bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Students' and Faculty's Perceptions of Occurrence of Dishonest Academic Behaviors
Authors: Koljatic Mladen , Silva Monica
Published: August 2011

Examination of estimates of prevalence of 28 dishonest academic behaviors provided by 217 students and 38 faculty members from the same Latin American institution shows faculty's perceptions differed from those held by students. Students perceived dishonest behaviors to be more widespread while faculty's estimates were on average more conservative and closer to actual self-reported rates. These results are not consistent with findings from a study conducted in the United States. The reasons for this discrepancy may reflect institutional or cultural factors, which should be explored in future research.
Response to Moral Choices as a Function of Self-Esteem
Authors: Dai Yong , Nolan Rebecca F. , White Barzanna
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the relationship between self-reported self-esteem and academic moral choice by 162 middle school students enrolled in Grades 6, 7, and 8 of public institutions. They were presented nine moral situations (five are school-related) and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory (School Form). Analysis indicated that four of the five school-related moral situations were statistically significantly related to scores of self-esteem. Students reporting higher self-esteem were more likely to make a moral choice in a given academic situation. It is recommended that support of academic honesty can be encouraged by increasing youth self-esteem.
Reliability of Estimates of Return of Lost Letters as a Measure of Public Attitudes to Taking Human Life
Authors: Bridges F. Stephen , Anzalone Debra A. , Coady Neil P. , Anzalone Fanancy L.
Published: August 2011

An analysis of letters distributed in cities and smaller rural communities in north and south Florida ( ns = 400 and 448) showed return rates among several addressees were slightly but significantly correlated ( rs = .10 and .10) so very small interpoll agreement is present.
Clients' Attributions of Recalled Important or Helpful Events in a Counseling Interview
Authors: Lee Dong Y. , Kim Soo Y. , Park Sung H. , Uhlemann Max R.
Published: August 2011

Clients' causal explanations for recalled important or helpful events between those of early and of late sessions of counseling interview have been examined. We predicted that (a) for clients' recalled important or helpful events, there will be more internal attribution in late than in early sessions and (b) clients' evaluation of counseling sessions would be positively related to their internal attribution of the recalled important or helpful events. Data were generated from 84 sessions of therapy, with 12 counselor-client dyads conducting seven sessions of therapeutic interviews each. Immediately after each interview, clients were requested to recall and explain the most important or helpful events that happened during the session. Clients' causal explanations of the events were analyzed by two trained judges. Results showed no statistically significant differences in frequencies of internal attribution. Similarly, internal attribution did not covary with clients' evaluation of counseling sessions. The implications of the results are discussed.
Sociodemographic Factors, Religiosity, Academic Performance, and Substance Use among First-Year University Students in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Malaka Dorothy W. , Phaswana Nancy
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among sociodemographic variables, family background, religiosity, course of study, academic performance, and substance use. The sample included 799 first-year students in the age range of 16 to 49 years ( M age 20.1 yr., SD = 3.2) chosen at random from the University of the North in South Africa A Model Core Questionnaire from the WHO on substance use was administered Analysis indicated that women smoked tobacco or cannabis and drank less than men, while women took more stimulants and other opiate type drugs than men. Low scores on religiosity was a predictor for past-month tobacco use, alcohol use, binge drinking, cannabis use, and having a drinking or drug problem now. Being a member of a Protestant denominational church or a Roman Catholic was a predictor for past-month tobacco and alcohol use. A family history of drinking or drug problems and being a social science or humanities student were predictive for a current alcohol or drug problem. Economic status, education of parents, living arrangement, and rural-urban differences were not associated with substance use. Findings have implications for prevention programmes.
Sex Differences in Memory Estimates, Revisited
Authors: Ionescu Marcos D.
Published: August 2011

207 undergraduate students (95 men and 112 women) representing all four years in college provided estimates of memory performance before and after a recall task involving 80 stimuli (40 pictures and 40 words). The study was intended as a replication of the work of Ionescu in 2000 wherein men underestimated their performance on the picture items and women underestimated their performance on the words. No sex differences were found for correct recall totals, recall for pictures, recall for words, and total prerecall performance estimates. Although both men and women underestimated their pre- and postrecall performance, women underestimated their postrecall performance more than men. More importantly, men underestimated their performance on recall of pictures, whereas women underestimated their performance on the word items, thereby validating prior results with a larger sample. The possible bases for this phenomenon are still not clear.
Bioelectrical Potentials of Philodendron Cordatum: A New Method for Investigation of Behavior in Plants
Authors: Abramson Charles I. , Garrido Deborah J. , Lawson Adam L. , Browne Blaine L. , Thomas David G.
Published: August 2011

We explored the prospect of using the bioelectrical potentials of Philodendron cordatum as a new method for studying the behavior of plants. The bioelectrical potentials were recorded from equipment typically associated with EEG recordings. Plants were exposed to a 6-hr. training period of light only, dark only, or alternating 1-min. periods of light/dark. Following training, all plants were exposed to a 10-min. testing period in darkness during which bioelectrical potentials were recorded. Power of the bioelectric potentials was compared between groups of plants for frequencies between 0.1 and 10.0 Hz. Significant main effects of group and frequency were found, raising questions about the possibility of “learning” in P. cordatum.
Intrinsic Religiosity and Social Anxiety of Intercollegiate Athletes
Authors: Storch Eric A. , Storch Jason B. , Adams Ben G.
Published: August 2011

For 105 intercollegiate athletes intrinsic religiosity and social anxiety as measured by self-repot questionnaires were not associated.
Comments on the Institute of Medicine's 2002 Report on the Safety of Anthrax Vaccine
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Webb Farrell J. , Jurich Anthony P. , Bollman Stephan R.
Published: August 2011

In April 2002, the prestigious Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences issued a final report on the safety and effectiveness of the anthrax vaccine currently in use by the United States military. It concluded that the present vaccine was completely safe and effective, but ignored evidence of several recent research studies from three different nations that have implicated vaccines, often including anthrax vaccine, in the epidemiology of Gulf War illnesses. Omissions and limitations of that report are discussed.
Surrogacy: The Parents' Story
Authors: Kleinpeter Christine B.
Published: August 2011

This qualitative study explored the experiences of 26 parents who were involved in surrogate parenting arrangements in a California-based surrogacy program. Participants were mostly white ( n = 23), married ( n = 25), females ( n = 24), with high levels of education and income. The mean age at the time of the first child's birth was 39 yr. ( SD = 5.06). The majority of parents reported having one ( n = 10) or two ( n = 8) children. All subjects reported infertility as their reason to explore surrogacy as a method of building a family. 18 participants chose in vitro fertilization as their method of conception. Telephone interviews explored their decision-making, method of fertilization, their relationship with their surrogate, and the support that they received during the surrogacy process. Results indicate that parents were able to anticipate some potential pitfalls prior to their experience but did not realize the importance of other potential difficulties. A conceptual model is presented with implications for helping professionals.
Empathy and Generalized Reciprocity in Compliance with Requests for Help
Authors: Allsop Kenneth , Fifield Kathryn , Seiter John S.
Published: August 2011

This study examined empathy and reciprocity as explanations for why people comply with requests for help. Participants (35 male and 62 female) imagined being asked for money by a person who had locked keys in a car and then reported how likely they would be to comply with such a request, whether they had previously locked their keys in their car (empathy), and, if so, whether they had been helped (reciprocity). In support of the explanation based on empathy, people who reported previously locking their keys in their cars indicated being more likely to comply.
Correlates of Retrospective Early Life Experience with Personality in Young Japanese Women
Authors: Kitamura Toshinori , Kijima Nobuhiko , Tanaka Eriko , Tomoda Atsuko , Sakamoto Shinji , Iwata Noboru
Published: August 2011

To examine the influence of early experiences on the development of personality, we used the Temperament and Character Inventory to assess 98 young women who had first entered a company. Different early experiences were linked, albeit weakly, to test scores. Both partial correlations and multiple regression analyses indicated that Self-directedness was higher if women reported more care of parents. Partial correlation, but not multiple regression analyses, showed that Cooperativeness was greater if women reported more care of parents and less frequent abuse. Reports of early parental loss or negative or positive early life events showed no correlation with scores on any of the Temperament and Character Inventory subscales.
Resistance to Extinction of Conditioned Electrodermal Responses: A Study of the Incubation Fear Hypothesis
Authors: Sandin Bonifacio , Chorot Paloma
Published: August 2011

In the present study we examined Eysenck's incubation hypothesis of fear. Probability of skin conductance response (SCR) was analyzed for a sample of 79 undergraduate women, ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. Different groups of participants were conditioned to two levels of unconditioned stimuli (UCS) intensity and presented to three levels of unreinforced conditioned stimuli (CS) exposures (extinction phase) in a delay differential conditioning paradigm. The CSs were fear-relevant slides (snakes and spiders) and the UCSs were aversive tones. Analysis did not show a clear incubation effect; instead an increased resistance to extinction of SCR probability in association to the high-UCS and the short unreinforced CS presentation was evident. Findings support partially Eysenck's incubation theory of fear/anxiety.
Relation of Perceived Emotional Intelligence and Health-Related Quality of Life of Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Extremera Natalio , Fernández-Berrocal Pablo
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence and health-related quality of life in middle-aged women. 99 middle-aged Spanish women, who studied in two adult schools, volunteered to participate. 49 were premenopausal and 45 were postmenopausal. These women completed the Trait Meta-Mood Scale and Health Survey SF–36. Scores were analyzed according to social, physical, and mental health, menopausal status, and scores on perceived emotional intelligence. Then, the data regarding the mental and physical health of the premenopausal and postmenopausal women were compared after controlling for age. No associations between menopausal status and health-related quality of life were found. Perceived skill at mood repair was significantly associated with scores on health-related quality of life in these middle-aged women. These findings provide empirical evidence that aspects of perceived emotional intelligence may account for the health-related quality of life in midlife including social, physical, and psychological symptoms.
Reduction in Children's Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder during Individual Tutoring as Compared with Classroom Instruction
Authors: Strayhorn Joseph M. , Bickel Donna D.
Published: August 2011

Children who display symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in classrooms are reputed to display fewer symptoms in one-on-one interaction. We tested this hypothesis with children who received individual tutoring for reading and behavior problems. We selected 30 children whose teacher-rated ADHD symptoms fit a pattern consistent with DSM criteria for the diagnosis. Teachers rated the frequency of symptoms in classrooms before and after tutoring. Tutors rated the frequency of the same behaviors during individual tutoring sessions. Children's ADHD symptoms, as well as oppositional symptoms, were significantly lower in the tutoring sessions than in the classrooms. The effect sizes for the difference between behavior in classrooms and in individual tutoring ranged from 0.7 to 2.5 standard deviations. These effect sizes appear as large as those reported for the effect of stimulant medication on ADHD symptoms. All 30 children at preintervention fit the pattern for ADHD using teachers' ratings of classroom behavior; 87% of them did not meet those DSM criteria using tutors' ratings of behavior in individual sessions. The confound of different raters for the two different settings must be resolved by another study with a new design.
Effects of Sex of Judge and Sex of Victim on Recommended Punishment of a Male Murderer in a Mock Scenario
Authors: McKelvie Stuart J.
Published: August 2011

Two samples of undergraduates (36 women, 7 men; 44 women, 45 men) read a mock transcript in which a murderer's victim was a man or a woman, after which they made prison sentence and death penalty judgments. Female judges gave longer sentences for the female victim than for the male victim, whereas male judges gave longer sentences for the male victim than for the female victim. This same-sex bias suggests that extralegal factors can affect judgments about sentencing.
Sex Differences in Communication with Close Friends: Testing Tannen's Claims
Authors: Oxley Nicole L. , Dzindolet Mary T. , Miller Jessica L.
Published: August 2011

In 1990 Tannen reported that men have fewer close friends than women, men discuss less intimate topics with their friends than women, and men and women respond differently to close friends' problems. 168 students completed a three-page survey designed to examine Tannen's claims. Consistent with Tannen's observations, men discussed less intimate topics (politics and school or work) with their five closest friends and reportedly were less likely to comfort or listen to their friends' problems than women were. Inconsistent with Tannen's statements, these women and men did not differ in the number of close friends they reported having or in the likelihood of offering advice when presented with a friend's problem. Present self-reports corroborate other researchers who questioned Tannen's findings and concluded that sex differences in interpersonal communication are small.
The Gordon Diagnostic System and WISC–III Freedom from Distractibility Index: Validity in Identifying Clinic-Referred Children with and without ADHD
Authors: Mayes Susan Dickerson , Calhoun Susan L.
Published: August 2011

Gordon Diagnostic System and WISC–III scores for clinic-referred 6-to 16-yr.-olds (184 with ADHD Combined Type and 46 without ADHD) were analyzed to evaluate the combination of scores and cutpoints that maximized diagnostic accuracy. Using an “ADHD cutpoint” of IQ minus the GDS Composite score ≥ 13, 87.8% of the children were correctly identified as having or not having ADHD. IQ minus Freedom from Distractibility >0 yielded 73.5% accuracy. When the two measures were combined to create new criteria (IQ minus GDS Composite ≥ 13 or IQ minus Freedom from Distractibility ≥ 11), diagnostic accuracy increased to 90.9% and negative predictive power improved substantially Diagnostic agreement between the Gordon Diagnostic System and Freedom from Distractibility was 70%, suggesting that the two tests measure both similar and unique traits.
Relations of Intrinsic Spirituality with Health Status and Symptom Interference
Authors: Williams Linda , Reed Sheila , Nelson Charles , Brose Andrea
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between spiritual experience and current health status and between spiritual experience and subjective experience of symptom interference. Symptom interference is the extent to which symptoms of physical or psychological illness limited participants' activities of daily living. Participants were 49 volunteers who were enrolled in a spiritual fitness class at a variety of denominational Christian churches in Plano, Texas. The sample ranged in age from 22 to 65 years, and 84% were women. The Index of Core Spiritual Experiences and the Medical Symptoms Checklist were administered. Current health status and symptom interference were utilized from the self-report checklist. It was predicted that Index scores would be significantly different based on participants' health status and that Index scores would correlate significantly with participants' ratings of symptom interference. Analysis indicated that Index scores were significantly higher ( p = .02) for participants with no current medical diagnosis than for those currently experiencing either a life-threatening or a chronic medical or psychological disorder. Also, the percentage-bend correlation between Index scores and scores for interference of symptoms in daily life was significant ( rPb = –.33, p = .02). These results suggest that the report of core spiritual experiences may be related to better current health status. These findings have implications for understanding the role of spirituality in the prevention of illness and in an individual's ability to cope with illness.
Sex and Racial Differences in Preference for a Caring Morality in a Corporate Environment That Promotes Diversity and Equal Opportunity
Authors: Jones Nona J.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the caring moral perspective of managers in a corporation recognized as being a champion of promoting diversity and equal opportunity. Caring is described as a morality of responsibility and relationship, a sensitivity to the needs of persons. The study was based on the prediction that the attachment and caring shown elsewhere to be characteristic of the morality of females would be characteristic of all managers, regardless of sex or race in this kind of corporate environment. 121 male and female, African-American and Euro-American managers responded to a survey using three subscales of a Caring Morality Inventory: caring orientation, use of intuition and feeling to make a judgment, and concern with others in decision-making. Analysis showed female managers, regardless of race, scored significantly higher on the Caring Morality scale than the male managers, supporting other findings of sex differences in caring moral perspective and suggesting that working for a company actively promoting diversity and equal opportunity does not cancel out these differences. In addition, for this study it was assumed that, although African Americans, in general, may have been sensitized to lean more toward a caring morality, any racial differences in caring morality would be cancelled out by the fact that all of the managers work for the same prodiversity and, by assumption, more sensitive company. The Euro-American managers, regardless of sex, actually scored higher on the Caring Morality scale than did the African-American managers, with the difference being attributable solely to the greater tendency of the Euro-American managers to use intuition and feeling to make a judgment.
Homosexual Partnerships and Homosexual Longevity: A Replication
Authors: Cameron Paul
Published: August 2011

Replicating previous findings that homosexuals are underrepresented after middle age, the 1996 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse ( N = 12,381) and 2000 Kaiser Family Foundation 15-city survey ( N = 405) reported that homosexual men and women are seldom aged 50+ yr. and that older homosexuals are more apt to have a homosexual partner. Deaths of 228 homosexuals as recorded in the Washington Blade 1999–2001 were examined. Although more apt to have a partner when older, the median age of death of 88 homosexually partnered men was 45 yr., while for 118 unpartnered homosexual men it was 46 yr. This is consistent with the suggestion that homosexual partnering may be an additional hazard to men.
Environments of Physically Neglected Children
Authors: Casady M. Angela , Lee Robert E.
Published: August 2011

A reanalysis of data from the Gaudin, Polansky, Kilpatrick, and Shilton 1996 study of 185 low-income families combined information from neglectful families with information from the comparison group. Physical neglect was related to maternal depression, more adult problems, stressful life events, negative family affect, and low social support. Multivariate analyses indicated that a combination of higher maternal education, positive family affect, more supportive services, and fewer stressful life events predicted the provision of adequate physical care among low-income families.
Alcohol Law Changes and Homicide in Iceland
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Homicide rates declined, but not significantly, after the passage of a law in Iceland legalizing the sale of strong beer.
National Ratings of Happiness, Suicide, and Homicide
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 15 industrialized nations, mean ratings of happiness were not significantly associated with suicide or homicide rates.
Moral Judgment and Drivers' Behavior among Brazilian Students
Authors: Bianchi Alessandra , Summala Heikki
Published: August 2011

It is well known that lifestyle, social deviance, and criminal background are related to involvement in road accidents. This study addressed the connection between moral judgment and driving behavior, especially deliberate violations of the traffic law. 260 university students (age 18–30 years, 41% women) completed the Sociomoral Reflection Measure and Driver Behavior Questionnaire. No significant associations were found, probably due to the small variance in Moral Judgment score in this selected sample. This study presented a Portuguese 28-item version of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire that reproduced the same four-factor structure as the British version: ordinary violations, aggressive violations, errors, and lapses.
Participants' Ratings of Male Physicians Who Vary in Race and Communication Style
Authors: Aruguete Mara S. , Roberts Carlos A.
Published: August 2011

Research has shown minorities receive lower quality health care than White persons even with socioeconomic conditions controlled. This difference may partially be related to racially biased attitudes and impaired communication in interracial relationships between physicians and patients. This study investigated the effect of physicians' race and nonverbal communication style on participants' evaluations. Patients at a local health clinic were participants ( N = 116: 84% Black, 16% White). Each participant viewed one of four videotapes showing varied race of a physician (Black or White) and the physician's nonverbal behavior (expressing concern or distance), and then completed a questionnaire evaluating the depicted physician. Overall, participants did not give significantly different preferences for physicians of the same race. However, participants' evaluations were significantly associated with physicians' nonverbal style. Nonverbal concern was associated with highest satisfaction, trust, self-disclosure, recall of information, likelihood of recommending the physician, and intent to comply with the physician's recommendations. When male and female participants were compared, preference for a physician of the same race was found only among male participants who viewed verbally distant physicians. Results suggest that social skills are more important than race in shaping patients' perceptions of physicians.
Perceived Abuse and Disability in a Sample of Ohio's Women's Correctional Population
Authors: McNamara John R. , Fields Scott A.
Published: August 2011

The Abuse Disability Questionnaire was administered to 435 female inmates at a state prison in Ohio. Analysis indicated that 69% of the women reported some type of past physical, sexual, or psychological abuse, which is consistent with other reports for state prisons. Both the amount of abuse reported as well as the extent of associated psychological impairment was less in comparison to scores for women in domestic violence shelters. While all women in the prison were screened, those who met criteria for psychiatric diagnoses had significantly higher Abuse Disability Questionnaire scores than those who were not so diagnosed by a mental health professional. As in prior studies with the questionnaire, a significant relation between reported exposure to prior abuse and perceived impairment was found.
Scores on Liking and Solidarity in Interpersonal Relationships
Authors: Myers Scott A. , Johnson Aaron D.
Published: August 2011

This study examined liking and solidarity in interpersonal relationships. Participants were 226 undergraduates (89 men, 137 women; M age = 27.0) who identified (by initials) an individual with whom they had a recent interaction and referenced that interaction when completing Rubin's Liking Scale and Wheeless's Interpersonal Solidarity Scale. A correlation of .73 ( p < .0001) was obtained between the scores on these scales, suggesting when individuals like one another, they report feelings of solidarity also.
Positive Thinking in Bereavement: Is it Related to Depression, Anxiety, or Grief Symptomatology?
Authors: Boelen Paul A. , van den Bout Jan
Published: August 2011

The present study sought to explore the relationship between positive thinking—operationalized as the frequency of positive automatic thoughts and dispositional optimism—and depression, anxiety, and traumatic grief symptomatology. Data were derived from 326 bereaved adults who had 3 yr. earlier experienced the loss of a first degree loved one. Analysis showed that positive thinking was inversely related to measures of depression, anxiety, and traumatic grief symptomatology. However, positive thinking did not covary with anxiety and traumatic grief when shared variance was controlled. Conversely, positive thinking remained inversely related to depression, even when anxiety and traumatic grief were controlled The findings indicate that, among bereaved individuals, low positive thinking is a cognitive feature of depression that is relatively independent of anxiety and traumatic grief symptomatology.
Reliability and Factor Structure of the Brazilian Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression
Authors: da Silveira Dartiu Xavter , Jorge Miguel Roberto
Published: August 2011

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale is a screening test designed by the National Institute of Mental Health (USA) to screen for ‘depressed’ individuals in the community. It has been widely used in different settings and cultures displaying variable psychometric properties. The present article describes coefficients of internal consistency and factor analysis of the CES–Depression version adapted for use in Brazil. In a sample of 523 college students internal consistency measured by Cronbach alpha was .85. Structure analysis evidenced that two questions were poorly correlated with the remaining questions. Factor analysis resulted in a four-dimension solution accounting for 53.8% of the total item variance. The scale is adequate for use in this different cultural setting.
Examination of Relations between the Neo Personality Inventory-Revised and the Temperament and Character Inventory
Authors: MacDonald Douglas A. , Holland Daniel
Published: August 2011

The present investigation examined the relation of the Five Factor Model of personality as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised to the seven-factor model of temperament and character as tapped by the Temperament and Character Inventory by testing a sample of 344 undergraduate students. Correlations and regression analyses suggest there is substantial overlap between the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised domains and Temperament and Character Inventory dimensions as reflected in multiple correlations ranging from .54 to .80 for the latter when used as predictors of NEO Personality Inventory-Revised domains and .46 to .78 for the former domains when used as predictors of Temperament and Character Inventory dimension scores. Information for constructing the regression equations to allow for the prediction of personality constructs for one model from scores obtained on the other are provided.
Aural, Visual, and Pictorial Stimulus Formats in False Recall
Authors: Beauchamp Heather M.
Published: August 2011

The present investigation is an initial simultaneous examination of the influence of three stimulus formats on false memories. Several pilot tests were conducted to develop new category associate stimulus lists. 73 women and 26 men ( M age = 21.1 yr.) were in one of three conditions: they either heard words, were shown words, or were shown pictures highly related to critical nonpresented items. As expected, recall of critical nonpresented stimuli was significantly greater for aural lists than for visually presented words and pictorial images. These findings demonstrate that the accuracy of memory is influenced by the format of the information encoded.
Effects of Brief Training on Application of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale
Authors: Bates Larry W. , Lyons Judith A. , Shaw J. Bryant
Published: August 2011

31 staff members within one VA medical center were briefly trained in using the Global Assessment of Functioning scale. At both pre- and posttraining, participants provided Global Assessment of Functioning scores and identified their GAF-derivation strategies for two vignettes describing hypothetical patients. Analysis showed that initially there was inter- and intrarater inconsistency in strategy for deriving scores and that training increased consistency. Participants persisted in giving ratings that exceeded the criterion score. However, training significantly reduced Global Assessment of Functioning scores for one vignette, bringing scores closer to the criterion, and a significant number of people gave lower ratings after training. The study highlights common errors and points to the need for formal training in use of the scale.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Form of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale
Authors: Tomás-Sábado Joaquín , Gómez-Benito Juana
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to translate and adapt Templer's Death Anxiety Scale into Spanish and examine mean scores, internal consistency, temporal stability, and factor structure for a sample of 187 Spanish students, 147 women and 40 men, of an average age of 20.8 yr. Mean scores were 6.2 ( SD = 3.4) for women and 5.0 ( SD = 2.7) for men; these differences were statistically significant. Cronbach coefficient alpha was .73, and test-retest correlation over 3 wk. was .87. Analysis by principal components with varimax rotation produced four factors with eigenvalues greater than one; these were labeled (1) Cognitive-Affective, (2) Pain and Illness, (3) Stimuli Related to Death, and (4) Awareness of Time Passing. Obtained results were consistent with previous studies carried out on other versions of the scale and indicate this Spanish form of the Death Anxiety Scale is useful for evaluating death anxiety in Spanish-speaking subjects in Spain.
Women's Advantage on Verbal Memory is Not Restricted to Concrete Words
Authors: Kimura Doreen , Clarke Paul G.
Published: August 2011

It is well established that women perform better than men on tests of verbal memory, but the nature of this advantage is unclear. To examine whether reference to a real object is a factor, we presented several verbal memory tasks, including one containing words high and low in concreteness. Over all tests there was an expected female advantage. Although concrete words were recalled much better than abstract words, the female advantage was equivalent on both. The sex difference was not accounted for by a difference in verbal intelligence. Possible brain and adaptive mechanisms are discussed.
Adjectives, Phrases, and Sentences: Intracorrelation of Three Five-Factor Personality Inventories
Authors: Kentle Robert L
Published: August 2011

The Eysenck Personality Inventory and three short five-factor personality inventories, the NEO Five Factor Inventory, the Berkeley Personality Profile, and the SONSO Personality Inventory, were administered in pairs to six samples of college subjects. The three samples using the Eysenck inventory each contained 300 subjects, whereas the remaining three samples contained 500 subjects each. Each sample was half women and half men. The inventories appear to have corresponding scales, often with correlations of around .70 among them. Also, measures associated with Neuroticism were weakly and negatively correlated with some measures of Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness.
Role of Education in Generativity Differences of Employed and Unemployed Women in Korea
Authors: Kim Geumwoon , Youn Gahyun
Published: August 2011

This study investigated generativity differences between employed and unemployed women in Korea and examined the effect of education on generativity. There were 472 participants in this study, 252 employed married women and 220 unemployed married women living in the Kwangju metropolitan area. A questionnaire requesting demographic information and responses to the translated Loyola Generativity Scale was administered individually. Analysis showed significant generativity differences between the two groups, who also differed in education and mother and spouse roles. However, employment status was not a significant predictor for generativity when a stepwise regression analysis was applied. The analysis showed that education was the strongest predictor for generativity, while mother/wife roles, socioeconomic status, health, and childcare stress were also significant predictors. It was concluded that for Korean married women, generativity is more strongly related to education than employment status.
Reliability of Coordinate Grid Data
Authors: Grice James W. , Hopper Mark
Published: August 2011

The reliability of data obtained from a modified repertory grid procedure was examined. The coordinate grid, developed by Chambers (1983), measures the logical inconsistency and integrative complexity of an individual's view of different people. 56 college students completed two forms of the coordinate grid on each of two testing occasions. Analysis indicated low reliability for measures of both logical inconsistency ( r = −.04) and integrative complexity ( r = .31) with respect to the people entered into the grid. The test-retest results were better ( r = .51 for logical inconsistency; r = .35 for integrative complexity) but still well below acceptable reliability. Hence, generalizations beyond a particular grid may be unwarranted.
Prison Wardens' Perception of Psychosocial and Service Needs of Incarcerated Women
Authors: van Wormer Katherine , Schneider Robert A.
Published: August 2011

Wardens and administrators of 77 women's correctional facilities were mailed a questionnaire designed to assess the psychosocial and service needs of incarcerated female inmates nationally. 35 completed surveys were returned. Representativeness of the sample is discussed. Analysis identified attitudes about recent correctional trends perceived by wardens, including concerns about child care while incarcerated.
Verbal Aggression and Viewing the World as a Mean Place
Authors: Martin Matthew M. , Weber Keith , Mottet Timothy P.
Published: August 2011

Of 555 college students those rating verbal aggressiveness higher also rated perception of the world as a meaner place.
The Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale, a Brief Version: Psychometric Data
Authors: Suinn Richard M. , Winston Elizabeth H.
Published: August 2011

As a measure of mathematics anxiety, the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) has been a major scale used for research and clinical studies since 1972. Despite the usefulness of the original scale, researchers have sought a shorter version of the scale partly to reduce the administration time of the original 98-item scale. This study created a shorter version of the MARS and provides reliability and validity information for the new version. The Cronbach alpha of .96 indicated high internal consistency, while the test-retest reliability for the MARS 30-item was .90 ( p < .001). The validity data confirm that the MARS 30-item test is comparable to the original MARS 98-irem scale.
Academic Dishonesty and Attitudes towards Academic Dishonest Acts: Support for Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Authors: Storch Eric A. , Storch Jason B.
Published: August 2011

The present study examined the relation between self-reported academic dishonesty and attitudes towards dishonest academic behaviors in 244 college students. Analysis suggested that self-reported academic dishonesty and approval of academic dishonest behaviors were positively correlated.
Sex Differences in Intercultural Communication Apprehension, Ethnocentrism, and Intercultural Willingness to Communicate
Authors: Lin Yang , Rancer Andrew S.
Published: August 2011

Communication predispositions influence interactions between individuals from different cultures. Three such predispositions have been found to affect behavior in intercultural contexts: Apprehension about intercultural communication, ethnocentrism, and intercultural willingness to communicate. This study examined differences between men ( n = 130) and women ( n = 175) on those three predispositions. The analysis showed that men reported experiencing higher apprehension about intercultural communication, being more ethnocentric than women, and being less willing to communicate interculturally than women. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Sex Differences in Perceived Attributes of Computer-Mediated Communication
Authors: Harper Vernon B.
Published: August 2011

Researchers have pointed to the influence of sex with respect to the attributes of the computer medium. The author elaborates upon possible sex differences in reference to perceived attributes of the computer medium, i.e., Richness, Accessibility, Velocity, Interactivity, Plasticity, and Immediacy. Data from both a pilot and main study are reported and interpreted. The pilot study included 78 participants, while the main study involved 211 The independent samples were composed of Communication Studies students enrolled at two Mid-Atlantic universities. Nine items with anchors of 1: strongly disagree and 7: strongly agree were taken from the 2000 Computer Mediated Communication Competence Scale of Spitzberg to assess the attributes of computer-mediated interaction. The results indicate that women scored higher than men on perceptions of Accessibility, Velocity, Interactivity, and Immediacy.
Greek Students' Attitudes toward Physical Activity and Health-Related Behavior
Authors: Theodorakis Yannis , Natsis Petros , Papaioannou Athanasios , Goudas Marios
Published: August 2011

A three-wave study over one year with 882 adolescents, aged 10 to 16 years at the initial testing, examined psychosocial variables regarding four health-related behaviors: exercise, eating fruit, smoking, and drug use. Analysis showed that during the stages of the study, high school students' exercise behavior decreased and their smoking behavior increased as well as their willingness to use drugs. It seems that study of physical education and health education during adolescence must take into account the possible differences in psychosocial variables associated with health-related behaviors as well as the different stages of adolescence.
Influence of Test Anxiety on Measurement of Intelligence
Authors: Oostdam Ron , Meijer Joost
Published: August 2011

In this study a measurement model for a test anxiety questionnaire was investigated in a sample of 207 Dutch students in the first grade of junior secondary vocational education. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis showed that a model for test anxiety with three factors for worry, emotionality, and lack of self-confidence is associated with a significantly better fit than a model comprised of only the first two factors. The relations of the three test anxiety factors to scores on intelligence tests for measuring verbal ability, reasoning, and spatial ability were examined. The results indicated that test anxiety appears to be transitory: the negative relation between test anxiety and test performance promptly fades away. Finally, we examined whether a distinction can be made between highly test anxious students with low performance due to worrisome thoughts (interference hypothesis) or low ability (deficit hypothesis). Results do not support the deficit hypothesis because the scores of all highly test anxious students increased in a less stressful situation.
Coregulation in Mother-Infant Dyads: Links to Infants' Cardiac Vagal Tone
Authors: Porter Christin L.
Published: August 2011

This investigation explored links between mother-infant coregulated communication patterns and infants' emerging parasympathetic regulatory processes (cardiac vagal tone). Participants included 56 first-time mothers and their 6-mo.-old infants (31 girls, 25 boys). A 4-mm. baseline EKG was gathered from the infant and an ensuing 15-min. mother-infant dyadic free-play episode was videotaped and coded using Fogel's 1994 Regional Coding System. This system was developed to describe variations in coregulated features of communication among dyads, ranging from symmetrical patterns to disruptive patterns of coregulation. Analysis suggests a positive link between infants' cardiac vagal tone and more symmetrical features of coregulated communication patterns in mother-infant dyads Cardiac vagal tone was also negatively correlated with unilateral features of coregulation communication systems. These findings point toward the potential relation between emerging physiological regulatory abilities of infants and the more relational regulatory processes in mother-infant dyads.
Three Educational and Moral Questions regarding AIDS among South African Education Students
Authors: Mwamwenda Tuntufye S.
Published: August 2011

Two objectives were explored: the extent to which undergraduates supported the admission to school of children with HIV, whether HIV sufferers were to blame for their illness, and AIDS was direct punishment from God. While 93 of 164 respondents did not think AIDS was punishment from God and 105 did not support exclusion of school children with AIDS, 75 and 49 held the opposite views, respectively. There was no conclusive support for whether HIV carriers were to blame for their disease; 70 responded yes, 75 no, and 12 I don't know.
Another Evaluation of Touch and Helping Behavior
Authors: Guéguen Nicolas , Fischer-Lokou Jacques
Published: August 2011

Although positive effect of touch on compliance has been widely reported, new evaluation was made with an unusual request. 80 male bus drivers were solicited by a male or a female confederate to take the bus despite having too little money for the fare. Bus drivers were briefly touched by the confederate during solicitation. Analysis showed that bus drivers who were touched accepted the request more favorably bur only when made by a female.
Sex, Hypermasculinity, and Hyperfemininity in Perception of Social Cues in Neutral Interactions
Authors: Bartolucci Anne D. , Zeichner Amos
Published: August 2011

Sexual coercion is a prevalent problem on U.S. college campuses. One potential avenue by which it may occur is the misinterpretation of social cues, and such misperception may be mediated by extreme sex role adherence, i.e., hypermasculinity and hyperfemininity. 62 undergraduate students viewed a film of a neutral interaction between a college-aged man and woman. Subsequently, participants indicated which behaviors they remembered the opposite-sex actor performing, offered a prediction as to the outcome of the scenario and what they would do had they been in a similar situation, and then completed either the Hypermasculinity Inventory or the Hyperfemininity Scale. Scores on the former correlated negatively with recall accuracy, and men indicated that they were more likely to date and have sex with the actress than women reported being likely to date or have sex with the actor. Women reported a high perceived likelihood of dating the actor coupled with the expectation that he would have sex with the actress. Likewise, women expected to be sexually coerced by the actor had they been in a similar situation. Social implications of these findings and possible research are discussed.
Topics of Marital Disagreement among African-American and Euro-American Newlyweds
Authors: Oggins Jean
Published: August 2011

To see what issues couples most and least often reported as topics of marital disagreement, survey data were analyzed for 113 African-American and 131 Euro-American couples reporting in the first and third years of marriage. Friedman tests showed that in both the first and third years of marriage, money was most often reported as a topic of marital disagreement; tensions about leisure, each spouse's family of origin, and children were reported significantly less often; and tensions about religion were reported least often. Findings were very similar for African Americans and Euro-Americans, and for husbands and wives. Overall, findings show considerable stability in the relative frequency with which specific topics reportedly evoke tension early in marriage.
Comparison of Textual Analysis Applied to Two Lectures Written Three Years Apart by One Author: The Language Satellites
Authors: Noël-Jorand M. C. , Reinert M.
Published: August 2011

A comparative textual analysis was carried out on two essays “Thanatol” and “Double Talk,” by F. Perrier, which were originally lectures given three years apart by the author, a psychoanalyst. This study involved the use of the ALCESTE software program, a computer-assisted method of discourse analysis. It consists of modelling the distribution of the main words occurring in speeches or texts with a view toward identifying the repetitive language patterns most frequently used by a speaker or writer. This method is described in the first part of the paper. Various types of discourse emerged from analysis along with specific topics. There were three types in the case of Thanatol and four in that of Double Talk. Upon comparing the separate results obtained on each corpus, a pool of significant words observed in the corpus Thanatol was also present in Double Talk. These words were organised into groups called “language satellites” which were dispatched in the various types of discourse. Considering the underlying language structure (the enunciation), they formed another discourse running between the lines of two lectures. This supplementary discourse was recurrent and could be said to label the author and his thoughts. The ALCESTE method brings to light in the textual production of an author a recurrent pattern of discourse which might hold some clues for the analysis of texts and speech and even about the author as evident in his own ideas and thoughts.