bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educational Exclusion in India: Sub-group Divisiveness among Dalits
Authors: Rana Kumar
Published: April 2017

India cannot make progress by excluding educational opportunities from its Dalit people who form nearly 17 per cent of its population and populate 580 of its 593 villages. Again, for the Dalit activists and functionaries, it is imperative to note that without addressing the issue of sub-group divisiveness the case of Dalit emancipation will remain only a distant dream. It requires consorted policy efforts to combat the evils of illiteracy and to create further opportunities for the Dalits to achieve higher level of education. Nevertheless, policy road map and implementation needs to be informed by thorough understanding of the societal dynamics: the dialectics of Dalit positioning in the social hierarchy and its relationship with the class and power structure. Important as the external (Dalit–non-Dalit) relationships are, understanding the internal dynamics inside the Dalit domain is no less crucial.
Diffuse parenchymal lung disease
Authors: Tomassetti Sara , Ravaglia Claudia , Poletti Venerino
Published: April 2017

Between September 2015 and August 2016 there were >1500 publications in the field of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs). For the Clinical Year in Review session at the European Respiratory Society Congress that was held in London, UK, in September 2016, we selected only five articles. This selection, made from the enormous number of published papers, does not include all the relevant studies that will significantly impact our knowledge in the field of DPLDs in the near future. This review article provides our personal view on the following topics: early diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, current knowledge on the multidisciplinary team diagnosis of DPLDs and the diagnostic role of transbronchial cryobiopsy in this diagnostic setting, insights on the new entity of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features, and new therapeutic approaches for scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease.
Management of suspected monogenic lung fibrosis in a specialised centre
Authors: Borie Raphael , Kannengiesser Caroline , Sicre de Fontbrune Flore , Gouya Laurent , Nathan Nadia , Crestani Bruno
Published: April 2017

At least 10% of patients with interstitial lung disease present monogenic lung fibrosis suspected on familial aggregation of pulmonary fibrosis, specific syndromes or early age of diagnosis. Approximately 25% of families have an identified mutation in genes mostly involved in telomere homeostasis, and more rarely in surfactant homeostasis.

Beyond pathophysiological knowledge, detection of these mutations has practical consequence for patients. For instance, mutations involved in telomere homeostasis are associated with haematological complications after lung transplantation and may require adapted immunosuppression. Moreover, relatives may benefit from a clinical and genetic evaluation that should be specifically managed.

The field of genetics of pulmonary fibrosis has made great progress in the last 10 years, raising specific problems that should be addressed by a specialised team.
GIS-based visualization of integrated highway maintenance and construction planning: a case study of Fort Worth, Texas
Authors: France-Mensah Jojo , O’Brien William J. , Khwaja Nabeel , Bussell Loyl C.
Published: April 2017

Background

This paper reports on a case study of the use of visualization of geospatial data that is distributed across data sets and requires integration over time and space to aid decision makers. Like many State Highway Agencies (SHAs) in the United States, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is organized along the traditional functional lines of planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operations. It has historically relied on experience and longevity of its staff to efficiently and effectively plan its construction and maintenance projects. Although functional boundaries of maintenance and construction are fairly clearly defined, there tends to be some overlap in projects that can be executed by either of the functional groups. The department currently does not have a robust integrated information system for identifying potential planning conflicts between its construction and maintenance projects. This has led to suboptimal use of resources, including overlapping plans for maintenance and mobility enhancement projects.

Case description

With over 650 highway projects assigned across two functional groups within the district’s (TxDOT Fort Worth district) boundary, it is a challenging task to assemble a coherent plan for managing these projects over a multi-year planning period that is subject to external stakeholder input as well as shifting funding constraints. Temporal and spatial data needed for integrated planning resides in specialized information systems developed for the needs of individual functional groups. To address this challenge, this district decided to integrate and visualize data from individual information systems in a Geographic Information System (GIS). A GIS-based tool was developed to integrate, visualize, and analyze projects data from multiple information systems.

Discussion and evaluation

This paper documents the benefits associated with visualization and integration of projects data in a GIS to address planning challenges facing a typical highway agency. Among the lessons learned are the potential uses of GIS, which include detecting spatially and temporally overlapping projects, supporting integrated planning, and improving communication among functional groups within a state highway agency.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that such spatial-temporal representations of project data can lead to early identification of potential overlaps during the planning phase. In a broader context, such geospatial visualization efforts can also form the basis for eliciting practitioners’ perspectives and knowledge input in the development of spatial decision support systems.
On coincident loop transient electromagnetic induction logging
Authors: Swidinsky Andrei , Weiss Chester J.
Published: April 2017

Coincident loop transient induction wireline logging is examined as the borehole analog of the well-known land and airborne time-domain electromagnetic (EM) method. The concept of whole-space late-time apparent resistivity is modified from the half-space version commonly used in land and airborne geophysics and applied to the coincident loop voltages produced from various formation, borehole, and invasion models. Given typical tool diameters, off-time measurements with such an instrument must be made on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds — much more rapidly than for surface methods. Departure curves of the apparent resistivity for thin beds, calculated using an algorithm developed to model the transient response of a loop in a multilayered earth, indicate that the depth of investigation scales with the bed thickness. Modeled resistivity logs are comparable in accuracy and resolution with standard frequency-domain focused induction logs. However, if measurement times are longer than a few microseconds, the thicknesses of conductors can be overestimated, whereas resistors are underestimated. Thin-bed resolution characteristics are explained by visualizing snapshots of the EM fields in the formation, where a conductor traps the electric field while two current maxima are produced in the shoulder beds surrounding a resistor. Radial profiling is studied using a concentric cylinder earth model. Results found that true formation resistivity can be determined in the presence of either oil- or water-based mud, although in the latter case, measurements must be taken several orders of magnitude later in time. The ability to determine true formation resistivity is governed by the degree that the EM field heals after being distorted by borehole fluid and invasion, a process visualized and particularly evident in the case of conductive water-based mud.
The Role of Government Reimbursement in Drug Shortages
Authors: Yurukoglu Ali , Liebman Eli , Ridley David B.
Published: April 2017

Beginning in the mid-2000s, the incidence of drug shortages rose, especially for generic injectable drugs such as anesthetics and chemotherapy treatments. We examine whether reimbursement changes contributed to the shortages, focusing on a reduction in Medicare Part B reimbursement to providers for drugs. We hypothesize that lower reimbursement put downward pressure on manufacturers' prices, which reduced manufacturers' incentives to invest in capacity, reliability, and new launches. We show that after the policy change, shortages rose more for drugs with higher shares of patients insured by Medicare, greater decreases in provider reimbursement, and greater decreases in manufacturer prices. (JEL H51, 118, L1, L65)
David Stafford-Clark (1916-1999): Seeing through a celebrity psychiatrist
Authors: Miller Gavin
Published: April 2017

This article uses the mass-media career of the British psychiatrist David Stafford-Clark (1916-1999) as a case study in the exercise of cultural authority by celebrity medical professionals in post-war Britain. Stafford-Clark rose to prominence in the mass media, particularly through his presenting work on medical and related topics for BBC TV and Radio, and was in the vanguard of psychiatrists and physicians who eroded professional edicts on anonymity. At the height of his career, he traded upon his celebrity status, and consequent cultural authority, to deliver mass media sermons on a variety of social, cultural, and political topics. Stafford-Clark tried to preserve his sense of personal and intellectual integrity by clinging to a belief that his authority in the public sphere was ultimately to be vindicated by his literary, intellectual, and spiritual significance. But as his credibility dwindled, he came to distrust the cultural intermediaries, such as broadcasters and publishers, who had supported him.
Rate of seizure reduction after surgical resection of brain tumour: levetiracetam versus phenytoin
Authors: Oscroft Oksana , Ram Felix SF
Published: April 2017

Seizures in previously seizure-free patients with brain tumours who have undergone resection can be prevented with the use of antiepileptic agents. This review of current literature showed that phenytoin was ineffective in preventing seizures when all trials were considered (OR=0.939; 95% CI=0.609–1.448; P=0.775). However, studies found levetiracetam to be significantly effective with low reported seizure frequencies (ranging from 2.5% to 7.0%) compared to patients without levetiracetam reported as 20%, (P<0.05). One head-to-head study demonstrated significant reduction of seizures in the levetiracetam group (1.9%) when compared to the phenytoin group (13.8%), P=0.034. Even with the limited evidence that exists regarding levetiracetam, significantly fewer seizures have been reported in patients undergoing brain tumour resection. Levetiracetam use in patients undergoing brain tumour resection should be considered on a case-by-case basis in the absence of good quality evidence from future trials to guide practice.
Prioritising school achievement over wellbeing: What is the cost?
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: April 2017

Children and young people are under tremendous pressure to achieve at school resulting in high levels of stress and anxiety.
Children with epilepsy and other conditions are missing crucial support from schools
Authors: Keenleyside Paul
Published: April 2017

Despite legislation introduced in 2014, requiring schools to have a medical conditions policy in place many are yet to comply. Paul Keenleyside explains the impact this can have on children with epilepsy and other medical conditions, and why appropriate school support is essential.
Hideous Hydropolitics in Darraj's A Curious Land
Authors: Yousef Awad  , Tareq Zuhair
Published: April 2017

Water is a contextual symbol in literature. It stands for many things, depending on how it is used in a literary work. It represents, among other meanings, cleanliness, life, salvation, purification, and redemption. In Susan Muddai Darraj's A Curious Land, water plays a pivotal role in conveying themes and ideas that are pertinent to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. In particular, this article explores how Darraj draws on the multivalent connotations of water to aesthetically and thematically valorize some of the dynamics of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. In a way, water intricately intertwines with the national Palestinian identity and it explains the causes of several Israeli assaults and aggressions on Palestinian territories and neighboring Arab countries. As the collection shows, Israeli hydropolitics and hydro-apartheid keep the Palestinians below the water poverty line in a bid to destroy their resilience and force them to emigrate. Hence, water in this collection acquires important meanings for the Palestinians, like rejuvenation, resistance, and rootedness.
Antena Bikonikal Tabung untuk Aplikasi Radar Electronic Support Measures Dengan Pola Radiasi Omni-directional pada Frekuensi 2-18 GHz
Authors: Saputera Yussi Perdana , Oktaviani Folin , Wahyu Yuyu
Published: April 2017

Pada tulisan ini, dibahas hasil penelitian mengenai perancangan antena bikonikal tabung yang memiliki pola radiasi omni-directional yang akan digunakan pada radar Elektronic Support Measures (ESM). Antena bikonikal memiliki karakteristik bandwidth yang sangat lebar (ultra wide band) cocok digunakan pada aplikasi ESM dengan frekuensi 2–18 GHz. Bentuk pola radiasi omni-directional yang dirancang bertujuan agar pada saat ESM melakukan deteksi frekuensi radar (S-, C-, X-, dan Ku-band) dari pancaran radar yang berada di sekitarnya dapat melakukan deteksi ke segala arah. Karena kegunaan ESM sebagai detektor radar dengan sifat sebagai penerima (receiver) dibutuhkan VSWR di bawah 2,5 dengan nilai return loss di bawah -7,436. Antena bikonikal yang dirancang menggunakan dua plat tembaga yang dibentuk kerucut dengan penambahan tabung dengan pemasangan yang saling berhadapan, yang dipasang pada inner connector dan ground. Antena bikonikal dipasang mengunakan balun ¼ λ, agar matching impedansi antara antena dengan konektor 50 Ω. Plat tembaga yang digunakan dengan tebal 0,8 mm.
Design of Asymmetric Parallel-Cascaded Micro-Ring Resonator Using Transfer Matrix and Signal Flow-Graph Methods
Authors: Mahmudin Dadin , Daud Pamungkas , Wijayanto Yusuf Nur
Published: April 2017

Asymmetric parallel-cascaded micro-ring resonator (APCMR) is proposed. The proposed device is composed of two or more micro-ring-resonators with different diameter. The proposed device is designed using transfer matrix combined with signal flow graph methods. The designed device with crosstalk less than and equal -10 dB can be obtained by setting coupling coefficient. The proposed device can be used for optical filters and sensors.
Perancangan Quadband BPF dengan Komponen Lumpeduntuk Sistem m-BWA
Authors: Wibisono Gunawan , Simanjuntak Daniel , Kurniawan Taufiq Alif
Published: April 2017

Ada banyak teknologi mobile broadband wireless access (m-BWA) yang saat ini digunakan, agar bisa mencakup seluruh teknologi m-BWA yang ada dalam sebuah perangkat maka diperlukan teknologi multiband . Salah satu komponen penting yang mendukung perkembangan teknologi m-BWA adalah bandpass filter (BPF), yang berfungsi untuk memilah-milah dan mengisolasi band yang spesifik dari interferensi pada transceiver radio frequency (RF). Pada penelitian ini akan dirancang quadband BPF yang beroperasi pada frekuensi tengah 950 MHz dan 1,85 GHz untuk aplikasi GSM, 2,35 GHz untuk aplikasi WiMAX, dan 2,65 GHz untuk aplikasi LTE secara simultan. Rangkaian quadband BPF dibangun dan dikembangkan dari konsep dualband BPF dengan menambahkan sejumlah cross coupling pada inductive coupling BPF tersebut untuk menghasilkan zero pada frekuensi tertentu yang diharapkan menggunakan komponen lumped. BPF yang dirancang memiliki spesifikasi, input return loss (S11) < -10 dB, insertion loss (S21) > -3 dB, dan voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) antara 1 – 2, dan group delay kurang dari 10 ns. Perancangan dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Advance Design System (ADS) dan kemudian difabrikasi berbasis printed circuit board (PCB). Hasil simulasi BPF menunjukkan kinerja quadband BPF memenuhi kriteria perancangan sedangkan hasil fabrikasi mengalami pergeseran.
Antena Array Mikrostrip Dual Beam Untuk Aplikasi Sensor Radar Doppler
Authors: Daud Pamungkas , Andayani Niluh Sri
Published: April 2017

Sekarang ini jumlah kendaraan meningkat dengan pesatnya, sementara sarana jalan masih tertinggal baik pertambahannya maupun kualitas jalan serta pemeliharaan, menyebabkan kemacetan lalu lintas sering terjadi dan jumlah kecelakaan kendaraan meningkat pula. Pengontrolan lalu lintas yang baik sangat dibutuhkan untuk efisiensi dan meningkatkan keselamatan pengguna jalan. Sebuah sensor radar doppler dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi laju kecepatan relatif kendaraan, yakni antara mobil dan obstacle sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menghindari terjadinya kecelakaan dan dapat memantau kepadatan lalu lintas yang terjadi. Radar dirancang untuk kemudahan navigasi dan bisa digunakan untuk mendeteksi kecepatan suatu benda yang bergerak dengan cara mendeteksi energi dari suatu benda yang bergerak tersebut sekaligus menentukan posisinya. Dalam tulisan ini dibahas mengenai desain dan implementasi antena yang mampu mendukung aplikasi sensor radar doppler. Antena ini dirancang menggunakan antena mikrostrip dual beam yang bekerja pada frekuensi 10 GHz. Software yang digunakan untuk perancangan dan simulasi antena ini adalah Ansoft HFSS 10. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan menghitung dimensi antena sesuai rumus yang ada. Dimensi hasil perhitungan akan digunakan pada proses simulasi. Modifikasi dimensi antena digunakan sebagai cara untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimum dalam simulasi, kemudian dimensi optimum tersebut digunakan dalam proses pabrikasi. Spesifikasi antena yang dibuat memiliki karakteristik bekerja pada frekuensi 10 GHz dengan bandwidth 60 MHz pada VSWR ≤ 1,5, serta memiliki gain sebesar 12,42 dBi.
Otomatisasi Lampu, Tirai, dan Kipas Angin Menggunakan Mikrokontroler untuk Menghemat Energi Listrik
Authors: Lidiawati Wida , Pratomo Lia Muliani , - Waslaluddin , Hidayat Jojo
Published: April 2017

Kebutuhan energi listrik saat ini terus mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini disebabkan karena jumlah penduduk yang semakin meningkat dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Saat ini, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik, eksploitasi terhadap sumber-sumber energi berbasis fosil terus dilakukan padahal ketersediaan di alam semakin berkurang. Hal ini masih diperparah oleh pemborosan energi, baik yang dilakukan pada tingkat rumah tangga, perkantoran, maupun industri. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini, dilakukan otomatisasi pada perangkat listrik, dalam hal ini, lampu, tirai, dan kipas angin untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan energi listrik. Lampu yang digunakan berupa Light Emitting Diode (LED) dan pergerakan tirai serta kipas diatur oleh motor DC. Pada sistem otomatisasi dibuat rangkaian sensor dengan menggunakan Light Dependent Resistor (LDR). Tegangan keluaran dari LDR akan diolah oleh mikrokontroler untuk mengaktifkan aktuator, dalam hal ini LED dan motor DC. Dengan sistem otomatisasi, energi yang digunakan dapat dihemat 50%.
Desain dan Implementasi Duplekser dengan Metoda Pseudo-Interdigital untuk Uplink dan Downlink LTE
Authors: Sulaeman Enceng , Sulaeman Yaya , Hercuadi Asep Yudi
Published: April 2017

Duplekser merupakan perangkat yang dapat mengisolasi receiver dari transmitter saat keduanya saling berbagi antena yang sama, digunakan agar komunikasi bisa berjalan secara full duplex. Ada dua metode transmisi duplex yaitu frequency division duplex (FDD) dan time division duplex (TDD). FDD merupakan teknik duplex yang menggunakan dua frekuensi yang berbeda untuk melakukan komunikasi dalam dua arah, sedangkan TDD menggunakan frekuensi tunggal dan frekuensi tersebut digunakan oleh semua kanal untuk melakukan pengiriman dan penerimaan data. Gabungan dua bandpass filter dengan metoda pseudo-interdigital untuk aplikasi LTE (long term evolution). Metode ini lebih unggul dibandingkan duplekser dengan metoda hybrid. Duplekser bekerja pada FDD LTE band ke-7 yaitu frekuensi uplink 2500-2570 MHz dan downlink 2620-2690 MHz. Dari hasil pengukuran diperoleh sebagai berikut: nilai frekuensi center pada uplink 2639 MHz dan pada downlink 2659 MHz, insertion loss pada uplink 1,561 dB dan downlink 1,74 dB, bandwidth ±70 MHz, isolasi 23,03 dB, serta nilai return loss 23,5 dB pada uplink dan downlink 23,45 dB.
Sifat Optik Campuran Pasta TiO2 Partikel Nano dan Pasta TiO2 Reflektor pada Foto Elektroda Dye Solar Cell
Authors: Retnaningsih Lilis , Muliani Lia , Wiranto Goib
Published: April 2017

Dalam penelitian ini, kami mengamati pengaruh dari campuran pasta TiO2 partikel nano dan pasta TiO2 reflektor yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Senyawa TiO2 reflektor ini berfungsi sebagai lapisan penghambur, yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kinerja DSSC. Dalam penelitian ini, foto elektroda DSSC dibuat dengan mencampurkan bahan pasta TiO2 partikel nano dan bahan pasta TiO2 reflektor dengan rasio dari dua bahan tersebut yang telah ditentukan. Pasta pertama adalah campuran dari bahan utama dan bahan pencampur dengan perbandingan antara pasta TiO2 partikel nano dan pasta TiO2 reflektor sebesar 95% : 5%, pasta kedua adalah campuran dengan perbandingan 90% : 10%, dan pasta ketiga dengan perbandingan 85% : 15%. Pasta hasil campuran kemudian dilapiskan pada permukaan kaca konduktif yang memiliki dimensi konduktif sebesar 1 cm x 1 cm. Sel surya DSSC hasil proses pabrikasi kemudian diukur menggunakan I-V measurement system dan Sun simulator untuk mengetahui arus, tegangan, dan efisiensi yang dihasilkan. Lapisan foto elektroda DSSC diukur dengan menggunakan UV - Visible absorbance untuk menentukan karakteristik daya serapnya terhadap cahaya yang datang pada permukaan TiO2 hasil pencampuran. Kami juga telah melakukan pengukuran menggunakan alat SEM (scanning electron microscope) untuk mengetahui karakteristik permukaan hasil pencampuran kedua jenis pasta yang telah digunakan. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa DSSC hasil pencampuran pasta dengan perbandingan 85% pasta TiO2 partikel nano terhadap 15% pasta TiO2 reflektor memiliki ukuran partikel yang paling besar dan menghasilkan efisiensi yang paling besar pula.
Rangkaian Penyearah RF ke DC Bertingkat untuk Multi Frekuensi Kerja pada Sistem Pengisian Listrik Secara Nirkabel
Authors: Herdiana Budi , Wijanto Heroe , Hidayat Iswahyudi
Published: April 2017

Energi berkesinambungan untuk perangkat elektronik bergerak selalu dibutuhkan selama kapasitas penyimpanan energi dari baterai di perangkat elektronik bergerak tersebut terbatas untuk beberapa jam waktu pemakaian saja. Untuk mendapatkan waktu operasi yang panjang dari perangkat elektronik bergerak, sumber energi seharusnya dihubungkan selalu ke perangkat tersebut. Pada makalah ini, kami mengajukan metode pengisian energi melalui operasi nirkabel menggunakan gelombang mikro (RF) yang diradiasikan dengan multi frekuensi kerja di udara. Rangkaian penyearah dari RF ke DC merupakan komponen utama untuk mengubah gelombang RF ke arus elektronik (DC). Model Dickson digunakan sebagai pendekatan dengan keuggulannya antara lain rangkaian yang sederhana, faktor ripple DC yang rendah, dan lain lain. Desain, analisis, dan eksperimen dari rangkaian penyearah tersebut telah dilakukan dan dipaparkan pada makalah ini. Pada pengukuran, perangkat elektronik bergerak diletakkan dengan jarak sekitar 5 meter dari sumber energi, tegangan DC sebesar 3,7 V telah diperoleh pada frekuensi kerja 825-960 MHz dengan nilai PCE 12-33% dan faktor ripple sebesar ± 0.01%. Waktu pengisian energi sekitar 4 jam pada ruang percobaan dan sekitar 11 jam di luar ruangan telah diobservasi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, metode pengisian energi secara nirkabel untuk perangkat elektronik bergerak merupakan kandidat yang potensial untuk menyelesaikan masalah energi berkesinambungan dan mendukung sebagian program teknologi hijau.
Directional Coupler Frekuensi Radio Menggunakan Dua Jalur Asimetris Mikrostrip untuk Sistem Radar X-band
Authors: Hardiati Sri , Arisesa Hana
Published: April 2017

Directional coupler frekuensi radio (RF) menggunakan dua jalur mikrostrip asimetris dibahas dan dirancang dengan struktur planar pada substrat duroid 5880. Directional coupler yang diusulkan terdiri dari dua jalur mikrostrip dengan jarak yang relatif dekat. Oleh karena itu, sinyal RF dapat ditransfer dari satu jalur mikrostrip ke jalur mikrostrip lain. Directional coupler telah dianalisis untuk frekuensi yang beroperasi pada daerah X-band dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Advance Design Systems (ADS) dan berhasil dipabrikasi menggunakan proses pabrikasi standar. Dalam pengukuran divais ini, diperoleh koefisien coupling sekitar 20 dB untuk frekuensi operasional 9,2 sampai 9,9 GHz. Hasil pengukuran mempunyai suatu kesepakatan dengan hasil perhitungan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka directional coupler dapat digunakan untuk sistem radar X-band.
Pemandu Gelombang Optik Polimer pada Substrat Silikon Dioksida untuk Panjang Gelombang 1,55 µm
Authors: Mahmudin Dadin , Wijayanto Yusuf Nur
Published: April 2017

Cahaya dapat dirambatkan dengan efektif melalui pandu gelombang optik untuk aplikasi teknologi komunikasi. Pandu gelombang optik memiliki beberapa struktur seperti struktur melingkar (serat optik) dan struktur planar (pandu gelombang optik persegi).Serat optik pada umumnya digunakan untuk komunikasi jarak jauh dan pandu gelombang optik persegi digunakan untuk komunikasi jarak pendek. Dalam tulisan ini, dibahas pandu gelombang optik persegi dengan menggunakan bahan polimer pada substrat silikon dioksida untuk panjang gelombang optik 1,55 µm. Bahan polimer digunakan sebagai inti (core) dari pandu gelombang optik. Silikon dioksida dan udara digunakan sebagai selubung (cladding). Bahan polimer digunakan sebagai inti karena nilai indeks biasnya lebih besar dibanding material lain yang digunakan sebagai selubung. Analisis pandu gelombang optik dihitung dengan menggunakan software Wolfram Mathematica yang berdasarkan pada metode Marcatili dan persamaan Maxwell. Distribusi medan dan mode dispersi dari pemandu gelombang optik telah diperoleh untuk panjang gelombang optik 1,55 µm. Moda operasi dari pandu gelombang optik dapat dikontrol dengan mengatur ukuran panjang dan lebar dari inti. Analisis dan hasil pandu gelombang optik dibahas secara rinci.Pandu gelombang optik menggunakan bahan polimer pada substrat silikon dioksida dapat digunakan untuk rangkaian optik terpadu dan perangkat penginderaan optik.
Segredos intrafamiliares: violências psicológica e simbólica contra a mulher
Authors: SILVA Aline Romanini da , D’OLIVEIRA Mariane Camargo
Published: April 2017

A violação dos direitos femininos é uma problemática cada dia mais presente na rotina de inúmeras mulheres e, não raras vezes, desconhecida pelas próprias vítimas. Nesse sentido, indaga-se: a estratégia de ocultação da violência psicológica e simbólica intrafamiliar contra a mulher é fortificada pelo mecanismo do segredo? Assim, o objetivo geral é analisar os mecanismos que influenciam para a não visibilização do segredo intrafamiliar, a fim de verificar as razões que contribuem para o ocultamento das violências simbólica e psicológica no âmbito doméstico. É um estudo de caráter qualitativo e de cunho empírico, pois foi realizada uma coleta de dados de alguns Inquéritos Policiais, no período de janeiro de 2015 a março de 2016, oriundos da Delegacia de Polícia Especializada no Atendimento à Mulher de Cruz Alta/RS.
Uma proposição de um centro de infectologia em uma cidade de médio porte de Santa Catarina
Authors: JUNGES Lizandra Haeffner , DA ROS Marco Aurélio
Published: April 2017

O objetivo desta obra é desenvolver uma Tecnologia de Gestão baseada na lógica do cuidado em rede e na integralidade, com a criação de um Centro de infectologia em uma cidade de médio porte de Santa Catarina, a qual servirá como um facilitador ao acesso da Atenção básica de saúde até a Referência, denominada como Centro de Infectologia. Desta forma, além de facilitador, será também um capacitador e orientador da atenção básica, assumindo um papel provisório de centralizador das ações. Hoje, esta rede se encontra desarticulada da função de atenção básica e pode retomar seu papel e referenciar para a Centralidade e esta estará contrarreferenciando para não só a Rede Básica, também para a Gestão, sabendo que a atenção integral é processo e não um fim e que doenças deverão ser entendidas como determinadas socialmente não só com o enfoque restrito a medidas terapêuticas e preventivas.
The influence of hydrophylic polymers on the release rate of calcium dobesilate in hydrogel formulation assessed in vitro using porcine ear skin
Authors: Wojcik-Pastuszka Dorota , Lisik Anna , Twarda Maria , Berkowski Ryszard , Musial Witold
Published: April 2017

A shortage of available experimental data exists in the available bibliography on the release rate of calcium dobesilate (CD) from hydrogel formulations. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of selected hydrophilic nonionic polymers and anionic polymers on the release rate of CD from formulation provided for dermal application, as compared to the reference product in the market. The work utilized excised pork skin, while, Methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and anionic polymers (copolymers of acrylic acid) were used as CD carriers. The release study was executed by the pharmacopoeial paddle method, with extraction cells and fresh excised porcine skin as a membrane. CD in aqueous acceptor fluid was quantified by UV-VIS spectrometry at 300 nm. Subsequently, the kinetic curves were fitted to a zero-order kinetics model, a first-order kinetics model, a second-order kinetics model, as well as to the Higuchi model. The work saw that porcine ear skin influences the release pattern of the CD, compared to the artificial membrane. In the study, the evaluated formulations with MC, polyacrylic acid (PA) and polyacrylate crosspolymer 11 (PC-11) deliver over 60% of the active component (AC), within 250 min, through the excised porcine ear skin, to the acceptor compartment. Moreover, the release observed via porcine ear skin to the aqueous acceptor compartment is congenial to zero-order or first-order kinetics. In addition, the formulations prepared on the basis of MC and PA appear to control AC delivery, independently of actual concentration of AC.
Serum leptin concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Malecha-Jedraszek Arleta , Burska Agata , Matyjaszek-Matuszek Beata , Donica Helena
Published: April 2017

With the increasing importance of early type 2 diabetes (DM2) and obesity detection, it is useful to reevaluate leptin role in these conditions. Our study aimed at investigating circulating leptin concentrations in a group of patients with DM2, and at assessing in detail whether leptin concentrations correlate with selected biochemical, clinical parameters and markers of systemic inflammation in patients with DM2 and in healthy volunteers. In our work, we analysed samples and data drawn from 71 patients aged 61.4 ± 11.7 years, who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, as well as from a healthy control group (HC) consisting of 51 healthy subjects with a mean age of 57.8 ± 13.7 years. Therein, the concentration of leptin in the DM2 patients was significantly higher than in the HC (p < 0.01), with median value of 16.59 (IQR 8.58-33.39) ng/ml in the DM2, vs median value of 6.66 (IQR 4.52-21.40) ng/ml in the HC. In the analysis of variance, higher leptin concentrations were revealed in the DM2 group as compared to the HC, and this figure remained significant after adjusting for gender and age (p < 0.001). Moreover, it was independent of HOMA-IR (p = 0.003). However, the differences in leptin levels between the groups disappeared when additional adjustments for anthropometric parameters (BMI, waist circumference) were applied (p = 0.088). Beyond the aforementioned, significant positive correlations were found in the DM 2 group between leptin level and CRP (r=0.256; p < 0.05) and IL-6 (r = 0.345; p < 0.01). Among the selected variables, only gender and BMI were included in the predictive model explaining the variability of leptin, and, in total, were responsible for 72.6% of the original variation of the studied adipocytokine. The results of this study have led to conclusion that leptin may participate in the complex pathogenesis of DM2 and be a predictor of the development of this disease. As higher concentrations of leptin coexist with obesity, and this situation correlates positively with markers of inflammation (CRP, IL-6), leptin level, hence, should be considered in the pathogenesis of DM2.
The incidence of oral dryness in people over 65 years living in Lublin
Authors: Kamińska-Pikiewicz Katarzyna , Bachanek Teresa , Chałas Renata
Published: April 2017

Saliva plays an important part in naturally maintaining oral homeostasis. Dry mouth or 'xerostomia', is a serious problem connected with decreased saliva secretion which considerably limits the quality of life in elderly people. The aim of the study was the assessment of the subjective oral dryness in the oral mucosa in people over 65 living in Lublin, Poland. The study was conducted among 240 people aged 65 to 96. The patients were placed into two groups: I - 117 residents of nursing homes, II - 123 people living with their families. Assessment of the subjective oral dryness taking into account the place of residence, sex and drug administration was performed based on a questionnaire survey. In the group of nursing homes residents, 32.48% of the surveyed experienced subjective oral dryness, while among the seniors living with their families, 33.33% reported this kind of discomfort. The conducted analysis revealed that oral dryness was more common amongst women than men, and it can be very often a side-effect of administered medicine drugs.
Back pain and physical activity: Students of the Medical University of Lublin
Authors: Lis-Sochocka Marta , Chylinska-Wrzos Patrycja , Wawryk-Gawda Ewelina , Bulak Kamila , Jodlowska-Jedrych Barbara
Published: April 2017

At the present time, back pain and posture problems affect a growing number of young people. This is probably due to a changing lifestyle which has led to less physical activity. The aims of our study were to evaluate the prevalence of pain associated with the spine, as well as to ascertain the relationship of these symptoms with the degree of physical activity among a group of students of the Medical University of Lublin. The research group consisted of 301 students (201 women and 100 men) aged between 19 and 27 years. The survey was performed at the turn of the year 2014/2015.

Based on an anonymous questionnaires, we found that treatment and advice obtained at the faulty posture and/or orthopedic clinic benefited slightly more than 32% of all respondents. In this group, about 20% were women, while among men, it was a little over 12%. Physical therapy to treat back problems was also entered into by about 29% of the respondents, while 5% of students undertook such treatment very frequently. What is more, 89% of all respondents stated they regularly attend physical education classes. Moreover, more than 81% of all students surveyed practiced some sport, in this group - about 51% of the respondents stating so were women, and a little over 29% were men. Although medical students are a group of people with high health issue awareness, they are not deprived of problems related to the musculoskeletal system.
Therapeutic management of an injury of the upper incisor within complete root formation
Authors: Mielnik-Błaszczak Maria , Struska Anna , Rudnicka-Siwek Katarzyna , Warsz Magdalena , Stachurski Piotr , Pels Elżbieta , Wróbel Rafał
Published: April 2017

A 9.5 year-old patient, following an accident, suffered a comminuted lateral fracture of the root of tooth 21 at the neck level. The treatment consisted of immobilizing and maintaining tooth vitality. The presented case provides a basis for the conclusion that premature radical, surgical and endodontic actions should not always be performed.
A hierarchy in the family of real surjective functions
Authors: Fenoy-Muñoz Mar , Gámez-Merino José Luis , Muñoz-Fernández Gustavo A. , Sáez-Maestro Eva
Published: April 2017

This expository paper focuses on the study of extreme surjective functions in ℝℝ. We present several different types of extreme surjectivity by providing examples and crucial properties. These examples help us to establish a hierarchy within the different classes of surjectivity we deal with. The classes presented here are: everywhere surjective functions, strongly everywhere surjective functions, κ-everywhere surjective functions, perfectly everywhere surjective functions and Jones functions. The algebraic structure of the sets of surjective functions we show here is studied using the concept of lineability. In the final sections of this work we also reveal unexpected connections between the different degrees of extreme surjectivity given above and other interesting sets of functions such as the space of additive mappings, the class of mappings with a dense graph, the class of Darboux functions and the class of Sierpiński-Zygmund functions in ℝℝ.
Etching and ellipsometry studies on CL-VPE grown GaN epilayer
Authors: Puviarasu P.
Published: April 2017

The surface morphological characteristics of wet chemical etched GaN layers grown at different temperatures on (0 0 0 1) sapphire substrates by Chloride-Vapor Phase Epitaxy (Cl-VPE) have been studied using optical microscope. Significant surface morphology changes have been observed in correlation to the growth temperature and etching time. Also optical properties of the as grown and high-energy silicon (Si) ion irradiated gallium nitride (GaN) epilayers were studied using monochromatic ellipsometry. The effect of ion fluences on the refractive index of the GaN has been investigated and it has been found to decrease with an increase of ion fluence. This decrease is attributed to irradiation-induced defects and polycrystallization which plays an important role in determining the optical properties of silicon (Si) ion irradiated GaN layers.
Effect of electron beam injection on boron redistribution in silicon and oxide layer
Authors: Qin Shiqiang , Tan Yi , Li Jiayan , Jiang Dachuan , Wen Shutao , Shi Shuang
Published: April 2017

The behavior of boron redistribution in silicon with and without oxide layer after electron beam injection (EBI) was investigated. Special defect shapes were generated on the surface of bare and oxidized silicon wafers. Secondary ion mass spectrometer was used to measure the boron profile. The results showed that after long EBI time, boron tended to be induced from both sides of the transition region between the oxide layer and silicon. For the sample without oxide layer after EBI, boron tended to diffuse towards the surface and its concentration obviously reduced inside the silicon. The results of the study show the potential use of the process in removing boron impurity in silicon.
Investigation on optical, electrical and etching properties of 2-aminopyridinium 4-aminobenzoate: A phase matchable organic single crystal for optoelectronic device applications
Authors: Chandra L. , Chandrasekaran J. , Perumal K. , Babu B. , Jayaramakrishnan V.
Published: April 2017

NLO active 2-aminopyridinium 4-aminobenzoate (APAB) single crystals were successfully grown by the standard slow evaporation technique. The crystallinity of the grown crystals was analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic studies were also performed for the identification of different modes present in the compound. The UV-Vis absorption and transmittance spectra were recorded for the grown crystal and the optical band gap was calculated. Birefringence and etching studies were also carried out. The dielectric study showed that the dielectric constant decreased with an increase in frequency. The photoconductivity study revealed its positive photoconducting nature. Theoretical HOMO LUMO investigations were also made for the crystal. The relative SHG efficiency of the material was investigated by the Kurtz and Perry powder technique. The phase matching property of the crystal was studied through the SHG dependence of average particle sizes.
Morphologies of nanostructured bismuth sulphide and Mn (II) doped bismuth sulphide nanoparticles: characterization and application
Authors: Anasane Nishant , Ameta Rakshit
Published: April 2017

Different morphologies of bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized at room temperature using wet chemical method. The properties of bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3) nanoparticles can be controlled by different amounts of Mn2+ dopant. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques, such as high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The nanoparticles (Bi2S3) were found to have excellent activity for the UV light assisted decolorization of methyl violet dye and also helped to speed up the redox reaction of

Fe

(

CN

)

6

3
−

${\rm{Fe}}\left( {{\rm{CN}}} \right)_6^{3 - }$

and

S
2

O
3

2
−

${{\rm{S}}_2}{\rm{O}}_3^{2 - }$

. The reactions were monitored through UV-Vis spectroscopy.
A privacy-preserving parallel and homomorphic encryption scheme
Authors: Min Zhaoe , Yang Geng , Shi Jingqi
Published: April 2017

In order to protect data privacy whilst allowing efficient access to data in multi-nodes cloud environments, a parallel homomorphic encryption (PHE) scheme is proposed based on the additive homomorphism of the Paillier encryption algorithm. In this paper we propose a PHE algorithm, in which plaintext is divided into several blocks and blocks are encrypted with a parallel mode. Experiment results demonstrate that the encryption algorithm can reach a speed-up ratio at about 7.1 in the MapReduce environment with 16 cores and 4 nodes.
Four Centuries of Imperial Succession in the Comprador Pacific
Authors: Chang Jason Oliver
Published: April 2017

This article aims to open the discussion of U.S. imperialism and Chinese comprador intermediaries in the Pacific to an enlarged historical analysis of inherited empires. Beginning with the formation of trans-Pacific Spanish commerce and the specialized role of Chinese intermediary commercial brokers, I introduce the notion of the comprador Pacific as a historical framework to understand the succession of imperial states, overlapping racializations, and the maintenance of a territorial assemblage bridging Asia and the Americas. The figure of the Chinese comprador is centered as a social and cultural icon of the enduring material circuits of Pacific empires. The article combines a commodity history of silver with a social history of the Chinese middleman occupation, along with exemplary biographical vignettes of key figures involved in imperial succession in the comprador Pacific.
Aging human body: changes in bone, muscle and body fat with consequent changes in nutrient intake
Authors: JafariNasabian Pegah , Inglis Julia E , Reilly Wendimere , Kelly Owen J , Ilich Jasminka Z
Published: April 2017

Aging affects almost all physiological processes, but changes in body composition and body phenotype are most observable. In this review, we focus on these changes, including loss of bone and muscle and increase in body fat or redistribution of the latter, possibly leading to osteosarcopenic obesity syndrome. We also address low-grade chronic inflammation, prevalent in aging adults and a cause of many disorders including those associated with body composition. Changes in dietary intake and nutritional requirements of older individuals, that all may lead to some disturbances on tissue and organ levels, are discussed as well. Finally, we discuss the hormonal changes in the aging body, considering each of the tissues, bone, muscle and fat as separate endocrine organs, but yet in the continuous interface and communication with each other. Although there are still many unanswered questions in this field, this review will enable the readers to better understand the aging human body and measures needing to be implemented toward reducing impaired health and disability in older individuals.
Malestar familiar. ¿Tiene incidencia la pobreza infantil y juvenil en los resultados académicos?
Authors: Tahull Fort Joan , Molina Luque Fidel , Montero Plaza Iolanda
Published: April 2017

Este estudio presenta una descripción, análisis y reflexión sobre la pobreza infantil y juvenil. España enfrenta una crisis económica muy profunda, y las propuestas del Gobierno para abordar los problemas sociales consisten fundamentalmente en avanzar en el modelo neoliberal. Los alumnos van a la escuela, pero en muchos casos sus resultados son pobres, lo que hace que España presente un alto índice de fracaso escolar. La metodología incluye investigación bibliográfica, tratamiento de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos y entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un abandono escolar muy alto, junto con un número significativo de niños y adolescentes en situación de pobreza, lo cual permite establecer una relación entre pobreza infantil y juvenil y abandono escolar. El Gobierno centra su atención en la institución educativa y solo consigue desacreditarla; sus actuaciones y resultados son insuficientes. Por ello, la propuesta es que —junto con las autoridades e instituciones pertinentes— implemente políticas globales e integrales para abordar el problema.
La rebelión de las ruanas: el paro nacional agrario en Colombia
Authors: Cruz Rodríguez Edwin
Published: April 2017

Este trabajo analiza el origen y desarrollo del paro agrario de 2013, con base en el enfoque para el estudio de los movimientos sociales conocido como la “agenda clásica”. Si bien la crisis del sector agrario puede concebirse un desencadenante de la protesta, su magnitud y alcance no hubiera sido posible sin el respaldo de procesos organizativos como Dignidad Agropecuaria, la Mesa Agraria y Popular de Interlocución y Acuerdo y el Coordinador Nacional Agrario, los cuales aprovecharon las oportunidades políticas, articularon a su causa distintos actores sociales y políticos, y disputaron la construcción del sentido sobre los problemas del sector agrario. En la primera parte, se reconstruye la contienda política en la que se enmarca el paro agrario; en la segunda, se analizan las oportunidades políticas de la coyuntura, las estructuras de movilización y los marcos de acción colectiva.
Estudio al Estado de la Literatura de la Cultura Organizacional en la Administración Pública desde el enfoque de análisis de contenidos
Authors: Rodriguez Vasquez Maria Eugenia , Vergara Varela Rafael
Published: April 2017

Los estudios en las ciencias de la organización son más transdisciplinares hoy y se acompasan bajo la teoría de la complejidad, dada su dinámica. El presente artículo aborda dichos estudios desde el discurso directivo y, de manera transversal, desde la cultura. Asimismo, explica la connotación cultural del management y de la burocracia para contextualizar la figura del burócrata y del político en la organización. Luego de configurar los ideales de tipo weberiano, analiza el paradigma organizacional de la burocracia y del new public management, para posteriormente revisar y develar el estado de la literatura del objeto de estudio mediante el análisis de contenidos —técnica de los métodos cualitativos.