bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalência de anemia em crianças brasileiras, segundo diferentes cenários epidemiológicos
Authors: Vieira Regina Coeli da Silva , Ferreira Haroldo da Silva
Published: October 2010

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar a prevalência de anemia em crianças brasileiras segundo diferentes cenários epidemiológicos. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com metanálise dos resultados de estudos observacionais publicados nos últimos dez anos. A pesquisa de artigos foi efetuada nas bases do SciELO e PubMed, usando-se a palavra-chave "anemia" combinada com criança e Brasil. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão (artigos de revisão; anemia de etiologia não nutricional; diagnóstico não baseado no nível de hemoglobina (Hb<11g/dL); amostra envolvendo crianças >7 anos; ausência de dados de prevalência; e não identificação do local de estudo, da amostra, da faixa etária e/ou do método diagnóstico), foram selecionados 35 artigos, posteriormente categorizados segundo a origem de suas amostras: creches/escolas n=8, serviços de saúde n=12, populações em iniquidades n=6 e estudos de base populacional n=9. Por meio de metanálise, calcularam-se a prevalência média de anemia ponderada pelos respectivos tamanhos amostrais e a razão de chances para um intervalo de confiança de 95%, assumindo-se a prevalência de estudos de base populacional como referência n=1 (CRC=1), e obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados, respectivamente: creches/escolas: 52,0%, 1,61 (1,5-1,8); serviços de saúde: 60,2%, 2,26 (2,1-2,4); populações em iniquidades: 66,5%, 2,96 (2,6-3,4) e estudos de base populacional: 40,1%, com p<0,0001 para todas as comparações (χ2). A anemia continua representando um grave problema de saúde pública nos distintos cenários analisados, justificando receber atenção prioritária por parte dos gestores das políticas públicas das diferentes esferas de governo no País.
Modulação e composição de ácidos graxos do leite humano
Authors: Costa André Gustavo Vasconcelos , Sabarense Céphora Maria
Published: October 2010

O leite humano é um fluido complexo, considerado um alimento completo e suficiente para suprir as necessidades nutricionais de recém-nascidos durante os seis primeiros meses de vida. A fração lipídica do leite materno é a principal fonte de energia para o neonato e possui ácidos graxos essenciais; seus produtos poliinsaturados, como o ácido araquidônico e o ácido docosa-hexaenoico, são indispensáveis ao crescimento. Tanto o conteúdo lipídico quanto o tipo de ácido graxo do leite humano podem ser modulados por fatores inerentes ou não à mãe. Dentre esses fatores, destacam-se a adiposidade, o estilo de vida, o estado nutricional e a ingestão alimentar materna, que agem de forma concomitante e interdependente, dificultando as análises dos estudos que se propõem investigar tal modulação. Não se observam grandes diferenças entre as composições de ácidos graxos do leite materno de estudos realizados na América Latina e em países desenvolvidos. O leite das nutrizes de algumas regiões brasileiras apresenta os ácidos graxos essenciais, o ácido araquidônico, o ácido docosa-hexaenoico e um baixo percentual de ácidos graxos saturados e ácidos graxos trans. O presente trabalho avaliou, portanto, os principais fatores que modulam a composição do leite humano, em particular as diferenças na composição de ácidos graxos do leite de mulheres de diferentes nacionalidades e os efeitos desses componentes sobre a saúde do recém-nascido.
(Re)contando a velha história: reflexões sobre a gênese do Management
Authors: Vizeu Fabio
Published: October 2010

Este trabalho pretender minimizar os problemas da ausência da perspectiva histórica no pensamento acadêmico sobre a Administração. Assim, apresentamos uma reflexão pouco utilizada no mainstream da área sobre as condições históricas que permitiram a emergência do Management enquanto instituição moderna, bem como os fatores que condicionaram sua disseminação. Construímos nossa discussão, revisitando textos seminais de historiadores marxistas e institucionalistas interessados em compreender as bases do processo de industrialização capitalista e a consequente institucionalização do saber e da prática do Management. Primeiramente, é na constituição histórica do capitalismo industrial que se observam as condições plurais de emergência e os elementos primitivos das práticas modernas de gestão e organização do trabalho. Um segundo passo foram as demandas específicas do grupo de engenheiros industriais norte-americanos e europeus. Tendo sido apresentadas em associações de classe e jornais especializados, tais demandas intensificaram o debate sobre a sistematização de princípios de Management, um processo de articulação de classe que teve em Taylor seu mais bem sucedido proponente. Na conclusão, apresentamos algumas implicações sobre o entendimento do Management centrado na reflexão que aqui se propôs sobre sua construção histórica.
Humor e discriminação por orientação sexual no ambiente organizacional
Authors: Irigaray Hélio Arthur Reis , Saraiva Luiz Alex Silva , Carrieri Alexandre de Pádua
Published: October 2010

Em face da multiplicidade de manifestações sociais no mundo organizacional, o humor se destaca como forma de comunicar algo, mesmo que não explícito, aparando arestas e suavizando críticas e agressões, sob o pretexto de provocar o riso. Neste artigo o objetivo é analisar o humor como forma de manifestação da discriminação por orientação sexual no ambiente de trabalho. Para isso, com base em literatura especializada sobre as funções sociais, denotativas e conotativas do humor e a inserção profissional de homossexuais masculinos e femininos no meio profissional foi conduzida uma pesquisa qualitativa com trabalhadores heterossexuais e homossexuais de empresas localizadas nas regiões metropolitanas do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, entre 2005 e 2008, no sentido de apreender suas histórias de vida. Estas foram gravadas, transcritas integralmente, e trabalhadas por meio da vertente francesa da análise do discurso. Os principais resultados revelam que o humor dos heterossexuais sobre os homossexuais gays é explícito, e aparentemente legitimado pela sociedade, já que estes são engraçados. Identificou-se que, de forma relativamente surpreendente, os próprios gays fazem piadas sobre si próprios, ratificando, por meio do riso, o estigma social. As principais conclusões apontam a necessidade de politização do humor, como forma de comunicação nas organizações, pois ele cumpre, como parte de suas funções sociais, o papel de auxiliar dos processos sociais de tolhimento e discriminação social.
Gestão do desempenho na administração pública: o caso da TI governo
Authors: Fetzner Maria Amélia , Oltramari Andrea Poleto , Olea Pelayo Munhoz
Published: October 2010

Este caso para ensino examina o tema gestão do desempenho, partindo da intenção de um gerente de sistemas de empresa pública de tecnologia em contar com um sistema de GD. A partir da constatação de demandas e pressões para resultados organizacionais, esse gerente reflete sobre o gerenciamento atual e pregresso de desempenho na empresa e vai trazendo à tona o assunto em várias instâncias da organização: diretoria, recursos humanos, supervisores de área. Neste processo se vão revelando elementos para diagnóstico da situação, que antecede a implantação de um programa, como características do contexto, dilemas gerenciais, dificuldades, expectativas, objetivos e riscos e que servem como subsídios para um projeto de implantação de gestão do desempenho numa empresa. O material possibilita discussões e reflexão sobre o processo de gerência do desempenho, em termos de objetivos: conceitos, planejamento da implantação de ações na área de Recursos Humanos [RH], interação entre RH e áreas-clientes nas empresas e suas estratégias de atendimento, gestão pública e privada.
A influência dos sistemas sensoriais na plataforma de força: estudo do equilíbrio corporal em idosas com e sem queixa de tontura
Authors: Teixeira Clarissa Stefani , Lemos Luiz Fernando Cuozzo , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Mota Carlos Bolli
Published: October 2010

OBJETIVO: analisar as respostas de dois grupos de idosas (com e sem queixa de tontura) submetidas a diferentes condições sensoriais em uma plataforma de força. MÉTODOS: para a realização desse estudo utilizou-se uma plataforma de força AMTI OR6-5 com uma frequência de aquisição de 100 Hz. Foram realizadas coletas em quatro condições distintas: olhos abertos (OA), olhos fechados (OF) sobre apenas a plataforma de força, olhos abertos (OAA) e olhos fechados (OFA) sobre uma almofada de 20 cm de espessura. As variáveis analisadas foram o centro de força ântero-posterior (COPap), centro de força médio-lateral (COPml), 95% da elipse da área, velocidade de oscilação e comprimento da oscilação.Comparações entre os grupos e entre as condições dentro dos grupos, foram realizadas por meio do teste de Duncan. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram não haver diferenças entre os grupos em nenhuma variável, porém a condição OFA causou maiores perturbações no equilíbrio corporal das idosas. CONCLUSÃO: conclui-se que o aumento da dificuldade imposta pelas quatro condições de testes, alterou a oscilação corporal das idosas avaliadas.
Disfagia orofaríngea em crianças com síndrome Cornélia de Lange
Authors: Foroni Priscila Martins , Beato Anne Marques , Valarelli Liciane Pinelli , Trawitzki Luciana Vitaliano Voi
Published: October 2010

OBJETIVO: descrever os achados das fases oral e faríngea da deglutição, bem como os aspectos sensório-motores orofaciais relevantes em crianças com a síndrome Cornélia de Lange. MÉTODOS: trata-se de relato de caso, retrospectivo. Realizou-se análise descritiva de quatro protocolos de avaliação fonoaudiológica da deglutição da rotina do Serviço de Fonoaudiologia de crianças com a síndrome Cornélia de Lange, de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária entre 1:2 e 9:6 anos, encaminhadas para avaliação clínica e videofluoroscópica da deglutição em um hospital público universitário. Analisou-se os aspectos das fases oral e faríngea da deglutição por meio da avaliação clínica do sistema sensório-motor orofacial, avaliação clínica funcional e videofluoroscópica. RESULTADOS: As alterações do sistema sensório-motor orofacial mais encontradas foram a hipersensibilidade e a hipertonia muscular da região orofacial. Na fase oral da deglutição, dentre as alterações observadas, destacaram-se a presença de vedamento labial ineficiente, escape oral anterior do bolo alimentar, inadequada formação/organização do bolo e ejeção oral deficiente. Na fase faríngea, observou-se ausculta cervical alterada, refluxo nasal, excursão hiolaríngea reduzida, presença de resíduo em trânsito faríngeo após a deglutição, penetração laríngea e aspiração laringotraqueal. A disfagia orofaríngea foi encontrada em todas as crianças. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados encontrados apontaram alterações nos aspectos sensório-motores orofaciais e comprometimento na biomecânica da deglutição. As importantes alterações na deglutição evidenciadas nos casos descritos podem corresponder a manifestações típicas da síndrome Cornélia de Lange.
Ações de promoção e prevenção à saúde vocal de professores: uma questão de saúde coletiva
Authors: Luchesi Karen Fontes , Mourão Lucia Figueiredo , Kitamura Satoshi
Published: October 2010

OBJETIVO: analisar possíveis ações para a prevenção e a promoção da saúde vocal de professores através da análise de interações entre aspectos vocais, ocupacionais e preventivos. MÉTODO: um estudo qualitativo-quantitativo foi realizado numa escola pública do estado de São Paulo com 26 professores. Desenvolveu-se um programa de aprimoramento vocal que contou com avaliação laringológica, aplicação de questionário e intervenção preventivo-terapêutica em grupo. Para quantificar o grau de associação entre os aspectos vocais, ocupacionais e preventivos, foi utilizado o Teste Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: observou-se que a maioria dos professores (exceto dois) referiram algum tipo de queixa relacionada ao uso da voz na profissão. Foram observadas alterações laríngeas em três dos dez professores que se submeteram à avaliação laringológica. Quanto ao estresse, 20 referiram estresse de alguma natureza, e destes, 10 referiram estresse vocal. Treze professores participaram da intervenção. Entretanto, apenas cinco concluíram-na. Houve significância estatística na associação entre a quantidade de sintomas vocais e a participação na intervenção preventivo-terapêutica, mostrando que participaram da intervenção, os professores com mais de três sintomas vocais. Também foi observada tendência à associação entre indisponibilidade de tempo e referência a estresse vocal. CONCLUSÃO: acredita-se que a saúde vocal do professor esteja amplamente relacionada a aspectos ocupacionais, mesmo não tendo sido encontrado significância estatística em todas as associações investigadas. As ações preventivas devem valorizar as atuações multi ou interdisciplinares, os trabalhos de sensibilização para a percepção da importância da voz no ensino, a identificação e atenuação de fatores de risco, os programas de aprimoramento vocal e a integração entre todos os atores envolvidos com a escola.
Coral amador: efeitos de uma proposta de intervenção fonoaudiológica
Authors: Loiola Camila Miranda , Ferreira Leslie Piccolotto
Published: October 2010

OBJETIVO: verificar os efeitos de uma proposta de intervenção fonoaudiológica com base na prática educativa, por meio de avaliação de fonoaudiólogos, professores de canto e dos próprios coristas amadores participantes, analisando, em momento pré e pós-intervenção fonoaudiológica, os parâmetros de respiração, projeção e tessitura vocal na voz cantada. MÉTODOS: o programa teve o referencial teórico de ZABALA (1998) sobre a prática educativa. Dez cantores de coral amador responderam a um questionário de caracterização e realizaram gravações da extensão vocal e canto, pré e pós-intervenção. Durante seis encontros, foi abordado o aquecimento vocal, anatomia e fisiologia da voz cantada, bem-estar vocal, respiração e propriocepção da voz. As gravações foram analisadas por juízes fonoaudiólogos e professores de canto, que avaliaram a respiração, projeção e tessitura vocal. Os coristas, sem acesso às gravações, realizaram auto-avaliação dos mesmos parâmetros. RESULTADOS: avaliação dos juízes: tessitura vocal teve mais alterações positivas, seguida da respiração e projeção vocal. Todos os parâmetros tiveram mudanças significantes (p < 0,01). Fonoaudiólogos analisaram a tessitura vocal mais de acordo com o esperado, professores de canto consideraram a projeção, e a respiração apresentou dados equivalentes estatisticamente. Os resultados por sujeito mostraram que dois cantores apresentaram melhoras em todos os parâmetros analisados e sete deles, em pelo menos dois deles. Os cantores perceberam melhoras em todos os aspectos. CONCLUSÃO: a intervenção teve efeitos positivos nos coristas e mostrou a necessidade de realizar estudos que avaliem o processo em si, a fim de se valorizar a atuação do fonoaudiólogo na voz cantada.
Efficacy and safety of atypical antipsychotic drugs (quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole and paliperidone) compared with placebo or typical antipsychotic drugs for treating refractory schizophrenia: overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Melnik Tamara , Soares Bernardo Garcia , Puga Maria Eduarda dos Santos , Atallah Álvaro Nagib
Published: October 2010

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: According to some cohort studies, the prevalence of refractory schizophrenia (RS) is 20-40%. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of aripiprazole, paliperidone, quetiapine and risperidone for treating RS. METHODS: This was a critical appraisal of Cochrane reviews published in the Cochrane Library, supplemented with reference to more recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on RS. The following databases were searched: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) (1966-2009), Controlled Trials of the Cochrane Collaboration (2009, Issue 2), Embase (Excerpta Medica) (1980-2009), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) (1982-2009). There was no language restriction. Randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating atypical antipsychotics for treating RS were included. RESULTS: Seven Cochrane systematic reviews and 10 additional RCTs were included in this review. The data generally showed minor differences between the atypical antipsychotics evaluated and typical antipsychotics, regarding improvement in disease symptoms, despite better adherence to treatment with atypical antipsychotics. Risperidone was specifically evaluated in patients with RS in one of the systematic reviews included, with favorable outcomes, but without definitive superiority compared with other drugs of proven efficacy, like amisulpride, clozapine and olanzapine. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the difficulty in treating these patients, with high dropout rates and treatment patterns of modest improvement in assessments of effectiveness. Atypical antipsychotics have advantages over typical antipsychotics mainly through their better safety profile, which leads to better adherence to treatment. A combination of antipsychotics may also be an option for some refractory patients.
Asociación de labio y/o paladar hendido con variables de posición socioeconómica: un estudio de casos y controles
Authors: Escoffié-Ramírez Mauricio , Medina-Solís Carlo Eduardo , Pontigo-Loyola América Patricia , Acuña-González Gladys , Casanova-Rosado Juan Fernando , Colome-Ruiz Gabriel Eduardo
Published: October 2010

OBJETIVOS: determinar la asociación entre variables indicadoras de posición socioeconómica y la presencia de labio y/o paladar hendido no sindrómico (L/PH). MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en el que se incluyeron 110 casos con L/PH pareados por edad y sexo con 220 controles, seleccionados de la clínica del Hospital Niño DIF de Hidalgo, México. A través de un cuestionario se recogió una serie de variables relacionadas con la posición socio-económica. Utilizando el análisis de componentes principales (correlación policórica) se combinaron las variables relacionadas entre sí y se construyeron diversas variables indicadoras de posición socioeconómica; nivel socioeconómico (características de la vivienda), índice de bienestar (posesiones de bienes/ enseres del hogar), escolaridad de los padres (años de estudio), seguridad social (derechohabiencia), e indigenismo (hablar alguna lengua indígena por alguno de los padres). El análisis bivariado se realizó con regresión logística condicionada. RESULTADOS: el 90.9% de los pacientes presentó labio + paladar hendido al mismo tiempo, ya sea uni o bilateral. El tipo de defecto mas común fue el labio y paladar hendido izquierdo (33.6%). Resultaron asociadas a L/PH las variables: índice de bienestar (comparado con el peor quintil: 2do OR=0.46; p=0.030, 3er OR=0.39; p=0.015, 4to OR=0.30; p=0.002, 5to OR=0.27; p=0.001), nivel socioeconómico (comparado con el mejor tercil: 2do OR=0.46; p=0.004, 3er OR=0.18; p<0.001), escolaridad del padre (OR=0.86; p<0.001), y escolaridad de la madre (OR=0.84; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONES: este estudio demuestra la existencia de desigualdades socioeconómicas en salud bucal, observándose que los sujetos de menor posición socioeconómica presentan mayor riesgo de tener L/PH.
Aspectos de la fecundidad de mujeres indígenas Suruí, Rondônia, Brasil: una aproximación
Authors: Valencia María Mercedes Arias , Santos Ricardo Ventura , Coimbra Jr Carlos E.A , Oliveira Maurício V.G , Escobar Ana Lúcia
Published: October 2010

OBJETIVOS: caracterizar aspectos de la fecundidad de mujeres indígenas Suruí de la Amazonía brasilera. MÉTODOS: se levantaron y sistematizaron 88 historias reproductivas y de nacimientos, obtenidas a través de visitas domiciliarias en dos aldeas, realizadas en 2004. RESULTADOS: el promedio de edad de la menarquía fue 12 años; las edades medias de entrada a la primera unión y del nacimiento del primer hijo fueron, respectivamente, 13,8 y 15,7 años. El parto ocurrió en la aldea en su mayoría. Las mujeres Suruí presentan un intervalo intergenésico promedio próximo a los 22,8 meses. El promedio de amamantación fue 18,4 meses. El uso de contraceptivos es mínimo y el número de años de estudio de las mujeres es bajo. La tasa de fecundidad total fue de 6,3 hijos. CONCLUSIÓN: si se compara con resultados de otros estudios en pueblos indígenas, la demografía Suruí señala niveles de fecundidad entre moderados y elevados. Los autores argumentan que los hallazgos son relevantes para la prestación de servicios de salud culturalmente compatibles con la realidad Suruí.
Condições sociodemográficas de crianças de zero a dois anos filhas de mães com HIV/Aids, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
Authors: Machado Márcia Maria Tavares , Galvão Marli Teresinha Gimeniz , Lindsay Ana Cristina , Cunha Antonio José Ledo Alves da , Leite Álvaro Jorge Madeiro , Leite Robério Dias , Kerr Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
Published: October 2010

OBJETIVOS: identificar as condições sociodemográficas das crianças de 0 a 2 anos de idade nascidas de mães HIV + / AIDS em Fortaleza, Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal utilizando um questionário semiestruturado com cuidadores (63 mães e 5 avós) de crianças no ambulatório de um hospital estadual, entre Dezembro de 2005 e Abril de 2006. RESULTADOS: a idade média das mães foi de 26 anos de idade. Aproximadamente 16% eram analfabetas, 57,3% eram casadas e 5,9% viúvas. Mais de dois terços (79,4%) das mulheres participantes do estudo tornou-se ciente de seu status de HIV + no último parto e 51,5% relataram não receber qualquer tipo de assistência social do governo. A idade média das crianças foi de 15,6 meses e 13% não tiveram um teste de HIV. A maioria delas era proveniente de áreas rurais (60,3%), com renda familiar média mensal de R$ 446,32. Verificou-se que 57,9% das crianças viviam em uma casa com cinco ou mais pessoas, e 31% relataram ter quatro ou mais crianças morando na mesma casa. CONCLUSÕES: há necessidade de estratégias de prevenção e promoção à saúde, levando em consideração o contexto social das famílias que vivem com HIV/AIDS.
Food resources used by three species of fish in the semi-arid region of Brazil
Authors: Silva Márcio J. da , Figueiredo Bruno R. S. , Ramos Robson T. C. , Medeiros Elvio S. F.
Published: October 2010

Temporary and semi-permanent aquatic habitats in semi-arid Brazil have been reported as important sites supporting a diverse fish fauna. As such, they must be able to trophically sustain fish species that feed at different trophic levels. This study aims to describe the diets of Astyanax aff. bimaculatus, Hoplias malabaricus and Prochilodus brevis in aquatic systems in semi-arid Brazil, providing evidence of the importance of these habitats as supporters of large consumers like fish. The diet of the three species studied was diverse, feeding on a range of food items, from microalgae to fish. Despite that, a few items were more important to each of the study species. These results and the relatively high rates of stomach fullness indicate that a diverse and abundant food range is available in the study sites, but species seem to select some food resources. The present study provides evidence that despite being highly variable, intermittent and semi-permanent aquatic systems in semi-arid Brazil are able to trophically sustain large consumers.
Air ventilation in cities with dense high-rise developments
Authors: Choi Edmund
Published: October 2010

Ground-level air condition in inner city areas is becoming increasingly poor as buildings become taller and more closely spaced. This paper explains how wind flow in cities is primarily governed by the amount of air blowing in from outside and how this is modified by buildings, particularly taller ones. Based on experiences in Hong Kong, the paper shows how local topography affects the available wind and how city layouts, the configuration of building complexes and the geometry of individual buildings affect pedestrian-level wind speeds. Mitigation measures to improve air ventilation are proposed.
Fire fighting in high-rise buildings: the role for engineers
Authors: Siu-hang Lo Shane
Published: October 2010

This paper aims to give engineering professionals a better understanding of the role and challenges facing fire services departments in enforcing fire safety and tackling towering infernos. In Hong Kong, where over seven million people live in high-rise buildings, the government has been injecting significant resources to address fire risk from educational, enforcement, economic, emergency and – crucially – engineering perspectives. The result is that overall fire risk is being comprehensively addressed for the benefit of both the community and fire fighters.
The design of foundations for high-rise buildings
Authors: Poulos Harry
Published: October 2010

High-rise buildings are usually founded on some form of piled foundation subject to a combination of vertical, lateral and overturning forces. However, conventional methods for assessing stability may not be adequate when designing such foundations because they tend to focus on resistance under vertical loading. This paper sets out an ultimate-limit-state approach for computer-based design of pile foundation systems for high-rise buildings and provides an example application on a 151-storey tower in South Korea.
The structural design of Almas tower, Dubai, UAE
Authors: Chandunni Ranjith , Berahman Farshad
Published: October 2010

The Almas Tower is a 360 m high office tower in Dubai, UAE. The design comprises two intersecting elliptical towers located on a sculpted three-storey podium. The architectural form and client's requirement for floor efficiencies of 80% resulted in significant challenges for the structural design team. This paper discusses the structural framing adopted, wind-tunnel studies undertaken – including building acceleration, lateral movements and column-shortening effects – and mitigation measures introduced. It also describes the design of the tower's spire, which features tuned mass dampers.
A new urbanity: the relationship between towers and urbanism
Authors: Krummeck Stefan
Published: October 2010

The prevailing skyline of the world's developed and developing cities demonstrates an ever-increasing prevalence of tall buildings forming a new urban model. This paper examines the relationship between towers and urbanism. It considers the typology of new tall buildings and how they are interconnected with their urban context and how high-rise buildings can be a sustainable model for urban growth. The integration of high-rise and mixed-use solutions is considered along with the importance of integrating public transport. The paper also outlines technical considerations when designing tall buildings.
Grand Lisboa hotel and casino, Macau: a fast-track high-rise
Authors: Lee David , Lee Hoi , Chan Chester
Published: October 2010

The striking 258 m tall Grand Lisboa hotel and casino project in Macau was completed in 2008 on schedule and within budget using fast-track construction techniques. This paper describes the project requirements and the innovative contractual and technical solutions adopted, including top-down construction, diaphragm walling, piling, rock excavation, composite construction and fibre-reinforced sprayed concrete. Wherever possible, temporary works were combined into the permanent structure to achieve rapid construction at economic cost.
Heron Tower, London – the strategy for construction
Authors: Richards Mark , Gillespie Nick
Published: October 2010

Heron Tower is a new landmark office building in the City of London which is due for completion in February 2011. With 47 storeys above ground and a total height of 232 m, it exceeds Tower 42, which has held the city record for the past 30 years. A steel stability tube structure encloses the office floor plates, carrying vertical and lateral loads to a secant pile wall at ground level, which forms the perimeter of a three-storey basement. This paper describes the construction strategy devised by the designers, with top-down basement construction concurrent with superstructure erection.
Strata SE1, London – propelling sustainable regeneration
Authors: Cowan Daniel
Published: October 2010

Strata SE1 is a new 43-storey, 148 m tall reinforced concrete residential tower leading the sustainable regeneration of the Elephant and Castle area in London, UK. With a curved triangular footprint and three 9 m diameter wind turbines, the tower has been designed economically and built quickly on a confined city centre site. This paper describes the design and construction of the project, which used a system of ‘walking columns’ to achieve its tapered shape, with slabs acting as struts and ties. Headed reinforcement bars were used within the ties – one of the first applications in a UK building.
Reliability of CPT Ic as an index for mechanical behaviour classification of soils
Authors: KU C.S. , JUANG C.H. , OU C.Y.
Published: October 2010

This paper presents results of an analysis of a set of high-quality, side-by-side piezocone penetration test (CPTu) and standard penetration test (SPT) data for examining mechanical behaviour-based classification of soils. The results show that the soil behaviour type index (Ic), either defined by Jefferies and Been (denoted herein as Ic,BJ) or by Robertson and Wride (denoted herein as Ic,RW), is an effective parameter for mechanical behaviour classification. Additionally, an effort is made to find the most suitable Ic cut-off (or boundary) value that can delineate cohesionless (sand-like) soils from cohesive (clay-like) soils. The Robertson and Wride's formulation, Ic,RW = 2·67 is found capable of delineating these two classes of soils. Similarly for the Been and Jefferies' formulation, Ic,BJ = 2·58 is found to be the most suitable Ic cut-off value for such classification purpose. These cut-off Ic values for distinguishing sand-like soils from clay-like soils are found to be reliable in a case study of liquefaction susceptibility.
Centrifuge model study of spudcan penetration in sand overlying clay
Authors: TEH K.L. , LEUNG C.F. , J. Y.K.CHOW * AND M.
Published: October 2010

A series of centrifuge model tests has been conducted to investigate the bearing resistance of spudcan foundations of offshore jack-up rigs in sand overlying normally consolidated clay. The spudcan bearing-resistance profiles measured in most of the tests recorded a peak resistance at a shallow depth within the upper sand layer, followed by an abrupt post-peak reduction in resistance causing the spudcan to plunge into the underlying soft clay. This phenomenon is commonly termed as ‘spudcan punch-through hazard', which potentially leads to severe structural damage of jack-up rigs in the field. The centrifuge test results revealed that the ratio of upper sand layer thickness over spudcan diameter and the ratio of bearing resistance between the upper sand and underlying clay affect the development of spudcan bearing resistance. The limitations of existing design methods, which were derived for the ultimate bearing capacity of pre-embedded shallow foundation to assess the spudcan bearing resistance-depth profile, are also identified. It is proposed that the profile may be assessed by focusing on three key characteristic bearing resistances.
Embedded cantilever retaining walls in sand
Authors: LI A.Z. , LEHANE B.M.
Published: October 2010

This paper describes a case history involving staged excavation adjacent to an instrumented cantilever bored pile contiguous wall in sand. The instrumentation enabled reliable estimates to be made of the variation of pile bending moments from which observations are made related to the development of lateral earth pressures. Particle image velocimetry was employed to obtain a unique dataset of lateral and vertical displacement measurements behind the wall, which may be used to evaluate existing predictive approaches for assessment of excavation-induced movements. Simple finite-element back-analyses of the experiment, employing a linear elastic Mohr–Coulomb soil model, showed that measured wall displacements and moments could be predicted using expected effective stress strength parameters, but that best-fit equivalent linear operational stiffnesses were well below those commonly assumed in practice. Creep is shown to have a critical effect on the displacements of the wall and behind the wall and needs to be incorporated in any realistic predictive approach.
Assessment of sample quality in soft clay using shear wave velocity and suction measurements
Authors: DONOHUE S. , LONG M.
Published: October 2010

The characterisation of soils for civil engineering purposes depends on removing sufficiently high-quality samples from the ground. Accurate evaluation of sample quality is therefore important if reliable design parameters are to be determined. This paper describes the use of unconfined shear wave velocity (Vs) and suction (ur) measurements to assess sample quality rapidly in soft clay. Samples of varying quality from three well-characterised soft clay sites are initially assessed using conventional techniques, and their results compared with Vsand urmeasurements performed on the same samples. It is observed that the quality of samples indicated by these measurements is very similar to those inferred from traditional disturbance measures, with Vsbeing the more reliable indicator. A tentative empirically derived criterion, based on samples tested in this project, is proposed to quantify sample disturbance combining both Vsand urmeasurements. Further work using this criterion on different materials is important so as to test its usefulness.
Estimation of intact and remoulded undrained shear strengths from penetration tests in soft clays
Authors: LOW H.E. , LUNNE T. , ANDERSEN K.H. , SJURSEN M.A. , LI X. , RANDOLPH M.F.
Published: October 2010

Difficulties in obtaining high-quality soil samples from deepwater sites have necessitated increasing reliance on piezocone, T-bar and ball penetration tests to determine soil properties for design purposes. This paper reports the results of an international collaborative project in which a worldwide high-quality database of lightly overconsolidated clays was assembled and used to evaluate resistance factors for the estimation of intact and remoulded undrained shear strength from the penetration resistance of each device. The derived factors were then compared with existing theoretical solutions to evaluate the influence of particular soil characteristics. The overall statistics showed similar levels of variability of the resistance factors, with low coefficients of variation, for all three types of penetrometer. However, correlations of the resistance factors with specific soil characteristics indicated that the resistance factors for the piezocone were more influenced by soil stiffness, or rigidity index, than for the T-bar and ball, while the effect of strength anisotropy was only apparent in respect of resistance factors for the T-bar and ball relative to shear strengths measured in triaxial compression. In the correlation between the remoulded penetration resistance and remoulded strength, the resistance factors for remoulded strength were found to be higher than those for intact strength and with a slight tendency to increase with increasing strength sensitivity but insensitive to soil index properties. Based on an assessment of the influence of various soil characteristics, resistance factors are recommended for the estimation of intact and remoulded undrained shear strength from the penetration resistances of each device for soil with strength sensitivity less than six.
Consolidation in accreting sediments: Gibson's solution applied to backfilling of mine stopes
Authors: FAHEY M. , HELINSKI M. , FOURIE A.
Published: October 2010

There is increasing use of hydraulically placed tailings backfill in mined-out voids (‘stopes') in underground mining, with the backfill being retained in the stopes by barricades built across the stope access tunnels. The forces acting on these barricades depend on the degree of consolidation that occurs during the backfilling process. A solution to the problem of consolidation in a layer increasing in thickness owing to ongoing sedimentation was proposed by Gibson in 1958. This solution appears to be directly relevant to the stope backfilling process, although there are limitations in applying it. Using material properties from two mine sites, the applicability of the Gibson solution to stope filling is examined. In particular, since one of the basic assumptions of the Gibson solution (that cv remains constant during filling) is generally violated, the effect of having a varying cv is explored using numerical modelling. Finally, the limitations of applying the Gibson solution to the stope backfilling problem are discussed. These relate particularly to the three-dimensional nature of stope geometry and drainage (compared with the assumption of one-dimensional conditions in the Gibson solution) and the fact that cement is generally added to backfill, such that the analysis herein is only valid up to the start of cement hydration.
Evaluation of long-term behaviours of geogrids: a review
Authors: Jeon H.-Y.
Published: October 2010

This study focused on the test method that is used for evaluating the long-term performance of various types of geogrid. The tests were performed using two kinds of geogrid (textile and membrane-drawn). The design strengths of the geogrids used in this study were 8 and 10 t/m, respectively. From the estimated long-term creep deformation, it was seen that 60–65% of the ultimate loading level (Tult) was the optimum value to satisfy the creep criteria (curve becomes asymptotic to a constant strain line, of 10% or less) in the case of the woven geogrid. These values also indicated that the textile geogrid had strong resistance to long-term deformation compared with the membrane-drawn geogrid. From the outdoor and chemical resistance evaluation, a factor of safety was determined by using the reduction factors of the ultimate strength induction conditions and the long-term design strength was obtained by applying this factor of safety over the design life.
Experimental investigation of installation damage for geogrids
Authors: Jeon H.-Y. , Bouazza A.
Published: October 2010

Installation damage tests were performed to evaluate both damaged and undamaged geosynthetics specimens. Accelerated creep tests at 20, 35 and 50°C were performed at various loading levels to determine the maximum short-term strength of the geosynthetic reinforcements. The long-term performance of drawn-type, warp/knitted-type and junction bonded-type membranes, composite-type geogrid, and strip-type geosynthetic reinforcement was calculated from the reduction factors. The total factor of safety for the geosynthetic reinforcements was calculated from the experimental results of these reduction factors and the long-term design strength of the geosynthetic reinforcements was also calculated. The reduction factor due to creep deformation was found to affect the long-term performance. Among the geosynthetic reinforcements studied, the strip-type reinforcements and composite-type geogrids showed excellent long-term performance.
Plane strain FE analysis of arching in a piled embankment
Authors: Zhuang Y. , Ellis E. A. , Yu H. S.
Published: October 2010

The results of a series of linearly elastic-perfectly plastic plane strain finite-element (FE) analyses are reported, investigating the arching of a granular embankment supported by pile caps over a soft subsoil. The objective of the research was to contribute further to generic understanding of arching in a piled embankment, and the contribution of tensile reinforcement near the base of the embankment. The stress state in the embankment and load on the subsoil were examined. The analyses demonstrate that the ratio of the embankment height to the centre-to-centre pile spacing is a key parameter in determining the behaviour. The potential contribution of tensile reinforcement near the base of the embankment was also considered. It was found that arching in the embankment occurred at relatively small settlement of the underlying subsoil, whereas much more settlement was required for sag of the reinforcement to have significant effect in further reducing the stress on the subsoil.
Finite-element study of arching behaviour in reinforced fills
Authors: Potts V. J. , Zdravkovic L.
Published: October 2010

The results of a finite-element parametric study, performed to investigate the nature of soil arching in the geosynthetic-reinforced fill above a void, are presented. The fill response to the formation of a void is compared with the arching theories of Terzaghi and Hewlett and Randolph. It was found that Terzaghi's approach is capable of describing all aspects of behaviour observed in numerical analyses, whereas Hewlett and Randolph's formulation may only be applied to a limited number of cases. It was also found that the accuracy with which Terzaghi's approach predicts the vertical stress at the base of the fill layer depends mostly on the value of the stress ratio K in the shear zone propagating from the edges of the void. The values suggested in the literature are shown to be too low, resulting in a highly overestimated vertical stress at the base of the fill. A suitable value of K is suggested from the numerical results, which is independent of the shape and size of the void, and of the fill and geosynthetic properties.
Extensible geosynthetics and stone-column-reinforced soil
Authors: Deb K. , Basudhar P. K. , Chandra S.
Published: October 2010

The present study involved the development of a mechanical model to study the behaviour of extensible-geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill resting on stone-column-improved soft soil. The stone column, geosynthetic layer, soft soil and granular fill were idealised by stiffer Winkler springs, rough elastic membrane, Kelvin–Voight model and Pasternak shear layer, respectively. Plane strain conditions were considered in the analysis. An iterative finite difference procedure was applied to obtain the solutions and the results are presented in non-dimensional form. The results indicate that inclusion of the geosynthetic layer (inextensible or extensible) effectively reduced the total as well as the differential settlement. However, the use of inextensible geosynthetic reinforcement was more effective than extensible geosynthetic reinforcement to reduce settlement and increase the stress concentration ratio.
Analysis of PVD-enhanced consolidation with soil disturbance
Authors: Basu P. , Basu D. , Prezzi M.
Published: October 2010

Soil disturbance caused by the installation of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) in soft soil deposits has a detrimental effect on the rate of consolidation. The current practice of accelerating consolidation using PVDs captures the effect of soil disturbance typically by reducing the in situ hydraulic conductivity in the disturbed zone, and by assuming that the hydraulic conductivity is spatially constant over the entire disturbed zone and that preloading is instantaneous. Through recent laboratory and field studies it has been shown that the hydraulic conductivity varies spatially in the disturbed zone surrounding a PVD. Based on the data available in the literature, four possible profiles were identified for the spatial variation of the hydraulic conductivity in the disturbed zone. Analytical solutions were developed for the rate of consolidation considering these hydraulic conductivity profiles for instantaneous and time-dependent preloading. This paper shows that the consolidation rate depends not only on the hydraulic conductivity profile in the disturbed zone but also on the preloading rate.
Ground improvement for infrastructure projects in Malaysia
Authors: Raju V. R. , Yandamuri H. K.
Published: October 2010

Ground improvement techniques utilising vibro methods, deep soil mixing and grouting technologies are finding increasing application in Malaysia to solve a broad spectrum of geotechnical problems. Recent applications in Malaysia for four separate projects, namely jet grouting to form stable cutter-head interventions for a tunnel project, deep soil mixing to support deep vertical basement excavation with a limestone interface for a commercial complex, vibro concrete columns to found reinforced concrete tanks in a former domestic landfill for a sewage treatment plant, and vibro stone columns to support high reinforced soil walls for a highway, are described herein. The importance of quality control measures are emphasised and available proving methods are also discussed. The case histories presented demonstrate that the techniques can provide effective solutions to challenging engineering problems.
At the Cutting Edge: Creative and Holistic Responses to Self-Injury
Authors: Inckle Kay
Published: October 2010

This article draws from a larger research project in which I used creative methodologies to explore self-injury in a holistic and harm reduction ethos. The conscious presence and reflexive self-awareness of the researcher (and practitioner) is essential to hearing the voices of the participants and understanding their experiences. Here, the participants share the creative and holistic practices that have supported them. These insights offer practitioners opportunities to build a broad repertoire of healing interventions and supports for their clients.
Creating a Healthy Work Environment for Nursing Faculty
Authors: Kuehn Mary Beth
Published: October 2010

Nursing administrators and faculty have a professional and ethical responsibility to develop and maintain a caring and healthy work environment for nursing faculty. To recruit and retain quality nursing faculty in the current nursing faculty shortage, a healthy work environment is essential. This article focuses on nursing administrators ‘and nursing faculty members ‘role in promoting a healthy academic work environment. Strategies to develop and sustain this environment are discussed.
Lessons Learned from Formal Preceptorship Programs
Authors: Eddy Scott
Published: October 2010

The precepted clinical education experience continues to be an integral component in the process of educating student nurses. However, preparation of experienced nurses for the preceptor role lags behind the need. This article presents a summary of the requirements and recommended components of successful preceptorships and preceptor development programs.
Alcohol and other Substance Use among Deaf and Hard of Hearing Youth
Authors: Berman Barbara A. , Streja Leanne , Guthmann Debra S.
Published: October 2010

Little research has focused on alcohol and illicit drug use among deaf and hard of hearing youth. Findings are reported from survey data collected among high school students at two phases of a program of research primarily focusing on tobacco use [Phase 1: (1999/2000) n = 226, Phase 2: (2004) n = 618). Evidence of considerable ever (lifetime) drinking (59.1%, 42.6%) and other substance use (21.1%, 18.9%) was found. Gender, age, race/ethnic, grade, school type (mainstream vs. school for the deaf), age when deafened, and aspects of self-perception were examined for their possible association with substance use. Current use rates are reported, and study findings are discussed in relation to national data. Understanding these use patterns is critical to developing interventions for this culturally and linguistically unique population.
Predictors of the Transition from Experimental to Daily Smoking in Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Authors: Park Sunhee , Weaver Terri E. , Romer Daniel
Published: October 2010

Although smoking initiation is rare in young adulthood, the progression to a higher level of smoking still occurs at this developmental stage. Thus, this study was aimed at exploring predictors of the transition from experimental to daily smoking in late teens and young adults using the 2nd and 3rd waves from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Predictors were chosen based on Problem Behavior Theory and others that have been found to be influential in the literature. Of the variables studied, age, racial-ethnic identity (Black and Hispanic as compared to White youth), risk-taking tendency, and marijuana use predicted daily smoking 5 years later. Only one predictor, GPA, was protective for reducing the likelihood for the transition to daily smoking. The results are discussed in regard to implications for prevention of the progression to persistent daily smoking.