bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative kinetics of the alkali-catalyzed sunflower oil methanolysis with co-solvent under conventional and microwave heating with controlled cooling
Authors: Beljic Durkovic Biljana B. , Jovanovic Jelena D. , Adnadjevic Borivoj K.
Published: January 2018

The kinetics of the alkali-catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol in the presence of co-solvent (TSMPC) were investigated. The kinetics curves of the alkali-catalyzed TSMPC, in the temperature range of 26°C–55°C, were measured for conventional heating (CH) and microwave heating with controlled cooling. The results showed that for both heating modes, the kinetics of the alkali-catalyzed TSMPC reaction can be described with the kinetic model of the pseudo first-order reaction with respect to the concentration of the triglycerides. The values of apparent reaction rate constants, activation energies, and pre-exponential factors are also calculated. The existence of a linear correlation (compensation effect) between the values of apparent kinetic parameters determined for CH and microwave heating with controlled cooling conditions is established. The results confirmed that the increase in the transesterification rate in the microwave heating with controlled cooling conditions is not caused by overheating nor by the existence of hotspots. The model of mechanism of the impact of microwave heating on the kinetics of transesterification is hereby proposed.
“What do you call a Black guy who flies a plane?”: The effects and understanding of disparagement and confrontational racial humor
Authors: Saucier Donald A. , Strain Megan L. , Miller Stuart S. , O’Dea Conor J. , Till Derrick F.
Published: January 2018

We conducted three studies to test our overarching hypothesis that racial humor may increase or decrease subsequent expressions of prejudice by setting social norms that indicate prejudice is either more or less acceptable, respectively. We selected riddles that were disparaging, confrontational, or neutral, and examined their effects on subsequent prejudiced expressions. We predicted humor that disparaged Blacks would convey that prejudiced expressions are more socially acceptable, resulting in increased expressions of prejudice toward Blacks. Conversely, we predicted humor that confronted prejudiced expressions would convey that prejudiced expressions are less socially acceptable, resulting instead in reduced expressions of prejudice toward Blacks. Our studies demonstrated that, consistent with prejudiced norm theory, disparagement humor, and confrontational humor perceived as disparaging, has the potential to disinhibit expressions of prejudice when used, even in brief social interactions. Our studies also showed that individuals often misinterpreted the subversive nature of confrontational humor, frequently perceiving the confrontation intended to challenge expressions of prejudice as instead intending to disparage Blacks. Thus, while it is possible racial humor may have the potential to tighten norms inhibiting prejudice, the perceptions of confrontational jokes as disparaging may result in jokes (created to subvert and inhibit prejudice) ironically reinforcing prejudiced responding.
Daily sitting time associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents
Authors: Bae Ki Nam , Kim Hye Ryun , Rhie Young-Jun , Lee Kee-Hyoung , Nam Hyo-Kyoung
Published: January 2018

Background:

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between daily sitting time and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents.

Methods:

Data from 486 adolescents aged 12–18 years were obtained from national surveys. Daily sitting time was measured using questionnaires and divided into three intervals: <8 h; 8–12 h; and ≥12 h.

Results:

The mean daily sitting time and prevalence of positive metabolic components were 620.9±9.9 min/day and 45.5±2.7%, respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, adolescents who sat longer were more likely to have metabolic components (p<0.05), independent of age, sex, area of residence, sleeping time and body mass index.

Conclusions:

Longer daily sitting time appears to be associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. These findings highlight the need to focus on reducing sitting time for all adolescents, not just for those at risk of obesity.
Divergence in speech perception
Authors: Walker Abby , Hay Jennifer , Drager Katie , Sanchez Kauyumari
Published: January 2018

This paper presents results from an experiment designed to test whether New Zealand listeners’ perceptual adaptation towards Australian English is mediated by their attitudes toward Australia, which we attempted to manipulate experimentally. Participants were put into one of three conditions, where they either read good facts about Australia, bad facts about Australia, or no facts about Australia (the control). Participants performed the same listening task – matching the vowel in a sentence to a vowel in a synthesized continuum – before and after reading the facts. The results indicate that participants who read the bad facts shifted their perception ofkitto more Australian-like tokens relative to the control group, while the participants who read good facts shifted their perception ofkitto more NZ-like tokens relative to the control group. This result shows that perceptual adaptation towards a dialect can occur in the absence of a speaker of that dialect and that these adaptations are subject to a listener’s (manipulated) affect towards the primed dialect region.
Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Modeling emotional intelligence as mediator
Authors: Majeed Nauman , Ramayah T. , Mustamil Norizah , Nazri Mohammad , Jamshed Samia
Published: January 2018

Leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) stayed at pinnacle in the arena of organizational behavior research since decades and has attained significant consideration of scholars pursuing to define multifaceted dynamics of leadership and their influence on follower’s behavior at work. The voluntary behavior of Organizational citizenship improves organizational effectiveness, and it goes beyond formal job duties. This study attempts to explore the association amongst transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior of teachers in public sector higher education institutions in Pakistan. Study of organizational citizenship behavior in educational organizations and academicians is of high value that definitely requires attention. This study examines the direct and indirect influence of transformational leadership through exploring the mediating role of emotional intelligence. The model was tested by employing structural equation modelling technique on survey responses collected from academicians. Results from 220 responses indicated that relationship between transformational leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior is statistically significant where Emotional Intelligence plays an important role as a mediator. The results support and add to the positive effects of transformational leadership style interconnected with extra role behavior at work making it more meaningful. The findings make a significant contribution to leadership and organizational behavior literature in higher education sector and propose that organizations should implement practices that help in enhancing the level of organizational citizenship behavior in organizations.
Exploring the e-CRM – e-customer- e-loyalty nexus: a Kenyan commercial bank case study
Authors: Oumar Timothy K. , Mang’Unyi Eric E. , Govender Krishna K. , Rajkaran Sookdhev
Published: January 2018

This article scaffolds on customer relationship management (CRM) theory and explores the association between electronic CRM (e-CRM) and electronic customer’s (e-customer) electronic loyalty (e-loyalty) in the banking sector. By using a survey design, data was collected from a convenience sample of customers of a major Kenyan commercial bank, and analysed using structural equation and multiple regression modelling. The findings reveal that there is a positive relationship between e-CRM and e-customers’ loyalty. The e-CRM features at all three stages of an electronic transaction cycle namely, pre-service, during-service and after-service, significantly influence the e-customers’ loyalty in the banking sector. Thus, to capitalize on the range of benefits that emanate from the use of e-CRM, continued review and enhancement of marketing strategies is needed, so as to achieve e-customers’ loyalty particularly, at the post-service stage. Kenyan commercial bank managers should focus on customer satisfaction specifically at post-service stage, to increase their ecustomers’ loyalty.
Adaptive estimation and discrimination of Holevo-Werner channels
Authors: Cope Thomas P. W. , Pirandola Stefano
Published: January 2018

The class of quantum states known as Werner states have several interesting properties, which often serve to illuminate unusual properties of quantum information. Closely related to these states are the Holevo- Werner channels whose Choi matrices are Werner states. Exploiting the fact that these channels are teleportation covariant, and therefore simulable by teleportation, we compute the ultimate precision in the adaptive estimation of their channel-defining parameter. Similarly, we bound the minimum error probability affecting the adaptive discrimination of any two of these channels. In this case, we prove an analytical formula for the quantum Chernoff bound which also has a direct counterpart for the class of depolarizing channels. Our work exploits previous methods established in [Pirandola and Lupo, PRL
Components of Path Dependence of the Agricultural Property Market in Poland
Authors: Zaleczna Magdalena
Published: January 2018

Agricultural real property has economic and social significance. An inseparable aspect of it is a historically and culturally shaped structure of ownership. The possibility of converting production of food into more profitable activity fans conflicts between the business-minded holders of farmland and the legislature seeking to protect the agricultural use of land, which have economic, but also social and political dimensions. Laws evolve in time and space, ranging from strict restrictions on transactions in land and few possibilities of changing its use to complete freedom of land use and disposal, with many intermediate solutions. This study is an outcome of author’s interest in the broad context of changes occurring in this market. The article identifies the market’s characteristics and its institutions, events, processes and mechanisms that provide insight into the present level of its institutional development.

In the author’s opinion, tracing back the development of the Polish agricultural property market is useful for identifying opportunities that were missed and threats arising from ‘path dependence’. The author studies the course of development of institutions, events and historic processes using desk research, analyses the findings of the available studies, and enhances the research process with creative thinking.
Repeat Assessed Values Model for Housing Price Index
Authors: Carini Manuela , Ciuna Marina , De Ruggiero Manuela , Salvo Francesca , Simonotti Marco
Published: January 2018

This study proposes an innovative methodology, named Repeat Appraised Price Model (RAV), useful for determining the price index numbers for real estate markets and the corresponding index numbers of hedonic prices of main real estate characteristics in the case of a lack of data. The methodological approach proposed in this paper aims to appraise the time series of price index numbers. It integrates the principles of the method of repeat sales with the peculiarities of the Hedonic Price Method, overcoming the problem of an almost total absence of repeat sales for the same property in a given time range; on the other hand, the technique aims to overcome the limitation of the repeat sales technique concerning the inability to take into account the characteristics of individual properties.
Compensation for Real Properties Acquired for Roads in Different Procedures - Comparative Analysis
Authors: Barańska Anna
Published: January 2018

Real properties acquired for the so-called public purpose, such as road investments, generate a one-off financial indemnity in the form of compensation paid to the expropriated owner. Due to the different possible modes of expropriation (pursuant to the Real Estate Management Act or the Special Road Act), the amount of the compensation due may be determined in different ways, which entails a variety of results. The article compares the compensation levels determined in two possible procedures: basing on the predominant use of the adjacent areas or on data from the transactions of real properties intended for public roads.

The conducted analyses demonstrated that the differences between these two types of compensation for land intended for development, established under two different expropriation procedures, are insignificant.
Do ovarian reserve markers predict the subsequent pregnancy outcomes in women with recurrent pregnancy loss?
Authors: Yildirim Gonca Yetkin , Celik Hale Goksever , Koroglu Nadiye , Karakus Esra
Published: January 2018

Objective(s)

Chromosomal abnormalities are more commonly seen in embryos with decreased oocyte quality. Therefore aneuploidy due to diminished ovarian reserve may be one of the causative reasons of RPL. We investigated the relationship between ovarian reserve markers especially serum antimullerian hormone (AMH) level and antral follicle count (AFC) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).

Materials and methods

This prospective cross-sectional clinical trial including 88 women with RPL and 84 age-matched women without RPL.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in body mass index, live birth number, menstrual cycle length, AFC and serum AMH level between groups. There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding age, menstrual cycle regularity and serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels. The percentage of women with levels of AMH<1 was 21.4% in the RPL group and 11.4% in the control group. AFC <7 in both ovaries was lower in the RPL group when compared with the control group (73.8% vs 44.3%, respectively).

Conclusion(s)

Serum AMH levels and AFC can be assessed in patients with RPL as a part of the work up parameters. Lower Serum AMH levels and AFC especially may predict the quantity of oocytes that may be consequently be related with RPL.
Wie immanent ist die immanente Kritik? Soziologische Einwände gegen Widerspruchs­freiheit als Ideal der Sozialkritik
Authors: Weißmann Martin
Published: January 2018

Der erste Teil des Artikels zeigt auf Grundlage der Analyse von Arbeiten zeitgenössischer Kritischer Theoretikerinnen (Honneth, Jaeggi, Stahl), dass die von ihnen angewandte Methode immanenter Sozialkritik ihr Versprechen nicht einlösen kann, ein soziales Gebilde nur an solchen Normen zu messen, die in diesem Gebilde selbst vertreten werden. Zu den von den immanenten Kritikerinnen extern in die Kritik eingebrachten Normen zählt neben konkreten Werthaltungen wie der Ablehnung ökonomischer Ungleichheit sowie abstrakteren Plädoyers etwa für selbstreflexive und lernfähige soziale Gebilde vor allem das jeder Form immanenter Kritik zugrundeliegende formale Ideal widerspruchsfreier Sozialität. Der zweite Teil des Artikels entwickelt die These, dass eine soziologische Thematisierung normativer Widersprüche im Gegensatz zur immanenten Kritik und weiteren Formen der (akademischen) Sozialkritik die Form und das Maß der einem sozialen Gebilde ‚bekömmlichen‘ Widerspruchsfreiheit als eine prinzipiell empirisch bestimmbareVariablebehandeln und dabei insofernsymmetrischvorgehen muss, als sie neben den Unkosten auch die Vorzüge systematisch widersprüchlich strukturierter sozialer Gebilde herausarbeitet.
Zum Zusammenwirken von Normen und Anreizen bei Fertilitätsentscheidungen
Authors: Arránz Becker Oliver , Lois Daniel
Published: January 2018

Die Erklärung des Geburtenverhaltens und seines Wandels ist seit jeher ein primäres Anliegen sozialdemographischer Forschung. In der Literatur wurden bislang zwei Arten von Einflussgrößen in mikrosoziologischen Erklärungen von Fertilitätsentscheidungen berücksichtigt: Zum einen ökonomische Faktoren, welche die (Schatten-)Preise von Kindern determinieren, zum anderen pronatalistische Normen und Werte, wie sie unter anderem in christlichen Religionen propagiert werden. Weitgehend ungeklärt ist jedoch bislang das Zusammenspiel solcher anreizbezogenen und normativen Fertilitätsdeterminanten. Analysen an einem Paneldatensatz zeigen, dass Religion in der säkularisierten deutschen Gesellschaft zwar vordergründig keine prominentedirekteRolle bei Fertilitätsentscheidungen zu spielen scheint, aber dennoch auf zweiindirektenWegen Einfluss erlangt: erstens als Verstärker positiver Bewertungen von Kindern, welche dann im Rahmen einer augenscheinlich „rationalen“ Kosten-Nutzen-Abwägung eine Familiengründung begünstigen; und zweitens als Randbedingung für RC-Erklärungen, welche umso erklärungskräftiger werden, je stärker konfessionelle und religiöse Bindungen an Bedeutung verlieren.
La reforma de la justicia como presupuesto para los derechos humanos y el desarrollo económico, en atención especial a la justicia penal
Authors: Cuarezma Terán Sergio J. , Meza Córdoba Lea Marina
Published: January 2018

El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la reforma de la justicia como presupuesto para el desarrollo de los derechos humanos y el desarrollo económico, y el impacto de la justicia basada en criterios de naturaleza económica en materia de justicia penal.
La ponderación de la apariencia del buen derecho, la tutela jurisdiccional y el debido proceso legal en la justicia constitucional de México
Authors: Elizalde Castañeda Rodolfo Rafael , Hinojosa Vara Socorro Rosaura
Published: January 2018

En este trabajo se investiga si el principio de la ponderación de la apariencia del  buen derecho surgió efectivamente en México, con la reforma constitucional del 6 de junio de 2011; o, si por el contrario, los jueces federales han estado siempre obligados a aplicar dicho principio en relación con la suspensión del acto reclamado en el juicio de amparo a la luz de los derechos fundamentales de la tutela jurisdiccional y el debido proceso legal en el ámbito del derecho procesal constitucional. Asimismo, examina la relación que existe entre los mencionados derechos fundamentales con el nuevo principio de la ponderación de la apariencia del buen derecho.
El peligro de sustracción del imputado como criterio valorativo para la imposición de la prisión preventiva
Authors: Rangel Solano Karina Guadalupe
Published: January 2018

El uso racional de la prisión preventiva se constituye como una de las principales metas del nuevo sistema de justicia penal, que busca modificar el abuso sistemático de la misma. En esa medida, el criterio del peligro de sustracción del imputado al proceso y sus pautas legales, contribuyen a esa finalidad como instrumento valorativo. La interpretación jurídica que de tal criterio y de sus pautas legales, ha realizado el operador jurídico, no es pacífica, su indeterminación legal ha generado embates y criterios encontrados, por lo que se busca clarificar el significado de dichas pautas, en aras de promover la uniformidad o previsibilidad de sentidos y criterios interpretativos, que se configuran como elemento indispensable para la seguridad jurídica en un Estado democrático y de derecho. Con esa finalidad se desarrollan las pautas legales desde el punto de vista teórico, tarea para la cual resultó necesario previamente el pronunciamiento general y sintético sobre la naturaleza jurídica de la que goza la prisión preventiva, las finalidades de la misma, así como los principios de presunción de inocencia, proporcionalidad y de mínima intervención, mismos que en su conjunto se constituyen como parámetros orientativos ineludibles que permiten dar contenido significativo a aquel criterio y sus pautas legales, y a su vez, limitar la actividad del operador jurídico, en aras del respeto irrestricto a la libertad individual.
Genomic Understanding of an Infectious Brain Disease from the Desert
Authors: Moreno Leandro F , Ahmed Abdalla A O , Brankovics Balázs , Cuomo Christina A , Menken Steph B J , Taj-Aldeen Saad J , Faidah Hani , Stielow J Benjamin , Teixeira Marcus de M , Prenafeta-Boldú Francesc X , Vicente Vania A , de Hoog Sybren
Published: January 2018

Rhinocladiella mackenziei accounts for the majority of fungal brain infections in the Middle East, and is restricted to the arid climate zone between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. Neurotropic dissemination caused by this fungus has been reported in immunocompromised, but also immunocompetent individuals. If untreated, the infection is fatal. Outside of humans, the environmental niche of R. mackenziei is unknown, and the fungus has been only cultured from brain biopsies. In this paper, we describe the whole-genome resequencing of two R. mackenziei strains from patients in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. We assessed intraspecies variation and genetic signatures to uncover the genomic basis of the pathogenesis, and potential niche adaptations. We found that the duplicated genes (paralogs) are more susceptible to accumulating significant mutations. Comparative genomics with other filamentous ascomycetes revealed a diverse arsenal of genes likely engaged in pathogenicity, such as the degradation of aromatic compounds and iron acquisition. In addition, intracellular accumulation of trehalose and choline suggests possible adaptations to the conditions of an arid climate region. Specifically, protein family contractions were found, including short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) (E-class), and the G-protein β WD-40 repeat. Gene composition and metabolic potential indicate extremotolerance and hydrocarbon assimilation, suggesting a possible environmental habitat of oil-polluted desert soil.
Outcome of Preterm Infants With Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Gunkel Julia , de Vries Linda S. , Jongmans Marian , Koopman-Esseboom Corine , van Haastert Ingrid C. , Eijsermans Maria C.J. , van Stam Carolien , van Zanten Bert G.A. , Wolfs Tom F.W. , Nijman Joppe
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To assess whether preterm infants with postnatal cytomegalovirus infection develop neurologic sequelae in early childhood.

METHODS:

Infants <32 weeks’ gestation were prospectively screened for cytomegalovirus (CMV) at term-equivalent age. Neurodevelopment was compared between CMV-positive and CMV-negative infants by using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (GMDS) at 16 months’ corrected age (CA); the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition or the GMDS at 24 to 30 months’ CA; and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Third Edition and Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition at 6 years of age. At 6 years old, hearing was assessed in CMV-positive children.

RESULTS:

Neurodevelopment was assessed in 356 infants at 16 months’ CA, of whom 49 (14%) were infected and 307 (86%) were noninfected. Infected infants performed significantly better on the GMDS locomotor scale. There were no differences at 24 to 30 months’ CA on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition or GMDS. At 6 years of age, infected children scored lower on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Third Edition, but mean scores were within normal range, reaching significance only in verbal IQ (96 [SD 17] vs 103 [SD 15] points; P = .046). Multiple regression indicated no impact of CMV status but significant influence of maternal education and ethnicity on verbal IQ. No significant differences in motor development were found and none of the infected children developed sensorineural hearing loss.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this cohort study, postnatal cytomegalovirus infection in preterm children did not have an adverse effect on neurodevelopment within the first 6 years of life.
INSULAR SOURCES AND ANALOGUES OF THE OTHERWORLD IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH SIR ORFEO
Authors: Sánchez Martí Jordi
Published: January 2018

The Middle English Sir Orfeo presents a medievalized version of the classical myth of Orpheus that shows the influence of Celtic lore. Modern scholars seem to have accepted the views of A. J. Bliss, the editor of the Middle English romance, who argues that the English text is a translation of an Anglo-Norman or Old French version. Since we have no textual evidence that can positively support Bliss’s hypothesis, this article tests the possibility that the Middle English romance actually represents an insular tradition of the Orpheus myth that originated in Anglo-Saxon times with King Alfred’s rendering of the story and continued evolving by means of oral-memorial transmission until the fourteenth century, when the English romance was written down in the Auchinleck manuscript.
Clinical profile of neonatal candidiasis in newborn nursery
Authors: James Mary , J. S. Anuja , Ninan Praveen Jacob
Published: January 2018

Background: Candidiasis refers to infection with fungi of the genus candida. Candida infections are frequent and major causes of septicemia in neonatal intensive care units and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight preterm infants are especially vulnerable to these devastating infections. Candida infections are a major cause of septicemia in neonatal ICUs and may affect 1.6% to 12.9% of very low birth weight infants. The smaller the infant is, the greater is the likelihood for systemic fungal infection to develop.Methods: 40 Newborns with culture proven candidiasis admitted in new-born nursery of Government T. D Medical College, Alappuzha, were selected for the study. The significance of different parameters such as gender, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, duration of hospital stays, central venous catheter and use of third generation cephalosporins were analysed. Clinical profile like apnoea, feed intolerance, requirement of ventilator support, temperature instability, thrombocytopenia, hyperglycemia etc. were analyzed.Results: Out of 40 newborns 39 were preterms, 42% of study population were having a birth weight of 1-1.5 kg, 33% with a birth weight of 1.5-2 kg and 20% with a birth weight of <1 kg.75% of the study population were hospitalized for >1 week. In the study group 58% had feed intolerance, 52.5% needed ventilator support, 52.5% had temperature instability, 70% had thrombocytopenia 50% had apnea and 4% had hyperglycemia. The overall survival was 60%.Conclusions: Prematurity, low birth weight and prolonged hospital stay were associated with increased risk of candidiasis. Feed intolerance, increased need for ventilator support, apnea, temperature instability and thrombocytopenia were significant clinical parameters.
Qualidade da educação nas escolas públicas no Brasil: uma análise da relação investimento por aluno e desempenho nas avaliações nacionais
Authors: Moraes Joysi , Dias Bruno Francisco Batista , Mariano Sandra Regina Holanda
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo, adotou-se a perspectiva econômica da educação. Esta abordagem assume que a qualidade do ensino pode ser mensurada pela eficácia do uso dos recursos disponíveis. Assim, foi analisada a correlação entre investimento por aluno no ensino fundamental, de 2005 a 2015 (desde o início da série histórica à última avaliação), e os resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb) de cada estado. Na análise por região (Norte, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul), as redes de ensino que melhor utilizaram os recursos disponíveis foram as de Roraima, Pernambuco, Goiás, Minas Gerais e Paraná. No ranking nacional, apenas nos estados de Minas Gerais, Pernambuco e Goiás, verificou-se correlação entre a melhoria da aprendizagem dos estudantes, medida pelo Ideb, e o aumento do investimento por aluno.
A periferia de São Paulo: revendo discursos, atualizando o debate
Authors: Nascimento Érica Peçanha do
Published: January 2018

Doutoranda pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da USP e pesquisadora do NUMAS - Núcleo de Estudos sobre Marcadores Sociais da Diferença. Bolsista da Fundação Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo.
Foliar Fungicide Effects on Disease Severity, Yield, and Agronomic Characteristics of Modern Winter Wheat Genotypes
Authors: Bhatta Madhav , Regassa Teshome , Wegulo Stephen N. , Baenziger P. Stephen
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Foliar fungicide application at the flag leaf stage (Zadoks 39) improved grain yield and grain protein content.

One time application of foliar fungicide resulted in economic returns up to US$204 ha–1.

Grain volume weight, grain size, leaf area index, and leaf greenness were improved from foliar fungicide application at the flag leaf stage.

Foliar diseases limit winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the Great Plains of the United States. Farmers often use foliar fungicide application to counter yield loss. Two‐year field experiments were conducted at two locations in Nebraska to investigate the effects of foliar fungicide (Prosaro 421 SC [Bayer Crop Science, Leverkusen, Germany]: prothioconazole + tebuconazole) at the flag leaf stage on yield and agronomic characteristics of winter wheat. Foliar fungicide application increased grain yield, grain protein content, seed weight, grain volume weight, leaf greenness, and leaf area by up to 42, 1, 16, 6, 48, and 35%, respectively. Foliar fungicide at the flag leaf stage in the spring reduced disease severity (up to 84%), area under disease progress curve (up to 87%), and agronomic characteristics that resulted in economic returns of up to US$204 ha−1 excluding the premium farmers get from increased protein. Susceptible to moderately susceptible genotypes were more responsive to foliar fungicide on controlling disease severity and improving grain yield compared to moderately resistant to resistant genotype when disease pressure was high. This study showed that the economic benefit for all genotypes obtained from improved grain yield, grain volume weight, grain protein content, and grain size due to one‐time application of foliar fungicide at the flag leaf stage in winter wheat could have significant benefit to the farmer’s economy and wheat industry.
Vertical Distribution of Ergot Alkaloids in the Vegetative Canopy of Tall Fescue
Authors: Kenyon Sarah L. , Roberts Craig A. , Kallenbach Robert L. , Lory John A. , Kerley Monty S. , Rottinghaus George E. , Hill Nicholas S. , Ellersieck Mark R.
Published: January 2018

Ergot alkaloids are toxins produced byEpichloë coenophiala(Morgan‐Jones & W. Gams) C.W. Bacon & Schardl, a fungal endophyte that infects tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum(Schreb.) Darbysh.] and causes fescue toxicosis in livestock. Previous studies have reported the distribution of ergovaline among anatomical parts during reproductive development. This study was conducted to determine the vertical distribution of ergovaline and total ergot alkaloids throughout the vegetative canopy of tall fescue. Between October 2012 and April 2014, whole tillers were harvested four times from a stand ofEpichloë‐infected ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue near Alton, MO. Harvests occurred in April before boot stage and in October before killing frost. Tillers were sliced into four segments: 0 to 5, 5 to 10, 10 to 15, and >15 cm, where 0 cm was the soil level, and >15 cm was the top of the canopy. Segments were analyzed for ergovaline and total ergot alkaloids. For tillers harvested in April, ergovaline concentration averaged 272 μg kg−1dry matter (DM) in the 0‐ to 5‐cm segment and decreased linearly upward through the canopy. In October, break‐point regression indicated that ergovaline concentration averaged 1121 μg kg−1DM in the 0‐ to 5‐cm segment and ≥70% less above 5 cm. Total ergot alkaloid distribution patterns resembled ergovaline distribution in October; total ergot alkaloids averaged 2585 μg kg−1DM in the 0‐ to 5‐cm segment and >60% less in the upper portion of the canopy. These findings should encourage field advisors to consider variation of toxicity within the canopy of tall fescue when formulating grazing recommendations.
Mepiquat Chloride Effects on Castor Growth and Yield: Spraying Time, Rate, and Management
Authors: Souza‐Schlick Genivaldo D. , Soratto Rogério P. , Fernandes Adalton M. , Martins Jéssyca D. L.
Published: January 2018

The use of plant growth regulators on castor (Ricinus communis L.) plants may be an alternative to reduce excessive vegetative growth, which would ease harvest and even increase seed and oil yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of both spraying time and rate of the plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride (MC) on growth parameters, yield components, seed yield, and seed oil content of castor cultivar IAC 2028 cultivated under high plant population density conditions in a spring–summer growing season in Botucatu, southeastern Brazil. One greenhouse experiment and two field experiments were performed. Mepiquat chloride application reduced leaf growth, height, and dry matter (DM) and increased the shoot/root ratio of castor plants. When sprayed during the vegetative phase (expanded leaf at nodes 6–8 of the primary stem), MC reduced the height and DM of castor plants; however, application during the first raceme flowering or at two sequential times (expanded leaf at the eighth node of the primary stem and third expanded leaf on a secondary stem) was more effective at reducing plant height and increasing seed yield. Spray rates between 100 and 200 g a.i. ha−1 of MC resulted in lower plant height and a greater number of filled fruits per raceme (24.0–38.8%), seed weight (2.6% in one experiment), and seed yield (17.4–33.1%). The increased number of filled fruits per raceme in response to MC application influenced seed yield. Mepiquat chloride spraying did not affect castor seed oil content.
Numerical modeling on sediment capture in catch basins
Authors: Yang Haoming , Zhu David Z. , Li Lin
Published: January 2018

Catch basins are designed to convey surface runoff into sewer systems. They are also found to be effective in retaining sediments. A number of factors can influence catch basin sediment capture efficiency, such as sediment size distribution, flow hydraulics and catch basin design. To better understand the influence of these factors, numerical simulations using the Eulerian-Lagrangian method were conducted to provide insights into flow fields and to predict sediment capture rates. The numerical model was validated using previous experimental measurements of flow field and sediment capture rates for sediment sizes larger than 0.25 mm. The influence of catch basin designs, including the bottom sump and inflow arrangements, was also studied, and an equation was developed for predicting the capture rate.
The Common Law in Australia: Its Nature and Constitutional Significance
Authors: Zines Leslie
Published: January 2018

This article originally was published as a Law and Policy Paper. The Law and Policy Papers series was established in 1994 by the Centre for International and Public Law in the Faculty of Law, the Australian National University. The series publishes papers contributing to understanding and discussion on matters relating to law and public policy, especially those that are the subject of contemporary debate. In 1999 the papers were published jointly by the Centre for International and Public Law and The Federation Press. This article is reproduced in the Federal Law Review with the permission of the original publishers.
The Influence of Particle Size and Protein Content in Particle-Filled Myofibrillar Protein Gels
Authors: Gravelle Andrew J. , Marangoni Alejandro G. , Barbut Shai
Published: January 2018

The addition of glass microspheres as a model insoluble, hydrophilic filler in comminuted meat gels was investigated. The influence of protein content (9, 11, and 13%), filler size (∼4 μm, 7 to 10 μm, and 30 to 50 μm), and volume fraction filler (ϕf) on the microstructure, cooking losses, and large deformation/textural properties were evaluated. Microstructural analysis indicated the glass microspheres did not strongly interact with the gel matrix. For all protein levels investigated, cooking losses decreased with increasing ϕf, and this impact was more pronounced with smaller filler particles. The textural attributes of the 9 and 11% protein gels exhibited a similar dependence on filler size. When incorporating the 4 μm and 7 to 10 μm particles at increasing ϕf, the Hardness, Resilience, Cohesiveness, and Springiness all displayed a sharp increase to a plateau. The larger 30 to 50 μm particles exhibited no increase in any of the textural properties until higher ϕf were employed. In the 13% protein gels, the influence of the particles were diminished, and the effect of particle size was substantially reduced. The influence of these insoluble model filler particles was attributed to their ability to decrease the mobility of the aqueous phase, which explains their minor impact on more stable formulations. Through this work, it has been demonstrated that micrometer-sized hydrophilic particles have the potential to improve the stability and enhance the textural properties of comminuted meat gels. These findings suggest that micrometer-sized inert particles might function as an effective stabilizer in comminuted meat batters at low concentrations.
Application of Food-Grade Ingredients to Nets for Dry Cured Hams to Control Mite Infestations
Authors: Zhang Xue , Campbell Yan L. , Phillips Thomas W. , Abbar Salehe , Goddard Jerome , Schilling M. Wes
Published: January 2018

Infestations of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank; Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae), known as the ham mite, may occur on dry cured hams during the aging process. The fumigant methyl bromide is currently used to control mite infestations, but it will eventually not be available for use since it contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer. The use of ham nets treated with xanthan gum, carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, and propylene glycol food-grade ingredients on mite orientation to or oviposition on treated or untreated ham cubes, and mite reproduction and population growth over a 10-wk period was evaluated. Behavioral tests indicated that more than 95% of the mites oriented to the ham cubes that were wrapped in untreated nets when compared to treated nets and no eggs were laid on the latter. The reproduction assays demonstrated that there were fewer (P < 0.05) T. putrescentiae produced over a 2-wk period on ham cubes covered with both gum and propylene glycol treated nets, when compared to the untreated or gum-only treated nets over the 10-wk storage period of the experiment. Medium and high concentrations of propylene glycol treatments showed the lowest reproductive rates of mites. No more than 4 mites could be found on each of these treatments in comparison to 200 to 300 mites that were recorded on the untreated hams. This study demonstrated efficacy of using the nets treated with food-grade ingredients during ham aging to control mite infestations on a laboratory scale. Further research will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the same treated nets on whole hams in commercial aging rooms.
Mite Control and Sensory Evaluations of Dry-Cured Hams with Food-Grade Coatings
Authors: Campbell Y. L. , Zhao Y. , Zhang X. , Abbar S. , Phillips T. W. , Schilling M. W.
Published: January 2018

The ham mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank; Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae), is the predominant pest of dry-cured pork during aging. This research was conducted 1) to determine the minimal concentrations of propylene glycol necessary for food grade coatings to control mites; and 2) to determine if sensory differences could be detected in hams that were treated with food grade coatings in commercial facilities using difference from control sensory tests. Ham cubes coated with either xanthan gum + 15% propylene glycol or propylene glycol alginate + carrageenan + 7.5% propylene glycol were the lowest propylene glycol concentrations that were effective (P < 0.05) at controlling mite infestations under laboratory conditions. Whole hams from commercial plants that were dipped with coatings were slightly different (P < 0.05) from the non-dipped control hams with respect to flavor, texture and moistness in the first trial. However, hams sprayed with coatings, a lower-cost application than dipping, did not cause sensory differences (P > 0.05) when compared to the control with respect to flavor, texture, moistness, and weight loss in trial 2. This research indicated that dry-cured ham processors could potentially spray these coatings on dry-cured hams during aging to control mite infestations in their plants without negatively impacting the sensory quality of the hams.
Caught on Camera
Authors: Heintzelman Sara C. , Bathon Justin M.
Published: January 2018

In Texas, state policy anticipates that installing video cameras in special education classrooms will decrease student abuse inflicted by teachers. Lawmakers assume that collecting video footage will prevent teachers from engaging in malicious actions and prosecute those who choose to harm children. At the request of a parent, Section 29.022 of the Texas Education Code (2015) will protect students who are unable to speak for themselves from bullying and abuse by installing video surveillance cameras in special education classrooms. The purpose of this article is to describe the law in Texas, the impact of the bill on classrooms, to raise questions about the implementation of the law, and to provide recommendations for school administrators.
Hvor skal talen komme fra? Dialogen som omsiggribende ledelsesteknologi
Authors: Peter Karlsen Mads , Villadsen Kaspar
Published: January 2018

Artiklen tager afsæt i den udbredelse af dialog som ledelsesinstrument, som har kunnet iagttages de senere år inden for mange forskellige velfærdsområder. Den fremlægger den påstand, at der er ved at ske en forskydning i ledelsesrelationerne, som indebærer, at den før talende ekspert — lægen, sundhedsrådgiveren, socialarbejderen, lederen — nu skal tale mindre, mens den førhen tavse — patienten, den udstødte, medarbejderen — nu skal tale mere. Hermed ser vi altså en forandring i, hvem der har mulighed for at fremsige noget gyldigt om det, der skal ledes. Udgangspunktet for denne omvending er en moderne vestlig forestilling om, at den tavse nødvendigvis må være undertrykt eller berøvet for ansvar, mens talen udgør vejen til frisættelse. Artiklen viser imidlertid, hvordan dialogen ordner den talendes tale, således at bestemte former for selv-ledelse bliver mulig. Karlsen & Villadsen viser, hvordan såvel sundhedsfremme, socialt arbejde og lederudvikling udøves med reference til en særlig subjekt-konstruktion, nemlig "det spaltede subjekt", som både rummer god vilje og modvilje. Artiklens diagnose søger altså at udlæse en generel tendens; imidlertid viser analyserne også, hvordan dialog-teknologien antager forskellig udformning inden for de specifikke faglige og institutionelle felter, som den indgår i.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Mads Peter Karlsen & Kaspar Villadsen: Who Should Do the Talking? The Proliferation of Dialogue as Governmental Technology

This article investigates the recent proliferation of appeals to “dialogue“ as a solution to problems in a wide range of institutional settings in Denmark, public as well as private. Instead of bureaucratic, top-down management and expert driven public services, we are told that we need “dialogue based“ management, health care, elder care, social counselling and so on. Dialogue is often presented as a tool that will reverse the stifling dominance of authoritative expertise and leadership, liberating the energy, innovative potential and desires of employees, clients and patients. We argue, however, that dialogue is not simply a governmental technological tool that can be utilised by some to liberate or govern others or govern nature. Any technology structures actions and this means that “the governors“ also inevitably exercise power over themselves. This article demonstrates how dialogue technology restructures institutionalised domains of speech and thus contributes to reconfiguring interrelations and relations to oneself within modern society.

Key words: governmentality, dialogues, governmental technology, preventive dialogue, outreach social work, 360 degrees evaluation.
Fattigdom, social eksklusion og boligforhold
Authors: Kristensen Jytte , Elm Larsen Jørgen
Published: January 2018

Formålet med artiklen er primært at belyse, hvordan boligforholdene for fattige og socialt ekskluderede i Danmark har udviklet sig i perioden fra 1976 til 2000. Artiklen viser, at boligforholdene udgør en helt afgørende markør på socioøkonomiske uligheder i det danske samfund. Dem, der er fattige, socialt ekskluderede og som har et dårligt helbred, har langt ringere boligforhold end andre, og der er en klar intersektionalitet mellem forskellige, sårbare socioøkonomiske positioner. Artiklen viser endvidere, at der er en klar skillelinje mellem ejere og lejere i forhold til disse sårbare socioøkonomiske positioner. Lejere har for det første ringere boligforhold end ejere, og for det andet er de økonomiske uligheder mellem ejere og lejere øget markant inden for de seneste år på grund af stigende uligheder i indkomster og formuer. Artiklen giver således som noget nyt i dansk socialforskning et samlet overblik over økonomiske, sociale og boligstandardmæssige uligheder mellem dels ejere og lejere og dels mellem fattige og socialt ekskluderede og resten af befolkningen.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Jytte Kristensen & Jørgen Elm Larsen: Poverty, Social Exclusion and Housing Conditions

The purpose of this article is to examine how housing conditions for poor and socially excluded people in Denmark have developed between 1976 and 2000. The article shows that housing conditions are a decisive marker of socio-economic inequalities in Danish society. People who are poor, socially excluded, and have poor health have poorer housing conditions than others. There is a clear intersectionality between the different vulnerable socio-economic positions. The analysis indicates that there is an unmistakable dividing line between owners and tenants as regards these vulnerable socio-economic positions. Firstly tenants have poorer housing conditions than owners, and secondly the economic inequalities between owners and tenants have increased in recent years primarily due to increasing inequalities in income and wealth. The article contributes to existing scientific knowledge about housing and inequality by drawing together both existing and new evidence about the economic, social and housing inequalities between owners and tenants and between poor and social excluded people and the rest of the population.

Key words: Housing conditions, poverty, social exclusion, health conditions, inequality.