bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Volatility Modeling with the GARCH-MIDAS-LSTM Approach: The Effects of Economic Expectations, Geopolitical Risks and Industrial Production during COVID-19
Authors: Ersin Özgür Ömer , Bildirici Melike
Published: April 2023

Forecasting stock markets is an important challenge due to leptokurtic distributions with heavy tails due to uncertainties in markets, economies, and political fluctuations. To forecast the direction of stock markets, the inclusion of leading indicators to volatility models is highly important; however, such series are generally at different frequencies. The paper proposes the GARCH-MIDAS-LSTM model, a hybrid method that benefits from LSTM deep neural networks for forecast accuracy, and the GARCH-MIDAS model for the integration of effects of low-frequency variables in high-frequency stock market volatility modeling. The models are being tested for a forecast sample including the COVID-19 shut-down after the first official case period and the economic reopening period in in Borsa Istanbul stock market in Türkiye. For this sample, significant uncertainty existed regarding future economic expectations, and the period provided an interesting laboratory to test the forecast effectiveness of the proposed LSTM augmented model in addition to GARCH-MIDAS models, which included geopolitical risk, future economic expectations, trends, and cycle industrial production indices as low-frequency variables. The evidence suggests that stock market volatility is most effectively modeled with geopolitical risk, followed by industrial production, and a relatively lower performance is achieved by future economic expectations. These findings imply that increases in geopolitical risk enhance stock market volatility further, and that industrial production and future economic expectations work in the opposite direction. Most importantly, the forecast results suggest suitability of both the GARCH-MIDAS and GARCH-MIDAS-LSTM models, and with good forecasting capabilities. However, a comparison shows significant root mean squared error reduction with the novel GARCH-MIDAS-LSTM model over GARCH-MIDAS models. Percentage decline in root mean squared errors for forecasts are between 39% to 95% in LSTM augmented models depending on the type of economic indicator used. The proposed approach offers a key tool for investors and policymakers.
A Computational Method with Maple for Finding the Maximum Curvature of a Bézier-Spline Curve
Authors: Pijls Henk , Quan Le Phuong
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we propose two Maple procedures and some related utilities to determine the maximum curvature of a cubic Bézier-spline curve that interpolates an ordered set of points in R2 or R3. The procedures are designed from closed-form formulas for such open and closed curves.
A Survey of Greek Primary Care Physicians on Their Likeability in Treating Migraines and Other Common Diseases
Authors: Vikelis Michail , Argyriou Andreas A. , Antoniou Anastasia , Spingos Konstantinos C. , Skliros Athanasios E. , Bilias Konstantinos , Kouroudi Aikaterini , Dermitzakis Emmanouil V. , Skliros Efstathios A.
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives: Migraine is considered the most clinically important primary headache due to its high prevalence and significant burden. Although globally categorized as one of the leading causes of disability, it is still largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. Worldwide, migraine care is in most cases provided by primary care physicians. The aim of our study was to assess the attitudes of Greek primary care physicians toward treating migraine compared to other common neurological and general medical disorders. Methods: We surveyed 182 primary care physicians with the use of a 5-point questionnaire regarding their preference in treating ten common medical conditions, including migraine, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, upper respiratory tract infections, diabetes mellitus, lower back pain, dizziness, transient ischemic attack, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and fibromyalgia. Results: Overall, with regards to preference to treat, migraine scored very low (3.6 ± 1.0), next to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (3.6 ± 1.0), and third from the bottom to fibromyalgia (3.25 ± 1.06). In contrast, physicians reported a much higher preference to treat hypertension (4.66 ± 0.60) and hyperlipidemia (4.6 ± 1.0). Conclusions: Our results indicate that Greek primary care physicians dislike treating migraines but also other neurological diseases. Topics for further investigation include the reasons for this dislike, any associations with poor patient satisfaction, treatment results, or both.
Accuracy of Computer-Guided Implantology with Pilot Drill Surgical Guide: Retrospective 3D Radiologic Investigation in Partially Edentulous Patients
Authors: Gelpi Federico , Modena Nicolò , Poscolere Alessandro , Bernardello Fabio , Torroni Lorena , De Santis Daniele
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives: Implant placement with static navigation enables the reaching of a correct position of implants from an anatomical and prosthetic point of view. Different approaches of static navigation are described in the scientific literature, and the pilot-guided approach is one of the least investigated. The aim of the present study is the evaluation of the accuracy of implant insertion using a pilot drill template. Materials and Methods: Fifteen partially edentulous patients, requiring an implant rehabilitation of at least one implant, were enrolled. Pre- and post-operative low-dose CTs were acquired to measure the differences between final positions of implants and virtually planned ones. Three linear discrepancies (coronal, apical, and depth), two angular ones (bucco-lingual and mesio-distal), and the imprecision area were evaluated. Correlations between accuracy and rehabilitated jaws, sectors, and implant length and diameters were also analyzed. Results: Forty implants were inserted in fifteen patients using pilot drill templates. Mean coronal deviation was 1.08 mm, mean apical deviation was 1.77 mm, mean depth deviation was −0.48 mm, mean bucco-lingual angular deviation was 4.75°, and mean mesio-distal one was 5.22°. The accuracy was statistically influenced only by the rehabilitated jaw for coronal discrepancy and sectors and implant diameter for bucco-lingual angular deviations. Conclusions: The pilot drill template could represent a predictable solution to obtain a correct implant placement. Nonetheless, a safety margin of at least 2 mm should be respected during implant planning to prevent damages to anatomical structures. Therefore, the tool is helpful in order to prosthetically drive the implants; still, great attention must be paid in fully relying on this procedure when approaching dangerous structures such as nerves and vessels.
Effects of Cold Expansion on Residual Stress of 7050 Aluminium Alloy Frame Forging
Authors: Gong Hai , Sun Xiaoliang , Zhang Tao , Tang Hua
Published: April 2023

Regulation of residual stress in a component is the key to improving its service performance. A cold expansion method was proposed for reducing the residual stress in 7050 aluminium alloy curved frame forging after quenching. The effect of the cold expansion method on the residual stress and equivalent plastic strain distribution of the 7050 aluminium alloy curved frame forging was investigated. The results showed that the maximum residual stress at the center thickness was reduced from 153 MPa to 94 MPa after the cold expansion, while it decreased from 283 MPa to 120 MPa at the surface with the highest stress reduction rate of 86.2%. The stress uniformity in the final forming region of the forging was improved. The equivalent plastic strain of the forging gradually decreases from the center to each side along the diameter of the expanded hole in cold expansion. The stress reduction effect matched with the distribution of equivalent plastic strain. The surface stress of the forging measured by x-rays diffraction (XRD) method was in agreement with the simulation results, and the reliability of the numerical model was verified. The cold expansion method can effectively reduce the quenched residual stress in curved frame forging.
Au/ZnO Nanocomposites Prepared by Laser Ablation for Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxic Properties against Cancer Cells
Authors: Alhujaily Muhanad , Jabir Majid , Nayef Uday , Rashid Taha , Sulaiman Ghassan , Khalil Khalil , Rahmah Muntadher , Najm Mazin , Jabbar Rihab , Jawad Sabrean
Published: April 2023

This study presents a comprehensive look into the potential therapeutic, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of a nanocomposite (NC) of gold (Au) and zinc oxide (ZnO). In this study, we analyzed the adherence between Au nanoparticles (NPs) and ZnO NPs. X-ray diffraction analysis showed high crystallinity and small crystallite sizes of Au NPs and ZnO NPs, while transmission electron microscopy showed spherical NPs. Furthermore, histogram analysis showed that the average particle size of Au NPs is 27 nm, while that of ZnO NPs is 35 nm. The adherence of ZnO NPs on the surface of Au NPs increased their combined particle size to 51 nm and revealed a high-population core-shell structure. The activity of Au/ZnO NCs against Escherichia coli was more potent when compared to that of elemental Au and ZnO NPs alone. The cytotoxic effects of Au NPs, ZnO NPs, and Au/ZnO NCs against human breast cancer cells (AMG13) and human esophageal adenocarcinoma cancer cells (SK-GT4) were investigated in this study. We found that AMG13 is more sensitive than SK-GT4 to the activity of Au/ZnO NCs. The cytotoxicity of Au/ZnO NCs against AMG13 was 89%, while that against SK-GT4 was 85%. Less cytotoxic effects were recorded against normal cells (MCF7) when compared with those of cancer cells. Based on these findings, the synthesized Au/ZnO NCs could be used as a promising strategy for biomedical applications.
Advances in Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples
Authors: Pinto Joana
Published: April 2023

Metabolomics constitutes a promising approach to clinical diagnostics, but its practical implementation in clinical settings is hindered by the requirement for rapid and efficient analytical methods [...]
Screening for NAFLD—Current Knowledge and Challenges
Authors: Forlano Roberta , Sigon Giordano , Mullish Benjamin H. , Yee Michael , Manousou Pinelopi
Published: April 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of abnormal liver function tests worldwide, with an estimated prevalence ranging between 19–46% in the general population. Of note, NAFLD is also expected to become a leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the next decades. Given the high prevalence and severity of NAFLD, especially in high-risk populations (i.e., patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity), there is a major interest in early detection of the disease in primary care. Nevertheless, substantial uncertainties still surround the development of a screening policy for NAFLD, such as limitations in currently used non-invasive markers of fibrosis, cost-effectiveness and the absence of a licensed treatment. In this review, we summarise current knowledge and try to identify the limitations surrounding the screening policy for NAFLD in primary care.
The Development of Limestone Weathering Rind in a Proglacial Environment of the Hallstätter Glacier
Authors: Dąbski Maciej , Badura Ireneusz , Kycko Marlena , Grabarczyk Anna , Matlakowska Renata , Otto Jan-Christoph
Published: April 2023

The contemporary retreat of glaciers results in the development of glacial forelands which constitute excellent areas for studies on the initial stages of weathering. This research concentrates on weathering rinds developed on glacially abraded Dachstein limestone surfaces (Eastern Alps) liberated from glacial ice since LIA (mid-19th century). We performed measurements of rock surface micro-roughness and strength (Schmidt hammer), spectral reflectance, and petrographic and microbiological analyses in SEM. There was a time-dependent increase in micro-roughness, decrease in rock strength and decrease in spectral reflectivity, but only within visual light. Rock surfaces on older sites reflected infrared radiation significantly better than younger ones. SEM analysis revealed that angular micro-structures inherited from glacial abrasion dominated in younger sites, eventually giving way to more rounded micro-structures. The structure of rock (micrite versus spar, phlogopite veinlets, etc.) plays a significant role. On older sites, microorganisms were detected within the studied weathering rinds, which probably results in better infrared reflectivity. We advocate the potential role of microorganisms (mainly heterotrophic) in the dissolution of limestone, and the role of cyanobacteria in the formation of the secondary porous limestone layer (extracellular biomineralization).
Inorganic Skeleton Reinforcement—A Generic Approach to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Biochar
Authors: Chen Zhikai , Jiang Xiaoli , Zhang Yagang , Li Wei , Tang Zhiqiang , Liu Yanxia , Zhao Lin
Published: April 2023

Biochar is considered as a promising candidate for emerging sustainable energy systems and environmental technology applications. However, the improvement of mechanical properties remains challenges. Herein, we propose a generic strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of bio-based carbon materials through inorganic skeleton reinforcement. As a proof-of-concept, silane, geopolymer, and inorganic gel are selected as precursors. The composites’ structures are characterized and an inorganic skeleton reinforcement mechanism is elucidated. Specifically, two types of reinforcement of the silicon-oxygen skeleton network formed in situ with biomass pyrolysis and the silica-oxy-al-oxy network are constructed to improve the mechanical properties. A significant improvement in mechanical strength was achieved for bio-based carbon materials. The compressive strength of well-balanced porous carbon materials modified by silane can reach up to 88.9 kPa, geopolymer-modified carbon material exhibits an enhanced compressive strength of 36.8 kPa, and that of inorganic-gel-polymer-modified carbon material is 124.6 kPa. Moreover, the prepared carbon materials with enhanced mechanical properties show excellent adsorption performance and high reusability for organic pollutant model compound methylene blue dye. This work demonstrates a promising and universal strategy for enhancing the mechanical properties of biomass-derived porous carbon materials.
Delivery of Apoplastic Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulating Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles to Treat Citrus Canker
Authors: Gaurav Isha , Thakur Abhimanyu , Kumar Gaurav , Long Qin , Zhang Kui , Sidu Rakesh Kumar , Thakur Sudha , Sarkar Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Anoop , Iyaswamy Ashok , Yang Zhijun
Published: April 2023

The citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis has caused severe damage to citrus crops worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses for the citrus industry. To address this, a green synthesis method was used to develop silver nanoparticles with the leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri (GS-AgNP-LEPN). This method replaces the need for toxic reagents, as the LEPN acts as a reducing and capping agent. To further enhance their effectiveness, the GS-AgNP-LEPN were encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanovesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–1000 nm naturally released from different sources, including plant and mammalian cells, and found in the apoplastic fluid (APF) of leaves. When compared to a regular antibiotic (ampicillin), the delivery of APF-EV-GS-AgNP-LEPN and GS-AgNP-LEPN to X. axonopodis pv. was shown to have more significant antimicrobial activity. Our analysis showed the presence of phyllanthin and nirurinetin in the LEPN and found evidence that both could be responsible for antimicrobial activity against X. axonopodis pv. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FAD-FNR) and the effector protein XopAI play a crucial role in the survival and virulence of X. axonopodis pv. Our molecular docking studies showed that nirurinetin could bind to FAD-FNR and XopAI with high binding energies (−10.32 kcal/mol and −6.13 kcal/mol, respectively) as compared to phyllanthin (−6.42 kcal/mol and −2.93 kcal/mol, respectively), which was also supported by the western blot experiment. We conclude that (a) the hybrid of APF-EV and GS-NP could be an effective treatment for citrus canker, and (b) it works via the nirurinetin-dependent inhibition of FAD-FNR and XopAI in X. axonopodis pv.
High-Performance P- and N-Type SiGe/Si Strained Super-Lattice FinFET and CMOS Inverter: Comparison of Si and SiGe FinFET
Authors: Yao Yi-Ju , Yang Ching-Ru , Tseng Ting-Yu , Chang Heng-Jia , Lin Tsai-Jung , Luo Guang-Li , Hou Fu-Ju , Wu Yung-Chun , Chang-Liao Kuei-Shu
Published: April 2023

This research presents the optimization and proposal of P- and N-type 3-stacked Si0.8Ge0.2/Si strained super-lattice FinFETs (SL FinFET) using Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) epitaxy. Three device structures, Si FinFET, Si0.8Ge0.2 FinFET, and Si0.8Ge0.2/Si SL FinFET, were comprehensively compared with HfO2 = 4 nm/TiN = 80 nm. The strained effect was analyzed using Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping (RSM). The results show that Si0.8Ge0.2/Si SL FinFET exhibited the lowest average subthreshold slope (SSavg) of 88 mV/dec, the highest maximum transconductance (Gm, max) of 375.2 μS/μm, and the highest ON–OFF current ratio (ION/IOFF), approximately 106 at VOV = 0.5 V due to the strained effect. Furthermore, with the super-lattice FinFETs as complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) inverters, a maximum gain of 91 v/v was achieved by varying the supply voltage from 0.6 V to 1.2 V. The simulation of a Si0.8Ge0.2/Si super-lattice FinFET with the state of the art was also investigated. The proposed Si0.8Ge0.2/Si strained SL FinFET is fully compatible with the CMOS technology platform, showing promising flexibility for extending CMOS scaling.
Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Facile One-Step Synthesized Cu-Cu2O-Cu3N Nanoparticle Mixtures
Authors: Paredes Patricio , Rauwel Erwan , Wragg David S. , Rapenne Laetitia , Estephan Elias , Volobujeva Olga , Rauwel Protima
Published: April 2023

Sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation is an effective and eco-friendly technology for the removal of organic pollutants from contaminated water. Herein, we describe the one-step synthesis of Cu-Cu2O-Cu3N nanoparticle mixtures using a novel non-aqueous, sol-gel route and their application in the solar-driven photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. The crystalline structure and morphology were investigated with XRD, SEM and TEM. The optical properties of the as-prepared photocatalysts were investigated with Raman, FTIR, UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The influence of the phase proportions of Cu, Cu2O and Cu3N in the nanoparticle mixtures on the photocatalytic activity was also investigated. Overall, the sample containing the highest quantity of Cu3N exhibits the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency (95%). This enhancement is attributed to factors such as absorption range broadening, increased specific surface of the photocatalysts and the downward band bending in the p-type semiconductors, i.e., Cu3N and Cu2O. Two different catalytic dosages were studied, i.e., 5 mg and 10 mg. The higher catalytic dosage exhibited lower photocatalytic degradation efficiency owing to the increase in the turbidity of the solution.
Smart Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Stimulus-Response Materials: From Intelligent Applications to Self-Powered Systems
Authors: Wang Xueqing , Qin Qinghao , Lu Yin , Mi Yajun , Meng Jiajing , Zhao Zequan , Wu Han , Cao Xia , Wang Ning
Published: April 2023

Smart responsive materials can react to external stimuli via a reversible mechanism and can be directly combined with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to deliver various intelligent applications, such as sensors, actuators, robots, artificial muscles, and controlled drug delivery. Not only that, mechanical energy in the reversible response of innovative materials can be scavenged and transformed into decipherable electrical signals. Because of the high dependence of amplitude and frequency on environmental stimuli, self-powered intelligent systems may be thus built and present an immediate response to stress, electrical current, temperature, magnetic field, or even chemical compounds. This review summarizes the recent research progress of smart TENGs based on stimulus-response materials. After briefly introducing the working principle of TENG, we discuss the implementation of smart materials in TENGs with a classification of several sub-groups: shape-memory alloy, piezoelectric materials, magneto-rheological, and electro-rheological materials. While we focus on their design strategy and function collaboration, applications in robots, clinical treatment, and sensors are described in detail to show the versatility and promising future of smart TNEGs. In the end, challenges and outlooks in this field are highlighted, with an aim to promote the integration of varied advanced intelligent technologies into compact, diverse functional packages in a self-powered mode.
Nanostructures Stacked on Hafnium Oxide Films Interfacing Graphene and Silicon Oxide Layers as Resistive Switching Media
Authors: Kahro Tauno , Raudonen Kristina , Merisalu Joonas , Tarre Aivar , Ritslaid Peeter , Kasikov Aarne , Jõgiaas Taivo , Käämbre Tanel , Otsus Markus , Kozlova Jekaterina , Alles Harry , Tamm Aile , Kukli Kaupo
Published: April 2023

SiO2 films were grown to thicknesses below 15 nm by ozone-assisted atomic layer deposition. The graphene was a chemical vapor deposited on copper foil and transferred wet-chemically to the SiO2 films. On the top of the graphene layer, either continuous HfO2 or SiO2 films were grown by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition or by electron beam evaporation, respectively. Micro-Raman spectroscopy confirmed the integrity of the graphene after the deposition processes of both the HfO2 and SiO2. Stacked nanostructures with graphene layers intermediating the SiO2 and either the SiO2 or HfO2 insulator layers were devised as the resistive switching media between the top Ti and bottom TiN electrodes. The behavior of the devices was studied comparatively with and without graphene interlayers. The switching processes were attained in the devices supplied with graphene interlayers, whereas in the media consisting of the SiO2-HfO2 double layers only, the switching effect was not observed. In addition, the endurance characteristics were improved after the insertion of graphene between the wide band gap dielectric layers. Pre-annealing the Si/TiN/SiO2 substrates before transferring the graphene further improved the performance.
The Family’s Contribution to Patient Safety
Authors: Correia Tânia , Martins Maria Manuela , Barroso Fernando , Pinho Lara , Longo João , Valentim Olga
Published: April 2023

Background: Person- and family-centered care is one of the recommendations to achieve quality of care and patient safety. However, many health professionals associate the family with insecurity in care. Objective: To analyze, based on nurses’ statements, the advantages and disadvantages of the family’s presence in hospitals for the safety of hospitalized patients. Methods: This was a qualitative interpretative study based on James Reason’s risk model, conducted through semi-structured interviews with 10 nurses selected by convenience. A content analysis was performed using Bardin’s methodology and MAXQDA Plus 2022 software. Results: We identified 17 categories grouped according to the representation of the family in patient safety: The family as a Potentiator of Security Failures (7) and Family as a Safety Barrier (10). Conclusions: The higher number of categories identified under Family as a Safety Barrier shows that nurses see strong potential in the family’s involvement in patient safety. By identifying the need to intervene with and for families so that their involvement is safe, we observed an increase in the complexity of nursing care, which suggests the need to improve nursing ratios, according to the participants.
Morphological and Physiological Indicators and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Mechanism of Selenium Multilevel Mitigation of Cadmium Damage in Brassica juncea
Authors: Li Linling , Wang Shiyan , Wu Shuai , Rao Shen , Li Li , Cheng Shuiyuan , Cheng Hua
Published: April 2023

Cadmium (Cd) is a common agricultural soil pollutant, which does serious harm to the environment and the human body. In this study, Brassica juncea was treated with different concentrations of CdCl2 and Na2SeO3. Then, physiological indexes and transcriptome were measured to reveal the mechanisms by which Se reduces the inhibition and toxicity of Cd in B. juncea. The results showed that Se alleviated the inhibitive Cd effects on seedling biomass, root length, and chlorophyll, and promoted the adsorption of Cd by pectin and lignin in the root cell wall (CW). Se also alleviated the oxidative stress induced by Cd, and reduced the content of MDA in cells. As a result, SeCys and SeMet alleviated the transport of Cd to the shoots. Transcriptome data showed that the bivalent cation transporter MPP and ABCC subfamily participated in the separation of Cd in vacuoles, CAL1 was related to the chelation of Cd in the cytoplasm of cells, and ZIP transporter 4 reduced the transport of Cd to the shoots. These results indicated that Se alleviated the damage of Cd in plants and decreased its transport to the shoots by improving the antioxidant system, enhancing the ability of the CW to adsorb Cd, reducing the activity of Cd transporters, and chelating Cd.
Cold Plasma-Induced Changes in Stevia rebaudiana Morphometric and Biochemical Parameter Correlations
Authors: Judickaitė Augustė , Venckus Justinas , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu , Mildažienė Vida , Žūkienė Rasa
Published: April 2023

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is an economically important source of natural low-calorie sweeteners, steviol glycosides (SGs), with stevioside (Stev) and rebaudioside A (RebA) being the most abundant. Pre-sowing seed treatment with cold plasma (CP) was shown to stimulate SGs biosynthesis/accumulation up to several fold. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility to predict CP-induced biochemical changes in plants from morphometric parameters. Principle component analysis (PCA) was applied to two different sets of data: morphometric parameters versus SGs concentrations and ratio, and morphometric parameters versus other secondary metabolites (total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC)) and antioxidant activity (AA). Seeds were treated for 2, 5 and 7 min with CP (CP2, CP5 and CP7 groups) before sowing. CP treatment stimulated SGs production. CP5 induced the highest increase of RebA, Stev and RebA+Stev concentrations (2.5-, 1.6-, and 1.8-fold, respectively). CP did not affect TPC, TFC or AA and had a duration-dependent tendency to decrease leaf dry mass and plant height. The correlation analysis of individual plant traits revealed that at least one morphometric parameter negatively correlates with Stev orRebA+Stev concentration after CP treatment.
Optimization of the In Vitro Proliferation of an Ancient Pear Tree Cultivar (‘Decana d’inverno’) through the Use of Neem Oil
Authors: Regni Luca , Facchin Simona Lucia , da Silva Daniel Fernandes , Proietti Primo , Silvestri Cristian , Micheli Maurizio
Published: April 2023

In vitro culture, ensuring rapid multiplication and production of plant material under aseptic conditions, represents an excellent tool for ex-situ conservation of tree species biodiversity and can be used for the conservation, among others, of endangered and rare crops. Among the Pyrus communis L. cultivars that have been abandoned over the years due to changed cultivation requirements, but which are still used today in breeding programs, there is the ‘Decana d’inverno’. Pear is generally considered a recalcitrant species for in vitro propagation due to weak multiplication rate, hyperhydricity, and susceptibility to phenolic oxidation. Therefore, the use of natural substances like neem oil (although little explored) represents one of the options to improve the in vitro plant’s tissue culture. In this context, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of adding neem oil (0.1 and 0.5 m L L−1) to the growth substrate in order to optimise the in vitro culture of the ancient pear tree cultivar ‘Decana d’inverno’. The neem oil addition resulted in an increase in the number of shoots produced especially at both concentrations used. On the contrary, an increase in length of proliferated shoots was observed only with the addition of 0.1 mL L−1. The neem oil addition did not affect the explants viability, fresh and dry weights. Therefore, the present study demonstrated for the first time the possibility of using neem oil to optimise the in vitro culture of an ancient pear tree cultivar.
Dissection of Developmental Programs and Regulatory Modules Directing Endosperm Transfer Cell and Aleurone Identity in the Syncytial Endosperm of Barley
Authors: Hertig Christian , Rutten Twan , Melzer Michael , Schippers Jos H. M. , Thiel Johannes
Published: April 2023

Endosperm development in barley starts with the formation of a multinucleate syncytium, followed by cellularization in the ventral part of the syncytium generating endosperm transfer cells (ETCs) as first differentiating subdomain, whereas aleurone (AL) cells will originate from the periphery of the enclosing syncytium. Positional signaling in the syncytial stage determines cell identity in the cereal endosperm. Here, we performed a morphological analysis and employed laser capture microdissection (LCM)-based RNA-seq of the ETC region and the peripheral syncytium at the onset of cellularization to dissect developmental and regulatory programs directing cell specification in the early endosperm. Transcriptome data revealed domain-specific characteristics and identified two-component signaling (TCS) and hormone activities (auxin, ABA, ethylene) with associated transcription factors (TFs) as the main regulatory links for ETC specification. On the contrary, differential hormone signaling (canonical auxin, gibberellins, cytokinin) and interacting TFs control the duration of the syncytial phase and timing of cellularization of AL initials. Domain-specific expression of candidate genes was validated by in situ hybridization and putative protein–protein interactions were confirmed by split-YFP assays. This is the first transcriptome analysis dissecting syncytial subdomains of cereal seeds and provides an essential framework for initial endosperm differentiation in barley, which is likely also valuable for comparative studies with other cereal crops.
Evolution and Classification of Musaceae Based on Male Floral Morphology
Authors: Inta Wandee , Traiperm Paweena , Ruchisansakun Saroj , Janssens Steven B. , Viboonjun Unchera , Swangpol Sasivimon C.
Published: April 2023

Classification of the banana family (Musaceae) into three genera, Musa, Ensete and Musella, and infrageneric ranking are still ambiguous. Within the genus Musa, five formerly separated sections were recently merged into sections Musa and Callimusa based on seed morphology, molecular data and chromosome numbers. Nevertheless, other key morphological characters of the genera, sections, and species have not been clearly defined. This research aims to investigate male floral morphology, classify members of the banana family based on overall similarity of morphological traits using 59 banana accessions of 21 taxa and make inferences of the evolutionary relationships of 57 taxa based on ITS, trnL-F, rps16 and atpB-rbcL sequences from 67 Genbank and 10 newly collected banana accessions. Fifteen quantitative characters were examined using principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis and 22 qualitative characters were analyzed by the Unweighted Pair Group Method with an Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). The results showed that fused tepal morphology, median inner tepal shape and length of style supported the three clades of Musa, Ensete and Musella, while shapes of median inner tepal and stigma classified the two Musa sections. In conclusion, a combination of morphological characters of male flowers and molecular phylogenetics well support the taxonomic arrangement within the banana family and the Musa genus and assist in selection of characters to construct an identification key of Musaceae.
Phenolics Profiling by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn of the Scientific Unknown Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. and Its Antioxidant and Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Activities
Authors: da Costa Ygor Ferreira Garcia , Llorent-Martínez Eulogio José , Fernandes Laura Silva , de Freitas Pedro Henrique Santos , Scio Elita , de Sousa Orlando Vieira , Castilho Paula Cristina , Alves Maria Silvana
Published: April 2023

Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. is an Asian native plant species that is also widely distributed in the Americas. Despite its traditional uses, P. hydropiperoides is scarcely scientifically exploited. This study aimed to chemically characterize and investigate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hexane (HE-Ph), ethyl acetate (EAE-Ph), and ethanolic (EE-Ph) extracts from aerial parts of P. hydropiperoides. The chemical characterization was performed through HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the phosphomolybdenum reducing power, nitric oxide inhibition, and the β-carotene bleaching assays. The antibacterial activity was determined by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration followed by the classification of the antibacterial effect. Chemical characterization revealed the expressive presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in EAE-Ph. An increased antioxidant capacity was revealed in EAE-Ph. Regarding antibacterial activity, EAE-Ph showed weak to moderate property against 13 strains tested with MIC values ranging from 625 to 5000 µg/mL, with bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects. Glucogallin and gallic acid stand out as the most relevant bioactive compounds. These results suggest that P. hydropiperoides is a natural source of active substances, supporting this species’ traditional use.
Introduction: Seas, Lakes, and Rivers in the Adriatic, Alpine, Dinaric, and Pannonian Regions during the Quaternary
Authors: Jamšek Rupnik Petra , Novak Ana , Šmuc Andrej
Published: April 2023

Like other regions located in tectonically active areas, the Adriatic, Alpine, Dinaric, and Pannonian regions have undergone numerous changes during the Quaternary [...]
A Comparative Study of Structural Deformation Test Based on Edge Detection and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Tang Ruixiang , Chen Wenbing , Wu Yousong , Xiong Hongbin , Yan Banfu
Published: April 2023

Digital image-correlation (DIC) algorithms rely heavily on the accuracy of the initial values provided by whole-pixel search algorithms for structural displacement monitoring. When the measured displacement is too large or exceeds the search domain, the calculation time and memory consumption of the DIC algorithm will increase greatly, and even fail to obtain the correct result. The paper introduced two edge-detection algorithms, Canny and Zernike moments in digital image-processing (DIP) technology, to perform geometric fitting and sub-pixel positioning on the specific pattern target pasted on the measurement position, and to obtain the structural displacement according to the change of the target position before and after deformation. This paper compared the difference between edge detection and DIC in accuracy and calculation speed through numerical simulation, laboratory, and field tests. The study demonstrated that the structural displacement test based on edge detection is slightly inferior to the DIC algorithm in terms of accuracy and stability. As the search domain of the DIC algorithm becomes larger, its calculation speed decreases sharply, and is obviously slower than the Canny and Zernike moment algorithms.
Psychosocial Implications, Students Integration/Attrition, and Online Teaching and Learning in South Africa’s Higher Education Institutions in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Otu Monica Njanjokuma , Ehiane Stanley Osezua , Maapola-Thobejane Hlabathi , Olumoye Mosud Yinusa
Published: April 2023

This article explores the psychosocial impact of online teaching and learning on students, following the decision by South African universities to move teaching and learning from physical contact platforms to cyberspace interactions. South Africa’s intervention, like many other countries, adopted the necessary measures that would prevent the spread of the virus among its population, particularly educational institutions. One such measure was the decision to shut down institutions in South Africa and the contingent measure to operationalise teaching and learning using cyberspace. The unprecedented move to online teaching engendered levels of anxiety and fear, and presented a highly disruptive and traumatic experience for many students, especially those from impoverished and rural backgrounds. While focusing on student psychosocial vulnerabilities during this pandemic, the article also presents background factors such as social and economic factors that constrain student success in South Africa’s higher education institutions (HEIs), and which became exacerbated during the pandemic. It further explores the behavioural significance of online teaching and learning’s impact on the physical and psychological energy that students devote to their academic work. The study is underpinned by psychosocial and student-integration theories, and it weaves the argument articulated by leaning heavily on the secondary data. Lastly, by way of recommendation, the study highlights the unique challenges that the COVID-19 disaster posed for South African students in HEIs and emphasises the need to give symbolic attention to these unique challenges. The study, therefore, is proposing improvement in preparedness and the mitigation of societal disruption in South African society and higher education during future pandemics.
The Development of Green Finance and the Rising Status of China’s Manufacturing Value Chain
Authors: Lin Chun , Zhang Xin , Gao Zhaoyang , Sun Yingjie
Published: April 2023

Green finance has gradually become an imperative engine for the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry in the new era. Using 30 provincial panel data sets of China from 2011 to 2020, this paper explores whether green finance will effectively impact the rise of China’s manufacturing value chain using green finance as the breakthrough point. The results show that: (1) The implementation of green finance policy has a promoting effect on the rise of the manufacturing value chain. (2) It has significant regional heterogeneity characteristics in the process of green finance that influence the manufacturing value chain. In the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, the role of green finance in regions with developed economic bases is superior to those in comparatively backward areas. (3) Innovation and technological development are significant factors in the development of the manufacturing industry, and the intensity of innovative development inputs as well as the labour factor of highly skilled workers have a moderating role in the process of green finance for climbing up the value chain status of manufacturing. Based on the empirical evidence, policy implications are suggested.
Parameter Study of Geomagnetic Storms and Associated Phenomena: CME Speed De-Projection vs. In Situ Data
Authors: Miteva Rositsa , Nedal Mohamed , Samwel Susan W. , Temmer Manuela
Published: April 2023

In this study, we give correlations between the geomagnetic storm (GS) intensity and parameters of solar and interplanetary (IP) phenomena. We also perform 3D geometry reconstructions of geo-effective coronal mass ejections (CMEs) using the recently developed PyThea framework and compare on-sky and de-projected parameter values, focusing on the reliability of the de-projection capabilities. We utilize spheroid, ellipsoid and graduated cylindrical shell models. In addition, we collected a number of parameters of the GS-associated phenomena. A large variation in 3D de-projections is obtained for the CME speeds depending on the selected model for CME reconstruction and observer subjectivity. A combination of fast speed and frontal orientation of the magnetic structure upon its arrival at the terrestrial magnetosphere proves to be the best indicator for the GS strength. More reliable estimations of geometry and directivity, in addition to de-projected speeds, are important for GS forecasting in operational space weather schemes.
Comparative Evaluation between Visual and Automated Dipstick Urinalyses in Dogs
Authors: Smyroglou Erasmia D. , Athanasiou Labrini V. , Baka Rania D. , Polizopoulou Zoe S.
Published: April 2023

Urine test strips are commercially available and can be assessed with semi-automated analyzers or by visual assessment. This study aimed to compare the visual and automated evaluations of dipstick variables in canine urine samples. One hundred and nineteen urine samples were evaluated. Automated analysis was performed on a veterinary urine analyzer URIT-50Vet (URIT Medical Electronic) with UC VET13 Plus strips. Multistix 10 SG dipsticks (Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) were used for visual evaluation, along with a refractometer (Clinical Refractometer Atago T2-Ne, Atago Co., Tokyo, Japan) for urine specific gravity measurements. A linear relationship was observed between the pH measurements (p = 0.2) of the two methods; the Passing–Bablok procedure was valid since neither proportional nor systematic significant errors were observed. Comparing the two methods, the correlation for urine specific gravity was poor (p = 0.01, CI 0.667–1.000). Moderate agreement was demonstrated for proteins (κ = 0.431), bilirubin (κ = 0.434) and glucose (κ = 0.450). Agreement was substantial for blood (κ = 0.620) and poor for leukocytes (κ = 0.100). Poor agreement was observed for ketones (κ = −0.006). Apart from the pH analysis, visual and automated dipstick urinalyses should not be used interchangeably. Multiple urine samples obtained from the same dog during the day should be evaluated using the same method to overcome erroneous results.
Pensamiento y palabra de Vygotsky. Una lectura comentada para pensar en el estudio y el análisis de la subjetividad (Ensayo científico)
Authors: Yoseff Bernal Juan José
Published: April 2023

Este escrito tiene como objetivo reflexionar en torno a la teoría sociocultural en psicología que debe dar luz no para seguir los pasos de Vygotsky, sino para aprender de él, que no es lo mismo. Se basa en tres enunciados para sustentar la reflexión. Primero, no somos invariables, en el mejor de los casos permanecemos cambiando y dado el cambio, no podemos contar con principios universales y eternos. El cambio, el devenir es condición de la existencia y en tanto tal, hay fechamiento de lo que pensamos, somos, aspiramos. Segundo, partiendo del pensamiento de Mijaíl Bajtín (2000), no hay descanso (reposo), inercia, confort, ni tranquilidad. Hay inestabilidad, incertidumbre. Y eso porque somos seres contingentes, situados, que estamos siendo, estamos por ser pero que nunca seremos, nuestra condición es llegar a ser, pero sin ser. Por eso la existencia se erige como el presente. Tercero, retomado de Nietzsche, hasta lo que pensamos que es lo más racional, que es el conocimiento, ha surgido de choques de puntos de vista, de poderes entrecruzados. Y que el conocimiento es también una pasión. Sirvan estos tres enunciados para asumir que Vygotsky nunca mostró una teoría acabada, y no porque lo que se ha dicho de que murió joven, sino porque estuvo en constante búsqueda confrontando su pensamiento con la psicología establecida de su tiempo.
Deleuze y la dramatización del concepto
Authors: Diaz Santiago
Published: April 2023

La filosofía deleuziana ha pasado por reiteradas críticas desde la ortodoxia de la academia, debido a su fuerte impronta de innovación en muchos de los aspectos estrictamente disciplinares que la filosofía tradicionalmente ha tomado como propios. En el presente trabajo, siguiendo fundamentalmente la propuesta de su última obra ¿Qué es la filosofía? (1991), se intenta un retrato de la concepción deleuziana de la filosofía, entendida como creación de conceptos, a partir de una serie de movimientos (dramatizar, fabular e intervenir) que subyacen a la elaboración conceptual de la filosofía. Estos movimientos se entienden como operaciones coextensivas con la tríada deleuziana de trazar el plano de inmanencia, inventar personajes conceptuales y crear conceptos. En definitiva, se propone una posible lectura de la filosofía deleuziana como una actividad lúdica que pervierte los ámbitos y procedimientos habituales de la filosofía occidental.
Infarto em território da artéria de Percheron: uma causa incomum de sonolência excessiva diurna
Authors: Lopes Braga Vinícius , Fraiman Pedro Henrique Almeida , Morgadinho Santos Coelho Fernando
Published: April 2023

Uma paciente de 23 anos é admitida com queixa de sonolência excessiva diurna (SED) e um episódio de alucinação visual há 3 dias. Após isso, sonolência intensa e ataques de sono. O exame neurológico era normal, exceto pela presença de sonolência. A ressonância magnética mostrou lesão talâmica paramediana bilateral. O conjunto dos achados confirmou o diagnóstico de infarto no território da Artéria de Percheron. SED é uma queixa neurológica comum e abrange um enorme espectro de diagnósticos diferenciais. Nos relatamos um caso raro de SED devido a um acidente vascular isquêmico em tálamo bilateral.
Workplace harassment in psychosocial risks and teleworking in times of health crisis
Authors: Naranjo-Zambrano Mónica , Llanos-Encalada Mónica , Morales-Naranjo Israel , Ron-Amores Eduardo , Vergara-Romero Arnaldo
Published: April 2023

This study seeks to reflect on the relationship between teleworking, workplace harassment, and psychosocial risks in the context of labor resolutions adopted in Ecuador in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose is to identify the relationship between mobbing in the telework modality and its effect on psychosocial risks. The following questions arise: how does mobbing manifest itself in telework? How not to confuse the results of teleworking with mobbing? Can mobbing be considered a psychosocial risk factor? For this, a systematic review of the literature and previous studies of the proposed variables and the analysis of the information from the Ministerio de Trabajo in Ecuador on a survey was conducted to evaluate the consequences of teleworking on workers. Despite the limitation of knowledge and relevant data, it has been established that workplace harassment or mobbing is also present in teleworking, with negative consequences; when the characteristics and conditions of work are not clearly defined, it is accessible to transition to mobbing, and, therefore, the increase in psychosocial risks in workers.