bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bird community structure as a function of habitat heterogeneity: A case of Mardi Himal, Central Nepal
Authors: Pandey Naresh , Khanal Laxman , Chapagain Neeti , Singh K. Deepak , Bhattarai Bishnu Prasad , Chalise Mukesh Kumar
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Pandey N, Khanal L, Chapagain N, Singh KD, Bhattarai BP, Chalise MK. 2021. Bird community structure as a function of habitat heterogeneity: A case of Mardi Himal, Central Nepal. Biodiversitas 22: 262-271. Community structure of birds at different habitat types is underexplored in the montane environment of the central Himalaya. Therefore, this study explored bird community structure in different habitat types in Mardi Himal of the Annapurna Conservation Area, central Nepal, and tested association of different feeding guilds with the habitats. Data on the avian richness and abundance were collected in the winter and the summer of 2019 by point count method along the elevational gradient in every 100 m rise and analyzed using ordination methods. A total of 673 individuals of 112 bird species from 35 families under 13 orders were recorded. Among the observed orders and families, the order Passeriformes (77 species) and family Muscicapidae (16 species) were the most dominant. A linear species accumulation curve was obtained in both seasons. Species richness and abundance were found higher at forest edges of mid-elevations and insectivores were the most abundant birds. Frugivorous and carnivorous birds showed no specific association with habitat types, whereas, insectivores and omnivores were more abundant in pastureland and forest, respectively. Our results revealed that the community composition of birds varies with the habitat types and their feeding specialization is one of the major determinants.
Birds in the west coast of South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Riefani Maulana Khalid , Soendjoto Mochamad Arief
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Riefani MK, Soendjoto MA. 2021. Birds in the west coast of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 278-287. There is no comprehensive data on birds in the west coast of South Kalimantan, yet the areas are pressured by human activities, especially the rapidly growing tourism. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of bird species that occurred in the west coast of South Kalimantan and to compare the similarities of bird communities across four villages used as the sampling sites, i.e. Sungai Rasau, Sungai Bakau, Tabanio, and Pagatan Besar. Transect method combined with concentration count method were used to record diurnal bird species and number of individuals in five replications from April to September 2020. The observation area was 100 m from the shoreline toward the sea and 400 m from the shoreline toward the inland along 2 km with observation time was 07.00-11.00 and 16.00-19.00. Shannon Wienner species diversity index (H'), a Dice community similarity index based on the presence or absence of species (ISD), and a community similarity index (modification) based on the number of individuals per species (ISM) were analyzed. In total, there are 101 bird species recorded belonging to 41 families with Sungai Bakau Village has the highest number of species (81 species), while Pagatan Besar Village is the lowest (62 species). Thirty-four species are categorized as waterbirds. Twenty-three species are categorized as migratory birds. In terms of diversity index from highest to lowest are Sungai Bakau (4.04), Sungai Rasau (3.95), Pagatan Besar (3.65), and Tabanio (3.48). The similarity of the ISD community ranges from 0.74-0.84, while the ISM ranges from 0.73-0.90. One case (Sungai Bakau - Tabanio) shows that community similarity based on the number of individuals per species is smaller than based on the presence or absence of species. Based on the protection status following Indonesian government regulation, most (84.16%) birds are categorized as unprotected, while based on the conservation status of IUCN, the majority (91.09%) are Least Concern. The results of this study can be used as baseline information for sustainable management of the area in various aspects, including future research (such as on pest and disease control), tourism (such as bird watching), and education (such as field guide).
Diversity of biocontrol agents, isolated from several sources, inhibitory to several fungal plant pathogens
Authors: Ramona Yan , DARMAYASA IDA BAGUS GEDE , KUSUMA ANAK AGUNG NGURAH NARA , Line Martin
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ramona Y, Darmayasa IBG, Kusuma AANN, Line MA. 2021. Diversity of biocontrol agents, isolated from several sources, inhibitory to several fungal plant pathogens. Biodiversitas 22: 298-303. This study investigated the inhibitory potential of diversity of antagonist bacteria residing in the rhizosphere zone and mature compost to counter fungal plant pathogens. Soils collected from rhizosphere of lettuce farms in Bali-Indonesia and Tasmania-Australia, mature compost, commercial biocontrol (Dipel®), and laboratory contaminants with significant inhibition against tested fungal pathogens were used as sources of antagonist bacteria. These antagonists were isolated by applying dilution and spread method on trypticase soya agar (TSA) or potato dextrose agar (PDA), and their ability to inhibit Sclerotinia minor, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium spp., and Rhizoctonia solani was assessed in dual culture assays. The results showed that 67 out of more than 100 isolates had antagonistic activity in vitro against at least one of tested fungal pathogens. In the preliminary identification, Bacillus spp. or Pseudomonas spp. were found to be pre-dominant isolates. Following screening studies in a non-replicated glasshouse experiment against S. minor and S. sclerotiorum, 8 of the most promising isolates were further identified using molecular methods based on their 16s rDNA sequences aligned with those deposited at the GeneBank. These 8 isolates were identified as Pseudomonas corrugata, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Exiguobacterium acetylicum, and Chryseobacterium indologenes.
Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Effendi Mustofa Helmi , TYASNINGSIH WIWIEK , YURIANTI YEMIMA ANGGUN , RAHMAHANI JOLA , HARIJANI NENNY , PLUMERIASTUTI HANI
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Yurianti YA, Rahmahani J, Harijani N, Plumeriastuti H. 2021. Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 304-310.  The purpose of this research was to identify multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli from cloacal swab of broiler chicken in several wet markets in Surabaya. This study used 60 broiler chicken samples, with cloacal swab method. The samples were isolated and identified to find Escherichia coli with several procedures, MacConckey Agar (MCA), Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), Gram staining, indole test, Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer (MR-VP), citrate, and Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA). Antibiotic sensitivity test was tested by using Kirby-Bauer (Disc Diffusion Method) with antibiotics: Aztreonam, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, and Ciprofloxacin. From research, it can be illustrated that the isolates resistant to antibiotic Ciprofloxacin were 67% and Tetracycline was 65%. Total 97% isolates were found sensitive for Aztreonam, 73% for Chloramphenicol, and 55% for Gentamicin. Twelve isolates identified for MDR and two were ESBL. It can be explained that broiler chicken from wet market should be considered as a source of transmission for MDR and ESBL of E. coli to the public health.
Population, distribution, and habitat of Bornean Elephant in Tulin Onsoi, Nunukan District, Indonesia based on dung counts
Authors: SUKMANTORO WISHNU , Suyitno Agus , Mulyadi Mulyadi , GUNARYADI DONI , SENO AGANTO , KUSUMA ALFRED INDRA , DARWIS DARWIS
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Sukmantoro W, Suyitno A, Mulyadi, Gunaryadi D, Seno A, Kusuma AI, Darwis. 2021. Population, distribution, and habitat of Bornean Elephant in Tulin Onsoi, Nunukan District, Indonesia based on dung counts. Biodiversitas 22: 311-319. The survey on population, distribution, and habitat of Bornean elephants is very important because it reduces the information gap about Bornean elephants’ population and distribution. In more detail, the study can be used for updating information and the needs of local government in a spatial plan based on biodiversity conservation. The survey of Bornean Elephant was conducted in Tulin Onsoi Subdistrict, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, starting in February 2018 to May 2019. The survey area’s scopes are Agison, Sibuda, Apaan, and Tampilon sub-water catchment areas in 34 (5 x 5 km2) grids with a total of 850 km2.  The occupancy method with perpendicular line transect was used in this study. In the survey, the number of traces was 52 finding points with a total of 241 traces. The elephant dung identified in the dung piles (one-time defecation) was in 29 finding points with a total of 38 dung piles (0.22 dung piles per km). Based on Distance 6.0 and involved the formula of the elephant population’s density with standard defecation and dung decay ratio, the elephant population density in the Tulin Onsoi is between 4.8-5.7 individuals/100 km2. Minimum convex polygon (MCP)-qHull showed that the area of ​​the elephant habitat is 253.12 km2 in Tulin Onsoi sub-district. Generally, the habitat conditions for the location are old secondary forests (37 %). Meanwhile, other habitats included in the survey area are primary forest, shrubs, and plantations, including community agriculture and roads. In the strategy of managing the Bornean elephant, efforts to stabilize or increase population are important things to do. Conservation-based spatial planning and close monitoring for the protection of small populations of this species and its threats, are options that can be selected for present and future in North Kalimantan.
The influence of environmental factors on the distribution and composition of plant species in Oued Charef dam, northeast of Algeria
Authors: MOUALKI NAOUEL , Sirine Nadhra
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Moualki N, Boukrouma N. 2021. The influence of environmental factors on the distribution and composition of plant species in Oued Charef dam, North East of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 346-353. Identification of the primary factors that influence the ecological distribution of species groups is important to managers of Oued Charef dam in northern Algeria. This study aimed to identify main ecological species groups, describe the site conditions associated with these species groups, and the relationships between environmental factors and the distribution of ecological species groups using Ward’s cluster analysis for classification and principal component analysis (PCA). For this purpose, 50 plots (200 m2 each) were sampled using the Braun- Blanquet method. Soil samples were collected and analyzed to study soil properties. Multivariate analysis methods were used to classify and determine the relationship between species composition and environmental factors and to recognize ecological species groups. The R i386 (version 4.0.3) software was used for data analyzing. Ward's cluster analysis when applied on terrestrial species data gives three groups distinctly distributed on ordination plan. In cluster groups of terrestrial species Group (1) is dominated by Daisies chrysanthemum, Group (2) by Cynodon dactylon L, and Group (3) dominated by Fumana thymifolia. The groups of terrestrial species are readily superimposed on PCA ordination plane. The most important environmental factors associated with terrestrial species composition in Oued Charef dam communities were conductivity (EC), FSA, FSI, clay, salinity, phosphorus (PO4), TN (nitrogen), nitrates (NO3), and nitrites (NO2). While among the edaphic factors only pH showed a negative correlation to plant species this may due to the anthropogenic disturbances however further studies are needed to explore the rest of parts of the said regions. This study gives important insights on ecological relationships between plant biodiversity and soil chemical in a primary wetland ecosystem in northeast of Algeria.
Local snake fruit conservation in East Java, Indonesia: Community knowledge and appreciation
Authors: Indah Novita , INDRIYANI SERAFINAH , ARUMINGTYAS ESTRI LARAS , AZRIANINGSIH RODIYATI
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Indah NK, Indriyani S, Arumingtyas EL, Azrianingsih R. 2021. Local snake fruit conservation in East Java, Indonesia: Community knowledge and appreciation. Biodiversitas 22: 416-423. The community-based conservation of plant species diversity by variety of utility is an effective method for preserving local plants. Salak or the ‘snake fruit’ from East Java is an important fruit plant species in East Java. However, recent dramatic decline in its production and consumption occurred due to land-use change of plantation into resident or settlement areas. This study aims to analyze the value of local knowledge and appreciation and discusses the conservation strategy to cope with the situation. This descriptive research adopted 328 respondents from 10 local and introduced snake fruit cultivation areas in East Java. Respondents were divided into four age categories: young (17-30 years), adults (30-45 years), middle-aged (45-60 years), and old (>60 years). The questioner consisted of closed and open questions about knowledge (9 questions) and appreciation (13 questions). There were variations in the level of knowledge and appreciation between locations and ages. The highest appreciation about snake fruit utilization was shown by the middle-aged group (85.53% and 75% respectively) based on the age group. In comparison, the lowest scores were shown in the young group (79.82% and 59.80% respectively). The points that support appreciation such as benefits  and value of snake fruit for societal support. Based on the snake fruit cultivation area, the highest score for knowledge and appreciation of its value was found in Bojonegoro (98.1% and 87.01% respectively) while these were the lowest in Trenggalek (68.0% and 57.10% respectively). Appreciation supports community-based conservation through snake fruit festivals, product diversification i.e. making processed foods, and its use in religious ceremonies.
Endophytic bacteria associated with rice roots from suboptimal land as plant growth promoters
Authors: Prihatiningsih Nur , DJATMIKO HERU ADI , LESTARI PUJI
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Prihatiningsih N, Djatmiko HA, Lestari P. 2021. Endophytic bacteria associated with rice roots from suboptimal land as plant growth promoters. Biodiversitas 22: 432-437. Endophytic bacteria directly promoted plant growth and undirectly control the pathogens. This research was aimed to evaluate endophytic bacteria associated with rice root and their activity to promote plant growth and to control rice diseases. The study was conducted at the Laboratorium of Plant Protection and experimental farm Faculty of Agriculture Jenderal Soedirman University, from April to August 2020. The endophytic bacterial from suboptimal land were evaluated for promoting plant growth with soaking seed before seedling and spraying them at 10, 20, and 30 days after transplanting. The experiment was arranged with six replications and four treatments namely control (untreated endophytic bacteria) SM1 (endophytic bacteria isolate from Somagede); SB1 and SB3 (from Sumbang). Xanthomonas oyzae pv. oryzae was nature inoculation because the experiment location is in the endemic category of bacterial leaf blight. The variables observed were the plant growth components i.e plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate and effectiveness control. The result of this research shows that endophytic bacteria from Somagede (SM1) is the best to enhance plant height and number of tillers, and suppress disease intensity, and delay of incubation period.
Short Communication: Molecular bird sexing on kutilang (Pycnonotus sp.) based on amplification of CHD-Z and CHD-W genes by using polymerase chain reaction method
Authors: Pamulang Yudith Violetta , Haryanto Aris
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Pamulang YV, Haryanto A. 2021. Short Communication: Molecular bird sexing on kutilang (Pycnonotus sp.) based on amplification of CHD-Z and CHD-W genes by using polymerase chain reaction method. Biodiversitas 22: 449-452. Sex determination is an important aspect in breeding, ecological studies, rearing and reproductive management on Kutilang (Pycnonotus sp.) birds. It is based on differences in intron lengths from DNA amplification of the Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding (CHD) genes on the Z and W sex chromosomes. This study aims to compare the molecular bird sexing method on Pycnonotus sp. by PCR amplification derived from two different DNA sources. DNA was extracted from DNA 100 µL peripheral blood (1-2 drops) and three plucked feathers from each sample. The CHD genes were amplified using PCR method and visualized by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel. The amplified DNA fragments were single and double DNA bands in the size of 300 bp for the CHD-Z and 400 bp for the CHD-W genes. Three samples were identified as males from the six Pycnonotus sp. while the other three were females. The molecular sexing of six Kultilang (Pycnonotus sp.) birds showed that three samples were males and three were females. Descriptive analysis of two different DNA sources showed that the DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples has better quality than DNA extracted from plucked feathers.
Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) variation in biomass and total flavonoid content in Indonesia
Authors: RIDWAN Ridwan , Hamim Hamim , SUHARSONO Suharsono , Hidayati Nuril , GUNAWAN INDRA
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ridwan, Hamim, Suharsono, Hidayati N, Gunawan I. 2021. Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) variation in biomass and total flavonoid content in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 493-500. Utilization of a drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf has recently increased worldwide which consequently cause the increase in global demand. Indonesia, as a tropical country with large area, has a great potential to become a center for drumstick cultivation and leaf production. Drumstick distribution scattered in almost all of the islands of Indonesia has another potential for obtaining superior genotype variabilities. The aim of this study was to select the drumstick accessions from several islands in Indonesia with high leaf biomass production and flavonoid content. This experiment was carried out in the field using ten accessions of drumstick from ten islands in Indonesia, namely Sumatra, Java, Madura, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Drumstick seeds were planted in polybags with a capacity of 10 kg and arranged using a randomized block design with three replications. The parameters observed were plant growth, biomass production, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The results of this study found that Sumatra accession was the accession which had the highest leaf biomass production in combination with the uppermost total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity compared to others. Sumatra accession is recommended as an excellent accession for cultivation with the aim of producing flavonoids.
Tense, Aspect and Negation (TAN) in Ìgáṣí
Authors: Adéwálé Adéoyè Jèlílì
Published: January 2021

Studies that are available on Ìgás̩í have only classified the speech form as one of the speech forms under the Ako̩ko̩id language cluster but none has examined tense, aspect and negation in the speech form. The present study provides a descriptive account of tense, aspect and negation in the speech form. It maintains that tense in Ìgáṣí polarises future and non-future. It establishes, among other things, that the speech form uses the pre-verbal particle á to mark its future tense and demonstrates that aspects in the speech form are divided into perfect and imperfect. The study also claims that Ìgáṣí has three basic negative morphemes which are kpa, sẹ and àgẹ̀ and shows that the future tense, perfect and habitual aspects have overt morphemes that reflect their presence in negative sentences. It is further claimed that àgẹ̀ which is divisible into nominal prefix (à) and negator (gè̩) functions as the lexical negator in the speech form. Data in this study were obtained from native speakers of Ìgás̩í through oral interviews and their responses were recorded. It is hoped that this study, throws more light on the relationship among the functional categories (tense, aspect and negation) in Ìgás̩í speech form and document its syntax for posterity as nothing has been in that category.
Pro-drop in interrogatives and declaratives.
Authors: Cognola Federica , Walkden George
Published: January 2021

While there has been a substantial body of research on the asymmetry between main and subordinate clauses in terms of the licensing of pro-drop, potential differences between types of unembedded clause have received much less attention – despite the fact that competing theories of pro-drop make strong, clear predictions about the distribution of null subjects across clause types, especially with regard to interrogatives. This paper presents the first in-depth comparative study of pro-drop in both declaratives and interrogatives in two asymmetric pro-drop languages: Old High German and Old Italian. Based on a parallel corpus study using two translations of Tatian’s Diatessaron, we show that there is a clear difference in distribution between interrogatives and declaratives: null subjects are more frequent in declarative clauses than in interrogatives, and these also differ in terms of the persons in which pro-drop is licensed. Our results speak against the V-in-C licensing theory of asymmetric pro-drop of Benincà (1984) and Adams (1987), and in favour of an account based on an Agree relation with left-peripheral operators in the sense of Frascarelli (2007, 2018).
Die Partikeln schon und noch in der linearen Abfolge mit Temporaladverbien
Authors: Kutscher Anna
Published: January 2021

The particles schon and noch in German add an aspectual reading to events in different assertions. While schon tends to a perfective reading of an event, an imperfective reading appears with noch, hence both particles have a similar function on the event modification. Overtly, they are located unrestricted in the middle field of a German clause and can freely change their position towards temporal adverbs such as heute, jetzt, bald etc. It seems that syntax does not have an impact to order schon heute or heute schon. This variation is of main interest of the paper: Is there a linear restriction of adverbs and schon/noch, and does a change in the output cause a reinterpretation? The paper presents main assumptions on the word order of aspectual particles and temporal adverbs from the semantic and the syntactic perspective. An experimental study on prosodic factors will complete the overview and its preferences for the linearization of the sequences in question. The result is that common categorical grammar is not able to account for all possible outcomes with respect to contextual preferences. Therefore, a more flexible grammar concept is needed to build a usage-based concept on word order variation for these functional elements.
Epistemik und Common Ground.
Authors: Péteri Attila
Published: January 2021

In the present article it is hypothesized that epistemic markers are combined in texts and together constitute an epistemic background. To verify this an automatic corpus based co-occurrence analysis was performed. Based on the quantitative results, subcategories of epistemic markers were defined. These were later established theoretically using the common-ground model of Stalnaker. The constitution of common ground was then qualitatively analyzed on the basis of selected texts.
Implicit Arguments in English and Rutooro
Authors: Isingoma Bebwa
Published: January 2021

The present study is a contrastive analysis of the syntactic behavior of verbs that are ontologically specified for objects but these objects may be left out without rendering sentences ungrammatical. The study unveils asymmetries between English and Rutooro (a Bantu language spoken in Uganda) in the (non-)omissibility of postverbal arguments, stemming from lexico-semantic and morphological factors as well as syntactic and discoursal factors. In light of the asymmetries arising from syntactic and discoursal factors, the study adopts a typology of indefinite implicit arguments that categorizes them into two: general indefinite implicit arguments and discourse-bound indefinite implicit arguments. Denotational nuances between synonyms as well as morphological specifications are also crucial linguistic ingredients that trigger variability in the syntactic behavior of synonymous verbs intralinguistically and cross-linguistically. In order to formalize the syntactic behavior of the verbs involved, the study employs the analytical tools provided by Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG). While Asudeh/Giorgolio (2012) use a combination of LFG and Glue Semantics in order to account for the occurrence of implicit arguments, this study proposes an alternative approach, by using only the LFG functional specifications in the lexical entries of the verbs under consideration without having recourse to an auxiliary framework. Using Bresnan (1978) as a point of departure and informed by proposals advanced by Nordlinger/Sadler (2007), the study posits a non-ambiguous bistructural analysis, with the postverbal argument instantiating the specification ± higher structure – a feature that caters for the (non-)omissibility of the postverbal argument.
Hollywoodfilmtitel im Deutschen und im Thailändischen
Authors: Attaviriyanupap Korakoch , Seenlabut Pasinee
Published: January 2021

This paper is a contrastive analysis which explores how the English Hollywood film titles are translated into German and Thai. The purpose of the study is to answer the following questions: 1) What is the difference between the length of the film titles in the original English version and in their German and Thai translation; 2) Which translation methods can be found in the translation of the Hollywood film titles into German and Thai?; 3) Which constructions can be found in the translated film titles in German and in Thai in comparison to the original ones? The study is based on a corpus of 900 film titles including 300 of Hollywood film titles and their translation in German and Thai. It is found that the length of the film titles is between one and twelve words. While film titles in both European languages contain mostly two words, the use of four-word titles occurs most frequently in the Thai translation. 10 translation strategies are found in total. In German, the original English titles are mostly kept. In contrast to German, the titles are mostly totally changed in Thai. Regarding the structure of the film titles, there are totally 7 categories. Nominal phrase is the most frequently found construction of film titles in all these three analyzed languages.
Paisaje lingüístico en Benín: un recurso didáctico y motivador para el aula de lenguas extranjeras
Authors: Sossouvi Laurent-Fidèle , Lin Mei-Chih
Published: January 2021

Multilingualism and multiculturalism have been and are constitutive aspects of African soci-eties. This pioneer study analyzes the linguistic landscapes of Cotonou and Abomey-Calavi (Benin), two contiguous cities; in order to verify the status and the vitality of the languages used and spoken in the country as well as seeing if it is possible to exploit didactically this written modality. For this purpose, a quantitative analysis of written language productions in public space was carried out. The results reveal the languages used in the urban scene of both cities as well as the linguistic contact in their diverse aspects. They also indicate that the linguistic landscape doesn’t take into account the local multilingual practices in all their complexity. It appears as a context of learning which can be used as a didactic resource in the teaching of foreign languages.
Lexicalization of Akan Diminutives:
Authors: Appiah Amfo Nana Aba , Insaidoo Appah Clement Kwamina
Published: January 2021

This paper examines transparent and non-transparent diminutive forms in Akan and the range of meanings associated with each group, as presented in Appah/Amfo (2011). It takes the discussion of Akan diminutives a step further by showing that some of the meanings communicated by transparent diminutive forms are dependent on the context, including the semantic properties of the base to which the diminutive morpheme is attached. In addition, it demonstrates that even though the non-transparent diminutive forms communicate diminu-tive meanings and contain what appears to be the Akan diminutive morpheme, synchronical-ly they are formally unanalyzable since the putative diminutive morpheme cannot be deline-ated from the base. Also, it is argued that these forms have come from a lexicalization pro-cess that resulted in the reanalysis of the base+diminutive morpheme as a single unanalyza-ble unit. It is observed that the process of lexicalization could have been facilitated by a number of factors, including the loss of the bases from the language, which meant that the putative base could only be found in the context of their diminutive use. Finally, the lexical-ization process is schematized using formalism from Construction Morphology.
Media Perspectives on Boko Haram Insurgency and Herdsmen- Farmers’ Crises in Nigeria.
Authors: Alfred Bukola , Oyebola Folajimi
Published: January 2021

The focus of the study is media perspectives on Boko Haram insurgency and herdsmen-farmers clashes in Nigeria. These security issues have been commented on, in Nigerian newspapers. In order to show the social attitudes of different news organisations in Nigeria to the operations of Boko Haram insurgents and nomadic herdsmen, the study analysed news editorials from The Punch and The Guardian (South-Western region), Vanguard and The Sun (East) andLeadership and Daily Trust (Northern Region). The editorials were those published in the heatof the conflicts between 2014 and 2016. The analysis focused on the representations of Agents and activities and media’s perspectives on both security issues through the analysis of process options. Our findings show that all the newspapers syntactically positioned the Boko Haram insurgents and cattle herders as Agents of destruction and death and syntactically portrayed Nigerians and farmers as the victims /affecteds of these security issues. The process options show that the newspapers did not, in any way, try to obscure the activities of these groups, rather, they decry such.
Les marqueurs linguistiques de catégorisation sociale en godié
Authors: N'dré Damanan
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the categorization of people and objects lasses in the Godié society. In Godié, categorization of people and objects is done through classes suffixes. These are the suffixes of nominal classes here called categorization markers. These markers are five. They are: -kpá, -tɨ̀tɤ̅, -fɔ́, -có and -ɓí. They convey various semantic values. -fɔ́, -ɓí and -có markers are joined to names of people. They help in categorizing people according to their origin or their provenance in Godié society. -tɨ̀tɤ̅ and -kpá, evoke the idea of group. Apart from these markers, the possessives n̅ and ná also have a role to categorize people in the relationship of filiation or alliance.
Serielle Narration als Konstruktion.
Authors: Finkbeiner Rita
Published: January 2021

This paper aims at examining in detail a specific narrative pattern that is often found in picturebook stories for preschool children, namely, serial narration, or narration with repeated sequences. It is argued that serial narration is a form of linguistic routinization at the level of an actual text exemplar, by which a recurrent textual pattern emerges sequentially. In the first part of the paper, I analyze a number of both traditional and contemporary picturebooks and show that a key feature is repetition with variation at the level of the episode. In the second part of the paper, I investigate potential implications of the systematic utilization of serial narration for language acquisition.
Sprachlich Verfestigtes analysieren.
Authors: Brommer Sarah
Published: January 2021

This article combines theoretical and methodological considerations. It addresses the question how formulaic language manifests itself from a pragmatic point of view and how it can be analyzed with corpuslinguistic methods. First, it is shown that formulaic language – on the performance level – appears and is visible in the form of language patterns. Furthermore, an overview of the conceptual diversity prevailing in this context is provided. Subsequently, the question is how to make formulaic language empirically tangible, and the strengths and weaknesses of various corpuslinguistic approaches are discussed. In the third section, some methodological consequences, which result from a (largely) inductive corpuslinguistic analysis, are highlighted. Firstly, it is argued that even an inductive approach in practice necessarily includes deductive operations involving, on one hand, the corpus structure, and on the other, the analysis itself. Secondly, it is described how the study design affects the kind of formulaic language that can be identified. Thirdly, the possibilities and limitations of establishing formulaic language at the level of word forms and at the morphosyntactic level are discussed.
Usuelle Wortverbindungen in schulischen Kontexten
Authors: Hee Katrin
Published: January 2021

The language of schooling is characterized by (formulaic) typical linguistic patterns. The existing research on language acquisition assumes that those patterns are acquired implicitely during primary language acquisition without didactical support. This paper questions this presupposition and investigates the mode of pattern acquisition, i.e. whether patterns are indeed acquired as fixed patterns/idiomatic expressions or are rather learned during the development of the language of schooling.
Das Wechselspiel zwischen Lexikon und Diskurs.
Authors: Weber Tilo
Published: January 2021

Based on data mostly taken from corpora of written German language use, this paper analyzes linguistic phenomena of different kinds from the point of view of their schematicity. The focus is, first, directed to proverbs and their contextually adapted variants, to phraseologisms in a broader sense and to other types of expressions that seem to represent structural and functional schemes. Attention is then payed to a particular case of phraseological pattern which is referred to as the X ist das neue Y-construction (‘X is the new Y’-construction). It is argued that a construction grammar approach to language use is most appropriate to account for the different types and degrees of schematicity that can be observed in the data and that it is both more general and more explicit than alternative approaches provided, among others, by paremiologists.
Rhetorische Funktion von Projektorkonstruktionen mit deshalb und deswegen
Authors: Antonioli Giorgio
Published: January 2021

This paper focuses on so called syntactic projection phenomena in the German language. This term from the German Gesprächsforschung is used to define the fact that an utterance or part of it foreshadows another one. This paper aims at pointing out how such projection phenomena are consciously exploited for rhethorical purposes. This will be observed on the basis of excerpts from the Stuttgart 21 mediation talks. The linguistic analysis carried out in this paper will focus on syntactic projection phenomena involving the use of causal adverbial connectives deshalb and deswegen.
Popularisierung im Dienst der Persuasion.
Authors: Carobbio Gabriella
Published: January 2021

The article outlines some strategies of persuasion when popularizing legal contents. The study concerns a video (Erklärfilm) published on the website of the Bayerisches Staatsministerium der Justiz, which explains to migrants the main legal principles upon which the German federal state is grounded. Legal issues such as the constitutional freedom of religion or belief and the state monopoly on the use of force are clarified in order to give migrants basic knowledge of the German legal system and, at the same time, to persuade them that it is reasonable and necessary to respect the law. The present investigation focuses on specific argumentation structures and different linguistic actions in order to highlight their contribution to the informative and persuasive purposes of the popularizing video. The linguistic analysis shall also point out some syntactic and lexical features used in knowledge transfer processes.
Areale Variation von /r/-Realisierungen in schweizerdeutschen Dialekten.
Authors: Schmid Stephan , Leemann Adrian , Studer-Joho Dieter , Kolly Marie-José
Published: January 2021

The present study deals with the areal variation of /r/-realisations in the Alemannic dialects spoken in Switzerland. In particular, we provide a quantitative survey of recordings collected through crowdsourcing, i. e. by means of the smartphone application Dialäkt Äpp (Leemann/Kolly 2013). Each of the 2851 recordings of the word trinke (‘to drink’) was auditorily coded by at least two of the four authors. The resulting maps show a neat areal distribution of the realisations of /r/, with alveolar variants in most of the central Midlands and in the Alpine regions. Uvular variants, on the other hand, seem to prevail in the northeastern and northwestern parts of German-speaking Switzerland. Comparing our data with traditional dialectological sources, we find evidence for the hypothesis that the alveolar realisation of /r/ has been extensively replaced by uvular variants in large parts of the northeast; apparently, a similar sound change is now in progress in the rural areas around Basel.
S Doris in däm wisse Fätze.
Authors: Baumgartner Gerda
Published: January 2021

In various Swiss German dialects, the feminine gender is not the sole possibility when referring to women. Under certain circumstances, the article of female first names can also be neuter, e. g. s Doris. The gender assignment of names is determined by linguistic variables such as morphology or semantics, but also by social factors like age and social relationship. Neuter names have been shown to indicate social relations and encode certain concepts of gender roles in society. Based on data from an extensive online survey and fieldwork conducted in different places of Switzerland, the affective function of the neuter gender in the use of female names is explained. The focus lies on the definite article.
„Adelboden-Lenk... dänk!“
Authors: Christen Helen
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with four particle-like entities which emerged from clauses, namely glaub (from glaubi/i glaub’s ‘I believe [it]’), meini (from meini ‘I mean’), schiins (from schiint’s ‘it seems’) and denk (from denki/i denk’s ‘I think [it]’). They contain a meta-communicative function insofar as they express the speaker’s epistemic position. Based on evidence from different corpora it is argued that the category of modal particles accounts only superficially for the functionality of these entities. It would be more precise to distinguish between a particle, with which the speaker focusses on the factuality of the statement (glaub), and three particles, which focus on its evidentiality by referring to a source of information. The particle meini brings into play a personal (sensory) perception, schiins can function as hearsay-evidential, and denk conveys that the utterance is based on the speaker’s considerations. The particulisation of former clauses is understood as a grammaticalisation in progress, thereby touching on a semantic domain, which is otherwise expressed with lexemes (angeblich ‘allegedly’) and periphrases (allem Anschein nach ‘apparently’).
Bewertung und Grammatikalität regionaler Syntax.
Authors: Hanulíková Adriana
Published: January 2021

This paper addresses how morphosyntactic variation stemming from the Alemannic regional variety is perceived, evaluated, and judged in written and spoken language. Based on data from a questionnaire and speeded grammaticality judgments, this study examines which grammatical variants are salient to the listener as a function of speaker accent (regional vs. standard) and listener background (students from different school types and cities). The results show that, in addition to the regional morphosyntax, regional accent co-determines grammaticality judgements, in particular for naive listeners. Expert listener (students of language and literature) judgements are less affected by speaker accent, and appear to follow their subjective normative expectations concerning the prescriptive syntax usage. The most normative judgments on both syntactic and phonological levels were observed for dialectal variants within a group of high school students, despite being active users of the Alemannic variety. This result is a likely consequence of an explicit discard of dialect usage during classroom interactions.
Gesprochenes Schriftdeutsch im Schwäbischen.
Authors: Ganswindt Brigitte
Published: January 2021

The article demonstrates how to reconstruct an oral historical variety by using modern methods and different written sources. The phonetic-phonological phenomena of Regional High German in the nineteenth century are reconstructed for Swabia. Then, a method is presented for identifying mistakes (schriftsprachorientierte Fehlschreibungen) in Georg Wenker’s Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reichs (1888–1923). These mistakes are based on the partial identity of dialect and Regional High German, and can be used to reconstruct the oral historical variety for the nineteenth century.
Wortsprachliche Merkmale im Alemannischen
Authors: Caro Reina Javier
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the strategies for profiling the phonological word in Alemannic, applying the typology of syllable and word languages. The diagnostic criteria selected for assessing the relevance of the phonological word include syllable structure, phonotactic restrictions, and word-profiling processes. Following on from previous synchronic and diachronic analyses (Nübling/Schrambke 2004; Szczepaniak 2007), I will provide a detailed account of the phonological word in Old Alemannic and in modern Alemannic dialects, which include Upper-Rhine Alemannic, Swabian, and South Alemannic. It will be shown that the relevance of the phonological word gradually increased in Alemannic, as can be gleaned from processes such as unstressed vowel reduction, unstressed vowel deletion, and consonant epenthesis. While vowel reduction created strong asymmetries between stressed and unstressed syllables, unstressed vowel deletion and consonant epenthesis increased syllable complexity at word and morpheme boundaries. In addition, Swabian was found to contain more word-related features than Upper-Rhine Alemannic and South Alemannic. Thus, the typology of syllable and word languages contributes to a better understanding of language variation and change in Alemannic.
Müli, Loui, Rüfi.
Authors: Kistler Simon
Published: January 2021

Based on the material of the toponomastic dictionary of the Canton of Bern, or Ortsnamenbuch des Kantons Bern (BENB), this article first aims to describe how the final -i in today’s Swiss German dialects, as in müli ‘mill’, is represented in sources from the medieval era until the sixteenth century. It appears that the classical Middle High German -e grapheme is hardly found in our data, while -i is used throughout this entire period and beyond. However, it is shown that this becomes more complex whith respect to noun composition.

Moreover, the historical relation between the short and long Swiss German forms loui – louene ‘avalanche’ and rüfi – rufene ‘landslide’ is discussed.
Alemannisch und der Deutschunterricht.
Authors: Berthele Raphael
Published: January 2021

In this contribution, I describe the evolution of the role that Alemannic dialects and Standard High German play in the Swiss German educational context. Drawing on a content analysis of a collection of school-related documents from 1950 to 2014, I describe the change in the roles attributed to dialects and the standard language, respectively. The task of German-language education shifts from the two-fold goal of teaching standard-language literacy and cultivating the “pure” dialect in the 1950s to a clear prioritization of standard language skills both in orality and in literacy towards the end of the twentieth century. I discuss these changes in relation to the backdrop of the media discourse on identity, language, multilingual education, language norms, and other social issues such as migration.
Sprachalltag II: Sprachatlas – Digitalisierung – Nachhaltigkeit und das Arno-Ruoff-Archiv am Ludwig-Uhland-Institut für Empirische Kulturwissenschaft der Universität Tübingen.
Authors: Bühler Rudolf
Published: January 2021

Since 2015, the project Sprachalltag II has been running at the Institute of Historical and Cultural Anthropology in Tübingen. In addition to the final processing of the Sprachatlas von Nord Baden-Württemberg (SNBW), begun in 2009, and the creation of a popular, online Sprechender Sprachatlas von Baden-Württemberg, the goal is to research and digitize the extensive material of the Arno-Ruoff archive for further linguistic and ethnologic studies.

This project in particular includes the transcription and alignment of the dialect recordings collected by Ruoff and Bausinger since 1955 for the so called Zwirner corpus as well as the publication of the edited texts in a database in cooperation with the IDS Mannheim. After researching mainly on the morphological and syntactic level of the corpus, the project now also enables phonological examinations of the spoken language throughout the federal state of Baden-Württemberg and the area of Bavarian Swabia via the database.

This report will introduce the nature and extent of the hitherto edited recordings in more detail and show how, in the sense of a cross-disciplinary collaboration, Empirical Cultural Studies can benefit from the content development of the Tübingen corpus. In the course of editing, the transcripted dialect recordings are assigned to thematic categories by using keywords such as leisure or modernization. This includes the means of enquiry of the corpus to a content-related level that can serve the research fields of Historical and Cultural Anthropology.
Einleitung.
Authors: Hettler Yvonne , Kleene Andrea , Vorberger Lars
Published: January 2021

Der vorliegende Band versammelt Beiträge des 8. Kolloquiums Forum Sprachvariation der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Dialektologie (IGDD) und des 6. Nachwuchskolloquiums des Vereins für niederdeutsche Sprachforschung (VndS), das vom 04. bis 06. Oktober 2017 an der Universität Hamburg stattfand.

Vorgestellt wurden sowohl diachron als auch synchron ausgerichtete Arbeiten und Forschungsprojekte, die sich im Themenfeld der Dialektologie und Regionalsprachenforschung, der historischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft bewegen oder sich mit neueren regionalsprachlichen Texten beschäftigen. Der vorliegende Sammelband legt den Fokus auf die linguistischen Beiträge, die sich sowohl gegenwartssprachlichen Phänomenen als auch historischen Sprachzuständen und Entwicklungen der letzten 140 Jahre widmen.