bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
5.2 CA filter tow for cigarette filters
Authors: Rustemeyer Paul
Published: April 2004

Important steps in the process of the transformation of cellulose acetate flakes into Filter Tow and then into filters are explained: dissolving of cellulose acetate in acetone, extrusion of spin dope through spinnerets, crimping of tow band, drying and baling, rod making. Quality parameters of Filter Tow and filters are summarized as well as. The effect of selective filtration of cellulose acetate cigarette filters.
Quality management in the Turkish public sector: a survey
Authors: Üstüner Yilmaz , Coşkun Seli̇m
Published: April 2004

This article assesses the challenges of introducing Quality Management (QM) in the Turkish public sector in two pioneering central institutions. A survey was conducted with the aim of exploring in particular the views of the workforce on the feasibility and prospects of QM. Findings revealed that despite the differences in both the practice and the perceptions, the workforce had a positive attitude and shared an awareness of the need for a comprehensive reform that included wide utilisation of QM. The results also imply that the success of QM is conditioned by the approach adopted and the organisational context. Considering the fact that QM necessitates long‐term commitment and adequate resources, its future cannot be isolated from general problems of the Turkish public administration system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of Novel Heterocyclic Insensitive High Explosive Compounds: Pyridines, Pyrimidines, Pyrazines and Their Bicyclic Analogues
Authors: Millar Ross W. , Philbin Simon P. , Claridge Robert P. , Hamid Javid
Published: April 2004

The rationale behind using heterocyclic compounds [1], particularly nitrogen heterocycles, as higher energy insensitive high explosives is discussed, including the potential advantages compared with carbocyclic compounds. The types of functional groups used to impart energy to heterocyclic nuclei, whilst maintaining insensitivity, and methodologies for their introduction, are covered. The latter include nitration (by conventional and clean synthetic methods), amination, and oxidation (on ring heteroatoms and of exocyclic amino groups). Strategies for maximising the energetic content of a given heterocyclic nucleus are also examined. The syntheses of specific examples at QinetiQ are described, based on the following nuclei: pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, pteridine and purine. Strategies for obtaining the desired amino‐nitro derivatives and their heterocyclic N‐oxides are outlined. Optimisation of the synthetic routes for several candidates is discussed. The physical, explosive and thermal properties of the more successful candidates are described, with suggestions for their potential application in military stores.
Mental disorders in a forensic sample of sexual offenders
Authors: Leue Anja , Borchard Bernd , Hoyer Jürgen
Published: April 2004

Objective

The present study examined the prevalence of DSM IV axis I disorders and DSM IV personality disorders among sexual offenders in Forensic State Hospitals in Germany.

Method

Current and lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders were investigated based on clinical structured interviews among sexual offenders (n= 55). Additionally, subgroups were analyzed on the basis of diagnostic research criteria, with 30 sexual offenders classified as paraphiliacs and 25 sexual offenders as having an impulse control disorder (without paraphilia).

Results

Anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and substance use disorders were common among sexual offenders, as were cluster B and cluster C personality disorders. While social phobia was most common among paraphilic sexual offenders, major depression was most prevalent in impulse control disordered sexual offenders.

Conclusion

The results replicate recent findings of high psychiatric morbidity in sexual offendersplacedin forensic facilities. Furthermore, differential patterns of co-morbid mental disorders were found in paraphiliacs and impulse control disordered sexual offenders. With regard to an effective therapy and relapse prevention co-morbid mental disorders should be a greater focus in the assessment of subgroups of sexual offenders.
Immunotherapy and immunoselection – tumour escape as the final hurdle
Authors: Pawelec Graham
Published: April 2004

Tumours are immunogenic and are commonly infiltrated by anti‐cancer effector cells. Why, then, are they not completely rejected by the host? Unfortunately, tumours are Darwinian paragons, winning the battle against the forces of natural immune selection. Some of the latter can even act as double‐edged swords, actually being subverted to become pro‐tumorigenic. Prevention or reversal of tumour escape from the immune response therefore offers the possibility of reconstituting effective anti‐tumour immunity and remains the major challenge for 21st century tumour immunology.
Equation of state of condensed matter in laser-induced
high-pressure regime
Authors: GODWAL B.K. , RAO R.S. , VERMA A.K. , SHUKLA M. , PANT H.C. , SIKKA S.K.
Published: April 2004

We have simulated the shock Hugoniot of copper and uranium based on
the results of first principles electronic structure calculations. The
room temperature isotherm has been obtained by evaluating the accurate
ground state total energies at various compressions, and the thermal
and electronic excitation contributions were obtained by adopting
isotropic models using the results obtained by the band structure
calculations. Our calculations ensure smooth consideration of pressure
ionization effects as the relevant core states are treated in the
semi-core form at the ambient pressure. The pressure variation of the
electronic Grüneisen parameter was estimated for copper using the
band structure results, which leads to good agreement of the simulated
shock Hugoniot with the measured shock data. The simulation results
obtained for U are also compared with the experimental data available
in literature and with our own data.
Potential roles for heavy negative ions as driver beams
Authors: GRISHAM L.R.
Published: April 2004

We have performed an initial assessment of the feasibility of
producing heavy negative ion beams as drivers for an inertial
confinement fusion reactor. Negative ion beams offer the potentially
important advantages relative to positive ions that they will not draw
electrons from surfaces and the target chamber plasma during
acceleration, compression, and focusing, and they will not have a low
energy tail. Intense negative ion beams could also be efficiently
converted to atomically neutral beams by photodetachment prior to
entering the target chamber. Depending on the target chamber pressure,
this atomic beam will undergo ionization as it crosses the chamber, but
at chamber pressures at least as high as 1.3 ×
10−4 torr, there may still be significant improvements
in the beam spot size on the target, due to the reduction in
path-averaged self-field perveance. The halogens, with their large
electron affinities, are the best negative ion candidates. Fluorine and
chlorine are the easiest halogens to use for near-term source
experiments, whereas bromine and iodine best meet present expectations
of driver mass. With regard to ion sources and photodetachment
neutralizers, this approach should be feasible with existing
technology. Except for the target chamber, the vacuum requirements for
accelerating and transporting high energy negative ions are essentially
the same as for positive ions.
A modular object-oriented framework for hierarchical multi-resolution robot simulation
Authors: Yeo Sanghoon , Kim Jinwook , Lee Sung Hee , Park F. C. , Park Wooram , Kim Junggon , Park Changbeom , Yeo Intaeck
Published: April 2004

We describe the design and implementation of RSTATION, an object-oriented, modular robot simulator with hierarchical analysis capabilities. Modularity is achieved via the features of design encapsulation and enables grouping a set of

interconnected components into a single component and dividing the robot system into several sets of subordinate modules recursively. By careful construction of the data types and classes, RSTATION allows for hierarchical simulation of the kinematics, and the dynamics at three levels: considering only main links (high-level), using simplified models including dynamic properties of transmission elements (intermediate level), and taking into account the detailed kinematics and dynamics of transmission elements (low-level). Submodules can be set to different resolution during a single simulation. The data types and classes also exploit a recent set of coordinate invariant robot analysis algorithms based on modern

screw theory. Central to the low-level dynamic analysis capability is an algorithm for systematically extracting the constraint equations for general gearing systems. The various features of RSTATION are illustrated with a detailed case study of a commercial industrial robot.
A real-time path planning approach without the computation of Cspace
obstacles
Authors: Wang Yongji , Han Liu , Li Mingshu , Wang Qing , Zhou Jinhui , Cartmel Matthew
Published: April 2004

An important concept proposed in the early stage of robot path planning field is the shrinking of the robot to a point and meanwhile expanding of the obstacles in the workspace as a set of new obstacles. The resulting grown obstacles are called the Configuration Space (Cspace) obstacles. The find-path problem is then transformed into that
of finding a collision free path for a point robot among the Cspace obstacles. However, the research experiences obtained so far have shown that the calculation of the Cspace obstacles
is very hard work when the following situations occur: 1. both the robot and obstacles are not polygons and 2. the robot is allowed to rotate. This situation is even worse when the robot and obstacles are three dimensional (3D) objects with various shapes. Obviously a direct path planning approach without the calculation of the Cspace obstacles is strongly needed. This paper presents such a new real-time robot path planning approach which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first one in the robotic community. The fundamental ideas are the utilization of inequality and optimization technique. Simulation results have been presented to show its merits.
Augusto Boal and the Woman in Lima: a Poetic Encounter
Authors: Dwyer Paul
Published: April 2004

Twenty-five years after the landmark publication of Theatre of the Oppressed, there is no denying the continuing influence of Augusto Boal on theatre practitioners, community workers, and political activists worldwide. To judge by the number of recent publications by or about Boal (including five best-selling books from Routledge in little more than a decade), the ‘Boal Boom’ shows no evidence of decline. There is also, however, an emerging culture of critique around various aspects of the theory and practice of Theatre of the Oppressed; and in the following article, Paul Dwyer argues that a reflexive, critical approach to using Boal's techniques should begin with an acknowledgement that they are not based on a stable theoretical foundation. Rather, the underlying principles, articulated by Boal in the many anecdotes that fill his books, lectures, and workshops, appear to have shifted over the years to become more closely aligned with the expectations of his audience. The theory of Theatre of the Oppressed should thus be seen as a co-creation for which the readers and propagators of Boal's work share a significant responsibility. Paul Dwyer is a lecturer in the Department of Performance Studies at the University of Sydney.
TRANSIENT SOLUTION FOR A SIMPLE IMMIGRATION BIRTH–DEATH
CATASTROPHE PROCESS
Authors: Kyriakidis E. G.
Published: April 2004

In this note, we consider a simple immigration birth–death
process with total catastrophes and we obtain the transient
probabilities. Our approach involves a renewal argument. It is
comparatively simpler and leads to more elegant expressions than other
approaches that appeared in the literature recently.
AIS – A Pilot's Perspective
Authors: Pratt Colin R. , Taylor Geoff
Published: April 2004

This paper formed the basis of a highly successful talk at the RIN's AIS 03 in Church House London on 24th/25th November 2003. The authors are Tees Bay Pilots and have used their expertise and knowledge to survey and examine the introduction and progress of AIS.
Stability of North Atlantic water masses in face of pronounced climate variability during the Pleistocene
Authors: Raymo M. E. , Oppo D. W. , Flower B. P. , Hodell D. A. , McManus J. F. , Venz K. A. , Kleiven K. F. , McIntyre K.
Published: April 2004

Geochemical profiles from the North Atlantic Ocean suggest that the vertical δ13C structure of the water column at intermediate depths did not change significantly between glacial and interglacial time over much of the Pleistocene, despite large changes in ice volume and iceberg delivery from nearby landmasses. The most anomalous δ13C profiles are from the extreme interglaciations of the late Pleistocene. This compilation of data suggests that, unlike today (an extreme interglaciation), the two primary sources of northern deep water, Norwegian‐Greenland Sea and Labrador Sea/subpolar North Atlantic, had different characteristic δ13C values over most of the Pleistocene. We speculate that the current open sea ice conditions in the Norwegian‐Greenland Sea are a relatively rare occurrence and that the high‐δ13C deep water that forms in this region today is geologically unusual. If northern source deep waters can have highly variable δ13C, then this likelihood must be considered when inferring past circulation changes from benthic δ13C records.
Short-chain fatty acids enhance nuclear receptor activity through mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and histone deacetylase inhibition
Authors: Jansen Michelle S. , Nagel Susan C. , Miranda Phillippa J. , Lobenhofer Edward K. , Afshari Cynthia A. , McDonnell Donald P.
Published: April 2004

In this study, we demonstrate that the pervasive xenobiotic methoxyacetic acid and the commonly prescribed anticonvulsant valproic acid, both short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), dramatically increase cellular sensitivity to estrogens, progestins, and other nuclear hormone receptor ligands. These compounds do not mimic endogenous hormones but rather act to enhance the transcriptional efficacy of ligand activated nuclear hormone receptors by up to 8-fold
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Detailed characterization of their mode of action revealed that these SCFAs function as both activators of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and as inhibitors of histone deacetylases at doses that parallel known exposure levels. Our results define a class of compounds that possess a dual mechanism of action and function as hormone sensitizers. These findings prompt an evaluation of previously unrecognized drug–drug interactions in women who are administered exogenous hormones while exposed to certain xenobiotic SCFAs. Furthermore, our study highlights the need to structure future screening programs to identify additional hormone sensitizers.
Kashifi's Forgotten Masterpiece: Why Rediscover the Anvār-i Suhaylī?
Authors: van Ruymbeke Christine
Published: April 2004

The Date of the Composition of Husayn Vaᶜiz-i Kashifi's Anvār-i Suhaylī is uncertain. It is conjectured that it must have been completed at the end of the ninth/fifteenth century, probably about the time that he wrote another famous work, the Akhlāq-i Muḥsinī. Since Kashifi died in 910/1504-05 “at a ripe old age,” this implies that he had probably already reached an age of experience and wisdom when he started to recast the collection of fables known as Kalīla wa Dimna.

This is not the place to go into detail about the rich and varied history of these fables, and of their adoption in most cultures of the ancient world. It will suffice to recall only the stages of the history of this text that are directly related to the late fifteenth- century Timurid version studied here.

The Pancatantra, the Sanskrit text on which Kalīla wa Dimna was based, was probably composed in Kashmir by an unknown Brahmin around 300 A.D. By using fables which had animals as the main characters, the text aimed at informing youths, who were destined for government posts, about the laws governing political life.
On 𝑞-analogues of the Euler constant and Lerch’s limit formula
Authors: Kurokawa Nobushige , Wakayama Masato
Published: April 2004

We introduce and study a

q
q

-analogue

γ
(
q
)

\gamma (q)

of the Euler constant via a suitably defined

q
q

-analogue of the Riemann zeta function. We show, in particular, that the value

γ
(
2
)

\gamma (2)

is irrational. We also present a

q
q

-analogue of the Hurwitz zeta function and establish an analogue of the limit formula of Lerch in 1894 for the gamma function. This limit formula can be regarded as a natural generalization of the formula of

γ
(
q
)

\gamma (q)

.
Integration by parts on the Brownian Meander
Authors: Bonaccorsi Stefano , Zambotti Lorenzo
Published: April 2004

We prove infinite-dimensional integration by parts formulae for the laws of the Brownian Meander, of the Bessel Bridge of dimension 3 between

z
,

z
′

≥
0

z,z’\geq 0

and of the Brownian Motion on the set of all paths taking values greater than or equal to a nonpositive constant. We give applications to SPDEs with reflection.
Phragmén-Lindelöf theorems
Authors: Fenton P. , Rossi John
Published: April 2004

Results of Phragmén-Lindelöf type are obtained for subharmonic functions in sectorial domains of bounded angular extent.
Hecke algebras for the basic characters of the unitriangular group
Authors: André Carlos
Published: April 2004

Let

U

n

(
q
)

U_{n}(q)

denote the unitriangular group of degree

n
n

over the finite field with

q
q

elements. In a previous paper we obtained a decomposition of the regular character of

U

n

(
q
)

U_{n}(q)

as an orthogonal sum of basic characters. In this paper, we study the irreducible constituents of an arbitrary basic character

ξ

D

(
φ
)

\xi _{{\mathcal {D}}}(\varphi )

of

U

n

(
q
)

U_{n}(q)

. We prove that

ξ

D

(
φ
)

\xi _{ {\mathcal {D}}}(\varphi )

is induced from a linear character of an algebra subgroup of

U

n

(
q
)

U_{n}(q)

, and we use the Hecke algebra associated with this linear character to describe the irreducible constituents of

ξ

D

(
φ
)

\xi _{{\mathcal {D}}}(\varphi )

as characters induced from an algebra subgroup of

U

n

(
q
)

U_{n}(q)

. Finally, we identify a special irreducible constituent of

ξ

D

(
φ
)

\xi _{{\mathcal {D}}}(\varphi )

, which is also induced from a linear character of an algebra subgroup. In particular, we extend a previous result (proved under the assumption

p
≥
n

p \geq n

where

p
p

is the characteristic of the field) that gives a necessary and sufficient condition for

ξ

D

(
φ
)

\xi _{{\mathcal {D}}}(\varphi )

to have a unique irreducible constituent.
On Rakhmanov’s theorem for Jacobi matrices
Authors: Denisov Sergey
Published: April 2004

We prove Rakhmanov’s theorem for Jacobi matrices without the additional assumption that the number of bound states is finite. This result solves one of Nevai’s open problems.
On a Liouville-type theorem and the Fujita blow-up phenomenon
Authors: Kartsatos A. , Kurta V.
Published: April 2004

The main purpose of this paper is to obtain the well-known results of H. Fujita and K. Hayakawa on the nonexistence of nontrivial nonnegative global solutions for the Cauchy problem for the equation

(

∗

)

u

t

=
Δ
u
+

|

u

|

q
−
1

u

\begin{equation*} u_{t} = \Delta u + |u|^{q-1} u \tag {$\ast $} \end{equation*}

with

q
∈
(
1
,
1
+

2
n

]

q\in (1, 1+\frac {2}{n}]

on the half-space

S

:=
(
0
,
+
∞
)
×

R

n

,
 
n
≥
1
,

{\mathbb {S}} := (0, +\infty ) \times {\mathbb {R}}^{n},~ n\geq 1,

as a consequence of a new Liouville theorem of elliptic type for solutions of (

∗
\ast

) on

S

{\mathbb {S}}

. This new result is in turn a consequence of other new phenomena established for nonlinear evolution problems. In particular, we prove that the inequality

|

u

|

t

≥
Δ
u
+

|

u

|

q

,

\begin{equation*} |u|_{t} \geq \Delta u + |u|^{q}, \end{equation*}

has no nontrivial solutions on

S

{\mathbb {S}}

when

q
∈
(
1
,
1
+

2
n

]
.

q\in (1, 1+\frac {2}{n}].

We also show that the inequality

u

t

≥
Δ
u
+

|

u

|

q
−
1

u

\begin{equation*} u_{t} \geq \Delta u + |u|^{q-1}u \end{equation*}

has no nontrivial nonnegative solutions for

q
∈
(
1
,
1
+

2
n

]

q\in (1, 1+\frac {2}{n}]

, and it has no solutions on

S

{\mathbb {S}}

bounded below by a positive constant for

q
>
1.

q>1.
Mansfield’s imprimitivity theorem for arbitrary closed subgroups
Authors: an Huef Astrid , Raeburn Iain
Published: April 2004

Let

δ
\delta

be a nondegenerate coaction of

G
G

on a

C
∗

C^*

-algebra

B
B

, and let

H
H

be a closed subgroup of

G
G

. The dual action

δ
^

:
H
→
Aut
⁡
(
B

×
δ

G
)

\hat \delta :H\to \operatorname {Aut}(B\times _\delta G)

is proper and saturated in the sense of Rieffel, and the generalised fixed-point algebra is the crossed product of

B
B

by the homogeneous space

G

/

H

G/H

. The resulting Morita equivalence is a version of Mansfield’s imprimitivity theorem which requires neither amenability nor normality of 

H
H

.
𝐶ⁿ interval maps not Borel conjugate to any 𝐶^{∞} map
Authors: Ruette Sylvie
Published: April 2004

We show that there exist interval maps that are not Borel conjugate to any

C

∞

C^{\infty }

map. These examples can be chosen to be topologically mixing and

C
n

C^n

, for any finite, arbitrarily large

n
n

.
A remark on global existence for small initial data of the minimal surface equation in Minkowskian space time
Authors: Lindblad Hans
Published: April 2004

We show that the nonlinear wave equation corresponding to the minimal surface equation in Minkowski space time has a global solution for sufficiently small initial data.
On partial actions and groupoids
Authors: Abadie Fernando
Published: April 2004

We prove that, as in the case of global actions, any partial action gives rise to a groupoid provided with a Haar system, whose

C
∗

C^*

-algebra agrees with the crossed product by the partial action.
Commutants of reflexive algebras and classification of completely distributive subspace lattices
Authors: Li Pengtong , Lu Shijie , Ma Jipu
Published: April 2004

Let

L

\mathcal {L}

be a subspace lattice on a normed space

X
X

containing a nontrivial comparable element. If

T
T

commutes with all the operators in

Alg

L

\mbox {Alg}\mathcal {L}

, then there exists a scalar

λ
\lambda

such that

(
T
−
λ
I

)
2

=
0

(T-\lambda I)^2=0

. Furthermore, we classify the class of completely distributive subspace lattices into subclasses called Type

I

(
n
)

I^{(n)}

, Type

I

I

(
n
)

II^{(n)}

and Type

I
I
I

III

, respectively. It is shown that nontrivial nests or, more generally, completely distributive subspace lattices with a comparable element are Type

I

(
1
)

I^{(1)}

, and that nontrivial atomic Boolean subspace lattices are Type

I

I

(
0
)

II^{(0)}

.
A note on the support of a Sobolev function on a 𝑘-cell
Authors: Ziemer W.
Published: April 2004

It is shown that a

k
k

-cell (the homeomorphic image of a closed ball in

R

k

\mathbb {R}^{k}

) in

R

n

\mathbb {R}^{n}

,

1
≤
k
>
n

1\leq k>n

, cannot support a function in

W

1
,
p

(

R

n

)

W^{1,p}(\mathbb {R}^{n})

if

p
>
[

k
+
1

2

]

p>[\frac {k+1}{2}]

, the greatest integer in

(
k
+
1
)

/

2

(k+1)/2

.
Quasi-minimal abelian groups
Authors: Goldsmith B. , Óhógáin S. , Wallutis S.
Published: April 2004

An abelian groupGGis said to bequasi-minimal (purely quasi-minimal, directly quasi-minimal)if it is isomorphic to all its subgroups (pure subgroups, direct summands, respectively) of the same cardinality asGG. Obviously quasi-minimality implies pure quasi-minimality which in turn implies direct quasi-minimality, but we show that neither converse implication holds. We obtain a complete characterisation of quasi-minimal groups. In the purely quasi-minimal case, assuming GCH, a complete characterisation is also established. An independence result is proved for directly quasi-minimal groups.
A note on cocycle-conjugate endomorphisms of von Neumann algebras
Authors: Floricel Remus
Published: April 2004

We show that two cocycle-conjugate endomorphisms of an arbitrary von Neumann algebra that satisfy certain stability conditions are conjugate endomorphisms, when restricted to some specific von Neumann subalgebras. As a consequence of this result, we obtain a new criterion for conjugacy of Powers shift endomorphisms acting on factors of type

I

∞

.

\rm {I}_{\infty }.
Enlarging totally geodesic submanifolds of symmetric spaces to minimal submanifolds of one dimension higher
Authors: Gorodski Claudio
Published: April 2004

We show that a totally geodesic submanifold of a symmetric space satisfying certain conditions admits an extension to a minimal submanifold of dimension one higher, and we apply this result to construct new examples of complete embedded minimal submanifolds in simply connected noncompact globally symmetric spaces.
Carlson type inequalities and embeddings of interpolation spaces
Authors: Larsson Leo
Published: April 2004

We discuss the close relation between Carlson type inequalities
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar a double-vertical-bar Subscript upper X Baseline less-than-or-equal-to upper K double-vertical-bar a double-vertical-bar Subscript upper A 0 Superscript 1 minus theta Baseline double-vertical-bar a double-vertical-bar Subscript upper A 1 Superscript theta">

‖
a

‖
X

≤
K
‖
a

‖

A
0

1
−
θ

‖
a

‖

A
1

θ

\|a\|_X\leq K\|a\|_{A_0}^{1-\theta }\|a\|_{A_1}^\theta

\]
and interpolation, and prove embedding results for real interpolation spaces, in particular into weighted

L
p

L_p

-spaces.
Zeros of functions with finite Dirichlet integral
Authors: Richter Stefan , Ross William , Sundberg Carl
Published: April 2004

In this paper, we refine a result of Nagel, Rudin, and Shapiro (1982) concerning the zeros of holomorphic functions on the unit disk with finite Dirichlet integral.
Mumford curves with maximal automorphism group
Authors: Cornelissen Gunther , Kato Fumiharu
Published: April 2004

A Mumford curve of genus

g
∉
{
0
,
1
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
}

g \notin \{0,1,5,6,7,8 \}

over a non-Archimedean valued field of characteristic

p
>
0

p>0

has at most

2

g

(

g

+
1

)
2

2 \sqrt {g} (\sqrt {g}+1)^2

automorphisms. In this note, the unique family of curves that attains this bound, and its automorphism group, are determined.
Geometry of epimorphisms and frames
Authors: Corach Gustavo , Pacheco Miriam , Stojanoff Demetrio
Published: April 2004

Using a bijection between the set

B

H

\mathcal {B}_{\mathcal {H}}

of all Bessel sequences in a (separable) Hilbert space

H

\mathcal {H}

and the space

L
(

ℓ
2

,

H

)

L(\ell ^2 , \mathcal {H})

of all (bounded linear) operators from

ℓ
2

\ell ^2

to

H

\mathcal {H}

, we endow the set

F

\mathcal {F}

of all frames in

H

\mathcal {H}

with a natural topology for which we determine the connected components of

F

\mathcal {F}

. We show that each component is a homogeneous space of the group

G
L
(

ℓ
2

)

GL( \ell ^2)

of invertible operators of

ℓ
2

\ell ^2

. This geometrical result shows that every smooth curve in

F

\mathcal {F}

can be lifted to a curve in

G
L
(

ℓ
2

)

GL( \ell ^2)

: given a smooth curve

γ
\gamma

in

F

\mathcal {F}

such that

γ
(
0
)
=
Ξ

\gamma (0)= \Xi

, there exists a smooth curve

Γ
\Gamma

in

G
L
(

ℓ
2

)

GL(\ell ^2)

such that

γ
=
Γ
⋅
Ξ

\gamma = \Gamma \cdot \Xi

, where the dot indicates the action of

G
L
(

ℓ
2

)

GL( \ell ^2)

over

F

\mathcal {F}

. We also present a similar study of the set of Riesz sequences.
The dual spectral set conjecture
Authors: Pedersen Steen
Published: April 2004

Suppose that

Λ
=
(
a

Z

+
b
)
∪
(
c

Z

+
d
)

\Lambda =(a\mathbf {Z}+b)\cup (c\mathbf {Z}+d)

where

a
,
b
,
c
,
d

a,b,c,d

are real numbers such that

a
≠
0

a\neq 0

and

c
≠
0.

c\neq 0.

The union is not assumed to be disjoint. It is shown that the translates

Ω
+
λ

\Omega +\lambda

,

λ
∈
Λ

\lambda \in \Lambda

, tile the real line for some bounded measurable set

Ω
\Omega

if and only if the exponentials

e

λ

(
x
)
=

e

i
2
π
λ
x

e_{\lambda }(x)=e^{i2\pi \lambda x}

,

λ
∈
Λ

\lambda \in \Lambda

, form an orthogonal basis for some bounded measurable set

Ω
′

.

\Omega ’.
A limit-point criterion for a class of Sturm-Liouville operators defined in 𝐿^{𝑝} spaces
Authors: Brown R.
Published: April 2004

Using a recent result of Chernyavskaya and Shuster we show that the maximal operator determined by

M
[
y
]
=
−
y
+
q
y

M[y]=-y+qy

on

[
a
,
∞
)

[a,\infty )

,

a
>
−
∞

a>-\infty

, where

q
≥
0

q\ge 0

and the mean value of

q
q

computed over all subintervals of

R

\mathbb {R}

of a fixed length is bounded away from zero, shares several standard “limit-point at

∞
\infty

" properties of the

L
2

L^2

case. We also show that there is a unique solution of

M
[
y
]
=
0

M[y]=0

that is in all

L
p

[
a
,
∞
)

L^p[a, \infty )

,

p
=
[
1
,
∞
]

p=[1,\infty ]

.
A Capelli Harish-Chandra homomorphism
Authors: Przebinda Tomasz
Published: April 2004

For a real reductive dual pair the Capelli identities define a homomorphism

C

\mathcal {C}

from the center of the universal enveloping algebra of the larger group to the center of the universal enveloping algebra of the smaller group. In terms of the Harish-Chandra isomorphism, this map involves a

ρ
\rho

-shift. We view a dual pair as a Lie supergroup and offer a construction of the homomorphism

C

\mathcal {C}

based solely on the Harish-Chandra’s radial component maps. Thus we provide a geometric interpretation of the

ρ
\rho

-shift.
Fundamental solutions for non-divergence form operators on stratified groups
Authors: Bonfiglioli Andrea , Lanconelli Ermanno , Uguzzoni Francesco
Published: April 2004

We construct the fundamental solutionsΓ\Gammaandγ\gammafor the non-divergence form operators∑i,jai,j(x,t)XiXj−∂t\,{\textstyle \sum _{i,\,j}\,} a_{i,\,j}(x,t)\,X_iX_j\,-\,\partial _t\,and∑i,jai,j(x)XiXj{\,\textstyle \sum _{i,\,j}}\,a_{i,\,j}(x)\,X_iX_j, where theXiX_i’s are Hörmander vector fields generating a stratified groupG\mathbb {G}and(ai,j)i,j(a_{i,j})_{i,j}is a positive-definite matrix with Hölder continuous entries. We also provide Gaussian estimates ofΓ\Gammaand its derivatives and some results for the relevant Cauchy problem. Suitable long-time estimates ofΓ\Gammaallow us to constructγ\gammausing bothtt-saturation and approximation arguments.
𝐿²-metrics, projective flatness and families of polarized abelian varieties
Authors: To Wing-Keung , Weng Lin
Published: April 2004

We compute the curvature of the

L

2

L^{2}

-metric on the direct image of a family of Hermitian holomorphic vector bundles over a family of compact Kähler manifolds. As an application, we show that the

L

2

L^{2}

-metric on the direct image of a family of ample line bundles over a family of abelian varieties and equipped with a family of canonical Hermitian metrics is always projectively flat. When the parameter space is a compact Kähler manifold, this leads to the poly-stability of the direct image with respect to any Kähler form on the parameter space.
Hermitian metrics inducing the Poincaré metric, in the leaves of a singular holomorphic foliation by curves
Authors: Neto A. , Martins J.
Published: April 2004

In this paper we consider the problem of uniformization of the leaves of a holomorphic foliation by curves in a complex manifold

M
M

. We consider the following problems: 1. When is the uniformization function

λ

g

\lambda _{g}

, with respect to some metric

g
g

, continuous? It is known that the metric

g

4

λ

g

\frac {g}{4\lambda _{g}}

induces the Poincaré metric on the leaves. 2. When is the metric

g

4

λ

g

\frac {g}{4\lambda _{g}}

complete? We extend the concept of ultra-hyperbolic metric, introduced by Ahlfors in 1938, for singular foliations by curves, and we prove that if there exists a complete ultra-hyperbolic metric

g
g

, then

λ

g

\lambda _{g}

is continuous and

g

4

λ

g

\frac {g}{4\lambda _{g}}

is complete. In some local cases we construct such metrics, including the saddle-node (Theorem 1) and singularities given by vector fields with the first non-zero jet isolated (Theorem 2). We also give an example where for any metric

g
g

,

g

4

λ

g

\frac {g}{4\,\lambda _{g}}

is not complete (§3.2).
The information topology and true laminations for diffeomorphisms
Authors: Su Meiyu
Published: April 2004

We explore the lamination structure from data supplied by a general measure space

X
X

provided with a Borel probability measure

m
m

. We show that if the data satisfy some typical axioms, then there exists a lamination

L

\mathcal {L}

injected in the underlying space

X
X

whose image fills up the measure

m
m

. For an arbitrary

C

1
+
α

C^{1+\alpha }

-diffeomorphism

f
f

of a compact Riemannian manifold

M
M

, we construct the data that naturally possess the properties of the axioms; thus we obtain the stable and unstable laminations

L

s

/

u

\mathcal {L}^{s/u}

continuously injected in the stable and unstable partitions

W

s

/

u

\mathcal {W}^{s/u}

. These laminations intersect at almost every regular point for the measure.
Outcome of Acutely Ischemic Brain Tissue in Prolonged Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: A Serial Positron Emission Tomography Investigation in the Baboon
Authors: Giffard Cyrille , Young Alan R. , Kerrouche Nacer , Derlon Jean-Michel , Baron Jean-Claude
Published: April 2004

Thrombolysis within 3 to 6 hours of symptom onset is recommended therapy for acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke, but recent imaging studies in humans suggest that the penumbra may last much longer in some patients. It is therefore important to study the events that take place with occlusions that last longer than 6 hours. Based upon positron emission tomography (PET), the tissue with high oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) is at risk of infarction. In a previous sequential PET study in anesthetized baboons, we documented that when reperfusion was initiated at 6 hours after MCA occlusion, the region with the acutely highest OEF was not incorporated within the final magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined infarct, suggesting reperfusion prevented such demise. In agreement with this hypothesis, we report here using the same sequential PET paradigm with final chronic-stage volume MRI that a 20-hour MCA occlusion resulted in, on average, 36% of the highest OEF area being recruited into the final infarct. We also found that the portion of the highest OEF area that went on to infarct had at the earliest time-point significantly lower cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen metabolism (mean reductions relative to unoccluded side, 56% and 32%, respectively) than the portion that did not (41% and 11%, respectively) and that some reperfusion occurred in the latter at second time-point, that is, before recanalization. Thus, apart from duration of occlusion, the fate of the at-risk tissue is predicated by the initial severity of the ischemia as well as by early secondary events such as partial spontaneous reperfusion.
Pharmacological Manipulations of ATP-Dependent Potassium Channels and Adenosine A1 Receptors do not Impact Hippocampal Ischemic Preconditioning in Vivo: Evidence in a Highly Quantitative Gerbil Model
Authors: Sorimachi Takatoshi , Nowak Thaddeus S.
Published: April 2004

Ischemic preconditioning models have been characterized in brain, heart, and other tissues, and previous pharmacologic studies have suggested an involvement of adenosine and ATP dependent potassium (KATP) channels in such tolerance phenomena. This question was reexamined in a reproducible gerbil model in which the duration of ischemic depolarization defined the severity of preconditioning and test insults. Agents studied were glibenclamide, a blocker of KATP channels; 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; and N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), an A1 agonist. Intraventricular glibenclamide injections aggravated neuron damage after brief priming insults, in parallel with a dose-dependent prolongation of ischemic depolarization. However, the depolarization thresholds for ischemic neuronal injury were identical in vehicle- and glibenclamide-treated animals, and glibenclamide did not affect preconditioning when equivalent insult severity was maintained during priming insults. Neither DPCPX nor CPA had any effect on the onset or duration of depolarization after intraperitoneal injection in this model, and neither drug affected neuron damage. In the case of CPA, it was necessary to maintain temperature for 4 to 6 hours of recirculation to avoid significant confounding hypothermia. These results fail to support a direct involvement of A1 receptors or KATP channels during early stages in the development of ischemic tolerance in vivo, and emphasize the need for robust, well-controlled, and quantitative models in such studies.
Our foreign correspondence
Authors: Cook A.
Published: April 2004

Introduction to the May 1999 issue of
Notes and Records
.
April 1915: Five future Nobel Prize–winners inaugurate weapons of mass destruction and the academic–industrial–military complex
Authors: Kloot W. van Der
Published: April 2004

Poison gas warfare was initiated in the Great War by a German military unit that included five future Nobel laureates: James Franck, Fritz Haber, Otto Hahn, Gustav Hertz and Walther Nernst. It was Haber's idea to use poison gas. To implement gas warfare he devised an organization that meshed the academy into the military–industrial complex. Later three other Nobel laureates, Emil Fischer, Heinrich Wieland and Richard Willstätter, contributed to the enterprise. Huge quantities of poisons were used by both sides during the war, because they were well adapted to static trench warfare, even though—which is a surprise to many—they were substantially less deadly than explosives.
Distribution of human papillomavirus type 16 variants in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive and -negative women
Authors: Chaturvedi Anil K. , Brinkman Joeli A. , Gaffga Ann M. , Dumestre Jeanne , Clark Rebecca A. , Braly Patricia S. , Dunlap Kathleen , Kissinger Patricia J. , Hagensee Michael E.
Published: April 2004

The prevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 variant lineages was characterized in a cross-sectional study of 24 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV)-positive and 33 HIV-negative women in New Orleans. The European prototype was the predominant variant in the HIV-negative women (39·4 %), while in the HIV-positive women the European 350G variant was predominant (29·1 %). In exact logistic regression models, HIV-positive women were significantly more likely to harbour any variant with a nucleotide G-350 mutation compared with HIV-negative women [58·3 % vs 21·1 %; adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=6·28, 95 % confidence interval (CI)=1·19–46·54]. Models also revealed a trend towards increased prevalence of Asian–American lineage in HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women (25·0 % vs 6·0 %; AOR=6·35, 95 % CI=0·77–84·97). No association was observed between any variant and cytology or CD4 cell counts or HIV-1 viral loads. These observations reflect a difference in the distribution of HPV-16 variants among HIV-positive and -negative women, indicating that HIV-positive status may lead to increased prevalence of a subset of variants.
Cowpox virus CrmA, Myxoma virus SERP2 and baculovirus P35 are not functionally interchangeable caspase inhibitors in poxvirus infections
Authors: Nathaniel Rajkumar , MacNeill Amy L. , Wang Yun-Xiang , Turner Peter C. , Moyer Richard W.
Published: April 2004

Cowpox virus(CPV) expresses the serpin (serineproteinaseinhibitor) CrmA, an anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic protein required for production of red pocks on chicken chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs).In vitro, CrmA inhibits several caspases and granzyme B. Altering the critical P1-aspartate in the CrmA reactive centre loop to alanine resulted in a virus (CPV-CrmA-D303A) that resembled CPV deleted for CrmA (CPVΔCrmA : : lacZ); on CAMs it produced white, inflammatory pocks with activated caspase-3 and reduced virus yields, suggesting that CrmA activities are mediated via proteinase inhibition. CrmA in CPV was replaced with SERP2 fromMyxoma virus(MYX) or baculovirus P35, which inhibit similar proteinasesin vitro. SERP2 and P35 each blocked caspase-3-mediated apoptosis but were unable to control inflammation of CAMs. However, SERP2 and P35 restored virus yields, indicating that the decreased virus titres seen with CPVΔCrmA : : lacZ resulted from apoptosis rather than inflammation. To compare the activities of CrmA and SERP2 further, rabbits were infected with MYX recombinant viruses. Intradermal infection of rabbits with MYX was uniformly lethal, generating raised primary lesions and many secondary lesions. In contrast, deletion of SERP2 from MYX (MYXΔSERP2 : : lacZ) caused little mortality and produced flat primary lesions with few secondary lesions. Replacement of SERP2 with CrmA (MYXΔSERP2 : : CrmA) resulted in partial complementation with flat primary lesions, many secondary lesions and death in 70 % of the rabbits. Therefore, CrmA and SERP2 were not functionally interchangeable during infection of CAMs or rabbits, implying that these serpins have activities that are not evident from biochemical studies with human caspases.
Automotive robotics
Authors: Ranky Paul G.
Published: April 2004

Automotive robotics R&D and application developments concentrate on methods, tools, and procedures, that enable industry leaders to reduce cost, whilst simultaneously increase quality and productivity. Furthermore, in particular in the USA, manufacturing and assembly system, plant security, safety and reliability, and real‐time performance evaluation and control became key too. The focus is appropriate, since downtime in automotive robotics can mount to typically US$5‐10K, and even to $20K loss per production minute. Introduces some key trends and methods, as well as some implementation examples, showing quality solutions.
Robotic colour measurement of metallic and pearlescent paint
Authors: Connolly Christine
Published: April 2004

This study describes a robot‐mounted colour‐measuring instrument specifically designed for online colour measurement in the automobile industry. The product is called CarFlash, and it measures the colour of pearlescent and metallic paints plus orange‐peel effect on the curved surfaces of a car.
Sensor drives robot in new automotive press shop
Authors: Mortimer John
Published: April 2004

This paper reports on a new press shop, which has been opened in the West Midlands, UK using two KUKA robots and a vision‐based sensor system to handle both aluminium and steel pressings.
Robots unchallenged as the auto industry's workhorse
Authors: Mortimer John
Published: April 2004

The automotive industry has been the principal driver in the development of robotics; however, as car design becomes more sophisticated, demands on robot makers will continue undiminished.
Not quite the end of the world as we knew it – reflections on change
Authors: Bradford Jean
Published: April 2004

This article reflects on recent changes in the document supply (DS) environment of the UK and their impact on the DS service of the University of Bristol. Policies for loans, difficult material, forthcoming changes in copyright legislation, consortia and cross‐sectoral co‐operation are discussed. The article also argues that the skills required by DS librarians enable them to build successful careers. It highlights the need for better communication and better mechanisms for debating changes.
A self‐organizing network for the systems community
Authors: Pérez Ríos José
Published: April 2004

The number of approaches, researchers and practitioners in Systems Thinking has been growing over the last decades and particularly in recent years. This wide and deep evolution within the systems community that is a sign of vitality has also increased the communication difficulties among its components. If the systems community wants to overcome these difficulties and help cross fertilisation, adequate structures are needed to facilitate the communication processes. In this work, we present a communication and exchange of information system specifically designed for this aim. It tries to use the possibilities offered by Internet to create a systems thinkers/practitioners virtual community with the capacity to facilitate the creation of as many new partial communities as the members of the systems community wish. The design of the network system is based on Beer's viable system model and his recursive conception of viable systems.
Fighting for science
Authors: de Zeeuw Gerard
Published: April 2004

What deliverables did Stafford Beer envision when he developed his “science of effective organisation”? This paper answers this question as: the organisations that use the distinctions of Beer's viable system model. Such organisations are part of daily life, but develop to become knowledge by continuously striving to identify experiences that falsify their existence. They will be irreducible in the sense that any acceptable model of the organisation will be the organisation itself. The notion of knowledge involved is made explicit in the paper as a tribute to Stafford Beer's pioneering work. It allowed Stafford Beer to introduce and develop insights that began to be developed by others only much later.
Human resources for information management operations in Kuwaiti corporate companies
Authors: ur Rehman Sajjad , Marouf Laila
Published: April 2004

Investigates organizational arrangements and employment policies and practices of 31 Kuwaiti corporate companies in five selected information management operations: information organization and indexing, resource development, searching, information packaging, and competitive intelligence. Key human resource managers were interviewed for data collection. Investigates what organizational placement has been practised in these companies and who are the information professionals in terms of their education, professional background, and other significant affiliations. Specifically addresses issues related to employer perceptions about the preparedness of these professionals and the problems they faced in their employment. Finds that information and indexing activities were primarily relegated to secretarial staff. Information resource development was fragmented across different divisions of companies. Novices were conducting searches without any specialized training. Employers faced problems in identifying where to get professionals who had expertise in information packaging and presentation. A large number of them used local Kuwaitis for collecting competitor intelligence, as they had the edge of cultural familiarity.
Rapid response car as a supplement to the helicopter in a physician‐based HEMS system
Authors: Nakstad A. R. , Sørebø H. , Heimdal H. J. , Strand T. , Sandberg M.
Published: April 2004

Background:  The purpose of this study was to describe the use of a rapid response car (RRC) as a supplement to the ambulance helicopter in a mixed urban/rural region in Norway.

Methods:  Data from all the requested missions were collected from standard flight records. Operational factors, patient characteristics, primary diagnosis, treatment and modes of transport were registered and analyzed retrospectively.

Results:  In 1999–2001, a total of 4777 requests were included in the study, resulting in the initiation of 3172 helicopter and 752 RRC missions. In the RRC missions, 224 patients received advanced medical treatment that would otherwise not have been provided. For 181 patients, the availability of the RRC was crucial for receiving the treatment of the helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS). The cost of equipping the base with the RRC increased the annual budget by less than one percent.

Conclusion:  The RRC was essential for solving missions in periods of non‐flying conditions. The RRC increased the availability of the advanced prehospital life support offered by the HEMS in this region. Taking the modest increase in cost into consideration, it seems reasonable that this HEMS, covering mixed urban and rural areas, is equipped with such a vehicle.