bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of key function module in complex mechanical 3D CAD assembly model for design reuse
Authors: Han Zhoupeng , Tian Chenkai , Zhou Zihan , Yuan Qilong
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Complex mechanical 3D computer-aided design (CAD) model embodies rich implicit design knowledge. Through discovering the key function parts and key function module in 3D CAD assembly model in advance, it can promote the designers’ understanding and reuse efficiency of 3D assembly model in design reuse.

Design/methodology/approach

An approach for discovering key function module in complex mechanical 3D CAD assembly model is proposed. First, assembly network for 3D CAD assembly model is constructed, where the topology structure characteristics of 3D assembly model are analyzed based on complex network centrality. The degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and mutual information of node are used to evaluate the importance of the parts in 3D assembly model. Then, a multi-attribute decision model for part-node importance is established, and the comprehensive evaluation for key function parts in 3D assembly model is accomplished by combining Analytic Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Subsequently, a community discovery of function module in assembly model-based Clauset–Newman–Moore (CNM)-Centrality is given in details. Finally, 3D CAD assembly model of worm gear reducer is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed method.

Findings

The key function part in CAD assembly model is evaluated comprehensively considering assembly topology more objectively. In addition, the key function module containing key function part is discovered from CAD assembly model by using CNM-Centrality-based community discovery.

Practical implications

The approach can be used for discovering important design knowledge from complex CAD assembly model when reusing the assembly model. It can help designers capture and understand the design thinking and intent, improve the reuse efficiency and quality.

Originality/value

The paper first proposes an approach for discovering key function module in complex mechanical 3D CAD assembly model taking advantage of complex network theory, where the key function part is evaluated using node centrality and TOPSIS, and the key function module is identified based on community discovery.
Practices of poverty alleviation by open and distance education: a case report from the Open University of China
Authors: Ju Chuanjin , Hou Songyan , Shao Dandan , Zhang Zhijun , Yu Zhangli
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this report is to demonstrate open and distance education (ODE) can support poverty alleviation. Taking the practices of the Open University of China (the OUC) as an example, this paper aims to reveal how open universities make contributions to local residents in rural and remote areas.

Design/methodology/approach

Focusing on 25 poverty-stricken counties, the OUC had invested 58 million RMB to its learning centers in these counties from 2017 to 2020. The first one is to improve ICT and educational facilities in these learning centers. The second approach is to cultivate local residents with degree programs through ODE so as to promote local economic development. The third one is to design and develop training programs according to local context to meet the specific needs of local villagers.

Findings

After 3 years working, cloud-based classrooms and computer rooms have been set up. Bookstores have been founded and printed books have been donated. Hundreds of thousands of digital micro lectures have been supplied to these learning centers which have been improved and fully played their functions. Nearly 50,000 local residents have been directly benefited. Village leaders have helped lift local residents out of poverty. Poverty-stricken villagers have been financed to study on either undergraduate or diploma programs. Local residents have improved their skills by learning with the training programs offered by the OUC.

Originality/value

ODE is proved to be an effective way to eradicate poverty. Open universities are proved to be able to make contributions to social justice. By fulfilling its commitments to eliminate poverty within the national strategy framework, the OUC has built its brand nationwide.
Relating supervisor interpersonal emotion management- and task-oriented leadership to adaptive performance: a moderated-mediation model incorporating trust and gender
Authors: Adams Gary A. , Webster Jennica R.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The authors incorporated leadership and gender theories with research on trust to propose a model relating interpersonal emotion management (IEM, a type of relational leadership) and task-oriented (T-O) leadership to follower adaptive performance. The authors also examine the indirect effect of IEM and T-O on adaptive performance via trust and the possible moderating role of gender on these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors tested this model using a sample of 314 workers who rated their direct leaders (supervisors).

Findings

Overall, results supported the model for IEM as it was directly and indirectly related (via trust) to adaptive job performance (even after controlling for transformational leadership) and these relationships were more positive for women leaders. T-O leadership was related to adaptive job performance as expected but was unrelated to trust or, via trust, to adaptive performance. Findings also suggest that women direct leaders may garner more trust and adaptive performance from followers by engaging in higher levels of IEM, while also not experiencing backlash for engaging in the more agentic T-O behaviors during a crisis.

Practical implications

Despite an emphasis on women's relational leadership during a crisis, the authors findings show organizations are best served by ambidextrous leaders who can manage the emotions and tasks of their followers and that both women and men can engage in these leadership styles without penalty.

Originality/value

Much research regarding women's leadership advantage during a crisis is based on political leaders or has been conducted in lab settings. Further, it has focused on attitudes toward the women leaders rather than their performance. Research has also not considered both IEM along with the possible backlash women may experience for engaging in T-O leadership.
Explaining resistance intention towards mobile HRM application: the dark side of technology adoption
Authors: Shankar Amit , Nigam Achint
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The mobile human resource management application (mHRM app) has recently been seen as an innovative cloud-based solution to manage human resource management (HRM) within organisation. Despite its great potential, organisations have shown resistance towards the usage of the mHRM app. This study investigates the dark side of electronic HRM (eHRM) by examining factors affecting HR professionals' resistance to the mHRM app using status quo bias (SQB) theory. The study also examines the moderating effect of personal innovativeness.

Design/methodology/approach

Responses were collected from 239 HR professionals using an online survey. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and PROCESS macro were used to examine the hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicated that regret avoidance, inertia, switching costs and perceived threat significantly affect HR professionals' resistance towards mHRM app adoption. Results also indicated that high personal innovativeness negatively moderates the association between inhibitors and resistance to adopt the mHRM app.

Practical implications

The study's findings will help HR professionals reduce their resistance towards mHRM app adoption.

Originality/value

This study enriches eHRM, mobile applications and the SQB literature.
Understanding public service motivation, workplace spirituality and employee well-being in the public sector
Authors: Hassan Sobia , Ansari Nighat , Rehman Ali , Moazzam Amani
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The public service motivation (PSM) theory implies that public employees are spiritual people called “public servants” who have a desire to affect the community and are characterized by compassion and serving others. Owing to their commitment to public welfare, spirituality is apparently inherited in public employees as an occupation/employment effort, which entails attaching a “meaning” to the work being done in the workplace for the spiritual satisfaction of the employees. A sense of well-being among the employees of an organization can prove instrumental in developing their motivation level and improving the quality of their services. The literature depicts that workplace spirituality (WPS) is a feature that enhances multiple forms of employee well-being (EWB). Considering the importance of these concepts in terms of enhancing the productivity of the organizations, the current study aimed to gain an understanding of the PSM together with two other positive attributes namely WPS and EWB and determine their interrelationship. The aim of this study is to examine a significant positive relationship between PSM and WPS mediated by EWB.

Design/methodology/approach

The study has been conducted in the context of the public sector of Pakistan where a sample of the academic staff of higher educational institutions in the Punjab province was selected through probability sampling techniques for conducting the survey. The data collected from 394 respondents from the selected faculties of the universities were analyzed using relevant statistical tools (SPSS and AMOS: 22) to answer the research questions.

Findings

This study supported a significant positive relationship between PSM and WPS mediated by EWB. The quantitative findings of this study, thus, demonstrated that the culture of spirituality in the workplace significantly affects the PSM of employees by way of creating a sense of well-being among the employees.

Originality/value

This study is unique as it serves as an effort to understand the spiritual experience of the public sector employees involved in public service. This infers that spirituality in the workplace improved employees’ well-being by giving them a strong sense of purpose and these employees in a healthy state of mind are more likely to perform above and beyond and have a high motivation to serve the public.
Spaces of learning – practising the SDGs through geographical fieldwork methods in a nature park
Authors: Grindsted Thomas Skou , Nielsen Thomas Theis
Published: November 2021

Purpose

While the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and visions for sustainability education apply to many methods, they can be hard to put into practice. This study aims to concern an undergraduate geography course designed not only to teach geographical methods but also to engage with the multi-scalar nature of the SDGs and apply them to various local urban sustainability issues in a real-world context.

Design/methodology/approach

By means of a mixed-method approach, the authors examine a fieldwork course that invites students into learning situations in which they combine critical thinking with entrepreneurial solutions to local sustainability challenges. The authors examine the learning material from the students’ cases and explore the geographical knowledge the students’ practise.

Findings

Fieldwork helps students contextualise the multi-scalar nature of the SDGs and thereby apply them to analyses in a local context. Students learn first-hand how their planning proposals can be seen as counterproductive by some local stakeholders while remaining attractive to others.

Originality/value

Student tasks are developed in collaboration with a local municipality and students present their findings to local politicians and stakeholders. Presenting and localising the SDGs within a local community not only encourages students to undertake a local community analysis but also provides new perspectives to local stakeholders.
Internal audit’s evolving performance role: lessons from the South African public sector
Authors: Moodley Asogan , Ackers Barry , Odendaal Elza
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The formal adoption of internal auditing within the South African public sector was made compulsory by the Public Finance Management Act, No. 1 of 1999. Despite internal auditing’s primary role of adding value and assisting organisations to accomplish pre-defined strategic objectives, the increasing frequency of service delivery protests in South Africa, suggests that mandatory internal auditing may not have contributed to improving public sector performance and enhancing service delivery, as envisaged. This paper aims to identify the factors preventing internal audits from effectively contributing to improved public sector performance and service delivery.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a sequential mixed-methods research approach. Firstly, a survey instrument was used to collect empirical data from survey respondents at South African national government departments. Secondly, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were held with a purposively selected sample of participants to explore the observations from the first phase. The observations from the first two phases were validated through an analysis of pertinent documents and records.

Findings

Despite all departments adopting internal auditing, management’s expectations of internal auditing and the services provided by the internal audit function diverged. The results suggest that the emergence of a compliance approach to organisational governance together with poor performance management skills has impaired internal auditing’s ability to effectively contribute to strategic and performance management.

Research limitations/implications

Despite its South African orientation, as internal auditing is a global association and given that service delivery protests continue to occur in several countries around the world, increases the study’s international relevance. Moreover, the mandate of internal auditing requires it to add value to an organisation irrespective of its geographical location.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on internal auditing, particularly its adoption and implementation in the South African public sector. In addition to identifying the factors inhibiting effective internal auditing, the study advances a suggested framework for the future of internal auditing.
Intensive intervention and risk management services (IIRMS) three years on: what we need to do better in the offender personality disorder pathway
Authors: Craissati Jackie , Ramsden Jo , Ryan Sue , Webster Nicole , West Laura
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This is a discussion paper describing the reflections of clinical leads within well-established intensive intervention and risk management services (IIRMS). IIRMS has developed in the past five years, with a small number of services leading in the development of a psychologically informed case management approach to working with individuals released from prison on probation licence, who have a history of high risk, high harm violent convictions linked to pervasive psychological and interpersonal problems.

Design/methodology/approach

Clinical leads of three services considered a period of 23 months up to December 2019, in which the outcomes for all individuals on their caseload at that time were reviewed. Reflections on the themes included the reasons for a premature return to prison and emerging themes for those who appeared to be successfully resettled.

Findings

Approximately one-third of the individuals were returned to prison, and for most, this occurred within the first 18 months of release. There was considerable unanimity between clinical leads regarding the themes, and problems with relative youth, substance misuse, relationship difficulties, managing transitions and complacency featured. There were four themes identified in those who appeared to have settled successfully in the community.

Practical implications

The identified themes provide key learning that will be enshrined in an updated version of the guidance for all IIRMS, with the overall aim of reaching out and engaging with a group of individuals who are most at risk of exclusion from services.

Originality/value

Although there are limitations associated with the informal approach of this paper, the reflections of the clinical leads have provided a valuable addition to the very limited empirical literature in this field.
Customers’ self-image congruity and brand preference: a moderated mediation model of self-brand connection and self-motivation
Authors: Li Yaoqi , Zhang Chun , Shelby Lori , Huan Tzung-Cheng
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine the moderated mediation model among self-image congruity, self-brand connection, self-motivation and brand preference and validate that actual and ideal self-image congruity are two distinct constructs. As shown in the conceptual model, actual and ideal self-image congruity toward a brand have direct and indirect positive effects on brand preference through self-brand connection, whereas self-motivation moderates the effect of self-image congruity on self-brand connection.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collection was done through mall intercepts in six shopping malls in Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Huizhou in southern China. In total, 461 usable questionnaires were collected with 500 distributed copies. Confirmatory factor analysis using Mplus (v.7) was done to assess the measurement validity for each construct. PROCESS analysis for SPSS (v.19.0.0) was used for hypothesis testing.

Findings

Both actual and ideal self-image congruities present significant positive effects on brand preference through self-brand connection. The relationship between self-image congruity and the self-brand connection is also moderated by self-motivation.

Originality/value

This study fills an existing literature gap by distinguishing self-image and ideal self-image congruity as distinct constructs. Self-brand connection is posited as a new way to understand the mechanism of the self-image congruity effect on brand preference. Samples from several shopping malls in southern China are used to justify the important moderating role of self-motivation in consumers’ brand preferences.
CEO characteristics, management support for internal audit and corporate performance: an analysis of listed Malaysian companies
Authors: Alzeban Abdulaziz
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to advance the discussion on internal audit (IA) findings by empirically investigating the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics and the IA function, particularly IA findings and implementing IA recommendations and examining whether CEO and management support for IA moderate the effect of the recommendations on corporate performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered from two sources. A survey was conducted, directed at 217 heads of internal audit (HIAs) in listed companies on the Bursa Malaysia, and the annual reports of these companies for the period of 2018–2019 were consulted. A second survey was directed at audit committee chairs to obtain a perspective from other parties.

Findings

The results indicate that although CEO characteristics are not significantly associated with the number of IA findings, only CEO experience has a significant relationship with the level of the implementation of IA recommendations. The study also demonstrates that management support for IA is positively associated with corporate performance. Further, CEO experience and management support for IA increase the effects of the level to which those recommendations are implemented on corporate performance. However, the effect of management support on corporate performance is eliminated when it interacts with the involvement of CEOs in the HIA appointment and when these HIAs report directly to CEOs.

Practical implications

These outcomes provide implications for policymakers, regulators and researchers. Malaysia’s regulatory authorities, as well as those in other countries, particularly emerging markets where the institutional and cultural environments have similar characteristics, could consider the evidence of the relationship between the CEO’s financial background, management support for IA and IA recommendations when guiding companies about the mechanisms for appointing HIAs. Simultaneously, the results obtained could be useful when auditors are involved in risk assessment and rely on IA recommendations.

Originality/value

This study adds to the literature on the significant relationship between CEO characteristics (particularly CEO experience) and the level of implementing IA recommendations. It advances the research efforts on management support for IA by providing empirical evidence of how such support fosters a greater role for IA in improving corporate performance, as well as moderates the effect of IA in that endeavour. Further, the present study contributes to the developing literature on determinants of corporate performance by considering how these variables perform in the Malaysian setting.
Stunting and its associated factors in children aged 6–59 months in Ilubabor zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Zewdie Asrat , Negash Efrem , Tsegaye Dereje
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Stunting, which refers to low height-for-age, is one of the most important public health problems in Ethiopia, and it more accurately reflects nutritional deficiencies and illness that occur during the most critical periods for growth and development in early life. Given this, this paper aims at determining the magnitude and factors associated with stunting among 6–59 month old children in Ilubabor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper opted for a descriptive study using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of 617 children aged 6–59 months. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 and World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of stunting.

Findings

About 33.7% of children aged 6–59 months included in this study were stunted. The proportion of moderate and severe stunting among the stunted children was 26.4% and 7.3%, respectively. Large family size (AOR = 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5, 6.4), low dietary diversity score (AOR = 7.8; 95% CI: 4.6, 13.0) and household food insecurity (AOR = 16.4; 95% CI: 10.0, 26.7) were independent predictors of stunting.

Research limitations/implications

Reporting and recall bias related to food groups consumed over the past seven days and seasonal variation may affect the findings related to factors associated with stunting.

Practical implications

Globally, it is estimated that nearly 165 million children under the age of five are stunted. Outcomes associated with stunting include increased risk of mortality, increased disease risk, developmental delays, diminished ability to learn and lower school achievement and reduced lifelong productivity. So, determining the level of stunting in a particular community is important to design strategies for curbing the contributing factors.

Originality/value

This study’s community-based design yields a representative sample of study subjects in the Hurumu district, which is valuable for intervention methods and actions. Standardized tools that are validated for use by the World Health Organization are used. Besides, anthropometric data were analyzed using the updated WHO Anthro software.
The comprehensive mechanistic insight into the effects of vitamin D on dementia – a review
Authors: Jafarzadeh Jaber , Payahoo Laleh , Yousefi Mohammad , Barzegar Ali
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to depict the mechanistic role of vitamin D on dementia prevention, relief of the severity and the complication of the disease. All papers indexed in scientific databases, including Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar between 2000 and 2021 were extracted and discussed. To present the mechanistic role of vitamin D in declining the severity of dementia, keywords including dementia, vitamin D, oxidative stress, inflammation, amyloid beta-Peptides were used.

Design/methodology/approach

Dementia is a prevalent cognitive disorder worldwide, especially in elderly people, which is accompanied by serious disabilities. Besides genetic, biological and lifestyle factors are involved in the incidence of dementia. An unhealthy diet along with micronutrient deficiencies are among modifiable factors. Vitamin D is one of the important micronutrients in brain health. Besides the involvement in gene expression, bone mineralization, apoptosis, inflammation, skeletal maturation, neurotropic action and hemostasis of phosphate and calcium, vitamin D also exerts neuroprotective effects via genomic and non-genomic pathways.

Findings

Vitamin D up-regulates the expression of various genes involved in dementia incidence via various mechanisms. Decreasing oxidative stress and the neuro-inflammatory cytokines levels, regulation of the expression of alternated Proteins including Tau and Amyloid-ß, calcium homeostasis in the central nervous system and also vascular are considered main mechanisms.

Originality/value

Considering the importance of diet in preventing dementia, adherence to a healthy diet that provides essential nutrients to brain function seems to be urgent. Controlling serum levels of vitamin D periodically and providing vitamin D by related sources or supplements, if there is a deficiency, is recommended. Future studies are needed to clarify other related mechanisms.
A new index to evaluate the academic impact of journals: RAQ index
Authors: Zang Zhidong , Li Xiuxia , Xie Ruixia
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To improve the deficiencies of the existing journal influencing evaluation indexes, which have single influencing factors and are greatly affected by the number of papers published, this paper proposes a new evaluation of the journal influence method based on the RA index.

Design/methodology/approach

In the metrics create, the paper introduces the RA index for evaluating the impact of authors and analyzing its feasibility in journal evaluation. Then the RA index is divided by the number of journal's published papers to obtain the RAQ index to evaluate journal impact. In the metrics analysis, the authors analyze the statistical characteristics of the RAQ index using statistical analysis, and t-test, Roc curve and PLS were used to analyze the relationship between the RAQ index and other indicators.

Findings

Empirical results show that the RAQ index can effectively identify high-quality journals and reduce the number of published papers on journal evaluation. The empirical results show that the RAQ index has higher stability and discrimination than the h-index and g-index. Compared with other indexes, the RAQ index has better evaluation effects and statistical characteristics.

Originality/value

The current study proposes journals' RAQ index, which integrates the influence of high-, low- and zero-cited papers. It solves the problem of the virtual high of the h-type index. The findings will contribute to the evaluation of journal influence by offering a new research idea that facilitates the fairness and rationality of journal evaluation.
The role of individual characteristics and working conditions in understanding boredom at work
Authors: Toscanelli Cecilia , Udayar Shagini , Urbanaviciute Ieva , Massoudi Koorosh
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study proposes an examination of the psychometric properties of the French version of two boredom scales (i.e. the Dutch Boredom Scale and the Boredom Proneness Scale Short Version), the antecedents of boredom at work, based on an integrative theoretical framework drawing on the Job Demand-Resources model (Bakker and Demerouti, 2017) and the moderating effects of individual characteristics on the relation between contextual antecedents and boredom at work.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was based on a cross-sectional design with a sample of 363 Swiss workers. First, the two boredom scales were validated through a confirmatory factor analysis. Then, in order to study the relative strength of the predictors of boredom at work, a hierarchical regression model was tested. Finally, the interaction effects between individual characteristics and contextual antecedents of boredom at work were tested.

Findings

Factor analyses revealed a unidimensional structure for both instruments. Regression results showed that boredom proneness, job demands, job autonomy and social utility added a significant percentage of incremental variance to the model. Moreover, a significant interaction between contextual and individual characteristics in predicting boredom at work was observed.

Practical implications

Our findings stress the importance of taking into account employees' experiences at work when developing job design interventions to promote well-balanced working conditions for all, as well as targeted solutions for specific populations, in order to adequately address the issue of boredom in the workplace.

Originality/value

This study explores the relatively under-researched topic of boredom at work, known to be detrimental for individuals and organizations. To date, research on its antecedents has been quite fragmented and we particularly contribute to the literature by investigating this aspect.
Measuring Risk Information
Authors: SMITH KEVIN C. , SO ERIC C.
Published: November 2021

We develop a measure of how information events impact investors' expectations of risk. The measure is broadly applicable and simple to implement. We derive it from an option‐pricing model, where investors anticipate an announcement that simultaneously conveys information on the announcer's expected future cash flows and risk profile. We empirically implement the measure using firms' earnings announcements, showing that it closely aligns with our model's predictions and offers strong forecasting power for firms' risk profiles, costs of capital, and future investments. We further highlight pitfalls of using simple changes in option‐implied volatilities to study information gleaned from earnings announcements. Finally, we apply our measure to study disclosure regulation, the efficacy of text‐based proxies, and market‐wide events, which we use to illustrate our measure's uses, and illuminate its potential limitations.
Post‐Processing the National Water Model with Long Short‐Term Memory Networks for Streamflow Predictions and Model Diagnostics
Authors: Frame Jonathan M. , Kratzert Frederik , Raney Austin , Rahman Mashrekur , Salas Fernando R. , Nearing Grey S.
Published: November 2021

We build three long short‐term memory (LSTM) daily streamflow prediction models (deep learning networks) for 531 basins across the contiguous United States (CONUS), and compare their performance: (1) a LSTM post‐processor trained on the United States National Water Model (NWM) outputs (LSTM_PP), (2) a LSTM post‐processor trained on the NWM outputs and atmospheric forcings (LSTM_PPA), and (3) a LSTM model trained only on atmospheric forcing (LSTM_A). We trained the LSTMs for the period 2004–2014 and evaluated on 1994–2002, and compared several performance metrics to the NWM reanalysis. Overall performance of the three LSTMs is similar, with median NSE scores of 0.73 (LSTM_PP), 0.75 (LSTM_PPA), and 0.74 (LSTM_A), and all three LSTMs outperform the NWM validation scores of 0.62. Additionally, LSTM_A outperforms LSTM_PP and LSTM_PPA in ungauged basins. While LSTM as a post‐processor improves NWM predictions substantially, we achieved comparable performance with the LSTM trained without the NWM outputs (LSTM_A). Finally, we performed a sensitivity analysis to diagnose the land surface component of the NWM as the source of mass bias error and the channel router as a source of simulation timing error. This indicates that the NWM channel routing scheme should be considered a priority for NWM improvement.
Evaluating Global Climate Models for Hydrological Studies of the Upper Colorado River Basin
Authors: Pierce David W. , Cayan Daniel R. , Goodrich Jordan , Das Tapash , Munévar Armin
Published: November 2021

Three generations of global climate models (GCMs), Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 3 (CMIP3), CMIP5, and CMIP6, are evaluated for performance simulating seasonal mean and annual‐to‐decadal variability of temperature and precipitation in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Low‐frequency precipitation variability associated with drought is a particular focus and found to be a significant model shortcoming. The evaluation includes remote teleconnected atmospheric responses to the Pacific Ocean, including the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. GCMs have improved their simulation of the Upper Basin over model generations, but primarily in atmospheric circulation metrics. Persistent winter precipitation biases have changed little, including in multiyear precipitation variability. Users generally bias‐corrected GCM data before use; evaluation using a simple spatially and temporally averaged bias correction shows that the CMIP6 models outperform earlier generations after the bias correction, although more complex precipitation biases remain even after the simple bias correction. These model rankings will be useful when selecting GCMs for a variety of hydrological and ecological climate studies in the Upper Basin.
Impacts of Climate Change on Groundwater Availability and Spring Flows: Observations from the Highly Productive Medicine Lake Highlands/Fall River Springs Aquifer System
Authors: Mancewicz L.K. , Davisson L. , Wheelock S.J. , Burns E.R. , Poulson S.R. , Tyler S.W.
Published: November 2021

Medicine Lake Highlands/Fall River Springs Aquifer System, located in northeastern California, is home to some of the largest first‐order springs in the United States. This work assesses the likely effects of projected climate change on spring flow. Four anticipated climate futures (GFDL A2, GFDL B1, CCSM4 rcp 8.5, CNRM rcp 8.5) for California, which predict a range of conditions (generally warming and transitioning from snow to rain with variable amounts of total precipitation), are postulated to affect groundwater recharge primarily by changing evapotranspiration. The linkages between climate variables and spring flow are evaluated using a water balance model that represents the physics of evapotranspiration and recharge, the Basin Characterization Model. Three of the four climate scenarios (GFDL A2, GFDL B1, CCSM4 rcp 8.5) project that by the year 2100, groundwater recharge (and consequently decreased spring flow) will decrease by 27%, 21%, and 9%, respectively. The fourth scenario (CNRM rcp 8.5) showed an increase in recharge of 32% due to a significant increase in precipitation (27%). Evapotranspiration increases due to a shift in the type of precipitation and a longer growing season. While the likelihood of each scenario is outside the scope of this work, unless total precipitation increases dramatically in the future, increased temperatures and decreasing precipitation will likely result in reduced spring flows, along with warmer water temperatures in downstream habitats.
Privatization and productivity in China
Authors: Chen Yuyu , Igami Mitsuru , Sawada Masayuki , Xiao Mo
Published: November 2021

We study how ownership affects productivity in the context of China's privatization of state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). Its true impact remains unclear and controversial, partly because the government selectively privatized or liquidated nonperforming SOEs. To address this selection problem, we augment the Gandhi–Navarro–Rivers nonparametric production function to incorporate endogenous ownership changes. Results suggest private firms are 53% more productive than SOEs on average, but the benefits of privatization take several years to fully materialize. This productivity gap is smaller among larger firms and in economically more liberal times and places; it is larger in consumer‐facing and high‐tech industries.
Dating violence in adolescents in residential care: Frequency and associated factors
Authors: Dosil María , Jaureguizar Joana , Bernaras Elena
Published: November 2021

Prevalence of dating violence (DV) is increasing, so the detailed study of the related factors can help to intervene in it more specifically. This study had three goals: to analyse the frequency of DV; to explore the differences between the frequency of perpetration and victimization of DV and sexist attitudes, antisocial and criminal behaviours and personal adjustment and to identify predictor variables of the frequency of DV. The sample consisted of 271 adolescents in residential care (54.6% boys and 45.4% girls), aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 15.23,SD = 1.60). The results showed that 91.5% of the adolescents perpetrate violence and 88.6% are victimized in their dating relationships. Of them, 28% said they committed frequent violence and 27.3% suffered it frequently. Adolescents who frequently perpetrate or experience violence differ from those who do so occasionally in their personal adjustment, antisocial and criminal behaviours and sexist attitudes. The predictors of the violence perpetration were age, hostile paternalistic sexism and antisocial behaviours. The predictors of victimization were sex, age, hostile paternalistic sexism and self‐esteem. The results of this study could be useful for the prevention and intervention in DV in the area of residential care.
New technique for abdominal wall procurement. Initial experience
Authors: Justo Iago , Marcacuzco Alberto , Caso Óscar , Manrique Alejandro , García‐Sesma Álvaro , Calvo Jorge , García‐Conde María , Fernández Clara , del Pozo Pilar , Rodríguez Yolanda , Jiménez‐Romero Carlos
Published: November 2021

Difficulty in obtaining adequate abdominal wall closure due to loss of the abdominal domain is a frequent complication of multivisceral, isolated intestinal transplantation and in some cases of liver transplantation. Various methods for primary closure have been proposed, including the use of synthetic and biological meshes, as well as full‐thickness abdominal wall and non‐vascularized rectus fascia grafts. We describe a novel technique for abdominal wall procurement in which the graft is perfused synchronously with the abdominal organs and can be transplanted as a full‐thickness wall or as a non‐vascularized rectus fascia graft. We performed six transplants of non‐vascularized rectus fascia in three intestinal transplants, one multivisceral transplant, and two liver transplants. The size of the covered abdominal wall defects ranged from 17 cm × 7 cm to 25 cm × 20 cm. Only one patient developed graft infection secondary to enterocutaneous fistula requiring surgical correction and removal of the fascia graft. This patient, as well as two other patients, died due to sepsis. Our procurement technique allows removal of the rectus fascia graft to cover the abdominal wall defect, providing a feasible solution for treatment of abdominal wall defects in recipients after abdominal organ transplantation.
Endoscopic ultrasound versus magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for the diagnosis of computed tomography‐negative common bile duct stone: Prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Suzuki Masato , Sekino Yusuke , Hosono Kunihiro , Yamamoto Kouji , Kawana Kenichi , Nagase Hajime , Kubota Kensuke , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: November 2021

Objectives

For suspected common bile duct stone (CBDS) missed on computed tomography (CT), there is no clear evidence on whether endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the better diagnostic tool. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of EUS and MRCP for cases of missed CBDS on CT.

Methods

Patients suspected of having CBDS were enrolled and randomly allocated to the EUS or MRCP group. Upon the initial examination, those having CBDS or sludge formation underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), while those who were CBDS‐negative underwent a second examination with either MRCP or EUS, which was distinct from the initial diagnostic procedure. The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy, and the secondary outcomes were diagnostic ability, detection rate and characteristics of CBDS in the second examination, and the frequency of adverse events.

Results

Between April 2019 and January 2021, 50 patients were enrolled in the study. The accuracy was 92.3% for EUS and 68.4% for MRCP (P = 0.055). EUS showed 100% sensitivity, 88.2% specificity, 81.8% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value, and MRCP showed 33.3% sensitivity, 84.6% specificity, 50% positive predictive value, and 73.3% negative predictive value. The CBDS detection rate in the second examination was 0% for MRCP after a negative EUS and 35.7% for EUS after a negative MRCP (P = 0.041). No adverse events occurred in any of the patients.

Conclusions

Endoscopic ultrasound may be a superior diagnostic tool compared to MRCP for the detection of CBDS that are undetected on CT. (UMIN000036357).
The importance of 1.5°C warming for the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: McWhorter Jennifer K. , Halloran Paul R. , Roff George , Skirving William J. , Perry Chris T. , Mumby Peter J.
Published: November 2021

Tropical coral reefs are among the most sensitive ecosystems to climate change and will benefit from the more ambitious aims of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change's Paris Agreement, which proposed to limit global warming to 1.5° rather than 2°C above pre‐industrial levels. Only in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change focussed assessment, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), have climate models been used to investigate the 1.5° warming scenario directly. Here, we combine the most recent model updates from CMIP6 with a semi‐dynamic downscaling to evaluate the difference between the 1.5 and 2°C global warming targets on coral thermal stress metrics for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). By ~2080, severe bleaching events are expected to occur annually under intensifying emissions (shared socioeconomic pathway SSP5‐8.5). Adherence to 2° warming (SSP1‐2.6) halves this frequency but the main benefit of confining warming to 1.5° (SSP1‐1.9) is that bleaching events are reduced further to 3 events per decade. Attaining low emissions of 1.5° is also paramount to prevent the mean magnitude of thermal stress from stabilizing close to a critical thermal threshold (8 Degree Heating Weeks). Thermal stress under the more pessimistic pathways SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5 is three to fourfold higher than the present day, with grave implications for future reef ecosystem health. As global warming continues, our projections also indicate more regional warming in the central and southern GBR than the far north and northern GBR.
Merging the public and private spheres of women's work: Narratives from women street food vendors during Covid‐19 crisis
Authors: Guha Puja , Neti Annapurna , Lobo Roshni
Published: November 2021

Feminist economists have long questioned the dichotomy between the “private” versus “public” spheres of women's work and have argued for a more nuanced understanding of the marketable paid work and the unpaid work of household caregiving. This paper focuses on women street food vendors' (SFVs) experiences before and during Covid‐19 pandemic to understand how street food vending as a livelihood activity interacts with social dimensions like gender and division of labor. Through multiple in‐depth interviews with 23 women street vendors in Bengaluru, India, before and during the pandemic, we show that there is a blurring of the dichotomy between the work done in the private and public spaces before the pandemic, which is disrupted by Covid‐19 crisis. The first half of the paper explores the household labor dynamics in the context of paid and unpaid work of women and explains how the women SFVs, capitalizing on their existing skills of “cooking,” were able to gain agency and recognition for themselves within the households. The second half of the paper focuses on the narratives of the same women SFVs during the first wave of the Covid pandemic and the subsequent lockdown. We find that the Covid crisis brought back the dichotomy between private and public spheres, making it more pronounced, with women losing their control over the public sphere and their work being restricted only to the private sphere.
Welfare chauvinism among co‐ethnics: Evidence from a conjoint experiment in South Korea
Authors: Ward Peter , Denney Steven
Published: November 2021

This paper asks whether welfare chauvinism applies to co‐ethnic migrants. Existing research on welfare chauvinism, the view that welfare provision should be restricted to native‐born citizens and that migrants should be excluded from provision, has largely focused on ethnic difference as a main motivation, but little attention is given to whether native‐born citizens discriminate among co‐ethnics. Using a choice‐based conjoint experiment and various framing interventions, this paper considers whether South Koreans discriminate against co‐ethnic migrants in providing social housing. It also considers whether public cost and recipient contribution requirements affect discrimination. We find that co‐ethnics are subject to welfare chauvinism, with applicants from more developed and culturally similar origins more preferred, but we do not find that the cost structure motivates discrimination based on origins. Accordingly, this paper expands the literature on migration and welfare states to better consider non‐Western societies with high levels of co‐ethnic migration.
A Review of Seasonal Adjustment Diagnostics
Authors: McElroy Tucker , Roy Anindya
Published: November 2021

Seasonal adjustment methods are used to process and publish thousands of time series across the world each month, and judgement of the adequacy relies heavily upon seasonal adjustment diagnostics. This paper discusses tests for the adequacy of a seasonal adjustment, first reviewing the broader background on tests for seasonality and then proceeding to four tests that are appropriate for stationary forms of seasonality. We contrast time‐domain and frequency‐domain approaches, focusing upon four diagnostics available in the seasonal adjustment literature (and software packages) and applying the methods to a large collection of public use time series. Each of the four tests is designed around a distinct formulation of seasonality, and hence, empirical performances differ; we compare and contrast the methods and include discussion on how diagnostic results can be used to improve faulty seasonal adjustments. Directions for future research, involving inverse partial autocorrelations and polyspectra, are also discussed, and the methodologies are supported by theoretical and simulation results.
Accelerated oxidation during 1350°C cycling of ytterbium silicate environmental barrier coatings
Authors: Kane Kenneth , Garcia Eugenio , Lance Michael , Parker Cory , Sampath Sanjay , Pint Bruce
Published: November 2021

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) will be needed to protect SiC‐based ceramic matrix composite components for the next generation of high‐efficiency industrial gas turbines (IGTs). The IGT application will require ≥25 kh lifetimes, and little data are available on EBC failure mechanisms, particularly at ≥1300°C. Initial 1‐h furnace cycle testing at 1350°C in 90 vol% H2O/10 vol% air was conducted ≥1000 cycles on thermally sprayed ytterbium disilicate (YbDS) coatings with and without an Si bond coating. By ≥1000 h, both EBCs formed thick, highly cracked, and fully crystalline cristobalite scales. Comparison of thermally grown oxide (TGO) microstructure and kinetics to isothermal rates of Si and SiC steam oxidation indicated a departure from slow‐growing parabolic growth to more rapid rates of silica formation. Possible mechanisms and implications for this acceleration are discussed.