bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AS FACES DA SELFIE: Revelações da fotografia social
Authors: Santos Francisco Coelho dos
Published: January 2017

No final do século XX e início do século XXI, uma nova época geológica teve início, o Antropoceno. Ele é caracterizado pela perda da estabilidade ambiental em razão da interferência humana, do impacto cumulativo do desenvolvimento econômico sobre o meio ambiente. A mudança é sem precedentes na experiência humana; mitigá-la significa assegurar uma existência mais segura para a humanidade. Essa mitigação, porém, requer concertação internacional muito mais densa do que a que tem sido observada no regime internacional sobre mudança do clima. A construção de alianças de descarbonização entre países-chave para a resolução do problema é crucial. Ela será possível mediante a revisão dos conceitos de ameaça, segurança e interesse nacional, e uma nova interpretação da soberania, em que interesses comuns da humanidade sejam incorporados ao fundamento vestfaliano. É uma mudança complexa, mas que atualizará fundamentos importantes para uma geopolítica capaz de lidar com questões do século XXI.
SOCIALISMO, MODERNIDADE E IDENTIDADE REGIONAL EM MARIÁTEGUI, SENGHOR E NKRUMAH
Authors: Mello Fabrício Cardoso de
Published: January 2017

Este artigo pretende oferecer uma contribuição ao estudo comparativo do pensamento social e político elaborado desde a periferia global. Ao traçar paralelos e apresentar pontos de desacordo, o objetivo é analisar os pensamentos de José Carlos Mariátegui, Léopold Sédar Senghor e Kwame Nkrumah, com o argumento de que suas trajetórias enquanto intelectuais engajados politicamente na periferia global levaram-nos a enfrentar desafios teóricos bastante próximos. Três questões são apresentadas como chaves para a realização desta empreitada, devido à posição central que ocupam nas obras dos autores: um projeto de emancipação fundado no socialismo, uma ideia de modernidade que se articula com elementos societários pré-coloniais da América Latina e da África e a necessidade de uma identidade regional que oferecesse um senso de comunidade alternativo aos impostos pelo colonialismo. Esses elementos serão discutidos ao longo das três seções que estruturam o texto.
CARGA DE TRABALHO E CUSTO DE UMA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM EM TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Araujo Meiriele Tavares , Henriques Angelina Vidal Baia , Velloso Isabela Silva Cancio , Queiroz Claúdia Ferreira de , Nonato Lázaro França
Published: January 2017

Introdução: O alto custo de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva justifica-se por centralizar o atendimento a pacientes graves quenecessitam de recursos humanos e de infraestrutura complexa, bem como de tecnologia sofisticada para o diagnóstico e o tratamento.Entretanto, as restrições orçamentárias das instituições de saúde provocam limitações, tanto quantitativas quanto qualitativas noquadro de profissionais de enfermagem nesse e em outros setores. Objetivos: Quantificar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem eestimar os custos assistenciais diretos da equipe de enfermagem. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo de natureza quantitativa do tipodescritivo, prospectivo, realizado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulta de um Hospital Público Regional da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Resultados: o valor médio do TISS-28 foi de 24,7 pontos. Os pacientes apresentaram idade média de 55,28 anos; houve predominância do sexo masculino e pacientes na classe II, ou seja, pacientes estáveis fisiologicamente, porémrequerendo cuidados intensivos de enfermagem e monitorização contínua. O TISS-28 médio de 24,7 pontos demandou 13,09horas de assistência de enfermagem, ao custo variável diário de R$ 237,32. O dia com maior demanda apresentou um TISS-28de 488 pontos, ou seja, 259 horas de assistência ao custo de R$ 4.695,67. O dia com menor demanda apresentou um TISS-28 de301 pontos, necessitando 160 horas de assistência ao custo de R$ 2.900,80. Conclusão: Nas unidades de terapia intensiva adulto,a carga de trabalho de enfermagem média diária foi de 175 horas, correspondendo a 330 pontos do TISS-28, sendo o custo médiodiário da assistência direta de R$ 3.172,75. Enquanto, o TISS-28 médio por paciente foi de 24,7 pontos que demandou 13,09 horasde assistência de enfermagem, ao custo variável diário de R$ 237,32 por paciente.
CONHECIMENTO E ATITUDES EM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2: SUBSÍDIOS PARA AUTOCUIDADO E PROMOÇÃO DE SAÚDE
Authors: De Oliveira Santos Branca Maria , Caixeta Ana Carolina Magalhães , Da Silva Andreia Aparecida , De Souza Teixeira Carla Regina
Published: January 2017

Introdução: Estudos mostram que pacientes com Diabetes mellitus na atenção primária à saúde apresentam baixo escore deconhecimento em relação à doença. Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento e as atitudes dos diabéticos de seis Unidades Básicasde Saúde da Família de um município de Minas Gerais-Brasil, com vistas a oferecer subsídios para o autocuidado e a promoçãode saúde. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal realizado de julho a agosto de 2012, com 178 indivíduos comdiabetes mellitus tipo 2. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista e aplicação dos questionários Diabetes KnowledgeQuestionnaire e Diabetes Attitude Questionnaire, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética. Resultados: A maioria era do sexo feminino(70,8%), com 60 a 79 anos (53,4%), analfabetos ou com primeiro grau incompleto (83,7%); casados ou amasiados (62,4%)e aposentados (52,3%). O tempo de diagnóstico da doença foi de até cinco anos. A maioria dos usuários, (58,4%), apresentouresultado insatisfatório sobre o conhecimento e compreensão em relação à doença. Quanto às atitudes para o enfrentamento dadoença, 99% apresentaram baixa prontidão para o enfrentamento. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa na correlação entreos escores de ambos os questionários com o sexo e a escolaridade e com o tempo de diagnóstico da doença. Conclusão: Apesarde bons resultados em relação ao conhecimento geral da doença, foi encontrada, baixa prontidão para o enfrentamento da doença.Os resultados levantaram a necessidade de reflexão do modelo assistencial adotado e reforçaram a importância do planejamentode ações de autocuidado e de promoção de saúde específicas para a população estudada.
Correlação entre o Perímetro Escrotal e a Idade em Touros Aberdeen Angus
Authors: Silva Thiago Da Rocha , Borges Marcelo Henrique Favaro , Bernardo Guilherme Muschau , Galdioli Victor Hugo Gonçalves , Matias Bruna Fonseca , Fávaro Patrícia Da Cruz , Barca Júnior Flavio Antonio , Lanzon Lawrence Frederick , Koetz Júnior Celso
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a correlação entre o perímetro scrotal (PE) e a idade de touros Aberdeen Angus. Os dados relativos aos PE de 248 touros foram obtidos a partir de um banco de dados de exames andrológicos pertencentes a Embryo Inc., Turlock, Califórnia, Estados Unidos da América, realizados entre 2006 e 2011. Os touros foram criados em sistema semi-intensivo na região do vale de São Joaquim. A idade média foi de 15,4 (± 1,5) meses e PE médio de 36,8 (±2,9) cm. Para a análise estatística foi utilizada correlação linear de Pearson com nível mínimo de significância. A correlação entre a idade e o PE foi positiva (0,317), indicando a existência de outros fatores que influenciam o tamanho do PE.
Avaliação da Maturidade Sexual e Classificação Andrológica por Pontos (CAP) de Touros Jovens da Raça Nelore, Criados no Noroeste do Estado do Paraná
Authors: Lopes Flávio Guiselli , Junior Celso Koetz , Ferreira Marcos Barbosa , Menegassi Silvio Renato Oliveira , Guidoni Pauline Beatriz , Correa Leandro Da Silva
Published: January 2017

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o estádio de maturidade sexual e a classificação andrológica por pontos (CAP) de touros jovens da raça Nelore, criados no noroeste do estado do Paraná, utilizando o perímetro escrotal e as características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen. Oitenta e três touros, com média de 23,56 ± 1,24 meses, foram submetidos ao exame andrológico e a classificação andrológica por pontos. O valor médio observado para perímetro escrotal foi de 35,44 ± 2,08 cm. A média observada para turbilhão, vigor espermático, motilidade progressiva retilínea econcentração espermática foi de 3,58 ± 0,83; 3,64 ± 0,77; 74,69 ± 11,19 e 796,38 ± 88,21, respectivamente. Quanto às características morfológicas, foi observada média de 6,11 ± 4,24 e 13,76 ± 5,53 %, para os defeitos maiores e defeitos espermáticos totais, respectivamente. Com relação ao estádio de maturidade sexual, 97,59 % (n = 81) dos touros foram considerados maturos sexualmente (classes 1 e 2) e, somente dois touros (2,41%), foram considerados sexualmente imaturos (classe 3). Os touros avaliados pela CAP foram classificados como excelentes (91,29 ± 8,92). As estimativas de correlações simples de Pearson entre a CAP e o perímetro escrotal e entre as características físicas do sêmen foram consideradas positivas e significativas, já para as características morfológicas do sêmen, as correlações foram consideradas negativas e significativas.
Emergência e Vigor de Sementes de Maracujá Amarelo em Função de Diferentes Disponibilidades Hídricas
Authors: Araujo Maicon Marinho Vieira , Fernandes Dayane Ávila , Camili Elisangela Clarete
Published: January 2017

É unânime a afirmativa de que o início e o término da germinação das sementes de passifloráceas ocorrem de forma irregular, o que dificulta a formação das mudas com qualidade, por não serem uniformes. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo, sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas. Para tal, foram utilizadas sementes de maracujazeiro amarelo, cultivar FB 200. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 com quatro repetições, sendo três lotes de sementes da mesma cultivar e quatro disponibilidades hídricas baseadas nas capacidades de campo (30, 45, 60 e 75%). Utilizou-se o substrato Plantmax HT® e em cada parcela foram semeadas 25 sementes. Iniciaram-se as avaliações aos dez dias após a semeadura (DAS) as quais foram mantidas até vinte e oito DAS. Durante esse período foi realizada a análise da emergência das plântulas de maracujazeiro amarelo, e cálculos de índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), com base no critério agronômico. Aos 28 DAS, avaliaram-se o comprimento e o acúmulo de massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. Não houve efeito isolado dos lotes de sementes, nem da interação destes com as disponibilidades hídricas paras as principais variáveis observadas. O estabelecimento inicial de plântulas de maracujazeiro amarelo éinfluenciado pela disponibilidade hídrica presente no substrato. Regimes hídricos entre 45 e 60% da capacidade de campo do substrato provocam benefícios à emergência e ao vigor de plântulas de maracujazeiro amarelo.
Higher triglyceride serum level increases atherosclerotic index in subjects 50-70 years of age
Authors: Mawi Martiem , Chondro Fransisca , Chudri Juni
Published: January 2017

Background
Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of heart attack, stroke and peripheral disease, is a main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are independent factors in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The atherosclerotic index (AI) is a strong indicator of cardiovascular heart disease. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between lipid serum level and AI in subjects 50-70 years of age.

Methods
A study of cross-sectional design was conducted among male and female subjects 50-70 years of age. The inclusion criteria were: healthy, and capable of active communication. The exclusion criteria were: subjects not completing the study, currently consuming antihyperlipidemic drugs. Lipid profile comprising total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and malondialdehyde (MDA), was analyzed using commercial kits. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index was measured in all subjects. Atherogenic index was calculated from (total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol) / HDL cholesterol. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data.

Results
Mean age of the subjects was 60.6 ± 3.30 years and there was a significant relationship of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides with AI (b=0.009; p=0.000 and b=0.008; p=0.000, respectively). Triglyceride level was the most influencing factor for AI (b=0.008; Beta=0.616; p=0.000)

Conclusions
Higher triglyceride levels increase AI in subjects 50-70 years of age. Subjects with high serum triglyceride level but without symptoms of cardiovascular disease should be examined for the development of coronary artery blockage.
Asiaticoside induces cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Yuliati Linda , Mardliyati Etik , Bramono Kusmarinah , Freisleben Hans Joachim
Published: January 2017

Background
Asiatiocoside, a saponin component isolated from Centella asiatica can improve wound healing by promoting the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and synthesis of collagen. The skin-renewing cells and type I and III collagen synthesis decrease with aging, resulting in the reduction of skin elasticity and delayed wound healing. Usage of natural active compounds from plants in wound healing should be evaluated and compared to retinoic acid as an active agent that regulates wound healing. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the effect of asiaticoside and retinoic acid to induce greater cell proliferation and type I and III collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblast.

Methods
Laboratory experiments were conducted using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) isolated from human foreskin explants. Seven passages of HDF were treated with asiaticoside and retinoic acid at several doses and incubated for 24 and 48 hours. Cell viability in all groups was tested with the MTT assay to assess HDF proliferation. Type I and III collagen synthesis was examined using the respective ELISA kits. Analysis of variance was performed to compare the treatment groups.

Results
Asiaticoside had significantly stronger effects on HDF proliferation than retinoic acid (p<0.05). The type III collagen production was significantly greater induction with asiaticoside compared to retinoic acid (p<0.05).

Conclusion
Asiaticoside induces HDF proliferation and type I and III collagen synthesis in a time- and dose-dependent pattern. Asiaticoside has a similar effect as retinoic acid on type I and type III collagen synthesis.
The burden of the complications of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hidayat Adi
Published: January 2017

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important global cause of mortality, morbidity, and health-system costs,(1,2) with significant increases in its prevalence and number of cases in the last 30 years. It constitutes one of the four non communicable diseases (NCDs) targeted for action by world leaders.According to WHO estimates, in 2014 there were 422 million adults with DM aged 18 years or older, with around half in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions.(3) The prevalence of DM and the number of adults with DM in low- and middle-income countries have over the last decade increased at a greater rate than in high-income countries. The global DM prevalence increased by more than 100% in men and by 60% in women, resulting in a predominance of males with DM in 2014 as compared with a higher DM female prevalence in 1980.
Formula Jamu Antihipertensi and captopril are equally effective in patients with hypertension
Authors: Hussaana Atina , Sarosa Hadi , Indrayani Ulfah Dian , Chodidjah Chodidjah , Widiyanto Bagas , Pertiwi Danis
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND
Hypertension is the main cause of morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. Many herbs/spices appear to have significant effects in favorably modulating high blood pressure. A jamu formulation containing 6 plant extracts, Formula Jamu Antihipertensi (FJA), has been described previously. This research study aimed to evaluate the effect of FJA as antihypertensive agent in mild to moderate hypertensive patients.

METHODS
This double-blind experimental study was conducted in 40 hypertensive patients, who were randomized into two groups. The first group was treated with oral administration of 2 g FJA and the second group 25 mg captopril daily for 4 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as liver and kidney function were followed up every week. Independent- t test and two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data with a level of significance of 0.05.

RESULTS
The results showed that after the treatment, FJA and captopril were capable of significantly decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.05). The decrease in systolic blood pressure between the two groups was identical (p>0.05), while the decrease in diastolic blood pressure was greater in the FJA group than in the captopril group (p <0.05).

CONCLUSION
From this study it may be concluded that administration of FJA for 4 weeks is equally effective as captopril in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with mild and moderate hypertension. Thus, natural plants and herbs can be our source of drugs, with fewer side effects and better bioavailability for treatment of hypertension in the future.
Prevalence of menopausal symptoms and perceptions about menopause among postmenopausal women attending Gynaecology OPD at GMC Idukki, India
Authors: Joseph Leena A. , Varghese Acka Priya
Published: January 2017

Background: Idukki is a hilly tract area in the state of Kerala. No studies regarding menopause has been reported from Idukki. This study is done among postmenopausal women in an attempt to shed light on the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and perceptions of postmenopausal women in a panchayat in Idukki district which is typically a rural area. Primary objectives of the study were to find the prevalence of menopausal symptoms in post-menopausal women attending the outpatient department of Government Medical College, Idukki, India and to find the perceptions about menopause among these post-menopausal women. Secondary objectives were to find the mean age and pattern of attainment of menopause among postmenopausal women and to find the treatment seeking behavior of the post-menopausal women residing in this area.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study is done among 100 postmenopausal women attending the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Questions are asked based on interview schedule. The results are then analyzed.Results: The mean age of menopause was 45.69± 4.35. 78% of population had one or more symptoms in the menopausal period. Only 19.5% of the symptomatic women took treatment. 77% had positive perceptions.Conclusions: The awareness of these women in this area is poor thus limiting the treatment seeking behavior. Improvement of awareness is a must to improve the quality of life of post-menopausal women.
Effects of menopause on corneal topography and dry eye
Authors: Turgut Fethiye Gulden , Turgut Abdulkadir , Dolgun Zehra Nihal , Köroğlu Nadiye
Published: January 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen and progesterone on central corneal thickness, corneal curvature, and the development of dry eye in postmenopausal women.Methods: This is a case-control study including 54 premenopausal and 54 postmenopausal women. The two groups were compared in terms of follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, progesterone, and horizontal and vertical curvatures, astigmatism, central corneal thickness, Schirmer I test scores, and dry eye scores of both eyes.Results: In the postmenopausal women, central corneal thickness was significantly thinner in both eyes (p=0.017) and the Schirmer test scores were significantly lower both for the right (p=0.001) and the left eye (p=0.003). Estradiol levels were positively correlated with central corneal thickness (p=0.003-0.006) and Schirmer test scores (p=0.004-0.002) whereas progesterone levels showed a positive correlation only with Schirmer test scores (p=0.036-0.044). Although a significant positive correlation was found between estradiol levels and dry eye scores (p=0,009), no significant correlation was found between progesterone levels and dry eye scores (p=0,118).Conclusions: Age-related hormonal abnormalities lead to central corneal thinning, increased dry eye symptoms, and decreased tear flow, particularly in the postmenopausal term. Decreased estrogen levels are associated with central corneal thickness and dry-eye symptoms, decreased estrogen and progesterone levels correlates well with diminished tear production but progesterone levels does not effect dry-eye symptoms.
Spectrum of congenital heart disease in a tertiary care centre of Eastern India
Authors: Mahapatra Anuspandana , Sarangi Rachita , Mahapatra Partha Pratim
Published: January 2017

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is not an uncommon entity in our country. The prevalence of CHD is 9.3 per 1000 life birth in Asia which is found to be highest globally. Not much of Indian data is available particularly from this part of the country. So we conduct a retrospective study to know the spectrum of congenital heart disease in our set up.Methods: This is a retrospective hospital based study carried out over a period of 20 months (2015 March - 2016 November) where all suspected children (< 14 years) of CHD were subjected to echocardiographic study. The age, sex, clinical presentation and echo findings were well documented. Results: The total number CHD diagnosed were 231 and were more common among males (54.5%) with male to female ratio is 1.2:1. CHD were diagnosed more commonly between 1 month to 1 Year (40.25%). The commonest type of acyanotic CHD in our study was ventricular septal defect (VSD) (36.3%) and cyanotic CHD is tetralogy of Fallot (11.25%). The major clinical finding was a detection of a murmur (84.8%) followed by tachycardia (41.5%) and tachypnea (36.3%).Conclusions: In this era of most accurate diagnostic modalities, any clinical suspicion of congenital heart disease should be confirmed by echocardiography to hasten the diagnosis, timely management and prevention of complications.
Elevated expression of serine/threonine phosphatase type 5 correlates with malignant proliferation in human osteosarcoma.
Authors: Han Kun , Gan Zhihua , Lin Shuchen , Hu Haiyan , Shen Zan , Min Daliu
Published: January 2017

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults. However, the involvement of serine/threonine phosphatase type 5 (PP5) in osteosarcoma remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional role of PP5 in osteosarcoma cells. Firstly, we found that PP5 is widely expressed in several human osteosarcoma cell lines. Then we used lentivirus-delivered siRNA to silence PP5 expression in Saos-2 and U2OS cell lines. Knockdown of endogenous PP5 expression by shRNA-expressing lentivirus significantly decreased the viability and proliferation of the osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, FACS analysis showed that knockdown of PP5 expression induced a significant arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, which was associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation. Therefore, knockdown of PP5 is likely to provide a novel alternative to targeted therapy of osteosarcoma and deserves further investigation.
Contribuciones de los agentes de desarrollo infantil en la atención primaria a la salud
Authors: Faustino Regina Lúcia Herculano , Meira Maria Dyrce Dias , Abdala Gina Andrade
Published: January 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever o trabalho das Agentes de Desenvolvimento Infantil (ADIs), a partir dos relatórios de visita domiciliar, identificando resultados no acompanhamento de gestantes e crianças em unidades da Atenção Básica como projeto de desenvolvimento infantil. Trata-se de um relato de experiência que utilizou também a análise documental dos registros feitos pelas ADIs. Foram analisados 179 relatórios de visitação domiciliar que apontaram ações direcionadas às gestantes e às crianças de 0-3 anos. A análise apontou contribuições importantes relacionadas à identificação de riscos precoces em crianças e famílias, com direcionamento às equipes técnicas competentes para dar seguimento. As intervenções realizadas pelas ADIs foram consideradas efetivas para a promoção da saúde, uma vez que, as famílias e cuidadores das crianças poderão ser orientados sobre as bases do desenvolvimento adequado dos seus filhos.
La efectividad de la sistematización de enfermería en la percepción de enfermeros
Authors: Dias Bruno Vilas Boas , Souza Elialda Cavalcante Da Silva , Canuto Michelle Christiane
Published: January 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a eficácia da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem na prevenção, promoção, recuperação e reabilitação da saúde do paciente, na percepção do enfermeiro. O estudo é qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório com base na Teoria das Representações Sociais, seguindo as diretrizes do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A amostra foi composta por 100 enfermeiros de dois hospitais do estado de São Paulo, que responderam a um questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores, com cinco questões para caracterização sociodemográfica dos participantes e uma referente ao objetivo principal, como questão norteadora.. Os enfermeiros que consideraram a sistematização eficaz expressaram ideias centrais categorizadas em: “Processo”; “Documento”; “Holístico”; “Sim, segundo plano” e “Sim, falta comprometimento”. Os que não consideraram a sistematização eficaz expressaram ideias centrais como “Não, falta colaborador”; “Não é eficaz”; “Não, falta conhecimento”; “Não, é burocrática”; “Não tem valor”; “Não, falta comprometimento”; “Não, segundo plano” e “Cultural”. Observou-se variação na opinião dos enfermeiros assistenciais, desde aqueles que consideram a sistematização efetiva como os que a reconhecem como ineficaz. Mas mesmo os que a consideram eficaz destacam aspectos necessários para sua melhoria, como recursos administrativos e humanos.
Competing Purposes: Mother Tongue Education Benefits Versus Economic Interests in Rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Ndamba Gamuchirai Tsitsi , Van Wyk Micheal M , Sithole Josiah C
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of educators on the barriers to the implementation of the Zimbabwean language-in-education policy, which recommends use of Indigenous languages up to the end of the primary school level. Postcolonial theory informed this case study. Individual interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 15 rural primary school teachers, 3 school heads, and 2 school's inspectors who were purposefully selected from Masvingo district. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method for thematic coding. The findings revealed that participants strongly believed that the English language offers socio-economic opportunities, a factor which may negatively influence teachers in the implementation of the mother tongue-based policy. Recommendations that inform policy-makers are made.
Relative evaluation of performance of limestone calcined clay cement compared with Portland pozzolana cement
Authors: Tiwari Ashok Kumar , Chowdhury Subrato
Published: January 2017

Cement is most widely used binder to produce concrete and the most common construction mate-rial today. Though concrete is a material with the lowest greenhouse emission, cement has the highest. With the carbon footprint of cement accounting for over 7% of total world emissions, it becomes single most im-portant material of environmental concern around the world. This concern has led to a search for lower car-bon emitting binders and use of blended cements, incorporating large number of natural and industrial by-products. This paper describes the performance of a composite cement binder consisting of calcined clay, limestone, and Portland cement clinker as compared to a traditionally used fly ash based Portland pozzolana cement. This study reports behavior of the two cement binders with respect to strength development, hydra-tion, porosity of hydrated pastes, normal consistency, and admixture response with ageing. This study finds that, though the clay based cement attains higher early age strength, the later age strength in mortar is lower as compared to commercial fly ash based cement. Further the clay based cement has higher water demand, but lower porosity compared to composite cement binder.
Experimental investigation of the use of CFRP grid for shear strengthening of RC beams
Authors: Vu Ngoc Linh , Uji Kimitaka , Tran Vu Dung
Published: January 2017

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet and grid have been widely applied to improve both shear and flexural strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Compared to CFRP sheet, CFRP grid and sprayed mortar have advantages in dealing with the damaged concrete surface. This work examined the effectiveness of CFRP grid and sprayed mortar in enhancing the shear capacity of RC beams. Three RC beams were fabricated and two of them were strengthened by CFRP grid and sprayed mortar. Then four-points bending test was carried out to collect the data on the behavior of CFRP grid and stirrups in the three beams. The results are presented and discussed in this paper. This study evaluated the strengthening effectiveness of CFRP grid and sprayed mortar and the behavior of stirrups and CFRP grid. The difference in behaviors between stirrups and CFRP grid was analyzed.
Fire resistance calculation of existing concrete structures using modified Tabulated Data Method
Authors: Yagaanbuyant Duinkherjav , Radnaabazar Khishgee
Published: January 2017

During its service operation, a gradual reduction of the material strength and the load bearing ca-pacity of a concrete structure is expected and the same is also true for its fire resistance capacity. Although it is needed to estimate the remaining service life of the structure considering this reduction of fire resisting capacity for the design for the building renovation or expansion, the proper calculation guidance or the methodology still doesn’t exist in Mongolian national building code. This paper discusses the assessment of the actual fire resistance capacity of the existing pre-cast concrete industrial/residential buildings that were built during 1962-1999 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Modifications to the Tabulated data method are offered based on the findings of the study. The estimated values of the actual fire resistance limit of PC walls and slabs are proposed in tables and graphical forms that can be used in the calculation of the actual fire re-sistance of the existing buildings in use to determine renovation requirements.
Healthcare Consciousness with Tea
Authors: Verma O. S.
Published: January 2017

This is 11th instalment in the series of Articles on Healthcare Consciousness. Normally, people think that Tea is a kind of beverage especially meant for elderly people. This is a Myth, After water, Tea is most widely consumed popular drink in the world across all ages. Even though India is the world’s biggest consumer of tea, its annual per capita consumption is among the lowest. Turkey is on the top consuming 3.15 kg average annual tea per person. Ireland follows it at 2.19 kg, United Kingdom 1.94 kg, Russia 1.38 kg, Morocco 1.21 kg, China 0.57 kg, India 0.32 kg. Tea is an agricultural product of the leaves, leaf-buds, and internodes of CAMELLIA SINESIS plant prepared and cured by various methods. It is believed that tea was accidentally discovered by Emperor Shen Nung of China in 2700 BC. Indian Legendaries tell that in the 5th year of a seven years sleepless contemplation of Lord Buddha, he began to feel drowsy. He immediately plucked a few leaves from a nearby bush and chewed them which dispelled his tiredness. This bush was a Wild-Tea Tree. By early 1900, tea cultivation started in most of the countries of the World. In India, it was Sepoy Mutinee Leader Maniram Dewan who planted the first Assamese tea exactly on 17 April, 1804. Let us explore the powers of this superfood.
Implikasi Mediasi Bagi Para Pihak yang Berperkara di Pengadilan Agama Malang
Authors: Rahmawati Erik Sabti
Published: January 2017

The decline in family endurance in dealing with conflict, leading to increased divorce rate in Indonesia. Various attempts have been made to reduce the number of divorce, such as integrating mediation in the settlement process of the court. Nevertheless, the implementation of mediation has not been able to meet the expected target. This article aims to understand the procedure and the process of mediation conducted in the Religious Court of Malang Regency. Then, it describes the experiences and expectations of litigants. The study states that the implementation of mediation in the Religious Court of Malang regency has been conducted in accordance with the mechanism regulated by the the Regulation of the Supreme Court (PERMA) 1 in 2008, although in some instances has not run as precisely such provisions. Implementation of mediation in the Religious Court of Malang Regency provide benefits to the parties, although not much to revoke the lawsuit after mediation. But the parties then clearly understand the problems they face, avoiding revenge, divorce peacefully, and the parties feel more prepared for next trial.Menurunnya ketahanan keluarga menghadapi konflik menyebabkan meningkatnya angka perceraian di Indonesia. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk menekan angka perceraian, salah satunya mengintegrasikan mediasi dalam proses penyelesaian perkara di pengadilan. Meskipun demikian, pelaksanaan mediasi belum mampu memenuhi target yang diharapkan. Artikel ini bertujuan memahami prosedur dan proses mediasi yang dilakukan di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Malang. Kemudian mendeskripsikan pengalaman dan harapan para pihak yang berperkara agar mediasi. Pelaksanaan mediasi di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Malang telah dilakukan sesuai dengan mekanisme yang telah diatur dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (PERMA) No.1 Tahun 2008, meskipun dalam beberapa hal belum berjalan sesuai ketentuan.Pelaksanaan mediasi di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Malang memberikan manfaat bagi para pihak meskipun tidak banyak yang kemudian mencabut gugatan. Misalnya, memahami dengan jelas permasalahan yang mereka hadapi, tidak ada dendam, bercerai dengan damai, dan para pihak merasa lebih siap untuk menghadapi sidang selanjutnya.
Hukuman Mati Bagi Tindak Pidana Narkoba di Indonesia: Perspektif Sosiologi Hukum
Authors: Purnomo Agus
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a variety of public opinion on the application of the death penalty for perpetrators of acts of drugs in Indonesia. The study was focused on public dissent in response to the execution of the death penalty for drug crime and efforts to formulate effective criminal penalties for drug crimes. This paper study it from the angle of sociology of law in particular the theory of behaviorism and the theory of justice. In the perspective of sociology of law, a punishment device should include two things: first, it must accommodatepublic aspirations as the counterbalancing repay on the basis of an error rate of the perpetrator. Second, it must include the purpose of punishment, ie, maintain and preserve theunity of the community. Thus, the law must represent the public sense of justice. Hence theattitude and actions of the Indonesian people who chose the death penalty for criminal drugcan be justified even in other countries have abolished the death penalty.Tulisan ini menyajikan beragam pendapat masyarakat tentang penerapan hukuman matibagi pelaku tindak narkoba di Indonesia. Kajian difokuskan pada perbedaan pendapatmasyarakat dalam menyikapi eksekusi pidana mati bagi pelaku pidana narkoba dan upayamerumuskan hukuman pidana yang efektif bagi kejahatan narkoba. Tulisan ini mengkajinyadari sudut sosiologi hukum khususnya teori behaviorisme dan teori keadilan. Dalamperspektif sosiologi hukum, sebuah perangkat pemidanaan hendaknya mencakup dua hal,yakni: pertama, harus menampung aspirasi masyarakat yang menuntut pembalasan sebagaipengimbangan atas dasar tingkat kesalahan si pelaku. Kedua, harus mencakup tujuanpemidanaan, yakni memelihara dan mempertahankan kesatuan masyarakat. Dengandemikian, hukum harus mewakili rasa keadilan masyarakat. Karenanya sikap dan tindakanmasyarakat yang memilih hukuman mati bagi pelaku tindak pidana narkoba dapat dibenarkan sekalipun di tempat lain hukuman mati ini dihapuskan.
Hukum Keluarga dalam Perspektif Perlindungan Anak
Authors: Musfiroh Mayadina Rohmi
Published: January 2017

This article points to trace the epistemological roots of early marriage to and reinforce the importance of Islamic Family law reform, particularly related to raising the minimum age of marriage. This article is the result of the research literature with a qualitative descriptive method using a theoretical approach maqashid al-sharia. Early marriage is the result of interpretation of scholars' to Q.S. Ath-Thalaq [65]: 4 which signaled the waiting period for those who do not menstruate. Islam does not provide ideal age limits in marriage. Marriages can be performed by the bride that has been not or already baligh if it has been qualified to do harmonious marriage. However, the scholars' proposed the opinions about puberty age limit for men and women and the permissibility of marrying someone in the age of the children. The decision to give an age limit in marriage for arising maslahah. Marriage age limit should be revised in view of the negative impacts arising from the early marriage models, such as women's reproductive health issues, financial problems of the family and divorce. Model of early marriage can no longer practiced because it is inconsistent with maqashid al-nikah that is to build a harmonious family.Artikel ini bertujuan melacak akar epistimologis perkawinan dini serta menguatkan argumentasi pentingnya pembaharuan hukum keluarga Islam, khususnya terkait menaikkanbatas minimal usia perkawinan. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian kepustakaan dengan metode deskriptif-kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan teori maqashid al-syariah. Perkawinan dini merupakan hasil tafsir ulama’ terhadap Q.S. Ath-Thalaq [65]: 4 yang mengisyaratkan iddah bagi mereka yang belum haid. Islam tidak memberikan batasan umur ideal dalam pernikahan. Perkawinan dapat dilakukan oleh calon mempelai yang belum atau sudah baligh jika telah memenuhi syarat dan rukun pernikahan. Meskipun demikian, para ulama’ berbeda pendapat tentang batas usia baligh bagi laki-laki dan perempuan dan kebolehan menikahkan seseorang pada usia anak-anak. Umat Islam diperbolehkan memberikan batasan usia dalam perkawinan untuk menimbulkan kemaslahatan. Batas usia pernikahan perlu direvisi mengingat berbagai dampak negatif yang muncul akibat model pernikahan ini, misalnya masalah kesehatan reproduksi perempuan, persoalan ekonomi keluarga, hingga perceraian. Model perkawinan ini tidak dapat lagi dipraktikkan karena tidak sejalan dengan maqashid al-nikah yaitu membangun keluarga yang sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah.
Melacak Ideal Moral dalam Hadis La Yakhtubu al-Rajulu ‘Ala Khitbati Akhihi: Sebuah Telaah Ilmu Hadis
Authors: Salam Nor
Published: January 2017

Hadith (the Prophet tradition) is the source of law which occupies a central position after the Quran which serves as explanatory of the contents of the Quran. However, if the Quran has been ascertained to be qat'i both sides wurud or tsubutnya, not the case with a Hadith that still raises various problems both in the assessment of the sanad authenticity and the contains. Thus, it is not all hadith have authentic quality both the sanad nor the matan, so it is needed to do research. Another issue is no less complex in order to "unearth" the values contained in a hadith tradition of honor in the present context as the traditions in the realm ahwal syakhsiyah one of them is the hadith about khitbah. In this study, the hadith about khitbah narrated by Imam Abu Daud derived from lines Ahmad ibn Amr ibn Sarh witheditorial worth is valid both in terms of sanad and matannya, while its values ranged at the level of the juridical and ethical. In the juridical level, the hadith indicates the prohibition of making a proposal to the proposal of others, whereas the level of ethics or mysticism, the tradition is more referring to the creation of a harmonious life.Hadis nabi adalah sumber hukum yang menempati posisi sentral setelah al-Quran yang berfungsi sebagai penjelas terhadap kandungan al-Quran. Namun demikian, jika al-Quran sudah dipastikan bersifat qat’i baik dari sisi wurud maupun tsubutnya, tidak demikian halnya dengan hadis nabi yang masih menimbulkan aneka persolan baik dalam penilain terhadap otentisitas sanad maupun matannya. Dengan demikian, maka tidaklah semua hadis yang disandarkan kepada nabi berkualitas sahih dari sisi sanad maupun matannya sehingga diperlukan adanya penelitian. Persoalan lain yang tidak kalah rumitnya adalah dalam rangka “membumikan” nilai-nilai yang dikandung dalam sebuah matan hadis dalam konteks kekinian seperti hadis-hadis dalam ranah ahwal syakhsiyah termasuk salah satunya adalah hadis tentang khitbah. Dalam penelitian ini, hadis tentang khitbah yang diriwayatkan oleh imam Abu Daud yang berasal dari jalur Ahmad bin Amr bin Sarh dengan redaksi bernilai sahih baik dari sisi sanad maupun matannya, sedangkan nilai yang dikandungnya berkisar pada tataran yuridis dan etika. Dalam tataran yuridis, hadis tersebut menunjukkan larangan terjadinya peminangan terhadap pinangan orang lain, sedangkan dalam tataran etika atau tasawuf, hadis tersebut lebih mengacu pada terciptanya kehidupan yang harmonis.
A Clinical Validation of Self‐Reported Periodontitis Among Participants in the Black Women’s Health Study
Authors: Heaton Brenda , Gordon Nicholas B. , Garcia Raul I. , Rosenberg Lynn , Rich Sharron , Fox Matthew P. , Cozier Yvette C.
Published: January 2017

Background: There is a paucity of data on the validity of self‐report of periodontal disease in African Americans. The Black Women’s Health Study (BWHS), a United States national cohort study of 59,000 black women followed via mailed questionnaires since 1995, offered the opportunity to clinically validate self‐reported periodontitis among a sample of participants.

Methods: Oral health questionnaires were sent to study participants residing in Massachusetts. Respondents living in the Boston metro area were invited for clinical examination. Self‐reports were compared with clinical data obtained from the 77 women (mean age: 59 years) who were examined. The authors examined the predictive ability of individual and combined questionnaire items with respect to clinical periodontal disease severity. Validation parameters were calculated for each question, and receiver operating characteristic statistics were generated to compare questionnaire items.

Results: Periodontitis prevalence in the validation sample was 24% for severe periodontitis and 61% for moderate disease. Performance of individual questionnaire items with respect to predicting periodontitis was better for severe compared with moderate disease. Combinations of questionnaire items improved the predictive ability with respect to severe disease beyond that of individual questionnaire items.

Conclusions: Prevalence of severe periodontitis was similar to other age‐comparable populations, without regard for race or sex, whereas prevalence of total periodontitis (moderate and severe) among women of similar age and/or race was much higher. Predictive ability of questionnaire items assessed in the BWHS was similar to that in other studies.
Assessing Hydrological Impacts of a Watershed in the Context of Climate and Land Cover Changes
Authors: Shih Dong-Sin , Wu Ray-Shyan , Tsai Chung-Yuan
Published: January 2017

This paper proposes a method to utilize weather and land cover models to generate future environmental scenarios, and presents the watershed models to simulate the hydrological impact on watershed-scale hydrology. The Weather Generator model and General Circulation Model were applied to produce rainfall and local temperature under different climate conditions, and the Conservation and Land Use and its Effects model was incorporated to simulate future land cover variability. The circumstances of future climate and land cover changes were used as inputs to drive the HEC-HMS rainfall runoff model for obtaining surface runoff in a mountainous area. The WASH123D model was then utilized for the entire watershed simulation. Modeling results were then examined to discuss hydrological impacts on three different time periods: near future (2020-2039), future (2050-2069), and distant future (2080-2099). The Fengshan Creek basin in northern Taiwan was selected as study site. Simulations results indicated that the influence of climate change revealed more relevant effects when compared to local land cover changes. The ground water levels tended to diminish as the land cover area changed. In addition, both river and groundwater levels reveal that it is drier in dry season and wetter in wet season in future.
An Adaptive Self-powered Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Circuit and Its Application on Bridge Condition Monitoring
Authors: Li Teng , Zhang Yunxin , Geng Xinlai
Published: January 2017

The abundant mechanical vibration energy in bridge road environment can be converted into electric energy by using the piezoelectric energy harvest technology, which could be an efficient way to provide energy required by the wireless sensor network in the bridge condition monitoring system. An autonomous energy harvesting system has been designed based on cantilever beams for sensing and acquiring the bridge vibration energy. After the analysis of the dynamic properties of the piezoelectric cantilever beam in the energy conversion, three kinds of interface circuits were compared through simulation and experimental results. It was shown that the VD interface circuit has less power loss. Furthermore, the proposed closed loop control method based on the VD circuit was simple, adaptive, and self-powered, which is suitable for the road energy harvesting application. Finally, the energy harvesting system based on VD circuit was realized with harvested power of around 0.8mW.
Identification of Secondary Phases in Cu2ZnSnS4 Layers by In-depth Resolved X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xianfeng , Kobayashi M.
Published: January 2017

A Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) film with a thickness of approximately 1.5 μm was fabricated on a Mo-coated glass substrate by annealing a CZTS precursor fabricated from nanoparticle ink. The chemical states of the elements in the CZTS thin film in the depth direction were studied to identify the presence of secondary phases, which are detrimental to the performance of solar cells containing CZTS. X-ray diffraction was unable to detect any secondary phases in CZTS because of their small relative amount. Instead, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which is highly sensitive to chemical state, was conducted at different depths in the CZTS film to further check the presence of secondary phases. XPS analysis revealed peaks shift consistent with the presence of secondary phases. For the CZTS film annealed in a S atmosphere at 575 °C for 3 h, the film surface consisted of a secondary-phase layer composed of CuS, ZnS, and SnSx (x=1 or 2) originating from the decomposition of CZTS. At depths below 80 nm, the film was pure CZTS. Formation of MoS2 at the CZTS–Mo interface was confirmed by XPS analysis of Mo and S.
Backtesting the Lee-Carter and the Cairns-Blake-Dowd Stochastic Mortality Models on Italian Death Rates
Authors: Maccheroni Carlo , Nocito Samuel
Published: January 2017

The work proposes a backtesting analysis in comparison between the Lee-Carter and the Cairns-Blake-Dowd mortality models, employing Italian data. The mortality data come from the Italian National Statistics Institute (ISTAT) database and span the period 1975-2014, over which we computed back-projections evaluating the performances of the models in comparisons with real data. We propose three different backtest approaches, evaluating the goodness of short-run forecast versus long-run ones. We find that both models were not able to capture the improving shock on the mortality observed for the male population on the analyzed period. Moreover, the results suggest that CBD forecast are reliable prevalently for ages above 75, and that LC forecast are basically more accurate for this data.