bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid composition of the pollen lipids of Cycas revoluta Thunb
Authors: Sidorov R. A. , Kuznetsova E. I. , Pchelkin V. P. , Zhukov A. V. , Gorshkova E. N. , Tsydendambaev V. D.
Published: December 2016

The fatty acid (FA) composition of total extractable and non extractable with chloroform lipids of C. revoluta pollen was determined. Among other minor FAs, unusual Δ5 polymethylene-interrupted FA, Δ5, 11-octadecadienoic acid was found. This FA was found in the seed lipids of C. revoluta earlier, but it was discovered for the first time in pollen lipids.
Official quality controls and the fight against fraud in the olive oil sector in Catalonia. Results 2011–2014
Authors: Cugat G. , Biel M. R.
Published: December 2016

This article highlights the key aspects of the official control procedures concerning quality and in the fight against food fraud in the oil sector implemented in Catalonia by the Ministry for Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food of the Government of Catalonia and, more specifically, by the Subdirectorate General of Agri-food Inspection and Control. This summarized view focuses on issues related to the legality and competence framework for official controls, the goals and purpose thereof, the area’s object of investigation and technical scope, the stages of the food chain at which measures are carried out, the types of inspection and control actions and the main investigation techniques. It also presents the results of the inspections, with a summary of the types of irregularities detected in the olive oil sector over the 2011–2014 period.
Enzymatic preparation and characterization of soybean lecithin-based emulsifiers
Authors: Reddy Jala R. C. , Chen B. , Li H. , Zhang Y. , Cheong L-Z , Yang T. , Xu X.
Published: December 2016

Simple enzymatic methods were developed for the synthesis of lysolecithin, glycerolyzed lecithin and hydrolyzed lecithin. The products were characterized in terms of their acetone insoluble matter, hexane insoluble matter, moisture, phospholipid distribution and fatty acid composition. The HLB value ranges of different products with different acid values were detected. The efficiency of optimally hydrolyzed lecithin was examined at high calcium ion, low pH, and aqueous solutions and compared with commercially available standard lecithin-based emulsifiers. Overall, lysolecithin powder was proven to be the best emulsifier even at strong and medium acidic conditions.
L’évocation d’Internet dans l’espace du cabinet médical
Authors: Romijn François
Published: December 2016

Partant d’une approche pragmatique et microsociologique, j’interroge dans cet article la figure socialement valorisée d’un usager-patient dont les capacités auraient été renforcées par un usage d’Internet, en la mettant à l’épreuve de l’interaction avec le médecin. Une fois rapprochées, on constate que la scène des usages d’Internet en matière de santé et celle de la consultation médicale s’ordonnent selon des logiques d’engagement qui ne se coordonnent pas nécessairement. Je montre les façons dont l’usager-patient met en œuvre une série d’arts de faire pour évoquer les informations obtenues sur Internet, au travers notamment de l'exposition ou de la sous-communication de son inquiétude, de registres discursifs empreints d’ironies, de processus d’anticipation, de contournements, etc. Ceci interpelle dans une conjoncture contemporaine où l’individu se voit de plus en plus sommé de prendre en charge sa santé, d'exercer son autonomie et sa responsabilité. Le patient semble contraint, dans l'espace du cabinet médical, à évoluer de manière paradoxale. L’article aborde en filigrane la question des implications des usages d’Internet par le patient sur les transformations potentielles de la relation médecin-patient.
Tant qu’on a la santé… c’est pire !
Authors: Benoist Yann
Published: December 2016

Le sens commun avance généralement que la maladie grave est le pire des malheurs. Pourtant, dans des situations d’extrême pauvreté, il est parfois préférable d’être en mauvaise santé car la maladie permet d’obtenir de nouvelles prestations sociales. En temps ordinaire, les plus pauvres n’ont pas accès à l’effectivité de leurs droits car celle-ci est soumise à des normes qu’ils ne sont matériellement pas en mesure de respecter. Or, le statut de malade dispense du respect de ces normes et permet donc d’accéder aux droits. Mais ces nouveaux droits disparaissent à la sortie du statut de malade. Le contrôle social qui préside à l’accès aux droits peut donc pousser les plus démunis à négliger leur santé jusqu’à se mettre en danger de mort.
“‘War… What Is It Good For?’ Laughter and Ratings”: Sgt. Bilko, M*A*S*H and the Heyday of U.S. Military Sitcoms (1955-75)
Authors: Tredy Dennis
Published: December 2016

This article provides a detailed study of the origins and the development of the American military sitcom, a subgenre that began in the 1950s with The Phil Silvers Show, better known as Sgt. Bilko, peaked in the 1970s with M*A*S*H, and has been retired from the small screen ever since. The heyday of the ‘war comedy’, an oxymoron if there ever was one and a TV staple for the post-World War II generation, was made up of three distinct waves, each with a different tone or message in spite of their slapstick parallels and often similar narrative set-ups. The late 1950s set the standard with CBS’s ground-breaking Sgt. Bilko, which combined features of key wartime comedy films of the 1940s and 1950s with star Phil Silvers quick-witted, trickster persona to provide a sharp if hilarious anti-establishment message. Then came the 1960s and a slew of watered down Bilko lookalikes on other networks and some new models on CBS, all of which were surprisingly light-hearted and escapist, especially when one remembers that they were sandwiched between harrowing news reports on the horrors of the ongoing war in Vietnam. In the early 1970s, CBS would again rework the Bilko model when adapting M*A*S*H, already a popular novel and film, for television and thereby create the most powerful vehicle for anti-war sentiment and for dozens of other liberal causes ever to be aired on television. This article will thus pay particular attention to the first and the last series in this long parade of military sitcoms, focusing on their origins and their lasting influence, their tone and style, their use as a key weapon in the networks’ war for ratings, and their ability to deliver a strong anti-establishment message through the Trojan Horse of laughter.
« Rire et faire rire de la guerre : Kaamelott (M6, 2005-2010) ou la mise à distance du conflit »
Authors: Breton Justine
Published: December 2016

Comment représenter des guerres incessantes ainsi qu’un constant climat de violence dans un programme comique court dédié à un large public ? C’est le dilemme brillamment relevé par la série télévisée Kaamelott (M6­, 2005-2010), dans la lignée des grands succès comiques du cinéma français. Par le choix d’une logique et d’une esthétique du rire, Alexandre Astier, créateur de cette série française d’inspiration médiévale, développe un thème martial permanent, bien que sans cesse mis à distance. À travers l’histoire du roi Arthur et de ses chevaliers de la Table ronde, la série se fait parodie, dans une perspective burlesque qui remet en question à la fois l’importance martiale et la place accordées aux armées. Le pouvoir militaire arthurien est ici développé au prisme d’une prépondérance humoristique. Ainsi, si la guerre se situe au cœur de la série, c’est sans jamais apparaître à l’écran : par un certain nombre de détournements, principalement thématiques et linguistiques, le rire et la caricature se substituent au contexte de violence guerrière. Par conséquent, Kaamelott souligne le fait que créer le rire en mettant en scène la guerre implique nécessairement la mise à distance de tout conflit, ainsi que la désacralisation puis la dédramatisation d’une violence qui n’est dès lors que suggérée.
Guerre froide/ guerres froides : les représentations de l’opposition américano-soviétique dans Les Deux font la paire (Scarecrow and Mrs. King, CBS, 1983-1987), MacGyver (ABC, 1985-1992) et The Americans (FX, 2013-)
Authors: Richard Julie , Caron Georges
Published: December 2016

La guerre froide, terminée il y a un quart de siècle, semble retrouver une nouvelle jeunesse depuis que Russie et États-Unis se disputent autour des problèmes syrien et ukrainien. Des réflexes que l'on croyait oubliés réapparaissent, et une série, dont la troisième saison vient à peine d'être diffusée, The Americans (FX, 2013-), cherche à représenter le début des années 1980 de façon réaliste, en dépeignant un univers vraiment impitoyable : la lutte entre agents américains et soviétiques autour de Washington. Son analyse est jointe à celle de deux autres séries d'espionnage, plus légères, contemporaines des événements : Les Deux Font la Paire (Scarecrow and Mrs. King, CBS, 1983-1987) et MacGyver (ABC, 1985-1992). Ces trois séries se concentrent ainsi sur les années Reagan, ce qui nous permettra de pointer les différences entre elles. Les deux fictions des années 80 sont confrontées à la contrainte de la représentation de leur actualité, parfois inquiétante et polémique. La série la plus récente, quant à elle, traite de cette même réalité, sous la forme de la tragédie historique, avec une brutalité plus explicite. Ainsi, Scarecrow and Mrs. King reconstruit la guerre froide selon le modèle libéral, avec des références au monde de l'entreprise, déplaçant le discours idéologique dans le domaine économique. MacGyver utilise un discours patriotique plus classique, combiné cependant avec une position humaniste qui refuse de diaboliser l'adversaire. Enfin, la série The Americans réécrit les violences de la fin du conflit Est/Ouest en les liant aux problématiques politiques et sociales du tournant du XXIe siècle : à l'extérieur, les interventions américaines, dans un contexte où une mondialisation multipolaire remet en cause la domination de l'hyperpuissance ; alors qu'à l'intérieur, des éléments de la société évoluent : la famille, la société de consommation, et les rapports entre vie privée et vie professionnelle.
Le maquis d’Antoine dans Un Village français (France 3, 2009-2017) : un théâtre de la Résistance ?
Authors: Collard Clément , Grumberg Zoé
Published: December 2016

Prenant pour objet la constitution d’un maquis de jeunes hommes qui cherchent à échapper au STO, la cinquième saison d’Un Village français, diffusée en 2013 sur France 3, propose une réflexion sur la guerre et sa représentation. Les protagonistes, mus par l’insouciance d’une jeunesse alors relativement peu touchée par l’Occupation, sont ignorants des enjeux de la vie de l’ombre et semblent d’abord jouer à la guerre. La rencontre avec la Résistance et l’engagement – à l’origine de la scission du maquis – ne mettent pas fin à cette prééminence du « jeu » dans la vie quotidienne du maquis, même si celui-ci change de forme pour devenir théâtre dans le cadre d’une pièce mise en scène par un des réfractaires, étudiant au conservatoire. Celle-ci a une dimension performative et donne naissance à un grand défilé dans Villeneuve à l’occasion du 11 novembre 1943, inspiré par le défilé réel à Oyonnax (Ain) à la même date. A défaut de se battre, les maquisards existent à travers une symbolique patriotique. La saison 5 d’Un Village français nous propose donc une réflexion autour de la nature de la guerre et l’importance de sa représentation, entre jeu, théâtre et symbole.
Le fracas silencieux de la guerre dans The X-Files (1993-2002 ; 2016)
Authors: Gai Frédéric
Published: December 2016

Au milieu de la pléiade de sujets abordés par The X-Files, la guerre occupe une place particulière. Présente aussi bien dans les épisodes « fermés », qui font écho à la tradition du film de genre, que dans l’arc mythologique, elle présente de prime abord une distinction fondamentale entre le soldat, première victime des conflits, et l’armée, structure participant de l’occultation des exactions commises par les États-Unis depuis 1945. Auprès de l’ancien combattant, le téléspectateur pénètre dans l’irréel des guerres du Vietnam et d’Irak, ainsi que dans la violence sensible imposée par les décisions politiques successives. Pointant du doigt la responsabilité de l’armée américaine dans le cadre géopolitique contemporain, elle remet en doute les discours officiels pour mieux constater la position impérialiste américaine, qui entretient un état guerrier permanent pour servir des intérêts militaro-industriels. Si les « guerres majeures » ont pris fin, l’Amérique maintient la possibilité d’avoir des ennemis dans un cadre de mystification hérité des années de Guerre froide. De son côté, la série formule un discours dramatique sur les dérives humaines et sur la fin du monde, faisant quant à elle de l’arme fictive une manière d’alerte, pour mieux contrecarrer le traitement médiatique de la guerre et proposer une forme de critique renouvelée tout au long de plus de deux décennies de diffusion.
Temperature Control in an Annealing Furnace, Using the IMC Strategy
Authors: Mureşan Vlad , Abrudean Mihail , Clitan Iulia , Ungureşan Mihaela Ligia , Coloşi Tiberiu
Published: December 2016

In this paper, a solution for temperature control in a tunnel heat-treatment furnace, used in metallurgy, is presented. The mathematical model of the heating technological process associated to the furnace is expressed using a system of ordinary differential equations and it results through analytical modeling. Based on the determined mathematical model, a temperature control structure which uses the Internal Model Control strategy is proposed. In order to obtain the restrictive control performances imposed by the heat-treatment procedure, the proposed temperature control structure contains two controllers which are tuned using an iterative method and which are used alternatively for the temperature control. The simulations of the temperature control system are presented in a comparative manner, highlighting the main differences between the solution proposed in this paper and the cases of using a classical integer-order controller and a fractional-order controller.
Network of Unmanned Systems Cyber Attacks over National Economy Infrastructures
Authors: Moga Horatiu , Boscoianu Mircea , Ungureanu Delia , Sandu Florin , Boboc Răzvan
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to analyze the resource management of a Network of Unmanned Systems (NUMS - sensor network system), using a BDI (belief–desire–intention) agent algorithm in junction with Power Transitions Theory and Endogenous Economic Growth - AK model. The research covers sections of only advanced national economies, with a high-technology physical capital, depending on the cyber-economic planning, and focuses on future possible wars between the great world powers.
Optimization of the Number of Steel Billets that Need to Be Casted in a Charge Using Simplex Method
Authors: Sas Diana Monica , Clitan Iulia , Abrudean Mihail , Mureşan Vlad , Coloşi Tiberiu
Published: December 2016

During the metallurgical process, per each charge, the raw material is continuous casted in order to obtain billets. The main goal of this article is to optimize the number of casted billets per charge using Linear Programming’s algorithm called Simplex. The maximisation of the number of casted billets regard to available lengths and weights has been implemented in Matlab enviroment. Using Simplex Method, the maximum number of casted pieces per charge and the number of billets for each length were achieved in order to obtain good performances, and minimum liquid steel waste.
Optimization of Size Ranges of Technical Products
Authors: Malakov Ivo , Zaharinov Velizar
Published: December 2016

The paper presents a formulation of the problem for choosing an optimal size range of technical products and a mathematical model for solving of the said problem. Particular attention is paid to the ways for satisfying the types of demand for the size ranges’ elements. Two ways are proposed, and they are formalized as constraints in a mathematical model. Methods are proposed for solving the problem in accordance with the chosen way of satisfying the demand, and an algorithm is developed. The methods and the algorithm are approbated by solving a particular problem.
New Mechatronic System for Gait Rehabilitation - Functional Requirements
Authors: Seiciu Petre Lucian , Ciobanu Ileana , Mikołajczyk Tadeusz , Marin Andreea Georgiana , Berteanu Mihai
Published: December 2016

Given the large variability of pathological gait and the high specificity of gait phenotypes, it is very difficult to design a gait rehabilitation system able to adapt to the functional requirements of every person with ambulation disabilities, in every stage of the complex process of gait rehabilitation. Another approach is that of ambiental gait rehabilitation, with focus on adaptability, not on adaptation, on synthetical training, not on analytical training, on integrative training, not on step by step training. Our focus is not on controlling the movement itself, but on controlling the environment that shapes human functionality and assuring the appropriate level of support, resistance and persuasion, with consequent stimulation of the explorative behavior and the active involvement of the person in gait training. A mechatronic system designed for such a therapeutical approach has specific functional requirements.
Some Mandatory Benchmark Tests for Stability and Accuracy of High-Order Finite Difference Schemes
Authors: Dănăilă Sterian , Bogoi Alina , Isvoranu Dragoș
Published: December 2016

In Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) we have to deal with various types of phenomena with strong discontinuities at different length scales like turbulence or hypersonic flows. It is essential that the numerical techniques must provide accurate approximation to calculate the time and space-derivatives. This paper focuses on the behavior of the solution of some known numerical schemes in comparison with analytical solution provided here for the first time, applied on one-dimensional conservation law with different fluxes and non-usual different initial conditions. The results are very interesting in the sense that methods which report very good results on classical tests schemes were not able to accurately predict solutions that admit discontinuities and sharp gradients inside.
IMAQ Vision Builder Applications in SEM Image Processing of Pharmaceutical Powders
Authors: Stamate Monica Cretan , Munteanu Corneliu , Birsan Magdalena , Stamate Ciprian
Published: December 2016

IMAQ Vision includes a set of optimized functions for image processing (filtering and geometric transformations) and analysis of different areas of interest (perimeter, area, orientation, height, length and width). Also with this program, it may determine the edges of objects, distances and angles between the edges, an object can be searched based on its shape. Particle analysis provides the ability to count objects within the pharmaceutical or biological applications. Image calibration is done to give the user instead of the unit pixel measurements, in units such as millimeters, inches, microns. This paper aims to examine the pharmaceutical powder containing ketoprofen in order to determine the quality of the particles and if this are optimal for pharmaceutical applications. It aims to detect surface defects in the deposited layer such as cracks or clusters of particles that cause surface irregularity. IMAQ Vision by processing images, increase productivity, versatility and reproducibility also reducing manufacturing costs.
Effect of Different Dip-Coating Techniques on TiO2 Thin Film Properties
Authors: Malnieks Kaspars , Mezinskis Gundars , Pavlovska Ilona
Published: December 2016

TiO2 three-layer sol-gel films have been deposited on soda-lime silicate glass slides and dried in two different ways to study the effect of drying on thin film structure. The structural properties, surface topography and photocatalytic activity of the films were studied by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and by analysing photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange, respectively. The titanium oxide sol-gel layers on glass slides dried at 20 °C before the deposition of next layers after final calcination at 500 °C resulted in a nanorod array film with good photocatalytic activity.
Purification of Contaminated Water with Chromium (VI) Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Noureddine Nora , Benhammadi Samia , Kara Fouad , Aguedal Hakim , Iddou Abdelkader , Juhna Tālis
Published: December 2016

A bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from an uncontaminated soil has been used for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)). The experiments were carried out in batch system in a culture broth. The results obtained have shown that 100% of Cr (VI) are removed. Contact time, initial concentration of the hexavalent chromium, temperature, as well as the nature of the culture broth have influenced this elimination. To the initial concentration of 20g/L of Cr (VI) the elimination rates are lower, while the reverse occurs for an initial concentration of 8g/L.
This study allows considering the use of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the treatment of water polluted by toxic heavy metals such as Cr (VI).
Effects of Calcium and Alginate Concentration on the Calcium-Deficient Hydroxyapatite Hydrogel Bead Formation
Authors: Buss Armands , Locs Janis
Published: December 2016

The preparation of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHAp) beads via immobilization inCa-alginate hydrogel was studied in current research. CDHAp beads of different shapes were preparedby dropwise adding of aqueous CDHAp/Na-alginate suspension to an aqueous and ethanolic Ca(NO3)2solutions. The alginate cross-linking rate was modeled via gelling boundary migration experiment.Prepared beads were washed with deionized water and dried. The beads had lost up to 30% of thediameter comparing to the original after drying.
Encapsulation of Strontium Ranelate in Poly(Lactic Acid) Matrix
Authors: Smirnova Anastasija , Loca Dagnija , Stipniece Liga , Locs Janis , Pura Agnese
Published: December 2016

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized with reduced density and quality of bone. Novel treatment strategies have been developed with the aim to inhibit excessive bone resorption and to increase bone formation. Strontium ranelate (SrRan), a novel orally active agent consisting of two atoms of stable strontium and the organic moiety ranelic acid, has proven drug ability to increase not only the bone mass but also mechanical properties. Despite the advantages it has been shown that systemic administration of SrRan can cause such side effects as diarrhea, hypersensitivity and myocardial infarction. Microencapsulation of SrRan could overcome the possible side effects from the systemic drug use as well as to increase its efficiency by local delivery of drug right to the affected bone site. Thus in the current research an attempt was made to prepare and characterize poly (lactic acid)/srontium ranelate microcapsules and to evaluate the drug interaction with the polymer during the microparticle formation.
Complex XPS and Raman Study of Graphene on Copper and Si/SiO2 Subjected to Ar Ion Treatment
Authors: Larionova Tatiana , Koltsova Tatiana , Kozlova Mariya , Levitskii Vladimir , Eliseyev Ilya , Smirnov Alexander , Davydov Valery , Tolochko Oleg
Published: December 2016

Graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition on copper and the one transferred to Si/SiO2 substrate were subjected to Ar ion treatment. A combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used for characterization. According to XPS data sample on Si/SiO2 appears less susceptible to sputtering under bombardment. However, the defect concentrations introduced to the transferred graphene reach up the value two orders of magnitude higher than that in as grown graphene on Cu. We attribute this difference to the influence of the non-compensated charge formed on the insulating SiO2 layer under bombardment.
Controllable Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Carbon Layers on Copper Substrate
Authors: Kozlova Mariya , Larionova Tatiana , Koltsova Tatiana , Kopylova Daria , Tolochko Oleg
Published: December 2016

The paper studies the effect of technological parameters of the deposition process from the gas phase to the thickness of the carbon layers and their functional characteristics. Graphene and graphite layers have been synthesized by varying total pressure, methane partial pressure and temperature of synthesis. The synthesized films demonstrate an absorption in the range from 4.4% to 99.5% and electrical resistivity varying from 0.14 to 2 kΩ/sq. The obtained results make possible controllable synthesis of carbon films with specified characteristics for use as a photodetectors.
Evaluation of Mechanical and Structure Properties of Electron Beam Cross-Linked Ethylene-Octene Copolymer Nanocomposites with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Roja Zhenija , Reinholds Ingars , Zicans Janis , Merijs Meri Remo
Published: December 2016

Recently, ionizing radiation has found an application in nanotechnology especially attributed to the improvement of nanocomposites. In the present paper, we have developed and evaluated radiation cross-linked nanocomposites made of ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) with 0-15 wt.% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and irradiated by 5 MeV accelerated electrons. The influence of combined factors of MWCNT filler content and the irradiation up to 150 kGy on the tensile stress-strain properties at 25–50°C was analysed. The cross-linking efficiency was also evaluated. The results indicated improvement in tensile properties with an increase of MWCNT content and the irradiation up to 150 kGy dose. The combined influence of both factors was determined. The gel content of irradiated EOC/MWCNTs was equal to 45-86% that indicated sufficient cross-linking efficacy of EOC with MWCNTs acting as reinforcing fillers in the matrix.
Evaluation of Thermal Shock Influence on Cordierite Using Impulse Excitation Technique and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
Authors: Rundans Maris , Sperberga Ingunda
Published: December 2016

Mechanical fatigue due to repeated thermal shock cycling is of great importance for most materials intended for refractory applications. This work explores thermal shock resistance and cyclic thermal shock effects of cordierite ceramic made from clay-containing mixtures. Different means of detection of change in modulus of elasticity have been employed including impulse excitation and dynamic-mechanic tests (DMA). Results have shown that the elastic modulus of cordierite ceramic gradually decreases over thermal shock cycles, the sharpest change being observed after the first cycle. Unlike synthetic cordierite ceramic material, clay-substituted cordierite composites show "self-healing" effect, which can be explained by the gradual filling of cracks with glassy phase that leads to the strengthening of the whole structure of material. This effect is directly dependent upon the composition of the sample and the material with lesser amount of glassy phase can be characterized with the largest inertia of this effect.
Optimisation of Plasma Nitrocarburising for Reducing Wear in Dry Sliding Contacts
Authors: Velkavrh Igor , Ausserer Florian , Klien Stefan , Voyer Joel , Diem Alexander , Trausmuth Andreas , Rodríguez Ripoll Manel , Badisch Ewald , Kunze Wolfgang , Glück Johann , Lingenhöle Klaus
Published: December 2016

In this study, tool steel substrates were plasma-nitrocarburised at different processing parameters and afterwards tribologically tested under non-lubricated sliding conditions. It was observed that the micromechanical properties of the compound layer (thickness, hardness, roughness, surface topography) strongly affect the tribological behaviour of the nitrocarburised surface and can be tailored through the adjustment of the nitrocarburising parameters so that very favourable wear and friction behaviours can be achieved.
Electrochemical Behaviour of TiCN and TiAlN Gradient Coatings Prepared by Lateral Rotating Cathode Arc PVD Technology
Authors: Baronins Janis , Podgursky Vitali , Antonov Maksim , Bereznev Sergei , Hussainova Irina
Published: December 2016

TiCN and TiAlN gradient coatings were deposited on the AISI 316L stainless steel substrates by lateral rotating cathode arc (LARC) physical vapour deposition (PVD) technology. Corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviour was studied in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. The thickness of coatings was about 3 μm. For both coatings the corrosion potential shifted to more positive values as compared to the uncoated substrate. The corrosion current density decreased for TiCN and TiAlN coatings indicating up to 40 folds higher polarization resistance. The coefficient of friction value of TiCN coating is three times lower and durability is six times higher than that of TiAlN coating under the same tribocorrosion conditions.
Rheological Properties of Multi-Component Composites Based on Polymer-Polymer Matrix and Nanostructured Zinc Oxide
Authors: Bochkov Ivan , Merijs Meri Remo , Vugule Guna , Korsaka-Mille Kristiana , Zicans Janis
Published: December 2016

Polypropylene and it`s matrix composites have been used for decades. To make new materials for traditional and specific applications it has been blended with ethylene 1-octene copolymer to improve processing and impact resistance. To make material with non-common specific application nanostructured zinc oxide particles have been used to obtain material with good antiseptic properties, ultraviolet radiation stability, improved tribological and mechanical parameters. In the research polypropylene composites with ethylene 1-octene copolymer (0, 10 and 30 wt.%) and zinc oxide (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt.%) obtained by melt mixing have been investigated. Rheological properties have been obtained by using two-capillary rheometer. Obtained results show pseudoplastic nature of all the tested composites. Shear data show no significant effect of zinc oxide particle concentration on shear viscosity of the tested materials. On the other hand, extensional viscosity data demonstrate considerable melt flow sensibility of the investigated composition. Addition of ZnO and EOC, however, has some stabilizing effect on melt behavior of the investigated PP based compositions.
Tribological Properties of Zirconium Oxide, Spinel and Mullite Nanopowders as Lubricating Oil Additives
Authors: Leitans Armands , Palcevskis Eriks
Published: December 2016

In work investigated effects of zirconium oxide (ZrO2), spinel (MgAl2O4) and mullite (Al6Si2O13) nanosized powders on the base oil tribological properties. The nanosized (30-40nm) powders manufactured by plasma chemical synthesis method. Tribological experiments used on ball-on-disc type tribometer, measured coefficient of friction and determined metalic disc wear. Base oil used selectively purified mineral oil (conform SAE-20 viscosity) without any functional additives. Nanosized powders dispersed in base oil at 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; wt.%. At work cocluded, that the adition nanoparticles in base oil, possible reduced friction pair wear and friction coefficient. As the main results include spinel (MgAl2O4) nanoparticles 0.5 and 1.0 wt. % concentration ability reduced friction coeffiecient value.
Some Exploitation Properties of Wood Plastic Composites Based on Polypropylene and Plywood Production Waste
Authors: Kajaks Janis , Kalnins Karlis , Uzulis Sandris , Matvejs Juris
Published: December 2016

Three types of birch wood plywood by-products: plywood sanding dust (PSD), plywood sawdust (PSWD) and refined plywood scrap fibres (RPSF) and polypropylene composites exploitation properties (tensile, flexural modulus), microhardness water resistance and fluidity of composite melts, were evaluated. These investigations showed possibility of usage as excellent reinforcements for polypropylene presented by-products. For example tensile modulus increase up to 5 times, but flexural modulus till 2.3 times. Optimal content of PSD in polypropylene composites is 40 wt%, but in the cases of PSWD and RPSF 50 wt%.
NiO and CoOx Promoted Pt Catalysts for Glycerol Oxidation
Authors: Chornaja Svetlana , Sile Elina , Dubencovs Konstantins , Bariss Harijs , Zhizhkuna Svetlana , Serga Vera , Kampars Valdis
Published: December 2016

Two kinds of Pt/CeO2 catalysts supplemented with NiO or CoOx additives were synthesized by extractive-pyrolytic method and tested in glycerol oxidation processes. It was found that only NiO additive promotes Pt/CeO2 catalysts activity and selectivity to glyceric acid. NiO promoted Pt catalysts activity depends on NiO composites’ calcination temperature, oxygen partial pressure, initial NaOH concentration, as well as temperature. Glycerol conversion increases along with increased oxygen partial pressure from1 to 6 atm and along with decreased glycerol/Pt molar ratio from 5000 to 300. It was found that presence of base is significant in the glycerol oxidation processes over NiO promoted Pt/CeO2 catalysts, and optional NaOH initial concentration is 0.6 mol/L. The best yield of glyceric acid (68%) was reached in the presence of 4.8wt%Pt/5wt%NiO/CeO2 (300 °C) catalyst, when temperature was elevated up to 70 °C.
Chemical Properties and Reactivity of CFBC Fly Ash
Authors: Váchal Tomáš , Šulc Rostislav , Janků Tereza , Svoboda Pavel
Published: December 2016

This paper describes chemical properties of fly ash from Circulating fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC). There are shown thermal properties of fly ash using calorimetric measurement and the total content of calcium oxide CaO was determined. This paper describes the methods of measurement for determining these properties including granulometric measurement and chemical analysis. Also there were described and evaluated properties of fly ash and the reactivity of the fly ash was compared.
Probabilistic Modelling of Strength of Concretes with RCA
Authors: Jaskulski Roman , Stępień Anna , Sobocińska Marlena
Published: December 2016

The subject of the work is research and probabilistic modelling of compressive and tensile strength of concrete with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Sixteen series of concrete containing natural aggregate and RCA of 50% by mass of coarse aggregate (fraction 4 – 16 mm). Concrete specimens were tested for compressive and tensile splitting strength. In the study also the absorptivity of recycled and natural aggregate was tested, which is the amount of water that both types of aggregates can absorb during concrete mix. Based on the results models were formulated describing the compressive and tensile strength of concrete with RCA. These models are based on the design parameters of the concrete mix. In order to determine the coefficients of the models an estimating of a function of several variables by linear regression was performed. Compliance of the values ​​calculated using the models with the values ​​obtained from the tests was determined by Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicated a possibility of obtaining a high compliance of the test results with results obtained from simulations based on formulated models.
Laser-Ultrasonic Testing of the Structure and Properties of Concrete and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Kravcov Alexander N. , Svoboda Pavel , Konvalinka Adam , Cherepetskaya Elena B. , Karabutov Alexsander A. , Morozov Dmitry V. , Shibaev Ivan A.
Published: December 2016

This paper discusses the possibility of studying composite materials by non-destructive laser-ultrasonic testing technique. Concrete samples and carbon-epoxy composites were examined, defects located and elastic wave velocities measured. The internal structure of the samples was visualized in 2D images.
Lightweight Concrete with Different Content of PP Fibers Exposed to High Temperature
Authors: Rydval Milan , Kolisko Jiří , Simunek Ivo
Published: December 2016

Mechanical resistance of building materials exposed to high temperatures, e.g. fire loading or explosion damage, is one of parameters that determine the safety of structures. The residual strengths determine load-bearing capacity of construction after exposure of extreme temperatures. Mechanical properties of materials exposed to high temperature (400°C and more) are primarily tested and determined at ambient temperature testing mode. It means, that the sample is exposed to high temperature loading and after cooling to the nature temperature T0 = 20°C are tested in common used testing machines. These residual strengths are a valuable foundation for an assessment of the structure exposed to a temperature load. The paper presents the test results of mechanical properties at hot state compared to the test results at ambient temperature for four type of lightweight concretes exposed to several temperature levels Tmax = 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C and Tmax = 1 000°C.
Gypsum Mortars with Different Types of Aggregates: Design and Properties
Authors: Doleželová Magdaléna , Krejsová Jitka , Vimmrová Alena
Published: December 2016

The influence of different types of fine aggregates on behavior and properties of gypsum mortars was investigated. The design procedure and results of some basic physical tests are described. The composition of mixtures was designed in order to minimalize all other impacts than type of aggregate. Four types of fine aggregates of different origin, with different shape and surface of particles were used. The presence of fine aggregate in gypsum increases the bulk density and reduces setting time. Crushed stone with angular rough particles worsen workability and reduce setting time more significantly than aggregates with round and smooth particles.
Performance of Dosage of Ceramic Chopped Fibers in Aluminous Cement-Based Composites after Exposure to High Temperatures
Authors: Jogl Marcel
Published: December 2016

The results of an experimental investigation of the influence of chopped alumina-silica bulk fibers on residual mechanical properties of lightweight cement-based composites for high temperature application are obtained. The matrix of studied specimens is based on aluminous cement, because of its sufficient temperature resistance over 1000 °C. Thermal ceramic bulk fiber offer a maximum temperature range of between 1200° to 1500 °C. They also provide excellent chemical stability and resistance to chemical attack. If wet by oil or water, thermal and physical properties will be fully restored after drying. The benefits of using ceramic bulk fibers were evaluated by the results of physical and mechanical testing; compressive strength, flexural strength and bulk density were determined on the different levels of temperature loading. The prismatic specimens, having dimensions of 40×40×160 mm3, are cured 28 days in humid environment and after that time dried and subjected to temperatures of 600 °C and 1000 °C for 3 hours. The experimental composites differed in doses of fibers, which are 0.0 %, 0.5 % and 2.0 % by volume.
Resistance of Surface Layers of Concrete against Aggressive Environment
Authors: Pernicová Radka , Dobiáš Daniel
Published: December 2016

The article deals with the corrosive effects of acids on the selected surface layers of concrete with/ without an epoxy coating. Concrete sample was placed in extreme environments, which represented the 40% sulphuric acid solution. In addition to measuring surface degradation of concrete, this work focused on the depth of acid penetration into the sample. It can be concluded that the long-term effects of aggressive environments severely degrades the concrete surface on the samples causing corrosion of Type II.
Assessment of Concrete Quality of Load-Bearing Structure of the Bridge across Otava River No. 121-006 near Zvikov after Fifty Years of Operation in Severe Environmental Conditions
Authors: Rehacek Stanislav , Citek David , Kolisko Jiří , Huňka Petr
Published: December 2016

This paper is introducing results of diagnostic survey of bridge no. 121-006 across Otava river near Zvikov [1], focusing on assessment of quality of concrete mix used for load-bearing structure of the bridge after more than 50 years of operation and assessment of reconstruction works (monolithic assembly of central joints of main fields) executed in 1994 [2]. Visual inspection of monolithic assembly joints, comparison of depth of concrete carbonation and thickness of top layer of reinforcement concrete and concrete compression strength are presented in this paper.
Measuring Family Satisfaction With Care Delivered in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Clark Kathleen , Milner Kerry A. , Beck Marlene , Mason Virginia
Published: December 2016

Background

In our competitive health care environment, measuring the experience of family members of patients in the intensive care unit to ensure that health care providers are meeting families’ needs is critical. Surveys from Press Ganey and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services are unable to capture families’ satisfaction with care in this setting.

Objective

To implement a sustainable measure for family satisfaction in a 12-bed medical and surgical intensive care unit. To assess the feasibility of the selected tool for measuring family satisfaction and to make recommendations that are based on the results.

Method

A descriptive survey design using the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit 24-item questionnaire to measure satisfaction with care and decision-making.

Results

Forty family members completed the survey. Overall, the mean score for families’ satisfaction with care was 72.24% (SD, 14.87%) and the mean score for families’ satisfaction with decision-making was 72.03% (SD, 16.61%). Families reported that nurses put them at ease and provided understandable explanations. Collaboration, inclusion of families in clinical discussions, and timely information regarding changes in the patient’s condition were the most common points brought up in free-text responses from family members. Written communication, including directions and expectations, would have improved the families’ experience.

Conclusion

Although patients’ family members reported being satisfied with their experience in the intensive care unit, there is room for improvement. Effective communication among the health care team, patients’ families, and patients will be targeted for quality improvement initiatives.
Strategies for Acute and Critical Care Nurses Implementing Complementary Therapies Requested by Patients and Their Families
Authors: Kramlich Debra
Published: December 2016

As consumer use of complementary and alternative medicine or modalities continues to increase in the United States, requests for these therapies in the acute and critical care setting will probably continue to expand in scope and frequency. Incorporation of complementary therapies in the plan of care is consistent with principles of patient- and family-centered care and collaborative decision-making and may provide a measure of relief for the distress of admission to an acute or critical care setting. An earlier article provided an overview of complementary and alternative therapies that nurses may encounter in their practices, with specific attention to implications for acute and critical care nurses. This article provides key information on the legal, ethical, safety, quality, and financial challenges that acute and critical care nurses should consider when implementing patient and family requests for complementary therapies.
Research and Development towards Durable Advanced Concrete Structures
Authors: Fosså Kjell Tore , Østlund Hilde Benedikte
Published: December 2016

The immense challenges related to the physical environment in the Arctic, calls for research within several areas. This paper discusses recent research taken on by Kvaerner, together with cooperation partners within the industry as well as universities and research institutions, to further improve the robustness and durability of concrete substructures used for offshore arctic applications.

Some of the challenges addressed in the research are;

Ice abrasion. Drifting ice in large concentrations and at large speed may abrade the exposed part of the structures if appropriate measures are not taken. Criteria and test methods are areas that are not properly addressed in any standards. Test methods need to correspond to actual exposure condition.

Freeze-thaw resistance: Freezing and thawing cycles during the operational lifetime impacts the strength and the durability of a structure. Criteria and reliable test methods for structures exposed for extreme temperatures are not properly addressed in common test methods.

A recently started research program at the Norwegian Technical University NTNU (2015) focus on these challenges to further improve acceptance criteria and test methods in order to obtain the planned service life for offshore platforms in the Arctic.

The paper outlines the planned research for the coming years and how this can improve criteria and test methods to ensure that the design solutions selected for the sub-arctic platforms are able to resist the designs loads in these harsh environment.

Early results from ongoing research programs are presented that show that improved understanding of the impact of the ice conditions and the resulting load on the concrete structure can enable a more reliable design and a more predictable service life.

Representative acceptance criteria and test methods as part of the material qualification process are needed to ensure a reliable design. Improved understanding of the impact of ice in combination with low temperatures and temperature cycles may have a significant cost saving potential, and will ensure that the planned service life is met.
Seasonal Effects on Body Composition, Muscle Characteristics, and Performance of Collegiate Swimmers and Divers
Authors: Roelofs Erica J. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E. , Trexler Eric T. , Hirsch Katie R.
Published: December 2016

Context: Previous researchers have indicated the importance of body composition and muscle quality in athletic performance. However, body composition and muscle-quality measures in swimmers and divers over a training season have yet to be evaluated.

Objective: To identify changes in body composition and muscle characteristics over a competitive season and identify relationships between these variables and performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I swimmers and divers.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: A total of 17 collegiate swimmers and divers (age = 18.6 ± 0.7 years, height = 175.8 ± 4.0 cm, body mass = 69.7 ± 7.0 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s): At preseason and postseason, body composition in each participant was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Echo intensity and muscle cross-sectional area were determined from an ultrasound panoramic scan of the vastus lateralis muscle. Race times were obtained from the university athletic Web site.

Results: Lean mass (P = .016), arm lean mass (P = .008), and muscle cross-sectional area (P = .03) were higher at postseason, whereas body fat percentage (P = .041) and echo intensity (P = .0007) were lower at postseason. Performance improved from preseason to postseason in all event groups (sprinters, distance swimmers, and divers; P < .05).

Conclusions: Body composition and muscle characteristics improved through 1 training season, which may have implications for performance. Quantifying body composition and muscle characteristics may be beneficial for professionals who work with athletes in order to improve performance and prevent injury.