bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kalmyk Shrines: Part 4 of the Documentary Film “Secrets of the Kalmyk Steppe: From the Life of the Kalmyks and Tatars”
Authors: Цорос Алтман Валерьевич , Бакаева Эльза Петровна
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматривается часть документального фильма, снятого в начале 1920-х гг. швейцарской экспедицией. Благодаря фильму Августа Керна сохранились визуальные материалы о культуре и быте калмыков в эпоху перехода от кочевой жизни к оседлой. Исследование показало, что создание фильма “Die Geheimnisse der Kalmückensteppe. Aus dem Leben der Tataren und Kalmücken” (Тайны калмыцкой степи. Из жизни калмыков и татар) было связано с актуальным направлением гуманитарного кино начала 1920-х гг., создававшегося при поддержке организаций Международного комитета Красного Креста. А. Керн снимал фильм, являясь представителем Швейцарского общества Красного Креста на юге России, но сохранившиеся части фильма являются кинохроникой этнографического типа, в которой отражена буддийская культура калмыков, несомненно представлявшая особый интерес для европейского зрителя. Сохранились две из четырех частей фильма, имеются два их варианта: с титрами на чешском языке и с немецкими и французскими титрами. Калмыцкая часть фильма была снята в поселениях Зёты и Ханата. Спустя сто лет «Тайны калмыцкой степи…» представляет важный визуальный документ как для ученых, так и для широкой аудитории, и его исследование только начинается.

This article discusses part of a documentary film shot in the early 1920s by a Swiss expedition. Thanks to the director, August Kern, visual material has been preserved about the life and culture of the Kalmyks in the era of their transition from nomadic to sedentary life. The article shows how the film “Die Geheimnisse der Kalmückensteppe. Aus dem Leben der Tataren und Kalmücken” (“Secrets of the Kalmyk Steppe. From the Life of the Kalmyks and Tatars”) reflects the humanitarian tendency in cinema of the early 1920s, created with the support of organizations like the International Committee of the Red Cross. Kern shot the film as a representative of the Swiss Red Cross in southern Russia. The surviving parts of the film are newsreels of an ethnographic type and examine the Kalmyks’ Buddhist culture, undoubtedly of particular interest to the European viewer. Two of the four parts of the film have been preserved; there are two versions of them, with titles in Czech and with German and French titles. The Kalmyk part of the film was shot in the settlements of Zeta and Khanate. A hundred years after it was made, the “Secrets of the Kalmyk Steppe” is an important visual document for both scholars and the general public.
The Representation of Youth Subcultures in Russian Documentary and Feature Films of 2010-2020
Authors: Ильмуратов Эрик Тимурович
Published: January 2022

Данная статья содержит в себе итоги исследования, проведенного на основе 100 российских кинофильмов, выпущенных с 2010 по 2020 г. Исследование включает в себя анализ репрезентаций молодежных субкультур в документальных и художественных картинах. Проанализировать репрезентацию субкультур в кинематографе крайне важно для науки сразу с двух сторон. С точки зрения визуальной антропологии и киноведения важно изучить способы отображения современных субкультур на экране, особый язык и средства, которыми пользуются режиссеры документального и художественного кино. С точки зрения социальной антропологии важно выделить наиболее часто и характерно репрезентируемые субкультуры, их особенности (внешний вид, идеология, музыкальные предпочтения, возраст, гендерный аспект и пр.), а также искажения фигурирующего на экране образа. Исследование будет способствовать углублению изучения репрезентации субкультур и молодежи в кино, проверке актуальности подходов к феномену субкультур, а также выявлению особенностей их кинорепрезентаций в конкретный период.

This article presents the results of a study conducted on the basis of one hundred Russian films released from 2010 to 2020. The study analyzes representations of youth subcultures in documentaries and feature films. This is an important subject from two perspectives. From the point of view of visual anthropology and film studies, it is important to understand the ways of displaying modern subcultures on the screen and the special language and means used by documentary and feature film directors. From the point of view of social anthropology, it is important to identify the most frequently represented subcultures and their features (appearance, ideology, musical preferences, age, gender, etc.), as well as distortions of their image. The theoretical significance of the research is to deepen the study of the representation of subcultures and youth in cinema, to examine the relevance of approaches to the phenomenon of subcultures, as well as to identify the features of representations in a specific period. The practical significance lies in the potential use of the work in the further study of Russian cinema and the shooting of visual anthropology films. In addition, the study contributes to the development of a methodology for studying youth communities and more detailed study by social anthropology.
“This is the Speech of the Dead”:- The Sacred Language in the Religious and Magical Tradition of
Authors: Маничкин Нестор Александрович
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена ленгуа конго (lengua congo) - сакральному языку афро-кубинской духовно-магической традиции пало (palo), или пало монте (palo monte). В ней предложен обзор некоторых терминов и ритуальных формулировок, образующих каркас лексики ленгуа конго, в том числе слов, зафиксированных автором в ходе полевых исследований в Гаване в 2019 г. и общения с информантами в 2020 г. Смысл и происхождение некоторых формулировок остаются дискуссионными. Сакральный язык пало, берущий свои истоки в киконго, рассматривается в статье как этнорелигиозный феномен, отражающий процессы транскультурации и находящийся в особой связи с босалем, креольским языком Кубы. При этом лингвистический статус ленгуа конго остается проблемным: по мнению автора статьи, ленгуа конго не может отождествляться с босалем и должен быть исследован в дальнейшем с исторических и этнологических позиций. В статье также представлен обзор современных гипотез о лексической основе ленгуа конго. На некоторых примерах демонстрируется связь ленгуа конго с киконго и приобретение рядом терминов новых значений. Исследование ленгуа конго и других малоизученных сакральных языков Нового Света видится актуальным в связи с социально-политическими и культурными трансформациями постколониальных обществ и новым витком исторического развития афрогенных культов.

This article considers the Lengua Congo - the sacred language of the Afro-Cuban spiritual and magical tradition Palo (Palo Monte). It offers an overview of some terms and ritual formulations that form the framework of Lengua Congo vocabulary, including material recorded 110 Н ау чный а льм ан ах ТР А ДИЦИ ОННАЯ К УЛЬ ТУР А Т ом 22. № 4. 2021 by the author during field research in Havana in 2019 and communication with informants in 2020. The meaning and the origin of some formulations remain uncertain. The sacred language of Palo takes its roots in Kikongo and is considered an ethno-religious phenomenon that reflects the processes of transculturation; it is has a special connection to Bosal, the Creole language of Cuba. At the same time, the linguistic status of Lengua Congo remains problematic; the author of the article argues that Lengua Congo cannot be identified with Bosal and requires further historical and ethnographic analysis. The article also offers an overview of current hypotheses about the lexical basis of Lengua Congo. Some examples demonstrate the connection between Lengua Congo and Kikongo and the acquisition of new meanings for a number of terms. The study of Lengua Congo and other little-studied sacred languages of the New World is important due to their connection with the socio-political and cultural transformation of postcolonial societies, marking a new phase in the historical development of Afrogenic cults.
А Adolf Petrovich Berger - Scholar of the Caucasian Peoples
Authors: Алиева Алла Ивановна
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена анализу работ выдающегося российского кавказоведа, востоковеда, археографа Адольфа Петровича Берже (1828-1886), посвященных народам Кавказа. В статье охарактеризованы три исследования ученого, посвященные всей совокупности народов Кавказа: «Горские племена на Кавказе» (1858), «Этнографическое обозрение Кавказа» (1879), «Горские племена Кавказа» (1883), в которых впервые в истории российского кавказоведения была дана достаточно краткая, но вместе с тем строго научная характеристика исторических судеб, этнографии, религиозных представлений народов Кавказа. Глубокое знание А. П. Берже работ античных, восточных, европейских и российских авторов в сочетании с его собственными научными разысканиями позволили ученому подготовить исследования, которые за 150 лет, прошедших после их публикации, не только не утратили своего значения, но и приобрели особую ценность.

This article analyzes the work of the outstanding Russian scholar of the Caucasus, the archaeologist Adolf Petrovich Berger [Bergé, Berzhe] (1828-1886). It describes three studies by Berger that were devoted to the population of the Caucasus: Mountain Tribes in the Caucasus (1858), An Ethnographic Review of the Caucasus (1879), and Mountain Tribes of the Caucasus (1883), which for the first time presented a fairly brief, but at the same time strictly scientific description of the historical destinies, ethnography, and religious beliefs of the peoples of the Caucasus. Berger’s deep knowledge of works of ancient, Eastern, European and Russian authors, combined with his own scholarly research, allowed the scientist to produce studies that have not only not lost their significance in the 150 years since their publication, but have acquired special value in the modern context.
Unpublished Kalmyk Folklore: I. I. Popov’s Collection
Authors: Убушиева Данара Владимировна
Published: January 2022

Изучение калмыцкого фольклора имеет двухвековую историю, но, несмотря на это, еще существуют инедиты устного творчества народа, хранящиеся в архивах Российской Федерации. В Государственном архиве Ростовской области имеется коллекция произведений фольклора, записанная коннозаводчиком и этнографом-любителем И. И. Поповым. Семь его рукописных книг-тетрадей содержат сказки, эпическую песнь, предания, загадки, пословицы, переводы религиозных сочинений. Они имеют общую структуру: титул, оглавление, предисловие, образцы фольклора на «ясном письме», транскрипция кириллицей (с дополнительными знаками для обозначения звуков калмыцкого языка, долгих и неясных гласных), перевод на русский язык, комментарии. В примечаниях наряду с толкованием отдельных лексем также приводятся описания отдельных обрядов, архаических представлений добуддийского периода. Введение в научный оборот всей коллекции расширит представления о народном творчестве калмыков России и послужит дополнительной базой для его нового осмысления, а также типологических исследований фольклора тюрко-монгольских народов.

The study of Kalmyk folklore has a two-century history, but despite this, there is still unpublished material by Kalmyks stored in the archives of the Russian Federation. The State Archive of the Rostov Region has a collection of folklore works recorded by the horse breeder and amateur ethnographer I. I. Popov. Seven of his handwritten notebook books contain fairy tales, epic songs, legends, riddles, proverbs, and translations of religious writings. They have a common structure: title, table of contents, preface, folklore samples in “clear writing,” transcription in Cyrillic (with additional signs to indicate the sounds of the Kalmyk language, long and unclear vowels), translation into Russian, commentary. In the notes, along with the interpretation of individual lexemes, descriptions of individual rituals, and archaic notions from the pre-Buddhist period are also given. The introduction of this collection into scholarly circulation will expand our understanding of the folk art of the Kalmyks of Russia and will serve as an additional source for typological studies of the folklore of the Turkic-Mongolian peoples.
The Embodied Ideal of Moderation
Authors: Артемова Ольга Юрьевна
Published: January 2022

Рецензия на: Sutton P., Walshe K. Farmers or Hunter-gatherers? The Dark Emu Debate (= Саттон П., Уэлш К. Земледельцы или охотники-собиратели? Споры о «Темном Эму»). - Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2021. - 264 p.

Review of: Sutton P., Walshe K. Farmers or Hunter-gatherers? The Dark Emu Debate. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2021. 264 p.
Detection of Few Hydrogen Peroxide Molecules using Self-Reporting Fluorescent Nanodiamond Quantum Sensors
Authors: Wu Yingke , Balasubramanian Priyadharshini , Wang Zhenyu , Coelho Jaime A. S. , Prslja Mateja , Plenio Martin B. , Jelezko Fedor , Weil Tanja
Published: January 2022

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an important role in various signal transduction pathways and regulates important cellular processes. However, monitoring and quantitatively assessing the distribution of H2O2 molecules inside living cells requires a nanoscale sensor with molecular-level sensitivity. Herein, we show the first demonstration of sub-10 nm-sized fluorescent nanodiamonds as a catalyst for the decomposition of H2O2 and the production of radical intermediates at the nanoscale. Furthermore, the NV quantum sensors inside the nanodiamonds are employed to quantify the aforementioned radicals. We believe that our method of combining the peroxidase-mimicking activities of the nanodiamonds with their intrinsic quantum sensor showcases their application as a self-reporting H2O2 sensor with molecular-level sensitivity and nanoscale spatial resolution. Given the robustness and the specificity of the sensor, our results promise a new platform for elucidating the role of H2O2 at the cellular level.
Mechanochemically Synthesised Dicyanamide Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites and their Melt-Quenched Glasses
Authors: McHugh Lauren N. , Thorne Michael F. , Chester Ashleigh M. , Etter Martin , Užarević Krunoslav , Bennett Thomas D.
Published: January 2022

Here we present efficient and scalable mechanochemical formation of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites of the form [TPrA][M(dca)₃] (M = Mn²⁺, Co²⁺) and the subsequent formation of their bulk melt-quenched glass samples. The thermal, chemical and adsorptive properties of the materials are also investigated.
Thermal-electrochemical parameters of a high energy lithium-ion cylindrical battery
Authors: O'Regan Kieran , Brosa Planella Ferran , Widanage W. Dhammika , Kendrick Emma
Published: January 2022

To accurately predict the lifetime of commercial cells, multi-physics models can be used, however the accuracy of the model is heavily reliant upon the quality of the input thermodynamics and kinetic parameters. The thermal properties and the variability of the transport and thermodynamic properties with temperature and state-of-charge (SoC) in a high energy 21700 cylindrical cell were measured. The parameters are used in a DFN and 0D thermal model, and the model was tested against experimental data from the commercial cell. The results demonstrate an improved model fit by 27% when including the parameter dependency upon SoC and temperature, compared to without. The maximum power is limited by the negative electrode, which has lower diffusion coefficients and current exchange density over the full SOC window compared to the positive electrode, particularly at 50% and 80% SoC (x=0.45 and 0.85), reflected in high activation energies of up to 60 kJ K-1 and low diffusion coefficients of 5 x 10-13 cm-2 s-1 at 25 °C. At 45 °C, the reaction rate increases to greater than that of the positive, diffusion also increases, 2 x10-12 cm-2 s-1, but is still limiting. This work provides for the first time an electrochemical and thermal experimental dataset for a high energy cell, and provides insights into the rate limitations and prediction errors.
The Effect of Chemical Representation on Active Machine Learning Towards Closed-Loop Optimization
Authors: Pomberger Alexander , Pedrina McCarthy Antonio , Khan Ahmad , Sung Simon , Taylor Connor , Gaunt Matthew , Colwell Lucy , Walz David , Lapkin Alexei
Published: January 2022

Multivariate chemical reaction optimization involving catalytic systems is a non-trivial task due to the high number of tuneable parameters and discrete choices. Closed-loop optimization featuring active Machine Learning (ML) represents a powerful strategy for automating reaction optimization. However, the translation of chemical reaction conditions into a machine-readable format comes with the challenge of finding highly informative features which accurately capture the factors for reaction success and allow the model to learn efficiently. Herein, we compare the efficacy of different calculated chemical descriptors for a high throughput generated dataset to determine the impact on a supervised ML model when predicting reaction yield. Then, the effect of featurization and size of the initial dataset within a closed-loop reaction optimization was examined. Finally, the balance between descriptor complexity and dataset size was considered. Ultimately, tailored descriptors did not outperform simple generic representations, however, a larger initial dataset accelerated reaction optimization.
Oxidative Addition of Aryl Halides to a Ni(I)-Bipyridine Complex
Authors: Ting Stephen , Williams Wendy , Doyle Abigail
Published: January 2022

The oxidative addition of aryl halides to bipyridine- or phenanthroline-ligated nickel(I) is a commonly proposed step in nickel catalysis. However, there is a scarcity of complexes of this type that both are well-defined and undergo oxidative addition with aryl halides, hampering organometallic studies of this process. We report the synthesis of a well-defined Ni(I) complex, [(CO2Etbpy)NiCl]4 (1). Its solution-phase speciation is characterized by a significant population of monomer and a redox equilibrium that can be perturbed by π-acceptors and σ-donors. 1 reacts readily with aryl bromides, and mechanistic studies are consistent with a mechanism proceeding through an initial Ni(I) → Ni(III) oxidative addition. Such a process was demonstrated stoichiometrically for the first time, affording a structurally characterized Ni(III) aryl complex.
Revealing the Influence of Secondary Metals on Redox-Active Palladium Complexes
Authors: Golwankar Riddhi , Kumar Amit , Day Victor , Blakemore James
Published: January 2022

Incorporation of redox-inactive metals into redox-active complexes and catalysts attracts attention for engendering new reactivity modes, but this strategy has not been extensively investigated beyond the first-row of the transition metals. Here, the isolation and characterization of the first series of heterobimetallic complexes of palladium with mono-, di-, and tri-valent redox-inactive metal ions are reported. A Reinhoudt-type heteroditopic ligand with a salen-derived [N2,O2] binding site for Pd and a crown-ether-derived [O6] site has been used to prepare isolable adducts of the Lewis acidic redox-inactive metal ions (Mn+). Comprehensive data from single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveal distinctive trends in the structural properties of the heterobimetallic species, including an uncommon dependence of the Pd•••M distance on Lewis acidity. The reorganization energy associated with reduction of the heterobimetallic species is strongly modulated by Lewis acidity, with the slowest heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics associated with the strongest incorporated Lewis acids. This hitherto unexplored reorganization energy penalty for electron transfer contrasts with prior thermodynamic studies, revealing that kinetic parameters should be considered in studies of reactivity involving heterobimetallic species.
Synthesis, Reactivity, and Properties of Benz[a]azulenes via [8 + 2] Cycloaddition of 2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-ones with an Enamine
Authors: Shoji Taku , Yamazaki Akari , Katoh Ryuzi , Shimamura Konomi , Sakai Rina , Yasunami Masafumi , Okujima Tetsuo , Ito Shunji
Published: January 2022

Starting with the reaction of 2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-ones with an enamine, which was prepared from 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone and pyrrolidine, benz[a]azulenes having both formyl and tert-butyl groups were obtained in the three-step sequence. Subsequently, both the formyl and tert-butyl groups were eliminated by heating the benz[a]azulene derivatives in 100% H3PO4 to give benz[a]azulenes without these substituents in high yields. In terms of the product yield, this method is the best one ever reported for the synthesis of the parent benz[a]azulene so far. The conversion of the benz[a]azulene derivatives with a formyl group into cyclohept[a]acenaphthylen-3-one derivatives was also investigated via Knoevenagel condensation with dimethyl malonate, followed by Brønsted acid-mediated intramolecular cyclization. The structural features including the bond alternation in the benz[a]azulene derivatives were revealed by NMR studies, NICS calculations, and a single-crystal X-ray structural analysis. The optical and electrochemical properties of a series of benz[a]azulene derivatives were evaluated by UV/Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy and voltammetry experiments. As a result, we found that some benz[a]azulene derivatives showed remarkable luminescence in acidic media. In addition, the benz[a]azulene derivatives with the electron-withdrawing group and cyclohept[a]acenaphthylen-3-one derivative displayed good reversibility in the spectral changes under the electrochemical redox conditions.
Molecular Design of [Co11C2(CO)23]3- Both Enhances Rate and Lowers Overpoten-tial for Fast C-H Bond Formation with CO2
Authors: Pattanayak Santanu , Berben Louise
Published: January 2022

For electrochemically driven solar fuel-forming reactions thermochemistry dictates that the rate of the reaction will scale linearly with the overpotential of the catalyst, and for a molecular catalyst, overpotential is related to the redox couple (or E½) of the molecule. Enhancements in catalytic rates therefore rely on optimization of kinet-ic factors and this must be achieved by tuning catalyst structure and thereby reaction mechanism to influence reaction kinetics. In this report we use kinetic influences on the two chemical steps in the mechanism for CO2 electroreduction to achieve fast C-H bond-formation and formate formation at 127 M-1s-1 with an overpotential of just ~10 mV. Compared with molecular catalysts that have similar overpotential, this rate is enhanced by five orders of magnitude. As an alternative comparison, for reported molecular catalysts with similar rate, this over-potential is lowered by 100 mV. These combined enhancements derive from a detailed understanding of the cata-lyst mechanism. Moreover, the principles elucidated here for molecular design are general and can guide future and further improved catalyst development in hydride transfer and X-H bond forming reactions (X = C, N, or other).
Living Materials Constructed with Dynamic Covalent Interface between Synthetic Polymers and B. subtilis
Authors: Jo Hyuna , Sim Seunghyun
Published: January 2022

With advances in the field of synthetic biology increasingly allowing us to engineer living cells to perform intricate tasks, incorporating these engineered cells into the design of synthetic polymeric materials will enable programming materials with a wide range of biological functionalities. However, employable strategies for the design of synthetic polymers that form a well-defined interface with living cells and seamlessly integrate their functionalities in materials are still largely limited. Herein, we report the first example of living materials constructed with a dynamic covalent interface between synthetic polymers and living B. subtilis cells. We showedthat 3-acetamidophenylboronic acid (APBA) and polymers of APBA (pAPBA) form dynamic covalent bonds with available diols on the B. subtilis cell surface. Importantly, pAPBA binding to B. subtilis shows a multivalent effect with complete reversibility upon addition of competitive diol species, such as fructose and sorbitol. On the basis of these findings, we constructed telechelic block copolymers with pAPBA chain ends that crosslink B. subtilis cells and produced self- standing living materials. We further demonstrated that the encapsulated cells could be retrieved upon immersing these materials in solutions containing competitive diols and further subjected to biological analyses. This work establishes the groundwork for building a myriad of synthetic polymeric materials integrating engineered living cells and provides a platform for understanding the biology of cells confined within materials.
Assessing the Interplay Between Functional-Driven and Density-Driven Errors in DFT Models of Water
Authors: Palos Etienne , Lambros Eleftherios , Swee Steven , Hu Jie , Dasgupta Saswata , Paesani Francesco
Published: January 2022

We investigate the interplay between functional-driven and density-driven errors in different density functional theory (DFT) approximations, and the implications of these errors for simulations of water with DFT-based data-driven many-body potentials. Specifically, we quantify density-driven errors in two widely used dispersion-corrected functionals derived within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), namely BLYP-D3 and revPBE-D3, and two modern meta-GGA functionals, namely SCAN and B97M-rV. The effects of functional-driven and density-driven errors on the interaction energies are assessed for the water clusters of the BEGDB dataset. Further insight into the nature of functional-driven errors is gained from applying the absolutely localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis (ALMO- EDA) to the interaction energies, which demonstrates that functional-driven errors are strongly correlated with the nature of the interactions. We discuss cases where density-corrected DFT (DC-DFT) models display higher accuracy than the original DFT models, and cases where reducing the density-driven errors leads to larger deviations from the reference energies due to the presence of large functional-driven errors. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations are performed with data-driven many-body potentials derived from DFT and DC-DFT data to determine the effect that minimizing density-driven errors has on the description of liquid water. Besides rationalizing the performance of widely used DFT models of water, we believe that our findings unveil fundamental relations between the shortcomings of some common DFT approximations and the requirements for accurate descriptions of molecular interactions, which will aid the development of a consistent, DFT-based framework for data-driven simulations of condensed-phase systems.
Are Vanadium Intermediates Suitable Mimics in Non-Heme Iron Enzymes? An Electronic Structure Analysis
Authors: Vennelakanti Vyshnavi , Mehmood Rimsha , Kulik Heather
Published: January 2022

Vanadyl intermediates are frequently used as mimics for the fleeting Fe(IV)=O intermediate in non-heme iron enzymes that catalyze C–H activation. Using density functional theory and correlated wavefunction theory, we investigate the degree to which vanadium mimic electronic structure is comparable to catalytic iron intermediates. Our calculations reveal crucial structural and energetic differences between vanadyl and ferryl intermediates primarily due to differences in ground spin states of low spin and high spin, respectively. This difference in spin state leads to differences in energetics for accessing isomers that confer activity in non-heme hydroxylase and halogenase enzymes. While interconversion between monodentate and bidentate succinate isomers of the key metal-oxo/hydroxo intermediates is energetically favorable for Fe, it is strongly unfavorable in V mimics. Additionally, isomerization of a terminal metal-oxo between an axial and equatorial position is energetically unfavorable for Fe but favorable for V. Electronic structure analyses to quantify differences in binding strength of Fe and V intermediates to –ketoglutarate and succinate cosubstrates reveal that both cosubstrates bind more strongly to V than Fe. Our work highlights the limits of using low- or intermediate-spin V-based intermediates as mimics in studies of fleeting high-spin Fe intermediates in non-heme iron enzymes.
Spin Purification in Full-CI Quantum Monte Carlo via a First-Order Penalty Approach
Authors: Li Manni Giovanni , Weser Oskar , Liebermann Niklas , Kats Daniel , Alavi Ali
Published: January 2022

In this Letter we demonstrate that a first-order spin penalty scheme can be efficiently applied to the Slater determinant based Full-CI Quantum Monte-Carlo (FCIQMC) algorithm, as a practical route towards spin purification. Two crucial applications are presented to demonstrate the validity and robustness of this scheme; the 1∆g ← 3Σg vertical excitation in O2 , and key spin gaps in a [Mn3 O4]3+ cluster. In the absence of a robust spin adaptation/purification technique, both applications would be unattainable by Slater determinant based ground state methods, with any starting wave function collapsing into the higher-spin ground state during the optimization. This strategy can be coupled to other algorithms that use FCIQMC as configuration interaction eigensolver, including the Stochastic Generalized Active Space, the similarity-transformed FCIQMC and second-order perturbation theory approaches. Moreover, in contrast to the GUGA-FCIQMC technique, this strategy features both spin projection and total spin adaptation, making it appealing when solving anisotropic Hamiltonians.
Towards Identification of Protein-Protein Interaction Stabilizers via Inhibitory Peptide-Fragment Hybrids Using Templated Fragment Ligation
Authors: Srdanovic Sonja , Hegedus Zsofia , Warriner Stuart , Andrew Wilson
Published: January 2022

Using the hDMX/14-3-3 interaction, acylhydrazone-based ligand-directed fragment ligation was used to identify protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitory peptide-fragment hybrids. Separation of the peptide-fragment hybrids into the components yielded fragments that stabilized the hDMX/14-3-3 interaction.
Particle configurations in the NNK̅ system
Authors: Filikhin Igor , Kuzmichev Yury B. , Vlahovic Branislav
Published: January 2022

Three-body AAB model for the NNK(snn = 0) kaonic cluster is considered based on the configuration space Faddeev equations. Within a singlechannel approach, the difference between masses of nucleons and kaons and the charge independence breaking of nucleon-nucleon interaction are taken into consideration. We definite the particle configurations in the system according to the particle masses and pair potentials. There are two sets of the particle configurations, ppK, npK and nnK°, npK, charged and neutral. The three-body calculations are performed by applying NN and NK phenomenological isospin-dependent potentials. The mass and energy spectra related to the particle configurations are presented. We evaluate the mass and energy uncertainties for the NNK model. An analogy to NNN model for the H and He nuclei is proposed.
IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN DUE TO COVID-19 ON VEGETABLES MARKET & GOVERNMENT POLICY FOR REVIVAL
Authors: Yadav Ajay Kumar , Sharma Anup , Sapkota Sneha , Shrestha Srijana
Published: January 2022

The study was carried out from May 10, 2020 to May 25, 2020 to find out the impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 on vegetables of Palpa district. For this, municipalities: Tansen and Bagnaskali which were under AKC, Palpa, were purposively selected. 60 respondents were selected by using simple random sampling method from the 500 farmers (population frame) to represent farmers of AKC command area. The household survey was carried out to collect information using a semi-structured interview schedule. The data were processed and analyzed by using Ms-excel and SPSS. The analysis showed that mainly Covid-19 impact on vegetable viz; cauliflower, cabbage, tomato and cucumber, during the lockdown. Lockdown affected both supply and demand channels. It also affects all elements of the production to the consumer that caused 42% loss due to COVID-19 in a short period which adversely effects their economy. The fluctuation of price was also vastly different which impact to wholesaler sells rate which was a decrease by around 55% in many crops via tomato, cauliflower, cabbage. Due to which consumer get vegetables at a cheaper price. The government launched agri-ambulance facility to link producer and consumer which was one of the quick and effective ways to sell the vegetable from farm to table. They also launched COVID-19 program for the people who came from abroad to increase people participation in agriculture.
THE EFFECT OF LABOR UTILIZATION AND RICE FARMING INCOME DUE TO COVID-19 IN KENDAL REGENCY
Authors: Aldillah Rizma , Agustian Adang , Darwis Valeriana , Muslim Chairul
Published: January 2022

The Covid-19 attack had a negative impact on the economy and human health. At the beginning of the pandemic period in the second quarter of 2020, the GDP of all agricultural sector businesses experienced positive growth and the food crop sub-sector made the largest contribution. On the other hand, employment in the agricultural sector decreased 0.42%. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on labor use and rice farming income in Kendal Regency. The effect of the use of labor is reflected in the input-output table. Income changes use a partial budget analysis. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the farmer’s income has decreased by Rp. 2,785,000 per ha. The decline in income was due to a 26% decrease in production. The decline in production is due to farmers reducing their use of fertilizers and medicines. During the pandemic, farmers reduced the use of outside labor from 87% to 69%. In order to reduce farmers’ losses, it is recommended that the government help provide input production facilities which are distributed directly to farmers, and reduce crowds by increasing the availability and use of agricultural tools (mechanization).
UNDERSTANDING THE COST OF CULTIVATION OF POTATO FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD (MALE OR FEMALE) IN PANAUTI VILLAGE OF KAVRE DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Ghimire Namrata , Raj Gaire Kamal , Adhikari Gaurav
Published: January 2022

In this study, the total 30 respondents were grouped into two categories on the basis of household head (male or female). The average cost of cultivation of one kilogram potato was calculated to be NRs. 14.64 in Panauti municipality of Kavre district, Nepal. The average cost of cultivation in male headed houses (NRs.15.40) was significantly higher to that of female headed houses (NRs.12.53). The major inputs contributing towards the cultivation of potatoes were fertilizers, potato seed and labor respectively. The socio-demographic analysis of the study area demonstrated the overall average age of respondents to be 47.90 years. Moreover, the average household size was 4.73 with average 2.46 male members and 2.27 female members. Also, the study depicted that out of total respondents, 53.33% were Brahmin, 23.33% were Chhetri and remaining 23.33% Janajati. The overall benefit-cost ratio observed was 1.39 where the benefit- cost ratio obtained in male headed house (1.19) was depicted to be significantly lower to that obtained in female headed house (1.93).
ASSESSING SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF GINGER PRODUCERS IN WESTERN RUKUM DISTRICT OF NEPAL
Authors: Pun Magar Khem Raj , Khanal Prakash , Pandey Madan , Subedi Shashi , Paudyal Bijay Raj
Published: January 2022

The study was conducted in two wards (Triveni 6 and Triveni 7) of Triveni municipality of Western Rukum district of Nepal to know the socio-economic condition of the ginger producers. The data were collected from 30 farmers of each ward by interviewing the respondents. In both wards, the majority of the respondents were male and educated up to the primary level. The majority of the respondents were Janajati (43.28%) and Chhetri (43.32%) in Triveni 6 and Triveni 7 respectively. In both wards, the majority of the houses were mud thatched. In Triveni 6, 46.65% and Triveni 7, 51.73% of respondents belong to the age group of 36-50. The total expense, total revenue, net profit and benefit cost ratio per ropani were more in Triveni 6 than Triveni 7. Lack of agriculture loan was ranked as the first production problem with a 1.15 index value while the variable market price was ranked as the first marketing problem with a 0.79 index value. Among various suggestions, increment in agriculture loan availability was ranked as first for solving production problems with a 0.80 index value while making fixed market price was ranked as first for solving marketing problems with a 0.82 index value.
BEEKEEPING IN NEPAL AND ITS STATUS, CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES: A REVIEW
Authors: Manandhar Deepika , Khanal Dipak
Published: January 2022

Beekeeping has been practiced in Nepal for a long time,beginning with the traditional log hive for personal consumption and progressing to the contemporary hive for commercial purpose.It has received a lot of attention in recent years in Nepal because of its minimal input and high output outcomes.Despite its growing popularity,beekeepers in Nepal confront a number of obstacles,including poor bee management,colony migration and absconding,pest and foes attack,insufficient bee research program and erroneous data on bee floral recognition.This review paper highlights the current state of beekeeping in Nepal,as well as honeybee species and honey production potential for long-term livelihoods.This paper emphasizes the enormous potential for commercial beekeeping as well as the challenges that it faces and suggestions for improving it.
THE COMPETITIVENESS EVALUATION OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN CHINA
Authors: Feng Jing , Liang Shimei , Zhang Jin , Liu Hui
Published: January 2022

Based on the selection of 29 typical provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China, the paper constructs the competitiveness evaluation index system of textile industry, using the method of the principal component analysis (pca). The results show that there are obvious regional differences between the 29 typical provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China for the textile industry’s competitiveness. Furthermore, the overall competitiveness of the textile industry in China shows that the competitiveness of east China is stronger, while the competitiveness of west China is weaker.
FARMER’S PERCEPTION ON MANDARIN (CITRUS RETICULATA BLANCO) DISEASE IN GORKHA, NEPAL
Authors: Dahal Binod , Pant Chudamani , Bhusal Nabin , Koirala Roshan , Niraula Rabin
Published: January 2022

A study was carried out to examine the Farmer’s perception on mandarin disease in Gorkha district of Nepal to assess mandarin growing farmers’ knowledge towards mandarin attacking diseases and their prevailing management practices. Purposive random sampling techniques was used to select the household and interview with the semi-structured questionnaire was carried out Primary data were collected by the use of pre-tested questionnaire from 120 respondents selected to represent citrus growing farmers in Gorkha, Nepal. The data were processed and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics through MS-excel and SPSS. The study revealed that majority of farmers had basic knowledge about mandarin attacking diseases and their major source of information was training. The major diseases ranked by the farmers were die-back (index 0.852), citrus greening (index 0.760), powdery mildew (index 0.730), root rot (index 0.670) sooty mold (index 0.440), pink disease (index 0.377), gummosis (index 0.335) and scab disease (index 0.330). On an average farmer had knowledge score of 1.53 and could name 2.17 diseases. The major expectations of the farmers from government for disease management were monitoring of orchard by specialists and recommendations for disease management (index 0.87 followed by providing healthy planting materials (index 0.65). Majority of the farmers adopted training pruning, application of Bordeaux mixture and paste (58.3%), weed control measures, intercropping, tillage and mulching (5%).
PRESENT STATUS, IMPORTANCE AND CHALLENGES OF NEGLECTED AND UNDERUTILIZED CROPS SPECIES (NUCS) IN NEPAL
Authors: Panthi Binod
Published: January 2022

Globally, more than 30,000 plant species are edible. Out of them only 150 to 200 plant species are used by human beings and three of them are only rice ,wheat and maize (FAO 2011). About 84% of human diet and nutrition come from plants but human beings are more continuously consuming only a few different crops. Nepal ranks 49th in world for biodiversity richness. Among 577 cultivated species 484 are indigenous and 93 are introduced . About 85% of these cultivated crops are neglected and underutilized (Joshi et al., 2019). More than 83% of total cultivated area of Nepal is covered by just three crops i.e rice ,wheat and maize. In Nepal NUS are those crops species that are cultivated long time before but now being neglected and are not included in formal research and development. Such crops are Millet species such as Foxtail millet (Kaaguno) Proso millet (Chino), Taro (Pindaau), Sorghum (Junelo) etc. These crops are known for their high adaptability to changing climate, can be grown in marginal soil and harsh climatic condition. Beside their tolerance to abiotic stress these crops are nutritionally rich and play major role in combacting vitamin and micronutrient deficiency. The main aim of this paper is to review some of the important but neglected and underutilized crops species which have very important role in food and nutrition security.
AGRO TECHNO PARK DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN ACCELERATION OF COCOA PLANT TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION IN GUGUAK DISTRICT OF WEST SUMATERA-INDONESIA
Authors: Aldillah Rizma , Wahyuni Rahmi
Published: January 2022

The cocoa plant is a regional superior commodity that has great potential and is able to improve the community’s economy. This requires a touch of technological innovation from upstream to downstream through the Agro Techno Park Guguak, with the concept as a means of accelerating dissemination or technology transfer to the public. The purpose of this paper is to identify the Agro Techno Park development strategy in an effort to accelerate innovation in cocoa plant technology in West Sumatra. This research was conducted at Agro Techno Park Guguak, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra in 2021. The data analysis method used was the SWOT method. Based on the results of research on the development strategy of the Guguak Agro Techno Park in an effort to accelerate innovation in cocoa plant technology in West Sumatra, the Rapid Growth Strategy is a strategy. Strategies that can be implemented are (1) Regarding the high market demand for processed chocolate products, it is necessary to carry out post-harvest guidance and training for cocoa in a sustainable manner until they find the right market, (2) Agro Techno Park Guguak as a business incubator needs to foster melinial farmers. who have an entrepreneurial spirit, (3) guidance and sustainable assistance in cocoa farmer areas, (4) fostering farmer institutions in order to strengthen the bargaining position of cocoa farmers.
EXPLORING THE INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE OF GURUNG COMMUNITY: A CASE STUDY FROM SYANGJA, NEPAL
Authors: Adhikari Aakash , Bist Pratibha , Kunwar Samikshya , Adhikari Asmita
Published: January 2022

People have collected knowledge based on their experience and have been using such knowledge to develop new technologies. Every invention in today’s World is the result of empirical knowledge that our precedents collected which is also known as indigenous knowledge. In this paper, we have intended to study the indigenous knowledge and practices of a Nepali community. A study was conducted in Phedi Khola Rural Municipality, Syangja, Nepal to investigate indigenous knowledge and practices of the Gurung Community residing in the study area. The study covers various indigenous technologies used by the Gurung community in aspects such as seed management, crop management, disease pest management, storage, and other indigenous practices. Farmers had rich knowledge regarding the seed selection of different crop varieties. From the result, we can conclude that farmers often conserved local varieties of the crops by using their indigenous knowledge. The existing indigenous knowledge of farmers on crop insect pests and diseases management was not sufficient to secure food in the area. However, the rate of adopting new chemical pesticides and insecticides was negligible. There were various indigenous technologies of the Gurung community with great indigenous knowledge holding from generation to generation. They had both cultural and livelihood importance. The farmers possessed a great deal of local knowledge that can be documented, disseminated, and utilized. The survey provided the fact that these villages had road connections. It has been considered that once the area is totally connected or accessible to the market economy the valuable indigenous knowledge possessed by its inhabitants would be eroded forever. Hence, it was an urgent necessity to conduct a comprehensive study on the indigenous knowledge systems.
EFFECT OF AGE AND NUMBER OF SEEDLINGS IN PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE, DANG, NEPAL
Authors: Dhungana Riyana , Bhandari Rabindra , Paudel Rasmi , Paudel Pawan , Bakabal Mina , Bohora Sidda Lal , Bista Bishal
Published: January 2022

The growth, yield and yield attributing characters of Tilki rice variety was evaluated under different age and number of seedlings hill -1 at Dang, Nepal during rainy season from June to September, 2019. The experiment was laid out into factorial design of two different age of seedlings as viz. 20 days and 30 days as main plot factor and four different number of seedlings hill -1 viz. 1, 2, 3 and 4 as sub-plot factor and replicated thrice. The results revealed that highest plant height (79.69cm) at the time of harvesting , LAI (0.17), panicle length (23.55cm), number of grains per panicle (101.82), effective tiller per hill (9.9), non-effective tiller per hill (1.03), total tiller per hill (10.94), test weight (29.22gm) ,economical yield (2.09ton/ha), biological yield (5.28ton/ha) and harvest index (39.34%) were recorded by 20 days of seedlings. Regarding the number of seedlings effective tiller per hill and harvest index were non-significant. Highest plant height (79.65cm), test weight (28.88gm) and LAI (0.17) were recorded in 1 seedling per hill. Longest panicle length (24.11cm) and more number of grains per panicle (100.48) were also recorded in 1 seedlings per hill. Highest number of non-effective tiller (1.66) and total tillers per hill (11.08) in four seedlings per hill were recorded. Highest economical yield (2.21ton/ha) and biological yield (5.43ton/ha) were recorded in 2 seedlings per hill. The interaction effect of age and number of seedlings per hill showed non-significant relation with all the growth, yield and yield attributing parameters except non-effective tiller per hill and LAI.