bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All-carbon stretchable and cavity-free white lasers
Authors: Lu Guan-Zhang , Li Ya-Jhu , Hou Chen-Fu , Ghosh Rapti , Shen Ji-Lin , Wu Meng-Jer , Lin Tai-Yuan , Chen Yang-Fang
Published: May 2022

Flexible, stretchable, and bendable electronics and optoelectronics have a great potential for wide applications in smart life. An environmentally friendly, cost effective and wide-angle emission laser is indispensable for the emerging technology. In this work, circumvent the challenge issue, cavity-free and stretchable white light lasers based on all carbon materials have been demonstrated by integration of fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and crumpled graphene. The typical emission spectrum of the cavity-free laser based on all-carbon materials has a CIE chromaticity coordinate of (0.30, 0.38) exhibiting an intriguing broadband white-light emission. The unprecedented and non-toxic stretchable and white light cavity-free lasers based on all-carbon materials can serve as next-generation optoelectronic devices for a wide range application covering solid-state lighting and future wearable technologies.
Ultra-compact electro-optic modulator based on etchless lithium niobate photonic crystal nanobeam cavity
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Pan Bincheng , Liu Weixi , Dai Daoxin , Shi Yaocheng
Published: May 2022

Photonic crystal (PhC) cavities with high Q factor and low volume have been applied in nonlinear, electro-optic and acoustic-optic devices due to the enhancement of the light-matter interactions. However, there are few devices and research on LiNbO3 (LN) PhC cavities due to the difficulty in making hyperfine structures on LN platform. In this work, we propose a PhC nanobeam cavity on the etchless x-cut LiNbO3-On-Insulator (LNOI). The fabrication-friendly device has been designed based on photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) exhibiting a high Q factor of over 10,000 with the device length of only about 100 µm. Utilizing the electro-optical effect γ13 of LN, we demonstrate an ultra-compact electro-optic modulator based on the PhC nanobeam cavities, which has the modulation efficiency of 1.5 pm/V and the 3 dB bandwidth of 28 GHz.
Generation of 2D Airy beams with switchable metasurfaces
Authors: Xue Xiaoju , Xu Bijun , Wu Bairui , lin jingwei , Wang Xiaogang , Yu Xinning , Lin Lu , Li Hongqiang
Published: May 2022

Airy beams exhibit intriguing characteristics, such as diffraction-free propagation, self-acceleration, and self-healing, which have aroused great research interest. However, the spatial light modulator that generates Airy beams has problems such as narrow operational bandwidth, high cost, poor phase discretization, and single realization function. In the visible region (λ∼532 nm), we proposed a switchable all-dielectric metasurface for generating transmissive and reflective two-dimensional (2D) Airy beams. The metasurface was mainly composed of titanium dioxide nanopillars and vanadium dioxide substrate. Based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase principle, a high-efficient Airy beam can be generated by controlling the phase transition of vanadium dioxide and changing the polarization state of the incident light. The optimized optical intensity conversion efficiencies of the transmissive and reflective metasurfaces were as high as 97% and 70%, respectively. In the field of biomedical and applied physics, our designed switchable metasurface is expected to offer the possibility of creating compact optical and photonic platforms for efficient generation and dynamic modulation of optical beams and open up a novel path for the application of high-resolution optical imaging systems.
Stabilizing Brillouin random laser with photon localization by feedback of distributed random fiber grating array
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Lu Ping , Chen Chen , Mihailov Stephen , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: May 2022

Strong scattering random media can localize light and extend photon lifetime through multiple scattering, which offers opportunities for stabilizing random lasers. Here, we demonstrate a frequency stabilized Brillouin random laser with high coherence enabled by photon localization in random fiber grating array (RFGA). Photon trapping is realized due to wave interference in multi-scattering Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavities between random fiber gratings enabling light localization to prolong photon lifetime. The formation of the high finesse peaks of RFGA suppresses multi-longitudinal modes, which offers single-mode operation at high pump power. The RFGA distributed feedback-based Brillouin random fiber laser (BRFL) maintains a small frequency drift with the pump laser (a phase-locked laser with a linewidth of 100 Hz) at 51 kHz/s for a total change of 620 kHz over 12 s. Note there is no locking between the two lasers, and the beat frequency is measured by the optical heterodyne method. The correlation coefficient change of the measured optical beat frequency is maintained at 4.5%. This indicates that the BRFL is capable of maintaining a small optical frequency difference with the phase-locked pump laser over 12 s thanks to the RFGA capable of trapping photons in the same path, which is a remarkable feature for a random fiber laser. Furthermore, we confirm the single-mode lasing with a long lifetime in the stabilizing BRFL by the replica symmetry behavior and ultralow intensity noise at high pump power. Our findings explore a new approach to stabilize the frequency of Brillouin random lasers passively without commonly used active phase locking laser themes, which makes a simple and cost-effective system.
Third order nonlinearity of a PFCB polymer core rib waveguide
Authors: Nun Moran Bin , Lior Yedidya , Marom Dan M.
Published: May 2022

PFCB is a semi-fluorinated polymer suitable for integrated optics due to its low absorption at the telecommunication wavelength range, compatibility with standard fabrication tools and processes, and thermomechanical robustness. In this work we report the fabrication and characterization of waveguides optimized for Kerr nonlinearity enhancement, comprised of PFCB core and optical-grade Cytop cladding having a 10% index contrast and supporting single-mode operation with an effective mode area of 4 µm2. Propagation loss of 0.9 dB/cm and 1 dB/facet coupling loss using lensed optical fibers having 2.5 µm spot size were obtained, leading to an effective length of Leff =0.82 cm. A nonlinear coefficient of γ=0.18 ± 0.03 (W·m)-1 was measured for both TE and TM polarizations using a four-wave mixing arrangement about 1.55 µm, with no observed nonlinear absorption. A relatively high Kerr coefficient of |n2|=1.9×10−15 cm2/W is derived for PFCB in the telecom wavelength range for the first time.
Self-masking of an optical image in dense fog for an extended object
Authors: Zhao Guanwen , Shui Yuyang , Huang Yuru , Liang Haowen , Liu Yikun , Zhou Jianying
Published: May 2022

Object image quality degrades in fog due to optical scattering and attenuation. We present some unique features for optical imaging of an extended object in dense fog. As the optical imaging is mainly arising from ballistic photons in fog, the scattering photons generate a background that reduces the contrast of the optical image. Self-masking effect is observed for an extended emanating object such that the image recognizability deteriorates with the order that the enclosed structure disappears first and outside boundaries persist longer as the visibility is reduced. The Monte Carlo simulation is carried out for a practical optical imaging system in a fog chamber with a point source, sparsely distributed sources, and with an extended emanating object, and the image process presents some salient features. The experiment conducted in the fog chamber demonstrates good agreement between the numerical simulation and experimental results.
Anomalous diffusion and asymmetric tempering memory in neutrophil chemotaxis
Authors: Dieterich Peter , Lindemann Otto , Moskopp Mats Leif , Tauzin Sebastien , Huttenlocher Anna , Klages Rainer , Chechkin Aleksei , Schwab Albrecht
Published: May 2022

The motility of neutrophils and their ability to sense and to react to chemoattractants in their environment are of central importance for the innate immunity. Neutrophils are guided towards sites of inflammation following the activation of G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptors such as CXCR2 whose signaling strongly depends on the activity of Ca2+ permeable TRPC6 channels. It is the aim of this study to analyze data sets obtained in vitro (murine neutrophils) and in vivo (zebrafish neutrophils) with a stochastic mathematical model to gain deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms. The model is based on the analysis of trajectories of individual neutrophils. Bayesian data analysis, including the covariances of positions for fractional Brownian motion as well as for exponentially and power-law tempered model variants, allows the estimation of parameters and model selection. Our model-based analysis reveals that wildtype neutrophils show pure superdiffusive fractional Brownian motion. This so-called anomalous dynamics is characterized by temporal long-range correlations for the movement into the direction of the chemotactic CXCL1 gradient. Pure superdiffusion is absent vertically to this gradient. This points to an asymmetric ‘memory’ of the migratory machinery, which is found both in vitro and in vivo. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause tempering of temporal correlations in the chemotactic gradient. This can be interpreted as a progressive loss of memory, which leads to a marked reduction of chemotaxis and search efficiency of neutrophils. In summary, our findings indicate that spatially differential regulation of anomalous dynamics appears to play a central role in guiding efficient chemotactic behavior.
Negative feedback may suppress variation to improve collective foraging performance
Authors: Reina Andreagiovanni , Marshall James A. R.
Published: May 2022

Social insect colonies use negative as well as positive feedback signals to regulate foraging behaviour. In ants and bees individual foragers have been observed to use negative pheromones or mechano-auditory signals to indicate that forage sources are not ideal, for example being unrewarded, crowded, or dangerous. Here we propose an additional function for negative feedback signals during foraging, variance reduction. We show that while on average populations will converge to desired distributions over forage patches both with and without negative feedback signals, in small populations negative feedback reduces variation around the target distribution compared to the use of positive feedback alone. Our results are independent of the nature of the target distribution, providing it can be achieved by foragers collecting only local information. Since robustness is a key aim for biological systems, and deviation from target foraging distributions may be costly, we argue that this could be a further important and hitherto overlooked reason that negative feedback signals are used by foraging social insects.
Spatially resolved in silico modeling of NKG2D signaling kinetics suggests a key role of NKG2D and Vav1 Co-clustering in generating natural killer cell activation
Authors: Grewal Rajdeep Kaur , Das Jayajit
Published: May 2022

Natural Killer (NK) cells provide key resistance against viral infections and tumors. A diverse set of activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors (NKRs) interact with cognate ligands presented by target host cells, where integration of dueling signals initiated by the ligand-NKR interactions determines NK cell activation or tolerance. Imaging experiments over decades have shown micron and sub-micron scale spatial clustering of activating and inhibitory NKRs. The mechanistic roles of these clusters in affecting downstream signaling and activation are often unclear. To this end, we developed a predictive in silico framework by combining spatially resolved mechanistic agent based modeling, published TIRF imaging data, and parameter estimation to determine mechanisms by which formation and spatial movements of activating NKG2D microclusters affect early time NKG2D signaling kinetics in a human cell line NKL. We show co-clustering of NKG2D and the guanosine nucleotide exchange factor Vav1 in NKG2D microclusters plays a dominant role over ligand (ULBP3) rebinding in increasing production of phospho-Vav1(pVav1), an activation marker of early NKG2D signaling. The in silico model successfully predicts several scenarios of inhibition of NKG2D signaling and time course of NKG2D spatial clustering over a short (~3 min) interval. Modeling shows the presence of a spatial positive feedback relating formation and centripetal movements of NKG2D microclusters, and pVav1 production offers flexibility towards suppression of activating signals by inhibitory KIR ligands organized in inhomogeneous spatial patterns (e.g., a ring). Our in silico framework marks a major improvement in developing spatiotemporal signaling models with quantitatively estimated model parameters using imaging data.
Diverse lineages of pathogenic Leptospira species are widespread in the environment in Puerto Rico, USA
Authors: Stone Nathan E. , Hall Carina M. , Ortiz Marielisa , Hutton Shelby M. , Santana-Propper Ella , Celona Kimberly R. , Williamson Charles H. D. , Bratsch Nicole , Fernandes Luis G. V. , Busch Joseph D. , Pearson Talima , Rivera-Garcia Sarai , Soltero Fred , Galloway Renee , Sahl Jason W. , Nally Jarlath E. , Wagner David M.
Published: May 2022

Background

Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira bacteria, is a common zoonosis worldwide, especially in the tropics. Reservoir species and risk factors have been identified but surveys for environmental sources are rare. Furthermore, understanding of environmental Leptospira containing virulence associated genes and possibly capable of causing disease is incomplete, which may convolute leptospirosis diagnosis, prevention, and epidemiology.

Methodology/Principal findings

We collected environmental samples from 22 sites in Puerto Rico during three sampling periods over 14-months (Dec 2018-Feb 2020); 10 water and 10 soil samples were collected at each site. Samples were screened for DNA from potentially pathogenic Leptospira using the lipL32 PCR assay and positive samples were sequenced to assess genetic diversity. One urban site in San Juan was sampled three times over 14 months to assess persistence in soil; live leptospires were obtained during the last sampling period. Isolates were whole genome sequenced and LipL32 expression was assessed in vitro.

We detected pathogenic Leptospira DNA at 15/22 sites; both soil and water were positive at 5/15 sites. We recovered lipL32 sequences from 83/86 positive samples (15/15 positive sites) and secY sequences from 32/86 (10/15 sites); multiple genotypes were identified at 12 sites. These sequences revealed significant diversity across samples, including four novel lipL32 phylogenetic clades within the pathogenic P1 group. Most samples from the serially sampled site were lipL32 positive at each time point. We sequenced the genomes of six saprophytic and two pathogenic Leptospira isolates; the latter represent a novel pathogenic Leptospira species likely belonging to a new serogroup.

Conclusions/Significance

Diverse and novel pathogenic Leptospira are widespread in the environment in Puerto Rico. The disease potential of these lineages is unknown but several were consistently detected for >1 year in soil, which could contaminate water. This work increases understanding of environmental Leptospira diversity and should improve leptospirosis surveillance and diagnostics.
Representation of professions in entertainment media: Insights into frequency and sentiment trends through computational text analysis
Authors: Baruah Sabyasachee , Somandepalli Krishna , Narayanan Shrikanth
Published: May 2022

Societal ideas and trends dictate media narratives and cinematic depictions which in turn influence people’s beliefs and perceptions of the real world. Media portrayal of individuals and social institutions related to culture, education, government, religion, and family affect their function and evolution over time as people perceive and incorporate the representations from portrayals into their everyday lives. It is important to study media depictions of social structures so that they do not propagate or reinforce negative stereotypes, or discriminate against a particular section of the society. In this work, we examine media representation of different professions and provide computational insights into their incidence, and sentiment expressed, in entertainment media content. We create a searchable taxonomy of professional groups, synsets, and titles to facilitate their retrieval from short-context speaker-agnostic text passages like movie and television (TV) show subtitles. We leverage this taxonomy and relevant natural language processing models to create a corpus of professional mentions in media content, spanning more than 136,000 IMDb titles over seven decades (1950-2017). We analyze the frequency and sentiment trends of different occupations, study the effect of media attributes such as genre, country of production, and title type on these trends, and investigate whether the incidence of professions in media subtitles correlate with their real-world employment statistics. We observe increased media mentions over time of STEM, arts, sports, and entertainment occupations in the analyzed subtitles, and a decreased frequency of manual labor jobs and military occupations. The sentiment expressed toward lawyers, police, and doctors showed increasing negative trends over time, whereas the mentions about astronauts, musicians, singers, and engineers appear more favorably. We found that genre is a good predictor of the type of professions mentioned in movies and TV shows. Professions that employ more people showed increased media frequency.
Brood reduction caused by sibling cannibalism in Isodontia harmandi (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae), a solitary wasp species building communal brood cells
Authors: Imasaki Yui , Endo Tomoji
Published: May 2022

Sibling rivalry or brood reduction prevailing within bird nests is effectively avoided in solitary aculeate nests because the larvae of wasps and bees usually develop in each brood cell. However, a solitary wasp species,Isodontia harmandi, allows us to study brood reduction in a communal brood cell, where up to a dozen larvae develop in a group relying on prey provisioned by a female wasp. To demonstrate brood reduction in this species, we collected nests at various developmental brood stages from fields for five years (2010–2015). There was a significant decrease in the brood size between the nests sampled at the egg or hatchling stages and those at later stages when analyzing only data excluding nests that were parasitized, attacked by predators, or containing deteriorated prey. In whole brood-rearing experiments, we also confirmed that brood reduction occurred in 30 of 39 nests during larval stages and in 23 nests after cocoon stage. Larval survival was affected positively by total prey weight and negatively by brood size, though cocoon survival was not affected. A third-quarter (76%) of larval death was identified as sibling cannibalism through observation by time-lapse recording on multi-larvae rearing experiments. Therefore, we conclude that brood reduction routinely occurs as a result of sibling cannibalism inI.harmandi. Additionally, as we could not detect any positive effects of clutch size on the amount of provision, female wasps might overproduce offspring due to the unpredictability of available prey resources. Differences in brood size and reduction among sex categories were undetected, except for parental provisions. Thus, sibling cannibalism may efficiently regulate brood size in communal brood cells under prey shortage.
Telephone-based support for physical activity: Results and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ylitalo Kelly R. , Cox Wendy , Lucas Raejone , Smith Jordan , Pettee Gabriel Kelley , Rafalski Matthew , Gill John , Niceler Brock
Published: May 2022

Physical activity is essential to maintain physical and mental well-being. During the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person physical activity opportunities were limited. This paper describes a telephone-based physical activity support strategy among racially/ethnically diverse patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adult patients at a large, Federally Qualified Health Center with an on-site exercise facility referral were eligible to transition to telephone support with personal fitness advisors during the pandemic stay-at-home orders. Baseline surveys assessed physical activity and environmental characteristics; follow-up phone calls used motivational interviewing and physical activity goal setting strategies. From March 23-July 23, 2020, 72 patients participated in 270 phone calls, or 3.8 (±2.1) calls per participant. Participants were, on average, aged 51.3 (±11.6) years, 87.5% female, 31.9% Hispanic/Latino, and 47.2% non-Hispanic Black. Patients meeting physical activity guidelines pre-pandemic reported more planned exercise (100.0% vs. 55.3%; p<0.001), exercise days at home (5.0 vs. 1.7; p<0.001), and accomplishment of personal physical activity goals (57.0% vs. 39.7%; p = 0.11) than patients not meeting guidelines pre-pandemic. Patients with a home treadmill participated in twice the rate of calls compared to those without (RR = 2.22; 95%CI:1.35,3.64), but no other home environmental characteristics predicted participation rate. Pre-pandemic physical activity behavior appeared to predict pandemic physical activity and telephone-based physical activity support was effective for maintaining physical activity for some participants. Long term applications of this work will support continuity of clinic-community partnerships for health behavior change and provide a model for patient physical activity support by community health centers without on-site exercise facilities.
Burden of disease and associated complications of hepatitis a in children and adults in Mexico: A retrospective database study
Authors: Guzman-Holst Adriana , Luna-Casas Gerardo , Burguete Garcia Ana , Madrid-Marina Vicente , Cervantes-Apolinar Maria Yolanda , Andani Anar , Huerta-Garcia Gloria , Sánchez-González Gilberto
Published: May 2022

Background

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a leading cause of viral hepatitis in children, yet the HAV vaccine is not included in the national immunization program (NIP) in Mexico. This study addresses an identified evidence gap of the burden of hepatitis A disease, complications, and associated costs in Mexico by analyzing surveillance and healthcare data. Data review included disease morbidity (incidence and hospitalization), mortality, and healthcare resource utilization costs.

Methods

In this observational, retrospective database study, we conducted a systematic screening, extraction, and analysis of outcome data from the national surveillance system in Mexico from January 2000 to December 2019.

Results

During the analysis period (2000–2019), the average incidence rate/year of HAV cases was 14.7 (5.4–21.5) per 100,000 inhabitants. Children 1–9 years of age (YoA) had the highest average incidence rate/year with 47.8 (14.7–74.5). The average hospitalization rate/year due to HAV infection was 5.8% (2.9–9.6%). Although the highest burden of HAV continued to be in children (1–9 YoA), an increase in incidence and hospitalizations (with complications) in older age groups (≥ 10–64 YoA) was observed. The annual average fatality rate was estimated to be 0.44% (0.26–0.83%) of which 28.8% of deaths were concentrated in adults ≥ 65 YoA. The total direct costs of medical attention due to HAV and related complications were estimated at $382 million Mexican pesos.

Conclusion

The overall results suggest an uptrend in HAV infections in adolescents/adults compared to children in Mexico. Therefore, as the overall incidence risk of HAV infection decreases, the mean age of infection increases. This consequently increases the risk of severity and complications in older age groups, thus increasing the demand for healthcare resources. Our findings provide evidence for including the inactivated HAV vaccine in the Mexican NIP.
STEAM-DWI as a robust alternative to EPI-DWI: Evaluation in pediatric brain MRI
Authors: Gräfe Daniel , Päts Anne , Merkenschlager Andreas , Roth Christian , Hirsch Franz Wolfgang , Frahm Jens , Voit Dirk
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an essential element of almost every brain MRI examination. The most widely applied DWI technique, a single-shot echo-planar imaging DWI (EPI-DWI) sequence, suffers from a high sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneities. As an alternative, a single-shot stimulated echo acquisition mode diffusion-weighted MRI (STEAM-DWI) has recently been re-introduced after it became significantly faster. The aim of the study was to investigate the applicability of STEAM-DWI as a substitute to EPI-DWI in a daily routine of pediatric radiology.

Methods

Retrospectively, brain MRI examinations of 208 children with both EPI-DWI and STEAM-DWI were assessed. Visual resolution and diagnostic confidence were evaluated, the extent of susceptibility artifacts was quantified, and contrast-to-noise ratio was calculated in case of diffusion restriction. Furthermore, the correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient values between STEAM-DWI and EPI-DWI was tested.

Results

STEAM-DWI was inferior to EPI-DWI in visual resolution but with higher diagnostic confidence and lower artifact size. The apparent diffusion coefficient values of both sequences demonstrated excellent correlation. The contrast-to-noise ratio of STEAM-DWI was only half of that of EPI-DWI (58% resp. 112%).

Conclusion

STEAM-DWI is a robust alternative to EPI-DWI when increased susceptibility artifacts are to be expected. Drawbacks are a lower contrast-to-noise ratio and poorer visual resolution.
Factors affecting prolonged time to extubation in patients given remimazolam
Authors: Shimamoto Yoko , Sanuki Michiyoshi , Kurita Shigeaki , Ueki Masaya , Kuwahara Yoshie , Matsumoto Ayumu
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To analyze the cause of prolonged recovery from general anesthesia with remimazolam.

Methods

We studied 65 patients under general anesthesia with remimazolam. According to time to extubation, patients were divided into short period (SP) (n = 34, < 15 min) and long period (LP) (n = 31, ≥ 15 min) groups. Variables affecting time to extubation such as age, sex, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), plasma albumin concentration, ASA class, duration of surgery, and total duration of general anesthesia, and total dose of remimazolam were compared between SP and LP groups. At the end of remimazolam infusion and upon extubation, predictive remimazolam concentrations were calculated using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic three compartment modeling.

Results

LP group showed significantly higher BMI, older age, and lower plasma albumin concentration compared with those of SP group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of time to extubation of ≥ 15 min was higher in patients with BMI greater than 22.0 kg/m2 (AUC 0.668, 95% CI 0.533‒0.803), ages older than 79.0 years (AUC 0.662, 95% CI 0.526‒0.798), and plasma albumin concentrations lower than 3.60 g/dl (AUC 0.720, 95% CI 0.593‒0.847). LP group showed significantly lower predicted remimazolam concentration than SP group upon extubation despite no difference in concentration between both groups at the end of infusion. Pharmacological analysis estimates that LP group is more sensitive to remimazolam than SP group through amplified responses.

Conclusions

Lower remimazolam doses should be considered for the overweight patients, elderly, and those with lower plasma albumin concentration.
Pseudorabies virus tegument protein UL13 recruits RNF5 to inhibit STING-mediated antiviral immunity
Authors: Kong Zhengjie , Yin Hongyan , Wang Fan , Liu Zhen , Luan Xiaohan , Sun Lei , Liu Wenjun , Shang Yingli
Published: May 2022

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) has evolved various immune evasion mechanisms that target host antiviral immune responses. However, it is unclear whether and how PRV encoded proteins modulate the cGAS-STING axis for immune evasion. Here, we show that PRV tegument protein UL13 inhibits STING-mediated antiviral signaling via regulation of STING stability. Mechanistically, UL13 interacts with the CDN domain of STING and recruits the E3 ligase RING-finger protein 5 (RNF5) to promote K27-/K29-linked ubiquitination and degradation of STING. Consequently, deficiency of RNF5 enhances host antiviral immune responses triggered by PRV infection. In addition, mutant PRV lacking UL13 impaired in antagonism of STING-mediated production of type I IFNs and shows attenuated pathogenicity in mice. Our findings suggest that PRV UL13 functions as an antagonist of IFN signaling via a novel mechanism by targeting STING to persistently evade host antiviral responses.
Art education and the practice of freedom
Authors: Bastos Flávia
Published: May 2022

From your perspective, what is the place of social justice education (and politics) in the art classroom? Are these topics a distraction from the disciplinary content of visual arts education, as you understand it? From your perspective, what is the disciplinary content of art education?
Message from the mothership: Futurist art pedagogy for Black lives
Authors: Brown Kathy J. , Cross Lauren
Published: May 2022

From your perspective, what is the place of social justice education (and politics) in the art classroom? Are these topics a distraction from the disciplinary content of visual arts education, as you understand it? From your perspective, what is the disciplinary content of art education?
The lamentable consequences of blurring the boundaries
Authors: Kamhi Michelle Marder
Published: May 2022

For your purposes as an art educator, how do you define ‘art’ and ‘artist’? Some critics argue that, in today’s art world, the ‘institutional’ definition of art reigns. What other definitions of art seem credible and useful to you as an art
educator?
Art education and art world
Authors: Siegesmund Richard
Published: May 2022

For your purposes as an art educator, how do you define ‘art’ and ‘artist’? Some critics argue that, in today’s art world, the ‘institutional’ definition of art reigns. What other definitions of art seem credible and useful to you as an art
educator?
Aumento de rescates en espacios naturales durante Semana Santa 2021 en Cataluña: una consecuencia indirecta de la COVID-19
Authors: Saladié Òscar , Bustamante Edgar
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el número, la distribución temporal y la distribución espacial de los rescates de personas en espacios naturales realizados por los Bomberos de la Generalitat de Cataluña. Se han comparado las cifras de Semana Santa 2021 con las de Semana Santa de los cuatro años anteriores al inicio de la pandemia COVID-19 (2016-2019). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el número de rescates aumentó de manera significativa (2,5 veces). El incremento en el número de rescates realizados se produjo en mayor medida durante la primera mitad del día y en espacios naturales situados a cotas bajas (≤ 500 m s. n. m.), sin figura de protección específica y cercanos (≤ 50 km) a las ciudades más pobladas. Como ya sucedió durante el verano de 2020, los espacios naturales de Cataluña experimentaron un aumento en el flujo de visitantes y, en consecuencia, un incremento de los accidentes y de los rescates. Los resultados de esta investigación son de interés tanto para los gestores de los servicios de emergencias, como para los gestores de los espacios naturales y abren la puerta a futuras líneas de investigación para analizar la naturaleza efímera o permanente de esta dinámica.
Removal of Copper(II) Ion using Nanochitosan/Carboxymethyl
Cellulose/Grapheme Oxide Composite Biosorbent
Authors: Sugashini S. , Gomathi T. , Pavithra S. , Sudha P.N. , Kamala Florence J. Annie , Mubashirunnisa A.
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed to prepare a novel biosorbent of nanochitosan (NCS)/carboxymethyl cellulose
(CMC)/graphene oxide (GO) and used to remove Cu(II) ion from wastewater system. The prepared
nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. The FTIR and XRD results
revealed the formation of novel NCS/CMC/GO nanocomposite. Rough surface morphology of
nanocomposite was confirmed from the SEM analysis results. The removal efficiency of Cu(II) ion
was evaluated through batch mode by varying pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial metal ion
concentration. The maximum removal of Cu(II) ion was 80.1% at pH 4, 92.4% at 360 min contact
time and about 89.2% for 3 g adsorbent dose. Theoretical models such as Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich
isotherm, and kinetics models were used to evaluate the experimental results. After examining, the
results revealed that the adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order models.
The adsorption capacity of the prepared nanocomposite was 145.22 mg/g.
Photoelectrochemical Efficiency Applications of Antimony-doped
Tin Oxide Thin Film by Thermal Evaporation Technique
Authors: Anwar P. Mohamed , Muruganantham S. , Fathima M. Ismail , Ayeshamariam A. , Mohamed S. Beer , Benhaliliba M. , Kaviyarasu K.
Published: May 2022

Antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) Sb–SnO2 has been prepared by thermal evaporation technique on
indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. The prepared ATO thin film was characterized by X-ray
diffraction technique (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy (EDAX), UV-vis’s spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and
photoluminescence studies (PLS) at room temperature, 250 and 500 ºC. Furthermore, the as-fabricated
ATO/indium tin oxide device was subjected to electrical measurements, was determined at room
temperature and 500 ºC without etching, chemical etching and photoetching processes. Post-treatment,
such as annealing and etching, electrochemical photocurrent results showed that the maximum
photoelectrochemical performance without etching at 500 ºC of the PEC cell.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Some Transition
Metal Complexes with Novel Schiff Base having 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Moiety
Authors: Walke Apeksha W. , Kathale Niren E.
Published: May 2022

Some transition metal ions [Zr(IV), Co(II), Cu(II), Cr(III), Ag(I), Pd(II)] complexes were synthesized
by reacting anisaldehyde, thiosemicarbazide and 2-(4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)benzoic acid to form
(4-[2{5-[(4-methoxy-benzylidene)amino][1,3,4]thiadiazole-2-yl}phenylimino)methyl]phenol ligand.
Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-visible,
NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR), thermal analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility and
antimicrobial study. Zone of inhibition as well as MIC has been evaluated against E. coli (MTCC443),
S. aureus (MTCC1688), P. aeruginosa (MTCC96), C. albicans (MTCC227), A. niger (MTCC82)
organisms comparing with standard antimicrobial and antifungal drugs. TGA/DTA of the synthesized
metal complexes shows the thermal stability and non-spontaneous nature of decomposition. It also
shows multi-step degradation behaviour and final weight loss with respect to the formation of metal
oxide and residue.
Simultaneous Estimation of Levodopa and Carbidopa in Mice Plasma by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Tripathy Swarnajeet , Bose Anindya , Sahu Prafulla Kumar , Rout Sudhanshu Sekhar , Ravi Kumar Bera Varaha Venkata , Panda Sagar Suman , Sharma Susrita
Published: May 2022

A simple and sensitive liquid chromatographic method along with tandem mass detection has been
developed for the determination of levodopa and carbidopa in mice plasma. Owing the hydrophilic
nature of both the analytes, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) setup was used
for their separation by a Merck (Germany) HILIC column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm; 200 Å). The mobile
phase composed equal proportion of water and acetonitrile both containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow
rate of 1.4 mL/min to achieve rapid separation of the compounds. The column was coupled with a
triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source using
multi reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis. Since, recovery of both analytes in mice plasma posed
significant challenge, a customized extraction procedure based on protein precipitation was adopted
with best recovery. The optimized HILIC-MS/MS condition led to yield lower limit of quantification
(LLOQ) of 9.9 ng/mL and 2.47 ng/mL for levodopa and carbidopa, respectively. The method was
validated with suitable determination of correlation coefficient (R2: 0.997), precision (1.6-17.2%),
accuracy (84.7-120%). Successful application of this validated method was accomplished for analytes
in biological samples.
UJI KERENTANAN SMART HOME MENGGUNAKAN METODE SQUARE UNTUK MENDUKUNG SMART CAMPUS
Authors: Arini Arini , Rozy Nurul Faizah , Malik Matin Iik Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Transformasi teknologi saat ini telah berdampak pada banyak aspek termasuk pada dunia pendidikan. Kampus sebagai penyelenggara pendidikan tinggi dituntut dapat bertransformasi untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dengan pendekatan teknologi. Smart campus merupakan teknologi yang dapat mengintegrasikan proses bisnis organisasi seperti pembelajaran, manajemen perpustakaan, dan manajemen kampus lainnya. Smart campus dapat diintegrasikan dengan smart home. Perangkat-perangkat smart home seperti gadget, laptop, speaker yang dapat dikontrol secara otomatis dapat menunjang kegiatan akademik. Namun keamanan menjadi hal yang krusial. Kampus sebagai penyedia layanan akademik harus menjamin keamanan informasi demi keberlangsungan kegiatan akademik. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu uji kerentanan pada smarthome untuk mendukung smart campus untuk menjamin keamanan proses bisnis organisasi. Penelitian ini kami melakukan pengujian kerentanan pada smarthome menggunakan metode SQUARE. Pengujian menargetkan pada teknologi teleconference dan e-learning. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa usulan-usulan persayaratan keamanan sebagai mitigasi risiko serangan jaringan pada smarthome. 
 
The current technological transformation has had an impact on many aspects, including the world of education. Campuses as providers of higher education are required to be able to transform to improve the quality of education with a technological approach. Smart campus is a technology that can integrate organizational business processes such as learning, library management, and other campus management. Smart campus can be integrated with smarthome. Smart home devices such as gadgets, laptops, speakers that can be controlled automatically can support academic activities. But security is crucial. Campuses as academic service providers must ensure information security for the continuity of academic activities. For that we need a vulnerability assessment on smarthomes to support smart campuses to ensure the security of the organization's business processes. In this study, we conducted vulnerability testing on smarthomes using the SQUARE method. testing targets teleconferencing and e-learning technologies. The results of this study are in the form of proposals for security requirements to mitigate the risk of network attacks on smarthomes.
Fostering Post-Traumatic Growth in College Classrooms During COVID-19
Authors: Kutza Dawn , Cornell Katherine
Published: May 2022

Almost everything has changed. Aside from losing social connections, academic support structures, and enrichment opportunities, students face new anxieties about health, loved ones, and financial security within an uncertain economy. The sudden loss of control and unanswered questions about the future may leave many feeling helpless, fearful, angry, or grieving. In the middle of this global crisis, does classroom learning and traditional curricula suddenly feel less relevant? With attention on more salient problems and a complexity of emotions students can’t begin to process, where will the motivation and focus to learn come from? How can faculty account for this in their teaching? Feeling at a loss, I was delighted when a former student reached out to discuss these topics. Through a series of individual personal reflections and conversations, we explored ways of interpreting this adversity and ultimately co-created meaning in ways we hope will benefit both students and faculty, whether future learning is conducted virtually or face-to-face. We found great value in illustrating our experiences using Tedeschi and Calhoun’s 2004 conceptualization of posttraumatic growth, which entails positive psychological change experienced as a result of the struggle to make sense of a highly challenging life circumstance—one such as COVID-19, which can shatter our worldview, shake us from our ordinary perceptions, and force us to rebuild ourselves and find deeper meaning. Specifically, we discussed: What choices do students have in responding to the current situation and how can faculty support positive growth choices? What could posttraumatic growth look like during the COVID-19 pandemic? What is deliberative cognitive exploration, how can it foster growth, and how can faculty encourage it in their classrooms? What types of growth “outcomes” could not only give us purpose and meaning in this time, but also build resilience, and perhaps make us even better than before?
La evaluación educativa: una mirada más allá de lo evidente Un caso de Competencias Comunicativas II.
Authors:   Educational assessment: a look beyond the obviousA case of communicative competence II, Pertuz Córdoba Wilfran
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo da cuenta de los resultados de un estudio de caso realizado en el marco de la evaluación educativa, tomando como muestra a un grupo de estudiantes de la asignatura Competencias Comunicativas II, que busca fortalecer los procesos de escritura de los estudiantes de diversos programas de la Universidad del Norte. La misma se inicia con una mirada a la práctica docente bajo la óptica de algunas concepciones teóricas actualizadas que ratifican que la evaluación no ha de concebirse como un fin, sino como un medio para realizar diagnósticos y así comprender mejor las dinámicas de los procesos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes en un marco disciplinar.
Effect of Brushing Time with a Whitening Dentifrice on Surface Roughness of Anterior Composite ResinsRoughness of Anterior Composite Resi
Authors:   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey, dt.ahmethazar@yahoo.com.tr, Hazar Ahmet , Akgül Sinem ,   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, sinemakipek@gmail.com, Koçak Sibel ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey, sibel_tazegul@yahoo.com, Murat Koçak Mustafa ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey, mmuratkocak@yahoo.com
Published: May 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the surface roughness of three anterior composite resins with different filler size, rate, and shape after brushing for 5000, 10000, and 20000 cycles with a whitening dentifrice. Methods: 44 disk-shaped specimens of each material (5mm diameter, 2mm depth) G-aenial Anterior, Harmonize, Asteria were prepared and divided into four groups according to the brushing cycles (Initial, 5000, 10000, and 20000 cycles). Initial surface roughness values (Ra-values) were assessed using a profilometer and measurements were repeated after each brushing cycle. 4 specimens from each composite resin were observed by scanning electron microscopy before and after brushing. The data were analyzed by Shapiro Wilk., ANOVA, Tukey, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05). Results: The Ra-values of all groups increased in proportion to the number of brushing cycles (p<.05). The Ra-values of both Asteria and Harmonize were significantly lower than the G-aenial after all brushing cycles (p<0.05). Conclusion: All of the materials demonstrated surface irregularities after 20.000 brushing cycles corresponding to 24 months. The degree of surface alteration increased with brushing time and depends on the composite’s filler rate, size, and shape.
Relation between Blood Parameters and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membrane Size for Ocular Graft
Authors: Sudrajat Nandang , Nurhidayat Bimanda Rizki , Putra Oggy Satriya , Loebis Rozalina , Zuhria Ismi
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between blood parameters and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane size for ocular graft. Methods: Total of 12 New Zealand white rabbits, 6.5 ml of blood samples was taken for each rabbit, including 5 ml for platelet-rich fibrin membrane production using L-PRF protocol (centrifugation at 2700 rpm for 12 minutes) 1.5 ml for evaluation of blood parameters. Measurement of blood parameters consists of fibrinogen, haemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and platelet. Measurement of the platelet-rich fibrin membrane area was done using a calibrated photograph and ImageJ software. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to evaluate each scattergram statistically. Results: Linear regression analysis found a significant positive effect on the PRF membrane area on the fibrinogen (r = 0.802, p = 0.02), WBC (r = 0.625, p = 0.03) and platelet (r = 0.839, p = 0.001). However, there was no apparent correlation to haemoglobin (r = 0.514, p = 0.087), RBC (r = 0.548, p = 0.065) and hematocrit (r = 0.454, p = 0.138). Conclusions: The area of the PRF membrane has a positively significant relation to the fibrinogen, WBC and platelets. The data in this study can be used to estimate the size of the PRF membrane as an ocular graft.
Inverted Classroom and Learning of Natural Sciences in High School Students in Times of Pandemic
Authors: Lira Luis Alberto Núñez , Trujillo Lida Violeta Asencios , Trujillo Lucia Asencios , Longobardi Carlos Jacinto La Rosa , Ayala Óscar Alberto Urbano
Published: May 2022

The inverted classroom is a methodology that allows learning drivers to adapt efficiently, and in a multidisciplinary way, to the contents of the area we practice, to the objectives and to the abilities of the student, generating commitments from both the teacher and the student for their professional success. For the research, a quasiexperimental methodology was used with a student population of fifty young people of both sexes, with a control and experimental group, for whose execution four didactic procedures were carried out with their respective input-output evaluations. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the permanent improvement in the learning of natural sciences with increasing trends (means) and decreasing trends (standard deviation); that is, better learning and the homogenization of the group. Studies on the subject have shown its effectiveness in learning processes and where positive reactions as well as reorientation of students are evident.