bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Universities in the ‘Cultural Health’ of their Regions: universities' and regions' understandings of cultural engagement
Authors: DOYLE LESLEY
Published: October 2015

As Arbo and Benneworth (2007) have alerted us, higher education institutions are now expected not only to conduct education and research, but also to play an active role in the development of their economic, social and cultural surroundings. They call this the ‘regional mission’ of HEIs. This paper is concerned with cultural engagement. Research on universities’ cultural engagement in their regions and the impact of that engagement is still in its infancy, partly because there are different understandings of ‘culture’ and of what ‘engagement’ entails. In this paper, qualitative data from the reports of mixed teams of academics and regional administrators involved in a large international project designed to improve universities’ regional engagement are analysed and discussed. The on‐going study — PASCAL Universities' Regional Engagement (PURE) — investigates the role of HEIs in their regions across in a variety of fields such as the economy, community development, the environment and others. This article analyses the data from the study to identify the different perspectives universities and regions have of cultural engagement. The aim here is to demonstrate the value of PURE in facilitating the development of mutual understanding both between universities through a common language and between universities and their regions in respect of mutual expectations. For example, particularly difficult to de‐construct is universities’ engagement with disadvantaged communities (Doyle, 2007) but Powell's (2009) work suggests that universities might engage more broadly and effectively ‘through better knowledge sharing and co‐creation with business and community partners’ to become ‘real drivers of creative change in developing socially inclusive projects’. Others have written about the educational role of universities in developing a ‘lifelong learning culture’ in their region (European Universities’ Charter on Lifelong Learning, 2008).
The Research Evaluation and Globalization of Business Research
Authors: Saunders John , Wong Veronica , Saunders Carolyne
Published: October 2015

There is contrast between the surge in the quality of business and management research reported in successive Research Assessment Exercises and Britain's inconsistent contribution to the world's leading business and management journals over the last 40 years. A census of top journals since 1968 shows a relative decline of the English‐speaking peoples and a rise in the contribution from parts of Southeast Asia and northern Europe. Unlike the USA and the euro‐area, where the top researchers are mainly born and research trained in their own country, the UK's leading business and management researchers tend to be non‐locals trained outside the UK.
738. BOQUILA TRIFOLIOLATA
Authors: Christenhusz Maarten J. M.
Published: October 2015

Boquila trifoliolata (DC.) Decne. is described and illustrated from male and female plants cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Suggestions for its cultivation and propagation are provided and local names and uses are discussed.
742. STAUNTONIA CHAPAENSIS
Authors: Christenhusz Maarten J. M.
Published: October 2015

The occurrence of more than a single species of Lardizabalaceae in Thailand is confirmed and the second species, the Vietnamese‐Chinese Stauntonia chapaensis (Gagnep.) Christenh., is described and illustrated here based on the Thai specimens at Crûg Farm Plants.
Trade Liberalization and Welfare Inequality: A Demand‐Based Approach*
Authors: Tarasov Alexander
Published: October 2015

There is strong evidence suggesting that different income groups consume different bundles of goods. Hence, trade liberalization can affect welfare inequality via changes in the relative prices of goods consumed by different income groups (the price effect). In this paper, I develop a framework that enables us to explore the role of the price effect in determining welfare inequality. I find that trade liberalization does benefit some income classes more than others. In particular, I show that the relative welfare of the rich with respect to that of the poor has a hump shape as a function of trade costs.
Accidental Bequests: A Curse for the Rich and a Boon for the Poor*
Authors: Cremer Helmuth , Gahvari Firouz , Pestieau Pierre
Published: October 2015

When accidental bequests signal otherwise unobservable individual characteristics, such as productivity and longevity, the population should be partitioned into two groups: those who do not receive an inheritance and those who do. The first tagged group receives a Mirrlees second‐best tax schedule; the second group, when its type is fully revealed, faces a first‐best tax schedule. Receiving an inheritance makes high‐ability types worse off and low‐ability types better off. High‐ability individuals face a bequest tax of more than 100 percent, while low‐ability types face a bequest tax that can be smaller, as well as larger, than 100 percent, and it might even be negative.
Inflation Targeting and Inflation Uncertainty
Authors: Taş Bedri Kamil Onur
Published: October 2015

This article empirically investigates the impact of inflation targeting on inflation uncertainty. We implement PARCH and GARCH methodologies to model conditional variance of inflation. We also investigate the relationship between level and volatility of inflation to analyze the validity of the Friedman hypothesis for IT countries. We find that most of the inflation targeting countries have significantly lower inflation variances after inflation targeting. In most of the IT countries, the relationship is consistent with the Friedman hypothesis.
Varieties of capitalism, neoliberalism and the economic crisis of 2008–?
Authors: Heyes Jason , Lewis Paul , Clark Ian
Published: October 2015

This article examines the responses of national governments to the economic crisis that commenced in 2008. We argue that the current search for new bases for accumulation is leading to reforms designed to weaken the position of labour. Moreover, the tendency towards a weakening of labour's position was already evident across different ‘varieties of capitalism’ before the crisis erupted. We discuss the implications for comparative institutional analysis and stress the need for a renewed focus on the underlying dynamics of capitalist economies.
How a Two‐Step Approach Discloses Different Determinants of Voluntary Social and Environmental Reporting
Authors: Bouten Lies , Everaert Patricia , Roberts Robin W.
Published: October 2015

Abstract:  Previous research on the determinants of voluntary social and environmental disclosure assumes that the determinants underlying the company's decision to disclose and the disclosure level are the same. This paper addresses the influence of this assumption on: (i) the operationalization of the dependent variables; (ii) the estimation method; and (iii) the subsequent empirical results, using both a sample of listed Belgian and US firms. Overall, the findings suggest that not distinguishing between the determinants underlying the decision to disclose and the disclosure level may be misleading.
Are the anticipatory pathways in lecithotrophic larvae that delay metamorphosis adaptations? (A review)
Authors: Freeman Gary
Published: October 2015

During anticipatory development in lecithotrophic larvae that delay metamorphosis, the growth and differentiation of features of the adult action system continue to develop at a slow pace even though they do not become functional. After metamorphosis occurs, the larger size and advanced development of these components may allow juveniles to initially grow at a faster rate than they normally would. Anticipatory development has been demonstrated in archeogastropods, some solitary ascidians and a hydrozoan. In the gastropod Haliotis and the hydrozoan Phialidium anticipatory development increases the initial growth rate of juveniles. In Haliotis and ascidians all of the larvae of a given female that live long enough exhibit anticipatory development. In Phialidium, the ability of a given female to produce larvae that can exhibit anticipatory development is a maternal polymorphic character. In Haliotis and solitary ascidians that exhibit anticipatory development, it appears to be a slower version of the rapid developmental changes that occur in parts of the adult action system at metamorphosis. In Phialidium, developmental changes in relative sizes of the different presumptive regions of the polyp are slowly altered prior to and independently of metamorphosis. Anticipatory development is not linked to the decrease in the size or nutrient reserves of older larvae but to the length of their larval period. From an evolutionary perspective, the mechanisms that operate during anticipatory development are probably of adaptive significance for lecithotrophic larvae of species that spend variable amounts of time in the water column because of a patchy distribution of appropriate settlement cues. The developmental mechanisms that underlie anticipatory development may have been used during the transition from lecithotrophy to planktotrophy.
Artistic Creation and Intellectual Property: A Professional Career Approach
Authors: Alcalá Francisco , González‐Maestre Miguel
Published: October 2015

Reaching high levels of artistic creation in a society requires institutions that facilitate the sorting of the most talented individuals of each generation and the development of their skills throughout the artistic career. The impact of long copyrights is not straightforward in this respect. This paper takes a professional career approach to analyzing how copyright regulation affects artistic creation. It does so within an overlapping‐generations model of artists. Long copyrights increase superstar market concentration and can reduce the number of young artists being able to pursue artistic careers. As a result, in the long run, excessively long copyrights can reduce artistic creation, the average talent of artists, and social welfare.
Irreversible Investment in Stochastically Cyclical Markets
Authors: Ruiz‐Aliseda Francisco , Wu Jianjun
Published: October 2015

This paper studies entry and exit decisions in markets whose demand alternates between growth and decline phases at uncertain times. We introduce a stochastic process that captures these features of random market evolution, and we provide key mathematical results related to first passage times which make the characterization of entry and exit behavior quite simple and straightforward (even when the process is subject to an endogenously determined upper or lower barrier). We characterize entry and exit patterns in a dynamic competitive equilibrium, and we show why our results differ from those obtained if demand follows a diffusion process (e.g., a Geometric Brownian Motion). Despite the stochastic process of the underlying variable has a continuous sample path in both cases, we demonstrate in our setting that positive rates of entry and exit discontinuously fall to zero owing to informational overshooting. Another advantage of our framework is that it can explain discontinuities in firm values even if sample paths are continuous. Our framework is also amenable to empirical implementations (as we show using Corts’ 2008 offshore oil drilling application), and to an intuitive interpretation of optimal (dis) investment rules based on Bernanke’s (1983) “bad news principle of irreversible investment.”
Budgetary Sustainability in the Presence of Macroeconomic and Financial Market Instability: An Application to the Case of Belgium
Authors: VAN AARLE BAS , KONINGS JOZEF
Published: October 2015

This paper develops a stylized budgeting framework to analyze the effects of macroeconomic shocks and government bond market conditions on public finances. We focus on the impacts of primary fiscal balance shocks, growth, and interest rate shocks on budgetary sustainability. We consider the effects of financial sector bailouts, uncertainty about aging costs and instability viz. speculation in government bond markets. The framework is applied to the case of Belgium, where recently these issues have played an important role. A scenario analysis of budgetary adjustment under alternative hypotheses is carried out to analyze Belgian fiscal sustainability over the next 20 years.
Risk aversion, exchange‐rate uncertainty, and the law of one price: insights from the market for online air‐travel tickets
Authors: Arghyrou Michael G. , Gregoriou Andros , Pourpourides Panayiotis M.
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe argue that risk aversion driven by exchange‐rate uncertainty causes a wedge between the domestic and foreign prices of a homogeneous good. We test our hypothesis using a unique micro‐data set from a market with minimum imperfections. The empirical findings validate our hypothesis, as accounting for exchange‐rate uncertainty we are able to explain a significant proportion of deviations from the law of one price. Overall, our analysis suggests the possibility of a new solution to the purchasing power parity puzzles.
The Policies and Politics of Control: Countering Argentina's Uniformed and Unemployed Protesters
Authors: Norden Deborah L.
Published: October 2015

Like many new democracies, Argentina has struggled with contentious movements that have challenged its precarious stability. Two very different sectors have led particularly powerful opposition movements: the military—associated historically with the abuse of power—and the unemployed workers, with important support from prestigious human rights organizations. This article looks both at how the political standing of the sector (military versus civil society) influences policy choices and at how these policy choices influence whether opposition movements remain mobilized and contentious. It argues that situation-alleviating policies—those that successfully address interests of the sector as a whole—tend to be more successful in defusing contentious movements than policies relying on coercion, concessions, or co-optation of mobilized opposition groups. Situation alleviation depletes the contentious groups of possible recruits, while policies targeting the mobilized opposition may inadvertently motivate those actors to remain mobilized.
Transparent‐making Documents and the Crisis of Implementation: A Rural Employment Law and Development Bureaucracy in India
Authors: Mathur Nayanika
Published: October 2015

This article examines an attempt by the Indian state to render its developmental operations “transparent.” It does so by tracking the implementation of India's ambitious social security legislation, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (NREGA). NREGA is premised on the introduction of a vigorous transparency into a notoriously flawed state delivery system. On the basis of long‐term immersion in the everyday world of government offices in northern India, I argue that transparent governance is, quite literally, made by documents. An ethnographic focus on “transparent‐making documents” leads me to argue that they had the ironic and entirely unintended effect of making this particular developmental law extremely difficult to implement. I demonstrate my thesis on the crisis of implementation by attending initially to the overwhelming volume and forms of labor expected from lower‐level development bureaucrats to produce the transparent‐making documents. Subsequently, I turn to the kinds of work these papery artifacts were doing to argue that they were posing a hindrance to the regular working of the Indian state.
Gender equality, part‐time work and segregation in Europe
Authors: SPARREBOOM Theo
Published: October 2015

This article shows how both segregation by sex and segregation by hours shape the occupational space of part‐time workers. The level of segregation by sex varies according to the shares of full‐time and part‐time work in total employment, and the trade‐off between increasing the volume of female employment and decreasing segregation by sex is much stronger for full‐time work. The author argues that there is less segregation by sex in part‐time work than in full‐time work, and that it is the gap between the volume of male and female part‐time employment that determines the effect of part‐time work on segregation in total employment.
Behavioral responses of the parasitoid Melittobia digitata to volatiles emitted by its natural and laboratory hosts
Authors: Cusumano Antonino , González Jorge M. , Colazza Stefano , Vinson S. Bradleigh
Published: October 2015

Responses of macropterous females of the ectoparasitoid Melittobia digitata Dahms (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to direct and indirect cues emitted by its natural hosts as well as laboratory hosts were investigated using a Y‐tube olfactometer. To locate the nest of mud dauber wasps, Trypoxylon politum Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), and one of their inquilines, Anthrax spec., parasitoids exploit volatiles from the freshly built nest mud and the empty cocoon constructed by the wasps, as well as their meconium. However, the parasitoids did not respond to odors emitted by older nest mud or by the host stages that are attacked (T. politum prepupae and Anthrax spec. larvae). Melittobia digitata was not attracted to direct volatiles released by the dipteran hosts Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) (a natural host) and Sarcophaga bullata (Parker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (a laboratory host). Based on our results, we suggest that M. digitata adopts a ‘sit and wait’ strategy to locate mud dauber wasps, relying mainly on indirect host‐related cues: females search for nests that are under construction and once found, they wait inside the cell until the host completes its cocoon and releases meconium, an indicator that is associated with host suitability. No attraction was found to dipteran hosts, suggesting that parasitization of these hosts may be incidental, due to the broad host plasticity of Melittobia wasps.
Spatiotemporal programming of a simple inflammatory process
Authors: Kepler Thomas B. , Chan Cliburn
Published: October 2015

Summary:  Inflammatory processes are essential for recruiting leukocytes to the site of infection in sufficient numbers and for initiating adaptive immunity. Unresolved inflammation, however, can cause serious damage to host tissues and indeed is known to contribute to the pathology of many acute and chronic diseases. Leukocytes activated by pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) respond, in part, by secreting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and by shedding the TNF receptor, the latter process occurring with slower kinetics. We suggest that this pro/anti‐inflammatory switch is a simple program that helps ensure the resolution of inflammation. To examine this idea, we have developed a microsimulation model in which individual leukocytes with non‐trivial internal dynamics move in three‐dimensional tissues and interact with each other and with stromal cells through diffusing soluble factors, including TNF, the soluble form of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR), and the chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein‐1. By manipulating parameters in numerical experiments with soluble PAMP stimulation of varying intensity and duration, we elicit qualitatively distinct patterns of innate immune response and elucidate a key relationship between leukocyte density enhancement by chemotaxis and paracrine TNF signaling. By reducing the rate of sTNFR shedding, we induce massive unresolved inflammation, underscoring a potentially crucial role of sTNFR in controlling innate immunity.
Cellular automata‐based modeling program: synthetic immune system
Authors: Mata James , Cohn Melvin
Published: October 2015

Summary:  This article describes the functionality of a cellular automata‐based immune system simulator, which we call SIS (synthetic immune system). SIS is based on descriptive cellular states and rules that define transitions between these states to model an entire immune system. Through the use of this program, an immunologist can test the validity of a proposed model by observing how it responds to self and non‐self antigen. The output is then compared with the behavior of a real protective immune system, and the model can then be ruled as being adequate or inadequate. SIS‐I, the first version of SIS written, has been modified through the years and is now available on our Web site (http://www.cig.salk.edu/sis‐I/sis.html). Although SIS‐I has some flexibility, it has many hardwired values as well as a predefined keyword language for writing immune system rules. SIS‐II was developed from SIS‐I and allows the user to change more variables and to define keywords used within the program. Herein, we give an overview on how to use SIS‐I and SIS‐II, along with a future direction, SIS‐III.
Long lasting interstitial generalized granuloma annulare on sun‐exposed areas
Authors: Andreu‐Barasoain Marta , Gómez de la Fuente Enrique , Pinedo Fernando , Gamo‐Villegas Reyes , Sánchez‐Gilo Araceli , López‐Estebaranz Jose Luis
Published: October 2015

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign inflammatory dermatosis of unknown etiology and chronic course, with different clinical variants. The cases associated with a photodistributed pattern are rare and show a palisading histopathological pattern. We report a case of generalized GA affecting sun‐exposed areas with an interstitial pattern. The patient has been followed‐up for 6 years, presenting a recurrent course of the disease, with a good response to chloroquine and relapse when no treatment was prescribed.
The fight for universalism: Cuts, targeting and the future of welfare
Authors: Horton Tim
Published: October 2015

With lively debate on both sides of the political divide on the future of universal benefits and services, Tim Horton analyses the Coalition's approach to reforming the welfare state, and provides a fresh examination of why universalism matters, looking at how the UK currently compares with other welfare states.
RECONSIDERING THE DISPOSITIONAL BASIS OF COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR: THE ROLE OF ABERRANT PERSONALITY
Authors: WU JANE , LEBRETON JAMES M.
Published: October 2015

Interest in the study of aberrant behaviors has coincided with widely publicized scandals involving unethical behaviors of individuals in organizations. Consequently, the literature in the organizational sciences has been increasingly focused on counterproductive and deviant behaviors such as aggression, sabotage, or theft and how individual differences can predict such behaviors. As such, research linking personality to counterproductive work behaviors has grown substantially over the last 10 years. However, the majority of this research has relied on traditional personality traits as the dispositional antecedents of such counterproductive behaviors (e.g., the global traits comprising the five factor model). A different yet possibly fruitful framework with which to examine the link between individual differences and counterproductive work behaviors is through the use of aberrant personality traits. The importance of focusing attention on aberrant traits in relation to counterproductive work behaviors is highlighted through a review of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, followed by a variety of research hypotheses designed to spur future research in these and related areas.
Understanding Environmental Public Opinion by Dimension: How Heuristic Processing Mitigates High Information Costs on Complex Issues
Authors: RUGELEY CYNTHIA R. , GERLACH JOHN DAVID
Published: October 2015

Public opinion matters in environmental policy making. This study examines how individuals form opinions on three distinct environmental topics—climate change, the importance of environmental protection relative to job creation, and wilderness protection. Previous research focusing on environmental concern has yielded conflicting or inconclusive results. We argue that how citizens form attitudes within the environmental domain varies across environmental dimensions and that high information costs cause citizens to engage in heuristic processing to form their opinions. We empirically test our hypothesis by analyzing original data collected from the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey. We find that with more complex issues, citizens rely on familiar shortcuts such as party identification, ideology, and the media. With less complex issues, demographic factors are predictors of attitudes, lending support to arguments that citizens use familiar shortcuts when processing political and policy information.

Related Articles

Ripberger, Rabovsky, and Herron. 2011. “Public Opinion and Nuclear Zero: A Domestic Constraint on Ditching the Bomb.”

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00327.x/abstract

Elliott‐Teague. 2011. “Public Interests and the Development of Tanzanian Environmental Policy.”

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00318.x/abstract

La opinión publica importa al hacer políticas ambientales. Este estudio examina cómo los individuos forman opiniones sobre tres temas ambientales distintos—cambio climático, la importancia del cuidado ambiental respecto a la creación de empleos, y la protección de la vida salvaje. Investigaciones pasadas enfocadas en el cuidado ambiental han producido resultados contradictorios o inconclusos. Nosotros argumentamos que la forma en la que los ciudadanos forman posturas dentro del ámbito ambiental varía a través de las distintas dimensiones ambientales y que altos costos de información causa que los ciudadanos usen reglas heurísticas para procesar la información y formar su opinión. Ponemos a prueba nuestra hipótesis analizando información obtenida del 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey. Encontramos que para temas más complejos los ciudadanos se basan en medios familiares como identificación partidaria, ideología y medios de comunicación. Para temas menos complejos, los factores demográficos pueden predecir las posturas, dando soporte a argumentos que sostienen que los ciudadanos usan atajos familiares para procesar información política y sobre políticas públicas.
The Telescoping Effects of Public Campaign Funding: Evaluating the Impact of Clean Elections in Arizona, Maine, and New Jersey
Authors: BROGAN MICHAEL J. , MENDILOW JONATHAN
Published: October 2015

Supporters of public campaign funding say it democratizes the election process; detractors say it fails to meet its intended goals and, in fact, has unexpected negative results. Examining data from Arizona and Maine, which have full public funding, and from New Jersey's “Clean Election” pilot program, has enabled us to determine empirically if critics are correct. We conclude that neither advocates of Clean Elections nor its detractors are completely accurate. Rather, public campaign funding enhances trends that already existed where it was implemented without sparking new ones.

Related Articles

Werfel. 2008. “A Modern Paradigm for Campaign Finance: Economic Markets and Lessons from History.”

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00353.x/abstract

Reid and Moog. 2011. “Voter Information, Voter Participation, and the North Carolina Judicial Election Reforms: The Views of the Voters.”

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00353.x/abstract

Partidarios del financiamiento público de las campañas sostienen que democratiza el proceso electoral; los detractores sostienen que no cumple con sus metas previstas y que de hecho, tiene resultados negativos inesperados. Al examinar datos de Arizona y Maine, que cuentan con financiamiento público total, y del programa piloto de New Jersey “Elecciones Limpias,” nos ha permitido determinar empíricamente si los críticos están en lo correcto. Concluimos que ni los defensores de Elecciones Limpias ni sus detractores son completamente acertados. Más bien, el financiamiento público de las campañas mejora tendencias ya existentes donde es implementado, sin crear otras nuevas.
Governance and Democratization since the 2008 Financial Crisis
Authors: Luckhurst Jonathan
Published: October 2015

This conclusion to the special issue on governance, democratization, and the world economic crisis argues the special significance of the latter for contemporary trends in development and democratization. Crises can encourage policy makers and societies to reconsider important aspects of governance, indeed this can be a beneficial consequence if the right lessons are learned. Major international economic crises can thus undermine existing conventional wisdom, which has been the case recently and also after the Great Depression. Unfortunately, the lessons of the 1990s Asian financial crisis were learnt mainly by countries in that region, otherwise current crises in the transatlantic region might have been prevented. In this concluding article, I analyze the linkage between the crisis in Asia and the post‐Lehman events. I also examine how new strategies of economic governance hold new solutions, plus I demonstrate how specific contexts of democratization have been affected by the recent economic crisis.

Related Articles in this Politics & Policy Special Issue:

Luckhurst and Zavala de Alba. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 735‐739. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00388.x/abstract

Related Media: Film Clip

“.” 2010. Charles Ferguson. Sony Pictures Classics. http://www.sonyclassics.com/insidejob/

Como conclusión a la edición especial gobernanza, democratización y la crisis económica mundial, este artículo argumenta la especial significancia de esta última en las tendencias recientes en desarrollo y democratización. Las crisis pueden alentar a los legisladores y las sociedades a reconsiderar aspectos importantes de la gobernanza; de hecho, esta puede ser una consecuencia positiva si las lecciones correctas son aprendidas. Crisis económicas internacionales de grandes dimensiones pueden debilitar la sabiduría popular, como ha sido el caso recientemente y también después de la Gran Depresión. Desafortunadamente las lecciones de la crisis financiera Asiática de la década de 1990 fueron aprendidas principalmente sólo por los países de la región; de lo contrario, las crisis transatlánticas recientes pudieron haber sido prevenidas. En este artículo final analizo los vínculos entre la crisis Asiática y los eventos post‐Lehman, También examino cómo nuevas estrategias de gobernanza económica guardan nuevas soluciones, además demuestro cómo diferentes contextos de democratización han sido afectados por la crisis económica reciente.
Transition to Crisis in Hungary: Whistle‐Blowing on the Naked Emperor
Authors: Palonen Emilia
Published: October 2015

This article investigates Hungary, a new democracy in East‐Central Europe and a whistle‐blower in the recent world economic crisis. A dramatic budget deficit was revealed after the elections of 2006 when the prime minister admitted the government had “lied day and night.” The “transition to democracy” was a result of round‐table talks that brought liberal economic reforms and recently resulted in a crisis of democracy. Revealing the emperor naked, as in the case of Prime Minister Gyurcsány in 2006, reinforced the doubts concerning the functioning of the strongly polarized liberal system that the current government is trying to reshape. However, these recent developments are “nothing new” in Hungary, it received financial aid from the International Monetary Fund in 1982, and in 1989 the power‐holding government lied concerning its budget deficit. Similar to the pre‐1989 era, freedom of speech continues to be restricted, and there is a strong government intervention through the public sector.

Related Articles in this Politics & Policy Special Issue:

. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 735‐739. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00388.x/abstract

Cerda Becker and Cuevas Valenzuela. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 904‐929. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00380.x/abstract

. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 871‐903. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00381.x/abstract

Related Media:

2006.”
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Gyurcsány%27s_speech_in_Balatonőszöd_in_May_2006

Este artículo discute a Hungría, una nueva democracia en el Centro‐Este de Europa y un delator en la reciente crisis económica mundial. Un dramático déficit fiscal fue revelado la noche de las elecciones del 2006 cuando el primer ministro admitió que el gobierno había “mentido día y noche.” La “transición a la democracia” fue el resultado de negociaciones que produjeron reformas económicas y recientemente resultaron en una crisis a la democracia. Revelar al Primer Ministro Gyurcsány en el 2006 reforzó las dudas sobre el funcionamiento del severamente polarizado sistema democrático que el gobierno actual está tratando de reestructurar. Sin embargo, estos acontecimientos no son “nada nuevo” en Hungría, en 1982 recibió ayuda financiera del Fondo Monetario Internacional y en 1989 el gobierno en el poder mintió sobre su déficit fiscal. Similar a la era previa a 1989, la libertad de expresión está siendo restringida y hay una fuerte intervención del gobierno en el sector público.
Policy Domain‐Specific Ideology: When Interest Group Scores Offer More Insight
Authors: Anderson Sarah E.
Published: October 2015

Scholars have long argued over the dimensionality of legislative voting. Using scores from ten groups, this research note shows that analysis of even basically unidimensional voting can benefit from consideration of domain‐specific ideology. Although correlations between interest group scores and DW‐NOMINATE—the most widely used measure of congressional ideology—are generally high, I find several areas of concern. First, correlations have increased over time, suggesting a need for caution when using the more general scores for historical analysis. Second, the policy‐specific interest group scores differ substantially on aggregate measures, such as the location of the median, that political scientists use to test models of the political process. Third, at least one policy area where party is crosscutting, agriculture, is not well captured by NOMINATE scores. This research note concludes with an example of how the use of domain‐specific group scores can shed light on the role of party and constituency in voting.
Development, Expansion, and Use of a Stroke Clinical Trials Resource for Novel Exploratory Analyses
Authors: Ali Myzoon , Bath Philip , Brady Marian , Davis Stephen , Diener Hans-Christoph , Donnan Geoffrey , Fisher Marc , Hacke Werner , Hanley Daniel F. , Luby Marie , Tsivgoulis G. , Wahlgren Nils , Warach Steven , Lees Kennedy R. ,   the VISTA Steering Committees
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Analysis of reliable registry data can direct future research to influence clinical care. Data from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive have been used to test hypotheses and inform trial design. We sought to expand Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive into a broader stroke resource with new opportunities for research and international collaboration.

Methods

Using procedures initially developed for an acute stroke trial archive, we invited trialists to lodge data on rehabilitation, secondary prevention, intracerebral haemorrhage, imaging, and observational stroke studies.

Results

We have extended Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive into six subsections: Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Acute ( n = 28 190 patients’ data), Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Rehab ( n = 10 194), Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-intracerebral haemorrhage ( n = 1829), Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Prevention, Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Imaging ( n = 1300), and Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Plus ( n = 6573). Enrollment continues, with commitments for the contribution of six further trials to Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Prevention, 13 trials to Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Rehab, and one registry to Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Plus. Data on age, type of stroke, medical history, outcomes by modified Rankin scale and Barthel Index (BI), mortality, and adverse events are available for analyses. The Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive network encourages the development of young investigators and provides opportunities for international peer review and collaboration.

Conclusions

Application of the original Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive concepts beyond acute stroke trials can extend the value of clinical research at low cost, without threatening commercial or intellectual property interests. This delivers valuable research output to inform the efficiency of future stroke research. We invite stroke researchers to participate actively in Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive and encourage the extension of Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive principles to other disease areas.
Applying Bioethical Principles to Place-Based Communities and Cultural Group Protections: The Case of Biomonitoring Results Communication
Authors: Quigley Dianne
Published: October 2015

Individual research protections provided by bioethical principles can be extended to group protections, particularly for place-based (geographic) communities and cultural groups who may share a common harm or burden. In this article, an argument is made for the need to consider the group conditions of individual research subjects in the ethics of individual report-backs of human biomonitoring results. Human biomonitoring, the measuring of concentration of chemicals or their metabolites in blood, urine, breast milk, hair, and other biological samples, can provide an assessment of an individual's exposure to a chemical(s) and can integrate exposures from multiple pathways and sources. Biomonitoring studies have been increasing in the past decade for such purposes as measuring the levels of chemicals that are ingested by members of the general population and at what concentrations, to determine if exposure levels are higher in some groups vs. others, to track temporal trends to establish reference ranges for chemical exposures, and to investigate an association with health.
Market-Based Reforms in Health Care are Both Practical and Morally Sound
Authors: Taylor James Stacey
Published: October 2015

Markets have long had a whiff of sulphur about them. Plato condemned innkeepers, whose pursuit of profit he believed led them to take advantage of their customers, Aristotle believed that the pursuit of profit was indicative of moral debasement, and Cicero held that retailers are typically dishonest as this was the only path to gain. And even those who are more favorably disposed towards markets in general are frequently inclined to be suspicious of markets in medical goods and services. For example, Margaret Thatcher (to take someone far removed — in many respects! — from Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero) supported the legal prohibition of markets in kidneys despite being arguably the most pro-market Prime Minister the United Kingdom saw in the 20th century.
Currents in Contemporary Bioethics
Authors: McGuire Amy L. , Wang Melody J. , Probst Frank J.
Published: October 2015

Increasingly, genomic analysis is being utilized to diagnose children with developmental delay or dysmorphic facial features suggestive of a congenital disorder. Genetic testing has rapidly evolved, and the genome-wide tests that we use today are significantly different from the more targeted single-gene tests of the last decade. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is now a first line test for children with multiple birth defects, children with intellectual impairment (including autism), and children with an unusual constellation of symptoms that do not fit with a known disease. There are three types of CMA that are currently clinically available. CMA by oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) compares the hybridization signal from the patient's DNA to that of a reference DNA sample for each oligonucleotide on the array. Depending on the specific array, this can range from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of oligonucleotides.
Teaching Is a Natural Cognitive Ability for Humans
Authors: Strauss Sidney , Ziv Margalit
Published: October 2015

We suggest that a multidisciplinary approach to teaching has potential to widen its scope. In that vein, we revisit our original claim that teaching is a natural cognitive ability among humans. We elaborate on three requirements for such an ability and report that, first, teaching strategies may be developmentally reliable. Findings indicate a possible normative developmental trajectory from age one year through adulthood. Second, teaching seems to be species‐typical, that is, it is a universal human achievement. Third, human teaching with a theory of mind (ToM) is species‐unique. Nonhuman animals may teach without a ToM.
The Dynamics of Metaphors: Class‐Inclusion or Comparison?
Authors: Drunkenmölle Tomas
Published: October 2015

In current literature, metaphor is treated as either an instance of implicit comparison or as a nonliteral class‐inclusion statement. I will argue that, contrary to these positions, the notions of comparison and class‐inclusion are not mutually exclusive in character but rather complementary cognitive concepts which entail one another. While initially using the semantic distinction between literal and figurative language, I will argue in the course of this article that metaphor is a matter of extraordinary rather than ordinary language and that it reflects linguistic pragmatics rather than semantics. The most prominent reasons for resorting to the extraordinary use of language may be found in education, where metaphor serves a heuristic function in the interaction between teacher and student, and in scientific activities, when researchers have at their disposal only a restricted dictionary to describe new phenomena. Executive function, flashbulb memory, and the firing of neurons are examples from cognitive psychology and neuroscience that denominate phenomena that might otherwise not have been adequately expressed. I will conclude that metaphors are both comparisons as well as class‐inclusion statements and that these tropes fulfill not only a heuristic but also an epistemic function in as much as they render comprehensible the acquisition of radically new knowledge.
Physical Capital and the Embodied Nature of Income Inequality: Gender Differences in the Effect of Body Size on Workers’ Incomes in Canada
Authors: Perks Thomas
Published: October 2015

Cette étude évalue les effets des dimensions du corps – mesurées en utilisant l'index de la masse corporelle – sur le maximum de revenus atteint par les travailleuses et travailleurs au Canada. En utilisant les données d'un échantillon national représentatif des Canadiens, des analyses factorielles montrent que le rapport entre la masse corporelle et le revenu est négatif dans le cas des travailleuses, tandis que dans le cas des travailleurs ce rapport est positif et non‐linéaire. L’étude est basée sur le concept de capital physique défini par Bourdieu et sur le développement de ce concept réalisé par Shilling. On y démontre que ces résultats représentent l'importance relative de la grandeur corporelle dans la production et perpétuation des inégalités des revenus au Canada.

This study assesses the effects of body size—measured using the body mass index—on the income attainment of female and male workers in Canada. Using data from a national representative sample of Canadians, multivariate analyses show that, for female workers, the body size‐income relationship is negative. However, for male workers, the body size‐income relationship is positive and nonlinear. Using Bourdieu's conceptualization of physical capital, and Shilling's extension of it, it is argued that these results are suggestive of the relative importance of body size to the production and continuation of gender income inequality in Canada.
De l'institutionnalisation d'une forme culturelle à la structuration de l'espace de formation professionnelle: le cas du cirque en France
Authors: Salaméro Emilie , Haschar‐Noé Nadine
Published: October 2015

In France, the institutionalization of circus, widely sustained by the state, has extended to circus schools, some of which having proposed an apprenticeship of the profession of artist. Here we study the effects of such an endeavor toward respectability of this cultural form on the professional socialization of the circus apprentices. We notice a dual structuration process of the space of apprenticeship from the top (the state) and the bottom (the schools). Given the early stage of this space, all the schools are gradually constrained by a rationale of permanent adjustment to the contest of the professional socialization.
Coastal conflicts and reciprocal relations: Encounters between Yolngu people and commercial fishermen in Blue Mud Bay, north‐east Arnhem Land
Authors: Barber Marcus
Published: October 2015

For centuries, the residents of Blue Mud Bay, the residents of Blue Mud Bay, the Djalkiripuyngu,1 have encountered seafarers landing on their shores, and contacts with these visitors have varied in their regularity, intensity and amity. Currently, the most frequent non‐indigenous seafarers are the professional crab and barramundi fishermen who extract resources from the local estuaries. The crab fishermen are recent migrants from Southeast Asia and some sign royalty contracts for access to Aboriginal land to transport their crabs, whilst the wealthy and politically powerful Anglo‐Australian barramundi fishermen operate from large boats, do not need land access, and reject formal agreements. Djalkiripuyngu engagements with these respective visitors are shaped by Australian laws and by the different histories, ethnicities, access to power and depths of attachment to places between the various parties. The Djalkiripuyngu have consistently asserted ownership over the coastal seas adjacent to their lands and, in an important recent decision, have had one aspect of that ownership legally endorsed.2 Yet struggles for control over local seas demonstrate more than principles of indigenous and wider Australian law. They also reflect the wider history of Northern Australia, the pitfalls and possibilities of encounters between indigenous Australians and recent migrants, and an array of contemporary Australian identities.
“We All Put on the Fiesta Together”: Interdependence and the Production of Active Subjectivity through Cargos in a Highland Mexican Village
Authors: Magazine Roger
Published: October 2015

Después de perder sus empleos en la Ciudad de México como consecuencia de los recortes presupuestales neoliberales y de regresar al cercano pueblo de Tepetlaoxtoc, los moradores reinventaron sus entendimientos y prácticas de cargos y fiestas en oposición a una jerarquía local exclusiva y a la expansiva cultura urbana de individualismo y materialismo. En contraste con la suposición de los citadinos que son capaces de actuar solos, la gente del pueblo destaca su interdependencia y la importancia de “hacer la fiesta entre todos.” Y en oposición a la manera en que estos primeros actúan sobre y valoran las cosas, esta última pone énfasis en el actuar sobre las otras personas para producir lo que realmente valoran: las acciones y los estados subjetivos. Propongo que estas conceptualizaciones locales de la persona y la acción contribuyen a la formulación de un marco analítico culturalmente sensible para entender las prácticas que están emergiendo en los pueblos serranos mexicanos mientras el capitalismo global sigue erosionando las estructuras jerárquicas que antes eran dominantes.