bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agustín y la educación. Perspectivas teóricas sobre la práctica educativa
Authors: van Neer Joost ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

Augustine worked as an educator for most of his life, initially –in the world– as a teacher, ultimately –in the Church– as a preacher. Although he wrote no systematic work on education, it is possible to deduce his views on the subject from what he says about it in a number of important works (De magistro, De doctrina christiana, and De catechizandis rudibus). He thinks education consists of the activity of an external teacher, a human, who enthusiastically points us in the direction of the activity of an interior teacher, God. To a large extent, Augustine bases this theory on careful observation and creative reasoning. One instance of this is provided in Confessiones, where Augustine, as bishop of Hippo, looks back on the years of his youth, and thus on his experience of learning and teaching. The current article not only investigates and clarifies how Augustine developed his views on education, and explains what these views were, but also shows how he applied them to his own work. Contrary to what has long been assumed, Augustine went about this in a methodical way, both in his written and in his spoken work. This is demonstrated on the basis of a book, intended to be read (De consensu euangelistarum 1), and of a sermon (Sermo 273), intended to be heard. His methodical approach, which is evident from a clear structure and a lucid argument, reveals the practical application of Augustine’s vision. As theory served as a model for practice, thus practice confirmed the theory.
San Agustín y el discernimiento espiritual en el libro V de las ‘Confesiones’
Authors: Weinberg Heinrich ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the Spiritual Discernment in St. Augustine, taking as point of departure Book V of the Confessions. Allusion to other works of St. Augustine are made, to discuss the main characteristics of the Spiritual Discernment according to St. Augustine.
La Trinidad, el alma del cristiano y la Iglesia en el ‘Sermo’ 71 de san Agustín
Authors: Chabi Kolawole ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article discusses, from a study of Sermon 71 and other important texts of St. Augustine, that the human soul is the image and temple of the Trinity. On the other hand, the article focuses on the place that the Bishop of Hippo attri­butes to the Trinity in the life of the Christian as an individual, and within the Ecclesial reality. The article also discusses that the unity of Persons within the Trinity, according to St. Augustine is a model for constructing the unity among the Beleivers as members of the Church. The article shows the relationship that according to St. Augustine, exists between the Christian and each of the Persons of the Trinity.
La herencia de san Agustín en la Iglesia y en la Teología
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article presents some guidelines to read St. Augustine’s Works, and also the transmission of his thought through the Ages, since it is still a source of Theological and Ecclesiologial Research. The article focuses on four aspects: The Intercultural Context we have now a days, the Intercultural Context of the Late Antiquity; the hints left by the same St. Augustine to read his Work, and the main Ideas that conform his legacy.
Fundamento Antropológico de la esperanza en san Agustín
Authors: Malgeri Graziano ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article presents, in its first part, a response to some scholars who criticize the eschatological conception of St. Augustine, as is the position of H. Arendt, M. Nussbaum, and G. Wehr who accuses St. Augustine of having neutralized the eschaton, to later present the purely theological character of the Augustinian concept of hope. It also describes the anthropological foundation of the actio-contemplatio, in which Augustine’s idea of hope has its roots.
San Agustín y la encíclica ‘Laudato Si’ ‘. Una presencia en la ausencia
Authors: Saavedra Mauricio , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article is an Augustinian commentary of the encyclical Laudato Si’ of Pope Francis, to stress those points in which the Pontiff’s thought could have been illuminated with the ideas of Saint Augustine. The article discusses some of the ecological clues that St. Augustine develops in his own Works, trying to demonstrate that the thought of Saint Augustine is present in the absence in Pope Francis’ Laudato Si’.
Breve reseña bibliográfica sobre san Agustín y la ecología
Authors: Saeteros Tamara , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article offers an overview of the main bibliography on the subject of Saint Augustine and Ecology. After an overview, the article focuses on the work of Scott Dunham, Trinity and Creation in Augustine. An Ecological Analysis (2008) and subsequently the collective work edited by John Doody, Kim Paffenroth and Mark Smillie, Augustine and the Environment (2015).
La passio Perpetuae et Felicitatis en los Sermones de Agustín
Authors: Malgeri Graziano ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article presents in the first part, a approach to the passio of Perpetua and Felicitas, making a synthesis of the main essays on it. In the second part, the article focuses on Augustine’s Sermones de Sanctis, particularly the sermons in which the Bishop of Hippo comments on the passio of Perpetua and Felicitas, namely ss. 280, 281, and 283 auct. (Erfurt 1). The article presents the discussion of the common elements which are in them. Subsequently, it is focused on the characteristics which are peculiar to each of these sermons. The passio of Perpetua and Felicitas is also analized within Augustine’s en. Ps. 47.
Desafiando la sutileza de los donatistas: los cánones litúrgicos de Agustín y Aurelio en el Concilio de Hipona
Authors: Merdinger Jane ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

My article investigates Catholic councils of the North African Church during the 390s, when it was struggling against its formidable rival, Donatism. I shall demonstrate that the delegates’ concern over the Donatist Church’s strength played a larger role in the formulation of canons during that decade than scholars have previously suspected. I shall argue that despite Augustine ‘s rudimentary grasp of Donatist theology ca. 391- 395, he recognized the significant threat posed by the dissident church and successfully maneuvered behind the scenes (together with Aurelius, primate of Carthage), crafting several canons that are not overtly anti-Donatist but in essence are directed against Donatist encroachment upon Catholic hearts and minds. My article will commence with a brief overview of the Council of 390, presided over by Genethlius, primate of Carthage. Historians have dismissed Genethlius as ineffective against the Donatists, but I shall argue that several canons enacted in 390 paved the way for Augustine’s and Aurelius’ reforms. I shall then examine canons from the Council of Hippo (393 CE), Augustine’s and Aurelíus’ inaugural conclave that ushered in their ambitious programme to rejuvenate the Catholic Church in Africa. Liturgical canons will receive special attention. I believe that they provide clues to heterodox behavior by Donatists during their celebration of the Lord’s Supper. Though the council fathers targeted Arianism as well in 393, Donatist practices spurred them lo promulgate canons forfending against questionable rites that might be adopted unwittingly by Catholic congregations.
Is Mob Lynching a Contemporary Social Problem in India?
Authors: Bhai Patel Avanish
Published: July 2021

The cases of mob lynching against the vulnerable groups are the matter of grave concern in contemporary Indian Society which is the worst form of crime against humanity. Today, people belong to vulnerable groups such as minorities and Dalits are seriously attacked and assaulted to death by mob of people of a particular community. These cases of mob lynching definitely affect the way of life and sense of well-being of minorities and Dalits to a large extent causing a fracture in their social and personal status in society which they have got as a human being. The objectives of the study are to understand the nature of mob lynching in the socio-cultural context of India and to examine the linkage between social media and mob lynching. The present study employs content analysis for the study of mob lynching. The data have been collected from lynching affected regions of the country through various news papers (Hindustan Times, The Hindu, The Indian Express and The Times of India etc., Delhi Edition) and monthly magazines (India Today and Economic Political Weekly etc.). The cases of mob lynching have been collected from March, 2013 to September, 2019. The study has found that the cases of lynching are committed against minorities and Dalits due to suspicion of beef consuming, cow slaughtering, skinning of dead cows child lifting, and theft. The study also indicates that most of cases of mob lynching are committed due to fake news, rumors and hate speeches which are circulated on social media platforms.
Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)
Authors: Menon Meena G , Shalini
Published: July 2021

Glaucoma, a chronic progressive optic neuropathy, is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness world-wide. The only treatable risk factor till date is lowering of intra-ocular pressure (IOP), thus, being the mainstay of treatment. Constant search for alternative surgical means for effective, sustainable reduction of IOP with higher safety profile, an abinterno approach causing minimal trauma to ocular tissues, faster recovery with minimum impact on quality of life has led to a new class of procedures named Minimally Invasive/ Micro-invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS). MIGS can act by bypassing any obstruction at the trabecular meshwork (iStent, Hydrus micro-stent, Trabectome, Kahook dual blade goniotomy), by enhancing aqueous outflow through Schlemm's canal (Ab interno Canaloplasty) or through the supra-choroidal space (iStent supra). They can also act through shunting aqueous outflow into the sub-conjunctival space (XEN gel implant) or by reducing aqueous production by ciliary body ablation (endo-cyclo-photocoagulation). The revolutionary MIGS comprising several different procedures and devices can be staggering for the glaucoma specialists. The aim of the present review is to provide an understanding of the currently available classes of MIGS encompassing the design, safety and efficacy profile to help the ophthalmologists to tailor the surgical approaches for greater individual care.
Ocular toxicity of Anti-Tubercular drugs
Authors: Aggarwal Ritika , Sethi Prabhpreet , Duvesh Ram Krishan , Sethi Harinder Singh , Naik Mayuresh , Rai Harminder K.
Published: July 2021

Tuberculosis is the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol (EMB) and isoniazid (INH) are synthetic first-line agents of the anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol, though well tolerated, is known to cause optic neuritis, more specifically retro bulbar neuritis causing decreased visual acuity, central scotomas, and loss of red-green color vision. Isoniazid can rarely cause retro bulbar optic neuritis. Streptomycin is known to cause pseudotumor cerebri. Thioacetazone can produce severe hypersensitivity cutaneous reactions including Steven Johnson Syndrome affecting the skin and mucosa including conjunctiva. Optic neuropathy has been reported as a side effect of long-term use of linezolid. This is particularly seen in cases of drug resistant tuberculosis where treatment with linezolid may continue for about 18-24 months Educating the patients for early detection of the ocular manifestations and regular follow-ups are very essential. The purpose of this review is to update the clinicians on the ocular side effects of anti tubercular drugs and the type of eyecare to be provided to the patients treated with these medications.
Management of Metallic Intraocular Foreign Body Retained at Different Levels in The Eye
Authors: Khan Balbir , Kaur Rajwinder , Kaur Kulbir , Matreja PS , Shallu Samria
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical presentation and outcome of management in metallic retained intraocular foreign bodies.

Material and methods:

60 patients with metallic retained intraocular foreign bodies were included in the interventional case series over a period of two years. The details of patients were retrospectively analyzed and all findings including mechanism of injury, best corrected visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment findings were recorded. The various preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative clinical factors were noted. The functional and anatomical outcomes were also evaluated after one year follow up.

Results:

All patients (100%) were males with a mean age of 26.5 years. The most common cause of ocular injury was chisel hammer or nail hammer related. Intra-operatively the foreign body was located on the retina in 74% patients and was intralenticular in 11.5% cases. The most common complication was endophthalmitis which was noted in 35% of patients followed by retinal detachment in 10% of patients. Favourable visual outcome was achieved in 90% (n-54) of patients and anatomical success was achieved in 92% (n-55) patients at one-year of follow-up. There was a significant [p<0.05] difference between pre-operative and post-operative visual acuity.

Conclusions:

Prophylactic intravitreal antibiotics and steroids are mainstay in preventing infection in penetrating injuries and helps in preserving useful vision. Better preoperative visual acuity, prophylactic buckle support and micro incision vitrectomy surgery were favourable factors related to better visual results in such cases.
Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes of Fungal Keratitis : A Tertiary Eye Care Centre Experience
Authors: Bhole Pradnya K , Parmar Dipali P , Goel Nikita P
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To study the epidemiological characteristics, microbiological diagnosis and treatment outcome of fungal keratitis in a tertiary eye care centre of Western India

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective non-comparative observational review of the medical and microbiological records was done for all the patients with laboratory proven fungal keratitis on 10% KOH wet mount. Data was compiled in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 spreadsheet and analysis was done using Med-Calc software. Chi square test was used for categorical data.

Results:

Between July 2016 to August 2018, 104/354 (29.3 %)corneal scrapings of microbial keratitis showed presence of fungal mycelia on 10% KOH wet mount. 72/104 patients were included in the study. Vegetative trauma (31/72 eyes, 43.06%) was the commonest risk factor. Aspergillus and Fusarium species were the major fungi isolated. 52/72 (72.2%) eyes healed with a scar, of which 21 (40.38%) healed with medical management alone, 29 (55.77%) needed additional tissue adhesive with bandage contact lens (BCL) and 2(3.85%) required intracameral Voriconazole. 334/52 eyes had a mean duration of presentation<=10 days (p<0.001) the need of keratoplasty (15/72) was seen in significantly larger number of patients presenting late (>10 days) (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

History of late presentation, large extent of keratitis and presence of thinning/perforation at presentation were associated with the need for keratoplasty. Considering the recalcitrant course of fungal keratitis, the severity and time of presentation is highly predictive of the disease treatment and outcome.
Seasonal Variation In Cataract Surgery: A Myth or Reality?
Authors: Mankad Shekhar , Mathew Bennet Chacko , Shah Dhaivat
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Mass cataract surgeries are organised throughout India all over the year to achieve the target set by Vision 2020 programme to eliminate blindness. The heavy workload during winters led to the observation that more cataract surgeries were performed during winter season. This causes problems with efficiency, quality and resource allocation. This study aims to analyse if seasonal variation exists and to determine the factors which can help in better planning for optimal utilisation of resources.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted on surgeries conducted during 2015-2019, dividing into summer, rainy and winter seasons. 100 patients each, from the winter season and summer season respectively, were asked to fill in a questionnaire to analyse the reason for selection of the particular season for cataract surgery.

Results:

Of the 64,205 cataract surgeries performed during the study period, 61.44% of surgeries were done in the winter season. While community based surgeries were mostly done in winter (63.51%), the trend among paid patients showed a shift towards equal distribution throughout the seasons. 41% of patients attending in the winter season believed that the surgery was safer during winter while 49% patients attending in the summer season underwent surgery because of diminished vision.

Conclusions:

Seasonal variation is a reality in cataract surgeries in India. Various contributing factors to seasonal variation involve hearsay beliefs of patients, cost of surgery and cultural beliefs. If these can be addressed then resource allocation and utilization can be improved.
Visual Outcome After Pediatric Cataract Surgery In A Tertiary Eye Care Hospital
Authors: Chidire Sathish Kumar , karanam Sairani , fatima Anees
Published: July 2021

Background:

Paediatric cataract though being an avoidable cause of blindness, if not intervened timely, presents an enormous problem in terms of human morbidity, economic loss and social burden.

Aims and objective:

The objective of this study was to observe the visual outcome after developmental cataract surgery.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective study was conducted in department of pediatric ophthalmology at sankara eye care hospital. The study was conducted for nine months period from february 2019 to september 2019. All the patients of developmental cataract up to age of 15 years were included in the study. The patients underwent either a) lens aspiration + PCIOL implantation b) lens aspiration + PPC+Anterior Vitrectomy+PCIOL implantation depending upon age of patient. Post surgery patients were examined on day 1, 1 week and 1 month period. Glass prescription was done at the end of 1 month post operative period.

Results:

A total of 50 eyes of 31 children were included in the study. The mean age was 7.83 ± 4.07 years. Male participants were 24 (77%) and 7 (23%) were female participants. post-operative BCVA of 6/6 - 6/18 was seen in 27 (54%) eyes, 6/60 < 6/18 was seen in 9 (18%) of eyes and < 6/60 in 1(2%) eye. In 13 (26%) of eyes, fixation and follow up of light was seen. There was a statistically significant improvement in post surgical BCVA (p value<0.001).

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates that good visual outcome following pediatric cataract surgery can be achieved by early diagnosis, timely intervention, skill of the surgeon and regular followup in the post-operative period. The tendency to develop posterior capsular opacification in the post-operative period is less likely to occur with lens aspiration +PPC+ Anterior Vitrectomy+PCIOL implantation when compared to lens aspiration+ PCIOL implantation.
Correlation of Impression Cytology and Tear Film Status with The Metabolic Control and Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Sharanyaa , Selvaraj Rajalakshmi , Vaithianathan Vanaja
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To determine whether changes in conjunctival epithelial morphology and the tear film dysfunction in type 2 Diabetes mellitus is related to its metabolic control or duration.

Materials and Methods:

A cross sectional clinical study which includes 200 patients of type 2 Diabetes mellitus. The patients demographic details, Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC)which was done using Ultipor Nylon filter paper, Tear film break up time(TBUT) and Schirmer's test I & II were evaluated.

Results:

The percentage of the study population with abnormal changes in conjunctival morphology was 44.4% in those with less than 10 years of duration and 73.9% in those with more than 10 years duration of diabetes mellitus. The association between HbA1C and CIC shows that 34.3% of good control and 66.7% of poor metabolic control had changes in conjunctival epithelial morphology, which is statistically significant. The prevalence of tear film instability was 79% among type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Tear film dysfunction in less than 10 years of diabetes were found as 75% and in 86.1% for more than 10 years. Nearly 70% patients of good metabolic control and 86.3% patients of poor control had tear film instability, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Changes in conjunctival morphology was correlating significantly with both increase in duration and poor metabolic control whereas Tear film instability was found to be more significantly associated in patients with poor metabolic control than with its duration.
Epidemiological Profile of Ocular Trauma in A Mid-Zonal Hospital of Armed Forces in North-East Region of India
Authors: Chauhan Ravi , Singh Abhinav , Mishra Sanjay , Baranwal VK
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

ocular trauma is an important cause of preventable ocular morbidity and blindness in addition to socioeconomic and psychological ramifications. The spectrum of ocular trauma ranges from minor injuries to very severe sight threatening injuries. Trauma is inevitable in war zone and routine army exercises. There are very few studies establishing relationship between occupation and ocular trauma in armed forces. This study was conducted to provide us with epidemiological data on ocular trauma cases in a mid-zonal hospital of armed forces in north-east region of India.

Aim:

to analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with ocular trauma among the soldiers of armed forces deployed in north eastern zone.

Materials and Methods:

a prospective study was carried on 210 eyes of 200 patients of ocular trauma, presenting to emergency department and outpatient department in a mid-zonal hospital located at Dimapur, Nagaland, during twenty four months period. All demographic data, mode of injury along with complete ophthalmic workup was recorded. Classification system of Birmingham eye trauma terminology system was followed and ocular trauma score was calculated.

Results:

The best corrected visual acuity at the time of presentation was 6/60 or better among 65%, worse than 6/60 were 25% and 10% were could not perceive light. In gender distribution male outnumbers females 69% and 31% respectively. Most of the cases were belonging to age groups of 30 years and younger 58%. In this study we found out that soldiers working in operations, training, sports and handling machineries (Outdoor) were more prone to trauma > 50% and soldiers of technical trade (Indoor) were least prone 5%. Among the children, school going population was more prone 16% and pre school was less prone being 8%. Adenexal injuries 35% were followed by contusions 25% and perforation being least 2%. Zone I 65% injuries out numbers the zone II and Zone III.

Conclusion:

our study shows that whenever zone III is involved, the prognosis always remains guarded. Trauma is inevitable in war scenario, and for those sustaining trauma, multisurgeon intervention is needed. Wearing protective polycarbonate eye wear will minimize work related and sports related injuries.
Visual Function in Professional Drivers In A Coastal Town of South India and Their Perceptions About Ocular Health
Authors: Hegde Vidya , Jain Rashmi , Shambu Rashmi , Bappal Anupama , Hegde Rajarathna
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Good visual function is essential for drivers during driving. Many ocular conditions affect visual function. There is a need for the drivers to undergo ocular evaluation and awareness about eye health would motivate them to do so.

Aim:

To assess vision acuity, field of vision, colour vision, contrast and depth perception of drivers and to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice about ocular health.

Materials and methods:

A cross sectional, descriptive study was done among drivers for duration of six months. (May to October 2016) After obtaining ethics committee approval & informed consent from participants, a detailed ocular evaluation was done. The drivers were given a validated semi-structured self-administered questionnaire that included demographic details and questions pertaining to awareness about ocular health. It was collected on same day. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis of data.

Results:

A total of 102 male drivers participated. The mean age of drivers was 36.19 years (SD ±14.50). Ocular findings observed included refractive errors (n=38), allergic conjunctivitis (n=23), pseudophakia (n=7), diabetic retinopathy (n=4), cataract, pterygium, strabismus and glaucomatous cupping (n=1 each). Vision impairment was seen in 19 drivers. Colour vision was normal in all. None of the drivers had undergone ocular examination at the time of issue or renewal of license or at the time of employment. Sixty drivers were aware that field of vision can be affected by eye diseases. Fifty seven drivers were not aware of about cataract and diabetic retinopathy affecting the vision.

Conclusion:

The study showed good visual function in drivers and they were less knowledgeable about cataract and diabetic retinopathy. They need to undergo periodic ocular evaluation.
Phthiriasis Palpebrarum Masquerading as Squamous Blepharitis
Authors: Chauhan Rajender Singh , Goel Apoorva , Rathi Ashok , Chugh Joginder Pal , Chhikara Chetan
Published: July 2021

Phthiriasis palpebrarum caused by the parasite Pthirus pubis, is an uncommon cause of blepharitis under unhygienic conditions in sexually active adults. It is often misdiagnosed as bacterial, viral, allergic conjunctivitis or seborrheic blepharo-conjunctivitis. A 35-years-old man presented with itching & irritation over eyelids. On examination, multiple translucent oval nits and lice adhering to the eyelashes were found. In this case report we want to emphasize on the rarity of this case and that commonly available petroleum jelly and 1% permethrin shampoo used together are simple, cheap, safe, and effective treatment to combat Phthiriasis palpebrarum. Also, patient education regarding hygiene is of paramount importance whenever phthiriasis is encountered.
A Case of Recurrent Vasculitic Vitreous Haemorrhage in One Eye and Idiopathic Choroidal Granulomas in The Fellow Eye of A Young Individual
Authors: Aggarwal Himanshi , Nishant Prateek , Sood Gitanjli , Ramawat Achala , Agrawal Ajai , Mittal Sanjeev Kumar , Samanta Ramanuj
Published: July 2021

A 26-year-old male presented with sudden diminution of vision in right eye (OD) for 15 days. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was finger counting 1-metre in OD and 6/6 in left eye (OS). Fundus examination revealed fresh vitreous haemorrhage (VH) in OD. Investigations including complete haemogram, VDRL, Mantoux test and Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography chest were normal. A presumptive diagnosis of Eales disease was made. Subsequently he also developed multiple small choroidal granulomas in OS. He was started on oral corticosteroid and treated with multiple episodes of scatter-laser and intravitreal bevacizumab in OD for recurrent VH. He ultimately required pars-plana vitrectomy in OD for persistent VH despite anti-VEGF and laser. Choroidal granulomas in OS disappeared after treatment with oral steroid. He maintained BCVA of 6/6 in both eyes after 6-months and was kept under close follow-up. Multimodal approach and combination modality of treatment may be required for optimal outcome in such cases.
Rare Presentation of Nodular Episcleritis with Tuberculosis in A 12 Year Old Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Porwal Amit , Jain Hardik , Garima
Published: July 2021

Nodular episcleritis when recurrent and bilateral, needs to be investigated. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis with scleral manifestations is rarely reported. Herein, we present a case of tubercular nodular episcleritis in a 12-year-old young girl with positive tuberculin gold test and strong mantoux positive, responded very well to anti tubercular treatment with topical steroid treatment and no relapse of symptoms noted at 1 year follow up.
Descemet's Membrane Detachment : An Evidence of Old Ocular Trauma
Authors: Valiyaveettil Babitha , Konnakkodan Sanaa Mohammed , Kumar Arun
Published: July 2021

A 60 year old female presented with defective vision both eyes and on examination was found to have a nebular corneal opacity in right eye which on evaluation was found to be a descemet's membrane detachment which developed post an episode of trauma to right eye she sustained 25 years back and which was forgotten till then. A diagnosis of old descemet membrane detachment was made. In view of the long duration before presentation and since the central visual axis was clear it was decided to manage the DMD conservatively without surgical intervention.
An Unusual Case of Penetrating Ocular Trauma Caused by an Eagle's Claw
Authors: Raiturcar Tanvi Poy , Shinkre Noopur Nayak , Usgaonkar Ugam P.S
Published: July 2021

We report the second case of penetrating ocular trauma caused by injury with an eagle's claw. The patient developed a full thickness corneal tear which was sutured. Patient had a good visual recovery.
Benign Intracranial Hypertension Caused by Topical Tretinoin: A Case Report
Authors: Chakraborti Chandana , Saha Ajoy Kumar
Published: July 2021

Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) or Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is a condition of unknown etiology or from an identified secondary cause. BIH has been described with retinoid, including Vitamin-A (retinol) and isotretinoin. We report a case of topical vitamin A (retinoidointment) induced BIH in a 22-year-old male with acne vulguris. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography were normal. The symptoms and signs of raised intracranial tension resolved after discontinuation of the ointment along with oral acetazolamide therapy. We want to report the case as the association of BIH and topical Vitamin A application has been rarely reported.
A Tale of Hypertensive Retinopathy with Choroidopathy and Neuropathy in A Young Patient: A Sign of End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Ramesh Shruthy Vaishali , Ramesh Prasanna Venkatesh , Rajasekaran Ramesh , Ramesh Meena Kumari , Ray Prajnya
Published: July 2021

A 35 year old male patient presented with defective vision in the left eye associated with severe headache for past one week. On evaluation, the best corrected visual acuity of right eye (OD) was 20/20 and left eye (OS) was 20/40. Fundus evaluation revealed features suggestive of hypertensive retinopathy, choroidopathy and neuropathy. His blood pressure was 210/140 mm of Hg. Furthermore, on referral to Nephrologist, the patient was diagnosed with renal hypertension and was started on dialysis. Ophthalmic evaluation helped in diagnosing this life-threatening systemic condition; and the possibility of choroidal lesions, though less recognised have important implications in end organ damage.
Keratomalacia following malnutrition in an infant
Authors: Madan Siddharth , Beri Sarita , Pal Himani
Published: July 2021

Keratomalacia is a potentially blinding disease that is irreversible in most cases. It is rare in infants under six months especially in the developing countries. Proper parental counseling and education about maternal health, management of malnutrition and prompt ophthalmic intervention in the target population determines the overall visual outcome.
Triple Impression Granuloma: A Rare Case of Conjunctival Shaping by Neglected Ocular Conformer
Authors: Agarwal Rinky , Dhiman Rebika , Sidhu Navneet , Kumar Rajaura Kartikay
Published: July 2021

Ocular conformers are small, acrylic-cup shaped devices that are placed inside anophthalmic sockets for 6-8 weeks following surgical removal of eyeball (evisceration or enucleation) till definitive ocular prosthesis can be fabricated for aesthetic pleasure. As these are temporary devices, it is rare to encounter any complications due to their presence. Conjunctival granulomas are fibrovascular proliferation as a result of chronic irritation to the conjunctival tissues. Impression granulomas are rarely reported in literature. Here, we report a case of triple impression granuloma of the conjunctiva that was encountered in a middle-aged male due to neglected conformer.
Anti-hyperglycemic and Anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Hydroethanol Leaf and Stem Extracts of Vitex doniana in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Atanu Francis O. , Jegede Raphael E. , Apeh Daniel O. , Suleiman Mohammed S.
Published: July 2021

Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of hydroethanolic leaf and stem extracts of Vitex doniana on alloxan induced diabetes in rats was evaluated. Thirty (30) male rats were assigned to five (5) groups of six (6) rats each as follows: Group I served as normal control rats and were fed with standard feed and water ad libitum, Group II was induced with diabetes by single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan [150 mg/kg body weight (BW)] to overnight fasted rats but received no treatment, Group III-V were induced with alloxan and treated with 5 mg/kg BW standard drug glibenclamide, 300 mg/kg BW leaf extract and 300 mg/kg BW stem extract of Vitex doniana respectively.  The results revealed that the leaf and stem extracts had anti-hyperglycemic activity similar to glibenclamide. Analysis of lipid profile showed that whereas alloxan induced increase in the concentration of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglycerides, hydroethanolic leaf and stem extracts caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the these biomarkers compared to the control. The outcome of this study portrayed that hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia caused by the alloxan can be mitigated by administration of extracts of Vitex doniana.
Bioactive Composition and Acute Oral Toxicity Studies on Persea Americana Seed Ethyl Acetate Fraction
Authors: Asiwe E. S. , Igwe C. U. , Iheanacho K. M. E. , Onyeocha I. O. , Onwuliri V. A.
Published: July 2021

Aims: Persea americana (P. americana) dubbed ‘green gold’ is a highly sought after fruit today, with insatiable export market. Different parts of avocadoes have been consumed both for nutritional and health benefits across regions of the world. Therefore, this study investigates the bioactive composition of P. americana seed ethyl acetate fraction and acute toxicological effects.

Place and duration of study: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; between May 2019 and October, 2019.

Methodology: Quantitative phytochemical composition was assessed using gas chromatography fitted with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and acute toxicity determined using standard method.

Results: Result of quantitative phytochemical composition of P. americana seed fraction shows a rich presence of phytochemicals such as epicatechin, kaempferol, proanthocyanin, rutin, resveratrol, ribalinidine, naringin, spartein, quinine, flavan-3-ol, anthocyanin, lunamarin, sapogenin, flavonones, flavones. The quantitative phytochemical composition of P. americana seed shows that among other phytochemicals, the seed is relatively rich in anthocyanin, quinine, epicatechin, tannin and proanthocyanin with concentrations of 69.39 ± 8.33 µg/g, 22.16 ±1.77 µg/g, 21.88 ± 2.53 µg/g, 19.86 ± 1.19 µg/g and 10.98 ± 0.55 µg/g respectively. The acute toxicity studies on the seed reveal that the ethyl acetate fraction of P. americana seed did not elicit any lethal signs of morbidity and mortality at doses up to 5000mg/Kgb.wt. and are therefore considered generally safe.

Conclusion: P. americana seed ethyl acetate fraction contains essential phytochemicals with useful phyto-medicinal and nutraceutical benefits. The implications of these findings are further discussed.
Study of Mortality and Morbidity in Neonates with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Elahi Zainab , Afje Seyyed Abolfazl , Kazemian Mohammad , Shariati Maryam , Taleghani Naeeme Taslimi , Fallahi Minoo
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia may either lead to death or cause several complications such as increased pulmonary artery pressure.

Objective: The present study aimed to compare mortality and morbidity, vasopressor intake, and visceral hernia of CDH neonates with pulmonary hypertension and without pulmonary hypertension in Mahdieh and Mofid hospitals in Tehran.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 56 neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia who were admitted to Mofid and Mahdieh Children's Hospitals from 2014 to 2018. The sample size included 56 people selected based on census method. We compared the pulmonary hypertension and non-pulmonary hypertension groups in variables, such as gender, gestational age, birth weight, place of birth, and type of delivery and we examined relationship between pulmonary hypertension and mortality and morbidity and relationship between mortality and vasopressor intake.

Results: The OR value was calculated to be 1.106, which is significant at the level of 0.004 (p < 0.01). This finding indicated that the chance of death in the group of infants with severe pulmonary hypertension was increased by 1.106. Also, the relationship of visceral hernia (stomach, intestine, liver, kidney, and spleen) to thorax was examined by logistic regression. Only the OR value of liver hernia (9.42) was significant (p < 0.001), indicating that the chance of death was higher in infants with liver hernias. It also the OR value of dopamine, dobutamine, and milrinone was significant (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: In general, the results obtained in our study indicated that the mortality rate in the group of infants with pulmonary hypertension was significantly higher than the group without pulmonary hypertension. Also, liver hernia to thorax was associated with the severity of pulmonary hypertension, and the patients needed medication had a higher chance of death.
Causes and Management of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer in Adolescents
Authors: Aladainan Bader Maiedh Mohsen , Alfataih Mahdi Turki Bin Ali , Aldundur Alhassan Ahmed Mohammed , Balhareth Rashed Saleh Mohammed , Ghazwani Eisa Yazeed
Published: July 2021

Many etiological hypotheses have been suggested to explain the development of peptic ulcers during the last 300 years (including gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer). In the last two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease, particularly with regard to the involvement of Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). This study will attempt to review literature on etiology and management of gastric and duodenal ulcers among adolescents.
Stress and Oral Hygiene Practices among South Kashmiri Residents during COVID-19 Pandemic - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ashraf Asifa , Menon Ipseeta , Gupta Ritu , Arora Vikram , Das Dipshikha , Ahsan Iram
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives: Covid-19 is highly contagious disease and has today become a major public health concern in the developing countries worldwide. This study attempted to assess the knowledge, attitude, anxiety experience, perceived mental healthcare, and oral health among adult Kashmiri population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire was developed using Google forms to avoid person-to-person contact. The structured questionnaire consisted of questions covering several areas: sociodemographic data, knowledge, awareness, attitude about the COVID-19 , the anxiety level, oral hygiene habits during confinement, care and disinfection control behaviours in the dental environment.

Results: Due to continuing conflict in Kashmir during the last 18 years there has been a phenomenal increase in psychiatric morbidity. The results reveal that the prevalence of depression was high 46.3% among Kashmiri residents who were anxious with the thought of  COVID-19 virus. In our study it was also found that 66.2% of the responders had a moderate level of knowledge about being getting quarantined and 97.7% of the participants had an adequate knowledge about its preventive aspects. The anxiety levels identified in the study were high i.e. more than 70% of the participants were preoccupied with the COVID-19 pandemic over the past months. Approximately, 42.6% of the participants have been angered and distressed due to being worried about the ongoing pandemic. Oral hygiene and last visit to the dentist were found highly significant in our study i.e. approximately  36.6% of the participants had visited a dentist among which 35.2% had visited only due to consultation advise.

Conclusion: Population of Kashmir had a better mean knowledge score regarding this virus but yet mental health is an integral part of overall health and quality of life. Substantial and sustainable improvements can be achieved only when a comprehensive strategy for mental health which incorporates both prevention and care elements is adopted. There is a need to intensify the awareness and address the mental health issues, and importance of oral hygiene of people during this COVID-19 pandemic.
In vitro Comparative Quality Evaluation of Different Brands of Marketed Paracetamol Tablets Available in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mahfuza , Akter Khurshida , Sarker Md. Shahin , Sharna Jinat Fatema , Wahed Mir Imam Ibne
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study was performed to evaluate the quality of five brands of Paracetamol 500mg tablets from different manufacturers.

Methods: The general quality parameters of these tablets like weight variation, hardness, thickness, diameter, friability, disintegration time and also dissolution time were evaluated according to the established protocols. For measuring weight variation, an electric analytical balance was used. The hardness, thickness and diameter were determined by an automated hardness tester. Friability was measured by a friabilator. Disintegration time and dissolution time were analyzed by disintegration apparatus and dissolution tester respectively.

Results: In this study, all the five brands of the tablets passed the BP or USP standards for in vitro evaluation tests with a very slight deviation. All brands complied with the standards for weight variation (550.1±5.88 mg to 631.1±4.71 mg), hardness (121.60±6.6 N to 220.20±7.6), disintegration time (3 minutes 15 seconds to 5 minutes 30 seconds). However, in case of friability, although brand A showed slight deviation, the remaining had shown the satisfactory results with the standard. In addition, the drug release rate of different brands of paracetamol was satisfactory within 30 minutes and ranged from 90.88% to 103.75%.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that almost all the tablets of paracetamol purchased from retail outlets in Bangladesh are manufactured and marketed according to GMP. Further work is recommended on bioequivalence of these tablets.
Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder Emphasising on Restorative and Compensatory Management: A Case Study
Authors: Waghale Vedantika , Guhe Akshata , Ambad Ranjit , Bankar Nandkishor
Published: July 2021

Adhesive capsulitis more commonly periarthritis of shoulder is a common condition characteristic by pain, stiffness and restricted range of motion leading to difficulty in household activities, overhead reach and complexity in daily activities. This condition affects around two million - mostly women between the ages of 40 and 60. Some experts say changing levels of hormones may be to blame for this connection between adhesive capsulitis and menopause. This is a case study of Mrs. R a 55-year-old female presenting complain of left-sided shoulder pain and restricted movement. These symptoms started gradually but over time they began to affect her general quality of life and morale. Pain increased, particularly at night leaving her extremely tired during the daytime and she started to experience problems especially when dressing. After conducting a thorough examination, which included assessment of active and passive range of movements (rom), x rays and diagnostic special tests we reached a diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis of left shoulder The conservative management remains the mainstay treatment of adhesive capsulitis

With using soft tissue mobilization treatment techniques in combination with a home exercise programmed with active assisted exercise. Here in this case study, we are emphasizing on the restorative and compensatory management decreasing the hours of OPD visits and promoting home program
Nanotechnology as an Effective Tool for Antimicrobial Applications: Current Research and Challenges
Authors: Srivastava Sunil Kumar , Srivastava Siddharth , Chauhan Nitin
Published: July 2021

The prevention and treatment of bacterial infections is a matter of great concern. The high use of antimicrobials/antibiotics for treating bacterial infections in recent years also poses a great risk of developing resistance in many bacterial species. It was also reported that biofilm formation by bacteria prevents the entry of antibiotics and also helps bacteria to develop resistance against any applied antibiotic, making the treatment more difficult. All the current approaches have shown inadequacy to overcome the challenges presented by pathogenic microbes. Therefore, adoption of a better method/strategy to face these challenges is the need of the hour. As per reports, nanotechnology has shown tremendous success in many fields. Moreover, in the last few years, the research highlighted the potential of nanotechnology as an effective tool for antimicrobial applications. Metallic nanoparticles and their oxides such as silver (AgNPs), zinc (ZnAgNPs), gold (AuNPs), iron (FeNPs), copper (CuNPs), titanium (TiNPs), zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), magnesium oxide (MgO), titanium dioxide (TiO2-NPs), copper oxides (CuO-NPs) and iron oxides (Fe2O3-NPs) are considered effective nano-materials against pathogenic microbes. It was observed that the higher surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles, the way they interact with bacterial membranes/cell wall and their various antimicrobial mechanisms surpass all the barriers and reach targeted sites, thereby making them potential candidate for antimicrobial applications. There is no doubt that nanotechnological strategies/interventions in healthcare sector will revolutionize the current treatment regime. The present review provides the understanding of variety of nanoparticles and their mechanisms for antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy, further their role to overcome antibiotic resistance is also highlighted in detail.