bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of graphene based on a Ba2Cu8Ni2Se12catalyst with CoS nanospheres for a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Oh Won-Chun , Liu Yin , Cho Kwang Youn , Jung Chong-Hun , Areerob Yonrapach
Published: February 2020

A novel graphene-Ba2Cu8Ni2Se12catalyst with CoS nanospheres (GBC) was synthesizedviaa facile hydrothermal method for use as a counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Effect of aspect ratios of rutile TiO2 nanorods on overall photocatalytic water splitting performance
Authors: Fu Bing , Wu Zhijiao , Cao Shuang , Guo Kai , Piao Lingyu
Published: February 2020

The spatial separation of reduction and oxidation reaction sites on the different facets of a semiconductor is an ideal and promising route for the overall photocatalytic water splitting due to efficient charge carrier separation.
A wet-processed, binder-free sulfur cathode integrated with a dual-functional separator for flexible Li–S batteries
Authors: Fu Xuewei , Dunne Francis , Chen Min , Zhong Wei-Hong
Published: February 2020

A dissolving–recrystallizing strategy for fabricating binder-free flexible sulfur cathodes integrated with dual-functional separators is reported.
One-step controllable synthesis of three-dimensional WO3 hierarchical architectures with different morphologies decorated with silver nanoparticles: enhancing the photocatalytic activity
Authors: Capeli R. A. , Dalmaschio C. J. , Teixeira S. R. , Mastelaro V. R. , Chiquito A. J. , Longo E. , Pontes F. M.
Published: February 2020

Hierarchical architecture self-assembled three-dimensional WO3 and WO3·Ag with high uniformity have been successfully obtained using peroxopolytungstic acid as precursor and silver in a morphological engineering approach under moderate hydrothermal conditions.
Applicability of electro-osmotic flow for the analysis of the surface zeta potential
Authors: Plohl Olivija , Zemljič Lidija Fras , Potrč Sanja , Luxbacher Thomas
Published: February 2020

Detail comparison of two different electrokinetic phenomena EOF and SP method for the SZP determination with taking into account various materials with different surface and bulk properties.
The Hitchhiker's guide to biocatalysis: recent advances in the use of enzymes in organic synthesis
Authors: Sheldon Roger A. , Brady Dean , Bode Moira L.
Published: February 2020

Enzymes are excellent catalysts that are increasingly being used in industry and academia. This Perspective provides a general and practical guide to enzymes and their synthetic potential, primarily aimed at synthetic organic chemists.
In situ monitoring of mechanochemical synthesis of calcium urea phosphate fertilizer cocrystal reveals highly effective water-based autocatalysis
Authors: Julien Patrick A. , Germann Luzia S. , Titi Hatem M. , Etter Martin , Dinnebier Robert E. , Sharma Lohit , Baltrusaitis Jonas , Friščić Tomislav
Published: February 2020

Using the mechanosynthesis of the fertilizer cocrystal calcium urea phosphate as a model, we provide a quantitative investigation of chemical autocatalysis in a mechanochemical reaction.
De novofabrication of multi-heteroatom-doped carbonaceous materialsviaanin situdoping strategy
Authors: Luo Yali , Yang Zhenzhen , Guo Wei , Chen Hao , Wang Tao , Liu Yunfei , Lyu Yinong , Luo Huimin , Dai Sheng
Published: February 2020

De novofabrication of multi-heteroatom-doped carbonaceous materials was realizedviaanin situdoping strategy with task-specific ionic liquids as precursors.
Introduction of an antifouling photoelectrode: an effective strategy for a high-performance photoelectrochemical cytosensor
Authors: Ma Linzheng , Zhao Huan , Fan Gao-Chao , Luo Xiliang , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: February 2020

An efficient strategy for a high-performance PEC cytosensor with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity was proposed by introducing an antifouling photoelectrode for the first time.
Ba13In12Zn7S38 and Ba12In12Zn8Se38: infrared nonlinear optical chalcogenides designed by zinc-induced non-centrosymmetry transformation
Authors: Yang Long-Qi , Ye Run , Jiang Xiao-Ming , Liu Bin-Wen , Zeng Hui-Yi , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: February 2020

Ba13In12Zn7S38 and Ba12In12Zn8Se38: infrared nonlinear optical chalcogenides designed by zinc-induced non-centrosymmetry transformation in the Ba–In–Q (Q = S, Se) system.
Beyond biotemplating: multiscale porous inorganic materials with high catalytic efficiency
Authors: Magnabosco Giulia , Papiano Irene , Aizenberg Michael , Aizenberg Joanna , Falini Giuseppe
Published: February 2020

Biotemplating makes it possible to prepare materials with complex structures by taking advantage of nature's ability to generate unique morphologies.
High-rate asymmetrical supercapacitors based on cobalt-doped birnessite nanotubes and Mn-FeOOH nanotubes
Authors: Shen Man , Zhu Shi Jin , Guo Ziyang , Fu Xin , Huo Wangchen , Jing Chuan , Liu Xiaoying , Zhang Yu Xin
Published: February 2020

Herein, we firstly prepared Co-doped birnessite and Mn-FeOOH nanotubes by a simple hydrothermal process using a sacrificed template method. The doping ratio was adjusted by setting the molar ratios of Co and Mn in the preparing process. Both the Co-doped birnessite and Mn-FeOOH nanotubes exhibit ideal electrochemical properties, especially their excellent rate capability.
Large optical polarizability causing positive effects on the birefringence of planar-triangular BO3groups in ternary borates
Authors: Zhou Xinyuan , Huang Junben , Cai Gemei , Zhou Hengwei , Huang Yineng , Su Xin
Published: February 2020

For ternary borates containing BO3planar triangles only, α-/β-TM3(BO3)2(TM = Zn, Cd), Cd2B2O5, and M3(BO3)2(M = Hg, Mg, Ca, Sr), a large optical permittivity Δεmakes a positive contribution to the birefringence Δn.
Potential for neutron and proton transmutation doping of GaN and Ga2O3
Authors: Logan Julie V. , Frantz Elias B. , Casias Lilian K. , Short Michael P. , Morath Christian P. , Webster Preston T.
Published: February 2020

High energy proton irradiation produces long-lived p-type doping in GaN and Ga2O3.
Comparative study of ASNase immobilization on tannic acid-modified magnetic Fe3O4/SBA-15 nanoparticles to enhance stability and reusability
Authors: Noma Samir Abbas Ali , Ulu Ahmet , Acet Ömür , Sanz Raúl , Sanz-Pérez Eloy S. , Odabaşı Mehmet , Ateş Burhan
Published: February 2020

Herein, we report the preparation of tannic acid-modified magnetic Fe3O4/SBA-15 nanoparticles and their application as a carrier matrix for immobilization of ASNase, an anticancer enzyme-drug.
Maximizing macromonomer content produced by starved-feed high temperature acrylate/methacrylate semi-batch polymerization
Authors: Heidarzadeh Nina , Hutchinson Robin A.
Published: February 2020

Suitable semi-batch reaction conditions are determined to maximize the fraction of acrylate chains with TDBs while also achieved a target polymer molar mass.
Correction: Nickel-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles: biosynthesis, cytotoxicity and UV protection studies
Authors: Miri Abdolhossein , Sarani Mina , Khatami Mehrdad
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘Nickel-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles: biosynthesis, cytotoxicity and UV protection studies’ by Abdolhossein Miri et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 3967–3977.
Profiles of immune cell infiltration in head and neck squamous carcinoma
Authors: Liang Bin , Tao Ye , Wang Tianjiao
Published: February 2020

Tumor immune infiltration cells (TIICs) are highly heterogeneous, not only in different cancer subtypes but also within different cancer regions. We conducted the Cell-type Identification using Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) method. We assessed the relative proportions of 22 TIICs in HNSC using publicly available TCGA transcriptional datasets, analyzed the proportions of TIICs between HNSC tissues and normal tissues, along with accompanying clinicopathological data, and the impact of TIICs on clinical outcome. After the filter criteria, a total of 395 patients were included in the analysis. We found significant differences in naïve B cells, monocytes, resting mast cells, activated mast cells, CD8+ T cells, and M0 macrophages between HNSC tissues and adjacent non-cancer tissues. We also found that some TIIC subgroups were significantly associated with clinical parameters. Moreover, the patients with low Tregs fraction had worse OS and DFS than those with high Tregs fraction. However, low M0 macrophages fraction was associated with better OS and DFS in HNSC patients. Moreover, Tregs and M0 macrophages are likely to be important determinants of prognosis, which may serve as a potential immunotherapy target for HNSC. Then, we screened the immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), performed the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, constructed the protein–protein interaction network, and screened the prognosis-related hub genes in HNSC. However, further clinical investigation and basic experiments are needed to validate our results, and uncover the molecular mechanisms interlinking TIICs in HNSC and their roles in prognosis and therapy.
Single‐loop control scheme for electrolytic capacitor‐less AC–DC rectifiers with PFC in continuous conduction mode
Authors: Nassary M. , Orabi M. , El Aroudi A.
Published: February 2020

A new simplified control scheme is proposed for AC–DC electrolytic capacitor‐less converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM). The proposed method has a single‐loop controller responsible for both regulation and power factor correction (PFC). In comparison with the two‐loop conventional CCM current mode controller, the proposed scheme does not need a multiplier or extra sensors hence simplifying the control circuitry and its design procedures. Modelling of the closed‐loop converter is addressed and experimental results are provided to show the feasibility of the control scheme.
Low‐complexity signal detection for large‐scale MIMO systems with second‐order Richardson method
Authors: Khoso Imran A. , Zhang Xiaofei , Shaikh Abdul Hayee
Published: February 2020

Linear minimum mean‐square error (MMSE) detection achieves near‐optimal performance in large‐scale multiple‐input multiple‐output (LS‐MIMO) systems but entails high computational complexity due to large matrix inversion operations. In this Letter, a novel computationally efficient algorithm based on second‐order Richardson method is proposed to solve the LS‐MIMO detection problem. While no a priori information for the first iteration of the second‐order Richardson method is available, the conjugate gradient scheme is exploited that greatly reduces the number of iterations to achieve the desired performance. Moreover, the eigenvalue‐based acceleration parameters are proposed to further accelerate the convergence rate. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed detector outperforms the existing methods and approaches the performance of MMSE with a small number of iterations.
Das hypoplastische Linksherzsyndrom
Authors: Lindemann-Wittke Dagmar
Published: February 2020

Wie erkennt man diesen komplexen Herzfehler und welche Operationsmöglichkeiten gibt es für die betroffenen Kinder? Diese Fachinformation zum Herzfehler hypoplastisches Linksherzsyndrom stellt den theoretischen, medizinischen Hintergrund für den zweiten Schwerpunkt-Beitrag „Mit einem komplexen Herzfehler aufwachsen“ vor.
Prävention der Übertragung von Malariaerregern durch Bluttransfusion: ein Update über die Diagnostik und Spendertestung
Authors: Nowak-Harnau Stefanie , Hering Benedikt , Mordmüller Benjamin , Bakchoul Tamam
Published: February 2020

Eine Übertragung von Malariaerregern durch Blutprodukte in Ländern, in denen Malaria nicht endemisch vorkommt, ist durch subklinisch infizierte Spender möglich, die in ein Malariarisikogebiet gereist sind oder die in einem Malariarisikogebiet geboren oder aufgewachsen sind. In Deutschland müssen sowohl die Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Herstellung von Blut und Blutprodukten als auch die Vorgaben des Paul-Ehrlich-Instituts zur Einschätzung des Risikos der Malariaendemiegebiete bei der Spenderauswahl berücksichtigt werden. Spendewillige mit einem Aufenthalt von 6 Monaten oder mehr in einem Risikogebiet für Malaria bzw. Spendewillige, die in Risikogebieten geboren sind, dürfen 4 Jahre nach Rückkehr aus einem Risikogebiet nur, wenn sie mittels geeigneter Methoden negativ getestet wurden, Blut spenden. Die Testung dieser Spender soll das Risiko einer Übertragung von Malariaerregern an Empfänger von Blutprodukten verringern. Verschiedene Testmethoden stehen hierfür zur Verfügung. In diesem Artikel werden wir die aktuelle Datenlage zur Prävention von Malariaübertragung durch Bluttransfusion zusammenfassen und einen Algorithmus vorstellen, welcher eine Zulassung von Spendewilligen ohne Anhalt für das Vorliegen einer Malariainfektion ermöglichen könnte.
Medical care or clinical research on humans? Contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin in the GDR and its consequences
Authors: Schochow Maximilian , Steger Florian
Published: February 2020

Background In 1978 and 1979, contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin was used in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). As a result, several thousand women were, in the end, infected with hepatitis C. These women received medical attention, part of which was research on hepatitis C. Up to now, results of the research and data are being published in international journals. It remains unclear whether the affected women were asked to be subjects of the clinical research.

Methods The authors analyzed historical sources and conducted interviews with contemporary witnesses.

Results In the GDR, these women were compulsorily treated by physicians without sufficient information about the disease, diagnostics, and therapy. If the women refused medical care, they were coerced into it by the physicians. Medical care and research were inseparable. Without the knowledge of the women and without their consent, research was carried out on the blood samples and liver biopsies acquired from them.

After the German reunification, the same physicians continued to conduct research on the same group of patients. Beginning in 1990, interferon therapy was offered to the women. Parallel to the medication with interferon, studies on the effects of the therapy were carried out. In this case as well, the women were not informed about the use of collected data, nor did they agree to it.

Conclusions Physicians should clearly define the border between medical care and scientific interest. Exclusively, data obtained from studies performed correctly under ethical point of view should be accepted for publication.
Der Schmerz bestimmt ihr Leben – Fallbeispiel Migräne
Authors: Schäfer Benjamin
Published: February 2020

Frau Schneider leidet seit 23 Jahren unter Migräne – im Schnitt 13–16-mal im Monat. Aufgrund der vielen Kopfschmerztage und ihres Medikamentenübergebrauchs war sie bereits in stationärer Behandlung. Ein Jahr später benötigt sie wegen eines Rückfalls erneut Unterstützung und profitiert schließlich von einer verhaltensorientierten Physiotherapie mit Edukation und Manueller Therapie.
Der richtige Mensch am falschen Platz – Fehlbesetzungen vermeiden
Authors: Freitag-Herse Barbara
Published: February 2020

Bei der Besetzung einer Schlüsselstelle ist Fingerspitzengefühl gefragt. Doch auch, wenn die Entscheidung für ein bestimmtes Teammitglied anfangs manchmal noch so gut und richtig erscheint, kann sie sich als Fehlbesetzung entpuppen. Dann sollten Sie handeln, und zwar schnell.
Keep on rollin’– Rollertraining für Gleichgewicht und Beinkraft
Authors: Marwede Wiebke
Published: February 2020

Tretroller wecken Kindheitserinnerungen. Mit dem Wind im Gesicht durch die Straßen brausend – wer hat das als Kind nicht geliebt? Heute, im Zeitalter von E-Mobilität, erlebt der Roller sein Comeback, wie viele Großstädte beweisen. In der Physiotherapie kann die muskelkraftbetriebene Variante eine willkommene Abwechslung zu bestehenden Therapieangeboten sein.
Erlotinib plus Gemcitabin als Therapie bei Patienten mit metastasiertem Pankreaskarzinom: Ergebnisse einer nicht-interventionellen Studie
Authors: Westphalen C. Benedikt , Heinemann Volker , Tessen Hans Werner , Groschek Matthias , Hoeffkes Heinz-Gert , Marschner Norbert , Schulze Mathias , Beringer Andreas , Waldschmidt Dirk
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfasung

Von allen Krebserkrankungen hat das metastasierte Pankreaskarzinom die schlechteste Prognose. Mit nab-Paclitaxel/Gemcitabin, FOLFIRINOX und Gemcitabin/Erlotinib gibt es mehrere Therapieoptionen, die das Gesamtüberleben der Patienten verbessern. Insbesondere Patienten, die unter der Therapie mit Erlotinib einen Hautausschlag (Rash) entwickeln, können von der Gemcitabin-Erlotinib-Kombinationstherapie profitieren. Diese nichtinterventionelle Studie (NIS ML21284) untersuchte die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit der Gemcitabin-Erlotinib-Kombinationstherapie in der Behandlungsroutine des metastasierten Pankreaskarzinoms, insbesondere hinsichtlich Rash.

Zwischen 2007 und 2010 wurden die Behandlungsdaten von 433 Patienten aus 98 Zentren dokumentiert. Die erhobenen Parameter wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Nach einer Gemcitabin-Erlotinib-Behandlung war das mediane Gesamtüberleben der Patienten mit Rash-Grad ≥ 1 mit 9,90 (95 %-Konfidenzintervall [KI]: 8,19–11,05) signifikant erhöht gegenüber 6,48 Monaten (95 %-KI: 5,66–7,40) bei Patienten, die keinen Rash entwickelten (p = 0,0010). Dies gilt ebenso für das mediane progressionsfreie Überleben (Patienten mit Rash-Grad ≥ 1 5,43; 95 %-KI: 4,90–6,12 vs. Patienten ohne Rash 3,98 Monate; 95 %-KI: 3,52–5,03, p = 0,0131). Die Gesamtansprechrate lag bei den mit Erlotinib und Gemcitabin behandelten Patienten mit Rash-Grad ≥ 1 um 5,9 % höher als bei Patienten ohne Rash (31,7 % vs. 25,8 %).

Zusammenfassend unterstreichen die Ergebnisse aus der täglichen Behandlungspraxis des metastasierten Pankreaskarzinoms die Bedeutung der Kombinationstherapie Gemcitabin und Erlotinib für die Patientensubgruppe, die unter der Behandlung Rash entwickelt.
Der „critical view of safety“ zur Vermeidung von Gallengangskomplikationen bei der laparoskopischen Cholezystektomie
Authors: Grass Katharina , Oeckl Karin , Kersting Stephan
Published: February 2020

Die laparoskopische Cholezystektomie ist eine der am häufigsten durchgeführten Operationen weltweit. Gerade aufgrund der hohen Fallzahlen bleibt die iatrogene Verletzung des Ductus choledochus, so selten sie ist, ein nicht zu unterschätzendes Risiko des Eingriffs. Im Laufe der Jahre wurden unterschiedliche Methoden beschrieben, diese schwerwiegende Komplikation mit ihrer hohen Morbidität und sogar Mortalität zu vermeiden. Eine der sichersten Methoden der Vermeidung von Gallengangsläsionen ist die Etablierung des sog. „critical view of safety“ vor Durchtrennung jeglicher Strukturen, der in diesem Lehrvideo demonstriert werden soll.
Newcomer – Aufbau einer jungen Profession in Ghana
Authors: Ibrahim Iddi , Bonno Isabelle
Published: February 2020

Erst seit knapp 20 Jahren gibt es Physiotherapie in Ghana. Rund 250 Therapeuten haben seitdem das Studium abgeschlossen, darunter auch der 35-jährige Iddi Ibrahim. Er war einer der ersten Absolventen und arbeitet seit seinem Abschluss in einem öffentlichen Akutkrankenhaus in Bolgatanga, im Norden Ghanas. In physiopraxis gibt er einen Einblick.
Behinderten-Weitwurf und menschliche Würde
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: February 2020

Der Film „The Wolf of Wall Street“ (2013) hat einen eindrücklichen Beginn: Regisseur Martin Scorsese kontrastiert die Werbeclips, welche die noblen Werte und die Seriösität der Investmentfirma Stratton Oakmont betonen, mit den Zuständen hinter deren Türen: Hier vergnügen sich Mitarbeiter beim „Zwergenweitwurf“. Bei dieser Belustigung werden Menschen mit Kleinwuchs, einer Wachstumsstörung, welche eine Vielzahl von Ursachen haben kann, in sichere Schutzkleidung eingepackt und wie Sportgeräte geworfen: Der weiteste Zwergenwurf kürt den Sieger. Eine Metapher bzw. Übung für das reale Geschehen im Investmentgeschäft? In Deutschland wurde der „Zwergenweitwurf“ gerichtlich untersagt.
Das diffuse maligne peritoneale Mesotheliom (DMPM) – eine seltene Diagnose
Authors: Habbel Victoria Susanne Antonia , Mahler Elisa Annabelle , Feyerabend Bernd , Oldhafer Karl-Jürgen , Lipp Michael Josef
Published: February 2020

Das diffuse maligne peritoneale Mesotheliom (DMPM) ist eine seltene Diagnose. Es tritt häufiger bei Männern als bei Frauen auf. Die Symptome sind vor allem unspezifische abdominelle Beschwerden, was die Diagnosestellung erschwert. Die Ursachen des DMPM sind noch nicht ausreichend geklärt. Ca. 7 % der peritonealen Mesotheliome lassen sich auf eine Asbestexposition zurückführen. Das DMPM war bis zur Entwicklung des Therapiekonzepts der systematischen chirurgischen Zytoreduktion (CRS) und anschließenden hyperthermen intraperitonealen Chemotherapie (HIPEC) eine fatale Diagnose mit einer medianen Lebenserwartung von 4–13 Monaten. Mit der CRS und HIPEC verbesserte sich die Prognose des DMPM deutlich auf 30–92 Monate heutzutage. Das vorliegende Fallbeispiel stellt die heute mögliche Therapie und deren Ergebnisse vor.
Empfehlungen für das Management nicht spezifischer Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: February 2020

Oliveira CB, Maher CG, Pinto RZ et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview. Eur
Spine J 2018; 27: 2791–2803. doi: 10.1007/s00586–018–5673–2. Epub 2018 Jul 3
Role of gastrointestinal endoscopy in the screening of digestive tract cancers in Europe: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement
Authors: Săftoiu Adrian , Hassan Cesare , Areia Miguel , Bhutani Manoop S. , Bisschops Raf , Bories Erwan , Cazacu Irina M. , Dekker Evelien , Deprez Pierre H. , Pereira Stephen P. , Senore Carlo , Capocaccia Riccardo , Antonelli Giulio , van Hooft Jeanin , Messmann Helmut , Siersema Peter D. , Dinis-Ribeiro Mario , Ponchon Thierry
Published: February 2020

Summary of statements

In Europe at present, but also in 2040, 1 in 3 cancer-related deaths are expected to be caused by digestive cancers. Endoscopic technologies enable diagnosis, with relatively low invasiveness, of precancerous conditions and early cancers, thereby improving patient survival. Overall, endoscopy capacity must be adjusted to facilitate both effective screening programs and rigorous control of the quality assurance and surveillance systems required.

1 For average-risk populations, ESGE recommends the implementation of organized population-based screening programs for colorectal cancer, based on fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), targeting individuals, irrespective of gender, aged between 50 and 75 years. Depending on local factors, namely the adherence of the target population and availability of endoscopy services, primary screening by colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy may also be recommendable.

2 In high-risk populations, endoscopic screening for gastric cancer should be considered for individuals aged more than 40 years. Its use in countries/regions with intermediate risk may be considered on the basis of local settings and availability of endoscopic resources.

3 For esophageal and pancreatic cancer, endoscopic screening may be considered only in high-risk individuals:

– For squamous cell carcinoma, in those with a personal history of head/neck cancer, achalasia, or previous caustic injury;

– For Barrett’s esophagus (BE)-associated adenocarcinoma, in those with long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (i. e., > 5 years) and multiple risk factors (age ≥ 50 years, white race, male sex, obesity, first-degree relative with BE or esophageal adenocarcinoma [EAC]).

– For pancreatic cancer screening, endoscopic ultrasound may be used in selected high-risk patients such as those with a strong family history and/or genetic susceptibility.
A Qualitative Investigation of Provers' Experiences of Participation in Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trials
Authors: Dymitr Zofia , Partington Hazel , Duckworth Jean
Published: February 2020

Background Information on homeopathic medicines is derived from “provings” or homeopathic pathogenetic trials (HPTs), in which people (often homeopaths and homeopathy students) are invited to take an unnamed and often untested highly diluted and serially succussed substance, and record in detail their experiences and perceived effects. HPTs are assumed to have an “excellent safety record”, but there has been no academic research to date into provers' experiences of participating in an HPT.

Aims This qualitative study aimed to explore the lived experience of participation in an HPT. It is hoped that the results from this study will inform the future conduct of HPTs.

Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in person, by phone or via Skype, according to the interviewees' preferences. Thematic analysis was used for the generation of themes.

Results Eight former provers were interviewed from across the European Union (EU) and Australia. Of these, seven were practicing homeopaths and one was not a practitioner. Overarching themes were identified as: (1) the ethical conduct of HPTs, and (2) the impact of participation in HPTs.

Conclusion Former provers who participated in this study reported enthusiasm for, and trust in, the proving process. However, some also reported adverse events, which varied in intensity and duration. The process of gaining fully informed consent for participation in an HPT is complex and there were examples of both failure and inadequacy in terms of informed consent and support mechanisms.

Recommendations The researchers recommend that HPTs are subject to ethical approval processes and that consent is fully informed and ongoing. It is also recommended that appropriate and robust support mechanisms be developed.
Median Nerve Variation: A Complete Spin before Terminal Branching
Authors: Hanna Amgad S. , Wei Zhikui , Hanna Barbara A.
Published: February 2020

Median nerve anatomy is of great interest to clinicians and scientists given the importance of this nerve and its association with diseases. A rare anatomical variant of the median nerve in the distal forearm and wrist was discovered during a cadaveric dissection. The median nerve was deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) in the carpal tunnel. It underwent a 360-degree spin before emerging at the lateral edge of FDS. The recurrent motor branch moved from medial to lateral on the deep surface of the median nerve, as it approached the distal carpal tunnel. This variant doesn't fall into any of Lanz's four groups of median nerve anomalies. We propose a fifth group that involves variations in the course of the median nerve. This report underscores the importance of recognizing variants of the median nerve anatomy in the forearm and wrist during surgical interventions, such as for carpal tunnel syndrome.
Experiences of Health Care Providers Using a Mobile Medical Photography Application
Authors: Wyatt Kirk D. , Willaert Brian N. , Lohse Christine M. , Pallagi Peter J. , Yiannias James A. , Hellmich Thomas R.
Published: February 2020

Objective To understand the ways in which providers use a mobile photography application integrated with the electronic health record (EHR) to facilitate clinical care, and the process outcomes that result from the application's use.

Methods An e-mail survey was sent on November 13, 2017, to 1,463 health care providers at Mayo Clinic who had used an internally developed, EHR-integrated medical photography application.

Results The survey was completed by 712 (49%) providers. Providers reported using the application on approximately 1 in 7 days spent in clinical practice. Median provider satisfaction with the use of the application (0–100 scale; higher numbers indicate favorable response) was 94 (interquartile range [IQR]: 74–100). Although the use for store-and-forward telemedicine was reported (22% often or frequently used the application to send photographs to a specialist for advice), the most common use was for clinical documentation (65% often or frequently used the application to supplement text-based notes with photographs, and 71% often or frequently used the application to take photographs for reference by a colleague who may see the patient in the future). Of the health care providers, 36% indicated that the application's use often or frequently expedited treatment.

Discussion Health care providers reported using a mobile point-of-care medical photography application regularly in clinical practice and were generally satisfied with the application.

Conclusion Point-of-care medical photography using a secure mobile, EHR-integrated application has potential to become a new standard of care for clinical documentation and may facilitate continuity across the continuum of care with multiple providers who see a patient.
Cutaneous Metastasis: A Prelude to a Sinister Outcome
Authors: Pathania Vikas , Sandhu Sunmeet , Tripathy Durga M. , Oberoi Bhavni
Published: February 2020

Cutaneous metastasis is an uncommon presentation of primary internal malignancy presenting for dermatology cross-referrals with an incidence ranging from 0.7 to 10%. It may be the first presentation of an underlying primary malignancy. The primary may remain unknown in up to 3 to 5% cases. Detailed evaluation of clinical presentation with emphasis on cytomorphological features, immunohistochemistry, and imaging aids in identification of an unknown primary. Incidence of leukemia cutis has been reported to be as high as 22% and is associated with poor prognosis. In majority of the patients, presentation of cutaneous metastasis signifies advanced disease with ominous outcome. It correlates with either treatment failure or reoccurrence of previously treated malignancy. Though cutaneous metastatic lesions are amenable to early visual detection, this entity may be easily mistaken for common dermatological conditions and hence goes unrecognized. Lesions of cutaneous metastasis may bear therapeutic and prognostic implications. Therefore, a very high index of suspicion is warranted to accurately and timely diagnose such manifestations of hidden malignancies. We report three such cases that highlight the protean manifestations of internal malignancies.
High-transconductance indium oxide transistors with a lanthanum-zirconium gate oxide characteristic of an electrolyte
Authors: Li Jinwang , Tsukada Hirokazu , Miyasako Takaaki , Tue Phan Trong , Akiyama Kazuhiro , Nakazawa Hiromi , Takamura Yuzuru , Mitani Tadaoki , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: February 2020

We report solution-processed oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) with an indium oxide (InO) channel and a lanthanum–zirconium oxide (LZO) gate insulator with a transconductance (of the mS order) that was two to three orders of magnitude higher than in common oxide TFTs. Analyses revealed that while the mobility was not high, the induced charge density in the channel was extremely high [typically >1.2 × 1014 cm–2 per volt of VG, corresponding to a high dielectric constant (ɛr) of >5000 for the InO/LZO structure]. In addition, the TFTs exhibited low operating voltages (1–2 V) and low subthreshold swing factors (SS, 70–90 mV decade−1) that were close to the theoretical limit (∼60 mV decade−1 at room temperature) of an ideal transistor. The transconductance decreased with decreasing humidity and was similar to that of a typical oxide TFT in a dry environment. Our data indicated that the high carrier density may arise from the formation of electric double layers in the presence of water molecules. Additionally, the crystallinity of the InO channel layer was dependent on the La/Zr ratio in LZO: the crystallinity significantly improved with an La/Zr ratio of 3/7 (high-transconductance TFTs) compared with a ratio of 7/3 (usual TFTs).
Efficient terahertz (THz) generation by nonlinear mixing of bicolor top-hat lasers in hot plasma
Authors: Manendra  , Singh Kunwar Pal , Bhati Ruchi , Malik Anil K
Published: February 2020

We report a theoretical model of radially polarized terahertz (THz) wave emission by nonlinear mixing of bicolor, radially polarized lasers having a top-hat envelope profile [s (profile index)≥1] in density modulated hot plasma. We investigate the effect of the laser profile index on the emitted THz field profile and found that THz field amplitude and peak location changes with the laser profile index. Our numerical investigations show that THz field amplitude is the highest around ωp≈ω1−ω2 (where ωp is the plasma frequency and ω1 and  ω2 are the laser frequencies). We observe that phase matching can be achieved with the help of the plasma density modulation wave number. The plasma density modulation wave number increases with electron temperature and decreases with the frequency mismatch between ωp and ω1−ω2. We found that the conversion efficiency is maximum at ω1−ω2≈ωp and increases fivefold with an increase in electron thermal velocity (vth) from vth=0 to vth=0.2c, where c is the speed of light.
Plasma–metal junction
Authors: Arumugam Saravanan , Perumal M. , Anjana K. P. , Satyanarayna S. V. M. , Sinha Suraj Kumar
Published: February 2020

In this work, the concept of plasma–metal junction (pm-junction) is presented, in addition to well established physics of pn-junction, metal–semiconductor junction, semiconductor–insulator junction, etc. We demonstrate experimentally the dependence of I-V characteristics on work function of the metal for a pm-junction. The experiment is done using tungsten (W) and stainless steel (SS) having different work functions (Φm) of 4.55 eV and 4.30 eV, respectively. The W and SS planar metal probes of identical geometry were exposed to plasma simultaneously, making two distinct pm-junctions. The plasma exposed is identical for both the metals, and therefore, the difference observed in the I-V characteristics of these two pm-junctions is attributed only to the difference in an energy-band diagram of these junctions, owing to respective work function. The proposed concept of the pm-junction may simplify the complex plasma–material interactions in all laboratory plasmas, including cold glow discharges to hot fusion plasmas.
First predictive simulations for deuterium shattered pellet injection in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Hoelzl M. , Hu D. , Nardon E. , Huijsmans G. T. A. ,   JOREK Team,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: February 2020

First simulations of deuterium shattered pellet injection into an ASDEX Upgrade H-Mode plasma with the JOREK MHD code are presented. Resistivity is increased by one order of magnitude in most simulations to reduce computational costs and allow for extensive parameter scans. The effect of various physical parameters on MHD activity and thermal quench (TQ) dynamics is studied and MHD influence on ablation is shown. TQs are obtained quickly after injection in most simulations with a typical duration of 100 microseconds, which slows down at lower resistivity. Although the n = 1 magnetic perturbation dominates in the simulations, toroidal harmonics up to n = 10 contribute to stochastization and stochastic transport in the plasma core. The post-TQ density profile remains hollow for a few hundred microseconds. However, when flux surfaces re-form around the magnetic axis, the density becomes monotonic, again, suggesting beneficial behavior for runaway electron avoidance/mitigation. With 1021 atoms injected, TQ is typically incomplete and triggered when the shards reach the q = 2 rational surface. At a larger number of injected atoms, TQ can set in even before the shards reach this surface. For low field side injection considered here, repeated formation of outward convection cells is observed in the ablation region reducing material assimilation. This is due to sudden rise of pressure in the high density cloud when the stochastic region expands further releasing heat from the hot core. After TQ, strong sheared poloidal rotation is created by Maxwell stress, which contributes to re-formation of flux surfaces.
Mechanisms of GaN quantum dot formation during nitridation of Ga droplets
Authors: Lu H. , Reese C. , Jeon S. , Sundar A. , Fan Y. , Rizzi E. , Zhuo Y. , Qi L. , Goldman R. S.
Published: February 2020

We have examined the formation mechanisms of GaN quantum dots (QDs) via annealing of Ga droplets in a nitrogen flux. We consider the temperature- and substrate-dependence of the size distributions of droplets and QDs, as well as the relative roles of Ga/N diffusivity and GaN nucleation rates on QD formation. We report on two competing mechanisms mediated by Ga surface diffusion, namely, QD formation at or away from pre-existing Ga droplets. We discuss the relative roles of nucleation- and coarsening-dominant growth, as well as zincblende vs wurtzite polytype selection, on various substrates. These insights provide an opportunity for tailoring QD size distributions and polytype selection for a wide range of III-N semiconductor QDs.
Hall-effect sensors functioning up to at least 600 degrees Celsius
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: February 2020

After functioning successfully at 600 C, Hall-effect sensors show a full operational recovery, hinting towards potential applications in aerospace missions.
Occludin protects secretory cells from ER stress by facilitating SNARE-dependent apical protein exocytosis
Authors: Zhou Tao , Lu Yunzhe , Xu Chongshen , Wang Rui , Zhang Liye , Lu Pengfei
Published: February 2020

Significance

Despite being the first tight junction (TJ) component discovered and numerous in vitro studies showing its TJ-related functions,
Ocln
has remained elusive regarding its physiological functions because
Ocln
null mice develop normally. Here we demonstrate that
Ocln
null mammary gland epithelium has intact TJ integrity, which argues against it being an essential TJ component as previously expected; rather,
Ocln
plays a role in regulating protein secretion by binding to SNARE components.
Ocln
mutant milk-producing cells exhibit defective protein secretion and augmented endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, ultimately leading to protein expression shutdown and lactation failure in mutant mice. Our results thus shed important light on the essential physiological functions of
Ocln
in the vertebrate epithelium.
A three-dimensional hybrid electrode with electroactive microbes for efficient electrogenesis and chemical synthesis
Authors: Fang Xin , Kalathil Shafeer , Divitini Giorgio , Wang Qian , Reisner Erwin
Published: February 2020

Integration of electroactive bacteria into electrodes combines strengths of intracellular biochemistry with electrochemistry for energy conversion and chemical synthesis. However, such biohybrid systems are often plagued with suboptimal electrodes, which limits the incorporation and productivity of the bacterial colony. Here, we show that an inverse opal-indium tin oxide electrode hosts a large population of current-producing
Geobacter
and attains a current density of 3 mA cm
−2
stemming from bacterial respiration. Differential gene expression analysis revealed
Geobacter
’s transcriptional regulations to express more electron-relaying proteins when interfaced with electrodes. The electrode also allows coculturing with
Shewanella
for syntrophic electrogenesis, which grants the system additional flexibility in converting electron donors. The biohybrid electrode containing
Geobacter
can also catalyze the reduction of soluble fumarate and heterogenous graphene oxide, with electrons from an external power source or an irradiated photoanode. This biohybrid electrode represents a platform to employ live cells for sustainable power generation and biosynthesis.
Joint training for police and interpreters in specific scenarios
Authors: Norton Irina
Published: February 2020

The article focuses on this pioneering project, which is still in the early stages but already shows great potential.

In the present market situation in the UK when inexperienced, unqualified and frequently unvetted individuals are allowed to practice, it is crucial for interpreters to differentiate themselves as professionals, which entails Continuing Professional Development. Joint training offers a unique opportunity for police officers and interpreters to share experiences and have meaningful discussions on the daily challenges they face. It provides a number of learning points for police officers and enables best practice for interpreters.
Turning towards unity: a North Caucasian perspective on the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
Authors: Slye Sarah
Published: February 2020

This article traces the efforts of the Union of Allied Mountaineers (UAM) to uphold the indigenous North Caucasians’ right to selfdetermination from March 1917, when the organization hoped for Russia’s restructuring as a federal republic wherein the Mountaineers (gortsy) would enjoy full political autonomy on their own territory (national-territorial autonomy), to May 1918, when the Mountaineer leaders attempted to join the Transcaucasian Federation. After the Bolshevik coup d’état in October 1917, the Mountain leaders declared the autonomy of the Provisional Mountain Government on 2 December 1917 and later the independence of the Mountain Republic on 11 May 1918 – in order to join the newly independent Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR). Since the UAM had been resistant to the idea of administrative unity with Transcaucasia for most of 1917, this article clarifies the logic behind the Mountain leadership’s reorientation away from Russia and towards Transcaucasia in early 1918. And considering the Mountain Republic declared independence at the very moment when the anti-separatist Terek People’s Republic insisted that it represented the political will of both the settler and native populations of the North Caucasus, this article also evaluates these two rival republics’ claims to popular legitimacy among the autochthonous Mountaineers.
NovelWoods–Saxon stochastic resonance system for weak signal detection*
Authors: Zhou Yong-Hui , Xu Xue-Mei , Yin Lin-Zi , Ding Yi-Peng , Ding Jia-Feng , Sun Ke-Hui
Published: February 2020

We propose a joint exponential function and Woods–Saxon stochastic resonance (EWSSR) model. Because change of a single parameter in the classical stochastic resonance model may cause a great change in the shape of the potential function, it is difficult to obtain the optimal output signal-to-noise ratio by adjusting one parameter. In the novel system, the influence of different parameters on the shape of the potential function has its own emphasis, making it easier for us to adjust the shape of the potential function. The system can obtain different widths of the potential well or barrier height by adjusting one of these parameters, so that the system can match different types of input signals adaptively. By adjusting the system parameters, the potential function model can be transformed between the bistable model and the monostable model. The potential function of EWSSR has richer shapes and geometric characteristics. The effects of parameters, such as the height of the barrier and the width of the potential well, on SNR are studied, and a set of relatively optimal parameters are determined. Moreover, the EWSSR model is compared with other classical stochastic resonance models. Numerical experiments show that the proposed EWSSR model has higher SNR and better noise immunity than other classical stochastic resonance models. Simultaneously, the EWSSR model is applied to the detection of actual bearing fault signals, and the detection effect is also superior to other models.
Comparative calculation on Li+ solvation in common organic electrolyte solvents for lithium ion batteries*
Authors: Liu Qi , Wu Feng , Mu Daobin , Wu Borong
Published: February 2020

It is important for the electrolytes to maintain and enhance the lithium ion battery electrochemical performance, and solvation of Li+ is a key parameter for the property of the electrolytes. The comparative study on Li+ solvation structures, energy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, infrared and Raman spectra in common organic electrolyte solvents is completed by density functional theory (DFT) method. The solvation reaction energy results suggest that the Li+ solvation priority order is propylene carbonate (PC) > ethylene carbonate (EC) > ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) > diethyl carbonate (DEC) > tetrahydrofuran (THF) > dimethyl carbonate (DMC) > 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) > dimethoxyethane (DME) to form 5sol-Li+. It is also indicated that the most innermost solvation shell compounds formations by stepwise spontaneous solvation reaction are four cyclic solvent molecules and three linear solvent molecules combining one Li+ forming 4sol-Li+ and 3sol-Li+, respectively, at room temperature. Besides, the vibration peaks for C=O and C–O bonds in carbonate ester solvents-Li+ compounds shift to lower frequency and higher frequency, respectively, when the Li+ concentration increases in the solvation compounds. All Li–O stretching vibration peaks shift to higher frequency until forming 2solvent-Li+ complexes, and C–H stretching also shifts to higher frequency except for nDME-Li+ solvation compounds. The Raman spectrum is more agile to characterize C–H vibrations and IR is agile to C=O, C–O, and Li–O vibrations for Li+ solvation compounds.
Irradiation hardening behaviors of tungsten–potassium alloy studied by accelerated 3-MeVW2+ ions*
Authors: Yang Xiao-Liang , Chen Long-Qing , Qiu Wen-Bin , Song Yang-Yi-Peng , Tang Yi , Cui Xu-Dong , Liu Chang-Song , Jiang Yan , Zhang Tao , Tang Jun
Published: February 2020

Tungsten–potassium (WK) alloy with ultrafine/fine grains and nano-K bubbles is fabricated through spark plasma sintering (SPS) and rolling process. In this study, 3-MeV W2+ ion irradiation with a tandem accelerator is adopted to simulate the displacement damage caused by neutrons. As the depth of irradiation damage layer is limited to only 500 nm, the hardening behaviors of WK alloy and ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)-W under several damage levels are investigated through Bercovich tip nanoindentation test and other morphological characterizations. The indenter size effect (ISE), soft substrate effect (SSE), and damage gradient effect (DGE) are found to influence the measurement of nano-hardness. Few or no pop-ins in irradiated samples are observed while visible pop-in events take place in unirradiated metals. Extensive pile-up with different morphology features around the indentation exists in both WK and ITER-W. The WK shows a smaller hardness increment than ITER-W under the same condition of displacement damage. This study provides beneficial information for WK alloy serving as a promising plasma facing materials (PFMs) candidate.
Trunk pitch oscillations for energy trade-offs in bipedal running birds and robots
Authors: Drama Özge , Badri-Spröwitz Alexander
Published: February 2020

Bipedal animals have diverse morphologies and advanced locomotion abilities. Terrestrial birds, in particular, display agile, efficient, and robust running motion, in which they exploit the interplay between the body segment masses and moment of inertias. On the other hand, most legged robots are not able to generate such versatile and energy-efficient motion and often disregard trunk movements as a means to enhance their locomotion capabilities. Recent research investigated how trunk motions affect the gait characteristics of humans, but there is a lack of analysis across different bipedal morphologies. To address this issue, we analyze avian running based on a spring-loaded inverted pendulum model with a pronograde (horizontal) trunk. We use a virtual point based control scheme and modify the alignment of the ground reaction forces to assess how our control strategy influences the trunk pitch oscillations and energetics of the locomotion. We derive three potential key strategies to leverage trunk pitch motions that minimize either the energy fluctuations of the center of mass or the work performed by the hip and leg. We suggest how these strategies could be used in legged robotics.