bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diet and food assimilation of the Plata pompano Trachinotus marginatus Cuvier, 1832 in a subtropical sandy beach inferred by stomach content and stable isotope analyzes
Authors: Araújo Ana Luíza Santos , Garcia Adna Ferreira Silva , Albertoni Edélti Faria , Colling Leonir André , Vieira João Paes , Garcia Alexandre Miranda
Published: October 2023

Investigating trophic linkages sustaining consumers is crucial to understanding their functional ecological role in communities and ecosystems. In this work, we combined stomach content (SCA) and stable isotope (SIA) analyses to investigate the trophic ecology of the Plata pompano Trachinotus marginatus during a critical phase of its life cycle along a subtropical sandy beach. This species is a conspicuous component of the southwestern Atlantic coast and commonly targeted by coastal fisheries. The diet was described using SCA, whereas the relative importance of food sources sustaining juveniles, as well their food niche structure and trophic position (TP), were evaluated using SIA. Juveniles consumed mainly crustaceans like the hippid crab Emerita brasiliensis, although other invertebrates (annelids, insects, molluscs) and fishes (including cannibalism) were also recorded. Although microcrustaceans dominated the diet, SIA showed that more palatable preys without carapaces or shells, like fishes and annelids, were the most assimilated preys in the muscle tissue of juvenile T. marginatus. There were marked changes in their isotopic niches (SEAc) and TP across ontogeny. SEAc ranged from 1.41‰2 for smaller individuals (0–40 TL mm) to 0.3‰2 for larger individuals (>80 TL mm). TP ranged from 3.1 (95% CI 2.7–3.6) for smaller to 4.5 (95% CI 3.9–5.1) for larger individuals. SIA suggest that juvenile T. marginatus derived most of their primary nutrients from a planktonic food web and, to a lesser extent, from a benthic pathway. Future studies are needed to better understand its functional role in food web of surf-zone ecosystems.
Dosimetric comparison of sequential intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and simultaneous integrated boost IMRT for lymph node-positive cervical cancer
Authors: Mohanty Samarpita , Hajare Raghavendra , Gurram Lavanya , Aravindakshan Dheera , Midha Vanisha , Chopra Supriya , Mahantshetty Umesh
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Nodal boost is being increasingly employed to escalate the dose to involved nodes in node-positive cervical cancer. The study aimed to compare the dosimetric differences between sequential boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SeB-IMRT) and simultaneous integrated boost IMRT (SIB-IMRT) in terms of target coverage and organs-at-risk (OARs) with special emphasis on the effect of nodal shrinkage and anatomical change of normal tissues during radiotherapy.

Methods:

Two computed tomography (CT) datasets (of phase I and phase II) of 40 patients of node-positive cervical cancer treated with SeB-IMRT [planning target volume (PTV) 45/25] followed by SeB to residual nodes (PTV 12·6/7) were utilised. SIB-IMRT1 plan consisted of PTV pelvis and para-aortic nodal region (PTV 45/25) and SIB to gross nodes (PTV 55/25). In order to account for the change in nodal and normal tissue topography during treatment, a third plan (SIB-IMRT2) was generated by utilising the SIB-IMRT1 plan for 44 Gy in 20 fractions and reproducing the plan on the second CT dataset for 11 Gy in 5 fractions. Dosimetric parameters of the three plans were compared using the Friedman test with Bonferroni correction.

Results:

We observed that the doses to OARs (bowel, rectum and bladder) were significantly higher in SeB-IMRT plan as compared to the SIB-IMRT plans. V40 Gy of bowel for SeB-IMRT, SIB-IMRT1 and SIB-IMRT2 plans were 354·8 cc, 271 cc and 321·8 cc, respectively (p = 0·001), whereas V30 Gy were 687·8 cc, 635·5 cc and 680 cc, respectively (p = 0·001). The target coverage was marginally better in SeB-IMRT plan as compared to SIB-IMRT1 and SIB-IMRT2 plans (V95% = 99·2 versus 97·7 versus 97·9, respectively, p = 0·000)

Conclusion:

SIB-IMRT led to better sparing of OARs, especially bowel. However, the magnitude of benefit decreases if the change in nodal and normal tissue topography during radiotherapy is not considered implying the need for frequent image guidance when SIB-IMRT is planned for node-positive cervical cancer.
Gerechtigkeitserleben und soziale Partizipation in der Adoleszenz in inklusiven Schulen
Authors: Kobs Scarlett , Lenkeit Jenny , Spörer Nadine , Hartmann Anne , Ehlert Antje , Knigge Michel
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung: Die soziale Partizipation aller Schülerinnen und Schüler ist ein zentrales Anliegen inklusiven Lernens. Studien zum Gerechtigkeitserleben zeigen Relationen zu Facetten sozialer Partizipation von Schülerinnen und Schülern. In welchem Zusammenhang individuelle und kontextbezogene Gerechtigkeitseinschätzungen zur selbst berichteten sozialen Partizipation von Jugendlichen stehen, wurde bisher kaum betrachtet. Um dies zu untersuchen, wurden individuelle Gerechtigkeitseinschätzungen sowie die soziale Partizipation von 745 Jugendlichen inklusiver Schulen erhoben. Außerdem wurde, basierend auf Gerechtigkeitsurteilen von Lehrkräften zu Textvignetten, die Sensitivität eines Kollegiums für Bedarfsgerechtigkeit modelliert. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass sich die berücksichtigten Schulen bedeutsam in ihrer grundlegenden Sensitivität für Bedarfsgerechtigkeit unterschieden. In Mehrebenenmodellen wiesen der individuelle Gerechte-Welt-Glaube sowie die erlebte Lehrkraftgerechtigkeit der Schülerinnen und Schüler einen positiven Zusammenhang zu ihrer sozialen Partizipation auf. Außerdem zeigte sich, dass Jugendliche mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf ihre Lehrkräfte weniger gerecht erlebten als Jugendliche ohne sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf. Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass ein für alle Schülerinnen und Schüler gerecht erlebtes Schulumfeld bedeutsam für die soziale Teilhabe aller zu sein scheint.
The Importance of Dynamic Iron Deposition in Projecting Climate Change Impacts on Pacific Ocean Biogeochemistry
Authors: Drenkard Elizabeth J. , John Jasmin G. , Stock Charles A. , Lim Hyung‐Gyu , Dunne John P. , Ginoux Paul , Luo Jessica Y.
Published: October 2023

Deposition of mineral dust plays an important role in upper‐ocean biogeochemical processes, particularly by delivering iron to iron‐limited regions. Here we examine the impact of dynamically changing iron deposition on tropical Pacific Ocean biogeochemistry in fully coupled earth system model projections under several emissions scenarios. Projected end‐of‐21st‐century increases in central tropical Pacific dust and iron deposition strengthen with increasing emissions/radiative forcing, and are aligned with projected soil moisture decreases in adjacent land areas and precipitation increases over the equatorial Pacific. Increased delivery of soluble iron results in a reduction in, and eastward contraction of, equatorial Pacific phytoplankton iron limitation and shifts primary production and particulate organic carbon flux projections relative to a high emissions projection (SSP5‐8.5) wherein soluble iron deposition is prescribed as a static climatology. These results highlight modeling advances in representing coupled land‐air‐sea interactions to project basin‐scale patterns of ocean biogeochemical change.
Dynamical Response of the Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone to the Extreme Indian Ocean Dipole Events in 2016 and 2019
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Ma Wentao , Chai Fei
Published: October 2023

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) plays a crucial role in shaping local and global environments, yet its effects on interannual variability of the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (ASOMZ) remains poorly understood. Here, we used a coupled physical‐biogeochemical model to investigate the dynamical response of the ASOMZ to extreme negative (2016) and positive (2019) IOD events. Our findings revealed that the suboxic area of the ASOMZ reduced (expanded) by ∼27% (∼28%) after the negative (positive) IOD event. Compared to the 2019 pIOD event, approximately 2.5 times more oxygen‐rich water was delivered into the Arabian Sea during the 2016 nIOD event, replenishing dissolved oxygen (DO) consumed by intensified upwelling‐induced enhanced remineralization of particulate organic matter (POM), thereby increasing the DO concentration in the Gulf of Aden. Conversely, more POM from the western Arabian Sea was transported to the central Arabian Sea, leading to a subsequent decrease in DO concentration there.
A Dissection of the Inter‐Model Spread of the Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Yu Qiurun , Huang Yi
Published: October 2023

The all‐sky Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect (ADRE) varies considerably among global climate models (GCMs), which results from differences in aerosol and atmospheric states and ADRE sensitivity to aerosol‐related radiative processes. This study uses a regression method to analyze the inter‐model spread of ADRE among the GCMs of the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIP6). The key state variables examined include scattering and absorbing aerosol optical depth, surface albedo, and shortwave cloud radiative effect. We find that differences in state variables and radiative sensitivity explain 67% and 17%, respectively, of the global ADRE anomaly. The ADRE anomaly in different models is dominated by different factors, which sometimes leads to compensating effects. For the global mean ADRE anomaly, aerosol optical depth differences dominate in CNRM‐ESM2‐1 and GFDL‐ESM4 models, while ADRE sensitivity variations to aerosol‐only scattering effect dominate in HadGEM3‐GC31‐LL, MPI‐ESM‐1‐2‐HAM, and MRI‐ESM2‐0 models.
Efficiency of nitrogen, gibberellic acid and potassium on canola production under sub-tropical regions of Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Mahran , Farhat Fozia , Zulfiqar Saman , Siddiqui Mohammad Aquil , Asim Muhammad , Sial Mahboob Ali
Published: October 2023

The global demand for crop production is rapidly growing due to the continued rise in world population. Crop productivity varies generally with soil nutrient profile and climate. The optimal use of fertilizers might help to attain higher crop yield in canola. To circumvent nutrient imbalance issues in soil, two separate field trials were conducted to determine (a) the best source of nitrogen (N) between ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), (b) significance of gibberellic acid (GA3) and potassium (K), in an attempt to enhance canola yield and yield attributes. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The nitrogen source in the form of NH4)2SO4 (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and NH4NO3 (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha) was applied in the rhizosphere after 3 and 7 weeks of sowing, referred to as experiment 1 (E1). In another separate experiment (E2), the canola crop was sprayed with four level of GA3 (0, 10, 15, 30 g/ha) and K (0, 2.5, 3.5, 6 g/ha) individually or in combination by using hydraulic spryer, 30 days after sowing (DAS). The data was collected at different growth stages of canola and analyzed statistically. The E1 trail showed that N fortification in the form of NH4NO3 (100 kg/ha) and (NH4)2SO4 (30 kg/ha) had a positive effect on the plant height, number of branches, fruiting zone, seed yield per plant, seed yield per hectare of canola except oil percentage. Moreover, canola plants (E2) also displayed a significant improvement on all studied features with high doses of GA3 (30 g/ha) and K (6 g/ha) individualy and in combined form. The correlation coefficient analysis of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 was highly significant to plant height, number of branches, fruiting zone, seed yield per plant, seed yield per hectare of canola In a nutshell, compared to both source of N, NH4NO3 was more efficient and readily available source of N. GA3 being a growth elicitor and potassium as a micronutrient serve as potential source to improve yield and to manage nutrient profile of canola.
Hydrogen sulfide and polysulfides induce GABA/glutamate/d-serine release, facilitate hippocampal LTP, and regulate behavioral hyperactivity
Authors: Furuie Hiroki , Kimura Yuka , Akaishi Tatsuhiro , Yamada Misa , Miyasaka Yoshiki , Saitoh Akiyoshi , Shibuya Norihiro , Watanabe Akiko , Kusunose Naoki , Mashimo Tomoji , Yoshikawa Takeo , Yamada Mitsuhiko , Abe Kazuho , Kimura Hideo
Published: October 2023

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and polysulfides (H2Sn, n ≥ 2) are signaling molecules produced by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) that play various physiological roles, including the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a synaptic model of memory formation, by enhancing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity. However, the presynaptic action of H2S/H2Sn on neurotransmitter release, regulation of LTP induction, and animal behavior are poorly understood. Here, we showed that H2S/H2S2 applied to the rat hippocampus by in vivo microdialysis induces the release of GABA, glutamate, and d-serine, a co-agonist of NMDA receptors. Animals with genetically knocked-out 3MST and the target of H2S2, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels, revealed that H2S/H2S2, 3MST, and TRPA1 activation play a critical role in LTP induction, and the lack of 3MST causes behavioral hypersensitivity to NMDA receptor antagonism, as in schizophrenia. H2S/H2Sn, 3MST, and TRPA1 channels have therapeutic potential for psychiatric diseases and cognitive deficits.
Influence of gingival display on smile attractiveness assessed by Saudi Arabian laypersons and dental professionals
Authors: Alaqeely Razan , AlRowis Raed , AlSeddiq Amal , AlShehri Fahad , Aldosari Mohammad
Published: October 2023

This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of changes in the gingival display of the maxillary teeth on smile attractiveness assessed by Saudi Arabian dental professionals and laypeople. A total of 138 dental professional and 182 laypeople rated the attractiveness of male and female smiles in a computerized survey. A smiling photograph of a male and a female dental students were selected and digitally manipulated to create changes the amount of gingival display from 4 mm of gingival display to 4mm of gingival covered by the upper lip in 1 mm increments. Each photo was accompanied by a visual analog scale (VAS) for rating. Among dental professionals, 61% rated the female photo with a 1-mm low lip line as the most attractive smile (VAS score ± SE, 7.3 ± 3.18), while 52.7% of laypeople considered the smile with a 2-mm low lip line as the most attractive (6.7 ± 3.4). Regarding male smile photos, 61.6% of dental professionals found the 1-mm low lip line the most attractive (7.3 ± 3.18). The same rating was given by 48.3% of laypeople (6.1 ± 3.6) (p ≤ 0.009). The least attractive smile photo was the smile showing 4 mm of gingiva for male and female smiles. More than half of the laypeople believed that an attractive smile highly affects social life and communication. The Saudi Arabian population appears to be sensitive to the amount of gingival display. The difference in female smile assessment between dental professionals and laypeople highlights the importance of dentist-patient consensus regarding decisions for esthetic treatments. Esthetic treatment is of a major concern for both dentist and patient. The careful assessment of smile pillars including gingival display must be tailored to each patient.
Research on dynamic response characteristics of normal fault footwall working face and rock burst prevention technology under the influence of the gob area
Authors: Tai Lianhai , Li Chong , Gu Shitan , Yu Xiaoxiao , Xu Zhijun , Sun Lei
Published: October 2023

To study the effect of mining dynamic response characteristics on the footwall working face of the normal fault under the influence of the gob area, theoretical research, indoor experiment, and numerical simulation are adopted to analyze the stress manifestation characteristics, overburden movement, and energy evolution characteristics during the process of mining. The results show that: (1) In the process of mining toward the fault, the working face shows the change characteristics of “stable-activation mutation-final stability”. At 20 m from the fault, the arch structure of the working face was damaged, fissures appeared near the high fault fracture zone, and the displacement of the overburden rock increased significantly; (2) the maximum value was reached at 4–8 m from the coal wall, and the superposition of tectonic stress and mining stress led to the concentration of the stress and energy accumulating on the top plate near the fault, and the data close to the gob area were even larger; (3) If the plastic damage zone of the high-level rock layer on the hanging wall and footwall of the fault appears to have a wide range of penetration, and the area formed between the shear displacement curve of the fault plane and the X-axis appears to have a significant enhancement, it is considered that the fault has been activated; (4) The size of the coal pillar of the fault is determined to be 40 m, and combined with the pressure unloading technique of the variable-diameter drilling hole, the validation is carried out through the micro-vibration monitoring, and the results of which can be used as a reference for the safety of the working face under similar conditions.
Climate and COVID-19 transmission: a cross-sectional study in Africa
Authors: Koanda Ousmane , Yonaba Roland , Tazen Fowé , Karoui Héla , Sidibé Mohamed Lamine , Lèye Babacar , Diop Mamadou , Andrianisa Harinaivo Anderson , Karambiri Harouna
Published: October 2023

The role of climate in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission appears to be controversial, as reported in earlier studies. In Africa, the subject is poorly documented. In this study, over the period from January 1st, 2020 to September 31, 2022, the daily variations in cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 for each African country (54 countries) are modelled through time-series-based approaches and using meteorological factors as covariates. It is suggested from the findings that climate plays a role in COVID-19 transmission since at least one meteorological factor is found to be significant in 32 countries. In decreasing order, the most often occurring meteorological factors are dewpoint temperature, relative and absolute humidity, average temperature and solar radiation. Most of these factors show a lagged effect with confirmed cases (between 0 and 28 days). Also, some meteorological factors exhibit contrasting effects on COVID-19 transmission, resulting in both positive and negative association with cumulative cases, therefore highlighting the complex nature of the interplay between climate and COVID-19 transmission.
Microwave-assisted of new derivatives of polyimine conjugated polymer based on Schiff base: synthesis, characterization, and photo-physical properties as a photoluminescent materials
Authors: Kenawy El-Refaie , Ghazy Ahmed R. , Rizk Hala F. , Shendy S.
Published: October 2023

The condensation of pyrrole-2,5-dicarbaldehyde (1) with 5-(2-amino-4-phenylthiazol-5-yl)-4-phenylthiazol-2-amine (2) and/or 5-(4-Amino-phenyl)-4-phenylthiazol-2-amine (3) gave new poly(Z)-N-((5-(iminomethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-5-(2-((E)-(5-(iminomethyl)-I-pyrrol-2-yl)methyleneamino)-4-phenylthiazol-5-yl)-4-phenylthiaol-2-amine (P1) and/or poly(E)-N-((5-(iminomethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-5-(4-((E)-(5-(iminomethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyleneamino)phenyl)-4-phenylthiaol-2-amine (P2) as a novel conjugated polymer by microwave irradiation and traditional heating.. It is evident that the microwave irradiation technique quickly raised the molecular weight of polyimines. In addition to quantifying the molecular weight of the resultant polyimines. All the polyimines were characterized using FTIR, XRD, H1NMR, TGA, and DSC. The optical characteristics of polyimine derivatives were investigated using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The absorption spectra showed a main absorption band around 372 nm for polyimine (P1) and 381 nm for polyimine (P2). The optical energy was calculated and found to be 2.49 and 2.68 eV. The photoluminescence of the polyimine derivatives was measured and analyzed by spectrofluorometer and Laser photoluminescence experiment and the emission color was studied using CIE graphs. The fluorescence spectra showed an emission peak at 548 nm for polyimine (P1) with yellow green color in CIE graph, while for polyimine (P2) the emission band was located at 440.5 nm with blue color in CIE graph. Photoluminescence quantum yield PLQY was measured for the polyimine P1 and P2 in both liquid and Solid states and indicated the AIE behavior of the polyimines. TD-DFT simulations were applied to the polyimine derivatives where the structures were geometrically optimized and the spectroscopic characterizations were evaluated.
MultiCOVID: a multi modal deep learning approach for COVID-19 diagnosis
Authors: Hardy-Werbin Max , Maiques José Maria , Busto Marcos , Cirera Isabel , Aguirre Alfons , Garcia-Gisbert Nieves , Zuccarino Flavio , Carbullanca Santiago , Del Carpio Luis Alexander , Ramal Didac , Gayete Ángel , Martínez-Roldan Jordi , Marquez-Colome Albert , Bellosillo Beatriz , Gibert Joan
Published: October 2023

The rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 led to a global overextension of healthcare. Both Chest X-rays (CXR) and blood test have been demonstrated to have predictive value on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis on different prevalence scenarios. With the objective of improving and accelerating the diagnosis of COVID-19, a multi modal prediction algorithm (MultiCOVID) based on CXR and blood test was developed, to discriminate between COVID-19, Heart Failure and Non-COVID Pneumonia and healthy (Control) patients. This retrospective single-center study includes CXR and blood test obtained between January 2017 and May 2020. Multi modal prediction models were generated using opensource DL algorithms. Performance of the MultiCOVID algorithm was compared with interpretations from five experienced thoracic radiologists on 300 random test images using the McNemar–Bowker test. A total of 8578 samples from 6123 patients (mean age 66 ± 18 years of standard deviation, 3523 men) were evaluated across datasets. For the entire test set, the overall accuracy of MultiCOVID was 84%, with a mean AUC of 0.92 (0.89–0.94). For 300 random test images, overall accuracy of MultiCOVID was significantly higher (69.6%) compared with individual radiologists (range, 43.7–58.7%) and the consensus of all five radiologists (59.3%, P < .001). Overall, we have developed a multimodal deep learning algorithm, MultiCOVID, that discriminates among COVID-19, heart failure, non-COVID pneumonia and healthy patients using both CXR and blood test with a significantly better performance than experienced thoracic radiologists.
Fluoroquinolone and beta-lactam antimicrobials induce different transcriptome profiles in Salmonella enterica persister cells
Authors: Mattiello S. P. , Barth V. C. , Scaria J. , Ferreira C. A. S. , Oliveira S. D.
Published: October 2023

Here, we investigate the transcriptome profiles of two S. Enteritidis and one S. Schwarzengrund isolates that present different persister levels when exposed to ciprofloxacin or ceftazidime. It was possible to note a distinct transcript profile among isolates, time of exposure, and treatment. We could not find a commonly expressed transcript profile that plays a role in persister formation after S. enterica exposure to beta-lactam or fluoroquinolone, as only three DEGs presented the same behavior under the conditions and isolates tested. It appears that the formation of persisters in S. enterica after exposure to ciprofloxacin is linked to the overexpression of genes involved in the SOS response (recA), cell division inhibitor (sulA), iron-sulfur metabolism (hscA and iscS), and type I TA system (tisB). On the other hand, most genes differentially expressed in S. enterica after exposure to ceftazidime appeared to be downregulated and were part of the flagellar assembly apparatus, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, carbon metabolism, bacterial secretion system, quorum sensing, pyruvate metabolism pathway, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The different transcriptome profiles found in S. enterica persisters induced by ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime suggest that these cells modulate their response differently according to each stress.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of food handling practices in Ghana vis-a-vis the associated factors among food handlers during 2009 and 2022
Authors: Tuglo Lawrence Sena , Mishra Snehasish , Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Kortei Nii Korley , Nsor-Atindana John , Mulugeta Henok , Lu Qingyun , Kwabla Mavis Pearl , Patu Agabus Tetteh , Chaudhuri Tania , Tuglo Jessica Dzigbordi , Das Subrata Narayan , Sakre Sylvia Mawusinu , Affram Komla Sylvester , Doku Alfred
Published: October 2023

Foodborne diseases (FBDs) are a major public health concern, especially in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, such as Ghana, where poor food handling practices (FHPs) are prevalent. To estimate the pooled proportion of good FHPs and the associated factors among Ghanaian food handlers, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to aid scholars, practitioners and policymakers in devising FBD-preventable interventions. The scientific databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, African Journals Online, ProQuest, and Directory of Open Access Journals were systematically searched until April 19, 2023, for relevant literature. Observational studies meeting the inclusion criteria of reported good FHPs among food handlers were included. Three authors independently searched the database, assessed the risks of bias and extracted the data from the shortlisted articles. A random-effects model with the DerSimonian and Laird model was used to estimate the pooled effect size of FHPs and the pooled odds ratio (POR) of FHP-associated factors. Out of the 2019 records collated, 33 with a total sample size of 6095 food handlers met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of good FHPs among Ghanaian food handlers was 55.8% [95% Cl (48.7, 62.8%); I2 = 97.4%; p < 0.001]. Lack of food safety training [POR = 0.10; 95% CI (0.03, 0.35); p = 0.001] and inadequate knowledge of food hygiene [POR = 0.36; 95% CI (0.01, 10.19); p < 0.001] were identified as the critical good FHP-associated factors. The study showed that the proportion of good FHPs among Ghanaian food handlers was 55.8%. To increase knowledge of food hygiene among food handlers, the Ghanaian Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) is recommended to provide regular training on food safety for the well-being of the general public.
Chemistry of Semiconductors
Authors: Pizzini Sergio
Published: October 2023

Silicon, germanium, and compound semiconductors, among which silicon carbide, gallium arsenide and gallium nitride are the most representative examples, play a withstanding role in the world economy, since they were and still are the keys for the advancement of modern microelectronics and optoelectronics, with a wealth of sister technologies relevant for renewable energy solutions and advanced spectroscopy applications.

This textbook will cover the synthesis, spectroscopic characterisation and optimisation of semiconductor materials, accounting for the most recent developments in the field of nanomaterials. It will be of great interest for scholars and instructors to have the chance to look at semiconductor science with a basic chemical approach.

Homopolar semiconductors (silicon and germanium) are examined first, considering the role of these materials in modern microelectronics and in photovoltaics. Compound semiconductors (for example, carbides, arsenides, tellurides, nitrides) are also discussed in detail, considering that the chemistry of their preparation is even more critical and their role in photonic applications is strategic.

Authored by a leading expert in the field, this easily accessible text is appropriate for advanced undergraduates and postgraduates studying materials science and technology.
Bimetal synergistically regulates Ni and P oxidation states for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Di , Liu Mengzhao , Sun Zhe , Zhang Chaofan , Cui Wenguang , He Chaozhen , Zhao Zhongkui
Published: October 2023

Fe and Mn bimetal synergistically regulated reconstruction of Ni2P by electrochemical oxidation creates an excellent oxygen evolution catalyst in alkaline electrolyte, providing an effective method for highly efficient nonprecious metal catalysts.
In situ Ga K-edge XANES study of Ga-exchanged zeolites at high temperatures under different atmospheres including vacuum, CO, and pressurized H2
Authors: Huang Mengwen , Kinjo Tetsuya , Yasumura Shunsaku , Toyao Takashi , Matsumura Daiju , Saitoh Hiroyuki , Shimizu Ken-ichi , Namiki Norikazu , Maeno Zen
Published: October 2023

In situ Ga K-edge XANES analysis of Ga-exchanged zeolite was performed under actual operating temperatures and different atmospheres. The main absorption peak intensity was responsible for the presence or absence of a hydride source in the gas phase.
Design of polymetallic sulfide NiS2@Co4S3@FeS as bifunctional catalyst for high efficiency seawater splitting
Authors: Chen Mingshuai , Wu Guangping , Du Xiaoqiang , Zhang Xiaoshuang
Published: October 2023

This work describes the use of NiS2@Co4S3@FeS as a catalyst, which provides a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a required potential of only 1.587 V, with an emphasis on its remarkable OER selectivity for seawater splitting.
Rhodium complexes with planar-chiral cyclopentadienyl ligands: synthesis from tert-butylacetylene and catalytic performance in C–H activation of arylhydroxamates
Authors: Kolos Andrey V. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Podyacheva Evgeniya S. , Perekalin Dmitry S.
Published: October 2023

Rhodium complexes with various planar-chiral cyclopentadienyl ligands were synthesized in 1–3 steps by the unusual 2 + 2 + 1-cyclotrimerization of tert-butylacetylene.
PEGylated Dmoc phosphoramidites for sensitive oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis
Authors: Chillar Komal , Yin Yipeng , Apostle Alexander , Fang Shiyue
Published: October 2023

Using PEGylated Dmoc (pDmoc) phosphoramidites for oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) synthesis increases the solubility of ODN on solid support and enables the synthesis of longer sensitive ODNs.
C(21)-Di- and monofluorinated scaffold for thevinol/orvinol-based opioid receptor ligands
Authors: Zelentsova Maria V. , Sandulenko Irina V. , Ambartsumyan Asmik A. , Danshina Anastasia A. , Moiseev Sergey K.
Published: October 2023

Preparations of 21,21-difluorothevinone, 21-fluorothevinone, and 21,21-difluorothevinols, precursors of opioid receptor ligands, are reported.
Genome-driven discovery of new serrawettin W2 analogues from Serratia fonticola DSM 4576
Authors: Qiu Haolin , Xiao Yang , Shen Ling , Han Tao , He Qiang , Li Aiying , Zhang Peng , Cai Xiaofeng
Published: October 2023

By expressing a multimodular NRPS gene sefA from Serratia fonticola DSM 4576 in E. coli, four new serrawettin W2 analogues, namely sefopeptides A–D (1–4), were isolated and structurally characterized and their biosynthesis was proposed.
Novel quinoxaline-3-propanamides as VGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers
Authors: Ismail Magda M. F. , Shawer Taghreed Z. , Ibrahim Rabab S. , Abusaif Mostafa S. , Kamal Mona M. , Allam Rasha M. , Ammar Yousry A.
Published: October 2023

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 is a vital target for therapeutic mediation in various types of cancer.
Highly regioselective 6-exo-dig iodo/bromo cyclizations of functionalized 5-amino propargyl pyrimidinones: an efficient synthesis of functionalized pteridines
Authors: Naikoo Rayees Ahmad , Kumar Rupesh , Sharma Rashmi , Mahajan Dinesh , Bhargava Gaurav
Published: October 2023

This work describes the highly regio-selective 6-exo-dig iodo/bromo cyclization of functionalized N-propagyl-aminopyrimidinones with good to excellent yields under ambient conditions.
OER catalytic performance of a composite catalyst comprising multi-layer thin flake Co3O4 and PPy nanofibers
Authors: Ai Honglin , Fan Liquan , Wang Yuwei , Wang Ziteng , Zhang Haiming , Zhao Juan , Jiao Meiye , Lv Boyu , Han Xianxin
Published: October 2023

Through synergy between multi-layer Co3O4 and PPy nanofibers, our catalyst optimizes structure, harnessing rich Co3O4 sites and PPy flexibility for enhanced OER catalytic performance.
Deep Neck Contouring: Indications and Techniques
Authors: Bogari Ahmad , Cakmak Ozcan
Published: October 2023

A deep comprehension of key anatomical issues, along with the targeted application of suitable therapies, is vital for attaining exceptional neck contours. Traditional surgical approaches often focus solely on modifying subcutaneous fat and, occasionally, the platysma muscle, neglecting subplatysmal structures. This narrow focus may yield less-than-ideal results and potentially exacerbate existing issues, leading to additional contour abnormalities that prove challenging to correct. In fact, in most cases, there are additional factors deep to the platysma—such as subplatysmal fat, the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles, perihyoid fascia, and the submandibular glands—that contribute to obtuse neck contours. For these patients, accessing the neck through a submental incision allows for precise management of these deep neck structures as required. Unfamiliarity with deep anatomical structures can deter surgeons from performing subplatysmal procedures due to unwarranted concerns about increased complication risks. However, both published clinical series and our clinical experience indicate favorable long-term outcomes with natural, refined, harmonious neck contours and a minimal rate of complications. This article serves as a comprehensive guide, describing indications, strategies, and providing a step-by-step description of the senior author's techniques for mastering deep neck contouring.
Development of a Practical Synthetic Method for Clinical Candidate 3-(2-{3-[(2,4-Diamino-6-ethylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxy]propoxy} phenyl)propanoic acid (P218) and Its Hydroxylated Metabolites
Authors: Srimongkolpithak Nitipol , Vorasin Onanong , Phumjan Tanawat , Saepua Siriporn , Iwaniuk Daniel , Kamchonwongpaisan Sumalee , Yuthavong Yongyuth , Thongpanchang Chawanee
Published: October 2023

3-(2-{3-[(2,4-Diamino-6-ethylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxy]propoxy}phenyl)propanoic acid, known as P218, has demonstrated great potency and safety in preclinical and human studies. However, the previous synthetic methods for P218 gave low yields and required hazardous reagents and challenging procedures. In this study, we have successfully developed a decagram-scale synthetic route for P218 with practical and scalable methods for large-scale production. Furthermore, this is also a first report of a novel synthetic approach for P218-OH, a hydroxylated metabolite of P218, by modification of our discovery route. Our synthetic procedures for P218 and P218-OH are a significant advancement in drug development processes, including manufacturing processes and drug metabolism studies.
Eight Years Experience of Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Rezazadehkermani Mohammad , Algharah Ali Abdulridha Abbas , Bananzadeh Alimohammad , Shahidinia Seyedeh Saeideh , Haghazali Mehrdad
Published: October 2023

Introduction Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM) is a minimally invasive method for management of different proctologic conditions. Despite widespread use of this method, it is not used widely in Iran. This report is about to describe the application of TEM in managing different proctologic conditions in a tertiary colorectal referral center in Iran regarding methods and complications.

Methods All of the patients' documents such as procedure, method, early postop complications and further operations were actively reviewed and the data were entered in to the database.

Results Since 2012 till the end of 2020 chart review was done and 150 cases of TEM operation were found. The most frequent procedure that was done was resection procedure. Using different energy devices during surgery or suturing versus not suturing the defect were not associated with complication. There was a case of in hospital mortality and one case delayed perianal fistula following TEM. Measurement of lesion distance from anal verge was not significantly different using TEM or colonoscopy. Villous adenomas detected in colonoscopy were mostly associated with malignancy. In evaluated resected lesions most of cases had free base and distance from anal verge or using different energy devices were not associated with obtaining free base.

Conclusion TEM is a safe minimal invasive procedure with acceptable complications that could be helped in managing different proctologic conditions and the results of reviewing our patients revealed the same results that is reported from other colorectal centers.
The sub-dimensions of metacognition and their influence on modeling competency
Authors: Hidayat Riyan , Hermandra  , Ying Sharon Tie Ding
Published: October 2023

Mathematical modeling is indeed a versatile skill that goes beyond solving real-world problems. Numerous studies show that many students struggle with the intricacies of mathematical modeling and find it a challenging and complex task. One important factor related to mathematical modeling is metacognition which can significantly impact expert and student success in a modeling task. However, a notable gap of research has been identified specifically in relation to the influence of metacognition in mathematical modeling. The study’s main goal was to assess whether the different sub-dimensions of metacognition can predict the sub-constructs of a student’s modeling competence: horizontal and vertical mathematization. The study used a correlational research design and involved 538 participants who were university students studying mathematics education in Riau Province, Indonesia. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS version 18.0 to evaluate the proposed model. The measurement model used to assess metacognition and modeling ability showed a satisfactory fit to the data. The study found that the direct influence of awareness on horizontal mathematization was insignificant. However, the use of cognitive strategies, planning, and self-checking had a significant positive effect on horizontal mathematization. Concerning vertical mathematization, the direct effect of cognitive strategy, planning, and awareness was insignificant, but self-checking was positively related to this type of mathematization. The results suggest that metacognition, i.e., awareness and control over a person’s thinking processes, plays an important role in modeling proficiency. The research implies valuable insights into metacognitive processes in mathematical modeling, which could inform teaching approaches and strategies for improving mathematical modeling. Further studies can build on these findings to deepen our understanding of how cognitive strategies, planning, self-assessment, and awareness influence mathematical modeling in both horizontal and vertical contexts.
Adjectival intensification in West Germanic
Authors: Van Olmen Daniel
Published: October 2023

This article investigates the forms and functions of adjectival intensification in West Germanic. With corpus data
from different discourse types, we challenge claims that German tends to use synthetic means and Dutch is between German and
English but more like English in its preference for analytic ones. Our results show that all three languages, and Afrikaans too,
favor analytic intensifiers but also that only English employs synthetic ones to a lesser extent. The other languages are found to
use synthetic forms more especially in literature. The study also offers corpus-based support for an earlier hypothesis that both
English and German prefer amplifying to downtoning adjectives. We show that this tendency exists more pronouncedly in Afrikaans
and Dutch too and that English speech stands out with more functionally ambiguous intensifiers. The article also explores possible
explanations for its findings in (dis)similarities in word formation, discourse types’ linguistic potential and politeness
Micromachining of nickel and nickel-based alloy surfaces using composite signal
Authors: Wang Xin , Peng Yan
Published: October 2023

Electrochemical micromachining refers an unconventional technology in the field of machining. With this technology, the ultrashort pulse power supplies are extensively used to address the issue of excessive machining of non-processing areas. However, the reduction of pulse duration is the only effective strategy to enhance the processing accuracy in ultra-short pulse electrochemical microfabrication. Nonetheless, the high cost of equipment and unsuitability in practical production has limited its progress. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes the use of a composite signal in electrochemical micromachining instead of ultrashort pulses. By changing the signal waveform during machining, the energy required for processing can be reduced with the same electromotive force input, thereby reducing the current used to decompose the anode in the circuit and effectively improving machining accuracy. This approach was employed to manufacture micro-structures on a pure nickel sheet, achieving micron-scale accuracy. Moreover, the same level of superior machining accuracy can be achieved when machining micro-structures on hard-to-cut super alloy plates.
Fault diagnosis method of weak vibration signal based on improved VMD and MCKD
Authors: Ke Zeyang , Liu Hanzhong , Shi Jianquan , Shi Bojun
Published: October 2023

During the manufacturing process of electronic equipment, objects such as tin beads and glue blocks may be left in the electronic equipment, causing failure of the electronic equipment. This paper uses experimental equipment to collect weak vibration signals on the surface of electronic equipment. In view of the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of the vibration signal and its easy to be masked by strong background noise, a fault diagnosis method of weak vibration signal based on improved variational mode decomposition (VMD) and maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolution (MCKD) is proposed. Cosine factors and adaptive weights are introduced to improve the convergence accuracy of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The envelope spectrum peak factor is used as the adaptability function of the improved whale algorithm (IWOA) to optimize the parameters of VMD and MCKD. Firstly, based on the decomposition results of weak fault signals by IWOA-VMD, the optimal modal components are selected. Secondly, the fault impact component in the optimal modal component is enhanced based on the IWOA-MCKD algorithm. Finally, the fault characteristic frequency is extracted through the envelope spectrum. The feasibility and superiority of the proposed optimization method are verified through simulation signal analysis and actual case study.
Sky-view images aided NLOS detection and suppression for tightly coupled GNSS/INS system in urban canyon areas
Authors: Wang Jingrong , Liu Jingnan , Zhang Shoujian , Xu Bo , Luo Yarong , Jin Ronghe
Published: October 2023

Although the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and inertial navigation system (INS) integration framework has many advantages compared to the standalone GNSS and INS systems, its accuracy can be severely degraded in urban canyon areas, due to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signals. Detection and suppression of NLOS signals are the key to improving the location accuracy of urban areas. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for NLOS detection using the improved region growing algorithm on sky-view images captured by a fish-eye camera. After obtaining NLOS detection results, this paper constructs a weighted model with an adaptive scale factor to suppress the influence of NLOS signals. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the performance of NLOS detection and suppression. On this basis, a tightly coupled GNSS/INS integration system based on an extended Kalman filter is developed and tested on the vehicle equipment. Results show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional GNSS single point positioning (SPP) and tightly coupled GNSS SPP/INS integration on positioning accuracy. The root mean square error can be reduced by 33.7% and 24.6% in the north and east directions respectively. It indicates that the tightly coupled GNSS SPP/INS integration aided by the fish-eye camera has certain research value and potential on positioning in urban canyon areas.
The growth status and functions of olfactory ensheathing cells cultured on randomly oriented and aligned type-I-collagen-based nanofibrous scaffolds
Authors: Liu Yugang , Wang Yansong , Wang Ying , Zhou Jihui , Ding Wenyuan
Published: October 2023

Aim. The potential of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) as a cell therapy for spinal cord reconstruction and regeneration after injury has drawn significant attention in recent years. This study attempted to investigate the influences of nano-fibrous scaffolds on the growth status and functional properties of OECs. Methods. The ultra-morphology of the scaffolds was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To culture OECs, donated cells were subcultured and identified with p75. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and survival rates were measured through MTT assay, Annexin-V/PI staining, and p75 cell counting, respectively. The adhesion of cells cultured on scaffolds was observed using SEM. Additionally, the functions of OECs cultured on scaffolds were assessed by testing gene expression levels through real time polymerase chain reaction. Results. The electrospun type I collagen-based nano-fibers exhibited a smooth surface and uniform distribution. It was indicated that the proliferation and survival rates of OECs cultured on both randomly oriented and aligned type I collagen-based nano-fibrous scaffolds were higher than those observed in the collagen-coated control. Conversely, apoptosis rates were lower in cells cultured on scaffolds. Furthermore, OEC adhesion was better on the scaffolds than on the control. The expression levels of target genes were significantly elevated in cells cultured on scaffolds versus the controls. Conclusion. As a whole, the utilization of aligned collagen nanofibers has demonstrated significant advantages in promoting cell growth and improving cell function. These findings have important implications for the field of regenerative medicine and suggest that the approach may hold promise for the future therapeutic applications.
One setup for many experiments: enabling versatile student-led investigations
Authors: Pols Freek
Published: October 2023

This article presents an experimental setup capable of conducting various experiments. The setup is used to accurately determine the acceleration due to gravity using either the pendulum or free fall experiment, as well as to allow students to conceive and conduct their own experiment. We discuss the design of the setup and the experiments conducted with it, highlighting the versatility and potential use for open inquiry. We include students’ perception on this particular experiment and how it led to an interesting and educational open inquiry.