bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The behavioural effects of predator-induced stress responses in the cricket (Gryllus texensis): the upside of the stress response
Authors: Adamo Shelley A. , Kovalko Ilya , Mosher Brianna
Published: December 2013

Predator-induced stress responses are thought to reduce an animal's risk of being eaten. Therefore, these stress responses should enhance anti-predator behaviour. We found that individual insects (the cricket Gryllus texensis) show reliable behavioural responses (i.e. behavioural types) in a plus-shaped maze. An individual's behaviour in the plus maze remained consistent for at least 1/2 of its adult life. However, after exposure to a model predator, both male and female crickets showed a reduced period of immobility and an increased amount of time spent under shelter compared with controls. These changes could be mimicked by injections of the insect stress neurohormone octopamine. These behavioural changes probably aid crickets in evading predators. Exposure to a model predator increased the ability of crickets to escape a live predator (a bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps). An injection of octopamine had the same effect, showing that stress hormones can reduce predation. Using crickets to study the fitness consequences of predator-induced stress responses will help integrate ecological and biomedical concepts of ‘stress’.
Modulation of Intramolecular Hydrogen-bonding Strength by Axial Ligands in Ruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Oyama Dai , Yamanaka Takashi , Fukuda Ayumi , Takase Tsugiko
Published: December 2013

To modulate and evaluate the strength of noncovalent interactions experimentally, mononuclear ruthenium aqua complexes ([Ru(dnp)(OH2)L2]2+: dnp: 2,6-di(1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)pyridine, L = pyridine or triphenylphosphine) that are capable of forming multiple intramolecular hydrogen bonds have been prepared. In both solution and the solid state, the intramolecular hydrogen-bonding strength in these complexes can be regulated by the axial ligand (L).
A close call: does the location of incision at cesarean delivery matter in patients with vasa previa? A case report.
Authors: Neuhausser Werner M , Baxi Laxmi V
Published: December 2013

We present here a case of vasa previa in a multipara, diagnosed at the time of her late second trimester ultrasonogram. The patient subsequently underwent an elective cesarean section after 37 weeks gestation, giving birth to a healthy child with an uneventful post-partum, neonatal and infant course. At the time of cesarean section, the incision was gradually deepened in layers through the myometrium by utmost care allowing the amniotic sac to protrude through the uterine incision hereby avoiding laceration of the vasa previa and its branches. Fetal exsanguination and a need for blood transfusion as well as a possible adverse neonatal course were therefore avoided.
A global infrageneric classification system for the genus Crotalaria (Leguminosae) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Authors: le Roux M. Marianne , Boatwright James S. , van Wyk Ben-Erik
Published: December 2013

Crotalaria is a large genus of 702 species with its centre of diversity in tropical Africa and Madagascar and secondary radiations in other parts of the world. The current infrageneric classification system is based on morphological and morphometric studies of the African taxa only and is here re‐evaluated using a phylogenetic approach. DNA sequences derived from the nuclear ITS and the plastid matK, psbA‐trnH and rbcLa markers were analyzed using parsimony and model‐based (Bayesian) approaches. The resultant molecular phylogeny allowed for a new interpretation of diagnostically important morphological characters, including specialisations of the calyx, keel, standard petal and style, which are variously convergent in several unrelated infrageneric groups. Of particular interest is the congruence between the new phylogeny and the distribution of standard petal callosity types. A sectional classification system for the entire genus is proposed for the first time. The new system that is formalised here comprises eleven sections: Amphitrichae, Calycinae, Crotalaria, Geniculatae, Glaucae, Grandiflorae, Hedriocarpae, Incanae, Schizostigma, Borealigeniculatae and Stipulosae. Sectional limits of the Geniculatae, Calycinae and Crotalaria are modified. The subsections Stipulosae, Glaucae and Incanae are raised to sectional level, while some groups previously recognized as subsections are abandoned due to non‐monophyly (subsections Chrysocalycinae, Hedriocarpae, Macrostachyae and Tetralobocalyx). Two new sections are recognized, Amphitrichae and Borealigeniculatae.
The potential of genomics in plant systematics
Authors: Soltis Douglas E. , Gitzendanner Matthew A. , Stull Gregory , Chester Michael , Chanderbali Andre , Chamala Srikar , Jordon-Thaden Ingrid , Soltis Pamela S. , Schnable Patrick S. , Barbazuk W. Brad
Published: December 2013

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized molecular systematics as well as population and conservation genetics. It is now possible to obtain enormous amounts of gene sequence data from any species in a short time at low cost. More technological advances are on the horizon, ensuring that this trend will continue throughout the coming decade. These rapid advances provide unprecedented opportunities in systematics; they also pose new challenges, requiring that the next generation of systematists be well‐versed in new skill sets (e.g., bioinformatics). As examples of the potential of NGS, it is now possible to develop genetic resources for any plant system that poses intriguing evolutionary questions. During the next decade many new "evolutionary model systems" will become available as systematists rapidly develop the necessary genetic/genomic frameworks for many previously unstudied plants. Phylogenetic reconstruction will be conducted at an unprecedented pace at both deep and fine scales with datasets of numerous taxa and genes—this includes rapid progress on assembling a more comprehensive Tree of Life for green plants. For example, complete plastid genome sequencing is now routinely facilitating analyses of hundreds of taxa at deep levels, as well as enabling complete plastid genome phylogeographic analyses at the population level. Gene capture methods hold enormous promise for the rapid and inexpensive analyses of complete plastid genomes, as well as studies of hundreds of selected (targeted) nuclear loci. NGS has also had a big impact on population genetics, initially by dramatically simplifying microsatellite marker development, but more recently by opening new possibilities through various genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approaches that have great potential to expand on the types of questions that can be addressed at the population level. Transcriptome sequencing has enabled the construction of large datasets of nuclear genes while also providing a wealth of plastid and mitochondrial genes. NGS has also facilitated probe development for studies of chromosomes using FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization). NGS is also making the rapid sequencing of complete nuclear genomes routine, thus transforming our field and opening up new avenues of systematic endeavor in comparative genomics. However, even as sequencing costs drop and technological advances make complete nuclear genome sequencing more commonplace, genome assembly will remain a major challenge.
Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of Hypocenomyce sensu lato (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes): Extreme polyphyly and morphological/ecological convergence
Authors: Bendiksby Mika , Timdal Einar
Published: December 2013

We have addressed phylogenetic relationships and tested hypotheses about five presumed subgroups among 15 species of Hypocenomyce s.l. (including Pycnora) by use of nuclear (ITS, LSU) and mitochondrial (SSU) ribosomal DNA‐regions. Bayesian, likelihood and parsimony phylogenetic analyses, of a dataset with broad Lecanoromycete taxon sampling, mostly support the five presumed subgroups, but two of these were found to be polyphyletic (the H. friesii‐group and Pycnora). The seven supported Hypocenomyce s.l. clades belong in different genera, families, orders and even subclasses, and represent a remarkable example of morphological and ecological convergence. Based on our molecular phylogenetic results, we split Hypocenomyce into four genera placed in two subclasses: (1) Carbonicola gen. nov. (Carbonicolaceae fam. nov., Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetidae; including C. anthracophila comb. nov., C. foveata comb. nov., and C. myrmecina comb. nov.); (2) Fulgidea gen. nov. (Umbilicariaceae, Umbilicariales, Umbilicariomycetidae subcl. nov.; including F. oligospora comb. nov. and F. sierrae comb. nov.); (3) Hypocenomyce (Ophioparmaceae, Umbilicariales; including H. australis, H. scalaris, and H. tinderryensis; and (4) Xylopsora gen. nov. (Umbilicariaceae; including X. caradocensis comb. nov. and X. friesii comb. nov.). We split Pycnora into two genera: (1) Pycnora (Pycnoraceae fam. nov., Candelariales, "Candelariomycetidae"; including P. praestabilis, P. sorophora, and P. xanthococca); and (2) Toensbergia gen. nov. (Sporastatiaceae fam. nov., unknown order, Lecanoromycetidae; including T. leucococca comb. nov.). We place Hypocenomyce isidiosa in Xylographa (Trapeliaceae, Baeomycetales, Ostropomycetidae; X. isidiosa comb. nov.). We place the family Ophioparmaceae in the Umbilicariales. Our type studies have shown that the epithet “myrmecina” should replace “castaneocinerea”, and lectotypes are chosen for Lecidea friesii Ach., L. scalaris var. myrmecina Ach., Psora cladonioides var. albocervina Räsänen, and P. cladonioides var. castaneocinerea Räsänen. Elixia cretica is reported as new to North America (from Mexico) and Australia.
Shangwua (Compositae), a new genus from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and Himalayas
Authors: Wang Yu-Jin , von Raab-Straube Eckhard , Susanna Alfonso , Liu Jian-Quan
Published: December 2013

A new genus of Compositae, Shangwua, is described to accomodate all species formerly placed in Saussurea sect. Jacea. This genus is distinct from the other genera of tribe Cardueae in its unique combination of states of characters including involucral bracts, receptacle, paleae, anther, style, achene and pappus. Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data suggest that this new genus belongs to the Xeranthemum group, a lineage of the Carduinae that diversified early, with only distant relationships to Saussurea and related genera. The genus Shangwua consists of three species occurring in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and Himalayas.
The sad story of Agaricus rhacodes/rachodes: Why would an orthographical error with limited current use become accepted through conservation?
Authors: Demoulin Luc , Demoulin Vincent
Published: December 2013

The spelling rachodes used by Vittadini in 1833 for a new species of Agaricus has often been considered a correct‐ able orthographical error for rhacodes. Use of the original spelling has however been occasional and was recently promoted by Vellinga and coworkers. The arguments used to support this practice, especially developed by Vellinga and Pennycook, when proposing conservation of rachodes in 2010 are refuted. It is shown that it is philologically illogical to assume an adjective rachodes could have been created, while the existing rhacodes was obviously meant. The use of the two spellings presented by Vellinga and Pennycook is shown to be incomplete. The conclusion is that rachodes should be corrected under Art. 60.1 to rhacodes, the spelling used for every other organism with that epithet, and that this correction is far more universal, including outside Europe, than the usage claimed for justifying a conservation of rachodes. The expenditure of energy caused by the Vellinga and Pennycook proposal shows that new ways to handle orthography of scientific names should be explored.
The Early Cretaceous Aroid, Spixiarum kipea gen. et sp. nov., and implications on early dispersal and ecology of basal monocots
Authors: Coiffard Clément , Mohr Barbara A.R. , Bernardes-de-Oliveira Mary E.C.
Published: December 2013

Morphology and anatomy of a fossil monocotyledon from the late Early Cretaceous and extant monocots are compared. Anatomy was examined based on publications, while leaf morphology, especially the venation, required new observations on fresh and herbarium material. Spixiarum kipea gen. et sp. nov. belongs most likely to Araceae, and may be sister to Orontioideae or is even part of this tribe. Consequently, proto‐Araceae were most likely present during the Early Cretaceous in South America. The occurrence of Spixiarum in South America indicates a north Gondwana origin for Orontioideae and and thus may indicate a Gondwanan origin for proto‐Araceae. Sedimentological and taphonomic context indicate that Spixiarum had probably a helophytic ecology similar to living Orontioideae and formed possibly the aquatic vegetation of the Crato Lake in association with the Nymphaeales Pluricarpellatia peltata and Jaguariba wiersemana. Early Cretaceous monocotyledon remains have been rarely recorded. It is debatable if their scarceness is a sign of low diversity or may be due to taphonomic/ecologic reasons.
Editorial Notes
Authors: Agarwal Ritu
Published: December 2013

In this end of the year editorial commentary ISR's accomplishments for 2013 are summarized. I recognize the contribution of members of the editorial board who are retiring and welcome new editorial team members. Winners of the annual ISR awards for 2012, including best paper, AE of the year, and reviewer of the year are acknowledged and congratulated. An overview of changes to the journal's mission for 2014 is presented. The commentary closes with a discussion of papers in this issue. The research commentaries, articles, and notes span a broad gamut of research domains and theoretical traditions, ranging from digital networks, to information technology value, to online communities, to the design of software for games. The papers also exhibit considerable methodological diversity, including econometric analyses, qualitative approaches, and analytical modeling.
Not God’s own country: The cinema of Adoor Gopalakrishnan
Authors: Ganguly Suranjan
Published: December 2013

Adoor Gopalakrishnan, India’s most distinguished contemporary film-maker, has made eleven award-winning films and over 40 documentaries, most of which are set in his native state of Kerala, in southern India. A 1965 graduate of the Film and Television Institute of Pune, his first film, Swayamvaram/One’s Own Choice (1972), heralded the New Wave in Kerala. It is Kerala’s abrupt displacement from a princely feudal state into twentieth-century modernity that forms the backdrop to most of his complex narratives about identity, selfhood and otherness in which innocence is often at stake and characters grapple with their consciences. The films deal with eviction and dislocation, with the precarious nature of space, and the search for home. They are also about power and its abuse within a destructive patriarchy and the abject conditions of servility it breeds. At the same time, these narratives are usually placed within the larger frameworks of guilt and redemption in which the hope of emancipation – moral, spiritual and creative – is a real one.
Of goats, lambs, sheep and wolves: Chinese animation and cultural industries
Authors: Xiaying Xu , Kam Tan See , Wei Jiang
Published: December 2013

This article contains an interview with Messrs. Lo Wing Keung, Shao Haowen and Don Wu who are the creative force behind one of China’s most foremost and longest running animation series called Xi Yang Yang yu Hui Tai Lang/The Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (2005–). The interview discusses developments in Chinese creative/cultural industries and animation production for TV and film, as well as issues of intellectual property.
Reviews
Authors: Martin Diana , Bristow Robert S. , Sigala Marianna
Published: December 2013

On the Move: The Journey of Refugees in New Literatures in English, Geetha Ganapathy-Doré and Helga Ramsey-Kurz (eds) (2012) Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholar Publishing, 195 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4438-3990-7, (hbk), £39.99

Sustainable Culinary Systems: Local Foods, Innovation, Tourism and Hospitality, C. Michael Hall and Stefan Gössling (eds) (2013) Abingdon: Routledge, 312 pp., ISBN 978-0-415-53370-6, (hbk), £85.00 ISBN 978-0-203-11407-0 eBook, £59.50

Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry: Principles of Sustainable Operations, Philip Sloan, Willy Legrand and Joseph S. Chen (2013) 2nd ed., Abingdon: Routledge, xii+371 pp., ISBN 978-0-415-53124-5,(pbk), £34.99
Staging Dissonance: Artist Placement Group’s Performative (Non-)Exhibitions
Authors: Hudek Antony
Published: December 2013

Despite the recent resurgence of interest in Artist Placement Group (APG) – founded in 1966 by Barbara Steveni and a number of progressive artists to negotiate remunerated placements on behalf of artists in industrial and governmental contexts – the Group’s history has attracted criticism for a perceived lack of ideological sophistication. These attacks are hardly new: they greeted APG’s exhibitions in 1971 in Düsseldorf and London. This article returns to these two exhibitions, and their central discursive element titled The Sculpture, to argue that APG’s ideological awareness was in fact acute. By turning to curatorial stagecraft, APG successfully exacerbated, and thereby questioned, the entrenched oppositions between ‘right’ vs. ‘left’ and ‘studio based’ vs. ‘socially engaged’ artist.
Exhibiting Postwar German Art in the 1950s: The Politics of Exclusion
Authors: McComas Jennifer
Published: December 2013

Exhibitions mounted during the Cold War frequently advanced ideological messages, yet the cultural initiatives of the divided Germany have received little attention. The first major postwar surveys of German modernism held in English-speaking countries – A Hundred Years of German Painting at London’s Tate Gallery (1956) and German Art of the Twentieth Century at the Museum of Modern Art in New York (1957) – offered West German curators opportunities to convey important cultural and political messages to foreign audiences. Both exhibitions concentrated on Expressionism, but also included a sampling of postwar abstraction from West Germany. Politically engaged examples of German modernism, however, were almost entirely excluded. Positioning these exhibitions within the context of West Germany’s postwar cultural reconstruction, this article considers the curatorial motivations for these artistic choices and examines the exhibitions’ critical reception. Basing this study on documents from both museums’ archives, I contend that these exhibitions, which were sponsored by the West German government, functioned as mediums for cultural diplomacy.
Activating Sculpture: The Curatorial Program of Sculture nella città
Authors: Sullivan Marin R.
Published: December 2013

This article examines the curatorial program of Sculture nella città, an outdoor sculpture exhibition in Spoleto, Italy during the summer of 1962. Aided by the patronage of the national steel conglomerate Italsider, the curator of the exhibition, Giovanni Carandente, made explicit connections between emergent postwar industry and the new materials, growing scale, and unconventional display embraced by contemporary sculptors. Crucial to achieving this goal was a calculated public relations campaign, bolstered by thousands of photographs by Ugo Mulas that substantiated Carandente’s curatorial decisions. The photographs show how Sculture nella città institutionalized sculpture as something activated, not completed, through its installation.
Clinical value of protein expression of kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) in ovarian cancer
Authors: Dorn Julia , Gkazepis Apostolos , Kotzsch Matthias , Kremer Marcus , Propping Corinna , Mayer Katharina , Mengele Karin , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Kiechle Marion , Magdolen Viktor , Schmitt Manfred
Published: December 2013

Expression of the kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is dysregulated in ovarian cancer. We assessed KLK7 expression by ELISA and quantitative immunohistochemistry and analyzed its association with clinicopathological parameters and patients’ outcome. KLK7 antigen concentrations were determined in tumor tissue extracts of 98 ovarian cancer patients by ELISA. For analysis of KLK7 immunoexpression in ovarian cancer tissue microarrays, a manual quantitative scoring system as well as a software tool for quantitative high-throughput automated image analysis was used. In immunohistochemical analyses, expression levels of KLK7 were not associated with patients’ outcome. However, in multivariate analyses, KLK7 antigen levels in tumor tissue extracts were significantly associated with both overall and progression-free survival: ovarian cancer patients with high KLK7 levels had a significantly, 2-fold lower risk of death [hazard ratio (HR)=0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.29–0.90, p=0.019] or relapse [HR=0.47, 95% CI=0.25–0.91, p=0.024), as compared with patients who displayed low KLK7 levels. Our results indicate that – in contrast to earlier findings – high KLK7 antigen levels in tumor tissue extracts may be associated with a better prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
A parameter identification problem for spontaneous potential logging
in heterogeneous formation
Authors: Pan Kejia , Liu Jianli
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we want to estimate the true resistivity of
permeable bed using the spontaneous potential on the measuring
electrode in heterogeneous formation, where the resistivity of the
objective layer varies continuously as a function of position. The
problem is a generalization of Peng's work for the traditional
three-parameter invasion model, where the resistivity of formation
is piecewise constant. The mathematical model of the problem is
described by a variational problem of elliptic type, where the
formation resistivity appears as a nonlinear coefficient. We study
an extended problem and then apply its results to prove the
existence of solutions to the parameter identification problem
arising from SP logging. Finally, a sufficient condition is given to
ensure the uniqueness of solutions.
Empathy and Emotional Contagion as a Link Between Recognized and Felt Emotions in Music Listening
Authors: Egermann Hauke , McAdams Stephen
Published: December 2013

Previous studies have shown that there is a difference between recognized and induced emotion in music listening. In this study, empathy is tested as a possible moderator between recognition and induction that is, on its own, moderated via music preference evaluations and other individual and situational features. Preference was also tested to determine whether it had an effect on measures of emotion independently from emotional expression. A web-based experiment gathered from 3,164 music listeners emotion, empathy, and preference ratings in a between-subjects design embedded in a music-personality test. Stimuli were a sample of 23 musical excerpts (each 30 seconds long, five randomly assigned to each participant) from various musical styles chosen to represent different emotions and preferences. Listeners in the recognition rating condition rated measures of valence and arousal significantly differently than listeners in the felt rating condition. Empathy ratings were shown to modulate this relationship: when empathy was present, the difference between the two rating types was reduced. Furthermore, we confirmed preference as one major predictor of empathy ratings. Emotional contagion was tested and confirmed as an additional direct effect of emotional expression on induced emotions. This study is among the first to explicitly test empathy and emotional contagion during music listening, helping to explain the often-reported emotional response to music in everyday life.
Development and Trial of a Mobile Experience Sampling Method (m-ESM) for Personal Music Listening
Authors: Randall William M. , Rickard Nikki S.
Published: December 2013

The measurement of everyday music use remains a challenge for researchers, with many of the available methodologies limited by intrusiveness or lack of ecological validity. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) addresses such limitations by assessing current subjective experience at various times throughout participants’ everyday functioning. The aim of the current project was to develop and trial a mobile ESM (m-ESM) capable of collecting event-related data during natural listening episodes. This methodology was designed to maintain a natural and familiar listening experience for participants, and to collect real-time data on personal music listening. An application (app) was created which utilized mobile-device technology, and allowed combination of experience sampling with a personal music player. Analyses were performed on trial data from 101 participants to determine the efficacy of the m-ESM. Results indicated that this methodology would maintain ecological validity and cause minimal intrusion into everyday activities of the listener. Questionnaires were answered immediately at the time of listening, minimizing the problem of retrospective recall biases. This innovative methodology allows for the collection of a wealth of listening data that will advance the accurate measurement of everyday, personal music listening.
The Sa?gha of Noble S?vakas, with Particular Reference to their Trainee Member, the Person ‘Practising for the Realization of the Stream-entry-fruit’
Authors: Harvey Peter
Published: December 2013

All Buddhists go to the Buddha, Dhamma and Sa?gha as the ‘three refuges’, but who exactly are the ‘the eight types of persons’ that are referred to in the standard passage on the nature and qualities of the third refuge? Four of these persons are clearly the stream-enterer, once-returner, non-returner, and Arahat, but who are the others, especially the lowest of them, the one practising for the realization of the stream-entry-fruit? This article aims to develop greater clarity on these eight persons and their relationship to each other, and especially to focus on the first, who comes in the forms of the faith-follower and Dhamma-follower. It aims to get at the original meaning of such terms, and trace how these changed. In particular, it questions the appropriateness of the developed Pali tradition’s mapping of him/her as existing only for one moment, immediately prior to stream-entry, and seeks to gauge, from the suttas, at what point in a person’s practice they become such a person, and hence a member of the s?vaka-Sa?gha. In the process, the practices of the person practising for stream-entry are explored and the sutta meaning of terms such as ariya, ariya-s?vaka, sekha and sappurisa are also examined.
Evolution of the Therav?da Buddhist Idea of ‘Merittransference’ to the Dead, and its Role in Sri Lankan Buddhist Culture
Authors: Pemarathana Soorakkulame
Published: December 2013

The practice of merit-transference in Sri Lankan Therav?da Buddhism has evolved over three important stages of development, namely, assigning of dakkhi??, giving of patti, and direct transferring of merit. These stages are generally understood as similar practices but are significantly different from each other. It is not the merit but the meritorious act that is dedicated to, or shared with the departed ones in first two stages. Pattid?na, in this context, does not strictly mean giving merit or giving what is obtained or achieved, as it has so far been interpreted, but giving a share of or stake in the ownership of a meritorious act. It is in the third stage that the idea of merit-transference appeared in Buddhist practice in Sri Lanka. Understanding this historical development is important for interpreting Buddhist texts in their historical contexts as well as for realizing the larger role assigned to the living in the contemporary practice of merit-transference (pu?y?numodan?/ pin anumodan-/ pin d?ma) and its influence on other arena of social and cultural life in Sri Lanka. This idea of merit-transference transformed mourning and sorrowful funerals into merit-making events. Practices related to this idea of merit-transference also successfully fulfill the psychological needs of the living to assist departed relatives and to maintain some form of relationship with them. It also allowed local beliefs to be assimilated into the Buddhist fold and shaped the social structure of the living, particularly the lay-monastic relationship.
Automatic speaker recognition with crosslanguage speech material
Authors: Künzel Hermann J.
Published: December 2013

Automatic systems for forensic speaker recognition (FASR) claim to be largely independent of language based on the fact that feature vectors are composed of acoustic parameters that are derived from the resonance characteristics of vocal tract cavities. Yet a certain ‘language gap’ may remain which may deteriorate the performance of a system unless properly compensated. This forensic aspect of what may be called cross-language speaker recognition has not yet received due attention. Based on the most common forensic cross language setting, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of language mismatch on the performance of a standard FASR system and compare its magnitude with the effect of other sources of mismatch on the same voice data. Using the automatic system Batvox 3 in an experiment with 75 bilingual speakers of seven languages and four kinds of transmission channels, it can be shown that, if speaker model and reference population are matched in terms of language, the remaining mismatch between speaker model and test sample can be neglected, since equal error rates (EERs) for same-language or cross-language comparisons are approximately the same, ranging from zero to 5.6%. Transmission of the speech data via landline telephone, GSM and, for part of the corpus, VoIP (using Skype) caused EERs to rise by less than 1% on average.
Stylistic variation within genre conventions in the Enron email corpus: developing a textsensitive methodology for authorship research
Authors: Wright David
Published: December 2013

Over recent years there has been much theoretical discussion regarding idiolect and its usefulness in forensic authorship analysis. This article, drawing on email data from the former American energy company Enron, offers an empirical investigation into identifying individuals’ idiolects through analysing author distinctive variation within two conventions of the email genre – greetings and farewells. The first part of a two-stage analysis identifies a number of forms which distinguish between authors in a four-author corpus. Using likelihood ratios, the second stage of analysis finds that some of the greeting and farewell forms identified, and combinations of forms, remain distinctive and individuating of their author when tested against the 126-author ‘Enron Sent Email Author Reference Corpus’, and highlights the diagnostic power of less frequent variants. The results from this article offer both theoretical and methodological contributions as well as a baseline of population results for forensic authorship casework involving emails.
Gurdjieff Genealogy
Authors: Petsche Johanna
Published: December 2013

This article examines the diverse routes that G. I. Gurdjieff’s (c.1866– 1949) work has traversed, from the time of the very first Gurdjieff-based groups established in his lifetime in England, America and France, to the new groups that formed around the world after his death. Focus is inevitably paid to the dramatic changes made by Jeanne de Salzmann after Gurdjieff’s death, when she took the reins from Gurdjieff and restructured groups, forming a network of orthodox, hierarchical “Foundation” groups that taught Gurdjieffian principles and exercises in a formalized manner. These Foundation groups and their core practices will be examined. Not all of Gurdjieff’s followers amalgamated into this network; an assortment of Gurdjieff-based groups remain outside of it. These can be considered “independent” and “fringe” groups, and will also be considered. An indepth study of the existence and development of these Gurdjieff-centred groups has never before been attempted, and is crucial to an appreciation of the influence and relevance of Gurdjieff today. It is primarily through these groups that Gurdjieff’s work has been carried on, expanded, modified, preserved, and/or assimilated with other religio-spiritual teachings.
DISTRIBUTION OF DERMATOPHYTES FROM SOILS OF URBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF CITIES OF PARAIBA STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Pontes Zelia Braz Vieira da Silva , Oliveira Aurylene Carlos de , Guerra Felipe Queiroga Sarmento , Pontes Luiz Renato de Araujo , Santos Jozemar Pereira dos
Published: December 2013

SUMMARY The dermatophytes, keratinophilic fungi, represent important microorganisms of the soil microbiota, where there are cosmopolitan species and others with restricted geographic distribution. The aim of this study was to broaden the knowledge about the presence of dermatophytes in soils of urban (empty lots, schools, slums, squares, beaches and homes) and rural areas and about the evolution of their prevalence in soils of varying pH in cities of the four mesoregions of Paraiba State, Brazil. Soil samples were collected from 31 cities of Paraiba State. Of 212 samples, 62% showed fungal growth, particularly those from the Mata Paraibana mesoregion (43.5%), which has a tropical climate, hot and humid. Soil pH varied from 4.65 to 9.06, with 71% of the growth of dermatophytes occurring at alkaline pH (7.02 - 9.06) (ρ = 0.000). Of 131 strains isolated, 57.3% were geophilic species, particularly Trichophyton terrestre (31.3%) and Mycrosporum gypseum (21.4%). M. nanum and T. ajelloi were isolated for the first time in Paraiba State. The zoophilic species identified were T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (31.3 %) and T. verrucosum (7.6 %), and T. tonsurans was isolated as an anthropophilic species. The soils of urban areas including empty lots, schools, slums and squares of cities in the mesoregions of Paraiba State were found to be the most suitable reservoirs for almost all dermatophytes; their growth may have been influenced by environmental factors, soils with residues of human and/or animal keratin and alkaline pH.
APPLICABILITY OF kDNA-PCR FOR ROUTINE DIAGNOSIS OF AMERICAN TEGUMENTARY LEISHMANIASIS IN A TERTIARY REFERENCE HOSPITAL
Authors: Satow Marcela M. , Yamashiro-Kanashiro Edite H. , Rocha Mussya C. , Oyafuso Luiza K. , Soler Rita C. , Cotrim Paulo C. , Lindoso Jose Angelo L.
Published: December 2013

SUMMARY This study evaluated the applicability of kDNA-PCR as a prospective routine diagnosis method for American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in patients from the Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas (IIER), a reference center for infectious diseases in São Paulo - SP, Brazil. The kDNA-PCR method detected Leishmania DNA in 87.5% (112/128) of the clinically suspected ATL patients, while the traditional methods demonstrated the following percentages of positivity: 62.8% (49/78) for the Montenegro skin test, 61.8% (47/76) for direct investigation, and 19.3% (22/114) for in vitro culture. The molecular method was able to confirm the disease in samples considered negative or inconclusive by traditional laboratory methods, contributing to the final clinical diagnosis and therapy of ATL in this hospital. Thus, we strongly recommend the inclusion of kDNA-PCR amplification as an alternative diagnostic method for ATL, suggesting a new algorithm routine to be followed to help the diagnosis and treatment of ATL in IIER.
Tooth Loss, Periodontitis, and Statins in a Population‐Based Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Meisel Peter , Kroemer Heyo K. , Nauck Matthias , Holtfreter Birte , Kocher Thomas
Published: December 2013

Background: Statins, frequently prescribed in lipid‐lowering therapies, seem to have additional beneficial effects on periodontitis and tooth loss. If this is true, then chronic treatment with statins should also result in diminished tooth loss as a long‐term response.

Methods: A 5‐year population‐based follow‐up study of tooth loss was performed comparing participants treated with statins (n = 134) with those not on the drugs (Study of Health in Pomerania). Negative binomial regression models were used to analyze the count variable of the outcome, including risk factors for tooth loss and measures of cholesterol metabolism.

Results: When adjusted for age and sex, statins were associated with reduced tooth loss during the follow‐up period (incidence risk ratio [IRR] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50 to 0.99, P = 0.04). When additionally adjusted for risk factors of periodontal breakdown, IRR was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.52 to 1.01). There was significant interaction with low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) at baseline. After stratification by LDL‐c, statins were associated with reduced tooth loss, resulting in IRR = 0.89 (95% CI = 0.44 to 1.83) and 0.64 (95% CI = 0.43 to 0.95), P = 0.03, at LDL‐c concentrations ≤100 mg/dL and >100 mg/dL (2.58 mmol/L), respectively. The data also showed reduced tooth loss associated with the 5‐year reduction in LDL‐c levels on a mmol/L basis and independently of statins (IRR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80 to 0.96, P = 0.004).

Conclusion: Long‐term treatment with systemically administered statins may have the beneficial effect of protecting against tooth loss.
Automorphisms of Tabacjn graphs
Authors: Kutnar Klavdija , Marusic Dragan , Miklavic Stefko , Strasek Rok
Published: December 2013

A bicirculant is a graph admitting an automorphism whose cyclic decomposition consists of two cycles of equal length. In this paper we consider automorphisms of the so-called Tahacjn graphs, a family of pentavalent bicirculants which are obtained from the generalized Petersen graphs by adding two additional perfect matchings between the two orbits of the above mentioned automorphism. As a corollary, we determine which Tabacjn graphs are vertex-transitive.
Coefficient bounds for new subclasses of bi-univalent functions
Authors: Cağlar Murat , Orhan Halit , Yağmur Nihat
Published: December 2013

In the present investigation, we consider two new subclasses N?? (?, ?) and N?? (?, ?) of bi?univalent functions defined in the open unit disk u = {z : |z| < 1}. Besides, we find upper bounds for the second and third coefficients for functions in these new subclasses.
Common fixed point of g-approximative multivalued mapping in partially ordered metric space
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Erduran Ali
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we introduce g-approximative multivalued mappings. Based on this definition, we gave some new definitions. Further, common fixed point results for g-approximative multivalued mappings satisfying generalized contractive conditions are obtained in the setup of ordered metric spaces. Our results generalize Theorems 2.6-2.9 given in ([1]).
Random products and product auto-regression
Authors: Bakouch Hassan , Ristic Miroslav , Sandhya E. , Satheesh S.
Published: December 2013

The operation of taking random products of random variables and the notions of infinite divisibility (ID) and stability of distributions under this operation are discussed here. Based on this stationary product auto-regressive time series models are introduced. We investigate some properties of the models, like autocorrelation function, spectral density function, multi-step ahead conditional mean and parameter estimation.
Non-ultra regular digital covering spaces with nontrivial automorphism groups
Authors: Han Sang-Eon
Published: December 2013

The study of digital covering transformation groups (or automorphism groups, discrete deck transformation groups) plays an important role in the classification of digital spaces (or digital images). In particular, the research into transitive or nontransitive actions of automorphism groups of digital covering spaces is one of the most important issues in digital covering and digital homotopy theory. The paper deals with the problem: Is there a digital covering space which is not ultra regular and has an automorphism group which is not trivial? To solve the problem, let us consider a digital wedge of two simple closed ki-curves with a compatible adjacency, i ?{1,2}, denoted by (X, k). Since the digital wedge (X, k) has both infinite or finite fold digital covering spaces, in the present paper some of these infinite fold digital covering spaces were found not to be ultra regular and further, their automorphism groups are not trivial, which answers the problem posed above. These findings can be substantially used in classifying digital covering spaces and digital images so that the paper improves on the research in Section 4 of [3] (compare Figure 2 of the present paper with Figure 2 of [3]), which corrects an error that appears in the Boxer and Karaca's paper [3] (see the points (0,0), (0,8), (6, -1) and (6,7) in Figure 2 of [3]).
A solution to the inverse problem for the Sturm-Liouville-type equation with a delay
Authors: Pikula Milenko , Vladicic Vladimir , Markovic Olivera
Published: December 2013

The paper is devoted to study of the inverse problem of the boundary spectral assignment of the Sturm-Liouville with a delay. -y'(x) + q(x)y(? ? x) = ?y(x), q ? AS[0, ?], ? ? (0,1] (1) with separated boundary conditions: y(0) = y(?) = 0 (2) y(0) = y'(?) = 0 (3) It is argued that if the sequence of eigenvalues is given ?n(1) and ?n(2) tasks (1-2) and (1-3) respectively, then the delay factor ? ? (0,1) and the potential q ? AS[0, ?] are unambiguous. The potential q is composed by means of trigonometric Fourier coefficients. The method can be easily transferred to the case of ? = 1 i.e. to the classical Sturm-Liouville problem.
Global existence of strong solutions for incompressible hydrodynamic flow of liquid crystals with vacuum
Authors: Ding Shijin , Huang Jinrui , Xia Fengguang
Published: December 2013

We consider the Cauchy problem for incompressible hydrodynamic flow of nematic liquid crystals in three dimensions. We prove the global existence and uniqueness of the strong solutions with nonnegative p0 and small initial data.
Multi-valued F-contractions and the solutions of certain functional and integral equations
Authors: Sgroi Margherita , Vetro Calogero
Published: December 2013

Wardowski [Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2012:94] introduced a new concept of contraction and proved a fixed point theorem which generalizes Banach contraction principle. Following this direction of research, we will present some fixed point results for closed multi-valued F-contractions or multi-valued mappings which satisfy an F-contractive condition of Hardy-Rogers-type, in the setting of complete metric spaces or complete ordered metric spaces. An example and two applications, for the solution of certain functional and integral equations, are given to illustrate the usability of the obtained results.
An iterative method to compute Moore-Penrose inverse based on gradient maximal convergence rate
Authors: Sheng Xingping , Wang Tao
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we present an iterative method based on gradient maximal convergence rate to compute Moore-Penrose inverse A+ of a given matrix A. By this iterative method, when taken the initial matrix X0 = A*, the M-P inverse A+ can be obtained with maximal convergence rate in absence of round off errors. In the end, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness, accuracy and its computation time, which are all superior than the other methods for the large singular matrix.
Multipliers
Authors: Jevtic Miroljub
Published: December 2013

We describe the multiplier spaces (Hp,q,?,H?), and (Hp,q,?,H?,v,?), where Hp,q,? are mixed norm spaces of analytic functions in the unit disk D and H? is the space of bounded analytic functions in D. We extend some results from [7] and [3], particularly Theorem 4.3 in [3].
Rodrigues formula for the Dunkl-classical symmetric orthogonal polynomials
Authors: Sghaier Mabrouk
Published: December 2013

We find Rodrigues type formula for the Dunkl-classical symmetric orthogonal polynomials.
Nonunique fixed point theorems in partial metric spaces
Authors: Karapınar Erdal , Romaguera Salvador
Published: December 2013

In this paper we prove the existence of fixed points of certain self-maps in the context of partial metric spaces. In fact, the fixed point theorems presented here can be considered as a continuation, in part, of the works of L.B. Ciric on the existence of fixed points but not uniqueness in the realm of metric spaces. Our results generalize, enrich and improve earlier results on the topic in the literature.
Sharp coefficient estimates for a certain general class of Spirallike functions by means of differential subordination
Authors: Xu Qing-Hua , Chun-Bo Lv. , Luo Nan-Chen , Srivastava H.M.
Published: December 2013

In the present paper, the authors derive several sharp estimates for the Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients of functions in a certain general class S?(A, B) of spirallike functions in the open unit disk U, which is defined here by using the principle of differential subordination The results presented here would generalize those given in the earlier work of R. J. Libera.
Commercial Actors and the Governing of Education: The Case of Academy School Sponsors in England
Authors: Papanastasiou Natalie
Published: December 2013

This article explores the ways in which commercial actors are operating in state education by focusing on the case study of England's academies policy. First of all the discussion outlines the development of academies over time and the way in which the policy has provided opportunities for private actors to become involved in the state schooling system. The second part of the article focuses on empirical findings from interviews with academy sponsors as a way of understanding the nature of the role commercial actors play in academies. Commercial sponsor involvement in academies demonstrates a blurring of the boundaries between ‘public’ and ‘private’, and the article suggests that commercial actors need to be understood not merely as participants in this process, but as being active in the reconstruction of ‘public—private’ categories. Also, it is underlined that the commercial sponsors in this study cannot be disconnected from the locality in which they operate. In light of this, the article calls for greater attention to be devoted to understanding local assemblages of policy when attempting to explore the role played by commercial actors in the governance of education.
To Infinity and beyond …: Heterarchical Governance, the Teach for All Network in Europe and the Making of Profits and Minds
Authors: Olmedo Antonio , Bailey Patrick L. J. , Ball Stephen J.
Published: December 2013

This article explores the increasing commercialisation of education through the empirical case of Teach For All, a network of social enterprises which is spreading a new model of teacher training across Europe and around the world. This model, which is supported and funded by a heterogeneous mix of public institutions and private sector organisations, is not only opening up public education to private involvement and influence, but it is also reshaping what it means to be a teacher. The substantive argument that we present here is that commercialisation is not only about making money (which is certainly being achieved through this kind of heterarchical network), but also about making people up as commercial and enterprising subjects. Drawing on the idea of neoliberalism as both a material process of economisation, and a form of governmentality, we weave together an analysis which considers the interrelations between profit, the subjectivities of the Teach For All teacher, and the governance of teacher education in Europe.