bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between antispasmodics and detection of lesions by screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Seta Takeshi , Nakano Shogo , Wakita Midori , Konishi Takafumi , Matsumoto Hisakazu , Nakatani Yasuki , Akamatsu Takuji , Urai Shunji , Uenoyama Yoshito , Yamashita Yukitaka , Nakayama Takeo
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim

Whether administration of antispasmodics as a component of premedication contributes to detection of lesions by screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) remains unclear. Our primary aim was to investigate this possibility.

Methods

The cohort in this retrospective study comprised consecutive asymptomatic individuals who had undergone screening EGDS as part of a health check‐up at the Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center from October 2015 to September 2020. The investigated lesions comprised esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, gastric adenoma or adenocarcinoma, and duodenal adenoma or adenocarcinoma.

Results

Targeted lesions were detected in 72 of 31 484 participants (0.23%), 18 260 and 13 224 of whom had received and not received pre‐procedure antispasmodics, respectively. The rates of detection of lesions in these groups were 0.21% (38/18260) and 0.26% (34/13224), respectively (P = 0.40). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no association between administration of antispasmodics and rates of detection of targeted lesions [P = 0.24, Odds ratio (95% CI): 1.46 (0.78–2.75)].

Conclusions

Antispasmodics, which were administered to more than half of the study cohort, did not improve the rate of detection of targeted lesions.
Impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on the health of individuals with intoxication‐type metabolic diseases—Data from the E‐IMD consortium
Authors: Mütze Ulrike , Gleich Florian , Barić Ivo , Baumgartner Mathias , Burlina Alberto , Chapman Kimberly A. , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Cortès‐Saladelafont Elisenda , De Laet Corinne , Dobbelaere Dries , Eysken Francois , Gautschi Matthias , Santer Rene , Häberle Johannes , Joaquín Clara , Karall Daniela , Lindner Martin , Lund Allan M. , Mühlhausen Chris , Murphy Elaine , Roland Dominique , Ruiz Gomez Angeles , Skouma Anastasia , Grünert Sarah C. , Wagenmakers Margreet , Garbade Sven F. , Kölker Stefan , Boy Nikolas
Published: October 2022

The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic challenges healthcare systems worldwide. Within inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) the vulnerable subgroup of intoxication‐type IMDs such as organic acidurias (OA) and urea cycle disorders (UCD) show risk for infection‐induced morbidity and mortality. This study (observation period February 2020 to December 2021) evaluates impact on medical health care as well as disease course and outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in patients with intoxication‐type IMDs managed by participants of the European Registry and Network for intoxication type metabolic diseases Consortium (E‐IMD). Survey's respondents managing 792 patients (n = 479 pediatric; n = 313 adult) with intoxication‐type IMDs (n = 454 OA; n = 338 UCD) in 14 countries reported on 59 (OA: n = 36; UCD: n = 23), SARS‐CoV‐2 infections (7.4%). Medical services were increasingly requested (95%), mostly alleviated by remote technologies (86%). Problems with medical supply were scarce (5%). Regular follow‐up visits were reduced in 41% (range 10%–50%). Most infected individuals (49/59; 83%) showed mild clinical symptoms, while 10 patients (17%; n = 6 OA including four transplanted MMA patients; n = 4 UCD) were hospitalized (metabolic decompensation in 30%). ICU treatment was not reported. Hospitalization rate did not differ for diagnosis or age group (p = 0.778). Survival rate was 100%. Full recovery was reported for 100% in outpatient care and 90% of hospitalized individuals. SARS‐CoV‐2 impacts health care of individuals with intoxication‐type IMDs worldwide. Most infected individuals, however, showed mild symptoms and did not require hospitalization. SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced metabolic decompensations were usually mild without increased risk for ICU treatment. Overall prognosis of infected individuals is very promising and IMD‐specific or COVID‐19‐related complications have not been observed.
Time modulation based unconventional phased antenna arrays for monopulse and multifunction radar systems
Authors: Chakraborty Avishek , Ram Gopi , Mandal Durbadal
Published: October 2022

The development of novel and innovative phased array designs toward affordable and performance‐oriented solutions has become the dire need of modern‐age wireless communication technologies. This paper proposed an unconventional method to design phased array antennas by eliminating the need of phase shifters. A cost‐effective alternative is presented by using “time‐modulation” based arrays capable of beam steering and electronic scanning. Controlling the high‐speed absorptive switches connected with each radiating elements in a periodic manner to generate the desired amplitude and phase tapering is the main purpose of these time‐domain arrays. So, the need for expensive phase shifters and erroneous attenuators can be avoided. This article explored the idea of “time‐modulation” to design innovative and efficient phased arrays for monopulse and multifunction radar systems. Suitable switching sequences are designed to produce simultaneous sum‐difference radiation patterns for monopulse tracking radars, and simultaneous scanned beam patterns for multifunction radars. To achieve the desired objectives, time‐modulated linear arrays of 10, 20, and 30 elements are proposed with appropriate switching sequences. The parameters of the arrays such as switch‐ON instants, switch‐ON periods, and switch‐OFF instants are controlled by employing the crow search optimization (CSO) algorithm. Representative results for both the applications are elaborated and compared with recently published counterpart designs to present the potentialities of the proposed concept for electronic steering and beam scanning applications.
Polyamide Nanofibers Impregnated with Nitrile Rubber for Enhancing CFRP Delamination Resistance
Authors: Ortolani Jacopo , Maccaferri Emanuele , Mazzocchetti Laura , Benelli Tiziana , Brugo Tommaso Maria , Zucchelli Andrea , Giorgini Loris
Published: October 2022

Delamination is the main responsible for structural failure of composites having a laminar structure. In the present work, polyamide (Nylon 66) nanofibers, even impregnated with uncrosslinked nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), are interleaved into epoxy‐based carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates with the aim to counteract the delamination phenomenon. The performance of nano‐modified composites using both the nanofibrous mat types, that is, Nylon 66 and NBR‐impregnated Nylon 66 membranes, is investigated. Mode I loading tests show a significant improvement of the interlaminar fracture toughness of rubber‐modified CFRPs, especially in the GI,R (up to +151%). The improvement in the GI,C is less pronounced, but still significant (up to +80%). The achieved results are very encouraging and pave the way to the use of such Nylon–NBR hybrid mats for hindering delamination.
New Concept of Electronically and Protonic Conductive Polymer Structures for the Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Produced by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Maletzko Annabelle , Brösgen Linda , Kaffo Christian Tchoffo , Villa Eduardo Daniel Gomez , Melke Julia , Hübner Christof , Höhne Carl‐Christoph
Published: October 2022

The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is a promising technology for the production of hydrogen from water using fluctuating renewable electricity sources. However, the investment cost of the PEM electrolysis technology has to be lowered considerably to achieve a widespread application. Polymer materials can be used as low‐cost materials to solve this issue. However, the conditions within the electrolysis cells are challenging for polymeric materials, especially for materials used within the oxygen‐evolving electrode. This study reports the new concept of electronically and protonic conductive polymer structures for the PEM water electrolysis produced by additive manufacturing and first results of investigations on compounds suitable for this concept.
Follow‐up after hospitalization, ER use among youth, young adults explored
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2022

Although about half of Medicaid‐insured youths and young adults receive outpatient mental health care follow‐up, such follow‐up is unknown among youths and young adults with private insurance. Researchers of a new study, published online in Psychiatric Services, set out to explore follow‐up after hospitalization and emergency room (ER) visits among that population with private insurance.
Broad support for MH programs in jails, prisons, poll reveals
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2022

The majority of Americans agree that mental health support should be provided for incarcerated people in this country, according to the latest Healthy Minds monthly poll commissioned by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and conducted by the global market research firm, Morning Consult.
Change in New Jersey student support raises concerns
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2022

A statewide student mental wellness initiative that the administration of New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy is touting as the first effort of its kind nationally is not winning universal acclaim in the state. Leaders in some school districts where students have been served in a smaller‐scale program said they are worried that momentum gained from that program will be lost under the announced change.
Prumnopitys Andina Fruit Extract Activates Liver X Receptors after In Vitro Digestion
Authors: Jiménez‐Aspee Felipe , Pospiech Jonas , Bauer Sarah , Sus Nadine , Kufer Thomas A. , Frank Jan
Published: October 2022

Scope

20‐Hydroxyecdysone (20E) is the main phytochemical present in the fresh arils of Prumnopitys andina. 20E is reported to have anabolic effects by modulation of gene transcription by interaction with nuclear receptors. Our aim is to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility, transepithelial transport of 20E, and the capacity of P. andina fruit extract and 20E to activate selected mammalian nuclear receptors in transiently transfected human cells after simulated gastrointestinal digestion.

Results

20E shows good stability, solubility, and micellization after in vitro digestion. 20E is taken up by Caco‐2 cells, but poorly transported through the epithelial cell membrane, possibly due to P‐glycoprotein‐mediated efflux. In transiently transfected HepG2 cells, the fruit extract significantly induces the signal intensity for the liver X receptor (LXR)‐α and ‐β by 1.6 and 1.4‐fold, respectively. In contrast, the treatment with 20E, irrespective of its concentration, did not change the activity of both LXR receptors. No effects are observed for the pregnane X receptor or the constitutive androstane receptor.

Conclusion

Our findings show that components of the digested P. andina extract other than 20E are responsible for the effects on LXR‐α and ‐β. Our findings open new perspectives on the potential role of P. andina fruits in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory diseases.
Metabolic changes in glioblastomas in response to choline kinase inhibition: In vivo MRS in rodent models
Authors: Bhaduri Sourav , Kelly Claire Louise , Lesbats Clémentine , Sharkey Jack , Ressel Lorenzo , Mukherjee Soham , Platt Mark David , Delikatny Edward J. , Poptani Harish
Published: October 2022

Changes in glioblastoma (GBM) metabolism was investigated in response to JAS239, a choline kinase inhibitor, using MRS. In addition to the inhibition of phosphocholine synthesis, we investigated changes in other key metabolic pathways associated with GBM progression and treatment response. Three syngeneic rodent models of GBM were used: F98 (N = 12) and 9L (N = 8) models in rats and GL261 (N = 10) in mice. Rodents were intracranially injected with GBM cells in the right cortex and tumor growth was monitored using T2‐weighted images. Animals were treated once daily with intraperitoneal injections of 4 mg/kg JAS239 (F98 rats, n = 6; 9L rats, n = 6; GL261 mice, n = 5) or saline (control group, F98 rats, n = 6; 9L rats, n = 2; GL261 mice, n = 5) for five consecutive days. Single voxel spectra were acquired on Days 0 (T0, baseline) and 6 (T6, end of treatment) from the tumor as well as the contralateral normal brain using a PRESS sequence. Changes in metabolite ratios (tCho/tCr, tCho/NAA, mI/tCr, Glx/tCr and (Lip + Lac)/Cr) were used to assess metabolic pathway alterations in response to JAS239. Tumor growth arrest was noted in all models in response to JAS239 treatment compared with saline‐treated animals, with a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the F98 model. A reduction in tCho/tCr was observed with JAS239 treatment in all GBM models, indicating reduced phospholipid metabolism, with the highest reduction in 9L followed by GL261 and F98 tumors. A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the tCho/NAA ratio was observed in the 9L model. A significant reduction in mI/tCr (p < 0.05) was found in JAS239‐treated F98 tumors compared with the saline‐treated animals. A non‐significant trend of reduction in Glx/tCr was observed only in F98 and 9L tumors. JAS239‐treated F98 tumors also showed a significant increase in Lip + Lac (p < 0.05), indicating increased cell death. This study demonstrated the utility of MRS in assessing metabolic changes in GBM in response to choline kinase inhibition.
Use of infographics for facilitating learning of pharmacology in the nursing degree
Authors: Meneses‐Monroy Alfonso , Rivas‐Paterna Ana B. , Orgaz‐Rivas Elena , García‐González Francisco J. , González‐Sanavia María J. , Moreno Guillermo , Pacheco Enrique
Published: October 2022

Aim

To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention focused on teaching students to create infographics to improve pharmacology learning.

Design

This is a comparative study.

Methods

The population was 250 nursing students who had to create two infographics in groups related to the content that had been addressed in pharmacology in two different moments. Students and professors evaluated the infographics through a 5‐point Likert scale. Scores from the official exam of the pharmacology subject were obtained.

Results

Most of the students scored below 50% for the “excellent” and “good” categories. Intraclass correlation and kappa correlations among students and professors' evaluations were low. The comparison between both times of students' evaluations only yields significant correlation values for the criterion “Understanding of information” (r = .039, p = .024) and the “Visual presentation of information” (r = .041, p = .019). No correlation was obtained between the test and evaluations values of the infographic.
Obstacles and opportunities in managing coexisting obesity and CKD: Report of a scientific workshop cosponsored by the National Kidney Foundation and The Obesity Society
Authors: Friedman Allon N. , Schauer Philip R. , Beddhu Srinivasan , Kramer Holly , le Roux Carel W. , Purnell Jonathan Q. , Sunwold Duane , Tuttle Katherine R. , Jastreboff Ania M. , Kaplan Lee M.
Published: October 2022

The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and The Obesity Society (TOS) cosponsored a multispecialty international workshop in April 2021 to advance the understanding and management of obesity in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The underlying rationale for the workshop was the accumulating evidence that obesity is a major contributor to CKD and adverse outcomes in individuals with CKD, and that effective treatment of obesity, including lifestyle intervention, weight loss medications, and metabolic surgery, can have beneficial effects. The attendees included a range of experts in the areas of kidney disease, obesity medicine, endocrinology, diabetes, bariatric/metabolic surgery, endoscopy, transplant surgery, and nutrition, as well as patients with obesity and CKD. The group identified strategies to increase patient and provider engagement in obesity management, outlined a collaborative action plan to engage nephrologists and obesity medicine experts in obesity management, and identified research opportunities to address gaps in knowledge about the interaction between obesity and kidney disease. The workshop's conclusions help lay the groundwork for development of an effective, scientifically based, and multidisciplinary approach to the management of obesity in people with CKD.
The added value of skeletal surveys in the initial evaluation of children diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the era of staging 18F‐FDG PET/CT: A retrospective study
Authors: Rameh Vanessa , Voss Stephan , Bedoya M. Alejandra , Beaulieu Danielle , Zhang Da , Degar Barbara A. , Tsai Andy
Published: October 2022

Objective

Currently, there is no consensus protocol on the initial staging evaluation for Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Our institutional protocol consists of a skeletal survey and a whole‐body positron emission tomography with 2‐deoxy‐2‐[fluorine‐18] fluoro‐D‐glucose integrated with computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) study. The utility of the PET/CT lies in its sensitivity in detecting osseous and extra‐osseous lesions, and in determining the baseline metabolic activity of LCH lesions to assess treatment response. However, the added utility of the skeletal survey in staging LCH is unclear. Therefore, this study retrospectively assessed the added diagnostic value of skeletal surveys in patients with baseline PET/CTs for initial staging of LCH.

Methods

We retrospectively searched the medical records of all patients less than or equal to 18 years old at a large children's hospital (May 2013 to September 2021). The inclusion criteria were (a) biopsy‐proven diagnosis of LCH and (b) initial staging PET/CT and skeletal survey performed less than or equal to 1 month apart. A blinded pediatric radiologist reviewed the skeletal surveys and another reviewed the PET/CTs in identifying LCH osseous lesions.

Results

Our study cohort consisted of 49 children with 86 LCH osseous lesions. In non‐extremity locations, PET/CT identified 70/70 (100%) osseous lesions, while skeletal surveys detected 43/70 (61.4%) osseous lesions. In the extremities, PET/CT identified 13/16 (81.3%) osseous lesions, while skeletal surveys detected 15/16 (93.8%) osseous lesions.

Conclusion

Skeletal surveys increased the detection rate of osseous lesions in the extremities, but added no diagnostic value to the detection of osseous lesions in non‐extremity locations. Therefore, we propose to abbreviate the skeletal survey to include only extremity radiographs.
Experimental and application of continuous regeneration of waste rubber
Authors: Cheng Yaohua , Wang Qianting
Published: October 2022

Combined with the Serial Rubber Continuous Mixing Device (SRCMD) and custom‐built rotors, the real continuous regeneration of waste rubber was realized. The upstream mixer effectively solves the problem of pretreatment of waste rubber and realizes its preliminary regeneration. The downstream twin‐screw extruder realizes supplementary regeneration and plasticized extrusion of waste rubber. The optimal process parameters for preparing SRCMD‐reclaimed rubber were explored through orthogonal experiments. Compared to the commercially‐reclaimed rubber produced by the traditional vulcanization tank high‐temperature regeneration method, the SRCMD‐reclaimed rubber well retains the main chain structure of waste rubber and has obvious advantages in various properties. The conveyor belt coverings made by partially replacing styrene butadiene rubber with SRCMD‐reclaimed rubber fully meet the requirements of the national standard in all properties and are better than commercially‐reclaimed rubber, which has good application prospects and provides a guide for promoting the industrial transformation of recycled rubber.
Photoluminescence and X‐Ray‐Induced Luminescence Behavior of Sm2O3‐Doped Oxyfluoroborate Scintillating Glass for Radiation Detecting Material
Authors: Meejitpaisan Piyachat , Doddoji Ramachari , Kim Hong Joo , Jayasankar Chalicheemalapalli K. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: October 2022

Various concentrations of samarium (Sm3+) ion‐activated oxyfluoroborate (ANCB:AlF3‐NaF‐CaF2‐B2O3) glasses are fabricated for its applications in red‐emitting lasers and scintillators. From the optical absorption spectrum, Ω2,4,6 intensity parameters and several radiative parameters along with the high value of absorption (2.96 × 10−21 cm2) and emission (14.13 × 10−22 cm2) cross sections are calculated. By stimulating at 403 nm, a transition corresponding to 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 (596 nm) is very intense and emits orange‐reddish luminescence of Sm3+ ion in ANCB glasses. The decay curves are fit to the Inokuti–Hirayama (I–H) model to determine the energy transfer in Sm3+: ANCB glasses. The X‐ray‐excited luminescence (XEL) spectra are determined with an X‐ray source by supplying the voltage of 50 kV and current 30 mA. The lasing parameters like stimulated emission cross section (14.13 × 10−22 cm2), optical gain (30.52 × 10−22 cm2 s), and quantum efficiency (80%) are found to be high for the 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 transition of Sm3+ ions. The quality of the emitted red light for the ANCBSm0.5 glass is calculated in terms of the (x, y) color coordinates and correlated color temperatures (CCT < 3000 K). The integral scintillation efficiency of glasses shows the maximum value of 23% in comparison with Bi4Ge3O12 scintillation crystal.
Contact Formation of Silver Paste and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (n) Poly‐Silicon Passivating Contacts on Planar and Textured Surfaces
Authors: Glatthaar Raphael , Huster Frank , Okker Tobias , Cela Greven Beatriz , Seren Sven , Hahn Giso , Terheiden Barbara
Published: October 2022

One of the main challenges for the industrialization of the passivating contact approach for Si solar cells is the metallization with screen‐printed paste while maintaining the low saturation current density. Using a non‐commercial Ag paste to metallize atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) (n) poly‐Si, the metal contact formation for passivating contacts on planar and textured substrates is investigated. The paste creates deep imprints caused by silver crystallite formation at the pyramid tips of textured silicon wafers. In contrast, on planar wafers, the silver crystallite growth stops at the interface between poly‐Si and the Si wafer. Similar contact resistivities are determined by comparing textured and planar Si samples. On planar samples, a contact resistivity of 4.6(14) mΩcm2 and a saturation current density of only 141(10) fA cm−2 for the metallized contact area are demonstrated. Textured samples with a contact resistivity of 2.7(17) mΩcm2 show a higher saturation current of 480(40) fA cm−2. This etching behavior is investigated by structural and elemental analyses using scanning electron microscopy.
Pulmonary involvement in Anti‐Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Vasculitis: A single centre case series
Authors: Bell Peter T. , Sheehy Robert , Droney Luke , Prain Kerri , Wong Richard , Keir Gregory J.
Published: October 2022

Anti‐Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody associated Vasculitides (AAV) comprise a rare group of disorders in which respiratory tract involvement is variable and often severe. The rarity and heterogeneity of AAV makes this a challenging condition to diagnose and manage. In this single‐centre case series of 44 patients with AAV‐associated respiratory disease, we provide an overview of disease manifestations, management aspects and treatment outcomes. Data from this case series highlight the real‐world diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of the AAV respiratory disease spectrum; including uncertainties in the management of fibrosing interstitial lung disease, tracheobronchial stenosis and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage.
Does swimming activity influence gas bubble trauma in fish?
Authors: Pleizier Naomi K. , Cooke Steven J. , Brauner Colin J.
Published: October 2022

Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation from sources such as hydroelectric dams can cause harmful bubble growth in the tissues of aquatic animals, known as gas bubble trauma (GBT). Locomotion is known to exacerbate bubble growth in tissues during decompression under certain conditions (such as in diving animals), possibly because of increased bubble nucleation. As with decompression sickness, GBT is caused by the supersaturation of tissues with gas, and thus we hypothesize that locomotion promotes bubble nucleation in the tissues of fish exposed to TDG supersaturation. Many previous laboratory studies have tested the effects of TDG on fish exposed to low‐velocity, non‐directional flow, whereas fish in field conditions are exposed to higher‐velocity flows and are likely more active. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of locomotion on GBT to apply laboratory results to active fish in field conditions. We exposed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to either control (100% TDG) or TDG supersaturation (123% TDG) in either static or flowing water conditions (1.8 Bl/s) and recorded time to 50% loss of equilibrium (LOE). We observed no statistically significant difference in time to 50% LOE between flow conditions. Given the lack of statistically significant difference between static and flowing water, our findings indicate that results from GBT experiments on rainbow trout in non‐directional flow are applicable to more active individuals.
Study on Capture Performance on PbCl2 and CdCl2 using Kaolin Modified by Sodium Ions
Authors: Liu Changqi , Huang Yaji , Zhu Zhicheng , Yu Mengzhu , Meng Junguang , Bu Changsheng , Zhang Jubing
Published: October 2022

Different concentrations solutions of NaOH and NaCl were used to modify raw kaolin for improving its heavy metal capture performance. The best modified kaolin was formed by 0.19375 g NaOH modifying 10 g kaolin based on the evaluating index of capture efficiency with 4 % and 47 % increase for PbCl2 and CdCl2. This modified method can obtain a new adsorbent which has good capture effect on both PbCl2 and CdCl2 at the same time. Based on the evaluating index of the ratios of Pb/Al and Cd/Al, the best modified adsorbents on PbCl2 and CdCl2 were 10 g kaolin modified by 0.775 g NaOH and 10 g kaolin modified by 0.5675 g NaCl. The FTIR spectroscopy and specific surface areas of modified kaolin were measured. The adsorption products of modified kaolin were characterized by SEM, XRD. Leaching toxicity of adsorption products of modified kaolin was carried out and the modification mechanism was described.
Heterogeneous Activation of Persulfate by Activated Carbon for Efficient Acetaminophen Degradation: Mechanism, Kinetics, Mineralization, and Density Functional Theory
Authors: Qutob Mohammad , Doğan Şifa , Rafatullah Mohd
Published: October 2022

Pharmaceutical compounds attracted environmentalists according to their unknown impact on the ecosystem and the increase in their demand. Acetaminophen (ACT) or paracetamol has been detected more than the natural concentration value. To avoid the negative impact of the ACT accumulation into the environment, many treatment techniques have been applied. Among them, advanced oxidation process (AOP) techniques have shown high efficiency to remove ACT. In this study, the ability of AC to catalyze PS by its functional group was evaluated, and the degradation efficiency of ACT was determined by using an activated carbon (AC)/persulfate (PS) system. In addition, the mechanism, kinetics, mineralization, and the density functional theory were also investigated. HPLC was used to measure ACT concentration, and the optimum results in this work were 100 % degradation within 3 minutes at catalysts concentrations AC 8.25 mM/PS 1.65 mM at pH 7 and the mineralization were 24 % after 90 min of reaction. And the degradation pathway of ACT was built based on density functional theory. This study will contribute to clarifying the role of carbon catalysts in the PS oxidation of pollutants. The degradation of ACT by using an AC/PS system is recommended because of the high degradations efficiency, non‐toxic by‐products, and environmentally friendly.
MXene Based Electrospun Polymer Electrolyte fibers: Fabrication and Enhanced Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Sharma Parul Kumar , Pradhan Sunil Kumar , Pramanik Monidipa , Limaye Mukta V. , Singh Shashi B.
Published: October 2022

In the present exploration, MXene (Ti3C2Tx) based composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are fabricated by electrospinning technique to make free‐standing fiber films. In this process, four different composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are synthesized by varying the MXene content from 0 mg to 60 mg in poly‐acrylonitrile (PAN) along with NaPF6 solution. The electron microscopic studies reveal the layered morphology of synthesized MXene samples. Further, MXene based CPE fibers exhibit lengths of several micro‐meters with widths < 3 μm. The linear sweep voltammetry results manifest the electrochemical stability of CPES up to 3.3 V. The key studies in this research work are the incorporation of sodium‐based salts which are more abundant, less expensive, less reactive, and environment friendly than other Li based salts, also the highlighted findings have been assigned to the impedance and the DC polarization, which illustrate the enhanced ionic conductivities (of the order of 10−6 S/cm) for the 20 mg MXene based CPE sample. Further, the Fourier Transform Infra‐Red (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and its deconvolution studies have been carried out, which depict the enhancement in the free ion concentration in the MXene based CPEs samples.
Silver Iodide‐mediated Insertion of Indium to Synthesize Water‐tolerant Organoindium Reagents and the Application in Cross‐coupling Reactions
Authors: Yu Yunzi , Feng Yuqin , Ma Wenxia , Li Haibo , Yang Ming , Zhang Gang , Yang Yongsheng
Published: October 2022

A direct synthesis method of efficient and mild water‐resistant organoindium reagents and their cross‐coupling reactions with aryl iodide by palladium‐catalyzed was described. At room temperature, organic indium reagents were mediated by AgI, and water‐tolerant alkyl indium reagents were directly and efficiently synthesized. The cross‐coupling reaction of organic indium reagents with various aryl halides could perform smoothly with palladium catalysis. The expected products were obtained in moderate to good yields, and the best yield can reach 99 %. These reactions are promising for their high reactivity, broad applicability, and functional group tolerance.
Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes Derived From N,N’,N’’‐Tris(2‐thioanisyl)guanidine. Syntheses, Structural Aspects, Solution Behaviour and Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Reactions
Authors: Sinha Nitish Kumar , Thirupathi Natesan
Published: October 2022

Guanidine, [(ArNH)2C=NAr] (Ar=2‐(MeS)C6H4) was prepared in 70 % (method 1)/92 % (method 2) yields. Cyclopalladation of the guanidine with Pd(OC(O)R)2 (R=Me and tBu) afforded the CNS pincer complexes, [Pd{κ3(C,N,S)}(OC(O)R)] in 82 % and 75 % yields, respectively. [Pd{κ3(C,N,S)}(OC(O)R)] (R=Me and tBu) upon metathesis reaction with LiBr gave [Pd{κ3(C,N,S)}Br] in 67 % and 72 % yields, respectively. The reaction of [Pd{κ3(C,N,S)}Br] with AgBF4 in MeCN gave [Pd{κ3(C,N,S)}(MeCN)]BF4 in 82 % yield. The new compounds were characterised by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. Molecular structures of [(ArNH)2C=NAr] (Ar=2‐(MeS)C6H4) and [Pd{κ3(C,N,S)}(OC(O)tBu)] were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction while the solution behaviour of the former compound studied by VT 1H  NMR spectroscopy. [Pd{κ3(C,N,S)}(OAc)] was used as a catalyst in Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl bromides with aryl boronic acids.
Selenation of 2‐Hydroxyphenyl Enaminones with Se Powder to Generate ArSe‐subsituted Chromone Derivatives
Authors: Xu Pan , Zhong Zijian , Huang Haixuan , Zhou Aihua
Published: October 2022

A simple and efficient selenylation/cyclization of 2‐hydroxyphenyl enaminones towards the synthesis of ArSe‐subsituted chromone derivatives has been realized. This reaction is performed with selenium powder and aromatic iodides together in one‐pot under simple conditions, good yields of target products were obtained. Furthermore, the reaction can be also extended to sulfenylation/cyclization of 2‐hydroxyphenyl enaminones via using sulfur powder, demonstrating its wide application scope.
Paraffin@Silica Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials with Improved Anti‐Leakage Properties
Authors: Zhang Daofu , Cai Tianyu , Li Yujiao , Li Yongsheng , He Fangfang , Chen Zhengguo , Zhu Liqin , He Chuandong , Yang Wenbin
Published: October 2022

A series of paraffin (Pn)@silica (SiO2) microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCM) were synthesized by sol‐gel process using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and silane coupling agent as precursors. The morphology and chemical compositions of Pn@SiO2 microcapsules were characterized by SEM and FT‐IR, and thermal energy storage capacity was tested by DSC. The results showed that the Pn@SiO2 microcapsules modified with 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) had a desirable phase transition enthalpy (184.12 J/g). Meanwhile, the contact angle and leakage rate of Pn@SiO2 microcapsules were analyzed, and the data indicated the contact angle of Pn@SiO2 microcapsules was significantly improved and the leakage rate of Pn@SiO2 microcapsules was reduced to different degrees by modification with silane coupling agents. The main reason is that the modification of silane coupling agents improves the wettability of silica on the surface of paraffin wax, which makes the aggregation of silica on the surface of paraffin more efficient. Among them, the Pn@SiO2 microcapsules modified by MPS showed the most significant reduction in leakage rate, which was reduced from 8.38 % to 1.24 %. Pn@SiO2 microcapsules modified by MPS not only showed outstanding latent heat‐storage/release capability with a high capacity but also exhibited good shape stability, high thermal stability and excellent phase‐change reliability and durability.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 4‐(4‐Chlorobenzyl)‐6‐methylpyridazin‐3(2H)‐one Derivatives as Hepatitis B Virus Inhibitors
Authors: Unsal Tan Oya , Moncol Jan , Durantel David
Published: October 2022

22 Novel pyridazin‐3‐ones have been designed for anti‐hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity by structural modifications of 3711 which is capsid assembly modulator. Structure of the target compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data including X‐ray studies. Among them, the compound having piperazine moiety showed notable inhibitory activity on secretion of HBV DNA and HBeAg which is comparable to that of AT‐130. The preliminary structure‐activity relationships (SARs) of the newly synthesized pyridazin‐3‐one analogues were summarized, which may help researchers to discover more potent anti‐HBV agents bearing pyridazine‐3‐one scaffold.
Understanding the role of activated sludge in oxygen transfer: Effects of sludge settleability, solids retention time, and nitrification reaction
Authors: Campbell Ken , Wang Jianmin
Published: October 2022

The current understanding on the oxygen transfer in activated sludge process is primarily developed based on two‐phase systems, focusing only on oxygen transfer from air to water. However, this research demonstrates that activated sludge particles significantly impact oxygen transfer from air all the way to the microorganisms. Three bench‐scale complete‐mix activated sludge reactors, operated under the same influent loading and dissolved oxygen level but different solids retention times (SRTs), were used to develop oxygen transfer performance data as effects of different sludge property parameters. These reactors were also operated under batch modes to further validate the effect of nitrification reaction on oxygen transfer. Results indicate that high overall oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) is associated with low mixed liquor viscosity, long SRT, and nitrification reaction. Further analyses suggest that low mixed liquor viscosity, which resulted from high sludge settleability or low settled volume of sludge, reduces the thickness of liquid films at all interfaces and the size of air bubbles. Long SRT results in high active nitrifier population and low specific extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Nitrification reaction, which serves as the rate‐limiting step for oxygen transfer, may increase the oxygen transfer driving force. High active nitrifier population also promotes direct air‐sludge contact. All of these factors help facilitate oxygen transfer. This research provides a new approach to improve energy efficiency for wastewater treatment, which is to change the activated sludge property by adjusting treatment plant design and operational parameters.

Practitioner Points

High sludge settleability reduces viscosity therefore liquid film thickness.

Long SRT increases active microorganism population and reduces specific EPS content.

Nitrification reaction increases oxygen transfer driving force.

Direct air‐particle contact adds another pathway for oxygen transfer.

Nitrification reaction is the rate‐limiting step of the oxygen transfer process.
Antenna subtraction at NNLO with identified hadrons
Authors: Gehrmann Thomas , Stagnitto Giovanni
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We extend the antenna subtraction method to include hadron fragmentation processes up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD in e+e− collisions. To handle collinear singularities associated with the fragmentation process, we introduce fragmentation antenna functions in final-final kinematics with associated phase space mappings. These antenna functions are integrated over the relevant phase spaces, retaining their dependence on the momentum fraction of the fragmenting parton. The integrated antenna functions are cross-checked against the known NNLO coefficient functions for identified hadron production from $$ {\gamma}^{\ast }/{Z}^{\ast}\to q\overline{q} $$

γ
∗

/

Z
∗

→
q

q
¯

and H → gg processes.
Leptonic cascade decays of a heavy Higgs boson through vectorlike leptons at the LHC
Authors: Dermisek Radovan , Kawamura Junichiro , Lunghi Enrico , McGinnis Navin , Shin Seodong
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We demonstrate the potential of fully leptonic cascade decays of a heavy neutral Higgs boson through vectorlike leptons as a simultaneous probe for extended Higgs sectors and extra matter particles at the LHC. The processes we explore are unique in that their event topologies lead to di-boson-like leptonic final states with a lepton pair which does not reconstruct the mass of a gauge boson. By recasting existing $$ 2\ell +{E}_R^{\textrm{miss}} $$
2
ℓ
+

E
R
miss

and 3/4ℓ searches channels using run2 data from the LHC we obtain model independent bounds on the masses of heavy scalars and vectorlike leptons and use these results to explore future prospects at the HL-LHC. Our results can be directly applied to any kind of new physics scenarios sharing the final states and the event topology. For concreteness, we apply our results to a benchmark scenario: a two Higgs doublet model type-II augmented with vectorlike leptons. Remarkably, even with current data the sensitivity of our analysis shows a reach for masses of a heavy neutral Higgs and vectorlike leptons up to 2 TeV and 1.5 TeV, respectively. Even for low tan β ≳ 1, the analysis retains sensitivity to heavy Higgs masses slightly above 1 TeV. The future sensitivities at the HL-LHC extend the reach for heavy Higgses and new leptons to 2.7 TeV and 2 TeV, respectively.
Bounds on gravitational brane couplings and tomography in AdS3 black hole microstates
Authors: Lee Ji Hoon , Neuenfeld Dominik , Shukla Ashish
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We study information theoretic properties of planar black hole microstates in 2 + 1 dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime, modeled by black holes with an end-of-the-world brane behind the horizon. The von Neumann entropy of sufficiently large subregions in the dual CFT exhibits a time-dependent phase, which from a doubly-holographic perspective corresponds to the appearance of quantum extremal islands in the brane description. Considering the case where dilaton gravity is added to the brane, we show that tuning the associated couplings affects the propagation of information in the dual CFT state. By requiring that information theoretic bounds on the growth of entanglement entropy are satisfied in the dual CFT, we can place bounds on the allowed values of the couplings on the brane. Furthermore, we initiate the study of brane tomography, by showing how subleading corrections to the entanglement velocity can be used to learn about the properties of the brane as well as any gravitational dynamics localized on it.
Improved Wald formalism and first law of dyonic black strings with mixed Chern-Simons terms
Authors: Ma Liang , Pang Yi , Lü H.
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We study the first law of thermodynamics of dyonic black strings carrying a linear momentum in type IIA string theory compactified on K3 with leading order α′ corrections. The low energy effective action contains mixed Chern-Simons terms of the form −2B(2) ^ tr(R(Γ±) ^ R(Γ±)) which is equivalent to 2H(3) ^ CS(3)(Γ±) up to a total derivative. We find that the naive application of Wald entropy formula leads to two different answers associated with the two formulations of the mixed Chern-Simons terms. Surprisingly, neither of them satisfies the first law of thermodynamics for other conserved charges computed unambiguously using the standard methods. We resolve this problem by carefully evaluating the full infinitesimal Hamiltonian at both infinity and horizon, including contributions from terms proportional to the Killing vector which turn out to be nonvanishing on the horizon and indispensable to establish the first law. We find that the infinitesimal Hamiltionian associated with −2B(2) ^ tr(R(Γ±) ^ R(Γ±)) requires an improvement via adding a closed but non-exact term, which vanishes when the string does not carry either the magnetic charge or linear momentum. Consequently, both formulations of the mixed Chern-Simons terms yield the same result of the entropy that however does not agree with the Wald entropy formula. In the case of extremal black strings, we also contrast our result with the one obtained from Sen’s approach.
Safety Profile and Complication Rates in Emergency Off-label Use of Tirofiban in Interventional Neuroradiology
Authors: Brockmann Carolin , Dillinger Daniel , Mpotsaris Anastasios , Spreer Annette , Maus Volker , Waldeck Stephan , Othman Ahmed E. , Altmann Sebastian , Ringel Florian , Kerz Thomas , Brockmann Marc A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Tirofiban has been approved for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. Meanwhile, tirofiban is frequently applied in emergency situations in interventional neuroradiology (INR). The objective of this study was to analyze the risk profile for the off-label use of tirofiban in INR patients.

Methods

Data of 86 patients, who underwent neurointerventional therapy and were treated with tirofiban at 2 neuroendovascular centers between January 2016 and July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Despite off-label use, recent stroke (< 30 days), recent hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia (< 150,000/µl), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) > 1.3-fold, internation normalised ratio (INR) < 1.5, severe liver insufficiency (Child-Pugh C), and preceding intravenous thrombolysis were considered as contraindications.

Results

Median patient age was 62 years (range 26–88 years). Patients received tirofiban for extracranial (n = 35) or intracranial stenting (n = 35), coiling of ruptured cerebral aneurysms (n = 6), continuous intra-arterial nimodipine infusion via microcatheters for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-related vasospasm (n = 5), or thrombotic complications during neuroendovascular procedures (n = 5). The desired effect of preventing thrombotic complications when applying tirofiban off-label was achieved in 81 of 86 patients (94.2%). Relevant tirofiban-associated complications occurred in 14 patients (16.3%), of which 9 patients received i.v. thrombolysis for treatment of acute ischemic stroke shortly before starting therapy with tirofiban. Of the 86 patients 12 died, while the overall tirofiban-related mortality was 2.3% (2 patients died due to ICH). Logistic regression analysis revealed age to be the only parameter significantly associated with development of tirofiban-associated complications (p = 0.026).

Conclusion

Whereas the safety profile of tirofiban when applied off-label in INR is acceptable, the highest risk for relevant tirofiban-associated complications is observed in older patients treated by emergency stenting for acute stroke.
Proactive control of attention in math-anxious individuals
Authors: Colomé Àngels , Núñez-Peña María Isabel , González-Gómez Belén
Published: October 2022

Attentional control deficit has been proposed as one of the reasons for lower arithmetical performance in people with high math anxiety (HMA). Previous research trying to discern whether this deficit concerned proactive or reactive use of attentional control has been criticised because the methodologies used were mostly suited to investigating reactive control only. The aim of this study was to investigate proactive control in HMA individuals in a classical Stroop task. Twenty HMA and 20 low math-anxious individuals (LMA) named the ink colour in which congruent and incongruent colour words as well as X strings (neutral condition) were presented. The HMA group was slower than their LMA peers in the congruent and incongruent conditions only. Furthermore, HMA individuals showed a higher interference effect. Last, only LMA participants showed a facilitatory effect of the congruent condition. These results are interpreted as indicating the presence in the HMA individuals of a task conflict between the task to perform (ink naming) and an irrelevant task triggered by the stimuli (word reading). Task conflict is evident only when proactive control, responsible for maintaining the current goals, is too weak to solve the competition between tasks. Therefore, this study confirms that HMA individuals find it difficult to implement attention proactively.
Sex differences in brain homotopic co-activations: a meta-analytic study
Authors: Bonelli Chiara , Mancuso Lorenzo , Manuello Jordi , Liloia Donato , Costa Tommaso , Cauda Franco
Published: October 2022

An element of great interest in functional connectivity is ‘homotopic connectivity’ (HC), namely the connectivity between two mirrored areas of the two hemispheres, mainly mediated by the fibers of the corpus callosum. Despite a long tradition of studying sexual dimorphism in the human brain, to our knowledge only one study has addressed the influence of sex on HC.

We investigated the issue of homotopic co-activations in women and men using a coordinate-based meta-analytic method and data from the BrainMap database. A first unexpected observation was that the database was affected by a sex bias: women-only groups are investigated less often than men-only ones, and they are more often studied in certain domains such as emotion compared to men, and less in cognition. Implementing a series of sampling procedures to equalize the size and proportion of the datasets, our results indicated that females exhibit stronger interhemispheric co-activation than males, suggesting that the female brain is less lateralized and more integrated than that of males. In addition, males appear to show less intense but more extensive co-activation than females. Some local differences also appeared. In particular, it appears that primary motor and perceptual areas are more co-activated in males, in contrast to the opposite trend in the rest of the brain. This argues for a multidimensional view of sex brain differences and suggests that the issue should be approached with more complex models than previously thought.