bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les réunions Narcotiques Anonymes pendant le confinement : plus de deux mois d’entraide et de réunions virtuelles
Authors: Membres de Narcotiques Anonymes Caroline et Patrick
Published: December 2020

Cet article décrit la manière dont les groupes de Narcotiques Anonymes France se sont organisés, pendant les deux mois du confinement, pour continuer à fonctionner et faire en sorte que les dépendants puissent, malgré l’isolement, rester en lien. Dans cette période totalement inédite, l’organisation de réunions virtuelles a non seulement permis à ceux qui connaissaient la fraternité de continuer à se rétablir mais aussi à des nouveaux de rejoindre le mouvement. Finalement, la manière dont Narcotiques Anonymes a réussi à s’organiser pendant ces deux mois « hors du temps », s’est avérée efficace et riche d’enseignements.
Inégalités, temporalité et addiction pendant le confinement
Authors: Blaise Mario
Published: December 2020

Cet article relate l’organisation des soins à l’hôpital Marmottan, spécialisé dans la prise en charge des conduites addictives à Paris, lors du confinement lié à la pandémie de Covid-19. Il décrit notamment la façon dont cette période est venue bousculer la perception de la temporalité et aborde la question du lien. Par ailleurs, les inégalités de ressources des patients ont été particulièrement mises en évidence. Le déconfinement n’a finalement pas été plus simple, soulevant d’autres types de problèmes.
Programme de formation en humanités pour un écosystème d’innovation sociale au XXI e siècle
Authors: Kim Sung-do , Lardellier Pascal , Kim Sung Tai , Ishida Hidetaka
Published: December 2020

Le but de cet article est de montrer qu’un programme créatif d’enseignement et de formation en sciences humaines et sociales (ce que l’on a longtemps appelé les humanités, jusqu’à l’apparition des humanités digitales) nourri par des recherches innovantes et de haut niveau peut contribuer de façon significative à mettre en œuvre une dynamique d’innovation sociale concernant l’ensemble de la société, de l’université jusque dans la sphère entrepreneuriale en passant par les institutions publiques et privées.
Quand la direction décide d’un changement institutionnel : entre mythe fondateur, crise et examens de passage
Authors: Hanot Michel
Published: December 2020

Quand la direction décide d’un changement institutionnel : entre mythe fondateur, crise et examens de passage – En 2003, je suis devenu le directeur d’une petite institution ayant deux ans d’ancienneté dans le secteur du handicap. La vie institutionnelle est faite de continuité et de changement. L’arrivée d’un nouveau directeur crée à la fois de l’incertitude et de l’espoir pour le personnel. Si, de surcroît, il est le dernier arrivé, il se retrouve dans la position paradoxale de devoir proposer une direction, un cap tout en ayant le moins d’informations et d’expérience concernant l’histoire institutionnelle, avec ses règles, ses croyances, son mythe fondateur. Arrive le moment où des changements sont nécessaires. Ceux-ci émergent à partir d’une ou plusieurs insatisfactions, parfois aussi à partir de nouveaux besoins. En tant que directeur, j’ai souhaité modifier l’offre de service à l’intention des bénéficiaires et procéder à une description de fonction du personnel. S’en est suivie une crise importante au sein de l’équipe car ces changements venaient modifier le mythe fondateur de l’institution, basé sur une indifférenciation des fonctions. J’ai été alors confronté à toute une série d’épreuves qui constituent de véritables examens de passage. Au terme de cette crise, un nouvel équilibre a émergé, apportant beaucoup de sérénité et de confort à l’ensemble de l’équipe ainsi qu’aux jeunes en situation de handicap.
Burnout and Suicide Among Physicians During Times of Stress
Authors: Moukaddam Nidal , Parks Kimberly , Le Hai , Khawaja Lubna , Shah Asim A.
Published: December 2020

Burnout is a significant problem for health care professionals. Burnout, which consists of exhaustion, detachment/cynicism, and reduced sense of personal efficacy, can render the practice of medicine untenable and lead to job turnover, medical errors, and instability in the medical system. Moreover, burnout can develop into depression and lead to suicide. The burnout rate for practicing physicians in the United States was already high before the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, and the pandemic has exacerbated the factors underlying burnout by increasing isolation, workload, and uncertainty, as well as a potential clash of organizational decisions with personal safety. Achieving effective strategies to combat burnout and protecting physicians and health care workers from depression and suicide should be a priority for all systems. Early detection and referral to treatment as well as de-stigmatization of treatment are crucial. Additionally, expanding the conversation about the role of structural and organizational changes in promoting wellness is essential, as effective and consistent leadership can help tremendously when combined with individual efforts toward work-life balance.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(12):536–541.]
The Increase in Suicide During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Le Hai , Khan Burhan Ahmed , Murtaza Syed , Shah Asim A.
Published: December 2020

The unfolding of the current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the worst global public health crisis in recent history, has caused unprecedented medical, social, and economic upheaval across the globe, and inflicted profound psychological pain on many people. The rapid spread of this highly contagious disease resulted in a host of mental health consequences: feelings of uncertainty, sleep disturbances, anxiety, distress, and depression. The wide adoption of restrictive measures, although helpful in controlling the spread of the virus, inevitably resulted in psychological and financial costs that may have long-term psychological sequelae. Previous epidemiological studies of similar outbreaks supported evidence of mental toll and increased suicide risks that should be monitored, and adequate resources should be made available to address the mental health challenges and related long-term ramifications. This work comprehensively reviews the current literature about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide risk factors and the related vulnerable populations.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(12):526–530.]
The Percent Volume Altered in Correction of Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism With PRK, LASIK, and SMILE
Authors: Gatinel Damien , Weyhausen Andreas , Bischoff Mark
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE:

To determine the volumes altered during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism.

METHODS:

The volumes of stromal tissue affected by surgical correction of pure and astigmatic myopia were calculated in this theoretical study for PRK, LASIK, and SMILE treatments. These results were then used to calculate representative values for percent volume altered (PVA) restricted to stromal corneal tissue.

RESULTS:

For the same spherical equivalent, there were remarkable differences between the amount of tissue removed between pure and compound myopic corrections. The PVA of LASIK procedures was the largest, whereas the PVA was comparable between PRK and SMILE. PRK had the lowest PVA for low myopic and compound astigmatic corrections and SMILE had the lowest PVA for high myopic and compound myopic astigmatism procedures.

CONCLUSIONS:

The comparison of volumes of tissue removed and PVA values of different treatment modalities provided in this study may give clinicians an improved understanding about the potential influence of geometrical parameters of those methods on the biomechanics of the cornea.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(12):844–850.]
Some characterizations of non-null rectifying curves in dual Lorentzian 3-space $\mathbb{D}_{1}^{3}$
Authors: Makki Roa ,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Published: December 2020

This paper gives several properties and characterization of non-null rectifying curves in dual Lorentzian 3-space $\mathbb{D% }_{1}^{3}$. In considering a causal character of a dual curve we give some parameterization of rectifying dual curves, and a dual differential equation of third order is constructed for every non-null dual curve. Then several well-known characterizations of spherical, normal and rectifying dual curves are consequences of this differential equation.
Pour une histoire des peuplements pré- et protohistoriques du Sahel
Authors: Gallay Alain
Published: December 2020

Ce plaidoyer pour une histoire des peuplements pré- et protohistoriques du Sahel comprend cinq étapes dans lesquelles il s’agira : 1) de faire le point des connaissances concernant les langues de la région considérée et d’examiner s’il est possible de caler chronologiquement l’individualisation des différentes familles composant les phylums identifiés ; 2) d’établir certaines corrélations entre l’approche génétique proposée par Petr Triska et ses collègues (2015) et les familles linguistiques retenues et de voir si un calage chronologique est envisageable ; 3) de faire le point des connaissances archéologiques permettant d’étayer les corrélations établies entre données linguistiques et génétiques et de conforter le cadre chronologique proposé ; 4) de reprendre l’histoire des différents phylums dans la perspective des données génétiques ; 5) de proposer une histoire des peuplements tenant compte du découplage possible entre diffusion de l’élevage et mouvements de populations et, pour ces derniers, une certaine corrélation avec des phases de dégradation climatique.
Ériger des pierres pour certains défunts en pays gewada (Éthiopie)
Authors: Cros Jean-Paul , Goujon Anne-Lise , Bekele Metasebia , Corson Sophie , Joussaume Roger
Published: December 2020

Chez les Gewada du sud de l’Éthiopie, le pogolho (chef coutumier) décédé, qui était aussi un hasale (héros), est enterré, au milieu d’un bois d’épineux, dans une tombe en puits. Celle-ci est recouverte d’une plateforme circulaire et signalée par une petite pierre plantée dans le sol. Quelques semaines plus tard a lieu une cérémonie, faite de chants et de danses, qui conduit à dresser une première stèle sur la tombe du défunt, puis une autre sur une aire réservée dans le prolongement de trois autres élevées dans le passé en l’honneur de trois pogolho. C’est à la phase commémorative des funérailles de ce personnage important, ponctuée de différents rituels, que nous avons pu assister. Les observations rapportées dans cet article sont le fait d’archéologues qui avaient là l’opportunité de décrire le contexte et les modalités d’érection de monolithes par l’une des rares populations au monde à poursuivre cette pratique encore de nos jours. Le rôle et l’importance attribués par les Gewada à ces stèles, seules ou alignées, incitent à une grande prudence pour interpréter celles du passé, les menhirs européens en particulier, dont on ignore la raison d’être.
Le miracle athénien au XXe siècle
Authors: Burgel Guy
Published: December 2020

Emblématique et singulière, et si l’Athènes contemporaine était simplement exemplaire. Certes, avec l’Acropole et le Parthénon, le soleil et la mer, la capitale de la Grèce symbolise la ville de toujours et l’attirance irrésistible pour la Méditerranée. Mais cette région urbaine de 4 millions d’habitants est aussi une ville nouvelle : refondée au XIXe siècle en même temps que l’État national, c’est à la mesure du vieux continent une Brasilia européenne. En cela, elle représente tout ce que l’urbanisation actuelle porte : le mythe et le gigantisme, le patrimoine et la modernité, le local et le mondial. C’est le sens de ce nouveau miracle athénien.
Quito inattendu
Authors: De Maximy René , Peyronnie Karin
Published: December 2020

L’idée qu’on se fait généralement de Quito, capitale de l’Équateur se réfère à une ville hispano-américaine de haute montagne, dont le patrimoine urbain est exceptionnel : rien de plus. Or ce patrimoine est aussi le centre d’une métropole actuelle. Sa bourgeoisie l’a délaissé pour les nouveaux quartiers qui se sont construits au nord de la ville moderne. Seules, désormais, les petites gens y ont leur demeure. Ils en sont par nécessité les nouveaux conquérants. La lecture et l’analyse de la cité ancienne présentée ici mettent en évidence la force de cette transformation et la manière dont ces nouveaux occupants y vivent et s’en approprient l’usage.

Le Quito hispanique fondé en 1534 n’est vraiment entré dans la modernité qu’au début du XXe siècle. Son ouverture au reste du monde se concrétisa fortement à partir de 1908 avec l’arrivée du chemin de fer. Le Centre Historique actuel, constitué de la ville des années 1900, a changé de résidants, d’usagers et de chalands. Cet ouvrage se propose de le considérer précisément, afin de déterminer s’il s’agit d’un ensemble de quartiers obsolètes, condamnés à échéance prévisible à changer de fonction, voire à être mis entre parenthèses comme une enclave historique définitivement muséifiée ; ou bien s’il constitue un élément significatif de la réalité quiténienne contemporaine. Cette question préoccupe les responsables de la gestion spatiale et sociale de la capitale équatorienne, surtout depuis que cette portion de la ville a été inscrite à l’inventaire du patrimoine mondial, sous l’égide de l’Unesco, en 1978.

Karine Peyronnie et René de Maximy, qui ont longuement séjourné à Quito, ont observé les populations dans leurs travaux et leurs jours, rencontré les gestionnaires, arpenté inlassablement les rues, les ruelles et les places, interrogé des centaines de citadins.
Agriculture roumaine en mutation
Authors: Stan Sabina
Published: December 2020

La construction d’une « économie de marché » constitue le critère essentiel du processus d’élargissement de l’Europe. Mais qu’entend-on au juste par « marché » ? Peut-on le comprendre autrement que comme un schéma idéal qui transforme les pays candidats en élèves plus ou moins appliqués, mais toujours fautifs ? Et quelle est l’importance du « marché » dans les transformations que traversent les pays de l’Europe de l’Est ?

En se fondant sur une enquête de terrain au plus près des pratiques, des représentations et des valeurs des villageois roumains, Sabina Stan montre que la transformation postsocialiste de l’agriculture coopérative ne renoue pas avec son passé « paysan ». Elle s’inscrit dans la continuité des rapports de force qui l’ont structurée durant les dernières décennies du régime socialiste. Au sein de ces rapports de pouvoir, les cadres agricoles occupent une place essentielle, même si l’agriculture coopérative reste soumise aux contraintes du gouvernement, des propriétaires terriens ou de la situation fluctuante de l’agriculture roumaine dans l’économie mondiale.

Attentive aux usages sociaux ou familiaux, aux négociations pour le travail ou aux reconfigurations internes au village qu’entraînent les nouvelles mesures de politique nationale, l’auteur établit la nécessité de comprendre de l’intérieur les processus sociaux qui sous-tendent les marchés économiques plutôt que d’appliquer des catégories générales.
Versailles Through Swedish Eyes in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Rota Stefano Fogelberg
Published: December 2020

The history of Swedish descriptions of Versailles in the eighteenth century is just as rich and varied as that of the cultural and political relations between Sweden and France. This article focuses on three Swedish travellers’ accounts of Versailles : scientist Bengt Ferrner (1724–1802), nobleman Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt (1757–1814) and poet Frans Michael Franzén (1772–1847). While Ferrner’s descriptions from Paris abound in references to visits to the opera and theatre, his reaction to Versailles is one of indifference. The relation between Paris and Versailles is important for the appreciation of the latter also, in the diary of Baron Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, who travelled together with King Gustav III in 1784. Armfelt’s position as a royal favourite gave him access to social and cultural circles that Ferrner was excluded from. Armfelt vividly describes the life of the court and gives a detailed account of the ceremonies that surrounded it. The two cities thus appear either in a conflicting relation, as in Ferrner’s case, or in a mutually reinforcing one, as in Armfelt’s diary. Finally, poet Frans Michael Franzén describes the post-revolutionary state of Versailles at the beginning of 1795. Attracted by revolutionary ideas, Franzén voices his aversion to absolutism in his description of the palace of Versailles, which, now deprived of the court, has lost its centrality. Although it is difficult to determine general trends from the writings of the three travellers, they reflect a growing disapproval of the ceremonies and glorification of French absolute monarchy, as epitomized by Versailles.
‘Nothing in the World is Finer’: Diplomatic Correspondence as a Record of Versailles, 1670–1715
Authors: Griffin Stephen
Published: December 2020

Letters and diplomatic reports have always been at the heart of diplomacy. However, in terms of travel literature, ministerial papers are not necessarily related to the genre. Diplomats normally made themselves the focus of attention in their reports, describing their interactions at court and rarely providing detailed narratives on the cities and palaces that they visited. In official correspondence, they might not comment at length on architecture and the manners of the people whose country they were visiting but in letters to friends and family they may reveal more. English diplomats could remark on festivities, construction and other visiting embassies. This paper traces the presence of Versailles, its court and visitors within the correspondence of ministers representing the kings of England, afterwards Great Britain. It aims to account for and describe the presence of the palace within diplomatic correspondence and hopes to trace both similarities and differences in ministerial perspectives.
Le château de Versailles à travers le regard de jeunes voyageurs, futurs rois de Pologne : Auguste III et Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski
Authors: Orzeł Joanna
Published: December 2020

Versailles – perçu comme un espace physique (château et jardins) et comme un lieu réunissant les personnalités les plus importantes de la politique européenne – était une étape obligatoire du grand tour. Parmi les visiteurs que l’on peut recenser, se trouvent de jeunes hommes qui ont été ultérieurement élus rois polonais, comme Jean III Sobieski, Auguste II, Auguste III, Stanislas Leszczyński et Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski. Dans la majorité des cas, il existe des sources confirmant leur visite à la cour française. Ces relations ont été écrites par eux-mêmes ou par leurs précepteurs, tout au long de leur voyage ou des années plus tard. L’article se concentre sur deux de ces récits, datant du xviiie siècle. Le premier est une relation du voyage de Frédéric-Auguste, futur Auguste III, écrite par son précepteur Jan Kos ; pour le deuxième, en revanche, il s’agit des mémoires du dernier roi de Pologne, Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski, écrits des années après. L’analyse des deux sources se focalise sur la description du château et des jardins de Versailles, ainsi que des personnes rencontrées à la cour. Il est également utile de comparer la narration. Le premier récit se caractérise par une description baroque et détaillée, le rapport étant destiné au père du jeune voyageur, le roi Auguste II le Fort. Le second est quant à lui issu de la réflexion d’un homme plus âgé, qui met l’accent sur les relations humaines et révèle un sens artistique beaucoup plus marqué.
Flagellin-Specific CD4 Cytokine Production in Crohn Disease and Controls Is Limited to a Small Subset of Antigen-Induced CD40L+ T Cells
Authors: Morgan Nadine N , Mannon Peter J
Published: December 2020

Flagellin is an immunodominant Ag in Crohn disease, with many patients showing anti-flagellin Abs. To study the clonality of flagellin-reactive CD4 cells in Crohn patients, we used a common CD154-based enrichment method following short-term Ag exposure to identify Ag-reactive CD4 cells. CD154 expression and cytokine production following Ag exposure compared with negative control responses (no Ag exposure) revealed that only a small fraction of CD154-enriched cells could be defined by Ag-reactive cytokine responses. This was especially true for low-frequency flagellin-reactive CD4 cells compared with polyclonal stimulation or Candida albicans Ag exposure. Moreover, we found that culture conditions used for the assay contributed to background CD40L (CD154) expression in the CD154-enriched CD4 cells. Using a cut-off rule based on flow cytometry results of the negative control CD154-enriched CD4 cells, we could reliably find the fraction of Ag-reactive cells in the CD154-enriched population. Ag-reactive CD4 cytokine production was restricted to CD4 cells with an effector memory phenotype and the highest levels of induced CD154 expression. This has important implications for identifying Ag-specific T cells of interest for single cell cloning, phenotyping, and transcriptomics.
Repurposed Tocilizumab in Patients with Severe COVID-19
Authors: Tian Jianbo , Zhang Ming , Jin Meng , Zhang Fengqin , Chu Qian , Wang Xiaoyang , Chen Can , Yue Huihui , Zhang Li , Du Ronghui , Zhao Dong , Zeng Zhaofu , Zhao Yang , Liu Kui , Wang Mengmei , Hu Ke , Miao Xiaoping , Zhang Huilan
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Tocilizumab, an inhibitor of IL-6, has been widely repurposed as a treatment of severely ill patients without robust evidence supporting its use. In this study, we aimed to systematically describe the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of the cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. In this multicentered retrospective and observational cohort study, 65 patients with COVID-19 receiving tocilizumab and 130 not receiving tocilizumab were propensity score matched at a ratio of 2:1 based on age, sex, and comorbidities from January 20, 2020 to March 18, 2020 in Wuhan, China. After adjusting for confounding, the detected risk for in-hospital death was lower in the tocilizumab group versus nontocilizumab group (hazard ratio = 0.47; 95% confidence interval = 0.25–0.90; p = 0.023). Moreover, use of tocilizumab was associated with a lower risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio = 0.23; 95% confidence interval = 0.11–0.45; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, patients had heightened inflammation and more dysregulated immune cells before treatment, which might aggravate disease progression. After tocilizumab administration, abnormally elevated IL-6, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and activated partial thromboplastin time decreased. Tocilizumab may be of value in prolonging survival in patients with severe COVID-19, which provided a novel strategy for COVID-19–induced cytokine release syndrome. Our findings could inform bedside decisions until data from randomized, controlled clinical trials become available.
Factors associated with the decision to undergo risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy among women at high risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Park Sun-young , Kim Youlim , Kim Sue
Published: December 2020

This systematic review aims to identify factors associated with risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO), including the uptake rate and decision timing, among women at high risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). We found 4,935 relevant studies using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO on July 6, 2020. Two authors screened the articles and extracted data. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of articles was conducted using the Risk of Bias for Nonrandomized Studies tool. Five types of factors were identified (demographic factors, clinical factors, family history of cancer, psychological factors, and objective cancer risk). The specific significant factors were older age, having child(ren), being a BRCA1/2 carrier, mastectomy history, perceived risk for ovarian cancer, and perceived advantages of RRSO, whereas objective cancer risk was not significant. The uptake rate of RRSO was 23.4% to 87.2% (mean, 45.2%) among high-risk women for HBOC. The mean time to decide whether to undergo RRSO after BRCA testing was 4 to 34 months. RRSO decisions are affected by demographic, clinical, and psychological factors, rather than objective cancer risk. Nonetheless, women seeking RRSO should be offered information about objective cancer risk. Even though decision-making for RRSO is a complex and multifaceted process, the psychosocial factors that may influence decisions have not been comprehensively examined, including family attitudes toward RRSO, cultural norms, social values, and health care providers’ attitudes.
Roundtable on Preseason Heat Safety in Secondary School Athletics: Prehospital Care of Patients With Exertional Heat Stroke
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Casa Douglas J. , Adams William M. , Hosokawa Yuri , Cates Jason , Emrich Christina , Fitzpatrick Tony , Hopper Michael , Jardine John F. , LaBotz Michele , Lopez Rebecca M. , O'Connor Francis , Smith M. Seth
Published: December 2020

Objective

First, we will update recommendations for the prehospital management and care of patients with exertional heat stroke (EHS) in the secondary school setting. Second, we provide action items to aid clinicians in developing best-practice documents and policies for EHS. Third, we supply practical strategies clinicians can use to implement best practice for EHS in the secondary school setting.

Data Sources

An interdisciplinary working group of scientists, physicians, and athletic trainers evaluated the current literature regarding the prehospital care of EHS patients in secondary schools and developed this narrative review. When published research was nonexistent, expert opinion and experience guided the development of recommendations for implementing life-saving strategies. The group evaluated and further refined the action-oriented recommendations using the Delphi method.

Conclusions

Exertional heat stroke continues to be a leading cause of sudden death in young athletes and the physically active. This may be partly due to the numerous barriers and misconceptions about the best practice for diagnosing and treating patients with EHS. Exertional heat stroke is survivable if it is recognized early and appropriate measures are taken before patients are transported to hospitals for advanced medical care. Specifically, best practice for EHS evaluation and treatment includes early recognition of athletes with potential EHS, a rectal temperature measurement to confirm EHS, and cold-water immersion before transport to a hospital. With planning, communication, and persistence, clinicians can adopt these best-practice recommendations to aid in the recognition and treatment of patients with EHS in the secondary school setting.
Partial data inverse problems and simultaneous recovery of boundary and coefficients for semilinear elliptic equations
Authors: Lassas Matti , Liimatainen Tony , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Salo Mikko
Published: December 2020

We study various partial data inverse boundary value problems for the semilinear elliptic equation

\Delta u+ a(x,u)=0

in a domain in

\mathbb{R}^n

by using the higher order linearization technique introduced by Lassas–Liimatainen–Lin–Salo and Feizmohammadi–Oksanen. We show that the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map of the above equation determines the Taylor series of

a(x,z)

at

z = 0

under general assumptions on

a(x,z)

. The determination of the Taylor series can be done in parallel with the detection of an unknown cavity inside the domain or an unknown part of the boundary of the domain. The method relies on the solution of the linearized partial data Calderón problem by Ferreira–Kenig–Sjöstrand–Uhlmann, and implies the solution of partial data problems for certain semilinear equations

\Delta u+ a(x,u) = 0

also proved by Krupchyk–Uhlmann.

The results that we prove are in contrast to the analogous inverse problems for the linear Schrödinger equation. There recovering an unknown cavity (or part of the boundary) and the potential simultaneously are longstanding open problems, and the solution to the Calderón problem with partial data is known only in special cases when

n \geq 3

.
Implementing Resident Team Assistant Programs at Academic Medical Centers: Lessons Learned
Authors: Takei Ryosuke , Dalembert George , Ronan Jeanine , Washington Nicole , Tank Stuti , Perry Michael , Mahan John D. , Stewart David A. , Burrows Heather L.
Published: December 2020

Background

Excessive inpatient administrative tasks can lead to adverse consequences for residents and their patients. Furthermore, this burden has been linked to depersonalization, a major component of physician burnout.

Objective

To describe the development, implementation, feasibility, acceptability, and early outcomes of Resident Team Assistant (RTA) programs.

Methods

Three large academic medical centers created RTA programs in which administrative assistants are incorporated into inpatient medical teams. First steps included a needs assessment and driver diagram creation to identify key issues and to solidify goals. Program directors were assigned, and RTAs were hired, trained, and incorporated into inpatient teams at each institution (2003, 2016, 2018). Program leadership and institutional stakeholders met regularly to discuss development and quality assurance. Surveys and direct interviews were performed to evaluate impact and acceptability. Institutional goals in accordance to RTAs tasks were also investigated.

Results

Resident surveys and interviews have shown acceptability with RTAs completing a large percentage of resident administrative tasks while promoting time spent in direct clinical care and job satisfaction. Hospital-specific improvements have included increase in referring physician communication rate and decrease in work hour violations. The programs have maintained high feasibility and sustainability with a relatively low time commitment from leadership and cost for the institutions.

Conclusions

The RTA programs at the 3 institutions have continued to be sustained over time with perceived improvements in administrative task burden and job satisfaction for the residents. They have maintained high acceptability and feasibility in terms of effort and costs for the hospitals.
Sejmowe projekty tworzenia szkół ludowych dla polskiej mniejszości narodowej w Galicji Wschodniej. Przyczynek do historii stosunków polsko-ukraińskich na początku XX wieku
Authors: Moklak Jarosław
Published: December 2020

The Sejm projects for the creation of primary schools for the Polish national minority in Eastern Galicia. A contribution to the history of Polish-Ukrainian relations at the beginning of the 20th century This article presents the projects for the creation of primary schools for the Polish national minority in Eastern Galicia that were introduced in the Sejm by Polish deputies Franciszek Sobolewski and Tadeusz Rutowski. These schools were to be established in the Eastern Galicia province, in villages with a predominance of Ukrainian people. Ukrainian deputies accepted the idea of creating schools for national minorities, but they intended to use the notified projects to create a separate parliamentary commission and open a debate on all matters concerning Polish-Ukrainian relations. Ultimately, a separate commission was not established, and Polish-Ukrainian relations became inflamed.
Lotniska komunikacyjne w Polsce po 1918 roku
Authors: Kaliński Janusz
Published: December 2020

Communication airports in Poland after 1918 The history of communication airports coincides with the century-long existence of the reborn Polish State, because it was only after 1918 that the first airports adapted to passenger traffic were established in the country. Two periods of their development deserve particular attention: the interwar period, in which the communication aviation was born, and the time after 2004, when its rapid expansion was noted. The establishment and development of the communication aviation of the Second Polish Republic was strongly associated with the statist policy aimed at modernizing the state. This is evidenced by the construction of airports in Warsaw, Gdynia, Katowice, Łódź and Vilnius, whose activities have helped to integrate the country after the years of partitions. In People’s Poland, civilian communication was based on a network of military airports, which was supplemented with a new airport in Gdańsk-Rębiechów. Large areas of the north-eastern voivodeships were excluded from air connections and timid attempts to overcome these disproportions only appeared in the Third Republic of Poland in the form of airports in Lublin and Radom. The fourfold increase in the number of passengers served by Polish airports in 2004–2016 was an unquestionable phenomenon influenced by the Open Sky policy.
Poland and Japan ‒ the impact of the Cold War on bilateral relations
Authors: Pałasz-Rutkowska Ewa
Published: December 2020

Bilateral relations between Poland and Japan were generally friendly since the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), throughout the entire interwar era, after the government of Japan recognized independent Poland after WWI (on 6 March 1919), and even during WWII. What was seen as important was a mutual support on the international arena during international conflicts (such as those in Upper Silesia, Manchuria, etc.) and especially military and espionage cooperation. How did the Cold War influence Polish-Japanese relations? Did the relations, which were until that time friendly, play a role in this period – a time of trouble for the entire world? The author tries to answer these questions, relying on selected and important events and issues from the period of the Cold War (until 1989).
Gospodarcze dokonania II Rzeczypospolitej – tradycje i wyzwania
Authors: Morawski Wojciech
Published: December 2020

Economic achievements of Interwar Poland: Traditions and challenges The economic policy of Interwar Poland was shaped by two outstanding personalities –Władysław Grabski and Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski. Grabski represented the tradition of liberal economic policy, macroeconomic balance and openness. Kwiatkowski has become a symbol of economic self-sufficiency, independence from outside world and of statism. Interwar Poland faced four big challenges: unification, macroeconomic stabilisation, capitalisation and modernisation, and it succeeded in all those fields. However, the problem of social and national integrity remained unsolved.
Stan zagrożenia. Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Cichoracki Piotr
Published: December 2020

State of danger: Internal security of the Second Polish Republic The paper deals concisely with issues of the internal security in interwar Poland, especially those related to the political determinants. It contains a discussion of the chronology of the transformations that affected the state of security in the years 1918–1939. In the chronological overview of the changes, several sections can be distinguished: 1) the first months of the formation of the state when the public sentiments were also shaped by the extreme emotions being the effect of the end of the war and by the revolutionary movements in the neighbouring territories; 2) the culmination of the Polish-Bolshevik War in the summer of 1920 when the Soviet Army invaded the territory of Poland under the pretence of social revolution; 3) the relatively peaceful 1920s; 4) the Great Depression (in Poland 1930–1935) with a rapid increase in social unrest; 5) the last four years before the outbreak of WWII, characterised by variable intensity of internal tensions. Of key importance to the internal order was the activity of subversive organisations. The most important ones were the communist movement and the Ukrainian nationalist underground. Both took into account armed fight against the Polish state, either on an ongoing basis or in the future. The state of security was also influenced by legitimate political organisations (socialists, peasants’parties and nationalists) but the threat from them was only of a short-term nature and it was not an immediate effect of the decisions made by leaders of these communities. The state apparatus was forced to struggle against different threats to the internal security. The most severe forms were armed revolts, most of which took place in the early 1920s in the eastern provinces; some of them were provoked by the Soviet secret services. The whole interwar period was full of radical political demonstrations, protests against unemployment, and different forms of peasants’riots. The administration often proved unable to recognise the threats; however, the authorities never allowed the incidents to escalate into a wave of unrest that would jeopardise the national and social order.
Separatyzm, dzielnicowość i unifikacja w II Rzeczypospolitej (1918–1939). Problemy integracji państwa i społeczeństwa po odzyskaniu niepodległości
Authors: Olstowski Przemysław
Published: December 2020

Separatism, regionalism and unification in the Second Republic of Poland (1918–1939): Problems of the state and society’s integration after the regaining of independence The rebuilding of an independent Polish state after the First World War meant, above all, the urgent necessity of unification of three formerly partitioned lands, especially in context of law, economy and administration. This integration process in the Second Republic as a whole, although long and difficult, was successful. Real problems for the state authorities were separatist tendencies and regional antagonisms. The consequences of more than a hundred years of functioning of three partitioned lands within the Prussian (German), Austrian and Russian states resulted in both national and cultural heterogeneity. Interwar Poland was inhabited by a nationally and ethnically diverse population of various faiths. Germans in former Prussian Poland and in Polish part of Upper Silesia had hopes of rejoining the Reich. Ukrainians in south-eastern districts of Poland wanted to win provincial autonomy and –in the future –their own independent state. Moreover, the social and economic consequences of First World War in different regions of Poland, and the reality of the reborn Polish state, created the ground for conflicts, disappointments, and for regional antagonisms, sometimes even evoking separatist moods, especially in the western provinces. The conundrum of national minorities remained unresolved to the end of the Second Polish Republic in 1939. The question of social and national awareness of members of ethnic groups within the Polish society (Kashubians, Silesians, Masurians), like antagonisms between inhabitants of formerly partitioned lands, was a part of the nation-creating process and integration of the country. The gradual unification of different regional populations within the all-Polish social, cultural, political and economic life in the interwar period was cut short by the outbreak of the Second World War.
Wyznania – państwo – naród w II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Stegner Tadeusz
Published: December 2020

Denominations – state – nation in the Second Polish Republic The Second Republic of Poland was a country of multiple religions, where the followers of Roman Catholicism, Greek Catholics, Orthodox, Protestants and Jews lived alongside each other. In the reborn Poland, the constitution of the commonwealth was the framework that determined religious policy. All citizens were guaranteed freedom of religion, as well as the right to public and private religious practices. State authorities tried to apply the principle of equality and balance to the various religious associations in their mutual relations. The authorities did not give in to pressure, mainly from the Roman Catholic side, striving to strengthen its dominant position, and they tried to preserve the religious peace in the country. Moreover, due to the national-religious structure of the Second Republic both the ruling class and the broader circles of Polish society assessed individual religious associations through the prism of the relation of a given religious minority to the Polish state and its national interests. Subsequent governments, starting from 1918, tried to prevent (rather without success) religious organizations from becoming centers of nationalistic activity for Germans, Ukrainians, and Belarusians, which was usually directed against Poland. They also attempted to influence the internal affairs of churches and religious associations of national minorities through legal regulations, and to accelerate their possible Polonization.
Obszary wykluczenia społecznego w II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Rodak Mateusz
Published: December 2020

Areas of social exclusion in the Second Polish Republic Finding the answer to the question of what defines social norms in complex historical communities, such as states, nations and social strata can sometimes help understand the rules that they were governed by. This becomes possible by means of research, the aim of which is to reconstruct the areas of social exclusion specific to the particular epoch, that is, the zones where the so-called “statutory indeterminacy”can be observed. Some of the effects of this phenomenon may include the processes of social exclusion. In the paper submitted here, I make an attempt to indicate and describe typical areas of the Second Polish Republic that were conducive to social deprivation. The criteria that guided my choices included, first and foremost, the actual impact on the nature of the social relations and, secondly, their mass scale. In my research I use two essential terms, namely, social exclusion, understood as the state of “non-participation of an individual/family or group in various areas of social life”and margins of society, described both as “structural margins”, after Zbigniew Galor, and as “social margins”. Among the causes leading to the sense of social exclusion I distinguish, 1) the privileged position the Roman Catholic faith and ethnic Poles as representatives of the dominant nation; 2) the standards of exercising political power, especially those adopted after 1926; 3) the civilizational differences; 4) the gap between the centre and the periphery; 5) disparity in the access to health care and social services, etc. Of key importance to some of these processes were, in my opinion, the economic issues, mainly related to restrictions on access to the labour market resulting in increased unemployment and poverty, as well as homelessness and, in the extreme cases, dysfunctional behaviours. I also emphasise the significant impact of the Great Depression on the phenomena that I describe. At the same time, I make an attempt to counterbalance this description with some positive processes in the Second Republic that favoured social inclusion (e.g. universal education and the military service). In conclusion I advance the thesis that despite the significant progress of modernisation, interwar Poland was a state with an excess of processes that favoured the broadly understood exclusion.
Sztuka i architektura dla II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Szczerski Andrzej
Published: December 2020

Art and architecture for the Second Polish Republic The period of the Second Polish Republic was a time of dynamic processes of unification and modernisation. They were also reflected in art and architecture. This should not come as a surprise given the fact that Polish artists were involved in the struggle for independence on the battlefields, while they also documented Polish military efforts during the World War I. Later on, they held positions in the state administration, especially in the administrative structures responsible for art patronage and education; finally, they were also active in the field of national propaganda. The authorities of the Second Polish Republic appreciated the importance of modern art, especially that the restoration of independence coincided with a debate about the various definitions of the Polish national style. This debate, which involved supporters of vernacular stylisation and those who promoted modernism, found its complex reflection in the Polish General Exhibition in Poznańin 1929. The exhibition confirmed that the leading role in the process of modernisation was assumed by architecture and urban planning.
Unions in Medieval Church Law as the Basis for Description of the Legal Nature of the Polish-Lithuanian Union
Authors: Uruszczak Wacław
Published: December 2020

In church law, the union of churches (unio ecclesiarum) concerned the merger of two and more dioceses under the same bishop. In the Middle Ages, canonists were already pointing to three types of union: 1) aeque principalis; 2) unio per subiectionem, when one of the churches was subject to the other and thus the episcopal dignity remained only in that one, and finally, the third kind, called 3) unio per extinctionem, when two particular churches, usually dioceses, were merged into a single new one. The canonical achievements in the field of union of churches and benefices were collected and summarized, among others, in the treatise De unionibus ecclesiarum atque beneficiorum by Nicolaus Thilen, and in the work of Anaclet Reiffenstuel entitled Ius canonicum universum. The three types of union of churches and benefices presented above, distinguished by their mergers, were adopted into the Code of Canon Law of 1917 (canons 1419 and 1420). The 450th anniversary of the union concluded on July 1, 1569 in Lublin was celebrated in 2019. As a result of this union the Kingdom of Poland, called the Crown, merged with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The canonical models of the union of churches and benefices, developed in medieval canon law, are important for a closer description of the essence of this relationship, starting with the first of them, i.e. the union concluded in 1385 in Krevo. The political relationships established between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania largely corresponded to the three canonical models of the church union indicated above, i.e. unio aeque principalis (1385), unio per subiectionem (1413) and unio per extinctionem seu translationem (1569).
“The Living Dead” in Modern Era Parish Records in Silesia and Moravia
Authors: Wojtucki Daniel
Published: December 2020

Parish records are an interesting source material for researching the issue of beliefs in returning dead. Parish records of deaths rarely relate the funerals of people other than the God-fearing citizens who rested in the parish necropolis or those killed in tragic circumstances, usually as a result of an accident. From the end of the 16th century, the areas of the Silesian-Moravian borderland, or northern Moravia itself, were the scene of fierce struggles against the dead rising from their graves. Later, mainly eighteenth-century publications began to use the term defining these phenomena as magia posthuma. The intensity of beliefs in posthumous magic peaked in late 17th and early 18th centuries. It was widely thought at the time that a deceased person whose body does not show normal, post-mortem changes (rigidity) was a witch or a sorcerer. In Silesia and Moravia effective forms of dealing with harmful deceased people were developed in the period of 16th-18th centuries. Based on the analysis of existing source material, we know that the most frequent course of action was to find the grave of the “undead”in the cemetery, exhume the corpse and destroy it. All these measures against corpses who rose from their graves had to leave a trace in the parish books. In the discussed area, the oldest entries from records of death concerning the beliefs in dead who returned to plague the living can be found in the volume for the Silesian city of Strzegom (German: Striegau) covering the years 1589–1715. Some interesting research material is also provided by entries made in the records of death in the small town of Ryžoviště(German: Braunseifen) for the years 1583–1640 and 1640–1717. One of the last entries in the death records was made on 1 March 1755, when the Empress Maria Theresa issued a decree forbidding the persecution of people accused of witchcraft, treasure hunts with the aid of magic and also the exhumation or burning of the bodies of people accused of posthumous magic.