bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene score to quantify systemic inflammation in patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Trebicka Jonel , Aguilar Ferran , Queiroz Farias Alberto , Lozano Juan-José , Sánchez-Garrido Cristina , Usón-Raposo Eva , de la Peña-Ramirez Carlos , Sidorova Julia , Curto-Vilalta Anna , Sierra-Casas Patricia , Momoyo Zitelli Patricia , Papp Maria , Pereira Gustavo , Caraceni Paolo , Goncalves Luciana L , Alessandria Carlo , Torre Aldo , Laleman Wim , Gadano Adrián , Piano Salvatore , Mattos Angelo Z , Gu Wenyi , Brol Maximilian Joseph , Schierwagen Robert , Uschner Frank Erhard , Fischer Julia , Mendes Liliana S C , Vargas Victor , Alvares-da-Silva Mario R , Mookerjee Raj , Bittencourt Paolo L , Benitez Carlos , Albillos Agustín , Couto Cláudia , Mendizabal Manuel , Bañares Rafael , Toledo Claudio L , Mazo Daniel F , Janicko Martin , Castillo-Barradas Mauricio , Padilla Machaca Pedro Martin , Gatti Pietro , Miranda Adelina Zarela-Lozano , Malé-Velázquez René , Zipprich Alexander , Castro-Lyra André , Gustot Thierry , Bernal William , Gerbes Alexander L , Jalan Rajiv , Fernández Javier , Angeli Paolo , Carrilho Flair Jose , Claria Joan , Moreau Richard , Arroyo Vicente
Published: February 2025

Background and aims

Quantifying systemic inflammation (SI) in acutely decompensated cirrhosis (ADC) is of major importance because SI is a driver of the most severe forms of ADC, including acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Blood biomarkers of SI already evaluated in ADC failed to appropriately assess SI in ADC. We aimed to investigate whether gene expression related to circulating immune cells could quantify SI in ADC.

Methods

Standard biomarkers (white cell count, C reactive protein, cytokines) and genome-wide RNA expression (RNA-sequencing) were obtained in blood from 700 patients with ADC at the time of their hospital admission. A composite score based on standard biomarkers of SI (Chronic Liver Failure-Standard Biomarkers Composite (CLIF-SBC) score) and a gene score (CLIF-Systemic Inflammation Gene (SIG) score) composed of the 28 top differentially expressed immune cell-related genes in the comparison between high-severity and low-severity clinical phenotypes were computed. Among the 700 patients, the CLIF-SIG score was repeated once during follow-up in 375 patients, and 3 times or more in 46 patients.

Results

The CLIF-SIG score was more accurate in reflecting clinical severity induced by SI than the CLIF-SBC score (area under the curve 0.803 vs 0.658). A CLIF-SIG score of 0.386 (Youden Index) was the best cut-off level discriminating patients with poor outcomes from the others, in all clinical scenarios. Sequential measurement of the CLIF-SIG score showed that 78% of patients were admitted at the peak or descending part of the SI-wave. ACLF developed during hospitalisation in 80% of patients with a CLIF-SIG score >0.386 on admission.

Conclusions

In patients with ADC, the CLIF-SIG score is an accurate estimator of SI, clinical course severity and prognosis.
Serological screening for coeliac disease in an adult general population: the HUNT study
Authors: Andersen Ina Lervåg , Lukina Polina , Dyrli Ole T , Klaasen Rolf Anton , Warren David John , Bolstad Nils , Mjønes Patricia , Rønne Elin , Iversen Rasmus , Sollid Ludvig M , Lundin Knut E A , Ness-Jensen Eivind
Published: February 2025

Background

A large proportion of individuals with coeliac disease (CeD) remain undiagnosed.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess serological screening for CeD in the adult general population.

Design

The study was based on the fourth Trøndelag Health Study, a population-based study performed 2017–2019 in Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway, including 56 042 participants >20 years of age (54% participation rate). Serum samples were analysed with a dual antitransglutaminase 2 (TG2) IgA and IgG assay and seropositive participants were invited to endoscopy with duodenal biopsies. A CeD diagnosis was given if mucosal damage (Marsh grade 3) was found.

Results

Histological evaluation of 657 seropositive participants confirmed CeD in 423. The positive predictive value (PPV) of a positive TG2 IgA was 73.3% (95% CI 69.7% to 77.0%) for biopsy-confirmed CeD. TG2 IgA ≥10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), as used in the no-biopsy approach in children, increased the PPV to 88.1% (95% CI 84.8% to 91.4%). Primary TG2 IgG response was found in 87 participants, five of whom had biopsy-confirmed CeD. One of the participants with CeD primarily responding with TG2 IgG was IgA deficient. The PPV of a positive TG2 IgG was 5.8% (95% CI 1.9% to 12.9%) and of TG2 IgG ≥10× ULN was 9.5% (95% CI 1.2% to 30.4%) for biopsy-confirmed CeD in TG2 IgA-negative individuals.

Conclusion

The TG2 IgA assay showed excellent abilities as a screening tool for CeD in the adult general population. However, the diagnostic accuracy of TG2 IgG was too poor for selectively identifying individuals with CeD.
Development of live biotherapeutic products: a position statement of Asia-Pacific Microbiota Consortium
Authors: Tseng Ching-Hung , Wong Sunny , Yu Jun , Lee Yeong Yeh , Terauchi Jun , Lai Hsin-Chih , Luo Jiing-Chyuan , Kao Cheng Yen , Yu Sung-Liang , Liou Jyh-Ming , Wu Deng-Chyang , Hou Ming-Chih , Wu Ming-Shiang , Wu Jiunn-Jong , Sung Joseph J Y , El-Omar Emad M , Wu Chun-Ying
Published: February 2025

Objective

Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) are biological products composed of living micro-organisms, developed to prevent, treat, or cure diseases. Examples include cultured strains ofAkkermansia muciniphilaandChristensenella minuta, as well as treatments using purified Firmicutes spores for recurrentClostridioides difficileinfections. There is a need for guidelines over the increasing interest in developing LBPs. A panel of microbiome experts from Asia-Pacific countries articulates their perspectives on key considerations for LBP development.

Design

Experts in microbiome research, microbiology, gastroenterology, internal medicine and biotherapeutics industry were invited to form a panel. During the 2023 Inauguration Conference of the Asia-Pacific Microbiota Consortium, an organised, iterative roundtable discussion was conducted to build expert consensus on critical issues surrounding the development of LBP.

Results

The consensus statements were organised into three main aspects: (a) rationales of LBP development, (b) preclinical studies and (c) preparation for clinical studies. The panel strongly recommended to prioritise human-derived and food-sourced strains for development, with indications based on clinical need and efficacy shown in studies. Preclinical evaluation should involve thorough screening, genotyping and phenotyping, as well as comprehensive in vitro and animal studies to assess functional mechanisms and microbiological safety. Rigorous cell banking practices and genetic monitoring are essential to ensure product consistency and safety throughout the manufacturing process. Clinical trials, including postmarketing surveillance, must be carefully designed and closely monitored, with robust safety and risk management protocols in place.

Conclusions

The development of LBP should be approached with a strong emphasis on microbiological evaluation, clinical relevance, scientific mechanisms and safety at every stage. These measures are essential to ensure the safety, effectiveness and long-term success of the product.
Enhanced thrombopoiesis supplies PD-L1 to circulating immune cells via the generation of PD-L1-expressing platelets in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Lee Sung-Woo , Jeong Saei , Kim Young Ju , Noh Jeong Eun , Rho Kyung Na , Kim Hee-Ok , Cho Hyun-Ju , Yang Deok Hwan , Hwang Eu Chang , Kyun Bae Woo , Yun Sook Jung , Yun Ju Sik , Park Cheol-Kyu , Oh In-Jae , Cho Jae-Ho
Published: February 2025

Background

The increased expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on a subset of immune cells in the peripheral blood has been frequently observed in patients with cancer, suggesting a relationship with PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying PD-L1 expression on various types of immune cells in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer.

Methods

PD-L1 expression on various immune cell populations was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 112 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using flow cytometry. A mouse model of X-ray-induced acute thrombocytopenia was used to investigate the relationship between thrombopoiesis and PD-L1-expressing platelet generation. The clinical significance of PD-L1-expressing platelets was analyzed in a cohort of patients with stage IV NSCLC who received a combination of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) therapy and chemotherapy.

Results

All immune cell populations, including monocytes, T cells, B cells, and NK cells, showed higher PD-L1 expression in patients with cancer than in healthy controls. However, this increased frequency of PD-L1-expressing cells was not attributed to the expression of the cells themselves. Instead, it was entirely dependent on the direct interaction of the cells with PD-L1-expressing platelets. Notably, the platelet-dependent acquisition of PD-L1 on circulating immune cells of patients with lung cancer was observed in various other cancer types and was mechanistically associated with a surge in thrombopoiesis, resulting in the increased production of PD-L1-expressing reticulated platelets. Clinically, patients with enhanced thrombopoiesis and concurrently high PD-L1-expressing platelets exhibited a better response to anti-PD-1 therapy.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the role of tumor-associated thrombopoiesis in generating PD-L1-expressing platelets that may serve as a resource for PD-L1-positive cells in the circulation and act as a predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
Impact of an intervention for osteoarthritis based on exercise and education on metabolic health: a register-based study using the SOAD cohort
Authors: Battista Simone , Recenti Filippo , Kiadaliri Ali , Lohmander Stefan , Jönsson Thérése , Abbott Allan , Vinblad Johanna , Rolfson Ola , Englund Martin , Dell’Isola Andrea
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study evaluated the effects of a 6-week osteoarthritis (OA) exercise and education intervention on metabolic health markers, including blood pressure (BP), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol levels and weight in individuals with both OA and diabetes.

Methods

Data originated from the Swedish Osteoarthritis and Diabetes cohort, which is composed of the Swedish Osteoarthritis Register (SOAR) and National Diabetes Register. We included individuals diagnosed with OA and diabetes who underwent the intervention between January 2008 and December 2019, matched with controls with diabetes who did not based on birth year, sex, OA site (hip/knee) and OA diagnosis year. Outcomes included BP, HbA1c, HDL, total cholesterol levels and weight measured up to 3 years before and after SOAR enrolment. Statistical analyses used two-way fixed-effect models.

Results

The study included 4571 individuals with OA and diabetes (mean age: 69.5, SD: 7.8; women: 52.7%; knee OA: 71.2%) and 7925 controls. The intervention group showed a systolic BP decrease of approximately 1.0 mm Hg at 6 and 12 months compared with the control group. HDL levels increased by about 0.02 mmol/L at 12, 18 and 24 months. Weight decreased by approximately 0.5 kg at 6, 18 and 30 months. HbA1c levels increased by approximately 0.5 mmol/mol at 6 months. No essential differences were found in the total cholesterol levels.

Conclusion

An OA exercise and education intervention designed following OA clinical practice guidelines led to small and unlikely clinically relevant improvements in metabolic health markers in individuals with OA and diabetes.
Oxidised low-density lipoprotein and adverse outcome in patients with acute mild ischaemic stroke or high-risk TIA: a secondary analysis of the INSPIRES randomised clinical trial
Authors: Ding Yaowei , Jiang Lingling , Wang Tingting , Chen Yuxin , Pan Yuesong , Li Xiaotong , Yan Hongyi , Chen Weiqi , Zhang Guojun , Wang Yilong
Published: February 2025

Background

Research data regarding the correlation between elevated oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) cholesterol concentrations and unfavourable clinical outcomes in individuals experiencing minor acute ischaemic cerebrovascular events or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) with presumed atherosclerotic aetiology are still limited.

Methods

This investigation incorporated a cohort of 5814 participants derived from the Intensive Statin and Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute High-Risk Intracranial or Extracranial Atherosclerosis clinical trial. The core laboratory conducted blinded measurements of baseline plasma oxLDL concentrations. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were employed to assess the correlations between oxLDL levels and adverse clinical events. The principal endpoint for efficacy assessment was defined as the occurrence of stroke within a 90-day follow-up period. Additional secondary endpoints encompassed composite vascular events during the same observation window. The main safety endpoint assessed was the occurrence of bleeding events of moderate to severe intensity.

Results

The final analytical cohort comprised 5814 patients included in the final analysis. The mean age was 63.7±9.6 years, and 36.0% were female. The average concentration of circulating oxLDL was 36.62 µg/dL. Elevated oxLDL concentrations demonstrated a potential correlation with heightened stroke risk (T3 vs T1: HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.85), ischaemic stroke (T3 vs T1: HR 1.31, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.76) and composite vascular events (T3 vs T1: HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.81) within 90 days. An increased concentration of oxLDL demonstrated a significant association with elevated susceptibility to moderate and severe haemorrhagic events (T3 vs T1: HR 3.61, 95% CI 1.26 to 10.34) within 90 days.

Conclusion

Increased concentrations of oxLDL demonstrated an independent correlation with both stroke recurrence and the occurrence of moderate-to-severe haemorrhagic events in individuals presenting with acute minor ischaemic stroke or TIA at elevated risk, accompanied by intracranial or extracranial atherosclerotic lesions.
Influence of Sloping Ground and Pile Group on Sand Reliquefaction Behavior using Centrifuge Modelling
Authors: Padmanabhan Gowtham , Ueda Kyohei , Maheshwari Bal Krishna , Uzuoka Ryosuke
Published: February 2025

In the present study free field and pile group models were experimented in a sloping ground using centrifuge modelling. A 2 × 2 pile group model was inserted in Toyoura sand and results were compared with that of free field model ground. Tapered sinusoidal waveform was inputted at a constant 1 Hz shaking frequency, whereas acceleration amplitude and shaking duration for the mainshocks were considered twice that of foreshocks and aftershocks. Two different seismic sequences with six shaking events were imparted to the model grounds to investigate the influence of slope and presence of pile group on sand reliquefaction behavior. The time history responses were recorded in the form of acceleration, excess pore pressure (EPP), bending moment, and lateral displacement and presented. The response indicates that sloping ground was stable under the action of foreshocks, whereas it collapsed during mainshocks, primarily due to liquefaction. The mainshock has transformed the gently inclined sloping ground to levelled ground model. Presence of slope has resulted in higher EPP response and bending moment values compared to levelled ground. GeoPIV analysis and visualization show the flow of sand particles from upside to downside due to lateral spreading at shallow depths that initiated the slope failure.
Ărramăt: an example of Indigenous Peoples’ holistic approach of health and well-being
Authors: Aboukakrine Mariam Wallet , Parlee Brenda , Boirin-Fargues Zoé , Argumedo Alejandro , Carroll Clint , Choque Quispe Maria Eugenia , Guttorm Hanna , Jones Carwyn , Seurujärvi-Kari Irja , Silan/I-An GAO (高怡安) Wasiq , Trakansuphakon Prasert , Pictou Sherry
Published: February 2025

Status quo frameworks are highly Eurocentric and narrow in scope protecting; biodiversity conservation in many parts of the world and reflect a kind of dichotomized conservation that has created and perpetuated patterns of poverty, food insecurity, and socio-economic marginalization, particularly among Indigenous Peoples. By dichotomized conservation, we mean an approach to conservation that is not taking into consideration the intrinsic interdependence of environment, people, and all the species. It is the management of conservation of different ecosystems and species separately. This framework is opposed to the Indigenous approach to conservation in which people cannot think about their health and well-being without thinking about the health and well-being of Mother Earth. New conceptualizations of biodiversity are needed that are holistic in nature and confront these historical and systemic patterns of exclusion of Indigenous Peoples.
Kružkov-type uniqueness theorem for the chemical flood conservation law system with local vanishing viscosity admissibility
Authors: Rastegaev Nikita , Matveenko Sergey
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we study the uniqueness of solutions of the initial-boundary value problem in the quarter-plane for the chemical flood conservation law system in the class of piecewise [Formula: see text]-smooth functions under certain restrictions. The vanishing viscosity method is used locally on the discontinuities of the solution to determine admissible and inadmissible shocks. The Lagrangian coordinate transformation is utilized in order to split the equations. The proof of uniqueness is based on an entropy inequality similar to the one used in the classical Kružkov’s theorem.
Stability of Cnoidal waves for the damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Antonelli Paolo , Shakarov Boris
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we consider the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with a linear damping on the one-dimensional torus and we investigate the stability of some solitary wave profiles within the dissipative dynamics. The undamped cubic NLS equation is well known to admit a family of periodic waves given by Jacobi elliptic functions of cnoidal type. We show that the family of cnoidal waves is orbitally stable. More precisely, by considering a sufficiently small perturbation of a given cnoidal wave at the initial time, the evolution will always remain close (up to symmetries of the equation) to the cnoidal wave whose mass is modulated according to the dissipative dynamics. This result extends the concept of orbital stability to this non-Hamiltonian evolution.

Since cnoidal waves are not exact solutions to the damped NLS, the perturbation is forced away from the family of solitary wave profiles. In order to control this secular growth of the error, we find a first-order approximation of the solitary wave that takes into account the dissipative term. Then we use a suitable, exponentially decreasing Lyapunov functional that controls the [Formula: see text]-norm of the perturbation around the approximated solitons.
Introduction to Asian geodynamics, climate and biodiversity
Authors: Dupont-Nivet Guillaume , Jonell Tara N. , Dommain René , Clift Peter D.
Published: February 2025

This book addresses the interplay between geodynamics, climate, and biodiversity, focusing on the India-Asia collision, the key abiotic parameter shaping the region's topography, climate, and ecosystems. Asia, with its unparalleled geological activity and rich biodiversity, is ideal for studying interactive processes of Earth System Science. Collision shaped the Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau regions, significantly influencing atmospheric circulation, precipitation patterns, and biotic evolution. Key questions revolve around the timing and mechanisms of these processes, which remain topics of debate. Fossil records highlight evolutionary patterns, such as plant and animal dispersals during tectonic shifts like the “Africa-India Floristic Interchange.” Climatic phenomena, including monsoons and glaciations, further influenced biodiversity by shaping habitats and driving speciation. High-altitude regions, like the Hengduan Mountains, became biodiversity cradles due to habitat heterogeneity and ecological niches. Advances in tools like palaeoaltimetry proxies, molecular phylogenetics, climate and landscape modelling clarify the complex interactions between tectonics, climate, and biodiversity. Asia's geological history offers vital insights into past climate-biodiversity dynamics, aiding predictions of current ecosystem responses to climate change. This region's unparalleled geological activity and biodiversity make it a focal point for Earth System Science, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary research to address global biodiversity and environmental challenges.
Reconceptualizing Technology for Chronic Disease Management Activities in the Family: Supporting Collective Routines
Authors: Richards Olivia K. , Veinot Tiffany C.
Published: February 2025

Chronic disease management requires numerous family-based activities. Although HCI has investigated family-based chronic disease management, there is no systematic basis for technology design. Routines support adherence; thus, we used routines theory to investigate chronic disease management activities in families; the roles of family, patients, and artifacts; activity routinization; and routine interrelationships. The two-year study included 38 families managing type 2 diabetes and/or HIV/AIDS. Data collection involved individual and family group interviews, surveys, and home tours. Families performed 14 chronic disease management activities within five interrelated cycles, and one less-connected activity. Most families included both family members and patients in activities—although this could be problematic. Most activities were only moderately routinized and followed cyclical activity patterns joined by sequential or concurrent interdependence. A medication-taking routine ecology had coordination difficulties. Results surface design implications for a potentially powerful new class of technologies to support family-based chronic disease management routines.
Protein Engineering for Spatiotemporally Resolved Cellular Monitoring
Authors: Zhou Guanwei , Wang Wenjing
Published: February 2025

Protein engineering has been extensively applied to the development of genetically encoded reporters for spatiotemporally resolved monitoring of dynamic biochemical activity across cellular compartments in living cells. Genetically encoded reporters facilitate the visualization and recording of cellular processes, including transmission of signaling molecules, protease activity, and protein–protein interactions. In this review, we describe and assess common reporter motifs and protein engineering strategies for designing genetically encoded reporters. We also discuss essential parameters for evaluating genetically encoded reporters, along with future protein engineering opportunities in this field.
Addressing Class Imbalance Problem in Health Data Classification: Practical Application From an Oversampling Viewpoint
Authors: Agyemang Edmund Fosu , Mensah Joseph Agyapong , Nyarko Eric , Arku Dennis , Mbeah-Baiden Benedict , Opoku Enock , Noye Nortey Ezekiel Nii
Published: February 2025

While analyzing health data is important for improving health outcomes, class imbalance in datasets poses major challenges to machine learning classification models. This work, therefore, considers the class imbalance problem in stroke prediction using models such as K‐nearest neighbors, support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest, and decision tree. This work balances the stroke dataset, thereby enhancing model performance, through various oversampling strategies: random oversampling (RO), ADASYN, SMOTE, and SMOTE–Tomek. Compared to the results of the imbalanced dataset, all applied oversampling techniques enhanced the correct classification of stroke events by the ML model. Among these, RO–SVM with RBF kernel was the best in terms of sensitivity, specificity, G‐mean, F1‐score, and accuracy values, offering the highest results with respective values of 89.87%, 94.91%, 92.36%, 89.64%, and 89.87%. After applying oversampling techniques, all the machine learning classifications were good enough to classify stroke status, especially for the minority class. This study has highlighted the importance of class imbalance issues in health datasets. Precise detection of instances of minority classes can be enhanced considerably by employing classification models with the implementation of hybrid strategies to effectively solve class imbalance issues, which, in turn, will help improve healthcare outcomes. Further research in integrating more advanced deep learning techniques into other health datasets with imbalances is encouraged to further validate or refine class imbalance approaches, as effective handling of imbalanced classes can substantially promote predictive model performance in the analysis of healthcare.
Infection by Adenovirus Type 2 in a Short‐Tailed Bat in Mexico
Authors: Trejo-Chávez Armando , Castillo-Velázquez Uziel , Méndez-Bernal Adriana , Flores-Martínez Karina , Hernández-Vidal Gustavo , Rodríguez-Tovar Luis E. , Villarreal-Villarreal José P.
Published: February 2025

A short‐tailed female bat (Carollia perspicillata), 1 year old, died without apparent signs of the disease while on display at an amusement park in the Municipality of Montemorelos, Nuevo León, Mexico. Amphophilic nuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the intestinal epithelia, corresponding to the virus of the adenovirus genera. Although there have been no reported adenovirus cases of this bat species in Mexico, through an anatomopathological study and support from the microscopic, ultrastructural, and molecular findings of intestinal lesions, a diagnosis of enteritis caused by Adenovirus Type 2 was made. To the authors’ knowledge, the case described herein is the first report of infection by Adenovirus Type 2 in a short‐tailed bat in Mexico.
Characterization of Genetic and Agromorphological Variation in 30 Soybean (Glycine max) Accessions in Northern and Southern Benin
Authors: Ezin Vincent , Bachabi Fatimata , Dubogan Florida Corolle Mintodè , Ahanchede Wassiou , Sanni Gazali B. T. A. , Moussa Mohamed Salim , Ahanchede Adam
Published: February 2025

Soybean is a highly nutritious and versatile food that is of great importance in world trade. It is a cash crop for farmers in Benin, grown almost everywhere. However, soybean production faces several challenges, including low yields and disruptions due to weather conditions. Improving soybean production could enhance food security for the population and increase farmers’ incomes. A study was conducted to assess the genetic and agromorphological variability of 30 soybean accessions. The study was carried out in a three‐repeat alpha lattice design at two different sites in the South of Benin (E1) and North (E2). Qualitative and quantitative traits were collected during the experiments. The qualitative characteristics showed great variability, except for cotyledon color and the presence of pubescence and petiole. The results also showed that Accessions TGm‐1199, TGX 1910‐14, and TGm‐1588 had the best yields in E1, whereas TGX 1951‐3F, TGX 1910‐14F, and TGm‐1253 were found with the highest yields in E2. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits, and heritability in the broad sense ranged from 20% to 100%. The genetic parameters showed that selection programs can be effective for days to flowering, plant height, hundred‐seed weight, seed thickness, seed length and width, days to harvest, pod length and width, and grain yield. The high genetic variability observed within soybean accessions indicates that genotypes could be selected and used as a crop improvement tool.
Geographical Distribution, Spatial Directional Trends, and Spatio‐Temporal Clusters of the First Rapid and Widespread Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreaks in Thailand
Authors: Maulana Kusnul Yuli , Na-Lampang Kannika , Arjkumpa Orapun , Buamithup Noppawan , Intawong Kannikar , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak
Published: February 2025

Thailand was recognized as having the highest number of lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks in Southeast Asia during 2021. Understanding how LSD outbreaks spread over time and space can provide detailed insight into the distribution and pattern of the disease, allowing for more precise identification of areas with high disease burden. This study aims to explore the spread of LSD among cattle in Thailand during 2021 using spatial and spatio‐temporal analyses. Data were analyzed using spatial analysis techniques, including spatial autocorrelation and directional distribution. Additionally, the spatio‐temporal models, including space–time permutation (STP) and Poisson with various maximum reported cluster size (MRCS) settings, were applied to the data to determine LSD outbreak clusters. Results showed that a total of 642 LSD outbreaks were reported from March to December 2021. Districts with confirmed cases exhibited spatial autocorrelation, indicating the interconnected spread of LSD across different geographic areas. Furthermore, the disease distribution pattern appeared to extend to the southern and southwestern regions from the northeast. Based on the spatio‐temporal models, LSD outbreak clusters were identified in several regions. The STP model tended to identify more clusters with smaller radii compared to the Poisson model. The number of clusters detected varied according to both the model and MRCS setting, underscoring the importance of selecting the most relevant clusters for the effective implementation of disease control strategies. This study was the first of its kind to assess the spatial direction and spatio‐temporal distribution of LSD outbreak clusters based on national‐level data. Evaluating LSD occurrence through spatial and spatio‐temporal analyses can provide valuable insight into its spatio‐temporal dynamics, facilitating disease surveillance, control measures, and vector control strategies in Thailand.
Denosumab Enhances antitumour Immunity by Suppressing SPP1 and Boosting Cytotoxic T Cells
Authors: Su Zezhuo , Yeung Maximus Chun Fai. , Han Shan , Yau Raymond Ching Hing. , Lam Ying Lee , Ho Kenneth Wai Yip. , Shek Tony Wai. , Shi Feng , Feng Shuang , Chen Hongtai , Ho Joshua Wing Kei. , Xu ZhiYuan , Cheung Jason Pui Yin. , Cheung Kelvin Sin Chi.
Published: February 2025

Denosumab, a RANKL inhibitor, is primarily used to prevent osteoclastogenesis in the treatment of conditions such as osteoporosis, bone metastasis, and giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB). RANKL also plays an important role in immunity by activating NF-κB and its target genes, including the osteopontin-coding gene SPP1 (also known as OPN), which is linked to CXCL9:SPP1 macrophage polarization and prognosis. In this study, we explored an additional role of denosumab in enhancing antitumour immunity in patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on nine human GCTB samples, including six untreated and three treated only with denosumab, to exclude confounding treatment factors linked with bone metastasis samples. We further analysed paired pre- and post-denosumab treated samples from a cohort of nine GCTB patients and conducted a pan-cancer analysis of 34 distinct types of cancers. Our single-cell analysis of GCTB resulted in a comprehensive cell atlas revealing an antitumour role of denosumab in inhibiting SPP1 expression and augmenting active cytotoxic T cell abundance. Furthermore, we validated this immunomodulatory role of denosumab using the paired GCTB samples. Finally, the pan-cancer analysis supported a negative correlation between SPP1 and CD8A levels, with the CD8A:SPP1 ratio correlating with overall survival in 14 cancer types, which was superior to either CD8A or SPP1 alone. Our research provides clinical evidence that denosumab improves antitumour immunity by decreasing SPP1 expression and enhancing cytotoxic T cell activity, serving as a milestone in the development of innovative use of denosumab and offering potential benefits to patients with elevated levels of SPP1.
Taxonomic review of Epeorus s. l. Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) in Sapporo City and adjacent areas, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: TAKAYANAGI TATSUSHI , YOSHIZAWA KAZUNORI
Published: February 2025

Three species within the genus Epeorus s. l. Eaton, viz., Epeorus latifolium Uéno, 1928, E. L-nigrum Matsumura, 1931, and E. uenoi (Matsumura, 1933), whose types were collected from Sapporo City, Japan, and neighboring areas, have been confused for a long time. In this study, intensive field sampling and investigation of museum specimens revealed E. latifolium and E. L-nigrum are indeed distinct species, while E. uenoi is a synonym of E. latifolium. Thus, this study partially resolves the taxonomic confusion surrounding Japanese E. latifolium-like species. However, numerous closely related species in Northeast Asia remain challenging to delineate. A critical factor in this taxonomic ambiguity is the definition of subgenus Belovius Tshernova, 1981, as the description of its type species, E. latifolium, was based on a misidentified specimen. Additionally, this study presents morphological features and DNA sequence data for three other related species from the same areas, viz., E. curvatulus Matsumura, 1931; E. aesculus Imanishi, 1934; and E. nipponicus (Uéno, 1931). The subgeneric classification of each species is evaluated following Kluge’s (2004) system, with E. L-nigrum newly assigned to the subgenus Belovius and E. curvatulus to the subgenus Caucasiron Kluge, 1997.
Tubercular spondylitis with prevertebral and epidural abscess masquerading as a mediastinal mass
Authors: Nagar Nishtha , Chauhan Parija , Gunasekaran Pradeep Kumar , Sivagnanaganesan Sivanesan , Chaluvashetty Sreedhara Bettadahally , Verma Sanjay
Published: February 2025

A 10-year old girl presenting with an insidious-onset low-grade fever for one month was found to have mediastinal widening with bilateral perihilar opacities. MRI scanning further revealed dorsal spondylitis with collapse of T2-4 vertebral bodies with prevertebral and epidural tubercular collections of 3 × 6.5 × 8 cm. This case emphasises the importance of considering TB among differential diagnoses of a mediastinal mass, especially among children from endemic countries.
On Behalf of Creation: Reading the Destructive Cosmic Eschatology of 2 Peter 3 in the Light of the Transfiguration
Authors: Neville David J.
Published: February 2025

God’s creation of the cosmos is an elemental premise of the New Testament letter known as 2 Peter. Perhaps more overtly than in any other New Testament document, however, 2 Peter anticipates cosmic destruction on the day of divine judgment, when the created order will apparently be subjected to fiery dissolution. As well as looking back to creation and forward to the unpredictable ‘day of the Lord’, 2 Peter also references the historic parousia of Jesus by recalling his transfiguration. Since 2 Peter envisages judgment and salvation as two dimensions of one divine initiative already inaugurated by the historic mission of Jesus, this study looks to the past parousia of Jesus for orientation to his future parousia, both of which are referenced in the letter. This article has a twofold focus: first, destructive cosmic eschatology in 2 Pet. 3 and its potential ecological implications; and second, the hermeneutical value of 2 Peter’s appeal to the transfiguration of Jesus for reflecting on and evaluating 2 Peter’s eschatology—on behalf of creation.
Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with gout: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heidarian Pegah , Jalali Amir , Shirzadi Ali , Jalali Romina , Ezzati Ebrahim
Published: February 2025

Background: Evidence increasingly supports the association of gout with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Studies have indicated that the prevalence of MetS among patients with gout ranges from 17 to over 70 percent. Aim: The purpose of this study was to establish the global prevalence of MetS in patients diagnosed with gout. Methods: To obtain studies related to the title, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Science-Direct, and Google Scholar search engine to find all relevant articles that were published until the end of November 2023. Obtain and carry out the necessary evaluations. The I2 index was used to examine the heterogeneity of studies and the Random Effects model was used to analyze the data. Results: Following evaluation, we discovered 19 studies (23 findings), revealing an overall prevalence of MetS in gout patients as 46.8% (95% CI: 38.6–55.2%). On a regional level, subgroup analysis indicated the highest prevalence of MetS was in the American continent, with a rate of 60.6% (95% CI: 44.8–74.5%). In terms of the tool used for MetS measurement, the subgroup analysis showed the maximum prevalence rate of 54.6% was associated with the International Diabetes Federation criteria tool. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that MetS is common among gout patients; therefore, policymakers should reduce the consequences and costs of this condition by focusing on these patients and performing appropriate and timely treatment and training.
Electroacupuncture improves cerebral blood flow in pMCAO rats during acute phase via promoting leptomeningeal collaterals
Authors: Wang Lu , Su Xin-Tong , Yang Na-Na , Wang Qing-Yong , Yang Jing-Wen , Liu Cun-Zhi
Published: February 2025

Perfusion through leptomeningeal collateral vessels is a likely pivotal factor in the outcome of ischemic stroke patients. Acupuncture has been reported to restore cerebral blood flow (CBF) after acute ischemic stroke, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed to examine whether electroacupuncture (EA) could improve CBF following an acute ischemic injury by regulating leptomeningeal collaterals. The clinical outcomes suggest that EA resulted in an increase in the average CBF within the whole brain and gray matter of healthy subjects compared to pre-intervention. The experiments conducted on animals revealed that EA was able to improve neurological function, reduce infarct volume, and salvage tissue damage in the peri-infarct areas of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Additionally, EA was found to increase cerebral perfusion and the diameter of developed leptomeningeal anastomoses, accompanied by activation of cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). However, these effects of EA were reversed by chemogenetic inhibition of cholinergic neurons in the NBM or by intraperitoneal injection of acetylcholine receptors antagonist atropine. These findings suggest that EA improved CBF after acute ischemic stroke, partially via activating cholinergic projections from the NBM to the cortex, thereby promoting leptomeningeal collateral circulation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03444896.
Debunking the Two-phase Treatment Myth
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Nongthombam Haripriya
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The world of orthodontics has its fair share of debates. One such topic is that of one-phase versus two-phase treatment, or early versus late therapy, as some like to call it. To put it simply, a one-phase therapy is finished in a single stage, whereas the latter is carried out in two stages, throughout two different age periods.

Aims and Objectives

To assess and discuss the current notion of one-phase and two-phase therapy in the management of Class II malocclusion, along with their efficacy, long-term stability, cost effectiveness and patient compliance, as demonstrated by years of research.

Methods

All existing literature related to two-phase treatment and late single-phase treatment in Class II malocclusion cases were reviewed, analyzing the respective benefits and drawbacks.

Results

All the evidence advocates that two-phase treatment does not outperform one-phase treatment in skeletal correction, treatment stability, or reducing treatment complexity in Class II malocclusion. Early intervention can be beneficial in a few scenarios, but it typically prolongs treatment duration, increases costs, while reducing patient compliance.

Conclusion

This review indicates the need for re-evaluation of early two-phase treatment in Class II malocclusion. Rather than a generalized preference for early intervention, customised treatment planning is more desirable.
Research Studies Using Data From the National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants (NSOAAP): A Scoping Review
Authors: Okolie Tochukwu J. , Menne Heather L.
Published: February 2025

The National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants (NSOAAP) is collected for programs funded by Title III of the Older Americans Act (OAA; i.e., case management, congregate meals, home-delivered meals, homemaker, transportation, and family caregiver support). This scoping review mapped extant peer-reviewed empirical articles using NSOAAP data. Eight databases were searched and additional citations were identified through online searches and reference list review. The study findings are based on 12 peer-reviewed empirical studies. There is a dearth in overall empirical studies using the NSOAAP, and there is variation in waves analyzed, sub-populations investigated, and how often data for specific programs is studied. This scoping review highlights the need for more research to understand the impact of the OAA service as measured through the NSOAAP across time.
Developing and evaluating an intervention to improve the disposal of compostable packaging at UK workplaces
Authors: Buckland Nicola J , Bru Garcia Sara , Sharp Rosie , Mockridge Tom , Greenwood Sarah , Matthews Meghann , Webb Thomas L
Published: February 2025

Compostable packaging may provide a more sustainable alternative to conventional packaging. However, people often inappropriately dispose of compostable packaging which limits its potential benefits. This study applied the Behaviour Change Wheel and the capability, opportunity, motivation-behaviour model to develop and evaluate the effect of a behaviour change intervention on the disposal of compostable packaging at workplaces. Focus groups, observations, analysis of existing materials and a review of the literature identified barriers in relation to capability, opportunity and motivation to compost packaging. The intervention addressed the identified barriers through clear and distinctive labels on packaging, matching bin signage, a motivational video and an onboarding presentation for workplaces. The intervention was implemented in three workplaces and evaluated using a pre–post design. The intervention led to sustained increases in compostable packaging in compostable bins and reduced contamination. A post-intervention survey and roundtable event suggested that the intervention was acceptable to workplace leads and employees. There was no evidence that the intervention changed perceived capability, opportunity and/or motivation. The main recommendations for packaging producers and workplaces include using consistent distinctive bin signage that corresponds with standardized packaging labels.
Social Identification and Charitable Giving: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chapman Cassandra M. , Spence Jessica L. , Hornsey Matthew J. , Dixon Lucas
Published: February 2025

To enhance their effectiveness, nonprofit fundraisers may wish to harness the power of identification. Informed by Social Identity Theory and Charitable Triad Theory, we meta-analyzed 40 years of research on social identification and charitable giving to quantify the overall relationship and conducted meta-regressions to investigate moderators. Across 109 effect sizes drawn from 89,570 participants, we found a medium-sized relationship ( r = .29). Identification with other donors ( r = .23), beneficiaries ( r = .24), and fundraisers ( r = .36) were all positively associated with giving. Strength of identification ( r = .32) was more strongly associated with giving than was shared identity (i.e., in-group vs out-group target; r = .15). Effects were smaller for actual behavior ( r = .20) than for self-reported giving ( r = .33) and were only found when giving was mediated through charities ( r = .34) but not when giving directly to individuals ( r = .04). We include practical recommendations for ways that fundraisers can effectively leverage the power of identification in recruitment campaigns, copywriting, and selection of spokespeople.
Optimizing stealth thin films: Nanoindentation and nanoscratch testing for enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Bharti Rohit , Mursaleen Mohammad , Dey Abhijit
Published: February 2025

The study provides a comprehensive mechanical assessment of thin film coatings using nanoindentation and nanoscratch testing to analyze the effects of composition, microstructure, and testing conditions on their mechanical properties. A diverse range of materials, such as ZrAlN, TiCrN, and reduced graphene oxide-functionalized epoxy coatings, was systematically evaluated under varying test conditions. Nanoindentation revealed critical parameters such as hardness, elastic modulus, and plasticity index, underscoring the influence of filler content and matrix interactions in determining mechanical performance. ZrAlN thin films exhibited exceptional thermal stability and resilience, making them ideal for high-temperature stealth applications. Meanwhile, TiCrN coatings with optimized nitrogen stoichiometry demonstrated enhanced adhesion strength, scratch resistance, and elastic recovery, emphasizing the significance of precise compositional control in aerospace and defense systems. Nanoscratch testing further validated the improved performance of these coatings, showcasing their ability to withstand mechanical stresses while maintaining structural integrity. Comparative tables and graphical interpretations were utilized to reveal intricate relationships between material compositions, testing parameters, and mechanical properties. The study highlights the critical importance of optimizing material composition and microstructure to develop multifunctional coatings that meet the stringent demands of modern stealth technology. Future research should address the long-term performance of these coatings under cyclic loading and extreme environmental conditions while exploring novel material systems that offer enhanced radar absorption and low infrared emissivity. These findings provide a robust framework for advancing thin film technologies tailored to next-generation defense applications.
Paid Placements in Social Work: Addressing Inequity and Student Well-Being (Policy Brief)
Authors: Leslie Alison Fedoris
Published: February 2025

Guided by the National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics, social work is expected to be at the forefront of advocating for social change. Integral to social work is the field education or practicum component. Field education allows social work students the opportunity to apply their skills in work settings, integrating their classroom learning with applied practice. Yet these placements can place undue economic burden on social work students, exacerbating an economic divide and leading to an increased expectation of unpaid or underpaid labor in social work. This policy brief examines the impact of these unpaid placements on students’ well-being and provides recommendations to address current disparities.