bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Implant Failure in Partial Wrist Fusion Applying Magnesium-Based Headless Bone Screws
Authors: Wichelhaus Alice , Emmerich Judith , Mittlmeier Thomas
Published: October 2016

This article presents a case of implant failure resulting in mechanical instability of a scaphotrapezotrapezoideal arthrodesis using magnesium-based headless bone screws. During revision surgery osteolysis surrounding the screws was observed as well as degraded screw threads already in existence at 6 weeks after implantation. The supposed osseous integration attributed to magnesium-based screws could not be reproduced in this particular case. Thus, it can be reasoned that the use of magnesium-based screws for partial wrist arthrodesis cannot be encouraged, at least not in dual use.
Synergistic Removal of Humic Acid in Water by Coupling Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation Using TiO2/Coconut Shell Powder Composite
Authors: Kim Jong Kyu , Jang Dae Gyu , Campos Luiza Cintra , Jung Yong Wook , Kim Jong-Ho , Joo Jin Chul
Published: October 2016

The feasibility of applying nanoscale TiO2/coconut shell powder (TCNSP) composite to remove HA in aqueous solution was evaluated, and the optimization of the photocatalytic systems using newly developed TCNSP composite was performed. The developed TCNSP composite has high specific surface area (i.e., 454 m2/g) and great porosity (i.e., 66.9%) with pore size of less than 5 μm. High removal efficiencies (≥95%) of HA were observed due to the significant synergistic effects by coupling adsorption and photocatalytic reaction of TCNSP composite. As the initial concentration of HA increased, the degradation rate (Kapp) decreased due to HA sorption saturation to the surface of TCNSP composite and the photon interception by HA molecules in aqueous solution. Since the increased loading amount of TCNSP composite enhanced the number of active sites,Kappvalues increased until the optimum loading amount of TCNSP composite. As pH values increased, HA removal efficiency decreased due to increasing electrostatic repulsion between HA and TCNSP composite. Based on the response surface methodology, higher HA removal efficiencies were obtained with acidic condition, longer reaction time, and appropriated loading amount of TCNSP. Further pilot-scale study is in progress using TCNSP composite combined with UVC to remove HA from large amounts of surface water (i.e., 200 m3/d).
Os Quadrinhos de Mawil: Relato de caso
Authors: Paim Augusto Machado
Published: October 2016

No segundo semestre de 2012, o quadrinista alemão Mawil morou um mês em Porto Alegre a convite do Goethe-Institut. Desse intercâmbio surgiu uma HQ curta sobre a cidade publicada no jornal Tagesspiegel, de Berlim, e reunida na coletânea The Singles Collection, livro recentemente lançado na Alemanha que reúne as melhores colunas do autor para o jornal. Essa HQ sobre Porto Alegre também foi traduzida e publicada na edição online do jornal Zero Hora, ainda em 2012. O presente artigo é um relato do tradutor sobre essa experiência, focando na grande diferença de públicos do original e da tradução e nas estratégias utilizadas para contornar o problema.
"Grito Noturno": sobre uma tradução literária ilustrada
Authors: Lentz Gleiton
Published: October 2016

Analisa-se o processo de feitura de uma tradução ilustrada, a HQ baseada no homônimo poema em prosa do poeta ítalo-argentino Severino Di Giovanni, intitulada “Grito Noturno” (2012), através de uma entrevista realizada com a ilustradora Aline Daka, e com base nos conceitos de palavras vs imagem, signo verbal vs signo não verbal, próprios da tradução intersemiótica.
Traduções osmosemióticas: escutando em alemão, falando em inglês e desenhando em português
Authors: Mastroberti Paula
Published: October 2016

Ensaio, a partir de Michel Foucault, Nicolas Bourriaud e da semiótica de Charles S. Peirce, entre outros, algumas reflexões sobre minha experiência como autora brasileira convidada pelo Instituto Goethe para produzir uma história em quadrinhos que de alguma forma refletisse a experiência de ter residido durante 30 dias em Berlim. A narrativa resultante, cujo título fiz questão de manter em alemão, Zwei Rosen in Berlin, procura justamente expressar não apenas o entrecruzamento linguístico vivido (português, inglês e alemão, idiomas dos quais me servi), mas também imaginário, em que o conhecido conto dos irmãos Grimm, Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot, conhecido por nós, brasileiros, como Rosa Branca e Rosa Vermelha, ao ser versado para a linguagem dos quadrinhos, adquire outras tonalidades ao assumir por cenário a capital alemã.
Development and Validation of an Automatic Segmentation Algorithm for Quantification of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Scherer Moritz , Cordes Jonas , Younsi Alexander , Sahin Yasemin-Aylin , Götz Michael , Möhlenbruch Markus , Stock Christian , Bösel Julian , Unterberg Andreas , Maier-Hein Klaus , Orakcioglu Berk
Published: October 2016

Background and Purpose—

ABC/2 is still widely accepted for volume estimations in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) despite known limitations, which potentially accounts for controversial outcome-study results. The aim of this study was to establish and validate an automatic segmentation algorithm, allowing for quick and accurate quantification of ICH.

Methods—

A segmentation algorithm implementing first- and second-order statistics, texture, and threshold features was trained on manual segmentations with a random-forest methodology. Quantitative data of the algorithm, manual segmentations, and ABC/2 were evaluated for agreement in a study sample (n=28) and validated in an independent sample not used for algorithm training (n=30).

Results—

ABC/2 volumes were significantly larger compared with either manual or algorithm values, whereas no significant differences were found between the latter (
P
<0.0001; Friedman+Dunn’s multiple comparison). Algorithm agreement with the manual reference was strong (concordance correlation coefficient 0.95 [lower 95% confidence interval 0.91]) and superior to ABC/2 (concordance correlation coefficient 0.77 [95% confidence interval 0.64]). Validation confirmed agreement in an independent sample (algorithm concordance correlation coefficient 0.99 [95% confidence interval 0.98], ABC/2 concordance correlation coefficient 0.82 [95% confidence interval 0.72]). The algorithm was closer to respective manual segmentations than ABC/2 in 52/58 cases (89.7%).

Conclusions—

An automatic segmentation algorithm for volumetric analysis of spontaneous ICH was developed and validated in this study. Algorithm measurements showed strong agreement with manual segmentations, whereas ABC/2 exhibited its limitations, yielding inaccurate overestimations of ICH volume. The refined, yet time-efficient, quantification of ICH by the algorithm may facilitate evaluation of clot volume as an outcome predictor and trigger for surgical interventions in the clinical setting.
What Does the “Arrow of Time” Mean?
Authors: Klein Étienne
Published: October 2016

One hundred and fifty years after the work of Ludwig Boltzmann on the interpretation of the irreversibility of physical phenomena, we are still not sure what we mean when we talk of “time” or the “arrow of time.” One source of this difficulty is our tendency to confuse time and becoming: that is, the course of time and the arrow of time, two concepts that the formalisms of physics do distinguish clearly. The course of time is represented by a line on which it is customary to place a small arrow that, ironically, must not be confused with the “arrow of time.” On the one hand, this small arrow indicates that the course of time is oriented. On the other hand, the arrow of time indicates the possibility for physical systems to experience, over the course of time, changes or transformations that prevent them from returning to their initial state forever.
The Threefold Root of Whiteheadian Temporality
Authors: Weber Michel
Published: October 2016

The author argues that all temporal (epi-)phenomena are grounded in the fact of a “creative advance into novelty,” which includes (1) thatgenuinenovelty appears in the world, (2) that past events do not completely vanish (their ontological status is changed,lowered, so to speak), and (3) that there is an upward trend in terms of the “intensity” or “value” of experience.

Five steps structure this paper: a short introduction to Whitehead’s blend of process thought; a contrasted specification of Whiteheadian creative advance and its three characters—creativity, efficacy, and vision; and, in conclusion, a meditation on the question of common sense.
The Secret of Long Tenure: A Study of Zheng Gangzhong’s Letters to Qin Gui’s Associates
Authors: Chu Ming-kin
Published: October 2016

This article offers a case study of the relationship between early Southern Song literati and the chief councilor Qin Gui (1090-1155) through an analysis of Zheng Gangzhong’s (1088-1154) epistolary network. It shows how Zheng, deputy pacification commissioner of Sichuan between 1142 and 1147, attempted to build good rapport with the councilor’s associates through correspondence. As suggested, it was essential for heads of regional governments like Zheng Gangzhong, who was vulnerable to accusations of abuse of authority, to ingratiate themselves with senior officials surrounding Qin Gui if they wished to enjoy a stable career. This group of senior officials, despite being constantly in flux because of Qin Gui’s efforts to protect his leadership, facilitated Qin’s prolonged dominance by linking him to high-ranking officials like Zheng Gangzhong without exposing him to the charge of promoting factionalism. 

Cet article propose une étude de cas sur les relations entre les lettrés du début des Song du Sud et le premier ministre Qin Gui (1090-1155) basée sur l’analyse du réseau épistolaire de Zheng Gangzhong (1088-1154). Il montre comment Zheng, vice-commissaire à la pacification au Sichuan de 1142 à 1147, s’efforçait d’établir par correspondance de bonnes relations avec les associés du premier ministre. Ainsi qu’il est suggéré, il était essentiel pour un chef de gouvernement régional comme Zheng, qui prêtait le flanc aux accusations d’abus d’autorité, d’être dans les bonnes grâces des fonctionnaires de haut rang entourant Qin Gui s’il voulait s’assurer une carrière stable. Bien qu’en renouvellement constant en raison des efforts de Qin Gui pour protéger son leadership, ce groupe de personnalités haut placées a aidé Qin à rester au pouvoir pendant de longues années en le liant à des hauts fonctionnaires comme Zheng Gangzhong, sans pour autant l’exposer à être dénoncé pour factionnalisme.
Evaluating ‘Access to Justice’ in Informal Justice Systems: A Suggestive Framework
Authors: de Souza Siddharth Peter
Published: October 2016

Establishing human rights benchmarks for a rigorous engagement with informal justice systems and plural legal orders has become a significant concern for the United Nations. Through resolutions of the General Assembly, attention has been drawn to ensuring that legal systems reflect cultural diversity and within the domain, especially of indigenous peoples’ rights, importance has been placed on securing and recognizing these distinct legal, socio-political, and cultural institutions because of their role as viable, accessible, affordable, and culturally relevant forms of dispute resolution. The UN Human Rights Committee has also observed that there should be interaction and reconciliation between formal and informal justice systems. This determination to engage with informal justice systems has also extended to the work of UN agencies such as UNDP, UN Women, and UNICEF who recognize that rule of law promotion must be responsive to the realities of countries where reform is to be undertaken, and should be carried out by focusing on developing bottom up approaches to reform. This paper responds to the increasing engagement with informal justice systems and a global audit culture by proposing a framework for evaluation that is reflective of these realities.
Balancing De Jure and De Facto Arctic Environmental Law Applied to the Oil and Gas Industry: Linking Indigenous Rights, Social Impact Assessment and Business in Greenland
Authors: Cassotta Sandra , Mazza Mauro
Published: October 2016

What will take place in the Arctic in the next decade will have consequences for us all, as the changing of the “Albedo effect” is altering the global climate, disrupting many equilibria both in the ecosystem and in the social sphere. Changes in the Arctic will not stay in the Arctic, but will affect the rest of the planet. The need to exploit resources, the emergence of new actors in the Arctic and the discovery of abundant oil, gas, mineral and renewable energy resources mean that we have to literally rethink and reconstruct the “Arctic” as a concept. Huge promises are made, but big questions are also raised about how we are to rethink and regulate our “blue planet.” A new regulatory framework is thus inevitable. This article deals with the social aspects of the climate change’s effects and the understanding of human adaptation to climate change by explaining how the problem of exploration and exploitation of oil and gas and their use by indigenous people are strictly interconnected with Social Impact Assessment (SIA) and environmental protection. The article focuses on the social dimension of climate change coupled with business development of oil and gas firms in the Arctic with Greenland as a case study to illustrate opportunities and tensions affecting the indigenous Greenlandic people. Some conclusions are drawn with the formulation of recommendations on the urgent need for direct participation of Arctic indigenous people in the decision-making policy creation on environmental protection measures and culture and advice on how to implement such recommendations. A solution to implement such recommendation would be to develop an interdisciplinary research programme to be implemented through an interdisciplinary research centre susceptible to be turned into an international organization after a certain period of working activity at the academic level.
The Inughuit of Northwest Greenland: An Unacknowledged Indigenous People
Authors: Ngiviu Terto
Published: October 2016

The Inughuit have already been forcibly removed from their grounds in 1953 when the US Military Airbase was established. In this connection, through the Supreme Court in 2003 the Inughuit were denied their claim to be a distinct indigenous people. This is mainly to do with Denmark has only acknowledged one indigenous people, the Inuit or Kalaallit of Greenland as they call themselves. However, in the most near future the Inughuit are facing relocation once more from their homeland Avanersuaq, this time to the concentration towns on the coast and their distinct culture may well disappear forever before being acknowledged by their own Government, even though they never call themselves for Kalaallit. This paper discusses how the Inughuit are culturally very different from Kalaallit. It also pays attention to the geopolitical demand and interest to invest in the Arctic.
Rising Waters, Rising Threats: The Human Trafficking of Indigenous Women in the Circumpolar Region of the United States and Canada
Authors: Sweet Victoria
Published: October 2016

Among indigenous people around the world, human trafficking is taking a tremendous toll. While trafficking is not an exclusively indigenous issue, disproportionately large numbers of indigenous people, particularly women, are modern trafficking victims. In Canada, several groups concerned about human trafficking have conducted studies primarily focused on the sex trade because many sex workers are actually trafficking victims under both domestic and international legal standards. These studies found that First Nations women and youth represent between 70 and 90% of the visible sex trade in areas where the Aboriginal population is less than 10%. Very few comparable studies have been conducted in the United States, but studies in both Minnesota and Alaska found similar statistics among U.S. indigenous women.

With the current interest in resource extraction, and other opportunities in the warming Arctic, people from outside regions are traveling north in growing numbers. This rise in outside interactions increases the risk that the indigenous women may be trafficked. Recent crime reports from areas that have had an influx of outsiders such as Williston, North Dakota, U.S. and Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, both part of the new oil boom, demonstrate the potential risks that any group faces when people with no community accountability enter an area. The combination of development in rural locations, the demographic shift of outsiders moving to the north, and the lack of close monitoring in this circumpolar area is a potential recipe for disaster for indigenous women in the region. This paper suggests that in order to protect indigenous women, countries and indigenous nations must acknowledge this risk and plan for ways to mitigate risk factors.
Adopting the Idea of State Governance in Planning for Social Organization Reform and Development
Authors: Wang Jianjun
Published: October 2016

The 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Party is a milestone in the important stage of China’s efforts to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and deepen reform and opening up in an all-around way. The modernization goal for the national governance system and capacity mentioned the Session establishes the important role of social organizations in governance. With the goal of modernized national governance system and capacity in mind, we should boost the reform and development of social organizations.
Les Dishannonies Tonales En Viet-Muong Et Leurs Implications Historiques
Authors: Ferlus Michel
Published: October 2016

Every era of paleographical studies has its own ideological problems. Prejudices of this nature already appear in Xu Shen's Shuowen jiezi during the Han period. The present paper is intended to examine, principally through various hypotheses proposed for the graphical analysis of the character di 帝 'Lord on High', some of the negative effects of ideological interference on Chinese paleography during the past hundred years as China celebrates this year's centennial of the discovery of the oracle bone inscriptions.
Expressives in Kam (Dong 侗): A study in sign typology (Part I)
Authors: GERNER Matthias
Published: October 2016

Like many Austro-Tai languages and many Sino-Tibetan languages, Kam (Dong 侗) exhibits a wealth of descriptive syllables after the verb or the adjective. These syllables, henceforth called expressives, are typically reduplicated and cover a wide range of functions such as grading, speed and manner modification, and various kinds of sound symbolism, metaphor, etc. I propose to view the expressive compound as a sign: the predicate-head functions as the signified and the expressive as the signifier. In fact, since the predicate-head itself has the classical Saussurean sign anatomy, the headexpressive compound presents the case of a complex sign or what I call a second-order sign. The attested types of relationship that hold between the signified and signifier spread across almost the whole spectrum of sign species recognized in the literature. This paper is the result of a survey of ca. 260 expressives and is one product of a long-term Kam dictionary project.
Expressives in Kam (Dong 侗): A study in sign typology (part 11)
Authors: GERNER Matthias
Published: October 2016

Like many Austro-Tai languages and many Sino-Tibetan languages, Kam (Dong 侗) exhibits a wealth of descriptive syllables after the verb or the adjective. These syllables, henceforth called expressives, are typically reduplicated and cover a wide range of functions such as grading, speed and manner modification, and various kinds of sound symbolism, metaphor, etc. I propose to view the expressive compound as a sign: the predicate-head functions as the signified and the expressive as the signifier. In fact, since the predicate-head itself has the classical Saussurean sign anatomy, the head-expressive compound presents the case of a complex sign or what I call a second-order sign. The attested types of relationship that hold between the signified and signifier spread across almost the whole spectrum of sign species recognized in the literature. This paper is the result of a survey of ca 260 expressives and is one of the achievements of a long-term Kam dictionary project.
On the genetic position of the Bai language
Authors: WANG Feng
Published: October 2016

Different proposals on the genetic relationship of the Bai language in the past century are reviewed in this article, as well as the methodologies of genetic classification. In light of some new data on the Bai dialects and new hypotheses on the genetic classification of Sino-Tibetan languages, this article calls attention to the necessity for the reconstruction of Proto-Bai and shows that some proposals are invalid from a taxonomic viewpoint.
Why do Numerais Show 'Irregular' Correspondence Patterns in Tibeto-Burman? Some Southeastern Tibeto-Burman Examples
Authors: Bradley David
Published: October 2016

Within Sino-Tibetan (ST) and Tibeto-Burman (TB), numerals show various irregular correspondence patterns, both at the macro level within ST, at the middle level within TB, and within various subgroups of TB. In various Southeastern TB languages, there are apparentiy irregular tonal and/or initial reflexes which are seen in some numerals. Some of these result from sandhi in combination with a numeral and a following classifier. In a few languages, conversely, the form of the classifier is affected by the preceding numeral. There are also specific forms for some numerals which are used in counting.
Two General Classifiers in the Shanghai Wu Dialect: A Comparison with Mandarin and Cantonese
Authors: Erbaugh Mary S. , Yang Bei
Published: October 2016

An intriguing feature of the Shanghai Wu dialect c1assifier system is that it possesses two general c1assifiers: 个/gə?1 and 只/tsə?5. In this article, we set out to tease apart the differences in their frequency and usage and to consider the larger question of general versus sortal c1assifiers in three Sinitic languages, namely Mandarin, Cantonese and Shanghainese. It is shown that 只/tsə?5/ acts less like a general c1assifier than does 个/gə?1 according to the three main parameters used, and that Shanghainese and Cantonese make greater use of sortal c1assifiers than does Mandarin.
A Shared Suppletive Pattern in the Pronominal Systems of Chang Naga and Southern Qiang
Authors: Jacques Guillaume
Published: October 2016

This article shows the existence of a similar irregular alternation in the pronominal morphology of Chang Naga and Southem Qiang, two distantly related Sino-Tibetan languages. This pattern is argued to be the trace of an older case marking system. On the basis of this hypothesis, a new analysis of pronominal systems in various languages of the family is presented.
WHAT DOES THE MANDARIN PARTICLE NE COMMUNICATE ?
Authors: Lin William С. J.
Published: October 2016

Although the particle ne has been studied by many linguists, including Chao (1968) and Li & Thompson (1981), only part of its contextual uses has been examined and hasty conclusions drawn. In this paper, data have been collected from Mandarin instructors, visiting scholars from China, novels and other texts published in either Taiwan or Mainland. Thus a wide range of contextual uses of ne has been collected, analysed, and the general/invariant meaning of this form has been extracted. The general/invariant meaning is then put in opposition to that of the zero sign (Ø) in order to determine the relational invariant meaning of this particle. My conclusion is that ne carries the relational invariant meaning [+ constrastiveness] while the zero sign is neutral so far as this semantic feature is concerned.
LA PARTICULE WŌ ET WŎ EN CANTONAIS
Authors: RICAUD Philippe
Published: October 2016

This paper attempts to establish a general methodology for interpreting Chinese final particles. This analysis divides the intrinsic value of final particles into denotative and discursive. This methodology is applied to the Cantonese wō and wŏ to show that:

1°) wō and wŏ are two variants of the same unit;

2°) the particle wó-wŏ refers to an act of enunciation;

3°) if it is the act of enunciation of the speaker's or the listener's utterance, the variant is wŏ;

4°) if it is the act of enunciation of another utterance, the variant is wŏ.

Other examples, taken from Cantonese (t'im) and Taiwanese (kong), supply further evidence for this analysis.
The identity of Cremanthodium acernuum and C. smithianum (Asteraceae)
Authors: CHEN YOU-SHENG , XU LIAN-SHENG
Published: October 2016

Cremanthodium acernuum has been previously placed in synonymy with C. smithianum. However, our examination of herbarium specimens and field expedition have shown that it is quite distinct from C. smithianum by its heads erect, ray florets white, leaf margins variously incised with acute teeth. Cathcartia smithiana, which is listed as the basionym of C. smithianum in Flora of China, is a different taxon belonging to the family Papaveraceae.
Reputation Management in Societal Security: A Comparative Study
Authors: Christensen Tom , Lodge Martin
Published: October 2016

Societal security poses fundamental challenges for the doctrines of accountability and transparency in government. At least some of the national security state’s effectiveness requires a degree of non-transparency, raising questions about legitimacy. This article explores in cross-national and cross-sectoral perspective, how organizations seek to manage their reputation by accounting for their activities. This article contributes in three main ways. First, it highlights how distinct tasks facilitate and constrain certain reputation management strategies. Second, it suggests that these reputational considerations shape the way in which organizations can give account. Third, it considers three domains associated with societal security, namely intelligence, flood defense, and food safety, in five European countries with different state traditions—the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. By using a “web census,” this article investigates cross-sectoral and cross-national variation in the way organizations seek to account for their activities and manage their reputation. This article finds variation across tasks to be more dominant than national variation.
Familism Is Associated With Psychological Well-Being and Physical Health
Authors: Corona Karina , Campos Belinda , Chen Chuansheng
Published: October 2016

Familism is a core Latino value that emphasizes close family relationships and prioritizing of family before the self. Familism has implications for well-being and health, but it is not clear whether these values are generally beneficial or beneficial under stress. We examined whether the associations of familism with well-being/health were consistent with a main effect or stress-buffering model in Latinos and non-Latinos. Latino ( n = 171), European ( n = 225), and East Asian Americans ( n = 415) completed measures of familism, stress, well-being, and health. In terms of general benefits, familism was negatively associated with loneliness, depression, and physical symptoms. In terms of stress-buffering benefits, the combination of high familism with high stress was associated with higher self-esteem and subjective health than the combination of low familism with high stress. These patterns were consistent across groups, suggesting that familism can be beneficial for Latinos and non-Latinos.
Frontal Hypoactivation During a Working Memory Task in Children With 22q11 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Harrell Waverly , Zou Ling , Englander Zoe , Hooper Stephen R. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Song Allen , Shashi Vandana
Published: October 2016

Impairments in executive function, such as working memory, are almost universal in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Delineating the neural underpinnings of these functions would enhance understanding of these impairments. In this study, children and adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome were compared with healthy control participants in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of working memory. When the 2-back condition was contrasted with the 1-back and 0-back conditions, the participants with 22q11 deletion syndrome showed lower activation in several brain areas involved in working memory—notably dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and precuneus. This hypoactivation may be due to reduced gray matter volumes or white matter connectivity in the frontal and parietal regions, differences that have previously been documented in children with 22q11 deletion syndrome. Understanding differences in brain function will provide a foundation for future interventions to address the wide range of neurodevelopmental deficits observed in 22q11 deletion syndrome.
Reversible Facial Hyperpigmentation Associated With Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Tayem Leeda , Litaiem Noureddine , Jones Mariem , Zeglaoui Faten
Published: October 2016

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is common in developing countries. Its dermatologic manifestations include hair and nail changes and glossitis. Cases of generalized hyperpigmentation associated with vitamin B12 deficiency have rarely been reported. Localized hyperpigmentation is less frequently described, affecting palms, soles, and flexural areas. We report a rare case of reversible melasma‐like cutaneous hyperpigmentation associated with pernicious anemia and discuss the possible mechanisms of this association.
Does Family Involvement in Management Reduce the Risk of Business Failure? The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation
Authors: Revilla Antonio J. , Pérez-Luño Ana , Nieto María Jesús
Published: October 2016

This study explores the question of whether—and under which circumstances—family involvement helps avoid business failure. We hypothesize that it is family involvement in management, rather than ownership, which reduces the risk of failure during economic downturns; however, this effect is negatively affected by the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO). We argue that EO hinders reaching consensuses on and commitment to family-centered goals, which are focused on long-term survival. We analyze 369 manufacturing firms in Spain from 2007 to 2013, and find that family involvement in management reduces the risk of business failure, but this effect decreases as EO increases.
Characteristics of the energy regeneration and reutilization system during the acceleration stage of the swing process of a hydraulic excavator
Authors: Ren Haoling , Lin Tianliang , Huang Weiping , Fu Shengjie , Chen Qihuai
Published: October 2016

Although the traditional energy regeneration system which uses electric or hydraulic energy recovery to regenerate part of the overflow energy loss during the acceleration and braking stages of the swing process of a hydraulic excavator, the modification cost is high and the control system is complex. To reduce the overflow energy loss of the swing process of the hydraulic excavator and to simplify the control system, a novel swing driving system based on a hydraulic accumulator to regenerate and utilize the energy automatically during the acceleration process is presented. The working mode and the assessment criteria of the swing system are analysed. The characteristics of the traditional swing system and the proposed swing system are compared. The relationships between the pressures of the two motor chambers, the pressures of the hydraulic accumulator and the motor speed of the proposed swing system in one working cycle are studied. The experimental results showed that the energy recovery efficiency of the proposed swing driving system, which can regenerate the energy automatically based on the hydraulic accumulator, was up to 80% during the acceleration stage of the swing process, and the energy consumption of the power system in one working cycle was reduced by 16.5% in comparaison with that of the traditional driving system.
New data on the sedimentary processes and timing of the initial inundation of Lower Khuzestan (SW Iran) by the Persian Gulf
Authors: Bogemans Frieda , Boudin Mathieu , Janssens Rindert , Baeteman Cecile
Published: October 2016

The early- and mid-Holocene deposits of the Lower Khuzestan plain at the north-eastern margin of the Persian Gulf have been investigated by means of facies analysis of sediment successions of undisturbed cores. Organic material and molluscs have been selected for dating by radiocarbon whereby possible contamination by hard-water effect is discussed. The results suggest that the Holocene transgression in Mesopotamia may have taken place later than generally accepted. Before ca. 7700–7900 yr cal. BP, the plain was characterized by mud-dominated fluvial systems. During the mid-Holocene, tides invaded the existing valleys, and the sedimentary environment shifted from fluvial to estuarine but not as extensively as has previously been suggested. The estuarine environments lasted for about 2000–2500 years until ca. 4850–5000 yr cal. BP when the seaward part of the plain was again characterized by widespread fluvial sedimentation.
The offender personality disorder pathway and its implications for women prisoners in England and Wales
Authors: Player Elaine
Published: October 2016

This article examines how the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway has been tailored to deliver services to a relatively wide population of women prisoners, despite the fact that few of them meet the dangerousness criteria that determine access for men. Although women in custody have a well-established claim to resources that address their mental health needs, there are legitimate concerns about programmes that foster individualised and ‘pathologised’ understandings of female offenders. These are particularly problematic in the contemporary rehabilitative climate which functions in a state of legal and ethical uncertainty about the duty of care owed to those who participate in the programmes. The article calls for a broader understanding of the political and cultural circumstances in which the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway for Women operates and an awareness of the consequences that derive from the coercive environment of the prison, the ideological dominance of risk management and the minority status of women in the criminal justice system.
Three-dimensional positioning system using Bluetooth low-energy beacons
Authors: Park Hyunwook , Noh Jaewon , Cho Sunghyun
Published: October 2016

Bluetooth low-energy–based beacons have two different roles: “broadcasting” (by beacon device) and “receiving” (by sensing devices). It allows devices to receive information over a short distance. Thus, many researchers are actively investigating positioning methods that use beacons. However, the distance value of positioning in the existing methods is not always accurate. This article proposes a novel three-dimensional positioning system using Bluetooth low-energy–based beacons. While the conventional methods measure distances by obtaining two-dimensional coordinates [Formula: see text] through the received signal strength indicator value, the proposed method improves the measurement accuracy by obtaining three-dimensional coordinate values [Formula: see text]. Finally, while comparing the performance of this new method with that of existing methods, the proposed three-dimensional positioning system reduces the positioning error rate by 27.3% compared to the existing two-dimensional triangulation method.
Getting the right balance: insole design alters the static balance of people with diabetes and neuropathy
Authors: Paton Joanne , Glasser Sam , Collings Richard , Marsden Jon
Published: October 2016

Background

Over 1 in 3 older people with diabetes sustain a fall each year. Postural instability has been identified as independent risk factor for falls within people with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN). People with DPN, at increased risk of falls, are routinely required to wear offloading insoles, yet the impact of these insoles on postural stability and postural control is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a standard offloading insole and its constituent parts on the balance in people with DPN.

Methods

A random sample of 50 patients with DPN were observed standing for 3 × 30 s, and stepping in response to a light, under five conditions presented in a random order; as defined by a computer program; 1) no insole, 2) standard diabetic: a standard offloading insole made from EVA/poron®, and three other insoles with one design component systematically altered 3) flat: diabetic offloading insole with arch fill removed, 4) low resilient memory: diabetic offloading insole with the cover substituted with low resilience memory V9, 5) textured: diabetic offloading insole with a textured PVC surface added (Algeos Ltd). After each condition participants self‐rated perceived steadiness.

Results

Insole design effected static balance and balance perception, but not stepping reaction time in people with DPN. The diabetic and memory shaped insoles (with arch fill) significantly increased centre of pressure velocity (14 %, P = 0.006), (13 %, P = 0.001), and path length (14 %, P = 0.006), (13 %, P = 001), when compared to the no insole condition. The textured shaped and flat soft insole had no effect on static balance when compared to the no insole condition (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Insoles have an effect on static balance but not stepping reaction time. This effect is independent of neuropathy severity. The addition of a textured cover seems to counter the negative effect of an arch fill, even in participants with severe sensation loss. Static balance is unaffected by material softness or resilience. Current best practice of providing offloading insoles, with arch fill, to increase contact area and reduce peak pressure could be making people more unstable. Whilst flat, soft insoles maybe the preferable design option for those with poor balance. There is a need to develop an offloading insole that can reduce diabetic foot ulcer risk, without compromising balance.
Methods of Assessment of Competence Level of Public Employees and Its Impact on the Results of Their Professional Activity
Authors: Столярова  , Stolyarova V. , Вашаломидзе  , Vashalomidze E.
Published: October 2016

The article analyzes the applied methods for assessing the level of competence of civil servants at all stages of their career and gives suggestions for their

improvement. The recommendations of formation mechanisms more closely related indicators of the level of competence of civil servants with the indicators

of the results of their professional activity are justified. The basic directions of improvement of motivation and stimulation of civil servants working for the final

results of the federal ministries and other federal agencies in the economic crisis are offered.
Occupational Survival Through Field-Level Task Integration: Systems Men, Production Planners, and the Computer, 1940s–1990s
Authors: Kahl Steven J. , King Brayden G. , Liegel Greg
Published: October 2016

This paper examines how occupational groups survive the introduction of a new technology and associated jurisdictional changes. We draw on a comparative historical analysis of two occupational associations’—systems men and production planners—efforts to frame their evolving tasks and relate to other occupations after the introduction of the computer into U.S. business in the early 1950s. We observe that systems men followed the path traditionally advocated in the occupations and professions literature by seeking autonomy through differentiating their task domains from other groups and by trying to get other groups to recognize their control. But they were unsuccessful and disbanded by the mid-1990s. In contrast, the successful production planners took an integrative approach through efforts to frame the interdependencies of their tasks and relate to other occupations, making them more necessary to the functioning of other groups and the organization. Our study contributes to the growing relational perspective on occupations by showing how taking an integrative approach with other occupations at the field level can help occupations survive long term.
Complexities of maltreatment: Munchausen by proxy and animals
Authors: Oxley James A , Feldman Marc D
Published: October 2016

Munchausen by proxy (MBP) typically involves a dynamic in which a parent repeatedly erroneously reports, or more rarely surreptitiously induces, illness, injury or impairment in a child, who is therefore the proxy. To date, there have been a mere handful of cases that have highlighted MBP incorporating the victimisation of pets. These cases, which include only one case series, involve predominantly dogs and cats, though a more recent case was reported in which the proxy was a horse (Oxley and Feldman, 2016). The current article briefly reviews the up-to-date evidence regarding MBP and pets, and explores the similarities between the known warning signs for MBP maltreatment in children and animals. The article also highlights abuse-related resources that have become available to veterinary staffs. The article concludes that there is a need for research in this specialised area.
Finite element study of the acetabulum in cemented hip arthroplasty investigating retention or removal of the subchondral bone plate
Authors: Tanner K. Elizabeth , Svensson Ingrid , Samuelsson Fredrik , Flivik Gunnar
Published: October 2016

The importance of the subchondral bone plate of the acetabulum when preparing the pelvis for a cemented acetabular cup during total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been investigated using finite element analysis. The effect of retaining or removing the subchondral bone plate and the use of anchoring holes are compared. Loading was applied via both hip joint contact force and the activity of up to 22 muscles at five stages through the load bearing phase of the gait cycle. Removing the subchondral bone plate leads to decreased stresses in the cancellous bone and slightly increased stresses in the cortical shell superior to the acetabulum. The differences between the two cases are small, nevertheless there are indications that removal of the subchondral bone plate reduces the stresses. Increasing the cement penetration depth leads to a slightly more rigid structure, due to cement penetrating the cancellous bone. Adding anchoring holes moves the position of the highest cancellous bone strains from the bone-cement interface into the cancellous bone. Thus removal of the subchondral bone plate should lead to an increased potential for cement penetration into the cancellous bone which should be beneficial for cup fixation and thus improve long term implant survival.
Language ideology and language order: conflicts and compromises in colonial and postcolonial Asia
Authors: Zhou Minglang
Published: October 2016

Following Fishman’s (1998/1999. The new linguistic order.
Solvation of Some Tetraalkylammonium Salts Investigated Conductometrically and Viscometrically in Binary Mixtures of Acetonitrile + Methanol at 298.15 K
Authors: Anand Hardeep , Verma Renu
Published: October 2016

Molar conductances and viscosities of some tetraalkylammonium perchlorate salts (R4NClO4 where R=methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) have been measured in the concentration range (30–500)×10−4 M in the binary mixtures of acetonitrile (AN)+methanol (MeOH) containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol% methanol at 298.15 K. Conductance data was analyzed by the Shedlovsky equation and the viscosity data by Jones–Dole equation. The limiting ionic conductances (λ
o
±) were used to calculate the solvated radii (r

i
) of the ions. The A and B coefficients of the Jones–Dole equation are positive in all salts. The A coefficients are in reasonably good agreement with the limiting theoretical values (Aη) calculated using Falkenhagen–Vernon equation. The variation of the actual solvated radii (r

i
) as well as the ionic B
± coefficients with solvent composition in AN+MeOH mixtures shows the preferential solvation of tetraalkylammonium ions by methanol-rich region of the mixtures. The extent of solvation of the tetraalkylammonium ions is in the order Me4N+>Et4N+>Pr4N+>Bu4N+.
Francesco Robortello's Rhetoric. On the Orator and his Arguments
Authors: Sgarbi Marco
Published: October 2016

This paper deals with the conception of rhetoric of one of the most prominent Renaissance scholars, Francesco Robortello, and focuses in particular on his vernacular manuscript entitled Dell'oratore, probably his final statement on the topic, the transcription of which is included in the appendix. The study of the manuscript will be integrated with the examination of Robortello's Latin published works on rhetoric, that is De rhetorica facultate (1548) and De artificio dicendi (1567), as well as of some of his schemes in printed and manuscript form.
THE IMPACT OF RDP 2007–2013 MEASURES IMPLEMENTATION ON LITHUANIAN RURAL AREAS
Authors: Kuliešis Gediminas , Pareigienė Lina
Published: October 2016

After joining EU Lithuania for more than a decade is receiving support for agricultural production modernization, maintaining farmers' income, for upgrading rural areas, for improving quality of life of rural population. Support coming for municipalities from RDP 2007–2013 measures implementation differs very much and it could be supposed that the impact of the support had to be different. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the implementation of RDP 2007– 2013 program measures for Lithuanian rural regions. For the investigation purposes Lithuanian municipalities were divided into three groups according to received support per 1 ha of agricultural land: the biggest, medium and least. According to the chosen system of indicators describing the rural areas as a whole, it has been studied the impact of support demographic situation, economic, social and natural environments. Average data of two periods: 2004–2008 without the support were compared to the average data of the period of 2009–2015 when the support has already been obtained. The investigation showed that the municipal group that received the highest support, compared with the other two municipal groups demonstrated better results: the net emigration and depopulation trend slowed, a significant increase in capital investment in agriculture, forestry and fisheries is observed, the overall area declared and the area per one application is stated. Differences in number of operating SMEs and the share of employed out of the working-age people were not as great to compare with other two municipality group indicator’s values.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP BERBASIS BUDIDAYA DI WADUK: STUDI KASUS INTRODUKSI IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) DI WADUK SEMPOR, KABUPATEN KEBUMEN, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Umar Chairulwan , Aisyah Aisyah , Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi
Published: October 2016

Perikanan tangkap berbasis budidaya adalah upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan produktivitas alami perairan melalui konversi sumberdaya makanan alami menjadi biomassa ikan tanpa merusak lingkungan. Upaya tersebut adalah upaya yang sangat ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan. Dalam kasus ini, produktivitas makanan alami yang tersedia di perairan waduk dimanfaatkan oleh ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos) menjadi biomasa ikan sehingga meningkatkan hasil tangkapan nelayan di perairan waduk Sempor, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah. Untuk mengoptimalkan produktivitas perairan waduk Sempor dalam memproduksi ikan secara berkelanjutan diperlukan strategi pengembangan yang meliputi: penebaran ikan bandeng  secara berkala sesuai target ikan yang dipanen; penggalangan dana penebaran dari retribusi hasil tangkapan bandeng; penggunaan alat tangkap gill-net dan jala dengan ukuran mata jaring sesuai ukuran ikan bandeng target; pembinaan kelompok nelayan (kelompok pengawas, kelompok pengolah dan pemasaran); pengembangan pengelolaan perikanan secara partisipatif dan terpadu. Perikanan tangkap berbasis budidaya ikan bandeng adalah salah satu opsi peningkatan produksi ikan yang direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan di perairan waduk lain yang memiliki karakteristik limnologi yang sama dengan waduk Sempor.