bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning for Text Sentiment Analysis: A Survey
Authors: Huang Lujin
Published: November 2024

Abstract. With the continuous improvement of many factors such as corpus, computing power, data scale, and laboratory conditions, how to quickly and accurately understand the emotional tendency in the text has become an important issue in many fields. The current state of affairs and the trajectory that deep learning is pursuing in the realm of text emotion analysis hold significant importance. This article first introduces the definition, importance and classification of emotional analysis, including the analysis of emotional polarity, emotional detection and fine-grained emotion. Subsequently, the key technologies of deep learning were discussed and the application of deep learning in natural language processing, especially LSTM, Bert, and their specific applications in emotional analysis within deep learning models. Then reveal the advantages and limitations of each model by comparing the performance of different deep learning models in emotional analysis tasks. Finally, in combination with current deep learning research, this study summarizes the challenges and research trends in the field of text emotional analysis.
Comparative Analysis of Water Applicability Predictions Explained by The LightGBM Model Using SHAP and LIME
Authors: Zhang Junhao
Published: November 2024

Abstract. This article mainly discusses the application of the LightGBM model to predict water potability for a dataset containing multiple water quality features. The focus of the study is to use two popular model interpretability techniques: SHAP and LIME to explain the model's prediction results. The results show that SHAP can globally explain the feature importance of the entire dataset and provide a deep understanding of the features and model behavior, while LIME provides a detailed explanation of a single prediction through local linear approximation, which is easier to interpret and apply. This article also compares the strengths and limitations of SHAP and LIME in explaining the LightGBM models behavior, demonstrating their applicability and explanatory power in different contexts. In addition, this article also explores the actual application scenarios of water quality prediction and analyzes how interpretability improves model transparency and trust in this field. Through these analyses, the article provides practical suggestions on how to choose appropriate model interpretation methods in reality.
NCF-based Movie Recommendation System
Authors: Li Zehang
Published: November 2024

Abstract. This paper discusses the design and evaluation of a Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) model for movie recommendations using the MovieLens dataset. It addresses the limitations of traditional recommendation systems, such as content-based filtering and collaborative filtering, which struggle with data sparsity and the cold start problem. By incorporating deep learning, the NCF model enhances the accuracy and personalization of recommendations by learning the latent features of users and items and capturing complex interactions.
Enhancing Lung Cancer Screening with Bidirectional LSTM and GRU Models
Authors: Ji Ang
Published: November 2024

Abstract. This study aims to enhance lung cancer patient screening by developing and evaluating bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models using the Lung Cancer dataset from Kaggle. The dataset includes 16 features related to patient symptoms and lung cancer status, providing a broad spectrum of symptoms to improve model accuracy. The research advances Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven healthcare by integrating these sophisticated machine learning techniques into diagnostic processes. The methodology involves four main steps: preprocessing the dataset for model compatibility, defining the model architecture with bidirectional LSTM and GRU layers and evaluating its performance. The results show an overall accuracy of 52.17%, with accuracy, recall, and F1 scores for both cancerous and non-cancerous categories around 50%. Despite the hybrid model's average performance, it establishes a basis for future enhancements. Optimizing model parameters and exploring additional other techniques to improve prediction accuracy and clinical applicability will be done in the future.
Forecasts of Video Game Sales based on the ARIMA Model
Authors: Yang Siying
Published: November 2024

Abstract. With the rapid development of the digital age, video games have become an important component of the cultural industry, and their sales forecasting has become a focus of industry attention. This article aims to predict the sales of video games based on the ARIMA model and explore effective methods to improve prediction accuracy. Through in-depth research, this article found that the ARIMA model performs well in capturing the time series characteristics of sales data and can accurately predict future sales trends. The ARIMA model provides a systematic and scientific method for predicting the future market performance of video games by comprehensively considering the trends, seasonality, and random changes in historical sales data. This research achievement not only provides strong decision support for game developers, publishers, and platform operators but also promotes the optimization of resource allocation and market risk avoidance in the video games industry, which is of great significance for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.
COVID-19 CT Image Segmentation Based on Modified U-Net
Authors: Zheng Wenbo
Published: November 2024

Abstract. This paper presents a COVID-19 CT image segmentation method based on a modified U-Net model. In the study and treatment of COVID-19, the segmentation of CT images is crucial for understanding the virus's impact on lung tissues. Traditional image segmentation methods have limitations when dealing with the complex lung lesions caused by COVID-19. Therefore, we optimized the U-Net model's structure and introduced an efficient loss function along with image enhancement techniques to improve segmentation accuracy and computational efficiency. Experiments were conducted on the Medseg and Radiopaedia datasets. The results demonstrate that the modified U-Net model outperforms traditional methods in terms of segmentation accuracy and computational efficiency. Additionally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the model and propose directions for future research.
Cryptography and DRM: A study of digital copyright protection in the gaming industry
Authors: Zhang Liwen
Published: November 2024

Abstract. This paper explores the role of cryptography and encryption technology in the evolution of digital rights management (DRM) in the gaming industry. A collection of guidelines, procedures, and instruments that control the appropriate use of digital content is collectively referred to as digital rights management (DRM). Cryptography plays a vital role in DRM by ensuring data privacy, authenticity, and integrity. The early stages of DRM in gaming involved physical disc-based methods, such as unique disc features and online activation. However, these methods faced challenges such as compatibility issues and unauthorized copying. Modern DRM techniques incorporate advanced cryptographic techniques and account-based DRM tied to user accounts. Cryptography in DRM secures the distribution and consumption of digital content by converting game data into an unreadable format, which can only be decrypted with a valid key. The paper also discusses the use of third-party DRM technologies like Denuvo, which employ robust encryption and obfuscation methods. However, third-party DRM can have performance impacts, inconvenience users, and lead to compatibility issues. The paper emphasizes the need for continuous refinement of DRM technologies to balance copyright protection and consumer rights in the evolving gaming industry.
The Analysis of Applied Innovative Mechatronics Technology in Intelligent Driving - A Case Study of New-Energy Vehicles' Development in Mainland China
Authors: Yang Junming
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The interdisciplinary field of mechatronics, which amalgamates elements of mechanical, electrical, computer, and control engineering, has fundamentally transformed the automotive industry. This transformative influence is evident in the development of advanced vehicular functionalities such as Automatic Fuel Filling Systems, Car Attitude Control, Antilock Brake Systems (ABS), and Electronic Stability Programs (ESP), as well as in the advent of vehicles equipped with semi-active suspensions. The integration of mechatronics has not only enhanced vehicle safety, efficiency, and performance but has also positioned itself as a cornerstone for the burgeoning electric vehicle (EV) market, particularly in China. Chinese companies, leveraging extensive smart factory and automation technologies, have consequently secured a dominant stance in the global EV landscape, capturing a staggering 60% market share. This paper explores the multifaceted applications of mechatronics in the automobile industry of industrialized nations, with a special focus on its pivotal role in China's technological ascendancy in automotive manufacturing. Through an exploration of practical applications including IoT integration and collaborative robotics, this study underscores the transformative potential of mechatronics in redefining automotive production and operation, propelling the industry toward unprecedented levels of innovation and efficiency.
Maintenance Methods and Strategies for Existing Bridges in China
Authors: Liu Hai
Published: November 2024

Abstract. In China, bridges constructed in the past century have deteriorated due to environmental exposure and increasing loads, necessitating attention from researchers on assessment, maintenance, and reinforcement to ensure safety. Appropriate design and construction techniques are key to improving load-bearing capacity and extending service life. This paper summarizes China's bridge challenges, introduces the development of bridges in China since the 20th century and visual inspection methods, and outlines strengthening techniques for bridge superstructures and substructures. Furthermore, the paper concludes with a discussion of future research directions, highlighting the importance of continued efforts to ensure the safety, reliability, and longevity of these vital transportation structures.
Analysis of the Principle of Gas Turbine and State-of-art Applications
Authors: Fu Linkai
Published: November 2024

Abstract. As a matter of fact, gas turbines have become a cornerstone of modern energy systems, playing a pivotal role in power generation, the oil and gas industry, and the integration of renewable energy sources. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the principles underlying gas turbine operation, alongside a summary of state-of-the-art facilities that represent the pinnacle of current technological advancements. These turbines, known for their high efficiency and flexibility, are crucial for meeting the growing global demand for reliable and cleaner energy. However, significant challenges remain, particularly in terms of material limitations, emissions reduction, and the need for greater operational flexibility to accommodate renewable energy sources. The future of gas turbines may involve a shift towards alternative fuels like hydrogen, which could drastically reduce their environmental impact. These results highlight the ongoing evolution of gas turbines and underscore the importance of continuous innovation to address these challenges, ensuring that gas turbines can meet the energy needs of the future while minimizing their ecological footprint. The findings of this research are essential for advancing the understanding of gas turbine technology and guiding future developments in this field.
Realismo mágico e pós-colonialismo: transgressões e reconfigurações em "At the bottom of the river", de Jamaica Kincaid
Authors: Attie Juliana Pimenta , Ramos de Freitas Viviane
Published: November 2024

As vertentes do insólito e do fantástico, ao longo dos tempos, passam por reformulações e releituras a partir de novos vieses que surgem no cenário da teoria e crítica literária. Dentre as perspectivas contemporâneas, destacamos o diálogo entre o realismo mágico e os estudos pós-coloniais. Diante disso, este artigo visa discutir as possibilidades que o realismo mágico, enquanto estratégia literária, proporciona a obras literárias que se inserem no contexto pós-colonial. Nesse intento, apresentaremos, brevemente, algumas formulações teóricas que articulam realismo mágico e pós-colonialismo, a partir, especialmente de Moudileno (2006) e Warnes (2009). Em seguida, traremos a discussão para o âmbito teórico-crítico caribenho pautado em teóricos como Wynter (2000), Glissant (1989), Harris (1983) e Gikandi (2018). Por fim, aprofundaremos a discussão a partir da leitura de alguns trechos da coletânea de contos At the bottom of the river (2013), publicado em 1983, da escritora antiguana Jamaica Kincaid. Na coletânea, focaremos na figura da jablesse, uma entidade Obeah, sistema de crenças afro-caribenhas, caracterizado pelas práticas de rituais de magia. Desse modo, ao trazer a perspectiva pós-colonialista em articulação com o realismo mágico, colocaremos em foco visões de mundo que escapam ou são obliteradas pela colonização, as quais, no entanto, compõem o imaginário, a história e o cotidiano caribenhos.
O fantástico com vistas ao arrepio: compreendendo o cronotopo do horror a partir do mito no conto “A Gruta”, de Márcio Benjamin
Authors: Silva Rafael Oliveira da , Alves Maria da Penha Casado
Published: November 2024

Tendo como palco a literatura fantástica contemporânea, o presente trabalho se debruça nas contribuições de Nestarez (2022, 2023), que propõe a existência de um fantástico com vistas ao arrepio, e no conto “A Gruta”, presente na coletânea Maldito Sertão (2017), do autor potiguar Márcio Benjamin, que narra a aparição de uma criatura sobrenatural conhecida como corpo seco. Visto que a aparição da criatura no tempo-espaço sertanejo rege os acontecimentos do enredo do conto, utilizamos a teoria bakhtiniana do cronotopo, que afirma que o cronotopo é responsável por guiar o enredo, atando e desatando os nós da trama, para propor e compreender a existência de um cronotopo do horror formado por outros três, os cronotopos do encontro, do limiar e da crise. Dessa forma, nossa análise se insere no campo dos estudos da linguagem, com ênfase no estudo das práticas discursivas à luz das contribuições do Círculo de Bakhtin e dos estudos da literatura fantástica e de contribuições acerca do horror.
O neofantástico na narrativa de Sinara Foss: análise do conto “Fotossíntese”
Authors: Knapp Cristina Loff , Brezolin Alana
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o conto “Fotossíntese”, da autora Sinara Foss, presente na obra Fotossíntese e outros processos de sobrevivência (2023), a fim de compreender as transformações do gênero fantástico na contemporaneidade. Para tanto, faremos um percurso por uma das teorias clássicas do fantástico, a de Tzvetan Todorov, tendo em vista a sua obra Introdução à literatura fantástica (2017), em que evidencia a hesitação como condição necessária para que o efeito fantástico seja instaurado na narrativa. A seguir, discutiremos a teoria de Jaime Alazraki, sobre o neofantástico, já pertencente ao “fantástico contemporâneo”, desenvolvida em “¿Qué es lo neofantástico?” (1990), que contrapõe a teoria todoroviana ao afirmar que o texto fantástico não causa hesitação, mas se caracteriza pela visão, a intenção e o modus operandi. Além de compararmos as duas teorias, visando assinalar as transformações do fantástico na contemporaneidade, também comentaremos sobre o ecofeminismo, a partir das considerações de Maria Mies e Vandana Shiva (1993) e de Émilien Vilas Boas Reis e Vanessa Lemgruber (2020). A metodologia deste artigo consiste no estudo da teoria da literatura fantástica e em análise literária.
Beowulf em cordel: limiares fantásticos, históricos e culturais
Authors: Fouto Rafael Silva , Sá Daniel Serravalle de
Published: November 2024

Tendo o fantástico como conceito norteador, o presente artigo visa debater e analisar A Saga de Beowulf (2013), do cordelista Marco Haurélio, com ilustrações de Luciano Tasso, uma adaptação da literatura anglo-saxônica para a literatura de cordel brasileira. Por meio de críticos como Tzvetan Todorov (2017), Rosemary Jackson (2009) e David Roas (2009), discutem-se aspectos teóricos e temáticos da narrativa fantástica e suas transformações contemporâneas. Conclui-se que a interpretação e a recriação das tradições folclóricas-culturais presentes no poema Beowulf (ca. séc. X-XI) estão no limiar da materialidade histórica e da narrativa fantástica, misturando a arte autêntica do passado nórdico medieval com reimaginações modernas.
A representação do espaço ficcional no conto fantástico “As flores”, de Augusta Faro
Authors: Barp Guilherme , Albert Zinani Cecil Jeanine
Published: November 2024

A literatura de autoria feminina que tematiza o insólito tem se tornado mais frequente na contemporaneidade. Uma autora que escreveu contos insólitos é Augusta Faro, em cuja obra A friagem (1999) encontra-se o conto “As flores”, objeto deste estudo. Após realizar algumas considerações sobre o fantástico, fundamentadas, principalmente, em Todorov (2004) e Roas (2014), são abordados conceitos relativos ao neofantástico, bem como a caracterização do espaço ficcional em Furtado (1980). A partir desse arcabouço, são investigados aspectos que organizam o espaço narrativo no conto “As flores”, evidenciando a relevância desse elemento na estrutura do conto fantástico em estudo.
Blending Formal and Informal Learning within an International Learning Network
Authors: Cook J. , Basiel A. S. , Mitchell W. L. , Mohammed T. H. , Commins R.
Published: November 2024

Recent work on online, formal and informal learning raises important questions. To what extent can online learning communities also be informal learning communities? What 'community building' issues are raised in the context of international learning networks? In the paper we will (i) briefly describe a new case study of a learning network (part of the JISC 'Case Studies in e-Learning Practice' project), (ii) present a framework that builds on the notions of people, policies and purpose but which is supplemented by notions of informal learning, and finding 'common ground', (iii) illustrate the framework using examples from the case study and follow-up research, and (iv) conclude by drawing out key issues raised by our work.
Measuring Critical Thinking within Discussion Forums using a Computerised Content Analysis Tool
Authors: Corich Stephen , Kinshuk  , Hunt Lynn M.
Published: November 2024

The use of discussion forums as a means of promoting collaboration and interaction between distance education students is increasing as a result of the growing popularity of online learning. The transcripts of these discussion forums have provided researchers an opportunity to analyse the interactions between participants and investigate evidence of cognitive and metacognitive activity.
This paper outlines some of the methodologies adopted by researchers who have attempted to measure evidence of cognitive processes and critical thinking among discussion forum participants. It also investigates the use of computers in the content analysis process and describes the use of automated tools to analyse discussion forum transcripts.
The paper then introduces a computerised tool, which has been designed with the aim of allowing different content analysis methodologies to be compared. The paper describes how the tool was used to analyse the discussion forum transcripts from a first year undergraduate degree course and discusses how the results obtained using the tool compared to a manually coded set of results.
Imaginary selves and shifting signifiers
Authors: Cook Julian
Published: November 2024

This paper sheds light on what it is about chat rooms that can help or hinder successful learner interaction. Based on a textual analysis of an educational chat room activity it brings together two analytic approaches, critical discourse analysis and Freudian/Lacanian psychoanalysis. It argues that the approaches are complementary, as both look beneath the surface of the linguistic choices made by subjects, and that in combination they can help to reveal the interpersonal dynamics of an interaction. It gives an account of participants getting caught up in interpersonal misunderstandings and envious comparisons, distracting them from their educational purpose, and suggests that this may be linked to the lack of sensory (visual, auditory) information coupled with the time-based nature of chat rooms. It proposes some tactics that might help online educators to avoid these pitfalls.
Incorporating e-learning into a Local Government Authority Context
Authors: Smith Christine , Zenios Maria
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we describe the evaluation of an e-learning project. The Learning Ladder developed a number of e-learning modules for local government staff on recurrent working practices. The modules feature the use of short video clips as a means to support and encourage organisational learning .
We report on one part of the evaluation: namely, the qualitative analysis of data from developers. We focus on three aspects: developers' perceptions of video clips for learners to reflect upon examples of working practices; their perceptions on the role of e-learning for a consistent approach to organisational learning; and perceptions on developing a learning community.
Findings suggest there is value in video for capturing authentic practices and for creating consistency in representations of organisational policy and practice. However our findings suggest the organisation has only made limited progress towards creating a learning culture.
Developing an Inclusive Approach to the Evaluation of Networked Learning
Authors: Asensio Mireia , Hodgson Vivien , Saunders Murray
Published: November 2024

In this paper we will outline an evaluation approach that was undertaken in the context of the ELAC project. ELAC is an EU funded collaboration between Latin American partners in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Mexico and European partners in Denmark, Spain and the UK. It is a demonstration project that is assisting the Latin American partners to establish the necessary infrastructure to support online continuing professional education and, in addition, is developing online courses that are intended to be of a networked and collaborative nature. Evolution of project experience will be discussed as it is mirrored in the evolution of the presence of evaluation within the work of the project participants and, more specifically, the development of online courses. 
The theory and justification for inclusive evaluation will be outlined and analysed and the design of participant activities will be discussed in the light of the tools and sequence of development of an evaluation approach in practice. The core element of the paper is an account of how participants undertook the development of their own evaluation framework on the basis of the interventions of the evaluation team over time.
Using Mixed Methods in the Evaluation of Online Discussions
Authors: Mehanna Wassila Naamani
Published: November 2024

This paper is part of a recent empirical enquiry that observed 2000 postgraduate students within various disciplines in four different UK universities and analysed 6 millions words of online discussions. It managed to connect e-learning to students' learning outcomes and presented a pedagogical model for effective online teaching and learning. This model was validated theoretically and meta-analytically. Moreover, it provided the field with the rationale and the processes for mixing qualitative and quantitative methods for analyzing online discussions.
Goodyear (2001) noted: "Analyzing the content of networked learning discussions is a troublesome research area and several commentators have remarked on the difficulty of connecting online texts to discourse to learning" (Page 62).
This lack of content analysis of online discussions is due to the time required to perform such analyses and researchers still lack a reliable instrument to analyse the online discussions (Hara, Bonk and Angeli, 2000).
Henri (1992) also argued that "research in computer conferencing content is usually restricted to the gathering of quantitative data on participation" (page 122), consequently, leading to possible misinterpretation of the phenomenon.
This paper places the emphasis on the devised methodology and provides evidence for pulling the two poles, inductive and deductive approaches, in an unorthodox marriage. This vital process was not possible without mixing the two paradigms within one study and facilitated empirical rigour, interpretation fidelity, and provided the researcher with strong means for inference quality and plausible generalizations that are mostly needed in the emerging field of e-learning (Mehanna, 2004).
Findings from the Evaluation of the WUN UK/Sino eChina Initiative
Authors: Dyke Martin , Conole Gráinne , Li Zhen , Cai Cynthia , Timmis Sue
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the evaluation of a World Universities Network (WUN) eChina project: a Sino-UK collaborative e-learning initiative. The first phase of the project focused on module development, whilst the second phase focused on trialing and evaluation of these modules. The Universities of Bristol and Southampton carried out a needs analysis and evaluation of the 2005 trial in Northern China. Eighty-seven in-service teachers from six schools located in Beijing, Huairou and Shenyang participated. The paper provides feedback on the processes and experiences encountered in the project by both the development team and the participants involved in running and participating in the trial.
Affordances - a Merleau-Pontian account
Authors: Dohn Nina Bonderup
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the concept of 'affordance' is given an ontological and epistemological explication building on a Merleau-Pontian view of human being as always already being-in-the world in a non-thematized, pre-reflective correspondence of body and world in the concrete activity. A dynamic, agent-centred, cultural-, experience- and skill-relative, but perception-independent, ontology is proposed for affordances. It is argued that this is more in line with the original Gibsonian understanding of the concept than a recent attempt by McGrenere and Ho, because the latter fall back upon the subject-object-dichotomy that Gibson was trying to transcend.
e-Learning in Practice
Authors: Wilson Casey , Mackness John
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the preliminary lessons that have been drawn from an ongoing e-learning project, which aims to develop an e-learning platform and a suite of fully supported e-learning packages for delivery to individual learners who wish to deepen their knowledge, understanding and practice of leadership within the Learning and Skills sector. These lessons are used to suggest some general learning points about the process of developing, delivering and facilitating e-learning in the Learning and Skills sector.
Swedish School Leaders Go Online
Authors: Carlén Urban , Jobring Ove
Published: November 2024

Swedish school leaders are gathered in a pilot project called School Leaders Online . To build a nation-wide Online Professional Community, Swedish National Agency for School Improvement implemented threaded forums as a tool for school leaders to share experiences about their common topics and work practice. Qualitative methods are used in order to show that participation in an informal learning setting is dependent on how school leaders negotiate meaning of their conditions at work, common topics for constructing knowledge and the capabilities to appropriate threaded forums. One conclusion will explain the importance of using several online tools in learning experiences.
Chinese eLearners eLearning
Authors: Tong Wang , Crook Charles
Published: November 2024

We describe the study practices and experiences of undergraduate students taking English Language in the format of an online distance learning programme. Thirty two second year students kept detailed diary records of their learning: describing the timing of each private study episode. as well as the resources they drew upon for that study. On a weekly basis, they recorded reflections regarding their recent progress: responding to both free-format and Likert-style prompts. Finally, these diary records furnished the grounding for a series of one-to-one interviews. It is shown how research material of this kind can usefully contribute to the design challenges of elearner support.
Students' Experiences of e-learning
Authors: Krüger Simone
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses results of research-in-progress into students' experiences of e-learning at Edge Hill, which has derived from the researcher's virtual ethnographic research and active participant-observation during a blended online module, which was modeled on a social constructivist learning approach. In my ethnographic analyses, two broad themes emerged, namely motivational issues pertinent to e-learning in general, and issues of identity formation in asynchronous discussions. Focusing on both aspects, this paper aims to illuminate e-learning's potential for enhanced learning among self-motivated learners and those participants who succeeded in building motivation as a result of constructing social identity.
Elements of Expectancy
Authors: Holley Debbie , Andrew David , Cook John , Celik Cevrem , Mitchell Andy
Published: November 2024

Designing learning technologies, however interactive they are, is a front-loaded activity with limited opportunity for adapting to the student response in their design. This paper explores the involvement of the student voice in the design of learning objects, and explores the issues involved in collaborative working in the process.
Learning in Multicultural Environments
Authors: Zurita Laura
Published: November 2024

This article will analyze how the teacher should collaborate with the learners in a co-design of virtual learning environments. Teachers design learning environments to fulfil a set of goals and aims, with a target group in mind. However, if there is a mismatch between the target group and the course, the learners will react to it either by exercising resistance, or by trying to adapt the artefact to their needs. In such cases, the teacher can use the learners' contribution as an input to the design. By using cultural historical activity theory, this paper will analyze those processes of co-design, using a case study as an example, and suggest that teachers recognize and support the role of learners as co-designers. On the one hand, it will contribute to the motivation of the learners. On the other hand, it will improve the quality of the course, adapting it to the needs and wishes of the target group.
Implementation of ICT in Higher Education as Interacting Activity Systems
Authors: Nyvang Tom
Published: November 2024

Implementation of ICT in higher education is not a trivial process. It is however a process leading to a number of challenges and problems. The paper develops a theoretical model of the implementation of ICT in higher education based on activity theory and on a case study in a Danish university. The model suggest that implementation in itself is an activity system. The implementation activity is composed of three processes: Selection of ICT; adaptation of ICT and change of practice with ICT. Furthermore the model suggests that the implementation activity interacts with and systems development activity and an educational activity. Based on the model and case study the paper suggest a framework of challenges that must be met for an implementation to succeed.
Networked Management Learning for Managers of Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Ponti Marisa , Hodgson Vivien
Published: November 2024

This paper argues that networked management learning might have specific relevance for SME management development since this model recognizes the importance of social relations and the associated relational dialogue that underpin knowledge and innovation in specific business contexts. Indeed NML reinforces the centrality of networking entrepreneurs and other relevant actors at the local level to increase the effectiveness of their actions and also helps integrate the different components of the local economy within a wider system. Drawing on socio-cultural learning theories, we propose a set of learning principles to guide the design of a networked management learning action-based learning programme for SME managers.
Networked Academic Societies in Collaborative Development of e-Learning Courses
Authors: Stamatis Demosthenes , Kefalas Petros , Tsadiras Athanasios
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we describe a framework for supporting Networked Academic Societies towards the collaborative development of e-Learning courses. Academics with common interests in teaching could combine their knowledge into the development of integrated e-Learning courses. This is a hard task, since the communication overhead is rather big to be ignored by busy academics, unless there are specifically designed ICT-based tools which could facilitate the collaboration. Groupware systems could fit this purpose to some extend, but they are rather general and need to be extended by specialised software modules. For this reason we suggest TeachWare as the necessary ICT collaboration system needed to support Networked Academic Societies, for which we provide specifications and give its abstract architecture.
The role of 'mediating forms of representation' in learning design
Authors: Conole Gráinne
Published: November 2024

There are a plethora of learning theories which can use to guide the development of learning activities. In addition there are now a rich variety of ICT tools which can potentially be used in innovative ways to support the implementation of these learning activities. Despite this the actual range of learning activities which demonstrate a variety of pedagogical approaches and innovative use of ICT tools is limited. Practitioners lack the necessary skills to make informed choices and are confused by the plethora of choices. This paper defines and describes the range of mediating artefacts (or mediating forms of representation) which are increasingly being used by practitioners to make more informed judgements in designing learning activities. It will consider how these mediating artefacts facilitate decision making.
Change in Collaboration over Time
Authors: Bird Alice
Published: November 2024

The current study investigates how collaboration, mediated by technology, changed as a new community of practice developed. In this case, the community involved work placement students, recruited to support academic staff development in the virtual learning environments at Liverpool John Moores University. The study is based on an analysis of placement student participation in an asynchronous discussion board, responses to an online questionnaire and further information derived from interviews conducted with four of the participants. Some key factors influencing change in collaboration are identified with suggestions made for future research in this area.
The Differences of Group learning in the Classroom-based and the Web-based Environments
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , McConnell David
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences of group learning (GL) in the classroom-based and the web-based environments through factor analysis. Our previous study has already identified 62 influencing factors of a GL process according to the content analysis from the literature. 276 teachers participated in a well-structured questionnaire survey and the data were analysed by SPSS. Four main factors were extracted and ranked according to their weightings. The findings reveal that there are differences of GL between these two environments, and two main factors are in the different positions for different environments. The interdependent relationship of these four main factors is described as a framework of a GL process.
A Cooperative Way to Learn "Comprehensible Writing"
Authors: Kroop Sylvana , Mangler Jürgen
Published: November 2024

Writing texts is difficult although a crucial ability for students. Courses that try to communicate these skills to students often focus on technical issues like correct referencing and scientific working. Writing texts that are understandable even for non-experts is a completely different problem. In an interdisciplinary setting this problem is even more present. "Comprehensible Writing" is the title of a current blended-learning project at the University of Vienna that tries to support the learning of this skill via the introduction of a blended-learning course setting including online learning modules. After highlighting the educational and theoretical background of our work, we will present our project, as well as the blended-learning scenarios that allow for cooperative writing of understandable texts. We will then conclude with a report about the evaluation of the scenarios in an expert workshop.
The Missing Teacher
Authors: Dippe Günther
Published: November 2024

A nationwide Swedish distance education programme, SÄL, was offered to adults with previous higher education studies working as teachers in K-12. A smaller study conducted among this group of students at Göteborg University, Göteborg, revealed concerns regarding teacher performance online. A follow-up and larger study using a questionnaire survey was used to reveal possible conflicts and contradictions in the programme. An analysis suggests that there is a contradiction between how the programme is presented and how it is carried out in a number of cases. There are also conflicts, not only between teachers and students, but also between senior university management and some of the course leaders/teachers. The study found that the students perceived many teachers as being absent in the discussions online. Teacher importance for student knowledge-building also scores very low compared, for example, with face-to-face meetings.
Action Research and Tutoring in the Learning Community
Authors: Crosta Lucilla , McConnell David
Published: November 2024

This paper presents some reflections on a study carried out as research student at the Department of Education, Sheffield University (UK). The research context is a post-graduate blended Master in Open Education and Training (MOET) carried out at the Bocconi University in Milano (Italy) in year 2004. The blended course was delivered partially via distance (online) and partially in presence (face-to-face). The study overall is presented as an Action Research approach where the teacher/tutor's personal online experience leads to considerations about possible ways to improve the learning process in online learning communities at post-graduate level.
The Impact of Using a Distance Learning Network on Building Teachers' Communities of Practice in Egypt
Authors: Gouda Amal , Banks Frank
Published: November 2024

This research is a case study of using a distance learning network for teachers' professional development in Egypt. It aims to investigate the impact of using Egypt's National Network for Distance Training (NNDT) in developing teachers' knowledge and on building communities of practice. It explores the role of professional development experts and teachers' participation within the network. In addition, it draws attention to the teachers' level of engagement in professional development programmes and, therefore, it reveals their modes of participation within the network. Moreover, it identifies the role of the technology in facilitating communication and collaboration between participants. Finally, this paper offers a number of recommendations that aim to develop the network capabilities to become a more 'effective' means for teachers' professional development in Egypt.
A small Multi-site Higher Education Institution Managing Change in its e-learning Culture
Authors: Cunningham Kellie , Greenwood Anthony , Howard James , Inman Jane , Johnson Samuel , Marcangelo Caroline , Weaver Margaret
Published: November 2024

This paper and associated poster report on the participant-observation of a project team working in a multi-site Higher Education institution in north-west England. The team was set up to create an action plan for the enhancement of flexible and distributed learning but as the project progressed it became clear that this was not an appropriate target. The paper reflects on the project team’s engagement with the Higher Education Academy’s “Change Academy” programme, its influence on their working methods and intended outcomes.
An evaluation of electronic and paper distance learning packages for practice based healthcare staff
Authors: Lee Karen , Lee John
Published: November 2024

A national educational package was produced for practice-based healthcare staff, for which web-based delivery was designed as the preferred option. A paper-based version was also made available. This study aims to examine staff reasons for choice of delivery mode and explore their experience of using the learning materials. Results from questionnaires show that despite an apparent higher degree of computer literacy than the general population, where given a choice, 66% staff chose paper-based in preference to web-based delivery. The most common reasons supplied were lack of computer skills and lack of computer access. It also appears of concern that 33% of those choosing web-based delivery did not complete the package. These issues will be further explored by focus groups.
Symposium 3: Culture and eLearning Design – Reflections on Integrating F2F and Online
Authors: Brewster Eric , Cavaleri Nicola , King Anny , Zähner Christoph
Published: November 2024

The CUTE (Chinese University Teachers Training in English) pilot project (2003-2004) within the framework of the eChina~UK programme aimed at improving the linguistic, presentation, and writing skills for academic exchange and teaching of Chinese academics across several fields at Tsinghua University, Beijing. One of the key features of this programme from the start was the specification of a 70% online to 30% F2F delivery of the course. During the development, trialling and implementation of the programme, significant insights into the culture of the Chinese classroom and the parameters for effective online design were gained. These insights ranged from insights into the nature of Chinese learning strategies, attitudes towards roles of teachers and learners, to attitudes towards the use of online materials.
This paper will focus on the results of the action research carried out during the design and implementation of the online support materials (December 2003-September 2004) and the F2F teaching experience (July and September 2004). A combination of observations, testing, questionnaires, individual and focus group interviews, tracking data, and comments in diaries and on the online forum inform the reflections presented in this paper. The needs analysis, 12 week course (three weeks F2F contact and 9 weeks of supported online self-study), and the continuous, collaborative development of the online course materials were the first contact points with Chinese classrooms for the tutors and provided numerous challenges for tutors, trainees, designers, and content developers to established practices and significant opportunities for self-development, critical reflection, and insights into learning and teaching in a F2F/online integrated course.
Symposium 3: Intercultural e-learning
Authors: Banks Sheena , Lally Vic , Bangxiang Liu , McConnell David
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on the processes of ‘intercultural’ collaboration in the development of eLearning materials for the eChina~UK programme
Symposium 3: Addressing Regulatory Issues Arising Within Cross-national, Collaborative eLearning Development Programmes
Authors: Windrum Caroline , Crook Charles
Published: November 2024

It is now widely accepted that all sectors of education will operate in increasingly regulated environments. The growth of eLearning provision in higher education presents an interesting challenge to the established frameworks and practices surrounding two of these areas: Quality Assurance and Intellectual Property Rights. Taken together, they present diverse demands upon those who wish to embark upon eLearning developments, particularly in cross-national, collaborative arenas. Using the example of the HEFCE funded eChina~UK programme, we examine how regulatory issues were experienced by the designers, and consider the varieties of solution that they discovered for dealing with them. We also suggest an approach for thinking more creatively about the opportunities for usefully deploying regulatory considerations to aid the educational materials design process.
Symposium 3: Bridging Cultures in Designing for Learning
Authors: Joyes Gordon
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on collaboration across professional cultures within the Sino–UK collaborative eLearning development projects at the University of Nottingham. It examines how technologists and academics developed a common understanding and effective ways of working. At the beginning of the project, the UK academics were unused to writing for online courses, and were unsure how to go about it. The technologists, on the other hand, simply wanted to be told what they needed to do, and this initially resulted in a communication breakdown. Audio and video recordings of key project meetings together with reflective journal entries and interviews with those involved in the collaboration were used to identify and explore a series of critical incidents that reveal key differences in perspective between the team members. The design approach that the team developed to bridge the differing perspectives is described as well as implications for practice.
Symposium 1: Translating Networked Learning
Authors: Enriquez Judith Guevarra
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the social network of learning beyond a functional understanding of social relations. It describes and interprets the realities of networked learning within a particular postgraduate course in an English university setting beyond the network analyses and graphical simulations of a software application. The use of social network analysis (SNA) alongside content analysis has dominated to some extent current studies in the field of networked learning. In particular, SNA has been used to analyse response relations among participants in online discussions in terms of, for example, centrality or strong and weak ties. Beyond relational ties, this paper presents a partial possibility and a different performativity of a network of learning, wherein the strength in relational ties does not only come from notions of centrality and frequency of responses, but also from the relational effects of multiple technical and social arrangements and engagements beyond the online environment as negotiated and anticipated among those involved.
Symposium 1: Networked Identities – Understanding Different Types of Social Organisation and Movements Between Strong and Weak Ties In Networked Environments
Authors: Ryberg Thomas , Larsen Malene Charlotte
Published: November 2024

In this article we take up a critique of the concept of Communities of Practice voiced by several authors, who suggest that network may provide a better metaphor to understand social forms of organisation and learning. This critique we situate within a broader theoretical movement in socio-cultural learning theories. From this we identify some theoretical and analytical challenges to the network metaphor, which we explore and elaborate through an analysis of a Danish social networking site.