bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health‐oriented ‘Bildung’ or an obligation to a healthy lifestyle? A critical analysis of current PE curricula in Germany
Authors: Ruin Sebastian , Stibbe Günter
Published: November 2020

The issue of health plays an important role in the German language sports pedagogical discussion and in German curricula. It is also important here that the idea of ‘Bildung’—an educational ideal in the German tradition which is still of paramount importance and which stems from the obligation of enlightenment and is intended to enable mature judgment—is a normative idea for school lessons. In terms of health in physical education, this throws up the question of whether PE for young people should not simply be focused towards a healthy lifestyle, but rather towards understanding what and how a healthy lifestyle could be and reflect on the role they want it to play in their lives in an emancipatory manner. Therefore, this paper examines the way in which health and health education are considered in current curricula in Germany. A hermeneutic oriented qualitative text analysis is carried out. Alongside differences between the states, the analysis shows an overall tendency towards narrowing down health education. The paper finally seeks to critically discuss this narrowing from a pedagogical perspective as an exemplary process which might be observed in a similar way in other countries.
Distinctiveness and significance of body dissatisfaction and overvaluation among Latinx/Hispanic and White men and women
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Cotter Elizabeth W. , Grilo Carlos M.
Published: November 2020

Objective

To examine the distinctiveness and significance of two body image constructs, dissatisfaction with weight and shape and overvaluation of weight and shape, with respect to eating disorder psychopathology, weight, and depression in White and Latinx/Hispanic men and women.

Methods

Participants were White (n = 1,941) and Latinx/Hispanic (n = 568) adults living in the United States who completed an online battery of established measures of body image, eating disorder psychopathology and behaviors, and depression.

Results

Two body image constructs, dissatisfaction with weight and shape and overvaluation of weight and shape, were related to each other but showed some important distinctions in their associations with eating‐ and weight‐related variables. Significantly greater proportions of White than Latinx/Hispanic individuals reported co‐occurring dissatisfaction and overvaluation, and significantly greater proportions of Latinx/Hispanic than White individuals reported dissatisfaction alone. Ethnicity moderated the association of dissatisfaction and overvaluation with body mass index (BMI), and the association of overvaluation with depression. Ethnicity also had a main effect on binge‐eating frequency.

Conclusions

Dissatisfaction and overvaluation were distinct among both Latinx/Hispanic and White individuals. However, associations with eating‐ and weight‐related variables varied between ethnicities, suggesting a need for further research on the influence of cultural variables on body image and eating disorder psychopathology.
Pollinator dependence but no pollen limitation for eight plants occurring north of the Arctic Circle
Authors: Koch Viviane , Zoller Leana , Bennett Joanne M. , Knight Tiffany M.
Published: November 2020

Effective interactions between plants and pollinators are essential for the reproduction of plant species. Pollinator exclusion experiments and pollen supplementation experiments quantify the degree to which plants depend on animal pollinators and the degree to which plant reproduction is pollen limited. Pollen supplementation experiments have been conducted across the globe, but are rare in high latitude regions. To fill this knowledge gap, we experimentally investigated the dependence on animal pollinators and magnitude of pollen limitation in eight plant species north of the Arctic Circle in Lapland, Finland. Our findings show that all plant species were pollinator dependent, but not pollen limited. We discuss several mechanisms that might buffer our focal plants from pollen limitation, including plant and pollinator generalization, and attractive plant traits. Our results demonstrate that many plant species north of the Arctic Circle are currently receiving adequate pollinator service and provide a baseline for future comparisons of pollinator dependence and pollen limitation in the Arctic across space and time.
N‐terminal pro BNP and galectin‐3 are prognostic biomarkers of acute heart failure in sub‐Saharan Africa: lessons from the BAHEF trial
Authors: Sani Mahmoud U. , Damasceno Albertino , Davison Beth A. , Cotter Gad , Mayosi Bongani M. , Edwards Christopher , Azibani Feriel , Adam Tasneem , Arif Gulnaze , Jessen Neusa , Sliwa Karen
Published: November 2020

Aims

The relationship between N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro‐BNP) and galectin‐3 and outcomes has not been studied in African patients with acute heart failure (AHF). The current analysis sought to describe the association between plasma levels of NT‐pro‐BNP and galectin‐3 and cardiovascular (CV) death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization, as well as their associations with symptoms and echocardiography markers of left and right ventricular remodelling among AHF patientsv in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Methods and results

In a subset of 80 patients with complete data in a study assessing the effects of hydralazine and nitrates in patients with AHF (BAHEF trial; NCT01822808), NT‐pro‐BNP and galectin‐3 analyses were performed, and the association with various characteristics and outcome measures assessed. The mean age of the patients for whom the aforementioned biomarkers were measured was 52.6 years, with 52.5% women. Galectin‐3 at baseline predicted changes (Week 24 to baseline) in left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. Biomarkers and their changes were not associated with changes in 6 min walk test at 24 weeks. Baseline galectin‐3 and change in NT‐pro‐BNP were associated with improvements in dyspnoea at 24 weeks. Nine patients had an HF readmission or died of CV causes through 24 weeks (11.6%). Both biomarkers at baseline predicted combined CV death or HF hospitalization through Week 24 (P‐values = 0.0328 and 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions

In a cohort of patients with AHF from sub‐Saharan Africa, NT‐pro‐BNP and galectin‐3 at baseline and their changes were associated with some changes in dyspnoea, echocardiographic remodelling, and CV death or HF hospitalization through Week 24. These tests have potential of being used for risk stratification of AHF patients in sub‐Saharan Africa where resources are scarce.
Electrochemical Investigation of Gold Based Screen Printed Electrodes: An Application for a Seafood Toxin Detection
Authors: Koç Yücel , Moralı Uğur , Erol Salim , Avci Huseyin
Published: November 2020

Although commercial screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) are used extensively for biosensor purposes nowadays, detailed studies on characterization are still limited. In this study, the surface of the gold‐based screen‐printed electrode (SPGE) was carefully modified with self‐assembly‐monolayer through an optimized immobilization procedure. The key physical and chemical properties with regeneration capacity of the developed biosensors were assessed by various characterization techniques. Then SPGE was used to determine its sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for a toxin substance of domoic acid in seafood that has become more common and rising concern of marine wildlife and seawater pollution. LOD in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture media were obtained as 2.93 ng mL−1 and 4.28 ng mL−1, respectively. The reduced sensitivity for antibody‐based biosensors in the cell culture medium was probably due to interaction of nonspecific compounds with DA in the culture medium compared to the much less complex environment of PBS. In addition, the regeneration capacity has been found very limited due to inherent heterogeneity and low robustness. This study can be used for the main challenges with the design requirements of commercial SPE‐based biosensors to provide a detailed perspective for further toxicity studies.
Determination of PEGylation homogeneity of polyethylene glycol‐modified canine uricase
Authors: Li Haigang , Huo JingJing , Sun Dan , Guo Yong , Jiang Liang , Zhang Haijuan , Shi Xiaowei , Zhao Zhilong , Zhou Jinchuan , Hu Chunlan , Zhang Chun
Published: November 2020

Polyethylene glycol‐modified canine uricase (PEG‐UHC) was prepared by modifying the ε‐amino group of lysine residues on the canine uricase (UHC) protein to near‐saturation with 5 kDa monomethoxyl‐polyethylene glycol succinimide (mPEG‐SPA‐5k). In order to accurately determine the PEGylation uniformity of PEG‐UHC, CZE, 3–8% gradient gel SDS‐PAGE, and imaging CIEF (iCIEF) analyses were compared. CZE could not effectively separate PEG‐UHC proteins with different degrees of modification, 3–8% gradient gel SDS‐PAGE could separate PEG‐UHC into seven gel bands; however, most of the gel bands were smeared or blurred, and the separation of PEG‐UHC samples by iCIEF was significantly better than that by 3–8% gradient gel SDS‐PAGE. Under denatured conditions, iCIEF separated 12 pI peaks, and could also accurately quantify the relative monomer PEG‐UHC content. More than 85% of the total monomeric PEG‐UHC was conjugated with 7–12 PEG molecules; of this 85%, approximately 40% was conjugated with 9–10 PEG molecules. These results demonstrated that iCIEF exhibits good potential for determining the PEGylation homogeneity of PEGylated protein drugs.
Characterizing rates of physical activity in individuals with binge eating disorder using wearable sensor technologies and clinical interviews
Authors: Wons Olivia B. , Michael Megan L. , Lin Mandy , Juarascio Adrienne S.
Published: November 2020

Objective

Research suggests physical activity (PA) improves behavioural, psychological and behavioural symptoms in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED), yet self‐reported PA is notably low. Little remains known about objective rates of PA and subclinical levels of maladaptive PA (i.e., compensatory or driven PA), and few studies have attempted to understand the role that dissatisfaction and overvaluation with shape and weight plays in promoting PA in individuals with BED. We sought to characterize PA and investigate whether elevated rates of shape and weight concerns contribute to rates of PA in individuals with BED.

Method

Individuals meeting DSM‐5 diagnosis of BED (N = 56) completed the Eating Disorder Examination and wore a Fitbit Flex 2 for 1 week.

Results

On average, participants recorded 7621.12 (SD = 3034.20) daily steps and 194.30 (SD = 161.45) weekly moderate‐to‐vigorous PA minutes. About 21% of participants reported subclinical levels of maladaptive PA. Greater shape and weight overvaluation predicted lower duration of compensatory PA.

Conclusion

A small percentage of individuals with BED are engaging in subclinical levels of maladaptive PA, and there is a need to identify factors that influence rates of PA in individuals with BED.
Robust methods for the decomposition and interpretation of compound dunes applied to a complex hydromorphological setting
Authors: Scheiber Leon , Lojek Oliver , Götschenberg Axel , Visscher Jan , Schlurmann Torsten
Published: November 2020

Underwater dunes are a morphological feature that are explored by marine scientists and coastal engineers alike. This study presents new methodologies in order to simplify bedform identification and morphodynamic analyses. Specifically, subaqueous compound dunes are decomposed with a simple yet extensive tracking algorithm, which relies on a repeated evaluation of unfiltered bed elevation profiles according to five predefined length classes. In a second step, morphological trends are assessed in the form of bed migration rates, bed slope asymmetries and net sediment changes, in which all parameters are referred to equidistant sections of the examined fairway stretch. This integrated approach not only avoids the challenges in weighting the varying size and abundance of dunes of different scales but also ensures comparability between dune‐specific and areal parameters, which significantly improves the interpretation of the morphological setting as a whole. The developed methods are applied to the Outer Jade fairway, an anthropogenically influenced and regularly maintained waterway in the German Bight, and allow scrutiny of spatio‐temporal trends in this region.

Based on a unique data set of 100 sequential high‐quality echo‐sounding surveys, various types of bedforms are identified, comprising large‐scale primary as well as superimposing secondary dunes that are assumed to interfere with each other. Temporal trends show a long‐term rise of the troughs of major bedforms and constant maximum crest elevations near the official maintenance depth, which matches the observed long‐term aggradation of sediments. The spatial distribution of integrated morphodynamic parameters reflects a previously described zone of primary dune convergence and facilitates the precise localization of this geophysical singularity. The presented findings both confirm the robustness of the proposed methodologies and, in return, enhance the understanding of morphological processes in the Outer Jade. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Blockchain and extreme learning machine based spectrum management in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Rajesh Babu C. , Amutha B.
Published: November 2020

In recent times, spectrum sensing and spectrum management become a crucial design issue in cognitive radio networks (CRN). To improve the spectrum utilization in CRN, the secondary users (SUs) will try to utilize the spectrum resource when it is unoccupied by the authorized primary users (PUs). At the same time, blockchain principle has been introduced to efficiently identify the legitimate SUs and allocate the spectrum resource as per the demand specified by the SUs. In this view, this article presents a new machine learning (ML) with blockchain‐based spectrum management technique in CRN. The proposed model undergoes three processes, namely spectrum sensing, blockchain‐based spectrum access, and malicious user (MU) identification. Initially, ML‐based extreme learning machine (ELM) technique is applied for spectrum sensing. Then, the presented blockchain approach provides secured spectrum allocation for SUs. Finally, the MUs are identified and to be blocked from accessing the available spectrum resource. An extensive simulation analysis is carried out to ensure the goodness of the proposed model. The obtained results indicated that the proposed model has offered better performance compared with other methods. The experimental outcome stated that under the presence of −20 dB SNR, the proposed method has attained a maximum detection rate of 0.68, whereas the KNN and OR rule methods have demonstrated a minimum detection rate of 0.58 and 0.5, respectively.
Implicitly coupled phase fraction equations for polydisperse flows
Authors: Keser Robert , Ceschin Alberto , Battistoni Michele , Im Hong G. , Jasak Hrvoje
Published: November 2020

This work presents the implementation, verification and the validation of an incompressible Eulerian multifluid model for polydisperse flows. The proposed model uses a novel monolithic, that is, implicitly coupled phase continuity equation for an arbitrary number of fluids, where the breakup source and sink terms are handled implicitly in the block‐system. The implemented model is tested for an upward bubbly flow inside a large vertical pipe. The selected flow conditions exhibit both breakup and coalescence. The grid refinement study is conducted on four structured grids with varying levels of refinement. In the validation section, the numerical results are compared to the TOPFLOW experimental measurements. The last presented test examines the performance of the novel implicitly coupled phase continuity equation to the corresponding segregated formulation and the standard segregated formulation. The performance is evaluated by comparing the conservation error over the nonlinear iterations. The presented model exhibits good agreement with the experimental measurements and gives stable results on various grids with different levels of refinement. Moreover, the implicit coupling reduces the conservation error during the calculation.
The protective effect of walnut oil on lipopolysaccharide–induced acute intestinal injury in mice
Authors: Miao Fujun , Shan Chunlan , Shah Syed Aftab Hussain , Akhtar Rana Waseem , Geng Shuxiang , Ning Delu , Wang Xuanjun
Published: November 2020

Walnut oil (WO) is widely used in traditional medicine, and it has become a dietary supplement in many countries. We isolated walnut oil from Juglans sigillata and evaluated its protective effects on acute intestinal injury, and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mice was studied. The results showed that the LPS + WO group significantly decreased serum tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐1β levels and increased the jejunum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) levels compared with the LPS group. Walnut oil ameliorated the pathological morphology of the LPS‐induced acute jejunum injury and decreased jejunum cells apoptosis rate and TLR4/NF‐κB protein expression. Furthermore, the expression of the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway key gene mRNA significantly reduced after treatment with walnut oil. This study concludes that walnut oil can exert the protective effect on LPS‐induced acute intestinal injury in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
The role of hippocampal theta oscillations in working memory impairment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Costers Lars , Van Schependom Jeroen , Laton Jorne , Baijot Johan , Sjøgård Martin , Wens Vincent , De Tiège Xavier , Goldman Serge , D'Haeseleer Miguel , D'hooghe Marie Beatrice , Woolrich Mark , Nagels Guy
Published: November 2020

Working memory (WM) problems are frequently present in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Even though hippocampal damage has been repeatedly shown to play an important role, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the neurophysiological underpinnings of WM impairment in MS using magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from a visual‐verbal 2‐back task. We analysed MEG recordings of 79 MS patients and 38 healthy subjects through event‐related fields and theta (4–8 Hz) and alpha (8–13 Hz) oscillatory processes. Data was source reconstructed and parcellated based on previous findings in the healthy subject sample. MS patients showed a smaller maximum theta power increase in the right hippocampus between 0 and 400 ms than healthy subjects (p = .014). This theta power increase value correlated negatively with reaction time on the task in MS (r = −.32, p = .029). Evidence was provided that this relationship could not be explained by a ‘common cause’ confounding relationship with MS‐related neuronal damage. This study provides the first neurophysiological evidence of the influence of hippocampal dysfunction on WM performance in MS.
Solid organ transplantation worsens the prognosis of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region—Comparison between solid organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients
Authors: Ritter Amit , Badir Samih , Mansour Muhammad , Segal Zvi , Ad‐El Dean , Bachar Gideon , Shpitzer Thomas , Popovtzer Aron , Mizrachi Aviram
Published: November 2020

Background

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CSCC‐HN) appears to behave more aggressively in immunosuppressed patients. We aimed to investigate this hypothesis by comparing solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) with CSCC‐HN to immunocompetent patients.

Methods

A retrospective comparative study was conducted for SOTR and immunocompetent patients who were treated for CSCC‐HN.

Results

A total of 177 SOTR and 157 immunocompetent patients with CSCC‐HN were included. Lymph node metastases were more common in the SOTR group (9% vs 3%), and distant metastases occurred only in SOTR (3% of patients). SOTR had a higher rate of recurrences (19% vs 10%), which were mostly regional (7%) and distant (3%). The 2‐year disease‐specific survival of SOTR was lower (93% vs 100%).

Conclusions

SOTR with CSCC‐HN has significantly worse outcomes compared to immunocompetent patients. Solid‐organ transplantation should be regarded as a negative prognostic factor in patients with CSCC‐HN.
Ambulatory thyroidectomy is safe and beneficial in papillary thyroid carcinoma: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Xia Fada , Wang Wenlong , Jiang Bo , Yao Lei , Huang Yun , Li Xinying
Published: November 2020

Background

Currently, no randomized controlled trial has been performed to investigate the safety profiles, economic benefit and mental health of ambulatory thyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods

Patients diagnosed with PTC were enrolled in this study and were randomly assigned to ambulatory group and control group. The safety profiles, economic benefit and mental health were investigated.

Results

Four hundred and eleven patients completed the study. There was no significant difference in demographic or tumor index. The incidence of complications was not significantly different (P = .631). The economic cost was significantly lower (P < .001) and hospitalization was significantly shorter (P < .001) in ambulatory group. No significant difference was shown in depression (P = .758) and stress disorder (P = .390). However, the ambulatory group showed a higher point of anxiety (P < .001).

Conclusion

The ambulatory thyroidectomy is safe in patients with PTC, with significant benefits of economic cost and hospitalization.
Not only gustatory sweating and flushing: Signs and symptoms associated to the Frey syndrome and the role of botulinum toxin A therapy
Authors: Marchese Maria Raffaella , Bussu Francesco , Settimi Stefano , Scarano Emanuele , Almadori Giovanni , Galli Jacopo
Published: November 2020

Background

The classic symptoms of Frey syndrome are gustatory sweating and flushing. Aims of the study were to describe prevalenceand severity of typical and atypical presentations of the disorder and to assess the effects of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) therapy in patients with Frey syndrome after parotidectomy.

Methods

In this prospective, observational study on 18 patients, we assessed symptom severity before therapy, after 15 days, 1, 3 and 6 months' follow‐up with the sweating‐flushing‐itch‐paresthesia‐pain (SFIPP) Frey scale specifically designed by the authors themselves for this study.

Results

Before BoNT‐A injection, all patients (100%) complained gustatory sweating, 80% paresthesia, 77% gustatory flushing, 60% pain and 60% gustatory itch. The SFIPP‐Frey overall score and the symptom‐specific ones decreased significantly at each post‐therapy control.

Conclusions

The prevalence of “unusual” manifestations is not negligible. BoNT‐A improves symptoms severity. The SFIPP‐Frey scale may be useful to assess symptoms and to monitor post‐therapy outcomes.
Effects of internal heat generation and Lorentz force on unsteady hybrid nanoliquid flow and heat transfer along a moving plate with nonuniform temperature
Authors: Vemula Rajesh , Kavitha M. , Sheremet Mikhail A.
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study

This study aims to explore the transient magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer thermal convective flow of a hybrid nanoliquid past a moving vertical plate under the influence of internal heat generation and variable surface temperature.

The research methodology

The problem is modeled by coupled nonlinear partial differential equations with relevant boundary conditions. Formulated control equations are worked out using the robust implicit finite‐difference technique. The current work is validated with existing literature for special cases of the problem. The impact of important characteristics on hydrodynamic and thermal patterns, accompanied by skin friction parameter and Nusselt number, is scrutinized graphically.

The major conclusion of the study

Impacts of MHD, inner thermal generation, and variable surface temperature on nanoliquid circulation and energy transport are studied. It has been found that velocity, temperature, and skin friction coefficient increase with the increase in the heat generation parameter, whereas the Nusselt number reduces with such parameter.

The significance of the study

Obtained results can be used in different engineering devices, including heat exchangers, solar collectors, and chemical reactors.
Predicting quantiles of water quality from catchment characteristics
Authors: Guo Danlu , Liu Shuci , Singh Dhananjay , Western Andrew W.
Published: November 2020

Water quality is often highly variable both in space and time, which poses challenges for modelling the more extreme concentrations. This study developed an alternative approach to predicting water quality quantiles at individual locations. We focused on river water quality data that were collected over 25 years, at 102 catchments across the State of Victoria, Australia. We analysed and modelled spatial patterns of the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of the concentrations of sediments, nutrients and salt, with six common constituents: total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate‐nitrite (NOx), and electrical conductivity (EC). To predict the spatial variation of each quantile for each constituent, we developed statistical regression models and exhaustively searched through 50 catchment characteristics to identify the best set of predictors for that quantile. The models predict the spatial variation in individual quantiles of TSS, TKN and EC well (66%–96% spatial variation explained), while those for TP, FRP and NOx have lower performance (37%–73% spatial variation explained). The most common factors that influence the spatial variations of the different constituents and quantiles are: annual temperature, percentage of cropping land area in catchment and channel slope. The statistical models developed can be used to predict how low‐ and high‐concentration quantiles change with landscape characteristics, and thus provide a useful tool for catchment managers to inform planning and policy making with changing climate and land use conditions.
The Interaction of Lean Body Mass With Fat Body Mass Is Associated With Vertebral Fracture Prevalence in Women With Early Breast Cancer Undergoing Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Monteverdi Sara , Pedersini Rebecca , Gallo Fabio , Maffezzoni Filippo , Dalla Volta Alberto , Di Mauro Pierluigi , Turla Antonella , Vassalli Lucia , Ardine Mara , Formenti Anna Maria , Simoncini Edda Lucia , Giustina Andrea , Maroldi Roberto , Amoroso Vito , Berruti Alfredo
Published: November 2020

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) induce depletion of estrogen levels, causing bone loss and increased fracture risk in women with breast cancer. High‐fat body mass (FBM) emerged as an independent factor associated with the prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) in patients undergoing AIs. We explored the role of lean body mass (LBM) and the interaction of LBM with FBM in predicting the occurrence of VFs in postmenopausal women who were either AI‐naïve or AI‐treated. A total of 684 consecutive breast cancer patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Each woman underwent a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, measuring bone mineral density (BMD), LBM, and FBM; VFs were assessed using a quantitative morphometric analysis of DXA images. After propensity score matching, the study population was restricted to 480 women, 240 AI‐naïve and 240 AI‐treated. We used multivariable logistic regression models to explore the associations between baseline characteristics, VF prevalence and the interaction between LBM, FBM and AI therapy. No interaction between LBM and AI therapy on VF prevalence was shown. Conversely, we reported a significant interaction between LBM, FBM and AI therapy (p = .0311). Among AI‐treated women having LBM below and FBM above or equal the median value, VF prevalence was numerically higher (15/31; 48.4%) than in other subgroups (VF prevalence: 35.7% in high‐LBM and low‐FBM group, 23.2% in high‐LBM and high‐FBM group, and 19.8% in low‐LBM and low‐FBM group). Among AI‐naïve women, the greatest VF proportion was observed in the subgroup with LBM and FBM below median value (25/92; 27.2%). This study suggests a synergism between LBM and FBM in predicting the morphometric VF in women with early breast cancer undergoing AIs. This observation is new and deserves further investigation. The assessment of body composition by DXA might be useful when estimating fracture risk in this population. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Positive effects of ultrasound‐guided peripheral IV insertion on pediatric sickle cell anemia/thalassemia patients receiving automated red cell exchange procedures or chronic transfusion therapy
Authors: Mahon Paula , Grouchy Kathy , McCartney Heather , Douglas Kate , Wu John K.
Published: November 2020

Background

Peripheral vascular access and venipuncture are major causes of distress and anxiety for children and their parents. This is especially difficult for patients with hemoglobinopathies (thalassemia major and sickle cell disease) who require chronic blood transfusions. These patients require peripheral venous access for regular blood transfusions and (in the case of sickle cell disease) for automated red cell exchange procedures. Peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters are much preferred to central venous lines as they carry far fewer risks. However, when patients experience multiple unsuccessful attempts to initiate a PIV, it can be traumatizing and cause anxiety for future visits. Establishing therapeutic trust and ensuring a smooth experience are of paramount importance for these chronic patients who require regular blood transfusions.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to determine whether ultrasound‐guided PIV insertion decreases PIV‐associated pain and anxiety, and whether the number of attempts and amount of time spent accessing PIVs in children with difficult peripheral intravenous (DPIV) access is reduced.

Materials and Methods

This was a pilot study with both retrospective and prospective components. Hemoglobinopathies are relatively rare in our population and our study cohort was small (N = 18).

Results

We identified four DPIV access patients. We recorded each time these patients had a PIV inserted as an encounter.

Discussion/Conclusion

We found that while there was a small amount of time gained by using ultrasound‐guided PIV insertion, patient and parent satisfaction was significantly improved.
Light‐triggered Janus nanomotor for targeting and photothermal lysis of pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Loukanov Alexandre
Published: November 2020

The rapid photothermal lysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 treated with light‐triggered Janus nanomotors was visualized by Hilbert differential contrast transmission electron microscopy (HDC‐TEM). The extraordinary advantage of this high‐resolution microscopic technique was that it revealed the detailed ultrastructure alterations of the treated cells at a state close to their native one. The micrographs demonstrated that Janus nanomotors (mesoporous silica nanoparticles with gold hemisphere and half‐capped with cysteamine) were able to target and bind to the pathogenic E. coli. The biorecognition reaction proceeded at slightly acid pH thankful to the formed electrostatic adhesion between positively charged amino groups on nanoparticles surface and the negatively charged cell envelope. The exposure of labeled cells to near infrared laser irradiation leaded to occurrence of effective photothermal damage of their plasma membranes, which was enough strong to lyse bacteria. It was because of the overheating obtained by the photon‐to‐thermal conversion reaction generated by the surface plasmon resonance response of Janus nanomotors. The good efficiency of photothermal lysis to inactivate E. coli O157:H7 was confirmed by staining with LIVE/DEAD viability kit and quantification of the few survived cells in epifluorescence microscope. Furthermore, HDC‐TEM images of ice‐embedded inhibited bacteria documented the labeling, membrane disruptions and lysis due to the designed operation of Janus nanomotors. The reported microscopic technique provides a novel strategy for developing of Janus nanomachines as promising platform for nondrug treatment and defeating of antibiotic‐resistant pathogenic microorganisms.
Fluorinated hydrazonoyl chlorides as precursors for synthesis of antimicrobial azoles
Authors: Al‐Hussain Sami A. , Alshehrei Fatimah , Zaki Magdi E. A. , Harras Marwa F. , Farghaly Thoraya A. , Muhammad Zeinab A.
Published: November 2020

Hydrazonoyl halides have been known for their ability to react with different reagents to afford wide range of bioactive heterocyclic systems as thiazoles and imidazopyrazoles. This research work focused on the synthesis of two new fluorinated hydrazonoyl chlorides and used them in synthesis of novel series of thiazole derivatives and two imidazopyrazole systems. The mechanistic pathways and the structures of all synthesized derivatives were discussed and assured based on the available spectral data. The results of antimicrobial activity of the tested thiazoles and imidazopyrazoles showed that some derivatives have moderate to no activity against tested fungi and bacteria strains. Only one derivative namely 2‐(2‐(3‐fluoro‐4‐methylphenyl)hydrazono)‐7‐(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)‐2,7‐dihydro‐3H‐imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrazole‐3,6(5H)‐dione is the most active against Candida albicans (CA) with IZD = 20 mm, which was equipotent to ketoconazole. Furthermore, docking simulation was carried out to predict the binding pattern of the new compounds in the ATP binding site of the DNA gyrase B enzyme. The results of the docking simulation revealed that compounds 9a‐e, 12, and 13a,b fit well in the ATP binding site of DNA gyrase B with docking score values ranging from −5.883 to −6.833 kcal/mol.
Retention in care and viral suppression in differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment delivery in sub‐Saharan Africa: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Long Lawrence , Kuchukhidze Salome , Pascoe Sophie , Nichols Brooke E , Fox Matthew P , Cele Refiloe , Govathson Caroline , Huber Amy N , Flynn David , Rosen Sydney
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Differentiated service delivery (DSD) models for antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV are being scaled up in the expectation that they will better meet the needs of patients, improve the quality and efficiency of treatment delivery and reduce costs while maintaining at least equivalent clinical outcomes. We reviewed the recent literature on DSD models to describe what is known about clinical outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a rapid systematic review of peer‐reviewed publications in PubMed, Embase and the Web of Science and major international conference abstracts that reported outcomes of DSD models for the provision of ART in sub‐Saharan Africa from January 1, 2016 to September 12, 2019. Sources reporting standard clinical HIV treatment metrics, primarily retention in care and viral load suppression, were reviewed and categorized by DSD model and source quality assessed.

Results and discussion

Twenty‐nine papers and abstracts describing 37 DSD models and reporting 52 discrete outcomes met search inclusion criteria. Of the 37 models, 7 (19%) were facility‐based individual models, 12 (32%) out‐of‐facility‐based individual models, 5 (14%) client‐led groups and 13 (35%) healthcare worker‐led groups. Retention was reported for 29 (78%) of the models and viral suppression for 22 (59%). Where a comparison with conventional care was provided, retention in most DSD models was within 5% of that for conventional care; where no comparison was provided, retention generally exceeded 80% (range 47% to 100%). For viral suppression, all those with a comparison to conventional care reported a small increase in suppression in the DSD model; reported suppression exceeded 90% (range 77% to 98%) in 11/21 models. Analysis was limited by the extensive heterogeneity of study designs, outcomes, models and populations. Most sources did not provide comparisons with conventional care, and metrics for assessing outcomes varied widely and were in many cases poorly defined.

Conclusions

Existing evidence on the clinical outcomes of DSD models for HIV treatment in sub‐Saharan Africa is limited in both quantity and quality but suggests that retention in care and viral suppression are roughly equivalent to those in conventional models of care.
Flow Volume Loop and Regional Ventilation Assessment Using Phase‐Resolved Functional Lung (PREFUL) MRI: Comparison With 129Xenon Ventilation MRI and Lung Function Testing
Authors: Kaireit Till F , Kern Agilo , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Pöhler Gesa H , Klimes Filip , Behrendt Lea , Gutberlet Marcel , Moher‐Alsady Tawfik , Dittrich Anna‐Maria , Wacker Frank , Hohlfeld Jens , Vogel‐Claussen Jens
Published: November 2020

Background

Regional flow volume loop ventilation‐weighted noncontrast‐enhanced proton lung MRI in free breathing has emerged as a novel technique for assessment of regional lung ventilation, but has yet not been validated with 129Xenon MRI (129Xe‐MRI), a direct visualization of ventilation in healthy volunteers, cystic fibrosis (CF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.

Purpose

To compare regional ventilation and regional flow volume loops measured by noncontrast‐enhanced ventilation‐weighted phase‐resolved functional lung MRI (PREFUL‐MRI) with 129Xe‐MRI ventilation imaging and with lung function test parameters.

Study Type

Retrospective study.

Population

Twenty patients with COPD, eight patients with CF, and six healthy volunteers.

Field Strength/Sequence

PREFUL and 129Xe‐MRI gradient echo sequences were acquired at 1.5T.

Assessment

Coronal slices of PREFUL‐MRI (free breathing) and 129Xe‐MRI (single breath‐hold) were acquired on the same day, matched by their ventrodorsal position and coregistered for evaluation. Ventilation defect percentage (VDP) was calculated based on regional ventilation (RV), regional flow volume loops (RFVL), or 129Xe‐MRI with two different threshold methods. A combined VDP was calculated for RV and RFVL. Additionally, lung function testing was performed (such as the forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]) was used.

Statistical Tests

The obtained parameters were compared using Wilcoxon tests, correlated using Spearman's correlation coefficient (r), and agreement between PREFUL and 129Xe‐MRI parameters was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis and Dice coefficients.

Results

VDP measured by PREFUL and 129Xe were significantly correlated with both thresholding techniques (r = 0.62–0.69, P < 0.05 for all) and with lung function test parameters. Combined RV and RFVL PREFUL defect maps correlated with lung function testing (eg, with FEV1 r = –0.87 P < 0.05), and showed better regional agreement to 129Xe‐MRI ventilation defects (Dice coefficient defect 0.413) with significantly higher VDP values (10.2 ± 27.3, P = 0.04) than either PREFUL defect map alone.

Data Conclusion

Combined RV and RFVL PREFUL defect maps likely increase sensitivity to mild airway obstruction with increased VDP values compared to 129Xe‐MRI, and correlate strongly with lung function test parameters.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
The clinically used serine protease inhibitor nafamostat reduces influenza virus replication and cytokine production in human airway epithelial cells and viral replication in mice
Authors: Yamaya Mutsuo , Shimotai Yoshitaka , Ohkawara Ayako , Bazarragchaa Enkhbold , Okamatsu Masatoshi , Sakoda Yoshihiro , Kida Hiroshi , Nishimura Hidekazu
Published: November 2020

The effects of the clinically used protease inhibitor nafamostat on influenza virus replication have not been well studied. Primary human tracheal (HTE) and nasal (HNE) epithelial cells were pretreated with nafamostat and infected with the 2009 pandemic [A/Sendai‐H/108/2009/(H1N1) pdm09] or seasonal [A/New York/55/2004(H3N2)] influenza virus. Pretreatment with nafamostat reduced the titers of the pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α, in the supernatants of the cells infected with the pandemic influenza virus. HTE and HNE cells exhibited mRNA and/or protein expression of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), TMPRSS4, and TMPRSS11D. Pretreatment with nafamostat reduced cleavage of the precursor protein HA0 of the pandemic influenza virus into subunit HA1 in HTE cells and reduced the number of acidic endosomes in HTE and HNE cells where influenza virus RNA enters the cytoplasm. Additionally, nafamostat (30 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal administration) reduced the levels of the pandemic influenza virus [A/Hyogo/YS/2011 (H1N1) pdm09] in mouse lung washes. These findings suggest that nafamostat may inhibit influenza virus replication in human airway epithelial cells and mouse lungs and reduce infection‐induced airway inflammation by modulating cytokine production.
A cross‐level model of shared leadership, meaning, and individual creativity
Authors: Liang Bingqian , van Knippenberg Daan , Gu Qinxuan
Published: November 2020

Research on leadership and creativity is dominated by the study of leadership from people in formal leadership positions. The very nature of creativity requires self‐direction, however. This points to shared leadership, a process in which members dynamically share the leadership role, as a particularly relevant influence to consider. Drawing on psychological empowerment theory, we develop the shared leadership perspective on individual creativity. We argue that shared leadership has a cross‐level influence on individual creativity that is mediated by the experience of meaning of work and moderated by individual differences in power distance value: for individuals lower on power distance, shared leadership has a positive linear relationship with individual creativity; for individuals higher on power distance, shared leadership has a curvilinear relationship with individual creativity that is decreasingly positive. Using a sample of 623 members from 95 teams in 34 Chinese organizations, we find support for this multilevel model. Findings offer theoretical implications for shared leadership and creativity research and provide managerial implications.
Texture analysis in the classification of T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images in persons with and without low back pain
Authors: Abdollah Vahid , Parent Eric C. , Dolatabadi Samin , Marr Erica , Croutze Roger , Wachowicz Keith , Kawchuk Greg
Published: November 2020

Magnetic resonance imaging findings often do not distinguish between people with and without low back pain (LBP). However, there are still a large number of people who undergo magnetic resonance imaging to help determine the etiology of their back pain. Texture analysis shows promise for the classification of tissues that look similar, and machine learning can minimize the number of comparisons. This study aimed to determine if texture features from lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging differ between people with and without LBP. In total, 14 participants with chronic LBP were matched for age, weight, and gender with 14 healthy volunteers. A custom texture analysis software was used to construct a gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix with one to four pixels offset in 0° direction for the disc and superior and inferior endplate regions. The Random Forests Algorithm was used to select the most promising classifiers. The linear mixed‐effect model analysis was used to compare groups (pain vs. pain‐free) at each level controlling for age. The Random Forest Algorithm recommended focusing on intervertebral discs and endplate zones at L4‐5 and L5‐S1. Differences were observed between groups for L5‐S1 superior endplate contrast, homogeneity, and energy (p = .02). Differences were observed for L5‐S1 disc contrast and homogeneity (p < .01), as well as for the inferior endplates contrast, homogeneity, and energy (p < .03). Magnetic resonance imaging textural features may have potential in identifying structures that may be the target of further investigations about the reasons for LBP.
Enantioseparation of 2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)succinic acid by countercurrent chromatography and investigation of injection volume on resolution
Authors: Jin Yang , Bao Honglei , Sun Wenyu , Sun Hengmian , Zhao Shanshan , Wang Xiang , Tong Shengqiang
Published: November 2020

2‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)succinic acid was successfully enantioseparated by countercurrent chromatography using hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector. A two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐hexane‐ethyl acetate‐0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer with pH 2.65 (5:5:10, v/v) was selected. Enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction was used to optimize the enantioseparation conditions. Meanwhile, the influence of injection volume on resolution in countercurrent chromatography was investigated and a linear relationship between the inflection point of injection volume and sample loading was tentatively obtained. The peak resolution will decrease significantly when the injection volume over the inflection point was used. In addition, it could be found that the smaller amount of sample loading, the larger impact of injection volume on resolution could be observed, which might serve as a good reference for the selection of sample volume in enantioseparations by countercurrent chromatography. Under optimized conditions, 20 mg of 2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)succinic acid racemate dissolved in 10 mL of aqueous phase was successfully enantioseparated by countercurrent chromatography. The recovery for both of the enantiomer of (±)‐2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)succinic acid reached within 70–75% with a purity of 99.0%.
Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green in Thyroid Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Barbieri Diego , Indelicato Pietro , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Di Marco Federico , Formenti Anna Maria , Trimarchi Matteo , Bussi Mario
Published: November 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

To estimate the impact of optical techniques on prevention of post‐operative hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy.

Study Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

A literature search was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases. The main inclusion criteria for eligible articles for meta‐analysis were patients with benign or malignant thyroid pathologies who underwent total thyroidectomy, utilization of optical techniques to support PGs preservation, the availability of calcium and/or PTH levels. The primary outcome was to evaluate the variation of calcium and PTH levels when adopting optical technologies compared to standard naked‐eye surgery.

Results

In total, 13 papers with 1484 procedures were included. Pooled proportion for short‐ and medium‐term hypocalcemia rates were 8% (95% CI, 5%:11%) and 1% (95% CI, 0%:4%) for optical techniques, while for naked‐eye surgery were 15% (95% CI, 9%:23%) and 5% (95% CI, 2%:9%), respectively.

Conclusions

Optical technologies reduced short and medium term hypocalcemia compared to conventional surgery.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 131:1683–1692, 2021