bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the diagnostic performance of ultrasound in classifying breast lesions: the potential value of S-detect for residents-in-training
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Xiao Mengsu , Jiang Yuxin , Liu He , Wang Ming , Wang Hongyan , Zhang Jing , Zhu Qingli
Published: June 2019

Background

To explore the potential value of S-Detect™, a high-end computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) software system for residents-in-training.

Methods

Routine breast ultrasound (US) examinations were conducted and assessed by an experienced radiologist. Archived images of the lesions (including grayscale, color Doppler flow and elastography images) were retrospectively assessed by each of five in-training residents who were blinded to the histopathological findings and any other US diagnosis. The diagnostic performances of S-Detect™ and the five residents were measured and compared. Afterwards, category 4a lesions assessed by the residents were downgraded when classified as possibly benign by S-Detect™. The diagnostic performance of the integrated results was compared with the original results of the residents.

Results

A total of 195 focal breast lesions were consecutively enrolled, including 82 malignant lesions and 113 benign lesions. S-Detect™ presented higher specificity and area under the curve (AUC)than the residents. After combination with S-Detect™ in category 4a lesions, the specificity and AUC of the five residents were significantly improved. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the five residents also increased after integration.

Conclusions

With the help of the CAD software, the specificity, overall diagnostic performances and interobserver agreements of the residents greatly improved. S-Detect™ can be utilized as an assistant tool for residents-in-training in classifying breast lesions.
Absence of the celiac trunk: definition, classification, MDCT angiographic findings and their probable embryological mechanisms
Authors: Mao Yi , Tang Wei , Jin Bo , Kuang Lian-Qin , Zhang Jing , Wang Yi
Published: June 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the types and prevalence of absence of the celiac trunk by using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography, and analyze their probable embryological mechanisms. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 2,500 abdominal MDCT angiography images. The absence of the celiac trunk was defined as that the celiac trunk is not exist, more specifically, there is not such an arterial trunk containing at least two major branches of the celiac trunk. Various types of the absence of the celiac trunk were investigated. Results: Of the 2,500 patients, 19 (0.76%) patients were identified as an absence of the celiac trunk. According to its definition and classification, the absence of the celiac trunk could be divided into five types: type I (LGA + CHA + SA + SMA), type II (HM trunk + LGA + SA), type III (SM trunk + LGA + CHA), type IV (GM trunk + CHA + SA), and type V (other type); and these types were observed in 5 patients (0.20%), 9 patients (0.36%), 3 patients (0.12%), 0 patients (0.00%) and 2 (0.08%) patients, respectively. There were more examples of the types I and II than of the types III–V (P = 0.004). Conclusions: We systematically classified the absence of the celiac trunk based on its MDCT angiography findings. Abnormal interruptions and persistence of the longitudinal anastomosis, and regression of vascular root and emergence of replaced artery could all be the embryological mechanisms of various types of the absence of the celiac trunk.
James Clifford's Influence on Bronislaw Malinowski
Authors: Milenković Miloš
Published: June 2019

Drawing on the explanation already offered for the confusion of positivism with realism in the epistemological imagination of the author and founder of postmodern anthropology, the paper analyzes the moral implications of dealing with problems characteristic of the philosophy of science by literary-theoretical means. The transdisciplinary migration of "realism" from literary theory to social science methodology has produced a whole new history of anthropology. The history of pre-postmodern anthropology constructed in this manner can be said to fit the register of some sort of comparative-cultural theory of  retroactive moral judgement, complementing postmodern anthropology as a general theory of writing by political subjects, so that the theoretical-methodological dilemmas of postmodern anthropology do not constitute proof of the legitimacy of a holistic interpretation of the discipline’s founders’ intentions, but rather lead to neo-pyrrhonic, formalistic endeavours to uphold, by respecting academic trappings, the academic authority of the discipline whose subject, method and purpose, as a rule, even colleagues from adjacent departments for various reasons fail to understand. In the paper, evidence for this is derived from Clifford's writing of Malinowski, and the moral implications of the unfortunate analogy between the writing of political subjects and the writing of disciplinary founders are followed through. The paper then goes on to explain that the critique of the possibilities of misuse, particularly through political instrumentalization, of anthropological fictions as evidence of Others did not have to come at the cost of sacrificing the semblance of continuity in the establishment of anthropology as a proper academic discipline.
Hopes and Visions: Business, Culture and Capacity for Imagining Local Future in Southeast Serbia
Authors: Erdei Ildiko
Published: June 2019

Knjaževac and its surroundings represent a local region that shares the destiny of the ‘global south’. The inhabitants perceive the region as neglected and forgotten by the state and political structures from the Belgrade ‘center’, claiming that Knjaževac is one of the poorest and most underdeveloped regions in Serbia. Nevertheless, in the last couple of years some fresh business and social development projects have been initiated, which has opened up prospects for imagining a new future for the local community.

The aim of the paper will be to present the current state of affairs in the domain of economic development in the region and to point to the cultural dimension of that process. Following Appadurai, I argue that economic development can not be accomplished without the capacity to imagine the future, and this capacity, in turn, gets stronger as development plans gain their real effects.

I will try to show how new business actors use common traditional cultural forms, such as belief in the skills and the power of fortunetellers, in imagining and legitimating a sense of self.  I will also point to the other ways of evocation and "capturing" of the orientation toward future, as "project-oriented" thinking and acting of the local NGO, and "visionary" capacity reated to civic activism.
Board Games Reconsidered: Mancala in the Balkans
Authors: Bikić Vesna , Vuković Jasna
Published: June 2019

Two mancala (one of the oldest games in the world) boards, which were found in the Lower Town of the Belgrade Fortress in 2006, present so far unique archaeological proof that this game was played in the region of the Balkan peninsula. Considering the fact that the knowledge regarding mancala is still quite modest, in this paper, we have also examined the different aspects of this game: the question of its origin, which is linked to the beginning of the Neolithic Age on the territories of Africa and the Near East; the link with the methods of geomantic divination; the anthropological knowledge regarding playing mancala in  traditional communities; the distribution and the directions  of its diffusion, as well as the archaeological finds in the area Mediterranean.
Reflexive Thinking - A Substitute for Analogy? An Example of a Debate on Ancient Economy
Authors: Kuzmanović Zorica
Published: June 2019

Traditional debates on analogical thinking, which is at the root of all knowledge about the past, were founded on the scientific-methodological postulate of the striving for increased control of conditions that affect the research situation, that is, the pre-methodological consensus on the need for objectifying, depersonalizing and regulating research. Faithful to the inherited ideals of objective social science, the archaeological discussion on analogy has for decades focused  exclusively on logical-epistemological issues of general methodology; however, it has actually contributed very little to overcoming the fact that the past is not objectively knowable.

By introducing the concept of reflexivity into the debate on the analogical character of archaeological thinking, the paper aims to recontextualize the analogy debate which aspires to the positivist ideals of a social science, into a debate on archaeology as a social practice which inevitably and continually draws analogies between the past and the present and thus establishes the meanings of the world we live in. Rethinking archaeological analogies by means of a conceptual apparatus developed in anthropological and sociological debates on reflexivity provides a new research perspective in which the use of analogies moves beyond the sphere of debates on logical consistency and becomes a social practice aware of the semantic and hence also political implications of the knowledge it produces.
Gender Anthropology of Prehistoric Populations: The Case of "Improperly" Oriented Graves at the Mokrin Necropolis
Authors: Porčić Marko
Published: June 2019

This paper explores some gender anthropology issues in a prehistoric context. Specifically, the paper attempts to shed light on the question of why certain male and female persons were interred in positions contrary to the strict norm that applied to the burial of men and women at the early Bronze Age necropolis in the town of Mokrin near Kikinda. Three elements have been analyzed, namely physical activities, funerary offerings, and the layout of the necropolis. The analysis points to the conclusion that in the early Bronze Age society of Mokrin inverted gender identities were to be found.
Organization of Time in the Chinese Countryside: Labor, Rhythms and Gender in the Later Maoist Period (1958-1978)
Authors: Vučinić Nešković Vesna
Published: June 2019

This paper deals with the question of how the state policies during the later Maoist period, from the beginning of the Great Leap Forward (1958) to the introduction of the Modernization Reforms (1978), affected the organization of time in the Chinese countryside. After abandoning the initial Soviet model of modernization, based on the exclusive strengthening of heavy industry, the China’s leadership developed a strategy of parallel development of agriculture and industry, wherein the former would additionally support the modernization of the latter. The study is focused on the ways the longer term state plans and shorter term economic, social and ideological policies and campaigns jointly influenced the rhythms of life of Chinese peasants. The domains in which these influences became visible were: (1) the intensification of agricultural practices, (2) the introducing of the small-scale industry, and (3) the politicizing of the spare time. In the analysis the characteristic rhythms of work and rest within the daily, weekly, seasonal, and annual time spans are followed in detail.
The Invention of Tradition: Vinča Script
Authors: Palavestra Aleksandar
Published: June 2019

The problematic term the Vinča script denotes a number of incised ornaments and signs on the surface of the pottery of the Vinča culture – one of the most important »cultures« of the South Eastern European Neolithic. The modes of use and abuse of this phenomenon of and the very term the Vinča script have changed through time, elloquently testifying about the paradigm shifts in the European archaeology, at the same time indicating dangerous contaminations of archaeology by pseudo-archaeological ideas. During the 19th and first half of the 20th century, the idea of a script in the Neolithic cultures of South Eastern Europe surfaced occasionaly as an argument for the short „historical“ chronology and Near Eastern influences. During the 1980s the idea of the Vinča script emerges again in Serbia, this time, as an invented tradition, from the pseudo-scholar circles, and is massively supported by the media. The Vinča script becomes the central motif of a much larger pseudo-scholar movement: the invention of script is linked to praehistory of South Eastern Europe, allegedly from Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Lepenski Vir, over the Etruscan, Lydian and other scripts, down to Cyrillic and Latin letters. Unfortunately, over the last years the term the Vinča script – falsely represented by the media as a new and equally valid interpretive paradigm – seeps into the general public discourse, and even into archaeology itself.
Past as the Other – The Other as Past
Authors: Babić Staša
Published: June 2019

Modern academic disciplines of anthropology, history and archaeology are founded in the cultural, social, political context of the 18th and 19th centuries, at the times of the colonial expansion of the West European countries. Although demarcated by the objects of their study („primitive societies“, the past according to written sources, or material evidence), all these disciplines are grounded in the need to distinguish and strengthen the modern identity of the Europeans as opposed to the Others in space and time.
Who Is Who in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes: A Formal Analysis of Jovan Cvijić’s Treatise on South Slav Unity
Authors: Pišev Marko
Published: June 2019

The the paper explores the causes and effects of the ideological background of Jovan Cvijić’s anthropogeographical and ethnopsychological research in the former Yugoslav region of the Balkan Peninsula. The paper shows that Cvijić’s intellectual endeavors to forge a new Yugoslav identity, which he believed to be indispensable for the successful implementation of the South Slav state unification project, were based on ethnocentric premises that resulted in implicit " scientific" evidence about kinship among the South Slavs recognized through Serbian ethnic attributes. For Cvijić, therefore, the Yugoslav idea did not in essence have a supraethnic character; on the contrary, it was the Serbian identity that provided the basis of the Yugoslav "nation".
Contribution of Overland and Tile Flow to Runoff and Nutrient Losses from Vertisols in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Kokulan Vivekananthan , Macrae M. L. , Lobb D. A. , Ali G. A.
Published: June 2019

This study quantified the contributions of overland and tile flow to total runoff (sum of overland and tile flow) and nutrient losses in a Vertisolic soil in the Red River valley (Manitoba, Canada), a region with a cold climate where tile drainage is rapidly expanding. Most annual runoff occurred as overland flow (72–89%), during spring snowmelt and large spring and summer storms. Tile drains did not flow in early spring due to frozen ground. Although tiles flowed in late spring and summer (33–100% of event flow), this represented a small volume of annual runoff (10–25%), which is in stark contrast with what has been observed in other tile‐drained landscapes. Median daily flow‐weighted mean concentrations of soluble reactive P (SRP) and total P (TP) were significantly greater in overland flow than in tile flow (p < 0.001), but the reverse pattern was observed for NO3–N (p < 0.001). Overland flow was the primary export pathway for both P and NO3–N, accounting for >95% of annual SRP and TP and 50 to 60% of annual NO3–N losses. Data suggest that tile drains do not exacerbate P export from Vertisols in the Red River valley because they are decoupled from the surface by soil‐ice during snowmelt, which is the primary time for P loss. However, NO3–N loading to downstream water bodies may be exacerbated by tiles, particularly during spring and summer storms after fertilizer application.

Core Ideas

Overland flow was the primary pathway for runoff and nutrient loss at field edge.

Most runoff and nutrient loss occurred during spring snowmelt and rain events.

Tile drains are unlikely to exacerbate P losses from Vertisolic soils.

Tile drains may enhance N loading in this region.
Anthropocentrism and Taxidermy in Santiago Nazarian's Neve negra
Authors: Varela Fernando
Published: June 2019

In the present essay, I argue that taxidermy is a fundamental element in Brazilian novelist Santiago Nazarian’s Neve negra (2017). To do so, I frame my argument by using studies on anthropocentrism and the relationship between the human and the non-human through taxidermy. The first part of the essay examines recent studies on taxidermy and primary sources from the nineteenth century that center on the art and science of skinning, preparing, and mounting dead specimens. The second part focuses on a close reading of Nazarian’s novel by studying the narrator’s patriarchal and masculine anxieties in conjunction with taxidermy and the non-human characters that appear in the novel.
Between Christmas Day, 1895, and New Year’s Eve, 1922: Queer Suicide and Brazil's Long Fin de Siècle
Authors: Braga-Pinto César
Published: June 2019

This essay considers a heterogeneous and often unreadable group of fin-de-siècle Brazilian writers that includes Parnassians, Symbolists, and Decadents. These artists imagined themselves part of a cosmopolitan, transnational movement that posed as extravagant or queer, turning their back on both emerging nationalist sentiments and urgent social issues of their time. This detachment, I argue, points to a queer mode of historicity. I further argue that an affirmative rhetoric of hope and community is insufficient to understand or cope with negative figures, that is, those who turn away from social life, communication, and, ultimately, from futurity. I first focus on two queer fin-de-siècle writers who committed suicide, Raul Pompeia (1863-95) and the playwright Roberto Gomes (1882-1922). I then propose that an archive of Brazilian "suicidals" may provide ways of reading these fin-de-siècle writers, as well as others who resist accommodation in the genealogy of national culture.
Selfish Mysticism, Queer Utopias: 'Homo-ness' in Carlos Hugo Christensen's O menino e o vento
Authors: Hodgson James
Published: June 2019

This article considers Carlos Hugo Christensen's film O menino e o vento (1968) through the work of queer theorist Leo Bersani. It argues that Christensen’s depiction of same-sex desire makes a fundamental challenge to social organization by reconfiguring the basic unit of interpersonal relations (self and other). Against the well-disciplined homosexual subject, the film presents homosexuality as an impersonal, quasi-mystical, homoerotic force that breaks down and transcends the barriers between individuals, shattering all efforts to name and so to control it. This article addresses specifically the question of queer utopias, sketching out what one might look like in Lusophone cinema. It contributes to the current scholarship on Christensen while examining how ideas about homosexuality are formulated in Lusophone cultures more generally, and how they might be politically useful.
Cassandra Rios e a lésbica genuína em Eu sou uma lésbica (1980)
Authors: Castellanos Gonella Carolina
Published: June 2019

In this article, I analyze the novel, Eu sou uma lésbica (1980), by Brazilian author Cassandra Rios (1932-2002). I examine how Rios's text discusses the lesbianism and sexuality of Flávia, the protagonist of the novel, as well as the sexual and love relationship that the seven-year-old Flávia has with an adult woman. The work of authors such as Judith Butler, Marilyn R. Farwell, Teresa De Lauretis, Adrianne Rich, Gayle Rubin, and Jeffrey Weeks informs my theoretical framework. I propose that the novel presents Flávia's sexuality as natural and genuine in order to challenge traditional discourses surrounding lesbianism and children’s sexuality. While the representation of lesbian sexuality in children is transgressive and empowering, as it establishes same-sex desire among women as natural and dating back to infancy, I contend however that the novel’s treatment of adult lesbian sexuality perpetuates traditional corporal, racial, and class hierarchies.
Bioactivities of Natural Catalpol Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Liu-Qiang , Chen Kai-Xian , Li Yi-Ming
Published: June 2019

Catalpol, a famous molecule of iridoids, possesses extensive pharmacological activities.
Our studies found that compounds with low-polarity substituents at the 6-O position of
catalpol exhibited higher NF-κB inhibitory potency than catalpol. However, catalpol derivatives
are not much focused. Here this review provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring
catalpol derivatives discovered from 1888 until 2018. It covers their distribution, chemotaxonomic
significance, chemical structures, and bioactivities from more than 200 peer-reviewed articles,
and highlights the structure-activity relationship of catalpol derivatives.
Statins in Stroke
Authors: Aznaouridis Konstantinos , Masoura Constantina , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Tousoulis Dimitris
Published: June 2019

Background:

Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability in modern societies.
Statins are effective medications in decreasing cardiovascular events through lipid lowering and
pleiotropic effects.

Objective:

To summarize current evidence regarding the role of statins in the prevention and management
of stroke.

Methods:

A narrative review of current evidence regarding the effect of statins in stroke management.
Electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Databases were performed.

Results:

In primary prevention of stroke in patients with risk factors but no established cardiovascular
disease, potent statins such as atorvastatin and rosuvastatin have shown some benefits, but the
clinical relevance of this effect is questionable. In populations at higher risk of stroke, such as patients
with established coronary heart disease, the majority of relevant studies have shown a beneficial
effect of statins in preventing stroke. Similarly, in patients with a previous cerebrovascular
event, there is a clear benefit of statins for the prevention of recurrent events. The use of statins is
not associated with an increased risk of intracranial bleeding in primary prevention studies. There
may be an increased incidence of non-fatal hemorrhagic stroke with high dose statins in patients
with a previous cerebrovascular event. Patients who experience a stroke while on statins should not
discontinue statins. In addition, statins are associated with better survival and improved functional
outcome when administered during the acute phase of stroke in statin-naive patients. In contrast,
statins do not confer any benefit in patients with acute ischemic stroke who receive thrombolysis.

Conclusion:

Treatment with statins prevents ischemic stroke, especially in patients with high cardiovascular
risk and established atherosclerotic disease. It seems that both lipid lowering and pleiotropic
effects contribute to these effects.
Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis with Bisphosphonates Alone, Vitamin D Alone or a Combination Treatment in Eastern Asians: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Junjie , Li Hongzhuo
Published: June 2019

Background:

Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis and fractures have become a serious problem
for Eastern Asians. Bisphosphonates (BPs), vitamin D and a combination treatment are effective methods to
prevent and treat GC-induced osteoporosis.

Objective:

The study aimed to compare the efficacy of BPs, vitamin D and a combination treatment for preventing
and managing GC-induced osteoporosis in Eastern Asians.

Methods:

A comprehensive search in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL databases
was undertaken for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of BPs, vitamin D and the combination
treatment on GCs-induced osteoporosis in Eastern Asian populations. Primary outcome measures were the
change in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers. The final search was performed in March
2019.

Results:

Nine RCTs were included. A total of 545 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with vitamin D,
BPs and the combination treatment significantly alleviated osteoporosis of the spine and femoral neck in Eastern
Asians with GC-induced osteoporosis. At the same time, the change in serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
(BAP) and serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) levels was observed to be significantly less with BPs
and the combination treatment with vitamin D alone. No significant difference was found between BPs and the
combination treatment in the markers mentioned above.

Conclusion:

Compared with vitamin D alone, BPs alone and the combination treatment were significantly effective
on Eastern Asians with GC-induced osteoporosis. Compared with the combination treatment, BPs alone were
observed to be effective enough to increase the BMDs of the spine and femoral neck on both sides and thus prevent
GC-induced osteoporosis in Eastern Asians.
Nano-antimicrobials: A New Paradigm for Combating Mycobacterial Resistance
Authors: Minakshi Prasad , Ghosh Mayukh , Brar Basanti , Kumar Rajesh , Lambe Upendra P. , Ranjan Koushlesh , Manoj Jinu , Prasad Gaya
Published: June 2019

Background:

Mycobacterium group contains several pathogenic bacteria including M. tuberculosis where the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is alarming for human and animal health around the world. The condition has further aggravated due to the speed of discovery of the newer drugs has been outpaced by the rate of resistance developed in microorganisms, thus requiring alternative combat strategies. For this purpose, nano-antimicrobials have emerged as a potential option.

Objective:

The current review is focused on providing a detailed account of nanocarriers like liposome, micelles, dendrimers, solid lipid NPs, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nano-suspensions, nano-emulsion, mesoporous silica and alginate-based drug delivery systems along with the recent updates on developments regarding nanoparticle-based therapeutics, vaccines and diagnostic methods developed or under pipeline with their potential benefits and limitations to combat mycobacterial diseases for their successful eradication from the world in future.

Results:

Distinct morphology and the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis and resistance development in this group of organisms urge improved and novel methods for the early and efficient diagnosis, treatment and vaccination to eradicate the disease. Recent developments in nanotechnology have the potential to meet both the aspects: nano-materials are proven components of several efficient targeted drug delivery systems and the typical physicochemical properties of several nano-formulations have shown to possess distinct bacteriocidal properties. Along with the therapeutic aspects, nano-vaccines and theranostic applications of nano-formulations have grown in popularity in recent times as an effective alternative means to combat different microbial superbugs.

Conclusion:

Nanomedicine holds a bright prospect to perform a key role in global tuberculosis elimination program.
Recent Advances in Synthesis and Uses of Heterocycles-based Palladium(II) Complexes as Robust, Stable, and Low-cost Catalysts for Suzuki- Miyaura Crosscouplings
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed R. , Farghaly Thoraya. A. , Khormi Afaf Y. , Farag Ahmad M.
Published: June 2019

C-C cross-couplings constitute the largest diversity of organic reactions of chemical, biomedical, and industrial significance. They are also among the most frequently encountered reactions used in the synthesis of numerous drugs and relevant pharmaceutical substances. Development of an easily accessed, efficient, stable, and low cost catalyst is an attractive area of research in such kind of organic synthesis. This review highlights the remarkable and recent achievements made recently in the synthesis and use of palladium(II) complexes catalysts, that are based on heterocycles as ligands in their constitution, in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.
STAT3: A Potential Drug Target for Tumor and Inflammation
Authors: Hu Yang Sheng , Han Xu , Liu Xin Hua
Published: June 2019

STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) is a cellular signal transcription factor involved in the regulation of many cellular activities, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis in normal cells. During the study of the STAT family, STAT3 was found to be involved in many diseases, such as high expression and sustained activation of STAT3 in tumor cells, promoting tumor growth and proliferation. In the study of inflammation, it was found that it plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory and repairing of damage tissues. Because of the important role of STAT3, a large number of studies have been obtained. At the same time, after more than 20 years of development, STAT3 has also been used as a target for drug therapy. And the discovery of small molecule inhibitors also promoted the study of STAT3. Since STAT3 has been extensively studied in inflammation and tumor regulation, this review presents the current state of research on STAT3.
Submandibular Lymphadenitis in an Immunocompetent Female: Microbiological Confirmation is Need of the Hour
Authors: Singhal Lipika , Kumari Pooja , Gupta Menal , Garg Kranti , Chander Jagdish
Published: June 2019

Background:

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections have been drawing interest recently because of their rising incidence not Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections have been drawing interest
recently because of their rising incidence not only in immunocompromised but also in immunocompetent
individuals. These are underdiagnosed in India, due to the lack of awareness and
a low index of suspicion. In regions endemic for tuberculosis (TB) such as India, presumptive
anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) is often prescribed. Non-response of NTM to the treatment may
be wrongly ascribed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This emphasizes the need to correctly
identify them before initiating therapy.only in immunocompromised but also in immunocompetent individuals. These are underdiagnosed in India, due to lack of awareness and a low index of suspicion. In regions endemic for tuberculosis (TB) such as India, presumptive anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) is often prescribed. Non-response of NTM to the treatment may be wrongly ascribed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This emphasizes the need to correctly identify them before initiating therapy. We describe the case of a young, healthy female patient who developed cervical lymphadenitis and was given presumptive ATT. Microbiological examination of aspirate revealed M. fortuitum. This not only rectified the course of treatment resulting in complete cure, but also spared the patient from significant side effects of ATT. This case is an awakening call for clinicians to avoid presumptive ATT.

Case Study:

We describe the case of a young, healthy female patient who developed cervical
lymphadenitis and was given presumptive ATT. Microbiological examination of aspirate revealed
M. fortuitum. This not only rectified the course of treatment resulting in complete cure, but also
spared the patient from significant side effects of ATT. This case is an awakening call for clinicians
to avoid presumptive ATT.
Behavioural and Ecological Keys to Urban Colonization by Little Ravens ()
Authors: Lill Alan , Hales Emma
Published: June 2019

Avian urban colonization is thought to be facilitated by a capacity for innovative feeding, ecological generalism
and social foraging. However, the relative importance in exploiting urban resources and avoiding urban predators of being
inherently ‘pre-adapted’ to the urban environment or adjusting to it through phenotypic plasticity requires more examination.
These issues were explored in a native ‘urban adapter’, the Little raven Corvus mellori, by comparing its foraging
ecology, group size and nest site use in Melbourne, Australia, and the surrounding exurban environment. Urban individuals
manipulated human food waste and gleaned from sealed surfaces more than exurban conspecifics (suggesting behavioural
flexibility), but foraging behaviour and substrate use were broadly similar in both environments (suggesting
‘preadaptation’). Little ravens foraged close to conspecifics and heterospecifics more frequently in the urban than the exurban
environment, but some potential dietary competitors rarely foraged near urban Little ravens, possibly indicating
some niche partitioning. Mean urban rate of agonistic interaction with other bird species was low (0.023 interactions per
foraging raven observed). Although displacement of a raven >10 m occurred in 61-70% of such interactions, the displaced
individual usually rapidly resumed foraging nearby. Thus aggressive, interspecific interference competition for food appeared
limited. Large groups of Little ravens were twice as common in the exurban as the urban environment, which was
inconsistent with the hypothesis that social foraging facilitated urban colonization. Nest tree type (predominantly eucalypts),
size and isolation were similar in urban and exurban environments, but urban nests were significantly more concealed.
We suggest that ‘preadaptation’, behavioural innovation and a relative lack of significant, interspecific food competition
have contributed to urban colonization by Little ravens.
Editorial: Introduction to Special Issue on Nutrition Education: Theory and Practice
Authors: Gaba Ann
Published: June 2019

A historical perspective on the education and training of
dietetics students from the 1940s was recently presented in
the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics [1].
This history showed the development of training methods
and practices as the profession evolved. Another recent paper
in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition [2] described
the need for nutrition education across disciplines in health
professions, both to promote interdisciplinary collaboration,
and to address the growing needs of the public for
information and guidance. These papers clearly show that
nutrition education has been important in the past, and will
continue to be so into the future
Perspectives on App Use Among Nutrition and Dietetics Professionals
Authors: Sharman Jyotsna , Ashby Susanne
Published: June 2019

Despite the proliferation and use of handheld technology tools (such as Smartphones and Tablet PCs) along with software applications within the general US populace, little is known regarding their specific use by dietetics practitioners and instructors. As part of a dietetics informatics project to develop useful visualizations from nutrition datasets, the researchers sought first to explore how those in the field viewed the use of these handheld devices. The authors describe an exploratory survey study intended to investigate the current uses of new technology tools such as personal digital assistants like Smartphones and Tablet PCs by dietetic practitioners and instructors (from institutes of higher education and from Extension programs). Results revealed that a majority either do not own the latest technology or, if they do, use it primarily for personal use. Results also demonstrated that the target audiences had minimal experience with emerging technologies such as apps and visualizations. However, results showed that the target audiences did have a strong interest in learning the use of these tools and applications within their field. Respondents offered many ideas for useful applications while indicating that they required more instruction in how to utilize nutrition visualizations and apps within their classroom or field.
Role of MicroRNA in the Diagnosis and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis A. , Sioutas Georgios , Mylonas Konstantinos S. , Tsoulfas Georgios
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant
tumors in the world and comes third in cancer-induced mortality. The need for improved and more
specific diagnostic methods that can detect early-stage disease is immense, as it is amenable to curative
modalities, while advanced HCC is associated with low survival rates. microRNA (miRNA) expression
is deregulated in HCC and this can be implemented both diagnostically and therapeutically.

Objective:

To provide a concise review on the role of miRNA in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
of HCC.

Method:

We conducted a comprehensive review of the PubMed bibliographic database.

Results:

Multiple miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. Measurement of the levels of
these miRNAs either in tumor tissue or in the blood constitutes a promising diagnostic, as well as
prognostic tool. OncomiRs are miRNAs that promote tumorigenesis, thus inhibiting them by administering
antagomiRs is a promising treatment option. Moreover, replacement of the depleted miRNAs
is another potential therapeutic approach for HCC. Modification of miRNA levels may also regulate
sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents.

Conclusion:

miRNA play a pivotal role in HCC pathogenesis and once the underlying mechanisms
are elucidated, they will become part of everyday clinical practice against HCC.
Эффект Пула-Френкеля в поликристаллическом сульфиде европия
Authors: Казанин М.М. , Каминский В.В. , Гревцев М.А.
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe field and temperature dependences of the electrical conductivity of europium sulfide are studied in the temperature range 160–430 K. It is found that the electrical conductivity increases in strong electric fields of up to 2 × 10^4 V/cm by the Poole–Frenkel mechanism.
Эволюция физико-химических свойств поверхности GaSb(100) в растворах сульфида аммония
Authors: Лебедев М.В. , Львова Т.В. , Шахмин А.Л. , Рахимова О.В. , Дементьев П.А. , Седова И.В.
Published: June 2019

AbstractVarious conditions of passivation of the GaSb(100) surface by ammonium sulfide ((NH_4)_2S) solutions depending on the solution concentration, solvent, and treatment time are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy. It is shown that treatment of the GaSb(100) surface by any (NH_4)_2S solution leads to removal of the native oxide layer from the semiconductor surface and the formation of a passivating layer consisting of various gallium and antimony sulfides and oxides. The surface with the lowest roughness (RMS = 0.85 nm) is formed after semiconductor treatment with 4% aqueous ammonium sulfide solution for 30 min. Herewith, the atomic concentration ratio Ga/Sb at the surface is ~2. It is also found that aqueous ammonium sulfide solutions do not react with elemental antimony incorporated into the native-oxide layer. The latter causes a leakage current and Fermi-level pinning at the GaSb(100) surface. However, a 4% (NH_4)_2S solution in isopropanol removes elemental antimony almost completely; herewith, the semiconductor surface remains stoichiometric if a treatment duration is up to 13 min.
Ориентационные соотношения при структурном превращении моноклинной и кубической фаз в сульфиде серебра
Authors: Садовников С.И. , Ремпель А.А.
Published: June 2019

Based on the experimental data on high-temperature X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy of silver sulfide, the orientation relationships between the low-temperature monoclinic semiconductor acantite alfa-Ag2S and the high-temperature body-centered argentite beta-Ag2S are determined. It is found that, in contrast to acanthite, the possible distances between silver atoms in a cubic argentite are too small for the positions of the metal sublattice to be occupied by Ag atoms with a probability of 1. It is shown that the acanthite (010) and (001) atomic planes are parallel to the planes ( 1-10) and (221) of argentite, respectively. The orientational relationships found between acanthite and argentite are important for understanding the physical action of the Ag2S/Ag heteronanostructure, considered as a potential basis for creating resistive switches and nonvolatile memory devices.
Размерная зависимость температуры плавления наночастиц кремния: молекулярно-динамическое и термодинамическое моделирование
Authors: Талызин И.В. , Самсонов М.В. , Самсонов В.М. , Пушкарь М.Ю. , Дронников В.В.
Published: June 2019

Size dependence of the melting temperature of Si nanoparticles has been investigated combining molecular dynamics and thermodynamic simulation based on Thomson’s formula. The results of the atomistic simulation obtained by using the Stillinger-Weber potential agree with the results of other authors and with the thermodynamic simulation results predicting that the melting temperature T_m of Si nanoparticles diminishes under increasing their reciprocal radius R^(-1) following to the linear law. The available experimental data predict much lower values of T_m, including underestimated values of the limiting value T_m^((∞)) found by means of the linear extrapolation of experimental dots to R^(-1)→0 (i.e. to the particle radius R→∞), and the underestimation of T_m^((∞)) ranges from 200 to 300 K in comparison with the melting point 1688 K of the bulk crystalline Si. Taking into account the results obtained and their comparison with available results of other authors, a conclusion is made that molecular dynamics results, obtained by using the Stillinger-Weber potential, should be more adequate than the available experimental data on the melting temperature of Si nanoparticles.
Особенности начальной стадии гетероэпитаксии слоев кремния на германии при их выращивании из гидридов кремния
Authors: Орлов Л.К. , Ивина Н.Л. , Боженкин В.А.
Published: June 2019

AbstractData on the dependence of the growth rate of Si layers deposited onto Ge(111) by the hydride method on their thickness at the initial heteroepitaxy stage are reported. The effect of a Ge substrate within ten grown silicon single layers on the Si-film growth rate is demonstrated. Based on the data obtained, the kinetic coefficients responsible for the rate of the main physicochemical processes related to the interaction of hydride molecular beams with the growth surface are calculated. An analysis of the capture probability and rates of pyrolysis of the adsorbed Si(Ge) hydride molecules on the pure Ge(Si) surfaces reveals the dependence of their behavior on the growing-layer thickness. Comparison of the results obtained during Si-layer growth on Ge shows that the pure germanium surface has higher adsorption and catalytic abilities with respect to silane molecules than the pure Si surface. The unstrained pure Si surface has higher adsorption and catalytic characteristics with respect to Ge-hydride molecules.
Морфологические и структурные особенности формирования наночастиц на основе оксида железа при вакуумно-дуговом распылении
Authors: Карпов И.В. , Ушаков А.В. , Фёдоров Л.Ю. , Дорожкина Е.А. , Карпова О.Н. , Шайхадинов А.А. , Дёмин В.Г. , Демченко А.И. , Брунгардт М.В. , Гончарова Е.А.
Published: June 2019

Ferrite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were obtained in low-pressure arc discharge plasma. Studies have shown that the obtained nanoparticles have an average particle size of 9.4 nm, the crystalline phase of magnetite, have superparamegnets at room temperature, and a blocking temperature of 89 K. The behavior of nanoparticles in a magnetic field associated with a large specific surface is discussed.
Фазовые переходы в жесткой доменной структуре феррит-гранатовой пленки
Authors: Сирюк Ю.А. , Безус А.В. , Бондарь Е.Д. , Кононенко В.В.
Published: June 2019

Spontaneous and magnetic field-induced phase transitions in a rigid domain structure of a uniaxial ferrite-garnet film are studied. It is shown that the temperature and field stability intervals of the lattice of cylindrical magnetic domains depend on the structure of the domain boundaries.
Упругие свойства монокристалла FeGe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Зайнуллина Р.И. , Миляев М.А.
Published: June 2019

The results of the investigation of temperature dependences of longitudinal and torsional sound wave velocities and the internal friction of FeGe2 tetragonal single crystal along [100], [110] and [001] crystallographic axes have been presented. At temperatures of magnetic phase transitions of T1≈263 K and T2≈289 K an abrupt decrease of sound velocities is observed. The profound anisotropy of the internal friction is detected in the region of the existence of incommensurate magnetic structure (T1≤T≤T2).
Сверхвысокочастотный пробой воздуха, инициированный помещенным на диэлектрической поверхности электромагнитным вибратором
Authors: Булат П.В. , Грачев Л.П. , Есаков И.И. , Раваев А.А. , Северинов Л.Г.
Published: June 2019

New results of experimental investigations of the possibility and conditions of initiation of electric breakdown of air in a quasi-optical microwave beam with a subcritical field level are described. The breakdown is initiated by a linear electromagnetic (EM) vibrator placed in a traveling EM wave on the surface of the dielectric sheet facing toward the wave vector k, on its opposite surface and near it. Simultaneously, theoretical calculations of the induced electric field near its ends were carried out for all variants of the vibrator location considered in the experiments. Numerical estimates and experimental results have shown that the placement of the vibrator on the surface of a dielectric plate can initiate a breakdown of air at significantly lower levels of the EM field in the microwave beam compared to the case of placing the vibrator in “free space”, i.e.at the absence of any dielectric plates
Флексомагнитный и флексоантиферромагнитный эффекты в центроантисимметричных антиферромагнетиках
Authors: Кабыченков А.Ф. , Лисовский Ф.В.
Published: June 2019

AbstractA concept of magnetic symmetry is used to show that centrosymmetric antiferromagnetic materials may exhibit linear flexomagnetic and flexoantiferromagnetic effects (magnetization induced by gradient of elastic stress or gradient of antiferromagnetic moment, respectively).
Влияние токового отжига на температурные зависимости магнитоимпеданса в аморфных микропроводах
Authors: Джумъазода А. , Панина Л.В. , Неъматов М.Г. , Юданов Н.А. , Табаров Ф.С. , Морченко A.T. , Ухасов А.А.
Published: June 2019

Miniaturization of material’s size is the key feature in many technological applications, in particular, in sensor systems. To achieve this goal, Taylor-Ulitovski technique was employed to produce microwires with very small (from 0.2 up to 100 µm) diameters. Ferromagnetic amorphous microwires exhibit giant magnetoimpedance effect (GMI) which is useful to develop high performance magnetic sensors. Since the discovery of GMI, a considerable amount of interest was devoted to enhancing sensitivity with respect to various external stimuli (magnetic field, stress, temperature). On the other hand, GMI sensing elements should have high environment stability. In the present work, a comprehensive study of the temperature effects on the magnetoimpedance behavior in amorphous microwires is conducted. The wires under investigations of the composition Co60.51Fe3.99Cr12.13B13.53Si9.84 have a relatively high Curie temperature (>300 ℃) but may demonstrate considerable temperature dependence in the intermediate temperature range (<100 ℃) of dc and ac magnetic properties. We showed that the as-casted wires exhibited a notable change in magnetic anisotropy, from circumferential to an axial anisotropy, owing to the internal stress relaxation. This is accompanied by huge variation in the magnetoimpedance behavior: the impedance vs magnetic- field plots change shape: from two symmetrical peaks to a single central peak. Current annealing (dc current of 25 mA magnitude for 60 min) was proposed to achieve a thermal stabilization of the magnetization processes and magnetoimpedance in glass-coated amorphous wires.
Ограничение допустимой коэрцитивной силы, вызванное полем рассеяния магнита
Authors: Моисеева Н.С. , Резчикова И.И. , Королев Д.В. , Моргунов Р.Б. , Пискорский В.П.
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is shown that the shape of a sample determines the allowed lower-bound limit of the coercive force of material that can be used for fabrication of magnets with the given shape. Rings with radial magnetization are used as examples to show that such samples can be made of only rare-earth alloys with the coercive force that is sufficiently high to satisfy technical requirements at the maximum allowed working temperature of the magnet.