bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Home telehealth for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Polisena Julie , Tran Khai , Cimon Karen , Hutton Brian , McGill Sarah , Palmer Krisan , Scott Richard E
Published: April 2010

We conducted a systematic review of the literature about home telehealth for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with usual care. An electronic literature search identified 6241 citations. From these, nine original studies (10 references) relating to 858 patients were selected for inclusion in the review. Four studies compared home telemonitoring with usual care, and six randomized controlled trials compared telephone support with usual care. Clinical heterogeneity was present in many of the outcomes measured. Home telehealth (home telemonitoring and telephone support) was found to reduce rates of hospitalization and emergency department visits, while findings for hospital bed days of care varied between studies. However, the mortality rate was greater in the telephone-support group compared with usual care (risk ratio = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.75). Home telehealth interventions were similar or better than usual care for quality of life and patient satisfaction outcomes.
Rigidity of broken geodesic flow and inverse problems
Authors: Kurylev Yaroslav , Lassas Matti , Uhlmann Gunther
Published: April 2010

Consider broken geodesics $\alpha([0,l])$ on a compact Riemannian manifold
$(M,g)$ with boundary of dimension $n\geq 3$. The broken geodesics are
unions of two geodesics with the property that they have a common end
point. Assume that for every broken geodesic $\alpha([0,l])$ starting at
and ending to the boundary $\partial M$ we know the starting point and
direction $(\alpha(0),\alpha'(0))$, the end point and direction
$(\alpha(l),\alpha'(l))$, and the length $l$. We show that this data
determines uniquely, up to an isometry, the manifold $(M,g)$. This result
has applications in inverse problems on very heterogeneous media for
situations where there are many scattering points in the medium, and arises
in several applications including geophysics and medical imaging. As an
example we consider the inverse problem for the radiative transfer
equation (or the linear transport equation)
with a nonconstant wave speed. Assuming that the scattering kernel is
everywhere positive, we show that the boundary measurements determine the
wave speed inside the domain up to an isometry.
Minimal surfaces in the three-sphere by doubling the Clifford torus
Authors: Kapouleas Nikolaos , Yang Seong-Deog
Published: April 2010

We construct embedded closed minimal surfaces in the round three-sphere
${\Bbb S}^3(1)$, resembling two parallel copies of the Clifford torus,
joined by $m^2$ small catenoidal bridges symmetrically arranged along a
square lattice of points on the torus.
Topological Hochschild homology of ℓ and ko
Authors: Angeltveit Vigleik , Hill Michael A. , Lawson Tyler
Published: April 2010

We calculate the integral homotopy groups of THH $(\ell)$ at any prime and
of THH $(ko)$ at $p=2$, where $\ell$ is the Adams summand of the
connective complex $p$-local $K$-theory spectrum and $ko$ is the
connective real $K$-theory spectrum.
Strongly pseudoconvex domains as subvarieties of complex manifolds
Authors: Drnovšek Barbara Drinovec , Forstnerič Franc
Published: April 2010

In this paper we obtain existence and approximation results for closed
complex subvarieties that are normalized by strongly pseudoconvex Stein
domains. Our sufficient condition for the existence of such subvarieties
in a complex manifold $X$ is expressed in terms of the Morse indices and
the number of positive Levi eigenvalues of an exhaustion function on $X$.
Examples show that our conditions cannot be weakened in general. We
obtain optimal results for subvarieties of this type in complements of
compact complex submanifolds with Griffiths positive normal bundle; in
the projective case these generalize classical theorems of Remmert,
Bishop and Narasimhan concerning proper holomorphic maps and embeddings
to ${\Bbb C}^n ={\Bbb P}^n \backslash {\Bbb P}^{n-1}$..
The focusing energy-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation in dimensions five and higher
Authors: Killip Rowan , Visan Monica
Published: April 2010

We consider the focusing energy-critical nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation
$iu_t+\Delta u = - |u|^{4\over{d-2}}u$ in dimensions $d\geq 5$. We prove
that if a maximal-lifespan solution $u\colon \ I\times {\Bbb R}^d\to {\Bbb C}$ obeys $\sup_{t\in I}\|\nabla u(t)\|_2<\|\nabla W\|_2$, then it is
global and scatters both forward and backward in time. Here $W$ denotes
the ground state, which is a stationary solution of the equation. In
particular, if a solution has both energy and kinetic energy less than
those of the ground state $W$ at some point in time, then the solution is
global and scatters. We also show that any solution that blows up with
bounded kinetic energy must concentrate at least the kinetic energy of the
ground state. Similar results were obtained by Kenig and Merle for
spherically symmetric initial data and dimensions $d=3,4,5$.
Representations of the general linear groups which are irreducible over subgroups
Authors: Kleshchev Alexander S. , Tiep Pham Huu
Published: April 2010

We classify all triples $(G,V,H)$ such that $SL_n(q)\leq G\leq GL_n(q)$,
$V$ is a representation of $G$ of dimension greater than one over an
algebraically closed field ${\Bbb F}$ of characteristic prime to $q$, and $H$
is a proper subgroup of $G$ such that the restriction $V\downarrow_{H}$ is
irreducible. This problem is a natural part of the Aschbacher-Scott
program on maximal subgroups in finite classical groups.
On Shalika periods and a theorem of Jacquet-Martin
Authors: Gan Wee Teck , Takeda Shuichiro
Published: April 2010

Let $\pi$ be a cuspidal automorphic representation of $GL_4(\Bbb A)$ with
central character $\mu^2$. It is known that $\pi$ has Shalika period with
respect to $\mu$ if and only if the $L$-function $L^S(s, \pi,
\bigwedge^2\otimes\mu^{-1})$ has a pole at $s=1$. Jacquet and Martin
considered the analogous question for cuspidal representations $\pi_D$ of
the inner form $GL_2(D)(\Bbb A)$, and obtained a partial result via the
relative trace formula. In this paper, we provide a complete solution to
this problem via the method of theta correspondence, and give necessary
and sufficient conditions for the existence of Shalika period for $\pi_D$.
We also resolve the analogous question in the local setting.
Building an International Collaboration on Participatory Health Research
Authors: Wright Michael T. , Gardner Bob , Roche Brenda , von Unger Hella , Ainlay Carly
Published: April 2010

The Problem: Participatory health research (PHR) is receiving increased international attention as an approach for addressing various health issues. However, PHR has not yet achieved the status of other forms of research in terms of having an impact on health policy decisions. Purpose of Article: This article reports on the current status of the new International Collaboration on Participatory Health Research (ICPHR). Key Points: By formulating common definitions and standards for PHR and synthesizing the results and methods of participatory research, the collaboration will seek to strengthen the role of PHR in academic and political institutions. Conclusion: The collaboration is an important structure for advancing the practice, theory, and impact of PHR internationally.
Applying Community-Based Participatory Research Principles and Approaches in Clinical Trials: Forging a New Model for Cancer Clinical Research
Authors: Seifer Sarena D. , Michaels Margo , Collins Stacy
Published: April 2010

Although an estimated 20% of adult cancer patients are medically eligible for a cancer treatment clinical trial (CCT), adult trial participation in the U.S. remains under 3%. – Participation rates are even lower among ethnic and racial minorities and the medically underserved, who tend to have higher cancer mortality rates than the population as a whole. – Given persistent cancer health disparities in these populations, cancer clinical trial participation is increasingly an issue of social justice. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches have been repeatedly recommended as a key strategy for increasing and diversifying cancer clinical trial participation and enhancing their relevance and quality. In 2006, Community–Campus Partnership for Health (CCPH) and the Education Network to Advance Cancer Clinical Trials (ENACCT) received funding from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), along with industry and nonprofit partners, to develop the first set of national recommendations to employ CBPR approaches in multisite, phase III cancer clinical trials. The Communities as Partners in Cancer Clinical Trials: Changing Research, Practice and Policy final report, developed through a national advisory committee, two stakeholder meetings and a public vetting process, makes more than fifty detailed recommendations to engage communities in specific and meaningful ways throughout the cancer clinical trial process.1 The report is the first to provide specific guidance as to how and why clinical trials should involve communities affected by cancer—from trial design to implementation to dissemination of results. This paper describes the background and rationale for the initiative, the process used to develop and disseminate the report, and the challenges and opportunities for implementing the report's community-based approaches to cancer clinical research.
A Participatory Method to Identify Root Determinants of Health: The Heart of the Matter
Authors: Barnidge Ellen , Baker Elizabeth A. , Motton Freda , Rose Frank , Fitzgerald Teresa
Published: April 2010

Background: Co-learning is one of the core principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR). Often, it is difficult to engage community members beyond those involved in the formal partnership in co-learning processes. However, to understand and address locally relevant root factors of health, it is essential to engage the broader community in participatory dialogues around these factors. Objective: This article provides a glimpse into how using a photo-elicitation process allowed a community–academic partnership to engage community members in a participatory dialogue about root factors influencing health. The article details the decision to use photo-elicitation and describes the photo-elicitation method. Method: Similar to a focus group process, photo-elicitation uses photographs and questions to prompt reflection and dialogue. Used in conjunction with an economic development framework, this method allows participants to discuss underlying, or root, community processes and structures that influence health. Conclusion: Photo-elicitation is one way to engage community members in a participatory dialogue that stimulates action around root factors of health. To use this method successfully within a CBPR approach, it is important to build on existing relationships of trust among community and academic partners and create opportunities for community partners to determine the issues for discussion.
Salud de la Mujer: Using Fotonovelas to Increase Health Literacy Among Latinas
Authors: Sberna Hinojosa Melanie , Hinojosa Ramon , Nelson David A. , Delgado Angelica , Witzack Bernadette , Gonzalez Magdalisse , Farias Rene , Ahmed Syed , Meurer Linda
Published: April 2010

Background: There is an identified need for health literacy strategies to be culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate. Objectives: The goal of our community-based participatory research (CBPR) project related to health and nutrition is to demonstrate that active community involvement in the creation of health education fotonovelas that are relevant to culture, ethnicity, gender, social class, and language can increase the health literacy of women in a disadvantaged community. Methods: We recruited 12 women to take part in our pilot fotonovela intervention about healthy eating and nutrition. Pre- and post-test assessments of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior around nutrition were given at baseline and will be collected after the completion of the project. Results: We hypothesize that post-test assessments of our participants will reveal increased nutrition knowledge as well as positive changes in attitudes and behavior toward healthy eating. Conclusions: We believe that our fotonovelas will represent experiences of community members and encourage good health practices by increasing knowledge and cooperation among community members.
Expanding the Chronic Care Framework to Improve Diabetes Management: The REACH Case Study
Authors: Jenkins Carolyn , Pope Charlene , Magwood Gayenell , Vandemark Lisa , Thomas Virginia , Hill Karen , Linnen Florene , Beck Lorna Shelton , Zapka Jane
Published: April 2010

Background: Reducing the burden of chronic conditions among minorities requires novel approaches to prevent and manage disease. Objectives: This paper describes the expansion of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) to include a community focus for improving diabetes self-management and reducing health disparities. Methods: The literature review assesses the concept of "community" in improving outcomes as viewed by proponents of the CCM for chronic disease. The CCM was then modified and informed by experiences of a major community-based participatory action initiative to improve diabetes outcomes, the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Charleston and Georgetown Diabetes Coalition. Results: Based on our experiences with community-based and health systems diabetes interventions, we present examples of improvements within both health delivery practice sites and other community systems that are essential for improving diabetes outcomes and reducing disparities. Building on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) principles of community involvement, our coalition activities provide examples of working with community partners to frame this enhanced ecologically grounded Community CCM (CCCM). Conclusion: The resulting CCCM integrates expanded conceptual frameworks, evidence-based practice, community-based evidence and participatory actions, and highlights the possibilities and challenges for improving chronic disease outcomes and reducing disparities via community programs that foster individual, systems, community, and policy change.
Translating Diabetes Prevention Into Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Communities: The PILI 'Ohana Pilot Project
Authors: Mau Marjorie K. , Keawe'aimoku Kaholokula Joseph , West Margaret R. , Leake Anne , Efird James T. , Rose Charles , Palakiko Donna-Marie , Yoshimura Sheryl , Kekauoha Puni B. , Gomes Henry
Published: April 2010

Background . Native Hawaiians (NH) and Other Pacific Islanders (OPI) bear an excess burden of diabetes health disparities. Translation of empirically tested interventions such as the Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Intervention (DPP-LI) offers the potential for reversing these trends. Yet, little is known about how best to translate efficacious interventions into public health practice, particularly among racial/ethnic minority populations. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an approach that engages the community in the research process and has recently been proposed as a means to improve the translation of research into community practice. Objectives . To address diabetes health disparities in NHOPIs, CBPR approaches were used to: (1) culturally adapt the DPP-LI for NHOPI communities; and (2) implement and examine the effectiveness of the culturally-adapted program to promote weight loss in 5 NHOPI communities. Methods. Informant interviews ( n =15) and focus groups ( n =15, with 112 NHOPI participants) were completed to inform the cultural adaptation of the DPP-LI program. A team of 5 community investigators and 1 academic research team collaboratively developed and implemented the 12-week pilot study to assess the effectiveness of the culturally adapted program. Results. A total of 127 NHOPIs participated in focus groups and informant interviews that resulted in the creation of a significantly modified version of the DPP-LI, entitled the PILI 'Ohana Lifestyle Intervention (POLI). In the pilot study, 239 NHOPIs were enrolled and after 12 weeks (post-program), mean weight loss was -1.5 kg (95%CI -2.0, -1.0) with 26% of participants losing ≥3% of their baseline weight. Mean weight loss among participants who completed all 8 lessons at 12 weeks was significantly higher (-1.8 kg, 95%CI -2.3, -1.3) than participants who completed less than 8 lessons (-0.70 kg, 95%CI -1.1, -0.29). Conclusion. A fully engaged CBPR approach was successful in translating an evidence based diabetes prevention program into a culturally relevant intervention for NHOPI communities. This pilot study demonstrates that weight loss in high risk minority populations can be achieved over a short period of time using CBPR approaches.
Satisfying the “Want for Labouring People”: European Slave Trading in the Indian Ocean, 1500–1850
Authors: Allen Richard B.
Published: April 2010

A review of published scholarship on British, Dutch, French, and Portuguese slave trading in the Indian Ocean indicates that between 1500 and 1850, Europeans shipped a minimum of 431,000 to 547,000 slaves of African, Indian, and Southeast Asian origin to destinations within this oceanic basin. These data and available information about the nature and dynamics of European slave trading in the Indian Ocean region point to the development of an increasingly integrated global movement of chattel and other kinds of forced labor from the sixteenth through mid nineteenth centuries.
It’s a Man’s World? World History Meets the History of Masculinity, in Latin American Studies, for Instance
Authors: Strasser Ulrike , Tinsman Heidi
Published: April 2010

This article explores the vexed relationship between studies of gender and sexuality, especially as they relate to masculinity, and the growing field of world history. These bodies of scholarship have largely remained separate, even antagonistic, despite shared thematic concerns with transnational flows. Overall, world historians privilege political economy and global connections, while historians of gender and sexuality concern themselves with the cultural production of difference in specific locales. The case of U.S.-based Latin American studies offers ways of thinking across the culture versus economy divide; above all, it suggests that world history can usefully be narrated as a story of masculinities.
Script Charisma in Hebrew and Turkish: A Comparative Framework for Explaining Success and Failure of Romanization
Authors: Aytürk İlker
Published: April 2010

Romanization is a particular form of script conversion and refers to the process by which a Roman-based alphabet is created for a language previously written with either a nonalphabetic script or a non-Roman alphabet. Nearly half the world’s population today uses the Roman alphabet, and since the late nineteenth century, it has become a charismatic script, to use Max Weber’s term, expanding out of its traditional base in Western Christendom. In addition to the success stories in Romania, Vietnam, and Turkey, there have been numerous attempts to Romanize local scripts in Japan, India, China, and Greece, to cite a few examples, which ended up as failures. This article aims at providing a theoretical framework for explaining success and failure of Romanization through a comparative, in-depth study of two speech communities, Hebrew and Turkish. Independent variables such as harmony between language and script, level of literacy, costs of change, past experiences of script conversion, regime type, availability of canonical texts, and attitudes toward the West are discussed as factors that influence the choice of script.
Mega-events and socio-spatial dynamics in Rio de Janeiro, 1919-2016
Authors: Gaffney Christopher
Published: April 2010

This article examines the ways in which discourses of urban development and socio-spatial discipline are wrapped around infrastructure development projects associated with recent, future, and proposed international mega-events in Rio de Janeiro. In the past few years the city and state governments of Rio de Janeiro invested billions of dollars in sporting, tourist, transportation and security infrastructures for the 2007 Pan American Games and hundreds of millions of dollars preparing for the 2014 World Cup and bidding (twice) for the 2016 Olympics. By looking at the historical trajectory of mega-events in Rio de Janeiro, I argue that there has been a discernable shift in the ideologies that drive the production of mega-events in the city. These logics have discursively and materially shifted from more localized expressions of notions of social inclusion and industrial democracy in the mid-20th century to reflect the socio-spatial exigencies of capital in a period of accelerated globalization. I suggest that mega-events impose a neo-liberal "shock doctrine", installing temporary regimes of extra-legal governance that permanently transform socio-space in Rio de Janeiro. Este artigo examina como discursos sobre desenvolvimento urbano e disciplina socio-espacial são usados para promover projetos de infrastructura associados com os mega-eventos internacionais no Rio de Janeiro. Nos últimos anos os governos da cidade e do estado do Rio de Janeiro investiram bilhões de dólares em infrastruturas esportivas, túristicas, de transporte e de segurança para os Jogos Panamericanos e centenas de milhões dos dólares para a Copa do Mundo de 2014 e em duas tentativas de conseguir os Jogos Olímpicos. Ao analisar a trajetória histórica dos mega-eventos no Rio de Janeiro, eu mostro que as ideologias que dirigem a sua produção sofreram mudanças profundas. Elas se transformaram, discursivamente e materialmente, de noções de inclusao social e de democracia industrial no meio do século 20 para refletir as exigencias socio-spaciais do capital em um período de globalização acelerada. Ao final, eu sugiro que os mega-eventos imponem uma "doutrina choque" neo-liberal, que instala formas de governo extra-legal, transformando permanentemente o socio-espaço do Rio de Janeiro.
Real Estate market, state-entrepreneurialism and urban policy in the 'gentrification by ground rent dispossession' of Santiago de Chile
Authors: López-Morales Ernesto José
Published: April 2010

Se plantea la existencia de una forma particular de 'gentrificación por desposesión de renta de suelo' en Chile, resultante de la interacción entre estrategias estatales pro-mercado (entrepreneurial urbanism), regulaciones urbanas locales que aumentan rentas potenciales de suelo, y una devaluación del espacio construido a través de políticas públicas que limitan la renovación urbana en baja escala. Como resultado, los propietarios residentes – cerca del 80% de los habitantes del espacio peri-central popular (inner city) de Santiago – encuentran dificultad para añadir valor de cambio y uso a sus propiedades, mientras que la mayor parte de las rentas potenciales producidas son acumulados por un número limitado de desarrolladores inmobiliarios. De esta forma, el deterioro avanza, las rentas de suelo socialmente capitalizadas disminuyen y, ante la eventual renovación urbana en altura, la única opción para los residentes es vender a bajo precio y emigrar a localizaciones desventajosas en la periferia urbana.
Cuban Medical Internationalism: Domestic and International Impacts
Authors: Blue Sarah A.
Published: April 2010

Desde 2003, Cuba ha expandido dramáticamente su programa, con décadas de historia, de misiones humanitarias internacionales. Este artículo explora las dimensiones políticas, económicas y de género y raza de las misiones internacionalistas cubanas en varias escalas de análisis. A macro-nivel, los servicios médicos de exportación han reemplazado al turismo en los últimos años como fuente de moneda fuerte en Cuba con resultados positivos, tanto en lo político como en lo económico. Sus impactos en la vida doméstica son complejos. En Cuba, debido a la economía dual, los salarios de los trabajadores de la salud se han visto devaluados y esto incentiva a dichos trabajadores a brindarse voluntariamente para las misiones en el exterior. La expansión de las misiones médicas internacionales es una manera de mejorar el estandar de vida de los trabajadores de la salud, de los cuales una gran parte son mujeres, negros o mulatos. La mencionada expansión también trae como resultado una restructuración de los servicios médicos para la población cubana.
Convergent evidence for categorial change in French: From subject clitic to agreement marker
Authors: Culbertson Jennifer
Published: April 2010

The status of subject clitics in French has been heavily debated (Kayne 1975, Rizzi 1986, Roberge 1990, Auger 1994b, Miller & Sag 1997, De Cat 2007b, and many others). Distributional properties of French subject clitics have led Kayne (1975), Rizzi (1986), and others to analyze them as argument-bearing elements occupying canonical subject position, cliticizing to the verb only at the level of the phonology. While this hypothesis enjoys a wide following, a growing body of evidence suggests that it fails to capture patterns of subject-clitic use in colloquial French dialects/registers (Roberge 1990, Auger 1994b, Zribi-Hertz 1994, Miller & Sag 1997). Using new evidence from prosodic and corpus analyses, speaker judgments, and crosslinguistic typology, this article argues that (i) European Colloquial French exhibits differences from Standard French that impact how subject clitics are best analyzed, and more specifically (ii) subject clitics in European Colloquial French are affixal agreement markers, not phonological clitic arguments.
Phonological movement in Classical Greek
Authors: Agbayani Brian , Golston Chris
Published: April 2010

We show that Classical Greek HYPERBATON involves pervasive phonological movement. Hyperbaton moves prosodic constituents to prosodic positions, subject to prosodic boundaries and to prosodic conditions on well-formedness. Syntactic analyses of hyperbaton fail insofar as they require the movement of heads, phrases, and nonconstituents to positions that are difficult to define syntactically. Furthermore, hyperbaton disobeys anti-locality constraints and a host of well-studied syntactic island conditions. We propose that phonological movement arises as the result of constraint interaction in the phonological component, subsequent to the interface between syntax and phonology.
Predicting syntax: Processing dative constructions in American and Australian varieties of English
Authors: Bresnan Joan , Ford Marilyn
Published: April 2010

The present study uses probabilistic models of corpus data in a novel way, to measure and compare the syntactic predictive capacities of speakers of different varieties of the same language. The study finds that speakers' knowledge of probabilistic grammatical choices can vary across different varieties of the same language and can be detected psycholinguistically in the individual. In three pairs of experiments, Australians and Americans responded reliably to corpus model probabilities in rating the naturalness of alternative dative constructions, their lexical-decision latencies during reading varied inversely with the syntactic probabilities of the construction, and they showed subtle covariation in these tasks, which is in line with quantitative differences in the choices of datives produced in the same contexts.
The centrality of metrical structure in signaling information structure: A probabilistic perspective
Authors: Calhoun Sasha
Published: April 2010

This article introduces a new way to explain how information structure is signaled prosodically in English. I claim that METRICAL STRUCTURE plays a central role (Ladd 2008, Truckenbrodt 1995). Information structure (defined as in Steedman 1991 and Vallduví & Vilkuna 1998) places strong constraints on the PROBABIILISTIC mapping of words onto metrical prosodic structure—that is, foci usually align with nuclear accents and theme/rheme units with prosodic phrases, and themes are less metrically prominent than rhemes. It is shown that focus position, scope, and pragmatic interpretation are then derived by manipulating EXPECTED PROMINENCE within metrical structure. Broadly, the more prominent a word than expected, the more likely a contrastive reading; the less prominent, the more likely a givenness reading. Both constructed and naturally occurring examples from the Switchboard corpus are used.
Language-particular syntactic rules and constraints: English locative inversion and do -support
Authors: Bruening Benjamin
Published: April 2010

Locative inversion in English ( under the bridge lived a troll ) is ungrammatical in all of the contexts where do -support applies: subject-auxiliary inversion, sentential negation, emphasis or verum focus, VP ellipsis, and VP displacement. Importantly, it is ungrammatical in these contexts whether do -support applies or not: it is ungrammatical with other auxiliaries, and it is also ungrammatical in nonfinite clauses of these types, where do -support never actually applies. This indicates that all of these contexts have something in common, and that cannot be disruption of adjacency between tense/agreement and the verb because there is no such disruption with other auxiliaries or in nonfinite contexts. These facts therefore argue against the standard last-resort theory of do -support, which holds that it is inserted to save a stranded tense/agreement affix, and for a theory like that of Baker 1991. In this theory, VPs have corresponding SPECIAL PURPOSE ([SP]) VPs, and do heads a [SP] VP. All of the contexts for do -support have in common the featural specification [SP]. Locative inversion involves a null expletive subject, the licensing of which is blocked by a non-[SP] context. All of this argues for a view of syntax with language-particular licensing constraints, features, and rules, within a range of variation proscribed by universal grammar.
"Waste in a Great Enterprise": Influenza, Modernism, and One of Ours
Authors: Doležal Joshua
Published: April 2010

World War I has overshadowed the Great Influenza of 1918 so thoroughly in American thought that historian Alfred Crosby has styled it "America's forgotten pandemic." Willa Cather's One of Ours (1922), which recounts the ravages of influenza on American sailors bound for France, raises questions about why the 1918 flu has registered so faintly in the modern American imagination. This absence is clarified by De Man's notion of modernity as a "combined interplay of deliberate forgetting with an action that is also a new origin." Whereas some American modernists sought to sever themselves from the past by emphasizing the historical fissure created by the war and ignoring the historical continuity implied by the pandemic, Cather's investigation of disease as one of the deterministic forces of the twentieth century reveals a modernism which embraces historicity as a way of "diagnosing one's present."
W. B. Yeats's Steinach Operation, Hinduism, and the Severed-Head Plays of 1934–1935
Authors: Myers Kimberly R.
Published: April 2010

In the mid-1930s, William Butler Yeats wrote two plays that feature a poet figure who confronts his muse and is subsequently beheaded. In The King of the Great Clock Tower and A Full Moon in March , Yeats symbolically processes a complex nexus of concerns in his life at the time: long-standing writer's block, his immersion in Hindu thought, and the sexual impotence that contributed to his decision to undergo the often misunderstood genito-urinary Steinach operation in April of 1934. Yeats was predisposed to trust the medical theories behind the Steinach operation because they corresponded with ideas about sexuality and mental vitality he found in Hinduism.
Raising the Dead: Sermons, Suicide, and Transnational Exchange in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: McGuire Kelly
Published: April 2010

This article explores the merging of physiological and philosophical strains of vitalist thought in the Anniversary Sermons celebrating the work of the British Humane Society, an organization devoted to promoting resuscitation techniques in the late eighteenth century. Residing at the intersection of literature, medicine, and religion, Humane Society sermons delivered by William Dodd and other prominent clergymen reflect the transnational identifications lurking at the origins of the Society. This paper argues that the Sermons also reveal the Society's concern with articulating an idea of Britishness primarily through its intervention in attempts at suicide that helped define a notion of the English Malady in the period. In this sense, the Sermons reveal how the transnational, far from challenging an emergent idea of the nation, may instead have given rise to an imagining of national identity fostered by a devotional—rather than a wholly secularized—print culture.
"Reading" the Body of Terri Schiavo: Inscriptions of Power in Medical and Legal Discourse
Authors: Miller Terri Beth
Published: April 2010

Contemporary debate over "right to life" versus "death with dignity" issues has increasingly cast doubt over a cherished tenet of modern medicine: the modeling of the clinical encounter as a moment of pure contact between the legible body and the discerning eye of the expert—a contact prior to language and innocent of ideology. This essay analyzes the medico-legal commentary surrounding one of the debate's iconic figures, Terri Schiavo, to argue that current interpretations of the disabled body are deeply motivated by the ideologically-inflected narrative structures into which such bodies come. Western medicine's diagnosis-prognosis-treatment triad constitutes an especially potent discursive instrument through which the disabled body is domesticated and rendered narratable, amenable to analysis, categorization, and disposal as delineated by authorized "readings" of bodily signs. These ostensibly positivist diagnostic/prognostic standards are in fact infused by normative assumptions of the body's proper form, function, and place within the human community.
Jumpstarting the Decolonial Engine: Symbolic Violence from Fanon to Chávez
Authors: Ciccariello-Maher George
Published: April 2010

This paper finds the unifying thread of Frantz Fanon's revolutionary decolonial philosophy in what I call "symbolic decolonial violence," the violent self-assertion and public appearance of colonized and racialized non-beings which creates the necessary groundwork for their entry into being. By applying this concept to contemporary political discourse and identity dynamics in Venezuela, while maintaining an insistently "parallax view," we are able to enrich our understanding of both Fanon's work and the specificities of the Venezuelan situation. Such an approach allows us to see that it is the social-scientific literature that is most critical of the "violence" and "conflict" of the contemporary Venezuelan revolutionary process that testifies most powerfully to the very Fanonian truth of that process: the forced entry of formerly non-beings into being.
A generalization of the Giulietti–Korchmáros maximal curve
Authors: Garcia Arnaldo , Güneri Cem , Stichtenoth Henning
Published: April 2010

We introduce a family of algebraic curves over 𝔽
q
2n

(for an odd n) and show that they are maximal. When n = 3, our curve coincides with the 𝔽
q
6
-maximal curve that has been found by Giulietti and Korchmáros recently. Their curve (i.e., the case n = 3) is the first example of a maximal curve proven not to be covered by the Hermitian curve.
Creep-Fatigue Relationships in Electroactive Polymer Systems and Predicted Effects in an Actuator Design
Authors: Vinogradov Aleksandra M. , Ihlefeld Curtis M. , Henslee Isaac
Published: April 2010

The paper concerns the time-dependent behavior of electroactive polymers (EAPs) and their use in advanced intelligent structures for space exploration. Innovative actuator design for low weight and low power valves required in small plants planned for use on the moon for chemical analysis is discussed. It is shown that in-depth understanding of cyclic loading effects observed through accelerated creep rates due to creep-fatigue interaction in polymers is critical in terms of proper functioning of EAP based actuator devices. In the paper, an overview of experimental results concerning the creep properties and cyclic creep response of a thin film piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride is presented. The development of a constitutive creep-fatigue interaction model to predict the durability and service life of EAPs is discussed. A novel method is proposed to predict damage accumulation and fatigue life of polymers under cyclic loading conditions in the presence of creep. The study provides a basis for ongoing research initiatives at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Kennedy Space Center in the pursuit of new technologies using EAP as active elements for lunar exploration systems.
Comparison of Inclusion Assessment Rating Standards in Terms of Results and Reliability by Numerical Simulation
Authors: Hénault E.
Published: April 2010

Today, the cleanliness assessment of bearing steel is usually performed by using standard metallographic methods such as ASTM E45, DIN 50602, Norme Internationale ISO 4967, ASTM 2283, etc. These methods are based on the estimation of indexes, and they use either reference images given by charts (Plate I-r for use with ASTM E45) or the principle of the extreme values. The obtained indexes contribute to the quality assessment of a heat. As all these methods do not give the same results, they must be compared to determine the following: First, what the most appropriate method for a given case is and, second, what the reliability of each obtained result is. It is nearly impossible to answer these questions on the basis of a set of experimental measurements coming from these methods. Indeed, this approach is inevitably time-consuming and does not offer any guarantee as to the conclusions. The main reason is that no standard sample exists with known cleanliness properties. To solve this problem, we have developed a simulation approach. In this case, the different methods of cleanliness assessment are simulated on virtual samples. The inclusion populations are perfectly known in this kind of sample (number of inclusions per mm3, sizes, positions, etc.). To create them, the characteristic parameters of these populations (size distribution, elongation distribution, etc.) must be precisely obtained through experiments. To carry this out, an automatic system of measurement has been developed using a scanning electronic microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer system. The model in this simulation approach takes into account the experimental conditions (detection limit, observed area, etc.) and gives numerical results according to the typical chart taken from the standard methods. So, it is possible to compare and to evaluate the reliability of the results from the different methods or to quantify the effects of a parameter of a method on the results. Moreover, it provides the reliability of an experimental result to meet the requirement of a given customer in a more precise way.
Analytische Wavelet-Packets zur Separation unbekannter SprachsignaleAnalytic Wavelet-Packets for Separation of Unknown Speech Signals
Authors: Sandmair Andreas , Lietz Mario , Puente León Fernando
Published: April 2010

Die Separation unbekannter Signale ist im Bereich der Sprachsignalverarbeitung von besonderer Bedeutung. Die Trennung erfolgt bei Verwendung mehrerer Mikrofone durch Auswertung der resultierenden Laufzeiten zwischen den einzelnen Quellen und Sensoren. Diese Laufzeitdifferenzen führen im Frequenzbereich zu definierten Phasendifferenzen zwischen den Sensorsignalen. Durch die statistische Analyse der Phasenwerte ist eine Rekonstruktion der Signale unter bestimmten Rahmenbedingungen möglich. Zur Berechnung der spektralen Koeffizienten wird normalerweise die Kurzzeit-Fourier-Transformation (STFT) verwendet. Durch den Einsatz analytischer Wavelet-Packets (AWP) kann die Leistungsfähigkeit derartiger Separationsalgorithmen hinsichtlich Zeitdauer und Genauigkeit verbessert werden. Nach einer Beschreibung des Separationsproblems im Allgemeinen und der Unterschiede der beiden Zeit-Frequenz-Darstellungen werden die Vorteile der Wavelet-Packets gegenüber der Kurzzeit-Fourier-Transformation erläutert.
Machine-Vision zur Messung der Faserorientierung bei der textilbasierten FVK-HerstellungMachine-Vision to Measure the Fiber Orientation in Textile-based FRP Production
Authors: Schmitt Robert , Mersmann Christoph , Schönberg Alexander
Published: April 2010

Fertigungsintegrierte Messungen leisten einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Industrialisierung der textilbasierten Herstellung von Hightech-Bauteilen aus Faserverbundkunststoffen (FVK). Gemessene Prozessparameter ermöglichen durch das Schließen von Qualitätsregelkreisen eine Automatisierung zur wirtschaftlicheren Serienproduktion, welche die kostenintensiven manuellen Fertigungsschritte ablöst. Den Schwerpunkt des Beitrags bilden Algorithmen für eine robuste Messung des Qualitätsmerkmals “Faserorientierung” unter industriellen Bedingungen durch ein Machine-Vision-System.
Objektdetektion und -verfolgung durch nichtlineare Filterung und Fusion von Lidar- und PositionsdatenObject Detection and Tracking through Non-Linear Filtering and Fusion of Lidar and Position Data
Authors: Thuy Michael , Habigt Julian , Puente León Fernando
Published: April 2010

In diesem Beitrag wird eine neue Methode erarbeitet, um Objekte im Kontext von Fahrerassistenzsystemen und autonomen Automobilen zu erkennen und robust zu verfolgen. Als umweltabbildende Sensoren dienen zwei Lidarscanner, welche das Fahrzeugumfeld zyklisch abtasten. Zusätzlich werden diese Daten mit den eigenen Positionsdaten fusioniert, um sie in ein weltfestes Koordinatensystem zu überführen. Diese Lidardaten werden anschließend einem Partikelfilter zugeführt. Innerhalb des Filterzyklus dienen die Lidarpunkte zur Speisung der Beobachtungsfunktion und bewerten somit die einzelnen Partikel. Eine darauf folgende Ballungsanalyse extrahiert die geschätzten Systemzustände der verfolgten Objekte.
Ways of Celebrating Ram’s Birth
Authors: Richman Paula
Published: April 2010

Hindu descendants of Indian indentured labourers, who arrived in colonial Natal between 1860 and 1910, celebrate Ram Navami (Ram’s birth) today in Greater Durban, South Africa, in diverse ways related to the Indian regions from which their ancestors came and their subsequent history after they settled locally. Hindi-speaking Hindus focus on exegesis of Ramcaritmanas, a text-centred practice, while Telugu-speaking Hindus celebrate with bhajans by composers such as Tyagaraja and Bhadrachala Ramdas, a song-centred practice. This contrast in language and style shows how religious practice retains the imprint of the area of their ancestors’ origin. In contrast, that worshippers come from far distances to join the unique celebration of Ram in his cradle at the Durban Hindu Temple, founded in 1901 across from the Railway Barracks where large numbers of Indians lived, reflects their dispersal from downtown Durban due to the Group Areas Act during apartheid. A Ram-centered dance drama based on Valmiki’s Ramayana, which received funding from the National Arts Council, suggests that at times the post-apartheid state classifies Hindu dance drama as a historically disadvantaged art form. The four examples show how the circumstances of indenture and the effects of apartheid have shaped today’s observance of Ram Navami in Durban.
The Pujas in Historical and Political Controversy
Authors: McDermott Rachel Fell
Published: April 2010

This essay uses the lens of the Bengali Sakta Pujas—public annual festivals to Durga, Kali, and Jagaddhatri—as a means of illustrating the history of English-Indian relations in miniature during the entire period of British rule in Bengal, from the mid-eighteenth century until 1947 and beyond. Each period surveyed— the late eighteenth century to the 1830s, the 1830s to 1857, 1858 through the First Partition of Bengal to World War I, the 1920s to Independence, and the 1950s to today—juxtaposes British and Indian views of and approaches to the Pujas and situates those views and approaches within the larger context of the prestige market, colonialism, nationalism, communalism, and party politics.
Janamejaya’s Big Brother
Authors: Brodbeck Simon
Published: April 2010

This article explores the story of Pariksit in the Mahabharata and suggests an interpretation whereby Pariksit’s eldest son opted out of Pariksit’s patriline, preferring that of his mother. This interpretation is supported by reference to various similar stories within the Mahabharata and elsewhere. The article then suggests that several different Mahabharata characters may be seen as parallel representations of Pariksit’s eldest son. Finally, the article offers an explanation of the Mahabharata’s oblique narrative strategy and reflects on the implications of these interpretations for the study of the text as a whole.
A Caitanya Vaisnava Response to the Nineteenth-century Bengal Renaissance Movement According to the Works of Bhaktivinoda Thakura
Authors: Okita Kiyo Kazu
Published: April 2010

Bhaktivinoda Thakura (1838–1914) was both a Bhadraloka and a Caitanya Vaisnava reformer. Consequently, he played a unique role in the nineteenthcentury Bengal Renaissance movement. This paper first briefly analyses Western impact on nineteenth-century Bengal and the responses to it from the Bhadralokas and the traditionalists, in terms of their attitude to six points, namely 1) ethics/morality, 2) monotheism, 3) the Bhagavata Purana, 4) image worship, 5) the caste system, and 6) the status of women. Then the paper examines Bhaktivinoda’s unique contribution in relation to the above-mentioned six issues.
Old Traditions, New Techniques
Authors: Owen Mark
Published: April 2010

Kyabje Ling Rinpoche, the senior tutor of His Holiness the fourteenth Dalai Lama, passed away shortly before noon on 25 December, 1983. On the recommendation of the Dalai Lama the decision was taken to preserve the body of the deceased Rinpoche. Over the next four years traditional Tibetan methods and modern sculpting techniques were used to create a ‘living likeness’ of the Rinpoche. This process culminated in a consecration ceremony during which the ‘spirit’ or ‘energy’ of Kyabje Ling Rinpoche was asked to enter back into the preserved body. The holy body, or mardung (dmar gdung), is today kept in a small room in the Dalai Lama’s private temple. Drawing on evidence gathered during fieldwork in a number of Tibetan Buddhist communities, this article attempts to build on recent scholarly work in the increasingly popular field of Buddhist relics. Originally conceived as a starting point for further research in the area of Tibetan Buddhist bodily preservation, this study also attempts to increase insight into traditional Tibetan preservation practices, and the views and beliefs of contemporary Buddhist practitioners. Beginning with an overview of previous scholarship in this area, this investigation addresses issues relating to terminology, motivations for the tradition, as well as contributing to broader methodological debates.
Buddhists, Brahmins and Belief: Epistemology in South Asian Philosophy of Religion, by Dan Arnold
Authors: Robinson Catherine A.
Published: April 2010

Buddhists, Brahmins and Belief: Epistemology in South Asian Philosophy of Religion, by Dan Arnold. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005. 328 pp., £32.50 (hb). ISBN 978-0-231-13281-7.
Saivism in the Diaspora. Contemporary Forms of Skanda Worship, by Ron Geaves
Authors: Ferarri Fabrizio
Published: April 2010

Saivism in the Diaspora. Contemporary Forms of Skanda Worship, by Ron Geaves. London, Oakville: Equinox, 2007. viii + 312 pp., £49.50 (hb), £60. ISBN 10 1845532341 (hb), 13 9781845532345 (hb).
Gender and Narrative in the Mahabharata, edited by Simon Brodbeck and Brian Black
Authors: Hegarty James M.
Published: April 2010

Gender and Narrative in the Mahabharata, edited by Simon Brodbeck and Brian Black. London and New York: Routledge, 2007. 326 pp., £95.00 (hb). ISBN 978-0-415-415408-8.