bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIONOMICS OF LACHESILLA NUBILIS (AARON) (CORRODENTIA, CAECILIIDAE)
Authors: Sommerman Kathryn M.
Published: January 2010

There are ten species of Lachesilla recorded from the United States. The following three have been found on corn (maize) during this work: L. nubilis (Aaron), L. pedicularia (Linné) and L. forcepata var. major Chapman, the first being the common species on corn around Urbana and Champaign, Ill.
AN UNUSUAL EGG LAYING SITE FOR THE TWO-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER
Authors: Fox W. B.
Published: January 2010

The two-striped grasshopper, Melanoplus bivittatus (Say), generally confines its egg laying to ditches, drift soil and crop margins, but during the autumn grasshopper egg survey in southern Saskatchewan in 1942, this species was observed ovipositing in exposed piles of wheat left in the grain fields at harvest time.
A NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDOHAZIS FROM WASHINGTON (LEPIDOPTERA, SATURNIIDAE)
Authors: Medlar W. P.
Published: January 2010

Male lappets vivid deep yellow. Dorsal and ventral sides of abdomen deep bright yellow with a narrow black band on the anterior margin of each segment. The appearance of the species is intermediate between eglanterina and hera, differing most conspicuously from these two in wing color. Primaries pale yellow faintly tinged with pink, but much less intense than in eglanterina. Secondaries brilliant yellow.
THE USE OF OLD POLISTES NESTS BY ODYNERUS FORMANINATUS AND ANCISTOCERUS FULVIPES FOR NESTING PURPOSES
Authors: Rau Phil
Published: January 2010

The discarded paper nests of Polistes wasps make excellent nesting places for other species of aculeate Hymenoptera, especially for those species that work in mud. I have already published accounts of such use of the nests by the wasp, Trypoxylon clavatum and the bee, Osmia lignaria. Both of these species clean out old Polistes cells and use them for their own young. With mud they partition the cell into small rooms, provide each with food and an egg, and finally seal the opening with a plug of mud.
THE GENUS CRESSOCHILUS BANKS (HYMENOPTERA, POMPILIDAE)
Authors: Bradley J. Chester
Published: January 2010

Banks distinguished Cressochilus from other genera by its having a somewhat acute marginal cell and the apical margin of the clypeus biconcave. In the females the biconcave margin of the clypeus may be very weakly indicated, but in the males it is usually stronger, there being often a well-marked median tooth.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF CUCULLIA ASTEROIDES GN.
Authors: Dethier V. G.
Published: January 2010

The conspicuously colored larva of Cucullia asteroides Gn. is commonly seen feeding on the flowers of autumn Compositae. Numerous descriptions of the color pattern of this species are recorded. To complete these, the setal arrangement and other distinguishing structural features are described below.
A NEW ARIZONA HYDRIOMENA
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Palpi moderately long, porrect with third joint slightly downcurved, pale creamy, clothed with closely appressed scales. Antennae thin, dark. Head and collar pale creamy with a black spot on collar behind each eye. Thorax whitish with a slight greenish tinge, the patagia heavily shaded with black at base. Abdomen light creamy-ochreous. Primaries with light greenish ground-color, sprinkled slightly with white in the basal and terminal areas and heavily shaded with this color in the postmedian band.
THREE NEW MITES OF THE SUBFAMILY RHIZOGLYPHINAE
Authors: Nesbitt H. H. J.
Published: January 2010

The subfamily Rhizoglyphinae is a group which was reclassified by the Russian Zoologist, A. A. Zakhvatkine, in 1937. As a result of his studies he became convinced that Oudemans' 1923-1932 classification of the Diacotricha was unstable and very artificial.
A NOTE ON THE PERIOD OF INCUBATION OF EGGS OF THE COCKROACH BLATTELLA GERMANICA L.
Authors: Rau Phil
Published: January 2010

I attempted in 1939 to gather data on the life history of this cockroach. I was carrying on similar work on the wood-roach, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica Deg. and the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L. However, B. germanica were so quick in their movements and escaped so easily, that I found it necessary, since my laboratory is in my home, to abandon the project. Some data were gathered, however, before the project was abandoned, on the period of incubation and the length of life of the immature roaches.
THE NYMPHS OF ENALLAGMA CLAUSUM MORSE AND E. BOREALE SELYS.
Authors: Walker E. M.
Published: January 2010

In the course of a limnological study of lakes of various salt concentrations in the Province of Saskatchewan, extending over a period of three years (1938-1940), Mr. J. E. Moore made extensive collections of aquatic organisms, among which was a considerable number of Odonata, both adults and nymphs. These were sent to the writer for determination and the records of such species as could be definitely identified were reported in our preliminary list of the Odonata of Saskatchewan (Walker '40).
OBSERVATIONS ON PARASITES OF SOME CANADIAN GRASSHOPPERS
Authors: Smith R. W.
Published: January 2010

An investigation of the parasites of the pest species of grasshoppers in Canada is now being carried out as a co-operative project between the Field Crop Investigations Unit of the Division of Entomology and the Parasite Laboratory of the Dominion Department of Agriculture.
A LIST OF HEMIPTERA TAKEN AT HUDSON HEIGHTS, QUEBEC.
Authors: Moore Geo. A.
Published: January 2010

The following is a list of Hemiptera taken at Hudson Heights, Quebec, during the seasons of 1941 and 1942 between June 7 and September 21. Hudson Heights is located on the Ottawa River approximately nine miles west of where that river meets the St. Lawrence River, and approximately 80 miles east of Ottawa.
NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDAE, DIPTERA), PART XX
Authors: Alexander Charles P.
Published: January 2010

The preceding part under this general title was published in 1943 (Can. Ent., 73: 139-145). In the present instalment I am describing new spccies of the genus Tipula received from various friends, as acknowledged throughout the text. The types of the novelties are preserved in my collection of these flies.
THE GRASSHOPPER OUTBREAK OF 1944 IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Buckell E. R.
Published: January 2010

During 1944 one of the worst and most widespread grasshopper outbreaks in the history of British Columbia was in progress. From the Bulkley and Nechako Valleys south through the cattle ranges of the Chilcotin, and over the whole of the southern interior and the Kootenays, grasshoppers were present in outbreak numbers. In some areas they had been more numerous in 1943 and were on the decline, while in other sections they were still on the increase, but everywhere they were present in damaging numbers.
THREE NEW WESTERN DOLICHOPODIDAE
Authors: Harmston F. C. , Knowlton G. F.
Published: January 2010

Three species of flies are here described as new. The material was collected in Utah, Idaho, and Colorado, with one specimen from South Dakota.

Argyra condomina n. sp.

Male. Length, 3.8 mm.; length of wing, 3.5 mm. Face silvery pollinose, short. leaving the lower corners of eyes sharply exposed, considerably narrowed on lower portion. Front and occiput heavily dusted with gray pollen.
NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDAE, DIPTERA), PART XXIV.
Authors: Alexander Charles P.
Published: January 2010

The preceding part under this title was published in 1945 (Can. Ent. 77: 1-6). In the present article I am describing various novelties from the western United States and Canada, received from different entomologists who are listed under the individual species and to whom my sincere thanks are extended. Except where indicated to the contrary, the types of the various novelties are preserved in my personal collection of these flies.
EXPERIMENTAL STARVATION OF FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE PALE WESTERN CUTWORM, AGROTIS ORTHOGONIA MORR.
Authors: Salt R. W. , Seamans H. L.
Published: January 2010

The pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr, has been a serious pest in the semi-arid prairies of Western Canada since 1911. Only recently, however, has an effective control been developed which can be used in the spring of the year of outbreak. Seamans (1938), after many years of field observations, published a non-technical bulletin dealing with a method of control by starving the small cutworms early in the spring.
FLIGHTS OF NYMPHALIS CALIFORNICA BDV. IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND ALBERTA IN 1945
Authors: Leech Hugh B.
Published: January 2010

The spiny caterpillars of this butterfly are known as defoliators of snowbrush, Ceanothus spp.; Essig says that during severe outbreaks they feed on other shrubs and on fruit trees and alfalfa. The following records of flights are of particular interest in that no reports of damage by the caterpillars were received during the season of 1945.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON COLEOPTERA TAKEN IN ESSEX COUNTY, ONTARIO
Authors: Hicks S. D.
Published: January 2010

The species of Coleoptera listed below have been collected since the publication of a previous list (1944, Canad. Ent., 76:163) of Essex County material.

Mr. W. J. Brown, Division of Entomology, Ottawa, has once more obliged by identifying most of the specimens. Identification of the Oberea and Tetraopes species was made by Mr. W. S. Fisher of the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, B. C.
DIFFERENCES IN THE LIFE HISTORY OF CODLING MOTH, CARPOCAPSA POMONELLA (L.), ATTACKING PEAR AND APPLE
Authors: Armstrong Thomas
Published: January 2010

For several years experiments on codling moth control have been carried on in a large old pear orchard near Beamsville in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario. This orchard comprises about nine acres of several varieties but predominantly Bartlett, and has been established for about 80 years. It is more or less isolated from other large pear or apple orchards.
NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN TACHINIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Reinhard H. J.
Published: January 2010

The new genera and species described below are based upon material collected largely in the western United States and Canada. The types represented by Canadian material, which was loaned for study through the courtesy of A. R. Brooks, are returned to the National Collection at Ottawa. Unless otherwise specified under the descriptions, the remainder of the type specimens are in my collection.
NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS: LARVAE OF THE GENUS EUPITHECIA (LEPIDOPTERA, GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: McGuffin W. C.
Published: January 2010

During the last seven years, larvae representing more than a dozen species of the genus Eupithecia have been received by the Forest Insect Survey of Canada. With the hope that some of these larvae may be recognized more readily, two species are described herewith; additional notes are given on three species already described, and a key for the separation of mature larvae of these five species is presented at the end of this article.
THE WORKER CASTE OF HARPAGOXENUS CANADENSIS SMITH (FORMICIDAE).
Authors: Gregg Robert E.
Published: January 2010

During the summers of 1941 and 1942, with the help of students, I collected in the vicinity of Duluth, Minnesota, some individuals of a species of ant recently described by Dr. M. R. Smith (1939), from Quebec, Canada. The original account of Harpagoxenus canadensis was based on the queen caste, an intermediate ergatoid female type, and a simple ergatoid female type, representing 12 specimens in all.
NEW AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES
Authors: Stallings Don B. , Turner J. R.
Published: January 2010

This giant race of the species freija Thun. was collected along the Alaska Military Highway in British Columbia. In size and wing shape this would appear to be a race of frigga Thun. rather than of freija, and we have no doubt but that those who depend on external characters only will insist that we are in error; nevertheless gentalic study leaves no doubt as to its true relationship with freija.
STUDIES ON PARASITES OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, ARCHIPS FUMIFERANA (Clem.): 2. Life History of Glypta fumiferanae (Viereck) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Brown N. R.
Published: January 2010

All stages of the spruce budworm parasite Glypta fumiferanae (Viereck) are described in this paper. Illustrations of all stages are presented.
SOME NEW CHRYSOMELIDAE, WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES) (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

In the following notes, two European species, one a pest of Lilium, are recorded for the first time from North America; an European pest that was introduced into the United States is recorded from Canadian localities; and a Mexican species not noted previously from the United States is recorded from Texas. The five forms described as new belong to difficult groups in which the species show strong monophagous tendencies.
A CANADIAN JAPYGID (THYSANURA)
Authors: Saunders L. G.
Published: January 2010

In 1941 Irvine Fox (Canad. Ent., 73:2) stated in an article on North American Japygidae that not a single species had been reported from Canada, and no subsequent record appears in the literature. It is therefore a privilege to be able to publish the first record of the occurrence of one of these interesting insects in Canada.
INFLUENCE OF OIL ON TOXICITY OF BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE
Authors: Morgan C V. G.
Published: January 2010

In 1946, a water-dispersible powder (formulation P. 530) containing 6% gamma benzene hexachloride and 50% goulac (lignin pitch) was tested in the field for control of black cherry aphid (Myzus cerasi (F.)), apple aphid (Aphis pomi Deg.), mealy plum aphid (Hyalopterus arundinis (F.)), wooly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.)) and pear psylla (Psylla pyricola Foerst.). The material was compared at 0.25 lb. gamma isomer per 100 gal. in (1) water alone, and (2) plus 0.5 gal. of either distillate oil (42. S.S.U. Vis. 100° F., 77% U.R.) or summer oil (60-64 S.S.U. Vis. 100° F., 78% U.R.). Three gallons of each mixture were applied by bucket pump and two trials were made, the first beginning July 10 and the second July 16. Results are given in Table 1.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON COLEOPTERA TAKEN IN ESSEX COUNTY AND SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Hicks S. D.
Published: January 2010

The following list of specimens is supplementary to two previously published articles (1944, Canad. Ent. 76:163 and 1945, Canad. Ent. 77:214) on Essex County material. Appended to the list are miscellaneous records of 17 species captured in Ontario locations other than Essex County. These have been added to this paper since they are thought to be of noteworthy interest. The species in each part follow as closely as possible C.W. Leng's Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico.
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE WASPS OF ALBERTA
Authors: Strickland E. H.
Published: January 2010

As a group, the wasps which inhabit the North American continent have not attracted very widespread interest, despite the excellent accounts of the habits of various species which have been published by such careful observers as the Raus, the Peckhams and other writers.

This, possibly, is due to the fact that relatively few of the numerous species appear to have a very direct relationship with insects that are consided to be of great economic importance. Exceptions to this general rule are found in such genera as Podalonia (Ammophila) and Sphex, which are conspicuous in their activities while hunting for cutworms and in, subsequently, dragging them to their subterranean nests.
STATUS OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII HTG. IN THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES
Authors: LeJeune R. R.
Published: January 2010

Extensive stands of young tamarack throughout the forested areas of the Prairie Provinces are currently menaced by the depredations of this serious defoliator. Owing to the importance of the insect, this paper was prepared with the object of: (1) reviewing briefly available information concerning the present outbreak in the Prairie Provinces, (2) clarifying some of the main issues frequently raised, and (3) describing the investigations in progress in the Prairie Region.
A PSITHERUS INSULARIS QUEEN IN A BOMBUS MIXTUS NEST
Authors: Leech Hugh B.
Published: January 2010

On June 2, 1946, I was digging into a compost heap, made of weeds and sods in 1945, and soon came upon a bumble bee's nest. It was in a clean and apparently unused mouse nest, eight inches from the surface of the pile, and entered by a tunnel opening on the northwest corner. There were seven cells, two of them empty.
THE NUMBER OF GASTRIC CAECA IN SOME LARVAL SCARABAEOIDEA
Authors: Rapp William F.
Published: January 2010

During an examination of the internal anatomy of several specimens of scarabaeid larvae it was found that the gastric caeca varied in number and shape with the species being examined.

Anatomically, gastric caeca are blind pounches varying in number and length and may occur on different parts of the ventriculus. Most commonly they occur at the anterior end surrounding the stomodaeal valve.
NOTES ON THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL FACTORS ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)
Authors: Wellington W. G. , Henson W. R.
Published: January 2010

The meteorological program of the Sault Ste. Marie Forest Insect Laborarory was inauguraced during 1946, with the establishment of stations at Sault Ste. Marie and Black Sturgeon Lake, for the study of the spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (vide Freeman, 1947) as its first subject. During 1946 and 1947, joint field and laboratory studies have been concerned primarily with the effects of evaporation, temperature, light and air currents upon the behaviour and activity of the insect. Recently, the work has been extended to include studies of the stages which can be dispersed by air currents and studies of certain aspects of the microclimates of the habitat.
THE DURRA STEM BORER Sesamia cretica Led. A NEW PROBLEM IN IMPORTED EUROPEAN BROOM CORN
Authors: Monro H. A. U.
Published: January 2010

Importations into North America of shipments of broom corn (Sorghum vugare var. technicum) have always been a source of anxiety to plant quarantine officials. It is well known that the European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis Hbn., was almost certainly introduced onto this continent in this commodity (22), a surmise which receives perennial support from the continued finding of this species in consignments from various parts of Europe. Broom corn is usually imported in bales weighing from 100 to 250 pounds each, (Figures 1 and 2) which contain both the brush and anything up to 12 inches of stalk necessary for the proper binding of the broom. It is interesting to note that in the country of origin, after the broom corn is harvested, it is dried and curcd and is then usually subected to the fumes of burning sulphur overnight in a closed room in order to bring about, through bleaching, a uniform yellowish colour desired in the trade. None of these treatments have any appreciable effect on the populations of living borers found in the stalks. In addition to insect pests which feed in or on broom corn as a normal host, other species may use the borings of the normal pests as sites of hibernation or pupation. Under some conditions, no doubt, stalks may be left lying in the field for some time prior to harvesting, and thus constitute a refuge for many potential pests.
RECORDS OF THE SPECIES OF NYSIUS OCCURRING IN THE DOMINION OF CANADA (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)
Authors: Barber H. G.
Published: January 2010

The author published recently a “Revision of the Genus Nysius in the United States and Canada.” In compiling the data pertaining to the distribution of the species in Canada much assistance was rendered by three entomologists: Mr. G. Stuart Walley, Entomologist of the Department ot the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa; Mr. George A. Moore of Montreal, Que. and Mr. J. F. Brimley of Wellington, Ont.
NOTES ON THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL FACTORS ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)
Authors: Wellington W. G. , Henson W. R.
Published: January 2010

Concerning the light reactions of the adults, it may be noted that males are photopositive when in a dark-adapted state, but they rapidly become adapted to any light intensity and become extremely sluggish. Females in the dark-adapted state exbihit either photonegative behaviour or compassing behaviour, with no evidence that there is any orderly transition from one type of behaviour to the other. Light-compass orientation of flying females makes it possible to collect some at light traps, despite their normally negative response.
NOTES ON THE MENOPONIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA. II.
Authors: Emerson K. C.
Published: January 2010

Machaerilaemus Harrison: Parasitology, VII, p. 389 (1915).

Machaerilaemus Harrison: Harrison, Parasitology, IX, p. 60 (1916)

Hirundoecus Ewing: Proc. U. S. N. M., LXXVII, Art. 20, p. 12 (1931).

Machaerilaemus Harrison: Bedford, 18th Rept. Dir. Vet. Serv. and Anim. Ind. Un. S. Africa, p. 377 (1932).

Hirundoecus Ewing: Bedford, ibid, p. 380.
THE MALE OF DIACHLORUS FERRUGATUS (FABR.) (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE)
Authors: Shewell G. E.
Published: January 2010

A male of Diachlorus ferrugatus (Fabr.) was recently captured at London, Ontario, by Mr. F. J. Hudson, an inspector for the Plant Protection Division, Science Service, of the Dominion Department of Agriculture. The specimen was taken during inspection of a case of Peperomia imported from the John's Nurseries, Apopka, Florida. As this seems to be the first recorded capture of this sex of the species, the following description of the specimen is offered. The Canadian National Collection contains two females, in poor condition, from Ellis Lake, Havelock, N.C., and these specimens together with Stone's description of the female have been utilized for purposes of comparison.
LOW TEMPERATURE AS A FACTOR IN THE MORTALITY OF EGGS OF MANTIS RELIGIOSA L.
Authors: Salt R. W. , James H. G.
Published: January 2010

In the district around Belleville, Ontario, the eggs of Mantis religiosa are deposited during the end of August and throughout September. Some embryonic growth occurs after the eggs are laid and before they enter diapause for the winter. Many of the eggs which have over-wintered, however, fail to continue their development so that the percentage of hatch in the following spring is often greatly reduced. This egg mortality varies from year to year. Records obtainrd between 1940 and 1946 by the dissection and incubation of current oothecae collected at the end of March have indicated mortalities ranging from 15.6 to 86.4 per cent. Such mortality has been generally attributed to low winter temperatures although there was also evidence that eggs could be exposed to a temperature as low as−20°C without injury.
THE USE OF DDT IN CUTWORM CONTROL
Authors: Handford R. H.
Published: January 2010

Seed growers at Grand Forks, B. C., on the suggestion of Henry Wiebe, Manager, Grand Forks Co-operative Growers' Exchange, used DDT as an emergency measure to control cutworms during the month of May, 1946, after supplies of bait ingredients had been exhausted in that district. The species involved were determined by K. M. King as Euxoa ochrogaster (Gn). with a few E. tessellata (Harr.) , and other related species.
THE SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL, SITONA CYLINDRICOLLIS FAHR.
Authors: Bird R. D.
Published: January 2010

Farmers in Manitoba and Saskatchewan have reported considerable losses of sweet clover from the attacks of a small, dark grey weevil, Sitona cylindricollis Fahr. This insect is widely distributed in central and southern Europe and occurs in Ireland, England, Germany and France. It is not known when it was first introduced to the North American continent. Brown (2) found it abundant in 1927 from Montreal, Que., to a point on the International Boundary near Hemmingford, Que., and the Canadian National Collection contains specimens taken at Hemmingford in 1924 and 1925. Brown also reports that this species, was very abundant in the Ottawa, Ont., district in 1928 and that he took it at Shediac, N. B., in 1939. Hyslop (6) wrote thal S. cylindricollis was first found in the United States in 1933 at Middlebury, Vt., and that it was collected at Storrs, Conn., Amherst, Mass., and on the New York side of Lake Champlain Valley. In 1935 Caesar (3) found it near Lindsay and Newmarket, Ont., where it war causing severe damage to sweet clover. It was first recorded in Manitoba in 1939 when a widespread infestation occurred. In 1940 it completely defoliated a field of sweet clover near Waldeck, Sask., and by 1943 it was abundant at Medicine Hat, Alta. Following this rapid spread through the continent it has shown periodic fluctuations. Severe damage occurred in Manitoba in 1939 and 1940. In 1941 and 1942 it was somewhat reduced, becomming severe again in 1943, 1944 and 1945.
THE BIOLOGY OFMELANICHNEUMON RUBICUNDUS(CRESS.) (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Wishart George
Published: January 2010

In a previous paper the writer slated that only two native parasites,Labrorychus prismaticus(Nort.) andAplomya caesar(Aldrich), regularly attack the European corn borer,Pyrausta nubilalis(Hubn.) in Canada.Melanichneumon rubicundus(Cress.) is occasionally reared from the corn borer in the Eastern United States and a few adults were received with some adults of the European parasitePhaeogenes nigridensWesm. A breeding stock was established with a view to possible future liberations in areas in Canada where it has not been recorded. It was found however, that whileM. rubicunduswill attack the corn borer in the laboratory it does so with such a degree of reluctance that it must be assumed that the attack in the field occurs only in the absence of more desirable hosts. In the laboratory this parasite attacksLoxostege sticticalis(L.) very readily and the data presented herewith are from material reared onLoxostege.
CAN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY BE AN EXACT SCIENCE?
Authors: Thompson W. R.
Published: January 2010

Whether Economic Entomology can be an exact science is, I think, a question in which we should all be interested. I propose therefore to examine it with the care that it deserves though I will try to make the discussion as brief as possible.

Broadlly speaking, the sciences can be divided into two classes: the speculative sciences, whose object is simply the discovery of truth: new facts or new laws; and the practical sciences, whose objest is the production of facts: causing something new to happen.
On the Taxonomic Status of the European Spruce Sawfly, Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.) (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae)
Authors: Forster Dr. E. W.
Published: January 2010

In a paper published during the war Reeks pointed out that the sawfly which has caused much damage in the forests of Canada for about twenty years is identical with Lophyrus hercyniae, described by Hartig in 1837. In the same work he proved that Hartig was correct in describing hercyniae as a species distinct from Lophyrus polytomus Htg. Enslin's view that the two species should be united under the name polytomus is quite wrong. Reeks has shown that important biological and anatomical differences exist between them. Benson erected the genus Gilpinia for the species polytomus and for allied species. Reeks was unable to examine the types of the two species, kept in the Hartig collection in Germany, and for that reason he sent to me some specimens of the “European spruce sawfly” from Canada, with the request that I compare them with the types in the Hartig collection. The results of my examination are as follows.
Nutritional Studies withBlattella germanica(L.) Reared Under Aseptic Conditions: III. Five Essential Amino Acids
Authors: House Howard L.
Published: January 2010

Amino acids, the main constituents of protein, are needed by animals for the synthesis of the new body tissue during growth and for the regeneration of old tissues in the adult. They take part in the formation of almost all substances in the body and perform an important function in many physiological processes. When these acids are not available to the animal in sufficient quantities, characteristic metabolic disturbances and pathological conditions result. Amino acids have a similar role in insect physiology and hence have an important bearing upon problems related to insect pathology, toxicology and ecology. Unfortunately, however, very few attempts have been made to investigate the importance of amino acids in the diet of insects.
Variation in Taxonomic Characters of Some Simuliidae (Diptera)
Authors: Davies D. M.
Published: January 2010

In examining a long series of several species of blackflies collected in Algonquin Park, Ontario, it was found that characters, often key characters, used in identifying adults as well as pupae showed variations from those described by previous authors.
Insects Attacking Cordia macrostachya (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. in the West Indies: I. Physonota alutacea Boh. (Coleoptera, Cassididae)
Authors: Simmonds F. J.
Published: January 2010

About the year 1890 the plant Cordia macrostachya (Jacq.) Roem. and Schult. was accidentally introduced into Mauritius with a consignment of sugarcanes from the West Indies. Later Cordia was spread artificially around the island in an effort to encourage the increase of Tiphia parallela Smith. This parasite was introduced into Mauritius as a possible control agent for the sugarcane root-grub, Clemora smithii (Arrow), and it was found that adult Scoliids fed at the inflorescences of Cordia. (Box 1928). Since that time Cordia has spread considerably and has become a serious pest in Mauritius (for details see Wiehe 1946).
New North American Larvaevorine Flies (Diptera, Larvaevoridae)
Authors: Brooks A. R.
Published: January 2010

During the course of revisional studies of the tribe Larvaevorini, a number of undescribed species were received from outside sources. Rather than delay the return of specimens, and on the chance that the final revision will not be published for some time, the descriptions of these new forms are given below.

Juriniopsis aurifrons new species

Until the present only one species of Juriniopsis, adusta Wulp. (floridensis Tns.) has been recognized from the United States. The new species, which ranges in Arizona, New Mexico and Utah differs from adusta Wulp. in the following characters: female front tarsus slender (widened and flattened in adusta); male vertex 0.35 head width (0.27 head width in adusta); parafrontals subshining yellowish with yellowish or brownish-yellow pollen (subshining bluish-grey with greyish or yellowish-grey pollen in adusta), and in the structure of the genitalia.
On the American Species of Lyperopherus Mots. (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

The following notes are based on the material in the Canadian National Collection and in the collections of the United States National Museum, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.

In all of the three American species of Lyperopherus, the flattened side margins of the pronotum are gradually widened posteriorly to include the outer of the basal impressions. All are flightless and have the elytra widest slightly behind the middle.
The Identity of Malacosoma fragile (Stretch) and M. lutescens (N. & D.) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Authors: Freeman T. N.
Published: January 2010

A species of tent caterpillar which occurs in the prairie region of Canada, from southern Manitoba west to the foot-hills of Alberta, and which often occurs as a pest on rose, cherry, and gooseberry has been referred to as Malacosoma fragilis (Stretch) (properly fragile). In 1881, Stretch described fragile from Virginia City, Nevada, and an examination of Stretch's type in the American Museum of Natural History showed that this species possesses a grey ground colour and in this respect is quite unlike the fawn-coloured species from the Canadian prairie.
A New Flightless Phaenopria (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)
Authors: Muesebeck C. F. W.
Published: January 2010

RecentIy I received from Dr. Clifford O. Berg a series of specimens of a diapriid reared from puparia of Sepedon fuscipennis Loew, a sciomyzid fly, the biology of which he has been investigating at Sodon Lake, Oakland County, Michigan. The species falls in Phaenopria as that genus is currently recognized, and it is apparently ancdescribed. At the suggestion of Dr. Berg, I am naming it in honor of Mr. Gustavus D. Pope, the owner of Sodon Lake which he has made available for research to the Cranbrook Institute of Science for a period of three years. Mr. Pope, who is a trustee of the Cranbrook Institute, has a serious interest in the research sponsored by that organization and has done a great deal to make it possible. It is, therefore, with particular pleasure that I dedicate this new species to him.
On the Identity of Agrilus anxius Gory and Some Allied Species (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Barter G. W. , Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

Agrilus anxius Gory has been reported as breeding in numerous species of birches and poplars. Because species of Agrilus are often poorly characterized morphologically, and usually restrict their feeding to one or to a few closely allied species of plants, it has been suspected that two species were confused. Barter, working in New Brunswick, noted that male specimens reared from, or artracted to, birches and poplars were separable allvays by characters of their genitalia. He found also the differences in biology which described below. Study of material in the Canadian National Collection and the U.S. National Museum shows that the genitalic characters hold in specimens associated with food-plants in other localities. Smith (1949, Nature 164: 237), working with material reared in New Brunswick, found that males and females from birches have 22 chromosomes, and those from poplars only 20. Thus it has been demonstrated that two species, one feeding on birches, the other on poplars, have been confused as Agrilus anxius.
Notes on Some Nearctopsyllinae, with Descriptions of Two New Species of Nearctopsylla from California (Siphonaptera)
Authors: Holland G. P. , Jameson E. W.
Published: January 2010

The genera Nearctopsylla Rothschild 1915, Corypsylla Fox 1908, and Corypsylloides Hubbard 1940, all apparently strictly Nearctic, comprise a natural group which is intimately associated with certain mammals of the Order Insectivora. A subfamily, Nearctopsyllinae, of the Hystrichopsyllidae, has recently been proposed (Holland, 1949: 102) to accommodate these three genera, which are well separated from other fleas on the basis of a number of well marked morphological characteristics.
Two New Species of Opius from Rose Hips (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Muesebeck C. F. W.
Published: January 2010

In the course of studies on the insects of rose hips Dr. W. V. Balduf, of the University of Illinois, reared and sent me for identification two species of Opius, both parasites of Rhagoletis alternata (Fall.). These are distinct from all described American species, and so far as I have been able to determine, they are different from all species of Opius known in Europe, where the host also occurs. Accordingty, both are described here as new.
Inseets Attacking Cordia macrostdchya (Jacq.) Roem. and Schult in the West Indies
Authors: Simmonds F. J.
Published: January 2010

This is the second of a series of papers dealing with the life-histories of a number of insects attacking the black sage, Cordia macrostachya, in the West Indies, where search is being made for suitable species to use in an attempt at the biological control of the weed in Mauritius (Simmonds 1949).

Schematiza, like Physonota alutacea, is a leaf-eating beetle, sometimes occurring in relatively large numbers on Cordia. It is very heavily parasitized in Trinidad, and as it appeared to be very suitable for introduction into Mauritius it was investigated in detail, both in the field and in the laboratory.
A New Record of a Flea Beetle, Chaetocnema sp., on Corn in British Columbia
Authors: Neilson C. L.
Published: January 2010

During the summer of 1949 an outbreak of flea beetles on both sweet and silage corn occurred at Armstrong, British Columbia. The first damage to the corn was noticed by the growers in early July, and by mid-August was so severe in some instances that the crop had to be cut for ensilage before the cobs were mature. The adult beetles confined their feeding to the leaves and cob husks, causing decided browning and drying out of these areas.
Description of Simulium euryadminiculum, a new species of blackfly (Simuliidae: Diptera)
Authors: Davies D. M.
Published: January 2010

In material collected from Costello creek in Algonquin Park, Ontario, 1,549 males, 598 females and 2 pupae of a new species of blackfly were encountered. This species was present in marerial which was collected daily during the spring and summer of the years 1938-1943 using a cubic yard screen cage placed over the stream.

This species began to emerge between May 7 and 23 in most years, but the total number of flies was smaller when emergence began by May 10 than when it began on May 17 or later. The only exception to this occurred in 1938 when emergence began earlier and continued over a much longer period than usual. The main portion of the emergence ended between May 10 and 29 although occasional flies emerged as late as June 18. None of the new species was collected in 1942. Association of males and females of the new species was possible as both sexes emerged during the same period and as other species, emerging at the same time, were readily identified in both sexes.
Wohlfahrtia (Diptera,Metopiidae) Myiasis of Mink in Alberta
Authors: Strickland E. H.
Published: January 2010

In nearly every year our attention is drawn to one or more cases of human myiasis in various places in Alberta. Unfortunately, in every instance where these have concerned infants, the larvae had already been removed and placed in alcohol. We have submitted a number of these larvae co Dr. E. M. Walker, at Toronto University for determination. He has not cared to commit himself by identifying first instar larvae but he classified all specimens which were in the 2nd or 3rd instar as species ofWohlfahrtia. He, further, suggested that they might bemeigeniiCoq. At the time when he identified them for us, it was believed that this species, though described from Europe, did occur in Western Canada.
A fluorescence study on swelling of hydrogels (PAAm) at various cross‐linker contents
Authors: Aktaş Demet Kaya , Evingür Gülşen Akin , Pekcan Önder
Published: January 2010

Disk‐shaped acrylamide (AAm) gels were prepared from AAm with various N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (Bis) contents as cross‐linker in the presence of ammonium persulfate as an initiator by free‐radical cross‐linking copolymerization in water. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) gels were dried before using for swelling experiments. Steady‐state fluorescence spectrometer was employed during the swelling of PAAm hydrogels in water. Pyranine was introduced as a fluorescence probe. Fluorescence intensity of pyranine from various Bis content gel samples was measured during in situ swelling process. It was observed that fluorescence intensity decreased as swelling has proceeded. Gravimetric and volumetric experiments were also performed. The Li–Tanaka equation was used to determine the swelling time constants, τc, and cooperative diffusion coefficients, Dc, from intensity, weight, and volume variations during the swelling processes. It was observed that swelling time constants, τc, increased and diffusion coefficients, Dc, decreased as the cross‐linker content was increased. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 28:215–223, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20163
Electrical and thermal properties of nylon 6/calcium carbonate composites
Authors: Moussa M. A. , Ghoneim A. M. , Hakim A. A. Abdel , Turky G. M.
Published: January 2010

Several polymer composites formed from nylon 6/CaCO3 with different ratios and particle sizes were prepared using modified and unmodified CaCO3 as inorganic filler. The modification of CaCO3 surfaces was carried out by adsorption of oleic acid from toluene. TGA and DSC measurements show that the glass transition temperatures reduced by the presence of inorganic filler, whereas the melting temperature did not influenced. In all prepared polymer composites, the presence of filler accelerates the degradation process of the polymer. Dielectric properties of the investigated samples were studied in the frequency range from 45 Hz to 1 MHz and at temperatures ranging between 50 and 200°C. The presence of CaCO3 led to a remarkable decrease in the conductivity of nylon 6. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 28:257–266, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20165
Measurement based modeling and control of bimodal particle size distribution in batch emulsion polymerization
Authors: Alamir Mazen , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , Othman Sami
Published: January 2010

In this article, a novel modeling approach is proposed for bimodal Particle Size Distribution (PSD) control in batch emulsion polymerization. The modeling approach is based on a behavioral model structure that captures the dynamics of PSD. The parameters of the resulting model can be easily identified using a limited number of experiments. The resulting model can then be incorporated in a simple learning scheme to produce a desired bimodal PSD while compensating for model mismatch and/or physical parameters variations using very simple updating rules. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Lipase covalently attached to multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an efficient catalyst in organic solvent
Authors: Ji Peijun , Tan Huishan , Xu Xin , Feng Wei
Published: January 2010

Lipase was covalently attached to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Structural changes of the lipase upon attachment onto MWNTs were analyzed through circular dichroism and FTIR spectroscopy. The conjugate was utilized for the resolution of a model compound (R,S)‐1‐phenyl ethanol, and the reaction medium was n‐heptane. The enzymatic resolutions were carried out at temperatures from 35 to 60°C. The results show that the lipase attached onto MWNTs has significantly affected the performance of the enzyme in terms of temperature dependence and resolution efficiency. The activity of MWNT–lipase was less temperature‐dependent compared with that of the native lipase. The resolution efficiency was much improved with MWNT–lipase. MWNT–lipase retained the selectivity of the native lipase for (R)‐1‐phenyl ethanol. The consecutive use of MWNT–lipase showed that MWNT–lipase had a good stability in the resolution of (R,S)‐1‐phenyl ethanol. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Particle size monitoring in dense suspension using ultrasound with an improved model accounting for low‐angle scattering
Authors: Shukla A. , Prakash A. , Rohani S.
Published: January 2010

The inherent ability of ultrasonic wave to propagate in dense and opaque suspensions makes it a desirable method for online measurement of particle size distribution in industrial operations. The ability of ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy to determine particle size distribution has been extended to dense suspensions of particles lying predominantly in the intermediate wave propagation regime at the measurement frequencies. This was achieved by accounting for the effect of detector size and shift in the frequency spectrum under dense conditions in the theoretical model and deconvolution algorithm, respectively. The proposed modifications enable the application of this technique in various industrial processes requiring in situ and real‐time measurement of particle size distribution such as crystallization, mineral processing and food processing. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Terminal settling velocity and drag coefficient of biofilm‐coated particles at high Reynolds numbers
Authors: Andalib Mehran , Zhu Jesse , Nakhla George
Published: January 2010

The drag force (Fd) on bio‐coated particles taken from two laboratory‐scale liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed bioreactors (LSCFBBR) was studied. The terminal velocities (ut) and Reynolds numbers (Ret) of particles observed were higher than reported in the literature. Literature equations for determining ut were found inadequate to predict drag coefficient (Cd) in Ret > 130. A new equation for determining Fd as an explicit function of terminal settling velocity was generated based on Archimedes numbers (Ar) of the biofilm‐coated particle. The proposed equation adequately predicted the terminal settling velocity of other literature data at lower Ret of less than 130, with an accuracy >85%. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Hematological predictors of increased severe anemia in Kenyan children coinfected with Plasmodium falciparum and HIV‐1
Authors: Davenport Gregory C. , Ouma Collins , Hittner James B. , Were Tom , Ouma Yamo , Ong'echa John M. , Perkins Douglas J.
Published: January 2010

Malaria and HIV‐1 are coendemic in many developing countries, with anemia being the most common pediatric hematological manifestation of each disease. Anemia is also one of the primary causes of mortality in children monoinfected with either malaria or HIV‐1. Although our previous results showed HIV‐1(+) children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria [Pf(+)] have more profound anemia, potential causes of severe anemia in coinfected children remain unknown. As such, children with P. falciparum malaria (aged 3–36 months, n = 542) from a holoendemic malaria transmission area of western Kenya were stratified into three groups: HIV‐1 negative [HIV‐1(−)/Pf(+)]; HIV‐1 exposed [HIV‐1(exp)/Pf(+)]; and HIV‐1 infected [HIV‐1(+)/Pf(+)]. Comprehensive clinical, parasitological, and hematological measures were determined upon enrollment. Univariate, correlational, and hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine differences among the groups and to define predictors of worsening anemia. HIV‐1(+)/Pf(+) children had significantly more malarial pigment‐containing neutrophils (PCN), monocytosis, increased severe anemia (Hb < 6.0 g/dL), and nearly 10‐fold greater mortality within 3 months of enrollment. Common causes of anemia in malaria‐infected children, such as increased parasitemia or reduced erythropoiesis, did not account for worsening anemia in the HIV‐1(+)/Pf(+) group nor did carriage of sickle cell trait or G6PD deficiency. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that more profound anemia was associated with elevated PCM, younger age, and increasing HIV‐1 status ([HIV‐1(−) → HIV‐1(exp) → HIV‐1(+)]. Thus, malaria/HIV‐1 coinfection is characterized by more profound anemia and increased mortality, with acquisition of monocytic pigment having the most detrimental impact on Hb levels. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.