bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Subfoveal and Extrafoveal Hyporeflective Zones due to Iatrogenic Traction during Membrane Peeling for Epiretinal Membranes on Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Leisser Christoph , Hackl Christoph , Hirnschall Nino , Findl Oliver
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The aim of our study using an intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) device was to assess the rate of neurosensory elevation with resulting subfoveal and extrafoveal hyporeflective zones during membrane peeling and to evaluate a possible influence on postoperative outcomes. Procedures: This study included patients scheduled for pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling due to idiopathic epiretinal membrane. All patients underwent 23-G pars plana vitrectomy with iOCT-guided membrane peeling and were scheduled for follow-up examinations at 1 day, 5 days, and 3 months after surgery. Results: Among the 171 patients included, subfoveal and extrafoveal hyporeflective zones could be detected in 12 patients (7%). Follow-up at 3 months after surgery was available for 149 patients with a median improvement in best corrected visual acuity of +2 lines (IQR: +1 to +4 lines). There were no significant differences in outcomes between patients with and those without subfoveal/extrafoveal hyporeflective zones concerning visual acuity, macular thickness, occurrence of intraretinal cystoid changes, and postoperative hyporeflective zones. Conclusions: No significant differences in postoperative outcomes were observed between patients with and those without subfoveal/extrafoveal hyporeflective zones.
МЕДИЧНА ІНФОРМАТИКА ЯК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНА СКЛАДОВА ВИЩОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Sichkoriz O. Ye. , Lototska L. B. , Kolach T. S.
Published: December 2019

Інформаційні технології можуть змінити спосіб вивчення медицини студентами та медичними працівниками. У медичній освіті застосування симуляційних технологій, віртуальних пацієнтів та електронного навчання перетворилося на педагогічну стратегію у сприянні активному підходу до навчання, орієнтованого на слухачів. Підвищення рівня освіти вимагає визначити, які інформаційні технології, що сприяють навчанню, заслуговують на використання у лікарській діяльності.

Мета цієї публікації полягає у висвітленні ролі медичної інформатики у навчальному процесі на до- та післядипломному рівнях та формування компетентності в галузі компʼютерних технологій у професійній підготовці медичних фахівців, зацікавлених стати експертами у розробці, впровадженні та оцінці інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у медицині.

У статті також проаналізовано доцільність та можливість впровадження циклів тематичного удосконалення з медичної інформатики для слухачів післядипломного навчання. Проведення таких циклів є особливо актуальним та необхідним в умовах автоматизації ведення обліку медичних послуг, управління медичною інформацією в електронному вигляді та сприятиме розвитку професійних компетенцій слухачів.

Адаптація медичних фахівців до електронної системи охорони здоровʼя дозволить кожному лікареві використовувати інформаційні технології для повноцінного партнерства з пацієнтами.

Підготовка медичних працівників у вищій школі передбачає систематичне та цілісне формування у студентів інформаційно-аналітичних знань і вмінь. Медична інформатика як складова вищої медичної освіти повинна прагнути досягнення ефективних академічних та освітніх програм до- і післядипломної освіти. Поширення викладання медичної інформатики в освітніх медичних закладах має супроводжуватися чіткими узгодженими зусиллями для позитивного впливу на всі залучені сторони.
СИМУЛЯЦІЙНІ МЕТОДИКИ У ВИРІШЕННІ БАГАТОРІВНЕВИХ СИТУАЦІЙНИХ ЗАДАЧ У ІІ ЕТАПІ ВСЕУКРАЇНСЬКОЇ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ ОЛІМПІАДИ З ЕНДОКРИНОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Pasyechko N. V. , Yarema N. I. , Smachylo I. V. , Savchenko I. P.
Published: December 2019

У статті наведено сучасну методику проведення ІІ етапу Всеукраїнської студентської олімпіади з ендокринології з використанням симуляційних методик. З метою залучення студентів до активної наукової роботи, мотивування у кожного інтелектуальних здібностей, розвитку комунікативних рис використовувалась оцінка теоретичних знань у вигляді тестових завдань, розв’язання ситуаційних задач, інтерпретація лабораторних та інструментальних методів обстежень, а також вирішення змодельованого невідкладного стану в інтерактивному режимі. Відбувалася студентська олімпіада з ендокринології в чотири тури: І – написання тестових завдань, ІІ – розв’язання ситуаційних задач підвищеної складності, ІІІ – вирішення змодельованого невідкладного стану в інтерактивному режимі, ІV – вирішення практичних завдань з інтерпретації лабораторно-інструментальних методів обстеження. Від студентів-учасників вимагався синтез знань з ендокринології, отриманих не лише за роки вивчення даної дисципліни у вищих навчальних закладах, але й суміжних дисциплін, таких, як кардіологія, фармакологія, лабораторна та інструментальна діагностика. Особливе місце в підготовці олімпійця з ендокринології займало вміння застосування стандартів семіотики та лікування при роботі з віртуальним пацієнтом. За кількістю набраних балів переможцями студентської олімпіади з ендокринології стали учасники із Тернопільського державного медичного університету ім. І. Я. Горбачевського (І місце), Івано-­Франківського національного медичного університету і Сумського державного медичного університету (ІІ  місце), а також Львівського національного медичного університету ім. Д. Галицького та Київського медичного університету і Дніпропетровської медичної академії (ІІІ місце).

Вирішення змодельованого невідкладного стану в інтерактивному режимі дозволяє розвинути у студента швидкість клінічного мислення та надання невідкладної допомоги хворому при різних клінічних станах.
ФОРМУВАННЯ НАВИЧОК ДІАЛОГІЧНОГО МОВЛЕННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ МЕДИЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ПІД ЧАС ВИВЧЕННЯ КУРСУ «УКРАЇНСЬКА МОВА ЯК ІНОЗЕМНА»
Authors: Sheremeta L. P.
Published: December 2019

У статті проаналізовано основні аспекти формування навичок діалогічного мовлення під час вивчення курсу «Українська мова як іноземна». Описано авторську методику засвоєння матеріалу, спрямовану на оптимальний відбір шляхів підвищення ефективності заняття. Подано методичні рекомендації щодо формування в іноземних студентів медичного профілю умінь і навичок діалогування.

Обґрунтовано, що система навчання українського діалогічного мовлення іноземців передбачає засвоєння мовно-мовленнєвих знань з української мови та формування комунікативних умінь та навичок, актуальних для послуговування в україномовному середовищі.

Доведено, що формування української мовленнєвої компетенції студентів-іноземців відбувається на основі мовної підготовки, що включає в себе вільне володіння професійною лексикою та обмін знаннями з медичних предметів, обговорення тем, дискутування з їх приводу.

Проаналізовані аспекти навчання діалогічного мовлення сприятимуть оптимізації процесу навчання іноземних студентів у вищих навчальних закладах України та можуть бути використані при подальшій розробці нових методик оцінювання рівня професійної підготовки майбутніх працівників медичного профілю.
A negritude viva em Terra Negra de Cristiane Sobral
Authors: Oliveira Dileane Fagundes de
Published: December 2019

Resenha da obra Terra Negra, de Cristiane Sobral
Current State of Cardiovascular Research in Korea
Authors: Shin Jae Il , Oh Jaewon , Kim Hyeon Chang , Choi Donghoon , Yoon Young-sup
Published: December 2019

Cardiovascular diseases have shown a continuous increase in Korea over the past decade and became the second most common cause of mortality in Korea. Although the number and the amount of total grants for cardiovascular research have increased in Korea, the proportion of the number of grants and total amount allocated for the cardiac/cardiovascular field to all health and medical research fields has not changed much over this period. In addition, the publications related to clinical research have substantially increased in Korea along with the number of nation-wide registries for cardiovascular diseases, but basic and translational research did not show significant growth, requiring new measures to promote basic and translational cardiovascular research in Korea.
Begonia depressinerva (sect. Baryandra, Begoniaceae), a new species from Luzon Island, the Philippines

Authors: PRANADA MC ANDREW K. , LUNA CHRISTINE JOY S. , MENDEZ NOE P. , CALAPATIA-SALVADOR MA. ELEANOR
Published: December 2019

A new peltate species of Begonia sect. Baryandra from Kidadayaig Falls, General Nakar, Quezon is described and illustrated here. The new species, B. depressinerva, is diagnosed against the morphologically similar B. tayabensis. The two species are similar by having rhizomatous stem, peltate, ovate leaf, and 5-tepalled pistillate flower, but the new species is remarkably different by having densely pilose, asymmetric leaf blade, densely pilose petiole that is inserted much closer to the basal margin, obtuse to subobtuse staminate flower outer tepal apex, and glandularly hairy ovary. B. depressinerva is proposed to be Vulnerable (VU) D1, following the guidelines of the IUCN.
10. DARPA—Enabling Technical Innovation
Authors: Ranka Jinendra
Published: December 2019

Chapter 10, by Jinendra Ranka, a former DARPA program manager, provides a perspective on the role of DARPA program managers in the DARPA model.
14. IARPA
Authors: Boone Bonvillian William
Published: December 2019

Chapter 14, by William B. Bonvillian, discusses IARPA, another DARPA clone.
15. Does NIH need a DARPA?
Authors: Cook-Deegan Robert
Published: December 2019

Chapter 15, by Robert Cook Deegan, explores the possible application of the DARPA model to the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Multiscale Postprocessor for Ensemble Streamflow Prediction for Short to Long Ranges
Authors: Alizadeh Babak , Limon Reza Ahmad , Seo Dong-Jun , Lee Haksu , Brown James
Published: December 2019

A novel multiscale postprocessor for ensemble streamflow prediction, MS-EnsPost, is described and comparatively evaluated with the existing postprocessor in the National Weather Service’s Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service, EnsPost. MS-EnsPost uses data-driven correction of magnitude-dependent bias in simulated flow, multiscale regression using observed and simulated flows over a range of temporal aggregation scales, and ensemble generation using parsimonious error modeling. For comparative evaluation, 139 basins in eight River Forecast Centers in the United States were used. Streamflow predictability in different hydroclimatological regions is assessed and characterized, and gains by MS-EnsPost over EnsPost are attributed. The ensemble mean and ensemble prediction results indicate that, compared to EnsPost, MS-EnsPost reduces the root-mean-square error and mean continuous ranked probability score of day-1 to day-7 predictions of mean daily flow by 5%–68% and by 2%–62%, respectively. The deterministic and probabilistic results indicate that for most basins the improvement by MS-EnsPost is due to both magnitude-dependent bias correction and full utilization of hydrologic memory through multiscale regression. Comparison of the continuous ranked probability skill score results with hydroclimatic indices indicates that the skill of ensemble streamflow prediction with post processing is modulated largely by the fraction of precipitation as snowfall and, for non-snow-driven basins, mean annual precipitation.
Not Seen and Not Heard? The Representation of Young Women and Their Political Interests in the Traditional Print Public Sphere
Authors: Smith Katherine A. , Holecz Valentina
Published: December 2019

A number of marginalized groups, including women and young people face multiple disadvantages in the traditional print media public sphere. As an inherently political space, young women’s position within the public sphere has implications for their wider role in politics and society. However, few studies analyze this specific intersection of youth and gender empirically. Using recent original data, this article analyzes how young women and their interests are represented in the traditional media public sphere. It uses the lens of political claims analysis, a method that collects data on strategic interventions that express a political opinion either verbal or nonverbal, by collective actors in the public sphere, in addition to the thematic content analysis of the coded claims. This is an exploratory analysis of original political claims data and news content gathered from a range of newspapers across nine European countries from the period 2010 to 2016. It finds that the main qualities of representation confirm patterns within existing literature, with a centrality of young women’s bodies within our sample, and a low level of agency or “active” role for young women within claims relating to their own interest. Furthermore, we empirically confirm trends which offer examples of more progressive representations of young women and their interests, including the significance of civil society actors in promoting the rights of young women and the theme of gender (in)equality in professional life, which enables space for a greater level of agency for young women than most other debates.
Chronic health conditions, mental health and the school: A narrative review
Authors: Runions Kevin C , Vithiatharan Rena , Hancock Kirsten , Lin Ashleigh , Brennan-Jones Christopher G , Gray Caitlin , Payne Donald
Published: December 2019

Objectives:

Children and adolescents with chronic physical health conditions are also at elevated risk of poor mental health; the mechanisms to account for this relationship remain unclear. In this narrative review, we used the socio-ecological model to examine research on experiences of school for children with chronic health conditions and how socio-ecology might be involved in mental health problems.

Design:

We conducted a scoping review of the existing literature, focused on hearing loss, cystic fibrosis and type 1 diabetes, which examined child and/or adolescent mental health and aspects of the school social setting.

Method:

PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched for the three target conditions; from 353 abstracts, 38 articles were reviewed in detail.

Results:

Relevant articles that examined social aspects of the experience of school for students with chronic health conditions, including absenteeism due to illness or healthcare, self-perceived difference from peers, stigmatisation and discrimination, bullying and victimisation, and positive aspects of peer support at school were reviewed. Teacher–child aspects including teacher knowledge and/or attitudes about the condition and the possibility of overdependence in the relationship were examined. Each of these processes was considered for its impact on the young person’s mental health.

Conclusion:

School-based social risk processes in the lives of young people with chronic health conditions, in particular in the peer microsystem, are likely to contribute to risk of psychological problems. These risks cannot be disentangled from mesosystemic, exosystemic and macrosystemic influences. Further research is required on the role of teachers and parents in the school social functioning of children with chronic health conditions.
Representation of Minorities in Panchayati Raj Institutions in Rural Tamil Nadu: The Influence of Caste, Class, Religion and Gender
Authors: Sathish C.
Published: December 2019

The religious minorities are underrepresented in governance at national, provincial and local political sphere in India. The inadequate representation of religious minorities in political sphere has perpetuated their minority status as socially marginalised, economically excluded and sub-ordinate social group in Indian society. Despite the fact, that neither the Constitution (73rd Amendment Act), 1992 nor the Tamil Nadu Panchayati Raj Act 1994 have provided reservation for representation of minority in rural self-governance, this paper examines the social factors that influence the election of religious minorities in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) through the Elite and Pluralistic theory of power structure. The quantitative and qualitative data collected in three districts of Tamil Nadu unfolds the influence of caste, class, religion and gender in the election of religious minorities to PRIs.
Book review: Nirmali Goswami, Legitimising Standard Languages: Perspectives from a School in Banaras
Authors: Gundemeda Nagaraju
Published: December 2019

Nirmali Goswami, Legitimising Standard Languages: Perspectives from a School in Banaras. New Delhi: SAGE, 2017, 225 pp., ₹895 (hardback). ISBN: 978-93-864-4652-7.
Heating systems through the lens of the boiler: Detailed case studies to inform current and future heating system design
Authors: Bennett George
Published: December 2019

Boilers in hydronic heating systems are the norm in the UK. Through case study analysis, covering four houses with gas central heating systems for over one year and utilising novel monitoring of the on-board diagnostic data of the boilers, performance issues were identified in this mature technology. ON/OFF cycling behaviour and oversizing were prevalent with boilers consistently unable to modulate low enough to match the building space heating demand. Cycling behaviour resulted, known to be detrimental to efficiency, with the majority of boiler operations lasting less than 10 min. Targeted case study analysis of incumbent technologies, such as boilers, utilising the latest in data collection techniques and connected appliances provides a cost effective insight to broader issues. Implications for domestic energy demand range from incremental improvements in boiler system efficiency by addressing cycling to the updating of building energy assessment models (e.g. Standard Assessment Procedure) to reflect and reward the benefits of good installation practices. An improved understanding of boiler operation may support improved product design and installation practices and are beneficial to the next generation of domestic heat, such as heat pumps. By undertaking continued in situ analysis of the incumbent technology, a more thorough foundation for the future can be ascertained.

Fundamental issues of oversizing and detrimental cycling behaviour are persisting in the industry. Practical steps can be taken immediately to avoid oversizing of boilers. Building an awareness of performance penalties associated with poorly planned heating installations will have added benefit for more dynamically sensitive technologies in the future, such as heat pumps.
Systemic Immune Profile in Patients With CRSwNP
Authors: Veloso-Teles Rafaela , Cerejeira Rui , Roque-Farinha Rosa , Buchwald Christian von
Published: December 2019

The immune pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains obscure. Our aim was to compare humoral immunity and white blood cell counts in patients with CRSwNP and controls. A prospective case–control study was carried out in 37 patients with CRSwNP and 34 controls without CRS. Clinical data were gathered through a systematic interview. Computed tomography scan, skin prick test, spirometry, and immunological parameters (leukocyte differential count, immunoglobulin classes, and immunoglobulin [Ig] G subclasses) in serum specimens were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.23. The prevalence of chronic lower respiratory diseases was greater in the CRSwNP group ( P < .001), but atopic disease had no significant difference. A significantly higher eosinophil ( P < .001) and basophil relative count ( P = .022) and a lower relative neutrophil count ( P = .013) were found among CRSwNP group. Patients with CRSwNP had higher IgG1 ( P = .022), but lower IgG2 ( P = .014) and IgG3 ( P = .018) serum levels compared to controls; IgG4, total IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE serum levels did not differ between groups, as well as the prevalence of immunoglobulin classes or IgG subclasses deficiency. The variation observed in peripheral relative leukocyte count and the systemic IgG1 subclass shift are similar to what is known to happen in nasal polyp tissue. A unique systemic immune profile seems to be present in patients with CRSwNP.
Female Workers’ Skills, Wages, and Householding in Bangladesh’s Readymade Garment Industry: The Case of a Japanese Multinational Company
Authors: Nagata Hanako
Published: December 2019

The economic relationship between Japan and Bangladesh has grown stronger since the global financial crisis of 2008, with Bangladesh being identified as ‘China plus one’ by the Japanese companies. These companies have accordingly begun transferring the capital from China to Bangladesh to avoid political and social risks in China. This article examines the skills, wages, and householding of female Bangladeshi readymade garment workers, focussing on a Japanese multinational company’s international transfers and business activities in Bangladesh since the global financial crisis. This study yielded three main findings. First, it identified the structure of the division of labour involved in the production of pairs of short pants exported to Japan. Second, it compared 20 female operators’ wage assessments to those of the overall labour force, based on their skills and experience, and pointed out ambiguous and unfounded issues caused by the gender-asymmetrical workforce deployment of Bangladeshi factories. This gender-asymmetrical system is responsible for Bangladeshi female workers’ low wages. Finally, despite their low wages, the analyzed Bangladeshi women were found to share multiple household reproduction costs through remittances and perform most of the housework and care work in the household.

JEL: B54, F23, F66, O53
Illusory vowels in Spanish–English sequential bilinguals: Evidence that accurate L2 perception is neither necessary nor sufficient for accurate L2 production
Authors: de Leeuw Esther , Stockall Linnaea , Lazaridou-Chatzigoga Dimitra , Gorba Masip Celia
Published: December 2019

Spanish native speakers are known to pronounce onset /sC/ clusters in English with a prothetic vowel, as in esport for sport, due to their native language phonotactic constraints. We assessed whether accurate production of e.g. spi instead of espi was related to accurate perceptual discrimination of this contrast in second language (L2) speech of Spanish–English sequential bilinguals. A same–different discrimination task in stimulus pairs such as spi–espi assessed speech perception and a phonemic verbal fluency task elicited speech production. Logistic mixed model regressions revealed significant differences in accuracy between the bilinguals and the English monolinguals, although some bilinguals performed within the monolingual range. For the production task, but not for the perception task, bilinguals with more exposure to English and greater grammatical knowledge of English performed significantly more accurately than those with less exposure and lower grammatical knowledge. There was no significant correlation between production accuracy and perception accuracy. Through examining phonotactic constraints, these results expand a growing body of research into single sounds which suggests dissociations between L2 perception and production. In contrast to predictions made by L2 speech models, the findings indicate that accurate L2 perception is neither necessary nor sufficient for accurate L2 production, and instead are interpreted to indicate that the two capacities recruit different executive control mechanisms and are acquired – at least to a certain extent – independently in L2 acquisition.
The Politics of Open Government Data: Understanding Organizational Responses to Pressure for More Transparency
Authors: Ruijer Erna , Détienne Francoise , Baker Michael , Groff Jonathan , Meijer Albert J.
Published: December 2019

This article contributes to the growing body of literature within public management on open government data by taking a political perspective. We argue that open government data are a strategic resource of organizations and therefore organizations are not likely to share it. We develop an analytical framework for studying the politics of open government data, based on theories of strategic responses to institutional processes, government transparency, and open government data. The framework shows that there can be different organizational strategic responses to open data—varying from conformity to active resistance—and that different institutional antecedents influence these responses. The value of the framework is explored in two cases: a province in the Netherlands and a municipality in France. The cases provide insights into why governments might release datasets in certain policy domains but not in others thereby producing “strategically opaque transparency.” The article concludes that the politics of open government data framework helps us understand open data practices in relation to broader institutional pressures that influence government transparency.
Does the Healthy Body Image program improve lifestyle habits among high school students? A randomized controlled trial with 12-month follow-up
Authors: Sundgot-Borgen Christine , Friborg Oddgeir , Kolle Elin , Torstveit Monica K. , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn , Engen Kethe M. E. , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Pettersen Gunn , Bratland-Sanda Solfrid
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Positive embodiment and healthy lifestyle habits seem to be related; therefore, stimulating positive embodiment should promote healthy lifestyle habits. In the current study, we delivered the Healthy Body Image (HBI) intervention among Norwegian high school students and examined the effects on healthy lifestyle habits.

Methods

The HBI intervention comprises three interactive workshops, with three overarching themes related to body image, social media literacy, and lifestyle. A total of 2446 boys (43%) and girls in grade 12 (mean age 16.8 years) from 30 high schools participated in this cluster-randomized controlled study. Schools were randomized to the HBI intervention or control study arm. Data on physical activity, eating habits, and sleep were collected at baseline, post intervention, and 3- and 12-month follow-up and analyzed using linear mixed regression models.

Results

The intervention had a minor negative effect on physical activity levels in boys at 12-month follow-up and short-term small-to-moderate positive effects on consumption of breakfast and fruit and vegetables, and sleep duration on school days.

Conclusions

In future, the lack of satisfactorily long-term effects might be better addressed using a combination of cognitive and behavioral approaches to more optimally integrate positive embodiment and lifestyle changes in the daily life of adolescents. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: PRSNCT02901457. Approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics.
Follicular lymphoma in a patient with splenosis: a case report
Authors: Kefeli Umut , Mehtap Ozgur , Cakir Ozgur , Eruyar Ahmet Tugrul , İsgoren Serkan , Ucuncu Kefeli Aysegul
Published: December 2019

Splenosis refers to the seeding of splenic cells associated with surgery or trauma. Splenosis mimicking other diseases has been reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of follicular lymphoma in a patient with splenosis whose diagnosis of lymphoma was delayed because of a known history of splenosis. We report a 48-year-old male patient who underwent splenectomy because of injury from a high fall 20 years previously. He had no symptoms other than mild abdominal pain until 2 years previously, which was thought to be associated with splenosis. When his symptoms began to increase, he had explorative laparotomy for diagnosis, which was later confirmed as follicular lymphoma. Splenosis may delay the diagnosis of other conditions that can be underestimated. Clinicians should be aware of unusual symptoms in patients with splenosis.
On the Effectiveness of Temperature-Responsive Protective Fabric Incorporated With Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Under Radiant Heat Exposure
Authors: Wang Lijun , Lu Yehu , He Jiazhen
Published: December 2019

To improve thermal protection of protective clothing, temperature-responsive protective fabrics incorporated with shape memory alloy (SMA) springs varying on four different deformation heights and five types arrangement modes were designed. The thermal protection was investigated under radiant heat exposure of 0.39 cal/cm2 s. The results indicated that the air gap between fabric layers produced by SMA springs effectively improved protective performance. The thermal protection of fabrics with different SAM arrangement modes and sizes showed different trends, and the interaction effects of arrangement mode and size were analyzed. Moreover, the optimized arrangement and size of SMA springs were suggested. The regression models were established to assess the relationship between the air gap and thermal protection. This study demonstrated that the combination of flame-resistant fabric with SMA was feasible to develop temperature-responsive protective clothing because it could improve thermal insulating property by producing intelligent air gaps that responded to environment change.
Hybrid stress analysis of a near-surface circular hole in finite structures
Authors: Alshaya Abdullah , Lin Shiang-Jiun
Published: December 2019

The ability to stress-analyze complicated structures from recorded load-induced temperatures is demonstrated. The considered structures have a near-surface hole and subjected to a concentrated load. The complexity of the structure is simplified by conformal mapping, the traction-free condition on the boundary of the hole is analytically satisfied by analytic continuation, and the equilibrium and compatibility conditions are satisfied by means of Airy stress function in complex-variable formulation. For isotropic member that is cyclically loaded within its elastic range, the produced in-phase temperature variations are linearly proportional to the local changes in the normal stresses. Even though no recorded thermal data were used at or near to the edges, the present hybrid method simultaneously separates the load-induced temperatures into the individual stress components, determines reliably the boundary stress and hence the stress concentration, and smooths the measured input data. Unlike prior capabilities of using geometrical symmetry to simply the stress function representation, the present analysis retains all the terms in the stress functions. Therefore, the considered hybrid stress analysis approach of such complex structures extends significantly the applicability of thermoelastic stress analysis compared to prior capabilities and is considered to be the most complicated formulation of the hybrid complex-variable method to date. To support the reliability of the present hybrid method, the results were compared with finite element predictions and previous results based on Mitchell solution.
Cognitive function and drivers of cognitive impairment in a European and a Korean cohort of people living with HIV
Authors: De Francesco Davide , Choi Jae-Phil , Choi Jun Y , van Zoest Rosan A , Underwood Jonathan , Schouten Judith , Ku Nam S , Kim Woo J , Reiss Peter , Sabin Caroline A , Winston Alan ,   On behalf of the ComorBidity in Relation to AIDS (COBRA) Collaboration and the Korean NeuroAIDS Project
Published: December 2019

Although cognitive impairments are still prevalent in the current antiretroviral therapy era, limited investigations have compared the prevalence of cognitive disorder in people living with HIV (PLWH) and its determinants in different regions and ethnicities. We compared cognitive performance across six domains using comparable batteries in 134 PLWH aged ≥45 years from the COBRA study (Netherlands, UK), and 194 PLWH aged ≥18 years from the NeuroAIDS Project (South Korea). Cognitive scores were standardized and averaged to obtain domain and global T-scores. Associations with global T-scores were evaluated using multivariable regression and the ability of individual tests to detect cognitive impairment (global T-score ≤45) was assessed using the area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUROC). The median (interquartile range) age of participants was 56 (51, 62) years in COBRA (88% white ethnicity, 93% male) and 45 (37, 52) years in NeuroAIDS (100% Korean ethnicity, 94% male). The rate of cognitive impairment was 18.8% and 18.0%, respectively ( p = 0.86). In COBRA, Black-African ethnicity was the factor most strongly associated with cognitive function (11.1 [7.7, 14.5] lower scores vs. white ethnicity, p < 0.01), whereas in NeuroAIDS, age (0.6 [0.1, 1.3] per 10-year, p<0.01) and education (0.7 [0.5, 0.9] per year, p<0.01) were significantly associated with cognitive function with anemia showing only a weak association (−1.2 [−2.6, 0.3], p=0.12). Cognitive domains most associated with cognitive impairment were attention (AUROC = 0.86) and executive function (AUROC = 0.87) in COBRA and processing speed (AUROC = 0.80), motor function (AUROC = 0.78) and language (AUROC = 0.78) in NeuroAIDS. Two cohorts of PLWH from different geographical regions report similar rates of cognitive impairment but different risk factors and cognitive profiles of impairment.
John Hatton’s manuscript record of the surgical and pathological lectures given by Joseph Jordan, FRCS, in 1837–1838
Authors: Mohr Peter D
Published: December 2019

John Hatton, LSA MRCS FRCS MD (1817–1871), was apprenticed from 1833 to Joseph Jordan, MRCS FRCS (1787–1873), a well-known Manchester surgeon. Jordan, who had been teaching anatomy since 1814, closed his Mount Street Medical School in 1834 and was elected as surgeon to the Manchester Royal Infirmary in 1835. He continued to lecture on surgery and surgical pathology at the Infirmary, and sometimes at the Pine Street Medical School run by Thomas Turner, LSA FRCS (1793–1873). During 1837–38 Hatton transcribed and illustrated these lectures in a bound manuscript and also added notes and drawings in his personal copy of The Dublin Dissector. He gained his Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries (LSA) in 1836 and Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) in 1839 and set up in Manchester as surgeon from around 1840. This paper is based on three previously unrelated documents in the University of Manchester Archives: a handwritten catalogue of specimens in Jordan’s Anatomy Museum, Hatton’s annotated copy of The Dublin Dissector and his manuscript record of Jordan’s lectures. These documents provide a valuable insight into medical education during the 1830s.
Situating moral distress within relational ethics
Authors: Deschenes Sadie , Kunyk Diane
Published: December 2019

Nurses may, and often do, experience moral distress in their careers. This is related to the complicated work environment and the complex nature of ethical situations in everyday nursing practice. The outcomes of moral distress may include psychological and physical symptoms, reduced job satisfaction and even inadequate or inappropriate nursing care. Moral distress can also impact retention of nurses. Although research has grown considerably over the past few decades, there is still a great deal about this topic that we do not know including how to deal well with moral distress. A critical key step is to develop a deeper understanding of relational practice as it pertains to moral distress. In this article, exploration of the experience of moral distress among nurses is guided by the key elements of relational ethics. This ethical approach was chosen because it recognizes that ethical practice is situated in relationships and it acknowledges the importance of the broader environment on influencing ethical action. The findings from this theoretical exploration will provide a theoretical foundation upon which to advance our knowledge about moral distress.
Catholic Church, Fishers and Negotiating Development: A Study on the Vizhinjam Port Project
Authors: Ashni A. L. , Santhosh R.
Published: December 2019

We examine the mobilisation and negotiation of a local community against the construction of a trans-shipment container terminal in Vizhinjam village in southern India. Initiated by the state and executed by the private capital, the project represents the wider pattern of developmental regimes characterised by accumulation by dispossession. Like several other fishing villages in southern Kerala, Vizhinjam has active associational forms of civil society, largely mediated as well as shaped by the Latin Catholic church. The common religious identity of these associational forms, however, failed to generate a consensus among the local community regarding the port project. Diverse positions emerged in the village due to different class formations and mobility aspirations of the population. The political atmosphere constrained the church from strongly opposing the project due to the fear of it being labelled ‘anti-national’, since the port project was projected as essential for the nation’s development and progress.
An Experiment in Feminist Technology in Local Governance: Revisiting the Question of ‘Invited Spaces’ of Participation in Kerala
Authors: Thampi Binitha V. , Kawlra Aarti
Published: December 2019

In this article, we foreground the potential for a space for collective deliberation and political subjectivities building among women leaders in local governance. We interrogate the Gramamukhya portal, which was initiated in 2011 and continued until 2015, as a democratic space to politicise the invited spaces of governance. Revisiting the question of women’s engagement in panchayati raj institutions in Kerala, we suggest that the practice of citizenship can become politically effective for women in governance if they use a platform that facilitates critical engagement from within and without the invited spaces of participation. This reflection becomes all the more significant given the contemporary political context of Kerala, where the women’s question is caught between developmentalist intentions of the state and right-wing political mobilisations at the grass-roots level.
India and China in South Asia: Bangladesh’s Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Yasmin Lailufar
Published: December 2019

The twentieth-century world order has been shaken and is being reinterpreted in different terms. The rise of China has been instrumental in such reshaping, which does not only affect the current global world order but also the region of South Asia, which has its own rising power—India. What are the choices of South Asian nations under the circumstances? This article seeks to ask. In this context, I choose to study Bangladesh. Bangladesh, the youngest South Asian nation, started its journey with a foreign policy assumption of its geographic limitation; that Bangladesh is locked by India on three sides with a small border with Myanmar and a southward opening towards the Bay of Bengal has made Bangladeshi experts call it an ‘India-locked’ nation. Despite such a pessimistic undertone, Bangladesh has emerged in the second decade of the twenty-first century as a country to be reckoned with. While I argue that for Bangladesh both India and China are of paramount significance, one must not forget that for both the countries, Bangladesh holds strategic significance not only due to its locational reality but also an array of other reasons. This article thus seeks to explore Bangladesh’s strengths and challenges in responding to India and China’s policies towards it and thus contribute to the understanding of the strategies of small powers towards big powers in a region. Certainly, in the light of a looming Asian century, this article also plans to chart the changing landscape of the larger international politics and concludes how an emergent South Asia and a small power like Bangladesh can play an instrumental role in it.
Why Young People Obey Private Security Guards? A Scenario-Based Study
Authors: Moreira Samuel , Cardoso Carla
Published: December 2019

Private security guards (PSG) are prominent social control agents in many contexts of youth attendance. However, studies about youth’s acceptance of PSG authority are scarce. In a scenario-based survey, this study examines youngsters’ compliance with three types of PSG requests and explores factors influencing compliance, particularly instrumental and normative ones. Findings from 631 high school students from the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto (Portugal) suggest that youth typically obey PSG requests, and that perceptions about the role of PSG in protecting public interests and normative judgments about these guards and their requests are important in shaping compliance. Interestingly, variations according to the type of demand are observed. Youth obey more and see their requests as more legitimate when those requests echo shared moral positions.
Mechanical behavior and pore integration density optimization of switchable hydrogel composite membranes
Authors: Ehrenhofer Adrian , Hahn Manfred , Hofmann Martin , Wallmersperger Thomas
Published: December 2019

Switchable hydrogel-layered composite membranes can be used for the analysis of particle size distributions. This functionality is provided by pores with controllable diameter. In order to obtain a device that can be used to measure the cell size distribution in native biological samples, lots of switchable pores are required. In the current work, we model and simulate the mechanical behavior of active composite membranes with switchable pores. This is done in order to find the maximum number of pores that can be integrated into a membrane without cross-influencing effects on the actuation of the pores. Therefore, we investigate (1) the interaction of active pores inside the multifunctional composite and (2) the membrane bending under microfluidic pressure load. We show that through miniaturization, sufficient pores can be added to a permeation control membrane for processing native blood samples. The envisioned device allows a parallelized measurement of cell sizes in a simple lab-on-a-chip setup.
Three-Dimensional Upper Airway Assessment in Treacher Collins Syndrome
Authors: Ribeiro Alexandre de Almeida , Smith Francis Joel , Nary Filho Hugo , Trindade Inge E. K. , Tonello Cristiano , Trindade-Suedam Ivy K.
Published: December 2019

Objectives:

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the pharyngeal dimensions and the craniofacial morphology of individuals with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) when compared to vertical skeletal class II individuals. It is our hypothesis that the upper airways of individuals with TCS are reduced in view of the skeletal pattern and the maxillomandibular dysmorphologies.

Materials and Methods:

Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 26 individuals had the pharyngeal volume (V) and minimal cross-sectional area (mCSA) evaluated. Study group (TCS) was formed by 13 scans of patients with TCS (7 males and 6 females; 20.2 ± 4.7 years). Control group (CG) assembled 13 scans of nonaffected individuals with the same type of skeletal pattern (2 males and 11 females; 26.6 ± 5.4 years). Cephalometric data of maxillomandibular position, maxillomandibular dimensions, and growth pattern were assessed. Statistical analysis ( P ≤ .05) included Student t test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results:

Although reduced, pharyngeal V and mCSA of TCS were not statistically different from the CG. On both groups, mCSA was mostly at the oropharyngeal level. Individuals with TCS presented retrognathic chin, reduced maxillomandibular dimensions, and increased clockwise rotation of the palatal plane. Maxillary and mandibular lengths were correlated with pharyngeal V and mCSA.

Conclusions:

The pharyngeal dimensions of individuals with TCS are impacted by the micrognathia and retrognathia. In association with the skeletal pattern, the reduction of the airways, although not statistically significant, may explain the increased prevalence of airways disorder in this syndrome.
Molecular Characterization of a Rare Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma With Rhabdomyosarcomatous Differentiation in a 24 Year Old
Authors: Olson Nicholas , Gularte-Mérida Rodrigo , Selenica Pier , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , Alemar Barbara , Weigelt Britta , Lefferts Joel , Linos Konstantinos
Published: December 2019

Aims. The aim of this study was to identify potential driver genetic alterations in a dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Methods and Results. A 24-year-old female underwent resection of an abdominal mass, which on a previous biopsy demonstrated rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation concerning for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Histologically the resected tumor displayed a high-grade sarcoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation in the background of well-differentiated liposarcoma consistent with DDLPS. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed MDM2 amplification, as did array-based copy number profiling. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a somatic FGFR1 hotspot mutation and RNA sequencing an LMNB2-MAP2K6 fusion only within the dedifferentiated component. Conclusions. This study represents an in-depth examination of a rare DDLPS with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation in a young individual. Additionally, it is also instructive of a potential pitfall when assessing for MDM2 amplification in small biopsies. Despite exhaustive analysis, mutation and gene copy number analysis did not identify any molecular events that would underlie the rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Our understanding of what causes some tumors to dedifferentiate as well as undergo divergent differentiation is limited, and larger studies are needed.
Three-Stage Masquelet Technique and One-Stage Reconstruction to Treat Foot and Ankle Tuberculosis
Authors: Qu Wenqiang , Wei Chi , Yu Li , Deng Yu , Fu Panfeng , Kang Zhe , Zhu Shaobo
Published: December 2019

Background:

The purpose of this article was to report the feasibility and effectiveness of 3-stage Masquelet technique and 1-stage operation for different stages of foot and ankle tuberculosis (TB).

Methods:

Ten consecutive patients with foot and ankle TB were retrospectively analyzed between January 2014 and December 2018. Five patients were treated with the 3-stage Masquelet technique, including thorough debridement with vacuum sealing drainage, implantation of antibiotic cement spacer, and subsequent reconstruction. Five patients were treated with a 1-stage reconstruction. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were recorded at the last follow-up. The follow-up was 30.3 ± 17.8 months.

Results:

No reactivation of TB was observed in any patients. For the 3-stage operation group, 1 patient developed a distal tibia fracture. The duration of anti-TB therapy was 12.0 ± 0.8 months. The AOFAS score increased from 39.5 ± 9.9 preoperatively to 75.3 ± 7.0 postoperatively ( P < .05). The VAS pain score decreased from 6.3 ± 1.9 to 1.5 ± 1.3 ( P < .05). For the 1-stage operation, 1 patient had wound necrosis. The duration of anti-TB therapy was 13.8 ± 1.1 months. The AOFAS score increased from 51.8 ± 15.0 to 81.8 ± 6.3 ( P < .05). The VAS pain score decreased from 5.4 ± 1.1 to 1.0 ± 0.7 ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Three-stage operation was effective for foot and ankle TB with stage IV, sinus tracts or other infections, and 1-stage reconstruction was effective for early-stage TBs.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Personal Income Taxation and College Major Choice: A Case Study of the 1986 Tax Reform Act
Authors: Gaastra Sieuwerd
Published: December 2019

This article evaluates whether changes in relative earnings across majors due to a federal tax reform are likely to affect college major choice. I first estimate the change in expected after-tax lifetime income due to the 1986 Tax Reform Act for 47 majors. I find that the average major experienced an increase in expected after-tax lifetime income of 6.2 percent and that the standard deviation of major-specific expected lifetime income premia increased by 6.1 percent. I estimate the impact of the change in relative earnings on the distribution of completed college majors, finding no statistically significant change in the composition of majors following the reform. Consistent with the estimation, simulations reveal that at most 0.25 percent of males completed a different major in response to the reform.