bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of GPR in Community-Driven Compliance Archaeology with Tribal and Non-tribal Communities in Central California
Authors: Nelson Peter A.
Published: August 2021

For tribes whose preservation values and mitigation strategies for managing cultural heritage are built on an ethic of avoidance and minimal disturbance, geophysical technologies can be key components of the research design. These technologies, most notably ground-penetrating radar, have been used with great success in identifying and evaluating the depth, extent, and composition of some of those resources for heritage research and management purposes, easing tensions when working with sensitive ancestral places. Additionally, research in archaeological geophysics has shifted from feature finding in order to excavate targets of interest to the recognition that geophysical survey can provide data and interpretations for whole sites and landscapes complementary to or beyond that of excavation, especially regarding the intactness and sensitivity of cultural heritage sites. This use of geophysics as a primary method for research rather than a precursor to archaeological research has empowered tribes with another tool to advocate for low-impact investigation of ancestral sites and landscapes that position tribes as pro-science. Geophysical technologies provide scientifically rigorous yet minimally impactful strategies for investigating heritage while satisfying the requirements of academic and compliance archaeology in ways that can also be culturally appropriate for a much broader spectrum of tribal cultural heritage under consideration.
Management of COVID-19 Outbreak in Argentina: Stage 2
Authors: Cereghini Julian , Gemelli Nicolás
Published: August 2021

Objective:

With the intention to try to contain the spread of the viral disease, several measures were taken in Argentina for long periods of time.

Methods:

The lack of labor activity, social constraints, and a strong sense of helplessness, combined with a complex economic scenario with recession, inflation, and devaluation, led to the emergence of a dense climate of discontent.

Results:

After a second wave hit the country, several measures were reinstalled. The Argentine society, polarized in many aspects, was further divided between those who supported the re-establishment of strict measures to help prevent further infections and those who desperately claimed for the urgent need to return to work to sustain their livings.

Conclusions:

The preexisting problems to which developing countries are usually exposed have been sharpened over the last year, determining a very complex scenario where every decision is important for the country’s future. An updated report of the current situation and its management in different countries is of vital importance regarding global health issues and may serve for feedback and decision-making.
Centralizers of derived-from-Anosov systems on : rigidity versus triviality
Authors: GAN SHAOBO , SHI YI , XU DISHENG , ZHANG JINHUA
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we study the centralizer of a partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism on
${\mathbb T}^3$
which is homotopic to an Anosov automorphism, and we show that either its centralizer is virtually trivial or such diffeomorphism is smoothly conjugate to its linear part.
Convergence of the Birkhoff normal form sometimes implies convergence of a normalizing transformation
Authors: DE LA LLAVE RAFAEL , SAPRYKINA MARIA
Published: August 2021

Consider an analytic Hamiltonian system near its analytic invariant torus
$\mathcal T_0$
carrying zero frequency. We assume that the Birkhoff normal form of the Hamiltonian at
$\mathcal T_0$
is convergent and has a particular form: it is an analytic function of its non-degenerate quadratic part. We prove that in this case there is an analytic canonical transformation—not just a formal power series—bringing the Hamiltonian into its Birkhoff normal form.
Cloacal temperature responses of broiler chickens administered with fisetin and probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and exposed to heat stress
Authors: Sumanu Victory O. , Aluwong Tagang , Ayo Joseph O. , Ogbuagu Ngozi E.
Published: August 2021

There is dearth information on the role of fisetin as an antistress agent in ameliorating heat stress in broiler chickens. Here, we experimentally compared probiotic, an antioxidant and antistress agent, with fisetin, an antioxidant agent with little or no report on its antistress effect. Sixty-day-old broiler chickens (Arbo Acre breed) were allotted into 4 groups of 15 birds each as follows; control, fisetin, probiotic, and fisetin + probiotic groups, respectively. All administrations were performed orally through gavage for the treatment groups. The environmental and cloacal temperature (CT) parameters were measured bi-hourly at Days 21, 28, and 35 from 7:00 to 7:00 hr, during the period of study. The environmental parameters exceeded the thermoneutral zone for broiler chickens. The probiotic-supplemented group had the least overall mean CT values all through the experimental period. Based on our findings, fisetin was not a potent antistress agent in mitigating heat stress in birds.
Policy Dialogue: The Problems and Promises of Higher Education in the United States
Authors: Goldrick-Rab Sara , Labaree David
Published: August 2021

Nearly 70 percent of American students enroll in postsecondary education immediately after graduating high school. Yet college and university completion rates remain highly disparate across social and economic groups. White students in the US are 20 percent more likely than Black and Latino students to graduate, and students from high-income backgrounds are roughly five times more likely to graduate than their lower-income peers. As a result, many students leave higher education without a degree, bearing debt that cannot be discharged through bankruptcy. The upshot is that much of the $1.7 trillion in student loan obligations today is held by those who cannot afford to repay it—an immediate crisis for millions of individuals and a looming threat to the US economy. How did we arrive at this juncture? And what should we do from here?

For this Policy Dialogue, the HEQ editors asked Sara Goldrick-Rab and David Labaree to explore the past, present, and future of pressing issues facing American higher education. Goldrick-Rab is professor of sociology and medicine at Temple University as well as President and Founder of the Hope Center for College, Community, and Justice in Philadelphia. She is also the chief strategy officer for emergency aid at Edquity, a student financial success and emergency aid company, and founder of Believe in Students, a nonprofit distributing emergency aid. Labaree is a past president of the History of Education Society and the Lee L. Jacks Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. Their dialogue takes readers on a quick and heady jaunt across time, across the country, and across almost all institutional types in higher education.

HEQ Policy Dialogues are, by design, intended to promote an informal, free exchange of ideas between scholars. At the end of the exchange, we offer a list of references for readers who wish to follow up on sources relevant to the discussion.
The Right to Residency: Mobility, Tuition, and Public Higher Education Access
Authors: Walsh Camille
Published: August 2021

This article argues that the now-widespread US practice of residency-based tuition differentials for public higher education institutions is a twentieth-century form of higher education exceptionalism carved out in law and state policy, contradicting otherwise cherished and protected rights of free movement. This contradiction has been enabled in part by the vague standard of constitutional protection for the right to interstate mobility and in part by fiscal deference to public universities that quickly recognized the potential benefits of higher nonresident tuition rates. By both defining higher education as outside of the “necessities of life” and upholding a narrative that the children of state residents had a special entitlement to lower tuition as a kind of “legacy” taxpayer inheritance, courts, legislatures, and educational institutions built a modern higher education finance structure that discriminates against the mobility of “newcomers” and any student with a complicated family structure or residency status.
Challenges in hospital-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surveillance and attribution of infection source
Authors: Lewis Sarah S. , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Seidelman Jessica , Anderson Deverick J. , Moehring Rebekah W. , Smith Becky A. ,   for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: August 2021

We performed surveillance for hospital-acquired COVID-19 (HA-COVID-19) and compared time-based, electronic definitions to real-time adjudication of the most likely source of acquisition. Without real-time adjudication, nearly 50% of HA-COVID-19 cases identified using electronic definitions were misclassified. Both electronic and traditional contact tracing methods likely underestimated the incidence of HA-COVID-19.
Immobility and crisis: rethinking migrants’ journeys through Libya to Europe
Authors: Achtnich Marthe
Published: August 2021

Much work on recent unauthorized migration via Libya to Europe – often framed as a migration ‘crisis’ – is focused on linear movement, isolated snapshots and points of arrival on European shores. Migrants’ experiences along their journeys and prior to arriving in Europe, important for their future mobilities, are neglected. By highlighting multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in Libya and Malta, this paper calls for an analytical focus on immobilities along the journey, so as to develop a more nuanced account of the lived experiences of mobile life. Immobility retrieves situations and relations erased by linear accounts of migration. When looked at in comparative terms through the journey, immobility reveals the variegated forces that shape mobile life.
Political taste: Exploring how perception of bitter substances may reveal risk tolerance and political preferences
Authors: Friesen Amanda , Ksiazkiewicz Aleksander , Gothreau Claire
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Risk is endemic to the political arena and influences citizen engagement. We explore this connection by suggesting that risk-taking may be biologically instantiated in sensory systems. With specific attention to gender and gender identity, we investigate the connections between self-reported bitter taste reception, risk tolerance, and both of their associations with political participation. In three U.S. samples collected in 2019 and 2020, participants were asked to rate their preferences from lists of foods as well as whether they detected the taste of the substance N-Propylthiouracil (PROP) and, if so, the strength of the taste. In this registered report, we find that self-reported bitter taste preference, but not PROP detection, is positively associated with higher levels of risk tolerance as well as political participation. The pattern with gender and gender identity is mixed across our samples, but interestingly, we find that sex-atypical gender identity positively predicts political participation.
Darwin and American public administration
Authors: Slomski Benjamin
Published: August 2021

Abstract

This research note addresses a gap in the public administration literature by arguing that a political Darwinism was present in the intellectual origins of American administrative theory. By examining the arguments of Woodrow Wilson, this article demonstrates that Darwinism complemented the German political thought that contributed to the establishment of America’s administrative state. The application of Darwinian evolutionary biology to politics was a vital element of Wilson’s reconceptualization of the state as a living organism. Darwinism was a key rhetorical tool employed by Wilson in his argument against the Constitution’s separation of powers. This note finds that Darwinism was present in the early stages of public administration theory in Wilson’s argumentation and persists today in the public administration literature. It concludes by sketching out an agenda for further research on Darwinism’s influence on public administration.
“A verry poor place for our doctrine”: Religion and Race in the 1853 Mormon Mission to Jamaica
Authors: Jones Christopher Cannon
Published: August 2021

This article examines the first Mormon mission to Jamaica in January 1853. The missionaries, facing opposition from both black and white Jamaicans, returned to the United States after only a month on the island, having made only four converts. Latter-day Saints did not return to Jamaica for another 125 years. Drawing on the missionaries’ personal papers, church archives, local newspaper reports, and governmental records, I argue that the 1853 mission played a crucial role in shaping nineteenth-century Mormonism's racial theology, including the “temple and priesthood ban” that restricted priesthood ordination and temple worship for black men and women. While historians have rightly noted the role twentieth-century missions to regions of the African Diaspora played in ending the ban, studies of the racial restriction's early scope have been discussed in almost exclusively American contexts. The mission to Jamaica, precisely because of its failure, helped shape the ban's implementation and theological justifications. Failing to make any inroads, the elders concluded that both Jamaica and its inhabitants were cursed and not worthy of the missionaries’ time, which anticipated later decisions to prioritize preaching to whites and to scale back and ultimately abandon efforts to proselytize people of African descent.
The prognostic value of the Controlling Nutritional Status score on patients undergoing nephrectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma or renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Junhao , Cao Dehong , Peng Zhufeng , Song Pan , Liu Zhenghuan , Yang Luchen , Wang Linchun , Zhou Jing , Wei Qiang , Dong Qiang
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score has increasingly became an effective indicator associated with tumor prognosis. This study was conducted to synthesise data on the prognostic value of CONUT score on patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) or renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing nephrectomy. We designed and performed a systematic analysis of studies that verified the correlation between preoperative CONUT score and prognosis for UTUC and RCC using PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. The conclusion was clarified by pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Subgroup analysis were further conducted in accordance with different primary tumor. Six studies involving 3529 patients were included in this evidence synthesis, which revealed that the CONUT score had a potential role to predict the survival of UTUC and RCC patients accepting surgery. Pooled analysis showed that the overall survival (OS, HR 2·32, p < 0·0001), cancer-specific survival (CSS, HR 2·68, p < 0·0001) and disease-free survival (DFS, HR 1·62, p < 0·00001) were inferior in the high CONUT score group when compared with low score group. Subgroup analysis revealed that this result was in line with UTUC (OS: HR 1·86, p = 0·02; CSS: HR 2·24, p = 0·01; DFS: HR 1·54, p < 0·00001) and RCC (OS: HR 3·05, p < 0·00001; CSS: HR 3·47, p < 0·00001; DFS: HR 2·21, p = 0·0005) patients respectively. Consequently, the CONUT score is a valuable preoperative index to predict the survival of patients with UTUC or RCC undergoing nephrectomy.
Late Ordovician fore-arc ophiolitic mélange in the southern margin of the Bainaimiao arc: constraints from zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes and geochemical analyses
Authors: Meng Yun-Xi , Zhang Zhi-Cheng , Tang Jian-Zhou , Zhang Huai-Hui , Wang Qi , Ding Cong
Published: August 2021

The Harihada–Chegendalai ophiolitic mélange, which is located between the Bainaimiao arc and the North China Craton, holds significant clues regarding the tectonic setting of the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The ophiolitic mélange is mainly composed of gabbroic and serpentinized ultramafic rocks. Here, zircon U–Pb dating, in situ zircon Hf isotopic, whole-rock geochemical and in situ mineral chemical data from the ophiolitic mélange are reported. The zircons in the gabbroic rocks yielded concordia U–Pb ages of 450–448 Ma and exhibited slightly positive ϵHf(t) values (0.87–4.34). The geochemical characteristics of the gabbroic rocks indicate that they were generated from a mantle wedge metasomatized by subduction-derived melts from sediments with continental crust contamination, in a fore-arc tectonic setting. These rocks also experienced the accumulation of plagioclase. The geochemical characteristics of the ultramafic rocks and their Cr-spinels indicate that they may constitute part of residual mantle that has experienced a high degree of partial melting and has interacted with fluids/melts released from the subducted slab in the same fore-arc tectonic setting. The ophiolitic mélange may therefore have formed in this fore-arc tectonic setting, resulting from the northward subduction of the South Bainaimiao Ocean beneath the Bainaimiao arc during Late Ordovician time, prior to the collision between the Bainaimiao arc and the North China Craton during the Silurian to Carboniferous periods.
Vocal Arrangements: Technology, Aurality, and Authority in Qur'anic Recording
Authors: VanderMeulen Ian
Published: August 2021

This article uses ethnography of a studio recording project underway at a Qur'anic school in Salé, Morocco, to offer new insight on sound, media, and religious authority in Islamic contexts. The aim of the project is to record the entire Qur'an incorporating all of its seven canonical, variant readings (qirā’āt), which are enjoying a small renaissance in Morocco. Several of the school's faculty, known as shaykhs, engaged as expert listeners and overseers of the process. I show how a historical model of such expert listenership, which I call “aural authority,” is transformed by the technologies of the studio and then dispersed across a collective of productive agents that includes the reciter and the sound engineer. I argue that these transformations, along with erasure of the shaykh's role from the medium of circulation—the recording—presents significant challenges to the broaderqirā’āttradition and raises questions about its future.
Revising the Population History of the Kingdom of Kongo
Authors: Thornton John K.
Published: August 2021

Research conducted into the demography of the Kingdom of Kongo some forty years ago, employing baptismal statistics left by missionaries, has been in need of revision thanks to challenges by more recent scholarship. This article revises the estimated population of Kongo by addressing these challenges, drawing on newly discovered documentary sources. Using this new evidence, the estimate for the kingdom's population in the mid-seventeenth century has been elevated from 509,000 to around 790,000. The original article's claims about levels of fertility and mortality have been retained. The article also addresses questions concerning the validity of missionary statistics and the impact of the slave trade, which was small before 1700 but then increasingly large thereafter, reaching very high levels by the early nineteenth century. While a quantitative estimate of the later population is not possible given the limitations of sources for this period, it is likely that the population of the kingdom fell as slave exports peaked.
Corvée Capitalism: The Dutch East India Company, Colonial Expansion, and Labor Regimes in Early Modern Asia
Authors: van Rossum Matthias , Tosun Merve
Published: August 2021

This article revisits our understanding of corvée labor regimes and their role and impact in the early expansion of colonialism and capitalism. Rather than remnants of feudal pasts, or in-kind taxation or revenue instruments of weak colonial powers, corvée regimes should be viewed as refined methods of colonial exploitation that provided colonial actors with more direct access to and control over the production of commercially interesting global commodities. This article explores and compares the corvée labor regimes employed and shaped by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the Moluccas, Sri Lanka, and Java. The article first addresses how to understand corvée and tributary relations as labor, production, and (political-)social regimes. Second, it explores and compares the organization and development of corvée labor relations in the context of the VOC in South and Southeast Asia. These corvée labor regimes reappear as crucial instruments in the expansion of (early) modern colonialism and capitalism, which could explain their widespread recurrence across the globe in the last few centuries.
Optimism without theism? Nagasawa on atheism, evolution, and evil
Authors: Kahane Guy
Published: August 2021

Nagasawa has argued that the suffering associated with evolution presents a greater challenge to atheism than to theism because that evil is incompatible with ‘existential optimism’ about the world – with seeing the world as an overall good place, and being thankful that we exist. I argue that even if atheism was incompatible with existential optimism in this way, this presents no threat to atheism. Moreover, it is unclear how the suffering associated with evolution could on its own undermine existential optimism. Links between Nagasawa's argument and the current debate about the axiology of (a)theism are also explored.
Impact of state of economic dependence and employment status on the self-perceived health of Indian elderly people across expenditure quintiles of households
Authors: Mondal Bidisha
Published: August 2021

Self-perceived health, a subjective assessment of health status, is influenced by state of economic independence and employment status after controlling for other demographic, social and health-related factors, particularly for elderly people as they tend to face discrimination in intra-household resource allocation. Being economically independent and employed increase the likelihood of elderly people rating their health as good/excellent compared to others and employment status came out as even more impactful. This study provides new insights by observing that across the expenditure quintile groups of the households, the importance of these variables varies as the bias in intra-household resource allocation against elderly people is supposed to increase with declining economic resources of the households. Economic independence improves the likelihood of rating one's health as good/excellent in the lowest expenditure quintile much more compared to those in the uppermost expenditure quintile. For employed too, the positive influence of employment status on self-perceived health of elderly people has been strictly increasing as we move down the expenditure quintiles of households.
Survival and community care use by care home residents in England: does mental health matter?
Authors: Tsiachristas Apostolos , Broad Antoinette , Coates Alice , Singh Surya , Fossey Jane
Published: August 2021

The aim was to provide evidence of mortality and community care costs of people living in care homes and to investigate its association with mental health based on the Mental Health Clustering Tool (MHCT). In an observational study, 5,782 residents living in 104 care homes were followed from 2014 to 2016. Residents were categorised into four groups using the MCHT: three with mental health conditions, ‘non-psychotic’, ‘psychotic’ or ‘organic’; and one without mental health conditions, ‘non-clustered’. Generalised estimating equations were used to explore associations between mean community care costs over 6 months per patient and the clustering of residents into the four groups. Differences in survival rates of residents were plotted using Kaplan–Meier curves and tested with the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. Community care costs were similar among residents with dementia (£431) and without mental health conditions (£407), while costs were higher among residents with non-psychotic (£762) and psychotic (£1,724) mental health conditions. After adjusting for patient and care home characteristics, residents with dementia were 30 per cent less likely to die compared with residents without mental health conditions. Similarly, residents with psychotic conditions and residents with non-psychotic conditions were 25 and 20 per cent less likely to die, respectively, than residents without mental health conditions. The MHCT seems to provide an informative stratification of care home residents with regards to survival and community care use.
Kinematic modeling and solution of rigid-flexible and variable-diameter underwater continuous manipulator with load
Authors: Yang Chen , Xu He , Li Xin , Yu Fengshu
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a method to solve the kinematics of a rigid-flexible and variable-diameter continuous manipulator. The multi-segment underwater manipulator is driven by McKibben water hydraulic artificial muscle (WHAM). Considering the effect of elasticity and friction, we optimized the static mathematical model of WHAM. The kinematic model of the manipulator with load is established based on the hypothesis of piecewise constant curvature (PCC). We developed an optimization algorithm to calculate the length of the WHAMs according to the principle of minimum strain energy and obtain the configuration space parameters of the kinematic model. Based on the infinitesimal method, the homogeneous transformation matrices of the variable-diameter bending sections are computed, and the terminal position and attitude are obtained. In this paper, we studied the working space of the manipulator by quantitative analysis of the impact factors including pressure and load. A deep neural network (DNN) with six hidden layers is designed to solve inverse kinematics. The forward kinematic results are used to train and test the DNN, and the correlation coefficient between the output and target samples reaches 0.945. We carried out an underwater experiment and verified the effectiveness of the kinematic modeling and solution method.
WORKING MEMORY CAPACITY AND L2 READING
Authors: In’nami Yo , Hijikata Yuko , Koizumi Rie
Published: August 2021

The relationship between working memory (WM) and second-language (L2) reading has been extensively examined, with mixed results. Our meta-analysis models the potential impact of underresearched variables considered to moderate this relationship. Results from 74 studies (228 correlations) showed a significant, small relationship between WM and L2 reading (r = .300). Of the eight moderators examined, the WM–L2 reading relationship differed between studies using first-language (L1) and L2 WM tasks and between studies reporting and not reporting WM task reliability. Methodological features of reading comprehension measures or learners’ proficiency did not moderate the relationship. These results suggest that measurement practices of WM—rather than L2 reading measures or learner characteristics—matter in understanding the WM–L2 reading relationship. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Linear and non-linear combination forecasting model of varicella incidence in Chongqing
Authors: Qiu Hongfang , Zhao Han , Chen Qi , Wang Qiyin , Ou Rong , Ye Mengliang
Published: August 2021

Varicella is a highly infectious contagious disease, and Chongqing is one of the high incidence areas in China. To understand the epidemic regularity and predict the epidemic trend of varicella is of great significance to the risk analysis and health resource allocation in the health sector. First, we used the ‘STL’ function to decompose the incidence of varicella to understand its trend and seasonality. Second, we established SARIMA model for linear fitting, and then took the residual of the SARIMA model as the sample to fit the LS-SVM model, to explain the non-linearity of the residuals. The monthly varicella incidence peaks in April to June and October to December. Mixed model was compared to SARIMA model, the prediction error of the hybrid model was smaller, and the RMSE and MAPE values of the hybrid model were 0.7525 and 0.0647, respectively, the mixed model had a better prediction effect. Based on the study, the incidence of varicella in Chongqing has an obvious seasonal trend, and a hybrid model can also predict the incidence of varicella well. Thus, hybrid model analysis is a feasible and simple method to predict varicella in Chongqing.
Cardiogenic shock with complete heart block secondary to dengue myocarditis requiring temporary pacing
Authors: Mohd Ramdzan Muhammad Yusoff , Mohd Khalid Khairul Faizah , Che Mood Marhisham
Published: August 2021

This case illustrates acute myocarditis with complete heart block in a 13-year-old teenager as a rare complication of acute dengue illness. He required urgent temporary pacing with inotropic support and antifailure medications. Complete heart block in dengue myocarditis is an acute but reversible condition. A similar presentation in a dengue-endemic country or with a history of travelling to tropical countries warrants a suspicion of dengue infection.
Association between Chromatin Structural Organization of Peripheral Blood Neutrophils and Self-Perceived Mental Stress: Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix Analysis
Authors: Topalovic Nikola , Mazic Sanja , Nesic Dejan , Vukovic Olivera , Cumic Jelena , Laketic Darko , Stasevic Karlicic Ivana , Pantic Igor
Published: August 2021

Methods based on the evaluation of textural patterns in microscopy, such as the “gray-level co-occurrence matrix” (GLCM) analysis are modern and innovative computer and mathematical algorithms that can be used to quantify subtle structural changes in cells and their organelles. Potential application of GLCM method in the fields of psychophysiology and psychiatry to this date has not been systematically investigated. The main objective of our study was to test the existence and strength of the association between chromatin structural organization of peripheral blood neutrophils and levels of self-perceived mental stress. The research was done on a sample of 100 healthy student athletes, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) were used for the estimation of psychological distress. Chromatin textural homogeneity and uniformity were negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with mental distress and had relatively good discriminatory power in differentiating participants with normal and elevated stress levels. As an addition, we propose the creation of a machine learning model based on binomial logistic regression that uses these and other GLCM features to predict stress elevation. To the best of our knowledge, these results are one of the first to establish the link between neutrophil chromatin structural organization quantified by the GLCM method and indicators of normal psychological functioning.
Historicism, Religionsgeschichte, and the Rhetoric of Eschatology
Authors: Weidner Daniel
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the central role of the history of religion in the debate on the so-called “crisis of historicism” during the first half of the twentieth century. I argue that the seemingly marginal question of how to write the history of religion informs major debates about the writing of history and history's place in culture. Focusing on Ernst Troeltsch's On Historical and Dogmatical Method in Theology (1900) and Rudolf Bultmann's History and Eschatology (1955), I analyze how theological and historical arguments and concepts interact in their respective histories of religion. According to Troeltsch, the methods of contemporary Religionsgeschichte (history of religion) undermine not only theological dogma but also such common historicist categories as “reason,” “teleology,” or “essence.” Bultmann, using similar methods, develops a similar critique based on the idea of “historicity,” i.e. an anthropological fundament of understanding oneself historically. Here too, the simple and linear understanding of history is called into question by a decidedly religious element, namely eschatology understood as a radically different temporality. Both cases thus show how tightly religious problems, theological arguments, and historical methods are interwoven, and how much our understanding of history, religion, and their mutual relations is informed by this entanglement.
A University in Zion: Max Weber and Gershom Scholem on Jewish Eschatology and Academic Labor
Authors: Almog Yael
Published: August 2021

In his “Science as Vocation,” Weber equates rational academic conduct with Jewish ethics. For Weber, the Jewish tradition, which separates moral conduct from messianism, is emblematic of scientists’ strenuous distinction of empiricism from metaphysics. The emergence of a Zionist university in Jerusalem, an institute that was positioned as a part of a Jewish nation-building project, complicated this parallel. This article examines Gershom Scholem's activist approach to Jewish studies as a fundamental revision of the Weberian model of scholarship with the significant role that this model destines to the Jewish tradition. Scholem's vision of scholarship at the Zionist university constitutes Jewish eschatology as a pillar of a scholastic national tradition. Scholem's portrayal of Jewish messianism as an insular tradition overturns Weber's portrayal of Jewish ethics as a lesson for Western academia. Reading Scholem with Weber shows that the enterprise of founding a university in Jerusalem ran counter to European liberal conceptions of Judaism. Moreover, reading them together shows Scholem's notion of academic labor to reinstitute a separatist theological ethos as a formative model for scholarship.
Agricultural Expansion, Soil Degradation, and Fertilization in Portugal, 1873–1960: From History to Soil and Back Again
Authors: Carmo Miguel , Domingos Tiago
Published: August 2021

This research explains what happened to agricultural soil fertility during the “Campanha do Trigo” (Wheat Campaign) in Portugal, which began in 1929. It is commonly understood that the excessive expansion of wheat crops during the fascist “Estado Novo” (New State) regime led to the degradation of soils in the southern half of Portugal. This relationship, however, has never been questioned before. This article extends the narrative back into the last half of the nineteenth century in search of the origin of processes that gradually intensified throughout the country. In short, expansion of the cultivated area in association with the inadequate intensification of crop rotations over about 80 years, from the 1870s onward, including in non-wheat areas, strongly accentuated soil erosion and made organic fertilization progressively less effective. These transformations were only partially offset by chemical fertilization. Nitrogen and phosphorus were the key factors in this historical process. Focusing on the cultivation system and soil dynamics allows the successive integration of various kinds of historical evidence and sources. From an environmental question—why did agricultural soil degrade?—this article explores soil degradation over time and space, and assesses its social and biophysical impacts. At the same time, it addresses the history of agriculture in Portugal and its disciplinary foundations.
Körperliche Aktivitäten für Menschen mit psychiatrischen Phänomenen
Authors: Cortesi Allesandra , Grieser Manuela
Published: August 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bekannt?

Sport und Bewegung sind wichtige Ressourcen, die psychiatrische Symptome verbessern können und die Körperwahrnehmung stärken.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Sport und Bewegung kann auf verschiedenen Ebenen und mit verschiedenen Zielsetzungen den Klienten nähergebracht werden, so werden auch diejenigen erreicht, die keine Erfahrung in diesem Bereich haben oder den Umgang meiden.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Gesundheitsfachpersonen stehen drei Stufen von Bewegungsarten zur Verfügung: 1) Ausdauer- und Kraftsportarten, 2) Entspannungssportarten, 3) Achtsame Übungen, Atemübungen und Polyvagalübungen, um ihre Klient_innen zu erreichen. Jede der Sport- oder Bewegungsarten hat eine andere Auswirkung auf den Körper – sei es neurobiologisch, physisch, sozial oder psychisch.
Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and phase 1a study of bisthianostat, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhou Yu-bo , Zhang Yang-ming , Huang Hong-hui , Shen Li-jing , Han Xiao-feng , Hu Xiao-bei , Yu Song-da , Gao An-hui , Sheng Li , Su Ming-bo , Wei Xiao-li , Zhang Yue , Zhang Yi-fan , Gao Zhi-wei , Chen Xiao-yan , Nan Fa-jun , Li Jia , Hou Jian
Published: August 2021

HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have been intensively studied for their roles and potential as drug targets in T-cell lymphomas and other hematologic malignancies. Bisthianostat is a novel bisthiazole-based pan-HDACi evolved from natural HDACi largazole. Here, we report the preclinical study of bisthianostat alone and in combination with bortezomib in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), as well as preliminary first-in-human findings from an ongoing phase 1a study. Bisthianostat dose dependently induced acetylation of tubulin and H3 and increased PARP cleavage and apoptosis in RPMI-8226 cells. In RPMI-8226 and MM.1S cell xenograft mouse models, oral administration of bisthianostat (50, 75, 100 mg·kg-1·d-1, bid) for 18 days dose dependently inhibited tumor growth. Furthermore, bisthianostat in combination with bortezomib displayed synergistic antitumor effect against RPMI-8226 and MM.1S cell in vitro and in vivo. Preclinical pharmacokinetic study showed bisthianostat was quickly absorbed with moderate oral bioavailability (F% = 16.9%–35.5%). Bisthianostat tended to distribute in blood with Vss value of 0.31 L/kg. This distribution parameter might be beneficial to treat hematologic neoplasms such as MM with few side effects. In an ongoing phase 1a study, bisthianostat treatment was well tolerated and no grade 3/4 nonhematological adverse events (AEs) had occurred together with good pharmacokinetics profiles in eight patients with relapsed or refractory MM (R/R MM). The overall single-agent efficacy was modest, stable disease (SD) was identified in four (50%) patients at the end of first dosing cycle (day 28). These preliminary in-patient results suggest that bisthianostat is a promising HDACi drug with a comparable safety window in R/R MM, supporting for its further phase 1b clinical trial in combination with traditional MM therapies.
Rising levels of antioxidative phyllobilins in stored agricultural produce and their impact on consumer acceptance
Authors: Karg Cornelia A. , Neubig Christina M. , Roosen Jutta , Moser Simone
Published: August 2021

Consumers often throw away faded greens, because taste and appearance are less appealing compared to fresh ones. We report here a family of antioxidants, the phyllobilins, which increase during storage in iceberg lettuce and cucumber. We show that informing consumers about rising levels of phyllobilins leads to a longer willingness to consume faded lettuce and to an improved health and safety perception.
Quorum sensing systems and related virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from chicken meat and ground beef
Authors: İnat Gökhan , Sırıken Belgin , Başkan Ceren , Erol İrfan , Yıldırım Tuba , Çiftci Alper
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate 50 [chicken meat (n = 45) and ground beef (n = 5)] Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to determine the expression of the lasI and rhl QS systems, related virulence factors, and the presence of N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (AHL: 3-O-C12-HSL). For the isolation and identification of P. aeruginosa, conventional culture and oprL gene-based molecular techniques were used. In relation to QS systems, eight genes consisting of four intact and four internal (lasI/R, rhlI/R) genes were analyzed with PCR assay. The two QS systems genes in P. aeruginosa isolates from ground beef (80.00%) and chicken meat (76.00%) were present at quite high levels. The 3-O-C12-HSL was detected in 14.00% of the isolates. Both biofilm formation and motility were detected in 98.00% of the isolates. Protease activity was determined in 54.00% of the isolates. Pyocyanin production was detected in 48.00% of the isolates. The las system scores strongly and positively correlated with the rhl system (p ˂ .01). PYA moderately and positively correlated with protease (p ˂ .05). In addition, there was statistically significance between lasI and protease activity (p < .10), and rhlI and twitching motility (p < .10). In conclusion, the high number of isolates having QS systems and related virulence factors are critical for public health. Pyocyanin, protease, and biofilm formation can cause spoilage and play essential role in food spoilage and food safety.
Simulation of solute transport behaviors in saturated karst aquifer system
Authors: Chu Xuewei , Ding Hanghang , Zhang Xuemei
Published: August 2021

The karst development makes aquifer have strong anisotropy and heterogeneity. In order to reveal the characteristics of solute transport in the karst fissure–conduit aquifer system, this study presents a physical model of fissure–conduit in laboratory experiments to carry out the solute transport simulation. In this paper, the tracer tests of fissure–conduit combination, fissure, and conduit solute transport process in saturated flow are designed. We found that different aquifer structures and tracer injection points have an influence on the shape of the breakthrough curve. Besides, the two-dimensional dispersion model of tracer injection of the instantaneous point was used to calculate the dispersion parameters of each group of experiments. Then, the dynamic responses of the linear distance (x) between the injection point and the receiving point, initial time (t0), peak time (tm), peak concentration (cm), average tracer transport velocity (V), and porosity (p) of aqueous media to the longitudinal dispersion coefficient are discussed. In addition, according to the measured data, Gaussian multi-peak fitting can be used to reflect the overall shape and change trend of the multi-peak BTC. These results demonstrate the solute transport behaviors in the saturated karst aquifer system, which have important reference significance for solving the engineering environmental problems in the karst area.
Longitudinal stability of urinary extracellular vesicle protein patterns within and between individuals
Authors: Erozenci Leyla A. , Piersma Sander R. , Pham Thang V. , Bijnsdorp Irene V. , Jimenez Connie R.
Published: August 2021

The protein content of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) is considered to be an attractive non-invasive biomarker source. However, little is known about the consistency and variability of urinary EV proteins within and between individuals over a longer time-period. Here, we evaluated the stability of the urinary EV proteomes of 8 healthy individuals at 9 timepoints over 6 months using data-independent-acquisition mass spectrometry. The 1802 identified proteins had a high correlation amongst all samples, with 40% of the proteome detected in every sample and 90% detected in more than 1 individual at all timepoints. Unsupervised analysis of top 10% most variable proteins yielded person-specific profiles. The core EV-protein-interaction network of 516 proteins detected in all measured samples revealed sub-clusters involved in the biological processes of G-protein signaling, cytoskeletal transport, cellular energy metabolism and immunity. Furthermore, gender-specific expression patterns were detected in the urinary EV proteome. Our findings indicate that the urinary EV proteome is stable in longitudinal samples of healthy subjects over a prolonged time-period, further underscoring its potential for reliable non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
The effect of electrode shape on Schottky barrier and electric field distribution of flexible ZnO photodiode
Authors: Jezeh Zahra Aminrayai , Efafi Babak , Ghafary Bijan
Published: August 2021

In this study, the effect of electrode shape difference on the height of the Schottky barrier and the electric field in flexible photodiodes (PDs) has been investigated. For this purpose, three different electrode designs were prepared on three flexible FR4 layers that were coated with Zinc Oxide (ZnO). The printing circuit board (PCB) method was used to create these copper electrodes. The asymmetry of the PD electrodes and the difference in the height of the Schottky barrier has led to the creation of self-powered PDs. The effect of the amount and shape of the distribution of internal electric fields generated in the PDs and its effect on the parameters of the PDs has been investigated with the help of simulations performed in COMSOL software. The photocurrent of the sample with circular and rectangular electrodes was equal to 470 µA in 15 V bias, which was twice as good as a sample with an interdigitated MSM structure. Also, this sample had the best response time among these three samples, which was equal to 440 ms.
No association between serum uric acid and lumbar spine bone mineral density in US adult males: a cross sectional study
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Li Lianju , Yang Lixian , Yang Jiaxun , Lu Hua
Published: August 2021

Available evidence linking serum uric acid (SUA) and bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial, and data on this association are limited among adult men in the general population. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of SUA with lumbar spine BMD in US adult males. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999–2006) database. Multivariate linear regression analyses were employed to assess the association of SUA with lumbar spine BMD, considering complex survey design and sampling weights. Through rigorous eligibility criteria, a total of 6704 individuals were yielded for final data analysis (average age, 40.5 years; 70.6% white). After fully adjusting potential confounders, no associations were detected between SUA and lumbar spine BMD [β (95% confidence interval, CI), − 0.003 (− 0.007, 0.002)]. Additionally, similar results were observed in all stratification analyses, and no interactions were found based on all priori specifications. In brief, our findings did not provide an inspiring clue for the hypothesis that SUA may be beneficial to lumbar spine BMD. Future more prospective studies are needed to further explore the causal relationship of SUA with lumbar spine BMD.
Clinical outcomes of combined Preserflo Microshunt implantation and cataract surgery in open-angle glaucoma patients
Authors: Martínez-de-la-Casa José M. , Saenz-Francés Federico , Morales-Fernandez Laura , Perucho Lucia , Mendez Carmen , Fernandez-Vidal Ana , Garcia-Saenz Sofía , Sanchez-Jean Ruben , García-Feijoo Julian
Published: August 2021

To assess the effectiveness and safety of the Preserflo Microshunt (PMS) implantation combined with cataract surgery in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients. Retrospective, open-label study conducted on insufficiently controlled OAG patients, who underwent a PMS implant procedure with mitomycin-C 0.2%, either alone or in combination with cataract surgery, and were followed for at least 12 months. Success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 18 mmHg and a reduction of at least 20% without (complete) or with (qualified) hypotensive medication. Fifty-eight eyes were included in the study, 35 eyes underwent PMS alone and 23 underwent PMS + Phaco. In the overall study sample, mean IOP was significantly lowered from 21.5 ± 3.3 mmHg at baseline to 14.6 ± 3.5 mmHg at month 12 (p < 0.0001). The IOP was significantly reduced in both groups; p < 0.0001 each, respectively. Ocular hypotensive medication was significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) in both groups. No significant differences were observed in IOP lowering or medication reduction between groups. At month 12, 62.1% eyes were considered as complete success and 82.8% eyes as qualified success. The most common adverse events were device close-to-endothelium, conjunctival fibrosis, and wound leakage. PMS, either alone or in combination with phacoemulsification, may be considered as a valuable option for treating OAG patients.