bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wading bird foraging on a wetland landscape: a comparison of two strategies
Authors: Lee Hyo Won , DeAngelis Donald L. , Yurek Simeon , Tennenbaum Stephen
Published: May 2022

Tactile-feeding wading birds, such as wood storks and white ibises, require high densities of prey such as small fishes and crayfish to support themselves and their offspring during the breeding season. Prey availability in wetlands is often determined by seasonal hydrologic pulsing, such as in the subtropical Everglades, where spatial distributions of prey can vary through time, becoming heterogeneously clumped in patches, such as ponds or sloughs, as the wetland dries out. In this mathematical modeling study, we selected two possible foraging strategies to examine how they impact total energetic intake over a time scale of one day. In the first, wading birds sample prey patches without a priori knowledge of the patches' prey densities, moving from patch to patch, staying long enough to estimate the prey density, until they find one that meets a predetermined satisfactory threshold, and then staying there for a longer period. For this case, we solve for a wading bird's expected prey intake over the course of a day, given varying theoretical probability distributions of patch prey densities across the landscape. In the second strategy considered, it is assumed that the wading bird samples a given number of patches, and then uses memory to return to the highest quality patch. Our results show how total intake over a day is impacted by assumptions of the parameters governing the spatial distribution of prey among patches, which is a key source of parameter uncertainty in both natural and managed ecosystems. Perhaps surprisingly, the foraging strategy that uses a prey density threshold generally led to higher maximum potential prey intake than the strategy for using memory to return to the best patch sampled. These results will contribute to understanding the foraging of wading birds and to the management of wetlands.
DNA-binding protein prediction based on deep transfer learning
Authors: Yan Jun , Jiang Tengsheng , Liu Junkai , Lu Yaoyao , Guan Shixuan , Li Haiou , Wu Hongjie , Ding Yijie
Published: May 2022

The study of DNA binding proteins (DBPs) is of great importance in the biomedical field and plays a key role in this field. At present, many researchers are working on the prediction and detection of DBPs. Traditional DBP prediction mainly uses machine learning methods. Although these methods can obtain relatively high pre-diction accuracy, they consume large quantities of human effort and material resources. Transfer learning has certain advantages in dealing with such prediction problems. Therefore, in the present study, two features were extracted from a protein sequence, a transfer learning method was used, and two classical transfer learning algorithms were compared to transfer samples and construct data sets. In the final step, DBPs are detected by building a deep learning neural network model in a way that uses attention mechanisms.
Testing for Differences in Stochastic Network Structure
Authors: Auerbach Eric
Published: May 2022

How can one determine whether a treatment, such as the introduction of a social program or trade shock, alters agents' incentives to form links in a network? This paper proposes analogs of a two‐sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, widely used in the literature to test the null hypothesis of no treatment effects, for network data. It first specifies a testing problem in which the null hypothesis is that two networks are drawn from the same random graph model. It then describes two randomization tests based on the magnitude of the difference between the networks' adjacency matrices as measured by the 2 → 2 and ∞ → 1 operator norms. Power properties of the tests are examined analytically, in simulation, and through two real‐world applications. A key finding is that the test based on the ∞ → 1 norm can be much more powerful for the kinds of sparse and degree‐heterogeneous networks common in economics.
La relación entre la leche y la mortalidad en la infancia: un problema de salud pública en Chile (Santiago, 1930-1962)
Authors: Soto Lara José Julián , Chávez Zúñiga Pablo Sebastián
Published: May 2022

Este artículo analiza la relación entre la mortalidad en la infancia y el consumo de leche en la Provincia de Santiago durante 1930-1962. El proceso estudiado comienza con la Ley de Pasteurización que al higienizar la leche redujo las cifras de niños con enfermedades gastrointestinales y en efecto la mortalidad, y finaliza con la inauguración de los programas de distribución de leche. Se argumenta que la escasez y la higiene insuficiente de ese producto sumadas a las condiciones culturales y habitacionales que rodeaban a los niños son factores explicativos de la mortalidad alta de infantes, a la vez que reconoce en el Estado un promotor fundamental de políticas públicas para subsanar la catástrofe demográfica. La investigación, sustentada en periódicos, revistas médicas, tesis de titulación, anuarios estadísticos, y documentos gubernamentales, concluye que el conjunto de leyes, reglamentos y programas estatales produjo un conjunto de cambios entre los actores del Estado, reflejados en prácticas y discursos de aprobación y rechazo hacia la importancia de higienizar la leche que, en última instancia, no impidieron una disminución considerable de niños muertos por razones alimentarias.
Cambios en las coberturas del suelo en la costa NW de España: fuerzas tractoras e impacto en los servicios ecosistémicos
Authors: Ovejero Campos Aida , Fernández Emilio , Méndez Martínez Gonzalo
Published: May 2022

El aumento de la ocupación de zonas agrícolas, forestales y otras zonas seminaturales por asentamientos urbanos u otras superficies artificiales es motivo de preocupación mundial. La ocupación del suelo es generalmente más intensa en zonas litorales, las cuales a su vez son especialmente vulnerables. En este estudio se evaluaron los patrones de artificialización de la costa gallega (noroeste de España) utilizando el mapa de cobertura de suelo de alta resolución SIOSE. Se monitoreó la ocupación del suelo entre 2005 y 2014, se analizaron los cambios en los patrones de ocupación del suelo y se evaluaron sus impactos en los servicios ecosistémicos. La tasa de artificialización en los municipios costeros en ese periodo fue de 1,07 ha día-1, siendo particularmente intensa en los cuatro primeros años con un valor de 2,05 ha día-1. La ocupación del suelo se produjo principalmente en zonas forestales y seminaturales. En consecuencia, la potencialidad de los servicios ecosistémicos se vio afectada, en particular aquellos de aprovisionamiento que disminuyeron con una tasa anual del 0,35%.
También se analizó la relación entre las tasas de artificialización y variables demográficas y económicas, lo que resultó en correlaciones significativas diferentes entre la población, las nuevas edificaciones y la renta bruta disponible entre las zonas estudiadas.
Les vieux saints dans les églises romaines XVIe-XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Le Gall Jean-Marie
Published: May 2022

À partir des visites apostoliques réalisées entre 1625 et 1630 dans la plupart des églises romaines et de récits comme de guides de voyages, cet article constate le poids de la dévotion aux saints anciens dans la ville moderne, à travers les titulatures des églises, la mémoire des lieux, réactivées par la construction de confessions, ou les rares images sacrées de saints par rapport à la vierge. Les reliques sont le principal signe de leur présence et les lipsanothèques des églises romaines s’enrichissent de dons, de translations, opérées lors des découvertes dans les catacombes comme lors de travaux dans les églises alors en plein chantier. Il s’attache à définir leur présence différentielle selon la nature des églises, leurs emplacements dans ou sur certains autels comme dans les sacristies. Il analyse leur présentation par des listes pariétales ou des expositions temporaires sur des ambons. Il montre enfin que les visiteurs dessinent à travers leurs injonctions une politique qui oscille entre exigence de décence, de sécurisation, de conservation, d’identification et de visibilité des reliques.
Les fêtes des reliques dans les calendriers liturgiques diocésains de la France post-tridentine (1570-1680)
Authors: D’hour Thomas
Published: May 2022

Les fêtes de reliques inscrites dans les calendriers liturgiques sont des offices particuliers puisqu’ils ne célèbrent un saint qu’à travers un objet. Ce type de fêtes est encadré par la Congrégation des rites qui produit un corpus législatif. Néanmoins, on les retrouve dans l’ensemble des calendriers liturgiques diocésains français tout au long du XVIIe siècle. L’énoncé de ces offices prend plusieurs formes en utilisant un vocabulaire varié, lequel témoigne des diverses tribulations que les reliques ont connues. Si toutes les catégories de saints peuvent être vénérées par les reliques, on constate toutefois que les évêques sont les plus souvent célébrés, suivis par les martyrs. La possession et la célébration d’une relique participent enfin de l’identité du diocèse autour de quelques figures de saints. L’exemple d’Angers avec la dévotion des martyrs de la légion thébéenne montre ainsi la vitalité de ce type de culte par l’acquisition de reliques supplémentaires et l’inscription d’une nouvelle fête au calendrier, renforçant des célébrations déjà existantes.
Les vieux saints dans l’oratorio en Europe au temps de la réforme catholique
Authors: Davy-Rigaux Cécile , Teulade Anne
Published: May 2022

À travers l’examen d’un vaste corpus, repéré pour cette étude, de plus de trois cents œuvres assimilables à l’oratorio concernant cent dix saints identifiés comme saints des premiers temps, martyrs ou fondateurs du premier millénaire de l’ère chrétienne, il s’agit ici d’identifier, la popularité et la diffusion à travers l’Europe des figures des vieux saints au fil de la chronologie des deux siècles « baroques », et d’observer les occurrences religieuses et contextuelles de leurs apparitions ou célébrations ; enfin, on a tenté de repérer quelques constantes du genre pouvant être mises en lien avec de telles figures, à travers l’analyse du contenu de plusieurs livrets représentatifs. L’association entre ces figures des saints des premiers temps et le genre alors émergent de l’oratorio, ou plus généralement avec les mélodrames spirituels en musique, montre combien ce genre littéraire et musical, dont l’étude souligne les capacités d’adaptation à toutes sortes d’utilisations et d’utilisateurs, a pu constituer à la fois un outil particulièrement efficace et un miroir de la Contre-Réforme, par une contribution directe et en profondeur au dynamisme, au ressourcement et à la consolidation de la Tradition d’un monde catholique « en réforme ».
L’attore necessario: drammaturgia della santità e santità rappresentata
Authors: Majorana Bernadette
Published: May 2022

Tra ’500 e ’600, l’incremento dei soggetti agiografici per il teatro è l’esito delle coeve innovazioni canonico-pastorali della santità e di quelle della scena postumanistica. Si considera qui l’ambito italiano dei dilettanti dediti alla pratica recitativa, intesa come esercizio formativo e intrattenimento devoto. Il teatro è luogo di attrazione per i sensi, l’immaginazione, gli affetti e, nondimeno, di esperienze regolate : il teatro agiografico vuole far sì che l’esemplarità dell’azione scenica sia rielaborata individualmente da attori e spettatori. Si analizza in questo quadro il rapporto fra testo e rappresentazione mediante l’attore e, in particolare, quanto attestato da un documento diretto (1622), che ricostruisce aspetti della recitazione della tragedia S. Agatha del gesuita O. Scammacca, allestita da un gruppo di accademici. Ne emerge come l’attore sia il centro del progetto formativo e trasformativo assegnato al teatro edificante.
Santi antichi nella Sicilia moderna
Authors: Cabibbo Sara
Published: May 2022

Il saggio prende in esame la ricostruzione agiografica delle vite e dei culti degli antichi santi siciliani che si sviluppò nel Viceregno spagnolo tra Cinque e Settecento all’ombra delle relazioni fra la Chiesa di Roma e la monarchia degli Austrias, con l’aiuto dei criteri elaborati dalla « nuova scienza dei santi » e del prestigio assunto nell’isola dalla Compagnia del Gesù. Attraverso le vite degli uomini e delle donne che accolsero il primo cristianesimo e di quelli che furono martirizzati in età romana e nel corso delle dominazioni « demoniache », emerge un modello di santità che affonda le sue origini nell’agiografia italo-greca e nella sistematizzazione liturgica operata dai Normani. Il saggio mette inoltre a fuoco l’esistenza di due prospettive – quella pansicula e quella municipalistica – che orientarono la narrazione agiografica.
Analysis of Labor Reform During COVID-19
Authors: Luque González Arturo , Soledispa Ibarra Rosa Elizabeth , Popescu Cristina Raluca Gh.
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic declared at the beginning of 2020 affected all citizens to a greater or lesser extent. In addition to the health crisis, fundamental labor rights were also impacted by the same order of magnitude. In the case of Ecuador, the crisis was severe, and part of its labor system was subverted in favor of a new order based on economic precepts and investment guarantees. This study examined the depth and scope of relative historical changes in an attempt to establish the relationships between the various governments before, during, and after the COVID-19 crisis, matching their actions, on the one hand, and the consequences for society, on the other. The research analyzed how legislation, such as the organic law on the creation of opportunities, economic development, and social sustainability, altered labor rights that the Constitution of Ecuador is supposed to guarantee. There is clear evidence of a lack of a solid welfare state and a preponderance of economic rights precisely at a time when there was a need for protections for the most vulnerable sectors of the population.
Women Victims of Economic Violence
Authors: González Arturo Luque , Salvatierra Choez María Andreina , Macías Macías Karen Juliana , Macías Álava Frella Alejandra
Published: May 2022

This chapter analyzes the processes of economic violence as a social problem that is often hidden and accepted by women, families, or society in general. Consequently, it is a type of violence ignored by policy and little known by the public, especially in rural areas, where it has become normalized. There was a clear need to assess the impact of creating rural spaces for association that contribute to the improvement of the condition of women victims of economic violence. To this end, an interpretative and phenomenological approach to a life-story and case study was used to describe and analyze the present situation by means of in-depth interviews with three members of the Santa Marta Women's Association. The analysis shows the importance of providing the women of the association with economic tools that allow them to insulate themselves from any aggression of this type. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the associative sector as both a tool for specific circumstances and as a key element in public policy.
COVID-19 and Wine Tourism
Authors: Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Zaragoza-Saez Patrocinio , Martínez Falcó Javier , Sánchez-García Eduardo
Published: May 2022

Several studies have addressed the role played by the Spanish wine routes in boosting the competitiveness of a territory, increasing wine production, improving the quality of life of citizens, and respecting the environment. However, to the authors' knowledge, the impact of COVID-19 on these wine routes has not been addressed in the academic literature. To overcome this research gap, this chapter aims to analyze the impact of the pathogen on the supply and demand of tourism activities through, on the one hand, the analysis of the evolution of the institutions adhered to the Spanish wine routes and, on the other hand, the study of the economic impact of the 32 routes that make up this tourism product.
Scenario of Early Childhood Education in Rural India
Authors: Paul Pranjit Kr
Published: May 2022

SDG-4 is composed of seven outcome targets and three means of implementation, and early childhood education is one of them. It has been mentioned that by 2030, we should ensure that all children have access to quality early childhood upliftment, care, and pre-primary education so that children are prepared for primary education. Early childhood education aims at the overall development of a child's cognitive, social, and physical needs to a broader foundation for lifelong learning and wellbeing. Though India has taken some strategic policy to the development of early childhood education, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all the ongoing processes. In this context, the main objective of this chapter is to analyze the early childhood education status in rural India. The study also focused on the impact of mother's education in early childhood education. Due to COVID-19, the childhood education has affected a lot, and hence, the authors analyze the pandemic's impact on early childhood education in India.
The Organizational-Level Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility in Serbia in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Berber Nemanja , Aleksić Marko , Slavić Agneš , Strugar Jelača Maja
Published: May 2022

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), as a business concept that balances between economic, environmental, and social goals of a company, is usually seen as a good response to all mentioned challenges. Since the theory on CSR still does not prove an unambiguous conclusion on the role and importance of CSR for business success in developing economies, there is a need of investigating this concept and the level of its implementation. The main aim of this chapter is to investigate the concept of CSR, the level of its implementation, and the organizational-level predictors of CSR practice. The methodology is based on the analysis of the sample of 151 large private companies in Serbia. The authors used a specially designed questionnaire, based on the standardized ones, with respect to the context of Serbia, as a developing economy, in order to get responses on CSR. The single-respondent methodology was used, too. The data analysis is carried on in the SPSS program. The main conclusions, implications, and limitations of the research are given at the end of the chapter.
Relationship Between Governance Quality and Public Health in Light of COVID-19 Pandemic Control
Authors: Rabipour Sajedeh , Norouzi Nima
Published: May 2022

The World Bank defines good governance based on six indicators: accountability, political stability, government efficiency, quality of law and regulation, the rule of law, and corruption control. On the other hand, the ultimate goal is the development of human health and well-being. Given the importance of health in society, government investment in this area is recognized as one of the government's main tasks, and the lack or inadequacy in providing health services in any country is considered one of the weaknesses of governments. Therefore, examining the quality of governments in the health sector is of particular importance. This study also examines the effects of good governance on managing the severity of the COVID-19 crisis, considering the importance of public health, especially in control of the COVID-19 pandemic, using the new 2021 public health definition index. This study examines data from Southwest Asian countries from 2003 to 2021.
Green Human Resources and Its Implications on Green Organizational Social Responsibility and Organizational Green Image
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , López-Lemus Jorge Armando , Cota María Fernanda H.
Published: May 2022

This chapter aims to analyze the implications between the green human resources and green organizational social responsibility and organizational green image. It is assumed that green organizational image is determinant of organizational social responsibility and in turn on green competitive advantage based on the green human resources management. The method employed is the analytical and reflective sustaining on a review of theoretical and empirical literature. It is concluded that the environmental green human resources management is a critical factor of organizations to achieve broader objectives in green organizational social responsibility practices, relevant to building green image, improving green brand reputation and stakeholder's engagement, which determine a positive impact in growth, enhancing green competitiveness.
Internationalization and Intercultural Competence in Chinese Higher Education
Authors: Li Lin , Anderson David
Published: May 2022

This chapter aims to investigate undergraduate students' participation in internationalization activities at a Chinese regional university and the influences of internationalization on students' intercultural competence. The study is based on qualitative methods and reports on interviews with 10 participants from different disciplines and grades at the Chinese regional university. The findings indicate that levels of internationalization at the regional university varied between disciplines and among categories of activities and that interactions with foreign teachers and students were regarded as the most effective and direct way to improve intercultural competence. In addition, cross-border online exchange activities were also found to develop intercultural competence. Based on these findings, the design and implementation of more cross-border online exchange activities are recommended within the context of the pandemic.
Das Mónicas de Novas cartas portuguesas às Mónicas de Maria Teresa Horta.
Authors: Oliveira Andreia
Published: May 2022

Denunciando a situação das mulheres nos anos setenta do século XX, Novas cartas portuguesas explora o mito do amor trabalhando e transfigurando a figura de Mariana Alcoforado. Contudo, para além dos seus diferentes desdobramentos em Marias, Anas e outras Marianas, a obra foca igualmente Mónica, que surge em oito dos seus textos. Também na sua obra Maria Teresa Horta apresenta duas Mónicas, nos contos “Calor” e “Mónica”, que são igualmente convocados, centrando-se esta reflexão numa comparação que pretende estabelecer uma relação entre este universo de Mónicas presente tanto na obra de tripla autoria como no universo hortiano.
Imagens (hommo)sexuais proibidas em ficção curta traduzida em Portugal durante o Estado Novo e na República Popular da Hungria entre 1949 e 1974.
Authors: Gombár Zsófia
Published: May 2022

The article aims to compare literary translation production with respect to Anglophone homosexual-themed short stories in Portugal and Hungary, when both countries lived simultaneously under opposing dictatorial regimes. It also investigates the strategies adopted (or not) by the Portuguese and Hungarian publishers to evade censorship regarding same-sex representations in short fiction in English. The study complements the previous research findings on homosexual-themed long fiction (GOMBÁR 2017; GOMBÁR 2018).
João Pedro Vale e Nuno Alexandre Ferreira: “cruising” no reino do não-dito.
Authors: Marques Bruno
Published: May 2022

Centrando-se na exposição que João Pedro Vale e Nuno Alexandre Ferreira apresentaram em 2018 na Galeria Cristina Guerra (Lisboa), o presente artigo aborda as estratégias discursivas de repressão à identidade homossexual durante o período do Estado Novo. Analisando as obras exibidas e sua recepção crítica, recorremos à conceptualização foucaultiana em torno do panóptico e da estratégia arqueológica enquanto arquivo marginal (queer). À supressão oficial do termo “homossexual”, Vale e Ferreira respondem com a palavra inglesa “cruising”, a fim de podermos classificar um conjunto de práticas interditas que, em Portugal, ainda recentemente não podiam ser nomeadas.
Microbiology and outcome of pediatric orbital cellulitis in a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Saudi Arabia after the routine administration of Haemophilus influenzae Type B vaccine
Authors: Alsulaiman Hamad M. , Al-Faky Yasser
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the incidence of pediatric Haemophilus influenzae related orbital cellulitis after the routine administration of the H. influenzae vaccine in Saudi Arabia and to identify the most common pathogens, predisposing factors, related complications, and the need for surgical intervention.

METHODS:

A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with a discharge diagnosis of orbital cellulitis who presented to the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi children born between 2000 and 2016 were included.

RESULTS:

Thirty-one cases were included and 8 had positive cultures. No cases of H. influenzae were found. Of all the positive culture, the most common pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and group A Streptococcus in 3 cases (37.5%), 2 cases (25%) and 2 cases (25%). The most common predisposing factor was sinusitis in 90.3% of cases. Sixteen patients (51.6%) developed complications. Fifteen patients (48.3%) developed subperiosteal abscesses, 1 patient (3.22%) developed a lid abscess, 2 patients (6.45%) developed recurrent orbital cellulitis, and 1 patient (3.22%) developed persistent strabismus. Only 10 (31.25%) patients underwent surgical intervention during admission.

CONCLUSION:

The vaccine seems to be effective at eliminating the orbital cellulitis potentially related to H. influenzae. The most common current pathogens were Gram-positive Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. Sinusitis remains the most common cause of orbital cellulitis in children. In select cases, medical treatment can resolve the infections however, close observation is warranted.
Monteggia Fracture-Dislocation
Authors: Nagda Taral V. , Dhamele Jaideep
Published: May 2022

Monteggia fracture dislocation in children is not so common, interesting and often missed injury pattern in children. The article reviews the historical aspects, classifications and their importance, clinical and radiological aspects and principles of management of this injury. It also deals with management of late presenting Monteggia lesions and has some case examples to illustrate practical management of fresh injury and delayed cases.
Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus
Authors: Easwar T. R. , Stephen Manesh
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus is one of the most common fractures in children. Good results can be obtained in the majority of typical fracture patterns with proper and prompt care. In India, the delay in presentation is a key factor in treatment decision making. This could be due to poor awareness, prior treatment with native bone setters or other care providers.

Materials and Methods:

Typical Extension type Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus is reviewed here in this article with appropriate current evidence of care. Literature review of the delayed presenting ones and their results were also listed and discussed.

Conclusion:

It has been proven that good results can be obtained in cases with delay in presentation. This is especially important in the Indian scenario where some delay in presentation can be expected. Emergency reduction and fixation is not necessary unless there is a neurovascular compromise, Fixation patterns for the Gartland Type I to Type III are discussed. The Type IV pattern of fracture with inherent instability of reduction has to be watched for and appropriately stabilised. Radiological landmarks of Bauman's angle, Anterior Humeral Line, which determine whether reduction is satisfactory are discussed in the article.
Clinicomycological Profile of Pediatric Dermatophytoses
Authors: Ray Arunima , Singh Bhabani STP , Kar Bikash Ranjan
Published: May 2022

Background/Objectives:

There has been a recent explosion in the incidence of dermatophytic infections globally, especially in tropical countries including India. This increase is associated with a change in the clinical pattern and mycological profile with poor response to treatment, in adults and children. Limited studies in India have focused on pediatric dermatophytoses. Our study’s primary objective was to assess the clinicomycological profile of pediatric dermatophytosis in our region and secondarily to understand the association of lifestyle factors with poor response to treatment.

Methods:

This was an observational study including children ≤16 years of age, clinically diagnosed with tinea. Clinical and lifestyle data regarding site, affected surface area, duration of infection, previous treatment, possible sources of infection, overcrowding, and bathing practices were collected. Samples were collected for potassium hydroxide mount and fungal culture.

Results:

A total of 183 children participated in our study. The most common diagnosis was tinea corporis. Tinea cruris was more frequent in preadolescents, where males were more affected. Positive associations were seen between increased duration of infection, increased household infection, infection among playmates, irregular bathing, and use of steroid creams. The most common organism isolated was Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale (55.19%) followed by Trichophyton rubrum (14.75%).

Conclusions:

There is a change in the mycological profile of pediatric dermatophytosis with an increase in Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale infection. Important sources of infection in children must be identified in chronic and recurrent cases. Misinformed and ignorant use of steroid creams is an important reason for recurrent infection.
Dermlep Study Part 3
Authors: Rao P. Narasimha , Suneetha Sujai , Rathod Santoshdev P. , Narang Tarun , Dogra Sunil , Singal Archana , Gupta Sunilkumar , Vora Rita
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Presently the leprosy program has no defined surveillance protocols for patients who complete the fixed duration multidrug therapy and are released from treatment (RFT). Hence, the information about the post-RFT events in these patients is sparse and qualitative and quantitative data regarding their health care requirements is missing. During the DermLep survey carried out by the Indian Association of Dermatologists,Venereologists and Leprologists (IADVL), a number of patients presented to dermatologists during the post RFT period for a variety of symptoms. This paper analyses the events in these patients during the post RFT period.

Results:

Out of a total of 3701 leprosy patients who presented to 201 dermatologists across India during the DermLep survey, 708 (26.2%) were in the post RFT period (488 males; 220 females). Of these, 21% were PB and 79% MB patients as per their treatment records. Majority were in the age group of 31-59 years (55.5%); however, a significant proportion of them (20.7%) were elderly (>60 years). Majority of the patients (45.5%) presented within the first year of RFT with variable symptoms; 28% were between 1-5 years, 5.5% between 5-10 years; and 11.0% presented more than 10 years after RFT. Most common presenting complaint being persistent skin lesions as perceived by patients in 21.2%, followed by neuritis in 14.5%; trophic ulcers in 13.8%; deformities in 67 (11.8%); lepra reactions in 66 (11.6%); and recurrence of original symptoms in 6.7%.

Conclusion:

The DermLep Survey highlights the importance of ‘post RFT’ patients as an important subset of leprosy patients who visit dermatologists for various health related issues. The most common complaints in this subset were active/persistent skin lesions, lepra reactions and neuritis. In these patients, who are a sub-group of ‘persons affected with leprosy’ the disease related issues can persist for many years post RFT. Hence, it is important to provide services in the programme to monitor and manage these complications for the prevention of impairments, disability and the related social issues.
Dermatopathia Pigmentosa Reticularis with Addisonian Pigmentation
Authors: Maheshwari Apoorva , Garg Taru , Sanke Sarita
Published: May 2022

Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis is a rare ectodermal dysplasia with mottled pigmentation. Here we report a case of 15-year-old boy with variable (reticulate as well as diffuse) pigmentary disorder and adermatoglyphia.
Intraosseous Schwannoma of Tibia
Authors: Mardi Kavita , Vijayamohanan Lekshmi , Aggarwal Vineet , Kore Virajrao
Published: May 2022

Intraosseous schwannomas are rare and represent 0.2% of all bone tumors. Their occurrence in tibia is extremely rare and only five cases have been reported till date. We report an additional case of intraosseous schwannoma in right tibia of a 46-year-old female whose plain radiograph of right knee joint revealed an osteolytic expansile lesion with trabeculations in the proximal tibia. Magnetic resonance imaging study showed a well defined, lobulated mass in the anteromedial aspect of upper tibia. Histopathological examination of the excised specimen revealed schwannoma which was confirmed by positivity for S-100 on immunohistochemistry.
Clinical Assessment for Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability in Patients with Distal End Radius Fracture
Authors: Kakkar Vinay , Sancheti Mukesh
Published: May 2022

Background:

Distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability is an important cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain in distal radius fractures. By this study, it was tried to identify clinical factors associated with DRUJ instability in distal radius fractures.

Materials and Methods:

We prospectively reviewed all 87 patients who underwent surgery for unstable, unilateral distal radius fractures in a tertiary trauma center. Assessment of DRUJ instability was examined preoperatively, during surgery, and immediate postoperatively. Patients with clinical DRUJ instability were followed up at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, with clinical assessment of the DRUJ instability whether symptomatic or not.

Results:

Preoperative DRUJ instability was found in 23 patients as checked by the distal ulna ballottement test. Of these 23 patients, postoperative DRUJ instability was found in 9 patients and persisted as symptomatic DRUJ instability with ulnar-sided wrist pain till the last follow-up.

Conclusion:

Every distal radius fracture should be seen with the suspicion of associated DRUJ instability and the stability of DRUJ be thoroughly checked intraoperatively and postoperatively for better wrist function and better outcome after the union of distal radius fracture.
Management of Fibrous Dysplasia of the Femur Neck in a Child by PHILOS Stabilization, Curettage, and Bone Grafting
Authors: Agrawal Alok Chandra , Choudary Ranjeet , Nagaraju Venishetty , Sakale Harshal
Published: May 2022

Fibrous dysplasia has a considerable risk of pathological fractures particularly in proximal femur in younger age group. These are challenging to treat, especially in pediatric population. Several treatment modalities have been proposed, each having its own pros and cons. Attention should be given in pediatric population in choosing technique and selection of implants to preserve growth of the limb and to prevent implant prominence and soft tissue irritation. We are reporting a case of pathological neck of femur fracture secondary to fibrous dysplasia, in an 11-year-old obese boy, managed with curettage, iliac crest bone grafting and osteosynthesis with PHILOS plate (a plate routinely used in adults for humerus neck fractures). At 6 months follow-up, he shows a good consolidation of iliac crest graft at fracture site with stable implant and an excellent functional outcome in terms of pain and range of motion, without any radiological sign of recurrence.
Cervical Vertigo
Authors: Mukhopadyay Kiran Kumar , Raman Rajeev
Published: May 2022

Vertigo is a perception of movement either of the environment or of one’s own body, which may be of rotation or swaying. Vertigo or nonvestibular dizziness is one of the most common complaints of the patients, but there are a number of causes for that. Very few literatures are available on vertigo. The purpose of this article was to provide an overview and literature review.
A Rare Combination of Acromion and Coracoid Base Fracture
Authors: Dharmshaktu Ganesh Singh , Adhikari Navneet , Mourya Pankaj
Published: May 2022

The acromion and coracoid process fractures are uncommon injuries and may be missed in cases of bad quality radiographs or inappropriate patient positioning during radiography. The complex shoulder region anatomy calls for careful observation and clinical suspicion to rule out these injuries. Concomitant coracoid and acromion process fracture is a rare pattern of injury. We report a case of minimally displaced acromion process fracture with undisplaced fracture of base of the coracoid process. Conservative management was done and a satisfactory outcome was noted in the mean follow-up of 9 months on using the DASH score.
Stress levels among senior dental students in Saudi Arabia during fixed prosthodontics procedures
Authors: Rayyan Mohammad R. , El. Elagra Marwa , Alqahtani Alanoud M. , Alhomoud Shatha A. , Almutair Abdulmohsen M. , Bin Razin Khaled I. , Aldossary Mohammed F. , Alanazi Abdulhadi A.
Published: May 2022

Aims:

To investigate self-perceived stress level of senior dental students in Saudi Arabia during different fixed prosthodontics procedures. Also, to explore the possible stress-related factors during each procedure.

Settings and Design:

A structured, close-ended, and open-ended, anonymous questionnaire was distributed in a website format to senior dental students of 19 dental schools in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

Students were asked to rate the level of stress they feel during different fixed prosthodontics procedures on a scale from 0 to 10. They were also asked to rate the adequacy of their preclinical training in these procedures and how many times they have performed each of the procedures clinically.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics were presented in means, percentages, and standard deviation and inferential statistics were performed using One-way ANOVA, independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation.

Results:

About 423 students answered the questionnaire, in which 228 (54%) were females and 195 (46%) were males. Vital tooth preparation (5.27 ± 2.459) and pos space preparation (5.13 ± 2.766) were rated as the most stressful procedures (P < 0.05). Fear of error or mishaps was the most reported reason for stress during these two procedures. Pearson’s correlation showed significant but weak negative correlation between stress scores and number of times the student has performed the procedure (P < 0.05). Students who believe that they had adequate preclinical training reported significantly lower stress scores (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Self-perceived stress among dental students is related to the type of procedure they perform in the clinic and how frequent they have been exposed to it during their preclinical training.
Awareness level of deep vein thrombosis the general population living in the Western region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhomayani Faisal K. , Alsukhayri Doha A. , Alnemari Sara M. , Al-thubaiti Shahad W. , Alosaimi Miad M. , Alzahrani Khames T.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) contains deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It is a disabling circumstance with a high probability of recurrence and doubtlessly deadly. VTE is a significant public health issue affecting thousands of patients globally and is accountable for a high number of hospitalizations annually.

Methods:

A total of 1661 Saudis were surveyed in a cross-sectional observational study. A questionnaire that has already been designed was used to gather information about sociodemographic characters, knowledge about DVT, risk factors, symptoms, complications, relation to patient’s activity, the seriousness of DVT leading to death, and symptoms of PE.

Result:

Approximately 45.5% among participants had prior awareness of DVT. Overweight and long-term travel was the most well-known risk factors. Most of the participants (60%) were aware that DVT occurs when a patient spends most of their time in bed relaxing, the most frequent clinical manifestations were pain and discomfort (97.8%) and local leg pain (73.8%). 45.3% of the participants knew DVT can result in mortality, 36.4% knew more than one pulmonary embolism characteristic, 35%, and 12.6% were aware that post-coagulation syndrome and pulmonary embolism are problems. 12% had a better understanding of DVT and 79% had poor knowledge. Participants who were above 66 years had a university degree, worked in a health specialty, knew about DVT, and received such information from their studies as medical students had a much higher mean knowledge score on DVT than others.

Conclusion:

Poor knowledge necessitates community education programs about risk factors, signs and symptoms, and sequelae of DVT.
A rare case of misoprostol hypersensitivity
Authors: Das Rituparna , Panda Subrat , Sharma Nalini , Deb Prakash
Published: May 2022

Medical abortion using mifepristone-misoprostol regimen has been considered to be a safe and effective method for pregnancy termination. Misoprostol is a frequently used well tolerated drug with mild and transient side effects. Considering the safety profile mifepristone-misoprostol regimen has also been advocated by many for home-based medical abortion. However, we report herein a rare case of hypersensitivity reaction to sublingual misoprostol administered for first trimester medical abortion, where timely diagnosis and prompt intervention prevented life-threatening airway obstruction. The possibility of such rare event should be kept in mind and included in patient counselling and information especially for those who opt for outpatient abortion care so that they can seek medical help at the earliest.
Effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcome
Authors: Kumari Archana , Anand Shikha , Vidyarthi Anubha
Published: May 2022

Aim:

This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcome of pregnancies complicated with COVID-19 infection.

Methods:

This is a retrospective, single center, observational study conducted on all COVID-19 positive pregnant women who were admitted in our institution from 1st April 2020 to 30th November 2020. During the study period, a total of 201 pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 infection confirmed by RT-PCR test, regardless of their symptoms, were admitted and included in the study. Data were collected from hospital records about the demographic profile, clinical characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Results:

The mean age was 26 years (SD = 5.21). Majority patients (71.6%) were asymptomatic and 22.3% had mild symptoms. Only 4 (1.99%) women had severe COVID pneumonia. Majority (75.62%) were admitted in 3rd trimester. Cesarean section rate in COVID-19 infected pregnant women was 53.8%, which was almost similar to 52.8% rate in COVID-19 negative pregnant population. Incidence of preterm birth was 11%. Most neonate were asymptomatic and only 2 of them tested positive on testing within 48 h of birth.

Conclusion:

There is no major effect of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcome. The incidence of preterm birth and cesarean section is similar to COVID-19 negative pregnant population.
Prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among antenatal women in rural Kozhikode, Kerala
Authors: Nair Meera S. , Raphael Lucy , Chandran Priya
Published: May 2022

Context:

Anemia in pregnancy is a significant public health concern with detrimental aftereffects on maternal and fetal well-being universally, especially in developing countries like India.

Aims:

To estimate the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in rural areas of Kozhikode by hemoglobin estimation and to study the selected factors associated with anemia.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 295 antenatal women in all three trimesters residing in six selected panchayats of Kozhikode district from July 2016 to March 2017.

Materials and Methods:

The cluster sampling method was followed. Data were obtained from antenatal women, applying a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin estimation was done using the Humacount 30TS automated hematology analyzer.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software.

Results:

The prevalence of anemia was 40%. Of this, 30.5% had mild anemia and 9.5% had moderate anemia. There were no cases of severe anemia. The prevalence was more in the second trimester. Factors such as excess menstrual blood loss prior to present pregnancy, early age at first delivery, trimester, and parity were found to be significantly associated with anemia.

Conclusion:

Anemia continues to be a serious public health problem. Health system should pay more attention on different factors that contribute to anemia, and planners should formulate an apt policy and implement necessary changes in existing programs.
Comparative study to assess efficacy and safety of brinzolamide1% and timolol0.5% fixed combination eye drops versus dorzolamide2% and timolol0.5% fixed combination eye drops in management of open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Agarwal Prerana , Tayal Suryadev , Gautum Ankur
Published: May 2022

Aim and Objective:

To compare the efficacy and safety of brinzolamide1% and timolol0.5% fixed combination eye drops versus dorzolamide2% and timolol0.5% fixed combination eye drops in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma

Design:

Prospective, randomized, comparative, interventional study

Setting:

Tertiary eye care centre.

Material and Method:

The present study was a comparative study carried out on patients visiting OPD of Ophthalmology Department and diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma. Group 1 (n-30 BT) received brinzolamide1% and timolol0.5% fixed combination eye drops, and Group 2 (N-30 DT) patients received dorzolamide2% and timolol0.5% fixed combination eye drops. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed, including Goldmann applanation tonometry. IOP was measured twice daily (9 AM and 4 PM). The patients were evaluated at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. IOP was measured at follow-up. Side effects and tolerability of both drugs were assessed, and patient preference for drugs was noted

Results:

Mean reduction in morning IOP was significantly more in Group 1 than in Group 2 at 8 weeks and 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Mean reduction in evening IOP was significantly more in Group 1 than in Group 2 at all follow-ups (p < 0.05)

Conclusion:

Brinzolamide1% + timolol0.5% fixed drug combination is more preferred and effective in lowering IOP than dorzolamide2% + timolol0.5% fixed drug combination in patients of primary open-angle glaucoma.
Is COVID-19 mortality associated with test number?
Authors: Iwata Kentaro , Miyakoshi Chisato
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

With the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is an argument on whether we should increase the number of testing for the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) to mitigate the epidemic in a given country. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between testing number and mortality to evaluate the hypothesis.

Methods:

Data on an open-access database of COVID-19 was retrieved. Member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), BRICs nations (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), and Taiwan were included in the analysis, but 2 countries were removed as outliers.

Results:

There was a weak, positive correlation between mortality and testing (r = 0.34, P = 0.03). On regression analysis, there was a positive slope but the coefficient was very small (0.00064).

Conclusions:

We found a very small positive correlation between testing number and mortality for COVID-19.