bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irrelevant Robot Signals in a Categorization Task Induce Cognitive Conflict in Performance, Eye Trajectories, the N2 Component of the EEG Signal, and Frontal Theta Oscillations
Authors: Perez-Osorio Jairo , Abubshait Abdulaziz , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: October 2021

Understanding others' nonverbal behavior is essential for social interaction, as it allows, among others, to infer mental states. Although gaze communication, a well-established nonverbal social behavior, has shown its importance in inferring others' mental states, not much is known about the effects of irrelevant gaze signals on cognitive conflict markers during collaborative settings. In the present study, participants completed a categorization task where they categorized objects based on their color while observing images of a robot. On each trial, participants observed the robot iCub grasping an object from a table and offering it to them to simulate a handover. Once the robot “moved” the object forward, participants were asked to categorize the object according to its color. Before participants were allowed to respond, the robot made a lateral head/gaze shift. The gaze shifts were either congruent or incongruent with the object's color. We expected that incongruent head cues would induce more errors (Study 1), would be associated with more curvature in eye-tracking trajectories (Study 2), and induce larger amplitude in electrophysiological markers of cognitive conflict (Study 3). Results of the three studies show more oculomotor interference as measured in error rates (Study 1), larger curvatures eye-tracking trajectories (Study 2), and higher amplitudes of the N2 ERP component of the EEG signals as well as higher event-related spectral perturbation amplitudes (Study 3) for incongruent trials compared with congruent trials. Our findings reveal that behavioral, ocular, and electrophysiological markers can index the influence of irrelevant signals during goal-oriented tasks.
Developmental Changes in Gaze Behavior and the Effects of Auditory Emotion Word Priming in Emotional Face Categorization
Authors: Vesker Michael , Bahn Daniela , Kauschke Christina , Schwarzer Gudrun
Published: October 2021

Social interactions often require the simultaneous processing of emotions from facial expressions and speech. However, the development of the gaze behavior used for emotion recognition, and the effects of speech perception on the visual encoding of facial expressions is less understood. We therefore conducted a word-primed face categorization experiment, where participants from multiple age groups (six-year-olds, 12-year-olds, and adults) categorized target facial expressions as positive or negative after priming with valence-congruent or -incongruent auditory emotion words, or no words at all. We recorded our participants’ gaze behavior during this task using an eye-tracker, and analyzed the data with respect to the fixation time toward the eyes and mouth regions of faces, as well as the time until participants made the first fixation within those regions (time to first fixation, TTFF). We found that the six-year-olds showed significantly higher accuracy in categorizing congruently primed faces compared to the other conditions. The six-year-olds also showed faster response times, shorter total fixation durations, and faster TTFF measures in all primed trials, regardless of congruency, as compared to unprimed trials. We also found that while adults looked first, and longer, at the eyes as compared to the mouth regions of target faces, children did not exhibit this gaze behavior. Our results thus indicate that young children are more sensitive than adults or older children to auditory emotion word primes during the perception of emotional faces, and that the distribution of gaze across the regions of the face changes significantly from childhood to adulthood.
Serial Dependence of Emotion Within and Between Stimulus Sensory Modalities
Authors: Van der Burg Erik , Toet Alexander , Brouwer Anne-Marie , Van Erp Jan B. F.
Published: October 2021

How we perceive the world is not solely determined by what we sense at a given moment in time, but also by what we processed recently. Here we investigated whether such serial dependencies for emotional stimuli transfer from one modality to another. Participants were presented a random sequence of emotional sounds and images and instructed to rate the valence and arousal of each stimulus (Experiment 1). For both ratings, we conducted an intertrial analysis, based on whether the rating on the previous trial was low or high. We found a positive serial dependence for valence and arousal regardless of the stimulus modality on two consecutive trials. In Experiment 2, we examined whether passively perceiving a stimulus is sufficient to induce a serial dependence. In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to rate the stimuli only on active trials and not on passive trials. The participants were informed that the active and passive trials were presented in alternating order, so that they were able to prepare for the task. We conducted an intertrial analysis on active trials, based on whether the rating on the previous passive trial (determined in Experiment 1) was low or high. For both ratings, we again observed positive serial dependencies regardless of the stimulus modality. We conclude that the emotional experience triggered by one stimulus affects the emotional experience for a subsequent stimulus regardless of their sensory modalities, that this occurs in a bottom-up fashion, and that this can be explained by residual activation in the emotional network in the brain.
Taxonomic Identity of Gamochaeta americana and Gamochaeta coarctata (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae)
Authors: FREIRE SUSANA E. , GROSSI MARIANA A. , IHARLEGUI LAURA , ABARCA CAMILA L. , MONTI CLAUDIA , BAYÓN NÉSTOR D.
Published: October 2021

Gamochaeta (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) consists of about 60 species primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical America. Gamochaeta americana and G. coarctata are closely related species that have been mainly differentiated by its phyllary apices, plant height, width of basal leaves, and involucre height. In order to evaluate whether G. americana and G. coarctata can be differentiated on a morphological basis, we performed a morphometric analysis. A matrix of 24 morphological characters and 99 specimens was analyzed using two multivariate approaches: Cluster Analysis and Principal Coordinate Analysis. Both, the dendrogram and the Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), showed that the two species are not clearly distinguished. No discriminating morphological characters for the two species have been found. In conclusion, all available data support that G. coarctata should be considered a synonym of G. americana. Lectotype is designated for Gnaphalium purpureum var. macrophyllum, and G. americana is described and illustrated.
A new cynipid inquiline of the genus Lithosaphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from India, with an updated key to all known species
Authors: MELIKA GEORGE , RANJITH AVUNJIKKATTU PARAMBIL , LOBATO-VILA IRENE , PRIYADARSANAN DHARMA RAJAN , PUJADE-VILLAR JULI
Published: October 2021

A new species of cynipid inquiline, Lithosaphonecrus nagalandi Melika, Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), is described from the state of Nagaland (India) reared from undescribed bud galls on an undetermined species of Lithocarpus (Fagaceae), thus being the first Lithosaphonecrus known from India. Description, diagnosis, data on phenology and host associations, and illustrations of the new species are given. An identification key to all known Lithosaphonecrus is also provided. The biology of the genus Lithosaphonecrus and the distribution range of Saphonecrus and Lithosaphonecrus in Asia and Oceania are discussed.
A New Benchmark for Surface Radiation Products over the East Asia–Pacific Region Retrieved from the Himawari-8/AHI Next-Generation Geostationary Satellite
Authors: Letu Husi , Nakajima Takashi Y. , Wang Tianxing , Shang Huazhe , Ma Run , Yang Kun , Baran Anthony J. , Riedi Jerome , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Yoshida Mayumi , Shi Chong , Khatri Pradeep , Du Yihan , Chen Liangfu , Shi Jiancheng
Published: October 2021

Surface downward radiation (SDR), including shortwave downward radiation (SWDR) and longwave downward radiation (LWDR), is of great importance to energy and climate studies. Considering the lack of reliable SDR data with a high spatiotemporal resolution in the East Asia–Pacific (EAP) region, we derived SWDR and LWDR at 10-min and 0.05° resolutions for this region from 2016 to 2020 based on the next-generation geostationary satellite Himawari-8 (H-8). The SDR product is unique in terms of its all-sky features, high accuracy, and high-resolution levels. The cloud effect is fully considered in the SDR product, and the influence of high aerosol loadings and topography on the SWDR are considered. Compared to benchmark products of the radiation, such as Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) next-generation reanalysis (ERA5), and the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS), not only is the resolution of the new SDR product notably much higher, but the product accuracy is also higher than that of those products. In particular, hourly and daily root-mean-square errors of the new SWDR are 104.9 and 31.5 W m−2, respectively, which are much smaller than those of CERES (at 121.6 and 38.6 W m−2, respectively), ERA5 (at 176.6 and 39.5 W m−2, respectively), and GLASS (daily of 36.5 W m−2). Meanwhile, RMSEs of hourly and daily values of the new LWDR are 19.6 and 14.4 W m−2, respectively, which are comparable to that of CERES and ERA5, and even better over high-altitude regions.
Examination of the Combined Effect of Deep-Layer Vertical Shear Direction and Lower-Tropospheric Mean Flow on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Size Based on the ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Chen Buo-Fu , Davis Christopher A. , Kuo Ying-Hwa
Published: October 2021

Idealized numerical studies have suggested that in addition to vertical wind shear (VWS) magnitude, the VWS profile also affects tropical cyclone (TC) development. A way to further understand the VWS profile’s effect is to examine the interaction between a TC and various shear-relative low-level mean flow (LMF) orientations. This study mainly uses the ERA5 reanalysis to verify that, consistent with idealized simulations, boundary layer processes associated with different shear-relative LMF orientations affect real-world TC’s intensity and size. Based on analyses of 720 TCs from multiple basins during 2004–16, a TC affected by an LMF directed toward downshear-left in the Northern Hemisphere favors intensification, whereas an LMF directed toward upshear-right is favorable for expansion. Furthermore, physical processes associated with shear-relative LMF orientation may also partly explain the relationship between the VWS direction and TC development, as there is a correlation between the two variables. The analysis of reanalysis data provides other new insights. The relationship between shear-relative LMF and intensification is not significantly modified by other factors [inner-core sea surface temperature (SST), VWS magnitude, and relative humidity (RH)]. However, the relationship regarding expansion is partly attributed to environmental SST and RH variations for various LMF orientations. Moreover, SST is critical to the basin-dependent variability of the relationship between the shear-relative LMF and intensification. For Atlantic TCs, the relationship between LMF orientation and intensification is inconsistent with all-basin statistics unless the analysis is restricted to a representative subset of samples associated with generally favorable conditions.
Short Courses of Antibiotics Are Safe in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Valadez Maria G. , Patel Neil , Chong Vince , Putnam Brant A. , Moazzez Ashkan , Saltzman Darin , Kim Dennis Y.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) carry high morbidity and mortality. While early aggressive surgical debridement is well-accepted treatment for NSTIs, the optimum duration of adjunct antibiotic therapy is unclear. An increasing focus on safety and evidence-based antimicrobial stewardship suggests a value in addressing this knowledge gap.

Objective

To determine whether shorter antibiotic courses have similar outcomes compared to longer courses in patients with NSTI following adequate source control.

Population

142 consecutive patients with surgically managed NSTI were identified on retrospective chart review between December 2014 and December 2018 at two academic medical centers.

Results

Patients were predominately male (74%) with a median age of 52 and similar baseline characteristics. The median number of debridements to definitive source control was 2 (IQR 1-3) with the short course group undergoing a greater number of debridements control 2.57 ± 1.8 vs 1.9 ± 1.2, ( P = .01). Of 142 patients, 34.5% received a short course and the remaining 65.5% received a longer course of antibiotics. There was no significant difference in the incidence of bacteremia or wound culture positivity between groups. There was also no significant difference in in-hospital mortality, 8% vs 6% ( P = .74), incidence of C. difficile infection, median length of stay, or 30-day readmission.

Conclusion

Provided adequate surgical debridement, similar outcomes in morbidity and mortality suggest antibiotic courses of 7 days or less are equally safe compared to longer courses.
Organisational and individual perspectives of police wellbeing in England and Wales
Authors: Phythian Rebecca , Birdsall Nathan , Kirby Stuart , Cooper Emily , Posner Zoe , Boulton Laura
Published: October 2021

Individual and organisational factors have been identified as influencing personal wellbeing, with an emphasis placed on the organisation and management to support their staff. Whilst various policies, interventions and campaigns are in place at national and local level, it is unclear how well individual and organisational perspectives of wellbeing are aligned. This study seeks to address this through the analysis of secondary data provided by Oscar Kilo in 2018: Blue Light Wellbeing Frameworks (organisational perspective) and Human Resources policy review survey data (individual perspective). Whilst findings indicate positive steps to enhancing police wellbeing, a disconnect between the organisation and employees was apparent.
Foreign policy change as rhetorical politics: domestic-regional constellation of Global South states
Authors: Villa Rafael D , Sundaram Sasikumar S
Published: October 2021

Although the recent advancements in critical constructivist IR on political rhetoric has greatly improved our understanding of linguistic mechanisms of political action, we need a sharp understanding of how rhetoric explains foreign policy change. Here we conceptualize a link between rhetoric and foreign policy change by foregrounding distinct dynamics at the regional and domestic institutional environments. Analytically, at the regional level, we suggest examining whether norms of foreign policy engagement are explicitly coded in treaties and agreements or implicit in conventions and practices of actors. And at the domestic level, we suggest examining whether a particular foreign policy issue area is concurrent or contested among interlocutors. In this constellation, we clarify how four different rhetorical strategies underwrites foreign policy change – persuasion, mediation, explication and reconstruction – how it operates, and the processes through which it unfolds in relation to multiple audiences. Our principal argument is that grand foreign policy change requires continuous rhetorical deployments with varieties of politics to preserve and stabilize the boundaries in the ongoing fluid relations of states. We illustrate our argument with an analysis of Brazil’s South-South grand strategy under the Lula administration and contrast it against the rhetoric of subsequent administrations. Our study has implications for advancing critical foreign policy analysis on foreign policy change and generally for exploring new ways of studying foreign policies of nonwestern postcolonial states in international relations.
The complexities of meaningful experiential learning: Exploring reflective practice in music performance studies
Authors: Benjamins Laura , Roland Sophie Louise , Bylica Kelly
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the intersections of experiential learning and critical reflection within the unique context of the Accademia Europea dell’Opera (AEDO), a music performance summer program specializing in opera. Researchers explored the development and implementation of a responsive model of reflection and considered the impact this model had on helping music students shift between multiple spaces of musical performance and skill development. Data were analyzed through a communities of practice framework, and findings drawn from the analysis are explored through the following themes: the complexities of building a new community, synergy between intrapersonal and interpersonal engagement, and participants’ processes of reflecting and learning together.
Left Out—Feelings of Social Exclusion Incite Individuals with High Conspiracy Mentality to Reject Complex Scientific Messages
Authors: Schnepf Julia , Lux Alexandra , Jin Zixi , Formanowicz Magdalena
Published: October 2021

We investigated linguistic factors that affect peoples’ trust in science and their commitment to follow evidence-based recommendations, crucial for limiting the spread of COVID-19. In an experiment ( N = 617), we examined whether complex (vs. simple) scientific statements on mask-wearing can decrease trust in information and its sources, and hinder adherence to behavioral measures. In line with former research on social exclusion through complex language, we also examined whether complexity effects are mediated via feelings of social exclusion. Results indicate that negative effects of text complexity were present, but only for participants with a strong conspiracy mentality. This finding informs how to increase trust in science among individuals with a high conspiracy mentality, a population commonly known for its skepticism towards scientific evidence.
MELD score is predictive of 90-day mortality after veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support
Authors: Karnib Mohamad , Haraf Rebecca , Tashtish Nour , Zanath Erica , Elshazly Tarek , Garcia Raul Angel , Billings Scott , Fetros Michael , Bradigan Allison , Zacharias Michael , Abu-Omar Yasir , Elgudin Yakov , Pelletier Marc , Al-Kindi Sadeer , Lytle Francis , ElAmm Chantal
Published: October 2021

Background:

The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was originally described as a marker of survival in chronic liver disease. More recently, MELD and its derivatives, MELD excluding INR (MELD-XI) and MELD with sodium (MELD-Na), have been applied more broadly as outcome predictors in heart transplant, left ventricular assist device placement, heart failure, and cardiogenic shock, with additional promising data to support the use of these scores for prediction of survival in those undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO).

Methods:

This study assessed the prognostic impact of MELD in patients with cardiogenic shock undergoing VA ECMO via a single-center retrospective review from January 2014 to March 2020. MELD, MELD-XI, and MELD-Na scores were calculated using laboratory values collected within 48 h of VA ECMO initiation. Multivariate Cox regression analyses determined the association between MELD scores and the primary outcome of 90-day mortality. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were used to estimate the discriminatory power for MELD in comparison with previously validated SAVE score.

Results:

Of the 194 patients, median MELD was 20.1 (13.7–26.2), and 90-day mortality was 62.1%. There was a significant association between MELD score and mortality up to 90 days (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.945, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.244–3.041, p = 0.004) after adjustment for age, indication for VA ECMO, and sex. The prognostic significance of MELD score for 90-day mortality revealed an AUC of 0.645 (95% CI = 0.565–0.725, p < 0.001). MELD-Na score and MELD-XI score were not associated with mortality.

Conclusion:

MELD score accurately predicts long-term mortality and may be utilized as a valuable decision-making tool in patients undergoing VA ECMO.
Recalibrating healthcare to create a more equitable post-pandemic work environment
Authors: Pyle W. Glen , Roesch Frances C.
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need for flexible arrangements, including asynchronous work and working from home. These arrangements may be necessary to comply with public health directives and are manageable when few other options exist. It can be difficult to lead in an environment when team members have divergent core working hours and are not available for collaboration. This can be compounded by the perception of inequitable treatment of employee needs or preferences by management, which can further strain team dynamics. As the pandemic eases, it may be difficult for all employees to revert to a fully on-site arrangement; some may be unable and others unwilling. Leaders will need to consider ethical issues in reaching organizational goals in this new reality. Equity, diversity, and inclusion principles will be critical when balancing the needs of the individual and the team. Supportive arrangements and a culture of inclusion will be key to retaining top talent.
Canadian Women's Experience of Postnatal Care: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Dol Justine , Hughes Brianna , Tomblin Murphy Gail , Aston Megan , McMillan Douglas , Campbell-Yeo Marsha
Published: October 2021

Background

The postnatal period remains unstandardized in terms of care and postnatal visits with a dearth of information on the experience from Canadian women.

Purpose

To explore (1) with whom and how often women receive postnatal follow-up visits and (2) the postnatal care experiences of Canadian mothers.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional design, women who had given birth within the past 6 months were recruited to complete an online survey. Frequencies were computed for quantitative outcomes and thematic analysis was used for qualitative responses.

Results

A total of 561 mothers completed the survey. Women saw on average 1.9 different postnatal healthcare providers, primarily family doctors (72.4%). 3.2% had no postnatal visits and 37.6% had 4  or more within 6 weeks. 76.1% women were satisfied with their postnatal care. Women's satisfactory care in the postnatal period was associated with in-person and at home follow-ups, receiving support, and receiving timely, appropriate care for self and newborn. Unsatisfactory care was associated with challenges accessing care, experiencing gaps in follow-up visits, and having unsatisfactory assessment for their own recovery.

Conclusion

There is considerable variation in the timing and frequency of postnatal visits. While many women are experiencing satisfactory care, women are still reporting dissatisfaction and are facing challenges.
Psychoanalysis and anti-racism in mid-20th-century America: An alternative angle of vision
Authors: Fielder Tom
Published: October 2021

The conventional historiography of psychoanalysis in America offers few opportunities for the elaboration of anti-racist themes, and instead American ‘ego psychology’ has often been regarded as the most acute exemplar of ‘racist’ psychoanalysis. In this article, consistent with the historiographical turn Burnham first identified under the heading of ‘the New Freud Studies’, I distinguish between histories of psychoanalytic practitioners and histories of psychoanalytic ideas in order to open out an alternative angle of vision on the historiography. For psychoanalytic ideas were in fact omnipresent within American culture at mid-century, and they played a fundamental role in the psychological reworking of race that unfolded in the work of social scientists, literary artists, and cultural critics in the 1940s and early Cold War years, culminating in the Brown v. Board of Education ruling of 1954, a major landmark in the civil rights narrative. By pursuing the implications of psychoanalysis in anti-racist struggles at mid-century, and with particular attention to Richard Wright and his autobiographical novel Black Boy, I move towards unearthing an alternative historical account of the intersection between psychoanalysis and race, which offers new ways for psychoanalysis and the history of the human sciences to think about this period.
Steering angle prediction YOLOv5-based end-to-end adaptive neural network control for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Ye Cunliang , Wang Yongfu , Wang Yunlong , Tie Ming
Published: October 2021

The combination of steering angle prediction and control of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is a challenging task. To improve the real-time steering angle prediction accuracy and the effectiveness of steering control, a novel steering angle prediction YOLOv5-based end-to-end adaptive neural network control for AVs is proposed. Firstly, since most of the lane line datasets are simulated images and lack of diversity, a novel lane dataset derived from the real roads are made manually to train the You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) network model. To improve the detection accuracy of the network model, the Generalized Intersection over Union (GIoU) of the bounding box regression loss function is updated to a Complete Intersection over Union (CIoU) with a better convergence effect. Furthermore, the neural network-based controller and disturbance observer are proposed to effectively control the steering angle predicted by YOLOv5 and estimate the lumped uncertainty. Meanwhile, a composite adaptive updating law is constructed by utilizing the tracking error and modeling error to improve steering performance. Finally, the system stability is proved by Lyapunov theory and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with experiments.
Comparison of the application of smart electrorheological and magnetorheological fluid cores to damp sandwich panels’ vibration behavior, based on a novel higher-order shear deformation theory
Authors: Keshavarzian Mehdi , Najafizadeh Mohammad M , Khorshidi Korosh , Yousefi Peyman , Alavi Seyed Majid
Published: October 2021

Background: Magnetorheological and electrorheological materials show variations in their rheological properties when subjected to magnetic and electric fields. We analyzed the vibration control behavior of a sandwich panel with elastic face sheets and an electrorheological or magnetorheological fluid core, using an improved higher-order theory. The theory was applied to the analysis of the structure's components as a combination of exponential, trigonometric, and polynomial functions. The core's flexibility was analyzed based on Frostig's second model, which has attracted material science researchers’ attention. Methods: Using the new theory, we analyzed the transverse shear and rotary inertia effects of the cover sheets. The governing equations and boundary conditions were derived by Hamilton's principle. The natural frequencies and loss factors were derived by solving the eigenvalue problem. The effects of changing the geometric parameters, the thickness of the magnetorheological or electrorheological layer, and thickness ratios on the vibration behavior of the panel were determined. Results: The panel's natural frequencies increased when the magnetic or electric field strength, and the panel's aspect ratio increased. It decreased when the core to panel thickness ratio increased. The magnetorheological material showed higher strength and lower sensitivity to external impurities than did the electrorheological material. Conclusions: We conclude that the magnetorheological materials minimize the structure's vibration at high-frequency operation, and the electrorheological materials are optimal for minimizing the structure's vibration at lower frequency operation. The findings of this study are useful to better understand the vibration behavior of sandwich panels with laminates under free vibration conditions.
Size effect in piezoelectric semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Sladek Jan , Sladek Vladimir , Repka Miroslav , Pan Ernian
Published: October 2021

A gradient theory is applied to the mechanical constitutive equations for piezoelectric semiconductor nanostructures. This is achieved by considering the strain gradients in the constitutive equation with high-order stresses and electric displacements in advanced continuum model. The C1 continuous interpolations of displacements or a mixed formulation is required in the finite element method (FEM) due to the presence of the second-order derivative on the elastic displacements. A mixed FEM is then developed from the principle of virtual work. Numerical examples clearly show the significant effect of flexoelectricity on the induced electric potential and electric current in the piezoelectric semiconductor nanostructures.
Understanding Sexual Aggression in UK Male University Students: An Empirical Assessment of Prevalence and Psychological Risk Factors
Authors: Hales Samuel T. , Gannon Theresa A.
Published: October 2021

University-based sexual aggression is an international public health issue; however, to date, there have been no formal assessments of the prevalence or psychological indicators associated with the proabuse behaviors of the most common perpetrators at UK universities: heterosexual male students. To facilitate the development of effective primary prevention interventions for domestic students who have sexually harmed, we assess across two empirical studies ( Ns = 259 and 295) the psychological risk factors associated with recent sexual aggression amongst two distinct samples of UK male university students. Cumulatively, results highlighted that one in nine participants (11.4%) self-reported recent sexual aggression. These participants could be statistically differentiated from their non-offending peers on various established indicators of general sexual offending, of which logistic regression analyses highlighted atypical sexual fantasies, general aggression, hostility toward women, and rape myth acceptance as being the most reliable predictors. Our data extend the international evidence base by providing the first detailed overview of sexual aggression amongst UK male university students, as well as the psychological risk factors associated with their proabuse behaviors. We discuss the importance of our findings for the development of more effective evidence-based reduction strategies and primary prevention interventions for male students who have sexually harmed.
Prediction of the Effects of Variants and Differential Expression of Key Host Genes ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Hossain Md. Shahadat , Tonmoy Mahafujul Islam Quadery , Fariha Atqiya , Islam Md. Sajedul , Roy Arpita Singha , Islam Md. Nur , Kar Kumkum , Alam Mohammad Rahanur , Rahaman Md. Mizanur
Published: October 2021

A new strain of the beta coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is solely responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although several studies suggest that the spike protein of this virus interacts with the cell surface receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and is subsequently cleaved by TMPRSS2 and FURIN to enter into the host cell, conclusive insight about the interaction pattern of the variants of these proteins is still lacking. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the functional conjugation among the spike protein, ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN in viral pathogenesis as well as the effects of the mutations of the proteins through the implementation of several bioinformatics approaches. Analysis of the intermolecular interactions revealed that T27A (ACE2), G476S (receptor-binding domain [RBD] of the spike protein), C297T (TMPRSS2), and P812S (cleavage site for TMPRSS2) coding variants may render resistance in viral infection, whereas Q493L (RBD), S477I (RBD), P681R (cleavage site for FURIN), and P683W (cleavage site for FURIN) may lead to increase viral infection. Genotype-specific expression analysis predicted several genetic variants of ACE2 (rs2158082, rs2106806, rs4830971, and rs4830972), TMPRSS2 (rs458213, rs468444, rs4290734, and rs6517666), and FURIN (rs78164913 and rs79742014) that significantly alter their normal expression which might affect the viral spread. Furthermore, we also found that ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN proteins are functionally co-related with each other, and several genes are highly co-expressed with them, which might be involved in viral pathogenesis. This study will thus help in future genomics and proteomics studies of SARS-CoV-2 and will provide an opportunity to understand the underlying molecular mechanism during SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
Examining visions of surveillance in Oculus’ data and privacy policies, 2014–2020
Authors: Egliston Ben , Carter Marcus
Published: October 2021

Virtual reality – a site of renewed interest for major players in the tech industry – is increasingly one fraught with questions of data capture. This article examines the case of the Facebook owned virtual reality company Oculus and its intensifying privacy and surveillance risks with respect to the data generated and gathered through its devices. To explore the surveillance-centred structures of Oculus, this article examines Oculus’ privacy policies from December 2014 (the first version following the company's acquisition by Facebook), and October 2020 (the most recent iteration of the policy). In so doing, we examine these policies as sites of discourse, asking how they frame and afford power and control to Facebook, and position Facebook and Oculus’ surveillant aims and logics relative to societal concerns about, and regulations of, data.
Moments of Competitive Balance in Major League Soccer
Authors: Sung Hojun , Mills Brian M. , Lee Younghoon
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we investigate competitive balance in Major League Soccer and compare balance across talent acquisition policy regimes with a bias-corrected measure from 1996 to 2019. We evaluate multiple moments of the league talent distribution, and we add to past work by using multiple levels of aggregation that reveal heterogeneous results with respect to the distribution of talent within and across seasons. We show that there has been little improvement in competitive balance over the league's history, though there has been an increase in year-to-year stability in balance and a lower propensity for teams at the extremes of performance.
Artificial Dermis and Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treatment of Refractory Wounds: A Clinical Study
Authors: Lv Yang , Yang Zhiguo , Chen Zenghong , Xie Juan , Li Honghong , Lou Yin , Cao Dongsheng
Published: October 2021

Refractory wounds present a complex and serious clinical dilemma in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, there are currently no standard guidelines for the treatment of refractory wounds. Artificial dermis (AD) has achieved some satisfactory results, but also has some limitations. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as a cell-therapy material, was a valuable and safe treatment dressing for chronic non-healing wounds. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacies of artificial dermis (AD) with and without autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in patients with refractory wounds. Sixteen patients with refractory wounds were randomly allocated to autologous PRP therapy combined with artificial dermis (PRP + AD [N = 8]) or an artificial dermis program only (AD [N = 8]). We compared the efficacies of the two methods in terms of times to wound healing, infection control, and AD vascularization, as well as hospitalization days and eventual clinical outcomes.13 patients achieved complete healing, including seven (87.5%) in the PRP + AD group and six (75.0%) in the AD group (P > .05). The times to wound healing, infection control, and AD vascularization, and hospitalization time after transfer were significantly shorter in the PRP + AD group compared with the AD group (P < .05). In conclusion, the combination of AD and PRP promoted refractory wound healing and shortened waiting times compared with simple dermal grafts.
Challenges and Prospects of Development of Herbal Biomaterial Based Ethical Wound Care Products—A Scoping Review
Authors: Jayram Jayasutha , Kondaveeti Satish S. , Gnanaraj Johnson Christian , Sampath Preethi J. , Kalachaveedu Mangathayaru
Published: October 2021

Total wound care is an unmet therapeutic need considering the morbidity and mortality associated with the rising prevalence of nonhealing/chronic wounds. Current wound management fails to address all aspects/types of wounds despite the availability of scores of traditional and modern, investigational products. Traditional medicine drugs of wound healing repute validated to target multiple biological pathways and key events in the mammalian wound healing cascade, reportedly affecting wound healing phases. Advances in the development of biocomposite matrices and their analytical characterization warrant a relook at consolidating time-tested wound healing properties of herbal bioactives for prospective development as ethical wound care products. Aside from the bottlenecks of their multiconstituent profiling and clinical trial data generation, regulatory hurdles also cloister any systematic attempts at their re-engineering into clinical deliverables. In the context of national policy changes to bring in totally indigenous solutions, countries with a huge knowledge/material resource on wound healing bioactives need to essentially facilitate the same.
Walking Alongside: Relational Research Spaces in Visual Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Lavoie Michelle
Published: October 2021

Walking alongside is a phrase used in narrative inquiry to describe relational commitments that shape how we attend to the complexity of lives, unfolding over time, and within a web of social relations. The space of inquiry requires researchers to attend to participants’ lives and stories of experience across various social situations, places, and times. In this paper, I explicate and unpack my intimate, and sometimes complex, journey and unfolding research process. In this study, walking alongside was a process of embodying the relational ethics of narrative inquiry, which attended to silences, remained playful, and responded to and through uncertainty. I provide insight into building relational spaces in visual narrative inquiry by combining art-making with Lugones’ theories on world travelling to creatively and nimbly respond to stories and walk alongside participants. As a narrative inquirer, I walked alongside three trans young adults, to co-create, re-imagine, and transform research in relation to participants. This process is undergirded by attention to and a deepening awareness of relational ethics, and by creating spaces that allow for emergent possibilities of being in relation to honor diverse and multiple ways of knowing.
Multi-fuzzy Sarsa learning-based sit-to-stand motion control for walking-support assistive robot
Authors: Wenxia Xu , Yu Baocheng , Cheng Lei , Li Yanan , Cao Xuan
Published: October 2021

Sit-to-stand transfer is a very common and critical movement of daily life in elderly individuals, especially independent elderly individuals. However, most assistive robots do not have a sit-to-stand transfer function. In this article, a multi-fuzzy Sarsa learning-based sit-to-stand motion control method for walking-support assistive robot was proposed. First, the mechanical design of walking-support assistive and sit-to-stand transfer motion control problems were introduced. Then, the fuzzy Sarsa learning method, which is a model-free algorithm, was used to design the motion control algorithm for the human–robot system. To realize natural and intuitive sit-to-stand transfer movement for a human–robot system, the interactive force between the robot and human and the error position between the real-time center of mass and reference center of mass were state variables of the proposed fuzzy Sarsa learning-based sit-to-stand motion control algorithm. Considering the computing efficiency of the controller, a multi-fuzzy Sarsa learning -based motion control algorithm was developed to realize natural sit-to-stand transfer motion. Finally, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A systematic review of research into executive headship, 2001–2021
Authors: Coleman Andy
Published: October 2021

While extensive understanding of headship has emerged over the last half-century, the notion of executive headship remains under-explored. This article summarizes a systematic review of evidence relating to executive headship published since 2001. This review found the overwhelming majority of peer-reviewed articles into executive headship are small-scale or largely theoretical in nature. Meanwhile, the few larger-scale studies completed have generally been published directly by their commissioning body. Consequently, much is known about the policy and philosophical drivers behind the emergence of this role in English schools, but markedly less on its operationalization in practice. Furthermore, while few attempts have been made to assess the prevalence of this role, there is nevertheless some evidence (albeit limited) that executive headship can positively impact on organizational effectiveness and pupil outcomes. This article recommends that further research be undertaken into understanding how the role is performed in practice, its strengths and limitations, implications for governance, the characteristics it demands of leaders in practice and the support they require. Furthermore, parallels between this and similar roles in other countries (such as superintendents in the US) should also be examined to identify further lessons on how executive headship can best be utilized both strategically and operationally.
Developing contextualised literature-informed competency frameworks for middle managers in education
Authors: Corbett Stephen
Published: October 2021

The role of a manager within any organisation is often complex and multifaceted. Overtime management theory has developed in an effort to appreciate these complexities and suggest frameworks from which managers should operate. However, should management and the role of a manager be considered generic? Or, instead should we appreciate the distinctions dependant on the context in which a manager is operating in? This paper focuses on education middle managers working in vocational education and training using the Further Education sector in England as a case study to investigate the role. Utilising systematic review the paper will discuss literature on management theory, competency theory and further education management. It considers a range of management theories such as scientific, human relations and open systems theory discussing how these have informed the development of competency theory and frameworks, highlighting the strengths and limitations of prior studies. Building from these studies, this paper creates a new way to develop management competency frameworks. This is illustrated by proposing a contextualised literature-informed competency framework for further education middle managers. Challenging the generic approach to management competency frameworks and providing a platform for empirical studies that develop frameworks contextualised to the external operating environment of the manager.
Trust in cross-sector alliances: Towards a theory of relational trust in multi-professional education networks
Authors: Kolleck Nina
Published: October 2021

In recent years, partnerships between schools and non-system actors, that is, cross-sector alliances, have become increasingly important in education systems around the world, raising concerns and doubts regarding the influence of non-school actors in educational management and leadership. In these debates, trust is regarded as a key element for the success of cross-sector alliances. Although both trust and cross-sector alliances have been increasingly studied in education research in recent years, an investigation of the role of trust in such relationships is still missing. This article analyzes relational trust in cross-sector alliances in education in order to contribute to further theory building. To this end, it implements a qualitative design based on semi-standardized interviews with 21 individuals responsible for managing an illustrative cross-sector alliance. Interviews are analyzed with the help of an approach based on Grounded Theory. The analyses result in a five-dimensional theory of trust in cross-sector alliances, comprising (1) individual attitude, (2) time, (3) professional affiliation, (4) power, and (5) multiplexity. The theoretical approach developed in this article has practical implications for networked leadership and school principals’ work and training as it provides information regarding the skills and knowledge needed for managing cross-sector alliances.
Emotional Cues’ Effects on Grotesque Advertising
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Argho , Septianto Felix , Nallaperuma Kaushalya , Lang Bodo
Published: October 2021

A growing literature is examining the potential of grotesque advertising. The aim of this study is to examine whether curiosity or boredom cues in a grotesque advertisement are more effective at enhancing brand attitude and how this effect is moderated by consumers’ construal level. Across three experimental studies, this research shows that a curiosity cue will be more effective among consumers with a high construal level, whereas a boredom cue will be more effective among consumers with a low construal level (Study 1 and an ancillary study, Study 2). Further, perceived fit (based on construal level) mediates these effects (Study 2). This study thus offers a fresh theoretical viewpoint on the efficacy of emotional advertising cues in enhancing consumer evaluations of grotesque advertising by investigating the moderating role of consumers’ construal level. These findings benefit marketers in developing effective advertising strategies featuring grotesque imagery.
In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Rhizomes of Globba pendula Roxb
Authors: Ha Le Minh , Phuong Ngo Thi , Thu Hien Nguyen Thi , Tam Pham Thi , Thao Do Thi , Thanh Huyen Do Thi
Published: October 2021

In this study, we aimed at evaluating in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of various extracts of the rhizomes of Globba pendula Roxb. Three extracts ( n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) were screened for their inhibitory effect on NO production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The ethyl acetate extract of G. pendula rhizomes (EGP) showed a potential effect with an IC50 value of 32.45 µg/mL. For in vivo study, the ethyl acetate extract was further investigated for its anti-inflammatory effect using collagen antibody-induced arthritic mice (CAIA). The level of arthritis in experimental mice significantly reduced ( P < .05) after treatment with EGP at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). This study also revealed that EGP is orally non-toxic. Ethyl p-methoxy cinamate was identified as the main constituent of EGP, which may result in its anti-inflammatory effect.
Making Our Pitch: Engaging Practitioner Supervisors in the Development of the Dissertation in Practice
Authors: Lewis Travis , Puckett Heidi , Siegel David J.
Published: October 2021

This article describes the incorporation of a pitch presentation early in a Doctor of Education (EdD) program to help pre-candidacy students develop a dissertation in practice topic that has the support of their workplace supervisor in the K-12 or higher education setting. Twenty participating EdD students conducted presentations to “pitch” their study idea to their workplace supervisors, who provided feedback and suggested adjustments to the research plan. Students reflected on the experience of preparing for, conducting, and receiving feedback on their pitch. Qualitative data analysis indicated students gained increased clarity and organization around their topic, as well as higher motivation.