bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis on Structural Stress of 8×8 Infrared Focal Plane Array Integrating with Microlens Arrays
Authors: Zhang Li Wen , Shao Ming , Yu Qiang , Li Peng Fei
Published: January 2012

Based on finite element analysis, the structural stress of 8×8 InSb Infrared Focal Plane Array integrating with microlens arrays dependent on indium bump sizes is systemically researched. Simulation results show that as the diameters of indium bump increase from 16μm to 38μm in step of 2μm, the maximum stress existing in InSb chip first reduces, then increases, and reaches minimum with indium bump diameter 32μm. Yet the maximum stress in the indium bump array is almost unchangeable and keeps at 16.5MPa. The maximum stress in Si readout integrated circuit almost half stress in InSb chip. Besides, the stress appearing on those regions situating just on microlens array is much smaller than its surrounding regions, and the stress distribution is uniform at contacting areas between InSb chip and indium bump.
Development Status and Competitiveness Analysis of Automobile Industrial Cluster in Xiangyang
Authors: Wang Fen
Published: January 2012

The automotive industry has long industry chains, supporting links and complex-round about methods of production. This article uses SWOT analysis method to analyze in detail the current situation, characteristics and prospect of Xianyang automobile industrial clusters development. Xiangyang has the definitely advantage of new energy and the biggest seat angle adjustment of Hubei. the essay points out that promote strategy advices of automobile industrial cluster rapid development in Xiangyang includes three aspects: optimize and adjust the inner industry structure, describe a refinement of the industry chain, coordinate development of automobile industry with Wuhan, Shiyan and etc.
On Preparation of High Permeability Mn-Zn Ferrite
Authors: Zhu Wei
Published: January 2012

With the development of electronic information technology, the electronic equipment are required to be smaller, lighter and more reliable, which puts forwards a higher request to the electronic elements with ferrite materials. In this dissertation, high permittivity MnZn ferrite are fabricated by solid state reaction method with Fe2O3,MnOand ZnO as starting raw material.The effects of formulation and sintering technique on the properties of the samples were studied. Finally, the results showed that: the best formula of high permeability Mn-Zn ferrite is Fe2O3: MnO: ZnO = 51:25:24mol%;the best sintering temperature is 1360 °C.
Control Technique Research of Key Quality Characteristic during the Mechanical and Electrical Production Manufacturing Process
Authors: Yang Hui
Published: January 2012

with the technique development, mechanical and electrical production types are increasing. The production quality problems concern the development of the whole enterprise. It is the key point that manufacturing industry is focusing on. During the manufacturing process, there need to seriously control and manage each link. This provides severe test to the enterprise financial resources, labor power and material resources. Control the key quality characteristic during the manufacturing process will apply to ensure the whole production quality
Design of SPR Spectrometer Automatic Sampling Control System
Authors: Yu Yan Xin , Chen Yu , Hu Xue
Published: January 2012

SPR detection technique is widely applied in biology, chemistry and other fields. Usually the unknown sample is liquid, so automatic sampling control system is an important part of SPR spectrometer. This paper introduces an automatic sampling control system design as the core of microcontroller and step motor, of which the main function is to control the volume and speed of trace liquid sample according to the parameters set by operators via user interface based on LabVIEW software. The test results show that the system has the advantages of convenient operation, high intelligence, high accuracy and so on, compared with the traditional instruments.
Optimization and Setting of Content and Structure of Soil Mechanics
Authors: Feng Qiang , Chen Yong , Zhang Guo Dong
Published: January 2012

Existing problems of Soil Mechanics are discussed in China Three Gorges University, the teaching contents are summarized and optimized, and teaching hours are reasonably arranged, which will provide a good foundation to improve the quality of teaching.
The Application of Fractional Order Calculus in Closed-Loop System Control
Authors: Feng Yun Fang
Published: January 2012

A design method of fractional controller has been developed to meet the five different specifications, including for the closed-loop system robustness. The specifications of cross frequency, phase to get financing ϕ meters and robustness and complete performance curve based on level off the stage of open loop system, ensure damping is worse reaction time of model uncertainty gain change.
A Modification of Pragmatical Generalized Synchronization of Chaotic Systems with Uncertain Parameters by Adaptive Control
Authors: Zhang Wen Guang , Lei Jun Wei , Liang Guo Qiang
Published: January 2012

A modification to the synchronization law in [Zheng-Ming Ge, Pragmatical generalized synchronization of chaotic systems with uncertain parameters by adaptive control, Physica D (2007) 87-94] is proposed. To verify and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a numerical simulation is done and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the system with time step size 0.001.
The Application of Software Engineering in Intelligent System Validating
Authors: Feng Gui Liang , Liu Wei Dong , Wang Shu Hong
Published: January 2012

As that of coordination and ISO 15288, discipline system engineering and software engineering processes, methods have a lot in common, and concerns. In most of the system software interest, now offers an important function, more and more is the most significant factors determine the non-functional attributes. In the implementation of the system collection and failure are often attributed to the system and/or software engineering recovery. Need to use systems engineering software design and development, and need to incorporate software engineering concepts into system engineering, suggests that the decision of the two disciplines the close relationship between is appropriate. This article describes a definite theory integrating the two disciplines, defines a framework on establishing a vocabulary integration, and gives the use of this framework preliminary results to describe the system and software integration of defense plans.
A Method of Layout Rearrangement for Enterprise Logistics System
Authors: Yang Jian Hua
Published: January 2012

Firstly, application of SLP and SHA method in design course of general layout is introduced including basic element analysis, logistics analysis, procedure analysis, interrelation analysis. The method is offered which design the layout rearrangement of enterprise logistics based on the combination of SLP and SHA. Then aiming at achieving the lowest transportation amount, analyzing the producing procedure and logistics status in a certain corporation, the installation and logistics systems are rearranged and reassessed in a department of the plant adopting the theory of SLP and SHA. Through contrasting, the result is found that workshop attains the logistics smooth, transport the route the most short, shorten to produce period and lower the production cost.
Synthesis of Li0.6Zn1.2PO4 and its Selectivity to Li+ Exchange
Authors: Li Heng
Published: January 2012

The ion-exchanger Li0.6Zn1.2PO4of spinel type was prepared by a solid state reaction crystallization method. The extraction/insertion reaction with this material was investigated by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The experimental results have proved that the acid-treated sample has a capacity of exchange 2.4mmol•g-1for Li+in the solution, The chemical analysis showed that the Li+extraction/insertion progressed mainly by ion-exchange mechanism and surface adsorption.
Study on Traditional Textile Machinery in Southeast of Shanxi Province
Authors: Wei Lu
Published: January 2012

. The southeast of Shanxi province was famous for Lu silk in Ming and Qing dynasties, which mainly includes Ze and Lu regions. This thesis discuses the existing spinning wheels and looms in this region, and try to explore the historical development of textile machinery from Song dynasty to 1980s.It will contribute to the research on development of wooden looms in ancient China.
Simulation Analysis on Sucking Process Outflow Phenomenon in Piezoelectric Pump
Authors: Liu Yong , Yang Zhi Gang , Wu Yue
Published: January 2012

: The author has found the sucking process outflow phenomenon existing in piezoelectric pump during the outflow experiment. To explain the reason of outflow in sucking process, the fluid-structure interaction model of piezoelectric vibrator, fluid and check valve is founded. The simulation analysis turns out that the pump chamber pressure increases sharply in the later of sucking process because of the flow inertia, which is the root cause of sucking process outflow. The output flow should include two part, bulk flow and inertial flow, which will provide theoretical reference to piezoelectric pump outflow control.
Design and Implementation of Integrated Case Packer Based on High Speed Pick-and-Place Robot
Authors: Mei Jiang Ping , Yu Dong Xing , Cheng Xing Quan
Published: January 2012

The packing robot in China is less developed than western countries at present. For the demand of packaging in food and beverage industry, the integrated case packer based on robot is developed and used in production line. The scheme and layout of the system with seven subsystems is proposed. With the identification of the critical path, the process is analyzed to improve the efficiency of the integrated case packer. Finally, path planning and motion parameters of packing operation are optimized and its experimental research is carried out, which verifies the feasibility of system design. The equipment is applied in Hangzhou WaHaha Group Co., Ltd. with a desired result.
Flapping Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle Attitude Control with Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller Based on RBF Neural Network
Authors: Hu Sheng Bin , Lu Wen Hua , Lu Min Xun
Published: January 2012

A adaptive fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (SMC) scheme based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) for attitude tracking control of Flapping Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle (FWMAV) is proposed in this paper. A RBFNN is used to compute the equivalent control of sliding mode control, An adaptive algorithm is used for weight adaptation of the RBFNN and A Lyapunov function is selected for the design of the SMC. The simulation results of FWMAV demonstrate that the control scheme is effective.
Method Study on Digital-Model Conversion of Magnetic Worm from CAD Software to ANSYS Software
Authors: Wang Zhi Ming , Wang Yu Chao , Tang Dong Mei
Published: January 2012

In order to solve the model element-missing problem of magnetic worm during the transmission process from Pro/Engineer software to ANSYS software, the paper proposes a novel transmission method. Tooth surface point-data file is established by the MATLAB software. Then the tooth surface curve is generated by the Pro/Engineer software according to the point-data file. The curve is imported into ANSYS software to set up the finite element analysis model. Finally grids are divided by the ANSYS software. After a series of programming and related works, the finite element model of the worm is established in ANSYS software and it indicates that this method is practical and effective and successfully resolved the model element-missing problem of magnetic worm during the transmission process from Pro/Engineer software to ANSYS software.
Decoupling Robust Control of Three-Link Direct Drive Robot Arm
Authors: Zhang C. , Zhao G. , Xiao Y. , Yang X.
Published: January 2012

This paper introduces the mechanical structure of a three-link direct drive SCARA for wafer handling application. The dynamic modeling of the presented SCARA is derived and the coupling effect of the system is studied. A decoupling method based on computed torque control is employed in the implementation. Robust control is applied to design the SISO controllers after the system is decoupled. The experimental test results demonstrate satisfying dynamic, settling and static performances by utilizing the decoupling robust control.
Analysis on the Mechanical Behavior of Pipe Roof and Rock Bolt of Shallow and Unsymmetrical Tunnel in Soft Rock
Authors: Cheng Xu Dong , Qin Peng Ju
Published: January 2012

In this paper, the mechanical behaviors of pipe roof and bolt of shallow and unsymmetrical tunnel in soft rock are analyzed. Through the finite element software Phase2.0, combined with the geological conditions that construction site often appear, the mechanical behaviors of pipe roof and bolt and surrounding rock in the process of horseshoe highway tunnel construction in the condition that surface is soft rock and underground for the bedrock are analyzed. Research results show that: after tunnel excavation in soft rock, surrounding rock near the tunnel is easy to suffer soft-rock large deformation even failure, which needs to timely support；Due to the impact of the unsymmetrical tunnel, the mechanical behaviors of surrounding rock are unsymmetrical, such as the maximum displacement of tunnel around 0.4 m distant from apex of arch ring, the stress is asymmetrical on both sides of the tunnel arch ring etc; In addition, pipe roof can effectively prevent from the displacement of soft rock strata, improve tunnel strength factor, reduce the plastic zone of surrounding rock. This paper provides theoretical basis for the design of pipe roof and bolt.
The Research of Mica Pulp Concentration Detecting which Is Based on Laser with 650nm Wavelength
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhu Ying Bo
Published: January 2012

In order to solve the in-line inspection concerning mica-pulp which is in the state of lower concentration (0-6‰)& general concentration (1%-5%).And according to the photometric characteristics of absorption and scattering about mica-particles, we propose that the laser of wavelength (650nm) can be implemented the in-line inspection of concentration. Meanwhile, we gained the good effects regardless of whether adopted the theory of single scattering in the limit of lower concentration or use the theory of multiple scattering with respect to particle systems in the limit of general concentration. Thus, we can divide the inspection areas of concentration into linear zone (single scattering) & exponential region (multiple scattering) through the experiments data.Whereas, the precision of inspection can be up to 0.1‰ among the limit of lower concentration. Due to some phenomena anomalous scattering which its concentration only can be up to 6% in the certain condition of incident light. If adding intensity of light source which can increase the width of linear zone & exponential region, the valid region of inspection will be improved naturally. Thus, as for mica, the method of laser is extremely nice; its precision of inspection is high either.
Structural Optimization of Woven Fabric with Curved Surface
Authors: Wang Yan Fang , Guo Xing Feng
Published: January 2012

The woven fabric with curved surfaces is a kind of single layer woven fabrics, which was produced to smoothly fit three-dimensional solids. The warp or weft of the winding fabric bend were normally made with different lengths, which may result in shear deformation in many cases and accordingly twisting the structure of the fabric after fitted onto the solid. In order to solve the problem mentioned above, a theoretical formula was used to calculate the optimal intervals of the pick-spacing and an improved structure thus was developed in this study.
Fractal Prediction of Porosity in Clastic Rock Based on GIS
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Ting Shan , Ding Guang Ming , Wang Wei Yuan , Xiang Yu
Published: January 2012

Due to the complexity of sedimentary process of the strata, the distribution of porosity in clastic rock is not homogeneous but random. From the point of microscopic structure, pores in reservoir rock are fractal, and the fractal dimension can describe quantitatively the complexity and the heterogeneity of pore distributions. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a kind of technological system collecting, storing, managing, computing, analyzing, displaying and describing the geospatial information supported by computer software and hardware. In the last 15-20 years, GIS have been increasingly used to address a wide variety of geoscience problems. This paper first calculated the pore fractal dimension in three casting thin sections of clastic rock which came from cores of FengTan1 Well and FengCan3 Well in Dangfeng-Xinghua, JiangSu Province using box-counting method, then predicted the porosity according to the porosity fractal model of rocks in GIS environment. In the last we compared the fractal porosity prediction results with mercury experimental data, and we saw the differences were not significant, so the method in this paper to predict porosity of clastic rock is easy to implement and has high precision.
Wavelength Adaptive Assignment Scheme for Optical Transport Network in Intelligent Highway System
Authors: Hou Lian Xing , Wei Meng
Published: January 2012

In this paper, a wavelength adaptive assignment scheme called CExF (collision-evaluated adaptive fit) has been proposed for Optical Transport Network in Intelligent Highway to solve the date intensive scheduling. CExF assign a limited and more accurate weight, where the weight denotes the concurrent reservation probability, and the destination can select a wavelength with less collision probability by a new adaptive wavelength assignment according to the weight. Simulations show that CExF performs better in backward blocking, and even in forward blocking under medium traffic loads.
Study on Online System for Strength Detection of Laminated Veneer Lumber Based on Vertical Vibration
Authors: Zhao Suo Fei , Sa Chao , Yang Na
Published: January 2012

This paper introduces an online system for detecting the strength of Laminated Veneer Lumber with vertical vibration methods. This system uses an acquisition card which type is PCI-1710HG developed by Advantech to collect data. Also it processes data with industrial computer. By computing the vibration signal’s logarithmic attenuation rate and dynamic elastic modulus the system can achieve the online nondestructive strength detection of LVL. This paper mainly discusses the system’s detection principle and detection methods, also it gives the hardware structure and software design. The system has been tested and verified by the experiment.
Dynamic Models of Stability Lobes of Milling Thin-Walled Plates
Authors: Ma Hai Long , Tang Ai Jun , Chen Qing Kui
Published: January 2012

In the process of milling thin-walled plate, chatter is one of the major limitations on productivity and part quality even for high speed and high precision milling machines. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid chatter with a suitable choice of cutting condition. This paper studies the dynamic stability models of milling the thin-walled plate by analyzing the geometrical relationship of cutting, and derives the mathematic expressions in theory. Moreover, this paper develops a three-dimensional lobes diagram of the spindle speed, the axial depth and the radial depth. Through the three-dimensional lobes, it is possible to choose the appropriate cutting parameters according to the dynamic behavior of the chatter system.
Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Functional Properties of Whey Protein Isolates
Authors: Liu Zhi Dong , Guo Ben Heng , Su Mi Ya , Wang Yin Yu
Published: January 2012

The effect of ultrasonic treatment on some functional properties whey protein isolates (WPIs) was investigated. The water holding capacity of WPIs treated by ultrasound was not significantly changed. The oil holding capacity of WPIs treated by ultrasonic was significantly higher than that by untreated by ultrasonic, especially the power of 50 %. The foaming capacity of WPIs treated by ultrasonic was higher than that by untreated by ultrasonic, while the foaming stability of WPIs treated by ultrasonic was higher than that by untreated by ultrasonic.The emulsifying capacity is almost unchanged. These results showed that ultrasonic treatment could effectively affected some functional properties of WPIs be associated with the sonication time and power density. Therefore, some functional properties of WPIs can be modified by ultrasonic treatment.
Development of Whole Life Cycle Management System on Cutting Tool
Authors: Xu Jin Yan , Wang Gui Cheng , Liu Gang
Published: January 2012

The research which aimed at low integration and inefficiency of the management in the existing tool management of the machinery manufacturing enterprise (group) in our country, developed tool whole life cycle management system software. It based on the tool whole life cycle theory and adopted Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 language and Access2003 database. The system could do a series of operation, such as, tool purchasing application, tool adding, tool modifying, tool inquiry, tool borrowing and return, tool breakage forecast. And it could make assembling and disassembling tool sheets according to techniques plan. The system could use network database to store the data and output the data by the form of sheet. And it achieved tool information inquiry, distribution and integrated management.
Optimization of Inlet Temperature of Methanol Synthesis Reactor of LURGI Type
Authors: Chen Lei , Jiang Qing Zhe , Song Zhao Zheng , Chen Lei
Published: January 2012

This paper presents an optimization study of inlet temperature of methanol synthesis reactor of LURGI type by using commercial simulator Aspen Plus and Aspen Energy Analyzer. The optimization routine is coupled to a steady-state model of the methanol synthesis reactor. By investigating the influences on methanol production and heat exchanger network synthesis, the inlet temperature of the reactor is optimized. when the inlet temperature is 230°C, the economic benefits of the methanol plant is maximized which could be increased by $ 44883.28/ year.
FLI Co-Simulation Applied and Realized in Rail Profile Automatic Detection System
Authors: Chen Lei , Tian Xiao Yan , Pang Jiao
Published: January 2012

High speed image processing has a dilemma of that software-based approach lock real-time property while hardware-based approach has high modeling complexity. In order to solve above problem, this paper adopted the technical solution of Modelsim co-simulation with foreign language interface (FLI). Co-simulation technology, combining with rail sections image processing system as simulation platform, comprehensive using C language’s high flexibility in data processing , Modelsim’s high reliability in simulate FPGA, and take use of dynamic partially allocation methods, heavy effectively reduced the complexity of image processing system and storage space. Practice proves, this means provide a reliable basis for scheme verification of FPGA image processing system.
Structure Optimization of Ship Unloader for Weight Reduction by FEA
Authors: Yu Sui Ran , Zhang Quan Fei
Published: January 2012

This paper introduces a optimize design method of ship unloader. The traditional structure design method is totally by experience and manual calculation, while this method is using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method to optimize the structure of ship unloader. Therefore this method may keep the stress and deformation of the structure under permission with less use of materials. First we use the FEA analysis software ANSYS to analyze the static strength and stiffness of grab ship unloader, and get its stress and deformation under different work conditions. Then we evaluate the results and modify the structures to improve the performances of the structure under the complex working conditions. Case study shows this method is effective and efficient in practical use.
Mechanical Analysis for Asphalt Surface in Transverse Contraction Joint of Porous Concrete Base
Authors: Suo Li Jun , Hu Xia Guang
Published: January 2012

In the field of asphalt pavement, the study has shown that porous concrete base has a good performance of drainage capacity. When porous concrete is used in asphalt pavement, problem of water damage for asphalt pavement can be settled effectively. Because of that, more and more porous concrete base have been applied to asphalt pavement construction in recent years. As a matter of fact, it is necessary to do mechanical analysis for asphalt surface, which is located in the middle of porous concrete base’s transverse contraction joint, in order to put forward theoretical basis for asphalt surface design. In the paper, three–dimension finite element model of asphalt pavement, which includes transverse contraction joint of porous concrete base and asphalt surface, is created for the aim of doing mechanical analysis of asphalt surface which is located in transverse contraction joint of porous concrete base. Based on numerical method, finite element software, such as ANSYS, is employed to do mechanical analysis for asphalt surface which is located in transverse contraction joint of porous concrete base of asphalt pavement. Mechanical analysis show that load stress is compressive stress, and maximum shearing stress, which is caused by load, is evident in asphalt surface which is located in transverse contraction joint of porous concrete base of asphalt pavement. Maximum shearing stress decrease, decrease, decrease and increase respectively with increase of the surface’s modulus, the surface’s thickness, base’s thickness and ratio of base’s modulus to foundation’s modulus. Meanwhile, maximum shearing stress, which is caused by thermal stress, increase and decrease respectively with increase of surface’s modulus and ratio of base’s modulus to foundation’s modulus.
Micro-Image with Photo-Acid Generator Polymer Nano Sheet
Authors: Li Tie Sheng , Li Gao Jian , Xu Wen Jian , Sun Yong Ming , Wu Yang Jie , Miyashita Tokuji
Published: January 2012

A new application of polymer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films which contain a photoacid generator introduced into polymer main chain as a co-monomer to draw photo patterns as a photolithographic is described here. The chemically positive-tone resist system terpolymers p (DDMA-DNMMA-AOPTs) s used here contains N-dodecylmeth acrylamide (DDMA), 1,4-dioxaspiro [4.4] nonane-2-methylmeth acrylate and 4-(allyloxy) phenyl-4-toluenesulfonate (AOPTs), which was prepared by free radical polymerization. In the terpolymers system, the acid generated by the PAG catalyzed the ketal moiety liberates cyclopentanone and regenerating derivative of glyceryl alcohol in an exposed region during the postexposure baking process. The rending moiety is dissolved into alkaline aqueous to form a positive tone in the expose region. The decompose mechanism of [p (DDMA-DNMMA-AOPTs) s] LB films irradiated by deep UV light was investigated. The photopatterning properties were also investigated. Results showed that the resolution of patterns with p (DDMA-DNMMA-AOPTs) s b LB films with 40 layers were 0.75μm which is the limit resolution of the photo-mask employed in the experiment. The effect of photogenerated acid from the photo-acid generator after irradiated by deep UV light on a typical chemically amplified resist system was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, which showed that the existence of the photoacid generator of AOPTs in terpolymer can improve the sensitivity of ketal-protected polymers without decreasing resolution.
Carbothermic Reduction and Chlorination of Alumina with Coal in Vacuum
Authors: Yu Qing Chun , Wang Ping Yan , Yang Bin , Cui Chong Long , Zhang Han , Wang Chen
Published: January 2012

Metal aluminum was produced in a vacuum furnace using coal as reductant and aluminum chloride as chlorination agent and examined by means of XRD and SEM. The produced metal aluminum was impure. Reaction mechanism analysis showed that the carbothermic reduction of alumina with coal occurred following the chlorination, then metal aluminum was accquired and condensed on the collecting plate. A probable mechanism concerning carbothermic reduction and chlorination was discussed.
Modeling Hot Rolling Based on RBF Neural Networks and Thermo-Mechanical Coupling FEM
Authors: Xiong Zhi Qiang , Li You Rong , Zhang Hong , Li Hong Mei , Liu Chang Ming
Published: January 2012

In the modeling of rolling process, the result from FEM is influenced by the accuracy of the resistance of deformation model of material which is often from the experiment using isothermal compression at elevated temperatures. But the state under high temperature is unstable in lab. And the flow stress model under the lab condition is not consistent to the hot rolling field condition. This paper will employ the RBF artificial neural networks to train the random sample from the field data and get the relation between the rolling force and the parameters of hot rolling. The array of the rolling force and temperature under special condition can be then obtained and the resistance of deformation model will be built by applying the S.EKLUND formula. Finally, the thermo-mechanical coupling FEM with the resistance of deformation model got from RBF method is used to simulate the hot rolling process. The simulated experiment shows the modeling data is fit to the field data.
Research on the Proper Use of Chassis Cetralized Stuffing Lubrication System
Authors: Zhang Gui Rong
Published: January 2012

The automatic stuffing lubrication system can appropriately provide a fixed amount of high-voltage grease for each lubrication point according to the conditions under which a vehicle is operated, thus stuffing and lubricating vehicles while they are on the move and automatically monitoring the lubrication conditions during the entire process. The essay focus on not only the analysis of the working condition of chassis centralized stuffing lubrication system, the functions and proper use of controller ,sub-oil device ,lubrication pump , but also the analysis of the installation and testing methods of centralized grease lubrication system.
Analysis of Micro-Explosion Phenomenon in a Constant Volume Chamber by Butanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Jun , Gao Ying , Yuan Xin Mei
Published: January 2012

Different blend ratio of ternary component fuel was tested inside a constant volume chamber to investigate fuel injection and combustion under similar real engine working conditions. Because liquid spray light scattering is the different reflective rate from the liquid droplets and its surrounding background, butanol-biodiesel-diesel liquid jet penetration length can be highlighted in the images taken by high speed camera. Various ambient temperatures from 800K to 1200K and fuel composition were investigated. Measured results showed that sudden but repeatable drop of liquid jet penetration length at constant ambient temperature conditions of 800K and 900K. With ambient temperature increasing, this phenomenon became weak and disappeared. So more works focus on non-combusting experiments in order to delete combustion reflect. With butanol and biodiesel content increasing, micro explosion becomes prone excited and more violent because of the enlarged differences in volatilities and boiling point among the components. It is concluded that micro explosion which will distinctly enhances premixed combustion process and heat release rate but it present under certain initial ambient temperature conditions only and the light fuel content shouldn’t be lower than 10%.
Th17 Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Express Higher Levels of JAK2, Which Increases Their Surface Expression of IFN-γR2
Authors: Conti Laura , De Palma Raffaele , Rolla Simona , Boselli Daniela , Rodolico Gabriella , Kaur Surinder , Silvennoinen Olli , Niccolai Elena , Amedei Amedeo , Ivaldi Federico , Clerico Marinella , Contessa Giulia , Uccelli Antonio , Durelli Luca , Novelli Francesco
Published: January 2012

IFN-β inhibits the expansion of Th17 cells in active multiple sclerosis (AMS), and this might contribute to improve the clinical symptoms. The effectiveness of this inhibition, however, requires intact IFN-γ signaling in T cells. In this study, we report that both mRNA and cell surface expression of the signaling chain of the IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR2) and its cognate tyrosine kinase JAK2 are enhanced in peripheral blood Th17 cells and clones from patients with AMS compared with those with inactive multiple sclerosis (IMS) or healthy subjects (HS). IFN-γ decreased the frequency of Th17 peripheral cells and proliferation of Th17 clones from AMS patients. Stimulation of PBMCs from HS in Th17-polarizing conditions resulted in the enhancement of JAK2 expression and accumulation of cell surface IFN-γR2. The role of JAK2 in the modulation of IFN-γR2 was demonstrated as its transduction prevented rapid internalization and degradation of IFN-γR2 in JAK2-deficient γ2A cells. In conclusion, these data identify JAK2 as a critical factor that stabilizes IFN-γR2 surface expression in Th17 cells from AMS patients, making them sensitive to IFN-γ. These data may have clinical implications for a better use of IFNs in multiple sclerosis and possibly other inflammatory diseases.
Cells Exposed to Sublethal Oxidative Stress Selectively Attract Monocytes/Macrophages via Scavenger Receptors and MyD88-Mediated Signaling
Authors: Geiger-Maor Anat , Levi Inbar , Even-Ram Sharona , Smith Yoav , Bowdish Dawn M. , Nussbaum Gabriel , Rachmilewitz Jacob
Published: January 2012

The innate immune system responds to endogenous molecules released during cellular stress or those that have undergone modifications normally absent in healthy tissue. These structures are detected by pattern-recognition receptors, alerting the immune system to “danger.” In this study, we looked for early signals that direct immune cells to cells undergoing stress before irreversible damage takes place. To avoid detecting signals emanating from apoptotic or necrotic cells we exposed fibroblasts to sublethal oxidative stress. Our results indicate that both nonenzymatic chemical reactions and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2–mediated enzymatic activity released signals from fibroblasts that selectively attracted CD14+ monocytes but not T, NK, and NKT cells or granulocytes. Splenocytes from MyD88−/− mice did not migrate, and treatment with an inhibitory peptide that blocks MyD88 dimerization abrogated human monocyte migration. Monocyte migration was accompanied by downmodulation of CD14 expression and by the phosphorylation of IL-1R–associated kinase 1, a well-known MyD88-dependent signaling molecule. The scavenger receptor inhibitors, dextran sulfate and fucoidan, attenuated monocyte migration toward stressed cells and IL-1R–associated kinase 1 phosphorylation. Surprisingly, although monocyte migration was MyD88 dependent, it was not accompanied by inflammatory cytokine secretion. Taken together, these results establish a novel link between scavenger receptors and MyD88 that together function as sensors of oxidation-associated molecular patterns and induce monocyte motility. Furthermore, the data indicate that MyD88 independently regulates monocyte activation and motility.
Acquisition of Antigen-Presenting Functions by Neutrophils Isolated from Mice with Chronic Colitis
Authors: Ostanin Dmitry V. , Kurmaeva Elvira , Furr Katie , Bao Richard , Hoffman Jason , Berney Seth , Grisham Matthew B.
Published: January 2012

Active episodes of the inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with the infiltration of large numbers of myeloid cells including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. The objective of this study was to systematically characterize and define the different populations of myeloid cells generated in a mouse model of chronic gut inflammation. Using the T cell transfer model of chronic colitis, we found that induction of disease was associated with enhanced production of myelopoietic cytokines (IL-17 and G-CSF), increased production of neutrophils and monocytes, and infiltration of large numbers of myeloid cells into the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and colon. Detailed characterization of these myeloid cells revealed three major populations including Mac-1+Ly6ChighGr-1low/neg cells (monocytes), Mac-1+Ly6CintGr-1+ cells (neutrophils), and Mac-1+Ly6Clow/negGr-1low/neg leukocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells, and eosinophils). In addition, we observed enhanced surface expression of MHC class II and CD86 on neutrophils isolated from the inflamed colon when compared with neutrophils obtained from the blood, the MLNs, and the spleen of colitic mice. Furthermore, we found that colonic neutrophils had acquired APC function that enabled these granulocytes to induce proliferation of OVA-specific CD4+ T cells in an Ag- and MHC class II-dependent manner. Finally, we observed a synergistic increase in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production following coculture of T cells with neutrophils in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that extravasated neutrophils acquire APC function within the inflamed bowel where they may perpetuate chronic gut inflammation by inducing T cell activation and proliferation as well as by enhancing production of proinflammatory mediators.
Prevalence of Chewing Side Preference in the Deciduous, Mixed and Permanent Dentitions
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Pucci Cesar Rogério , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , de Paiva Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo , da Silva Melissa Aline , Batista Graziela Ribeiro , Pleffken Patricia Rondon
Published: January 2012

Aim

This study evaluated the prevalence of the chewing side preference (CSP) in the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions.

Materials and methods

Three-hundred subjects were divided in three groups (n = 100): Group 1 – children with deciduous dentition; group 2—children with mixed dentition; group 3 – subjects with permanent dentition. The CSP was determined using a direct method (visual observation) developed by McDonnell et al. (2004). Descriptive statistic was used to observe the prevalence of CSP. The Pearson's Chi-square was used to investigate signicant associations between gender, presence of CSP and preferred side (right/left).

Results and conclusion

Eighty-seven percent of group 1 had a CSP. Eighty-two percent of group 2 had a CSP. Seventy-six percent of group 3 had a CSP. There was no statistically significant association between presence of CSP and gender in all groups. There was no statistically significant association between preferred side (right/left) and gender in all groups.

Clinical significance

There is a higher prevalence of subjects in deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition that presented chewing side preference. The early diagnosis of the presence of chewing side preference can prevent the unilateral chewing pattern with prophylactic therapy applied to the first teeth (deciduous).

How to cite this article

Barcellos DC, de Paiva Gonçalves SE, da Silva MA, Batista GR, Pleffken PR, Pucci CR, Borges AB, Torres CRG. Prevalence of Chewing Side Preference in the Deciduous, Mixed and Permanent Dentitions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011; 12(5):339-342.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Maxillofacial Defect in a Chondrosarcoma Patient
Authors: Katyayan Preeti Agarwal , Katyayan Manish , Kalavathy N
Published: January 2012

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor in which the tumor cells produce cartilage but not bone. The recommended management is wide local or radical excision, followed by surgical and prosthetic reconstruction. This article explains postsurgical prosthetic rehabilitation of a chondrosarcoma patient by means of intraoral acrylic, and extraoral silicone prosthesis for restoration of normal orofacial function and appearance.

How to cite this article

Katyayan PA, Katyayan M, Kalavathy N. Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Maxillofacial Defect in a Chondrosarcoma Patient. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(5): 398-403.
Receptor modeling of near-roadway aerosol mass spectrometer data in Las Vegas, Nevada, with EPA PMF
Authors: Brown S. G. , Lee T. , Norris G. A. , Roberts P. T. , Collett J. L. , Paatero P. , Worsnop D. R.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. Ambient non-refractory PM1 aerosol particles were measured with an Aerodyne High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-AMS) at an elementary school 18 m from the US 95 freeway soundwall in Las Vegas, Nevada, during January 2008. Additional collocated continuous measurements of black carbon (BC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and meteorological data were collected. The US~Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) positive matrix factorization (PMF) data analysis tool was used to apportion organic matter (OM) as measured by HR-AMS, and rotational tools in EPA PMF were used to better characterize the solution space and pull resolved factors toward known source profiles. Three- to six-factor solutions were resolved. The four-factor solution was the most interpretable, with the typical AMS PMF factors of hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA), biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), and semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SV-OOA). When the measurement site was downwind of the freeway, HOA composed about half the OM, with SV-OOA and LV-OOA accounting for the rest. Attempts to pull the PMF factor profiles toward source profiles were successful but did not qualitatively change the results, indicating that these factors are very stable. Oblique edges were present in G-space plots, suggesting that the obtained rotation may not be the most plausible one. Since solutions found by pulling the profiles or using Fpeak retained these oblique edges, there appears to be little rotational freedom in the base solution. On average, HOA made up 26% of the OM, while LV-OOA was highest in the afternoon and accounted for 26% of the OM. BBOA occurred in the evening hours, was predominantly from the residential area to the north, and on average constituted 12% of the OM; SV-OOA accounted for the remaining third of the OM. Use of the pulling techniques available in EPA PMF and ME-2 suggested that the four-factor solution was very stable.
Oceanic controls on the primary production of the northwest European continental shelf: model experiments under recent past conditions and a potential future scenario
Authors: Holt J. , Butenschön M. , Wakelin S. L. , Artioli Y. , Allen J. I.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. In this paper we clearly demonstrate that changes in oceanic nutrients are a first order factor in determining changes in the primary production of the northwest European continental shelf on time scales of 5–10 yr. We present a series of coupled hydrodynamic ecosystem modelling simulations, using the POLCOMS-ERSEM system. These are forced by both reanalysis data and a single example of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (OA-GCM) representative of possible conditions in 2080–2100 under an SRES A1B emissions scenario, along with the corresponding present day control. The OA-GCM forced simulations show a substantial reduction in surface nutrients in the open-ocean regions of the model domain, comparing future and present day time-slices. This arises from a large increase in oceanic stratification. Tracer transport experiments identify a substantial fraction of on-shelf water originates from the open-ocean region to the south of the domain, where this increase is largest, and indeed the on-shelf nutrient and primary production are reduced as this water is transported on-shelf. This relationship is confirmed quantitatively by comparing changes in winter nitrate with total annual nitrate uptake. The reduction in primary production by the reduced nutrient transport is mitigated by on-shelf processes relating to temperature, stratification (length of growing season) and recycling. Regions less exposed to ocean-shelf exchange in this model (Celtic Sea, Irish Sea, English Channel, and Southern North Sea) show a modest increase in primary production (of 5–10%) compared with a decrease of 0–20% in the outer shelf, Central and Northern North Sea. These findings are backed up by a boundary condition perturbation experiment and a simple mixing model.
Dissolved organic carbon dynamics in a UK podzolic moorland catchment: linking storm hydrochemistry, flow path analysis and sorption experiments
Authors: Stutter M. I. , Dunn S. M. , Lumsdon D. G.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. Better knowledge of spatial and temporal delivery of dissolved organic Carbon (DOC) in small catchments is required to understand the mechanisms behind reported long-term changes in C fluxes from some peatlands. We monitored two storms with contrasting seasons and antecedent conditions in a small upland UK moorland catchment. We examined DOC concentrations and specific UV absorbance (SUVA at 285 nm), together with solute concentrations required to undertake end member mixing analyses to define dominant flow paths contributing to streamflow. This was combined with laboratory soil-solution equilibrations. We aimed to resolve how seasonal biogeochemical processing of DOC and flowpath changes in organo-mineral soils combine to affect DOC exported via the stream. An August storm following a dry period gave maximum DOC concentration of 10 mg l−1. Small DOC:DON ratios (16–28) and SUVA (2.7–3.6 l mg−1 m−1) was attributed to filtration of aromatic compounds associated with up to 53% B horizon flow contributions. This selective filtration of high SUVA DOC was reproduced in the experimental batch equilibration system. For a November storm, wetter antecedent soil conditions led to enhanced soil connectivity with the stream and seven times greater DOC stream-load (maximum concentration 16 mg l−1). This storm had a 63% O horizon flow contribution at its peak, limited B horizon buffering and consequently more aromatic DOC (SUVA 3.9–4.5 l mg−1 m−1 and DOC:DON ratio 35–43). We suggest that simple mixing of waters from different flow paths cannot alone explain the differences in DOC compositions between August and November and biogeochemical processing of DOC is required to fully explain the observed stream DOC dynamics. This is in contrast to other studies proposing hydrological controls and provides evidence that DOC biogeochemistry must be incorporated in modelling to predict the impacts of changes in DOC delivery to aquatic systems.
The Aptian evaporites of the South Atlantic: a climatic paradox?
Authors: Chaboureau A.-C. , Donnadieu Y. , Sepulchre P. , Robin C. , Guillocheau F. , Rohais S.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. For a long time, evaporitic sequences have been interpreted as indicative of an arid climate. Such systematic interpretations led to the suggestion that the central segment of the South Atlantic (20°–0°) was characterized by an arid climate during the upper Aptian. Indeed, synchronous to this period that corresponds to the rifting and to the opening of this part of the South Atlantic, a large evaporitic sequence spreads out from the equator to 20° S. Using the fully ocean atmosphere coupled model FOAM, we test the potential for the Aptian geography to produce an arid area over the central segment. Sensitivity to the altitude of the rift shoulders separating the Africa and the South America cratons, to the water depth of the central segment and to the drainage pattern have been performed. Using seawater salinity as a diagnostic, our simulations show that the southern part of the central segment is characterized by very high salinity in the case of catchment areas draining the water out of the central segment. Conversely, whatever the boundary conditions used, the northern part of the central segment remains humid and salinities are very low. Hence, we conclude that the evaporites deposited in the southern part of the central segment may have been controlled by the climate favouring aridity and high saline waters. In contrast, the evaporites of the northern part can hardly be reconciled with the climatic conditions occurring there and may be due to hydrothermal sources. Our interpretations are in agreement with the gradient found in the mineralogical compositions of the evaporites from the north to the south, i.e. the northern evaporites are at least 4 times more concentrated than the southern one.