bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of High Dietary Levels of Cottonseed Meal and Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance, Muscle Texture, and Expression of Muscle-Related Genes in Grass Carp
Authors: Hu Yajun , Hu Yi , Wu Tongqiang , Chu Wuying
Published: April 2019

A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of rapeseed meal (RSM) and cottonseed meal (CSM) as a replacement for equal proportions of fish meal and soybean meal for Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated; a basic commercial formula was fed to the control (CT) group, while the RSM and CSM diet was fed to the experimental (ET) group. The results showed that the survival rates were 98% (CT group) and 99% (ET group), which were not significantly different. Compared with the CT group, the weight gain rate of Grass Carp in the ET group was significantly decreased; hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of muscle in the ET group showed significant increases; and adhesiveness of muscle was significantly increased. The expression levels of the myosin heavy chain (MyHC*) and myogenic regulatory factor 5 (Myf5*) genes in the muscle of the ET group were significantly increased compared with those in the CT group. Moreover, the expression level of the troponin gene in the ET group muscle was significantly increased compared with that in CT fish. This study indicated that a high proportion of CSM (27%) and RSM (27%) in feed had negative effects on the growth performance and muscle texture of Grass Carp.
Evaluating the Sustainability of a Cisco Fishery in Thunder Bay, Ontario, under Alternative Harvest Policies
Authors: Fisch Nicholas C. , Bence James R. , Myers Jared T. , Berglund Eric K. , Yule Daniel L.
Published: April 2019

Sustainable management of fish stocks is promoted through the application of management strategy evaluations (MSEs), providing information to managers on the relative performance of alternative management approaches (strategies) while accounting for uncertainty. In this study, we developed a simplified MSE of a stock of Cisco Coregonus artedi in Thunder Bay, Ontario, to determine both the sustainability of the current harvest control rule (i.e., a constant exploitation rate [U] of 10%) and the performance of alternative harvest control rules in meeting fishery objectives. Success in meeting fishery objectives was evaluated through attained yields, interannual variation in yields, magnitude of spawning stock biomass (SB), and the risk of reaching low SB—performance metrics established based on consultation with an advisory group to Lake Superior fishery managers. Our simulations explicitly accounted for uncertainty in the frequency of strong year-classes being produced by Cisco, the stock–recruit relationship, stock abundance, and the sex-specific nature of roe harvest. Assuming that future productivity is similar to the productivity observed over the period from 1985 to 2015, results suggest that the current U of 10% is sustainable in terms of maintaining SB above 20% of the unfished level. Variants of constant U control rules that included thresholds defining when U is to decrease as a function of SB increased yield, decreased risk, and increased the magnitude of SB at the end of the simulation period. However, these advantages came at the expense of greater interannual variation in yield. Constant catch control rules greatly underperformed constant U control rules in terms of magnitude in yield; however, they did reduce interannual variation in yield compared to constant U control rules. Furthermore, conditional versions of constant catch control rules (i.e., threshold stock sizes below which the catch limit was reduced) mitigated risks of staying at low stock size.
Patient‐reported outcomes and urodynamic findings in men with persistent lower urinary tract symptoms following robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: MacKenzie Kenneth R. , Davis James , Harding Christopher , Aning Jonathan J.
Published: April 2019

Aims

To evaluate the patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and urodynamic findings in men seeking intervention for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in a regional referral center for continence surgery.

Methods

Consecutive men with post‐RARP LUTS, who were referred for specialist evaluation and urodynamics between December 2012 and October 2017, were evaluated. Men were invited to complete the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire on Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Long Form (ICIQ‐MLUTS) pre‐operatively and at 6, 12 and 18 months post‐RARP.

Results

In total 64/860 (7.4%) men post‐RARP were referred for specialist evaluation. There was a significant increase in total ICIQ‐MLUTS and bother scores at 6, 12 and 18 months compared with the baseline in these men (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Urodynamics identified 41/64 (64%) had urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) only, 2/64 (3%) had detrusor overactivity (DO) only and 11/64 (17%) had a combination of USI and DO. Of those referred to a continence specialist 29/64 (45%) underwent a continence procedure.

Conclusions

Patients with bothersome LUTS post‐RARP have higher baseline ICIQ‐MLUTs scores and significant worsening of total scores at all time points compared with the baseline. Routine use of PROMs may identify patients at risk of bothersome symptoms after RARP and prompt earlier referral for further management of their LUTS. Urodynamic evaluation revealed that the most common finding was pure stress incontinence but the range of urodynamic diagnoses highlights the need to perform urodynamics before making treatment decisions for men with LUTS post‐RARP.
On the conditional residual lifetime of coherent systems under double regularly checking
Authors: Goli Sareh
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we consider a coherent system with n independent and identically distributed components under the condition that the system is monitored at time instances t1 and t2 (t1 < t2). First, various mixture representations for reliability function of the conditional residual lifetime of the coherent system are derived under different scenarios at times t1 and t2 (t1 < t2). Several stochastic comparisons between two systems are also made based on the proposed conditional random variables. Then, we consider the conditional residual lifetime of the functioning components of the system given that j components have failed at time t1 and the system has failed at time t2. Some stochastic comparisons on the proposed conditional residual lifetimes are investigated. Several illustrative graphs and examples are also provided.
Changes of clinical symptoms in patients with new psychoactive substance (NPS)‐related disorders from fiscal year 2012 to 2014: A study in hospitals specializing in the treatment of addiction
Authors: Funada Daisuke , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Tanibuchi Yuko , Kawasoe Yasunari , Sakakibara Satoru , Naruse Nobuya , Ikeda Shunichiro , Sunami Takashi , Muto Takeo , Cho Tetsuji
Published: April 2019

Aims

The use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has become increasingly widespread over the last decade, in Japan and internationally. NPS are associated with a range of increasingly serious clinical, public, and social issues. Political measures to ameliorate the effects of NPS in Japan have focused on tightening regulation rather than establishing treatment methods. The current study sought to compare the neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients with NPS‐related disorders across several years. We examined patients who attended specialized hospitals for treating addiction, to elucidate the impacts of legal measures to control NPS.

Methods

Subjects (n = 864) were patients with NPS‐related disorders who received medical treatment at eight specialized hospitals for treating addiction in Japan between April 2012 and March 2015. Clinical information was collected retrospectively from medical records.

Results

Among psychiatric symptoms, the ratio of hallucinations/delusions decreased over time across 3 years of study (first year vs second year vs third year: 40.1% vs 30.9% vs 31.7%, P = 0.037). Among neurological symptoms, the ratio of coma/syncope increased over the 3‐year period (7.8% vs 11.0% vs 17.0%, P = 0.002), as did the ratio of convulsions (2.8% vs 4.3% vs 9.7%, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

The symptoms associated with NPS were primarily psychiatric in the first year, while the prevalence of neurological symptoms increased each year. The risk of death and the severity of symptoms were greater in the third year compared with the first year, as regulation of NPS increased.
Synthesis and antifouling activities of fluorinated polyurethanes
Authors: Qiao Zhuangzhuang , Xu Deqiu , Yao Yan , Song Shaomin , Yin Meihui , Luo Jianbin
Published: April 2019

A series of fluorinated polyurethanes (FPUs) with various contents of fluorinated chain extender (EF) and the same amount of poly(oxytetramethylene glycol) and diphenylmethanediisocyanate were synthesized to explore the relationship between the surface physicochemical properties and bulk microphase separation structures of these FPUs and their antifouling activities against model bacteria and platelets. The bulk microphase separation of FPUs increased with the amount of incorporated EF. It was found that the surfaces of all FPUs were saturated by a layer of fluorocarbon chains which resulted in similar chemical composition and wetting activities for the three kinds of FPUs. The FPUs with lower or similar microphase separation compared with non‐fluorinated polyurethane chain‐extended with 1,4‐butanediol showed similar or even increased adhesion of bacteria and platelets. Notably, FPU with a higher degree of microphase separation than non‐fluorinated polyurethane displayed excellent antifouling activities against both model bacteria and blood platelets. It is therefore concluded that the increased microphase separation of the FPUs results in enhanced antifouling properties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A randomized controlled trial of WATAAP to promote physical activity in colorectal and endometrial cancer survivors
Authors: Maxwell‐Smith Chloé , Hince Dana , Cohen Paul A. , Bulsara Max K. , Boyle Terry , Platell Cameron , Tan Patrick , Levitt Michael , Salama Paul , Tan Jason , Salfinger Stuart , Makin Gregory , Mohan Ganendra Raj Kader Ali , Jiménez‐Castuera Ruth , Hardcastle Sarah J.
Published: April 2019

Objective

The objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology coupled with action planning was effective in increasing physical activity (PA) in colorectal and endometrial cancer survivors at cardiovascular risk.

Methods

Sixty‐eight survivors who had cardiovascular risk factors and were insufficiently active were randomized to intervention and control arms. Intervention participants were given a wearable tracker for 12 weeks, two group sessions, and a support phone call. Participants in the control arm received print materials describing PA guidelines. Assessments at baseline and 12 weeks measured triaxial and uniaxial estimates of moderate‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behaviour, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI).

Results

The intervention group significantly increased MVPA by 45 min/wk compared with a reduction of 21 min/wk in the control group. Group by time interactions were significant for minutes of MVPA (F1,126 = 5.14, P = 0.025). For those with diastolic hypertension, there was a significant group by time interaction (F1,66 = 4.89, P = 0.031) with a net reduction of 9.89 mm Hg in the intervention group.

Conclusions

Significant improvements in MVPA were observed following the intervention. The results display promise for the use of pragmatic, low‐intensity interventions using wearable technology.
Time‐Varying Clearance and Impact of Disease State on the Pharmacokinetics of Avelumab in Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Wilkins Justin J. , Brockhaus Brigitte , Dai Haiqing , Vugmeyster Yulia , White Joleen T. , Brar Satjit , Bello Carlo L. , Neuteboom Berend , Wade Janet R. , Girard Pascal , Khandelwal Akash
Published: April 2019

Avelumab, a human anti–programmed death ligand 1 immunoglobulin G1 antibody, has shown efficacy and manageable safety in multiple tumors. A two‐compartment population pharmacokinetic model for avelumab incorporating intrinsic and extrinsic covariates and time‐varying clearance (CL) was identified based on data from 1,827 patients across three clinical studies. Of 14 tumor types, a decrease in CL over time was more notable in metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, which had maximum decreases of 32.1% and 24.7%, respectively. The magnitude of reduction in CL was higher in responders than in nonresponders. Significant covariate effects of baseline weight, baseline albumin, and sex were identified on both CL and central distribution volume. Significant covariate effects of black/African American race, C‐reactive protein, and immunogenicity were found on CL. None of the covariate or time‐dependent effects were clinically important or warranted dose adjustment.
Effects of topography on in‐canopy transport of gases emitted within dense forests
Authors: Chen Bicheng , Chamecki Marcelo , Katul Gabriel G.
Published: April 2019

The significance of air flow within dense canopies situated on hilly terrain is not in dispute given its relevance to a plethora of applications in meteorology, wind energy, air pollution, atmospheric chemistry and ecology. While the mathematical description of such flows is complex, progress has proceeded through an interplay between experiments, mathematical modelling, and more recently large‐eddy simulations (LESs). In this contribution, LES is used to investigate the topography‐induced changes in the flow field and how these changes propagate to scalar transport within the canopy. The LES runs are conducted for a neutral atmospheric boundary layer above a tall dense forested canopy situated on a train of two‐dimensional sinusoidal hills. The foliage distribution is specified using leaf area density measurements collected in an Amazon rain forest. A series of LES runs with increasing hill amplitude are conducted to disturb the flow from its flat‐terrain state. The LES runs successfully reproduce the recirculation region and the flow separation on the lee‐side of the hill within the canopy region in agreement with prior laboratory and LES studies. Simulation results show that air parcels released inside the canopy have two preferential pathways to escape the canopy region: a “local” pathway similar to that encountered in flat terrain and an “advective” pathway near the flow‐separation region. Further analysis shows that the preferential escape location over the flow‐separation region leads to a “chimney”‐like effect that becomes amplified for air parcel releases near the forest floor. The work here demonstrates that shear‐layer turbulence is the main mechanism exporting air parcels out the canopy for both pathways. However, compared to flat terrain, the mean updraught at the flow separation induced by topography significantly shortens the in‐canopy residence time for air parcels released in the lower canopy, thus enhancing the export fraction of reactive gases.
Nonadiabatic effects in the nuclear probability and flux densities through the fractional Schrödinger equation
Authors: Medina Leidy Y. , Núñez‐Zarur Francisco , Pérez‐Torres Jhon F.
Published: April 2019

Nonadiabatic effects in the nuclear dynamics of the H2+ molecular ion, initiated by ionization of the H2 molecule, is studied by means of the probability and flux distribution functions arising from the space fractional Schrödinger equation. In order to solve the fractional Schrödinger eigenvalue equation, it is shown that the quantum Riesz fractional derivative operator fulfills the usual properties of the quantum momentum operator acting on the bra and ket vectors of the abstract Hilbert space. Then, the fractional Fourier grid Hamiltonian method is implemented and applied to molecular vibrations. The eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of the fractional Schrödinger equation describing the vibrational motion of the H2+ and D2+ molecules are analyzed. In particular, it is shown that the position‐momentum Heisenberg's uncertainty relationship holds independently of the fractional Schrödinger equation. Finally, the probability and flux distributions are presented, demonstrating the applicability of the fractional Schrödinger equation for taking into account nonadiabatic effects.
Integrating Fish Assemblage Data, Modeled Stream Temperatures, and Thermal Tolerance Metrics to Develop Thermal Guilds for Water Temperature Regulation: Wyoming Case Study
Authors: Mandeville Caitlin P. , Rahel Frank J. , Patterson Lindsay S. , Walters Annika W.
Published: April 2019

Many streams are experiencing increased average temperatures due to anthropogenic activity and climate change. As a result, surface water temperature regulation is critical for preserving a diverse stream fish species assemblage. The development of temperature regulations has generally been based on laboratory measurements of individual species' thermal tolerances rather than community response to temperature in the field, despite multiple limitations of using laboratory data for this purpose. Using field data to develop temperature regulations may avoid some of the limitations of laboratory data, but the use of field data comes with additional challenges that prevent its widespread adoption. We used Wyoming stream fish assemblages as a case study to examine the feasibility of addressing the limitations of field and laboratory data through a hybrid approach that integrates both types of data to classify species into thermal guilds that can potentially inform regulatory standards. We identified coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater classes of sites with modeled mean August temperatures of <15.5, 15.5–19.9, and >19.9°C, respectively. We used species' associations with these temperature classes to place species into site‐groups. Finally, we used standardized laboratory measures of species' upper acute and chronic thermal tolerances to identify and reclassify species with unusual thermal distributions. Through this process we classified species into five thermal guilds that may be useful for surface water temperature regulation in Wyoming. Our approach addresses the limitations identified for field and laboratory data and demonstrates a framework that could be used for incorporating multiple types of data to develop temperature standards.
Molecular‐based assessments of tribal and generic limits and relationships in Rubiaceae (Gentianales): Polyphyly of Pomazoteae and paraphyly of Ophiorrhizeae and Ophiorrhiza
Authors: Razafimandimbison Sylvain G. , Rydin Catarina
Published: April 2019

Circumscriptions of the Australasian tribes Ophiorrhizeae and Pomazoteae (Rubiaceae) as well as their generic relationships and limits have long remained unsettled. These tribes were originally delimited by Bremekamp based on the lack of raphides and testa cell patterns (thick‐ versus thin‐walled testa cells, respectively). Some authors have synonymized the two or treated Pomazoteae as a synonym of other tribes despite the fact that the matter has never been sufficiently addressed. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses of Ophiorrhizeae sensu Bremer & Manen (i.e., comprising Coptophyllum, Lerchea, Neurocalyx, Ophiorrhiza, Spiradiclis and Xanthophytum) based on sequence data from four plastid and two nuclear markers. Coptophyllum (= Pomazota, type of Pomazoteae), Lerchea and Xanthophytum together with seven other genera, were traditionally classified in Pomazoteae. We also investigated for the first time the two Pomazoteae genera Keenania and Leptomischus. Our analyses resolved Leptomischus as sister to the Rubioideae tribe Argostemmateae and we here formally classify this genus in that tribe. Ophiorrhizeae sensu Bremer and Manen is paraphyletic with respect to Keenania. Pomazoteae is polyphyletic, with most of its genera (including Coptophyllum) belonging in Ophiorrhizeae. Its tribal status cannot be held. Testa cell patterns are evolutionarily labile, and seem to have no phylogenetic value at tribal level. Our study strongly supports a broadly delimited Ophiorrhizeae that contains mostly suffrutescent herbs. Within Ophiorrhizeae as here defined, Neurocalyx is sister to the rest of the tribe, followed by Xanthophytum. The Coptophyllum‐Lerchea clade is sister to a large clade formed by Keenania, Ophiorrhiza and Spiradiclis. Ophiorrhiza is paraphyletic with respect to Keenania and Spiradiclis, and was resolved in two well‐supported lineages, the Ophiorrhiza‐Keenania and Ophiorrhiza‐Spiradiclis lineages. Accordingly, we formally transferred all validly published names from Keenania and Spiradiclis to Ophiorrhiza, resulting in 40 new combinations and 15 new names.
Phylogeny of the Eurasian genus Jurinea (Asteraceae: Cardueae): Support for a monophyletic genus concept and a first hypothesis on overall species relationships
Authors: Szukala Aglaia , Korotkova Nadja , Gruenstaeudl Michael , Sennikov Alexander N. , Lazkov Georgy A. , Litvinskaya Svetlana A. , Gabrielian Eleonora , Borsch Thomas , von Raab‐Straube Eckhard
Published: April 2019

Jurinea (Asteraceae: Cardueae) is a large Eurasian genus of about 180 species with centres of diversity in Central and Southwest Asia and the eastern Mediterranean. The genus includes many species with adaptations to xero‐ and chasmophytic habitats and comprises numerous endemics, especially in the Caucasus. Generic delimitations between Jurinea and closely related genera have been difficult to assess, as have the phylogenetic relationships with the genera Himalaiella, Jurinella and Lipschitziella, each of which has been suggested as congeneric with Jurinea. A molecular phylogenetic investigation at both the specific and the generic level to establish the generic delimitation of Jurinea and to evaluate the intergeneric relationships of the genus with other members of the Cardueae was hitherto lacking. In this study, we reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships between Jurinea and several closely related genera based on a representative taxon sampling using DNA sequence data of nuclear (ITS, ETS) and plastid DNA regions (trnK/matK, trnL‐F). We also evaluate the infrageneric classification of Jurinea. Our results indicate that Jurinea is polyphyletic in its current circumscription, as the species J. gedrosiaca and J. cartilaginea are placed within the subtribe Centaureineae of the Cardueae. The rest of Jurinea is monophyletic and split into two major clades corresponding to the western and eastern range of the distribution area of the genus. The sister clade of Jurinea is composed of Himalaiella and Lipschitziella. Jurinella, which was segregated from Jurinea based on achene morphology, is congeneric with Jurinea. Like in other speciose Eurasian genera, the currently recognised sections do not reflect natural groups, whereas most clades found through molecular phylogenetic inference correlate with geographic patterns. A clade that exclusively comprises Caucasian endemics, including the narrow endemics of J. sect. Neobellae, was found. This clade represents an interesting study group for possible radiation events of Jurinea in the Caucasus.
Mirror symmetry and elliptic Calabi-Yau manifolds
Authors: Huang Yu-Chien , Taylor Washington
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We find that for many Calabi-Yau threefolds with elliptic or genus one fibrations mirror symmetry factorizes between the fiber and the base of the fibration. In the simplest examples, the generic CY elliptic fibration over any toric base surface B that supports an elliptic Calabi-Yau threefold has a mirror that is an elliptic fibration over a dual toric base surface

$$ \tilde{B} $$

B
˜

that is related through toric geometry to the line bundle −6K

B
. The Kreuzer-Skarke database includes all these examples and gives a wide range of other more complicated constructions where mirror symmetry also factorizes. Since recent evidence suggests that most Calabi-Yau threefolds are elliptic or genus one fibered, this points to a new way of understanding mirror symmetry that may apply to a large fraction of smooth Calabi-Yau threefolds. The factorization structure identified here can also apply for CalabiYau manifolds of higher dimension.
Why Neurotechnologies? About the Purposes, Opportunities and Limitations of Neurotechnologies in Clinical Applications
Authors: Stieglitz Thomas
Published: April 2019

Neurotechnologies describe a field of science and engineering in which the nervous system is interfaced with technical devices. Fundamental research is conducted to explore functions of the brain, decipher the neural code and get a better understanding of diseases and disorders. Risk benefit assessment has been well established in all medical disciplines to treat patients best possible while minimizing jeopardizing their lives by the interventions. Is this set of assessment rules sufficient when the brain will be interfaced with a technical system and is this assessment enough? How will these new technologies change personality and society? This article will shortly review different stakeholders’ opinions and their expectation in the field, assembles information the state-of-the art in medical applications of neurotechnological implants and describes and assesses the fundamental technologies that are used to build up these implants starting with essential requirements of technical materials in contact with living tissue. The different paragraphs guide the reader through the main aspects of neurotechnologies and lay a foundation of knowledge to be able to contribute to the discussion in which cases implants will be beneficial and in which cases we should express serious concerns.
High-speed shear-driven dynamos. Part 1. Asymptotic analysis
Authors: Deguchi Kengo
Published: April 2019

Rational large Reynolds number matched asymptotic expansions of three-dimensional nonlinear magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) states are the concern of this contribution. The nonlinear MHD states, assumed to be predominantly driven by a unidirectional shear, can be sustained without any linear instability of the base flow and hence are responsible for subcritical transition to turbulence. Two classes of nonlinear MHD states are found. The first class of nonlinear states emerged out of a nice combination of the purely hydrodynamic vortex/wave interaction theory by Hall & Smith (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 227, 1991, pp. 641–666) and the resonant absorption theories on Alfvén waves, developed in the solar physics community (e.g. Sakurai et al. Solar Phys., vol. 133, 1991, pp. 227–245; Goossens et al. Solar Phys., vol. 157, 1995, pp. 75–102). Similar to the hydrodynamic theory, the mechanism of the MHD states can be explained by the successive interaction of the roll, streak and wave fields, which are now defined both for the hydrodynamic and magnetic fields. The derivation of this ‘vortex/Alfvén wave interaction’ state is rather straightforward as the scalings for both of the hydrodynamic and magnetic fields are identical. It turns out that the leading-order magnetic field of the asymptotic states appears only when a small external magnetic field is present. However, it does not mean that purely shear-driven dynamos are not possible. In fact, the second class of ‘self-sustained shear-driven dynamo theory’ shows a magnetic generation that is slightly smaller in size in the absence of any external field. Despite its small size, the magnetic field causes the novel feedback mechanism in the velocity field through resonant absorption, wherein the magnetic wave becomes more strongly amplified than the hydrodynamic counterpart.
Patterns and drivers of genetic diversity and structure in the biological control parasitoidHabrobracon hebetorin Niger
Authors: Garba M. , Loiseau A. , Tatard C. , Benoit L. , Gauthier N.
Published: April 2019

When a promising natural enemy of a key pest exists locally, it is a common practice in biological control (BC) to rear and release it for supplementary control in the targeted agroecosystem even though significant knowledge gaps concerning pre/post release may still exist. Incorporating genetic information into BC research fills some of these gaps.Habrobracon hebetor, a parasitoid of many economically important moths that infest stored and field crops worldwide is commonly used, particularly against the millet head miner (MHM), a key pest of millet in Sahelian countries. To advance our knowledge on howH. hebetorthat occurs naturally in open-field cropping systems and grain stores as well as being mass-produced and released for MHM control, performs in millet agroecosystems in Niger we evaluated its population genetics using two mitochondrial and 21 microsatellite markers. The field samples were genetically more diverse and displayed heterozygote excess. Very few field samples had faced significant recent demographic bottlenecks. The mating system (i.e. nonrandom mating with complementary sex determination) of this species may be the major driver of these findings rather than bottlenecks caused by the small number of individuals released and the scarcity of hosts during the longlasting dry season in Niger.H. hebetorpopulation structure was represented by several small patches and genetically distinct individuals. Gene flow occurred at local and regional scales through human-mediated and natural short-distance dispersal. These findings highlight the importance of the mating system in the genetic diversity and structure ofH. hebetorpopulations, and contribute to our understanding of its reported efficacy against MHM in pearl millet fields.
Empathy with the Devil: Movement, Kinesthesia, and Affect inThe Castle of Perseverance
Authors: Wright Clare
Published: April 2019

In 1997 Claire Sponsler argued that, contrary to conventional interpretations, the anarchic, disruptive bodies of sin in medieval morality plays do not “unproblematically and unilaterally lead to the ratification of virtue over vice.” Instead, “the memory of the pleasures of misbehavior, of the satisfactions that come from unruly bodies allowed free rein” lingered with spectators to the extent that any “attempts made by these plays to bring misbehavior to a halt look highly unsatisfactory and incomplete.” For Sponsler, the powerful allure of vice performed was such that morality plays would have been unable fully “to negate the charms of misgovernance” they enacted. In this article, however, I want to argue against Sponsler's assumption and investigate how one English morality play,The Castle of Perseverance, understood very well the allure of performed sin and actively cultivated it as part of its dramaturgical and didactic strategies. All morality plays, as Sponsler observes, use representations of “disorderly behavior grounded in the misuse of bodies and commodities,” investing these figures of sin “with remarkable energy, interest, and vitality, so much so that the vices are … very seductive.”The Castleis no exception, and the vast majority of its roughly three thousand lines are spoken by the Three Enemies of Man and their affiliated Sins. In addition, the playtext also provides unusually rich, detailed descriptions of how these spiritual enemies and sins should move around the performance space. Drawing on the theory of kinesthetic empathy, I examine the kinesic dimension of these “unruly bodies” and argue, contrary to Sponsler, that it is their presence, and the audience's own embodied responses to them, that deepens and enhances, rather than detracts from, the play's moral message.
The effect of caloric restriction on working memory in healthy non-obese adults
Authors: Leclerc Emilie , Trevizol Alisson Paulino , Grigolon Ruth B. , Subramaniapillai Mehala , McIntyre Roger S. , Brietzke Elisa , Mansur Rodrigo B.
Published: April 2019

Objective.

We aim to evaluate the effect of caloric restriction (CR) in cognition by comparing performance in neuropsychological tests for working memory between a group of non-obese healthy subjects doing CR for 2 years with another consuming ad libitum diet (AL).

Methods.

This study was part of a larger multicenter trial called CALERIE that consisted of a randomized clinical trial with parallel-group comparing 2 years of 25% CR and AL in 220 volunteers with a BMI between 22 and 28 kg/m2, across 3 sites. The cognitive tests used were the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery (CANTAB) for Spatial Working Memory (SWM) including the total number of errors (SWMTE) and strategy (SWMS). Included as possible moderators were sleep quality, mood states, perceived stress, and energy expenditure. Analyses were performed at baseline and months 12 and 24.

Results.

After adjustments, there was a significantly greater improvement in working memory assessed by the SWM for CR individuals, compared to AL. At month 24, it was related mostly to lower protein intake, compared to other macronutrients. Changes in SWM were moderated by changes in sleep quality, physical activity, and energy expenditure.

Conclusion.

On the long term, CR in healthy individuals seems to have a slightly positive effect on working memory. The study of brain CR targets opens new possibilities to prevent and treat cognitive deficits.
Left rostrolateral prefrontal cortex lesions reduce suicidal ideation in penetrating traumatic brain injury
Authors: Pardini Matteo , Grafman Jordan , Raymont Vanessa , Amore Mario , Serafini Gianluca , Koenigs Michael , Krueger Frank
Published: April 2019

Objectives.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between suicidal ideation (SI), structural brain damage, and cognitive deficits in patients with penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI).

Methods.

Vietnam War veterans (n= 142) with pTBI to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) underwent combination of neuropsychological and psychiatric examinations and non-contrast CT brain scan. Patients were divided into SI positive (SI+) and SI negative (SI−) groups according to the SI item of the Beck Depression Inventory.

Results.

Lesions to the left rostrolateral PFC (rlPFC) were associated with alower riskof SI independent of depression and global functioning. Left rlPFC lesion also reduced abstract reasoning skills, which mediated the lesion effects on suicide ideation.

Conclusions.

The left rlPFC plays a crucial role in SI independently of depression and global functioning.
Portable X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Tool for Cyclostratigraphy
Authors: Saker‐Clark Matthew , Kemp David B. , Coe Angela L.
Published: April 2019

Cyclostratigraphic studies are used to create relative and high‐resolution time scales for sedimentary successions based on identification of regular cycles in climate proxy data. This method typically requires the construction of long, high‐resolution data sets. In this study, we have demonstrated the efficacy of portable X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF) as a nondestructive method of generating compositional data for cyclostratigraphy. The rapidity (100 samples per day) and low cost of pXRF measurements provide advantages over relatively time‐consuming and costly elemental and stable isotopic measurements that are commonly used for cyclostratigraphy. The nondestructive nature of pXRF also allows other geochemical analyses on the same samples. We present an optimized protocol for pXRF elemental concentration measurement in powdered rocks. The efficacy of this protocol for cyclostratigraphy is demonstrated through analysis of 360 Toarcian mudrock samples from North Yorkshire, UK, that were previously shown to exhibit astronomical forcing of [CaCO3], [S], and δ13Corg. Our study is the first to statistically compare the cyclostratigraphic results of pXRF analysis with more established combustion analysis. There are strong linear correlations of pXRF [Ca] with dry combustion elemental analyzer [CaCO3] (r2 = 0.7616) and of pXRF [S] and [Fe] with dry combustion elemental analyzer [S] (r2 = 0.9632 and r2 = 0.9274, respectively). Spectral and cross‐spectral analyses demonstrate that cyclicity previously recognized in [S], significant above the 99.99% confidence level, is present above the 99.92% and 99.99% confidence levels in pXRF [S] and [Fe] data, respectively. Cyclicity present in [CaCO3] data above the 99.96% confidence level is also present in pXRF [Ca] above the 98.12% confidence level.
Seasonal Variations of Low‐Latitude Migrating and Nonmigrating Diurnal and Semidiurnal Tides in TIMED‐SABER Temperature and Their Relationship With Source Variations
Authors: Sridharan S.
Published: April 2019

Seasonal and source variations of migrating and nonmigrating tides are studied using Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics‐Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry temperature data at 10°N (5–15°N) for the year 2009. The migrating DW1 shows equinoctial maximum and summer minimum at low latitudes. It shows equinoctial asymmetry with larger amplitudes during spring equinox than fall equinox. The migrating semidiurnal tidal amplitude (SW2) shows larger amplitudes (~20 K) during March–October at 30–60°S. Its seasonal variation resembles stratospheric (10 hPa) ozone variations at southern midlatitudes. During the sudden stratospheric warming of 2009, the SW1 shows larger amplitudes over the equator and it is generated due to nonlinear interaction between SW2 and planetary wave of zonal wave number 1. The eastward nonmigrating DE4 and DE3 tides enhance in summer. The DE3 and DE4 appear to be generated due to latent heat release in the troposphere, as their amplitudes in the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)'s Precipitable water vapor (proxy for latent heat release) enhance at similar times as in mesosphere. The DW2 and DW0 tides are likely to be generated due to nonlinear interaction between DW1 and planetary wave of zonal wave number 1. The SW3 enhancement during the early winter (November‐December) may be due to nonlinear interaction between DW1 and the large‐amplitude DW2. The nonlinear interactions of DW1 with planetary wave and nonmigrating tides explain the summer minimum and equinoctial asymmetry of DW1.
Episodic Reef Growth in the Northern South China Sea linked to Warm Climate During the Past 7,000 Years: Potential for Future Coral Refugia
Authors: Yan Shuang , Zhao Jian‐xin , Lau A. .Y. Annie , Roff George , Leonard Nicole D. , Clark Tara R. , Nguyen Ai D. , Feng Yue‐xing , Wei Gangjian , Deng Wenfeng , Chen Xuefei
Published: April 2019

High‐precision uranium‐thorium (U‐Th) dating of dead branching corals from Luhuitou reef, Sanya, northern South China Sea indicates that the reef framework grew episodically over the past 7,000 years. Episodes of coral reef growth (“switch‐on” phases) occurred in response to regional warming during the mid‐Holocene Climate Optimum, Medieval Warm Period, and Current Warm Period, when the East Asian summer monsoon was strong and the East Asian winter monsoon was weak. In contrast, episodes when reef growth dramatically slowed or ceased (“switch‐off” phases) occurred during comparatively cold periods (e.g., Dark Age Cold Period and Little Ice Age) and are linked to abrupt weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon and concurrent strengthening of the East Asian winter monsoon. In the context of global warming, the northern South China Sea may become an important refugium for coral reef growth of up to 2 °C above present, but only if local anthropogenic pressures are reduced.
An Evaluation of the Ocean and Sea Ice Climate of E3SM Using MPAS and Interannual CORE‐II Forcing
Authors: Petersen Mark R. , Asay‐Davis Xylar S. , Berres Anne S. , Chen Qingshan , Feige Nils , Hoffman Matthew J. , Jacobsen Douglas W. , Jones Philip W. , Maltrud Mathew E. , Price Stephen F. , Ringler Todd D. , Streletz Gregory J. , Turner Adrian K. , Van Roekel Luke P. , Veneziani Milena , Wolfe Jonathan D. , Wolfram Phillip J. , Woodring Jonathan L.
Published: April 2019

The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) is a new coupled Earth system model sponsored by the U.S Department of Energy. Here we present E3SM global simulations using active ocean and sea ice that are driven by the Coordinated Ocean‐ice Reference Experiments II (CORE‐II) interannual atmospheric forcing data set. The E3SM ocean and sea ice components are MPAS‐Ocean and MPAS‐Seaice, which use the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) framework and run on unstructured horizontal meshes. For this study, grid cells vary from 30 to 60 km for the low‐resolution mesh and 6 to 18 km at high resolution. The vertical grid is a structured z‐star coordinate and uses 60 and 80 layers for low and high resolution, respectively. The lower‐resolution simulation was run for five CORE cycles (310 years) with little drift in sea surface temperature (SST) or heat content. The meridional heat transport (MHT) is within observational range, while the meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N is low compared to observations. The largest temperature biases occur in the Labrador Sea and western boundary currents (WBCs), and the mixed layer is deeper than observations at northern high latitudes in the winter months. In the Antarctic, maximum mixed layer depths (MLD) compare well with observations, but the spatial MLD pattern is shifted relative to observations. Sea ice extent, volume, and concentration agree well with observations. At high resolution, the sea surface height compares well with satellite observations in mean and variability.
Old Idea Spurs New Research into Origins of Carbonate Mudstones
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: April 2019

Using modern techniques, scientists tested an old hypothesis about carbonate mud production to shift the thinking about rocks that are used as seawater archives and a source of petroleum.
Decadal Changes in Glacial Discharge in the High Alps
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: April 2019

A new statistical analysis of daily, glacial runoff cycles offers a unique way of examining how Alpine glaciers have responded since the onset of rapid regional warming in the 1980s.
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Searches for a New Home
Authors: Loomis Ilima
Published: April 2019

Seismic activity during the eruption of Kīlauea damaged the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory beyond repair. Now officials are looking for a new site.
Take Weather Prediction with a Grain of Salt and It Gets Better
Authors: den Hond Bas
Published: April 2019

Sea surface salinity is starting to rival other methods for seasonal rain forecasting.
Space Force Proposal Hits Counterforce in Senate Hearing
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: April 2019

Senators agree that the United States needs to be better prepared to defend itself in the space domain, but they are skeptical about a proposed dedicated space force.
Fractionation Behavior of Chromium Isotopes during the Sorption of Cr (VI) on Kaolin and its Implications for Using Black Shales as a Paleoredox Archive
Authors: Frank Anja B. , Klaebe Robert M. , Frei Robert
Published: April 2019

Chromium stable isotope variations in marine black shales are increasingly used to constrain redox changes though time. However, how well black shale δ53Cr values represent ambient seawater δ53Cr values is difficult to assess as black shales contain both detrital and authigenic mineral phases, of which only authigenic phases are expected to mirror seawater, while detrital silicate phases are expected to show igneous δ53Cr values. In order to correct for detrital contamination, it is thus imperative to know whether detrital minerals are in fact characterized by igneous δ53Cr values. To investigate this further, three sets of Cr (VI) batch sorption experiments were conducted, reacting kaolin with (1) with a synthetic Cr (VI) solution, (2) with Cr (VI) doped river water, and (3) with Cr (VI) doped seawater. Further, sequential leaches were applied to reacted kaolin to evaluate how well sorbed Cr (VI) can be leached. The experiments revealed that Cr (VI) readily sorbs on kaolin, changing its Cr concentration and isotopic composition. In river water, kaolin sorbed up to 36 μg of Cr (VI) per gram of kaolin and recorded a negative offset in bulk δ53Cr of up to 0.26‰ relative to unreacted kaolin, while no sorption was observed in seawater. Our leaching experiments revealed that already a weak acid leach (0.5M HCl) readily mobilizes some of the sorbed Cr from kaolin, which when applied to black shales will likely contaminate leachates designed to release authigenic Cr. This has major implications for the application of Cr stable isotopes in black shales as marine paleoredox archives.
On the Long Lasting “C‐Type” Structures in the Sodium Lidargram: The Lifetime of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Billows in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region
Authors: Mondal S. , Sarkhel S. , Agarwal Jay , Chakrabarty D. , Sekar R. , Yuan Tao , Cai Xuguang , Liu Alan Z. , Nozawa Satonori , Saito Norihito , Kawahara Takuya D. , Mlynczak Martin G. , Russell James M.
Published: April 2019

In order to understand the characteristics of long‐lasting “C‐type” structure in the Sodium (Na) lidargram, six cases from different observational locations have been analyzed. The Na lidargram, collected from low‐, middle‐, and high‐latitude sites, show long lifetime of the C‐type structures which is believed to be the manifestation of Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) billows in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region. In order to explore the characteristics of the long‐lasting C‐type structures, the altitude profile of square of Brunt‐Väisälä frequency in the MLT region has been derived using the temperature profile collected from the Na lidar instruments and the SABER instrument onboard TIMED satellite. It is found to be positive in the C‐type structure region for all the six cases which indicates that the regions are convectively stable. Simultaneous wind measurements, which allowed us to calculate the Richardson numbers and Reynolds numbers for three cases, suggest that the regions where the C‐type structure appeared were dynamically stable and nonturbulent. This paper brings out a hypothesis wherein the low temperature can increase the magnitude of the Prandtl number and convectively stable atmospheric region can cause the magnitude of Reynolds number to decrease. As a consequence, the remnant of previously generated KH billows in nearly “frozen‐in” condition can be advected through this conducive region to a different location by the background wind where they can sustain for a long time without much deformation. These long‐lived KH billows in the MLT region will eventually manifest the long‐lasting C‐type structures in the Na lidargram.
Engineering of Yin Yang-like nanocarriers for varisized guest delivery and synergistic eradication of patient-derived hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Xiangjun , Zhang Xiuping , Li Shengnan , Zhang Lingyu , Zhang Qi , Chen Zhenhua , Li Lu , Su Zhong-Min , Cheng Shuqun , Wang Chungang
Published: April 2019

The Yin Yang-like oleic acid-NaYF4:Yb,Er@hollow porous SiO2nanoparticles (NPs) with discrete hydrophilic/hydrophobic multi compartments are prepared, which achieve loading of the multiple varisized hydrophilic/hydrophobic guests.
Formation of CaUO2(CO3)32−and Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) complexes at variable temperatures (10–70 °C)
Authors: Jo Yongheum , Kirishima Akira , Kimuro Shingo , Kim Hee-Kyung , Yun Jong-Il
Published: April 2019

The ternary complexation of calcium uranyl tricarbonate species, CaUO2(CO3)32−and Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq), which are the predominant U(vi) complexes in groundwater and seawater, was investigated at variable temperatures from 10 to 70 °C.
Synthesis of gasoline and jet fuel range cycloalkanes and aromatics from poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste
Authors: Tang Hao , Li Ning , Li Guangyi , Wang Aiqin , Cong Yu , Xu Guoliang , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2019

Gasoline and jet fuel range C7–C8 cycloalkanes and aromatics were synthesized for the first time in high overall yield (∼95%) from poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste.
Systematic rim cyano-functionalization of pillar[5]arene and corresponding host–guest property varieties
Authors: Wang Guo , Qiang Hui , Guo Yun-Zhe , Yang Jie , Wen Ke , Hu Wei-Bo
Published: April 2019

Synthetic investigation of the systematic replacement of alkoxy groups in pillar[5]arene by cyano ones was carried out. Host–guest property studies ofnCN-pillar[5]arenes and 1,4-dicyanobutane showed the functionization number related host–guest interaction varieties.