bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Working Capital Management und dessen Rolle als Instrument zur Rentabilitäts- und Unternehmenswertsteuerung: Eine empirische Untersuchung über deutsche Blue Chips
Authors: Charifzadeh Michel , Herberger Tim A. , Högerle Bernadette , Ferencz Marlene
Published: December 2021

Despite the phase of low interest rates, working capital management remains a key value driver in companies and an important management tool. Our results for 115 companies listed on the most important German stock indexes for the years 2011 to 2017 show that effective working capital management can have a positive impact on profitability and enterprise value. At the same time, our results also show that less attention has recently been paid to working capital management and that digital innovations are probably not yet being used to the extent that seems possible to increase efficiency. Even against the background of continuously low capital market interest rates, this must be viewed critically.
Evaluating Utility and Automatic Classification of Subject Metadata from Research Data Australia
Authors: Wu Mingfang , Liu Ying-Hsang , Brownlee Rowan , Zhang Xiuzhen
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we present a case study of how well subject metadata (comprising headings from an international classification scheme) has been deployed in a national data catalogue, and how often data seekers use subject metadata when searching for data. Through an analysis of user search behaviour as recorded in search logs, we find evidence that users utilise the subject metadata for data discovery. Since approximately half of the records ingested by the catalogue did not include subject metadata at the time of harvest, we experimented with automatic subject classification approaches in order to enrich these records and to provide additional support for user search and data discovery. Our results show that automatic methods work well for well represented categories of subject metadata, and these categories tend to have features that can distinguish themselves from the other categories. Our findings raise implications for data catalogue providers; they should invest more effort to enhance the quality of data records by providing an adequate description of these records for under-represented subject categories.
Representation and Display of Digital Images of Cultural Heritage: A Semantic Enrichment Approach
Authors: Tan Xu , Luo Xiaoxi , Wang Xiaoguang , Wang Hongyu , Hou Xilong
Published: December 2021

Digital images of cultural heritage (CH) contain rich semantic information. However, today’s semantic representations of CH images fail to fully reveal the content entities and context within these vital surrogates. This paper draws on the fields of image research and digital humanities to propose a systematic methodology and a technical route for semantic enrichment of CH digital images. This new methodology systematically applies a series of procedures including: semantic annotation, entity-based enrichment, establishing internal relations, event-centric enrichment, defining hierarchy relations between properties text annotation, and finally, named entity recognition in order to ultimately provide fine-grained contextual semantic content disclosure. The feasibility and advantages of the proposed semantic enrichment methods for semantic representation are demonstrated via a visual display platform for digital images of CH built to represent the Wutai Mountain Map, a typical Dunhuang mural. This study proves that semantic enrichment offers a promising new model for exposing content at a fine-grained level, and establishing a rich semantic network centered on the content of digital images of CH.
Korean Decimal Classification (KDC): Its History, Development, Characteristics, and Future Prospect
Authors: Oh Dong-Geun
Published: December 2021

The Korean Decimal Classification (KDC) is a national standard classification system of the Korean library community published and maintained by the Classification Committee of the Korean Library Association. This article examines its general history from its advent to the latest edition (KDC 6), its usage, external characteristics including format and layout, internal principles and characteristics including outline and classificatory principles applied, general aspects of the schedule and the major tables, development and maintenance, and general evaluation. It concludes with some ideas and recommendations for future research and development.
Organizational Xenophobia: Effects of Leadership with Moderation of Satisfaction with Life: A field study in the Sample of Dense Migrated Province
Authors: Okun Olcay , Arun Korhan , Kılınç Sebahattin
Published: December 2021

While workplace leadership is widely discussed in the management literature, less is known about the outcomes and influence process of leaders, under which xenophobic behaviours are generating. In other words, even if xenophobia is likely to be generated from economic losses and social factors according to literature, leadership can deliberately produce a “hostile environment” for migrant employees. This paper scrutinizes the effect of paternalistic leadership and its dimensions on xenophobia in the context of business organizations. Besides, the life satisfaction factor has been functionalized as a moderator in this process. Cross-sectional survey data (n=395) were obtained from employees and analysed with a variance-based structural equation modelling (VB-SEM) and multivariate regression technique. Research findings prevail that paternalistic leadership significantly decreases personal or individual fears, on the other hand; it increases political and cultural fears against “others” in organizations. To avoid xenophobia, a special effort should be made to ensure that the relevant styles and broader organizational context are accurately assessed when reducing fear against others.
30 Jahre gesetzliche Regelung der Sozialgenossenschaften in Italien
Authors: Kiesswetter Oscar
Published: December 2021

Die italienische Genossenschaftsbewegung hat seit ihrer Entstehung neben der Mitgliederförderung einen zweiten Förderauftrag entwickelt, der als soziale Aufgabe sogar vom Grundgesetz anerkannt wird. Die ersten Sozialgenossenschaften haben diese gemeinwirtschaftliche Ausrichtung bereits vor fünfzig Jahren in einem rechtsfreien Raum zu ihrem Unternehmenszweck gemacht, um auf soziale Bedürfnisse und Notlagen außerhalb ihrer Mitgliederbasis eingehen zu können. Der Gesetzgeber hat nach jahrelangen parlamentarischen Debatten erst im Jahre 1991 die cooperative sociali als eigenständiges Modell gesetzlich anerkannt und geregelt. Dreißig Jahre später stehen sie vor neuen Herausforderungen.
Retapamulin: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Goudarzi Mehdi , Khoshbayan Amin , Taheri Fateme
Published: December 2021

: Retapamulin is one of the antibiotics recently developed semi-synthetically to inhibit protein synthesis in a specific manner different from other antibiotics. This pleuromutilin derivative shows magnificent anti-bacterial activity in Gram-positive pathogens, especially Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, and now it is available in ointment formulations (1%) for clinical use with negligible side effects. Despite the low potential for resistance development, antimicrobial susceptibility rates are significantly high. This is especially important when the prevalence of mupirocin-resistant strains is increasing, and the need for new alternatives is urgent. Unfortunately, due to its oxidation by cytochrome p450, this drug cannot be used systemically. However, another pleuromutilin derivative with systemic use, lefamulin, was approved in August 2019 by the US Food and Drug Administration. In addition to pharmacokinetic features, financial issues are also barriers to consider in the progress of new antimicrobials. In this review, we attempt to take a brief look at the derivatives usable in humans and explore their structures, action mode, metabolism, possible ways of resistance, resistance rates, and their clinical use to explain and highlight the valuable points of these antibiotics.
Analysis of Association Between the Effects of Methylphenidate and DRD4 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Amiri Shahrokh , Farhang Sara , Shekari Khaniani Mahmoud , Mansouri Derakhshan Sima , Zadfattah Aziz , Mohammadi Bina Zahra , Ghazipour Fatemeh , Sardari Narges , Barzegar Habibeh , Mehdizadeh Fanid Leila
Published: December 2021

Background: Drug treatment is one of the most important treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The DRD4 gene is a transporter and receptor coding gene of dopamine and is one of the most important genes under investigation in the disorder and etiology of ADHD. In this study, the association between rs3758653 C/T and VNTR exon 3 repetition polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene and the effects of methylphenidate were investigated in patients with ADHD disorder consuming methylphenidate. Methods: The descriptive-analytical study was performed on 122 patients (5 - 18 years old) with ADHD who were treated with methylphenidate. DNA was extracted using salting out method. Subsequently, the rs3758653 polymorphism in the 5'UTR region of DRD4 gene was genotyped by PCR-RFLP method, and the VNTR fragment in exon III of DRD4 gene was investigated by electrophoresis gel on acrylamide gel method. After eight weeks from the start of drug treatment with methylphenidate, the intensity of symptoms was evaluated using the Conners scale. Finally, all data from questionnaires and information that were resulted from laboratory findings were analyzed using ANOVA and repeated measure analysis. Results: Of the 122 patients under study, 15 patients (12.3%) were responded to the drug treatment, and 107 patients (87.7%) were not responded. The significant differences were not revealed in genotype, and allele frequencies of between rs3758653 (C/T) and exon III 3'VNTR repeats polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene and responder and non-responder of ADHD groups to the drug treatment. Conclusions: The results showed that the reduction of ADHD symptoms with drug treatment is not related to DRD4 sub-types in patients with ADHD.
Evaluation of Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in Reference Center Hospital in Turkey's Southeast Anatolia Among Patients Referred for Major or Minimally Invasive Surgery: Last Decade Experience in a Previously High Prevalence Area
Authors: Ekin Nazım , Ucmak Feyzullah , Atay Ahmet Engin
Published: December 2021

Background: There is a high worldwide prevalence of chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections, among the significant causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV in a referral center hospital in Southeast Anatolia among patients that applied for major or minimally invasive surgery. Methods: In a tertiary referral state hospital for general purposes, patients undergoing surgical procedures and serologic examinations for HBV and HCV were included in the study between January 2011 and September 2020. Results: In the general population, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs were examined in 220,724 patients, and anti-HCV was examined in 186,017 patients. The mean age was 42.3 ± 20.2 years with a 51.8% male distribution. The frequency of positive HBsAg and anti-HCV in all patients was 9.4 and 0.9%, respectively. On the other hand, the frequency of positive HBsAg and anti-HCV was 4.2 and 0.7%, respectively, among patients admitted for a surgical procedure. The mean age was 46.1 ± 21.1 years with a slightly male predominance (54 vs. 46%). In this group, the frequency of positive HBsAg was higher in males (5.1%) while the lowest was in the 1 - 10 age range (0.4%) and the highest in the 41 - 50 age range (5.7%). Between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of HBsAg positivity decreased from 6.4 to 4.0%, while anti-HCV positivity was similar in both genders, and its frequency increased with age. Conclusions: Between 2011 and 2020, the overall prevalence of HBV and HCV decreased in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey.
Evaluation of Liver Enzyme Levels in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Janbakhsh Alireza , Naghibifar Zahra , Eskandari Sodabeh , Mohseniafshar Zeinab , Shirvani Maria , Zamanian Mohammad Hossein , Miladi Ronak
Published: December 2021

Background: Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease, it seems that liver abnormalities are also prevalent in the patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate liver enzymes in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 111 COVID-19 patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah during September-November 2020. The required data were extracted from the hospital files, and data analysis was performed in the Excel software and SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the patients was 60.87 ± 15.85 years. 50.5% of patients were female. Among the patients, 38.7% had hypertension, 19.8% had diabetes, and 7.2% had cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, 34.2% of the patients had abnormal aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 17.1% had abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and 100% had abnormal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Conclusions: According to the results, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases were the most common comorbidities among the COVID-19 patients. AST, ALT, and LDH are important indicators of hepatic disorders, which were abnormal in these patients as well. Moreover, the patients aged less than 60 years, male patients, and those with renal disorders had a higher mean ALT.
A Case of Guillain-Barré Syndrome as the First Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Saremi Zeinab , Bakhshi Mohammadi Mahdi , Ahmadi Zahra
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with different clinical manifestations. Acute [resembling Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)] or chronic (chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy) inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy has been reported in rare SLE cases. Case Presentation: We reported a 39-year-old woman that presented with acute peripheral neuropathy, and she was eventually diagnosed with SLE. She developed distal numbness and paraesthesia followed by progressive upper and lower extremity weakness and difficulty in swallowing and speaking. She had a history of flu-like illness three weeks before to symptoms. Conclusions: Progressive upper and lower extremity weakness along with areflexia and electrodiagnostic findings suggested the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Over a month, significant neurological recovery occurred, and the patient's function continued to recover.
Les différents types de slogans: entre autonomie et dépendance co(n)textuelle
Authors: Adam Jean-Michel
Published: December 2021

Cet article entreprend une description micro-linguistique et textuelle des diff érents types de slogans anciens (de 1856) et modernes (à 2020). Il rapproche et distingue les slogans de campagnes institutionnelles et les slogans de publicité générale, les slogans publicitaires d’accroche et de marque, et décrit la textualité et l’intertextualité de slogans politiques français et américains, issus du marketing politique.
Ritmo de la copla y ritmo del refrán en el Libro de buen amor
Authors: Bizzarri Hugo O.
Published: December 2021

El Libro de buen amor es una de las obras que más refranes contiene de la literatura medieval. La crítica se ha concentrado especialmente en su identificación, en el estudio de su utilización junto a las sentencias y los exempla y en sus aspectos temáticos. En el presente trabajo afrontamos otra problemática a partir de la consideración de los refranes como formas rítmicas: su inserción en la copla y el conflicto que debe resolver el Arcipreste entre ritmo de la copla y ritmo del refrán para integrarlos a sus versos.
Réflexion sur l’echo, le rythme et la rime dans le cas du proverbe
Authors: Darbord Bernard
Published: December 2021

Fernando Pessoa a réuni en 1914 un recueil de 300 proverbes portugais. Au XVIème siècle, Juan de Valdés avait intégré 146 proverbes diff érents dans son Diálogo de la lengua. Ces deux ensembles, distants l’un de l’autre, partagent pourtant beaucoup, par leur contenu, leur syntaxe et par les formes rythmiques qu’ils cultivent. Nous avons voulu réfl échir sur la mise en valeur des contenus parémiques, par les diff érentes sortes de rimes et par les rythmes qui les accompagnent. Nous étudions le concept de fi gure de répétition dont parlent les traités de rhétorique et qui permet d’envisager les multiples aspects de la notion d’écho. Pour des questions de prosodie, il appartient à l’énonciateur de distinguer la structure phonologique des mots et la structure phonétique de la phrase, en recourant ou non à la réunion de deux voyelles.
La métrica en el refranero español
Authors: Pardo Arcadio
Published: December 2021

Los refranes se expresan en formas métricas. Se explora en este trabajo su diversidad en cuanto a versos, rimas y formas estróficas, así como el parentesco de los refranes con las canciones de tipo tradicional. Los refranes tienen en muchos casos su origen en la sabiduría bíblica e incluso en civilizaciones anteriores. Y se encuentran igualmente en la tradición de civilizaciones ajenas a la tradición occidental.
Contours of Feminist Consciousness in the Musical and Theatrical Life of Vilnius: The Second Half of the Nineteenth Century and the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Bakutytė Vida
Published: December 2021

Feminism is a broad concept, and its definition is a constant subject of debate. The article is limited to the treatment of feminism as one of the aspects in the development of female identity. The chronological boundaries of feminism discussed in this article cover the period from the second half of the nineteenth to the beginning of the twentieth century. This period is traditionally considered the first wave of feminism as an organized movement. Although primarily associated with the fight for the right of women to vote, this movement also extended to women’s other social and professional fields. Both in Lithuania and other countries, the growing modernisation of society gradually rendered the general attitude towards women’s creative work more liberal: the artistic expression of actresses and female musicians became freer. However, the shift in public consciousness and the transformation of values was not fast enough. Traditions of social life and the stereotypes of gender cohesion resulted in diverse public reflections on these changes for a long period of time: women were often subjected to one set of standards on the stage and another set of standards when off the stage. The theatrical and concert life of Vilnius, Lithuania’s major culture hub, witnessed more and more examples (both local and foreign) that reflected the change in female self-expression. On the theatre stage, actresses demonstrated unusually bold means of acting expression (admittedly, this phenomenon was partly due to the epochal changes in theatre art), dared to play male roles. The number of female soloists in concerts was growing: female singers and pianists had to compete with violinists. Although with caution (triggered by the position of the instrument while playing it), female cellists were admitted to the cultural space. It should be noted that the striving of a woman – an actress or a musician –to break or ignore the deep-rooted public stereotypes would often receive a controversial response from the public and the reviewers of cultural events.
Arno Nadel (1878–1943): A Contributor to Modern German-Jewish Identity from Vilnius
Authors: Rupeikaitė Kamilė
Published: December 2021

The phenomenon of Arno Nadel (1878–1943) is presupposed by his extremely diverse activities in art, scholarship, and musical journalism. A music arranger, musicologist, music journalist and collector, composer, choirmaster, pianist and organist, as well as a poet, playwright, painter and translator, Arno Nadel was born in a religious Jewish family in Vilnius and spent his first twelve years there. Having lived and studied in Königsberg for five years, in 1895 Nadel settled in Berlin, one of the largest centres of German Jewish cultural life before the National Socialists came to power in 1933. Nadel was murdered in Auschwitz in 1943. So far, his creative legacy has not been studied in Lithuania. The aim of this article is to bring Nadel back on the horizon of multinational Lithuanian cultural history and to review his contribution to the formation of modern German-Jewish identity in the context of Nadel’s Vilnius origins and his diverse musical activities. Nadel’s original compositions, arrangements of traditional Jewish liturgical music and folk songs, research in and texts about Jewish music contributed to a new approach towards cultural connections between the Jews of Eastern Europe and Germany, and were important for the development of German Jewish music in the first half of the twentieth century, as well as for the documentation and renewal of Jewish liturgical music. Although Arno Nadel composed music in a variety of genres himself, it was his work as a scholar and arranger of Jewish music and as a musicologist that received the most attention among his contemporaries and in the articles written after the Second World War.
From the Correspondence of Musicologist Ona Narbutienė: Letters from Composer Jeronimas Kačinskas
Authors: Markeliūnienė Vytautė
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with studies into the personal archive of the musicologist Ona Narbutienė (1930–2007), including a number of previously unpublished documents. Narbutienė’s musicological heritage, which has been little investigated so far, consists of books, articles, lectures, radio and TV shows, musical evenings, texts for record sleeves and CD inlays as well as the conceptual framework, the programme, and texts for the International Thomas Mann Festival in Nida. Within the context of this heritage, her lessons and lectures stand out for their special role in shaping the views, attitudes, and professional choices of the musicologists of the younger generation. The evidence of all these activities can be found in Narbutienė’s private archive compiled over many years and thus displaying the content of great historical and musicological value. The paper examines Narbutienė’s musicological interests as revealed in her personal correspondence and their relationship to certain professional imperatives. Narrative, interview, historical-analytical, and empirical research methods were employed in this study.
Theatre Criticism in Lithuania in the [Late] Soviet Era: From Ideological to Aesthetic Guidelines
Authors: Vasinauskaitė Rasa
Published: December 2021

The article analyses the institution of Lithuanian theatre criticism in the Soviet period and its connection with the ideological requirements of the time. The resolutions of the Communist Party during the Stalinist and post-Stalinist periods, theatre repertoire, reviews, and the concept of social realism in the theatre are also discussed. The 1946–1948 resolutions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that regulated the development of culture and art, as well as the doctrine of socialist realism influenced both the practice of theatre and its critics. In the 1950s and 1960s, theatre criticism became a tool of ideology and propaganda, to such an extent that it ‘itself created a socialist realist text’. It is also important that during this period, the names of interwar critics disappeared from the press; critics were represented by party functionaries, party-owned directors, actors, and writers. The ‘return’ of criticism is related with the Thaw period and a new generation of both theatre creators and critics. It can be said that the independence and autonomy of criticism started taking shape in the late 1960s, especially with the performances of director Jonas Jurašas. Writing about the Jurašas’s productions, directed between 1967 and 1972, critics came to reflect on the nature of theatre, theatrical creation or creative freedom, and the disguised and false reality. The discourse of criticism not only freed itself from previously obligatory normative criteria and depersonalised style, but also started representing the subjective gaze of the critic, who not only tried to cover the aesthetic/artistic whole of the performance, but also to establish direct contact with both creators and readers, to capture and convey the impact of the performance on the viewers of their time. In summary, despite external (censorship) and internal (self-censorship) circumstances, the discourse of theatrical criticism changed only at the end of the 1960s, and began to approach artistic discourse: the ideological criteria for understanding and evaluating a performance theatrical production were replaced by artistic and aesthetic ones.
Medical-genetic counseling within the system of social factors: problems and search for solutions
Authors: Popova Olga
Published: December 2021

The subject of this research is ethical, socio-psychological, and legal problems arising in the process of medical-genetic counseling. It is demonstrated that medical-genetic counseling forms in the context of intertwinement of different social factors, and is a complex communicative process that involves scientists, medical doctors, patients, and their relatives in various forms of relationships. It is associated with myths and biases, as well as personal attitudes that distort the information about the diagnosis. It also transforms in the course of technological development. Description is given to the difficulties faced by the geneticist that affect the counseling process. The article demonstrates the peculiarities of family psychodynamics that determine the way of perception of genetic information. It is also indicated that genetic testing is aimed not only at personality of the patient, but may touch upon a wide range of relations: with relatives and friends, employers, and other interested parties. At the same time, the distribution of information on the risks of the disease may instigate discrimination against a person, stigmatization and elimination of a number of social opportunities, namely related to their professional activity. Genetic information pertains not only to physicality of an individual, but also to social body; affect the interests of the family and people living in a certain territory; bearers of common genetic information; as well as employers, insurers, etc. The conclusion is made that the process of genetic counseling based on the basic bioethical principles of autonomy, benevolence, justice, and informed consent requires additional interpretation. Based on consideration of incident A. Jolie and ethical analysis of the possibility of polygenic embryonic screening, the author reveals the peculiarities of perception of genetic information and its personal interpretation, which cause realization of the new types of responsibility in the process of genetic counseling, where the geneticist deals not with the establishment of diagnosis (fact), but with the likelihood of development of a particular pathology (prognosis).
The role of national symbols in the political protests: case of Mexico
Authors: Kleshchenko Liudmila Leonidovna
Published: December 2021

This article explores the specificity of using national symbols in the political protests. The construction of the new meanings of national symbols by protest movements is viewed in the frame of collective memory. The goal of this research is to determine the peculiarities of involving unofficial national symbols in the protest discourse by the opposition political forces on the example of modern Mexico. It is demonstrated how the radical protest Neozapatismo movement uses the image of the country's national hero Emiliano Zapata for legitimizing the own agrarian program and rule in the state of Chiapas, as well as a resource for mobilizing the supporters of drastic agrarian reforms. The conclusion is made that due to such characteristics of national symbols as sacred nature, wide occurrence, recognition, they possess high mobilization potential, carrying out mobilization function in the political protests. It pertains to both, state symbols (flag, coat of arms, anthem) and unofficial symbols. National symbols can also be used by protest movements as a means of legitimation / deligitimation of authority. The author underlines that the use by political actors of national symbols, which may cause strong emotional response of the audience, should be considered as manipulative political technology.
The role of journalism in combating fake news: the case of the last day of the 2019 election campaign in Portugal
Authors: Lima Quintanilha Tiago , Cardoso Gustavo , Baldi Vania , Paisana Miguel
Published: December 2021

This article reflects on the role of journalism in the deconstruction of fake news propaganda that came out in the media on the last day of the 2019 parliamentary election campaign in Portugal. We collected news items carried by the Portuguese media and contextualised this media coverage with regard to the impact of disinformation on confidence in the news with the help of data collated as part of the Digital News Report project. We found that journalistic scrutiny, aided by the characteristics of the Portuguese media system, might have contributed to a zero effect of this fake news on the election results, unlike what happened in elections in other countries, such as the United States, United Kingdom and Brazil.
Metamorfoses de A Reprodução: um olhar atualizado a partir da realidade portuguesa
Authors: Melo Benedita Portugal e , Lopes João Teixeira
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo procura-se discutir em que medida A Reprodução (Bourdieu e Passeron, 1970), 50 anos depois de ter sido editada, continua atual para a análise das relações entre o espaço social e o sistema educativo na sociedade portuguesa. Para isso sintetizam-se resultados de pesquisas recentes realizadas em Portugal no campo da Sociologia da Educação, ilustrando os vasos comunicantes que estabelecem com o quadro referencial daquela obra. Daremos conta dos modos de relação das classes sociais com o sistema educativo, salientando aproximações e desvios face à matriz dos autores franceses. Discutiremos os avanços, contradições e insuficiências da educação compensatória. Concluiremos pela atualidade de A Reprodução, mas sob condições e adaptações, gerando novos horizontes de indagação que permitem reconstruir a teoria sem a destruir. Apesar de existir ampla abundância empírica que comprova a transmutação das desigualdades sociais de base familiar em desigualdades escolares e destas, novamente, em desigualdades sociais, constatamos que existem mudanças que advêm de políticas educativas e da feminização do acesso e sucesso escolar. Sugerimos um investimento em pesquisas que promovam a articulação entre escalas de observação (micro, meso e macro) e a interseção e consubstancialidade de desigualdades sociais (classe, género e etnia).
Anglocentrism in the Academy: On Linguistic Privilege, Mastery and Hoito
Authors: Hohti Riikka , Truman Sarah E.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we discuss the tacit agreement to use English as lingua franca in global academia. Our interest is in how Anglocentrism manifests within academic practices – seminars, conferences, and academic publishing – all of which are marked by neoliberal assumptions of mastery, quality, and efficacy. Drawing on autobiographical narratives, social media conversations, and literature, as well as recent discussions on conferencing and peer review practices, we analyse how historically shaped linguistic privilege and linguistic divides continue to be lived at the level of the body, affects and affective atmospheres. Language is not just language, rather, seemingly practical decisions about language always involve the aspects of material labour, time, money, and careers: they shape researcher subjectivities and entire domains of scientific knowledge. However, we also highlight the potentials nested in the emergence of minor language and the deterritorialising forces of humor. Articulating the speculative lines of what if, we propose more care-full academic linguistic practices.
Alexander Technique as an auto-ethological mode of differing inquiry
Authors: Levy Gary
Published: December 2021

In practice, the work of F.M Alexander can sometimes facilitate, enliven or accentuate embodied experience and awareness (Dimon, 2015; Jones, 1976). It can also provide a means whereby the ‘psycho-physical instrument of self’ becomes more readily co-ordinated within its own system of organisation and simultaneously, in relation to whatever it encounters in the world. McCormack’s (2013) reading of Dewey’s “ethology of experience” is salient here, where experience is conceptualised as open-ended, affective, and ‘radically experimental’. Our interest lies in the subtle, barely-perceptible difference/s that sometimes emerge/s when we contemplate/engage a thought, an object, a connection, or an encounter with a freshly-attuned, embodied instrument. Experiencing these differences might also point to some unexplored ways of being in, and coming-to-know, the worlds we inhabit and inquire into.
Roles of peripheral clocks: lessons from the fly
Authors: Yildirim Evrim , Curtis Rachel , Hwangbo Dae‐Sung
Published: December 2021

To adapt to and anticipate rhythmic changes in the environment such as daily light–dark and temperature cycles, internal timekeeping mechanisms called biological clocks evolved in a diverse set of organisms, from unicellular bacteria to humans. These biological clocks play critical roles in organisms' fitness and survival by temporally aligning physiological and behavioral processes to the external cues. The central clock is located in a small subset of neurons in the brain and drives daily activity rhythms, whereas most peripheral tissues harbor their own clock systems, which generate metabolic and physiological rhythms. Since the discovery of Drosophila melanogaster clock mutants in the early 1970s, the fruit fly has become an extensively studied model organism to investigate the mechanism and functions of circadian clocks. In this review, we primarily focus on D. melanogaster to survey key discoveries and progresses made over the past two decades in our understanding of peripheral clocks. We discuss physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of peripheral clocks in several different peripheral tissues of the fly.
Ultra‐Sensitive Iron‐Doped Palladium Nanocrystals with Enhanced Hydroxyl Radical Generation for Chemo‐/Chemodynamic Nanotherapy
Authors: Xie Wensheng , Zhang Genpei , Guo Zhenhu , Lu Jingsong , Ye Jielin , Xu Wanling , Gao Xiaohan , Yue Kai , Wei Yen , Zhao Lingyun
Published: December 2021

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a novel therapeutic modality that employs Fenton or Fenton‐like reaction to destroy cancer cells via the disproportionation of intratumoral hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) without external energy input. A highly efficient chemodynamic catalyst in tumor microenvironment (TME) is key to effective anti‐tumor efficacy. Therefore, ultra‐sensitive FePd‐TPP/adriamycin (ADM) nanocrystals (NCs) are constructed via a simple thermal decomposition method with high catalytic efficiency for combined chemo‐/chemodynamic cancer nanotherapy. These FePd‐TPP/ADM NCs exhib high Fenton‐reaction efficiency with a Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of 3.65 mm and 1.69 × 10−9 m s−1, respectively. The ab‐initio molecular dynamics simulation based on density functional theory demonstrate that the repulsion effect between Pd and H atom contribute to the enhancement of the Fe2+ mediated Fenton oxidation. Moreover, the doping of Fe enables FePd‐TPP/ADM NCs to be an efficient contrast agent for T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, upon intravenous injection, the FePd‐TPP/ADM NCs reveal synergistic tumor growth inhibition compared with chemotherapy and CDT alone. Considering the good biocompatibility and biosafety, this study may pave the way to design a theranostic nano‐platform based on palladium nanoparticles for various catalytic applications.
Near‐Infrared Light Responsive TiO2 for Efficient Solar Energy Utilization
Authors: Jiang Longbo , Zhou Shaoyu , Yang Jinjuan , Wang Hou , Yu Hanbo , Chen Haoyun , Zhao Yanlan , Yuan Xingzhong , Chu Wei , Li Hui
Published: December 2021

TiO2, as a benchmark in the field of ultraviolet photocatalysis, is one of the most widely used semiconductor photocatalysts. However, its inherent drawbacks, including wide bandgap and fast recombination of charge carriers, lead to the underutilization of solar light. Increasing the overall solar spectrum utilization of TiO2, especially in the near‐infrared region (NIR, ≈52%), is the key to efficient solar energy conversion. In this review, the strategies to enhance NIR light capture of TiO2‐based photocatalysts, including hybridization with narrow optical gap semiconductors, bandgap engineering, upconversion materials, plasmonic materials, and photosensitizers, are elaborated. The basic mechanisms for NIR light conversion employed by TiO2 and the preparation methods of photoactive materials are summarized. Furthermore, their applications in photocatalytic pollutants purification, hydrogen and oxygen evolution, multifunctional smart windows, nitrogen photofixation, as well as carbon dioxide photoreduction and photocatalytic disinfection are discussed. Finally, this review presents the limitations and perspectives for the future development of efficient NIR solar photon conversion of TiO2‐based materials.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Film for Flexible and Highly Responsive Perovskite Photodetector
Authors: Marunchenko Alexandr A. , Baranov Mikhail A. , Ushakova Elena V. , Ryabov Daniil R. , Pushkarev Anatoly P. , Gets Dmitry S. , Nasibulin Albert G. , Makarov Sergey V.
Published: December 2021

Metal–halide perovskites have recently shown tremendous progress in flexible photodetector applications owing to their great optical and electronic properties. However, apart from charge generating material, the high performance device requires a reasonable choice of electrodes for efficient carrier management as well. For example, the widespread use of gold and silver electrodes often results in perovskite device degradation while being expensive. Here, low‐cost and chemically inert single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin films are employed as electrodes to create highly responsive and flexible photodetector based on cesium lead tribromide (CsPbBr3) microcrystals. Direct growth of the perovskite on SWCNT forms excellent contact between the components leading to the state‐of‐the‐art responsivity for flexible perovskite photodetectors 1321 A W−1 at 5 V and under illumination intensity 1 mW cm−2 at 505 nm wavelength. The advanced properties of SWCNT films realized on a flexible substrate allow for robust operation over 104 cycles of device bending along with all parameters stability at ambient conditions for at least 1.5 months. The proposed design reveals the potential of SWCNT thin film electrodes for high performance perovskite flexible devices.
Highly Efficient Hole Transport Layer‐Free Low Bandgap Mixed Pb–Sn Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by a Binary Additive System
Authors: Kim Hongki , Lee Jong Woo , Han Gi Rim , Kim Yu Jin , Kim Su Hwan , Kim Seong Keun , Kwak Sang Kyu , Oh Joon Hak
Published: December 2021

The development of high‐performance hole transport layer (HTL)‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a simplified device structure has been a major goal in the commercialization of PSCs due to the economic advantage of low manufacturing cost. Unfortunately, low bandgap (Eg) mixed Pb–Sn perovskites, which have promising utility for constructing efficient all‐perovskite tandem solar cells, have rarely been explored in simplified HTL‐free device configurations. In this study, efficient band bending and defect engineering at the interface between perovskite and indium tin oxide (ITO) are realized via a binary additive system using copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) and glycine hydrochloride (GlyHCl). Using mixed Pb–Sn perovskites decorated with crystalline p‐type CuSCN, the energy level alignment at the hole extractive interface is modulated in favor of hole extraction, simultaneously increasing hole mobility. Suppressed nonradiative carrier recombination in the perovskite bulk, or across the charge extractive interface, is further achieved by GlyHCl without disturbing the efficient hole transfer characteristics. Notably, a more optimized band alignment is achieved at the hole extractive interface with the addition of GlyHCl. The HTL‐free mixed Pb–Sn PSC shows an efficiency up to 20.1% under forward bias with negligible hysteresis, comparable to state‐of‐the‐art high‐performance full‐structured mixed Pb–Sn PSCs.
Revealing the Sulfur Redox Paths in a Li–S Battery by an In Situ Hyphenated Technique of Electrochemistry and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yu Zhengyou , Shao Yi , Ma Lipo , Liu Chaozi , Gu Chaoyue , Liu Junjie , He Peng , Li Meixian , Nie Zongxiu , Peng Zhangquan , Shao Yuanhua
Published: December 2021

The lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is one of the most promising next generation energy storage systems due to its high theoretical specific energy. However, the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides formed during cell operation is a crucial reason for the low cyclability suffered by current Li–S batteries. As a result, an in‐depth mechanistic understanding of the sulfur cathode redox reactions is urgently required for further advancement of Li–S batteries. Herein, the direct observation of polysulfides in a Li‐S battery is reported by an in situ hyphenated technique of electrochemistry and mass spectrometry. Several short‐lived lithium polysulfide intermediates during sulfur redox have been identified. Furthermore, this method is applied to a mechanistic study of an electrocatalyst that has been observed to promote the polysulfides conversion in a Li–S cell. Through the abundance distributions of various polysulfides before and after adding the electrocatalyst, compelling experimental evidences of catalytic selectivity of cobalt phthalocyanine to those long‐chain polysulfide intermediates are obtained. This work can provide guidance for the design of novel cathode to overcome the shuttle effect and facilitate the sulfur redox kinetics.
Elastic Plasmonic‐Enhanced Fabry–Pérot Cavities with Ultrasensitive Stretching Tunability
Authors: Güell‐Grau Pau , Pi Francesc , Villa Rosa , Eskilson Olof , Aili Daniel , Nogués Josep , Sepúlveda Borja , Alvarez Mar
Published: December 2021

The emerging stretchable photonics field faces challenges, like the robust integration of optical elements into elastic matrices or the generation of large optomechanical effects. Here, the first stretchable plasmonic‐enhanced and wrinkled Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavities are demonstrated, which are composed of self‐embedded arrays of Au nanostructures at controlled depths into elastomer films. The novel self‐embedding process is triggered by the Au nanostructures’ catalytic activity, which locally increases the polymer curing rate, thereby inducing a mechanical stress that simultaneously pulls the Au nanostructures into the polymer and forms a wrinkled skin layer. This geometry yields unprecedented optomechanical effects produced by the coupling of the broad plasmonic modes of the Au nanostructures and the FP modes, which are modulated by the wrinkled optical cavity. As a result, film stretching induces drastic changes in both the spectral position and intensity of the plasmonic‐enhanced FP resonances due to the simultaneous cavity thickness reduction and cavity wrinkle flattening, thus increasing the cavity finesse. These optomechanical effects are exploited to demonstrate new strain‐sensing approaches, achieving a strain detection limit of 0.006%, i.e., 16‐fold lower than current optical strain‐detection schemes.
Formation of MoO3/Organic Interfaces
Authors: Wu Yan , Hu Juntao , Yang Zhenxin , Wang Dengke , Zhao Yong‐Biao , Zhang Tao , Chen Nan , Wu Di , Lu Zheng‐Hong
Published: December 2021

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) has been extensively used in numerous organic semiconductor devices for hole injection and extraction. In this paper, photoelectron spectroscopy combined with cleavage and sputter depth profile has been used to probe the structures of buried MoO3/organic semiconductor interfaces. Organics used in this work include: tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine (TCTA), N,N′‐bis(naphthalene‐l‐yl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB), 4,4′‐bis(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐2,2′‐biphenyl (CBP), and 1,3‐bis(N‐carbazolyl) benzene (mCP). It is found that there are two distinct types of interfaces: sharp interfaces (type‐I) where the oxide layer has limited or no diffusion when deposited on organics that have a high glass transition temperature such as TCTA and NPB; mixed interfaces (type‐II) where the formation of interfaces is followed by significant diffusion and reaction on organics having low glass transition temperatures such as CBP and mCP. The causes for these two types of interfaces are discussed.
Field‐Effect Control in Hole Transport Layer Composed of Li:NiO/NiO for Highly Efficient Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Liang , Sun Xuewen , Yao Qiannan , Huang Sheng , Zhu Lei , Song Jian , Zhao Yulong , Qiang Yinghuai
Published: December 2021

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been recognized as fascinating optoelectronic devices with a rapid progress of the power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, serious carrier recombination at charge transport layer (CTL)/perovskite interface limits further development of PSCs. Therefore, carrier dynamics at interface should be finely regulated to achieve a satisfied performance. Herein, a hole transport layer (HTL) is developed with a bilayer film composed of Li:NiO/NiO, in which NiO directly contacts with perovskite film. The prepared HTL is a p‐p+ homojunction as Li:NiO film has higher concentration of carrier than NiO. Energy level alignment in Li:NiO/NiO HTL reflects a hole transport improvement by both built‐in electric field and interface effective field. The additional drive forces generated by the above field effects in HTL present a significant enhancement for carrier extraction and transport at HTL/perovskite interface. As a result, the inverted planar PSC with the Li:NiO/NiO HTL delivers an improved PCE up to 19.04% from 15.40% of the control one, which also shows a high fill factor of 82.83%, indicating a low level of carrier nonradiative recombination. This work provides new insights on the carrier dynamics control in CTL/perovskite interface, which is meaningful for designing excellent PSCs.
Stability and Degradation of Metal–Organic‐Framework Films under Ambient Air Explored by Uptake and Diffusion Experiments
Authors: Li Chun , Chandresh Abhinav , Zhang Zejun , Moulai Sarah , Heinke Lars
Published: December 2021

The loading with guest molecules is the key feature for most applications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The limited stability of MOFs against environmental factors, like humid air, is often a severe problem which hinders real‐life applications. Here, the stability of four common MOFs, UiO‐66, UiO‐67, HKUST‐1, and ZIF‐8, under long‐term exposure to humid air and under exposure to water vapor is explored. Transient uptake experiments with toluene and other volatile organic compounds as probe molecules are combined with structural investigations via X‐ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. In line with previous publications showing the structural stability of ZIF‐8 and UiO‐66, it is found that its uptake properties are not affected by exposure to air. On the other hand, HKUST‐1 shows clear structural decomposition in air and degradation of the uptake properties. Unexpectedly, while the diffraction and spectroscopy data of UiO‐67 do not suggest a corrosion of the structure upon air exposure, the guest‐loading data show a strong decrease of the uptake amount and a deceleration of the uptake rate. Both features strongly indicate the formation of surface barriers for the mass transfer in UiO‐67, like in HKUST‐1. The study underlines the importance of transient uptake experiments for characterizing the stability of MOF materials.