bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPAIRED H‐2 EXPRESSION IN B 16 MELANOMA VARIANTS
Authors: Nanni P. , Colombo M. P. , Giovanni C. De , Lollini P.‐L. , Nicoletti G. , Parmiani G. , Prodi G.
Published: April 2007

We studied the expression of H‐2b alloantigens in three different B16 melanoma lines cultured in vitro, Cell lines were B16‐F1 and two cell cultures (named B16‐A and B16‐B) newly derived from two different in vivo sublines of B16 melanoma. The assays used were in vivo tumour growth in allogeneic (BALB/c and B10.BR) as compared to syngeneic mice, in vitro cell‐mediated cytotoxicity by anti‐H‐2b immune lymphocytes and absorption of anti‐H‐2b antisera activity. The B16‐F1 line was able to efficiently kill allogeneic hosts, could not be lysed by anti‐H‐2b cytotoxic effectors and did not express any serologically detectable amount of H‐2b alloantigens. The B16‐A line was H‐2 positive during the early in vitro passages, then, at the 8th–10th passages, it acquired the capacity to kill allogeneic hosts, lost the sensitivity to anti‐H‐2b cytotoxic effectors and the H‐2Kb antigens became undetectable. The expression of H‐2Db was reduced, although at a lower degree. Similar data were obtained with B 16‐B cells, which after 10 in vitro passages grew and killed allogeneic hosts, showed a decreased sensitivity to cytotoxic anti‐H‐2b effectors and a very low expression of the K region antigens. The results indicate that H‐2 expression is altered in B 16 melanoma lines and this may influence the different metastatic capacity of such cells.
MURINE CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS: RESISTANCE IN RECONSTITUTED NUDE MICE AND SEVERAL F1 HYBRIDS INFECTED WITH LEISHMANIA TROPICA MAJOR
Authors: Mitchell G. F.
Published: April 2007

After cutaneous injection of promastigotes of an isolate of the intramacrophage protozoan parasite, Leishmania tropica major, mouse strains develop chronic cutaneous lesions or show a resolving pattern of disease. On this basis, they can be classified as resistant (e.g. CBA/H and C57BL/6) or susceptible (e.g. BALB/c, BALB/c.H‐2b and BALB/c.H‐2k). Hypothymic nude (nu/nu) mice of either BALB/c, CBA/H or C57BL/6 genotype are susceptible to chronic disease. However, nude mice of these genotypes, including BALB/c, are resistant to chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis when injected at the time of parasite challenge with small numbers of H‐2 compatible lymphoid cells from normal mice. Nude mice remain susceptible when injected with fully H‐2 incompatible cells. Using cells from H‐2 mutant mice for reconstitution of resistance in C57BL/6.nu/nu mice, evidence was obtained that I region compatibility is necessary for cells to mediate host‐protective effects. Cells from chronically‐diseased BALB/c mice do not have protective effects in BALB/c.nu/nu mice at any cell dose and will abrogate the resistance‐promoting effect of lymphoid cell populations from chronically‐diseased BALB/c.H‐2k and BALB/c.H‐2b mice can be demonstrated when assayed at certain cell doses in H‐2 compatible CBA/H.nu/nu and C57BL/6.nu/nu mice, respectively. The data suggest that chronically‐diseased (genetically‐susceptible) mice contain a mixture of resistance‐promoting and disease‐promoting T cells in their peripheral lymphoid organs and that expression of the resistance‐promoting subset can occur in nude mice of resistant genotype. Previous data have indicated that Lyl+2− T cells are efficient mediators of both T cell‐dependent activities. No evidence for the operation of disease‐promoting or resistance‐promoting antibodies in perpetuation or resolution of disease has been obtained in extensive serum transfer experiments. Some discrepancies exist in the literature on the question of the dominance of susceptibility or resistance in F1 hybrid mice. A re‐examination of susceptibility/resistance in F1 hybrids between BALB/c and several other parental strains was undertaken using cloned pathogenic promastigotes derived from a heterogeneous L. t. major isolate in order to reduce effects of parasite heterogeneity in the analysis. Resistance was dominant in some but not all F1 hybrids, with most showing a delayed healing pattern of disease relative to the resistant parental strain. Despite the use of genetically‐homogeneous parasites, the analysis was complicated by variability within groups of F1 hybrid mice as well as between males and females and between F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses. A hypothesis based on antigen and H‐2 expression on infected macrophages is advanced to account for the balance between the effects of resistance‐promoting and disease‐promoting Lyl+2− T cells in mice of various genotypes.
ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS‐INDUCED TUMOURS IN MICE: II. CONTRIBUTION OF H‐2 AND NON‐H‐2 ALLOANTIGEN BARRIERS TO TUMOUR IMMUNOGENICITY IN VIVO
Authors: Forni G. , Giovarelli M. , Sarzotti M. , Whitmore A. C.
Published: April 2007

The features of the immune recognition of a murine fibrosarcoma induced by Rous sarcoma virus were tested in histocompatible and histoincompatible mice. No evidence of a genetic regulation of spontaneous reactivity to tumour‐associated antigens was found in various histocompatible F1 hybrids. Incompatibility in multiple minor histocompatibility antigens triggers a host reaction incapable of causing tumour rejection in some cases. The growth rate of incipient tumours is unaffected, whereas that of already visible tumoour masses is significantly delayed. Admixture to the challenge of inactivated leukocytes bearing the same minor histocompatibility antigens as the tumour triggers a significantly stronger reaction. The reaction of hosts incompatible in the H‐2K or H‐2DL regions is quite efficient. However, the intensity of the immune reaction to H‐2DLs antigens displayed by tumour cells is markedly dependent on the alleles of genes located in the central regions of the H‐2 complex.
IMMUNE RESPONSES TO HAPTEN‐LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE CONJUGATES IN MICE: III. GENETICS OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGENS
Authors: Skelly Regina R. , Ahmed A. , Munkenbeck Priscilla , Morrison D. C.
Published: April 2007

Antibody responses to the polysaccharide antigens of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and their hapten derivatives are herein documented to be under multigenic control. Among the genes responsible for the antibody response to these polysaccharide antigens include those coded for by genes located on the X chromosome and those on chromosome 17 linked to genes in the H‐2 and/or Qa loci. The use of B10 congenic mice revealed that two genes on chromosome 17 are involved in the regulation of the antibody response to bacterial polysaccharide antigens. The use of CXB recombinant inbred mice confirmed the multigenic control of the antibody response within their background array of genes. The data clearly demonstrate that immune responses to these polysaccharide antigens are under genetic control, the importance of which may be of significance with regard to humoral protection during gram‐negative infection.
T‐LYMPHOCYTE RECOGNITION OF SPERM‐WHALE MYOGLOBIN. SPECIFICITY OF T‐CELL RECOGNITION FOLLOWING NEONATAL TOLERANCE WITH EITHER MYOGLOBIN OR SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES OF AN ANTIGENIC SITE
Authors: Young C. R. , Atassi M. Z.
Published: April 2007

Recently, in investigating the responses of T‐cell from high responder mice that were primed with myoglobin (Mb) or with synthetic peptides containing antigenic site 5 and increasing in length stepwise by increments of two residues, we observed that T‐cell recognition was highly dependent on conformation. In the present studies, tolerization experiments were carried out to further investigate this finding. Neonatal mice (BALB/cByJ) were either tolerized with Mb or with synthetic peptides of Mb containing antigenic site 5. Tolerization with Mb and subsequent immunization with Mb gave T‐cells that did not proliferate in vitro to Mb or any of the peptides. T‐cells from mice that were tolerized with a truncated peptide 139‐153 (having deletions at Tyr‐151 and Ala‐144) and subsequently immunized with Mb proliferated in vitro to Mb and to peptides 132‐153, 135‐153 and 143‐153. T‐cells from mice that were tolerized with native Mb and subsequently immunized with peptides (which are unfolded in solution) did not proliferate in vitro to Mb, but responded well to the peptides. Conversely, tolerization with peptides had no effect on the recognition of, and the response to, native Mb by the T‐cells, whereas the response to the peptides was completely removed. It was thus concluded that the recognition of protein antigens (or at least of Mb) by T‐cells is (like the recognition by antibody) dependent on the conformation of the antigen.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HAEMOGLOBIN
Authors: Krco C. J. , Abramson Ellen J. , Yoshoka N. , Atassi M. Z. , David C. S.
Published: April 2007

Monoclonal anti‐Ia inhibition experiments were conducted to confirm and extend genetic mapping data of I‐A gene control of immunity to human haemoglobin (Hb). It was found that the Aβ gene is of critical importance in conferring immunity to the α‐chain and β‐chain subunits of Hb. A possible involvement of I‐E region genes in B10.D2 mice to β‐chain is discussed. Through the use of an α‐chain specific T cell clone data, is obtained indicating that an intact Ia.8+ Aβ chain is necessary for antigen presentation in vitro.
ANTIGEN BINDING TO LYMPHOID CELLS FROM UNIMMUNIZED MICE
Authors: DeLuca D.
Published: April 2007

In order to determine the specificity of antigen binding by double antigen‐binding lymphocytes obtained from mouse bone marrow and spleen, three types of experiments were performed (1) a high excess of unlabelled antigen was tested for its ability to inhibit the binding of unrelated antigen to both single and double antigen‐binding cells; (2) polyvalent anti‐mouse immunoglobulin was assessed for its ability to inhibit antigen binding; and (3) the ability of one antigen to co‐cap (or codistribute) with either another antigen or antiimmunoglobulin was studied to determine the spatial relationship of these components on the cell membrane. In order to study an adequate number of double ABC, these cells were enriched by using NIP‐specific ABC as a starting population. The data indicate that double antigen binding occurs via independent immunoglobulin cell surface receptors which can be spatially separated from one another under appropriate capping conditions.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN (Gm) MARKERS AND α1‐ANTITRYPSIN (PI) TYPES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND EARLY ONSET CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS
Authors: Walsh Linda J. , Cox Diane Wilson
Published: April 2007

No Gm allotype, haplotype or phenotype was increased or decreased in frequency in two autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or chronic active hepatitis (CAH) in comparison with control frequencies. The frequencies of the Gm haplotypes among 206 controls were 0.70, 0.19 and 0.11 for fb, ag and axg, respectively. Neither Gm heterozygosity nor homozygosity was associated with either disease. There was no interaction between α1‐antitrypsin (PI) and Gm type in the two diseases.
H ‐ 2 ANTIGENS OF CERTAIN t AND NON‐t MICE REACT WITH THE SAME MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
Authors: Balber A. E. , Amos D. B. , Artzt Karen
Published: April 2007

Monoclonal antibody 212.i.4.2 mediated complement‐dependent lysis of spleen and lymph node cells carrying the tw1, tw12, tw71, t6, tw73, and tLub1 haplotypes, while cells from mice carrying 11 other t haplotypes were not lysed. The antibody also detected an epitope controlled by genes in the H‐2Dd region of non‐t mice. A molecule of 46,000 molecular weight was immunoprecipitated by 212.i.4.2 from detergent extracts of 125I‐labelled spleen cells of +/tw12 and B10.D2 mice. The H‐2dm2 mutation did not alter the expression of the epitope recognized by 212.i.4.2. However, the H‐2dm1 mutation decreased the reactivity of lymphoid cells with the antibody in cytotoxicity tests, and 212.i.4.2 immunoprecipitated little or no protein from extracts of B10.D2(R106) spleen cells which carry the H‐2dm1 mutation.
tch, tsf AND tte: THREE INDEPENDENTLY ISOLATED t HAPLOTYPES IN THE MOUSE
Authors: Vergara U. , Pizarro O. , Zúñiga C.
Published: April 2007

Three recessive lethal t haplotypes have been independently isolated from widely separated Chilean wild mouse populations. They do not complement one another, have similar transmission ratios and suppress recombination. We do not know at present if they belong to a previously described complementation group or if they define a new one.
ANALYSIS OF A SEROLOGICAL DETERMINANT OF H‐Y ANTIGEN: EVIDENCE FOR CARBOHYDRATE SPECIFICITY USING AN H‐Y SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
Authors: Shapiro Mark , Goldberg Ellen H.
Published: April 2007

Using a monoclonal antibody to H‐Y antigen we characterized the molecular determinant responsible for H‐Y reactivity. H‐Y‐positive cells were treated with enzymes which alter carbohydrate structure and then were tested for their ability to absorb monoclonal anti‐H‐Y antibody. Indications are that the serological determinant recognized by this antibody is a glycoconjugate containing terminal non‐reducing and internal galactosyl residues.
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY IN THE BABOON (PAPIO CYNOCEPHALUS): EXAMINATION OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT AND FETAL LYMPHOID CELLS
Authors: Boldt D. H. , Fischbach M. , Kuehl T. J.
Published: April 2007

We studied structural and functional characteristics of lymphocytes from adult and fetal baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies to human lymphocyte antigens and plant lectins was used to define expression of surface antigens on lymphocytes from adult and 140 day fetal baboons (term = 180 days). Major T cell antigenic determinants on adult and fetal baboon lymphocytes were the Tp50, Tp32‐45, and p45 glycoproteins detected by monoclonal reagents T11, OKT8, and OKT10 respectively. Baboon T lymphocytes did not react with the OKT3/anti‐Leu4 or OKT4/ anti‐Leu3a reagents which detect, respectively, Tp19‐29 and Tp55, major surface glycoproteins on human T lymphocytes. OKT6, which identifies the human TL antigen equivalent on thymocytes, did not react with baboon thymocytes. These data demonstrate major evolutionary divergence between human and baboon T lymphocytes. By contrast, baboon lymphocytes resembled human peripheral lymphocytes in reactivities with several non‐T cell reagents. Lectin binding studies revealed substantially fewer peanut agglutinin‐and wheat germ agglutinin‐binding cells in suspensions of baboon fetal splenocytes and adult peripheral lymphocytes compared with fetal thymocytes. Thereffore, maturation of baboon T lymphocytes is associated with loss of surface carbohydrate structures that bind these lectins. Adult and fetal baboon lymphocytes resembled human and murine lymphocytes in their capabilities to respond to mitogens and to produce interleukin‐2. As in oter species, adult, but not fetal baboon lymphocytes, mediated NK activity against a variety of nucleated target cells. Despite divergence in lymphocyte antigen epression, babbon lymphocyte functional development colsely parallels that seen in humans.
AN ANTIBODY TO HUMAN THYMIC HASSALL'S BODY EPITHELIUM RECOGNIZES A SUBSET OF BLOOD GROUP A ANTIGENS
Authors: Telen Marilyn J.
Published: April 2007

TE‐19, a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) against thymic Hassall's body epithelium, was investigated because of its cross‐reactivity with human erythrocytes. Antibody TE‐19 was found to react only with group A erythrocytes, though it reacted with Hassall's body epithelium from donors of all blood group phenotypes. TE‐19 antibody bound preferentially to cells of subgroup A1 and reacted only weakly with A2 and Aint erythrocytes. Although it apparently bound to A antigen with both glycolipid and glycoprotein backbones, TE‐19 antibody only reacted with A antigenic moieties containing long or branched chain structures. Analysis of TE‐19 reactivity with erythrocyte membrane components using electroblotting and immunostaining techniques showed antibody reactivity with components migrating in the areas of band 4.5 and just ahead of the dye front, consistent with membrane glycolipid. It is possible that all human thymic Hassall's bodies contain epithelial cells which, irrespective of the donor's erythrocyte blood group, bear a carbohydrate antigen similar to A antigen.
SPECIFICITY OF ALLOACTIVATED HUMAN T LYMPHOCYTE CLONES IN SECONDARY PROLIFERATION, CELL‐MEDIATED LYMPHOLYSIS AND INTERLEUKIN‐2 RELEASE
Authors: And Adriana Zeevi , Duquesnoy Rene J.
Published: April 2007

Alloreactive cytolytic T cell clones were generated from mixed leucocyte reactions (MLRs) between unrelated individuals. Two clones exhibited proliferative responses specific for class I HLA antigens B21 and B17. They were also found to be cytolytic toward cells bearing these HLA‐B antigens as measured in cell‐mediated lympholysis (CML) assays. Four clones exhibited primed lymphocyte test (PLT) and CML activity specific for various class II HLA antigens, namely DR1, DR5, DQw3 and DRw53. For each of these six clones, the CML specificity was identical to the PLT specificity. Both class I and class II specific clones released interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) upon restimulation with irradiated cells carrying the relevant HLA specificity. This stimulator‐induced IL‐2 release showed the same specificity pattern as that observed in the PLT assay. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibition studies on alloreactive T cell clones showed similar inhibition profiles of PLT, CML and IL‐2 release assays. These findings suggest that cytolytic activity, secondary proliferation and IL‐2 release by alloactivated T cells may be induced by the same HLA encoded determinant.
SEROLOGICALLY H‐Y ANTIGEN‐NEGATIVE XO MICE
Authors: Wiberg Ulf H. , Mayerová Antonia
Published: April 2007

In a series of six independent experiments organ homogenates of 35 mice of the XX, XO or XY sex chromosome constitutions were absorbed using three different anti‐H‐Y antisera raised in inbred female LEW rats. Residual activities of absorbed antisera were tested in the Raji cell, complement‐dependent, cytotoxicity test. Homogenates of various tissues, including the gonads, of XX and XO females were equally unable to absorb H‐Y antibodies, indicating that tissues of these mice do not carry the H‐Y antigen. In contrast, XY male homogenates fully absorbed H‐Y antibodies of antisera at concentrations of ½ to 1/4. We discuss our findings with special attention to the problem of the existence of one or more H‐Y antigens and, to the genetic regultion of the expression of this antigen.
PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST RT2 ANTIGENS OF THE RAT AND THE DEFINITION OF A NEW LOCUS, RT9, LINKED TO RT2
Authors: Kunz Heinz W. , Misra Dhirendra N. , Gill,III Thomas J.
Published: April 2007

Efforts were made to generate hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against the RT2a, RT2b and RT3a antigens of the rat. While a number of hybridomas from each of five different fusions was found to produce antibodies against the RT2b antigen, no hybridoma producing antibody to the RT2a antigen could be detected among those generated in six different fusions. No stable hybridoma secreting antibody specific for the RT3a antigen could be established in three different fusions, although one positive culture was detected. In the course of this work, a monoclonal antibody against a new antigenic specificity was detected in one of the two strain combinations in which the anti‐RT2b antibodies were raised. The locus controlling this antigen, which was designated RT9, maps 4.9 (2.2‐12.6) cM from RT2.
NO INTERACTION BETWEEN HLA AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN IgG HEAVY CHAIN ALLOTYPES IN EARLY ONSET TYPE 1 DIABETES
Authors: Bertrams J. , Baur M. P.
Published: April 2007

Immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes are often discussed as susceptibility genes for insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in addition to HLA‐DR3 and DR4. Accordingly we analysed 175 unrelated patients for an interaction between immunoglobulin allotype antigens (Gm) and HLA. While DR3 and DR4 antigens and DR3/DR4 heterozygotes occur significantly more often among diabetics than among normal controls, their Gm allotype frequencies are very similar. An interaction between special Gm allotypes and phenotypes, on the one side, and DR3, DR4 or DR3, 4 on the other side could not be demonstrated.
THE ARRANGEMENT OF H‐2 CLASS I GENES IN MOUSE t HAPLOTYPES
Authors: Rogers John H. , Lyon Mary F. , Willison Keith R.
Published: April 2007

The t haplotypes of mouse chromosome 17 bear a number of interesting mutations and rearrangements, some of which map close to the H‐2 complex. Since there are many H‐2 class I genes of unknown function, we have investigated their arrangement in t haplotypes using genomic Southern blots. We present a detailed chart of the H‐2w30(tw12) complex, and compare it with the arrangement in other t haplotypes and standard mouse haplotypes. The chart shows duplications, deletions, and reshuffling of conserved and divergent regions. The two major features of the t arrangement‐large deletions in the Qa and Tla regions–have analogues in some standard strains, so it is unlikely that these deletions are responsible for t‐specific phenotypes. The differences between t and standard mouse strains are similar, in nature and in degree, to those between different standard strains.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES IN A CHINESE POPULATION: COMPARISON OF HAPLOTYPE FREQUENCIES WITH OTHER ASIAN GROUPS
Authors: Lange Gerda de , Fa‐Ming Zhong , Henke Jürgen , Feng Zongchen , Bernhardt Ralph , van Leeuwen Fred , van Eede Peter
Published: April 2007

Two groups of Chinese individuals of the city of Wuhan in the People's Republic of China, consisting of 98 blood bank donors and 278 workers in a steel factory, respectively, have been typed for G1m, G2m, G3m, A2m and Km allotypes. The Gm‐A2m haplotype frequencies as well as the Km gene frequencies appeared to be quite similar in these two groups of people, the main haplotypes being Gmaf;n;b A2m2 and Gmza…;g A2m1. After joining the data of the two groups, the frequencies of the main Gm haplotypes and the A2m and Km gene frequencies have been compared with those of six other Asian populations. In Asia, going from the south to the north, an increasing frequency of Gmza;…;g and a decreasing frequency of Gmaf;n;b were observed. The frequencies found in the investigated Chinese population lie between the frequencies found in the Chinese from Taiwan and the Japanese.
PREFERENTIAL PATERNAL TRANSMISSION OF THE DIABETOGENIC SUPRATYPE MARKED BY HLA B18 BfF1 DR3
Authors: Kay P. H. , And A. N. Wilton , Dawkins R. L.
Published: April 2007

Examination of transmission of the diabetogenic supratype B18 BfF1 DR3 revealed that this supratype is inherited more frequently than expected from fathers. These data suggest an explanation for increased susceptibility to development and earlier onset of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in offspring of diabetic fathers.
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF A CASE OF IgA2 DEFICIENCY
Authors: Oliviero S. , DeMarchi M. , Bast B. J. E. G. , Zegers B. J. M. , Van Loghem E. , De Lange G. , Carbonara O.
Published: April 2007

A family with two members with selective IgA2 deficiency was analysed by direct gene analysis with different probes for the IgCH region. No gross gene deletions or rearrangements were detected. Genetic analysis based on serological and molecular markers did not rule out linkage with the IgCH region. However, a defect of other genes not linked to the Ig heavy chain region and controlling the expression of IgA may be possible as well.
PREFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF CATFISH LIGHT CHAIN IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES IN ANTI‐DINITROPHENYL ANTIBODIES
Authors: Lobb C. J.
Published: April 2007

Previous studies indicated that immunoglobulins of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, contained two distinct isotypes of light chains. These different light chains, designated F and G, are reminiscent of κ and λ light chains of higher animals. This study was undertaken to establish whether or not there was preferential expression of one of the light chains in antibodies induced to the dinitrophenyl moiety during the course of the catfish humoral antibody response. The results indicated that, although antibody produced very early (1‐2 weeks) after primary immunization contained significant amounts (∼20%) of G light chains, the vast majority (∼90%) of antibody produced later (3 weeks through 1 year) was of the F isotype. Thus fish, as well as higher vertebrates, can express different isotypes of antibody during the immune response.
ASSOCIATION OF BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS‐ INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY TO SEROTONIN WITH THE H‐2 GENE COMPLEX
Authors: Teuscher C.
Published: April 2007

Susceptibility to Bordetella pertussis‐induced sensitivity to serotonin was found to be associated with the H‐2 gene complex in mice. H‐2 congenic and independent strains which possess the H‐2b and H‐2s haplotypes were susceptible to serotonin sensitization by pertussigen (P‐HSF) while mice with the H‐2k and H‐2d haplotypes were resistant. The gene or genes which control susceptibility were found to map to the H‐2SbDb end of the H‐2 complex; susceptibility appears to be inherited as a co‐dominant trait. These findings indicate that HLA typing may be of value in predicting or interpreting possible adverse reactions to pertussis vaccine or infection in humans.
A NOVEL MHC CLASS I MOLECULE AS A TUMOUR‐SPECIFIC ANTIGEN
Authors: Philipps C. , Stauss H. J. , Wortzel R. D. , Schreiber H.
Published: April 2007

Ultraviolet tight (UV)‐induced tumours in mice are often highly immunogenic and have unique (individually specific) antigens which cause tumour rejection in normal mice. The molecular nature of these unique ‘rejection’ or ‘transplantation’ antigens is not known. We have recently isolated a syngeneic monoclonal antibody (mAb), CP28, that recognizes a unique tumour‐specific antigen on the UV‐induced regressor tumour 1591‐RE. Further analysis revealed that the antibody‐recognized antigen represents a novel major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule. However, the relationship of this molecule to the unique T cell‐recognized antigen that causes tumour rejection remained unresolved. In this study we have explored the relationship of the antibody‐defined tumour‐specific novel class I molecule to the rejection antigen, that we have previously defined with a cytolytic T cell (CTL) clone (‘anti‐A’). Two different lines of evidence suggested a close relationship. First, it was found that random subclones of the 1591‐RE tumour expressed different levels of the CP28‐defined antigen which correlated with the level of lysis by the anti‐A CTL clone. Second, the selection of antigen‐loss variants using either the anti‐A CTL clone or the mAb CP28 resulted in the simultaneous loss of both the CP28 as well as the ‘A’ antigen. This tight correlation strongly suggests a relationship between the antibody‐defined and the T cell‐defined antigen. However, the role of the antibody‐recognized antigen in causing transplantation rejection still needs to be determined.
ISOLATION OF THE MHC GENES ENCODING THE TUMOUR‐SPECIFIC CLASS I ANTIGENS EXPRESSED ON A MURINE FIBROSARCOMA
Authors: Stauss H. J. , Linsk R. , Fischer A. , Watts S. , Banasiak D. , Haberman A. , Clark I. , Forman J. , McMillan M. , Schreiber H. , Goodenow R. S.
Published: April 2007

The C3H UV‐induced fibrosarcoma, 1591, is highly immunogenic and, therefore, is readily rejected when transplanted into immunocompetent syngeneic recipients. Previous analysis of 1591 with tumour‐specific or H‐2‐reactive monoclonal antibodies revealed that this antigenicity might be due to the expression of two novel class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. In this report we describe the molecular cloning and initial characterization of three genes which account for all of the unique serological class I reactivities observed on this tumour. These include two distinct, but highly conserved, H‐2L‐like genes, and a third gene the product of which bears determinants which are characteristic of both the tumour and of class I products of the H‐2k haplotype. Moreover, each of these genes contains a polymorphic restriction enzyme fragment which is detected in the class I sequences of 1591 relative to normal C3H tissue. Since the expression of these polymorphic class I sequences is relevant to the immunogenicity of 1591, the mutational events by which these genes were generated may be significant to the immunobiology of this tumour.
ABERRANT H‐2‐LIKE ALLOSPECIFICITIES ON K36.16 THYMOMA
Authors: Festenstein H. , Hut K. M.
Published: April 2007

The K36.16 thymoma expresses an H‐2Dd‐like allospecilicity as detected by the 34‐5‐8 monoclonal antibody directed against H‐2Dd using immunoprecipitation techniques. This monoclonal antibody gives a negative result by radio‐immune assay but other anti‐Dd antibodies react positively with this tumour. These results confirm and extend previous observations and are attributed to probable gene‐conversion events possibly involving a donor gene from the QafTla region, the products of which cross‐react with Dd.
STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS IN THE H‐2 GENES OF AKR LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Hui K. , Minamide L. , Prandoni N. , Festenstein H. , Grosveld F. G.
Published: April 2007

K36.16 is an AKR H‐2k thymoma which expresses an aberrant H‐2Dd‐like allospecificity, does not have a detectable amount of the H‐2Kk syngeneic antigen and grows very easily in syngeneic mice. By DNA‐mediated gene transfer experiments, we were able to obtain transformed clones which do express the H‐2Kk molecules and are rejected by AKR mice. Southern hybridization was performed to assess whether any gross changes had occurred in the K36.16 H‐2K locus or elsewhere in the MHC, which might explain the lack of H‐2K expression and/or the presence of the aberrant H‐2Dd‐like allospecificity. Specific H‐2 class I DNA probes were used to compare the K36.16 genomic DNA with normal AKR thymus DNA after digestion with a variety of restriction enzymes. After hybridization with the pH‐2IIa probe a 2.8 kb ‘Hind III’ fragment was identified in the K36.16 genomic DNA which is absent from AKR DNA. The pH‐2IIa probe detects the third, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of class I genes. Although these changes are indicative of MHC genome modifications it is not yet possible to link these specific Southern blot pattern variations with the phenotypic changes mentioned above.
EXPERIMENTAL STRATEGIES AND INTERPRETATIONS IN THE ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN MHC GENE EXPRESSION DURING TUMOUR PROGRESSION
Authors: Ljunggren H.‐G. , Kärre K.
Published: April 2007

The RBL‐5 lymphoma has previously been shown to be highly sensitive to natural hybrid resistance, under the control of H‐2 genes at the host level. The present study of the RBL‐5 tumour was focused on progression towards disseminated growth after intravenous (i.v.) inoculation in the syngeneic host and the possible influence of the MHC genes at the tumour cell level. Data are presented to illustrate that there is no obligatory association between reduced H‐2 expression and increased malignancy, and that the opposite may be observed. The wild type RBL‐5 line expressed readily detectable H‐2K and H‐2D products, and a highly malignant subline selected for lung colonization in vivo did not show any reduction but rather enhanced expression of these antigens. Depending on the inoculum size, this selected subline caused disseminated lymphoma (in the liver, spleen and lungs) at a faster rate or higher frequency of animals than the wild type line. Conversely, a subline selected for reduced H‐2 expression in vitro, by repeated treatments with antibody and complement, failed to form colonies in any organ after i.v. inoculation, even if the cell dose was increased by more than 100‐fold in comparison with the threshold dose for the wild type tine. This H‐2‐deficient subline was completely resistant to syngeneic RBL‐5 immune cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Clones isolated during selection of the subline showed different degrees of reduction in sensitivity to H‐2 specific CTL, but an inverse pattern of sensitivity to poly I: C induced natural killer (NK) cells. Selection pressure imposed by NK‐mediated elimination directed preferentially against cells with reduced H‐2 expression may be one explanation of why the gain of histocompatibility antigens is associated with tumour progression in some systems. Another important implication taken up for discussion is that tests for the effect of MHC modulation on tumour growth or immunotherapy require careful experimental design, to cover the action of different effector mechanisms in viva
MATERNAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPE (GM AND KM) AND NEONATAL GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION
Authors: Thom H. , Lloyd D. L. , Reid T. M. S.
Published: April 2007

Gm and Km(1) allotypes in 37 mothers of neonates with severe Group B streptococcal (GBS) infection were compared with 115 mothers of non‐infected infants, 36 of whom were known to be colonized with GBS. Deficits in Glm(1) and Km(l), and an increased incidence of G2m(23), were found in mothers of infected infants. Km(1) was associated mainly with the phenotype Gm(1, (2), 3, 17; 23; 5, 10, 11, 21) in mothers of infected infants while being uniformly distributed in mothers of non‐infected infants. This study would seem, therefore, to support reports of Gm and Km(1) allotype involvement in maternal response to GBS infection and immunity in the new‐born.
EQUINE T LYMPHOCYTES EXPRESS MHC CLASS II ANTIGENS
Authors: Crepaldi T. , Crump A. , Newman M. , Ferrone S. , Antczak D. F.
Published: April 2007

Six anti‐HLA class II mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used in conjunction with a rat monoclonal antibody raised against horse lymphocytes to define class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in the horse. By utilizing an ELISA assay and complement dependent lymphocytotoxicity assay, five out of the six anti‐HLA class II antibodies and the rat anti‐horse monoclonal antibody were found to react with a high percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Flow cytometry demonstrated a variable antigen density on peripheral blood lymphocytes and clear evidence for expression by lymphocytes that carried no detectable surface immunoglobulin. None of the antibodies reacted with equine platelets. The mAbs immunoprecipitated an antigenic complex of M, 29,000‐33,000 from horse lymphocytes. It appears that the distribution of MHC class II antigens in the horse is different from that in man but is similar to that in the dog, since MHC class II antigens are expressed on resting peripheral blood lymphocytes which lack membrane‐bound immunoglobulins. Correlations between the distribution of MHC class II antigens on lymphocyte subpopulations and their role in immunological phenomena may contribute to our understanding of the functional properties of these molecules.
GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIGENS ENCODED BY THE LY‐24 (Pgp‐1) LOCUS1
Authors: Sutton V. R. , Wijffels G. L. , Walker I. D. , Hogarth P. M. , McKenzie I. F. C.
Published: April 2007

Three allele‐specific monoclonal antibodies to Pgp‐1 (Ly‐24) were used to biochemically characterize the cell surface structures with which they reacted and to map the gene(s) coding for these antigens. The targets of these three monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were shown to be encoded by a gene situated on chromosome 2 close to β2m [gene order (Pgp‐1‐β2m‐a)] and no recombination between the loci detected by the three antibodies was revealed by genetic analysis. The genetic mapping of loci and tissue distribution of these antigens suggested that they might all correspond to a particular allelic form of the mouse phagocyte glycoprotein‐1 (Pgp‐1) antigen. Biochemical and serological analysis confirmed that this was indeed the case and revealed that all three mAbs were directed to one epitope. It is surprising that the tissue distribution defined by one mAb (Ly‐24A) was different from that for the two other (Ly‐24B) antibodies, despite the serological and biochemical identity of their respective targets. The possible reason for this unusual finding is discussed.
ANTIGEN‐SPECIFIC HELPER FACTOR REACTS WITH ANTIBODY TO THE T‐CELL RECEPTOR
Authors: Deans J. P. , Krowka J. F. , Mosmannt T. , Pilarski L. M.
Published: April 2007

Antigen‐specific helper factor (ASHF), a soluble product of T helper (Th) cells, binds antigen and can induce B‐cell and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte (CTL) differentiation. Its relationship to the T‐cell surface antigen receptor (TcR) is unknown. Both have MHC‐restricted recognition of nominal antigen, thus they may share very similar combining sites. Using monoclonal anti‐TcR to imrnunoprecipitate partially purified ASHF, we have obtained evidence for shared determinants between ASHF and the TcR. Antigen affinity‐enriched supernatants of a Th clone, LB19, are functionally active in antigen‐specific, help‐dependent CTL assays. FPLC anion exchange salt fractions of these supernatants were 125I‐labelled and immunoprecipitated with KJ16.133 monoclonal anti‐TcR coupled to Sepharose 4B. Precipitates were analysed by SDS‐PAGE. We have obtained clear evidence that functionally active Th culture supernatants contain molecules specifically precipitable by anti‐TcR antibody.
MODE OF ACTION OF ANTIGEN‐SPECIFIC T‐CELL HELPER FACTORS SECRETED BY A T‐CELL LINE AND CLONES
Authors: And O. Axelrod , Mozes E.
Published: April 2007

Antigen‐specific T‐cell helper factors were secreted from a (T,G)‐A—L specific T‐cell line and clones. The factors were released upon antigenic stimulation and could be induced by a low or a high dose of antigen. The factors secreted upon low‐dose stimulation possessed the antigenic specificity of the secreting cells, while the high dose‐induced factors had a broader antigenic specificity and could react with the closely related polypeptide (Phe,G)‐A—L, even when the cells were restricted to (T,G)‐A—L. Both the low dose‐ as well as the high dose‐induced factors could not trigger antibody production in the presence of a non‐relevant antigen, and did not collaborate with B cells immunized with a non‐related antigen for the production of antibodies. The helper factors, like their secreting cells, were H‐2‐restricted in the collaboration with B cells. In contrast to the helper cells, however, they did not require accessory cells for triggering the B cells in the process of antibody production. Some preparations of helper factors were found to be inactive. The helper activity could be restored by IL‐2. Thus, IL‐2 is an additional essential factor required for the antigen‐specific collaboration of B cells and T‐cell helper factors.
RECENT RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN V REGION GENES
Authors: Taussig M. J.
Published: April 2007

The first Jacques Monod Conference was held in Roscoff, Brittany on 1–5 June 1987 and dealt with the topic of 'Selection of Lymphocyte Repertoires’(organizers F. W. Alt, Columbia University, New York. P.‐A. Cazenave, Institut Pasteur, Paris and A. Coutinho, Institut Pasteur, Paris). Much of the meeting was concerned with the recent developments in immunoglobulin and T‐cell receptor V region organization and expression. This review is based on the contributions and discussions on Ig V genes, in particular their organization, rearrangements, allelic exclusion and somatic mutation. (Names without references indicate the conference speaker on that topic.)
STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B STIMULATION OF BALB/c LYMPHOCYTE MITOGENESIS AND POTENTIAL RELATIONSHIP TO THE Mls RESPONSE
Authors: And S. Buxser , Vroegop S.
Published: April 2007

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a T cell mitogen with properties different from the plant lectin mitogens. We examined the stimulation of mitogenesis induced by SEB in BALB/c mouse spleen cells and its relationship to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and related cell surface proteins. Based on the ability of specific monoclonal antibodies to block mitogenesis, SEB stimulation appears to be more dependent on interaction with I‐E than with I‐A class II MHC molecules. Additionally, anti‐L3T4, and possibly other antibodies specific for proteins related to the T cell receptor complex, were inhibitory. When A20 cells were treated with SEB and used to stimulate BALB/c spleen cells which were not otherwise exposed to SEB, the treated A20 cells were capable of stimulating mitogenesis of the BALB/c spleen cells. The data support the hypothesis that SEB stimulation is mediated primarily by interactions with class II MHC proteins and possibly proteins in the T cell receptor complex. We also observed that the presence of SEB in DBA/2 (Mlsa)‐stimulated BALB/c (Mlsb) spleen cell cultures enhanced the BALB/c mitogenesis three‐fold over the sum of the SEB‐ plus Mls‐stimulated mitogenesis. These results suggest that SEB may be a useful tool for further exploration of the Mls response.
FURTHER SEROLOGICAL AND RFLP ANALYSIS OF THE MRL‐+/+ AND MRL‐lpr/lpr MICE
Authors: DeLarbre C. , Bobe P. , Kiger N. , Kourilsky P. , Gachelin G.
Published: April 2007

During their ageing, MRL‐lpr/lpr mice (H‐2k) suffer from progressive lymph node enlargement, associated with the development of several acute autoimmune lesions. The primary effect and location of the lpr mutation is unknown. However, a minority of the lymphoid cells of some MRL‐ +/+, as well as MRL‐lpr/lpr mice, express ‘alien’ H‐2d antigenic specificities. In the course of the investigation of the origin of the latter, we have carried out the genotyping of the MHC of several MRL‐+/+ and MRL‐lpr/lpr mice using the Southern blotting technique and employing a variety of MHC class I and class II probes, and restriction enzymes known to discriminate between the d and the k haplotypes. None of the results obtained so far suggests the contribution of genuine H‐2d genes to the MHC of the MRL‐+/+ and MRL‐lpr/lpr mouse strains. Alternative hypotheses for the generation of the ‘alien’ epitopes are discussed.
GENETIC CONTROL OF C3 PRODUCTION BY THE S REGION OF THE MOUSE MHC
Authors: Dieli F. , Lio D. , Sireci G. , Salerno A.
Published: April 2007

The present paper reports evidence indicating that the level of the third complement component (C3) is regulated by the S region of the murine H‐2 complex. In fact, using congenic strains of mice we demonstrate that mice with the k haplotype at the S region show high C3 levels, whereas mice with the d haplotype at the S region show low C3 levels.
RABBIT MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.: III. MULTIPLE CLASS II DRβ GENES AND RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM OF THE CLASS II α AND β GENES
Authors: Sittisombut N. , Tissot R. G. , Knight K. L.
Published: April 2007

Several class II α and β chain genes of the rabbit MHC have been cloned and classified into three distinct subregions,R‐DP, R‐DQandR‐DR, based on their homology to the corresponding HLA‐DP, ‐DQ and ‐DR genes. The organization of the rabbit MHC class II genes has now been studied in greater detail by analysing genomic DNA of an inbred III/J strain and several otherRLA‐Dhomozygous rabbits, with DNA probes derived from cloned R‐DRβ genes. Eight previously cloned R‐DRβ genes were shown to be allelic forms of fiveR‐DRβ loci. Genomic blot analyses of DNA from seven rabbits homozygous for differentRLAhaplotypes revealed that the germline contains a total of approximately seven class II β genes, one DQβ, one DPβ and five DRβ. Extensive allelic polymorphism was identified by RFLP analysis using DQ and DR probes; limited RFLP was observed with DP probes. RFLP analyses allowed us to distinguish two haplotypes which had not been previously distinguished by MLR. Such RFLP analyses will be useful for identifying MHC ‘compatible’ rabbits for various immunobiological studies, including transplantation.
RAPID IMMUNOMAGNETIC PHENOTYPING OF CELLS
Authors: Gaudernack G. , Lundin K. E. A.
Published: April 2007

A new method for immunophenotyping of cells in suspension has been developed. The method is based on identification of cells that have formed rosettes with superparamagnetic particles (Dynabeads) conjugated with monoclonal antibodies directed against cell‐surface antigens. The method is extremely simple. Twenty‐five μl of cells are mixed with 5 μl of Dynabeads in U‐bottom microtitre wells. Following a I‐min centrifugation step, rosette formation can be inspected in the microscope. Staining of the cells before rosetting with acridine orange/ethidium bromide allows direct quantification of viable cells carrying a given marker. The method is limited to detection of cell‐surface antigens, and the results obtained are comparable to those seen with indirect immunofluorescence. The method may be used for phenotyping of leukaemia and other cancer cells, and can also be used for phenotyping of cells that can only be obtained in small numbers, such as spinal fluid cells.
QUANTIFICATION OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS BASED ON POSITIVE IMMUNOMAGNETIC SELECTION OF CELLS DIRECTLY FROM BLOOD
Authors: Brinchmann J. E. , Leivestad T. , Vartdal. F.
Published: April 2007

Lymphocyte subset quantification can be performed directly in unseparated anticoagulated blood by means of immunomagnetic (IM) particles. The method is fast and reliable and so simple as to be employable in small laboratories. This article reviews the method in detail and describes the results obtained with the IM quantification method in some clinical situations.
ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING OF BOVINE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS I MOLECULES
Authors: Watkins D. I. , Shadduck J. A. , Stone M. E. , Lewin H. A. , Letvin N. L.
Published: April 2007

The products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci regulate an individual's immune response to pathogens. Cattle provide an important model to study the relationship between disease susceptibility and MHC haplotype since large half‐sibling families are common. The definitive demonstration, however, of a firm relationship between MHC phenotype and disease susceptibility in cattle will require a precise definition of the bovine MHC allelic products. Available reagents for serological characterization of the bovine MHC gene products have not been adequate for these purposes. We have shown that existing mouse monoclonal antibodies and rabbit anti‐human antisera precipitate bovine class I molecules, that these structures separate well by one‐dimensional isoelectric focusing (1‐DIEF), and that immunoprecipitation followed by 1‐DIEF allows the detection of bovine class I MHC allelic products. Through this technique, we have identified previously undetected class I products. This approach will facilitate a detailed characterization of the bovine MHC class I gene products.
LACK OF COMMON HAPLOTYPE AMONG FOUR FAMILY MEMBERS WITH LATE‐ONSET KAPOSI'S SARCOMA
Authors: Neefe J. R. , Treat J. A. , Chun B. K. , Schein P. S. , Johnson A. H.
Published: April 2007

Kaposi's sarcoma is associated with an increased frequency of HLA‐DR5. The hypothesized model of a susceptibility gene in linkage disequilibrium with DR5 may be tested by haplotype analysis in familial Kaposi's sarcoma. Our finding of no common haplotype among afflicted members of a family provides evidence against the hypothesized linkage.