bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of land use and land cover changes on runoff generation in the Kidangoor watershed, Kerala
Authors:   Vellore Institue of Technology, Ajith A.V. , Barik Dillip Kumar ,   Vellore Institue of Technology
Published: August 2024

In this study, the impact of change in land use and land cover (LULC) on runoff estimation in the Kidangoor watershed was assessed using the SCS-CN technique. Recent flood-like natural disasters in Kerala are thought to be driven by changes in rainfall patterns and LULC. The accurate calculation of runoff from watersheds is urgently needed. In ArcGIS 10.5, the supervised classification approach is used to classify satellite images from 2000, 2011, 2013, and 2017. Similarly, the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) technique is used to produce spatial distribution maps of rainfall for each antecedent moisture condition (AMC). The runoff maps were generated by superimposing the distributed rainfall, LULC, and Hydrological Soil Group (HSG) maps. It was observed that the built-up area expanded by 168% between 2000 and 2017, whereas other classes decreased by 10–23%. However, compared to 2000, both with and without a change in LULC, runoff generation increased by just 31%, and 27% in 2017. The SCS-CN technique for runoff estimation indicates that the change in LULC in the Kidangoor watershed is insignificant. Thus, this study will help land use planners and decision-makers in limiting the potential damage from flooding when it comes to flood management techniques.
Highly efficient oil–water separation using superhydrophobic cellulose aerogels derived from corn straw
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Gengyuan , Xu Baofeng , Guo Jianwei
Published: August 2024

Cellulose-based aerogels have become promising adsorbents for organic pollutants and spilled oil due to their high selectivity and excellent sorption capacity. However, the high costs of preparation limit their practicality. In this study, cellulose fibers were fabricated from corn straw via simple alkaline pulping and bleaching. A cellulose aerogel (CA) was then prepared by the freeze-drying method with polyvinyl alcohol as the binder. After treatment with methyltrimethoxysilane by facile chemical vapor deposition, a modified cellulose aerogel (MCA) with water contact angles up to 154.8° was obtained, which exhibited superhydrophobicity. Importantly, the MCA has both high porosity (98.35–98.94%) and low density (16.33–23.95 mg·cm−3). In addition, the MCA can separate oil–water mixtures by gravity filtration with separation efficiency up to 97.3% and flux as high as 9827 L·m−2·h−1. This conversion of agricultural wastes into an efficient and high value-added adsorbing material is a promising development in the field of oil–water separation that offers a green and efficient strategy to combat the leakage of organic solvents and oil into the environment.
Investigation of Dimensional and Shape Changes in Combined Surface Layer Heat Treatments of Gear Components Made of EN31CrMoV9 and EN42CrMo4
Authors: Hoja S. , Guba N. , Haupt N. , Surm H. , Hüsemann T.
Published: August 2024

Surface heat treatments such as case hardening, nitriding and surface hardening are often used to improve the performance properties of gear components. Due to limitations in the individual processes, e. g., with regard to the distortion that occurs, the achievable hardening depth or surface hardness, combinations of several processes are important in order to achieve better process efficiency and component properties. The present investigations focus on dimensional and shape changes in the combination of nitriding and induction hardening on samples and gears made of the materials EN31CrMoV9 and EN42CrMo4, measured before and after the heat treatments.

For the gears examined, comparable dimensional and shape changes were determined after the combination treatment as for induction hardening alone, which overall resulted in larger geometric changes than nitriding. Due to the dimensional and shape deviations of the geometric features, reworking by means of gear grinding is advisable in certain cases.
Enhanced Tribological Properties of Nanolubricants with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Additives
Authors: Demirkol Metehan , Küçükyıldırım Bedri Onur
Published: August 2024

This study aims to achieve novel tribological properties by utilizing industrial-type multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as lubrication additives in 20W-50 engine oil, in parts per million (ppm). Nanolubricants consisting of various amounts of MWCNTs were prepared and subjected to ball-on-disk tests to observe tribological characteristics. For ball-on-disk tests, friction coefficient data were obtained during testing, whereas wear characteristics were achieved from test samples through imaging and processing methods. Spectroscopic analyses were done to collect additional data about the existence of MWCNTs on the friction surfaces. The data acquired were analyzed according to theoretical bases. It has been found that the best results as antiwear properties are obtained at 600-ppm MWCNT addition by a wear decrease of 81.02 % and decreased severity of wear tracks, where antifriction characteristics were found to be enhanced at 200 ppm by a friction coefficient decrease of 8.07 %. However, 600-ppm MWCNT addition also constitutes a limit value whereby further addition can cause an increase in the wear of friction pairs. It has been shown that MWCNTs can enhance antifriction and antiwear properties even in ppm-level amounts, which can be considered as lower amounts of nanoadditives when compared to the literature and can present economically suitable lubrication solutions.
Review of Identification Methods for Early-Stage Cracking in Solids
Authors: Jia Yu , Wang Yukun , Tang Lei , Wang Chengqiang
Published: August 2024

Cracking is a predominant factor in engineering accidents, often leading to catastrophic failures. The evolutionary process of cracks in materials starts at the microscopic level, expands at the mesoscale, and culminates in failure at the macroscale. Early detecting cracks and monitoring of crack development are crucial for interrupting the sequence of risk propagation and preventing structural accidents. The detection and growth tracking of cracks, both in laboratories and in engineering structures, have garnered extensive research attention. This study provides a systematic review of identification methods for early-stage cracking in solids, encompassing technologies for detecting opening cracks and monitoring their progression. It details the principles and applicable materials of these methods, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of identifying microcracks or tracking their growth in various materials. In conclusion, the article summarizes microcrack identification methods and outlines future research directions in three key areas: large-area, visual, and intelligent identification capabilities. This review offers valuable insights into the integration of multiple technologies, facilitating efficient identification of microcracks in situ and in laboratory settings.
Wee Possum’s Theorem of Active Learning
Authors: Stone Bethany B. , Guthrie Katy
Published: August 2024

Many K–16 educators agree that active learning is a key component for student success in life sciences. At the same time, some instructors are frustrated by inconsistent student participation in these activities and may revert to traditional teaching strategies. Horse caregivers face a similar frustration when they lead a horse to water and it will not drink. However, they do not stop offering water. Instead, horse caregivers consider two possibilities: the horse is not thirsty or the water is not good. In this article, we apply horse sense to student engagement. We start by framing common challenges within two larger categories: student mindset (“Are the student’s thirsty?”) and activity design (“Is the water good?”). For each challenge, we subsequently provide strategies to intentionally increase student learning while also empowering instructors to keep perspective.
“Five Unknown Facts about…”
Authors: Molotov Kirill , Khlevniuk Daria
Published: August 2024

Stalin’s era in Soviet history is one of the darkest. Nevertheless, despite numerous historical research, nonfiction and fiction, movies, and museum exhibitions exposing and discussing Stalin’s atrocities, a sizable portion of the Russian population is neutral at best and respectful at worst of Stalin’s leadership and personality. This article examines the “dark side” of Russian memories of Stalinism. According to our analysis of pro-Stalin content on TikTok, there are five major themes that users discuss in their pro-Stalin tiktoks: (1) Stalin as a leader in the victory of the Great Patriotic War, (2) a critique of contemporary culture’s commemoration of victims of Stalinist repression, (3) a critique of the present, (4) the Stalin regime’s achievements in economics and politics, and (5) admiration of Stalin’s personality, focusing on his appearance and aesthetics. Furthermore, we hypothesize that social media’s design and technological infrastructure can significantly influence which and how memory narratives are broadcast. In particular, “Stalin as a celebrity” is a framework largely overlooked by the researchers due to their focus on different media.
Book Review of Jeffrey A. Engel's, "When the World Seemed New: George H.W. Bush and the End of the Cold War"
Authors: McNamara Brian
Published: August 2024

Book Review of Jeffrey A. Engel's, "When the World Seemed New: George H.W. Bush and the End of the Cold War"
Book Review: To Master the Boundless Sea: The U.S. Navy, the Marine Environment, and the Cartography of Empire
Authors: Dennison Graydon
Published: August 2024

Graydon Dennison, a graduate student at Temple University, reviews Jason Smith's book, To Master the Boundless Sea: The U.S. Navy, the Marine Environment, and the Cartography of Empire.
Interview with Kelly Shannon
Authors: Fischer Michael
Published: August 2024

Kelly Shannon of Florida Atlantic University discusses her research and recently published book, U.S. Foreign Policy and Muslim Women's Human Rights.
Strategic Visions Volume 18, No. 1
Authors: Fischer Michael
Published: August 2024

The fall 2018 edition of Strategic Visions includes notes from our Director, the Davis Fellow, our Non-Resident Fellow, and from a former Davis Fellow, as well as interviews, book reviews, and a piece of original historical scholarship.
Note from the Non-Resident Fellow
Authors: Fischer Michael , Moore Erik
Published: August 2024

Note from Non-Resident Fellow Erik Moore.
Review of Jimmy Carter in Africa
Authors: Fischer Michael , Kinney Brandon
Published: August 2024

Review of Nancy Mitchell's Jimmy Carter in Africa by Brandon Kinney
Strategic Visions - Volume 21, No. 1 (2021)
Authors: VanSise Casey , McPherson Alan
Published: August 2024

Full issue of Strategic Visions - Volume 21, No. 1 (2021)
News from the Director
Authors: McPherson Alan
Published: August 2024

News from CENFAD Director Alan McPherson
Interview with Eric J. Perinovic
Authors: VanSise Casey
Published: August 2024

CENFAD community interview with Eric J. Perinovic, Temple PhD Candidate in History and former 2017-18 Thomas J. Davis Fellow, concerning dissertation research and related matters
Changes in The Sound and Exploration of The Depth of Its Meaning in Surah Al-Fath (Analysis of I'jaz Al-Qur'an)
Authors: Humaira Siti , Anas Muhammad
Published: August 2024

This study aims to identify the forms of sound changes contained in Surat Al-Fath and their relevance to the context of the meaning contained therein. Descriptive qualitative method is used in this research. The two sources used as references are the Qur'an Surah Al-Fath as the primary source and books related to the research topic as secondary sources. The data collection technique is done by using Imam 'Ashim's qira'at history of Hafs as the main foundation, then looking for differences in readings in ten qira'ats related to sound changes through idgham and ibdal. The analysis was conducted to find the relationship between the sound changes and the meaning in accordance with the context in Surah al-Fath. The results show that there are sound variations based on the readings of the ten qira'at imams, such as the fusion of two letters that meet or the replacement of harakat and letters in a reading. In addition to being intended to facilitate pronunciation, these sound changes contain explicit meanings that can be explored by looking at the context of the verse that includes them, although the original meaning of a word does not change. The depth of meaning indicated by these sound changes does not indicate a contradiction between one meaning and another, thus emphasizing the miracle of the Qur'an that every smallest sound arrangement is very relevant to the context of the meaning and intention to be conveyed.
Brain and Critical Thinking in Education: A Bibliometric Review and Wordcloud Analysis
Authors: Sesrita Afridha , Supena Asep , Sumatri Mohamad Syarif , Gumelar Gumgum , Wibowo Firmanul Catur
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article uses data from the Scopus database for bibliometric review and wordcloud analysis visualization of publications related to Brain and Critical Thinking in Education (BCTE). The study highlights the importance of the brain in the learning process and critical thinking, as well as identifying research trends, key topics, and geographic distribution of authors over the decade 2013-2023. With a focus on English-language publications, the study reveals that "critical thinking" is the most frequently cited topic, with the United States as the most significant contributor. This analysis also suggests the need for further research that integrates brain-based learning with critical thinking to improve students' critical thinking and 21st-century skills in education. Understanding how the brain works will enable educators to design a comprehensive learning plan, including teaching materials, implementation, media, models, strategies, approaches, and appropriate methods, to achieve learning goals.AbstrakArtikel ini menggunakan data dari database Scopus untuk review bibliometrik dan visualisasi analisis wordcloud dari publikasi terkait Brain and Critical Thinking in Education (BCTE). Studi tersebut menyoroti pentingnya otak dalam proses pembelajaran dan berpikir kritis, serta mengidentifikasi tren penelitian, topik utama, dan distribusi geografis penulis selama dekade 2013-2023. Dengan fokus pada publikasi berbahasa Inggris, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa “berpikir kritis” adalah topik yang paling sering dikutip, dengan Amerika Serikat sebagai kontributor paling signifikan. Analisis ini juga menyarankan perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut yang mengintegrasikan pembelajaran berbasis otak dengan berpikir kritis untuk meningkatkan pemikiran kritis siswa dan keterampilan abad 21 dalam bidang pendidikan. Memahami cara kerja otak akan memungkinkan pendidik merancang rencana pembelajaran yang komprehensif, meliputi bahan ajar, pelaksanaan, media, model, strategi, pendekatan, dan metode yang tepat, untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran.  How to Cite: Sesrita, A., Supena, A., Sumantri, M. S., Gumelar, G., & Wibowo, F. C. (2024). Brain and Critical Thinking in Education: A Bibliometric Review and Wordcloud Analysis. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 11(1), 65-80. doi:10.15408/tjems.v11i1.40506.
The three-dimensional structure of contemporary virtue ethics
Authors: De Sousa José Elielton
Published: August 2024

Alasdair MacIntyre elaborates his proposal for ethics of virtues anchored in recognition of the animal identity of the human being, together with the vulnerability and dependence to which we are subjected as biologically constituted animals, but without relating it to the environmental issues arising from our animal condition. Thus, we intend to expand MacIntyre’s virtue ethics through the interweaving of his concepts of human animality, flourishing and virtues, which expose a type of relationship between the human being and nature that requires an entirely new and different set of virtues than those until then thematized by him: the virtues of shared responsibility.
Features of the feeling of happiness among psychology students of different specialties
Authors: Shutova Natalia , Palekha Anastasia
Published: August 2024

This article is devoted to the problem of feeling of happiness in modern psychology
students. The article analyzes the main approaches to the concept of «happiness» in foreign and domestic psychology. This phenomenon is considered as a value attitude of a person to the world. The conclusion is made concerning the insufficiency of development of this problem in theoretical and experimental research in domestic and foreign psychology. The article contains the results of the empirical research conducted by the authors concerning the level of feeling of happiness in modern students of service psychologists and students of clinical psychologists. To test the differences in the indicator of happiness in students of different specialties, the authors used Student's t-criterion, the calculations of which were carried out by means of statistical calculation with the help of the electronic program SPSS Statistic. The obtained results allow us to talk about the peculiarities of the feeling of happiness in students of different specialties. The presented information may be of interest to psychologists-practitioners of the sphere of education.
Theoretical significance. The results of the study expand the area of existing theoretical ideas about the subjective feeling of happiness in students of different specialties.
Practical significance. The obtained results can be used to study the psychological well-being of the student's personality by teachers and psychologists of general educational institutions, as well as in the preparation of scientific and methodological materials on working with students of different specialties, in the reading of relevant courses in higher and secondary educational institutions and at the departments of advanced training of workers from the field of education.
Os 45 anos da Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física (RBEF): retrospectiva, análise e novos horizontes
Authors: Ferreira Marcello
Published: August 2024

A Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física (RBEF) é um periódico de acesso livre, editado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Física (SBF) desde 1979, de área temática na interface entre as humanidades (ensino) e a Física. Sua vocação é contribuir, por meio da divulgação de artigos de elevada qualidade, com a melhoria do ensino da disciplina em todos os níveis, promover e divulgar temas relacionados ao ensino e à aprendizagem em Física e ciências contíguas. Seu escopo é a educação científica e tecnológica, com discussões teóricas, experimentais e computacionais da Física; e, no ensino, abordagens curriculares; didáticas; de projetos e programas; de métodos e materiais; de políticas educacionais; de pesquisa educacional; e epistemológica, filosófica e histórica. Em seus 45 anos, consolidou-se como um dos principais periódicos da área, ocasião que motiva este esforço de sistematização, análise e inferências acerca do perfil das publicações, por meio de análise textual e léxica dos 2.873 artigos veiculados, a partir do qual se pôde traçar uma retrospectiva quanti-qualitativa do conteúdo e das relações expressas, que confirma suas ênfases em temas clássicos e de fronteira da Física e a dimensão curricular e formativa, subsidiando o apontamento de horizontes e tendências para a continuidade do seu desenvolvimento.
PERFIL DAS MULHERES USUÁRIAS DE PSICOTRÓPICOS PRESCRITOS EM UMA UNIDADE PRISIONAL DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Carvalho Maria Theresa Veloso Figueiredo de , Alves Adriana Moreira , Oliveira Jaqueline Lemos de , Santos Stéfani Cristina de Souza , Almeida Janaína Cristina Pasquini de , Souza Jacqueline de
Published: August 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o perfil das mulheres usuárias de psicotrópicos prescritos em uma unidade prisional feminina. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo, de caráter transversal, desenvolvido com a população de um complexo penitenciário feminino do estado de Minas Gerais. A população total admitida na instituição no período de coleta era de 363 privadas de liberdade e todas foram incluídas na análise. Os dados foram coletados entre agosto e dezembro de 2022, a partir do banco de dados institucional e foram analisados de acordo com testes estatísticos (estatística descritiva e medidas de dispersão, teste de Mann-Whitney e teste Qui-quadrado). Resultados: a amostra foi composta por mulheres jovens, afrodescendentes, com baixo nível de escolaridade, mães e que não recebiam visitas. Aproximadamente, 70% (n=250) usavam algum psicotrópico prescrito. Os diagnósticos psiquiátricos mais frequentes foram os transtornos ansiosos, seguidos pelos de humor. As mulheres que utilizavam psicotrópicos prescritos apresentaram uma mediana maior em relação ao tempo de reclusão. Houve associação significativa entre o uso de psicotrópicos e doenças crônicas. Conclusão: O perfil identificado reafirma os efeitos das diferenças existentes no que tange ao assunto gênero. Mesmo com o aumento de políticas públicas destinadas às mulheres, as suas especificidades, muitas vezes, são desconsideradas. Quanto ao uso de psicotrópicos, sugere-se que a alta taxa corresponde às condições geradas pelo encarceramento.
Relações econômicas entre Brasil e China nas duas primeiras décadas do século XXI: uma perspectiva a partir dos desafios contemporâneos para a reindustrialização brasileira*
Authors: Hiratuka Celio
Published: August 2024

Resumo O artigo visa a realizar um balanço crítico das relações econômicas entre Brasil e China nos últimos 20 anos. O texto busca sintetizar os temas e eixos destacados na literatura que tem analisado as relações econômicas bilaterais com ênfase nos temas de comércio e investimento, enfatizando a necessidade de avanços qualitativos para além do que se consolidou nas duas décadas iniciais do século XXI. Essa necessidade é decorrente do longo processo de desindustrialização pelo qual a economia brasileira vem passando, e reforçado pelo cenário complexo de transformações que vem ocorrendo na economia global depois da grande crise financeira (GCF) de 2008 e pelas mudanças nas estratégias de desenvolvimento que a própria China vem adotando desde então.
Eco-efficient concretes, optimized by Alfred’s packing model, with partial cement replacement by limestone and diabase stone powder
Authors: Oliveira Tassiane Apolinário de , Ramos João Marcos Lyrio , Di Domenico Paula , Campos Heloisa Fuganti
Published: August 2024

Abstract Cement production contributes to approximately 7% of global CO2 emissions, prompting the cement industry to adopt various mitigation actions. Consequently, the onus falls on concrete producers to employ more efficient mix design methods that reduce the carbon footprint. Utilizing particle packing models and cement substitute materials holds promise for producing more eco-efficient concretes. In this context, this study compared limestone powder and diabase powder application as partial substitutes for cement, assessing the technical feasibility of using diabase powder. In addition to concretes incorporating these powders, a reference concrete without any substitution was prepared. Mix design methods were determined using Alfred's particle packing model. Analyses were performed by compressive strength, electrical resistivity, modulus of elasticity, as well as environmental parameters such as binder consumption (bi) and CO2 intensity (ci). Results indicated that the limestone powder concrete exhibited higher resistivity, suggesting a more compact cementitious matrix. Compressive strength data revealed statistically equal values across all concrete types. However, the modulus of elasticity for the powders-based concretes was slightly reduced compared to the reference concrete. Regarding the environmental indicators, concrete with limestone powder showed better performances in both binder consumption (bi) at 3.9 kg/m3/MPa, and CO2 intensity (ci) at 3.28 kgCO2e/MPa. These values were below literature benchmarks (10 to 15 kg/m3/MPa for bi and 7.9 to 9.1 kgCO2e/MPa for ci), indicating the achieved eco-efficiency. The parameters evaluation indicates that Alfred's model and the incorporation of stone powders contribute to the mechanical and environmental efficiency of the studied mixtures.
Description of vaccination coverage and hesitancy obtained by epidemiological survey of children born in 2017-2018, in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Simões Taynãna César , Campos Neto Orozimbo Henriques , França Ana Paula , Moraes José Cássio de , Silva Adriana Ilha da , Ramos Jr. Alberto Novaes , França Ana Paula , Oliveira Andrea de Nazaré Marvão , Boing Antonio Fernando , Domingues Carla Magda Allan Santos , Oliveira Consuelo Silva de , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia , Guibu Ione Aquemi , Mirabal Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa , Barbosa Jaqueline Caracas , Lima Jaqueline Costa , Moraes José Cássio de , Luhm Karin Regina , Caetano Karlla Antonieta Amorim , Lima Luisa Helena de Oliveira , Antunes Maria Bernadete de Cerqueira , Teixeira Maria da Gloria , Teixeira Maria Denise de Castro , Borges Maria Fernanda de Sousa Oliveira , Queiroz Rejane Christine de Sousa , Gurgel Ricardo Queiroz , Barata Rita Barradas , Azevedo Roberta Nogueira Calandrini de , Oliveira Sandra Maria do Valle Leone de , Teles Sheila Araújo , Gama Silvana Granado Nogueira da , Mengue Sotero Serrate , Simões Taynãna César , Nascimento Valdir , Araújo Wildo Navegantes de
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT Objective To describe vaccination coverage and hesitation for the basic children’s schedule in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Methods Population-based epidemiological surveys performed from 2020 to 2022, which estimated vaccine coverage by type of immunobiological product and full schedule (valid and ministered doses), according to socioeconomic strata; and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. Results Overall coverage with valid doses and vaccination hesitancy for at least one vaccine were, respectively, 50.2% (95%CI 44.1;56.2) and 1.6% (95%CI 0.9;2.7), in Belo Horizonte (n = 1,866), and 64.9% (95%CI 56.9;72.1) and 1.0% (95%CI 0.3;2.8), in Sete Lagoas (n = 451), with differences between socioeconomic strata. Fear of severe reactions was the main reason for vaccination hesitancy. Conclusion Coverage was identified as being below recommended levels for most vaccines. Disinformation should be combated in order to avoid vaccination hesitancy. There is a pressing need to recover coverages, considering public health service access and socioeconomic disparities.
Dietary patterns of children living in slums and their associated factors: a cross-sectional study, 2019-2022
Authors: Veiga Gabriela Rossiter Stux , Padilha Bruna Merten , Barbosa Lídia Bezerra , Brandão Thaysa Barbosa Cavalcante , Florêncio Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo , Lima Marilia de Carvalho
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT Objective To identify dietary patterns and analyze factors associated with the consumption profile of socially vulnerable children, Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil, August 2019 to December 2021. Methods This was a cross-sectional study; sociodemographic, anthropometric and food consumption variables were collected, factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns; associations were analyzed using Poisson regression. Results Among the 567 children studied, two dietary patterns were identified, healthy and unhealthy; age ≥ 24 months (PR = 2.75; 95%CI 1.83;4.14), male gender (PR = 0.66; 95%CI 0.49;0.87) and maternal schooling ≤ 9 years (PR = 0.61; 95%CI 0.46;0.81) was higher in the healthy pattern; the unhealthy pattern was associated with age ≥ 24 months (PR = 1.02; 95%CI 1.01;1.03) and male gender (PR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.08;1.98). Conclusion The healthy pattern was more frequent in children aged ≥ 24 months, less frequent in male children and mothers with low level of schooling; children aged ≥ 24 months and males showed a higher prevalence of the unhealthy pattern.
Monotonic and cyclic lateral loading of piles in low- to medium-density chalk
Authors: McAdam R. A. , Buckley R. M. , Schranz F. , Byrne B. W. , Jardine R. J. , Kontoe S. , Liu T. , Vinck K. , Crispin J. J.
Published: August 2024

Offshore and other structures often rely on driven piles to carry lateral loads. However, there is currently no established design method to cover lateral loading at chalk sites, which are widespread across Northwest Europe. This paper reports monotonic and cyclic lateral load tests on highly instrumented 508 mm and 1220 mm diameter. open steel piles driven at a well-characterised chalk test site in Kent, UK, for a recent joint industry project that developed new benchmark datasets and analyses, supported by high-quality testing. The ultimate lateral pressures mobilised in the chalk are shown to be relatively low compared to its uniaxial compressive strengths (UCS) due to pile-driving damage, natural fracturing, local yielding and brittleness. Significant gaps opened between the piles and chalk during loading, that led to a substantially softer response on unloading and subsequent reloading, as well as marked axial capacity losses. Reaction curves extracted from the field measurements and applied in a one-dimensional numerical model perform well in reproducing the monotonic lateral tests. As with piles driven in other materials, one-way cyclic lateral loading led to permanent displacement accumulation and stiffness changes that were linked to the cyclic loading parameters. Both effects were more marked under biaxial cyclic lateral loading.
Identifying traffic-induced bridge excitations using an optimised state estimation method
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Mazhar , Jo Hongki
Published: August 2024

Knowledge of the structural excitations induced in bridges due to traffic loading is an important component of structural health monitoring. However, direct measurement of such traffic-induced structural excitations in real-world structures is extremely challenging. While model-based methods provide indirect ways to estimate structural excitation, uncertainties associated with modelling have not been effectively considered in currently available methods for the identification of traffic-induced excitations. An optimised state estimation method that can accurately identify such traffic-induced structural excitations under uncertainties is proposed. The method uses an augmented Kalman filter (AKF) and a genetic algorithm (GA). However, the selection of error covariance values on the model, measurement and excitations is a critical challenge when using the AKF, especially for cases when excitations are spatially distributed over a large number of locations. The proposed method addresses such issues using GA-based optimisation with the objective of minimising the estimation error between measured and estimated excitations. Furthermore, heterogeneous structural measurements are used in the identification of excitations to improve the accuracy and stability of the process.
Effects of waste wollastonite filler on hot mix asphalt performance
Authors: Mohammadi Anaei Hasan , Khabiri Mohammad Mehdi , Mansourian Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Asphalt pavement plays a critical role in global infrastructure, necessitating substantial annual investments for maintenance and repair. Enhancing asphalt mixture performance is essential for prolonging pavement life and reducing associated costs. This study explores the use of waste wollastonite, a neutral mineral composed of silica and lime, as a filler material in asphalt mixtures. Comprehensive micro-scale performance tests, including Marshall Stability, resistance modulus, indirect tensile strength, and moisture sensitivity, were conducted on samples incorporating waste wollastonite. The findings indicate that replacing lime filler with waste wollastonite significantly improves asphalt performance; specifically, complete substitution resulted in increases in Marshall Stability, Marshall Quotient, and resistance modulus by 30%, 28%, and 26%, respectively. Furthermore, a 70% replacement of lime with waste wollastonite led to a 9% increase in tensile strength ratio while demonstrating a notable reduction in indirect tensile strength compared to control samples. These results suggest that waste wollastonite is a viable and effective filler option for enhancing the durability of asphalt mixtures.
State Oppression, Fear, and Helplessness in Hungarian Political Jokes, 1963-1989
Authors: Zách Lili
Published: August 2024

This study explores the social and psychological functions of humour in totalitarian societies, and traces how political jokes in Hungary between 1963 and 1989 may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the link between state oppression and human rights. By analysing jokes that mocked the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party, János Kádár (1956–1988), or addressed the violence and fear in Hungary and the Eastern bloc, this study highlights the changing functions of political jokes in the aftermath of the 1956 Revolution. It analyses the tone, subject, and main aims of the jokes after the 1963 General Amnesty that aimed to serve as a compromise between the Communist state and Hungarian society. The abundance of jokes revealing human rights concerns in the collections of ethnographer Imre Katona illustrates how laughter flourished in repressive societies given the everyday need to navigate through the absurdity of the system.
The main goal of the present study is to demonstrate the multifaceted nature of humour, with special attention to how individuals’ freedom of opinion remained restricted even after the Stalinist terror of Mátyás Rákosi (1948–1956) had been replaced by Kádár’s ‘soft dictatorship’ in the mid-1960s. Despite this shift, the civil population in Communist Hungary could still not openly criticise its leaders or their policies. Fear and helplessness proved to be central features of the Hungarian People’s Republic that remained a dictatorship until 1989 and continued to limit individuals’ human rights. This study emphasises how despite these circumstances, sharing jokes could be linked to resilience due to their potential to provide a sense of control and agency.
Encarcelamiento femenino en Chile. Los efectos ocultos de la guerra contra las drogas en madres cuidadoras
Authors: Cuneo Silvio , Fernández María José
Published: August 2024

El presente trabajo busca elaborar directrices con perspectiva de género para una nueva política criminal en delitos de drogas, considerando especialmente el impacto que genera el encarcelamiento en las mujeres y sus hijas e hijos. Método: para tal efecto se analizan las políticas criminales prohibicionistas en esta materia, y los efectos que generan, poniendo especial énfasis en los patrones de involucramiento en mujeres vinculadas a delitos de drogas. Resultados: los efectos de las políticas criminales en materia de drogas, aparentemente neutras en relación con el género, reflejan como resultado que dichas políticas han generado un aumento del encarcelamiento femenino en mayor proporción que el masculino, sin incorporar especificidades y necesidades propias de las mujeres, lo que profundiza diversas vulnerabilidades a las que se ven expuestas las mujeres debido a su género. Conclusión: a través de una revisión de experiencias y normativa internacional, se elaboran propuestas concretas que, de esta manera, den un tratamiento con perspectiva de género y cumplan con la normativa internacionalel presente trabajo busca elaborar directrices con perspectiva de género para una nueva política criminal en delitos de drogas, considerando especialmente el impacto que genera el encarcelamiento en las mujeres y sus hijas e hijos. Método: para tal efecto se analizan las políticas criminales prohibicionistas en esta materia, y los efectos que generan, poniendo especial énfasis en los patrones de involucramiento en mujeres vinculadas a delitos de drogas. Resultados: los efectos de las políticas criminales en materia de drogas, aparentemente neutras en relación con el género, reflejan como resultado que dichas políticas han generado un aumento del encarcelamiento femenino en mayor proporción que el masculino, sin incorporar especificidades y necesidades propias de las mujeres, lo que profundiza diversas vulnerabilidades a las que se ven expuestas las mujeres debido a su género. Conclusión: a través de una revisión de experiencias y normativa internacional, se elaboran propuestas concretas que, de esta manera, den un tratamiento con perspectiva de género y cumplan con la normativa internacional.
El derecho a la propiedad: construcción histórica y antecedentes en la historia constitucional republicana
Authors: Alarcón Peña Andrea , Marulanda Diana , López Oliva José
Published: August 2024

El artículo tiene como objetivo: identificar los principales antecedentes que, el derecho a la propiedad tiene en la historia constitucional republicana del país a partir de una revisión de aspectos fundamentales del desarrollo económico y constitucional de los siglos XIX y XX. Método: para cumplir con el objetivo propuesto, se hizo aplicación de una metodología de análisis histórico documental para compilar y estudiar los insumos bibliográficos y doctrina pertinente que permitiera identificar los elementos fundamentales, el enfoque es cualitativo, el alcance es exploratorio y correlacional y los método dogmático y hermenéutico crítico. Resultados: se evidencia cómo la comprensión de los principales precedentes de la historia económica del país, se asocian a la evolución del reconocimiento normativo del derecho a la propiedad e incide significativamente en la construcción que, con ocasión de 1991, experimentó el derecho y modificó su visión tradicional de carácter absolutista. Conclusión: el proceso de fundamentación normativa del derecho a la propiedad se advierte en la consagración de este en todos los textos constitucionales y Constituciones económicas de la historia republicana colombiana, sin embargo, su estudio, hasta el año 1991, suponía remisión al Código civil debido a la ausencia de valor normativo de las constituciones y la necesidad de garantizar una gran libertad en su ejercicio para permitir la consolidación de una economía de mercado.
Die Erfahrung des Anderen in leibhaftiger und digitaler Interaktion
Authors: Bonnemann Jens
Published: August 2024

The article compares the way in which another person appears to me on the one hand in physical communication and on the other in digital communication. The comparison is again based on a distinction between two very different forms of proximity and distance relationships. Physical proximity refers to spatial proximity and thus also the intensity of the experience of the sensual presence of the other person, while interpersonal proximity refers to the emotional connection with the other person. Using a series of examples of life-world interaction, which ultimately boils down to online conversations, the relationship between physical and interpersonal closeness is examined in the course of the article.
Performance of five dynamic models in predicting tuberculosis incidence in three prisons in Thailand v1
Authors: Mahawan Nithinan , Rattananupong Thanapoom , Sri-Uam Puchong
Published: August 2024

This study examined the ability of the following five dynamic models for predicting pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) incidence in a prison setting. This 1-year prospective cohort study employed 985 cells from three Thai prisons. The results show that a 1% increase in baseline TB transmission probability was associated with a 3%–7% increase in future PTB incidence rate, depending on the dynamic model. The Wells–Riley model exhibited the best performance in terms of both internal and external validity.
Measurement of Education Effectiveness in the BRICS countries and Turkey
Authors: İmre-Bıyıklı Süreyya , Kamil Anton Abdulbasah
Published: August 2024

The high literacy rate in a country shows that educational attainment is progressing well and efficiently. In this study, we aim to compare the effectiveness of education in the BRICS countries - Brazil, India, Russia, China, South Africa - and Turkey. We use the Stochastic Frontier Analysis method to measure the technical efficiency of education. The study utilizes 2017 and 2018 data, and linear functions to examine technical efficiency. The dataset comprises cross-sectional data. As a result, South Africa and India show the lowest technical efficiency scores, followed by China. Russia, Brazil, and Turkey scored high on technical efficiency for 2017 and 2018. This means that education levels in South Africa and India are unequal and shared among all residents. The 2017 and 2018 productivity scores are the same at 0.99% in Turkey, Russia, and Brazil. India's productivity score increased by 0.10% to 0.55% in 2018. Likewise, the productivity score calculated for China decreased by an average of 0.07 percent to 0.70 percent. However, South Africa's productivity score fell by 0.08 percent to 0.01 percent in 2018.
Experience of using Beers criteria in clinical practice (according to Russian literature)
Authors: Cherniaeva M. S. , Rozhkova M. A. , Kazakova M. V. , Egorova L. A. , Maslennikova O. M. , Lebedev G. S. , Lomakin N. V. , Sychev D. A.
Published: August 2024

Objective: analysis of domestic scientific literature to identify ways of applying the Beers criteria, frequency of prescriptions and the structure of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in elderly patients.

Material and methods. The search for publications was carried out in Google Scholar abstract database, as wel as in eLibrary and CyberLeninka information-bearing networks for the period from 2013 to 2023. In total, 34 articles were found, among which 18 sources used Beers criteria as a tool for identifying PIMs.

Results. In inpatient therapeutic departments, the maximum frequency of PIMs prescriptions according to the Beers criteria was 66.6% of cases, in surgical departments – 70%, in psychiatric departments – 90.4%, and in outpatient treatment settings – 28%. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at different diseases were the most prescribed group of PIMs in both inpatients and outpatients. Surgical hospitals took the leading position in prescribing these drugs; specifically, more than 2/3 of elderly patients (75%) received them. According to two studies describing clinical cases of drug-induced falls in patients, the Beers criteria were effective in identifying drugs that can provoke this condition. One of papers presented application of Beers criteria to assess the economic affordability of replacing PIMs with safer new generation drugs.

Conclusion. An analysis of domestic literature data has shown various ways of applying the Beers criteria, the frequency of prescriptions, and the most common PIMs. This information will help healthcare workers to be more wary of such drugs and think over applying the Beers criteria in routine practice of geriatric patients, which will further prevent or reduce the number of adverse drug reactions.
Doğu Akdeniz’de Türkiye İçin Önemli Bir Güç Çarpanı: İskenderun Limanı ve Stratejik Önemi
Authors: Tuna Ozan , Yaman Muzaffer , Kılıç Abdullah Talha
Published: August 2024

Bir limanın hangi koşullar altında stratejik bir öneme sahip olabileceği, askerî, siyasî ve iktisadî potansiyelinin tespit edilmesi ile anlaşılabilir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı İskenderun limanının stratejik önemi ve Türk donanmasına sağladığı avantajların tespit edilmesi ve incelenmesidir. Limanın sağladığı avantajlar ve stratejik öneminin anlaşılması ve objektif bir değerlendirmesi için bölgede varlık gösteren diğer deniz güçleri de incelenmiştir. Arşiv belgeleri ve ikincil kaynaklardan istifade edilerek yapılan analiz sonucunda, İskenderun limanının potansiyelinin Türk donanmasına Doğu Akdeniz’deki gelişmelere müdahale ve deniz kontrolü noktasında bir caydırıcılık teşkil ettiği ve psikolojik üstünlük sağladığı öne sürülmektedir. İskenderun körfezinin sağladığı coğrafî avantajların Türk donanmasına yönelik muhtemel tehditlerini ve düşman unsurların istihbarat toplama gayretlerini zorlaştırmaktadır. Son olarak limanın, kuvvet projeksiyonu bağlamında daha az bir kuvvetle gelişmelere müdahale olanağı vereceğinin altı çizilmiştir.
On “New War” Thinking: Moving Beyond the Current Debate
Authors: Solmaz Tarık
Published: August 2024

Over the past three decades, “new war” thinking has become a significant focus in military debates. The central contention of “new war” thinking is that post-Cold War conflicts are essentially different from those of the late modern era, such as World War I and World War II. The alleged novelty of post-Cold Wars has been vehemently challenged. Critics have maintained that “new war” scholars underestimate the lasting influence of the past on today’s conflicts and attempt to radically change the way we think about war without providing empirically grounded arguments. The debate on the nature vs. character of war has significantly enriched the literature on the subject. However, there is a crucial oversight in the current literature: the power dynamics embedded in “new war” thinking. This article critically examines whether they rely purely on academic views of war by comparing Western, Russian, and Chinese perspectives. It argues that most exemplars of “new war” thinking are highly value-laden, based on certain national/civilizational security threat assessments that reflect the narrow strategic concerns of the great powers. So, playing on Robert Cox’s famous dictum on the role of theories, “new war” concepts are generally for some states and for some purposes.
Can a Child with a Lifelong Infectious Condition Be Safe?
Authors: Ushakova M.A. , Ratoshnyuk Yu.A.
Published: August 2024

The article reveals the features of creating a friendly environment for orphans and children left without parental care living with HIV, forming adherence to treatment, contributing to an increase in well-being. The tools for assessing well-being and the results of data analysis are presented.