bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple gridded‐based precipitation products' performance in Sudan's different topographical features and the influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on rainfall variability in recent decades
Authors: Alriah Mohamed Abdallah Ahmed , Bi Shuoben , Nkunzimana Athanase , Elameen Ayman M. , Sarfo Isaac , Ayugi Brian
Published: August 2022

The selection of a reliable long‐term rainfall dataset is deemed appropriate for hydroclimatic assessments, especially in regions with limited distribution of rain gauge stations like Sudan. The study presents an initial investigation for gridded‐based rainfall products and satellite‐based products over Sudan using standardized statistical methods. Overall, the monthly evaluation revealed reasonable statistical agreement with in situ observations. Seasonal analysis shows that summer rainfall is detected more accurately than yearly rainfall, especially in mountainous areas across the country. Generally, underestimation was observed in all products over most regions on an annual, seasonal, and monthly scale, respectively. Results for the Taylor skill score (TSS) indicated relatively low skills for ECMWF Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5), moderate to strong skills for Climate Research Unit (CRU) and Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS), against the reference rain gauges among the regions. The regional comparison using TSS when considering monthly and seasonal timescales showed CHIRPS and CRU had the highest performance with an average percentage of 89.6 and 92% in the west (Nyala, Al Geniena, and Al Fasher), 89 and 84.6% at the central part (Khartoum, Wad Madani, and Al Obied), and 92.5 and 86.5% in the south (Al Damazine and Kadogli). At 95% confidence level, a significant increasing trend was observed over the highlands at the centre (Al Obied) and western areas (Al Geniena and Nyala), while most stations showed positive trends. Further analysis on temporal correlation with Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) demonstrated a strong correlation between the AMO PC1 and JJAS rainfall PC1 (82%). The west recorded the highest response to AMO (90%), while the east had the lowest response (74%), with the north, central, and south obtaining 77, 76, and 76%, respectively. Our findings provide useful information about rainfall in Sudan, suggesting CHIRPS data for monitoring rainfall variability and extreme events which should encourage its use in areas with scarce stations.
Multiyear La Niña effects on the precipitation in South America
Authors: Lopes Aixa Braga , Andreoli Rita V. , Souza Rodrigo A. F. , Cerón Wilmar L. , Kayano Mary T. , Canchala Teresita , de Moraes Djanir Sales
Published: August 2022

The effect of multiyear La Niña (LN) events on precipitation in South America (SA) was assessed considering 10 persistent LN events over two successive years, referred to as Y1 and Y2 for the 1901–2012 period. Y1 spans from the austral winter of the first year to autumn of the second year, and Y2 spans from the austral winter of the second year to autumn of the third year. Comparisons were performed season by season of the Y1 and Y2. Composites revealed that the teleconnections related to a multiyear LN event during its Y1 and Y2 years, responsible for distinct seasonal precipitation anomaly patterns in SA, were associated with different tropical ocean conditions. In spring, the negative sea surface temperature (SST) dipole in the Indian Ocean during the Y2 was not observed during Y1. Different LN‐related SST anomaly patterns in the tropical Atlantic between Y1 and Y2 occurred in the other seasons. Over northern/northeastern SA, the positive precipitation anomalies became weaker (stronger) during austral summer and autumn (winter and spring) of the Y2 than Y1 and were associated with changes in the Walker cells. During austral spring and summer, southeastern presented drier conditions during the Y2 than Y1. In the spring of Y2, two Rossby wave trains, one associated with the LN‐related anomalous cooling in the equatorial Pacific and another triggered by the upper‐level anticyclone in the tropical Indian Ocean, characterized the circulation pattern over SA which explains the difference in precipitation anomalies between the Y2 and Y1. These drier (wetter) conditions during austral spring and summer (winter and spring), particularly over southern and southeastern Brazil (Colombia) in the Y2, might have more severe effects on the regional hydrological cycle than those in the Y1. The results here indicate that accurate prediction of LN duration is crucial in a climate‐monitoring context.
Digital Gait Biomarkers Allow to Capture 1‐Year Longitudinal Change in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3
Authors: Ilg Winfried , Müller Björn , Faber Jennifer , van Gaalen Judith , Hengel Holger , Vogt Ina R. , Hennes Guido , van de Warrenburg Bart , Klockgether Thomas , Schöls Ludger , Synofzik Matthis ,   the ESMI Consortium
Published: August 2022

Measures of step variability and body sway during gait have shown to correlate with clinical ataxia severity in several cross‐sectional studies. However, to serve as a valid progression biomarker, these gait measures have to prove their sensitivity to robustly capture longitudinal change, ideally within short time frames (eg, 1 year). We present the first multicenter longitudinal gait analysis study in spinocerebellar ataxias. We performed a combined cross‐sectional (n = 28) and longitudinal (1‐year interval, n = 17) analysis in Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 3 subjects (including seven preataxic mutation carriers). Longitudinal analysis showed significant change in gait measures between baseline and 1‐year follow‐up, with high effect sizes (stride length variability: P = 0.01, effect size rprb = 0.66; lateral sway: P = 0.007, rprb = 0.73). Sample size estimation for lateral sway indicates a required cohort size of n = 43 for detecting a 50% reduction of natural progression, compared with n = 240 for the clinical ataxia score Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). These measures thus present promising motor biomarkers for upcoming interventional studies. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Global well‐posedness of 3D incompressible inhomogeneous magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Huang Tian , Qian Chenyin
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we investigate the 3D inhomogeneous incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system. By the assumption of the smallness of initial velocity and magnetic fluids in the critical Besov space, the local and global well‐posedness of 3D inhomogeneous incompressible equations is obtained. It improves some previous results of MHD equations by generalizing the range of exponent
in Besov spaces
with
. Besides, the initial density belongs to the critical Besov space
with
, and it is removed the additional restriction of
, which is an important condition in some previous results for both 3D inhomogeneous incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and MHD system.
Transaktionen: Die doppelte Zeitenwende
Authors: Schneider Bernd , Holz Lukas Immanuel
Published: August 2022

Während die chemische Industrie auf dem grünen Transitionspfad beschleunigen muss, sieht sie sich nun zudem durch geopolitische Probleme wie die Invasion der Ukraine durch Russland herausgefordert.
„In der Ukraine ist es nirgendwo sicher“
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: August 2022

Als die russische Armee Ende Februar die Ukraine überfiel, nahm die Universität Gießen 18 Chemiestudentinnen auf. Zwei von ihnen sind Viktoria Kuzminska und Yuliia Kurtash.
Chemie in Europa
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: August 2022

Der europäische Publikationsverbund Chemistry Europe zeichnet jedes Jahr engagierte Autoren, Gasteditoren und Gutachter als Fellows aus. Wir haben die Fellows Sonja Herres‐Pawlis, Lutz Ackermann und Nuno Maulide gefragt, wie sie die Chemie in Europa einschätzen.
The resource constrained clustered shortest path tree problem: Mathematical formulation and Branch&Price solution algorithm
Authors: Ferone Daniele , Festa Paola , Fugaro Serena , Pastore Tommaso
Published: August 2022

In this article, the Resource Constrained Clustered Shortest Path Tree Problem is defined. It generalizes the classic Resource Constrained Shortest Path Tree Problem since it is defined on an undirected, complete and weighted graph whose set of nodes is partitioned into clusters. The aim is then to find a shortest path tree respecting some resource consumption constraints and inducing a connected subgraph within each cluster. The main support and motivation for studying this problem are related, among the others, to the design of telecommunication networks, and to Disaster Operations Management. In this work, we present a path‐based formulation for the problem, addressing the case of local resource constraints, that is, resource constraints on single paths. For its resolution, a Branch&Price algorithm featuring a Column Generation approach with Multiple Pricing Scheme is devised. A comprehensive computational study is conducted, comparing the proposed method with the results achieved by the CPLEX solver, adopted to solve the mathematical model. The numerical results underline that the Branch&Price algorithm outperforms CPLEX, both in terms of solution cost and time.
Impact damage assessment in patch‐repaired carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer laminates using the nonlinear Lamb wave‐mixing technique
Authors: Yin Zhenhua , Tie Ying , Duan Yuechen , Li Cheng , Chen Dong
Published: August 2022

This study investigates assessment of the barely visible impact damage (BVID) caused by low‐velocity impact (LVI) in single‐sided patch‐repaired orthotropic carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates using experimental and numerical nonlinear Lamb wave‐mixing techniques. An accurate finite element method (FEM) approach consisting of three analysis steps of LVI, vibration damping, and nonlinear ultrasonic mixing detection is proposed to predict the relationship between LVI damage and nonlinear Lamb wave‐mixing propagation. The LVI step in the FEM simulation is verified by drop‐weight impact tests, and the nonlinear Lamb wave‐mixing detection step in FEM is verified by comparing with the RITEC RAM‐5000 SNAP nonlinear mixing detection system. The BVID of patch‐repaired specimens is assessed with mixing relative acoustic nonlinearity parameters (MRANPs). CFRP laminates repaired with various external patch parameters of different sizes, numbers of layers and stacking sequences are evaluated by the FEM approach. Finally, an optimized patch design in which the MRANPs are the smallest is determined. Therefore, the CFRP laminate containing a hole is recommended to be repaired with a circular three‐layer patch with a radius of 2.5 r and a stacking sequence of [90/90/90].
Demystifying the role of graphene nanoplatelets percentage and sonication duration on the mechanical properties of the glass fabric/graphene nanoplatelets hybrid nano‐composite
Authors: Mamallan Santhanakrishnan , Narayanan Venkateshwaran
Published: August 2022

In this study, the effect of sonication time on the mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) glass fiber composites were discussed. The Sonication process is one of the best techniques to ensure uniform dispersion of nanofillers into the polymer matrix; otherwise, they form agglomerates of multilayers. To fulfill the massive demand for mass production, ultrasonic bath‐type sonication were deployed. In this study, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt% of GnPs were added with epoxy at different sonication durations, precisely 0, 20, 40, and 60 min. Other sonication process parameters were kept constant with a sonication frequency of 28 KHz. Bidirectional glass fabric materials was used as reinforcement material in the fabrication of the laminates. In total, 21 laminates were fabricated using the hand lay‐up technique in various amalgamations. The tensile and flexural specimens were cut from the laminates as per the standards to determine their mechanical properties. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were used for the structural analysis of the glass fiber reinforced GnPs/epoxy composite. Surface morphology of GnPs becomes more wrinkled, resulting in a stronger graphene/epoxy matrix interface, enhancing the tensile strength and tensile modulus performance of the nano‐composites increases up to 37.12% and 66.30%, the flexural strength and flexural modulus performance of the nano‐composites increases up to 55.74% and 91.23% respectively. Based on the investigations, the influence of the GnPs percentage and the sonication duration for the preparation of the nano‐composites with the help of technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) optimization technique.
Vacuum‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells: Materials and Methods
Authors: Lee Juhwan , Lee Kyungmin , Kim Kyungkon , Park Nam-Gyu
Published: August 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on inexpensive organic−inorganic hybrid semiconductors are considered a promising next‐generation solar cell technology. For PSC commercialization, the further development of efficient and scalable fabrication methods is essential. To date, solution‐based methods have been widely studied due to simplicity and cost‐effectiveness. Despite the advantages, it is still necessary for developing vacuum‐based methods as the alternative methods due to reproducibility and uniformity with in a large area. However, it is insufficiently studied for a systematic understanding of vacuum‐based methods. To give helpful insight for understanding vacuum‐based methods for PSC commercialization, this review introduces the precursor and charge transporting materials with the various preparation methods for vacuum‐processed PSCs.
Improving the Fatigue Strength of Laser Powder Bed‐Fused AISI M3:2 by Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Qin Siyuan , Herzog Simone , Kaletsch Anke , Broeckmann Christoph
Published: August 2022

Laser additive manufacturing enables the one‐step fabrication of complex parts. However, pores and carbide networks, which are not avoidable from the laser powder‐bed fusion (LPBF) process, deteriorate the fatigue strength significantly. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) with integrated heat treatment is a powerful post‐treatment that densifies the material and modifies the microstructure. Herein, AISI M3:2 samples are produced by LPBF and then are either austenitized, quenched, and tempered in a HIP unit under pressure or are only hardened and tempered in a vacuum oven. The corresponding microstructure is analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy using energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray diﬀraction. The fatigue strength is determined by rotation bending tests. Fracture surfaces are observed under scanning electron microscopy for failure analysis. While both post‐treatments lead to similar microstructure, the fatigue strength is significantly improved by the HIP process.
Efficient Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of 1D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Metal Halides
Authors: Han Ying , Dong Yiwei , Gu Hao , Cheng Teng , Xie Yipeng , Lin Yufan , Xing Guichuan , Yin Jun , Cui Bin-Bin
Published: August 2022

Room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has attracted considerable attention due to its potential applications in light‐emitting, bioimaging, and chemical sensing devices, but it is full of challenges to achieve new molecular systems for efficient RTP. Herein, three imidazole derivatives involving triplet excitons as organic cations are employed to synthesize three isostructural 1D lead halides with distinct emission characteristics, in which (2‐MBI)PbBr3 and (2‐PI)PbBr3 show the blue and broadband white fluorescence, respectively, while (5‐MBI)PbBr3 (5‐MBI = 5‐methylbenzimidazole) exhibits efficient green RTP peaking at 520 nm under UV excitation. The underlying photophysical regulatory mechanism is unveiled that extra‐molecular “heavy atomic effects” and the spin–orbit coupling from [PbBr3−]∞ units enhance the intersystem crossing and Dexter‐type electron transfer of excitons from inorganic units to triplet states (Tn) in 5‐MBI cations. An information encryption pattern is also realized by combining the different photoluminescence of these 1D organic and inorganic hybrid lead halides. This study suggests a feasible strategy to modulate the photoluminescence to achieve efficient RTP in low‐dimensional hybrid metal halides.
Instantiated Recoupling in Principals' Enactment of Teacher Evaluations: Emotion Work and New Forms of Ceremonial Conformity in Educational Institutions
Authors: Duncan Christopher P. , Everitt Judson G.
Published: August 2022

As accountability policies have proliferated and evolved in a number of organizational fields, recent scholarship in organizational sociology has paid close attention to the ways that accountability has forced tight coupling in a variety of organizations. Fewer recent studies examine efforts at ceremonial conformity that organizations may use to buffer internal practices from institutional pressures, or how organizations and their actors might attempt to engage in ceremonial conformity under newer accountability regimes. In this article, we examine how school principals enact state‐mandated teacher evaluation policies with their teachers. To manage teachers' stress caused by the evaluations, we find that principals often allow, and at times enable, teachers to put on a “dog and pony show” during formal evaluations, a performance that aligns with district instructional policies but deviates from their common everyday practices. We argue that this is a novel form of ceremonial conformity that we call instantiated recoupling.
Lake Sturgeon Movement after Trap and Transfer around Two Dams on the Menominee River, Wisconsin–Michigan
Authors: Isermann Daniel A. , Raabe Joshua K. , Easterly Emma G. , Schulze Joshua C. , Porter Nicholas J. , Dembkowski Daniel J. , Donofrio Michael C. , Kramer Darren R. , Elliott Robert F.
Published: August 2022

Fish behavior after passage or transfer around dams is a critical component in determining whether the goals of these efforts are achieved, but these behaviors are often poorly understood. An elevator was constructed in the lowermost hydroelectric dam on the Menominee River, Wisconsin–Michigan; it is the first elevator specifically designed to capture Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens for upstream transfer above two dams, providing access to high‐quality spawning and early life habitat. Our objectives were to determine whether (1) Lake Sturgeon transferred upstream remained upstream for at least one spawning opportunity; (2) spawning opportunity, time to reach the next dam upstream, and residency in different segments of the river were related to sex, capture method (elevator versus electrofishing), and season of transfer; and (3) the probability of fish transitioning back downstream of the two dams varied among months. We evaluated posttransfer behaviors of 139 Lake Sturgeon that were captured in the elevator or by electrofishing, implanted with acoustic transmitters, transferred upstream (in spring or fall) from fall 2014 to spring 2017, and monitored until fall 2018 using 20–23 stationary acoustic receivers deployed throughout the river. Most Lake Sturgeon (91%) remained upstream for at least one spawning opportunity. The probability of remaining for one spawning opportunity was not related to sex, fish capture method, or season of transfer. Residency times within the two impoundments and time to reach the next dam upstream varied among individual fish. A multistate model indicated that monthly survival after upstream transfer was high and that Lake Sturgeon typically remained above both dams in late fall to early spring, with most downstream movements occurring in April and May. Our results indicate that Lake Sturgeon transferred upstream have the potential to contribute offspring that may help to bolster the Lake Sturgeon population in Lake Michigan, but additional research may help in determining whether these contributions occur.

Impact Statement

Lake Sturgeon that were transferred upstream of two dams remained upstream of the dams for at least one spawning opportunity, representing the first step in determining whether transfers can be used to increase Lake Sturgeon abundance in the Great Lakes and beyond.
Expression and distribution patterns of VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α in the ovarian follicles of Tibetan sheep
Authors: Guo Yajun , Liu Miaomiao , Mfoundou Jos Dorian Lawson , Wang Xinrong
Published: August 2022

Background

Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) are multifunctional growth factors that play an important role in follicular growth and development. However, its biological function in the follicular development of Tibetan sheep at different stages has not been described.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α expression and distribution on the development of follicles of different sizes.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB) and quantification real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) were used to detect the localisation and quantitative expression of VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α proteins and mRNA in small‐ (< 3 mm), medium‐ (3 mm < diameter < 5 mm)‐, and large‐ (> 5 mm) sized follicles.

Results

The results showed that the proteins VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α, as well as their mRNA, were expressed in follicles. However, the expression in medium‐sized follicles was significantly higher than that in large‐ and small‐sized follicles (p <0.05). IHC also showed that the proteins VEGF, TGF‐β1, and HIF‐1α were distributed in granulosa cells (GCs) in small‐, medium‐, and large‐sized follicles.

Conclusions

This study indicates that VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α, which operate in an autocrine or paracrine manner with the GCs, influence the follicular progressive growth, suggesting that these growth factors are closely associated with the follicular growth and development in ovarian.
Fears and Hopes
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

Patients with axSpA are likely to live with a range of hopes, such as retaining a good quality of life and normal social and physical functioning, and fears, including a fear of suffering, losing autonomy, and being a burden on relatives, relating to their disease (Garrido-Cumbrera et al. Rheumatol Ther. 2017:219–231, 2017; Gossec et al. Value Health. 18:A715, 2015).
Objectives
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

The overarching aim of the IMAS European project was to expand the knowledge of axSpA in Europe by gathering the perspectives of patients diagnosed with the disease.
Methodology
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

This cross-sectional market research survey was adapted from the Spanish Atlas of Axial Spondyloarthritis 2017, a pilot survey conducted from January to March 2016 (Garrido-Cumbrera et al. Reumatol Clin. 15:127–132, 2019a).
Demographic Profile of Survey Respondents
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

The IMAS European survey was conducted across 13 European countries and included a wide range of patients with axSpA from varying sociodemographic backgrounds.
Contested Urban Green Spaces and Environmental Justice in Northern Europe
Authors: Plüschke-Altof Bianka , Sooväli-Sepping Helen
Published: August 2022

The chapter provides an overview of the objectives, structure, content and results of this joint volume. Starting from the paradox of well-known green space benefits on the one hand and multiple challenges to their fair provision on the other hand, the book argues to put green space contestations and environmental justice concerns into focus when striving for a sustainable city development. As the edited volume unites interdisciplinary and multi-method studies on green space use and planning, it enriches environmental justice studies by widening the understanding of green space access, critically evaluating cases of procedural injustice and providing in-depth studies on the contexts of injustices in urban greening. Based on the results of these studies, a future research agenda is proposed in this introductory chapter.
Private Events in a Public Park: Contested Music Festivals and Environmental Justice in Finsbury Park, London
Authors: Smith Andrew , Osborn Guy , Vodicka Goran
Published: August 2022

City parks have long been understood as contested spaces. But creeping privatisation and commercialisation in an era of neoliberal austerity have heightened tensions between different user groups, and between local communities and park authorities. This chapter provides an in-depth case study of a contested green space in a global city. Finsbury Park in London opened in 1869 as the people’s park with the aim of improving the living conditions for the working classes. However, it is now a highly commercialised park, regularly hosting private events which are justified by the local authority as necessary to finance the maintenance of the park. The chapter focuses on the dispute between the local Friends group and Haringey Borough Council over music festivals staged in Finsbury Park. The Friends of Finsbury Park have challenged the legality of these events in the UK courts as they affect the accessibility of public space. Wireless—billed as the UK’s biggest and most famous urban music festival—is particularly controversial. This is an expensive and disruptive event, but one that celebrates urban and youth cultures, suggesting it may have positive as well as negative effects on park accessibility. Based on field work conducted from 2017 to 2020, and the analysis of documents covering the dispute, this case study assesses the ways that music festivals affect the status of Finsbury Park as a people’s park. The chapter highlights the wider implications of this local dispute and outlines the socio-spatial impacts of the shift in London towards parks financed by commercial income.
Institutional Strategies of ASEAN/ASEAN-Led Institutions
Authors: Koga Kei
Published: August 2022

This chapter examines the institutional strategy of each ASEAN and ASEAN-led institution in the four phases, 1990–2002, 2003–2012, 2013–2016, and 2017–2020: (1) ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Meeting (AMM), (2) ASEAN Summit, (3) ASEAN–China dialogues, (4) ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), (5) East Asia Summit (EAS), and (6) ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting (ADMM) and ADMM-Plus. All these frameworks are important because they, either formally or informally, discuss the traditional-security issues, including the South China Sea disputes. Moreover, these institutions experience different institutional growths, and the specific timing and function of their institutional development highlight the divergences in the evolution of institutional strategy. ASEAN+3 and ASEAN-PMC are excluded in the analysis because the ASEAN+3 has not been actively discussing the South China Sea issue while ASEAN-PMC only began to touch on the issue since the mid-2010s.
Conclusion: Future Implications of ASEAN’s Institutional Strategies
Authors: Koga Kei
Published: August 2022

This chapter discusses the validity of the conceptual and theoretical frameworks of institutional strategy by providing a quick overview of all the cases. It also compares the six cases and analyzes how the institutional division of labor among ASEAN member states was operationalized. The conclusion then discusses the future of the role of ASEAN and ASEAN-led institutions vis-à-vis the SCS situation as well as the strategic implications of an emerging geographical concept—the Indo-Pacific.
A dynamic foam test for evaluation of hand dishwashing compositions
Authors: Weeks Lloyd E. , Harris Jay C. , Brown Earl L.
Published: August 2022

A dynamic foam test for evaluation of hand‐dish‐washing compositions has been developed which gives good correlation with semipractical plate washing tests. Properties measured in the dynamic tests are foam build‐up index, foaming capacity, and stability of foam to soil.
Reconstructing bulk equation of motion using CFT modular Hamiltonians
Authors: Callebaut Nele , Lifschytz Gilad
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In the framework of bulk reconstruction, we elucidate the relationship between the action of CFT modular Hamiltonians on bulk operators, the possible equation of motion for the bulk operators, and the charge distribution at infinity corresponding to such bulk fields. In particular for scalar fields interacting with gravity or with gauge fields, we show how CFT considerations of the action of the modular Hamiltonian constrain the possible bulk equation of motion to be consistent with bulk gauge invariance and diffeomorphism invariance. In fact we show that requiring that the action of the modular Hamiltonian on a dressed bulk scalar operator be compatible with some unknown simple equation of motion, fixes, under reasonable assumptions, both the equation of motion and the action of the modular Hamiltonian once the first order $$ \frac{1}{N} $$

1
N

terms are known.
Effect of hysterectomy on re-operation for stress urinary incontinence: 10 year follow-up
Authors: Tulokas Sari , Mentula Maarit , Härkki Päivi , Brummer Tea , Kuittinen Tea , Mikkola Tomi , Rahkola-Soisalo Päivi
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Hysterectomy and mid-urethral sling (MUS) are common operations, but little is known about how hysterectomy after MUS affects the risk for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) relapse.

Methods

We included 49 women with a MUS before hysterectomy and 41 women with a MUS concomitant with hysterectomy. The controls, matched by age (± 2 years), MUS type (retropubic vs transobturator) and operation year (± 2 years), included 201 women who underwent the MUS operation without a subsequent hysterectomy. We used health care registers for follow-up of 12.4 years in median (IQR 10.9–14.7) after the MUS operation to compare the number of SUI re-operations and hospital re-visits for urinary incontinence.

Results

The re-operation rates for SUI did not differ between the women with MUS before hysterectomy (n = 2, 4.1%), women with MUS concomitant with hysterectomy (n = 2, 4.9%) and their controls (n = 4, 4.9%, p = 0.8 and n = 6, 5.0%, p = 1.0, respectively). There were significantly fewer urinary incontinence re-visits among women who had a MUS concomitant with the hysterectomy compared to their matched controls (n = 2 and 31, 5 and 31%, p < 0.01) and to the women with a MUS prior to hysterectomy (n = 2 and 10, 5 and 20%, respectively, p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Hysterectomy after or concomitant with MUS does not seem to increase the risk for SUI re-operation or hospital re-visits for urinary incontinence. These results can be used to counsel women considering hysterectomy after MUS operation or concomitant with MUS operation.
A method to estimate optimal renovation period of solar photovoltaic modules
Authors: Pardo Miguel Ángel , Jodar-Abellan Antonio , Vélez Sergio , Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús
Published: August 2022

Renewable energy sources are essential to reduce the negative impacts on the environment caused by burning fossil fuels. Using solar photovoltaic installations in recent years means that decision-makers must consider infrastructure renewal decisions. An expenditure framework to achieve the optimal renovation period of photovoltaic modules is proposed here from an economic standpoint. This approach includes not only the investment and maintenance costs but also energy and emissions savings. A sensitivity analysis was carried out using a case study in south-eastern Spain, achieving that the optimal renovation period ranges between 17.0 and 24.7 years. Many factors are studied to identify those with the greatest influence on this indicator. Installing a solar power system is always a profitable choice considering that the installation lifetime is 25 years. Neglecting the influence of these limits may cause potential savings not fully exploited.

Graphical abstract
Der Ergotismus – ein Ackerunkraut aus Mesopotamien wurde in Europa zum noch immer aktuellen Epidemie-Erreger
Authors: Flamm Heinz
Published: August 2022

Der im Zwischenstromland in den Weizenäckern als Unkraut gewachsene Roggen wurde in Europa zur züchtbaren Nutzpflanze und in bestimmten Gegenden zur vorherrschenden Getreidesorte. Mit dem Roggen ist auch sein Parasit, der Mutterkornpilz Claviceps purpurea, nach Europa gekommen. Dieser Schlauchpilz infiziert einzelne Roggenkörner, worauf er das deren Größe übertreffende, die giftigen Ergotalkaloide enthaltende Sklerotium, das Mutterkorn, bildet. Diese Stoffe erzeugen die zwei charakteristischen Krankheitsformen, den Ergotismus gangraenosus und den Ergotismus convulsivus.

Das klinische Bild des Ersteren war bereits in der beginnenden Neuzeit und noch ohne Kenntnis der Ursache als „Ignis sacer“, „Antonius-Feuer“ und „Kalter Brand“ bezeichnet worden. Bei dieser fieberfreien Erkrankung meist der Extremitäten zersetzte sich die Muskulatur ohne Blutungen und ohne Schmerzen und bald brachen die muskelfreien Knochen ab. Früher oder später tat der Tod ein. Die frühere Therapie war die Amputation.

Der Ergotismus convulsivus, der meist in den deutschen Gebieten als „Kriebelkrankheit“ beschrieben wurde, begann mit dem Gefühl des Ameisenlaufens auf den Gliedern, gefolgt durch das charakteristische Symptom der sehr schmerzhaften Kontrakturen der Hände und Füße. Es kam auch zum Verlust der Sinne und der Sprache und schließlich zum Tod.

Die hauptsächliche Aufnahme des Pilzgiftes mit Roggenmehlprodukten, aber auch bei der Gewinnung und Bearbeitung des geernteten Roggens und auch die Frage von „Carry-over“ beim Genuss von tierischen Nahrungsmitteln und Milch werden besprochen. Es wird betont, dass zur Einhaltung der gesetzlichen österreichischen und EU-Höchstwerte an Sklerotien bzw. Ergotalkaloiden in gewissen für die menschliche und die tierische Ernährung bestimmten Getreideprodukten die geschilderten derzeitigen präventiven Maßnahmen vor dem Vermahlen weiterhin notwendig sind.
Multiscale procedure to assign structural damage levels in masonry buildings from observed or numerically simulated seismic performance
Authors: Cattari Serena , Angiolilli Michele
Published: August 2022

The damage level (DL) is a fundamental metric in earthquake engineering and is particularly effective for multiple purposes, such as correlating structural damage to consequences and losses (e.g. economic, casualties, etc.) as well as to physical and mechanical variables quantifiable from both experimental and numerical tests. Despite the relevance of the topic, the conversion of complex information on the damage spreading over a 3D building into a synthetic DL remains an open issue for which there are currently no agreed-upon scientific criteria in the literature. Within this context, the study focuses on unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings by providing an analytical multi-scale approach that integrates structural damage at the panel-scale and macro-element size (where the macro-element is intended as an assemblage of components, like vertical walls or diaphragms). The approach is specifically conceived to be applied consistently to both observed and numerically simulated damage. As a result, the method is particularly effective for supporting the validation of numerical models or synthetically interpreting the huge amount of results from nonlinear analyses as much as feasible using an objective basis. The paper proposes a comparison of DL interpretation arising from other approaches in the current literature, highlighting their pros and cons. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is then assessed using four URM case studies, all of which exhibited primarily a ‘box-like behaviour’. They were specifically chosen based on the extremely detailed documentation available for both the damage and geometric/mechanical features of the buildings as well as aiming to reduce the uncertainty in the seismic input, making them ideal candidates also for validation purposes. To this end, the applicability of the procedure also to the damage simulated by nonlinear dynamic analyses was proven by adopting equivalent frame models of the case studies, developed and calibrated in previous researches. Definitely, the results encourage the adoption of the proposed procedure to interpret as analytically as possible the real damage that occurred on URM building, when accurate damage observations from field surveys are available, as well as that coming from  numerical simulations.
On the Heat Death and the Big Crunch
Authors: Müller Ingo , Müller Wolfgang H.
Published: August 2022

This article is an exercise in elementary mechanics and thermodynamics. It emphasizes the basic difference between mechanics and thermodynamics which lies in the irreversibility of the latter theory. Clausius [1] (Poggendorff’s Annalen der Physik, p. 125, 1865) – the discoverer of entropy – was led to express the dichotomy in the famous slogan

die Energie der Welt ist constant, and

die Entropie der Welt strebt einem Maximum zu.

(Gibbs put these slogans on top of his comprehensive memoir [2] (Gibbs, On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, pp. 108–248, 1876).)

And again Clausius [3] (Über den zweiten Hauptsatz der mechanischen Wärmetheorie, A lecture given at the general session of German natural scientists and physicians in Frankfurt/M on September 23, 1867, 1867) invented the notion of the heat death as the final destiny of the world. Nowadays it has become quiet around the heat death. Says Asimov [4] (Asimov’s Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 1975): “Though the laws of thermodynamics stand as firmly as ever, cosmologists ... [show] a certain willingness to suspend judgement on the matter of heat death.” And we, the authors of this article, might add that present-day cosmologists know so little about the universe that heat death is a tiny spot in the sea of ignorance and therefore not worthy of discussion by serious scientists. All the more reason to take a fresh look at the subject.

Now, however, this article is most definitely not a contribution to formal and technical cosmology as described in the monograph [5] (Cosmology, 2008) by S. Weinberg, or the popular booklet [6] (Fundamentals. Ten Keys to Reality, 2021) by F. Wilczek. Far from it! We treat a monatomic ideal gas under adiabatic conditions in two situations: The gas in a cylinder under a locked piston which – at some instance – is released; and a homogeneous cloud of gas at rest when – at some time – gravitation is “switched on”.

It is only by a big leap of imagination that the two cases may be viewed as models for the universe. We also admit that we do not know whether the universe is adiabatic and free of working. Clausius and Gibbs thought so and we follow authority and investigate the validity of the prediction of the heat death and the related idea of the big crunch under these assumptions. We shall confirm the heat death as a very hot event but refute the big crunch.
Trusting What Ought to Happen
Authors: Tallant Jonathan
Published: August 2022

This paper introduces a new account of trust and distrust. The core aim of the paper is to introduce an account of trust that places treats trust and what ‘ought’ to happen as close conceptual companions. Over the course of the paper, I develop the account and compare it with certain rival accounts.
The value sensitive design of a preventive health check app
Authors: Strikwerda Litska , van Steenbergen Marlies , van Gorp Anke , Timmers Cathelijn , van Grondelle Jeroen
Published: August 2022

In projects concerning big data, ethical questions need to be answered during the design process. In this paper the Value Sensitive Design method is applied in the context of data-driven health services aimed at disease prevention. It shows how Value Sensitive Design, with the use of a moral dialogue and an ethical matrix, can support the identification and operationalization of moral values that are at stake in the design of such services. It also shows that using this method can support meeting the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation.
Beyond (Non)-Instrumentalization: Migration and Dignity within a Kantian Framework
Authors: Mieth Corinna , Williams Garrath
Published: August 2022

This article offers a Kantian account of dignity violations in the context of contemporary migration to western states. It considers three major issues: “modern slavery,” statutory detention, and lack of rights to engage in economic activity. While most Kantian accounts emphasize the dignity violations of treating people as “mere means,” we point out that this does not capture the central issue: the “hostile environment” that so many migrants face. The first part of the article briefly sets out a Kantian account of dignity violations. The second part highlights two key differences between modern slavery and its historical forebears. It emphasizes the interpersonal rather than institutional character of modern slavery, and distinguishes trafficking from smuggling. The third part argues that migrants who lack formal rights to remain and work face institutional exclusions that violate human dignity. Policies that aim to discourage and restrict immigration demean people’s status as ends in themselves. Moreover, they do so by actively denying opportunities toact as meansfor others. As such, the article draws a link between Kant’s well-known cosmopolitan right not to be treated with hostility and his less well-known ethical duty, “to be a useful member of the world.” Dignity can be found in acting as a means for others; hostility and exclusion can violate dignity just as much as instrumentalization.
Opportunities, approaches and challenges to the engagement of citizens in filling small water body data gaps
Authors: Kelly-Quinn M. , Biggs J. N. , Brooks S. , Fortuño P. , Hegarty S. , Jones J. I. , Regan F.
Published: August 2022

Monitoring the condition (water quality, biodiversity, hydromorphology) of small water bodies presents a challenge for the relevant authorities in terms of time and resources (labour and financial) due to the extensive length of the stream network or the sheer number of small standing water bodies. Citizen science can help address information gaps, but the effort required should not be underestimated if such projects are to generate reliable and sustained data collection. The overall aim of this paper is to propose a framework for operationalisation of citizen science targeting collection of data from small water bodies. We first consider the data gaps and the elements (water chemistry, ecology, hydromorphology) to be addressed, in order to define where citizen science could best make an impact. We review examples of tools and methods that are appropriate for small water bodies, based on experience from a selection of freshwater citizen science projects, and the support that is needed for effective and sustained small water body projects across Europe.
Thinking About the Study of Buddhist Texts: Ideas from Jerusalem, in More Ways Than One
Authors: Silk Jonathan A.
Published: August 2022

Many issues are raised by thinking about “The Idea of Text in Buddhism.” This paper concentrates on scriptures of Indian Buddhism, and considers some of the questions raised or inspired by the papers presented at the 2019 Jerusalem conference on “The Idea of Text in Buddhism.” Consideration is given among other topics to multilingualism, in which context a comparison is offered with the traditions of the Targums in Jewish literature.
Engaging educators in the ideation of scenarios for cross-reality game-based learning experiences
Authors: Zarraonandia Telmo , Díaz Paloma , Aedo Ignacio , Bellucci Andrea
Published: August 2022

Cross-reality media technology creates alternate reality experiences in which the physical and the virtual world are interconnected and influence each other through a network of sensors and actuators. Despite technological advances, the landscape of cross-reality technology as an enabler of alternate reality educational experiences has not been explored yet. The technical expertise required to set up and program such mixed environments is too high to engage the problem owners (i.e. educational experts) in the design process and, hence, user-driven innovation remains challenging. In this paper we explore the co-creation of cross-reality experiences for educational games. We created a no-programming toolkit that provides a visual language and interface abstractions to quickly build prototypes of cross-reality interactions. The toolkit supports experience prototyping and allows designers to coproduce, with educational experts, meaningful scenarios while they create, try out and reconfigure their prototypes. We report on a workshop with 36 educators where the toolkit was used to ideate cross-reality games for education. We discuss use cases of game-based learning applications developed by the participants that follow different pedagogical strategies and combine different physical and virtual spaces and times. We outline implications for the design of cross-reality interactions in educational settings that trigger further research and technological developments.
Decentralisation or Recentralisation in Bolivia? Autonomous Territorial Entities and Intergovernmental Relations in a Decentralised State
Authors: del Campo Esther , Reinón Manuel Sánchez
Published: August 2022

The demand for regional autonomy, which crystallised in the 1990s during municipal decentralisation, has profoundly marked Bolivia’s political history. This article examines the reorientation of the autonomic model since the 2009 Constitution. This “recentralisation” is explained by: (a) the political hegemony achieved by the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) and its consequences for local politics; (b) regulatory centralism, especially in the Ley Marco de Autonomías y Descentralización (Autonomy and Decentralisation Law); (c) fiscal inequality in the financing of the different Autonomous Territorial Entities; and (d) the malfunctioning of the model of intergovernmental relations.