bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ninetyeast Ridge Magmatism and Pre India-Eurasia Collision Dynamics on Basement and Crust-lithospheric Structures of the Northeastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Rajesh S. , Majumdar T. J.
Published: November 2014

The coexistence of multifaceted geodynamical situation in the Northeastern Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal) lithosphere inspires to investigate the origin, present day orientation and gravitational stability of its basement, crust and lithospheric structures. The origin, evolution and the present day configuration of these structures such as the northward down dipping of the Bay of Bengal basement and its lithosphere, the Moho of the 85°E ridge, the formation of the Ninetyeast ridge median graben and ridge normal faults and their interaction with slow convergence and stress diffusion processes in the north Andaman trench, remain conspicuous. In this paper, we explain the above mentioned processes and the existence of the Bay of Bengal basement features through plausible tectonic scenarios that related with past time dynamics of the Indian Plate prior to the India-Eurasia collision and lithospheric thermal perturbation due to the Ninetyeast Ridge magmatism.

Our analysis on the basis of satellite altimeter-derived geoid, gravity, sediment thickness, basement undulation, isostatic and prospecting geoid anomaly; suggests apart from the enhanced Oligocene Himalayan erosion and subsequent increased sediment load, the gravitational stability of the basin load (like formation of ridge graben) was also affected by altering the basin rheology to inelastic, owing to the enhanced thermal perturbation by the ninetyeast ridge magma. This made the Bay of Bengal lithosphere rheologically weak. Pre India-Eurasia collision, fast movement and fast convergence of the Indian plate at erstwhile north Andaman subduction zone made the lithosphere relatively stretchable due to the prevalence of intra-plate extensional stresses. The NE-SW orientation of the Central basin depression and the northward (NE-SW) dipping of the Bay of Bengal (BOB) lithosphere are pointing to such a stretchable lithosphere and its remnants are present at the northeast of the northern Ninetyeast ridge, as observed from the low prospecting geoid anomaly. The presence of such a thermally altered, weak lithosphere as a subducting slab at the north Andaman trench caused the present day observed low convergence rate, lack of seismicity, as well as the cessation of fault rupture followed by the Great Sumatra Andaman earthquake of Mw (9.1) on 26 December 2004. The Ninetyeast ridge oblique collision with the north Andaman trench was presumed around Pleistocene based on the timing of abandonment of the Nicobar fan from the Bengal head fan. The discontinuity of the ridge along the oblique convergence zone of the north Andaman and its isostatic stability are mainly controlled by the subduction zone dynamics, unlike the 85°E ridge.
Structure, Stratigraphy and Magnetic Susceptibility of Bomdila Gneiss, Western Arunachal Himalaya, India
Authors: Sarma K.P. , Bhattacharjee S. , Nandy S. , Konwar P. , Mazumdar Nandita
Published: November 2014

Bomdila Gneiss (BG) of Western Arunachal Himalaya (WAH), a suite of felsic magmatic rocks of different components of Palaeoproterozoic age is hosted within the Lesser Himalayan Sedimentary Sequence (LHSS) and placed between the two notable thrust systems-MCT at the top of the structural level to the north and MBT at the lower structural level to the south. Both MCT and MBT are highly sheared ductile zone of high strain and the felsic batholith around Bomdila signatures the protolithic history as porphyritic granite. The BG is highly sheared, strained and displays a number of shear sense indicators like σ, δ, mica fish, stretch ribbon, S-C fabric, dislocation fabric and effect of mylonitisation. Stratigraphic status, magnetic susceptibility and whole rock geochemistry of BG have been studied to evaluate the tectonostratigraphy and nature of granite as ilmanite series (reduced type) and the related data sets are correlated as supplements with the redox state (moderately reduced type).
Active Deformations Extracted from Drainage Geomorphology: A Case Study from Southern Sonbhadra District, Central India
Authors: Singh C. K.
Published: November 2014

Since the Precambrian time the Narmada-Son Lineament (NSL) is a zone of weakness and both the northern and southern portions of Narmada-Son Lineament experienced vertical block movements. It is established by the earlier workers that NSL is a sub-crustal feature which is responsible for the deposition and folding of the Vindhyans (Meso-Neoproterozoic) and Gondwanas (Permo-Carboniferous-lower Cretaceous). Recent tectonic activity in the Narmada-Son region is evidenced by high heat flow thermal activity, sulphur springs and seismically the Narmada-Son Lineament region is known to be a significantly disturbed zone. The present study area is the part of Narmada-Son Lineament zone. The drainage geomorphology of the area between Kanahar and Rihand rivers (tributaries of the tectonically controlled Son river) around Renukoot area have been studied aiming to understand active tectonics of the region, integrating detailed analysis of landforms and drainages. Various geomorphic features present in the study area such as incision of valley, aligned drainage, aligned valleys, linear valleys, offset channels, offset ridges and fault scarps demonstrate that the area is undergoing active deformation.
Source Mineral for the Release of Arsenic in the Groundwater of Karanda Block, Ghazipur District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Saxena A. , Kumar S. , Goel P.
Published: November 2014

The Karanda block of Ghazipur district has areas with high content of arsenic in the groundwater. The maximum arsenic content of about 250 ppb is noted at Karkatpur village. To identify the source mineral for the release of arsenic in the groundwater at Karkatpur village, sedimentological, mineralogical and chemical study has been undertaken for the sediments up to the depth of 36m as there is no industrial source nearby. The groundwater is also chemically analysed. It is concluded that the source mineral for the release of arsenic in the groundwater is arsenolite (As2O3) in the sediments.
Deciphering of Groundwater Potential Zones in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Authors: Selvam S. , Magesh N. S. , Sivasubramanian P. , Soundranayagam John Prince , Manimaran G. , Seshunarayana T.
Published: November 2014

The present study was carried out to decipher the groundwater potential zones in the coastal terrain of Tuticorin using Indian remote sensing satellite IRS-1C, LlSS-III data on a 1:50,000 scale and Survey of India (SOI) toposheets. The thematic layers such as lithology, slope, land-use, lineament, drainage, soil and rainfall were generated and integrated to prepare the groundwater prospect and recharge map of the study area. These layers were transformed to raster data using feature to raster converter tool in Arc GIS 9.2 software. Subjective weights are assigned to the respective thematic layers and overlaid in GIS platform for the identification of potential groundwater zones within the area. These potential zones were categorized as ‘high’, ‘moderate’, and ‘low’ zones with respect to the assigned weightage of different thematic layers. The resultant map shows that 10% of the area has highest recharge potentials, this is due to the percolation of precipitated water into the sub-surface rocks, followed by 65% of the area with moderate groundwater recharge potentiality, and rest of the area has low recharge potential. The study highlights that the total average annual precipitated water (877 mm) is responsible for natural recharge of the aquifers in the Tuticorin area.
An exploratory study on the contribution of graduate entry students personality to the diversity of medical student populations
Authors: Marv˜ao Pedro , Neto Isabel , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Ponte Jos´e , Portela Miguel , Costa Patr´ıcio , Costa Manuel Jo˜ao
Published: November 2014

Studies conducted in medical education show that personality influences undergraduate medical students academic and clinical performances and also their career interests. Our aims with this exploratory study were: to assess the contribution of graduate entry students to the diversity of personality in medical student populations; to assess whether eventual differences may be explained by programme structure or student age and sex. We performed a cross-sectional study underpinned by the five-factor model of personality, with students attending three medical schools in Portugal. The five personality dimensions were assessed with the Portuguese version of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. MANOVA and MANCOVA analyses were performed to clarify the contributions of school, programme structure, age and sex. Student personality dimensions were significantly different between the three medical schools [F (10,1026)  = 3.159, p < .001 n2p = 0.03, π = 0.987]. However, taking sex and age into account the differences became non-significant. There were institutional differences in personality dimensions. However, those were primarily accounted for by sex and age effects and not by the medical school attended. Diversifying age and sex of the admitted students will diversify the personality of the medical student population.
Dynamics of quasiregular mappings with constant complex dilatation
Authors: FLETCHER ALASTAIR , FRYER ROB
Published: November 2014

The study of quadratic polynomials is a foundational part of modern complex dynamics. In this article, we study quasiregular counterparts to these in the plane. More specifically, let $h:\mathbb{C}\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ be an $\mathbb{R}$-linear map and consider the quasiregular mapping $H=g\circ h$, where $g$ is a quadratic polynomial. By studying $H$ and via the Böttcher-type coordinate constructed in A. Fletcher and R. Fryer [On Böttcher coordinates and quasiregular maps. Contemp. Math.575 (2012), 53–76], we are able to obtain results on the dynamics of any degree-two mapping of the plane with constant complex dilatation. We show that any such mapping has either one, two or three fixed external rays, that all cases can occur and exhibit how the dynamics changes in each case. We use results from complex dynamics to prove that these mappings are nowhere uniformly quasiregular in a neighbourhood of infinity. We also show that in most cases, two such mappings are not quasiconformally conjugate on a neighbourhood of infinity.
Sampling analysis in the complex reproducing kernel Hilbert space
Authors: LI BING-ZHAO , JI QING-HUA
Published: November 2014

We consider and analyse sampling theories in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) in this paper. The reconstruction of a function in an RKHS from a given set of sampling points and the reproducing kernel of the RKHS is discussed. Firstly, we analyse and give the optimal approximation of any function belonging to the RKHS in detail. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition to perfectly reconstruct the function in the corresponding RKHS of complex-valued functions is investigated. Based on the derived results, another proof of the sampling theorem in the linear canonical transform (LCT) domain is given. Finally, the optimal approximation of any band-limited function in the LCT domain from infinite sampling points is also analysed and discussed.
An analysis of trust in anonymity networks in the presence of adaptive attackers
Authors: HAMADOU SARDAOUNA , SASSONE VLADIMIRO , YANG MU
Published: November 2014

Anonymity is a security property of paramount importance, as we move steadily towards a wired, online community. Its import touches upon subjects as different as eGovernance, eBusiness and eLeisure, as well as personal freedom of speech in authoritarian societies. Trust metrics are used in anonymity networks to support and enhance reliability in the absence of verifiable identities, and a variety of security attacks currently focus on degrading a user's trustworthiness in the eyes of the other users.
LINEAR MAPS PRESERVING TENSOR PRODUCTS OF RANK-ONE HERMITIAN MATRICES
Authors: XU JINLI , ZHENG BAODONG , FOŠNER AJDA
Published: November 2014

For a positive integer $n\geq 2$, let $M_{n}$ be the set of $n\times n$ complex matrices and $H_{n}$ the set of Hermitian matrices in $M_{n}$. We characterize injective linear maps ${\it\phi}:H_{m_{1}\cdots m_{l}}\rightarrow H_{n}$ satisfying $$\begin{eqnarray}\text{rank}(A_{1}\otimes \cdots \otimes A_{l})=1\Longrightarrow \text{rank}({\it\phi}(A_{1}\otimes \cdots \otimes A_{l}))=1\end{eqnarray}$$ for all $A_{k}\in H_{m_{k}}$, $k=1,\dots ,l$, where $l,m_{1},\dots ,m_{l}\geq 2$ are positive integers. The necessity of the injectivity assumption is shown. Moreover, the connection of the problem to quantum information science is mentioned.
Stereotactic radiotherapy of orbital metastasis from malignant melanoma: a case study
Authors: Majewski Wojciech , Wydmanski Jerzy , Rokicki Wojciech
Published: November 2014

Objective:

Orbital metastases lead to many distressful symptoms.

Methods:

A case-report of a 44-year-old woman with a melanoma metastasis in the orbital cavity, is reported. A patient presented with headache, proptosis and diplopia. The stereotactic radiotherapy of 19.5 Gy in three fractions using CyberKnife was performed. Follow-up examination 7 months later revealed satisfactory local control of the tumour, alleviation of orbital symptoms with no negative impact on visual function.

Conclusion:

Stereotactic radiotherapy seems to be a safe and effective treatment of orbital metastases from melanoma.
Situating care in mainstream health economics: an ethical dilemma?
Authors: DAVIS JOHN B. , McMASTER ROBERT
Published: November 2014

Standard health economics concentrates on the provision of care by medical professionals. Yet ‘care’ receives scant analysis; it is portrayed as a spillover effect or externality in the form of interdependent utility functions. In this context care can only be conceived as either acts of altruism or as social capital. Both conceptions are subject to considerable problems stemming from mainstream health economics’ reliance on a reductionist social model built around instrumental rationality and consequentialism. Subsequently, this implies a disregard for moral rules and duties and the compassionate aspects of behaviour. Care as an externality is a second-order concern relative to self-interested utility maximization, and is therefore crowded out by the parameters of the standard model. We outline an alternative relational approach to conceptualising care based on the social embeddedness of the individual that emphasises the ethical properties of care. The deontological dimension of care suggests that standard health economics is likely to undervalue the importance of care and caring in medicine.
Designing for democracy?: an experimental study comparing the outcomes of citizen discussions in online forums with those of online discussions in a forum designed according to deliberative principles
Authors: Strandberg Kim
Published: November 2014

Democratic theorists often envision public deliberation as being essential to the working of democracy. Several scholars have also highlighted a potential for realising such deliberations on the internet. Consequentially, an emerging array of experiments in online deliberation has now been developed to achieve online discussions, which would be beneficial for democracy. However, few studies have yet attempted to compare the outcomes of online mini-publics to online citizens’ discussions in general. This article, thus, concerns an online experiment carried out in 2013 with the purpose of examining whether, and under which conditions, forums designed according to deliberative principles produce better ‘democratic outcomes’ – such as coherence of opinions, increased efficacy, trust, and propensity for civic participation – than online citizens’ discussions, which are ‘left to their own devices’. The study applies a post-test only, 2×2 factorial design, with a control group. In total,N=70 participants taking part in the experiment. The findings indicate that the effects of designing for deliberation were generally positive, albeit not for all of the democratic outcomes. In addition, methodological issues of relevance for the internal and external validity of the current experiment, which could be of relevance for future studies, are also brought forth.
Die „figürlich-ungegenständliche” gestische Malerei als Therapeutikum
Authors: Wichelhaus Barbara
Published: November 2014

Das breite Methodenspektrum für kunsttherapeutische Maßnahmen wird häufig nur ungenügend und nicht immer patientenbezogen genutzt. Die Gründe liegen u. a. in einseitigen Orientierungen mancher Ausbildungen, insbesondere in der geringen Berücksichtigung von künstlerisch-ästhetischen Potentialen kunsttherapeutischer Prozesse. Um diesen Aspekt verstärkt in den Fokus der Betrachtung zu rücken, auch in Kooperation mit anderen künstlerischen Therapien, wird die besonders vernachlässigte figürlich-ungegenständliche gestische Malerei als ästhetische Ausdrucksform in ihrer grundlegenden kunsttherapeutischen Bedeutung gewürdigt.
Understanding the conformation transition in the activation pathway of β2 adrenergic receptor via a targeted molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Xiao Xiuchan , Zeng Xiaojun , Yuan Yuan , Gao Nan , Guo Yanzhi , Pu Xuemei , Li Menglong
Published: November 2014

The conformation transition in the activation pathway of β2 adrenergic receptor was explored mainly using a target molecular dynamics simulation.
Intriguing cysteine induced improvement of the emissive property of carbon dots with sensing applications
Authors: Jana Jayasmita , Ganguly Mainak , Pal Tarasankar
Published: November 2014

Cysteine rescues the quenched fluorescence of alkaline DA to a significant extent, and thus provides a way for cysteine sensing. Further improvement in detection limit occursviaMHT treatment.
Assembly of a M4L4 “folded-cube” using a T-shaped, right-angled ligand
Authors: Elguraish Ismail , Zhu Kelong , Hernandez Leslie A. , Amarne Hazem , Luo Jingwei , Vukotic V. Nicholas , Loeb Stephen J.
Published: November 2014

A new bipyridine ligand based on a T-shaped 2,4,7-trisubstituted benzimidazole framework was synthesised. When combined with [Pt(dppp)]2+ corners, eight right angles (four metal and four ligand) combine to form a M4L4 cluster with an unusual folded-cube structure.
Convergent synthesis of degradable dendrons based on l-malic acid
Authors: Meyhoff Ulrich , Riber Ulla , Boas Ulrik
Published: November 2014

Dendron synthesis using malic acid derivatives in a stepwise manner leads to the preparation of polyfunctional dendrons, degradable by hydrolysis.
Expression of concern: Synthesis of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) via a tandem hydrocarboxylation/hydrogenation of poly(butadiene)
Authors: Wise Nicola
Published: November 2014

Expression of concern for ‘Synthesis of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) via a tandem hydrocarboxylation/hydrogenation of poly(butadiene)’ by Kelly M. Wiggins and Christopher W. Bielawski, Polym. Chem., 2013, 4, 2239–2245.
Luminescent lanthanide coordination polymers for photonic applications
Authors: Hasegawa Y. , Nakanishi T.
Published: November 2014

Luminescent lanthanide coordination polymers composed of lanthanide ions and organic joint ligands exhibit characteristic photophysical and thermostable properties that are different from typical organic dyes, luminescent metal complexes, and semiconductor nanoparticles.
Different mechanisms of ultrafast excited state deactivation of coumarin 500 in dioxane and methanol solvents: experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Cong Lin , Yin Hang , Shi Ying , Jin Mingxing , Ding Dajun
Published: November 2014

The effect of hydrogen bonding on the intermolecular photoinduced ICT and TICT processes for coumarin 500 has been demonstrated, and a reliable mechanism has been revealed to explain the unusual behavior of C500 in dioxane and methanol.
Formation, structure and electrochemical performance of nano-sized Li2FeSiO4/C synthesized with the co-incorporation of citric acid and glucose followed by a two-step annealing
Authors: Mi L. , Liu H. Q. , Tian R. Y. , Jiang Y. , Zhang L. N. , Gu X. H. , Guo Y. J. , Wang H. F. , Sun L. F. , Chu W. G.
Published: November 2014

Nano-sized Li2FeSiO4/C composites are synthesized using a simple recipeviathe co-incorporation of citric acid and glucose with various molar ratios followed by a two-step annealing.
Hydrophilic pore-blocked metal–organic frameworks: a simple route to a highly selective CH4/N2 separation
Authors: Kim Daeok , Lee Huen
Published: November 2014

Using the difference in the inclusion of CH4 and N2 gases in the hydrophilic pore-blocked Cu3BTC2, a highly selective CH4/N2 separation was achieved.
Metal-free oxidative coupling of amines with sodium sulfinates: a mild access to sulfonamides
Authors: Zhao Jinwu , Xu Jingxiu , Chen Jiaxi , Wang Xiaoqin , He Minghua
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of sulfonamides from amines and sodium sulfinates under mild, metal-free conditions was reported.
Functional superhydrophobic surfaces made of Janus micropillars
Authors: Mammen Lena , Bley Karina , Papadopoulos Periklis , Schellenberger Frank , Encinas Noemí , Butt Hans-Jürgen , Weiss Clemens K. , Vollmer Doris
Published: November 2014

Particle coated micropillar arrays having hydrophobic sidewalls and hydrophilic silica tops are fabricated, enabling the top sides to be selectively post-functionalized. The so termed Janus pillars remain in the Cassie state even after chemical modification of the top faces.
Multifunctional wettability patterns prepared by laser processing on superhydrophobic TiO2nanostructured surfaces
Authors: Li Huaqiong , Lai Yuekun , Huang Jianying , Tang Yuxin , Yang Lei , Chen Zhong , Zhang Keqin , Wang Xincai , Tan Lay Poh
Published: November 2014

An ultrafast laser technique is developed to construct a three-dimensional pattern with high wettability contrast on a superhydrophobic TiO2nanotube array surface for droplet manipulation and biomedical scaffold.
Electrically symmetric solution of the 3‐port H‐plane waveguide tee junction at the Dicke ports
Authors: Helszajn Joseph
Published: November 2014

The tasks of this study are to construct the eigenvalue diagram of the H‐plane tee junction, at the Dicke plane which has not been done so far and to introduce a new boundary condition together with a symmetric septum. The new boundary condition introduced here has the magnitudes of the scattering parameters of a symmetric wye junction. The eigenvalue diagram of this junction has a symmetric solution about the real axis of the diagram and has been identified previously. The trial solution adopted in the construction of the Dicke eigenvalue diagram has the reference planes in the main waveguide at the characteristic planes of the junction and that at the side waveguide at a position at which the angle of the reflection coefficient there is 90° out of phase with that of the transmission coefficient between the main and side waveguides. The new junction introduced here has been fabricated experimentally in WR75 waveguide. An Altman junction is separately realised for the first time and constructed.
Energy models for photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions: a comprehensive review
Authors: Batzelis Efstratios I. , Georgilakis Pavlos S. , Papathanassiou Stavros A.
Published: November 2014

The partial shading phenomenon and its implications on the electrical response and energy yield of photovoltaic (PV) systems have received increased attention in the last years. In order to study, foresee and mitigate such effects, several energy models are proposed in the bibliography, presenting different degrees of complexity, accuracy and applicability. This study presents an overview of the state of the art in the development of models for PV systems under partial shading conditions. Alternative modelling approaches are analysed, highlighting their advantages and shortcomings and models available in the literature are reviewed and classified according to important attributes, related to their accuracy and implementability. Current research trends, as well as topics that warrant further investigation, are identified and discussed.
The First AO Classification System for Fractures of the Craniomaxillofacial Skeleton: Rationale, Methodological Background, Developmental Process, and Objectives
Authors:   CMF Classification Group, Audigé Laurent , Cornelius Carl-Peter , Di Ieva Antonio , Prein Joachim
Published: November 2014

Validated trauma classification systems are the sole means to provide the basis for reliable documentation and evaluation of patient care, which will open the gateway to evidence-based procedures and healthcare in the coming years. With the support of AO Investigation and Documentation, a classification group was established to develop and evaluate a comprehensive classification system for craniomaxillofacial (CMF) fractures. Blueprints for fracture classification in the major constituents of the human skull were drafted and then evaluated by a multispecialty group of experienced CMF surgeons and a radiologist in a structured process during iterative agreement sessions. At each session, surgeons independently classified the radiological imaging of up to 150 consecutive cases with CMF fractures. During subsequent review meetings, all discrepancies in the classification outcome were critically appraised for clarification and improvement until consensus was reached. The resulting CMF classification system is structured in a hierarchical fashion with three levels of increasing complexity. The most elementary level 1 simply distinguishes four fracture locations within the skull: mandible (code 91), midface (code 92), skull base (code 93), and cranial vault (code 94). Levels 2 and 3 focus on further defining the fracture locations and for fracture morphology, achieving an almost individual mapping of the fracture pattern. This introductory article describes the rationale for the comprehensive AO CMF classification system, discusses the methodological framework, and provides insight into the experiences and interactions during the evaluation process within the core groups. The details of this system in terms of anatomy and levels are presented in a series of focused tutorials illustrated with case examples in this special issue of the Journal.
Observable-dependence of the effective temperature in off-equilibrium diatomic molecular liquids
Authors: Ninarello Andrea Saverio , Gnan Nicoletta , Sciortino Francesco
Published: November 2014

We discuss the observable-dependence of the effective temperature Teff, defined via the fluctuation-dissipation relation, of an out-of-equilibrium system composed by homonuclear dumbbell molecules. Teff is calculated by evaluating the fluctuation and the response for two observables associated, respectively, to translational and to rotational degrees of freedom, following a sudden temperature quench. We repeat our calculations for different dumbbell elongations ζ. At high elongations (ζ > 0.4), we find the same Teff for the two observables. At low elongations (ζ ⩽ 0.4), only for very deep quenches Teff coincides. The observable-dependence of Teff for low elongations and shallow quenches stresses the importance of a strong coupling between orientational and translational variables for a consistent definition of the effective temperature in glassy systems.
Air transparent soundproof window
Authors: Kim Sang-Hoon , Lee Seong-Hyun
Published: November 2014

A soundproof window or wall which is transparent to airflow is presented. The design is based on two wave theories: the theory of diffraction and the theory of acoustic metamaterials. It consists of a three-dimensional array of strong diffraction-type resonators with many holes centered on each individual resonator. The negative effective bulk modulus of the resonators produces evanescent wave, and at the same time the air holes with subwavelength diameter existed on the surfaces of the window for macroscopic air ventilation. The acoustic performance levels of two soundproof windows with air holes of 20mm and 50mm diameters were measured. The sound level was reduced by about 30 - 35dB in the frequency range of 400 - 5,000Hz with the 20mm window, and by about 20 - 35dB in the frequency range of 700 - 2,200Hz with the 50mm window. Multi stop-band was created by the multi-layers of the window. The attenuation length or the thickness of the window was limited by background noise. The effectiveness of the soundproof window with airflow was demonstrated by a real installation.
Dynamic conductivity of the bulk states of n-type HgTe/CdTe quantum well topological insulator
Authors: Chen Qinjun , Sanderson Matthew , Cao J. C. , Zhang Chao
Published: November 2014

We theoretically studied the frequency-dependent current response of the bulk state of topological insulator HgTe/CdTe quantum well. The optical conductivity is mainly due to the inter-band process at high frequencies. At low frequencies, intra-band process dominates with a dramatic drop to near zero before the inter-band contribution takes over. The conductivity decreases with temperature at low temperature and increases with temperature at high temperature. The transport scattering rate has an opposite frequency dependence in the low and high temperature regime. The different frequency dependence is due to the interplay of the carrier-impurity scattering and carrier population near the Fermi surface.
Enhancement of sound by soft reflections in exponentially chirped crystals
Authors: Cebrecos A. , Picó R. , Sánchez-Morcillo V. J. , Staliunas K. , Romero-García V. , Garcia-Raffi L. M.
Published: November 2014

The enhancement of sound inside a two dimensional exponentially chirped crystal during the soft reflections of waves is experimentally and theoretically explored in this work. The control of this enhancement is achieved by a gradual variation of the dispersion in the system by means of a chirp of the lattice constant. The sound enhancement is produced at some planes of the crystal in which the wave is softly reflected due to a progressive slowing down of the sound wave. We find that the character of the sound enhancement depends on the function of the variation of dispersion, i.e., on the function of the chirp. A simple coupled mode theory is proposed to find the analytical solutions of the sound wave enhancement in the exponentially chirped crystal. Harmonic and time domain numerical simulations are performed to interpret the concept of the soft reflections, and to check the analytically calculated field distributions both in good agreement with experiments. Specially we obtain stronger sound enhancement than in linearly chirped crystals. This sound enhancement could motivate applications in energy harvesting, e.g., to increase the efficiency of detectors and absorbers.
Computer Control of Drug Delivery by Continuous Intravenous Infusion
Authors: Parker Michael J. , Lovich Mark A. , Tsao Amy C. , Wei Abraham E. , Wakim Matthew G. , Maslov Mikhail Y. , Tsukada Hisashi , Peterfreund Robert A.
Published: November 2014

AbstractAbstract

Computer-executed algorithms can coordinate the output of pumps infusing drug and carrier fluid to reduce delivery lag time in vitro and in vivo.

Background:

Intravenous drug infusion driven by syringe pumps may lead to substantial temporal lags in achieving steady-state delivery at target levels when using very low flow rates (“microinfusion”). This study evaluated computer algorithms for reducing temporal lags via coordinated control of drug and carrier flows.

Methods:

Novel computer control algorithms were developed based on mathematical models of fluid flow. Algorithm 1 controlled initiation of drug infusion and algorithm 2 controlled changes to ongoing steady-state infusions. These algorithms were tested in vitro and in vivo using typical high and low dead volume infusion system architectures. One syringe pump infused a carrier fluid and a second infused drug. Drug and carrier flowed together via a manifold through standard central venous catheters. Samples were collected in vitro for quantitative delivery analysis. Parameters including left ventricular max dP/dt were recorded in vivo.

Results:

Regulation by algorithm 1 reduced delivery delay in vitro during infusion initiation by 69% (low dead volume) and 78% (high dead volume). Algorithmic control in vivo measuring % change in max dP/dt showed similar results (55% for low dead volume and 64% for high dead volume). Algorithm 2 yielded greater precision in matching the magnitude and timing of intended changes in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusions:

Compared with conventional methods, algorithm-based computer control of carrier and drug flows can improve drug delivery by pump-driven intravenous infusion to better match intent. For norepinephrine infusions, the amount of drug reaching the bloodstream per time appears to be a dominant factor in the hemodynamic response to infusion.
CLASS: Accurate and Efficient Splice Variant Annotation from RNA-seq Reads
Authors: Song Li , Sabunciyan Sarven , Florea Liliana
Published: November 2014

Next generation sequencing of cellular RNA is making it possible to characterize genes and alternative splicing in unprecedented detail. However, designing bioinformatics tools to capture splicing variation accurately has proven difficult. Current programs find major isoforms of a gene but miss finer splicing variations, or are sensitive but highly imprecise. We present CLASS, a novel open source tool for accurate genome-guided transcriptome assembly from RNA-seq reads. CLASS employs a splice graph to represent a gene and its splice variants, combined with a linear program to determine an accurate set of exons and efficient splice graph-based transcript selection algorithms. When compared against reference programs, CLASS had the best overall accuracy and could detect up to twice as many splicing events with precision similar to the best reference program. Notably, it was the only tool that produced consistently reliable transcript models for a wide range of applications and sequencing strategies, including very large data sets and ribosomal RNA-depleted samples. Lightweight and multi-threaded, CLASS required <3GB RAM and less than one day to analyze a 350 million read set, and is an excellent choice for transcriptomics studies, from clinical RNA sequencing, to alternative splicing analyses, and to the annotation of new genomes.
Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for secondary recurrent miscarriage: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Christiansen OB , Larsen EC , Egerup P , Lunoee L , Egestad L , Nielsen HS
Published: November 2014

Objective

To determine whether infusions with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) during early pregnancy increase live birth rate in women with secondary recurrent miscarriage compared with placebo.

Design

A single‐centre, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.

Setting

A tertiary centre for recurrent miscarriage in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Population

A group of 82 women with unexplained secondary recurrent miscarriage and at least four miscarriages.

Methods

Women were randomly assigned to repeated infusions with IVIg or placebo (albumin) from the time of positive pregnancy test to gestational week 15 or pregnancy loss.

Main outcome measure

Primary outcome was birth with neonatal survival in all randomised women.

Results

In the intention‐to‐treat analyses, live birth rates were 23/42 (54.8%) in the IVIg and 20/40 (50.0%) in the placebo group, relative risk 1.11 (95% CI 0.70–1.74). In a per protocol analysis, almost identical results were found. The median gestational length at delivery was higher in the IVIg than the placebo group (282 versus 272 days, P = 0.02) but the mean birthweight was not significantly increased.

Conclusions

In this trial, which is the largest so far, IVIg did not increase the live birth rate in patients with secondary recurrent miscarriage and the treatment cannot be recommended in clinical practice.
Numerical modelling of Quaternary terrace staircase formation in the Ebro foreland basin, southern Pyrenees, NE Iberia
Authors: Stange Kurt Martin , Van Balen Ronald T. , Garcia‐Castellanos Daniel , Cloetingh Sierd
Published: November 2014

The southern foreland basin of the Pyrenees (Ebro basin) is an exorheic drainage basin since Late Miocene times. Remnants of an early exorheic Ebro drainage system are not preserved, but morphology provides evidence for the Pliocene–Quaternary drainage development. The incision history of the Ebro system is denoted by (i) extensive, low gradient pedimentation surfaces which are associated with the denudation of the southern Pyrenean piedmont around the Pliocene–Quaternary transition and (ii) deeply entrenched Quaternary river valleys. Presumably since the Middle Pleistocene fluvial incision intensified involving the formation of extensive terrace staircase in the Ebro basin. Terrace exposure dating in major Ebro tributary rivers indicates climate‐triggered terrace formation in response to glacial–interglacial climate and glacier fluctuations in the Pyrenean headwaters. The overall (semi)parallel longitudinal terrace profiles argue for progressive base level lowering for the whole Ebro drainage network. The landscape evolution model, TISC, is used to evaluate climatic, tectonic and base level scenarios for terrace staircase formation in the Ebro drainage system. Model simulations are compared with morpho‐climatic, tectonic and chronologic data. Results show that climatic fluctuations cause terrace formation, but the incision magnitudes and convergent terrace profiles predicted by this climate model scenario are not consistent with the (semi)parallel terraces in the Ebro basin. A model including previous (late Pliocene) uplift of the lower Ebro basin results in rapid base‐level lowering and erosion along the drainage network, small late stage incision magnitudes and terrace convergence, which are not in agreement with observations. Instead, continuous Quaternary uplift of both the Pyrenees and the Ebro foreland basin triggers (semi)parallel terrace staircase formation in southern Pyrenean tributary rivers in consistency with the observed longitudinal terrace profiles and Middle–Late Pleistocene incision magnitudes. Forward model simulations indicate that the present Ebro drainage system is actively incising, providing further evidence for uplift.
Adverse childhood experiences and dental health in children and adolescents
Authors: Bright Melissa A. , Alford Shannon M. , Hinojosa Melanie S. , Knapp Caprice , Fernandez‐Baca Daniel E.
Published: November 2014

Objective

This study seeks to explore the how specific toxic stressors, specifically adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and their frequencies may be associated with tooth condition and the presence of caries.

Methods

Data from the 2011–12 National Survey for Child Health (NSCH), a nationally representative survey of child health, were used in this study. Pediatric dental health was measured using parent report of two characteristics: condition of teeth and having a toothache, decayed teeth, and/or unfilled cavities in the past 12 months. ACEs were measured by asking about a child's exposure to the divorce of a parent, parental incarceration, domestic violence, neighborhood violence, drug and alcohol abuse, mental illness, and financial hardship. Analyses were adjusted by sociodemographic characteristics, healthcare access and utilization, and comorbid chronic conditions.

Results

The presence of even one ACE in a child's life increased the likelihood of having poor dental health. Additionally, having multiple ACEs had a cumulative negative effect on the condition of their teeth and the presence of dental caries (Odds Ratios 1.61–2.55). Adjusted models show that racial and socioeconomic factors still play a significant role in dental health.

Conclusions

In addition to the known disparities in dental caries, this study demonstrates that there is significant association between childhood psychosocial issues and dental health. Preventive dental care should be considered incorporating the screening of multiple biological stressors, including ACEs, in routine dental visits as a means of identifying and reducing dental health inequities.
Social support and social network as intermediary social determinants of dental caries in adolescents
Authors: Fontanini Humberto , Marshman Zoe , Vettore Mario
Published: November 2014

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between intermediary social determinants, namely social support and social network with dental caries in adolescents.

Methods

An adapted version of theWHOsocial determinants of health conceptual framework was used to organize structural and intermediary social determinants of dental caries into six blocks including perceived social support and number of social networks. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 542 students between 12 and 14 years of age in public schools located in the city of Dourados, Brazil in 2012. The outcome variables were caries experience (DMFT ≥ 1) and current dental caries (component D ofDMFT ≥ 1) recorded by a calibrated dentist. Individual interviews were performed to collect data on perceived social support and numbers of social networks from family and friends and covariates. Multivariate Poisson regressions using hierarchical models were conducted.

Results

The prevalence of adolescents with caries experience and current dental caries was 55.2% and 32.1%, respectively. Adolescents with low numbers of social networks and low levels of social support from family (PR1.47; 95%CI = 1.01–2.14) were more likely to haveDMFT ≥ 1. Current dental caries was associated with low numbers of social networks and low levels of social support from family (PR2.26; 95%CI = 1.15–4.44).

Conclusion

Social support and social network were influential psychosocial factors to dental caries in adolescents. This finding requires confirmation in other countries but potentially has implications for programmes to promote oral health.
Recurrent drop attacks in early childhood as presenting symptom of benign hereditary chorea caused by TITF1 gene mutations
Authors: Rosati Anna , Berti Beatrice , Melani Federico , Cellini Elena , Procopio Elena , Guerrini Renzo
Published: November 2014

Drop attacks are sudden, spontaneous falls without loss of consciousness, followed by rapid recovery. Causes in children include severe epilepsies, movement disorders, cataplexy, and psychiatric disorders. We describe two children (a 3‐year‐old female and a 12‐year‐old male) with mild neuromotor delay and sudden falls appearing upon starting to walk. Extensive clinical and laboratory investigation was unremarkable. Twenty to 22 months after the onset of falls, both children developed subtle choreiform movements, affecting all four limbs, leading to frequent falls, at times causing traumatic injury. A heterozygous mutation of the TITF1/NKX2‐1 gene (14q13) was detected in both patients, allowing the diagnosis of benign hereditary chorea (BHC). Treatment with levodopa attenuated abnormal movements and led to disappearance of drop attacks. A diagnosis of BHC should be considered in young children with recurrent and unexplained drop attacks, especially if associated with neuromotor delay, even in the absence of choreiform movements.
Law and the Periphery
Authors: Kukovec Damjan
Published: November 2014

The Euro crisis brought to the fore a larger and hitherto invisible structural problem as to the relationship between the European Union's centre and its periphery. I am arguing that the concerns of the peripheral EU countries, of their workers and companies are difficult to argue in the existing ideology and that this contributes to the reproduction of the existing hierarchies in the EU. The ideology of the EU legal profession is one of the centre of the EU, and this importantly determines how harm is understood in EU law and which doctrines are present in legal thinking. For example, there is a presence of social dumping, but an absence of goods dumping in the EU legal vernacular. I argue that the centre‐periphery relationship is structured by legal entitlements, that the overtly political discourse of left and right is analytically insufficient and explain the phenomenon of conceptualism of contemporary legal thought.
The EU ‘Stress Tests’: The Basis for a New Regulatory Framework for Nuclear Safety
Authors: Álvarez‐Verdugo Milagros
Published: November 2014

Among the constitutional tensions at the heart of the European integration process, the relationship between ‘mainstream’ EU Law (framed by the Treaty on European Union) and Euratom Law has often been overlooked. Nonetheless, the EU's response to the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima provides an opportunity to revisit this relationship. This article specifically aims to highlight the dysfunctions of the prevailing understanding of the Euratom's provisions on nuclear safety matters as well as to identify, under a joint interpretation of all EU Treaties, how to develop a European nuclear safety regime that reinforces the compensatory role of EU law and contributes to enhance the EU's legitimacy.
Evidence for long timescale (>103 years) changes in hydrothermal activity induced by seismic events
Authors: Howald T. , Person M. , Campbell A. , Lueth V. , Hofstra A. , Sweetkind D. , Gable C. W. , Banerjee A. , Luijendijk E. , Crossey L. , Karlstrom K. , Kelley S. , Phillips F. M.
Published: November 2014

The pollen 14C age and oxygen isotopic composition of siliceous sinter deposits from the former Beowawe geyser field reveal evidence of two hydrothermal discharge events that followed relatively low‐magnitude (<M5) earthquakes of Holocene and late Pleistocene age along the Malpais fault zone in Whirlwind Valley, Nevada, USA. The observed 20‰ trend of decreasing δ18O over about a 5000‐to‐7000‐year period following each earthquake is consistent with a fault‐controlled groundwater flow system that, following initial discharge of deep and hot groundwater, contains increasing amounts of cool meteoric water through time. Model simulations of this hydrothermal system can only match trends in the isotope data if we include a thousand‐fold increase in fault permeability (from <10−14 m2 to >10−11 m2) following each earthquake. However, the timescale for onset of thermal convection implied by an overturned temperature profile in a geothermal well 300 m from the Malpais fault is much shorter: 200–1000 years. We speculate that individual segments of the Malpais fault become clogged on shorter timescales and that upward flow of groundwater subsequently follows new routes to the surface.
Frontier/Fronteira: A Transnational Reframing of Brazil's Inland Colonization
Authors: Langfur Hal
Published: November 2014

The following essay examines Portuguese and Brazilian understandings of the frontier as a term and concept applicable to Brazil's colonial history. It argues that Brazilian scholars often rejected the frontier as an analytical concept because of perceived excesses in its application to U.S. history. These reservations proved prescient, as their North American colleagues would come to share many of the same objections. In pushing the idea aside, however, Brazilian scholars sometimes overlooked the historical relevance of frontier incorporation during the colonial period. A renewal of scholarly interest in the subject points to a growing conviction that the colonial history of Brazil cannot be adequately rendered without close attention to internal territorial consolidation, whether or not the term frontier is used to describe this process. This foreign paradigm from the past century, one that never quite caught on among Brazilian intellectuals, has now been reshaped and rehabilitated.