bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global crisis management and higher education: Agency and coupling in the context of wicked COVID‐19 problems
Authors: Oleksiyenko Anatoly , Mendoza Pilar , Riaño Fredy Esteban Cárdenas , Dwivedi Om Prakash , Kabir Arif H. , Kuzhabekova Aliya , Charles Muweesi , Ros Vutha , Shchepetylnykova Ielyzaveta
Published: August 2022

Campus crisis management remains an understudied topic in the context of COVID‐affected higher education. In this paper, we contrasted the ability to tame the wicked problems brought by the pandemic of COVID‐19 in private and public universities in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Colombia, India, Kazakhstan, Uganda, and Ukraine. The cross‐country analysis and diversity of institutional types allowed us to consider a wide range of challenges faced by academic leaders and their institutions during the global pandemic. By drawing on institutional policy reviews and interviews with university administrators, we have examined tensions between the human and institutional agencies on these crisis‐stricken campuses given differing institutional coupling, sizes, resources, and missions. The focus on agential co‐dependencies and institutional coupling lays the ground for conceptualizing campus crisis management as a culturally specific construct in the context of higher education affected by the global pandemic.
Use of contraindicated antiretroviral drugs in people with HIV/HCV coinfections receiving HCV treatment with direct‐acting antivirals—Results from the EuroSIDA study
Authors: Nikolaichuk Myroslava , Mocroft Amanda , Wandeler Gilles , Szlavik János , Gottfredsson Magnus , Reikvam Dag Henrik , Svedhem Veronica , Elinav Hila , Laguno Montserrat , Mansinho Kamal , Devitt Emma , Chkhartishvili Nikoloz , Behrens Georg , Bogner Johannes , Viard Jean‐Paul , Winston Alan , Benfield Thomas , Leen Clifford , Fursa Olga , Rockstroh Jürgen , Peters Lars ,   for the EuroSIDA study group
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Our objective was to determine whether antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) were used according to the European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines for people with HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection treated with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) between 30 November 2014 and 31 December 2019 in the pan‐European EuroSIDA study.

Methods

At each publication date of the EACS guidelines, plus 3 and 6 months, we calculated the number of people receiving DAAs with potential and actual ARV contraindications (‘red shading’ in the EACS guidelines). We used logistic regression to investigate factors associated with using contraindicated ARVs.

Results

Among 1406 people starting DAAs, the median age was 51 years, 75% were male, 57% reported injected drug use as an HIV risk, and 76% were from western Europe. Of 1624 treatment episodes, 609 (37.5%) occurred while the patient was receiving ARVs with potential contraindications; among them, 38 (6.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3–8.2) involved a contraindicated ARV (18 non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors), 16 involved protease inhibitors, and four involved integrase strand transfer inhibitors. The adjusted odds of receiving a contraindicated ARV were higher (3.25; 95% CI 1.40–7.57) among participants from east/central east Europe (vs. south) and lower (0.22; 95% CI 0.08–0.65) for 2015–2018 guidelines (vs. 2014). In total, 29 of the 32 (90.6%) patients receiving a contraindicated ARV and 441 of the 461 (95.7%) with potential ARV contraindications experienced a sustained virological response ≥12 weeks after stopping treatment (SVR12; p = 0.55).

Conclusion

In this large heterogenous European cohort, more than one‐third of people with HIV/HCV coinfection received DAAs with potential ARV contraindications, but few received a contraindicated ARV. Use of contraindicated ARVs declined over time, corresponding to the increased availability of ARV therapy regimens without interactions with DAA across Europe. Participants who received a contraindicated DAA and ARV combination still had a high rate of SVR12.
Efficacy, durability, and tolerability of dolutegravir/lamivudine and dolutegravir/rilpivirine for the treatment of HIV in a real‐world setting in Belgium
Authors: Nasreddine Rakan , Yombi Jean Cyr , Darcis Gilles , Florence Eric , Allard Sabine D. , De Scheerder Marie‐Angélique , Henrard Sophie , Demeester Rémy , Messiaen Peter , Ausselet Nathalie , Loeckx Matthias , Delforge Marc , De Wit Stéphane ,   the Belgian Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium (BREACH)
Published: August 2022

Objectives

A paradigm shift from three‐drug regimens to two‐drug regimens (2DRs) is currently taking place in real‐world clinical practice. This study aimed to describe the efficacy, durability, and tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG)/lamivudine (3TC) and DTG/rilpivirine (RPV) in a real‐world setting.

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational, multicentre (ten centres in Belgium) study involving adult treatment‐naïve and treatment‐experienced people living with HIV on DTG/3TC or DTG/RPV between 1 January 2019 and 30 September 2020. The primary endpoint was rate of virological suppression (VS; plasma HIV‐1 viral load [VL] <50 copies/ml) using an on‐treatment analysis. Main secondary endpoints included the proportion of people that experienced loss of VS (LVS; defined as two consecutive HIV‐1 VLs of >200 copies/ml after initially achieving VS) and a resistance analysis at the time of LVS; rate, incidence, and reasons for discontinuation of treatment (stopping treatment or changing any component of the 2DR); and change in weight, along with the proportion of people reporting a >10% weight gain. Ordinal logistic regression analysis examined associations between baseline variables and >10% on‐treatment weight gain.

Results

Overall, 948 people were included, of whom 734 (77%) were on DTG/3TC and 214 (23%) were on DTG/RPV. Baseline characteristics included 54% aged ≥50 years, 31% female, 31% Black sub‐Saharan African, 95% treatment‐experienced, and 8% with HIV‐1 VL ≥50 copies/ml. Through 48 weeks, the rate of VS for the overall cohort was 98.3% (99.1% with 3TC; 96.2% with RPV). LVS was observed in 0.5% (n = 5) of the overall population (n = 1 [3TC group], n = 4 [RPV group]). There were 40 treatment discontinuations (4.2%, n = 27 [3TC group]; n = 13 [RPV group]), corresponding to an incidence of 4.7 per 100 patient‐years. The most common reason for discontinuation was an adverse event (1.4%), with neurotoxicity the most frequent (0.5%). Median on‐treatment weight gain at week 48 was 1 kg (interquartile range [IQR] −1–3) overall, 1 kg (IQR −1–3) in the 3TC group, and 2 kg (IQR 0–4) in the RPV group. A >10% weight increase was observed in 6.3% of people. Regression analysis showed that being on a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate‐based regimen prior to 2DR initiation was the only variable associated with a >10% increase in weight from baseline (odds ratio 3.48; 95% confidence interval 1.13–10.68; p = 0.038).

Conclusion

In this real‐world analysis, the 2DRs analysed were effective, durable, and safe for those who were treatment‐naive and treatment‐experienced. A slight increase in weight was associated with these regimens.
Thermoelectric properties of a series of polycrystalline Mo(Se1−xTex)2
Authors: Park Okmin , Kim Hyun‐Sik , Lee Se Woong , Lee You Jong , Park Sang Jeong , Kim Sang‐il
Published: August 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenides have being actively studied on the account of their large density‐of‐state effective mass and low lattice thermal conductivity. Herein, thermoelectric and electrical transport properties of MoSe2–MoTe2 system are investigated. A series of Mo(Se1−xTex)2 (x = 0, .25, .5, .75, and 1) polycrystalline samples was synthesized by conventional solid‐state reaction. Single hexagonal phase was identified for each sample without secondary phase, confirming the formation of complete solid solutions between MoSe2 and MoTe2. The electrical conductivity and magnitude of the Seebeck coefficient increased simultaneously with increasing Te content x at high temperatures, with the power factor following the same trend. As results, the MoTe2 sample exhibited the maximum power factor of .014 mW/(m K2) at 823 K. The lattice thermal conductivities of the alloyed samples (x = .25, .5, and .75) significantly decreased compared to MoSe2 and MoTe2 owing to point defect phonon scattering via anion substitution, which is verified by the Debye–Callaway model. A maximum zT of .0044 was obtained for MoTe2 sample at 773 K; however, the calculated quality factor B values of the samples with x = .75 and 1 at 773 K were almost identical, suggesting that a further enhancement of zT can be achieved by optimizing an nH of the Mo(Se0.25Te0.75)2 sample.
The influence of emotional burnout and resilience on the psychological distress of nursing students during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Merino‐Godoy María Ángeles , Yot‐Domínguez Carmen , Conde‐Jiménez Jesús , Ramírez Martín Patricia , Lunar‐Valle Piedad María
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to measure and analyse the association of emotional burnout and resilience with the psychological distress of students who finished their nursing studies after the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The mental health of nursing students was affected during the pandemic, and resilience seems to counteract the negative effects. This is a cross‐sectional study. The data (quantitative) were gathered at the beginning of the second term of the academic year 2020/2021. The study was carried out in the Spanish university context. Self‐reported measures were gathered using three one‐dimensional, valid, and reliable scales: the Psychological Distress Scale (K‐10), the Emotional Burnout Scale (EBS), and the short version of the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC10). A total of 393 students of different Spanish universities participated in this study. A valid linear regression model was obtained, which allowed verifying that psychological distress is explained, with 37% variance, by emotional burnout and resilience. The total score in emotional burnout has more relevance than the total score in resilience, and the latter has a negative tendency. Facing the factors that generate emotional burnout in students in the academic scope and promoting resilience in them are fundamental aspects that contribute to their psychological well‐being. The reflection should be extended to clinical practices. Universities are urged to think about last‐year students, their experiences, perceptions, and feelings, to determine how their susceptibility to emotional burnout and psychological distress can be minimized in their future clinical practices. Strategies to promote their resilience should also be studied.
The impact of trauma‐informed suicide prevention approaches: A systematic review of evidence across the lifespan
Authors: Procter Nicholas , Othman Shwikar , Jayasekara Rasika , Procter Alexandra , McIntyre Heather , Ferguson Monika
Published: August 2022

Trauma is associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing suicidality, indicating the need for and potential value of trauma‐informed suicide prevention strategies. The aim of this study is to systematically review published literature regarding trauma‐informed approaches for suicide prevention, and the impact on suicide outcomes. Systematic searches were conducted in eight databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Emcare, Nursing, and JBI in the Ovid platform; as well as ProQuest Psychology Database and The Cochrane Library) in March 2022, with no publication date limit. Four studies met the inclusion criteria: two randomized controlled trials and two quasi‐experimental studies. Two studies reported reductions in ideation, intent, and behaviour among youth and a cultural minority group. Few studies directly reporting suicide outcomes were identified, all were quantitative, and heterogeneity prevents generalizability across population groups. Currently, there is limited evidence focusing specifically on trauma‐informed suicide prevention across the lifespan. Additional research, incorporating lived experience voices, is needed to understand the potential of this approach, as well as how mental health nurses can incorporate these approaches into their practice.
Trace additive enhances microwave dielectric performance significantly to facilitate 5G communications
Authors: Huang Zipeng , Li Lingxia , Qiao Jianli
Published: August 2022

The ZnZrNb2O8 + x wt% LiF, MgF2, CuO (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.10), and Zn1−xCuxZrNb2O8 (0.000 ≤ x ≤ 0.050) ceramics were synthesized through solid‐state reaction. Compared with pure ZnZrNb2O8 ceramic, the quality factor and microstructure densification of the specimens with the addition of trace additives were significantly improved. When CuO was utilized as a sintering additive, is mostly impacted by relative density, whereas Q f value is primarily influenced by grain size. When CuO was employed as a dopant, is strongly connected to the dielectric polarizability and lattice vibration, Q f value is driven mostly by chemical bond covalency, and value is primarily dictated by variations in Nb–O bond energy and bond valence. Notably, the ceramics demonstrated excellent characteristics ( = 27.404, Q f = 74 213 GHz,  = −52.779 ppm/°C, ZnZrNb2O8 + 0.06 wt% CuO; = 27.448, Q f = 72  520 GHz, = −53.143 ppm/°C,Zn0.997Cu0.003ZrNb2O8), and these make them promising for use in fifth generation communications.
Primary healthcare nurses' experiences of addressing intimate partner violence in supportive legal and health system contexts
Authors: Maquibar Amaia , Estalella Itziar , Romero‐Serrano Rocío , Macías‐Seda Juana , Gil‐García Eugenia , Lancharro‐Tavero Inmaculada
Published: August 2022

Aim

To explore the experiences of primary healthcare (PHC) nurses caring for women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in a context of institutional support for the management of this health issue.

Design

Secondary qualitative analysis.

Methods

A purposeful sample (n = 19) of registered nurses, working in a PHC setting, with experience providing care to women who had disclosed intimate partner violence completed an in‐depth interview. Thematic analysis was used to code, categorize and synthesize the data.

Results

Four themes were developed from the analysis of the interview transcripts. The first two themes address the characteristics of the type of violence most frequently encountered by participants, and how these characteristics shape the needs of women and the care nurses provide them. The third theme encompasses uncertainties and strategies developed to deal with the aggressor during the consultations as the woman's companion or as the patient himself. Finally, the fourth theme reflects the positive and negative consequences of caring for women exposed to intimate partner violence.

Conclusion

When there is a supportive legal framework and health system to address IPV, nurses are able to implement evidence‐based best practices in caring for women experiencing intimate partner violence. The predominant type of violence experienced by women at the time they enter the healthcare system shapes their needs and the service/unit they reach. These varying needs should be considered in the development of training programmes for nurses and should be adapted for different healthcare services. Caring for women experiencing intimate partner violence implies an emotional burden even in an institutional supportive context. Therefore, actions to prevent nurses' burnout should be considered and implemented.

Impact

Lack of institutional support usually hinders the potential role nurses can play in the care provided to women who have experienced intimate partner violence. Findings from this study demonstrated that primary healthcare nurses are able to implement evidence‐based best practices in the care for women experiencing intimate partner violence when there is a supportive legal framework and the health system context is openly favourable to addressing intimate partner violence. Findings from this study could inform the design and implementation of programmes and/or policies to improve nurses' responses to intimate partner violence in primary healthcare services.
Effect of thickness on color and translucency of a multi‐color polymer‐infiltrated ceramic‐network material
Authors: Ruiz‐López Javier , Espinar Cristina , Lucena Cristina , de la Cruz Cardona Juan , Pulgar Rosa , Pérez María M.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of thickness on color and translucency of a multi‐color polymer‐infiltrated ceramic‐network (PICN) material.

Methods

Specimens of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mm thicknesses were obtained by sectioning VITA ENAMIC® multiColor (E‐MC) High Translucent CAD‐CAM blocks (1M1‐HT, 1M2‐HT, 2M2‐HT, 3M2‐HT, and 4M2‐HT). Spectral reflectance and color coordinates were measured on white and black backgrounds using a spectroradiometer, CIE D65 illuminant and CIE 45°/0° geometry. CIEDE2000 color and translucency differences (ΔE00 and ΔTP00) between thicknesses and adjacent layers were evaluated using their respective 50:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds (PT00 and AT00).

Results

In general, ΔE00 between thicknesses for all shades and layers were above AT00 in general. Chroma decreased from cervical to incisal layers with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), and ΔE00 between sequential layers were above PT00, for all shades and thicknesses. TP00 decreased from 0.5 to 1.5 mm and increased from cervical to incisal layers for all shades with statically significant translucency differences (p < 0.05). In general, for all thicknesses, TPT00 < ΔTP00 < TAT00 for sequential layers.

Conclusions

The gradient in color and translucency of E‐MC PICN material was influenced by the thickness of the CAD‐CAM block. In addition, color and TP transition values between the layers depends on the thickness and shade.

Clinical significance

The effect of thickness must be taken into account by dental technicians and dentists when CAD‐CAM multicolor PICN materials are used.
Detection of infestation by striped stem‐borer (Chilo suppressalis) in rice based on hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Wan Qiming , Ouyang Aiguo , Liu Yande , Xiong Zhiyi , Li Xiong , Li Lisha
Published: August 2022

Striped stem‐borer (SSB) larvae are one of the most serious insect pests that damages rice. In this study, the combined hyperspectral imaging and chemometric method are proposed detect the early SSB larvae infestation in rice stems. Firstly, hyperspectral reflectance data (390–1040 nm) of rice stems were collected for normal, 3 days of infection, 6 days of infection, and 9 days of infection, respectively. On the spectra, the average spectra of the region of interest of the rice stalk samples were extracted, and 19 characteristic wavelengths were screened by the successive projection algorithm (SPA). Morphological processing was performed on the pseudo‐color (generally known as RGB) images of rice stalk samples on the images. Then five image texture features based on the gray‐scale co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) and nine image color features based on color moments were obtained. The evaluation models of SSB larval infestation based on full spectra, characteristic wavelengths, GLCM, color moments, and data fusion were developed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), respectively. The results show that performance of the PLS‐DA model based on the fusion of characteristic wavelengths and GLCM is best. The accuracy of both the comprehensive modeling set and the prediction set is above 97%. The accuracy of the degree of infestation classification is good for all categories, and only the samples on the third day of infection are slightly less accurate. In conclusion, the hyperspectral imaging technology can be used to effectively detect the infection degree situation of early SSB larval infestation.

Practical Applications

Chemical control using insecticides to manage SSB infestation on rice is still the farmers' first choice. However, in the middle and late stages of rice growth, SSB larvae may moth into the inside of the rice stalk, and the rice provides a shelter for SSB so that the sprayed pesticides cannot reach SSB larvae, which produce a large number of overwintering SSB. This leads to the misuse of chemical pesticides, which causes serious pollution to the environment, pesticide residues also cause serious harm to the human body, and it also makes the pest resistance to pesticides rapidly increase. Therefore, it is necessary to find a rapid and effective detection method to detect the early infestation of SSB larvae on rice to reduce the use of pesticides and improve rice yield.
Protective effects of prior third dose mRNA vaccination in rural nursing home residents during SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreaks
Authors: Rhynold Elizabeth S. , Quan Samuel , Orr Pamela H. , LaBine Lisa , Singer Alexander , St John Philip D.
Published: August 2022

Background

In Canada, mortality due to SARS‐CoV‐2 disproportionately impacted residents of nursing homes (NH). In November 2021, NH residents in the Canadian province of Manitoba became eligible to receive three doses of mRNA vaccine but coverage with three doses has not been universal. The objective of this study was to compare the protection from infection conferred by one, two, and three doses of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine compared to no vaccination among residents of nursing homes experiencing SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreaks.

Methods

Infection Prevention and Control reports from 8 rural nursing homes experiencing outbreaks of SARS‐CoV‐2 between January 6, 2022, and March 5, 2022, were analyzed. Attack rates and the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) were calculated.

Results

SARS‐CoV‐2 attack rate was 65% among NH residents not vaccinated, 58% among residents who received 1–2 doses of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine, and 28% among residents who had received 3 vaccine doses. The NNV to prevent one nursing home resident from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during an outbreak was 3 for a vaccination with 3 doses and 14 for 1–2 doses of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine. The superiority of receiving the third dose was statistically significant compared to 1–2 doses (Chi‐Squared, p < 0.00001).

Conclusions

Nursing home residents who received three doses of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine were at lower risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection compared to those who received 1–2 doses. Our analyses lend support to the protective effects of the third dose of mRNA vaccine for NH residents in the event of a SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak.
Individual‐level drivers of dietary behaviour in adolescents and women through the reproductive life course in urban Ghana: A Photovoice study
Authors: Liguori Julia , Pradeilles Rebecca , Laar Amos , Zotor Francis , Tandoh Akua , Klomegah Senam , Osei‐Kwasi Hibbah A. , Le Port Agnès , Bricas Nicolas , Aryeetey Richmond , Akparibo Robert , Griffiths Paula , Holdsworth Michelle
Published: August 2022

Evidence on the individual‐level drivers of dietary behaviours in deprived urban contexts in Africa is limited. Understanding how to best inform the development and delivery of interventions to promote healthy dietary behaviours is needed. As noncommunicable diseases account for over 40% of deaths in Ghana, the country has reached an advanced stage of nutrition transition. The aim of this study was to identify individual‐level factors (biological, demographic, cognitive, practices) influencing dietary behaviours among adolescent girls and women at different stages of the reproductive life course in urban Ghana with the goal of building evidence to improve targeted interventions. Qualitative Photovoice interviews (n = 64) were conducted in two urban neighbourhoods in Accra and Ho with adolescent girls (13–14 years) and women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Data analysis was both theory‐ and data‐driven to allow for emerging themes. Thirty‐seven factors, across four domains within the individual‐level, were identified as having an influence on dietary behaviours: biological (n = 5), demographic (n = 8), cognitions (n = 13) and practices (n = 11). Several factors emerged as facilitators or barriers to healthy eating, with income/wealth (demographic); nutrition knowledge/preferences/risk perception (cognitions); and cooking skills/eating at home/time constraints (practices) emerging most frequently. Pregnancy/lactating status (biological) influenced dietary behaviours mainly through medical advice, awareness and willingness to eat foods to support foetal/infant growth and development. Many of these factors were intertwined with the wider food environment, especially concerns about the cost of food and food safety, suggesting that interventions need to account for individual‐level as well as wider environmental drivers of dietary behaviours.
Mechanisms of chlorate toxicity and resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Spero Melanie A. , Jones Jeff , Lomenick Brett , Chou Tsui‐Fen , Newman Dianne K.
Published: August 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that often encounters hypoxic/anoxic environments within the host, which increases its tolerance to many conventional antibiotics. Toward identifying novel treatments, we explored the therapeutic potential of chlorate, a pro‐drug that kills hypoxic/anoxic, antibiotic‐tolerant P. aeruginosa populations. While chlorate itself is relatively nontoxic, it is enzymatically reduced to the toxic oxidizing agent, chlorite, by hypoxically induced nitrate reductase. To better assess chlorate's therapeutic potential, we investigated mechanisms of chlorate toxicity and resistance in P. aeruginosa. We used transposon mutagenesis to identify genes that alter P. aeruginosa fitness during chlorate treatment, finding that methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr), which repair oxidized methionine residues, support survival during chlorate stress. Chlorate treatment leads to proteome‐wide methionine oxidation, which is exacerbated in a ∆msrA∆msrB strain. In response to chlorate, P. aeruginosa upregulates proteins involved in a wide range of functions, including metabolism, DNA replication/repair, protein repair, transcription, and translation, and these newly synthesized proteins are particularly vulnerable to methionine oxidation. The addition of exogenous methionine partially rescues P. aeruginosa survival during chlorate treatment, suggesting that widespread methionine oxidation contributes to death. Finally, we found that mutations that decrease nitrate reductase activity are a common mechanism of chlorate resistance.
Performance of existing clinical scores and laboratory tests for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in critically ill, nonneutropenic, adult patients: A systematic review with qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Asperges Erika , Cortegiani Andrea , Grecchi Cecilia , Rebuffi Chiara , Zuccaro Valentina , Scudeller Luigia , Bassetti Matteo ,   the FUNDICU investigators
Published: August 2022

Background

The Fungal Infections Definitions in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients (FUNDICU) project aims to provide standard sets of definitions for invasive fungal diseases in critically ill, adult patients.

Objectives

To summarise the available evidence on the diagnostic performance of clinical scores and laboratory tests for invasive candidiasis (IC) in nonneutropenic, adult critically ill patients.

Methods

A systematic review was performed to evaluate studies assessing the diagnostic performance for IC of clinical scores and/or laboratory tests vs. a reference standard or a reference definition in critically ill, nonneutropenic, adult patients in ICU.

Results

Clinical scores, despite the heterogeneity of study populations and IC prevalences, constantly showed a high negative predictive value (NPV) and a low positive predictive value (PPV) for the diagnosis of IC in the target population. Fungal antigen‐based biomarkers (with most studies assessing serum beta‐D‐glucan) retained a high NPV similar to that of clinical scores, with a higher PPV, although the latter showed important heterogeneity across studies, possibly reflecting the targeted or untargeted use of these tests in patients with a consistent clinical picture and risk factors for IC.

Conclusions

Both clinical scores and laboratory tests showed high NPV for the diagnosis of IC in nonneutropenic critically ill patients. The PPV of laboratory tests varies significantly according to the baseline patients' risk of IC. This qualitative synthesis will provide the FUNDICU panel with baseline evidence to be considered during the development of definitions of IC in critically ill, nonneutropenic adult patients in ICU.
Coupling near‐surface geomorphology with mangrove community diversity at the estuarine scale: A case study at Dongzhaigang Bay, China
Authors: Chen Guogui , Hong Wei , Gu Xuan , Krauss Ken W. , Zhao Kaiyuan , Fu Haifeng , Chen Luzhen , Wang Mao , Wang Wenqing
Published: August 2022

Coastal wetlands are key features of the Earth's surface and are characterized by a diverse array of coupled geomorphological and biological processes. However, the links between the distribution of biodiversity (for example, species and structural diversity) and the formation of coastal geomorphology are not well‐understood on a landscape scale most useful to coastal zone managers. This study describes the relationship between select geomorphological and biological mangrove community features (i.e. species composition and functional root type) in a landscape‐distributed coastal zone of Dongzhaigang Bay, north‐eastern Hainan Island, China. A total of 11 mangrove species and five functional aerial root types were encountered, with the location of species by root types being controlled by the elevation of the soil surface. Plank roots, prop roots and pneumatophores occupied the lowest intertidal elevations, while knee roots and fibrous roots of the mangrove fern, Acrostichum aureum, preferred the highest intertidal elevations. Surface sediment deposition in areas with mangroves was greater than deposition in non‐mangrove forest zones, establishing an important biological mechanism for this large‐area response because surface erosion/compaction was also more prominent within mangrove roots. Indeed, functional root type influenced the magnitude of deposition, erosion and compaction, with knee roots and pneumatophores being more effective in promoting deposition and preventing surface erosion/compaction than prop roots. These results indicate a potential role for vegetation type (especially functional root type) to influence coastal geomorphological processes at large landscape scales. While soil surface elevation is correlated to the distribution of mangrove species and functional root types, a significant feedback exists between elevation change and the capacity of those root types to influence coastal geomorphological differentiation within sustainable intertidal elevations. An enhanced understanding of geomorphological development, mangrove species distribution and functional root type may improve management to support nature‐based solutions that adjust more effectively to sea‐level rise through feedbacks.
Exploring the peer status prototypes: A large‐scale latent profile analysis on high‐school students from four European countries
Authors: Marinucci Marco , Pancani Luca , Riva Paolo
Published: August 2022

Peer status – the regard other group members have of an individual – is fundamental for youth development. Different research traditions developed independent theoretical frameworks conceiving the dimensions underlying social status, and this led to identifying a variety of peer status prototypes. In this work, we explored whether a classification based on the four dimensions of popularity, aggression, dislike, and victimization could integrate the scattered peer status profiles found in the different traditions. A latent profile analysis on 16,224 European students identified the peer status prototypes of popular, bullies, disliked, victims, and average students. Both the peer‐ and self‐reported correlates supported that the five profiles accounted for the large variety of the students' profiles in the literature. These findings suggest that the adoption of a multidimensional approach supported by advanced statistical procedures could identify students' peer status profiles more effectively, replacing classifications based on cutoffs, and leading to a unified students' classification.
A comparison of models for inferring longitudinal reciprocal relationships between constructs: A case example with internalizing and externalizing problems
Authors: Shi Qinxin , Butner Jonathan E. , Kilshaw Robyn , Munion Ascher , Deboeck Pascal , Oh Yoonkyung , Berg Cynthia A.
Published: August 2022

Developmental researchers commonly utilize longitudinal data to decompose reciprocal and dynamic associations between repeatedly measured constructs to better understand the temporal precedence between constructs. Although the cross‐lagged panel model (CLPM) is commonly used in developmental research, it has been criticized for its potential to produce biased estimates due to the fact of ignoring the trait‐like, time‐invariant nature of stability in constructs across people and aggregating the between‐ and within‐person effects together as a single estimate. Recently, a growing set of alternatives have emerged, but the estimates across CLPM and alternatives have rarely been compared in developmental research. The primary purpose of this article is to (a) provide a three‐component framework to help developmental researchers to select and specify the most appropriate model, and (b) illustrate how models differ in estimates with an empirical example investigating the reciprocal associations between internalizing and externalizing problems in school‐aged children. Methods: We specified CLPM, Random‐Intercept Cross‐lagged Panel Model (RI‐CLPM), Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals (LCM‐SR), Latent Change Score (LCS), and a Random‐Mean LCS using four waves of data from ECLS‐K: 2011 (N = 8779). Results: The CLPM provided the most evidence of significant cross‐lagged paths but the poorest fit to the data compared to other models. Alternative models had excellent fit and found either only negative temporal precedence from internalizing to externalizing problems or simply no evidence of prospective within‐person relations between internalizing and externalizing problems.
Accounting for what and to whom? Accountability tensions in collaborations addressing long‐term unemployment
Authors: Hansen Magnus Paulsen , Triantafillou Peter , Bellò Benedetta , Boon Jan , Doninck Dries Van , Downe James , Hopkins Cate , Klijn Erik Hans , Sarapuu Külli , Stevens Vidar , Verhoest Koen
Published: August 2022

Across Europe, public employment services are experimenting with more holistic and cross‐sector collaborations to tackle the wicked problem of long‐term unemployment. These collaborations operate in a context characterised by tensions produced by multiple demands for accountability. Based on case studies of the accountability relations and challenges in five such collaborations in the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders), Estonia, Scotland and Denmark, we found that: rigorous use of quantifiable measurement regimes made it difficult to attribute salience to important aspects of the progress made by the unemployed citizen; standardised accounts come with the risk of reductionist understandings of the citizen's social circumstances and resources; superficial participation by local politicians resulted in rather weak political accountability and a marked ambiguity of the role of the client as both accountee and accountholder.
Trends in mental health indicators among nurses participating in healthy nurse, healthy nation from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Cuccia Alison F. , Peterson Cheryl , Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , Boston‐Leary Katie
Published: August 2022

Background

American healthcare workers face unprecedented stress and trauma in the workplace during COVID‐19, putting nurses at increased risk for poor mental health. Examining trends of mental health from before and during COVID‐19 can illuminate the toll of the pandemic on nurses well‐being.

Methods

Nurses enrolled in Healthy Nurse, Healthy Nation receive a prompt to take an annual survey (n = 24,289). Mental health was assessed by active diagnoses of anxiety and depressive disorder, and feeling sad, down or depressed for two or more weeks in the past year. Logistic regression models were used to calculate predictive probabilities of health outcomes in year 4 (May 1, 2020 – April 30, 2021) compared to years 1–3 (each from May 1 to April 30), controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and nurse type. Models were also stratified by work setting and nurse type.

Results

In year 4, nurses had a 19.8% probability of anxiety disorder, significantly higher than year 3 (16.3%, p < .001), year 2 (13.7%, p < .001), and year 1 (14.0%, p < .001). Similarly, nurses had a 16.7% probability of depression disorder in year 4, significantly higher than year 2 (12.9%, p < .001) and year 1 (13.9%, p < .01). Year 4 nurses had a 34.4% probability of feeling sad, down or depressed for two weeks, significantly higher than previous years (year 1 = 26.8%, year 2 = 25.9%, year 3 = 29.7%, p < .001). Trends in probabilities of mental health indicators were similar among each nurse type and work setting. Nurses in medical/surgical work settings and those with licensed practical nurse and licensed vocational nurse titles consistently had the highest probability of poor mental health.

Linking Action to Evidence

In 2020–2021, nurses faced challenges unlike any experienced in previous years. Unsurprisingly, nurses reported increased instances of poor mental health indicators. Positive disruptive strategies are needed to systemically change organizational culture and policy to prioritize and support nurses’ well‐being.
Dynamic Force and Moment Characteristics of Annular Gaps—Simulation Results and Evaluation of the Relevance of the Tilt and Moment Coefficients
Authors: Kuhr Maximilian M. G. , Nordmann Rainer , Pelz Peter F.
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, most studies of the dynamic characteristics of annular gaps focus only on the force characteristics due to translational motions, while the tilt and moment coefficients are less well studied. To expand the knowledge of the additional coefficients, we investigate both the dynamic force and the dynamic and moment characteristics of annular gaps. First, the rotordynamic influence of annular gaps is recapitulated. Second, a new simulation method is presented, using a perturbed integro-differential approach in combination with a Hirs’ model and power law ansatz functions for the velocity profiles to calculate the dynamic force and moment characteristics. Subsequently, an extensive parameter study is carried out. To evaluate whether the hydraulic tilt and moment coefficients need to be considered, an effective stiffness is defined and the influence of the annulus length, an eccentrically operated shaft, the center of rotation, a modified Reynolds number, the flow number, and the pre-swirl is investigated. It is shown that despite the annulus length, the flow number as well a modified Reynolds number are crucial for the relevance of the additional coefficients. This leads to a simple three-dimensional diagram, which makes it possible to assess the necessity of including the additional coefficients on the basis of the three variables.
Perceptual learning alters effects of foreign language backgrounds in speech-in-speech recognition
Authors: Olmstead Annie J. , Viswanathan Navin , Albor Jacqueline , Billetdeaux Olivia
Published: August 2022

The effect of training on linguistic release from masking (LRM) was examined. In a pre-test and post-test, English monolingual listeners transcribed sentences presented with English and Dutch maskers. During training, participants transcribed sentences with either Dutch, English, or white noise maskers and received feedback. LRM was evident in the pre-test (performance was better with Dutch maskers) but was eliminated after training (masker conditions did not differ). Thus, the informational masking driving LRM can be ameliorated through training. This study is a basis for future research examining the specific aspects of informational masking that change as a function of experience.
The Catabolic System of Acetovanillone and Acetosyringone in
Sphingobium
sp. Strain SYK-6 Useful for Upgrading Aromatic Compounds Obtained through Chemical Lignin Depolymerization
Authors: Higuchi Yudai , Kamimura Naofumi , Takenami Hiroki , Kikuiri Yusei , Yasuta Chieko , Tanatani Kenta , Shobuda Toru , Otsuka Yuichiro , Nakamura Masaya , Sonoki Tomonori , Masai Eiji
Published: August 2022

In the alkaline oxidation of lignin, aromatic aldehydes (vanillin, syringaldehyde, and
p
-hydroxybenzaldehyde), aromatic acids (vanillic acid, syringic acid, and
p
-hydroxybenzoic acid), and acetophenone-related compounds (acetovanillone, acetosyringone, and 4′-hydroxyacetophenone) are produced as major aromatic monomers. Also, base-catalyzed depolymerization of guaiacyl lignin resulted in vanillin, vanillic acid, guaiacol, and acetovanillone as primary aromatic monomers.
The Metabolic Adaptation in Response to Nitrate Is Critical for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Growth and Pathogenicity under the Regulation of NarQ/P
Authors: Zhang Qiuhong , Tang Hao , Yan Chaoyue , Han Weiyao , Peng Lu , Xu Jiajia , Chen Xiabing , Langford Paul R. , Bei Weicheng , Huang Qi , Zhou Rui , Li Lu
Published: August 2022

Nitrate metabolism is an adaptation mechanism used by many bacteria for survival in anaerobic environments. As a by-product of inflammation, nitrate is used by the intestinal bacterial pathogens to enable gut infection.
TMEΜ45B Interacts with Sindbis Virus Nsp1 and Nsp4 and Inhibits Viral Replication
Authors: Yan Feixiang , Yang Wei , Wang Xinlu , Gao Guangxia
Published: August 2022

Alphaviruses are positive-stranded RNA viruses with more than 30 members. Infection with Old World alphaviruses, which comprise some important human pathogens such as chikungunya virus and Ross River virus, rarely results in fatal diseases but can lead to high morbidity in humans.
Light/Dark and Temperature Cycling Modulate Metabolic Electron Flow in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms
Authors: Kahl Lisa Juliane , Eckartt Kelly N. , Morales Diana K. , Price-Whelan Alexa , Dietrich Lars E. P.
Published: August 2022

Organisms that do not obtain energy from light can nevertheless be affected by daily changes in light exposure. Many aspects of animal and fungal physiology fluctuate in response to these changes, including body temperature and the activities of antioxidant and other redox enzymes that play roles in metabolism.
The Plasmodium falciparum Nuclear Protein Phosphatase NIF4 Is Required for Efficient Merozoite Invasion and Regulates Artemisinin Sensitivity
Authors: Zhu Xiaotong , Li Siqi , Wang Chengqi , Yu Yuanchao , Wang Jingjing , He Lu , Siddiqui Faiza Amber , Chen Lumeng , Zhu Liying , Zhou Dan , Qin Junling , Miao Jun , Cui Liwang , Cao Yaming
Published: August 2022

Protein phosphorylation regulates a multitude of cellular processes. The eukaryotic FCP1 phosphatase acts as a CTD-phosphatase to critically balance the phosphorylation status of the CTD of the RNAPII, controlling the accurate execution of the transcription process.
Draft Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas daejeonensis Strain NLF4-10 Isolated from Livestock Wastewater
Authors: Han Kook-Il , Nam Young Ho , Jung Ji Young , Jeong Sang Eun , Jin Hyun Mi , Lee Mi-Hwa
Published: August 2022

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Stenotrophomonas daejeonensis
strain NLF4-10, isolated from a livestock wastewater treatment plant in Nonsan, Republic of Korea. The whole-genome sequence of
S. daejeonensis
strain NLF4-10 was analyzed using the Pacific Biosciences Sequel and Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platforms.
Complete Genome Sequence of the
Gordonia
Bacteriophage BiggityBass
Authors: Versoza Cyril J. , Howell Abigail A. , Aftab Tanya , Blanco Madison , Brar Akarshi , Chaffee Elaine , Howell Nicholas , Leach Willow , Lobatos Jackelyn , Luca Michael , Maddineni Meghna , Mirji Ruchira , Mitra Corinne , Strasser Maria , Munig Saige , Patel Zeel , So Minerva , Sy Makena , Weiss Sarah , Herren Christopher D. , Smith Caldas Martha , Pfeifer Susanne P.
Published: August 2022

Here, we characterized the complete genome of the
Siphoviridae
BiggityBass, a lytic subcluster DR bacteriophage infecting
Gordonia terrae
CAG3. Its 63.2-kb genome contains 84 protein-coding genes, of which 40 could be assigned a putative function. BiggityBass is related most closely to AnClar and Yago84 with 90.61% and 90.52% nucleotide identity, respectively.
Long-Read-Resolved, Ecosystem-Wide Exploration of Nucleotide and Structural Microdiversity of Lake Bacterioplankton Genomes
Authors: Okazaki Yusuke , Nakano Shin-ichi , Toyoda Atsushi , Tamaki Hideyuki
Published: August 2022

Identifying intraspecies genomic diversity (microdiversity) is crucial to understanding microbial ecology and evolution. However, microdiversity among environmental assemblages is not well investigated, because most microbes are difficult to culture.
Analytical Sensitivity of Eight Different SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Detecting Rapid Tests for Omicron-BA.1 Variant
Authors: Bekliz Meriem , Adea Kenneth , Puhach Olha , Perez-Rodriguez Francisco , Marques Melancia Stéfane , Baggio Stephanie , Corvaglia Anna-Rita , Jacquerioz Frederique , Alvarez Catia , Essaidi-Laziosi Manel , Escadafal Camille , Kaiser Laurent , Eckerle Isabella
Published: August 2022

Sensitivity for detecting Omicron-BA.1 shows high heterogenicity between Ag-RDTs, necessitating a careful consideration when using these tests to guide infection prevention measures. Analytical and retrospective testing is a proxy and timely solution to generate rapid performance data, but it is not a replacement for clinical evaluations, which are urgently needed. Biological and technical reasons for detection failure by some Ag-RDTs need to be further investigated.
The Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus GP64 Retains the Transmembrane Helix of Signal Peptide to Contribute to Secretion across the Cytomembrane
Authors: Hao Bifang , Liu Lin , Liu Na , Sun Luping , Fan Fengxiu , Huang Jinshan
Published: August 2022

BmNPV is the primary pathogen of silkworms, which causes severe economic losses in sericulture. BmNPV and Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) are closely related group I alphabaculoviruses, but they exhibit nonoverlapping host specificity.
Impact of
Bacillus subtilis
Antibiotic Bacilysin and
Campylobacter jejuni
Efflux Pumps on Pathogen Survival in Mixed Biofilms
Authors: Erega A. , Stefanic P. , Danevčič T. , Smole Možina S. , Mandic Mulec I.
Published: August 2022

Campylobacter jejuni
is a prevalent cause of foodborne infections worldwide, while
Bacillus subtilis
as a potential probiotic represents an alternative strategy to control this alimentary infection. However, only limited literature exists on the specific mechanisms that shape interactions between
B. subtilis
and
C. jejuni
in biofilms.