bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological, biogeographical and molecular evidence of Carpocoris mediterraneus as a valid species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: LUPOLI ROLAND , DUSOULIER FRANÇOIS , CRUAUD ASTRID , CROS-ARTEIL SANDRINE , STREITO JEAN-CLAUDE
Published: January 2013

Carpocoris mediterraneus Tamanini, 1958, synonymized with Carpocoris fuscispinus (Boheman, 1851) by Ribes et al. (2007), is restored to the species level. The shape of the pronotum is a good diagnostic character to distinguish the two species. The existence of two valid species is supported by geographical distribution patterns in Western Europe: Medi-terranean-Atlantic for C. mediterraneus, and Continental for C. fuscispinus. In France and Spain, in some areas, the two species are found in sympatry (sometimes even on the same plant). Morphological observations are confirmed at the mo-lecular level by sequencing of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase I standard barcode fragment. Indeed, inter-specific divergence largely exceeded intra-specific divergence and our phylogenetic reconstructions reveal that Carpocoris medi-terraneus and Carpocoris fuscispinus form two reciprocally monophyletic genetic lineages. A morphological identifica-tion key is proposed for all the European species of the genus Carpocoris, to facilitate identification. Carpocoris fuscispinus is first time recorded from Portugal.
Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression for Estimating Surface Albedo from ASTER Visible and Near-Infrared Spectral Bands
Authors: Mokhtari Mohammad H. , Busu Ibrahim , Mokhtari Hossein , Zahedi Gholamreza , Sheikhattar Leila , Movahed Mohammad A.
Published: January 2013

The current Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)-based broadband albedo model requires shortwave infrared bands 5 (2.145–2.185 nm), 6 (2.185–2.225 nm), 8 (2.295–2.365 nm), and 9 (2.360–2.430 nm) and visible/near-infrared bands 1 (0.52–0.60 nm) and 3 (0.78–0.86 nm). However, because of sensor irregularities at high temperatures, shortwave infrared wavelengths are not recorded in the ASTER data acquired after April 2008. Therefore, this study seeks to evaluate the performance of artificial neural networks (ANN) in estimating surface albedo using visible/near-infrared bands available in the data obtained after April 2008. It also compares the outcomes with the results of multiple linear regression (MLR) modeling. First, the most influential spectral bands used in the current model as well as band 2 (0.63–0.69 nm) (which is also available after April 2008 in the visible/near-infrared part) were determined by a primary analysis of the data acquired before April 2008. Then, multiple linear regression and ANN models were developed by using bands with a relatively high level of contribution. The results showed that bands 1 and 3 were the most important spectral ones for estimating albedo where land cover consisted of soil and vegetation. These two bands were used as the study input, and the albedo (estimated through a model that utilized bands 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9) served as a target to remodel albedo. Because of its high collinearity with band 1, band 2 was identified less effectively by MLR as well as ANN. The study confirmed that a combination of bands 1 and 3, which are available in the current ASTER data, could be modeled through ANN and MLR to estimate surface albedo. However, because of its higher accuracy, ANN method was superior to MLR in developing objective functions.
Evaluating Low-Cloud Simulation from an Upgraded Multiscale Modeling Framework Model. Part II: Seasonal Variations over the Eastern Pacific
Authors: Xu Kuan-Man , Cheng Anning
Published: January 2013

The eastern Pacific is a climatologically important region. Conventional coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models produce positive sea surface temperature biases of 2–5 K in this region because of insufficient stratocumulus clouds. In this study, a global multiscale modeling framework (MMF), which replaces traditional cloud parameterizations with a 2D cloud-resolving model (CRM) in each atmospheric column, is used to examine the seasonal variations of this Pacific region. The CRM component contains an advanced third-order turbulence closure, helping it to better simulate boundary layer turbulence and low-level clouds. Compared to available satellite observations of cloud amount, liquid water path, cloud radiative effects, and precipitation, this MMF produces realistic seasonal variations of the eastern Pacific region, although there are some disagreements in the exact location of maximum cloudiness centers in the Peruvian region and the intensity of ITCZ precipitation. Analyses of profile- and subcloud-based decoupling measures reveal very small amplitudes of seasonal variations in the decoupling strength in the subtropics except for those regions off the subtropical coasts where the decoupling measures suggest that the boundary layers should be well coupled in all four seasons. In the Peruvian and Californian regions, the seasonal variations of low clouds are related to those in the boundary layer height and the strength of inversion. Factors that influence the boundary layer and the inversion, such as solar incident radiation, subcloud-layer turbulent mixing, and large-scale subsidence, can collectively explain the seasonal variations of low clouds rather than the deepening–warming mechanism of Bretherton and Wyant cited in earlier studies.
Evaluation of ASCAT-Based Daily Gridded Winds in the Tropical Indian Ocean*
Authors: Sivareddy S. , Ravichandran M. , Girishkumar M. S.
Published: January 2013

The quality of daily gridded Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT; DASCAT) blended winds is examined in the tropical Indian Ocean using 3-day running mean gridded Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT; QSCAT) winds and in situ daily winds from the Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA). The primary objective of this study is to examine whether DASCAT is a reliable replacement for the widely used QSCAT wind products. Spatial distributions of DASCAT and QSCAT winds show good agreement in speed and direction, except over a few localized regions. The study finds a significant spatial coherence between rainfall and the regions of discrepancy between DASCAT and QSCAT. Comparison of DASCAT and QSCAT wind products with RAMA moorings indicates that DASCAT better captures the overall wind variability compared to QSCAT, especially during rainy and low wind (<5 m s−1) conditions. The root-mean-square of the RAMA–DASCAT (RAMA–QSCAT) difference during rainfall in the zonal and meridional winds is 1.4 and 1.6 m s−1 (2.7 and 2.0 m s−1), respectively. The present study indicates that the DASCAT blended wind product is a reliable alternative to QSCAT in the tropical Indian Ocean.
Large-Scale Influences on the Evolution of Winter Subtropical Maritime Cyclones Affecting Australia’s East Coast
Authors: Browning Stuart A. , Goodwin Ian D.
Published: January 2013

Subtropical maritime low pressure systems frequently impact Australia’s eastern seaboard. Closed circulation lows in the Tasman Sea region are termed East Coast Cyclones (ECC); they can evolve in a range of climatic environments and have proven most destructive during the late autumn–winter period. Using criteria based on pressure gradients, inferred wind field, and duration, an objectively determined database of ECC occurrences is established to explore large-scale influences on ECC evolution. Subclassification based on evolutionary trajectory reveals two dominant storm types during late autumn–winter: easterly trough lows (ETL) and southern secondary lows (SSL). Synoptic composites are used to investigate the climatological evolution of each storm type. ETL cyclogenesis occurs along the eastern seaboard at the confluence of warm moist subtropical easterlies and cool air over the continent that is advected from higher latitudes. SSL develop when a cold extratropical cyclone moves equatorward and interacts with warm moist conditions in the Tasman Sea. At seasonal time scales, a complex interplay of tropical and extratropical influences contributes to high-frequency storm seasons. ETL are more frequent during neutral or positive phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, cool sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Indian Ocean, and neutral to positive southern annular mode phases. SSL are more frequent during years with warm SSTAs in the eastern Indian Ocean, warm SSTAs in the western Pacific, and high-latitude blocking.
Ensemble-Based Exigent Analysis. Part I: Estimating Worst-Case Weather-Related Forecast Damage Scenarios
Authors: Gombos Daniel , Hoffman Ross N.
Published: January 2013

Exigent analysis supplements an ensemble forecast of weather-related damage with a map of the worst-case scenario (WCS), a multivariate confidence bound of the damage. For multivariate Gaussian ensembles, ensemble-based exigent analysis uses a Lagrange multiplier technique to identify the unique maximizing damage map at a given uncertainty level based on the ensemble-estimated covariance of the damage. Exigent analysis is applied to two case studies. First, using ensemble forecasts of 2-m temperature and estimates of the number of inhabitants at each location, exigent analysis is applied to forecast the worst-case heating demand for a large portion of the United States on 8–9 January 2010. The WCS at the 90th percentile results in only 1.26% more heating demand than the ensemble mean. Second, using ensemble forecasts of 2-m temperature and estimates of the number of citrus trees at each location, exigent analysis is applied to forecast the worst-case freeze damage to Florida citrus trees on 11 January 2010. For this case study, the WCS at the 90th percentile damages about 14.2 million trees, about 4.3 times more than the ensemble mean.
Ensemble-Based Exigent Analysis. Part II: Using Ensemble Regression to Estimate Conditions Antecedent to Worst-Case Forecast Damage Scenarios
Authors: Gombos Daniel , Hoffman Ross N.
Published: January 2013

In Part I of this series on ensemble-based exigent analysis, a Lagrange multiplier minimization technique is used to estimate the exigent damage state (ExDS), the “worst case” with respect to a user-specified damage function and confidence level. Part II estimates the conditions antecedent to the ExDS using ensemble regression (ER), a linear inverse technique that employs an ensemble-estimated mapping matrix to propagate a predictor perturbation state into a predictand perturbation state. By propagating the exigent damage perturbations (ExDPs) from the heating degree days (HDD) and citrus tree case studies of Part I into their respective antecedent forecast state vectors, ER estimates the most probable antecedent perturbations expected to evolve into these ExDPs. Consistent with the physical expectations of a trough that precedes and coincides with the anomalously cold temperatures during the HDD case study, the ER-estimated antecedent 300-hPa geopotential height trough is approximately 59 and 17 m deeper than the ensemble mean at around the time of the ExDP as well as 24 h earlier, respectively. Statistics of the explained variance and from leave-one-out cross-validation runs indicate that the expected errors of these ER-estimated perturbations are smaller for the HDD case study than for the citrus tree case study.
The Transition to Adulthood among Japanese Youths
Authors: Ishida Hiroshi
Published: January 2013

This study examines courtship and activities leading to courtship among Japanese youths. Courtship is an important topic because it influences the chances of eventual marriage. The analyses of the Japanese Life Course Panel Survey show 42 percent of young unmarried people without a partner actively sought a dating partner during the past year. The most popular activity among both men and women was asking friends for introductions. Men tended to engage in partner-search activities when they were highly educated, had a full-time job, intended to get married, and had opportunities to meet the opposite sex. Among women, the intention to marry was the key factor in predicting the likelihood of partner-search activities, in addition to family assets. The effect of the partner search on the chances of finding a partner appears to be greatest for the men and women least likely to engage in partner searches.
Transitions to Adulthood
Authors: Furstenberg Frank F.
Published: January 2013

This article explores the lessons of family change in the West for emerging patterns of change in East and Southeast Asia, especially for the transition to adulthood. This passage has become more protracted and less predictable in Western nations. There is also a great deal of variation in the patterning of the adult transition in different nations in Europe and the Anglo-speaking nations. I identify some of the reasons for this variation—economic, cultural, and institutional—that account for the varied regimes of early adulthood and speculate how they may impact different Asian countries, owing to historical, cultural, and institutional patterns.
Egalitarianism, Housework, and Sexual Frequency in Marriage
Authors: Kornrich Sabino , Brines Julie , Leupp Katrina
Published: January 2013

Changes in the nature of marriage have spurred a debate about the consequences of shifts to more egalitarian relationships, and media interest in the debate has crystallized around claims that men who participate in housework get more sex. However, little systematic or representative research supports the claim that women, in essence, exchange sex for men’s participation in housework. Although research and theory support the expectation that egalitarian marriages are higher quality, other studies underscore the ongoing importance of traditional gender behavior and gender display in marriage. Using data from Wave II of the National Survey of Families and Households, this study investigates the links between men’s participation in core (traditionally female) and non-core (traditionally male) household tasks and sexual frequency. Results show that both husbands and wives in couples with more traditional housework arrangements report higher sexual frequency, suggesting the importance of gender display rather than marital exchange for sex between heterosexual married partners.
Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination Among Low-Income and Minority Parents of Sons
Authors: Perkins Rebecca B. , Tipton Hailey , Shu Elaine , Marquez Cecilia , Belizaire Myrdell , Porter Courtney , Clark Jack A. , Pierre-Joseph Natalie
Published: January 2013

Objective. To characterize the attitudes of low-income and minority parents/guardians toward vaccinating sons against human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods. In 2010-2011, we conducted qualitative interviews with 68 black, 24 white, and 28 Latino parents/guardians of sons. We identified attitudes related to HPV vaccination, vaccine mandates for males and females, and adolescent male sexuality using constructs from the Health Belief Model and methods based in grounded theory. Results. Most participants were concerned that their sons could be exposed to HPV through sexual experimentation and believed that the consequences of HPV infection could be severe; thus, 75% would accept HPV vaccine for their sons. Yet the lack of efficacy and safety information specifically pertaining to males posed barriers. More black (73%) and Latino (86%) than white (44%) participants supported school-entry requirements for HPV vaccination. Conclusions. Low-income and minority parents/guardians were generally receptive toward vaccinating their sons against HPV; racial/ethnic differences emerged regarding school-entry mandates.
Measuring the Intermittency of Criminal Careers
Authors: Baker Thomas , Metcalfe Christi Falco , Piquero Alex R.
Published: January 2013

The intermittency, or time gaps between criminal events, has received very little theoretical and empirical attention in developmental/life-course criminology. Several reasons account for lack of research on intermittency, including limited data sources containing information on the time between events and the prioritization of persistence—and especially desistance—in developmental/life-course criminology. This article sets out to provide a descriptive portrait of intermittency and in so doing aims to understand and explain intermittency within and between individuals, how it varies with age over the life course, and how it covaries with the seriousness of offending. Longer intermittency is characteristic of offenders with earlier onset as well as those who offend less frequently, whereas high-frequency/early-onset offenders have less intermittency. Findings suggest that intermittent gaps between offenses relate to offense seriousness. As offenders age, the gaps between offenses increase. Each of these effects is disaggregated among chronic and nonchronic (recidivist) offenders to demonstrate the intermittent patterns of different criminal careers. Implications for theoretical and empirical research on intermittency are highlighted.
Humanistic Psychology
Authors: DeRobertis Eugene M.
Published: January 2013

This article makes the argument that humanistic psychology remained a vibrant movement even after it lost much of its high-profile reputation and sociopolitical power toward the close of the 1970s. More specifically, the author makes an argument for the contemporary relevance of humanistic psychology, demonstrating how humanistic psychology has been having a quiet, yet notably significant influence on the diverse areas of the field since the 1990s. In addition, this article demonstrates that there are recent developments occurring in psychology that are highly commensurate with a humanistic viewpoint, even if these developments did not occur via a direct encounter with humanistic psychology. In short, humanistic psychology is shown to be more important to 21st century psychology than many might have realized.
The recruiter’s dilemma
Authors: Hegghammer Thomas
Published: January 2013

How do terrorists recruit? We know much about the profiles and pathways of recruits, but little about the strategies and tactics of recruiters. Such procedures matter because they help determine who joins. I highlight a key determinant of recruiter tactics, namely, the tension between personnel needs and infiltration risks. Drawing on signalling theory, I present an analytical framework that conceptualizes recruitment as a trust game between recruiter and recruit. I argue that the central logic shaping recruiter tactics is the search for cost-discriminating signs of trustworthiness. Due to the context-specificity of signal costs and the room for tactical innovation, optimal recruitment tactics vary in space and time, but the underlying logic is the same for most groups facing a high threat of infiltration. I apply the framework to an al-Qaeda recruitment campaign in early 2000s Saudi Arabia, where it helps explain tactical preferences (why recruiters favoured some recruitment arenas over others) and differential network activation (why recruiters preferred war veterans over radical candidates from other networks). The trust dilemma also accounts for unexpected recruiter choices, such as their reluctance to solicit on the Internet and in mosques, and their preference for recruits who knew poetry or wept during prayer. Thus the signalling framework does not challenge, but provides a useful micro-level complement to, existing theories of recruitment.
Ally provocateur
Authors: Benson Brett V , Bentley Patrick R , Ray James Lee
Published: January 2013

The primary purpose of many alliances is to deter attacks on members of the alliance by potentially antagonistic states. Yet some alliances can increase the probability of conflict that may be initiated by alliance members. Cognizant of that possibility, states that wish to sustain peace may nevertheless intentionally form alliance commitments with revisionist leaders of other states. Faced with the partially conflicting goals of deterring antagonistic states while at the same time restraining allies, leaders often include in alliance treaties conditions that oblige allies to provide military assistance only if a member of the alliance is attacked by a state outside the alliance. However, other treaties may contain unconditional obligations to come to the defense of members of the alliance. Such alliances tend to arise from situations where some members of the alliance feel that their alliance partners need to have the flexibility even to engage in provocative behavior in order to deter the target of the alliance. Our analysis of alliance formation processes in the context of priorities that compete with each other provides a basis for two hypotheses. The first is that revisionist states with unconditional commitments from members of their alliance to come to their defense are more likely to initiate militarized conflict than states without such unconditional commitments. The second hypothesis is that revisionist states in alliances whose treaties stipulate that commitments to defend are conditional will be less likely to initiate militarized conflict than such states with allies who are committed to come to their defense without conditions. Statistical analyses of data generated with a view toward evaluations of both hypotheses (some of which provide new, more detailed categorizations of alliance treaties) suggest that they are valid.
Constrained by the bank and the ballot
Authors: Conrad Courtenay R , DeMeritt Jacqueline HR
Published: January 2013

Why does the discovery of oil lead to increased government repression in some countries and not others? Why is there variance in the extent to which democracy constrains state violations of human rights? We assume that an executive’s propensity to use violence against citizens is a function of the extent to which he is dependent on his citizenry. Executives can be dependent on their citizenry in two ways: (1) at the bank for financial resources, and (2) at the ballot box for political support. We argue that these considerations jointly influence executive decisions to engage in state repression, and consequently, observed human rights abuse. Using a dataset of 146 countries from 1981 to 2011, we find that democratic institutions have a moderating effect on the positive relationship between unearned revenues and human rights violations. Decreased reliance on citizens for revenue does not weaken and may actually strengthen the pacifying effect of democratic institutions on state terror. Our results suggest that pursuing democracy is a useful way to reduce political violence, both directly and indirectly, even in the presence of a resource curse. Furthermore, the discovery of oil and other unearned revenues is unlikely to undermine the positive relationship between democratic institutions and domestic protections for human rights.
Probability-based text clustering algorithm by alternately repeating two operations
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Yuanchao , Liu Bingquan , Lin Lei
Published: January 2013

Owing to the rapid advance of internet technology, users have to face to a large amount of raw data from the World Wide Web every day, most of which is displayed in text format. This situation brings a great demand for efficient text analysis techniques by internet users. Since clustering is unsupervised and requires no prior knowledge, it is extensively adopted to help analyse textual data. Unfortunately, as far as I know, almost all the clustering algorithms proposed so far fail to deal with large-scale text collection. For precisely classifying large-scale text collection, a novel probability based text clustering algorithm by alternately repeating two operations (abbreviated as PTCART) is proposed in this paper. This algorithm just repeats two operations of (a) feature set construction and (b) text partition until the optimal partition is reached. Its convergent capacity is also validated. Experiments results demonstrate that, compared with several popular text clustering algorithms, PTCART has excellent performance.
Traditional Veterinary in Rural Tamil Nadu
Authors: Torri Maria Costanza
Published: January 2013

Nearly two-thirds of the world’s rural poor depend on livestock as a critical component of their livelihood. Modern ethnoveterinary health delivery is not easily accessible for the rural population, who still depends on traditional medicinal practices. India has rich ethnoveterinary health traditions. Nevertheless, these practices are facing the threat of rapid erosion. The vast majority of the medicinal plants used in veterinary in India have been studied from a pharmacological point of view. These studies, although giving important insights into the local traditional ethnoveterinary medicine in terms of the therapeutical value of the plants, fail however to portray the socioeconomic impact of this form of medicine on local communities. This article aims to overcome this shortcoming by analyzing the socioeconomic and health values of medicinal plants among the rural communities in Tamil Nadu, India, as well as their role in human health.
Post–Cold War Anthropology as Ideological Blog
Authors: Duncan Brooks
Published: January 2013

This essay examines the anthropology of Russia and Eastern Europe two decades after the end of the Cold War. It discusses how the ideology and political pressures of that era continue to influence and distort the discipline, hindering social science advances in the comparative study of empires and the development of cultures and social systems. The essay reviews a representative book in the field and uses it as a take-off point for examining the politicization and stagnation (or disintegration) of a discipline, which should be both a comparative and predictive science as well as a “humanities” subject that answers basic questions about how to improve human societies and define “development” and “progress.” This review also offers a set of guidelines on how anthropology can be improved to refocus on meeting human intellectual and social aspirations.
Habermas, same-sex marriage and the problem of religion in public life
Authors: Walhof Darren R.
Published: January 2013

This article addresses the debate over religion in the public sphere by analysing the conception of ‘religion’ in the recent work of Habermas, who claims to mediate the divide between those who defend public appeals to religion without restriction and those who place limits on such appeals. I argue that Habermas’ translation requirement and his restriction on religious reasons in the institutional public sphere rest on a conception of religion as essentially apolitical in its origin. This conception, I argue, remains embedded in a standard secularization framework, despite Habermas’ claim to offer a new account of secularization. This approach betrays the complex reality of the political constitution of religion and the religious constitution of politics, as demonstrated by the current debate about marriage rights in the USA. In mischaracterizing the inherently public and political dimensions of religion, Habermas undermines the effectiveness of his normative framework.
Governing through intimacy: Explaining care policies through ‘sharing a meaning’
Authors: Durnová Anna
Published: January 2013

The article suggests that we can develop a better understanding of the dynamic of governing in social policies through the lens of ‘intimacy’. Intimacy – a deep personal knowledge about body and mind which changes during the dying process – encompasses validation of one’s emotional experience. In that way, intimacy links the emotional content of dying to discursive dimensions of dignity usually associated with end-of-life care. The analysis describes how the Czech organization Homecoming has constructed its concept of end-of-life care on intimacy, and in so doing, steers specific meanings in the policy field. Hence, intimacy suggests paying more attention to modes of ‘sharing a meaning’, through which policies come to be. The article mediates between psychosocial theorizing of emotions, poststructuralist policy analysis, and current debates on governing in health care and social policies in order to uncover the role of intimacy in the dynamics of governing.
Being well enough in old age
Authors: Barnes Marian , Taylor David , Ward Lizzie
Published: January 2013

This article offers a critique of the dominant ways in which well-being has been conceptualized and researched within social policy, focusing in particular on the significance of this for policy relating to older people. It conceptualizes well-being as relational and generative rather than an individual outcome. We critically explore normative notions of independence, autonomy and consumerism at the heart of policy on well-being and ageing and suggest that indexes of older people’s happiness conceal more than they reveal. We illustrate this theoretical approach with empirical material from a participatory study in which older people were co-producers of knowledge about what well-being means and how it can be produced. Working with older people as co-researchers we found that keeping well in old age involves demanding emotional and organizational labour both for older people and for family and friends. We suggest the need for ethical and relational sensibilities at the heart of policy on well-being and ageing.
Clyde Wahrhaftig and Allan Cox (1959) Rock glaciers in the Alaska Range. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 70(4): 383–436
Authors: Stine Melanie
Published: January 2013

Rock glaciers are one of the most prominent geomorphic features in high-elevation areas and affect numerous hydrologic, ecologic, and geomorphic processes. However, little scientific attention was focused on rock glaciers during the first part of the 20th century. In 1959, Clyde Wahrhaftig and Allan Cox published a paper titled ‘Rock glaciers in the Alaska Range’, which initiated worldwide interest in these features and a subsequent surge of publications addressing rock glaciers. Wahrhaftig and Cox (1959) provided a detailed and encompassing study on rock glacier features, origins, classifications, relations to climate, movement, and composition. Their data and descriptions established a firm basis for further advancement of rock glacier research. This paper aims to assess the influence that Wahrhaftig and Cox (1959) had on subsequent publications and studies of rock glaciers.
The Stability of Self-Reported Adverse Experiences in Childhood
Authors: Pereira da Silva Susana Sofia , da Costa Maia Ângela
Published: January 2013

The literature on the effect of maltreatment has revealed several methodological problems of retrospective studies, such as the validity and stability of retrospective reports, which may be influenced by factors such as one’s mental health at the time of the report. This study aims to assess the temporal stability of self-reported adverse childhood experiences at three different time points, separated by 6 months each, and to analyze the relationship between general psychopathology and the number of reported experiences. Thirty obese participants responded to the Portuguese version of the Childhood History Questionnaire, a self-report measure that assesses adverse childhood experiences, and the Brief Symptom Inventory. The results suggest that adverse childhood experiences are common in these participants (time 1: [Formula: see text] = 1.87, SD = 1.3; time 2: [Formula: see text] = 1.98, SD = 1.6; time 3: [Formula: see text] = 1.98, SD = 1.6). The agreement levels, as measured by kappa values, were satisfactory for the dimensions of maltreatment focused on the individual, with kappas ranging between .34 and .44. Our participants did not exhibit psychopathology at any of the time points, and the psychopathological symptoms were not related to total adversity reported. The major contribution of this study is the comparison of self-reports at three time points, separated by significant time intervals, and the inclusion of 10 different dimensions of childhood adversity. The data show an adequate stability in the report of maltreatment toward the individual (abuse and physical neglect) and in specific aspects of adversity in the family.
Aquinas as an Advocate of Abortion? The Appeal to ‘Delayed Animation’ in Contemporary Christian Ethical Debates on the Human Embryo
Authors: Jones David Albert
Published: January 2013

It has become common, in both popular and scholarly discourse, to appeal to ‘delayed animation’ as an argument for abortion (DAAA). Augustine and Aquinas seemingly held that the rational soul was infused midway in pregnancy, and therefore did not regard early abortion as homicide. The authority of these thinkers is thus cited by some contemporary Christians as a reason to tolerate or, for proportionate reasons, to promote first-trimester abortion and embryo experimentation. The present essay is an exercise in aetiology. It examines the origins of DAAA. Distinctions are drawn between different forms of DAAA in historical context, premises, and conclusions. Some forms raise important anthropological questions, though these arguments are not indefeasible. The most popular forms of DAAA, which are typically framed as appeals to precedent, are the weakest, in that there is little precedent for DAAA before 1950. The argument is in fact a novelty in the tradition.
Nurses’ dilemmas concerning support of relatives in mental health care
Authors: Weimand Bente M , Sällström Christina , Hall-Lord Marie-Louise , Hedelin Birgitta
Published: January 2013

Relatives of persons with severe mental illness face a straining life situation and need support. Exclusion of relatives in mental health care has long been reported. The aim of this study was to describe conceptions of nurses in mental health care about supporting relatives of persons with severe mental illness. Focus group interviews with nurses from all levels of mental health care in Norway were performed. A phenomenographic approach was used. The nurses found that their responsibility first and foremost was the patient, especially to develop an alliance with him or her. Additional premises for supporting relatives were the context framing the nursing care, aspects of the actors, and relational concerns between them. Competing or contradictory demands were found within these premises. Two paths were identified concerning the nurses’ support of relatives: seeing the relative in the shadow of the patient or as an individual person.
Spirituality and post-graduate students’ attitudes towards blood donation
Authors: Almeida Rodrigo GS , Martinez Edson Z , Mazzo Alessandra , Trevizan Maria A , Mendes Isabel AC
Published: January 2013

College students have become more representative as blood donors, mainly to help other people. This study ascertained the association between spirituality and adherence or intention to donate blood in post-graduate students. In this quantitative and cross-sectional study, participants were 281 students from a post-graduate programme at a Brazilian public university. After complying with ethical requirements, data were collected through a questionnaire for sociodemographic characterization and identification of blood donation practices, followed by the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were used for data analysis. A total of 74% of the participants were female and 26% were male. Previous experience and/or intention to donate blood were found in 75.3%; 14.3% donated blood periodically. In addition, 12.2% were not adept to donation and 12.5% were inapt. Spiritual Well-Being scores were similar between individuals who are not adept and those who donate periodically. In conclusion, in the sample, spirituality and blood donation are not associated, but spiritual well-being and gender are. To enhance blood donation, further research is needed.
Surgical patients’ and nurses’ opinions and expectations about privacy in care
Authors: Akyüz Elif , Erdemir Firdevs
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the opinions and expectations of patients and nurses about privacy during a hospital admission for surgery. The study explored what enables and maintains privacy from the perspective of Turkish surgical patients and nurses. The study included 102 adult patients having surgery and 47 nurses caring for them. Data were collected via semistructured questionnaire by face-to-face interviews. The results showed that patients were mostly satisfied by the respect shown to their privacy by the nurses but were less confident of the confidentiality of their personal data. It was found that patients have expectations regarding nursing approaches and attitudes about acknowledging and respecting patient autonomy and confidentiality. It is remarkable that while nurses focused on the physical dimension of privacy, patients focused on informational and psychosocial dimensions of privacy, as well as its physical dimension.
Sports participation styles revisited: A time-trend study in Belgium from the 1970s to the 2000s
Authors: Borgers Julie , Thibaut Erik , Vandermeerschen Hanne , Vanreusel Bart , Vos Steven , Scheerder Jeroen
Published: January 2013

Social changes have been influencing determinants for sports participation since the introduction of the Sport for All ideology in the early 1970s. Consistent with Crum’s sportisation theory, today’s modes of sports practices, as well as the network of sport services, have diversified and de-traditionalised.

As part of a research tradition, this contribution aims at analysing changes in sports participation styles in kinesiology students in Belgium during the past four decades (1972–2009). The distinct target group was supposed to fulfil a trend-setting role in the area of active sports participation. Data were obtained from a standardised retrospective questionnaire on leisure-time sports participation. Using standardised methods, Principal Component Analysis was used to identify patterns of sports participation. The results show a diversification of sports participation styles until the 1980s, followed by an intensification of basic style components since the 1990s. Sports participation styles between 1999 and 2009 are subdivided into multiple distinct traditional and non-traditional components, with growing emphasis on non-traditional, alternative practices. Newly observed components in 2009 are discussed in relation to previous time intervals and trends in sports participation.
A Multi-Study Analysis of Conceptual and Measurement Issues Related to Health Research on Acculturation in Latinos
Authors: Andrews Arthur R. , Bridges Ana J. , Gomez Debbie
Published: January 2013

Purpose: The aims of the study were to evaluate the orthogonality of acculturation for Latinos. Design: Regression analyses were used to examine acculturation in two Latino samples ( N = 77; N = 40). In a third study ( N = 673), confirmatory factor analyses compared unidimensional and bidimensional models. Method: Acculturation was assessed with the ARSMA-II (Studies 1 and 2), and language proficiency items from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (Study 3). Results: In Studies 1 and 2, the bidimensional model accounted for slightly more variance ( R2Study 1 = .11; R2Study 2 = .21) than the unidimensional model ( R2Study 1 = .10; R2Study 2 = .19). In Study 3, the bidimensional model evidenced better fit (Akaike information criterion = 167.36) than the unidimensional model (Akaike information criterion = 1204.92). Discussion/Conclusions: Acculturation is multidimensional. Implications for Practice: Care providers should examine acculturation as a bidimensional construct.
Language Interpretation for Diverse Families
Authors: More Cori M. , Hart Juliet E. , Cheatham Gregory A.
Published: January 2013

The special education field is challenged by a lack of attention to and recruitment of well-trained language interpreters in schools. As such, special education teachers need to take a leadership role in working with interpreters to ensure diverse families are collaborative members of individualized education program (IEP) teams. Using the framework of collaborative family school partnerships, this article describes practical strategies for special educators when working with interpreters during IEP meetings with families. Taking a proactive role when working with interpreters can help improve the quality of service delivery for diverse students with disabilities and their families.
Understanding the Context of Moral Dilemmas in Health Care Organizations
Authors: Rowe Rev. Jimmy
Published: January 2013

This article explores the relationship between early childhood moral development and moral dilemmas as it relates to employee training and continuing education in health care organizations. Additionally, this article seeks to explore three intentional strategies ( narratives, bibliotherapy, and the analytical process for problem solving) to train employees who are faced with moral dilemmas in the health care workplace. How does one arrive at a decision that is “right” and “not wrong”? This article also discusses the importance of moral reasoning within the context of health care organizations.
Isolation of Tritrichomonas foetus from cats sampled at a cat clinic, cat shows and a humane society in southern Ontario
Authors: Hosein Ansarah , Kruth Stephen A , Pearl David L , Richardson Danielle , Maggs Jocelyn C , Peach Hillary A , Peregrine Andrew S
Published: January 2013

Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that has been associated with chronic diarrhea in cats. This study aimed to determine (i) the prevalence of T foetus shedding in cats from three different populations in southern Ontario, and (ii) associations between the presence of T foetus and potential cat management, health and demographic risk factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 140 cats from a cat clinic in Guelph, 46 cats from a humane society in Guelph and 55 cats from two cat shows. Risk factor information was assessed through a questionnaire. The InPouch TF (feline) culture method was used to determine the presence of T foetus in all samples. Polymerase chain reaction was conducted on all samples positive by the InPouch TF, as well as 132 negative samples. The assays were interpreted in series and the prevalence of T foetus shedding and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated at 0.7% (95% CI: 0.0–3.9%; n = 140) from the cat clinic, 0% (95% CI: 0.0–7.7%; n = 46) from the humane society and 23.6% (95% CI: 13.2–37.0%; n = 55) from the cat shows. ‘Attendance at cat shows’ was the only variable significant in both the univariable and multivariable analyses ( P <0.05). No significant association was found between the presence of T foetus and diarrhea at the time of sampling or having a history of diarrhea in the past 6 months. The prevalence of T foetus was highly variable among populations of cats in southern Ontario, with shedding being most common in show cats.
Gender Manoeuvring in Swedish Skateboarding: Negotiations of Femininities and the Hierarchical Gender Structure
Authors: Bäckström Åsa
Published: January 2013

The Nordic countries score high in gender equality ratings and we have a long tradition of working with feminist agendas promising liberal futures to both young women and men. Still, contemporary young women struggle to make room for female participation in male-dominated spaces. Based on ethnographic research, this article explores gender manoeuvring, that is, manipulations of the relationship between masculinity and femininity in the patterned beliefs and activities of Swedish skateboarding. The three most apparent femininities in the empirical material, ‘the tomboy’, ‘the bitch’, and ‘the lesbian’, are discussed and how they sometimes give rise to gender manoeuvring and sometimes not. I argue that the formation of a national network harnessing feminist strategies has been successful in making space for female skateboarding in local skateparks and the mainstream media. The negotiations these actions result in have the potential to transform the hierarchical gender order between and among masculinities and femininities. However, simultaneous tendencies to preserve the unequal gender structure through valuing both hegemonic masculinity and femininity become visible.
Invisible, Stereotyped and Filtered by Adults: The Image of Young People in the Catalan News Media
Authors: Figueras–Maz Mònica , Ríos Marcel Mauri-De Los , Rodríguez-Martínez Ruth
Published: January 2013

The study on which this article is based aims to quantify the presence and image of young people in leading Catalan news media. Analysis shows that youngsters have a very low visibility factor in the Catalan media, except in the case of sports news. The presence of young people is significantly greater when dealing with themes such as violence, disasters and education. As regards the roles that young people play in news stories, results show an adult-centric vision. Young people figure greatly when dealing with issues such as violence but when structural problems such as education, work and emancipation are addressed, an external and institutional vision is adopted.
Nanoscale elastoplastic adhesion of wet asperities
Authors: Chong WWF , Teodorescu M , Rahnejat H
Published: January 2013

Accurate prediction of friction is crucial for design and efficient operation of many devices, comprising various contacts. In practice, contacting surfaces are rough and often wet. There are several mechanisms, which contribute to friction, including viscous shear of a coherent fluid film, as well as that of a thin adsorbed layer of boundary active molecular species. Additionally, adhesion and elastoplastic deformation of asperities on counterface surfaces may occur. Traditional friction models are based on statistical representation of surface topography as well as description of boundary shear films based on the theoretical lubricant film Eyring shear stress. The study reports a more realistic friction model than the traditional ones, which do not take into account the wet nature of the asperities. The fluid–surface interaction is a main contribution of the article, not hitherto reported in literature. It is shown that ignoring the effect of surface wetness can lead to the over-estimation of boundary friction and under-estimation of contact load-carrying capacity.
Sexual behaviors in male sex workers in Spain: Modulating factors
Authors: Ballester Rafael , Salmerón Pedro , Gil María D , Giménez Cristina
Published: January 2013

This study analyzed how the culture of origin, educational level, sexual orientation, and experience of male sex workers may mediate their commercial sexual behaviors. A total of 100 Spanish agency male sex workers were interviewed. Most of them were young men, Latin American, homosexual, and had middle-level education. Our results showed that cultural differences and sexual orientation could influence male sex workers when engaging in sexual behaviors with their clients. Social and health projects with male sex workers may have to take into account sexual myths and taboos related to sexual orientation and cultural differences.
Exploring non-traditional sources of development finance: The case of remittance in Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Hasanuzzaman , Akbar Mashfique Ibne
Published: January 2013

The article attempts to explain the underlying rationale for consideration of remittances as a potential source of Innovative Development Finance (IDF). Remittance is considered as IDF in the face of declining flow of external resources, mainly foreign aid, in Bangladesh. The sources of remittance are depicted in relation to the type of workers remitting earnings back to Bangladesh and also the different destination countries. The concluding remarks of the article are preceded with a new idea on how to mobilize such private flows as development finance, through the public–private partnership (PPP) model.