bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Sport-Related Concussion Injuries on Concussion Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Male and Female Adolescent Athletes: A Prospective Study
Authors: McGuine Timothy A. , Pfaller Adam , Kliethermes Stephanie , Schwarz Allison , Hetzel Scott , Hammer Erin , Broglio Steven
Published: October 2019

Background:

Sport-related concussions (SRCs) are associated with short-term disablement, characterized as increased concussion symptoms and lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, there are limited longitudinal data detailing how an SRC affects disablement beyond short-term injury recovery.

Purpose:

To longitudinally assess the effect of SRCs on symptoms and HRQoL in high school athletes through the 12 months after injury.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

The 125 participants included high school athletes who sustained an SRC (female patients, 36%; mean ± SD age, 15.9 ± 1.1 years). The Post-concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) from the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool–3 and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) were completed at enrollment and repeated at 24 to 72 hours (onset) and at 7 days (D7) after the SRC; on the date of return to play (RTP); and at 3, 6, and 12 months (M12) after the SRC. Scores at each time point were compared with the athletes’ own baseline via linear mixed models for repeated measures, controlling for age, sex, and history of previous SRC and with patient as a random effect.

Results:

Relative to baseline, female patients reported higher PCSS symptom and severity scores at onset ( P < .001) and D7 ( P < .001), while scores were not higher ( P > .05) for RTP through M12. As compared with baseline, male patients reported higher PCSS scores at onset ( P < .001) and D7 ( P = .003) and severity scores at onset ( P < .001) and D7 ( P = .016), while the symptom and severity scores were not higher ( P > .05) at RTP through M12. Female participants reported lower PedsQL physical scores at onset ( P = .006), while scores were not lower ( P > .05) from D7 through M12. Female psychosocial scores were not lower ( P > .05) at any time after the SRC, while the total PedsQL score was lower at onset ( P = .05) but not from D7 through M12. Male physical scores were lower at onset ( P < .001) and D7 ( P = .001) but not lower ( P > .05) from RTP through M12. Male psychosocial and PedsQL scores were unchanged ( P > .05) from baseline at onset through M12.

Conclusion:

After an SRC, high school athletes reported initial disablement (increased symptoms and lower HRQoL) through their RTP. However, after RTP, no similar disablement was detected through 12 months after injury.
Anatomic and Biomechanical Evaluation of Ulnar Tunnel Position in Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Dutton Pascual H. , Banffy Michael B. , Nelson Trevor J. , Metzger Melodie F.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Although numerous techniques of reconstruction of the medial ulnar collateral ligament (mUCL) have been described, limited evidence exists on the biomechanical implication of changing the ulnar tunnel position despite the fact that more recent literature has clarified that the ulnar footprint extends more distally than was appreciated in the past.

Purpose:

To evaluate the size and location of the native ulnar footprint and assess valgus stability of the medial elbow after UCL reconstruction at 3 ulnar tunnel locations.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eighteen fresh-frozen cadaveric elbows were dissected to expose the mUCL. The anatomic footprint of the ulnar attachment of the mUCL was measured with a digitizing probe. The area of the ulnar footprint and midpoint relative to the joint line were determined. Medial elbow stability was tested with the mUCL in an intact, deficient, and reconstructed state after the docking technique, with ulnar tunnels placed at 5, 10, or 15 mm from the ulnotrochlear joint line. A 3-N·m valgus torque was applied to the elbow, and valgus rotation of the ulna was recorded via motion-tracking cameras as the elbow was cycled through a full range of motion. After kinematic testing, specimens were loaded to failure at 70° of elbow flexion.

Results:

The mean ± SD length of the mUCL ulnar footprint was 27.4 ± 3.3 mm. The midpoint of the anatomic footprint was located between the 10- and 15-mm tunnels across all specimens at a mean 13.6 mm from the joint line. Sectioning of the mUCL increased elbow valgus rotation throughout all flexion angles and was statistically significant from 30° to 100° of flexion as compared with the intact elbow ( P < .05). mUCL reconstruction at all 3 tunnel locations restored stability to near intact levels with no significant differences among the 3 ulnar tunnel locations at any flexion angle.

Conclusion:

Positioning the ulnar graft fixation site up to 15 mm from the ulnotrochlear joint line does not significantly increase valgus rotation in the elbow.

Clinical Relevance:

A more distal ulnar tunnel may be a viable option to accommodate individual variation in morphology of the proximal ulna or in a revision setting.
Difference, whiteness and the group analytic matrix: An integrated formulation
Authors: Kinouani Guilaine
Published: October 2019

I am a black woman.

This statement may trigger various responses and, perhaps even the urge to disengage. Nonetheless I write it as a social fact. Firstly, to forewarn the reader that the lifeworld they are about to enter may well challenge theirs and, to correct potential erroneous, normative, racial and gendered assumptions. I trust readers will stay with any potential discomfort. Read on. And, reflect upon it at the end of the article. I am too a psychologist and aspiring group analyst. This social and professional positioning means that I have heard many conversations on ‘difference’ where I, and others whose bodies look like mine, have been placed under the deforming microscope of the white gaze, for the alleged edification of my peers, one of the most objectifying encounter I continue to experience. There is a long history within western epistemic, ontological and other scholarly pursuits of normalizing whiteness, of regarding those ‘deviating’ from it as ‘different’ and, of subjecting them/us to investigation, curiosity and/or exoticisation. Ultimately, to consumption. Group analysis is no exception. Difference is a historically loaded term built on the brutality of white masculinist and heteronormative social constructions and thus, on the enactment of power related violence. Central to formulating the function of ‘difference’ and of such brutality between individuals and groups, is the group analytic concept of the matrix. Foulkes (1973), conceptualized it as a hypothetical web of communication and relationships providing the group a shared ground of meaning and significance. This article aims to critically examine the concept of the matrix with reference to race and specifically, to whiteness. It argues that fixating difference onto people of colour, serves fundamental functions for whiteness by linking this process to Foulkes’ concept of location of disturbance. In the second part, the group matrix and whiteness are considered. Finally, using various vignettes, a formulatory framework is suggested to illustrate how whiteness may be reproduced within different levels of the group matrix.
Self-Perceived Competence of Nurses and Care Aides Providing a Palliative Approach in Home, Hospital, and Residential Care Settings: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Sawatzky Richard , Roberts Della , Russell Lara , Bitschy Ami , Ho Sean , Desbiens Jean-François , Chan Eric K. H. , Tayler Carolyn , Stajduhar Kelli
Published: October 2019

Background and purpose

A palliative approach involves adapting and integrating palliative care knowledge and expertise earlier on and across sectors of care for people who have life-limiting chronic conditions. This study explored the extent to which nurses’ and care aides’ self-perceived palliative care competence may explain variation in the application of a palliative approach across nursing care settings that do not specialize in palliative care. A secondary objective was to psychometrically evaluate an instrument for measuring self-perceived palliative care competence. Methods and procedures: Data were collected via a cross-sectional survey (N = 1468) of registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and care aides at 114 randomly selected hospital-based medical units, home care offices, and residential care facilities. The questionnaire included the Palliative Care Nursing Self-Competence Scale. Multilevel logistic regression and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were conducted.

Results

In addition to self-perceived competence, factors associated with a palliative approach include identification of patients who have life-limiting conditions and who would benefit from a palliative approach, and work environment. The psychometric analyses of the Palliative Care Nursing Self-Competence Scale confirmed a 10-dimensional structure, strong internal consistency reliability, and measurement equivalence. Discussion and conclusion: This study provides information for future development and research on interventions for integrating a palliative approach.
Specific White Matter Lesions Related to Motor Dysfunction in Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies
Authors: Jiang Haoxiang , Liu Heng , He Hairong , Yang Jian , Liu Zhe , Huang Tingting , Lyu Jun , Li Xianjun
Published: October 2019

Background:

Assessing motor impairment in spastic cerebral palsy is a key factor in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients. We intend to investigate the correlation between diffusion tensor imaging properties of sensorimotor pathways and motor function in spastic cerebral palsy using meta-analysis, and to determine specific white matter lesions that are closely related to motor dysfunction in spastic cerebral palsy.

Methods:

We conducted a literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify trials published from January 1999 to January 2019 that had evaluated the correlation between fractional anisotropy and motor function scores in spastic cerebral palsy. Correlation coefficient ( r) values were extracted for each study, and the extent of r was quantitatively explored. The r values between fractional anisotropy within different sensorimotor pathways and motor function scores were pooled respectively.

Results:

Nineteen studies involving 504 children with spastic cerebral palsy, were included. Fractional anisotropy in both sensory and motor pathways significantly correlated with motor function scores. However, compared with the corticospinal tract and thalamic radiation, fractional anisotropy in the posterior limb of the internal capsule correlated more strongly with gross motor function classification system and upper limb motor function ( r = –0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.80 to –0.60; r = 0.73, 95% CI 0.60-0.82, respectively; P < .05).

Conclusions:

Fractional anisotropy within the posterior limb of the internal capsule is more closely related to motor dysfunction and can potentially be a biomarker for evaluating the degree of motor impairment in spastic cerebral palsy.
Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia and Interventional Local Vasodilatory Therapy: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Stahl Klaus , Rittgerodt Nina , Busch Markus , Maschke Sabine K. , Schneider Andrea , Manns Michael P. , Fuge Jan , Meyer Bernhard C. , Hoeper Marius M. , Hinrichs Jan B. , David Sascha
Published: October 2019

Background:

Intensive care patients with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) show mortality rates of 70% to 90%. Besides emergency surgery, different interventional local vasodilatory treatment (LVT) attempts have been described. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to evaluate feasibility, efficacy, and tolerability of LVT in patients with life-threatening NOMI.

Methods:

Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were performed until February 2019. Measured outcomes included immediate technical success rates (as indicated by mesenteric vasodilation on angiography or clinical improvement) and adverse events (AEs). Therapeutic efficacy was measured by the assessment of overall mortality.

Results:

Twelve studies (335 patients, 245 received LVT) from 1977 to 2018 were included. All studies were retrospective (4 comparative and 8 noncomparative). Different intra-arterial vasodilators (4× papaverine, 6× prostaglandin E1, 1× tolazoline/heparin, 1× tolazoline + iloprost) were reported. Initial technical success rate was 75.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.1%-89%, P = .017) with an AE rate of 2.9% (95% CI: 1.3%-6.6%; P = .983). Overall mortality in LVT patients was 40.3% (95% CI: 28.7%-53%, P = .134). In 4 studies, outcomes were compared between patients receiving LVT to those who received standard of care (odds ratio for death in LVT patients was 0.261 [95% CI: 0.095-0.712, P = .009]).

Conclusions:

Local vasodilatory treatment appears to be safe in patients with NOMI and might have the potential to at least partially reverse mesenteric vasoconstriction features in control angiographies. However, with no randomized and prospective studies available yet, the overall quality of published studies has to be considered as low; therefore, it is not possible to draw generalizable conclusions from the present data concerning clinical end points. Its application might hold promise as a rescue treatment strategy and deserves further evaluation in randomized controlled trials.
Association Between Family Physical Violence Victimization and Food Consumption Among Brazilian Adolescents
Authors: Marques Emanuele Souza , Leite Tatiana Henriques , de Oliveira Aline Gaudard e Silva , Cunha Diana Barbosa , Verly Júnior Eliseu , Azeredo Catarina Machado
Published: October 2019

Few studies have evaluated the relationship between stressful events, such as child abuse and food consumption. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess whether family physical violence victimization is associated with food consumption in adolescents. We used data from the Brazilian National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, carried out in 2015, in a representative sample of 102,072 students attending ninth grade from public and private schools. We used Venn diagrams and logistic regression analysis to, respectively, graphically represent and evaluate the association between the consumption of ultra-processed food (soft drinks, sweets/candies, and salty biscuits, packaged snacks, or processed meat) and in natura food (beans, fruits and vegetables) with victimization from family physical violence. We found a lower consumption of in natura and higher consumption of ultra-processed foods among adolescent victims when compared with nonvictims of family physical violence. The probability of consuming 4 or more times a week increased by 44% for salty biscuits, packaged snacks, or processed meats; 38% for soft drinks; and 22% for sweets among adolescents who reported violence. On the contrary, the probability of consuming 4 or more times a week decreased by 25% for beans, 19% for vegetables, and 13% for fruits among adolescent victims of family physical violence. We conclude that family physical violence victimization is associated with high consumption of ultra-processed food and low consumption of in natura food among Brazilian adolescents. Therefore, issues related to violence in childhood and adolescence should be addressed in interventions aimed at altering food consumption and consequent prevention, control, and treatment of nutrition-related outcomes to increase their effectiveness.
The Impact of the Duration of Antibiotic Therapy in Patients With Community-Onset Pneumonia on Readmission Rates: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Parshall Daniel M. , Sessa Julia E. , Conn Kelly M. , Avery Lisa M.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Recent publications have confirmed that 70% of hospitalized adults with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia and health-care-associated pneumonia are prescribed a duration therapy that exceeds current guideline recommendations.

Objective:

The primary objective is to evaluate the relationship between antibiotic duration and all-cause 30-day readmission rates. Secondary outcomes include pneumonia-specific 30-day readmission rate and identification of risk factors for readmission.

Methods:

Patients aged ≥18 years with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016, were included in this single-center, retrospective cohort study. Patients were categorized by antibiotic therapy duration of ≤7 days (n = 139) or >7 days (n = 286), and outcomes were analyzed in both bivariate and multivariate models. A multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between all-cause 30-day readmission and antibiotic days.

Results:

Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the 2 groups. All-cause 30-day readmission rates were 15.8% and 15.5% for patients who received ≤7 days versus >7 days of antibiotics, respectively ( P = .95). Pneumonia-specific 30-day readmission occurred in 3.6% of patients who received antibiotics for ≤7 days compared to 3.5% of patients who received antibiotics for >7 days ( P = .95). Multivariate logistic regression showed no statistically significant association between readmission rate and antibiotic duration of >7 days. Statistically significant risk factors for readmission identified by logistic regression include ≥3 hospital admissions within the previous year, a hematocrit <30% at discharge, a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), and weight.

Conclusion:

The use of prolonged antibiotic therapy for the treatment of community-onset pneumonia was not associated with a decrease in all-cause or pneumonia-specific 30-day readmission rates.
Metastatic Klebsiella pneumoniae Invasive Liver Abscess Syndrome in Denver, Colorado
Authors: Bradley Mary E. , Scoular Sarah K.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Klebsiella pneumoniae has gained recognition for its association with invasive liver abscess syndrome (ILAS). ILAS is associated with a hypervirulent strain of K pneumoniae and can impact immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised patients.

Case Report:

A 42-year-old Hispanic male with no significant past medical history was admitted with complaints of subjective fevers and worsening fatigue. The patient was found to have multiple septic pulmonary emboli, a prostate abscess, a seminal vesicle abscess, bilateral frontoparietal and left temporal infarcts thought to be due to septic emboli, pyelonephritis, endophthalmitis, and hepatic abscesses. Cultures grew K pneumoniae that was determined to be the hypervirulent strain associated with ILAS. The patient was treated for a total of 71 days, including ceftriaxone and multiple intravitreal injections with ceftazidime.

Conclusion:

Notably, this case report details a disease state new to Colorado. Pharmacists are able to assist in the care of ILAS with antibiotic selection, considering sites of infection and encouraging appropriate consultation of specialized care teams.
New transparent and thermally stable cardo poly(ether imide)s derived from 10,10-bis[4-(4-amino-2-pyridinoxy)phenyl]-9(10H)-anthrone
Authors: Zhang Zi-Yang , Huang Zhen-Zhong , Pan Yang , Song Cheng
Published: October 2019

A new diamine bearing flexible ether, rigid pyridine, and bulky anthrone pendent group, 10,10-bis[4-(4-amino-2-pyridinoxy)phenyl]-9(10 H)-anthrone (BAPPA), was prepared in three steps from anthrone. BAPPA was reacted with six conventional aromatic dianhydrides in N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) to form the corresponding new poly(ether imide)s (PEIs) via the poly(ether amic acid) (PEAA) precursors with inherent viscosities ranging from 0.85 dL g−1 to 1.26 dL g−1 and thermal imidization. All the PEAAs could be cast from DMAc solution and thermally converted into transparent, flexible, and tough PEI films with tensile strength of 72.2–112.4 MPa, tensile modulus of 1.8–2.1 GPa, and elongation at break of 10–18%. These PEIs were predominantly amorphous and displayed excellent thermal stability with the glass transition temperature of 290–388°C, the 5% weight loss temperature of 480–514°C, and the residue of 68–43% at 800°C in nitrogen. The PEIs derived from 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene dianhydride and 4,4′-hexafluoroisopropylidenediphathalic anhydride exhibited excellent solubility in organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, DMAc, N, N-dimethylformamide, pyridine, and even in tetrahydrofuran. Meanwhile, these PEIs also exhibited high optical transparency with the ultraviolet cutoff wavelength in the 374–427 nm range and the wavelength of 80% transparency in the range of 468–493 nm.
Tip leakage flow analysis of an axial turbine under the effect of separation at low Reynolds number
Authors: Shao Ziyi , Li Wen , Zhu Yangli , Wang Xing , Zhang Xuehui , Chen Haisheng , Qin Wei
Published: October 2019

The tip clearance flow could lead to work reduction and loss generation in turbomachines. However, the effect of separation at low Reynolds number on leakage flow is seldom studied. The previous method for evaluating tip leakage characteristics should also be further researched. Thus, numerical investigations on the tip clearance flow in an unshrouded axial-inflow turbine are conducted at low Reynolds number (3.5 × 104 of the rotor outlet at the designed condition) in the present study. The flow patterns and leakage mass flow rate of the clearance have been analyzed in detail. It is found that the tip clearance flow is greatly affected by the flow separation caused by low Reynolds number. The scraping ratio adopted in previous references does not accord with the clearance flow characteristics at low Reynolds number, especially in the front part of the clearance. A coefficient by −0.70 power of the Reynolds number is proposed to modify the scraping ratio in the present study. The synergy between the velocity and the pressure gradient is innovatively employed to research the tip clearance flow characteristics, and it gives a reliable criterion of indicating the flow patterns in the tip clearance.
Participation in faecal immunochemical testing-based colorectal cancer screening programmes in the northwest of Europe
Authors: Toes-Zoutendijk Esther , Portillo Isabel , Hoeck Sarah , de Brabander Isabel , Perrin Philippe , Dubois Catherine , van Leerdam Monique , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Bardou Marc
Published: October 2019

Objective

This study compared the participation in four faecal immunochemical testing-based screening programmes for colorectal cancer in Flanders, France, Basque country and the Netherlands, to identify factors to further optimize faecal immunochemical testing programmes.

Method

Background information and data on performance indicators were collected and compared for the four programmes.

Results

Invitation method, reminders, funding, faecal immunochemical testing cut-off and follow-up after positive faecal immunochemical testing differed in the four programmes. In France, only an invitation letter is sent by mail, while the sample kit must be collected from the general practitioner. In the other programmes, an invitation letter including the sample kit is sent by mail. Participation rates vary substantially according to the method of invitation, with the highest participation rates in the Netherlands (73.0%) and Basque country (72.4%), followed by Flanders (54.5%) and France (28.6%). Basque country (92.8%) and France (88.4%), the two programmes with most active involvement of general practitioners in referral for colonoscopy, had the highest participation rates for colonoscopy.

Conclusions

Large differences in screening participation observed between programmes according to the invitation method used suggest that changes to the design of the programme, such as including the sample kit with the invitation, or active involvement of GPs, might increase participation.
Navigating complex end-of-life decisions in a family-centric society
Authors: Lee Guozhang
Published: October 2019

End-of-life decision making frequently involves a complex balancing of clinical, cultural, social, ethical, religious and economic considerations. Achieving a happy balance of these sometimes-competing interests, however, can be particularly fraught in a family-centric society like Singapore where the family unit often retains significant involvement in care determinations necessitating careful consideration of the family’s position during the decision-making process. While various decision-making tools such as relational autonomy, best interests principle and welfare-based models have been proposed to help navigate such difficult decision-making processes, their application in practical terms, however, is dubious at best. This case report is presented to highlight these issues and explore the utility of these frameworks within the Singapore end-of-life care context when the interests of the family may be dissonant from those of the patient.
Freak Show in Black Comedy: Moral and Physical Disability in Dharamveer Bharati’s ‘Gulki Banno’ (Gulki the Bride)
Authors: Vanashree
Published: October 2019

Dharmveer Bharati’s1 ‘Gulki Banno’2 portrays the life of Gulki, a young woman who is a humpback. Set in Allahabad of the 1970s, it describes Gulki’s struggle for survival and lays bare the manner in which deformity or disability is seen in our society. This article shows the varied ways by which her impaired body is associated with evil and deviance and is the object of children’s pranks and adult’s derision. It engages the reader with the issues of spousal abuse, juvenile delinquency, a disabled’s search for space and, most perceptibly, the selfish motives behind the display of philanthropy. The analysis probes the underlying dimensions of moral and physical disability, underlining how multiple shades of the comic weave through the story to impending tragedy.
Book review: Jyoti Puri, Sexual States: Governance and the Struggle to Decriminalize Homosexuality in India
Authors: Chaudhary Rachna
Published: October 2019

Jyoti Puri, Sexual States: Governance and the Struggle to Decriminalize Homosexuality in India. New Delhi, India: Orient BlackSwan, 2016, 222 pages, ₹895 (Hardbound), ISBN: 9788125062363.
Book review: Anamika Roy, Sixty-Four Yoginis: Cults, Icons and Goddesses
Authors: Sahgal Smita
Published: October 2019

Anamika Roy, Sixty-Four Yoginis: Cults, Icons and Goddesses. Delhi, India: Primus, 2015. 354 pages (Hardbound), ₹1,395, ISBN: 9789384082123.
Book review: Tutun Mukherjee and Niladri R. Chatterjee (Eds), Androgyny and Female Impersonation in India: Nari Bhav
Authors: Middey Amrita
Published: October 2019

Tutun Mukherjee and Niladri R. Chatterjee (Eds), Androgyny and Female Impersonation in India: Nari Bhav. New Delhi, India: Niyogi Books, 2016. 356 pages (Hardcover). ₹795, ISBN: 978-93-85285-46-2.
Women’s Labour and Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Vennila Soorya , Ramesh K.
Published: October 2019

This article looks at the participation of women in irrigated agriculture in 32 districts of Tamil Nadu and found exceptional involvement in these three districts, which are topographically different from each other, namely Kanyakumari, Nilgiris and South Arcot. The study asked—how does contemporary agriculture support female participation and in turn how does this keep agricultural labour supply and food security sustainable? A range of research methods were used to explore the rationale for exceptional female participation in irrigated agriculture. It concluded that such participation arises because of the existing pattern of labour supply primarily by landowning farm women and labourers. This as a result of male preference for widespread skilled jobs, subsequent changing labour pattern due to male migration, matrilineal property ownership, cropping intensity, multi-tasking of women and the coordinated effort of women’s groups (SHGs) in accessing micro-credits. Finally, subsidies and incentives have further altered and effected greater labour supply of women in agriculture.
A Review of Economic Consequences and Costs of Male Violence Against Women
Authors: López-Sánchez M. J. , Belso-Martínez J. A. , Hervás-Oliver J. L.
Published: October 2019

This article focuses on male violence against women. As it takes place in what is often considered to be ‘the private sphere’ of the home, violence is difficult to prove, to measure, to prevent and easy to ignore. A multi-country study (WHO, 2005, WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women: Summary report of initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women’s responses, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization) shows that there are wide variations between countries resulting in 15 per cent to 71 per cent of women aged between 15 and 49 years saying that they have been victims of physical or sexual violence in intimate relationships. This article reviews and summarises literature that analyse types of economic costs that result from domestic violence and abuse perpetrated against women.
Application of a nonlocal grid model for analysis of the creep damage of metals
Authors: Nowak Krzysztof
Published: October 2019

The paper presents a model of creep damage development in polycrystalline material. The model operates at two scales: micro and macro. The microscale is appropriate for simulation of the damage development phenomenon. Engineering structures operate and experimental tests are performed at the macroscale.

For a polycrystalline material, damage development is strictly dependent on the structure of the material. At the microscale, the model uses a tool called cellular automata that enables the description of this dependence. The macroscopic results, required for comparison with the experimental results and for the analysis of engineering structures, are achieved by means of the finite element method. The model connects the cellular automata damage model with the deformation model implemented in the finite element system to realize the multiscale cellular automata finite element model. This connection is made using a nonlocal approach to avoid a solution dependence on the finite element mesh. The nonlocal grid method is considered the most suitable for the discrete cellular automata model.

The model has been verified with the experimental results of a uniaxial tension test for copper at elevated temperature. The effectiveness and different variants of the nonlocal grid method for creep crack growth problems have been examined.
Immigrants’ Confidence in the Police: An Examination of Generational and Ethnic Differences in the United States
Authors: Han Sungil , Yim Ha-Neul , Hernandez Richard , Maskály Jon
Published: October 2019

As the number of immigrants in the United States grows, the importance of their confidence in the police cannot be understated. This article simultaneously examines the impact of both generational and ethnic differences among immigrants on their confidence in the police. Using a sample of U.S. residents from the World Value Survey (Wave 6, N = 2,232), the results suggest that first-generation immigrants have less confidence in the police than both nonimmigrants and second-generation immigrants. The results also suggest a generational and ethnic effect with second-generation immigrants of Hispanic/Latino origin reporting a lower level of confidence in the police than other ethnic immigrant groups. The importance of these findings is discussed in light of both scholarly and policy implications.
Combined Therapy With Dobutamine and Omecamtiv Mecarbil in Pigs With Ischemic Acute Heart Failure Is Attributed to the Effect of Dobutamine
Authors: Rødland Lars , Rønning Leif , Kildal Anders Benjamin , Myrmel Truls , How Ole-Jakob
Published: October 2019

Inotropic support in ischemic acute heart failure (AHF) is controversial. We tested a therapeutic principle for AHF by combining a low dose of omecamtiv mecarbil (OM; 0.25 mg/kg bolus plus 0.25 mg/kg/h) with a low dose of dobutamine (Dobut; 1.25 µg/kg/min). In 10 pigs subjected to myocardial ischemia by left coronary microembolization, this cotreatment increased cardiac power (CP) from 0.48 ± 0.14 to 0.81 ± 0.22 W ( P < .05). When the drugs were given as a monotherapy, CP increased from 0.57 ± 0.11 to 0.65 ± 0.15 W (OM; n = 5; not significant) and from 0.40 ± 0.07 to 0.70 ± 0.10 W (Dobut; n = 5; P < .05). Dobut counteracted OM-mediated impairments in early relaxation and diastolic shortening. In a second protocol using the same doses, we assessed cardiac efficiency in 5 healthy pigs by relating myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) to the pressure–volume area. Here, the increases in cardiac work and MVO2 were matched, leaving cardiac efficiency unaltered by this drug combination. Low-dose cotreatment with OM + Dobut produces an appropriate hemodynamic effect with improved CP at doses that do not affect cardiac efficiency. This outcome is mainly attributed to the inotropic effect of Dobut.
Readymade Methodology
Authors: Gildersleeve Ryan Evely , Guyotte Kelly W.
Published: October 2019

Neither inside, nor outside. Between art and non-art. Visual artist, Marcel Duchamp’s readymade art installations of the early 20th century mapped a space of between-ness, of liminality, through previously drawn boundaries in the art world. In this article, we put forth readymade methodology as a liminal approach to (post)qualitative research. Drawing from Duchamp’s readymade art installations, we situate dominant methodological practices as collections of ready-made techniques and technologies for interpreting the world (research as instrumentation); such processes, we argue, are distinct from readymade inquiry (research as immanent and multiplicitous). Readymade methodology disorients knowings and illustrates lines of flight produced from inversions of taken-for-granted technical application of research methods. In this article, we think methodology differently, not limiting ourselves to the constraints/comforts of conventional qualitative methodology. Just as Duchamp interrogated the in-between of art and everyday life, readymade methodology flourishes in/with the potentiality of twisted liminal spaces in (post)qualitative inquiry.
Wave motion in multi-layered transversely isotropic porous media by the method of potential functions
Authors: Teymouri Hamid , Khojasteh Ali , Rahimian Mohammad , Pak Ronald Y S
Published: October 2019

Wave propagation in a multi-layered transversely isotropic porous medium has been considered in this paper, which consists of n parallel layers overlying on a half-space. Potential functions are used to solve elastodynamic differential equations of the poroelastic medium. Time-harmonic excitation is assumed and the procedure of solution is performed in the frequency domain. Generalized reflection and transmission matrices are generated for compressional and shear waves separately. By means of the Hankel transformation method, coupled differential equations are altered to ordinary ones and Riemann surfaces are used to establish the path of integrations. A closed-form solution is described to reach Green’s functions of displacements and stresses. Some special cases of excitations are discussed and verification of the solution is presented. The numerical results of a three-layered medium on a porous half-space are determined and discussed.
Management of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Wang Rongzhi , Zheng-Pywell Rui , Chen H Alexander , Bibb James A , Chen Herbert , Rose J Bart
Published: October 2019

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are derived from neuroendocrine cell system and can have benign or malignant characteristics. They are rare tumors, but have been increasing in incidence over the past 40 years. Patients with NENs may develop symptoms due to primary tumor invasion, metastasis, or from secretion of hormonally active tumor substances. Multiple imaging modalities are used for diagnosis and staging, including specialty scans such as 111In pentetreotide (Octreoscan) and 68Gallium-DOTATATE, along with endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and biochemical marker testing. Treatment involves both surgical approach, for both primary and metastatic lesions, as well as medical management for symptom management and disease progression. This article will review the current clinical knowledge regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these fascinating neoplasms and the associated hormonal syndromes.
Improving geriatric care and reducing hospitalisations in regional and remote areas: The benefits of telehealth
Authors: Lillicrap Louise , Hunter Christine , Goldswain Peter
Published: October 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two geriatrician models of care, the telegeriatric service (TGS) and visiting geriatrician (VG), in regional and remote settings in terms of potential cost-savings to the health system and impact on health service use (HSU). Furthermore, to establish whether longer wait-times for clinic appointments led to increased HSU by study participants.

Methods

Trends in patient emergency department presentations, hospitalisations and bed-days (HSU) were compared from 18 months before to 12 months after geriatrician appointment for the two services in the Western Australian Midwest region. The relationships between wait times, patient triage level and HSU were modelled. The costs of providing the services were offset against reductions in HSU after appointments.

Results

The sample comprised consecutive patients using the TGS ( n = 84) and VG service ( n = 124). Patient characteristics were similar, although patients using the VG service had longer wait-times, were triaged as more urgent and demonstrated the highest levels of HSU. Both models were effective with similar rates of reduced HSU following appointments. Increased wait-times and higher patient triage urgency were associated with increased HSU.

Discussion

Although TGS and VG showed similar reduced rates of HSU, TGS had the capacity to see a higher volume of patients, a broader geographical reach and improved waitlist management. Consequently, TGS was more effective at reducing avoidable hospitalisations and subsequent health deterioration due to shorter wait-times. Whilst face-to-face consultations are recognised as ‘gold standard’ a combination of the two models is most efficient.
Living well with chronic illness: How social support, loneliness and psychological appraisals relate to well-being in a population-based European sample
Authors: Maguire Rebecca , Hanly Paul , Maguire Phil
Published: October 2019

Positive social and psychological appraisals may help maintain well-being in illness, but few studies have systematically investigated this in a European context. After controlling for sociodemographic, health and objective social factors, we employed multilevel regression modelling to establish if appraisals predict well-being in three illness groups ( n = 10,577). In addition to health and financial status, positive appraisals were consistent predictors of well-being. Social appraisals had stronger associations with well-being than extent of social contact. Optimism and resilience appeared more important in those limited by health than those who were not. Findings may inform interventions aimed at supporting people coping with illness.
Impact of HIV risk perception on both pre-exposure prophylaxis and condom use
Authors: Di Ciaccio Marion , Sagaon-Teyssier Luis , Protière Christel , Mimi Mohamed , Suzan-Monti Marie , Meyer Laurence , Rojas Castro Daniela , Pialoux Gilles , Pintado Claire , Molina Jean Michel , Préau Marie , Spire Bruno
Published: October 2019

Risk perception is one of the several important factors impacting sexual health behaviours. This study investigated the evolution of HIV risk perception on pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence and condom use in men who have sex with men at high risk of HIV and associated factors. Group-based trajectory modelling helped in identifying patterns of risk perception, pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence and condom use over time. The association between the former and the latter two dimensions was then investigated. An estimated 61 per cent ( p < 0.001) of participants perceiving low risk and 100 per cent ( p < 0.001) of those perceiving high risk had systematic pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence, while an estimated 49 per cent ( p < 0.001) and 99.8 per cent ( p < 0.001), respectively, reported low-level condom use.
The melancholic torturer: How Australia became a nation that tortures refugees
Authors: Macken Julie
Published: October 2019

Australia’s treatment of refugees and asylum seekers has been found to constitute a regime of cruelty and neglect that amounts to torture. This article seeks to answer the question: how did Australia become a state that uses torture on refugees? It uses Freud’s work on mourning and melancholia to suggest the majority of the Australian electorate made a decision to forgo the work of mourning in 1996, to deny the need to bury the myth of the kindly coloniser. This stillborn mourning became melancholia. As a consequence of denying the need to bury the myth of the kindly coloniser, a majority of the electorate reverted to the primitive and defensive split position to create a ‘good’ compassionate and generous Australia to the ‘bad’ manipulative refugees. Isolation, propaganda, law as tactic and privatising detention then led to an operationalising of this defensive melancholia, which ultimately culminated in torture.
Eulerian CFD modeling of nozzle geometry effects on ECN Sprays A and D: assessment and analysis
Authors: Pandal Adrian , Garcia-Oliver Jose M , Pastor Jose M
Published: October 2019

Diesel spray modeling is a multi-scale problem with complex interactions between different flow regions, that is, internal nozzle flow, near-nozzle region and developed spray, including evaporation and combustion. There are several modeling approaches that have proven particularly useful for some spray regions although they have struggled at other areas, while Eulerian modeling has shown promise in dealing with all characteristics at a reasonable computational effort for engineering calculations. In this work, the [Formula: see text]–Y single-fluid diffuse-interface model, based on scale separation assumptions at high Reynolds and Weber numbers, is used to simulate the engine combustion network Sprays A and D within a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence modeling approach. The study is divided into two parts. First of all, the larger diameter Spray D is modeled from the nozzle flow till evaporative spray conditions, obtaining successful prediction of numerous spray metrics, paying special attention to the near-nozzle region where spray dispersion and interfacial surface area can be validated against measurements conducted at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, including both the ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering and the X-ray radiography. Afterwards, an analysis of the modeling predictions is made in comparison with previous results obtained for Spray A, considering the nozzle geometry effects in the modeling behavior.
Under surveillance: An actor network theory ethnography of users’ experiences of electronic monitoring
Authors: Berry Carl R.
Published: October 2019

Electronic monitoring (EM) tags are a punishment that utilizes surveillance to enforce curfews. This capacity has drawn debate as to whether it simply enforces the penalty or exists as a punishment itself. However, little empirical work has been conducted on users regarding the experience. The encroaching presence of mass surveillance has also been increasingly debated within criminology, amidst concerns concerning the capabilities of technologies to monitor and control citizens. This article will explore the impact of surveillance as a specific feature of EM to investigate how being monitored is experienced by users during sentences. It will principally draw upon the ethnographic approach of actor network theory – which argues that humans and non-human technologies ‘relationally’ coexist with each other – to explore this phenomenon.
Supporting Rita: A Social Cognitive Approach to (First-Generation) Students’ Retention
Authors: Wittner Britta , Powazny Stefanie , Kauffeld Simone
Published: October 2019

Students who are the first in their family to go to university (first-generation students [FGS]) are still underrepresented at universities. One of the considered reasons for this is their lack of social support. Our study followed a group of German students at two time points: after their first educational choice and at the end of their first semester. According to social cognitive career theory, we tested for the effect of self-efficacy beliefs on intention to drop out, mediated by confidence in vocational choice. Following a social network perspective, we analyzed the moderating effect of support network size and support network quality. The findings reveal a complete mediation and add to the empirical evidence on social cognitive career theory. They demonstrate the special importance of social support for FGS. High-quality support networks help FGS struggling with confidence in their vocational choice to follow their university goals instead of dropping out but have no effect for other students.
Mining Twitter to Inform the Design of Online Interventions for Hispanic Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Caregivers
Authors: Yoon Sunmoo , Lucero Robert , Mittelman Mary S. , Luchsinger José A. , Bakken Suzanne
Published: October 2019

Background/Objective:

Hispanics are about 1.5 times as likely as non-Hispanic Whites to experience Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD). Eight percent of AD/ADRD caregivers are Hispanics. The purpose of this article is to provide a methodological case study of using data mining methods and the Twitter platform to inform online self-management and social support intervention design and evaluation for Hispanic AD/ADRD caregivers. It will enable other researchers to replicate the methods for their phenomena of interest.

Method:

We extracted an analytic corpus of 317,658 English and Spanish tweets, applied content mining (topic models) and network structure analysis (macro-, meso-, and micro-levels) methods, and created visualizations of results.

Results:

The topic models showed differences in content between English and Spanish tweet corpora and between years analyzed. Our methods detected significant structural changes between years including increases in network size and subgroups, decrease in proportion of isolates, and increase in proportion of triads of the balanced communication type.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Each analysis revealed key lessons that informed the design and/or evaluation of online self-management and social support interventions for Hispanic AD/ADRD caregivers. These lessons are relevant to others wishing to use Twitter to characterize a particular phenomenon or as an intervention platform.