bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El pensamiento animal y su expresión lingüística
Authors: Danón Laura
Published: September 2020

Nuestros intentos por hallar palabras que capturen de modo preciso los contenidos de los pensamientos de los animales suelen tropezar con dificultades persistentes. En este trabajo evaluaré dos explicaciones de este fenómeno discutidas por Beck (2013): la explicación basada en el carácter poco familiar de los contenidos animales –que él rechaza– y la basada en diferencias de formato –que resulta su favorita–. En primer lugar, objetaré las razones por las cuales Beck descarta la explicación basada en el carácter poco familiar de los contenidos. En segundo lugar argumentaré que, aunque algunas dificultades para expresar lingüísticamente los pensamientos animales pueden surgir por diferencias de formato, hay otras que no parecen deberse a este factor. Luego sugeriré que, a fin de comprender adecuadamente el problema que nos ocupa, deberíamos elaborar una explicación dual que apele, en algunos casos, a las diferencias de contenido y, en otros, a las diferencias de formato.
Topical Saudi Arabia Talh honey (Acacia nilotica) on surgical wound healing activity
Authors: Hegazi Ahmed G. , Al Guthami Faiz M. , Basiouny Mohamed H. , Al Gethami Ahmed F.M.
Published: September 2020

Honey has been documented as the oldest traditional medicine. It has been effective in suppressing inflammation, wound repair enhancer, and rapid autolytic debridement. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the role of Saudi Arabia Talh honey (Acacia nilotica) dressing as a good alternative in care of diabetic foot (DFU) healing activity for twenty patients, wound total bacterial count, and serum cytokines levels (IFN-γ, IL-1, and IL-6). The results showed that Talh honey stimulates the wound healing process, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and reduction in the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1, and IL-6 levels. It could be concluded that Talh honey bioactivities enhance wound healing by promoting tissue growth leading to wound repair, antibacterial, and reduction of inflammation.
Sarcoma de Kaposi na Odontologia: Um levantamento epidemiológico no Brasil.
Authors: Martines Carlos Juan , Lira Juan Pablo , Perez Joana
Published: September 2020

HIV-AIDS é um problema de saúde pública no mundo. Em 2014, foram notificados 9.888 novos casos no Brasil e estima-se que metade dos pacientes desconhecem ser portadores da doença. O sarcoma de Kaposi associado à AIDS (KS-AIDS) é um marcador de progressão da doença e imunossupressão. Embora a incidência de SK-AIDS na cavidade oral tenha diminuído notavelmente desde o acesso universal ao tratamento retroviral altamente ativo, há estudos em São paulo que estabelecem uma incidência dessa neoplasia em 5%. A síndrome de reconstituição imunológica associada ao KS-AIDS e ao linfedema facial é uma complicação com risco de vida. A falta de treinamento no diagnóstico oral do SK-AIDS e sua incidência relativamente baixa podem fazer com que essa neoplasia passe despercebida pelo clínico no exame de rotina, sendo este um sinal clínico característico de imunossupressão. Este artigo analisa o SK oral associado à AIDS.
Urological and surgical complications of renal transplant recipients as a single-center experience
Authors: Mezban Safa , Athafa Adnan , Abood Ismiel
Published: September 2020

Background: Kidney transplantation is considered the most effective therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Postoperative complications continue to occur in nearly 12–20% of patients. These complications can be sub-divided into three categories: vascular, urologic, and nephrogenic. Objective: To determine the surgical and urological complications of renal transplant in Basra Training Center. Patients and Methods: A prospective descriptive study was done on 71 patients who underwent renal transplant surgery between October 2015 and August 2018. After taking their informed consent, preoperative antibiotics were given, and the procedure was done under general anesthesia. In all the transplantations, the renal vein of the donor was anastomosed to the external iliac vein of the recipient with an end-to-side. While the renal artery anastomosed to the internal iliac artery of the recipient with an endto-end for the first 50 cases, in the other 21 cases, renal artery anastomosed to the external iliac artery of the recipient with an end-to-side anastomosis. Ureters were anastomosed by the Lich–Gregoire procedure. Results: Overall, urological and surgical complications were encountered in 12 of the renal transplants recipients from the total number (71, 17%). This study included a total of 71 patients (59 male and 12 female, 83% and 17%, respectively). The complications that occurred during the follow-ups of the patients were as follows: one patient developed urinary leak (1.4%), five patients developed lymphocele (7%), four patients complained of acute pyelo nephritis (6%), one patients (1.4%) complained of wound infection, and one complained of renal stone (1.4%). Conclusions: In conclusion, urological complications such as lymphocele (7%) and acute graft pyelonephritis (AGPN) (6%) remain the most common type of surgical complications following kidney transplantation (in this study). Our urological and surgical complication rate was relatively low compared to others noted in the literature. Keywords: Kidney transplantation, ESRD, urinary leak, lymphocele
Knowledge of Women from Basrah about Breast Cancer: Its Risk and Preventive Factors
Authors: Habeeb Aliyah , Al-Attar Haider , Maqtoof Ali , Habib Omran
Published: September 2020

Background: Breast cancer is very common in Basrah, Iraq and at global level. To assist in the control measures of breast cancer, good knowledge of women about certain aspects of the disease is essential and needs enhancement. Objective: To explore the extent to which women have knowledge of breast self-examination (BSE), mammography, risk factors, and preventive measures for breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 300 women in Basrah was conducted. The data collection form was used to interview participants from attendants of breast cancer early detection clinic, primary health care centers, and a private clinic. The data covered demographic characteristics of the women, their knowledge of BSE, mammography, risk factors, and preventive factors. The data were fed into the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-Version 26). The results were expressed as frequency and cross tabulation. The Chi-squared test (or Fisher Exact Test) was used to examine the association between the groups, and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Of the 300 participating women, 61.7% were married, 41.7% had secondary and higher level of education, and 75.6% were of the age of 30 and above. Family history as a risk factor for breast cancer was reported by 16.7% of the participants. About 90.3% of the participants had knowledge of BSE; however, only 42% knew about mammography. Only 38.3% and 11.3% of the participants had performed self-examination and mammography screening, respectively. In general, this study’s results revealed a moderate level of knowledge and practice. Conclusion: A tangible gap in knowledge is evident and demands effective an health-education program to support breast cancer control efforts. Keywords: Breast cancer, Breast self-examination, Risk factor KAP study
Assessment of neonatal mortality major factors
Authors: Lafta Rasmiya , Habeeb Husam
Published: September 2020

Background: Neonatal mortality accounts for nearly half of the deaths of children under the
age of five, the main leading causes for which are respiratory distress, infection, and congenital
anomalies. Action plans, which call for the elimination of preventable deaths of newborn babies,
set specific targets to reduce neonatal mortality. This retrospective descriptive study was
conducted in the Basra Teaching Hospital for maternity and childhood from January 2019 to
February 2020, including all the neonates who were admitted in the first and second neonatal
care units of the hospital.
Aim: This study aims to study the main causes of neonatal deaths in newborn babies in the
neonatal care units at the main maternity and pediatric hospital of the Basra government.
Patients and methods: A total of 716 neonatal deaths were registered along with days of life
before death and the cause of death; the cases were classified as early (1–6) days death and late
(7–28) days death.
Results: In this study, we found that the main causes of early neonatal death were respiratory
distress syndrome (68.4%), congenital anomalies (11.4%), infection (10.9%), birth asphyxia
(7.2%), and other neonatal conditions (inborn error of metabolism, hemorrhagic disease of
newborn, severe anemia, and unspecified causes) (2.1%), while for late neonatal death,
respiratory distress (27.2%), congenital problems (17.7%), infection (45.6%), birth asphyxia
(6.1%), and other conditions (3.4%) were cited.
Conclusions: It is important to direct the health resources towards preventable causes of
neonatal deaths both before, during and after the delivery of a baby when the higher risk factors
are preventable (prematurity, birth problems, and sepsis). Using all available resources to
decrease preterm labors and mother education toward pregnancy and to improve the facilities
and quality of neonatal care at the delivery room and neonatal care units.
Keywords: neonate, prematurity, congenital problems, birth asphyxia
Fundamentals Of Lingvodidactics In Teaching Foreign Languages ( On The Example Of English Pedagogical Terms)
Authors: Akbaraliyevna Kurbanova Munisa
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the research is to improve the lingo didactic basis of teaching pedagogical terms inEnglish and to illustrate ways to solve problems that arise in practice. use of interactive methods,analysis of the peculiarities of teaching pedagogical terms, study of the history of the origin ofpedagogical terms and quantitative indicators in the assimilation layer, identification of the typologyof problems in the practical application of pedagogical terms, the development of a system ofutilization.
Deliberation decreases the likelihood of expressing dominant responses
Authors: Martiny-Huenger Torsten , Bieleke Maik , Doerflinger Johannes , Stephensen Matthew B. , Gollwitzer Peter M.
Published: September 2020

Deliberation is commonly assumed to be a central characteristic of humans’ higher cognitive functions, and the responses following deliberation are attributed to mechanisms that are qualitatively different from lower-level associative or affectively driven responses. In contrast to this perspective, the current article’s aim is to draw attention to potential issues with making inferences about mechanisms of deliberation based on characteristics of the observed decision outcomes. We propose that a consequence of deliberation is to simply reduce the likelihood of expressing immediately available (dominant) responses. We illustrate how this consequence of deliberation can provide a parsimonious explanation for a broad range of prior research on decision-making. Furthermore, we discuss how the present perspective on deliberation relates to the question of how the cognitive system implements nondominant responses based on associative learning and affective prioritization rather than voluntary decisions. Beyond the present article’s theoretical focus, for illustrative purposes, we provide some empirical evidence (three studies,N= 175) that is in line with our proposal. In sum, our theoretical framework, prior empirical evidence, and the present studies suggest that deliberation reduces the likelihood of expressing dominant responses. Although we do not argue that this is the only consequence or mechanism regarding deliberation, we aim to highlight that it is worthwhile considering this minimal consequence of deliberation as compared with certain higher cognitive functions in the interpretation of deliberation outcomes.
ÖZEL HASTANELERE YAPILAN ÇEVRİMİÇİ ŞİKÂYETLERİN İÇERİK ANALİZİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YAMAN Zührem , KAVUNCU Büşra
Published: September 2020

Günümüzde, sağlık sektöründe hizmet yarışının öne çıktığı bir dönemdeyiz. Sağlık hizmetlerinde artan rekabet, geri ödeme sistemlerinde yaşanan sıkıntılar insanların satın alma gücünün ve kaliteli hizmet isteğinin artması, sağlık okuryazarlığının gelişmesi, hastaların pasif rolden katılımcı role geçmesi sonucu özellikle özel sağlık kuruluşlarında kalitenin önemi daha da artmıştır (Çoruh,1994:2). Hasta tatminin sağlanması, beklentilerinin karşılanması kaliteli hizmet sunumu özel hastanelerin tercih edilmesinde etkili rol oynamaktadır. Bundan dolayı hastaların veya yakınlarının yaptığı şikayetleri analiz etmek kuruluşun göremediği sorunları görmesini sağlayacak ve hasta memnuniyetini artıracaktır. Bu açıdan şikâyet analizi önemli bir araçtır. Araştırmanın amacı, özel hastanelere yapılan çevrimiçi şikâyetleri ve şikâyetlerin amaçlarının ve düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada sikayetvar.com sitesinde Konya ilinde faaliyet gösteren özel hastanelere yönelik yapılan şikayetler ele alınmıştır. Belirlenen süre arasında Konya’da bulunan 14 özel hastane dahil edilmiş ve bu hastanelere yapılan toplam 206 şikâyet değerlendirilmiştir. Toplamda 846 farklı şikâyet konusu saptanmıştır. Elde edilmiş olan veriler Reader vd., (2014)’ün geliştirdiği şikâyet taksonomisine göre kategorileştirilmiş ve içerik analizi türü olan metin çözümleme şekli ile analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Toplamda 206 şikâyetin %48’ini erkekler yaparken %51,45’ini kadınlar yapmıştır. Şikâyetlerin %53,88’i hasta tarafından %46,11’i hasta yakınları tarafından yapılırken, en çok şikâyet ise yönetim alanında %43,49 yapılmıştır. Bağlı alt kategorilerden kurumsal sorunlar %28,01 ile insaniyet ve önemseme başlığı %16,19 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Prevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus and Avian Influenza Virus (H7N3) in Poultry at Karachi
Authors: Channa Amjad Ali , Kalhoro Nazeer Hussain , Nizamani Zaheer Ahmed , Mangi Ayaz Hussain , Soomro Jamila
Published: September 2020

Background: Poultry is largest and rapidly growing sector of livestock in Pakistan. It is mainly influenced by viral pathogens such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Avian influenza virus (H7N3). These viruses cause severe disease in poultry and leads to heavy economic losses throughout the world. The outbreaks of these pathogens have been increased in last few decades. Therefore, the study about antigenic prevalence is needed to know about the emergence of these pathogenic viruses, and to get rid of severe ailments associated with reduced poultry production.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Avian influenza virus (H7N3) and co-infections in poultry flocks at Karachi.

Methodology: For detection of NDV and H7N3, a total of 200 tracheal swabs were collected and tested through Virus Isolation (V.I); the sample with positive virus isolation were tested through Agar gel precipitation (AGP) and then the RNA was isolated through TRI Reagent, which was further tested through Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results: The virus isolation showed that 58% of samples were positive for various viruses. Agar gel precipitation (AGP) revealed that the occurrence of NDV, H7N3 and ND+H7 were 50%, 8% and 38%, respectively. RT-PCR for F and HA gene of NDV and H7N3 confirmed the presence of NDV and H7N3 in the poultry.

Conclusion: It is concluded that NDV and H7N3 are circulating in the flocks causing co-infections, therefore it is important to know the field challenge of viruses and to prepare vaccine of circulating serotype of virus to mitigate the rate of infection.
Design and Simulation of Microstrip Patch Single Element, 1*2 Array Design and 1*4 Array Design for SART Applications
Authors: Radhakrishna K , Sreelakshmi Dr. K
Published: September 2020

The Search and Rescue Transponders are used to search for the lost ship and aircraft. The transponder antenna resonates at the frequency of 9 GHz. The design is considered using FR4 (Flame Retardant) substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and loss tangent 0.0019. A micro strip line fed rectangular patch antenna is designed in such a way that it resonates at 9 GHz. The return loss and gain for the designs are, Single Element Design: Return Loss is -24.291 dB, Gain Total is 5.9083 dB, 1*2 Array Design: Return Loss is -19.3635 dB, Gain Total is 8.5915 dB, 1*4 Array Design: Return Loss is -34.4773 dB, Gain Total is 9.4879 dB. Other antenna parameters such as VSWR, Radiation Efficiency, Gain 2D, Specific Absorption Rate are observed. The antenna structure is simple, flat and straightforward. The design can be embedded easily in Search and Rescue Transponder Transmitter because it is geometrically small. The simulation and analysis were done using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Effects of Different Disinfectants on Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) Embryo
Authors: Torino Floriefe Gonzaga
Published: September 2020

Occurrence of diseases caused by bacteria during larval culture is still one of the major constraints in aquaculture. Understanding the host-microbe interactions is certainly relevant to develop disease control systems for the aquaculture industry. Therefore, obtaining test animals free from microorganisms (germfree or axenic) is necessary, as the presence of naturally occurring microorganisms in the host may lead to false conclusions. The aim of this study is to obtain axenic blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) embryo using different disinfectants. The efficacy of chemicals in reducing the bacterial load associated with mussel eggs and embryos is tested, as well as the resistance of the eggs to these chemicals. For that purpose, fertilized eggs are exposed to different chemicals at different concentrations. The disinfectants tested include hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, and Sanocare HC. All disinfectants are found to be detrimental for the mussel embryo.
Hand Hygiene Guidelines for Front Line Health Care Workers
Authors: Rajendra Bhavanam Sai
Published: September 2020

Hand hygiene competence is one of the critical outcomes for health care workers who are working for covid patients.. Ensuring health care workers to reduce the risk of infections among nurses and health care workers. Adequate hand hygiene(HH) awareness for hospital staff like Nurses, ward technicians, health care workers should be implemented so as to reduce risks of facing infections. To assess the knowledge and awareness programmes to the front line warriors who are in direct contact with covid patients. A systematic review of studies published on January 1, 2009 based on, an online survey done in Canada where FIVE leading hospitals are actively involved and participated for Hand hygiene care. An online Data collection with simple and sample survey was conducted for Nurses, ward technicians, covid health care workers and Gram volunteers according to Guidelines given by World Health Organization’s SEVEN ( 7) hand washing steps. The Data collection was taken from 50 Nurses and 50 covid health care workers particularly working in rural areas of Parchur Mandal of Prakasam District in Andhra Pradesh state
Informe Anual Cenicafé 1995
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: September 2020

Resultados al años cafetero 1994-1995. Especial énfasis se le está dando a los proyectos que tienen como objetivo reducir los costos de producción del café. Aunque la tecnología para producir café en general es de bajo costo, el proceso de la cosecha constituye uno de los factores que incide más en la rentabilidad de la producción. Por esa razón en este periodo se iniciaron las primeras investigaciones sobre mecanización de la cosecha así como también de otras prácticas como la siembra y los estudios de tiempos y movimientos para conocer la eficiencia de las distintas prácticas de cultivo.
Informe Anual Cenicafé 2004
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: September 2020

Durante el año cafetero 2003-2004, en cumplimiento de su Misión, Cenicafé generó nuevos conocimientos y entregó tecnologías que están contribuyendo al bienestar de los caficultores colombianos gracias a la reducción de los costos de producción, el incremento de la productividad y la sostenibilidad, la producción de cafés de calidad, los sistemas de producción complementarios y el esfuerzo de transferencia de tecnología a través del Servicio de Extensión.
Informe Anual Cenicafé 2005
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: September 2020

En desarrollo del Plan Quinquenal y de acuerdo con el Plan Estratégico institucional, las investigaciones desarrolladas por CENICAFE generaron nuevos conocimientos para fortalecer la caficultura nacional en cuanto a su productividad, competitividad y sostenibilidad. Se condujeron 441 investigaciones de las cuales 328 continuarán, 81 terminaron, 23 se cancelaron y 9 se suspendieron. 57 investigaciones se llevaron a cabo en otros sitios como fincas de caficultores, universidades, etc. Estas 57 investigaciones se realizaron en 255 sitios diferentes.
Informe Anual Cenicafé 2006
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: September 2020

Las investigaciones de Cenicafé se derivan del Plan Quinquenal de Investigaciones y permiten generar nuevos conocimientos que brindan productividad, competitividad y sostenibilidad a la caficultura colombiana. Se condujeron durante el año 331 investigaciones con avances en las siguientes áreas estratégicas: Productividad Agronómica, Viabilidad Económica del Café, Calidad y Cafés Especiales, Sostenibilidad Ambiental, y Sistemas de Producción Complementarios.
Informe Anual Cenicafé 2011
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: September 2020

Las investigaciones que se adelantaron durante el 2011 se fundamentaron en el marco del Documento Estratégico de la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros y el Plan Operativo de Cenicafé, con miras a la sostenibilidad de la caficultura, a partir de la definición e implementación de las alternativas de adaptación para la caficultura en Colombia, que contribuyan a recuperar, estabilizar y aumentar la producción y la productividad de los cafetales, con sostenibilidad y calidad, teniendo en cuenta los principales factores determinantes que inciden en la producción y la productividad bajo una óptica regional.
Informe Anual Cenicafé 2012
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: September 2020

Las investigaciones que se adelantaron durante el 2012 se fundamentaron en el marco del Documento Estratégico de la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros y el Plan Operativo de Cenicafé, con miras a la sostenibilidad de la caficultura.
The Statistical Properties of Spiral Arms in Nearby Disk Galaxies
Authors: Yu Si-Yue , Ho Luis C.
Published: September 2020

We analyze 4378 nearby bright disk (S0 and spiral) galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to characterize their spiral structure and systematically investigate the relationships between spiral arm properties (strength, pitch angle, and number) and the global properties of the host galaxies. This is to date the largest sample of galaxies with comprehensive measurements of spiral properties based on Fourier decomposition. We find that spiral pitch angle decreases (arms become more tightly wound) toward galaxies of earlier Hubble type, higher stellar mass, redder color, and greater degree of central concentration. The dependence of pitch angle on stellar mass is mainly driven by color, and for a given concentration, spiral arms are more tightly wound in redder galaxies. Spiral pitch angles show a bimodal distribution, peaking at φ = 12° ± 3.°4 and 23° ± 4.°3. Spiral arms weaken in galaxies of earlier type, redder color, and higher concentration, but for a given concentration, spiral arms become more prominent in more massive and bluer galaxies. We confirm that spiral arm strength loosely correlates with pitch angle, although the scatter in this relation is considerable and depends systematically on mass and color; for a given pitch angle, more massive or bluer galaxies have stronger arms. Galaxies of earlier Hubble type, higher mass concentration, or redder color have fewer spiral arms. Lastly, galaxies with stronger bars have fewer but stronger arms. We discuss the possible origins of these various relationships, which provide useful empirical guidance to theories of spiral structure. Depending on the galaxy, both the density wave and swing amplification mechanisms operate.
The Persistence of Pancakes and the Revival of Self-gravity in Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Coughlin Eric R. , Nixon C. J. , Miles Patrick R.
Published: September 2020

The destruction of a star by the tides of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) powers a bright accretion flare, and the theoretical modeling of such tidal disruption events (TDEs) can provide a direct means of inferring SMBH properties from observations. Previously it has been shown that TDEs with β = r
t/r
p = 1, where r
t is the tidal disruption radius and r
p is the pericenter distance of the star, form an in-plane caustic, or “pancake,” where the tidally disrupted debris is compressed into a one-dimensional line within the orbital plane of the star. Here we show that this result applies generally to all TDEs for which the star is fully disrupted, i.e., that satisfy β ≳ 1. We show that the location of this caustic is always outside of the tidal disruption radius of the star and the compression of the gas near the caustic is at most mildly supersonic, which results in an adiabatic increase in the gas density above the tidal density of the black hole. As such, this in-plane pancake revitalizes the influence of self-gravity even for large β, in agreement with recent simulations. This finding suggests that for all TDEs in which the star is fully disrupted, self-gravity is revived post-pericenter, keeps the stream of debris narrowly confined in its transverse directions, and renders the debris prone to gravitational instability.
The Influence of Stellar Phosphorus on Our Understanding of Exoplanets and Astrobiology
Authors: Hinkel Natalie R. , Hartnett Hilairy E. , Young Patrick A.
Published: September 2020

When searching for exoplanets and ultimately considering their habitability, it is necessary to consider the planet’s composition, geophysical processes, and geochemical cycles in order to constrain the bioessential elements available to life. Determining the elemental ratios for exoplanetary ecosystems is not yet possible, but we generally assume that planets have compositions similar to those of their host stars. Therefore, using the Hypatia Catalog of high-resolution stellar abundances for nearby stars, we compare the C, N, Si, and P abundance ratios of main-sequence stars with those in average marine plankton, Earth’s crust, as well as bulk silicate Earth and Mars. We find that, in general, plankton, Earth, and Mars are N-poor and P-rich compared with nearby stars. However, the dearth of P abundance data, which exists for only ∼1% of all stars and 1% of exoplanet hosts, makes it difficult to deduce clear trends in the stellar data, let alone the role of P in the evolution of an exoplanet. Our Sun has relatively high P and Earth biology requires a small, but finite, amount of P. On rocky planets that form around host stars with substantially less P, the strong partitioning of P into the core could rule out the potential for surface P and, consequently, for life on that planet’s surface. Therefore, we urge the stellar abundance community to make P observations a priority in future studies and telescope designs.
New records of exotic crickets in Europe: Homoeogryllus species (Orthoptera: Gryllidea: Phalangopsidae)
Authors: Żurawlew Przemysław , Desutter-Grandcolas Laure , Szymański Paweł , Herman David Billy
Published: September 2020

This short note lists new records of exotic crickets belonging to the genusHomoeogryllus(Orthoptera: Gryllidea: Phalangopsidae) in Europe (Poland and Belgium) and discusses the most probable scenarios of their arrival from tropical regions. Photographs and stridulation spectrograms of these crickets are provided. The report concludes that handling terminals and warehouses with tropical plants are the most common sites in Europe where exotic species of different taxa are recorded. The speciesHomoeogryllus longicornis(Walker, 1869) is also reclassified to the genusMeloimorphaWalker, 1870.
A Practical Teaching Mode for Colleges Supported by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Yang Cuibi , Huan Shuliang , Yang Yong
Published: September 2020

In the era of big data, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied in higher education, providing technical supports to practical teaching in colleg-es and universities. This paper mainly creates an AI-based practical teaching mode for cultural industry management major of Chongqing Three Gorges University. Firstly, an intelligent management cloud platform was established for practical teaching, drawing the merits from Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) and Self-Paced Open Course (SPOC). Meanwhile, the AI technique was adopted to realize personalized learning and provide intelligent push services. In this way, the online MOOC+SPOC platform seamlessly integrates the teaching content into specific teaching scenarios, and the offline cloud platform manages the teaching process in an intelligent manner. Under the proposed teaching mode, the teaching content could match the job compe-tence standards and the actual abilities of college students. The research re-sults provide a new mode of practical teaching that covers all dimensions and promotes personalized and collaborative learning.
E-Assessment for Characters Independence
Authors: Asrial Asrial , Syahrial Syahrial , Maison Maison , Muhaimin Muhaimin , Kurniawan Dwi Agus
Published: September 2020

This study aims to apply E-assessment and evaluation of the character of student learning independence. E-Assessment and evaluation of student learning independence in this study to see the character of student learning independence in science subjects and how the teacher responds to the development of E-Assessment and evaluation of student learning independence with the MySQL system. This research method uses 3 stages, namely: (1) Development, (2) Implementation, and (3) Evaluation carried out on respondents totaling 529 students and 14 teachers in Jambi Province of Indonesia. The results of this study are the validator gives good results regarding the assessment of e-independence characters in the category given is very feasible and obtained valid statements of 24 statements with a reliability value of 0.870. Indicate that the character of student learning independence in learning is classified as good 65.8% (348 students of 529 students) and teacher responses are classified as good with 57% (8 teachers of 14 teachers). So it was concluded that the E-Assessment received a good response and needed to be developed on a large scale.
Systems Dynamics and Serious Video Games in an Appropriation Strategy of a Decision Support System for Small Livestock Farmers
Authors: Gómez Prada Urbano Eliécer , Orellana Hernández Martha Lucía , Salinas Ibañez Jesús María
Published: September 2020

This document presents a Decision Support System (DSS) aimed at small livestock farmers who have not made use of Information Technologies (IT) in their production systems. The DSS was built based on the finite difference equations of a simulation model in System Dynamics in whose definition the beneficiaries participated and also served as a base for the development of a serious video game. The DSS and the Serious video game is supported in a Web and Mobile Architecture. The simulation model and the serious video game are used as support tools in the training given to users to learn how to use the DSS. These three tools are the result of a doctoral research project, which used two methodologies during its execution: Design and Development Research and the Case Studies methodology. The tools were applied in an appropriation strategy with livestock farmers of the department of Santander in Colombia, where resistance to change and cultural attachment causes a low adoption of technology. The inclusion of gamification elements helps the user to understand the connection of these elements and their processes in a real farm, know the large volume of data managed by the DSS, enhance the process by making it more fun, improve the learning curve and provide useful data for tracking the use of the DSS. 16 months after the end of the training, the DSS has more than 13000 reported records about the activities of the farmers in their farms.
Blockchain Technology Consensus Algorithms and Applications: A Survey
Authors: Alsaqqa Samar , Almajali Sufyan
Published: September 2020

One of the new promising technologies for the future is blockchain. It has become one of the popular techniques for various transactions and applications in many different areas such as economy, business, and government. Blockchain technology started with cryptocurrency and bitcoin applications for a safe and transparent environment. Blockchain is a hybrid technology that incorporates various technologies and tools such as mathematics, peer-peer networking, cryptography algorithms, and consensus algorithms. This survey highlights the latest studies in blockchain and consensus algorithms. The study covers the most recent blockchain applications in various domains and sectors. Furthermore, the study gives an insight into the latest adoption of the blockchain in the real world.
Un nouvel emploi du cobalt identifié sur un vase en albâtre de la XVIIIe dynastie inscrit au nom d’Amenhotep III découvert à Ougarit (Syrie)
Authors: Matoïan Valérie , Bouquillon Anne
Published: September 2020

Des incrustations bleues soulignant les hiéroglyphes de deux fragments d’un vase en albâtre calcaire inscrit au nom du pharaon Amenhotep III (Louvre, inv. AO 27127) découvert à Ougarit ont été étudiées par des méthodes non-destructives. L’analyse révèle que du cobalt a été utilisé comme élément colorant, probablement sous la forme spinelle proche de celle identifiée pour les pigments des céramiques égyptiennes (« blue-painted pottery ») de la même époque.
Specification and Construction of the Perceptron Multicapa Model
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Paola Andrea , García-González José Rafael , Coronell Leidy Haidy Perez
Published: September 2020

The objective of this chapter is to analyze the problem surrounding the task of prognosis with neural networks and the factors that affect the construction of the model, and that often lead to inconsistent results, emphasizing the problems of selecting the training algorithm, the number of neurons in the hidden layer, and input variables. The methodology is to analyze the forecast of time series, due to the growing need for tools that facilitate decision-making, especially in series that, given their characteristics of noise and variability, infer nonlinear dynamics. Neural networks have emerged as an attractive approach to the representation of such behaviors due to their adaptability, generalization, and learning capabilities. Practical evidence shows that the Delta Delta and RProp training methods exhibit different behaviors than expected.
Power Implications Within Competitive Organizations
Authors: Nissen Mark E. , Gallup Shelley P. , Shigley Paul R. , Tanner Robert M.
Published: September 2020

The power of a competitive organization is often very clear: one organization is able to impose its will upon another, dominate a competitive arena, or otherwise succeed in a contested environment. However, the implications of power within such competitive organization are tenuous: the concept organization power remains ambiguous, resists quantification, and continues a longstanding lack of research attention, particularly in a dynamic context. Building upon recent work to develop a system for visualizing and measuring dynamic knowledge in the organization, the research described in this chapter addresses the power within organizations. It also identifies important linkages between organization knowledge and power, providing a novel focus on how power is wielded and perceived in the competitive organization. This elucidates how the effects of organization power on knowledge, action and performance can be measured empirically. The use and utility of this approach are illustrated through two measurement examples, both in overtly competitive contexts. The research makes a theoretic contribution by advancing a coherent approach to dynamic knowledge measurement and by extending the understanding of organization power. It makes a practical contribution also through the organization illustrations. As such, it is likely to stimulate considerable thinking, discussion, debate, and continued research.
Applied Mathematical Model for Business Transformation Projects
Authors: Trad Antoine
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, the authors present an applied holistic mathematical model for business transformation (AHMM)-specific implementation for supporting an intelligent strategic decision making system (iSDMS) that is based on the management and evaluation of critical success factors (CSF). The AHMM-based iSDMS is based on a unique mixed research method that is supported by a mainly the author's qualitative research module, where the main goal is to insure long-term strategic business competitive advantage. An adapted AHMM for iSDMSs uses a natural programming language (NLP) environment and CSFs to model iSDMS. The iSDMS is based on a central reasoning engine and a distributed enterprise architecture project's (EAP) paradigm. This chapter's experiment is based on a proof of concept (PoC), which presents a concrete transformation decision making case, where the central point is the transformation of an information system. Such an iSDMS is managed by an iSDMS transformation manager(s) (iSDMSTM); it uses a methodology and a framework that can support and estimate the risks of implementation of an iSDMS and then uses it to solve problems. The iSDMSTM is responsible for the implementation of the complex iSDMSs, where during its implementation phase, the chosen transformation framework supports the iSDMSTM in a just-in-time manner. The “I” or “i” prefix does not stand just for the vulgare urban and siloed business and technical environments but for a distributed and holistic approach to transform complex business and technical systems.
ICT Adoption Cordons in SMEs for Competitive Advantage
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: September 2020

Every SME needs to use ICT artifacts to cope with business development. The adoption and use of ICT involve different actors who make sense of ICT in relation to their work environment. This chapter focuses on the cordons or barriers in ICT adoption that deter them from having a competitive advantage. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the interactions between different actors in the SME network and analyze how they influence the SME ICT adoption process. The study contributes to the body of knowledge through a new construct that enriches the conceptual framework with the findings of the research.
Routing Protocol Design Issues and Challenges in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Choudhary Monika , Goyal Nitin
Published: September 2020

An underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is a group of spatially distributed sensors for monitoring the physical changes of underwater environment and organize the measured data at a base station. Out of many big challenges in this field, network protocol design is of great concern due to the idiosyncratic nature of underwater environment. As underwater sensor networks are very much distinct in nature from terrestrial network so as the challenges, some of the major issues of concern in underwater environment are long propagation delay, available bandwidth, error rate, restricted battery power, movement of sensor nodes, etc. Because of all these issues and challenges, the routing protocols for terrestrial network can't be implemented in UWSNs. Hence, there is demand for new and different routing protocols for UWSNs. In this chapter, an overall survey of various routing protocols along with pros and cons are explained with challenges for designing new routing protocols for vast and enormous UWSNs.
Congestion Control Protocols for UWSNs
Authors: Garg Tanvika , Bharti Manisha
Published: September 2020

UWSN is a grid of many purposes of self-operating nodes with various applications related to various disciplines such as hydrographic surveys, tactical surveillance, disaster prevention, and bathymetry. The process of transmission and reception of messages by propagating sound in an underwater environment is known as acoustic communication. Transmission of acoustic waves is the only method to communicate underwater, as radio waves get attenuated severely and there is severe scattering in optical transmission. Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) have important applications in the exploration of underwater. UWSNs have various applications like in exploration of the sea, collection of data, monitoring of pollution, surveillance of tactics, prevention of disaster, in applications of ministry and surveying of mines.
Firewall in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kumar Manni , Gupta Osho , Rani Shikha
Published: September 2020

In this technological arena, a firewall is a major tool for network security system to predetermine its basic rules so that it can control and monitor incoming and outgoing network traffic. The firewall generally restricts the faulty and unusual data entering the system. It can be categorized as host-based firewalls and network-based firewalls. There are various applications of firewall and how these firewalls can help the underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) in protecting the sensor nodes where a huge amount of sensitive data is communicated among different countries. Firewall mainly aims to secure the network from different attacking devices and the attackers in a very efficient way. Firewall creates a barrier in which only the authorized data can be passed through after continuously checking by the firewall policies. To protect a local system and network of system from threats which are generally network based firewall is the most effective way. The design of the firewall is required to be accurate as it acts as a filter at higher protocol layer and some levels of IP-packets.
Error Control and Reliable Data Delivery in UWSNs
Authors: Singh Sneha , Bharti Manisha
Published: September 2020

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) contains many components such as vehicles and sensors that are deployed for cooperative monitoring and data collection tasks in a particular acoustic environment various nodes and ground-based stations use these networks interactively. Presently, UWSNs face the problems and obstacles regarding limited bandwidth, high propagation delay, 3D topology, media access control, routing, resource utilization, and power constraints. The research community has developed different methodologies over the past few decades to address these issues and challenges; but, due to complex characteristics of the underwater environment, some of them are still open to research. The main drawback of the traditional approach is the lack of direct interaction between different ends, recorded information can never be accessed during any mission, and data recorded will be lost in the event of any failure.
Smart City in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Atham Saira Banu , Guleria Kalpna
Published: September 2020

The earth is covered 71% by water and the human utilizes the remaining 29% for their shelter and living. The idea of living under the water is possible only in fiction movies for our ancestors. But in this century, the idea of living in an underwater city has become a reality with the development of the existing technology. The exploration of the undersea is booming in the science community, which shows the path for underwater cities, underwater museum, and underwater hotels. This chapter contributes the information related to underwater smart cities in three folds: (1) discusses the major challenges in developing the underwater infrastructure, (2) introduces the internet of underwater things components involved in interconnecting the devices for underwater acoustic communication, (3) list the examples of the existing masterpiece architecture constructed underwater.
Towards a Multilingual Preschool Policy
Authors: Jacobs Marie
Published: September 2020

The effects of immersive strategies and the benefits of a multilingual language policy have been extensively explored in the literature; however, it is valuable to look at the actual application of a multilingual policy. Putting linguistic-educational research into practice by implementing a transformative pedagogical approach is characterized by a process of trial and error, which has remained understudied. This chapter aims to fill this gap by adopting a case study approach that focuses on the implementation of a multilingual/cultural policy at a preschool in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. More than half of the children attending the preschool come from a multilingual background. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, consisting of observations, participations, interviews, and focus group discussions with different stakeholders, this chapter analyzes the mechanisms behind the preschool's switch from negatively undergoing multilingualism to positively engaging with it.
Home Language
Authors: Simmons-McDonald Hazel C. M.
Published: September 2020

The chapter briefly discusses the terms used to refer to the language or languages first acquired by an individual as well as variations between language acquisition and learning in Caribbean settings. The chapter then goes on to explore prevailing attitudes to language and trends in education policy. A summary of relevant research on home language is presented with the ensuing discussion focusing particularly on the relationship between home language, second language acquisition, the development of proficiency and literacy, and, more generally, academic success. The final section presents some reasons why the inclusion of home language in education is beneficial, particularly in Caribbean contexts.
Understanding Head Start Children's Transitions to Kindergarten
Authors: Tarullo Louisa , Aikens Nikki , Malone Lizabeth , Kopack Klein Ashley , Acosta Jennifer
Published: September 2020

Participating in Head Start can prepare children and families for success in kindergarten and beyond. A growing body of research suggests that continuity in high-quality learning experiences is critical for maintaining children's success. Transition practices can provide such continuity and improve children's outcomes. Head Start is in a strong position to help build that continuity to support parents and children. This chapter provides in-depth analyses of Head Start children's transitions to kindergarten from multiple respondent perspectives, using data from two cohorts of the Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey. Although most Head Start centers/programs and receiving schools conduct activities to promote smooth transitions and supportive relationships, fewer are intentional about supporting an alignment of standards, curricula, and assessments across educational settings.
Analysing the State of Sector-Specific CSR Reporting
Authors: Khan Muzammal
Published: September 2020

This chapter aims to deepen understanding of trends in corporate social responsibility reporting (CSRR) practices in Pakistan since the introduction of voluntary reporting guidelines in 2009 by the Securities and Exchange Commission Pakistan (SECP) and their updating in 2013. Quantitative content analysis was applied to CSRR for the chemicals, oil and gas, banking, cement, and manufacturing industries in Pakistan. The results were benchmarked to the guidelines issued on social and environmental aspects by the SECP. It was found that the reports issued by the highly polluting industries such as oil and gas, cement, and chemical industries reported significantly higher levels of information than the other sectors. The results indicate the appropriateness of industry-specific reporting and suggest, in line with local guidelines, that further standardisation is required to level the playing field of CSRR in Pakistan.