bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-production of two whole-school sexual health interventions for English secondary schools: Positive Choices and Project Respect
Authors: Ponsford Ruth , Meiksin Rebecca , Crichton Joanna , Bragg Sara , Emmerson Lucy , Tancred Tara , Tilouche Nerissa , Morgan Gemma , Gee Pete , Young Honor , Campbell Rona , Bonell Chris
Published: March 2020

Background: Improving adolescent sexual health remains a priority in the UK. Whole-school interventions represent promising approaches, but they have not been rigorously tested in the UK context. Involving potential recipients, implementers and other key stakeholders in the development of such complex interventions prior to formal piloting and evaluation is widely recommended. We report on co-production with expert providers, students, school staff and other practice and policy professionals of two new whole-school sexual heath interventions for implementation in English secondary schools.Methods: Qualitative inquiry involving seventy-five students aged 13–15 and 22 school staff. A group of young people trained to advise on public health research were consulted on three occasions. Twenty-three practitioners and policy makers shared their views at a stakeholder event. Detailed written summaries of meetings and events were prepared and key themes identified to inform the design of each intervention. Results: Data confirmed acceptability of addressing unintended teenage pregnancy, sexual health and dating and relationships violence via multi-component whole-school interventions and curriculum delivery by teachers (providing appropriate teacher selection). The need to ensure content reflected the reality of young people’s lives; enable flexibility for the timetabling of lessons and mode of parent communication; provide prescriptive teaching materials for time pressed teachers; and develop robust school engagement strategies were also highlighted and informed intervention refinements. Our research further points to some of the challenges involved in accessing and incorporating stakeholder input where it may conflict with best practice or what is practicable within the constraints of a trial.Conclusions: Multi-component, whole-school approaches to addressing sexual health may be feasible for implementation in English secondary schools. They must be adaptable to individual school settings; limit burden on staff; and accurately reflect the realities of young people’s lives. When co-producing, potential limitations in relation to the representativeness of participants, the ‘depth’ of engagement necessary as well as the burden on participants and how they will be recompensed must be carefully considered. Well-defined, transparent procedures for deciding how stakeholder input will be incorporated from the outset are also essential. Formal feasibility testing of both co-produced interventions in English secondary schools via cluster RCT regarding feasibility is warranted. Trial registration: Project Respect: ISRCTN12524938. Positive Choices: ISRCTN65324176
Reducing miR485-3p ameliorates Alzheimer`s disease pathology by regulation of amyloid beta and neuro-inflammation
Authors: Koh Han Seok , Jang Hannah , Tae SooKil , Lee mi-sun , Min Jae-Woong , Mun Hui jin , Lee Ji na , Lee Hyo Jin , KIM Dae Hoon , Cho Hyun-Jeong , Ryu Jin-Hyeob
Published: March 2020

Background Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles and neuroinflammation play the important neuro-pathology in patients with AD. miRNA is multifunctional and involved in physiological and pathological processes. Recently, microRNAs have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is little known whether miRNA dysregulation contributes to AD pathology progression such as Aβ processing, phagocytosis and neuroinflammation. Here, we identify miR485-3p as a novel modulator of AD pathology in 5XFAD mice. Methods To study the role of miR485-3p in AD, we used in control or miR485-3p antisense oligonucleotides (miR485-3p ASO) injected 5XFAD mouse model. Changes of Aβ processing and clearance and inflammation were analyzed by biochemical method in vitro and in vivo. Result This study suggests that miR485-3p, a novel miRNA targeting SIRT1 may contribute to pathogenesis in an AD mouse. We found SIRT1 is significantly reduced in the precentral gyrus of Alzheimer patient`s and in 5XFAD mice. To determine whether the inhibition of miRNA 485-3p would affect AD pathology, we studied the effect of the antisense oligo in the brain of 5XFAD mice through direct intracerebral ventricular injection with miR485-3p ASO. We demonstrated that miR485-3p ASO significantly reduced Aβ plaque and amyloid biosynthetic enzyme. Importantly, the attenuation of Aβ plaques through miR485-3p ASO was mediated through Aβ phagocytic activity of glial cells, by which it can directly target CD36. MiR485-3p ASO also decreased inflammatory responses. Collectively, these responses inhibited neuronal loss caused by Aβ lead to improvements of cognitive impairment. Conclusion Our data provide evidence for the molecular mechanisms which underlie the miR485-3p ASO responses in an AD mouse model. These results suggest that attenuating miRNA 485-3p levels might represent a novel therapeutic approach in AD.
Sentinel headache as a warning symptom of ischemic stroke
Authors: Lebedeva Elena R , Ushenin Anton V. , Gurary Natalia M. , Gilev Denis V. , Olesen Jes
Published: March 2020

Background: There are no previous controlled studies of sentinel headache in ischemic stroke. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the presence of such headache, its characteristics and possible risk factors as compared to a simultaneous control group. Methods: Eligible patients (n=550) had first-ever acute ischemic stroke with presence of new infarction on magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging (n=469) or on computed tomography (n=81). As a control group we studied in parallel patients (n=192) who were admitted to the emergency room without acute neurological deficits or serious neurological or somatic disorders. Consecutive patients with stroke and a simultaneous control group were extensively interviewed soon after admission using validated neurologist conducted semi-structured interview forms. Results: Among 550 patients with stroke 94 patients (17.1%) had headache during seven days before stroke and 12 (6.2%) of controls (p<0.001; OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.7-5.8). We defined sentinel headache as a new type of headache or a previous kind of headache with altered characteristics (severe intensity, increased frequency, absence of effect of drugs) within seven days before stroke. Totally 81 patients (14.7%) had sentinel headache within the last week before stroke and one control. Attacks of arrythmia during seven days before stroke were significantly associated with sentinel headache (p=0.04, OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-4.8). Conclusions: A new type of headache and a previous kind of headache with altered characteristics during one week before stroke are significantly more prevalent than in controls. Such sentinel headache should prompt urgent examination for stroke prevention.
Tendencias, trayectorias y relaciones de poder en el discurso de construcción de paz en el periódico El Espectador (Colombia)
Authors: Grajales Sánchez Gloria Maritza , Martínez Arévalo Javier Orlando
Published: March 2020

Este artículo analiza las tendencias, trayectorias y relaciones de poder producidas en el discurso de construcción de paz de El Espectador en 3 hitos del proceso de paz adelantado en Colombia entre 2012 y 2016: inicio de diálogos, su suspensión y realización del plebiscito. Se realizó un Análisis crítico del discurso de 21 editoriales. Los resultados indican que el medio, aunque apuesta por el diálogo como estrategia para resolver el conflicto armado en Colombia, avala el uso de la violencia por parte del Estado y su postura, está influenciada por el vínculo que mantiene con el poder político del país.
Un mundo desigual
Authors: Insuasty Rodriguez Alfonso
Published: March 2020

Vivimos en un mundo cuyo modelo económico y político permite y apalanca una irracional acumulación de la riqueza en pocas manos, este fenómeno y sus consecuencias sociales, políticas, culturales y demás, son de obligatoria comprensión y transformación por parte de las Universidades y sus funciones sustantivas: investigación, formación y extensión, éstas particularmente deberían jugar un papel decisivo.
A serious gaming tool: Bow River Sim for communicating integrated water resources management
Authors: Akhtar Mohammad Khaled , de la Chevrotière Carmen , Tanzeeba Shoma , Tang Tom , Grover Patrick
Published: March 2020

Serious games provide a way for stakeholders to become engaged in and understand the issues and constraints on a real-world system. An application of a serious game is explored, as a way to improve engagement and learning of participants in a water management planning process. Bow River Sim is a single-player game that helps the user to understand the Water Resources Management Model (WRMM) and to visualize the implications and impacts around system interactions in the basin. The Bow River Sim simulates water management decision-making based on maximizing social, economic, and environmental benefits while managing limited water supply. The game incorporates the principles of ‘meaningful play’ and provides a user-friendly interface, a fun game, and visual elements. The paper aims to (a) provide an overview of Bow River Sim, (b) illustrate how innovations such as serious games enhance learning processes for the user, and (c) illustrate the application of Bow River Sim and key learnings.
Usage of SIMWE model to model urban overland flood: a case study in Oslo
Authors: Li Hong , Gao Hongkai , Zhou Yanlai , Xu Chong-Yu , Ortega M. Rengifo Z. , Sælthun Nils Roar
Published: March 2020

There has been a surge of interest in the field of urban flooding in recent years. However, current stormwater management models are often too complex to apply on a large scale. To fill this gap, we use a physically based and spatially distributed overland flow model, SIMulated Water Erosion (SIMWE). The SIMWE model requires only rainfall intensity, terrain, infiltration, and surface roughness as input. The SIMWE model has great potential for application in real-time flood forecasting. In this study, we use the SIMWE model at two resolutions (20 m and 500 m) for Oslo, and at a high resolution (1 m) at the Grefsen area, which is approximately 1.5 km2 in Oslo. The results show that the SIMWE model can generate water depth maps at both coarse and high resolutions. The spatial resolution has strong impacts on the absolute values of water depth and subsequently on the classification of flood risks. The SIMWE model at a higher spatial resolution produces more overland flow and higher estimation of flood risk with low rainfall input, but larger areas of risk with high rainfall input. The Grefsen case study shows that roads act as floodways, where overland flow accumulates and moves fast.
Effect of Reduced Meal Frequency During Ramadan Fasting on Retinal Vascular Caliper and Anterior Segment Parameters
Authors: DOĞAN Mustafa , SABANER Mehmet Cem , EROL Mehmet Akif
Published: March 2020

Aim: In
this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Ramadan fasting on retinal vascular
and anterior chamber parameters. Materials and Methods: The study included 60 healthy eyes of 30 volunteers (15
males, 15 females) who visited our clinic between May and July 2017. We
performed measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber volume (ACV),
central corneal thickness (CCT), central macular thickness (CMT), optic disc
retinal nerve fiber layer (OD-RNFL) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and
retinal vascular analysis (the central retinal artery equivalent [CRAE],
central retinal vein equivalent [CRVE], and artery-to-vein ratio [AVR]). The
measurements were repeated in the 4th and 12th hours of
the daily fasting period and 1st postprandial hour on the last 5
days of the Ramadan month, and one month after the Ramadan month. Results: The mean participant age was 29.30±8.12 years. The twelfth-hour SFCT, CRAE,
and CRVE measurements were statistically significantly lower than the values
measured one month after Ramadan (p=0.033, p=0.020, p=0.025, respectively). However,
no statistically significant difference was observed in the IOP, ACV, CCT, CMT,
OD-RNFL, and AVR measurements.

Discussion and Conclusion: We found that fasting for 12 hours or longer caused changes
in retinal vessel diameter and choroidal thickness.
Derin Boyun Enfeksiyonunda Nadir Bir Bakteri: Streptococcus Anginosus
Authors: ÇANAKCI Hasan
Published: March 2020

Derin
boyun enfeksiyonu (DBE) çoğunlukla medikal tedavi ile geçen, ancak cerrahi tedavi
de gerektirebilen bir hastalıktır. Uygun
şekilde tedavi edilmediği takdirde ciddi komplikasyonlarla seyredebilir.
Streptococcus anginosus apseye yol
açan önemli bir patojendir; ancak derin boyun apselerindeki rolü çok az araştırılmıştır.
Bu çalışmada, kliniğimizde Streptococcus anginosus
etkenli DBE tanısı alan ve uygun tedavi sonrasında iyileşerek taburcu edilen bir
hasta sunulmuştur.
COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu ve Gebelik Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: ÖZCAN Handan , ELKOCA Ayşe , YALÇIN Önay
Published: March 2020

Çin’de aralık ayında görülen ve pandemi olarak ilan
edilen COVID-19 enfeksiyonu ile ilgili her geçen gün morbidite ve mortalite
oranları yükselmektedir. Salgın ile beraber gebelik süreciyle ilgili kaygılar da
artmaktadır. COVID-19 pnömonisi geçiren gebeler ile genel popülasyonun klinik belirtileri
benzerdir. Gebelerin solunum patojenlerine ve şiddetli pnömoniye karşı daha
hassas olması ve yapılan çalışmalarda vaka sayılarının azlığı sebebi ile
sürecin daha kontrollü sürdürülmesi gerekmektedir. Dünya sağlık örgütü
tarafından önerilen Enfeksiyonu Önleme ve Kontrol (IPC) basamaklarının gebelerde olduğu gibi
düşük, fetal kayıp, postpartum dönemdeki kadınlar ve bebek bakımını üstlenen
kişiler tarafından da uygulanması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Yapılan
çalışmalarda yeterli kanıtlar olmamakla beraber hastalığın anneden bebeğe geçişinin
dikey bulaşla olduğu belirtilmiştir. Enfeksiyon veya şüphesi olan gebelerin
doğumdan sonra en az 14 gün boyunca bebeği ile yakın temasının kesilmesi ve
emzirilmemesi önerilmektedir. Doğum şekli için tıbbi bir endikasyon yoksa
vajinal yolla yapılabileceği belirtilmektedir. Gebeler enfeksiyon sürecinde perinatoloji, yenidoğan
ve yoğun bakım uzmanlarından oluşan multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla ele
alınmalıdır. Ayrıca bu süreçte gebelere psikososyal desteğin sağlanması da çok
önemlidir.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Limonene in the Prevention and Control of Injuries in the Respiratory System: A Systematic Review
Authors: Santana Hericalizandra S.R. , de Carvalho Fernanda O. , Silva Erika R. , Santos Nayara G.L. , Shanmugam Saravanan , Santos Debora N. , Wisniewski Julio O. , Junior José S. Cardoso , Nunes Paula S. , Araujo Adriano A.S. , de Albuquerque Junior Ricardo L.C. , dos Santos Marcio R.V.
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

The pulmonary inflammatory response results from exposure to injurious factors and is associated with oxidative stress, which intensifies the pathological reaction. In this context, limonene, a monoterpene found in citrus fruits, can be a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of this pathology, as it presents known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.

Objective:

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory activity of limonene and its capacity to prevent and control respiratory system injuries. Search strategy: A comprehensive literature search of the Cochrane, Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases was performed using the keywords: "limonene", “lung”, “pulmonary”, “airway”, “trachea”, “lung injury”, "respiratory system", “respiratory tract diseases”.

Search strategy:

A comprehensive literature search of the Cochrane, Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases was performed using the keywords: "limonene", “lung”, “pulmonary”, “airway”, “trachea”, “lung injury”, "respiratory system", “respiratory tract diseases”.

Selection criteria:

Studies on the use of limonene in disorders of the respiratory system, published until August 2019, were included. Those that did not use limonene alone or treated lesions in different systems other than the respiratory system, without targeting its anti-inflammatory action were excluded. In addition, review articles, meta-analyses, abstracts, conference papers, editorials/letters and case reports were also excluded.

Results:

Of the 561 articles found, 64 were in the Cochrane database, 235 in Scopus, 99 in Web of science, 150 in PubMed and 13 in Lilacs. After completing the systematic steps, 25 articles were selected for full reading, after which 7 papers remained in the review. An article was added after a manual literature search, resulting in a total of 8 papers. There was a high level of agreement on inclusion/exclusion among the researchers who examined the papers (Kappa index > 88%).

Conclusion:

Limonene has effective anti-inflammatory activity in both preventing and controlling respiratory system injuries.
Utilizing the Health Belief Model in Determining the Association between Perceptions on Obesity and Exercise Behavior of Saudi University Students
Authors: Al-Hassan Yasser Taher , Fabella Eduardo , Estrella Edric , Al-Ramadan Hassan Abdulfatah , Bujbara Abdullah Hassan
Published: March 2020

Objective:

To determine the association between the perceptions on obesity of Saudi university students and their Physical Activity (PA) as measured by Metabolic Equivalents (METs) Score.

Methods:

This study utilized an analytical cross-sectional design. The level of perception on obesity was determined based on the responses to the Obesity Health Belief Model questionnaire while the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to measure the students’ activity levels. Students with METs scores of less than 600 were classified as inactive. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using Epi Info version 7.

Results:

Majority (75.54%) of participants had a high level of perception of the seriousness of obesity. Only half of the participants had a high level of the perception of susceptibility towards becoming obese. Although most (93.53%) of the students had a high level of perception of the benefits of physical activity on obesity prevention, 98.2% had a moderate to high perception of the barriers to engage in physical activity. The prevalence of physical inactivity was 44.6% (95% CI: 38.67 - 50.66%) and was higher among female (51.71%) than male (24.66%) students. There was a positive linear relationship between the university students’ perception of obesity and their level of physical activity with a β coefficient = 72.6 (p value = 0.0003).

Conclusion:

Saudi university students have a high perception of the seriousness of obesity and the benefits of physical activity towards obesity prevention; however, only half of them believe that they are susceptible to becoming obese. The students’ perceptions of obesity influence their physical activity.
Development of learning media based on Lectora Inspire on social science subjects
Authors: Ulfatuzzahara Trisna
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research was (1) to analyze the needs of the students to the Lectora inspire learning media, (2) to produce learning media based on Lectora inspire on, (3) made effective the learning media based on Lectora inspire. The type of research is Research and Development (R&D) which refers to the procedural development model that was developed by Borg and Gall, that include research and information collecting, planning, develop a preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing main product revision, main field testing, operational product revision, operational field testing, final product revision, dissemination, and distribution. The result of research development of learning media based on Lectora inspire on the subjects of Social Studies, the result of material expert test/content reached the prevalence level 85%, the design expert of media product reached 87,5%, the learning expert reached 92,5%, the field trial result reached 92,83%. Student learning outcomes on average pre-test scores were 56,83, and the post-test score was 83,33. In the standard t-test with a significance level of 0.05 obtained t-count>t-table is 5,09>1,699, which means Ho reject and Ha accepted, so there are significant differences between the student before and after using learning media based on Lectora inspire. This showed that developed product had qualification of high validity level, so that the learning media was acceptable in learning.
EKSISTENSI TRADISI LISAN CAKAP LUMAT DALAM UPACARA ADAT PERKAWINAN KARO
Authors: Meiliana Sylvie
Published: March 2020

Masyarakat Karo selalu menggunakan tradisi lisan dalam berbagai jenis kegiatan upacara adat. Salah satu bentuk tradisi lisan masyarakat Karo adalah Cakap Lumat yang digunakan dalam upacara adat perkawinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pelaku, bentuk kebahasaan, dan fungsi tuturan dalam tradisi lisan Cakap Lumat dalam upacara adat masyarakat Karo. Sumber data penelitian adalah tuturan lisan Cakap Lumat dalam upacara adat perkawinan karo  di Dusun Tongkoh, Desa Dolat Rakyat, Kecamatan Dolat Rakyat dengan informan kunci Nande Beru Tarigan. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik perekaman dan transkripsi. Anasisis data menggunakan teknik analisis isi dengan model alir. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, tuturan Cakap Lumat dilakukan oleh seseorang sesuai posisinya dalam status sosial, yakni kalimbubu, senina, dan anak beru. Kedua, bentuk kebahasan Cakap Lumat, yaitu bahasa kiasan dan perumpamaan. Ketiga, Cakap Lumat berfungsi untuk ucapan salam, ucapan doa, konfirmasi, pujian, dan nasehat. Kata kunci: tradisi lisan, bentuk dan fungsi Cakap Lumat, masyarakat Karo  EXISTENCE OF ORAL TRADITIOAN CAKAP LUMAT IN WEDDING CEREMONY IN KARO SOCIETY AbstractThe Karo people always use oral traditions in various types of traditional ceremonial activities. One form of the oral traditions of the Karo people is Cakap Lumat which is used in traditional marriage ceremonies. This study is aimed at describing the speech performers, forms of language, and the function of the oral tradition of Cakap Lumat in the traditional ceremony of the Karo community. The data source of the study is oral speech of Cakap Lumat in a traditional karo marriage ceremony in Tongkoh village, Dolat Rakyat Village, Dolat Rakyat District with key informant Nande Beru Tarigan. Data collection is by recording and transcription techniques. Data analysis uses content analysis techniques with flow models. The results of the study are as follows. First, Cakap Lumat is done by someone according to his/her position in social status, namely kalimbubu, senina, and anak beru. Second, the forms of the language of Cakap Lumat are figurative language and parables. Third, the function of Cakap Lumat is for giving greetings, blessing, confirmation, praise, and advice.  .Keywords: oral tradition, form and function, Cakap Lumat, Karo people
Оптимизация параметров газогенераторной и лидарной систем для измерения потоков воздуха при неразрушающем контроле качества охлаждающих микроканалов на малых расстояниях
Authors: Ким А.А. , Елисеев К.В. , Акапьев В.В. , Акапьев В.Л. , Савотченко С.Е. , Горлов А.С.
Published: March 2020

The paper describes a method of non-destructive quality control of manufacturing ventilating pinholes by measuring the speed of an expiring aerosol-containing air flow using a coherent continuous lidar. A mathematical model is developed, with the help of which the optimal values of the parameters of the gas-generating and lidar systems are determined. The effect of the diameter of aerosol particles on the backscattering power is investigated.
Влияние фазовых превращений на взаимодействие алюминиевых сплавов при скоростях более 9 km/s
Authors: Румянцев Б.В. , Гук И.В. , Козачук А.И. , Михайлин А.И. , Павлов С.И. , Сильников М.В.
Published: March 2020

The introduction of an aluminum jet with a speed of 8 - 11 km / s into an aluminum alloy target is being investigated. An analysis of the kinetics and parameters of penetration, the surface of the cavity after the introduction suggests that at speeds of more than 9 km / s the hydrodynamic nature of the penetration is violated due to the melting of interacting metals. The results of the study are intended to develop screen protection of spacecraft from the most dangerous fragments of space debris.
Гетероструктуры квантово-каскадных лазеров спектрального диапазона 4.6 μm для реализации непрерывного режима генерации
Authors: Бабичев А.В. , Гладышев А.Г. , Дюделев В.В. , Карачинский Л.Я. , Новиков И.И. , Денисов Д.В. , Слипченко С.О. , Лютецкий А.В. , Пихтин Н.А. , Соколовский Г.С. , Егоров А.Ю.
Published: March 2020

An elastically balanced heterostructure of a 4.6-μm wavelength range quantum-cascade laser was grown by using molecular beam epitaxy. Heterostruсture was based on a heteropair of In0.67Ga0.33As / In0.36Al0.64As solid alloys and indium phosphide layers, which served as waveguide claddings. A high homogeneity of the layers composition and thicknesses in cascades over the wafer was proved by using X-ray diffraction for the grown heterostructure. Lasers with four cleaved facets operate at room temperature at a wavelength near 4.6 μm with a low threshold current density of 1.1 kA / cm2
Особенности высокочастотного спектрометра электронного парамагнитного резонанса с модуляцией частоты
Authors: Бабунц Р.А. , Гурин А.С. , Успенская Ю.А. , Асатрян Г.Р. , Толмачев Д.О. , Романов Н.Г. , Бадалян А.Г. , Баранов П.Г.
Published: March 2020

A high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer with frequency modulation was developed. The advantages of the method for recording the EPR spectra of paramagnetic centers with giant fine-structure splitting in the case of non-Kramers ions in a garnet crystal were demonstrated.
Исследование чувствительной способности графена для применений в качестве биосенсоров
Authors: Усиков A.С. , Лебедев С.П. , Роенков А.Д. , Бараш И.С. , Новиков С.В. , Пузык M.В. , Зубов А.В. , Макаров Ю.Н. , Лебедев А.А.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The response of the chips based on graphene films on SiC substrates (the relative change of the chip resistance) on fluorescein (C20H12O5) in a wide range of its concentrations in phosphate-buffered solution from 1 • 10-3 ng/ml, to 1 • 10+4 ng/ml (7 orders of magnitude) is studied. Detection of fluorescein seems to be a simple and cheap model experiment to study a sensing capability of the graphene in the production of biosensors. It was shown that graphene chips with wide terraces on the surface (1000-nm width and 5-nm height) made it possible to plot calibration dependences of the response of the chips on the concentration of fluorescein.
Новый анализатор ионов по энергии, массе и заряду как комбинация линейного фильтра Вина и энергоанализатора с задерживающим потенциалом
Authors: Строкин Н.A. , Бардаков В.М. , Тханг Нгуен Тхе , Казанцев А.В.
Published: March 2020

The use of a sequentially arranged linear Wines velocity filter (WLF) and an energy analyzer with a retarding potential (RFA) made it possible to measure the ion spectra of a multicomponent plasma flow by energies, masses, and charges. The description of the ideas and test results of two versions of the analyzer is given: WLF + RFA and RFA + WLF.
Микровзрывная фрагментация группы неоднородных капель топлив
Authors: Антонов Д.В. , Стрижак П.А. , Федоренко Р.М.
Published: March 2020

The results of experimental studies of the processes of micro-explosive fragmentation of two-component (diesel fuel – water) droplets upon heating in a high-temperature medium are presented. The experiments were carried out with a group of 10-30 falling drops in a tubular muffle furnace. Micro-explosion delay times are studied. It was shown that the mutual arrangement of the droplet group significantly affects the integral characteristics of the investigated process. Limit distances (from 8 to 10 radii) between the droplets are established at which the characteristics of the micro-explosion are similar to those recorded in experiments with single droplets.
Акустические колебания алюминиевых мембран при лазерном возбуждении по термоупругому механизму
Authors: Глазов А.Л. , Муратиков К.Л.
Published: March 2020

A theoretical model of the formation of a photoacoustic signal from metal membranes by laser radiation is proposed taking into account the excitation of defective states in them. The theoretical results obtained are compared for aluminum membranes with a thickness of 197 μm in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 7 kHz when they are excited by laser radiation with a wavelength of 660 nm. It is shown that the proposed theoretical model ensures good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results for membrane vibrations with a purely surface absorption of laser radiation.
Влияние режимов работы на отклик сенсоров аммиака на основе пленок диоксида олова
Authors: Цымбалов А.В. , Калыгина В.М. , Максимова Н.К. , Черников Е.В.
Published: March 2020

The effect of temperature modulation on the response of ammonia sensors based on tin dioxide films was studied. Samples were obtained by RF-magnetron sputtering of a SnO2: Sb target on sapphire substrates with pre-deposited Pt-electrodes and a heater. Varying the duration of the heating cycle and lowering the temperature in the cooling cycle can increase the response by one to two orders of magnitude. The results are explained by a change in the density of chemically adsorbed oxygen on the surface of the SnO2: Sb film depending on the temperature mode.
Эффективное возбуждение магнитоэлектрического эффекта в структуре ферромагнетик-пьезоэлектрик током через магнитный слой
Authors: Бурдин Д.А. , Савельев Д.В. , Экономов Н.А. , Чашин Д.В. , Фетисов Ю.К.
Published: March 2020

The effective excitation of the magnetoelectric effect in a planar structure amorphous ferromagnet – piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate by alternating current flowing through the magnetic layer was demonstrated. Due to orientation of the exciting magnetic field perpendicular to the constant field and absence of demagnetization, the structure generates even voltage harmonics with efficiency, several times higher than the efficiency of excitation of the effect by volume coils. It was shown that the amplitude of the second harmonic is proportional to the piezomagnetic coefficient of the magnetic layer,increases quadratically with the amplitude of the current and decreases inversely with the biasing magnetic field
Исследование режимов горения разряда "спица" и "колокол" на холловском двигателе мощностью 1.5 kW
Authors: Хмелевской И.А. , Томилин Д.А.
Published: March 2020

Two stable operating modes, which were called “jet” and “bell” mode, were investigated for Hall thruster with power 1.5 kW. Performances (thrust, thrust specific impulse) in two modes were investigated. The study were conducted for discharge voltage 300-800 V and gas flow rate from 1.5 to 3.0 mg/s. This result is compared with the previous study, which carried out on geometrically similar but bigger Hall thruster model.
Модель развития микротрещин в дентине зубов человека на основе данных микротомографии
Authors: Аргунова Т.С. , Гудкина Ж.В. , Гуткин М.Ю.
Published: March 2020

One of the major features of dentin structure is microtubules which pass through the matrix formed by collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. The effect of the microtubules on the fracture toughness of dentin has been studied. The samples, prepared from human molars, were subjected to uniaxial compression until cracking. Then these samples were investigated by synchrotron radiation (SR) microtomography. The results obtained allowed us to work out a model of the mode II crack development in human dentin.
Терагерцевое поглощение в композитных пленках на основе металлоорганического перовскита и смешанного эфира целлюлозы
Authors: Андрианов А.В. , Алешин А.Н.
Published: March 2020

Composites based on the organometallic perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 and mixed cellulose ester were studied by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. It is shown that the introduction of mixed cellulose esters into the precursor of organometallic perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 significantly modifies the parameters of perovskite in the terahertz region and also improves the stability of such composite films. It is found that the addition of mixed cellulose ester to the perovskite film leads to a significant weakening of the THz absorption bands in the frequency range of the order of 1 and 2 THz, which are caused by the excitation of low-frequency vibrational modes in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite molecules. This can be explained by the fact that cellulose ester molecules enveloping perovskite molecules dampen low-frequency vibrations in them.
Patient and Provider Cocreation of Mobile Texting Apps to Support Behavioral Health: Usability Study
Authors: Arevian Armen C , O'Hora Jennifer , Rosser James , Mango Joseph D , Miklowitz David J , Wells Kenneth B
Published: March 2020

Background

Mobile technologies hold potential for improving the quality of care and engagement of patients. However, there are considerable challenges in ensuring that technologies are relevant, useful, and engaging. While end users such as patients and providers are increasingly involved in the design of health technologies, there are limited examples of their involvement in directly creating technologies for their personal use.

Objective

We aim to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of patients and providers creating mobile texting apps to support treatment goals.

Methods

In an 11-month usability study, we enrolled 4 providers and 28 patients in an intensive outpatient program for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients and providers created their own mobile texting apps using a visual app development platform. A subsample of 10 patients and 4 providers completed a usability measure.

Results

Participants created a total of 360 unique mobile text messages (1787 total messages sent). There were 4 types of messages identified, including personalized reminders, clinical exposures, interactive prompts, and encouraging/informational messages. A total of 9 out of 10 (90%) patients agreed that the messages were relevant to their recovery, and 8 out of 10 (80%) agreed that the messages were effective at helping complete treatment plans.

Conclusions

Enabling patients and providers to cocreate apps for their own use by using a visual application platform is feasible and holds potential for increasing the relevance, sustainability, and effectiveness of digital health technologies.
Value of Eye-Tracking Data for Classification of Information Processing–Intensive Handling Tasks: Quasi-Experimental Study on Cognition and User Interface Design
Authors: Wegner Stephan , Lohmeyer Quentin , Wahlen Dimitri , Neumann Sandra , Groebli Jean-Claude , Meboldt Mirko
Published: March 2020

Background

In order to give a wide range of people the opportunity to ensure and support home care, one approach is to develop medical devices that are as user-friendly as possible. This allows nonexperts to use medical devices that were originally too complicated to use. For a user-centric development of such medical devices, it is essential to understand which user interface design best supports patients, caregivers, and health care professionals.

Objective

Using the benefits of mobile eye tracking, this work aims to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges of user cognition. As a consequence, its goal is to identify the obstacles to the usability of the features of two different designs of a single medical device user interface. The medical device is a patient assistance device for home use in peritoneal dialysis therapy.

Methods

A total of 16 participants, with a subset of seniors (8/16, mean age 73.7 years) and young adults (8/16, mean age 25.0 years), were recruited and participated in this study. The handling cycle consisted of seven main tasks. Data analysis started with the analysis of task effectiveness for searching for error-related tasks. Subsequently, the in-depth gaze data analysis focused on these identified critical tasks. In order to understand the challenges of user cognition in critical tasks, gaze data were analyzed with respect to individual user interface features of the medical device system. Therefore, it focused on the two dimensions of dwell time and fixation duration of the gaze.

Results

In total, 97% of the handling steps for design 1 and 96% for design 2 were performed correctly, with the main challenges being task 1 insert, task 2 connect, and task 6 disconnect for both designs. In order to understand the two analyzed dimensions of the physiological measurements simultaneously, the authors propose a new graphical representation. It distinguishes four different patterns to compare the eye movements associated with the two designs. The patterns identified for the critical tasks are consistent with the results of the task performance.

Conclusions

This study showed that mobile eye tracking provides insights into information processing in intensive handling tasks related to individual user interface features. The evaluation of each feature of the user interface promises an optimal design by combining the best found features. In this way, manufacturers are able to develop products that can be used by untrained people without prior knowledge. This would allow home care to be provided not only by highly qualified nurses and caregivers, but also by patients themselves, partners, children, or neighbors.
The Use of Social Media to Increase the Impact of Health Research: Systematic Review
Authors: Bardus Marco , El Rassi Rola , Chahrour Mohamad , Akl Elie W , Raslan Abdul Sattar , Meho Lokman I , Akl Elie A
Published: March 2020

Background

Academics in all disciplines increasingly use social media to share their publications on the internet, reaching out to different audiences. In the last few years, specific indicators of social media impact have been developed (eg, Altmetrics), to complement traditional bibliometric indicators (eg, citation count and h-index). In health research, it is unclear whether social media impact also translates into research impact.

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the impact of using social media on the dissemination of health research. The secondary aim was to assess the correlation between Altmetrics and traditional citation-based metrics.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review to identify studies that evaluated the use of social media to disseminate research published in health-related journals. We specifically looked at studies that described experimental or correlational studies linking the use of social media with outcomes related to bibliometrics. We searched the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases using a predefined search strategy (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42017057709). We conducted independent and duplicate study selection and data extraction. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, we summarized the findings through a narrative synthesis.

Results

Of a total of 18,624 retrieved citations, we included 51 studies: 7 (14%) impact studies (answering the primary aim) and 44 (86%) correlational studies (answering the secondary aim). Impact studies reported mixed results with several limitations, including the use of interventions of inappropriately low intensity and short duration. The majority of correlational studies suggested a positive association between traditional bibliometrics and social media metrics (eg, number of mentions) in health research.

Conclusions

We have identified suggestive yet inconclusive evidence on the impact of using social media to increase the number of citations in health research. Further studies with better design are needed to assess the causal link between social media impact and bibliometrics.
Needs and Requirements in the Designing of Mobile Interventions for Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: Questionnaire Study
Authors: Lortz Julia , Simanovski Jan , Kuether Tabea , Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka , Ullrich Greta , Steinmetz Martin , Rammos Christos , Jánosi Rolf Alexander , Moebus Susanne , Rassaf Tienush , Paldán Katrin
Published: March 2020

Background

The development of mobile interventions for noncommunicable diseases has increased in recent years. However, there is a dearth of apps for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), who frequently have an impaired ability to walk.

Objective

Using a patient-centered approach for the development of mobile interventions, we aim to describe the needs and requirements of patients with PAD regarding the overall care situation and the use of mobile interventions to perform supervised exercise therapy (SET).

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted in addition to a clinical examination at the vascular outpatient clinic of the West-German Heart and Vascular Center of the University Clinic Essen in Germany. Patients with diagnosed PAD were asked to answer questions on sociodemographic characteristics, PAD-related need for support, satisfaction with their health care situation, smartphone and app use, and requirements for the design of mobile interventions to support SET.

Results

Overall, a need for better support of patients with diagnosed PAD was identified. In total, 59.2% (n=180) expressed their desire for more support for their disease. Patients (n=304) had a mean age of 67 years and half of them (n=157, 51.6%) were smartphone users. We noted an interest in smartphone-supported SET, even for people who did not currently use a smartphone. “Information,” “feedback,” “choosing goals,” and “interaction with physicians and therapists” were rated the most relevant components of a potential app.

Conclusions

A need for the support of patients with PAD was determined. This was particularly evident with regard to disease literacy and the performance of SET. Based on a detailed description of patient characteristics, proposals for the design of mobile interventions adapted to the needs and requirements of patients can be derived.
Prediction of Medical Concepts in Electronic Health Records: Similar Patient Analysis
Authors: Le Nhat , Wiley Matthew , Loza Antonio , Hristidis Vagelis , El-Kareh Robert
Published: March 2020

Background

Medicine 2.0—the adoption of Web 2.0 technologies such as social networks in health care—creates the need for apps that can find other patients with similar experiences and health conditions based on a patient’s electronic health record (EHR). Concurrently, there is an increasing number of longitudinal EHR data sets with rich information, which are essential to fulfill this need.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that we can leverage similar EHRs to predict possible future medical concepts (eg, disorders) from a patient’s EHR.

Methods

We represented patients’ EHRs using time-based prefixes and suffixes, where each prefix or suffix is a set of medical concepts from a medical ontology. We compared the prefixes of other patients in the collection with the state of the current patient using various interpatient distance measures. The set of similar prefixes yields a set of suffixes, which we used to determine probable future concepts for the current patient’s EHR.

Results

We evaluated our methods on the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II data set of patients, where we achieved precision up to 56.1% and recall up to 69.5%. For a limited set of clinically interesting concepts, specifically a set of procedures, we found that 86.9% (353/406) of the true-positives are clinically useful, that is, these procedures were actually performed later on the patient, and only 4.7% (19/406) of true-positives were completely irrelevant.

Conclusions

These initial results indicate that predicting patients’ future medical concepts is feasible. Effectively predicting medical concepts can have several applications, such as managing resources in a hospital.
Assessing Feasibility of an Early Childhood Intervention Using Mobile Phones Among Low-Income Mothers of Newborns: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Zhang Donglan , Jin Lan , Liang Di , Geng Ruijin , Liu Yun , Ling Yu , Jiang Fan , Zhang Yunting
Published: March 2020

Background

Many children aged younger than 5 years living in low- and middle-income countries are at risk for poor development. Early child development (ECD) programs are cost-effective strategies to reduce poverty, crime, school dropouts, and socioeconomic inequality. With the spread of low-cost mobile phones and internet access in low- and middle-income countries, new service delivery models such as mobile phone–aided interventions have a great potential to improve early childhood development.

Objective

This study aimed to identify the beliefs on importance of ECD, feasibility of a proposed intervention using mobile phones and factors that may affect the usability of the intervention among mothers of newborns in a poverty-stricken area in southwestern China.

Methods

We conducted an in-depth, semistructured interview study of 25 low-income mothers of newborns recruited from two county hospitals in Yunnan Province. We applied the health belief model and cultural competence theories to identify the facilitators, barriers, and preferences among the target population for parenting knowledge.

Results

The results showed that the participants had low health literacy and high perceived needs for learning ECD knowledge. At the same time, they experienced several barriers to learning parenting information and following evidence-based instructions including having limited time, limited financial resources, and different opinions on childcare among family members. Many participants preferred to receive personalized messages tailored to their specific needs and preferred videos or graphics to text only in the messages. Many favored a separate module to support postpartum mental health.

Conclusions

The study assessed the acceptability of an early childhood intervention using mobile phones to meet the needs of the target population based on their beliefs, traits, and preferences and provided suggestions to refine the intervention to improve its usability.
Digital Mental Health: The Answer to the Global Mental Health Crisis?
Authors: Rudd Brittany N , Beidas Rinad S
Published: March 2020

Digital mental health interventions are often touted as the solution to the global mental health crisis. However, moving mental health care from the hands of professionals and into digital apps may further isolate individuals who need human connection the most. In this commentary, we argue that people, our society’s greatest resource, are as ubiquitous as technology. Thus, we argue that research focused on using technology to support all people in delivering mental health prevention and intervention deserves greater attention in the coming decade.
Desirable Features of an Interdisciplinary Handoff (Preprint)
Authors: Sule Anupam Ashutosh , Caputo Dean , Gohal Jaskaren , Dascenzo Doug
Published: March 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Failure of communication of critical information during handoffs is one of the leading causes of medical errors, resulting in serious, yet preventable, adverse events in hospitals across the United States. Recent studies have shown that a majority of these errors occur during patient handoffs, with notable communication gaps in interdisciplinary handoffs. We suggest some features that would improve the handoff usability and effectiveness for interdisciplinary medical and nursing teams while potentially improving patient safety.