bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal analysis of multi-spectral instrument level and surface reflectance data sets for seasonal variation in land cover dynamics by using Google Earth Engine
Authors: Srivastava Anubhava
Published: December 2024

By rapid growth in programming tools, accessibility to end consumer computing power, and the availability of free satellite data, the data science and remote sensing fields have begun to converge in recent years. Before this major processing time is wasted in collection of data. Google Earth Engine easily overcomes above problem; it contains data from different satellites and has power of processing and computation also. Well known data provider satellites are present in the library of GEE and users can easily process and track real time data from these satellites over GEE. “Sentinel”, a mission of the European Space Agency and “Landsat”, an American Earth observation satellite have been used in a variety of remote sensing applications. GEE makes these data sets available to the general public. These datasets are utilised for computing and analysis purposes. The objective of this study is to find change in study area by using above discussed two satellite data, over each season of year on different category of classification (Random Forest, CART, GTB and SVM). This work focuses on improving the classification accuracy of different classification algorithm by reviewing training samples and analyzing post-classification with image differencing in the algebraic technique. Because Landsat data have a medium spatial resolution, therefore point-wise computation was used. Lastly, we also detect which data sets are working better on an appropriate machine learning algorithm, so after final calculation we estimate accuracy of each algorithm by using confusion matrix and kappa.
VLTI/GRAVITY Observations of AF Lep b: Preference for Circular Orbits, Cloudy Atmospheres, and a Moderately Enhanced Metallicity
Authors: Balmer William O. , Franson Kyle , Chomez Antoine , Pueyo Laurent , Stolker Tomas , Lacour Sylvestre , Nowak Mathias , Nasedkin Evert , Bonse Markus J. , Thorngren Daniel , Palma-Bifani Paulina , Mollière Paul , Wang Jason J. , Zhang Zhoujian , Chavez Amanda , Kammerer Jens , Blunt Sarah , Bowler Brendan P. , Bonnefoy Mickael , Brandner Wolfgang , Charnay Benjamin , Chauvin Gael , Henning Th. , Lagrange A.-M. , Pourré Nicolas , Rickman Emily , De Rosa Robert , Vigan Arthur , Winterhalder Thomas
Published: December 2024

Direct imaging observations are biased toward wide-separation, massive companions that have degenerate formation histories. Although the majority of exoplanets are expected to form via core accretion, most directly imaged exoplanets have not been convincingly demonstrated to follow this formation pathway. We obtained new interferometric observations of the directly imaged giant planet AF Lep b with the VLTI/GRAVITY instrument. We present three epochs of ∼50 μas relative astrometry and the K-band spectrum of the planet for the first time at a resolution of R = 500. Using only these measurements, spanning less than 2 months, and the Hipparcos-Gaia Catalogue of Accelerations, we are able to significantly constrain the planet’s orbit; this bodes well for interferometric observations of planets discovered by Gaia DR4. Including all available measurements of the planet, we infer an effectively circular orbit (e < 0.02, 0.07, and 0.13 at 1σ, 2σ, and 3σ, respectively) in spin–orbit alignment with the host and measure a dynamical mass of M

p
= 3.75M
Jup ± 0.5M
Jup. Models of the spectrum of the planet show that it is metal-rich ([M/H] = 0.75 ± 0.25), with a C/O abundance encompassing the solar value. This ensemble of results shows that the planet is consistent with core accretion formation.
Protoplanetary Disks around Sun-like Stars Appear to Live Longer When the Metallicity is Low*
Authors: De Marchi Guido , Giardino Giovanna , Biazzo Katia , Panagia Nino , Sabbi Elena , Beck Tracy L. , Robberto Massimo , Zeidler Peter , Jones Olivia C. , Meixner Margaret , Fahrion Katja , Habel Nolan , Nally Conor , Hirschauer Alec S. , Soderblom David R. , Nayak Omnarayani , Lenkić Laura , Rogers Ciaran , Brandl Bernhard , Keyes Charles D.
Published: December 2024

Previous Hubble Space Telescope observations of the star-forming cluster NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) revealed a large population of pre-main-sequence (PMS) candidates, characterized by Hα excess emission in their photometry. However, without access to spectroscopy, the nature of these objects remained unclear. Using the NIRSpec instrument on board JWST, we studied a sample of these stars, with masses in the range of ∼0.9−1.8 M
⊙, effective temperatures (T
eff) in the range of 4500−8000 K, and PMS ages between ∼0.1 and 30 Myr. Here, we present the first spectra of solar-mass PMS stars in the metal-poor SMC (Z = 1/8 Z
⊙) and discuss the physical properties of 10 representative sources with good signal-to-noise ratio. The observations indicate that even the oldest of these PMS candidates are still accreting gas with typical rates of ∼10−8
M
⊙ yr−1 for stars older than ∼10 Myr, confirming their PMS nature. The spectra also reveal near-infrared excess and molecular hydrogen excitation lines consistent with the presence of disks around these stars. These findings suggest that in a low-metallicity environment, circumstellar disks can live longer than previously thought.
Kicking Time Back in Black Hole Mergers: Ancestral Masses, Spins, Birth Recoils, and Hierarchical-formation Viability of GW190521
Authors: Araújo-Álvarez Carlos , Wong Henry W. Y. , Liu Anna , Calderón Bustillo Juan
Published: December 2024

A pair-instability supernova (PISN) prevents black hole (BH) formation from stellar collapse within the approximate mass range M ∈ [65, 130] M
⊙. However, such BHs may form hierarchically through merging ancestral BHs, whose properties determine those of the “child” one: mass, spin, and recoil velocity. Crucially, the child will leave its host environment if its birth recoil exceeds the corresponding escape velocity, preventing further mergers. We exploit relations between the final recoil and spin of quasi-circular BH mergers to obtain posterior probability distributions for the hypothetical ancestral masses, spins, and birth recoils of the component BHs of GW190521. To this, we present a Bayesian framework applicable to existing estimates for the components of BH merger observations. We consider both the quasi-circular (generically spinning) analysis performed by the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA collaboration and the eccentric (aligned-spin) one performed by Romero-Shaw et al. We evaluate the probability p
2g
that the GW190521 components inferred by these analyses formed from the merger of stellar-origin BHs and were retained by their environment. For the primary component, which populates the PISN gap, such scenario is strongly suppressed if GW190521 happened in a globular cluster with p
2g
∼ 10−3 unless it was quasi circular and its ancestors had aligned spins, uncharacteristic of hierarchical formation channels, or small spins, which yields p
2g
≃ 10−2. If GW190521 was eccentric, we obtain p
2g
≃ 0.1 for any host other than an active galactic nucleus, and zero for a globular cluster. If GW190521 was quasi circular, a nuclear star cluster origin is possible with p
2g
∈ (∼0.4, ∼0.8).
Suppression of Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection in the High Ion β, Strong Guide Field Limit
Authors: Giai Carlos A. , Haggerty Colby C. , Shay Michael A. , Cassak Paul A. , Davis Zachary K.
Published: December 2024

In magnetic reconnection, the ion bulk outflow speed and ion heating have been shown to be set by the available reconnecting magnetic energy, i.e., the energy stored in the reconnecting magnetic field (B

r
). However, recent simulations, observations, and theoretical works have shown that the released magnetic energy is inhibited by upstream ion plasma beta β

i
—the relative ion thermal pressure normalized to magnetic pressure based on the reconnecting field—for antiparallel magnetic field configurations. Using kinetic theory and hybrid particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate the effects of β

i
on guide field reconnection. While previous works have suggested that guide field reconnection is uninfluenced by β

i
, we demonstrate that the reconnection process is modified and the outflow is reduced for sufficiently large

β

i

>
(

B

r

2

+

B

g

2

)

/

B

r

2

. We develop a theoretical framework that shows that this reduction is consistent with an enhanced exhaust pressure gradient, which reduces the outflow speed as

v

out

∝
1

/

β

i

. These results apply to systems in which guide field reconnection is embedded in hot plasmas, such as reconnection at the boundary of eddies in fully developed turbulence like the solar wind or the magnetosheath as well as downstream of shocks such as the heliosheath or the mergers of galaxy clusters.
AstroSat View of the Neutron Star Low-mass X-Ray Binary GX 5-1
Authors: Shyam Prakash V. P. , Agrawal Vivek K.
Published: December 2024

We present the spectral and timing study of the bright neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GX 5-1 using AstroSat/Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) and Soft X-ray Telescope observations conducted in 2018. During the observation, the source traces out the complete horizontal branch (HB) and normal branch (NB) of the Z-track in the hardness–intensity diagram (HID). Understanding the spectral and temporal evolution of the source along the Z-track can probe the accretion process in the vicinity of a neutron star. Spectral analysis was performed in the 0.7–20 keV energy range for different segments in the HID using a multitemperature disk blackbody with an average temperature, kT
in ∼ 0.47, and a thermal Comptonization model. It is found that the optical depth of the corona drops from ∼7.07 in HB to ∼2.61 in NB. The timing analysis using the LAXPC instrument indicates the presence of quasiperiodic oscillations in HB and NB of the Z-track. The observed QPO frequencies are similar to the characteristic frequencies of horizontal branch oscillations (HBOs) and normal branch oscillations (NBOs). The HBO frequency increases from ∼12 to 40 Hz toward the hard apex. NBOs are observed at ∼5 Hz. The timing studies conducted in soft and hard bands indicate the association of HBO and NBO origin with the nonthermal component. Further research could explore the implications of this relationship for understanding the dynamics of accretion onto neutron stars.
A methodological framework for addressing environmental problems on aged transport infrastructure
Authors: Dostál Ivo , Anděl Petr , Jedlička Jiří , Havlíček Marek
Published: December 2024

While the environmental impacts of new road and motorway construction are examined in detail as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, far less attention is generally paid to existing structures, some of which have been in operation for decades with no environmental assessment ever carried out. In this paper, a framework for an audit of the assessment of environmental burdens from older transport infrastructure is presented. Its main objective is to set up a systematic and comprehensive approach to the preventive identification of problematic locations on the existing road network to prepare proposals for practical and feasible upgrading or optimization measures that can be addressed within the routine repairs and small reconstructions. It primarily deals with the setup of the whole process, starting with the preparation of the background for the assessment, the field survey procedure, the design of possible measures and their subsequent monitoring. The audit concept identified a total of 14 key problem domains representing individual environmental problems, for which methodological sheets were prepared. However, this is not a rigid number; the whole framework is conceived as an open system allowing for the addition of new topics or possible methodological adaptations to the practices common in other countries or in transport sectors other than roads. The audit is currently considered as a voluntary tool applicable on the state owned transport network, thus the practical usage is in the hands of the state administration and infrastructure operators.
Tellurium/GaAs heterojunctions fabricated by thermal evaporation in vacuum
Authors: Pačebutas Vaidas , Norkus Ričardas , Geižutis Andrejus , Strazdienė Viktorija , Krotkus Arūnas
Published: December 2024

Heterostructures containing thin tellurium layers thermally evaporated on differently doped GaAs substrates were systematically investigated by using THz pulse excitation spectroscopy. The observed differences of the THz excitation spectra were explained by the details of the energy band lineups in the heterostructures. Comparison of the simulation results of the heterojunction between tellurium and semi-insulating GaAs with the measured THz pulse emission spectrum allowed one to estimate the electron affinity in the tellurium layer. In addition, a near-infrared photodetector based on the Te heterojunction with n-type GaAs was demonstrated.
Dependence of terahertz photoconductive switch performance on metal contact geometry
Authors: Nevinskas Ignas , Kamarauskas Mindaugas , Geižutis Andrejus , Kovalevskij Vitalij , Bičiūnas Andrius , Urbanowicz Andrzej , Norkus Ričardas , Ikamas Kęstutis
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the emission and spectral characteristics of photoconductive THz switches employing coplanar stripline contact geometries fabricated on a GaAs substrate. The experimental results reveal how the power outputs as well as the spectral shape are significantly influenced by the strip width dimension. Utilizing the Drude–Lorentz conductivity model, photocarrier dynamics were analyzed through an RLC circuit framework, offering insights into how the contact design influences the spectral response. Our findings suggest that matching the photocurrent impedance to that of the metallic contacts is critical to improving the eﬀiciency of these devices.
Géographie de la langue basque dans la Communauté autonome d’Euskadi
Authors: Urteaga Eguzki
Published: December 2024

Cet article se penche sur la géographie de la langue basque dans la Communauté Autonome d’Euskadi située dans la péninsule ibérique. À partir des données mises à disposition par les différents recensements, nous défendons la thèse selon laquelle la connaissance, la transmission et la pratique de la langue basque dans cette communauté autonome varient selon la province, la zone sociolinguistique et la commune tout en évoluant au fil du temps consécutivement au développement de l’enseignement du basque aussi bien pour les enfants que pour les adultes, à la mobilité croissante de la population pour des motifs résidentiels et professionnels et à la diversité grandissante des habitants de ce territoire, entre autres, quant à leur origine géographique.
Barigadu e i nomi deittici dei giorni
Authors: Ruggiu Sarah
Published: December 2024

Il presente contributo si focalizza sull’analisi, lessicale e cognitiva, dei nomi deittici dei giorni fornendo, prima di tutto, una panoramica del contesto linguistico italiano e italoromanzo per poi incentrarsi sulla lingua sarda e su una terminologia specifica esclusiva di quest’area: barigadu. L’avverbio oggetto di questo studio, come vedremo non equamente presente in tutto il contesto sordofono, consentirà lo sviluppo di svariate riflessioni relative al già comprovato intreccio della dimensione spazio-temporale presente nelle lingue con l’attestazione di interessanti fenomeni sociolinguistici localizzati che vedono la progressiva perdita e sostituzione del lemma. Lo studio è corredato da una carta inedita che mostra la distribuzione del termine e del suo uso semantico.This contribution focuses on the lexical and cognitivist analysis of deictic names of the days providing, first of all, an overview of the Italian and Italo-Romance linguistic context and then focusing on the Sardinian language and on a specific terminology exclusive to this area: barigadu. The adverb, the subject of this study, will allow the development of a variety of reflections related to the already proven intertwining of the spatiotemporal dimension present in languages with the attestation of interesting localized sociolinguistic phenomena that see the progressive loss and replacement of the term. The study is accompanied by an unpublished map showing the distribution of the term and its semantic use.
Lombardo alpino ˹bréncul, brén(s)ciol, brìnsc(en), brìnscet˺ ‘ginepro’: una geolinguistica d’altri tempi
Authors: Borghi Guido , Dell’Aquila Vittorio
Published: December 2024

Il tipo lessicale lombardo alpino ˹bréncul, brén(s)ciol, brìnsc(en), brìnscet˺ &c. ‘ginepro’ (fra Canton Ticino e Ossola) mostra una considerevole variazione diatopica, costituita da 57 geovarianti locali oltre a 30 confronti romanzi alpini e otto slavi. La ricostruzione basata sulla sola regolarità delle Leggi Fonetiche porta, attraverso l’unico sostrato locale indipendentemente fondato (il celtico), a ridurre tale panorama a 36 antecedenti, tutti — con una sola eccezione (e due casi adiafori) — analizzabili come formazioni (derivate o composte) su una medesima radice, √*bʱrĕn‑ ‘sporgere, angolo, spigolo, punta’ (incluse le due forme ampliate √*bʱrĕn‑k‑ e √*bʱrĕn‑g‑). Per contro, una ventina di paromofoni semanticamente in vario grado vicini richiedono di essere ricondotti ad altre quattordici radici, ciò che si configura come un residuo tuttora attingibile della variegata Wortschöpfung preistorica fra la fase indoeuropea regionale e il sostrato leponzio‑gallico immediatamente preromano, secondo quanto risulta dall’applicazione degli stessi protocolli d’uso abituale nel caso delle altre classi e lingue indoeuropee.
Las metáforas del Perú en los diagnósticos de tres intelectuales peruanos del siglo XX
Authors: Martín-Sánchez Juan
Published: December 2024

Este artículo analiza un conjunto de enunciados que han servido para diagnosticar y proyectar el Perú entre 1930 y 1990, en los que la referencia a la hetero- geneidad fue un elemento clave. Estos enunciados implican una manera de comprender y actuar el Perú, en dos aspectos del mismo proceso social: el primero, el enmarque socio-cognitivo de una realidad compleja y disputada, como es un país, mediante los rasgos de otras realidades más sencillas y aceptables, como puede ser un cuerpo o un sendero; el segundo aspecto es la triada comunicativa que forman la imagen narrativa o concepto metafórico del país, los intelectuales y las audiencias. Como parte y muestra del desarrollo de esa triada, las metáforas representan y transforman algo del mundo en que son reconocidas, gracias a su capacidad performativa para recrear el poder social de quienes están en la metáfora, de los intelectuales que la desarrollan y de las audiencias que les dan crédito. Metodológicamente, el artículo trabaja desde la socio historia política del Perú, el estudio semiológico de los textos y los recursos visuales y la sociología política de los intelectuales y la comunicación. Las fuentes han sido los textos ejemplares que sustentan esas metáforas, las trayectorias y actuaciones de los intelectuales que los desarrollaron, y las audiencias que dieron valor a esas metáforas.
De hacendados a hoteleros. Estado, reorientación de capitales y turismo en Perú (1970-1980)
Authors: Armas Fernando
Published: December 2024

El estudio analiza, en el contexto de los programas de industrialización y diversificación productiva en América Latina y Perú de la década de 1970, la política de fomento del Estado peruano al turismo, en particular la implementación de un fondo para la conversión de la deuda agraria - producto de la reforma agraria que se realizaba - en proyectos de inversión hotelera. A través del estudio de las memorias del banco local de fomento industrial y de otros materiales, se muestran los resultados de esta política y se revisa su impacto sobre el sector turístico. El trabajo pretende contribuir a un mejor entendimiento sobre las políticas planificadas de reorientación de capitales y el surgimiento de grupos empresariales hoteleros.
Geisel, Banzer e as transferências de armas brasileiras para a Bolívia, 1974-1979: uma contribuição ao estudo da Guerra Fria Latino-Americana
Authors: Avila Carlos Federico Domínguez
Published: December 2024

O artigo examina as transferências de armas de fabricação brasileira para a Bolívia durante os governos de Ernesto Geisel e Hugo Banzer Suárez, especialmente entre 1974 e 1979. O texto é resultado de pesquisa com documentos consultados no Arquivo Nacional, em Brasília. Sob a perspectiva brasileira, o estudo de caso confirma a existência de uma vinculação entre indústria de defesa, exportação de armas e política externa. Todavia, a concessão de uma linha de crédito especial destinada ao financiamento das exportações de armamento acabou alavancando as referidas transferências. Em termos teórico-metodológicos e empíricos, o presente estudo de caso dialoga com o enfoque denominado de Guerra Fria Latino-Americana.
Role of AI in Transforming Society
Authors: Ashraf Zahid Ali , Mustafa Nadeem
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in re-shaping modern society across various sectors. It begins by tracing the historical development of AI, from its early conceptualization to its current advanced appli-cations, providing a foundation for understanding its societal impact. The chapter then examines AI's practical applications in key areas such as healthcare, education, governance, and the economy, highlighting real-world examples of how AI is driving innovation, efficiency, and decision-making improvements. The dis-cussion extends to the ethical challenges posed by AI, including concerns about data privacy, algorithmic bias, transparency, and accountability. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the societal implications of AI on employment and workforce dynamics, focusing on job displacement and the need for reskilling initiatives. Finally, it looks ahead to emerging trends in AI regulation and governance, empha-sizing the importance of responsible development and international cooperation to ensure that AI benefits society as a whole.
Crossing the Interaction Between Spiritual Human Rights, Deep Human Rights, and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ahmed Asif
Published: December 2024

In the complicated dimensions of human existence, the quest of healing, happiness & well-being has been vital, entangled with Consciousness & Spiritual Ecosystem. At the mind interfaces with spirit, the influence of morals, values, and ethics, influencing human thoughts, emotional health & actions are remarkable. As humanity paces into Artificial Intelligence (AI) age, humans confront both openings and challenges. The interface between AI, meta-technologies & human mind nurtures questions about the protection of our moral scope and the collective effect on emotional and spiritual health. Strategies must be planned to alleviate the load of AI on morals, values, and human rights, safeguarding alignment with our central principles. By nurturing a synergistic relationship between human and artificial intelligence, we can bind its potential while protection spirit as conscious beings.
AI Literacy
Authors: Asrifan Andi , Said Uswah Mujahidah Rasuna , Jakob Juvrianto Chrissunday , Wanci Risman
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the pivotal role of AI literacy in equipping individuals and communities to navigate an AI-driven world with confidence, ethical awareness, and informed decision-making. AI literacy encompasses a comprehensive understanding of AI principles, including machine learning, data management, and algorithmic ethics, empowering users to engage judiciously with AI technologies across sectors such as healthcare, finance, and education. By fostering critical thinking and reducing biases, AI literacy safeguards privacy, ensures ethical technology use, and promotes equitable access to AI-driven opportunities. The democratization of AI literacy is highlighted as a catalyst for empowering marginalized communities and enabling equal participation in AI-related dialogues and initiatives. As AI continues to reshape employment landscapes and educational paradigms, the chapter underscores the importance of AI literacy in preparing a workforce ready to adapt to evolving technological demands.
AI in Vocational Education and Training
Authors: Thakur Gour Sundar Mitra , Banerjee Abhijit , Sarkar Paramita
Published: December 2024

Vocational Education and Training (VET) equips individuals with practical skills and knowledge tailored to specific careers or trades, providing a direct pathway to employment and sustainable livelihoods. Unlike traditional academic education, which often emphasizes broader theoretical content, VET is inherently hands-on and career-focused. In today's digital economy, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies into VET revolutionizes skill development and delivery, bridging the digital divide and enhancing accessibility. This chapter explores the transformative role of AI in VET, examining a range of AI-driven tools and methodologies currently in use. Key innovations discussed include learning analytics, virtual and augmented reality, adaptive learning systems, and AI-powered educational platforms, all of which contribute to creating more personalized, immersive, and effective learning experiences.
Artificial Intelligence Shaping the Future of Vocational Education and Training
Authors: Sa Liow Melissa Li
Published: December 2024

This chapter analyzes the artificial intelligence (AI)'s role in vocational education and training (VET). First, the chapter reviews existing literature on AI's role and effects in VET, synthesizing findings to offer a comprehensive overview. Second, gathering insights from experts, lecturers, and commercial apprentices. This approach provides practical perspectives on AI's use in VET settings and its impact on educational practices and industry needs. A research framework is developed that identifies key areas for development and proposes research questions for future exploration. The final section provides practical recommendations to mitigate the negative impacts of AI in VET, including strategies for bridging user gaps, overcoming AI's limitations, and ensuring AI tools contribute positively to VET goals.
Hardness Degradation Behaviors of Ni-Base Superalloys after Phase Coarsening
Authors: Zhang Shun Yong , Chen Yan Dan , Shi Ya Hui , Li Ji Cheng , Huang Xi Cheng
Published: December 2024

Ni-based superalloys are commonly utilized in the production of hot-end components in the aerospace, energy, and other sectors. Due to the extreme environment, phase coarsening is prone to occur within the alloys, leading to degradation in the mechanical properties and thus posing a risk to equipment safety. To investigate the influences of volume fraction of precipitation particles and phase coarsening on hardness of materials, and explore the relationship between their microstructure and macroscopic hardness, based on the finite element method simulations, a two-dimensional Vickers hardness model is constructed for testing. Results show that hardness is closely linked to the particle shape, size, and distribution features; with the increase of the volume fraction of particles or the degree of phase coarsening, the hardness of alloys gradually weakens; and when the volume fraction of particles is larger, the decrease in the hardness is more obvious along with the degree of phase coarsening. Related research makes a good reference for the design of Ni-base superalloy structures as well as the evaluation or prediction of their mechanical properties during the service.
Effects of Processing Parameters on the Properties of Water Hyacinth Film Fabricated via Thermal Compression Method
Authors: Le Dinh Hung , Phung Minh Khanh Hao , Nguyen Thanh Trung , Nguyen Vu Viet Linh
Published: December 2024

Water hyacinth (WH), a free-floating aquatic plant with rapid growth characteristics, often forms thick layers on the water surface, causing issues such as destroying the ecosystem, affecting aquaculture, and hindering agricultural activities. Using WH to produce valuable products can contribute to economic development and overcome these problems. This study used the thermal compression technique to fabricate the cellulose film from alkali-treated WH without using synthetic polymers. The effects of the processing time and temperature of the thermal compression method on the tensile properties, moisture content, and water absorption were investigated. A scanning electron microscope characterized the surface morphology of WH fibers. The results showed that the WH film possessed some specific properties, including a tensile strength of 1.869 MPa, an elongation of 1.25 %, a moisture content of 3.05 %, water absorption of 62.99 %, and water contact angle of 70.1o. In future perspective, WH film can be used to manufacture biodegradable products for commercial applications, such as coasters and plates, thanks to availability, sustainability, plentiful and inexpensive raw materials.
Short-term outcomes of mini-sling versus transobturator tape in the surgical management of women with stress urinary incontinence. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Emam Ahmed , Teama Khaled , Salem Tarek
Published: December 2024

The objective of this prospective randomized study was to assess the efficacy and safety of mini-sling in the management of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) as compared to transobturator tape (TOT). A total of 42 female patients with SUI were included in this study. Patients were randomized into two equal groups, underwent either the TOT or the mini-sling procedure, and were followed up for 6 months. Compared to the TOT group, the mini-sling group had a statistically significant shorter operative time, less estimated blood loss, and a lower postoperative pain score. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups as regards postoperative fever, hospital stay, or vaginal erosion. The International Continence Index questionnaire showed a statistically significant improvement within each group after surgery, with the TOT group showing a statistically significant marginal improvement compared to the mini-sling group. Urodynamic testing showed no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the first sensation of bladder filling, functional bladder capacity, maximal bladder capacity, postvoiding residual urine, and maximal flow rate. Both mini-slings and TOT were found to be safe and effective in treating female SUI with no clinically significant difference between both procedures.
A Prospective Observational Study to Determine Perinatal Outcome of Second Twin According to Mode of Delivery in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Patel Hetal , Seth Shelley , Roy Poulomi , Ghosh Chiranjit , Dasgupta Shyamal , Das Pallabi , Choudhuri Shrabana , Kumari Jyoti , Saha Debopriya , Alam Md Mehebub
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The mode of delivery in twin pregnancy is a challenging decision for an obstetrician as the outcome of the 2nd twin is significantly affected by that.

Materials and Methods:

The prospective comparative observational study was conducted for the time span of March 2021–August 2022 in a tertiary care hospital in East India. Forty-four pregnant women with twin pregnancy with gestation age >32 weeks who underwent vaginal delivery (VD) were compared with 44 pregnant with twin pregnancy who underwent cesarean section (CS). Maternal socioeconomic and obstetric parameters were noted, and the perinatal outcome of the 2nd twin was observed and compared between both elective CS and VD groups.

Results:

Perinatal outcome of 2nd twin through CS showed significantly better Apgar score at 1 min and at 5 min. Umbilical artery pH > 7.2 was found more in the CS group than in the VD group. Intertwin delivery interval of ≥10 min was found to be significantly associated with low Apgar score.

Conclusion:

The strict vigilance during follow-up of the patient in the antenatal period and proper assessment of maternal and fetal state during VD might improve the outcome of the 2nd twin to prevent unnecessary CS and its complications following it.
Copy number variations: reliable diagnostic markers for Prader-Willi patients
Authors: Shehab Marwa I.K. , Amr Khalda S. , Afifi Hanan H. , Khedr Azzah A. , Abd-Elnaby Azza E. , El-Bassyouni Hala T.
Published: December 2024

Background

Syndromic obesity is characterized by a specific set of associated clinical features, but the similarity between different obesity syndromes can make it hard to diagnose accurately. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is the most common type of syndromic obesity. A variety of molecular and cytogenetic techniques may be needed for the diagnosis of obesity. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) helps by allowing the study of multiple specific genetic regions at once. This makes it an effective screening tool for large groups of patients who may have deletions or duplications in specific genes.

Objective

We aim to establish a precise diagnostic scheme for early diagnosis that yields proper early intervention to prevent the development of morbid obesity and intellectual disability, which render a great burden on both health services and the families of the patients.

Materials and methods

Combined cytogenetic fluorescence in-situ hybridization and methylation studies using MLPA was conducted on 20 patients who were clinically suspected to have PWS.

Results and conclusion

We analyzed 20 suspected PWS cases descending from 18 unrelated families and 20 healthy controls matching age and sex, using MS-MLPA PWS/AS probemix (MRC-Holland) enables the identification of copy number variations or abnormal methylation patterns.

One patient (P18) had PW deletion, which was evident by the reduced copy number ratio, and uniparental disomy was evident in two unrelated patients (P2 and P12).

The results indicate that our study identified one typical PWS deletion and two uniparental disomy cases among three patients from distinct families, suggesting that atypical deletions are infrequent in this cohort. This research represents the first exploration of PWS in Egyptian patients using MLPA.
Willingness for Active Case Finding of Tuberculosis among Community Pharmacists in Puducherry
Authors: Govindan Dhanajayan , Chinnakali Palanivel , Sarkar Sonali , Soundappan Govindarajan
Published: December 2024

Background:

In India, there is significant attrition in the cascade of care for tuberculosis (TB) in the public health sector. Pharmacy being the first point of contact for the majority holds considerable potential in reducing this attrition.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to determine the willingness of pharmacists to screen and refer presumptive TB patients and understand challenges and enabling factors for the same.

Materials and Methods:

A sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted among pharmacies of Puducherry. Willingness to refer presumptive TB patients and collect sputum samples was summarized as proportions with 95% confidence interval. Log binomial regression was done to study the association of pharmacists’ characteristics with willingness to refer. In-depth interviews with pharmacists were transcribed; manual content analysis with hybrid coding was done.

Results:

Among the 202 pharmacists interviewed, 99.0% were willing to refer, 37.1% were willing to collect sputum samples, and 42.6% had ever referred a patient in the past. Patients’ lack of awareness, busy hours, and overuse of over-the-counter drugs hindered referral, while availability of quality diagnostic and treatment services, relationship with clients, and pharmacist’s knowledge facilitated referral.

Conclusion:

Willingness to refer patients for TB diagnosis was high among pharmacists. The national program should consider the engagement of pharmacists for improving screening and referral.
Anthropometric Indices as a Predictive Screening Tool for Hypertension among Young Indian Adults
Authors: Aruna R. , Santhanakrishnan Niveatha , Raj Jeneth Berlin
Published: December 2024

Background:

High blood pressure (BP) is increasing at an alarming rate in India and is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Increasing obesity is one of the risk factors for the increasing trend in hypertension among young adults.

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the comparative abilities of anthropometric indices of general and central obesity in predicting hypertension among apparently healthy young adults.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 493 healthy young adults aged 18 and 25 years. Height, weight, waist, and hip circumference were measured, and anthropometric indices were calculated. BP was measured using an automated BP monitor. Statistical methods such as independent t-test, linear regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were employed.

Results:

The prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension in males was 15.2% and 17.9%, whereas in females, it was 13% and 14.3%. All anthropometric indices positively correlated with systolic BP and diastolic BP, with the highest being waist circumference (WC). The area under ROC curves (AUC) of the anthropometric indices for predicting hypertension showed that WC had the largest AUCs for systolic and diastolic hypertension, respectively. In males and females, WC had the highest sensitivities of 85.4% and 90.3% for systolic and 84.3% and 88.6% for diastolic hypertension.

Conclusion:

Anthropometric indices of central adiposity were more significant predictors of hypertension.
Epidemiological Data of Postcricoid Cancers from a Tertiary Cancer Hospital: First Report from Northern Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Pilaka Venkata Krishna Reddy , Deepak K. G. K. , Chowdary Sushmitha , Patro Kanhu Charan , Bhattacharya Partha Sarathi , Voonna Murali Krishna
Published: December 2024

Postcricoid (PC) cancer is a global rarity, however, the burden of disease in India is little known. The data of PC cancers from Northern Andhra Pradesh (AP) are scarce due to poor reporting. This is an epidemiological study of PC cancer from a tertiary cancer hospital in Northern AP. ArcGIS software is used for mapping the cases across three districts of Northern AP. The incidence of PC cancers reported at Mahatma Gandhi Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Visakhapatnam (VSKP), was 3.5, 2.7, and 3.3 cases per one lakh population in the districts of VSKP, Srikakulam (SKLM), and Vizianagaram, respectively. The highest incidence (cases per one lakh population) of 11.2 was found to be in Anakapalli mandal of VSKP district followed by SKLM, Sabbavaram, Yelamanchili, and Vizianagaram mandals with 10, 8.9, 8.5, and 8 cases, respectively. This is the first reported epidemiological study of PC cancer from Northern AP.
Isolation and Characterization of Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Kitchen Sponges: An Under-recognized Public Health Problem
Authors: Moses Ikechukwu Benjamin , Mbam Clinton Okwudili , Odi Cynthia Ogochukwu , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Khairullah Aswin Rafif , Witaningrum Adiana Mutamsari , Oke Boniface , Ezea Moses Chukwuemeka , Rehman Saifur
Published: December 2024

Background:

The domestic kitchen is increasingly being recognized as one of the most important areas with regards to the incidences of foodborne diseases. Kitchen sponges may play a role in foodborne illnesses through cross-contamination as they provide a suitable environment for bacterial pathogen growth and transmission.

Objectives:

This study was designed to isolate, characterize, and determine the antibiogram of Enterobacteriaceae contaminating household kitchen sponges in Abakaliki metropolis, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 50 household kitchen sponges were randomly collected from 50 different households in Abakaliki metropolis. The samples were analyzed with standard microbiological techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by the disc diffusion method.

Results:

In total, 28 (56%) out of the 50 kitchen sponges were positive for Salmonella spp. (10), Klebsiella spp. (7), and Escherichia coli (11). In general, isolates were multidrug-resistant with high resistance frequencies (43.7%–100%) to carbapenems, aztreonam, tetracycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalosporins, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. There was no statistically significant difference in the antimicrobial resistance frequencies between the Enterobacteriaceae isolates (P = 0.982). The multiple antibiotics resistance index values of isolates ranged from 0.4 to 0.8.

Conclusion:

This study has shown that household kitchen sponges are highly contaminated by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., and E. coli. The contamination of household kitchen sponges by these multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens is a serious public health problem that requires urgent attention. It is therefore of utmost importance to properly wash and disinfect household kitchen sponges after their use, in order to prevent the spread of difficult-to-treat microbial infections.
Influence of COVID-19 Vaccination Covaxin on Menstrual Cycle among Adolescent Healthy Schoolgirls in South India
Authors: Kumar Krithika , Dorairajan Gowri , Chinnakali Palanivel , Durai Vignesh
Published: December 2024

This study was undertaken to assess the change in menstrual cycle interval, duration, amount of flow, and new onset of pain after the first and second dose of Covaxin vaccination among adolescent schoolgirls aged 15–18. Informed assent and parental consent were taken. Two hundred and thirty-three participants were approached and the response rate was 57.5%. One hundred and thirty-four respondents who participated had received at least one dose, and 116 among them had received both doses of Covaxin. About 17% of the girls had a body mass index above 25 kg/m2. We did not find any clinical or statistically significant difference in the interval or flow duration. About 19% reported new-onset mild pain during the menstrual cycle bleeding phase.
Evaluating Pharmaceutical Care Services in Promoting Public Health Outcomes within the Community
Authors: Nazaryan Lusine , Barseghyan Anush , Simonyan Marta
Published: December 2024

In developing countries, consumer awareness about self-medication risks is low. Pharmacists, acting as primary health-care providers, are pivotal in offering pharmaceutical care in these communities. The primary objective of this research was to assess pharmaceutical care provided by pharmacy employees and analyze consumer satisfaction. The survey, conducted from 2021 to 2022 through an anonymous questionnaire, involved 1308 respondents. The study revealed a significant preference for self-medication (56.7%) without seeking professional guidance, attributed to inadequate advice from pharmacy staff, leading to reduced confidence in their recommendations. Improving the professional behavior of the Armenian pharmacy employees through investment in training and guidelines is crucial for their integration into primary health care.
Effect of Graphene Reinforcement on the Color Stability of Polymethyl Methacrylate Provisional Restorative Material – An in vitro Study
Authors: Banode Vaishnavi , Deshpande Saee , Pande Neelam
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The main concern in the cases of long-term provisionalization in the anterior region of the mouth is staining and discoloration of restorative material that keeps the patients returning to the dentist repeatedly, increasing the number of visits and costs. Recently, graphene-reinforced acrylic resin has been recommended for provisionalization. However, data on its color stability are lacking.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 72 samples, 24 samples from each restorative material (n = 8), each measuring 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, were fabricated from the provisional materials and were divided into three subgroups each into artificial saliva, tea solution, and sambhar solution. Spectrophotometric analyses were performed for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Data were analyzed to compare the correlation of the groups using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test (P < 0.005).

Results:

The maximum mean ΔE values were seen for sambhar solution followed by tea. The mean (± SD) for self-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) provisional resin was 9.06 (±0.65) for sambhar solution and 6.20 (±0.62) for tea, followed by graphene-reinforced PMMA provisional resin 6.72 (±0.42) for sambhar solution and 4.82 (±0.48) for tea. Heat-polymerized PMMA provisional resin exhibited the lowest ΔE values of 5.71 (±0.45) for sambhar solution and 3.92 (±0.24) for tea after 60-day immersion period in the two staining solutions.

Conclusion:

Heat-polymerized PMMA provisional resin was the most color stable whereas self-polymerized PMMA provisional resin is the least color-stable provisional restorative material. Among the staining solutions, sambhar solution showed higher staining ability.
Anterior chamber parameters after laser iridotomy in primary angle-closure spectrum
Authors: Chetana B. S. , Manjula Y. M.
Published: December 2024

Aim:

To evaluate anteriorchamber parameter after laser iridotomy in primary angle closure disease spectrum.

Objectives:

To study central anterior chamber depth morphology (CACD) anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA) in primary angle closure disease patients using rotating scheimpflug camera (pentacam) before and after laser PI.

Methods:

91 eyes of 50 patients having PACD changes in CACD, ACV, ACA were evaluated using rotating scheimpflug camera before and after laser peripheral iridotomy.

Results:

The parameters as measured by Pentacam were mean CACD increased from 1.99 ± 0.21 to 2.03 ± 0.23 mm after LPI among PACS group with P = 0.01. There was no statistically significant increase in CACD among PAC and PACG groups. The change in the ACA was not statistically significant among all three groups. However, the average ACV increased from 77.50 ± 18.46 to 94.22 ± 16.62 mm3 in PACS, 82.09 ± 25 to 100.27 ± 25.76 mm3 in PAC, and 87.13 ± 19.32 to 101.62 ± 18.84 mm3 in PACG groups, respectively.

Conclusion:

Changes in anterior chamber parameter pre and post laser can be quantified adequately using pentacam.
Gender variability in nose of Himachali ethnic population: Cephalometric analysis
Authors: Thakur Gaurav , Sharma Disha , Gurung Deepak , Thakur Amrita
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Lateral cephalometric radiographs have been used in studies of nasal growth and morphology. Therefore, the need of this study was to understand the gender differences and variability in nose of Himachali ethnic population.

Materials and Methods:

Sample included 100 Himachali adults (50 males, 50 females), aged 18–30 years. Twelve nasal parameters were measured on standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs. Values of all parameters thus obtained were statistically analyzed.

Results:

Gender differences were statistically significant for Nasal length (0.001**), Nasal depth 1 (0.004**), Nasal depth 2 (0.001**), Nasal base angle (0.018), and Nasomental angle (0.033*) and for other nasal parameters they were statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusion:

Himachali males have longer protrusive nose with nasal tipped downward and females have shorter, lesser protrusive nose with nasal tip turned upward and no difference was noted in hump and nasolabial angle.
Uncommon case of traumatic ulcers in schizophrenia: Treatment and care
Authors: Saran Brijesh , Bhagat Tripta S. , Bhagat Rohit
Published: December 2024

Foot ulcers in individuals with schizophrenia present distinct challenges due to factors like treatment non-compliance and compromised self-care abilities. This case is presented with diagnosis of schizophrenia, hospitalised for non-compliance with medication, the presence of psychotic symptoms, and inadequate self-care and wandering tendency associated with a traumatic foot ulcer reported running barefoot in the streets. A multidisciplinary team, comprising a psychiatrist and a wound care professional, detected the ulcer and commenced antibiotic treatment, leading to recovery. By addressing both physical and psychological aspects of care, healthcare providers can enhance patient outcomes and quality of life.