bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herman Bang als Dichter
Authors: Fürholzer Katharina
Published: May 2023

Herman Bang (1857–1912) zählt zu den bekanntesten und angesehensten Autoren der dänischen Literaturgeschichte. Das anhaltende Interesse an seinem Werk begründet sich dabei insbesondere auf seine (impressionistischen) Romane, Geschichten und Novellen. Dass Bang auch einen Gedichtband veröffentlichte (Digte, 1889; Gedichte) ist jedoch weitgehend in Vergessenheit geraten. Vor diesem Hintergrund möchte der folgende Artikel Bangs poetisches Werk wieder in den Vordergrund rücken und prüfen, inwieweit die in Forschung und Feuilleton feststellbare weitgehende Abwertung des Gedichtbands tatsächlich gerechtfertigt ist. Eingeleitet durch einen kurzen Überblick über die Rezeption des Buches ist mein Zugang zu „Digte“ primär geleitet durch ein übergreifendes Interesse an den in den Gedichten erkennbaren Beziehungsformen. In diesem Zusammenhang werden im Artikel – angelehnt an Bangs eigene, durch ein dem Buch vorangestelltes Motto hervorgehobene Gewichtung – insbesondere die Topoi von Liebe und Tod anhand einzelner, besonders repräsentativ erscheinender Analysen eingehender Betrachtung unterzogen. Nicht zuletzt mit Blick auf die Fülle der über diesen Fokus hinausgehenden, vom Gedichtband aufgeworfenen Themen und Fragestellungen wird abschließend für eine (wissenschaftliche) Neuevaluation von Bangs poetischem Schaffen argumentiert.
Error traps in Pediatric Patient Blood Management in the Perioperative Period
Authors: Tan Gee Mei , Murto Kimmo , Downey Laura A. , Wilder Matthew S. , Goobie Susan M.
Published: May 2023

Patient blood management is a patient‐centered evidence‐based approach to improve patient outcomes by harnessing the patient's own hematopoietic system to optimize blood health while promoting patient safety and empowerment. Perioperative patient blood management is a standard of care in adult medicine, yet it is not commonly accepted in pediatrics. Raising awareness may be the first step in improving perioperative care for the anemic and/or bleeding child. This article highlights five preventable perioperative blood conservation error traps for children. The goal is to provide practical clinical guidance to improve preoperative diagnosis and treatment of anemia, facilitate recognition and treatment of massive hemorrhage, reduce unnecessary allogeneic blood transfusions, and decrease associated complications of anemia and blood component transfusions utilizing a patient/family‐centered informed consent and shared decision‐making approach.
Soliton interactions and Yang–Baxter maps for the complex coupled short‐pulse equation
Authors: Caudrelier Vincent , Gkogkou Aikaterini , Prinari Barbara
Published: May 2023

The complex coupled short‐pulse equation (ccSPE) describes the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear birefringent fibers. The system admits a variety of vector soliton solutions: fundamental solitons, fundamental breathers, composite breathers (generic or nongeneric), as well as so‐called self‐symmetric composite solitons. In this work, we use the dressing method and the Darboux matrices corresponding to the various types of solitons to investigate soliton interactions in the focusing ccSPE. The study combines refactorization problems on generators of certain rational loop groups, and long‐time asymptotics of these generators, as well as the main refactorization theorem for the dressing factors that leads to the Yang–Baxter property for the refactorization map and the vector soliton interactions. Among the results obtained in this paper, we derive explicit formulas for the polarization shift of fundamental solitons that are the analog of the well‐known formulas for the interaction of vector solitons in the Manakov system. Our study also reveals that upon interacting with a fundamental breather, a fundamental soliton becomes a fundamental breather and, conversely, that the interaction of two fundamental breathers generically yields two fundamental breathers with a polarization shifts, but may also result into a fundamental soliton and a fundamental breather. Explicit formulas for the coefficients that characterize the fundamental breathers, as well as for their polarization vectors are obtained. The interactions of other types of solitons are also derived and discussed in detail and illustrated with plots. New Yang–Baxter maps are obtained in the process.
Association between antinuclear antibody and female infertility: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Shiju , Li Xiaodong , Guo Qiwei , Wang Bin , Lan Jingying , Qian Hongyan , Liu Yuan , Shi Guixiu
Published: May 2023

Autoimmunity is reported involving in reproductive failures, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity has been regarded as a typical feature of autoimmunity. Published studies on the association of ANA with reproductive failures including infertility are controversial. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to analyse whether the presence of ANA positivity increases the risk of infertility in women. We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for relevant literature without any restrictions prior to April 28, 2021. All analyses were performed using the RevMan 5.3 software. Twelve studies with 2734 participants, including 1482 patients with infertility, met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The total positivity rate of ANA was 23.8% (353/1482) in all infertile patients and 8.5% (107/1252) in the control group. Infertile females had a significantly higher ANA positivity rate than the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.72–4.87, I2 = 65%, P < .0001). Several subgroup analyses were performed to reduce the heterogeneity. ANA positivity was associated with female infertility in studies either performed by indirect immunofluorescence (OR = 2.26, 95% CI:1.67–3.06, P < .00001) or by ELISA (OR = 10.76, 95% CI:1.82–63.64, P < .00001). ANA was significantly associated with increased risk of women infertility either after the definite exclusion of individuals with autoimmune diseases (AID) or without exclusion [(OR = 1.99, 95% CI:1.29–3.06, P = .002), (OR = 2.76, 95% CI:1.56–4.88, P = .0005), respectively]. This meta‐analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in infertile women and suggests that ANA positivity increases the risk of infertility.
The novel HLA‐A*11:443 allele characterised by two different sequencing‐based typing techniques
Authors: Silva Rodriguez Maël , Pérès Michaël , Morel Thomas , Clément Sandra , Aarnink Alice , Dhuyser Adèle
Published: May 2023

The novel allele HLA‐A*11:443 differs from HLA‐A*11:01:01:01 by one non‐synonymous nucleotide substitution in exon 2.
Epidemiology of canine cutaneous round cell tumours on the canary archipelago in Spain
Authors: Rodríguez José , Santana Ángelo , Borzollino Marisa Andrada , Herráez Pedro , Killick David R. , de los Monteros Antonio Espinosa
Published: May 2023

In this study we undertook a comprehensive analysis of a Pet Tumour Registry of the Canary Archipelago (PTR‐CA) in Spain to investigate the epidemiology of canine cutaneous round cell tumours. From a database of 2526 tumours collected from 2003 to 2020, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of the main trends in diagnosis, age, multiplicity and anatomical distribution as well as a case–control study comparing these cases with the contemporaneous canine population of the Canary Archipelago to analyse breed distribution. In line with former studies, we found histiocytomas mostly affect young dogs (2, IQR 1–5) and mast cell tumours affect middle‐to‐old dogs (8, IQR 6–10) with grade 1 affecting at younger ages (6.5, IQR 6–8) than both grade 2 (8, IQR 6–10 years) and grade 3 (9, IQR 7–11). Histiocytomas and plasmacytomas showed a similar anatomical distribution appearing mainly on the face, head and neck regions while mast cell tumours occur mainly on limbs and trunk. Higher risk for mast cell tumours and histiocytomas were found for Bulldog‐related breeds such as Boxer (ORMCT = 23.61, CI95%: 19.12–29.15, ORHCT = 10.17, CI95%: 6.60–15.67), Boston Terrier (ORMCT 19.47, CI95%: 7.73–49.05, ORHCT 32.61, CI95%: 11.81–90.07) and Pug (ORMCT 8.10, CI95%: 5.92–11.07, ORHCT 7.87, CI95%: 4.66–13.28) while Chihuahua dogs showed significantly less risk (ORMCT 0.18, CI95%: 0.09–0.33, ORHCT 0.41, CI95%: 0.21–0.78). Notably, the Canarian Mastiff, a local breed, had a low risk of suffering from a mast cell tumour which raises the question of whether this relates to a genetic peculiarity of this breed or some husbandry and environmental factor.
The use of shotgun label‐free quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry to evaluate the inflammatory response in aqueous humor from horses with uveitis compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses
Authors: Terhaar Hannah M. , Henriksen Michala de Linde , Mehaffy Carolina , Hess Ann , McMullen Richard J.
Published: May 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to use shotgun label‐free tandem mass spectrometry (LF‐MS/MS) to evaluate aqueous humor (AH) from horses with uveitis (UH) compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses (HH).

Animals Studied

Twelve horses diagnosed with uveitis based on ophthalmic examination and six ophthalmologically healthy horses (postmortem) purchased for teaching purposes.

Procedures

All horses received a complete ophthalmic examination and physical exam. Aqueous paracentesis was performed on all horses and AH total protein concentrations were measured with nanodrop (TPn) and refractometry (TPr). AH samples were analyzed with shotgun LF‐MS/MS and proteomic data were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.

Results

A total of 147 proteins were detected, 11 proteins had higher abundance in UH, and 38 proteins had lower abundance in UH. Proteins with higher abundance included apolipoprotein E, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (A2M), alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein, prothrombin, fibrinogen, complement component 4 (C4), joining chain for IgA and IgM, afamin, and amine oxidase. There were positive correlations between TPn (p = .003) and TPr (p = .0001) compared to flare scores.

Conclusion

Differential abundance of A2M, prothrombin, fibrinogen, and C4 indicate upregulation of the complement and coagulation cascade in equine uveitis. Proinflammatory cytokines and the complement cascade have potential as therapeutic targets for equine uveitis.
Is It Feasible to Reconstruct Aortic Pressure Waveform Based on a One-Dimensional Uniform Model of the Arterial Tree?
Authors: Hao Zhili
Published: May 2023

Based on a one-dimensional (1D) uniform model of the arterial tree, various machine-learning techniques have been explored to reconstruct aortic pressure waveform (APW) from peripheral pressure waveform (PPW). This study aims to examine the feasibility of such reconstruction. Based on a 1D uniform vibrating-string model, transfer function (TF) of PPW to APW contains four harmonics-dependent parameters: value and phase of reflection coefficient (i.e., load impedance) at periphery and transmission parameter and transmission loss in the aorta-periphery section. Pressure waveforms and blood velocity waveforms at the ascending aorta (AA), the carotid artery (CA), and the radial artery (RA) of virtual health subjects at different ages in a prevalidated database are analyzed to calculate (1) reflection coefficient at the CA and the RA as two peripheries, (2) TF for the AA-CA and AA-RA sections, and (3) transmission parameter and transmission loss in the two sections. Harmonics-dependence of the four parameters varies with aging in both sections, and arterial nonuniformity makes it unpractical to configure any mathematical model for their harmonics-dependence. Instead of fluid-loading, arterial nonuniformity greatly affects transmission loss. Compared with higher harmonics, transmission loss dramatically alters reconstructed APW. A 1D uniform model allows accurate reconstruction of APW from PPW, with a caveat that baseline values of the four parameters at different harmonics under different cardiovascular (CV) conditions need to be established a priori. Alternatively, based on the baseline values, PPW can be directly utilized for inferring CV conditions.
Discrete-Time Constrained Controller for Proportional Directional Control Valve-Based Electrohydraulic System With Parametric Uncertainty and Disturbances
Authors: Kumawat Ashok Kumar , Rout Raja , Kumawat Renu , Rawat Manish
Published: May 2023

This paper develops a discrete constrained controller for electrohydraulic system (EHS) controlled by proportional directional control (PDC) valve while taking parametric uncertainties into account. The proposed controller solves the discrete barrier Lyapunov function via convex optimization while taking into consideration the system constraints such as state and actuator constraints. The proposed control law successfully tracks the reference trajectory while satisfying the state and actuator constraints. It is proven that the tracking error always converges to an arbitrary small neighborhood which is validated using Lyapunov stability analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed discrete barrier Lyapunov function based constrained controller was verified in a simulation environment and also through experimentation. From the simulation and experimental results, it is clear that the proposed controller drives the load to accurately track the reference trajectory in the presence of uncertainty and unknown disturbances.
Suppression of Wave Instability in a Liquid Film Flow Down a Non-Uniformly Heated Slippery Inclined Plane Using Odd Viscosity
Authors: Desai Akshay S. , Chattopadhyay Souradip , Gaonkar Amar K. , Barua Amlan K. , Mukhopadhyay Anandamoy
Published: May 2023

We study the effects of odd viscosity on the stability of a thin Newtonian liquid film flowing down a nonuniformly heated plane under a slip boundary condition. The effect of odd viscosity arises in classical fluids when the time-reversal symmetry breaks down. Due to the odd viscosity, the odd part of the Cauchy stress tensor consists of symmetric and antisymmetric parts and shows several striking effects. We apply the Navier slip boundary condition for the slippery inclined plane at the solid–liquid interface. For our problem, we first derive an evolution equation whose solution describes the film thickness. The equation contains parameters considering the effect of inertia, thermocapillarity, slip length, and odd viscosity. We then perform the linear stability analysis and find that odd viscosity can significantly suppress the combined destabilizing effects of the thermocapillarity and slip length. Next, we analyze the dynamics using the weakly nonlinear approach, which provides details of different subregions of the instability zone. We observe that as the influence of the odd viscosity increases, the supercritical stable and explosive zones shrink while the unconditional stable and subcritical unstable zones expand. We also perform numerical investigation and observe that linear analysis, weakly nonlinear theory, and numerical results are consistent.
Elastic Modulus and Its Relation to Apparent Mineral Density in Juvenile Equine Bones of the Lower Limb
Authors: Moshage Sara G. , McCoy Annette M. , Kersh Mariana E.
Published: May 2023

Density–modulus relationships are necessary to develop finite element models of bones that may be used to evaluate local tissue response to different physical activities. It is unknown if juvenile equine trabecular bone may be described by the same density-modulus as adult equine bone, and how the density-modulus relationship varies with anatomical location and loading direction. To answer these questions, trabecular bone cores from the third metacarpal (MC3) and proximal phalanx (P1) bones of juvenile horses (age <1 yr) were machined in the longitudinal (n = 134) and transverse (n = 90) directions and mechanically tested in compression. Elastic modulus was related to apparent computed tomography density of each sample using power law regressions. We found that density-modulus relationships for juvenile equine trabecular bone were significantly different for each anatomical location (MC3 versus P1) and orientation (longitudinal versus transverse). Use of the incorrect density–modulus relationship resulted in increased root mean squared percent error of the modulus prediction by 8–17%. When our juvenile density-modulus relationship was compared to one of an equivalent location in adult horses, the adult relationship resulted in an approximately 80% increase in error of the modulus prediction. Moving forward, more accurate models of young bone can be developed and used to evaluate potential exercise regimens designed to encourage bone adaptation.
Non-Contact Irreversible Electroporation in the Esophagus With a Wet Electrode Approach
Authors: Sheehan Mary Chase , Collins Scott , Wimmer Thomas , Gutta Narendra Babu , Monette Sebastian , Durack Jeremy C. , Solomon Stephen B. , Srimathveeravalli Govindarajan
Published: May 2023

Our objective was to develop a technique for performing irreversible electroporation (IRE) of esophageal tumors while mitigating thermal damage to the healthy lumen wall. We investigated noncontact IRE using a wet electrode approach for tumor ablation in a human esophagus with finite element models for electric field distribution, joule heating, thermal flux, and metabolic heat generation. Simulation results indicated the feasibility of tumor ablation in the esophagus using an catheter mounted electrode immersed in diluted saline. The ablation size was clinically relevant, with substantially lesser thermal damage to the healthy esophageal wall when compared to IRE performed by placing a monopolar electrode directly into the tumor. Additional simulations were used to estimate ablation size and penetration during noncontact wet-electrode IRE (wIRE) in the healthy swine esophagus. A novel catheter electrode was manufactured and wIRE evaluated in seven pigs. wIRE was performed by securing the device in the esophagus and using diluted saline to isolate the electrode from the esophageal wall while providing electric contact. Computed tomography and fluoroscopy were performed post-treatment to document acute lumen patency. Animals were sacrificed within four hours following treatment for histologic analysis of the treated esophagus. The procedure was safely completed in all animals; post-treatment imaging revealed intact esophageal lumen. The ablations were visually distinct on gross pathology, demonstrating full thickness, circumferential regions of cell death (3.52 ± 0.89 mm depth). Acute histologic changes were not evident in nerves or extracellular matrix architecture within the treatment site. Catheter directed noncontact IRE is feasible for performing penetrative ablations in the esophagus while avoiding thermal damage.
Sliding and rolling along circular tracks in a vertical plane
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: May 2023

Objects that slide or roll along curved tracks in a vertical plane are investigated in two separate experiments. One concerns a smooth metal nut that slides along a semicircular track made from coat hanger wire. The other concerns a billiard ball that slides and rolls along a curved track. A simple theoretical model is provided to account for the results and to extend the discussion to consider shortest descent times down circular tracks.
A Scoping Review of Disability Assessment in Prospective and Cross-Sectional Studies That Included Device-Based Measurement of Physical Activity
Authors: Carr Shelby , Atkin Andrew J. , Jones Andy P. , Pulsford Richard , Milton Karen
Published: May 2023

Background: Evidence on the prevalence, determinants, and health outcomes of physical activity in disabled people is limited. It is possible that the limited availability of high-quality scientific evidence is due to the extent and nature of disability assessment in physical activity research. This scoping review explores how disability has been measured in epidemiological studies that included accelerometer-based measurement of physical activity. Methods: Data sources: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, PsychINFO, Health Management Information Consortium, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL. Eligibility criteria: Prospective and cross-sectional studies that included an accelerometer measurement of physical activity. Survey instruments used in these studies were obtained, and questions relating to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health domains of (1) health conditions, (2) body functions and structures, and (3) activities and participation, were extracted for analysis. Results: Eighty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, from which complete information on the 3 domains was obtained for 68. Seventy-five percent of studies (n = 51) captured whether a person had at least one health condition, 63% (n = 43) had questions related to body functions and structures, and 75% (n = 51) included questions related to activities and participation. Conclusion: While most studies asked something about one of the 3 domains, there was substantial diversity in the focus and style of questions. This diversity indicates a lack of consensus on how these concepts should be assessed, with implications for the comparability of evidence across studies and subsequent understanding of the relationships between disability, physical activity, and health.
Relationship Between Muscle Activity and Force During Suspended Bridge Exercises
Authors: Skibski Andrew , Devorski Luk , Orfield Nolan , Mangum L. Colby
Published: May 2023

Context: Isometric core stability exercises are commonly used to target muscles of the lumbopelvic–hip complex, including the rectus abdominis (RA) and erector spinae (ES). These exercises can be implemented in rehabilitation protocols to increase muscle strength and endurance. Difficulty can be progressed by modifying the base of support or adding an unstable element. Load cells can be affixed to suspension training devices to measure force exerted through the straps during exercise. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between activity of the RA and ES to force measured through a load cell fixed to suspension straps during bilateral and unilateral suspended bridge exercises. Design: Forty asymptomatic, active individuals completed a single laboratory visit. Methods: Participants completed 2 bilateral suspended bridges and 2 unilateral suspended bridges held to failure. Surface electromyography sensors were placed over the bilateral RA and ES to quantify muscle activity (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction). A load cell was affixed to the suspension straps to measure force exerted through the straps throughout the duration of the exercise. Pearson correlations were used to determine relationships between force and muscle activity of the RA and ES throughout exercise duration. Results: Force was negatively related to RA muscle activity in bilateral suspended bridges (r = −.735 to −.842, P < .001) and unilateral suspended bridges (r = −.300 to −.707, P = .002 to <.001). Force had a positive relationship with ES muscle activity in bilateral suspended bridges (r = .689 to .791, P < .001) and unilateral suspended bridges (r = .418 to .448, P < .001). Conclusions: Suspended bridge exercises can be a valuable tool to target posterior abdominal musculature such as the ES to contribute to core stability and endurance. Load cells can be applied during suspension training to quantify the interaction between individuals and the exercise equipment.
TMEM106B regulates microglial proliferation and survival in response to demyelination
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Pang Weilun , Feng Tuancheng , Guo Jennifer , Wu Kenton , Nunez Santos Mariela , Arthanarisami Akshayakeerthi , Nana Alissa L. , Nguyen Quynh , Kim Peter J. , Jankowsky Joanna L. , Seeley William W. , Hu Fenghua
Published: May 2023

TMEM106B, a lysosomal transmembrane protein, has been closely associated with brain health. Recently, an intriguing link between TMEM106B and brain inflammation has been discovered, but how TMEM106B regulates inflammation is unknown. Here, we report that TMEM106B deficiency in mice leads to reduced microglia proliferation and activation and increased microglial apoptosis in response to demyelination. We also found an increase in lysosomal pH and a decrease in lysosomal enzyme activities in TMEM106B-deficient microglia. Furthermore, TMEM106B loss results in a significant decrease in the protein levels of TREM2, an innate immune receptor essential for microglia survival and activation. Specific ablation of TMEM106B in microglia results in similar microglial phenotypes and myelination defects in mice, supporting the idea that microglial TMEM106B is critical for proper microglial activities and myelination. Moreover, the
TMEM106B
risk allele is associated with myelin loss and decreased microglial numbers in humans. Collectively, our study unveils a previously unknown role of TMEM106B in promoting microglial functionality during demyelination.
Adherence to preventive behaviours and associated factors towards COVID-19 among adults in Gurage zone, Ethiopia, 2020: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Bedewi Jemal , Girum Tadele , Tsegay Tesfalidet , Derese Mohamed , Yasin Fedila , Kasahun Abebaw Wasie
Published: May 2023

Objectives

People’s adherence to preventive practices for COVID-19 is fundamental to controlling the transmission of the virus. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing adherence to preventive practices for COVID-19 and associated factors among the general population in Gurage zone, Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess preventive practices and associated factors for COVID-19 among adults in the Gurage zone. The study is based on health belief model constructs. The study involved 398 participants. A multistage sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants. An interviewer-administered, close-ended, structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of the outcome variable.

Results

The overall adherence to all recommended preventive behaviours of COVID-19 was 17.7%. The majority of respondents (73.1%) practice at least one of the recommended preventive behaviours for COVID-19. Among adults’ COVID-19 preventive behaviours score, wearing a face mask was the highest (82.3%) and social distancing was the lowest (35.4%). Residence adjusted OR (AOR)) 3.42 (95% CI 1.6 to 7.31), marital status AOR 0.33 (95% CI (0.15 to 0.71)), knowledge of the absence/presence of the COVID-19 vaccine AOR 0.45 (95% CI (0.21 to 0.95)) and self-rated level of knowledge as poor AOR 0.052 (95% CI 0.036 to 0.18) and self-rated level of knowledge as not bad AOR 0.14 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.82) were significantly associated with social distancing practice. Factors affecting other COVID-19 preventive behaviours are described in the ‘Results’ section.

Conclusion

Prevalence of good adherence to recommended preventive behaviours for COVID-19 was very low. Residence, marital status, knowledge of vaccine presence, knowledge of curative drug presence, knowledge of the incubation period, the self-rated level of knowledge and perceived risk to be infected with COVID-19 are significantly associated factors with adherence to preventive behaviours.
Clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes, including experiencing of patient safety events, associated with admitting patients to single rooms compared with shared accommodation for acute hospital admissions: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Bertuzzi Andrea , Martin Alison , Clarke Nicola , Springate Cassandra , Ashton Rachel , Smith Wayne , Orlowski Andi , McPherson Duncan
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Assess the impact of single rooms versus multioccupancy accommodation on inpatient healthcare outcomes and processes.

Design

Systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Data sources

Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence website up to 17 February 2022.

Eligibility criteria

Eligible papers assessed the effect on inpatients staying in hospital of being assigned to a either a single room or shared accommodation, except where that assignment was for a direct clinical reason like preventing infection spread.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data were extracted and synthesised narratively, according to the methods of Campbellet al.

Results

Of 4861 citations initially identified, 145 were judged to be relevant to this review. Five main method types were reported. All studies had methodological issues that potentially biased the results by not adjusting for confounding factors that are likely to have contributed to the outcomes. Ninety-two papers compared clinical outcomes for patients in single rooms versus shared accommodation. No clearly consistent conclusions could be drawn about overall benefits of single rooms. Single rooms were most likely to be associated with a small overall clinical benefit for the most severely ill patients, especially neonates in intensive care. Patients who preferred single rooms tended to do so for privacy and for reduced disturbances. By contrast, some groups were more likely to prefer shared accommodation to avoid loneliness. Greater costs associated with building single rooms were small and likely to be recouped over time by other efficiencies.

Conclusions

The lack of difference between inpatient accommodation types in a large number of studies suggests that there would be little effect on clinical outcomes, particularly in routine care. Patients in intensive care areas are most likely to benefit from single rooms. Most patients preferred single rooms for privacy and some preferred shared accommodation for avoiding loneliness.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022311689.
Value of retrograde pulmonary vein perfusion combined with pulmonary artery thrombectomy in acute pulmonary embolism: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiang Jun , He Ling , Peng Tailuan , Liang Weiwei , Wei Shuliang
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Acute pulmonary embolism is a serious cardiovascular disease with high mortality. Surgery is an important therapeutic means. The traditional surgical method is pulmonary artery embolectomy with cardiopulmonary bypass, but there is a certain recurrence rate after surgery. Some scholars use retrograde pulmonary vein perfusion as an adjunct to conventional pulmonary artery embolectomy. However, whether this method can be used safely for acute pulmonary embolism and its long-term effects remains unclear. Therefore, we plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether retrograde pulmonary vein perfusion combined with pulmonary artery thrombectomy can be safely used in acute pulmonary embolism.

Methods and analysis

We will search key databases (Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China Science and Technology Journals and Wanfang) for studies on acute pulmonary embolism treated with retrograde pulmonary vein perfusion from January 2002 to December 2022. The useful information will be consolidated into a piloting spreadsheet. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool will be used to assess the bias. Data will be synthesised and heterogeneity will be evaluated. The dichotomous variables will be determined by using risk ratio with 95% CI, and weighted mean differences (with 95% CI) or standardised mean differences (95% CI) will be used for continuous variables. Χ2test and I2test will be used to assess the statistical heterogeneity. Meta-analysis will be conducted when strong homogeneous data are accessible.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval of the ethics committee is not needed for this review. While results will be disseminated electronically, effective dissemination will be done through presentations and peer-reviewed publication.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022345812; pre-results.
Feasibility of dynamic chest radiography to calculate lung volumes in adult people with cystic fibrosis: a pilot study
Authors: FitzMaurice Thomas Simon , McCann Caroline , Nazareth Dilip , Hawkes Scott , Shaw Matthew , McNamara Paul Stephen , Walshaw Martin
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Dynamic chest radiography (DCR) is a novel, low-dose, real-time digital imaging system where software identifies moving thoracic structures and can automatically calculate lung areas. In an observational, prospective, non-controlled, single-centre pilot study, we compared it with whole-body plethysmography (WBP) in the measurement of lung volume subdivisions in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF).

Methods

Lung volume subdivisions were estimated by DCR using projected lung area (PLA) during deep inspiration, tidal breathing and full expiration, and compared with same-day WBP in 20 adult pwCF attending routine review. Linear regression models to predict lung volumes from PLA were developed.

Results

Total lung area (PLA at maximum inspiration) correlated with total lung capacity (TLC) (r=0.78, p<0.001), functional residual lung area with functional residual capacity (FRC) (r=0.91, p<0.001), residual lung area with residual volume (RV) (r=0.82, p=0.001) and inspiratory lung area with inspiratory capacity (r=0.72, p=0.001). Despite the small sample size, accurate models were developed for predicting TLC, RV and FRC.

Conclusion

DCR is a promising new technology that can be used to estimate lung volume subdivisions. Plausible correlations between plethysmographic lung volumes and DCR lung areas were identified. Further studies are needed to build on this exploratory work in both pwCF and individuals without CF.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN64994816.
Communication capacity maximization in drone swarms
Authors: Javed Farrukh , Khan Humayun Zubair , Anjum Raheel
Published: May 2023

Employment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones as swarms of coordinating nodes offers multiple advantages for commercial as well as military applications. However, the complex communication requirements of these swarms, coupled with high data rates of advanced UAV payloads, require innovative techniques for optimizing data throughput. Channel capacity being the key resource, optimum communication architecture and network topology is critical to ensure quality of service while remaining within transmission power constraints. This paper proposes a capacity maximization approach for swarm communication architectures using mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). These techniques are designed to tackle optimization applications involving both discrete variables and nonlinear system dynamics. Mathematical model formulated considering system constraints and desired objective function establishes applicability of MINLP. Since MINLP problems are NP-hard in general, computational overheads and search space exponentially grow with number of nodes in the swarm. Therefore, outer approximation algorithm has been applied that achieves near-optimal solutions with reduced convergence time and complexity compared with exhaustive search. Applicability of algorithm regardless of selected communication architecture has been established through realistic simulations.
Homotopy Continuation Method for Discounted Zero-Sum Stochastic Game with ARAT Structure
Authors: Dutta A. , Das A. K.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we introduce a new function to trace the trajectory by applying the modified homotopy continuation method for finding the solution of two person zero-sum discounted stochastic ARAT game. For the proposed algorithm, the homotopy path approaching the solution is smooth and bounded.
Free Axisymmetric Vibrations of Functionally Graded Material Annular Plates via DTM
Authors: Sharma Sumit Kumar , Ahlawat Neha
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a semi-analytical technique based on Taylor’s series method namely DTM has been used to solve the differential equation which governs the motion of three types of annular FGM plates. The differential equation has been obtained using Hamilton principle and classical plate theory. The mechanical properties of the plate (Young’s modulus and density) are considered to be graded in thickness direction and vary following the power-law. The behaviour of volume fraction index and radii ratio has been investigated onto first three modes of frequency parameter for all three plates. Moreover, the novelty of this paper is the application of the versatile technique DTM to study the effect of radii ratio and volume fraction index on three different types of annular FGM plates. A comparison has been made between the obtained numerical results and the results are available in the literature. A good agreement of the results verifies the accuracy of the present technique. Three-dimensional mode shapes for all three plates are also presented.
Elastic Buckling of Oblate Hemi-Ellipsoidal Shells Subjected to Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Kerdsuk Pakavat , Pulngern Tawich , Tangbanjongkij Chanachai , Chucheepsakul Somchai , Jiammeepreecha Weeraphan
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the elastic buckling behavior of oblate hemi-ellipsoidal shells (OHES) subjected to non-uniform external hydrostatic pressure. The virtual work-energy of OHES consists of virtual strain energy due to membrane, bending, in-plane stress resultants, and virtual work of hydrostatic pressure. For buckling analysis, the geometric stiffness matrix is obtained from the strain energy due to in-plane stress resultants. A finite element procedure via a C1 continuity axisymmetric element is applied to solve the critical hydrostatic pressure from the eigenvalue buckling problem. The buckling pressure of the hemi-ellipsoidal dome subjected to uniform external pressure is verified with the previous research and FEM commercial software. Present results also indicate that the maximum in-plane stress of the hemi-ellipsoidal shell shapes are near the apex point as the axisymmetric buckling shape. In the case of hydrostatic pressure, the critical hydrostatic pressure of OHES is determined and are in good agreement when compared with the experimental results in published research. Furthermore, the shape ratio influences the difference in critical load results between uniform pressure and hydrostatic pressure, especially when the shape ratio is higher than 0.5 and the [Formula: see text] ratio is less than or equal to 100. Seawater depth limitations in subsea engineering are also presented and found that the shell thickness and shape ratio are the major factors affecting critical seawater depth.
Leibniz algebras whose solvable ideal is the maximal extension of the nilradical
Authors: Shermatova Z. Kh. , Abdurasulov K. K.
Published: May 2023

The paper is devoted to the so-called complete Leibniz algebras. It is known that a Lie algebra with a complete ideal is split. We will prove that this result is valid for Leibniz algebras whose complete ideal is a solvable algebra such that the codimension of nilradical is equal to the number of generators of the nilradical.
INVERSE HALFTONING BASED ON WEIGHTED NUCLEAR NORM MINIMIZATION
Authors: YANG JUN , JIA XIAOJUN , LIU ZIHAO , CHEN LI , WU YING
Published: May 2023

The inverse halftoning technology refers to restoring a continuous-toned image from a halftoned image with only bi-level pixels. However, recovering the continuous images from their halftoned ones is normally ill-posed, which makes the inverse halftoning algorithm very challenging. In this paper, we propose an optimization model with two alternate projections (TAP) for image inverse halftoning under the weighted nuclear norm minimization (WNNM) framework. The main contributions are twofold. First, the WNNM nonlocal regularization term is established, which offers a powerful mechanism of nonlocal self-similarity to ensure a more reliable estimation. Second, the alternate minimization projections are formulated for solving the image inverse halftoning, which reconstructs the continuous-toned image without destroying the image details and structures. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed the state of the arts in terms of both objective measurements and subjective visual performance. The codes and constructed models are available at: https://github.com/juneryoung2022/IH-WNNM.
USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK-BASED SEGMENTATION FOR IMAGE-BASED COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF BRAIN ANEURYSMS: INITIAL EXPERIENCE IN AUTOMATED MODEL CREATION
Authors: REZAEITALESHMAHALLEH MOSTAFA , LYU ZONGHAN , MU NAN , JIANG JINGFENG
Published: May 2023

“Image-based” computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations provide insights into each patient’s hemodynamic environment. However, the current standard procedures for creating CFD models start with manual segmentation and are time-consuming, hindering the clinical translation of image-based CFD simulations. This feasibility study adopts deep-learning-based image segmentation [hereafter referred to as Artificial Intelligence (AI) segmentation] to replace manual segmentation to accelerate the CFD model creation. Two published convolutional neural network-based AI methods (MIScnn and DeepMedic) were selected to perform CFD model extraction from three-dimensional (3D) rotational angiography data containing intracranial aneurysms. In this study, aneurysm morphological and hemodynamic results using the models generated by AI segmentation methods were compared with those obtained by two human users for the same data. Interclass coefficients (ICCs), Bland–Altman plots, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients (PCCs) were combined to assess how well the AI-generated CFD models performed. We found that almost perfect agreement was obtained between the human and AI results for all 11 morphological parameters and five out of eight hemodynamic parameters, while a moderate agreement was obtained from the remaining three hemodynamic parameters. Given this level of agreement, using AI segmentation to create CFD models is feasible, given more developments.
INFLUENCE OF FIXATION STABILIZATION ON FEMUR DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURE HEALING — A FINITE ELEMENT STUDY COMPARING HEALING OUTCOMES OF NAILING AND PLATING
Authors: RATHOR SANDEEP , UDDANWADIKER RASHMI , APTE ASHUTOSH
Published: May 2023

Primary healing is caused by rigid osteosynthesis and it takes longer to heal. The flexibility provided by fixation allows micromotion between fragments which allows secondary healing. In this study, the healing outcomes of nailing and plating in different fixation stability were investigated and compared by using the finite element tool. The nonlinear contact analysis was performed on 10 different fixation configurations capturing interlock nail and compression plate in post-surgery and post-healing (PH) phases. The post-surgery results showed that flexibility instead of rigidity in nail implantation increases the axial and shear micromotion near fracture site by 47.4% ([Formula: see text]) and 12.4% ([Formula: see text]), respectively. For plate implantation, the flexible fixation increases the axial and shear micromotion near the fracture site by 75.7% ([Formula: see text]) and 25.3% ([Formula: see text]), respectively. The PH results show that the highest rise in mean stress in bone when compared with intact bone was found to be 13.4% for nail and 202% for plate. Our findings suggest that flexible fixations of nail and plate with six screws discussed in this study provide a preferred mechanical environment for healing. These two configurations were also observed to reduce post-surgery complications.
Optimization of the Working Parameters with Digital Jidoka Twin by Hybridizing the WSPA and HS Methods to Keep Products Within Standard Specifications
Authors: Abed Ahmed M. , Alarjani Ali , Seddek Laila F.
Published: May 2023

The manufactured products that rely on molten Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) via Tederic machine (450[Formula: see text]t) suffer from some types of defects such as black dots, shrinkage, and bubbles, which weaken the competitiveness. Therefore, this work proposes the Jidoka recruit’s network system (JRNS) to set optimal operating parameters to reduce the processes’ output variations and cut down on total process wastage autonomously. The suggested JRNS consists of two sequential stages. The first stage in front propagation relies on response surface methodology (RSM) in classifying the significant operating parameters from 15 candidates experimentally (DOE) to identify the most crucial one. The second stage predicts the processes’ deviation by integrating two meta-heuristic methods called harmony search (HS) and weighted superposition attraction (WSPA) in the backpropagation to automatically reset the operating parameters to keep the product within the standard specification to avoid 11 defect chances. JRNS is innovative and has been used to upgrade autonomous control for enhancing the Tederic machine (450[Formula: see text]t) process to reduce 70.98% of molding defects. The JRNS (RSM, [Formula: see text]) increases the operation efficiency from 94% to 100% and reduces the defects per million opportunity to the six sigma scale.
Impedance analysis of PEG plasticized PEO-based composite polymer electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Wang Yumei , Lu Li , Zhang Huangwei
Published: May 2023

Solid-state sodium-ion batteries (SSIBs) will be the next generation batteries due to the high safety, low price, and availability of sodium resources. Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are promising electrolytes because of easy fabrication, good stability, and high flexibility facilitating a good electrolyte-electrode interface, although their ionic conductivities are still unsatisfied. In this work, a CPE made of polyethylene oxide (PEO), Na3Zr2Si2PO12, and NaClO4 has been fabricated. To further enhance the ionic conductivity and a good electrolyte–electrode interface, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is added as a plasticizer. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrates effect on conductivity by introducing PEG.
New bounds on the outer-independent total double Roman domination number
Authors: Sheikholeslami S. M. , Volkmann L.
Published: May 2023

A double Roman dominating function (DRDF) on a graph [Formula: see text] is a function [Formula: see text] satisfying (i) if [Formula: see text] then there must be at least two neighbors assigned two under [Formula: see text] or one neighbor [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]; and (ii) if [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text] must be adjacent to a vertex [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. A DRDF is an outer-independent total double Roman dominating function (OITDRDF) on [Formula: see text] if the set of vertices labeled [Formula: see text] induces an edgeless subgraph and the subgraph induced by the vertices with a non-zero label has no isolated vertices. The weight of an OITDRDF is the sum of its function values over all vertices, and the outer-independent total Roman domination number [Formula: see text] is the minimum weight of an OITDRDF on [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we establish various bounds on [Formula: see text]. In particular, we present Nordhaus–Gaddum-type inequalities for this parameter. Some of our results improve the previous results.