bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O rukopisu Kitab-i bosnevi iz Zbirke bosanske alhamijado književnosti sa pojedinim arapskim tekstovima
Authors: Zaimović Nerma
Published: January 2022

The poem Kitab-i bosnevi is just one of several that represents a compilation of moralistic alhamijado poems. They are collected in one Collection of Bosnian alhamijado literature with individual Arabic texts. The aim is to determine orthographic features through orthographic and phonetic-phonological analysis of the manuscript Kitab-i bosnevi, supposed to date from the 19th century, show how the author wrote words of domestic origin and recorded terms of oriental origin taken from Arabic and Persian. Detailed orthographic analysis of words of domestic and oriental origin was emphasised in the poem Kitab-i bosnevi. The Viennese version of Sehvetul-vusul, by Omer Hazim Humo, offered us more precise insight into the characteristics of writing alhamijado literature. Words of oriental origin were recorded by respecting their way of writing concerning the original language. In some examples, there were deviations where the author offered a completely different way of recording certain voices. Based on the phonetic-phonological analysis of the song Kitab-i bosnevi, specific voices are entirely adapted to the phonetic system of the Bosnian language.
Semantička adaptacija frekventnih germanizama u oblasti domaćinstva
Authors: Burnić Hatidže
Published: January 2022

The task of the analysis of adaptation processes is to describe which changes the foreign word has undergone in the primary phase, ie from the moment of borrowing to the formation of the basic form – which in contact linguistics is called replica – and which changes occur in the replica in the secondary phase, ie from the moment of integration in the language system of the recipient further. This paper analyzes the semantic adaptation of frequency Germanisms in the Bosnian language system and focuses on the conceptual field of “household”. The main goal is to determine the semantic changes that words taken from the German language undergo during the download and adaptation to the Bosnian language system. During the analysis, the contact linguistic methodology of Rudolf Filipović was used, in which the adaptation processes are divided into primary and secondary phases of adaptation. The comparative method compared the meanings of German models with the meanings of Bosnian replicas, and the changes were classified into three categories: zero semantic extension, narrowing of meaning and broadening of meaning. Based on the analysis of adaptive changes in the primary phase, it was determined that Germanisms were mostly taken over into the Bosnian language with their specific meanings, but the category of narrowing in the field of meaning was also noted. Unlike the primary adaptation, the secondary adaptation includes changes that occur on the formed replica. These changes are no longer associated with the German language because they are always related only with the Bosnian language system and its rules. This is evidenced by the examples of Germanisms in which in the phase of secondary adaptation there was an expansion of meaning through the use of metaphor, metonymy, pejorization, folk etymology and ellipse.
KINERJA POS LINTAS BATAS NEGARA (PLBN) TERPADU WINI DI KAWASAN PERBATASAN RI - RDTL KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Tefa Gradiana , Thaal Florianus P.
Published: January 2022

State border management is an important aspect in maintaining the integrity and sovereignty of a country. The start of the Asean Economic Community (AEC) program in 2015 among Southeast Asian countries in order to improve the economy, the border region became a strategic place that was the gateway to various cooperation activities between countries. To improve crossborder services between countries, the Government issued INPRES No. 6 of 2016 concerning the Development of 7 Cross-border State Posts. One of the construction of the State Border Crossing Post is located in North Insana District, North Central Timor Regency, East Nusa TenggaraProvince. This study aims to determine the performance of Integrated Wini Cross-border Post (PLBN) in cross-border service activities in the RI-RDTL Border Region of North Central Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research uses a qualitative research design with a descriptive approach. Informants in the study were determined by purposive sampling and incidental sampling techniques. Data collected by interview, observation and documentation techniques. And in analyzing data using miles and huberman models, namely data reduction, data displays and drawing / verification conclusions. The results showed that the performanceof Pos Lintas Batas Negara Terpini wini in cross-border service activities was not optimal. This is influenced by the inhibiting factors, among others, limited personel resources, limited facilities and infrastructure, weak coordination between elements of CIQ, difficulties in licensing trade documents, and lack of understanding of the community. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors suggest that PLBN Managers improve coordination between elements of CIQ, provide socialization to the community, improve service facilities and infrastructure, facilitate licensing of trade documents to increase recruitment of CIQ employees.

Keywords: Performance; Border; PLBN
ANALISIS KONTEKS PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN PENATAAN TRANSPORTASI ANGKUTAN UMUM DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Edie Arif Moelia
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the policy context of Local Regulation 16/2012. Data are collected through interviews, observation and documentary study. In term of context of policy, the political will of the government cannot be implemented due to strong patron-client relation among the actors who channelize their economic interest. Good governance and public consultation is not well institutionalized. Many deviances are committed by the program implementers. Responsiveness of bureaucracy and local parliament is still low, thus not sufficiently contribute to the policy implementation.

Keywords: Policy Implementation, Public Transportation Arrangement
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KAMPUNG BANTAR DI KECAMATAN PAAL MERAH KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Prabawa Harsens Nursa
Published: January 2022

This Final Report is entitled "The Policy Implementation of the BANTAR (Clean, Safe, and Smart) Village  Program in Realizing Environmental Development in the Paal Merah District of Jambi City Jambi Province". The purpose of this observation is to find out how is the policy implementation of BANTAR Village and to find out the outcome of the policy program. The method used in this study is the Qualitative Research method. This research uses data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. From the results of the discussion showed that the policy implementation of the BANTAR Village program in Paal Merah District has not been running optimally. This is proven by the fact that not all RTs in Paal Merah sub-district participate in the BANTAR Village program. The obstacle experienced is the lack of funds which causes the program has not run optimally then the second obstacles is many agencies involved causes this program to be hampered, so far the team is only an assessment team, not as development team, so there is no sustanibility of this program because the development team has not carried out their duties optimally. To overcome these problems, the authors suggest the need to make a budget for RTs that follow the program, there needs for socialization related to the program, conduct training for accompanying scholars, the need for CSR from companies in the BANTAR village area and reduce the agencies involved in the program.

Keywords: Policy, Implementations, Kampung BANTAR
PENERTIBAN PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA OLEH SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA DI KOTA PARIAMAN
Authors: Syamnoer Satria M.
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the process of controlling street vendors conducted by the Civil Service Police Unit in the City of Pariaman. How is the data collection on the street vendors, related to giving warnings to the street vendors who violated and the implementation of the regulation carried out by the Pariaman Municipal Civil Service Police Unit. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method with inductive approach. Data collection through interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, data verification and triangulation. In this study needed data in the form of primary and secondary data obtained through field service and agencies. From this research it shows that the process of controlling street vendors in the City of Pariaman by the Civil Service Police Unit has not been carried out optimally. This is because the Pariaman City Civil Service Police Unit has not conducted data collection properly and the attitude of the street hawkers who disregarded reprimands and appeals from the rule enforcers but when carried out in order instead demanded justice and mercy.

Keywords: control of street vendors
PENERIMAAN DAN RESISTENSI TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PENATAAN TRANSPORTASI ANGKUTAN UMUM DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Edie Arif Moelia
Published: January 2022

This study aims to explain the implementation of public transportation management policies by the Bandung City Government, particularly from the perspective of public acceptance and resistance to government policies. With a qualitative research design, it was found that the policy implementation encountered obstacles of low enthusiasm and less public acceptance. The policy does not create new substantial things, so people consider it only to replace the old situation. As a result, the process of change is slow, and it only becomes a circular and incremental change. To improve the policy, it is necessary to make binding rules in the form of mayor regulations on minimum standards for public transport services and regional regulations on transportation development master plans as guidelines in restructuring public transport routes so that they do not overlap.

Keywords: Policy Implementation; Public Acceptance; Public Resistance;  Public Transportation Arrangement
EVALUASI KELEMBAGAAN PERANGKAT DAERAH KABUPATEN KUNINGAN
Authors: Sinaga Jona Bungaran Basuki
Published: January 2022

This study evaluates the organizations, identifies the potential primary functions, and redesigns the institution of Kuningan Regency Government. The research design is qualitative, and the discussion is carried out by combining theoretical and legal analyses. The results present that the structural arrangement and task distribution within the organizations do not result in a harmony to achieve the development mission. The institutional design should refer to the regional vision and mission emphasizing on three primary functions: agriculture; tourism; environment. For this reason, it should pay attention to the strengthening and harmonizing the offices of agriculture, tourism, and environment, as well as those responsible in delivering education, health, public works and spatial planning, public housing and settlement, public order and social functions.

 

Keywords: Restructurization; Institutions; Local Department
THE ROLE OF THE TASKS IN IMPLEMENTING COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES RESTRICTIONS (PPKM) HANDLING COVID-19 IN SELAAWI DISTRICT, GARUT REGENCY
Authors: Firdaus Akbar Lucky , Pramudana Putri Dea Apsari , Suroso Arif Farhan
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this Field Practice Activity is to assess the efficiency of the COVID-19 task force's implementation in Selaawi District in dealing with COVID-19 and residents who have been proven positive for COVID-19. The Garut Regent's Decree establishes a Task Force for the Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions in Selaawi District, Garut Regency. The technique that was used a Literature Review and the roadblocks that it faces, including measures to restrict the spread of the corona virus, which have not been maximized. People are progressively disobeying 3M's health recommendations, such as wearing masks, cleaning their hands with soap, and keeping a safe distance. The large-scale social restriction (PSBB) strategy has aided the implementation of physical distance in Indonesia since the start of the pandemic. The remedy to this problem is to enforce 3M (masks, distance, and hand washing) in a systematic manner, as well as passively 3T (testing, tracing, and treatment) and raise public awareness about the necessity of health procedures through the COVID-19 task force. In this method, the handling efforts can yield the best results and have been successful in lowering positive numbers and lowering deaths.

Keywords: COVID-19, Emergency, Society, Implementation
PERAN SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA DALAM MENERTIBKAN MINUMAN BERALKOHOL DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Firdaus Restu Agung , Fadhilah Hasna Azmi
Published: January 2022

Problems regarding the role of the Civil Service Police Unit which are not running optimally so that it has an impact on peace and public order, namely the discovery of traders and consumers of alcoholic beverages due to lack of socialization and operations often used by traders and consumers to continue to circulate and consume. In connection with the research analysis, the authors use the theory of Biddle and Thomas. While the method used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used by interview, documentation and observation. From the results of the study, it was found that the Civil Service Police Unit was not optimal in carrying out its role. One of them is the enforcement of regional laws and regulations, which is still found abuse of alcoholic beverages, with indicators of weak supervision and weak faith of the people of Indramayu Regency itself. The efforts that have been made by the Indramayu Regency Civil Service Police Unit are through the development of members, the formation of Civil Servant Investigators, capacity building of employees, and supporting physical facilities.
IMPLEMENTASI PENERAPAN DISIPLIN DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM PROTOKOL KESEHATAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGENDALIAN COVID-19 DI KABUPATEN MAGELANG PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Anggraini Anggita Bayu
Published: January 2022

Implementasi penerapan disiplin dan penegakan hukum protokol kesehatan sebagai upayapencegahan dan pengendalian COVID-19 di Kabupaten Magelang Provinsi Jawa Tengahmerupakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran penegakan protokolkesehatan di Kabupaten Magelang serta mengetahui faktor penghambatnya. Penelitian inimenggunakan teori implementasi Edward III yang dilakukan berdasarkan empat variable,yaitu (1) Komunikasi, (2) Sumber Daya, (3) Disposisi, dan (4) Stuktur Birokrasi. Metodeyang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatifdengan cara eksploratif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga alat penelitian, yakni;wawancara, observasi, dan analisis. Hasil analisisnya adalah: (1) Kesadaran masyarakatyang rendah menyebabkan penerapan protokol kesehatan menjadi tidak maksimal 2) Sanksiyang diberlakukan tidak memberikan efek jera. (3) Keterbatasan Anggaran. Berdasarkanhasil tersebut, diperlukan kolaborasi proaktif dari semua unsur pemerintah pusat, pemerintahdaerah, serta masyarakat. Pengembangan inovasi dalam pencegahan persebaran COVID-19,serta sosialisasi agar dapat diterima secara ilmiah dikalangan masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Protokol Kesehatan, COVID-19
PENCEGAHAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DALAM RANGKA MELINDUNGI PEMUKIMAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Ambarita Alexander
Published: January 2022

Kondisi alam Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat dengan hutan dan lahan gambut yang rawan menjadi penyebab terjadi kebakaran hutan dan lahan saat musim kemarau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan dalam rangka melindungi pemukiman masyarakat melalui Peran Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan induktif. Teknik dalam pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik yang digunakan dalam analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, analisis SWOT dan penarikan kesimpulan. Temuan yang diperoleh penulis dalam penelitian ini yaitu pencegahan bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan dilakukan melalui adanya peran utama dari BPBD di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat dengan membentuk satuan tugas (satgas) penanganan kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang berkoordinasi dengan TNI/POLRI, Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA), Taruna Siaga Bencana (Tagana) dan manggala agni serta juga dengan memberikan sarana dan prasarana dalam pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan berupa pompa air, selang pemadam, pendirian pos pemantauan titik api serta memberikan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat dalam mengatasi kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Faktor penghambat yaitu ada beberapa tempat yang sulit untuk menjangkau lokasi kejadian kebakaran, lahan gambut yang sulit diatasi dan musim kemarau panjang sehingga kekurangan sumber air untuk dilakukan pemadaman. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan dengan membuat embung atau kolam penampungan air dan membuat kanal dengan menggunakan alat berat exacavator sebagai alat utama sehingga sumber air mudah didapatkan dan merumuskan strategi melalui analisis SWOT. Kesimpulan penelitian adalahsecara garis besar peran BPBD dalam menangani bencana ini sudah sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007, namun pada peIaksanaan terdapat beberapa kendala sehingga penulis memberikan saran yaitu, melakukan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat, melakukan koordinasi dengan BNPB dalam rangka pengadaan alat yang masih kurang seperti tabung oksigen bagi petugas penanganan kebakaran.

Kata Kunci : Peran; Pencegahan; Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan
Cumhuriyet’ten Günümüze İlk ve Ortaöğretimde Peygamber İnancı Öğretimi
Authors: HİRA Abdulkadir
Published: January 2022

Kritiğini yaptığımız eser, Cumhuriyet döneminden günümüze Peygamber inancı öğretimini incelemektedir. Eserde, ilk ve ortaöğretimde peygamber inancı öğretimi bağlamında müfredat programları incelenmiş, ilgili konuya yer veren ders kitaplarının içeriği analiz edilmiştir. Eser, din eğitimi alanına önemli bir katkı sunacak, ilgililer için ise faydalı olacaktır.
THE EFFECT OF ANKLE LIMITATION ON DYNAMIC BALANCE AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN CHILDREN WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Authors: ALKAN Halil , EREN Mahsum
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ankle limitation on dynamic balance and functional capacity in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). This cross-sectional study included thirty-six 6- to 11-year-old children with DMD who were followed up in the special education rehabilitation centers. In addition to recording of the demographic data of the children, ankle limitations were recorded in degrees using a goniometer. Dynamic balance and functional capacity of the patients were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), respectively. Ankle limitation had a statistically significant effect on dynamic balance and functional capacity of children with DMD (p = 0.008 and p = 0.006, respectively). In children with DMD, dynamic balance and functional capacity deteriorate as their ankle limitation increases. Treatment methods applied to increase/maintain joint range of motion in children with DMD should be added to the rehabilitation programs as early as possible.
Analysis of infeasible unit-commitment solutions arising in energy optimization
Authors: Delarmelina Secchin Leonardo , Matiussi Ramalho Guilherme , Sagastizábal Claudia , Silva Paulo , Vinente Kenny
Published: January 2022

The day-ahead problem of finding optimal dispatch and prices for the Brazilian power system is modeled as a mixed-integer problem, with nonconvexities related to fixed costs and minimal generation requirements for some thermal power plants. The computational tool DESSEM is currently run by the independent system operator, to define the dispatch for the next day in the whole country. DESSEM also computes marginal costs of operation that CCEE, the trading chamber, uses to determine the hourly prices for energy commercialization. The respective models sometimes produce an infeasible output. This work analyzes theoretically those infeasibilities, and proposes a prioritization to progressively resolve the constraint violation, in a manner that is sound from the practical point of view. Pros and cons of different mathematical formulations are analyzed. Special attention is put on robustness of the model, when the optimality requirements for the unit-commitment problem vary.
Examining Microagression Experiences of Women: The Case of İzmir
Authors: Uzun Mehmet , Gümüşçağlayan Gözde , Kağnıcı Dilek Yelda
Published: January 2022

Microagressions are experienced almost in all social interactions. However most of the time they are not noticed. One of the dimensions that microagressions are experienced is gender dimension. Therefore, in the present study the microagresssions experienced by women living in İzmir, Turkey was examined. Ten women participated to the study. The data was collected by interviews and analysized by content analysis. According to the results, women in İzmir have difficulties in terms of living as a woman. It was also found that women experience almost all type of microagressions mentioned in literature about gender. How women experience the microagression process was also examined in detail and the findings were discussed under the light of literature.
Filmlerle Öğrenmek: Derslik Deneyimlerine Toplumsal Cinsiyet Perspektifinden Bakmak
Authors: Doğan-Topçu Aslıhan , Kızılırmak Işıl
Published: January 2022

Sinema bir sanat dalı ve bir kitle iletişim aracı olarak sıklıkla incelenmektedir. Filmler bu işlevlerinin yanı sıra uzun zamandır eğitime yardımcı bir araç olarak da görülmektedir. Görsel işitsel materyallerin, özellikle filmlerin, eğitim materyali olarak kullanımı ile öğrencilerin kavramları somutlaştırması kolaylaşmaktadır. Filmlerin toplumsal cinsiyet ve medya derslerinde kullanımı da öğrencilerin bu kavramı sorgulamalarına yol açma potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Türkiye gibi cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin güçlü̈ biçimde deneyimlendiği bir ülkede, filmlerin materyal olarak kullanıldığı toplumsal cinsiyet temalı derslik deneyimlerinin incelenmesinin alan yazına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Buradan hareketle çalışmanın amacı, sinema sektörünün üreticilerini yetiştiren İletişim Fakültelerinde yürütülen ilgili derslerin kullanım pratiklerini açığa çıkarmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, öncelikle ilgili alanda ders veren öğretim elemanlarına ve filmlerin materyal olarak kullanıldığı derslerin öğrencilerine birer anket yönetilmiştir. Alınan yanıtlar doğrultusunda, derslerde materyal olarak kullanılan filmler, sinemanın toplumsal cinsiyet temsillerinin inşasına etkisi bağlamında incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın önemli bulgularından biri, öğretim elemanlarının filmleri ders materyali olarak kullanma amaçları ile öğrenci deneyimlerinin örtüşmediği ve öğrenciler için toplumsal cinsiyet kavramını anlamlandırmada filmlerin diğer materyallerden daha etkili olduğudur. Öğrenciler açısından filmlerin toplumsal cinsiyet pratiklerini anlamlandırmanın aracısına dönüştüğü̈ ve egemen dışı kimliklerin tanındığı eşitlikçi bir derslik deneyimine alan açtığı görülmüştür.
Hur kan 7-2 vara samma som 7-2?
Authors: Samuelsson Joakim
Published: January 2022

En sjuåring kom hem en dag och berättade att dom hade haft en vikarie i skolan. Vikarien hade sagt att ”När ni räknar ut 7-2 är det skillnaden mellan 7 och 2 som ni är räknar ut för att få svaret”. Det är lite konstigt sa eleven, för igår sa fröken att ” När ni räknar ut 7-2 ska ni ta bort två från 7 för att få svaret”. För oss som är vuxna är inte det svårt att förstå att båda har rätt men för en sjuåring som inte riktigt förstått principen med subtraktion riskerar lärarens språkanvändning att förvirra eleven. Hur man kan arbeta konsekvent med sin språkanvändning och vilken betydelse språkanvändningen har när lärare undervisar om subtraktion diskuteras i denna artikel. På grund av en rådande pandemi gick vi inte hela vägen in i mål, därför är ambitionen med denna text att visa hur vi arbetade, hur långt vi kom, hur vi tänkte arbeta vidare. Syftet med texten är därför att den ska dels ge en bild av hur man kan resonera om sin undervisning om subtraktion, dels ge en bild av hur man på ett kvalificerat sätt kan arbeta med att bli ännu tydligare i sin undervisning.
Wheat Production Alters Soil Microbial Profiles and Enhances Beneficial Microbes in Double-Cropping Soybean
Authors: Rocha Leonardo F. , Bond Jason P. , Fakhoury Ahmad M.
Published: January 2022

Plant-parasitic nematodes represent a substantial constraint on global food security by reducing the yield potential of all major crops. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is widely distributed across important soybean production areas of the U.S., being the major soybean yield-limiting factor, especially in the Midwestern U.S. Double cropped (DC) soybean is commonly planted following winter wheat. We previously reported double-cropping soybean fields with reduced SCN counts compared to fallow at both R1 growth stage (beginning of flowering) (−31.8%) and after soybean harvest (−32.7%). To test if higher counts of beneficial and SCN antagonistic microorganisms could be correlated with the suppression of SCN in fields previously planted with wheat, three field locations with noted SCN suppression were selected for a metagenomics study. Ten subplots were selected (5 wheat and 5 fallow pre-soybean) from each location. A total of 90 soil samples were selected: 3 fields ×2 treatments × 3 timepoints × 5 replications. Three DNA markers targeted distinct microbial groups: bacteria (16S V4-V5), fungi (ITS2), and Fusarium (tef1). Amplicons were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform (300 bp paired-end). Sequencing datasets were processed in R using the DADA2 pipeline. Fungal populations were affected by location in all sampling periods and differed significantly between DC and fallow plots at soybean planting and after harvest (P < 0.001). Several enriched fungal and bacterial taxa in wheat plots, including Mortierella, Exophiala, Conocybe, Rhizobacter spp., and others, were previously reported to parasitize SCN and other plant-parasitic nematodes, suggesting a potential role of beneficial microbes in suppression of SCN in soybean fields double-cropped with wheat.
In Situ Investigation of Under-Deposit Microbial Corrosion and its Inhibition Using a Multi-Electrode Array System
Authors: Suarez Erika M. , Lepková Kateřina , Forsyth Maria , Tan Mike Y. , Kinsella Brian , Machuca Laura L.
Published: January 2022

Carbon steel pipelines used in the oil and gas industry can be susceptible to the combined presence of deposits and microorganisms, which can result in a complex phenomenon, recently termed under-deposit microbial corrosion (UDMC). UDMC and its inhibition in CO2 ambiance were investigated in real-time using a multi-electrode array (MEA) system and surface profilometry analysis. Maps from corrosion rates, galvanic currents, and corrosion potentials recorded at each microelectrode allowed the visualization of local corrosion events on the steel surface. A marine bacterium Enterobacter roggenkampii, an iron-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing microorganism, generated iron deposits on the surface that resulted in pitting corrosion under anaerobic conditions. Areas under deposits displayed anodic behavior, more negative potentials, higher corrosion rates, and pitting compared to areas outside deposits. In the presence of the organic film-forming corrosion inhibitor, 2-Mercaptopyrimidine, the marine bacterium induced local breakdown of the protective inhibitor film and subsequent pitting corrosion of carbon steel. The ability of the MEA system to locally measure self-corrosion processes, galvanic effects and, corrosion potentials across the surface demonstrated its suitability to detect, evaluate and monitor the UDMC process as well as the efficiency of corrosion inhibitors to prevent this corrosion phenomenon. This research highlights the importance of incorporating the microbial component to corrosion inhibitors evaluation to ensure chemical effectiveness in the likely scenario of deposit formation and microbial contamination in oil and gas production equipment.
Climate Change Impacts on Polar Marine Ecosystems: Toward Robust Approaches for Managing Risks and Uncertainties
Authors: Ottersen Geir , Constable Andrew J. , Hollowed Anne B. , Holsman Kirstin K. , Melbourne-Thomas Jess , Muelbert Mônica M. C. , Skern-Mauritzen Mette
Published: January 2022

The Polar Regions chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts on polar marine ecosystems and associated consequences for humans. It also includes identification of confidence for major findings based on agreement across studies and weight of evidence. Sources of uncertainty, from the extent of available datasets, to resolution of projection models, to the complexity and understanding of underlying social-ecological linkages and dynamics, can influence confidence. Here we, marine ecosystem scientists all having experience as lead authors of IPCC reports, examine the evolution of confidence in observed and projected climate-linked changes in polar ecosystems since SROCC. Further synthesis of literature on polar marine ecosystems has been undertaken, especially within IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Working Group II; for the Southern Ocean also the Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean (MEASO). These publications incorporate new scientific findings that address some of the knowledge gaps identified in SROCC. While knowledge gaps have been narrowed, we still find that polar region assessments reflect pronounced geographical skewness in knowledge regarding the responses of marine life to changing climate and associated literature. There is also an imbalance in scientific focus; especially research in Antarctica is dominated by physical oceanography and cryosphere science with highly fragmented approaches and only short-term funding to ecology. There are clear indications that the scientific community has made substantial progress in its ability to project ecosystem responses to future climate change through the development of coupled biophysical models of the region facilitated by increased computer power allowing for improved resolution in space and time. Lastly, we point forward—providing recommendations for future advances for IPCC assessments.
Functions of Hybrid Media: How Parties and Their Leaders Use Traditional Media in Their Social Media Campaign Communication
Authors: Paatelainen Laura , Kannasto Elisa , Isotalus Pekka
Published: January 2022

Political campaign communication has become increasingly hybrid and the ability to create synergies between older and newer media is now a prerequisite for running a successful campaign. Nevertheless, beyond establishing that parties and individual politicians use social media to gain visibility in traditional media, not much is known about how political actors use the hybrid media system in their campaign communication. At the same time, the personalization of politics, shown to have increased in the media coverage of politics, has gained little attention in the context of today’s hybrid media environment. In this research we analyze one aspect of hybrid media campaign communication, political actors’ use of traditional media in their social media campaign communication. Through a quantitative content analysis of the Facebook, Twitter and Instagram posts of Finnish parties and their leaders published during the 2019 Finnish parliamentary elections, we find that much of this hybridized campaign communication was personalized. In addition, we show that parties and their leaders used traditional media for multiple purposes, the most common of which was gaining positive visibility, pointing to strategic considerations. The results have implications for both the scholarship on hybrid media systems and personalization of politics.
Photobiocatalysis in Continuous Flow
Authors: Chanquia Santiago Nahuel , Valotta Alessia , Gruber-Woelfler Heidrun , Kara Selin
Published: January 2022

In the last years, there were two fields that experienced an astonishing growth within the biocatalysis community: photobiocatalysis and applications of flow technology to catalytic processes. Therefore, it is not a surprise that the combination of these two research areas also gave place to several recent interesting articles. However, to the best of our knowledge, no review article covering these advances was published so far. Within this review, we present recent and very recent developments in the field of photobiocatalysis in continuous flow, we discuss several different practical applications and features of state-of-the art photobioreactors and lastly, we present some future perspectives in the field.
A Model for the Apparent Gas Permeability of Shale Matrix Organic Nanopore Considering Multiple Physical Phenomena
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhang Xiaowei , Yu Rongze , Kang Lixia , Gao Jinliang , Liu Yuyang
Published: January 2022

The flow of shale gas in nano scale pores is affected by multiple physical phenomena. At present, the influence of multiple physical phenomena on the transport mechanism of gas in nano-pores is not clear, and a unified mathematical model to describe these multiple physical phenomena is still not available. In this paper, an apparent permeability model was established, after comprehensively considering three gas flow mechanisms in shale matrix organic pores, including viscous slippage Flow, Knudsen diffusion and surface diffusion of adsorbed gas, and real gas effect and confinement effect, and at the same time considering the effects of matrix shrinkage, stress sensitivity, adsorption layer thinning, confinement effect and real gas effect on pore radius. The contribution of three flow mechanisms to apparent permeability under different pore pressure and pore size is analyzed. The effects of adsorption layer thinning, stress sensitivity, matrix shrinkage effect, real gas effect and confinement effect on apparent permeability were also systematically analyzed. The results show that the apparent permeability first decreases and then increases with the decrease of pore pressure. With the decrease of pore pressure, matrix shrinkage, Knudsen diffusion, slippage effect and surface diffusion effect increase gradually. These four effects will not only make up for the permeability loss caused by stress sensitivity and adsorption layer, but also significantly increase the permeability. With the decrease of pore radius, the contribution of slippage flow decreases, and the contributions of Knudsen diffusion and surface diffusion increase gradually. With the decrease of pore radius and the increase of pore pressure, the influence of real gas effect and confinement effect on permeability increases significantly. Considering real gas and confinement effect, the apparent permeability of pores with radius of 5 nm is increased by 13.2%, and the apparent permeability of pores with radius of 1 nm is increased by 61.3%. The apparent permeability model obtained in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for more accurate measurement of permeability of shale matrix and accurate evaluation of productivity of shale gas horizontal wells.
Association Between Prediabetes and Erectile Dysfunction: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jin Mingyu , Yuan Shaoying , Wang Bo , Yi Luqi , Wang Chenxia
Published: January 2022

Background

Diabetes has been associated with the increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, previous studies evaluating the association between prediabetes and ED showed inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to systematically evaluate the above association.

Methods

Relevant observational studies were retrieved by search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A random-effect model which incorporated the potential intra-study heterogeneity was used for the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the influences of study characteristics on the outcome.

Results

Nine studies (five matched case-control studies and four cross-sectional studies) were included. Age were adjusted or matched in all of the studies. Pooled results showed that compared to men with normoglycemia, men with prediabetes were associated with higher prevalence of ED (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.28 to 2.07, P < 0.001; I2 = 78%). Subgroup analyses showed that the association was not significantly affected by definition of prediabetes, diagnostic tool for ED, or controlling of additional variables besides age (both P for subgroup difference > 0.05). However, the association between prediabetes and ED seemed to be stronger in case-control studies than that in cross-sectional studies, and in studies with younger men (mean age < 50 years) than in those with older men (mean age ≥ 50 years; both P for subgroup difference < 0.05).

Conclusions

Prediabetes is associated with higher prevalence of ED, which may be independent of age of the males and may be stronger in young men.
Prescription of Physical Activity by General Practitioners in Type 2 Diabetes: Practice and Barriers in French Guiana
Authors: Dranebois Stephanie , Lalanne-Mistrih Marie Laure , Nacher Mathieu , Thelusme Liliane , Deungoue Sandra , Demar Magalie , Dueymes Maryvonne , Drak Alsibai Kinan , Sabbah Nadia
Published: January 2022

Background

General practitioners (GPs) are the major primary healthcare players in the management of type 2 diabetes. In addition to a well-balanced diet, physical activity (PA) appears as a necessary non-medicinal therapy in the management of diabetic patients. However, GPs emphasize several obstacles to its prescription. The aim of this study is to evaluate the practices, barriers, and factors favoring the prescription of PA in type 2 diabetic patients by GPs in French Guiana.

Method

We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study using a questionnaire, designed to interview 152 French Guiana GPs and describe their practice in prescribing PA in type 2 diabetic patients.

Results

Our results revealed that the prescription of PA as a non-medicinal therapeutic choice in the management of type 2 diabetes was practiced by 74% of the French Guiana GPs. However, only 37% of GPs responded that they implemented the recommendations; indeed, only one-third knew about them. The majority of GPs were interested in PA training, but only 11% were actually trained in this practice. The lack of structure adapted to the practice of PA and the lack of awareness of the benefits of PA in metabolic pathology appeared as the main obstacles to PA prescription.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of improving the training of GPs in the prescription of PA, the development of adapted PA structures, and collaboration between the different actors within the framework of the sport-health system in type 2 diabetes in French Guiana.
Effect of Human Disturbance on Bird Telomere Length: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Tablado Zulima , Bötsch Yves , Powolny Thibaut , Massemin Sylvie , Zahn Sandrine , Jenni-Eiermann Susanne , Jenni Lukas
Published: January 2022

Human recreational activities increase worldwide in space and frequency leading to higher rates of encounter between humans and wild animals. Because wildlife often perceive humans as predators, this increase in human disturbance may have negative consequences for the individuals and also for the viability of populations. Up to now, experiments on the effects of human disturbance on wildlife have mainly focused on individual behavioral and stress-physiological reactions, on breeding success, and on survival. However, the effects on other physiological parameters and trans-generational effects remain poorly understood. We used a low-intensity experimental disturbance in the field to explore the impacts of human disturbance on telomere length in great tit (Parus major) populations and found a clear effect of disturbance on telomere length. Adult males, but not females, in disturbed plots showed shorter telomere lengths when compared to control plot. Moreover, variation in telomere length of adult great tits was reflected in the next generation, as we found a positive correlation between telomere length of the chicks and of their fathers. Given that telomere length has been linked to animal lifespan, our study highlights that activities considered to be of little concern (i.e., low levels of disturbance) can have a long-lasting impact on the physiology and survival of wild animals and their next generation.
Sampling Designs for Monitoring Ichthyoplankton in the Estuary Area: A Case Study on Coilia mystus in the Yangtze Estuary
Authors: Long Xiangyu , Wan Rong , Li Zengguang , Wang Dong , Song Pengbo , Zhang Fan
Published: January 2022

A fishery-independent survey can provide detailed information for fishery assessment and management. However, the sampling design for the survey on ichthyoplankton in the estuary area is still poorly understood. In this study, we developed six stratified schemes with various sample sizes, attempting to find cost-efficient sampling designs for monitoring Coilia mystus ichthyoplankton in the Yangtze Estuary. The generalized additive model (GAM) with the Tweedie distribution was used to quantify the “true” distribution of C. mystus eggs and larvae, based on the data from the fishery-independent survey in 2019–2020. The performances of different sampling designs were evaluated by relative estimation error (REE), relative bias (RB), and coefficient of variation (CV). The results indicated that appropriate stratifications with intra-stratum homogeneity and inter-stratum heterogeneity could improve precision. The stratified schemes should be divided not only between the North Branch and South Branch but between river and sea. No less than two stratifications in the South Branch could also get better performance. The sample sizes of 45–55 were considered as the cost-efficient range. Compared to other monitoring programs, monitoring ichthyoplankton in the estuary area required a more complex stratification and a higher resolution sampling. The design ideology and optimization methodology in our study would provide references to sampling designs for ichthyoplankton in the estuary area.
Factors Influencing the Interannual Variation in Biomass of Bottom-Cultured Yesso Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) in the Changhai Sea Area, China
Authors: Nan Xueliang , Wei Hao , Zhang Haiyan , Nie Hongtao
Published: January 2022

Understanding how environmental factors impact the interannual variation in scallop growth and subsequently developing an easily obtained parameter to indicate this variation could provide a scientific basis for optimizing their aquaculture. In this study, we have set a growth scenario of uniformly sowed scallops of the same initial size in the Changhai sea area. The Yesso scallop culture ecosystem model was used to simulate the growth of bottom-cultured Yesso scallop each year from December 1, 2006 to November 30, 2017. The results show that the annual growth rate was higher in the northwest than in the southeast, and there were obvious high-value areas near the islands. The scallop biomass was significantly lower in 2009–2010 and reached its highest point in 2013–2014. Based on the match-mismatch conditions of bottom-water temperature, food availability, and the Yesso scallop growth process, three factors were determined: suitable growth days (SGD), restricted growth days (RGD), and food accumulation (FA). Subsequently, a multiple regression relationship was proposed with scallop biomass to explore the reasons affecting the interannual variations in scallop growth. We found that the anomaly of the contribution of SGD and FA for the scallop growth was small, and the interannual variation in scallop biomass was mainly regulated by RGD in winter. Our results indicated that the interannual variation in RGD in winter was closely related to the regional averaged air temperature in early winter. The air temperature in early winter is easily obtained in practice. Consequently, it could be used to predict the interannual growth of bottom-cultured scallops to improve aquaculture planning and management.
A Thrombomodulin Promoter Gene Polymorphism, rs2239562, Influences Both Susceptibility to and Outcome of Sepsis
Authors: Watanabe Eizo , Takasu Osamu , Teratake Youichi , Sakamoto Teruo , Ikeda Toshiaki , Kotani Joji , Kitamura Nobuya , Ohmori Masaaki , Teratani Ayako , Honda Goichi , Hatano Masahiko , Mayer Benjamin , Schneider E. Marion , Oda Shigeto
Published: January 2022

Objective: Disseminated intravascular coagulation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Thrombomodulin is essential in the protein C system of coagulation cascade, and functional polymorphisms influence the human thrombomodulin gene (THBD). Therefore, we conducted a multicenter study to evaluate the influence of such polymorphisms on the pathophysiology of sepsis.

Methods: A collaborative case-control study in the intensive care unit (ICU) of each of five tertiary emergency centers. The study included 259 patients (of whom 125 displayed severe sepsis), who were admitted to the ICU of Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan between October 2001 and September 2008 (discovery cohort) and 793 patients (of whom 271 patients displayed severe sepsis), who were admitted to the five ICUs between October 2008 and September 2012 (multicenter validation cohort). To assess the susceptibility to severe sepsis, we further selected 222 critically ill patients from the validation cohort matched for age, gender, morbidity, and severity with the patients with severe sepsis, but without any evidence of sepsis.

Results: We examined whether the eight THBD single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with susceptibility to and/or mortality of sepsis. Higher mortality on severe sepsis in the discovery and combined cohorts was significantly associated with the CC genotype in a THBD promoter SNP (−1920*C/G; rs2239562) [odds ratio [OR] 2.709 (1.067–6.877), P = 0.033 and OR 1.768 (1.060–2.949), P = 0.028]. Furthermore, rs2239562 SNP was associated with susceptibility to severe sepsis [OR 1.593 (1.086–2.338), P = 0.017].

Conclusions: The data demonstrate that rs2239562, the THBD promoter SNP influences both the outcome and susceptibility to severe sepsis.