bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy on disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: a multicentre cohort study from the GETAID
Authors: Broussard Doriane , Rivière Pauline , Bonnet Joelle , Fotsing Ginette , Amiot Aurélien , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Rajca Sylvie , Buisson Anthony , Gilleta Cyrielle , Pelletier Anne‐Laure , Serrero Melanie , Bouguen Guillaume , Altwegg Romain , Hebuterne Xavier , Nancey Stephane , Fumery Mathurin , Cadiot Guillaume , Nahon Stephane , Rahier Jean‐Francois , Gornet Jean‐Marc , Vendrely Veronique , Laharie David ,   Groupe d’Étude Thérapeutique des Affections Inflammatoires du Tube Digestif (GETAID)
Published: September 2023

Background

Abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients raises concerns regarding the risk of worsening of underlying disease.

Aim

To assess the impact of radiotherapy on IBD course.

Methods

A retrospective multicentre study including IBD patients exposed to abdominal or pelvic irradiation was conducted, retrieving IBD activity by semester (6‐month periods) before (from S‐4 to S‐1) and after (from S + 1 to S + 6) radiotherapy and IBD flare during follow‐up.

Results

Sixty‐one patients (32 women, mean age 59 years), with 467 patient semesters of follow‐up, treated for digestive (n = 31), urinary tract (n = 23) and gynaecological cancers (n = 7) were included. Rates of IBD activity per semester were, respectively, 21% (95% CI: 16‐27) from S‐4 to S‐1; 12% (7‐19) from S + 1 to S + 3 (P = 0.15 vs S‐4 to S‐1) and 16% (10‐25) from S + 4 to S + 6 (P = 0.45 vs S‐4 to S‐1). With a median follow‐up of 156 weeks (interquartile range: 82‐365), rates of survival without IBD flare at 1 and 3 years after radiotherapy were 82.5% (73.2‐93.0) and 70.6% (58.8‐84.7). Moderate‐to‐severe acute radiotherapy‐induced gut toxicity and the absence of concomitant chemotherapy were independently associated with an increased risk of flare.

Conclusion

Most patients with non‐active IBD can be safely treated with abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy. Patients having acute gut toxicity and those without concomitant chemotherapy should be more closely monitored in the post‐radiotherapy period.
Circulatory microRNAs as potential biomarkers for fatty liver disease: the Rotterdam study
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Mens Michelle M. J. , Abozaid Yasir J. , Bos Daniel , Darwish Murad Sarwa , de Knegt Robert J. , Ikram M. Arfan , Pan Qiuwei , Ghanbari Mohsen
Published: September 2023

Background

Fatty liver disease (FLD) is the most common cause of liver dysfunction in developed countries. There is great interest in developing clinically valid and minimally invasive biomarkers to enhance early diagnosis of FLD.

Aim

To investigate the potential of circulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of FLD at the population level.

Methods

Plasma levels of 2083 miRNAs were measured by RNA sequencing in 1999 participants from the prospective population‐based Rotterdam Study cohort. The Hounsfield Unit (HU) attenuation of liver was measured using non‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan. Logistic and linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders were used to examine the association of circulatory miRNAs with liver enzymes (n = 1991) and CT‐based FLD (n = 954). Moreover, the association of miRNAs with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis was assessed longitudinally in individuals who underwent abdominal ultrasound (n = 1211) and transient elastography (n = 777) after a median follow‐up of >6 years.

Results

Cross‐sectional analysis showed 61 miRNAs significantly associated with serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase and/or alkaline phosphatase levels (Bonferroni‐corrected P < 8.46 × 10−5). Moreover, 17 miRNAs were significantly associated with CT‐based FLD (P < 8.46 × 10−5); 14 were among miRNAs associated with liver enzymes. Longitudinal analysis showed that 4 of these 14 miRNAs (miR‐193a‐5p, miR‐122‐5p, miR‐378d and miR‐187‐3p) were significantly associated with hepatic steatosis (P < 3.57 × 10−3) and three (miR‐193a‐5p, miR‐122‐5p and miR‐193b‐3p) were nominally associated with liver fibrosis (P < 0.05). Nine of the 14 identified miRNAs were involved in pathways underlying liver diseases.

Conclusions

Plasma levels of several miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of FLD, laying the groundwork for future clinical applications.
Letter: propensity score—handle with care
Authors: Macaluso Fabio Salvatore , Orlando Ambrogio
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Townsend et al and Townsend & Subramanian papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16057 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16211
Mucosal penetration and clearance of gluten and milk antigens in eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Ravi Anupama , Marietta Eric V. , Alexander Jeffrey A. , Peterson Kathryn , Lavey Crystal , Geno Debra M. , Murray Joseph A. , Katzka David A.
Published: September 2023

Background

The Th2 allergic pathway in eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) responds to food antigen exposure.

Aim

To compare the presence and temporal pattern of food antigen penetration in oesophageal mucosa in active and inactive EoE and controls

Methods

Thirty‐two patients with EoE (20 active) and 10 controls were asked to eliminate all wheat and/or dairy 12, 24, 48, 72 or 96 hours before endoscopy. Immunostaining on endoscopic biopsies was performed for gliadin, casein and whey.

Results

Gluten, casein and whey were detected by positive staining in 17/32 (53.1%), 21/32 (65.6%), and 30/32 (92.0%) of patients, respectively. In active vs inactive EoE, 70.0% vs 25.0% (P < 0.05), 80.0% vs 41.5%, and 90.0% vs 90.9% patients had detectable gliadin, casein and whey, respectively. Casein and whey (20.0% and 100%, respectively) but not gliadin, were present in controls. The gliadin staining density was greater in active compared to inactive disease at ≤ 24 vs >24 hours after exposure (P = 0.05) but no differences were detected when comparing active and inactive patients for casein and whey. There was greater staining density for whey than casein for all patients at ≤24 hours (mean 2.14 ± 0.91 and 1.07 ± 1.33, P = 0.02). In active EoE, IgG4 was present in 14/20 compared to one inactive patient.

Conclusion

The oesophageal epithelium is selectively permeable and has relatively long dwell times for food antigens known to trigger EoE. The precise mechanism of antigen‐specific mucosal entry and the factors that determine the induction or effector trigger of the Th2 pathway activation merit further study.
Effectiveness and safety of obeticholic acid in a Southern European multicentre cohort of patients with primary biliary cholangitis and suboptimal response to ursodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Gomez Elena , Garcia Buey Luisa , Molina Esther , Casado Marta , Conde Isabel , Berenguer Marina , Jorquera Francisco , Simón Miguel‐Angel , Olveira Antonio , Hernández‐Guerra Manuel , Mesquita Monica , Presa Jose , Costa‐Moreira Pedro , Macedo Guilherme , Arenas Juan I. , Manuel Sousa Jose , Ampuero Javier , Morillas Rosa M. , Santos Arsenio , De Carvalho Armando , Uriz Javier , Carrión Jose A. , Luisa Gutiérrez Maria , Pérez‐Fernández Elia , Fernández‐Rodríguez Conrado M. ,   the IBER‐PBC leading Cooperative Group
Published: September 2023

Background

Obeticholic acid (OCA) was recently approved as the only on‐label alternative for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) with intolerance or suboptimal response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). However, few data are available outside clinical trials.

Aim

To assess the effectiveness and safety of OCA in a real‐world cohort of patients with non‐effective UDCA therapy.

Methods

Open‐label, prospective, real‐world, multicentre study, enrolling consecutive patients who did not meet Paris II criteria, from 18 institutions in Spain and Portugal. Effectiveness was assessed by the changes in GLOBE and UK‐PBC scores from baseline. POISE and Paris II criteria were evaluated after 12 months of OCA . Liver fibrosis was evaluated by FIB‐4 and AST to platelet ratio index (APRI).

Results

One hundred and twenty patients were eligible, median time since PBC diagnosis 9.3 (4.0‐13.8) years, 21.7% had cirrhosis, and 26.7% received had previous or concomitant treatment with fibrates. Seventy‐eight patients completed at least 1 year of OCA. The Globe‐PBC score decreased to 0.17 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.28; P = 0.005) and the UK‐PBC score decreased to 0.81 (95% CI −0.19 to 1.80; P = 0.11). There was a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase of 81.3 U/L (95% CI 42.5 to 120; P < 0.001), ALT 22.1 U/L (95% CI 10.4 to 33.8; P < 0.001) and bilirubin 0.12 mg/dL (95% CI 0 to 0.24; P = 0.044). FIB‐4 and APRI remained stable. According to the POISE criteria, 29.5% (23 out of 78) achieved response. The adverse events rate was 35%; 11.67% discontinued (8.3% due to pruritus).

Conclusions

This study supports data from phase III trials with significant improvement of PBC‐Globe continuous prognostic marker score among OCA‐treated patients with good tolerability.
Letter: rates and determinants of significant liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis B virus‐infected patients with low ALT levels in the absence of significant fibrosis—authors' reply
Authors: Sonneveld Milan J. , Brouwer Willem P. , de Man Robert A. , Janssen Harry L. A. ,   for the SONIC‐B Study Group
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Sonneveld et al and Huang papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16067 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16164
Derivation and validation of a novel method to subgroup patients with functional dyspepsia: beyond upper gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Barberio Brigida , Pinto‐Sanchez Maria Ines , Bercik Premysl , Sood Ruchit , Savarino Edoardo V. , Moayyedi Paul , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C.
Published: September 2023

Background

Conventionally, patients with functional dyspepsia are subgrouped based on upper gastrointestinal symptoms, according to the Rome criteria. However, psychological co‐morbidity and extraintestinal symptoms are also relevant to functional gastrointestinal disorders.

Aim

To investigate whether it is possible to subgroup people with functional dyspepsia using factors beyond upper gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methods

We collected demographic, symptom and psychological health data from adult subjects meeting the Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia in two secondary care cross‐sectional surveys in Canada and the UK. We performed latent class analysis, a method of model‐based clustering, to identify specific subgroups (clusters). For each cluster, we drew a radar plot, and compared these by visual inspection, describing cluster characteristics.

Results

In total, 400 individuals met Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia in the Canadian cohort, and 262 the UK cohort. A four‐cluster model was the optimum solution and the characteristics of the clusters were almost identical between the two cohorts. The clusters were defined by a pattern of gastrointestinal symptoms and were further differentiated by the extent of extraintestinal and psychological co‐morbidity. Cluster 1 (mean age 46.7 years, 66.7% female) consisted of epigastric pain and nausea with high psychological burden, cluster 2 (mean age 41.5 years, 77.7% female) high overall gastrointestinal symptom severity with high psychological burden, cluster 3 (45.8 years, 67.2% female) oesophageal symptoms and early satiety with low psychological burden, and cluster 4 (mean age 40.4 years, 71.5% female) postprandial fullness with low psychological burden. We validated the model derived using the Canadian study population externally by applying it to the UK dataset. We demonstrated reproducibility; it would perform similarly when applied to a different dataset.

Conclusions

Latent class analysis identified four distinct functional dyspepsia subgroups characterised by varying degrees of gastrointestinal symptoms, extraintestinal symptoms and psychological co‐morbidity. Further research is needed to assess whether they might be used to direct treatment.
Editorial: a pipe dream fulfilled? A therapeutic option for fatigue in IBD
Authors: LeBlanc Jean‐Frédéric , Hart Ailsa L.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Bager et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16166 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16209
Editorial: can serum triiodothyronine‐to‐thyroxine (T3/T4) ratio predict safety and efficacy of biologic treatment in IBD?
Authors: Carbery Isabel , Selinger Christian P.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Bertani et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16167 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16213
Editorial: fatigue—difficult to assess and difficult to treat. Authors' reply
Authors: Schreiner Philipp , von Känel Roland , Misselwitz Benjamin
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Schreiner et al and Murray papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16145 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16178
Safety of ustekinumab or vedolizumab in pregnant inflammatory bowel disease patients: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Wils Pauline , Seksik Philippe , Stefanescu Carmen , Nancey Stephane , Allez Matthieu , Pineton de Chambrun Guillaume , Altwegg Romain , Gilletta Cyrielle , Vuitton Lucine , Viennot Stéphanie , Serrero Mélanie , Fumery Mathurin , Savoye Guillaume , Collins Michael , Goutorbe Felix , Brixi Hedia , Bouguen Guillaume , Tavernier Noémie , Boualit Medina , Amiot Aurélien , Abitbol Vered , Laharie David , Pariente Benjamin ,   the PREGNANCY‐GETAID study group
Published: September 2023

Background

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is high in women of childbearing age. Achieving clinical remission from conception to delivery using current medications is a major issue in IBD.

Aims

To assess maternal and neonatal complications and management of vedolizumab or ustekinumab) in pregnant women with IBD receiving these agents.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study among GETAID centres including women with IBD who received ustekinumab or vedolizumab during pregnancy or within the 2 months before conception and compared outcomes to women exposed to anti‐TNF treatment during pregnancy.

Results

Seventy‐three pregnancies in 68 women with IBD were analysed: 29 on ustekinumab resulting in 26 (90%) live births, two (7%) spontaneous abortions and one (3%) elective termination; 44 on vedolizumab resulting in 38 (86%) live births, five (11%) spontaneous abortions and one (3%) medical interruption. The control group included 88 pregnancies exposed to anti‐TNF in 76 women with IBD. The median age at conception, the proportion of women who smoked or in clinical activity at conception was comparable between groups. Only the proportion of patients exposed to >2 anti‐TNF agents was significantly increased among the ustekinumab and vedolizumab groups compared to control group (22% and 10% vs 3%, P < 0.005). Rates of prematurity, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations and maternal complications were comparable between groups.

Conclusion

We report 73 pregnancies in patients receiving vedolizumab or ustekinumab without a negative signal on maternal or neonatal outcomes. Further prospective studies are needed on the outcomes of pregnancies with new biologic drugs.
Drug survival of anti‐TNF agents compared with vedolizumab as a second‐line biological treatment in inflammatory bowel disease: results from nationwide Swedish registers
Authors: Rundquist Sara , Sachs Michael C. , Eriksson Carl , Olén Ola , Montgomery Scott , Halfvarson Jonas ,   The SWIBREG Study Group
Published: September 2023

Background

Comparisons of second‐line anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents and vedolizumab are sparse.

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of anti‐TNF agents compared to vedolizumab as second‐line biologics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

A propensity score‐matched cohort was created using Swedish nationwide registers. Patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, exposed to first‐line anti‐TNF treatment, who initiated a second anti‐TNF agent or vedolizumab in 2014‐2016 (N = 1363) were included. The primary outcome was drug survival at 12 months. Secondarily, we assessed survival without IBD‐related hospitalisation, IBD‐related surgery, antibiotics, or hospitalisation because of infection, and also corticosteroid exposure.

Results

After 1:1 propensity score matching, 400 patients (Crohn's disease, N = 198; ulcerative colitis, N = 202) remained. For Crohn's disease, drug survival was 73% in the vedolizumab group vs 74% in the anti‐TNF group (difference: 1 percentage point; 95% confidence interval [CI]:‐11‐13; P = 0.87). Survival without IBD‐related hospitalisation (82% vs 88%), surgery (82% vs 89%), antibiotics (65% vs 71%), hospitalisation due to infection (95% vs 88%) and corticosteroids (58% vs 48%) were not statistically significantly different between groups. For ulcerative colitis, drug survival was 69% in the vedolizumab group vs 62% in the anti‐TNF group (difference: −7 percentage points; 95% CI: −20 to 6; P = 0.30). Vedolizumab‐treated patients had lower survival without IBD‐related hospitalisation (82% vs 93%, P = 0.02). Survival without colectomy (93% vs 97%), antibiotics (81% vs 70%), hospitalisation due to infection (92% vs 92%) and corticosteroids (58% vs 48%) were not statistically significantly different.

Conclusions

Based on Swedish clinical practice, the effectiveness and safety of second‐line anti‐TNF and vedolizumab at 12 months appeared largely similar.
Letter: PPIs in EoE—More questions than answers
Authors: Miehlke Stephan , von Arnim Ulrike , Attwood Stephen
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Laserna‐Mendieta et al and Lucendo et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15957 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16216
Letter: no‐biopsy pathway for diagnosing adult coeliac disease—authors' reply
Authors: Kurppa Kalle , Kivelä Laura , Kaukinen Katri
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Fuchs et al and Paul et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15109 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16133
Editorial: “Stardust gastric mucosa” – A novel and consistent marker of vonoprazan safety during follow‐up?
Authors: Luu Maxime , Ben Ghezala Ines , Bardou Marc
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Yoshizaki et al paper. To view these article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16151
Microbiome as a potential diagnostic and predictive biomarker in severe alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Kim Soon Sun , Eun Jung Woo , Cho Hyo Jung , Song Do Seon , Kim Chang Wook , Kim Young Seok , Lee Sung Won , Kim Yoon‐Keun , Yang Jinho , Choi Jinhee , Yim Hyung Joon , Cheong Jae Youn
Published: September 2023

Background

Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most aggressive form of alcohol‐related liver disease with high mortality. The microbiome is an emerging therapeutic target in alcohol‐related liver disease.

Aims

To investigate the microbiome composition in patients with severe AH, and to determine microbiome recovery after rifaximin treatment in gut bacteria and bacteria derived‐extracellular vesicles.

Methods

We enrolled 24 patients with severe AH and 24 healthy controls. Additional faecal samples were collected after 4 weeks in 8 patients with severe AH who completed rifaximin treatment. Treatment response was defined based on Lille score model after 7 days of treatment. Metagenomic profiling was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing.

Results

Faecal microbiomes of patients with severe AH had lower alpha diversity and higher beta diversity than those of healthy controls in both gut bacteria and extracellular vesicles. Bacilli, Lactobacillales and Veillonella were significantly increased in the gut bacteria of patients with severe AH, and Veillonella, Veillonella parvula group and Lactobacillales were significantly increased in the extracellular vesicles of patients with severe AH. Eubacterium_g23, Oscillibacter and Clostridiales decreased in the gut bacteria of patients with severe AH, and Eubacterium_g23, Oscillibacter and Christensenellaceae decreased in the extracellular vesicles of patients with severe AH. After rifaximin treatment, 17 taxa in the gut bacteria and 23 taxa in extracellular vesicles were significantly restored in patients with severe AH. In common, Veillonella and Veillonella parvula group increased in patients with severe AH and decreased after rifaximin treatment, and Prevotella and Prevotellaceae decreased in patients with severe AH and increased after rifaximin treatment. Treatment non‐responders showed a significantly lower abundance of Prevotella at baseline than did treatment responders.

Conclusion

Dysbiosis was confirmed in severe AH but was alleviated by rifaximin treatment. Taxa associated with severe AH can be candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Fructan‐sensitive children with irritable bowel syndrome have distinct gut microbiome signatures
Authors: Chumpitazi Bruno P. , Hoffman Kristi L. , Smith Daniel P. , McMeans Ann R. , Musaad Salma , Versalovic James , Petrosino Joseph F. , Shulman Robert J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Dietary fructans may worsen gastrointestinal symptoms in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Aim

To determine whether gut microbiome composition and function are associated with childhood IBS fructan‐induced symptoms.

Methods

Faecal samples were collected from 38 children aged 7‐17 years with paediatric Rome III IBS, who previously completied a double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled crossover (fructan vs maltodextrin) trial. Fructan sensitivity was defined as an increase of ≥30% in abdominal pain frequency during the fructan diet. Gut microbial composition was determined via 16Sv4 rDNA sequencing. LEfSe evaluated taxonomic composition differences. Tax4Fun2 predicted microbial fructan metabolic pathways.

Results

At baseline, 17 fructan‐sensitive (vs 21 fructan‐tolerant) subjects had lower alpha diversity (q < 0.05) and were enriched in the genus Holdermania. In contrast, fructan‐tolerant subjects were enriched in 14 genera from the class Clostridia. During the fructan diet, fructan‐sensitive (vs tolerant) subjects were enriched in both Agathobacter (P = 0.02) and Cyanobacteria (P = 0.0001). In contrast, fructan‐tolerant subjects were enriched in three genera from the Clostridia class. Comparing the fructan vs maltodextrin diet, fructan‐sensitive subjects had a significantly increased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (P = 0.02) while fructan‐tolerant subjects had increased Anaerostipes (P = 0.03) during the fructan diet. Only fructan‐sensitive subjects had a trend towards increased predicted β‐fructofuranosidase during the fructan vs maltodextrin diet.

Conclusions

Fructan‐sensitive children with IBS have distinct gut microbiome signatures. These microbiome signatures differ both at baseline and in response to a fructan challenge.
Editorial: Penetration of food protein through the oesophageal mucosa—is this where EoE starts?
Authors: Uchida Amiko M. , Dougan Michael
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Ravi et al and Ravi & Katzka papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16180 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16223
Editorial: “Please Sir, I want some more” data to guide delivery of abdominopelvic radiotherapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Jahraus Christopher D.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Broussard et al paper. To view these article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16176
Editorial: a pipe dream fulfilled? A therapeutic option for fatigue in IBD. Authors' reply
Authors: Bager Palle , Hvas Christian Lodberg , Rud Charlotte Lock , Dahlerup Jens Frederik
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Bager et al and LeBlanc & Hart papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16166 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16185
Letter: propensity score—handle with care. Authors’ reply
Authors: Townsend Tristan , Subramanian Sreedhar
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Townsend et al and Macaluso & Orlando papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16057 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16179
Editorial: can serum triiodothyronine‐to‐thyroxine (T3/T4) ratio predict safety and efficacy of biologic treatment in IBD? Authors' reply
Authors: Bertani Lorenzo , Pugliese Daniela , Tricò Domenico , Costa Francesco , Blandizzi Corrado
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Bertani et al and Carbery & Selinger papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16167 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16286
Editorial: missed opportunities to detect colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease—getting to the root. Authors’ reply
Authors: Chee Desmond , Kennedy Nicholas A. , Goodhand James R. , Ahmad Tariq
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Gordon et al and Mahmoud & Itzkowitz papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16155 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16175
Letter: PPI in EoE – more questions than answers. Authors' reply
Authors: Lucendo Alfredo J. , Arias Ángel , Laserna‐Mendieta Emilio J.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Laserna‐Mendieta et al and Miehlke et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15957 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16194
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: safety and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with pre‐existing inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Meserve Joseph , Facciorusso Antonio , Holmer Ariela K. , Annese Vito , Sandborn William J. , Singh Siddharth
Published: September 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors may variably impact patients with pre‐existing autoimmune diseases.

Aims

To evaluate the risks and outcomes of adverse events in patients with pre‐existing inflammatory bowel diseases treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods

Through a systematic literature review up until July 31, 2020, we identified 12 studies reporting the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors in 193 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Outcomes of interest were relapse of inflammatory bowel disease, need for corticosteroids and/or biologics to manage inflammatory bowel disease relapse, and discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We calculated pooled rates (with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) using random effects meta‐analysis, and examined risk factors associated with adverse outcomes through qualitative synthesis of individual studies.

Results

On meta‐analysis, 40% patients (95% CI, 26%‐55%) experienced relapse of inflammatory bowel disease with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Among patients who experienced relapse, 76% (95% CI, 65%‐85%) required corticosteroids, and 37% (95% CI, 22%‐53%) required biologic therapy. Overall, 35% patients (95% CI, 17%‐57%) with inflammatory bowel disease discontinued immune checkpoint inhibitors. Gastrointestinal perforation and abdominal surgery due to immune checkpoint inhibitor complications occurred in <5% patients. In a large study, inhibitors of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) were associated with a higher risk of relapse than programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors.

Conclusions

Approximately 40% of patients with pre‐existing inflammatory bowel diseases experience relapse with immune checkpoint inhibitors, with most relapsing patients requiring corticosteroids and one‐third requiring biologics. CTLA‐4 inhibitors may be associated with higher risk of relapse.
Editorial: microRNAs for the diagnosis of fatty liver disease in the population—are we inching closer towards the target?
Authors: Ma Ann T. , Ginès Pere
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Zhang et al and Zhang & Ghanbari papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16177 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16234
Editorial: penetration of food protein through the oesophageal mucosa ‐ is this where EoE starts? Authors' reply
Authors: Ravi Anupama , Katzka David A.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Ravi et al and Uchida & Dougan papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16180 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16205
Editorial: immune‐mediated diseases—are we closer to disease‐defining molecular signatures?
Authors: Axelrad Jordan E.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Lo et al paper. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16210
Editorial: Biomarkers in HBV and prediction of treatment response – authors’ reply
Authors: Lim Seng Gee ,   the authors
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Lim et al and Ridruejo papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16149 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16171
Editorial: vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel diseases—less is more? Authors’ reply
Authors: Danese Silvio , Subramaniam Kavitha , Van Zyl Jan , Adsul Shashi
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Danese et al and Townsend & Subramanian papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16160andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16191
Editorial: keep calm and carry on—managing non‐TNF antagonist biologics in pregnancy—authors' reply
Authors: Wils Pauline , Pariente Benjamin
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wils et al and Seow & Ma papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16192 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16207
Editorial: HBV cure—the quest for biomarkers to predict off‐treatment sustained response. Authors' reply
Authors: Brakenhoff Sylvia M. , de Man Robert A. , de Knegt Robert J. , Janssen Harry L. A. , Sonneveld Milan J.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Brakenhoff et al and Thibault & Asselah papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16172 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16214
Editorial: microRNAs for the diagnosis of fatty liver disease in the population—are we inching closer towards the target? Authors' reply
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Ghanbari Mohsen
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Zhang et al and Ma & Ginès papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16177 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16219
The psychosocial burdens of living with diabetes
Authors: Kelly Ryan Charles , Holt Richard I. G. , Desborough Lane , Majidi Shideh , Town Marissa , Naranjo Diana , Messer Laurel , Barnard Ethan , Soderberg Jeannette , Barnard‐Kelly Katharine
Published: September 2023

Aim

To better understand the prevalence of self‐reported psychosocial burdens and the unmet needs identified by people with diabetes in relation to routine diabetes visits.

Methods

An English language, online survey was distributed via social media, key stakeholder networks, charity and advocacy groups to adults with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. Survey items were designed by members of the FDA RESCUE Collaborative Community Governing Committee prior to pilot testing with potential participants. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, as well as thematic analyses on free‐text responses using NVivo v14.

Results

Four hundred and seventy‐eight participants completed the survey: 373 (78%) had type 1 diabetes, 346 (73%) identified as a woman and 433 (91%) were white. Most participants had experienced self‐reported (rather than diagnosed) anxiety and depression (n = 323 and n = 313, respectively), as well as fear of low blood sugars (n = 294), low mood (n = 290) and diabetes‐related distress (n = 257). Sixty‐eight percent reported that diabetes had negatively affected self‐esteem, 62% reported the feelings of loneliness, but 93% reported that friends/family/work colleagues were supportive when needed. Two hundred and seventy‐two percent (57%) reported that their diabetes team had never raised the topic of mental health. The overwhelming majority stated that the best thing their diabetes team could do to help was to simply ask about mental well‐being, listen with empathy and without judgement, and practice skills to understand psychosocial issues in diabetes.

Conclusion

Integrating psychosocial discussions and support within routine healthcare visits is crucial to improve outcomes for people with diabetes. Such a biopsychosocial model of healthcare has long been advocated by regulatory bodies.
Bridged bicyclic compounds: Comprehending a novel compound class as potential anti‐seizure agents
Authors: Stilley Samantha E. , Naraine Akshay S. , Yadavalli Krishna P. , Maki Samantha L. , Jutte Elyse M. , Kahn Jared M. , Surtel Alexis A. , Lepore Salvatore D. , Dawson‐Scully Ken
Published: September 2023

Objective

In the present study, we describe a novel class of small‐molecule synthetic compounds that ameliorate seizure‐like behavior, using an electroshock assay to examine seizure duration in Caenorhabditis elegans. We also examine the hypothesis that these compounds, which we have called resveramorphs (RVMs), act by an irreversible binding mechanism.

Methods

Our electroshock assay examines seizure duration in C. elegans and can be used as a drug‐screening platform for the identification of novel anti‐seizure agents. The use of C. elegans allows for a rapid and efficient method of drug screening that may take years in other higher‐order model organisms. A novel wash method, paired with our electroshock assay, allows us to discern differences in biological activity when the C. elegans are incubated in different drug solutions, to establish whether these compounds can be “washed” off.

Results

One of the RVMs (RVM‐3), reported here for the first time, was found to be potent at picomolar concentrations. Insights also provided information on the potential mechanisms of action of this compound. Covalent binding is thought to provide a strong irreversible bond because of a change in structure between two of the novel RVMs described in this work. This was also discerned through the novel wash method paired with our electroshock assay.

Significance

RVM‐3 was evaluated using our assay and found to possess anti‐seizure activity at picomolar concentrations. These insights also provide information on the potential mechanisms of action of these compounds, which may include covalent binding. This was also discerned through a novel wash method paired with our electroshock assay.
A comparison of Generation Z and Millennial dental hygiene students' preferred learning styles
Authors: Turner April M. , Gurenlian JoAnn R.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Learning styles have been studied in dental and generational research, but research has been limited with Millennial and Generation Z dental hygiene students. The purpose of this quantitative comparative study was to determine if and to what extent there was a difference between Generation Z and Millennial dental hygiene students' preferred learning styles.

Methods

First‐ and second‐year dental hygiene students attending three programs located in Southern California were invited to participate in the study. Additional participants were recruited through dental hygiene social media sites. The 44 item Felder–Soloman Index of Learning Styles (ILS) was administered via an online survey platform. Millennial and Generation Z participants were compared on the four dimensions of the ILS: active/reflective, sensing/intuitive, visual/verbal, and sequential/global. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the independent samples t‐test.

Results

A total of 150 dental hygiene students agreed to participate; Millennials (n = 61), Generation Z (n = 89). There was no significant difference between Millennial and Generation Z students in the active/reflective, sensing/intuitive, or sequential/global dimensions (p > 0.05); both cohorts preferred the active, sensing, and sequential learning styles. There was a statistically significant difference in the visual/verbal dimension with Millennials indicating a significantly greater preference for the visual learning style than Generation Z (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

There may be differences between the learning styles of Millennial and Generation Z dental hygiene students. The finding that Generation Z students differ significantly from Millennials on the visual–verbal dimension may indicate a shift toward the verbal dimension learning style that needs further study.
Immunoprophylactic and Serological Investigations in Cow Abortions caused by Bacteria of the Group Mimeae and Genus Yersinia
Authors: Gelev I.
Published: September 2023

The protective effect of a vaccine against abortion in cows caused by bacteria immunologically related to R‐Brucellae was examined. The results of serological investigations of the blood sera of cows that aborted are briefly reported.

Immunoprophylaxis und serologische Untersuchungen bei den von Bakterien aus der Mima‐Gruppe und der Gattung Yersinia verursachten Kühen‐Aborten

Es wurde die protektive Wirkung einer Vaccine gegenüber Aborte beim Rind, die von mit R‐Brucellen verwandten Bakterien verursacht werden, geprüft. Die Ergebnisse der serologischen Untersuchungen der Blutseren wurden kurzgefaßt mitgeteilt.

Immunoprophylaxie et recherches sérologiques chez des bactéries du groupe Mima et du genre Yersinia provoquant des avortements chez le bovin

L'action protectrice d'un vaccin contre les avortements chez le bovin provoqués par des bactéries apparentées aux formes R de brucelles a été testé. Les résultats des recherches sérologiques sanguines sont brièvement résumées.

Inmunoprofilaxis y estudios serológicos en los abortos de vacas ocasionados por bacterias del grupo Mima y del género Yersinia

Se contrastó la acción protectora de una vacuna frente a abortos en vacas, los cuales son ocasionados por bacterias emparentadas con las brucelas R. Se comunican de forma sucinta los resultados de los estudios serológicos.
Hyperglycaemia aggravates periodontal inflamm‐aging by promoting SETDB1‐mediated LINE‐1 de‐repression in macrophages
Authors: Yue Ziqi , Nie Luningxiao , Ji Ning , Sun Yuezhang , Zhu Kangjian , Zou Haonan , Song Xiuxiu , Chen Jiao , Wang Qi
Published: September 2023

Aim

To explore whether hyperglycaemia plays a role in periodontal inflamm‐aging by inducing phenotypical transformation of macrophages, as well as the potential mechanism via SET domain‐bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETDB1).

Materials and Methods

A hyperglycaemic mouse model was established using streptozotocin injection. The alveolar bone was analysed using micro‐computed tomography. Periodontal inflamm‐aging was detected using western blotting, quantitative real‐time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated with various doses of glucose. siRNA or overexpression plasmids were used to determine the regulatory mechanism of SETDB1 in macrophage senescence and inflamm‐aging under hyperglycaemic conditions. Expression and distribution of SETDB1 and long interspersed element 1 (LINE‐1) in gingival tissues of patients with or without diabetes were detected using immunofluorescent staining.

Results

SETDB1 expression in the periodontal tissues of patients and mice with diabetes was down‐regulated compared with that in non‐diabetic controls. SETDB1 deficiency induced senescence‐like phenotypical changes in macrophages, which aggravated periodontal inflamm‐aging in diabetic mice. Furthermore, metformin treatment rejuvenated SETDB1 activity and alleviated the hyperglycaemia‐induced periodontal inflamm‐aging.

Conclusions

The findings of this study show that SETDB1 regulates senescence‐like phenotypical switching of macrophages and is a potential candidate for the treatment of diabetes‐induced periodontal inflamm‐aging.
An empirical study of cold chain issues and performance: Applying structural equation modeling
Authors: Arora Madhu , Kumar Rupesh , Bangwal Deepak , Ahmad Vasim , Negi Saurav
Published: September 2023

The food industry suffers from huge wastage and losses in food products, and reducing this waste and loss is an issue in the food industry. Improvement in cold chain performance will result in the minimization of food losses and wastage. The reason for this review is to look at the causal connection between different issues with cold chain performance through empirical validation. According to the goal of the review, seven theories were proposed dependent on a thorough writing survey on issues in the cold chain of the frozen food industry. Evidence was found for proposed speculations. The results of hypothesis testing showed infrastructural facility, safety and quality, awareness and handling practices, and responsiveness to positively influence cold chain performance while increased efforts are required for appropriate implementation of integration, sustainability, and traceability. While the performance of the supply chain and parameters affecting it has been a critical exploration theme for more than many years, scarcely any examination has been led that centers explicitly on issues considered synergistically.
Three‐dimensional multiscale assembly of phyllosilicates, organics, and carbonates in small Ryugu fragments
Authors: Dionnet Zelia , Rubino Stefano , Aléon‐Toppani Alice , Brunetto Rosario , Tsuchiyama Akira , Lantz Cateline , Djouadi Zahia , Baklouti Donia , Nakamura Tomoki , Borondics Ferenc , Sandt Christophe , Heripre Eva , Troadec David , Mivumbi Obadias , Aléon Jérome , Ternier Theo , Matsumoto Megumi , Amano Kana , Morita Tomoyo , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Noguchi Takaaki , Okazaki Ryuji , Yabuta Hikaru , Naraoka Hiroshi , Sakamoto Kanako , Tachibana Shogo , Yada Toru , Nishimura Masahiro , Nakato Aiko , Miyazaki Akiko , Yogata Kasumi , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Usui Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Makoto , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Nakazawa Satoru , Watanabe Seiichiro , Tsuda Yuichi ,   the Hayabusa2‐Initial‐Analysis Stone team
Published: September 2023

We report μm‐scale nondestructive infrared (IR) hyperspectral results (IR computed tomography, IR‐CT) in 3‐D and IR surface imaging, IR‐S) in 2‐D, at SOLEIL) combined with X‐ray nano‐computed tomography analyses (at SPring‐8) performed on eight small Ryugu fragments extracted from mm‐sized grains coming both from touchdown first and second sites. We describe the multiscale assembly of phyllosilicates, carbonates, sulfides, oxides, and organics. Two types of silicates, as well as diverse kinds of organic matter, were detected inside Ryugu material. Their spatial correlations are described to discuss the role of the mineralogical microenvironments in the formation/evolution of organic matter. In particular, we have shown that there is a redistribution of the organic matter diffuse component during aqueous alteration on the parent body, with a preferential circulation among fine‐grained phyllosilicates.
Lack of awareness of neurogastroenterology and motility within medical education: Time to fill the gap
Authors: Butt Mohsin F. , Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Singh Rajan , Vork Lisa
Published: September 2023

Disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI), previously referred to as functional gastrointestinal disorders, affect 40.3% of adults in the general population and are diagnosed in 34.9% of new adult referrals to secondary care gastroenterology services. Despite their high prevalence, studies published in this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility by investigators based in Germany, the UK, and the USA demonstrate a mismatch between the clinical burden of DGBI and their representation in medical school and postgraduate curricula. This review outlines the salient findings of these studies and explores why and how negative perceptions toward DGBI exist, including factors related to misinformation and internalized stigma. The authors propose a selection of strategies to ameliorate physicians' attitudes toward and knowledge of neurogastroenterology and motility including linking trainees with dedicated clinician mentors with an interest in motility, exposing trainees to expert patients who can enhance empathy, extending Balint groups into gastroenterology training, and offering motility apprenticeships in specialist units. Urgent improvements to medical school and postgraduate curricula are required to ensure the longevity of this subspecialty field in gastroenterology, and to ensure the needs of a sizeable proportion of gastroenterology patients are appropriately met.
Salubrinal alleviates cartilage degradation in a rabbit temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis model
Authors: Xu Ting , Shuai Jing , Gu Zhiyuan , Wu Mengjie
Published: September 2023

Objective

To investigate and explain the beneficial effects of local intra‐articular injection of Salubrinal on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) using a rabbit model of anterior disc displacement (ADD).

Methods

Rabbits were divided and subjected to surgical ADD. Salubrinal was administered by intra‐articular injection in the TMJ every other day for 2 and 4 weeks after operation. Histological examination and TUNEL staining were then performed. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time PCR, and Western blot analysis were employed to evaluate the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐related markers, catabolic factors, extracellular matrix proteins, inflammatory factors, and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation.

Results

In the ADD groups, we found that Salubrinal partly reversed condylar cartilage deterioration according to the histological analysis. Salubrinal reduced chondrocytes apoptosis while increased matrix components including Collagen II and Aggrecan. Meanwhile, Salubrinal downregulated the catabolic expression of MMP13, ADAMTS5, VEGF, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β. We also observed that Salubrinal inhibited ER stress activation by reducing the expression of GRP78, CHOP, ATF4, and Caspase‐12. Additionally, Salubrinal suppressed the phosphorylation of NF‐κB.

Conclusion

These results indicate that Salubrinal alleviates cartilage degradation following ADD, suggesting that intra‐articular injection of Salubrinal is a potential therapeutic approach for preventing TMJOA.
The foundations of influencing policy and practice: How risk science discourse shaped government action during COVID‐19
Authors: Shaw Duncan , Scully Judy
Published: September 2023

COVID‐19 demonstrated the complex manner in which discourses from risk science are manipulated to legitimize government action. We use Foucault's theory of Governmentality to explore how a risk science discourse shaped national and local government action during COVID‐19. We theorize how national government policymakers and local government risk managers were objectified by (and subjectified themselves to) risk science models, results, and discourses. From this theoretical position we analyze a dataset, including observations of risk science discourse and 22 qualitative interviews, to understand the challenges that national government policymakers, risk scientists, and local government risk managers faced during COVID‐19. Findings from our Foucauldian discourse analysis show how, through power and knowledge, competing discourses emerge in a situation that was disturbed by uncertainty—which created disturbed senders (policymakers and risk scientists) and disturbed receivers (risk managers) of risk science. First, we explore the interaction between risk science and policymakers, including how the disturbed context enabled policymakers to select discourse from risk science to justify their policies. This showed government's sociopolitical leveraging of scientific power and knowledge by positioning itself as being submissive to “follow the science.” Second, we discuss how risk managers (1) were objectified by the discourse from policymakers that required them to be obedient to risk science, and paradoxically (2) used the disturbed context to justify resisting government objectification through their human agency to subjectify themselves and take action. Using these concepts, we explore the foundation of risk science influence in COVID‐19.