bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image‐Based Control for Aerial Manipulation
Authors: Mebarki Rafik , Lippiello Vincenzo
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a new image‐based servo control scheme that endows an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a robotic arm with the capability of automatically positioning elements on target objects. Through a new formalism, the proposed visual servo scheme controls both theUAVand the manipulator simultaneously. It takes into account the whole system redundancy as well as the peculiarity of under‐actuation related to rotary‐wing crafts. While it controls the system at the velocity level, it makes use of the mobility afforded by theUAVand the dexterity inherent to robot manipulators. The case of large initial errors is explicitly addressed. Results of simulations are reported to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
From waste‐to‐worth: energy, emissions, and nutrient implications of manure processing pathways
Authors: Aguirre‐Villegas Horacio Andres , Larson Rebecca , Reinemann Douglas J.
Published: May 2014

Four manure processing pathways are evaluated to provide a system‐level understanding of their impacts on different sustainability indicators. In particular we look at how solid‐liquid separation (SLS), anaerobic digestion (AD), and AD + SLS affect depletion of fossil fuels (DFF), nutrient balances, global warming potential (GWP), and ammonia emissions when compared to the base‐case (BC) pathway of direct land application. Lifecycle sustainability assessment techniques are applied to develop inventory data and model a Wisconsin dairy farm. For the BC, net GWP is 101.2 kg CO2‐eq, DFFS is 106.1 MJ, ammonia emissions are 2.62 kg, and nitrogen availability is 2.45 kg per ton of excreted manure. Net GWP is reduced in all pathways compared to BC by 19% for SLS, 48% for AD, and 47% for AD + SLS. DFF is reduced by 43% for AD and 40% for AD + SLS, but increased by 13% for SLS. Ammonia emissions are increased in all pathways by 2% for SLS, 40% for AD, and 44% for AD + SLS. Nitrogen availability remains the same in SLS but decreases in AD and AD + SLS due to higher ammonia volatilization, which could be reduced by injecting manure. Ratios of fossil energy (FERAD) and energy return on investment (EROIAD) of 3.7 and 0.98–1.8 are determined for AD pathways, compared to FER of 0.29 and EROI of 0.27 for grid electricity. When allocating results to specific outputs, variability can be reduced by applying system subdivision and allocation. Sensitivity analyses highlight the importance of reducing emissions during manure storage and the influence of changes in fertilizer and sand bedding. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Search, engineering, and applications of new oxidative biocatalysts
Authors: Martínez Angel T. , Ruiz‐Dueñas Francisco J. , Gutiérrez Ana , del Río José C. , Alcalde Miguel , Liers Christiane , Ullrich René , Hofrichter Martin , Scheibner Katrin , Kalum Lisbeth , Vind Jesper , Lund Henrik
Published: May 2014

Most industrial enzymes are hydrolases, such as glycosidases and esterases. However, oxidoreductases have an unexploited potential for substituting harsh (and scarcely selective) chemical processes. A group of basidiomycetes are the only organisms degrading the aromatic lignin polymer, enabling the subsequent use of plant polysaccharides. Therefore, these fungi and their ligninolytic peroxidases are the biocatalysts of choice for industrial delignification and oxidative biotransformations of aromatic and other organic compounds. The latter also include oxygenation reactions, which are catalyzed with high regio/stereo selectivity by fungal peroxygenases. In search for novel and more robust peroxidases/peroxygenases, basidiomycetes from unexplored habitats were screened, and hundreds of genes identified in basidiomycete genomes (in collaboration with the DOE JGI). The most interesting genes were heterologously expressed, and the corresponding enzymes structurally‐functionally characterized. The information obtained enabled us to improve the enzyme operational and catalytic properties by directed mutagenesis. However, the structural‐functional relationships explaining some desirable properties are not established yet and, therefore, their introduction was addressed by ‘non‐rational’ directed evolution. Then, over 100 oxidative biotransformations were analyzed. Among them, it is noteworthy to mention the regio/stereo selective hydroxylation of long/short‐chain alkanes (a chemically challenging reaction), epoxidation of alkenes, and production of hydroxy‐fatty acids. Concerning aromatic oxygenations, the regioselective hydroxylation of flavonoids, and stereoselective hydroxylation/epoxidation of alkyl/alkenyl‐benzenes were among the most remarkable reactions, together with enzymatic hydroxylation of benzene (as an alternative for harsh chemical process). Finally, peroxidases and peroxygenases also showed a potential as delignification biocatalysts and in the decolorization of contaminant dyes from textile industries. © 2014 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefi ning published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solutions to shortage of liver grafts for transplantation
Authors: Dutkowski P , Clavien P-A
Published: May 2014

Increasing the donor supply
Magnetic Superhydrophobic Polymer Nanosphere Cage as a Framework for Miceller Catalysis in Biphasic Media
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Wang Jianli , Chen Hualiang , Feng Linbin , Jing Ren , Lu Meizhen , Hu Bao , Ji Jianbing
Published: May 2014

This study demonstrated the use of a magnetic superhydrophobic polymer nanosphere cage derived from a Pickering emulsion as a framework for miceller catalysis in biphasic media. We designed this system through the covalent stabilisation of active site (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl)‐grafted amphiphiles onto the magnetic hydrophobic core to form a micelle‐like architecture and used it as a Pickering emulsifier to develop a new kind of micelle‐catalysed biphasic system. The catalysis results reveal that these fixed micelle‐tethered 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl catalysts demonstrate much higher activity than their soluble counterparts in the biphasic Montanari oxidation of alcohols, which could be due to the unique properties of Pickering emulsion and miceller catalysis. In addition, the excellent magnetic response ensures the efficient recycling of the catalyst by magnetic decantation. The catalyst can be recycled at least 10 times without significant loss of activity or degradation of magnetic susceptibility. Moreover, this study demonstrates that this new Pickering emulsion‐based and micelle‐catalysed biphasic system is technically simple and practically applicable.
An Extension Sample Classification‐Based Extreme Learning Machine Ensemble Method for Process Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Xu Yuan , Chen Yan Jing , Zhu Qun Xiong
Published: May 2014

In order to achieve higher accuracy and faster response in complex process fault diagnosis, an extension sample classification‐based extreme learning machine ensemble (ESC‐ELME) method is proposed. In the realization process, the extension sample classification is used to divide the fault types. For each fault type, a specific extreme learning machine (ELM) is established and trained independently. Then, all specific ELMs are integrated to determine which fault is happened by the majority voting method. The proposed ESC‐ELME method is compared with the traditional ELM and a duty‐oriented hierarchical artificial neural network in fault diagnosis of the Tennessee Eastman process. The results demonstrate that the proposed method provides higher diagnosis accuracy and faster response.
A Photoresponsive Wettability Switch Based on a Dimethylamino Calix[4]arene
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhao Haiyang , Tian Demei , Deng Hongtao , Li Haibing
Published: May 2014

A photoreversible switch based on a photoresponsive host–guest system consisting of dimethylamino calix[4]arene L and 4‐(phenylazo)benzoic acid (O) is reported. The host L exhibited selective binding and release of O on UV and visible irradiation at 450 and 365 nm, respectively. Moreover, the photoresponsive host–guest complex was applied as a photocontrolled wettability switch on a functional micro/nanostructured silicon surface, and is thus promising for applications in sensors and microfluidic devices.
Problems in Processing of Metalliferous Composites from Lithium‐Containing Electrical Devices and Batteries
Authors: Jäckel H.‐Georg , Wuschke Lutz , Peuker Urs A.
Published: May 2014

Die Verknappung metallischer Ressourcen führt zu Bemühungen, auch komplizierte Werkstoffmischungen einer wirtschaftlichen Aufbereitung zuzuführen. Auftretende Probleme erfordern eine Erweiterung des Recyclingbegriffs analog zur Primärrohstoffaufbereitung. Ausgehend von einer allgemeinen Klassifizierung der Werkstoffverbunde werden anhand lithiumhhaltiger Gerätebatterien die Aufkommenssituation, Probleme der Erfassung und Charakterisierung, verschiedene Aufbereitungsszenarien sowie eigene Ergebnisse vorgestellt. Anhand der Werthaltigkeit wird versucht, die Grenzen einer wirtschaftlichen Aufbereitung aufzuzeigen.
Minimum profile Hellinger distance estimation for a semiparametric mixture model
Authors: Xiang Sijia , Yao Weixin , Wu Jingjing
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we propose a new effective estimator for a class of semiparametric mixture models where one component has known distribution with possibly unknown parameters while the other component density and the mixing proportion are unknown. Such semiparametric mixture models have been often used in multiple hypothesis testing and the sequential clustering algorithm. The proposed estimator is based on the minimum profile Hellinger distance (MPHD), and its theoretical properties are investigated. In addition, we use simulation studies to illustrate the finite sample performance of the MPHD estimator and compare it with some other existing approaches. The empirical studies demonstrate that the new method outperforms existing estimators when data are generated under contamination and works comparably to existing estimators when data are not contaminated. Applications to two real data sets are also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the new methodology.The Canadian Journal of Statistics42: 246–267; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Graphical lassos for meta‐elliptical distributions
Authors: Bilodeau Martin
Published: May 2014

Gaussian graphical lasso is a tool for estimating sparse graphs using a Gaussian log‐likelihood with anpenalty on the inverse covariance matrix. This paper proposes a generalization to meta‐elliptical distributions. Conditional uncorrelatedness is characterized in meta‐elliptical families. The proposed meta‐elliptical and re‐weighted Kendall graphical lassos are computed from pseudo‐observations which are functions of ranks of observations. They are invariant to strictly increasing transformations of the variables and do not assume the existence of moments. Simulations of receiver operating characteristic curves show noticeable improvements (in comparison with graphical lassos designed for meta‐Gaussian distributions) for distributions which are not meta‐Gaussian. These improvements are realized without ill effects when the distribution is meta‐Gaussian. Deterministic and random contaminations of data are used to verify the robustness of the re‐weighted Kendall graphical lasso.The Canadian Journal of Statistics42: 185–203; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
3‐(2‐Oxoethylidene)indolin‐2‐one Derivatives Activate Nrf2 and Inhibit NF‐κB: Potential Candidates for Chemoprevention
Authors: Nagle Amrita A. , Reddy Shridhivya A. , Bertrand Helene , Tajima Hisashi , Dang Truong‐Minh , Wong Siew‐Cheng , Hayes John D. , Wells Geoffrey , Chew Eng‐Hui
Published: May 2014

Induction of cytoprotective phase 2 enzymes through inhibition of Keap1, a repressor of transcription factor Nrf2, is a cancer‐prevention strategy. Compounds that elicit antiinflammatory and cytoprotective effects are promising candidates for chemoprevention. Novel analogues of 1‐methyl‐3‐(2‐oxopropylidene)indolin‐2‐one (‘supercinnamaldehyde’; SCA) were synthesized, and their abilities to induce cytoprotective responses through Nrf2 induction and to suppress inflammatory responses were examined. 1‐Methyl‐3‐(2‐oxo‐2‐phenylethylidene)indolin‐2‐one (6) was identified as the lead compound. The compounds showed induction of Nrf2‐dependent phase 2 enzymes in Keap1+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which was abrogated in Keap1−/− MEFs. The compounds also displayed a suppressive effect on NF‐κB signaling that was at least partly responsible for inhibition of lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammatory responses. These SCA analogues exhibited cytoprotective and anti‐inflammatory activities and may be developed further as chemopreventive agents.
Elastic–viscoplastic modeling of soft biological tissues using a mixed finite element formulation based on the relative deformation gradient
Authors: Weickenmeier J. , Jabareen M.
Published: May 2014

The characteristic highly nonlinear, time‐dependent, and often inelastic material response of soft biological tissues can be expressed in a set of elastic–viscoplastic constitutive equations. The specific elastic–viscoplastic model for soft tissues proposed by Rubin and Bodner (2002) is generalized with respect to the constitutive equations for the scalar quantity of the rate of inelasticity and the hardening parameter in order to represent a general framework for elastic–viscoplastic models. A strongly objective integration scheme and a new mixed finite element formulation were developed based on the introduction of the relative deformation gradient—the deformation mapping between the last converged and current configurations. The numerical implementation of both the generalized framework and the specific Rubin and Bodner model is presented. As an example of a challenging application of the new model equations, the mechanical response of facial skin tissue is characterized through an experimental campaign based on the suction method. The measurement data are used for the identification of a suitable set of model parameters that well represents the experimentally observed tissue behavior. Two different measurement protocols were defined to address specific tissue properties with respect to the instantaneous tissue response, inelasticity, and tissue recovery. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting at Semiconductor Electrodes: Fundamental Problems and New Perspectives
Authors: Peter Laurence M. , Upul Wijayantha K. G.
Published: May 2014

Some fundamental aspects of light‐driven water splitting at semiconductor electrodes are reviewed along with recent experimental and theoretical progress. The roles of thermodynamics and kinetics in defining criteria for successful water‐splitting systems are examined. An overview of recent research is given that places emphasis on new electrode materials, theoretical advances and the development of semi‐quantitative experimental methods to study the dynamics of light‐driven water‐splitting reactions. Key areas are identified that will need particular attention as the search continues for stable, efficient and cost‐effective light‐driven photoelectrolysis systems that exploit electron/hole separation in semiconductor/electrolyte junctions.
Novel Nanoscroll Structures from Carbon Nitride Layers
Authors: Perim Eric , Galvao Douglas S.
Published: May 2014

Nanoscrolls (papyrus‐like nanostructures) are very attractive structures for a variety of applications, owing to their tunable diameter and large accessible surface area. They have been successfully synthesized from different materials. In this work, we investigate, through fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, the dynamics of scroll formation for a series of graphene‐like carbon nitride (CN) two‐dimensional systems: g‐CN, triazine‐based g‐C3N4, and heptazine‐based g‐C3N4. Our results show that stable nanoscrolls can be formed for each of these structures. Possible synthetic routes to produce these nanostructures are also addressed.
Delay constraint multipath routing for wireless multimedia ad hoc networks
Authors: Sun Yanjing , Sun Jianguang , Zhao Fangfang , Hu Zhuoxian
Published: May 2014

According to the disadvantages of real time and continuity for multimedia services in ad hoc networks, a delay constraint multipath routing protocol for wireless multimedia ad hoc networks, which can satisfy quality of service (QoS) requirement (QoS multipath optimized link state routing [MOLSR]), is proposed. The protocol firstly detects and analyzes the link delay among the nodes and collects the delay information as the routing metric by HELLO message and topology control message. Then, through using the improved multipath Dijkstra algorithm for path selection, the protocol can gain the minimum delay path from the source node to the other nodes. Finally, when the route is launched, several node‐disjoint or link‐disjoint multipaths will be built through the route computation. The simulation and test results show that QoS‐MOLSR is suitable for large and dense networks with heavy traffic. It can improve the real time and reliability for multimedia transmission in wireless multimedia ad hoc networks. The average end‐to‐end delay of QoS‐MOLSR is four times less than the optimized link state routing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profound defects in β‐cell function in screen‐detected type 2 diabetes are not improved with glucose‐lowering treatment in the Early Diabetes Intervention Program (EDIP)
Authors: Hannon Tamara S. , Kirkman M. S. , Patel Yash R. , Considine Robert V. , Mather Kieren J.
Published: May 2014

Background

Few studies have measured the ability of interventions to affect declining β‐cell function in screen‐detected type 2 diabetes. The Early Diabetes Intervention Programme (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01470937) was a randomized study based on the hypothesis that improving postprandial glucose excursions with acarbose would slow the progression of fasting hyperglycaemia in screen‐detected type 2 diabetes. In the Early Diabetes Intervention Programme, the effect of acarbose plus lifestyle advice on progression of fasting hyperglycaemia over a 5‐year period was not greater than that of placebo. However, there was an early glucose‐lowering effect of the trial. The objective of the current secondary analysis was to describe β‐cell function changes in response to glucose lowering.

Methods

Participants were overweight adult subjects with screen‐detected type 2 diabetes. β‐cell function was measured using hyperglycaemic clamps and oral glucose tolerance testing. The primary outcome was the change in β‐cell function from baseline to year 1, the time point where the maximal glucose‐lowering effect was seen.

Results

At baseline, participants exhibited markedly impaired first‐phase insulin response. Despite significant reductions in weight, fasting plasma glucose (PG) and 2‐h PG, there was no clinically significant improvement in the first‐phase insulin response. Late‐phase insulin responses declined despite beneficial glycaemic effects of interventions.

Conclusions

Insulin secretion is already severely impaired in early, screen‐detected type 2 diabetes. Effective glucose‐lowering intervention with acarbose was not sufficient to improve insulin secretion or halt the decline of β‐cell function. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of degradation kinetics and physicochemical stability of tenofovir
Authors: Agrahari Vivek , Putty Sandeep , Mathes Christiane , Murowchick James B. , Youan Bi‐Botti C.
Published: May 2014

Tenofovir (TFV) has been proven to prevent the transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) through the vagina. But, there is little information available about its stability under various storage and stress conditions. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the degradation behavior and physicochemical stability of TFV using liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) and solid state X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The LC‐MS analysis was performed on a QTrap mass spectrometer with an enhanced mass spectrum (EMS) scan in positive mode. A reversed phase C18 column was used as the stationary phase. TFV exhibited degradation under acidic and alkaline hydrolytic conditions. The degradation products with m/z 289.2 and 170 amu have been proposed as 6‐Hydroxy adenine derivative of TFV, and (2‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yloxy) methylphosphonic acid, respectively. A pseudo‐first‐order degradation kinetic allowed for estimating the shelf‐life, half‐life, and time required for 90% degradation of 3.84, 25.34, and 84.22 h in acidic conditions, and 58.26, 384.49, and 1277.75 h in alkaline conditions, respectively. No significant degradation was observed at pH 4.5 (normal cervicovaginal pH) and oxidative stress conditions of 3% and 30% v/v hydrogen peroxide solutions. The shelf life of TFV powder at room temperature was 23 months as calculated by using an Arrhenius plot. The XRD pattern showed that the drug was stable and maintained its original crystallinity under the accelerated and thermal stress conditions applied. Stability analyses revealed that the TFV was stable in various stress conditions; however, formulation strategies should be implemented to protect it in strong acidic and alkaline environments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro test system for evaluation of immune activation potential of new single‐stranded DNA‐based therapeutics
Authors: Avci‐Adali Meltem , Hann Ludmilla , Michel Tatjana , Steinle Heidrun , Stoppelkamp Sandra , Stang Katharina , Narita Miwako , Schlensak Christian , Wendel Hans P.
Published: May 2014

Aptamers are synthetic single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules with the ability to fold into complex three‐dimensional structures. They can bind their targets with a high selectivity and affinity, thus they have an enormous potential as therapeutic agents. However, since aptamers are synthetic and especially since certain sequences can increasingly bind to the pattern recognition receptors of the immune cells when applied in vivo, they can induce an immune activation. Here, we established a real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) based assay to evaluate aptamers‐induced immune activation prior to in vivo studies. Human whole blood or plasmacytoid dendritic cell line (PMDC05) were incubated with CpG, R10‐60 aptamer, start library, or a CpG containing aptamer. After 2 and 4 h, cytokine expression was measured using qRT‐PCR to determine immune reaction against different aptamers. CpG containing a phosphorothioate backbone led to a significant up‐regulation of CCL‐7, IFN‐1α, IFN‐1β in whole blood after 4 h. Compared to the samples without ssDNA, significantly higher TNF‐α expression was detected after the R10‐60 aptamer incubation for 4 h. The stimulation of PMDC05 cells with different ssDNA enabled more sensitive detection of aptamer sequence specific immune activation. After 4 h, CpG led to a significantly higher expression of CCL‐8, CXCL‐10, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IFN‐1β, and TNF‐α. R10‐60 aptamer caused a significant up‐regulation of IL‐1β, IFN‐1β, and TNF‐α. Negative control aptamers did not induce an immune activation. The use of this assay before starting with in vivo studies will facilitate the in vitro prediction of immune activation potential of aptamers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nerve Agent Degradation with Polyoxoniobates
Authors: Kinnan Mark K. , Creasy William R. , Fullmer Lauren B. , Schreuder‐Gibson Heidi L. , Nyman May
Published: May 2014

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of May Nyman in the Department of Chemistry at Oregon State University, along with Mark Kinnan (Sandia National Laboratories), Heidi Schreuder‐Gibson (U.S. Army Natick), and Bill Creasy (Edgewood Chemical Biological Center). The cover image shows the degradation of nerve gas upon encountering a net of polyoxoniobate Lindqvist ions.
Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Sulfinylamino Isocyanides and 2‐Imidazolines
Authors: Janssen Guido V. , Vicente‐García Esther , Vogel Wouter , Slootweg J. Chris , Ruijter Eelco , Lammertsma Koop , Orru Romano V. A.
Published: May 2014

An efficient asymmetric synthesis of β‐sulfinylamino isocyanides is reported on the basis of the highly diastereoselective addition of 9‐isocyanofluorene to optically pure N‐tert‐butanesulfinimines. The resulting optically pure isocyanides readily cyclized to give optically pure 2‐imidazolines upon removal of the sulfinyl group. Furthermore, the β‐sulfinylamino isocyanides were used as chiral inputs in Ugi and Passerini multicomponent reactions to generate new types of (pseudo)peptide scaffolds.
Good Neighbours
Authors: Hinz Thomas , Wöhler Thomas , Freitag Markus
Published: May 2014

How does social integration take place away from disadvantaged areas with social problems? A German‐Swiss study is examining how migrants and locals in small and medium‐sized towns live together.
The Fuel of Intimacy
Authors: Unterstell Rembert
Published: May 2014

In the media, it's often described as the “cuddle hormone” or the “orgasm hormone”. But oxytocin is also attracting a lot of attention among scientists. Biopsychologist Markus Heinrichs talks about the unique qualities and secrets of this hormone — and its possible use in psychotherapy for people with severe social disorders.
Open Secret
Authors: Beutelspacher Albrecht
Published: May 2014

The science of encryption is entering new territory. The RSA algorithm opened the door to public key cryptography, but fundamental mathematical problems remain to be solved before we can use it for applications such as electronic payment.
Colourful Diversity
Authors: Gottschalk Thomas , Sudfeldt Christoph
Published: May 2014

More grassland, more hedgerows, more maize? Land‐use scenarios help us to understand how species diversity can be increased in Germany's agricultural landscapes. The necessary data is being gathered by monitoring ten bird species in their natural habitats.
Transoral robotic excision of ectopic lingual thyroid: Case series and literature review
Authors: Prisman Eitan , Patsias Alexis , Genden Eric M.
Published: May 2014

Background

Surgical excision of an ectopic lingual thyroid has traditionally been associated with significant morbidity and has therefore been reserved for patients with severe obstructive symptoms or suspected malignancy. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has provided a minimally invasive approach to completely and safely excise ectopic lingual thyroid.

Methods

Three index cases were identified from the detailed clinical database of TORS patients. A systematic review of the management of ectopic lingual thyroid in the English literature was performed.

Results

TORS‐assisted excision of a lingual thyroid gland was successfully performed in 3 patients with excellent functional outcomes

Conclusion

TORS‐assisted excision of an ectopic lingual thyroid is a safe and feasible treatment modality with minimal morbidity, and, in experienced hands, should be offered as a valid treatment for this pathology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E88–E91, 2015
Structural Characterization of the Drug Translocation Path of MRP1/ABCC1
Authors: Amram Shay , Ganoth Assaf , Tichon Or , Peer Dan , Nachliel Esther , Gutman Menachem , Tsfadia Yossi
Published: May 2014

The rapid clearance of drugs from human cells is carried out by MRP1 and other proteins of the ABC transporter superfamily. Selective mutations carried out by DeGorter indicated that replacement of Y324 by phenylalanine (but not by tryptophan or alanine) enhances the capacity of the protein to extrude various drugs. In this study we investigate the effect of mutation on the structure of the isolated transmembrane domain of MRP1 through molecular dynamics simulations of the protein embedded in a POPC membrane. The simulations reveal a persistent tendency of the translocation path to experience a partial constriction, losing ∼50 % of the water inside the conducting path. While the Wt, Y324W and Y324A transporters all experienced the same constriction, the Y324F transporter, the one having a higher clearance rate than the Wt, retains a fully open configuration. The structure of the Y324F mutant reveals an alternate set of stabilizing interactions that force a kink in transmembrane helix 6, which keeps the protein in a fully open outward‐facing configuration thus providing a molecular‐level account for the higher activity of the mutant. The ability of the simulations to corroborate the experimental observations implies that the homology model of MRP1 is a proper representation of the internal interactions between the residues in the protein, and can be used as a reliable model for studying the human multidrug resistance function of the MRP1 protein.
From Catalytic Mechanism to Rational Design of Reversible Covalent Inhibitors of Serine and Cysteine Hydrolases
Authors: Shokhen Michael , Hirsch Michal , Khazanov Netaly , Ozeri Rachel , Perlman Nurit , Traube Tamar , Vijayakumar Subramaniam , Albeck Amnon
Published: May 2014

Mechanistic studies of catalysis and the inhibition of serine and cysteine proteases afford new and sometimes surprising insights, challenging conventional dogmas in enzymology. The intrinsic source of the difference in the catalytic mechanisms of serine and cysteine hydrolases, the origin of the stability of the enzymeinhibitor complex in serine proteases, and the structures and mechanisms of catalysis and inhibition in cysteine proteases are not just intellectually interesting; our findings provide a mechanistic basis to understand the trend in the binding affinity of “warheads” of reversible covalent (reaction coordinate analogue, RCA) inhibitors. The theoretically derived covalent descriptors W1 and W2 differentiate serine and cysteine hydrolases and account for the energetic contribution of the new covalent bond in the enzymeinhibitor complex. The W1 and W2 descriptors are at the heart of our enzyme mechanism based method (EMBM); a new computer‐assisted drug design tool for the filtration of inhibitor warheads by activity. EMBM is unique because it accounts for both covalent and noncovalent interactions of RCA inhibitors with their target enzymes.
The Molecular Controlled Semiconductor Resistor: A Universal Sensory Technology
Authors: Capua Eyal , Kumar Tatikonda Anand , Tkachev Maria , Naaman Ron
Published: May 2014

We review some of the sensors based on the molecular control semiconductor resistor (MOCSER) technology. The technology can be applied for developing highly sensitive and selective molecular sensors that operate both in gas and in liquid environments. Specifically, we describe here a set of GaAs gas‐phase sensors based on an array constructed from several elements, each coated with a different sensing molecule. Coating the same semiconductor device with an ultrathin polymer layer also allows the use of the device in a harsh liquid environment and in performing measurements in physiological liquids. Hence, the MOCSER‐based platform opens the way for producing inexpensive, easy to use, and robust sensors for a wide variety of applications.
Motivation and expectancy influences in placebo responding: The mediating role of attention
Authors: Aigner Carrie , Svanum Soren
Published: May 2014

Drawing upon research in perception and motivation, the current study proposes a motivation‐attention model of placebo in which more motivated persons pay greater attention to placebo‐related stimuli, directly influencing placebo response. We manipulated both motivation to respond to placebo and expectations of placebo response in a 2 × 2 design. Participants (N = 152) evaluated a series of placebo pheromones (slightly scented water) of potential romantic dates and made desirability ratings. Consistent with hypotheses, more highly motivated participants demonstrated greater placebo responses, as evidenced by higher desirability ratings of the “pheromone” and greater variability among ratings, when compared to less motivated participants. Moreover, the relation between motivation and placebo response was mediated by attention. Contrary to expectations, we found no effect for expectancy. These findings highlight the importance of motivation and the mediating factor of attention in placebo and support goal‐oriented models of placebo.
Analysis of the interaction between experimental and applied behavior analysis
Authors: Virues‐Ortega Javier , Hurtado‐Parrado Camilo , Cox Alison D. , Pear Joseph J.
Published: May 2014

To study the influences between basic and applied research in behavior analysis, we analyzed the coauthorship interactions of authors who published in JABA and JEAB from 1980 to 2010. We paid particular attention to authors who published in both JABA and JEAB (dual authors) as potential agents of cross‐field interactions. We present a comprehensive analysis of dual authors' coauthorship interactions using social networks methodology and key word analysis. The number of dual authors more than doubled (26 to 67) and their productivity tripled (7% to 26% of JABA and JEAB articles) between 1980 and 2010. Dual authors stood out in terms of number of collaborators, number of publications, and ability to interact with multiple groups within the field. The steady increase in JEAB and JABA interactions through coauthors and the increasing range of topics covered by dual authors provide a basis for optimism regarding the progressive integration of basic and applied behavior analysis.
Evaluation of the preschool life skills program in Head Start classrooms: A systematic replication
Authors: Hanley Gregory P. , Fahmie Tara A. , Heal Nicole A.
Published: May 2014

In an attempt to address risk factors associated with extensive nonfamilial child care, we implemented the preschool life skills (PLS) program (Hanley, Heal, Tiger, & Ingvarsson, 2007) in two community‐based Head Start classrooms. A multiple baseline design across classrooms, repeated across skills, showed that the program resulted in a 5‐fold increase in PLS and an accompanying reduction in problem behavior, replicating the effects observed by Hanley et al. (2007).
Progenitor Cells in Proximal Airway Epithelial Development and Regeneration
Authors: Lynch Thomas J. , Engelhardt John F.
Published: May 2014

Multiple distinct epithelial domains are found throughout the airway that are distinguishable by location, structure, function, and cell‐type composition. Several progenitor cell populations in the proximal airway have been identified to reside in confined microenvironmental niches including the submucosal glands (SMGs), which are embedded in the tracheal connective tissue between the surface epithelium and cartilage, and basal cells that reside within the surface airway epithelium (SAE). Current research suggests that regulatory pathways that coordinate development of the proximal airway and establishment of progenitor cell niches may overlap with pathways that control progenitor cell responses during airway regeneration following injury. SMGs have been shown to harbor epithelial progenitor cells, and this niche is dysregulated in diseases such as cystic fibrosis. However, mechanisms that regulate progenitor cell proliferation and maintenance within this glandular niche are not completely understood. Here we discuss glandular progenitor cells during development and regeneration of the proximal airway and compare properties of glandular progenitors to those of basal cell progenitors in the SAE. Further investigation into glandular progenitor cell control will provide a direction for interrogating therapeutic interventions to correct aberrant conditions affecting the SMGs in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1637–1645, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CD49f‐Positive Testicular Cells in Saanen Dairy Goat Were Identified as Spermatogonia‐Like Cells by miRNA Profiling Analysis
Authors: Wu Jiang , Liao Mingzhi , Zhu Haijing , Kang Kai , Mu Hailong , Song Wencong , Niu Zhiwei , He Xin , Bai Chunling , Li Guangpeng , Li Xinping , Hua Jinlian
Published: May 2014

miRNAs, a type of small RNA, play critical roles in mammalian spermatogenesis. Spermatogonia are the foundation of spermatogenesis and are valuable for the study of spermatogenesis. However, the expression profiling of the miRNAs in spermatogonia of dairy goats remains unclear. CD49f has been one of the surface markers used for spermatogonia enrichment by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). Therefore, we used a CD49f microbead antibody to purify CD49f‐positive and ‐negative cells of dairy goat testicular cells by MACS and then analysed the miRNA expression in these cells in depth using Illumina sequencing technology. The results of miRNA expression profiling in purified CD49f‐positive and ‐negative testicular cells showed that 933 miRNAs were upregulated in CD49f‐positive cells and 916 miRNAs were upregulated in CD49f‐negative cells with a twofold increase, respectively; several miRNAs and marker genes specific for spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in testis had a higher expression level in CD49f‐positive testicular cells, including miR‐221, miR‐23a, miR‐29b, miR‐24, miR‐29a, miR‐199b, miR‐199a, miR‐27a, and miR‐21 and CD90, Gfra1, and Plzf. The bioinformatics analysis of differently expressed miRNAs indicated that the target genes of these miRNAs in CD49f‐positive cells were involved in cell‐cycle biological processes and the cell‐cycle KEGG pathway. In conclusion, our comparative miRNAome data provide useful miRNA profiling data of dairy goat spermatogonia cells and suggest that CD49f could be used to enrich dairy goat spermatogonia‐like cells, including SSCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1712–1723, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MicroRNA‐365 Inhibits the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Targeting Cyclin D1
Authors: Kim Myung‐Hyun , Ham Onju , Lee Se‐Yeon , Choi Eunmi , Lee Chang Youn , Park Jun‐Hee , Lee Jiyun , Seo Hyang‐Hee , Seung Minji , Choi Eunhyun , Min Pil‐Ki , Hwang Ki‐Chul
Published: May 2014

Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a common feature of disease progression in atherosclerosis. Cell proliferation is regulated by cell cycle regulatory proteins. MicroRNAs (miR) have been reported to act as important gene regulators and play essential roles in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs in a cardiovascular disease. However, the roles and mechanisms of miRs in VSMCs and neointimal formation are far from being fully understood. In this study, cell cycle‐specific cyclin D1 was found to be a potential target of miR‐365 by direct binding. Through an in vitro experiment, we showed that exogenous miR‐365 overexpression reduced VSMC proliferation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, while miR‐365 was observed to block G1/S transition in platelet‐derived growth factor‐bb (PDGF‐bb)‐induced VSMCs. In addition, the proliferation of VSMCs by various stimuli, including PDGF‐bb, angiotensin II (Ang II), and serum, led to the downregulation of miR‐365 expression levels. The expression of miR‐365 was confirmed in balloon‐injured carotid arteries. Taken together, our results suggest an anti‐proliferative role for miR‐365 in VSMC proliferation, at least partly via modulating the expression of cyclin D1. Therefore, miR‐365 may influence neointimal formation in atherosclerosis patients. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1752–1761, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of microfluidic devices in solvent extraction
Authors: Ciceri Davide , Perera Jilska M. , Stevens Geoffrey W.
Published: May 2014

Solvent extraction (SX) is an important separation method with countless applications in the chemical industry. The water/oil interface is an essential feature of SX systems. Microfluidic technology is ideally suited for exploitation in SX due to intrinsic advantages of the micro dimensions that result in laminar flow conditions, high surface‐to‐volume ratio and the reduced chemical quantities needed. This review describes the use of microfluidic devices in SX. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.
The repertoire of nitrogen assimilation in Rhodococcus: catalysis, pathways and relevance in biotechnology and bioremediation
Authors: Foster Alexander , Barnes Nicole , Speight Robert , Keane Mark A.
Published: May 2014

The Rhodococcus genus exhibits diverse enzymatic activity that can be exploited in the conversion of natural and anthropogenic nitrogenous compounds. This catalytic response provides a selective advantage in terms of available nutrients while also serving to remove otherwise harmful xenobiotics. This review provides a critical assessment of the literature on bioconversion of organo‐nitrogen compounds with a consideration of applications in bioremediation and commercial biotechnology. By examining the major nitro‐organic compounds (amino acids, amines, nitriles, amides and nitroaromatics) in turn, the considerable repertoire of Rhodococcus spp. is established. The available published enzyme reaction data is coupled with genomic characterisation to provide a molecular basis for Rhodococcus enzyme activity with an assessment of the cellular properties that aid substrate accessibility and ensure stability. The metabolic gene clusters associated with the observed reaction pathways are identified and future directions in enzyme optimisation and metabolic engineering are assessed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of phase modifiers on boron removal by solvent extraction using 1,3 diolic compounds
Authors: Fortuny Agustin , Coll Maria Teresa , Kedari Chandrashekhar S. , Sastre Ana Maria
Published: May 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Among the polyols, 1,3 diols are selective and efficient extractants for boron but significant solubility of these into aqueous solutions restricts their application in large scale separation processes. Solvent modifiers can be used to reduce extractant loss to the aqueous phase. Efficiency of the diolic extractants for boron separation have been tested in the presence of different solvent modifiers.

RESULTS

Compared with other modifiers studied, decanol gives better stability to diolic molecules in the Kerosene phase and exhibits a reduced negative effect on the extraction of boron. Next to decanol, the low viscous 2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐heptanone can be used as solvent modifier.

In successive extraction studies, 2‐butyl‐2‐ethyl‐1,3‐propanediol (BEPD) showed better stability among the diols studied in the presence of decanol in the organic phase.

CONCLUSION

Quantitative removal of boron was achieved from industrial waste solutions such as a spent phosphate passivation bath and a cutting fluid, using 0.6 mol L−1 BEPD and 0.6 mol L−1 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐1,3‐pentanediol (TMPD) in 25% decanol/Kerosene organic phase. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.
Palladium(II) extraction from nitric acid solutions byLIX34
Authors: Elizalde María , Menoyo Begoña , Ocio Argune , Rúa María del Sol
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

Sulphur‐containing reagents are known to extract Pd(II) very efficiently. Among them, 8‐(alkarylsulphonamido)quinolines have shown a high extractive ability towards several metal ions. In this work, the distribution equilibria of Pd(II) from nitric acid solutions of 1.0 mol L−1ionic strength byLIX34 dissolved in toluene have been studied as a function of both extractant and metal concentration, equilibriumpHand nitrate ion concentration. The effect of the alkyl chain length of the extractant molecule on the extraction of Pd(II) has also been investigated.

RESULTS

The extraction of Pd(II) from acidic solutions byLIX34 is slow but low concentrations of the extractant are required for quantitative extraction. It does not depend onpHin the 1–2.3 range whereas nitrate ion concentration has little influence on the extraction process. The synthesized compound 4‐methyl‐N‐8‐quinolinylbenzenesulphonamide, which presents a structure very close to 4‐dodecyl‐N‐8‐quinolinylbenzenesulphonamide, which is the active component inLIX34, shows the same extraction ability towards palladium.

CONCLUSIONS

The experimental data have been treated numerically and can be explained by assuming the formation of the complexesPdL2(logk020 = 10.46 ± 0.12) and Pd(NO3)L (logk110 = 4.99 ± 0.18), the former being the predominant species. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.
Emulsion liquid membranes for recovery of ibuprofen from aqueous solutions
Authors: Razo‐Lazcano Teresa Alejandra , Stambouli Moncef , González‐Muñoz María del Pilar , Pareau Dominique , Ávila‐Rodríguez Mario
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

This work involved a systematic study of the recovery of ibuprofen (IBP) from aqueous solutions by emulsion liquid membranes (ELM).

RESULTS

A preliminary liquid–liquid extraction study was performed in order to determine the most appropriate system to extract the IBP. The results show that Parleam 4 and NaOH work very well as extractant and strippant, respectively. The conditions for preparing the ELMs were established. The influence of parameters such as the agitation speed, preparation time and composition of the ELM were evaluated for membrane stability (by laser diffraction) and for IBP recovery efficiency. It was also shown that the influence of trioctylamine (TOA) in the ELM is such that only a low concentration is required to obtain stable and highly efficient membranes.

CONCLUSION

The membrane prepared with Parleam 4 + TOA 0.1% w/V + Abil EM 90 at 5% w/V as organic phase, and NaOH 0.05 mol L‐1, as internal aqueous phase, showed the highest recovery percentages (> 99%) with a very fast kinetic transfer (5 minutes of contact). © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.
Copper removal from aqueous solutions by means of ionic liquids containing a β‐diketone and the recovery of metal complexes by supercritical fluid extraction
Authors: Sepúlveda Rossana , Romero Julio , Sánchez José
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

This work is focused on the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions by means of different hydrophobic imidazolium‐based ionic liquids containing 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐2,4‐pentanedione (TFA) as extractant and the subsequent extraction of the metal complexes formed in the IL by means of supercritical fluid extraction.

RESULTS

Solutions containing between 250 and 500 mg L‐1 of Cu(II) ions were contacted with [bmim][PF6], [hmim][PF6] and [bmim][Tf2N] containing TFA. After liquid–liquid extraction, both phases were analysed, verifying the formation of neutral complex Cu(TFA)2 as the predominant extraction mechanism in [bmim][PF6] and [bmim][Tf2N]. Meanwhile, the extraction of Cu(II) in [bmim][PF6] was strongly influenced by the direct interaction between the metal ion and the IL. ILs used in L–L extractions were regenerated using supercritical CO2 at 18 MPa and 40°C. [bmim][Tf2N] showed the highest accumulative extraction percentage (≈ 80%) after sequential loads of Cu(II) ions.

CONCLUSION

From these tests, [bmim][Tf2N] was the solvent that showed the best performance in terms of accumulative extraction and recycling capacity in sequential extraction cycles mediated by regeneration with supercritical CO2. This study demonstrates that this process could be considered an alternative separation technique for metal ions using green solvents, and with extractant requirements lower than in conventional solvent extraction operations. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.