bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic evidence for glacial refugia of the temperate tree Eucryphia cordifolia (Cunoniaceae) in southern South America
Authors: Segovia Ricardo A. , Pérez María F. , Hinojosa Luis F.
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: The temperate forests of southern South America were greatly affected by glaciations. Previous studies have indicated that some cold‐tolerant tree species were able to survive glacial periods in small, ice‐free patches within glaciated areas in the Andes and in southern Patagonia. Here we asked whether populations of the mesothermic species Eucryphia cordifolia also were able to survive glaciations in these areas or only in unglaciated coastal areas.

• Methods: The chloroplast intergenic spacer trnV‐ndhC was sequenced for 150 individuals from 22 locations. Genetic data were analyzed (standard indexes of genetic diversity, a haplotype network, and genetic differentiation) in a geographical context.

• Key results: Two of the nine haplotypes detected were widespread in high frequency across the entire range of the species. The highest levels of genetic diversity were found around 40°S, decreasing sharply northward and more moderately southward. No differences in genetic diversity were found between Andean and coastal populations. Notably, seven haplotypes were found in a small area of the Coast Range known as the Cordillera Pelada (40°S). The differentiation coefficients GST and NST revealed that most of the genetic variation detected was due to variation within populations.

• Conclusions: The low levels of population differentiation and the high genetic diversity found in the Cordillera Pelada suggest that this area was the main refugium for E. cordifolia during glaciations. Nevertheless, given the high levels of genetic diversity found in some Andean populations, we cannot discount that some local populations also survived the glaciation in the Andes.
Variation in amine composition in plant species:How it integrates macroevolutionary and environmental signals
Authors: Hennion Françoise , Bouchereau Alain , Gauthier Cynthia , Hermant Marie , Vernon Philippe , Prinzing Andreas
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: While plants show lineage‐specific differences in metabolite composition, plant metabolites are also known to vary in response to the environment. The extent to which these different determinants of metabolite composition are mutually independent and recognizable is unknown. Moreover, the extent to which the metabolome can reconcile evolutionary constraint with the needs of the plant for rapid environmental response is unknown. We investigated these questions in plant species representing different phylogenetic lineages and growing in different subantarctic island environments. We studied their amines—metabolites involved in plant response to environmental conditions.

• Methods: Nine species were sampled under high salinity, water saturation, and altitude on the Kerguelen Islands. Their profiles of free aromatic, aliphatic, and acetyl‐conjugated amines were determined by HPLC. We related amine composition to species and environment using generalized discriminant analyses.

• Key results: Amine composition differed significantly between species within the same environment, and the differences reflected phylogenetic positions. Moreover, across all species, amine metabolism differed between environments, and different lineages occupied different absolute positions in amine/environment space. Interestingly, all species had the same relative shifts in amine composition between environments.

• Conclusion: Our results indicate a similar response of amine composition to abiotic environments in distantly related angiosperms, suggesting environmental flexibility of species is maintained despite major differences in amine composition among lineages. These results aid understanding of how in nature the plant metabolome integrates ecology and evolution, thus providing primordial information on adaptive mechanisms of plant metabolism to climate change.
Molecular phylogeny of Heteroplacidium, Placidium, and related catapyrenioid genera (Verrucariaceae, lichen‐forming Ascomycota)
Authors: Prieto María , Martínez Isabel , Aragón Gregorio , Gueidan Cécile , Lutzoni François
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: Verrucariaceae is a fascinating lineage of lichenized fungi for which generic and species delimitation is problematic due to the scarcity of discriminating morphological characters. Members of this family inhabit rocks, but they further colonize soils, barks, mosses, and other lichens. Our aim is to contribute to the DNA‐based inference of the Verrucariaceae tree of life and to investigate characters that could be useful for proposing a more natural classification. We focused on catapyrenioid genera, which are often part of biological soil crusts, a cryptogam‐dominated ecosystem contributing to soil formation and stabilization in arid environments. Understanding their evolution and taxonomy is essential to assess their roles in these fragile and important ecosystems.

• Methods: A multigene phylogeny of Verrucariaceae including catapyrenioid genera is presented. We further examined the phylogenetic relationships among members of Heteroplacidium and Placidium. The evolution of selected characters was inferred using the latter phylogeny.

• Key results: Anthracocarpon and Involucropyrenium were closely related to Endocarpon. Placidium comprised two monophyletic clades sister to Heteroplacidium. Inferred ancestral states of diagnostic characters revealed that the type of medulla and the pycnidia location were homoplasious within the Placidium clade. In contrast, the presence of rhizines was a synapomorphy for Clavascidium.

• Conclusions: Our results provide new information on the usefulness of characters for delineating groups in Verrucariaceae. Taxonomic changes are proposed to reflect more natural groupings: Heteroplacidium podolepis is transferred to Placidium, and Clavascidium is recognized as a different genus. Eight new combinations are proposed for Clavascidium.
Isolation and characterization of EST‐SSR markers in Schima mertensiana (Theaceae) using pyrosequencing technology
Authors: Setsuko Suzuki , Uchiyama Kentaro , Sugai Kyoko , Yoshimaru Hiroshi
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in Schima mertensiana, an evergreen tree that is endemic to the Bonin Islands, were developed to facilitate evaluation of the species's population genetic structure.

• Methods and Results: Using 149831 ESTs derived by pyrosequencing S. mertensiana complementary DNA (cDNA), 683 EST‐SSRs were developed, 48 of which were tested for amplification. Thirty of the 48 showed clear amplification and detected polymorphism in sampled populations, with mean expected heterozygosity at the amplified loci ranging from 0.045 to 0.874 (average 0.545).

• Conclusions: The markers developed in this study can be used for future studies of the genetic structure of S. mertensiana and related species.
The cuticle on the gametophyte calyptra matures before the sporophyte cuticle in the moss Funaria hygrometrica (Funariaceae)
Authors: Budke Jessica M. , Goffinet Bernard , Jones Cynthia S.
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: In vascular plants, leaf primordia prevent desiccation of the shoot apical meristem. Lacking leaves, the undifferentiated moss sporophyte apex is covered by the calyptra, a cap of maternal gametophyte tissue that is hypothesized to function in desiccation protection. Herein, we compare cuticle development on the calyptra and sporophyte to assess the calyptra's potential to protect the sporophyte from desiccation. As the first comprehensive study of moss sporophyte cuticle development, this research broadens our perspectives on cuticle development and evolution across embryophytes.

• Methods: Calyptrae and sporophytes at nine developmental stages were collected from a laboratory‐grown population of the moss Funaria hygrometrica. Tissues were embedded, sectioned, then examined using transmission electron microscopy. Epidermal cells were measured for thickness of the cuticle layers, cell wall thickness, and lumen size.

• Key results: The calyptra cuticle develops precociously and reaches maturity before the sporophyte cuticle. Calyptrae are covered by a four‐layered cuticle at all stages, whereas sporophyte cuticle maturation is delayed until sporangium formation. The development and thickening of the sporophyte cuticle occurs in an acropetal wave.

• Conclusions: A multilayered calyptra cuticle at the earliest developmental stages is consistent with its ability to protect the immature sporophyte from desiccation. Young sporophytes lack a complex cuticle and thus may require protection, whereas in older sporophytes a mature cuticle develops. The moss calyptra is not a vestigial structure, but rather the calyptra's role in preventing desiccation offers a functional explanation for calyptra retention during the 450 Myr of moss evolution.
A new Oligocene Calocedrus from South China and its implications for transpacific floristic exchanges
Authors: Shi Gongle , Zhou Zhiyan , Xie Zhiming
Published: January 2012

• Premise of the Study: Calocedrus is among the genera with a typical eastern Asian–western North American disjunct distribution today. The origin of its modern distribution pattern can be better understood by examining its fossil record.

• Methods: The present article reports for the first time a new fossil species of this genus based on compressed material from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China, in its present major distribution area in eastern Asia.

• Key Results: Calocedrus huashanensis sp. nov. is most similar to the two extant eastern Asian species, C. macrolepis and C. formosana, in gross morphology of foliage shoots and bears a close resemblance to the latter in cuticle structure. It shows a general similarity to the North American fossil representatives of the genus in alternately branched foliage shoots but is clearly different from the European Paleogene species characterized by oppositely branched leafy shoots.

• Conclusions: This discovery provides new evidence for the floristic exchange of this genus between eastern Asia and North America before the Oligocene (most likely in the Eocene), presumably via the Bering land bridge. The flattened leafy shoots and dimorphic leaves with thin cuticle, open stomatal pits, and shallowly sunken guard cells of the present fossils suggest a rather humid climate during the Oligocene in the Ningming area, South China.
Anatomical, biochemical, and photosynthetic responses to recent allopolyploidy in Glycine dolichocarpa (Fabaceae)
Authors: Coate Jeremy E. , Luciano Amelia K. , Seralathan Vasu , Minchew Kevin J. , Owens Tom G. , Doyle Jeff J.
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: Previous studies have shown that polyploidy has pronounced effects on photosynthesis. Most of these studies have focused on synthetic or recently formed autopolyploids, and comparatively little is known about the integrated effects of natural allopolyploidy, which involves hybridity and genome doubling and often incorporates multiple genotypes through recurrent origins and lineage recombination.

• Methods: Glycine dolichocarpa (designated T2) is a natural allotetraploid with multiple origins. We quantified 21 anatomical, biochemical, and physiological phenotypes relating to photosynthesis in T2 and its diploid progenitors, G. tomentella (D3) and G. syndetika (D4). To assess how direction of cross affects these phenotypes, we included three T2 accessions having D3‐like plastids (T2D3) and two accessions having D4‐like plastids (T2D4).

• Key results: T2 accessions were transgressive (more extreme than any diploid accession) for 17 of 21 phenotypes, and species means differed significantly in T2 vs. both progenitors for four of 21 phenotypes (higher for guard cell length, electron transport capacity [Jmax] per palisade cell, and Jmax per mesophyll cell; lower for palisade cells per unit leaf area). Within T2, four of 21 parameters differed significantly between T2D3 and T2D4 (palisade cell volume; chloroplast number and volume per unit leaf area; and Jmax per unit leaf area).

• Conclusions: T2 is characterized by transgressive photosynthesis‐related phenotypes (including an ca. 2‐fold increase in Jmax per cell), as well as by significant intraspecies variation correlating with plastid type. These data indicate prominent roles for both nucleotypic effects and cytoplasmic factors in photosynthetic responses to allopolyploidy.
X-ray spectroscopy characterization of self-assembled monolayers of nitrile-substituted oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s with variable chain length
Authors: Hamoudi Hicham , Kao Ping , Nefedov Alexei , Allara David L , Zharnikov Michael
Published: January 2012

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of nitrile-substituted oligo(phenylene ethynylene) thiols (NC-OPEn) with a variable chain length n (n ranging from one to three structural units) on Au(111) were studied by synchrotron-based high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. The experimental data suggest that the NC-OPEn molecules form well-defined SAMs on Au(111), with all the molecules bound to the substrate through the gold–thiolate anchor and the nitrile tail groups located at the SAM–ambient interface. The packing density in these SAMs was found to be close to that of alkanethiolate monolayers on Au(111), independent of the chain length. Similar behavior was found for the molecular inclination, with an average tilt angle of ~33–36° for all the target systems. In contrast, the average twist of the OPEn backbone (planar conformation) was found to depend on the molecular length, being close to 45° for the films comprising the short OPE chains and ~53.5° for the long chains. Analysis of the data suggests that the attachment of the nitrile moiety, which served as a spectroscopic marker group, to the OPEn backbone did not significantly affect the molecular orientation in the SAMs.
Research on the Broadband Dual-Excited Underwater Acoustic Transducer
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wang De Shi , Wang Peng , Du Yi Qun
Published: January 2012

The performance of bandwidth and transmitting voltage response to the piezoelectric dual-excited underwater acoustic transducer are studied by FEM software ANSYS in the paper. At first, the mechanism of the dual-excited transducer is analyzed, once this is done, The FEM models with different axial dimension of the piezoelectric stack and the mid mass, Al and steel are specified for the material of mid mass respectively. the calculated curves are contrasted, the results were found that the appropriate proportion of the mid-mass to the stack will broaden the bandwidth and enhance the transmitting voltage response, the increase of the thickness of the mid-mass will reduce the transmitting voltage response, and the bandwidth can be expanded to 13kHz, the resonance frequency has shifted to a higher value, it ranges from 34kHz to 46kHz. The results show that one octave bandwidth could be achieved and provide support for the next production and experiment of the broadband underwater acoustic transducer.
Experiments of Ultrasonic Sensing Using FBG Sensors
Authors: Shi Wei Wei , Hu Ting Ting , Tan Yue Gang
Published: January 2012

This research aims at investigating the response characteristics of fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) to ultrasonic signals. The testing system was set up with a tunable laser source and the FBGs installed on the surface of an aluminum plate. Then the response characteristics of FBGs were compared, in condition of putting the ultrasonic driving source in the different longitudinal, lateral and angular separation. Measurements were taken by changing the distance between the sensor and the transducer from 60 mm to 200 mm with a step of 20 mm. Then keeping the distance at 100 mm and 200 mm respectively, do the angular experiment with the angle from 0° to 90° by the step of 10°. Experiment results show that FBG can get better signals when the transducer is along its axial direction. When the location of the transducer is changed linearly, no obvious linear change of the signal strength has been found.
Measurement of Natural Properties of a Beam Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Han Qing Peng , Gao Pei Xin , Tang Ling , Sun Xiao Wei , Luo Zhong
Published: January 2012

The natural properties of flexible beam is measured by using machine vision in which the image of vibrate flexible Beam is acquired continuously. Different from the previous contact measurement methods, the binary processing method and centroid method is utilized to binarize the image and extracts the position of marked point. Gathering and calculating the position information preprocessed in MATLAB indicates the natural properties of flexible beam. Furthermore, the test results compared with the theoretical analysis verifies the validity of the proposed method.
A Signature Identification Method Based on Strength and Strokes Direction
Authors: Huang Hai Long , Wang Hong , Ji Li
Published: January 2012

It was much more complex and difficult for off-line signature identification attributable to the limitation of available information. To solve the problem, a signature identification method based on strength and strokes direction was proposed. The signature image acquired was gray-scaled and filtered at the stage of preprocess; then the image was two-valued with different threshold based on strength feature, the regions which grayscale was less than threshold were retained; the strokes which possess distinctive directional feature were extracted by using mathematical morphology and combining different scales/directions structure element based on strokes direction feature; at last judgement was maked for sample in accordance with corresponding feature. Experimental results showed the proposed method can enhance accurate rate effectively, improve real-time performance, which was a try beneficial to apply new methods for off-line signature identification.
A System for Relieving Mental Fatigue Based on Light and Sound Stimulation
Authors: Zhang Yang , Geng Xin , Wang Hong
Published: January 2012

A kind of stimulation device aiming at alleviating brain fag was designed. Meanwhile, the specific stereo signal which is expected to induce alpha-wave of human brain was programmed and encoded into audio files. To evaluating the effectiveness of this system, a comparison test was conducted. Volunteers are divided into control group and experimental group. Via power spectral analyzing, we can find the difference of EEG signals between control group and experimental group in alpha band (8~13Hz). It can be noted that the intensity of alpha-wave and beta-wave of experimental group is larger than that of control group obviously.
An Experimental Study of EMG Signal Features for Motion Discriminations Using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Shinozaki Takuya , Kojima Kazuki , Ito Satoshi , Sasaki Minoru
Published: January 2012

This paper treats a discrimination problem of wrist/hand motion patterns from EMG signal. We examined which of the following signal features was appropriate: raw signal, integrated signal (IEMG), the max frequency component, power spectrum or rising voltage level. For the discrimination algorism, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) was introduced. As a result, around 80% discrimination rate was accomplished from integrated signal, power spectrum and rising voltage level. The IEMG signal scored the highest 83.3% discrimination rate.
Investigation on a Novel Sensing Technology for the Detection of Blood Coagulation Based on Liquid Resonance Characteristics
Authors: Liu Sheng Ping , Zhou Qi , Chen Guo Ming
Published: January 2012

Based on the liquid resonance principle, a novel sensing technology for detecting the blood coagulation was proposed. The course of blood coagulation can alter its inherent properties, such as viscosity and density. As a result, liquid resonance frequency of blood will change with the blood agglomeration. A gold-plated Interdigital Electrode (IDE) was fabricated and a detection system was designed for the acquisition of the frequency. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was measured using the IDE and the detection system. For four volunteers, the activated partial thromboplastin time measured is 22-37 seconds, which are consistent with the reference value 22-38 seconds. The results indicated that the liquid resonance frequency can characterize the course of blood coagulation.
Distinctions in Weight Perception between Constrained and Unconstrained Lifting of Objects
Authors: Rahman S.M. Mizanoor , Ikeura Ryojun , Hayakawa Soichiro , Yu Hao Yong
Published: January 2012

We made two objects (hollow metal cylinders) with identical appearance. One was called the constrained object; another was called the unconstrained object. Human subjects lifted the constrained and unconstrained objects separately for various experiment conditions. We compared human’s weight perception between the two types of objects. Results showed that weight perception between constrained and unconstrained lifting was almost the same. In our previous research, we developed a power assist system for lifting objects and determined a psychophysical relationship between actual and perceived weights for the objects lifted with the system [1]. The perceived weights were 40% of actual weights. However, the objects lifted with the system were constrained objects (as they were tied to the force sensor) that might affect the accuracy of the relationship. The results of this paper confirm that the constraint does not affect weight perception too much, which reconfirms that the psychophysical relationship between actual and perceived weights derived in our previous research was correct [1].
System Analysis and Design of Gripping Device for Wafer Transfer Robot
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhuang Xian Wen , Hao Li Na , Liu Hong Tao
Published: January 2012

This paper analyzes the decision method for selecting components of gripping devices for wafer transfer robots from the system point of view and thus provides the basis for type selection and design. Analysis is completed through four steps: First, introduce the role of wafer transfer robot and gripping device in IC manufacture system and analyze the fundamental functions that are essential for wafer gripping; Second, analyze wafer gripping device systematically and divide it into six parts which are called basic elements and provide the implementation methods respectively; Third, analyze and summarize specific requirements to wafer gripping device in wafer transfer process; Finally, analyze and compare the relativity between each basic element and the specific requirement, then give the analysis result in the use of a data table. Through the above analysis of this paper, designers of wafer transfer robot can do analysis and comparison to select suitable components for wafer gripping device, thereby shorten the design circle of robots and improve efficiency.
Multi-Objective Optimal Kinematic Design of 3-TPS/TP Parallel Robot Manipulator
Authors: Luo Ji Man , Wang Da Long , Xing Zhi Hui , Kwok Ngai Ming
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this research work is to find the optimized kinematic structural parameters of the 3-TPS/TP parallel manipulator while taking into consideration the workspace, kinematic properties and other factors. The Ranked Pareto Particle Swarm Optimization (RP-PSO) approach is applied to solve the multi-objective optimization problems. Firstly, the structure of the parallel manipulator and its kinematic model are devised. Then, we set up the kinematical performance indices for the evaluation of manipulator working properties, including Local Condition Index (LCI), Global Condition Index (GCI) and Good Condition Workspace (GCW). The optimization is further carried out in a Parameter Design Space (PDS) with normalized geometry parameters. Then the geometry optimization problems are solved using a PDS based RP-PSO approach. Finally, the feasibility of this approach is supported by examples given this paper.
Directional Control of a Driver-Heavy-Vehicle Closed-Loop System
Authors: Li Shao Hua , Yang Shao Pu , Chen Na
Published: January 2012

A two degree of freedom (DOF) lateral dynamic model for a three-axe heavy vehicle is set up and the vehicle ordinary differential equations of motion are derived. The nonlinear lateral tire forces are obtained by Gim model with vertical loads, slip angles and cornering performances of front and rear tires being input parameters. A revised closed-loop single-point preview method is proposed to model the driver’s directional control performance. In this proposed method, the steering angle of front wheels is calculated in real time according to the track error between a certain point ahead of the vehicle and the required route. Then the steering angle is input into the vehicle model to gain the dynamic responses and position of the vehicle in next time step. Thus the driver-heavy-vehicle closed-loop system is built. The dynamic responses of the system are simulated on the condition of double lane change and the effects of system parameters on the path following behavior of the vehicle are researched. Then the advice on how to improve the vehicle directional control ability can be brought forward.
Modeling and Control of Flexible Hydraulic Robotic Arm
Authors: Dai Li , Wu Yao , Wang Jian , Li Yun Gong , Liu Yu
Published: January 2012

Flexible hydraulic robotic arm is a complicated system which coupled by mechanics and hydraulics. It is widely applied in all kinds of large engineering equipments, such as concrete pump truck, bridge monitor truck, arm frame of crane, etc. The arm system of the hydraulic robotic arm is a multi-body system with redundant freedom, strong nonlinear, coupled with rigid and flexible characters. So it is of great theoretic value and real engineering significance to study the arm system of the robotic arm. In this theme, the movement of flexible hydraulic robotic arm and hydraulic cylinders are seperately analyzed with flexible multi-body dynamics, and the mechanical hydraulic dynamic model of the driving system and the arm system is built with Lagrange Equation and Virtual Work Theory. And the dynamic differential equation is built with the driving force of the hydraulic cylinder as the main force. With the track programming and the optimization method, the dynamic converse problem of the arm end track is researched, so as to get the optimized rotation angle when the arm end reaches the expected point. By using the PD control theory, without decoupling and rank-decreasing, only with feed back from the hydraulic system to realize the close loop control of the arm end position, pose and movement, the relationship between the hydraulic system and the end position & pose is studied, so that the flexible distortion is reduced and the libration is restrained. What’s more, the simulation model of the mechanical arms is built by the dynamic simulation software. The simulation result prove that the movement equation built by this way can clearly describe each dynamic character of the mechanical arms.
Dynamic Analysis of a 165Kg Spot Welding Robot
Authors: Cheng Li , Liu Yu Wang , Wang Hong Guang , Chang Yong , Song Yi Feng , Luo Hai Tao
Published: January 2012

A novel 165Kg spot welding robot is introduced, which is independently developed by China. The Newton-Euler approach is used to derive the dynamic equation. Then, entity model of the robot is built up with Solidworks software. The motion of the robot is planned by the position, velocity and acceleration of all the joint. The first three joints, which bear most of the payload and the own weight of the robot, are set with maximum acceleration during the accelerating/ decelerating process. According to the planned trajectory, dynamic simulation is carried out using Solidworks. The driving torques of each joint are obtained. From the dynamic analysis, we find the position yielding the maximum driving torque while the robot is moving with the maximum payload and the maximum speed. The moment of inertia is a predominant influence in the causation of big actuating torque.
Analysis of Multi-Fingered Grasp and Manipulation of Ping-Pong Racket
Authors: Liu Yu Wang , Leng Yu Quan , Wang Hong Guang , Zhou Wei Jia
Published: January 2012

According to the human playing of ping-pong racket, this paper originally analyzes the multi-fingered grasping and manipulating of ping-pong racket and points out the three aspects have to be studied to make sure the grasp is stable and the manipulation is dexterous. Two of those three aspects are studied respectively: the least needed number and the distribution of degrees of the multi-fingered hand is determined at first; then the kinematic planning for robotic hand grasping ping-pong racket is studied, and a new method is proposed to selected the right solution in the planning. The simulation result in the end proofs that the kinematic planning and the method are right and effective.
Research on Pedestrian’s Detection Based on the Integration of AdaBoost Algorithm and Shape Features
Authors: Yang Ying , Ma Yu Gang , Guo Xiao Dong , Jiao Kun
Published: January 2012

In this Paper, Propose a Pedestrian Detection Method that Based on Adaboost Algorithm and Pedestrian Shape Features Integration. First According to the Collected Pedestrian True, False Sample, Selected the Characteristics of the Extended Class Haar, Adopt Adaboost Algorithm Training Get Pedestrian Classifier to Split the Initial Candidate Region of All Pedestrians in the Image. in this Paper, Propose an Adaptive Threshold Weight Update Method, Significantly Reduced the Number of the Characteristics of Strong Classifier, Optimize the Classifier Structure, Reduce the Complexity of the Algorithm; Meanwhile, the Online Update Detector, Improving the Reliability of the Detector. Pedestrian Leg Have Strong Vertical Edge Symmetry Characteristic so that Extracted the Vertical Edge Detection in the Initial Candidate Region, According to the Symmetry Determine the Vertical Axis of Symmetry, Combined with the Morphological Characteristics of Pedestrians to Determine the Width and Height Characteristics of the Pedestrian, to Determine the Pedestrian Candidate Region, Finally, Put a Further Validation to the Pedestrian Candidate Region.
Research on Dimensional Inspection System of Thin Sheet Part Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Wu Ji Gang , Li Xue Jun , Qin Bin
Published: January 2012

Key technologies of dimensional inspection system of thin sheet part based on machine vision are investigated, and an entire machine vision inspection system is developed. A cad information-based line scanning step adaptive optimization method used for image grabbing of inspected part is proposed. A rectangle lens subpixel edge detection method based on cubic spline interpolation used for edge detection is advanced. A planar contour primitive recognition method based on curvature and HOUGH transform used for image recognition is raised. The inspection accuracy of the inspection system can reach to 1μm, and the inspection time can satisfy the requirements of on-line real-time inspection, so the inspection system is feasible.
Investigation on Slot/Pole Number Combinations for PMSM with Concentrated Fractional Slot Winding
Authors: Liu Guang Qi
Published: January 2012

Five features of slot number-phase table of cell motor are deeply discussed in this paper. Then it is derived that four constraints of cell motor with fractional slot winding and two additional constraints of cell motor with concentrated fractional slot winding. Finally, the equivalent calculation of spread factor of fractional slot motor and integral slot motor is proposed by use of the dummy motor. Because Slot number-phase table is brought in, the method proposed by this paper is convenient to carry out automatic analysis and calculation by computer.
The Real-Time Look-Ahead NURBS Curve Interpolation Algorithm
Authors: Wang Geng Zhu
Published: January 2012

To ensure a given chord error, through the division of the cusp, the NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splins) curve is divided into several sections and the speed of the various sections is planned accordingly. The acceleration and deceleration time period is recalculated, which results in a smooth speed transition curve.
A Study on CO2/CO Dual Sensor Module by NDIR Method
Authors: Lee Byung Seok , Kim Kyoung Hoon , Yeom Young Deok , Kim Hyun Tae , Lee Joon Hwa , Kim Gyu Sik , Lim Chung Hyuk
Published: January 2012

This research deals with the CO2/CO Dual Sensor Module measuring CO2 and CO, that is the representative environmental harmful material, simultaneously. In the measurement of the CO2and CO generally, the Non-Dispersive InfraRed method(NDIR method) is used for the precise measurement and durability. This method is to measure the concentration of the gas by using the Lambert-beer rule. When measuring the gas density with the NDIR method, the important factor is the apparatus for being called an optical chamber consisting of the emitter sensor and detector sensor are used for measuring concentration of the gas. Thus, this paper introduces an optical chamber of the new way of using the NDIR method and through this, shows an experimental result of the CO2gas concentration measurement and it presents possibility for measurement of the concentration of the CO.
Acquisition and Analysis System of the Ballistocardiogram Signal Based on Virtual Instruments
Authors: Jiang Fang Fang , Wang Xu , Yang Dan , Hao Yu
Published: January 2012

Ballistocardiogram signal (BCG) is a non-invasive technique for the assessment of the cardiac function. It consists mainly of heart movement and the movement of blood in aorta, arteries, and periphery, which can be used to real-time monitor the heart rate and respiration frequency at home. In our laboratory, a sitting BCG detection chair has been designed successfully, and the acquisition and analysis system based on virtual instruments is proposed in this paper. MATLAB7.0 and LabVIEW8.5 were used to simulate the operational environment, and the results show high efficiency and accuracy in displaying waveform and spectrum, extracting main characteristics of heart rate and respiratory frequency, and alerting when abnormal heart-rate occurs.
Source Data Model of Integration Manufacturing Information System
Authors: Feng Yong Jun
Published: January 2012

The moments transmitted by a universal joint in varying operating condition was investigated. A model of shaft system driven by a universal joint which consists of a driving shaft, a driven shaft and a cross piece is chose. Both structure misalignment and error misalignment between the two shafts at the universal joint was considered, and the study was based on the assumption that friction, inertia and elastic forces of the cross piece were disregarded. Two pairs of Euler angles were introduced to denote structure misalignment and error misalignment respectively, sets of reference frames were built up on the driving shaft, driven shaft and cross piece. Using direction cosine matrixes to describe the relation between different frames, then the expressions of components of the Considering the processes of manufacturing enterprise design, plan, technology, manufacture and etc, it analyses the composition and interdependence of enterprise information system data in this paper. Emphasizing the technical and process section data, analyzing these data’s source, attribute and outgoing. It creates an integral information system basic data model, obtains a system overlap model of these kinds of source data acquisition, provides a settle method for source data incomplete, inaccurate, and substandard of the manufacturing enterprise information system.
Implementation of FxLMS Algorithm Based on Level-2 S-Function and Behavior Analysis
Authors: Zhang Feng , Li Yi Nong , Wang Lei
Published: January 2012

Active vibration control use an active force from secondary path to suppress or attenuate periodic or quasi-periodic vibration and noises, one of the popular control algorithms is filtered-x least mean square (FxLMS) adaptive method. Based on structure of FxLMS algorithm, the paper uses Level-2 S-fun to create a new FxLMS blocks in Matlab/Simulink and apply it on vibration active control system simulator. Results of computer simulation showed the custom FxLMS block’s feasibility and control algorithm’s efficiency. On the condition of stabilization, behavior analysis was also taken out by adjusting the interior parameters, including the number of Weights and the Step size.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Jeffcott Rotor System with Rub-Impact Fault
Authors: Chen Ya Zhe , Liu Li Qun , Liu Yang , Wen Bang Chun
Published: January 2012

The rub-impact fault of Jeffcott rotor system which is generally made of an elastic shaft with supported by two bearings at ends and a lumped mass at the mid-span of shaft is the main research subject of this paper. The mechanical model and finite element model of a lump mass at the mid-span of shaft is set up. The dynamics of it are studied by nonlinear finite element method under the rub-impact conditions, and by investigating the effects of stiffness of stator and the clearance between rotor-stator. From the study results, use finite element method to study the rotor system failure problem is intuitive and convenient, high accuracy, high reliability, can be widely applied.
Development of a Kind of Mine Staff Management System
Authors: Chen Wen Lin , Liu Bao Song , Sun Shi Wei , Hao Li Na
Published: January 2012

Designing the mine staff management system based on the RFID technology and GIS technology. The personnel ID information can be collected by the locating substation and transmitted to monitor center by the wireless network and cables. User’s personnel ID information which is collected by the locating substation can be used to check the staff attendance and offer the rescuer some information with the trapped victims.
The Study of Interoperability Test for Onboard Control System in Railway Condition
Authors: Baek Jong Hyen , Kim Yong Kyu , Lee Jae Ho , Jo Hyen Jung
Published: January 2012

For the purpose of improving the future domestic train control systems and securing interoperability, according to the global development trends of train control systems, it is presented that the test results of interoperability between wayside train control systems installed in existed line, and the onboard train control system. Due to the safety-critical characteristics of train systems, the site test in the section where the wayside equipment is installed may lead to a danger against safety. Therefore, by way of constructing a simulation environment of train control systems, the T/R data systems of the equipment for interoperability are confirmed and the interoperability test are obtained by applying these systems to onboard equipment.
Verification Experiment and Analysis for Electrical Utilities Diagnosis System by HFPD Detector
Authors: Yoo Jeong Hyun , Dilimureti Tuer Hong , Kim Hie Sik
Published: January 2012

It is important to secure the technology of electrical devices diagnosis to provide reliability of electrical power supplies in the modern society. In this paper, the electrical utilities diagnosis system is developed by the core technology for the high frequency partial discharge (HFPD) detection. The system detects the partial discharge generated in the electrical devices and analyzes the stability for operation status of the electrical utilities on uninterruptible power supply condition. In addition, we evaluate the stability and reliability for the electrical utilities diagnosis system by the experiments in the laboratory. In result, we find the partial discharge signal patterns by the trouble types of the electrical devices. In the future, we‘ll prevent the power failure accident through monitoring the inside strange status of the electrical devices.
Dynamic Simulation on Impact Test of Vehicle Wheel
Authors: Zheng Yu Qing , Li Bing , Wang Zhen Lin
Published: January 2012

This paper establishes a numerical procedure to predict the aluminum wheel performance during the impact test. The dynamic finite element solver, Ansys-Lsdyna970, is used. In order to save the computation time, the striker is assigned with an initial velocity, which is equal to the velocity reached during the free-fall period upon release. Mass scaling method is also utilized to further reduce computational time. Equivalent plastic strain is used as the damage indicator to judge pass or fail for the dynamic impact test. The true stress-strain curve is obtained from a uni-axial tensile test of A356-T6 samples machined from a prototype wheel. Simulation results show that plastic deformation tends to be localized around spoke-to-hub junction area. Studies on a recent prototype wheel revealed good correlation between experimental results and numerical prediction.
Fluid Finite Element Analysis for Hot-Air Valve Duct
Authors: Yao Y. , Yu H.
Published: January 2012

Hot-air valve can be easily ineffective during the operation due to the bad influence of the eddy heat on the bottom outer-edge of the valve plate. COSMOSFloworks software was used to analyze the flow field of DN1800 hot-air valve duct in a certain domestic company, by adopting the classical formula of heat transfer theory’s convective recuperative system as reference. The analysis results showed that during the beginning opening of hot-air valve duct, the bottom outer-edge of valve plate receive the influence that the hot-air enforce convection heat exchanger, while during the late opening of hot-air valve duct , the bottom outer-edge of valve plate receive the influence of eddy heat exchange. Based on this analysis , the paper suggests the measures which bring down the temperature of outer-edge of valve plate .
Micro-Scale Modeling of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Materials
Authors: Abbassi Fethi , Gherissi A. , Zghal Ali , Mistou Sébastien , Alexis Joël
Published: January 2012

Thin-walled textile-reinforced composite parts possess excellent properties, including lightweight, high specific strength, internal torque and moment resistance which offer opportunities for applications in mass transit and ground transportation. In particular, the composite material is widely used in aerospace and aircraft structure. In order to estimate accurately the parameters of the constitutive law of woven fabric composite, it is recommended to canvass multi-scale modeling approaches: meso, micro and macro. In the present investigation, based on the experimental results established by carrying out observations by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), we developed a micro-scale FEM model of carbon-fiber reinforced thermoplastic using a commercial software ABAQUS. From the SEM cartography, one identified two types of representative volume elementary (RVE): periodic and random distribution of micro-fibers in the yarn. Referring to homogenization method and by applying the limits conditions to the RVE, we have extracted the coefficients of the rigidity matrix of the studied composites. In the last part of this work, we compare the results obtained by random and periodic RVE model of carbon/PPS and we compute the relative error assuming that random model gives the right value.
Predicting the Reliability of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Bundles in Mechanical Structures
Authors: El-Hami Khalil , El Hami Abdelkhalak
Published: January 2012

We report new experimental and theoretical study of mechanical property of aligned and nonaligned (entangled) single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and their effect on nanostructures. Experimentally, the contact mode atomic force microscopy cantilever tip is used to measure the Young’s modulus of aligned and nonaligned SWCNTs. The measured Young's modulus of aligned SWCNT bundles ranged between 1100 GPa (1.1 TPa) and 1300 GPa (1.3 TPa) with a relative uncertainty of 5 % whereas that of the entangled SWCNT bundles ranged between 500 GPa and 700 GPa. Young’s modulus increase with aligned SWCNT bundles and then increase their performance in nanostructure comparing with entangled SWCNT bundles. We put emphasis on the combination of physical modeling and reliability based design optimization of nanomaterials. After investigation, we could make suggestions such as how to improve the reliability of nanodevices and nanosystems, and how to reduce cost and economic rates.
Design and Realization of One Key Download Software Based on Distributed Control System
Authors: Kong Ya Guang , Huang Biao
Published: January 2012

In view of the complex and error-prone steps when hardware configuration software downloads its engineering files to control templates in a distributed control system, the OneKeyDownload was designed to develop the hardware configuration software, and it was realized by C++. The practice shows that the developments of OneKeyDownload not only simplify the download steps, but also shorten the download time, and it can download the files according to the accurate order by judging the control template is master or slave automatically.
Research on the Construction Strength and Pressurize Capability of Two-Joint Mating System of Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Zhong Lin , Wang Li Quan
Published: January 2012

With the development and researching more on the ocean, underwater mating technique has been widely used such as ocean workstation, aid submarine lifesaving and military affairs field. In this paper, in order to increase capacity of adapting platform obliquity and adopting rotational skirt scheme, two-joint mating system of underwater vehicle was designed including three-dimension assembly design and control system. It is indicated that the system can meet working space of underwater vehicle passageway and there is not interference phenomenon by assembly design. The finite element of system shell and pressurize of the joint was established. The computing result and pressing test is accordant, thus it is testified that the shell material can meet strength need and joint pressurize is reliable.
Petri Nets-Based Implement Process Model for Engineering Change on Aero-Engine Assembly Field
Authors: Li Lian Hui , Mo Rong , Sun Hui Bin , Chang Zhi Yong
Published: January 2012

The traditional artificial mode of engineering change implementing in aero-engine assembly field often results in difficulties of the process control. To solve this problem, this paper firstly puts forward an aero-engine assembly field configuration relationship model (AACRM) based on the configuration data structure and correlation coordination relationship between configuration items, then analyzes the structure of engineering change document and its implementation process in assembly field. Lastly, assembly field engineering change implementing process model (AEIPM) is established based on Petri nets modeling method, which constructs the implementing and confirming process of engineering change from a product level to a step level and then from a step level to a product level.
Effect of Temperature on Performance Parameters of Metallurgical Grade Polysilicon Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Li Fu , Tan Yi , Yang Zhen Qiang , Gao Ze Fei , Nie Ying
Published: January 2012

By the stable operation of the experiments in actual outdoor conditions nearly a year, we find that the property of metallurgical silicon solar cells proves to be stable. The results show that the relationship between S-P could be expressed as a quartic equation. As the higher surface temperature of solar cells at noon on sunny day, both the open circuit voltage and the operating voltage are lower, the output power is reduced. It is concluded that the water cooling on the surface of the solar cells when the temperature T>50°C could improve power generation efficiency.