bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are we measuring loneliness in the same way in men and women in the general population and in the older population? Two studies of measurement equivalence
Authors: Pollet Thomas V. , Thompson Alexandra , Malcolm Connor , McCarty Kristofor , Saxton Tamsin K. , Roberts Sam G. B.
Published: December 2022

Background

High levels of loneliness are associated with negative health outcomes and there are several different types of interventions targeted at reducing feelings of loneliness. It is therefore important to accurately measure loneliness. A key unresolved debate in the conceptualisation and measurement of loneliness is whether it has a unidimensional or multidimensional structure. The aim of this study was to examine the dimensional structure of the widely used UCLA Loneliness Scale and establish whether this factorial structure is equivalent in men and women.

Methods and sample

Two online UK-based samples were recruited using Prolific. The participants in Study 1 were 492 adults, selected to be nationally representative by age and gender, whilst the participants in Study 2 were 290 older adults aged over 64. In both studies, participants completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) as part of a larger project.

Results

In both studies, the best fitting model was one with three factors corresponding to ‘Isolation,’ ‘Relational Connectedness,’ and ‘Collective Connectedness.’ A unidimensional single factor model was a substantially worse fit in both studies. In both studies, there were no meaningful differences between men and women in any of the three factors, suggesting measurement invariance across genders.

Conclusion

These results are consistent with previous research in supporting a multidimensional, three factor structure to the UCLA scale, rather than a unidimensional structure. Further, the measurement invariance across genders suggests that the UCLA scale can be used to compare levels of loneliness across men and women. Overall the results suggest that loneliness has different facets and thus future research should consider treating the UCLA loneliness scale as a multidimensional scale, or using other scales which are designed to measure the different aspects of loneliness.
The ethical and legal landscape of brain data governance
Authors: Ochang Paschal , Stahl Bernd Carsten , Eke Damian
Published: December 2022

Neuroscience research is producing big brain data which informs both advancements in neuroscience research and drives the development of advanced datasets to provide advanced medical solutions. These brain data are produced under different jurisdictions in different formats and are governed under different regulations. The governance of data has become essential and critical resulting in the development of various governance structures to ensure that the quality, availability, findability, accessibility, usability, and utility of data is maintained. Furthermore, data governance is influenced by various ethical and legal principles. However, it is still not clear what ethical and legal principles should be used as a standard or baseline when managing brain data due to varying practices and evolving concepts. Therefore, this study asks what ethical and legal principles shape the current brain data governance landscape? A systematic scoping review and thematic analysis of articles focused on biomedical, neuro and brain data governance was carried out to identify the ethical and legal principles which shape the current brain data governance landscape. The results revealed that there is currently a large variation of how the principles are presented and discussions around the terms are very multidimensional. Some of the principles are still at their infancy and are barely visible. A range of principles emerged during the thematic analysis providing a potential list of principles which can provide a more comprehensive framework for brain data governance and a conceptual expansion of neuroethics.
Association between eating behavior and the immediate neural activity caused by viewing food images presented in and out of awareness: A magnetoencephalography study
Authors: Ishida Rika , Ishii Akira , Matsuo Takashi , Minami Takayuki , Yoshikawa Takahiro
Published: December 2022

Obesity is a serious health problem in modern society. Considering the fact that the outcomes of treatments targeting appetitive behavior are suboptimal, one potential reason proposed for these poor outcomes is that appetitive behavior is driven more by unconscious decision-making processes than by the conscious ones targeted by traditional behavioral treatments. In this study, we aimed to investigate both the conscious and unconscious decision-making processes related to eating behavior, and to examine whether an interaction related to eating behavior exists between conscious and unconscious neural processes. The study was conducted on healthy male volunteers who viewed pictures of food and non-food items presented both above and below the awareness threshold. The oscillatory brain activity affected by viewing the pictures was assessed by magnetoencephalography. A visual backward masking procedure was used to present the pictures out of awareness. Neural activity corresponding to the interactions between sessions (i.e., food or non-food) and conditions (i.e., visible or invisible) was observed in left Brodmann’s areas 45 and 47 in the high-gamma (60–200 Hz) frequency range. The interactions were associated with eating behavior indices such as emotional eating and cognitive restraint, suggesting that conscious and unconscious neural processes are differently involved in eating behavior. These findings provide valuable clues for devising methods to assess conscious and unconscious appetite regulation in individuals with normal or abnormal eating behavior.
The effect of volume equated 1- versus 2-day formats of Nordic hamstring exercise training on fitness in youth soccer players: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Moran Jason , Vali Norodin , Drury Ben , Hammami Raouf , Tallent Jamie , Chaabene Helmi , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This randomised controlled trial examined the effect of an 8-week volume-equated programme of Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training, executed at frequencies of 1- or 2-days per week, on fitness (10 m and 40 m sprint, ‘505’ change of direction [COD] and standing long jump [SLJ]) in male youth soccer players (mean age: 16.4 ± 0.81 years).

Method

Players were divided into an experimental group (n = 16) which was further subdivided into 1-day (n = 8) and 2-day (n = 8) per week training groups and a control group (n = 8).

Results

There were significant group-by-time interactions for 10-m sprint (p<0.001, η2 = 0.120, d = 2.05 [0.57 to 3.53]), 40-m sprint (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.041, d = 1.09 [-0.23 to 2.4]) and COD (p = 0.002, η2 = 0.063, d = 1.25 [-0.09 to 2.59). The experimental group demonstrated a ‘very large’ effect size (d = 3.02 [1.5 to 4.54]) in 10-m sprint, and ‘large’ effect sizes in 40-m sprint (d = 1.94 [0.98 to 2.90]) and COD (d = 1.84 [0.85 to 2.83). The control group showed no significant changes. There were no significant differences between the 1-day and 2-day training groups. In three of the four tests (40 m, COD, SLJ) the 2-day group demonstrated larger effect sizes. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were significantly lower in the 2-day group (p<0.001, 3.46 [1.83 to 5.04).

Conclusion

The NHE increases fitness in youth soccer players and there may be advantages to spreading training over two days instead of one.
Chaining and the temporal dynamics of scientists’ publishing behaviour
Authors: Liu Emmy , Xu Yang
Published: December 2022

Scientific progress, or scientific change, has been an important topic in the philosophy and history of science. Previous work has developed quantitative approaches to characterize the progression of science in different fields, but how individual scientists make progress through their careers is not well understood at a comprehensive scale. We characterize the regularity in the temporal dynamics of scientists’ publishing behavior with computational algorithms that predict the historical emerging order of publications from individual scientists. We discover that scientists publish in ways following the processes of chaining that mirror those observed in historical word meaning extension, whereby novel ideas emerge by connecting to existing ideas that are proximal in semantic space. We report findings for predominant exemplar-based chaining that reconstructs the emerging order in the publications of 1,164 award-winning and random-sampled scientists from the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Economics, and Computer Science over the past century. Our work provides large-scale evidence that scientists across different fields tend to share similar publishing behavior over time by taking incremental steps that build on their past research outputs.
Does charitable giving reduce firms’ willingness to invest in green innovation?
Authors: Wang Hongpeng
Published: December 2022

While corporate charitable giving(CG) can help firms obtain external innovation resource support, it can also crowd out internal innovation resources. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of CG and government green subsidies(GS) on green innovation(GI). In this regard, we integrated signaling theory and principal-agent theory to provide a new theoretical perspective for simultaneously focus on the impact of external resource acquisition and internal resource allocation on GI. We conducted a threshold regression analysis on the balanced panel data of 863 listed companies of China from 2016 to 2019 to clarify the input boundary between the promoting and inhibiting effects of corporate CG on corporate GI. And we further explored the relationship between GS and GI under the effect of different CG thresholds. Our findings indicate that there is an inverted U-shaped threshold effect of CG on GI. The impact of GS on GI shows a decreasing marginal benefit as the intensity of CG increases. Based on the findings, we propose corresponding countermeasures for the management of enterprises and the government.
Accumulation of health complaints is associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain two years later in adolescents: The Fit Futures study
Authors: Smedbråten Kaja , Grotle Margreth , Jahre Henriette , Richardsen Kåre Rønn , Côté Pierre , Steingrímsdóttir Ólöf Anna , Storheim Kjersti , Nielsen Christopher Sivert , Øiestad Britt Elin
Published: December 2022

There is limited knowledge on the association between different health complaints and the development of persistent musculoskeletal pain in adolescents. The aims of this study were to assess whether specific health complaints, and an accumulation of health complaints, in the first year of upper-secondary school, were associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain 2 years later. We used data from a population-based cohort study (the Fit Futures Study in Norway), including 551 adolescents without persistent musculoskeletal pain at baseline. The outcome was persistent musculoskeletal pain (≥3 months) 2 years after inclusion. The following self-reported health complaints were investigated as individual exposures at baseline: asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema, headache, abdominal pain and psychological distress. We also investigated the association between the accumulated number of self-reported health complaints and persistent musculoskeletal pain 2 years later. Logistic regression analyses estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). At the 2-year follow-up, 13.8% (95% CI [11.2–16.9]) reported persistent musculoskeletal pain. Baseline abdominal pain was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain 2 years later (OR 2.33, 95% CI [1.29–4.19], p = 0.01). Our analyses showed no statistically significant associations between asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema, headache or psychological distress and persistent musculoskeletal pain at the 2-year follow-up. For the accumulated number of health complaints, a higher odds of persistent musculoskeletal pain at the 2-year follow-up was observed for each additional health complaint at baseline (OR 1.33, 95% CI [1.07–1.66], p = 0.01). Health care providers might need to take preventive actions in adolescents with abdominal pain and in adolescents with an accumulation of health complaints to prevent development of persistent musculoskeletal pain. The potential multimorbidity perspective of adolescent musculoskeletal pain is an important topic for future research to understand the underlying patterns of persistent pain conditions in adolescents.
New reference values for maximum respiratory pressures in healthy Brazilian children following guidelines recommendations: A regional study
Authors: Marcelino Ana Aline , Fregonezi Guilherme Augusto , Lira Maria das Graças , de Cordoba Lanza Fernanda , Dantas Lima Íllia Nadinne , Resqueti Vanessa Regiane
Published: December 2022

Objective

To determine reference values for maximum static respiratory pressures in healthy children from a Brazilian region, following recommendations of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the Brazilian Society of Pneumology and Tisiology (SBPT).

Methods

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with healthy children (6 to 11 years) of both sexes. The maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImax and PEmax, respectively) were measured using a digital manometer. Each child performed a minimum of three and a maximum of five maneuvers; three acceptable and reproducible maneuvers were considered for analysis. Minimum time for each maneuver was 1.5 seconds, with a one-second plateau, and one minute of rest between them. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was conducted for PImax and PEmax, considering correlations between independent variables: age, weight, and sex.

Results

We included 121 children (62 girls [51%]). Boys reached higher values for maximum respiratory pressures than girls. Respiratory pressures increased with age showing moderate effect sizes (PImax: f = 0.36; PEmax: f = 0.30) between the stratified age groups (6–7, 8–9, and 10–11 years). Age and sex were included in the PImax equation (PImax = 24.630 + 7.044 x age (years) + 13.161 x sex; R2 = 0.189). PEmax equations were built considering age for girls and weight for boys [PEmax (girls) = 55.623 + 4.698 x age (years) and PEmax (boys) = 82.617 + 0.612 x weight (kg); R2 = 0.068].

Conclusions

This study determined new reference equations for maximal respiratory pressures in healthy Brazilian children, following ERS and SBPT recommendations.
Semi-automated socio-anthropologic analysis of the medical discourse on rheumatoid arthritis: Potential impact on public health
Authors: Nardini Christine , Candelise Lucia , Turrini Mauro , Addimanda Olga
Published: December 2022

Background

The debilitating effects of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and the accompanying chronic inflammation represent a significant obstacle for the sustainability of our development, with efforts spreading worldwide to counteract the diffusion of NCDs, as per the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3). In fact, despite efforts of varied intensity in numerous directions (from innovations in biotechnology to lifestyle modifications), the incidence of NCDs remains pandemic. The present work wants to contribute to addressing this major concern, with a specific focus on the fragmentation of medical approaches, via an interdisciplinary analysis of the medical discourse, i.e. the heterogenous reporting that biomedical scientific literature uses to describe the anti-inflammatory therapeutic landscape in NCDs. The aim is to better capture the roots of this compartmentalization and the power relations existing among three segregated pharmacological, experimental and unstandardized biomedical approaches to ultimately empower collaboration beyond medical specialties and possibly tap into a more ample and effective reservoir of integrated therapeutic opportunities.

Method

Using rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as an exemplar disease, twenty-eight articles were manually translated into a nine-dimensional categorical variable of medical socio-anthropological relevance, relating in particular (but not only) to legitimacy, temporality and spatialization. This digitalized picture (9 x 28 table) of the medical discourse was further analyzed by simple automated learning approaches to identify differences and highlight commonalities among the biomedical categories.

Results

Interpretation of these results provides original insights, including suggestions to: empower scientific communication between unstandardized approaches and basic biology; promote the repurposing of non-pharmacological therapies to enhance robustness of experimental approaches; and align the spatial representation of diseases and therapies in pharmacology to effectively embrace the systemic approach promoted by modern personalized and preventive medicines. We hope this original work can expand and foster interdisciplinarity among public health stakeholders, ultimately contributing to the achievement of SDG3.
Development of hybrid composite by integrating functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) with glass fiber reinforced polyester composite
Authors: Gul Shaban , Abdullah Muhammad , Zafar Mahnoor , Ali Irshad , Ullah Khan Nehar , Younas Mohammad , Rezakazemi Mashallah
Published: December 2022

The current work presents the development of hybrid glass fiber reinforced polyester resin (GFRPs) composite. The composite integrates functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) with glass fiber (GF) using polyester resin as a media. Hand lay-up method was adopted to prepare GFRPs samples in the form of rectangular sheets. Morphological characteristics of the GFRPs were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to analyze the f-MWCNTs distribution and agglomeration of the developed composite’s surface due to varying concentrations from 0.0 to 0.5 wt.%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to confirm the presence of f-MWCNTs in the developed GFRPs. Sample with 0.4 wt. % f-MWCNTs showed the highest tensile strength and impact energy of 79 MPa, indicating a 31.66% improvement and 1.6 Nm with 77% improvement, respectively as compared to the control sample (0.wt.% f-MWCNT). The same sample also showed the thermal stability till 390 °C as measured through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Deposition of extra 10 layers initially increased the composite strength from 40 MPa to 128 MPa, however further increase in layers to 15 resulted decrease in strength to 100 MPa due to the poor interaction between the polyester resin and GF. The addition of f-MWCNTs in the composite effectively strengthens the interfacial bonding, which significantly improved the tensile and impact strength of the composite, making it tougher and thermally stable. However, further increase in the concentration of f-MWCNTs degraded the mechanical properties of developed composite such as compressive strength because of agglomeration of these nanoparticles and void formation in the composite.
First study on molecular epidemiology of dermatophytosis in cats, dogs, and their companions in the Kurdistan region of Iraq
Authors: Jarjees Karwan Idrees , Issa Nawzat Aboziad
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: Dermatophytosis is a zoonotic infection of the hair, skin, or nails in animals and humans caused by dermatophytes fungi. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dermatophytosis and its associated factors in cats, dogs, and humans in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.

Materials and Methods: Skin scraping samples were taken from cats, dogs, and humans with or without skin lesions. In total, 271 samples were collected; 133 from cats, 94 from dogs, and 44 from humans. The collected samples were cultured on dermatophyte test media for fungal isolation and molecular identification.

Results: The prevalence of the disease was 44.36%, 40.43%, and 65.91% in cats, dogs, and humans, respectively. Microsporum canis, the most frequently isolated dermatophyte, occurred in 94.92% of cats, 92.11% of dogs, and 100.0% of humans whereas, Trichophyton mentagrophytes was only isolated from 5.08% of cats to 7.89% of dogs. Animals and humans at younger ages were more susceptible to the infection. Males were more susceptible than females among animals, while the reverse was true in humans. Housed cats were at higher risk of dermatophytosis than outdoor-reared cats, whereas outdoor-reared dogs were at higher risk of dermatophytosis than indoor-reared dogs. The affected skin in animals and humans is significantly associated with higher prevalence rates of the disease. Contact with infected cats and dogs was associated with increased infection rates in humans. Patients with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were found to be at higher risk of dermatophytosis than those with no history of COVID-19.

Conclusion: Awareness should be raised among people about the zoonotic aspect of the disease, especially among those with COVID-19, to avoid contact with cats and dogs, who are at risk of the disease.
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Newcastle disease in backyard chickens in West Kordofan State, Sudan
Authors: Hussein Mutaz A. I. , Osman Nussieba A. , Ibrahim Mohamed T. , Alhassan Ayman M. , Abass Naglaa A.
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND), a major constraint to poultry production worldwide, is a highly contagious disease of many species of domestic, exotic, and wild birds caused by ND virus (NDV). Epidemiological studies are lacking regarding ND in village chickens, including the traditional and intensive production systems used in Sudan. However, it is necessary to develop appropriate strategies to control the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the flock- and bird-level seroprevalence of NDV in backyard chickens in West Kordofan State, Sudan, and to identify the risk factors associated with ND in the study area.

Materials and Methods: The seroprevalence of the circulating NDV and bird-level risk factors associated with ND was determined in backyard chickens from March to October 2017, in six villages (Alnowara, Alleait, Geibaish, Baiad, Sougoh, and Alnuhoud) in the Geibaish and Elnuhoud localities of West Kordofan State.

Results: Using the hemagglutination-inhibition test, the bird- and flock-level seroprevalences of antibodies to NDV were estimated as 20.6% (78/378) and 45% (18/40), respectively. Bird-level NDV seropositivity in backyard chickens was significantly associated with the reason for raising chickens, type of housing, contact with neighboring poultry, contact with wild birds, and chicken mortality caused by infectious diseases (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion: This study indicated that NDV is circulating in backyard chickens and may act as a potential source of infection for other birds and thus persistence of ND among local traditionally managed chickens in the areas of West Kordofan State. Risk factors contributing to ND occurrence are important for designing appropriate prevention and control strategies.
THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON ACCUMULATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COM-POUNDS IN KOENIGIA WEYRICHII
Authors: Korovkina Anna Viktorovna , Tsvetov Никита Сергеевич , Mikhaylova Svetlana Ivanovna
Published: December 2022

Koenigia Weyrichii (F. Schmidt) T.M. Schust. et Reveal is a herbaceous perennial plant introduced to the Murmansk and Tomsk regions in the mid–twentieth century. This plant accumulates a sufficiently large amount of flavonoids, which makes it a promising source of biologically active compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine how different location and climatic conditions affect the content of total phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant and antiradical activity of K. Weyrichii ethanol extracts obtained from different plant organs in different phases of vegetation. Inflorescences, leaves of the upper and middle tiers of K. Weyrichii were collected in three places – in the districts of Apatity, Kirovsk (Kola Peninsula, Murmansk region) and Tomsk (Western Siberia, Tomsk region) during flowering and fruiting periods. For ethanol extracts, the total content of polyphenolic components in reaction with Folin-Chokalteu reagent, flavonoids in reaction with aluminum chloride, total antioxidant and antiradical activity determined by phosphomolybdate and DPPH methods, respectively, were determined. The results of ANOVA factor analysis showed that these parameters depend on the place of growth, the period of collection and the type of plant tissue. The higher average value of the accumulation of total polyphenols was observed in Kirovsk – 106.2 мг GAE/г (GAE is the equivalent of gallic acid), the lowest – in Tomsk: 86.1 мг GAE/г. The average value of flavonoid accumulation was higher in Apatity – 4.39 мг,RE/г (RE – equivalent of rutin), less in Tomsk – 3.12 мг RE/г. Lower temperatures, less precipitation, and longer daylight hours in Apatity and Kirovsk contributed to a greater accumulation of flavonoids compared to Tomsk. In the inflorescences during the mass flowering period, there was a greater accumulation of flavonoids and a greater antioxidant activity of extracts at all three sites. The obtained data can be used as a theoretical basis for the rational use of K. Weyrichii as a promising source of flavonoids.
STUDY OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF LEAVES OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS JUGLANS L. BY HPLC
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Zimenkina Natal'ya Igorevna
Published: December 2022

Leaves of species of the genus Juglans L. of the Juglandaceae family are promising types of officinal medicinal plant materials, which preparations have an antimicrobial, restorative effect. In our opinion, the contribution to the antimicrobial activity, along with naphthoquinones, is also made by flavonoids contained in the leaves of various species of the genus Juglans L. Therefore, there is a need to determine the chemical composition of the leaves of species of the genus Juglans L. using modern methods of analysis. This article discusses the results of studying the component composition of the leaves of Juglans nigra L., Juglans regia L. and Juglans cinerea L. by microcolumn high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at an analytical wavelength of 360 nm. The conditions for chromatographic separation were established for the analysis of extracts from the leaves of species of the genus Juglans L. It was determined that in the leaves of Juglans nigra L. using HPLC it is possible to identify flavonoids - myricitrin, quercitrin, which are dominant and diagnostically significant for this type of raw material. In addition, the medicinal plant contains the aglycone of myricitrin – myricetin. A similar flavonoid profile was revealed in two types of medicinal plant raw materials – leaves of Juglans regia L. and Juglans cinerea L. Hyperoside, quercitrin, and juglanin were found in these species.
Young Patients With Colorectal Cancer Have Higher Early Mortality but Better Long-Term Survival
Authors: Wang Shuyuan , Yuan Zhen , Ni Kemin , Zhan Yixiang , Zhao Xuanzhu , Liu Zhaoce , Liu Yanfei , Yi Ben , Lai Sizhen , Yin Xin , Zhou Xingyu , Wang Yuqi , Ping Hangyu , Xin Ran , Wang Wenhong , Li Hongzhou , Zhao Yuanshun , Han Youkui , Gao Weifeng , Jin Xinlei , Wang Guihua , Zhang Zili , Li Guoxun , Zhang Qinghuai , Zhang Xipeng , Ma Hong , Zhang Chunze
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION:

To define the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young patients and to compare their postoperative treatment with that of older patients.

METHODS:

This multicenter study enrolled 5,457 patients with primary CRC who underwent surgical resection. The overall survival (OS), clinicopathologic characteristics, and postoperative treatment of 253 young patients aged 18–44 years and 5,204 older patients aged 44–80 years were analyzed.

RESULTS:

The OS rate was 77.1% for young and 74.2% for older patients (P = 0.348). Landmark analysis showed a significant difference in survival between young and older patients, with 63.8% of deaths among young patients being within 25 months of surgery compared with 42.4% among older patients (P = 0.002). Among those who survived more than 25 months, young patients had significantly better survival than older patients (P = 0.009). Multivariable analysis of young patients revealed that the tumor location, perineural invasion, and stage were associated with poor survival within 25 months; after this period, stage was the only prognostic marker. Young patients were more likely to receive chemotherapy, particularly multiagent regimens. For young patients, no significant difference in OS was found based on the chemotherapy regimen, regardless of disease stage (II, III, or IV, all P > 0.05). In addition, unlike in older patients, no difference in OS was found in young patients regardless of the drug regimen administered (all P > 0.05).

DISCUSSION:

Young-onset CRC may have a unique disease biology that warrants further research and therapy development.
Serological responses and protection levels in chickens administered with Newcastle disease vaccines
Authors: Seung Geumji , Kim Jiye , Kim Hyobi , Kim Ji-Yeon , Jang Yang-Ho , Kim Yeon-Hee , Her Moon , Yi Seong-Joon , Lee Keun-Woo , Jang Il , Lee Young Ju
Published: December 2022

Vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) is the most effective means of controlling the disease, and these vaccines are commercialized only after their safety and effectiveness have been verified through tests that comply with Korean Standards of National Lot Release for Veterinary Biologics. This study investigated whether a relatively convenient and safe serological test can be used in place of the challenge test using highly virulent ND virus. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were considered positive of log2 2 or more and cutoff value of 200 or more, respectively, in both live and inactivated vaccines. However, when the antibody levels of the live and inactivated vaccines induced using the Ulster 2C, KBNP-C4152R2L, and K148/08 strains were compared, the antibody titers for inactivated vaccines were significantly higher than those for live vaccines in both the HI assay and ELISA. A strong positive correlation was observed between HI and ELISA antibody titers. The live vaccines corresponded to a survival rates of ≥ 80% and the inactivated vaccines corresponded to 100% survival rates. This study confirmed that standard efficacy tests can serve as serological tests, and can replace the challenge test and that the vaccine approval process can be improved.
Developing Cashless Tourism from a Tourist Perspective: The Role of TAM and AMO Theory
Authors: PRAWIRA Mega Fitriani Adiwarna , SUSANTO Eko , GOELTOM Andar Danova Lastaripar , FURQON Chairul
Published: December 2022

Cashless tourism has become the future of the global tourism industry which is defined as a condition of financial transaction activities for the benefit of tourism that is carried out in a non-cash manner. This condition is motivated by changes in payment technology constantly migrating from conventional to digital models. The creation of increasingly diverse cashless payment channels and internal access has become a catalyst for changes in financial transactions in tourism. This study seeks to uncover factors that influence the internalization of cashless tourism by combining AMO (Abilities, Motivation and Opportunities) and TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) Theory. By involving 198 tourists and using the SEM-PLS approach, this study has carefully analyzed that there are 3 (three) phases of cashless tourism internalization: pre-condition, experiences, and internalization. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of technology adoption in the context of travel and the need to develop digital payments for stakeholders.
Dapsone Protects Against Lithium-Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats through Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Nitrergic Pathway
Authors: Koohfar Amirhossein , Eslami Faezeh , Shayan Maryam , Rahimi Nastaran , Moradi Farid , Golroudbari Hasti Tashak , Ghasemi Mehdi , Dehpour Ahmad Reza
Published: December 2022

Background and Purpose: Status epilepticus (SE) results in permanent neuronal brain damage in the central nervous system. One of the complex etiologies underlying SE pathogenesis is neuroinflammation. Dapsone has been recently considered as a potential neuroprotective agent in neuroinflammatory conditions. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate effects of dapsone on lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE in rats and assess whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) pathway participate in this effect.Methods: SE was established by injecting lithium chloride (127 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and pilocarpine (60 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals received pre-treatment dapsone (2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, oral gavage) and post-treatment dapsone (10 mg/kg). Subsequently, seizure score and mortality rate were documented. To assess the underlying signaling pathway, L-Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (a non-specific NO synthase [NOS] inhibitor), 7-nitroindazole (a specific neuronal NOS inhibitor), and aminoguanidine (a specific inducible NOS inhibitor) were administered 15 minutes before dapsone (10 mg/kg) pre- or post-treatment. Hippocampal tissue TNF-α and NO concentrations were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.Results: Dapsone (10 mg/kg) pre-and post-treatment significantly attenuated the increased seizure score and mortality rate due to lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE. The development of SE in animals was associated with higher TNF-α and NO metabolites levels, which notably decreased in the dapsone-treated rats. Moreover, co-administration of NOS inhibitors with dapsone markedly reversed the anti-epileptic effects of dapsone and caused an escalation in TNF-α level but a significant reduction in NO concentration level.Conclusions: It seems that dapsone may exert an anti-epileptic effect on lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE through TNF-α inhibition and modulation of the nitrergic pathway.
Tatalaksana Pasien di Rumah Sakit oleh Dokter Gigi dalam Pandemi COVID-19: Literature Review
Authors: Ambarani Eghia Laditra , Suryawati Chriswardani , Shaluhiyah Zahroh
Published: December 2022

On March 12, 2020, WHO (World Health Organization) officially declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic with the spread of SARS-CoV-2 globally and caused thousands of deaths. The wide and very fast spread of COVID-19 and reports of its spread to health workers, dental professionals are at high risk of nosocomial infections and can be potential carriers of the disease. This study aims to analyze dental management carried out in various countries in the COVID-19 era. This study uses a simplified approach systematic review method. A total of 101 articles were found in the initial search. Based on the selection of article searches resulted in 11 articles consisting articles from international journals. The study resulted in the management of dentistry in the COVID-19 era being divided into four parts, namely online patient triage, in-office patient triage and clinics preparation, treatment management, and post-treatment management. This management had not been carried out before COVID-19, but with COVID-19 still going, having a safe dental management can be a useful lesson for dental professionals or hospital managers for future epidemics or pandemics.
Covid-19 Epidemiology in Madura: Public Behaviors’ Compliance to Goverment Policy
Authors: Firdaus Thoriqi , Nisak Khoirun , Putri Mita Oktavia , Shodiq Muhammad Ahsan Fatwaddin
Published: December 2022

Introduction: A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged, namely Omicron variant virus. This variant has a fast transmission power and even affects the vaccine's effectiveness. Disobedience to the government regulations resulted in the spread of the viruses. One of the efforts to provide knowledge to the public is an effective communication through various media and methods. This research intends to analyze Madura society behavior on Indonesian government policies in this COVID-19 pandemic of Omicron variant.Methods: This study used a mixed-method with a cross-sectional study design. The study population were the all people who live in Madura, while the subjects of this study was 80 people. The quantitative data analysis was conducted using SPSS 20 software. The qualitative data  collection was done through observations and interviews.Results: Omicron variant of COVID-19 infects all ages in Madura. Among all of the subjects, 51.2 % infections were caused by disobeying the health protocols. Among the disobeys, 66.3 % did not use mask. The infection spread from their own region occurred on 58.8% of the subjects. The most often symptom was sore throat without any cough (71.3%). Among the subjects, 71.25% did not care about Omicron variant of COVID-19, 71.25% people lose their trust to vaccine and governments, 53.75% people did not care about the government policy.Conclusion: The spread of Omicron variant virus in Madura associated to the behavior of the subjects who had low concerns about COVID-19 epidemic. The loss of public trust in vaccines and the government relate to the compliance to the health protocols.
Healthcare Students' Knowledge and Distrust of COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Sondakh Jenny J. S. , Saleem Maryam
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The spread of various conspiracy theories (CT) is one of the causes of the difficulty in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of knowledge and distrust of healthcare students towards CT about COVID-19 and analyze what factors influence it.Methods : This survey research involved 230 health students from higher education institution in Malang. The respondents were selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection used a questionnaire which was distributed online. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, one-way ANOVA test, LSD test, Pearson correlation test, and calculation of the coefficient of determination.Results: A total of 47.83% of students had knowledge scores that were in the good category, while only 7.39% of students had their CT scores in the good category. Length of study, degree program, and institution type have a significant effect on student knowledge, but CT scores were only influenced by institution type. Student knowledge was not significantly correlated to their distrust of CT about COVID-19.Conclusion: The majority of health students still believe CT about COVID-19. Considering the findings, it is necessary to reformulate the curriculum for healthcare education to prepare the next pandemic.
Wykorzystanie żelaza w starożytnym Egipcie do początku okresu późnego
Authors: Napierała Mateusz
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this article is to present the use of iron in ancient Egypt up to the beginning of the Late Period. The presentation of the development of metallurgy of this metal will be possible through the analysis of the preserved objects and their fragments, which show the subsequent stages of learning about the new raw material and the gradual adoption of various methods of iron processing. Due to the fact that no traces of iron processing workshops have survived from the times preceding the Late Period, the analysis of the preserved iron artifacts will enable the reconstruction of subsequent stages of the development of this metal metallurgy. Equally important as objects are the sources from which the Egyptians could obtain iron and the routes by which they imported it, because their presence is one of the basic requirements for metallurgy to develop and spread. I in studying the development of iron treatment the texts in which there is terminology describing iron will be also helpful. Furthermore, by reviewing the contexts of its use, it will be possible to enrich knowledge about the metallurgy of this metal. The analysis of the above points will allow to present a complete picture of iron metallurgy in Egypt.
Mach–Zehnder electro-optic modulators chirping management in high speed data communication lightwave systems
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Babu Gade Harish , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad , Said Aabdelhamid Huda
Published: December 2022

This work demonstrates Mach–Zehnder electro-optic modulators chirping management in high speed data communication lightwave systems. The link with applied voltage on the modulators arms is clarified. We have analyzed the chirp in MZ lithium niobate modulators output. The resulted signal passed on the channel that consists of the loop control that we used not to lose too much power because we use an amplifier after a period of fiber reach cable. The resulted signal distance depends on the number of loops multiplied by the fiber reach cable. The next step is to receive the signal by photodetector pin with a responsivity of 1 A/W. The signal after that passed on low pass Gaussian filter with a cut of bandwidth of 0.75 × Bit rate.
Visible-light wireless communication system performance signature improvement for high bit rate transmission system
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Mahalakshmi Thirumalasetty , Sujaro Lakkepogu , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad , Mohammed Abdelnaser
Published: December 2022

This paper deals with the visible-light communication (VLC) network system improvement for high bit rate transmission system. The previous model use the visualizer analyzer for the estimate of bit error rate in which the maxi. Q factor is reached to 2.51. The previous study is used free space channel over along length of 200 km by the optical wireless communication (OWC) channel with available data rates of 4 Gb/s. This presented model has a transmission rate of 10 Gb/s which has a maximum Q factor of 6.34 at the same operating parameters by using CW laser as an optical source and Mach–Zehnder modulator with two cascades optical wireless communication (OWC) channel.
Modeling of hepatitis B epidemic model with fractional operator
Authors: Liu Peijiang , Wang Haohua , Cui Ting , Din Anwarud
Published: December 2022

In many regions across the world, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still endemic and the transmission rate is much greater than majority of the known epidemic diseases. Numerous mathematical models (utilizing various differential operators) have been put forth over the past 20 years to understand the transmission mechanism of HBV in various nations and geographical areas. In this manuscript, an epidemic model with various novelties for capturing the dynamic of HBV while utilizing Caputo–Fabrizio fractional differential operator with asymptomatic carriers and vaccination effects is introduced. Initially, the model is formulated by using the ordinary derivative, and afterward, the fractional differential operator is applied to transform the model into arbitrary-ordered derivative. A few basic mathematical properties for the proposed integer-ordered model is presented. The existence of solution to the problem and its uniqueness of the fractional order model are established by transforming the problem into integral equations and then applying the standard results of fixed point theory. For boundedness and positivity of model’ solution is elaborated utilizing the techniques of fractional calculus. It is too much important to validate the theoretical findings through simulations; therefore, the solution curves of the model under consideration are displayed by using the well-known approach called the Mittag-Leffler. To show the behavior of the order of the operator on the dynamics of the disease, various graphical illustrations are presented at the end of the manuscript. By comparing the findings of the present study with the available literature, it is observed that fractional derivative is better to use than integer-order operator for capturing the realistic scenario of the disease.
Output-conditioned and non-local allomorphy in Armenian theme vowels
Authors: Dolatian Hossep
Published: December 2022

Cross-linguistically, it is difficult to tease apart allomorphy from readjustment rules. But regardless, both tend to respect locality and are sensitive to information that is present in the input, not the output. We document a counter-example to these tendencies from Western Armenian, and we discuss how the data falsifies such restrictive models of allomorphy. The Western Armenian theme vowel-i-changes to the theme vowel-e-due to two types of triggers. The first type of trigger is phonological: the change happens when the theme vowel is unstressed in the output. This is a type of allomorphy that is conditioned by output phonology. The second type of trigger is morphological: the change happens when the verb is in the past tense. The+Pastmorpheme can be either in the verb (adjacent to the theme vowel) or on a separate auxiliary in periphrasis. This amounts to a case of long-distance allomorphy that is conditioned across words, even in suspended affixation. For suspended affixation, I provide semantic and prosodic evidence that suspended affixation is created via base-generation and not via ellipsis. The inability to use ellipsis acts as additional evidence that the allomorphy is long-distance.
Bacterial oxidoreductive enzymes as molecular weapons for the degradation and metabolism of the toxic azo dyes in wastewater: a review
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Zahoor Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad , Islam Noor Ul , Shah Abdul Bari , Shahzad Babar
Published: December 2022

Azo dyes are extremely toxic and pose significant environmental and health risks. Consequently, mineralization and conversion to simple compounds are required to avoid their hazardous effects. A variety of enzymes from the bacterial system are thought to be involved in the degradation and metabolism of azo dyes. Bioremediation, a cost effective and eco-friendly biotechnology, involving bacteria is powered by bacterial enzymes. As mentioned, several enzymes from the bacterial system serve as molecular weapons in the degradation of these dyes. Among these enzymes, azoreductase, oxidoreductase, and laccase are of great interest for the degradation and decolorization of azo dyes. Combination of the oxidative and reductive enzymes is used for the removal of azo dyes from water. The aim of this review article is to provide information on the importance of bacterial enzymes. The review also discusses the genetically modified microorganisms in the biodegradation of azo dyes in polluted water.
SUBLIMINAL AND OVERT SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING STRATEGIES ON THE HOTEL BUSINESS PLATFORM
Authors: Degtiar Sandra , Šimulynas Andrius
Published: December 2022

Socialinės medijos šiomis dienomis vaidina svarbų vaidmenį visuomenės gyvenime ir užima didelę dalį mūsų laiko. Ši technologinė revoliucija taip pat paveikė ir verslo sritį. Vartotojams suteikus daugiau kontrolės socialinių medijų platformose, verslininkai buvo priversti naudoti tiek atvirąsias, tiek paslėptąsias reklamos strategijas. Tyrimo tikslas yra nustatyti, kokias kalbines, vaizdines ir kitas įtaigos priemones naudoja reklamos ekspertai paslėptosiose ir atvirosiose reklamos strategijose. Siekiant supaprastinti šios plačios srities tyrimo eigą ir sumažinti apdorojamų duomenų kiekį, analizei buvo pasirinkta viešbučių verslo platforma. Kalbinės, vaizdinės ir įtaigos priemonės yra naudojamos viešbučių verslo socialinių medijų reklamos strategijose. Nors šios priemonės ir individualiai perteikia tam tikrą reikšmę, pagrindinė reklamos vertė atsiskleidžia tik esant visų trijų priemonių samplaikai. Analizė buvo atlikta iš dviejų perspektyvų – atvirųjų ir paslėptųjų strategijų. Atvirosiose strategijose iš reklamų išrinkti kalbiniai bei vaizdiniai pavyzdžiai. Uždarosiose strategijose šaltiniai suskirstyti į tris sritis – vartotojų generuojamas turinys, socialinių medijų konkursai ir kompanijos bei nuomonės formuotojų reklama.