bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation Study of Performance of Optical Wireless Sensors Network for Achieving High Data Rate and Power Saving
Authors: Ibrahim Isam Aameer , Mansour Tahreer Safa's
Published: July 2021

Abstract—One of the major global issues today is the growing requirements for high-speed data transmission, energy consumption, and the huge volume of data utilized by a variety of multimedia applications such as video streaming, monitoring systems, and gaming. In this research, an analysis is carried out to study the design and evaluation of performance underwater OWC systems (UOWC) through medium communication link ranges to overcome absorption and scattering and to meet the requirements of a wide variety of optical wireless applications. Two modulation schemes of technology have been proposed in the UOWC system which is Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) modulation with Direct Detection (DD) and the DPSK modulation with Coherent Detection (CD), both of them used Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based on different configurations of multi-input multi-output technology (MIMO).  The mathematical model has been proposed to calculate optimal beacon period (BI) and listen to the interval (LI) for preventing overlapping time between the signals and the required power is reduced. By using different types of water the simulation results are displayed the best performance of the UOWC system from link rang and receiver sensitivity. The simulation result of BER is equal 10-5, BI equal to 85ms, and LI equal to 108ms.
Simplified Analytical Determination of Bending Moments in a Two-Way Slab Using a Web-Based Application
Authors: Holan Jakub , Štefan Radek
Published: July 2021

In the last decade, the computing power of computers has significantly increased, which enabled very detailed and accurate numerical static non-linear analyses of reinforced concrete structures to be carried out using sophisticated commercial software. However, higher risk of errors, both in the calculation inputs and algorithm, is linked with the increased detail and accuracy of numerical modelling. For this reason, it is convenient to verify the results provided by sophisticated software using simplified analytical approaches. In order to provide a tool for quick and easy verification of results provided by sophisticated software, a novel web-based application employing simplified analytical methods has been developed by the authors of this paper. This web-based application is capable of quick and easy calculations of bending moments in reinforced concrete two-way slabs. For the calculation of bending moments, the Marcus Method is employed. This method introduces a correction coefficient to the Rankine-Grashoff Theory of Equal Deflections in order to account for the torsional restraints at the corners of the slab. These analytical methods are algorithmized and implemented using the JavaScript programming language. A graphical user interface for the input of data and for the interpretation of results is created using the HTML markup language. The novel web-based application is freely available and works on all common devices and operating systems. From the presented results, it is clear that the novel web-based application is quick, easily available, user-friendly, and intuitive. The web-based application can be used for the verification of the calculated bending moments during the design of a reinforced concrete two-way slab.
Categorization of Bridges by Failure Consequences
Authors: Holicky Milan , Kolisko Jiří
Published: July 2021

Categorization of bridge constructions by the failure consequences due to loss of ultimate capacity or serviceability is a difficult task that can be resolved using two different approaches: elementary method using currently valid standards advanced method based on risk assessment. The elementary method is grounded on subjective assessment of bridge malfunctioning or collapse. The bridge is classified into an appropriate category (consequence class) in accordance with the most severe consequence. It is a simple procedure that may be applied without the need of demanding mathematical procedures. However, the resulting categorization may be affected by uncertainties in the assessment of consequences. The advanced method is based on a comprehensive analysis of bridge malfunctioning using a procedure of risk assessment. This method takes account of the occurrence probability of unfavourable events and the significance of individual consequences. Classification of a bridge construction into an appropriate category depends on the resulting risk of the bridge failure. This more laborious approach provides credible results without excessive uncertainties. The most adverse difficulty of the method is a combination of some consequences like the loss of life and economic costs. Both the above-mentioned approaches to the categorization of bridges by failure consequences can be effectively used depending on the type of bridge, on the intensity of exploitation, on expected consequences, and on social impacts of bridge malfunctioning.
Determination of the Optimal Structure of a Layered Composite Material for Maximum Strength Characteristics
Authors: Bokhoeva Ljubov Aleksandrovna , Bobarika I.O. , Baldanov A.B. , Rogov Vitaly Evdokimovich , Chermoshentseva Anna S.
Published: July 2021

Due to the intensive development of composite materials and technologies for producing parts from them, they are increasingly used in various industries, including the manufacture of products with increased requirements for the characteristics of final products (strength, stiffness, minimum weight, etc.). In this regard, the authors analyzed the possibility to optimize the layered structure of a composite material in order to give it a pronounced predictable anisotropy of properties required for the final product. Thus, the influence of the orientation of the fibers of the reinforcing material in different layers of the package and the number of layers of the package on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the hypothetical product were analyzed. The problem was solved through the example of the development of a wing for a hypothetical UAV.
Mechanical Properties of Samples Based on Schwartz-P Minimal Surface
Authors: Balabanov Sergey V. , Makogon Aleksei I. , Arsentev Maxim Yu. , Sychov Maxim М.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the physical and mechanical properties of cellular structures fabricated by means of additive manufacturing. The structural elements are repeating in three directions, and have a geometric shape of Schwarz-P surface. Samples in the form of a cube (size 30x30x30 mm) were created by layer-by-layer fusion of thermoplastic polymer on a FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printer. Compression tests of samples with different geometry have shown that with an increase in the characteristic size of a repeating structural element with a decrease in the parameter (t), the strength of the samples increases and is maximal at t = -0.6. According to the calculations performed by the finite element method, this is associated with an increase in the area of ​​the dangerous section. However, specimens with t = 0 have the highest specific strength. This is because the average curvature of products with t = 0 is zero at each point, which contributes to the effective distribution of mechanical stresses in the specimen. When t ≠ 0, the average curvature is constant, but has a non-zero value.
Fractalkine Elicits Chemotactic, Phenotypic, and Functional Effects on CX3CR1+CD27− NK Cells in Obesity-Associated Cancer
Authors: Mylod Eimear , Melo Ashanty M , Donlon Noel E , Davern Maria , Bhardwaj Anshul , Reynolds John V , Lysaght Joanne , Conroy Melissa J
Published: July 2021

Esophagogastric adenocarcinomas (EAC) are obesity-associated malignancies underpinned by severe immune dysregulation and inflammation. Our previous work indicates that NK cells migrate to EAC omentum, where they undergo phenotypic and functional alterations and apoptosis. In this study, we investigate whether such erroneous chemotaxis to omentum is paralleled by compromised NK cell infiltration of EAC patient tumor and examine the role of the inflammatory chemokine fractalkine in shaping the NK cell–mediated response. Our data show diminished NK cell frequencies in EAC tumor compared with those in the circulation and reveal that intratumoral NK cell frequencies decline as visceral obesity increases in EAC patients. Our in vitro findings demonstrate that antagonism of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 significantly reduces NK cell migration to EAC patient–derived, omental adipose tissue–conditioned media, but not toward tumor-conditioned media. These data suggest fractalkine is a key driver of NK cell chemotaxis to omentum but has a lesser role in NK cell homing to tumor in EAC. We propose that this may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to limit NK cell depletion in the omentum of obese EAC patients, and our data suggest the optimal timing for CX3CR1 antagonism is after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Our functional studies demonstrate that fractalkine induces the conversion from CX3CR1+CD27− to CX3CR1−CD27+ NK cells and increases their IFN-γ and TNF-α production, indicative of its role in shaping the dominant NK cell phenotype in EAC omentum. This study uncovers crucial and potentially druggable pathways underpinning NK cell dysfunction in obesity-associated cancer and provides compelling insights into fractalkine’s diverse biological functions.
Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin–Infected Dendritic Cells Induce TNF-α–Dependent Cell Cluster Formation That Promotes Bacterial Dissemination through an In Vitro Model of the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Gilpin Trey E , Walter Fruzsina R , Herbath Melinda , Sandor Matyas , Fabry Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2021

CNS tuberculosis (CNSTB) is the most severe manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection, but the mechanism of how mycobacteria cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is not well understood. In this study, we report a novel murine in vitro BBB model combining primary brain endothelial cells, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin–infected dendritic cells (DCs), PBMCs, and bacterial Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. We show that mycobacterial infection limits DC mobility and also induces cellular cluster formation that has a similar composition to pulmonary mycobacterial granulomas. Within the clusters, infection from DCs disseminates to the recruited monocytes, promoting bacterial expansion. Mycobacterium-induced in vitro granulomas have been described previously, but this report shows that they can form on brain endothelial cell monolayers. Cellular cluster formation leads to cluster-associated damage of the endothelial cell monolayer defined by mitochondrial stress, disorganization of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin-5, upregulation of the adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, and increased transmigration of bacteria-infected cells across the BBB. TNF-α inhibition reduces cluster formation on brain endothelial cells and mitigates cluster-associated damage. These data describe a model of bacterial dissemination across the BBB shedding light on a mechanism that might contribute to CNS tuberculosis infection and facilitate treatments.
Evaluation of intraocular pressure change and anterior segment parameters after intravitreal bevacizumab injection – Cannula size matters
Authors: Hamidi Nagihan A. , Güneş İrfan B. , Baykara Mehmet
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:

To determine the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber parameters following intravitreal bevacizumab injection with different sizes of cannulas.

METHODS:

This clinical trial was conducted with 70 eyes of 70 patients who received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab with 26 G (Group 1) or 30 G (Group 2) needle. Preinjection and postinjection 30th-min IOP and pentacam measurements were obtained. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), and iridocorneal angle (ICA) measurements were evaluated in pentacam.

RESULTS:

Preinjection mean IOP values in Group 1 and 2 were 14.7 ± 3.29 mm Hg and 15.1 ± 2.87 mm Hg, respectively. Postinjection mean IOP in Group 1 was 16.8 ± 6.24 mm Hg and in Group 2 was 20.3 ± 3.66 mm Hg. Postinjection mean IOP values were significantly higher than preinjection values in both groups (Group 1 P < 0.005 and Group 2 P < 0.001). IOP change was significantly higher in Group 2 after injection (P < 0.05). In both groups, the change in IOP found to be more significant in phakic eyes than pseudophakic eyes (Group 1 P < 0.001, Group 2 P < 0.001). CCT and CV were significantly higher in both groups 30 min after the injection than preinjection (Group 1 and Group 2; P < 0.01). In Group 2 ACD, ACV and ICA values were significantly lower than preinjection values (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Needle bore size is an important parameter that influences anterior segment parameters and IOP change in the intravitreal injection. IOP rise and anterior segment changes are more prominent with a thinner cannula.
Expression of ALP and TGF-β in Osteoblast Cell Cultures after Administering Collagen Peptide Derived from Gouramy (Osphronemus goramy) Fish Scales
Authors: Tionardus Melissa , Dwija Putra I Gusti Ngurah Agung Gede , Ulfah Noer , Krismariono Agung , Setiawatie Ernie Maduratna , Prahasanti Chiquita
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Collagen peptide extracted from gouramy fish scale has noncytotoxic effects and good viability on osteoblast cells. Various characteristic tests also show that it could form as scaffold with the potential to be a biomaterial graft used in tissue engineering. Studies in this field are vital considering the fact that graft is highly essential for the development and success of regeneration therapy. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in osteoblast cell cultures after administering collagen peptide derived from gouramy fish scale.

Material and Methods:

Osteoblast cells were put into 60 well plates divided into two groups. The first group was to analyze the expression of ALP, while the second group was for TGF-β. Then, each of the group was divided into five other groups consisting of cell control and culture of osteoblast cell having collagen peptide derived from gouramy fish scale with four different concentrations. The collagen peptide was extracted through enzymatic method. Then, the immunocytochemistry assay was used to detect the expression of ALP and TGF-β in the osteoblast cell cultures derived from calvaria mice after administering collagen peptide from the fish scale. The statistical methods used include Multivariate Analysisof Variance (MANOVA) analysis with a significance value of 0.000 (P < 0.05) and Tukey Honest Significance Test (HSD).

Results:

The statistical results showed that the collagen peptide derived from gouramy fish scales with various concentrations produced significantly different expressions of ALP and TGF-β.

Conclusion:

The expression of ALP and TGF-β in osteoblast cell cultures increased after administering the collagen peptide derived from the gouramy fish scales.
In Vitro Osteogenic Potential of Freeze-Dried Homologous Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Murdiastuti Kwartarini , Olivia Niken , Kusumadewi Wiwin-winda , Sumito Nandini
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is paid attention for regenerative therapy because it clinically improves neoangiogenesis and periodontal regeneration. PRP can be made in form of homologous PRP (HPRP) from healthy, screened, and habitual blood donors and freeze-dried to increase stored time of HPRP and maintain growth factors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate freeze-dried homologous platelet-rich plasma (FD HPRP) on osteogenesis.

Material and Methods:

HPRP was taken from the blood bank and then a freeze-drying and γ-radiation process was carried out with doses of 20 and 25 KGy, respectively, for the sterilization. Blood was collected as much as 10 mL and then centrifuged at 700 rpm for 3 minutes to produce injectable platelet-rich fibrin (iPRF) as a positive control. Cell line MG63 were cultured to confluent, and then treated with FD HPRP 20 kGy, FD HPRP 25 kGy, iPRF, and one group non treated as a negative control. Osteocytes were determined based on morphology after hematoxylin staining to see the differentiation process. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:

There was a significant difference in the number of osteocytes between FD HPRP and negative control (P < 0.05). The number of osteocytes FD HPRP 25 was higher than FD HPRP 20.

Conclusion:

The present results indicate that FD HPRP could support the bone regeneration and used without any preparation like fresh PRP.
Maternal Obesity Affecting Immediate Neonatal Outcomes in Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Abdulla Sajida , Divakaran Manjula Velikkakath , Ramakrishnan Radha Kunnath
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

The association between maternal obesity and increased neonatal morbidity in infants of diabetic mothers needs to be evaluated.

Aims:

The objective of the study is to compare the immediate neonatal complications of obese and nonobese gestational diabetic mothers (GDM).

Settings and Design:

This prospective case–control study was conducted in a tertiary care center in Kerala, South India, between July 1, 2019 and January 1, 2020.

Methods:

Six hundred and seventy-seven obstetric patient records of deliveries conducted between July 1, 2019 and January 1, 2020 were reviewed. Neonatal outcomes of infants of obese and nonobese diabetic mothers (categorization based on prepregnancy body mass index [BMI]) were compared with the healthy neonatal controls born during the study period. Outcomes studied were neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, NICU stay more than 7 days, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, phototherapy, and proportion of small for gestational age in infants of diabetic mothers.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis used odds ratio and Chi-square tests.

Results:

One hundred and sixty-eight were found to be eligible to be included in the study. Eighty-four GDM cases were matched with 84 healthy control mothers. Hypoglycemia (P = 0.001), respiratory distress (P = 0.002), NICU admission (P = 0.001), prolonged NICU stay, and phototherapy were significantly associated with those mothers who had high BMI.

Conclusions:

Compared to infants of nonobese GDMs, infants of obese GDMs are at higher risk of hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, phototherapy, and NICU stay more than 7 days.
Association of parental food choice motives, attitudes, and sugar exposure in the diet with early childhood caries
Authors: Samaddar Anwesha , Shrikrishna Suprabha Baranya , Moza Aastha , Shenoy Ramya
Published: July 2021

Background:

Parents can affect their children's diet by making some food components more accessible. Food choice motives and attitudes of the parents toward sugary food may influence children's diet.

Aims:

The aim of the study is to investigate the association of parental food choice motives, attitudes toward sugar consumption, and dietary sugar exposure with early childhood caries (ECC).

Settings and Design:

This case–control study involved 200 children, aged 3–5 years with an equal number of cases (with ECC) and controls (without ECC), based on the WHO-decay-missing-filled teeth index criteria for dental caries.

Materials and Methods:

The data for parental food choice motives and attitudes toward sugar consumption were obtained using questionnaire answered by their parents, and the dietary sugar exposure was calculated using a 24 h diet chart. Data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression.

Results:

Most parents (99.5%) considered “maintaining health and nutrition” as an important criterion, above 85% parents thought “mood of the child,” “child likes and dislikes,” “sensory appeal of the food item,” “natural foods,” “quality of the food,” and “weight control” criteria important while selecting food items, with no significant difference between cases and controls. About 61% of the cases considered buying food based on convenience is important, as compared to 47% controls, and the difference was significant. Cases and controls did not differ in attitudes toward sugar consumption. Sugar exposure was significantly higher among the cases.

Conclusion:

High dietary sugar exposure is associated with ECC. Parents of children with ECC are likely to buy foods for their children based on convenience and availability.
Association of preterm low-birth-weight infants and maternal periodontitis during pregnancy
Authors: Dave Bhavna Haresh , Shah Ekta B , Gaikwad Rita V , Shah Susmita S
Published: July 2021

Context:

The impact of periodontal disease during pregnancy and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes is seen in the literature. When it comes to the link of disease related to periodontium to that of adverse pregnancy outcomes, a need can arise if a significant cause-effect relationship does exist or not between them.

Aim:

The study was aimed to determine the association of periodontal health status in pregnant women with the occurrence of preterm low birth weight (LBW) infants in Vadodara, Gujarat.

Settings and Design:

An interventional study with 100 patients was conducted, of which 67 participants were included in the control group and 33 participants were included in the intervention group. A total of 12 participants dropped out from the study and 88 were analyzed for the outcome.

Subjects and Methods:

The Community periodontal Index of Treatment needs index was taken for all enrolled participants and then were divided into interventional group and control group. Participants in the interventional group underwent scaling and root planning. Data related to the time of delivery and weight of the baby was taken from the hospital records.

Statistical Analysis:

A comparison of baseline characteristics was made using unpaired t-test. Chi-square test was used for the analysis of intergroup comparison. The odds ratio and the relative risk calculation were also done. P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance.

Results:

The odds ratio for both preterm and LBW were 3.86 times and 2.96, respectively. The Chi-square statistical test analysis was statistically significant for both preterm and LBW infants on the intergroup comparison.

Conclusion:

Periodontal disease can be considered as one of the risk factors for preterm LBW babies as not only the presence of disease condition causes an increase in inflammatory mediator but also the elimination of the disease condition reduces the adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Subcutaneous sarcoidosis
Authors: Lopez-Sundh AE , Maestre-Orozco T , Gonzalez-Vela MC , Fernandez-Ayala M
Published: July 2021

Subcutaneous sarcoidosis is a rare variant of this disease, whose relationship with systemic disease is still controversial. Our objective was to describe the clinical characteristics of a series of patients with subcutaneous sarcoidosis and to investigate the relationship between these skin lesions and the disease's activity, severity, and prognosis. Nineteen patients with biopsy-confirmed subcutaneous sarcoidosis between 2009 and 2019 were selected. Mean age at diagnosis was 53 years. Lung involvement was detected in 10 patients (52.6%), mainly in stages I and II. Only two patients (10.5%) had additional systemic signs and five patients (26%) suffered from other autoimmune diseases simultaneously. Six patients (31.6%) had elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme levels (mean level 174.5 U/L). Eight patients (42%) received treatment, mainly systemic corticosteroids, and all patients except for one had a favorable clinical outcome. Subcutaneous sarcoidosis is frequently associated with a mild form of systemic disease, and the prognosis seems favorable regardless of treatment. Sarcoid nodules could be an early finding of systemic disease, allowing for less invasive procedures for histological confirmation.
IOTFlood: hardware and software platform using internet of things to monitor floods in real time
Authors: Silva Júnior Francisco Vital Da , Cunha Mônica Ximenes Carneiro Da , Souza Júnior Marcílio Ferreira De
Published: July 2021

Floods are responsible for a high number of human and material losses every year. Monitoring of river levels is usually performed with radar and pre-configured sensors. However, a major flood can occur quickly. This justifies the implementation of a real-time monitoring system. This work presents a hardware and software platform that uses Internet of Things (IoTFlood) to generate flood alerts to agencies responsible for monitoring by sending automatic messages about the situation of rivers. Research design involved laboratory and field scenarios, simulating floods using mockups, and later tested on the Mundaú River, state of Alagoas, Brazil, where flooding episodes have already occurred. As a result, a low-cost, modular and scalable IoT platform was achieved, where sensor data can be accessed through a web interface or smartphone, without the need for existing infrastructure at the site where the IOTFlood solution was installed using affordable hardware, open source software and free online services for the viewing of collected data.
Applied Systems Theory and Financial Systems. An empirical research of a Model with Moderate Variable Added on the 'CSR—CFP' Linear Relationship
Authors: Shen Qi Tai Song , Wang Xiao Fei , Yu Jian
Published: July 2021

In Systems Theory the financial Systems Engineering plays an important role. Whether the social responsibility of state-owned enterprises can also have a significant impact on economic performance is an important problem worthy of further exploration. Based on the stakeholder theory, this study using high-quality management theory and upper echelons theory along with the second-hand data from different sources, empirically analyzes the relationship between “corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP)” of 285 Chinese state-owned listed companies. This study simultaneously introduces the level of executives' shareholding ratio (ESR) to explore the contingent effect of this relationship. This research finds that, unlike some previous results, the CSR of state-owned listed companies significantly positively affects the CFP of the subsequent years'; More importantly, the level of executives' shareholding ratio will amplify the above relationship and play the role as the positive moderate effect. From the perspective of corporate governance, this study promotes the research on the influence mechanism of Chinese state-owned enterprises' social responsibility performance, reveals the important contextual factors which positively stimulate the relationship between “CSR—CFP”, and has important enlightenment and practical significance for the development of strategic social responsibility theory and the optimization of the corporate governance of the state-owned listed companies.
Janteloven: Scandinavian Social Conformity, IKEA, Minimalism, and The Socialism of Design
Authors: BASAK Rasim
Published: July 2021

Janteloven is a set of unspoken or hidden rules of conformity in Scandinavian societies, especially in Norway and Denmark. These rules, also called as Scandinavian Ten Commandments, were originated from a fiction novel, written in 1933 by Aksel Sandemose. Sandemose gathered, identified and described the unspoken Scandinavian nature of societal and conformity rules that he was highly critical about and stated the obvious with irony. Janteloven is commonly associated with some negative social behavioral traits as if Janteloven put a spell on Scandinavian people. It also was associated with some positive traits, Scandinavian design, IKEA and even Scandinavian social democratic life is associated with it. This study examines the stylistic characteristics of minimalism, Mid-20th Century Modern style, Scandinavian style, IKEA style and philosophies within their origins, and ideological associations. The study is designed as phenomenology; conceptual discourse analysis and content analysis methods were employed to analyze information. Design and ideology may influence each other reciprocally, and design trends may not be a coincidence. This study makes connections of how an egalitarian society ends up with minimalist design and IKEA philosophy using social conformity and Janteloven as vehicles.
Correlation between the antioxidant capacity of plasma and blood glucose level
Authors: Nurinda Eva , Emelda  , Kusumawardani Nurul
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Oxidative stress on tissues can cause diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM).      Aim: This study aimed to pharmacologically evaluate the decrease in blood glucose levels and its relationship with the total antioxidant capacity of the blood compared to glibenclamide.      Method: An experimental study with completely randomised designs was carried out. Rats were induced with streptozotosin followed by ethanolic extract for ten days.    Results: The One-Way Anova test, showed that the increase of the total antioxidant capacity of plasma treated with ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia and Curcuma zanthorrhiza was comparable in the same amount to glibenclamide (p=0.345), (p=0.289). There was a relationship between total blood antioxidant capacity and blood glucose levels, this linear association was expressed with the following mathematical equation: y = 20,253 - 2,946x.    Conclusion: The antioxidant content of Tinospora cordifolia, Curcuma zanthorrhiza, and Cinnamomum verum has the potential to control blood glucose in diabetes mellitus.
Fluconazole-tartaric acid co-crystal formation and its mechanical properties
Authors: Alatas Fikri , Suwartiningsih Nia , Ratih Hestiary , Sutarna Titta Hartyana
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The formation of co-crystal is widely studied to obtain more favourable physicochemical properties than the pure active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The co-crystal formation between an anti-fungal drug, fluconazole (FLU), and tartaric acid (TAR) has been investigated and its impact on mechanical properties has also been studied.    

Methods: The co-crystal of FLU-TAR (1:1) molar ratio was prepared by ultrasound-assisted solution co-crystallization (USSC) method with ethanol as the solvent. Polarization microscopy was used to observe the crystal morphology. Meanwhile, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were used to characterise the co-crystal formation. The mechanical properties of the co-crystal, such as flowability and tablet-ability, were compared with pure FLU. 

Results: Photomicroscopes revealed the unique crystal morphology of the USSC product was different from the two starting components. The typical PXRD pattern was shown by the USSC product, which indicated the formation of FLU-TAR co-crystal. In addition, the DSC thermogram revealed 169.2°C as the melting point of the FLU-TAR co-crystal, which is between the melting points of FLU and TAR. It indicates that FLU-TAR co-crystal has better flowability and tablet-ability than pure FLU.     

Conclusion: FLU-TAR co-crystal is one of the alternative solid forms for a raw material in pharmaceutical tablet preparation because it has better mechanical properties than pure fluconazole.
Evaluation of antidiarrheal effect of combination of Salam Leaves (Syzygiumpolyanthum) and Jackfruit Leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) infusum in rats induced by castor oil
Authors: Khuluq Husnul , Marlina Evi
Published: July 2021

Backround: Diarrhoea is a condition characterised by watery, loose stools that occurs more than three times daily. In Indonesian traditional medicine, salam leaves and jackfruit leaves have been used as herbal treatments for many conditions, including as antidiarrheal medicines.    

Aims: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of a combination of Salam leaves and jackfruit leaves infusum induced by castor oil in rats.    

Method: The rats were divided into nine groups, where the negative control group was given CMC 1 %, the positive control group was given tannins, and five test groups were given the infusum with five comparisons of each dose administered orally. Castor oil was used as a stimulant of diarrhoea.     

Results: The results show that with all combinations of salam leaves: jackfruit leaves have antidiarrheal effects with decreased frequency of defecation, faeces consistency, and faeces weight at ratios of 1:1,  1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1 compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). Phytochemical test of the infusum indicated positive tannins. The antidiarrheal effect of both infusums might be due to the presence of tannins, which have anti-secretory effect in the intestinal lumen.   

Conclusions: The treatment with combination of salam leaves and jackfruit leaves infusum in rats induced by Castor oil has an antidiarrheal effect. The best result is a mixture of salam infusum: jackfruit infusum with 3:1 ratio.
Adverse drug reactions associated with successful treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital Central Jakarta
Authors: Kurniawan Adin Hakim , Cartika Harpolia , Aisyah Siti
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Indonesia experiences Tuberculosis (TB) cases that are very complex and complicated, especially those dealing with Multi-Drug Resistance TB (MDR-TB). Its therapy using several types of drugs can cause several problems; one of them is an adverse drug reaction. 

Aim: To investigate the association between Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) and the successful treatments of MDR-TB patients. 

Method: This was a retrospective study, the population in this study were all patients with medical and treatment records for MDR-TB. This sampling type is a purposive sampling technique. The statistical analysis used the chi-square test as the statistical test. 

Results: The significant correlation was between the incidence of ADRs and successful treatment with p=0.024; odd ratio=2.526; CI=1.193 - 17.892. 

Conclusions:  This study may help in formulating strategies for the timely and aggressive management of adverse drug reactions. This can reduce the deferral of therapy and increase the clinical success rate.
Analysis of pharmacists’ knowledge and attitude in the pharmaceutical industry of halal certification and their readiness to produce halal medicine
Authors: Rahem Abdul , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Faridah Hayyun Durrotul
Published: July 2021

Background: Since the issuance of Law 33 in 2014 concerning Guaranteed Halal Products, the government has an obligation to remind all parties that the law should be carried out properly in regards to the halal certification of medicine.
Aim: This study aims to determine the attitude of pharmacists towards halal medicine and their readiness to produce it, as well as the relationship between their attitude and readiness.   
Methods: This study had a cross-sectional observational design, the research variable was the attitude and readiness of pharmacists to produce halal drugs. The sample used was 206 pharmacists who were carrying out professional practice in the pharmaceutical industry in East Java. The instrument used was a valid and reliable questionnaire.    
Results: The results showed that 51.54% of respondents agreed with halal certification on medicines and 58.74% of pharmacists were ready to produce halal medicine.   
Conclusion: The majority of pharmacists were in support of producing certified halal medicine. The attitude of these pharmacists was also related to their readiness to produce halal medicine.
In vivo activity of Phaseolus vulgaris as an anti-hypercholesterolemic
Authors: Idacahyati Keni , Sukmawan Yedy Purwandi , Yanti Nopi , Wulandari Winda Trisna , Gustaman Firman , Indra
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia occurs due to increased levels of lipids and cholesterol in the blood. Phytosterols, such as stigmasterol in Phaseolus vulgaris, can reduce blood cholesterol levels.    
Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of P. vulgarisin hypercholesterolemic rats.   
Methods: Nine groups underwent the anti-hypercholesterolemia test: control group, negative group, positive group, 150 mg/kg body weight (bw) and 300 mg/kg bw n-hexane extract groups, 150 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw ethyl acetate extract groups, and 150 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw ethanol extract groups.    
Results: All groups, except the control group, were given a high cholesterol diet to induce hypercholesterolemia (until the total cholesterol levels were higher than 200 mg/dL), followed by testing for ten days. The results showed that the 300 mg/kg bw ethyl acetate extract group had the best activity in reducing total cholesterol.
Therapeutic potential of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) developed into nanoparticle technology
Authors: Chabib Lutfi , Hidayat Adnan Muhammad Uno J , Trianloka A.M. Bagas , Pangestu Muhammad Iqbal , Suryani Arman , Yulianto
Published: July 2021

Introduction: One of plants that may have therapeutic potential is the Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng, also known as camel grass.    

Aim: This review aims to investigate and gather comprehensive information about camel grass plants and their potential to be developed into a nanotechnology drug delivery system.     

Methods: This review examined a variety of online literature.   

Results: It was found that camel grass contains essential oil  such as piperitone. Piperitone is efficacious as an antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, in addition to other properties . The development of camel grass essential oil into lipid-based nanotechnology preparations can improve its bioavailability, solubility, and stability, thereby improving its potential effectiveness.
Analysis of white pepper essential oil components using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy
Authors: Purwaniati  , Permana Gilang Eka , Pamudjo Indro
Published: July 2021

Introduction: White pepper is an important commodity used to produce essential oils. Differences in the oil components are determined by which region the peppers used were sourced from.   
Aims: The aim of this study was to analyse the components of the essential oils produced by white peppers from different regions and to examine the specificity of these peppers.   
Methods: This analysis was carried out using the chromatography gas – mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method on essential oil samples made from peppers obtained from the Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi Islands.   
Results: The results showed that white pepper essential oil contains 22 components, and that α-pinene, ꞵ–pinene, ∆-carene, sabinene, dl-limonene, and caryophyllene were major compounds within the oils. Furthermore, it showed that α-pinene, sabinene, and caryophyllene compounds were most found in samples from the Kalimantan, Sumatra, and Sulawesi Islands respectively.Meanwhile, those from Java Island contained ꞵ – pinene, ∆-carene, and caryophyllene in similar quantities.
Formulation and physical properties of lotion Kalakai root ethanol extract (Stenochlaena palustris Bedd)
Authors: Adawiyah Rabiatul , Apriliyanti Riska , Umaternate Agustinawati
Published: July 2021

Aim: To determine the physical (organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility and adhesion) properties of the ethanol extract of Kalakai root lotion with a concentration of 1%, 2% and 3%.    
Methods: This study used the maceration method that was carried out by testing the physical properties of the lotion preparation with three concentrations, namely 1%, 2% and 3% using one type, namely the M/A type.    
Results: It was found that at a concentration of 3% it was a formula for the ethanol extract of Kalakai root that met the quality parameters of the good physical properties of the lotion.     
Conclusion: Kalakai root extract concentration influenced the physical properties of the lotion preparation tested. The higher the kalakai root extract concentration, to a concentration of 3%, did not affect the pH value or homogeneity, but the kalakai root extract lotion preparation had higher results for the spreadability and adhesion.
Medicine management in districts and primary health care centres (PHC) in the national health insurance (JKN) programme
Authors: Raharni  , Sasanti Rini , Yuniar Yuyun
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study aimed to identify medicine management in district health offices and primary health care centres (PHCs) after the national health insurance (JKN) programme implementation.     
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by collecting documents related to medication management and in-depth interviews with the head of the PHC officials and JKN medicine management officers at the PHC in four provinces of Indonesia.     
Results: The results showed no regional policies related to medicine management; all policies were based on central policies. Medicine management in districts follows the procurement planning suggested by PHCs, which relies on disease patterns. Medicine procurement at PHCs is done by e-purchasing using an e-catalog. Medicines above IDR 200 million are purchased through catalogs provided by the procurement service unit (ULP), and those under IDR 200 million are obtained through a direct appointment.     
Conclusion: The storage of medicine requires more space and air humidity controlling. The reporting and monitoring of medications e-logistic system are based on 20 indicators and have not been carried out regularly. It is necessary to improve reporting and monitoring systems.
Drug interactions in patients with hypertension at Persahabatan hospital in 2015
Authors: Islam Zainul , Vitasari Atika , Ridwan Muhammad Arif
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Hypertensive disease can cause various complications, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and kidney failure. To overcome these complications, patients are given polypharmacy therapy, which can potentially lead to drug interactions.    
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the potential incidence of drug interactions in hypertensive inpatients at the Persahabatan Hospital in 2015.    
Methods: The research is a descriptive study with retrospective data by purposive sampling technique using secondary data, medical records of hypertensive inpatients. The study of drug interactions was conducted theoretically, based on a literature study using Drug Interaction Facts 2014.    
Results: The results showed out of 174 hypertensive patients, 141 (81.0%) had potential drug interactions, with a total of 1444 cases. The highest drug interactions were at three levels of significance in 383 cases (26.5%), with 554 cases (38.4%) of pharmacodynamic mechanisms.
Hypoglycemic activity test on smooth pigweed (Ammaranthus Hybridus L) leaf water extract on male Wistar rats
Authors: Rindarwati Asti Yunia
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunction characterized by hyperglycemia. The activity of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.) leaves water extract on male Wistar rats.   
Aims: This research was started by supplying simplicia, making smooth pigweed leaves water extract, and testing the hypoglycemic activity of smooth pigweed leaves water extract on male Wistar rats.    
Methods: The glucose tolerance method was used to determine the hypoglycemic activity of smooth pigweed leaves water extract. Male white rats were divided into five groups of six rats each: a positive control group (0.5% of tragacanth suspension), a comparison group (Diabinese suspension at a dose of 22.5 mg/kg body weight (bw)), and three test groups at doses of 50 mg/kg bw, 100 mg/kg bw, and 150 mg/kg bw.   
Results and conclusions: The most significant hypoglycemic activity was seen with the dose of 150 mg/kg bw in comparison with the control group at 90 minutes.
Systemic Risk and Dynamics of Stock Prices: A Short and Long Run Analysis from Nigeria Capital Market
Authors: Charles Fortune Bella , Okoro Charles Ugochukwu
Published: July 2021

This study examined the effect of systemic risk on the dynamics of stock prices in Nigeria capital market. The objective was to investigate the dynamic effect of systemic risk on stock prices traded on the floor of Nigeria stock exchange. Time series data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin from 1990-2017.  Stock prices were modeled as the function of prices risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk and exchange rate risk. Multiple regression with ordinary least square properties of co-integration was used to examine the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. The study found  price and liquidity risk have positive effect on stock price while interest rate and exchange rate risk have negative effect on stock prices of equities traded on Nigeria stock exchange. It concludes that systemic risk has significant effect on stock prices and recommends, among others, that the management of the capital market should ensure that the operating environment is risk minimum to ensure appreciable stock prices by developing strategies and policies aim at managing the systematic risk in the operating environment and engage a regular environmental impact assessment on systemic risk, to avert it’s negative effect on stock prices.
Experience of Using Simulation Teaching in Acquiring Practical Skills by Junior Students
Authors: Butko V. V. , Goncharuk Ya. I. , Kudash O. V.
Published: July 2021

This work is devoted to the application of simulation training in the training of medical personnel in teaching junior students. This experience is assessed as positive and makes it possible to practice many professional skills, which in the future has a beneficial effect on professional activities.
Simulation Trainings in the Optimization of Medical Care for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Dolgina I. I. , Dolzhenkova I. G. , Savich V. V. , Grigorian M. F.
Published: July 2021

The study analyzes the effectiveness of simulation training aimed at introducing protocols for resuscitation and thrombolytic therapy for emergency medical workers and vascular centers in teamwork by analyzing the clinical outcomes of resuscitation measures, the number and effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy at the prehospital stage and in vascular centers. It has been shown that team simulation trainings contribute to improving the quality of medical care for patients with acute coronary syndrome, improving patient survival and their quality of life.