bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of X-ray frequency in driving photoevaporative winds
Authors: Sellek Andrew D , Clarke Cathie J , Ercolano Barbara
Published: April 2022

Photoevaporative winds are a promising mechanism for dispersing protoplanetary discs, but so far theoretical models have been unable to agree on the relative roles that the X-ray, extreme ultraviolet or far-ultraviolet play in driving the winds. This has been attributed to a variety of methodological differences between studies, including their approach to radiative transfer and thermal balance, the choice of irradiating spectrum employed, and the processes available to cool the gas. We use the mocassin radiative transfer code to simulate wind heating for a variety of spectra on a static density grid taken from simulations of an EUV-driven wind. We explore the impact of choosing a single representative X-ray frequency on their ability to drive a wind by measuring the maximum heated column as a function of photon energy. We demonstrate that for reasonable luminosities and spectra, the most effective energies are at a few 100 eV, firmly in the softer regions of the X-ray spectrum, while X-rays with energies ∼1000 eV interact too weakly with disc gas to provide sufficient heating to drive a wind. We develop a simple model to explain these findings. We argue that further increases in the cooling above our models – for example due to molecular rovibrational lines – may further restrict the heating to the softer energies but are unlikely to prevent X-ray heated winds from launching entirely; increasing the X-ray luminosity has the opposite effect. The various results of photoevaporative wind models should therefore be understood in terms of the choice of irradiating spectrum.
SN 2019va: a Type IIP Supernova with Large Influence of Nickel-56 Decay on the Plateau-phase Light Curve
Authors: Zhang Xinghan , Wang Xiaofeng , Sai Hanna , Mo Jun , Nagy A P , Zhang Jicheng , Cai Yongzhi , Lin Han , Zhang Jujia , Baron Eddie , DerKacy James M , Zhang Tianmeng , Li Zhitong , Graham Melissa , Huang Fang
Published: April 2022

We present multiband photometric and spectroscopic observations of the type II supernova, (SN) 2019va, which shows an unusually flat plateau-phase evolution in its V-band light curve. Its pseudo-bolometric light curve even shows a weak brightening towards the end of the plateau phase. These uncommon features are related to the influence of 56Ni decay on the light curve during the plateau phase, when the SN emission is usually dominated by cooling of the envelope. The inferred 56Ni mass of SN 2019va is 0.088 ± 0.018 M⊙, which is significantly larger than most SNe II. To estimate the influence of 56Ni decay on the plateau-phase light curve, we calculate the ratio (dubbed as ηNi) between the integrated time-weighted energy from 56Ni decay and that from envelope cooling within the plateau phase, obtaining a value of 0.8 for SN 2019va, which is the second largest value among SNe II that has been measured. After removing the influence of 56Ni decay on the plateau-phase light curve, we found that the progenitor/explosion parameters derived for SN 2019va are more reasonable. In addition, SN 2019va is found to have weaker metal lines in its spectra compared to other SNe IIP at similar epochs, implying a low-metallicity progenitor, which is consistent with the metal-poor environment inferred from the host-galaxy spectrum. We further discuss the possible reasons that might lead to SN 2019va-like events.
Prospects for multimessenger detection of binary neutron star mergers in the fourth LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA observing run
Authors: Patricelli Barbara , Bernardini Maria Grazia , Mapelli Michela , D’Avanzo Paolo , Santoliquido Filippo , Cella Giancarlo , Razzano Massimiliano , Cuoco Elena
Published: April 2022

The joint detection of GW170817 and GRB 170817A opened the era of multimessenger astronomy with gravitational waves (GWs) and provided the first direct probe that at least some binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts (S-GRBs). In the next years, we expect to have more multimessenger detections of BNS mergers, thanks to the increasing sensitivity of GW detectors. Here, we present a comprehensive study on the prospects for joint GW and electromagnetic observations of merging BNSs in the fourth Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)–Virgo–Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector (KAGRA) observing run with Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift), INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), and Space Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM). This work combines accurate population synthesis models with simulations of the expected GW signals and the associated S-GRBs, considering different assumptions about the gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet structure. We show that the expected rate of joint GW and electromagnetic detections could be up to ∼6 yr−1 when Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) is considered. Future joint observations will help us to better constrain the association between BNS mergers and S-GRBs, as well as the geometry of the GRB jets.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Schlam Ilana , Gatti-Mays Margaret E
Published: April 2022

The management of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) has historically involved local therapies. However, as novel systemic treatments have become more effective in controlling visceral disease, BCBM have also been better controlled. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated efficacy in brain metastases in patients with lung cancer and melanoma and represent a promising option for patients with triple-negative BCBM, a group with limited systemic therapy options. In this review we summarize current data about the role of ICIs in the treatment BCBM. We identified 15 clinical trials that evaluated ICIs ± chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. The studies were mostly focused on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Of these trials, 4 excluded patients with BCBM, while 11 allowed patients with stable, treated or asymptomatic BCBM. In total, 2692 patients were enrolled in the identified clinical trials, but only 91 trial patients (3.3%) had BCBM. Furthermore, only 2 of these clinical trials reported BCBM-specific outcomes and none of the clinical trials reported BCBM-specific adverse events. Up to 45% of patients with TNBC will develop BCBM; however, only 3.3% of the patients included in the clinical trials that led to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals for ICIs in advanced breast cancer had brain metastases. This review reinforces that efficacy data are greatly needed for patients with BCBM—this is an area of unmet need in oncology. More inclusive clinical trials and real-world data that evaluate the safety and efficacy of ICIs in patients with BCBM are greatly needed.
Surf Scoters use deeper offshore waters during nocturnal resting periods in the Salish Sea of Washington and British Columbia
Authors: Hamilton Lindsey J , Michel Nicole L , Evenson Joseph R , Roberts Dina L
Published: April 2022

Diurnally biased monitoring and research dominate our ecological understanding and guide conservation and management decisions regarding important indicator sea duck species, such as Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata). Advances in telemetry technology are improving our ability to track wildlife across the entire 24-hr day. Using location data derived from birds with surgically implanted satellite transmitters and habitat layers within a GIS (geographic information system), we analyzed Surf Scoter location data to (1) estimate movement distances between diurnal and nocturnal sites, (2) assess differences in environmental conditions at diurnal and nocturnal use locations, (3) evaluate the environmental conditions influencing nocturnal habitat selection, and (4) develop a predictive model to estimate likely nocturnal resting areas across the Salish Sea, which is composed of the inland marine waters of British Columbia, Canada, and Washington State. Surf Scoters in the Salish Sea traveled an average of 4,287 m between diurnal and nocturnal habitats, but distances varied regionally. We found that distance to shore, water depth, tidal current, and vessel traffic influenced nocturnal habitat use. Surf Scoter nocturnal use sites were characterized by greater distances from shore and deeper water than diurnal locations, although scoters avoided areas with strong tidal currents and heavy shipping traffic at night. The Salish Sea is experiencing increased ship traffic from multiple U.S. and Canadian ports. Oil tanker and shipping container vessel traffic pose a potential threat to nocturnal scoter flocks aggregating in deeper water adjacent to and sometimes overlapping with shipping lanes in narrow, glacial-carved channels of the Salish Sea. Current oil spill response plans in Washington State waters utilize diurnal distribution data, lacking important nocturnal use data. Our findings provide critical nocturnal habitat use information that can improve oil spill response policy and highlight the importance of elucidating nocturnal ecology for marine vertebrate species.
Debasing Indigenous Statehood: Sovereign Monies, Markets and Imperial Power in the Indian Subcontinent, c.1893–1905
Authors: Balachandran G
Published: April 2022

Dense overlapping networks of multiple currencies were a feature of subcontinental commerce and statehood until the twentieth century. Twenty-seven subcontinental states in addition to the Raj issued their own currencies in 1893. Underpinned by a common basis in silver and an extensive market for their bills, they financed trade and circulated in one another’s territories, including British India. By 1905 most currencies had ceased and this sovereign prerogative belonged mainly to the Raj. The suppression of indigenous currency networks by a colonial monetary system presaged a dramatic reconfiguration of native sovereignty and imperial paramountcy. Triggered by silver’s demonetization in British India in 1893, these transformations unfolded amid gold’s elevation as the universal standard and the growth in London’s financial influence. They were cemented by the famines of 1896–1902, which crippled the native states’ finances and accentuated the conflict they faced between famine relief and currency stability. Markets magnified this conflict into a test of sovereign capacity that few states managed to withstand. The consequent redistribution of sovereign capacity between states and markets, and between states according to their ability to control the markets, helped to dematerialize, rearticulate and extend the reach of British power. This subcontinental story of money, markets and indigenous statehood is hence a British imperial story with resonances beyond the empire and its own time.
The Effectiveness of Intraosseous Basivertebral Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Vertebrogenic Low Back Pain: An Updated Systematic Review with Single-Arm Meta-analysis
Authors: Conger Aaron , Burnham Taylor R , Clark Tyler , Teramoto Masaru , McCormick Zachary L
Published: April 2022

Objective

To provide an estimate of the effectiveness of basivertebral nerve (BVN) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat vertebrogenic low back pain (LBP).

Design

Systematic review with single-arm meta-analysis.

Population

Persons ≥18 years of age with chronic LBP associated with type 1 or 2 Modic changes.

Intervention

Intraosseous BVN RFA.

Comparison

Sham, placebo procedure, active standard care treatment, or none.

Outcomes

The proportion of patients treated with BVN RFA who reported ≥50% pain score improvement on a visual analog scale or numeric rating scale. The main secondary outcome was ≥15-point improvement in Oswestry Disability Index score.

Methods

Three reviewers independently assessed articles published before December 6, 2021, in MEDLINE and Embase. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to evaluate the overall quality of evidence.

Results

Of the 856 unique records screened, 12 publications met the inclusion criteria, representing six unique study populations, with 414 participants allocated to receive BVN RFA. Single-arm meta-analysis showed a success rate of 65% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51–78%) and 64% (95% CI 43–82%) for ≥50% pain relief at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Rates of ≥15-point Oswestry Disability Index score improvement were 75% (95% CI 63–86%) and 75% (95% CI 63–85%) at 6 and 12 months, respectively.

Conclusion

According to GRADE, there is moderate-quality evidence that BVN RFA effectively reduces pain and disability in most patients with vertebrogenic LBP. Further high-quality studies will likely improve our understanding of the effectiveness of this procedure.
A Wake-Up Call Theory of Contagion
Authors: Ahnert Toni , Bertsch Christoph
Published: April 2022

We offer a theory of financial contagion based on the information choice of investors after observing a financial crisis elsewhere. We study global coordination games of regime change in two regions linked by an initially unobserved macro shock. A crisis in region 1 is a wake-up call to investors in region 2. It induces them to reassess the regional fundamental and acquire information about the macro shock. Contagion can occur even after investors learn that region 2 has no ex post exposure to region 1. We explore normative and testable implications of the model. In particular, our results rationalize evidence about contagious currency crises and bank runs after wake-up calls and provide some guidance for future empirical work.
Optimization of the TeraTox Assay for Preclinical Teratogenicity Assessment
Authors: Jaklin Manuela , Zhang Jitao David , Schäfer Nicole , Clemann Nicole , Barrow Paul , Küng Erich , Sach-Peltason Lisa , McGinnis Claudia , Leist Marcel , Kustermann Stefan
Published: April 2022

Current animal-free methods to assess teratogenicity of drugs under development still deliver high numbers of false negatives. To improve the sensitivity of human teratogenicity prediction, we characterized the TeraTox test, a newly developed multilineage differentiation assay using 3D human-induced pluripotent stem cells. TeraTox produces primary output concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and altered gene expression induced by each test compound. These data are fed into an interpretable machine-learning model to perform prediction, which relates to the concentration-dependent human teratogenicity potential of drug candidates. We applied TeraTox to profile 33 approved pharmaceuticals and 12 proprietary drug candidates with known in vivo data. Comparing TeraTox predictions with known human or animal toxicity, we report an accuracy of 69% (specificity: 53%, sensitivity: 79%). TeraTox performed better than 2 quantitative structure-activity relationship models and had a higher sensitivity than the murine embryonic stem cell test (accuracy: 58%, specificity: 76%, and sensitivity: 46%) run in the same laboratory. The overall prediction accuracy could be further improved by combining TeraTox and mouse embryonic stem cell test results. Furthermore, patterns of altered gene expression revealed by TeraTox may help grouping toxicologically similar compounds and possibly deducing common modes of action. The TeraTox assay and the dataset described here therefore represent a new tool and a valuable resource for drug teratogenicity assessment.
Expression and Functional Analysis of the Type III Secretion System Effector Repertoire of the Xylem Pathogen Erwinia tracheiphila on Cucurbits
Authors: Olawole Olakunle I. , Gleason Mark L. , Beattie Gwyn A.
Published: April 2022

The predicted repertoire of type III secretion system effectors (T3SEs) in Erwinia tracheiphila, causal agent of cucurbit bacterial wilt, is much larger than in xylem pathogens in the closely related genera Erwinia and Pantoea. The genomes of strains BHKY and SCR3, which represent distinct E. tracheiphila clades, encode at least 6 clade-specific and 12 shared T3SEs. The strains expressed the majority of the T3SE genes examined in planta. Among the shared T3SE genes, eop1 was expressed most highly in both strains in squash ( Cucurbita pepo) and muskmelon ( Cucumis melo) but the clade-specific gene avrRpm2 was expressed 40- to 900-fold more than eop1 in BHKY. The T3SEs AvrRpm2, Eop1, SrfC, and DspE contributed to BHKY virulence on squash and muskmelon, as shown using combinatorial mutants involving six T3SEs, whereas OspG and AvrB4 contributed to BHKY virulence only on muskmelon, demonstrating host-specific virulence functions. Moreover, Eop1 was functionally redundant with AvrRpm2, SrfC, OspG, and AvrB4 in BHKY, and BHKY mutants lacking up to five effector genes showed similar virulence to mutants lacking only two genes. The T3SEs OspG, AvrB4, and DspE contributed additively to SCR3 virulence on muskmelon and were not functionally redundant with Eop1. Rather, loss of eop1 and avrB4 restored wild-type virulence to the avrB4 mutant, suggesting that Eop1 suppresses a functionally redundant effector in SCR3. These results highlight functional differences in effector inventories between two E. tracheiphila clades, provide the first evidence of OspG as a phytopathogen effector, and suggest that Eop1 may be a metaeffector influencing virulence.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Genome Analysis and Pathobiology of Cassava-Infecting Torradoviruses Containing a Putative Maf/HAM1 Pyrophosphatase Domain
Authors: Carvajal-Yepes Monica , Jimenez Jenyfer , Belalcazar John , Cuasquer Juan B. , Lozano Ivan , Olaya Cristian A. , Cuellar Wilmer J.
Published: April 2022

Next generation sequencing has been used to identify and characterize the full genome sequence of a cassava-infecting torradovirus, revealing the presence of a Maf/HAM1 domain downstream of the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) domain in RNA1 in all isolates sequenced. A similar domain is also found in unrelated potyvirids infecting Euphorbiaceae hosts in the Americas and cassava in Africa. Even though cassava torrado-like virus (CsTLV) could not be mechanically transmitted to a series of herbaceous hosts, it can be efficiently transmitted by bud graft-inoculation to different cassava landraces. Our bioassays show that CsTLV has a narrow host range. Crystal-like structures of isometric virus-like particles were observed in cells of plants with single infection by CsTLV, and consistently induced chlorotic leaf spots and affected root yields significantly. Moreover, CsTLV infection induces changes in the accumulation of total sugars in storage roots. Field surveys indicated the presence of CsTLV in the main cassava growing regions of Colombia, and the occurrence of two different cassava-infecting torradovirus species. Profiles of small RNAs of 21 to 24 nucleotides in length, derived from CsTLV RNAs targeted by cassava RNA silencing defense mechanisms, are also reported.
Upper versus Lower Lumbar Lordosis Corrections in Relation to Pelvic Tilt – An Essential Element in Surgical Planning for Sagittal Plane Deformity
Authors: Kim Han Jo , Alluri R. Kiran , Lafage Renaud , Elysee Jonathan , Smith Justin S. , Mundis Gregory M. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Ames Christopher P. , Burton Douglas C. , Klineberg Eric O. , Bess Shay , Schwab Frank , Gupta Munish , Lafage Virginie
Published: April 2022

Study Design.

Retrospective study of a multicenter Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) Database.

Objective.

To investigate the change in Pelvic tilt (PT) imparted by regional changes in lumbar lordosis at 2-year minimum follow up

Summary of Background Data.

The distribution of lumbar lordosis between L1-4 and L4-S1 is known to vary based on pelvic incidence (PI). However, the extent to which regional changes effect PT is not clearly elucidated. This information can be useful for ASD surgical planning.

Methods.

Operative patients from a multicenter ASD database were included with Lowest Instrumented Vertebrae (LIV) S1/Ilium, >5 levels of fusion, Proximal Junction Kyphosis (PJK) angle < 20, and >5 degrees of change in lumbar lordosis from L4-S1 and L1-4. Radiographic analysis was performed evaluating Thoracic Kyphosis (TK), T10-L2 kyphosis (TL), L1-S1 lordosis (LL), L4-S1 lordosis, L1-4 lordosis, sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and PI-LL from preoperative to postoperative, and change at 2-years follow-up. Stepwise regression analysis was performed in order to determine the relationship between PT and the above radiographic parameters. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes were also compared between preoperative and postoperative timepoints at 2 years.

Results.

103 patients met inclusion for the study. There was improvement in all the radiographic parameters and HRQOLs at 2 years follow-up (p < 0.01). Stepwise regression model showed an inverse relationship between PT and LL change (r = 0.71, p < 0.01). Regionally, an increase in 10 degrees from L4-S1 correlated with a 2.4 degree decrease in PT (p < 0.01), while an increase in 10 degrees from L1-4 resulted in a 1.6 degree decrease in PT (p < 0.01).

Conclusion.

In the surgical planning for ASD, our data demonstrated significant correlational difference between corrections in the upper (L1-4) and lower (L4-S1) lumbar spine and PT changes. These calculations can be useful in planning sagittal plane corrections for ASD.
Social Determinant of Housing Instability and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Robinson Kelley , Sherman Athena D. F. , Ogunwole Serena , Meggett Jarvia , Sharps Phyllis
Published: April 2022

Background:

We conducted a scoping review to examine the literature regarding pregnancy-related morbidities among birthing individuals and infants experiencing housing instability (HI).

Methods:

Articles were identified through electronic database searches, using numerous search terms related to pregnancy and housing. US studies published in English between 1991 and 2019 were included. Peer-reviewed qualitative and quantitative articles were synthesized and critically appraised by 2 reviewers using quality appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Results:

Inconsistent definitions for HI weakened the rigor of aggregate findings, and birthing individual outcomes were underreported compared with infant outcomes (n = 9 095 499 women, 11 articles). Many studies reported mental health-related outcomes among birthing individuals with HI.

Discussion:

Study sampling approaches and lack of a standard definition of HI limit review findings, but examining this relationship is critical to understanding the effect of social determinants on birthing individual health. Future research should address the nescience regarding birthing individual outcomes in this population. Policy-level advocacy addressing social determinants must also refine policy impacting community-based prenatal programs and services for the birthing individual with HI.
We Are Not Asking Permission to Save Our Own Lives
Authors: Welch Leseliey , Branch Canady Renee , Harmell Chelsea , White Nicole , Snow Char'ly , Kane Low Lisa
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

While favorable outcomes of birth centers are documented, Black-led birth centers and maternal health models are rarely highlighted. Such disparities are manifestations of institutional racism. A nascent body of literature suggests that culturally affirming care provided by Black-led birth centers benefit all birthing people—regardless of race. Birth Detroit is one such maternal health model led by Black women that offers a justice response to inequitable care options in Black communities.

Methods:

This article describes a departure from traditional White supremacist research models that privilege quantitative outcomes to the exclusion of iterative processes, lived experiences, and consciousness-raising. A community organizing approach to birth center development led by Black women and rooted in equity values of safety, love, trust, and justice is outlined.

Results:

Birth Detroit is a Black-led, community-informed model that includes integration of evidence-based approaches to improving health outcomes and that embraces community midwifery prenatal care and a strategic trajectory to open a birth center in the city of Detroit.

Conclusion:

Birth Detroit demonstrates the operationalization of a Black feminist standpoint, lifts up the power of communities to lead in their own care, and offers a blueprint for action to improve inequities and maternal-infant health in Black communities.
Elements of Learning and Integration of Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging Into Practice: Physical Therapists' Educational Journeys
Authors: Hayward Lorna M. , Markowski Alycia , Watkins Maureen K. , Maitland Murray E. , Manske Robert , Beneck George J.
Published: April 2022

Introduction.

Physical therapists (PTs) have the autonomy and expertise to assume a more significant role in the primary care of musculoskeletal conditions, validate diagnoses, and serve as a referral source to appropriate health care providers. Ultrasound diagnostic imaging has been identified as a high-priority area to advance science and innovation in physical therapy. Yet, few PTs are certified to incorporate musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) as a diagnostic tool into their personal scope of practice. Diagnostic MSK-US has unique benefits compared with other imaging modalities, and recent technological advances have reduced its cost and improved portability. However, no research exists describing the learning experiences and decision-making process of PTs who use MSK-US for diagnostic purposes. In addition, the educational process for learning MSK-US is not standardized. The study's purpose was to describe the learning and practice-based use of MSK-US by PTs registered in musculoskeletal sonography (RMSK).

Methods.

Using purposive sampling, we attempted to recruit all 21 RMSK-certified PTs currently using diagnostic ultrasound in clinical practice across the United States. Sixteen PTs participated in the study. We employed a qualitative, multiple case study, phenomenological approach. Data were collected using an online demographic survey and one-on-one, semi-structured interviews.

Results.

Sixteen interviews were conducted with RMSK-certified PTs. Data synthesis resulted in 5 elements: 1) self-directed learning; 2) educational process; 3) honing the skill and the role of mentorship; 4) diagnostic information; and 5) clinical application.

Discussion and Conclusion.

Participants identified elements critical for post-entry level, life-long, applied learning and integrating diagnostic MSK-US into clinical practice. The participant learning process was self-directed and incorporated various materials and methods to improve diagnostic skills. Participants honed their skills through repetition and one-on-one mentorship. Supportive employment settings were integral for creating environments conducive to learning and integrating MSK-US into clinical practice. Our participants perceived that ultrasound imaging provided them with the missing visual dimension used to improve diagnostic capabilities, supporting the benefits of direct access.
Reducing length of stay for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement using a prescreening approach
Authors: Cusin Crystal N. , Clark Patricia A. , Lauderbach Claude W. , Wyman Janet
Published: April 2022

Background:

As transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) becomes a preferred treatment option for patients with aortic valve stenosis, and demand for TAVR increases, it is imperative that length of stay (LOS) is reduced while maintaining safety and effectiveness.

Local Problem:

As TAVR procedures have become less invasive and more streamlined, current protocols have not been updated to reflect today's postprocedure requirements.

Methods:

The next-day discharge (NDD) protocol was established using available literature. A convenience sample was evaluated for NDD protocol inclusion during aortic multidisciplinary team conference using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Length of stay for NDD protocol participants was compared with LOS from a retrospective convenience sample of patients undergoing TAVR in the time frame mirroring NDD protocol initiation of the year prior.

Interventions:

Patients meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled in the NDD protocol with a goal of discharge to home on postprocedural day 1 by 2:00 p.m. The NDD protocol included preprocedure expectation setting, prescheduled same-day postprocedure imaging, and discharge priority on postprocedure day 1.

Results:

There is a significant difference in LOS between the NDD eligible retrospective and prospective groups. The prospective group has a significantly lower LOS than the retrospective group (M = 1.6 vs 2.1, respectively; p = .0454).

Conclusions:

An NDD protocol can help reduce LOS after TAVR in appropriately selected patients. Further protocol revision will be required to optimize LOS outcomes.
Mixed Method Evaluation of Louisiana’s Prerelease Medicaid Enrollment Program, 2017–2019
Authors: Wennerstrom Ashley , Sugarman Olivia K. , Page Karissa M. , Whittington Angel , Martin Dolfinette , Reilly Bruce , Bachhuber Marcus A.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Over 600,000 people leave US prisons annually. Many are eligible for Medicaid upon release but may need support to enroll. Carceral facilities in nearly half of states have implemented systems to facilitate Medicaid access for those leaving incarceration, but there is limited information on program implementation models or outcomes.

Objectives:

To evaluate implementation and initial outcomes of Louisiana’s prison-based Prerelease Medicaid Enrollment Program.

Methods:

In this mixed-methods study, we assessed enrollment in Louisiana Medicaid at time of release from prison in the 2 years (2017–2018) after Program implementation, as well as reasons for Medicaid closure (ie, loss of coverage) and health services use 6 months postrelease. In May-June 2019, we conducted interviews statewide with program implementers (n=16) and focus groups in New Orleans, Louisiana with formerly incarcerated Program participants (n=16).

Results:

A total of 4476 people were included in the quantitative analysis. There was a 34.3 (95% confidence interval: 20.7–47.9) percentage point increase in Medicaid enrollment upon release. Nearly all (98.6%) attended at least 1 outpatient visit and almost half (46.7%) had 1 emergency department visit within 6 months of release. Not responding to information requests was the most common reason for Medicaid closure. Program implementers and formerly incarcerated participants identified Program strengths, barriers, and suggestions for improvement.

Conclusions:

The program was successful in rapidly increasing Medicaid enrollment at the time of prison release and facilitating the use of health care services.
Patient-, Hospital-, and System-Level Factors Associated With 30-Day Readmission After a Psychiatric Hospitalization
Authors: Mascayano Franco , Haselden Morgan , Corbeil Tom , Wall Melanie M. , Tang Fei , Essock Susan M. , Frimpong Eric , Goldman Matthew L. , Radigan Marleen , Schneider Matthew , Wang Rui , Dixon Lisa B. , Olfson Mark , Smith Thomas E.
Published: April 2022

Readmission after inpatient care for a psychiatric condition is associated with a range of adverse events including suicide and all-cause mortality. This study estimated 30-day readmission rates in a large cohort of inpatient psychiatric admissions in New York State and examined how these rates varied by patient, hospital, and service system characteristics. Data were obtained from Medicaid claims records, and clinician, hospital, and region data, for individuals with a diagnosis of any mental disorder admitted to psychiatric inpatient units in New York State from 2012 to 2013. Psychiatric readmission was defined as any unplanned inpatient stay with a mental health diagnosis with an admission date within 30 days of being discharged. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of being readmitted within 30 days were estimated using logistic regression analyses. Over 15% of individuals discharged from inpatient units between 2012 and 2013 were readmitted within 30 days. Patients who were readmitted were more likely to be homeless, have a schizoaffective disorder or schizophrenia, and have medical comorbidity. Readmission rates varied in this cohort mainly because of individual-level characteristics. Homeless patients were at the highest risk of being readmitted after discharge.
The Use and Technique of Sentinel Node Biopsy for Skin Cancer
Authors: Upadhyaya Siddhi N. , Knackstedt Rebecca W. , Ko Jennifer S. , Gastman Brian R.
Published: April 2022

Learning Objectives:

After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the indications for and prognostic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in skin cancer. 2. Learn the advantages and disadvantages of various modalities used alone or in combination when performing sentinel lymph node biopsy. 3. Understand how to perform sentinel lymph node biopsy in skin cancer patients.

Advances in technique used to perform sentinel lymph node biopsy to assess lymph node status have led to increased accuracy of the procedure and improved patient outcomes.
The Relationship Between Overqualification and Incident Diabetes: A 14-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Padkapayeva Kathy , Gilbert-Ouimet Mahée , Mustard Cameron , Glazier Richard H. , Smith Peter M.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Recent research identified that workplace factors play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study examines the longitudinal association of work-related overqualification with the incidence of DM over a 14-year follow-up period.

Methods

We used data from the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey linked to the Ontario Health Insurance Plan and the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract databases. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to evaluate the relationship between overqualification and the incidence of DM.

Results

Over the study period, there were 91,835 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up = 13.7 years). The final sample included 7026 respondents (mean [standard deviation] age at baseline = 47.1 [8.2]; 47% female). An elevated risk of DM was associated with substantial overqualification (hazard ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–2.49) after adjustment for sociodemographic, health, and work variables. Additional adjustment for body mass index and health behaviors attenuated this risk (hazard ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 0.81–2.08). Underqualification was not associated with the incidence of DM in adjusted regression models. We did not observe any statistical difference in the effects of overqualification on DM risk across sex or education groups.

Conclusions

This study adds to the growing body of research literature uncovering the relationships between work exposures and DM risk. The results from the study suggest that higher body mass index and, to a lesser extent, health behaviors may be mediating factors in the association between overqualification and incident DM. Further research on the association of overqualification with DM is warranted.
Evolution of amniote dentine apposition rates
Authors: Finch Stephen P. , D'Emic Michael D.
Published: April 2022

In amniotes, daily rates of dentine formation in non-ever-growing teeth range from less than 1 to over 25 μm per day. The latter value has been suggested to represent the upper limit of odontoblast activity in non-ever-growing teeth, a hypothesis supported by the lack of scaling between dentine apposition rates and body mass in Dinosauria. To determine the correlates and potential controls of dentine apposition rate, we assembled a dataset of apposition rates, metabolic rates and body masses for
ca
80 amniote taxa of diverse ecologies and diets. We used phylogenetic regression to test for scaling relationships and reconstruct ancestral states of daily dentine apposition across Amniota. We find no relationship between body mass and daily dentine apposition rate (DDAR) for non-ever-growing teeth in Amniota as a whole or within major clades. Metabolic rate, the number of tooth generations, diet and habitat also do not predict or correspond with DDARs. Similar DDARs are found in large terrestrial mammals, dinosaurs and marine reptiles, whereas primates, cetaceans and some smaller marine reptiles independently evolved exceptionally slow rates. Life-history factors may explain the evolution of dentine apposition rates, which evolved rapidly at the origin of major clades.
Single amino acid substitutions in hydrophobic cores at a head-coiled coil junction region of cohesin facilitate its release of DNA during anaphase
Authors: Xu Xingya , Kanai Ryuta , Wang Li , Yanagida Mitsuhiro
Published: April 2022

Cohesin holds sister chromatids together and is cleaved by separase/Cut1 to release DNA during the transition from mitotic metaphase to anaphase. The cohesin complex consists of heterodimeric structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) subunits (Psm1 and Psm3), which possess a head and a hinge, separated by long coiled coils. Non-SMC subunits (Rad21, Psc3 and Mis4) bind to the SMC heads. Kleisin/Rad21's N-terminal domain (Rad21-NTD) interacts with Psm3's head-coiled coil junction (Psm3-HCJ). Spontaneous mutations that rescued the cleavage defects in temperature-sensitive (ts) separase mutants were identified in the interaction interface, but the underlying mechanism is yet to be understood. Here, we performed site-directed random mutagenesis to introduce single amino acid substitutions in Psm3-HCJ and Rad21-NTD, and then identified 300 mutations that rescued the cohesin-releasing defects in a separase ts mutant. Mutational analysis indicated that the amino acids involved in hydrophobic cores (which may be in close contact) in Psm3-HCJ and Rad21-NTD are hotspots, since 80 mutations (approx. 27%) were mapped in these locations. Properties of these substitutions indicate that they destabilize the interaction between the Psm3 head and Rad21-NTD. Thus, they may facilitate sister chromatid separation in a cleavage-independent way through cohesin structural re-arrangement.
Luteimonas saliphila sp. nov. and Luteimonas salinisoli sp. nov., two novel strains isolated from saline soils
Authors: Sun Ji-Quan , Huang Xiao-Xian , Xu Lian , Wei Hua-Mei
Published: April 2022

Two Gram-stain-negative, motile with single polar flagellum, rod-shaped bacterial strains, named SJ-9T and SJ-92T, were isolated from saline soils from Inner Mongolia, PR China. SJ-9T and SJ-92T grew at pH 6.5–10.0 and 7.0–11.0, 10–35 °C, and in the presence of 0–5 % and 0–8 % NaCl, respectively. Both strains were positive for oxidase, and negative for catalase. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that SJ-9T clustered with

Luteimonas marina

FR1330T (sharing 97.9 % 16S rRNA gene similarity),

Luteimonas huabeiensis

HB2T (96.5 %), ‘Luteimonas wenzhouensis’ YD-1 (96.6 %), and

Luteimonas composti

CC-YY255T (95.1 %), and shared low 16S rRNA gene similarities (<97.0 %) with all the other type strains; while SJ-92T clustered with

Luteimonas aestuarii

B9T (98.2 %), and shared low 16S rRNA gene similarities (<98.0 %) with all the other type strains. The two strains shared 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene similarity with each other. The major cellular fatty acids of both strains are iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 9 (C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17 : 1ω9c). The major polar lipids of both strains are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The only respiratory quinone for both strains is ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The genomic DNA G+C contents are 69.3 and 70.4 mol%, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity by blast (ANIb) values between the two strains were 22.6 and 77.5 %, while the values between SJ-9T and ‘L. wenzhouensis’ YD-1,

L. marina

FR1330T, and

L. huabeiensis

HB2T were 38.1, 39.2, and 21.9 %, and 82.5, 84.4, and 78.5 %, while those between SJ-92T and

L. aestuarii

B9T were 21.3 and 76.7 %. On the basis of the phenotypic, physiological and phylogenetic results, SJ-9T and SJ-92T represent two novel species of the genus

Luteimonas

, for which the names Luteimonas saliphila [type stain SJ-9T (=CGMCC 1.17377T=KCTC 82248T)] and Luteimonas salinisoli [type strain SJ-92T (=CGMCC 1.17695T=KCTC 82208T)] are proposed.
Evaluation of hydrogen embrittlement by the scratch method
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Zihan , Zhang Yue , Xu GuangTao , Zhao MingHao , Li Yanmin
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find a new method to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement performance of heterogeneous materials and thin film materials.

Design/methodology/approach

The changes of hydrogen embrittlement properties of steel were studied by electrochemical hydrogen charging test and scratch test. The microstructure and properties of the alloy were analyzed by hardness tester, scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional morphology. The fracture toughness before and after hydrogen charging was calculated based on the scratch method.

Findings

The results showed that the hydrogen-induced hardening phenomenon occurs in the material after hydrogen charging. The scratch depth and width increased after hydrogen charging. The fracture toughness obtained by the scratch method showed that hydrogen reduces the fracture toughness of the material. The comparison error of fracture toughness calculated by indentation method was less than 5%.

Originality/value

The results show that the scratch method can evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement performance of the material. This method provides a possibility to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement of thin-film and heterogeneous materials.
Effective communication during organizational change: a cross-cultural perspective
Authors: Shrivastava Samir , Pazzaglia Federica , Sonpar Karan , McLoughlin Damien
Published: April 2022

Purpose

There is a growing consensus about the role of communication in facilitating employees' acceptance of and support for organizational change initiatives. However, little is known about why communication breakdowns occur during change or how change recipients' cultural values can influence the effectiveness of communication in this context. The study addresses this gap.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop a theoretical framework that links four purposes of communication during change—disrupting, envisioning, legitimizing, and co-creating—to change recipients' cultural orientations. The authors also develop propositions that highlight how change agents' cultural sensitivity influences the relationship between communication purpose and the change readiness of change recipients.

Findings

The study implies that greater awareness and consideration of cultural values can reduce the likelihood of communication breakdowns and promote greater acceptance of and support for change initiatives. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of their theoretical framework for micro-level perspectives on change.

Practical implications

Although failures to change have in the past been linked to poor communication efforts by change agents, less is known about how or why communication breakdowns occur from the perspective of change recipients. The framework teases out issues related to the “what”, ‘how”, and “why” aspects of communication and offers prescriptions on the best approaches to communicate change.

Social implications

Despite the rise of multicultural workforces and a recognition of the role played by cultural values in influencing leadership practices across cultures, theories of change have neglected these elements. Effective change efforts not only help enable economic and social renewal, they also enable the well-being of employees. Additionally, many change initiatives in the modern era have social implications (e.g. enhancing sustainability, inclusion and diversity).

Originality/value

A key contribution is a synthesis of different bodies of literature that have developed separately from each other. The authors offer some nuanced and counter-intuitive insights into what makes communication effective during change and identify culturally sensitive communication as an antecedent of change readiness.
Study of the flow mechanism and influencing factors of sputum excretion from the distal lung
Authors: Jin Yongjun , Cui Haihang , Chen Li , Liu Zhe , Sun Kai
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the mechanism of efficient sputum excretion from the distal lung by using a tessellationally distal lung model with alveolar pores.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a two-dimensional tessellational composite structure of the bronchus, alveoli and alveolar pores (Kohn pore) is constructed with the tessellational splitting and fusion of regular hexagonal elements. Then, the level set method is used to study the effects of alveolar pores and their sizes, expiratory cycles and respiratory intensity.

Findings

The existence of alveolar pores is the prerequisite for sputum excretion, and there is an optimal size of alveolar pores for sputum excretion. Strong asymmetric respiration can break the reversibility of the flow at a low Reynolds number and causes significant net displacement of sputum. The expiratory cycle is negatively correlated with the net displacement of sputum. The respiratory intensity is positively correlated with the net displacement of sputum.

Originality/value

This research is helpful for understanding the complex sputum excretion process in diseases, such as pneumonia, and developing corresponding adjuvant therapy.
Joule heating in squeezed flow of hybrid nanomaterial via FDM with Cattaneo–Christov (C–C) heat flux
Authors: Muhammad Khursheed , Hayat Tasawar , Ahmad Bashir
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the combined impacts of velocity and thermal slips on hybrid nanomaterial (GO+Ag+kerosene oil) bounded between two parallel infinite walls (plates). Both the walls are separated by a distance. The upper wall is subjected to squeezing with velocity, while the lower wall stretches with velocity. A uniform magnetic field acts normally to the flow. Moreover, heat transmission is analyzed in the presence of Joule heating. Heat transport characteristics are investigated by imposing the Cattaneo–Christov (C–C) heat flux model. The behavior of velocities, skin friction and temperature under sundry variables are examined graphically.

Design/methodology/approach

The obtained partial differential equations (PDEs) related to the considered problem are nondimensionalized by choosing appropriated variables. These nondimensional PDEs are then solved by the numerical technique, finite difference method (FDM). For implementation of this method, the obtained nondimensional PDEs are converted into finite difference equations (FDEs) using forward difference (FD) toolkits.

Findings

Velocity of the hybrid nanomaterial decreases with higher Hartman number and velocity slip parameter, while it increases with increase in Reynolds and squeezing numbers. Temperature of the hybrid nanomaterial increases for large Hartman number, Eckert number and squeezing parameter, while it is reduced by higher thermal slip parameter, thermal relaxation time parameter and nanoparticle volume fractions for graphene oxide (GO) and silver (Ag). Skin friction is controlled through higher Reynolds number, while it intensifies with nanoparticle volume fractions for GO and Ag.

Originality/value

Here, the authors have investigated 2D flow of hybrid nanomaterial bounded between two parallel walls. The lower and upper walls are subjected to stretching and squeezing, respectively. The authors guarantee that all outcomes and numerical technique (FDM) results are original, neither submitted nor published in any journal before.