bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal plasticity of wing size and wing spot size in Drosophila guttifera
Authors: Fukutomi Yuichi , Takahashi Aya , Koshikawa Shigeyuki
Published: June 2023

Thermal plasticity of melanin pigmentation patterns in Drosophila species has been studied as a model to investigate developmental mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity. The developmental process of melanin pigmentation patterns on wings of Drosophila is divided into two parts, prepattern specification during the pupal period and wing vein-dependent transportation of melanin precursors after eclosion. Which part can be affected by thermal changes? To address this question, we used polka-dotted melanin spots on wings of Drosophila guttifera, whose spot areas are specified by wingless morphogen. In this research, we reared D. guttifera at different temperatures to test whether wing spots show thermal plasticity. We found that wing size becomes larger at lower temperature and that different spots have different reaction norms. Furthermore, we changed the rearing temperature in the middle of the pupal period and found that the most sensitive developmental periods for wing size and spot size are different. The results suggest that the size control mechanisms for the thermal plasticity of wing size and spot size are independent. We also found that the most sensitive stage for spot size was part of the pupal period including stages at which wingless is expressed in the polka-dotted pattern. Therefore, it is suggested that temperature change might affect the prepattern specification process and might not affect transportation through wing veins.
A quantitative framework for security assurance evaluation and selection of cloud services: a case study
Authors: Shukla Ankur , Katt Basel , Yamin Muhammad Mudassar
Published: June 2023

Due to the high adoption of cloud services, the protection of data and information is critical. Cloud service customers (CSCs) need help to obtain the authoritative assurances required for the cloud services and negotiate the cloud service contract based on the terms and conditions set by cloud service providers (CSPs). Several standards and guidelines are available for assessing cloud security. However, most of these standards and guidelines are complex and time-consuming to select a service or make an informed decision for CSCs. Moreover, the existing methods are insufficient to solve this problem because they are process-oriented, neglect the importance of stakeholder requirements, and lack a comprehensive and rigid analytic method that can aid decision-makers in making the right decisions. In this paper, we developed two evaluation techniques: (i) a quantitative cloud security assurance method to assess the security level of cloud services by measuring the critical security properties and (ii) a novel and rigid categorical analytical method that enables CSPs to identify the major problems in the system and assess how much gain can be achieved by solving each of them. The cloud security assurance method is based on two important metrics: security requirement and vulnerability. It assists CSCs in avoiding severe mistakes and making informed decisions while selecting a cloud service. Moreover, these methods support CSPs in improving the security level of cloud services and meet customer requirements. The proposed methods are validated using different case scenarios on a private cloud platform.
Incorporating topic membership in review rating prediction from unstructured data: a gradient boosting approach
Authors: Yang Nan , Korfiatis Nikolaos , Zissis Dimitris , Spanaki Konstantina
Published: June 2023

Rating prediction is a crucial element of business analytics as it enables decision-makers to assess service performance based on expressive customer feedback. Enhancing rating score predictions and demand forecasting through incorporating performance features from verbatim text fields, particularly in service quality measurement and customer satisfaction modelling is a key objective in various areas of analytics. A range of methods has been identified in the literature for improving the predictability of customer feedback, including simple bag-of-words-based approaches and advanced supervised machine learning models, which are designed to work with response variables such as Likert-based rating scores. This paper presents a dynamic model that incorporates values from topic membership, an outcome variable from Latent Dirichlet Allocation, with sentiment analysis in an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model used for rating prediction. The results show that, by incorporating features from simple unsupervised machine learning approaches (LDA-based), an 86% prediction accuracy (AUC based) can be achieved on objective rating values. At the same time, a combination of polarity and single-topic membership can yield an even higher accuracy when compared with sentiment text detection tasks both at the document and sentence levels. This study carries significant practical implications since sentiment analysis tasks often require dictionary coverage and domain-specific adjustments depending on the task at hand. To further investigate this result, we used Shapley Additive Values to determine the additive predictability of topic membership values in combination with sentiment-based methods using a dataset of customer reviews from food delivery services.
Conserving useful plants for a sustainable future: species coverage, spatial distribution, and conservation status within the Millennium Seed Bank collection
Authors: Liu Udayangani , Gianella Maraeva , Dávila Aranda Patricia , Diazgranados Mauricio , Flores Ortíz César Mateo , Lira-Saade Rafael , Bacci Silvia , Mattana Efisio , Milliken William , Mitrovits Olivia , Pritchard Hugh W. , Rodríguez-Arévalo Isela , Way Michael , Williams China , Ulian Tiziana
Published: June 2023

A substantially rich diversity of the world’s recorded useful plants (UPs) is captured within the Millennium Seed Bank collection hosted by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, at Wakehurst, UK with 13,598 species (34%) belonging to 3696 genera and 325 families. This constitutes just over half of the total accessions and one third of the species and covers all 9 continents, 8 realms, 14 biomes, 34 biodiversity hotspots and 175 countries. The most common beneficial use category within the captured diversity is medicinal, then species with environmental, material, and human food value. About 86% of conserved UP species have a ‘Least Concern’ conservation status but 8% are identified as globally threatened. The advantages of mutual, continued, and long-term partnership (e.g., Mexico) are showcased when conserving plants important for local communities and addressing conservation challenges beyond seed banking. However, the geographic coverage suffers from a lack of partnerships with some parts of the world. Also, a low number of accessions contributed from many countries means that insufficient native range is yet to be captured for many species. This is particularly the case for restricted or narrow distribution species from families or genera with a high incidence of recalcitrant or short-lived seeds. Future planning must tailor better to cover the spatial distribution patterns for individual species, thereby improving the number of accessions and geographical coverage for those captured. Moreover, seed biology research should characterise desiccation tolerance and develop complementary, novel conservation methods, such as cryopreservation, to strengthen conservation options for UP species.
Drivers of zooplankton dispersal in a pond metacommunity
Authors: Parry Victor , Kiemel Katrin , Pawlak Julia , Eccard Jana , Tiedemann Ralph , Weithoff Guntram
Published: June 2023

Dispersal success is crucial for the survival of species in metacommunities. Zooplankton species engage in dispersal through time (i.e., egg bank) and space (i.e., vectors) by means of resting eggs. However, dispersal to patches does not equate to successful colonization, as there is a clear distinction between dispersal rates and successful colonization. We performed a field mesocosm experiment assessing dispersal and colonization success of zooplankton from resting eggs or transport via directional wind/airborne and biotic vectors in the vicinity of three ponds. By using active vs. sterile pond sediments and mesh-covered vs. open mesocosms, we disentangled the two mechanisms of dispersal, i.e., from the egg bank vs. space. We found that for both rotifers and cladocerans, sediment type, mesh cover and duration of the experiment influenced species richness and species composition. The relative contribution of resting stages to dispersal and colonization success was substantial for both rotifers and cladocerans. However, wind/airborne dispersal was relatively weak for cladocerans when compared to rotifers, whereas biotic vectors contributed to dispersal success especially for cladocerans. Our study demonstrates that dispersal and colonization success of zooplankton species strongly depends on the dispersal mode and that different dispersal vectors can generate distinct community composition.
Thermal and tribo-mechanical properties of high-performance poly(etheretherketone)/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition
Authors: González-Castillo Eduin I. , Torres Yadir , González Francisco J. , Aguilar-Rabiela Arturo E. , Shuttleworth Peter S. , Ellis Gary J. , Boccaccini Aldo R.
Published: June 2023

The thermal stability and degradation, near-to-surface mechanical properties, and scratch resistance and damage mechanism of poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite coatings are analyzed and discussed in terms of their nanosheet content and microstructure. Although RGO modified the thermal stability and degradation of the polymeric matrix, for instance, by slightly reducing the onset degradation temperature, its addition was not a limiting factor in the PEEK processing. Respecting the microstructural features induced by the nanosheets, the nanocomposite coatings were found to exhibit (i) a partially exfoliated and large-scale co-continuous morphology related to RGO nanosheets whose basal planes were mainly aligned with the coating surface, (ii) a dendritic morphology of PEEK domains related to transcrystallinity, (iii) and irregular domains associated with the deposition of PEEK particles wrapped by the nanosheets. The changes provoked by RGO in the morphology and PEEK crystalline phase influenced the near-to-surface mechanical properties, scratch resistance, and scratch damage mechanism of the nanocomposite coatings. Within this context, the interlayer strength between the nanosheets in the large-scale co-continuous morphology and PEEK transcrystallinity had an important effect. Furthermore, the random-bumpy surface texture formed by the irregular PEEK domains together with the conformal cracking damage mechanism was decisive in the scratch response of the PEEK/RGO nanocomposite coatings. The comprehensive characterization carried out in this work concludes that PEEK/RGO electrophoretic coatings are suitable for a variety of applications requiring tribo-mechanical resistance.

Graphical Abstract
New insights on the potential effect of vinpocetine in Parkinson’s disease: one of the neglected warden and baffling topics
Authors: Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Elhussieny Omnya , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El-Saber
Published: June 2023

Vinpocetine (VPN) is an ethyl apovincaminate that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphodiesterase enzyme 1 (PDE-1). VPN is used in the management of stroke, dementia, and other neurodegenerative brain diseases. VPN may be effective in treating Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, this review aimed to clarify the mechanistic role of VPN in the management of PD. VPN has protective and restorative effects against neuronal injury by reducing neuroinflammation, and improvement of synaptic plasticity and cerebral blood flow. VPN protects dopaminergic neurons by reducing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, glutamate neurotoxicity, and regulation of Ca+ 2overloads. VPN can alleviate PD neuropathology through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic and neurogenic effects. VPN through inhibition of PDE1 improves cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). VPN improves PD neuropathology through PDE1 inhibition with a subsequent increase of the cAMP/cGMP signaling pathway. Therefore, increasing cAMP leads to antioxidant effects, while augmentation of cGMP by VPN leads to anti-inflammatory effects which reduced neurotoxicity and development of motor severity in PD. In conclusion, this review indicated that VPN could be effective in the management of PD.
The challenge of adopting mitigation and adaptation measures for the impacts of sand and dust storms in Eastern Mediterranean Region: a critical review
Authors: Eleftheriou Andreas , Mouzourides Petros , Biskos George , Yiallouros Panayiotis , Kumar Prashant , Neophytou Marina K.-A.
Published: June 2023

Sand and dust storms (SDS) are a major disruptor in both the source areas where they occur and at distant locations. This critical review aims to address the question of whether mitigation and adaptation measures have been or can be implemented and what is the optimal scale of their implementation to negate the impacts of SDS in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR)? Measures which differ in approach are also assessed by recording their successes, failures, and future challenges. We conclude that developing and implementing appropriate mitigation or adaptation measures for SDS at the local level is feasible but, at a wider scale, is a new challenge. This challenge is even more complex in areas like the EMR and the SDS sources affecting it, as it is a crossroad of air masses originating from three major SDS areas, which exhibit economic, political, and social diversity. This review also aims to identify successful mitigation strategies that have been used for similar environmental issues and to draw attention to the lack of adaptation measures in the region. This critical synthesis will serve as a guide for public stakeholders considering measures to mitigate or adapt to SDS based on their effectiveness and the area of implementation.
A serious gaming approach for optimization of energy allocation in CubeSats
Authors: Almalki Faris A. , Angelides Marios C.
Published: June 2023

Energy consumption remains an open challenge in aerial systems such as CubeSats and therefore optimization of its allocation is a top priority for maximizing operational capacity. Our research review reveals a plethora of approaches for optimization of energy allocation and all achieving varying degrees of success and not without any compromises. In this paper, we exploit the use of serious gaming in a novel energy allocation algorithm that aims at minimizing energy consumption to maximize the utilities of both CubeSats and terrestrial sensors. To demonstrate this, we use Stackelberg for serious gaming and standalone topology for CubeSat configuration. The experimental results show that the use of a Stackelberg game approach for optimization has led to reduction in the required transmission energy in sensors, an improved link performance between the CubeSat and ground sensors, and an increase in network lifetime and performance without resorting into sensor power enhancements or other external power sources. The overall average operational capacity improvement predictions range between 22 to 27% across all performance indicators of energy efficiency across RF chains of link budgets.
Bivariate asymptotics for eta-theta quotients with simple poles
Authors: Cesana Giulia , Males Joshua
Published: June 2023

We employ a variant of Wright’s Circle Method to determine the bivariate asymptotic behavior of Fourier coefficients for a wide class of eta-theta quotients with simple poles in $$\mathbb {H}$$
H
.
Automatic Burst Detection in Solar Radio Spectrograms Using Deep Learning: deARCE Method
Authors: Bussons Gordo Javier , Fernández Ruiz Mario , Prieto Mateo Manuel , Alvarado Díaz Jorge , Chávez de la O Francisco , Ignacio Hidalgo J. , Monstein Christian
Published: June 2023

We present in detail an automatic radio-burst detection system, based on the convolutional neural network, for use with any kind of solar spectrogram. A full methodology for model training, performance evaluation, and feedback to the model generator has been developed with special emphasis on i) robustness tests against stochastic and overfitting effects, ii) specific metrics adapted to the unbalanced nature of the solar-burst scenario, iii) tunable parameters for probability-threshold optimization, and iv) burst-coincidence cross match among e-Callisto stations and with external observatories (NOAA-SWPC). The resulting neural network configuration has been designed to accept data from observatories other than e-Callisto, either ground- or spacecraft-based. Typical False Negative and False Positive Scores in single-observatory mode are, respectively, in the 10 – 16% and 6 – 8% ranges, which improve further in cross-match mode. This mode includes new services (, ) allowing the end-user to check at a glance if a solar radio burst has taken place with a high level of confidence.
Water in the city: visitation of animal wildlife to garden water sources and urban lakes
Authors: Gibbons Esther K. , Close Paul G. , Van Helden Bronte E. , Rooney Nicola J.
Published: June 2023

Providing garden water sources (e.g., ponds, bird baths) has become a popular and strongly promoted form of wildlife-friendly gardening, yet evidence of their use by animals is scarce and limited to a few taxa and water source types. We examined the prevalence, variety and potential value to animal wildlife of supplementary water provided within gardens of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, using an online questionnaire and field observations of wildlife visitation to urban water sources during summer 2021. Over 70% of 105 questionnaire respondents indicated the presence of at least one water source in their garden and almost 50% had two or more. Bird baths, ground water-bowls and ponds were the most common water source types provided. During 207 h of field observation, we recorded a total of 43 taxa (birds, insects, mammals, amphibians, reptiles) visiting urban lakes and garden birth baths, ponds and ground water-bowls. Taxa richness was similar at urban lakes (30) and garden water sources (27), although approximately 50% of the taxa recorded in each location were unique to that location. Visitation rates of smaller-bodied wildlife did not differ between lakes and gardens, nor among individual water source types. Multivariate analyses indicated insect assemblages visiting lakes did not differ from those visiting garden water sources, and small bird assemblages did not differ among each water source type. These results demonstrate garden water sources, especially for smaller-bodied animals, can supplement the wildlife values contributed by urban lake systems, and should continue to be promoted as an effective conservation action.
Study on the antipyretic mechanism of large pushing Tianheshui for young rabbits with endotoxin-induced fever
Authors: Wang Huijuan , Tang Wei , Ou Linglin , Chen Bichan , Liu Mailan , Ye Yong
Published: June 2023

Objective

To observe the effect of large pushing Tianheshui manipulation intervention on the body temperature of young rabbits with endotoxin-induced fever and discuss its antipyretic mechanism.

Methods

Thirty-two young rabbits meeting the standards were selected from 40 ordinary young male New Zealand rabbits after being adapted for 7 d, and randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a large pushing Tianheshui group, and an ibuprofen group according to the random number table method, with 8 rabbits in each group. Rabbits in the model group, the large pushing Tianheshui group, and the ibuprofen group were subjected to preparing the endotoxin-induced fever model by intravenous lipopolysaccharide from the marginal ear vein. Rabbits in the large pushing Tianheshui group received Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) manipulation intervention 1.5 h and 2.5 h after modeling, respectively. Rabbits in the ibuprofen group were intragastrically given ibuprofen suspension 1.5 h after modeling. The dynamic changes in body temperature were observed for the young rabbits after fever modeling. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the content changes in positive mediators of hypothalamic body temperature, including prostaglandin (PG) E2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), as well as negative mediators of hypothalamic body temperature, including arginine vasopressin (AVP) and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH).

Results

The body temperature of the young rabbits in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group at 0.5–4.0 h, 5.0 h, and 5.5 h after modeling (P<0.01), showing two obvious fever peaks in the model group at 1.5 h and 3.0 h after modeling, respectively, with the highest peak at 1.5 h. Compared with the model group, body temperatures of the large pushing Tianheshui group and the ibuprofen group decreased significantly after 0.5 h of intervention (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the contents of PGE2 and cAMP were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the contents of AVP and α-MSH were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the hypothalamus of the model group. Compared with the model group, the contents of PGE2 and cAMP were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the levels of AVP and a-MSH were significantly increased (P<0.01) in the hypothalamus in the large pushing Tianheshui group and the ibuprofen group. There were no significant differences in the PGE2, cAMP, AVP, and α-MSH contents in the hypothalamus between the ibuprofen group and the large pushing Tianheshui group (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Large pushing Tianheshui manipulation has a significant antipyretic effect on endotoxin-induced fever in young rabbits. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the positive regulators (PGE2 and cAMP) and promoting the negative regulators (AVP and α-MSH) of hypothalamic control of body temperature.
The more things change, the more they stay the same: an exploratory study of prevalence induced concept change in caregivers of children with autism
Authors: Lovell B , Horan-Anderson G , McCarty K , Wetherell Mark A.
Published: June 2023

Negative emotions are typically high, and typically stay high over time, in caregivers of children with autism. The severity of autism-related symptoms on the other hand tends to improve over time, reducing as the child gets older. Why caregivers’ negative emotions continue to be high at a time when autism symptom severity is improving remains puzzling. This exploratory study asks whether prevalence-induced concept change (PICC) might provide one plausible explanation. A sample of N = 34 participants, of which 17 were caregivers of children with autism and 17 were non-caregiving controls, completed questionnaires assessing negative emotions. PICC was assessed via an online paradigm; participants were shown a face on screen for 500ms and asked, following its disappearance, whether it conveyed a negative (i.e., sad) or a neutral expression. Neutral faces mistaken for sad faces, as our outcome variable of interest, were summed across trials. The prevalence of negative faces was gradually reduced across four experimental blocks (50 trials per block). Mixed ANOVA yielded a significant main effect of block. That is, neutral faces were more likely to be mistaken for sad faces as sad faces became less prevalent across blocks. This pattern of change varied by group; caregivers were more likely to mistake neutral faces for sad faces as sad faces reduced in prevalence across blocks. Errors made by the control group did not vary across blocks. Caregivers’ concept of ‘negative, therefore, seems sensitive to change, redefining its parameters as negative events become less prevalent. PICC might explain why caregivers’ negative emotions remain high when autism symptom severity, as one well-known predictor of those negative emotions, is reducing in prevalence. The implications of these findings for caregivers’ psychological well-being and, by association, care recipient quality of life are considered.
Influence of Probiotics Feed Supplementation on Hypopharyngeal Glands Morphometric Measurements of Honeybee Workers Apis mellifera L.
Authors: Hassan Ashwak Abdel-Moneim , Elenany Yasser Essam
Published: June 2023

More scientific study and methods that are compatible with the honeybee-specific probiotic bacteria are needed in modern beekeeping to increase the productivity and well-being of honeybees. The goal of the current study set out to investigate the possible effects of probiotics previously isolated from the honeybee intestinal tract and soybean patties on nurse worker bee hypopharyngeal gland (HPG) development. The experimentation was carried out in four different treatment groups in which probiotics and soybean patties were provided in different proportions, with control colonies. Results showed that there was a significant increase in HPG morphometric parameters of bees in all experimental groups. Control nurse worker fed with sugar syrup for only 2 weeks had the smallest HPG morphometric parameters. The highest HPG diameter 14.89 ± 0.097 µm and surface area 0.065 ± 0.001µm2 were observed in the bees group fed with both probiotic and soya patty. Additionally, the same trend was observed in all morphometric parameters with the bees group fed with probiotic bacteria and soya patty. More royal jelly can be produced by larger HPGs than by smaller ones. Thus, the use of probiotics as a natural alternative tool boosted the development of Apis mellifera nurse workers’ HPG that will positively affect the beekeepers’ economy by providing a higher yield of royal jelly production. Overall, the study’s findings show that probiotics are a useful feed supplement for honeybees.
Development, behaviour, productivity, and health status of the native honey bee Apis mellifera ruttneri vs. the introduced A. m. ligustica in Malta
Authors: Uzunov Aleksandar , Mifsud David , Galea Thomas , Cutajar Simone , Zammit-Mangion Marion , Meixner Marina D.
Published: June 2023

The tiny population of the endemic Maltese honey bee (A. m. ruttneri) is threatened by anthropogenic influences, such as urbanisation, habitat loss, and unsustainable agricultural practices, but most prominently by the importation of commercially important non-native stock. To obtain data on the colony life cycle parameters of A. m. ruttneri and to measure its apicultural performance in relation to imported A. m. ligustica under Maltese conditions, we conducted a comparative study between mid-2017 and early 2020. Over one full season, colonies of both subspecies (A. m. ruttneri (n = 15) vs. A. m. ligustica (n = 18)) were regularly assessed for survival, colony size, behaviour, and presence of diseases. The comparative assessments were completed in September 2018, but monitoring and sampling of the surviving colonies of A. m. ruttneri continued until March 2020. Our results clearly indicate that the tested group of sister queens of A. m. ruttneri is well adapted to the prevailing environmental conditions in Malta. The colonies survived significantly longer compared to the tested group of sister queens of A. m. ligustica and performed better in several parameters measured, their colony development, and health being well in tune with the environment. A. m. ruttneri received acceptable scores for behavioural traits (gentleness and calmness on the comb), showing potential for improvement by breeding. The results from this pioneering study clearly indicate that A. m. ruttneri, with its superior adaptation to Maltese conditions and the potential to improve by breeding, represents a prime option towards economically sound beekeeping on the Maltese archipelago.
Synergistic Optimization of Buried Interface by Multifunctional Organic–Inorganic Complexes for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Heng , Lu Zhengyu , Zhang Weihai , Zhou Hongkang , Xia Yu , Shi Yueqing , Wang Junwei , Chen Rui , Xia Haiping , Wang Hsing-Lin
Published: June 2023

For the further improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the buried interface between the perovskite and the electron transport layer is crucial. However, it is challenging to effectively optimize this interface as it is buried beneath the perovskite film. Herein, we have designed and synthesized a series of multifunctional organic–inorganic (OI) complexes as buried interfacial material to promote electron extraction, as well as the crystal growth of the perovskite. The OI complex with BF4− group not only eliminates oxygen vacancies on the SnO2 surface but also balances energy level alignment between SnO2 and perovskite, providing a favorable environment for charge carrier extraction. Moreover, OI complex with amine (− NH2) functional group can regulate the crystallization of the perovskite film via interaction with PbI2, resulting in highly crystallized perovskite film with large grains and low defect density. Consequently, with rational molecular design, the PSCs with optimal OI complex buried interface layer which contains both BF4− and −NH2 functional groups yield a champion device efficiency of 23.69%. More importantly, the resulting unencapsulated device performs excellent ambient stability, maintaining over 90% of its initial efficiency after 2000 h storage, and excellent light stability of 91.5% remaining PCE in the maximum power point tracking measurement (under continuous 100 mW cm−2 light illumination in N2 atmosphere) after 500 h.
II. New Methods, New Voices: Biblical Interpretation for Gospel Christology Today
Authors: Ruiz Gilberto A.
Published: June 2023

My sincere thanks to Dr. Elena Procario-Foley and the editorial staff of Horizons for the invitation to participate in the golden jubilee of this magnificent journal. Congratulations on fifty years!
I. Theological Reflection on White Women's Misery
Authors: Coblentz Jessica
Published: June 2023

Following 2020, which has been called “the Year of Karen,” 2021 saw several highly anticipated, book-length indictments of white womanhood. Among them was sociologist Jessie Daniels's Nice White Ladies: The Truth about White Supremacy, Our Role in It, and How We Can Help Dismantle It. There, Daniels weaves stories from her life as a white queer woman and academic with multi-disciplinary research and current events to sketch white women's unique complicity in white supremacy in the United States. Some of her harshest critiques are pointed at progressive white women, who—being “nice white ladies”—are quick to exonerate themselves from responsibility for any number of intersecting structures of oppression. In turn, Daniels calls white women readers to interrogate their own lives and do better, especially through the hard work of sustained collective action.
Social Conflict and Outgroup Sentiment in South Korea: Evidence from the Yemeni Anti-Refugee Campaign
Authors: Kim Harris Hyun-soo
Published: June 2023

Research on attitudes toward immigrants and refugees largely focuses on intergroup conflict and related threats imposed by outgroup members. This study shifts the analytic focus to intragroup conflict: a domestic struggle among natives over how to handle recently arrived refugees and on their perception of foreign workers in general and Muslims in particular. By exploiting an exogenous variation in the interview timing of a nationally representative survey conducted in South Korea, a “new immigration destination,” this study offers a causal estimate (local average treatment effect) of domestic societal conflict on outgroup attitudes. Results from regression discontinuity (RD) analysis show that in its aftermath—immediately following the completion of a controversial e-petition sponsored by the anti-refugee group demanding that the government extradite asylum seekers—the public opinion of Korean adults toward foreign workers and Muslims became more, not less, favorable. Heterogeneous treatment effects are also found across two respondent-level characteristics: cosmopolitan identity and relative deprivation. Specifically, the focal relationship is more pronounced among individuals who identify less with cosmopolitan citizenship and among those who are more relatively deprived.
FIND THE GAP: AN APPROACH FOR VISUALIZING AND ANALYSING DESIGN COMPETENCIES IN A UNIVERSITY WITH INTERDISCIPLINARY CURRICULUM
Authors: Khan Sumbul , Hendra Immanuel , Sudhindra Shravya Thandlam , Binte Abdul Muthalib Nur Liyana , Blessing Lucienne
Published: June 2023

Design education needs to be continually investigated and improved to stay relevant. The Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) is a leading university focused on all elements of technology-based design. The overarching motivation of our research is to enhance design education curriculum at SUTD. Our research objectives are (1) to understand how design competencies are implemented in SUTD's curriculum and courses (2) to identify gaps in teaching of design competencies at SUTD. We analyse competencies in 28 design courses at SUTD. We develop the visualization and analysis of 12 skills grouped under two abilities from the Design competency assessment framework. Our main contributions are: (1) We present an approach to map the design competencies that are taught across design courses at a university with an interdisciplinary curriculum, (2) We present an approach for mapping design competency progression based on ITAE (Introduced, Taught, Assessed, Expected) categorization, (3) Based on the above, we provide preliminary findings on two skill gaps in the curriculum, substantiated with insights from interviews with course coordinators.
FUNCTION-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX MECHATRONIC PRODUCTS FROM AN HTO PERSPECTIVE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Uhri Ekin , Isenhardt Ingrid
Published: June 2023

A component-orientated approach is commonplace in the automotive industry where the development focus lies on components. However, current challenges in the industry necessitates a mindset change in the development. Shifting the perspective from the components to functions can help with changing requirements, manage increasing complexity, support cross-disciplinary development, and foster innovation. To successfully implement this approach, it is essential to address not only the technical aspects of the solution, but also the human and organizational aspects affecting the process for its long-term success.

This paper investigates the function-oriented development methods of complex mechatronic products. A systematic literature review is conducted to analyse the current state of research. The existing function-oriented development approaches are summarized, the technological, human, and organizational perspectives are analysed, and the research gaps are highlighted. It is concluded that while function-orientation gains significance in industry and academia, and the importance of human and organizational factors are highlighted in the literature, they are not yet widely considered within the current function-oriented approaches.
GITHUB FOR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT - HOW COULD THAT LOOK LIKE?
Authors: Hackenberg Georg , Zehetner Christian , Frühwirth Dominik
Published: June 2023

Product development is facing new challenges due to increasingly complex and individualized products in small batch sizes and short time to markets at high quality standards. Integrated product data management along with systematic requirements engineering and early stakeholder involvement are known to be key enablers for the success of future product development. In software development, established platforms such as GitHub exist, which have been shown to improve stakeholder communication, requirements elicitation, and software design decisions. In product development, similar platforms exist with impressive functionality, but which have some drawbacks such as closed source licenses, vendor-specific data formats, and expert-level user interfaces. To overcome the current situation, we study how the ideas of GitHub can be translated to an open source solution for product development and which concepts can be reused or must be changed. Core deliverables of our work are (1) an integrated data model of requirements (or design tasks), project schedules, and revisions of computer-aided design (CAD) models as well as (2) an interface model.
IMPLEMENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF A SCRAP AND FAILURE ORIENTED MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION CONSIDERING OPERATIONAL WEAR
Authors: Bode Christoph , Goetz Stefan , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro
Published: June 2023

The tolerancing of products for manufacturing is usually performed at the end of the design process and the responsibility of the designer. Although components are commonly tolerated to ensure functionality, time-based influences, like wear, that occur during operation, are often neglected. This could result in small amounts of scrap after production, but high quantities of failure during operation. To overcome this issue, this paper presents an approach to perform a multi-objective optimization considering tolerances based on a wear simulation. Thereby, mean shifts serve as optimization variables, while the aim of the optimization is to generate an optimal ratio of scrap to failure. In addition, the optimization results are interpreted and further options for the designer are presented. Moreover, the approach is exemplary applied to a use case.
INVESTIGATION OF CUSTOMER PREFERENCE CHANGES FOLLOWING COVID-19 MARKET DISRUPTION USING ONLINE REVIEW ANALYSIS
Authors: Park Seyoung , Lin Kangcheng , Joung Junegak , Kim Harrison
Published: June 2023

COVID-19 pandemic has continued to pose a challenge to the society for almost three years, adversely affecting all segments of population in a scale unseen in the recent decades. Over the course of COVID-19 pandemic, many people have lost their jobs and income. These social and economic impacts have disrupted the market, potentially altering people's attitudes towards different product features. Therefore, this paper investigates the changes in customer preferences on various features of different products, before and after COVID-19 pandemic, using online review analysis. The proposed framework consists of four stages. Firstly, product review data is collected and preprocessed. Secondly, customer interest in product features is explored using latent Dirichlet allocation. Thirdly, customer sentiment for these features is analyzed with Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner. Finally, the importance of each feature is calculated based on interpretable machine learning. The proposed method is tested on two real-world datasets – smartphone and laptop reviews. The result reveals the changes in customer sentiments and preferences for product features, thus helping companies quickly establish strategies in rapidly changing market environments.
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: INSIGHTS FROM A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Vilochani Sachira , McAloone Tim C. , Pigosso Daniela C. A.
Published: June 2023

Sustainable Product Development (SPD) has been gaining increased attention in academia, industry, and policy. Over the past three decades, significant progress has been observed in incorporation of environmental issues into the product development process, through the so-called ecodesign management practices. Nevertheless, systematisation of the SPD practices, which simultaneously consider the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainability, is still missing. To address this gap, this research aims to identify the existing SPD management practices in the academic literature, with special focus on how sustainability dimensions are currently being considered, their coverage in relation to key knowledge areas for product development and their applicability across the SPD phases. Through a systematic literature review, 362 practices were identified and further classified according to a classification criteria. While environmental considerations are still the most prominent ones, the research highlights the importance of the early stages of product development for SPD, as well as the key knowledge areas which are currently being covered by the practices, such as sustainability evaluation and sustainability improvement.
MULTISENSOR FUSION-BASED DIGITAL TWIN IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR IN-SITU QUALITY MONITORING AND DEFECT CORRECTION
Authors: Chen Lequn , Yao Xiling , Liu Kui , Tan Chaolin , Moon Seung Ki
Published: June 2023

Early detection and correction of defects are critical in additive manufacturing (AM) to avoid build failures. In this paper, we present a multisensor fusion-based digital twin for in-situ quality monitoring and defect correction in a robotic laser-directed energy deposition process. Multisensor fusion sources consist of an acoustic sensor, an infrared thermal camera, a coaxial vision camera, and a laser line scanner. The key novelty and contribution of this work are to develop a spatiotemporal data fusion method that synchronizes and registers the multisensor features within the part's 3D volume. The fused dataset can be used to predict location-specific quality using machine learning. On-the-fly identification of regions requiring material addition or removal is feasible. Robot toolpath and auto-tuned process parameters are generated for defect correction. In contrast to traditional single-sensor-based monitoring, multisensor fusion allows for a more in-depth understanding of underlying process physics, such as pore formation and laser-material interactions. The proposed methods pave the way for self-adaptation AM with higher efficiency, less waste, and cleaner production.
RECONSTRUCTION OF TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZED GEOMETRY WITH CASTING CONSTRAINTS IN A FEATURE-BASED APPROACH
Authors: Mayer Johannes , Denk Martin , Wartzack Sandro
Published: June 2023

Topology Optimization (TO) is an established method for the development of high strength and lightweight structural components. However, its results have to be geometrically revised to obtain a computational model that meets product development requirements. Design has to be in accordance with manufacturing constraints. Geometry reconstruction therefore still is a typically manual and tedious task, but increasingly supported by computational and automated approaches. In this paper, the inclusion of a casting constraint in an automated Medial Axis based reconstruction method is presented. Since the Medial Axis provides cross-section values by the computation of maximally inscribed spheres, this information is used for geometry reconstruction and even further for the purposeful adaption of the cross-section to match Heuver's circle method. Thereby, the directed solidification of molten material is considered. With a predefined feeder position, the demonstrator of a suspension control arm is used to show the application of the method. Resulting CAD-models are also structurally evaluated for their stiffness characteristics.
SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF ADAPTIVE FAÇADES – PREPARING A DATABASE
Authors: Voigt Michael P. , Roth Daniel , Kreimeyer Matthias
Published: June 2023

Adaptive façades (AF) present a promising approach to reduce environmental impacts in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction sector. However, the automatization of the façade produces new challenges as the complexity of the system increases. To support the early phase of interdisciplinary development, solution collections such as databases are helpful. Previous research identified that existing solution collections of AF do not meet the requirements that such a method demands. In the effort to develop an optimized database, this paper investigates how the state of the art can be structured in terms of content in order to present it in the database. Here, a set of design parameters is developed based on identified requirements and on the main characteristics of AF that were previously elaborated. This set offers a comprehensive perspective on the previously realized functions and mechanisms of AF and can also contribute to finding creative solutions in the form of new concepts by combining the design parameters in new ways. Finally, 40 case studies of previously implemented adaptive façades are used to evaluate the set of design parameters.
TOWARDS THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY SYSTEMS: OBJECTIVES AND BARRIERS FROM THE FRENCH LOCAL AUTHORITIES’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Baltazar Julien , Bouillass Ghada , Vallet Flore , Puchinger Jakob , Perry Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Within the on-going ecological transition, mobility systems are considered as sociotechnical systems that raise several challenges for local authorities due to the different levels of decision, a complex stakeholder network and the numerous objectives to be dealt with. Designers are therefore seeking to develop new frameworks to support local authorities moving towards more sustainable mobility systems. Based on the French context, this study relies on an analysis of the regulation and an interview-based survey that depict the mobility design from the local authorities’ perspective. First, it investigates the objectives defined in the law and the difficulties met by local authorities. Then, it highlights the main political, organisational, and knowledge barriers for sustainable mobility. Finally, it proposes a set of recommendations to create a framework to better define and prioritise the objectives, ensure efficient planning and monitoring, clarify the interactions between actors, and enhance mobility plans.
CHALLENGES IN EXTRACTING INSIGHTS FROM LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTS DURING EARLY STAGE DESIGN
Authors: Goridkov Nicole , Ye Kelly , Wang Ye , Goucher-Lambert Kosa
Published: June 2023

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been established as a benchmark for design for sustainability practices. LCA provides detailed technical documents regarding a product's environmental impact, but its use is often limited to trained experts who share the knowledge with designers. Life cycle experts are highly specialized, and the typical designer faces technical barriers and time constraints in extracting information from LCA documents. This work uses knowledge transfer principles to replicate expert practices in LCA information retrieval to support designers. Life-cycle experts (n = 4) were interviewed to understand practices and challenges in information retrieval for LCA documents. Interview findings were used to create a set of guidelines for effectively navigating LCA documents and then tested in a follow-up task where designers (n = 16) annotated an electric toothbrush LCA using the identified guidelines. Results find designers can effectively extract information from LCA documents given provided guidelines, but need detailed support interpreting complex visual entities like charts and figures. This work is the first step toward enabling knowledge transfer from LCA documents and building a structured sustainability knowledge base.