bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PYRAZOLINES: PART II
Authors: McGreer Donald E. , Wai Wing , Carmichael George
Published: May 2006

Product analysis has been carried out on the pyrolysis reaction in the liquid and vapor phase of 4- and 5-methyl-3-carbomethoxy-Δ2-pyrazolines and 3-methyl-3-carbomethoxy-Δ1-pyrazoline. The proportion of cyclopropane product was found to be greater than earlier reports had indicated and was higher for the vapor-phase pyrolysis than for the liquid-phase reaction. Vapor-phase pyrolysis of Δ2-pyrazolines was found to require a catalyst, such as potassium hydrogen phosphate, which is believed to make possible the transformation of the Δ2-pyrazoline into the pyrolyzable Δ1-pyrazoline.
THE KINETICS OF THE TERTIARY-AMINE-CATALYZED REACTION OF ORGANIC ISOCYANATES WITH THIOLS
Authors: Iwakura Yoshio , Okada Hisao
Published: May 2006

The kinetics of the reactions of isocyanates with thiols in the presence of tertiary amines were examined. The rate of the reaction was of the first order with respect to the concentration of isocyanate, thiol, and tertiary amine. The catalytic action of tertiary amines decreased in the order of triethylenediamine, triethylamine, diethylcyclohexylamine, tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, and quinoline. The relative rate of the reaction of phenylisocyanate with thiols decreased in the order of phenylmethanethiol, 1,4-butanedithiol, 1-butanethiol, 1-dodecanethiol, and thiophenol. The reaction took place more smoothly in strong ionizing solvents. These facts can be explained by the reaction mechanism indicated by the equations [6] to [8].
REACTIONS OF OXODELCOSINE AND INTERRELATION OF DELCOSINE AND DELSOLINE
Authors: Skarić Vinko , Marion Léo
Published: May 2006

The oxidation of diacetyldelcosine produces a lactam which, after hydrolysis of the acetyl groups, can be oxidized further to a diketo-lactam in which one of the keto groups is in a five- and the other in a six-membered ring. This result leads to an alteration of the previously suggested structure of delcosine. The new structure suggests a close relationship between delcosine and delsoline which is confirmed by the methylation of the former. The reaction is selective and gives rise to a monomethyldelcosine identical in every way with delsoline. Reduction of the diketo-lactam (didehydro-oxodelcosine) with sodium borohydride gives oxodelcosine. Dehydro-oxodelcosine is also described, and its oxidation with lead tetraacetate as well as that of oxodelcosine lead to the formation of keto-products which lend supporting evidence for the structure assigned to delcosine.
THE COPPER/ARSENIC SYSTEM AND THE COPPER ARSENIDE MINERALS
Authors: Heyding R. D. , Despault G. J. G.
Published: May 2006

In addition to the α solid solution of arsenic in copper, three intermediate phases exist in the copper/arsenic system. The ε phase, stable only below ca. 340 °C, has the hexagonal A3 [Formula: see text] structure with a = 2.588, c = 4.226 Å, and the approximate formula Cu8As. The compound Cu3−xAs with 0 ≤ x ≤0.3, is trigonal, [Formula: see text]with a = 7.132, c = 7.304 Å at x = 0. This compound has no polymorphic forms between 200 °C and the melting point. The arsenic-rich compound Cu5−uAs2, with 0 ≤ u ≤ 0.1, melts incongruently at about 700 °C, and decomposes at 300 °C to arsenic and Cu3As. The structure has not been determined, but the powder diffraction pattern is recorded. The solubility of copper in arsenic appears to be negligible.It is suggested that the mineral α domeykite is a high-pressure phase, and that the mineral algodonite is a high-pressure modification of the ε phase. The mineral β domeykite is isostructural with Cu3As.
THE DETERMINATION OF ZIRCONIUM WITH BENZOYLPHENYLHYDROXYLAMINE
Authors: Ryan D. E.
Published: May 2006

Zirconium is completely precipitated by benzoylphenylhydroxylamine from 0.5 N acid solutions. The complex formed in sulphuric acid solutions has a constant composition, Zr(C13H10O2N)4, and is used for the direct weighing of zirconium; the factor is 0.0970. The product precipitated from hydrochloric acid solutions must be ignited to the oxide. The reaction is sensitive, 1 p.p.m. of zirconium being detectable, and quantitative determination of 0.2 mg is possible. Thorium and the rare earths do not interfere.
THE APPLICATION OF THE HAMMETT EQUATION TO ORTHO-SUBSTITUTED BENZENE REACTION SERIES
Authors: Charton Marvin
Published: May 2006

The Hammett equation is directly applicable to ortho-substituted benzene reaction series in which reaction site and benzene ring are separated by some group Z, apparently due to the absence of steric effects in these series. The σp values are used in the correlations. Fourteen ortho-substituted benzene reaction series have been correlated. The electrical effect of a substituent in the ortho position is found to be about 0.75 times its effect in the para position. The effect of the side-chain Z in the transmission of substituent effects is OCH2 > SCH2 > CH = CH > SeCH2 > CH2CH2.
CONJUGATED FATTY ACIDS OF TRAGOPOGON AND CALENDULA SEED OILS
Authors: Chisholm Mary J. , Hopkins C. Y.
Published: May 2006

The seed oil of Tragopogonporrifolius L. was found to contain about 4% of conjugated diene hydroxy fatty acids, identified as 9-hydroxy-10,12- and 13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acids. On dehydration, the products were 8,10,12- and 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acids. The diene acids were cis,trans or trans,cis and the triene acids were judged to be all-trans.The conjugated triene acid of Calendulaofficinalis L. seed oil was isolated and identified as trans,8:trans, 10:cis,12-octadecatrienoic acid by spectral analysis, by the structure of the maleic anhydride adduct, and by identification of degradation products. All-trans-8,10,12-octadecatrienoic acid was found to react with maleic anhydride at both the 8,11 and 10,13 positions.
CATALYZED RECOMBINATION OF NITROGEN ATOMS, AND THE POSSIBLE PRESENCE OF A SECOND ACTIVE SPECIESIN ACTIVE NITROGEN
Authors: Kelly Roger , Winkler C. A.
Published: May 2006

The reactions of ethylene, ethane, and ammonia with active nitrogen have been studied over the pressure range 0.3 to 4 mm usinganunheatedreaction vessel. The object was to determine why each reactant shows, as is well-known, a smaller extent of reaction at lower temperatures than would be predicted from the atom concentration. It was concluded that ethylene probably brought about homogeneouscatalyzedrecombination, i.e. the process [Formula: see text] followed by N + N•C2H4 → N2 + C2H4. The over-all third-order rate constant appeared to be very large, about 1.8 × 10−28 cc2 molecule−2 sec−1. The behavior of ammonia was quite different from that of ethylene and it was, in fact, possible to show that the extent of reaction was not governed by the instantaneous atom concentration at all. The results can be explained qualitatively, however, if it is assumed that excited molecules formed in the course of homogeneous atom decay constitute a second active species in active nitrogen. This view serves also to explain the failure in such work as that of Kistiakowsky etal. to observe ammonia destruction or excited molecules when especially low atom concentrations are used. The few experiments involving ethane were sufficient to show that the reactivity was low for a different reason than with ethylene.
LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE REDUCTION OF STERICALLY HINDERED AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS
Authors: Anet F. A. L. , Muchowski J. M.
Published: May 2006

not available
ISOLATION OF HYPERIN FROM RED-OSIER DOGWOOD (CORNUS STOLONIFERA MICHX.)
Authors: Nair G. V. , Rudloff E. Von
Published: May 2006

not available
GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART II. THE DEHYDRATION PRODUCTS OF α-TERPINEOL
Authors: Rudloff E. Von
Published: May 2006

The complex mixture of terpenes obtained on dehydrating α-terpineol with aqueous oxalic acid was almost completely separated by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC), using rapeseed oil as a new liquid phase. Terpinolene, dipentene, α- and γ-terpinene, Δ2,4(8)-p-menthadiene, and 1,8-cineole were identified as the major reaction products; three minor and seven trace constituents were also detected. One of the minor components was p-cymene, one an oxide, and the third an unidentified hydrocarbon. The yield of these components after different reaction times was determined by GLC. The initial dehydration gives terpinolene and dipentene in the ratio of approximately 2:1. Terpinolene is isomerized to α- and γ-terpinene, Δ2,4,(8)-p-menthadiene, and the unidentified hydrocarbon, but not to dipentene. 1,8-Cineole and the other oxide are formed in a reversible reaction. Dehydration of α-terpineol with several other acidic reagents yielded mixtures of products similar to that obtained with aqueous oxalic acid. With acetic acid or acetic anhydride, however, dipentene was formed preferentially and this reaction appears to proceed via the derived acetate.
COCATALYSIS IN FRIEDEL–CRAFTS REACTIONS: IV. BORON FLUORIDE – METHANOL
Authors: Clayton Joan M. , Eastham A. M.
Published: May 2006

The kinetics of the isomaerization of cis- and trans-2-butenes, catalyzed by methanol and boron fluoride mixtures, have been studied. The rate was found to be proportional to the concentrations of the boron fluoride – methanol complex and of free boron fluoride but independent of the butene concentration.
CONTRIBUTION À L'ÉTUDE DE LA RÉACTION DE VON RICHTER: II. SUR L'IDENTIFICATION DE PRODUITS NEUTRES
Authors: Cullen E. , L'Écuyer Ph.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE INFRARED AND THE NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF POLYPHENYL DERIVATIVES OF THE ELEMENTS OF GROUPS IVb AND Vb
Authors: Rao C. N. R. , Ramachandran J. , Balasubramanian A.
Published: May 2006

The near-ultraviolet absorption spectra of polyphenyl derivatives of the IVb and Vb elements have been studied in detail. In the case of the triphenyl derivatives of the Vb elements, the unshared p-electrons on the central atoms interact strongly with the π-orbitals of the benzene rings. When the central atoms do not possess unshared electrons as in the case of the derivatives of the IVb and the pentavalent Vb elements, there appears to be no such resonance interaction. The Hammett reactivity constants of the para- and meta-trityl, triphenylsilyl, and triphenylgermanyl groups are estimated to be close to zero. However, the reactivity constant of the triphenylsilyl group in the para position of phenol is estimated to be about 0.30. The infrared spectra of the phenyl derivatives of the IVb and Vb elements show smooth trends due to mass effects of the central atoms, in the C=C skeletal, C—H out-of-plane, and other vibrations. The absorption frequencies which are assigned to the phosphorus-phenyl and silicon–phenyl bonds in the literature do not appear to be unique for these linkages.
HYDROGEN ISOTOPE EFFECT IN THE AMINATION OF CHLOROBENZENE BY SODAMIDE
Authors: Dunn G. E. , Krueger Peter J. , Rodewald Walter
Published: May 2006

Mixtures of chlorobenzene and chlorobenzene-2-2H have been subjected to partial amination by sodamide in liquid ammonia and both the unreacted starting material and the product aniline have been analyzed for deuterium. Deuterium in the aniline is distributed approximately equally between the ortho and meta positions. The results give strong support to the mechanism proposed by Roberts and co-workers in which the slow step is the formation of an intermediate, such as benzyne, which is symmetrical with respect to carbon atoms 1 and 2.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE "GUM ASAFOETIDA" POLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: Jones J. K. N. , Thomas G. H. S.
Published: May 2006

The polysaccharide from gum asafoetida contains D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid, and D-glucuronic acid. It is a highly branched polymer which contains a backbone of D-galactopyranose residues which are very probably mainly 1,3-β-linked.The side chains consist of residues of L-arabinofuranose, D-galactopyranose, D-glucuronic acid, and its 4-O-methyl ether.
THE REARRANGEMENT OF 2-IMINO-1,3-OXATHIANE
Authors: Menard Marcel , Wrigley Averil M. , Chubb Francis L.
Published: May 2006

2-Imino-1,3-oxathiolane, in the free state, evolves cyanic acid spontaneously and gives rise to ethylene sulphide. This rearrangement is characteristic of all substituted 2-imino-1,3-oxathiolanes. It has now been found that rearrangement of the next higher homologue, 2-imino-1,3-oxathiane, does not give the anticipated trimethylene sulphide but only tris-3-mercaptopropyl cyanurate. The mechanism of this rearrangement is discussed.
SOME PROPERTIES OF PURE POLYOXYETHYLENEGLYGOL ETHERS IN SOLUTION
Authors: Sirianni A. F. , Gingras B. A.
Published: May 2006

Solution properties of a series of hexaoxyethyleneglycol ethers having 8 to 16 carbon atoms in a paraffin chain along with a number of diethers were assessed in ethanol at 48 and 60 °C. The molecular weights at infinite dilution indicated that the compounds are unassociated. Solvation effects were observed for the monoethers having 14 or more carbon atoms in the hydrophobic portion of the molecule, but were absent for those molecules containing 12 carbon atoms or less. The apparent micellar weights suggested that association did not proceed beyond a dimer for most of the hexaoxyethyleneglycol compounds. The diethers obeyed Raoult's law up to the critical micelle concentration while different apparent association patterns were observed beyond this concentration.
ORGANIC DEUTERIUM COMPOUNDS: XXIII. SYNTHESIS OF DEUTERATED OLEFINS
Authors: Kovachic D. , Leitch L. C.
Published: May 2006

The synthesis of some deuterated ethylenes, propylenes, butenes, and pentenes is described. Homolytic addition of hydrogen bromide and deuterium bromide to allene and some deuteroallenes was investigated and found to give 2-bromopropylene and deutero-2-bromopropylenes rather than the 3-bromo isomers. The preparation of 3-bromopentadeuteropropene by the allylic bromination of hexadeuteropropene is described. Bromotrichloromethane and 1,3-butadiene gave, under homolytic conditions, trans-5,5,5-trichloro-1-bromo-2-pentene, which was debrominated to a mixture of 5,5,5-trichloropentenes. The latter was then dechlorinated to 1-pentene, which contained some 2-pentenes. Hexadeuterobutadiene reacted similarly to give the corresponding deuterated compounds.
A WATER-SOLUBLE GALACTOMANNAN FROM COCONUT (COCOS NUCIFERA): PART I. METHYLATION STUDIES
Authors: Rao C. V. N. , Choudhury D. , Bagchi P.
Published: May 2006

A water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from the kernel of coconut (Cocos nucifera) had [α]D −85° and contained D-galactose (1 mole) and D-mannose (2 moles). Methylation and hydrolysis yielded 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-mannose (0.51 mole); 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (0.5 mole); 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose (5.52 moles); 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-galactose (1.51 moles); and a di-O-methyl-D-galactose (1 mole). These data agree with those of periodate oxidation. The structural significance of these results is discussed.
THE COMPLEX DIELECTRIC CONSTANT AT LOW MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES OF ETHYL CHLORIDE ADSORBED ON POROUS VYCOR GLASS
Authors: McCowan J. D. , McIntosh R.
Published: May 2006

The complex dielectric constant of the system Vycor glass – ethyl chloride has been measured at three temperatures in the range +11 °C to −33 °C and in the frequency range between 500 Mc sec−1 and 4000 Mc sec−1 by the use of a coaxial line. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of the adsorbate have also been evaluated. Appreciable loss in the adsorbed matter is found for small quantities adsorbed, and loss is again detected at the highest frequencies and lowest temperatures for the matter held in multilayers or condensed in capillaries. The frequency range and accuracy of measurement were not sufficient to classify the type of loss curve, but other evidence suggests that the loss for the first quantities adsorbed will turn out to be that for rotational oscillators. In general earlier observations of this system are confirmed and extended.
THE INFRARED FREQUENCIES AND INTENSITIES OF THE HYDROXYL BAND IN ORTHO-SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS
Authors: Ingold K. U. , Taylor D. R.
Published: May 2006

The infrared frequencies, intensities, and half-band widths of the fundamental stretching vibration of the hydroxyl group have been measured for a large number of ortho-alkyl phenols. It has been found that phenols containing a single ortho-alkyl substituent exist as cis and trans isomers in unequal amounts, the trans isomer being the more abundant. The difference in free energy between the two isomers in dilute solution in carbon tetrachloride at 24 °C has been measured for ortho-cresol, 2,3-dimethyl phenol, and several ortho-tert-alkyl phenols.
STEROIDS: I. 12β-METHYL-12α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE
Authors: Just George , Nagarajan R.
Published: May 2006

Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of 3α,12α -diacetoxypregnan-20-one (Ia) gives as the major product pregnane-3α,12α,20β-triol (III), whereas the reduction of the corresponding dihydroxypregnanone I affords mainly the epimeric 3α,12α,20α-triol II. Triol III was transformed to 12β-methyl-12α-hydroxyprogesterone (VIII).
THE DEMETHYLATION OF SUGARS WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Authors: Fraser-Reid B. , Jones J. K. N. , Perry M. B.
Published: May 2006

Demethylation of methylated sugars can be achieved using hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron (Fenton's reagent). The reaction is not specific and further oxidation of the sugar also occurs. The preparation of 3,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannose from the corresponding mannitol derivative is described. Mono-O-methyl derivatives of D-mannose and of D-mannitol as well as D-mannose and D-mannitol were also produced. The course of the demethylation of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl methyl α-D-glucoside by Fenton's reagent has been examined.
CHEMISTRY OF THE TRIFLUOROMETHYL GROUP: PART II. NICKEL (II) COMPLEXES OF TRIFLUOROMETHYL PHOSPHINES
Authors: Beg M. A. A. , Clark H. C.
Published: May 2006

not available
PRESSURE EFFECT AND MECHANISM IN ACID CATALYSIS: VI. HYDROLYSIS OF α-D-GLUCOSE-1-PHOSPHATE
Authors: Osborn A. R. , Whalley E.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE RANGE OF Na24 IONS OF KILOELECTRON VOLT ENERGIES IN ALUMINUM
Authors: Davies J. A. , Sims G. A.
Published: May 2006

Detailed studies are reported for the depth of penetration in aluminum of monoenergetic Na24 ions over the energy region 0.7–60 kev. Below 20 kev the median range (RM) increases linearly with energy as predicted by the Bohr–Nielsen equation. As was observed in a previous study with Cs137 ions in aluminum, the experimental distribution curves are not Gaussian in shape, but consist of a markedly asymmetric peak followed by a pronounced exponential "tail". The results of a Monte Carlo calculation show that the observed distribution curves correspond quite closely to those predicted by an isotropic elastic-scattering model.Above 20 kev, a slight deviation from the linear range–energy relationship is observed; also, the distribution curves become narrower and more symmetrical, suggesting that electronic interactions are starting to play a significant role in the stopping process. Some preliminary results for the range of accelerated ions of Rb86 and K42 in aluminum are also included for comparison. Median ranges for each of the alkali metal ions are compared with those predicted by the Bohr–Nielsen treatment.
HALF-LIVES OF Rb94, Sr94, Y94, Rb93, Sr95, Y95
Authors: Fritze K. , Kennett T. J. , Prestwich W. V.
Published: May 2006

The existence of a new rubidium isotope, Rb94, has been established and its half-life measured. The half-life of this fission product was determined using the technique of timed precipitations. The value obtained for Rb94 was 2.9 ± 0.3 seconds. With this same technique only an upper limit of 2.5 seconds could be assigned to Rb95. The half-lives of the strontium and yttrium daughters were also determined. The strontium isotopes were studied both by timed precipitations and direct measurements. The half-lives of Sr94 and Sr95 were found to be 1.36 ± 0.06 minutes and 0.8 ± 0.15 minute, respectively. Direct measurements lead to half-lives of 20.35 ± 0.20 minutes for Y94 and 10.9 ± 0.2 minutes for Y95.
HALF-LIFE OF Cs137
Authors: Farrar H. , Dasgupta A. K. , Tomlinson R. H.
Published: May 2006

The half-life of Cs137 was found to be 30.4 ± 0.4 years by determining the amount of Ba137 produced in various times from a known number of Cs137 atoms. The numbers of barium and cesium atoms were determined from isotope dilution data obtained with a mass spectrometer.
EVIDENCE FOR LOW-MOMENTUM-TRANSFER PROCESS IN K41 (α,n)Sc44m,g REACTIONS FROM RANGE MEASUREMENTS OF PRODUCTS
Authors: Matsuo Taku , Sugihara T. T.
Published: May 2006

Average forward ranges have been measured for the product nuclides Sc43, Sc44m, and Sc44g as produced in the reactions K41(α,xn) with alpha particles in the energy region 23 to 39 Mev. These ranges, which are determined by a thick target – thick catcher technique, indicate that the (α,n)-produced isomers are formed in part by a low-momentum-transfer process above 30 Mev, its contribution being larger for the ground-state nuclide Sc44g. From a thick target –thin catcher experiment at 40 Mev, it is found that the range distribution for Sc43 is that expected for a compound-nucleus reaction. Normalizing the Sc44m and Sc44g activity distributions to that of Sc43 for the catchers farthest from the target, we estimate the lower limits for the contribution of a direct-reaction low-momentum-transfer process to the formation of Sc44m and Sc44g at 40 Mev to be about 30% and 46% respectively.
DETERMINATION OF THE DISINTEGRATION RATE OF NUCLIDES DECAYING BY ELECTRON CAPTURE
Authors: Drouin J. R. S. , Yaffe L.
Published: May 2006

In an attempt to determine disintegration rates of nuclides decaying by electron capture, various properties of a 2π proportional counter spectrometer were studied. These included gas multiplication, energy resolution, and energy linearity. The result of varying anode size, gas pressure, and nature of the gas was also investigated. An experimentally determined average path length for characteristic X-ray energies between 4 and 24 kev was found.
THE EQUILIBRIUM DIAGRAMS, HEATS OF MIXING, DIPOLE MOMENTS, DENSITIES, AND BOILING POINTS OF THE SYSTEM ACETONE–CHLOROFORM–BENZENE
Authors: Campbell A. N. , Kartzmark E. M. , Friesen H.
Published: May 2006

The equilibrium diagrams show that a compound, stable in the solid state, is formed in the system chloroform–acetone, but no compound is formed in the binary systems chloroform–benzene and acetone–benzene. The ternary equilibrium diagram, the heats of mixing, and the dipole moments, all show that this compound continues to exist in the presence of benzene, up to a high concentration of benzene. Since a series of ternary mixtures is shown to exist having zero heat of mixing, it was thought that this series of mixtures might behave in a pseudoideal manner, but the determinations of density (molar volume) and boiling point show that this is not so.
STUDIES ON CHLOROBIUM CHLOROPHYLLS: II. THE RESOLUTION OF OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF CHLOROBIUM PHEOPHORBIDE (660) BY GAS–LIQUID PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Morley H. V. , Holt A. S.
Published: May 2006

Methylethylmaleimide, methyl-n-propyl maleimide, and dihydrohematinic acid imide are obtained from Chlorobium pheophorbide (660) on chromic acid oxidation. The separation and isolation of these products and of other imides and pyrroles by gas–liquid partition chromatography is described.
POTASSIUM DERIVATIVES OF FLUORENE AS INTERMEDIATES IN THE PREPARATION OF C9-SUBSTITUTED FLUORENES: III. THE INFLUENCE OF SOLVENT AND METAL IN THE FORMATION OF C9-SUBSTITUTED FLUORENES FROM 9-FLUORENYL METALS
Authors: Scherf G. W. H. , Brown R. K.
Published: May 2006

Equimolar quantities of 9-fluorenyl-potassium, -sodium, or -lithium and alkyl or aralkyl halides at room temperature in ether solvents yielded a mixture of unchanged fluorene, C9-monosubstituted fluorene, and C9-disubstituted fluorene. The amount of disubstitution never exceeded that of unchanged fluorene, and was found to be maximum (∼35%) for the potassium compound in 1,2-dimethoxyethane, somewhat less for the sodium analogue, and small (∼5%) for the lithium compound. In hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, 9-fluorenylpotassium gave only 7% of C9-disubstituted fluorene. The lithium compound, upon reaction with methyl iodide or ethyl iodide gave, along with unreacted fluorene, only C9-monosubstituted fluorene. But reaction of 9-fluorenyllithium with benzyl chloride in hexane gave a small quantity (∼5%) of disubstituted fluorene as well as the monosubstituted product.The results are explained in terms of (a) the solubilities of the organometallic compounds in ether and hydrocarbon solvents, (b) the polarity of the metal carbon bond, and (c) the acidity of the hydrogen on C9 of fluorene.
THE INTERACTION OF DISILOXANE WITH BORON TRIFLUORIDE AND TRICHLORIDE
Authors: Onyszchuk M.
Published: May 2006

Disiloxane does not form stable adducts with boron trifluoride and trichloride, but cleavage of an Si—O bond occurs with formation of the corresponding monohalogenosilane and siloxyboron dihalide. Although siloxyboron dichloride is stable at room temperature, siloxyboron difluoride disproportionates into silyl fluoride, boron trifluoride, and boron trioxide. A stepwise mechanism involving four-center cyclic transition states is postulated for the over-all reaction.Disilthian does not react with boron trifluoride. This indicates that the sulphur atom in the Si—S—Si linkage system has little, if any, electron-donor activity. The absence of electron-donor activity for oxygen and sulphur in Si—O—Si and Si—S—Si linkages is discussed.
DÉRIVÉS DU TRIMÉTHYL-1,8,8 BICYCLO[3.2.1]OCTANE: VI. SYNTHÈSE DU (+)-TRIMÉTHYL-5,8,8 BICYCLO[3.2.1]0CTÈNE-2
Authors: Billy J. M. , Favre H. , Lalancette J. m.
Published: May 2006

not available
HYDROXY FATTY ACID GLYCOSIDES OF SOPHOROSE FROM TORULOPSIS MAGNOLIAE
Authors: Gorin P. A. J. , Spencer J. F. T. , Tulloch A. P.
Published: May 2006

The oil formed during fermentation by a strain of Torulopsismagnoliae consisted mainly of partly acetylated 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose units attached β-glycosidically to 17-L-hydroxyoctadecanoic and 17-L-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acids.
THE HYDROLYSIS OF A SERIES OF STRAIGHT-CHAIN ALKYL METHANESULPHONIC ESTERS IN WATER
Authors: Barnard P. W. C. , Robertson R. E.
Published: May 2006

Rate data for the hydrolysis of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl methanesulphonate have been determined over sufficient range of temperature to permit an evaluation of the corresponding enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity terms for the activation process. Changes in these derived parameters are related to characteristic differences in solvation and mechanism as a consequence of changes in the structure of the hydrolyzing ester.
CHALKOGENIDES OF THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS: III. MOLYBDENUM DITELLURIDE
Authors: Knop Osvald , MacDonald Roderick D.
Published: May 2006

MoTe2 prepared by dry synthesis from the elements at 460 °C and annealed at 600 °C has a layer structure of the C7 type with a0 = 3.5182 ± 14 Å and c0 = 13.9736 ± 40 Å. The parameter of the tellurium atom has been determined from closely reproducible X-ray diffractometer powder intensities as 0.621 ± 1. The nearest-neighbor co-ordination polyhedron of the molybdenum atom is a trigonal prism with a Mo—Te distance of 2.716 ± 12 Å. The distance of nearest approach of the tellurium atoms between layers is 3.945 ± 25 Å and thus greater than the similar distance between chains in metallic tellurium. It is shown that the observed intensities are not compatible with a stacking sequence of the C27 type, which differs from the C7 arrangement in the geometry of the co-ordination polyhedra of the metal atoms.
TETRAHYDROFURANS: I. 2,2-DIMETHYL-4-SUBSTITUTED-4-HYDROXYMETHYLTETRAHYDROFURANS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: Wasson B. K. , Gleason C. H. , Levi I. , Parker J. M. , Thompson L. M. , Yates C. H.
Published: May 2006

Substituted methallylmalonic esters (I) were reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to the corresponding 2-methallyl-1,3-propanediols (II). These diols II underwent cyclization on treatment with a mineral acid to the isomeric 2,2-dimethyl-4-substituted-4-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofurans (IV). II and IV were converted to the respective carbamates III and V, which exhibited pharmacological activity. The assigned structures of the cyclic compounds IV were proved by infrared analyses and the following transformations. Ring scission of 2,2-dimethyl-4-allyl-4-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran (IVe) with acetic anhydride – pyridine hydrochloride yielded 2-allyl-2-methallyl-1,3-propanediol diacetate (Xe). Catalytic reduction of IVe gave 2,2-dimethyl-4-n-propyl-4-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran (IVd). Reductive cleavage of the tosylate VIIIb of 2,2,4-trimethyl-4-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran (IVb) with lithium aluminum hydride yielded the known 2,2,4,4-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran (IXb).
RADIATION-INDUCED EXCHANGE REACTIONS IN SOLUTIONS OF HYDROGEN IN WATER
Authors: Dyne P. J. , Fletcher J. W. , Jenkinson W. M. , Roy L. P.
Published: May 2006

The exchange of H, D, and T atoms between water and dissolved hydrogen has been studied in both heavy and light water solutions. Values of the "exchange yield", Gtracer, for the isotopic hydrogen atoms have been deduced and are identified with the yield of D atoms from HDO in H2O, H atoms from HDO in D2O, T atoms from HTO in H2O and from DTO in D2O. These values are correlated by assuming that the medium, H2O or D2O, affects the total probability of dissociation of the tracer molecule (HDO, HTO, DTO) and that in HDO H atoms are more readily dissociated than D atoms.
ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN CARBONIUM ION REACTIONS: V. SOLVOLYSIS OF METHYL AND ETHYL p-BROMOBENZENESULPHONATES
Authors: Lewis Edward S. , Brown Judith C. , Herndon William C.
Published: May 2006

not available
KINETICS OF ETARD'S REACTION
Authors: Stairs R. A. , Burns J. W.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE SYNTHESIS OF ACETAMIDO-DEOXY KETOSES BY ACETOBACTER SUBOXYDANS: PART I
Authors: Jones J. K. N. , Perry M. B. , Turner J. C.
Published: May 2006

The microbiological oxidation of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucitol by Acetobacter suboxydens yielded a crystalline ketose which is shown to be 5-acetamido-5-deoxy-L-xylohexulose.
THE PREPARATION OF SOME THIOSEMICARBAZONES AND THEIR COPPER COMPLEXES
Authors: Gingras B. A. , Somorjai R. L. , Bayley C. H.
Published: May 2006

Reactions of N- and S-substituted thiosemicarbazones with Cu(I) have been examined. No complexes are formed when the S atom is substituted and(or) when the N2 hydrogen atom is replaced by Me. 4,4-Dimethyl derivatives not only give the usual 1:1 complexes, but also 2:1 complexes (2 thiosemicarbazones to 1 copper) in which copper has been oxidized to Cu(II). Reactions of thiosemicarbazones with Cu(II) give 1:1, 2:1, and probably a mixture which corresponds to 2:3 complexes. A discussion on the possible structures for the 1:1 complexes is given and they are best represented as polymers, the metal being bonded to the sulphur and to a nitrogen atom of the thioseraicarbazide portion of the molecule. Infrared spectra of these compounds have been examined, particularly in the 1100 cm−1 region where a strong to medium band disappears in going from thiosemicarbazones to copper complexes. It is suggested that this band is due to the C=S vibration.
THE INTERACTION OF BORON TRIFLUORIDE WITH HYDRAZINE
Authors: Paterson W. G. , Onyszchuk M.
Published: May 2006

Boron trifluoride and anhydrous hydrazine react rapidly at 25° invacuo yielding a 1:1 complex compound, BF3•N2H4 (m.p. 87°), while at higher temperatures, or with diethyl ether as solvent, they form complex mixtures containing 52.2 to 63.5 mole percent BF3; but in tetrahydrofuran solution the 2:1 adduct, 2BF3•N2H4 (m.p. 260°) is formed. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of BF3•N2H4 consists of 28 lines from which a unit cell with triclinic symmetry was calculated. The thermal decomposition of BF3•N2H4 is complex, yielding in part N2, NH3, NH4BF4, and BN. Hydrolysis of BF3•N2H4 yields a mixture of hydroxyfluoroborate ions. At −80°, BF3•N2H4 absorbs NH3 to form a diammoniate which liberates NH3 slowly at higher temperatures. Partial displacement of BF3 from BF3•N2H4 by HCl and partial absorption of HCl by BF3•N2H4 occur simultaneously at 110°.Infrared spectra of BF3•N2H4 and 2BF3•N2H4 have been measured in the range of 4000 to 650 cm−1 and frequency assignments have been made.
ORTHO-SUBSTITUTED CHLOROBENZENES RELATED TO METAMECONINE
Authors: McRae J. A. , Allen Marjorie , Moir R. Y.
Published: May 2006

Chlorinated derivatives of metameconine were formed for the first time. Partial demethylation of the derivatives with sulphuric acid occurred in highly selective fashion at the methoxyl ortho to the halogen, without regard to the relative position of the carbonyl group which is known to be highly directive for demethylations in the absence of halogen. The phenolic products of the demethylations are needed for the synthesis of sterically hindered diphenyl ethers. They showed a type of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the crystal which was markedly subject to steric interference by the halogen atoms.
GUANIDINE COMPOUNDS: IV. ACETYLATION OF SOME ALKYL-SUBSTITUTED GUANIDINES WITH ACETIC ANHYDRIDE AND ETHYL ACETATE
Authors: Greenhalgh R. , Bannard R. A. B.
Published: May 2006

The acetylation of some mono-, N,N-, and N,N′-dialkylguanidines was studied using ethyl acetate and acetic anhydride. Except for the N,N-dialkylguanidines, the action of ethyl acetate on the free bases gave monoacetyl derivatives. Acetic anhydride with the acetate salts gave diacetyl derivatives with monoalkylguanidines, acetamido-1,3,5-triazines with N,N-dialkylguanidines, and unstable di- and tri-acetyl derivatives with N,N′-dialkyl-guanidines. The assignment of symmetrical structures to the mono- and tri-acetyl derivatives and an asymmetrical structure to the diacetyl derivatives was supported by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The ultraviolet spectra of the monoacetyl derivatives exhibited one peak in the region 230–235 mµ whilst the diacetyl derivatives showed two peaks in the regions 220–230 mµ and 253–263 mµ. Some comments are made on the infrared spectra of these compounds.
CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS OF NICKEL (II): PART II. NEW SPECIES OF NICKEL (II) – SALICYLALDIMINE COMPLEXES
Authors: Clark H. C. , O'Brien R. J.
Published: May 2006

The preparation of two solid paramagnetic forms, one light green and the other buffcolored, of bis-N-methyl-5-chloro-salicylaldimine nickel (II) is reported. Their magnetic and spectral properties are correlated with those of solutions of the originally diamagnetic complex, and it is concluded that in both of these species and also in some of the solutions association of the complex occurs. On this basis a general explanation of the properties of bis-N-alkyl-salicylaldimine nickel (II) complexes is given.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ALUMINUM IN URANIUM METAL AND ITS COMPOUNDS
Authors: Ashbrook Allan W. , Ritcey G. M.
Published: May 2006

A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of small amounts of aluminum in uranium metal and uranium compounds is described. The method makes use of the yellow-colored complex formed between aluminum and 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) at pH 9.5–10; the complex is extracted with carbon tetrachloride. Elements which interfere are extracted with 8-hydroxyquinaldine. The method is suitable for the determination of up to 0.1% aluminum.
ADDUCTS FROM THE REACTION OF N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE WITH L-GCYSTEINE AND WITH GLUTATHIONE
Authors: Lee C. C. , Samuels E. R.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRUM AND THE CHARGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PYRIDINIUM ION
Authors: Smith I. C. , Schneider W. G.
Published: May 2006

not available
AN INFRARED STUDY OF TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE, ITS HYDRATE, AND ITS HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Giguère Paul A. , Chin David
Published: May 2006

The infrared spectra of trimethylamine oxide, its hydrate, and its hydrochloride in the solid state were measured over the range 300 to 3500 cm−1 to ascertain the nature of the bonds in these compounds. From the observed stretching frequencies, 937 cm−1 for N—O and 945 cm−1 for C—N, the corresponding bond lengths are calculated to be 1.44 and 1.50 Å in agreement with X-ray and electron diffraction data. Both these frequencies remain unchanged in the hydrate and the hydrochloride as could be expected for molecular compounds. However, in the hydrochloride most of the evidence points to an ionic constitution. In both the hydrate and the hydrochloride the hydrogen bonds are particularly strong presumably because of the formal charges.
PRIMARY METHOXY RADICAL FORMATION IN THE REACTION OF METHANOL VAPOR WITH Hg 6(3P1) ATOMS
Authors: Knight Arthur R. , Gunning Harry E.
Published: May 2006

A study has been made of the decomposition of methanol vapor by Hg 6(3P1) atoms, under static conditions, at 25 °C. A system constructed entirely of quartz was employed to eliminate the dark reaction between methanol vapor and pyrex glass to form trimethyl borate. Emphasis in this investigation was placed on the determination of the nature of the primary processes operative, and to this end, the reaction was studied in some detail in the presence of nitric oxide.For pure methanol, the major primary products were found to be hydrogen and ethylene glycol. The primary quantum yield for hydrogen was 0.46. Minor products of primary origin were formaldehyde (0.01), ethane (0.005), and dimethyl ether (0.006), with the numbers in parentheses showing the primary quantum yields.In the presence of nitric oxide, the major products became methyl nitrite, nitrous oxide, and water. The quantum yield of methyl nitrite rose steadily with increasing NO concentrations. For a 1:1 CH3OH:NO mixture, the primary quantum yield for methyl nitrite was found to be 0.56. The behavior of the reaction in the presence of NO establishes fairly unequivocally that the major primary process involves O—H bond scission to form methoxy radicals and H atoms. These primary radicals then form hydroxymethyl radicals by abstraction reactions with the substrate. The ethylene glycol product arises by recombination of the secondary hydroxymethyl radicals. These conclusions were further substantiated by mass spectrometric analysis of the products of the decomposition of CD3OH. It was shown that CD3OD is a significant product of the reaction.
DIPOLE MOMENTS AND STRUCTURE OF MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS: PART I. ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC AMINE PICRATES
Authors: Raman R. , Soundararajan Sundaresa
Published: May 2006

Dipole moment measurements have been made for some aliphatic and aromatic amine picrates in dioxane solution. The fractional ionic character of these complexes in the ground state has been calculated from μN, the observed value of dipole moment; μ0, the vector sum of the moments of the components of the complex; μ1, the moment resulting from complete one-electron transfer; and known values of S, using the charge-transfer theory of Mulliken. For these complexes of the n + hσd type, the charge-transfer process lies in the direction of the symmetry axis N+O−, the picture corresponding to an energy of interaction U, versus charge-transfer co-ordinate (C) curve with a shallow minimum showing an inner complex corresponding to (C = 1), b = a2 or b2 > a2, and an activated complex (roughly between C = 0.3 to 0.5) corresponding to an intermediate.
THE RADIO-FREQUENCY DIELECTRIC DISPERSION IN SOLID ETHYL STEARATE
Authors: Davidson D. W.
Published: May 2006

The dielectric properties of solid ethyl stearate were studied between −100° and the melting point at frequencies between 100 cycles/sec and 80 Mc/sec. The circular-arc locus lying within this frequency range in the β (tilted) form consists of a time-dependent and a time-independent part. It is more likely to arise from rotational disorder of tilted molecules than from regions of vertically stacked molecules. The width of the relaxation-time distribution function appears to decrease somewhat more rapidly with increasing temperature than would be expected for a temperature-independent distribution of heights of rotational-energy barriers.
KINETICS OF THE OXIDATION OF HYDRAZOBENZENE BY IODINE AND TRIIODIDE
Authors: May J. W. , Halpern J.
Published: May 2006

The oxidation of hydrazobenzene (AH2) to azobenzene by iodine in aqueous ethanol solution was found to be very rapid and in order to render the kinetics measurable it proved necessary to reduce the concentration of free iodine by complexing with iodide. This revealed a parallel oxidation path, much slower than for iodine, involving the triiodide ion. The overall rate law thus is: −d[AH2]/dt = k1[AH2][I2] + k2[AH2][I3−] where the rate constants, in 60 volume% ethanol, are given by, k1 = 4.2 × 1011 exp [−10,000/RT] M−1 sec−1and k2 = 2.5 × 1011 exp [−16,400/RT] M−1 sec−1. These and other features of the kinetics, including the inverse dependence of the rate constants on the ethanol concentration and the absence of effects due to added quinone and various metal ions, are interpreted in terms of a simple bimolecular mechanism for each path. Some measurements of the thermodynamics of triiodide formation in aqueous ethanol also are reported.
THE ACIDITY OF 9-MONOALKYL- (OR ARYL-) FLUORENES
Authors: Scherf G. W. H. , Brown R. K.
Published: May 2006

not available
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA OF A VINYL PHOSPHATE AND THIONOPHOSPHATE ISOMERS (PHOSDRIN AND 'thionoPHOSDRIN')
Authors: Stothers J. B. , Spencer E. Y.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE HEAT OF FORMATION OF THE FORMYL RADICAL
Authors: Shannon T. W. , Harrison A. G.
Published: May 2006

not available
METAL OXIDE ALKOXIDE POLYMERS: PART I. THE HYDROLYSIS OF SOME PRIMARY ALKOXIDES OF ZIRCONIUM
Authors: Bradley D. C. , Carter D. G.
Published: May 2006

Ebulliometric studies have been made on the hydrolysis of some zirconium alkoxides, Zr(OR)4 where R = Et, Prn, Bui, and Bun. The variation of the degree of polymerization of the zirconium oxide alkoxides so produced was determined as a function of the degree of hydrolysis. The results are interpreted in terms of structural models based on octahedrally 6-co-ordinated zirconium.
THE EFFECT OF INITIAL ACID CONCENTRATION ON THE LIGNIN ISOLATED BY THE ACIDOLYSIS OF ASPEN WOOD
Authors: Pepper J. M. , Siddiqueullah M.
Published: May 2006

A further study has been made of the isolation, by acidolysis, of lignin from aspen wood meal (Populustremuloides Michx.) using a dioxane–water (9:1) solvent medium containing hydrogen chloride and a low extraction temperature of 87 ± 2° for a short extraction time of 0.5 hour. Lignins so isolated included those: (a) under different initial acid concentrations of 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.7 equivalents of HCl/liter of solvent medium; (b) from successive extractions under increasing initial acid concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 equivalents/liter; and (c) from successive extractions under constant initial acid concentrations of 0.2 equivalent/liter.All the lignin fractions so isolated were studied with respect to their yield, methoxyl content, infrared absorption spectra, and the yields of vanillin and syringaldehyde obtained from them by oxidation using alkaline nitrobenzene.Evidence is presented in support of the non-homogeneity of the whole protolignin. This may be the result of the presence of possibly two basic types. One fraction, comprising around 70–85%, is most readily extracted, has a consistently high methoxyl content (ca. 21%), and is capable of being oxidized to give high yields of syringaldehyde and vanillin in a ratio close to 2.5:1. The second fraction is characterized by a greater difficulty of extraction, lower methoxyl content, and significantly lower yields of the aldehydes in a ratio closer to 1:1.
THE FIVE-COMPONENT SYSTEM: LITHIUM–SODIUM–POTASSIUM–SULPHATE–CHLORIDE–WATER, AT 25 °C
Authors: Campbell A. N. , Kartzmark E. M. , Hutton H. M.
Published: May 2006

The system consisting of the ions Li2++, Na2++, Ka2++, Cl2++, SO4++ and water at 25 °C has been investigated by the chemical analysis of the solutions and of the wet residues. In the solid model eight volumes were found where the following solid phases were in equilibrium with solution: Li2SO4.H2O, K2SO4, Na2SO4.10H2O, K3Na(SO4)2, KLiSO4, solid solution of Na2SO4 and Li2SO4, KCl, and NaCl. Anhydrous Na2SO4 was found to exist only as a surface in the solid diagram. Another volume, LiCl.H2O, was not obtained experimentally owing to its close proximity to the LiCl corner of the diagram.Five invariant points were discovered. No ternary salt was found to exist in the interior of the phase model at the temperature of this study, 25 °C.
INORGANIC SALTS DISSOLVED IN NON-AQUEOUS OR IN MIXED SOLVENTS: XIII. VISCOSITY STUDIES OF SnCl4.5H2O AND SnCl2.2H2O DISSOLVED SEPARATELY AND TOGETHER IN METHANOL – CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Authors: Maine P. A. D. de , Russell E. R.
Published: May 2006

Here is reported evidence from viscosity data for competitive, reversible complex formation between species of Sn(IV) or Sn(II) and Sn(IV) or methanol in methanol – carbon tetrachloride solutions of SnCl4.5H2O and SnCl2.2H2O. Empirical relations between the viscosity parameter and the salt or methanol concentrations are also reported.
CONDENSATION OF SPRUCE PERIODATE LIGNIN WITH FORMALDEHYDE
Authors: Eisenbraun Edgar , Purves C. B.
Published: May 2006

The use of 73% sulphuric acid at 41° for 1 hour or less caused the periodate lignin to condense with 32% by weight of formaldehyde, as shown by direct measurement and by employing C14-formaldehyde. Analyses of the product, however, suggested that the elements of water had been expelled during the condensation and that the true yield was about 120%. Up to 106% was recovered as material insoluble in dilute sulphuric acid (Ross–Potter lignin), and about 9% as a more soluble form. The approximate equivalence in weight of the Ross–Potter lignin to the original periodate (or Klason) lignin thus originated in the cancellation of three large errors. Formaldehyde periodate lignin failed to yield vanillin when oxidized in alkali with nitrobenzene or cupric hydroxide. Oxidation with alkaline potassium permanganate, or with iodic acid at not more than 200°, yielded benzenepentacarboxylic acid and perhaps mellitic acid (total, 3.9%) but none of the 1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid recovered (together with the pentacarboxylic acid) from similar oxidations of periodate lignin. Convenient semimicro-scale oxidations with cupric hydroxide and with iodic acid, and the chromatography of the benzene-penta- and -tetra-carboxylic acids on paper, were described.
AN ALTERNATIVE SYNTHESIS OF 5-O-METHYL-L-ARABINOSE
Authors: Siddiqui I. R. , Bishop C. T. , Adams G. A.
Published: May 2006

5-O-Methyl-L-arabinose has been synthesized by an unambiguous route in which O-benzyl groups were used to block positions 2 and 3 in the L-arabinose molecule. In addition to the usual indirect proofs of structure, a direct proof is described involving isolation of the product from periodate oxidation of the 5-O-methyl-L-arabinose. Two new derivatives, the phenylhydrazide and amide of 5-O-methyl-L-arabonic acid, were prepared.
THE REACTION OF NITROGEN ATOMS WITH OXYGEN ATOMS IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN MOLECULES
Authors: Mavroyannis C. , Winkler C. A.
Published: May 2006

The reaction has been studied in a fast-flow system by introducing nitric oxide in the gas stream with excess active nitrogen. The nitrogen atom consumption was determined by titrating active nitrogen with nitric oxide at different positions along the reaction tube. The rate constant is found to be k1 = 1.83(± 0.2) × 1015 cc2 mole−2 sec−1 at pressures of 3, 3.5, and 4 mm, and with an unheated reaction tube.The homogeneous and surface decay of nitrogen atoms involved in the above system were studied using the nitric oxide titration method, and the rate constants were found to be k3 = 1.04 ± 0.17 × 1016 cc2 mole−2 sec−1, and k4 = 2.5 ± 0.2 sec−1 (γ = 7.5 ± 0.6 × 10–5), respectively, over the range of pressures from 0.5 to 4 mm with an unheated reaction tube.