bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicategory damage detection and safety assessment of post‐earthquake reinforced concrete structures using deep learning
Authors: Zou Dujian , Zhang Ming , Bai Zhilin , Liu Tiejun , Zhou Ao , Wang Xi , Cui Wei , Zhang Shaodong
Published: January 2022

Earthquake damage investigation is critical to post‐earthquake structural recovery and reconstruction. In this study, a method of assessing the component failure mode and damage level was established based on object detection and recognition. A quantitative structural damage level assessment method was developed based on the type and extent of damage to the components. A You Only Look Once v4 (YOLOv4) network was used to detect multicategory damage (fine crack, wide crack, concrete spalling, exposed rebar and buckled rebar). Depthwise separable convolution was introduced into YOLOv4 to decrease the computation cost without reducing accuracy. Finally, the damage detection method and assessment method were integrated within a graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate the post‐earthquake reinforced concrete (RC) structural damage assessment. The test results by GUI indicate that the improved object network can get accurate detection results, and the preliminary safety assessment method can judge the damage level and failure mode. The present study shows high potential for estimating the seismic damage states of RC structures.
Timing is everything – obtaining accurate measures of plant uptake of amino acids
Authors: Svennerstam Henrik , Jämtgård Sandra
Published: January 2022

Plants are known to have the capacity to take up and utilise amino acids for growth. The significance of this uptake, however, remains elusive, partly due to methodological challenges and biological implications associated with acquiring and interpreting data.

This study compared bulk stable isotope analysis and compound‐specific liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, two established methods for determining amino acid uptake. Root amino acid uptake was assayed using U‐13C5‐15N2‐l‐glutamine and axenically grown Arabidopsis thaliana.

After 15–120 min of exposure, the content of intact glutamine measured in the roots was constant, whilst the 15N and 13C content increased over time, resulting in very different estimated uptake rates. The 13C : 15N ratio in roots declined with time, suggesting a loss of glutamine carbon of up to 15% within 120 min.

The results presented indicate that, regardless of method used, time is a crucial factor when determining plant amino acid uptake. Due to post‐uptake metabolism, compound‐specific methods should primarily be used in experiments with a time frame of minutes rather than hours or days. Post‐uptake metabolism in plants may account for significant loss of carbon, suggesting that it is not just pre‐uptake metabolism by microbes that accounts for the 15N–13C mismatch reported in ecological studies, but also post‐uptake metabolism in the plant.
The compensation effect between safety and efficiency in xylem and role in photosynthesis of gymnosperms
Authors: Wang Zhongyuan , Ding Xiaoran , Li Yan , Xie Jiangbo
Published: January 2022

The classical theory of safety–efficiency trade‐off is a common theme in plant sciences. Despite safety and efficiency partly compensating for each other physiologically (namely, there is a compensation effect, CE, among traits from the “whole” organism perspective), they are always mathematically described as a trade‐off against one another. However, the compensation effect has never been defined and quantified, let alone its role in the xylem water transport and subsequently photosynthesis. Here, we developed an alternative theory to define the CE as a positive relationship between safety and efficiency, and further define a new trade‐off index, SETO, that is expressed as CE multiplied by a trade‐off factor (differing from the classical average trade‐off value). Then, we tested SETO‐ and CE‐photosynthetic rate relationships across different levels based on a common garden experiment using nine conifers and published data for gymnosperms. The results demonstrated that the compensation effect in xylem functions was the dominant force in facilitating photosynthetic rates from species‐ to phylum‐scale. By integrating the compensation effect into the xylem hydraulic functional strategy, our study clearly indicated that the compensation effect is the evolutionary basis for the coordination of xylem hydraulic and photosynthesis physiology.
Modification of storage proteins in the barley grain increases endosperm zinc and iron under both normal and elevated atmospheric CO2
Authors: Gao Yajie , Persson Daniel P. , Vincze Eva , Schjoerring Jan K.
Published: January 2022

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to enhance the grain yield of C3 cereal plants, while at the same time reducing the concentrations of minerals and proteins. This will lead to a lower nutritional quality and increase global problems associated with micronutrient malnutrition. Among the barley grain storage proteins, the C‐hordein fraction has the lowest abundance of sulfur (S) containing amino acids and is poorest in binding of zinc (Zn). In the present study, C‐hordein‐suppressed barley lines with reduced C‐hordein content, obtained by use of antisense or RNAi technology, were investigated under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. Grains of the C‐hordein‐suppressed lines showed 50% increase in the concentrations of Zn and iron (Fe) in the core endosperm relative to the wild‐type under both ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2. Element distribution images obtained using laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry confirmed the enrichment of Fe and Zn in the core endosperm of the lines with modified storage protein composition. We conclude that modification of grain storage proteins may improve the nutritional value of cereal grain with respect to Zn and Fe under both normal and future conditions of elevated atmospheric CO2.
Cuticular lipids and associated gene expression analysis under NaCl stress in Thellungiella salsuginea
Authors: Zhang Pengyao , Zou Yanli , Song Buerbatu , Zhou Minqi , He Junqing , Chen Yuan , Zhou Yijun , Xu Xiaojing
Published: January 2022

Cuticular lipids, including wax and cutin, protect plants against external environmental stress. The relationship between the cuticle properties and salt tolerance is not clear. In this article, photosynthetic and physiological characteristics related to water use and cuticle permeability were assessed in the leaves of Thellungiella salsuginea under NaCl stress. The chemical composition of wax and cutin monomers, and the expression of cuticle‐associated genes were also analyzed. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in the leaves of T. salsuginea decreased, and the water use efficiency increased with increasing NaCl concentration. Salt stress caused a significant increase in total wax, but total cutin monomers only increased under high salt. Transcriptome sequencing and lipid metabolism pathway analysis were performed on rosette leaves of T. salsuginea after 24 h of NaCl treatment. We analyzed the expression of 42 genes involved in cuticle lipid metabolism, and found that most of them exhibited higher expression levels at 0.15 mol L−1 NaCl, but lower expression levels at 0.3 mol L−1 NaCl. The expression of 12 of these genes was further detected by qRT‐PCR after 1 week of NaCl treatment: most of them were upregulated both under low and high NaCl stress. Hence, we speculate that the cuticle acts as an adaptive trait in T. salsuginea in salty environments.
Short‐term lung function changes predict mortality in patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Macaluso Claudio , Boccabella Cristina , Kokosi Maria , Sivarasan Nishanth , Kouranos Vasilis , George Peter M. , Margaritopoulos George , Molyneaux Philip L. , Chua Felix , Maher Toby M. , Jenkins Gisli R. , Nicholson Andrew G. , Desai Sujal R. , Devaraj Anand , Wells Athol U. , Renzoni Elisabetta A. , Stock Carmel J. W.
Published: January 2022

Background and objective

A proportion of patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) follow a progressive disease course despite immunosuppressive treatment. Little is known about predictors of mortality in fHP. We aimed to investigate the impact of short‐term lung function changes in fHP on mortality.

Methods

Baseline demographics for 145 consecutive patients with a multi‐disciplinary team diagnosis of fHP, as well as baseline and 1‐year follow‐up of lung function, baseline echocardiographic findings, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity and all‐cause mortality were recorded. Changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥ 5% and ≥10%, and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) ≥ 10% and ≥15% at 1 year were calculated. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to test for associations with mortality.

Results

Baseline lung function severity, age, presence of honeycombing on computed tomography (CT) and echocardiographic pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) ≥ 40 mm Hg were associated with early mortality, while BAL lymphocytosis was associated with improved survival. A decline in FVC ≥ 5% (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.10, 95% CI: 2.00–4.81, p < 0.001), FVC ≥ 10% (HR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.94–4.99, p < 0.001), DLCO ≥ 10% (HR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.78–4.42, p < 0.001) and DLCO ≥ 15% (HR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.18–4.72, p < 0.001) at 1 year was associated with markedly reduced survival on univariable and multivariable analyses after correcting for demographic variables, disease severity, honeycombing on CT and treatment, as well as BAL lymphocytosis and PASP ≥ 40 mm Hg on echocardiography, in separate models.

Conclusion

Worsening in FVC and DLCO at 1 year, including a marginal decline in FVC ≥ 5% and DLCO ≥ 10%, is predictive of markedly reduced survival in fHP.
Bifurcation analysis of an extended Klausmeier–Gray–Scott model with infiltration delay
Authors: Li Jing , Sun Gui‐Quan , Guo Zun‐Guang
Published: January 2022

Given that the precipitation infiltrates into the soil at the cost of time, we establish an extended vegetation–water model with infiltration delay based on generalized Klausmeier–Gray–Scott model. Moreover, considering that the precipitation in a certain region is basically balanced, the vegetation mortality is selected as the key parameter. By dynamical theory analysis, the number of vegetation‐existence steady states varies from two to one, and then to none with the increase of vegetation mortality, but the bare‐soil state always exists. The infiltration delay of water and spatial factor have no effect on stable feature of the bare‐soil state, but it induces occurrence of the periodic oscillation pattern of nonspatial and spatial systems at the vegetation‐existence steady state compared with ODE system. Furthermore, the introduction of spatial factors makes the saddle node stable. The increase of relevant spatial factors can enlarge the bistable region, namely, coexistence of the vegetation‐existence and bare‐soil steady states, which increases the possibility of sustainable existence of the vegetation. The results obtained are helpful to understand significant influence of vegetation mortality on vegetation system, and then provide some theoretical basis for the study of interaction between the vegetation and water and evolution development of the vegetation system.
Rank correlation inferences for clustered data with small sample size
Authors: Hunsberger Sally , Long Lori , Reese Sarah E. , Hong Gloria H. , Myles Ian A. , Zerbe Christa S. , Chetchotisakd Pleonchan , Shih Joanna H.
Published: January 2022

This paper develops methods to test for associations between two variables with clustered data using a U‐Statistic approach with a second‐order approximation to the variance of the parameter estimate for the test statistic. The tests that are presented are for clustered versions of: Pearsons test, the Spearman rank correlation and Kendall's for continuous data or ordinal data and for alternative measures of Kendall's that allow for ties in the data. Shih and Fay use the U‐Statistic approach but only consider a first‐order approximation. The first‐order approximation has inflated significance level in scenarios with small sample sizes. We derive the test statistics using the second‐order approximations aiming to improve the type I error rates. The method applies to data where clusters have the same number of measurements for each variable or where one of the variables may be measured once per cluster while the other variable may be measured multiple times. We evaluate the performance of the test statistics through simulation with small sample sizes. The methods are all available in the R package cluscor.
The novel HLA‐DRB1*03:01:01:05 and ‐DPB1*04:02:01:21 alleles identified in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Williams Hawys B. , Turner Thomas R. , Cambridge Charlotte A. , Marsh Steven G. E. , Mayor Neema P.
Published: January 2022

Two novel HLA class II alleles were characterized, HLA‐DRB1*03:01:01:05 and HLA‐DPB1*04:02:01:21.
COVID‐19 and the impact on blood availability and transfusion practices in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Barnes Linda S. , Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Ipe Tina S. , Bloch Evan M. , Sibinga Cees Smit , Eichbaum Quentin G. ,   the AABB Global Transfusion Forum
Published: January 2022

Background/Case Studies

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic disrupted the global blood supply. Low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) already experienced blood supply deficits that preceded the pandemic. We sought to characterize the challenges experienced during the pandemic, and adaptations, such as COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP).

Study Design/Methods

A cross‐sectional survey explored blood availability, challenges, and adaptations. The survey contained 31 questions, e‐mailed in English, French, or Spanish, to selected LMIC blood transfusion practitioners. Data acquisition occurred between October 28 and December 28, 2020. A mixed methods analysis followed.

Results/Findings

A total of 31 responses from 111 invitations represented 26 LMIC countries. Languages included English (22, 71%), Spanish (7, 22.6%), and French (2, 6.4%). Most respondents (29/31, 93.5%) collected blood; 58% also transfused blood (18/31). The supply of blood came from hospital‐based blood donations (61%, 11/18); blood suppliers (17%, 3/18); and both sources (22%, 4/18). Collectively, 77.4% (24/31) of respondents experienced a decline in blood availability, ranging from 10% to 50%. Contributing factors included public fear of COVID‐19 (21/24); stay‐at‐home measures (18/24); logistics (14/24); and canceled blood drives (16/24). Adaptations included increased collaboration within and between institutions (17/27), donor eligibility changes (21/31); social media or phone promotion (22/39); and replacement donation (3/27). Fifteen of 31 responses reported CCP donation (48.4%); CCP transfusion occurred in 6 (19.4%). The primary barrier was engaging recovered patients for donation (7/15).

Conclusion

Our survey describes challenges experienced by LMIC blood systems during the COVID‐19 pandemic. While the decline in blood supplies was severe, adaptive measures included collaboration, outreach, and CCP programs.
Evaluation of platelet concentrates prepared from whole blood donations with collection times between 12 and 15 min: The BEST Collaborative study
Authors: de Korte Dirk , Bontekoe Ido J. , Fitzpatrick Áine , Marks Denese , Wood Ben , Gravemann Ute , Bohoněk Miloš , Kutner Jose M. ,   The Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion Collaborative
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives

In many countries, whole blood (WB) donations with collection times between 12 and 15 min are not allowed to be used for platelet concentrates (PC). Since the development of guidelines, many process‐related changes have been introduced. We aimed to determine the effect of WB with long collection times on PC quality.

Materials and Methods

Five participating centres tested buffy coat (BC)‐derived PC in platelet additive solution type E prepared from only WB collections lasting <12 min (control) versus similar PC including one BC from a collection lasting >12 min (study group, n = 8). One centre produced platelet‐rich plasma (PRP)‐derived PC from single donations (<10 or >12 min). All PC were stored at 22 ± 2°C and sampled on Days 1, 6 and 8 post‐collection for in vitro quality determination.

Results

Average collection time was significantly longer in the study group compared to controls (8.9 ± 2.6 vs. 7.3 ± 1.3 min, p < 0.001). There were no differences in volume, platelet concentration, basal CD62P expression, soluble‐CD62P and CCL5 levels, or nucleotide content between the groups. Stimulation with TRAP‐6 resulted in comparable levels of cell surface CD62P. On Day 8, all PC fulfilled requirements for pH. The findings from single PRP‐derived PC centre were similar.

Conclusion

PC with one BC and single PRP derived from collections lasting >12 min had equivalent in vitro quality to controls during storage. This study provides evidence that 12–15 min donations should not be excluded for PC preparation and justifies to readdress the guidelines to <15 min instead of <12 min of collection in line with current practice in some countries.
Measurement of renal cortical thickness using ultrasound in normal dogs: a reference range study considering bodyweight and body condition score
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Kim Sung‐Soo , Kwon Danbee , Cho Youngkwon , Lee Kichang , Yoon Hakyoung
Published: January 2022

The renal cortical thickness (RCT) reflects the pathological condition of the kidney, and measuring this parameter can help diagnose renal fibrosis in dogs. The normal reference range of RCT in dogs is broad (3–8 mm) because of the extreme diversity in body size. Therefore, this retrospective, reference interval, and observational design study aimed to establish a normal reference range for RCT in dogs measured using ultrasound by considering bodyweight (BW), body surface area (BSA), body condition score (BCS), and abdominal aorta (Ao) diameter. A total of 60 dogs met the inclusion criteria, and abdominal ultrasound images and medical records of these dogs were analyzed. RCT was measured at 1–3 points where the renal capsule and broad base of the medullary pyramid were clearly observed. Ao diameter was measured caudal to the branch of the left renal artery in the mid‐sagittal view. The RCT showed positive correlations with BW and BSA and a negative correlation with BCS, which can be described as follows: RCT (mm) = 0.131 × BW − 0.166 × BCS + 3.580. The RCT:Ao ratio was 0.70 ± 0.09 (mean ± standard deviation). No significant differences were found in the RCT:Ao ratio depending on BW or BCS. In conclusion, the RCT:Ao ratio and relative RCT considering both BW and BCS are potentially useful for evaluating the normality of the renal cortex on ultrasound examination in dogs with various physiques.
A Review of Curriculum Change and Innovation for Higher Education
Authors: Law Mei Yuan
Published: January 2022

The effective curriculum has become a critical component of higher education because of the shifts in the techno-socio-economic landscape and digital revolutions in industry 4.0. In this paper, a review of existing works related to curriculum change and innovation for higher education institutions provides insight into the topic. The paper is divided into several sections of the review. A general understanding and introduction of the context of Curriculum 4.0 in higher education are elaborated in this review. The relative theories that underpin curriculum change and innovation in educational institutions are presented. The paper also discusses and reviews the processes and procedures involved in managing curriculum change and innovation. The issues related to embracing and managing curriculum change and innovation are also highlighted and discussed in this paper.
Islamic Glass in the Making
Authors: Schibille Nadine
Published: January 2022

The ancient glass industry changed dramatically towards the end of the first millennium. The Roman glassmaking tradition of mineral soda glass was increasingly supplanted by the use of plant ash as the main fluxing agent at the turn of the ninth century CE. Defining primary production groups of plant ash glass has been a challenge due to the high variability of raw materials and the smaller scale of production. Islamic Glass in the Making advocates a large-scale archaeometric approach to the history of Islamic glassmaking to trace the developments in the production, trade and consumption of vitreous materials between the eighth and twelfth centuries and to separate the norm from the exception. It proposes compositional discriminants to distinguish regional production groups, and provides insights into the organisation of the glass industry and commerce during the early Islamic period. The interdisciplinary approach leads to a holistic understanding of the development of Islamic glass; assemblages from the early Islamic period in Mesopotamia, Central Asia, Egypt, Greater Syria and Iberia are evaluated, and placed in the larger geopolitical context. In doing so, this book fills a gap in the present literature and advances a large-scale approach to the history of Islamic glass.
Kurt Weill
Authors: Bergé Pieter
Published: January 2022

Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny is een van de weerspannigste opera’s van de 20ste eeuw. Het stuk haalt snoeihard uit naar de uitwassen van het kapitalisme, op een manier die ook vandaag nog pijn doet. Maar niet alleen de maatschappij wordt in dit parabelachtige stuk in vraag gesteld, ook de opera zelf. Hoe verdedigbaar was die kunstvorm eigenlijk nog in het tumult van de wilde jaren twintig, waarin Duitsland zo wanhopig probeerde een democratie op poten te zetten? Wat is de plaats van kunst in zo’n beladen en problematisch politiek experiment: genot verschaffen of toch eerder een geweten schoppen? En wat betekent dit uiteindelijk voor onze hedendaagse omgang met het genre? Opera, anti-opera, of beide – dat is de kwestie!
Urban Andes
Authors: Verbakel Ward
Published: January 2022

Climate change in the Andes is affecting the relation between urban development and the landscape. Design-led explorations are reframing landscape logics and urbanisation patterns within the Cachi River Basin of Ayacucho, Peru. A co-production of students, researchers and designers, the book suggests alternative futures, crossing scales of landscape systems to new settlement typologies. Urban Andes marks the start of the new series LAP on innovative design research in architecture, urbanism, and landscape. It is the result of a two-year collaboration (2018–2020), initiated by the CCA in cooperation with KU Leuven and various partners, including local organisations and the VLIR-UOS.
The Effect of Different Occupational Background Noises on Voice Recognition Accuracy
Authors: Li Song , Yerebakan Mustafa Ozkan , Luo Yue , Amaba Ben , Swope William , Hu Boyi
Published: January 2022

Voice recognition has become an integral part of our lives, commonly used in call centers and as part of virtual assistants. However, voice recognition is increasingly applied to more industrial uses. Each of these use cases has unique characteristics that may impact the effectiveness of voice recognition, which could impact industrial productivity, performance, or even safety. One of the most prominent among them is the unique background noises that are dominant in each industry. The existence of different machinery and different work layouts are primary contributors to this. Another important characteristic is the type of communication that is present in these settings. Daily communication often involves longer sentences uttered under relatively silent conditions, whereas communication in industrial settings is often short and conducted in loud conditions. In this study, we demonstrated the importance of taking these two elements into account by comparing the performances of two voice recognition algorithms under several background noise conditions: a regular Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based voice recognition algorithm to an Auto Speech Recognition (ASR)-based model with a denoising module. Our results indicate that there is a significant performance drop between the typical background noise use (white noise) and the rest of the background noises. Also, our custom ASR model with the denoising module outperformed the CNN-based model with an overall performance increase between 14–35% across all background noises. Both results give proof that specialized voice recognition algorithms need to be developed for these environments to reliably deploy them as control mechanisms.
Effects of Rotation on the Flow Structure in a Compressor Cascade
Authors: Ventosa-Molina Jordi , Koppe Björn , Lange Martin , Mailach Ronald , Fröhlich Jochen
Published: January 2022

In turbomachines, rotors and stators differ by the rotation of the former. Hence, half of each stage is directly influenced by rotation effects. The influence of rotation on the flow structure and its impact on the performance is studied through wall-resolving large Eddy simulations of a rotor with large relative tip gap size. The simulations are performed in a rotating frame with rotation accounted for through a Coriolis force term. In a first step, experimental results are used to provide validation. The main part of the study is the comparison of the results from two simulations, one representing the rotating configuration and one with the Coriolis force removed, without any other change. This setup allows a very clean assessment of the influence of rotation. The turbulence-resolving approach ensures that the turbulent flow features are well represented. The results show a significant impact of rotation on the secondary flow. In the tip region, the tip leakage vortex is enlarged and destabilized. Inside the tip gap, the flow is altered as well, with uniformization in the rotating case. At the blade midspan, no significant effects are observed on the suction side, while an earlier transition to turbulence is found on the pressure side. Near the hub, rotation effects are shown to reduce the corner separation significantly.
Jump Bifurcation Phenomenon During Varying Wind Speeds in Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Jose Alwin , Falzarano Jeffrey
Published: January 2022

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are susceptible to instability which has come to be called negative damping. Conventional land-based wind turbine controllers when used with FOWTs may cause large-amplitude platform pitch oscillations. Most controllers have since been improved to reduce motions due to this phenomenon. In this paper, the motions induced using one of the original controllers are studied. The current study is performed using the coupled time-domain program FAST-SIMDYN that was developed in Marine Dynamics Laboratory (MDL) at Texas A&M University. It can study large-amplitude motions of floating offshore wind turbines. FOWTs use various controller algorithms of operation based on the available wind speed depending on various power output objectives i.e., to either maximize or level out power absorption. It is observed that the transition region for controllers is often chaotic. So, most studies focus on operations away from the transition region below and above the transition wind speeds. Here, we study the transition region using the theoretical insight of nonlinear motion response of structures. This study reveals the presence of a very interesting and potentially hazardous nonlinear phenomenon, bifurcation. This finding could help explain the chaotic motion response that is observed in the transition region of controllers. Understanding the nature and cause of bifurcation could prove very useful for the future design of FOWT controllers.
Effects of Backpressure on the Performance of Internal Combustion Engine and Automobile Exhaust Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Quan Rui , Yue Yousheng , Huang Zikang , Chang Yufang , Deng Yadong
Published: January 2022

The maximum generated power of automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator (AETEG) can be enhanced by applying inserted fins to its heat exchanger, because the temperature difference of thermoelectric modules (TEMs) is increased. However, the added heat exchanger will result in undesired backpressure, which may deteriorate the performance of the internal combustion engine (ICE). To evaluate the backpressure on the performance of both the ICE and the AETEG, the model of ICE integrated with AETEG was established with the GT-power software and validated with the AETEG test bench. The heat exchangers with chaos shape and fishbone shape were proposed, their pressure drop with different engine speeds was studied, and their effects on the performance of both the AETEG and the ICE were analyzed. The results show that compared with the fishbone-shaped structure, the pressure drop of chaos-shaped heat exchanger is larger at the same engine speed, which contributes to the increased maximum power and hot side temperature of the AETEG. Moreover, compared with the ICE without heat exchanger, the brake torque, brake power, volumetric efficiency, pumping mean effective pressure, CO emission, and CO2 emission of the ICE assembled with chaos-shaped and fishbone-shaped heat exchanger reduce, and the corresponding brake-specific fuel consumption increase because of the raised backpressure caused by the heat exchanger.
Colonialidad de género y movilización de las mujeres indígenas amazónicas- Colombia.
Authors:   Universidad de Granada, Garcés Amaya Diana Paola
Published: January 2022

El análisis, situado sobre el contexto de la Amazonía colombiana pone en evidencia la complejización de jerarquías de poder que se manifiestan en violencias de orden estructural, directo y simbólico, de manera que los procesos sociales, políticos y económicos de larga duración que tuvieron lugar desde el proceso de colonización y la construcción del Estado-Nación hasta el desarrollo y recrudecimiento del conflicto armado y la implementación de un modelo de desarrollo extractivista. Transversal a ello se encuentra la intrusión ilegítima y el despojo de territorios ancestrales, la puesta en marcha de acciones y políticas etnocidas, así como la intervención o inoportuna acción del Estado. Todo ello ha puesto en riesgo la pervivencia física y cultural de los pueblos indígenas. Sin embargo, los procesos organizativos y las reflexiones propuestas desde las mujeres indígenas han visibilizado cómo estos cambios sociales y económicos imponen, además, regímenes de género que van en detrimento de su poder, sus saberes, su valor social y material que tendrían ellas con anterioridad, y las ubica en un lugar subalterno frente a sus compañeros y el resto de la sociedad. La comunicación propone una lectura sobre los procesos de resistencia liderados por mujeres indígenas, quienes han hecho visibles los daños diferenciales y desproporcionados del despojo de territorios ancestrales y del militarismo sobre sus cuerpos y sus vidas, al mismo tiempo que denuncian las estructuras patriarcales que se reproducen dentro de sus comunidades y procesos organizativos mixtos, como la triple discriminación de las que son objeto por parte del Estado.
Género y sexualidad en la biopolítica de la migración. Contribuciones teóricas sobre sus reconfiguraciones en contextos contemporáneos
Authors:   Universidad de Granada, Garcés Amaya Diana Paola
Published: January 2022

Las propuestas pioneras de Yuval-Davis (1993, 1997, 1999), sin duda, marcaron un punto de partida para entender cómo el género es un elemento estructurante de los procesos de invención nacional, de la emergencia de fronteras sociopolíticas y raciales y de la construcción de la “otredad”. Más recientemente, se identifican algunas propuestas teóricas que han evidenciado las formas en las que los poderes regulatorios de las migraciones poscoloniales imponen normas de inclusión/ exclusión sobre la base de estructuras simultáneamente racializadas, generizadas y sexualizadas (Lutz, 2014). Al menos en la última década, las aproximaciones se han ido diversificando y se han propuesto nuevos focos de análisis desde diferentes dispositivos del gobierno de la migración, por ejemplo, la re-construcción de los mitos nacionales incluyendo como valores fundantes la democracia y la equidad de género (Dahinden et altr, 2018). El control de cuerpos migrantes a través del miedo al “otro” racializado masculino (Ahmed, 2008). El gobierno de los afectos y lo íntimo (Puar, 2007, Giametta, 2017, Luibhéid 2008), así como el reforzamiento de la dicotomía Norte/ Sur y las formas renovadas de orientalismo y colonialidad del poder (Razack, 2009, Sabsay. 2013). Desde esta multiplicidad de perspectivas, esta comunicación busca realizar un balance sobre los análisis y la producción académica contemporánea alrededor de las imbricaciones del género, la sexualidad y la raza en los contextos migratorios, prestando atención a las conceptualizaciones y aproximaciones emergentes. Ello en vistas a debatir sobre los procesos que tienen lugar en "la fortaleza Europa".
Consecutive Days of Racing Does Not Affect Sleep in Professional Road Cyclists
Authors: Sargent Charli , Halson Shona L. , Martin David T. , Roach Gregory D.
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Professional road cycling races are physiologically demanding, involving successive days of racing over 1 to 3 weeks of competition. Anecdotal evidence indicates that cyclists’ sleep duration either increases or deteriorates during these competitions. However, sleep duration in professional cyclists during stage races has not been assessed. This study examined the amount/quality of sleep obtained by 14 professional cyclists competing in the Australian Tour Down Under. Methods: Sleep was assessed using wrist activity monitors and self-report sleep diaries on the night prior to start of the race and on each night during the race. The impact of each day of the race on sleep onset, sleep offset, time in bed, sleep duration, and wake duration was assessed using separate linear mixed effects models. Results: During the race, cyclists obtained an average of 6.8 (0.9) hours of sleep between 23:30 and 07:27 hours and spent 13.9% (4.7%) of time in bed awake. Minor differences in sleep onset (P = .023) and offset times (P ≤.001) were observed during the week of racing, but these did not affect the amount of sleep obtained by cyclists. Interestingly, the 3 best finishers in the general classification obtained more sleep than the 3 worst finishers (7.2 [0.3] vs 6.7 [0.3] h; P = .049). Conclusions: Contrary to anecdotal reports, the amount of sleep obtained by cyclists did not change over the course of the 1-week race and was just below the recommended target of 7 to 9 hours for adults.
Detection of Inactive Enzyme Molecules in Ageing Organisms
Authors: Gershon Harriet , Gershon David
Published: January 2022

Using immunochemical techniques, evidence is obtained that older nematodes (
Turbatrix aceti
) contain two populations of enzyme molecules--one active and the other totally inactive.

The synthesis and accumulation of non-functional protein molecules may play a significant part in senescence and the eventual death of organisms. In this communication we report the use of immunological techniques to look directly for the presence of catalytically altered or inactive enzyme molecules in ageing nematodes. The immunological approach is both specific and sensitive and allows for the expression of results in units of catalytic activity per unit of antigenic activity, thus allowing for the detection of partially or totally inactive enzyme molecules present in the form of cross reacting material. This approach has been successfully used in detecting cross reacting protein in bacterial and fungal mutants lacking specific enzyme activities arising from single amino-acid changes caused by point mutations.

Reproduced by permission.

Harriet Gershon, David Gershon, Detection of Inactive Enzyme Molecules in Ageing Organisms.
Nature
227
, 1214-1217 (1970).
A Test of Evolutionary Theories of Senescence
Authors: Rose Michael , Charlesworth Brian
Published: January 2022

Senescence is the post-maturation decline in survivorship and fecundity that accompanies advancing age. Two main evolutionary theories have been proposed to account for senescence. (1) The mutation-accumulation theory. Deleterious mutations exerting their effects only late in life would tend to accumulate, because of their minimal effects on fitness. More precisely, exclusively late-acting deleterious mutations will attain higher equilibrium frequencies under mutation-selection balance than will mutations that act early, resulting in lower mean values for fitness components late in life (ref.
3
, p. 218). Medawar emphasized the possibility that this effect would be enhanced by selection of modifiers that postpone the age of onset of genetic diseases. (2) The pleiotropy theory. Williams suggested that many of the genes with beneficial effects on early fitness components have pleiotropy deleterious effects on late fitness components, but are nevertheless favoured by natural selection. (These theories are based on the decline with age in the effect of age-specific fitness-component changes on total fitness (ref.
3
, pp. 206-214 and refs
4, 5
). Either or both of these theories could apply in any particular population.) Selection experiments in
Drosophila
and
Tribolium
support the pleiotropy theory, although one such experiment gave results that only bordered on significance, but the mutation-accumulation theory has never been tested. The present results provide evidence for the pleiotropy theory, but do not support the mutation-accumulation theory.

Reproduced by permission.

Michael Rose, Brian Charlesworth, A Test of Evolutionary Theories of Senescence.
Nature
287
, 141-142 (1980).
Effect of Dietary Restriction on Liver Protein Synthesis in Rats
Authors: Birchenall-Sparks Maria C. , Roberts Michael S. , Staeker Jeffrey , Hardwick James E. , Richardson Arlan
Published: January 2022

At 6 wk of age, male Fischer F344 rats were fed a purified, casein-based diet either ad libitum or in the amount of 60% of the diet consumed by the rats fed ad libitum (restricted diet). Hepatocytes were isolated from the rats between 2.5 and 19 mo of age. The protein content of the hepatocytes isolated from the rats fed the restricted amount of diet was significantly lower than that of hepatocytes isolated from rats fed ad libitum. The DNA and RNA content of the hepatocytes were similar for the rats fed the two dietary regimens. The absolute rate of protein synthesis for hepatocytes isolated from rats fed ad libitum decreased 55 % between 2.5 and 19 mo of age. However, the rate of protein synthesis by hepatocytes from rats fed the restricted amount of diet decreased only slightly with increasing age. At 19 mo of age, the rate of protein synthesis by hepatocytes from the rats fed the restricted amount of diet was significantly higher than the rate of protein synthesis for hepatocytes from rats fed ad libitum. Therefore, dietary restriction retards the age-related decline in liver protein synthesis.

Reproduced by permission.

Maria C. Birchenall-Sparks, Michael S. Roberts, Jeffrey Staeker, James E. Hardwick, Arlan Richardson, Effect of Dietary Restriction on Liver Protein Synthesis in Rats.
J. Nutr.
115
, 944-950 (1985).
A Mutation in the
age-1
Gene in
Caenorhabditis elegans
Lengthens Life and Reduces Hermaphrodite Fertility
Authors: Friedman David B. , Johnson Thomas E.
Published: January 2022

age-1(hx546)
is a recessive mutant allele in
Caenorhabditis
elegans
that results in an increase in mean life span averaging 40% and in maximal life span averaging 60% at 20°; at 25°
age-1
(
hx546
) averages a 65% increase in mean life span (25.3 days vs. 15.0 days) and a 110% increase in maximum life span (46.2 days vs. 22.0 days for wild-type hermaphrodites). Mutant males also show extended life spans.
age-1
(
hx546
) is associated with a 75% decrease in hermaphrodite self-fertility as compared to the

age-1
+

allele at 20°. Using two novel strategies for following the segregation of
age-1
, we present evidence that longer life results from a mutation in a single gene that increases the probability of survival at all chronological ages. The long-life and reduced-fertility phenotypes cosegregate and are tightly linked to
fer-15
, a locus on linkage group II.
age-1
(
hx546
) does not affect the timing of larval molts, the length of embryogenesis, food uptake, movement, or behavior in any way tested. Although
age-1
(
hx546
) lowers hermaphrodite self-fertility, it does not markedly affect the length of the reproductive period with all the increase in life expectancy due to an increase in the length of postreproductive life. In so far as we are aware, this mutant in
age-1
is the only instance of a well-characterized genetic locus in which the mutant form results in lengthened life. It is likely that the action of
age-1
in lengthening life results not from eliminating a programmed aging function but rather from reduced hermaphrodite self-fertility or from some other unknown metabolic or physiologic alteration. Reproduced by permission.

David B. Friedman, Thomas E. Johnson, A Mutation in the age-1 Gene in
Caenorhabditis elegans
Lengthens Life and Reduces Hermaphrodite Fertility.
Genetics
118
, 75-86 (1988).
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Identified Rhizobacteria Associated with Maize Rhizosphere
Authors: Notununu Iviwe , van Wyk Deidre Alima Bregene , Alayande Kazeem Adekunle , Roopnarain Ashira , Moleleki Lucy Novungayo , Adeleke Rasheed Adegbola
Published: January 2022

In this study, we sequenced the entire genomes of three identified rhizobacterial strains associated with maize plantation. Genome annotation of the sequenced data revealed several putative growth-promoting proteins associated with the production of indoleacetic acids and siderophore, the assimilation of nitrogen, and phosphorus solubilization.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas syringae RAYR-BL, a Strain Isolated from Natural Accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana Plants
Authors: Fuenzalida-Valdivia Isabel , Gangas Maria Victoria , Zavala Diego , Herrera-Vásquez Ariel , Roux Fabrice , Meneses Claudio , Blanco-Herrera Francisca
Published: January 2022

Here, we report the genome sequence of theP. syringaestrain RAYR-BL, isolated from natural accessions ofArabidopsisplants. The draft genome sequence consists of 5.85 Mbp assembled in 110 contigs. The study ofP. syringaeRAYR-BL is a valuable tool to investigate molecular features of plant-pathogen interaction under environmental conditions.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Entomortierella parvispora E1425, a Mucoromycotan Fungus Associated with
Burkholderiaceae
-Related Endosymbiotic Bacteria
Authors: Herlambang Afri , Guo Yong , Takashima Yusuke , Narisawa Kazuhiko , Ohta Hiroyuki , Nishizawa Tomoyasu
Published: January 2022

Some mucoromycotan fungi establish symbiotic associations with endohyphal bacteria. Here, the genome of
Entomortierella parvispora
E1425 (synonymously known as
Mortierella parvispora
E1425), which harbors a cultured
Burkholderiaceae
-related endobacterium (BRE) designated
Mycoavidus
sp. Strain B2-EB, was sequenced. We provide genomic information to elucidate fungal-BRE symbiotic features.
Supplemental Material: Initial uplift of the Qilian Shan, northern Tibet since ca. 25 Ma: Implications for regional tectonics and origin of eolian deposition in Asia
Authors: Lu Haijian , al. et
Published: January 2022

Supplemental dataset: Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the sandstone samples from the Lulehe and Hongshangou sections; Figure S1: SEM images of 129 grains from sandstone sample LLH-1 showing grain roundness characteristics; Figure S2: SEM images of 140 grains from sandstone sample LLH-2 showing grain roundness characteristics; Figure S3: SEM images of 123 grains from sandstone sample LLH-3 showing grain roundness characteristics; Figure S4: SEM images of 122 grains from sandstone sample HSG-7 showing grain roundness characteristics; Figure S5: SEM images of 123 grains from sandstone sample HSG-8 showing grain roundness characteristics; Figure S6: SEM images of 123 grains from sandstone sample HSG-9 showing grain roundness characteristics; Figure S7: SEM images of representative grains from the Lulehe and Hongshangou sections showing surface microtextures.
Pregnancy-related claustrophobia
Authors: Keane Nessa , Farrell Amy , Hallahan Brian
Published: January 2022

A 35-year-old primigravida presented with significant anxiety symptoms at 26 weeks’ gestation. Symptoms were preceded by a nightmare about her upcoming labour. She developed repetitive intrusive thoughts of being trapped emotionally and physically in her pregnancy. Her symptoms were suggestive of new-onset claustrophobia associated with pregnancy, which has not been previously reported on. Her symptoms ameliorated with a combination of cognitive–behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy (sertraline and low dose quetiapine). The later stages of pregnancy were associated with minimal symptoms and the resolution of her subjective ‘entrapment’. A subsequent pregnancy resulted in similar although less severe symptomatology. No postpartum anxiety symptoms were demonstrated on both occasions. Anxiety symptoms can adversely impact both the mother and fetus, and thus correct identification and management of pregnancy-related claustrophobia improved symptomatology and functioning and allowed for earlier detection and reduced symptomatology in a subsequent pregnancy.
Drug use-related right-sided infective endocarditis complicated by empyema and bronchopleural fistula
Authors: Shain Lindsey M , Ahmed Taha , Bodine Michele L , Bauman Jennifer G
Published: January 2022

Right-sided infective endocarditis is frequently accompanied by septic pulmonary emboli, which may result in a spectrum of respiratory complications. We present the case of a 25-year-old woman diagnosed with infective endocarditis secondary to intravenous drug use. During a long and arduous hospital course, the patient developed empyema with bronchopleural fistula, representing severe but uncommon sequelae that may arise from this disease process. She was treated with several weeks of antibiotics as well as surgical thorascopic decortication and parietal pleurectomy.
Myasthenia gravis associated with a pelvic follicular lymphoma
Authors: Willis Charlotte , Williamson Max , Constantinou Nicholas , Johns Emily
Published: January 2022

An 81-year-old woman presented with neck weakness, dysarthria, dysphasia and left-sided ptosis. Myasthenia gravis (MG) was strongly suspected. Voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC) antibodies, associated with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), were negative. Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody level was 536 nmol/L and diagnosis of MG was confirmed. Imaging revealed a pelvic mass and subsequent biopsy confirmed a pelvic follicular lymphoma. Our searches revealed this to be the first documented case of MG associated with a pelvic follicular lymphoma. She underwent radiotherapy to treat the lymphoma and received both pyridostigmine and immunosuppression to treat the MG. Her AChR antibody level decreased to 38 nmol/L and her MG symptoms resolved aside from head drop which is continuing to improve. Her lymphoma is now in remission. We have presented a case with a successful outcome, which highlights the importance of screening for lymphoma and thymoma in new presentations of MG.