bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy: A Case Report with Sequential Fetal Brain Changes and the Latest Information on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Choi Eun Jeon , Han Jung Yeol
Published: May 2021

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss and a major cause of visual, intellectual, and neurodevelopmental impairment worldwide. The seroprevalence of CMV among women of childbearing age in developing countries reaches almost 100%, and the incidence of CMV infection in neonates is 1%–2%. Approximately 87% of the infected neonates are asymptomatic at birth and 13% of them have permanent sequelae. The burden of congenital malformations due to congenital CMV infection is higher than that due to Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, and spina bifida. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge regarding congenital CMV pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. In this study, we report a case that showed sequential changes of fetal brain following CMV infection in pregnancy. Additionally, we reviewed the latest information on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of congenital CMV infection.
The Influence of Female University Students' Life Style, Women's Health Characteristics, and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Menstrual Symptoms
Authors: Lee Bo Gyeong , Kim Nam Hee
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Menstrual symptoms are psychological and physical symptoms caused by hormonal changes according to the menstrual cycle, and many women complain of discomfort. This study was conducted to determine the factors that influence menstrual symptoms in female university students.Methods: Data collection was performed among 247 female students through convenient sampling at 2 universities in Korea, and the final analysis was conducted in 240 female students. Life style, women’s health characteristics, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and menstrual symptoms were assessed. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, analysis of variance, and hierarchical regression analysis.Results: The results of hierarchical regression analysis of the variables that showed significant results among variables related to menstrual symptoms were as follows: amount of menstruation (β=0.20, p=0.001), use of scented candles (β=0.19, p=0.002), women's health-related disease (β=0.15, p=0.015), irregular exercise (β=0.14, p=0.021), the use of a styrofoam container for food packaging (β=0.14, p=0.035), and change in menstrual bleeding amount (β=0.13, p=0.037) had a significant positive effect on menstrual symptoms.Conclusion: In order to reduce the discomfort caused by menstrual symptoms, it is necessary to maintain a life style or women's health, and avoid the use of EDCs that have an impact on female reproductive hormones.
Norms and Social Network–Centric Behavior Change Intervention (Nam Nalavazhvu) for Improved Toilet Usage in Peri-Urban Communities of Tamil Nadu: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ashraf Sania , Bicchieri Cristina , Delea Maryann G , Das Upasak , Chauhan Kavita , Kuang Jinyi , Shpenev Alex , Thulin Erik
Published: May 2021

Background

Inconsistent toilet usage is a continuing challenge in India. Despite the impact of social expectations on toilet usage, few programs and studies have developed theoretically grounded norm-centric behavior change interventions to increase toilet use in low-income settings.

Objective

The objective of this paper is to detail the rationale and design of an ex ante, parallel cluster-randomized trial evaluating the impact of a demand-side, norm-centric behavior change intervention on exclusive toilet use and maintenance in peri-urban Tamil Nadu, India.

Methods

Following formative research, we developed an evidence-based norm-centric behavior change intervention called Nam Nalavazhvu (Tamil for “our well-being”). The multilevel intervention aims to improve toilet usage by shifting empirical expectations or beliefs about other relevant people’s sanitation practices. It also provides action-oriented information to aid individuals to set goals and overcome barriers to own, consistently use, and maintain their toilets. This trial includes 76 wards in the Pudukkottai and Karur districts, where half were randomly assigned to receive the intervention and the remaining served as counterfactuals.

Results

We enrolled wards and conducted a baseline survey among randomly selected individuals in all 76 wards. The 1-year behavior change intervention is currently ongoing. At the endline, we will collect relevant data and compare results between study arms to determine the impacts of the Nam Nalavazhvu intervention on sanitation-related behavioral, health, and well-being outcomes and potential moderators. This study is powered to detect differences in the prevalence of exclusive toilet use between study arms. We are also conducting a process evaluation to understand the extent to which the intervention was implemented as designed, given the special pandemic context.

Conclusions

Findings from this trial will inform norm-centric behavior change strategies to improve exclusive toilet usage.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04269824; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04269824

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/24407
Research Trends in Artificial Intelligence Applications in Human Factors Health Care: Mapping Review
Authors: Asan Onur , Choudhury Avishek
Published: May 2021

Background

Despite advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) to develop prediction and classification models, little research has been devoted to real-world translations with a user-centered design approach. AI development studies in the health care context have often ignored two critical factors of ecological validity and human cognition, creating challenges at the interface with clinicians and the clinical environment.

Objective

The aim of this literature review was to investigate the contributions made by major human factors communities in health care AI applications. This review also discusses emerging research gaps, and provides future research directions to facilitate a safer and user-centered integration of AI into the clinical workflow.

Methods

We performed an extensive mapping review to capture all relevant articles published within the last 10 years in the major human factors journals and conference proceedings listed in the “Human Factors and Ergonomics” category of the Scopus Master List. In each published volume, we searched for studies reporting qualitative or quantitative findings in the context of AI in health care. Studies are discussed based on the key principles such as evaluating workload, usability, trust in technology, perception, and user-centered design.

Results

Forty-eight articles were included in the final review. Most of the studies emphasized user perception, the usability of AI-based devices or technologies, cognitive workload, and user’s trust in AI. The review revealed a nascent but growing body of literature focusing on augmenting health care AI; however, little effort has been made to ensure ecological validity with user-centered design approaches. Moreover, few studies (n=5 against clinical/baseline standards, n=5 against clinicians) compared their AI models against a standard measure.

Conclusions

Human factors researchers should actively be part of efforts in AI design and implementation, as well as dynamic assessments of AI systems’ effects on interaction, workflow, and patient outcomes. An AI system is part of a greater sociotechnical system. Investigators with human factors and ergonomics expertise are essential when defining the dynamic interaction of AI within each element, process, and result of the work system.
Perception of Mental Health Care Professionals in Saudi Arabia on Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Observational Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: AlHadi Ahmad N , Alammari Khawla A , Alsiwat Lojain J , Alhaidri Nojood E , Alabdulkarim Nouf H , Altwaijri Nouf A , AlSohaili Shamma A
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Mental health disorders are common in Saudi Arabia with a 34% lifetime prevalence. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a type of psychotherapy, is an evidence-based intervention for the majority of mental disorders. Although the demand for CBT is increasing, unfortunately, there are few therapists available to meet this demand and the therapy is expensive. Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) is a new modality that can help fill this gap.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to measure the knowledge of cCBT among mental health care professionals in Saudi Arabia, and to evaluate their attitudes and preferences toward cCBT.

METHODS

This quantitative observational cross-sectional study used a convenience sample, selecting mental health care professionals working in the tertiary hospitals of Saudi Arabia. The participants received a self-administered electronic questionnaire through data collectors measuring their demographics, knowledge, and attitudes about cCBT, and their beliefs about the efficacy of using computers in therapy.

RESULTS

Among the 121 participating mental health care professionals, the mean age was 36.55 years and 60.3% were women. Most of the participants expressed uncertainty and demonstrated a lack of knowledge regarding cCBT. However, the majority of participants indicated a positive attitude toward using computers in therapy. Participants agreed with the principles of cCBT, believed in its efficacy, and were generally confident in using computers. Among the notable results, participants having a clinical license and with cCBT experience had more knowledge of cCBT. The overall attitude toward cCBT was not affected by demographic or work-related factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Mental health care professionals in Saudi Arabia need more education and training regarding cCBT; however, their attitude toward its use and their comfort in using computers in general show great promise. Further research is needed to assess the acceptance of cCBT by patients in Saudi Arabia, in addition to clinical trials measuring its effectiveness in the Saudi population.
Digital Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Services: Case-Based Realist Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Burbach Frank R , Stiles Katie M
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The rapid movement of mental health services on the internet following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the potential advantages of digital delivery and has highlighted the need to learn from prepandemic digital services.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to explore the different elements of interconnected digital mental health and neurodevelopmental services of a well-established provider to the UK National Health Service and how web-based delivery enables young people and their families to access high-quality assessments and interventions in a more timely, flexible, and person-centered manner than in-person delivery.

METHODS

A realist evaluation multiple case–study design was used, with 9 pediatric cases (aged 8-15 years) identified as representative of the services provided by Healios. Presenting concerns included autism and ADHD, anxiety and panic attacks, low self-esteem, anger and self-harm. The research literature was used to define the program theory and six context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) statements. The CMOs formed the basis for the initial data extraction, with novel elements added via an iterative process.

RESULTS

We identified 10 key elements of web-based services: flexible delivery and timely response, personalized care to the individual, comprehensive care enabled by multiple interconnected services, effective client engagement and productive therapeutic alliances, use of multiple communication tools, client satisfaction with the service, good clinical outcomes, ease of family involvement throughout sessions or from different locations, facilitation of multi-agency working and integration with National Health Services, and management of risk and safeguarding. These elements supported the six CMOs; there was clear evidence that young people and their families valued the responsiveness and flexibility of the web-based mental health service and, in particular, how quickly they were seen. There was also clear evidence of individual needs being met, good therapeutic alliances, and client satisfaction. Multiple communication tools appeared to maximize engagement and working digitally facilitated multi-agency communication and delivery of safe care. The abovementioned factors may be related to the finding of good clinical outcomes, but the methodology of this study does not allow any conclusions to be drawn regarding causality.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of interconnected digital mental health and neurodevelopmental services as well as how web-based delivery enables young people and their families to access assessments and interventions in a more timely, flexible, and person-centered manner than in-person delivery. The 10 key elements of web-based service delivery identified through the 9 case studies suggest the potential advantages of web-based work. These elements can inform future research and aid in the delivery of high-quality digital services.

CLINICALTRIAL
Dental Case, a serious game to support decision making in the dental clinic: A case study (Preprint)
Authors: Huanca Camila , Garrido Deise , Meireles Mario , Trindade Paola , Oliveira Ana Emilia , Haddad Ana Estela
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Games are present in society, representing the most diverse activities. A brief conceptual approach to gaming is necessary to the broadening of its understanding within the social and educational context. With the use of digital games in education, known as serious game, the education of dentistry students and dentists may include new complementary approaches.

OBJECTIVE

To report the project and the development criteria of a serious game in clinical decision-making cases, in the sphere of Dentistry, as a complementary teaching tool.

METHODS

Case study of the development of the content and narrative of a serious game decision-making process in the dental clinic. In Dental Case, players assume the role of a dentist in consultation, whose mission goes through the stages of Medical history, clinical examination, complementary examination, diagnosis, and treatment. The situations presented in the game were designed to be similar to situations of decision making in the dental clinic in the context of primary health care. The content developed was reviewed and validated by specialists, both from a technical and pedagogical point of view, to be later inserted into the game software by the IT team.

RESULTS

We developed Dental Case, a serious game with a set of clinical cases for professionals and Dentistry students to support teaching in decision making at different stages of the clinic. The game is available for free on the web and in the Play Store and Apple Store mobile app stores.

CONCLUSIONS

New complementary pedagogical approaches in the field of Dentistry are necessary. The resources provided by Dental Case are presented as a potential tool in educational technologies aimed at Dentistry and may contribute to expanding the scale and scope of educational activities. Subsequent to this, learning effectiveness tests will be carried out.
Deep Learning Techniques for Fatty Liver Using Multi-View Ultrasound Images Scanned by Different Scanners: Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Taewoo , Lee Dong Hyun , Park Eun-Kee , Choi Sanghun
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Fat fraction values obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to obtain an accurate diagnosis of fatty liver diseases. However, MRI is expensive and cannot be performed for everyone.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aim to develop multi-view ultrasound image–based convolutional deep learning models to detect fatty liver disease and yield fat fraction values.

METHODS

We extracted 90 ultrasound images of the right intercostal view and 90 ultrasound images of the right intercostal view containing the right renal cortex from 39 cases of fatty liver (MRI–proton density fat fraction [MRI–PDFF] ≥ 5%) and 51 normal subjects (MRI–PDFF < 5%), with MRI–PDFF values obtained from Good Gang-An Hospital. We obtained combined liver and kidney-liver (CLKL) images to train the deep learning models and developed classification and regression models based on the VGG19 model to classify fatty liver disease and yield fat fraction values. We employed the data augmentation techniques such as flip and rotation to prevent the deep learning model from overfitting. We determined the deep learning model with performance metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and coefficient of determination (R2).

RESULTS

In demographic information, all metrics such as age and sex were similar between the two groups—fatty liver disease and normal subjects. In classification, the model trained on CLKL images achieved 80.1% accuracy, 86.2% precision, and 80.5% specificity to detect fatty liver disease. In regression, the predicted fat fraction values of the regression model trained on CLKL images correlated with MRI–PDFF values (R2=0.633), indicating that the predicted fat fraction values were moderately estimated.

CONCLUSIONS

With deep learning techniques and multi-view ultrasound images, it is potentially possible to replace MRI–PDFF values with deep learning predictions for detecting fatty liver disease and estimating fat fraction values.
Learning Outcomes of Immersive Technologies in Health Care Student Education: Systematic Review of the Literature (Preprint)
Authors: Ryan Grace V , Callaghan Shauna , Rafferty Anthony , Higgins Mary F , Mangina Eleni , McAuliffe Fionnuala
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

There is a lack of evidence in the literature regarding the learning outcomes of immersive technologies as educational tools for teaching university-level health care students.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review is to assess the learning outcomes of immersive technologies compared with traditional learning modalities with regard to knowledge and the participants’ learning experience in medical, midwifery, and nursing preclinical university education.

METHODS

A systematic review was conducted according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Randomized controlled trials comparing traditional learning methods with virtual, augmented, or mixed reality for the education of medicine, nursing, or midwifery students were evaluated. The identified studies were screened by 2 authors independently. Disagreements were discussed with a third reviewer. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) in April 2020.

RESULTS

Of 15,627 studies, 29 (0.19%) randomized controlled trials (N=2722 students) were included and evaluated using the MERSQI tool. Knowledge gain was found to be equal when immersive technologies were compared with traditional learning modalities; however, the learning experience increased with immersive technologies. The mean MERSQI score was 12.64 (SD 1.6), the median was 12.50, and the mode was 13.50. Immersive technology was predominantly used to teach clinical skills (15/29, 52%), and virtual reality (22/29, 76%) was the most commonly used form of immersive technology. Knowledge was the primary outcome in 97% (28/29) of studies. Approximately 66% (19/29) of studies used validated instruments and scales to assess secondary learning outcomes, including satisfaction, self-efficacy, engagement, and perceptions of the learning experience. Of the 29 studies, 19 (66%) included medical students (1706/2722, 62.67%), 8 (28%) included nursing students (727/2722, 26.71%), and 2 (7%) included both medical and nursing students (289/2722, 10.62%). There were no studies involving midwifery students. The studies were based on the following disciplines: anatomy, basic clinical skills and history-taking skills, neurology, respiratory medicine, acute medicine, dermatology, communication skills, internal medicine, and emergency medicine.

CONCLUSIONS

Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality play an important role in the education of preclinical medical and nursing university students. When compared with traditional educational modalities, the learning gain is equal with immersive technologies. Learning outcomes such as student satisfaction, self-efficacy, and engagement all increase with the use of immersive technology, suggesting that it is an optimal tool for education.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Komunikasi antar UAV untuk Formasi UAV
Authors: Firmansyah Rendra Dwi , Apriaskar Esa , Putri Tika Erna
Published: May 2021

UAV formation is one of techology development in UAV world. The UAV formation can be utilized in various fields including agriculture, mapping and defense security (HANKAM). Communication is one of the important components in making UAV formations. To make UAV formations, position and direction data (AHRS) from each UAV will be sent to other UAVs so that when forming UAV formation, no collisions occur between UAVs. This study uses a star topology like the one on a computer network. This method involves two or more UAVs, both of which will exchange data. In this study the data sent is in the form of a dummy data package using the xbee module. The purpose of this study is the initial model of communication between UAVs which can later be developed into more complex communication models for many UAVs. The results obtained in the form of maximum communication distance between UAVs is 50m and the recommended optimal distance is 10-20m.
Analisis Efisiensi Daya Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro Menggunakan HOMER (Studi Kasus PLTMH Parakandowo Kabupaten Pekalongan)
Authors: Murni Siti Suci , Suryanto Agus
Published: May 2021

Microhydro Power Plant (MPP) is a power plant that uses water as a medium to drive turbines and generators. The power generated by PLTMH depends on the flow of river water that flows through PLTMH Prakandowo. In the dry season the water discharge fluctuates so that the efficiency of the MPP has decreased. The research was conducted to analyze the Power Efficiency of MPP Parakandowo. The research method used in this research is non-experimental quantitative using descriptive methods in Parakandowo Hamlet, Sidomulyo Village, Lebakbarang District, Pekalongan Regency. This study provides an overview of the decrease in power efficiency of PLTMH Parakandowo in the dry season. The results of this study are the efficiency value of PLTMH Parakandowo of 65.33% which indicates inefficiency, due to the effect of decreasing water discharge. The long-term solution is to connect MPP with PLN. Homer software can simulate a grid connected MPP with PLN. The simulation results of Homer software hybridize PLTMH with PLN, namely the energy that can be produced is 122,593 kW / year.Keywords—MPP,efficiency,homer,grid connected
Time variation of total electron content over Tucumán, Argentina
Authors: Mosert M. , Ezquer R. , Jadur C. , Del V. Oviedo R.
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo presenta un análisis de la variabilidad del contenido electrónico total, TEC, sobre Tucumán (26.9S; 294.6E; Dip: -21.1) usando mediciones obtenidas por medio de la técnica Faraday durante el período de alta actividad solar comprendido entre abril de 1982 (=114) y marzo de 1983 (=75). Los parámetros de variabilidad seleccionados para el estudio han sido la desviación standard del valor promedio s y el índice de variabilidad v = (desviación estándar / promedio) x 100. Las variaciones diurnas y estacionales de ambos parámetros de variabilidad han sido analizadas. Un estudio comparativo con la variabilidad día a día de la frecuencia crítica de la región F2, foF2, ha sido también llevado a cabo. Una tabla de valores de la variabilidad relativa v es presentada. Estudios adicionales se recomiendan con el objeto de extender este tipo de análisis a datos de TEC obtenidos en distintas condiciones geográficas y geofísicas.
Deviations from model predictions in measured electron density profiles for low latitudes: A critique
Authors: Muralikrishna P. , Vieira L. P. , Abdu M. A. , De Paula E. R.
Published: May 2021

Se comparan los perfiles obtenidos in situ de las estaciones ecuatoriales de Brasil, usando pruebas de Langmuir y de Frecuencia de Alta Capacitancia, con las predicciones del modelo IRI, en el contexto de las distribuciones espectrales de las irregularidades observadas en la densidad del plasma. Se asume que las inestabilidades de Rayleigh-Taylor y la de Campo Cruzado, son las responsables de la generación de las irregularidades observadas en el plasma, y con ellas se estima el tiempo de crecimiento y el tamaño mínimo de las irregularidades que se observan en diferentes alturas para el perfil de densidad electrónica. Para ello se usan aproximaciones polinomiales simples para representar el perfil observado. La comparación entre las características de las irregularidades observadas del plasma con las esperadas a partir de la teoría nos puede dar información sobre la confiabilidad del perfil observado. La confiabilidad se vuelve particularmente importante de estimar debido a que las técnicas de medición de densidad electrónica se asocian a algunos problemas. Entonces se puede ver que si las desviaciones observadas del perfil comparadas con el modelo IRI son reales o no. De este estudio comparativo uno puede saber cuáles son los parámetros físicos responsables por las desviaciones observadas y sugerir mejoras en los métodos usados en las predicciones de IRI a bajas latitudes.
Heliospheric consequences of solar activity in geophysical and interplanetary phenomena
Authors: Valdés Galicia J. F. , Lara A. , Maravilla D.
Published: May 2021

Hemos hecho un análisis de diversos fenómenos solares como el flujo magnético solar total, el área de los hoyos coronales polares y las manchas solares. Investigamos su evolución temporal a lo largo de varios ciclos solares y su posible relación con ondas de choque interplanetarias, comienzos repentinos de tormentas magnéticas en la Tierra y variaciones en la intensidad de rayos cósmicos. Nuestros resultados enfatizan la relación entre la emergencia de flujo magnético solar y la dinámica del medio interplanetario, en particular la importancia de la evolución de los hoyos coronales y la estructura de la heliosfera.
Geomagnetic activity related to acute myocardial infarctions: Relationship in a reduced population and time interval
Authors: Rodríguez Taboada Ramón E. , Sierra Figueredo Pablo , Sierra Fogueredo Simón
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo empleamos los datos de infarto agudo al miocardio proporcionados por 5 hospitales en la ciudad de La Habana, que cubren una población estimada de 850 000 habitantes durante los años de 1992 a 1999. Analizamos la ocurrencia de estos infartos en relación con la actividad geomagnética medida a través del índice Ap, considerando un rango de actividad que va del bajo al alto. Encontramos que la distribución de infartos en períodos geomagnéticos tranquilos (Ap<10 g) y perturbados (Ap>50g) es diferente. Empleando el método de épocas superpuestas, observamos un máximo prominente en la distribución de infartos un día después del día del máximo de Ap. Aparentemente la morbilidad por infarto agudo al miocardio responde a un nivel umbral de actividad geomagnética de Ap entre 20- 50 g.
Tectonic-structural systems of Mars: Is it possible to use them to reconstruct its thermal evolution?
Authors: Barosio Antonio H. , Valdés Galicia J. F.
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo intenta establecer la posible relación entre los esfuerzos corticales evidenciados por fallamientos mapeados en superficie y la evolución térmica del planeta Marte. Para lograrlo, se hizo una clasificación inicial de los sistemas tectónicoestructurales que aparecen en superficie, los cuales fueron detectados por diversas misiones desde órbita. Esta clasificación se basó en la asociación de los rasgos tectónico-estructurales con rasgos geológicos específicos, lo cual permitió dividirlos en cuatro grandes grupos: I) Fosas y fallas normales distribuidas paralela y radialmente al bulbo volcánico Tharsis. II) Sistemas tectónicos asociados a los volcanes que coronan al bulbo Tharsis, a los montes volcánicos de Elysium y a los alrededores de las cuencas de impacto Isidis, Argyre y Hellas. III) Crestas arrugadas que se extienden por casi todo el planeta. IV) Una serie de crestas secundarias asociadas a la dicotomía cortical. Posteriormente se plantea una reclasificación basada en la extensión superficial y en los posibles procesos geológicos que pudieron haber originado las diferentes estructuras tectónicas. Esta última clasificación permite asociar esfuerzos a procesos geológicos específicos y contempla tres grandes grupos de estructuras: deformaciones locales, regionales y globales. Finalmente se sugieren las posibles causas de los esfuerzos, las cuales incluyen: esfuerzos globales debidos a expansión o contracción térmica, esfuerzos regionales o locales debidos a anomalías térmicas en el manto y a cargas litosféricas, esfuerzos producidos por impactos, entre otros. Esto permitió sugerir una posible evolución térmica que plantea un calentamiento inicial por acreción, seguido de un enfriamiento brusco en un tiempo muy corto y un enfriamiento secular posterior, el cual continúa en el presente.
A new coda-duration magnitude scale for northern Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Vidal Antonio , Munguía Luis
Published: May 2021

En la región norte de Baja California las duraciones de coda de señales sísmicas registradas en el ambiente sedimentario del Valle Mexicali-Imperial (VMI) son mayores que las registradas en la región granítica de las Sierras Peninsulares de Baja California (SPBC). Además de esta variación regional, la duración de coda también está afectada por la distancia fuente-receptor y las condiciones de la geología local del sitio de registro. Todos los factores que modifican a la duración de coda deben tomarse en cuenta cuando ésta se usa para calcular la magnitud del sismo que la generó. Con base en sismogramas correspondientes a sismos de magnitudes de 1.8 a 5.8, efectuamos un análisis de regresión múltiple a valores de tiempo transcurrido desde el origen del sismo hasta el criterio de corte de la duración de la señal sísmica. De este análisis obtuvimos dos relaciones magnitud-duración: = - (1.56 Â± 0.21) + (2.44 Â± 0.13) log + (0.0023 Â± 0.0004) + S, para las SPBC, y = - (1.27 Â± 0.38) + (2.31 Â± 0.20) log + (0.0012 Â± 0.0004) + S, para el VMI. En ambas relaciones S representa las correcciones de estación, las cuales están comprendidas en el intervalo de -0.60 a +0.19. Estas correcciones permiten corregir los valores de magnitud por la influencia del sitio de registro en la duración de coda. Las relaciones - propuestas en este estudio, calibradas con una escala de magnitud local definida previamente para la región, permiten obtener valores homogéneos de magnitud.
The RESNOM seismic catalog and its bearing on the seismicity of Northwestern Mexico
Authors: Zúñiga F. Ramón , R. Castro Raúl
Published: May 2021

Se efectuó un análisis del catálogo de la Red Sísmica del Noroeste de México (RESNOM) para proporcionar elementos que pueden ser claves para estudios actuales y futuros que hacen uso de esta importante base de datos. Las características espaciotemporales del catálogo de sismicidad se detallan para dar un panorama global de la historia de reporte. Al investigar las variaciones en los datos reportados se pretende encontrar bases para un mejor entendimiento de la historia sísmica de la región. Se han identificado variaciones con un probable origen artificial y se discuten sus implicaciones para estudios de sismicidad. Así mismo, se ha analizado la historia y los valores actuales de la magnitud mínima de reporte completo (Mc), así como su variación en el espacio para poder optimizar las estimaciones de riesgo en la región basadas en los datos de sismicidad. Se identificaron cambios significativos en el reporte que tuvieron lugar durante principios de 1987, mediados de 1992 y principios de 1997. Una inspección de los boletines, para el período de 1987 a 1992, arroja cifras para la tasa de eventos localizados contra eventos registrados de 50% en promedio. Haciendo una comparación entre las tendencias acumulada y no acumulada para los eventos localizados durante el período 1987 a 1992.4 contra las de 1992.4 a 1997.11 encontramos que si se restringe la zona de inspección a la región que concuerda con la máxima resolución de la red, la variación se reduce notablemente. Al efectuar una comparación entre la tendencia durante 1992.4 a 1997.11 contra la de 1997.11 a 2001.5 se demuestra que no es necesaria ninguna corrección, a pesar de que los datos indican que el número de eventos con magnitud de duración Md â‰¤ 3.5 fue 38% menor durante el período antecedente comparado con los valores actuales. Una comparación entre la distribución obtenida con magnitudes determinadas por RESNOM (Md) contra la que resulta de utilizar magnitudes reportadas por PDE (mb), para eventos en la misma región, indica que se puede obtener una mejor correspondencia entre ambas estimaciones al aumentar las magnitudes de RESNOM por 0.1. Esta misma corrección podría ser aplicada si se desea añadir datos de RESNOM a datos provenientes del catálogo del SSN. La magnitud mínima de reporte completo para la época actual se determinó como 2.1 con una confianza de 90%. La resolución espacial de Mc indica que algunas áreas con buena cobertura instrumental, particularmente el área cercana a 32°N y 116.5°W alcanzan valores de Mc=1.6. Al hacer una comparación entre mapas de Mc para los períodos en los que se determinó que ocurrieron cambios, se demuestra que la resolución de la red en algunas áreas ha mejorado considerablemente, con diferencias en Mc hasta por 1.0 unidades.
Microzonation of the Linares, Northeast Mexico area, based on geology and shear-wave velocity measurements
Authors: Montalvo-Arrieta J. C. , Quintanilla Y. , Tamez A. , Meneses M. , Ramos L. , Masuch D.
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se ha definido la estructura de velocidades de ondas S (VS) y P (VP), así como el promedio de velocidades (V s30 ) para los primeros 30 metros del subsuelo, a partir de perfiles sísmicos de refracción en el área de Linares, Nuevo León, tomándose como indicador de las condiciones de sitio. Se identificaron cuatro diferentes unidades litológicas para estos 30 m de profundidad: limos con velocidades de VP y VS de 338 m/s y 221 m/s, los cuales corresponden a los valores más bajos y someros (primeros 3 m) medidos en el área; aluvión (depósitos Cuaternarios) con velocidades respectivas de VP y VS de 957 m/s y 559 m/s; conglomerados (Terciario) con velocidades de VP y VS de 2471 m/s y 1220 m/s; finalmente lutitas de la Formación Méndez (Cretácico Superior) con velocidades de VP y VS de 3195 m/s y 2149 m/s respectivamente. De acuerdo con códigos internacionales de construcción aplicados a la clasificación de suelos y rocas (por ejemplo, the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program, USA, por sus siglas en inglés) en el área de estudio predominan los sitios clase C ( V s30 < 760 m/s), los cuales presentan una correspondencia con los espesores máximos (â‰¤ 16m) de sedimentos suaves observados en el área de estudio.
Multiresolution analysis applied to interpretation of seismic reflection data
Authors: Rivera-Recillas D. E. , Lozada-Zumaeta M. M. , Ronquillo-Jarillo G. , Campos-Enríquez J. O.
Published: May 2021

Hemos desarrollado el análisis multiresolutivo basado en la transformada ondicular discreta. En este trabajo ilustramos los usos potenciales en la exploración petrolera de la aplicación conjunta del análisis multiresolutivo y de los atributos sísmicos mediante un caso de estudio. Tres reflexiones mayores en la base de la ventana sísmica analizada están asociadas a formaciones geológicas con aceite (de edad Cretácico Inferior). Estas reflexiones mayores parecen continuarse hacia la izquierda por reflexiones menos claras y de menor amplitud. Basados únicamente en el análisis multiresolutivo de los datos sísmicos o en sus respectivos atributos convencionales (amplitud, fase y frecuencia instantáneas) no fue posible excluir la posible continuación. En efecto una continuación estratigráfica es sugerida por estos dos conjuntos de datos. Sin embargo, las resoluciones a diferentes escalas proporcionadas por el análisis multiresolutivo de los atributos sísmicos permitieron un análisis más fino. En efecto la continuidad sugerida en el análisis multiresolutivo de la sección sísmica y de los mismos atributos sísmicos, no fue apoyada completamente por el análisis de la fase. Es posible con la multiresolución de este atributo distinguir con confianza entre las reflexiones continuas de mayor amplitud y sus supuestas continuaciones. Las continuaciones están caracterizadas por reflexiones de baja amplitud, de media a alta frecuencia y continuas a tramos. Al estar aislada de las contribuciones de la información sísmica a otras escalas (o rangos de frecuencia) una característica sísmica dada es definida con más nitidez. Es este realzado adicional (es decir mayor calidad de la relación señal-ruido) lo que le permite a uno realizar un análisis discriminatorio más fino de mucha utilidad en la detección de hidrocarburos. El uso conjunto de la multriresolución y de los atributos sísmicos tiene aplicaciones potenciales en el campo de la sísmica de reflexión, tanto como indicador de hidrocarburos como en la caracterización de yacimientos carbonatados. El análisis multiresolutivo aquí desarrollado está basado en la transformada ondicular discreta, y representa una alternativa al análisis multiresolutivo basado en la transformada ondicular continua hoy disponible en la industria petrolera.
A model of enhanced electron concentration irregularities in the ionosphere: Perturbation amplitudes and hydrodynamic effects
Authors: Medina C. , Ríos V. , Gómez E.
Published: May 2021

Se propone un modelo bidimensional para realizar simulaciones computacionales de irregularidades de concentración electrónica, en un rango extendido de altitud centrado en la base de la capa F, e incluyendo la dependencia de las frecuencias de colisiones y de recombinación, con la densidad. El modelo se prueba con diferentes amplitudes de perturbación en una franja limitada. Se encuentra que las amplitudes en un rango medio son más efectivas como efecto desestabilizante. Todos los resultados confirman la predicción de Rayleigh-Taylor hidrodinámica.
Geoelectrical characterization of a site with hydrocarbon contamination caused by pipeline leakage
Authors: Delgado-Rodriguez Omar , Shevnin Vladimir , Ochoa-Valdés Jesús , Ryjov Albert
Published: May 2021

El método Sondeo Eléctrico Vertical (SEV) es ampliamente utilizado en estudios de impacto ambiental incluyendo elcaso de contaminación por hidrocarburos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la caracterización geoeléctrica de unsitio contaminado por hidrocarburos relacionado con una fuga en línea de ducto. El estudio geoeléctrico fue realizado utilizandoel método SEV en la variante de tomografía, realizándose una interpretación 2D de los datos observados. Seis perfiles paralelos de SEV fueron medidos y presentados sus resultados en secciones y mapas. Se determinó un modelo estratificado que incluye acuitardo y acuífero. Aunque el grado de contaminación en este sitio es bajo fue posible localizar dos zonas contaminadas dentro del acuífero. El acuífero y el acuitardo fueron caracterizados con base en su resistividad, contenido de arcilla, porosidad y capacidad de intercambio catiónico. Los valores de resistividad fueron recalculados a valores de parámetros petrofísicos utilizando un algoritmo de inversión que toma en cuenta la salinidad del agua de poro. En zonas no contaminadas los parámetros petrofísicos estimados a partir de datos de resistividad presentan valores cercanos a los reales, mientras que en zonas contaminadas se obtienen valores anómalos. Efectos similares de la influencia contaminación sobre los parámetros petrofísicos fueronencontrados en laboratorio realizando mediciones de resistividad en muestras de arena limpia y contaminada.
Are northeast and western Himalayas earthquake dynamics better “organized” than Central Himalayas: An artificial neural network approach
Authors: Lakshmi S. Sri , Tiwari R. K.
Published: May 2021

The Himalaya covering 20-38° N latitude and 70-98° E longitude, is one of the most seismo-tectonically active and vulnerable regions of the world. Visual inspection of the temporal earthquake frequency pattern of the Himalayas indicates the nature of the tectonic activity prevailing in this region. However, the quantification of this dynamical pattern is essential for constraining a model and characterizing the nature of earthquake dynamics in this region. We examine the temporal evolution of seismicity (M ? 4) of the Central Himalaya (CH), Western Himalaya (WH) and Northeast Himalaya (NEH), for the period of 1960-2003 using artificial neural network (ANN) technique. We use a multilayer feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) model to simulate monthly resolution earthquake frequency time series for all three regions. The ANN is trained using a standard back-propagation algorithm with gradient decent optimization technique and then generalized through cross-validation. The results suggest that earthquake processes in all three regions evolved on a high dimensional chaotic plane akin to “self-organized” dynamical pattern. Earthquake processes of NEH and WH show a higher predictive correlation coefficient (50-55%) compared to the CH (30%), implying that the earthquake dynamics in the NEH and WH are better “organized” than in the CH region. The available tectono- geological observations support the model predictions.
Food, Art and Philosophy
Authors: Atencia Linares Paloma , Meskin Aaron
Published: May 2021

Food, Art and Philosophy
Effect of Rodhradi Gana Udavartana in the Management of Sthaulya (Overweight) with Special Reference to Obesity
Authors: Shweta Parwe  , Manju Mohan  , Piyush Bhagwat  , Milind Nisargandha
Published: May 2021

Sthaulya is considered as a consuming issue of today’s time, which can be correlated to obesity. It happens because of the sedentary way of life, unwholesome  food propensities,  absence of physical exercise, mental pressure, and so forth. It has reached at pandemic degrees in India during the 21st  century with dismalness affecting 5% of its people. The obesity prevalence has increased  day  by  day  in  children  and  adults.  This  obesity  is  associated  with  many  medical  illnesses  (like  Hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes). The Acharyas also do an elaborative description of Chikitsa. Generally, it consolidates Shodhana and Shamana therapy. Among them, is the Udavartana Karma which has Kaphahara and Medohara property, and is used as often as possible with Rukshana Dravyas. Hence, our aim is to find out the role of Rodhradi gana Udvartan on sthaulya, and objectives that were assessed are body weight, BMI, Body Circumference and Lipid Profile. This was an Open-labelled single-arm interventional clinical study. Fifteen patients (age group 20 to 50) diagnosed with Sthaulya were registered from the outpatient and inpatient of the Department of Panchakarma, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College Hospital & Research Centre, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, and Udavartana  with  Rodhradigana  Churna  was  done  for consecutive  15  days.  The  selected  obese  patient’s  data were  statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Paired t-test. Highly significant (p<0.001) result was found in all the assessment of subjective as well as objective parameters. Udavartana has the characteristics of Kapha Hara and Medovilayana properties. Due to Ushna and Tikshna Guna of Rodhradi gana Dravya and strong massage impact, the Virya of medication goes into the body. Thereafter it opens the Siramukha  (openings of veins), does the digestion of Kapha and Medas. Based on the results, we concluded that Udavartana with Rodhradigana Churna was profoundly successful in reducing weight, BMI, and Lipid (Kg/cm2, mg/dl) profile with a significant (level of significance 0.05%) reduction in symptoms of Sthaulya.
A Roundtable. France Against “Separatism” and “Parallel Societies”: A New Policy towards the Muslims, Its Possible Consequences, and Alternatives
Authors:   Ye.T. Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy (Moscow, Russia), Starodubrovskaya Irina , Huhlaev Oleg ,   Moscow City University of Psychology and Education, Pavlova Olga ,   Moscow City University of Psychology and Education, Yarlykapov Ahmet ,   MGIMO University, Demintseva Ekaterina ,   HSE University, Mukhetdinov Damir ,   St. Petersburg University
Published: May 2021

The roundtable addressed the foreseeable consequences of, and possible alternatives to, the policy towards Muslim communities in France enunciated in a number of documents, including the new legislation that envisages “strengthening republican principles.” The focus of the roundtable was on the following issues: 1) Does the new legislation correctly identify “Islamic separatism” as the main cause of the problems with the integration of migrants in France?; 2) What can be consequences of the practical implementation of the new legislation?; 3) Is there an alternative to the proposed policy and what measures could be more effective? The roundtable participants discussed different approaches referring to the results of their own observations and research. French policy was viewed from the pan‑European perspective as well as in terms of its correlation with the Russian experience.
Towards a Conceptual History of “Priest”: From Sacred Position to Social Function
Authors:   Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox University (Moscow, Russia), Vorontsov Sergey
Published: May 2021

The article concerns the changes in the definition of the word “priest” in encyclopedias and lexicographical works in the course of shaping of the European culture of Modernity. The article argues that the notion of sacrum (as related to God), which directly correlated with the position of priest and defined its meaning until the 17th century, later, through the 18th century, was replaced by the notion of the community, in which the priest performs some cultic functions. The definitions of Enlightenment partly discredited the priestly power and position often representing them as dangerous for society and contradicting the civic duty of the priest. This shift is interpreted as reflecting the main changes in the modern worldview, when the hierarchical unity of social and cosmological orders was replaced by the functional understanding of society.
The Digitalization of Worship Practices during the Coronavirus Pandemic in the Context of the Mediatization of Orthodoxy
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) (Moscow, Russia), Luchenko Xenia
Published: May 2021

The article describes how the closure of churches during the Easter period due to the COVID‑19 pandemic and the quarantine measures led to the shift of everyday liturgical and communication practices to online forms. The experience of distance church life” in April‑June 2020 has shown that both the mediatization of Orthodoxy and the development of Orthodox segment of the internet reached a fundamentally new stage. The author examines this stage using the concept of participatory culture introduced by Henry Jenkins and the cultural studies approaches based on the categories of interactivity and immersion. The shared experience of online worship over a span of several months and the degree of participants’ co‑presence and emotional involvement point to a new level of mediatization that entailed the production and consumption of textual, audio and video content in the course of vertical and horizontal communication. This experience also showed the active development of participatory practices, including the strengthening of interactivity of worship, the unprecedented intensity of immersion, and the prospects of substantial changes in the liturgical life driven by digitalization.