bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Paradigms in Audit
Authors: Арабян Кнарик , Arabyan Knarik
Published: March 2019

Th e article analyzes the impact of scientifi c schools on the development of audit, summarizes and highlights the paradigms in audit and examines their evolution.
Predictive Perversity Evaluation of Information in the Entire Population with the Use of Monetary Method
Authors: Кочинев Юрий , Kochinev Yuriy
Published: March 2019

Th e shortcomings of the known monetary method in the use of sample statistical procedures in the audit are analyzed. It is shown that at equal absolute values of distortions of fi nancial information, the use of the monetary method can lead to diff erent results in diff erent conditions. A modifi cation of the monetary method that resolves these shortcomings is proposed.
External Eff ects in the Economy and Audit
Authors: Гутцайт Евгений , Guttsayt E.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with external eff ects (mostly negative) and their manifestation in the audit. It is shown that accounting, audit and a number of related areas of activity can generate both positive and negative external eff ects. The article examines the similarities and diff erences of negative externalities in the environment and in auditing. Several models of externalities formation in audit and related areas are briefl y described.
Cultural Slavery or Freedom? Values at a Crossroads in the 21st Century
Authors: Pecnikova Jana
Published: March 2019

Values have played a major role in the creation and formation of the European cultural space. It was Europe, a continent found at the forefront of ideological, cultural, social and religious revolutions that was involved centrally in continual searching and re-evaluation. Cultural values are not regarded only as a result of a moment of artistic activity with such values having played a key role in the evolution of human society. However, they are still being misused in a period of technical revolution, in a similar manner to the past, when values were misused by ideologies opposing human rights and human dignity. The aim of this analysis is to show the position of freedom as one of the democratic values in contemporary society, one described as a civilization with high level of risk and danger, along with a very visible crisis of trust and responsibility, termed as a crisis of values and cultural slavery.
Jagiellońskie Studia Kulturowe jako projekt kulturoznawczy
Authors: Korporowicz Leszek
Published: March 2019

JAGIELLONIAN CULTURAL STUDIES AS A PROJECT OF CULTURAL STUDIES Research on culture has never really been a single whole. This results not only from the axiological multiplicities and methodological assumptions adopted by individual disciplines, but also from the ontological diversity of the object of analysis itself, the different ways of existence of what was and is called and defined as “culture”. Probably, it will never be possible to encapsulate in a uniform formula the vitality, spontaneity and even the specific mystery of the essence of culture. Culture reflects the essence of humanity contained in a question, not so much about “what” but “who” is a human being in his/her individual and collective identity.
Prioritizing Hepatitis C Treatment in U.S. Prisons
Authors: Ayer Turgay , Zhang Can , Bonifonte Anthony , Spaulding Anne C. , Chhatwal Jagpreet
Published: March 2019

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence in prison systems is about 10 times higher than in the community. As such, prison systems offer a unique opportunity to control the HCV epidemic. New HCV-treatment drugs are very effective, but providing treatment to all inmates is prohibitively expensive unless prices fall. Current practice is to prioritize treatment based on disease severity and puts less emphasis on other factors such as the remaining sentence length and injection drug use behavior. In “Prioritizing Hepatitis C Treatment in U.S. Prisons,” T. Ayer, C. Zhang, A. Bonifonte, A. Spaulding, and J. Chhatwal analyze optimal approaches for treatment prioritization under resource constraints by developing a restless bandit modeling framework. They present an easy-to-implement closed-form index policy to support hepatitis C treatment prioritization decisions in U.S. prisons. They also test their proposed policy using a detailed, realistic agent-based simulation model and shed light on several controversial health policy decisions related to hepatitis C treatment prioritization.
Falling Not Far from the Tree: Entrepreneurs and Organizational Heritage
Authors: Feldman Maryann P. , Ozcan Serden , Reichstein Toke
Published: March 2019

Past research has shown that founders bring important capabilities and resources from their prior employment into their new firms and that these intergenerational transfers influence the performance of these ventures. However, we know little about whether organizational practices also transfer from parents to spawns, and if so, what types of practices are transferred? Using a combination of survey and registrar data and through a detailed identification strategy, we examine these two previously unaddressed questions. Our results provide strong evidence for organizational heritage in practices. About 70% of the comparisons of start-ups and other established organizations are less similar than the average similarity between a parent organization and its spawn and that the overlap in organizational practices is almost 10% greater between a spawn and its parents than between the spawn and other established firms. Our further investigation shows that not all practices seem to find their way into the new entrepreneurial firms. In particular, practices that are valuable for and fit with the requirements of a start-up organization, and at the same time are more clearly defined and casually less ambiguous, are more likely to be transferred by the founders from their previous employers. These results contribute to our understanding of how entrepreneurs assemble their organizations and practice innovation as well as the diffusion of practices and the origins of firm heterogeneity.
Apreendendo a inclusão social sob o olhar das representações sociais
Authors: Paulino Ana Cristina de Oliveira Borba , Coutinho Maria Da Penha de Lima , Costa Fabrycianne Gonçalves
Published: March 2019

Este estudo objetivou apreender as representações sociais (RS) acerca da inclusão social, elaboradas por pessoas com deficiência visual. Participaram deste estudo 30 pessoas com idade entre 18 e 69 anos, M = 34,2 e DP = 14,4, contatadas em duas instituições públicas, que responderam a um questionário psicossociológico e à entrevista em profundidade. Os dados foram processados pelo SPSS 19.0 e pelo Alceste, e analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e análise lexical. Os resultados apontaram que as RS da inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência visual foram objetivadas por meio das expressões: ambiente físico escolar inadequado, dificuldade na acessibilidade urbana, equipe educacional despreparada para lidar com a diversidade, distância entre as leis e sua aplicabilidade e desconhecimento dos direitos sociais. Ancorado na dialética inclusão/exclusão evidenciada nos aspectos multifacetados desse processo, pelos enunciados percebeu-se que os participantes têm consciência da importância da educação no processo de inclusão à sociedade, uma vez que esta propicia o acesso ao mercado de trabalho, ao lazer e à conquista da cidadania. Espera-se que os resultados possam contribuir para uma melhor conscientização por parte da sociedade no que tange à inclusão/exclusão social no contexto da deficiência visual.
"Seminários Livres: Qlínica, com quê?": contribuições de Marcus Vinícius de Oliveira Silva à psicologia brasileira
Authors: Tchalekian Bruna Borba de Araújo , Pereira Yasmin De Sousa
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo inicial sobre o projeto "Seminários Livres: Qlínica, com quê?", construído pelo psicólogo e professor Marcus Vinícius de Oliveira Silva e promovido pelo Laboratório de Estudos Vinculares e Saúde Mental - IPS/UFBA. Os seminários constituíram-se como espaços de formação para alunos e profissionais, visando o fortalecimento do trabalho clínico desenvolvido no âmbito da Rede Psicossocial de Saúde Mental. Serão apresentadas discussões referentes ao trabalho da clínica ampliada e ao desenvolvimento de diagnósticos diferenciais no contexto da saúde pública. Conclui-se que o projeto constituiu-se como espaço potente para fortalecimento e reflexão acerca dos desafios do trabalho da rede e sua difusão configura-se como possibilidade de ampliação dos saberes ali desenvolvidos.
Point-of-care blood tests in decision-making for people over 65 with acute frailty
Authors: McPherson Melinda (Dolly)
Published: March 2019

Background:

National ‘see, treat and discharge’ rates for paramedics have increased. However, despite the rise in demand on paramedic decision-making, there have been few improvements to prehospital diagnostics. Patients aged over 65 years presenting with acute frailty syndromes are a notably complex clinical patient group for whom informed risk stratification in clinical reasoning is paramount.

Methods:

This was a single-site quality improvement project using point-of-care blood testing (POCbT) to help inform decision-making for patients aged above 65 years with acute frailty syndromes.

Results:

This quality improvement project showed a self-reported improved confidence in clinician decision-making and patient disposition with the use of POCbT. This confidence was validated by improved discharge on scene and recontact rates. An unintended outcome of the project was the accumulation of practical knowledge on the use of POCbT in the prehospital arena.

Conclusion:

Continued use of POCbT in the prehospital environment has promise but this is not without limitations. Prehospital services wishing to implement POCbT should focus on demographic identification, staff training and interpretation of results.
Home visits from paramedic practitioners in general practice: patient perceptions
Authors: Proctor Alyesha
Published: March 2019

Background:

As set out in the General Practice Forward View (NHS England, 2016), the success of general practice will rely on new ways of working, including having a multidisciplinary workforce. The role of the paramedic practitioner (PP) working within a GP surgery was proposed in a report by the Primary Care Workforce Commission ( Health Education England, 2015 ). The role involves PPs having their own clinics within the GP surgery, managing a variety of presenting complaints, as well as conducting urgent home visits to assist with GP workload. However, what are patients' perceptions of being attended to by the PP in place of the GP?

Aim:

To explore older patients' perceptions of having PPs, who work in GP surgeries, attend to them on a home visit in place of the GP.

Method:

A qualitative study using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, with thematic analysis.

Findings:

There is confusion regarding the role of the PP, with a strong desire to be informed more about it. However, despite this confusion, there is a positive perception among older patients of having a PP attend to them on a home visit in place of the GP. The patients felt that the PP managed their complaints well, and was equipped with the required skills and knowledge.

Conclusion:

Information needs to be provided to the public to increase awareness of the PP role. The role of the paramedic is changing; however, there is little published research investigating the contribution of paramedics working in primary care. This pilot study serves to highlight areas that require further investigation on the influence of the PP in general practice.
Use of dark humour as a coping mechanism
Authors: Daubney Ellie
Published: March 2019

This month, Ellie Daubney shares the first time she witnessed the use of dark humour on placement in the ambulance service and how her feelings towards it have since evolved
Pendekatan Regresi Data Panel untuk Pemodelan Jumlah Angkatan Kerja dan Penanaman Modal Luar Negeri terhadap PDRB Provinsi di Indonesia
Authors: Syukron Muhammad , Fahri Hafidz Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Indonesia is a country with great economic potency. Indonesia has a vast area and abundant natural products, but until now Indonesia is still a developing country. The Indonesian economy is defeated by other countries such as Japan, China and South Korea even by the neighboring country, Singapore. Increasing the national economy can be started from improving the regional economy which can be measured by gross regional domestic product (GRDP). Indonesia will experience a demographic bonus in 2045 so that the population of productive age is expected to contribute a lot to economic growth. The large number of productive age population must be balanced with the availability of jobs so that this momentum can be fully utilized. Foreign investment can be a solution when domestic capital is insufficient in financing economic activities. In addressing this phenomenon, a statistical analysis of panel data regression was conducted to see the relationship between independent variables, namely the number of labor force and realization of foreign investment, and a dependent variable, namely GRDP at constant prices in 2010 for every province in Indonesia. We use time series data in 2015-2017 and cross-sectional data of 34 provinces in Indonesia taken from BPS official website. The estimation result shows that both independent variables partially and fully have a significant effect on the GRDP with an adjusted R2 of 99.86%.

 

Keywords: Labor force; regression; panel data; foreign capital; GRDP.
Uncanny arts and the aesthetics of cyberneticexistentialism
Authors: Dixon Steve
Published: March 2019

‘Uncanny’ works by a number of contemporary artists are analysed in relation to the themes and insights of both cybernetics and existentialist philosophy. This reveals that central ideas from these largely neglected fields remain current and potent within innovative art practices. Artists employ cybernetic systems to provoke aesthetic sensations of the uncanny, while simultaneously encapsulating existentialist concerns. Pierre Huyghe’s mysterious installation responds to the life-breath of visitors to mutate human cancer cells. Susan Collins and Rafael Lozano-Hemmer construct cybernetic worlds-within-worlds to render us beings-for-others during intimate encounters with strangers. Urich Lau and TC&A involve and implicate the audience in eerie expressions of what existentialist term being-towards-death. These artworks prompt feelings of separation, alienation and existential angst; and emphasize human estrangement within a mysterious, incomprehensible or absurd world. But a cybernetic-existentialist reading also reveals that their evocation of human disquiet and isolation is tempered by an equal emphasis on positive notions of feedback loops, ‘separation with communion’, existential freedom and authentic interactions with the world and with Others. The artworks articulate cybernetics’ and existentialism’s shared interest in collapsing boundaries and erasing distinctions: between agents within a system; between the self and the Other; and between perceiving, feeling and acting.
Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Oxidative Stress and Thyroid Functions.
Authors: GÖÇMEN Ayşe Yeşim , ÇAĞLAYAN Kasım , SILIT Emir
Published: March 2019

Ramadan fasting might be beneficial for digestive health, if appetite control and balanced diet is achieved. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on thyroid glands and some biochemical parameters in Turkish people living in Yozgat region.

A total of 40 healthy subjects (20 men and 20 women) aged between 21-50 years were randomly recruited. Thyroid nodule volumes, thyroid hormones, body weights, glucose, total Cholesterol (TC), and oxidant stress index (OSI) were measured before Ramadan and at the end of Ramadan.

There were beneficial changes in blood parameters and thyroid volumes, after one month of fasting during Ramadan compared with baseline.

The Ramadan fasting might affect the radiological and biochemical parameters in healthy Turkish subjects. To improve the favorable digestive health in Ramadan fasting, diet and lifestyle modifications such as, increased intake of healthy foods and physical exercises might be recommended.
Why not Activated? The Temporary Protection Directive and the Mystery of Temporary Protection in the European Union
Authors: GENÇ H. Deniz , ŞİRİN ÖNER N. Aslı
Published: March 2019

Following the conflicts in former Yugoslavia, temporary protection was introduced as a crucial elementof the European Union’s (EU) response to refugee crises. The EU even adopted a directive, the TemporaryProtection Directive, regarding its implementation. However, despite several refugee crises, it was notactivated. Building on a comprehensive analysis of official documents of European institutions andthe available secondary literature, this article investigates the main reasons behind its inactivation. Itreveals that the real concerns of EU Member States lay in the measures promoting a balance of efforts toprovide temporary protection. In other words, Member States’ concerns over responsibility and burdensharing cast a shadow over temporary protection in the EU. The article concludes that the Directive’sinactivation indicates a crisis of fundamental principles in European integration.Keywords: asylum, European Union, refugee crisis, temporary protection, solidarity
Rethinking the Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979 with the Security Dilemma of the Cold War
Authors: BALCI Meral , DENİZ Esra
Published: March 2019

The case of Iranian Revolution can be interpreted in different ways in the light of the fact that it isstill a revolution that continues to be written and discussed too much about. The study of the IranianRevolution in literature, in general, confronts a growing resistance with the influence of the oppositionpeople who oppose the oppression of the Pahlavi Dynasty dictatorship and grows under the influence ofthe Islamic phenomenon. However, in order to understand the Iranian Revolution, the perspective thatis focused on the internal dynamics will not be sufficient. The external dynamics and the interactionof external dynamics with these actors must be a further perspective that needs to be focused tounderstand this particular revolution.In this article, the differences of the Iranian Revolution are evaluated in a different perspective fromthe point of view of the literature. Rather than explaining the revolution with the historical process, itfocused on the external dynamics that constitute the historical process. While evaluating the externaldynamics, it is explained that the anarchy created by the Cold War in the international system throughthe security dilemma, and that the internal dynamic effect of this dilemma in a strategic country suchas Iran could be realized by developing the anti-imperialist identity building of Khomeini throughdiscourse and integrating all opposition groups. While evaluating the external dynamics, it is explainedthat the anarchy created by the Cold War in the international system through the security dilemma, andthat the internal dynamic effect of this dilemma in a strategic country such as Iran could be realizedby developing the Anti-Imperialist identity building of Khomeini through discourse and realizing theIslamic revolution of all opposition groups.
Convergence analysis of an inertial accelerated iterative algorithm for solving split variational inequality problem
Authors: Ogbuisi Ferdinard U. , Mewomo Oluwatosin T.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we introduce an iterative scheme involving an inertial term and a step size independent of the operator norm for approximating a solution to a split variational inequality problem in a real Hilbert space.
Furthermore, we prove a convergence theorem for the sequence generated by the proposed operator norm independent inertial accelerated iterative scheme.
We applied our result to solve split convex minimization problems, split zero problem and further give a numerical example to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Necessity of Reinterpretation of Sharia in the Thoughts of a Grand Ayatollah: Saanei’s Response to the Challenge of Human Rights in Islam
Authors: Goudarzi Masoumeh Rad , Najafinejad Alireza
Published: March 2019

The common method of the traditional Islamic Jurisprudence in seminaries has been challenged by Ayatollah Yousef Saanei, one of the ten prominent Iranian Grand Ayatollahs. Saanei is well known for attempting to institutionalize a new method of Ijtihad, known as searching Ijtihad, which seeks to reconsider the common mode of understanding religious texts and jurisprudential inferences. His experiences of observing the systematic ineffectiveness and discrimination in popular jurisprudence regarding women’s rights, family, and religious minorities persuaded him to take scientific action in revising the common jurisprudential method. In the present paper, the necessity of revising the common jurisprudential approach in seminaries from Saanei’s point of view is firstly studied. Afterwards, the foundations, principles, and methods of modern Saanei’s Ijtihad will be investigated to determine the structure and foundations of his jurisprudential method and evaluate its impact on resolving the contradictions between traditional perceptions of religion and human rights.
Sellars's Argument for an Ontology of Absolute Processes
Authors: Landy David
Published: March 2019

Scholars have rejected Wilfrid Sellars’s argument for an ontology of absolute processes on the grounds that it relies on a dubious and dogmatic appeal to the homogeneity of color. Borrowing from Rosenthal’s recent defense, but ultimate rejection of homogeneity, I defend this claim on Sellarsian/Kantian transcendental grounds, and reconstruct the remainder of his argument. I argue that Sellars has good reason to suppose that homogeneity is a necessary condition of any possible experience, including indirect experience of theoretical-explanatory posits, and therefore good reason to hold that Reductive Materialism, as he conceives it, is an untenable account of color. The remainder of his argument aims to answer the question of what the metaphysical relation is between the state of an experiencing subject that we take color to be and the colorless microphysical particles that we take to constitute that subject. After rejecting Substance Dualism, Epiphenomenalism, and Wholistic or Emergent Materialism as explanatorily inadequate, Sellars proposes that both color-states and micro-physical particles should be understood as manifestations of an underlying ontology on absolute processes.
Ischemic Preconditioning Improves Strength Endurance Performance
Authors: Carvalho Leonardo , Barroso Renato
Published: March 2019

Carvalho, L and Barroso, R. Ischemic preconditioning improves strength endurance performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3332–3337, 2019—Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been used to improve performances in aerobic and anaerobic activities. However, a few studies aimed at observing the effects of IPC on resistance training. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of IPC on the number of repetitions performed during high-load resistance training. We also aimed at investigating blood lactate concentration and muscle activation in an attempt to understand the physiological mechanisms that may be caused by IPC. Ten resistance-trained participants performed four 5-minute cycles of either IPC (250 mm Hg) or Placebo (10 mm Hg) before performing a single set to failure of knee extension exercise with 85% of 1 repetition maximum. We also assessed muscle activation during the set (EMGRMS), median power frequency (EMGMPF), and blood lactate concentration before, 3, 7, and 11 minutes after (peak value was identified and used to calculate delta to prevalues, Δlactate). Data are presented as mean, 90% confidence intervals (CIs), and were analyzed with paired t-test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Participants performed on average 3.9 repetitions (90% CI = 2.4–5.4; p = 0.01), which is ∼20%, more in the IPC condition. There were no significant differences between IPC and Placebo for EMGMPF (5.0%; 90% CI = −5.2 to 15; p = 0.50), EMGRMS (4.5%; 90% CI = −8.8 to 17; p = 0.78), and Δlactate (44%; 90% CI = 11–144; p = 0.16). Our results demonstrate the effect of IPC just on the number of repetitions performed in high-load resistance exercise compared with the Placebo condition.
Acceleration Pattern and Neuromuscular Response of the Spine and Ankle During the Limits-of-Stability Test
Authors: Kuo Fang-Chuan
Published: March 2019

Kuo, FC. Acceleration pattern and neuromuscular response of the spine and ankle during the limits-of-stability test. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 857–865, 2020—This study aimed to explore the acceleration amplitude, frequency, and electromyography (EMG) activity at the spine, pelvis, and lower extremities under various platform-stability settings. Thirty two young adults (16 men and 16 women) were recruited from a university in Taiwan. A balance system for limits-of-stability testing was used with 2 platform stability settings (i.e., level 4 and static). An inertial motion system and a telemetry EMG system were used to record kinematic and EMG data. Consequently, compared with the level 4 setting, the static-level setting required greater thoracic lateral flexion, pelvic course, and pelvic pitch; greater acceleration amplitudes of the spine, pelvis, and thigh; and greater acceleration frequencies at the shin and ankle. Participants exhibited a significant increase in knee flexion, ankle abduction, foot acceleration, and activity of the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles when the platform stability was decreased. In addition, higher median frequencies of the spine and pelvis and larger amplitudes of the foot were observed under the level 4 setting. The men exhibited a larger range of motion in lumbar joint and thoracic rotation than did the women. To maintain stability, subjects must readjust their head, spine, and ankle movement amplitudes and frequencies depending on the platform stability. The study findings suggest the use of static platform settings for spine control facilitation and unstable platform settings for proprioception and muscle strengthening of lower extremity.
Eliciting Postactivation Potentiation With Hang Cleans Depends on the Recovery Duration and the Individual's 1 Repetition Maximum Strength
Authors: Dinsdale Alexander J. , Bissas Athanassios
Published: March 2019

Dinsdale, AJ and Bissas, A. Eliciting postactivation potentiation with hang cleans depends on the recovery duration and the individual's 1 repetition maximum strength. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1817–1824, 2021—Acutely coupling biomechanically similar resistance exercises (e.g., back squats) with subsequent explosive movements (e.g., countermovement jumps [CMJs]) can elicit an enhancement in explosive force and power production, which is known as postactivation potentiation (PAP). However, limited information exists with regard to the coupling of hang cleans with the CMJ. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the hang clean at eliciting PAP through the systematic appraisal of the implemented recovery interval. Twelve explosively trained male track and field athletes completed 8 randomized protocols. These consisted of a structured warm-up, 3 baseline CMJs performed on a force platform, 3 reps of hang cleans set at 90% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), a randomized rest, and 3 post-CMJs. The rest intervals were set at 0 (T0), 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 3 (T3), 4 (T4), 5 (T5), and 6 (T6) minutes after completing the hang cleans. A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the hang cleans did not elicit PAP, although there were significant (p < 0.05) decreases in jump height (JH) for T0 (−4%), T2 (−3%), and T3 (−3.3%). Interestingly, when splitting the subjects based on absolute 1RM hang clean (above 80 kg = strong and below 80 kg = weak), significant differences (p < 0.05) in JH were observed between the groups at T1 (strong −1.2% and weak +3.8%) and T5 (strong +5.1% and weak −1.9%). Our results suggest that to elicit PAP when using hang-clean protocols, it is important to establish first the function between individual strength levels and recovery duration as this may lead to contrasting optimal performance windows for different explosively trained athletes.
Lactate Concentration Is Related to Skin Temperature Variation After a Specific Incremental Judo Test
Authors: Gomes Moreira Danilo , José Brito Ciro , de Almeida Ferreira José Jamacy , Bouzas Marins João Carlos , López Díaz de Durana Alfonso , Couceiro Canalejo Jorge , Butragueño Revenga Javier , Sillero-Quintana Manuel
Published: March 2019

Gomes Moreira, D, José Brito, C, de Almeida Ferreira, JJ, Bouzas Marins, JC, López Díaz de Durana, A, Couceiro Canalejo, J, Butragueño Revenga, J, and Sillero-Quintana, M. Lactate concentration is related to skin temperature variation after a specific incremental judo test. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2213–2221, 2021—This study aimed to analyze the skin temperature (tsk) response in judokas after a specific incremental test and to determine whether anthropometric and physiological measures can be explained by the variation in mean tsk. A total of 23 male judo athletes (age: 20.1 ± 4.7 years; height: 173.1 ± 8.1 cm; and body mass: 71.7 ± 8.1 kg) performed a specific incremental judo test. Skin temperature evaluations were collected in 26 regions of interest (ROIs), and the mean tsk was calculated using an equation including 10 of them. The time points before the test (pre-test), immediately after (0 minutes), and after 5, 10, and 15 minutes of the test were established to measure the tsk, mean tsk, auricular temperature (tau), and blood lactate (LAC). The athletes completed a mean of 7.0 ± 1.0 stages of the test, 95% confidence interval (CI; 6.2–7.1). The V̇o
2peak achieved was 48.7 ± 5.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, 95% CI (46.4–51.0). Compared with pre-test values, only the forehead significantly decreased 5 minutes after the test (p < 0.05). The posterior right arm and posterior left arm remained increased 10 minutes after the test (p < 0.05). After 15 minutes, 19 of the 26 ROIs analyzed were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Among all tested models of linear regression, only 2 were significant, the difference of tsk 5 minutes compared with pre-test (F
1, 21 = 16.49, p = 0.001) and the difference of tsk 10 minutes compared with pre-test, to predict LAC concentration at the end of the test (F
1, 21 = 9.30, p = 0.006). We concluded that 5 minutes after the test, the judokas present a higher tau and a higher tsk in 7 ROIs, and the tsk decreases 15 minutes after the test in 19 of the considered ROIs. The variation of mean tsk 5 and 10 minutes after the test compared with pre-test values is associated with blood LAC at the end of the test.
A RELEVÂNCIA DO PROGRAMA ACADEMIA CARIOCA DE SAÚDE PARA A POPULAÇÃO IDOSA
Authors: Coração Sóstenes Alves , De Miranda Maria Geralda , Dusek Patricia Maria , Avelar Kátia Eliane Santos
Published: March 2019

O envelhecimento populacional é uma realidade cada vez mais presente na sociedade. Os indivíduos com idade acima de 60 anos têm crescido de forma relevante no mundo, devido um aumento global na esperança de vida ao nascer. Esse cenário traz vários desafios, entre eles assegurar, mediante políticas Públicas, um envelhecimento saudável, ativo e sustentável, como preconizado pela organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). O presente artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a relevância da Academia Carioca de Saúde, no contexto do envelhecimento Ativo e Saudável da População Carioca. O projeto da Academia Carioca de Saúde foi implantado em 2009 no Município do Rio de Janeiro e atende, atualmente, uma demanda de 119.774 pessoas. Foi implantada em 201 unidades de atenção primária de Saúde, sendo um projeto considerado inovador para a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. No entanto, torna-se necessário uma continuidade do investimento e incentivo para essa estratégia, que associadas a ações de outras áreas interdisciplinares proporcionarão uma mudança positiva na qualidade de vida da população idosa e seus determinantes e condicionantes de saúde.
When Your Neighbourhood Changes: Living Through Gentrification in Amsterdam Oud-West
Authors: Rettberg Sophia , Willems Janna
Published: March 2019

This qualitative study investigates the lived experiences of gentrification for locals in the urban neighbourhood of Oud-West in Amsterdam. A gentrification policy was used to turn this neighbourhood with a relatively low socioeconomic status and limited property investment into an attractive area of reinvestment and economic activity. For locals, this strategy resulted in changes to the urban landscape, such as soaring housing prices, new investment projects, tourism, and a new, transient, young urban professional group of inhabitants. Following this demographic change, the locals that have not been physically displaced nevertheless experience a sense of displacement. By analyzing the concept of ‘transience’, this study shows how the relatively short and less integrated stay of global young urban professionals results in a perceived loss of social cohesion. Moreover, this young urban professional population’s increasing demand for an ‘Airspace’ type of hospitality radically changes local and authentic businesses, resulting in a perceived lack of diversity and authenticity. Furthermore, locals report how they experience new inhabitants to be less tolerant towards ‘big city life’, and have a stronger sense of malleability.
Ethical Regulations of Medical Research Involving Human Subjects: Exploring the Perspective of Trial Participants
Authors: Kravets Anna
Published: March 2019

In this paper I address the question of whether the existing ethical regulations of clinical research ensure protection and well-being of human subjects. Drawing on ethnographic data gathered in Berlin, Germany, I show that German institutions which are meant to ensure the ethical validity of clinical research cannot address posed issues. It appears that these institutions (Berlin Ethik-Kommission in particular) only evaluate research protocols and do not consider the broad spectrum of processes and interactions involved in clinical research. The experience of professional human subjects, as well as the consideration of the every-day life in a clinic, shows that there is much more to clinical trials. The argument of this paper is that the inability of institutions to address protection of human subjects originates from the bureaucratic logic of their organization. Drawing on Bauman’s (1992) argument that the bureaucratic machine is characterized by separation between morality and purpose, with the example of Berlin Ethik-Kommission, I argue that the bureaucratic machine cannot be sensitive to morality and ethics, even if these are its main purposes.
Effects of chronically high levels of aldosterone on different cognitive dimensions: an investigation in patients with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Engler Lukas , Adolf Christian , Heinrich Daniel A , Brem Anna-Katharine , Riester Anna , Franke Anna , Beuschlein Felix , Reincke Martin , Steiger Axel , Künzel Heike
Published: March 2019

Primary aldosteronism is a natural model for chronic aldosterone excess in humans and associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Cognitive deficits are inherent to the symptomatology of depression and anxiety disorders. Mineralocorticoid receptors and aldosterone appear to play a role in memory. Aldosterone was additionally supposed to be a risk factor for cognitive decline in patients with essential hypertension. The objective of this study was to investigate possible effects of chronically high aldosterone concentrations on cognitive function. A range of cognitive dimensions were assessed in 19 patients (9 males, 10 females); mean age 47.1 (12.5) under standardized treatment and several rating scales for anxiety, depression, quality of life and sleep were administered. Cognitive parameters were compared to standard norms from a large, healthy standardization sample. Patients showed increased levels of anxiety and depression without meeting diagnostic criteria for a disorder. Besides a numerically lower attention score, patients did not show any significant differences in the cognitive dimensions. Anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with quantitative performance in males. In females, a negative correlation between sleep disturbances and abstract reasoning and a positive correlation with quantitative performance were found. Our data showed no specific effect of chronic aldosterone in the tested cognitive parameters overall at least in younger patients, but they indicate sexually dimorphic regulation processes.
Walking and postural balance in adults with severe short stature due to isolated GH deficiency
Authors: Santana-Ribeiro Ananda A , Moreira-Brasileiro Giulliani A , Aguiar-Oliveira Manuel H , Salvatori Roberto , Carvalho Vitor O , Alvim-Pereira Claudia K , Araújo-Daniel Carlos R , Reis-Costa Júlia G , Andrade-Guimarães Alana L , Oliveira-Santos Alécia A , Vieira Edgar R , Gois-Junior Miburge B
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Walking and postural balance are extremely important to obtain food and to work. Both are critical for quality of life and ability to survive. While walking reflects musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary systems, postural balance depends on body size, muscle tone, visual, vestibular and nervous systems. Since GH and IGF-I act on all these systems, we decided to study those parameters in a cohort of individuals with severe short stature due to untreated isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) caused by a mutation in the GHRH receptor gene. These IGHD subjects, despite reduction in muscle mass, are very active and have normal longevity.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, we assessed walking (by a 6-min walk test), postural balance (by force platform) and fall risk (by the 'Timed Up and Go' test) in 31 IGHD and 40 matched health controls.

Results

The percentage of the walked distance measured in relation to the predicted one was similar in groups, but higher in IGHD, when corrected by the leg length. Absolute postural balance data showed similar velocity of unipodal support in the two groups, and better values, with open and closed eyes and unipodal support, in IGHD, but these differences became non-significant when corrected for height and lower-limb length. The time in 'Timed Up and Go' test was higher in IGHD cohort, but still below the cut-off value for fall risk.

Conclusion

IGHD subjects exhibit satisfactory walking and postural balance, without increase in fall risk.
Defensas antioxidantes en el fluido celómico del erizo negro Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) estimulado con inóculos bacterianos
Authors: Zapata-Vívenes Edgar , Aparicio Gabriela
Published: March 2019

La fagocitosis es una respuesta celular de primera línea mediada por células especializadas denominadas celomocitos-amebocitos. Este proceso permite englobar partículas extrañas o microorganismos, los cuales son eliminados a través de la generación de especies reactivas del oxígeno (ERO). Con la finalidad de evaluar el sistema de defensa antioxidante en el fluido celómico (FC) del erizo de mar negro E. lucunter bajo una alta actividad fagocítica (AF), se procedió a inocular vía membrana peristomial tres cepas bacterianas por separado: E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus y M. lysodeikticus. A las 16 h posinyección, se determinaron la capacidad fagocítica (CF), actividad de catalasa (CAT) y superóxido dismutasa (SOD), niveles de lipoperoxidación (LPO), grupos sulfhidrilos (-SH) y proteínas. Adicionalmente, fue estimado el tiempo de enderezamiento de cada individuo. La CF, CAT y proteínas mostraron incrementos en los organismos inyectados con inoculados bacterianos. Los niveles de LPO, SOD y -SH no mostraron variaciones entre los organismos experimentales. El tiempo de enderezamiento presentó ligeras variaciones en los organismos estimulados con bacterias; revelando a su vez un bajo porcentaje de pérdida y reducción de movimiento de sus espinas y pies ambulacrales. La AF y las proteínas en FC de E. lucunter muestran la efectividad del sistema inmune en presencia de estimulantes microbianos. Los resultados indican que CAT juega un papel preponderante en el FC para evitar cambios en el estatus antioxidante, asociados al estallido respiratorio frente a actividades fagocitarias elevadas. Las respuestas antioxidantes de E. lucunter inmuno-estimulado por bacterias pueden garantizar su sobrevivencia en el hábitat natural.
The Relative Importance of Agricultural and Wetland Habitats to Waterbirds in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta of California
Authors: Shuford W. David , Reiter Matthew , Sesser Kristin , Hickey Catherine , Golet Gregory
Published: March 2019

Biodiversity loss from agricultural intensification underscores the urgent need for science-based conservation strategies to enhance the value of agro-ecosystems for birds and other wildlife. California’s Central Valley, which has lost over 90% of its historical wetlands and currently is dominated by agriculture, still supports waterbird populations of continental importance. A better understanding of how waterbirds use available habitat is particularly needed in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, an ecosystem under threat. From 2013 to 2015, we studied waterbird habitat associations in the Delta during fall migration and winter by conducting diurnal counts at random locations in key waterbird habitats throughout the Delta. Waterbird use of cover types (agricultural crops and managed wetlands) varied substantially among waterbird groups, by season, and among geographic sub-regions of the Delta. Overall, wetlands were particularly important to waterbirds in fall. In winter, wetlands and flooded rice and corn were important to many waterbird groups, and non-flooded corn and irrigated pasture to geese and cranes. The factors that influenced waterbird abundance and distribution also varied substantially among groups and differed at various geographic scales. In both seasons, most groups had a positive association at the field level with flooded ground and open water, and a negative association with vegetation. Given the great uncertainty in the future extent and pace of habitat loss and degradation in the Delta, prioritizing the conservation actions needed to maintain robust waterbird populations in this region is urgent. For the Delta to retain its importance to waterbirds, a mosaic of wetlands and wildlife-friendly crops that accounts for the value of the surrounding landscape must be maintained. This includes restoring additional wetlands and maintaining corn, rice, alfalfa, and irrigated pasture, and ensuring that a substantial portion of corn and rice is flooded in winter.
Estimating the Size Selectivity of Fishing Trawls for a Short-Lived Fish Species
Authors: Mitchell Lara , Newman Ken , Baxter Randall
Published: March 2019

Long-term fish survey monitoring programs use a variety of fishing gears to catch fish, and the resulting catches are the basis for status and trends reports on the condition of different fish stocks. These catches can also be part of the data used to set stock assessment models, which establish harvest regulations, and to fit population dynamics models, which are used to analyze population viability. However, most fishing gears are size-selective, and fish size — among other possible covariates, such as environmental conditions — affects the probability that a fish will be caught in the path the gear sweeps. Failing to properly account for selectivity can adversely affect the ability to interpret and use status and trends measures, stock-assessment models, and population-dynamics models. Our side-by-side gear comparison study evaluated the selectivity of multiple open-water trawl surveys that have provided decades worth of information on the imperiled fish species Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus). We used data from the study to estimate gear selectivity curves for multiple trawls using two methods. The first method examines the total number of fish-at-length caught across all gears, and does not directly use or estimate fish length distribution in the population. The second method examines the total number of fish caught by each gear separately, and explicitly estimates fish length distribution in the population. The results from the two methods were similar, and we found that one trawl was highly efficient at catching larger Delta Smelt. This is the first formal multi-gear evaluation of the relative selectivity of how well survey gear used to monitor Delta Smelt in the San Francisco Estuary selects fish by size, and we plan to incorporate the results into Delta Smelt population models.
Проблеми інноваційного розвитку регіонів в умовах фінансової децентралізації
Authors: Немченко Ганна Валеріївна
Published: March 2019

У статті розглядається вплив інноваційної діяльності на фінансову децентралізацію регіонів, вплив Національного фонду досліджень, грантів, кластерів на інноваційний розвиток країни. Обґрунтовано, що в розробці інноваційно-інвестиційної моделі країни зобов'язані брати участь держава, регіони, використовуючи індикативне планування. Інноваційно-інвестиційна непривабливість - найбільша загроза розвитку України.Пропонується запланувати підприємствам держзамовлення, враховуючи ефект від інновацій, вибираючи найбільш важливі і корисні харчові продукти і технології на конкурсній основі. Доведено, що умовою отримання субсидій від держави повинна бути підтримка малого і середнього бізнесу, інноваційна і екологічна діяльність в регіонах.На сьогоднішній день, перед кожним індивідуумом, підприємствами, регіонами, країнами в цілому гостро стоїть проблема інноваційної діяльності. В епоху глобалізації науково-технічної революції, якщо не застосовувати новації - це означає приректи свою продукцію або послуги на відсталість і знизити конкурентоспроможність, гірше - банкрутство. Тому, важливо приділяти увагу вирішенню проблем інноваційного розвитку регіонів, адже це запорука розвитку.Фінансова децентралізація регіонів передбачає наповнення місцевих бюджетів, перевищення витрат. Це передбачає пошук найбільш ефективних витрат, які здатні приносити значні надходження і забезпечити розвиток регіону в майбутньому.Ресурс наповнення місцевих бюджетів за рахунок продажу земель майже вичерпаний. Неможливо нескінченно поповнювати бюджет за рахунок продажу землі, ціна якої іноді знижується і сприяє розвитку корупції. Плата за землю повинна йти на поліпшення її стану, на природоохоронні заходи.Найважливішим джерелом наповнення бюджету повинна стати інноваційна діяльність, забезпечить стабільне зростання економіки регіону. Це не суперечить створенню інноваційно-інвестиційної моделі розвитку держави.