bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MORELLIA HORTENSIA (WIEDEMANN), A NEW LIVESTOCK FLY IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Ferrar P.
Published: April 2007

Morellia hortensia, a fly not previously known from Australia, was found to be infesting livestock over much of northern Australia. Dissections showed that blood was present in the gut more frequently than in another livestock‐infesting fly, Musca fergusoni, and it is suggested that Morellia uses prestomal teeth on the proboscis to draw blood from soft tissue. Field observations were made on adults feeding on livestock, and breeding in cow dung, and the immature stages are briefly described and illustrated. The species shows similarities in habit to the face fly of North America, but is probably only a minor pest of livestock. The possible history of its introduction to Australia is discussed.
OCCURRENCE OF THE LUNGLESS SPIDER MICROPHOLCOMMA CROSBY AND BISHOP IN SOUTH‐WEST, WESTERN AUSTRALIA (ARANEAE: SYMPHYTOGNATHIDAE)
Authors: Main Barbara York
Published: April 2007

The collection of two species of lungless spiders, Micropholcomma longissimum (Butler) and M. bryophilum (Butler) from south‐west Western Australia is recorded. Biogeographic significance of the distribution of this genus is mentioned.
AN AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF HELORUS LATREILLE (HYMENOPTERA: HELORIDAE)
Authors: New T. R.
Published: April 2007

The genus Helorus is recorded from Australia for the first time on the basis of a new species reared from Chrysopidae in Victoria. This is described as H. australiensis sp. n.
NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF BRACHYHESMA MICHENER (APOIDEA: COLLETIDAE: EURYGLOSSINAE)
Authors: Exley Elizabeth M.
Published: April 2007

Three new species of Brachyhesma Michener are described: B. (Microhesma) minya, B. (Brachyhesma) monteithae, and B. (B.) nigricornis. A key to known species of Brachyhesma using males is presented. A new record of B. (B.) barrowensis Exley greatly extends its range.
NESTS, BEHAVIOUR AND LARVAE OF THE BEE STENOTRITUS PUBESCENS (SMITH) AND BEHAVIUR OF SOME RELATED SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA: STENOTRITINAE)
Authors: Houston Terry F.
Published: April 2007

Nests, provisions, and second and last larval instars of Stenotritus pubescens are described and figured for the first time. Nests were found aggregated in a soil slope. Two nests excavated differed from those of other ground‐nesting colletid bees in having cemented upper shaft walls, blind lateral tunnels, complete absence of any cellophane‐like linings, and moulded ovoid pollen masses resting in globules, possibly honey.

Observation of the flight activity, foraging, mating and male territoriality of S. pubescens are recorded with brief notes on some related species.

The information presented in considered to support a belief that stenotritine bees are misplaced in the family Colletidae.
DURATION OF TOXICITY OF RESIDUES OF MALATHION AND SPRAY OIL ON CITRUS FOLIAGE IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA TO ADULTS OF A CALIFORNIA RED SCALE PARASITE APHYTIS MELINUS DeBACH (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE)
Authors: Campbell M. M.
Published: April 2007

Adult Aphytis melinus were exposed in the laboratory to leaves of orange trees collected at intervals after the trees were sprayed with malathion, oil, or nutrients. Residues of 0.15% malathion applied in late winter, spring, and summer were highly lethal for 29, 21, and 16 d respectively, and weathered in 48, 41, and 27 d respectively to a level that allowed 50% survival after 4 h. The residue from 2.5% pre‐emulsified oil applied in summer was highly lethal for 1 d and at 8 d was no longer toxic. Survival of adults was not reduced by exposure for 20 h to the residue, immediately after drying, from nutrient sprays containing 0.2% zinc oxide, 0.4% manganese sulphate, and/or 0.7% urea applied in summer.
STERILIZATION OF DACUS CUCUMIS FRENCH (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) BY GAMMA RADIATION. II. EFFECT OF DOSE RATE ON STERILITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF ADULT MALES
Authors: Hooper G. H. S.
Published: April 2007

Newly emerged adult males of Dacus cucumis were irradiated with 1, 3 and 5 krad of gamma radiation at dose rates of 9.51. 4.38, 2.98 and 0.87 krad/min. There was no significant effect of dose rate on sterility or longevity. When males were irradiated with 7 or 9 krad at rates of either 9.51 or 0.87 krad/min there was no significant effect of dose rate on competitiveness of the males. A dose of 9 krad gave significantly less competitive males than did a dose of 7 krad.
AERIAL DISPERSAL OF SOME VICTORIAN PSOCOPTERA AS INDICATED BY SUCTION TRAP CATCHES
Authors: New T. R.
Published: April 2007

The Psocoptera captured in susction traps operated at Warrandyte and Bundoora (Victoria) throughout 1972 and 1973 are enumerated and discussed. Twenty‐nine species were captured, but the bulk of the catches were comprised of a few species of Caecilius, Ectopsocus, Peripsocus and Propsocus. Seasonal variations in catches are discussed briefly in relation to the life cycles of these taxa, and the sex ratios and diversity of Psocoptera caught are compared with earlier catches in Britain.
RECORDS OF TWO SPECIES OF ECTOPSOCUS McLACHLAN (PSOCOPTERA: ECTOPSOCIDAE) FROM ONE TREE ISLAND, QUEENSLAND
Authors: SMITHERS C. N.
Published: April 2007

Ectopsocus pilosoides Smithers and E. baliosus Thornton and Wong are the first Psocoptera recorded from One Tree Island; the male of the latter species is redescribed and the female described for the first time.
THE IMMATURE STAGES OF DREPANACRA BINOCULA (NEUROPTERA: HEMEROBIIDAE), WITH NOTES ON THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE GENUS
Authors: NEW T. R.
Published: April 2007

All immature stages of Drepanacra binocula (Newman) are described, and figures of diagnostic features provided. Larval characters indicate a possible relationship with the genus Drepanepteryx Leach.
TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO ADULT AUSTRALIAN PLAGUE LOCUST, CHORTOICETES TERMINIFERA (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Edge V. E. , Casimir M.
Published: April 2007

Fenitrothion and malathion are the standard insecticides used in the aerial spraying of swarms of Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera, in New South Wales. The toxicities of these and 11 other insecticides to adult C. terminifera were determined by topical application. Phoxim (LD50 0.6 μg/g) was the most effective insecticide, being 6.6 × more toxic than fenitrothion (LD50 4.0 μg/g) and 33 × more toxic than malathion. Compared to fenitrothion 5 other insecticides were significantly more toxic at the LD50 level: chlorpyrifos (2.8 ×), diazinon (1.8 ×), arprocarb (1.7 ×), and the synthetic pyrethroids, ethanochrysanthemate (2.5 ×) and cismethrin (2.0 ×), Bioresmethrin and the photostable pyrethroid permethrin (NRDC 143) were 0.5–0.8 × and 0.4 × as toxic respectively as fenitrothion. The synergist piperonyl butoxide increased the efficacy of bioresmethrin and permethrin by 3.9 × and 8.2 × respectively.
TWO RACES OF THE KANGAROO TICK ORNITHODOROS (PAVLOVSKYELLA) GURNEYI WARBURTON
Authors: Doube B. M.
Published: April 2007

Two biological‐physiological races of the kangaroo tick Ornithodoros gurneyi have been identified. One was found in soil in caves in ranges in Queensland, Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia, and the other in soil under trees in open savannah country in New South Wales and South Australia. The cave race is smaller than the plains race. Examination of nymphs and adults under the light microscope and EMS micrographs of larvae revealed no structural differences between the two races. There are significant physiological differences between the two races. Limited cross fertilisation experiments produced viable larvae.
ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF THE LEMON‐BUTTERFLY, PAPILIO DEMOLEUS L.* (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE)†
Authors: Srivastava K. P.
Published: April 2007

The spiracular and tracheal systems of the lemon‐butterfly, Papilio demoleus are described in detail. The insect has 9 pairs of spiracles of which 2 are located in the thorax and 7 in the abdomen. Only the second thoracic spiracle has the external closing mechanism, the rest having the internal closing mechanism. The tracheae of the preabdominal region are largely thin walled, without taenidia and easily collapsible while those of the abdomen have taenidia and are not easily collapsible. The tracheal air‐sacs are largely present in the preabdominal region. Some tracheae that do not tracheate any organ but open into another trachea or air‐sac have been referred to as the tracheal shunts. Their possible function is to feed additional air to the branches or air‐sacs into which they open. The spiracular tracheae maintain a fairly uniform (generalised) branching pattern throughout different segments.
THE ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE QUEENSLAND FRUIT FLY DACUS TRYONI (FROGGATT)*
Authors: Armati Patricia
Published: April 2007

The central nervous system of Dacus tryoni is highly condensed. All the cephalic ganglia are concentrated in a single mass through which the oesophagus passes, and there are separate thoracic and abdominal ganglionic masses. Peripheral nerves, which are described in detail, show considerable variability in the abdomen. The stomatogastric nervous system comprises frontal and hypocerebral ganglia connected by the recurrent nerve, which also innervates the corpus cardiacum and corpora allata. The nervi corporis cardiaci join the recurrent nerve close to the brain within the oesophageal tunnel.
THE BIOLOGY OF PRISTOCERA RUFA KIEFFER (HYMENOPTERA: BETHYLIDAE), A PARASITE OF PANTORHYTES SZENTIVANYI MARSHALL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Authors: BAKER* G. L.
Published: April 2007

A description is given of the development and behaviour of Pristocera rufa Kieffer, an ectoparasite of the larvae of Pantorhytes szentivanyi Marshall. The host is a serious pest of cacao trees in the Northern District of Papua New Guinea. Parasitism rarely exceeded 5 per cent and the species is of minor importance in regulating populations of P. szentivanyi.
THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF SCAPHIDIUM OLIVIER (COLEOPTERA: SCAPHIDIIDAE)*
Authors: LÖBL IVAN
Published: April 2007

A review of the Australian genus Scaphidium, including a key and illustrations, is given. S. monteithi sp. n. and trimaculatum sp.n. are described from Queensland. S. bimaculatum, australe, coronatum and thoracicum are relegated to synonymy. S. notatum is transferred from Scaphidiolum Achard. Lectotypes are designated for bimaculatum, distinctum, australe and thoracicum.
CRASPEDOCHAETA DECEPTIVA (MALLOCH), A SYNONYM OF C. PUNCTIPENNIS (WIEDEMANN) (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)*
Authors: VOCKEROTH J. R.
Published: April 2007

Craspedochaeta deceptiva (Malloch, 1921), a species recorded only from Australia and New Zealand, was considered by Malloch to be closely related to C. punctipennis (Wiedemann, 1830), a species from southern South America, and by Hennig to show a close resemblance to punctipenis due to symplesiomorphy. It is shown here that C. deceptiva is a synonym of C. punctipennis, and that the Australian and New Zealand populations have almost certainly been introduced by human agency during the present century.
EFFECT OF A JUVENILE HORMONE ANALOGUE ON MORPHOLOGY, REPRODUCTION AND ENDOCRINE ACTIVITY OF THE COWPEA APHID, APHIS CRACCIVORA KOCH
Authors: Elliott H. J. , Mcdonald F. J. D.
Published: April 2007

Topical application of AltozarTM†, at rates as low as 0.7 nanograms per aphid, caused severe morphological changes and prevented larviposition when applied to third instar Aphis craccivora, although treatment of other instars was less effective. Aphids which failed to reproduce contained fewer oocytes and embryos than untreated aphids, but enormous development of the embryos had occurred, and oocytes within these embryos also exhibited exaggerated development. The reproductive tract of treated aphids was distorted and non‐functional presumably due to pressare from the hyper‐developed embryos. The volume and mean nuclear size of the corpus allatum of treated aphids were significantly smaller than in untreated controls (newly‐moulted adults) and the effect of the chemical on the endocrine system is discussed. Neurosecretory staining revealed no difference between treated and untreated aphids.
STERILIZATION OF DACUS CUCUMIS FRENCH (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) BY GAMMA RADIATION
Authors: Hooper G. H. S.
Published: April 2007

When newly emerged adult Dacus cucumis French were irradiated in nitrogen, following a 15 min exposure to an atmosphere of pure nitrogen, the degree of sterility induced by a given dose was less than that obtained with the same dose in air. To achieve sterility in males of approximately 98 per cent doses of 7 krad in air and 13 krad in nitrogen were required. With females, total sterility through infecundity was achieved by 6 krad in air and 13 krad in nitrogen. Based on the hatch of eggs from competitive mating tests, males receiving 14 krad in nitrogen were significantly more competitive than males given 9 krad in air. The optimal light intensity for mating of D. cucumis under artificial conditions was 16.2 1x. With this light intensity the mating propensity of males irradiated with 9 and 11 krad in air was significantly less than that of untreated males. The mating propensity of males given 14 krad in nitrogen approximated that of untreated males.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THREE STETHORUS SPP (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) TO SELECTED CHEMICALS USED IN N.S.W. APPLE ORCHARDS
Authors: Walters P. J.
Published: April 2007

The contact susceptibility of Stethorus loxtoni, S. nigripes and S. vagans in the egg, larval and adult states to 27 chemicals was assessed. The chemicals tested at field concentration included insecticides, miticides, fungicides, chrbicides, chemical thinners and an antifeedant. Seven of these chemicals were highly toxic e.g., azinphos‐methyl, DDT, carbaryl, endosulfan, malathion, methidathion, tetrachlorvinphos, while twelve were non‐toxic e.g., vamidothion, Bacillus thuringiensis, Ryania, phenisobromolate, chlordimeform, cyclosuifyne, azaform, benomyl, captan, diuron, N.A.A., fentin hydroxide. The feasibility of these chemicals being used in an integrated control program is discussed.
ACTIVITY OF CHLORDIMEFORM AGAINST ORGANOCHLORINE RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF HELIOTHIS SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FROM NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Clift A. D.
Published: April 2007

Chlordimeform showed both ovicidal and larvicidal activity in the laboratory against eggs and first instar larvae of Heliothis armigera (Hübner) and H. punctigera Wallengren. H. armigera eggs were less susceptible than those of H. punctigera but there was no significant difference between the susceptible and resistant strains of H. armigera. There were no significant differences in susceptibility to chlordimeform between first instar larvae of the three strains.
PRESENCE OF A SEX ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE IN HELOPELTIS CLAVIFER (WALKER) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: SMITH E. S. C.
Published: April 2007

The presence of a sex attractant pheromone in adult females of Helopeltis clavifer (Walker) was demonstrated in both laboratory and field trials. Pheromone release occurred at all times of the day, but the number of males attracted was greatest during the first few hours of darkness each day. Under field conditions, males were first attracted to four day old virgin females and continued to be attracted at intervals until the day before death.
PREDATION ON FROGS AND SMALL BIRDS BY HIERODULA WERNERI (GIGLIO‐TOS) (MANTIDAE) IN TROPICAL AUSTRALIA
Authors: RIDPATH M. G.
Published: April 2007

Observations are given of the capture and eating of green tree frogs Litoria caerulea, and the seizing of brown honeyeaters Lichmera indistincta, by a large mantid Hierodula werneri, at Darwin, N.T.
A NEW SPECIES OF CHORISTOPSYLLA JORDAN AND ROTHSCHILD (SIPHONAPTERA: PYGIOPSYLLIDAE) FROM EASTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: MARDON D. K.
Published: April 2007

Choristopsylla leptophallus sp. n. is described from Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr) and Schoinobates volans (Kerr) in Queensland and New South Wales. The new species is compared with the most similar species, C. ochi Rothschild, and the genitalia of both species are illustrated.
ECLOSION AND OVIPOSITION RHYTHMS IN SIMULIUM ORNATIPES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: HUNTER D. M.
Published: April 2007

In nature, adult Simulium ornatipes Skuse normally eclosed throughout the daylight period, but when water temperatures were high (≥26°), they eclosed mainly in the morning. Females usually eclosed slightly earlier than males. In the laboratory, daytime eclosion occurred under natural light and constant darkness but under constant white, purple‐pink and long ultraviolet light eclosion was arhythmic: these features are typical of circadian rhythms. Females oviposited throughout dark, cloudy days but on sunny, windless days they began ovipositing either when the sun decreased to a solar altitude of about 40 or when clouds covered the sun. These observations suggest that the oviposition period is related to light intensity.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Yule R. A.
Published: April 2007

Perspectives in Forest Entomology: John E. Anderson and Harry K. Kaya (Editors). Academic Press, New York. 1976. Pp. 429.
FIELD OBSERVATIONS ON BEHAVIOUR OF A NORTH QUEENSLAND SPECIES OF PHYTALMIA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)
Authors: Moulds M. S.
Published: April 2007

The spectacular lateral head projections in males of an undescribed species of Phytalmia function primarily as a means of contact between fighting pairs of males. Such fighting, which is often territorial in nature results in larger males dominating sexual activity. Following copulation the male remains with and guards the female until after what appears to be oviposition in decaying trunks of Dysoxylum decandrum, a rain forest tree.
LABORATORY REARING OF CULEX ANNULIROSTRIS SKUSE (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: McDonald G. , Smith I. R. , Shelden G. P.
Published: April 2007

A successful technique was developed for laboratory rearing of Culex annulirostris. The larval rearing medium, containing water, crushed dog biscuit and yeast, required continuous aeration to prevent putrefaction. An emergence cage was designed to improve rearing and operational efficiency. Adults were fed on boiled sultanas, and females received their blood meals from guinea pigs. The culture room was kept at 26°C ± 1°C, and the relative humidity was alternated from 60% to 80% for three day periods to maximize reproduction and survival. Simulated dusk and dawn enhanced feeding and mating. Observations from culturing studies are reported.
IDENTIFICATION OF INSTARS OF CULEX ANNULIROSTRIS SKUSE (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: McDonald G. , Smith I. R. , Shelden G. P.
Published: April 2007

Head capsule width is shown to provide a reliable and rapid method for identifying the four larval instars of Culex annulirostris.
PARASITISM OF OTHER ADULT DIPTERA BY TACHINIDAE IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Ferrar P.
Published: April 2007

An earlier account of the tachinid Bactromyiella Mesnil parasitising adult Diptera is shown to be incorrect, the tachinid in question being actually a species of Hyalomyodes Townsend. Immature stages of Hyalomyodes sp. from Dasybasis Macquart (Tabanidae) and of a closely related tachinid from Amenia Robineau‐Desvoidy (Calliphoridae) are described and illustrated, and a relationship between these and an earlier reported parasite from Atherigona Rondani (Muscidae) is indicated. These examples provide the first authentic cases of Tachinidae parasitising adult Diptera.
A NOTE ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF ANATRACHYNTIS TERMINELLA (WALKER) (LEPIDOPTERA: COSMOPTERIGIDAE), WHOSE LARVAE ARE PREDACIOUS ON THE EGGS OF NEPHILA EDULIS (KOCH) (ARANEAE: ARANEIDAE)
Authors: Austin A. D.
Published: April 2007

The life history of Anatrachyntis terminella (Walker) is described for the first time. Larvae of this moth infest the egg‐sacs of the spider Nephila edulis (Koch), feed on the eggs and pupate in the silk of the egg‐sac. The life history of the moth is discussed in relation to its effect on the spider.
THE EFFECT OF SEPARATION BY “PAPERING” ON CASTE RATIOS IN NASUTITERMES EXITIOSUS (HILL) (ISOPTERA)
Authors: McMahan Elizabeth A. , Watson J. A. L.
Published: April 2007

The separation by “papering” of Nasutitermes exitiosus from broken mound material provides a sample of termites containing higher proportions of small soldiers, second to fifth stage large workers, and alates, and lower proportions of larvae, first stage workers, presoldiers, and workers near to ecdysis, than occur in the termites that remain in the mound material. These differences can be correlated with differences in the behaviour of the various castes and stages when the nest is damaged.
CASTE RATIOS IN A LONG‐ESTABLISHED, NEOTENIC‐HEADED LABORATORY COLONY OF MASTOTERMES DARWINIENSIS FROGGATT (ISOPTERA)
Authors: Watson J. A. L. , Barrett R. A. , Abbey Hilda M.
Published: April 2007

A colony of Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt, collected in the field in 1959 and maintained in the laboratory for 18 years, comprised approximately 8400 termites, plus 700 eggs in 40 pods. The colony was headed by 1 ♀ and 5 ♂ neotenics. The non‐reproductive castes included 5.7% soldiers plus presoldiers, 9.6% larvae, and nearly 85% workers. The pèrcentage of soldiers was similar to that in smaller laboratory colonies headed by primary reproductives.
A NEW SPECIES OF HELIOCOCCUSŠULC FROM AUSTRALIA AND PAKISTAN AND A REDESCRIPTION OF HELIOCOCCUS GLACIALIS (NEWSTEAD) COMB.N. (HOMOPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)
Authors: Brookes Helen M.
Published: April 2007

Heliococcus summervillei sp. n. is a mealybug that has caused considerable damage to pastures of Paspalum in Queensland and has been collected on sugar‐cane in Pakistan. This is the first record of the genus Heliococcus from Australia and Pakistan. Dactylopius glacialis Newstead, a related species infesting grass in Italy, is redescribed and transferred to Heliococcus.
MACROLARVIPAROUS REPRODUCTION IN EUPHUMOSIA (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE)
Authors: Ferrar P.
Published: April 2007

A species of Euphumosia, abundant in Arnhem Land, was found to be macrolarviparous. The ovaries are reduced to two ovarioles each, and only one ovariole ovulates at a time. The larva is retained in utero at least to the end of the 1st instar. The uterine egg and morphological features of the 1st and 2nd instar larvae are described and illustrated. The breeding medium remains unknown, but possibilities are discussed.
DASYGNATHUS BLATTOCOMES SP. N. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE)
Authors: Carne P. B.
Published: April 2007

Dasygnathus blattocomes is described from a series collected in nests of the giant burrowing cockroach (Macropanesthia rhinoceros Saussure) at Mt Garnet, Queensland. The species is closely related to Dasygnathus globosus Arrow, but a remarkable modification of the fore tibia of the male distinguishes it from all other known Australian Dynastinae.
THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY
Authors: Kitching R. L. , Edwards E. D. , Ferguson D. , Fletcher M. B. , Walker J. M.
Published: April 2007

A list of the 79 butterflies recorded from the Australian Capital Territory and its immediate environs is presented with data on months of capture or sighting, and, where appropriate, altitudes. In addition, habitat records are presented and analysed.
BLOOD FEEDING OF BITING MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) AT KOWANYAMA, CAPE YORK PENINSULA, NORTH QUEENSLAND
Authors: Kay B. H. , Boreham P. F. L. , Dyce A. L. , Standfast H. A.
Published: April 2007

Five hundred and eighty‐five blood engorged Culicoides and seven Lasiohelea comprising nine taxa were collected mainly by truck‐trapping around sunrise and sunset in tropical savannah woodland at Kowanyama and Rutland Plains, north Queensland. Blood meal analysis by a capillary ring test showed cattle and marsupials to be the most common hosts attacked. Culicoides marksi fed on cattle, marsupials and dogs (313/79/5); C. actoni on the same hosts (35/2/1); C. smeei on birds and marsupial (44/1); C. austropalpalis on birds, cattle and marsupial (13/1/1); C. brevitarsis, Lasiohelea sp. and Culicoides sp. nr nattaiensis on cattle (9, 3, and 1); C. dycei on a marsupial (1) and Culicoides sp. nr marmoratus on marsupials and a bird (2/1).

Blood engorged C. actoni, C. melanesiae and Lasiohelea sp. were collected from man and C. marksi, C. actoni, C. brevitarsis and C. bundyensis group from calf. In stable traps separately baited with feral pig, dog, domestic fowls, human, grey kangaroo or calf, the following host relationships were demonstrated: C. actoni feeding on all six hosts tested, C. marksi on all except man, Lasiohelea sp. on all but man and fowl, C. melanesiae on pig, dog and calf, C. pallidothorax on kangaroo and calf and C. austropalpalis on fowl only. These latter were not checked by serology.
A NEW SPECIES OF ORTHETRUM NEWMAN FROM DUNE LAKES IN EASTERN AUSTRALIA (ODONATA: LIBELLULIDAE)
Authors: Watson J. A. L. , Arthington Angela H.
Published: April 2007

A sixth Australian species of Orthetrum, O. boumiera sp.n., is described, and adults and larvae of the Australian Orthetrum are keyed. O. boumiera is known only from dune lakes between Fraser Island (Queensland) and Wooli (New South Wales); characteristics of these habitats are discussed.
THE IMMATURE STAGES OF MORE AUSTRALIAN CULICOIDES LATREILLE (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: Kettle D. S. , Elson M. M.
Published: April 2007

The larvae and pupae of six species of Culicoides are described: C. bundyensis Lee and Reye, C. bunrooensis Lee and Reye, C. dycei Lee and Reye, C. fulbrighti Lee and Reye, C. histrio Johannsen and C. parvimaculatus Lee and Reye. Additional information is given on the larvae of C. narrabeenensis Lee and Reye. An earlier larval key is amended to include these species. A revised pupal key will be given later.
HOMOLOGIES IN ELEMENTS OF THE LARVAL LABRUM IN CHAOBORIDAE AND CULICIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: COLLESS D. H.
Published: April 2007

A scheme of homology is proposed under which the so‐called “labrum” of Chaoborus larvae becomes an apical lobe of the labrum proper and homologous with the midpalatal lobe of Culicidae. Some phylogenetic implications are noted.
SPECIES OF CHRYSOMYA AS PRIMARY FLIES IN CARRION
Authors: O'FLYNN M. A. , MOORHOUSE D. E.
Published: April 2007

Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), Chrysomya saffranea (Bigot) and Chrysomya varipes (Macquart) have been shown to be capable of acting as primary flies, i.e. initiating infestation, in carrion in southern Queensland. This appears to be common during the warmer months of the year and must be taken into consideration, in forensic entomology, when estimating the period elapsed since death.
THE BIOLOGY AND LABORATORY REARING OF A NEW LEPTOPIINE WEEVIL, A PEST OF LEGUMES IN QUEENSLAND
Authors: ELDER R. J. , BROWN J. D. , WICKS R.
Published: April 2007

The temporal incidence of the various life history stages of a new leptopiine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is given. Distribution records were all from far north coastal Queensland. Most adults emerged from earthen cells (at a mean depth of 100 mm) with the first storm rains yielding approximately SO mm in October‐November.

Adult pairs of the leptopiine were fed on germinated Vigna sinensis seed and provided with 25 mm squares of tissue paper as oviposition substrate. Eggs were incubated at temperatures ranging from 10.1 to 31.7 ± 0.5°C. Larvae were reared in the laboratory on V. sinensis seedlings. The number of larval instars was estimated as six on a basis of head capsule measurements.

Host plant records all from the family Leguminoseae include a number of pasture legumes. Chemical and cultural methods of control are outlined.
PERILAMPUS AUSTRALIS GIRAULT (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE: PERILAMPINAE), A HYPERPARASITE OF THE AUSTRALIAN PLAGUE LOCUST CHORTOICETES TERMINIFERA (WALKER) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: BAKER G. L. , PIGOTT R.
Published: April 2007

Perilampus australis Girault was reared from puparia of the tachinid Ceracia fergusoni (Malloch), the larvae of which had parasitised adult Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker). These observations constitute the first record of a hyperparasite of C. terminifera and the first host record for P. australis.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE DEFENSIVE SECRETION IN DYSCHIRIUS BONELLI (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: SCARITTNAE) AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: MOORE B. P. , BROWN W. V.
Published: April 2007

The defensive secretion of Dyschirius wilsoni Sloane is shown to contain 2‐pentanone, 2‐heptanone, iridodial and methyl 2‐hydroxy‐6‐methylbenzoate. None of these compounds has been reported previously from carabid species and their unique combination in Dyschirius emphasises the distinctiveness of this genus within the subfamily Scaritinae.
SYNERGISM OF DIAZINON AGAINST SUSCEPTIBLE AND ORGANOPHOSPHORUS RESISTANT LUCILIA CUPRINA (WIEDEMANN)
Authors: ATTIA F. I. , SHANAHAN G. J. , HUGHES P. B.
Published: April 2007

Topical pre‐treatment of adult females from susceptible (LS) and organophosphorus resistant (Q) strains of Lucilia crupina (Wiedemann) with S,S,S‐tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), relatively non‐toxic in itself, gave a significant synergistic effect with diazinon. DEF was ineffective when used in combination with diazinon.
NEW SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN LESTIDAE (ODONATA)
Authors: Watson J. A. L. , Moulds M. S.
Published: April 2007

Three new species of Australian Lestidae, Austrolestes aleison, Austrolestes minjerriba, and Indolestes obiri, are described, and the adults of the 14 known species of Australian lestids are keyed. Lectotypes are designated for Lestes psyche Hagen in Selys and Lestes leda Selys. Austrolestes albicauda tindalei Tillyard is newly placed in synonymy with Indolestes alleni (Tillyard).
NOTES ON THE TICK HAEMAPHYSALIS(ORNITHOPHYSALIS) DOENITZI WARBURTON AND NUTTALL (ACARINA: IXODIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: DOUBE B. M. , KEMP D. H.
Published: April 2007

Doenitz' Oriental‐Australian bird baemaphysalid, Haemaphysalis(O.) doenitzi has been recorded as a parasite of the swamp pheasant, Centropusphasianinus (Latham) at Yeppoon Queensland. In the laboratory larvae engorged on Rattus fuscipes (Waterhouse) but not on a marsupial bandicoot Isoodon macrourus (Gould). Nymphs did not engorge on a variety of host species [man, cattle, domestic fowl, and pied currawong Strepera graculina (Shaw)] but a small proportion fed on R. fuscipes and on a white mouse. Adults, nymphs and larvae from Australia are in agreement with the description of this tick from other parts of south east Asia. Larvae described as Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) bancrofti by Roberts (1969) are in fact larvae of H. (O.) doenitzi.
REVISION OF THE GENUS NOTUCHUS FENNAH (HOMOPTERA: FULGOROIDEA: DELPHACIDAE)
Authors: Donaldson J. F.
Published: April 2007

The genus Notuchus is redescribed. A key to all species of Notuchus and illustrated descriptions of N. rotundifacies sp. n., N. kurandae sp. n. and N. palmerstonensis sp. n. are given. These are the first species of the genus recorded from the Australian mainland.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: EVANS HOWARD E.
Published: April 2007

Social Insects, Volume I: Henry R. Hermann (Ed.)
AN ATTEMPT TO CONTROL ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, CYDIA MOLESTA BUSCK. BY MASS RELEASES OF MACROCENTRUS ANCYLIVORUS ROHWER (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: BAILEY PETER
Published: April 2007

Macrocentrus ancylivorus, released at rates of up to 60 females per peach tree, parasitized an average of 4% of larvae of oriental fruit moth in South Australian peach orchards. Low host numbers may have caused this low rate of parasitism.
DETERMINATION OF AGE and MATED STATE OF ADULT PTERO‐HELAEUS DARLINGENSIS CARTER (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)
Authors: ALLSOPP P. G.
Published: April 2007

Newly emerged male Pterohelaeus darlingensis Carter have flaccid seminal vesicles and females have minute ovaries. Newly emerged adults of both sexes are pale, have large amounts of abdominal fat and undeveloped wing muscles. Progressive changes in these characters allow an estimate of age to be made. Mated females are distinguished by the shape and colour of the bursa copulatrix. A scheme is proposed which allows broad categorization of age of both sexes and mated state of females.
EVIDENCE OF NON‐RANDOM MATING FOR THE COLOUR PATTERN POLYMORPHISM IN FIELD POPULATIONS OF THE GRASSHOPPER PHAULACRIDIUM VITTATUM
Authors: DEARN JOHN M.
Published: April 2007

Deviations from non‐random mating have been observed with respect to the two colour pattern morphs in the grasshopper Phaulacridium vittatum. In each of six samples, involving a total of 381 matings, an excess of heterogamic matings was observed. There was no evidence of differential mating propensity between the two morphs.
DISCOVERY OF THE PREDATORY MITE PHYTOSEIULUS PERSIMILIS ATHIAS‐HENRIOT (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: GOODWIN S. , SCHICHA E.
Published: April 2007

Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot (Phytoseiidae) was discovered near Sydney in December 1978 in association with Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Tetranychidae) on commercial strawberries. It is the first time that this species has been recorded in Australia.
PARASITES OF CRYPTOPHLEBIA OMBRODELTA (LOWER) (LEPIDOP‐TERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN SOUTHEAST QUEENSLAND
Authors: SINCLAIR E. R.
Published: April 2007

During a life‐system study of Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower) in southeast Queensland five hymen‐opterous, and one dipterous, parasites were recorded. In decreasing order of occurrence they were, Apan‐teles briareus Nixon, Bracon sp. (Braconidae), Gotra bimaculata Cheesman (Ichneumonidae), Brachy‐meriapomonae (Cameron) (Chalcididae), ?Thelariosoma sp. (Tachinidae), and Euderus sp. (Eulophidae). All attacked larval or pupal stages. No egg parasite was detected. One hymenopterous hyperparasite (Encyrtidae) Eupelmus sp. emerged from A. briareus.
THE LARVAL AND EGG STAGES OF THE PRIMITIVE ANT NOTHOMYRMECIA MACRO PS CLARK (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Wheeler George C. , Wheeler Jeanette , Taylor Robert W.
Published: April 2007

The egg, and mature, young and very young larval stages of Nothomyrmecia macrops (subfamily Nothomyrmeciinae) are described and illustrated with line drawings and scanning electron micrographs. All stages closely resemble those of the genus Myrmecia F. (subfamily Myrmeciinae), supporting the evidence from studies of adults that Nothomyrmecia Clark and Myrmecia share many primitive formicid attributes, though neither supporting nor challenging the hypothesis that they represent generalised survivors of the earliest diverging stocks of two separate lineages important in ant evolution.
THE EFFECT OF AZIRIDINYL CHEMOSTERILANTS ON THE LONGEVITY AND MATING CAPACITY OF THE AUSTRALIAN SHEEP BLOWFLY LUCILIA CUPRINA (WIEDEMANN) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE)
Authors: Beattie* G. A. C. , McDonald F. J. D.
Published: April 2007

Doses up to 600 μg of N, N'‐hexamethylenebis (I‐aziridinecarboxamide) (ENT 50172; HM AC) had no effect on the longevity of Lucilia cuprina females up to 10 days post‐treatment. Doses of 300 and 600 μg caused significant reductions in longevity at 14 and 21 days post‐treatment, but did not cause 100%, mortality. A dose of 32 μg of N, N′‐bisaziridinyl‐N'‐cyclohexylphosphine sulphide (ENT 62488) killed all treated females within 24 hours and a 16 μg dose significantly affected mortality within one day.

HMAC had no effect on the competitiveness of males at doses less than 64 μg, but 128 μg induced a highly significant decrease in mating capacity. The sterilant did not affect the receptiveness of females, even when they were treated with 600 μg.
ADDITIONAL AUSTRALIAN HARVESTMEN (ARACHNIDA: OPILIONES)
Authors: Cantrell* B. K.
Published: April 2007

New species are described in each suborder of Opiliones, including Rakaia arcticosa and Acropsopilio australicus, the latter being the first record of the genus from Australia. Two additional species of Austropsopilio Forster (A. altus and A. inermis) and four new species of Bogania Forster (B. neogranulata, B. distineta, B. exigua and B. advena) are also described.
PSEUDORYCTES STOREYI SP. N. AND NEW RECORDS OF OTHER SPECIES OF PSEUDORYCTES SHARP (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE)
Authors: Carne P. B.
Published: April 2007

Pseudoryctes storeyi sp.n. is described from a series of nine specimens taken at light near Chillagoe, north Queensland. Additional locality data are given for Pseudoryctes bidentifrons Lea, P. etunus Carne, P. mullerianus (White), P. turritus (Macleay), P. validus Lea and P. wilsoni Carne.
NOTES ON THE REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME AUSTRALIAN SOLITARY WASPS (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE, TACHYSPHEX AND EXEIRUS)
Authors: Alcock John
Published: April 2007

Information is presented on the nests of three species of Tachysphex and on the mate‐locating behaviour of T. pilosulus Turner and Exeirus lateritius (Shuckard).
THE STING APPARATUS IN THE PRIMITIVE ANTS NOTHOMYRMEC1A AND MYRMEC1A
Authors: Kugler* Charles
Published: April 2007

The skeletomusculatures of the sting apparatuses of Nothomyrmecia macrops Clark and several Myrmecia species are described and compared to each other, and to those of other ants and Hymenoptera. Although Nothomyrmecia is often considered the most primitive living ant, its sting apparatus is more derived than those of Myrmecia and the primitive ponerine Amblyopone. Stings of these three genera show no clear derivation from those of other Hymenoptera.
LIFE CYCLE OF HEM1CORDULIA TA U SELYS (ODON ATA: CORDULIIDAE) IN LAKE EUCUMBENE, N.S.W., WITH NOTES ON PREDATION ON IT BY TWO TROUT SPECIES
Authors: Faragher R. A.
Published: April 2007

From larval samples collected over a 23 monlh period it was found that Hemicordulia tau was a univoltine summer species in Lake Eucumbene, N.S.W., with emergence occurring in the months December to April. Measurement of larvae from the diet of two trout species indicated size selective predation. with the fish selecting the larger larvae from the population.
COCOON FORMATION BY MUSCIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Ferrar P.
Published: April 2007

Cocoon formation by muscid larvae before pupation is commoner than is usually thought. Notes are given on 29 species known to make cocoons. Cocoon construction by Gymnodia ruficornis (Malloch) is described, and cocoons of three species in different media are illustrated.
THE COLLECTION OF INSECTICIDE BY LOW FLYING LOCUSTS
Authors: Symmons P. M. , Nguyen N. T.
Published: April 2007

Adults of the Australian plague locust, Chortoieetes termini/era (Walker), were towed at about their flight velocity directly through a cloud of insecticide produced by an aircraft in a light wind. The amount of insecticide acquired by the insects entering the cloud at different times after spray release was measured and compared with the characteristics of the cloud.
BIOLOGY OF THE GRAPE VINE MOTH, PHALAENOIDES GL YCINE LEWIN (LEPIDOPTERA: AGARISTIDAE)
Authors: Cordingley Charlma L.
Published: April 2007

Phalaenoides glycine is a native insect that has become a pest on the introduced grape vine, Vitis vinifera. The general biology of the insect is discussed including rates of development at different temperatures. The optimum temperature range for larval development is from 15–27 C. The threshold of development is approximately 10.1 C. The sex ratio, pupal diapause, larval wandering and the relationship of P. glycine with its native foodplants are also discussed.
TRAPPING ADULT MACADAMIA NUT BORER, CRYPTOPHLEBIA OMBRODELTA (LOWER) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Sinclair E. R. , Sinclair P.
Published: April 2007

Eight types of trap were tested for Cryptophlebia ombrodelta, the macadamia nut borer. Catch in a Robinson mercury vapour light trap was related to crop damage. The commercial pheromone lure Orfamone II, containing cis‐8‐dodecenyl acetate and dodecyl alcohol, was found suitable for extensive extra‐orchard surveys of moth breeding sites. Suction traps used in one orchard caught sufficient adults to show diurnal flight behaviour. Bait, emergence, flight, malaise and sticky traps were ineffective.
LARVAE OF BLAESOX1PHA LOEW (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE) AND AN UNIDENTIFIED TACHINID (DIPTERA) PARASITIC IN ACRIDIDAE (ORTHOPTERA) IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Cantrell B. K.
Published: April 2007

Larvae of flies parasitic in locusts and grasshoppers are described: first instar larvae of Blaesoxipha pachytyli (Skuse) and B. similis Cantrell; second and third instar larvae of unidentified species of Blaesoxipha; and second and third instar larvae of a species of Tachinidae. possibly Phorocerosoma postulans (Walker).
AUSTRALIAN AND MELANESIAN ANTS OF THE GENUS EURHOPALOTHR1X BROWN AND KEMPF–NOTES AND NEW SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Taylor Robert W.
Published: April 2007

Two species are described as new: E. hoplites (Papua New Guinea) and E. insidiatrix (Vanua Levu, Fiji Islands). Both are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs, as are E. szentivanyi Taylor and E. emeryi (Forel). Notes are given on distribution and variation of several previously described species.
FACTORS CAUSING MORTALITY OF THE GRAPE VINE MOTH, PHALAENOIDES GLYCINE LEWIN (LEPIDOPTERA: AGARISTIDAE)
Authors: Cordingley* Charlma L.
Published: April 2007

The most important predator of Phalaenoides glycine is Oechalia schellenbergii (Guerin‐Meneville). This predator is discussed in detail together with its effect on host numbers. Tachinid flies are the most important parasites of P. glycine. Other mortality factors include a granulosis virus disease, flooding and miscellaneous causes such as ploughing and failure to emerge or moult successfully.
AN INVESTIGATION OF BITING MIDGES IN RELATION TO THEIR POTENTIAL AS VECTORS OF BOVINE ONCHOCERCIASIS IN NORTH QUEENSLAND
Authors: Beveridge I. , Kummerow E. L. , Wilkinson P. , Copeman D. B.
Published: April 2007

Biting midges were investigated at a study area near Townsville, Queensland, by means of truck trap, light trap and bait calf collections. Fourteen species of Culicoides were collected in truck and light traps and 9 species of Culicoides and 2 of Lasiohelea from bait calves. Midge abundance, as assessed by numbers in truck trap collections and numbers biting calves was greatest during February to April, the wetter months of the year. The 3 principal species biting calves were Culicoides marksi Lee and Reye, C. acloni Smith, and Lasiohelea sp. C. marksi and C. actoni were collected mainly from the ventral surfaces of bait calves, and Lasiohelea sp. mainly on the legs. Filarioid nematode larvae were found only in C. marksi from truck trap collections.
THE GENUS TYTODECTES FAIN (ACARI: HYPODERATIDAE) IN AUSTRALIAN BIRDS
Authors: Domrow Robert
Published: April 2007

Two new species of Tytodectes are described from Australian birds: T. podager from the tawny frogmouth, Podargus strigoides (Latham) (Caprimulgiformes: Podargidae), and T. bradypus from the sacred kingfisher, Halcyon sanctus Vigors and Horsfield (Coraciiformes: Alcedinidae). Neottialges plegadicola Fain is newly recorded from the Australian white ibis, Threskiornis molucca (Cuvier) (Ciconiiformes: Threskiornithidae).
THE EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF KALLITAMBINIA AUSTRALIS MUIR (HOMOPTERA: TROPIDUCHIDAE)
Authors: Fletcher M. J.
Published: April 2007

The external morphology of the egg and 5 nymphal instars of Kallitambinia australis are described and the adult redescribed. A key is given to separate the adults and nymphal instars.
ALLOZYME VARIATION, COLONY STRUCTURE AND GENETIC RELATEDNESS IN THE PRIMITIVE ANT NOTHOMYRMECIA MACROPS CLARK (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Ward* Philip S. , Taylor Robert W.
Published: April 2007

A survey of electrophoretically detectable genetic variation in the only known population of Nothomyrmecia macrops Clark (from N. W. Eyre Peninsula, South Australia) revealed one polymorphic locus (amylase) among 16 studied, and a mean heterozygosity (Ĥ) of 0.032, a value lower than those reported for most other insects, but consistent with previous comparable estimates for ants and other Hymenoptera. Variability at the amylase locus is considerable, with 4 alleles present at frequencies > 0.05. There is no evidence of inbreeding, genotype frequencies being in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. An examination of genotype frequencies within 4 nests demonstrates that workers from the same nest are not always sibs, and a regression analysis of relatedness among worker nestmates yields a mean estimated coefficient of relatedness (b) of 0.251, based on 2 different diallelic combinations. The same analysis applied to samples of workers taken foraging on separate, single Eucalyptus trees gives a mean b of only 0.084 (based on three diallelic combinations), a result consistent with field observations of an overlap of foraging areas (and probably low territoriality) between nests. The relatedness estimates must be interpreted with caution because of limited sample sizes. Additional field studies and electrophoretic analyses are required to assess the possible contributions to the observed patterns of relatedness from polygyny, multiple insemination of the queen(s), and worker interchange between colonies.
EVIDENCE FOR NATURALLY OCCURRING, SECONDARY COMPOUNDS OF THE CODLING MOTH FEMALE SEX PHEROMONE
Authors: Bartell R. J. , Bellas T. E.
Published: April 2007

Bioassay comparisons of gas chromatographic separations of codling moth female sex pheromone glands revealed the existence of naturally occurring compounds additional to the single, reported compound, (E, E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐o1.
DISTRIBUTION OF LARVAE OF LYCORIELLA AGARICI LOUDON (DIPTERA: SCIARIDAE) WITHIN MUSHROOM BEDS IN COMMERCIAL CULTURE OF AGARICUS BISPORUS AND AGARICUS BITORQUIS IN NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Clift A. D. , Toffolon R. B.
Published: April 2007

The distribution of larvae of the sciarid Lycoriella agarici between compost, casing and mushrooms in 4 commercial mushroom farms near Sydney was studied over the period late January to April 1979. Two of the farms grew mushrooms of the species Agaricus bisporus and the other two grew A. bitorquis. In the absence of chemical treatment significant sciarid larva populations developed in both casing and sporophores of both species. Chemical treatment of the casing delayed the population increase in the casing and prevented direct damage to the sporophores but did not affect the larval population in the compost. The sciarid larval population in the compost, casing and sporophores was predominantly aggregated for both species of mushroom. The implication of the observed distribution and aggregation of the larvae is discussed in relation to pesticide use and damage to sporophores.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF ANOPLOGNATHUS LEACH, AND NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS FOR POORLY KNOWN SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: RUTELINAE)
Authors: Carne P. B.
Published: April 2007

Anoplognathus blackdownensis sp. n. is described from the Blackdown Tableland and Monto (Queensland), A. flindersensts sp. n. from Wilpena Pound (South Australia) and A. macalpinei sp. n. from Iron Range (Queensland). New distribution records are given for A. abnormis Macleay, A. aeneus Waterhouse, A. aureus Waterhouse, A. concolor Burmeister, A. daemeli Ohaus, A. macleayi aurora Arrow, A. macleayimacleayi Blackburn, A. multiseriatus Lea, A. narmarus Carne, A. nebulosus acuminatus Ohaus, A. parvulus Waterhouse, A. prasinus (Laporte), A. punctulatus punctulatus Ollin”, A. rhinastus Blanchard, A. rothschildti Ohaus and A. viridiaeneus (Donovan).
THE LIFE HISTORY AND EARLY STAGES OF SYNEMON MAGNIFICA STRAND (LEPIDOPTERA: CASTNIIDAE)
Authors: Common I. F. B. , Edwards E. D.
Published: April 2007

The life history of Synemon magnified (Castniidae) is described, and the morphology of its immature stages are described and figured. The larvae feed on Lepidosperma viscidum R. Br. (Cyperaceae). The morphology and biology of Synemon Doubleday are compared with those of the neotropical Castnia Fabricius, and we conclude that the Castniidae are relatively primitive Ditrysia, not far removed from the Cossidae.
THE INCIDENCE OF PARASITISM AND DISEASE IN FIELD POPULATIONS OF THE POTATO MOTH PHTHORIMAEA OPERCULELLA (ZELLER) IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Briese D. T.
Published: April 2007

The incidence of parasitism and disease was recorded during a survey of Phthorimaea operculella populations from the major Australian potato growing areas. High levels of parasitism were found in most regions, though the contribution of each of the three major species showed marked geographic variation. There were also differences in the parasitism of larvae in leaves and in tubers. In some locations larvae were infected by a granulosis virus, which appeared to be endemic at a low frequency throughout the potato moth's range in Australia.