bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schiff Bases and their Metal Complexes as Potential Anticancer Candidates: A Review of Recent Works
Authors: Tadele Kirubel T. , Tsega Tilahun W.
Published: March 2019

Background: Schiff bases and their metal complexes are emerging as key classes of medicinal compounds, possessing an enormous potential of biological activities like anticancer, anticonvulsant and antioxidant etc. The aim of this review is to examine the anticancer activity of different classes of Schiff bases and their metal complexes.  Methods: Anticancer activity of the already synthesized as well as the novel Schiff bases and their metal complexes was studied using different assays such as 3- [4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), PI staining, Sulforhodamine, Allium cepa, Sulfo- Rhodamine-B-stain(SRB), viability and potato disc against various human and animal cancer cell lines.  Results: The test results indicated significant differences in anticancer activity between subclasses of Schiff base compounds as well as between the Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes. Quinazolines showed a very high activity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. Pyrazole-naphthalene derivatives exhibited high activity against numerous carcinoma cells while [Ni(HL1)2(OAc)2] showed the highest. Azosal and its tin(IV) complexes displayed high activity against U-1242 MG and excellent activity against HCT-116 cell lines. 2-thiouracil sulfonamides displayed high activity against MCF7, CaCo-2 carcinoma cells. Vitamin-B6 and its oxovanadium complex showed good activity against MCF-7, 3T3 and cervical cancer HeLa cancer cell lines in the presence of visible light. Indoles displayed high activity against AMJ13. Porphyrines derivatives exhibited good activity while its binuclear(Y and K) complexes displayed high activity against several carcinoma cells. Chitosan complexes of [Pd(II) and Pt(II)] showed a very high anticancer activity against MCF-7 carcinoma cell.  Conclusion: Schiff bases possess a high potential to inhibit carcinoma cells which enhanced with complexation, but the mechanism of their antitumor activity is still doubt.
Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 as a New Macromolecular Drug Target in the Prevention of Inflammation and Cancer
Authors: Bülbül Bahadır , Küçükgüzel İlkay
Published: March 2019

Background:

Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases worldwide. Since inflammation is
considered to be one of the known characteristics of cancer, the activity of PGE2 has been paired with different
tumorigenic steps such as increased tumor cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, increased invasiveness,
angiogenesis and immunosuppression.

Objective:

It has been successfully demonstrated that inhibition of mPGES-1 prevented inflammation in preclinical
studies. However, despite the crucial roles of mPGEs-1 and PGE2 in tumorigenesis, there is not much in vivo study
on mPGES-1 inhibition in cancer therapy. The specificity of mPGEs-1 enzyme and its low expression level under
normal conditions makes it a promising drug target with a low risk of side effects.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was performed for writing this review. An updated view on PGE2
biosynthesis, PGES isoenzyme family and its pharmacology and the latest information about inhibitors of mPGES-1
have been discussed.

Results:

In this study, it was aimed to highlight the importance of mPGES-1 and its inhibition in inflammationrelated
cancer and other inflammatory conditions. Information about PGE2 biosynthesis, its role in inflammationrelated
pathologies were also provided. We kept the noncancer-related inflammatory part short and tried to bring
together promising molecules or scaffolds.

Conclusion:

The information provided in this review might be useful to researchers in designing novel and potent
mPGES-1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and inflammation.
Natural Compounds and Drug Discovery: Can Cnidarian Venom Play a Role?
Authors: Mariottini Gian Luigi , Grice Irwin Darren
Published: March 2019

Natural compounds extracted from organisms and microorganisms are an important resource
for the development of drugs and bioactive molecules. Many such compounds have made
valuable contributions in diverse fields such as human health, pharmaceutics and industrial applications.
Presently, however, research on investigating natural compounds from marine organisms is
scarce. This is somewhat surprising considering that the marine environment makes a major contribution
to Earth's ecosystems and consequently possesses a vast storehouse of diverse marine species.
Interestingly, of the marine bioactive natural compounds identified to date, many are venoms, coming
from Cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, corals). Cnidarians are therefore particularly interesting
marine species, producing important biological compounds that warrant further investigation for their
development as possible therapeutic agents. From an experimental aspect, this review aims to emphasize
and update the current scientific knowledge reported on selected biological activity (antiinflammatory,
antimicrobial, antitumoral, anticoagulant, along with several less studied effects) of
Cnidarian venoms/extracts, highlighting potential aspects for ongoing research towards their utilization
in human therapeutic approaches.
Bilayer Tablet Based Chronotherapeutics in the Management of Nocturnal Asthma: An Overview
Authors: Thakur Sourav , Singh Bhupendra , Mishra Vijay , Yadav Nishika , Giri Namita , Sharma Pardeep , Saini Ankit , Garg Lavi K.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Asthma is a common ailment with a larger circadian difference. Nocturnal
Asthma (NA) is an inconstant exacerbation of asthmatic condition related to the rise in warning sign
during the night time and there is a need for its treatment addressing air route alertness and decline in
lung functions. These symptoms are linked to sleep or known as circadian events. Chronotherapeutics
is a management system based on an in-vivo drug accessibility programmed to check the rhythms of
ailment in a direction to improve the therapeutic outcomes by suppressing the side effects. This review
aims to provide an overview of NA, chronotherapeutics for the treatment of NA, bilayer tablets, and
advanced techniques involved in the fabrication of bilayer tablets. The review also discusses some of
the related patents.

Methods:

Relevant literature about the latest developments and updated information related to NA,
chronotherapeutics and bilayer tablets has been very widely searched on different biomedical literature
programs such as Google, Web of Science, PubMed portals, etc. Bilayer tablet mediated chronotherapy
has gained significant attention and consideration as it is developed and fabricated based on the body’s
circadian rhythm. Bilayer tablets can deliver the bioactive compounds at an appropriate time, place as
well as amount and site.

Results:

Available literature advocated that the bilayer matrix tablet containing a single drug in the
sustained release film and fast releasing film, may be beneficial for the chronic diseases like asthma,
migraine, diabetes, hypertension and inflammation which usually require immediate as well as
maintained therapeutic effect.

Conclusion:

The application of nanotechnology in the arena of medicine will transform the diagnosis
and treatment strategies of a wide range of diseases in the upcoming years. The findings of this review
confirm the importance of bilayer tablet based chronotherapy in nocturnal asthma.
Gamma Emitters in Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors Imaging in the PET Era: Is there a Clinical Space for 99mTc-peptides?
Authors: Briganti Vittorio , Cuccurullo Vincenzo , Di Stasio Giuseppe Danilo , Mansi Luigi
Published: March 2019

Background:

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs) are rare neoplasms, sporadic or familial, even being part of a syndrome. Their diagnosis is based on symptoms, hormonal disorders or may be fortuitous. The role of Nuclear Medicine is important, mainly because of the possibility of a theranostic strategy. This approach is allowed by the availability of biochemical agents, which may be labeled with radionuclides suitable for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, showing almost identical pharmacokinetics. The major role for radiopharmaceuticals is connected with radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogues (SSA), since somatostatin receptors are highly expressed on some of the neoplastic cell types.

Discussion:

Nowadays, in the category of radiolabeled SSA, although 111In-pentetreotide, firstly commercially proposed, is still used, the best choice for diagnosis is related to the so called DOTAPET radiotracers labeled with 68-Gallium (Ga), such as 68Ga-DOTATATE, 68Ga-DOTANOC, and 68Ga-DOTATOC. More recently, labeling with 64-Copper (Cu) (64Cu-DOTATATE) has also been proposed. In this review, we discuss the clinical interest of a SAA (Tektrotyd©) radiolabeled with 99mTc, a gamma emitter with better characteristics, with respect to 111Indium, radiolabeling Octreoscan ©. By comparing both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Octreoscan©, Tektrotyd© and PET DOTA-peptides, on the basis of literature data and of our own experience, we tried to highlight these topics to stimulate further studies, individuating actual clinical indications for all of these radiotracers.

Conclusion:

In our opinion, Tektrotyd© could already find its applicative dimension in the daily practice of NETs, either pancreatic or not, at least in centers without a PET/CT or a 68Ga generator. Because of wider availability, a lower cost, and a longer decay, compared with respect to peptides labeled with 68Ga, it could be also proposed, in a theranostic context, for a dosimetry evaluation of patients undergoing Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT), and for non-oncologic indications of radiolabelled SSA. In this direction, and for a more rigorous cost/effective evaluation, more precisely individuating its clinical role, further studies are needed.
Studies on morpho- taxonomy anatomical and Palynology of Ipomoea carnea Jacq growing in Jharkhand, India.
Authors: Pathak Sumit Kumar , Mukherjee Prasanjit , Kumar Jyoti
Published: March 2019

The current paper deals with the morpho-taxonomy, anatomy and pollen studies of Ipomoea carnea a member family Convolvulaceae. This is one of the important invasive plants spreaded throughout the nation as weed1, 2. It has been also reported from all the parts of Jharkhand3. Owing to unique charter of its survival in land as well as water the current study has been under taken.
Development and Ex vivo evaluation of Rasagiline Mesylate mucoadhesive microemulsion for intranasal delivery using Box-Behnken design
Authors: Janapareddi Krishnaveni , Kandhula Anilgoud
Published: March 2019

Rasagiline mesylate (RM), an irreversible, selective inhibitor of MAO-B enzyme, is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease as oral tablets. It has low oral bioavailability (36%) due to hepatic first pass metabolism. Oral route of administration is associated with nausea and vomiting. Hence present research work was aimed to develop intranasal RM- loaded mucoadhesive microemulsions for brain targeting via olfactory pathway. The microemulsions were developed using Box Behnken design and evaluated for globule size, PDI, Zeta potential, pH, viscosity and ex vivo permeation on excised porcine nasal mucosa. Based on drug solubility, Capmul MCM, Tween 20 and Transcutol P were selected as oil, surfactant and cosurfactant respectively. Microemulsions were prepared by water titration method. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed and the levels of surfactants, oil were selected. The influence of independent variables such as oil, Smix and water on responses size, zeta potential and flux were studied with the help of polynomial equations, contour plots and 3D response surface plots generated by design expert software. Optimized microemulsion formulation (ME18) was composed of oil (Capmul MCM), Smix (Tween 20: Transcutol P; 1:1), water and drug in the ratio 5:42:65:5.The globule size, zeta potential and flux of the optimized microemulsion was 150 nm, -29.6 mV and 291.7 μg/cm2/h respectively. Mucoadhesive agent (Chitosan) was added at 0.5% concentration to optimized microemulsion formulation (MME18). The size, zeta potential and flux of the MME18 was 176.4 nm, 12.1 mV and 323.1 μg/cm2/h respectively. The flux of ME18 and MME 18 was significantly higher than drug solution. The enhancement ratio of MME 18 was 4.2 times to that of drug solution, indicating potential advantage of microemulsion formulation.
Bioactive potential of Pseudomonas alcaliphila isolated from a marine sponge against human pathogens
Authors: K. Sathiyamurthy , H. Bavithra
Published: March 2019

Metabolite extraction is considered as one of the important steps in metabolomics, the marine metabolite are the new source of the most antimicrobial agents used in both pharmacological and biological applications. In the present study, sponge associated bacterial metabolites was investigated. A total of 20 bacterial strains were isolated from the sponge Haliclona sp., All the strains were screened primarily with cross streaking method against human bacterial pathogens. The potent isolate was chosen based on the good inhibitory activity and metabolite extraction was achieved using chloroform: methanol mixture. The metabolites were then checked for their antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion and also minimum inhibitory concentration was determined. Out of 20 bacterial strains, only one strain selected based on the good inhibitory activity against pathogens and the strain was identified as Pseudomonas alcaliphila based on the biochemical and16S rRNA sequencing. The results revealed that the metabolites exhibited high activity and it was found that Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited high with the diameter of 22 mm followed by Salmonella Typhi (15 mm), E.coli (12 mm), and Bacillus subtilis (15 mm). The MIC was observed at 31.25 µg/ml against all pathogens. Results of TLC exhibited the Rf value at 0.86 and the FTIR results revealed the presence of C=o, amide bond, amino acids and methoxy groups. In GC-MS results showed that the metabolites mostly contain fatty acids and alkenes compounds. Thus, this marine active compound was considered as a novel compound for biological applications and may be a potential drug for therapeutic use.
A Deep Learning Method to Analyze and Classify Happy Moments: A Comparative Analytic Study (Preprint)
Authors: Li Qiudan , Liu Ruoran , Yao Riheng , Zeng Daniel Dajun
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Happiness is considered as an important indicator of users’ mental and physical health. Fostering happiness has gained increasing public attention as one of the ways to decrease health costs in the long run. Understanding what makes users feel happy may help policy makers develop policies and methods that steer users towards behaviors identified to promote happiness.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aimed to investigate the use of deep learning methods to analyze happy moments and compare them with the traditional machine learning methods, which may provide a mechanism to accurately classify happy moments and help understand why users feel happy.

METHODS

A crowdsourced corpus of happy moments, HappyDB, was used. The dataset contained 14,125 posts with category labels that described sources and reasons for happy feelings: Achievement, Affection, Bonding, Enjoy the moment, Leisure, Nature and Exercise. We compared the performance of deep learning methods such as the convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional long-short term memory (Bi-LSTM), and attention Bi-LSTM with that of the traditional machine learning methods including logistic regression, SVM, and naïve Bayes. Standard measures including precision, recall, and F1 were adopted for each category. Macro-precision, macro-recall, and macro-F1 were used to evaluate the overall performance of the models.

RESULTS

We found that CNN achieved the best performance on macro-precision, macro-recall, and macro-F1, with values of 80.8, 79.3, and 80.0, respectively. Among the traditional machine learning methods, logistic regression performed the best, with macro-precision of 80.6, macro-recall of 71.1, and macro-F1 of 75.5. A detailed comparison of CNN and logistic regression on each category showed that CNN was able to improve F1 score for all categories. Specifically, F1 improved by at least 1.8% on the Bonding category and up to 11.3% on Nature. Performance improvements mainly depended on significant improvements on recall, especially for minor categories. For example, the recall of CNN was 80.9 and 70.9 for Nature and Exercise, which was an improvement of 28.5% and 11.6% compared with logistic regression. The reason was that CNN explicitly modeled the relationship between word features and the categories of happy moments by extracting important word features through convolution and pooling operations.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to analyze happy moments based on deep learning methods. Compared with the traditional machine learning methods, deep learning methods, especially CNN, showed superiority on classifying the happy moments, which would facilitate understanding of the reasons why users feel happy and thus help policy makers formulate targeted policies to promote happiness.
Evaluation of the phenol degradation capacity of microalgae-bacteria consortia from the bay of Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Mora-Salguero Daniela , Vives Florez Martha Josefina , Husserl Orjuela Johanna , Fernández-Niño Miguel , González Barrios Andrés Fernando
Published: March 2019

The development of new technologies for environmental reparation has allowed the application of inexpensive alternatives such as bioremediation, which has a high potential to treat ecosystems polluted with hydrocarbons. Microalgae-bacteria consortia have been identified as an efficient alternative for the detoxification of organic and inorganic contaminants and the removal of toxic compounds. This work investigates the phenol degradation potential of several alga-microbial consortia, which involved the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and an osmotolerant phenol-resistant bacterial strain isolated from the bay of Cartagena, Colombia. A total of three bacterial strains were tested (i.e. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Microbacterium paraoxydans and Paenibacillus lactis) individually and in consortium with C. reinhardtii. Our data indicate a significant increase in the growth rate and a reduction in the lag phase of microorganisms in the consortium as compared to microorganisms growing in isolation. Interestingly, the inoculum ratio 2:1 (bacteria-microalgae) was shown to be the most robust taking into account that both microorganisms improved their growth. Afterward, the phenol degradation capacity of pure cultures and consortia in the presence of different phenol concentrations was evaluated. Our results reveal that such consortia perform better at low phenol concentrations; more specifically, the consortium Microbacterium paraoxydans-Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was the most effective: it reached a 49.89% phenol removal.
Análisis de redes sociales para un sistema de innovación generado a partir de un modelo de simulación basado en agentes
Authors: Franco-Bermúdez Juan F. , Ruiz-Castañeda Walter L.
Published: March 2019

El siguiente trabajo muestra los resultados obtenidos tras realizar un Análisis de Redes Sociales a un sistema de innovación, con la particularidad de que dicho sistema es generado a partir de un modelo de Simulación Basada en Agentes. El objetivo principal de este artículo es mostrar que la combinación de ambas metodologías (Análisis de Redes Sociales y Simulación Basada en Agentes) puede ser exitosa en la obtención de nuevos hallazgos y aportar a la comprensión de cómo se conforman y se comportan los sistemas de innovación. La simulación permite ver cómo emerge el sistema y estudiar sus comportamientos, allí se visualiza cómo las capacidades de innovación de los agentes condicionan su relacionamiento y cómo dichas relaciones determinan su adaptación, especialización, su supervivencia en el tiempo y la evolución de la red misma. Por otra parte, el Análisis de Redes Sociales permite entender la estructura relacional del sistema y cómo esta afecta su comportamiento, el análisis se aplica en cuatro momentos de tiempo distanciados entre sí por cinco periodos, y en cada uno de ellos se analizan diferentes indicadores, tanto de nivel nodal como de nivel estructural. El análisis construido sirve como herramienta de entendimiento y orientación a los gobiernos para la formulación de políticas asociadas a los sistemas regionales y nacionales de innovación. Finalmente, se muestra cómo a partir de micro-mundos virtuales puede extraerse información importante sobre las dinámicas de los sistemas de innovación, abriendo así la posibilidad de contestar preguntas del tipo ¿qué pasaría sí…?
Electric vehicle routing problem with backhauls considering the location of charging stations and the operation of the electric power distribution system
Authors: Cubides Luis Carlos , Arias Londoño Andrés , Granada Echeverri Mauricio
Published: March 2019

Logistics companies are largely encouraged to make greener their operations through an efficient solution with electric vehicles (EVs). However, the driving range is one of the limiting aspects for the introduction of EVs in logistics fleet, due to the low capacity provided by the batteries to perform the routes. In this regards, it is necessary to set up a framework to virtually increase this battery capacity by locating EV charging stations (EVCSs) along the transportation network for the completion of their routes. By the other side, the Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) express the concern associated with the inclusion of new power demands to be attended (installation of EVCSs) in the Distribution Network (DN), without reducing the optimal power supply management for the end-users. Under these circumstances, in this paper the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls and optimal operation of the Distribution Network (EVRPB-DN) is introduced and formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model, considering the operation of the DN in conditions of maximum power demand. Different candidate points for the EVs charging are considered to recharge the battery at the end of the linehaul route or during the backhaul route. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective approach where the transportation and power distribution networks operation are modeled. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed formulation is tested in VRPB instance datasets and DN test systems from the literature. Pareto fronts for each instance are presented, using the ε-constraint methodology.
Probationary: An Artwork for Civil Servants
Authors: Hwa Young Jung  , Nathan Jones
Published: March 2019

This exposition describes a game-artwork called Probationary, which was commissioned to present the 'lived experience' of men on probation. The game has been played by the men on probation ("on licence"), by criminologists at Liverpool John Moores University, by civil servants involved in probation services, and by a wide range of players in art and design contexts.

In the exposition we show how the question of who can and should play the game leads into fascinating critical trajectories unique to interactive arts of this nature: namely, if someone can interact with an artwork as an employee, how can the relation of art and work be recalibrated? What follows is a description of the theoretical basis for games as forms of critical media artwork, and a tentative framing of the concept of "Art for Civil Servants" as a method for social artivism. The exposition frames this example of "Art for Civil Servants" within a lineage of new media art, and socially engaged art, while seeking to distinguish an original methodology and emerging mandate for this form of artistic research.

The distinctive proposition of this exposition for the field of artistic research, is that art's utility as a research practice can be purposefully deployed outside of cultural fields. "Art for Civil Servants" is therefore a name for a speculative field of artistic research, which will draw on social science methodologies, and seek agency in the world in this way.
Contemporary Studies on Suburban (Indonesia) Today: Critique on Classical-Neoclassical Regional Economics Based Institutional Economics Perspectives
Authors: Yandri Pitri , Priyarsono D.S. , Fauzi Akhmad , Dharmawan Arya Hadi
Published: March 2019

The current trend shows that the growth of suburban area is increasingly massif, both its total areas as well as quantity. However, the phenomenon is not followed with the attention of researchers to conduct the study on it. Even if there is, their attention escape on an important approach in the analysis. Their analysis rests on old theories which assume that the space planning and land just triggered by the company's and household’s behavior. Nonetheless, the fact remains that land use planning involves complex functions of institution. Therefore, this brief article reports the results of a literature review about the condition of suburban areas in Indonesia. The approach is conducted by critical review using institutional analysis to elaborate classical and neoclassical regional economic theories, as well as comparing and synthesizing the literature. To sharpen the argument, I also present the relevant descriptive data. Through institutional perspective, I argue that the real question of land use planning and its development in the suburbs exists beyond land and infrastructure issues.
Effectiveness of Household-Based Poverty Programs: Lesson Learn from Indonesia
Authors: Meydianawathi Luh Gede , Setyari Ni Putu Wiwin
Published: March 2019

implemented in fact it does not negates the poor, but at least they try to reduce the amount. Indonesia so far has various poverty programs aimed at different groups based on the primary target, ranging from household (cluster one), a community or group of communities (clusters two), and small and medium enterprises (cluster three). This study aims to look at the effectiveness of the implementation of the government's poverty programs mainly intended for households. Specific target to be achieved is nothing but a refinement of the targeting mechanisms and beneficiaries of the program. The results are expected to contribute to the policy assessments of poverty alleviation program and their perfecting in the future. Analyzes used data of Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2007 and 2014. In accordance with its objectives, there are three policies that would be seen its impact on household welfare indicators, namely the health policy (ASKESKIN), consumption policy (BLT) and education policy (BSM). The test results show if the three policies programs targeting households poverty alleviation do not have the same effect on the changes in household income. Direct cash assistance (consumption policy/BLT) was most effective compared to other programs. Therefore it can be concluded if these three programs have different effects at different time periods, so it must be applied in accordance with the needs.
Determinants of Sharia Banks’ Efficiency In Indonesia: Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Shidiqi Khalifany Ash , Rachmawati Aulifah
Published: March 2019

Nowadays, the development of Sharia Banks (SB) in Indonesia showed positive results. However, the development of SB is still slow because their competitiveness levels are far from the conventional banks, which is proven by the small amount of market shares. One of the efforts to gain competitiveness is by maintaining efficiency that it can give magnificent boost to the development. This paper aims to estimate factors that are affecting efficiency of Sharia banks in Indonesia. The use of panel data of 11 public SB from 2012 – 2016 and random effect regression illustrate how CAR, ROA, ROE, NPF, FDR and Number of Branches (NB) affect efficiency. In particular, we use Operating Expense Ratio (OER) to determine the efficiency level of Sharia Banks. The estimation finds that ROA, FDR, NB have reverse correlation toward OER, NPF has positive effect, and CAR as well as ROE are not significantly affect OER.
Calculation of Thermal Radiation Level During a Pool Fire Caused by Leakage of Kerosene from Tanker Wagon at Railway Crossings
Authors: Mišić Nikola , Zigar Darko , Božilov Aca , Pešić Dušica
Published: March 2019

The spillages due to collisions related incidents involving the wagon tankers, which carrying hazardous materials (hazmat), can be followed by fires or explosions, presents a severe threat to the safety of residents and nearby buildings. In this study, ALOHA and PHAST was used to evaluate the level of thermal radiation at different distances from the place of accident. Discussed scenario analyze a leakage of kerosene from a tanker wagon, from different opening diameters, where is formed a pool fire. As an assumption for location of possible accident, parts of the railway where it can be expected a large number of people and vehicles were taken. For study area was chosen city of Niš, Serbia.
Apolipoprotein E allelic variants and cerebral palsy
Authors: Gümüş Evren , Aras Beyhan Durak , Çilingir Oğuz , Yarar Coşkun , Çarman Kürşat Bora , Laçiner-Gürlevik Sibel , Koçak Ozan , Artan Sevilhan
Published: March 2019

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of mobility restriction and posture disturbance in childhood. Against the complexity in disease etiology, genetic factors, including Apolipoprotein E allelic distribution in this patient population, are worthy targets for investigation. ApoE is a lipoprotein of central nervous system encoded by ApoE gene with its 3 main co-dominant alleles, 2, 3 and 4. We aimed to evaluate the allelic frequencies of ApoE gene and its association with coexisting clinical entities such as vision and hearing impairment, cognitive problems, seizures and MRI findings in a pediatric patient population native to middle Anatolian region. Seventy-eight children with CP and 60 healthy controls were genotyped. Genotypic variations along with coexisting clinical conditions and CP-related medical findings were compared between the patient and control groups. The Denver Developmental Screening Test for all, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (short form WISC-IV; Turkish version) for the patients > 6y and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SB-5) for those who aged 2-6 years old were employed to evaluate cognitive and mental abilities of the patients. ApoE 2 and 4 alleles were more frequent in the patient group (p < 0.05), whereas ApoE 3 allele was more frequent in the healthy controls. ApoE 2/4 genotype has been determined 29% in the case group, but none in healthy control group. In the patient group with apolipoprotein 4 or 2 alleles, the rate of emergency cesarean section was found being significantly higher than the group with 3 allele. Brain MRI findings were not significantly different among ApoE allelic variants within the patient group. Our data show that the ApoE alleles may be effective in the development of cerebral palsy and may be associated with some clinical manifestations in those patients.
Measuring awareness about child abuse and neglect: Validity and reliability of a newly developed tool-child abuse and neglect awareness scale
Authors: Altan Hüsniye , Budakoğlu Işıl İrem , Şahin-Dağlı Figen , Oral Resmiye
Published: March 2019

In this study, we aimed at determining child abuse and neglect awareness of medical students attending one of the top medical schools in Turkey. The study group comprised 350 third-year medical students at Gazi University, School of Medicine, Ankara. The items in the scale were prepared by two experienced pediatricians and revised according to feedback received from two pilot studies and experts in this field of study. A 20-item `Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness` scale (CANA-S) was developed by an expert panel. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. We also measured test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Conformity for factor analysis of the scale`s construct validity revealed a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample concordance coefficient of 0.799. For the Bartlett Sphericity test, χ2 value was 1157.750 (p < 0.01). Based on these analyses, the scale explains 44.9% of the total variance and consists of 20 items and 4 subscales. Cronbach`s alpha value and correlation coefficient were 0.768 and r=0.204 (p=0.045), respectively. This scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for evaluating awareness about child abuse and neglect among the medical students.
Oral health status in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses
Authors: Ballıkaya Elif , Eymirli Pınar Serdar , Yıldız Yılmaz , Avcu Nihal , Sivri Hatice Serap , Uzamış-Tekçiçek Meryem
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to assess oral clinical and radiological findings of patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) which are a group of rare inherited disorders of glycosaminoglycan catabolism. In this retrospective and descriptive study, records of all patients with MPS over 3 years of age managed at Division of Pediatric Metabolism, who were all referred to Department of Pediatric Dentistry for evaluation of their oral health status were assessed. Oral examinations were performed in 30 patients with determination of DMFT/S, dmft/s, dental plaque and gingival indices and panoramic radiological assessment was performed in 12 patients. Twenty-seven (90.0%) patients had dental caries and 19/21 (90.5%) had gingival inflammation. Radiological examination in 12 patients with panoramic image showed short mandibular ramus (100.0%), enlarged dental follicles (83.3%), taurodontism (75.0%), flat mandibular notch (66.7%). In association with the bone structure and morphology of the jaws, 11 patients (91.7%) had trabecular variation similar to osteoporotic disease. Condylar defect was observed in all patients, which might lead to temporomandibular joint disorders. Pulp chamber with three horns, which had never been reported in MPS before, was observed in panoramic images of 2 of 7 patients with MPS-VI. Oral clinical and radiological changes are very common in this population of MPS patients. These changes may impair opening of the mouth, eating and chewing and thus affect their quality of life. Regular dental counseling, preventive applications and dental treatments must be included in multidisciplinary team approach of MPS patients to provide better oral health.
Doxylamine succinate overdose: Slurred speech and visual hallucination
Authors: Derinöz-Güleryüz Okşan
Published: March 2019

Doxylamine succinate is a commonly used antihistamine for respiratory allergies including allergic rhinitis as well as for the management of insomnia. As it is available over-the-counter like other nonprescription antihistamines and sleep aids, there is a risk of overdose. It is believed that doxylamine succinate has both peripheral and central activity with its anticholinergic properties. Delirium, seizures, and coma are among the central adverse effects that are rare. This case was presented since it is the first case in the literature who developed slurred speech and visual hallucination after high dose doxylamine succinate use and received antidotal therapy for anticholinergic side effects.
Autism spectrum disorder and beta thalassemia minor: A genetic link?
Authors: Ayaydın Hamza , Takatak Hatice
Published: March 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests. Beta-thalassemia minor (BTM) is a common genetic blood disorder in Turkey. BTM is a single-gene disease that causes a decrease in beta globin production. We describe a girl aged 4 years and 4 months referred to our department due to speech delay, inability to establish social communication and overactivity. She was diagnosed with ASD according to DSM-5 criteria and Beta-thalassemia minor. Although there have been case reports of BTM with the some psychiatric conditions, to the best of our knowledge there are none concerning comorbid ASD and BTM. The aim of this report is to describe a possible genetic association between ASD and BTM since they have a common link associated with chromosome 11.
Changes in trajectories of physical growth in a domestic adoptees sample: A preliminary study
Authors: Ferrara Pietro , Cutrona Costanza , Guadagno Chiara , Amodeo Maria Elisa , Del-Vescovo Ester , Ianniello Francesca , Petitti Tommasangelo
Published: March 2019

Internationally adopted infants experienced profound institutional deprivation in early infancy. Adoption may have a positive effect on child development, providing a massive catch-up growth in the developmental parameters. In this preliminary study we examined the effect of family deprivation on abandoned children placed in high quality foster care during infancy. We also investigated the presence of a growth delay in Italian domestic adoptees at the time of family placement and the potential physical recovery after adoption. Anthropometric measures (weight, length or height /head circumference) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured on arrival (T0) and 6 (T1), 12 (T2) and 24 months (T3) after adoption. The results show moderate delays in physical growth on the children`s arrival into the adoptive family and a significant catch-up growth in all auxological parameters from T 0 to T 3 . This is one of few Italian studies that points out a positive change in trajectories of growth after child adoption.
DESIGN AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE GLICLAZIDE TRILAYER MATRIX TABLETS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Prasad B. Ram , Bhikshapathi D.V.R.N.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the present study was to develop and optimize multi-layered matrix tablets of Gliclazide trilayer tablets to achieve zero-order drug release for sustained plasma concentration. Gliclazide tablets were prepared by direct compression and consist of middle active layer with different grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K 4M, K 15M and K100M), Guar gum and Eudragit L 100. The tablets were also evaluated for physicochemical characteristics and release kinetics. The physicochemical characteristics of the prepared tablets were satisfactory. The developed drug delivery systems showed prolonged drug release rates over a period of 24 h. In vivo bioavailability studies were carried out on the optimized formulation (EF14), mean time to attain peak drug concentration (Tmax) was 6.00 ± 0.14 and 4.02 ± 0.12 h for the optimized and marketed product respectively, while mean maximum drug concentration (Cmax) was 124.80 ± 1.02 ng/ml and 95.12 ± 1.05 ng/ml respectively. AUC0-α and AUC0-t for optimized formulation was significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to marketed product. A fair correlation between the dissolution profile and bioavailability for the optimized formulation was observed. The results indicate that the approach used could lead to a successful development of a controlled release formulation of the drug. The EF14 was shown significant plasma concentration with controlled release and maintained for 24 hours with patient compliance by reducing the dosage frequency, when compared with marketed product in the efficient management of Diabetes mellitus.
ПРИНЦИПИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ НОВОГО РЕГІОНАЛІЗМУ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ СИСТЕМНОГО ПІДХОДУ
Authors: Butko Mykola , Tulchinskiy Rostislav
Published: March 2019

Обґрунтовано використання системного підходу щодо нового регіоналізму, що дає можливість розглядати його як єдиний цілісний організм із притаманними йому специфічними властивостями, якостями, зв’язками, процесами, узгодити цілі та завдання розвитку, виокремити інституціональні та управлінські детермінанти його становлення тощо.
Запропонована система принципів, яка складається із загальноекономічних принципів (науковості, комплексності, історизму, онтологічності, діалектичності, об’єктивності, збалансованості, ефективності) та специфічних принципів (безперервності, унітарності, варіантності, доцільності, адаптивності, саморозвитку, субсидіарності, транспарентності, публічності, цілеспрямованості, синергізму, аксіологічності), що максимально враховують особливості нового регіоналізму. Врахування загальноекономічних та специфічних принципів сприятиме розробленню заходів та підвищенню ефективності її дії щодо становлення нового регіоналізму.
Emergent Supramolecular Assembly Properties of Recognition-Encoded Oligoesters
Authors: Szczypiński Filip , Gabrielli Luca , Hunter Christopher
Published: March 2019

The sequences of oligomeric molecules equipped with interacting side-chains encode the three-dimensional structure, the supramolecular assembly properties, and ultimately function. In an attempt to replicate the duplex forming properties of nucleic acids, an oligoester containing an alternating sequence of hydrogen bonding donor (D) and acceptor (A) residues was synthesised. Characterisation of assembly properties of the ADAD oligomer revealed a supramolecular architecture that resembles the kissing stem-loops motif found in folded RNA. NMR dilution and melting experiments in chloroform and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane show that intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the terminal phenol and phosphine oxide recognition sites in the ADAD 4-mer leads to 1,4-folding. This folded stem-loop structure can be denatured to give the single strand by heating. At higher concentrations or lower temperatures, the stem-loop dimerises via intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the two inner recognition sites, leading to a kissing stem-loops structure. The results suggest a rich supramolecular chemistry for these recognition-encoded oligoesters and lay strong foundations for the future development of new functional materials based on synthetic information molecules.
Selecting Between Two Transition States by Which Water Oxidation Intermediates on an Oxide Surface Decay
Authors: Chen Xihan , Aschaffenburg Daniel J. , Cuk Tanja
Published: March 2019

While catalytic mechanisms on electrode surfaces have been proposed for decades, the pathways by which the product’s chemical bonds evolve from the initial charge-trapping intermediates have not been resolved in time. Here, we discover a reactive population of charge-trapping intermediates with states in the middle of a semiconductor’s band-gap to reveal the dynamics of two parallel transition state pathways for their decay. Upon photo-triggering the water oxidation reaction from the n-SrTiO3 surface with band-gap, pulsed excitation, the intermediates’ microsecond decay reflects transition state theory (TST) through: (1) two distinct and reaction dependent (pH, T, Ionic Strength, and H/D exchange) time constants, (2) a primary kinetic salt effect on each activation barrier and an H/D kinetic isotope effect on one, and (3) realistic activation barrier heights (~0.4-0.5 eV) and TST pre-factors (~1011 -1012 Hz). A photoluminescence from mid-gap states in n-SrTiO3 reveals the reaction dependent decay; the same spectrum was previously assigned by us to hole-trapping at parallel Ti-O·-Ti (bridge) and perpendicular Ti-O· (oxyl) O-sites using in-situ ultrafast vibrational and optical spectroscopy. Therefore, the two transition states are naturally associated with the decay of these respective intermediates. Furthermore, we show that reaction conditions select between the two pathways, one of which reflects a labile intermediate facing the electrolyte (the oxyl) and the other a lattice oxygen (the bridge). Altogether, we experimentally isolate an important activation barrier necessary for water oxidation, which is necessary for designing water oxidation catalysts for high O2 turn-over. Moreover, in isolating it, we identify competing mechanisms for O2 evolution at surfaces and show how to use reaction conditions to select between them.
EFFECT OF ERGONOMIC GYMNASTIC ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND LIPID PROFILE HYPERTENSION PATIENT AT SUMBER AGUNG VILLAGE, JATIREJO DISTRICT, MOJOKERTO CITY, INDONESIA
Authors: Soemah Eka Nur , Hariyanto Agus , Akbar Amar
Published: March 2019

Background : Hypertension is the most common disease found in the community. It does not only degrade the quality of life, but it can be life-threatening. Hypertension is known as heterogeneous group of disease because it can affect anyone from different age groups and various economic classes. There are two therapies for hypertension ie pharmacology and nonpharmacology. One of non-pharmacology therapy is doing ergonomic gymnastics. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of ergonomic gymnastics on blood pressure in people with hypertension in Sumber Agung Village, Jatirejo Sub-district, Mojokerto Regency.

Method : This research method used one group pre test - post test design with control group. Sampling technique used was simple random sampling, from 80-person population of hypertension patient in Sumber Agung Village Jatirejo Sub-district Mojokerto Regency and become sample number 20 respondents in treatment group, and 20 respondents in control group according to criteria. Data collection using interval scale blood presure and total cholesterol. Analysis using statistical test Paired T test and Independent T-test SPSS 17.

Result : From the analysis we got result p value 0,00 <0,05 it indacted that means of blood presure and lipid profile before ergonomic gymnastic and after ergonomic gymnastic shown significat value, it means that ergonomic gymnastic was very effective for blood pressure and lipid profile (total cholesterol).

Discussion : Ergonomic gymnastics is one of effective therapy, easy to do and useful. Because ergonomic gymnastics can make the body become relaxed and blood vessels become vasodilated so that the blood flow and oxygen supply becomes smooth and it get impact in lipid profile .

keywords : Aergonomic Gymnastic, Blood Pressure, Lipid Profile, Hipertension.
Correlation of Nutrition Status with Cognitive Development in Toddler Age Children in Mojowates Rejo Village Kemlagi Subdistrict Mojokerto Regency
Authors: Peni Tri , Santoso Windu , Utami Octavia Ayu pudji
Published: March 2019

Toddler is the most important step of all stages of development. Children of this age have tremendous potential, but the potential will arise when it comes to adequate care, health, attention, affection and education. Malnutrition in early childhood, has an impact on low cognitive abilities. The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation of nutritional status with cognitive development in toddler age children in Mojowates Rejo Village, Kemlagi Sub-district, Mojokerto Regency. The research method was analytic correlation with cross sectional approach. The population in this research were all children of toddler age in Mojowates Rejo Village Kemlagi Sub-district Mojokerto Regency in May 2017 as many as 62 children. Sampling technique used purposive sampling. The sample size were 59 people. The results of this research suggested that more than a half (61.5%) of children with obese nutritional status had good cognitive development, more than a half (61.9%) of children with normal nutritional status had adequate cognitive development, and the majority (100%) Children with thin nutritional status had less cognitive development. Data analysis used in this research was Spearman's rho test with result of Ï value was 0,010 or lessthan Î± (0,05), so H1 is accepted, meantthat there was correlation between nutritional status with cognitive development in toddler age children in Mojowates Rejo Village Kemlagi Sub-district Mojokerto Regency. Parents should provide balanced nutritional intake, control child feeding to avoid obesity, buy educative games to stimulate child development, teach nannies about stimulating child development and allow children to explore the environment without ignoring it.