bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One World: Refugee youth incubating epistemologies toward rightful presence with/in community‐drivenSTEM
Authors: Tan Edna , Faircloth Beverly
Published: January 2023

This study investigates how recently resettled refugee youth took up STEM‐rich making experiences at an after‐school community club in relation to negotiating their resettlement process. Using critical participatory ethnography grounded in sustained engagement with and in community, authors 1 and 2 worked with refugee youth through sustained STEM‐rich making programming where youth innovated and created products that they needed but did not have access to, at their residential community center. We draw on atmospheric walls (alienating messaging built into spaces) and rightful presence toward justice in teaching and learning, as complimentary conceptual frameworks to guide this study. Findings illustrate how youth engaged in allied political struggles to identify atmospheric walls at work in the community and how they seeded moments of rightful presence through leveraging both human and material resources in their STEM‐rich making club. We discuss incubating epistemologies as a making present practice, especially in how particular power structures in refugee communities were made visible and specific stakeholders and their actions, identifiable. How youth engaged in allied political struggles through community‐driven STEM, nested within the social dynamics of their resettlement process, is unpacked. This study provides insights into the possibilities for community‐driven science. When STEM‐rich maker education is driven by communities' needs and grounded in their epistemologies, it can attend to both epistemic rigor while also addressing injustice. We discuss the implications that a stance on community‐driven science raises for the role of science education, especially when we concern ourselves with the whole lives of refugee youth.
Simulation of the shock wave boundary layer interaction in flat channel with jet injection
Authors: Beketaeva Assel O. , Naimanova Altynshash Zh. , Shakhan Nurtoleu , Zadauly Akerke
Published: January 2023

The improvement of the mixing of the injected jet fuel in the cross‐flow oxidant (jet in cross‐flow (JICF)) in the scramjet combustor is still remains opened problem. JICF is accompanied with the formation of shock structures and leads to the shock wave boundary layer interactions (SWBLI) at the walls of the combustion chamber. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the interaction of the bow shock wave with the upper boundary layer and shock wave (reflected from the upper wall) with lower surface flow behind the jet on the mixture layer mechanism. For that, the numerical simulation of a supersonic flow with a transverse multispecies jet injection from the bottom wall of the plane channel with variations of the channel heights and the jet pressure ratio is done. The multispecies supersonic gas flow in a planar channel with perpendicular jet injection is numerically simulated. The Favre‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations coupled with the k‐ω turbulence model are solved using the fourth order weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO)‐scheme. The simulation correctly captured the main flow features near the jet and the comparison with the experimental data shows a satisfactory agreement. The reflected shock wave, formed as a result of the interaction of a bow shock wave with the boundary layer (SWBLI), reaches the lower boundary layer behind the jet and interacts with them. The numerical experiments reveal show that this shock/wave interaction causes an oscillation of the flow. The channel height variations show that with a decrease of the height the mixing rate increased.
Ziele des Strafverfahrens und strafprozessualer Opferschutz
Authors: Hochstätter Ulrica
Published: January 2023

Die Ziele des Strafverfahrens gründen sich auf die Elemente der Wahrheit, der Gerechtigkeit und des Rechtsfriedens. Diese stehen zueinander in einem „labilen Gleichgewicht“. Die Suche nach der Wahrheit im Strafprozess bezieht sich auf die Sachverhaltsfeststellung und den Beweis aller materiell-rechtlichen Umstände. Sie wird begrenzt auf die Fakten, die für die konkrete Tat relevant sind.
Terroristische Anschläge
Authors: Hochstätter Ulrica
Published: January 2023

Im Folgenden gilt es zu untersuchen, ob sich die Bedürfnisse von Terroropfern von denen anderer Kriminalitätsopfer unterscheiden und sich hieraus Folgerungen für das Strafjustizsystem ableiten lassen, bevor sodann geprüft werden kann, inwieweit die im vierten Kapitel skizzierten Opferschutzvorschriften auf Terroropfer Anwendung finden können. Zunächst soll der Begriff des Terrorismus definiert und sodann deskriptiv die Phänomenologie dieser Taten vor dem individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Hintergrund unter dem Blickwinkel viktimologischer Herausforderungen analysiert werden.
Passung von Opfererwartungen mit strafprozessualen Schutzvorschriften
Authors: Hochstätter Ulrica
Published: January 2023

Nachfolgend soll untersucht werden, inwieweit die festgestellten Bedürfnisse eine Passung zu den Opferrechten in der Strafprozessordnung aufweisen. Hier sind folgende Aspekte zu berücksichtigen: Die ermittelten und an das Strafjustizsystem gerichteten Bedarfe sind überwiegend psychosozialer Natur. Die Rechtswissenschaft hat dagegen normativen Charakter.
Impact of Preoperative Patient Education on Postoperative Recovery in Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brodersen Freya , Wagner Jonas , Uzunoglu Faik Güntac , Petersen‐Ewert Corinna
Published: January 2023

Background

Patient education is recommended as an essential component of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols. However, there are many uncertainties regarding content and methodological criteria, which may have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the intervention. The aim of this review is to assess the effect of preoperative patient education on postoperative recovery in abdominal surgery and to examine different patient education strategies for their effectiveness.

Methods

We performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched from 2011 to 2022. All studies investigating the effect of preoperative patient education on postoperative recovery in abdominal surgery were included. A critical quality assessment of all included studies was performed.

Results

We identified 826 potentially suitable articles via a database search and included 12 studies in this review. The majority of the included studies reported a reduction in the length of hospital stay (LOS) and even a reduction in postoperative complications and adverse events. Patients with preoperative education seemed to have lower psychological stress and experience less anxiety. However, the contents, delivery, and general conditions were implemented differently, making comparison difficult. Moreover, the majority of the included studies were weak in quality.

Conclusion

With this review, we report potential effects, current implementations, and frameworks of patient education. However, the results must be interpreted with caution and are not directly transferable to clinical practice. Further studies in this field are necessary to make concrete recommendations for clinical practice.
Self-management, self-care, and self-help in adolescents with emotional problems: a scoping review
Authors: Town Rosa , Hayes Daniel , March Anna , Fonagy Peter , Stapley Emily
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to review the existing published and grey literature describing the concepts of self-management, self-care, and self-help, and to capture strategies or techniques related to these concepts, for adolescents with emotional problems. Emotional problems are rising amongst adolescents, yet timely access to specialist mental health treatment is limited to those with greater severity of mental health difficulties. Self-management, self-care, and self-help strategies may be used by adolescents with emotional problems both in terms of those waiting for treatment and to prevent relapse. Given the overlap in existing definitions and the lack of clarity around these concepts in an adolescent mental health context, a scoping review of the literature is warranted to provide clarity. Eligible studies were those involving adolescents aged 10 to 19 years with symptoms of emotional problems. Studies referenced self-management, self-care, or self-help, not involving a professional, in this population. Quantitative, qualitative, economic, and mixed methods studies, as well as systematic, scoping, and literature reviews, from 2000 onwards and in the English language, were eligible for inclusion. A systematic search was conducted of both published and grey literature. Databases searched included PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL Plus. Mednar was also searched for unpublished studies and grey literature. Tables  of themes, terms, and associated strategies are presented alongside a thematic analysis of the results. 62 articles were included. These were 20 quantitative studies, 14 systematic reviews, 10 qualitative studies, five review papers, four book chapters, four mixed methods studies, two dissertations, two meta-analyses and one scoping review and systematic review. Most of the included articles referenced self-help (n = 51), followed by self-management (n = 17) and self-care (n = 6). A total of 12 themes were identified from a reflexive thematic analysis of descriptions (and associated strategies) of self-management, self-help, or self-care in included texts. This scoping review provides clarity on the similarities and differences between how these concepts are discussed, and the strategies which are associated with each of these concepts in the relevant literature. Implications for policy and intervention development for adolescents’ self-management, self-help, and self-care of their mental health are discussed. There is considerable overlap in both the ways in which these concepts are described, and the strategies or approaches proposed in relation to them, supporting previous research suggesting these strategies should be grouped under a single term, such as “self or community approaches.” More research is needed for self-management, self-help, and self-care amongst marginalized groups as these adolescents may have the highest unmet need for mental health support.
Thyroid autoimmunity following alemtuzumab treatment in multiple sclerosis patients: a prospective study
Authors: Kazakou Paraskevi , Tzanetakos Dimitrios , Vakrakou Aigli G. , Tzartos John S. , Evangelopoulos Μaria-Eleptheria , Anagnostouli Maria , Stathopoulos Panos , Kassi Georgia N. , Stefanis Leonidas , Kilidireas Constantinos , Zapanti Evangelia
Published: January 2023

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common adverse effect in alemtuzumab (ALZ) treated relapsing–remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The objective of this prospective study was to analyze the occurrence, timing of onset, clinical course, and laboratory characteristics of AITD post-ALZ. We evaluated 35 RRMS patients treated with ALZ at a single academic MS center; clinical and laboratory data were collected before ALZ initiation and thereafter quarterly on follow-up with a median of 43.5 months. Seventeen out of 31 patients (54.8%) with no prior history of thyroid dysfunction developed AITD with a mean onset of 19.4 months ± 10.2 (SD) after the first ALZ cycle; Graves’ disease (GD) (n = 9); hypothyroidism with positive stimulating thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) (n = 1); Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) (n = 6); HT with hypothyroidism (n = 1). Interestingly, seven of nine (77.7%) GD patients showed a fluctuating course. Three out of four patients with preexisting thyroid disease remained stable, whereas one with prior HT and hypothyroidism developed fluctuating GD. All patients with GD commenced antithyroid drugs (ATDs); five continued on “block and replace” treatment; one required radioactive iodine, and one total thyroidectomy. Our analysis showed earlier onset of ALZ-induced AITD in comparison to most other ALZ cohorts; overall, these patients required complex therapeutic approaches of the AITD. We observed a higher rate of fluctuating GD, with earlier onset and lower remission rate than previously reported, which in the majority of patients required prolonged “block and replace” therapy in the minimum dose of each therapeutic agent or more definitive interventions.
A European-wide exploratory study to analyse the relationship between training and energy efficiency in the construction sector
Authors: Barbero Irini , Rezgui Yacine , Petri Ioan
Published: January 2023

Current evidence that supports the correlation between training and energy efficiency in the construction industry is sparse and lacks an in-depth and sector-wide analysis. Several context-specific (in terms of application, workforce segment, and scope) studies have highlighted several barriers, challenges, and gaps in the training landscape in the European construction sector. However, these do not scale up and translate to robust evidence for the entire industry. The paper aims to address this gap by adopting a quantitative and qualitative Europe-wide consultation that not only seeks to gather evidence about the relationship between training and energy efficiency but also broadens the scope of the investigation beyond this aim to understand the complexity of the training landscape in energy efficiency and to provide context to the resulting evidence, in a way that promotes generalisation of the results. A mixed-method approach is adopted involving secondary (in the form of industry studies and academic publications) and primary sources of evidence. The latter include a questionnaire (n = 52), a series of interviews (n = 28), an expert workshop, and use cases drawn across Europe providing examples of the correlation between training and energy efficiency. Five key themes emerged from the consultation, namely: (a) lack of systematic process to codify best practice into re-usable knowledge, (b) lack of industry-wide shared vision, (c) nature of the training available in the energy efficiency domain, (d) level of reliance on a trained and skilled workforce in energy efficiency, (e) efficiency of legislative frameworks, policies, and government incentives. While the analysis of the results confirms the correlation between training and energy efficiency, further efforts are needed to establish robust quantitative evidence. The research also points to several policy measures, including the need for adapted instruments to promote mutual recognition of energy skills and qualifications in the European construction sector.
In-planta transient transformation of avocado (Persea americana) by vacuum agroinfiltration of aerial plant parts
Authors: Salazar-González Jorge Alberto , Castro-Medina Manuela , Bernardino-Rivera Luis Enrique , Martínez-Terrazas Eduardo , Casson Stuart A. , Urrea-López Rafael
Published: January 2023

Avocado, Persea americana Mill, is one of the most traded tropical fruits in the international market. To date, stable and transient transformation has only been achieved for of zygotic embryos and not of adult plant tissue, which limits functional genomics research. We provide the first transient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methodology in avocado leaves that overcomes the recalcitrance to transformation of this species. We investigated the effect of Agrobacterium strain, leaf stage, wounding pre-treatment, the phytohormone jasmonic acid, and vacuum infiltration on transient transformation of avocado leaves. Using the Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 and the RUBY reporter a transformation frequency of up to 27% was obtained for avocado detached leaves. The transformation efficiency depended on the age of the leaf, with an intermediate stage of leaf development showing the highest efficiency of transient reporter gene expression. Microwounding pre-treatment facilitates agroinfiltration and coupled with leaf age are the primary factors influencing competence for transient transformation. Jasmonic acid did not significantly affect transient transformation in the absence of microwounding. However, microwounding and 250 µM of jasmonic acid acted synergistically to significantly enhance transient expression. Using this methodology with localized vacuum agroinfiltration, transient transformation of attached avocado leaves was achieved. This method unlocks the use of Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation as a tool for explore gene function and metabolic pathways in both, detached and attached avocado leaves.
Deformation Mechanisms Rationalisation to Design for Creep Resistance in Polycrystalline Ni-Based Superalloys
Authors: Barba D. , Egan A. , Utada S. , Gong Y. , Tang Y. T. , Mazanova V. , Mills M. J. , Reed R. C.
Published: January 2023

Creep strength in polycrystalline Ni-based superalloys is influenced by the formation of a rich variety of planar faults forming within the strengthening

$$\gamma '$$

γ
′

phase. The lengthening and thickening rate of these faults – and therefore the creep rate – depends on an intriguing combination of dislocation interactions at the

$$\gamma $$

γ

-

$$\gamma '$$

γ
′

interface and diffusional processes of the alloying elements at the core of the fault tip. The effect of alloy composition on this process is not fully understood. In this work we use correlative high resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to study the deformation faults in two different Ni-based superalloys with carefully designed ratios of disordering-to-ordering-promoting elements (Co-Cr against Nb-Ta-Ti). The results show that the additions of ordering-promoting elements reduce the diffusional processes required for the faults to lengthen and thicken thus reducing the creep rates found for the higher Nb-Ta-Ti alloy. These insights provide a path to follow in the design of improved grades of creep-resistant polycrystalline alloys beyond 700

$$^\circ $$

∘

C.
Comparison of player perceptions to mechanical measurements of third generation synthetic turf football surfaces
Authors: Cole David , Fleming Paul , Roberts Jon , James David , Benetti Mickael , Wistel Katharina , Billingham Johsan , Forrester Steph
Published: January 2023

Mechanical testing of synthetic turf football surfaces is considered essential to ensure player performance and safety. However, it remains unknown how well the mechanical outputs reflect player perceptions of these surfaces. The first objective of this study was to investigate the agreement between the outputs from the Rotational Traction Tester and the Advanced Artificial Athlete with player perceptions across a range of controlled third generation turf football surfaces. The second objective was to identify the modifications to the Rotational Traction Tester and the Advanced Artificial Athlete configurations and output variables that give the strongest agreement with player perceptions. An indoor test area containing ten third generation turf surfaces with controlled hardness and traction properties was constructed. Each surface was tested using the Advanced Artificial Athlete and Rotational Traction Tester in their current configuration and in several modified configurations aimed at better replicating the player–surface interaction. Using a trained panel paired comparisons technique, 18 University footballers (11 males and 7 females) identified differences in the surfaces based on four sensory attributes Movement Speed, Slip, Leg Shock and Give. Results indicated strong agreement (correlation coefficients between 0.7 and 1.0) across several Rotational Traction Tester and Advanced Artificial Athlete testing configurations and output variables with player perceptions. It is recommended that the current Rotational Traction Tester is improved through added instrumentation to allow surface stiffness to be evaluated (the rate of generation of traction resistance). It is further recommended that the Advanced Artificial Athlete adopts a new algorithm to improve the accuracy of the surface’s Vertical Deformation and Energy Restitution, and the number of drops is reduced from three to one.
CycleDRUMS: automatic drum arrangement for bass lines using CycleGAN
Authors: Barnabò Giorgio , Trappolini Giovanni , Lastilla Lorenzo , Campagnano Cesare , Fan Angela , Petroni Fabio , Silvestri Fabrizio
Published: January 2023

The two main research threads in computer-based music generation are the construction of autonomous music-making systems and the design of computer-based environments to assist musicians. In the symbolic domain, the key problem of automatically arranging a piece of music was extensively studied, while relatively fewer systems tackled this challenge in the audio domain. In this contribution, we propose CycleDRUMS, a novel method for generating drums given a bass line. After converting the waveform of the bass into a mel-spectrogram, we can automatically generate original drums that follow the beat, sound credible, and be directly mixed with the input bass. We formulated this task as an unpaired image-to-image translation problem, and we addressed it with CycleGAN, a well-established unsupervised style transfer framework designed initially for treating images. The choice to deploy raw audio and mel-spectrograms enabled us to represent better how humans perceive music and to draw sounds for new arrangements from the vast collection of music recordings accumulated in the last century. In the absence of an objective way of evaluating the output of both generative adversarial networks and generative music systems, we further defined a possible metric for the proposed task, partially based on human (and expert) judgment. Finally, as a comparison, we replicated our results with Pix2Pix, a paired image-to-image translation network, and we showed that our approach outperforms it.
Geometric Inverse Problems
Authors: Paternain Gabriel P. , Salo Mikko , Uhlmann Gunther
Published: January 2023

This up-to-date treatment of recent developments in geometric inverse problems introduces graduate students and researchers to an exciting area of research. With an emphasis on the two-dimensional case, topics covered include geodesic X-ray transforms, boundary rigidity, tensor tomography, attenuated X-ray transforms and the Calderón problem. The presentation is self-contained and begins with the Radon transform and radial sound speeds as motivating examples. The required geometric background is developed in detail in the context of simple manifolds with boundary. An in-depth analysis of various geodesic X-ray transforms is carried out together with related uniqueness, stability, reconstruction and range characterization results. Highlights include a proof of boundary rigidity for simple surfaces as well as scattering rigidity for connections. The concluding chapter discusses current open problems and related topics. The numerous exercises and examples make this book an excellent self-study resource or text for a one-semester course or seminar.
Ukraine's Unnamed War
Authors: Arel Dominique , Driscoll Jesse
Published: January 2023

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has its roots in the events of 2013–2014. Russia cynically termed the seditionist conflict in Crimea and Eastern Donbas a 'civil war' in order to claim non-involvement. This flies in the face of evidence, but the authors argue that the social science literature on civil wars can be used help understand why no political solution was found between 2015 and 2022. The book explains how Russia, after seizing Crimea, was reacting to events it could not control and sent troops only to areas of Ukraine where it knew it would face little resistance (Eastern Donbas). Kremlin decisionmakers misunderstood the attachment of the Russian-speaking population to the Ukrainian state and also failed to anticipate that their intervention would transform Ukraine into a more cohesively 'Ukrainian' polity. Drawing on Ukrainian documentary sources, this concise book explains these important developments to a non-specialist readership.
Why the Cross?
Authors: Ryliškytė Ligita
Published: January 2023

In this book, Ligita Ryliskyte addresses what is arguably the most important and profound question in systematic theology: What does it mean for humankind to be saved by the cross? Offering a constructive account of the atonement that avoids pitting God's saving love against divine justice, she provides a biblically-grounded and philosophically disciplined theology of the cross that responds to the exigencies of postmodern secular culture. Ryliskyte draws on Bernard J. F. Lonergan's development of the Augustinian-Thomist tradition to argue that the justice of the cross concerns the orderly communication and diffusion of divine friendship. It  becomes efficacious in the dynamic order of the emergent universe through the transformation of evil into good out of love. Showing how inherited theological traditions can be transposed in new contexts, Ryliskyte's book reveals a Christology of fundamental significance for contemporary systematic theology, as well as the fields of theological ethics and Christian spirituality.
Cognitive Ontology
Authors: Khalidi Muhammad Ali
Published: January 2023

The search for the 'furniture of the mind' has acquired added impetus with the rise of new technologies to study the brain and identify its main structures and processes. Philosophers and scientists are increasingly concerned to understand the ways in which psychological functions relate to brain structures. Meanwhile, the taxonomic practices of cognitive scientists are coming under increased scrutiny, as researchers ask which of them identify the real kinds of cognition and which are mere vestiges of folk psychology. Muhammad Ali Khalidi present a naturalistic account of 'real kinds' to validate some central taxonomic categories in the cognitive domain, including concepts, episodic memory, innateness, domain specificity, and cognitive bias. He argues that cognitive kinds are often individuated relationally, with reference to the environment and etiology of the thinking subject, whereas neural kinds tend to be individuated intrinsically, resulting in crosscutting relationships among cognitive and neural categories.
Political Plasticity
Authors: Moghaddam Fathali M.
Published: January 2023

Political plasticity refers to limitations on how fast, how much, and in what ways political behavior does (or does not) change. In a number of important areas of behavior, such as leader-follower relations, ethnicity, religion, and the rich-poor divide, there has been long-term continuity of human behavior. These continuities are little impacted by factors assumed to bring about change such as electronic technologies, major wars, globalization, and revolutions. In addition to such areas of low political plasticity, areas of high political plasticity are considered. For example, women in education is discussed to illustrate how rapid societal change can be achieved. This book explains the psychological and social mechanisms that limit political plasticity, and shape the possibility of changes in both democratic and dictatorial countries. Students, teachers, and anyone interested in political behavior and social psychology will benefit from this volume.
The Philosopher's Guide to Parenthood
Authors: Baron Teresa
Published: January 2023

Our understanding of what it means to be a parent in any given context is shaped by our biological, social, legal, and moral concepts of parenthood. These are themselves subject to the influence of changing expectations, as new technologies are produced, cultural views of the family are transformed, and laws shift in response. In this book Teresa Baron provides a detailed and incisive overview of the key questions, widespread presuppositions, and dominant approaches in the field of philosophy of parenthood. Baron examines paradigm cases and problem cases alike through an interdisciplinary lens, bringing philosophy of parenthood into dialogue with research on family-making and childrearing from across the social sciences and humanities. Her book aims to answer old questions, draw out new questions, and interrogate notions that we often take for granted in this field, including the very concept of parenthood itself.
How to Fix a Broken Planet
Authors: Cribb Julian
Published: January 2023

Do you want to help save human civilisation? If so, this book is for you. How to Fix a Broken Planet describes the ten catastrophic risks that menace human civilisation and our planet, and what we can all do to overcome or mitigate them. It explains what must be done globally to avert each megathreat, and what each of us can do in our own lives to help preserve a habitable world. It offers the first truly integrated world plan-of-action for a more sustainable human society - and fresh hope. A must-read for anyone seeking sound practical advice on what citizens, governments, companies, and community groups can do to safeguard our future.
The Armenians and the Fall of the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Şekeryan Ari
Published: January 2023

The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918 and on the morning of 13 November 1918, a mighty fleet of battleships from Britain, France, Italy and Greece sailed to Istanbul, and dropped anchor without encountering resistance. This day marked the beginning of the end of the Ottoman Empire, a dissolution that would bring great suffering and chaos, but also new opportunities for all Ottomans, Muslim and non-Muslim alike. Drawing upon a previously untouched collection of Armenian and Ottoman Turkish primary sources, Ari Şekeryan considers these understudied post-war years. Examining the Armenian community as they emerged from the aftermath of war and genocide, Şekeryan outlines their shifting political position and the strategies they used to survive this turbulent period. By focusing on the Ottoman Armistice (1918–1923), Şekeryan illuminates an oft-neglected period in history, and develops a new case study for understanding the political reactions of ethnic groups to the fall of empires and nation-states.
Marx in the Anthropocene
Authors: Saito Kohei
Published: January 2023

Facing global climate crisis, Karl Marx's ecological critique of capitalism more clearly demonstrates its importance than ever. This book explains why Marx's ecology had to be marginalized and even suppressed by Marxists after his death throughout the twentieth century. Marx's ecological critique of capitalism, however, revives in the Anthropocene against dominant productivism and monism. Investigating new materials published in the complete works of Marx and Engels (Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe), Saito offers a wholly novel idea of Marx's alternative to capitalism that should be adequately characterized as degrowth communism. This provocative interpretation of the late Marx sheds new lights on the recent debates on the relationship between society and nature and invites readers to envision a post-capitalist society without repeating the failure of the actually existing socialism of the twentieth century.
The Inns of Court under Elizabeth I and the Early Stuarts
Authors: Prest Wilfrid R.
Published: January 2023

The Tudor and Stuart inns of court were major centres of learning and literature, as well as professional associations of practising lawyers. This book sketches the evolution of the inns from their medieval origins and traces the dramatic impact of the societies' rapid expansion through the Elizabethan era and beyond. Prest's comprehensive study based on original sources surveys the structure and functions of the inns, outlining key aspects, from tensions between junior and senior members to the nature and effectiveness of their educational role. Its lively prose locates the inns within the cultural, political, religious, and social context of Shakespearean and pre-civil war England. This corrected and revised second edition of a classic work addresses recent scholarship on the early modern inns of court and includes a new chapter introducing the book to twenty-first-century readers.
ON THE COFINALITY OF THE LEAST -STRONGLY COMPACT CARDINAL
Authors: YOU ZHIXING , YUAN JIACHEN
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we characterize the possible cofinalities of the least
$\lambda $
-strongly compact cardinal. We show that, on the one hand, for any regular cardinal,
$\delta $
, that carries a
$\lambda $
-complete uniform ultrafilter, it is consistent, relative to the existence of a supercompact cardinal above
$\delta $
, that the least
$\lambda $
-strongly compact cardinal has cofinality
$\delta $
. On the other hand, provably the cofinality of the least
$\lambda $
-strongly compact cardinal always carries a
$\lambda $
-complete uniform ultrafilter.
Prison of the Womb: Gender, Incarceration, and Capitalism on the Gold Coast of West Africa, c. 1500–1957
Authors: Balakrishnan Sarah
Published: January 2023

To date, studies of imprisonment and incarceration have focused on the growth of male-gendered penal institutions. This essay offers a provocative addition to the global study of the prison by tracing the emergence of a carceral system in West Africa in the nineteenth century that was organized around the female body. By examining archival testimonies of female prisoners held in what were called “native prisons” in colonial Gold Coast (southern Ghana), this essay shows how birthing, impregnation, and menstruation shaped West Africa penal practices, including the selection of the captives, the duration of their time in prison, and how the prison factored into the legal infrastructure around tort settlements for debts and crimes. The term “prison of the womb” is used here to describe how the West African prison held bloodlines captive, threatening the impregnation of a female kin member as a ticking clock for tort settlement. Furthermore, it will be shown that this institution was imperative to the spread of mercantile capitalism in nineteenth-century Gold Coast.
The rise of halide perovskite semiconductors
Authors: He Chenlu , Liu Xiaogang
Published: January 2023

Advances in metal-halide perovskite semiconductors have significantly influenced light-current conversion technologies. The excellent structural and compositional tunability of perovskites, coupled with their exceptional quantum yields for photoluminescence, make them a promising candidate for optoelectronic devices.
Climatological predictions of the auroral zone locations driven by moderate and severe space weather events
Authors: Maffei Stefano , Eggington Joseph W. B. , Livermore Philip W. , Mound Jonathan E. , Sanchez Sabrina , Eastwood Jonathan P. , Freeman Mervyn P.
Published: January 2023

Auroral zones are regions where, in an average sense, aurorae due to solar activity are most likely spotted. Their shape and, similarly, the geographical locations most vulnerable to extreme space weather events (which we term ‘danger zones’) are modulated by Earth’s time-dependent internal magnetic field whose structure changes on yearly to decadal timescales. Strategies for mitigating ground-based space weather impacts over the next few decades can benefit from accurate forecasts of this evolution. Existing auroral zone forecasts use simplified assumptions of geomagnetic field variations. By harnessing the capability of modern geomagnetic field forecasts based on the dynamics of Earth’s core we estimate the evolution of the auroral zones and of the danger zones over the next 50 years. Our results predict that space-weather related risk will not change significantly in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Mid-to-high latitude cities such as Edinburgh, Copenhagen and Dunedin will remain in high-risk regions. However, northward change of the auroral and danger zones over North America will likely cause urban centres such as Edmonton and Labrador City to be exposed by 2070 to the potential impact of severe solar activity.
Fast calculation of scattering patterns using hypergeometric function algorithms
Authors: Wagener Michael , Förster Stephan
Published: January 2023

The scattering of light, X-rays, electrons or neutrons by matter is used widespread for structural characterization from atomic to macroscopic length scales. With the advent of high-brilliance beam sources and the development fast, large area pixelated detectors, scattering patterns are now acquired at unprecedented frame rates and frame sizes. The slow analysis of these scattering patterns has evolved into a severe bottleneck retarding scientific insight. Here we introduce an algorithm based on the use of hypergeometric functions providing gains in computational speed of up to 105 compared to present numerical integration algorithms. Hypergeometric functions provide analytical descriptions of geometrical shapes, can be rapidly computed as series and asymptotic expansions, and can be efficiently implemented in GPUs. The algorithm provides the necessary computational speed to calculate scattering patterns on timescales required for real-time experiment feedback, the analysis of large volumes of scattering data, and for the generation of training data sets for machine learning.
Obstructive sleep apnea is related to alterations in fecal microbiome and impaired intestinal barrier function
Authors: Li Qianjun , Xu Ting , Shao Chuan , Gao Wenhui , Wang Mingming , Dong Yongquan , Wang Xiumin , Lu Feijie , Li Danqing , Tan Huanyu , Jiang Yin , Xie Qinge , Cai Fengbo , Feng Lijie , Li Taoping
Published: January 2023

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is related to repeated upper airway collapse, intermittent hypoxia, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. The resulting damage to the intestinal barrier may affect or be affected by the intestinal microbiota. A prospective case–control was used, including 48 subjects from Sleep Medicine Center of Nanfang Hospital. Sleep apnea was diagnosed by overnight polysomnography. Fecal samples and blood samples were collected from subjects to detect fecal microbiome composition (by 16S rDNA gene amplification and sequencing) and intestinal barrier biomarkers—intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and D-lactic acid (D-LA) (by ELISA and colorimetry, respectively). Plasma D-LA and I-FABP were significantly elevated in patients with OSA. The severity of OSA was related to differences in the structure and composition of the fecal microbiome. Enriched Fusobacterium, Megamonas, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_006, and reduced Anaerostipes was found in patients with severe OSA. Enriched Ruminococcus_2, Lachnoclostridium, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_006, and Alloprevotella was found in patients with high intestinal barrier biomarkers. Lachnoclostridium and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_006 were the common dominant bacteria of OSA and intestinal barrier damage. Fusobacterium and Peptoclostridium was independently associated with apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). The dominant genera of severe OSA were also related to glucose, lipid, neutrophils, monocytes and BMI. Network analysis identified links between the fecal microbiome, intestinal barrier biomarkers, and AHI. The study confirms that changes in the intestinal microbiota are associated with intestinal barrier biomarkers among patients in OSA. These changes may play a pathophysiological role in the systemic inflammation and metabolic comorbidities associated with OSA, leading to multi-organ morbidity of OSA.
DNase I and chitosan enhance efficacy of ceftazidime to eradicate Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm cells
Authors: Pakkulnan Rattiyaphorn , Thonglao Nuttaya , Chareonsudjai Sorujsiri
Published: January 2023

Biofilm-associated Burkholderia pseudomallei infection contributes to antibiotic resistance and relapse of melioidosis. Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm matrix contains extracellular DNA (eDNA) that is crucial for biofilm establishment. However, the contribution of eDNA to antibiotic resistance by B. pseudomallei remains unclear. In this study, we first demonstrated in vitro that DNase I with the administration of ceftazidime (CAZ) at 24 h considerably inhibited the 2-day biofilm formation and reduced the number of viable biofilm cells of clinical B. pseudomallei isolates compared to biofilm treated with CAZ alone. A 3–4 log reduction in numbers of viable cells embedded in the 2-day biofilm was observed when CAZ was combined with DNase I. Confocal laser-scanning microscope visualization emphasized the competence of DNase I followed by CAZ supplementation to significantly limit B. pseudomallei biofilm development and to eradicate viable embedded B. pseudomallei biofilm cells. Furthermore, DNase I supplemented with chitosan (CS) linked with CAZ (CS/CAZ) significantly eradicated shedding planktonic and biofilm cells. These findings indicated that DNase I effectively degraded eDNA leading to biofilm inhibition and dispersion, subsequently allowing CAZ and CS/CAZ to eradicate both shedding planktonic and embedded biofilm cells. These findings provide efficient strategies to interrupt biofilm formation and improve antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm-associated infections.
Shadows of very high-frequency oscillations can be detected in lower frequency bands of routine stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Vasickova Zuzana , Klimes Petr , Cimbalnik Jan , Travnicek Vojtech , Pail Martin , Halamek Josef , Jurak Pavel , Brazdil Milan
Published: January 2023

Very high-frequency oscillations (VHFOs, > 500 Hz) are more specific in localizing the epileptogenic zone (EZ) than high-frequency oscillations (HFOs, < 500 Hz). Unfortunately, VHFOs are not visible in standard clinical stereo-EEG (SEEG) recordings with sampling rates of 1 kHz or lower. Here we show that “shadows” of VHFOs can be found in frequencies below 500 Hz and can help us to identify SEEG channels with a higher probability of increased VHFO rates. Subsequent analysis of Logistic regression models on 141 SEEG channels from thirteen patients shows that VHFO “shadows” provide additional information to gold standard HFO analysis and can potentially help in precise EZ delineation in standard clinical recordings.
Sinococuline, a bioactive compound of Cocculus hirsutus has potent anti-dengue activity
Authors: Shukla Rahul , Ahuja Richa , Beesetti Hemalatha , Garg Amit , Aggarwal Charu , Chaturvedi Shivam , Nayyar Kaushal , Arora Upasana , Lal Altaf A. , Khanna Navin
Published: January 2023

Dengue virus (DENV) infection has increased worldwide, with over 400 million infections annually, and has become a serious public health concern. Several drug candidates, new and repurposed, have failed to meet the primary efficacy endpoints. We have recently shown that Aqueous Extract of the stem of Cocculus hirsutus (AQCH) was effective in vitro and in vivo against DENV and was safe in humans. We now report that an active ingredient of AQCH, Sinococuline, protects against the antibody-mediated secondary-DENV infection in the AG129 mouse model. DENV infection markers were assessed, viz. serum viremia and vital organs pathologies-viral load, proinflammatory cytokines and intestinal vascular leakage. The treatment with Sinococuline at 2.0 mg/kg/day; BID (twice a day), was the most effective in protecting the severely DENV-infected AG129 mice. Also, this dose effectively reduced serum viremia and tissue-viral load and inhibited the elevated expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in several vital organs. Based on these findings, it could be explored further for pre-clinical and clinical developments for the treatment of dengue.
Luminescent MOFs constructed by using butterfly-like AIE ligands
Authors: Dong Pan-Pan , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Peng Qiu-Chen , Li Hai-Yang , Li Kai , Zang Shuang-Quan , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2023

A series of butterfly-like isomers named oxacalix[2]naphthalene[2]pyrazine (ONP) were conveniently synthesized by a one-step catalyst-free reaction in a facile manner, and they exhibit typical characteristics of aggregation-induced emission (AIE).
Reliability and Reproducibility of Analyzing 3D Transperineal Ultrasound Volumes Obtained in the First Phase of Labor - A Pilot Study
Authors: Caspers Rebecca , Stickeler Elmar , Kennes Lieven Nils , Krawutschke Stefanie , Wynands Rene , Wittenborn Julia , Lecker Linda , Schlayer Friederike , Najjari Laila
Published: January 2023

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and reproducibility of transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) in the initial phase of labor. As TPUS is a common method, it could supplement vaginal palpation and even replace it in certain situations. In addition, we used a 4-dimensional method for the assessment of cervical effacement.

Materials and Methods 54 women in labor were included and underwent TPUS. The resulting images from the acquired 4D volumes were evaluated after the examination for the first time and a second time after 21 days. The measured values were cervical length, dilatation and effacement, the angle of progression (AoP), and head-perineum distance.

Results 54 patients were examined. TPUS images were unable to be evaluated in 12 patients because of cervical dilatation of more than 5 cm or poor image quality. Thus, 42 measurements were included. The concordance correlation coefficients according to Lin are satisfactory overall, with one exception for cervical effacement. The accuracy component of cervical length (CCCLin: 0.93; accuracy: 1.00), dilatation (CCCLin: 0.93; accuracy: 1.00), and AoP (CCCLin: 0.87; accuracy: 1.00) is excellent and still high for the head-perineum distance (CCCLin: 0.89; accuracy: 0.96) and cervical effacement (CCCLin: 0.77; accuracy: 0.97).

Conclusion TPUS is a valuable noninvasive tool with good diagnostic accuracy for the AoP, cervical length, and dilatation. Our study provides support for the use of TPUS to complement a vaginal examination. It should not replace a digital examination but should serve as a suitable alternative method for monitoring labor progression in the future.
Darolutamid beim metastasierten hormonsensitiven Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: January 2023

Auf dem ESMO-Kongress 2022 präsentierte Prof. Karim Fizazi, Villejuif, neue Auswertungen der Phase-III-ARASENS-Studie zur Bewertung der Lebensqualität (LQ) und patientenrelevanter Endpunkte für den oralen Androgenrezeptor-Inhibitor Darolutamid plus Androgendeprivationstherapie (ADT) und Docetaxel bei Patienten mit metastasiertem hormonsensitivem Prostatakarzinom (mHSPC). Darin verbesserte die zusätzliche Gabe von Darolutamid das Sterberisiko im Vergleich zu Placebo signifikant um 32,5 % (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0,68; 95 % Konfidenzintervall [KI] 0,57–0,80). Darüber hinaus verbesserte Darolutamid mehrere Patienten-relevante Endpunkte (PROs).
Numerical investigation of jet-wedge combinatorial initiation for oblique detonation wave in supersonic premixed mixture
Authors: Yao Junyu , Lin Zhiyong
Published: January 2023

The jet-wedge combinatorial initiation (JWCI) is a novel functional form for initiating an oblique detonation wave (ODW) with reduced total drag within the oblique detonation combustor under the conditions of a low Mach number and low static pressure inflow. It can suppress the instability of the detached ODW. The evolution of the combustion wave during combinatorial initiation is dominated by the intersection between the bow shock wave and the oblique shock wave and consists of four stages: the shock-induced combustion stage, the shock–deflagration coupling stage, the hybrid combustion stage, and the oblique detonation stage. Three combustion regimes can be formed by using the JWCI: the shock-induced combustion regime, the hybrid combustion regime, and the oblique detonation combustion regime. These regimes have distinct characteristics of combustion and flow structure that can be controlled by changing two non-dimensional variables: the ratio of momentum flux (J) and the penetration ratio (PR). This is significant as it can facilitate the application of different combustion regimes under a variety of realistic flight conditions. In this study, the criterion for the transformation of the combustion regime is quantitatively investigated, and it is shown that the structure of the combustion wave does not transform until both non-dimensional variables have reached their respective thresholds. J is crucial for determining the combustion regime and facilitating its transformation, but the PR accounts only for the height of the combustion wave structure. The work is beneficial for research on the initiation of the ODW in applications of oblique detonation engines.