bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Multiple Digital Defects by Temporary Syndactylization Using a Lateral Arm Free Flap
Authors: Ki Sae Hwi , Yoon Jin Myung , Park Tae Jun , Choi M. Seung Suk , Hong Min Ki
Published: September 2022

Background Soft tissue defects of the multiple finger present challenges to reconstruction surgeons. Here, we introduce the use of a lateral arm free flap and syndactylization for the coverage of multiple finger soft tissue defects.

Methods This retrospective study was conducted based on reviews of the medical records of 13 patients with multiple soft tissue defects of fingers (n = 33) that underwent temporary syndactylization with a microvascular lateral arm flap for temporary syndactylization from January 2010 to December 2020. Surgical and functional outcomes, times of flap division, complications, and demographic data were analyzed.

Results Middle fingers were most frequently affected, followed by ring and index fingers. Mean patient age was 43.58 years. The 13 patients had suffered 10 traumas, 2 thermal burns, and 1 scar contracture. Release of temporary syndactyly was performed 3 to 9 weeks after syndactylization. All flaps survived, but partial necrosis occurred in one patient, who required a local transposition flap after syndactylization release. The mean follow-up was 15.8 months.

Conclusion Coverage of multiple finger defects by temporary syndactylization using a free lateral arm flap with subsequent division offers an alternative treatment option.
Reconstruction of Extensive Diaphragmatic Defects Using the Rectus Abdominis Muscle and Fascial Flap
Authors: Kato Shumpei , Sakuma Hisashi , Fujii Takako , Tanaka Ichiro , Matsui Junichi
Published: September 2022

Diaphragmatic reconstruction is required for extensive diaphragmatic defects associated with tumor resection. Methods using artificial mesh and autologous tissues, such as pedicled flaps, have been reported predominantly for diaphragmatic reconstruction. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with a 14 × 13 × 12 cm tumor in the abdominal cavity of the upper left abdomen on computed tomography. The diaphragm defect measuring 12 × 7 cm that occurred during excision of the malignant tumor was reconstructed using the rectus abdominis muscle and fascial flap. The flap has vertical and horizontal vascular axes; therefore, blood flow is stable. It also has the advantage of increasing the range of motion and reducing twisting of the vascular pedicles. Fascial flap does not require processing such as thinning and can be used during suture fixation. This procedure, which has rarely been reported so far, has many advantages and may be a useful option for diaphragm reconstruction.
A Pre-Post Interventional Study for Evaluating the Usefulness of Homoeopathic Medicine Nux vomica to Combat the Side Effects of Liposomal Amphotericin B Injection in the Cases of Mucormycosis
Authors: Chakraborty Moumita , Rani Purnima , Gupta Neelima , Saxena Nidhi
Published: September 2022

Introduction India reported a recent surge in mucormycosis cases, after outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019. Treatment for this entity is multifaceted and involves surgical debridement of affected tissues and antifungal treatment. In current practice, amphotericin B and isavuconazole are the two antifungal agents recommended for the primary therapy of mucormycosis. Possible side effects of liposomal form of amphotericin B (LAmB) include fever, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and headache after the infusion is started. Nux vomica is a homoeopathic medicine and is one of the best remedies with which to commence treatment of cases that have been drugged by mixtures, bitters, vegetable pills but only if symptoms correspond. The aim of this study was to observe the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicine Nux vomica to combat the side effects of LAmB injection in the cases of mucormycosis.

Methods Total 55 diagnosed cases of mucormycosis, admitted in the Tertiary Care Centre (Govt. of Delhi), were enrolled in the study as per inclusion criteria. After reportorial analysis, Nux vomica 30C was given to the patients from 2nd day of administration of LAmB. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale was used to assess the improvement in the cases by comparing the scores obtained before and after the treatment.

Result Out of 55 cases, 42 showed marked improvement from 7th day onwards after administration of Nux vomica 30C. Result was analysed by using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey Honest Significant Difference and was found statistically significant at 5% level of significance.

Conclusion This study indicates that Nux vomica is possibly a useful medicine to combat the side effects of LAmB injection in the cases of mucormycosis. Nux vomica helped to improve the condition of the patients and enabled them to continue the required conventional treatment for their speedy recovery. More studies are required for further validation.
My Back My Plan is a feasible and acceptable individualised program for acute low back pain in primary care
Authors: Ahern Malene , Dean Catherine M. , Dear Blake F. , Willcock Simon M. , Hush Julia M.
Published: September 2022

Background Low back pain is the largest cause of years lived with a disability in Australia, and there is an urgent need for innovations to address global gaps between evidence and practice. Methods This study was a phase 1, single-group, pre–post pilot trial of My Back My Plan, a primary care program for acute low back pain. The trial was conducted at MQ Health Primary Care at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. The primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability. Results Fourteen participants were recruited to the study, with 79% and 93% followed up at 1 and 3 months respectively. Ten general practitioners and four physiotherapists at MQ Health Primary Care delivered the intervention. Although the rate of patient recruitment to the trial was low, other aspects of feasibility (such as intervention adherence and safety) were high. Participating clinicians reported that the program was useful for patients, and the majority stated that the program facilitated person-centred care. Patients rated My Back My Plan as highly acceptable, indicating that they had a better understanding of their low back pain, they were given personalised care and were more confident in self-managing their low back pain. At the 3 month follow-up, 85% of participants stated they were very likely to recommend the program to others. Conclusions This study suggests that the co-designed, contextually refined MBMP program for MQ Health Primary Care is acceptable to people with acute onset low back pain and warrants further evaluation.
GPX4 regulates cellular necrosis and host resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Amaral Eduardo P. , Foreman Taylor W. , Namasivayam Sivaranjani , Hilligan Kerry L. , Kauffman Keith D. , Barbosa Bomfim Caio Cesar , Costa Diego L. , Barreto-Duarte Beatriz , Gurgel-Rocha Clarissa , Santana Monique Freire , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Du Bruyn Elsa , Riou Catherine , Aberman Kate , Wilkinson Robert John , Barber Daniel L. , Mayer-Barber Katrin D. , Andrade Bruno B. , Sher Alan
Published: September 2022

Cellular necrosis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection promotes both immunopathology and bacterial dissemination. Glutathione peroxidase-4 (Gpx4) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in preventing iron-dependent lipid peroxidation–mediated cell death (ferroptosis), a process previously implicated in the necrotic pathology seen in Mtb-infected mice. Here, we document altered GPX4 expression, glutathione levels, and lipid peroxidation in patients with active tuberculosis and assess the role of this pathway in mice genetically deficient in or overexpressing Gpx4. We found that Gpx4-deficient mice infected with Mtb display substantially increased lung necrosis and bacterial burdens, while transgenic mice overexpressing the enzyme show decreased bacterial loads and necrosis. Moreover, Gpx4-deficient macrophages exhibited enhanced necrosis upon Mtb infection in vitro, an outcome suppressed by the lipid peroxidation inhibitor, ferrostatin-1. These findings provide support for the role of ferroptosis in Mtb-induced necrosis and implicate the Gpx4/GSH axis as a target for host-directed therapy of tuberculosis.
Dynamics of cooperative transport by multiple kinesin motors and diffusing microtubule-associated proteins
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Yu-Ru , Wang Peng-Ye , Xie Ping
Published: September 2022

In eukaryote cells, cargos are often transported cooperatively by kinesin motors and nonmotor microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The prior in vitro experimental data showed that the velocity of the cargo transported by kinesin motors and Ndc80 (a member of MAP) proteins of truncated coiled-coil stalks decreases sensitively with the increase of the ratio of Ndc80 to motor number. However, the underlying mechanism of Ndc80 affecting sensitively the cooperative cargo transport by kinesin motors is unclear. To understand the mechanism, here we study numerically the cooperative cargo transport by kinesin motors and Ndc80 proteins. Our results showed that for the case of the motors and Ndc80 proteins with truncated short stalks, as used in the experiments, the calculated results reproduce quantitatively the prior experimental data. The mechanism of the cargo velocity decreasing sensitively with the ratio of Ndc80 to motor number is revealed. By contrast, for the case of the motors and Ndc80 proteins with full-length long stalks, the velocity of the cargo decreases slowly with the increase in the ratio of Ndc80 to kinesin number. Our results thus give an explanation of why the kinesin motors working in the cell have long stalks.
Non-disruptive error field identification based on magnetic island healing
Authors: Paz-Soldan C. , Hu Q. , Logan N.C. , Park J.-K.
Published: September 2022

A technique to identify intrinsic error fields (EFs) in tokamaks with minimized risk of disruption is demonstrated on the DIII-D tokamak. The method extends the conventional driven magnetic island ‘compass scan’ approach by modifying asynchronous control waveforms to enable prompt healing of the island instability. Healing of the island is achieved by reducing the imposed non-axisymmetric coil current and raising the density (here via gas fueling). The method is also shown to support multiple island threshold measurements per pulse, thus reducing the number of dedicated pulses necessary to conduct an EF identification. Non-linear modeling with the TM1 code reproduces the experimental results and approximately recovers the critical density required for island healing. Island healing is explained in the non-linear modeling by an increase in the viscous coupling between the static island and the nearby flowing plasma, thus healing the island as it accelerates into the plasma frame. Due to both simplicity and risk minimization, this technique is suitable for plasma-based EF identification in the early commissioning stages of future disruption-averse tokamaks such as ITER and SPARC.
Effect of pedestal density on the formation of small edge localized modes
Authors: Mou M.L. , Chen S.Y. , Wang K.L. , Qin C.C. , Ma Q. , Dong L.K. , Zhu L.M. , Tang C.J.
Published: September 2022

Recent experiments have demonstrated that a high separatrix density and a large ratio of separatrix density to pedestal top density are two crucial conditions for achieving high confinement operation with small edge localized modes (ELMs). In order to identify the underlying physics of this phenomenon, a series of equilibria with different separatrix and pedestal top densities are constructed, and their peeling–ballooning (P–B) instabilities are analyzed through simulation. It is found that there is a threshold value of pedestal top density which comes from competition between ion inertia and diamagnetic effect, and ELM energy loss can be minimized at the threshold value for a fixed separatrix density. When the pedestal top density is smaller than the threshold value, the ion inertial effect induced by the density profile has a significant influence on the growth of ELMs, resulting in an increased linear growth rate and more ELM energy loss by trigging low-n modes (n being the toroidal mode number) in the nonlinear phase. When the pedestal top density is larger than the threshold value, the diamagnetic effect is the main factor determining the mode spectrum, which moves to the high-n region with a larger growth rate and the nonlinear ELM energy loss increases. However, for a fixed pedestal top density, a larger separatrix density leads to a wider mode spectrum with a smaller growth rate; thus ELM energy loss is reduced. The results of this research provide a new mechanism, namely that the P–B mode is possibly transferred to a resistive ballooning mode, to interpret the experimental findings during high pedestal density operation.
Performance Evaluation of Conventional Inverters Driven PMSM Drive using Microcontroller
Authors: Shriwastava Rakesh G. , Ghuge Nilesh C. , Palande D.D. , Tidke Ashwini
Published: September 2022

This paper focuses on Performance evaluation of conventional inverters driven PMSM drive using microcontroller. The purpose of this paper is to decrease the ripples in torque of Micro controllers based PMSM drive. The innovative method consists of conventional inverters, switched-mode power supply (SMPS), PMSM motor and Microcontroller. It is used to maximize fundamental component of torque also. The both the results of the suggested Micro controller are compared on the basis of torque and speed and it proves that reduces the torque ripple and improve the dynamic response of the system in comparative analysis. This paper organized introduction, mathematical model of the PMSM, proposed Microcontroller technique, hardware and simulation results and conclusion in different sections.
A novel design of hybrid EV’s based on flux additive DC–DC converter with super capacitor
Authors: Rao Gondu Vykunta , Bayya Madhuri , Aruna Bharathi M , Murali Baratam
Published: September 2022

Now-a-days hybrid electric are employed with different dc-dc converters. Here in this paper, a flux additive dc-dc converter is put forward and analysed. The collation with conventional strategies we attain an enhanced output gain. The input sources like photovoltaic and fuel cell while they both are considered for power supply as primary sources and the photovoltaics are implemented for charging the BSS. The application of photovoltaic improves the efficiency of the BSS. The photovoltaic cells voltage is used to fed the converter. The implementation of Super Capacitor improves the output gain. The proposed converter supplies the demand to load side by operating to power resources simultaneously. The power supervision is analyses and then it is employed in control methodology. A simulation model is implemented for analyzation and to prove the efficiency of proposed converter.
Sleepy Stack CSVCO with wide tuning and low power for PLL applications
Authors: Annamma Kalaka , Saxena Sobhit , Patel Govind Singh
Published: September 2022

This paper describes the implementation of low power leakage technique called Sleep-Stack in a Current Starved Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) a block of Phase Locked Loop (PLL). The VCO is a electronic oscillator, whose oscillation frequency is decided by the control voltage. The major issue in the VCO is the power consumption, which has an impact on the performance of the PLL. The VCO that limits the current is preferred than the other oscillator which is called as Current Starved VCO. The work i.e. the design of Current Starved VCO is implemented using low power leakage technique called Sleepy Stack. This has been implemented in 45nm CMOS Technology with a supply voltage of 1.2 V in Cadence Software. The parameters like average power, oscillation frequency, and delay are calculated for this technique. The corner analysis has been performed for all this technique to verify the stable/linearity even in the worst case scenario. It has been observed that the sleepy stack technique with gain 23.99 GHz/V, phase noise -63.8dBc/Hz, Figure of Merit value of -142.234dBc/Hz and having frequency tuning range of 77.79%.The average power obtained for the Sleepy Stack technique is 11.88nW which is less than that of the existing CSVCO.
An Autonomous Smart Farming System for Computational Data Analytics using IoT
Authors: Rokade A I , Kadu A D , Belsare K S
Published: September 2022

For improved agricultural growth control, smart farming with precise greenhouses is essential, as is precision agriculture monitoring in a variety of situations. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new era in computer communication that is gaining pace as a result of its wide variety of project development applications. Individuals may benefit from the IoT through smart and remote ways such as smart agriculture, smart environment, smart security, and smart cities. These are the latest technologies that are making life simpler in today’s world. The IoT has significantly increased remote control and the variety of networked things or devices, which is a fascinating aspect. The hardware and internet connectivity to the real-time application make up the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Things is made up of sensors, actuators, embedded systems, and a network connection. As a result, we’d want to develop an IoT application for smart farms. This paper demonstrated a remote parameter sensing system in smart greenhouse agriculture. The goal is to monitor greenhouse parameters like CO2, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light, with adjusting actions for greenhouse windows/doors based on crops. In this experimentation, Gerbera and Broccoli is considered. The primary purpose is to adjust greenhouse conditions in line with plant needs in order to increase production and provide organic farming. As a result of the findings, it appears that the greenhouse might be operated remotely for CO2, soil moisture, temperature, humidity and light, resulting in improved management. Overall implementation is remotely monitored via IoT using MQTT on Adafruit IO Cloud Platform and sensor data is analyzed for its normal and anomaly behavior.
Secure Pdf Text Steganography Turning Secrecy into Inconspicuous Encoding
Authors: Singh Niharika , Kaur Avinash
Published: September 2022

Security has become a priority in any security system. Computer applications, Internet system applications, etc. how millions of users use the Internet. This is a research project suggests an information processing algorithm Security system using PNG (Portable Network Graphics) pictures. To our knowledge, there are very few jobs available is present in the PNG archives of steganography. A Least Significant Bit (LSB) encoded stenographic system code is slightly more advanced and is built in the Matlab programming language. The proposed system is often different from other default approaches that use the LSB input method, with the next point. This: The first point about the character set of the secret message used. It automatically detects the character set for private messages. and determine whether the text is written in Latin (only 8 bits per character) or Latin/Arabic (16 characters per character). The approach presented is implemented using special Matlab code functions and encoding algorithms. Two main algorithms for deleting encrypted messages sequentially.
Generation of Single Sideband-Suppressed carrier (SSB-SC) Signal Based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
Authors: Bhogal Rosepreet Kaur , Sindhwani Manoj
Published: September 2022

A novel cost-effective wavelength shifter is suggested in this paper. This paper shows how to shift signals in the mm-wave area using a frequency shifter. Due to stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibre, the proposed approach produces a single sideband signal without the carrier signal. When compared to SSB-SC transmissions, the bandwidth efficiency of double sideband signals is lower. Because it employs an optical fibre with a performance degrading condition such as SBS as an application, the frequency shifter is entirely optical. The theory of Gain and Loss Spectrum of SBS within optical fibre is utilised to minimise the upshifted frequency component and boost the low shifter frequency component in order to generate improved carrier power and single sideband. The SBS phenomenon produces a single sideband, which is advantageous in advanced modulation systems and consumes less bandwidth. It’s worth noting that the SSB-SC signal may be generated using any optical approach, and the proposed work eliminates the need for non-optical components like 90-degree hybrid couplers. SSB-SC signals are capable of combating pulse broadening difficulties and have the ability to operate at terahertz frequencies. Transmission of an SSB-SC signal is also shown to validate the performance of the produced signal. Furthermore, the Q factor of SSB-SC, SSB with carrier, DSB-SC, and DSB with carrier signals is studied at various connection lengths.
Accelerating the Machine Learning Model Deployment using MLOps
Authors: Chowdary Mandepudi Nobel , Sankeerth Bussa , Chowdary Chennupati Kumar , Gupta Manu
Published: September 2022

Machine Learning projects acquire a large amount of data to make predictions on the data. Deploying machine learning models is a difficult task as it is involved a lot factors such as continuous builds to improve efficiency and different libraries used for prediction. As the data grow for better predictions with proper accuracy some of the parameters are to be dynamically changed for the sake of performance tuning. To enhance the variation in the parameters it takes effort and time from the developers to make the changes in the code and deploy to the production environment. In proposed work, an end to end automation cycle to enhance the timely deployment of machine learning models with better performance is presented. This automation cycle converts the changed code with varied parameters into the container image and uploads to the container registry. Later, when the new image is uploaded it auto detects and updates the production environment with the new image data by launching a new container and shutting down the previous old one. The proposed automated model will display the updated features which are developed. The users can utilize the updated model simultaneously without any downtime to obtain the new features. The main contribution of proposed work is that it can build and deploy the machine learning models automatically, without any manual intervention. The models can also be retrained for better performance of the predictions.
A prototype model for detection and classification of landslides using satellite data
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Sharma Kamal Kumar , Sapate Suhas Gajanan
Published: September 2022

Landslides are natural and manmade disasters that cause threat to human life and lead to huge economic loss. Last few decade number of approaches have been developed for early detection of landslide for protecting life and saving properties. This paper proposes a prototype for an artificial intelligent model to detect and predict different types of landslides in hilly area with remote sensing techniques. All developing countries are following a steep increase in development of infrastructure like buildings, roads tunnels bridges railway tracks. Demand of connecting remote area is very high but on other side of environment it is also true that high demand of construction in morpho material area is causing many disasters like landslide. Landslide causes the loss of property and life so an early alarming will be help full for disaster management. Remotely sensed data pre-processed with artificial intelligent technologies will be helpful for landslide detection, creating landslide susceptibility map and inventory. Focus of this study is on enhancing the accuracy to detect landslide, list out the different features for extraction from satellite images and pre processing steps. This research also focuses on application of robust early prediction of type of landslide. This research will help in detection of landslide early to protect economical losses and human lives.
An Approach to Pattern Recognition for Identification of Devnagari Script Based on Fingertips and Palm
Authors: Tantarpale Ms. Sharvari , Deshmukh C. N.
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we present an finger point based signed language symbol to text identification and classification algorithm that is based upon RGB image datasets. The palm sized images based upon different sizes, backgrounds, orientation are captured to be preprocessed as per the requirements of developing a convolution neural network based algorithm. This algorithm utilizes Alexnet for the preprocessing requisites where in 47 symbols of Devanagari script are augmented based on the reference rulebook created for our requirements as highlighted in the paper. At the primary level this algorithm provides an excellent classification rate which promises upliftment for our research in the upcoming future. We have provided detailed steps and discussion on the classification parameters considered for our algorithm which is implemented on MATLAB platform with the help of machine learning solution libraries.
Performance evaluation of various machine learning and deep learning models for gene expression
Authors: Thakur Tanima , Batra Isha , Malik Arun
Published: September 2022

Cancer is among those deadliest diseases that affects a mass. So, it requires the timely detection and treatment. There are number of ways through which cancer can be detected. Some of those ways are some “blood tests, CT (Computerized Tomography) scan, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), X-Ray, Ultrasound, gene expression, etc.”. Genes help doctors to find whether a person is suffering or going to suffer from any disease or not. In this paper, we have gone through various ML and DL from the literature. The models are trained and tested on 5 different types of datasets. These are “Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD), Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC), Breast Invasive Carcinoma (BRCA), Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC), and Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UCEC)”. The models are evaluated on the different performance measures such as “MSE, Precision, Recall, F1_Score and Accuracy”.
A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Technologies: Machine Learning and UAV in Crop Management
Authors: Yagnasree S. , Jain Anuj
Published: September 2022

It is a known fact that India is one among the major food producers in the world. Due to the rapid urbanization and Agrochemical interventions, plants are infected by insects, pathogens, massive infestations, which leads to the deficiency of growth nutrients and ions, thereby minimizing agricultural crop yield. These infections occur in several forms like aphids, black root rot, cankers, leaf curls, rusts, anthracnose, and blights make agriculture fail to thrive and increase the impact of crop diseases. Since plant disease prevention is a continuous process that occurs regularly, agriculturists follow several strategies to keep their crops disease-free. An efficient monitoring and supporting system for continuous and long-term plant and soil health monitoring is needed to meet the needs of growing population. In this paper, existing research works in Precision agriculture, emerging technologies – GPS, GIS, Machine learning and UAVs in analyzing crop health analysis, soil health monitoring, and crop yield prediction are reviewed.
Performance Investigation of Back-Compatible Integrated TWDM/GPON System Using MDM And Pulse Shapes
Authors: Singh Ajmer , Bhogal Rosepreet Kaur
Published: September 2022

Optical access networks are the prominent and promising cutting edge technology to provide high speed, and cost effective operation for meeting the requirements of ever-increasing demands of users. Multiple access techniques such as Wavelength and time division in passive optical networks are important innovations to provide high capacity. A mode division multiplexed back compatible integrated next generation PON2 (TWDM PON) and GPON is demonstrated with triple play supportability in this work. Proposed system offer pay as you grow feature and also provide enhanced performance by suppressing the inter-channel interference in TWDM-PON2. System successfully works on same optical distribution network unit for both PON standards without extra arrangements and has potential to support 62.5 Gbps in full duplex mode (Symmetrical downlink/uplink). Moreover, demonstrated back compatible system is analyzed by incorporating diverse modulations such as NRZ-DPSK, RZ-DPSK, RZ-DQPSK, NRZ-DPSK and linecodings NRZ, RZ. Received power, Optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), BER and Q factor are noted at diverse link lengths and it is noteworthy that LP modes with NRZ in TWDM PON provide outstanding results.
Design of Broadband Passive Optical Network Incorporating Different Modulation Formats and Colorless ONUs
Authors: Sachdeva Shippu , Gupta Raghav
Published: September 2022

In this work, a bidirectional broadband passive optical network (BPON) is proposed at 622.08 Mbps by incorporating colorless optical network units and different pulse shapes such as Duo-binary return to zero (DRZ), return to zero (RZ) and non-return to zero (NRZ). For varied link lengths, launching powers in terms of log BER, and Quality factor for downstream and upstream, the design of BPON is examined. The duo-binary advanced pulse shape outperformed the others in bidirectional BPON, achieving a symmetrical distance of 25 kilometres.
Investigation of Inter-Satellite OWC Incorporating Dense WDM and Polarization Interleaving (PI)
Authors: Chawla Sachin
Published: September 2022

Inter-satellite communication based on lasers (LIC) is a possible choice for future satellite networks because to ultra-high capacity and speed systems that may be achieved using compact, light-weight, and low-power optical equipment. The performance of a 64 × 40 GB/s optical wireless system with polarisation diversity for dense WDM is investigated in this research paper. Using a DWDM system with a channel spacing of 50 GHz, a high-speed system is achieved to meet the broad bandwidth needs of data services in satellites. A polarisation diversity approach is implemented in the system to decrease polarisation crosstalk and nonlinearities among nearby WDM channels. Furthermore, a comparison of the polarisation interleaved and traditional DWDM-OWC systems is performed. In addition, it was discovered that a system with varying states of polarisation across neighbouring channels performs better in terms of Q-factor and BER than a traditional system.
Effects of Orthogonal Modulations on FWM in Multichanel Systems
Authors: Ruchika
Published: September 2022

In multichannel systems, four wave mixing (FWM) is a conspicuous and significant performance degrading element. Optimized modulation formats are necessary to decrease FWM effects and boost the data rate supportability of multichannel systems. By combining 3-D and 2-D orthogonal modulation formats, multichannel system with eight channels and each operating at 10 Gbps is suggested in this paper. Polarization shift keying is an important modulation that has been examined bay taking Q-factor into consideration at various distances. Furthermore, FWM power is examined and a comparison for 3-D, 2-D, and 1-D modulations at different frequency spacings such as 100 GHz, 50 GHz, and 25 GHz has been established. Because 2-D orthogonal modulation has the least amount of FWM, it is suggested for usage in WDM systems with ultra-dense spacings.
An Economical and Ultra Dense WDM-PON System with Polarization Interleaving and PWR
Authors: Sachdeva Shippu , Bansal Mohit
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a cost effective and easy maintenance based dispersion compensation technique is proposed in ONU of the wavelength reused wavelength division multiplexing reliant passive optical network. Moreover, in order to suppress intra-channel crosstalk DQPSK is employed for downstream and for inter-channel crosstalk suppression, polarization interleaving is used in the system. Furthermore, for the investigation of proposed system in terms of dispersion reduction, three different scenarios are considered such that system with only DCF, linearly chirped FBG and joint module of DCF+FBG. System has total 4 channels and each has bit rate of 20 Gb/s with 25 GHz channel spacings. It is observed that joint module of DCF+FBG has maximum ability to compensate dispersion and linearly chirped FBG has least performance. Proposed joint technique for pulse width reduction in ONU is cost effective, highly efficient to combat with pulse width reduction issues and also needs very less maintenance.
Improvement in Depth of Reflection Co-efficient below -20 dB for Millimeter–Wave Antenna
Authors: Singh Simerpreet , Sethi Gaurav , Khinda Jaspal Singh
Published: September 2022

A low cost microstrip antenna is designed formm–wave applications on FR4 substrate. It consist of patch, etched with an open polygon slot (OPS) at lower central edge of it and partial ground plane. This etching of OPS is used to improve depth of reflection co-efficient below -20 dB which is equivalent to mismatch loss (MLdB) ≤ 0.04 dB. This proposedmm–wave antenna also provides 3 dBi– & 5 dBi–gain-bandwidth of 6 GHz (34.72—40.72GHz) & 3.91 GHz (34.72—38.63GHz) respectively with a peak gain of 12.4 dBi at 35.1 GHz and acceptable radiation efficiency of 58.05 %. Simple design, low manufacturing cost and ease of fabrication makes proposed antenna suitable for high end practicalmm–wave applications.
Ideal congestion control model to enhance the quality of service of VANET network
Authors: Gogoi Rajkamal , Arora Sandeep Kumar
Published: September 2022

Vehicular Adhoc Technology (VANET) is a mobile ad-hoc network where each vehicle combines with a communication link. Well fascinated and proper connectivity between the vehicle nodes are very essential to make the communication efficient. But high mobility and rapid change in locations of the vehicles often hampers its performance. Also often disconnection and overloading issues inside the network create an extra burden to vanet. So it is very important to make the network free from these factors so that smooth communication can happen between the network. In this paper, we have proposed our algorithm to control the network from congestion occurrence. Which ultimately enhanced the performance and QoS of the network
Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO under pilot contamination.
Authors: Dutta Ragit
Published: September 2022

5g is fast becoming a reality in the modern world. Telecom companies all around the world are already rolling out 5G in various parts of the world. As of now there are 3 key technologies that will enable us to implement 5G in our surroundings. Massive MIMO is one of them. Massive MIMO focuses on the aspect of improving the spectral efficiency. Tremendous data rates are achievable with spectral efficiency. However there are several bottlenecks in the implementation of Massive MIMO. Pilot Contamination is one of the most prominent issues in massive MIMO. This paper is about addressing the issue of Pilot Contamination in Massive MIMO. This paper also focuses on the various mitigation schemes proposed by researchers in the past.
Load Balancing using Fixed Geometric Arrangements of Fixed and Mobile Small Cells in Mili-Meter Network
Authors: Verma Shekhar , Pandey Vaibhav , Khurana Preeti
Published: September 2022

The upcoming generation of cellular networks is going to make extensive use of mmWave for communication. Hence, there will be a need for small cells to counter the loss incurred due to the more energy dissipation of mmWave. Small cells contain transmitters and receivers and hence there will be the need to balance the load efficiently so that no one is overwhelmed with functions to perform while others are relatively idle. In this paper, the performance of the user association algorithm is analysed when it is subjected to different scenarios like micro-urban, macro urban, suburban and rural. these scenarios are subjected to different frequency bands of mmWave and are compared for the values of the load balancing index. The load balancing algorithm is subjected to different small cell deployment techniques and the comparison is made for best deployment strategy among Quadrature based Approach (QBA) and Random deployment. Simulation results show that the sub-urban scenario has the maximum load-balancing index. On comparing QBA and random deployment approach QBA has a higher load balancing index in the suburban and rural scenarios and random deployment has a higher load balancing index in Indoor environments.
Performance Improvement of Next-Generation Network with Cognitive Radio Network and Coordinated Multipoint Joint Transmission
Authors: Valentin Disashi , Gupta Akhil , Sharma Manmohan
Published: September 2022

Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is a favourable technology for the future of wireless networks. It aims to seamlessly exploit spectrum resources by opportunistically using the unused or underused radio spectrum that is licensed. Cognitive Radio Network is a technology that is planned to be used in the 5th Generation of wireless communication. This technology is belied to be the answer to the unused and underused radio spectrum in the Radio environment. Whereas Coordinated Multipoint Joint Transmission (CoMP JT) is a technology that has already been used, first used in 3GPP LTE-Advanced. Coordinated Multipoint Joint Transmission aims to improve the performance of the cellular network. In this report, Cognitive Radio Network is being implemented along with Coordinated Multipoint Joint Transmission techniques. An inclusive and layered architecture of Cognitive Radio Network along with Coordinated multipoint Joint Transmission is being designed in this report, showing different technologies and different steps involved in the concept of this combination. Then the impact of CoMP JT on CRN is being studied. By implementing CoMP JT on CRN, it has been able to show how the performance of CRN is changing when implemented alone and when implemented with CoMP JT and some of the significant results are being depicted to better understand the changes in CRN with CoMP JT. Lastly, a study is performed on the combination of Cognitive Radio Network and Coordinated Multipoint Joint Transmission. As far as the investigation is being performed, two factors have been considered, which is: Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and Total Average Throughput (TAT). The detailed study is being performed in this report and is being implemented in three different environments. Hence the results are being compared and a conclusion is being drawn based on these results.
Energy Harvesting Technique for Massive MIMO Wireless Communication Networks
Authors: Bolla Sandhya , Singh Manwinder
Published: September 2022

Massive For wireless data and energy transfer, MIMO, a key component of future 5G systems, is favourable. A big part of the reason for this is that it has the ability to narrow down the distribution of energy. The scope of something enormous Multiple-Input in 5G, harvesting may be used to boost system capacity and efficiency via multiple-output multiple access. This was followed by the introduction of the Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) method, commonly known as energy harvesting optimization. Specific to each user’s needs, we connected a splitter on the receiver, and we measured their output using power beacons. In order to achieve the lowest possible communication rate, the user’s total gathered power is boosted. Simulations show that the proposed technique is more successful than the other options out there. There are two sources of energy for D2D transmitters: specialised beacon signals, and cellular users (CUs) radio frequency (RF) interference. In D2D transmitters, inverse power control techniques are used for power regulation. We employ Poisson Point Processes(PPP) to model the proposed hybrid network’s CU, D2D user (DU), and PB locations. Each slot in the time period is assigned a different beam forming weight. Using the alternating minimization technique, we provide a solution approach for a non-convex quadratic ally limited linear problem. Long-distance wireless power transmission requires the use of energy beam generation technologies in a large-scale MIMO system in order to make sure that the transmission is safe. In other words, this letter tries to maximise the energy efficiency of information transmission (bits per joule) while keeping the required quality of service (QoS), which is a delay constraint, in mind. This is done by maximising the transfer length and transmits power, among other things. In this case, we try to maximise the total amount of energy at the relays, use block diagonalization (BD) at the source, and try to minimise interference between the relay-destination channels. As a last step, we also run simulations of the power consumption of a generic circuit. As a supplement to this work, there are some basic online rules for all possible situations. Numerical results show that a near-optimal online technique can do the same job as its offline counterpart when the maximum power consumption of the circuit is taken into account.
Indoor Navigation System for Public Evacuation in Emergency Situation
Authors: Wakchaure Manoj , Tamboli Mubin , Sonkar Shrinivas
Published: September 2022

Today Technology has achieved wide scope of range. Nowadays we can see the different type of emergency application but most of them for outdoor navigation like GPS etc. AR in indoor navigation has become a good technology to show the right direction efficiently. In this paper, we are going to develop one application that focuses on indoor navigation using Augmented Reality technology. Using this application user will scan a QR code, then the system will recommend the shortest and efficient pathway. Generally, our system is useful in multi-floor buildings like malls, institutes, etc. Our pathfinder application will use a sensor inside the smartphone for navigation which will direct users to the emergency exit path.
To evaluate the performance of machine learning algorithms in predicting student dropout on MOOC platforms
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Singh Amar , Sharma Ashok
Published: September 2022

Online learning using Massive Open Online courses(MOOCs) has gained a lot of hype in recent years due to its great potential in having the widest reach in delivering the state-of-the-art resources to the unlimited number of online learners without limiting itself to any geographical boundary. Along with gaining popularity, MOOCs have been facing challenges like high attrition or dropout rate since its birth. The main motivating factor behind the study is to fill the gap which has been there because of very limited literature available there to find the real cause behind these challenges. The current study tries to find the solution of the said challenges by finding the significant contributing factors which highly affect the target variable in the study which is number of certified students in this case. The dataset used in this paper is publicly available in dataverse repository of Harvard university. The dataset is a compilation of student clickstream log data consisting of 641138 instances of enrolled students in various MOOC courses of Harvard and MIT. The study evaluates machine learning models like logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, K-Nearest Neighbor to determine their efficiency in predicting the student dropout. The results of this study can be used to create a framework for recommending necessary actions to the at-risk students to reduce the dropout rate.
Autonomous Assistance System for Visually Impaired using Tesseract OCR & gTTS
Authors: Khete Tushar , Bakshi Aditya
Published: September 2022

OCR makes machines to recognize text automatically. It not only saves retrieval times but also helps in digitalization of important documents. In this paper different techniques are used for converting textual matter from an paper document or an image into machine readable form (OCR text output) and then into audio output using gTTS (Google Text-to Speech, a Python library and CLI tool to interface with Google Translates text-to-speech API). In proposed model, the content writes spoken mp3 data to a file, a file-like object (byte string) for further audio manipulation with flexible pre-processing and tokenizing. The approach results into a graspable and comprehensible text output & then fed into audio output for inference with 99 % accuracy. This paper outlines the stages of development, the major challenges with some interesting result comparison with different state of approaches.
Co-Resident Attack and its impact on Virtual Environment
Authors: Jena Sudibyajyoti , Sahu Likhet Kashori , Mishra Debahuti , Rao Madhuri , Kumar Kulamala Vinod
Published: September 2022

Cloud computing (CC) is one of the emerging computing models that potentially transform the IT industry. The cloud computing is defined as a computing paradigm that enables suitable, universal, on-demand network access of various computing resources like data storage, OS (Operating System), computer applications and software as well. A Cloud model essentially is characterized with features like on-demand self-service, better network access, resource distribution, elasticity and measured services. Cloud computing is also known as Internet Computing and is indeed reshaping the way industries and organisations function. It facilitates the service taker or the client to use various IT resources like OS (Operating System), middleware and various applications without the need of downloading it. In this paper a brief view of this computing paradigm and the underlying cloud infrastructure is presented. We essentially present an analysis of various security challenges that are inherent in the Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS) cloud model and explain terms like virtualization, VM (virtual machine), SLA (Service level agreement), etc. Here, CloudSim simulator is explored to study the impact of variation of cache size of the Virtual Machine on the availability of data centres, that occurs due to co-resident attack. Further, a brief view of the co-resident attack is further presented and some of the feasible countermeasures are discussed further.
An LoRa based WSN for monitoring targeted Audience with Heart Diseases
Authors: Narenthira Prasath D , Singh Dushyant Kumar
Published: September 2022

Health 5.0, health digitization is growing rapidly with the help of Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). The growth in this sector motivated us in learning the loopholes in the advancements. The various communication technologies and strategies are discussed based on the power consumption, speed and range. The LoRa is seen to work on low power, high range with less data transmission. Investigating the fields of Wireless Sensor Network, LoRa is seen as a reliable protocol that can best fit for Wireless sensor Network. The applications based on the capability of the system is reviewed considering the wide scale properties of each component. The best fit processing unit based on cost with the transmission protocols is discussed to give a clear vision on the technologies. Various transmission protocols are reviewed and LoRa is taken ahead in exploring and enhancing the features considering the knowledge gap. The speed of LoRa is simulated using Pothos, and the range is tested on the real ground. The data distribution based on heavy data transmission is discussed. The role of IoT and IoMT in the growth of the sector is visualized as the major contribution is given by the technologies. The Future scope of research in healthcare is concluded motivating the researchers giving a wide range opportunity to work on.