bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of different fixation methods on the fracture force of osteoporotic human lumbar vertebral bodies in the generation of vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Kraxenberger Michael , Dreu Manuel , Sadoghi Patrick , Birkenmaier Christof , Teske Wolfram , von Schulze Pellengahr Christoph , Büttner Andreas , Wegener Bernd
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: The use of fresh-frozen (FF) specimens represents the gold standard for biomechanical investigations. Since FF specimens are often difficult to obtain, chemical-fixed specimens (formalin (FA), Thiel (TH)) are also used. OBJECTIVE: Since fixation methods can alter the mechanical properties of bone tissue, the purpose of this study was to examine their influence on the fracture force of lumbar vertebral bodies (VB). METHODS: First the VB were subdivided into three focus groups: FF, TH, and FA. After removing the soft tissue and the processus transverses of all VB, the endplates were planned with a thin layer of epoxy resin, in order to apply a constant strain to the surface and sub-surface. The VB were subjected to axial compression tests in order to determine fracture force. Lastly a standardized compression fracture was generated. RESULTS: The mean values of the fracture force of the focus groups were 4529.5 N (FF), 3211.3N (TH) and 2947.9N (FA). Consequently a significant difference between the FF and the other two groups could be demonstrated (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The preliminary tests showed that the fraction force of fresh-frozen VB were significantly higher than TH/FA-fixed VB. Therefore, these fixation methods could potentially have an influence on the biomechanical properties of VB. This leads to the assumption that if load-to-failure tests are performed, it is probably recommended to use fresh-frozen specimens.
Balance performance when responding to visual stimuli in patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Authors: Lin Sang-I , Tsai Yi-Ju , Lee Pei-Yun
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) often report a sensation of disequilibrium before treatment with the canalith repositioning maneuvers. Apart from vestibular information, visual input also contributes to balance control. How visual stimuli influence balance control in BPPV patients is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of visual stimuli on balance performance in BPPV patients. METHODS: Three groups of participants, patients with BPPV, and healthy young and older adults, were instructed to stand under three conditions: 1) eyes open (EO); 2) while watching a static picture via a video display; and 3) while watching a rotating visual scene. Antero-posterior (AP), lateral (ML), and total sway path during standing were analyzed. RESULTS: In all conditions, patients with BPPV showed significantly larger AP, ML and total sway path than young, whereas older adults only showed significantly larger AP and total sway path than young adults. During the visual stimuli, all participants exhibited significantly increased AP and total sway while watching a static image and a moving scene as compared with the EO condition. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BPPV have similar balance control to older adults, but poorer balance control than young adults. The reduced lack of standing balance control in the coronal plane of patients with BPPV, might affect balance strategy after external perturbations.
Image inspired Chinese couplet generation
Authors: Yuan Shengqiong , Zhong Luo , Li Lin
Published: September 2020

Chinese couplets, as one of the traditional Chinese culture, is the treasure of Chinese civilization and the inheritance of Chinese history. Given a sentence (namely an antecedent clause), people reply with another sentence (namely a subsequent clause) equal in length. Because of the complexity of the semantic and grammatical rules of couplet, it is not easy to create a suitable couplet that meets the requirements of sentence pattern, context, and flatness. With the development of neural models and natural language processing, automatic generation of Chinese couplets has drawn significant attention due to its artistic and cultural value, most of these works mainly focus on generating couplet by given text information, while visual inspirations for couplet generation have been rarely explored. In this paper, we design a Chinese couplet generation model based on NIC (Neural Image Caption), which can compose a piece of couplet suitable to the artistic conception in an image. At first, we use the improved VGG16 model to predict the input image. The content of the image can be automatically recognized and the corresponding description are generated and translated into Chinese keywords. Then, the encoder-decoder framework is used repeatedly to process these keywords, and finally the couplet can be generated. Moreover, to satisfy special characteristics of couplets, we incorporate the attention mechanism into the encoding-decoding process, which greatly improves the accuracy of couplets generated automatically.
Let’s get back to work: Preventive biological cycle management of COVID-19 in the workplace
Authors: Jahangiri Mehdi , Cousins Rosanna , Gharibi Vahid
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: The primary response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been to minimize social contact through lockdown measures. The closure of non-essential businesses to tackle the spread of the coronavirus has had negative consequences for the global economy, production, and employment. OBJECTIVE: To outline how known occupational health principles can be used for preventative management of the coronavirus in workplaces to support resumption of work. METHODS: A discussion of current knowledge of COVID-19, the cost of the lockdown strategy, and preventative biological cycle management. RESULTS: The evidence-based literature indicates that biological cycle management can control the risk of coronavirus infection, provide a suitable and sufficient exit strategy from lockdown, and support getting employees back to work. Adherence to personal protective equipment standards has been insufficient, indicating a need for workplace investment and education. CONCLUSION: Imposed restrictions on workplace operations can be lifted without compromising worker health and safety when a workplace commits to practicing the three principles of biological cycle management.
Rising incidence of musculoskeletal discomfort in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Memari Amirhossein , Shariat Ardalan , Anastasio Albert Thomas
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the shutdown of much of the world’s economic and social operations. Given shutdown of exercise facilities, there has been a sharp uptick in a sedentary lifestyle. As people have lost their normal daily activity patterns, it is reasonable to assume that musculoskeletal pain-related syndromes will consequently begin to increase. In addition, there has been a rise in social network, television, and online home-based workouts. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear whether previous recommendations for physical activities will remain sufficient, given cessation of normal physical activities from day-to-day life. We raise a variety of questions in dealing with the potential fallout of the COVID-19 shutdown from a musculoskeletal standpoint.
Understanding sickness absence in nurses and personal support workers: Insights from frontline staff and key informants in Northeastern Ontario
Authors: Gohar Basem , Larivière Michel , Lightfoot Nancy , Wenghofer Elizabeth , Larivière Céline , Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Nurses and personal support workers (PSWs) have high sickness absence rates in Canada. Whilst the evidence-based literature helped to identify the variables related to sickness absenteeism, understanding “why” remains unknown. This information could benefit the healthcare sector in northeastern Ontario and in locations where healthcare is one of the largest employment sectors and where nursing staff have high absence and turnover rates. OBJECTIVE: To identify and understand the factors associated with sickness absence among nurses and PSWs through several experiences while investigating if there are northern-related reasons to explain the high rates of sickness absence. METHODS: In this descriptive qualitative study, focus group sessions took place with registered nurses (n = 6), registered practical nurses (n = 4), PSWs (n = 8), and key informants who specialize in occupational health and nursing unions (n = 5). Focus group sessions were transcribed verbatim followed by inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four main themes emerged, which were occupational/organizational challenges, physical health, emotional toll on mental well-being, and northern-related challenges. Descriptions of why such factors lead to sickness absence were addressed with staff shortage serving as an underlying factor. CONCLUSION: Despite the complexity of the manifestations of sickness absence, work support and timely debriefing could reduce sickness absence and by extension, staff shortage.
Estimating technical efficiencies of Indian IT companies for setting improvement targets for inefficient companies: An empirical analysis with workers’ effort as key input
Authors: Goyal Sumit , Sah Ash Narayan , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Puri Jolly
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: The Information Technology (IT) industry of India has proved its capabilities in delivering both on- and off-shore services to clients globally over the years. However, the technological advances and innovations taking place at the global level not only present a whole new range of growth prospects, but also challenges for this highly competitive industry. Moreover, the IT sector of India also witnessed the economic recession in 2008, which had an adverse impact on the prospects of this industry. In this scenario, it is imperative for Indian IT companies not only to maintain their focus on increasing their technical efficiencies, but also to deal with the increased competition emanating from the Asia Pacific region. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the relative efficiency of the top 18 selected Indian IT software service companies in order to determine benchmarks, output slacks and target settings. METHODS: Data envelopment analysis has been used for achieving the stated objective. RESULTS: The paper found mixed trends in efficiency. The top five IT companies exhibited higher efficiency as compared to the rest of the selected IT companies. Tata Consultancy Services, HCL Technologies Ltd. and Tech Mahindra Ltd. are more efficient while Infosys Ltd. and Mphasis have lower efficiency. CONCLUSION: The inefficient companies have to increase their workers’ productivity to become more efficient, and have to catch-up and follow the best practices of the benchmark company HCL.
Ergonomics in design and design in ergonomics: Issues and experience in education
Authors: Safin Stéphane , Pintus Pinky , Elsen Catherine
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Articulating design and ergonomics skills through education is a major challenge for both fields. Indeed, professional ergonomists are increasingly deeply involved in design processes, and ergonomics education should train them in design skills. As courses in ergonomics education are often time-constrained, it is difficult to mobilize students in real-scale projects and to involve them in design processes. Conversely, activity analysis and active involvement of users in design projects (through co-creation or co-design processes) are rarely convened in architecture and design curricula. OBJECTIVE: It is therefore necessary to develop effective and relevant pedagogical settings, enabling students of both fields to develop their abilities and equip them to act in concrete design situations. METHODS: In this paper, we describe a large-scale pedagogical setting involving groups of students from different disciplines gathered around a real-scale design project (re-shaping the waiting room of a mental health center). The ergonomics students’ main task is to analyze the needs and real activities of end-users; the interior design students’ task is to produce the design project. This communication more precisely focuses on describing the ergonomics students’ fieldwork and the practical and pedagogical innovations put in place to help them face the various challenges encountered during the project. RESULTS: Based on formal feedback from students, teachers and stakeholders, we address three main challenges: (1) dealing with the temporal constraints of the intervention, (2) documenting and observing a sensitive situation and (3) involving end-users to place them at the core of the design process. For each challenge, we describe the issue at stake, the work conducted to deal with this issue, and eventually the feedback collected from students, teachers and stakeholders. CONCLUSION: The paper concludes with an analysis of success and failure factors for such pedagogical settings, in particular for physical enquiry devices, co-creation processes, and co-constructed pedagogical settings. It shows the impact of these settings for students, but highlight that collaboration between ergonomists and designers is a key issue for learning in a positive experience.
Future L2 Selves of Pakistani Learners of English: A Qualitative Perspective
Authors: Islam Muhammad , Lodhi Ahmad Sohail , Khan Abdul Majid
Published: September 2020

This study focuses on exploring various aspects of future L2 selves of Pakistani undergraduate students, which may be the critical components of their L2 motivation. It will also explain the socio-contextual factors which may be essential to shape the Future L2 selves of these Pakistani students. Qualitative method, based on semi-structured interviews as the tool, was used to collect data about the detailed visions of participants' future L2 selves. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed strong motivational influences of future L2 selves on the participants. The presence of bright and plausible ideal selves among the participants was a crucial motivational indicator strengthened by the existence of accompanying action plans to achieve them. The participants also seemed to possess strong ought-to selves wrapped in their future responsibilities, fears of career, social status, personal image, and expectations of significant others. A strong connection between participants' Ideal and Ought-to L2 selves implies their deep internalization of the belief that English is essential to realize their future career dreams and reduce their fears of failure.
Multimodal Historiography in Spiegelman’s Maus and MetaMaus
Authors: Sahar Naila
Published: September 2020

Art Spiegelman’s act of writing (and drawing) Maus is an act of breaking silences. It’s an act of reinterpreting and reconstructing history. By collecting personal memories of his father, Spiegelman recovers, commemorates and recollects the collective heritage of a trauma in a society, where denial and erasure are primary tools of historiography.
Determining the Kurdistan parliament’s election constituencies Between indvidual and multiple constituencies Comparative analytical study
Authors: Zangna Esmael Najmadin
Published: September 2020

یەکبازنەیی هەڵبژاردن پەیڕەوکراوە بە درێژایی ئەو پێنج خولەی هەڵبژاردن بۆ پەرلەمانی کوردستان ئەنجامدراوە، و ئەم جۆرە دیاریکردنە بەکەمی جێبەجێدەکرێت لەلایەن سیستێمەکانی هەڵبژاردنی وڵاتانی جیهانەوە، تا ئەو ڕادەیەی بە ئاوارتە دادەنرێت لە ڕێسای گشتی کە فرەبازنەیی هەڵبژاردنە.
Legislative deficiency In formulating the moral element of crime
Authors: Issa Hussein AbdAli
Published: September 2020

يتعلق البحث بتحليل عدد من مواد قانون العقوبات العراقي رقم 111 لسنة 1969 لبيان القصور التشريعي في صياغة أحكام الركن المعنوي للجريمة، وذلك لغرض تطويرها ، من خلال توضيح أوجه القصور التشريعي فيها وتقديم التوصيات المناسبة لمعالجتها.

ويتوزع البحث على مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة. يوضح المبحث الأول القصور التشريعي في صياغة الركن المعنوي للجريمة في الإطار المفاهيمي، ويبيّن المبحث الثاني القصور التشريعي في صياغة الركن المعنوي للجريمة في نطاق تحميل المسؤولية الجزائية. وأدرجت في الخاتمة أهم الاستنتاجات والتوصيات المتوصل إليها في مساره.
Criticism of the hadith in the current western centre a fundamentalist and analytical study
Authors: Mohammed Agha Baba Awat , Abdulmunem Samra Ihsan
Published: September 2020

يتعلق هذا البحث بموضوع نقد الحديث في المراكز التغريبية الراهنة، ومن ينتسب إلى هذه المراكز انتسابا مباشرا كالمستشرقين، أو من خلال أقلام العلمانين، أو من خلال من هو غافل أو مخدوع عن دوافع وأغراض هذه المراكز في نقد الحديث، حيث يستغل تلك المراكز جهودهم مجانية، أو بالمقابل خاصة جهود الذين يدعون إلى الاكتفاء بالقرءان الكريم. وقد تناول البحث تعريف النقد والمتن، وتعريف الحديث عند المراكز التغريبية، وأيضًا بيان أهم القواعد والموازين التي من خلالها تنتقد ما ينسب للنبي عليه السلام. وتناول أيضا بواعث نقد الحديث عندهم. وقد استخدم المنهج الوصفي وذلك بوصف نقد الحديث ووصف القواعد والموازين التي ينتقد على أساسها الحديث. وكذلك المنهج الاستقرائي وذلك بتتبع كتبهم والاستشهاد بآرائهم حول السنة، وكذلك المنهج التحليلي وذلك بتحليل ما أورودوه من أدلة لتعزيز آرائهم حول الحديث ونقده. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: أن بواعث نقد الحديث هو هدم الإسلام، أو إيجاد فراغ تشريعي فيها من خلال سلخ القرءان من السنة المبينة له. وقواعدهم في نقد الحديث مبني على المغالطة والتدليس، والتحريف وإخفاء ما يتعارض مع ما يشتهونه. مخالفة جميع الضوابط الأصولية في التعامل مع النص. وقد توصلت الدراسة أيضا إلى ضرورة وضع حد لمن يقحم نفسه في نقد الحديث وذلك بعدم فتح الباب على مصراعيه في المراكز العلمية الإسلامية لكل من هب ودب ليدلي بدلوه في نقد الأحاديث ووضع قواعد وموازين لقبوله أو رده بناء على ما يشتهيه، وإنما يقتصر ذلك على الثقاة العدول من المؤهلين لفن نقد الحديث ولديهم الملكة النقدية والبصيرة والفهم الثاقب بكل ما يتعلق بالحديث وعلومه حسب الضوابط الأصولية في التعامل مع النص. ويتكون البحث من ثلاثة مباحث:المبحث الأول: معنى نقد الحديثالمبحث الثاني: القواعد والموازين لنقد الحديث في المراكز التغريبيةالمبحث الثالث: بواعث نقد الحديث في المراكز التغريبيةالكلمات الافتتاحية: نقد الحديث، المراكز التغريبية، بواعث نقد الحديث.
The Security Psychology of individual and its principles in the noble prophetic Sunnah
Authors: Satar Saeed Sabah , Jabbar saeed Murad
Published: September 2020

في ختام هذا البحث توصلنا إلى نتائج نلخصها في النقاط الآتية:

اهتمت الشريعة بالأمن بجميع أنواعه لاسيما الأمن النفسي فلم يسمح بإدخال الفزع والرعب في قلب أحد حتى لو كان على سبيل اللعب والهزل.

الفرد نواة المجتمع فأمنه أمنه؛ لذا اكَّد الشرع على ضرورة الحفاظ على أمن الفرد في جميع النواحي لاسيما أمنه النفسي.

الأمن في الدنيا نسبي والأمن المطلق لا يوجد إلَّا في الجنة للمؤمنين.

نظرة الإسلام إلى الأمن شموليًّ فيشمل كل مايحتاجه الإنسان،كالأمن الفكري والغذائي والاقتصادي والإعلامي والداخلي والخارجي والمروري والصحي وغيرها، كما يشمل أيضاً كلَّ إنسانسواء كان ذكراً أم انثى، فرداً أم جماعةً، مسلماً أم غير مسلم.

الأوامر والنواهي الشرعية تنصب جميعها في مصلحة الأمنللناس، وليس الحفاظ على الضرورات الخمس(الدين، النفس، العقل، المال، العرض)إلَّا جزءً منه.

الأمن من ضرورات الحياة التي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنها أبداً، ولا تقلُّ أهميته عن الضرورات الخمس الأخرى لذا أرى أن تضاف إليها.

الإيمان هو من أعظم مقومات الأمن، كما أنَّ الكفر والمعاصيمن أعظم عوامل اختلال الأمن،مصداقاً لقوله تعالى(وَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا قَرْيَةً كَانَتْ آمِنَةً مُطْمَئِنَّةً يَأْتِيهَا رِزْقُهَا رَغَدًا مِنْ كُلِّ مَكَانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللَّهِ فَأَذَاقَهَا اللَّهُ لِبَاسَ الْجُوعِ وَالْخَوْفِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ)(النحل:112).

لأجل الحفاظ على الأمن وديمومته في حياة الناس أحاط الشارع الأمن بسياج يحميه وهو كالحصن الحصين له كما أشرنا إليه في مبحث مقومات
Scientific and practical development of financial jurisprudence rules under the light purposes of Islam
Authors: Ahmed Hashm Omer
Published: September 2020

يرمي هذا البحث إلى تفعيل المقاصد في العقود والأمور المالية كي لا يقع العباد في البلوى والمشقة والضيق في معاملاتها اليومية وخاصة في عقد الإجارة؛لأن العالم الإسلامي اليوم بحاجة إلى إعادة علمية وعملية وقراءة جديدة للتطورات والمستجدات والنوازل المستحدثة,خاصة مايتعلق بالتطورات المالية وأحكامها في الفقه الإسلامي بحسب مقتضى المقاصد الشرعية والمصالح الإنسانية،والتي تظهر أهمية البحث تناوله للموضوع بالتحليل والاستقراء والمقارنة وتوصل البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج منها:بيان الفهم المقاصدي في كيفية التعامل مع الوقائع المستجدة وتطورها في المعاملات المالية، وبناء منظومة مقاصدية تبنى على أسس وضوابط منهجية للتعامل مع تطور الواقع وخاصة العقود المصرفية،بالإضافة إلى أثر الاجتهاد المقاصدي في تطور أحكام العقود المصرفية وخاصة عقد الإجارة المنتهية بالتمليك .
Islam and his impact on creative construction in the field of humanities
Authors: AL-Adhami Muanna Waleed Naji
Published: September 2020

يصور البحث ما أحدثه الإسلام عبر القرون المتوالية من تغير جذري في مجال العلوم، وما اثبته من الرقي في غرس المبادئ الإنسانية والقيمية في مجال العلوم والمعرفة، من خلال تحفيز القدرة الابداعية لدى الانسان الذي يعد هو المحور  الاساس في احداث هذا التغير، لما  حضي به من التكريم الإلهي ، والعلوم الإنسانية في مجالاتها المتعددة تعد مصب نهر هذه المبادئ القيمية الاسلامية .
Ruling of the dowry in Islamic jurisprudence comparative Juristic study
Authors: Abdalla Awat Salih
Published: September 2020

فهذا البحث تحت عنوان ( أحكام الصداق في الفقه الإسلامي دراسة فقهية مقارنة ) محاولة لتسليط الضوء على أحكام الصداق في الفقه الإسلامي، وذلك من خلال دراسة فقهية مقارنة. فالصداق واجب في كل عقد الزواج الصحيح ، وفيه مسائل تحتاج الى البحث والدراسة، بالاضافة الى حاجة الناس في كل  زمان ومكان  لهذا الموضوع.

ويعتمد في دراستي على منهج العرض والمقارنة

ويعتمد منهجية هذا البحث على دراسة تحليلية استقرائية مقارنة.

وقامت هندسة هذا البحث على ثلاثة مباحث رئيسية، مسبوقة بمقدمة ومتلوة بخاتمة.
Geography Principles to Make Natural Reservation in Hawraman Area
Authors: Mustafa Rebaz Luqman
Published: September 2020

دوایی ده‌ركه‌وتنی گرفته‌ ژینگه‌ییه‌كان له‌ جیهاندا زۆر ڕێوشوێن گیرانه‌به‌ر بۆ چاره‌سه‌ركردنیان، ده‌ركه‌وت دامه‌زراندنی پارێزراوه‌ سروشتییه‌كان یه‌كێكه‌ له‌باشترین ڕێگاكان بۆ زاڵبوون به‌سه‌ر ئه‌م گرفته‌ ژینگه‌ییانه‌دا‌، بۆیه‌ زۆر وڵات له ‌ئه‌مڕۆدا به‌شێك له‌ڕوبه‌ری وڵاته‌كانیان ته‌رخان ده‌كه‌ن بۆ دروستكردنی پارێزراوه‌ سروشتییه‌كان، له‌پێناو پاراستنی سه‌رچاوه‌ سروشتییه‌كان و مانه‌وه‌ی ئه‌و سه‌رچاوانه‌ بۆ نه‌وه‌كانی داهاتوو.

ئامانجی لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌كه‌ بریتیه‌ له‌ ده‌رخستنی ڕۆڵی توانسته‌ جوگرافییه‌ سروشتی و مرۆییه‌كانی ناوچه‌ی هه‌ورامان بۆ دروستكردنی پارێزراوه‌ سروشتییه‌كان.

ئه‌م لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌یه‌ دابه‌شكراوه‌ بۆ پێشه‌كییه‌ك و سێ ته‌وه‌ره‌، له‌ ته‌وه‌ری یه‌كه‌مدا باسی ناساندنی ناوچه‌ی لێكۆڵینه‌وه ‌كراوه‌‌‌، ته‌وه‌ره‌ی دووه‌م باسی زاراوه‌كانی تایبه‌ت به‌ لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌كه كراوه‌‌‌، له‌ ته‌وه‌ره‌ی سێیه‌مدا باسی توانسته‌ جوگرافییه‌ سروشتی و مرۆییه‌كانی ناوچه‌ی لێكۆڵینه‌وه كراوه‌ له‌گه‌ڵ گرنگیان بۆ دروستكردنی پارێزراوه‌ سروشتییه‌كان، له‌كۆتایدا به‌ چه‌ند ئه‌نجام و پێشنیازێك و لیستی سه‌رچاوه‌كان كۆتایی به‌ لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌كه‌ هێنراوه‌.

لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌كه‌ گه‌شتووه‌ به‌و ئه‌نجامه‌ی كه‌

1) ناوچه‌ی هه‌ورامان خاوه‌نی چه‌ندین توانستی جوگرافی سروشتی و مرۆیی گرنگه‌ بۆ دروستكردنی پارێزراوه‌ سروشتییه‌كان، وه‌ك(شوێنی جوگرافی،‌ به‌رزونزمی و دیمه‌نی سه‌رنجڕاكێشی وه‌ك تاڤگه‌كان و ئه‌شكه‌وته‌كان و ده‌رامه‌تی ئاو بونی كانیاوی سازگار و ته‌ندروستی، ئاوهه‌وای گونجاو، ڕووه‌كی سروشتی و دارستان و ئاژه‌ڵ و باڵنده‌ی كێوی، شوێنی مێژوویی و شوێنه‌واری دێرین و خانه‌قا و مه‌رقه‌دی ئاینی و ڕێگاوبان و زانكۆ و په‌یمانگا و پیشه‌ی ده‌ستی و شێوازی تایبه‌تی دروستكردنی خانوو جلوبه‌رگ...هیتر).

2) ناوچه‌ی لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌ گونجاوه‌ بۆ دروستكردنی پارێزراوی سروشتی كه‌ ده‌بێته‌هۆی سه‌رله‌نوێ ڕێك خستنه‌وه‌ی ژینگه‌ی ناوچه‌كه‌ و بوژاندنه‌وه‌ی ژێرخان و سه‌رخانی ئابوری ناوچه‌كه‌.

له‌كۆتایدا چه‌ند پێشنیازێك خراوه‌ته‌ڕوو له‌وانه‌: 1) به‌رزكردنه‌وه‌ی ئاستی هۆشیاری ژینگه‌یی دانیشتوانی ناوچه‌كه‌ سه‌باره‌ت به‌ پاراستنی سه‌رچاوه‌ سروشتی و مرۆییه‌كانی ناوچه‌كه‌.

2) گرنگیدان به‌ لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌ی زانستی له‌سه‌ر ژینگه‌ و پارێزراوه‌ سروشتییه‌كان و ئاژه‌ڵ و باڵنده‌ی كێوی(هه‌میشه‌یی و كۆچه‌ر) و ئه‌نجامدانی كنه‌وپشكین بۆ شوێنه‌واره‌ دێرینه‌كان تاوه‌كو له‌بواری گه‌شتوگوزاری ڕۆشنبیری و مێژوویدا وه‌گه‌ڕبخرێن.

3) هه‌وڵدان بۆ ئه‌نجامدانی ڕێكه‌وتنێك له‌گه‌ڵ وڵاتی ئێران بۆ دروستكردنی پارێزراوی سروشتی له‌ چیای هه‌ورا‌مان كه‌ سنوری ڕامیاری نێوانیان پێكدێنێت، هاوشێوه‌ی ڕێكه‌وتنی نێوان میسر و سودان.
Students' Protests in Iraq between 1926-1928: background and consequences
Authors: Mahdi Mika Hardi
Published: September 2020

خۆپیشاندانە خوێندکارییەکانی عێراق ١٩٢٦-١٩٢٨.ز؛ زەمینە و لێکەوتەکانیئەگەرچی تا ساڵی ١٩٣٢ز عێراق و حکومەتەکەی لە ژێر سایەی حاکمی سیاسی و هەژموونی سەربازی ئینتدابی بەریتانیادا بوو، بەڵام لەسەرەتای دامەزراندنی دەوڵەتی نوێی عێراقەوە، هەندێ لە توێژە کۆمەڵایەتییەکانی ناو کۆمەڵگەی عێراق لە چوارچێوەی جوڵە و پیشەی خۆیان و لە پەراوێزی کەشی سیاسیی عێراقدا چەندین چالاکی و کاردانەوە و بزوتنەوەیان دەستپێکرد، بزوتنەوەی خوێندکاریی خوێندکارانی عێراق بە تایبەت لە شاری بەغدا لە نێوان ساڵانی ١٩٢٦-١٩٣٢ز، یەکێکە لەو دیاردە کۆمەڵایەتییانەی کە جێگەی تێڕامان و راڤەی مێژووییە، بە رەچاوکردنی ئەو دۆخە ناجێگیرەی پرۆسەی سیاسیی و ئاڵوگۆڕەکان و دواکەوتووی دۆخی کۆمەڵآیەتی کە هێشتا عێراق نەک وەک وڵاتێکی دامەزراوەیی دانەمەزرابوو، ئامارەکانی ژمارەی خوێندنگە و خوێندکاران و مامۆستایان ئەم حاڵەتە دەسەلمێنن، هاوکات جوڵانەوەیەکی وا دیاری خوێندکاریش دیسانەوە حاڵەتێکی هەستپێکراوی سیاسیی و کۆمەڵایەتی دەبینرێت، ئەمەش بۆ مێژووی هاوچەرخی ناوچەکە شایستەی لێنۆڕین و توێژینەوەیە. هیندە بەسە کە بزانرێت تەنها لە ماوەی ساڵانی ١٩٢٦-١٩٢٨ز لانیکەم سێ جوڵانەوەی خوێندکاریی دیار دەرکەوتن: یەکەم: خۆنیشاندان دژی رێککەوتننامەی ١٩٢٦ی عێراق-ئینگلیز، دووەم: خۆنیشاندانی پەیوەست بە دۆسێی دەرکردنی ""ئەنیس نسوڵی" نووسەری کتێبی مێژووی ناو پرۆگرامەکانی خوێندن، سێیەم: خۆنیشاندان دژی هاتنی "ئەلفرێد مۆندی جوو" بۆ عێراق. هەریەک لەم جوڵانەوانە جیا لەوەی خوێندکاریین، هاوکات بارگاوین بە دۆخی سیاسیی و هەم کارتێکەر و هەم کارلێکراویشن. ئەم توێژینەوە بەدوای وەڵامی ئەم پرسیارانەوەیە: هۆکارەکانی پشت بزوتنەوەی خوێندکاریی سەرەتای بنیاتنانی عێراقچیبوو؟ سیاسەت و سیاسەتوانەکان چ رۆڵێکی لەو بزوتنەوەیەدا گێرا؟ ئایا بزوتنەوەیەکی سروشتی بوو یان کارتێکی سیاسی دەستی سیاسییەکان بوو؟ رەوتی توێژینەوەکە دەچیتە خانەی توێژینەوە نێوپسپۆڕییەکانی بواری کۆمەڵناسی مێژوویی و بۆ شیکاری پیدراوە مێژووییەکانیش پشتی بەستووە بە تیۆرەی "ئامادەسازی سەرچاوەکان"ی کۆمەڵناسی مێژوویی چارلز تێلی زۆرترینی ئەم دیدگایەشی دەکەونە ناو کتێبەکەی {لە ئامەدەسازییەوە تا شۆڕش} و تایبەتە بە راڤەی بزوتنەوە کۆمەڵایەتییەکان و جەخت لەسەر هۆکاری بزوتنەوەکان و جوڵێنەر و سەرکتکارەکانی جوڵانەوەکان دەکاتەوە و وەک دیادردەیەکی کۆمەڵایەتی ئامرازی شیکردنەوەی بۆ دیاریکردوون. میتۆدی توێژینەوەی بەکارهاتووش میتۆدی وەسفی-شکارییە کتێبخانەییە و بۆ کۆکردنەوەی پێدراو و روداوە مێژووییەکانیش پشدەبەسترێت بە یاداشت و سەرچاوە مێژووییەکان و هاوکات ئەو ئەدەبیاتەی کە بزوتنەوە کۆمەڵایەتییەکان شیکار دەکەن.وشەکلیلیەکان: خۆپیشاندانی خوێندکاریی، تیۆری ئامادەسازیی سەرچاوەکان، مێژووی هاوچەرخ، عێراق.
The importance of play in pedagogy in curriculum delivery and play provision for young children’s learning and development
Authors: KARAOĞLU Sevim
Published: September 2020

In this study, play, play pedagogy, play provision and teachers’ roles in play in early childhood in accordance with England’s Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) will be discussed critically and commented with reference to evidence from the literature. Before examining these points in detail, it will be briefly explained what high-quality experience is and what the EYFS document includes about children’s learning and development. Following this, firstly, it will be discussed and explained how play can contribute to children’s development and learning. Secondly, the consideration will take attention on how play pedagogy and play provision might be used effectively. Thirdly, it will be examined role of teachers in play pedagogy and provision in order to provide the children with high quality experience. In conclusion, by examining how play, play pedagogy, play provision and roles of practitioners in the early years should be valued and implemented for children’s learning and development with a high-quality experience in EYFS. However, there is a surprisingly little research about critical review of playful pedagogy from other countries’ early years education system in Turkish related literature. Therefore, this study will contribute to the growing Turkish early childhood education literature about a sample of implementation of early years’ period in English education system especially from the playful pedagogy.
Effect of shape geometry on electromagnetic radiation under quasi-static compression in sintered aluminium preforms
Authors: Mishra Sujeet Kumar , Misra Ashok
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the effect of shape geometry on electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emissions from sintered aluminium preforms during deformation under unrestricted quasi-static compression. The EMR emissions under compression show shape anisotropy. The end surface conditions of the compressing platens, i.e. lubrication, also influence the EMR emission characteristics. The first EMR emission invariably occurs near the yield. The dead metal zones formed on the top and bottom portions of the specimens during axial compression, possibly generate a climbing motion of edge dislocations in the radially outward mid-regions. These edge dislocations form accelerated electric line dipoles and emit electromagnetic radiation during the climbing motion. These results appear significant in understanding the mechanism of plastic deformation in metal powder preforms at the microscopic level and are expected to give a deeper insight into the metal forming processes.
浅谈地理信息系统在测绘工程中的应用
Authors: 沈 东阳
Published: September 2020

20世纪60年代,地理信息系统得到了迅速发展,在测绘工程中也发挥了重要的作用,不仅提高了测绘工程的工作效率,还提高了测绘工作的质量和精度。本文将对地理信息系统在测绘工程中的应用进行深入的分析。
三维激光扫描技术在建筑立面测绘中的应用研究
Authors: 鄢 海浩
Published: September 2020

目前,激光扫描技术获得了新的发展,三维激光扫描技术也应运而生。三维激光扫描技术是近年来国内外测绘领域研究的热点,自20世纪90年代出现后,已被应用到测绘工程、结构测量、文物古迹保护、娱乐等多个领域。基于此,文章就三维激光扫描技术在建筑立面测绘中的应用进行了研究。
一种综合三维实景模型与激光点云数据的地籍测量方法
Authors: 张 晓栋 , 何 高波
Published: September 2020

2020年我国开始了大规模的农村房地一体化专项项目,房地一体化实质上是地籍测量；在传统上,我国的地籍测量以全站仪和RTK测量为主,辅以激光测距仪和量尺进行作业,这种作业方式效率较慢,难以满足当前地籍测量效率的要求,基于此,笔者提出了了一种综合三维实景模型和激光点云数据的地籍测量方法,之后通过一个实例对该方法的精度和效率进行了验证,结果表明,该技术和模型可行,本次实验旨在为地籍相关人员测量的提供参考。
探索大数据在地理国情监测中的应用
Authors: 姜 侠
Published: September 2020

随着互联网和信息技术的发展,新兴的大数据正作为创新源而蓬勃发展,反映了城市空间中人员的集中和流动,物流,信息流等,这是对传统静态数据的有益补充。数据功能的识别,工作居民关系的提取,交通的模拟等已被广泛使用,并逐渐成为研究城市问题的热点。本文审查了人口普查和国家地理条件监测的过程和主要内容,并分析了将大数据应用于国家地理条件监测。
全站仪在砂岩型铀矿床钻孔放样中的精度分析
Authors: 崔 伟 , 于 海飞 , 门 宏
Published: September 2020

通过使用拓普康DS-101AC全站仪进行钻孔施工放样,并结合砂岩型铀矿钻孔测绘实例,分析全站仪的测量原理和误差来源,以及全站仪在沙漠地区钻孔施工放样的平面精度和高程精度。结果表明,利用全站仪在沙漠地区施工放样,在边长小于1km时平面位置精度可以达到41mm左右,使用全站仪通过单向观测法测量测站点和目标点之间的高差,当距离小于1km时可以满足《铀矿地质详查规范》中高程中误差要求及比例尺1:2000地形图测绘及地质填图要求。
土地工程信息化技术的应用及发展趋势
Authors: 孙 靖
Published: September 2020

信息化技术在土地工程中具有非常重要的应用意义,通过信息化技术,能够最大限度利用有限的土地资源,以此提升土地资源的利用率,同时还能够科学针对土地实际来进行相应的结构建设,具有积极性应用意义。就此本文基于土地工程,首先分析信息化技术在其中的应用,然后提出土地工程信息化技术的发展趋势,旨在以此能够为相关人士提供有价值的参考依据。
测绘地理信息新技术在第三次全国国土调查中的应用
Authors: 阿 丽艳
Published: September 2020

第三次全国国土调查与国计民生有着密切联系,国民经济建设和土地利用规划管理尤为关键,我国测绘技术发展水平显著提高,信息化也成为了测绘行业的发展趋势。本文结合笔者工作实际,就测绘地理信息新技术在第三次全国国土调查中的应用展开论述,以供参考,希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。
GPS RTK技术在采煤塌陷地治理测量中的运用
Authors: 陈 宗成
Published: September 2020

当前在我国广袤的土地上,许多煤产区都出现了塌陷的情况,对于采煤塌陷地的治理以及生态环境恢复也就成为人们日益关注的问题。随着GPS RTK(实时动态测量)技术的出现,该技术发展至今已经成为地形测量工程中最常见的技术之一,对于采煤塌陷地的治理测量,其也能够发挥出更大的作用。
无人机航空摄影测量在“房地一体”地形测量中的应用
Authors: 徐 志庆 , 刘 豪杰
Published: September 2020

近几年,无人机技术水平不断提高,在航天摄影测绘中也日益完善。无人机航天摄影测绘是一种新型的测绘方法,促使相关从业人员对地理数据的采集朝着全天候、实时化趋势迈进,使之具备长期的使用效应及经济利益。本文就广东省“房地一体”地形测量方面无人机航天摄影测绘的使用进行了详细探究,以期可以使之在相关领域得到持续发展。
浅谈无人机技术在房产测绘领域的应用
Authors: 许 小松
Published: September 2020

无人机技术作为一种新兴技术,被广泛用于房产测绘。与其他技术相比,具有测绘工作效率高、成本低等显著优势。研究采用新测绘技术——无人机技术,能极大得改善当前房产测绘领域的现状。本文主要概述了无人机技术的特点,进一步分析其测绘工作方法以及探讨了无人机技术在房产测绘领域的应用。
地面三维激光扫描技术在工程测量中的应用
Authors: 高 飞 , 隋 超
Published: September 2020

在当前的社会发展中,我国的现代化建设速度逐渐加快,工程建设的项目也呈现出了与日俱增的景象,在工程建设之中,工程测量关系着工程项目的建设能否顺利开展,是非常重要的一个方面。旧有的工程测量的方式不仅会浪费大量的人力以及物力,并且在测量的精确度方面有所欠缺,无法获得最佳的数据。地面三维激光扫描技术的应用,使得工程测量的精确度与工作的效率都有了很大的提升,对于工程建设项目的高质量完成具有重要的意义。
土地测绘技术在土地开发整理中的应用研究
Authors: 隋 超 , 高 飞
Published: September 2020

土地是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,而土地资源的开发整理与应用始终是人们关注的热点话题。当前土地开发和整理水平有了较大程度的提升,但在具体实施过程中由于存在一些新情况新问题,这也对土地开发和整理工作带来了较大的挑战。将土地测绘技术应用到土地开发和整理中,能保证工作效率的提升,也能为各个环节的工作提供有效的参考依据。鉴于此,文章就土地测绘技术在土地开发整理中的应用进行了研究。
煤矿无人化自动开采技术研究
Authors: 陈 拓其
Published: September 2020

为探析无人化自动开采技术,从系统功能、总体方案、技术原理的角度分析,提出无人化自动开采策略,实现输送机、采煤机、液压支架的远程操控及工作面无人化自动开采的目的,提升工作面监控、采煤机控制、液压支架控制远程化控制的质量。本文结合煤矿无人化自动开采技术的基本原理、总体方案及系统功能,提出液压支架、采煤机、输送机等自动化技术。
浅析gis在国土空间规划领域的应用
Authors: 白 妙妮 , 田 茂
Published: September 2020

2020年,随着市县以上国土空间总体规划编制的完成,国土空间规划体系也基本建立,明确了国土空间规划工作中统筹规划、协调建设与后期管理三个主要模块的服务对象。GIS技术集存储、分析与管理空间数据三方面功能于一身,在国土空间规划中发挥着不可替代的作用。本文论述了GIS技术的概念与价值,并围绕GIS技术在国土空间规划中的实践应用展开系统探究。
Atuação do Assistente Social no Centro de Referência em Assistência Social nos Municípios de Pequeno Porte I
Authors: Abegg Caroline
Published: September 2020

Esse trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa de campo realizada no Centro de Referência de Assistência Social no município de Porto Mauá no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Discorre sobre a atuação do profissional assistente social inserido nesse campo de trabalho de proteção básica em municípios de pequeno porte I. Com o objetivo de analisar os desafios enfrentados, a reafirmação do profissional com as diretrizes profissionais com a efetivação e busca pela garantia de direitos dos usuários através de encaminhamentos para saúde, educação, habitação, atividades de capacitação, geração de emprego, renda e empoderamento da família. Utilizamos como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica. Na pesquisa foi constatado que a falta de investimentos e profissionais necessários para suprir a demanda dos trabalhos existentes.
Discourse analysis: ''Other flus killed more than that''
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

This article is based on the area of Interactional Sociolinguistics and results from the analysis of excerpts from an interactive oral discourse published in Correio Braziliense Política. The oral corpus constituted by the verbal interaction presented by the President of Brazil was used as reference. The discourses used by politicians are messages spread to an immediate and easily accessible public, including an interactional society. Politicians convey their messages to the people with the capacity of their discourse to be understood or, on the contrary, can generate doubt or confusion in their followers. This article aimed to analyze the discursive acts in the presidential message at the beginning of the Coronavirus pandemic in March 2020. In this initiative, the results revealed the pragmatic interpretation that had this discourse.
Analyse du discours : « D’autres grippes ont tué plus que cela »
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Cet article est basé sur le domaine de la sociolinguistique interactionnelle et les résultats de l’analyse d’extraits d’un discours oral interactif publié dans Correio Braziliense Política. Le corpus oral constitué par l’interaction verbale présentée par le Président du Brésil a servi de référence. Les discours utilisés par les politiciens sont des messages diffusés dans un public immédiat et facilement accessible, y compris une société interactionnelle. Les politiciens transmettent leurs messages aux gens avec la capacité de leur discours d’être compris ou, au contraire, peuvent générer le doute ou la confusion dans leurs disciples. Cet article visait à analyser les actes discursifs dans le message présidentiel au début de la pandémie de coronavirus en mars 2020. Dans cette initiative, les résultats ont révélé l’interprétation pragmatique qui avait ce discours.
Analyse : Histoire de la vie et récits interactifs dans le contexte de la pandémie de coronavirus
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Cet article est basé sur le domaine de la sociolinguistique interactionnelle et propose l’analyse d’extraits concernant une histoire de vie et des récits interactifs dans des contextes de la pandémie de coronavirus. Un premier corpus écrit et un deuxième corpus oral basé sur des récits de vie ont été recueillis comme référence. Dans cette analyse des histoires de vie et des récits interactifs dans le contexte de la maladie du Coronavirus, nous avons une séquence discursive qui nous a permis d’évaluer et d’interpréter un conte et plusieurs expériences vécues en cette période pandémique que notre planète a affrontée jusqu’au moment de la collecte de données.
Analyse: Lebensgeschichte und interaktive Erzählungen im Kontext der Coronavirus-Pandemie
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Dieser Artikel basiert auf dem Bereich der Interaktionssoziolinguistik und schlägt die Analyse von Auszügen über eine Lebensgeschichte und interaktive Erzählungen in Kontexten der Coronavirus-Pandemie vor. Ein erster geschriebener Korpus und ein zweiter mündlicher Korpus, der auf Lebenserzählungen basiert, wurden als Referenz gesammelt. In dieser Analyse von Lebensgeschichten und interaktiven Erzählungen im Kontext der Coronavirus-Krankheit haben wir eine diskursive Sequenz, die es uns ermöglichte, eine Geschichte und mehrere Erfahrungen zu bewerten und zu interpretieren, die in dieser Pandemiezeit gelebt wurden, die unser Planet bis zum Moment der Datensammlung erlebt hat.
Sociolinguistica interattive nel discorso politico: un'analisi di estratti orali interattivi in contesti della pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Questo articolo si basa sull'area della Sociolinguistica Interazionale ed è il risultato dell'analisi di estratti dai diversi discorsi orali interattivi del Presidente del Brasile in contesti della pandemia COVID-19. Il corpus linguistico orale di questi discorsi registrato in diversi social media sparsi in Brasile e in tutto il mondo è stato raccolto come riferimento per l'analisi. L'analisi ha permesso di valutare e interpretare i diversi estratti orali interattivi del discorso politico, nonché di discutere il legame confuso che aveva il rapporto tra discorso, politica e coronavirus in questo periodo pandemico che il nostro pianeta ha visto fino alla data di raccolta dei dati, nel luglio 2020.
Child Refugees in Europe
Authors: YAZGAN HADZIBULIC Seda
Published: September 2020

This paper provides an overview of the literature on the current refugee crisis in Europe, which primarily focuses on the situation of refugees that are children. Due to its magnitude, the world is currently facing one of the biggest humanitarian crises it has ever witnessed. Millions of people and young children have fled their home countries and became refugees The horror of wars and conflicts has affected all of the refugees while undoubtedly, it has had a more profound and significant impact on the children refugees. The rights of these refugee children are paramount, and one of these rights is that they are provided with safety and resources that will help them cope with the crisis while also ensuring they are provided a chance to a brighter future.
The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. The European Union and the whole world have a direct responsibility to provide basic necessities such as food, shelter, education, health which can help and alleviate the mental and emotional suffering which the refugee children face. My research will focus on three important aspects of the child refugees crisis in Europe The general conditions of the children refugees, the conditions of camps especially in Italy, Greece, and Spain, and how the crisis has affected their daily lives and mental health. In the end, my conclusion will focus on the question of, what are the policies which Europe has to change which are designed to help and lead the refugee children which to a better futureThe aim of this paper to have a better understanding of children refugees in Europe and to raise global awareness about their conditions and the humanitarian crisis at hand. My research will consist of information from academic articles, published books, various websites, data from previous studies, and resources.
Urgency of the Public Services Supervision on the Regional Government Implementation
Authors: KETUT KARYANI Ida Ayu , PARSA I Wayan
Published: September 2020

This study examined the supervision of public services as stipulated in Law 25 of 2009, namely regarding public services and Law 23 of 2014 concerning regional government. Supervision carried out in the law is to give authority to each of the existing institutions or institutions, causing overlapping existing authority. Giving authority to officials will give birth to the rights and obligations to achieve the goals and intentions specified in the legislation. The rise of corruption cases occurs because of the weakness of existing supervision of government administration, especially in public services. In this case corruption will foster public distrust of public services. The form of maladministration carried out by public service providers is always associated with behavior in services performed by public officials and the norms of behavior of officials in public services. In addition, these problems are also caused by the opportunities and authority given to be abused and the low quality of public services in various service sectors. Supervision of public services can provide certainty about the public services provided by the government whether it has been running according to targets and objectives and is a way to find out as early as possible maladministration that might occur so that effective and accountable government can be realized.
REKONSTRUKSI SYARAT PENGANGKATAN JABATAN KOMISARIS BUMN: ANTARA IDEALITA DAN REALITA
Authors: Mahardika Ahmad Gelora
Published: September 2020

BUMN atau Badan Usaha Milik Negara sebagai badan usaha yang sahamnya mayoritas dimilik oleh negara lebih akrab dengan kerugian daripada keuntungan. Padahal mengacu pada Pasal 2 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2003 tentang BUMN, salah satu tujuan dibentuknya BUMN adalah untuk memperoleh keuntungan. Salah satu persoalan yang menyebabkan BUMN kerap kali kalah bersaing dengan perusahaan swasta adalah lemahnya manajemen BUMN, dimana pada jabatan-jabatan penting justru diisi oleh sosok yang tidak profesional yaitu politisi ataupun relawan politik, bahkan jabatan komisaris juga dijabat oleh pejabat pemerintahan yang menyebabkan adanya rangkap jabatan. Persoalan utama adalah pada regulasi yang tidak jelas baik terkait mekanisme pengangkatan serta apa saja hal-hal yang dilarang untuk dilakukan oleh komisaris BUMN. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda yuridis normatif, dan menyimpulkan bahwa persyaratan jabatan komisaris yang terdapat dalam Undang-Undang BUMN perlu dilakukan rekonstruksi.
HOLDING BUMN MEMERLUKAN ADANYA STANDAR PROSEDUR OPERASI DALAM MENCAPAI ASPEK TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN YANG BAIK
Authors: Priskila Ginting Yuni
Published: September 2020

Pengelompokkan BUMN ke dalam Induk Perusahaan dimungkinkan terjadinya peningkatan penciptaan nilai pasar perusahaan (market value creation) yakni usaha untuk melipatgandakan nilai perusahaan yang ada saat ini. Di samping itu melalui Induk Perusahaan diharapkan akan dapat meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif, karena akan memberikan fokus dan skala usaha yang lebih ekonomis, serta dianggap mampu menciptakan corporate leverage. SOP dalam holding BUMN sangat penting, karena terkait pemanfaatan aset yang dimiliki BUMN Induk. Sepanjang dilandasi dengan kajian kelayakan yang tepat serta memenuhi SOP dapat terlihat aset-aset yang mungkin tidak lagi bermanfaat dan apabila terjadi kerugian akibat aksi korporasi dapat terlihat kerugian yang dialami negara. SOP dapat diterapkan dalam kegiatan usaha BUMN sepanjang ditujukan untuk kepentingan holding BUMN sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan, serta sesuai dengan kebijakan yang dipandang tepat dalam batas-batas yang ditentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang berlaku dan anggaran dasar.
PENGUATAN PERATURAN TENTANG KOMITE AUDIT GUNA MENCEGAH KERUGIAN KEUANGAN NEGARA DI BUMN
Authors: Wahyu Wibisana Andi
Published: September 2020

Seharusnya, korupsi di BUMN tidak terjadi jika sistem pengawasan berjalan dengan baik dan optimal. Dewan komisaris atau dewan pengawas merupakan organ perusahaan BUMN yang bertanggung jawab untuk melakukan pengawas dengan dibantu oleh komite audit. Oleh karena itu, komite audit dapat menjadi kekuatan tumpuan pencegahan korupsi di BUMN. Namun, peraturan yang mengatur komite audit memiliki beberapa kelemahan. Untuk itu, perlu penguatan hukum bagi komite audit agar perannya dapat lebih optimal dalam pencegahan korupsi. Dalam penelitian ini, rumusan masalah adalah pertama, apa kelemahan peraturan tentang komite audit dan kedua, bagaimana perbaikan peraturan komite audit guna bisa mencegah kerugian keuangan negara di BUMN. Tipologi penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif, yaitu penelitian terhadap norma hukum sebagai obyeknya. Norma hukum yang menjadi obyek penelitian adalah norma hukum yang mengatur tentang komite audit. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, peraturan yang mengatur komite audit memiliki kelemahan yang terletak pada tiga kelemahan utama, yaitu peran dan tanggungjawab komite audit, operasional komite audit, dan renumerasi komite audit. Dalam rangka penguatan peran komite audit untuk mencegah terjadinya kerugian keuangan negara di BUMN, maka kelemahan peraturan tersebut harus diperbaiki.
REKONSTRUKSI PROBLEMATIKA PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORUPSI KORPORASI: KAJIAN NORMATIF KEDUDUKAN HUKUM DIAMETRAL BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA
Authors: Salsabila Dara
Published: September 2020

Undang Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Pasal 33 ayat (2) mengamanatkan bahwa cabang-cabang produksi yang penting bagi negara dan yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak harus dikuasai oleh negara. Negara semestinya mengakomodir setiap kepentingan rakyat dalam pemenuhan kebutuhannya terutama pada sektor-sektor vital. Interpretasi ‘dikuasai’ kemudian memunculkan paradigma mengenai batasan peran negara pada sektor tersebut. Permasalahan muncul tatkala adanya dugaan tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan oleh korporasi (BUMN) yang kedudukannya beririsan dengan lebih dari satu ketentuan undang-undang yang saling kontradiktif dan berada pada tataran politik hukum yang berbeda. BUMN diposisikan pada rezim public karena terdapat intervensi negara (pemerintah) di dalamnya namun juga tunduk pada rezim privat sebagaimana dalam UU Perseroan Terbatas. Maka dari itu, pengenaan tindak pidana korupsi pada direksi BUMN yang melakukan pengurusan dan pengelolaan pada perusahaannya adalah tidak tepat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Maka dari Itu pendekatan doktrin business judgement rule dan penerapan hukum perdata menjadi konstruksi yang tepat dalam penegakan hukum BUMN.
REMUNISIPALISASI PENGELOLAAN AIR BERSIH OLEH PEMERINTAH PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN KEUANGAN DAERAH DAN PEMENUHAN HAK ATAS AIR BAGI WARGA JAKARTA
Authors: Rismansyah Mohammad Robi , Suryanti Nyulistiowati , Astriani Nadia
Published: September 2020

Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 mengamanatkan bahwa air seharusnya dikuasai oleh negara dengan tujuan agar negara mampu memenuhi hak atas air bagi warga negaranya. Bertolak belakang dengan amanat konstitusi, pengelolaan air di Jakarta justru dikelola oleh swasta yaitu PT. Aetra dan PT. Palyja dengan maksud agar pengelolaan air dapat terlaksana lebih baik. Sayangnya, perbaikan pengelolaan air tidak mampu dicapai, riset membuktikan bahwa terhitung sejak 1998-2017 saat ini jaringan air bersih yang dikelola oleh swasta hanya bertambah 14.9% jauh di bawah harapan pemerintah. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa remunisipalisasi merupakan jawaban agar keuangan daerah DKI Jakarta tidak merugi dan pemenuhan hak atas air bagi warga Jakarta dapat terpenuhi dengan baik.