bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation «Laser intraocular and refractive surgery». section «Pediatric ophthalmology»
Authors: Shefer Kristina K. , Boiko Ernest V. , Saidasheva Elvira I.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to reviewing the problems that were discussed in the section Pediatric ophthalmology, organized for the first time within the Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation in Laser intraocular and refractive surgery. The conference was held on December 1011, 2021 in St. Petersburg and organized by the St. Petersburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution with the support of the Society of Ophthalmologists of Russia and North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. In the pediatric section, 11 reports were made by leading Russian and foreign experts, and the topics were mainly related to the use of laser technologies in ophthalmopediatric practice. The discussion focused on the issues of diagnosis and laser treatment of premature retinopathy and other retinal diseases, modern approaches and results of surgical and contact correction of ametropias (keratoconus, hypermetropia, and progressive myopia) in childhood, and clinical cases of the effectiveness of complex treatment of bilateral retinoblastoma. In conclusion, an overview of new portable technologies for visualization of the state of anterior and posterior eye parts was presented, which is especially important for pediatric ophthalmologists.
А case of combination of dacryocystocele with a nasolacrymal cyst in infant child
Authors: Prisich Natalia V. , Brzheskiy Vladimir V. , Verezgov Vyacheslav A. , Pavlov Pavel V. , Efimova Elena L. , Sadovnikova Natalya N.
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: Dacryocystocele (hydrops of the lacrimal sac) is a rare variant of a congenital pathology caused by the obstruction of proximal and distal lacrimal ducts, followed by progressive distension of the lacrimal sac [1]. Given the accumulation of abundant contents in the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct, the membrane that closes their outlet under the inferior turbinate can be stretched, and the prominence of such a membrane into the inferior nasal passage is in the form of the so-called nasolacrimal cyst [3].
Description of the clinical case. A 1.5-month-old girl was hospitalized in the ophthalmology department of the University. Below are the history data. At the 30th week of pregnancy, the fetus had a bilateral space-occupying lesion in the area of the inner canthus of the eye. At birth, the child had a dense swelling in the region of the left lacrimal sac but without discharge. From birth, he had difficulty in nasal breathing.
RESULTS: According to the results of multislice computed tomography of the lacrimal ducts with contrast (Ultravist), cavity formations were found under the inferior turbinate on both sides with a contrast level. At the age of two months, the child, accompanied by an otolaryngologist, underwent surgery for the removal of nasolacrimal cysts on both sides and reconstruction of the lacrimal ducts and their intubation with a silicone thread on the left. After surgical treatment, the outflow of tears and nasal breathing were restored, and no signs of dacryocystocele were detected. The silicone thread was removed after 1 month, and no tear production was observed.
DISCUSSION: Treatment of children with dacryocystocele involves the simultaneous reconstruction of lacrimal ducts by an ophthalmologist and excision of the nasolacrimal cyst by an otolaryngologist.
CONCLUSION: When examining a child with dacryocystocele, the possible presence of a nasolacrimal cyst should be considered. The interaction of an ophthalmologist and an otolaryngologist at all stages of the treatment and diagnostic process enables the prevention of disease complications and unnecessary surgical procedures.
Characteristics of antibody production to individual cytomegalovirus proteins in children with keratitis and uveitis
Authors: Krichevskaya Galina I. , Katargina Lyudmila A. , Alatortseva Galina I. , Dotsenko Vera V. , Nesterenko Lyubov N.
Published: May 2022

The clinical diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) eye pathology in children needs laboratory confirmation. The disadvantages of determining antibodies to CMV in serum in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) include the presence of false positive and false negative results.
AIM: To determine the features of the synthesis of antibodies to the proteins of the tegument pp65, pp150, pp28 and the DNA-binding protein pp52 of cytomegalovirus, as well as to compare the diagnostic effectiveness of two laboratory methods of serodiagnostics of CMVI in children with uveitis and keratitis of different genesis: enzyme immunoassay and linear immunolysis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 30 children (age 516 years) with uveitis (n=14) and keratitis (n=16) were included in the study. The IgM and IgG antibodies to the immediate early (IE) and late antigens of the virus (serological markers of primary, chronic, and reactivation of chronic infection) were determined in the ELISA. The IgG antibodies to individual recombinant CMV antigens containing only immunodominant protein fragments of viral antigens were studied in the line immunoassay (LIA): the main nonstructural IE protein, DNA-binding phosphoprotein p52, and phosphoproteins of the tegument p150, p65, and p28. The results of LIA were evaluated visually.
RESULTS: CMV infection (CMVI) in children with uveitis in ELISA was almost 2 times higher than that with keratitis (10/14%71% vs. 6/16%37.5%, p 0.05). Of the four positive results for detection of antibodies to IE antigen in ELISA, one was confirmed in LIA. In general, the discrepancy between the results of the determination of IgG antibodies to IE antigen in ELISA and LIA was noted in 13% of serum samples. LIA showed the increased frequency (p 0.05) and intensity (p 0.05) of antibody formation to viral antigens p65 and p52 in uveitis compared with keratitis, which confirmed the important role of CMVI in the pathogenesis of uveitis.
CONCLUSION: Both methods revealed a higher level of CMVI in children with uveitis than those with keratitis. IgG antibodies to IE-antigen serological markers of the reactivation of chronic CMVI have clinical importance because they serve as the basis for the appointment of antiviral therapy. Discrepancies between the results of ELISA and LIA in the detection of antibodies to IE antigen indicate the expediency of confirming the results of ELISA in LIA.
Thus, laboratory examination of sera in ELISA with subsequent analysis of antibodies to individual recombinant CMV antigens in LIA is an effective, highly sensitive, and highly specific method to verify CMVI and determine its activity. The most informative action is the determination of IgG antibodies to recombinant CMV antigens: IE antigens, p65, and p52.
Еlectronic video magnifiers as a low-vision aid for patients with Stargardt disease
Authors: Baibarin Kirill A. , Katargina Lyudmila A.
Published: May 2022

Electronic video magnifiers outperform optical systems in terms of convenience and image quality. However, visually impaired patients and ophthalmologists in Russian Federation mostly lack knowledge of these useful technical rehabilitation devises. As shown by a survey of patients (n=141) with inherited retinal dystrophy, conducted by the public organization Look To See! 13% of patients use video magnifiers for writing, and 25% are satisfied with their devices. This article compensates for the gap in knowledge about electronic video magnifiers.
Video magnifiers come in three main types: handheld, desktop, and portable. Wearable video magnifiers are the recent addition to these types. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, which determine their main functionality. Handheld video magnifiers are suitable for reading, desktop ones are used to equip a workplace; portable ones are ideal for schoolchildren because they can be used in reading and writing and easily carried to classes. Wearable video magnifiers are a promising class, but a well-established view on their use is still lacking.
Ophthalmologists must have not only knowledge about the technical component but also the mechanism of operation of video magnifiers and how to draw up the necessary documents for their acquisition after establishing a disability and for their legitimate use in a general education school.
Role of visual illusions in the assessment of digital color images of aggressive posterior retinopathy of premature
Authors: Fomina Natalya V. , Saidasheva Elvira I. , Boiko Ernest V. , Goravskaya Elena G.
Published: May 2022

AIM: To estimate the role of visual illusions in the diagnosis of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) using a pediatric retinal camera.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of images of the fundus structures obtained using a pediatric retinal camera was carried out in 31 children diagnosed with APROP. The children were treated at St. Petersburgs Childrens Hospital N17 of St. Nicholas from January 2011 to December 2018. Based on the analysis of digital colored images of the fundus, the diagnosis of ARN was confirmed in 18 children (58%), and in the remaining 42% of cases (13 children), the diagnosis was revised from APROP to classic ROP (stage 3, with signs of plus disease, zones I or II). Preterm infants with classic ROP were excluded from the study group.
RESULTS: A total of 14 out of 18 (78%) children with APROP were initially diagnosed with manifestations of classical ROP. Analysis of colored images obtained with a retinal camera showed that all of them manifested Machs bands, which created the effect of a demarcation line or a demarcation ridge at the border of light and dark areas. Although they were manifestations of APROP, these illusions were the reason for the diagnosis of classical ROP along with the designation of stages. The effect of Mach band illusion was neutralized by the study of colored photographs on the monitor screen under high magnification.
CONCLUSION: Visual illusions create difficulties in the timely diagnosis of APROP during the investigation with a retinal camera. They may influence the treatment of patients and lead to poor outcomes of this most severe form of ROP, including the development of retinal detachment and visual impairment in children.
Extracranial carotid artery wall abnormalities in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Nunavath Akhilesh Kumar , Manorenj Sandhya , Jawalkar Srikant
Published: May 2022

Background: Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality worldwide. Large artery extracranial atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of ischemic stroke. The present study laid emphasizes on causal relationship between the carotid wall abnormalities and occurrence of ischemic stroke. The aim and objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of carotid artery wall abnormalities in acute ischemic stroke patients and assessment of association between carotid wall abnormalities and vascular risk factors.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in department of neurology for a period of two years. Cases with acute ischemic stroke were included in the study. Carotid Intima media thickness (CIMT) was measured using carotid duplex ultrasound scanning at the level of carotid bifurcation.Results: CIMT findings was abnormal in 87% of cases where the thickness was ≥0.8 mm. 38% of patients with Ischemic stroke had CIMT ≥1.2 mm. Mean CIMT was highest in patients with sedentary life style (CIMT-1.18 mm) and the differences were significant when compared to non-sedentary life style group. CIMT values were higher in patients with age 61-80 years (CIMT: 2.1 mm); with multiple vascular risks like diabetes and hypertension (CIMT: 1.16 mm); with diabetes mellitus alone (CIMT: 1.14 mm) and hypertension alone (CIMT-1.13 mm) respectively.Conclusions: Highest mean CIMT value were observed in older adults with age range of 61 to 80 years. Individuals with sedentary life style habits and multiple vascular risk factors had higher mean CIMT value. Early identification of abnormal CIMT value combined with appropriate treatment can prevent stroke in future.
Pathological features in perinatal autopsy and its relation with clinical and antenatal sonography findings
Authors: P. Aswathy , Pothen Lillykutty , Thambi Renu , S. Sankar
Published: May 2022

Background: Perinatal mortality is considered as a yardstick of obstetric and maternal care before and around the time of death. Perinatal autopsy is an inevitable procedure which helps to ascertain the cause of death, identify rare diseases, supplements clinical diagnosis and provide risk estimates for future pregnancies. The aim of the study was to describe the pathological features in perinatal autopsy specimens and to compare the pathological features with clinical and antenatal sonography findings.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 43 perinatal autopsy cases. A thorough perinatal autopsy was done. Detailed maternal medical and obstetric history including the laboratory and USG findings were collected. Collected data analysed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software. Results: The results were grouped into fetal, maternal and placental findings. Congenital anomalies were detected in 20% cases. That included gastrochisis, ebstein anomaly, isolated dextrocardia, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, cleft lip and palate, prune belly syndrome, club foot. Placenta findings observed were chorioamnionitis, placental thrombotic vasculopathy and placental findings in COVID-19 positive cases. The most common maternal comorbidity was hypertension (20.9%). Perinatal mortality was high in those cases with past history of abortions and history of infertility treatment. Full agreement between perinatal autopsy and antenatal USG findings was detected in 36.36% cases. Additional anomalies detected on autopsy was 54.54%.Conclusions: A thorough clinical history, prenatal ultrasonography and perinatal autopsy features could be described in detail in all the cases. Comparison of finding at autopsy with antenatal ultrasonography finding indicate that ultrasonography finding have only a reasonable value in assessing fetal status. Advanced radiology techniques could be maximum helpful.
Effect of Moringa oleifera soup on primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls
Authors: Pachiappan Sudhakar , Saravanan Poorana Pushkalai , Mani Janapriya , Chidambaram Jayapriya , Madeshwaran Mahalakshmi , Vetriselvan Oviya
Published: May 2022

Background: Dysmenorrhea causes a substantial burden on the quality of life of female adolescents. The prevalence estimates range from 25 to 90%. Hence this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera (MO) soup on primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls.Methods: This interventional clinical study was conducted on 111 adolescent college-going girls. Age, anthropometric data (height, weight), age of menarche, presence and absence of primary dysmenorrhea (PD), menses irregularities and other associated symptoms were collected primarily through the prepared standard questioners. Based on the collected data, 40 primary dysmenorrheal participants were selected and further, the information was collected regarding primary dysmenorrhea associated symptoms like back pain, abdominal pain, headaches, leg cramps, painful/tender breasts, acne, tiredness, anger, mood swing, insomnia, altered appetite, nausea/vomiting or diarrhea. The hemoglobin and red blood count were evaluated in the PD participants. Both the hematological and dysmenorrhea-associated parameters were assessed before and after treatment of MO leaf soup.Results: Our study results showed that the prevalence of dysmenorrhea is 36%. Dysmenorrhea participants had the most frequent (every month), painful, irregular and longer length of the menstrual cycle. The dysmenorrheal pain was most frequent, shorten, moderately intense and the higher percentage in the lower abdomen, lower side and pain at a different locations. Dysmenorrhea-associated illnesses like tiredness, abdominal pain, back pain, anger and irritability, leg cramps, and mood swings were higher in participants with dysmenorrhea. After administration of MO leaf soup significantly improves the hemoglobin and RBC levels in PD participants. Also, improve the menstrual as well as pain-associated symptoms of PD.Conclusions: In conclusion intake of MO soup effectively improves the primary dysmenorrhea associated menstrual as well pain as symptoms and corrects the anemia condition by increasing the hemoglobin and RBC levels in adolescent girls with dysmenorrhea.
A study on clinical profile of patients with ulcerative colitis and association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio with disease severity
Authors: Dhotra Arun , Shaikh Kani , A. Anand , A. R. Akilandeshawari , N. Arun
Published: May 2022

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an immune mediated chronic inflammatory condition. Systemic inflammatory conditions like UC are associated with increased WBC count and inflammatory markers. A growing body of evidence suggested that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a useful bio-maker of systemic inflammatory response.Methods: An observational study was carried out at department of digestive health and diseases, government Kilpauk medical college, Chennai, from October 2020 to September 2021. All the patients diagnosed as UC were included. Age and sex matched controls were included. Clinical details and colonoscopic findings and laboratory values including WBC, ESR, NLR were noted and analyzed.Results: A total of 70 patients of UC came during this period. The 32 patients had active UC and 38 patients had inactive UC. 40 age and sex matched controls were included. Mean age of the patients with UC was 40.76±9.81 years. Out of UC cases, 58.57% were females. Maximum patients presented with bloody diarrhoea (88.57%) and left sided colitis was more common (41.43%). On analyzing laboratory values, the NLR values of active UC group were significantly elevated compared with those of the patients with inactive UC and controls (2.84±0.66, 2.05±0.21 and 1.60±0.25 respectively) p<0.001.Conclusions: UC is an inflammatory condition with bloody diarrhoea as the primary presenting symptom. NLR was significantly elevated in patients with active disease. NLR is a useful biomarker of systemic inflammatory response and it maybe a promising marker of disease severity in UC.
A case report on Duchene muscular dystrophy in an Indian family
Authors: Kishor Saurabh , Verma Vivek Kumar
Published: May 2022

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is commonest X-linked syndrome muscular dystrophy in the children, present in early childhood and characterized by the proximal muscle weakness and the calf hypertrophy in exaggerated boys. There is generally delay in the motor development and ultimately wheelchair confinement leading to premature death from cardiac or the respiratory complications. For treatment we use various modalities like corticosteroid therapy. We also used intermittent positive pressure ventilation that could help in developments in function, quality of life, ambulation and life expectancy though novel therapies still focus to provide the cure for this disease. Clinically, it is categorized by the progressive muscle wasting ultimately leading to the premature death. Here we presented a case of Duchene muscular dystrophy in a 13 year old boy with clinical presentation.
Diverse immunopathological manifestations and immunogenomic predispositions in COVID-19: summarizing the evidence
Authors: Deb Shramana , Mondal Ritwick , Lahiri Durjoy , Ganguly Upasana , Shome Gourav
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused immense damage to most nations of the world, both in terms of loss of human lives, as well as, socio-economic attributes. The immunopathogenesis of the responsible pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, has been a focal point and researchers have succeeded in deciphering the multi-organ tropism of the virus along with its different routes of infection. The hallmark feature of the SARS-CoV-2 disease pathogenesis is the high rates of transmission and the susceptibility of a vulnerable group with systemic co-morbidities. Also, genetic components of the host, as well as mutant variants of the virus have further complicated the development of appropriate treatment strategies and preventive measures. The virus is aptly able to modulate the host immune system and mediate immune-dysregulation in terms of cytokine or chemokine production leading to a heightened inflammatory response. In the current review, we have summarized the present research on SARS-CoV-2 from the angles of host genetic polymorphism, genetic variants of the virus, and how these affect the high transmission, disease susceptibility, and tissue tropism in multiple organs of the human body.
Ashwagandha: as an immunomodulator, an adaptogen and Rasayana in the pandemic of COVID-19
Authors: Kalne Poonam , Kalne Pooja S.
Published: May 2022

We have all been suffering from the pandemic COVID-19 since December 2019. This SARS COV 2 virus introduces us to terms like lockdown, quarantine and sanitation. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS COV2) erupted in Wuhan, China, causing life-threatening coronavirus disease (COVID-19) all over the world. It becomes a global health problem as it affects the normal life of all human beings. The pandemic infects more than 11.6 million people all over the world and resulted in the deaths of more than 540,000 people all over the world. So, everyone is in search of an effective and potential drug and vaccine to contest COVID-19. Our first duty is to boost our immunity and adopt proper prevention measures. Because of properties like enhancing immunity, several kinds of traditional herbs or home medicines are recommended in COVID-19. Ashwagandha is one of them that functions as an immunomodulator, an adaptogen and Rasayana. It has a history of 5000 years ago in ayurveda. Ashwagandha has all the properties of an immunomodulator (as it contains alkaloids and steroidal lactones), an adaptogen (to increase the resistance of organisms against different types of stressors) and Rasayana-(a rejuvenating drug). The drug in powdered form and tablet form is useful not only as a preventive drug but to treat mild to moderate COVID +ve patients. Thus, the aim of reviewing this article is that ashwagandha could be an effective and stronger immune booster, adaptogen and Rasyana in treating and preventing COVID-19.
Health care waste management in health facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana
Authors: Amfo-Otu Richard , Akyeampong Enoch , Affordofe Michael , Bannor Philip A. , Alhassan Yakubu , Danso Doreen , Tengey Senam , Quansah Reginald , Akpabey Joana , Obeng Lawrence , Ayesu Franklin O. , Badu Agyemang , Kwanin Bernard A.
Published: May 2022

Background: Healthcare waste management (HCWM) system in healthcare facilities is essential in dealing with the spread of infectious diseases, especially during an outbreak period such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The study assessed health care waste management situation in selected healthcare facilities in the greater Accra and Ashanti regions of Ghana during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This was a multi-facility-based cross-sectional study that used a monitoring tool of the health facilities regulatory agency of Ghana to collect information on health care waste management practices at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was gathered from 501 healthcare facilities in the greater Accra (335) and Ashanti (151) regions. Descriptive, Chi-square and multiple logistic regression were performed. All statistical analyses were considered significant at an alpha level of 0.05.Results: Less than half (45.7%) of the health facilities were assessed as having HCWM systems with majority (54.3%) having effective infectious waste management system. The health facilities in the greater Accra region (38.8%) and Ashanti region (60.9%) were categorized as poor on healthcare waste management system. The assessment levels of governance/leadership, management, quality assurance system, human resource, infection prevention and control equipment and water management were all significantly associated with the adherence to good HCWM systems.Conclusions: Health facilities were assessed as having good healthcare waste management systems, especially in the greater Accra region compared to the Ashanti, however treatment and safe disposal should be improved.
Awareness and preparedness for disasters amongst residents in dry, hilly, and delta regions of Myanmar
Authors: Soe Pa Pa , Hlaing Thein , Hnin Zar Lwin
Published: May 2022

Background: Because of Myanmar's location, many residents are in disaster risk zones. This study aimed to explore the disaster-related awareness and preparedness of the residents from the dry, hilly, and delta regions.Methods: This research was a survey design, a cross-sectional approach, and used a survey questionnaire. By applying the RCDP clusters and hazard profile, 13 (19%) villages from hilly, 100 (53%) villages from dry, and 27 (28%) villages from the delta region were proportionately and randomly selected. From which,1800 household heads were randomly culled. The data collected through the face-to-face interview were entered into EpiData and analyzed in STATA 15.Results: All samples of residents were composed of 6.7% from hilly, 76.5% from dry, and 16.8% from the delta region. residents of 72.4% and 71.5% (dry region), 54.3% and 53.4% (hilly region), and 88.6% and 87.6% (delta region) were aware of the types and associated risks of the common disasters, respectively. Regarding disaster preparedness, approximately one-third have prepared for evacuation, emergency response, disaster kits, safe areas (shelter), reconstruction/rehabilitation, about one-fifth for emergency response operations, risk assessment, and risk reduction planning, and less than 10% for capacity building, awareness-raising, and information management. More than 50% have planned for preparedness after returning homes. Overall, good awareness and preparedness proportions were 38.2% and 13.9%.Conclusions: Overall, the three regions' disaster awareness and preparedness levels were unsatisfactory, which highlights that National natural disaster management committee should effectively apply the information media, provide training/advocacies and support safe community initiatives.
Stable rates of diabetic ketoacidosis at the initial episode of type 1 diabetes mellitus are associated with a shift towards younger age at diagnosis: 8 years’ experience of a large Portuguese centre
Authors: Caetano Francisco Branco , Lança Ana , Rodrigues Cláudia , Garcia Ana M. , Bota Sofia , Diamantino Catarina , Fitas Ana L. , Galhardo Júlia , Pina Rosa , Lopes Lurdes , Limbert Catarina
Published: May 2022

Background: The rate of diabetic ketoacidosis in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus depends on multiple factors and is very heterogeneous between countries. An inverse relationship between the incidences of T1D and DKA seems to exist. Moreover, DKA is reported to be more common in children under 5 years old. Current data on Portuguese pediatric DKA incidence in new-onset T1D is limited. We aimed to determine the rate of DKA incidence in this population, as well as risk and protective factors.Methods: Review of data from children aged 18 years or younger with new onset T1D, referred to a pediatric endocrinology unit between January 1st, 2013 and December 31th, 2020 (8 years).Results: 276 patients were included with a median age of 9.6 years-old (0.5-17.9 years): 15,6% aged between 2 and 5 years-old and 3,6% under two years. A mean incidence of 34,5 new cases per year was observed, with an upward trend. One hundred and five (38%) presented with DKA, which was considered severe in 9,4%; 50 patients (18,1%) presented only with hyperglycemia. Non-DKA at presentation was associated with family history of T1D (p=0.016). DKA at presentation was more frequent in the age group under 2 years old (p=0.005).Conclusions: DKA’s frequency at new onset T1D is still high, although only a small proportion of cases was considered severe. A family history of T1D correlated with a non-DKA presentation, while an age under 2 years presented as a risk factor for DKA.
Factors associated with home delivery and outcomes: a case study of homesteads in Kapoeta North County, South Sudan
Authors: Matueny Ramzy Muorwel , Suleiman Mbaruk Abdulla , Juma Joseph N.
Published: May 2022

Background: Delivering infants in homesteads is still considered the norm in many parts of the world. However, the practice is fraught with health risks for both pregnant women and newborns. Kapoeta North County in the eastern part of South Sudan is known to have high levels of maternal and infant deaths with an estimated 97.8% of women delivering outside health facilities.  This study investigated demographic, socio-economic, and health system factors associated with home deliveries in Kapoeta North County, South Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical research design was used. A sample of 400 women of reproductive age who had delivered in the past six months were interviewed. Cluster, stratified and simple random sampling were used to identify the study areas and to select study respondents. Quantitative and qualitative techniques of data collection were employed.Results: Homestead delivery was found to be high, 272 (68%) women of reproductive age delivered at home. Being educated (OR=9.93, 95% CI: 2.56-38.47), distance to the health facility (OR=10.87, 95% CI: 0.04-0.20), gender of the birth attendant (OR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.25-5.45) and availability of the amenities (OR=1.83, 95% CI: 0.86-3.90) were significantly associated with home delivery.  Conclusions: The study concluded that homestead delivery at Kapoeta North County of South Sudan is high at 68%. There is a need for expansion of the health infrastructure, financial empowerment of the vulnerable women, and improved awareness through social media about the consequences of delivering at home.
Caesarean section a better pathway to safe motherhood: perception of adults in Ekiti state, South Western Nigeria
Authors: Babalola Serifat Asabi
Published: May 2022

Background: Caesarean section also known as C-section (CS), is a surgical procedure in which incisions are made through a mother’s abdomen (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterotomy) to deliver one or more babies. In developing countries such as Nigeria, the incidence of CS is below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended rate of 10-15%. This has been attributed to several factors impeding the acceptance and attitude of adults to CS, subsequently leading to increasing rates of maternal mortality in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to assess the acceptance and attitude of CS among adults in Ekiti state, South western, Nigeria.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study design. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi structured, interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 25.Results: About half of the respondents, (50.3%) had a positive attitude towards CS while 49.7% had a negative attitude towards CS, 69% were willing to accept CS if necessary while about 31% wouldn’t accept CS no matter the indication.Conclusions: This study showed that though a good number of respondents had positive attitude towards CS, however, a few numbers of respondents were unyielding to accept CS no matter the circumstances.
The data analysis and validation engine: an application of artificial intelligence in the improvement of COVID-19 data management
Authors: Owhonda Golden , Luke Anwuri , Inyele Japheth Russell , Eze-Emiri Chidinma
Published: May 2022

Background: The proper management of healthcare data is fundamental to the health system processes; artificial intelligence has proven its value in these processes. Artificial intelligence can simplify the management of information, improve data security, and automate data flow. It is also useful in the analysis and interpretation of big data. Hence, it has the possibility of screening and diagnosing diseases, categorizing disease severity, detecting therapeutic agents, and forecasting outbreak spots.Methods: A data analysis and validation engine was developed to perform data quality control checks, classify addresses, and generate epidemiology numbers using the index and parse command on the command-line interface of DAVE.Results: DAVE correctly formatted data and created a local copy of the datastore and the index. It also returned previous EPID numbers to each entry and assigned a new EPID number to missed entries. DAVE imported the entries into the data template of the existing data management tool and generated a sample manifest that is then sent to the Laboratory. The data flow from the point of collection to storage and reporting was assessed as 100% accurate without errors and in real-time; there was also the ability to roll back if any error occurred.Conclusions: DAVE is a semi-autonomous system that operates with minimal human intervention; it is automatically faster as it leverages computing power to parse, store, and retrieve data while practically eliminating the need for manual data quality assessment. The DAVE functionality can be extended to incorporate additional features like forecasting outbreaks of emerging/re-emerging diseases, categorizing the severity of diseases and analysis of data in our setting.
Pre and post operative physiotherapy in foot and ankle surgery: role, impact, and importance
Authors: Al-Ahmari Khalid A.
Published: May 2022

Background: The foot and ankle injuries require surgery to be fixed. The success of surgeries, in this case, is associated with appropriate physiotherapy before and after the surgery. The education, skills, capabilities, and expertise that physiotherapists possess are extremely beneficial to injuries to maximize their success. The expertise and competency of physiotherapists enable them to design functional rehabilitation regimens for these patients. The main objective of the study is to investigate the role, impact, and significance of pre- and post-operative physiotherapy in foot and ankle surgery.Methods: The current cross-sectional, and descriptive study conducted to 120 (n=120) patients with foot and/or ankle surgery before and after the physiotherapy between September 2019 to February 2022, from five hospitals, King Fahad General Hospital (KFHJ) in Jeddah, King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) in Makkah, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital (KFAFH) in Jeddah, International Medical Center Hospital (IMC) in Jeddah, and Al-Noor Hospital in Makkah. The descriptive survey data was collected depended on questionnaire reports based on patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) physical function and pain interference scales.Results: The results found the pain was interfered with patient daily activities (70.5%) and where unable to concentrate (69.8%), while 68.8% of them were unable to enjoy life. The results clearly indicated that most of the patients are unable to walk at normal speed (66.7%). Additionally, a considerable number of the patients had problems hiking or moving smoothly (60.8%).Conclusions: The average data suggests that improvement in physical performance and discomfort plateaus at around 4 months after surgery, with only minor changes occurring after this time point in the future. So, the patients have the biggest change in function and discomfort during the first 4 months following surgery on average.
Impact of COVID-19 post lockdown on eating habits and lifestyle changes among university students in Bangladesh: a web based cross sectional study
Authors: Imran Faysal Ahmed , Khatun Eshita
Published: May 2022

Background: Since the confinement of the lockdown, universities transferred their teaching and learning activities in online as an all-out intention to prevent the transmission of the infection. This study aimed to determine the significant changes in food habits, physical activity, sleeping hours, shopping habits, Internet use time and mental status of the students and investigate the associations between variables.Methods: The study participants were 307 Undergraduate students, between 18 and 25 years of age completed a structured questionnaire from January 3, 2022 to February 13, 2022. The questionnaire included demographic information of the students, questionnaire of dietary pattern, physical activity, sleep quality index, Shopping practice and Internet use time. Chi-square tests were used to associate the baseline information with lifestyle changes in post lockdown.Results: The study reveals that 21.5% of respondents gained weight, 23.8% lost their weight and 41.7% controlled their weight. Eating of homemade food decreased after lockdown 76.5% and eating of restaurant food increased after lockdown 23.5%. A number of major meals 3-4 meals per day decreased after lockdown 61.9%. Physical exercise significantly increased after lockdown (p=0.001). Sleeping hours per day significantly decreased after lockdown (p=0.001), sleep quality was almost the same and energy level increased more in post lockdown. Respondents felt mentally tired after lockdown 60.9%. Respondents spending time on the Internet in chat rooms was 88.3%.Conclusions: This study represents the significant impact on food habits, mental health, and daily routine of students after lockdown, suggesting that we should maintain a balanced diet, physical exercise to improve sleep quality and mental health.
Factors influencing the uptake of antenatal care services among pregnant women in South Gaalkacyo district, Mudug region, Somalia
Authors: Haji Omar A. , Suleiman Mbaruk Abdulla , Juma Joseph N.
Published: May 2022

Background: Focused antenatal care addresses specific health conditions of pregnant mothers, therefore, improving health outcomes for mothers and infants including maternal and infant mortality. Somalia is among the first twenty African countries with the greatest maternal and infant mortality rates. Therefore, this study was conducted in the South Gaalkacyo district, Mudug region, Somalia, to investigate the factors influencing the uptake of antenatal care services among pregnant women.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study with 385 participants. Data were collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Logistic forward linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between two or more variables of interest. And P-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Of the study participants (52.67%) had poor knowledge of antenatal care and (88.1%) were satisfied with antenatal care services. There was a significant association between the study participants’ level of knowledge (p=0.0001), accessibility to health facilities (p=0.016), and health care workers’ attitudes (p=0.014) with the use of antenatal care attendance. From qualitative responses lack of support from husbands played an essential role in seeking antenatal health care.Conclusions: Underutilization of FANC was influenced by women’s knowledge, level of education, socio-economic and cultural factors as well as infrastructural factors. More education and awareness are required to educate women on the importance of utilizing ANC services.
Eye donation: awareness, knowledge and willingness among general public in Southern Indian population
Authors: Pallerla Srinivasa Reddy , Khanna Rohit C. , Krishnaiah S. , Keeffe Jill
Published: May 2022

Background: Aim of the study was to assess the awareness, knowledge and willingness to donate eyes among general public in southern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.Methods: A cross sectional population-based survey used a semi structured questionnaire on awareness, knowledge and willingness for eye donation. Stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used with a sample size of 867 adults >16 years based on, estimated awareness of cataract 70%, assuming an expected rate of 85%, design effect of 1.5, margin of error 4% with 95% confidence interval with 25% from urban areas and 75% from rural areas. Having heard of eye donation was defined as awareness and having knowledge of the ideal time to donate the eyes was considered as knowledge. A pilot study was conducted to validate the questions used in the main study. Statistical package SPSS (version 19) was used for analysis to calculate logistic regression and odds ratios for gender, age, education and urban-rural areas.Results: A total of 782/867 (90.1%) subjects participated in the survey with females 47.4%. 603 subjects (77.1%) were aware of eye donation. 301 subjects (38.5%) were willing to donate eyes. The 297 subjects (49.3%) were aware of the ideal time for donation after death.Conclusions: Awareness of eye donation was high among the general public but the willingness to donate eyes was poor. There is a need to identify barriers for eye donation to increase the voluntary donation of the eyes to combat corneal blindness.
Prevalence of sleep disorders among shift and day workers in industrial workers of North Guwahati, Assam
Authors: Krishnatreya Mousumi , Borah Rinku
Published: May 2022

Background: General sleep disorder and comorbid sleep disorder are highly prevalent in industrialized societies of India because of the work hours that displaces the sleep timing. There is rapid rise of Industries in the North Eastern region of the country, but research have been conducted on a sparse proportion of the population in this area. Aim of the study is to compare the prevalence of sleep disorder in shift worker and day worker based on international classification of sleep disorders (ICSD) criteria in a sample drawn from the working population of industries in North Guwahati, Assam. Methods: Data was collected by administering a set of well validated questionnaire on a sample of 161 shift workers and 161 permanent day workers from 16 industries, from July to December 2021. Additional data concerning demographic profile were also analysed. Results: Among the shift workers and day workers prevalence of general sleep disturbance was 34% and 19% respectively. Prevalence of insomnia, restless leg syndrome was found to be higher among the shift workers compared to day workers.Conclusions: Shift workers experienced more difficulties with the variability of their sleep times. It was associated with a higher prevalence of ICSD-defined symptoms of sleep disorders like insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea and restless leg syndrome. Thus, the study may play a role in occupational health intervention aimed at reducing sleep problems and improving the resilience of shift worker especially in the areas of new industrial development.
Study to determine self-medication pattern and drug use behavior in rural areas of Etawah district
Authors: Singh Nishant , Sahu Priyanka , Saroj Mahendra Kumar , Singh Vaibhav , Siddiqui Arshiya Masood
Published: May 2022

Background: According to William Osler, a great feature which distinguishes man from animals is the desire to take medicine. Self-medication is an age-old practice. According to world health organization guidelines “Self-medication is defined as use of medicinal products by the individuals to treat self-recognized disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continuous use of a medication prescribed by a physician for chronic or recurring diseases or symptomsMethods: The study population included study subjects from the rural areas of Etawah district. A total sample of 200 was recruited in the study based on 40×5 cluster sampling techniqueResults: most of the participants in rural areas 65% belong to the age group 20-39 years. Among the rural participants males were 134/200 (67.0%) and females were 66 (33%). Most of the participants in rural areas were married i.e.  76.0%. Most of the participants (50%) belonged to joint family followed by nuclear family (40%) in rural areas. Most common reason for self-medication practice in rural area most common reason for practice of self-medication was high fee which makes 29% (58) of all respondent and other reasons were Doctor/clinic away from home (27.5%), to save time (20.5%), medicine of family member (6%), no trust in doctor (0.5%) and pharmacist advice (3.5%).Conclusions: Most common age group indulged in the practice of self-medication was 20-39 year in rural study area.
Wellbeing, occupation, money, education and knowledge: a descriptive study of NFHS-4 data comparing Maharashtra and national data on the wellbeing, occupation, money, education and knowledge parameters
Authors: Jadhav Saili U. , Tawde Ashlesha
Published: May 2022

Background: ‘Women rights’ is a contentious social issue. Well-being, occupation, money, education and knowledge (W. O. M. E. N.), are the basic parameters based on which a women’s status in the society depends. Her wellbeing shows us her health, her occupation and education help us understand how she gets treated in her family and her capability to take future life decisions. Her involvement in the family money, her income, shows her economic understanding. Her knowledge, on her reproductive and sexual health, on domestic abuse shows her awareness on these issues and reflects on her personal experiences as well.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on NFHS-4 data (with permission from DHS) using Maharashtra and India data for analysis of W. O. M. E. N.’s characteristics.Results: The results showed that p value for all W. O. M. E. N.’s characteristics in association with Maharashtra and India values was found to be highly significant.Conclusions: the 904 (19.2%) women in Maharashtra said that beating was justified when wife goes out without telling the husband, whereas compared to India statistics, 28002 (23.8%) women feel the same. In a study by Jeyaseelan et al a cross-sectional study was conducted on 9938 women surveyed, 26% reported experiencing spousal physical violence during the lifetime of their marriage
Health promotion an eye opener tool for computer vision syndrome
Authors: Adhav Vaishnavi G. , Pawar Jayesh A. , Nimbalkar Rajlaxmi V. , Ingole Saurabh K. , Kshirsagar Sakshi S. , Ramanathan Vanisree
Published: May 2022

Background: Computer is one of the most common office tools used in a variety of institutions worldwide. Using a computer for an extended period of time put users at a higher risk of developing computer vision syndrome. The leading occupational health problem of the 21st century is computer vision syndromeMethods: This is an online-based, cross-sectional study that was conducted between June 3rd and June 14th, 2021. We selected approximately 200 computer users, both students and working, ranging in age from 10 to 40 years, who spend a significant amount of time in front of a digital screen. Data was gathered by completing an online questionnaire form about C.V.S.Results: A Google form was filled out by 200 people, both students and working professionals, and it was discovered that more than 90% of the population are aware of the negative effects of excessive screen time. Only having knowledge and being aware is insufficient to reduce CVS incidences and prevalence. Approaches to health promotion are critical in understanding the reasons for the increased prevalence of CVS. Only 41% wear protective eyewear, demonstrating negligence and the importance of a behavioural change approach in reducing CVS prevalence.Conclusions: We can conclude that excessive screen use can cause problems. People may be aware of the negative effects of screens, but they continue to ignore their eye health. Educating yourself on the ideal eye screen distance of 51 cm (20 inches) is essential, as is the use of protective eyewear.