bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deriving Biot-Gassmann relationship by inclusion-based method
Authors: Song Yongjia , Hu Hengshan , Rudnicki John W.
Published: September 2016

The quasi-static theory of poroelasticity presented by Biot and Gassmann provides a relationship between the drained and undrained elastic constants of an isotropic fluid-saturated porous material in terms of the porosity of the material, bulk modulus of the solid grains, and bulk modulus of the pore fluid. We have developed an alternative approach to derive the Biot-Gassmann (BG) relationship while including the effects of the pore microstructure. First, the Eshelby transformation is used to express the local inclusion/pore strain tensor in terms of the applied strain tensor and reference material elastic properties by the superposition of a void strain and a perturbation term due to induced inclusion stress. Second, the inclusion strain expression and Hill’s average principles are combined with the Mori-Tanaka/Kuster-Toksöz scheme to obtain inclusion-stress-dependent effective elastic moduli of porous materials. For an isolated pore system, the effective modulus tensor corresponds to the original Mori-Tanaka/Kuster-Toksöz’s expression. Although for communicating pore system, it is proven to satisfy the BG relation. In the second case, the deformation is assumed to occur so slowly that the infiltrating fluid mass has sufficient time to diffuse between material elements and, consequently, the pore fluid pressure is equilibrated within the whole pore system. It is noteworthy that we arrive at a BG relationship without applying reciprocity theorem and that the porous material effective strain is defined from Hill’s principles instead of solid phase average strain. A potential application of the stress-independent effective modulus is to help develop a dynamical modulus model of rock physics for a specific pore microstructure.
3D-printed rock models: Elastic properties and the effects of penny-shaped inclusions with fluid substitution
Authors: Huang Long , Stewart Robert R. , Dyaur Nikolay , Baez-Franceschi Jose
Published: September 2016

3D printing techniques (additive manufacturing) using different materials and structures provide opportunities to understand porous or fractured materials and fluid effects on their elastic properties. We used a 3D printer (Stratasys Dimension SST 768) to print one “solid” cube model and another with penny-shaped inclusions. The 3D printing process builds materials, layer by layer, producing a slight “bedding” plane, somewhat similar to a sedimentary process. We used ultrasonic transducers (500 kHz) to measure the P- and S-wave velocities. The input printing material was thermoplastic with a density of [Formula: see text], P-wave velocity of [Formula: see text], and S-wave velocity of [Formula: see text]. The solid cube had a porosity of approximately 6% and a density of [Formula: see text]. Its P-wave velocity was [Formula: see text] in the bedding direction and [Formula: see text] normal to bedding. We observed S-wave splitting with fast and slow velocities of 879 and [Formula: see text], respectively. Quality factors for P- and S-waves were estimated using the spectral-ratio method with [Formula: see text] ranging from 15 to 17 and [Formula: see text] from 24 to 27. By introducing penny-shaped inclusions along the bedding direction in a 3D printed cube, we created a more porous volume with density of [Formula: see text] and porosity of 24%. The inclusions significantly decreased the P-wave velocity to 1706 and [Formula: see text] parallel and normal to the bedding plane. The fast and slow S-wave velocities also decreased to 812 and [Formula: see text]. A fluid substitution experiment, performed with water, increased (20%–46%) P-wave velocities and decreased (9%–10%) S-wave velocities. Theoretical predictions using Schoenberg’s linear-slip theory and Hudson’s penny-shaped theory were calculated, and we found that both theories matched the measurements closely (within 5%). The 3D printed material has interesting and definable properties and is an exciting new material for understanding wave propagation, rock properties, and fluid effects.
Electrical resistivity and chemical properties of kerogen isolated from organic-rich mudrocks
Authors: Yang Anqi , Firdaus Gama , Heidari Zoya
Published: September 2016

Low electrical resistivity measurements in organic-rich mudrocks are commonplace in highly mature zones. These low resistivity values are usually difficult to justify and lead to overestimation of water saturation when using conventional resistivity-porosity-saturation models (e.g., dual water and Waxman-Smits). Previous publications suggest that the electrical conductivity of kerogen increases when it thermally matures. This increase in thermal maturity of kerogen might contribute to low resistivity measurements in organic-rich mudrocks. However, electrical properties of kerogen within these rocks have not yet been quantified experimentally. We have introduced a technique to quantify electrical resistivity of kerogen through combined experimental and numerical approaches and quantified electrical resistivity of kerogen samples from the Haynesville and Eagle Ford Formations. We first isolated kerogen from mudrock samples using physical and chemical treatments. The isolated kerogen powder was then compressed into a homogeneous disk. Then, we synthetically matured mudrock and kerogen samples to controlled maturity levels and measured the electrical resistivity and geochemical properties of each sample. The true electrical resistivity of kerogen was then estimated by minimizing the difference between the numerically simulated and measured electrical resistivity of the molded kerogen samples. We have observed a significant decrease in the electrical resistivity of kerogen isolated from the Haynesville (i.e., up to four orders of magnitude) and Eagle Ford (i.e., up to nine orders of magnitude) Formations upon heat treatment from 300°C to 800°C. The decrease in resistivity can be reasoned by the chemical transformations of organic matter through thermal maturation. The results of solid-state [Formula: see text] nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy imaging confirmed increase in graphitization and aromaticity in the kerogen samples as thermal maturity increases. Our outcomes can potentially improve interpretation of electrical resistivity logs in organic-rich mudrocks, such as enhancing well-log-based assessment of in situ hydrocarbon saturation.
Some Questions Quality to Information of the Accounting and Reporting
Authors: Поленова  , Polenova S.
Published: September 2016

Th e article considers the concept of quality as a modern category, which is inherent in the objects of nature and society and has a specifi c interpretation in various fi elds of human activity. Th e author focuses on the issues of the quality of information generated in the accounting and fi nancial (accounting) statements.
Theoretical Analysis of the Concept of «Goodwill»
Authors: Миславская  , Mislavskaya N.
Published: September 2016

Th e article analyzes the cause of ambiguity in understanding the concept of «goodwill» from the perspective of

traditional logic, and the necessity of ignoring ambiguous information about the business reputation of the organization

in the accounting system.
Television Advertising and Online Word-of-Mouth: An Empirical Investigation of Social TV Activity
Authors: Fossen Beth L. , Schweidel David A.
Published: September 2016

In this research, we investigate the relationship between television advertising and online word-of-mouth (WOM) by examining the joint consumption of television programming and production of social media by television viewers, termed social TV. We explore how television advertising impacts the volume of online WOM about advertised brands and about the programs in which the advertisements air. We also examine what encourages or discourages viewers to engage in this particular social TV activity. Using data containing television advertising instances and the volume of minute-by-minute social media mentions, our analyses reveal that television advertising impacts the volume of online WOM for both the brand advertised and the program in which the advertisement airs. We additionally find that the programs that receive the most online WOM are not necessarily the best programs for advertisers interested in online engagement for their brands. Finally, our results highlight the brand, advertisement, and program characteristics that can encourage or discourage social TV activity. We discuss the implications of our findings for media planning strategies and advertisement design strategies.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.1002 .
Brexit negotiations: scrap unfair NHS English-language testing rules
Authors: Kane Nicola
Published: September 2016

A look at how policy gets formed at the RCS and other institutions.
Examining patients with their consent
Authors: Wheeler Robert
Published: September 2016

Each month we take a close look at a recent legal case with implications for the surgical profession.
Risk communication for the dental team
Authors: McCarthy Claire , Daly Blánaid , Asimakopoulou Koula
Published: September 2016

Risk communication within dentistry involves giving patients information about potential risks they may encounter as a result of a dental disease, a clinical procedure or a particular behaviour. It is a personalised communication and allows patients the opportunity to make an informed choice about the provision of clinical care or the choice of a particular behaviour. Risk communication should form part of every patient interaction and is a task with which most dental professionals are familiar. Although risk communication is routine practice for dental professionals, evidence from other healthcare settings suggests that clinicians find the process challenging and may not possess the necessary skills and training to be effective. This paper aims to summarise the research findings for risk communication within healthcare and to explain the principles of effective risk communication. By developing a clearer understanding of the complexities of communication and presenting risks to patients, we may reduce misunderstandings and enable more informed decision-making.
Cost Improvement Programme: Is it or isn’t it a utilitarian act?
Authors: Misra Sangeeta , Sandler Professor Jonathan , Waring David , Malik Ovais
Published: September 2016

The King’s Fund published a report called Efficiency in the NHS: A Study of Cost Improvement Programmes in 1989. 1 It was based on cost improvement programmes (CIP) of three district health authorities and questions were raised about how CIPs could be used, valued and audited within the NHS. This led to a new internal market within the NHS, where prices were negotiated and the successful organisations were likely to be the ones keeping the costs down.2 The NHS spending in England has exceeded more than double that of 2010/2011. 2 The NHS spending as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) has also risen from 5.2 to 8%. 2 It was predicted that increasing population needs and the current model of care 2 would contribute to a funding gap of £30bn between 2013–2021. To tackle this predicted productivity challenge and financial gap, CIPs and income-generating CIPs were launched. 2
An open letter to the next president of the United States of America
Authors: Simmons Gerald
Published: September 2016

Our US correspondent calls for a healthcare revolution ahead of the country’s general election.
Differential Lectin Binding Patterns Identify Distinct Heart Regions in Giant Danio (Devario aequipinnatus) and Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Hearts
Authors: Manalo Trina , May Adam , Quinn Joshua , Lafontant Dominique S. , Shifatu Olubusola , He Wei , Gonzalez-Rosa Juan M. , Burns Geoffrey C. , Burns Caroline E. , Burns Alan R. , Lafontant Pascal J.
Published: September 2016

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins commonly used as biochemical and histochemical tools to study glycoconjugate (glycoproteins, glycolipids) expression patterns in cells, tissues, including mammalian hearts. However, lectins have received little attention in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) and giant danio ( Devario aequipinnatus) heart studies. Here, we sought to determine the binding patterns of six commonly used lectins—wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin, Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin (BS lectin), concanavalin A (Con A), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA I), and Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin (tomato lectin)—in these hearts. Con A showed broad staining in the myocardium. WGA stained cardiac myocyte borders, with binding markedly stronger in the compact heart and bulbus. BS lectin, which stained giant danio coronaries, was used to measure vascular reconstruction during regeneration. However, BS lectin reacted poorly in zebrafish. RCA I stained the compact heart of both fish. Tomato lectin stained the giant danio, and while low reactivity was seen in the zebrafish ventricle, staining was observed in their transitional cardiac myocytes. In addition, we observed unique staining patterns in the developing zebrafish heart. Lectins’ ability to reveal differential glycoconjugate expression in giant danio and zebrafish hearts suggests they can serve as simple but important tools in studies of developing, adult, and regenerating fish hearts.
Sialidase Unmasks Mucin Domain Epitopes of Lubricin
Authors: Solka Kathryn A. , Miller Ira J. , Schmid Thomas M.
Published: September 2016

Lubricin is a secreted, mucin-like glycoprotein and proteoglycan abundant in synovial fluid that provides boundary lubrication and prevents cell adhesion in synovial joints. The antilubricin S6.79 monoclonal antibody recognizes an O-linked glycopeptide epitope in lubricin’s mucin domain. The central, long mucin domain of lubricin is extensively O-glycosylated with Gal(β1-3)GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr, and about two thirds of the O-glycosylated sites are capped with sialic acid. Our aim was to determine whether removal of sialic acid by sialidase could improve the detection of lubricin in a number of human tissues using the S6.79 monoclonal antibody. Sialidase treatment caused a dramatic increase in antibody reactivity in human pericardium, splenic capsule and trabeculae, plasma, serum, eye sleep extract, and liver sinusoids. Sialidase had minimal effect on S6.79 antibody reactivity with lubricin in synovial fluid and synovial tissue. These observations suggest that the origin of lubricin in blood may be different from that in synovial fluid and that desialylation of lubricin is essential for unmasking epitopes within the mucin domain.
Die Poetik des Bauens
Authors: Köppler Jörn
Published: September 2016

Man könnte es als poetischen Architekturgedanken bezeichnen, das fragile Sinnverhältnis des Menschen zur Wirklichkeit so zum Ausdruck zu bringen, dass dessen Werke - mit Adorno gesprochen - den »stummen Hinweis auf das, was schön sei«, suchten. Einem poetisch gedachten Bauen stehen dabei Begriffe nahe wie jene des Zuhörens oder der In-Werk-Setzung. Jörn Köppler stellt vor dem Hintergrund der philosophischen Entwicklung des poetischen Denkens dar, wie sich in individuellen Werken die Konzeption eines poetisch aufgefassten Bauens entfaltete und welche Perspektiven sich daraus für die Architektur der Gegenwart ableiten ließen.
Undeutsch
Authors: El-Tayeb Fatima
Published: September 2016

Nach Jahrzehnten scheinbarer Stabilität stolpert Europa in jüngster Zeit von Krise zu Krise. Hier zeigen sich die Folgen einer einseitigen Geschichtsaufarbeitung, die nach dem Mauerfall postfaschistische und postsozialistische Narrative zu einer westlich-kapitalistischen Erfolgsgeschichte verband, während die koloniale Vergangenheit unbeachtet blieb. Fatima El-Tayeb zeigt die Auswirkungen dieses Prozesses anhand des Beispiels deutscher Identität: Immer wieder werden rassifizierte Gruppen - insbesondere Schwarze, Roma und Muslime - als »undeutsch« produziert, als Gruppen, die nicht nur nicht zur nationalen Gemeinschaft gehören, sondern diese durch ihre Anwesenheit gefährden. Ein postmigrantisches Deutschland braucht daher nicht nur neue Zukunftsvisionen, sondern auch neue Vergangenheitsnarrative.
Migration in den Medien
Authors: Kreutzer Elena Enda
Published: September 2016

Was kennzeichnet den medialen Migrationsdiskurs in einem subnationalen Kooperationsraum? Elena Enda Kreutzer nimmt diese Frage zum Anlass, die europäische Grenzregion zwischen dem Saarland, der französischen Region Lothringen und Luxemburg (SaarLorLux) - dem größten subnationalen Kooperationsraum Europas - in den Jahren der sich etablierenden europäischen Migrations- und Asylpolitik 1990 bis 2010 zu untersuchen. Ihr Vergleich der auflagenstärksten Printmedien zeigt: Die Mediendiskurse spiegeln in ihren journalistischen Darstellungsmerkmalen, Themenagenden und beteiligten Akteuren die Unterschiede der sie umgebenden nationalen Systemkontexte wider - und zugleich existiert ein gemeinsamer Grundbestand an grenzüberschreitenden Denkmustern.
IMPACTS OF A TRACKING AND TRACING SYSTEM FOR CONTAINERS IN A PORT-BASED SUPPLY CHAIN
Authors: Muñuzuri Jesús , Onieva Luis , Escudero Alejandro , Cortés Pablo
Published: September 2016

HighlightsWe describe a new development of a tracking/tracing/management information systemThe system is designed for containers in an intermodal corridorThe paper links the impacts of the system with the supply chain requirementsBenefits for the different stakeholders involved are described and discussed PurposeIntermodal transport chains often appear as “black boxes” to the cargo owners and their clients, who lose track of the container until it arrives at the final end of the chain. The paper discusses why a tracking and tracing system should represent an important added value for them. Design/methodology/approachWe describe here the configuration and features of a novel low-cost system to track and trace containers in an intermodal supply chain, provide information to shippers regarding delays and other unexpected events, and assist terminal operations accordingly. We then analyze the positive impacts of such a system over the entire supply chain, identifying the requirements of the main chain actors regarding the availability of information and how the proposed system contributes to the fulfillment of those requirements. FindingsThe visibility of containers throughout the entire supply chain provides multiple benefits for shippers, terminals and transport providers. Research limitations/implicationsThe operational and economic benefits of the system are clear, but the lack of historical data does not allow for a quantitative estimation of those foreseen benefits. Practical implicationsIntermodal terminals might see this type of information systems as an opportunity to generate added value for their customers, including shippers and carriers. In a scenario with high competition levels between terminals, this added value could represent the competitive advantage necessary to guarantee the growth of a terminal without requiring expensive investments and costs. Originality/valueThe paper describes the benefits provided by the system to the main stakeholders of the intermodal supply chain and provides some conclusions with respect to those benefits and to future developments. Keywords: Containers; tracking and tracing; supply chain; logistics; port
PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMS AS SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVES TO MOBILITY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO BIKE-SHARING SYSTEMS
Authors: Sousa-Zomer Thayla Tavares de , Cantú Vinicius Zago , Cauchick Miguel Paulo Augusto
Published: September 2016

Product-Service Systems (PSS) have been discussed as promising business models to redirect the contemporary production and consumption patterns towards sustainability. However, the research on PSS is mostly dictated by theoretical works and more empirical investigations are needed. Additionally, empirical studies that compare PSS solutions situated in different contextual conditions are required. This paper aims at analyzing two use-oriented bike-sharing systems with sustainability potential in order to contribute to PSS empirical body of knowledge. A PSS located in a developed country and another one available in an emerging economy were selected to be investigated. A qualitative analysis was carried out considering the contextual conditions of each solution: PSS elements, sustainable business models components, and sustainability potential, based mainly on secondary data. The results confirmed that these PSS models can provide environmental, economic, and social benefits. The analysis and comparison between the solutions also demonstrated differences in both systems such as integration with other transportation modes and renewable energy usage that may affect customer acceptance and PSS sustainability performance. Customer behavior, acceptance and satisfaction need further study. Understanding the real factors that motivate customers to use a bike-sharing system in different contexts can be useful in efforts to spread its future adoption.
MOTIVES AND BENEFITS OF ISO 9001 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INDIAN SMEs
Authors: Khan Asif , Farooquie Jamal Ahmad
Published: September 2016

The present study aims to investigate the motives and benefits of certification to ISO 9001 among Indian SMEs of manufacturing and service sectors. The main objective of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on SMEs’ motivation to pursue ISO 9001 quality management system (QMS) and the benefits they receive from being certified to ISO 9001. First, several studies about the benefits and motivations of QMS in various countries are reviewed, and then a questionnaire is sent to 800 ISO 9001 certified SMEs, representing both manufacturing and service sectors in India. Only 115 valid responses are processed and analysed. The survey findings indicate that majority of the SMEs meet the purpose and spirit of ISO 9001 for which it was designed and developed to bring the quality practices and culture into the organization and improve the operational and financial results of the organisations. However, the motives and benefits of certification have reported very weak association across SMEs of manufacturing and service sectors. In addition, ISO 9001 certification, widely regarded as a tool that improves the profits and motivates organisations to pursue it has found significant difference across manufacturing and service sectors SMEs.
THE ROLES OF INSTITUTIONS IN FIGHTING AGAINST POVERTY
Authors: Surjono Surjono
Published: September 2016

Decentralization and reformation in Indonesia have entered an uncertainty stage of people’s welfare in the near future. Uncertainty of political stability and fluctuative oil prices also led to uncertainty of other dimensions of development. This paper aims to elaborate the roles of institution in reducing poverty and identify indicators to evaluate the performance of pro-poor development, particularly in Indonesian context. The method was literature reviews and specific case study. Sustainable development indicators were employed to evaluate an appropriate strategies by comparing with best practices in several local governments in Indonesia. This paper promotes steps in reducing poverty and provides indicators of pro-poor governance. The result of analysis shows that development planning at local government should have balanced strategies with focus on indicators to accelerate poverty reduction in the regions.
Model of nonconventional encryption algorithm based on nested Feistel network
Authors: Nyssanbayeva Saule , Kalimoldayev Maksat , Magzom Miras
Published: September 2016

The purpose of research - studying the possibilities of practical application of the encryption algorithm based on nonpositional polynomial notations using nested Feistel network. In this paper, a mathematical model of non-conventional encryption algorithm with recursive Feistel network and the encryption mode is described.
Numerical simulation methodologies for design and development of Diffuser-Augmented Wind Turbines – analysis and comparison
Authors: Lipian Michał , Karczewski Maciej , Molinski Jakub , Jozwik Krzysztof
Published: September 2016

Different numerical computation methods used to develop a methodology for fast, efficient, reliable design and comparison of Diffuser-Augmented Wind Turbine (DAWT) geometries are presented. The demand for such methods is evident, following the multitude of geometrical parameters that influence the flow character through ducted turbines. The results of the Actuator Disk Model (ADM) simulations will be confronted with a simulation method of higher order of accuracy, i.e. the 3D Fully-resolved Rotor Model (FRM) in the rotor design point. Both will be checked for consistency with the experimental results measured in the wind tunnel at the Institute of Turbo-machinery (IMP), Lodz University of Technology (TUL). An attempt to find an efficient method (with a compromise between accuracy and design time) for the flow analysis pertinent to the DAWT is a novel approach presented in this paper.
Invasive computing for timing-predictable stream processing on MPSoCs
Authors: Wildermann Stefan , Bader Michael , Bauer Lars , Damschen Marvin , Gabriel Dirk , Gerndt Michael , Glaß Michael , Henkel Jörg , Paul Johny , Pöppl Alexander , Roloff Sascha , Schwarzer Tobias , Snelting Gregor , Stechele Walter , Teich Jürgen , Weichslgartner Andreas , Zwinkau Andreas
Published: September 2016

Multi-Processor Systems-on-a-Chip (MPSoCs) provide sufficient computing power for many applications in scientific as well
as embedded applications. Unfortunately, when real-time requirements need to be guaranteed, applications suffer from the
interference with other applications, uncertainty of dynamic workload and state of the hardware. Composable
application/architecture design and timing analysis is therefore a must for guaranteeing real-time applications to satisfy
their timing requirements independent from dynamic workload. Here, Invasive Computing is used as the key enabler for
compositional timing analysis on MPSoCs, as it provides the required isolation of resources allocated to each application.
On the basis of this paradigm, this work proposes a hybrid application mapping methodology that combines design-time
analysis of application mappings with run-time management. Design space exploration delivers several resource reservation
configurations with verified real-time guarantees for individual applications. These timing properties can then be
guaranteed at run-time, as long as dynamic resource allocations comply with the offline analyzed resource configurations.

This article describes our methodology and presents programming, optimization, analysis, and hardware techniques for
enforcing timing predictability. A case study illustrates the timing-predictable management of real-time computer vision
applications in dynamic robot system scenarios.
Netzwerke in der Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft. Funktionen und Folgen einer doppelten Begriffsverwendung
Authors: Bommes Michael , Tacke Veronika
Published: September 2016

Der Artikel unterscheidet und entfaltet zwei Verwendungsweisen des Netzwerkkonzepts in Luhmanns Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft. Das erste und extensivere Netzwerkkonzept Luhmanns richtet sich auf einen Aspekt der Operation der Kommunikation und unterstreicht damit ein Merkmal der Selbsterzeugung sozialer Systeme. In dieser Fassung sind nicht soziale Systeme selbst Netzwerke, sondern der operative Modus der Verknüpfung kommunikativer Ereignisse wird als netzwerkartig beschrieben. Jenseits dessen nimmt Luhmann in einer zweiten Fassung die empirische Existenz sozialer Netzwerke an, allerdings nur als regionales Sonderphänomen in der Weltgesellschaft und ohne daraus theoretische Schlussfolgerungen zu ziehen: Ein soziales Netzwerk kann sich nur reproduzieren, wenn es Grenzen zieht, d.h. als Sozialsystem operiert. Der Artikel diskutiert einige Funktionen und Folgen der (Unterscheidung der) beiden Netzwerkbegriffe, die sich wechselseitig nicht aufeinander zurückführen lassen.
Struktur / Ereignis: Eine unterentwickelte, aber vielversprechende Unterscheidung in der Systemtheorie Niklas Luhmanns
Authors: Tang Chih-Chieh
Published: September 2016

Durch eine systematische Untersuchung über die Unterscheidung Struktur/Ereignis in Luhmanns Systemtheorie zielt der Artikel auf eine Konstruktion und eine Ausführung der Luhmann’schen Strukturierungstheorie ab. Die Vorteile dieses postontologischen Konzepts, das auf dem Ereignis als temporalisiertem Letztelement basiert, werden durch einen Vergleich mit der Strukturierungstheorie von Giddens herausgestellt. An Stelle des ontologischen Beobachtungsschemas Sein/Nichtsein geht Luhmann von einer radikal temporalisierten und operativen Perspektive aus und ist deshalb in der Lage, das soziologische Zentralproblem structure / agency überzeugend zu lösen sowie die konventionellen Unterscheidungen wie Subjekt/Objekt und Mikro/Makro zu überwinden.
Soziale und funktionale Differenzierung. Überlegungen zu einer Interaktionstheorie der Weltgesellschaft
Authors: Heintz Bettina
Published: September 2016

Der Aufsatz plädiert dafür, die systemtheoretische Weltgesellschaftstheorie um eine interaktionstheoretische Perspektive zu erweitern. Eine Interaktionstheorie der Weltgesellschaft stößt allerdings auf erhebliche theoretische Probleme, mit denen sich der erste Teil des Aufsatzes befasst. Anschließend wird argumentiert, dass Interaktionen trotz ihrer strukturellen Beschränkungen gerade unter weltgesellschaftlichen Bedingungen eine besondere Funktion zukommt. Der Grund dafür liegt einerseits in dem (noch) geringen Kristallisationsgrad globaler Strukturen und andererseits in der besonderen Eigenart von Interaktionssystemen.
Publika. Zur Globalisierungsdynamik von Funktionssystemen
Authors: Werron Tobias
Published: September 2016

Der Artikel ist ein heuristischer Beitrag zur Weltgesellschaftsforschung. Er vermutet, dass die Schließung der Lücken, die das historische Forschungsprogramm der systemtheoretischen Weltgesellschaftstheorie aufweist, neben der Ausweitung des Phänomeninteresses auch einer Neugewichtung des analytischen Instrumentariums bedarf. Er verfolgt zwei Thesen: 1. Die Erklärung von Globalisierungsdynamiken insbesondere seit dem »Weltverkehr« des mittleren bzw. späten 19. Jahrhunderts setzt zusätzliche Sensibilität für spezifische Dynamiken öffentlicher Kommunikation voraus. 2. Diese Sensibilität lässt sich über eine Vergleichskategorie »Publika« gewinnen, die das Publikum operativ auffasst und in eine Heuristik öffentlicher Vergleichszusammenhänge integriert. Der Beitrag entfaltet diese Thesen, indem er eine zentrale Problemintuition der neo-institutionalistischen World Polity-Forschung zu Effekten »bloßer Beobachtung« aufgreift und in die Heuristik »öffentlicher Vergleichszusammenhänge« überführt. Er schließt mit der Skizze dreier globalisierungstheoretischer Problembereiche, die sich aus dieser Heuristik gewinnen bzw. mit ihrer Hilfe analysieren lassen.
Beziehung als systemtheoretischer Begriff
Authors: Schmidt Johannes F.K.
Published: September 2016

Den Begriff der sozialen Beziehung kann man sozialtheoretisch, aber auch differenzierungstheoretisch verstehen. Hinsichtlich der erstgenannten Lesart - Sozialität als Beziehung zwischen Menschen - findet man bei Luhmann eine polemische Ablehnung, während er die zweite Lesart - Beziehung als eine spezifische soziale Form - in einer theoretisch weitgehend unkontrollierten Art verwendet und eine Abstimmung mit dem Theorem der sozialen Differenzierung (Interaktion, Organisation, Gesellschaft) nicht vorgenommen hat. Es ist aber gerade die Luhmannsche Lesart des Interaktionsbegriffs in der Nachfolge Goffmans, die die Systemtheorie gegenüber Phänomenen wiederholter Interaktion seltsam sprachlos erscheinen lässt. Deshalb wird hier vorgeschlagen, den Beziehungsbegriff als eine Selbstbeschreibung eines spezifischen sozialen Systems in Form der Interdependenz von Interaktionen zu verstehen.
Idee der Welt Zum Verhältnis von Welt und Bild nach Kant
Authors: Khurana Thomas
Published: September 2016

Der Begriff der ›Welt‹ hat, wenn wir darunter das »Ganze aller Erscheinungen« verstehen, nicht den Status eines Begriffs, dem ein Gegenstand der sinnlichen Anschauung korrespondieren könnte. Er fungiert vielmehr als transzendentale Idee. Eine solche Idee, die Kant in der Kritik der reinen Vernunft als notwendig für die Vereinigung unserer Erfahrung bestimmt, lässt sich »niemals im Bilde entwerfen « und bleibt »ein Problem ohne alle Auflösung«. Die Antinomien der reinen Vernunft entspringen für Kant gerade daraus, dass man Ideen dieser Art als Begriffe von gegebenen Gegenständen missdeutet. Dass Welt sich gegen eine derartige Vergegenständlichung sperrt, bedeutet jedoch nicht, dass sie überhaupt nicht im Medium der Anschauung zur Darstellung käme. Der Beitrag geht anhand von Kants Kritik der Urteilskraft der Weise nach, wie die Idee der Welt auf Anschauung und Einbildungskraft bezogen ist und wie Welt im Medium anschaulicher Darstellung zur Artikulation und Reflexion kommt.
Development of the Career Anchors Scale among Occupational Health Nurses in Japan
Authors: Kubo Yoshiko , Hatono Yoko , Kubo Tomohide , Shimamoto Satoko , Nakatani Junko , Burgel Barbara J.
Published: September 2016

Objectives

This study aimed to develop the Career Anchors Scale among Occupational Health Nurses (CASOHN) and evaluate its reliability and validity.

Methods

Scale items were developed through a qualitative inductive analysis of interview data, and items were revised following an examination of content validity by experts and occupational health nurses (OHNs), resulting in a provisional scale of 41 items. A total of 745 OHNs (response rate 45.2%) affiliated with the Japan Society for Occupational Health participated in the self‐administered questionnaire survey.

Results

Two items were deleted based on item‐total correlations. Factor analysis was then conducted on the remaining 39 items to examine construct validity. An exploratory factor analysis with a main factor method and promax rotation resulted in the extraction of six factors. The variance contribution ratios of the six factors were 37.45, 7.01, 5.86, 4.95, 4.16, and 3.19%. The cumulative contribution ratio was 62.62%. The factors were named as follows: Demonstrating expertise and considering position in work (Factor 1); Management skills for effective work (Factor 2); Supporting health improvement in groups and organizations (Factor 3); Providing employee‐focused support (Factor 4); Collaborating with occupational health team members and personnel (Factor 5); and Compatibility of work and private life (Factor 6). The confidence coefficient determined by the split‐half method was 0.85. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.95, whereas those of the six subscales were 0.88, 0.90, 0.91, 0.80, 0.85, and 0.79, respectively.

Conclusions

CASOHN was found to be valid and reliable for measuring career anchors among OHNs in Japan.
Noise and low‐frequency sound levels due to aerial fireworks and prediction of the occupational exposure of pyrotechnicians to noise
Authors: Tanaka Tagayasu , Inaba Ryoichi , Aoyama Atsuhito
Published: September 2016

Objectives

This study investigated the actual situation of noise and low‐frequency sounds in firework events and their impact on pyrotechnicians.

Methods

Data on firework noise and low‐frequency sounds were obtained at a point located approximately 100 m away from the launch site of a firework display held in “A” City in 2013. We obtained the data by continuously measuring and analyzing the equivalent continuous sound level (Leq) and the one‐third octave band of the noise and low‐frequency sounds emanating from the major firework detonations, and predicted sound levels at the original launch site.

Results

Sound levels of 100‐115 dB and low‐frequency sounds of 100‐125 dB were observed at night. The maximum and mean Leq values were 97 and 95 dB, respectively. The launching noise level predicted from the sounds (85 dB) at the noise measurement point was 133 dB. Occupational exposure to noise for pyrotechnicians at the remote operation point (located 20‐30 m away from the launch site) was estimated to be below 100 dB.

Conclusions

Pyrotechnicians are exposed to very loud noise (>100 dB) at the launch point. We believe that it is necessary to implement measures such as fixing earplugs or earmuffs, posting a warning at the workplace, and executing a remote launching operation to prevent hearing loss caused by occupational exposure of pyrotechnicians to noise. It is predicted that both sound levels and low‐frequency sounds would be reduced by approximately 35 dB at the remote operation site.
Cranial osteology of the genus Sclerurus (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
Authors: Guzzi Anderson , Duarte Branco Mário Sérgio , Donatelli Reginaldo José
Published: September 2016

The Furnariidae encompasses 293 species and has been recognized as an example of continental adaptive radiation. They inhabit biomes from deserts to humid forests at all strata and show morphological heterogeneity unparalleled among birds at any taxonomic level. Sclerurus is a uniform genus of cryptic, mainly dark brown furnariids, with short black tails which are found solitary on or near the ground inside humid forest. The aim of the present study was to describe and to compare the cranial osteology of all six Sclerurus species (S. scansor, S. mexicanus, S. guatemalensis, S. caudacutus, S. rufigularis, and S. albigularis) to identify osteological characters that are (1) unique to each species, (2) shared among species, and (3) that are exclusive to the genus when compared to other members of Furnariidae. For this, bone structures and measurements were done following standard methodologies. The results showed that Sclerurus differs from other Furnariidae in the following characteristics: a narrowed caudal portion of the nostril with a more rounded shape allowing upper’s jaw greater mobility, used when foraging on soft substrates; the development of the post-orbital process may be related to digging behavior, as the presence of a short parsphenoid rostrum projection, a reduced cerebellar prominence, and the tapered caudal portion of the nostrils. Among the species, the interorbital width is larger in S. caudacutus and S. rufigularis, than in the remaining species. The development of the post-orbital process may be related to the behavior of digging nests in earthen banks; the narrowing of the caudal portion of the nostril allows for the greater mobility of the superior maxilla, which is used by Sclerurus when foraging in soft substrates on forest grounds.
Shell shape variation of queen conch Strombus gigas (Mesograstropoda: Strombidae) from Southwest Caribbean
Authors: Márquez Edna Judith , Restrepo-Escobar Natalia , Montoya-Herrera Francisco Luis
Published: September 2016

The endangered species Strombus gigas is a marine gastropod of significant economic importance through the Greater Caribbean region. In contrast to phenotypic plasticity, the role of genetics on shell variations in S. gigas has not been addressed so far, despite its importance in evolution, management and conservation of this species. This work used geometric morphometrics to investigate the phenotypic variation of 219 shells of S. gigas from eight sites of the Colombian Southwest Caribbean. Differences in mean size between sexes and among sites were contrasted by analysis of variance. Allometry was tested by multivariate regression and the hypothesis of common slope was contrasted by covariance multivariate analysis. Differences in the shell shape among sites were analyzed by principal component analysis. Sexual size dimorphism was not significant, whereas sexual shape dimorphism was significant and variable across sites. Differences in the shell shape among sites were concordant with genetic differences based on microsatellite data, supporting its genetic background. Besides, differences in the shell shape between populations genetically similar suggest a role of phenotypic plasticity in the morphometric variation of the shell shape. These outcomes evidence the role of genetic background and phenotypic plasticity in the shell shape of S. gigas. Thus, geometric morphometrics of shell shape may constitute a complementary tool to explore the genetic diversity of this species.
Book Review
Authors: Nagy Orsolya , Takács Mária
Published: September 2016

Review of the book “RNA/DNA and Cancer” written by Joseph G. Sinkovics (Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2016, ISBN 978-3-319-22278-3, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-22279-0)
On the neutrality of money in CEE (EU member) states: A panel cointegration analysis
Authors: Škare Marinko , Benazić Manuel , Tomić Daniel
Published: September 2016

The concept of money neutrality is an important pillar of the mainstream economic literature. It implies that autonomous changes in the money supply have no influence on real macroeconomic variables in the long run. The goal of this paper is to test the validity of (long-run) money neutrality proposition in the CEE (EU member) states. The empirical research is based on panel cointegration analysis which utilises annual data on real output and broad (M2) as well as narrow (M1) monetary aggregates over the 1995–2013 period for 11 ex-socialist EU countries. The results suggest that the money neutrality proposition could be rejected in both cases when narrow or broad measure of money supply is applied, meaning that an active monetary policy could and should be used as a stabilisation instrument as well as in stimulating real economic activity.
The intensification of foreign trade in post-socialist countries and their role in global value chains
Authors: Cieślik Ewa , Biegańska Jadwiga , Środa-Murawska Stefania
Published: September 2016

This article presents the transformation of foreign trade in 10 post-socialist countries, current members of the EU. Special focus is given to the more significant role these countries began to play in global value chains (GVCs) as a result of liberalisation processes and integration within the EU. In addition, the article evaluates their place in global vertical specialisation. To locate each country on a global value chain and to compare them with selected countries, more complex methods of measuring the level of participation of European post-socialist countries in GVCs were employed. These methods allow the position of a country downstream or upstream in GVCs to be established. We concluded that (a) post-socialist countries differ in the levels of their participation in GVCs. Countries that have stronger links with Western European countries, especially with Germany, are more integrated; (b) a large share of post-socialist countries’ exports pass through Western European GVCs; (c) most exporters in Central and Eastern Europe are positioned in downstream segments of production rather than upstream markets.
Discouraged or added worker effect: Which one prevails in the Polish labour market?
Authors: Gałecka-Burdziak Ewa , Pater Robert
Published: September 2016

We test whether the discouraged worker or added worker effect prevails in the Polish labour market. The discouraged worker effect implies that the participation rate is procyclical with respect to the GDP and countercyclical with respect to the unemployment rate. The added worker effect yields contrary findings. We analyse the period 1994–2014 with quarterly data. We focus on the working age population, both males and females. We apply a range of methods to obtain robust results, some of which have never been employed to resolve this problem. They include ad hoc filtration, spectral analysis, unobserved component model, time-varying parameter model, and frequency domain regression. The results indicate that the added worker effect prevails in most of the business cycle frequencies. It is significant and varies over time. It is true for both males and females. It is considerably stronger in contractions than in expansions. In low business cycle frequencies, the discouraged worker effect prevails. Although the last case is rare, it proves the heterogeneity of labour force behaviour over the business cycle.
Development and validation of a reversed-phase HPLC method for simultaneous determination of doxazosin mesylate and finasteride
Authors: Krotz Dillon , Mengesha Abebe E.
Published: September 2016

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of doxazosin mesylate (DOX) and finasteride (FIN) in bulk powders and pharmaceutical formulations. The compounds were separated on a Pinnacle II C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d.; particle size, 5 μm) with an isocratic mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. The mobile phase was a mixture of 25 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 %v/v. The pH of the buffer was adjusted to 4.0 ± 0.05 with glacial acetic acid. The detection was performed at 230 nm. The total chromatographic analysis time per sample was 15 min with DOX and FIN eluting at 3.9 and 7.2 min, respectively. The accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, and sensitivity of the method were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The calibration plots were linear (r2 > 0.999) over the concentration range 24.25–291.0 μg mL−1 and 122.5–1470.0 μg mL−1 for DOX and FIN, respectively. The method was used for the simultaneous determination of DOX and FIN in capsules.
Application of ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by rapid resolution LC-ESI/MS to chromone analysis from radix saposhnikoviae
Authors: Han Zhongming , Xu Miaomiao , Wang Yunhe , Yang Limin , Han Mei
Published: September 2016

Ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ILUAE) was successfully applied to the extraction of the four chromones (prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside, and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol) from Saposhnikovia divaricata (Radix Saposhnikoviae) for the first time. A series of l-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ILs differing in anion and cation compositions was evaluated for extraction efficiency, and [C3MIM]Br was selected as the optimal solvent. In addition, ultrasound extraction parameters were optimized, and the chromones were directly quantified and analyzed by rapid resolution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (RRLC-ESI/MS). The optimal conditions were as follows: 0.4 M concentration of [C3MIM]Br, 20:1 solvent to solid ratio, and ultrasonic time, temperature, and frequency of 5 min, 40 °C, and 50 kHz, respectively. This approach obtained the highest extraction yield of 10.188 ± 0.473 mg g−1 for total chromones. Compared with regular UAE, the proposed approach exhibited a higher efficiency (61.56% increase) and shorter extraction time (nine times shorter). Also, ILUAE was an efficient, rapid, and simple sample preparation technique for extraction of chromones, and the established RRLC-DAD method could serve as a rapid and effective technique for extracting chromones from Radix Saposhnikoviae.