bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Approach to Diagnose Safe Electrical Power Distribution
Authors: Braun Lars , Le Minh , Motz Jürgen , Birke Kai Peter
Published: November 2024

The integrity of the 12Vdc power distribution system on a vehicle is essential to guarantee continuous power supply to safety-relevant consumers. Safety-relevant consumers are critical loads, for example, electric power steering, braking systems with functionalities like Anti-Lock Braking or Electronic Stability Control, and autonomous drive systems. To prevent insufficient power supply for safety-relevant consumers due to an increased wiring harness resistance, a novel diagnostic approach is developed to determine the condition of the power distribution, especially the electrical resistance. The influence of measurement errors and bus commutation on the estimation is investigated by using a simulation. By using the diagnostic, a resistance determination in the milliohm range with a standard deviation of σ=0.3mΩ can be achieved under realistic conditions. This ensures that failures in the wiring harness can be identified, avoiding cascading effects and minimizing recalls. Compared to the state of the art, redundancies, costs, and weight can be saved with the proposed diagnostic system based on electrical resistance estimation.
Correction: Hasanbeigi, A.; Zuberi, M.J.S. Electrification of Steam and Thermal Oil Boilers in the Textile Industry: Techno-Economic Analysis for China, Japan, and Taiwan. Energies 2022, 15, 9179
Authors: Hasanbeigi Ali , Zuberi M. Jibran S.
Published: November 2024

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Wind–Photovoltaic–Electrolyzer-Underground Hydrogen Storage System for Cost-Effective Seasonal Energy Storage
Authors: Clemens Torsten , Hunyadi-Gall Martin , Lunzer Andreas , Arekhov Vladislav , Datler Martin , Gauer Albert
Published: November 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy generation result in low greenhouse gas footprints and can supply electricity to the grid or generate hydrogen for various applications, including seasonal energy storage. Designing integrated wind–PV–electrolyzer underground hydrogen storage (UHS) projects is complex due to the interactions between components. Additionally, the capacities of PV and wind relative to the electrolyzer capacity and fluctuating electricity prices must be considered in the project design. To address these challenges, process modelling was applied using cost components and parameters from a project in Austria. The hydrogen storage part was derived from an Austrian hydrocarbon gas field considered for UHS. The results highlight the impact of the renewable energy source (RES) sizing relative to the electrolyzer capacity, the influence of different wind-to-PV ratios, and the benefits of selling electricity and hydrogen. For the case study, the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is EUR 6.26/kg for a RES-to-electrolyzer capacity ratio of 0.88. Oversizing reduces the LCOH to 2.61 €/kg when including electricity sales revenues, or EUR 4.40/kg when excluding them. Introducing annually fluctuating electricity prices linked to RES generation results in an optimal RES-to-electrolyzer capacity ratio. The RES-to-electrolyzer capacity can be dynamically adjusted in response to market developments. UHS provides seasonal energy storage in areas with mismatches between RES production and consumption. The main cost components are compression, gas conditioning, wells, and cushion gas. For the Austrian project, the levelized cost of underground hydrogen storage (LCHS) is 0.80 €/kg, with facilities contributing EUR 0.33/kg, wells EUR 0.09/kg, cushion gas EUR 0.23/kg, and OPEX EUR 0.16/kg. Overall, the analysis demonstrates the feasibility of integrated RES–hydrogen generation-seasonal energy storage projects in regions like Austria, with systems that can be dynamically adjusted to market conditions.
Refinement of Recloser Operation and Safety Enhancement in Distribution Systems: A Study Based on Real Data
Authors: Kim Geonho , Kim Tae-Hwan , Kim Jun-Hyeok
Published: November 2024

This study analyzes recloser operation in the South Korean distribution system to propose effective operational strategies for improving safety and efficiency. This research is based on actual data, such as recloser operation data and fault statistics provided by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety and the Korea Electric Power Corporation, without the use of simulation tools or experiments. Key operational elements, such as reclosure counts, sequence settings, and high-current interruption features, were analyzed. First, an analysis of reclosure counts revealed that over 73% of faults were cleared after the first reclosure, and when the second reclosure was included, more than 90% were successfully restored. This finding suggests that reducing the number of reclosures from the standard three to one or two would not significantly impact fault restoration performance while simultaneously reducing arc generation, thereby improving safety. Additionally, a review of recloser sequence settings highlighted the fact that the traditional 2F2D (two fast, two delayed) sequence often led to frequent instantaneous tripping, increasing the risk of arc generation. The 1F1D (one fast, one delayed) sequence, which applies a delayed trip after an initial fast trip, offers a better fault-clearing performance and reduces the risk of arc generation. Lastly, an analysis of the high-current interruption feature suggested that enabling this function for faults with low reclosing success rates, particularly in cases of short-circuit faults, and setting an immediate trip threshold for fault currents exceeding 3 kA would enhance both safety and efficiency. This operational strategy was implemented in the South Korean distribution system over a three-year period, starting in 2021. While there was a 2.1% decrease in reclosure success rates, this strategy demonstrated that similar success levels could be maintained while reducing the number of reclosures, thus mitigating equipment damage risks and improving safety measures. The refined recloser operation plan derived from this study is expected to enhance the overall stability and reliability of distribution systems.
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Steam Reforming Process by Hydrogen Generator, Using PHAST Model
Authors: Lee Jongseok , Kwak Hyunjun , Jung Seungho
Published: November 2024

This study applied a risk assessment technique to the steam reforming process in hydrogen production facilities to generate baseline data for preparing safety protocols in related workplaces. To this end, consequence analysis (CA) was conducted using DNV-PHAST v.8.9., focusing on the reforming process, which operates at the highest temperature and pressure among related processes. This study predicted jet fire damage resulting from the total failure of a 65 mm syngas pipe at the rear end of the reformer, with a projected flame length of up to 23.6 m based on a radiant heat of 5 kW/m2. As per the assessment, a vapor cloud explosion (VCE) caused damage of up to 42.6 m at an overpressure of 0.07 bar (1 psi), while a flash fire had an impact range of approximately 12.7 m based on hydrogen’s LFL (lower flammable limit). This quantitative risk assessment of the general steam reforming process provides valuable basic data for the design and operation of related facilities.
Road Landscape Design: Harmonious Relationship Between Ecology and Aesthetics
Authors: Si Mingqian , Mu Yan , Han Youting
Published: November 2024

In view of global climate and environmental challenges, exploring sustainable urban vegetation management and development is crucial. This study aims to investigate the design strategies of urban road green space plants under the guidance of the dual theories of carbon sequestration and cooling eco-efficiency and aesthetics. In this study, Yangling, a representative small- and medium-sized city, was selected as the study area, and road green space plants were identified as the research objects. The assimilation method was employed to ascertain the carbon sequestration and oxygen release, as well as the cooling and humidification capacities of the plants. The aesthetic quality of the plants was evaluated using the Scenic Beauty Estimation and Landscape Character Assessment. Finally, we propose design strategies for landscapes with higher aesthetic and carbon sequestration and cooling benefits. The results demonstrate a clear nonlinear positive correlation. The carbon sequestration and cooling benefits of plants and the aesthetic quality, with correlation coefficients of 0.864 and 0.922, respectively. Across the same sample points, the rankings of standardized values for carbon sequestration, cooling benefits, and aesthetic quality vary minimally. This indicates that eco-efficient plants with harmonious colors and elegant forms can boost the aesthetic appeal and ecological function in road green spaces. Furthermore, the Sophora japonica Linn., Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm., Prunus serrulata Lindl., Prunus cerasifera Ehrhar f., Ligustrum sinense Lour., Photinia × fraseri Dress, Ligustrum × vicaryi Rehder, Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant. cv. Kaizuca, and Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker Gawl. are proved to be ecologically dominant plants. They can be employed as the principal selected species for plant design. This study summarizes applicable design strategies for three types of green spaces: avenue greenbelts, traffic separation zones, and roadside greenbelts. The nonlinear regression model developed here provides a reference for scientifically assessing and optimizing urban planting designs.
Pollutant Dispersion Dynamics Under Horizontal Wind Shear Conditions: Insights from Bidimensional Traffic Flow Models
Authors: Chaari Anis , Mouhali Waleed , Sellila Nacer , Louaked Mohammed , Mechkour Houari
Published: November 2024

Meteorological factors, specifically wind direction and magnitude, influence the dispersion of atmospheric pollutants due to road traffic by affecting their spatial and temporal distribution. In this study, we are interested in the effect of the evolution of horizontal wind components, i.e., in the plane perpendicular to the altitude axis. A two-dimensional numerical model for solving the coupled traffic flow/pollution problem, whose pollutants are generated by vehicles, is developed. The numerical solution of this model is computed via an algorithm combining the characteristics method for temporal discretization with the finite-element method for spatial discretization. The numerical model is validated through a sensitivity study on the diffusion coefficient of road traffic and its impact on traffic density. The distribution of pollutant concentration, computed based on a source generated by traffic density, is presented for a single direction and different magnitudes of the wind velocity (stationary, Gaussian, linearly increasing and decreasing, sudden change over time), taking into account the stretching and tilting of plumes and patterns. The temporal evolution of pollutant concentration at various relevant locations in the domain is studied for two wind velocities (stationary and sudden change). Three regimes were observed for transport pollution depending on time and velocity: nonlinear growth, saturation, and decrease.
A Computational Method for Solving Nonlinear Fractional Integral Equations
Authors: Matoog Rajaa T. , Mahdy Amr M. S. , Abdou Mohamed A. , Mohamed Doaa Sh.
Published: November 2024

This article solves the nonlinear fractional integral equation (NFrIE) using the Genocchi polynomial method (GPM). We have provided proof to demonstrate the existence of a unique solution to the second sort of NFrIE in Hilbert space. The proof of the stability of the error has been described and discussed. These criteria are proven given the spectrum characteristics of a linear self-adjoint operator. Numerous applications, unique conditions, and specific situations are developed. Additionally, numerical examples are constructed to illustrate the efficiency and applicability of the method. Maple 18 software is utilized for the computation of all the numerical outcomes.
Blockchain in Health Information Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fonsêca Aleika Lwiza Alves , Barbalho Ingridy Marina Pierre , Fernandes Felipe , Arrais Júnior Ernano , Nagem Danilo Alves Pinto , Cardoso Pablo Holanda , Veras Nícolas Vinícius Rodrigues , Farias Fernando Lucas de Oliveira , Lindquist Ana Raquel , dos Santos João Paulo Q. , Morais Antonio Higor Freire de , Henriques Jorge , Lucena Marcia , Valentim Ricardo Alexsandro de Medeiros
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: With the increasing digitalization of healthcare systems, data security and privacy have become crucial issues. In parallel, blockchain technology has gradually proven to be an innovative solution to address this challenge, as its ability to provide an immutable and secure record of transactions offers significant promise for healthcare information management. This systematic review aims to explore the applications of blockchain in health information systems, highlighting its advantages and challenges. (2) Methods: The publications chosen to compose this review were collected from six databases, resulting in the initial identification of 4864 studies. Of these, 73 were selected for in-depth analysis. (3) Results: The main results show that blockchain has been used mainly in electronic health records (63%). Furthermore, it was used in the Internet of Medical Things (8.2%) and for data sharing during the COVID-19 pandemic (6.8%). As advantages, greater security, privacy, and data integrity were identified, while the challenges point to the need for standardization and regulatory issues. (4) Conclusions: Despite the difficulties encountered, blockchain has significant potential to improve healthcare data management. However, more research and continued collaboration between those involved are needed to maximize its benefits.
A Miseducation: Perspectives on Sexuality Education from Black Women in the US South
Authors: Astatke Rebecca Hailu , Evans Yves-Yvette , Baker Stephanie , Simpson Monica , Thompson Terri-Ann
Published: November 2024

Over the last three decades, the receipt of formal sexuality education has declined, with half of adolescents nationwide receiving the minimum Healthy People standard of sexuality education from 2015 to 2019. Further, racial and geographic inequities in sexuality education remain, with Black women and girls more likely to receive abstinence-only-until-marriage instruction. We sought to describe Black women’s sexual education in two southern states, North Carolina and Georgia. We conducted a qualitative community-based participatory research study. We held focus-group discussions with forty-nine Black women in Georgia and North Carolina between May 2019 and January 2020. The research team, the reproductive justice organization, and the Research Board reviewed, discussed, and refined themes developed using deductive thematic analysis. Most participants were employed. The median age was twenty-seven. From the participants’ accounts, we observed the inadequacy of sexuality education and the resulting process of unlearning inaccurate, negative information and learning positive and accurate information about sexuality. Participants expressed a desire for accessible, high-quality sexual education for themselves and the next generation that addresses autonomy, pleasure, and consent. Our findings highlight the need for investment in existing community efforts and in creating high-quality, culturally responsive comprehensive sexuality education nationwide to effectively address structural barriers to accessing sexuality and relationship information and skills.
Endothelial Dysfunction with Aging: Does Sex Matter?
Authors: Wojtacha Jakub Jozue , Morawin Barbara , Wawrzyniak-Gramacka Edyta , Tylutka Anna , Freitas Ana Karyn Ehrenfried de , Zembron-Lacny Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Oxidative stress and inflammation accompany endothelial dysfunction that results from the excessive or uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in older adults. This study was designed to assess the usefulness of serum oxi-inflammatory component combinations in vascular disease prediction and prevention with regard to sex. Women (n = 145) and men (n = 50) aged 72.2 ± 7.8 years participated in this project. The females demonstrated the elevated production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) responsible for intravascular low-density lipoprotein oxidation. NO generation was enhanced in the women, but its bioavailability was reduced, which was expressed by a high 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NitroT) concentration. The relation of NO/3-NitroT (rs = 0.811, p < 0.001) in the women and NO/3-NitroT (rs = −0.611, p < 0.001) in the men showed that sex determines endothelial dysfunction. RONS generation in the women simultaneously promoted endothelial regeneration, as demonstrated by a ~1.5-fold increase in circulating progenitor cells. Inflammation-specific variables, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, the systemic immune inflammation index, and the neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, were reduced in the women and showed their diagnostic utility for clinical prognosis in vascular dysfunction, especially the C-reactive-protein-to-HDL ratio (AUC = 0.980, specificity 94.7%, sensitivity 93.3%, OR = 252, 95% CI 65–967, p < 0.001). This study is the first to have revealed sex-specific changes in the oxi-inflammatory response, which can generate the risk of cardiovascular events at an older age.
Manganese Exposure Enhances the Release of Misfolded α-Synuclein via Exosomes by Impairing Endosomal Trafficking and Protein Degradation Mechanisms
Authors: Rokad Dharmin , Harischandra Dilshan S. , Samidurai Manikandan , Chang Yuan-Teng , Luo Jie , Lawana Vivek , Sarkar Souvarish , Palanisamy Bharathi N. , Manne Sireesha , Kim Dongsuk , Zenitsky Gary , Jin Huajun , Anantharam Vellareddy , Willette Auriel , Kanthasamy Arthi , Kanthasamy Anumantha G.
Published: November 2024

Excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) increases the risk of chronic neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other related Parkinsonisms. Aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn), a hallmark of PD, can spread to neighboring cells by exosomal release from neurons. We previously discovered that Mn enhances its spread, triggering neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. To better understand the Mn-induced release of exosomal αSyn, we examined the effect of Mn on endosomal trafficking and misfolded protein degradation. Exposing MN9D dopaminergic neuronal cells stably expressing human wild-type (WT) αSyn to 300 μM Mn for 24 h significantly suppressed protein and mRNA expression of Rab11a, thereby downregulating endosomal recycling, forcing late endosomes to mature into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Ectopic expression of WT Rab11a significantly mitigated exosome release, whereas ectopic mutant Rab11a (S25N) increased it. Our in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that Mn exposure upregulated (1) mRNA and protein levels of endosomal Rab27a, which mediates the fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane; and (2) expression of the autophagosomal markers Beclin-1 and p62, but downregulated the lysosomal marker LAMP2, thereby impairing autophagolysosome formation as confirmed by LysoTracker, cathepsin, and acridine orange assays. Our novel findings demonstrate that Mn promotes the exosomal release of misfolded αSyn by impairing endosomal trafficking and protein degradation.
Modular Synthesis of New Metalloid-Substituted Olefins from Diboryl(Silyl)Ethenes via Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions
Authors: Sokolnicki Tomasz , Stefanowska-Kątna Kinga , Czapik Agnieszka , Walkowiak Jędrzej , Franczyk Adrian
Published: November 2024

A novel approach towards synthesizing new metalloid-substituted olefins has been accomplished by transforming (E)-1,2-diboryl-1-silylethenes through two consecutive Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. This methodology provides an effective and selective way to obtain new, structurally different products, such as (E)-1-silyl-1-boryl-2-arylethens, (1E,3E)-1-silyl-1-boryl-2-alkenylethens, and (E)-1-silyl-1-aryl1-2-aryl2ethenes, which are difficult to synthesize through hydrometallation reactions and related processes. Due to the presence of reactive motifs (silyl group, Bpin moiety, and Csp2-H bond) in the structure of the final products, these molecules might be considered powerful building blocks in modern chemistry. With the aid of demetallation and cross-coupling reactions, they might be further functionalized into several invaluable chemicals, i.e., tetrasubstituted olefins (anti-cancer drugs, fluorescence materials), compounds with high π-conjugation, and polymers.
Isolation, Genomics-Based and Biochemical Characterization of Bacteriocinogenic Bacteria and Their Bacteriocins, Sourced from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Meat-Producing Pigs
Authors: Sevillano Ester , Lafuente Irene , Peña Nuria , Cintas Luis M. , Muñoz-Atienza Estefanía , Hernández Pablo E. , Borrero Juan
Published: November 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to animal production due to the widespread use of antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies to effectively manage bacterial infections, protect animal health, and reduce reliance on antibiotics. This study evaluated the use of emerging approaches and procedures for the isolation, identification, and characterization of bacteriocin-producing bacteria and their bacteriocins, sourced from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of meat-producing pigs. Out of 2056 isolates screened against Gram-positive and Gram-negative indicator strains, 20 of the most active antimicrobial isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) for the prediction of coding DNA sequences (CDS) and the identification of bacteriocin gene clusters (BGC) and their functions. The use of an in vitro cell-free protein synthesis (IV-CFPS) protocol and the design of an IV-CFPS coupled to a split-intein mediated ligation (IV-CFPS/SIML) procedure made possible the evaluation of the production and antimicrobial activity of described and putatively novel bacteriocins. A colony MALDI-TOF MS procedure assisted in the identification of class I, II, and III lanthipeptides. MALDI-TOF MS and a targeted proteomics, combined with a massive peptide analysis (LC-MS/MS) approach, has proven valuable for the identification and biochemical characterization of previously described and novel bacteriocins encoded by the isolated bacteriocin-producing strains.
ChIP-Seq Analysis of AtfA Interactions in Aspergillus flavus Reveals Its Involvement in Aflatoxin Metabolism and Virulence Under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Peng Shurui , Hu Liangbin , Ge Wei , Deng Jiakun , Yao Lishan , Li Hongbo , Xu Dan , Mo Haizhen
Published: November 2024

The risk of Aspergillus flavus contamination is expanding with global warming. Targeting the pathogenicity of A. flavus at its source and diminishing its colonization within the host may be a potential control strategy. Oxidative stress transcription factor AtfA plays a pivotal role in A. flavus pathogenicity by combating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by host immune cells. This study employed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to elucidate the binding sites and epigenetic mechanisms of AtfA under oxidative stress. Among the total 1022 identified potential AtfA-binding peaks, a 10-bp region predominated by 5′-DRTGTTGCAA-3′, which is highly similar to the AP-1 binding motif was predicted. The significantly regulated genes exhibited a variety of biological functions, including regulation of filamentous growth, response to extracellular stimulus, and regulation of gene expression. Moreover, AtfA indirectly influenced these processes via the MAPK signaling pathway, carbon metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism in response to oxidative stress. The absence of atfA contributed to the decrease in the growth and development, sporulation, AFB1 biosynthesis, and invasion ability of A. flavus under oxidative stress. These findings suggest that AtfA is critical to overcome oxidative stress induced by the host immune cells during the infection, providing a novel target for early prevention of A. flavus contamination.
Correction: Titmuss et al. Immune Activation Following Irbesartan Treatment in a Colorectal Cancer Patient: A Case Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 5869
Authors: Titmuss E. , Milne K. , Jones M. R. , Ng T. , Topham J. T. , Brown S. D. , Schaeffer D. F. , Kalloger S. , Wilson D. , Corbett R. D. , Williamson L. M. , Mungall K. , Mungall A. J. , Holt R. A. , Nelson B. H. , Jones S. J. M. , Laskin J. , Lim H. J. , Marra M. A.
Published: November 2024

The journal’s Editorial Office and Editorial Board are jointly issuing a resolution and removal of the Journal Notice linked to this article [...]
Signal Enhancement of Selected Norepinephrine Metabolites Extracted from Artificial Urine Samples by Capillary Electrophoretic Separation
Authors: Kowalski Piotr , Hermann Natalia , Kroll Dagmara , Belka Mariusz , Bączek Tomasz , Olędzka Ilona
Published: November 2024

The measurement of selected norepinephrine metabolites, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylenglycol (MHPG), and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), in biological matrices—including urine—is of great clinical importance for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. This fact has forced researchers to evaluate new analytical methodologies for their isolation and preconcentration from biological samples. In this study, the three most popular extraction techniques—liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and a new 3D-printed system for dispersive solid-phase extraction (3D-DSPE)—were investigated. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with a diode array detector (DAD) at 200 nm wavelength was applied to the separation of analytes, allowing for the assessment of the extraction efficiency (R) and enrichment factor (EF) for the tested extraction types. The separation buffer (BGE) consisted of 5 mM sodium tetraborate decahydrate, 50 mM SDS, 15% (v/v) MeOH, 150 mM boric acid, and 1 mM of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (the apparent pH of the BGE equaled 7.3). The EF for each extraction procedure was calculated with respect to standard mixtures of the analytes at the same concentration levels. The 3D-DSPE procedure, using DVB sorbent and acetone as the desorption solvent, proved to be the most effective approach for the simultaneous extraction and determination of the chosen compounds, achieving over 3-fold signal amplification for DHPG and MHPG and over 2-fold for VMA. Moreover, all extraction protocols used for the selected norepinephrine metabolites were estimated and discussed. It was also confirmed that the 3D-DSPE-MEKC approach could be considered an effective tool for sample pretreatment and separation of chosen endogenous analytes in urine samples.
Alkamides in Zanthoxylum Species: Phytochemical Profiles and Local Anesthetic Activities
Authors: Lu I-Cheng , Hu Pin-Yang , Lin Chia-Heng , Chang Lin-Li , Wang Hung-Chen , Cheng Kuang-I , Gau Tz-Ping , Lin Kai-Wei
Published: November 2024

Zanthoxylum species have long been utilized in traditional medicine; among their various properties, they provide an analgesic effect. Central to this medicinal application are alkamides, a class of alkaloids characterized by their unsaturated fatty acid chains. These compounds are particularly noted for their distinctive alleviation of tingling and numbing effects, which are beneficial in dental pain management and local anesthesia. This review synthesizes the existing phytochemical research on alkamides derived from 11 Z. species, focusing on their chemical properties, pharmacodynamics and clinical implications. The analysis includes an examination of the structure–activity relationships (SARs), pharmacokinetics and mechanisms by which these compounds modulate sensations such as pungency and numbness, contributing to their analgesic and local anesthetic efficacy. This systemic review identifies significant research gaps, including the need for comprehensive evaluations of alkamide efficacy, detailed explorations of their pharmacological mechanisms and expanded clinical applications. These areas represent key opportunities for future investigations to enhance the understanding and utilization of alkamides in medical treatments.
Recent Advances in miRNA-Based Therapy for MASLD/MASH and MASH-Associated HCC
Authors: Carpi Sara , Daniele Simona , de Almeida Jacqueline Fátima Martins , Gabbia Daniela
Published: November 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a growing health concern worldwide, affecting more than 1 billion adults. It may progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), cirrhosis, and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Emerging evidence has demonstrated the role in this transition of microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and cell proliferation. Specific miRNAs have been identified to exacerbate or mitigate fibrotic and carcinogenic processes in hepatic cells. The modulation of these miRNAs through synthetic mimics or inhibitors represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Preclinical models have demonstrated that miRNA-based therapies can attenuate liver inflammation, reduce fibrosis, and inhibit tumorigenesis, thus delaying or preventing the onset of HCC. However, challenges such as delivery mechanisms, off-target effects, and long-term safety remain to be addressed. This review, focusing on recently published preclinical and clinical studies, explores the pharmacological potential of miRNA-based interventions to prevent MASLD/MASH and progression toward HCC.
Biomimetic In Vitro Model of Canine Periodontal Ligament
Authors: Pinho Laura C. , Queirós José André , Santos Catarina , Colaço Bruno , Fernandes Maria Helena
Published: November 2024

Periodontal disease affects about 80% of dogs, highlighting the importance of addressing periodontitis in veterinary dental care. The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a key structure holding the potential to regenerate the entire periodontal complex. This work presents an in vitro model of canine PDL-derived cell cultures that mimic the PDL’s regenerative capacity for both mineralised and soft tissues. Explant outgrowth-derived PDL cells were cultured under standard conditions in osteoinductive medium and with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Hap NPs). Cell behaviour was assessed for viability/proliferation, morphology, growth patterns, and the expression of osteogenic and periodontal markers. Osteogenic conditions, either achieved with osteoinducers or an osteoconductive biomaterial, strongly promoted PDL-derived cells’ commitment towards the osteogenic phenotype and significantly increased the expression of periodontal markers. These findings suggest that cultured PDL cells replicate the biological function of the PDL, supporting the regeneration of both soft and hard periodontal tissues under normal and demanding healing conditions. This in vitro model will offer a platform for testing new regenerative treatments and materials, ultimately contributing to canine dental care and better outcomes.
Relationship Between the Presence of Red Complex Species and the Distribution of Other Oral Bacteria, Including Major Periodontal Pathogens in Older Japanese Individuals
Authors: Kametani Mariko , Nagasawa Yasuyuki , Usuda Momoko , Kaneki Ami , Ogawa Masashi , Shojima Kensaku , Yamazaki Hiromitsu , Tokumoto Kana , Matsuoka Daiki , Suehara Kana , Suehiro Yuto , Akitomo Tatsuya , Mitsuhata Chieko , Misaki Taro , Ito Seigo , Naka Shuhei , Matsumoto-Nakano Michiyo , Nakano Kazuhiko , Kishimoto Hiromitsu , Shinmura Ken , Nomura Ryota
Published: November 2024

Red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) have high virulence in periodontal disease. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the detailed symbiotic relationships between the red complex and other oral bacteria in older Japanese individuals. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using dental plaque from 116 subjects and specific primers for ten periodontal pathogens. The detection rate of Prevotella intermedia and Capnocytophaga sputigena was significantly higher in P. gingivalis-positive subjects than in P. gingivalis-negative subjects (p < 0.05). The detection rate of Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella nigrescens, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Eikenella corrodens was significantly higher in T. forsythia-positive subjects than in T. forsythia-negative subjects (p < 0.01). In a comprehensive analysis of oral microbiomes, three red complex species-positive subjects had significantly higher α-diversity than only P. gingivalis-positive subjects (p < 0.05) and had significantly lower β-diversity than only T. forsythia-positive subjects (p < 0.01). In the taxonomy analysis, Porphyromonas was significantly higher in three red complex species-positive subjects than in only P. gingivalis-positive and only T. forsythia-positive subjects (p < 0.01). These results suggest that each red complex species forms a unique oral microbiome and individuals positive for all red complex bacteria may harbor oral bacteria that confer a significant advantage in developing periodontal disease.
Complement System and Adhesion Molecule Skirmishes in Fabry Disease: Insights into Pathogenesis and Disease Mechanisms
Authors: Magnusen Albert Frank , Pandey Manoj Kumar
Published: November 2024

Fabry disease is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the galactosidase alpha (GLA) gene, resulting in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and its deacetylated form, globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3) in various tissues and fluids throughout the body. This pathological accumulation triggers a cascade of processes involving immune dysregulation and complement system activation. Elevated levels of complement 3a (C3a), C5a, and their precursor C3 are observed in the plasma, serum, and tissues of patients with Fabry disease, correlating with significant endothelial cell abnormalities and vascular dysfunction. This review elucidates how the complement system, particularly through the activation of C3a and C5a, exacerbates disease pathology. The activation of these pathways leads to the upregulation of adhesion molecules, including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1), and complement receptor 3 (CR3) on leukocytes and endothelial cells. This upregulation promotes the excessive recruitment of leukocytes, which in turn exacerbates disease pathology. Targeting complement components C3a, C5a, or their respective receptors, C3aR (C3a receptor) and C5aR1 (C5a receptor 1), could potentially reduce inflammation, mitigate tissue damage, and improve clinical outcomes for individuals with Fabry disease.
Phenotypic and Genetic Spectrum in 309 Consecutive Pediatric Patients with Inherited Retinal Disease
Authors: Priglinger Claudia S. , Gerhardt Maximilian J. , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Schaumberger Markus , Neuhann Teresa M. , Bolz Hanno J. , Mehraein Yasmin , Rudolph Guenther
Published: November 2024

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a common cause of blindness or severe visual impairment in children and may occur with or without systemic associations. The aim of the present study is to describe the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of IRDs in a pediatric patient cohort in Retrospective single-center cross-sectional analysis. Presenting symptoms, clinical phenotype, and molecular genetic diagnosis were assessed in 309 pediatric patients with suspected IRD. Patients were grouped by age at genetic diagnosis (preschool: 0–6 years, n = 127; schoolchildren: 7–17 years, n = 182). Preschool children most frequently presented with nystagmus (34.5% isolated, 16.4% syndromic), no visual interest (20.9%; 14.5%), or nyctalopia (22.4%; 3.6%; p < 0.05); schoolchildren most frequently presented with declining visual acuity (31% isolated, 21.1% syndromic), nyctalopia (10.6%; 13.5%), or high myopia (5.3%; 13.2%). Pathogenic variants were identified in 96 different genes (n = 69 preschool, n = 73 schoolchildren). In the preschool group, 57.4% had isolated and 42.6% had syndromic IRDs, compared to 70.9% and 29.1% in schoolchildren. In the preschool group, 32.4% of the isolated IRDs were related to forms of Leber’s congenital amaurosis (most frequent were RPE65 (11%) and CEP290 (8.2%)), 31.5% were related to stationary IRDs, 15.1% were related to macular dystrophies (ABCA4, BEST1, PRPH2, PROM1), and 8.2% to rod–cone dystrophies (RPGR, RPB3, RP2, PDE6A). All rod–cone dystrophies (RCDs) were subjectively asymptomatic at the time of genetic diagnosis. At schoolage, 41% were attributed to cone-dominated disease (34% ABCA4), 10.3% to BEST1, and 10.3% to RCDs (RP2, PRPF3, RPGR; IMPG2, PDE6B, CNGA1, MFRP, RP1). Ciliopathies were the most common syndromic IRDs (preschool 37%; schoolchildren 45.1%), with variants in USH2A, CEP290 (5.6% each), CDH23, BBS1, and BBS10 (3.7% each) being the most frequent in preschoolers, and USH2A (11.7%), BBS10 (7.8%), CEP290, CDHR23, CLRN1, and ICQB1 (3.9% each) being the most frequent in syndromic schoolkids. Vitreoretinal syndromic IRDs accounted for 29.6% (preschool: COL2A1, COL11A1, NDP (5.6% each)) and 23.5% (schoolage: COL2A1, KIF11 (9.8% each)), metabolic IRDs for 9.4% (OAT, HADHA, MMACHD, PMM2) and 3.9% (OAT, HADHA), mitochondriopathies for 3.7% and 7.8%, and syndromic albinism accounted for 5.6% and 3.9%, respectively. In conclusion we show here that the genotypic spectrum of IRDs and its quantitative distribution not only differs between children and adults but also between children of different age groups, with an almost equal proportion of syndromic and non-syndromic IRDs in early childhood. Ophthalmic screening visits at the preschool and school ages may aid even presymptomatic diagnosis and treatment of potential sight and life-threatening systemic sequelae.
Study on Farmers’ Willingness to Participate in High-Standard Farmland Construction Against the Background of Agricultural Green Development
Authors: Zhou Kexin , Chen Shaojun , Liang Bing
Published: November 2024

Within the context of agricultural green development, the construction of high-standard farmland plays a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity, ensuring food security, and achieving sustainable development. However, as the direct participants, farmers’ willingness and enthusiasm to engage in high-standard farmland construction largely determines the success of these initiatives. Therefore, based on data from 326 samples in Qinghai Province, this study employs a structural equation model to analyze the impact of farmers’ cognition and the current condition of farmland on the willingness to participate in high-standard farmland construction and verify the mediating effect of information trust. The results indicate the following: (1) the impact pathways of farmers’ cognition on participation willingness vary across different dimensions, with subjective norms and behavioral attitudes having a direct positive influence, while perceived behavioral control shows no direct effect; (2) the current condition of farmland has a direct and significant negative effect on participation willingness; (3) information trust exhibits varying mediating effects across different pathways, showing a partial mediating effect on behavioral attitudes and subjective norms, a full mediating effect on perceived behavioral control, and a suppressive effect on farmland condition. This study, grounded in the context of China’s green agricultural development goals, provides new insights into the relationship between government policy implementation and farmers’ willingness to participate. It establishes a scientific foundation for policymakers to formulate strategic green development policies.
Effect of Pressure on the Microstructure and Wear Performance of Cr-Mn-Mo Alloyed Steel Prepared by Squeeze Casting
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Hao Yujiang , Guo Lei , Wu Xinhao
Published: November 2024

In this study, the effects of applied pressure (0, 90, 120, and 150 MPa) during solidification on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and impact–abrasive wear resistance of Cr-Mn-Mo steel prepared by squeeze casting were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that the materials produced under pressure showed smaller grains compared to those of the samples fabricated without pressure. Compared to the unpressurized sample, the grain diameter of the sample prepared at 120 MPa decreased by 37.7%, the length of the primary arm shortened by 40.7%, and the spacing of the secondary arm contracted by 14.1%. Furthermore, the impact toughness results indicated that the samples prepared without pressure exhibited brittle fracture characteristics, whereas quasi-destructive fractures predominated in the samples prepared at 120 MPa. Simultaneously, three-point bending strength exhibited a gradual increase with increasing pressure, reaching a maximum value of 855.5 MPa when prepared under 150 MPa. Additionally, the impact–abrasive wear resistance of Cr-Mn-Mo alloyed steel produced by squeeze casting was significantly enhanced compared to the samples produced without pressure. The samples without external pressure exhibited a combination of abrasive and adhesive wear, whereas the wear characteristics of the samples prepared under pressure includes grooves, cutting marks, flaking pits, and accumulating ridges.
Early-Age Behaviour of Portland Cement Incorporating Ultrafine Recycled Powder: Insights into Hydration, Setting, and Chemical Shrinkage
Authors: Yang Fei , Ma Yan , Li Linchang , Liu Shuo , Hai Ran , Zhu Zheyu
Published: November 2024

This study examines the effects of ultrafine recycled powder (URP) obtained from construction and demolition waste on the hydration kinetics, setting behaviour, and chemical shrinkage of Portland cement pastes. The presence of ultrafine particles in the recycled powder provides more sites for nucleation, thereby promoting the hydration process and accelerating the rate of nucleation. As a result, the setting time is reduced while chemical shrinkage is increased. Incorporating URP improves the early-age mechanical properties. When 7.5% URP is added, the highest compressive strength and flexural strength of cement mortar at a curing age of 3 d are 23.0 MPa and 3.7 MPa, respectively. The secondary hydration between the hydration product and reactive silica from URP contributes to gel formation and enhances mechanical property development. This research provides theoretical insights into utilizing recycled powder in cement-based materials and enhances our understanding of its impact on hydration kinetics.
Assessing Overall Performance of Sports Clubs and Decomposing into Their On-Field and Off-Field Efficiency
Authors: Galagedera Don , Tan Joan
Published: November 2024

Generally, playing group management performance and financial management performance of sports clubs are assessed separately. We adopt a non-parametric methodology to assess overall performance, first conceptualising overall management as a production process comprising two serially linked subprocesses, namely, playing group management and financial management. Thereafter, we decompose overall performance to obtain estimates of performance at the subprocess level. Through this procedure, it is possible to determine whether a sports club’s on-field performance or off-field performance or both may contribute towards its inefficiency, if any, in overall management. Further, a model is developed to determine targets for inefficient clubs to become overall efficient. The method is applied to 18 clubs in the Australian rules football league. In the 2021 season, the results reveal that on-field performance, on average, is better than off-field performance, and variability in off-field performance is higher than that of on-field performance. The observed overall management inefficiency is mainly due to inefficiency in financial management. Results are robust to the weighting scheme adopted in the overall efficiency configuration.
Anterior Colporrhaphy and Paravaginal Repair for Anterior Compartment Prolapse: A Review
Authors: Tsui Wing Lam , Ding Dah-Ching
Published: November 2024

Pelvic organ prolapse, particularly in the anterior compartment, is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts women’s quality of life. Two common surgical approaches for managing anterior vaginal wall prolapse are anterior colporrhaphy and paravaginal repair. Anterior colporrhaphy, a traditional technique, involves the plication of weakened fascial tissues to restore support to the bladder and anterior vaginal wall. Paravaginal repair addresses lateral detachment of the anterior vaginal wall by reattaching it to its supportive structures. This review aimed to compare the indications, techniques, and outcomes between these surgical methods, discussing their efficacy, recurrence rates, and complications. Although anterior colporrhaphy is widely used, paravaginal repair may offer superior results in specific cases, particularly those involving lateral defects. The review also explored the evolution of these techniques, the role of grafts and mesh, and the potential benefits of minimally invasive approaches such as laparoscopy and robotic surgery. The goal is to provide clinicians with comprehensive insights into choosing the appropriate surgical option based on individual patient anatomy and clinical presentation, thus optimizing outcomes and minimizing recurrence.
Inverse Tesla Valve as Micromixer for Water Purification
Authors: Liosis Christos , Sofiadis George , Karvelas Evangelos , Karakasidis Theodoros , Sarris Ioannis
Published: November 2024

Contaminated water has remained an unsolved problem for decades, particularly when the contamination derived from heavy metals. A possible solution is to mix the contaminated water with magnetic nanoparticles so that an adsorption process can take place. In that frame, Tesla valve micromixer and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were selected to perform simulations for encounter maximum mixing efficiency. These simulations focus on inlet velocities ratios between contaminated water and nanoparticles and inlet rates of nanoparticles. The maximum mixing efficiency was 44% for the inverse double Tesla micromixer found for the combination of Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the inlet rate and with inlet velocity ratios of VpVc=10.