bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Losing Prosociality in the Quest for Talent? Sorting, Selection, and Productivity in the Delivery of Public Services
Authors: Ashraf Nava , Bandiera Oriana , Davenport Edward , Lee Scott S.
Published: April 2020

We embed a field experiment in a nationwide recruitment drive for a new health care position in Zambia to test whether career benefits attract talent at the expense of prosocial motivation. In line with common wisdom, offering career opportunities attracts less prosocial applicants. However, the trade-off exists only at low levels of talent; the marginal applicants in treatment are more talented and equally prosocial. These are hired, and perform better at every step of the causal chain: they provide more inputs, increase facility utilization, and improve health outcomes including a 25 percent decrease in child malnutrition. (JEL H83, I11, I13, J24, M51, O15, Z13)
Building Nations through Shared Experiences: Evidence from African Football
Authors: Depetris-Chauvin Emilio , Durante Ruben , Campante Filipe
Published: April 2020

We examine whether shared collective experiences help build a national identity, by looking at the impact of national football teams’ victories in sub-Saharan Africa. We find that individuals surveyed in the days after an important victory of their country’s national team are 37 percent less likely to identify primarily with their ethnic group, and 30 percent more likely to trust other ethnicities, than those interviewed just before. Crucially, national team achievements also reduce violence: countries that (barely) qualified to the Africa Cup of Nations experience less civil conflict (9 percent fewer episodes) in the following months than countries that (barely) did not. (JEL D74, J15, L83, O15, O17, Z21)
Improved bacterial RNA-seq by Cas9-based depletion of ribosomal RNA reads
Authors: Prezza Gianluca , Heckel Tobias , Dietrich Sascha , Homberger Christina , Westermann Alexander J. , Vogel Jörg
Published: April 2020

A major challenge for RNA-seq analysis of gene expression is to achieve sufficient coverage of informative nonribosomal transcripts. In eukaryotic samples, this is typically achieved by selective oligo(dT)-priming of messenger RNAs to exclude ribosomal RNA (rRNA) during cDNA synthesis. However, this strategy is not compatible with prokaryotes in which functional transcripts are generally not polyadenylated. To overcome this, we adopted DASH (depletion of abundant sequences by hybridization), initially developed for eukaryotic cells, to improve both the sensitivity and depth of bacterial RNA-seq. DASH uses the Cas9 nuclease to remove unwanted cDNA sequences prior to library amplification. We report the design, evaluation, and optimization of DASH experiments for standard bacterial short-read sequencing approaches, including software for automated guide RNA (gRNA) design for Cas9-mediated cleavage in bacterial rDNA sequences. Using these gRNA pools, we effectively removed rRNA reads (56%–86%) in RNA-seq libraries from two different model bacteria, the Gram-negative pathogen Salmonella enterica and the anaerobic gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. DASH works robustly, even with subnanogram amounts of input RNA. Its efficiency, high sensitivity, ease of implementation, and low cost (∼$5 per sample) render DASH an attractive alternative to rRNA removal protocols, in particular for material-constrained studies where conventional ribodepletion techniques fail.
Applying inter-rater reliability to improve consistency in classifying PhD career outcomes
Authors: Stayart C. Abigail , Brandt Patrick D. , Brown Abigail M. , Dahl Tamara , Layton Rebekah L. , Petrie Kimberly A. , Flores-Kim Emma N. , Peña Christopher G. , Fuhrmann Cynthia N. , Monsalve Gabriela C.
Published: April 2020

Background: There has been a groundswell of national support for transparent tracking and dissemination of PhD career outcomes. In 2017, individuals from multiple institutions and professional organizations met to create the Unified Career Outcomes Taxonomy (UCOT 2017), a three-tiered taxonomy to help institutions uniformly classify career outcomes of PhD graduates. Early adopters of UCOT 2017, noted ambiguity in some categories of the career taxonomy, raising questions about its consistent application within and across institutions.

Methods: To test and evaluate the consistency of UCOT 2017, we calculated inter-rater reliability across two rounds of iterative refinement of the career taxonomy, classifying over 800 PhD alumni records via nine coders.

Results: We identified areas of discordance in the taxonomy, and progressively refined UCOT 2017 and an accompanying Guidance Document to improve inter-rater reliability across all three tiers of the career taxonomy. However, differing interpretations of the classifications, especially for faculty classifications in the third tier, resulted in continued discordance among the coders. We addressed this discordance with clarifying language in the Guidance Document, and proposed the addition of a flag system for identification of the title, rank, and prefix of faculty members. This labeling system provides the additional benefit of highlighting the granularity and the intersectionality of faculty job functions, while maintaining the ability to sort by - and report data on - faculty and postdoctoral trainee roles, as is required by some national and federal reporting guidelines. We provide specific crosswalk guidance for how a user may choose to incorporate our suggestions while maintaining the ability to report in accordance with UCOT 2017.

Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of detailed guidance documents, coder training, and periodic collaborative review of career outcomes taxonomies as PhD careers evolve in the global workforce. Implications for coder-training and use of novice coders are also discussed.
Influence of socio-demographic and environmental factors on childhood diarrhea in Cambodia
Authors: Pisey Vong , Banchonhattakit Pannee
Published: April 2020

Background: Diarrhea is still the leading cause of childhood death worldwide, as well as a major cause for concern in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to childhood diarrhea in Cambodia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the combination of two datasets from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the determinant factors of childhood diarrhea.

Results: The surveys included 2,828 children, aged 12 to 35 months. The prevalence of diarrhea was 16.44% (95% CI: 14.72%-18.31%). Factors with statistically significant associations with childhood diarrhea in Cambodia were: maternal  unemployment, compared with being in employment (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.14-1.78); the child being male (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02-1.53); the presence of unimproved toilet facilities (AOR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.05-1.31) compared with improved toilet facilities; and unhygienic disposal of children’s stools (AOR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.06-1.64) compared with hygienic disposal of children’s stools when controlling for other covariates. Both maternal age (one year older; AOR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.78– 0.93) and child age (one month older; AOR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.78-0.94) had significant negative associations with the occurrence of childhood diarrhea.

Conclusion: Childhood diarrhea remains a public health concern in Cambodia. The probability of diarrhea occurring is shown to be increased by maternal unemployment, the sex of the child being male, lack of provision of improved toilet facilities, and the unhygienic disposal of children’s stools; whereas increasing maternal age and child’s age were associated with a reduced chance of diarrhea occurring. On the basis of these results, we recommend provision of programs focusing on reducing diarrhea through the construction of improved toilet facilities and the promotion of behavior to improve hygiene, specifically targeting younger mothers.
GFF Utilities: GffRead and GffCompare
Authors: Pertea Geo , Pertea Mihaela
Published: April 2020

Summary: GTF (Gene Transfer Format) and GFF (General Feature Format) are popular file formats used by bioinformatics programs to represent and exchange information about various genomic features, such as gene and transcript locations and structure. GffRead and GffCompare are open source programs that provide extensive and efficient solutions to manipulate files in a GTF or GFF format. While GffRead can convert, sort, filter, transform, or cluster genomic features, GffCompare can be used to compare and merge different gene annotations.

Availability and implementation: GFF utilities are implemented in C++ for Linux and OS X and released as open source under an MIT license  (https://github.com/gpertea/gffread, https://github.com/gpertea/gffcompare).
Do quality improvement interventions for person-centered family planning work? Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Diamond-Smith Nadia , Giessler Katie , Munson Meghan , Green Cathy
Published: April 2020

Background: Quality of care for family planning, especially person-centered care, is important from a health and human-rights standpoint. Few interventions have aimed to improve person-centered family planning (PCFP) in low and middle-income countries. In this study, we tested the impact of a quality improvement (QI) intervention in Kenya on aspects of PCFP included in a validated measure of PCFP and on the overall PCFP scale.

Methods: We conducted QI cycles in three facilities providing family planning in Nairobi and Kiambu Counties, Kenya, with three facilities serving as controls. Cross-sectional baseline data was collected from 478 women receiving family planning in 2016 and end line data was collected from 640 in 2017-18.  We analysed the impact of the QI intervention on PCFP using difference-in-difference models.

Results: We found no impact of the QI intervention on either PCFP or the overall PCFP scale.

Conclusions: We take away key lessons learned from the null findings of the intervention that are important for future interventions. Lessons learned include the need to be flexible in light of external factors that prolonged the study and probably led to burnout; and simplifying measurement and procedures.
Disability-inclusive COVID-19 response: What it is, why it is important and what we can learn from the United Kingdom’s response
Authors: Kuper Hannah , Banks Lena Morgon , Bright Tess , Davey Calum , Shakespeare Tom
Published: April 2020

All too often, disabled people are left behind in emergencies, and this is a risk in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This is an important issue, as globally there are approximately one billion people with disabilities. This number includes one in three people aged over 60, who are the group at greatest risk from COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic in the UK has highlighted additional difficulties that disabled people may face. Complying with preventative measures, like social distancing, can be challenging, particular for people who rely on carers. Disabled people may also be at greater risk of morbidity and mortality if they contract the virus, yet in danger of being de-prioritised for care. Many people with disabilities have ongoing healthcare needs, and these need to still be supported during the pandemic. Furthermore, people may become newly disabled as a result of the pandemic, and therefore require appropriate care. Good practice examples have emerged for meeting these challenges, such as guidance for healthcare professionals on treating people with dementia, but these need to be scaled up further and adapted for other settings. In conclusion, it is clear that a disability-inclusive COVID-19 response is needed, both in the UK and as the pandemic unfolds globally. This response will require inclusion of disability measures within data collection, consulting with disabled people, and tailoring responses to be appropriate for this group.
Evidence of initial success for China exiting COVID-19 social distancing policy after achieving containment
Authors: Ainslie Kylie E. C. , Walters Caroline E. , Fu Han , Bhatia Sangeeta , Wang Haowei , Xi Xiaoyue , Baguelin Marc , Bhatt Samir , Boonyasiri Adhiratha , Boyd Olivia , Cattarino Lorenzo , Ciavarella Constanze , Cucunuba Zulma , Cuomo-Dannenburg Gina , Dighe Amy , Dorigatti Ilaria , van Elsland Sabine L , FitzJohn Rich , Gaythorpe Katy , Ghani Azra C , Green Will , Hamlet Arran , Hinsley Wes , Imai Natsuko , Jorgensen David , Knock Edward , Laydon Daniel , Nedjati-Gilani Gemma , Okell Lucy C , Siveroni Igor , Thompson Hayley A , Unwin H. Juliette T. , Verity Robert , Vollmer Michaela , Walker Patrick G T , Wang Yuanrong , Watson Oliver J , Whittaker Charles , Winskill Peter , Donnelly Christl A , Ferguson Neil M , Riley Steven
Published: April 2020

Background: The COVID-19 epidemic was declared a Global Pandemic by WHO on 11 March 2020. By 24 March 2020, over 440,000 cases and almost 20,000 deaths had been reported worldwide. In response to the fast-growing epidemic, which began in the Chinese city of Wuhan, Hubei, China imposed strict social distancing in Wuhan on 23 January 2020 followed closely by similar measures in other provinces. These interventions have impacted economic productivity in China, and the ability of the Chinese economy to resume without restarting the epidemic was not clear.

Methods: Using daily reported cases from mainland China and Hong Kong SAR, we estimated transmissibility over time and compared it to daily within-city movement, as a proxy for economic activity.

Results: Initially, within-city movement and transmission were very strongly correlated in the five mainland provinces most affected by the epidemic and Beijing. However, that correlation decreased rapidly after the initial sharp fall in transmissibility. In general, towards the end of the study period, the correlation was no longer apparent, despite substantial increases in within-city movement. A similar analysis for Hong Kong shows that intermediate levels of local activity were maintained while avoiding a large outbreak. At the very end of the study period, when China began to experience the re-introduction of a small number of cases from Europe and the United States, there is an apparent up-tick in transmission.

Conclusions: Although these results do not preclude future substantial increases in incidence, they suggest that after very intense social distancing (which resulted in containment), China successfully exited its lockdown to some degree. Elsewhere, movement data are being used as proxies for economic activity to assess the impact of interventions. The results presented here illustrate how the eventual decorrelation between transmission and movement is likely a key feature of successful COVID-19 exit strategies.
Modern family: Texas critical care clinicians need to know about informal marriage
Authors: Crist Jamie
Published: April 2020

Critical care clinicians are legally and ethically obligated to identify the appropriate surrogate decision-makers for patients who lack capacity and cannot make medical decisions for themselves. When the identification of the appropriate surrogate is streamlined, patient care is improved due to an uninterrupted and consistent plan of care that adheres to patient preferences. However, the process of identifying this “appropriate” person can be complex, especially as interpersonal relationships have evolved over time. One such modern family relationship is informal marriage, a Texas-specific relationship formerly known as “common-law” marriage. Though crucially important, this relationship is can difficult to recognize and frequently misunderstood.
Utilizing a case study that illustrates the impact the existence of an informal marriage has on medical decision-making, this paper seeks to demystify informal marriage by outlining what makes a relationship an informal marriage and provide tools to assist clinicians with identifying it.  In an age where non-traditional relationships are more common, Texas critical care clinicians should be familiar enough with informal marriage to recognize it in their patients in order to efficiently identify surrogates and therefore improve patient care.
Coronavirus Disease 2019: A threat to global health
Authors: Saa Lisa , Iwuji Kenneth
Published: April 2020

Due to its rapid spread, the World Health Organization characterized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Coronaviruses cause a variety of respiratory diseases, ranging from the mild common cold to the lethal Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. At the end of 2019, COVID-19 made its way onto the global stage due to its rapid human-to-human transmission and its ability to cause death secondary to respiratory failure. Symptoms of lower respiratory illness, including cough and shortness of breath, along with fever, should raise suspicion of COVID-19 infection in those who have recently traveled to high-risk areas or have had close contact with a confirmed or suspected case of COVID-19. Other symptoms include gastrointestinal distress and cardiac involvement. Polymerase chain reaction testing of respiratory specimens and computed tomographic scans of the chest can be used to confirm the disease. Preventing exposure to the disease through handwashing, surface disinfection, and avoiding contact with those who are sick is the best way to prevent transmission of the disease. Many countries and local governments have implemented stayat-home orders to decrease the rapid spread of COVID-19. Management of the disease involves symptom control, as there is currently no available treatment, but many clinical trials are underway. Global health efforts have concentrated on quick and aggressive actions to slow the transmission of the disease and identify cases as quickly as possible but with varying degrees of success.
Sarcoidosis and smoking: An unlikely duo
Authors: Kopel Jonathan
Published: April 2020

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous pulmonary disorder in middle-age adults characterized by systemic proliferation of helper T cells. Fewer than 10% of sarcoidosis patients have a family history, and many cases develop from interactions between environmental exposure and genetic polymorphisms. Several epidemiological studies suggest cigarette smoke with nicotine may prevent sarcoidosis. Given the many studies linking smoking to several diseases and long-term complications, recommending smoking or nicotine therapy for granulomatous lung diseases, such as sarcoidosis, remains a difficult proposition. More research is needed to isolate the chemical component(s) in cigarette smoke that might reduce the risk of sarcoidosis and determine efficacy and potential adverse effects. In addition, more investigation is needed to determine whether cigarette smoking actually lowers the risk of developing sarcoidosis.
Onward and Upward? An Empirical Investigation of Gender and Promotions in Information Technology Services
Authors: Langer Nishtha , Gopal Ram D. , Bapna Ravi
Published: April 2020

Is there a gender bias in promotions at information technology (IT) companies? Do women get an equal lift in their promotion prospects from performance improvements, work experience, and training as men? These are pertinent and important questions affecting today’s IT human capital. We analyze data from a leading IT services firm using robust econometric techniques to suggest that, contrary to expectations, women are more likely to be promoted. Although we do not find any evidence of overt discrimination, our findings, however, are far more nuanced and imply that there may be covert discrimination against women in IT when it comes to promotions: compared with men, women realize less benefit from performance gains than men, less benefit from tenure within the focal firm, but more benefit from training. Although our analysis is limited to the lower rungs of the organizational hierarchy, we propose several actionable managerial and policy insights that can potentially make IT firms more inclusive and attractive to women: more parity in the effect of performance improvements and work experience on promotions and using training as a signaling mechanism that can identify and encourage stellar women as they navigate the promotional ladder in IT firms.
Theoretical analysis on the enhancement of one-third harmonic generation in quasi-phase-matching schemes based on modal dispersion modulation
Authors: Zhang Jianyu , Sun Yunxu , Song Qinghai
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a theoretical analysis of quasi-phase-matched (QPM) one-third harmonic generation (OTHG) in waveguides with different modal dispersion modulation schemes is presented. According to the different relative phase evolutions along the propagating path within the decay length, the QPM scheme falls into two categories: modal phase-mismatch switching (MPMS) and modal phase-mismatch compensating (MPMC). The enhancements of OTHG conversion efficiency in these two different modulation schemes with the same modulation depth, as compared to the unmodulated traditional modal phase-matching condition, are calculated and compared. It turns out that a higher conversion efficiency of OTHG can be achieved in a MPMC scheme than in a MPMS scheme. The dependence of OTHG conversion efficiency on the parameter of modulation depth in each modulation scheme is also analyzed. It is demonstrated that the maximal conversion efficiency of OTHG increases with the modulation depth in a MPMS scheme, which is insensitive to the modulation depth in a MPMC scheme. Based on the analysis, an improved proposal for a MPMC scheme that makes full use of the evolution of nonlinear dispersion along the propagating path is proposed and demonstrated in waveguide with optimally designed constant modal dispersion, which supports the most efficient OTHG conversion of all the discussed modal dispersion modulation schemes.
Optomechanical detection of light with orbital angular momentum
Authors: Kaviani Hamidreza , Ghobadi Roohollah , Behera Bishnupada , Wu Marcelo , Hryciw Aaron , Vo Sonny , Fattal David , Barclay Paul
Published: April 2020

We present the design of an optomechanical device that allows sensitive transduction of the orbital angular momentum of light. An optically induced twist imparted on the device is detected using a photonic crystal cavity optomechanical system. This device allows the measurement of the orbital angular momentum of light when photons are absorbed by the mechanical element or the detection of the presence of photons when they are scattered into new orbital angular momentum states by a sub-wavelength grating patterned on the device. Such a system allows the detection of optical pulses with an l = 1 orbital angular momentum field that have an average photon number of 3.9 × 103 at a 5 MHz repetition rate, assuming that detector noise is not limiting measurement sensitivity. This scheme can be extended to higher order orbital angular momentum states.
Impact of spectral filtering on pulse breaking-up and noise-like pulse generation in all-normal dispersion fiber lasers
Authors: Xu Runqin , Xu Fanjiang , Song Yanrong , Duan Lei , Song Yunbo , Tan Shudan , Liu Zhaohui
Published: April 2020

Based on mathematic simulations, the impact of spectral filtering on pulse breaking up and noise-like pulse generation in all-normal-dispersion fiber lasers are investigated. Three types of spectrum filters are employed in the simulations, which have a Gaussian-shaped profile, super-Gaussian-shaped profile, and sinusoidal-shaped profile, respectively. With the Gaussian-shaped filter, the pulse breaking-up process is discussed. The super-Gaussian-shaped filter and the sinusoidal-shaped filter have two different formation mechanisms for noise-like pulses and are revealed. In addition, with the sinusoidal-shaped filter, dissipative solitons of different central wavelengths are achieved.
Wavefront correction for adaptive optics with reflected light and deep neural networks
Authors: Vishniakou Ivan , Seelig Johannes D.
Published: April 2020

Light scattering and aberrations limit optical microscopy in biological tissue, which motivates the development of adaptive optics techniques. Here, we develop a method for wavefront correction in adaptive optics with reflected light and deep neural networks compatible with an epi-detection configuration. Large datasets of sample aberrations which consist of excitation and detection path aberrations as well as the corresponding reflected focus images are generated. These datasets are used for training deep neural networks. After training, these networks can disentangle and independently correct excitation and detection aberrations based on reflected light images recorded from scattering samples. A similar deep learning approach is also demonstrated with scattering guide stars. The predicted aberration corrections are validated using two photon imaging.
Parametric upconversion of Ince–Gaussian modes
Authors: Yang Hao-Ran , Wu Hai-Jun , Gao Wei , Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo , Zhu Zhi-Han
Published: April 2020

The Ince–Gaussian (IG) mode, a recently discovered type of structured Gaussian beam, corresponds to eigenfunctions of the paraxial wave equation in elliptical coordinates. This propagation-invariant mode is of significance in various domains, in particular, its nonlinear transformation; however, there have been few relevant studies to date. In this Letter, we report the parametric upconversion of IG modes and associated full-field selection rule for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. We demonstrate that IG signals can be perfectly upconverted by a flattop-beam pump; in contrast, significant mode distortion occurred when using the most common Gaussian pump. Particular attention was given to the origin of the distortion, i.e., radial-mode degeneration induced by the sum-frequency generation excited by a Gaussian pump. This proof-of-principle demonstration has great significance in relevant areas, such as high-dimensional quantum frequency interfacing and upconversion imaging.
Ghost imaging through inhomogeneous turbulent atmosphere along an uplink path and a downlink path
Authors: Tan Wei , Huang Xianwei , Nan Suqin , Bai Yanfeng , Fu Xiquan
Published: April 2020

Ghost imaging through inhomogeneous turbulent atmosphere along an uplink path and a downlink path is studied in detail by using the numerical simulation method. Based on the Hufnagel-Valley5/7 turbulent atmosphere profile model, the numerical imaging formula of ghost imaging through turbulent atmosphere along a slant path is derived and used to analyze the influence of turbulent atmosphere along an uplink path and a downlink path on the imaging quality, and the effect from the zenith angle is also discussed. The numerical results show that the imaging quality through turbulent atmosphere along a downlink path is better than that along an uplink one, which can be explained by the phase modulation effect.
A magyar mezőgazdaság teljesítménye 2004-2017 között
Authors: Popp József , Szenderák János , Fróna Dániel , Felföldi János , Oláh Judit , Harangi-Rákos Mónika
Published: April 2020

Magyarországon a mezőgazdasági ágazat nemzetgazdasági szerepe az uniós csatlakozásután sem változott meg, 2004-2017 között a mezőgazdaság részaránya a GDP termelésben 3,0- 4,1% között ingadozott. A mezőgazdaság húzóágazata a növénytermesztés, így a teljesítményt nagyban meghatározza a növénytermesztési ágazat évenkénti kibocsátása és a növényi termékek áralakulása.Az ágazat beruházása a támogatási lehetőségekhez igazodott, ezért követi annak ciklikusságát. A mezőgazdasági beruházások részesedése az ország összes beruházásából 2000-ben 4,7%-ot tett ki, 2014-ben érte el a legmagasabb, 6%-os arányt, azóta viszont csökkent a beruházási kedv. A mezőgazdasági kibocsátás 2016-ban megközelítette a 2 600 milliárd forintot, a kibocsátás és a folyó termelőfelhasználás különbözeteként számított bruttó hozzáadott érték pedig az 1 100 milliárd forintot. A fizetett munkaerő-ráfordítás évek óta emelkedik, a teljes felhasznált munkaerő-mennyiség pedig csökken. A jövedelmek forrása a termelői áron számított bruttó hozzáadott érték mellett a növénytermesztés terméktámogatása, az állatok és állati termékek terméktámogatása és az egyéb termelési támogatások – termelési adókkal csökkentett – összege. A termelési tényezők (felhasznált föld, tőke, munkaerő) jövedelme az elmúlt években főként a növénytermesztés hozamaitól és a termelői áraktól függően változott, ami a vállalkozói jövedelem alakulását is meghatározta. Ezzel szemben a felhasználási oldalon szereplő költségek (munkadíj, bérleti díj és kamat) és az értékcsökkenésre elszámolt összeg kevésbé ingadozott. Magyarországon az EU-csatlakozás után a mezőgazdasági vállalkozók jövedelmén belül nőtt a támogatások aránya. Az időjárástól függő kibocsátás ingadozása is számottevően befolyásolja a jövedelem alakulását. A jó terméshozamú években a jövedelem összetételében a támogatások szerepe csökken. 2016-ban 73% volt ez az arány, de a kevésbé jó termést hozó években ennél magasabb arányt tett ki a támogatás a vállalkozói jövedelmekben.
A Mérnöki Kar agrár és műszaki képzési területein történő lemorzsolódás okainak feltárása tárgyában készült kérdőíves felmérés eredményei
Authors: Lendvai Edina , Panyor Ágota , Hampel György
Published: April 2020

Az EFOP-3.4.3-16-2016-00014 AP 1.2.3 „Lemorzsolódást csökkentő programkifejlesztése az MTMI területeken” című pályázat keretében kérdőívet készítettünk, mellyel fel kívántuk mérni a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Mérnöki Karán tanuló egyetemisták között a lemorzsolódás okát. A kérdőívek kitöltetésére 2017. november 10. és november 20. között került sor.Az eredmények szerint a hallgatók számára tanulmányaik során a legjelentősebb gondot a matematika, a kémia, a biológia és az elektrotechnika (alapja a fizika) kurzusok teljesítése jelenti. A nehézségek oka elsősorban a hiányos középiskolai tudásban keresendő. A hallgatók emiatt nem értik az előadásokon, illetve gyakorlatokon elhangzottakat. A hallgatók sikeresebb felkészülését jelentős mértékben támogathatná a felzárkóztató kurzusokon való részvétel, melynek lényege a középiskolai tananyag vonatkozó részeinek magasabb szintű elsajátítása. Javaslatunk tehát, hogy készüljenek el a matematika, a kémia, a biológia és a fizika felzárkóztató kurzusok tematikái és tananyagai, amelyek segíteni tudják a hallgatók eredményesebb felkészülését, csökkentve ezzel a hallgatói lemorzsolódás mértékét.
Páros t-próba programozható kialakítása Excel VBA környezetben
Authors: Hampel György
Published: April 2020

Az Excel táblázatkezelő programmal olyan számolótáblákat tudunk kialakítani, melyeket többször is használhatunk. Egy-egy adat megváltozásakor automatikusan újraszámítódik a teljes tábla. Az adatok megváltoztatását programozott módon is elvégezhetjük a Visual Basic for Application (VBA) szolgáltatás segítségével. Összetett számítások esetén célszerű arra törekedni, hogy a kialakított számolótábla egyszerűen tegye lehetővé a paraméterek értékétől függő eredmények képzését.Jelen publikáció a páros t-próba automatizált végrehajtása kialakításának egy lehetséges módját tárgyalja. Statisztikai programok nem teszik lehetővé a programozással automatizált kiértékeléseket, ezért az Excel VBA alkalmazása jelentősen felgyorsítja az ismételten elvégzendő számítások előkészítését és végrehajtását. A cikkben bemutatom egy könnyen és kényelmesen használható kezelőfelület elkészítését, valamint a hozzá tartozó VBA programokat.
Önbizalom és visszajelzés
Authors: Nyéki Emőke
Published: April 2020

A XXI. század technikai és technológiai fejlődése új kihívások elé állítja a munkaerőpiac minden szereplőjét. A megváltozott igényeknek megfelelően a felsőoktatásnak olyan munkaerőpiaci kompetenciákat kell tudniuk fejleszteni, melyeket elvárnak a munkaadók, illetve amelyekkel értékesebbé és keresettebbé válnak végzős hallgatóik a hazai munkáltatók körében. Olyan készségekre van szüksége a XXI. századi munkavállalónak többek között, mint önállóság, felelősségvállalás, másokkal való eredményes együttműködés – melyek fejlesztéséhez és elsajátításához nem új tantárgyak kialakítása szükséges, hanem a tantárgyak tanítása során új módszertani elemeket kell tudni alkalmazni.A megváltozott elvárások és az új tanítás-módszertani elemek a hallgatók egészséges énképén és önértékelésén alapuló önbizalmát várják el, miközben a generációkutatók szerint az Y generáció önbizalma az, amelyet támogatni kell és érdemes. Kialakulhat-e egészséges önbizalom reális énkép nélkül? Mit tehet a felsőoktatás azért, hogy a hallgatók reálisan értékeljék meglévő képességeiket és tudatosan fejlesszék azokat a munkaerőpiaci elvárásoknak megfelelően?A felsőoktatásban részt vevő hallgatóik körében végzett felmérés azon eredményei, melyek a hallgatók önbizalmára vonatkoztak, a versenyszféra felsővezetőinek körében végzett felmérési eredményekkel kerültek összehasonlításra. Hasonlóságokat és különbözőségeket vizsgálva a kutatás a felmerülő kérdésekre keresi a választ, melyekkel a hallgatóknak, a munkaadóknak és a felsőoktatásban dolgozóknak egyaránt segítséget kíván nyújtani napjaink kihívásai közepette.
Eltérő vélemények az innovatív szervezeti kultúráról
Authors: Pirger Tamás , Keresztes Gábor , Paár Dávid
Published: April 2020

A tanulmány első felében ismertetjük az erős szervezeti kultúra legfontosabb jellemzőit és ezzel párhuzamosan bemutatjuk az erős, homogén szervezeti kultúra pozitív hatásait is. Primer kutatásunkban – kérdőíves felmérés alapján – pedig arra a kérdésre keressük a választ, hogy van-e eltérés az innovatív szervezeti kultúráról kialakított vélemények és elvárások között, ha a szervezetek tulajdonosainak nemzetiségét, a szervezetek méretét, a szervezeti hierarchiát, a válaszadók iskolai végzettségét, vagy a válaszadók nemét vesszük alapul.
A védjegyek szerepe, és fogyasztóI megítélése
Authors: Totth Gedeon , Kovács Ildikó , Mezőné Oravecz Titanilla Éva , Mucha László
Published: April 2020

A jóléti társadalmakban, így hazánkban is, korábban soha nem látott termékmennyiség, és termék választék próbálja kielégíteni a már létező, vagy még meg sem született fogyasztói igényeket. Azonban a kínálat bővülésével a fogyasztói döntéshozatal megnehezedik. A termékválaszték, valamint a csomagolásokon feltüntetett adatok olyan információ-dömpinggel látják el a fogyasztót, aminek feldolgozása nagyon nehezen lehetséges. A vásárlás során a fogyasztók számtalan döntési, funkcionális, pszichológiai, társadalmi, és egyéb kockázattal szembesülnek, melyek csökkentésére különböző stratégiákat alkalmaznak. Ilyen döntési kockázatcsökkentő eszköz a védjegyes termékek választása. A védjegyek szerepe az élelmiszerek esetében – ahol sok tömegtermék fellelhető – kiemelten fontos. Jelen tanulmányunk a hazai élelmiszerekre irányuló fogyasztói magatartás elemzésével foglalkozik. Kutatási célunk az általánosan elfogadott nemzetközi skálák (CETSCALE, 1-7 Likert-skála) alkalmazásával a hazai fogyasztói etnocentrizmus vizsgálata, valamint a védjegyek ‒ azon belül is elsősorban a Magyar Termék, Hazai Termék, Hazai Feldolgozású Termék tanúsító védjegyek ‒ ismertségének, és a hozzájuk kapcsolódó vásárlói attitűdnek a megismerése. Az 551 fő megkérdezésével elvégzett kutatásunk eredményei segítséget nyújthatnak a magyar élelmiszeripari vállalkozások számára a fogyasztói preferenciák megismerésében, a megfelelő védjegy-stratégia kialakításában, és ezáltal versenyképességük növelésében.
Az agroerdészet szerepe az erdőfelújításban és a növekvő faanyagigény kielégítésében
Authors: Kovács Klaudia , Vityi Andrea , Szalay Dóra
Published: April 2020

A faanyag iránti növekvő igény kielégítése miatt egyre nagyobb nyomás nehezedik az erdőgazdálkodásra. A fásított területekről származó dendromassza kihozatal mennyiségi és minőségi paramétereinek javításában az agroerdészeti gyakorlatok alkalmazásának is jelentős szerepe lehet a jövőben. Az erdei köztes termesztés hagyományos gyakorlat a Kárpát medencében. Hazai tapasztalatok és vizsgálati eredmények e gyakorlat pozitív hatását igazolják a talaj-mikroklímára, valamint a faegyedek növekedési paramétereire, mely jelentősen befolyásolhatja az erdőfelújítások sikerességét. Ugyanakkor a szabad terület hasznosításával egyéb célokat is szolgálva (takarmánytermesztés, ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások) a felújítás erőforráshatékonysággal és gazdasági hozadékkal is párosul.
A mezőgazdasági vadkár alakulása, jellemzői és az ellene való védekezés bemutatása Apátfalva és Magyarcsanád környékén
Authors: Lendvai Edina , Hízó Ildikó , Deák Dalma Mónika
Published: April 2020

Tanulmányunk célja felhívni a figyelmet a vadásztársaságok egyre fontosabb szerepére. A vadkár egyre erőteljesebben jelen van a mezőgazdaságban. Fontos, hogy ez ellen a vadgazdák és a gazdálkodók/termelők együttesen lépjenek fel. Ehhez szükséges ismerni a pontos fajt, ami ellen védekezni kell és a védekezési módszereket, melyeket akár közös találkozók alkalmával megoszthatnak egymással a gazdálkodók. Esetünkben az említett települések helyzetét nehezíti, hogy pont a határ mellett találhatóak. Ez esetben nagyon hasznosak lehetnek a házi praktikák, amiket a gazdák egymástól tanulhatnak meg. Az alapja mindennek az összefogás és egymás segítése.
Étrend-kiegészítők színének, ízének és formájának hatása fiatal vásárlókra
Authors: Rafael Bence
Published: April 2020

Az étrend-kiegészítők piaca jelentős szegmenst képvisel a patikák és más kereskedelmi egységek forgalmában. Kérdőíves felmérést végeztem fiatal vásárlók körében a színek, ízek, formák szerepének és jelentőségének megismerése céljából. Felállított hipotézisek alátámasztásával vagy elutasításával mutatom be vizsgálati eredményeimet és fogalmazom meg következtetéseimet, javaslataimat a vizsgálatom folytatásához, egy versenyképes termékcsoport kifejlesztése érdekében.
The Architectural Continuum
Authors: Miltiadis Constantinos
Published: April 2020

The notion of space, as the substrate of design, is often taken for granted in architecture and design related fields, as well as in videogames. Tracing its history from ancient Greek mathematics to today, this chapter intends to show that western design-space is far from an abstract entity or a given, but on the contrary, a shared cultural construct, deeply rooted in historical tradition. As such, it resides in past obsolete beliefs, reluctant to adopt or comply with current theories of physical space. Considering however the Renaissance establishment of drawing as a valid architectural medium besides building, can allow us to conceptualize a continuum of such architectural substrates. »Choropoietic media« as media of special modelling, do not only afford different spaces, but qualitatively different constitutions of space. As part of this lineage, videogame and virtual reality provide the means to design and explore media-specific spaces beyond the conventions of drawing and building as well as of physical reality and its laws, serving furthermore as vehicles to spectra of experience of an »expanded field« of architecture.
Augmented Play, Art, and Space
Authors: Jahrmann Margarete
Published: April 2020

In einer Reihe von künstlerischen Spielen wird das Konzept des immersiven Flusses, Game-Flow, durch Bewegung im Realen und Fiktiven, oft in so genannten Walking Simulatoren induziert. Gegenwärtig erwacht das Genre der Spielkunst im spezifischem Zusammenhang der Flow-Erfahrung in hybriden und Augmented Reality Games und Game Installationen, versetzt mit neurowissenschaftlichen Elementen der Psychophysik. Der virtuelle Raum wird zunehmend mit dem physisch erfahrenen realen Raum verstrickt. Dies bietet die Möglichkeit, aus den Bereichen Performancekunst, Inszenierung und Motivationsdesign zu lernen. Das zeigt die Kunst-Avantgarde im künstlerisch forschenden Game Design. Bei der Gestaltung und Verbindung von digitalem und realem Raum - bekannt als hybride Realitätsspiele - werden die Themen Körperlichkeit, Kognition überlagert. So kann ein neuer Spiel-Aktivismus identifiziert werden: ein Aktivismus, der sich auf Körpererfahrung, Kognition und Raumerfahrung konzentriert.
Changing Landscape of the Coal Mining Industry in the United States
Authors: Mastalerz Maria , Drobniak Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

Coal has long been a valuable natural resource in the United States throughout the country’s history.  European settlers began to use coal in the late 1740s and, as energy demands increased, coal production climbed from 9.3 million tons in 1850 to 750 million in 1918. Eventually coal replaced wood as the primary energy source, and by the 1940s coal provided up to 75 % of US energy.

Bituminous coal was the first target of US coal mining. This changed between 1843 and 1868 when more anthracite began to be mined. Used in iron smelting, this cleaner and smokeless alternative became the preferred fuel in cities. However, limited anthracite resources could not fulfill increasing demand. Production of sub-bituminous coal began to slowly rise, and in 2010 it was greater than bituminous coal production. Until the 1950s, coal was primarily mined using underground methods. By the 1970s, however, the development of cheaper surface mining proved a viable alternative for the US coal industry.

In the last 10 years, coal production in the United States has dropped 37 %, from about 1.1 billion to about 702 million tons in 2017, and the number of active coal mines has also declined. Coal consumption declined as a result of an increased supply of cheaper and cleaner natural gas, growth of renewable energy sources, and enforced environmental regulations. Coal provided close to 60 % of US electricity in the mid-1980s, but only about 30 % in 2017. While there were 606 coal-burning power plants in 2007, only 359 were operating in 2017, with the remainder closed because of aging infrastructure and stiffer environmental guidelines.

Coal mining is an industry in transition as new technologies and policies continually reshape the energy landscape. With increased competition from other sources of energy and a steady decline in the number of coal-fired power plants, the coal industry needs innovations to continue.
Sınırsız ve Bağımsız Kariyer Yönelimlerinin Kariyer Bağlılığına Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÇAKMAK OTLUOĞLU K. Övgü , BULUT Önder
Published: April 2020

Literatür incelendiğinde, sınırsız ve bağımsız
kariyer yönelimlerinde kariyer bağlılığının anahtar bir tutum olarak
kavramsallaştırıldığı görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı, sınırsız
ve bağımsız kariyer yönelimlerinin kariyer bağlılığı üzerindeki etkisini
incelemek olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri, özel sektörde faaliyet
gösteren şirketlerde çalışan 175 beyaz yakalı çalışandan toplanmıştır. Yapılan
hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre sınırsız kariyer yöneliminin alt
boyutlarından biri olan sınırsız düşünmenin, kariyer bağlılığını pozitif yönde
etkilediği saptanmıştır. Sınırsız kariyer yöneliminin bir diğer alt boyutu olan
örgütler arası hareketlilik tercihinin ise kariyer bağlılığı üzerindeki
etkisinin anlamlı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bağımsız kariyer yöneliminin alt
boyutlarından biri olan kendi kariyerini kendi yönlendirmenin kariyer
bağlılığını pozitif yönde etkilediği görülürken, bir diğer alt boyut olan değer
yönelimli kariyer yönetiminin ise kariyer bağlılığı üzerindeki etkisinin
anlamlı olmadığı saptanmıştır
Filtrasi Ampas Jahe Menggunakan Filter Press
Authors: Yulifianti Ade Lina , Eristi Bella , Puspita Mawar , Handayani Dwi
Published: April 2020

Ampas jahe hasil buangan proses industri jamu masih mengandung sari jahe. Pengolahan ulang dengan pelarutan dan penyaringan dengan plate and frame filter press dapat dilakukan untuk mengisolasinya. Penggunaan variabel konsentrasi umpan 0,2 kg/liter, 0,4 kg/liter, dan 0,6 kg/liter.  Menggunakan  tekanan tetap 2 kg/cm2 dan laju alir 5,66x10-11 m/s2, dihitung nilai tahanan spesifik ampas (α), tahanan ampas (Rc), tahanan medium filter (Rm) untuk mengetahui efesiensi kinerja alat filter press. Proses filtrasi dilakukan secara batch. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan  nilai α, Rc, dan Rm tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,6 kg/L yaitu α (4,98x106 m/kg), Rc (1,35x108 m-1), Rm (3,79x1011 m-1). Efektivitas produk yang dihasilkan diketahui melalui pengukuran konsentrasi sari jahe pada hasil filtrat. Pengujian konsentrasi menggunakan centrifuge dan analisa Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Hasil analisa centrifuge menyatakan bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi umpan, maka semakin besar pula konsentrasi produk. Konsentrasi sari jahe tertinggi yang didapat 6,67%, terdapat pada variable konsentrasi umpan 0,6 kg/liter. Begitu pula dengan uji TSS, konsentrasi umpan 0,6 kg/liter menghasilkan TSS terbesar yaitu 277 mg/l. Ginger pulp from the process of industrial herbs still contain ginger juice. Reprocessing ginger pulp with dissolving and filtering with plate and frame filter press can done to isolate it. Use feed variable concentration 0.2 kg/liter, 0.4 kg/liter, and 0.6 kg/liter.  Fixed pressure used is 2 kg/cm2 and flow rate use 5.66x10-11 m/s2, will calculated the specific prisoner value of the pulp (α), Prisoner of Pulp (Rc), Prisoner of medium filter (Rm) to know the efficiency of the performance of filter press. Filtration process is done in batches. The results of the calculation show the highest value of α, Rc, and Rm at concentrations 0.6 kg/liter are α (4.98x106 m/kg), Rc (1.35x108 M-1), Rm (3.79x1011 M-1). Effectiveness of the resulting products is known through measurements of ginger juice concentrations in filtrate results. Concentration testing using centrifuge and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) analysis. Result of centrifuge analysis states that the greater  concentration of feed, that the greater the concentration of product. The highest concentrations of ginger juice gained 6.67%, there is a variable concentration feed 0.6 kg/liter. Similarly, the test of TSS, the concentration feed 0.6 kg/liter resulted in the largest TSS 277 mg/l.
Plasmon-controlled, ultra-bright, excitation-polarization-independent photoluminescence from individual Ag nanoplates
Authors: Zhang Fanwei , Wu Jiepeng , Li Qiang , Hu Hongjin , Yang Lizhen , Li Tao , Wu Lijun
Published: April 2020

Fluorescent metallic nanoparticles with high quantum yield are highly desirable for optical imaging in the fields of biology and materials science. We investigate the photoluminescence (PL) properties of Ag nanoplates, particularly triangular ones, systematically at the single-particle level under different excitation conditions. We find that their emission is controlled by surface plasmon resonances (SPRs). Because of their high geometric symmetry, the shape and intensity of the PL spectrum from Ag triangular nanoplates are independent of the excitation polarization. Under excitation wavelengths of 473, 532 and 633 nm, the PL quantum yield (QY) of Ag triangular nanoplates is found to be twice that of Au nanorods at similar SPR wavelengths. It can be attributed to the stronger and broader SPR response, which can make the PL more intense not only in the spatial domain but also over a larger range in the frequency domain. Our investigations will extend the application of Ag nanoplates in imaging, labeling, and emitting, especially at the single-molecule level, due to their ultra-bright, stable, and polarization-independent PL. This method to enhance the PL signal, in both the spatial and frequency domains, can be easily expanded to other systems.
2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials for nonlinear optics
Authors: Han Xiao , Zheng Yongshen , Chai Siqian , Chen Songhua , Xu Jialiang
Published: April 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites feature characteristics of inherent quantum-well structures and intriguing optoelectronic properties, and have therefore attracted enormous research attention for their optical applications in light emitting, sensing, modulation, and telecommunication devices. The low-cost and solution-processed fabrications as well as alternative organic spacer cations endue 2D hybrid perovskites with higher tunability in optical and photonic applications. In particular, they demonstrate distinguished nonlinear optical characters such as second-harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon absorption (2PA), and saturable absorption (SA) under the excitation of laser pulses. Here, we discuss the construction of the various sorts of 2D hybrid perovskites with different structural features. We have also highlighted some representative properties and applications of these 2D hybrid perovskites in both linear and nonlinear optical regimes.