bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imiona Gai. Myśląc o końcu antropocenu
Authors: Sugiera Małgorzata
Published: March 2022

Gaïa’s names: Thinking about the end of AnthropoceneA debate about a new era in the history of the Earth has been under way for almost two decades, but it has focused merely on an adequate naming and scientifically verifiable dating of that period. What has been written about the Anthropocene lays bare specificity of methodologies and approaches of various research fields, but above all demonstrates locality and situatedness of knowledge produced within each of them. The article starts with recalling a few remedies to catastrophic after-effects of the techno-scientific progress proposed by Isabelle Stangers, Donna Haraway, and Bruno Latour, who refer to chthonic powers. Although they give these powers the same name Gaïa, each of them differently defines an open-ended and emergent system of symbiotic relationships which was described by the British physiologist James Lovelock in the late 1970s. Next, the article presents the most important concepts of the new era that compete with the term “Anthropocene”: Capitalocene Jason W. Moore, Necrocene Justin McBrien, and Plantatiocene Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing. Finally the article focuses on Donna Haraway’s idea of prospective and speculative fabulation Staying with Trouble, 2016. Haraway outlines a future after the Anthropocene, speculating about how to salvage naturecultural variability. She offers a radical redefinition of relationships between humans and others critters, biotic and abiotic agencies. She does not focus extensively, however, on holobionts in border area of biology and modern technologies which emerge in such contemporary projects as Species Series of an Corean artist Wonbin Yanga 2012, analysed in the paper.
Antropocen/strategie oporu. Geomorficzny projekt Renza Piano
Authors: Ubertowska Aleksandra
Published: March 2022

Anthropocene/strategies of resistance: The geomorphic project by Renzo Piano The author aims to outline the strategies of resistance against the Anthropocene focusing on two philosophical concepts: the of “geostory” by Bruno Latour and the of “hyperobjects” introduced recently to the ecocriticism by Timothy Morton. In the second part of her text Ubertowska analyses the example of eco-architecture Zentrum Paul Klee in Bern designed by Renzo Piano examining how the idea of hyperobjects can be applied in the work of art.
Witajcie w Polocenie. Polskie konteksty walki z katastrofą na przykładzie literatury okołopowodziowej po roku 1945
Authors: Barcz Anna
Published: March 2022

Welcome to the Polocene: Polish aspects of fighting with floods as exemplified in literature after 1945The aim of the article is to localise the representative examples of cultural models of behaviour and ways of adapting to the hazardous environmental changes. It is discussed on the basis of so called flood narratives in Polish literature such as Tomasz Różycki’s Bestiarium 2012 and Maciej Płaza’s Skoruń 2015. The author puts a question about the function of the polonocentric, combative model as a pattern of behaviour that emerges from these texts, as well as about the role of catholic religion in the society who cannot cope with more and more unpredictable catastrophic threats like the flood. The author concludes that this situation is culturally contextualised and results in the social inability to accept a new ecological paradigm in the space and landscape management.
La lucha guerrillera en la obra de José Herrera Petere: „Cumbres de Extremadura y Carpio de Tajo”
Authors: Ramírez Morcillo Roberto Carlos
Published: March 2022

The guerrilla struggle in the work of José Herrera Petere: Cumbres de Extremadura and Carpio de TajoThe main objective of the article is to understand the roots of compromise literature in condition of war and exile in the writing of Spanish author José Herrera Petere Guadalajara, 1909–Geneva, 1977 during Spanish War and Franco dictatorship. The analysis, conducted from cultural studies and literary historiography perspectives, is based on two books: Cumbres de Extremadura and Carpio de Tajo and their social, cultural and political contexts. Therefore Cumbres de Extremadura, considered to be his best novel, shows Petere’s committed writing on anti-fascists guerrilla and idealistic approach to the communist party. This novel stage adaptation, drama Carpio de Tajo, also shows the value of guerillas fight against fascism, but also represents the solitude and ideological breakdown of his exile. In a sort, social, cultural and political contexts of these books demonstrate how strong was the attraction of Spanish intellectuals as Herrera Petere to communist ideas making a radical transformation from surrealism to social realistic writing.
Wszczęcie i data zakończenia postępowania w przedmiocie wykonania kary ograniczenia wolności
Authors: Kalisz Tomasz
Published: March 2022

The instigation and closure of the proceedings concerning the enforcement of restriction of libertyThe paper focuses on the problems associated with the instigation and closure of enforcement proceedings concerning restriction of liberty. In the case of restriction of liberty, the moments in question are regulated by several separate provisions: Article 57a of the Criminal Enforcement Code, Article 64 of the Criminal Enforcement Code and Article 83 of the Criminal Code. The starting date of the restriction of liberty sentence period is by no means obvious and leads to very individual problems. Precise indication of this date is crucial to the determination of the date of the end of the sentence period as well as legal consequences associated with this date.
Zasady orzekania kary ograniczenia wolności — wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Lachowski Jerzy
Published: March 2022

Principles of restriction of liberty sentencing — selected issuesThe paper focuses on the principles of restriction of liberty sentencing as defined in the Criminal Code, especial in view of the significant changes in this respect that oc­curred in 2015–2016. This most flexible of criminal remedies gives rise to a number of problems as its individual content is constructed. From the moment of the entry into force of the Criminal Code of 6 June 1997 until now the regulations referring to restriction of liberty have evolved considerably. On the one hand, the evolution has involved a gradual transfer of increasingly broad powers to probation officers during sentence enforcement, on the other it has concerned regulations applying to the content and form of this remedy. Generally, restriction of liberty has been gradually imbued with probational elements. Ultimately, it is a sanction the correct application of which requires a lot of attention and gives rise to a range of legal and organisational challenges.
Using graphic productions for identification purposes, and psychological and pedagogical diagnosis
Authors: Zieniewicz Iwona
Published: March 2022

The problem raised is important inasmuch as drawing conclusions from handwriting may, in many cases, determine aperson’s fate, which does not only involve opinion mak­ing in criminal or civil cases, but also those related to applying arelevant therapy to aper­son with mental function disorders, or psychiatric and neurological disorders; to proper guidance on achild’s school career or anadult person’s professional career development; to apossibility of undertaking aparticular action, etc. It shall also be highlighted that the following reflections present Polish realities with regard to the raised problems, and they also show some controversies which arise with regard to the selected cognitive methods. The present publication is primarily addressed to practitioners, i.e. persons who – for their professional reasons – hire handwriting experts, and evaluate the opinions issued by such experts, meaning the broadly understood judicial bodies. It can also serve as a teaching aid for students attending forensic, criminal or civil procedure courses.
Selected issues of penalisation in penal economic law. Remarks on the crimes against economic circulation Chapter XXXVI of Criminal Code
Authors: Ochman Piotr
Published: March 2022

The study examines the present model of penalty sanctions for crimes against eco­nomic circulation defined in chapter XXXVI of the Criminal Code. It also presents insti­tutions allowing to toughen or mitigate the repression in that field. In the given norma­tive context, the judicial system in cases of crimes against economic circulation Chap­ter XXXVI Criminal Code in the years 2010–2015 was analyzed.
Tongue Hyperpigmentation Associated with Temozolomide as a Single Agent: Case Report
Authors: Gil Lúcia Moreira , Marques Joana , Salgado Duarte
Published: March 2022

Hyperpigmentation of the tongue has been associated with chemotherapy, specifically cytotoxic drugs, but the exact pathophysiological mechanism is still not well understood. We describe a 37-year-old black woman that presented with tongue hyperpigmentation one week after the initiation of chemotherapy with temozolomide as a single agent. No cases of tongue hyperpigmentation associated with temozolomide as a single agent have been reported before. The diagnosis of drug associated pigmentary changes is based on the confirmation the onset of the clinical observations shortly after the initiation of the chemotherapy agent. The tongue hyperpigmentation is usually self-limited. This case constitutes a challenge for healthcare professionals and patients and emphasizes the importance of documenting these cases in order to guide healthcare professionals in managing the expectations of the patients and the potential adverse effects associated with certain drugs.
Impact of Using CSS PHY and RTS/CTS Combined with Frame Concatenation in the IEEE 802.15.4 Non-Beacon Enabled Mode Performance
Authors: Barroca Norberto , Borges Luís M. , Velez Fernando José , Chatzimisios Periklis
Published: March 2022

This paper studies the performance improvement of the IEEE 802.15.4 nonbeacon-enabled mode originated by the inclusion of the Request-To-Send/Clear-To-Send (RTS/CTS) handshake mechanism resulting in frame concatenation. Under IEEE 802.15.4 employing RTS/CTS, the backoff procedure is not repeated for each data frame sent but only for each RTS/CTS set. The maximum throughput and minimum delay performance are mathematically derived for both the Chirp Spread Spectrum and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Physical layers for the 2.4 GHz band. Results show that the utilization of RTS/CTS significantly enhances the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 applied to healthcare in terms of bandwidth efficiency.
Research on Yak Body Ruler and Weight Measurement Method Based on Deep Learning and Binocular Vision
Authors: Wang Wenzhi , Zhang Yuan , He Jie , Chen Zhanqi , Li Dan , Ma Chong , Ba Yang , Baima Qiucuo , Li Xiaoqin , Song Rende
Published: March 2022

In order to solve the labor-intensive and time-consuming problem in the process of measuring yak body ruler and weight in yak breeding industry in Qinghai Province, a non-contact method for measuring yak body ruler and weight was proposed in this experiment, and key technologies based on semantic segmentation, binocular ranging and neural network algorithm were studied to boost the development of yak breeding industry in Qinghai Province. Main conclusions: (1) Study yak foreground image extraction, and implement yak foreground image extraction model based on U-net algorithm; select 2263 yak images for experiment, and verify that the accuracy of the model in yak image extraction is over 97%. (2) Develop an algorithm for estimating yak body ruler based on binocular vision, and use the extraction algorithm of yak body ruler related measurement points combined with depth image to estimate yak body ruler. The final test shows that the average estimation error of body height and body oblique length is 2.6%, and the average estimation error of chest depth is 5.94%. (3) Study the yak weight prediction model; select the body height, body oblique length and chest depth obtained by binocular vision to estimate the yak weight; use two algorithms to establish the yak weight prediction model, and verify that the average estimation error of the model for yak weight is 10.7% and 13.01% respectively.
A New Technique to Repair Large Bone Defects
Authors: Tanaka Takaaki , Komaki Hirokazu , Inagaki Naoya , Akiyama Shoshi , Saito Mitsuru
Published: March 2022

It is very difficult to repair large bone defects, especially when they have a complex shape. We have developed a new technique to make a desired copy of rabbit bones. A rabbit distal femur was scanned by computed tomography (CT), and a rectangular-shaped beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) block with 75% porosity was automatically machined using milling tools into a half-scale copy of the distal femur based on the CT data. The β-TCP block was seeded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone marrow cells obtained from the femur and implanted on the periosteum of the femur. At 10 weeks after implantation, most of the β-TCP block had been replaced by bone and a complete copy of the distal femur was reconstructed. Our findings indicate that this technique will be useful in the clinical setting. We also report the representative clinical results of treatment with β-TCP graft in patients with bone defects since 1989.
Traumatic Fibular Loss Managed with a Free Vascularized Fibular Graft
Authors: Hartnett Davis A. , Milner John D. , Salameh Motasem , Got Christopher J. , Blankenhorn Brad D.
Published: March 2022

Case:

A 25-year-old man involved in a jet skiing accident experienced a traumatic excision of his distal fibula in conjunction with other lower extremity injuries. He subsequently underwent a reconstruction of his lateral malleolus using an ipsilateral free vascularized fibular graft (FVFG) from his proximal fibular shaft, resulting in a preserved and stabilized ankle joint at 1 year.

Conclusion:

Traumatic distal fibular excision is a rare injury that can be successfully managed using an FVFG, with fusion of the distal syndesmosis and a symmetric ankle mortise observed at the 1-year follow-up.
Loess Is More: Field Investigation and Slope Stability Analysis of the Tanana 440 Landslide, Interior Alaska
Authors: Schwarber Jaimy A. , Darrow Margaret M. , Daanen Ronald P. , Stevens De Anne S. P.
Published: March 2022

Landslides are geologic hazards that threaten human life, property, and infrastructure. Proper mitigation requires knowledge of where landslides occurred in the past. Until recently, no landslide inventory maps had been published for any area of Alaska. Here, we present a short overview of landslide mapping within the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB), Alaska, and a focused investigation of the Tanana 440 (T440) landslide. We mapped 1,679 landslides and field-verified 51 landslides within the FNSB. These landslides vary in age, movement type, and material. We present the results of in-depth mapping; subsurface exploration; soil engineering properties, including results of direct shear testing; and slope stability analysis of the T440 landslide, which we determined is a flow slide in loess that occurred during the late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene. We modeled seven slope stability scenarios for the T440 landslide by varying water table position and seismic load. Our modeling results suggest that thawing permafrost and/or seismic loading were likely possible triggers for the T440 landslide. To our knowledge, we present the first comprehensive direct shear testing of non-plastic silt with a variation in moisture content and the first comparison of direct shear and field vane shear measurements of silt. The average cohesion and internal friction angle of the wetted remolded silt were 3.0 kPa and 23.1°, respectively. These values did not significantly change with increasing moisture content. The direct shear and vane shear strengths of silt had low correlation (R2 = 0.20), unlike the strong correlation that is typical of clay soils.
Nomogram predicting overall survival after surgical resection for retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma patients
Authors: Zhuang Aobo , Zhang Yong , Fang Yuan , Ma Lijie , Lu Weiqi , Tong Hanxing
Published: March 2022

Aim: To develop a survival nomogram for patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma (RLMS) after surgery. Methods: 118 patients with RLMS after surgical resection at the General Surgery Department, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. The nomogram was constructed based on COX regression model and discrimination was assessed using the concordance index (c-index). The predicted and actual survival was evaluated through calibration plots. Results: The c-index of the nomogram was 0.779 (95% CI, 0.659-0.898). The predicted and actual survival probabilities are in good agreement in all calibration curve.Conclusion: This study built the first survival nomogram for patients with surgical resected RLMS.
Assessment of Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism in Young Men with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Zhao Jianming , Wang Biying , Huang Jiefeng , Xie Hansheng , Chen Menglan , Chen Gongping
Published: March 2022

Background: Hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients during sleep may have an effect on bone metabolism. Few data regarding evaluation of bone metabolism in young individuals diagnosed with OSA. In this study, we aim to identify the association between bone mineral density and OSA in young men (≤40 years old of age). Methods: Consecutive male subjects who underwent polysomnography were enrolled. Serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3, β-isomerized form C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, osteocalcin and procollagen type 1 N-propeptide were measured in all participants, and bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck and hip total were determined by dual energy X-ray absorption (DXA). Results: The population consisted of 85 subjects (mean age 35.53 years). The BMD at lumbar spine (L1-L4) in moderate OSA patients was higher than control and severe OSA group significantly (p=0.036). After adjustment for confounding factors, stepwise multiple linear regression analyses showed LaSO2 (β = 0.340, p = 0.008) as an independent explanatory variable for Lumbar L1–L4 BMD, LaSO2 (β =0.304, p = 0.037), BMI (β = 0.393, p = 0.008) for femur neck BMD and BMI (β = 0.720, p = 0.002) for hip total BMD. Conclusion: Our finding indicates that there is a relationship between OSA and bone metabolism in younger men, suggesting OSA-related hypoxia was a protective factor for BMD, especially in moderate OSA group (10≤ AHI <50 events/h). And it also found that the different degree of recurrent hypoxia make different effect on bone metabolism, which need further investigation.
Distributions, Compositions, And Ecological Risk Assessment Of Typical Pollutants In Surface Sediment Of Xihe River, China
Authors: Sun Xun , Yan Zheng , Ke Xin
Published: March 2022

Distributions and compositions of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), eight phenol compounds and seven heavy metals in riverbed sediments of the Xihe River in Shenyang, China. The ecological risks of these typical pollutants were investigated and evaluated based on the risk quotient (RQ) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) methods. The concentrations of total ∑6PAEs, ∑8phenols and ∑7heavy metals in sediments varied from 92.83 to 293.66 μg/g dw, 8.87 to 83.73 μg/g dw and 0.46 to 419μg/g dw. The main pollutants in Xihe River sediments are DEHP, DIBP, phenol, P-methylphenol and Cd. More than half target PAEs and phenol compounds in sediment of the Xihe River exhibited medium or high ecological risk. Cd poses a very high ecological risk to the Xihe River Basin. It is imperative to take some effective measures to reduce the pollution of those contaminants.
The genetic diversity of Asplenium viride (Aspleniaceae) fern colonizing heavy metal-polluted sites
Authors: Woch Marcin W Wiktor , Woch Marcin W. , Migdałek Grzegorz , Jedrzejczyk Iwona , Podsiedlik Marek , Stefanowicz Anna M.
Published: March 2022

Heavy metals can affect the morphology, physiology and evolution of plants. Asplenium viride is a diploid species, belonging to the largest genus of the cosmopolitan fern family Aspleniaceae, and occurring on various types of alkaline rocks. It is known to colonize sites with high concentrations of heavy metals, exhibiting changes in frond morphology. Microevolutionary processes, manifesting as changes in genome size and new genotype formation, can ultimately lead to the formation of new subspecies and speciation. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and genetic diversity of A. viride, and to test for a potential correlation between variability and heavy metal concentration. Analysis of A. viride specimens, from one metalliferous site and five non-metalliferous localities, showed no apparent variation in genome size between plants from affected and non-affected sites. There was no significant correlation between genetic variability and heavy metal concentration. This was possibly due to intragametophytic selfing, caused by patchy habitats and subsequent founder effects, resulting from long-distance colonization by single spores.
Metabolomic biomarkers related to non-suicidal self-injury in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Ren Yan , Guo Xiangjie , Jia Jiao , Zhang Zhiyong , Miao Yuting , Wu Peng , Bai Yaqin
Published: March 2022

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an important symptom of bipolar disorder (BD) and other mental disorders and has attracted the attention of researchers lately. It is of great significance to study the characteristic markers of NSSI. Metabolomics is a relatively new field that can provide complementary insights into data obtained from genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolic pathways associated with BD with NSSI and assess important diagnostic and predictive indices of NSSI in BD.Method: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry was performed to evaluate the serum metabolic profiles of patients with BD with NSSI (n = 31), patients with BD without NSSI (n = 46), and healthy controls (n = 10). Data were analyzed using an Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis and a t-test. Differential metabolites were identified (VIP > 1 and p < 0.05), and further analyzed using Metabo Analyst 3.0 to identify associated metabolic pathways.Results: Eight metabolites in the serum and two important metabolic pathways, the urea and glutamate metabolism cycles, were found to distinguish patients with BD with NSSI from healthy controls. Eight metabolites in the serum, glycine and serine metabolism pathway, and the glucose-alanine cycle were found to distinguish patients with BD without NSSI from healthy controls. Five metabolites in the serum and the purine metabolism pathway were found to distinguish patients with BD with NSSI from those with BD without NSSI.Conclusions: Abnormalities in the urea cycle, glutamate metabolism, and purine metabolism played important roles in the pathogenesis of BD with NSSI.
Feasibility and safety of laparoscopic portal vein ligation prior to major hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: An Tailai , Guo Yusheng , Wang Yan , Bao Shiyun , Wu Tianchong , Liu Linsen , Wang Yawei , Bi Jiangang
Published: March 2022

Background: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) demonstrated to have an inadequate future liver remnant (FLR) on preoperative volumetric assessment are potential candidates for laparoscopic portal vein ligation (LPVL). Previous studies have reported that for patients with hepatic malignancies, laparoscopic portal vein ligation (LPVL) is efficient in increasing FLR, which, however, has not been solely reported in HCC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility and efficiency of LPVL prior to major hepatectomy for patients with HCC. Methods: Clinical information of HCC patients who had undergone laparoscopic portal vein ligation (LPVL) at our center was retrospectively reviewed and documented. Demographic, radiographic, clinical and volumetric details (both before and after LPVL) were retrieved to evaluate the feasibility and safety of LPVL prior to major hepatectomy for HCC. Results: Between April 2020 and December 2021, there were a total of 10 HCC patients undergoing LPVL as a preparation for subsequent major hepatectomy at our center. The mean age of these 10 patients was 61.30±8.83 years old. Of these 10 patients, 9 were male and only 1 was female. 9 patients underwent laparoscopic ligation of the right portal vein and one the left portal vein. All the patients, left or right portal veins were ligated by clips. After LPVL, the mean volume increased from 433.16±103.64 ml to 550.62±123.19 ml (P＜0.001）. All the 10 patients had adequate hypertrophy of FLR and subsequent major hepatectomy was performed as scheduled. No LPVL-associated complications were recorded. Conclusion: LPVL is both feasible and could be safely performed. For carefully selected patients, LPVL could be considered as a safe and feasible alternative to portal vein embolization (PVE) given the rather low complication rate and high efficiency of LPVL.
Cohesin erases genomic-proximity biases to drive stochastic Protocadherin expression
for proper neural wiring
Authors: Canzio Daniele , Kiefer Lea , Servito Gabrielle Isabelle , Rajkumar Sandy , Langen Jennifer , Chiosso Anna , Buckley Alexander , Cha Elizabeth , Horta Adan , Mui Michael
Published: March 2022

Clustered Protocadherin (Pcdh) proteins act as cell-surface recognition barcodes for neural circuit formation. Neurites expressing the same barcode repel each other, but this mechanism is deployed in two different ways. For instance, convergence of olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) projections requires stochastic expression of distinct Pcdh isoforms in individual cells, while tiling of neural arbors of serotonergic neurons (5-HTs) requires expression of the same isoform, Pcdhαc2. Despite their essential role, however, the molecular mechanisms of cell-type specific Pcdh barcoding remain a mystery. Here, we uncover a new role of cohesin: that of regulating distance-independent enhancer-promoter interactions to enable random Pcdh isoform choice via DNA loop extrusion in OSNs. Remarkably, this step mediates DNA demethylation of Pcdh promoters and their CTCF binding sites, thus directing CTCF to the chosen promoter. In contrast, the uniform pattern of Pcdh expression in 5-HTs is achieved through conventional cohesin-independent, distance-dependent enhancer/promoter interactions, that favor choice of the nearest isoform. Thus, cell-type specific cohesin deployment converts a distance-dependent and deterministic regulatory logic into a distance-independent and stochastic one. We propose that this mechanism provides an elegant strategy to achieve distinct patterns of Pcdh expression that generate wiring instructions to meet the connectivity requirements of different neural classes.
VALIS: Virtual Alignment of pathoLogy Image Series
Authors: Gatenbee Chandler , Baker Ann-Marie , Prabhakaran Sandhya , Slebos Robbert , Mandal Gunjan , Mulholland Eoghan , Leedham Simon , Conejo-Garcia Jose , Chung Christine , Robertson-Tessi Mark , Graham Trevor , Anderson Alexander
Published: March 2022

Interest in spatial omics is on the rise, but generation of highly multiplexed images used in many spatial analyses remains challenging, due to cost, expertise, methodical constraints, and/or access to technology. To remove these barriers, and thereby increase access to highly multiplexed images, we have developed the Virtual Alignment of pathoLogy Image Series (VALIS) software, which enables one to rapidly and easily generate highly multiplexed images by aligning (registering) any number of whole slide images (WSI) that were serially sliced and/or cyclically stained using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or immunofluorescence (IF). VALIS can save the registered WSI in the opensource ome.tiff format, facilitating downstream spatial analyses. Herein, we present two such examples, one based on a 32 marker IF image created by registering and merging 11 rounds of cyclic IF (CyCIF), and a second based on an 18 marker image created by registering, processing, and merging 18 brightfield images cyclically stained using IHC. In addition to being easy to use, VALIS is robust, having been tested with 273 IHC samples and 340 IF samples, each of which contained between 2-69 images per sample. The registered WSI tend to have low error and are completed within a matter of minutes. VALIS can also use the registration parameters to warp point data, such as cell centroids previously determined via cell segmentation. VALIS is written in Python and requires only few lines of code for execution. VALIS therefore provides a free, opensource, flexible, and easy to use pipeline for rigid and non-rigid registration of IF and/or IHC WSI, facilitating spatial analyses of prospective and existing datasets, breathing new life into the countless collections of brightfield and immunofluorescence images.
Analysis of Adverse Drug Events in Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease Using Spontaneous Reporting System
Authors: Namkoong Ho , Ozawa Takuya , Takaya Risako , Takahashi Yusuke , Fukunaga Koichi , Enoki Yuki , Taguchi Kazuaki , Kizu Junko , Matsumoto Kazuaki , Hasegawa Naoki
Published: March 2022

Background: In Japan, Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) is the most common in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Patients often experience adverse events, resulting in the discontinuation of treatment, which causes treatment failure. The Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database is a database of adverse events and reflects the clinical practice in Japan. We can collect large-scale data cost-effectively and detect signals of potential adverse events such as reporting odds ratio (ROR) by using spontaneous reporting systems. Methods: We included cases of MAC-LD between April 2004 and June 2017. We investigated sex, age, and medications that may have caused the adverse events, outcomes, and time of onset. We calculated the safety signal index as the ROR. Time-to-event analysis was performed using the Weibull distribution. Results: The total number of adverse effects of CAM, EB, and RFP was 2780, with 806 patients. In the overall adverse events, hematologic and lymphatic disorders were the most common adverse events, with 11%, followed by eye disorders (10.6%), and hepatobiliary disorders (8.9%). The outcomes were as follows: recovery, 40.1%; remission, 27.1%; non-recovery, 11.2%; and death, 7.2%. Regarding the most common onset time of CAM, EB, and RFP was within 120 days at 40%, 181–300 days at 43.6%, and within 120 days at 88.5%. For CAM, the RORs of infections and infestations, hepatobiliary system disorders, and immune system disorders were 4.13 (95% CI, 2.3–7.44), 2.61 (95% CI, 1.39–4.91), and 2.38 (95% CI, 1.04–5.44). For EB, the ROR of eye disorders was 215.79 (95% CI, 132.62–351.12). For RFP, the RORs of renal and urinary tract disorders and investigations were 7.03 (95% CI, 3.35–14.77) and 6.99 (95% CI, 3.22–15.18). The β value of EB was 2.07 (95% CI, 1.48–2.76), which was classified as wear-out failure type. Conclusions: For MAC-LD, adverse events of EB occur after 180 days, whereas the adverse events of CAM and RFP occur early in the course of treatment.
To Explore the Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Mechanism of Chaihu Shugan Powder with the “Same Treatment for Different Diseases” for Insomnia and Depression Based on the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Peng , Chen Yingfan , Li Chen , Wang Xuelin , Li Mingwei , Luan Zhenxian , Zhang Yin , Li Shaodan , Yang Minghui
Published: March 2022

Background: The classic prescription Chaihu Shugan Powder (CHSGP) has been widely used in clinical Chinese medicine treatment and has clear clinical effects in the treatment of emotional diseases. Based on the increasing incidence of emotional diseases such as insomnia and depression in the population during the COVID-19 pandemic, we will explore the mechanism of CHSGP in the treatment of insomnia and depression with “Same Treatment for Different Diseases”. Methods: Using a bioinformatics and network pharmacology platform, protein database and STRING database, we collected CHSGP chemical composition and related target data and constructed a "component-target" action network through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking technology was used to verify key active ingredients and core targets. Results: A total of 119 active compounds of CHSGP were screened, such as quercetin, kaempferol, and β-sitosterol, and 113 common related targets overlapped with insomnia and depression. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis mainly involved immune, inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, endocrine and other related targets and signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that small molecular compounds (kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, 7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone and beta-sitosterol) had good binding effects with five target proteins (AKT1, IL1B, IL-6, FOS, GSK3B) to play a role in regulating immunity, the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and endocrine signaling. Conclusions: Under the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it revealed the complex mechanism of multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway of the classic CHSGP for insomnia and depression, laying a theoretical foundation for its clinical application of its "same treatment for different diseases".
Influence of Digital Media in the Oral Health Education of Mother-Child Pairs: Study Protocol of a Parallel Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ribeiro Yuri Jivago Silva , Ferreira Luanna Goncalves , filho Paulo Nelson , Arnez Maya Fernanda Manfrin , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia
Published: March 2022

Background
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the growing use of smartphones, opportunities for using digital media applications to promote health and favorable behaviors have increased. Digital methods are among those and could be used for communication between physicians and patients including text messages, images, audio, and video calls. This study aimed to investigate the use of the smartphone application (WhatsApp) to deliver oral health education to mother-child pairs, with the ultimate goal of controlling dental biofilm and caries through digital activities focused on oral hygiene.
Methods
This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, parallel clinical trial involving 100 pairs of mothers and children (6–12 years old). The mothers and children will be randomly allocated to the control group (n = 50 pairs), who will receive a single visit conventional oral health education, or to the experimental group (n = 50 pairs), who will receive both a single visit conventional oral health education and educational videos through WhatsApp Messenger, twice a week. Before randomization of the groups and after the intervention, pairs will be evaluated regarding to plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and number of decayed, missing and filled permanent or primary teeth (DMF-T) modified by the inclusion of active non-cavitated carious lesions (Nyvad criteria). Socioeconomic data, dental history and oral health literacy will obtained using questionnaires (Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry; BOHLAT-P). Chi-square, Student’s t-test, paired Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon’s sign tests were used with a 5% significance level.
Discussion
This intervention proposal is designed to motivate behavioral change in mother-child pairs. We hypothesize that adding digital media to traditional oral health programs will provoke improvements in oral hygiene behavior and health outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the effect of educational videos communicated by digital media (WhatsApp) on the oral health of mother-child pairs evaluated by long-term dental examinations. In addition, we will assess the maternal level of comprehension of the provided information via a literacy assessment tool. The clinical trial is registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (No. RBR-7s8bw6m).
A nomogram for predicting overall survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who underwent radical pancreatoduodenectomy(R0)
Authors: Liang Yurong , Cui Chenghao , Qin Tao , Hong Chenyan , Wang Yanwei , Li Mingtai , Cai Shouwang , Yu Qiang
Published: March 2022

Background: Hypercoagulation and malnutrition are characteristic pathophysiological changes of PDAC, which are intimately associated with cancer progression and prognosis. We aimed at integrating related indicators to build a nomogram model for providing individualized overall survival predictions for patients with PDAC who underwent radical pancreatoduodenectomy(R0) Method: Clinicopathological and survival data of 138 patients who met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively analyzed. A nomogram was built based on the regression formula of multivariate Cox analysis. calibration curves and the areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) were utilized to evaluate the predictive performance of the nomogram.Result: High-grade (HR:3.70; 95%CI: 1.51-3.82; P<0.001), vessel carcinoma embolus(HR:2.69; 95%CI: 1.30-5.31,P=0.007), N2(HR:2.90; 95%CI: 1.47-7.37; P=0.004), anemia(HR:1.98;95%CI:1.01-2.70; p=0.047), PLR>244.8(HR:2.13; 95%CI:1.05-3.45; P=0.033), FBG>3.50g/L(HR:2.10;95%CI: 1.04-3.09,P=0.008), DRR>1.1(HR:2.69; 95%CI:1.56-4.27 ;P<0.001) served as independent risk factors of poor overall survival of PDAC patients who underwent radical pancreatoduodenectomy(R0) .A nomogram model was constructed based on this result. The calibration curves fitted well to the ideal 45° line ，and the AUCs at 1 ,2 and 3 years were 0.713，0.777, 0.845 respectively.Conclusion: The nomogram established based on characteristic pathophysiological alterations of PDAC for the prediction of overall survival of patients who underwent radical pancreatoduodenectomy(R0) presented considerable predictive power and may facilitate prognostic risk stratification, optimizing therapeutic decision-making.
Women’s Awareness of Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors and Symptoms in Western Iran in 2020-2021
Authors: Babaei Maryam , Salmani Fatemeh , Kariman Nourossadat , Nasiri Saeideh , Ozgoli Giti
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate Iranian women’s awareness of warning signs and risk factors for ovarian cancer.Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in Sanandaj and Kermanshah, Iran, in 2020 and 2021. In this study, 1081 women aged 18-70 years were selected as the sample to fill out the electronic version of the Ovarian Cancer Awareness Measure (OCAM) to identify the significant variables of ovarian cancer warning signs and risk factors. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression in SPSS 19. Results: In this study, 60.9% of the participants had medium awareness of the subject. The results indicated that participants with higher educational attainment (P<0.05) and those with a family history of cancer (P<0.001) showed higher knowledge of cancer. The lowest level of awareness of symptoms was associated with acute symptoms such as dysphagia (swallowing problems) most days, persistent bloating, a sense of abdominal fullness or heaviness, and frequent urination. Moreover, the lowest awareness of risk factors was related to the history of IVF treatments and the application of talcum powder to the genital area.Conclusion: The study findings showed that Iranian women have moderate awareness of ovarian cancer and low knowledge on cancer warning signs; this suggests that it is necessary to train Iranian women in order to raise awareness of the signs and risk factors for ovarian cancer.
An impact analysis of COVID-19 on the relation between open innovation, IP openness and firm performance
Authors: Kanama Daisuke
Published: March 2022

This study empirically investigated how pre-COVID innovation activities and IP management affected business performance after the arrival of COVID-19. As a result, the following three points were clarified: First, the high level of R&D investment before the arrival of COVID-19 weakened the damage to sales and operating profit after its arrival. Second, we found that the firms that launched new products and services four years before the arrival of COVID-19 suffered more damage from COVID-19. Third, although innovation activities are vulnerable to the crisis as a whole, there are cases in which firms have not lost or improved their performance even after the arrival of COVID-19. Specifically, it became clear that the damage caused by COVID-19 was lesser for collaborative innovations involving many firms than for innovations realized by single firms. This was also demonstrated from the perspective of open IP management.
Influence of aniline and antimony on micro-oxygen hydrolysis and acidification processes in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment
Authors: LIU HONG , Pang Zuzu , Ye Shiqing , Ding Ning
Published: March 2022

This experiment studied the degradation characteristics of aniline and antimony in printing and dyeing wastewater by the micro-oxygen hydrolysis acidification process and its influence on the removal of COD and ammonia nitrogen. Firstly, the study optimized the control factors of pH、dissolved oxygen (DO)、sludge concentration on the removal efficiency of COD and ammonia nitrogen in hydrolysis and acidification section. It is recommended that pH can be maintained at 6.5; low dissolved oxygen (0-0.5 mg/L) would help the conversion of nitrogen substances for subsequent treatment, the optimal treatment temperature was found to be 25℃, furthermore, it is recommended to control the sludge concentration at 4 mg/L during operation. Secondly, the impact of aniline and antimony on COD and nitrogen removal was explored. It was found that when the aniline concentration increased from 0.4 mg/L to 5.4 mg/L, the effluent COD concentration increased, with a rate of 96.5%, indicating that aniline was toxic to anaerobic sludge and significantly inhibited the COD degradation; while when the antimony concentration increased from 0.05 mg/L to 2.05 mg/L, the COD removal rate was only 2.9%, which was far lower than the COD removal rate of water samples without adding antimony. The decrease of anaerobic sludge concentration from 5.58 g/L to 3.44 g/L indicated that aniline and antimony have a strong inhibitory effect on the activity of anaerobic bacteria, and reversely affect the COD removal.
Layered vulnerability and researchers’ responsibilities: Learning from research involving Kenyan adolescents living with perinatal HIV infection
Authors: Kimani Mary , Molyneux Sassy , Charo Anderson , Zakayo Scholastica , Sanga Gladys , Njeru Rita , Davies Alun , Kelley Maureen , Abubakar Amina , Marsh Vicki
Published: March 2022

Background
Carefully planned research is critical to building policies and interventions to counter the physical, psychological and social challenges young people living with HIV/AIDS regularly face, without increasing burdens. Through embedded social science research in an ongoing longitudinal cohort study on neurobehavioural outcomes in Adolescents Living with HIV/AIDS in Kenya, we develop an account of researchers’ responsibilities towards young people involved in research, drawing on concepts of vulnerability and agency in the literature as ‘interacting layers’.
Methods
Using qualitative research methods of in-depth interviews, group discussions, observations and a participatory workshop, we explored key stakeholders’ views and experiences of vulnerability and resilience for young people living with HIV/AIDS. Our enquiry included domains of home and community, school, health clinic and research participation in Kilifi County in Kenya. The study involved 62 policy, provider, research and community-based stakeholders, including 27 young people living with HIV/AIDS and participating in research. Three linked research phases supported an iterative process of learning and enquiry, drawing on Framework Analysis.
Results
Young people faced many forms of vulnerability related to risks of stigmatisation across health clinics, schools and in homes. Sources of vulnerability were interrelated and cross sectoral with varying experiences of vulnerability and capacity for resilience that were importantly underpinned by access to social and economic resources. Interacting layers of vulnerability acted to progressively undermine wellbeing, leading to clusters of increasingly serious physical and mental health, social, educational and economic outcomes. Such vicious circles of vulnerability, or cascades, could be reversed, with positive inputs within and across sectors building resilience and leading to positive outcomes. Experiences of research participation reflected a potential to increase forms of vulnerability but importantly also to promote resilience for many young people.
Conclusions
The potential for experiences of research participation to exacerbate vulnerability and strengthen resilience for young people living with HIV/AIDS, through contributing to positive or negative cascades, has important implications for research planning. We argue that researchers’ responsibilities include addressing structural causes of vulnerability for research participants living with HIV, giving examples of strategies, and for the importance of embedded empirical ethics research to identify context-specific risks and opportunities.
Microplastic extraction from agricultural soils using canola oil and unsaturated sodium chloride solution
Authors: Kononov Andrei , Hishida Motoya , Suzuki Kazuki , Harada Naoki
Published: March 2022

Environmental pollution by microplastics (MPs) has become a global problem, but little is known about MPs in soils. This is because MP extraction methods from soils have not yet been standardized. In this study, we tried to establish a simple and economical method to extract soil MPs using the buoyancy of canola oil and the density separation process using sodium chloride (NaCl). First, the ability and suitability of seven different oils to extract MP from soil were investigated and canola oil was selected. Then, the spiking and recovery test was performed with canola oil and NaCl solution for low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinylchloride (PVC) as follows: 1) soil and MP mixtures were prepared, 2) 5 g L− 1 NaCl and canola oil were added and shaken thoroughly, 3) the oil phase containing MPs were separated after sedimentation, 4) the extracted MPs were rinsed with 99.5% ethanol, and 5) the organic adherents to the extracted MPs were digested with hydrogen peroxide. After drying and incineration, the substantial recovery rates were calculated. In the spiking and recovery test for MP particles (< 1 mm) from five typical Japanese agricultural soils, the recoveries of LDPE, PP, and PVC were 95.2–98.3%, 95.2.7–98.7%, and 76.0-80.5%, respectively, higher than those obtained by the density separation using saturated NaCl solution. In conclusion, the method is effective for extracting MPs, especially LDPE and PP, from soils and is less sensitive to soil type, texture, and physicochemical properties.