bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
War on Nagorno karabakh in 2020: The role of global and regional forces
Authors: Parezanović Marko
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes the war in Nagorno-Karabakh between Armenia and Azerbaijan in 2020, called the Second War and won by Azerbaijan. In addition to the military analysis, research was also carried out on the topic of political, economic and security circumstances that preceded the outbreak of armed conflict, with special emphasis on the role of key foreign policy actors, primarily Russia, Turkey and Iran. Special attention was paid to foreign policy position of the United States on the said conflict. The analysis of the peace agreement, as well as all political and military-security implications that arose from that agreement and that could reflect on the further stability and preservation of peace in the Nagorno-Karabakh region was conducted. The research results indicate that regardless the signed peace agreement and cessation of armed conflicts between the Armenian and Azerbaijani armed forces, Nagorno-Karabakh still remains an area of high conflict potential, and in the future renewed armed conflicts can certainly be expected, at the beginning they could have limited potential, but certainly with a tendency to grow into a new war.
Justice-Involved Veterans & Social Work: A Resource Dependence Theory Perspective
Authors: Schaffer Bradley
Published: October 2022

The salience of justice-involved military veterans endures as a pervasive social problem in the United States of America (USA). Since the 1980’s the percentages of Justice-Involved Veterans (JIV) have varied from a reduction in Vietnam to increasing numbers of Global War on Terror (GWOT) veterans (Bureau of Justice Statistics Report, 2015). In response, there has been a proliferation of magistrate diversion, correctional specialty units, Veterans Treatment Courts (VTC) and programming for JIV. Much of the progress is due to concerted identification and organizational sharing of resources. The USA Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), courts, corrections and non-profit organizations (NPO) provide a valuable service to our military men and women to remediate the JIV needs. Social work plays at critical in practice areas at the penal, VA and NPO systems in the USA. The JIV population are examined through the lens of social work practice, resource dependence theory (RDT), case example and future direction. The examination highlights the importance of internal and external resources and partnerships to meet organizational goals and to remediate JIV psycho-social problems.
Instrumental Equipment of the Laboratory
Authors: ARIPUC Editor
Published: October 2022

No abstract
Papers published in ARIPUC 1-20, 1966-1986
Authors: ARIPUC
Published: October 2022

No abstract
Stress group patterns, sentence accents and sentence intonation in southern Jutland (Sønderborg and Tønder) - with a view to German
Authors: Grønnum Thorsen Nina
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates prosodic stress group patterns, the presence and manifestation of default and focal sentence accents and the nature of sentence intonation signalling in Standard Danish spoken on a substratum of South Jutland dialects, viz. Sønderborg and Tønder, and in two varieties of German, Standard North German and Flensburg. The following facts appear: sentence intonation (understood to encompass both utterance function and utterance juncture) is signalled globally in Tønder, locally in Sønderborg, and with a mixture of global and local signalling in German. Default accents are nonexistent in the two Danish varieties, optional in German. Focus is signalled, optionally (and never in final position), by stress reduction of the surroundings in the Danish regions, but is compulsory and takes the shape of a proper sentence accent, though modest, in German. Sønderborg and German have unambiguous final lengthening, whereas both lengthening and shortening finally occurs in Tønder. Prosodic stress group patterns suffer a clean truncation when their duration is shortened in the Danish regions, but a mixture of compression and truncation in German. Finally, Tønder has stød, Sønderborg and (of course) German do not.
Vidensmobilisering og vidensbrobygning - en oversigt over modeller og metoder
Authors: Pedersen David Budtz , Gensby Ulrik
Published: October 2022

Denne artikel fremlægger modeller og metoder til udveksling, oversættelse og formidling af forskningsbaseret viden i praksis og i politikudviklingen. Artiklen introducerer en række centrale begreber for arbejdet med vidensmobilisering blandt universiteter og fonde og giver en række bud på, hvordan vidensudveksling kan struktureres og organiseres i praksis. Artiklen fokuserer på fire udvalgte modeller, der beskriver, hvordan forskere, praktikere og beslutningstagere kan mødes og adressere fælles problemer. Ud over en række eksempler på eksisterende modeller og begreber giver artiklen en vurdering af behovet for strategi- og kompetenceudvikling på området, herunder hvordan der kan skabes bedre rammer for udvikling, gennemførelse og analyse af vidensudveksling mellem forskere, praktikere og beslutningstagere i fremtiden.
Værdiskabelse gennem forsknings- og innovationspartnerskaber – hvad skal der til?
Authors: Riis Annemarie Munk
Published: October 2022

På basis af erfaringerne med Innovationsfondens Grand Solutions program for forsknings- og innovationspartnerskaber opstiller artiklen en række meget lavpraktiske forhold og spørgsmål, som partnere skal overveje og have en plan for med henblik på at sikre partnerskabets værdiskabelse. Artiklen ser på succesfaktorer i forsknings- og innovationspartnerskaber i et ”før-under-efter” perspektiv. Arbejdet med at forberede, modne og følge op på partnerskabsprojekter er mindst lige så vigtigt for værdiskabelsen som det arbejde, der foregår i selve partnerskabet. Nogle af rådene kan forekomme intuitive, og måske endda banale, men erfaringer viser, at elementerne ofte ikke behandles i tilstrækkelig dybde eller på det rette tidspunkt i partnerskabet.
Teledermatology and COVID-19 in a resource-limited country such as Nepal
Authors: Krishna Jha , Kumar Jha Anil
Published: October 2022

Background: Teledermatology has become a popular alternative tool for providing dermatology services during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Despite being a rising health care modality, it helped to deliver uninterrupted services. The study aimed to determine the implementation, utilization, and acceptance of teledermatology services during the pandemic. Objectives: The aim was to assess the satisfaction of patients utilizing teledermatology services and to obtain their clinical and epidemiological data. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, single-center study on patients using teledermatology services. Demographic data was analyzed and a questionnaire survey was conducted through phone calls regarding their experience of the service. Results: The mean age of the patients was 33.48 ? 17.89 years. Out of 122 teleconsultations, 89 patients could be contacted again for feedback, among which 81 (91%) found the service easy to use, 75 (84.3%) were able to express their problems similarly to visits in person, 49 (55.05%) regarded teleconsultation as the same as an in-person visit, 80 (89.9%) were satisfied, and 85 (95.5%) agreed to use the service in the future. Superficial fungal infection was the most common diagnosis (24.6%). Newly registered patients were more satisfied in comparison to follow-up patients (96.36% of new cases vs. 79.41% of follow-up cases, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Teledermatology was well accepted by the patients in the current scenario. Telehealth services have a promising role in the future in fulfilling public health demands.
Philosophical aspects of the modern religious worldview
Authors: Usachev Alexander
Published: October 2022

The object of the research is one of the most important issues today - the structural relations of the scientific and philosophical spheres and religion, since new communicative and ontological possibilities have appeared. The subject of the study is the separation of science, philosophy and religion, which in Modern times could not destroy the belief in a single source of knowledge, which became an organizing principle, uniting the disparate data of experimental science, which required a single goal-setting and moral attitude, justifying the meaning of the search for new types of being of matter and phenomena of consciousness. The research is organized in accordance with the structural and functional method, which allows us to correlate various disciplines of philosophy and religious knowledge with each other. The purpose of the study is the question of the relationship of philosophy and religion in modern Russian self-consciousness, based on the attitudes of philosophical thinking and religious worldview. History shows that the thesis that scientific progress will contribute to the fact that the religious worldview will be leveled does not find support in reality. Historical fractures lead to the strengthening of religion in self-consciousness, and raises the question of the relationship between philosophical thinking and religious worldview in a new way.The objectives of this study are: to prove the position that religion can be called one of the modern modes of consciousness; to show how the philosophical attitude to reality enters into a dialogue with religion with a new force – it is forced to self-determine in relation to the mythological and intuitive religious worldview; the relationship of philosophical thinking and religious worldview gives rise to new meanings which must be taken into account in modern philosophizing.The scientific novelty of the research is that the syncretic type of thinking is shown on the example of Russian religious philosophy, which activates the philosophical understanding of the world and elements of the religious picture of the world.
Algorithms for calculating polarization direction based on spatial modulation of vector optical field
Authors: Wang Fu-Jie , Cao Xiao-Yu , Gao Chao , Wen Xue-Ke , Lei Bing ,   College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: October 2022

Polarization is an important property of electromagnetic waves, and measuring their polarization properties fast and precisely is a very important issue in many applications, such as skylight polarization navigation, optical activity measurement, imaging polarimetry, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and fluorescence polarization immunoassay . The polarization measurement method based on vector optical field modulation and image processing is a new type of spatial modulation polarization detection technology. The key step of this technique moving to practical application is determined by effective polarization measuring algorithms with high speed and accuracy. In order to find out the method of fast and precisely calculating polarization direction, the principle of polarization direction measurement based on vector optical field and spatial modulation is introduced briefly, and the basic characteristics of the spatially modulated intensity distribution images are analyzed. According to the properties of spatially modulated image, we propose and implement four different polarization direction calculation methods, which are the Radon transform, intensity modulation curve detection, radial integration, and image correlation detection, and also introduce their working principles and physical thoughts elaborately. To compare the detailed performances of these four algorithms, an experimental setup is constructed to collect the images and perform the algorithm verification, and the stabilities, speeds and accuracies of the four algorithms are compared. The research results indicate that all the four methods can achieve their stable and reliable polarization direction detections. The three methods, intensity modulation curve detection, radial integration and image correlation detection, can achieve the polarization direction measuring accuracy better than 0.01° . The intensity modulation curve detection and radial integration have relatively fast calculation speed and the best comprehensive performances , and are the most promising methods to realize real-time and high-precision polarization measurement.
Everyday Adventures with Unruly Data
Authors: Feinberg Melanie
Published: October 2022

Paired informal and scholarly essays show how everyday events reveal fundamental concepts of data, including its creation, aggregation, management, and use.

Whether questioning numbers on a scale, laughing at a misspelling of one's name, or finding ourselves confused in a foreign supermarket, we are engaging with data. The only way to handle data responsibly, says Melanie Feinberg in this incisive work, is to take into account its human character. Though the data she discusses may seem familiar, close scrutiny shows it to be ambiguous, complicated, and uncertain: unruly. Drawing on the tools of information science, she uses everyday events such as deciding between Blender A and Blender B on Amazon to demonstrate a practical, critical, and generative mode of thinking about data: its creation, management, aggregation, and use.

Each chapter pairs a self-contained main essay (an adventure) with a scholarly companion essay (the reflection). The adventure begins with an anecdote—visiting the library, running out of butter, cooking rice on a different stove. Feinberg argues that to understand the power and pitfalls of data science, we must attend to the data itself, not merely the algorithms that manipulate it. As she reflects on the implications of commonplace events, Feinberg explicates fundamental concepts of data that reveal the many tiny design decisions—which may not even seem like design at all—that shape how data comes to be. Through the themes of serendipity, objectivity, equivalence, interoperability, taxonomy, labels, and locality, she illuminates the surprisingly pervasive role of data in our daily thoughts and lives.
Cannabinoid signaling modulation through JZL184 restores key phenotypes of a mouse model for Williams–Beuren syndrome
Authors: Navarro-Romero Alba , Galera-López Lorena , Ortiz-Romero Paula , Llorente-Ovejero Alberto , de los Reyes-Ramírez Lucía , Bengoetxea de Tena Iker , Garcia-Elias Anna , Mas-Stachurska Aleksandra , Reixachs-Solé Marina , Pastor Antoni , de la Torre Rafael , Maldonado Rafael , Benito Begoña , Eyras Eduardo , Rodríguez-Puertas Rafael , Campuzano Victoria , Ozaita Andres
Published: October 2022

Williams–Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare genetic multisystemic disorder characterized by mild-to-moderate intellectual disability and hypersocial phenotype, while the most life-threatening features are cardiovascular abnormalities. Nowadays, there are no pharmacological treatments to directly ameliorate the main traits of WBS. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), given its relevance for both cognitive and cardiovascular function, could be a potential druggable target in this syndrome. We analyzed the components of the ECS in the complete deletion (CD) mouse model of WBS and assessed the impact of its pharmacological modulation in key phenotypes relevant for WBS. CD mice showed the characteristic hypersociable phenotype with no preference for social novelty and poor short-term object-recognition performance. Brain cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) in CD male mice showed alterations in density and coupling with no detectable change in main endocannabinoids. Endocannabinoid signaling modulation with subchronic (10 days) JZL184, a selective inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase, specifically normalized the social and cognitive phenotype of CD mice. Notably, JZL184 treatment improved cardiovascular function and restored gene expression patterns in cardiac tissue. These results reveal the modulation of the ECS as a promising novel therapeutic approach to improve key phenotypic alterations in WBS.
Constructing an atlas of associations between polygenic scores from across the human phenome and circulating metabolic biomarkers
Authors: Fang Si , Holmes Michael V , Gaunt Tom R , Davey Smith George , Richardson Tom G
Published: October 2022

Background:

Polygenic scores (PGS) are becoming an increasingly popular approach to predict complex disease risk, although they also hold the potential to develop insight into the molecular profiles of patients with an elevated genetic predisposition to disease.

Methods:

We sought to construct an atlas of associations between 125 different PGS derived using results from genome-wide association studies and 249 circulating metabolites in up to 83,004 participants from the UK Biobank.

Results:

As an exemplar to demonstrate the value of this atlas, we conducted a hypothesis-free evaluation of all associations with glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), an inflammatory biomarker. Using bidirectional Mendelian randomization, we find that the associations highlighted likely reflect the effect of risk factors, such as adiposity or liability towards smoking, on systemic inflammation as opposed to the converse direction. Moreover, we repeated all analyses in our atlas within age strata to investigate potential sources of collider bias, such as medication usage. This was exemplified by comparing associations between lipoprotein lipid profiles and the coronary artery disease PGS in the youngest and oldest age strata, which had differing proportions of individuals undergoing statin therapy. Lastly, we generated all PGS–metabolite associations stratified by sex and separately after excluding 13 established lipid-associated loci to further evaluate the robustness of findings.

Conclusions:

We envisage that the atlas of results constructed in our study will motivate future hypothesis generation and help prioritize and deprioritize circulating metabolic traits for in-depth investigations. All results can be visualized and downloaded at http://mrcieu.mrsoftware.org/metabolites_PRS_atlas.

Funding:

This work is supported by funding from the Wellcome Trust, the British Heart Foundation, and the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit.
N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (ndrg1) functions as a molecular switch for cellular adaptation to hypoxia
Authors: Park Jong S , Gabel Austin M , Kassir Polina , Kang Lois , Chowdhary Prableen K , Osei-Ntansah Afia , Tran Neil D , Viswanathan Soujanya , Canales Bryanna , Ding Pengfei , Lee Young-Sam , Brewster Rachel
Published: October 2022

Lack of oxygen (hypoxia and anoxia) is detrimental to cell function and survival and underlies many disease conditions. Hence, metazoans have evolved mechanisms to adapt to low oxygen. One such mechanism, metabolic suppression, decreases the cellular demand for oxygen by downregulating ATP-demanding processes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this adaptation are poorly understood. Here, we report on the role of ndrg1a in hypoxia adaptation of the anoxia-tolerant zebrafish embryo. ndrg1a is expressed in the kidney and ionocytes, cell types that use large amounts of ATP to maintain ion homeostasis. ndrg1a mutants are viable and develop normally when raised under normal oxygen. However, their survival and kidney function is reduced relative to WT embryos following exposure to prolonged anoxia. We further demonstrate that Ndrg1a binds to the energy-demanding sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA) pump under anoxia and is required for its degradation, which may preserve ATP in the kidney and ionocytes and contribute to energy homeostasis. Lastly, we show that sodium azide treatment, which increases lactate levels under normoxia, is sufficient to trigger NKA degradation in an Ndrg1a-dependent manner. These findings support a model whereby Ndrg1a is essential for hypoxia adaptation and functions downstream of lactate signaling to induce NKA degradation, a process known to conserve cellular energy.
Evolutionary rescue of phosphomannomutase deficiency in yeast models of human disease
Authors: Vignogna Ryan C , Allocca Mariateresa , Monticelli Maria , Norris Joy W , Steet Richard , Perlstein Ethan O , Andreotti Giuseppina , Lang Gregory I
Published: October 2022

The most common cause of human congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are mutations in the phosphomannomutase gene PMM2, which affect protein N-linked glycosylation. The yeast gene SEC53 encodes a homolog of human PMM2. We evolved 384 populations of yeast harboring one of two human-disease-associated alleles, sec53-V238M and sec53-F126L, or wild-type SEC53. We find that after 1000 generations, most populations compensate for the slow-growth phenotype associated with the sec53 human-disease-associated alleles. Through whole-genome sequencing we identify compensatory mutations, including known SEC53 genetic interactors. We observe an enrichment of compensatory mutations in other genes whose human homologs are associated with Type 1 CDG, including PGM1, which encodes the minor isoform of phosphoglucomutase in yeast. By genetic reconstruction, we show that evolved pgm1 mutations are dominant and allele-specific genetic interactors that restore both protein glycosylation and growth of yeast harboring the sec53-V238M allele. Finally, we characterize the enzymatic activity of purified Pgm1 mutant proteins. We find that reduction, but not elimination, of Pgm1 activity best compensates for the deleterious phenotypes associated with the sec53-V238M allele. Broadly, our results demonstrate the power of experimental evolution as a tool for identifying genes and pathways that compensate for human-disease-associated alleles.
Variation in ubiquitin system genes creates substrate-specific effects on proteasomal protein degradation
Authors: Collins Mahlon A , Mekonnen Gemechu , Albert Frank Wolfgang
Published: October 2022

Precise control of protein degradation is critical for life, yet how natural genetic variation affects this essential process is largely unknown. Here, we developed a statistically powerful mapping approach to characterize how genetic variation affects protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we systematically mapped genetic influences on the N-end rule, a UPS pathway in which protein N-terminal amino acids function as degradation-promoting signals. Across all 20 possible N-terminal amino acids, we identified 149 genomic loci that influence UPS activity, many of which had pathway- or substrate-specific effects. Fine-mapping of four loci identified multiple causal variants in each of four ubiquitin system genes whose products process (NTA1), recognize (UBR1 and DOA10), and ubiquitinate (UBC6) cellular proteins. A cis-acting promoter variant that modulates UPS activity by altering UBR1 expression alters the abundance of 36 proteins without affecting levels of the corresponding mRNA transcripts. Our results reveal a complex genetic basis of variation in UPS activity.
Differences in the immune response elicited by two immunization schedules with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a randomized phase 3 clinical trial
Authors: Gálvez Nicolás MS , Pacheco Gaspar A , Schultz Bárbara M , Melo-González Felipe , Soto Jorge A , Duarte Luisa F , González Liliana A , Rivera-Pérez Daniela , Ríos Mariana , Berrios Roslye V , Vázquez Yaneisi , Moreno-Tapia Daniela , Vallejos Omar P , Andrade Catalina A , Hoppe-Elsholz Guillermo , Iturriaga Carolina , Urzua Marcela , Navarrete María S , Rojas Álvaro , Fasce Rodrigo , Fernández Jorge , Mora Judith , Ramírez Eugenio , Gaete-Argel Aracelly , Acevedo Mónica L , Valiente-Echeverría Fernando , Soto-Rifo Ricardo , Weiskopf Daniela , Grifoni Alba , Sette Alessandro , Zeng Gang , Meng Weining ,   CoronaVacCL03 Study Group, González-Aramundiz José V , Johnson Marina , Goldblatt David , González Pablo A , Abarca Katia , Bueno Susan M , Kalergis Alexis M
Published: October 2022

Background:

The development of vaccines to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic progression is a worldwide priority. CoronaVac is an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine approved for emergency use with robust efficacy and immunogenicity data reported in trials in China, Brazil, Indonesia, Turkey, and Chile.

Methods:

This study is a randomized, multicenter, and controlled phase 3 trial in healthy Chilean adults aged ≥18 years. Volunteers received two doses of CoronaVac separated by 2 (0–14 schedule) or 4 weeks (0–28 schedule); 2302 volunteers were enrolled, 440 were part of the immunogenicity arm, and blood samples were obtained at different times. Samples from a single center are reported. Humoral immune responses were evaluated by measuring the neutralizing capacities of circulating antibodies. Cellular immune responses were assessed by ELISPOT and flow cytometry. Correlation matrixes were performed to evaluate correlations in the data measured.

Results:

Both schedules exhibited robust neutralizing capacities with the response induced by the 0–28 schedule being better. No differences were found in the concentration of antibodies against the virus and different variants of concern (VOCs) between schedules. Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with Mega pools of Peptides (MPs) induced the secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ and the expression of activation induced markers in CD4+ T cells for both schedules. Correlation matrixes showed strong correlations between neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ secretion.

Conclusions:

Immunization with CoronaVac in Chilean adults promotes robust cellular and humoral immune responses. The 0–28 schedule induced a stronger humoral immune response than the 0–14 schedule.

Funding:

Ministry of Health, Government of Chile, Confederation of Production and Commerce & Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Chile.

Clinical trial number:

NCT04651790
Heterogeneous network propagation with forward similarity integration to enhance drug–target association prediction
Authors: Tangmanussukum Piyanut , Kawichai Thitipong , Suratanee Apichat , Plaimas Kitiporn
Published: October 2022

Identification of drug–target interaction (DTI) is a crucial step to reduce time and cost in the drug discovery and development process. Since various biological data are publicly available, DTIs have been identified computationally. To predict DTIs, most existing methods focus on a single similarity measure of drugs and target proteins, whereas some recent methods integrate a particular set of drug and target similarity measures by a single integration function. Therefore, many DTIs are still missing. In this study, we propose heterogeneous network propagation with the forward similarity integration (FSI) algorithm, which systematically selects the optimal integration of multiple similarity measures of drugs and target proteins. Seven drug–drug and nine target–target similarity measures are applied with four distinct integration methods to finally create an optimal heterogeneous network model. Consequently, the optimal model uses the target similarity based on protein sequences and the fused drug similarity, which combines the similarity measures based on chemical structures, the Jaccard scores of drug–disease associations, and the cosine scores of drug–drug interactions. With an accuracy of 99.8%, this model significantly outperforms others that utilize different similarity measures of drugs and target proteins. In addition, the validation of the DTI predictions of this model demonstrates the ability of our method to discover missing potential DTIs.
Estimation methods for the ratio of medians of three-parameter lognormal distributions containing zero values and their application to wind speed data from northern Thailand
Authors: Maneerat Patcharee , Nakjai Pisit , Niwitpong Sa-Aat
Published: October 2022

Wind speed has an important impact on the formation and dispersion of fine particulate matter (PM), which can cause several health problems. During the transition from the winter to the summer season in northern Thailand, the wind speed has been low for longer than usual, which has resulted in fine PM accumulating in the air. Motivated by this, we have identified a need to investigate wind speed due to its effect on PM formation and dispersion and to raise awareness among the general public. The hourly windspeed can be approximated by using confidence intervals for the ratio of the medians of three-parameter lognormal distributions containing zero values. Thus, we constructed them by using fiducial, normal approximation, and Bayesian methods. By way of comparison, the performance measures for all ofthe proposed methods (the coverage percentage, lower and upper error probabilities (LEP and UEP,respectively), and expected length) were assessed via Monte Carlo simulation. The results of Monte Carlo simulation studies show that the Bayesian method provided coverage percentages close to the nominal confidence level and shorter intervals than the other methods. Importantly, it maintained a good balance between LEP and UEP even for large variation and percentage of zero-valued observations. To illustrate the efficacy of our proposed methods, we applied them to hourly wind speed data from northern Thailand.
Association between hypomagnesemia and mortality among dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Chi-Ya , Yang Chi-Chen , Hung Kuo-Chuan , Jiang Ming-Yan , Huang Yun-Ting , Hwang Jyh-Chang , Hsieh Chih-Chieh , Chuang Min-Hsiang , Chen Jui-Yi
Published: October 2022

Background

Malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome is caused by the inflammatory cytokines in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, and MIA complex-related factors may be associated with hypomagnesemia and mortality. However, the association between serum magnesium level and mortality for dialysis patients is still not clear. Additionally, no meta-analysis has investigated the impact of serum magnesium on peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis, separately.

Methods

We searched published studies in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, and Cochrane Systematic Reviews through April 2022. Studies associated with serum magnesium and all-cause mortality or cardiovascular (CV) mortality in ESRD on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) patients were included. A hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to report the outcomes.

Results

Twenty-one studies involving 55,232 patients were included. Overall, there was a significant association between hypomagnesemia and all-cause mortality for dialysis patients (HR: 1.67, 95% CI [1.412–2.00], p < 0.001; certainty of evidence: moderate) using a mixed unadjusted and adjusted HR for analysis. There was also a significantly increased risk of CV mortality for individuals with hypomagnesemia compared with the non-hypomagnesemia group (HR 1.56, 95% CI [1.08–2.25], p < 0.001; certainty of evidence: moderate). In addition, a subgroup analysis demonstrated that hypomagnesemia was associated with a high risk of both all-cause mortality and CV mortality (all-cause mortality, HR:1.80, 95% CI [1.48–2.19]; CV mortality, HR:1.84, 95% CI [1.10–3.07]) in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but not in participants receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD; all-cause mortality, HR:1.26, 95% CI [0.84–1.91]; CV mortality, HR:0.66, 95% CI [0.22–2.00]). The systematic review protocol was prespecified and registered in PROSPERO [CRD42021256187].

Conclusions

Hypomagnesemia may be a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality and CV mortality in KRT patients, especially in those receiving hemodialysis. However, because of the limited certainty of evidence, more studies are required to investigate this association.
Incidence of UTI and Stent-related Symptoms in Patients with Peri-interventional Antibiotic Prophylaxis Only vs Low-dose Continuous Antibiotic Treatment among Double J Stented Patients: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Makannavar Pramod jagadeesh , Kalabavi Srinivas , Kanagali Revanasiddappa , Bentur Sangamnath
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Endourological surgeries like Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) and Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy (URSL) is the standard of care for upper urinary tract urolithiasis. Placement of Double J stent (DJ stent) is a routine practice, following these surgical interventions. Though endourological surgeries are less invasive, these are not without complications. Main postoperative complications following these procedures, which hamper daily activities are Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and Stent Related Symptoms (SRS). There is a lack of literature, about appropriate postoperative antibiotic strategy following uncomplicated endourological surgery for upper urinary tract stone disease in patients, who are on DJ stent. Aim: To evaluate the incidence of UTI and SRS in patients given, a peri-interventional antibiotic prophylaxis only versus a continuous low-dose antibiotic treatment for entire stent indwelling time. Materials and Methods: This was a randomised clinical study conducted in the Department of Urology, SDM Medical College and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India from january 2020- march 2021. A total of 70 patients following uncomplicated endourological surgery were randomised, to either receive periinterventional antibiotic prophylaxis only (group A=31) or low-dose antibiotic treatment for entire stent indwelling time (group B=39). Randomisation was done to allocate sample into two groups using computer randomisation program. All patients received cefotaxime injection 1 gm at the time of anaesthesia induction as peri intervention prophylaxis. Patients in group B, in addition received nitrofurantoine 100 mg tablet at bedtime for entire stent indwelling time. Patients were evaluated for incidence of UTI and SRSs. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square and Yates corrected Chi-square for analysis of association between attributes. Independent t-test was used for comparison of two groups with numerical variables. Results: The incidence of UTI was not significantly different between the two groups {group A- 4 (12.9%) and group B- 6 (15.38%)}. UTI was more common following URSL compared to PCNL {group A 24 (77.42%) and group B 29 (74.36%)}, and more common in those with diabetes mellitus. Similarly the incidence and severity of SRSs was very similar in both the groups {group A 28 (90.32%) and group B 37 (94.87%)}. Conclusion: According to the present study findings, continuous low-dose antibiotic treatment during entire stent indwelling time does not reduce the incidence of UTI and has no effect on SRSs.
Comparison Between Epidural Bupivacaine with and without Magnesium Sulphate in Patients Undergoing Elective Total Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Double-blinded Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Guru Aishwarya , Narayanan S Vijay , Anusha B
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The effectiveness of a local anaestheticis increased by the addition of an adjuvant. Magnesium sulphate along with bupivacaine is effective in reducing the pain and extending the analgesia period. Aim: To compare the duration of analgesia among subjects receiving plain bupivacaine and bupivacaine with magnesium sulphate among patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Materials and Methods: This double-blinded randomised clinical trial was conducted in Department of Anaesthesiology at Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Ammapettai, Tamil Nadu, India, (tertiary care center) between November 2019 and October 2021. The study was done among 50 subjects undergoing elective total abdominal hysterectomy. The subjects were divided into two groups, one group received only bupivacaine while the other group received bupivacaine with 500 mg magnesium sulphate. Onset and duration of blocks were observed. Haemodynamic parameters were monitored intraoperatively and postoperatively. Data was analysed using Chi-square test, Fischer’s exact test. Results: Demographic variables like age (p-value=0.17), height (p-value=0.62), weight (p-value=0.14) and BMI (p-value=0.24) were comparable between the two groups. The mean duration of analgesia was significantly more among the bupivacaine and magnesium sulphate group (416.72±93.6) in comparison to the bupivacaine alone group (204.56±71.25). The bupivacaine and magnesium sulphate group required two doses of rescue analgesia in 24 hours, while the other group required four doses of analgesia. Significantly more side-effects were noted among the bupivacaine alone group (12 vs 6) (p-value=0.04). Conclusion: The study showed that bupivacaine and magnesium sulphate group showed less intraoperative side effects, reduced postoperative VAS score increased duration of analgesia, decreased requirement of analgesia required in 24 hours and reduced postoperative side-effects.
Polycystic Kidney with Gross and Histological Aspects: A Case Report
Authors: Chaturvedi Amarjyoti , Malhotra Rashmi , Bisht Kanchan , Bhardwaj Yashu , Singh Brijendra
Published: October 2022

Renal cysts are fluid-filled cavities on the surface of kidneys which may be solitary or multiple. They may present as incidental finding during routine radiological investigations for chronic renal failure, end-stage renal disease or due to associated abdominal symptoms. During routine cadaveric dissection at the Institute, multiple cysts were observed on the surface of left kidney in a 67-year-old male cadaver. The cysts were carefully observed for gross appearance and histological examination of the cysts and biochemical analysis of cystic fluid was done. The right kidney was normal in gross appearance but was associated with double renal arteries. The left kidney, which appeared smaller, showed polycystic appearance with total 14 cysts on the surface of left kidney and distorted histology. Knowledge of renal cysts and variations in renal vascular anatomy should be kept in mind for planning effective treatment.
DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: ANÁLISE DA PRESENÇA DE ESTRATÉGIAS DIFERENCIADAS EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE CIÊNCIAS DAS SÉRIES FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Séllos Rodrigues Amanda , Diniz Monteiro de Barros Marcelo
Published: October 2022

Com o avanço dos estudos voltados para o processo de aprendizagem, o livro didático passou a não ser mais o único recurso a ser utilizado, sendo consideradas as estratégias diferenciadas como um eficiente instrumento educacional. Este estudo buscou analisar a presença de diferentes estratégias pedagógicas nos livros didáticos de Ciências das séries finais do Ensino Fundamental. A pesquisa apresentou uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. A partir dos resultados obtidos observou que as três coleções de livros do aluno e duas coleções dos livros de professores apresentaram estratégias práticas como as principais sugestões de atividades diferenciadas. Já a terceira coleção do professor apresentou, majoritariamente, atividades audiovisuais. As estratégias auditivas foram as menos abordadas em todas as coleções. Apesar das três coleções analisadas terem sido aprovadas pelo PNLD 2020, foi possível perceber a grande divergência entre as coleções quanto à disponibilização e incentivo de diferentes estratégias didáticas.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ИТИНЕРАРИИ КАРЛА IX ВАЛУА И ЕКАТЕРИНЫ МЕДИЧИ В 1561–1574 гг., "Средние века"
Authors: Шишкин В.В.
Published: October 2022

Статья исследует итинерарии французского короля Карла IX Валуа и его матери Екатерины Медичи и связанные с ними военно-политические события и обстоятельства в 1561–1574 гг. Речь идет главным образом о первом этапе Религиозных войн во Франции, когда между католиками и гугенотами шла борьба за персону короля. На основе сравнительного изучения автографов Карла IX из российских архивных и библиотечных собраний автор демонстрирует, что сложившаяся точка зрения о полном совпадении итинерариев короля и королевы-матери, нуждается в уточнениях. Начиная с 1563 г., времени совершеннолетия, Карл IX начал проявлять личную и политическую самостоятельность в принятии решений, о чем в том числе свидетельствуют его самостоятельные поездки, зачастую отличные от маршрутов перемещений Екатерины и ее двора. Отмечается, что тематика и адресаты переписки короля перестали совпадать с таковыми в переписке матери, а политические намерения зачастую шли вразрез с мнением Екатерины Медичи и ее окружения, особенно после 1566 г. – времени завершения «Большого путешествия» двора по Франции. Вместе с тем анализ девяти больших итинерариев короля показывает, что семь из них были организованы и спланированы его матерью, и это, несомненно, подчеркивает ключевую роль, которую играла Екатерина Медичи в рассматриваемое время, оставаясь главным актором французской политики.
«ПОТЕРЯННАЯ» РУКОПИСЬ О ПУТЕШЕСТВИИ ТРЕХ ВЕНЕЦИАНЦЕВ ИЗ АЛЕППО В ИЕРУСАЛИМ, "Средние века"
Authors: Близнюк С.В.
Published: October 2022

В Российской Национальной библиотеке в Санкт-Петербурге хранится уникальная итальянская рукопись «ИТАЛ. Q. IV. N. 21». Это копия дневника путешествия трех венецианцев – Пьетро Кверини, Бернардино Корнаретто и Бернардино Коле, совершивших в конце XVI в. паломничество от Алеппо через Дамаск до Иерусалима и обратно. Рукопись происходит из книжного собрания Паоло ди Бруски. Затем она находилась в коллекции Бальдассаре Бонкомпаньи. В XIX в. она была описана в каталоге Э. Нардуччи и известна Р. Рёрихту. В конце XIX в. коллекция Бонкомпаньи была распродана, рукопись попала в Россию и надолго оказалась забытой и потерянной исследователями. В современном каталоге библиотеки Бонкомпаньи, составленном в 2013 г. Р. Томсоном и М. Фолькертсом, рукопись описана по каталогам XIX в. Э. Нардуччи и Р. Рёрихта со знаком вопроса о месте ее современного хранения. В данной работе прослеживается история данной рукописи, выявляются ее источниковедческие особенности, дается краткая характеристика ее основного содержания. Задача данной работы снова ввести в научный оборот данную рукопись, показать, что она не пропала и требует к себе пристального внимания и изучения. Венецианский дневник путешествия является важнейшим источником по истории европейских паломничеств Средних веков и Раннего Нового времени.
47 ГЕРБОВ И ЧЕТЫРЕ ЕВАНГЕЛИСТА: РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИОННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПОДГОТОВКИ К РОЖДЕНИЮ НАСЛЕДНИКА ПРИ ДВОРЕ ВО ФРАНЦИИ XV в., "Средние века"
Authors: Крылова Ю.П.
Published: October 2022

В статье рассматриваются два текста, созданные придворными дамами – Элеонорой де Пуатье и Маргаритой Бургундской – во Франции XV в. Они содержат описание подготовки к рождению детей у высокородных дам при дворе. Посвященные, казалось бы, такой деликатной теме, тексты не представляют никаких суждений медицинского, физиологического или психологического порядка. Авторов интересует сугубо внешняя, церемониальная сторона подготовки к этому событию как репрезентация статуса и места роженицы и ее семьи в придворной иерархии. В статье анализируются сведения текстов об убранстве комнаты, где должен был появиться на свет знатный младенец. Дамы перечисляют обивки, драпировки, портьеры, белье, подушки, расстояние между кроватями, размеры буфетов и т.п. От их внимания не ускользает ни одна деталь. Однако оказывается, что в их подробнейших описаниях не находится места принятым обычно в таких случаях религиозным предметам и изображениям, в то время как все ткани и ковры испещрены гербами родителей будущего принца. Предметы обстановки комнаты роженицы свидетельствовали о ранге хозяйки или же о ее безапелляционной претензии на более высокий статус и должны были соответствовать статусу появляющегося на свет ребенка. С момента рождения он встраивался в существующую иерархию, и ему сразу должна была быть оказана честь, соответствовавшая его положению.
Rubin M. Cities of Strangers. Making Lives in Medieval Europe. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge university press, 2020. (Series: The Wiles lectures) 189 p. Рубин М. Города чужаков. Устраивая жизнь в средневековой Европе. Кембридж; Нью-Йорк: Кембридж Юниверс
Authors: Анисимова А.А.
Published: October 2022

Статья представляет собой анализ книги известной английской исследовательницы-медиевиста Мири Рубин, посвященной восприятию чужаков в городах средневековой Европы. Автор пытается одновременно показать многообразие городов и регионов касательно отношения к чужакам, но в то же время наметить общие характерные тенденции в эволюции данной политики. Для более тщательного анализа выделяются две категории чужаков – евреи и женщины.
Симонетта М. Загадка Монтефельтро. Династия Медичи. Ренессанс в Италии / Пер. с итал. В. Николаева. М.: Слово, 2021. 288 с. Симонетта М. Лисы и львы. Тайны династии Медичи. Ренессанс в Италии / Пер. с итал. Т. Кудрявцевой. М.: Слово, 2022. 327 с., "Средни
Authors: Юсим М.А.
Published: October 2022

Рецензия приурочена к выходу на русском языке двух первых книг трилогии итальянского историка Марчелло Симонетты по истории флорентийской династии Медичи. От других научно-популярных книг по этой тематике его работы отличает исследовательский подход, основанный на публикации архивных материалов, главным образом, переписки пап, правителей и менее высокопоставленных персонажей. Монография «Загадка Монтефельтро» посвящена истории заговора Пацци в апреле 1478 г. и уточняет роль, которую сыграл в нем знаменитый кондотьер и меценат Федерико да Монтефельтро, герцог Урбинский. Во второй книге, «Лисы и львы», рассматривается этап восхождения к власти семьи Медичи после их возвращения во Флоренцию и избрания кардинала Джованни на папский престол под именем Льва Х. В рецензии охарактеризован вклад монографий в изучение предмета, имеется ряд замечаний по их содержанию, а также по стилю, терминологии и качеству переводов на русский язык.
Socio-economic Profile of Fruits and Vegetable Growers: An After the Fact Research
Authors: Gayathri G. N. , Sahana S.
Published: October 2022

India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in world. The fruits and vegetables production will give a positive hope to small and marginal farmers to increase their income compared to food grains. The productions of horticulture crops can improve the socio-economic status of farmers in short span due to their high value. The present study was conducted in Davangere district of Karnataka to know the socio-economic characteristics of the fruit and vegetable growers.  The study has used Expost facto research design. The study was conducted by taking total sample of 120 viz., 40 farmers each from public, co-operative and private market interventions. The data was collected with help of pre tested interview schedule through personal interview. The majority of farmers had medium level of education in public (75.00%), co-operative (72.50%) and private (72.50%) market interventions. More than half the respondents had medium  level of decision making ability in public (72.50%) and private (77.50%) market interventions but half of the had medium level (50.00%) of decision making ability in case of co-operative market intervention. The majority of the respondents belonged to medium level (87.50%) of market orientation in private market intervention. More than half of the farmers had medium level (77.50%) of information seeking behavior in case of public market intervention. The variables like education and information seeking behavior were found to be significantly associated with respect to knowledge level of public market intervention farmers. Cosmopoliteness was found to be significantly associated with respect to knowledge level of both co-operative and private market intervention farmers.