bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Chinatown’ and Global Operatic Knowledge
Authors: Liao Yvonne
Published: June 2020

In recent years opera studies have taken a distinctly global and migratory turn: Nancy Rao'sChinatown Opera Theateris a notable example. Rao's book sheds new light on the art form's transpacific networks, Cantonese immigrant communities and their highly racialised experience of everyday entertainment in early twentieth-century America, thereby ‘strip[ping] the veneer of exoticism from [southern] Chinese [i.e., Cantonese] opera, placing it firmly within the bounds of American music and a profoundly American experience’. Still more illuminating is Rao's focus on the Chinatown theatre companies, their contracting of touring performers and their role in transoceanic commerce. Woven into the book is an intimately connected narrative of Cantonese opera in the 1920s, encompassing San Francisco, Vancouver, New York, Honolulu and (to a lesser extent) Havana. The selection of these locations is no coincidence, given their significance in the interwar years as port cities linked within imperial steamship networks, amidst the part-conflicting, part-intersecting agenda of dominant and emergent empires (for instance, Japan and the United States, in the case of the latter).
Insights into stent implantation for coronary artery lesions caused by Kawasaki disease
Authors: Tsuda Etsuko
Published: June 2020

Fifty years have passed since the first report of Kawasaki disease in 1967, and the prevalence of acute coronary syndrome in Kawasaki disease patients with coronary artery lesions exceeding 40 years old has increased. Primary coronary stent implantation is currently an acceptable method in ischaemic coronary heart disease in adults. However, it is unknown whether the stent implantation is effective or not in this population. As the clue to answer this question, I reviewed the references on Kawasaki disease patients who underwent the stent implantations between 1997 and 2019. Thirty-three patients underwent stent implantations for 34 coronary arteries. Adverse effects in the late period were found in 19 (68%) of 28 vessels with follow-up angiograms. There were complete occlusion 9, restenosis 8, and migration 2. A new aneurysm formation was found in 7 (37%) among the 19 vessels, and 6 (86%) of the 7 vessels were drug-eluting stent and 5 were found after the procedure for chronic total occlusion. The adverse effects free-rate at 1 year and 3 years were 57 and 25%, respectively. At present, the usefulness of stent implantation in the long-term results was scarce. Even if primary percutaneous coronary intervention without a stent implantation is performed for acute coronary syndrome, it can be expected to maintain the patency of the culprit lesion for several years. It is better to avoid a stent implantation as long as possible in this population. Knowing the long-term efficacy and complications of stent implantations is important for deciding the procedure.
The Influence of A Cross‐Reef Channel On the Wave‐Driven Setup and Circulation at Ipan, Guam
Authors: Clark S. Jeanette , Becker Janet M. , Merrifield Mark A. , Behrens James
Published: June 2020

The influence of a deep (30 m), narrow (30 m) cross‐shore channel on the circulation and wave‐induced setup over a shallow (∼0.5 m) and wide (∼400 m) shore‐attached fringing reef is examined using field measurements collected at Ipan, Guam. Mean currents on the reef flat over a 7‐week study period during mid and high tides when the reef is submerged are directed toward the channel with the alongshore component of the current increasing with proximity to the channel. The cross‐shore component of the reef flat current is directed onshore at the sensors in the far‐field of the channel with a weak offshore flow at the current meter located closest to the channel (∼760 m to the north). Low‐frequency fluctuations of the alongshore reef flat current and offshore channel current are significantly correlated and with the incident significant wave height. Mean and low‐frequency fluctuating currents are forced by the spatially variable wave‐driven setup, modulated by tidal elevation, which creates a pressure gradient over the reef flat due to the channel where waves do not break. The dominant alongshore momentum balance on the reef flat is between the pressure gradient and bottom stress, with an inferred drag coefficient of CD ∼ 0.01. A simple analytical model is presented that is consistent with the observations and delineates the near‐ and far‐field of the channel as a function of the aspect ratio of the reef. Observations from a longer deployment of channel currents are highly correlated with incident wave height in distinct tidal level bands.
Improving Surface PM2.5 Forecasts in the United States Using an Ensemble of Chemical Transport Model Outputs: 1. Bias Correction With Surface Observations in Nonrural Areas
Authors: Zhang Huanxin , Wang Jun , García Lorena Castro , Ge Cui , Plessel Todd , Szykman James , Murphy Benjamin , Spero Tanya L.
Published: June 2020

This work is the first of a two‐part study that aims to develop a computationally efficient bias correction framework to improve surface PM2.5 forecasts in the United States. Here, an ensemble‐based Kalman filter (KF) technique is developed primarily for nonrural areas with approximately 500 surface observation sites for PM2.5 and applied to three (GEOS‐Chem, WRF‐Chem, and WRF‐CMAQ) chemical transport model (CTM) hindcast outputs for June 2012. While all CTMs underestimate daily surface PM2.5 mass concentration by 20–50%, KF correction is effective for improving each CTM forecast. Subsequently, two ensemble methods are formulated: (1) the arithmetic mean ensemble (AME) that equally weights each model and (2) the optimized ensemble (OPE) that calculates the individual model weights by minimizing the least‐square errors. While the OPE shows superior performance than the AME, the combination of either the AME or the OPE with a KF performs better than the OPE alone, indicating the effectiveness of the KF technique. Overall, the combination of a KF with the OPE shows the best results. Lastly, the Successive Correction Method (SCM) was applied to spread the bias correction from model grids with surface PM2.5 observations to the grids lacking ground observations by using a radius of influence of 125 km derived from surface observations, which further improves the forecast of surface PM2.5 at the national scale. Our findings provide the foundation for the second part of this study that uses satellite‐based aerosol optical depth (AOD) products to further improve the forecast of surface PM2.5 in rural areas by performing statistical analysis of model output.
A GeoHealth Response to a Geoscience Community Climate Change Position Statement
Authors: Rehr R. C. , Bandaragoda C. , Zaitchik B. F. , Wimberly M. C.
Published: June 2020

The American Geophysical Union (AGU) issues position statements reflecting the state of the science and scientific consensus. AGU position statements can be used to support public and institutional policy development, conversations with peers and policymakers, and formal and informal education. The recent climate change position statement, “Society Must Address the Growing Climate Crisis now,” provides important baseline information but lacks detail on critical climate and health impacts and actions for AGU and members. This commentary shares feedback from the AGU's GeoHealth Section and encourages members to use the AGU statement and engage in the comment process for other statements.
A Framework for Efficient Calculation of Photoionization and Photodetachment Rates With Application to the Lower Ionosphere
Authors: Janalizadeh Reza , Pasko Victor P.
Published: June 2020

A framework is developed to model photoionization of metals deposited in the lower ionosphere as a result of meteoric ablation and photodetachment of electrons from negative ions of the Earth's ionosphere due to sources of emission other than solar radiation. A wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum including cases of negligible, moderate, and significant absorption of radiation is considered. We limit our scope to the radiation transport through lower ionospheric regions, in case when molecular oxygen, O2, is considered as the main absorber of radiation as photoabsorption due to ozone is only effective at stratospheric altitudes and molecular nitrogen, N2, is transparent to radiation with wavelengths longer than ∼100 nm. We model photon transport in an exponential atmosphere and derive efficient differential representations of the problem in case of negligible photoabsorption and constant pressure approximations. Photoabsorption asymmetry in the atmosphere is demonstrated in case of photons with absorption scales comparable to the scale height of the atmosphere. The application of the model to photoionization in the lower ionosphere is demonstrated by considering photoionization of meteoric species due to photons of the Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) band system of N2 observed in the aurora and in the lightning‐induced transient luminous events. Furthermore, we model detachment of electrons from negative ions of the ionosphere due to the first positive and the second positive band systems of N2, and the first negative band system of N
, also observed in the sources mentioned above.
Oestrogen receptor pathway activity is associated with outcome in endometrial cancer
Authors: van Weelden Willem Jan , van der Putten Louis J. M. , Inda Márcia A. , van Brussel Anne , Snijders Marc P. L. M. , Schriever Lisanne M. M. , Bulten Johan , Massuger Leon F. A. G. , van de Stolpe Anja , Pijnenborg Johanna M. A.
Published: June 2020

Background

Oestrogen receptor (ER) expression is a prognostic biomarker in endometrial cancer (EC). However, expression does not provide information about the functional activity of the ER pathway. We evaluated a model to quantify ER pathway activity in EC, and determined the prognostic relevance of ER pathway activity.

Methods

ER pathway activity was measured in two publicly available datasets with endometrial and EC tissue, and one clinical cohort with 107 samples from proliferative and hyperplastic endometrium and endometrioid-type EC (EEC) and uterine serous cancer (USC). ER pathway activity scores were inferred from ER target gene mRNA levels from Affymetrix microarray data (public datasets), or measured by qPCR on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples (clinical cohort) and related to ER expression and outcome.

Results

ER pathway activity scores differed significantly throughout the menstrual cycle supporting the validity of the pathway test. The highest ER pathway scores were found in proliferative and hyperplastic endometrium and stage I EEC, whereas stage II–IV EEC and USCs had significantly lower levels. Low ER pathway activity was associated with recurrent disease, and added prognostic value in patients with low ER expression.

Conclusion

The ER pathway test reflects activity of the ER pathway, and may improve prediction of outcome in EC patients.
Chronic in vivo exposure to Helicobacter pylori VacA: Assessing the efficacy of automated and long-term intragastric toxin infusion
Authors: Holland Robin L. , Bosi Kristopher D. , Harpring Gregory H. , Luo Jiayi , Wallig Matthew , Phillips Heidi , Blanke Steven R.
Published: June 2020

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) secrete VacA, a diffusible pore-forming exotoxin that is epidemiologically linked to gastric disease in humans. In vitro studies indicate that VacA modulates gastric epithelial and immune cells, but the in vivo contributions of VacA as an important determinant of Hp colonization and chronic infection remain poorly understood. To identify perturbations in the stomachs of C57BL/6 or BALB/C mice that result specifically from extended VacA exposure, we evaluated the efficacy of administering purified toxin using automated infusion via surgically-implanted, intragastric catheters. At 3 and 30 days of interrupted infusion, VacA was detected in association with gastric glands. In contrast to previously-reported tissue damage resulting from short term exposure to Hp extracts administered by oral gavage, extended infusion of VacA did not damage stomach, esophageal, intestinal, or liver tissue. However, several alterations previously reported during Hp infection were detected in animals infused with VacA, including reduction of the gastric mucus layer, and increased vacuolation of parietal cells. VacA infusion invoked an immune response, as indicated by the detection of circulating VacA antibodies. These foundational studies support the use of VacA infusion for identifying gastric alterations that are unambiguously attributable to long-term exposure to toxin.
Destructive reverse bias pinning in perovskite/silicon tandem solar modules caused by perovskite hysteresis under dynamic shading
Authors: Qian Jiadong , Ernst Marco , Walter Daniel , Mahmud Md Arafat , Hacke Peter , Weber Klaus , Al-Jassim Mowafak , Blakers Andrew
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate how perovskite hysteresis can result in permanent reductions in power output in perovskite/silicon tandem modules—including irreversible hotspot-induced damage—from only brief periods of shading.
Rapid and nondestructive determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) content in wheat using multispectral imaging (MSI) technology with chemometric methods
Authors: Shi Yule , Liu Wei , Zhao Pengguang , Liu Changhong , Zheng Lei
Published: June 2020

Wheat is susceptible to contamination by deoxynivalenol (DON) which is regarded as a class III carcinogen.
N-doped 3D porous carbon materials derived from hierarchical porous IRMOF-3 using a citric acid modulator: fabrication and application in lithium ion batteries as anode materials
Authors: Zheng Xin , Jiang Keliang , Zhang Linlin , Wang Cheng
Published: June 2020

N-doped 3D porous carbon nanostructured materials exhibiting excellent lithium storage capacity and cycling stability when used as anode materials for LIBs were fabricated by calcinating hierarchical porous IRMOF-3 materials.
A synthetic guide to alkynyl sulfides
Authors: Santandrea Jeffrey , Godin Eric , Collins Shawn K.
Published: June 2020

Alkynyl sulfides can be prepared via dehydrohalogenation, nucleophilic and electrophilic thiol alkynylation and catalytic Csp–S bond formation. Each method presents certain advantages and limitations.
Rare-earth based nanomaterials and their composites as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors: a review
Authors: Liang Shunfei , Wang Huayu , Li Yang , Qin Huizhen , Luo Ziyang , Huang Biao , Zhao Xun , Zhao Chenglan , Chen Lingyun
Published: June 2020

In this review, we present recent reports on various rare-earth based nanomaterials and their composites for SCs and some challenges in the future.
Photomediated post-fabrication modification of azlactone-functionalized gels for the development of hydrogel actuators
Authors: Fitzgerald Emily R. , Mineo Autumn M. , Pryor Mae L. , Buck Maren E.
Published: June 2020

Photomediated post-fabrication modification of reactive, azlactone-functionalized gels results in chemical gradients that facilitate fast and reversible, pH-responsive shape deformations.
Controlling the visible-light driven photocatalytic activity of alloyed ZnSe–AgInSe2 quantum dots for hydrogen production
Authors: Hsieh Ping-Yen , Kameyama Tatsuya , Takiyama Takayuki , Masuoka Ko , Yamamoto Takahisa , Hsu Yung-Jung , Torimoto Tsukasa
Published: June 2020

Alloyed ZnSe–AgInSe2 quantum dots were used as a photocatalyst for H2 production, showing an apparent quantum yield of 3.4% at 600 nm.
Phonetic Implementation of Prosodic Emphasis in Preschool-Aged Children and Adults: Probing the Development of Sensorimotor Speech Goals
Authors: Ménard Lucie , Prémont Amélie , Trudeau-Fisette Pamela , Turgeon Christine , Tiede Mark
Published: June 2020

Objective

We aimed to investigate the production of contrastive emphasis in French-speaking 4-year-olds and adults. Based on previous work, we predicted that, due to their immature motor control abilities, preschool-aged children would produce smaller articulatory differences between emphasized and neutral syllables than adults.

Method

Ten 4-year-old children and 10 adult French speakers were recorded while repeating /bib/, /bub/, and /bab/ sequences in neutral and contrastive emphasis conditions. Synchronous recordings of tongue movements, lip and jaw positions, and speech signals were made. Lip positions and tongue shapes were analyzed; formant frequencies, amplitude, fundamental frequency, and duration were extracted from the acoustic signals; and between-vowel contrasts were calculated.

Results

Emphasized vowels were higher in pitch, intensity, and duration than their neutral counterparts in all participants. However, the effect of contrastive emphasis on lip position was smaller in children. Prosody did not affect tongue position in children, whereas it did in adults. As a result, children's productions were perceived less accurately than those of adults.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that 4-year-old children have not yet learned to produce hypoarticulated forms of phonemic goals to allow them to successfully contrast syllables and enhance prosodic saliency.
Parkinson Disease Bootcamp: An Education Program for Individuals With Parkinson Disease and Their Families
Authors: Parveen Sabiha
Published: June 2020

Purpose

A strong social support system for individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) and their families often include awareness of existing resources, involvement in the community, and access to supportive relationships. Community-based education programs are one such avenue for building a strong social support system and improving the quality of life of people with PD and their family members. This viewpoint article presents the conceptualization and efficacy of a 3-day multidisciplinary educational program for individuals with PD and their families.

Method

A total of 52 people attended the event, including individuals with PD and their family members. The 3-day event included presentations by different health care professionals and activities aimed to increase the knowledge of individuals with PD and their families regarding possible effects of PD and available resources within the local community.

Results

A vast majority of participants shared extremely positive responses and expressed a strong interest in attending similar events in the future.

Conclusion

The success of the educational program led to new partnerships and the creation of community-based programs for individuals with PD and their families.
Design and analysis of a novel overload current estimation method for traditional miniature circuit breaker
Authors: Lv Sen , Zong Ming , Yu Siyang
Published: June 2020

The power grid is developing towards intelligence. Therefore, as important electrical equipment of the power grid, miniature circuit breaker (MCB) should need to meet the requirements of the smart grid for terminal apparatuses. However, because the bending process of bimetal widely used in MCB overload protection is dispersive, which is difficult to realise electronisation, it is urgent to study the intelligent algorithm of MCB to protect the power grid well. For this purpose, a current calculation method based on temperature rise caused by load current of traditional non‐communicable MCB is proposed in this study. Compared with the present current calculation method, there is no iron core saturation problem even in the case of a huge load current. Also, in order to solve the problem of long time delay for stable temperature rise, a recursive algorithm that can rapidly calculate stable temperature rise is proposed. Furthermore, the current can be calculated rapidly. The influence of the initial temperature rise on the current calculation is also taken into account in the proposed algorithm. The simulation and experiment results show that the speed of stable temperature rise obtained by the recursive algorithm can meet the requirement of overload protection, and the error of calculating current is less than 5%.
Improved control strategy for Cuk converter assisted wind‐driven SEIG for DC nanogrid
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Mukkapati Ashok Bhupathi Kumar , Krishnasamy Vijayakumar , Kaur Rajvir , Chitti Babu B.
Published: June 2020

In this study, the current mode control strategy for a Cuk converter assisted self‐excited induction generator‐based wind energy conversion system (WECS) for DC nanogrid is proposed. The sliding mode controller (SMC) is a non‐linear controller and, is preferred because of good static and dynamic response for input ‐output disturbance rejections. However, the knowledge of all the state variables is required, which increases the number of sensors and control complexity. To reduce the number of sensors, reduced‐order SMC (ROSMC) can be implemented. Conventionally design of the voltage loop in ROSMC does not consider the uncertainty of the control parameter. However, the accuracy of the control signal generated by the ROSMC also depends on how accurately the reference current is generated. Therefore, a genetic algorithm tuned PI controller is proposed to generate the ripple‐free reference current. Artificial intelligence assisted ROSMC (AIROSMC) is proposed because of its advantages over SMC, which are a reduced number of sensors, improved dynamic response and easy implementation. The extensive simulation study is carried in MATLAB\Simulink for comparative analysis of fixed frequency SMC, two variable SMC, ROSMC, and AIROSMC. The harmonic spectrum analysis is carried out to justify the selection of DBR instead of the controlled rectifier.
Broadband polarisation reconfigurable antenna based on crossed dipole and parasitic elements for LTE/sub‐6GHz 5G and WLAN applications
Authors: Jin Guiping , Li Long , Wang Wei , Liao Shaowei
Published: June 2020

Broadband polarisation reconfigurable antenna based on crossed dipole and parasitic elements is proposed in this study, which can switch among three polarisation modes, i.e. linear polarisation, left‐hand circular polarisation and right‐hand circular polarisation. The proposed antenna consists of two crossed dipoles fed by a 3/4 square ring, two microstrip feeding elements etched at the centre of the upper and lower sides of the dielectric substrate, and three sets of microstrip parasitic elements helping broaden the axial‐ratio (AR) bandwidth. Four PIN diodes are embedded between each crossed dipole and the microstrip feeding element, which enable the polarisation reconfigurability. The working principle of polarisation reconfigurability is analysed in detail. The measured results show that the proposed antenna has a −10 dB overlapped impedance bandwidth of 63.5% (2.04–3.94GHz) and the 3 dB overlapped AR bandwidth is about 54.5% (2.4–4.2GHz), resulting in a wide overall bandwidth of 48.6% (2.40–3.94GHz). Besides, the measured peak gain of this antenna reaches up to 8.5 dBi. The proposed antenna can be a good candidate for 2.45GHz WiFi, LTE 4G, and sub‐6GHz 5G applications.
LiDAR based urban vegetation mapping as a basis of green infrastructure planning
Authors: Pyszny Krzysztof , Sojka Mariusz , Wróżyński Rafał
Published: June 2020

Planning green infrastructure in the cities is a challenging task for planners and city managers. Developing multifunctional green space systems provide many benefits including: increasing water retention, mitigating urban heat island effect, microclimate regulation, reducing air, water and noise pollution and conservation biodiversity. The greenery in the city also have an impact on human health. The paper presents the possibilities of using LiDAR data mapping vegetation density in urban areas on the example of Gorzów Wielkopolski (Poland). Maps made as a result of processing the point clouds obtained from airborne laser scanning represents the most accurate, comprehensive and detailed assessment of Gorzów Wielkopolski vegetation cover to date and establishes the baseline for greenery governance and planning of green infrastructure in the city.
Comparing strategies for improving thermal performance of an existing district heating (DH) network: low temperature DH in Omsk, Russia
Authors: Chicherin Stanislav , Junussova Lyazzat , Junussov Timur , Junussov Chingiz
Published: June 2020

In Russia district heating (DH) systems are characterized by the high wear-out rate of key facilities, particularly energy distribution networks and plants, the inadequate reliability of operation, significant heat losses, and the polluting impact on the environment. The objective of this paper is to indicate the feasibility and advantage of the renovation on a traditional high-temperature DH network. All the calculations are performed in Zulu©, Russian commercial software for simulation of a district energy system’s behavior. Reference operational data for the DH system was obtained from database established by the local heat supply company in the form of Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet file. The second idea (Case-2) envisages installing a heat pump and increasing the supply temperature in peak load periods during the heating season to limit a size of a heat pump. Case-3 and -4 are related to installing in-room terminal units and operating the system ‘as is’ respectively. Terminal units include consoles, fan-coils, blower coils, furnaces, chimneys, and radiant panels. The fifth option introduces low temperature district heating (LTDH) concept representing a paradigm shift in DH development and features a low supply temperature and smart control. When designing all errors should be less than local regulations allowable for each object. Presented research revealed that the issue of modernisation in Omsk, Russia cannot be easily and clear resolved. The future state-determination of results of DH network retrofitting is innovatively proposed in this paper.
Comparisons of spectrally resolved nightglow emission locally simulated with space and ground level observations
Authors: Bellisario Christophe , Simoneau Pierre , Keckhut Philippe , Hauchecorne Alain
Published: June 2020

A mesospheric model of the airglow emission is developed to recover the night variations observed at ground level. The model is based on a 1D vertical photochemical model, including the photodissociation and heating processes. The spectral radiation is calculated at high altitude and propagated through the atmosphere to the ground. We also include short scale vertical dynamic such as turbulences and the molecular diffusion. Simulations reveal realistic emissions when compared with space observations. In addition, we estimate the impact of changes associated with parameterized atmospheric tides. The comparison with observations is performed over high altitude and ground level. We confront the model outputs at high altitude with satellite observations (SABER and GOMOS) and the simulations propagated at ground level are compared to local measurements campaigns performed in France and India. Biases between observed and simulated radiances and volume emission rates are suspected to be due to the impact of gravity waves or the large scale dynamic.
Corneal Endothelial Decompensation
Authors: Gupta Kishan , Deng Sophie X.
Published: June 2020

Endothelial decompensation can occur from a variety of insults to the endothelium that result in loss of stromal clarity. Direct insults to the endothelium commonly occur in inherited, inflammatory, traumatic, immunological, and infectious etiologies. These injuries may cause transient injury without decompensation, but repetitive injury or severe isolated injury can lead to permanent non-compensatory endothelial cell loss. Elevated intraocular pressure can induce stromal hydration, either primarily or secondarily. With partial and full thickness corneal transplants, chronic endothelial dysfunction can be treated surgically when medical therapy proves inadequate. Practitioners should be aware of the underlying causes for corneal endothelial injury.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome Treated with Homoeopathy—A Case Report
Authors: Parveen Suraia
Published: June 2020

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is an acute superficial blistering skin disorder caused by the exfoliative toxins produced by gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus which predominantly affects children and neonates and can cause serious morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of SSSS is based on clinical findings and requires prompt medical treatment with proper hygiene and adequate diet to achieve successful result. Here, a case of a two and half years old girl is presented with a blistering skin syndrome for past 2 days without taking any conventional medicinal treatment. It was treated successfully with individualised homoeopathic medicines Rhus toxicodendron with dilution 50 millesimal potency 4 (Rhus tox 0/4) with supportive care. Within 6 days of treatment, the patient responded well to the homoeopathy medicine. All the symptoms and signs of staphylococcal skin blister lesions were healed completely within 10 days of treatment without development of any complications and recurrence. Homoeopathy treatment has a positive curative effect in bacterial blister skin lesions. This case report represents an alternative for the treatment of SSSS.
A acetabularização como fator protetor na artropatia do manguito rotador
Authors: Esteves Leonardo Roure , Andreoli Carlos Vicente , de Figueiredo Eduardo Antonio , Belangero Paulo Santoro , Pochini Alberto de Castro , Ejnisman Benno
Published: June 2020

Objetivo Verificar se os ombros com acetabularização têm melhores resultados funcionais nos casos de artropatia do manguito rotador.

Métodos Avaliação transversal clínica e radiológica de 65 ombros com artropatia do manguito rotador por meio da mensuração da amplitude de movimento (ADM) do ombro, do escore de Constant-Murley, e das classificações radiológicas de Hamada e Seebauer. Os achados clínicos foram comparados com os radiográficos.

Resultados Segundo a classificação de Seebauer, com relação à ADM, observamos melhores resultados nos tipos A. Houve diferença estatística significativa na elevação anterior, e rotação medial entre os tipos A e B (p < 0.05). A rotação lateral não demonstrou diferença estatística significativa entre os tipos A e B. O escore de Constant-Murley apresentou melhores resultados nos tipos A, e houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos A e B (p < 0,05). Segundo a classificação de Hamada, observamos que a ADM teve melhores resultados nos tipos 3, 2 e 1, e houve diferença estatística significativa para a elevação anterior e a rotação medial (p < 0,05) quando comparadas com os grupos 4A, 4B e 5. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos de Hamada em relação à rotação lateral. Ainda segundo Hamada, o escore de Constant-Murley apresentou melhores resultados nos tipos 3, 1 e 2, e houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos 3 e 5.

Conclusão A ADM e a função do ombro apresentavam-se melhores nos pacientes com acetabularização (Seebauer 1A e Hamada 3), e piores naqueles com artrose glenoumeral (Seebauer 1B, 2B e Hamada 4A, 4B e 5).
Acetábulo de dupla mobilidade na artroplastia total do quadril. A experiência de um hospital universitário
Authors: Almeida Raul Frankllim Carvalho
Published: June 2020

Objetivo Avaliar a incidência de instabilidade protética em uma série consecutiva de 42 casos de artroplastia total do quadril com uso do acetábulo de dupla mobilidade.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 39 pacientes que passaram por artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ) primária ou de revisão usando taça de dupla mobilidade (TDM) acetabular entre janeiro de 2012 e janeiro de 2018. Foram avaliadas as taxas de complicações e de instabilidade após a cirurgia.

Resultados Foram feitas 42 artroplastias em 38 pacientes, com um seguimento mínimo de 16 meses. A média de idade da amostra foi de 60 anos. Em 38 casos, usamos TDM sem cimento, e nos outros 4 casos, TDM cimentada. Não houve instabilidade precoce ou tardia.

Conclusão A série aqui apresentada prova o bom resultado da TDM em artroplastias primárias, casos complexos e complicados de falha de osteossíntese de fratura proximal do fêmur, e cirurgia de revisão por instabilidade na ATQ. A falta de episódios de instabilidade prostética e complicações em casos complexos de ATQ primária ou de revisão aumentou a confiança nesse conceito.
Preoperative Statin Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation and Renal Failure after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kuhn Elmar W. , Liakopoulos Oliver J. , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Rahmanian Parwis , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Slottosch Ingo , Deppe Antje Christin , Wahlers Thorsten C.W.
Published: June 2020

Background Performing cardiac surgery in patients with cardiovascular risk factors incorporates a steady risk for the development of postoperative complications. Perioperative statin intake was associated with an improvement of perioperative outcomes in these patients. However, the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery guidelines regarding the perioperative statin treatment were changed recently due to large studies reporting about relevant adverse effects related to statin therapy.

Methods All relevant databases were searched including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials. Various registries were screened (National Research Register, the ClinicalTrials.gov, and gray literature) with search on online conference indices of relevant scientific meetings. No language restrictions were applied.

Results We identified 10 randomized controlled studies summarizing 3,468 participants undergoing various kinds of cardiac surgical procedures. All included studies presented with marked differences regarding study design. Pooled analysis indicated that statin pretreatment was associated with a formally reduced incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) (odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–1.00; p = 0.05) but with an increased incidence of renal failure (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01–1.44; p = 0.04) compared with control. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among studies reporting about AF.

Conclusion Current but sparse evidence reveals that statin pretreatment is associated with a higher rate of postoperative renal failure compared with control therapy but is ineffective to substantially reduce postoperative AF. Given the relevant heterogeneity among included studies, statin pretreatment cannot be generally recommended.
Arthroscopic Resection of Wrist Scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) Joint Ganglia
Authors: Chai Ho Lam , Pérez Cabello Álvaro , Yu Wai Ping Fiona , Ho Pak Cheong
Published: June 2020

Background Volar wrist ganglion is the second most common wrist mass and accounts for 20% of all cases. Surgery is the gold standard for persistent and symptomatic ganglia. Arthroscopic resection has gained popularity in the past two decades. Application of this technique to ganglia in less accessible locations, such as the scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) joint, however, remains controversial.

Case Description To date, no literature has described using the STT -ulnar (STT-u) and STT -radial (STT-r) joint portals for ganglionic resection.

Literature Review In this report, two cases of arthroscopic ganglionic resection utilizing the STT-u and STT-r joint portals at our institution were described.

Clinical Relevance Arthroscopic resection of STT joint ganglion under portal site local anesthesia is a technically feasible, safe, and effective approach. There was no recurrence observed for both cases at 50 months of follow-up.
Predicting Adverse Events beyond Stroke and Bleeding with the ABC-Stroke and ABC-Bleeding Scores in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The Murcia AF Project
Authors: Camelo-Castillo Anny , Rivera-Caravaca José Miguel , Marín Francisco , Vicente Vicente , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Roldán Vanessa
Published: June 2020

Background The ABC (age, biomarkers, and clinical history)-stroke and ABC-bleeding are biomarker-based scores proposed to predict stroke and bleeding, but non-specificity of biomarkers is common, predicting different clinical events at the same time. We assessed the predictive performance of the ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores, for outcomes beyond ischemic stroke and major bleeding, in a cohort of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.

Methods We included AF patients stable on vitamin K antagonists for 6 months. The ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding were calculated and the predictive values for myocardial infarction (MI), acute heart failure (HF), a composite of cardiovascular events, and all-cause deaths were compared.

Results We included 1,044 patients (49.2% male; median age 76 [71–81] years). During 6.5 (4.3–7.9) years, there were 58 (5.6%) MIs, 98 (9.4%) acute HFs, 167 (16%) cardiovascular events, and 418 (40%) all-cause deaths. There were no differences in mean ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores in patients with/without MI (p = 0.367 and p = 0.286, respectively); both scores were higher in patients with acute HF, cardiovascular events, or death (all p < 0.05). Predictive performances for the ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores were similar, ranging from “poor” for MI (c-indexes ∼0.54), “moderate” for acute HF and cardiovascular events (c-indexes ∼0.60 and ∼0.64, respectively), and “good” for all-cause mortality (c-indexes > 0.70). Clinical usefulness whether assessed by ABC-stroke or ABC-bleeding was similar for various primary endpoints.

Conclusion In AF patients, the ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores demonstrated similar predictive ability for outcomes beyond stroke and bleeding, including MI, acute HF, a composite of cardiovascular events, and all-cause deaths. This is consistent with nonspecificity of biomarkers that predict “sick” patients or poor prognosis overall.
Cavity mode manipulation of a bottle microresonator with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: June 2020

The precise deposition of single gold nanoparticles onto the surface of a bottle microresonator appears to be a simple method to manipulate cavity modes.
Dear friends, traitors and filthy dogs
Authors: Vasilaki Maria
Published: June 2020

A growing line of research focuses on users’ discussions on social networking sites regarding the causes and consequences of the Greek crisis, as well as on online impoliteness in polarised political debates. Following this trend, I set out to examine how vocatives meant to address non-present interactants (such as politicians or collectivised others) are employed by Greek Facebook and YouTube users to delegitimate their perceived political opponents and attribute blame for the country’s problematic politico-economic situation. I am focusing both on standardly impolite vocatives (personalised negative vocatives) and on superficially polite vocatives (vocatives of mock-endearment and mock-deference), examining their structure and purpose in comments discussing the critical period of the 2015 Greek referendum and subsequent elections. Findings suggest that users exploit norms of standardised politeness and cultural expectations within the Greek interactional context to denigrate their political opponents. Additionally, capitalising on salient discourses on the Greek crisis and on the Greek historical past, on the political content of their discussions, and on the affordances of social media, they take advantage of taboo themes typically associated with impoliteness to name the culprits behind the troublesome everyday Greek reality.
Productive phonological bootstrapping in early EFL of 4th-graders in German primary schools
Authors: Kieseier Teresa
Published: June 2020

It has been suggested that learners can use their phonological knowledge receptively in other linguistic domains,
for instance to support lexical acquisition, a process referred to as “phonological bootstrapping” (Christophe et al., 1997). However, research on productive phonological processes in early foreign
language acquisition has been rare. The present study addresses this gap and shows that phonology functions as a deliberate
productive resource to compensate for lexical limitations in early foreign language acquisition. 184 4th grade students learning
English at German primary schools were asked to tell a picture story in English. Findings show that the majority of learners use a
strategy we name “productive phonological bootstrapping” to fill lexical gaps by adapting German items to the English sound
system. Similar phonological phenomena as in other language contact domains occur in a combination with manipulations based on
differences between German and English, suggesting an interplay of universal and language-specific processes.
Differential Object Marking in the speech of children learning Basque and
Spanish
Authors: Austin Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Basque speakers use dative case and agreement with animate,
specific direct objects, a pattern that has been argued to be an instance of
contact-induced Differential Object Marking (DOM) stemming from contact with
the leísta dialect of Spanish spoken in the Basque Autonomous Community.
This study compares the oral production of DOM in Basque and in Spanish by
bilingual and monolingual children and by adults. While the bilingual
children produced few tokens of DOM in Spanish, both bilingual and
monolingual children used DOM in Basque more frequently than adults. In
addition, bilingual children produced DOM at the same age in both Basque and
Spanish, but at an earlier age in Basque than monolingual children do,
suggesting that bilingualism in Spanish may accelerate the use of DOM in
Basque. The implications of these findings for grammatical innovations
driven by language contact are discussed.
The distribution of Differential Object Marking in L1 and L2 River Plate
Spanish
Authors: Judy Tiffany , Iverson Michael
Published: June 2020

This study examines Differential Object Marking (DOM) in native
and largely naturalistic near-native L2 River Plate Spanish speakers (L1
Persian). Persian and Spanish mark certain direct objects (DO). Most
syntactic descriptions of Spanish claim [+animate,+specific] DOs are marked
while in Persian, all specific DOs are marked regardless of animacy. Native
(n = 23) and L2 speakers (n = 8)
completed a Grammaticality Judgment Task with correction
(n = 48 experimental tokens) manipulating animacy and
specificity with marked and unmarked DOs. Individual level results show
divergence from conventional syntactic descriptions, and some native
speakers also produced corrected sentences traditionally considered
ungrammatical in Spanish (e.g. DOM with inanimate DOs). Since the L2
speakers did not indiscriminately accept all specific marked DOs, L1
transfer alone cannot explain their results.
Animacy hierarchy effects on L2 processing of Differential Object
Marking
Authors: Sagarra Nuria , Bel Aurora , Sánchez Liliana
Published: June 2020

Studies on L2 processing of Differential Object Marking (DOM) are
scant and mostly focus on the animacy of the object. We investigated the
interaction of three understudied factors in L1 and L2 processing of DOM:
type of animacy (human vs. non-human animal), gender and number of the
object (masculine vs. feminine, plural vs. singular), and morphological
salience of the DOM marker (e.g., al bound/less salient vs.
a unbound/more salient). Forty-three Spanish
monolinguals and 81 English learners of Spanish (39 intermediate, 42
advanced) completed a self-paced reading task with subject relative clauses
(RCs) containing DPs with singular and plural human or animal direct object
nouns. Results showed that L2 learners’ sensitivity to animacy hierarchy
differences is possible in cognitively easy conditions (unbound DOM,
masculine gender). These findings inform current L2 representational and
processing models, and stress the value of examining multiple factors to
fully understand the complexity of DOM.
Comprehension of Differential Object Marking by Hindi heritage
speakers
Authors: Bhatia Archna , Montrul Silvina
Published: June 2020

We investigated the comprehension of Differential Object Marking
(DOM) in Hindi heritage speakers who are second generation immigrants in the
United States. In Hindi, DOM is marked with the postposition
-ko, which is also a marker of dative case with
indirect objects. Studies of Hindi heritage speakers have found omission of
-ko with animate, specific direct objects in oral
production and that speakers find omitted –ko acceptable in
the same contexts in judgment tasks. The present study assessed whether the
vulnerability of DOM in heritage grammars is also measurable at the level of
auditory and written comprehension. In addition, we investigate whether
accuracy with the comprehension of DOM relates to quantity and quality of
input by controlling for age of onset of bilingualism. Thirty-eight young
adult heritage speakers, 23 adult immigrants from India, and 43 Hindi
speakers in India (all Hindi-English bilinguals) completed an off-line
written/auditory sentence comprehension task with pictures. The results show
that Hindi speakers from India and the Hindi immigrants performed largely at
ceiling, whereas some heritage speakers had difficulty with DOM in
comprehension.
Differential Object Marking in Romanian as a heritage language
Authors: Montrul Silvina , Bateman Nicoleta
Published: June 2020

This cross-generational study investigated the potential
vulnerability of DOM in the oral production of Romanian heritage speakers as
a function of age of onset of bilingualism (simultaneous vs. sequential
bilinguals). In Romanian DOM marking generally co-exists with accusative
clitic doubling (CD). Fifty-two Romanian speakers in Romania, 32 Romanian
immigrants who arrived to the US after age 18, and 29 heritage speakers of
Romanian completed a written proficiency test and an oral narrative task.
The results showed that DOM is vulnerable to erosion in heritage speakers of
Romanian, and those speakers who omit DOM also omit CD. Age of onset of
bilingualism modulated DOM and CD omission in heritage speakers:
simultaneous bilinguals made more errors with DOM and CD than sequential
bilinguals. The Romanian immigrants did not show attrition of DOM.
Over-sensitivity to the animacy constraint on DOM in low proficient Turkish heritage speakers
Authors: Krause Elif , Roberts Leah
Published: June 2020

This study investigated knowledge of a semantics-morphosyntax
interface phenomenon in Turkish-German heritage bilingual speakers: optional
accusative case marking on indefinite direct objects, an instance of
Differential Object Marking (DOM), in Turkish and its interaction with the
animacy of the direct object argument. We investigated whether the non-DOM
language German, has an influence on the DOM-language Turkish in Turkish
heritage bilingual speakers whose dominant language is German. The results
of an acceptability judgment task show no cross crosslinguistic influence
from the dominant German; the results reveal instead a sensitivity to
animacy level of the indefinite direct objects, since heritage speakers make
finer animacy distinctions compared to the monolingual Turkish speakers. The
study also shows that proficiency level in Turkish contributes to DOM
accuracy in the bilingual speakers.
Acquisition of Differential Object Marking in Korean
Authors: Chung Eun Seon
Published: June 2020

The present chapter investigated whether Differential Object
Marking (DOM) in Korean can be subject to the same generalizations made for
acquisition of DOM in other languages – the early target-like use of DOM by
monolingual children in contrast to variability and incomplete knowledge of
second language (L2) and heritage language (HL) learners. The main findings
of the two studies reported in this chapter largely correspond to such
generalizations, although there were important differences. While native
Korean children and HL learners showed notable similarities with native
adult controls, L2 learners integrated relevant factors in a divergent
manner. Such findings indicate that early exposure to aural naturalistic
input plays a key role in the acquisition of the Korean DOM system.