bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radon as an anthropogenic indoor air pollutant as exemplified by radium-dial watches and other uranium- and radium-containing artefacts
Authors: Crockett Robin G. M. , Gillmore Gavin K.
Published: December 2016

Radon is generally regarded as a naturally occurring radiological hazard but we report here measurements of significant, hazardous radon concentrations that arise from man-made sources: for example, radium-dial watches. This study is an examination and assessment of health risks from radium and uranium found in historical artefacts, and the radon that emanates from them. This includes radium-dial watches, the main focus, plus clocks, aircraft instruments, and ornaments and artefacts made of uranium glass/uranium-glazed. Such objects were very popular in the 1930s and 1940s, and are still readily available today.

A collection of 30 radium-dial pocket and wrist watches was measured and shown to be capable of giving rise to radon concentrations two orders of magnitude greater than the UK Domestic Action Level of 200 Bq m
−3
in unventilated or poorly ventilated rooms. Furthermore, individual watches are capable of giving rise to radon concentrations in excess of the UK Domestic Action Level. We also highlight a gap in remediation protocols, which are focused on preventing radon entering buildings from outside, with regard to internally generated radon hazards. Radon as arising from man-made objects, such as radium-dial watches, should be considered appropriately in radon protocols and guidelines.
Network organization paradigm
Authors: Alqithami Saad
Published: December 2016

Fervent communication on social networking sites provides opportunities for potential issues to trigger individuals into individual action as well as the attraction and mobilization of like-minded individuals into an organization that is both physically and virtually emergent. Examples are the rapid pace of Arab Spring and the diffusion rate of the Occupy Movement. We intend to view this as a complex adaptive system where diverse agents perform various actions without adherence to a predefined structure. The achievement of joint actions will be a result of continual interactions between them that shape a dynamic network. Agents may form an ad hoc organization based on a dynamic network of interactions for the purpose of achieving a long-term objective, which we termed as a
Network Organization
(NO).
Posttranslational modification of β-catenin is associated with pathogenic fibroblastic changes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Sucre Jennifer M. S. , Vijayaraj Preethi , Aros Cody J. , Wilkinson Dan , Paul Manash , Dunn Bruce , Guttentag Susan H. , Gomperts Brigitte N.
Published: December 2016

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of premature birth. The histopathology of BPD is characterized by an arrest of alveolarization with fibroblast activation. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is important in early lung development. When Wnt signaling is active, phosphorylation of β-catenin by tyrosine kinases at activating sites, specifically at tyrosine 489 (Y489), correlates with nuclear localization of β-catenin. We examined fetal lung tissue, lung tissue from term newborns, and lung tissue from infants who died with BPD; we found nuclear β-catenin phosphorylation at Y489 in epithelial and mesenchymal cells in fetal tissue and BPD tissue, but not in the lungs of term infants. Using a 3D human organoid model, we found increased nuclear localization of β-catenin phosphorylated at Y489 (p-β-cateninY489) after exposure to alternating hypoxia and hyperoxia compared with organoids cultured in normoxia. Exogenous stimulation of the canonical Wnt pathway in organoids was sufficient to cause nuclear localization of p-β-cateninY489 in normoxia and mimicked the pattern of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression seen with fibroblastic activation from oxidative stress. Treatment of organoids with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor prior to cyclic hypoxia-hyperoxia inhibited nuclear localization of p-β-cateninY489 and prevented α-SMA expression by fibroblasts. Posttranslational phosphorylation of β-catenin is a transient feature of normal lung development. Moreover, the persistence of p-β-cateninY489 is a durable marker of fibroblast activation in BPD and may play an important role in BPD disease pathobiology.
Acute intermittent hypoxia in rats activates muscle proteolytic pathways through a gluccorticoid-dependent mechanism
Authors: Przygodda Franciele , Manfredi Leandro Henrique , Machado Juliano , Gonçalves Dawit A. P. , Zanon Neusa M. , Bonagamba Leni G. H. , Machado Benedito H. , Kettelhut Ísis C. , Navegantes Luiz C. C.
Published: December 2016

Although it is well known that chronic hypoxia induces muscle wasting, the effects of intermittent hypoxia on skeletal muscle protein metabolism remain unclear. We hypothesized that acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), a challenge that activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, would alter muscle protein homeostasis through a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism. Three-week-old rats were submitted to adrenalectomy (ADX) and exposed to 8 h of AIH (6% O2for 40 s at 9-min intervals). Animals were euthanized, and the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were harvested and incubated in vitro for measurements of protein turnover. AIH increased plasma levels of corticosterone and induced insulin resistance as estimated by the insulin tolerance test and lower rates of muscle glucose oxidation and the HOMA index. In both soleus and EDL muscles, rates of overall proteolysis increased after AIH. This rise was accompanied by an increased proteolytic activities of the ubiquitin(Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) and lysosomal and Ca2+-dependent pathways. Furthermore, AIH increased Ub-protein conjugates and gene expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, two key Ub-protein ligases involved in muscle atrophy. In parallel, AIH increased the mRNA expression of the autophagy-related genes LC3b and GABARAPl1. In vitro rates of protein synthesis in skeletal muscles did not differ between AIH and control rats. ADX completely blocked the insulin resistance in hypoxic rats and the AIH-induced activation of proteolytic pathways and atrogene expression in both soleus and EDL muscles. These results demonstrate that AIH induces insulin resistance in association with activation of the UPS, the autophagic-lysosomal process, and Ca2+-dependent proteolysis through a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Since hypoxia is a condition in which the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply and muscle wasting is induced, the present work provides evidence linking hypoxia to proteolysis through a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism. We show that the activation of proteolytic pathways, atrophy-related genes, and insulin resistance in rats exposed to acute intermittent hypoxia was abolished by surgical removal of adrenal gland. This finding will be helpful for understanding of the muscle wasting in hypoxemic conditions.
Ubiquitination and the Regulation of Membrane Proteins
Authors: Foot Natalie , Henshall Tanya , Kumar Sharad
Published: December 2016

Newly synthesized transmembrane proteins undergo a series of steps to ensure that only the required amount of correctly folded protein is localized to the membrane. The regulation of protein quality and its abundance at the membrane are often controlled by ubiquitination, a multistep enzymatic process that results in the attachment of ubiquitin, or chains of ubiquitin to the target protein. Protein ubiquitination acts as a signal for sorting, trafficking, and the removal of membrane proteins via endocytosis, a process through which multiple ubiquitin ligases are known to specifically regulate the functions of a number of ion channels, transporters, and signaling receptors. Endocytic removal of these proteins through ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis provides a way to rapidly downregulate the physiological outcomes, and defects in such controls are directly linked to human pathologies. Recent evidence suggests that ubiquitination is also involved in the shedding of membranes and associated proteins as extracellular vesicles, thereby not only controlling the cell surface levels of some membrane proteins, but also their potential transport to neighboring cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and functions of ubiquitination of membrane proteins and provide specific examples of ubiquitin-dependent regulation of membrane proteins.
Novel Hybrid Phenotype Revealed in Small Cell Lung Cancer by a Transcription Factor Network Model That Can Explain Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Udyavar Akshata R. , Wooten David J. , Hoeksema Megan , Bansal Mukesh , Califano Andrea , Estrada Lourdes , Schnell Santiago , Irish Jonathan M. , Massion Pierre P. , Quaranta Vito
Published: December 2016

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a devastating disease due to its propensity for early invasion and refractory relapse after initial treatment response. Although these aggressive traits have been associated with phenotypic heterogeneity, our understanding of this association remains incomplete. To fill this knowledge gap, we inferred a set of 33 transcription factors (TF) associated with gene signatures of the known neuroendocrine/epithelial (NE) and non-neuroendocrine/mesenchymal-like (ML) SCLC phenotypes. The topology of this SCLC TF network was derived from prior knowledge and was simulated using Boolean modeling. These simulations predicted that the network settles into attractors, or TF expression patterns, that correlate with NE or ML phenotypes, suggesting that TF network dynamics underlie the emergence of heterogeneous SCLC phenotypes. However, several cell lines and patient tumor specimens failed to correlate with either the NE or ML attractors. By flow cytometry, single cells within these cell lines simultaneously expressed surface markers of both NE and ML differentiation, confirming the existence of a “hybrid” phenotype. Upon exposure to standard-of-care cytotoxic drugs or epigenetic modifiers, NE and ML cell populations converged toward the hybrid state, suggesting possible escape from treatment. Our findings indicate that SCLC phenotypic heterogeneity can be specified dynamically by attractor states of a master regulatory TF network. Thus, SCLC heterogeneity may be best understood as states within an epigenetic landscape. Understanding phenotypic transitions within this landscape may provide insights to clinical applications. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1063–74. ©2016 AACR.
Aspirin Suppresses Growth in PI3K-Mutant Breast Cancer by Activating AMPK and Inhibiting mTORC1 Signaling
Authors: Henry Whitney S. , Laszewski Tyler , Tsang Tiffany , Beca Francisco , Beck Andrew H. , McAllister Sandra S. , Toker Alex
Published: December 2016

Despite the high incidence of oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of PI3K, PI3K inhibitors have yielded little clinical benefit for breast cancer patients. Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested a therapeutic benefit from aspirin intake in cancers harboring oncogenic PIK3CA. Here, we show that mutant PIK3CA-expressing breast cancer cells have greater sensitivity to aspirin-mediated growth suppression than their wild-type counterparts. Aspirin decreased viability and anchorage-independent growth of mutant PIK3CA breast cancer cells independently of its effects on COX-2 and NF-κB. We ascribed the effects of aspirin to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, mTORC1 inhibition, and autophagy induction. In vivo, oncogenic PIK3CA-driven mouse mammary tumors treated daily with aspirin resulted in decreased tumor growth kinetics, whereas combination therapy of aspirin and a PI3K inhibitor further attenuated tumor growth. Our study supports the evaluation of aspirin and PI3K pathway inhibitors as a combination therapy for targeting breast cancer. Cancer Res; 77(3); 790–801. ©2016 AACR.
A Phase II Trial of Dovitinib in BCG-Unresponsive Urothelial Carcinoma with FGFR3 Mutations or Overexpression: Hoosier Cancer Research Network Trial HCRN 12-157
Authors: Hahn Noah M. , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Ross Ashley E. , Netto George J. , Baras Alex , Park Jong Chul , Chapman Carolyn , Masterson Timothy A. , Koch Michael O. , Bihrle Richard , Foster Richard S. , Gardner Thomas A. , Cheng Liang , Jones David R. , McElyea Kyle , Sandusky George E. , Breen Timothy , Liu Ziyue , Albany Costantine , Moore Marietta L. , Loman Rhoda L. , Reed Angela , Turner Scott A. , De Abreu Francine B. , Gallagher Torrey , Tsongalis Gregory J. , Plimack Elizabeth R. , Greenberg Richard E. , Geynisman Daniel M.
Published: December 2016

Purpose: To assess the clinical and pharmacodynamic activity of dovitinib in a treatment-resistant, molecularly enriched non–muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (NMIUC) population.

Experimental Design: A multi-site pilot phase II trial was conducted. Key eligibility criteria included the following: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive NMIUC (>2 prior intravesical regimens) with increased phosphorylated FGFR3 (pFGFR3) expression by centrally analyzed immunohistochemistry (IHC+) or FGFR3 mutations (Mut+) assessed in a CLIA-licensed laboratory. Patients received oral dovitinib 500 mg daily (5 days on/2 days off). The primary endpoint was 6-month TURBT-confirmed complete response (CR) rate.

Results: Between 11/2013 and 10/2014, 13 patients enrolled (10 IHC+ Mut−, 3 IHC+ Mut+). Accrual ended prematurely due to cessation of dovitinib clinical development. Demographics included the following: median age 70 years; 85% male; carcinoma in situ (CIS; 3 patients), Ta/T1 (8 patients), and Ta/T1 + CIS (2 patients); median prior regimens 3. Toxicity was frequent with all patients experiencing at least one grade 3–4 event. Six-month CR rate was 8% (0% in IHC+ Mut−; 33% in IHC+ Mut+). The primary endpoint was not met. Pharmacodynamically active (94–5,812 nmol/L) dovitinib concentrations in urothelial tissue were observed in all evaluable patients. Reductions in pFGFR3 IHC staining were observed post-dovitinib treatment.

Conclusions: Dovitinib consistently achieved biologically active concentrations within the urothelium and demonstrated pharmacodynamic pFGFR3 inhibition. These results support systemic administration as a viable approach to clinical trials in patients with NMIUC. Long-term dovitinib administration was not feasible due to frequent toxicity. Absent clinical activity suggests that patient selection by pFGFR3 IHC alone does not enrich for response to FGFR3 kinase inhibitors in urothelial carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3003–11. ©2016 AACR.
Optimization of Peptide Vaccines to Induce Robust Antitumor CD4 T-cell Responses
Authors: Kumai Takumi , Lee Sujin , Cho Hyun-Il , Sultan Hussein , Kobayashi Hiroya , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Celis Esteban
Published: December 2016

Substantial evidence indicates that immunotherapy is a feasible and effective approach for the treatment of numerous types of cancer. Among various immunotherapy options, peptide vaccines to generate antitumor T cells appear as promising candidates, because of their cost effectiveness and ease of implementation. Nevertheless, most peptide vaccines are notorious for being weekly immunogenic and, thus, optimization of the vaccination strategy is essential to achieve therapeutic effectiveness. In addition, effective peptide vaccines must stimulate both CD8 cytotoxic and CD4 helper T lymphocytes. Our group has been successful in designing effective peptide vaccination strategies for inducing CD8 T-cell responses in mouse tumor models. Here, we describe a somewhat similar, but distinct, peptide vaccination strategy capable of generating vast CD4 T-cell responses by combining synthetic peptides with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and OX40/CD40 costimulation. This vaccination strategy was efficient in overcoming immune tolerance to a self-tumor–associated antigen and generated significant antitumor effects in a mouse model of malignant melanoma. The optimized peptide vaccine also allowed the expansion of adoptively transferred CD4 T cells without the need for lymphodepletion and IL2 administration, generating effective antimelanoma responses through the enhancement of proliferative and antiapoptotic activities of CD4 T cells. These results have practical implications in the design of more effective T-cell–based immunotherapies. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(1); 72–83. ©2016 AACR.
Hyperosmolarity and Benzalkonium Chloride Differently Stimulate Inflammatory Markers in Conjunctiva-Derived Epithelial Cells in vitro
Authors: Warcoin Elise , Clouzeau Chloé , Roubeix Christophe , Raveu Anne-Laure , Godefroy David , Riancho Luisa , Baudouin Christophe , Brignole-Baudouin Françoise
Published: December 2016

Tear hyperosmolarity is known to cause ocular surface inflammation in dry eye syndrome. Benzalkonium chloride (BAK), an eyedrop preservative, is known to induce dry eye in long-term-treated patients. Analyzing the modulation of the proinflammatory potential of hyperosmolarity in the presence of BAK on the conjunctiva could give new insights into the effect of this preservative on the disease. In a hyperosmolar model on a conjunctiva-derived cell line, and in the presence of BAK, we evaluated key inflammatory markers [CCL2, IL-8, IL-6, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1] as well as the osmoprotectant element nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)5 using ELISA, RT-qPCR or immunofluorescence staining. Hyperosmolarity highly stimulated CCL2 and NFAT5 in these cells. BAK alone only increased IL-6 expression. The stress-combined condition stimulated CCL2, NFAT5, MIF and IL-8 secretion. ICAM-1 was not modulated by any of the conditions tested. In this model, hyperosmolarity and BAK induced the release of different proinflammatory mediators, and, when combined, they lead to the release of additional inflammatory cytokines. This in vitro study highlights the importance of avoiding long-term ophthalmic treatments containing BAK, as tear film hyperosmolarity can be a result of its detergent action.
Routine Colonoscopy after Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis - Challenging a Putative Indication
Authors: Andrade Patrícia , Ribeiro Armando , Ramalho Rosa , Lopes Susana , Macedo Guilherme
Published: December 2016

Background and Aims: Most international guidelines recommend performing a routine colonoscopy after the conservative management of acute diverticulitis, mainly to rule out a colorectal malignancy; however, data to support these recommendations are scarce and conflicting. This study is aimed at determining the rate of advanced colonic neoplasia (ACN) found by colonoscopy, and hence the need for routine colonoscopy after CT-diagnosed acute diverticulitis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients hospitalized for acute diverticulitis between July 2008 and June 2013. Patients who underwent colonoscopy more than 1 year after the acute episode were excluded. Advanced adenoma (AA) was defined as an adenoma with: (i) ≥10 mm, (ii) ≥25% villous features, or (iii) high-grade dysplasia. ACN included cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and AA. Results: Of the 364 selected patients, 252 (69%) underwent colonoscopy (51% women, median age 55 ± 11 years). Adenomatous polyps were evident in 14.7% patients; 5.1% had AA and 3.2% had CRC. Patients with complicated diverticulitis had a higher number of ACN compared to those with uncomplicated diverticulitis (20.9 vs. 5.7%, p = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, age ≥50 years (OR 8.12, 95% CI 2.463-45.112; p = 0.017) and abscess on CT (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.586-11.586; p = 0.036) were identified as significant risk factors for ACN. Conclusions: Patients with diverticulitis complicated with abscess have a higher risk of ACN on follow-up colonoscopy. The prevalence of ACN in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis is quite similar to the average-risk population, and therefore an episode of CT-diagnosed uncomplicated diverticulitis, per se, does not seem to be a recommendation for colonoscopy.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Hepatic Portal Reocclusion as a New Option for Detecting Bile Leakage during Hepatic Resection
Authors: Ma Jun-yong , Li Xi-feng , Yan Zhen-lin , Hasan Mohammad Mahboob , Wang Kui , Wang Yu , Wang Wen-chao , Yan Qiang , Shen Feng , Shi Le-hua , Zhang Xiao-feng
Published: December 2016

Background/Aims: To explore the possibility and feasibility of hepatic portal reocclusion for detecting bile leakage during hepatectomy. Methods: Data were prospectively collected from 200 patients who underwent hepatectomy alone for removal of various benign or malignant tumors between March 2014 and November 2014. The surgical procedure used a conventional method for all patients, and one additional step (hepatic portal reocclusion) was included in group B. The postoperative outcomes of the patients in group A (subjected to the traditional procedure) and group B (subjected to hepatic portal reocclusion) were compared during the same period, and the incidence rates of postoperative bile leakage and other complications in the 2 groups were also analyzed. Results: The incidence of postoperative bile leakage in group B was significantly lower than that in group A (1.0 vs. 9.2%, p = 0.009), although no significant differences in postoperative indicators of liver dysfunction and other complications were observed between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Hepatic portal reocclusion effectively reduced the incidence of bile leakage compared to the traditional procedure, without significantly affecting liver function. Therefore, this method might be an alternative to other tests for bile leakage.
Pulmonary Hypertension Is Associated with Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Reque Javier , Garcia-Prieto Ana , Linares Tania , Vega Almudena , Abad Soraya , Panizo Nayara , Quiroga Borja , Collado Boira Eladio J. , López-Gómez Juan Manuel
Published: December 2016

Background: We evaluated the prevalence, determinants and prognosis value of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods: This is a prospective study with stages 3-5 non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients. PH was estimated by Doppler echocardiography and defined as a pulmonary artery systolic pressure above 35 mm Hg. Results: Three hundred fifty-three patients were recruited, of whom 94 (26.6%) had PH. Prevalence of PH increased with the decline of renal function: 21.6, 24.1, and 31.7% in stages 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Independent predictors of PH were age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), history of cardiovascular (CV) events, the presence of an arteriovenous fistulae (AVF), and left ventricular (systolic and diastolic) dysfunction. Over a median follow-up of 22 months, 71 patients died (20%). After multivariate adjustment for age, gender, previous CV disease, diastolic and systolic dysfunction, PH remained as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazards ratio [HR] 1.84, 95% CI 1.06-3.18, p = 0.02). One hundred patients (28%) had a new onset CV event. After adjustment for age, gender, previous CV disease, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, PH maintains its independent association with CV events (HR 2.77, 95% CI 2.00-3.25, p < 0.001). Conclusions: PH prevalence rises as kidney function declines. Main determinants of PH are age, eGFR, previous CV disease, the presence of an AVF and left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction. PH is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and CV events.
Educação, arte e geografias: linguagens em (in)tens(ç)ões
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
Published: December 2016

"A presente coletânea reúne textos cujas linguagens e intenções representam um salto no ensino ao entrelaçar Educação, Arte e Geografias. Por meio de instalações, cartografias, resistências e metodologias diversas, um novo panorama é instaurado, oferecendo possibilidades e estratégias para um ensino de Geografia diverso e instigante."
Dialética e hermenêutica: Uma questão de método
Authors: Caldas Alberto Lins
Published: December 2016

A partir da crítica sobre a insuficiencia da Ciencia enquanto conhecimento para compreender o homem, estabelece uma metodologia polimórfica na tentativa de instaurar "procedimentos" que possam interpretar em vez de objetificar as múltiplas realidades humanas. Reflete sobre a atuaçáo do exegeta e os passos necessários para instaurar uma hermenêutica que venha a substituir não somente os "métodos positivistas" nas Ciências Humanas mas, principalmente, se impor como um campo unificado. Para isso desenvolve as idéias de realidade, sujeito e objeto, impondo-se enquanto reflexão política e não em pura objetividade. Assim, tenta resgatar a Dialética do meio das concepções científicas que a deformaram
Rediscovering the Geographic Space through the Geographical Space
Authors: Fighera Delfina Trinca
Published: December 2016

Este artigo pretende discutir a técnica enquanto expressáo das relações entre o Homem e o espaço por ele ocupado, por ele transformado. Buscando nos aproximar de uma visão geográfica das ações do Homem sobre a Natureza, tentam os entender a construção do "presente" e sua configuração nos tempos atuais
The form's deviries. Some matters about social forms: logic, politics, space and commodity's reproduction terms
Authors: Duarte Cláudio Roberto
Published: December 2016

Esta é um a reflexão sobre os conceitos de "forma" e "formação" (econômico-social) e sua aplicação na compreensão das realidades sociais e espaciais. Ha Geografia, forma tem sido reduzida ao aspecto visível de um objeto externo (e então à paisagem ). Mas a riqueza da dialética "forma/conteúdo" ajuda-nos a entender melhor o processo de formação, deformação, metamorfose e transformação dos modos de vida, que são mediados pela Forma-Mercadoria e por relações-(de)-capital. Entretanto, a realização desta Forma coincide com a crise da morfología social inteira (natureza, urbano, política, linguagem e arte, razão etc.) - incluído ela mesm a (crise da valorização, colapso da modernização). Então o conceito de formação - reavaliado em chave dialética negativa, sugerindo o vivido com o momento irredutível - engendra um a nova fisiognomania social das desigualdades, diferenças e possibilidades no seio da totalidade impositiva do mercado
Thinking about Geography in the century turning
Authors: Conceição Alexandrina Luz
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem com o objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre o pensar geográfico na virada do século. O pensar o final do século XIX, na especificidade das idéias ratzelianas com o representações de uma época, com preende um método que se propõe analisar o tempo vivido, com o possibilidade de abrir janelas para sinalizar alternativas que possam melhor com preender o hoje
Looking at downtown and seeing the city moves
Authors: Deus João Batista De , Chaveiro Eguimar F. , Borges Luiz Carlos P.
Published: December 2016

As transformações no centro urbano de Jataí-Go estào intimamente ligadas às mudanças econômicas e sociais ocorridas no Brasil ao longo das duas últimas décadas. Neste período Goiás passou por um desenvolvimento extraordinário. As mudanças ocorridas no campo provocaram grandes alterações nas cidades, com o exemplo, podem os citar as migrações campocidade na Região Centro-Oeste, que chega em 1991 a ser a segunda região mais urbanizada do país, com apenas 19,22% de moradores no campo. O aparecimento de mão-de-obra técnica em Jatai, para atender a modernização na agricultura, pressionou por melhoria dos serviços prestados à com unidade, tanto públicos, com o privados, provocando alterações na paisagem em toda cidade, em especial no centro urbano jataiense com o incremento das atividades econômicas. Observase que as mudanças na região e a forma com que elas se territorializaram no município de Jatai, incitaram transformações na cidade em geral e no centro em particular
Teses e Dissertações de Mestrado defendidas
Authors: Dissertações Teses E
Published: December 2016

(outubro 1998 a abril 1999)
Morphopedological compartimentation and its applicability: a methodological approach
Authors: Castro Selma Simões de , Salomão Fernando Ximenes de Tavares
Published: December 2016

Apresenta-se um conceito de compartimentos morfopedológicos e um roteiro metodológico simplificado de atividades de pesquisa para sua delimitação e estudo, com ênfase no comportamento e funcionamento de seus solos. Considera-se compartimentos morfopedológicos com o produtos da interrelação entre substrato geológico, relevo e solos que constituem unidades têm poro-espaciais homogêneas e intrínsecas do meio físico, reconhecíveis em médias e grandes escalas. Ressalta-se que revelam uma associação com sistemas pedológicos dominantes, caracterizados pelo continuum dos seus horizontes, dispostos vertical e lateralmente do topo à base dos interflúvios. Destaca-se que seu estudo requer níveis sucessivos de tratamento, numa abordagem integrada, para a obtenção de indicadores comportamentais mais seguros, com o subsídios para a elaboração de planos de controle preventivo de uso e ocupação do espaço e dos solos, numa perspectiva de (re)equilíbrio ambiental.
Spatial magnitude-frequency index of mass movements in the humid tropics
Authors: Colangelo Antonio C. , Cruz Olga
Published: December 2016

A abordagem sem ilogaritmica de Ahnert (1987) foi adaptada e diretamente aplicada em unidades de depósitos e cicatrizes de movimentos de massa rotacionais ("slum ps"), mapeados a partir do modelo estereoscópico de aerofotografías verticais. Neste caso, o "índice de Magnitude-Frequência" refere-se ao "Intervalo de Recorrência Espacial" (IRE - em Km 2) ou "Freqüência Espacial (FE - em Eventos / Km 2) referentes às superficies dos depósitos e cicatrizes de diferentes magnitudes (Dep ou Dsc - em m2). A equação, quando o m aterial de origem é constituido por migmatitos com vertentes escarpadas (16°. média), resulta: Dep (m 2) = 4 5 58 .Ln(IR E) + 10315. Quando o material de origem corresponde aos depósitos terciários da Bacia de Taubaté, com declividades moderadas (1 I o, média), a equação resulta: Dep (m2) = 1 51 32.Ln(IRE) + 19106. O "Depósito de Movimento de Massa Dominante" que contribui com o maior montante de superficie depositada, nas duas áreas acima referidas são, respectivamente de 4558m 2 e 15132m2 Da mesma forma, as freqüências espaciais de ocorrência são, respectivam ente: 3,54 Eventos/Km 2 (IRE=0,282 Km2) e 1,30 Eventos/Km 2 (IRE=0,769 Km 2). Com base nestes resultados preliminares parece haver um mecanismo de compensação e urna constante morfoclimática envolvidos no comportamento de magnitude-freqüência destes movimentos de massa rotacionais
The remote guided c ommerce and transformations in space
Authors: Padovani Eliane Guerreiro Rossetti
Published: December 2016

O comercio assume nos últimos tempos novos ritmos, adequando-se às mudanças urbanas. Neste processo, o telemarketing é um setor que cresce rapidamente; com ele a circulação das mercadorias ganha um ritmo nunca visto antes, ao mesmo tempo exigindo um determinado espaço, em um determinado momento. Com o telemarketing os capitalistas procuram cada vez mais acelerar o processo de circulação das mercadorias, para acelerar a reprodução do capital criando fluxos dirigidos por estruturas específicas para acentuar essa fluidez
The capitalism survival and the revalorization of Lisbon centre - Baixa Pombalina's revitalization
Authors: Sidney Gonçalves Vieira Sidney Gonçalves
Published: December 2016

O artigo apresenta considerações de natureza teórico-metodológica ao utilizar o referencial apresentado por Henri Lefèbvre acerca da sobrevivência do capitalismo e do método de investigação. A este respeito se entende que o capitalismo transforma-se ao longo do tempo para garantir sua hegemonia, havendo uma re-produção das relações de produção. Retomando a dialética, se analisa as diferentes temporalidades do presente, identificando os marcos nas relações sociais desmontando a aparente simultaneidade da realidade, quando se abre a possibilidade para a realização de um futuro ainda virtual. A cidade de Lisboa é investigada sob esta lógica, em um estudo de caso que busca a identificação destes elementos conceituais, onde o processo de revalorização do centro se mostra como um tema farto para a verificação dos pressupostos trabalhados
Ribeira do Iguape Basin Morphogenesis and the Environmental Systems
Authors: Ross Jurandyr Luciano Sanches
Published: December 2016

O relevo da bacia do rio Ribeira do Iguape, apresenta macro-compartimentos geomorfológicos muito distintos, que correspondem aos morros da superfície de cimeira regional, os morros fortemente dissecados dos níveis intermediários da serra do Mar, as terras da depressão tectônica do baixo Ribeira e a planície costeira marinha e fluvial. A gênese das formas desse relevo sofreu influências da tectônica pré-Cambriana, nas fases do ciclo brasiliano, com dobramentos acompanhados de metamorfismos regionais, magmatismos subjacentes sintectônicos, complexidade de falhamentos e fraturas, fases de reativação tectônica meso-cenozoica, compartilhado com as atividades climáticas pretéritas e atuais, bem como com as oceânicas. A conjugação de processos tectônicos e os mecânicos e químicos das águas ao longo de milhões de anos, definem as morfologias atuais do relevo e dos sistemas ambientais desta bacia
Teses de Doutorado e Dissertações de Mestrado Defendidas
Authors: Dissertações Teses E
Published: December 2016

(Janeiro à Outubro de 2002)
Vegetation and land use mapping of Ipanema national forest, Iperó/SP
Authors: Fávero Oriana Aparecida , Nucci João Carlos , De Biasi Mário
Published: December 2016

Visando contribuir para o Plano de Gestão (Manejo) da Floresta Nacional de Ipanema (FLONA), o presente trabalho objetivou espacializar sua vegetação potencial e realizar o mapeamento da vegetação e usos atuais das terras, oferecendo subsídios básicos para seu planejamento ambiental. Para tanto, elaboramos um croqui, espacializando a vegetação potencial da FLONA, utilizando: as descrições da paisagem de viagens de naturalistas (Saint-Hilaire, Spix e Martius) ao Brasil, no século XIX; estudos mais recentes sobre a vegetação da FLONA; e a caracterização edáfica da área apresentada pela Carta de Solos da Fazenda Ipanema (escala 1:10.000). Organizamos ainda, com base na interpretação de fotos aéreas (escala 1:25.000 - Terrafoto, 1972) e verificações de campo, o mapa de Vegetação e Usos Atuais das Terras (na escala 1:50.000). Com base nos conceitos de clímax climático e clímaces edáficos concluímos que a vegetação potencial da FLONA seria de floresta estacionai semidecidual com exemplares de florestas ombrófilas densa e mista e com manchas das diversas fisionomias de cerrado, limitadas em seu desenvolvimento pela ação do fogo, que no passado teria causas naturais.
Among ideal and real towards the urban society some remarks on the "Statute of the City
Authors: Limonad Ester , Barbosa Jorge Luiz
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste ensaio é subsidiar a compreensão das formas particulares de produção do espaço urbano nas cidades brasileiras e as implicações que o "Estatuto da Cidade", em termos do Direito à Cidade, acarreta. Entendemos ser necessário, assim (i) situar, primeiro, nossa perspectiva analítica em relação às idealizações sobre o "Estatuto da Cidade" e a busca pela cidade ideal. Isto posto, trataremos de (ii) estabelecer alguns parâmetros metodológicos e proceder a uma diferenciação entre os diferentes agentes e circuitos de produção do espaço social - relacionados aos diferentes momentos da reprodução social; que permitam-nos.(iii) debruçarmos sobre o "Estatuto da Cidade", e refletir sobre as possíveis conseqüências de sua implementação e o que poderia ter sido, não fossem os vetos e emendas. E, (iv) para finalizar faremos algumas considerações teóricas iniciais, com base nas contribuições de Lefebvre, que permitam-nos situar, ainda que de maneira provisória, o "Estatuto da Cidade" em relação à possibilidade de reconquista do valor de uso e apropriação da cidade por parte de seus habitantes
Landscape Planning And Landscape units identihcation: The Lagoa Seca case - Jardim America, Rio Claro city (São Paulo State/ Brazil)
Authors: Cavalheiro Felisberto , Presotto Andréa , Rocha Yuri Tavares
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é abordar a questão da identificação de unidades de paisagem, ressaltando para a necessidade absoluta de tal identificação no planejamento paisagístico e, na maioria, dos projetos paisagísticos
Evolution of the studies about desertification in the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: Sales Marta Celina Linhares
Published: December 2016

Partindo de uma breve caracterização geoambiental da região nordeste e contextualizando a inserção do tema da desertificação nos estudos regionais, foi possível selecionar os principais trabalhos realizados em escala regional, os quais foram aqui apresentados em detalhe. O objetivo é mostrar os resultados até agora encontrados, com parar as metodologias empregadas e sugerir possíveis caminhos a serem tomados nos estudos da desertificação no Nordeste brasileiro
Imaginary, space and racial discrimination
Authors: Waldman Maurício
Published: December 2016

O texto assinala os vínculos existentes entre o espaço, tanto nas suas dimensões concretas quanto nas imaginárias, com a questão da discriminação racial, articulando ambas temáticas por sua vez com a relação mantida entre as sociedades e a natureza. Para além da localização do racismo exclusivamente em nível da concretude social, o ensaio busca evidenciar, pois uma cartografia e a uma geografia imaginária, entendida como matriz para a revivificação e/ou ressemantização de dinamismos espaciais excludentes. Neste contexto, a eclosão de uma interpretação linear e progressiva do tempo social, firmada na supressão do espaço pelo tempo, uma inferência entendida neste material como específica à modernidade, é vista como básica para a origem de formas genuinamente racistas de discriminação. Por conseguinte, o racismo seria pertinente exclusivamente ao padrão civilizatório ocidental e a nenhum outro. A discriminação racial seria resultante de uma civilização que suprimiu o espaço em função do tempo, processo este articulado com a negação do outro e das pulsões da natureza. Por fim, o texto busca esclarecer a respeito das conseqüências da discriminação e sobre a reconstrução das diferenças, tais como estas se especificam no contexto da Globalização
Urbanization projects in Vitória ES: some aspects of production process of a modern metropolis
Authors: Freire Ana Lucy Oliveira
Published: December 2016

Nosso trabalho, a seguir, procurou entender os aspectos que marcam o processo de produção do espaço urbano de Vitória no que diz respeito, especificamente, ao crescimento da periferia urbana que abriga classes de baixo poder aquisitivo/renda, cujo papel do governo municipal no processo tem sido fundamental. Em outras palavras, pretende-se compreender como vem ocorrendo, no momento atual, a expansão da cidade através do surgimento de novos bairros construídos por uma grande maioria de excluídos do acesso à propriedade privada ou que não podem pagar aluguel, áreas estas que passam por obras de urbanização, revertendo o quadro anterior do que se denomina degradação ambiental. Essa política reverte-se de grandes projetos a cargo do governo municipal, financiados pelo estado e por diversos organismos financeiros nacionais e internacionais, os quais almejam uma cidade moderna, adequada e competitiva para o capital e a economia globalizados
Getting closer without reducing: derives and field work in urban geography
Authors: Silva Flávia Elaine da
Published: December 2016

Este artigo busca aproximar o corpo teórico e prático dos situacionistas das pesquisas de campo em geografia. Esta aproximação se dará especialmente entre a prática espacial experimentada por este grupo, chamada de deriva, e a geografia urbana, sem deixar de lado o fato de que este debate, sobre a importância das pesquisas de campo para a constituição do pensamento geográfico, está presente na geografia como um todo e também fora dela
Role of Noncanonical Wnt Signaling Pathway in Human Aortic Valve Calcification
Authors: Albanese Isabella , Yu Bin , Al-Kindi Hamood , Barratt Bianca , Ott Leah , Al-Refai Mohammad , de Varennes Benoit , Shum-Tim Dominique , Cerruti Marta , Gourgas Ophélie , Rhéaume Eric , Tardif Jean-Claude , Schwertani Adel
Published: December 2016

Objective—

The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of aortic valve calcification remain unclear. With accumulating evidence demonstrating that valve calcification recapitulates bone development, the crucial roles of noncanonical Wnt ligands WNT5a, WNT5b, and WNT11 in osteogenesis make them critical targets in the study of aortic valve calcification.

Approach and Results—

Using immunohistochemistry, real-time qPCR, Western blotting, and tissue culture, we examined the tissue distribution of WNT5a, WNT5b, and WNT11 in noncalcified and calcified aortic valves and their effects on human aortic valve interstitial cells (HAVICs). Only focal strong immunostaining for WNT5a was seen in and around areas of calcification. Abundant immunostaining for WNT5b and WNT11 was seen in inflammatory cells, fibrosis, and activated myofibroblasts in areas of calcified foci. There was significant correlation between WNT5b and WNT11 overall staining and presence of calcification, lipid score, fibrosis, and microvessels (
P
<0.05). Real-time qPCR and Western blotting revealed abundant expression of both Wnts in stenotic aortic valves, particularly in bicuspid valves. Incubation of HAVICs from noncalcified valves with the 3 noncanonical Wnts significantly increased cell apoptosis and calcification (
P
<0.05). Treatment of HAVICs with the mitogen-activated protein kinase-38β and GSK3β inhibitors significantly reduced their mineralization (
P
<0.01). Raman spectroscopy identified the inorganic phosphate deposits as hydroxyapatite and showed a significant increase in hydroxyapatite deposition in HAVICs in response to WNT5a and WNT11 (
P
<0.05). Similar crystallinity was seen in the deposits found in HAVICs treated with Wnts and in calcified human aortic valves.

Conclusions—

These findings suggest a potential role for noncanonical Wnt signaling in the pathogenesis of aortic valve calcification.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in New York State
Authors: Batra Jaya , Toyoda Nana , Goldstone Andrew B. , Itagaki Shinobu , Egorova Natalia N. , Chikwe Joanna
Published: December 2016

Background—

Utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is expanding despite limited outcome data defining appropriate use.

Methods and Results—

To quantify determinants of early and 1-year survival after ECMO in adult patients, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 1286 patients aged ≥18 years who underwent ECMO in New York State from 2003 to 2014. Median follow-up time was 4.9 months (range, 0–12 months). ECMO utilization increased from 13 patients in 8 hospitals in 2003 to 330 patients in 30 hospitals in 2014. Compared with patients undergoing ECMO before 2009, later patients were older (54.4 versus 52.3 years;
P
=0.013) and more likely to have major comorbidity including chronic kidney disease (25.2% versus 13.2%;
P
=0.02) and liver disease (20.0% versus 10.7%;
P
=0.001). In the overall cohort, 30-day mortality was 52.2% (95% confidence interval, 49.5–54.9). Mortality at 30 days was 65.2% for patients aged ≥75 years (n=73/112) and 74.6% in patients who required cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n=91/122). Survival at 1 year was 38.4% (95% confidence interval, 35.7–41.0). The 30-day mortality and 1-year survival improved across the study period. In multivariable analysis, earlier year of ECMO, lower hospital volume, indication for ECMO after a cardiac procedure, cardiopulmonary resuscitation before ECMO placement, and age >65 years were independent predictors of worse survival.

Conclusions—

Outcomes of ECMO have improved despite increasing comorbidity. Extreme mortality after ECMO in elderly patients and patients requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation indicates that less invasive therapeutic or palliative modalities may be more appropriate in this end-of-life setting.
Factorial Effects of Evolocumab and Atorvastatin on Lipoprotein Metabolism
Authors: Watts Gerald F. , Chan Dick C. , Dent Ricardo , Somaratne Ransi , Wasserman Scott M. , Scott Rob , Burrows Sally , R. Barrett P. Hugh
Published: December 2016

Background:

Monoclonal antibodies against proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), such as evolocumab, lower plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations. Evolocumab is under investigation for its effects on cardiovascular outcomes in statin-treated, high-risk patients. The mechanism of action of PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies on lipoprotein metabolism remains to be fully evaluated. Stable isotope tracer kinetics can effectively elucidate the mode of action of new lipid-regulating pharmacotherapies.

Methods:

We conducted a 2-by-2 factorial trial of the effects of atorvastatin (80 mg daily) and subcutaneous evolocumab (420 mg every 2 weeks) for 8 weeks on the plasma kinetics of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)–apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB), intermediate-density lipoprotein–apoB, and LDL-apoB in 81 healthy, normolipidemic, nonobese men. The kinetics of apoB in these lipoproteins was studied using a stable isotope infusion of D3-leucine, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and multicompartmental modeling.

Results:

Atorvastatin and evolocumab independently accelerated the fractional catabolism of VLDL-apoB (
P
<0.001 and
P
.032, respectively), intermediate-density lipoprotein–apoB (
P
=0.021 and
P
=.002, respectively), and LDL-apoB (
P
<0.001, both interventions). Evolocumab but not atorvastatin decreased the production rate of intermediate-density lipoprotein–apoB (
P
=0.043) and LDL-apoB (
P
<0.001), which contributed to the reduction in the plasma pool sizes of these lipoprotein particles. The reduction in LDL-apoB and LDL-cholesterol concentrations was significantly greater with combination versus either monotherapy (
P
<0.001). Whereas evolocumab but not atorvastatin lowered the concentration of free PCSK9, atorvastatin lowered the lathosterol/campesterol ratio (a measure of cholesterol synthesis/absorption) and apoC-III concentration. Both interventions decreased plasma apoE, but neither significantly altered lipoprotein lipase and cholesteryl ester protein mass or measures of insulin resistance.

Conclusions:

In healthy, normolipidemic subjects, evolocumab decreased the concentration of atherogenic lipoproteins, particularly LDL, by accelerating their catabolism. Reductions in intermediate-density lipoprotein and LDL production also contributed to the decrease in LDL particle concentration with evolocumab by a mechanism distinct from that of atorvastatin. These kinetic findings provide a metabolic basis for understanding the potential benefits of PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies incremental to statins in on-going clinical end point trials.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02189837.