bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waste Smoke Recovery Based on Time Window Path Optimization of Multi-AGV System
Authors: Sun Shunkai , Li Jie , Xu Qi , Shu Meng , Shen Xue , Jin Jin , Cui Haobo , Liu Jingjie , Li Guorui
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a floor fork laser guided transport vehicle is used to recover waste smoke. The advantages are obvious, small and flexible, safe and reliable, and it is widely used in working places with narrow space and high level difference. In the multi-AGV system, each AGV coordinated with each other to complete the waste smoke recovery. When multiple AGVs are running at the same time, it is necessary to consider path planning issues to avoid conflicting paths. On the one hand, the operation efficiency is affected, and on the other hand, the AGV system is paralyzed. Multiple AVGs run in the system at the same time and perform multiple handling tasks at the same time. Coordination is required to avoid or preempt the area first, avoid path conflicts, and collaborate to achieve efficient distribution.
Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Algorithm Based on Target Extraction
Authors: Wang Yumei , Zhang Mingyi , Li Congyong , Wang Tao , Huang Keming , Li Meng
Published: January 2020

With the purpose to highlight infrared targets and improve the fusion quality of infrared and visible images, an infrared and visible image fusion algorithm based on target extraction is proposed. Firstly, impose Canny edge extraction and Otsu threshold segmentation on the infrared images, fuse the binary images extracted from them and obtain the infrared target images. Secondly, lift wavelet transform on V components of the infrared target images, infrared images and the visible images after HSV color space transform, adopt the fusion rules based on regional energy, mutual information and matching degree for high-frequency coefficients and the fusion rules based on regions for low-frequency coefficients under the guidance of low-frequency coefficients of infrared target images for the fusion of low-frequency coefficients. The contrast experiment of image fusion algorithm shows that the fusion algorithm in this paper can better highlight infrared target information, provide rich background details, and is superior to the traditional algorithm in image clarity and human visual effect.
Inversion of Soil Water Content in Jiyang District Based on High Resolution Remote Sensing Image
Authors: Tang Wenwen , Dong Fang
Published: January 2020

The monitoring of soil water content plays an important role in agricultural production. This paper uses high resolution remote sensing image (GF-2 image) and measured soil water content data combined with dual-band, multi-band and PDI index inversion models to invert the soil water content of Xiyan and Wangxingjia Village of Jiyang District, Jinan City, and the effects of soil water content inversion were compared and verified. The results show that the decision coefficients of the multi-band inversion model reach 0.690, respectively, with the highest accuracy. More than 90% of the area in this study area has a soil water content greater than 0.15, which is dominated by suitable and wet soils, mainly distributed in the central part of the study area and near water bodies such as paddy fields, pit ponds and ditches; heavy drought, moderate drought, Light and dry soils account for a very small number, mainly distributed in the southwest direction of the study area, that is, the west side of Wangxingjia Village, distributed in a strip shape. It can be seen that GF-2 images can carry out the inversion of large-scale soil water content and provide a basis for scientific decision-making of agricultural production.
Research on Data Preprocessing in Side Channel Attack Based on Multi-Layer Perception
Authors: Yu Tiankai , Wang Min , Wang Yi , Wu Zhen , Wei Xi
Published: January 2020

The data encryption process in the encryption chip will be leaked by means of timing operation time, probe collection operation power and electromagnetic signal interception, which makes side channel attack possible. The actual power consumption data usually contains a lot of noise, which reduces the success rate of side channel attack. This paper studies the preprocessing of FPGA power data, proposes two indexes -- MSNR (Maximum Signal Noise Ratio) and GE (Guessing Entropy), and the variance and mean curves of Hamming weight assist modelling to summarize three reliable preprocessing methods based on dynamic powers.
High Power-over-Fiber Feed for Radio-over-Fiber Systems with Remote Antenna Units
Authors: Yang Liwei , Yang Huiping , Zhang Qi , Huang Zhengqiu , Zhang Wenjie
Published: January 2020

We experimentally demonstrated a radio-over-fiber transmission integrated with a power-over-fiber system for next generation access networks, which can drive remote antenna units and improve bandwidth utilization effectively. We have achieved high transmission performance and expanded the signal transmission capacity.
An Improved Blockchain Consensus Mechanism Based on Open Business Environment
Authors: Wu Wenmiao , Gao Zhipeng
Published: January 2020

With the rise of the blockchain, the underlying technology has also received more and more attention. The blockchain is a point-to-point distributed system, and the consensus algorithm is a mechanism to resolve the consensus of each node. Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) is a fault-tolerant technology in the field of distributed computing. The blockchain network environment conforms to the Byzantine general problem model. In order to make it suitable for open business environment, we propose an improved blockchain consensus mechanism based on Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Algorithm (PBFT) that consider different business. The consensus algorithm proposed in this paper (OBE-PBFT) introduces the historical behavior credit rating of nodes to optimize the view change protocol in PBFT, so as to solve the problem of low consensus success rate and large traffic when encountering Byzantine nodes. The historical credit rating of the node can make the consensus process more robust, in order to solve the problem of different business in the alliance chain consensus mechanism in the open business environment.
Multi-Channel and Simultaneous Data Acquisition System for Magnetic Tensor Detection
Authors: You Hao , Liu Huiping , Qi Fujun , Li Baogang , Sun Lijuan , Li Yusong
Published: January 2020

This paper reports the design of a multi-channel and simultaneous data acquisition system(MSDAS). It can collect 12-channel magnetic induction component signals with magnetic tensor information rapidly and simultaneously. The STM32F103RCT6 and a 16-bit AD7606 are used as the MSDAQ’s microcontroller and the analog-to-digital(A/D) converter, respectively. Moreover, FATFS file system and TCP/IP protocol are integrated such that the MSDAS is capable of local storage and network simultaneous data transmission in real time. Experiments show that MSDAS can achieve data acquisition error ≤0.5% with the simultaneous sampling rate up to 500Hz. It is verified that the measurement results of magnetic tensor are basically consistent with the theory.
Study on Knowledge Representation Framework and Anomaly Detection of the Intelligent Vehicle
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhang Haoxi , Wang Zuli , Zhao Jun , Shi Lei
Published: January 2020

Intelligent vehicle is a complex system includes at least three parts of information, the vehicles themselves, driving surroundings and drivers which has different formats, different properties, and different collection methods. These differences bring difficulties to communication and knowledge sharing among vehicles and drivers, and also create barriers to vehicle safety research. To address these problems, we propose a novel intelligent vehicle knowledge framework to contain all of related information of intelligent vehicle with clear hierarchical architecture and unified SOEKS structure. Based on the framework the anomaly detection approach using past driving experience and the neural knowledge DNA (NK-DNA) is proposed. And then we introduce the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network into the Networks of NK-DNA, to detect abnormal CAN packages. We examine our approach with real car data and simulated attack data. The simulation results shown our framework and detection method can share easily and found anomalies of CAN bus flow.
Comparision of Eight Topographic Correction Algorithms Applied to Landsat-8 OLI Imagery Based on the DEM
Authors: Fang Yan , Zhao Jinling , Liu Lingling , Wang Jie
Published: January 2020

Topographic correction is one of the most important procedures for remote sensing image preprocessing, and it is also the premise for quantitative remote sensing. According to the latest calibration parameters provided by the USGS website, four Lambert body reflectance models and four Non-Lambert body reflectance models were used to carry out the topographic correction combining the DEM data in R platform. A total of three indicators were used to assess the effects including visual contrast, normalized evaluation of shady slopes and sunny slopes, and linear fitting. The results show that the corrected image of Cosine correction method based on the Lambertian reflectivity model is visually overexposed, and the DN value on the shady slope is over-corrected. The corrected images of Minnaert and Minaret-scs based on the Non-Lambertian reflectivity model visually reduce the amplitude of the terrain fluctuations, and the linear fitting has a small separation factor, which produces a better correction effect.
Research on SDP Software Defined Perimeter Initiating Host Protocol Configuration Algorithm
Authors: Xie Xinmeng , Gan Gang , Chen Yong
Published: January 2020

With the popularity of digital and cloud services, the demand for network security products and solutions is increasing day by day. At the same time, the network security problems are becoming more and more serious. The network security architecture and platform are far from meeting the challenges brought by the current situation. As a new generation network security solution concept, the Software Definition Perimeter was first proposed by the Cloud Security Alliance in 2013. The whole central idea is to build a virtual enterprise boundary in the mobile + cloud era through software. The use of identity-based access control is to cope with the problem of coarse control and poor validity caused by boundary fuzziness, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting data security. This paper mainly changes the infrastructure of the Software Defined Perimeter SDP, and adds the message queue, which mainly stores the control information in the message queue to solve the peak congestion and network congestion problem.
Estimation of Soil Temperature Based on Meteorological Parameters by the HYBRID INVASIVE Weed Optimization Algorithm Model
Authors: Guan Yiqing , Shen Yue , Mohammadi Babak , Sadat Mohammad A
Published: January 2020

Soil temperature (ST) is considered as one of the crucial characteristics of soil affecting physical and chemical processes of soil, agricultural products, the optimal time for planting seeds, etc and land surface ecological system. Hence, estimating this parameter can play an important role in agricultural and hydrology engineering. In this study, soil temperature was estimated using multilayer perceptron (MLP) and hybrid models of multilayer perceptron with invasive weed optimization algorithm (MLP-IWO). For training and testing of intelligence models meteorological data such as air temperature, relative moisture, wind speed, sunshine hours with a ten-year statistical period during 2007-2017 related to the meteorological station of Van in Turkey were used. The results showed for nominated scenario that the MLP-IWO performed best with lowest root mean square error (RMSE) at 2.057 °C when compared with original MLP model with RMSE at 2.426 °C, the MLP-IWO model ranked first. With greatly reduced modeling error rate, the MLP-IWO is suggested as superior models in soil temperature modeling and may be extended to other aspect of soil science. Overall, new hybrid MLP-IWO methods showed the potential to estimate soil temperature from freely available meteorological data, which may help reduce costs and labour in the field and this model has provided as a high accurate model for estimation soil temperature.
Android Malicious App Detection Based on CNN Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: He Peng , Gan Gang
Published: January 2020

In recent years, with the increasing number of Android applications, Android malicious apps have also increased exponentially. This paper proposes a detection scheme based on CNN deep learning algorithms. The scheme uses static analysis and detection methods. CNN deep learning algorithms have become very mature in the field of image classification. Therefore, this article uses a conversion algorithm to convert Android APK binary files to RGB PNG images, and then uses the algorithm to extract permissions in the APK, and converts the permission matrix to a transparency matrix, combines the previous RGB images, and finally generates RGBA images. RGBA images contain more information than RGB images, and the use of CNN deep learning algorithms works better and the final detection rate reaches 93.4%.
The Distribution of Precipitation and Rain Days over the Tianshan Mountains in Northwest of China
Authors: Zhao Chuancheng , Yao Shuxia , Li Qingfeng
Published: January 2020

Analysis of precipitation is important to hydrologists and forecasters over mountain, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The distribution of precipitation and rain days are analyzed based on 31 stations during the period from 1960 to 2018 in Tianshan Mountains. The results is show that the precipitation and precipitation days is significantly affected by topography in Tianshan mountains. The pattern of precipitation is increased from southern to northern, from eastern to western. High precipitation and precipitation days are located in the Ili Valley. The precipitation and precipitation days are increase with elevation increase decrease with longitude increase. But, the relationship is different between precipitation and rain days with latitude in south and north slope over Tianshan mountains.
Fatigue Expression Recognition Algorithm Based on Reconstructed LBP-HOG (LBP-RHOG) Feature
Authors: Qi Yaru , Hu Binjie , Qiu Jinguang , Lin Huijiao
Published: January 2020

This paper aims at two problems in fatigue expression recognition. First, texture features extracted by LBP (Local Binary Patterns) descriptor are limited and can not effectively describe the edge and direction information of image. Second, structural features extracted by HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradient) descriptor are redundant and its computational complexity is high. To fill the gaps of these two problems, we proposed a reconstructed LBPHOG (LBP-RHOG) algorithm which extracted texture spectrum features and edge features from LBP operator and reconstructed HOG operator respectively and obtain fusion information by fusing these two features. To better evaluate the recognition performance, we complete simulation under a self-built fatigue expression database. The results show that our method has low computational complexity and high recognition rate, and can identify fatigue state well.
Dynamic Distributed Algorithm for AP Association under User Random Arrivals and Departures
Authors: Chen Zhenwei , Zhang Wenjie , Yang Jingmin , Chen Shengyu , Yang Liwei , Chai Kiat Yeo
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we study the novel problem of optimizing AP association by maximizing the network throughput, subject to the degree bound of AP. The formulated problem is a combinatorial optimization. We resort to the Markov Chain approximation technique to design a distributed algorithm. We first approximate our optimal objective via Log-Sum-Exp function. Thereafter, we construct a special class of Markov Chain with steady-state distribution specify to our problem to yield a distributed solution. Furthermore, we extend the static problem setting to a dynamic environment where the users can randomly leave or join the system. Our proposed algorithm has provable performance, achieving an approximation gap of

1
η

log

|
F
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. It is simple and can be implemented in a distributed manner. Our extensive simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can converge very fast, and achieve a close-to-optimal performance with a guaranteed loss bound.
A Ka-band Diode-Based Analog Predistortion Linearizer for Solid-State Power Amplifiers
Authors: Song Kexin , Lv Shengyang , Qin Zhifei , Xia Lei
Published: January 2020

In this paper, A coplanar waveguide transmission type analog predistorter for the Ka-band (29-31GHz) solid-state power amplifier is developed and tested. Two Schottky diodes are adopted symmetrically connected between the main line of the coplanar waveguide transmission line and ground used as non-linear signal generating device. The measured results of the fabricated structure exhibited a gain comprehension greater than 3dB and more than 20 degree phase comprehension capability over 2GHz of bandwidth. As a result, measured 1dB compression point of the power amplifier can be significantly improved by 4.9dB at 30GHz.
Spatial Pattern Analysis of Global Burned Area in 2005 Based on Landsat Satellite Images
Authors: Zhang Zhaoming , He Guojin , Long Tengfei , Tang Chao , Wei Mingyue , Wang Wei , Wang Guizhou
Published: January 2020

In this study, global annual burned area Map of 2005 (GABAM 2005) was generated based on all the available Landsat-5 satellite images between 2004 and 2005, using a machine learning algorithm (random forest) and Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Then spatial distribution pattern of global burned areas was analyzed. It is found that the total global burned area in 2005 was approximately 355.71×104km2yr−1, and Africa and South America had the largest burned areas among all the seven continents in the world, with burned areas of 241.76×104km2yr−1 and 34.90×104km2yr−1, accounting for 67.97%, and 9.81% of the global, respectively.
Research on General Model Library Framework of Substation Engineering
Authors: Guan Lan , Wang Wei , Hu Junhui , Zhang Yongzhi , Wang Hui , Yang Xiaoguang
Published: January 2020

The data format of the current substation 3D design results is inconsistent, and the data of different software platforms is not connected. For the problem of these, this paper analyzes the current status and mainstream data format of 3D design of substation comprehensively, and establishes a standard database framework that is suitable for substation engineering, which can ahieve cross-platform data integration and utilization, and provide a technical support for the formation of State Grid Corporation’s substation 3D design standardization model library.
PSO_LSSVM Prediction Model and Its MATLAB Implementation
Authors: Chen Lili , Duan Lei , Shi Yanjun , Du Chenwei
Published: January 2020

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is added to a least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) prediction model, to achieve an objective optimization of parameters, thus globally optimizing the prediction model and improving the prediction accuracy of the model. According to the experimental results, the estimated values of the model are highly consistent with the actual values, which prove the validity of the prediction via the PSO_LSSVM model.
Effect of Bridge Pier Shape on Depth of Scour
Authors: Jalal Halah Kais , Hassan Waqed H.
Published: January 2020

Scour at bridge piers is a common problem in infrastructure engineering, as local scour around bridge piers is one of the most common causes of bridge failure. Prediction of the maximum depth of local scour thus plays an important role in ensuring safety and economy during design and maintenance. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulation methodology for computing the depth of local scour around bridge piers using Flow-3D model is thus proposed in this study. The objective is to investigate the effects of the bridge pier shape on local scour in order to develop an optimal hydraulic design for minimum depth of scour. Local scouring around different shapes of pier (circular, rectangular, square, octagonal, elliptic, and lenticular) in non-cohesive bed sediment under clear water scour conditions was thus simulated for each pier shape at different of flow intensities, fluid depths, and pier sizes. By comparing the numerical results for predicted scour depth around a circular pier with the laboratory experimental results produced by Melville in 1975, the model was found to have about a 10% error rate for prediction of scour depth, demonstrating good agreement with experimental models. The model results revealed that the rectangular pier shape recorded the maximum depth of scour, while the minimum depth of scour was measured for the lenticular shape, this being about 40% lower than for other shapes. All factors investigated were found to have direct effect on scour but the most significant factor was pier width; scour reached its maximum depth value at pier width ratios of 0.2 in rectangular pier shapes; the results also showed that scour depth was comparatively higher upstream and lower downstream. Overall, the proposed numerical simulation Flow-3D method is a reliable tool for predicting and generating discussion of spatial influences on the bridge scour process.
A new physisorption power generation system using advanced adsorbent materials
Authors: Al-Mousawi Fadhel Noraldeen , Al-Dadah Raya , Mahmoud Saad
Published: January 2020

A large number of people worldwide lack access to secure power systems, particularly in developing countries. The abundant solar energy and waste heat energy can be used to generate electric power cleanly using absorption and adsorption systems to build small localized power generation units. The inclusion of a turbine within the physisorption system opens great opportunities to use low-grade and medium-grade heat sources, such as solar energy, geothermal energy and industrial waste heat, for power generation. In this numerical study, the water adsorption system for cooling and electricity (ASCE) is utilized for the first time to generate electric power only using advanced metal organic framework (MOF) materials. The main components of the physisorption power generation cycle (PPGC) are similar to those of ASCE, where the only difference is in the applied operating conditions. In PPGC, the water temperature entering the evaporator is relatively high, so that no cooling effect within the normal range can be obtained. This helps to increase the adsorption uptake in some adsorbent materials like MIL101-Cr, which increases the mass flow rate of the working fluid and improves the power generation process. According to these considerations, the two-bed PPGC system adopted in this study can generate electricity of up to 5.24 kW utilizing about 14.28 kg of MIL101-Cr with heating temperature of 320 ºC. This study highlights the potential of using advanced physical adsorbent materials like MOFs (e.g. MIL101-Cr) in power generation utilizing two-bed PPGC under a range of operating conditions.
Simulation of Triplex Tube Thermal Energy Storage System Using High Temperature Phase Change Material
Authors: Ghaffari Saeed , Ahmadi Rouhollah
Published: January 2020

To increase the capacity factor of a concentrated solar thermal power plant (CSTPP) beyond the hours of sunlight, the use of thermal energy storage systems (TES) can be a promising solution. Phase change materials (PCMs) can store latent thermal energy in the course of the melting process and release it when solar energy is not available. Generally, PCMs have low thermal conductivity. One of the most commercially promising solutions is the application of an extended heat transfer surface inside the PCM container. Moreover, the distance of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) to the core of the PCM in a TES system can affect the storage performance. Accordingly, a triplex tube heat exchanger with eight fins is considered in this paper, to investigate the impact of the different velocity of HTF and different entrance pattern in a vertical PCM container. Notably, the middle enclosure of the triplex tube is filled with PCM. Numerical analysis using an enthalpy porosity technique revealed that increasing HTF velocity reduces the charging time. Also, when the HTF enters from the bottom of the container, the storage time will diminish owing to a natural convection side-effect, but if the HTF flows downward, the amount of sensible thermal energy storage is higher than in the other cases.
Exergy Efficiency for Radiation Heat Transfer
Authors: Mohammed Hayder Noori , Mengüç M. Pinar
Published: January 2020

One of the evaluation criteria for the performance of thermal processes is exergy analysis. Along with energy analysis, exergy calculations provide a clear and highly effective understanding of the performance of a system. Although exergy analysis has been extensively applied to many industrial processes, there are limited works for solar energy conversion systems that include the details of radiation transfer. The use of the Carnot efficiency expressions for calculating the exergy received from the thermal radiation source is questionable because it neglects the directional and spectral aspects of radiation heat transfer. In this study, the exergy efficiency calculations for radiation heat transfer in energy conversion systems are discussed. Comparisons of different expressions for exergy efficiency are presented, and the effects of source and sink temperature variations are explored.
Assessment of Hamming Distance and Self Organization Map in Solving Cell Formation Problem
Authors: Hamza Sanaa A , Khalaf Ammar J
Published: January 2020

The cell formation (CF) problem is considered the most essential issue in cellular manufacturing systems (CMS). CF deals with the arrangement of similar parts into groups known as part families (PFs) and organizes machines also into groups, called machine cells (MCs). In the literature, numerous methods, models and algorithms have been proposed and developed to handle CF problems. However, very few studies have dealt with the assessment and comparison of these methods, to identify the most effective. This has provided strong motivation for the study presented here. The present paper focuses on two methods that are used infrequently to form MCs and PFs, and applies them in three strategies: the first is based on the use of a hamming distance only, while the second uses only a self-organization map (SOM). However, the third method applies a hybrid approach based on SOM and hamming distance. The outputs of the selected methods were compared, to select the best one. A set of five benchmark datasets and three performance measures was used for comparison and evaluation. These performance measures are: percent of the exceptional elements (PE), grouping efficiency (GE), and machine utilization (MU). The results refer to the outperforms of the hamming distance in terms of PE, GE and MU for most of the selected benchmark problems.
Genetic algorithm error criteria as applied to PID controller DC-DC buck converter parameters: an investigation
Authors: Chlaihawi A. A.
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the PID controller parameters of a DC-DC buck converter based on error criteria extracted by means of an applied genetic algorithm (GA)are studied. The GA-PID is designed with optimal parameters by minimising integral errors, and the application of these optimal parameters reduces transient response by minimising overshoot, rise time, peak time, and steady state time during step response. The simulation testing was done in MATLAB, and the performance of the proposed GA-PID method was investigated by the simulation of two different plants. The transfer function of the third order system was initially used as a primary simulation for the proposed method, while DC-DC buck converters were used in the second simulation. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of employing genetic algorithms to generate optimal parameters for PID controllers for the further development of DC-DC buck converters.
Cognitive neuroscience techniques in determining the right time of advertising
Authors: Alsakaa Akeel A. , Borawska Anna , Borawski Mariusz , Łatuszyńska Małgorzata , Piwowarski Mateusz , Babiloni‖ Fabio , Nermend Kesra
Published: January 2020

Cognitive neuroscience techniques are used in many different domains. Among them is marketing research. The general assumption driving such research is that human brain activity can provide marketers with information that cannot be obtained otherwise. The aim of this article is to show, how cognitive neuroscience techniques and neurometrics can be helpful in determining the appropriate time for advertising a product. The study was conducted with the use of the advertisement for dietary supplement enhancing the cognitive abilities. The experiment presented in the paper consists of two parts. The first one was conducted two months before the exams and the second one - during exams It was arranged this way to check, if the students would show more interest in the advertisement when they have examinations (in the “right” time) and if the neurometric indexes are able to capture such interest by showing statistically significant difference between these two periods.
Discrimination between Healthy and Unhealthy Mole Lesions using Artificial Swarm Intelligence
Authors: Aljanabi Mohanad , Abed Jameel Kaduim , Abd H.J. , Duhis Ahmed Hussein , Abdallh Ammar O. , Alanı Nadia
Published: January 2020

In recent years, occurrence rates of skin melanoma have shown a rapid increase, resulting in enhancements to death rates. Based on the difficulty and subjectivity of human clarification, computer examination of dermoscopy images has thus developed into a significant research field in this area. One the reasons for applying heuristic methods is that good solutions can be developed with only reasonable computational exertion. This paper thus presents an artificial swarm intelligence method with variations and suggestions. The proposed artificial bee colony (ABC) is a more suitable algorithm in comparison to other algorithms for detecting melanoma in the skin tumour lesions, being flexible, fast, and simple, and requiring fewer adjustments. These is characteristics are recognized assisting dermatologists to detect malignant melanoma (MM) at the lowest time and effort cost. Automatic classification of skin cancers by using segmenting the lesion’s regions and selecting of the ABC technique for the values of the characteristic principles allows. Information to be fed into several well-known algorithms to obtain skin cancer categorization: in terms of whether the lesion is suspicious, malignant, benign (healthy and unhealthy nevi). This segmentation approach can further be utilized to develop handling and preventive approaches, thus decreasing the danger of skin cancer lesions. One of the most significant stages in dermoscopy image examination is the segmentation of the melanoma. Here, various PH2 dataset image were utilized along with their masks to estimate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of various segmentation techniques. The results show that a modified automatic based on ABC images have the highest accuracy and specificity compares with the other algorithms. The results show that a modified automatic based on ABC images displayed the highest accuracy and specificity in such testing.
A high gain microstrip antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide technology for modern wireless communication
Authors: Abd Almuhsan Murooj A. , Salim A J , Ali J K
Published: January 2020

An antenna based on a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) is proposed in this paper as suitable for modern wireless applications. The presented antenna is formed of two elements; an active and a passive. The active element is directly connected to the feeding line while the passive element, which consists of three segments, is energised by coupling with the active element by a means of a gap. Dimensions of each segment is 3.63 × 19.5 mm2. It was found that the antenna resonates at 16.98 GHz and has an impedance bandwidth of 985 MHz with a reflection coefficient of -35 dB. An overall gain of 9.44 dBi was further achieved with a total area of 30 × 23.5 mm2. A substrate of Rogers Duroid 5880 with relative permittivity of 2.2 and thickness of 0.787 mm is adopted for the design of this antenna. Designing and simulating the antenna accomplished using the Microwave Studio Suite of Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulator.
Channel Crosstalk Impact on OCDMA Performance Under Efficient Diagonal Code and Optimized Pulse Shaping
Authors: Atiya Yasseen Sadoon , Abd H. J. , Salim Noora , Din Norashidah M. , Omran Karar
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the four-wave mixing (FWM) effect on optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) performance systems in the presence of Multi-Diagonal code (MD). System performance improvement is accomplished by means of fibre length tuning and stratified different modulation shapes, which are Non-return-to-Zero (NRZ), Gaussian, and Sine wave, all examined with 500 and 1Gb/s data rate values. The tests show that the NRZ modulation offers better system performance compared with other modulations for all data rate values used. Moreover, the second channel of each user offered better system performance than the other channels used. For instance, for 1Gb/s, at the second channel, the NRZ modulation offered the best performance with a quality factor (Q –factor) of 5.1 at 100 km fibre length, whereas the first channel introduced a worse Q-factor of 3.1 at the same fibre length value.
A biomaterial for scaffold applications: Thermal properties analysis of a PSZ-TiO2/HDPE system
Authors: Kashan Jenan S. , Ali Saad M.
Published: January 2020

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrices reinforced with titanium dioxide (TiO2) biocomposites are seen as promising biomaterials due to their superior properties. In this work, an attempt was made to study the effects of six biocomposites hybrid Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ) samples reinforced with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrices, split into two groups, in terms of withstanding the daily activity loads imposed by human bone grafting and repairs. The fabricated composites were investigated using the hot-pressing technique at different compression pressures and compounding temperature. To achieve characterization, thermal analysis of the process using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques was undertaken. To improve and verify the results, Design Expert 11.0 software and a response surface methodology (RSM) technique were used. For both nanofabricated types, the results showed that an increase in TiO2ceramic filler from 1% to 10 %, caused percentage crystallization to increase by 14.58%. The heat of system fusion for the second fabricated system also decreased by 11%. These results show that this addition reduced the heat of system fusion by 109% compared with previous studies. The glass transition (onset) and end (melting) temperature also increased with increases in the applied compression pressure and hot-pressing temperature when a small value, 1%, of TiO2ceramic nanoparticle fillers in the HDPE matrix. The temperature values were increased when using higher compression pressure of between 60 and 90 MPa, and the onset temperature reached a maximum value of 127 °C. This increase in onset temperature continued when using higher values of TiO2Nanoceramic filler and the onset temperature reached its maximum value with 10% TiO2and 2% PSZ Nanoceramic fillers added to the fabricated nanomaterial system. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scanned curves and the 3D atomic force microscopy (AFM) microstructure and granularity distribution images for both fabricated nanocomposite systems clearly showed that the interconnections between the filler’s ceramic nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix offer high surface roughness values due to the excellent nanofiller particle distribution within the polymeric matrix.
Investigation of Chitosan Film Degradation in Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Kadhim Ishraq A , Abdul Ameer Zuhair J , Alzubaidi Aseel B
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the biological and physical properties of chitosan, a potential polysaccharide resource, were investigated. The proposed film was synthesised by mixing chitosan (CS) solution and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using solvent casting. The modified chitosan/PVA films were then subjected to analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), in which intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the molecules of CS and PVA was clearly demonstrated. The swelling degree of chitosan along with the contact angle were also examined. After the addition of genipin, which increased chitosan concentration the swelling degree, degradation rate, and contact angle was decreased. The results confirm that the properties of chitosan are such that they can be employed for tissue engineering applications.
Effect of Mud Rheology on Cuttings’ Transport in Drilling Operations
Authors: Khalil Abdulk. A. , Adnan M. S.
Published: January 2020

Settling of solid particles in drilling fluids represents a major problem, necessitating effective removal of drilled cuttings to the surface of the well to maintain safe and profitable drilling operations. Experiments were conducted using two group of drilling fluids, Newtonian (water, gas-oil, kerosene, and ethyl-glycol) and Non-Newtonian (Carboxyl Methyl cellulose (CMC)) in four different concentrations. Four cutting sizes were used, with diameters 0.212, 0.445, 0.672, and 0.853 cm, taken from the Garraf area of the Nasirya oil fields. The test results showed lower Reynolds numbers within the laminar flow region compared with the Turbulent flow region. The drag coefficients decreased with increasing particle Reynolds number, and small particle sizes gave higher drag coefficients and lower Reynolds numbers, while large particles gave lower drag coefficients and higher Reynolds numbers in both Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids. The results indicate that an increase in CMC concentration will decrease NRep and increase the drag coefficient for different particle sizes. For non-Newtonian fluids, the settling velocity decreases with increases in CMC concentration due to increases in the viscous forces that oppose settling of particles, while in Newtonian fluids, the settling velocity increases with increasing particle size due to gravity forces increasing. The low CMC concentrations (low n, and high k) offer higher settling velocities, while larger particle sizes give lower drag coefficients than smaller ones.
Effect of fluidization on pressure drop and power consumption in packed bed columns
Authors: Qassem E S , Mohammed S H , Sarmad T N
Published: January 2020

This research investigated the effect of different initial heights of packed bed on pressure drop and minimum fluidisation velocity in packing bed columns. Glass beads with different sizes (6 and 8 mmdp) with density 2, 550 kg/m3were used, with distilled water as the liquid. In order to study the effect of changing the properties of water, a heater with a temperature controller was used to control the temperature of water for each experimental run at one of two levels (20 and 30 °C) to examine any changes occurring in terms of values of pressure drop at minimum fluidisation velocity.

All experimental runs were carried out in a cylindrical Perspex column with a 5 cm inside diameter, 5 mm wall thickness, and 100 cm length; six pressure sensors of transducer type (analogue) were fixed on wall of the column and at bed height in order to measure the pressure; the pressure differences between any two points were thus calculable. The pressure sensors were located 10 cm apart, beginning at the bed mesh holder. The pressure data were recorded using the LabVIEW program and an Arduino.

A comparison was made between a stationary (fixed) and fluidised bed by measuring the pressure drop in each case via pressure sensors at the same flow rate, temperature level, and initial height of bed. It was observed that the minimum fluidisation did not change with changes in the initial height, though pressure drop increased with the increase in initial height and both pressure drop and minimum fluidisation velocity increased with increase in temperature. The fluidisation state showed a lower pressure drop than the fixed state, reducing power consumption. For validation Octave Levenspiel’s equations for both pressure drop and minimum fluidisation velocity were applied, showing good agreement with the experimental work in terms of using the liquid as a working fluid.
Evaluation of the upstream slope stability of earth dams based on drawdown conditions - Khassa Chai Dam: a case study
Authors: Alfatlawi Thair J M , Al-temimi Yahyea K. , Alomari Zeena M.
Published: January 2020

Sudden drawdowns may cause instability in slopes without adequate levels of protection against failure. In this paper, a numerical approach utilising the finite element method (FEM) was employed to examine the seepage and slope stability of a typical earth fill dam. Finite element software (GEOSTUDIO 2012) was used to carry out both steady-state and transient seepage analyses on Khassa Chai Dam in Iraq to study the seepage and upstream slope stability after various upstream drawdown scenarios. To include water levels during evacuation, variable linear water heads with time were identified as boundary states in the transient seepage analysis. The quantity and direction of water flux, existing gradient, and safety factor were calculated for all scenarios. The results revealed that the stability of the slope during drawdown is highly impacted by how fast its pore water pressure dissipates. The results also showed that a minimum F.S. was achieved within 10 hr in the case of a 1-day water drawdown, with the F.S. reduced by 60.66%; this becomes critical when the water level in the basin drops by about 41.67% of its original height.
Estimating municipal solid waste generation from service processions during the Ashura religious event
Authors: Abdulredha M , Abdulridha A , Shubbar A A , Alkhaddar R , Kot P , Jordan D
Published: January 2020

Multiple religious events attended by millions of pilgrims take place across the world every year. Large quantities of municipal solid waste are therefore produced which pose serious threats to the management systems of the host cities and negatively affect their attractiveness. Accurate and reliable information about municipal solid waste generation during such events is thus valuable in terms of management planning and resource recovery applications. The current investigation thus aims to estimate waste generation from the service processions, which are temporary tents set up by Iraqis to provide accommodation and services to pilgrims, during such events. To achieve this goal, a pilot questionnaire survey and an on-site municipal solid waste audit were conducted over 20 processions during Ashura, which is one of the largest religious events in the city, being attended by up to 3.5 million pilgrims. The outcomes of this investigation indicated that municipal solid waste generation from processions broadly varied from 22 to 944 kg per day, with an average of 284 kg per day. This variation can be attributed to the number of meals provided by each procession and similar expenditures. These results can thus be taken as a starting point for introducing a proper management system to be used in Kerbala during religious events.
Assessing provisions in Eurocode2 for anchoring reinforcing bars with bends
Authors: Ajaam A
Published: January 2020

In Eurocode2, the design provisions allow for the anchorage length of reinforcing bars with bends to be calculated as the center line of the bar from the critical section of the member to the end of the straight portion of the bar beyond the bend, with no limit on the maximum value of the length beyond the bend (extension length). This paper thus presents statistical analysis for test results of reinforcing bars anchored with bends, collected from the literature, as a means to assess the performance of the provisions of Eurocode2. Strength of bent bars at an anchorage length depends on many parameters, including concrete compressive strength, embodied as a constant bond stress along the anchorage length; diameter of the bar; concrete side cover; spacing between bars, and confining reinforcement. Test results incorporated in this analysis include 113 simulated beam-column joint specimens with 16, 19, 22, 25, and 36 mm beam bars with stresses at anchorage failure ranging from 213 to 943 MPa, and concrete compressive strengths ranging from 18 to 114 MPa. Each specimen contained 2, 3, or 4 bent beam bars with clear spacing between them ranging from 2db
to 11.4db
. All specimens contained no confining reinforcement within the joint region and a constant concrete side cover of either 65 mm or 90 mm. The analysis showed that, for a given bar diameter, the predicted bar stress at anchorage failure with limitations as originally integrated on bond stress, concrete cover, and spacing between bars is reasonably safe. However, the ratio of test-to-calculated bar stress decreases as the ratio of extension to embedment length increases, resulting in an unconservative design when the extension length exceeds half of the embedment length. For rational designs, an upper limit on the extension length of half the embedment length is thus suggested.
Fracture Mechanism of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pavement Based on a RILEM Design Approach
Authors: Wtaife Salam , Alsabbagh Ahmed , Shaban Alaa M. , Suksawang Nakin
Published: January 2020

Using fibre-reinforced concrete pavement (FRCP) offers excellent performance in terms of enhancing the concrete’s physical properties. The most popular fibres used in creating concrete for pavements are steel, polypropylene, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres, though these come in a variety of geometries (lengths, shapes, sizes, and thickness). This paper utilises steel and PVA fibres at different low volume fractions to examine the improvement mechanism of FRC. The volume fractions of fibre (Vf) used were 0.04, 0.12, and 0.2 % and 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6% for PVA and steel hooked end fibres, respectively. There are many theoretical methods available for determining the effect of fibre inclusion on the load-carrying capacity of concrete pavements. One of these methods is analysing the stress-strain diagram (σ-ε method) according to RILEM TC-162-TDF. This paper used the (σ-ε) method to evaluate these types of fibre, showing that the stress-strain diagram, residual flexural tensile strength, and toughness are improved by adding both types of fibre. The improvement in fracture mechanisms enhances the ability of FRCP to bear stresses and moments, helping to avoid premature failure in the pavement. PVA FRC showed better performance than steel FRC in terms of supporting the external bending moment capacity, however, which reduces the thickness of the concrete required.