bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iridium Nanoparticles on SPIONs as a Catalyst for N‐Heteroarene and Styrene Hydrogenation Reactions and their DFT Studies
Authors: Ajeebi Afnan M. , Alghamdi Huda S. , Aziz Md. Abdul , Yamani Zain H. , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman
Published: August 2023

In this study, iridium nanoparticles (IrNPs) on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used to catalyze N‐heteroarene and styrene hydrogenation processes. The IrNP@SPIONs catalyst was fabricated by reducing the Ir‐salt precursors in deionized water on SPIONs (Fe3O4), and its catalytic reactivity for the hydrogenation of N‐heteroarenes and styrene under mild reaction conditions as hydrogen under pressure was evaluated. The catalyst was characterized by FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM, XPS, ICP‐OES, and TEM. The results showed that IrNPs@SPIONs exhibited >99 % conversion with 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline (py‐THQ) selectivity under 30 bar H2 at 100 °C temperature in 24 h using DCM as a solvent. The functional group tolerance of 6‐chloroquinoline demonstrated 99 % chemoselectivity towards the 6‐chloro‐tetrahydroquinoline (6‐Cl‐py‐THQ) formation. The reactivity trend in 2‐, 4‐, and 8‐methylquinoline was evaluated and corroborated with the DFT studies. The catalytic application was extended to the hydrogenation of styrene, which resulted in a 70 % conversion with >99 % ethylbenzene selectivity. The hydrogenation of 2‐bromostyrene produced a 75 % conversion with >99 % chemoselectivity of 2‐bromoethylbenzene.
A Simple Method for the Formation of α‐Thioalkyl Radicals and the Promotion of Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation by Photoirradiation of Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complexes
Authors: Roy Pijush Kanti , Hitomi Yutaka
Published: August 2023

This study documents the formation of an electron donor‐acceptor complex between thioanisole and benzylidenemalononitrile. Upon irradiation, the electron donor‐acceptor complex generates α‐thioalkyl radicals, facilitating carbon‐carbon bond formation. Mechanistic investigations underscore the crucial roles of both one‐electron oxidation and deprotonation processes in achieving a reaction yield up to 43 %.
Role of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Delirium following Non‐cardiac Surgery in Older Adults
Authors: Devinney Michael J. , Wong Megan K. , Wright Mary Cooter , Marcantonio Edward R. , Terrando Niccolò , Browndyke Jeffrey N. , Whitson Heather E. , Cohen Harvey J. , Nackley Andrea G. , Klein Marguerita E. , Ely E. Wesley , Mathew Joseph P. , Berger Miles ,   for the MADCO‐PC and INTUIT Study Teams
Published: August 2023

Objective

Although animal models suggest a role for blood–brain barrier dysfunction in postoperative delirium‐like behavior, its role in postoperative delirium and postoperative recovery in humans is unclear. Thus, we evaluated the role of blood–brain barrier dysfunction in postoperative delirium and hospital length of stay among older surgery patients.

Methods

Cognitive testing, delirium assessment, and cerebrospinal fluid and blood sampling were prospectively performed before and after non‐cardiac, non‐neurologic surgery. Blood–brain barrier dysfunction was assessed using the cerebrospinal fluid‐to‐plasma albumin ratio (CPAR).

Results

Of 207 patients (median age = 68 years, 45% female) with complete CPAR and delirium data, 26 (12.6%) developed postoperative delirium. Overall, CPAR increased from before to 24 hours after surgery (median change = 0.28, interquartile range [IQR] = −0.48 to 1.24, Wilcoxon p = 0.001). Preoperative to 24 hours postoperative change in CPAR was greater among patients who developed delirium versus those who did not (median [IQR] = 1.31 [0.004 to 2.34] vs 0.19 [−0.55 to 1.08], p = 0.003). In a multivariable model adjusting for age, baseline cognition, and surgery type, preoperative to 24 hours postoperative change in CPAR was independently associated with delirium occurrence (per CPAR increase of 1, odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.63, p = 0.026) and increased hospital length of stay (incidence rate ratio = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09–1.22, p < 0.001).

Interpretation

Postoperative increases in blood–brain barrier permeability are independently associated with increased delirium rates and postoperative hospital length of stay. Although these findings do not establish causality, studies are warranted to determine whether interventions to reduce postoperative blood–brain barrier dysfunction would reduce postoperative delirium rates and hospital length of stay. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1024–1035
A DNA Logic Circuit Equipped with a Biological Amplifier Loaded into Biomimetic ZIF‐8 Nanoparticles Enables Accurate Identification of Specific Cancers In Vivo
Authors: Wei Kaiji , He Mengyun , Zhang Juan , Zhao Chuan , Nie Cunpeng , Zhang Tong , Liu Yi , Chen Tingting , Jiang Jianhui , Chu Xia
Published: August 2023

DNA logic circuits (DLC) enable the accurate identification of specific cell types, such as cancer cells, but they face the challenges of weak output signals and a lack of competent platforms that can efficiently deliver DLC components to the target site in the living body. To address these issues, we rationally introduced a cascaded biological amplifier module based on the Primer Exchange Reaction inspired by electronic circuit amplifier devices. As a paradigm, three abnormally expressed Hela cell microRNAs (‐30a, ‐17, and ‐21) were chosen as “AND” gate inputs. DLC response to these inputs was boosted by the amplifier markedly enhancing the output signal. More importantly, the encapsulation of DLC and amplifier components into ZIF‐8 nanoparticles resulted in their efficient delivery to the target site, successfully distinguishing the Hela tumor subtype from other tumors in vivo. Thus, we envision that this strategy has great potential for clinical cancer diagnosis.
Photoinduced Five‐Component Radical Relay Aminocarbonylation of Alkenes
Authors: Lu Bin , Zhang Zhihan , Jiang Min , Liang Dong , He Zi‐Wei , Bao Feng‐Shuo , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Chen Jia‐Rong
Published: August 2023

Radical single carbonylation reactions with CO constitute a direct and robust strategy toward various carbonyl compounds from readily available chemicals, and have been extensively studied over the past decades. However, realizing highly selective catalytic systems for controlled radical double carbonylation reactions has remained a substantial challenge, particularly for the more advanced multicomponent variants, despite their great potential value. Herein, we report a visible‐light‐driven radical relay five‐component radical double aminocarbonylation reaction of unactivated alkenes using CO under metal‐free conditions. This protocol provides direct access to valuable γ‐trifluoromethyl α‐ketoamides with good yields and high chemoselectivity. Crucial was the identification of distinct dual roles of amine coupling partners, sequentially acting as electron donors for the formation of photoactive electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexes with radical precursors and then as a CO acceptor via nitrogen radical cations to form carbamoyl radicals. Cross‐coupling of carbamoyl radicals with the acyl radicals that are formed in an alkene‐based relay process affords double aminocarbonylation products.
Deciphering the Primary Role of Au⋅⋅⋅H−X Hydrogen Bonding in Gold Catalysis
Authors: Sorroche Alba , Moreno Sonia , Elena Olmos M. , Monge Miguel , López‐de‐Luzuriaga José M.
Published: August 2023

Au⋅⋅⋅H−X (X=N or C) hydrogen bonding is gaining increasing interest, both in the study of its intrinsic nature and in their operability in different fields. While the role of these interactions has been studied in the stabilization of gold(I) complexes, their role during the minimum free energy reaction pathway of a given catalytic process remains unexplored. We report herein that complex [Au(C≡CPh)(pip)] (pip=piperidine) catalyses the A3‐coupling reaction for the synthesis of propargylamines, thanks to the ability of Au(I) to promote weak hydrogen bonding interactions with the reactants along the free energy profile. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations show that these Au⋅⋅⋅H−X interactions play a directing role in the catalysed A3‐coupling. Topological non‐covalent interactions (NCI), interaction region indicator (IRI) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis in real space of the electron density provide a description of these interactions accurately.
Hollow STW‐Type Zeolite Single Crystals with Aluminum Gradient for Highly Selective Production of p‐Xylene from Methanol‐Toluene Alkylation
Authors: Jiao Feng , Yu Pengyao , Cui Yuchen , Li Hao , Hu Qing , Xu Yanan , Mintova Svetlana , Guo Hailing , Du Hongbin
Published: August 2023

Zeolites with uniform micropores are important shape‐selective catalysts. However, the external acid sites of zeolites have a negative impact on shape‐selective catalysis, and the microporosity may lead to serious diffusion limitation. Herein, we report on the direct synthesis of hierarchical hollow STW‐type zeolite single crystals with a siliceous exterior. In an alkalinous fluoride medium, the nucleation of highly siliceous STW zeolites takes place first, and the nanocrystals are preferentially aligned on the outer surface of the gel agglomerates to grow into single crystalline shells upon crystallization. The lagged crystallization of the internal Al‐rich amorphous gels onto the inner surface of nanocrystalline zeolite shells leads to the formation of hollow cavities in the core of the zeolite crystals. The hollow zeolite single crystals possess a low‐to‐high aluminum gradient from the surface to the core, resulting in an intrinsic inert external surface, and exhibit superior catalytic performance in toluene methylation reactions.
MXene‐basierte Membranen für die Trinkwasserproduktion
Authors: Huang Lingzhi , Ding Li , Caro Jürgen , Wang Haihui
Published: August 2023

Die rasante industrielle Entwicklung verschärft den Mangel an Süßwasser und macht die effiziente Trinkwassergewinnung zu einem vordringlichen Problem. Membrantechniken zeichnen sich durch hohe Effizienz, geringen Energieverbrauch und einfache Bedienung aus, und gelten daher als eine vielversprechende Technologie zur Wasserreinigung. In jüngster Zeit haben MXene als zweidimensionale Übergangsmetallcarbide oder ‐nitride in Form von exfolierten Nanoblättchen aufgrund ihrer außergewöhnlichen Eigenschaften wie einstellbarer Hydrophilie, einfacher Verarbeitbarkeit, Antifouling‐Beständigkeit und mechanischer Festigkeit großes Interesse in der Wasserreinigung gefunden einschl. ihrer Fähigkeit, Lichtenergie durch Absorption in Wärme zu wandeln. In vielversprechenden Studien wurden MXen‐basierte Membranen in den letzten 10 Jahren für die Trinkwasserproduktion durch Abtrennung von Bakterien, Farbstoffen, Salzen und Schwermetallen evaluiert. Dieser Mini‐Review konzentriert sich auf die jüngsten Fortschritte bei Entwicklung MXen‐basierter Membranen für die Trinkwasserproduktion. Zunächst erfolgt eine kurze Einführung in die Stoffklasse der MXene, gefolgt von einer Beschreibung ihrer einzigartigen Eigenschaften. Anschließend werden die Herstellungsmethoden von MXen‐Membranen diskutiert. Die verschiedenen Anwendungen von MXen‐Membranen in der Wasseraufbereitung und die entsprechenden Trennmechanismen werden ausführlich besprochen. Abschließend werden die Herausforderungen und Perspektiven zukünftiger Forschungsarbeiten zu MXene‐basierten Membranen vorgestellt, um Impulse für das zukünftige Design und die Herstellung von Hochleistungs‐MXen‐Membranen zu geben.
Dual‐Interface Engineering in Perovskite Solar Cells with 2D Carbides
Authors: He Jiandong , Hu Guilin , Jiang Yuanyuan , Zeng Siyuan , Niu Guosheng , Feng Guitao , Liu Zhe , Yang Kaiyi , Shao Cong , Zhao Yao , Wang Fuyi , Li Yongjun , Wang Jizheng
Published: August 2023

Passivating the interfaces between the perovskite and charge transport layers is crucial for enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here we report a dual‐interface engineering approach to improving the performance of FA0.85MA0.15Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3‐based PSCs by incorporating Ti3C2Clx Nano‐MXene and o‐TB‐GDY nanographdiyne (NanoGDY) into the electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite and perovskite/ hole transport layer (HTL) interfaces, respectively. The dual‐interface passivation simultaneously suppresses non‐radiative recombination and promotes carrier extraction by forming the Pb−Cl chemical bond and strong coordination of π‐electron conjugation with undercoordinated Pb defects. The resulting perovskite film has an ultralong carrier lifetime exceeding 10 μs and an enlarged crystal size exceeding 2.5 μm. A maximum PCE of 24.86 % is realized, with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.20 V. Unencapsulated cells retain 92 % of their initial efficiency after 1464 hours in ambient air and 80 % after 1002 hours of thermal stability test at 85 °C.
Synchronous Switching of Dielectric Constant and Photoluminescence in Cyanidonitridorhenate‐Based Crystals
Authors: Liberka Michal , Zychowicz Mikolaj , Hooper James , Nakabayashi Koji , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Chorazy Szymon
Published: August 2023

Switching of multiple physical properties by external stimuli in dynamic materials enables applications in, e.g., smart sensors, biomedical tools, as well as data‐storage devices. Among stimuli‐responsive materials, inorganic‐organic molecular hybrids exhibiting thermal order‐disorder phase transitions were tested as promising molecular switches of electrical characteristics, including dielectric constant. We aimed at broadening the multifunctional potential of such hybrid materials towards the switching of not only electrical but also other physical properties, e.g., light emission. We report two ionic salts based on luminescent tetracyanidonitridorhenate(V) anions bearing two different diamine ligands, 1,2‐diaminoethane (1) and 1,3‐diaminopropane (2), both crystallizing with polar N‐methyl‐dabconium cations. They exhibit an order‐disorder phase transition related to the heating‐induced turning‐on of the rotation of polar cations. This leads to a unique synchronous switching of the dielectric constant as well as metal‐complex‐centered photoluminescence, as demonstrated by changes in, e.g., emission lifetime. The roles of organic cations, non‐trivial Re(V) complexes, and their interaction in achieving the coupled thermal switching of electrical and optical properties are discussed utilizing experimental and theoretical approaches.
Overcoming Cancer Resistance to Platinum Drugs by Inhibiting Cholesterol Metabolism
Authors: Wang Ying , Cai Linxiang , Li Hui , Chen Hanhua , Yang Tao , Tan Yehong , Guo Zijian , Wang Xiaoyong
Published: August 2023

Drug resistance is a serious challenge for platinum anticancer drugs. Platinum complexes may get over the drug resistance via a distinct mechanism of action. Cholesterol is a key factor contributing to the drug resistance. Inhibiting cellular cholesterol synthesis and uptake provides an alternative strategy for cancer treatment. Platinum(IV) complexes FP and DFP with fenofibric acid as axial ligand(s) were designed to combat the drug resistance through regulating cholesterol metabolism besides damaging DNA. In addition to producing reactive oxygen species and active platinum(II) species to damage DNA, FP and DFP inhibited cellular cholesterol accumulation, promoted cholesterol efflux, upregulated peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα), induced caspase‐1 activation and gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage, thus leading to both apoptosis and pyroptosis in cancer cells. The reduction of cholesterol significantly relieved the drug resistance of cancer cells. The double‐acting mechanism gave the complexes strong anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo, particularly against cisplatin‐resistant cancer cells.
Design and Synthesis of Artificial Nucleobases for Sequence‐Selective DNA Recognition within the Major Groove
Authors: Alavijeh Nahid S. , Serrano Alvaro , Peters Max S. , Wölper Christoph , Schrader Thomas
Published: August 2023

We present the design and synthesis of artificial specific nucleobases, each one recognizing a single base pair within the major groove of duplex DNA. Computational calculations indicate that PNAs modified with these nucleobases enable the formation of highly stable triple helices with no sequence restrictions through multiple hydrogen bonding and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions, without significantly widening the DNA double helix. New synthetic routes were developed to the structures of these fused heterocycles which have rarely been described in the literature. NMR titration experiments indicate specific hydrogen bonding at the Hoogsteen sites. The new building blocks allow the construction of four PNA monomers for each canonic base pair and their covalent connection to PNA oligomers. These can be designed complementary to any given DNA sequence. With high efficiency and relative simplicity of operation, the described methodologies and strategies hence form the basis for a new supramolecular ligand system targeting double‐stranded DNA without strand invasion.
An energy‐efficient model for PPE waste management in a closed‐loop supply chain
Authors: Yadav Shikha , Kumar Mangla Sachin , Priyamvada Priyamvada , Borkar Aman , Khanna Aditi
Published: August 2023

The COVID‐19 crisis has significantly increased non‐decomposable personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, masks, and shields. The improper disposal of these items poses a serious environmental threat. The present study explores the potential of recycling PPE to not only enhance the profitability of the supply chain but also address the environmental challenges associated with disposal. Specifically, it focuses on implementing a closed‐loop approach involving the manufacturer, the customer, and the collector. An extensive literature review on inventory models was conducted, resulting in a comprehensive data set. The numerical analysis, conducted using the Generalized Reduced Gradient Solver, validates the findings. The proposed model suggests that investing in a closed‐loop supply chain, employing an energy‐efficient approach, can effectively reduce carbon emissions at every stage of the system. This can be achieved by leveraging intelligent machinery and skilled labor to meet the growing demand for PPE while minimizing energy consumption. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of implementing the reduce, reuse, and recycle (3Rs) phenomenon to manage waste effectively. This study provides valuable insights for businesses aiming to optimize waste management practices and contribute to economic‐environmental‐social sustainability.
What should I say? Online dating and disclosure experiences of adults with mental illness in long‐term romantic relationships
Authors: Stein Catherine H. , Griffith Frances J. , Rudd Melissa F. , Kalantzis Maria A.
Published: August 2023

The present study examined accounts of online and in‐person dating experiences from adults with mental illness who are in long‐term romantic relationships (N = 23). In focus group discussions, participants described their views of advantages and disadvantages of online dating and in‐person dating, how they constructed online dating profiles, decisions about disclosure of their mental health conditions to current romantic partners, and advice about dating for other people coping with mental illness. Overall, participants reported feeling less comfortable with online dating than in‐person dating. A majority of the sample reported that they intentionally excluded information about their mental health status from their online dating profiles. Present findings identified themes from participant accounts about disclosure of their mental illness to their romantic partners that included spontaneous or intentional disclosure, situational or circumstantial disclosure, delayed disclosure due to lack of information, and avoided disclosure. Adults' advice to others with mental illness centred on how to maintain romantic relationships. The importance of research focused on the lived experience of adults with mental illness in long‐term romantic relationships and practical implications of present findings are discussed.
Music conditioned 2D hand gesture dance generation with HGS
Authors: Zhou Dian , Liu Shiguang , Xu Qing
Published: August 2023

In recent years, the short video industry is booming. However, there are still many difficulties in the action generation of virtual characters. We observed that on the short video social platform, “hand gesture dance” is a very popular short video form. However, its development is limited by the professionalism of choreography. In order to solve these problems, we propose an intelligent choreography framework, which can generate new gesture sequences for unseen audio based on pairing data in the database. Our framework adopts multimodal method and obtains excellent results. In additional, we collected and produced the first and largest pair labeled hand gesture dance data set. Various experiments showed that our results not only generate smooth and rich action sequences, but also collect some semantic information contained in the audio.
Perfect apples or sustainable production?—Consumer perspectives from Germany
Authors: Hueppe Ronja , Zander Katrin
Published: August 2023

In recent years, environmental problems, such as resource depletion and biodiversity loss, have come to the forefront of society's attention. Consumption of fruits and vegetables from extensive production systems could decrease food loss and increase biodiversity and more sustainable resource use. However, fruits and vegetables from extensive production systems are not always of perfect external quality, and hence, rejected by consumers. To increase acceptance of imperfect fruits, this study aims to better understand consumers' perceptions of different levels of imperfections, using apples as an example. An online survey with 842 German consumers investigated associations, important apple‐buying criteria, organic apple consumption, socio‐demographics, and willingness to pay (WTP) for apples with different levels of imperfection. The latter is investigated via contingent valuation. A multiple linear regression was calculated for each level of imperfection. Results show that consumers' WTP for apples differed depending on the level of external imperfections. The majority of consumers accepted slightly imperfect apples; a noticeable share would even buy them at the same price as flawless apples. Apples with heavy imperfections were mainly accepted by consumers who had sustainable buying criteria. To increase acceptance, it is important to tell consumers that their food choice can make an impact on how apples are produced, that imperfect apples come from more sustainable production systems and are of perfect internal quality. And finally, it is important to give specific advice that buying these apples can help to increase sustainable resource use and biodiversity.
Nutraceutical Activity of Anthocyanins from the Edible Berries of Rhamnus pompana
Authors: Pacheco‐Hernández Yesenia , Lozoya‐Gloria Edmundo , Rangel‐Galván Maricruz , Varela‐Caselis Jenaro Leocadio , Villa‐Ruano Nemesio
Published: August 2023

We present the inhibitory properties of the R. pompana anthocyanin fraction (RPAF) and its major constituents on alpha‐glucosidase (AG), pancreatic lipase (PL), HMG‐CoA reductase, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The effect of RPAF was also evaluated in ICR male mice subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hypercaloric/atherogenic diet for 30 days. RP‐HPLC/MS profiling revealed that RPAF contained five major anthocyanins and induced slight inhibition on PL and HMG‐CoA reductase (IC50, 245–338 μg mL−1) whereas strong activity on AG and ODC (IC50, 130–133 μg mL−1) was observed. Kinetic studies and molecular docking with pelargonidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside (P3R) on ODC, revealed changes in Km (0.9514–0.9746 mM) and Vmax (1.96–2.32 μmol mg−1 min−1) suggesting mixed inhibition and molecular interaction with two active sites of ODC. P3R showed antiproliferative activity (IC50, 46.5 μM) and decreased polyamine accumulation in DLD‐1 cells. The results of OGTT confirmed that RPAF regulates postprandial glucose levels in diabetic animals which experienced a significant glucose depletion (30 %; p<0.001) from 30 to 120 min post‐treatment. Prolonged supplementation of RPAF caused significant decrease (p<0.001) in plasma glucose, total cholesterol, LDL‐c and triglycerides as well as significant increase (p<0.001) of HDL‐c compared with normoglycemic untreated animals.
Selecting Technologies for Sour and Ultra‐Sour Gas Treating
Authors: Spatolisano Elvira , Pellegrini Laura A. , Finocchi Antonio , de Angelis Alberto Renato
Published: August 2023

As the cleanest fossil fuel, natural gas plays a key role in the path towards renewables. Considering the increasing gas demand, rich CO2 and H2S gas reserves, in the past considered economically unviable, are becoming fruitful. However, the non‐conventional nature of this kind of gases, in addition to the potentially higher production cost, raises the need of new strategies for their monetization, bypassing the conventional approaches. Starting from the huge number of novel large‐scale projects for the exploitation of rich‐H2S gas fields, this paper overviews the current tendencies in sour and ultra‐sour natural gas production, focusing on the removal of sulfur‐based compounds, together with H2S and CO2. At first, available technologies for ultra‐sour gas treatment are discussed. Then, simulations of the absorption processes based on a real case‐study are carried out, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed alternatives for the removal of mercaptans, as well as CO2 and H2S. Results are critically analyzed, in view of providing a practical guide of industrial interest for the selection of the most suitable method.
PDGF‐C promotes cell proliferation partially via downregulating BOP1
Authors: Li Jiahui , Hu Wenjie , Zhang Ruting , Chen Wei , Li Xuri , Tang Zhongshu
Published: August 2023

Platelet‐derived growth factor C (PDGF‐C) is a member of PDGF/VEGF family, which is well‐known for important functions in the vascular system. It is widely reported that PDGF‐C is able to modulate cell proliferation. However, it is still not very clear about this cell modulating mechanism at the molecular level. In a screening of factors regulated by PDGF‐C protein, we fished out a factor called block of proliferation 1 (BOP1), which is a pivotal regulator of ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the regulation of BOP1 by PDGF‐C and its role in modulating cell proliferation. We found that BOP1 was downregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in cells treated with PDGF‐C‐containing conditioned medium. On the other hand, BOP1 was upregulated in PDGF‐C deficient mice. Furthermore, we confirmed that overexpression of BOP1 inhibited HEK293A cell proliferation, whereas knockdown of BOP1 promoted cell proliferation. The mitogenic effect of PDGF‐C could be attenuated by downregulation of BOP1. Our results demonstrate a clear PDGF‐C–BOP1 signaling that modulates cell proliferation.
Fibromyalgia: Could hyperbaric oxygen therapy make the difference? Our experience
Authors: Cracchiolo Andrea Neville , Palma Daniela Maria , Genco Fabio , Palmeri Marco , Teresi Alessandra , Zummo Leila , Gigliuto Carmelo , Saporito Erik Flavio Giuseppe , Ferruzza Angela , Piccoli Tommaso
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Fibromyalgia is a rare disease, difficult to diagnose and to treat. We think that hyperbaric oxygen therapy could improve its signs and symptoms although more evidences have to be accumulated.
Misdiagnosis of persistent left superior vena cava with unroofed coronary sinus as a coronary sinus‐type atrial septal defect
Authors: Al‐Dairy Alwaleed , Ahmad Reem , Hasan Rawan
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Awareness of persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with unroofed coronary sinus is crucial. Pre‐ and perioperative evaluation of this association is necessary for surgical plan. Creating an intra‐atrial tunnel to divert LSVC to right atrium without obstructing the mitral valve or the pulmonary veins is the safe surgical approach.

Unroofed coronary sinus syndrome is a rare congenital heart defect representing less than 1% of all atrial septal defect (ASD) types, and may be associated with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) which may be missed during preoperative diagnosis. Herein, we present a case of a 2‐year‐old patient who underwent an operation for repair of a coronary sinus‐type ASD; however, PLSVC was detected intraoperatively. An antra‐atrial tunnel has created to divert the flow of PLSVC into the right atrium along with the repair of the ASD.
Black hairy tongue after alprazolam intake
Authors: Jiang Long , Li Kun , Tan Lu , Tang Xiangdong
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

A 31‐year‐old female with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder developed black hairy tongue after alprazolam therapy. Her symptom resolved 10 days after the cessation of alprazolam.

Alprazolam is a widely used antidepressant and antianxiety drug. Mild to moderate side effect of alprazolam was commonly seen, including lethargy, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, nausea, fatigue, constipation, and blurred vision. In this case, we reported a patient developed black hairy tongue after alprazolam intake, and her symptom resolved after 10‐day discontinuation of alprazolam. This rare adverse event should be of concern to clinicians. This is the first paper to report an alprazolam‐induced BHT. This rare side effect of alprazolam should be concern of clinicians; we hope our report will promote the understand of BHT and acknowledge clinicians of this rare side effect of alprazolam.
Optimum Yield of Empty Fruit Bunches Cellulose Nanofibers by Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasonication
Authors: Jafri Nur Huda Syazwani Binti , Jimat Dzun Noraini , Wan Nawawi Wan Mohd Fazli , Ahmad Nor Yusilawati , Amid Azura
Published: August 2023

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are extensively utilized as affordable, renewable materials. The conventional technique for making CNFs is time‐consuming, requires hazardous toxic chemicals, and consumes enormous amounts of energy. CNFs from empty fruit bunches (EFB) were produced via deep eutectic solvent (DES) and ultrasonication. The DES treatment conditions were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) approach of response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the reaction time, DES molar ratio, and temperature were all significant variables. The experimental results closely correspond to the theoretical model of CNFs yield. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies demonstrated that the crystallinity index of the CNFs increased significantly after sonication. It could be stated that DES treatment and ultrasonication were effective ways to successfully generate CNFs from EFB. This study may serve as foundation for high‐yield, industrial‐scale synthesis of nanocellulose using DES treatment.
Total Synthesis of Syringin and Its Natural Analogues via C—C Bond Activation of Aryl Ketones†
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Yu , Sun Yi , Sun Guo‐Dong , Xu Hui , Dai Hui‐Xiong
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Syringin is found in the root of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. Maxim.) Harms and belongs to the lignin chemical compound with many biological activities. In this study, we employed commercially available starting materials and accomplished the total synthesis of syringin in 5 steps with an overall yield of 58%. Palladium‐catalyzed C(O)–C bond activation and subsequent cross coupling reaction is the key to construct syringin and its natural analogues.
Review of carbon dioxide mineralization of magnesium‐containing materials
Authors: Li Jia , Luo Mingzhi , Wang Kun , Li Gaomiao , Zhang Guoquan
Published: August 2023

The increasing utilization of fossil fuels and industrial activities has resulted in a surge of CO2 emissions, which have significantly impacted global climate change. Carbon capture and utilization technologies offer a promising solution to decrease atmospheric CO2 concentrations and convert CO2 into valuable products. This study focuses on the capture and storage of CO2 through the mineralization of magnesium‐containing materials. The analysis encompasses the mineralization process of solid and liquid minerals, the various mineralization processes of magnesium‐containing minerals categorized as direct and indirect mineralization, and the latest research advancements in magnesium‐containing minerals. Brine and seawater from salt lakes are considered the most appropriate materials for mineralization due to their abundance and the simplicity of the process compared to solid mineralization. This paper analyzes the impact of temperature, impurity ions, additives, and microorganisms on the process of magnesium carbonate synthesis crystallization. The use of magnesium‐containing materials for carbon dioxide sequestration can effectively reduce carbon emission. The review offers guidance on carbon dioxide mineralization and explores the potential applications of magnesium mineralization.
Southern New Hampshire's Paul LeBlanc on managing successful change and ChatGPT
Authors: D’Orio Wayne
Published: August 2023

When you think of the challenges facing college leaders today, from how to navigate the upcoming enrollment cliff to creating classes that may have to toggle between face‐to‐face and online to managing seismic upheaval in campus norms, it seems like there might be one leader who has found success in all of these areas.
Nonverbal face‐to‐face interactions in macaques and humans: A translational pilot study
Authors: Dettmer Amanda M. , Bartz Cody , Rutherford Helena J. V.
Published: August 2023

Human and nonhuman primate mother–infant dyads engage in face‐to‐face interactions critical for optimal infant development. In semi‐free‐ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), maternal primiparity and infant sex influence the expression of nonverbal face‐to‐face mother–infant interactions. However, whether similar patterns of variation exist in laboratory‐housed macaques or human mothers is not well understood. Comparing both species would yield information regarding the translational validity of macaques to humans in this important social/developmental domain. In this pilot study, we first compared semi‐free‐ranging (n = 39) and laboratory‐housed (n = 20) macaques, finding that laboratory‐housed dyads, first‐time mothers, and mothers of sons engaged in higher rates of face‐to‐face interactions regardless of housing. After translating the nonhuman primate coding scheme for use in a small but diverse group of human mother–infant dyads (N = 27; 44.4% African American, 18.5% American Indian, 7.4% Asian/Asian American, and 29.6% White), we found that, like macaques, human mothers of sons engaged in more face‐to‐face interactions; however, experienced (vs. first‐time) mothers engaged in more interactions. Macaques and humans also engaged in species–specific interactions with their infants. We conclude that components of caregiver–infant nonverbal face‐to‐face interactions are translatable across human and nonhuman primate species and represent an exciting avenue for future caregiving work.
Needle‐type pressure sensor with silicone oil and parylene membrane inside for minimally invasive measurement
Authors: Kishimoto Takuto , Agetsuma Masakazu , Hoshino Ayuko , Takahashi Hidetoshi
Published: August 2023

This paper addresses a pressure sensor for body pressure measurement. Many pressure sensors have been developed for disease treatment in the medical field. However, these sensors require inserting electronic components and other sensor elements via surgical operations, so the measurement physically burdens patients. Hence, we proposed a needle‐type pressure sensor using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) cantilever. The sensor has a needle part with a thin membrane on the tip and is filled with incompressible fluid inside. The fractional resistance of the built‐in piezoresistive cantilever varies according to the pressure change applied to the needle tip. We can measure body fluid pressure with minimal surgery by inserting a simple needle into the target organ. Because the fabricated sensor responded to pseudo‐body pressure changes, it was suggested that the fabricated needle‐type pressure sensor could detect pressure inside the body.
Increased acylcarnitines in infant heart failure indicate fatty acid oxidation inhibition: towards therapeutic options?
Authors: Issa Jean , Lodewyckx Pierre , Blasco Hélène , Benz‐de‐Bretagne Isabelle , Labarthe François , Lefort Bruno
Published: August 2023

Aims

Heart failure in adults is characterized by reduction of long‐chain fatty acid oxidation in favour of carbohydrate metabolism. This adaptive phenomenon becomes maladaptive because energy conversion decreases and lipid toxic derivatives known to impair cardiac function are accumulating. No data are available concerning metabolic modification in heart failure in children.

Methods and results

In order to evaluate the fatty acid oxidation in children suffering from heart failure, acylcarnitine profiles on dried blood spots were obtained from children under 16 years old with dilated cardiomyopathy and clinical heart failure (DCM‐HF) and control children. Nine children were included in the DCM‐HF group and eight in the control group. Acylcarnitine profiles revealed a significant 3.1‐fold increase of total acylcarnitines (sum of C3 to C18 acylcarnitine species) in DCM‐HF children compared with controls. This result persisted considering the sum of long‐chain acylcarnitines (sum of C14 to C18 species), medium‐chain acylcarnitines (sum of C8 to C12 species), and short‐chain acylcarnitines (sum of C3 to C6 species), respectively, 2.0‐, 2.6‐, and 1.9‐fold increase compared with the control group. A significant linear correlation was found between left ventricular dilatation or ejection fraction and acylcarnitines accumulation. Finally, acylcarnitine ratio C16OH/C16 and C18OH/C18 enhanced in the DCM‐HF group, suggesting a diminution of the long‐chain hydroxyl acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase activity.

Conclusions

Our results suggest down‐regulation of fatty acid oxidation in children with heart failure. Such lipidomic alteration could worsen heart function and may suggest considering a metabolic treatment of heart failure in children.
Stretching induced syncope associated with myoclonic jerks in a teenage boy
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Liu Yonghong
Published: August 2023

Content available: Video
Practice makes perfect: Restrained eaters' heightened control for food images
Authors: Ostende Mechteld M. van den Hoek , Schwarz Ulrike , Gawrilow Caterina , Kaup Barbara , Svaldi Jennifer
Published: August 2023

Objective

Restrained eaters (RE) show behaviourally unregulated food intake, which is often explained by a deficit in inhibitory control. Despite evidence for general inhibitory deficits in RE, it remains unclear how the variety of (food) cues in our environment can influence cognitive control.

Method

In this re‐analysis, we explored the inhibitory capacity of RE and unrestrained eaters (URE) on a stop‐signal task with modal (pictures) and amodal (word) food and non‐food stimuli.

Results

Although we did not find the expected inhibitory deficits in RE compared to URE, we found a significant Group × Modality × Stimulus Type interaction. This indicated that RE have relatively good inhibitory control for food, compared to non‐food modal cues, and that this relationship is reversed for amodal cues.

Conclusions

Hence, we showed differential processing of information based on food‐specificity and presentation format in RE. The format of food cues is thus an important new avenue to understand how the food environment impedes those struggling with regulating their eating behaviour.
Toward Meeting the Obligation of Respect for Persons in Pragmatic Clinical Trials
Authors: Morain Stephanie R. , Kraft Stephanie A. , Wilfond Benjamin S. , Mcguire Amy , Dickert Neal W. , Garland Andrew , Sugarman Jeremy
Published: August 2023

Research ethics oversight systems have traditionally emphasized the informed consent process as the primary means by which to demonstrate respect for prospective subjects. Yet how researchers can best fulfill the ethical obligations of respect for persons in pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs)—particularly those that may alter or waive informed consent—remains unknown. We propose eight dimensions of demonstrating respect in PCTs: (1) engaging patients and communities in research design and execution, (2) promoting transparency and open communication, (3) maximizing agency, (4) minimizing burdens and promoting accessibility, (5) protecting privacy and confidentiality, (6) valuing interpersonal interactions with clinicians and study team members, (7) providing compensation, and (8) maximizing social value. While what respect requires in the context of PCTs will vary based on the nature of the PCT in question, the breadth of these dimensions demonstrates that respect obligations extend beyond informed consent processes.
Age at diagnosis for lung, colon, breast and prostate cancers: An international comparative study
Authors: Zahed Hana , Feng Xiaoshuang , Sheikh Mahdi , Bray Freddie , Ferlay Jacques , Ginsburg Ophira , Shiels Meredith S. , Robbins Hilary A.
Published: August 2023

Differences in the average age at cancer diagnosis are observed across countries. We therefore aimed to assess international variation in the median age at diagnosis of common cancers worldwide, after adjusting for differences in population age structure. We used IARC's Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) Volume XI database, comprising cancer diagnoses between 2008 and 2012 from population‐based cancer registries in 65 countries. We calculated crude median ages at diagnosis for lung, colon, breast and prostate cancers in each country, then adjusted for population age differences using indirect standardization. We showed that median ages at diagnosis changed by up to 10 years after standardization, typically increasing in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) and decreasing in high‐income countries (HICs), given relatively younger and older populations, respectively. After standardization, the range of ages at diagnosis was 12 years for lung cancer (median age 61‐Bulgaria vs 73‐Bahrain), 12 years for colon cancer (60‐the Islamic Republic of Iran vs 72‐Peru), 10 years for female breast cancer (49‐Algeria, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Republic of Korea vs 59‐USA and others) and 10 years for prostate cancer (65‐USA, Lithuania vs 75‐Philippines). Compared to HICs, populations in LMICs were diagnosed with colon cancer at younger ages but with prostate cancer at older ages (both pLMICS‐vs‐HICs < 0.001). In countries with higher smoking prevalence, lung cancers were diagnosed at younger ages in both women and men (both pcorr < 0.001). Female breast cancer tended to be diagnosed at younger ages in East Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Our findings suggest that the differences in median ages at cancer diagnosis worldwide likely reflect population‐level variation in risk factors and cancer control measures, including screening.
Adding fasting‐mimicking diet to first‐line carboplatin‐based chemotherapy is associated with better overall survival in advanced triple‐negative breast cancer patients: A subanalysis of the NCT03340935 trial
Authors: Ligorio Francesca , Lobefaro Riccardo , Fucà Giovanni , Provenzano Leonardo , Zanenga Lucrezia , Nasca Vincenzo , Sposetti Caterina , Salvadori Giulia , Ficchì Angela , Franza Andrea , Martinetti Antonia , Sottotetti Elisa , Formisano Barbara , Depretto Catherine , Scaperrotta Gianfranco , Belfiore Antonino , Vingiani Andrea , Ferraris Cristina , Pruneri Giancarlo , de Braud Filippo , Vernieri Claudio
Published: August 2023

Severe calorie restriction, in the form of cyclic fasting or fasting‐mimicking diets (FMDs), boosts the antitumor activity of cytotoxic chemotherapy in mouse models of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). This effect is mostly mediated by fasting/FMD‐induced reduction of plasma glucose concentration and by a boost in antitumor immunity. However, clinical evidence that cyclic FMD may impact on the outcomes of advanced TNBC (aTNBC) patients is lacking. We compared the overall survival (OS) of 14 aTNBC patients receiving first‐line carboplatin‐gemcitabine plus cyclic FMD in the context of the NCT03340935 trial with the OS of 76 consecutive aTNBC patients treated with carboplatin‐based chemotherapy alone at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to adjust the prognostic impact of FMD for other prognostic variables. Patients undergoing cyclic FMD in combination with carboplatin‐gemcitabine had better OS when compared to patients receiving chemotherapy alone (median OS 30.3 months, 95% CI 18‐NR, vs 17.2 months, 95% CI 15.3‐25.1, log‐rank P value .041). Multivariable analysis confirmed an association between FMD use and better OS (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19‐0.86; P = .019) also after propensity score‐based matching according to patient ECOG PS and the presence of de novo metastatic disease (HR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21‐0.83; P = .013). Cyclic FMD in combination with first‐line chemotherapy may improve clinical outcomes in aTNBC patients. Our study paves the way for conducting phase II trials to investigate if cyclic FMD can increase the antitumor activity/efficacy of chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy in patients with early‐stage TNBC or aTNBC.
How school policies, strategies, and relational factors contribute to teacher victimization and school safety
Authors: Astor Ron Avi , Benbenishty Rami , Capp Gordon P. , Watson Kate R. , Wu Chaoyue , McMahon Susan D. , Worrell Frank C. , Reddy Linda A. , Martinez Andrew , Espelage Dorothy L. , Anderman Eric M.
Published: August 2023

In this study, we examined how school policies and strategies (i.e., positive discipline, hardening strategies, and positive behavioral strategies) affect teacher relational factors and teacher reports of victimization and safety. Specifically, we examined the mediational roles of teacher support of student learning, maltreatment of students by teachers, and teachers' differential treatment of students in schools. Using a sample of 6643 pre‐K‐12th‐grade teachers, path analysis results revealed that positive behavior strategies, hardening strategies, and positive discipline were indirectly associated with teacher victimization and sense of safety. Additionally, teachers' perceptions of other teachers maltreating students had the greatest contributions to their sense of safety and victimization by students. Positive discipline was directly and indirectly associated with teacher victimization and safety. Implications and directions for future studies are discussed.