bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A racionalidade da gestão técnica na agricultura familiar:
Authors: Almeida Luciano de , Ferreira Angela Duarte Damasceno
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho analisa as lógicas de escolha técnica dos produtores de hortaliças do município de Colombo-PR. Enfoca as práticas e as mudanças em suas dimensões ambientais. De um lado evidenciam-se práticas reveladoras da intensificação produtiva no padrão convencional, o que incluiu o sistema hidropônico. Do outro estão práticas sinalizadoras de sistemas mais conservacionistas, tal como a redução no uso de agrotóxicos e a agricultura orgânica. As dimensões econômica e sócio-cultural são priorizadas na análise enquanto condicionantes das escolhas dos agricultores orientadas para aquelas práticas e técnicas. Predomina em Colombo a combinação de solos ambientalmente frágeis com uma agricultura convencional, cujo manejo intensivo dos solos e uso de agroquímicos gera impactos ambientais, tanto em termos de processos erosivos quanto em riscos de contaminação dos recursos hídricos. Os agricultores fazem suas opções técnicas frente a um conjunto de restrições e oportunidades sinalizados ou efetivados pelo mercado, pela comunidade e grupos de referência com os quais se articulam, pelo núcleo familiar, pelo meio físico, e pelas instituições e serviços relacionados à gestão dos recursos naturais, a geração e socialização de conhecimentos técnicos. É nesse contexto complexo e dinâmico que os agricultores se orientam, fazendo uso de sua lógica prática para se apropriar, ao seu modo, das opções técnicas e decidir como vão gerir os recursos naturais. Diante de diversas informações, necessidades práticas cotidianas, oportunidades e restrições, os agricultores reservam para si um campo de autonomia, onde desenvolvem processos de elaboração e filtragem, e aplicam sua marca pessoal nas escolhas e na gestão da unidade. Dado o processo de intensa integração ao mercado, vem se configurando uma lógica econômica-instrumental de gestão onde a dimensão econômica, concretizada na maximização da produtividade e dos rendimentos, ocupa, não sem resistência, um grau de importância cada vez maior. Ao mesmo tempo, foram identificados valores sócio-culturais, como segurança e autonomia, associados à agricultura familiar, que mostram outros elementos constitutivos destas lógicas.
Acampamento, agroecologia e assentamento rural:
Authors: Piccin Marcos Botton , Picolotto Everton Lazzaretti
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo analisa-se como o processo de luta pela terra conforma experiências produtivas baseadas na agroecologia e de que forma esses conhecimentos são acionados na luta pela terra. A análise é realizada acompanhando a trajetória social de quatro agricultores-assentados do assentamento Ceres/RS, formado em 1997. Discute-se que a participação em cursos de agroecologia esteve relacionada diretamente com os sistemas socioculturais dos indivíduos, a partir de um estilo de reação à vivência da forma acampamento. As recomposições socioculturais, como conhecimentos e disposições sociais internalizadas nesse período, serão marcantes nas trajetórias ligadas à produção agropecuária no assentamento, sendo acionadas em momentos de crise de reprodução social do grupo familiar.
Numerical Investigation of Finned-tube Heat Exchanger with Circular, Elliptical & Rectangular Tubes
Authors: Hasan Md. Hasibul , Mondal Dipayan
Published: April 2020

A three dimensional numerical study has been conducted on finned-tube heat exchanger with multiple rows of tubes using ANSYS (Fluent). The objective of this study is to numerically investigate finned tube heat exchanger with different type of tubes such as circular, elliptical and rectangular tubes. As circular tubes has much pressure drop so elliptical and rectangular tubes has been introduced in order to reduce pressure drop. As well as heat transfer has also been examined. The finite volume based CFD code ANSYS Fluent 16.2 is used to calculate the flow and temperature fields and by applying SIMPLEC algorithm. At low velocity of air and water, nothing significant occurred for the combination of tubes. At high velocity in maximum tube combination there was heat transfer (HT) enhancement and pressure drop reduction when compared with circular tubes only in case of air. When the combinations of circular, elliptical and rectangular tubes has been compared with circular tube heat exchanger (CTHX) heat transfer reduces as well as pressure drop (PD) also reduces for air. In case of water vapor HT and PD behaves the same. When those combinations has been compared with elliptical tube HX, for air in some cases heat transfer remains same and on other case it increases. For pressure drop in case of air, in some cases it reduces and on other cases it reduces. For elliptical tube HX for the fluid water vapor HT and PD both remains same or reduces. This work has not been with conducted any numerical simulation on rectangular Heat exchanger reason behind it there isn’t any existence of this kind of heat exchanger. However, it could be numerically conducted to examine the results between those combination and rectangular heat exchanger.
Penegakan Hukum Keimigrasian Terhadap Warga Negara Asing Anak Buah Kapal (ABK) Tangkap Ikan Secara Ilegal
Authors: Armansyah A Amrullah
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan mengananalisa Penegakan Hukum Keimigrasian Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Izin Tinggal Warga Negara Asing Anak Buah Kapal  Tangkap Ikan Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia; Untuk menganalisa Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penegakan Hukum Keimigrasian Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Izin Tinggal Warga Negara Asing Anak Buah Kapal Tangkap Ikan. Metode penelitian adalah penelitian hukum empiris yaitu pendekatan dilakukan penelitian lapangan dengan melihat serta mengamati apa yang terjadi di lapangan, penerapan peraturan-peraturan tersebut dalam prakteknya dalam masyarakat. Hasil penelitian: Penegakan Hukum keimigrasian Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Izin Tinggal Warga Negara Asing Anak Buah Kapal  Tangkap Ikan Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia sudah dilaksanakan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Penegakan Hukum Keimigrasian Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Izin Tinggal Warga Negara Asing Anak Buah Kapal  Tangkap Ikan adalah Faktor substansi hukum, faktor struktur hukum, faktor saran dan prasarana, faktor budaya hukum dan faktor pengetahuan hukum. Faktor sarana dan prasarana adalah faktor utama yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum keimigrasian di wilayah hukum Mamuju. Saran:Kepada peneliti selanjutnya untuk mengkaji lebih jauh tentang penegakan hukum keimigrasian terhadap penyalahgunaan izin warga Negara asing yang berkaitan dengan deportasi. Kepada Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Republik Indonesia untuk meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana yang digunakan untuk pemantauan di wilayah Hukum Kantor Imigrasi Kelas II Mamuju.
First-principles Demonstration of Diffusive-advective Particle Acceleration in Kinetic Simulations of Relativistic Plasma Turbulence
Authors: Wong Kai , Zhdankin Vladimir , Uzdensky Dmitri A. , Werner Gregory R. , Begelman Mitchell C.
Published: April 2020

Nonthermal relativistic plasmas are ubiquitous in astrophysical systems like pulsar wind nebulae and active galactic nuclei, as inferred from their emission spectra. The underlying nonthermal particle acceleration (NTPA) processes have traditionally been modeled with a Fokker–Planck (FP) diffusion-advection equation in momentum space. In this Letter, we directly test the FP framework in ab initio kinetic simulations of driven magnetized turbulence in relativistic pair plasma. By statistically analyzing the motion of tracked particles, we demonstrate the diffusive nature of NTPA and measure the FP energy diffusion (D) and advection (A) coefficients as functions of particle energy 

. We find that

scales as

in the high-energy nonthermal tail, in line with second-order Fermi acceleration theory, but has a much weaker scaling at lower energies. We also find that A is not negligible and reduces NTPA by tending to pull particles toward the peak of the particle energy distribution. This study provides strong support for the FP picture of turbulent NTPA, thereby enhancing our understanding of space and astrophysical plasmas.
Social Media and Digital Citizenship: The Urgency of Digital Literacy in The Middle of A Disrupted Society Era
Authors: Saputra Meidi , Siddiq Imamul Huda Al
Published: April 2020

The rapid development of technology and communication had given birth to a new world order that gave an impact on all aspects of the lives of citizens. This new world order was often known as social media; a new media that was born in the digital era as a result of the existence of the internet. This media made the mobility of citizens' lives became faster so that the interaction among them almost has no boundary, and resulted in the concept of digital citizenship. The emergence of social media certainly brought positive and negative impacts that automatically created disruption to citizens' behavior. The phenomenon of the spread of black campaigns, hate speech, false news (hoaxes), heated arguments toward each other became a common issue as a result of the citizens’ unpreparedness in facing an era of disruption. Therefore, digital literacy was a necessity in this era of disrupted society so that becoming a smart and good citizen would not only be a discourse on the issue of citizenship.
Desigualdades estructurales en el vínculo entre escuela y comunidad rural: tres casos de abandono escolar
Authors: Aguilar Balam Karla Stefanie , Ek Yam Geysi Yazury , Alamilla Morejón Pedro , Rodríguez Juanita
Published: April 2020

La vinculación entre escuela y comunidad rural se ha caracterizado por la presencia de profundas desigualdades estructurales, entre ellas, el abandono escolar de los jóvenes y la consiguiente falta de oportunidades para mejorar sus condiciones de vida.  El objetivo de este artículo es describir las experiencias de tres jóvenes de una comunidad rural, que abandonaron la escuela y actualmente laboran, a quienes se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas acerca de sus experiencias escolares, las causas de su deserción, y la importancia y utilidad que le otorgan a la educación.  Se concluye la necesidad de que los jóvenes de comunidades rurales amplíen sus proyecciones acerca de las oportunidades que la educación formal les ofrece, para evitar el abandono escolar; asimismo, la importancia del involucramiento de los padres de familia y de los docentes para propiciar un ambiente seguro y mantener el interés por la permanencia de los jóvenes en la escuela.
Pedagogia das competências como princípio de organização curricular: “efeitos colaterais” para a educação superior...
Authors: Rezer Ricardo
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste ensaio é problematizar a Pedagogia das Competências como princípio de organização curricular para a educação superior. Inicialmente, o texto apresenta considerações acerca de uma ideia de universidade, considerando que a discussão proposta parte, antes de mais nada, de uma concepção e de um projeto de universidade. Logo após, apresenta uma problematização da noção de Pedagogia das Competências como princípio de organização curricular. Este tópico se subdivide em três momentos. No primeiro, apresenta reflexões acerca da etimologia da palavra competência. Logo após, procura demonstrar que “competência” é uma característica humana de segundo nível. Finalmente, apresenta alguns “efeitos colaterais” da Pedagogia das Competências como princípio de organização curricular para a educação superior. Alçar esta lógica (a partir de uma característica humana de segundo nível) como princípio de organização curricular se trata de um grande equívoco, com prejuízos incalculáveis para a educação superior brasileira.
Moderating Effect of Professor-Student Interaction on the Relationship between Career Decision Self-efficacy and Major Satisfaction among Nursing Students
Authors: Hyun Hye Sun , Kim Yunyoung
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of career decision self-efficacy on major satisfaction among nursing students, and to examine the moderating effect of professor-student interaction on career decision self-efficacy and major satisfaction. Methods: This study analyzed the data of 307 students among fourth-year university nursing students in A and C cities from May 2017 to July 2017 using the SPSS 24.0 statistics program. Results: There were significantly positive relationships between career decision self-efficacy, major satisfaction, and professor-student interaction. The professor-student interaction showed moderating effects in the relationship between career decision self-efficacy and major satisfaction, with 52.7% of explanatory power. Conclusion: This finding suggests the importance of career decision self-efficacy and the moderating effects of professor-student interaction to increase nursing students' satisfaction in their major. Therefore, it is necessary to make diverse efforts in the field of education to improve students' career decision self-efficacy and professor-student interaction.
Influence of Positive Thinking and Self-esteem on School Adjustment of Freshmen in a Nursing Department
Authors: Kim Su Ol
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of positive thinking and self-esteem on school adaptation among freshmen in a nursing department. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 172 nursing students in the month of December 2017. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: A positive correlation was found for school adaptation with positive thinking and self-esteem. Positive thinking, self-esteem, major satisfaction and interpersonal relationships were all significant predictors of school adaptation. The model explained 43.6% of the variables. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that positive thinking should be considered when developing strategies to increase school adaptation among freshmen in nursing departments.
Physicochemical and Organoleptic Characterization of Flours and Some Food Products Processed from Ten Maize Varieties (Zea mays) Cultivated in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Akpro L. A. , Prudence Deffan K. , Gbogouri G. A. , Ban-Koffi Louis , Assemand K. E. , Nemlin G. J.
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the processing aptitude of maize varieties into food products to be promoted in Côte d’Ivoire.

Methodology: Three dishes have been developed from ten maize varieties (MAAN16, PGBR, PGB18, AAA3, KF18, CJB, KO/Na4, KO/Na3, KO/Wa6, and EV99MRP). The sensory criteria used for the acceptability of the food products were the taste, the flavor and the color. Prior to the preparation of maize flour based food, like cakes, cooked flour paste (tôh) and semolina porridge,  the biochemical and physicochemical characteristics (moisture content, fat, protein content, ash content, carbohydrate, total sugar and reducers and pH) and functional characteristics of maize were determined. Hedonic   and descriptive tests were performed   with 30 and 15 panelists respectively.

Results: The maize varieties presented good nutritional and technological potentialities because of their high content in essential compounds likely to influence the organoleptic characteristics of the processed food.  The lowest starch content was MAAN16 with 38.58 ± 0.45% dw and the highest was CJB with 71.85 ± 0.56% dw. The lowest protein content is 5.56 ± 0.17% dw at CJB and the highest protein content is 13.66 ± 0.33% dw in KO/Na3. The lowest fat content is 3.87 ± 0.12% dw (in KO/Na4) and the highest is 12.56 ± 0.50% dw (in MAAN16); the lowest carbohydrate level is 63.27 ± 0.01% dw (in MAAN16) and the highest is 74.92± 0.03% dw (in CJB). The acceptability of the cakes, the cooked flour paste and the semolina porridge depended on the maize variety. Foods prepared from maize varieties CJB, KO/Na3, KO/Wa6, MAAN16 and PGBR were the most appreciated by tasters.
Staining Property of Alcoholic and Aqueous Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract in Demonstration of Selected Bacteria in Tissue Sections of Wistar Rats
Authors: Ma’aruf S. Y. , Mohammed M. O. , Muhammad A. T. , Okechi O. O. , Tsamiya R. I. , Abubakar U. , Mohammed I. , Umar A. , Sani S. M. , Kabir H. , Bello B. A. , Garba S. , Abubakar S. D.
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Dye is used for the artificial colouration of a substance to facilitate its examination by the use of the coloured organic molecule, a process called staining. Over the past many years, it has been observed that synthetic dyes have many disadvantages associated with them like toxicity and allergenicity. This study aimed to determine the staining effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts of various concentration, various pH and duration in bacteria staining compared with Gram’s staining.

Methods: Standard Gram stains as control and both Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts (alcohol and boiled water) were used to stain inflammatory appendix tissue and lung tissue inoculated with bacteria using various concentration (5% and 10%), at various duration (30 seconds and 1 hour) and with change of pH, achieved by treating the extracts with ammonium hydroxide and glacial acetic acid. Each was used as a counterstain in bacterial stain (to replace Safranin/Neutral red) Safranin/Neutral red.

Results: All extracts after treatment were acidic but the change of pH was indirectly proportional to the staining ability of the extracts. The Hibiscus solutions gave the background, a brown colouration. And inflammatory cells were demonstrated better than the bacteria with aqueous Hibiscus solution strongly when compared with the alcoholic Hibiscus solution.

Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that Hibiscus solution has the potential for use in diagnostic bacteriology in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section.
Dendrimer size effects on the selective brain tumor targeting in orthotopic tumor models upon systemic administration
Authors: Liaw Kevin , Zhang Fan , Mangraviti Antonella , Kannan Sujatha , Tyler Betty , Kannan Rangaramanujam M.
Published: April 2020

Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumors, with a median survival of 15–20 months for patients receiving maximal interventions. Advances in nanomedicine have provided tumor‐specific delivery of chemotherapeutics to potentially overcome their off‐target toxicities. Recent advances in dendrimer‐based nanomedicines have established that hydroxyl‐terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers can intrinsically target neuroinflammation and brain tumors from systemic administration without the need for targeting moieties. The size of nanocarriers is a critical parameter that determines their tumor‐targeting efficiency, intratumor distribution, and clearance mechanism. In this study, we explore the dendrimer size effects on brain tumor targeting capability in two clinically relevant orthotopic brain tumor models, the 9L rat and GL261 mouse models, which capture differing aspects of gliomas. We show that increasing dendrimers from Generation 4 to Generation 6 significantly enhances their tumor accumulation (~10‐fold greater at 24 hr), tumor specificity (~2–3 fold higher), and tumor retention. The superior tumor targeting effect of G6 dendrimers is associated with its reduced renal clearance rate, resulting in longer circulation time compared to G4 dendrimers. Additionally, the increase in dendrimer generation does not compromise its homogeneous tumor distribution and intrinsic targeting of tumor‐associated macrophages. These results validate the potential for these dendrimers as an effective, clinically translatable platform for effectively targeting tumor‐associated macrophages in malignant gliomas.
Alcohol consumption and associated harms among university students in Australia: Findings from a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tanudjaja Selita Agnus , Chih HuiJun , Burns Sharyn , Crawford Gemma , Hallett Jonathan , Jancey Jonine
Published: April 2020

Issue addressed

University students regularly report alcohol consumption in excess of Australian guidelines for harm. However, previous studies have overlooked the experiences of mature‐aged students. This study assessed alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related harms among university students aged 18‐50 years old in Australia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey with convenience sample of university students was used in this study. Unadjusted ordinal logistic regressions were performed to explore associations between student characteristics and frequency of alcohol consumption as well as number of standard drinks consumed. Logistic regressions adjusted for student characteristics were performed to assess associations between alcohol consumptions and alcohol‐related harm.

Results

Of the respondents (n = 486), 82% consumed alcohol, of which 50% consumed more than two standard drinks on any day. Age was significantly associated with amount consumed and blackout. Students aged 31‐50 years were less likely to consume more than two standard drinks on any day (odds ratio, OR: 0.62, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.40, 0.97); and less likely to experience blackout (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.83) than those aged 18‐20 years. Interestingly, reducing consumption to no more than once a month, when compared to more than twice a month, reduced risk of blackout only for those aged less than 31‐50 years old (adjusted OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.04, 1.13).

Conclusions

Older university students are less likely to drink more than two standard drinks on any day than their younger counterparts.

So what?

It is recommended that interventions target younger students; however, older students may assist in understanding factors that influence low risk alcohol consumption.
Association between the rs9131 and rs3806792 polymorphisms of the CXCL2 gene and the risk of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in a Guangxi population
Authors: Lu Yu , Zeng Jie , Yang Shi , Hu Zuojian , Li Limin , Yu Hongli , Qin Xue
Published: April 2020

Background

Genetic polymorphisms in the CXCL2 may participate in the progress of HBV‐related HCC. However, no researches have evaluated the association between them.

Methods

To figure out the effects of CXCL2 gene polymorphisms on the risk of HBV‐related HCC, two major variants of CXCL2 and their association with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), HBV‐related liver cirrhosis (LC), and HCC were conducted in a Guangxi population. CXCL2 polymorphisms rs9131 and rs3806792 were examined in 147 healthy controls, 138 CHB patients, 137 HBV‐related LC patients, and 150 HBV‐related HCC patients, using the SNaPshot™ genotyping technique.

Results

No significant differences were found regarding the CXCL2 rs9131 and rs3806792 polymorphisms among the case groups (including CHB, LC, and HCC) and the healthy controls, no matter in comparisons of alleles, genotypes, or haplotypes. Similar insignificant results were also observed when subgroup analyses were performed in different gender. However, when compared the frequencies of allele and genotype in the healthy individuals of our research and those from the 1000 Genomes Project, CC and C for rs9131, and TT and T for rs3806792 of CXCL2 in our healthy controls were only similar with those in Han Chinese in Beijing, but significantly higher than other ethnicities; this indicates that these two polymorphisms of CXCL2 may be not associated with the pathogenesis of HBV‐related HCC in Chinese population, but may play a role in other ethnicities.

Conclusion

Our observation suggests that SNPs rs9131 and rs3806792 of CXCL2 gene might not contribute to the development of CHB, HBV‐related LC, and HCC in a Guangxi population.
“The Pattern for Jewish Reformation”: The Impact of Lessing on Nineteenth-Century German Jewish Religious Thought
Authors: Kohler George Y.
Published: April 2020

The widespread Jewish sympathies for Lessing’s pre-Hegelian, pro-Jewish, progressive Deism from the Education of the Human Race spurred some Jewish authors to return to and discuss Lessing’s religious thought within the theological endeavors of the Wissenschaft des Judentums in nineteenth-century Germany. To be able to rely on Lessing, even retroactively, was welcome proof for Jewish Reformers that the humanistic approach to religious problems that stood at the very center of their project was at once Jewish and universal. It was the spirit of Lessing’s Education that was appropriated here for Judaism rather than Lessing’s letter. With Lessing in the camp of Reform Judaism the intended modernization of Judaism was safeguarded against the accusation of political and social egoism on the part of the Jews. It was the universal idea of religious progress that they shared with Lessing, not just the sloughing off of the yoke of outdated talmudic law.
Imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics induced by low PGC-1α expression contributes to hepatocyte EMT and liver fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Linzhong , Zhang Yanghao , Chang Xinxiang , Zhang Xiuying
Published: April 2020

An imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics induced by oxidative stress may lead to hepatocyte epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and liver fibrosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics in hepatocyte EMT and liver fibrosis using an in vitro human (L-02 cells, hepatic cell line) and an in vivo mouse model of liver fibrosis. Findings showed that oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial DNA damage was associated with abnormal mitochondrial fission and hepatocyte EMT. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers apocynin and mito-tempo effectively attenuated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced abnormal mitochondrial fission and liver fibrosis. Restoring mitochondrial biogenesis attenuated hepatocyte EMT. Oxidative stress-induced abnormal hepatocyte mitochondrial fission events by a mechanism that involved the down regulation of PGC-1α. PGC-1α knockout mice challenged with CCl4 had increased abnormal mitochondrial fission and more severe liver fibrosis than wild type mice. These results indicate that PGC-1α has a protective role in oxidative stress-induced-hepatocyte EMT and liver fibrosis.
Atemwegsmanagement bei Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule
Authors: Obermaier Manuel , Schneider Niko , Popp Erik , Weilbacher Frank
Published: April 2020

Das Atemwegsmanagement bei Trauma der Halswirbelsäule ist eine Herausforderung: Der vital bedrohte Patient soll eine suffiziente Immobilisation erhalten, wodurch aber die Atemwegssicherung erschwert wird. Der Beitrag thematisiert den Stellenwert von Immobilisierung und Atemwegssicherung in dieser zeitkritischen Situation, Vorteile und Fallstricke verschiedener Atemwegshilfsmittel sowie die pathoanatomischen und pathophysiologischen Hintergründe.
Vergleich von 2 Klassifikationssystemen zur Beurteilung der Katheter-Austritts-Stelle von zentralvenösen Hämodialysekathetern
Authors: Erkel Martina , Farahmand Parvis
Published: April 2020

Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz benötigen zur Nierenersatztherapie einen dauerhaften Gefäßzugang. Zentralvenöse Hämodialysekatheter sind hier eine häufig verwendete Möglichkeit des Gefäßzugangs. Die Beurteilung der Katheter-Austritts-Stellen (KAST) durch das Pflegefachpersonal ist essenziell zur Erkennung von Infektionen und Prävention von Komplikationen. Allerdings bestehen in der Praxis häufig unterschiedliche Auffassungen hinsichtlich der KAST-Beurteilung. Diese Arbeit erstellt einen Vergleich von 2 KAST-Klassifikationssystemen von Dialysekathetern mit Fokus auf die Differenzierung zwischen infektiösen und nichtinfektiösen KAST. Die Untersuchung erfolgte in einem Dialysezentrum mit 90 Hämodialysepatienten mit 25 % Vorhofkathetern als Dialysezugang. Mittels Fragebogen wurden pflegerische Mitarbeiter des Dialysezentrums gebeten, verschiedene KAST sowohl nach der Bewertungsskala in Anlehnung an die Klassifikation nach Twardowski als auch nach dem Exit-Site-Score nach Schaefer zu klassifizieren mit anschließender Mitarbeiterbefragung. Die Mitarbeiter klassifizierten infektiöse KAST mit dem Exit-Site-Score nach Schaefer zu 87 % und mit der Bewertungsskala nach Twardowski zu 81 % korrekt, nichtinfektiöse KAST mit dem Exit-Site-Score nach Schaefer zu 91 % und mit der Bewertungsskala in Anlehnung an die Klassifikation nach Twardowski zu 85 % korrekt. Im direkten Vergleich der beiden Systeme belegen die hohen korrekten Einschätzungen bei beiden Systemen ihren klinischen Nutzen. In der deskriptiven Auswertung zeigen sich geringe Vorteile bei der Verwendung des Exit-Site-Score nach Schaefer sowohl für die Beurteilung infektiöser als auch nichtinfektiöser KAST.
It takes a family to lighten the load! The impact of family-to-business support on the stress and creativity of women micro-entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijewardena Nilupama , Samaratunge Ramanie , Kumara Ajantha Sisira , Newman Alex , Abeysekera Lakmal
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether family-to-business support acts as a job resource that attenuates the negative effects of work demands on the stress and creativity of women micro-entrepreneurs in the informal sector in Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 359 women micro-entrepreneurs and their respective case officers in local government were used to test the hypothesized relationship between work demands and their creativity through the mediating mechanism of stress and the moderating effect of family-to-business support on the said relationship.

Findings

Work demands reduced creativity through heightening the levels of stress faced by women micro-entrepreneurs. However, family-to-business support reduced the negative influence of work demands on creativity through stress.

Practical implications

Women micro-entrepreneurs should build strong family ties to obtain support from family members. In addition, government training programs that target women micro-entrepreneurs should be extended to include their immediate family members.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature by examining whether family-to-business support buffers the negative effects of work demands for women micro-entrepreneurs in the informal sector. In doing so it makes a theoretical contribution by testing the key tenets of the JD-R model in entrepreneurial settings.
Digital trade facilitation and bilateral trade in selected Asian countries
Authors: Ismail Normaz Wana
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Digital technology is gaining attention among many scholars as a way to facilitate trade. This study aims to investigate three important digital dimensions (DD), namely, digital infrastructure, digital usage and digital security on trade using selected Asian countries and 20 selected trade partners. Digital infrastructure focussed on the availability and accessibility of digital infrastructure in exporting and importing countries. The second dimension, digital usage, highlights the importance of household usage of mobile phones, broadband data and the internet. Finally, the third dimension focusses on digital security as many online transactions occur across the globe.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses the gravity model to investigate the impact of DD as tools to facilitate trade in selected Asian countries with selected trading partners between 2003 and 2017. The Hausman test is used to determine whether to use the random effect model or fixed effect model. However, for robustness, the Hausman and Taylor estimation is used to allow the time-invariant model to be included and at the same time to remove correlations between the error terms.

Findings

The result of this study confirmed that having digital infrastructure is not sufficient for trade facilitation, but it must be supported with an intensity of use by businesses and consumers and be accompanied by strong internet security for trade. The study also revealed that a narrowing digital divide in terms internet users and security will be a benefit to both trade partners in a transaction through better and efficient trade facilitation.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the literature in three ways. First, the classification of DD is used to identify which dimensions need to be addressed for policymakers. Most studies focussed on the first two dimensions without including security dimensions. Second, the authors estimate digital trade facilitation variables for both exporters and importers to ensure unbiased results between two trade partners. Finally, this study introduces new variables in the analysis of the digital user gap and the digital security gap as indicators for the digital divide.
Winter in water: differential responses and the maintenance of biodiversity
Authors: McMeans Bailey C. , McCann Kevin S. , Guzzo Matthew M. , Bartley Timothy J. , Bieg Carling , Blanchfield Paul J. , Fernandes Timothy , Giacomini Henrique C. , Middel Trevor , Rennie Michael D. , Ridgway Mark S. , Shuter Brian J.
Published: April 2020

The ecological consequences of winter in freshwater systems are an understudied but rapidly emerging research area. Here, we argue that winter periods of reduced temperature and light (and potentially oxygen and resources) could play an underappreciated role in mediating the coexistence of species. This may be especially true for temperate and subarctic lakes, where seasonal changes in the thermal environment might fundamentally structure species interactions. With climate change already shortening ice‐covered periods on temperate and polar lakes, consideration of how winter conditions shape biotic interactions is urgently needed. Using freshwater fishes in northern temperate lakes as a case study, we demonstrate how physiological trait differences (e.g. thermal preference, light sensitivity) drive differential behavioural responses to winter among competing species. Specifically, some species have a higher capacity for winter activity than others. Existing and new theory is presented to argue that such differential responses to winter can promote species coexistence. Importantly, if winter is a driver of niche differences that weaken competition between, relative to within species, then shrinking winter periods could threaten coexistence by tipping the scales in favour of certain sets of species over others.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mercury-Resistant
Serratia
sp. Strain SRS-8-S-2018
Authors: Gendy Sherif , Pathak Ashish , Agarwal Meenakshi , Rathore Rajesh Singh , Chauhan Ashvini
Published: April 2020

A mercury (Hg)-resistant
Serratia
sp. strain, SRS-8-S-2018, was isolated, followed by generation of its draft genome sequence, which indicated a genomic size of 5,323,630 bp composed of 5,261 coding sequences. A suite of genomic functions in strain SRS-8-S-2018 was identified, and these likely facilitate survival in a metalliferous soil habitat.
Respiratory pathogens and acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ploton Marie-Caroline , Sommet Julie , Koehl Bérengère , Gaschignard Jean , Holvoet Laurent , Mariani-Kurkdjian Patricia , Benkerrou Malika , Le Roux Enora , Bonacorsi Stephane , Faye Albert
Published: April 2020

Background

Acute chest syndromes (ACS) may be associated with upper respiratory tract infections, but the epidemiology of viral and intracellular respiratory pathogens in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is not precisely known. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of viral and intracellular respiratory pathogens in children with SCD presenting with fever and/or ACS.

Materials and methods

An observational, prospective, single-centre cohort study with nested case–control analysis was conducted on children with SCD admitted from October 2016 to October 2017 for fever and/or ACS to the paediatric department of Robert Debré university hospital, Paris, France. They were screened for 20 respiratory pathogens by a multiplex PCR in the nasopharynx (FilmArray).

Results

We included 101 children. M/F sex ratio of 0.45. The median age was 3.2 years (IQR: 1.4–8.2). At least one pathogen was isolated in 67 patients (67%). The most frequent viruses were as follows: rhinovirus (n=33), adenovirus (n=14), respiratory syncytial virus (n=13) and parainfluenza viruses (n=11). Mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected in one case. Twenty-three (23%) presented with or developed ACS. A nested case–control analysis was performed, after pairing ACS with non-ACS children for age and inclusion period. There was no statistical association between any viral detection or multiple viral infection, and ACS (p=0.51) even though parainfluenza viruses were twice as common in ACS.

Conclusions

Viral detection in febrile children with SCD is frequent, but its association with ACS was not demonstrated. In this study, M. pneumoniae was rare in young children with SCD experiencing ACS.
Transfusion-Dependent Anemia in a Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplant Recipient
Authors: Gopal Jeevan Prakash , Taube David , Martin John , Deplano Simona , Desai Saral , Papalois Vassilios , Muthusamy Anand Sivaprakash Rathnasamy
Published: April 2020

A case of transfusion-dependent anemia in a simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplant recipient that masqueraded as gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is described. The anemia was attributed to bleeding from the donor duodenal cuff based on balloon enteroscopy findings. The patient underwent multiple contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans and multiple endoscopies with confounding features until, eventually, the diagnosis was established. We discuss the diagnostic difficulties and the therapeutic dilemma, along with the pitfalls in ascertaining the final diagnosis.
Intermittency Study of Charged Particles Generated in Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV Using EPOS3
Authors: Gupta Ramni , Malik Salman Khurshid
Published: April 2020

Charged particle multiplicity fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions are studied for the central events generated using EPOS3 (hydro and hydro+cascade) at sNN=2.76 TeV. Intermittency analysis is performed in the midrapidity region in two-dimensional (η, ϕ) phase space within the narrow transverse momentum (pT) bins in the low pT region (pT≤1.0 GeV/c). Power-law scaling of the normalized factorial moments with the number of bins is not observed to be significant in any of the pT bins. Scaling exponent ν, deduced for a few pT bins, is greater than that of the value 1.304, predicted for the second-order phase transition by the Ginzburg-Landau theory. The link in the notions of fractality is also studied. Generalized fractal dimensions, Dq, are observed to decrease with the order of the moment q suggesting the multifractal nature of the particle generation in EPOS3.
The Antiproliferative and Antifibrotic Effects of Cisplatin on Primary Human Vocal Fold Fibroblasts
Authors: Xu Haoyuan , Wang Qi , Fan Guo-Kang
Published: April 2020

Objective: Vocal fold scarring and laryngeal stenosis are major clinical challenges. Current drugs do not efficiently reduce scarring. We examined the antiproliferative and antifibrotic effects of cisplatin on primary human vocal fold fibroblasts (HVFFs). Methods: HVFFs were cultured in vitro and identified by immunocytochemistry. The relative viability of HVFFs was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays (CCK-8). The fibrogenic phenotype was induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and reversed by cisplatin as shown by immunocytochemistry. Real-time PCR and Western blotting assessed collagen III and I. Western blotting for Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad-3, p-Smad3 and caspase-3 were performed. Results: CCK-8 results showed that cisplatin decreased the relative viability of HVFFs, and Western blots revealed elevation of the apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 in HVFFs. Cisplatin treatment reduced α-smooth muscle actin staining intensity in the presence of TGF-β1. Real-time PCR revealed the downregulation of collagen III and I in cisplatin-treated HVFFs. The TGF-β1-induced increased fibrogenic protein levels were decreased by cisplatin. Reduced levels were detected at late time points. Conclusions: Cisplatin induces antiproliferative and antifibrotic alterations in HVFFs. Cisplatin may prevent postoperative vocal fold scarring and laryngeal stenosis in patients treated with CO2 laser microsurgery and undergoing delayed wound healing.
Efeito de diferentes intervalos recuperativos sobre as respostas musculares, sanguíneas e hemodinâmicas
Authors: Mendonça Filipe Rodrigues , Silva Jadson Marcio da , Santos Amanda Xavier dos , Silveira Natália Paludo , Antunes Melissa , Elias Rui Gonçalves Marques , Borges Marcelo Brandão , Santos Claudinei Ferreira dos
Published: April 2020

O treinamento com pesos é uma estratégia para controle de processos ocorridos com o envelhecimento e o período de intervalo entre as séries pode determinar a carga total de treinamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o desempenho muscular, lactato sanguíneo, índice de fadiga e variáveis hemodinâmicas em diferentes intervalos de recuperação após exercício isocinético. O estudo foi realizado com 11 indivíduos de meia idade (57.00 ± 7.2 anos) que praticavam treinamento com pesos a mais de seis meses. Os voluntários realizaram duas visitas ao Laboratório de Avaliação Física da Universidade, onde realizaram três séries de 10 repetições concêntricas com 60º/segundo na extensão e flexão de joelho em dinamômetro isocinético. Na primeira visita 60 segundos de descanso entre as séries foram realizados e na segunda visita 90 segundos. As variáveis analisadas foram pico de torque (Nm), Trabalho Total (J), Índice de Fadiga (%), Frequência Cardíaca (bpm), Pressão Arterial Sistólica e Diastólica (mmHg) e Concentração de Lactato Sanguíneo (mmol/L). Para comparação entre os dados foi utilizado a Análise de Variância (p<0.05). Após análise pode-se verificar que não houve diferenças significativas entre intervalo de recuperação de 60 e 90 segundos na força muscular, índice de fadiga, concentração de lactato sanguíneo e variáveis hemodinâmicas. Conclui-se que para indivíduos que estão em processo de envelhecimento, aparentemente 60 ou 90 segundos de intervalo entre as séries ocasionam as mesmas respostas. Esse achado pode ser importante para profissionais da educação física na prescrição de exercícios.
Análise eletromiográfica de músculos do abdome e reto femoral em exercícios abdominais com e sem superfície instável
Authors: Lizardo Frederico Balbino , Sousa Gilmar Da Cunha , Silva Daniela Cristina de Oliveira , Bernardino Júnior Roberto , Resende Jacqueline Pereira Moraes , Silva Dioniz Bezerra da , Bérzin Fausto , Bigaton Delaine Rodrigues
Published: April 2020

Os exercícios abdominais são realizados visando a prevenção e/ou reabilitação de dores na região lombar, a melhoria do rendimento atlético, aumento da resistência e força do tronco durante o desempenho das atividades da vida diária e pela estética. Objetivou-se analisar e comparar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos rectus abdominis parte superior (RAS) e parte inferior (RAI), obliquus externus abdominis (OE), obliquus internus abdominis (OI) e rectus femoris (RF) durante o exercício abdominal tradicional com e sem a utilização do bosu e bola de ginástica. A amostra foi composta por dez voluntários do gênero masculino, fisicamente ativos e sem distúrbio neuromuscular. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando-se eletrodos de superfície diferenciais simples, com ganho de 20 vezes, e registrada por meio de um eletromiógrafo computadorizado. O sinal eletromiográfico foi quantificado pela Raiz Quadrada da Média (Root Mean Square [RMS]) e normalizado (RMSn) pela Contração Isométrica Voluntária Máxima. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística paramétrica, empregando-se teste de análise de variância de medidas repetidas (Anova). Os resultados demonstraram que atividade do músculo RAS no exercício com bosu foi significativamente maior em relação ao tradicional (p < 0.05), todavia, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p > 0.05) para músculos RAI, OE, OI e RF, entre todos exercícios abdominais (tradicional, bosu e bola de ginástica). Conclui-se que a utilização do bosu no exercício abdominal pode ser um fator desejável e necessário em estágios específicos de programas de reabilitação e/ou treinamento físico, principalmente quando objetiva-se aumentar o recrutamento da parte superior do músculo rectus abdominis (RAS).
Atividade física associada ao ambiente urbano: um estudo com mulheres de três cidades litorâneas de Santa Catarina
Authors: Jonck Vanessa Terezinha Ferrari , Araujo Camila Da Cruz Ramos de , Hammes Jorge Fernando , Pazin Joris , Boing Leonessa , Rocha Mariana , Parcias Silvia Rosane , Machado Zenite , Guimarães Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo
Published: April 2020

O estudo analisou a prática de atividade física (AF) associada ao ambiente urbano de mulheres de cidades litorâneas de Santa Catarina (SC). Amostra foi composta por 1127 mulheres de Florianópolis, São José e Itajaí (SC). Utilizou-se o IPAQ – versão curta e o Questionário de Ambiente percebido: versão brasileira (NEWS). A coleta de dados ocorreu em agosto de 2012 a março de 2013. Realizou-se estatística descritiva, teste Qui quadrado, ANOVA com post hoc e análise de regressão multinomial bruta e ajustada (p<0,05). Aproximadamente 50% das mulheres foram consideradas muito ativas, destacando-se Florianópolis, com maior tempo de AF moderada+vigorosa. Observou-se associação entre a prática de AF e presença de lixo próximo a sua casa, proximidade à orla, ruas iluminadas, convite de parentes e praça com equipamentos de ginástica. Concluiu-se que características do ambiente urbano parecem influenciar a prática de AF de mulheres muito ativas e ativas de três cidades litorâneas de SC.
Possibilidades atuais de um teatro crítico
Authors: Azevedo Elizabeth R.
Published: April 2020

Carta de Jean-Pierre Sarrazac a Sérgio de Carvalho
Factors and Trends in the Development of Institutional and Organizational Leadership in the Leading Scientific and Technical Sectors and Basic Research
Authors: Korneeva I.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the development of institutional and organizational leadership in the leading scientific and technical sectors and fundamental research. The paper presents the characteristics of the categories “organizational leadership” and “institutional leadership”, the features of effective leadership. Methodological tools of the study: analysis of statistical sources of information. As the study showed, the formation and development of leading positions are influenced by a number of factors. Their analysis is carried out, tendencies of development of leadership in the leading scientific and technical sectors and fundamental researches are revealed. It is concluded that an important task is the choice of the country’s development in the field of science and technology. The author considers the ways in which it is possible to develop institutional and organizational leadership in the leading scientific and technical sectors and fundamental research.
Rushed Innovation: Evidence from Drug Licensing
Authors: Hermosilla Manuel
Published: April 2020

We study the drug licensing behavior (acquisition of rights for developing drugs) of large pharmaceutical firms in the aftermath of large negative shocks to their pipelines, phase 3 failures (P3Fs). We find that P3Fs lead to increased licensing within a year of the event. This result is significant, because one year is a short window given the usual timelines—licensing is a lengthy process that requires extensive planning and careful execution. Supported by a series of additional results, we interpret this finding as a reflection of rushed firm behavior. Correspondingly, our main finding is that drugs licensed in these circumstances (within a year of a P3F event) underperform in subsequent development: they are significantly less likely to reach the market compared with others licensed in normal conditions. Further analysis suggests that this underperformance may stem from the influence of rush on activities taking place in the “last mile” of the licensing process and could hinge on the quality of the agreements that firms converge to during contract negotiations.

This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.