bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term stability of five atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, clozapine, quetiapine) and the antidepressant mirtazapine in human serum assessed by a validated SPE LC–MS/MS method
Authors: Fruekilde Palle Bach Nielsen , Nielsen Flemming
Published: September 2024

Long‐term sample stability of five atypical antipsychoticdrugs risperidone, paliperidone, clozapine, quetiapine and olanzapine and the antidepressant drug mirtazapine in serum was studied by use of a newly developed and validated analytical method based on solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Ascorbic acid was used as an antioxidative agent to stabilize olanzapine during storage and sample preparation.

We assessed analyte stability on long‐term storage in serum samples at 25°C, 5°C, −20°C and −80°C, and during five freeze–thaw cycles. Analytes were stable for 23 days at room temperature except for olanzapine and mirtazapine (17 days). All analytes were stable for at least 30 days at 5°C. All analytes were stable for 270 days at −20°C, except for paliperidone and mirtazapine with 60 days and 180 days, respectively. All analytes were stable for 270 days at −80°C. Furthermore, all analytes were stable for five freeze–thaw cycles.

We recommend storage at −80°C when samples drawn for analysis of antipsychotic drugs are stored for more than 60 days, whereas a temperature of −20°C is sufficient for storage less than 60 days.
Reasons for Neonatal Presentations to Pediatric Emergency Departments in Catania: Multicentric Cross‐Sectional Analysis and Exhaustive Review of the Literature
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Meli Mariaclaudia , Sortino Vincenzo , Marino Silvia , Tardino Lucia , Trobia Gian Luca , Barbagallo Massimo , Scalia Bruna ,   the Sicilian Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN)
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to characterize neonatal admissions to pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) in Catania, to analyze the primary pediatric conditions leading to these admissions, and to explore the association between the demographic characteristics of the population and the severity of their presentations.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on neonates (aged <28 days) admitted to three PEDs in Catania between January 2015 and December 2019. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the literature on this topic was performed.

Results

A total of 5183 neonates presented during the study period, with a median age of 14 days at admission. The top three diagnoses were neonatal jaundice (15%), abdominal discomfort (12%), and upper airway inflammation (11%). The majority of cases were classified as non‐urgent (green) at triage (59%). Overall, 1296 patients (25%) required hospitalization; 95% of those assigned a yellow triage color at admission required hospitalization. Only 33% of hospitalized patients were referred by parents, while the majority were referred by primary care pediatricians. The highest number of admissions occurred in August, while the peak in hospitalizations was in February.

Conclusions

The majority of neonatal PED admissions are for non‐acute conditions that do not require immediate medical attention. This concerning trend leads to increased workloads for PED staff, higher healthcare costs, and potential risks to neonates. Possible causes include insufficient caregiver knowledge, inadequate parental education, and suboptimal transition from hospital to primary care pediatric services.
Oral decitabine–cedazuridine in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Bouligny Ian M. , DiNardo Courtney D.
Published: September 2024

In a randomized crossover study involving 89 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, Geissler et al. compared intravenous decitabine and oral decitabine–cedazuridine. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the two formulations were similar. The clinical efficacy of oral decitabine–cedazuridine was consistent with historical data of intravenous decitabine.

Commentary on: Geissler et al. Oral decitabine/cedazuridine versus intravenous decitabine for acute myeloid leukaemia: A randomised, crossover, registration, pharmacokinetics study. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:1734‐1745.
Early screening of post‐stroke fall risk: A simultaneous multimodal fNIRs‐EMG study
Authors: Yang Zheng , Ye Liu , Yang Lining , Lu Qiuyi , Yu Anqi , Bai Dingqun
Published: September 2024

Background

Stroke is the third‐leading cause of death and disability, and poststroke falls (PSF) are common at all stages after stroke and could even lead to injuries or death. Brain information from functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRs) may precede conventional imaging and clinical symptoms but has not been systematically considered in PSF risk prediction. This study investigated the difference in brain activation between stroke patients and healthy subjects, and this study was aimed to explore fNIRs biomarkers for early screening of PSF risk by comparing the brain activation in patients at and not at PSF risk.

Methods

In this study, we explored the differences in brain activation and connectivity between stroke and healthy subjects by synchronizing the detection of fNIRs and EMG tests during simple (usual sit‐to‐stand) and difficult tasks (sit‐to‐stand based on EMG feedback). Thereby further screened for neuroimaging biomarkers for early prediction of PSF risk by comparing brain activation variability in poststroke patients at and not at fall risk during simple and difficult tasks. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity were used to compare the diagnostic effect.

Results

A total of 40 patients (22 not at and 18 at PSF risk) and 38 healthy subjects were enrolled. As the difficulty of standing task increased, stroke patients compared with healthy subjects further increased the activation of the unaffected side of supplementary motor area (H‐SMA) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex‐Brodmann area 46 (H‐DLFC‐BA46) but were unable to increase functional connectivity (Group*Task: p < 0.05). More importantly, the novel finding showed that hyperactivation of the H‐SMA during a simple standing task was a valid fNIRs predictor of PSF risk [AUROC 0.74, p = 0.010, sensitivity 77.8%, specificity 63.6%].

Conclusions

This study provided novel evidence that fNIR‐derived biomarkers could early predict PSF risk that can facilitate the widespread use of real‐time assessment tools in early screening and rehabilitation. Meanwhile, this study demonstrated that the higher brain activation and inability to increase the brain functional connectivity in stroke patients during difficult task indicated the inefficient use of brain resources.
Linoleic Acid Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Alleviates Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Liu Jie , Jiang Yu , Zhang Qiuhong , Qin Yin , Li Kexin , Xie Yu , Zhang Tingting , Wang Xiaoliang , Yang Xi , Zhang Li , Liu Gang
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical and lethal medical condition. This syndrome is characterized by an imbalance in the body's oxidation stress and inflammation. Linoleic acid (LA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been extensively studied for its potential health benefits, including anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the therapeutic effects of LA on ALI remain unexplored.

Methods

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), found in gram‐negative bacteria's outer membrane, was intraperitoneally injected to induce ALI in mice. In vitro model was established by LPS stimulation of mouse lung epithelial 12 (MLE‐12) cells.

Results

LA treatment demonstrated a significant amelioration in LPS‐induced hypothermia, poor state, and pulmonary injury in mice. LA treatment resulted in a reduction in the concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein and an increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in LPS‐induced mice. LA treatment reduced the generation of white blood cells. LA treatment reduced cell‐free (cfDNA) release and promote adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. LA increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) but decreased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA). LA treatment enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential. LA attenuated LPS‐induced elevations of inflammatory cytokines in both mice and cells. Additionally, LA exerted its protective effect against LPS‐induced damage through activation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator l alpha (PGC‐1α)/nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1)/transcription factor A of the mitochondrion (TFAM) pathway.

Conclusion

LA may reduce inflammation and stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in ALI mice and MLE‐12 cells.
Characterisation of Kürsteiner canals of parathyroid: imparting relevance to a one‐and‐a‐quarter‐century‐old concept
Authors: Corbin Haley , Yip Linwah , Carty Sally E , Reyes‐Múgica Miguel , Seethala Raja R
Published: September 2024

Aims

Kürsteiner canals (KC) were described at least 125 years ago as pharyngeal pouch embryological remnants of parathyroid and thymic development. While considered precursors for a subset of parathyroid cysts and salivary heterotopias (SH), they remain enigmatic. We now define a comprehensive phenotype of KC remnants and investigate their role in a spectrum of parathyroid lesions.

Methods and results

`Sixty‐two cystic and 22 non‐cystic parathyroid lesions (73 patients) were retrieved from our institutional archive (2011–23) and evaluated for the presence of KC and prevalence of KC phenotype in parathyroid hormone (PTH)‐positive and PTH‐negative cysts. KC phenotype was defined as: cysts and tubules with surrounding sclerosis; bland, unilayered lining with frequent nuclear indentation of lumina; vesicular chromatin relative to chief cells; attenuated eosinophilic to ‘hyper‐cleared’ cytoplasm; and staining pattern PTH‐negative, SOX‐10‐positive, CK7‐positive, GATA‐3‐positive and PAX‐9 dim, a subset with oestrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) positivity. Thirty PTH‐negative cysts were identified in the neck/mediastinum; 14 of this group also showed SH. Thirty‐two PTH‐positive cysts included: 11 cystic parathyroid adenomas, 17 hyperplastic parathyroids, and four carcinomas. KC showed two distinct subtypes and were often found near PTH‐negative cysts. PTH‐negative cysts were associated with inferior parathyroids, SOX‐10 positivity, fibrosclerosis, vesicular nuclei indenting cyst lumina and hyper‐cleared or attenuated eosinophilic cytoplasm.

Conclusions

KC are common in parathyroids and show a distinct histological and immunohistochemical profile, with an inferior predilection favouring branchial cleft III distribution. Diagnostically, the high prevalence of this phenotype in PTH‐negative cysts and salivary heterotopia supports derivation of non‐functioning cysts from KC. Conversely, PTH‐positive cysts are more compatible with cystic change within hyperfunctioning glands.
How Shift Nurses' Presenteeism is Related to Insomnia and Care Left Undone: A Cross‐Sectional Study Using Generalised Structural Equation Modelling
Authors: Ji Yoonjung , Min Ari , Kang Minkyung , Park Chang
Published: September 2024

Aim

To examine the association between nurses' insomnia, presenteeism and care left undone and explore the mediating effect of presenteeism on the relationship between insomnia and care left undone among nurses in acute care hospitals, applying a dynamic model of presenteeism and absenteeism.

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was conducted using online survey data collected in January 2023. Participants were 1154 registered nurses who provided direct nursing care to patients in tertiary or general hospitals (hospitals with 300 or more beds) in South Korea. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the association between nurses' insomnia, presenteeism and care left undone. Generalised structural equation modelling was performed to examine the mediating effect of presenteeism on the relationship between insomnia and care left undone.

Results

The prevalence of insomnia was 15.3%. More than half of the participants (63.7%) reported experiencing presenteeism in the past 4 weeks. All reported at least one nursing care left undone during their last shift. Insomnia and presenteeism were positively associated with care left undone, and presenteeism mediated the relationship between insomnia and care left undone among nurses in acute care hospitals.

Conclusion

Nurses experienced insomnia and presenteeism, related to higher rates of care left undone. Nurses' insomnia had a direct effect on care left undone and an indirect effect through presenteeism.

Implications for the Profession

Nurse managers and administrators need to make greater efforts to reduce insomnia and presenteeism among nurses, thereby reducing care left undone and improving patient safety in acute care settings.

Impact

Nurse managers and administrators should consider proactive interventions to address nurses' insomnia and foster a workplace with healthy systems and culture to reduce sleep disturbance and presenteeism, which can effectively decrease care left undone.

Reporting Method

STROBE guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
A Bedside Electronic Whiteboard System for Patient Care in Isolation Rooms: A Scenario‐Based Preliminary Study
Authors: Lee Hyeongsuk , Lee Seungmin , Jo Dami
Published: September 2024

Aim

To assess a commercially available electronic whiteboard's usability and acceptability in isolation rooms, focusing on improving nurse–patient communication and supporting data input.

Design

A cross‐sectional study with quantitative and qualitative mixed methods.

Methods

We evaluated the usability and acceptability of electronic whiteboards among nurses using scenarios in a virtual isolation room environment.

Results

Nurses recognised the electronic whiteboard as a valuable tool for communication and error reductions in record‐keeping but noted a learning curve for less tech‐savvy users. Positive correlations were found between perceived usefulness, ease of use and adoption intent. Despite challenges, electronic whiteboards show promise for enhancing patient care, requiring comprehensive training and management systems. Time allocation in patient wards and nurse–patient interactions are crucial considerations.

Conclusion

Electronic whiteboards have usability and acceptability as a tool to improve nurse–patient communication. However, considering technical issues and staff resistance, a management system and user training are necessary.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Nurses perceive electronic whiteboards as user‐friendly and as facilitating data input.

Reporting Method

TREND (Nonrandomised evaluations of behavioural and public health interventions).

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Multidimensional frailty and sleep quality in late adulthood: A UK biobank examination
Authors: Coundouris Sarah P. , Henry Julie D. , Oestreich Lena K. L.
Published: September 2024

Frailty and sleep disturbances are two major concerns in late adulthood, that not only profoundly threaten health and wellbeing at the individual level but place enormous demands on our healthcare systems. Given that both constructs represent dynamic states that are preventable and reversible, understanding the potential pathways to and effects of these variables on one another is critical in providing effective and tailored support. However, despite growing interest in the relationship between sleep and frailty, only one study to date has directly explored their potential bidirectionality. Accordingly, this study was designed to extend the current understanding by investigating the reciprocal relationship of frailty and sleep quality at the multidimensional level. Specifically, the bidirectionality of these relationships was considered separately for physical, psychological, cognitive, and social frailty. Four random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models with three time points were conducted, using 3192 older adults (Mage = 60.21; 46.37% female at baseline) from the UK Biobank. The results revealed that while physical, psychological, and cognitive frailty were neither predictive of, nor predicted by, sleep quality, social frailty and sleep share a reciprocal relationship. These data therefore offer important preliminary evidence for the efficacy of early intervention and prevention strategies aimed at enhancing sleep quality to reduce social frailty, and vice versa.
Experiences, acceptability and barriers to calcium supplementation during pregnancy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Metta Emmy O. , Muhihi Alfa , Paulo Heavenlight A. , Sudfeld Christopher R. , Kaale Anna , Perumal Nandita , Mwanyika‐Sando Mary , Swai Ndeniria O. , Duggan Christopher P. , Masanja Honorati , Wylie Blair J. , Pembe Andrea B. , Fawzi Wafaie
Published: September 2024

Calcium supplementation in pregnancy is recommended in contexts with low dietary calcium intake to reduce the risk of pre‐eclampsia and its complications. The World Health Organisation suggested high‐dose calcium supplementation (1500–2000 mg/day), divided into three doses and taken at different times from daily iron‐folic supplements. We conducted a mixed methods evaluation study to assess experiences, acceptability and barriers to high‐dose calcium supplementation from the perspectives of pregnant women and antenatal health care providers at two public health facilities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to characterise acceptability, barriers and overall experiences of using high‐dose calcium supplementation. Pregnant women in the cohort were aged 19–41 years, with 32.4% being primiparous. The proportion of pregnant women who liked calcium supplements ‘a lot’ decreased from 50.2% at the first visit to 31.8% at the last antenatal follow‐up visit. Adherence was 71.3% (interquartile range: 50.5%, 89.3%), with only 24.0% of the participants taking 90% or more of the required supplements. Although participants expressed positive attitudes towards using calcium supplements, they also voiced concerns about the large size, side effects, the potential to forget and the burden of taking calcium supplements three times per day. Antenatal health care providers also affirmed the high burden of taking calcium supplements in addition to iron‐folic acid supplements. Participants expressed the acceptability of using calcium supplements during pregnancy, but adherence to three doses per day posed challenges to pregnant women. Reducing the number of calcium supplement doses per day may improve adherence.
Addendum to ‘Elements of the Philosophy of “Right”’
Authors: Westphal Jonathan
Published: September 2024

In a paper called ‘Elements of the Philosophy of “Right”’ (Philosophical Investigations (2022):1–8), I gave an account of what ‘right’ means, both ethically and generally. I was surprised to find little or no previous work on this topic. I came to the conclusion that the word means the same thing in ethical uses as it does in other non‐ethical uses. However, I have since come to see that there is a seemingly convincing objection to my account, though I stand by the account as given. The objection itself turns out to be a confusion.
Dynamics of ROS production, SOD, POD and CAT activity during stigma maturation and pollination in Nicotiana tabacum and Lilium longiflorum
Authors: Schekaleva O. , Luneva O. , Klimenko E. , Shaliukhina S. , Breygina M.
Published: September 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key regulator of physiological processes in pollen grains, and an essential component of stigma exudate. The mechanisms of this redox‐based regulatory system and its features in different plant groups are still unclear.

For two species from different families (tobacco and lily), the dynamics of total ROS, O•2− generation, and H2O2 concentration in stigma exudate were examined using EPR spectroscopy and quantitative colorimetric analysis. Dynamics of all major enzymes of redox homeostasis were analysed using native electrophoresis and zymography for four stages of stigma development, before and after pollination.

There were completely different patterns of ROS production and interconversion in the two species. In tobacco, the initially high level of ROS generation decreased before pollination but remained high. There was no CAT activity in fresh stigma tissues, which apparently contribute to the high level of H2O2. Lilium had peak O•2− generation at the fertile stage and high activity of H2O2‐reducing enzymes, including CAT, hence, H2O2 level remained relatively low.

We suggest that Lilium pollen germination is largely controlled by the SOD radical, while in Nicotiana H2O2 is the main form of ROS in the stigma.
Effects of diversified volatile profiles on olfactory orientation of flea beetles Phyllotreta spp. and the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella
Authors: Mäkinen J. K. , Saussure S. , Ruhanen H. , Räty E. , Blande J. D.
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the effect of mixing volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by host and non‐host plants on the orientation of key pests of Brassicaceae. The study aimed to understand how these mixed VOCs influence pest behaviour, which could help in tailoring pest management strategies.

The orientations of flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp., and the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, towards cabbage VOCs mixed with faba bean VOCs were assessed using Y‐tube olfactometry. The pests' preferences were measured to determine if the presence of faba bean alongside cabbage altered their olfactory orientation compared to cabbage alone.

Flea beetles showed a preference for cabbage VOCs alone over the cabbage–faba bean VOC mix. For DBM, no significant preference was observed between cabbage alone and the cabbage–faba bean mix. Previous findings indicated that faba bean attracts DBM, and in this study the mixture of cabbage and faba bean appeared to be more attractive than cabbage alone.

The results indicate that faba bean VOCs can deter flea beetles from cabbage, potentially offering a pest management strategy. However, the effect on DBM was inconclusive, with no clear preference observed. This suggests that while faba bean VOCs may influence pest orientation, their effectiveness varies among different pest species. Additionally, herbivore damage to cabbage leaves did not appear to influence the odour‐guided orientation of either pest, irrespective of the presence or absence of faba bean.
Control of hyperpnoea and pulmonary gas exchange during prolonged exercise: The role of group III/IV muscle afferent feedback
Authors: Iannetta Danilo , Weavil Joshua C. , Laginestra Fabio Giuseppe , Thurston Taylor S. , Broxterman Ryan M. , Jenkinson Robert H. , Curtis Michelle C. , Chang Jen , Wan Hsuan‐Yu , Amann Markus
Published: September 2024

It remains unclear whether feedback from group III/IV muscle afferents is of continuous significance for regulating the pulmonary response during prolonged (>5 min), steady‐state exercise. To elucidate the influence of these sensory neurons on hyperpnoea, gas exchange efficiency, arterial oxygenation and acid–base balance during prolonged locomotor exercise, 13 healthy participants (4 females; 21 (3) years, : 46 (8) ml/kg/min) performed consecutive constant‐load cycling bouts at ∼50% (20 min), ∼75% (20 min) and ∼100% (5 min) of with intact (CTRL) and pharmacologically attenuated (lumbar intrathecal fentanyl; FENT) group III/IV muscle afferent feedback from the legs. Pulmonary responses were continuously recorded and arterial blood (radial catheter) periodically collected throughout the exercise. Pulmonary gas exchange efficiency was evaluated using the alveolar‐arterial difference (). There were no differences in any of the variables of interest between conditions before the start of the exercise. Pulmonary ventilation was up to 20% lower across all intensities during FENT compared to CTRL exercise (P < 0.001) and this hypoventilation was accompanied by an up to 10% lower arterial and a 2–4 mmHg higher (both P < 0.001). The exercise‐induced widening of was up to 25% larger during FENT compared to CTRL (P < 0.001). Importantly, the differences developed within the first minute of each stage and persisted, or further increased, throughout the remainder of each bout. These findings reflect a critical and time‐independent significance of feedback from group III/IV leg muscle afferents for continuously regulating the ventilatory response, gas exchange efficiency, arterial oxygenation and acid–base balance during human locomotion.

image

Key points

Feedback from group III/IV leg muscle afferents reflexly contributes to hyperpnoea during short duration (i.e. <5 min) locomotor exercise.

Whether continuous feedback from these sensory neurons is obligatory to ensure adequate pulmonary responses during steady‐state exercise of longer duration remains unknown.

Lumbar intrathecal fentanyl was used to attenuate the central projection of group III/IV leg muscle afferents during prolonged locomotor exercise (i.e. 45 min) at intensities ranging from 50% to 100% of .

Without affecting the metabolic rate, afferent blockade compromised pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange efficiency, consistently impairing arterial oxygenation and facilitating respiratory acidosis throughout exercise.

These findings reflect the time‐independent significance of feedback from group III/IV muscle afferents for regulating exercise hyperpnoea and gas exchange efficiency, and thus for optimizing arterial oxygenation and acid–base balance, during prolonged human locomotion.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FOR OBTAINING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM AN ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT (F. sumbul (Kauffm.) Hook. f.)
Authors: Jamalova D.N. , Kurbaniyazova G.T. , Mustafina F.U.
Published: September 2024

In vitro microclonal reproduction protocols have been developed for some high-value medicinal ferule species, for example, F. ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov., F. assa-foetida L., F. gummosa Boiss., F. jaeschkeana Vatke, F. orientalis L. and Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen. To date, there are no reports of reproduction of F. sumbul in vitro. These species are vulnerable or threatened with extinction due to low seed germination, the duration of the dormant period of seeds, poor regeneration in nature, overexploitation by humans, as well as the lack of organized cultivation, limited geographical range, etc. These factors lead to the threat of extinction of the listed species.
The Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan is conducting research on the development of a protocol for microclonal reproduction of two valuable medical species of the genus Ferula L. (Apiaceae Lindl.): F. tadshikorum Pimenov and F. sumbul (Kauffm.) Hook. f. within the framework of the A-FA-2021-146 project "Creation of technology for the organization and reproduction of medicinal plants by in vitro method" with a implementation period of 2021-2024. Within the framework of the project, a dissertation work is being prepared.
F. sumbul - perennial, herbaceous. polycarpic. They could not germinate seeds in the laboratory. Therefore, mature seed germs were used as an explant. In all trea xplants (80-90%). only the consistency and color of the calluses differed. In order to proliferate somatic embryos, the embryogenic callus was passioned onto an MS nutrient medium that did not contain phytohormones. Some embryos were transferred to a nutrient medium of MS with IBA and BAP in low concentrations, as well as to nutrient media containing only phytohormone 2,4 D. In order to form regenerating plants by indirect somatic embryogenesis, the sixth and seventh passaging of somatic embryos was carried out on a hormone-free nutrient medium. It was at the stage 6-7 of passage that the maturation of somatic embryos and the development of regenerating plants in 42.1% of embryos were observed.
The formation of regenerating plants for species of the genus ferula was observed on the 5th month after introduction into culture in vitro, while for nutmeg ferula, the formation of regenerating plants was noted on the 7th month after introduction into culture in vitro.
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF KAZAKHSTAN'S FLORA
Authors: Abugalieva S. , Almerekova S. , Yermagambetova M. , Turuspekov Y.
Published: September 2024

Kazakhstan, with its expansive and diverse climate zones, boasts a rich and varied flora, featuring around 6,000 vascular species, including approximately 10% that are endemic. Effective management and study of this diverse flora requires continuous monitoring and inventory using advanced botanical, molecular genetic and bioinformatics techniques. This research focuses on exploring the genetic diversity within Kazakhstan's flora and establishing a comprehensive information database. Under Program 0237/PTF (2015-2017), efforts began to assess the genetic diversity of endemic, rare, endangered, and economically significant plant species of Kazakhstan. As part of grant АР05131621, an open-access web resource was developed, offering botanical and genetic data on Kazakhstan's flora. This database includes detailed botanical information on around 500 species. Ongoing research into the genetic diversity of different genera such as Juniperus, Tulipa, Allium, Iris, Salsola, and etc. promises to provide valuable insights into their population structure, phylogenetic relationships, and conservation strategies. Notably, this research has also initiated the first comparative analysis of plastid genomes in Kazakhstan.
This research has been funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP23490860, AP23483825, AP14870612, АР14869593, AP09259027, 0237/PTF-14, and АР05131621).
Modelo de influencia social en redes sociales para predecir la persuasión en la promoción y protección de derechos humanos
Authors: Tejada Orozco Luis Alfonso , Sandoval-Escobar Marithza , Rincón Vásquez Juan Carlos , Rivera-Eraso Álvaro
Published: September 2024

El objetivo del estudio fue examinar la práctica de “retweet” como actividad de influencia social y persuasión en redes, para identificar las variables asociadas con el fenómeno de e-WOM de mensajes relacionados con derechos humanos en Twitter®.  Se descargaron 46.380 tweets generados por cuentas asociadas a la promoción y protección de derechos humanos en Colombia y se analizaron 11.839 que registraron 100 o más “retweet_count”. Se realizó el análisis con la técnica del árbol de clasificación, a través del método CHAID que permite identificar las variables del mensaje realmente asociadas con el número de “retweet_count”. Los resultados evidencian que el contenido es el factor más importante para lograr mejor nivel de e “retweet_count” y mayor influencia social en la red. Contrario a otros estudios relacionados, el uso de #Hashtag, video o URL no tienen relación con el pronóstico de retuiteabilidad y el flujo del mensaje entre usuarios de la red.
Additive and Base Oil Trends in Electric Vehicle Applications
Authors: Shah Raj , Das Mrinaleni , Kabir M. Humaun , Liang Hong , Salvi Luca , Bunting T. Lindsey
Published: September 2024

Electric vehicle (EV) technology has matured over time, improving in some performance areas against traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Despite advancement, there are considerable opportunities for further improvements, particularly in the broader field of lubrication, including areas like grease. As in any mechanical system, greases and lubricants play a significant role in the component life of EV power plants and drivetrains. Moreover, they can significantly contribute to vehicle efficiency, energy savings, and overall driving experience. Since the lubricants in EVs work under harsh thermal and electrical environments, designing an ideal high performance and stable lubricant can be challenging. This article evaluates the industry's progress on EV lubrication including analyzing existing lithium-based lubricants and spotlighting advanced material additives such as graphene, boron nitride, or cutting-edge ionic liquids. It also discusses optimizing base stock selection, with a focus on polyalphaolefin (PAO) molecules and designing various additives to enhance the lubricant's performance, targeting EV applications. This article concludes by exploring the development of nanotechnology and advanced biotechnology for water-based lubricants, promoting efficient lubrication in the electric vehicle sector.
Stability and Combustion/Emission Characteristics of Stratified Dual-Swirl Oxy-Methane Flames: Effects of Oxygen Fraction
Authors: Hamdy Mohamed , El-Adawy Mohammed , Abdelhalim Ahmed , Abdelhafez Ahmed , Nemitallah Medhat A.
Published: September 2024

The stability, combustion, and emission features of stratified oxy-methane (CH4/O2/CO2) flames stabilized over a dual annular counter-rotating swirl (DACRS) burner, developed for gas turbine combustion applications, were investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed at fixed velocity ratio (Vr = Vp/Vs = 3.0) in both the primary and secondary streams at a constant primary stream velocity, Vp of 5 m/s and at fixed primary stream equivalence ratio, φp = 0.9, and over ranges of oxygen fractions (OFp for the primary stream, OFs for the secondary stream) and secondary stream equivalence ratios. Measurements of flame macrostructure, temperature profiles, and exhaust emissions were recorded to characterize the flames and validate future numerical models. The testing findings revealed no flame flashback within the operational ranges of OFp and OFs and up to φs = 1.0. However, the near stoichiometric operation of the primary stream (φp = 0.9) at OFp = 0.38 permitted the main secondary flame to tolerate exceptionally lean conditions (φs = 0.397 at OFs = 0.34 and φs = 0.223 at OFs = 0.39), raising the thresholds for the flame blowout. Increasing OFp from 0.21 to 0.38 significantly reduced φS at blowout from 0.537 to 0.223, corresponding to a decrease in the combustor's global equivalence ratio (φg) at blowout from 0.554 to 0.254 at global oxygen fraction (OFg) from 0.38 to 0.39. Lower OFp values caused earlier flame lift-off, indicating the greater influence of OFp on flame macrostructures.
Machine Learning for Forecasting Solar Irradiance Using Satellite and Limited Ground Data
Authors: Luna Jocellyn , Chancusig Alex , Cordova-Garcia Jose , Soriano Guillermo
Published: September 2024

We propose a machine learning-based methodology suitable for use in regions where full availability of meteorological data is lacking. In response to the growing global energy demand and the need to reduce the carbon footprint generated by fossil fuels, solar energy has become the central renewable energy source through small and large-scale photovoltaic systems. Solar energy production depends on the available amount of solar irradiation in a given area, considering the influence of external factors such as environmental conditions, seasons, geographic location, and others. Many regions in the global south do not maintain an updated solar irradiance database, limiting an efficient solar potential analysis. Meteorological stations can provide high-precision ground measurements. However, such stations cover specific locations that cause a spatial data availability problem. This problem can be solved using satellite data, which provides zone-wise spatial information. However, the measurements made by satellites are not as accurate as those obtained on the ground. In this work, we opted for tree-based regression models to map satellite to meteorological stations’ Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI). Then, we propose using these data generated through regression for GHI forecasting to facilitate applications such as sizing and operating photovoltaic and solar thermal systems. We illustrate this methodology through a case study where we used the generated dataset along with an LSTM neural network showing better performance in forecasting short-term irradiance when compared to an statistical baseline.
Design and Simulation of a Novel and Efficient PVT System: Evacuated Tube Photovoltaic Thermal System
Authors: Roshanzadeh Behnam , Vorobieff Peter , Mohan Gowtham
Published: September 2024

In single-junction photovoltaic (PV) systems, a large portion of the solar energy is converted to heat and dissipated to the environment as the electrical conversion efficiency of the PV cells is around 20% or less. Also, the electrical efficiency of the PV cells decreases with rise in the surface temperature of the cells. Accordingly, photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems have been introduced as a hybrid system to extract heat from PV panels and utilize it for domestic hot water, desalination, space heating, etc. In this research, an advanced and novel evacuated tube PVT system has been designed and simulated for highly efficient and sustainable cogeneration of heat and electricity. The PVT system is encapsulated inside an evacuated tube glazing that minimizes the convective heat losses to the environment. At a solar irradiance level of 900 W/m2, the system can deliver hot water with an outlet temperature of 61.8 °C, thermal efficiency of 54.96%, and electrical efficiency of 15.81%. Thermal and electrical performances of the PVT system depend on the solar irradiance level and water outlet temperature, and in most cases, the total efficiency of the system is above 70%.
Modified Single Slope Solar Still With External Reflectors
Authors: Alrashidi Abdullah
Published: September 2024

In this work, a single slope still with a single basin that has dimensions of 100 cm 100 cm and is composed of 2 mm thick galvanized iron-sheet, is designed with external reflectors to develop and maximize the system’s efficiency. This modification allows to increase the system’s heat inside the solar still that contains the desalinated water through a glass cover. The conventional design is compared with the modified design during daytime. The temperatures of the inner glass, outer glass, water in the basin, and the outside temperature were recorded every half an hour. The basin and reflectors were maintained as the same size. During testing, four external reflectors were used from the still’s four sides, and their effects on productivity were examined. The temperature of the distilled water, the inner and outer glass covers, the water in the basin, the stills with and without reflectors, and the surrounding temperature, pressure, wind speed, and direction were all monitored every half hour. Results of the test for a typical summer day showed that the water temperature increases until it reaches its peak in the afternoon because more solar energy is absorbed than is lost to the atmosphere. Around 2 pm, the amount of solar energy lost starts to outweigh the amount of solar radiation absorbed, which results in a decrease in water temperature due to glass has a lower temperature than water, it can condense vapor. Early in the day, when the water absorbs less energy, there is less productivity since the temperature differential between the water in the glass and the air is smaller. The maximum peak solar radiation intensity increased by roughly 17%. Also, glass, water and absorber temperatures were enhanced. Hourly and cumulative water productivities were improved by 40% and 50% respectively.
Techno-Economic and Environmental Performance Comparison of Different Systems for Space Heating Systems in Cold Climates – Case of the Bow Valley Municipalities
Authors: Darbandi Amirhossein , Castaneda Arias Isabella , Holm-Radford Max , Govedarica Aleksandra , Shor Roman , Mwesigye Aggrey
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of utilizing shallow geothermal systems for space heating and cooling in the Bow Valley region of Canada. Three building types, including a duplex, an apartment and a hotel, were considered. To evaluate the energy demand of each building type, building energy models were developed using BEopt™ and validated using actual gas consumption. To meet the energy needs of each building, the performance of various heating systems, such as forced-air furnaces, air-source heat pumps (ASHP), groundwater heat pumps (GWHP), ground-source heat pumps (GSHP), and electric resistance heaters, was evaluated. The analysis was based on realistic input data, geological information, and location-specific conditions. The results showed that GSHPs are the most energy-efficient heating system, followed by GWHPs, cold climate ASHP, conventional ASHP, electric resistance heating, and gas furnaces. In terms of CO2 emissions, GSHPs show the lowest emissions. For the duplex building, a GSHP emitted 44 tCO2 compared to 289 tCO2 for the high-efficiency gas furnaces. The economic viability of each system varied depending on factors such as location and natural gas prices. Compared to high-efficiency gas furnaces, the results showed that the payback period for GSHPs and GWHPs ranged from 15 to 40 years, while it was 15 to 30 years for ASHPs and cold climate ASHPs, depending on available grants and incentives and local energy prices.
The Optimized Operation Strategy of Centralized Water-Cooling Air Conditioning System in Multi-Terminal Data Center Based on Supply and Demand Matching
Authors: Ge Yuyao , Tu Rang
Published: September 2024

With the continuous development of digital economy, the number and scale of data centers are increasing year by year, and the energy consumption of data centers is also increasing. At present, most of the data center heat system operation regulation depends on artificial experience, to meet the needs of the safe operation of the server is considered, not from the perspective of energy saving, heat system of indoor side heat environment control, and the cold source system side is not according to the end demand and the demand difference between the end of the water supply temperature control and water flow optimization distribution, not only makes the natural cold source is not effectively use, and reduce the active cold source. For the multi-terminal data center with the centralized water cooling source system with natural cooling source, this study analyzed the heat transfer and thermodynamic process of the system, established the corresponding numerical model, and optimized the operation strategy of the system of centralized water-cooled air conditioning system in the data center. In view of the energy consumption waste of air conditioning system caused by supply and demand mismatch and excessive cooling in most data center current operation, this study proposes an personalized optimization strategy for centralized water-cooled air-conditioning systems in multi-terminal data centers based on supply-demand matching. Using this optimization method, a typical case was simulated and optimized with the outdoor environment of Beijing. Compared with the non-optimized working condition, the annual average chilled water supply temperature was raised from 12°C to 14.27°C, and the upper operating temperature of the natural cooling source was raised from 10°C to 15.897°C. Moreover, the NCM operation hours of the data center cooling source system were extended by 32.57% and the energy consumption of the cooling source system reduced by 28.70%.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Solar Energy Harvesting Field With PV Panels at Optimized Tilt Angles Under Year-Round Weather Cycles
Authors: Gwesha Ammar O. , Li Peiwen , Alfulayyih Yasir M.
Published: September 2024

This study introduces the Sunray-Energy Algorithm (SEA), an innovative tool designed to estimate the maximum solar energy received by photovoltaic (PV) solar panels. Evaluating optimal tilt angles under year-round cloud cover, SEA yields annual energy of 2206.36, 2371.58, 2371.89, and 2407.40 for one-time, twice/year, quarterly, and monthly PV tilt angle adjustments. The application of SEA extends to a comprehensive cost analysis for The University of Arizona Tech Park’s Solar Zone in Tucson, AZ, USA. Predicted annual energy harvests range from 39.966 to 43.607 GWh, demonstrating SEA’s capacity estimation.

The application of SEA extends to a comprehensive cost analysis of PV Solar Panel Installation, emphasizing a case study within the Solar Zone at The University of Arizona Tech Park. The study assesses the solar field’s theoretical solar energy harvest (AEP) for a 37.3-acre area, considering various tilt adjustment frequencies. SEA predicts annual energy harvests of 39.966 GWh, 42.958 GWh, 42.964 GWh, and 43.607 GWh for one-time, twice/year, quarterly, and monthly adjustments, respectively. The algorithm demonstrates proficiency in predicting potential plant capacity, estimating capacities of 15.68 MW, 16.85 MW, 16.85 MW, and 17.11 MW for the above-mentioned adjustments, respectively.

Establishing a 6MW plant capacity aligned with the predicted maximum theoretical solar energy harvest, the study delves into the impact of degradation rates on Annual Energy Production (AEP). Over a 25-year lifespan, the plant is anticipated to produce 90% of its initial electricity, emphasizing long-term sustainability considerations. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) for the 6MW PV solar field is calculated as $44.05/MWh, $37.35/MWh, and $33.08/MWh for lifespans of 20, 25, and 30 years, respectively, aligning with industry benchmarks.

The study highlights the significant influence of orientation and tilt angle on solar energy reception and LCoE. An in-depth exploration of Operations and Maintenance (O&M) costs highlights their significant influence on LCoE. With variations in O&M costs from $13 to $25 per kilowatt-DC per year, the study emphasizes the importance of strategic decision-making in optimizing revenue outcomes. The solar farm’s impact on residential energy needs is assessed, indicating its potential to power approximately 1577 homes in the first year and 1372 homes after 20 years. The 6MW solar plant’s economic viability is supported by a short payback period of 6.78 to 7.63 years. Combining SEA with economic assessments, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of solar energy technologies.
Understanding Li-Ion Battery Degradation Under Realistic Loads
Authors: Mohammadi Efat , Headley Alexander John
Published: September 2024

Electrochemical systems, including batteries, play a pivotal role in the transition towards a low-carbon economy. The global rise in renewable energy adoption has stimulated a high demand for energy storage technologies. As more energy is derived from fluctuating renewable sources, energy storage systems capable of retaining this energy become increasingly valuable. Batteries serve to balance the demand for electricity with the supply from green energy sources. However, various degradation mechanisms impact electrochemical systems’ performance and longevity by affecting their different components. Therefore, understanding and mitigating these degradation phenomena is vital to improve the durability, efficiency, and reliability of these systems. The stability of electrochemical systems over time, particularly when powered by naturally intermittent renewable sources like solar or wind with fluctuating input power profiles, remains a complex issue. The escalating demand for Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) across various sectors, ranging from portable devices to electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage systems, underscores the importance of investigating battery degradation over time under realistic loading scenarios. To investigate these degradation mechanisms, novel in-situ or ex-situ characterization techniques are needed to capture the aging phenomena in batteries. Typically test methods used in existing literature are not realistic. Therefore, in this study, a Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) system is introduced to perform aging studies on various Li-ion chemistries under realistic load profiles. We developed a test station that can emulate real loading profiles and monitor system health in response. The aim of this research is to provide a tool to characterize the effect of differences in operating conditions such that we can develop control methods to minimize degradation rates. Here we present preliminary requirement on Li-ion battery real time testing to achieve an understanding of battery degradation phenomena in real-world applications.