bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greater risk of all‐cause revisions and complications for obese patients in 3 106 381 total knee arthroplasties: a meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Onggo James Randolph , Ang James Jia Ming , Onggo Jason Derry , de Steiger Richard , Hau Raphael
Published: August 2021

Background

Obesity is a major public health issue and has considerable implications on outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there has been conflicting evidence and conclusions on the effects of obesity on TKA. This meta‐analysis compares the outcomes, complications, and peri‐operative parameters of TKA in the obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) versus non‐obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) population as well as subgroup analysis of morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) versus non‐obese population.

Methods

A meta‐analysis was conducted with a multi‐database search according to PRISMA guidelines on 12 September 2019. Data from all published literature meeting inclusion criteria were extracted and analysed.

Results

Ninety‐one studies were included, consisting of 917 447 obese and 2 188 834 non‐obese TKA. Obese patients had higher risk of all‐cause revisions (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08–1.24, p < 0.0001), all complications (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06–1.38, p = 0.004), deep infections (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.27–1.69, p < 0.0001), superficial infections (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.32–1.91, p < 0.0001), wound dehiscence (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.24–1.72, p < 0.0001) and readmissions (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.40, p = 0.009). Subgroup analysis of morbidly obese patients revealed greater risks of all‐cause revisions (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10–1.43, p = 0.0009), deep infections (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.05–3.75, p = 0.04), superficial infections (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 2.08–2.88, p < 0.0001) and readmissions (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.20–1.47, p < 0.0001). No analysis was performed on patient reported outcome measures due to heterogeneous reporting methods.

Conclusion

Obese and morbidly obese patients have higher risks of revisions and infections post TKA. Surgeons should counsel patients of these risks during the informed consenting process and adopt preventative strategies into clinical practice to reduce risks where possible. In conclusion, obesity is a significant, modifiable risk factor for increased complications following TKA.
Cashew nut shell liquid potentially mitigates methane emission from the feces of Thai native ruminant livestock by modifying fecal microbiota
Authors: Narabe Chiaki , Kamiyama Saki , Saito Mizuki , Boonsaen Phoompong , Khongpradit Anchalee , Sawanon Suriya , Suzuki Yutaka , Koike Satoshi , Kobayashi Yasuo
Published: August 2021

The methane‐mitigating potency of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) was evaluated by investigating gas production from batch cultures using feces from Thai native ruminants that had been incubated for different periods. Feces was obtained from four Thai native cattle and four swamp buffaloes reared under practical feeding conditions at the Kasetsart University farm, Thailand. Fecal slurry from the same farm was also included in the analysis. CNSL addition successfully suppressed the methane production potential of feces from both ruminants by shifting short chain fatty acid profiles towards propionate production. Methane mitigation continued for almost 150 days, although the degree of mitigation was more apparent from Day 0 to Day 30. Bacterial and archaeal community shifts with CNSL addition were observed in feces from both ruminants; specifically, Bacteroides increased, whereas Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased in feces to which CNSL was added. Fecal slurry did not show marked changes in gas production with CNSL addition. The findings showed that the addition of CNSL to the feces of ruminants native to the Southeast Asian region can suppress methane emission. Because CNSL can be easily obtained as a byproduct of the local cashew industry in this region, its on‐site application might be ideal.
Influence of maxillary antrolith on the clinical outcome of implants placed simultaneously with osteotome sinus floor elevation: A retrospective radiographic study
Authors: Chen Hsuan‐Hung , Yi Chieh‐An , Chen Ya‐Chi , Tsai Chia‐Chin , Lin Po‐Yen , Huang Her‐Hsiung
Published: August 2021

Background

Large antroliths and those located adjacent to the sinus floor can affect clinical interventions and increase the difficulty of implant placement performed simultaneously with osteotome sinus floor elevation surgery.

Purpose

This retrospective study investigated the clinical outcomes of implants placed simultaneously with osteotome sinus floor elevation subjacent to maxillary antroliths.

Material and methods

Twenty implants inserted subjacent to or intruding into the antrolith after sinus floor elevation were evaluated in 18 patients. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to measure antrolith size and membrane thickness at sites of osteotome sinus floor elevation. Periapical radiographs were used to assess the height of grafted bone. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was performed to correlate the occurrence of antroliths with patient background characteristics and dental outcomes, based on a sample population of 239, among whom 33 presented antroliths.

Results

The 20 implants remained clinically stable over a mean follow‐up period of 42.4 months. The mean thickness of the sinus membrane at osteotome sites was 5.4 ± 3.3 mm. None of the cases presented sinus membrane perforation or sinus symptoms following osteotome intervention. The mean gain in the height of grafted sinus bone was 4.0 ± 1.4 mm at the last follow‐up. The occurrence of antroliths was higher among females and the elderly (>49 years old). The multivariable GEE analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio for the occurrence of antroliths with root canal fillings was significantly lower than those without root canal fillings (odds ratio = 0.33; 95% confidence interval = 0.11–0.96).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that osteotome sinus floor elevation is a surgical procedure with a risk <17%. Thorough planning based on CBCT and careful management during surgery can eliminate the negative effects of antroliths on implant performance.
Transcending capitalism growth strategies for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Moranta Joan , Torres Cati , Murray Ivan , Hidalgo Manuel , Hinz Hilmar , Gouraguine Adam
Published: August 2021

The unlimited economic growth that fuels capitalism's metabolism has profoundly transformed a large portion of Earth. The resulting environmental destruction has led to an unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss. Following large‐scale losses of habitats and species, it was recognized that biodiversity is crucial to maintaining functional ecosystems. We sought to continue the debate on the contradictions between economic growth and biodiversity in the conservation science literature and thus invite scholars to engage in reversing the biodiversity crisis through acknowledging the impacts of economic growth. In the 1970s, a global agenda was set to develop different milestones related to sustainable development, including green–blue economic growth, which despite not specifically addressing biodiversity reinforced the idea that economic development based on profit is compatible with the planet's ecology. Only after biodiversity loss captured the attention of environmental sciences researchers in the early 2000s was a global biodiversity agenda implemented. The agenda highlights biodiversity conservation as a major international challenge and recognizes that the main drivers of biodiversity loss derive from economic activities. The post‐2000 biodiversity agendas, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the post‐2020 Convention on Biological Diversity Global Strategy Framework, do not consider the negative impacts of growth‐oriented strategies on biodiversity. As a result, global biodiversity conservation priorities are governed by the economic value of biodiversity and its assumed contribution to people's welfare. A large body of empirical evidence shows that unlimited economic growth is the main driver of biodiversity loss in the Anthropocene; thus, we strongly argue for sustainable degrowth and a fundamental shift in societal values. An equitable downscaling of the physical economy can improve ecological conditions, thus reducing biodiversity loss and consequently enhancing human well‐being.
Direct peroral cholangioscopy with narrow band imaging via endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy route in malignant choledochojejunostomy anastomotic stricture
Authors: Mandai Koichiro , Inoue Takato , Uno Koji
Published: August 2021

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Completion of annual diabetes care processes and mortality: A cohort study using the National Diabetes Audit for England and Wales
Authors: Holman Naomi , Knighton Peter , OʼKeefe Jackie , Wild Sarah H. , Brewster Sarah , Price Hermione , Patel Kiran , Hanif Wasim , Patel Vinod , Gregg Edward W. , Holt Richard I. G. , Gadsby Roger , Khunti Kamlesh , Valabhji Jonathan , Young Bob , Sattar Naveed
Published: August 2021

Aim

To conduct an analysis to assess whether the completion of recommended diabetes care processes (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c], creatinine, cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index [BMI], smoking habit, urinary albumin, retinal and foot examinations) at least annually is associated with mortality.

Materials and methods

A cohort from the National Diabetes Audit of England and Wales comprising 179 105 people with type 1 and 1 397 790 people with type 2 diabetes, aged 17 to 99 years on January 1, 2009, diagnosed before January 1, 2009 and alive on April 1, 2013 was followed to December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for demographic characteristics, smoking, HbA1c, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, BMI, duration of diagnosis, estimated glomerular filtration rate, prior myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, respiratory disease and cancer, were used to investigate whether care processes recorded January 1, 2009 to March 31, 2010 were associated with subsequent mortality.

Results

Over a mean follow‐up of 7.5 and 7.0 years there were 26 915 and 388 093 deaths in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Completion of five or fewer, compared to eight, care processes (retinal screening not included as data were not reliable) had a mortality hazard ratio (HR) of 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28‐1.46) in people with type 1 and 1.32 (95% CI 1.30‐1.35) in people with type 2 diabetes. The HR was higher for respiratory disease deaths and lower in South Asian ethnic groups.

Conclusions

People with diabetes who have fewer routine care processes have higher mortality. Further research is required into whether different approaches to care might improve outcomes for this high‐risk group.
Rapamycin prevents the long‐term impairing effects of adolescence Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol on memory and plasticity in male rats
Authors: Sabran‐Cohen Talia , Bright Uri , Mizrachi Zer‐Aviv Tomer , Akirav Irit
Published: August 2021

Long‐lasting cognitive impairment is one of the most central negative consequences related to the exposure to cannabis during adolescence and particularly of Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The aim of this study was to compare the protracted effects of adolescent versus late‐adolescent chronic exposure to THC on short‐term memory and plasticity and to examine whether rapamycin, a blocker of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, can restore THC‐induced deficits in memory and plasticity. Male rats were injected with ascending doses of THC [2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally (i.p.)] during adolescence and late‐adolescence (post‐natal days 30–41 and 45–56, respectively), followed by daily injections of rapamycin (1 mg/kg, i.p.) during the first 10 days of cessation from THC. Thirty days after the last injection, rats were tested for short‐term and working memory, anxiety‐like behaviour, and plasticity in the pathways projecting from the ventral subiculum (vSub) of the hippocampus to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). THC exposure in adolescence, but not late‐adolescence, was found to induce long‐term deficits in object recognition short‐term memory and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal‐accumbens pathway. Importantly, rapamycin rescued these persistent effects of THC administered during adolescence. Our findings show that some forms of memory and plasticity are sensitive to chronic THC administration during adolescence and that rapamycin administered during THC cessation may restore cognitive function and plasticity, thus potentially protecting against the possible long‐term harmful effects of THC.
Panax notoginseng saponin attenuates the hypoxic–ischaemic injury in neonatal rats by regulating the expression of neurotrophin factors
Authors: Huang Jin , Tan Ya‐Xin , Xue Lu‐Lu , Du Ruo‐Lan , Chen Jun‐Jie , Chen Li , Li Ting‐Ting , Bai Xue , Yang Si‐Jin , Xiong Liu‐Lin , Wang Ting‐Hua
Published: August 2021

Neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic (HI) injury is a serious complication of neonatal asphyxia and the leading cause of neonatal acute death and chronic neurological injury, and the effective therapeutic method is lacking to improve patients' outcomes. We reported in this study that panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) may provide a treatment option for HI. HI model was established using neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats and then intraperitoneally injected with different dosage of PNS, once a day for 7 days. Histological staining and behavioural evaluations were performed to elucidate the pathological changes and neurobehavioural variation after PNS treatment. We found PNS administration significantly reduced the infarct volume of brain tissues and improved the autonomous activities of neonatal rats, especially with higher dosage. PNS treatment at 40 mg/kg reduced neuronal damage, suppressed neuronal apoptosis and depressed astroglial reactive response. Moreover, the long‐term cognitive and motor functions were also improved after PNS treatment at 40 mg/kg. Importantly, PNS treatment elevated the levels of BDNF and TrkB but decreased the expression of p75NTR both in the cortex and hippocampus of HI rats. The therapeutic efficacy of PNS might be correlated with PNS‐activated BDNF/TrkB signalling and inactivation of p75NTR expression, providing a novel potential therapy for alleviating HI injury.
Investors' decisions following acquisition announcements: A configurational analysis of the role of acquirers' resources, capabilities, and strategic fit with the target firm
Authors: Colovic Ana , Lamotte Olivier , Yang Jiachen
Published: August 2021

This research investigates how different configurations of acquirers' resources, capabilities, and strategic fit with the target firm influence investors' decisions following acquisition announcements. Drawing on signalling theory and the resource‐based view, we argue that investors closely scrutinize acquirers' bundles of resources to evaluate holistically the future outcome of the deal. Our fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) confirms that investors' decisions leading to abnormal stock returns following acquisition announcements depend on the configuration of the acquirer's resources, capabilities, and strategic fit with the target. It also reveals different configurations that lead to high or low short‐term stock market performance. Based on the findings, we propose five strategic profiles of merger and acquisition (M&A) deals.
Machine learning‐enabled multitrust audit of stroke comorbidities using natural language processing
Authors: Shek Anthony , Jiang Zhilin , Teo James , Au Yeung Joshua , Bhalla Ajay , Richardson Mark P. , Mah Yee
Published: August 2021

Background and purpose

With the increasing adoption of electronic records in the health system, machine learning‐enabled techniques offer the opportunity for greater computer‐assisted curation of these data for audit and research purposes. In this project, we evaluate the consistency of traditional curation methods used in routine clinical practice against a new machine learning‐enabled tool, MedCAT, for the extraction of the stroke comorbidities recorded within the UK's Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP) initiative.

Methods

A total of 2327 stroke admission episodes from three different National Health Service (NHS) hospitals, between January 2019 and April 2020, were included in this evaluation. In addition, current clinical curation methods (SSNAP) and the machine learning‐enabled method (MedCAT) were compared against a subsample of 200 admission episodes manually reviewed by our study team. Performance metrics of sensitivity, specificity, precision, negative predictive value, and F1 scores are reported.

Results

The reporting of stroke comorbidities with current clinical curation methods is good for atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, but poor for congestive cardiac failure. The machine learning‐enabled method, MedCAT, achieved better performances across all four assessed comorbidities compared with current clinical methods, predominantly driven by higher sensitivity and F1 scores.

Conclusions

We have shown machine learning‐enabled data collection can support existing clinical and service initiatives, with the potential to improve the quality and speed of data extraction from existing clinical repositories. The scalability and flexibility of these new machine‐learning tools, therefore, present an opportunity to revolutionize audit and research methods.
Endoscopic image recognition method of gastric cancer based on deep learning model
Authors: Qiu Wengang , Xie Jun , Shen Yi , Xu Jiang , Liang Jun
Published: August 2021

The combination of computer algorithms to diagnose clinical images has attracted more and more attention. This research aims to improve the efficiency of gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis, so deep learning (DL) algorithms are tentatively used to assist doctors in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. In the experiment, the collected 3591 gastroscopic images were divided into network training set and experimental verification test set. The lesion samples in the image are all marked by many endoscopists with many years of clinical experience. In order to improve the experimental effect, 5261 endoscopic images were obtained by expanding the training set. Then the obtained training set is input into the convolutional neural network (CNN) for training, and finally get the algorithm model DLU‐Net. By inputting 598 test set samples into the CNN constructed in this paper, five results such as advanced GC, early GC, precancerous lesions, normal and benign lesions can be identified and output, with a total accuracy of 94.1%. It can be concluded that the DL algorithm model constructed in this paper can effectively identify the staging characteristics of cancer as well as gastroscopic images, greatly improve efficiency, and effectively assist physicians in the diagnosis of GC under gastroscopy.
Barreras y Soluciones: Lessons learned from integrating research‐based clinical techniques into a community agency serving low‐income Latinx immigrant families
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Cervantes Breana R. , Hecht Hannah K. , Marquez Christina M. , DePrado Rosy , Torres Gina , Robles Araceli , Chirinos Noraima , Leal Francisca , Montiel Gloria Itzel , Pedroza Melissa , Guerra Nancy
Published: August 2021

Barriers facing effective science‐to‐practice translation have led scholars to conduct early‐stage intervention research within community organizations. We describe our experiences developing a manualized parent–youth attachment‐based group therapy intervention within a community health organization dedicated to serving low‐income Latinx immigrant families, Latino Health Access (LHA), in which services are rendered by trained community workers (promotores). By conducting a qualitative analysis of interviews with all members of this academic–community partnership (research [Principal Investigator, student researchers] and community agency team members [Administrators, promotores]), we discuss the challenges and opportunities that this collaboration has generated. The results led both the research and community teams to question assumptions about the basic skills, values, and attitudes that underlie the integration of science and practice. We will share the insights that have helped to promote connection and understanding among the stakeholders and the efforts made to support the progress and successes of developing community interventions.
Cytosolic lipolysis in non‐adipose tissues: energy provision and beyond
Authors: Chen Siyu , Huang Xun
Published: August 2021

Cytosolic lipolysis is a well‐defined biochemical process that plays important roles in the mobilization of stored neutral lipids. Lipid turnover, regulated by cytosolic lipolysis, has been extensively studied in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. The storage and utilization of neutral lipids is a basic function of most, if not all, tissues and cells. In this review, we focus on the functions of cytosolic lipolysis mainly in non‐adipose tissues and in several physiological processes, including cancer, longevity, and pathogen infection. The mechanisms underlying the impact of cytosolic lipolysis on these events will be discussed. Detailed understanding of cytosolic lipolysis in both adipose and non‐adipose tissues will have implications for future clinical translation.
Evaluation of plastic deformation and prediction of thermal mechanical fatigue life of an Al–Si alloy piston for diesel engines
Authors: Li Ziliang , Li Jianxing , Zhu Ye , Guo Jinbao , Li Meng , Luo Yu
Published: August 2021

In this study, a three‐step prediction method was developed to predict the thermal mechanical fatigue (TMF) life of an Al–Si alloy piston: (1) establishing a relation between the plastic deformation and fatigue life under the temperature cycle of 100–350°C via a series of TMF tests of the aluminum alloy specimens; (2) computing the dangerous plastic deformation of the piston under the thermal shock condition of interest by numerical simulation; (3) estimating the life of the piston through taking the computed plastic deformation into the established relation. The effectiveness of the proposed prediction method was verified by thermal shock tests of the piston, and the prediction error is no more than 25%. The mechanism of piston cracking can be summarized as follows: the inhomogeneous plastic deformation induced higher tensile stress around primary Si particles and protrusions at the rim and then microcracks were produced at the protrusions under the dangerous tensile stress, and finally, macrocracks occurred. The life of the piston under the thermal shock load and combustion pressure is speculated to be shorter than that under the thermal shock load. Considering the effect of stress relaxation on plastic deformation, the long full‐load operation of the engine contributes to the piston cracking in T direction, while the long idling operation reduces the piston cracking tendency in T direction and increases the piston cracking tendency in F and R directions.
Response to “Connectivity and pore accessibility in models of soil carbon cycling”
Authors: Waring Bonnie G. , Sulman Benjamin N. , Reed Sasha , Smith A. Peyton , Averill Colin , Creamer Courtney A. , Cusack Daniela F. , Hall Steven J. , Jastrow Julie D. , Jilling Andrea , Kemner Kenneth M. , Kleber Markus , Liu Xiao‐Jun Allen , Pett‐Ridge Jennifer , Schulz Marjorie
Published: August 2021

Here we respond to Baveye and colleagues' recent critique of our PROMISE model, describing how this new framework significantly advances our understanding of soil spatial heterogeneity and its influence on organic matter transformations.
The poetic identity work and sisterhood of Black women becoming academics
Authors: Sobande Francesca , Wells Jaleesa Renee
Published: August 2021

Studies highlight institutional structures that hamper the recruitment, retention, and progression of Black university students and scholars in Britain. Yet, scarce research explores the nuanced encounters of Black women who are early career (Ph.D.) researchers, facing entangled oppressions. Located in a Black feminist tradition and by drawing on two Black women's (our) accounts of co‐reflexive identity work in academia, this article addresses calls for more sociological analysis of how intersecting antiblackness and sexism impacts academic experiences. By analyzing the identity work and spirit of Black sisterhood embedded in a longitudinal postal poetic exchange that we began as doctoral students, this research examines components of collaborative, co‐reflexive, and counter‐narrative coping mechanisms between Black women in Britain in predominantly white institutions. We conceptualize dimensions of poetic co‐reflexivity and identity work at the nexus of studentship and scholarship as Black women; through a praxis‐based framework—Black women “becoming” academics.
Influence of fermentation with different lactic acid bacteria and in vitro digestion on the change of phenolic compounds in fermented kiwifruit pulps
Authors: Chen Xiao , Yuan Minlan , Wang Yuting , Zhou Yan , Sun Xiaohong
Published: August 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of fermentation and gastrointestinal digestion of three kinds of fermented kiwifruit pulps with different Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei). The changes in bioactive substances (total phenolic acid, total flavonoid, vitamin C and the viable count), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity) and phenolic profiles (protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and p‐coumaric acid) were detected. The result showed, compared to non‐fermented kiwifruit pulp, fermentation with LP and LA had higher content of TPA, TF and VC, as well as antioxidant capacity. Fermentation with LP and the content of protocatechualdehyde, p‐coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid were increased. However, after digestion, LP showed more effect in maintaining the content of antioxidants, antioxidant capacity and the viable count rather than LA. During digestion, the content of protocatechualdehyde and p‐coumaric acid was increased in fermented samples compared with non‐fermented samples. Overall, compared with LA and LC, LP is more suitable for the fermentation of kiwifruit pulp.
Effects of plasma‐activated water and heat moisture treatment on the properties of wheat flour and dough
Authors: Shi Miaomiao , Wang Fei , Ji Xiaolong , Yan Yizhe , Liu Yanqi
Published: August 2021

Plasma‐activated water (PAW) production and use is an emerging technology for enhancing product safety, extending shelf‐life and quality retention, and promoting sustainable processing. At present, it has generated considerable attention for applications to starch and flour modification. This work presents an innovative approach to wheat flour (WF) modification using PAW and heat‐moisture treatment (HMT), and compares this approach with distilled water (DW) treatment. As expected, PAW and HMT promoted flour granule clustering, increasing particle size. These treatments accelerated molecular interactions between wheat starch and non‐starch components (e.g. proteins and lipids), which eventually increased resistant starch (RS) content. Addition of modified flour (30 g) to WF positively affected its rheological properties, and closely bound water content of the dough. The gluten protein network structure in the dough suffered varying degrees of damage. In conclusion, our results showed that PAW and HMT may provide a novel beneficial method for modifying wheat flour during food processing to obtain viscoelastic wheat flour products with nutritional functions.
Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on respiratory surveillance and explanation of high detection rate of human rhinovirus during the pandemic in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Heui Man , Lee Eun Jung , Lee Nam‐Joo , Woo Sang hee , Kim Jeong‐Min , Rhee Jee Eun , Kim Eun‐Jin
Published: August 2021

Background

After the detection of the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in South Korea on January 20, 2019, it has triggered three major outbreaks. To decrease the disease burden of COVID‐19, social distancing and active mask wearing were encouraged, reducing the number of patients with influenza‐like illness and altering the detection rate of influenza and respiratory viruses in the Korea Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance System (KINRESS). We examined the changes in respiratory viruses due to COVID‐19 in South Korea and virological causes of the high detection rate of human rhinovirus (hRV) in 2020.

Methods

We collected 52 684 oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swab samples from patients with influenza‐like illness in cooperation with KINRESS from 2016 to 2020. Influenza virus and other respiratory viruses were confirmed using real‐time RT‐PCR. The weekly detection rate was used to compare virus detection patterns.

Results

Non‐enveloped virus (hRV, human bocavirus, and human adenovirus) detection rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic were maintained. The detection rate of hRV significantly increased in 2020 compared with that in 2019 and was negatively correlated with number of COVID‐19‐confirmed cases in 2020. The distribution of strains and genetic characteristics in hRV did not differ between 2019 and 2020.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the respiratory virus detection rate. The extremely low detection rate of enveloped viruses resulted from efforts to prevent the spread of COVID‐19 in South Korea. The high detection rate of hRV may be related to resistance against environmental conditions as a non‐enveloped virus and the long period of viral shedding from patients.
Safety and feasibility of conduction system pacing in patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Cano Óscar , Dandamudi Gopi , Schaller Robert D. , Pérez‐Roselló Víctor , Ayala Hebert D. , Izquierdo Maite , Osca Joaquín , Sancho‐Tello María‐José , Rueda Joaquín , Ruiz Eladio , Insa Beatriz , Martínez‐Dolz Luis , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Conduction system pacing (CSP) has emerged as an ideal physiologic pacing strategy for patients with permanent pacing indications. We sought to evaluate the safety and feasibility of CSP in a consecutive series of unselected patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods

Consecutive patients with CHD in which CSP was attempted were included. Safety and feasibility, implant tools and electrical parameters at implant and at follow‐up were evaluated.

Results

A total of 20 patients were included (10 with a previous device). A total of 10 patients had complex forms of CHD, 9 moderate defects and 1 a simple defect. CSP was achieved in 75% of cases (10 His bundle pacing, 5 left bundle branch pacing) with left ventricular septal pacing in the remaining 5 patients. Procedure times and fluoroscopy times were prolongued (126 ± 82 min and 27 ± 30 min, respectively). Ventricular lead implant times widely varied ranging from 4 to 115 min, (mean 31 ± 28 min) and the use of multiple delivery sheaths was frequent (50%). The QRS width was reduced from 145 ± 36 ms at baseline to 116 ± 18 ms with CSP. Implant electrical parameters included: CSP pacing threshold 0.95 ± 0.65 V; R wave amplitude 9.2 ± 8.8 mV and pacing impedance 632 ± 183 Ohms, and remained stable at a median follow‐up of 478 days (interquartile range: 225–567). Systemic ventricle systolic function and NYHA class (1.50 ± 0.51 vs. 1.10 ± 0.31; p = .008) significantly improved at follow‐up. Lead revision was required in one patient at Day 4.

Conclusions

Permanent CSP is safe and feasible in patients with CHD although implant technique is complex.
Curcumin improves memory deficits by inhibiting HMGB1‐RAGE/TLR4‐NF‐κB signalling pathway in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice hippocampus
Authors: Han Yuan , Chen Rui , Lin Qicheng , Liu Yu , Ge Wenwei , Cao Hong , Li Jun
Published: August 2021

Amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition in the brain has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and neuroinflammation generates AD progression. Therapeutic effects of anti‐inflammatory approaches in AD are still under investigation. Curcumin, a potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in AD models. However, curcumin's anti‐inflammatory molecular mechanisms and its associated cognitive impairment mechanisms in AD remain unclear. The high‐mobility group box‐1 protein (HMGB1) participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Herein, we attempted to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effects of chronic oral administration of curcumin and HMGB1 expression in APP/PS1 transgenic mice AD model. We found that transgenic mice treated with a curcumin diet had shorter escape latencies and showed a significant increase in percent alternation, when compared with transgenic mice, in the Morris water maze and Y‐maze tests. Additionally, curcumin treatment could effectively decrease HMGB1 protein expression, advanced glycosylation end product‐specific receptor (RAGE), Toll‐like receptors‐4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) in transgenic mice hippocampus. However, amyloid plaques detected with thioflavin‐S staining in transgenic mice hippocampus were not affected by curcumin treatment. In contrast, curcumin significantly decreased GFAP‐positive cells, as assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Taken together, these data indicate that oral administration of curcumin may be a promising agent to attenuate memory deterioration in AD mice, probably inhibiting the HMGB1‐RAGE/TLR4‐NF‐κB inflammatory signalling pathway.
Ethical dimensions of translational developmental neuroscience research in autism
Authors: Manzini Arianna , Jones Emily J.H. , Charman Tony , Elsabbagh Mayada , Johnson Mark H. , Singh Ilina
Published: August 2021

Background

Since the 1990s, increasing research has been devoted to the identification of biomarkers for autism to help attain more objective diagnosis; enable early prediction of prognosis; and guide individualized intervention options. Early studies focused on the identification of genetic variants associated with autism, but more recently, research has expanded to investigate neurodevelopmental markers. While ethicists have extensively discussed issues around advances in autism genomics, much less ethical scrutiny has focused on research on early neurodevelopment and on the interventions being developed as a result.

Objectives

We summarize the current state of the science on the identification of early markers for autism and its potential clinical applications, before providing an overview of the ethical issues arising from increasing understanding of children's neurodevelopment in very early life.

Results

Advances in the understanding of brain and behavioral trajectories preceding later autism diagnosis raise ethical concerns around three themes: (a) New models for understanding autism; (b) Risks and benefits of early identification and intervention; and (c) Communication of early concerns to families. These ethical issues should be further investigated in research conducted in partnership with autistic people and their families.

Conclusions

This paper highlights the need for ethical scrutiny of early neurodevelopmental research in autism. Scrutiny requires expertise and methods from the basic sciences and bioethics, as well as constructive collaborations among autistic people, their parents, and autism researchers to anticipate early interventions that serve the community's interests and accommodate the varied experiences and preferences of people on the spectrum and their families.
Competitive survival in a devastated industry: Evidence from hotels during COVID‐19
Authors: Noel Michael D.
Published: August 2021

In the face of COVID‐19, the federal government scrambled to provide emergency funding to businesses, but did not always take into account the heterogeneous nature of firms, especially within industries. Using the lodging industry as the application, this article shows that businesses' failure risk in a pandemic depends on a business' native ability to adapt to changing safety needs, in particular its ability to provide a socially distanced environment. Hotels not well suited to social distancing—for example, destination‐type hotels with large gathering spaces and many personalized services—offered deeper price discounts or closed down altogether during the pandemic. Simpler hotels with fewer ancillary services were more likely to remain open, with a substantial proportion actually increasing prices. Area infection rates mattered little. Effects are identified by comparing prepandemic expectations of outcomes to updated within‐pandemic expectations of outcomes, all while holding the place and the time of consumption fixed.
miR‐434 and miR‐242 have a potential role in heat stress response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , Wang Yongjie , Liu Zhe , Kang Yujun , Ma Fang , Luo Zhicheng , Wang Jianfu , Huang Jinqiang
Published: August 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are being extensively studied as they function as key metabolic regulators which play a role in the heat stress response. However, the role of miRNAs in heat stress remains uncertain and many new miRNAs have not yet been discovered. In a previous study, we performed high‐throughput sequencing of differentially expressed miRNAs identified on exposing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to heat stress (18 vs. 24°C), which led to the identification of two novel miRNAs, temporarily named novel miR‐434 and ‐242. The differential expression level of these miRNAs was extremely significant (P < 0.01); we analysed target gene mRNA transcripts by bioinformatics software (miRanda). We found novel miR‐434 and ‐242 were predicted to regulate the transcripts of heat shock 70‐kDa protein 4‐like (HSPA4L) and calreticulin (CRT), respectively, by bioinformatics software. Here our core objective was to validate if HSPA4L and CRT are indeed the target genes of novel miR‐434 and ‐242, respectively, and for this purpose we used the dual‐luciferase reporter assay system. Target gene sequences were synthesized and cloned into a dual‐luciferase vector. To better understand the function of the target genes, we combined the previous sequencing results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. We found that novel miR‐434 regulated HSPA4L expression by binding to a putative binding site in the 3′‐UTR of HSPA4L, and luciferase activity inhibition was observed. In contrast, novel miR‐242 was not involved in regulating CRT expression. To conclude, we believe our results should serve as a foundation for future studies aiming to comprehensively understand the mechanisms used by rainbow trout to cope with heat stress.
Protein profiling in the habenula after chronic (–)‐menthol exposure in mice
Authors: Mulcahy Matthew J. , Huard Stephanie M. , Paulo Joao A. , Wang Jonathan H. , McKinney Sheri , Marks Michael J. , Henderson Brandon J. , Lester Henry A.
Published: August 2021

The identification of proteins that are altered following nicotine/tobacco exposure can facilitate and positively impact the investigation of related diseases. In this report, we investigated the effects of chronic (–)‐menthol exposure in 14 murine brain regions for changes in total β2 subunit protein levels and changes in epibatidine binding levels using immunoblotting and radioligand binding assays. We identified the habenula as a region of interest due to the region's marked decreases in β2 subunit and nAChR levels in response to chronic (–)‐menthol alone. Thus, we further examined the habenula, a brain region associated with both the reward and withdrawal components of addiction, for additional protein level alterations using mass spectrometry. A total of 552 proteins with altered levels were identified after chronic (–)‐menthol exposure. Enriched in the proteins with altered levels after (–)‐menthol exposure were proteins associated with signaling, immune systems, RNA regulation, and protein transport. The continuation and expansion of the brain region‐specific protein profiling in response to (–)‐menthol will provide a better understanding of how this common flavorant in tobacco and e‐liquid products may affect addiction and general health.

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Barriers and facilitators to interprofessional collaborative practice for community‐dwelling older adults: An integrative review
Authors: Montano Anna‐Rae , Cornell Portia Y. , Gravenstein Stefan
Published: August 2021

Aims and Objectives

The aim of this integrative review was to synthesise empirical reports of interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) for community‐dwelling older adults and uncover barriers and facilitators related to its success as a model of care for this population.

Background

IPCP is a model of care that has demonstrated positive outcomes for community‐dwelling older adults. However, a summary of barriers and facilitators to IPCP models has not been presented.

Methods

An integrative review using the method posited by Whittemore and Knafl was completed to identify barriers and facilitators to IPCP for community‐dwelling older adults. The literature search was reported following PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Four themes emerged as barriers to IPCP: (1)A (Potential) Logistical Nightmare, (2)All About the Money, (3)If We Can't Test It,Can We Recommend It?and (4)Challenging for the Team,Challenging for the Client. Three themes emerged as facilitators to IPCP: (1)Reducing Resource Waste, (2)The “C” in IPCPand (3)What Matters Most.

Conclusions

IPCP models for community‐dwelling older adults must adapt to the setting of care and client needs. Interprofessional education opportunities for team members facilitate effective IPCP. Healthcare policies and funding structures need to address IPCP for community‐dwelling older adults for this model to be successful and sustainable.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Nurses participate on and lead IPCP teams caring for community‐dwelling older adults and, therefore, need to be aware of barriers and facilitators to this model of care.
Post‐Acquisition Retention of Target Founder‐CEOs: Looking Beneath the Surface
Authors: Aghasi Keivan , Colombo Massimo G. , Rossi‐Lamastra Cristina
Published: August 2021

This study investigates the retention of target CEOs in the aftermath of acquisitions by comparing target founder and professional CEOs. Considering insights from resource‐based view, managerial rent perspective, studies on acquisition implementation, and the literature on founder‐CEOs, we argue that target founder‐CEOs are resourceful assets for acquirers for implementation purposes; ergo, they are more likely to be retained than target professional CEOs. Target founder‐CEOs, owing to their unique firm‐specific human capital, have greater acquisition implementation abilities than target professional CEOs. They also have greater monetary incentives to deploy their implementation abilities to the benefit of acquirers. Furthermore, we claim that these effects are stronger, thus contributing to a higher retention rate of target founder‐CEOs than their professional peers when acquisitions are technology‐driven, and target firms are young. Results from a sample of small high‐tech firms acquired by large incumbent firms confirm our predictions.
WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE AUTHORITY IN RELIGIOUS ETHICS
Authors: Kamitsuka Margaret D.
Published: August 2021

This special issue addresses reproductive ethics in ways that critically engage and challenge the modes of gestating, birthing, and family‐making that have been passed down in the texts and practices of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Seven scholars trained in biblical studies, theology, ethics, and philosophy bring feminist, womanist, and queer critical perspectives to bear on a range of religious discourses and practices having to do with reproductive realities. Each essay offers constructive ethical proposals that support women’s moral agency, increase women’s voice in institutional religion’s ethical decision‐making, and strengthen women’s well‐being, whether pursuing motherhood or living childfree. These essays emphasize the need for ethics to keep pace with new modes of defining family, the corporeality of pregnancy, personhood in the womb, and other reproductive issues.
DISMANTLING THE PHALLIC ECONOMY WITH A HERMENEUTICS OF REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE
Authors: Scholz Susanne
Published: August 2021

A reproductive justice reading of Numbers 5:11–31 centers on “the human right to maintain personal bodily autonomy, have children, not have children, and parent the children we have in safe and sustainable communities,” as the SisterSong Women of Color Reproductive Justice Collective stated so lucidly twenty years ago. Accordingly, a reproductive justice interpretation stresses the ethical imperative of reading Numbers 5:11–31 within the context of the reproductive justice movement. The interpretation centers on the most marginalized character—the woman—by recasting the woman’s experience as sexual violence and not as adultery; it addresses the intersecting oppression as it is represented by the husband whose ally is the priest; it analyzes the depicted power system in Numbers 5:11–31; and it reimagines the dusty water drink as an herbal abortifacient.
“MAKING MYSELF”
Authors: Moultrie Monique
Published: August 2021

In this article, I utilize Black queer feminist ethicist Thelathia “Nikki” Young’s concept of subversive and generative moral imagination and queer relationality to explore the concept of family for Black Christian women who are childfree by choice positing that these women have a nuanced understanding of legacy, nurturing, and family that is greatly influenced by Christian (and particularly Black Protestant) norms. First, I present the scholarship on childlessness, providing keen attention to how this literature is racialized and gendered in a heteronormative manner. In the second section, themes are explored from the focus group interviews conducted with nine Black Christian childfree women. Finally, the essay ends by providing constructive ethical practices for Black religious communities and the sub‐discipline of reproductive ethics. This exploratory research begins the work of investigating how Black women make themselves over as participants in new familial structures that are not contingent upon reproduction and biology.
SPOOKINESS, SEA SPONGES, STARDUST, AND THE SACRED
Authors: Stone Porter Andrew
Published: August 2021

Developments in twentieth‐century science upended the classical Newtonian paradigm that posited a mechanistic universe of atomized entities, regular forces, and natural laws. Trajectories in quantum, biological and cosmic sciences began to indicate instead a paradigm of entanglement and relativity. Religious ethicists and theologians, especially feminists, have interpreted the new model by adopting “interdependence” as a relational‐ontological symbol. What are the implications of this move for religious ethics? I consider a selection of representative works that ascribe normative value to quanto‐bio‐cosmic ontological interdependence. The contemporary scientific paradigm affirms feminist and liberationist relational ontologies, but the attempt to synthesize an “ethico‐onto‐epistemology” from natural processes inevitably runs up against the fact/value distinction as well as ethical ambiguities intrinsic to natural interdependence. These issues must be addressed if interdependence is to survive as a theological ethical symbol.