bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in Egyptian children with nephrotic syndrome: single center experience
Authors: Alazem Eman Abobakr Abd , El-Saiedi Sonia Ali , Chitrakar Shradha , Othman Shorouk A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Hypertension (HTN), especially masked hypertension, is one of the cardiovascular consequences of nephrotic syndrome. Masked hypertension cannot be identified during routine follow-up visits and adversely effects the patients’ cardiac function. The purpose of this study was to use ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) to evaluate the blood pressure status of children with nephrotic syndrome.

Methods

Ninety children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) participated in this cross-sectional study, which was carried out at Cairo University Children Hospital’s nephrology clinic (CUCH). A sphygmomanometer was used in the clinic to measure blood pressure, and a Meditech monitor was used for 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Interventricular septum (IVS) was measured, and heart functions were evaluated, using echocardiography.

Results

Two groups comprised the included patients: Group1 (n = 70): HTN group included masked and ambulatory hypertension, and Group 2 (n = 20): non-HTN group included normal blood pressure, white coat HTN and well controlled HTN, 35% of the studied cohort (n = 32/90) had masked HTN.The serum urea was significantly higher in HTN group than non-HTN group with p-value: 0.047, while the serum albumin was significantly lower in HTN group than non-HTN group with p-value: 0.017. The cut-off point of 9.9, the sensitivity and specificity of serum urea to predict the occurrence of hypertension in NS patients was 92.9% and 35% respectively, with p-value : 0.024 and 95% CI (0.534–0.798). The z score of IVS is significantly higher in group 1 (2.5 ± 1.2) when compared to group 2 (1.7 ± 2.1) with p-value: 0.025 and Among group 1, it was noticed that 74% (n = 52/70) of them were systolic non-dipper, also it was observed that the mean serum potassium and cholesterol were significantly higher among systolic non-dipper when compared with systolic dipper patients with p-values: 0.045 and 0.005 respectively.

Conclusion

Children with nephrotic syndrome are particularly vulnerable to experience ambulatory hypertension and masked hypertension, which may adversely impact their cardiac condition because they are not detectable by standard blood pressure readings at the clinic.
Dysfunction of γδ T cells in pediatric chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection
Authors: Ai Junhong , Xiao Haijuan , Zhang Linlin , Ma Honghao , Wang Dong , Dilmurat Dilara , Wang Ran , Xie Zhengde
Published: October 2024

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) is a progressive and life-threatening disease characterized by persistent or recurrent EBV activation. It has been reported that, γδ T cells, a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte, play a critical role in restricting EBV. However, the functional status of γδ T cells in pediatric CAEBV patients has not yet been described. In this study, flow cytometry analysis was conducted to explore the cytokine production capacity of γδ T cells in CAEBV patients. A diminished frequency of γδ T cells and decreased expression of cytolytic molecule granzyme B were found in CAEBV patients, suggesting a dysfunction in the immune regulatory function of γδ T cells in this disease.
Health dialogue intervention versus opportunistic screening in primary care for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease prevention in settings with low socioeconomic status (DETECT): study protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Ballin Marcel , Backman Enelius Moa , Dini Samira , Galanti Maria Rosaria , Hagströmer Maria , Heintz Emelie , Lager Anton , de Leon Antonio Ponce , Lundh Lena , Nystrand Camilla , Walldin Christina , Augustsson Hanna
Published: October 2024

Background

Meta-analyses of randomized trials suggest that health checks and health promotion interventions targeting behavior change in primary care do not prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. However, whether such interventions are more effective in high-risk populations, such as people living in low socioeconomic settings, remains unclear, as they have been poorly represented in previous trials. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and implementation of systematic screening followed by an individually oriented, lifestyle-focused, health dialogue intervention for prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, as compared to opportunistic screening, in primary care in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.

Methods

Using an overall pragmatic approach and a cluster-randomized design with two arms, we aim to enroll 3000 participants aged 50–59 years from 30 primary care centers (PCCs) with an above-average level of Care Need Index in Stockholm Region, Sweden. PCCs will be randomized (1:1) either to a health dialogue intervention, which includes inviting enlisted patients to a systematic screening of risk factors followed by an individually oriented lifestyle-focused health dialogue, or to opportunistic screening, which includes screening patients for a smaller set of risk factors during an appointment at their PCC taking place for other reasons. The main outcome will be change in systolic blood pressure during 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Additional short-term outcomes will be changes in other biological risk factors, health-related quality-of-life, and lifestyle habits, as well as process and implementation outcomes, and unintended side effects. The long-term effect on type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality will be examined using regional and nationwide registers. Changes in systolic blood pressure and other health outcomes will be analyzed using mixed-effect generalized linear modeling and mixed-effect Cox regression to capture variability between and within PCCs. A health economic evaluation will assess resource use and costs in the short- and long-term.

Discussion

This trial of lifestyle-focused health dialogues and opportunistic screening in primary care in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in the largest region of Sweden has the potential to yield valuable insights that could support evidence-based policymaking.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06067178). Prospectively registered September 27, 2023.
Detection of human strongyloidiasis among patients with a high risk of complications attending selected tertiary care hospitals in Colombo, Sri Lanka using molecular and serological diagnostic tools
Authors: Weerasekera Chamarika Jayanetti , Gunathilaka Nayana , Menike Chandrani , Anpahalan Philip , Perera Nilanka , de Silva Nilanthi Renuka , Wickremasinghe Renu
Published: October 2024

Background

Strongyloidiasis a neglected tropical disease is known to cause severe disease among immunosuppressed and has not been studied extensively in Sri Lanka. Parasitological diagnostic approaches based on faecal microscopy and culture often fail to detect low-intensity infections. This study investigates the presence of strongyloidiasis among selected immunocompromised individuals using parasitological, molecular and serological techniques.

Methods

Adult patients with immunocompromising conditions admitted to three tertiary care hospitals in Sri Lanka were recruited. A faecal sample and 2 ml of venous blood were collected. The faecal samples were subjected to direct faecal smear and cultures (agar plate, charcoal and Harada-Mori) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species specific primers designed for Strongyloides stercoralis. The presence of Strongyloides IgG antibodies was tested in the collected serum samples using DRG Strongyloides IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The PCR products of the positive samples were sequenced using Sanger sequencing method.

Results

A total of 260 patients were recruited to this study, out of which 160 provided faecal samples and 122 provided blood samples. Out of the 160 faecal samples, none were positive for strongyloidiasis by direct smear, charcoal and Harada-Mori cultures. Only one sample (0.6%) was positive by agar plate culture. Out of the 123 samples subjected to PCR, 14 (11.4%), including the culture positive patient, were positive for S. stercoralis. Sequencing results of the PCR products indicated 100% similarity to S. stercoralis. Out of the 122 serum samples subjected to ELISA, 20 (16.4%), including the culture positive patient, were positive for Strongyloides IgG antibodies. However, sociodemographic, exposure factors, clinical features were not significantly associated with the presence of strongyloidiasis infection.

Conclusions

Strongyloidiasis is present among the immunocompromised population in Sri Lanka, even in the absence of a significant relationship with associated factors. It is advisable to screen such patients with highly sensitive tests such as PCR for early diagnosis and treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Extracellular vesicles from human cardiac stromal cells up-regulate cardiomyocyte protective responses to hypoxia
Authors: Czosseck Andreas , Chen Max M. , Hsu Chuan-Chih , Shamrin Gleb , Meeson Annette , Oldershaw Rachel , Nguyen Helen , Livkisa Dora , Lundy David J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Cell therapy can protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia, primarily via paracrine secretions, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Since EVs fulfil specific biological functions based on their cellular origin, we hypothesised that EVs from human cardiac stromal cells (CMSCLCs) obtained from coronary artery bypass surgery may have cardioprotective properties.

Objectives

This study characterises CMSCLC EVs (C_EVs), miRNA cargo, cardioprotective efficacy and transcriptomic modulation of hypoxic human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). C_EVs are compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell EVs (B_EVs) which are a known therapeutic EV type.

Methods

Cells were characterised for surface markers, gene expression and differentiation potential. EVs were compared for yield, phenotype, and ability to protect hiPSC-CMs from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. EV dose was normalised by both protein concentration and particle count, allowing direct comparison. C_EV and B_EV miRNA cargo was profiled and RNA-seq was performed on EV-treated hypoxic hiPSC-CMs, then data were integrated by multi-omics. Confirmatory experiments were carried out using miRNA mimics.

Results

At the same dose, C_EVs were more effective than B_EVs at protecting CM integrity, reducing apoptotic markers, and cell death during hypoxia. While C_EVs and B_EVs shared 70–77% similarity in miRNA content, C_EVs contained unique miRNAs, including miR-202-5p, miR-451a and miR-142-3p. Delivering miRNA mimics confirmed that miR-1260a and miR-202/451a/142 were cardioprotective, and the latter upregulated protective pathways similar to whole C_EVs.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the potential of cardiac tissues, routinely discarded following surgery, as a valuable source of EVs for myocardial infarction therapy. We also identify miR-1260a as protective of CM hypoxia.
Teledermatology: an evidence map of systematic reviews
Authors: Chow Aloysius , Smith Helen Elizabeth , Car Lorainne Tudor , Kong Jing Wen , Choo Kay Wee , Aw Angeline Ai Ling , Wong Marie Ann Mae En , Apfelbacher Christian
Published: October 2024

Background

Although the number of teledermatology studies is increasing, not all variables have been researched in equal depth, so there remains a lack of robust evidence for some teledermatology initiatives. This review describes the landscape of teledermatology research and identifies knowledge gaps and research needs. This evidence map can be used to inform clinicians about the current knowledge about teledermatology and guide researchers for future studies.

Methods

Our evidence map was conducted according to the Campbell Collaboration checklist for evidence and gap maps. Eight databases were searched (CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, and OpenGray), and only included systematic reviews of teledermatology involving humans published in English; while excluding non-systematic reviews (i.e., abstracts, conference proceedings, editorials, commentaries, or letters). From 909 records, 14 systematic reviews published between 2004 and 2022 were included. Our analysis focused on the systematic reviews’ characteristics, dermatological conditions studied, rate of overlap and quality assessment of primary studies reviewed, and main findings reported.

Results

Teledermatology was reportedly comparable with clinic dermatology and generally accepted by patients as a mode of care delivery for dermatological conditions. However, there are concerns about privacy, communication, completeness of information transmitted, familiarity with the technology, and technical problems. Healthcare professionals were generally satisfied with teledermatology but found telemedicine consultations longer than face-to-face consultations, and less confident in asynchronous teledermatology than conventional consultations. Teledermatology was reportedly more cost-effective than clinic dermatology; especially considering the distance traveled by patients, referral volume to teledermatology, and clinic dermatology costs. Although patients and providers are satisfied with teledermatology, face-to-face dermatology has higher diagnostic and management accuracy. Teledermatology was also used for training medical professionals. Regarding the validity and reliability of teledermatology outcome measures, no significant discussions were found.

Conclusions

COVID-19 spotlighted telemedicine in clinical care, and we must ensure telemedicine continually improves with robust research. Further research is necessary for establishing a standardized outcome set, enhancing accuracy, concordance, cost-effectiveness, and safety, comparing teledermatology with non-dermatologist care, examining its effectiveness in non-Western low and middle-income countries, and incorporating patient involvement for improved study design.

Systematic review registration

https://www.researchregistry.com/ (Unique Identifying Number: reviewregistry878).
Cryopreservation of bovine sperm causes single-strand DNA breaks that are localized in the toroidal regions of chromatin
Authors: Ribas-Maynou Jordi , Muiño Rodrigo , Tamargo Carolina , Yeste Marc
Published: October 2024

Background

Sperm cryopreservation is widely used in the cattle industry, as it allows for disassociating the localization of sires and the collection of semen from the timing of artificial insemination. While freeze-thawing is known to impair sperm DNA integrity, whether the damage induced consists of single- (SSB) or double-strand breaks (DSB) has not been determined. In addition, no previous study has addressed if DNA breaks preferentially reside in specific genome regions such as those forming the toroid linker regions, or are rather spread throughout the regions linked to protamines. The main aim of the present work, therefore, was to elucidate the type and localization of the DNA damage generated by cryopreservation and to evaluate its impact on artificial insemination outcomes in cattle.

Results

The incidence of SSB and DSB was evaluated in 12 ejaculates before and after cryopreservation with the Comet assay, and the localization of the DNA breaks was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Before cryopreservation, the incidence of SSB was 10.99% ± 4.62% and involved 20.56% ± 3.04% of sperm cells, whereas these figures significantly (P < 0.0001) increased up to 34.11% ± 3.48% and 53.36% ± 11.00% in frozen-thawed sperm. In contrast, no significant differences in the incidence of DSB were observed (P > 0.990) before and after cryopreservation (before: incidence of 13.91% ± 1.75% of sperm DNA affecting 56.04% ± 12.49% of sperm cells; after: incidence of 13.55% ± 1.55% of sperm DNA involving 53.36% ± 11.00% of sperm cells). Moreover, PFGE revealed that the percentage of sperm DNA fragments whose length was shorter than a toroid (< 31.5 kb) was greater (P < 0.0001) after (27.00% ± 4.26%) than before freeze-thawing (15.57% ± 4.53%). These differences indicated that the DNA breaks induced by cryopreservation affect the regions condensed in protamines, which are structured in toroids. On the other hand, in vivo fertility rates were associated to the incidence of SSB and DSB in frozen-thawed sperm (P = 0.032 and P = 0.005), but not with the size of the DNA fragments resulting from these breaks (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Cryopreservation of bovine sperm generates single-strand DNA breaks, which are mainly located in protamine-condensed toroidal regions. The incidence of DNA breaks in cryopreserved sperm has an impact on cattle fertility, regardless of the size of generated fragments.
Deep-learning-based attenuation map generation in kidney single photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Kwon Kyounghyoun , Oh Dongkyu , Kim Ji Hye , Yoo Jihyung , Lee Won Woo
Published: October 2024

Background

Accurate attenuation correction (AC) is vital in nuclear medicine, particularly for quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. This study aimed to establish a CT-free quantification technology in kidney SPECT imaging using deep learning to generate synthetic attenuation maps (μ-maps) from SPECT data, thereby reducing radiation exposure and eliminating the need for CT scans.

Results

A dataset of 1000 Tc-99m DTPA SPECT/CT scans was analyzed for training (n = 800), validation (n = 100), and testing (n = 100) using a modified 3D U-Net for deep learning. The study investigated the use of primary emission and scattering SPECT data, normalization methods, loss function optimization, and up-sampling techniques for optimal μ-map generation. The problem of checkerboard artifacts, unique to μ-map generation from SPECT signals, and the effects of iodine contrast media were evaluated. The addition of scattering SPECT to primary emission SPECT imaging, logarithmic maximum normalization, the combination of absolute difference loss (L1) and three times the absolute gradient difference loss (3 × LGDL), and the nearest-neighbor interpolation significantly enhanced AI performance in μ-map generation (p < 0.00001). Checkerboard artifacts were effectively eliminated using the nearest-neighbor interpolation technique. The developed AI algorithm produced μ-maps neutral to the presence of iodine contrast and showed negligible contrast effects on quantitative SPECT measurement, such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The potential reduction in radiation exposure by transitioning to AI-based CT-free SPECT imaging ranges from 45.3 to 78.8%.

Conclusion

The study successfully developed and optimized a deep learning algorithm for generating synthetic μ-maps in kidney SPECT images, demonstrating the potential to transition from conventional SPECT/CT to CT-free SPECT imaging for GFR measurement. This advancement represents a significant step towards enhancing patient safety and efficiency in nuclear medicine.
On the cutting edge of sickle cell disease: a snapshot narrative review
Authors: Menshawey Rahma , Menshawey Esraa
Published: October 2024

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hemoglobinopathy worldwide, characterized by vaso-occlusive crises and ischemia that affects patients on a multi-system level. Despite being a genetically simple disease due to a single base mutation, SCD poses many therapeutic challenges. Additionally, its impact on patients’ life remains significant. This narrative review aims to provide a snapshot of recent highlights of the significant progress in SCD therapy, and the impact of SCD on patients’ life, including  the complications, morbidity, and mortality factors of the disease.

Methodology

Google Scholar and PubMed were searched for “sickle cell disease”. Only full-text English language original research articles were included in this review. In total, 600 articles were screened, 300 from each database, which were published from 2020 to 2024-06-01. A total of 139 studies were included in this review, after screening for inclusion.

Conclusions

The increasing global incidence of sickle cell disease underscores the urgency for healthcare interventions to address the health challenges of an aging population living with this chronic condition. While treatment options for sickle cell disease have broadened, their availability is still limited. Among these options, stem cell transplant stands out as the definitive treatment, with ongoing efforts to enhance the donor pool. The disease significantly affects patients' quality of life and overall health, with emerging neurological and psychiatric issues. Additionally, the impact of sickle cell disease on reproductive health in both men and women presents a pressing need for further research to meet reproductive challenges.
Higher FSH Level Is Associated With Increased Risk of Incident Hip Fracture in Older Adults, Independent of Sex Hormones
Authors: Koh Eileen H , Ewing Susan K , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Gudnason Vilmundur , Hue Trisha F , Vittinghoff Eric , Ohlsson Claes , Tivesten Åsa , Grahnemo Louise , Yuen Tony , Zaidi Mone , Rosen Clifford J , Schwartz Ann V , Schafer Anne L
Published: October 2024

Context

Higher levels of FSH are associated with bone loss among women during the perimenopausal transition and among older men, independent of estradiol and testosterone levels, but whether higher FSH is an independent fracture risk factor is unknown.

Objective

To determine whether baseline FSH level predicts subsequent hip fracture in older adults.

Setting, Design, Participants

Using a case-cohort design, we randomly sampled 295 participants stratified by sex from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik cohort, including 25 participants with incident hip fracture within 10 years after baseline. We sampled an additional 230 sex-stratified participants with incident hip fracture. Serum FSH and sex hormone levels were measured at baseline. Robust weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the relationship between FSH and hip fracture risk.

Main Outcome

Incident hip fracture.

Results

As no interaction was identified between FSH and sex for the relationship with fracture, men and women were pooled for analysis. Higher levels of FSH were associated with a significantly increased risk of incident hip fracture in models adjusted for age and sex [hazard ratio (HR) 1.24 (95% CI 1.04-1.48, P = .02)] and after further adjustment for estradiol, testosterone, and SHBG levels [HR 1.20 (95% CI 1.01-1.44, P = .04) per sex-specific SD increase in FSH level].

Conclusion

Higher FSH is associated with an increased risk of subsequent hip fracture. Our findings support a growing body of evidence for the direct pleiotropic effects of FSH on bone and for a role for FSH in aging and disability independent of sex hormone levels.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Underdiagnosis Patterns by Individual-level and Spatial Social Vulnerability Measures
Authors: Silva Emily L , Lane Kevin J , Cheng Jay Jojo , Popp Zachary , van Loenen Breanna D , Coull Brent , Hart Jaime E , James-Todd Tamarra , Mahalingaiah Shruthi
Published: October 2024

Objective

To use electronic health records (EHR) data at Boston Medical Center (BMC) to identify individual-level and spatial predictors of missed diagnosis, among those who meet diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods

The BMC Clinical Data Warehouse was used to source patients who presented between October 1, 2003, and September 30, 2015, for any of the following: androgen blood tests, hirsutism, evaluation of menstrual regularity, pelvic ultrasound for any reason, or PCOS. Algorithm PCOS cases were identified as those with International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for irregular menstruation and either an ICD code for hirsutism, elevated testosterone lab, or polycystic ovarian morphology as identified using natural language processing on pelvic ultrasounds. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of missed PCOS diagnosis by age, race/ethnicity, education, primary language, body mass index, insurance type, and social vulnerability index (SVI) score.

Results

In the 2003-2015 BMC-EHR PCOS at-risk cohort (n = 23 786), there were 1199 physician-diagnosed PCOS cases and 730 algorithm PCOS cases. In logistic regression models controlling for age, year, education, and SVI scores, Black/African American patients were more likely to have missed a PCOS diagnosis (OR = 1.69 [95% CI, 1.28, 2.24]) compared to non-Hispanic White patients, and relying on Medicaid or charity for insurance was associated with an increased odds of missed diagnosis when compared to private insurance (OR = 1.90 [95% CI, 1.47, 2.46], OR = 1.90 [95% CI, 1.41, 2.56], respectively). Higher SVI scores were associated with increased odds of missed diagnosis in univariate models.

Conclusion

We observed individual-level and spatial disparities within the PCOS diagnosis. Further research should explore drivers of disparities for earlier intervention.
SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS (DIAGNOSTIC CONTEXT IN BULGARIA AND RUSSIA)
Authors: Krotova Inna V. , Eyubova Sevdzhihan A.
Published: October 2024

Background. The paper describes ways of diagnosing social and psychological resources of children with special needs. The authors propose to study the diagnostic capabilities of socialization of children with special needs as a unique integrative tool in the work of specialists getting in touch with children with special needs (inclusive education, special education). Two aspects of diagnostics of socialization of preschool children with special needs in Bulgaria and Russia who are provided with inclusive education according to official procedures are considered.
The research hypothesis is the assumption of inclusion of multiple characteristics of socialization of preschool children, which can serve as resources for successful social adaptation of children with special needs.
The purpose of the study is to structure the review based on the grouping of parameters related to the characteristics of adaptive socialization resources in the context of meeting special needs.
Methodology. The study was carried out in accordance with the theoretical and methodological principles of psychology and pedagogy and the special methodology of psychological science (the principle of personal approach), the following methods were used (analysis; synthesis; abstraction and specification; comparison and generalization; method of induction and deduction, method of analogies; modeling).
The results are based on introductory studies of official recommendations for research on socialization of children with special needs in earlier studies conducted in both countries. It is shown that most of the target socialization scales are the same and are reflected in the predictive research procedure. In addition, it has been proven that in Bulgaria the scales are more substantive about the child's conditions and developmental situation, while in Russia they refer to the child's personal and socio-psychological indicators. In Bulgaria, there is no tendency to emphasize the functions of socialization areas, while in Russia, a number of diagnostic tests emphasize the socialization areas of the preschool child with special needs.
Practical implications. This Russian peculiarity allows us to refer to the method of prediction level measurement as an integral and unique tool which includes socialization parameters through refraction of personal characteristics of a child with special needs in various spheres of his/her relations (parents, adults, peers) and ways of organization of activity (organized and free), i.e. conditions of social development. In conclusion, in both countries it is necessary to redirect diagnostic methods to more integrative methods of work. In Bulgaria, more attention needs to be paid to comprehensiveness, and in Russia, the specificity of developmental disorders must be monitored.
Spotlight on fixing oral health
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: October 2024

Report highlights extent of tooth decay among children and what policymakers can do to tackle it
Focus on adoption matching
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: October 2024

Initiatives are supporting councils to improve matching practice to reverse adoptions decline
Practice examples: AP's staged approach re-engages non-attenders
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: October 2024

Mark Loveday was head of service at Chadsgrove School Support Services and creator of the Pathways scheme for young people who are out of education due to Emotional Based School Avoidance.
5 principles of good SEND transition support
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: October 2024

Expert sets out the key principles that planned Young Futures Hubs must adopt to be successful
Coaching sees staff reconnect to social work
Authors: Crown Hannah
Published: October 2024

Grit training programme aims to give children's services staff the tools they need to significantly improve how they work with young people and colleagues
Telford and Wrekin Council
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: October 2024

The unitary local authority works to overcome challenges presented by Covid and poverty by boosting early help for families
Multimodal emotion recognition in the metaverse era: New needs and transformation in mental health work
Authors: Zeng Yan , Zhang Jun-Wen , Yang Jian
Published: October 2024

This editorial comments on an article recently published by López del Hoyo et al . The metaverse, hailed as "the successor to the mobile Internet", is undoubtedly one of the most fashionable terms in recent years. Although metaverse development is a complex and multifaceted evolutionary process influenced by many factors, it is almost certain that it will significantly impact our lives, including mental health services. Like any other technological advancements, the metaverse era presents a double-edged sword for mental health work, which must clearly understand the needs and transformations of its target audience. In this editorial, our primary focus is to contemplate potential new needs and transformation in mental health work during the metaverse era from the perspective of multimodal emotion recognition.
What is the role of cognitive-behavioral career coaching in mitigating work anxiety and depression among public employees?
Authors: Byeon Haewon
Published: October 2024

This editorial explores the study by Mkpoikanke Sunday Otu and Maximus Monaheng Sefotho on the use of cognitive-behavioral career coaching (CBCC) to reduce work anxiety and depression among public employees. Public sector workers often face significant psychological stressors, leading to mental health issues that impair well-being and job performance. The study employed a group-randomized trial design, involving 120 public employees diagnosed with severe anxiety and depression. Participants were divided into a treatment group, receiving CBCC, and a control group with no intervention. Results showed a significant reduction in anxiety and depression levels in the treatment group, sustained through follow-up assessments. The findings underscore the clinical relevance of CBCC as an effective intervention for improving mental health among public employees. Future research should explore the scalability of CBCC across different sectors and cultural contexts, as well as its integration with other mental health interventions. This editorial advocates for the broader implementation of CBCC practices in public service to enhance employee productivity and psychological well-being. By addressing cognitive distortions and fostering adaptive coping mechanisms, CBCC can help public employees navigate complex professional environments, ultimately contributing to a healthier and more efficient workforce.
Facial aesthetics is shaped not only by genetic predispositions but also by the cultural norms and values
Authors: Nagamine Takahiko
Published: October 2024

The positioning of teeth is of significant importance, both in terms of function and aesthetics. Aesthetics is a subjective matter, and there is often a discrepancy between the perceptions of patients and those of medical professionals. The act of wearing a mask has been demonstrated to impair the ability to evaluate facial attractiveness, thereby reaffirming the visual importance of the oral cavity in the context of facial aesthetics. The notion that a face perceived as beautiful is inherently exceptional is a fallacy. An average face is defined as one that exhibits characteristics that are common to the group. However, cultural mutations occur at a faster rate than genetic mutations. With regard to changes in facial aesthetics, cultural differences have a more immediate effect than genetic mutations. The advent of the internet meme may herald the advent of an era in which the average face that defines a beautiful face is determined by the internet.
Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of skull base angles measured on magnetic resonance images
Authors: Kizilgoz Volkan , Aydin Sonay , Aydemir Huseyin , Keles Papatya , Kantarci Mecit
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Determination of platybasia and basilar kyphosis are significant parts of routine cranial magnetic resonance (MR) interpretations. These situations may explain a patient’s symptoms or may be associated with other anomalies.

AIM

To indicate the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the skull base angles (SBA) (Koenigsberg standard) and modified SBA (mSBA) measurement techniques.

METHODS

In total, 391 patients who had undergone cranial MR imaging were re-assessed regarding the SBA measurements. The SBA and mSBA techniques were used on MR images. Two reviewers independently measured the same angles twice within a 15-day interval, using different monitors. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to reveal the intraobserver and interobserver agreements.

RESULTS

There was an excellent agreement between reviewers regarding both angle measurements (ICC was 0.998 for SBA and mSBA). Excellent agreement levels were also observed for intraobserver measurements. ICC was 0.998 for SBA and 0.999 for mSBA for reviewer 1. ICC was 0.997 for SBA and 0.999 for mSBA according to the measurement results of reviewer 2. Higher SBA and mSBA values were observed for females compared to males. There was no correlation between SBA and age for SBA. However, a negative and low-level correlation was observed between mSBA values and age for both reviewers.

CONCLUSION

SBA and mSBA measurements indicated excellent agreement regarding interobserver and intraobserver differences. The study results showed that SBA angles were reliable measurement techniques to be used on MR images.
Traumatic isolated bilateral gluteus minimus injuries misdiagnosed as lumbar radiculopathy: A case report
Authors: Cho Hong-Man , Heo Haeryong , Jung Myung-Cheol
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The tear of the gluteus medius and minimus tendons can cause chronic buttock pain, especially in middle-aged individuals; these tears occur mostly in association with degenerative changes in the muscles and tendons. Chronic injuries are more common than acute injuries, and concurrent injuries to the gluteus medius and minimus tendons without chronic pain are rare, especially isolated injuries to both sides of the gluteus minimus; such a case has not yet been reported.

CASE SUMMARY

The authors present a case of bilateral acute traumatic injuries to the gluteus minimus during buttock strengthening exercises in a 75-year-old male patient. The patient completely returned to his pre-injury lifestyle after 8 weeks of injury, with no limitations, but the diagnosis was initially delayed due to misdiagnosis as lumbar radiculopathy, resulting in unnecessary socio-economic burden on the patient.

CONCLUSION

When treating patients who complain of hip pain, it is important to consider various causes to make a correct diagnosis.
Conversion surgery after gemcitabine and cisplatin plus durvalumab for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Igata Yu , Kudo Masashi , Kojima Motohiro , Kami Shota , Aoki Keishiro , Satake Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Tatsushi , Sugimoto Motokazu , Kobayashi Shin , Konishi Masaru , Gotohda Naoto
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy has shown promising results for the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). Based on the results of the TOPAZ-1 trial, a gemcitabine and cisplatin plus durvalumab (GCD) regimen was recently approved as first-line therapy for patients with advanced BTC. However, post-GCD conversion surgery has not been previously studied. Herein, we describe a case of advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) successfully treated with radical surgery after GCD.

CASE SUMMARY

A 65-year-old female diagnosed with advanced ICC with periductal infiltration into the hepatic hilum underwent eight cycles of GCD, followed by durvalumab maintenance treatment, with mild adverse events. Partial response was obtained. Subsequently, a conversion surgery with extended left hepatectomy and bile duct resection was performed. The resection margins were negative, and the pathological diagnosis was compatible with small duct type ICC. The patient remained disease-free for 8 months without adjuvant chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION

We describe the case of a patient who received successful conversion surgery after GCD treatment for advanced ICC.
Neuralgic amyotrophy with hourglass-like constrictions: A case report
Authors: Bang Mi-Hyeon , Song Ha-Lim , Hahn Seok , Kim Wanil , Do Hwan-Kwon
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is a rare disease with sudden upper limb pain followed by affected muscle weakness. The most commonly affected area in NA is the upper part of the brachial plexus, and the paraspinal muscles are rarely affected (1.5%), making these cases difficult to distinguish from cervical radiculopathy.

CASE SUMMARY

A 76-year-old male presented to the emergency department with left hip pain post-fall. After undergoing left femoral neck fracture surgery, he experienced sudden left shoulder pain for 10 days with subsequent left arm weakness. Cervical spine computed tomography revealed mild right asymmetric intervertebral disc bulging with a decreased C5-6disc space. Three weeks later, an electrodiagnostic study confirmed brachial plexopathy findings involving the cervical root. Magnetic resonance neurography was performed for a differential diagnosis. Contrast enhancement was identified at the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, including the C5 nerve root. A suprascapular nerve hourglass-like focal constriction (HLFC) was also identified, confirming NA. After being diagnosed with NA, the patient received 15 mg prednisolone, twice daily, for 3 weeks. Physical therapy was initiated, including left arm strengthening exercises and electrical stimulation therapy. Left shoulder muscle strength significantly improved one month after comprehensive rehabilitation.

CONCLUSION

NA's unique features like HLFC and paraspinal involvement are crucial for accurate diagnosis, avoiding confusion with cervical radiculopathy.
Importance of timely diagnosis and intervention in uterine artery pseudoaneurysm caused by hysteroscopic surgery
Authors: Okpete Uchenna E , Byeon Haewon
Published: October 2024

This manuscript explores the case on the occurrence of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) during hysteroscopy endometrial polypectomy and the subsequent successful treatment via uterine artery embolization (UAE). Moreover, we focus on the management and treatment options for UAP in patients of advanced maternal age. A pseudoaneurysm is an extraluminal blood collection with a disrupted flow that communicates with the parent vessel via a defect in the arterial wall. The reported case involved a 48-year-old primiparous woman who developed a UAP after uterine polyp removal. The study enhances the understanding of UAP, a rare but potentially life-threatening condition, by providing a detailed and well-documented account of the comprehensive case presentation, effective use of medical imaging techniques for diagnosis, successful postoperative patient management following UAE, and practical clinical recommendations for clinicians managing similar cases. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering UAP as a differential diagnosis in patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding following hysteroscopic surgery. Additionally, this manuscript recommends that clinicians with a high index of suspicion for UAP promptly request ultrasonography and computed tomography to facilitate early diagnosis. UAE is suggested as a primary treatment due to its effectiveness and safety, particularly in facilities capable of avoiding hysterectomy.
Enhancing preoperative patient education through virtual reality: A leap forward in nursing practice
Authors: Roy Mainak
Published: October 2024

Integration of virtual reality (VR) technology into preoperative patient education has shown potential to improve nursing practice. The study by Kim et al examines the impact of VR on nurse satisfaction, usability, and burnout. A prospective study involving 20 nurses and 80 patients was conducted, comparing traditional paper-based education with VR-based education in the plastic surgery ward at Chungnam National University Hospital. Findings demonstrated that VR significantly enhanced satisfaction and usability among nurses, while also reducing emotional exhaustion, a critical factor in nurse burnout. Consistency in education quality was also improved, ensuring uniform patient care. These results underscore the importance of VR in reducing the stress of repetitive tasks, improving job satisfaction, and potentially enhancing nurse retention. Future research should explore the broader applications of VR in healthcare and address the logistical challenges of integrating this technology into routine clinical practice. The study by Kim et al highlights VR’s transformative potential in preoperative education for both patients and healthcare providers.
Digital group archives in residential childcare: an investigation into memory responsibility
Authors: Lucas Siân E. , Burns Andrew , Emond Ruth , Reid Laura
Published: October 2024

This article discusses phase two of the ARCH project (Archiving Residential Children’s Homes), and in particular, the development of a co-designed ‘digital archive’ that stores everyday, shared events and experiences for care experienced young people who live in residential children’s homes. We present research with young people living in residential care, care workers and care experienced adults about the types of everyday information or records they would like to be able to store, share and access in the future. There was a desire for the digital archive to have a different feel and purpose to content recorded in individual case files, with easy access to the archive deemed important. There were mixed views about the representation of events and experiences and whether these should contain mainly ‘light-hearted’ events and experiences. Our research gives an insight into memory-keeping practices within a residential children’s home and invites questions about whose responsibility it is for gathering, filtering and treasuring childhood experiences.
Near-infrared electroluminescence and self-powered photodetector based on graphene/layered γ-InSe Schottky junction
Authors: Sun Liaoxin , Ge Anping , Zhao Qixiao , Jing Wenji , Zhou Dongjie , Ma Lei , Huan Yanlin , Tian Haoyang , Xia Hui , Yao Yi , Miao Jinshui , Shen Xuechu , Lu Wei
Published: October 2024

The multifunctional integrated on-chip near-infrared (NIR) light source and detection devices based on vdW layered materials are increasingly sought after due to their broad applications, including optoelectronic communication, computing, and sensing. Most of luminescence or detection devices based on vdW layered materials are demonstrated to have only a single function due to the limitation of material properties. Here, we demonstrated a multifunctional integrated on-chip NIR electroluminescence (EL) and self-powered photodetector (SPPD) device constructed by stacking few-layer graphene (Gr) and layered γ-InSe to form asymmetric Gr/γ-InSe/Gr heterostructure. Room temperature electrically driven NIR from γ-InSe was successfully achieved by the high quality Schottky junction (rectification ratio up to "5×" 〖"10" 〗^"3" ), with a turn-on voltage of ~ 1.4 V. The γ-InSe EL maintained over 90 % initial EL intensity after two hours continuous operation in air. Meanwhile, the Gr/γ-InSe/Gr SPPD exhibits a broad spectrum photoresponse (405-940nm), low specific noise current (8.7"×" 10-26 A2/Hz), high specific detectivity (~ 108 Jones @ 405 nm) and high-quality reflective imaging. Our results establish a simple preparation and tunable vdW layered material multifunctional integrated NIR EL and SPPD device, indicating the promise of γ-InSe for on-chip integrated optoelectronic devices.
REMEMBERING AND FORGETTING: Counter-Memories of Tausug Survivors of the 1974 Battle of Jolo (Sulu, Philippines)
Authors: Salomon Elgin Glenn R
Published: October 2024

Examining the case of the 1974 Battle of Jolo, this article unpacks how Tausug survivors have constructed, remembered, and made sense of their memories of one of the bloodiest conflicts between the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), a Muslim secessionist movement in the southern Philippines, and the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) during the martial law period (1972-1986). As counter-memory to the narratives of the MNLF and the military on the 1974 Battle of Jolo, this study argues that while many of the survivors want to forget and move on from the tragedy of war and violence, their memories revealed layers of problems faced by Muslim Mindanao in the recent decades. Some survivors are eager to document their experiences to reclaim their agency, while many of them transmit their collective memories and life lessons to the next generations of Tausug.[Artikel ini mengungkap bagaimana para orang-orang Tausug, yang mengalami Pertempuran Jolo tahun 1974, membangun, mengingat, dan memaknai ingatan mereka tentang salah satu konflik paling berdarah antara Front Pembebasan Nasional Moro (MNLF) dengan Angkatan Bersenjata Filipina (AFP) selama periode darurat militer (1972-1986) tersebut. Sebagai memori tandingan terhadap narasi MNLF tentang Pertempuran Jolo Tahun 1974, penulis berpendapat bahwa banyak penyintas ingin melupakan dan mengalihkan perhatian mereka dari tragedi perang dan kekerasan di atas. Sementara, konstruksi ingatan mereka mengungkapkan lapisan-lapisan masalah yang dihadapi oleh Muslim Mindanao dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Beberapa penyintas sangat ingin mendokumentasikan pengalaman mereka untuk mendapatkan kembali hak pilihan mereka, sementara banyak dari mereka tetap meneruskan cerita tentang kenangan kolektif dan pelajaran hidup ini kepada generasi Tausug berikutnya. ]