bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stunting spatial pattern in Rwanda: An examination of the demographic, socio-economic and environmental determinants
Authors: Uwiringiyimana Vestine , Veldkamp Antonie , Amer Sherif
Published: November 2019

Stunting is recognised as a major public health problem in Rwanda. We therefore aimed to study the demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors determining the spatial pattern of stunting. A cross-sectional study using the data from the 2014- 2015 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey and environmental data from external geospatial datasets were conducted. The study population was children less than two years old with their mothers. A multivariate linear regression model was used to estimate the effects of demographic, socio-economic and biophysical factors and a proxy measure of aflatoxins exposure on height-for-age. Also, a spatial prediction map of height-for-age to examine the stunting pattern was produced. It was found that age of child, height of mother, secondary education and higher, a child being male and birth weight were associated with height-for-age. After adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors, elevation and being served by a rural market were also significantly associated with low height-for-age in children. The spatial prediction map revealed the variability of height-for-age at the cluster-level that was lost when the levels are aggregated at the district level. No associations with height-for-age were found for exclusive breastfeeding, use of deworming tablets, improved water source and improved sanitation in the study population. In addition to the child and mother factors known to determine height-for-age, our study confirms the influence of environmental factors in determining the height-of-age of children in Rwanda. A consideration of the environmental drivers of anthropometric status is crucial to have a holistic approach to reduce stunting.
COMUNICAZIONE SCIENTIFICA IN UNA SOCIETÀ DEMOCRATICA: ASPETTI ETICI
Authors: Bottani Carlo E.
Published: November 2019

Much of the communication and scientific dissemination is pedagogically ineffective, even that apparently most successful. Names like Hawking, Penrose and, more recently, Rovelli have achieved extraordinary public success. There have been many Science Festivals and Researcher's Nights. However, serious statistical surveys show that the increased level of scientific literacy produces contradictory and paradoxical effects. What really is missing is the capacity for critical thinking. The problem is not only scientific, sociological and psychological but also ethical. Many popularizers do not tell the truth or they do not say it all. When this happens, communication, conveying a distorted image of science, can become harmful. To remedy is not only important for science, it is important for democracy.
ASPETTI ETICI DELLA RICERCA E DELL’INNOVAZIONE TECNOLOGICA: IL CASO DELL’INFORMATICA | MONDI VIRTUALI, RETI SOCIALI, SISTEMI AUTONOMI “INTELLIGENTI”
Authors: Ghezzi Carlo
Published: November 2019

Advances in research and technological innovations in Informatics are revolutionizing our society. We already live in a cyber-physical world: interaction and collaboration among humans occurs seamlessly both in physical and in virtual spaces and virtual agents automate tasks at all levels, including those that traditionally relied on human intelligence. Access to data and information is available to everybody, anywhere and at any time, eliminating barriers but also generating potential distorted usage. Whatever humans do is inevitably mediated by technology, which potentially invades the private sphere of individuals. Changes are happening so fast and their effects are so spectacular that their ethical implications are often understood too late or underestimated. This contribution briefly introduces the disruptive changes produced by advances in Informatics and their severe ethical implications. It argues that an interdisciplinary effort is needed to focus on ethical issues while research and innovation are developed rather than as an after-the-fact reflection.
Simple Formulas for Constellations and Bipartite Maps with Prescribed Degrees
Authors: Louf Baptiste
Published: November 2019

We obtain simple quadratic recurrence formulas counting bipartite maps on surfaces with prescribed degrees (in particular, $2k$-angulations) and constellations. These formulas are the fastest known way of computing these numbers.

Our work is a natural extension of previous works on integrable hierarchies (2-Toda and KP), namely, the Pandharipande recursion for Hurwitz numbers (proved by Okounkov and simplified by Dubrovin–Yang–Zagier), as well as formulas for several models of maps (Goulden–Jackson, Carrell–Chapuy, Kazarian–Zograf). As for those formulas, a bijective interpretation is still to be found. We also include a formula for monotone simple Hurwitz numbers derived in the same fashion.

These formulas also play a key role in subsequent work of the author with T. Budzinski establishing the hyperbolic local limit of random bipartite maps of large genus.
Exogenous phosphorus compounds interact with nitrogen availability to regulate dynamics of soil inorganic phosphorus fractions in a meadow steppe
Authors: Liu Heyong , Wang Ruzhen , Wang Hongyi , Cao Yanzhuo , Dijkstra Feike A. , Shi Zhan , Cai Jiangping , Wang Zhengwen , Zou Hongtao , Jiang Yong
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Here we investigated the effects of P compounds (KH2PO4 and
Ca(H2PO4)2) with different addition rates of 0, 20, 40, 60,
80, and 100 kg P ha−1 yr−1 and NH4NO3 addition (0 and 100 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on soil labile inorganic phosphorus (IP)
(dicalcium phosphate, Ca2-P), moderate-cycling IP, and recalcitrant IP
fractions in a calcareous grassland of northeastern China. Soil
moderate-cycling IP fractions, not readily available to plants but
transforming into soil-available P quickly, include variscite (Al-P),
strengite (Fe-P) and octacalcium phosphate (Ca8-P); recalcitrant IP
fractions include hydroxylapatite (Ca10-P) and occluded P (O-P). Soil
labile and moderate-cycling IP fractions and total P significantly increased
with increasing P addition rates, with higher concentrations detected for
KH2PO4 than for Ca(H2PO4)2 addition.
Combined N and P treatments showed lower soil labile IP and moderate-cycling
IP fractions compared to ambient N conditions, due to enhanced plant
productivity. Moderate-cycling IP was mainly regulated by P addition and
plant P uptake to further enhance labile IP and total P concentrations with
KH2PO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2 addition. Soil labile IP was
also directly and negatively affected by soil pH and plant P uptake with
Ca(H2PO4)2 addition. Ca(H2PO4)2 addition
significantly increased the soil recalcitrant IP (Ca10-P) fraction,
while KH2PO4 addition showed no impact on it. A significant
positive correlation was detected between soil labile IP, moderate-cycling
IP fractions and soil Olsen-P which illustrated that labile IP and
moderate-cycling IP fractions were important sources for soil-available P.
Our results suggest that moderate-cycling IP fractions are essential for
grassland P biogeochemical cycling and the chemical form of P fertilizer should
be considered during fertilization management for maintaining soil-available P.
Organic matter contents and degradation in a highly trawled area during fresh particle inputs (Gulf of Castellammare, southwestern Mediterranean)
Authors: Paradis Sarah , Pusceddu Antonio , Masqué Pere , Puig Pere , Moccia Davide , Russo Tommaso , Lo Iacono Claudio
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Bottom trawling in the deep sea is one of the main
drivers of sediment resuspension, eroding the seafloor and altering the
content and composition of sedimentary organic matter (OM). The physical and
biogeochemical impacts of bottom trawling were studied on the continental
slope of the Gulf of Castellammare, Sicily (southwestern Mediterranean),
through the analysis of two triplicate sediment cores collected at trawled
and untrawled sites (∼550 m water depth) during the summer of
2016. Geochemical and sedimentological parameters (excess 210Pb, excess
234Th, 137Cs, dry bulk density, and grain size), elemental
(organic carbon and nitrogen) and biochemical composition of sedimentary OM
(proteins, carbohydrates, lipids), as well as its freshness (phytopigments)
and degradation rates were determined in both coring locations. The
untrawled site had a sedimentation rate of 0.15 cm yr−1 and
presented a 6 cm thick surface mixed layer that contained siltier sediment
with low excess 210Pb concentrations, possibly resulting from the
resuspension, posterior advection, and eventual deposition of coarser and
older sediment from adjacent trawling grounds. In contrast, the trawled site
was eroded and presented compacted century-old sediment highly depleted in
OM components, which were between 20 % and 60 % lower than those in the
untrawled site. However, the upper 2 cm of the trawled site consisted of
recently accumulated sediments enriched in excess 234Th, excess
210Pb, and phytopigments, while OM contents were similar to those from
the untrawled core. This fresh sediment supported protein turnover rates of
0.025 d−1, which doubled those quantified in surface sediments of the
untrawled site. The enhancement of remineralization rates in surface
sediment of the trawled site was associated with the arrival of fresh
particles on a chronically trawled deep-sea region that is generally
deprived of OM. We conclude that the detrimental effects of bottom trawling
can be temporarily and partially abated by the arrival of fresh and
nutritionally rich OM, which stimulate the response of benthic communities.
However, these ephemeral deposits are likely to be swiftly eroded due to the
high trawling frequency over fishing grounds, highlighting the importance of
establishing science-based management strategies to mitigate the impacts of
bottom trawling.
Reconstructing patterns of coastal risk in space and time along the US Atlantic coast, 1970–2016
Authors: Armstrong Scott B. , Lazarus Eli D.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Despite interventions intended to reduce impacts of coastal hazards, the risk of damage along the US Atlantic coast continues to rise. This reflects a long-standing paradox in disaster science: even as physical and social insights into disaster events improve, the economic costs of disasters keep growing. Risk can be expressed as a function of three components: hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Risk may be driven up by coastal hazards intensifying with climate change, or by increased exposure of people and infrastructure in hazard zones. But risk may also increase because of interactions, or feedbacks, between hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Using empirical records of shoreline change, valuation of owner-occupied housing, and beach-nourishment projects to represent hazard, exposure, and vulnerability, here we present a data-driven model that describes trajectories of risk at the county scale along the US Atlantic coast over the past 5 decades. We also investigate quantitative relationships between risk components that help explain these trajectories.
We find higher property exposure in counties where hazard from shoreline
change has appeared to reverse from high historical rates of shoreline erosion to low rates in recent decades. Moreover, exposure has increased more in counties that have practised beach nourishment intensively. The
spatio-temporal relationships that we show between exposure and hazard, and
between exposure and vulnerability, indicate a feedback between coastal
development and beach nourishment that exemplifies the “safe development
paradox”, in which hazard protections encourage further development in
places prone to hazard impacts. Our findings suggest that spatially explicit modelling efforts to predict future coastal risk need to address feedbacks between hazard, exposure, and vulnerability to capture emergent patterns of risk in space and time.
Lithospheric image of the Central Iberian Zone (Iberian Massif) using global-phase seismic interferometry
Authors: Andrés Juvenal , Draganov Deyan , Schimmel Martin , Ayarza Puy , Palomeras Imma , Ruiz Mario , Carbonell Ramon
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The Spanish Central System is an intraplate mountain range that divides the
Iberian Inner Plateau in two sectors – the northern Duero Basin and the
Tajo Basin to the south. The topography of the area is highly variable with
the Tajo Basin having an average altitude of 450–500 m and the Duero Basin
having a higher average altitude of 750–800 m. The Spanish Central System
is characterized by a thick-skin pop-up and pop-down configuration formed by
the reactivation of Variscan structures during the Alpine orogeny. The high
topography is, most probably, the response of a tectonically thickened crust
that should be the response to (1) the geometry of the Moho discontinuity, (2) an imbricated crustal architecture, and/or (3) the rheological properties of
the lithosphere. Shedding some light on these features is the main
target of the current investigation. In this work, we present the
lithospheric-scale model across this part of the Iberian Massif. We have
used data from the Central Iberian Massif Deformation (CIMDEF) project, which consists of recordings of an
almost-linear array of 69 short-period seismic stations, which define a 320
km long transect. We have applied the so-called global-phase seismic
interferometry. The technique uses continuous recordings of
global earthquakes (>120∘ epicentral distance)
to extract global phases and their reverberations within the lithosphere.
The processing provides an approximation of the zero-offset reflection
response of a single station to a vertical source, sending (near)-vertical
seismic energy. Results indeed reveal a clear thickening of the crust below
the Central System, resulting, most probably, from an imbrication of the
lower crust. Accordingly, the crust–mantle boundary is mapped as a relatively
flat interface at approximately 10 s two-way travel time except in the
Central System, where this feature deepens towards the NW reaching more than
12 s. The boundary between the upper and lower crust is well defined and is
found at 5 s two-way travel time. The upper crust has a very distinctive
signature depending on the region. Reflectivity at upper-mantle depths is
scattered throughout the profile, located between 13 and 18 s, and probably
related to the Hales discontinuity.
Membership & Service Along the Career Path: Pre- and Post-Tenure Musings
Authors: Green Kristin E. C. , Imler Bonnie
Published: November 2019

Two academic librarians, at different stages of professional life, share the importance of service in their daily duties and overall career path. The advantages of membership in the Pennsylvania Library Association are emphasized, as is networking with others in the profession. Leadership opportunities and mentorship of junior colleagues is also explored.
Table of Contents - Fall 2019
Authors: Reinsfelder Tom
Published: November 2019

Table of Contents - Fall 2019
The Application of Accounting Standards in Government Accounting Accrual Basis: Health Laboratory Center for Makassar
Authors: Asirah Andi , Sari Andi Ratna
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the constraints in the implementation of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis as well as to analyze the efforts made to overcome the existing obstacles in the implementation of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis. The Indonesian Governmental Accounting Standards Committee (KSAP) has compiled the Government Accounting Standards (SAP) accrual established by Government Regulation Number. 64 of 2013 replacing by the Government Regulation Number 71 of 2010. With the enactment of Government Regulation No. 64 of 2013, the application of accrual-based government accounting standards already have a legal basis. The enactment of Government Regulation No. 64 Year 2013 on Government Accounting Standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis brought major changes in the financial reporting system in Indonesia, which is a change from Cash Basis Accrual Basis Full towards the recognition of government financial transactions. Health laboratory center for Makassar has implemented Cash to Accrual (CTA) in 2011 until 2013.Implemented government accounting standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis in the accrual-based financial statements in 2014 is a qualified opinion (WDP ) acquired by the Health laboratory center for Makassar on The Audit Board of The Republic Indonesia (BPK) audit report on the financial statements 2016 illustrate unmet reasonable levels of information presented for a particular item. From the research will be found two (2) factors; Regional Working Unit (SKPD) Health Laboratory Center for Makassar obstacles encountered in implementing accrual-based government accounting system (SAP), human resources financial managers, and human resource asset managers who often alternated. In this study, researchers found the effort / solution by the Health Laboratory Center for Makassar on obstacles in implementing accrual-based SAP in the preparation of financial statements, namely: education and training.
Develop Sustainable Livelihoods for Fishermen in the North Central Region of Vietnam - Case Study for Nghe An Province
Authors: Phan Hai Yen Hoang , Thi Thanh Vinh Luong , Thi Tuyen Tran , Thi Hoai Nguyen , Thi Trang Thanh Nguyen , Nguyen Tran Tuan
Published: November 2019

Livelihoods and sustainable livelihoods play a very essential role in coastal fishing communities in Vietnam. In this paper, based on the sustainable livelihood model, we evaluate the current situation of coastal fishing livelihoods in the North central region of Vietnam with case study for Nghe An province and identifies favorable and unfavorable factors for accessing livelihood development resources by fishermen. For the research methods, secondary data from selected governmental agencies were gathered, and 200 fishermen were interviewed to collect primary data. The results of this research indicate that the income of fishermen is quite good but not stable due to their dependence on marine resources. Moreover, the types of livelihoods in the coastal zone of Nghe An province face certain difficulties with their specific occupational characteristics such as lack of capital, no stable job, reduced marine resources, weather dependence, lack of labor. Based on these, 3 groups of solutions and policies are proposed to promote sustainable livelihood development for coastal fishermen in Nghe An province, such as renewing fishing activities, promoting specialization and associating in maritime manufacturing and processing, as well as developing a variety of occupational groups associated with the exploitation of marine resources.
INFERINDO RELAÇÕES FILOGENÉTICAS A PARTIR DA CONSERVAÇÃO DA PROTEÍNA HOMEÓTICA HOXA-1 DE DIFERENTES VERTEBRADOS POR ANÁLISES GENÉTICAS EVOLUTIVAS MOLECULARES
Authors: OLIANI Luisa Cunha , GABRIEL Jane Eyre
Published: November 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as relações filogenéticas entre vertebrados a partir de diferenças na natureza química dos resíduos de aminoácidos da proteína homeótica HoxA por análises comparativas de alinhamentos múltiplos. Após a busca e seleção das sequências da proteína HoxA de 18 animais em um banco de dados de informação biológica, alinhamentos múltiplos de seus resíduos foram efetuados empregando o programa Clustal Omega, seguido pela construção de um dendograma para inferir as relações filogenéticas entre as espécies selecionadas. Análises comparativas dos alinhamentos múltiplos revelaram alta conservação estrutural com valor de identidade máxima de 35,593% entre os aminoácidos da proteína HoxA de distintos vertebrados. Além disso, o dendograma das relações filogenéticas demonstrou o agrupamento dos vertebrados selecionados dispostos em diferentes sub-ramos, onde animais com alta proximidade evolutiva foram intimamente agrupados em alguns sub-ramos, tais como: camundongo e ratazana (0,02) e homem e chimpanzé (0,01). Entretanto, divergências evolutivas em animais com alta proximidade evolutiva também foram observadas com o agrupamento de peixe-zebra (0,46), tubarão chifre (0,17) e celacanto (0,15) em ramos mais divergentes. Assim, conservação estrutural e proximidade filogenética descritas no presente estudo fornecem subsídios acerca da história evolutiva de vertebrados com base nas relações filogenéticas geradas a partir de alinhamentos múltiplos de aminoácidos da proteína HoxA de diferentes animais.
O efeito composição da escola sobre o consumo de drogas dos alunos
Authors: Becker Kalinca Léia , Ferrario Marcela Nogueira
Published: November 2019

Este estudo buscou analisar o efeito composição da escola, associado às características médias dos alunos, das suas famílias e da escola sobre a proporção de alunos que declararam já ter experimentado drogas ilícitas, com base nos dados do Pense 2012. A estimação foi realizada através do método de regressões quantílicas, que permitiu observar as diferenças do efeito composição nas escolas onde muitos jovens já utilizaram drogas e em escolas onde poucos alunos fizeram uso desta substância e, assim, sinalizar se as políticas de prevenção e combate ao consumo de drogas devem ser específicas para cada caso. De maneira geral, os resultados indicaram que o efeito composição da escola, mensurado por meio da proporção de alunos que trabalham, que residem em lares uniparentais, que um dos pais tem faculdade e que um dos pais fuma, é maior em escolas onde há muitos alunos usuários de drogas. Além disso, a proibição do consumo cigarro pode levar também a redução do consumo de drogas em escolas onde o consumo desta substância é frequente. Já em escolas onde uso de drogas é pouco frequente, o controle do consumo do álcool pode contribuir para prevenir o contato dos alunos com substâncias ilícitas.
Modelos de Estado desenvolvimentista
Authors: Bresser-Pereira Luiz Carlos
Published: November 2019

Este artigo define do Estado desenvolvimentista de maneira ampla, entende-o como alternativa histórica ao Estado liberal, e distingue cinco modelos de Estado desenvolvimentista. Quatro deles caracterizaram os Estados centrais originais, como a Inglaterra, centrais retardatários, como a Alemanha, periféricos independentes, como a Coreia do Sul, e periféricos nacional-dependentes, como o Brasil. O quinto modelo é o de um segundo desenvolvimentismo que ocorre nos países centrais, após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, no quadro do corporativismo e da social-democracia, nos Anos Dourados do Capitalismo.
Management of Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Chen Antonia F. , Brown Gregory A.
Published: November 2019

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has developed Appropriate Use Criteria for the Management of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) (website: http://www.orthoguidelines.org/go/auc/default.cfm?auc_id=225018&actionxm=Terms). Evidence-based information, in conjunction with the clinical expertise of physicians, was used to develop the criteria to improve patient care and obtain best outcomes while considering the subtleties and distinctions necessary in making clinical decisions. The Appropriate Use Criteria for the Management of SSIs were derived by identifying clinical indications typical of patients commonly presenting with a SSI in clinical practice. These indications were most often parameters observable by the clinician, including symptoms and diagnostic tests. The 264 patient scenarios and nine treatments were developed by the writing panel, which consisted of a group of clinicians who are specialists in this Appropriate Use Criteria topic. Next, a separate, multidisciplinary, voting panel (made up of specialists and nonspecialists) rated the appropriateness of treatment of each patient scenario using a nine-point scale to designate a treatment as appropriate (median rating, seven to nine), may be appropriate (median rating, four to six), or rarely appropriate (median rating, one to three).
Identifying latent tuberculosis in high-risk populations: systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy
Authors: Auguste P. , Madan J. , Tsertsvadze A. , Court R. , McCarthy N. , Sutcliffe P. , Taylor-Phillips S. , Pink J. , Clarke A.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: The relative accuracy of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) and the tuberculin skin test (TST) in identifying latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is uncertain.OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the sensitivity and
specificity of IGRAs and TST for the prediction of progression to clinical tuberculosis (TB).METHODS: We searched electronic databases (e.g., MEDLINE and EMBASE) from December 2009 to September 2018 for prospective studies that followed up individuals who had undergone testing with
commercial IGRAs and/or TST but had not received treatment based on the test result. The sensitivity and specificity estimates were pooled using a Bayesian bivariate random-effects model.RESULTS: Twenty-five studies, mostly with moderate to high risk of bias and a mean follow-up
time ranging from 1 to 5 years were included. TST (10–15 mm) tended to have lower sensitivity and higher specificity than QuantiFERON® Gold In-Tube, T-SPOT®.TB and TST (5 mm). The evidence did not indicate that any test outperformed the others due
to wide and overlapping 95% credible intervals.CONCLUSION: The evidence following individuals who had undergone testing for LTBI and had progressed to clinical TB is sparse. We did not find that IGRAs were superior to TST or vice versa; however, as our findings are based on a small
number of studies with methodological limitations and great uncertainty around the pooled estimates, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Pernicious City: Mythologization of Kaunas in the Lithuanian Literature of the Interwar Period
Authors: Šeina Viktorija
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the mythologization of Kaunas, the temporary capital of Lithuania, in the Lithuanian literature of the interwar period. The methodological approach of the research is based on the research methods of urban mythopoetics by Vladimir Toporov and that of topological semiotics by Algirdas Julien Greimas. Due to objective historical and social circumstances, the formation of the Lithuanian urban literature started only at the beginning of the 20th century. The intensive period in the urbanization of the Lithuanian literature was that of the interwar period when literary reflections on Kaunas started gaining certain dominant symbolic images of the city, repeating plots and characters typical of Kaunas. The literary myth of the temporary capital as a pernicious city which becomes a moral trial for an individual is revealed in the article through the analysis of Part III of the novel Altorių šešėly [In the shadows of altars] by Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas, the most prominent Lithuanian novelist of the interwar period.
Formation of a New Literary Identity Within a New State. Hungarian Literature in Czechoslovakia
Authors: Dobry Judit
Published: November 2019

The early 20th century was a very turbulent period of time especially for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe – the Central Powers were defeated in World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy disappeared from the maps and new states were created. After signing the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, more than one million Hungarian people found themselves living behind the borders of Czechoslovakia. For Hungarians living in minority, the establishment of specific culture was crucial. The paper deals with the process of formation and re-creation of Hungarian literature within the newly formed First Czechoslovak Republic, and also attends to introduce the struggle of this newly established ethnic literature in the first decade of its existence, as well as the attempt to define itself.
Toward the Idea of Polishness: Implications of 1918 for the Former Eastern Galicia, 1918–1939
Authors: Wierzejska Jagoda
Published: November 2019

The paper analyzes the Polish literary discourse on the former Habsburg province of Galicia, developing after the restoration of Poland’s independence (1918) and the Polish victory in the Polish-Ukrainian War of Eastern Galicia (1918–1919). Before WWI, especially before the epoch of Galician autonomy (1867–1914), the prevailing discourse on the province was imbued by the idea of multi- and transnationalism grounded upon the Habsburg political culture. After the war, when Galicia became a part of the reborn Poland, the discourse pertaining to the region underwent a fundamental change. In the interwar Polish literature, the idea of multi- and transnational Galicia was a subject of specific transfers: sometimes in a continuative, usually, however, in a deconstructive version. Namely, it was disassembled and its components, referring to a revised political context, were ideologically used to strengthen the representation of reality from the exclusive, Polish point of view. The paper focuses on literary representations of the Polish-Ukrainian War of Eastern Galicia. It discusses the stages of the aforementioned disassemblement, from the idea of Polish-Ruthenian “brotherhood” to the vision of Polish-Polish brotherhood, i.e. the homogenous Polish nation, from which the Others (Ukrainians, Jews and Austrians), depicted as enemies, were excluded with no exception. Such a vision prevailed in the Polish literature up until 1939; it has also had its continuations nowadays.
Usamodzielnienie niepełnosprawnych intelektualnie wychowanków specjalnych ośrodków wychowawczych
Authors: Szafrańska Anida
Published: November 2019

The article discusses how students of special educational centres are empowered to enter adulthood. The transition from adolescence to adulthood is difficult for many young people. People with intellectual disabilities may face barriers in achieving their independence. The situation of students of special educational centres is particularly problematic. It involves a difficult family situation, experience of neglect, abandonment, and indifference. What accompanies such young people in the process of becoming independent is oftentimes a sense of loneliness and anxiety connected with leaving the institution and taking up an independent life.
Educational contexts of cultural resistance in Poland and Portugal. An introduction to research
Authors: Guerra Paula , Zańko Piotr
Published: November 2019

The goal of this article is to present the main theoretical and methodological assumptions of an international research project on the educational contexts of cultural resistance in Poland and Portugal. In this article, we will first analyse, in a resumed way, the various lines of thought related to cultural resistance, radical democracy critical pedagogy; then we will present an example of a critical pedagogy, the punk pedagogy, in order to demonstrate that the reality we describe is not only present at the abstract level; then, and finally, we proceed with the research methodology that we intend to trigger in order to analyse the educational contexts of cultural resistance in Portugal and Poland. In this article we are talking about two countries with very dissonant stories. Even today, in the context of membership of the European Union, the course of both countries seems to diverge. However, we argue that the comparison between these two distant and different countries may open new perspectives on the contexts of cultural resistance and critical pedagogy. Like the example of punk, these practices of cultural resistance can serve as a way to empower active civic and political participation, going beyond the simple act of voting every four years and promoting a radical democracy.
Uczestnictwo w zajęciach lekcyjnych i pozalekcyjnych w zależności od stanu zdrowia uczniów oraz wybranych czynników kontekstowych
Authors: Berkowska Aleksandra , Kowalewska Anna , Mazur Joanna
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of pupils’ perception of difficulties in participating in classes and extracurricular activities. The research was carried out in Poland as part of the international HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) study in the school year 2013/2014. Data refer to 3,448 schoolkids who completed an extended questionnaire about functioning in a school environment. The research covered five school years – from the fifth grade of primary school to the third grade of lower secondary school. The average age of the respondents was 14.2 years (SD = 1.7). The aim of this work was to compare the pupils’ perception of difficulties in access to school and extracurricular activities depending on the health conditions and selected socio-demographic factors. The obtained results indicate that only one in five pupils declared complete lack of difficulty. The results of the average values of the scale of “restrictions on participation in extracurricular activities and after-school programmes” showed a significant relationship with the sex and wealth of the family, to the detriment of boys and poor families. Pupils with diseases and health problems more often declared that they had difficult access to school and extracurricular activities. Analyses taking into account the state of health of the respondents and the socio-economic status of the family and place of residence indicated that these differences are not offset by children from rich families living in medium-sized cities. An important task of the school in order to equalise educational opportunities is to diagnose the needs related to the students’ health conditions but also taking into account environmental conditions.
Sytuacja społeczna i relacje rówieśnicze ucznia z niepełnosprawnością wzroku
Authors: Miler-Zdanowska Kamila
Published: November 2019

The child automatically becomes a member of the peer group when he/she starts school education. The peer group is of great importance for the student’s social development. The student can either gain a position in the group, which will give him a sense of security, or he/she can be rejected by his peers. The article concerns peer relations of children with visual impairments. It presents the conditions of peer relations of children with vision disorders and shows the results of research on the sociometric position of this group of students in the classroom in public and integration schools.
25-hydroxyvitamin D status and its impact on cognitive functions in postmenopausal woman
Authors: Raszewski Grzegorz , Bojar Iwona , Łukawski Krzysztof , Bakalczuk Grzegorz , Owoc Alfred , Wdowiak Artur
Published: November 2019

Aim: The purpose of the study was to analyze the cognitive functions in postmenopausal women carriers of Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms (APOE) with different status of vitamin D levels. Material/Methods: 170 ambulatory individuals aged 50 years or older were evaluated. A computerized battery of Central Nervous System Vital Signs (CNS VS) was used for diagnostic cognitive functions. APOE genotype was performed by multiplex PCR. Serum 25(OH)D and estradiol levels were measured using the 25OHD EIA assay and Estradiol ELISA Kits. Results: Considerably worse scores in global cognitive performance index (NCI) were obtained by women with severe deficiency of 25(OH)D (p <0.001). The cognitive effects of very low 25(OH)D levels were apparent in memory, executive functioning, complex attention, and cognitive flexibility. The genotype APOE ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4 were most common (19.6%; 15.2%, respectively) in women with 25(OH)D severe deficiency which had the weakest average results in terms of NCI value. Conclusions: The severe deficiency of 25(OH)D vitamin was related with a greater likelihood of cognitive impairment and risk of cognitive decline in postmenopausal women with no dementia.
miR-140 inhibits porcine fetal fibroblasts proliferation by directly targeting type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor and indirectly inhibiting type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor expression via SRY-box 4
Authors: Geng Hongwei , Hao Linlin , Cheng Yunyun , Wang Chunli , Wei Wenzhen , Yang Rui , Li Haoyang , Zhang Ying , Liu Songcai
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the effect of miR-140 on the proliferation of porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) and identify the target genes of miR-140 in PFFs.Methods: In this study, bioinformatics software was used to predict and verify target genes of miR-140. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the relationship between miR-140 and its target genes in PFFs. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to assess the interactions among miR-140, type 1 insulinlike growth factor receptor (IGF1R), and SRY-box 4 (SOX4). The effect of miR-140 on the proliferation of PFFs was measured by CCK-8 when PFFs were transfected with a miR-140 mimic or inhibitor. The transcription factor SOX4 binding to promoter of IGF1R was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP).Results: miR-140 directly targeted IGF1R and inhibited proliferation of PFFs. Meanwhile, miR-140 targeted transcription factor SOX4 that binds to promoter of porcine IGF1R to indirectly inhibit the expression of IGF1R. In addition, miR-140 inhibitor promoted PFFs proliferation, which is abrogated by SOX4 or IGF1R knockdown.Conclusion: miR-140 inhibited PFFs proliferation by directly targeting IGF1R and indirectly inhibiting IGF1R expression via SOX4, which play an important role in the development of porcine fetal.
Effects of dietary probiotic, liquid feed and nutritional concentration on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal score of weaning piglets
Authors: Zhang Song , Yoo Dong Huy , Ao Xiang , Kim In Ho
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary probiotic blend and liquid feed program at different nutritional densities on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score of weaning piglets.Methods: A total of 120 weaning pigs with an initial body weight of 7.05±0.93 kg per pig (21 days of age) were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 8 dietary treatments (3 replicates per treatment with 5 pigs per replicate) in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement (nutrition levels: apparent metabolic energy [AME] = 3,500 kcal/kg, crude protein [CP] = 20% vs AME = 3,400 kcal/kg, CP = 19.42%; feed types:dry vs wet; probiotics levels: 0 mg/kg vs 300 mg/kg).Results: During d 5 to d 15, greater average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05) were observed in probiotics treatments. During d 15 to d 25, gain:feed (G:F) ratio (p<0.05) were significantly improved in probiotics, wet feed and high nutrition diet. Moreover, two interactions i) between nutrition levels and feed types, and ii) between nutrition levels and probiotics were found in G:F ratio. Furthermore, there was a significant positive interaction on G:F among those 3 factors (p<0.05). Overall, increasing ADG, ADFI, and G:F ratio were detected in probiotics treatment significantly (p<0.05). Besides, an obvious reduction on fecal score was observed in probiotics treatment from d 0 to d 5 (p<0.05). There was an interactive effect on fecal score between feed types and nutrition concentrations from d 5 to d 25 (p<0.05).Conclusion: These results indicated that probiotics supplementation could benefit growth performance and reduce the frequency of watery feces. Besides, wet feed program (feed:water = 1:1.25) could improve the G:F. The effect of liquid feed or probiotic could be influenced by dietary nutrition density in weaned piglets. An increased value of G:F was obtained when wet feeding a high nutrition diet (100 kcal higher than NRC 2012 recommendations) was supplemented with probiotics for 15 to 25 days.
Behaviour of twin- and triplet-born lambs and their dam 3 to 18 hours after birth is not a useful predictor of lamb survival to weaning
Authors: Gronqvist G. V. , Hickson R. E. , Kenyon P. R. , Morris S. T. , Stafford K. J. , Corner-Thomas R. A.
Published: November 2019

Objective: An experiment was designed to determine if behaviour traits expressed by twinand triplet-bearing lambs and their dams at 3 to 18 hours of age (after the immediate ewelamb bonding had occurred) were associated with lamb survival to weaning.Methods: The behaviour of twin and triplet lambs and their dams was assessed in the paddock at 3 to 18 hours after birth. Observations were made of the number of high- and low-pitched bleats, time to stand, make contact with dam, suck from dam and follow dam were recorded for each lamb. The maternal behaviour score of each dam was assessed. A random sub-sample of lambs were assessed during a maternal-recognition test at 12 or 24 hours of age. Traits included time spent standing, sitting, walking, time taken to reach the ewes and time spent with the ewes as well as the number of high- and low-pitched bleats emitted by the lamb.Results: In the paddock, for each additional second required for twin-born lambs to follow their dam, lambs were 1.004 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.000 to 1.008) times more likely to survive to weaning (p<0.05). The opposite relationship, however, was seen in triplet lambs. For each additional second required for triplet-born lambs to follow their dam, lambs were 0.996 (95% CI 0.993 to 0.999) times as likely to survive to weaning (p<0.05). During the maternal recognition test, twin-born lambs were 0.989 (95% CI 0.979 to 1.000) times as likely to survive to weaning for every additional second they took to reach the contact zone (p<0.05). Similarly, triplet-born lambs were 0.994 (95% CI 0.989 to 0.999) as likely to survive for every additional second they took to reach their dam (p<0.05).Conclusion: All ewe behaviours and the majority of lamb paddock and test behaviours were not associated with the survival of twin- or triplet-born lambs and, therefore, are of little use as indicators of lamb survival to weaning.
The expression and localization of V-ATPase and cytokeratin 5 during postnatal development of the pig epididymis
Authors: Park Yun-Jae , Kim Ji-Hyuk , Kim Hack-Youn , Park Hee-Bok , Choe Juhui , Kim Gye-Woong , Baek Sun-Young , Chung Hak-Jae , Park Yoo-Jin , Kim Bongki
Published: November 2019

Objective: We examined the localization and expression of H+ pumping vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) in the epididymis of pigs, expressed in clear and basal cells, respectively, during postnatal development.Methods: Epididymides were obtained from pigs at 1, 7, 21, 60, 120, and 180 days of age; we observed the localization and expression patterns of V-ATPase and KRT5 in the different regions of these organs, namely, the caput, corpus, and cauda. The differentiation of epididymal epithelial cells was determined by immunofluorescence labeling using cell-type-specific markers and observed using confocal microscopy.Results: At postnatal day 5 (PND5), the localization of clear cells commenced migration from the cauda toward the caput. Although at PND120, goblet-shaped clear cells were detected along the entire length of the epididymis, those labeled for V-ATPase had disappeared from the corpus to cauda and were maintained only in the caput epididymis in adult pigs. In contrast, whereas basal cells labeled for KRT5 were only present in the vas deferens at birth, they were detected in all regions of the epididymis at PND60. These cells were localized at the base of the epithelium; however, no basal cells characterized by luminally extending cell projections were observed in any of the adult epididymides examined.Conclusion: The differentiation of clear and basal cells progressively initiates in a retrograde manner from the cauda to the caput epididymis. The cell-type-specific distribution and localization of the epithelial cells play important roles in establishing a unique luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage in the pig epididymis.
Effect of calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate and lipase supplementation on growth performance, gut health, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens
Authors: Wickramasuriya Samiru  Sudharaka , Cho Hyun Min , Macelline Shemil Priyan , Kim Eunjoo , Shin Taeg Kyun , Yi Young Joo , Park Seung Hwan , Lee Kyung Bon , Heo Jung Min
Published: November 2019

Objective: To evaluate calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate (CSL) performance as an exogenous emulsifier together with lipase for broiler diets.Methods: In total, 252 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated in a completely randomized design to give 6 replications per treatment with 7 birds in each cage. There were six dietary treatments representing a 2×3 factorial arrangement consisted of two energy levels (standard energy [positive control, PC] and –100 kcal/kg of the requirement level [negative control, NC]) and three dietary treatments (without additives [CON], CON+CSL [CSL], and CON+CSL+lipase [CSL-Lipase]). Corn and soybean meal-based experimental diets containing vegetable oil were formulated. Growth performance, blood parameters, visceral organ weights, ileal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and cytokine gene expression were measured.Results: Birds fed a diet including CSL increased (p<0.05) lipase level in blood compared to birds fed a diet including CSL-Lipase on day 21. Similarly, higher (p<0.05) liver weight was observed in birds fed a diet including either CSL or CSL-Lipase on day 21. Birds fed NC diet with CSL improved (p<0.05) nutrient digestibility compared to the NC diet on day 21. However, birds fed a diet supplemented with CSL or CSL-Lipase did not affect (p>0.05) the weight gain, feed efficiency, ileal morphology, and cytokine concentrations during the experiment period, regardless of dietary energy levels.Conclusion: Our results indicated that CSL has a role in improving nutrient digestibility in young birds when supplemented to a corn-soybean meal based broiler diet.
Evaluation of the genetic diversity of six Chinese indigenous chickens
Authors: Sha Yuzhu , Gao Caixia , Liu Meimei , Zhao Shengguo
Published: November 2019

Objective: The extensive breeding of commercial chickens has led to a sharp decrease in the resources of many indigenous chickens, especially the indigenous chickens in the southeastern coastal region, which are on the verge of extinction, and the indigenous chickens in the northwestern region of China, which are also at risk. However, there are few reports on the evaluation of genetic diversity and conservation of genetic resources of indigenous chickens in remote areas in the Northwest of China.Methods: In the present study, the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of six indigenous chickens from different regions were studied based on variation in mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop), and the degree of introgression from commercial breeds into these chickens was determined by the amount of haplotype sharing between indigenous and commercial breeds.Results: Twenty-five polymorphic sites and 25 haplotypes were detected in 206 individuals. Principal component analysis showed that the Jingning chicken had the highest genetic diversity among the six indigenous chickens. According to the degree of introgression, the six indigenous breeds may be involved in haplotype sharing with commercial breeds, and the introgression from commercial chickens into the Haidong chicken is the most serious.Conclusion: The genetic uniqueness of indigenous chickens has been eroded, so it is necessary to consider the protection of their genetic resources. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the six indigenous chickens have two major matrilineal origins: one from Yunnan or its surrounding areas in China and the other from the Indian subcontinent.