bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
25.5: Invited Paper: An Updateable Holographic 3‐D Display Based on Photorefractive Polymers
Authors: Tay Savaş , Yamamoto Michiharu , Peyghambarian N.
Published: January 2009

We present the first updateable holographic 3‐D display with memory, capable of displaying a new image every few minutes. The holographic display uses a photorefractive polymer composite as recording medium with exceptional properties such as reversibility, high diffraction efficiency, large size (4×4 inches), fast recording and long hologram storage.
5.3: Polarity‐Sensitive Switching Nematic System from the Assembly of Achiral Tripod‐Shaped and Rod‐Shaped Molecules
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hoon , Lim Tong‐Kun , Kang Daeseung
Published: January 2009

Here we report a nematic system showing polarity‐sensitive switching behavior. An achiral rod‐shaped liquid crystal (LC) and an achiral tripod‐shaped dopant assembled each other and formed a unit block with strong electric dipole moment. This unit block has a shape of a tripod with extended legs and showed a macroscopic polarization under the electric field. Although the pure LC never showed polarity‐sensitive switching, but the optic axis of the assembled unit blocks rotated clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the sign of the applied field. The threshold field to show the polarity‐sensitive switching was lower in the sterically assembled sample (0.1 V/μm) than in the hydrogen‐bonded one (1.3 V/μm) and the field response time was much faster in the former case. The inverse of the response time of the sterically assembled sample was linearly proportional to the strength of the electric field in the strong field regime and this also indicates the polar property of the doped nematic system.
26.4: The Temporal Aperture of Broadcast Video
Authors: Van Heesch Franciscus H. , Klompenhouwer Michiel A.
Published: January 2009

The motion portrayal of TV‐Signals on LCDs depends on the temporal bandwidth of both display and signal. In this paper, extensive measurements of the temporal (dynamic) resolution of TV‐Signals are presented which are necessary to determine the temporal requirements of displays.
27.1: Invited Paper: High Efficiency Plasma Display Discharges
Authors: Oversluizen Gerrit , Itoh Kaoru , Shiga Tomokazu , Mikoshiba Shigeo
Published: January 2009

Plasma display panel efficacy data are correlated with panel emission measurements. A large (VIS/IR)‐ratio, of the phosphor emission in the visible to the Xe emission in the infrared, indicates a high Xe‐excitation efficiency. Monitoring the changes in the (VIS/IR)‐ratio allows a decomposition of the discharge efficiency into Xe‐excitation efficiency and electron‐heating efficiency contributions. for several different panel efficacy dependencies on sustain voltage and frequency, consistent trends in Xe‐excitation efficiency and electron‐heating efficiency are found. In addition, in order to follow the discharge development, the time dependence and the spatial distribution of the Xe emission are monitored. The combined results show that plasma saturation is significant for low Xe content panels in default operation conditions, and that plasma saturation decreases for high voltage, high frequency operation of high Xe‐content panels. Finally, it is found that the Xe‐excitation efficiency increases for increasing sustain voltage and frequency. These driving conditions, which are especially suited for high Xe‐content panels, govern a fast and spatially distributed discharge development, with a lower effective electron temperature and decreased plasma saturation.
27.2: Analysis of Discharges in High Luminous Efficacy PDP with 5lm/W
Authors: Akiyama Toshiyuki , Yamada Takashi , Kitagawa Masatoshi , Shinoda Tsutae
Published: January 2009

Discharge mechanism concerning the width of the display electrodes in high Xe content conditions has been researched for improving the luminous efficacy of PDPs. It was found that 5lm/W is realized under high Xe content and narrower display electrode conditions. In this paper, discharge phenomena in high Xe content conditions will be discussed as compared with that in low Xe content conditions.
27.3: Fully Addressable, Self‐Assembled Microcavity Plasma Arrays: Improved Luminous Efficacy by Controlling Device Geometry
Authors: Kim Kwang Soo , Yoon Je Kwon , Xie Edgar W. , Kim Taek Lim , Heimberg Graham S. , Park Sung‐Jin , Eden J. Gary
Published: January 2009

Addressable, self‐assembled Al electrodes enclosed by Al2O3 have been fabricated by wet chemical processes. Square 4″ × 4″ panels comprising two electrodes having microcavities with a diameter of 50–150 μm are formed by precisely controlled electrochemical processes suitable for low cost manufacturing. This presentation reports the feasibility of high resolution plasma displays and improved luminous efficacy in xenon by optimization of the device geometry and microcavity shape.
28.1: Wide Pretilt Angle Control of Liquid Crystal Display Device by Ion Beam Exposure
Authors: Seo Joo‐Hong , Jang Hong Jeek , Lee Seong Ryong , Song Dong Han , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Kim Jae Chang , Yi Mi Hye
Published: January 2009

The pretilt angle of nematic liquid crystals on an alignment layer can be controlled from 2 to 89° by ion beam treatment of the alignment layer. Ion beam is used to partially destroy the vertical functional molecules of the vertical alignment materials. We also apply this method to no‐bend‐bias‐voltage optically compensated birefringence (OCB) mode with a pretilt angle of 55°. The OCB cell made by our method is a good candidate for high quality OCB mode because of the merits of uniformity of ion beam alignment and low power consumption of no‐bend‐bias voltage.
5.4: Improvement of Fast Response LC Materials by Bent‐Core Dopants in Optical Compensated Bend (OCB) Mode Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Wang Ling‐Yung , Tsai Shin‐Yi , Lin Hong‐Cheu , Chen Szu‐Fen Fenny , Lyu Robert , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: January 2009

The stabilization of bend configuration in optical compensated bend (OCB) mode cells by doping bent‐core molecules was developed in this study. The values of response time (τ) and threshold voltage (Vth) in OCB cells were dependent on not only the concentration but also the shape, dipole direction, and flexible chain length of the doping molecules. Experimental results showed that the total response time (τtotal) and threshold voltage (Vth) of OCB cells could be reduced by doping bent‐core molecules, and smaller τ values by reducing flexible chain lengths as well as smaller Vth values by reducing polarization of bent‐core molecules were normally obtained. In general, higher concentrations of dopants normally induced shorter field‐on response time (τon) and a minimum field‐off response time (τoff) occurred at 0.5% of doping concentration, where the fastest total response time (τtotal) values were achieved.
29.3: Combined Electrical and Optical Simulation of OLED Devices
Authors: Nitsche Robert , Kurpiers‐Guenther Matthias , Thomschke Michael , Schober Matthias , Leo Karl
Published: January 2009

In this contribution, we present simulation results of an emitter doped phosphorescent OLED. An alternative method for the determination of correct electrical input parameters is proposed. The exciton profile from the electrical simulation is used to simulate angle dependent emission spectra. Comparison with experimental data demonstrates the feasibility of the underlying physical models.
29.4: Extraction Enhancement and Lateral Cavity Effect of Organic Light Emitting Diode by Using Metallic Nanostructures
Authors: Hsu Shen‐Yu , Lee Ming‐Chang , Wei Pei‐Kuen , Lee Kuang‐Li , Yao Yeong‐Der , Lin Tzu‐Pin , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: January 2009

The extraction efficiency of organic light emitting devices is enhanced by depositing metallic nanowires on ITO anode. for the aluminum tris‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (Alq3) based devices, the nanowire array increases light extraction up to 46% from glass substrate and 80% from the organic layer.
30.1: Flexible Image Sensor Made of a‐Si:H TFTs on Metal Foil
Authors: Hur Ji Ho , Kim Hyo Jun , Lee Eun Ho , Lee Jung Woo , Hong Soonwon , Lee Donghoon , Kim Se Hwan , Oh Dong Hae , Jeong Jun Young , Cheon Jun Hyuk , Jang Jin
Published: January 2009

We have developed a flexible image sensor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistor (a‐Si:H TFT) on metal foil. The metal foil was treated by electrolytic polishing and thus its RMS surface roughness was reduced from 1205 to 71.6 Å. The sensor has 160 × 128 pixels, where a pixel has one switching TFT, one sensor TFT and a storage capacitor. A clear image was demonstrated on the metal foil using conventional pixel having two transistors and one cap.
30.2: Active Matrix Electrophoretic Displays on Temporary Bonded Stainless Steel Substrates with 180 °C a‐Si:H TFTs
Authors: O'Rourke Shawn M. , Venugopal Sameer M. , Raupp Gregory B. , Allee David R. , Ageno Scott , Bawolek Edward J. , Loy Douglas E. , Kaminski Jann P. , Moyer Curt , O'Brien Barry , Long Ke , Marrs Michael , Bottesch Dirk , Dailey Jeff , Trujillo Jovan , Cordova Rita , Richards Mark , Toy Daniel , Colaneri Nicholas
Published: January 2009

A low temperature, 180 °C, amorphous Si (a‐Si:H) process on bonded stainless steel substrates is discussed and a 3.8‐inch QVGA active matrix (AM) electrophoretic display as well as a 64×64 electrophoretic display with integrated column drivers are demonstrated. The n‐channel thin‐film transistors (TFTs) exhibited saturation mobilities of 0.7 cm2/V‐sec, median drive currents of 26.2 μA and low defectivity.
31.1: Invited Paper: Inkjet Technology for Large Size Color Filter Plates
Authors: Souk Jun H. , Kim Byung Joo
Published: January 2009

In recent years, the inkjet printing technology has advanced close to the level of application to the flat panel display manufacturing[1][2]. Especially for the TFT‐LCD color filter application, ink jet printing method offers great advantages over the conventional photolithography method in the area of cost saving and productivity enhancement[3]. In this paper, we present the process and characteristics of the inkjet printed color filter which has been developed for 40 inch FHD LCD panel for TV application fabricated from the Gen.8 size glass.
31.2: Invited Paper: Various Inkjet Methods for Thin Film Transistor Array Fabrication
Authors: Uchikoga Shuichi , Amemiya Isao
Published: January 2009

Fabrication of electronic devices by printing technique is attracting interest in the expectation of lowering production cost. There is an ongoing work using various printing methods. This paper outlines some of the important aspect of printing in terms of fabricating thin film transistor (TFT) arrays. Appropriate combination of inkjet head and the ink material must be considered. Non‐piezoelectric inkjet printing methods, such as ultrasonic inkjet printing and electrostatic inkjet printing are also introduced for fabricating all‐solution‐processed organic thin‐film transistor.
31.3: The Fabrication of Single Substrate Multi‐Color Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display by Ink‐Jet Printing
Authors: Lu Jhih‐Ping , Chen Fang‐Chung , Chen Fu‐Kang , Chen Wen‐Chun , Hsu Chen‐Chun , Liao Yuan‐Chang , Lee Yuh‐Zheng
Published: January 2009

We have developed a novel encapsulation method capable of producing single substrate multi‐color cholesteric liquid crystal displays patterned by ink‐jet printing. The top electrode can be printed onto thin excellent dielectric polymer layer covering Ch‐LC. A 10.4 inch bi‐stable display is successfully driven to demonstrate this proposed technique.
31.4: Solvent Effect on Uniformity of the Performance of Inkjet Printed Organic Thin‐Film Transistors for Flexible Display
Authors: Choi Min Hee , Lee Sun Hee , Han Seung Hoon , Kim Yong Hee , Choo Dong Joon , Jang Jin , Kwon Soon Ki
Published: January 2009

We have studied solvent effect on the uniformity of the performance of the organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) by inkjet printing using TIPS pentacene as an active layer. A 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene and cyclohexanol were used to control the viscosity for TIPS pentacene printing process. The uniformity of the performance of the TIPS pentacene TFT was greatly improved.
32.2: The Improvement of In‐Cell Microretarder for Stereoscopic LCD Fabrication
Authors: Lee Chao‐Te , Tsai Chao‐Hsu , Lin Hoang‐Yan
Published: January 2009

A microretarder for stereoscopic display is a thin film consisting of horizontal or vertical stripes with alternating null and half‐wave phase retardation states. As to in‐cell microretarder, we improved the phase retardation performance and proceeded to integrate the stereoscopic LCD structure together. In our final goal, the in‐cell microretarder LC panel with ten pixels will be proposed and produced to verify display performance.
32.3: Liquid Crystal Panel for High Efficiency Autostereoscopic 3D Displays
Authors: Chuang Shang‐Chih , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Mphepö Wallen , Wu Chi‐Lin , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Hsu Shih‐Chia , Lin Ching‐Huan , Hu Chih‐Jen
Published: January 2009

This paper proposes a configuration of liquid crystal panel for 3D application with the viewing angle property of each pixel varied and optimized for the direction to the corresponding perspective view, and the light blocking area of each pixel is located in accommodation to the lenticular and barrier design. The simulation result shows better performance on efficiency and cross talk comparing to the similar 3D display using traditional liquid crystal panel with the same pixel count and pixel size.
33.2: Development of Single Chip Overdrive LSI with Embedded Frame Memory
Authors: Someya Jun , Nagase Akihiro , Okuda Noritaka , Nakanishi Kunifumi , Sugiura Hiroaki
Published: January 2009

Methods of reducing overdrive memory using fixed block truncation coding (FBTC) have been studied since 2002, and the effects have been described from time to time. To date, our study has developed a timing controller for liquid crystal panels (TCON), and located in this panel, are a compression feedforward driving (cFFD) unit, which constitutes the basic structure, and a motion adaptive CODEC feedforward driving (macFFD) unit, which switches the structure according to the motion. Both driving units are available for the overdrive of 1/3 compressed images. Further in 2006, we proposed a high compression feedforward driving (hcFFD) algorithm for 1/6 compressed image overdrive. This paper reports the technology of hcFFD integrated into a single LSI, in which the performance has been improved and the circuit has been simplified through a review of the algorithm.
33.3: A Novel Image Compression Algorithm for Overdriving
Authors: Lee Sung Kyu , Yoo Donggon , Kang Sukju , Kim Young Hwan
Published: January 2009

An image compression algorithm is proposed to reduce the frame memory requirements in overdriving technologies. The algorithm is expected to have a simple hardware architecture. Experiments show that the algorithm provides an average peak signal‐to‐noise ratio above 35 dB, while also ensuring a compression ratio above 6:1.
34.2: Invited Paper: Development of 1m × 2m Plasma Tube Array PTA Technologies Ready for Ultra‐Large Film Display
Authors: Hirakawa Hitoshi , Shinohe Kouji , Yamazaki Yousuke , Ishimoto Manabu , Awamoto Kenji , Shinoda Tsutae
Published: January 2009

The plasma tubes array is expected to realize the next generation of wall size display because of its wonderful characteristics such as ultra‐thin, light‐weight, flexible and low power consumption. We had successfully developed a prototype film display of 1m × 2m screen size which was consisted of 4 sub‐modules of 0.5m × 1m with the seam width under 1mm. The weight, thickness and power consumption of the film display were measured at 2.5kg, 1mm and 400W respectively.
34.3: Development of advanced ALIS PDP with Hybrid Driving Method
Authors: Itokawa Naoki , Ito Katsumi , Takeuchi Masanori , Kimura Yuichiro , Kishi Tomokatsu , Hashimoto Yasunobu
Published: January 2009

We developed an advanced ALIS 50‐inch panel with box type barrier rib to improve picture quality. The response to vertical spatial frequency is improved by the narrowing of a discharge area, and also the peak luminance of 1500 cd/m2is achieved by newly developed Hybrid Driving Method.
34.4: Novel Priming Discharge Technique for 120‐Hz FHD Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Ryeom Jeongduk
Published: January 2009

A novel priming discharge technique in which the ramp shaped priming pulse is applied to the entire panel simultaneously overlapping with the sustain period is developed for the dual scanning FHD plasma display panel of 120Hz. From the experiments, the priming period inserted in the sustain period did not influence sustain and address discharges and high‐speed addressing with scan pulse width of 0.7 μs was achieved with address voltage margin of 40 V.
35.2: A Novel Transflective OCB LCD for Mobile TV Applications
Authors: Yao I‐An , Chang Shu‐Hui , Chen Chueh‐Ju , Yang Chiu‐Lien , Pang Jia‐Pang
Published: January 2009

A novel transflective display with wide viewing angle and fast response time has been fabricated by association with an optically compensated bend (OCB) liquid crystal mode. By applying the pseudo‐impulse driving method, the driving voltage is reduced and the motion picture quality of conventional hold‐type LCDs is greatly improved. Moreover, the UHA technology is also applied to improve the insufficient transmittance of OCB LCD caused by the impulse driving method. We demonstrated a 2.2‐intch QCIF+ TR‐OCB LCD with a high aperture ratio of 80% and a fast response time of 1.6ms in the reflective region. It exhibits a vivid image quality and wide viewing angle characteristics in both outdoor and indoor circumstances, which is suitable for mobile TV applications.
36.1: Invited Paper: Cost Competitive Vacuum Deposition Technology for Small Molecule OLED Manufacturing
Authors: Long Michael , Boroson Michael L. , Freeman Dennis R. , Koppe Bruce E. , Palone Thomas W. , Redden Neil P.
Published: January 2009

This paper will discuss how the unit manufacturing cost of AMOLED displays can be reduced by as much as 40% through the use of a flash vaporization source first presented at SID 2006. This cost reduction is achieved principally through higher materials utilization and higher productivity.
36.2: Invited Paper: Progress in Laser Induced Thermal Imaging of OLEDs
Authors: Wolk Martin B. , Lamansky Sergey , Tolbert William A.
Published: January 2009

We have developed Laser Induced Thermal Imaging (LITI) as a high resolution patterning method for OLED materials. The process is compatible with high throughput OLED manufacture on large format display glass. OLED devices fabricated using LITI technology have attained a level of performance that is acceptable for commercial applications.
36.3: An Organic Light‐Emitting Diode with Highly Efficient Light Extraction Using Newly Developed Diffraction Layer
Authors: Sano Hiroshi , Okutani Satoshi , Kamiura Norihiko , Sawatani Takumi , Fujita Daisuke , Takehara Toshifumi , Kobayashi Michiya , Okada Naotada , Nakanishi Tsutomu , Fujimoto Akira , Asakawa Koji , Sunohara Kazuyuki , Ibaraki Nobuki
Published: January 2009

In order to improve light extraction from an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a novel structure of a top emission OLED was proposed by applying the diffraction layer. We have achieved 1.65 times higher light extraction efficiency in case of electroluminescence (EL), and 2.37 times in case of photoluminescence (PL).
6.2: Mechanical Properties of Jade™ Glass Substrate for LTPS Application
Authors: Helfinstine John D. , Gulati Suresh T. , Ono Toshihiko
Published: January 2009

Mechanical properties of Jade™ glass substrate, including ring‐on‐ring strength of surfaces, vertical bend strength of ground edges, dynamic fatigue constant, fracture toughness, and Young's modulus, are presented. This high strain point glass is designed to meet low compaction requirement for low temperature polysilicon process (LTPS). Its fusion surface quality ensures pristine surfaces with high strength. Its superior edge finish leads to high edge strength. Its composition and manufacturing process eliminate the need for post‐forming thermal treatment. Its intrinsic thermal stability minimizes viscous distortion during LTPS processing. Its fracture toughness is similar to that of a‐Si glasses, yet its fatigue resistance is superior due, primarily, to its composition.
36.5: Late‐News Paper: The Light Distribution in OLEDs and Ways to Increase the Light Outcoupling Efficiency
Authors: Werner Ansgar , Rothe Carsten , Denker Ulrich , Pavicic Domagoj , Hofmann Michael , Mladenovski Saso , Neyts Kristiaan
Published: January 2009

Power efficiency of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) is in the focus of worldwide research in order to reduce power consumption of displays and to improve the competitive situation of OLEDs for lighting devices. The optical properties of OLEDs are studied with the aim to enhance the fraction of light coupled out of these devices. Simulation software has been used to analyze the transfer of internally generated emission into usable external light modes. Results from modeling have been compared to experimental data to build trust into the validity of the results. Critical parameters influencing outcoupling properties have been identified. Thus, 185lm/W at 1000cd/m2 have been achieved for a green PIN‐OLED using a high‐n substrate & half ball lens. Finally, some conclusions for the design of outcoupling enhancing means are drawn.
37.1: Novel Development of Large‐Sized Electrowetting Display
Authors: Cheng Wei Yuan , Lo Kuo Lung , Chang Yu Pei , Wang Chung Wei , Su Pei Ju , Lee Hsin Hung , Lee Da Wei , Lee Kuo Chang , Hsiao Chih Chun , Shiu Jyh Wen , Fuh Shur Yir , Liao Yuan Chang , Yang Jen Chieh , Hsieh Cheng Hsi
Published: January 2009

A large size panel manufacturing process for electrowetting display (EWD) by using surface treatment and ink‐jet printing (IJP) techniques had been developed. for hydrophilic rib fabrication, surface treatment technique was adopted to reinforce the adhesion of hydrophilic material on hydrophobic layer to achieve large‐Sized panel manufacturing. Also, for dosing of non‐polar liquid, IJP technique was used to dose the liquid into the unit pixel individually. By using IJP technique to dose the red, green, and blue oils, full color of EWD can be achieved without adopting color filter in the future. Here, a 6‐inch monochrome EWD prototype was successfully fabricated by using our proposed techniques.
37.2: Field‐Sequential FLCDs Fabricated by Ink‐Jet Technology (II)
Authors: Okabe Masato , Ishikawa Makoto , Sawatari Naoko , Harada Ryo
Published: January 2009

We have developed a novel manufacturing process for ferroelectric liquid crystal displays (FLCDs) using Inkjet printing method. It is low cost process and having potential to be applied to large displays. Furthermore, We investigated panel structure and condition of assemble under vacuum atmosphere.
37.3: Low Cost Manufacturing of Patterned Films with Nano‐Precision
Authors: Zhou Zhilian , Rothrock Ginger , Mar Doug , Meng Xiansheng , Orr Jennie , Henn Robert
Published: January 2009

Much attention has been given to methodologies for patterning optical films with nanoscale precision at the scale and economics required by the Flat Panel Display industry. By using a proprietary mold material, the PRINT™ (Pattern Replication In Nonwetting Template) technology enables low cost manufacturing of precise micro and nanoscale features with single nanometer precision from virtually any material.
37.4: Late‐News Paper: Integration of Carbon Nanotube Transparent Electrodes into Display Applications
Authors: Park Young‐Bae , Hu Liangbing , Gruner George , Irvin Glen , Drzaic Paul
Published: January 2009

Carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films for transparent, conducting electrodes are introduced for display device applications. We have vertically integrated the CNT thin films from synthesis to integration on devices. Here we report the brief characteristics of the CNT network thin film and process feasibility of the CNT films for TFT pixel and common electrodes in TFT‐LCDs.
39.1: Invited Paper: Fabrication of Antireflection Coatings for Displays
Authors: Chunder Anindarupa , Etcheverry Kenneth , Zhai Lei
Published: January 2009

Antireflection and antifogging coatings were fabricated on polycarbonate substrates using the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of polyelectrolytes and silica nanoparticles. Antireflective coatings were also built on glass substrates by alternating spraying polyelectrolyte and silica nanoparticle solutions. The transmittance of the sample with both sides coated using the dipping method is above 99 % while the coating built through spraying can reduce the one side reflection from 4% to 1%. Such technology provides a simple approach to fabricate antireflection coatings on displays.
39.2: Distinguished Paper: Novel Single Gap TRLCD with High Reflective Image Quality
Authors: Hsu Shih‐Chia , Lin Ching‐Huan , Chen Ying‐Ru , Lin Hsiang‐Lin , Hu Chih‐Jen
Published: January 2009

The transmissive and reflective gamma curve incongruence is a serious issue for single gap TRLCD. ACC (Advanced Capacitor Coupling) technology has been developed to make the reflective gamma curve similar to the transmissive gamma curve. The threshold voltage and slop of reflective gamma curve are well controlled. The cross‐talk issue due to electrical coupling of data line is also solved by a new electrical shielding structure. An improved array process is used to reduce manufacturing cost and increase array throughput. with ACC Tech., the TRLCD can have both simple structure and good transflective optical performances.
39.4: Liquid‐Crystal Etalon Device for Reflective Display
Authors: Dorjgotov Enkh‐Amgalan , Bos Philip J. , Bhowmik Achintya K.
Published: January 2009

The design for a new type of polarization independent, high reflectivity color pixel is shown. The pixel is based on a liquid crystal etalon with dielectric mirrors. Reflectance in wavelength over a 30nm region of color channel is presented.
3.2: Distinguished Paper: 15‐inch XGA Dual‐Plate OLED Display (DOD) Based on Amorphous Silicon (a‐Si) TFT Backplane
Authors: Han Chang‐Wook , Kim Ock‐Hee , Bae Sung‐Joon , Lee Moon‐Ky , Nam Woo‐Jin , Tak Yoon‐Heung , Kang In Byeong , Chung In Jae
Published: January 2009

We report the improved AMOLED with a‐Si TFT backplane based on our unique structure. Our new structure use the encapsulation glass as a substrate for OLED which enable us to achieve the high aperture ratio, large TFT area, high luminescence uniformity, and low anode resistance.
40.3: Novel Anchoring Stabilization Method for High‐Temperature Storage in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Microcapsules Using Nano‐Particles Deposited on the Shell
Authors: Hiji Naoki , Manabe Chikara , Kakinuma Takeo , Yamamoto Shigeru
Published: January 2009

A conventional bistable cholesteric liquid crystal microcapsule cell has had insufficient image stability for high‐temperature storage due to its anchoring instability. In this report, a novel anchoring stabilization method using nano‐particles deposited on the shell is proposed. This method enables high anchoring stability up to a storage temperature of just 10°C below the clearing point.
41.1: Invited Paper: Molecular Design of Organic Semiconductors Aiming for High Performance OLED, OFET and Organic Laser Diode
Authors: Adachi Chihaya
Published: January 2009

We report recent progresses on organic light emitting devices such as organic light emitting diode (OLED), light‐emitting organic field effect transistor (LE‐OFET) and organic laser diode (OLD). We demonstrate very low driving voltage of OLEDs using a p‐i‐n structure which also provides high current carrier injection over kA/cm2. Further we demonstrate novel organic devices such as light emitting FET. We also discuss future prospect of OLD based on our recent materials' development and analysis of operation mechanism.
41.4: Role of Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation in Highly Efficient Fluorescent Devices
Authors: Kondakov Denis Y.
Published: January 2009

Studies of delayed electroluminescence in model OLEDs based on anthracene derivatives indicate that triplet‐triplet annihilation contributes significantly to overall efficiency. Estimated contribution from annihilation depends primarily on anthracene host structure and operating current density, reaching as much as 20–30% in exemplary highly efficient devices at 20 mA/cm2.
42.1: Invited Paper: Improved Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O TFTs
Authors: Hayashi Ryo , Sato Ayumu , Ofuji Masato , Abe Katsumi , Yabuta Hisato , Sano Masafumi , Kumomi Hideya , Nomura Kenji , Kamiya Toshio , Hirano Masahiro , Hosono Hideo
Published: January 2009

We review the features of amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs), as well as circuit operation based on these TFTs. We also report a novel TFT structure which improves environmental stability of the TFT operation by taking full advantage of the a‐IGZO properties, where a conventional PECVD a‐SiNX:H films serve not only as an effective barrier layer but also as a hydrogen source to form the coplanar source and drain.
42.2: World's Largest (15‐inch) XGA AMLCD Panel Using IGZO Oxide TFT
Authors: Lee Je‐hun , Kim Do‐hyun , Yang Dong‐ju , Hong Sun‐young , Yoon Kap‐soo , Hong Pil‐soon , Jeong Chang‐oh , Park Hong‐Sik , Kim Shi Yul , Lim Soon Kwon , Kim Sang Soo , Son Kyoung‐seok , Kim Tae‐sang , Kwon Jang‐yeon , Lee Sang‐yoon
Published: January 2009

The world's largest (15‐inch) XGA active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) panel made with IGZO TFTs (W/L=29.5/4 μm) was fabricated and evaluated with the field effective mobility of 4.2±0.4 cm2/V‐s, Vth of −1.3±1.4V and sub‐threshold swing (SS) of 0.96±0.10 V/dec. for a manufacturing‐oriented process, the main factors affecting threshold voltage (Vth) of the IGZO thin film transistors (TFT) are investigated. On the glass surface, thicker regions of IGZO film have a negative threshold voltage shift. A dry etching process of molybdenum source and drain (S/D) causes negative shift of the average threshold voltage compared to wet etching in the bottom gate back channel etched TFTs. However, optimization of SiOx passivation and subsequent annealing shift average Vth positively and reduce Vth variation.
42.3: Transparent ZnO Thin Film Transistor for the Application of High Aperture Ratio Bottom Emission AM‐OLED Display
Authors: Park Sang‐Hee Ko , Ryu Minki , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Yang Shinhyuk , Byun Chunwon , Lee Jeong‐Ik , Shin Jaeheon , Yoon Sung Min , Chu Hye Yong , Cho Kyoung Ik , Lee Kimoon , Oh Min Suk , Im Seongil
Published: January 2009

We have fabricated 2.5″ QCIF+ bottom emission AM‐OLED with aperture ratio of 59.6% using fully transparent ZnO‐TFT array and highly conductive oxide/metal/oxide electrode for the first time. The bias stability of ZnO TFT was improved by optimizing ZnO deposition and first gate insulator process. Plasma free process for the gate insulator makes ZnO TFT very stable under electrical bias stress. The Vth shift was less than 0.3V after VDS=25 V and VGS=15 V application for 60 hours. Transparent ZnO TFT characteristics did not change noticeably under irradiation of visible light.
42.4L: Late‐News Paper: 4 inch QVGA AMOLED Driven by the Threshold Voltage Controlled Amorphous GIZO (Ga2O3‐In2O3‐ZnO) TFT
Authors: Son Kyoung‐Seok , Kim Tae‐Sang , Jung Ji‐Sim , Ryu Myung‐Kwan , Park Kyung‐Bae , Yoo Byung‐Wook , Kim Jung‐Woo , Lee Young‐Gu , Kwon Jang‐Yeon , Lee Sang‐Yoon , Kim Jong‐Min
Published: January 2009

We successfully fabricated GIZO (Ga2O3‐In2O3‐ZnO) TFTs with high mobility of 2.6 cm2/Vs and threshold voltage standard deviation of 0.7V which is comparable to that of a‐Si TFTs. Because conventional 5 mask process and bottom gate TFT structure of back channel etch type with channel length of 5 μm is used, it is expected to be transferred to mass production line in near future. Also we report the dependency of threshold voltage on the post process after the back surface of GIZO is exposed and suggest the effective method for controlling the threshold voltage of amorphous GIZO TFTs. Finally we demonstrate 4 inch QVGA AMOLED display driven by GIZO TFTs.
43.1: Distinguished Paper: Design Parameters of Roll Printing Process for TFT‐LCD Fabrication
Authors: Chang Youn‐Gyoung , Nam Seong‐Hee , Kim Nam‐Kook , Kook Yun‐Ho , Kim Jinook , Yoo Soon‐Seong , Kim Chang‐Dong , Kang Inbyeong , Chung In‐Jae
Published: January 2009

Recently, breakthrough technology for the low cost process in TFT‐LCD and new process development for integrating it with flexible display fabrication has been studied importantly. As a way of achieving this goal, we have investigated roll printing process with etch‐resist material as non‐photolithographic patterning technique. We characterized the properties of patterns formed with roll printing process, derived the design concepts, and found the best way to fabricate the panel by this process. Thus, we were made the prototype of 15″ XGA TFT‐LCD panel by using all printing processes.
43.4: Enhancement of Roll Printing Accuracy for TFT‐LCD
Authors: Nam Seung‐Hee , Yoo Soon‐Sung , Chang Youn‐Gyoung , Kim Nam‐Kook , Kook Yun‐Hoo , Kim Jinook , Kim Chang‐Dong , Kang Inbyeong , Chung In‐Jae
Published: January 2009

We have developed roll printing process for low cost TFT LCD fabrication. Pattern position accuracy which is the most important issue for successful printing process could be improved by remodeling the blanket structure and the physical property of PDMS. Through improving printing pattern accuracy, we were able to print all layers of TFT and CF on substrates and a 15 inch XGA TFT LCD panel adopting TN mode was successfully fabricated.
44.2: Novel Front‐light System Using Fine‐pitch Patterned OLED
Authors: Koma Norio , Ikehara Tadayoshi , Tanase Kenji , Karasawa Yasushi , Miyashita Satoru , Atobe Mitsurou
Published: January 2009

We have developed a novel front‐light system that uses an organic light emitting diode (OLED) light source patterned with a fine pitch. The front‐light system has the following characteristics: 1. Excellent uniformity within the light emitting area; 2. Emittance that is consistent at all viewing angles; 3. No light leakage at any viewing angle from the side of the observer. This system can be adopted for reflective LCDs, electrophoretic displays (EPD), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other applications.
44.4: Invited Paper: The Organic Alternative to ITO
Authors: Louwet Frank
Published: January 2009

Orgacon™ products are based on the conducting polymer PEDOT/PSS and are very promising materials in cost‐effective R2R production of large area electronics. This paper will show both the progress in the surface resistance/VLT and progress in the stability (T/R.H. and light stability). A new generation of films, coating formulations and inks will be presented.
45.4: High Frequency LVDS Interface for F‐HD 120Hz LCD TV
Authors: Jung Hyun‐Gi , Yoon Jeong‐Hwan , Kim Chang‐Gone , Kim Yung‐Ock , Song Jae Hoon , Lee Young‐Hun , Hwang Yong‐Kee
Published: January 2009

In FHD 120Hz TV, frame rate converting IC with the MEMC (Motion Estimation and Motion Compensation) function is applied to make the 120Hz image and 2 cables with 4 port LVDS pairs are used to transmit FHD 120Hz image data. Therefore, The cost of FHD 120Hz TV System is higher than the cost of FHD 60Hz TV System. LGD(LG‐Display) have evaluated the new FHD 120Hz LCD panel with HF (High Frequency) LVDS which is the most cost‐effective way to make FHD 120Hz TV System. This paper will review the technical aspects of FHD 120Hz LCD panel with HF LVDS and cost and propose to adapt Next Generation Interface for the new standard of FHD 120Hz LCM (LCD Module) in the Future.
46.3: High Performance Active Matrix Electrophoretic Display Controller
Authors: Gates Holly , Ohkami Takahide , Low Yun Shon
Published: January 2009

An enhanced functionality controller IC for active matrix electrophoretic displays has been developed. The IC offers the ability to run up to 16 updates concurrently on different areas of the screen, allowing multiple image modification operations to proceed independently in time and space. This capability, when combined with the latest commercial EPD materials and waveforms, enables compelling improvements to interactive usage modes like pen input and fast UI operation. Supported panel resolution range and system integration features have also been significantly expanded.
46.4: Ghosting Reduction Using Digital Halftoning for Electrophoretic Displays
Authors: Feng Guotong , Gormish Michael J.
Published: January 2009

Ghosting on electrophoretic displays is an image artifact where previously displayed image content is visible in the current image. This paper introduces use of the previous image in a digital halftoning method to dither ghosting errors from grayscale imagery. Experiments show this method eliminates ghosting artifacts providing quality images without hardware modification.
47.1: Invited Paper: Charge Transporters for OLED's: Strategies and Performance
Authors: Kathirgamanathan Poopathy , Arkley Vincent , Surendrakumar Sivagnanasundram , Chan Yun Fu , Antipan‐Lara Juan , Ganeshamurugan Subramaniam , Kumaraverl Muttulingham , Paramaswara Gnanamoly , Ravichandran Seenivasagam
Published: January 2009

There is a continuing demand for the reduction in power consumption, operating voltage and lengthening the lifetime of OLED's. Charge transport (hole and electron) materials (pure or doped) are an integral part of any OLED. It has been reported that nearly 60% of the total electric power is lost through the charge transport layers, nearly 36% through etl and 5.7% through eil and the remainder through, hil, htl and hbl. The life time is also critically dependent on the nature of the charge transporters employed. Thus, there is an urgent need for electron transporters with high mobility and stability. We present and demonstrate here some strategies as to the selection of appropriate materials for efficient electron transport and injection resulting in lower operating voltage, higher efficiencies and longer life‐time.
47.4: Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Device Stability Analysis
Authors: D'Andrade Brian W. , Weaver Michael S. , Mackenzie Peter B. , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Brown Julie J. , Giebink Noel C. , Forrest Stephen R. , Thompson Mark E.
Published: January 2009

A model based on defect generation by exciton‐polaron annihilation interactions between the emitter and host molecules, in a blue phosphorescent OLED, is shown to fit well with experimental data. A blue PHOLED with (0.15, 0.25) chromaticity is shown to have a half‐life, from 1,000 nits, of 690 hrs.
48.3: A 2 Inch LTPS AMOLED with an Embedded Lateral p‐i‐n Photodiode Sensors
Authors: Kim Se Hwan , Lee Seung Hoon , Park Won Hoon , Son Nam Kil , Kim Ah Ruem , Hur Ji Ho , Kwon Jang Hyuk , Jang Jin , Im Ki Ju , Lee Dongkyu , Jeong Dong Seob , Mo Yeon Gon , Chung Ho Kyoon
Published: January 2009

We developed a 2 inch low temperature poly‐Si active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) with an embedded p‐i‐n photodiode. The pixels for both OLED and photodiode are designed using poly‐Si TFT and poly‐Si p‐i‐n. The lateral p‐i‐n photodiode exhibited the photo response of ∼40 dB under 100 lux. We have demonstrated the display and sensors successfully on glass. This technology can be used for AMOLED integrated with touch sensor and brightness control sensor.
48.4: Sensor Embedded Electrophoretic Display Using Organic Thin‐Film Transistors on Plastic
Authors: Han Seung Hoon , Kim Yong Hee , Lee Sun Hee , Choi Min Hee , Jang Jin , Hur Ji Ho , Hong Sung Man
Published: January 2009

In this paper, we demonstrated a 5″ sensor embedded organic thin‐film transistor(OTFT) driven electrophoretic display (EPD) on plastic. The pentacene TFT was integrated with pentacene photo‐TFT to make EPD with image senor on plastic. The EPD on front side and sensor on rear side were demonstrated.
49.1: Invited Paper: Laser‐Induced Full Body Cleavage of Glass for FPDs
Authors: Karube Kojiro , Karube Norio
Published: January 2009

In this paper, we describe the laser‐induced full body cleavage of FPD glass, i.e. its technology and properties of work processed by it. It is the next generation technology after the surface scribing using CO2 laser irradiation. The removal of size effect which was considered to be inherent to full body cleavage was the main subject of this investigation.
49.2: Innovative Laser Patterning of Black Matrix for LCD Manufacture
Authors: Harrison Paul M. , Wendland Jozef , Henry Matthew
Published: January 2009

Patterning the Black Matrix (BM) layer in an LCD typically employs wet‐etch lithography. This paper describes an alternative laser‐based patterning technique called Assist Liquid™. This technique meets rigorous customer targets and may offer a more cost effective solution for LCD manufacture.
49.4: Direct Imaging System by using a UV Pulse Laser and Small Variable Aperture Masks for Color Filter (CF) Fabrication
Authors: Shigeno Yukihide , Koyagi Yasuyuki
Published: January 2009

We have now developed a CF fabrication system, which have some small variable masks and expose by the UV pulse laser. The system can handle maximum 8th generation substrates. The feature is that the masks consist of 2 movable apertures and the sizes of apertures are relatively small (about 120 * 150 mm for one imaging head).
50.1:Invited Paper: Sample Applications Suitable for Features of Integral Videography
Authors: Oikawa Michio , Kobayashi Miho , Koike Takafumi , Utsugi Kei , Yamasaki Masami
Published: January 2009

I will discuss the features and suitable application for the Integral Videography (IV) display that we developed comparing with two other types of autostereoscopic displays. I will also describe two sample applications that utilize the natural and intuitive 3D expression of the display.
7.5L: Distinguished Paper: Fabrication of High Brightness Flat Field Emission Lamp with 6kV Anode Voltage for Local Dimming LCD BLU
Authors: Wang Hong‐Xing , Harazono Hideki , Jiang Nan , Hiraki Hirohisa , Harada Yoshiko , Haba Masanori , Nakamoto Masayuki
Published: January 2009

A flat field emission lamp(FFEL) has been developed using a specially designed structure. An unique electron emitter called CNX has been used, the emission current density of which is 5.7A/cm2 at 2.2V/μm. A special diode emission system was used to effectively extract electron from emitter and control the block local dimming. The FFEL shows a brightness of 15000cd/m2 with an anode voltage of 6kV.
50.2: Projection‐type Integral Imaging System Using Convex Mirror Array
Authors: Kim Youngmin , Lee Byoungho , Min Sung‐Wook , Kim Se Hwan , Jang Jin
Published: January 2009

Projection‐type three‐dimensional (3D) integral imaging display system using convex mirror array is presented. The projection‐type display is used to realize a large scale 3D image and high resolution elemental images, while the convex mirror array which substitutes for micro lens array is adopted for the higher optical efficiency and the better feel of depth. The proposed scheme can present the real and the virtual images simultaneously, so that the system can express the enhanced depth of view. The experimental results which prove the feasibility of proposed system is also presented.
50.3: Arbitrary View Generation in Perspective and Orthographic Projection Geometry using Lens Array
Authors: Park Jae‐Hyeung , Baasantseren Ganbat , Kim Nam , Park Gilbae , Kang Jin‐Mo , Lee Byoungho
Published: January 2009

A novel view image generation algorithm using lens array is proposed. Arbitrary view image in perspective projection geometry is generated through the central pixel disparity estimation and elemental image mapping with wide field of view and high resolution. View image in orthographic projection geometry is also synthesized with high resolution from the elemental images using directional pixel disparity estimation and elemental image mapping.
51.1: A Real‐Time Image Compensation for High Dynamic Range LCDs
Authors: Liao Lin‐Yao , Huang Yi‐Pai , Yeh Szu‐Che
Published: January 2009

Blur‐mask approach (BMA) was developed to simulate the light distribution of locally‐controlled dimming LED backlight with much lower computational complexity which is less than 1% of that of conventional convolution method. Blur‐mask approach was successfully demonstrated on a 37″ HDR LCD‐TV with real‐time modification to perform high quality image (Less image distortion) and high contrast ratio (∼20,000: 1 with test image‐Lily).
51.2: Delta‐Color Adjustment (DCA) Method for Color Controlled Backlight of High Dynamic Range LCD‐TVs
Authors: Wang Guo‐Zhen , Huang Yi‐Pai , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Yeh Szu‐Che
Published: January 2009

A high‐dynamic‐range liquid crystal display (HDR‐LCD) can much enhance the contrast ratio of image and reduce power consumption upon the locally controlled dynamic backlight. Delta‐color adjustment(DCA) method with simple adjustment progress, was proposed and demonstrated on a 37″ HDR‐LCD to further reduce the power consumption, increase the contrast widen the NTSC ratio and can still maintain image details.
51.3: Driving an Adaptive Local Dimming Backlight for LCD‐TV Systems
Authors: Hulze Hendriek Groot , de Greef Pierre
Published: January 2009

LEDs in direct‐lit backlights require new driving concepts and local dimming algorithms for an optimal efficiency and high contrast of the panel.

Special measures have to be taken to control the LEDs to compensate for drift of brightness and color in order to get a picture with no critical artifacts.
51.4: Backlight Power Reduction and Image Contrast Enhancement Using Adaptive Dimming for Global Backlight Applications
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Fu , Lai Chih‐Chang , Li Jyun‐Sian
Published: January 2009

The backlight‐dimming algorithm obtains appropriate 0% to 50% backlight power reduction depending on characteristics of the image data. The contrast enhancement algorithm not only reduces the adverse effect of backlight power saving, but also improves averagely 20.75% enhancement of image contrast ratio.
8.1: Invited Paper: Applications of the Sensics Panoramic HMD
Authors: Brown Lawrence G. , Boger Yuval S.
Published: January 2009

The Sensics HMD is a panoramic, wearable display based on OLED microdisplays. Using a tiled design, it simultaneously provides both wide field‐of‐view and high resolution. The display has found application around the world, especially in design/prototyping applications and research into human performance. This paper describes the design and operation of the HMD and some of the applications of the HMD to date.
52.2: Display with Arbitrary Primary Spectra
Authors: Bergquist Johan
Published: January 2009

Individual differences in colour sensation of a single display (observer metamerism) can be reduced by synthesizing and adapting the primary spectra to the physiological spectral response of the observer. The technique can also be used to synthesize the eigenspectra in multispectral imaging, and thereby provide an alternative to multi‐primary displays.
52.3: Primary Selection for the Displays with RGB‐LED Primaries Considering the Primary Optical Power and Color Gamut
Authors: Wen Senfar
Published: January 2009

The display with lower power consumption is preferred. It is shown that the total optical power of primaries can be saved at the expense of color gamut size for the displays with RGB‐LED primaries. The primary selection method for the trade‐off between the total optical power and display color gamut is studied.
52.4: Distinguished Paper: RGB to RGBW Conversion for OLED Displays
Authors: Murdoch Michael J. , Miller Michael E.
Published: January 2009

OLED displays employing white light‐emitting OLEDs in combination with RGBW color filters can demand high peak currents to present images with bright, highly saturated colors. Methods are described for reducing peak current through alternate rendering algorithms, and the impact of these algorithms on image quality are discussed.
52.5: Effect of Color Gamut Volume in Display on Image Preference
Authors: Sakurai Masato , Nakatsue Takehiro , Shimpuku Yoshihide , Heckaman Rodney L. , Casella Stacey E. , Fairchild Mark D.
Published: January 2009

We measured image preference using paired comparison when varying the color gamut and maximum luminance of the display to investigate the effect of color gamut volume on image preference. There is a trade‐off relationship between the area of color gamut and luminance on image preference.