bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El estado de alarma: desde el origen al Covid-19
Authors: Presno Linera Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2021

Como es sabido, el pasado 14 de marzo de 2020 se declaró el estado de alarma por segunda vez en la reciente historia constitucional española. En este texto se analiza el origen y el desarrollo legislativo del estado de alarma, la declaración de este estado en 2010 para resolver el caos creado por la huelga de controladores aéreos y la reciente declaración para hacer frente a la crisis sanitaria causada por el Covid- 19. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre el estado de alarma en la llamada sociedad del riesgo global.
Discriminación y manifestaciones religiosas en el deporte profesional
Authors: Briones Martínez Irene María
Published: June 2021

Las manifestaciones religiosas de las personas, deportistas o no, forman parte del ejercicio de la libertad religiosa, que como raíz de las libertades implica a la conciencia y a la libertad de expresión. En el caso de los deportistas profesionales, nos encontramos con prohibiciones que defienden un lugar aséptico de ideologías y creencias para crear un espacio de identidad compuesto de valores comunes que contribuyan a la paz y al desarrollo. El conflicto es evidente, las libertades individuales de personas con una identidad propia frente a un mundo aséptico que intenta demostrar que existe una finalidad legítima. Este trabajo trata los supuestos de discriminación directa e indirecta que sufren los deportistas y las vías de solución posibles como la conciliación, la acomodación razonable y el arbitraje, partiendo de que la dignidad humana debe ser el fundamento de referencia para dar cohesión en una sociedad donde las libertades en materia de religión y de creencias entran en conflicto.
¿Son transparentes las empresas que reciben subvenciones? El impacto social en España y su evaluación
Authors: Martínez Laguna Luis , Urquía Grande Elena , Palomo Zurdo Ricardo
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo aborda como objetivo principal la propuesta de un modelo, al que denominaremos “Transparencia de las Empresas que reciben Subvenciones” (TESUB), que posteriormente se aplicará para valorar cómo se está realizando la comunicación de la información en estas entidades privadas cuando el órgano concedente sea una administración pública. Se ha configurado una propuesta previa de indicadores, que se han contrastado con los indicadores del sistema español de acreditación de la transparencia, para configurar un modelo que también posibilite una certificación en transparencia. Se pueden agrupar en tres áreas de transparencia, la relacionada con información obligatoria a publicar en base al nuevo contexto de la ley de transparencia, la conectada con información publicada, en el contexto de los principios de transparencia y prevención de la corrupción para las empresas (Transparencia Internacional-España) y la ligada con información voluntaria publicada, que desarrolla principalmente las tres dimensiones de la responsabilidad social corporativa. La Metodología de Evaluación y Seguimiento de la Transparencia de la Actividad pública (MESTA) se ha tomado como un modelo de referencia para diseñar TESUB, como modelo propio para las entidades privadas, para dotarle de mayor potencia metodológica y contar con un instrumento de medición tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo, con valoraciones que atiendan a la calidad de la información suministrada y al soporte web. TESUB posibilita la valoración de la transparencia en sentido amplio, ya que calcula tres índices de evaluación que aportan mediciones específicas en cada bloque, que a su vez se pueden ir agregando, pero también los datos por componentes de la publicidad activa nos permitirán identificar áreas de mejora.
Georges Séféris et la littérature française aux années de sa formation poétique: témoignages de la correspondance avec sa sœur
Authors: García Amorós Maila
Published: June 2021

Georges Séféris fut l'un des poètes grecs les plus importants du XXe siècle. Lauréat du prix Nobel de littérature en 1963, son œuvre est devenue mondialement connue et fut traduite dans de nombreuses langues. La forte influence que les auteurs du Romantisme et du Symbolisme français eurent dans sa formation et dans son œuvre poétique plus tard est évidente dans la correspondance que le poète entretient avec sa sœur Jeanne pendant les années qu'il fut étudiant à Paris. L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser la manière dont la littérature française consolide les bases de la formation poétique du jeune Séféris.
Smartphone application for Self - Management Diabetes: A review
Authors: Abusham Eimad Abdu , Al. Zaabi Aisha M.
Published: June 2021

In these days, Smartphone application plays an important role that has an impact effect on the users. Cell phones are an essential tool in our daily lives because they provide many communication and fun services. Therefore, it can be a powerful tool for helping the patient who has diabetes. This research paper aims to develop a smartphone application for the self-management of diabetes patient activities. It also seeks to monitor the diabetes patient status and through the smartphone application. The paper reviews the available applications on the smartphone and articles published in the online resources database. The review papers covered various applications to support the self-management tasks such as diet, blood testing, education, exercises, alter, etc. The critical analysis indicates that mobile applications have been improving patients' positive behavior to have the self-management of diabetes. Using the application is a handy tool to change the attitude in self-care activities related to diabetes management and increased user stratification.
Viability of Robots in Improving Autistic Student’s Engagement and Happiness When Learning
Authors: Yousif Mohammed
Published: June 2021

The adoption of robotics in other industries is increasing exponentially at a rapid pace due to increased interest in the field. Advancements in robotic technology allow them to be more capable in teaching a variety of topics while costing much less than even just a decade ago. This means that robots are more ready than ever before to be deployed globally in the educational space. The aim of paper is to check the viability of robots in improving autistic students’ engagement and happiness, rather than just their performance. 6 autistic students aged 7 – 12 took part in this experiment (4 male and 2 female). Several different structured scenarios and tasks were used to evaluate the student’s happiness and engagement on a scale of five. It was found that the children showed an improvement of 144% across the board, when comparing the happiness score and an increase of 61.4% for the students’ engagement score. It was also found that the children were showing much more emotion and were much more responsive during the tasks.
Social resources mobilization for general education development: A case study for secondary schools in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Dac , Nguyen Phuong Nam
Published: June 2021

The mobilization of social resources for educational development in schools is considered an important demonstration of the roles and responsibilities of parents and the community for the cause of education. This paper describes the frequency and efficiency of nine categories of social resources mobilization used in secondary schools in the South of Vietnam. The research team identified the reasons for and methods by which the mobilization of social resources takes place in six secondary schools in Southern Vietnam. We combined a questionnaire, completed by 202 school teachers and school managers, with in-depth interviews, observation and document analysis. The results showed high levels of both implementation and efficiency (scale reliability Cronbach alpha 0.93 and 0.92) of the mobilization of social resources, revealing a high interest in and engagement with social resources mobilization by social educational forces. Based on those results, we make a number of suggestions for improving the efficiency of this work, particularly in the South of Vietnam in reality.
A Literary Review on Role of Vidalaka in Eye Disorders
Authors: Rajput Sangram Singh , Mishra Shiromani , Sharma Ravindra
Published: June 2021

Shalakya Tantra is one of the most unique branches of Ayurveda dealing with disorders of all supraclavicular regions. Apart from all these region eye possess prime importance as they are the gateway to the external world. Netra is said to be the Pradhana Indriya and to protect the eye sight should be the prime objective. Without the eyes the whole world appears black and one depends on others for the lifetime. There are 94 eye disorders mentioned in Ayurveda text this can cause many sympaoms from minute itching in eyes upto even complete loss of vision. In managing these ocular diseases Acharyas have mentioned various local and systemic measures. Kriyakalpa is one of the therapy in treatment of Netra Gata Rogas. Vidalaka is one of the Kriyakalpa procedure used in eye disorders.

Key words: Vidalaka, Netra Gata Roga, Sarva Netra Rogahara Vidalaka.
Effect of Cryotherapy & Active Stretching Together and Active Stretching Alone for Improving Hamstring Flexibility in Asymptomatic Individuals
Authors: Tabassum Nishat , Jena Sanghamitra
Published: June 2021

Study Objective: To know about the effects of cryotherapy and active stretching together and active stretching alone for improving hamstring flexibility in asymptomatic individuals.
Method: 22 subjects were participated in study of the age 18 to 40. Subjects were randomly and equally assigned to static stretching and cryotherapy (group 1) and only active stretching (group 2). Subjects in each group were given stretching and cryotherapy for three weeks. Pre and post assessment of ROM was measured by the KEA, SLR and Sit and reach test.
Results: After three weeks of intervention there was a significant difference between pre intervention and post intervention score in both the group but in group 1 showed significant difference between KEA, SLR and SRT variables.
Conclusion: Subject who received active stretching and cryotherapy showed better improvement than the control group who received only active stretching. Hence it can be concluded that active stretching along with cryotherapy can improve hamstring flexibility than the active stretching only.

Key words: Cryotherapy, flexibility, ROM, active stretching.
Takayasu Arteritis - A Case Study
Authors: Bhavsar Minal Dhairya , Charpot Vinal
Published: June 2021

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. The mechanism of this disease is not exactly defined. The inflammatory process is generally (but not exclusively) initiated in the second or third decade of life through the actions of non-specific inflammatory cells. As the disease progresses, fibrotic stenosis occurs in aorta and its main branches. The consequence of this inflammatory process can be stenosis, thrombosis, dilatation or aneurysm formation in aorta and/ or its branches. In Asia, its incidence (2.69 in a million per year) has been reported to be 100 times higher than in Europe and North America. Because of the delay in diagnosing the disease, patients often experience claudication, absence of pulses, hypertension, myocardial infarction (MI), and cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs). Accurate and early diagnosis of TA can reduce the economic, social, and psychological burdens. We present clinical, laboratory and imaging findings of a 15 years old girl with TA, who initially presented with clinical manifestations of stroke in form of weakness in Lt Side upper and lower limb and aphasia. The rarity of the disease and especially such a presentation can cause considerable delay in the diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: Takayasu arteritis, Cerebrovascular accident, Infarction, physical therapy.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI HARGA, CITRA MEREK DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP MINAT BELI ULANG JASA GOFOOD DI KOTA SORONG
Authors: Wijiastuti Retno Dewi , Cantika Nidya
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Persepsi Harga, Citra Merek dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Minat Beli Ulang Jasa GoFood di Kota Sorong (Studi Kasus Pengguna Aplikasi Gojek pada Layanan GoFood). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Sorong dengan  responden dalam penelitian ini yaitu Masyarakat Kota Sorong yang menggunakan Aplikasi Gojek pada Layanan GoFood sebanyak 86 orang. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa persepsi harga mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli ulang jasa GoFood di Kota Sorong, hal ini dibuktikan dengan  nilai t hitung > t tabel (6.113 >1.989) dan taraf signifikan kurang dari 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05. Citra merek mempunyai pengaruh terhadap minat beli ulang jasa GoFood di Kota Sorong, hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel (6.495 > 1.989) dan taraf signifikan kurang dari 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05). Kualitas pelayanan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap minat beli ulang jasa GoFood di Kota Sorong, hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel (8.503 > 1.989) dan taraf signifikan kurang dari 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa minat beli ulang konsumen GoFood di Kota Sorong sangat signifikan.
Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının E-Portfolyo Kullanımına Yönelik Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi: Bir Eylem Araştırması
Authors: ÜLKER Fatma Tuba , UNLU Serkan , USTA Ertuğrul
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırma performans değerlendirme yöntemi olarak kullanılan, e-portfolyo sisteminin kullanılabilirliği (olumlu, olumsuz yönleri) ve uygulama süreci ile ilgili fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının görüşlerini almak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının uygulama çalışması sonucunda edinmiş oldukları deneyimlerden faydalanılmıştır. Eylem araştırması yönteminin kullanıldığı araştırma 2019-2020 öğretim yılında bir devlet üniversitesinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu Eğitim Fakültesi Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği Anabilim Dalında öğrenim gören ve “Bilimin Teknolojideki Uygulamaları” seçmeli dersini alan 17 öğrenciden oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma verileri 10 hafta boyunca süren uygulamalar sonucunda e-portfolyo yönteminin kullanılabilirliği ve uygulama süreci hakkında açık uçlu sorulara verilen cevaplardan elde edilmiştir. Veri analizi için nitel veri araçlarından içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma ile öğretmen adayları e-portfolyonun kullanılabilirliği ve uygulama sürecine yönelik görüşlerini belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmen adaylarının görüşlerden ve ders öğretmeninin gözlemlerinden elde edilen verilerin analizleri doğrultusunda e-portfolyo sisteminin fen bilimleri öğretmeni yetiştirme programına ve öğretmen adaylarının mesleki gelişimlerine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Visual Encounters with the Past: Teaching Visual Literacy to Enhance Historical and Cultural Understanding
Authors: Keeran Peggy , Crowe Katherine , Bowers Jennifer
Published: June 2021

At the University of Denver, the reference librarians and special collections curator have developed strategies to incorporate visual literacy into instructional sessions across multiple disciplines. In this chapter, we will discuss our collaborations with faculty in anthropology and in history to help students interpret tangible and digital archival visual information that will inform their understanding of historical contexts and meet learning outcomes in two classes: “Native American Resistance in the Digital Age” and “World War I.” Whenever we partner with faculty to include visual literacy in non-arts courses, we start with course outcomes and work with the faculty to determine how the incorporation of visual literacy can help reach those goals. Our process is iterative, practice based, flexible, and ever evolving. This chapter will provide practical strategies that educators can use to implement this type of collaboration at their own institutions.
Resistivity survey investigating salinity hazard and aquifer system in the alluvial fans in central Jordan Valley
Authors: El Hassan Osman M.
Published: June 2021

In the course of this study geological and geophysical resistivity survey were conducted in the area extended from Deir Alla to Suleikhat (Middle Ghor Area) in Jordan valley. In order to evaluate the potential and characteristic of the groundwater quality and distribution of the aquifer in the alluvial in the area. The aquifer system in the area consists of Ajlun and Belga Group, in addition to the Plateau Gravel Group and the Alluvial Aquifers.The resistivity survey encounter an average thickness of the alluvial fans of about93 meters. The source of salinity in the alluvium aquifers was predicted to be Lisan Formation, which underlies the Whole alluvium in the area.Quantitative interpretation of VES data coupled with field and preexisted electrical conductivity reading work out the following characteristic for water bearing layer in the alluvial fan deposits: The alluvial fans exhibit recurrently lateral variation, even in the same area.The continuity of static water table may be interrupted by mud dominated area. These facts forearm to conclude that the aquifer system in the alluvial fans are lenses to micro-aquifers bodies of saturated gravel and sand dominated layers, with resistivity range between 30-60 ohm.m, with apposite thickness range of 8-42 meters.Calculated Porosity ofsuch aquifers is approximated to be in range of 20-27%. In addition to these layers there is a mud gravel layerswith resistivity ranges from 20 to 30 ohm.m, their thickness are in range of 5-23 meters, and their porosity is approximated to 33%.
Establishing infection with Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst From Bovine origin in dogs
Authors: , Elmalik , Khitma,H. Nadia,A.Ali , M.Magzob
Published: June 2021

Establishing infection with Echinococcus granulosus had often created a challenge where by the actual role of the different Intermediate hosts could not be precisely determined. This study was consequently planned to examine the efficiency of cattle as intermediate hosts in the transmission of E. granulosus to canine final hosts. A modified procedure was followed where dogs were fed whole viable hydatid cysts as compared to viable protoscoleces obtained from hydatid sand mixed with meat. Successful transmission was attained as indicated by the presence of ova at faecal examination and adult worm recovery at post – mortem examination. The pre-patent period ranged between 30 – 42 days. It was apparent that the non capsulated protoscoleces were defected to the extend that they could not develop to maturity in the dog’s viscera. This modification needs to be applied to verify the efficiency of different intermediate hosts in the transmission cycle of Echinococcosis.
The association of the Fok1(rs2228570)vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism with cardiovascular diseases predisposition in Sudanese patients.
Authors: Fadl Manal A , Hassan Hadeel M.M.
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are public health concerns globally. The role of genetics in CVDs predisposition was evidenced in previous studies. The nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR)regulates the transcription of a number of different genes implicated in a variety of diseases including CVDs.In this study we aimed to investigate “for the first time” the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI(rs2228570)gene polymorphismwith the risk of heart diseases (CVDs) in Sudanese patients. A cross sectional case-control study was conducted, including 60 of proven heart disease (CVD)patients and 77 controls. The demographic information was obtained using well designed questionnaire. The genotypes of the VDR FokIpolymorphism (rs2228570) were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method using Fok1 restriction enzyme.The results of this study showed that atherosclerosis represents 57.1% of the CVD cases. No gender difference was observed when compare cases to the controls (P= 0.13).Previous attack of CVDs was reported in16.7% of the CVD cases. 50% of the patients have family history of CVDs with high significant difference when compared to the controls (P=0.0001)52% and 48% of the CVD patients are hypertensive and diabetic respectively. The genotypes of the Fok1polymorphismof the VDR gene did not differ between CVD patients and control subjects (P=0.72).Thisindicates that this mutation is unlikely to play a major role in CVDs predisposition in our sample. However, the frequencies of the mutant CC and TC genotypes among CVD patients who encountered previous attack was 33.3% and 55.6% respectively.The frequency of the mutant allele among CVD cases and controls is71% and 74% respectively and among who patients have family history of CVD was 72%, indicating a potential presence of the mutant allele in the general population.Thisresult suggest that the Fok1 polymorphism of the VDR gene is unlikely to contribute to CVDs predisposition in this samples, however, a considerable frequency of the mutant allele among CVD cases and controls and among those who have family history of CVDs, indicating a latent presence of the mutant allele in the general population and mightpossibly contribute to disease susceptibility in Sudanese CVD patients.
The Effect of Storage andWater Rising of Microbial Contamination of Carrots and Cucumbers.
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim F
Published: June 2021

In this work the Effect of storage and water rinsing in reducing the microbial contamination of carrots and Cucumbers and the time of spoilage was evaluated. In storage experiment done , washed and unwashed of carrots and cucumbers samples were stored at room and refrigerator temperatures.Washing with running tap water resulted in big reduction of the microbial load of carrots and cucumbers. The reduction ranged between 85 – 99 % for the total bacterial count, 92 % for moulds, and between 74 and 90 % for coliform bacteria. Unwashed samples and samples stored at room temperature spoiled more quickly than the washed samples and the sample stored in the refrigerator. In general carrots samples stored at room temperature spoiled in six to seven days and those store in the refrigerator spoiled in nine to ten days ,with respect to cucumbers spoilage occurred often six days at room temperature and after seven days in the refrigerator.From this experiment we found that carrots was more resistant to spoilage than the cucumbers. Carrots and cucumbers spoilage was eminent when the microbial load reached about 106 ????????????/????.It was concluded that, although the thorough cleaning of salad Carrots and Cucumbers with water and their storage in refrigerator would greatly reduce their microbial load, elimination of all microbial would not be achieved.
Effect of Emulsion in Sudanese Crude Oil PalougeField ,Melute Basin.
Authors: Digno Tagelsir Awad Ahmed
Published: June 2021

The study was conducted in Palouge Field in Malute Basin Block 3&7 located in the Republic of South Sudan This paper discusses problems related to oil emulsions that have been encountered in Palouge Field. Oil samples collected from 17 Oil Gathering Manifold (OGM), viscosities range from 106cP to over 8159cP (@ 50ºCand API gravities ranged from 13 to 25. Emulsion from 2 up to 33and water cut form (7% water cut to over 77%), Pour Point 30 to 420 .These properties provide an interesting case of operational problems in oil water separation.The main causes of emulsion formation in the investigated fields were water cut, temperature, shear, Pour Point, demulsifier dosage and mixing different crudes. The results show a strong correlation ofPour Point (Paraffinic content which lead to stabilized emulsion)in the crude oil with the water-oil separation index or emulsion tightness. Recommendations are made for reducing and optimizing demulsifier dosage by adding chemical additives,and further comprehensive study should be done to determine the compounds which lead to stabilized emulsion for example Naphthenic compound and Asphaltenic.
Discourse Analysis: Kinship Politics in the 2020 Regional Head Election
Authors: Pahlevi Moch Edward Trias , Amrurobbi Azka Abdi , Widodo Bambang Eka Cahya
Published: June 2021

After the issuance of the Constitutional Court Decision No.33 / PUU-Xlll / 2015 as the cancellation of the ban on dynastic politics, a number of candidates from the incumbent's relatives advanced in the direct Pilkada and mushroomed up to the 2020 regional elections. The occurrence of kinship politics is not only seen in terms of regulation, but the rise of kinship politics is also due to problems in political parties in carrying out the political recruitment function. This study seeks to analyze the findings of the online media reported in Kompas and Tempo. This study uses qualitative methods and uses Nvivo 12 Plus in processing data. In this study, it is explained that the factors for the formation of dynastic politics from online media coverage of Kompas dominantly explains the recruitment of political parties which are less democratic, while Tempo online media dominantly explains that the supporting factors for the formation of kinship politics are party recruitment, family support, and weak legal rules. In addition, the impact of kinship politics from the analysis of Kompas online media reports is the creation of corrupt behaviour and damaging the bureaucratic order. Meanwhile, the impact of kinship politics from the analysis of Tempo online media is the decline in the quality of democracy and damage to the structure of the party. This type of research used in this research is qualitative research. The analysis used in this paper is descriptive analysis. Analysis was performed using the Nvivo 12 plus software.
Prawo do postępowania administracyjnego i jego elementy jako wartości wynikające z uregulowań konstytucyjnych, międzynarodowych oraz europejskich
Authors: Szremski Jakub
Published: June 2021

Prawo jednostki do rozstrzygania jej sprawy w ramach prawnie uregulowanej procedury stanowi fundament demokratycznego państwa prawnego. Jednostka powinna mieć zagwarantowaną możliwość uruchomienia drogi proceduralnej odpowiadającej kategorii sprawy, której rozstrzygnięcia się domaga. Obecna regulacja konstytucyjna wprost gwarantuje jednostce prawo do sądu – czyli uprawnienie uruchomienia drogi postępowania sądowego dającej możliwość rozpoznania sprawy zgodnie z wypracowanymi w doktrynie i orzecznictwie standardami proceduralnymi. Taki sam bądź podobny model procesowy powinien obowiązywać w ramach prawa jednostki do postępowania administracyjnego. Podstaw tego prawa należy doszukiwać się zarówno w uregulowaniach konstytucyjnych, jak i międzynarodowych oraz europejskich.
Determinan keputusan menabung kaum buruh pada perbankan syariah di Kudus: Peran mediasi niat menabung
Authors: Annisa' Holif , Anwar Saiful
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze Islamic branding, knowledge, and service quality on the saving decisions of workers, with a saving intention as an intervening variable. This type of research is a quantitative study with a population of Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Kudus customers who make a living as laborers. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling, totaling 100 respondents. Workers are chosen to be unique because of their livelihood and ownership of Islamic bank accounts. The analytical tool used is path analysis. The results showed that Islamic branding, service quality, and saving intention positively affected saving decisions. Knowledge is not significant in saving decisions. Saving intention cannot mediate the influence of Islamic branding on saving decisions. Saving intention can mediate the effect of knowledge and service quality on saving decisions. The research contributes to the marketing model and services for workers. However, workers have a different segmentation from other consumers.
Mampukah kepuasan konsumen memediasi pengaruh personal selling, direct selling dan nilai-nilai Islam terhadap loyalitas nasabah?
Authors: Warindrasti Ragina , Pratama Abdul Aziz Nugraha
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of personal selling, direct selling, and Islamic values on customer loyalty at BPRS Sukowati Sragen with customer satisfaction as an Intervening Variable. The number of samples taken in this study was 100 respondents as a sample using the random sampling technique. The tool used in this research is Path Analysis. The results showed personal selling did not affect loyalty. Direct selling had a positive effect on customer loyalty, while Islamic values had no effect on customer loyalty and satisfaction had a positive effect on customer loyalty at BPRS Sukowati Sragen. Satisfaction does not mediate the influence of Islamic values on loyalty, but it is able to mediate personal selling and direct selling on loyalty.
Analisis pengaruh kualitas layanan, corporate image, dan customer relationship management terhadap loyalitas nasabah dengan kepuasan nasabah sebagai variabel intervening
Authors: Kuswandarini Krisna Issri , Annisa Arna Asna
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of service quality, corporate image, and customer relationship management (CRM) on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as an intervening variable (study at Bank Syariah Indonesia branch office Semarang). This research is a quantitative research using primary data. The analysis method uses a path analysis approach. The test results show that service quality, customer relationship management, and satisfaction positively affect loyalty. The corporate image does not affect loyalty. Service quality and corporate image have no positive effect on satisfaction. Customer relationship management has a positive effect on satisfaction. Path analysis test shows that the satisfaction variable acts as a mediation between the influence of service quality, corporate image, customer relationship management on customer loyalty at bank BSI branch office Semarang.
Developing Students’ Sense of Autonomy, Competence and Purpose Through a Clinical Component in Ethics Teaching
Authors: Cody Anna
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

This article examines empirical research which surveyed 69 legal ethics students, and analyses the impact of a short clinical experience on students’ confidence in their later legal studies. It connects the importance of providing meaningful experiences to law students in their degree program in order to build their sense of purpose and intrinsic motivation. While an entire clinical course would be expected to impact positively on students’ confidence and sense of purpose, it is a new finding that even a short clinical experience can have this effect. Building in experiences which reinforce students’ sense of purpose and competence has the potential to support students’ intrinsic motivation for law students studying law. This has flow on impacts for students’ mental health and ability to successfully complete their studies.
Impact Analysis: ASIC is Firm About Psychologists in Board Rooms
Authors: Coburn Niall
Published: June 2021

The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) Chairman, Mr James Shipton, has “dug his heels in” and is moving forward on his experimental plan to place psychologists into board rooms, on a “voluntary basis”, despite mounting criticism from regulators and behavioural experts. A similar program was used by the Dutch Central Bank and, while short-comings were evident, overall it was seen as a success.
Clothing Optional?: Nudity and the Law of the Australian Beach
Authors: Bennett Theodore
Published: June 2021

This article comprises the first detailed legal analysis of nudity on the Australian beach. It provides an overview of the formal law around public nudity on Australian beaches and unpacks both the cultural significance and practical operation of regulation within this context. It begins by demonstrating how the Australian beach is a particularly dense nexus of cultural meaning and significance, within which general cultural anxieties about public nudity are amplified. It then sets out the formal legal apparatus that performs the regulatory work that responds to these anxieties, including State/Territory offences relating to public exposure, public behaviour and bathing dress. However, the law ‘in the books’ about beach nudity diverges in significant ways from the law ‘in action’, and this analysis unpacks the practical side of the law of the Australian beach in terms of policing discretion, the application of legal standards of decency and propriety, and social patterns of nude beach use. The formal designation of certain spaces by some States/Territories as ‘free beaches’— where it is not against the law to be nude — is argued to constitute the symbolic containment, rather than endorsement, of public nudity.
Referred, Applied and Mirror Legislation as Primary Structures of National Uniform Legislation
Authors: Hill Guzyal
Published: June 2021

National uniform legislation links the federal distribution of powers achieved more than 117 years ago to the challenges and opportunities faced by Australia in an interconnected world. Over this span of time, varying and at times contradicting classifications of structures of this complex legislation have been offered. This article, firstly, examines a variety of existing classifications and, secondly, provides an analysis of national uniform legislation from the list prepared by the Parliamentary Counsel’s Committee comprising 84 sets of uniform Acts. The purpose of this examination is to provide a synthesis of an accurate classification for today. The findings indicate the predominance of three primary structures: referred, applied and mirror. The article proposes to use classification of national uniform legislation constrained to these three primary structures; this approach contributes by diminishing ambiguity and complexity surrounding the development and drafting national uniform legislation. The article offers a classification figure that accommodates variations between previous classifications and streamlines the current understanding. This figure can serve as a practical evaluation tool for policymakers, legislative drafters and legal practitioners when working through inherent ambiguity and complexity surrounding national uniform legislation.
Shareholder Primacy Already Requires Directors to Actively Consider Non-Shareholder Interests
Authors: Luck Kai , Atkins Scott
Published: June 2021

The debate with a false premise and the downside of law reform
Treating Vulnerable Consumers ‘Fairly’ When They Make a Complaint About Banking or Finance in Australia
Authors: Sourdin Tania , Atherton Mirella
Published: June 2021

The Australian Financial Services Reform Act 2001 (Cth) requires that licenced banking and financial services providers establish internal dispute resolution (‘IDR’) systems complying with requirements promulgated by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (‘ASIC’). In addition, licence holders are required to be members of an ASIC approved External Dispute Resolution (‘EDR’) scheme so that if a complaint is not resolved following the use of internal mechanisms, an external dispute resolution facility is available for most banking consumers. In late 2018, a new EDR body was established, the Australian Financial Complaints Authority (‘AFCA’), to deal with external complaints. The 2018 Royal Commission into the banking and finance sector uncovered significant issues in terms of the banking and financial sector and raised a number of serious concerns that were largely linked to how consumers contracted with banks and other organisations however information about existing complaint handling arrangements was limited. In particular, there was little demographic information about consumers who use IDR and EDR arrangements or what factors may be relevant in terms of the settlement of complaints and disputes. In this regard, currently sections 912A(1)(g), (2) of the Corporations Act direct the form of AFSL holders’ IDR and EDR systems, but they do not impose any obligations on AFSL holders in terms of conduct when providing the systems. In terms of consumers more generally, it is unclear how many consumers could be classified as ‘vulnerable’ and may settle a dispute on less favourable terms because the impact of proceeding may place them in an even more disadvantageous position. It is suggested that better reporting in relation to IDR and EDR activity together with targeted independent advocacy services and training of relevant staff in respect of the Australian Consumer Law could assist consumers and enable more effective reporting of misconduct issues.
The Meaning of ‘Associate’: An Analysis of the Outcomes of Commissioner of Taxation v BHP Billiton (2019)
Authors: Mudhar Dylan
Published: June 2021

This article will discuss the judgment of the recent Australian tax case of Commissioner of Taxation v BHP Billiton Limited (‘BHP’). Specifically, it will discuss how the case affects the meaning of the word ‘associate’ and the phrase ‘sufficiently influenced.’ It will do this by recapping the original Administrative Appeals Tribunal (‘AAT’) case of MWYS v Commissioner of Taxation which formed the basis of the appeal in BHP. It will then discuss the majority and dissenting judgements in the BHP case and how they both interpreted the meaning of ‘associate’ and ‘sufficiently influenced,’ before reconciling the ideas from both judgments, and the original AAT judgement. This paper will then aim to highlight the precedential value of BHP and how BHP may affect other areas of Australian Taxation Law, namely the Controlled Foreign Corporation rules, Thin Capitalisation Rules, and the R&D grant rules.
Pedra Branca: Story of the Unheard Cases by S Jayakumar, Tommy Koh and Lionel Yee
Authors: Wong Jing Zhi
Published: June 2021

Book Review
Out with the Old, in with the Alternative: A Critical Examination of How Lawyers Can Use Alternative Fee Arrangements to Satisfy Increasingly Powerful Clients
Authors: Yan Joshua
Published: June 2021

This article examines law firms’ need to replace the billable hour with alternative fee arrangements and discusses the ethical and managerial hurdles they will face when making this transition. It analyses the characteristics of client demand for legal pricing models and determines that client demand can only be satisfied by firms that implement alternative fee arrangements. This proposition is supported by research which suggests that alternative fee arrangements optimise firm profitability and enable firms to retain their clients whose bargaining power has been enlarged by technology. Finally, this article provides practical guidance on factors firms must consider when adopting alternative fee arrangements, specifically legal ethics issues and managerial challenges that must be addressed when implementing disruptive innovations. Ultimately, the author intends to highlight the industry-wide misalignment between client demand and the billable hour, and persuade firms to optimise their profitability and chances of survival by adopting alternative fee arrangements.
Australia’s Tax Law Policy of the Past and that of the Post Digital Revolution
Authors: Villios Sylvia , Blissenden Michael , Kenny Paul
Published: June 2021

Tax policy advocates have long suggested an optimal tax system would be the most efficient tax regime but until recently it has been unobtainable. Technological developments increase the feasibility of this tax. The first half of this article explains how Australian tax policy has developed to date by looking at government commissioned and sanctioned reviews of the tax system. What becomes apparent is that reform measures aimed at achieving the tax policy goals of efficiency, equity and simplicity often involve a lowering of tax rates and a comprehensive tax base system.

The second half then explores the changes that have made the prospects of an optimal tax system more feasible and explores how evolving policy advice has moved in the direction of optimal tax theory. It is argued that this may involve proposals for reform centered on a less comprehensive tax base, increased tax rates as well as other departures from the traditional tax reform discussion
A Participatory Evaluation of Transforming First Year LLB Into Block Mode
Authors: Samarawickrema Gayani , Galloway Tristan , Raponi Kathleen , Everett Gerard
Published: June 2021

This paper adopts a participatory evaluation approach to identify successes and challenges experienced by a group of academics in redesigning and delivering the first year of the Law degree (LLB) in block mode in an Australian university. This transformation into an intensive four-week block necessitated an overhaul of curricula, assessment regimes, teaching practices and delivery processes. The evaluation of the academics staff experience focused on five themes: (1) course design and development, (2) satisfying learning outcomes and accreditation standards, (3) implementing student engagement strategies, (4) embedding block mode principles, and (5) establishing effective assessment regimes. For each theme, participants identified the successes, challenges, and lessons learned. The study highlighted the value of early design-specialist involvement and collaboration in course design including the importance of being aware of the legal accreditation body requirements. The criticality of focused active learning and the need to balance lecture-style delivery with knowledge-consolidating practical legal analysis exercises was emphasised. Also stressed was wellbeing, including sensitivity to individual student circumstances and strategies that successfully manage staff and student workloads alongside academic integrity. Unintended benefits such as professional learning through the collaboration, refining personal thinking related to pedagogy in the block were consequences of this evaluative approach.
An Australian August Corpus: Why There is Only One Common Law in Australia
Authors: Boyle Liam
Published: June 2021

For nearly 100 years following federation there was not a settled view as to whether there existed but onecommon law in Australia, as opposed to a common law for each polity in the Australian federation. This articleinvestigates why that was so. It considers the constitutional and juristic underpinnings of the now establishedposition that there is a single common law in Australia, identifying five conceptual versions of the commonlaw in Australia and three stages in its evolution. The article also considers some of the consequences of thesingle common law in the Australian legal system.
Sexism at the Bar and the Equitable Briefing Policy:A Well-Meaning but Misguided Response to Gendered Briefing Practices
Authors: Chan Ryan
Published: June 2021

This article considers a recent regulatory initiative formulated by the Law Council of Australia called theEquitable Briefing Policy (‘EBP’), which aims to address the disadvantage experienced by female practitionersat the Australian Bar. This article examines the origins and underlying rationales of the Policy. It contends thatthe Policy’s potential in deinstitutionalising gendered briefing practices at the Australian Bar is inhibited byAustralia’s policymaking avoidance towards any form of ‘affirmative action’. This aversion is due to theconventional understanding that affirmative action and the merit principle are positioned in a dichotomousrelationship, and thus remain inherently in tension with one another. It is argued, however, that in the contextof briefing practices in Australia, such an understanding is primitive, and using merit as a means of rejectingother policy approaches only serves to inhibit the Policy’s application and effect.
Editorial
Authors: Cooper Graeme , Wade John
Published: June 2021

This is the inaugural issue of the Legal Education Review. The editors hope that the Review will provide a forum for ideas that will stimulate discussion, debate and experimentation on the variety of topics that touch legal education — questioning and re-evaluating its purposes, philosophy, content and methods.
Womens’ Experience in Legal Education: Silencing and Alienation
Authors: Finley Lucinda
Published: June 2021

My interest in gender and legal education grew out of the experience of having numerous women students at Yale law school approach me to confide how they felt silenced by and alienated from their legal education. This was painful on two levels. First, I was hearing their profound expressions of pain, and, as a teacher, I was distressed that they were learning to dislike the law and fight the law, instead of becoming attracted to it. But it was also painful because it reminded me that I, too, had felt that my views were not always heard nor appreciated when I was a law student. I continue to feel this every day, as one of the token women on a law school faculty — and one foolish enough to identify myself publicly as a feminist, thus facing the risks of marginalization to which Catharine MacKinnon has referred. Women students tell me that their classroom comments get swallowed up by what seems to them like a “black hole”; they are completely ignored. These reactions make them feel that they must have said something very stupid — until, five minutes later, a male makes the same comment and suddenly the professor’s reaction is, “what a brilliant remark,” and the point becomes the focus of discussion for the next ten minutes. I knew exactly what they were talking about because this had happened to me as a student; it still happens to me when I try to speak at a faculty meeting or workshop.
Editorial
Authors: Wade John , Cooper Graeme
Published: June 2021

For over a century, writers have commented on the apparent difficulty that certain insights (called “interdisciplinary” insights) have encountered when attempting to infuse law school culture or curriculum. Habit, complacency, physical isolation, economics and academic culture have assisted in preserving law school ghettos. For example, visiting professors of education are quietly aghast at the amateur theories which underlie the law school learning environment. Teaching and learning practices stumble along with occasional fad additives. Learning in law schools remains (with rare exceptions) strangely devoid of sophisticated conceptual categories or connection to orthodox educational theories. This volume contains two articles by welcome “outsiders” — John Biggs and Paul Ramsden.

These two writers have graciously crossed normal interdisciplinary language barriers. Perhaps one day more resources, energy, humour and risk-taking will be directed towards translating orthodox educational theories and categories into the formal and informal learning environments of law schools. [Full Editorial]
A Case Study of the 'Offices Project (Teacher-less, Cooperative Learning Groups) at Griffith University: Implementing Educational Theory
Authors: Dick B , Godden L , Healy K , Brun MJ Le
Published: June 2021

Although articles which discuss new ways to teach and assess students in law programmes are not uncommon in law journals in Australia today, few papers attempt to describe how innovations can be introduced into law curricula. Reputable journals in law or education simply, and rightly, refuse to publish work which lacks a sound educational basis. To achieve an appropriate balance of description, prescription, and theory in academic writing can be difficult. Nevertheless, some law teachers are eager to hear about the implementation of new methods of teaching as they consider introducing similar reforms into their courses by building upon the knowledge and expertise — as well as the mistakes — of the original designers.

In this article, we discuss recent developments in the use of teacher-less, cooperative learning groups by focusing on the “Offices” project, which was introduced and developed by Le Brun into the Griffith University Law curricula in 1992. A framework, outlining the educational theory and rationale that provided the foundation for the conception and ongoing design of Offices, is presented. We, then, review the use of Offices in order to provide some practical guidance to individuals who wish to introduce similar learning opportunities.