bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of summer environment on growing lambs under hot semi-arid tropical region
Authors: De Kalyan , Kumawat Pankaj Kumar , Sharma Shivendra , Jain Tarun Kumar , Mohapatra Arpita , Kumar Davendra , Sahoo Artabandhu
Published: January 2022

Extended hot summer is a major constrain in animal production in the semi-arid tropical region. However, the adult native sheep is well-adapted to this climatic condition. Nonetheless, the adaptability of growing lambs in summer conditions is yet to be explored for sustainable sheep production. Therefore, the present study was carried out to assess the effect of summer environment on the growing lambs under hot semi-arid region. For this purpose, sixteen Malpura weaner lambs of 3-4 months of age were selected and equally distributed into two groups, viz. C and T. The lambs of T groups were kept inside the psychometric chamber in different temperature and humidity schedules simulated with the summer average temperature and humidity of the last 10-year of the semi-arid tropics. The lambs of C groups were kept inside the pen in a thermocomfort environment with the same space availability of T group lambs. The lambs of both the groups were provided with adlibitum feed and water. The water intake, respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature of T group lamb was significantly (P<0.05) higher as compared to C group lambs. The summer exposure (T) reduced (P<0.01) the feeding and rumination time whereas increased (P<0.01) the panting in lambs as compared to C group. The endocrine profile did not varied (P>0.05) with the simulated summer exposure of semi-arid region in lambs. The present study reflected that the native Malpura growing lamb modifies their behavior and thermoregulatory responses to counter the extreme summer of the semi-arid region.
The Effect of Superbrain Yoga Exercises On Cognitive Functions of The Older Adult
Authors: Derayat Azadeh , Beydokhti Tahereh Baloochi , Mottaghy Mahmood Reza , kakhki Saeed Khayat , Sadeghmoghadam Leila
Published: January 2022

Background: Cognitive disorders are considered one of the most important and controversial disorders among the elderly, which significantly reduces the quality of life and efficiency, and ultimately increases the mortality rate of the elderly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of superbrain yoga exercises on the cognitive function of the elderly.Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental performed on 60 people of the elderly aged 60-75 years who regularly went to the centers of comprehensive health services in Khaf, a city in the west of Iran, in 1399. Participants were randomly selected and divided into two groups. A brief questionnaire was used to assess cognitive status which was completed at the beginning and end of the intervention. The elderly, after obtaining a score of 21 to 23 from the brief cognitive status questionnaire, were divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group did superbrain yoga exercises three days a week for one month. The study data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of cognitive function score before the intervention. Comparison of the mean score of cognitive status in the two groups after the intervention showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.001).Conclusion: Superbrain yoga exercise affects the cognitive status of the elderly and is recommended to prevent Alzheimer's disease in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.
Comparative Analyses of Chloroplast Genomes from Six Rhodiola Species: Variable DNA Markers Identification and Phylogenetic Inferences
Authors: Zhao Kaihui , Li Lianqiang , Quan Hong , Yang Junbo , Zhang Zhirong , Liao Zhihua , Lan Xiaozhong
Published: January 2022

Background

As a valuable medicinal plant, Rhodiola has a very long history of folk medicine used as an important adaptogen, tonic, and hemostatic. However, our knowledge of the chloroplast genome level of Rhodiola is limited.
Results

Six Rhodiola complete chloroplast genomes were determined and compared to another Rhodiola cp genome at the genome scale. The results revealed a cp genome with a typical quadripartite and circular structure that ranged in size from 150,771 to 151,891 base pairs. These Rhodiola cp genomes contain genome organization, gene number, gene order, and GC content that are similar to many angiosperm cp genomes. Repeats and microsatellites were detected. Thirteen mutational hotspots for genome divergence were determined and could be used as candidate markers for phylogenetic analyses and Rhodiola species identification. The phylogenetic relationships inferred by members of Rhodiola cluster into two clades: dioecious and hermaphrodite. Our findings are helpful for understanding Rhodiola's taxonomic, phylogenetic, and evolutionary relationships.
Conclusions

Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes of Rhodiola facilitates medicinal resource conservation, phylogenetic reconstruction and biogeographical research of Rhodiola.
Enhancing Mental Health and Social Connection Through an Acute Online Dance Intervention
Authors: Humphries Ashlee , Rugh Rachel , Patrick Morgan , Basso Julia C.
Published: January 2022

Dance is a multidimensional form of physical activity that includes sensory, motor, cognitive, rhythmic, creative, and social elements. Long-term, interventional studies in dance have shown positive effects on both mental and social health; however, little has been done to examine the acute effects and no studies to date have explored the relationship between the mental health and social outcomes of dance. We examined the hypothesis that online dance can acutely improve mental health and social connection during a time of social isolation, namely, the COVID-19 crisis. Healthy adults (age ≥18; n=47) completed a single session of 60 minutes of self-selected online dance, completing a series of validated self-reported questionnaires before and after class. We found that online dance acutely improves mental health as measured by increased positive affect and self-esteem and decreased negative affect and depression. Additionally, online dance acutely enhanced social and community connectedness. Further, we found that those who experienced the largest increases in self-esteem and decreases in negative affect demonstrated the largest gains in social connectivity. Although in-person dance classes may be optimal for dance technique training, online dance instruction has important clinical benefits. We conclude that through online dance, individuals can experience a body-mind-community connection.
Cloudburst analysis in the Himalayan region, 2021
Authors: rawat kishan , Sahu Smruti Ranjan , Singh Sudhir Kumrar , Mishra Anil Kumar
Published: January 2022

Some area of Uttarakhand facing heavy rainfall during 17-19 October 2021.Mainy in 18th October rainfall hits its all time high. Due to this sudden heavy rainfall daily life of human mainly affected. More than 50 casualities recorded during this study period. Main focus of this study is monitoring the flood event of Uttarakhand using satellite observation. Nainital and Almora districts of the state were mainly affected by this sudden heavy rainfall. On 18th October Nainital received the maximum rainfall of about 21.51mm at 11:00 am. Nainital recorded cumulative rainfall more than 300mm on 18th October 2021. From the observation we got that this heavy rainfall occurs due to the sudden cloud burst at the Ramgarh of Nainital district. This sudden extreme rainfall event further caused flash flood. The rainfall moving towards Assam after it caused flash flood in Nainital District of Uttarakhand.
OnabotulinumtoxinA in Chronic Migraine: Is the Response Dose Dependent?
Authors: Zandieh Ali , Cutrer Fred Michael
Published: January 2022

Background: OnabotulinumtoxinA has been widely used for control of chronic migraine. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of the onabotulinumtoxinA therapy in patients with chronic migraine.Methods: This is a retrospective paired comparison study on patients with chronic migraine who received at least 3 rounds of 150 units of onabotulinumtoxinA followed by at least 3 rounds of 200 units of onabotulinumtoxinA. The data from the patient-reported questionnaires about headache days, severe headache days and wearing off periods were reviewed. Results: A total of 175 patients were included in this study. The headache days and severe headache days decreased from 13.62±10.79 and 5.88±6.73 to 11.02±10.61and 4.01±4.89 days, after increase in the onabotulinumtoxinA dose, respectively (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The favorable effect of the 200 units compared to the 150 units of the onabotulinumtoxinA, was independent from the headache location and the duration of the onabotulinumtoxinA 150 units therapy; and persisted as patients continued to receive the higher dose of onabotulinumtoxinA. Increase in the onabotulinumtoxinA dose was also associated with a decreased wearing off period (P<0.05). Conclusion: Increase in the onabotulinumtoxinA dose is associated with better headache control and independently improves the numbers of the headache and severe headache days.
Multimodal Anatomy of the Human Forniceal Commissure
Authors: Akeret Kevin , Forkel Stephanie , Buzzi Raphael , Vasella Flavio , Amrein Irmgard , Colacicco Giovanni , Serra Carlo , Krayenbühl Niklaus
Published: January 2022

Anatomical studies investigating the forniceal commissure have mainly been performed in non-human primates. However, ambiguity surrounds the existence, morphology, and functionality of this structure in the human brain.
We investigated the morphology of the human forniceal commissure by including advanced in vivo tractography, ex vivo fiber dissection, and histology. A whole-brain tractography from 7T data of 180 participants was produced, each fornix dissected, and fiber percentage maps calculated. In nine human brains, we performed stepwise multidirectional Klinger dissection under the operating microscope. For histological analysis, multiplanar serial floating sections of six specimens were obtained.
Virtual fiber dissection did not identify interhemispheric connections between the crura fornicis. Klingler dissection demonstrated a thin soft-tissue membrane spanning between the left and right crus fornicis, but no commissural fibers. These findings were corroborated by the multiplanar histological analysis with myelin staining that visualized delicate cruciform fibers extending between the crura fornicis, which were enclosed by connective tissue.
The human forniceal commissure appears much more delicate than previously described and presented in anatomical textbooks. This finding is consistent with the phylogenetic trend of a striking reduction of the forniceal commissure in non-human primates compared to non-primate mammals and might have functional implications in clinical neurology.
Vital Signs of Severe COVID-19 Patients During Inter-Hospital Helicopter Transfer
Authors: Slagt Cornelis , Spoelder Eduard Johannes , Tacken Marijn Cornelia Theresia , Frijlink Maartje , Servaas Sjoerd , Leijte Guus , Eijk Lucas Theodorus van , Geffen Geert Jan van
Published: January 2022

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic in The Netherlands, critically ill ventilated COVID-19 patients were transferred not only between hospitals by ambulance but also by the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS). To date, little is known about the impact of helicopter transport on critically ill patients and COVID-19 patients in particular. This study was conducted to explore the impact of inter-hospital helicopter transfer on vital signs of mechanically ventilated severe COVID-19 intensive care patients, with special focus on take-off, midflight, and landing.Methods: All ventilated critically ill COVID-19 patients who were transported between April 2020 and June 2021 by the Dutch ‘Lifeliner 5’ HEMS team and who were fully monitored, including noninvasive cardiac output, were included in this study. Three 10-minute timeframes (take-off, midflight and landing) were defined for analysis. Continuous data on the vital parameters heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressure, end-tidal CO2 and noninvasive cardiac output using electrical cardiometry were collected and stored at 1-minute intervals. Data were analydzed for differences over time within the timeframes using 1-way analysis of variance. Significant differences were checked for clinical relevance.Results: Ninety-eight patients were included in the analysis. During take-off, an increase was noticed in cardiac output (from 6.7 to 8.1 Lmin-1; P<0.0001), which was determined by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (from 1068 to 750 dyne·s·cm−5, P<0.0001) accompanied by an increase in stroke volume (from 92.0 to 110.2 ml, P<0.0001). Other parameters were unchanged during take-off and mid-flight. During landing, cardiac output and stroke volume slightly decreased (from 7.9 to 7.1 Lmin-1, P<0.0001 and from 108.3 to 100.6 ml, P<0.0001, respectively), and total systemic vascular resistance increased (P<0.0001). Though statistically significant, the found changes were small and not clinically relevant to the medical status of the patients as judged by the attending physicians.Conclusions: Interhospital helicopter transfer of ventilated intensive care patients with COVID-19 can be performed safely and does not result in clinically relevant changes in vital signs. This study was assessed by the medical ethical committee Arnhem-Nijmegen, the Netherlands (identifier 2021-7313). The committee waived the need for informed consent. The study was registered at www.trialregister.nl (identifier NL9307).
Scintillation Sign, A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Feature That Contributes To Identify L-Shaped Non-Traumatic Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Hu Baiqiang , Li Wenjuan , Zhang Zuofu , Qi Xiaojun , Sun Hongliang , Qin Junming , Wang Xiufeng , Wang Jing , Sui Laijian
Published: January 2022

Objective
To determine the value of scintillation sign from Magnetic Resonance (MR) in assessing the tear of rotator cuff before operation.
Method
Preoperative MRI from 52 cases were system reviewed, two independent imaging physicians were invited to read the results. The results were further confirmed by the interoperative observations from the arthroscope. Statistical analysis was performed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of scintillation sign.
Result
The specificity and sensitivity of the scintillation sign are relatively high stable, when used between different imaging physician or the same imaging physician at different times.
Conclusion
Scintillation sign is a very meaningful sign in identifying the L-shape tear with a high sensitivity and specificity, which is helpful for a better preoperative plan for the rotator cuff repair.
Gene Variants of the SLC2A5 Gene Encoding GLUT5, the Major Fructose Transporter, Do Not Contribute to Clinical Presentation of Acquired Fructose Malabsorption.
Authors: Taneva Irina , Grumann Dorothee , Schmidt Dietmar , Taneva Elina , von Arnim Ulrike , Ansorge Thomas , Wex Thomas
Published: January 2022

Background: While role of ALDOB-related gene variants for hereditary fructose intolerance is well established, contribution of gene variants for acquired fructose malabsorption (e.g. SLC2A5, GLUT5) is not well understood.Methods: Patients referred to fructose breath test were further selected to identify those having acquired fructose malabsorption. Molecular analysis included (I) exclusion of three main ALDOB gene variants causing hereditary fructose intolerance and (II) sequencing analysis of genomic region comprising of complete coding region, at least 20 bp of adjacent intronic regions and 700 bp of proximal promoter. Results: Thirty-five individuals with acquired fructose malabsorption were identified among 494 patients based on pathological fructose-breath test and normal lactose-breath test. 34 patients (97%) had negative tissue anti-transglutaminase and /or deamidated gliadin antibodies in their medical records. Molecular analysis of SLC2A5/GLUT5 gene of all 35 subjects identified five frequent and five singular gene variants mostly in noncoding regions (promoter and intron). Allele frequencies of gene variants were similar to those reported in public databases strongly implying that none of them was significantly associated with acquired fructose malabsorption. Conclusions: Gene variants of coding exons, adjacent intronic regions and proximal promoter region of SLC2A5 gene are unlikely to contribute to genetic predisposition of acquired fructose malabsorption.
Halogen-free, phosphorus decorated, bio-waste derived nanocomposite for highly efficient flame retardant for cotton fabric
Authors: Dhumal Pratik S. , Lokhande Kshama D. , Bhakare Madhuri A. , Bondarde Mahesh P. , Some Surajit
Published: January 2022

We have prepared an efficient flame retardant composite using biowaste derived phosphorous groups decorated graphene supported nanomaterial. The eggshell was utilized as a source of calcium carbonate, which was converted to monocalcium phosphate (CP) by phosphoric acid treatment. As-prepared monocalcium phosphate was functionalized with graphene to prepare graphene functionalized monocalcium phosphate (GCP). The GCP-coated fabric didn't ignite during the flame test and sustained more than 600s on continuous exposure to flame without changing its initial length and shape. Whereas, graphene oxide (GO), and CP coated cotton fabric burnt out very easily within a short time. The synthesized GCP coated cotton fabric also confirmed efficient flame retardant property with a high limiting oxygen index (34.1) and char length of 2.5cm was generated from the VFT test. This facile method enables an easy process for mass production of cost-effective, bio-waste derived nanomaterial for a significantly highly efficient candidate for different applications in sustainable chemistry, including flame-retardant application.
Naloxone’s displacement of [11C]carfentanil and duration of receptor occupancy in the rat brain: implications for opioid overdose reversal
Authors: Kang Yeona , O’Conor Kelly A. , Kelleher Andrew , Ramsey Joseph , Bakhoda Gus , Eisenberg Seth M. , Zhao Wenjing , Stodden Tyler , Pearson Torben , Guo Min , Brown Nina , Liow Jeih-San , Fowler Joanna S , Kim Sung Won , Volkow Nora D
Published: January 2022

The continuous rise in opioid overdoses in the United States is predominantly driven by very potent synthetic opioids, mostly fentanyl and its derivatives (fentanyls). Although naloxone (NLX) has been shown to effectively reverse overdoses by conventional opioids, there may be a need for higher or repeated doses of NLX to revert overdoses from highly potent fentanyls. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) to assess NLX’s dose-dependence on both its rate of displacement of [11C]carfentanil ([11C]CFN) binding and its duration of mu opioid receptor (MOR) occupancy in the male rat brain. We showed that clinically relevant doses of intravenously (IV) administered NLX (0.035mg/kg, Human Equivalent Dose(HED) 0.4mg; 0.17mg/kg, HED 2mg) rapidly displaced the specific binding of [11C]CFN in thalamus in a dose-dependent manner. Brain MOR occupancy by IV NLX was greater than 90% at 5 minutes after NLX administration for both doses, but only 50% occupancy remained at 27.3 min and at 85 min after 0.035mg/Kg and 0.17 mg/Kg NLX, respectively. This indicates that the duration of NLX occupancy at MORs is short-lived. Overall, these results show that clinically relevant doses of IV NLX can promptly displace fentanyls at brain MORs, but that repeated or higher NLX doses may be required to prevent re-narcotization following overdoses with long-acting fentanyls.
Selective Single-Bacteria Extraction Based on Capture and Release of Microemulsion Droplets
Authors: Li Jiyu , Hu Dinglong , Lim Chee Kent , Ren Jifeng , Yao Xin , Ma Chao , . Marcos , Chen Weiqiang , Lee Patrick K. H. , Lam Raymond H. W.
Published: January 2022

Human host-associated microbial communities in body sites can reflect health status based on the population distribution and specific microbial properties in the heterogeneous community. Bacteria identification at the single-cell level provides a reliable biomarker and also pathological information for clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, biosamples extracted from some body sites cannot offer sufficient sample volume and number of target cells as required by most of the existing single-cell isolation methods such as flow cytometry. Herein we report a novel integrated microfluidic system, which consists of a microemulsion module for single-bacteria encapsulation and a sequential microdroplet capture and release module for selectively extract only the single-bacteria encapsulating microdroplets. We optimize the system for a success rate of the single-cell extraction to be >80%. We further verify applicability of the system with prepared cell mixtures (Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 and Methylorubrum extorquens BG8) and biosamples collected from human skin, in order to quantify the population distribution of multiple key species in a heterogeneous microbial community. Results indicate perfect viability of the single-cell extracts and compatibility with downstream analyses such as PCR. Together, this research demonstrates that the reported single-bacteria extraction system can be applied in microbiome and pathology research and clinical diagnosis as a clinical or point-of-care device.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell therapy for COVID-19-induced ARDS patients. A successful phase1, randomized, control-placebo group, clinical trial
Authors: Farkhad Najmeh Kaffash , Sedaghat Alireza , Reihani Hamidreza , Moghadam Amir Adhami , Moghadam Ahmad Bagheri , Ghaebi Nayereh Khadem , Khodadoust Mohamad Ali , Ganjali Rashin , Tafreshian Amirreza , Afshari Jalil Tavakol
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the devasting complication of the new COVID-19 pandemic, directly correlated with releasing large amounts of inflammatory cytokines. Due to their immunoregulatory features, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) provide a promising approach against this disease. In this regard, this study was designed as a single-center, open-label, phase 1 clinical trial with a control group to examine the safety and efficacy of three injections of Umbilical Cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) in mild-moderate COVID-19-induced ARDS patients.MethodsTwenty confirmed COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate ARDS degree (using the WHO guideline for ARDS classification) entered the study and were randomly divided into two groups: control group (standard care) and intervention group (standard care + UC-MSCs). The patients received three intravenous infusions of UC-MSCs (1 × \({10}^{6}\) cells/kg BW per injection) every other day. Respiratory markers, CRP levels and some serum cytokines were assessed four times (days of 0,5,10 and 17) during the 17 days follow-up period.ResultsDuring the study, there were no serious adverse effects after cell transplantations. Besides, significant improvement in SPO2/FIO2 ratio and serum CRP levels was observed. On the other hand, a significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum cytokine levels of IL-6, IFN-g, TNF-α, IL-17 A and a significant increase in serum cytokine levels of TGF-B, IL-1B and IL-10 was observed. Also, no significant changes were observed in CT scan images of patients during the study period.ConclusionOur obtained results demonstrated that multiple intravenous transplantations of allogenic UC-MSCs in non-severe COVID-19-induced ARDS patients are a safe procedure. In addition, this intervention is a hopeful approach to decline cytokine storm and recover respiratory functions. Indeed, more clinical trials with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these results.Trial registrationThis clinical trial was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (ID: IRCT20160809029275N1 at 2020.05.30).
A Note On “Pythagorean Uncertain Linguistic Hesitant Fuzzy Weighted Averaging Operator and Its Application in Financial Group Decision Making”
Authors: Appadoo S.S. , Makhan Mohammadreza , Kumar Amit
Published: January 2022

Shakeel et al. (Soft Comput. 24 )2020(1585-1597) proposed the concept of a Pythagorean uncertain linguistic hesitant fuzzy set (PULHFS), some arithmetic operations of Pythagorean uncertain linguistic hesitant fuzzy sets (PULHFSs), an approach for comparing PULHFSs and a Pythagorean uncertain linguistic hesitant fuzzy weighted averaging (PULHFWA) operator as well as it extensions. Also, using the proposed comparing approach and the proposed aggregation operators, Shakeel et al. proposed a method for solving multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems. In future other researchers may use Shakeel et al.’s work in their research work. However, it is observed that that the approach for comparing PULHFSs and aggregation operators, proposed by Shakeel et al. (2020(, are not appropriate. Hence, the method for solving MAGDM problems, proposed by Shakeel et al., is also not appropriate. The aim of this note is to make the researchers aware about the inappropriateness of Shakeel et al.’s work. Furthermore, to point out that to resolve the inappropriateness of Shakeel et al.’s work (2020) is a challenging open research problem.
The effect of two easily-implementable modifications in reducing gender disparities in Door-to-Needle time in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Jameie Meilka , Jameie Mana , Farahmand Ghasem , Ilkhani Saba , Magrouni Hana , Ranjbar Zahra , Heydari Sanaz , Shahbazi Mojtaba , Kaeedi Maryam , Amiri Rosita , Alizade Fateme , Balali Pargol , Amanollahi Mobina , Varedi Mahnaz , Pourghaz Bahareh , Ghabaee Mojdeh
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Door-to-needle (DTN) time is an important factor in managing stroke for which studies have reported delays in women. We aimed to evaluate the effect of some simple modifications on reducing sex disparities, with a focus on DTN. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was conducted between September 2019, and August 2021, at a comprehensive stroke center. Previously we utilized the conventional “D’s of stoke care” for timely management. Some simple modifications were implemented in September 2020, with a special focus on the time of the neurologist's evaluation (D4-B) and patients’ transfer to the stroke unit (D6-B). Patients were analyzed in two groups: group 1, before, and group 2, after employing the modifications. Sex as the main variable of interest along with other selected covariates were regressed towards the DTN, using univariable and multivariable logistic regressions. Results: We enrolled 47 and 56 patients who received intravenous thrombolysis in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Although there was a significant difference in DTN≤ 1 hour between women and men in group 1 (36% vs. 52%, p= 0.019), it was not significantly different in group 2 (48% vs. 48.4%, p= 0.97). Furthermore, regression analysis showed being female was a significant predictor of DTN> 1 hour in group 1 (aOR= 6.65, p= 0.02), while after employing the modifications gender was not a predictor of delayed DTN. Conclusion: Although we have a long way to achieve performance measures in developed countries, we seem to have succeeded in reducing gender disparities in DTN using these simple modifications.
Effect of WHO SCC Use Supported with Yearlong On-Site Mentoring on Quality of Intrapartum Care in High Load Public Sector Hospitals in Andhra Pradesh, India: Pre-Post Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Singh Samiksha , Kannuri Nanda Kishore , Mishra Aparajita , Gaikwad Leena , Shukla Rajan , Tyagi Mukta , Charmarthy Swechha
Published: January 2022

Background
Quality of intrapartum care is essential for improving pregnancy outcomes; several models for improving performance are tested, globally. Dakshata is one such WHO SCC-based national program—improving resources, providers’ competence, and accountability—in public sector secondary care hospitals of India. Andhra Pradesh state devised strategy of mentoring by the handpicked member from within the obstetric team, supported by external strategic partner. We evaluated the effectiveness and assessed contextual factors to success of the program.
Methods
We conducted pre and post mentoring mixed-method surveys to evaluate the change in evidence-based intrapartum and newborn care practices and stillbirth rates, across 23 of 38 eligible hospitals. We directly observed obstetric assessments and childbirth, extracted data from casesheets and registers, interviewed beneficiaries and conducted facility surveys. We in-depth interviewed stakeholders from state, district and facility managers, mentors and obstetric staff, and external managers for theory-driven qualitative assessment.
Results
After one year, average adherence to practices sustained high during admission (81%, 81%); improved during childbirth (78%, 86%; p=0.016); moderate within one hour of birth (72%, 71%), and poor postpartum care before discharge (46–43%). Stillbirths reduced from 11(95% CI, 9-13) to 4(3-5) per 1000 births (p<0.001). Some practices did not improve even after sustained reinforcement. Commitment from state, engaging district officers, monitoring and feedback by external managers enabled supportive setting. The structured training and mentoring package, and periodic assessments delivered under supervision ensured the standards of mentoring. The mentoring model is acceptable, effective, less costly and scalable; appears sustainable if state commits to institutionalising a long-term mentoring with adequate monitoring.
Conclusion
The SCC-based mentoring and skill building program showed improvement in practices during childbirth while it sustained high levels of care during admission, but no improvement in postpartum care. The state needs to monitor and ensure continuous mentoring with required infrastructural support.
Advantages of a Centrifugal Pump in the Development of a Swine Model of an Artificial Placenta
Authors: Charest-Pekeski Alex J. , Cho Steven K.S. , Aujla Tanroop , Sun Liqun , Floh Alejandro A. , McVey Mark J. , Sheta Ayman , Estrada Marvin , Crawford-Lean Lynn , Foreman Celeste , Mroczek Dariusz , Belik Jaques , Saini Brahmdeep S. , Lim Jessie Mei , Moir Olivia J. , Lee Fu-Tsuen , Quinn Megan , Darby Jack R.T. , Seed Mike , Morrison Janna L. , Haller Christoph
Published: January 2022

The recent demonstration of normal development of preterm sheep in an artificial extrauterine environment has renewed interest in artificial placenta (AP) systems as a potential treatment strategy for extremely preterm human infants. However, the feasibility of translating this technology to the human preterm infant remains unknown. Here we report the support of 13 preterm fetal pigs delivered at 102±4 days (d) gestation, weighing 616±139g with a circuit consisting of an oxygenator and a centrifugal pump, comparing these results with our previously reported pumpless circuit (n=12; 98±4d; 743±350g). The umbilical vessels were cannulated, and fetuses were supported for 46.4±46.8 hours using the pumped AP versus 11±13 hours on the pumpless AP circuit. Upon initiation of AP support on the pumped system, we observed supraphysiologic circuit flows, tachycardia, and hypertension, while animals maintained on a pumpless AP circuit exhibited subphysiologic flows. On the pumped AP circuit, there was a progressive decline in UV flow and oxygen delivery. We conclude that the addition of a centrifugal pump to the AP circuit improves survival of preterm pigs by augmenting UV flow through the reduction of right ventricular afterload. However, we continued to observe the development of heart failure within a matter of days.
Prognostic Analysis of PTEN Mutation in Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Ye Chaopeng , Ma Yuanqiao , Zhang Qi , li Guoqing , Zhao Wei
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is recognized as one of the most common female reproductive system malignant tumors. Great efforts have been made to improve the diagnosis and prognostic analysis of EC, however, more sensitive prognostic evaluation system for EC remains to be established. The mutation status of PTEN and its association with clinical characteristics, as well as its prognostic value in EC need to be evaluated.Methods: TCGA dataset comprised of 526 EC cases were used to perform a comprehensive analysis of PTEN mutation. Kaplan‐Meier survival plot were performed to analyze the clinical significance of PTEN mutation. GO, KEGG pathway and IPA network analysis were performed to identify the specific pathways for PTEN mutation patients. And the prognostic value of PTEN mutation was further analyzed.Results: Here, the highest mutation frequency of PTEN (65%) was found in EC from Pan cancer. PTEN mutation status was significantly correlated with the better prognosis of EC patients. A total of 66 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between PTEN-mutant and PTEN-wild groups. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that some key pathways were relevant to the tumorigenesis and development of EC. The DEGs were mainly associated with endocrine and reproduction related pathways based on the IPA analysis. Then, a PTEN related-genes prognostic signature including CLDN9, UCHL1, BEX2, SLC47A1, PGR, SLC25A35, SCGB2A1, MSX1, CRABP2 and MAL was established. The K-M result showed the significant differences of survival rate between high- and low- risk groups. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis results indicated that age, figo_stage and risk score could be identified as independent prognostic factors. Finally, a nomogram for predicting survival rate was established.Conclusion: The above data suggested that PTEN mutation status could be serviced as a potential prognostic biomarker for EC, which might guide future EC personalized treatment.
A Five-time-recurring Kawasaki Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: chen fang , Wang Manzhi , Wei Songqing
Published: January 2022

BackgroundFive-time-recurring Kawasaki Disease without any cardiovascular complications is relatively rare and was first described in 2021.Case presentationWe describe a case of five-time-recurring Kawasaki disease (KD) in a 6-year-old boy who had been diagnosed with typical KD without cardiac involvement at age 25 months. Subsequently, the child was hospitalized with KD other 4 times when he was 40, 47, 59, and 66-month-old respetively. In each episode, the boy was characterized by an abrupt intermittently high fever but typical cutaneous and mucosal manifestations were not always presented. Clinical improvement was successfully obtained after intravenous immunoglobulin and (or) aspirin in each time without any cardiovascular damage. Diagnosis was difficult to establish because of the incomplete clinical features and the recurrence of the disease.ConclusionPhysicians need to be aware of the differential diagnosis of relapsing KD should be kept in mind while treating a patient with a history of KD. Five-time-recurring Kawasaki Disease is infrequent and will increase the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes if not diagnosed and managed promptly.
The Precision of Different Types of Plates Fabricated with a Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing System in Mandibular Reconstruction with Fibular Free Flaps
Authors: Yodrabum Nutcha , Rudeejaroonrung Krit , Viriya Natthaphat , Chaikangwan Irin , Kongkunnavat Natthapong , Tianrungroj Jirapat , Ongsiriporn Mathee , Piyaman Parkpoom , Puncreobutr Chedtha
Published: January 2022

Background
Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) has been introduced to mandible reconstruction with fibular free flap in cutting guide placement. When CAS is cooperated with different plate fixations, the results show various degrees of errors by which this study aimed to evaluate.
Methods
Mock surgeries were conducted in 3D-printed mandibles with either 2 types of defects; limited or extensive, reconstructed from 2 ameloblastoma patients. Three types of fixations; miniplate, manually bending reconstruction plate and patient-specific plates are tested, each of which was performed 3 times in each type of defects, adding up to 18 surgeries. One with the least errors was selected and applied with patients whose 3D-printed mandibles derived. Finally, in vivo errors were compared with the mock.
Results
In limited defect, average errors show no statistical significance among all types. In extensive defect, patient-specific plate had a significantly lower average condylar error than manually bending reconstruction plate and miniplate (8.09±2.52 mm vs. 25.49±2.72 and 23.13±13.54 mm, respectively). When patient-specific plate was applied in vivo, the errors were not significantly different from the mock.
Conclusion
Patient-specific plates cooperated with CAS shows the least errors. Nevertheless, manually bent reconstruction plates and miniplates could be applied in limited defects with caution.
Evaluation of basalt powder against stored product insects
Authors: Melki Mohamed Nejib El , Barkouti Amal , Aoudi Wajdi , Moueddeb Khaled El , Beyaz Abdullah
Published: January 2022

The insecticidal effect of natural basalt powder on Tribolium castaneum was evaluated. Two tests were used to study the insecticidal action of the basalt powder on the stored durum wheat. The coating test followed by the Bioassay test. The coating test of Tribolium castaneum adults in 10g of natural basalt powder, for 17 samples at rate of 25 adults per sample and an uncoated control, showed an insecticidal effect of the said powder with mortality rate of 100% for 70 hours of exposure against 5% for the control sample with a homogeneity of the mortality rate for the 17 samples. The bioassay test was carried out on durum wheat, the natural basalt powder was applied as dust at six different doses. The results of showed an insecticidal efficacy closely related to the dose and the time of exposure. The 500ppm dose showed insecticidal potential after 12 days of exposure against Tribolium castaneum (100% mortality). However, the 300ppm dose showed significant efficacy (100% mortality) against Tribolium castaneum after 14 days of exposure. In addition, the doses over than or equal to 75ppm resulted in a significant reduction in the insect population (mortality more than 74% for 14 days of exposure) compared to the control, providing new approach of integrated pest management strategy.
Structural MRI Based Parcellation of The Human Brain Using Spatial Hierarchical Clustering
Authors: Tietz Tobias , Eickhoff Simon , Schwender Holger
Published: January 2022

Parcellating the human brain into neurobiologically meaningful regions serves two (key) purposes , i.e. to gain neurobiological insight on the modules of the brain and to achieve dimensionality reduction for large -scale studies . Data- driven parcellation approaches based on magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) mainly differ from each other by the modalities that they are derived from and the parcellation algorithm. Here we extensively evaluate parcellation approaches which are based on one specific modality , i.e. grey matter volume deduced from T1- weighted structural MRI scans . The newly proposed spatial hierarchical variable clustering method SPARTACUS is employed as parcellation algorithm and its performance is compared with other spatial hierarchical agglomerative clustering ( SHAC ) algorithms as well as with spatial spectral clustering on both simulated data and a single- site structural MRI data set of older adults using two metrics , i.e. clustering quality and clustering stability across subsamples . Our analysis reveals that SPARTACUS and Ward's SHAC outperform the other competing methods . Using spatial ensemble clustering methods we could further improve the quality of the parcellations . Performing parameter tuning of the granularity ( considering 2-1000 brain regions ) we identify multiple interesting numbers of brain regions , where the corresponding parcellations may reflect different levels of brain organization . Finally , we observe that our parcellations converge well above chance with other structural MRI based parcellations but hardly better or even worse than chance with parcellations from another modality .
The Pathological Spectrum of Pediatric Kidney Disease: 18-year Experience From a Single Tertiary Care Center in Northern Taiwan
Authors: Yen Chen-Wei , Chen Tai-Di , Yen Tzung-Hai , Yu Mei-Ching
Published: January 2022

Background: Glomerular disease is one of major causes leading to chronic kidney disease in children worldwide. The recent publications showed the changing spectrum of glomerular disease in certain countries. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the histopathological patterns and change of pediatric kidney disease over the past eighteen years in northern Taiwan.Methods: This was a retrospective chart review study of the pediatric patients (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing percutaneous renal biopsies (PRBs) of native kidneys between January 2002 to July 2020 from a Pediatric Care Center at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.Results: A total of 339 pediatric native PRBs were analyzed in this study. The mean age of the subjects was 13.7 ± 7.0 years (184 girls and 155 boys). The most common indications of PRBs included acute nephritic syndrome (55.7%), idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (22.7%), persistent asymptomatic hematuria (13.9%) and unexplained renal failure (7.7%), respectively. Our study revealed proliferative lupus nephritis (LN), minimal change disease (MCD) related nephrotic syndrome and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) were the most frequent biopsy-proven pediatric glomerular diseases. Furthermore, we also found severe acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) was infrequent and even not be recognized after 2010.Conclusions: Our result disclosed the spectrum of biopsy-proven pediatric kidney disease was not significantly changed over the past two decades in northern Taiwan. LN, MCD and primary IgAN continued to be the most common histopathological diagnosis among Taiwanese children. We speculated multiple environmental and public health polices implemented in Taiwan might partly contribute to this unchanged pathological spectrum of pediatric kidney disease and reduced burden of infection-associated glomerular disease such as APSGN and pneumococcal-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Neurological Disease Associated With Enterovirus Infection: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Viñas Eulàlia Turón , Gómez Fatima Castillo , Calderón Elisenda Moliner , Lacasa Laura Armendáriz , Estarellas Emma Carbonell , Casas Margarita del Cuerpo , Garcia Nuria Rabella
Published: January 2022

Enteroviruses are a type of RNA-strained virus with more than 100 different genotypes. Infection can be asymptomatic, or symptoms can range from mild to severe. Some patients can develop neurological involvement, such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, or even cardiorespiratory failure. However, in children, the risk factors for developing severe neurological involvement are not well understood. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the risk factors associated with severe neurological involvement in children hospitalized for neurological disease after enterovirus infection. One-hundred and seven children hospitalized from 2009 to 2019 were included. Patients were classified according to the World Health Organization case definition for neurological complications in hand, foot and mouth disease. Our findings showed that, in children between age 2 and 5, the appearance of neurological symptoms within the first 12 hours from infection onset—especially if associated with skin rash—was a significant risk factor for severe neurological involvement. Detection of enterovirus in cerebrospinal fluid was more likely in patients with aseptic meningitis. By contrast, other biological samples (e.g., feces or nasopharyngeal fluids) were necessary to detect enterovirus in patients with encephalitis. The genotype most commonly associated with the most severe neurological conditions was EV-A71. E-30 was mostly associated with aseptic meningitis. Awareness of the risk factors associated with worse neurological outcomes could help clinicians to better manage these patients to avoid unnecessary admissions and/or ancillary tests.
Exploring Trimetallic Clusters Containing Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Atoms with High Activity for Nitrogen Activation
Authors: Huang Xue-Qian , Ding Xun-Lei , Wang Jian , Wang Ya-Ya , Gurti Joseph Israel , Chen Yan , Wang Meng-Meng , Li Wei , Wang Xin
Published: January 2022

Activation of dinitrogen (N2) is the critical step in nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) in ammonia synthesis. In this paper, reaction mechanisms of N2 activation on trimetallic clusters Mo2M (M=Li, Na, K, Mg, and Ca) and Mo3-xCax (x = 2-3) were systematically studied by density functional theory calculations. Unlike Mo2 which is inert to N2 , clusters with alkali or alkaline earth metal atoms have much higher reactivity towards N2 in terms of both thermodynamics and kinetics. Particularly, in one reaction path of N2 with MoCa2 , all the intermediates and transition states are well below the energy sum of the reactants, indicating that the dissociation of N2 on MoCa2 can take place spontaneously in gas-phase reactions. N2 transfers on clusters with different coordination modes, and the N−N bond is gradually activated. When N2 is bonded with three metal atoms with end-on:side-on:side-on coordination mode, it is fully activated and easily dissociated into two adsorbed N atoms. These results may serve as a prototype to design single-cluster catalysts with a trimetallic center for nitrogen activation and conversion.
A Structural Equation Model of The Relationships Between Psychological Distress, HIV Status And Other Exogenous Factors In South Africa
Authors: Ncitakalo Nolusindiso , Sigwadhi Lovemore Nyasha , Mabaso Musawenkosi , Joska John , Simbayi Leickness
Published: January 2022

Background: Mental disorders like depression and anxiety are more prevalent in people living with HIV (PLHIV) than in the general population. Improved understanding of the relationship between mental disorders and HIV is important for designing interventions for this group. However, the relationship between mental disorders and HIV is complex and bidirectional. This paper explores the interrelationships between the psychological distress as measured by depression and anxiety symptoms, HIV status and other exogenous variables such as demographic, HIV and health-related variables using structural equation modelling. Methods: This secondary data analysis used the 2012 South African population-based household survey on HIV collected using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design. Generalized structural equation modelling (G-SEM) path analysis was used to explore the direct and indirect relationships of socio-demographic, health and HIV-related factors with psychological distress using HIV status as a moderator variable. Results: A total of 20 083 participants were included in the study, 21.7% reported psychological distress, of whom (12.6%) were HIV positive. In the final path model with HIV status as a moderator, psychological distress was significantly more likely among age group 25-49 years (AOR: 1.4 [95% CI: 1.3-1.6]), age 50 years and older, (AOR: 1.4 [95% CI: 1.2-1.6]), females (AOR:1.6 [95% CI: 1.4-1.8]), high risk drinkers (AOR: 1.9 [1.6-2.2]) hazardous drinkers (AOR: 4.4 [95% CI: 3.1-6.3]), ever tested for HIV (AOR: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.1-1.3]). Psychological distress was significantly less likely among the married [AOR: 0.8 (0.7-0.9)], other race groups [AOR: 0.5 (0.5-0.6)], those with secondary level education (AOR: 0.9 [95% CI: 0.8-0.9]), and tertiary level education (AOR: 0.7 [95% CI: 0.6-0.9]), those from rural informal [AOR: 0.8 (0.7-0.9)], and rural formal [AOR: 0.8 (0.7-0.9)] areas and those who rated their health as excellent/good [AOR: 0.4 (0.4-0.5)]. Conclusion: The findings highlight the mediating role of HIV positive status in producing psychological distress especially among young people, males and those with no education and / or low education attainment. Understanding this complex relationship is important for developing interventions to prevent psychological distress especially among PLHIV.