bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Criação de um periódico científico online em uma instituição de ensino superior pública
Authors: Reis Sandra Gomes de Oliveira , Catelão Evandro De Melo
Published: January 2018

Introdução: Este trabalho fornece uma visão geral da implantação de um periódico científico em uma instituição de ensino pública, com o objetivo de atribuir maior facilidade de acesso à produção científica dos pesquisadores no país e no mundo.  Objetivo: A pesquisa teve como objetivo fornecer um relato sobre a implantação na instituição estudada. Metodologia: Para essa investigação, buscou-se contextualizar historicamente o periódico científico impresso e o eletrônico, destacando as semelhanças de suas características editoriais e os benefícios que o periódico eletrônico tem propiciado à comunidade científica. Resultados: O estudo enfatiza o papel das tecnologias da informação e comunicação e sua grande contribuição para o mercado editorial que vem sendo provido de várias alternativas eletrônicas que facilitam a produção dos periódicos científicos tanto impressos como eletrônicos. Conclusões: Diante da realidade atual, com avanços tecnológicos tão rápidos, o periódico eletrônico provoca grande impacto uma vez que a comunidade obtém informação nova a cada instante e em todas as áreas do conhecimento, se configurando como um recurso eficaz para a disseminação da informação e para a produtividade científica, técnica e cultural no âmbito da instituição estudada.
A metáfora e a organização do conhecimento: como dialogam?
Authors: Orrico Evelyn
Published: January 2018

Introdução: A partir do pressuposto de Johnson e Lakoff (1980), de que a organização cognitiva ocorre por via metafórica, procurou-se compreender como tal organização representaria o conhecimento. Objetivo: Propor a construção de um modelo teórico de filtro de recuperação da informação, a que se denomina de metafiltro. Metodologia: Foram analisadas as produções discursivas de um grupo de pesquisa que congrega pesquisadores iniciantes e experientes, no intuito de depreender as metáforas utilizadas para representar seu objeto de pesquisa e seu campo de conhecimento. Resultados: Pela análise, percebeu-se a metáfora ontológica da área, quer dizer, aquela que norteia todas as representações do campo, a saber: Transporte é rede sistêmica. Conclusões: A identificação da metáfora ontológica e das demais metáforas de um campo do conhecimento, quando associadas às facetas propostas por Ranganathan (1967), permite conseguir maior precisão na recuperação de informações inseridas em uma enorme base de dados como a internet.
Leitura e letramento informacional na universidade: um hiato, um construto fragmentado ou um dilema?
Authors: Reis Giordani Avila , Duarte Adriana Bogliolo Sirihal
Published: January 2018

Desde o surgimento da expressão information literacy no cenário educacional americano em 1974, observa-se as diferentes características que sua evolução e aplicação vêm sofrendo ao longo dos anos. O conceito foi trazido ao cenário nacional brasileiro em 2000 por Caregnato, que o traduziu como “alfabetização informacional”. Em que se pesem os diferentes nomes que o novo conceito ganhou por aqui, verdade é que sua significação e aplicação encontram dificuldades para cumprir seu propósito. A transposição do conceito para um cenário diferente daquele em que foi concebido originariamente deveria sopesar as diferentes realidades econômicas, sociais e educacionais. A leitura, que é um dos seus principais pilares, é, também, uma das principais barreiras que impedem sua aplicação plena no contexto brasileiro. A presente pesquisa revela que o problema da leitura acomete o indivíduo desde os níveis elementares de formação até a universidade, onde sua carência é visceralmente percebida. A indissociabilidade entre conceitos de alfabetização e letramento deveria possibilitar um estender de significações que garantisse a consecução do letramento informacional. Infelizmente, a realidade dos índices brasileiros mencionados neste artigo mostra a diferença entre desejo e realidade. Na verdade, os resultados observados revelam que há uma parte faltante nesta equação que o letramento informacional parece não comportar.  Ci
Compreensões sobre o dispositivo: da informação à via para profanação
Authors: Medeiros Jackson Da Silva
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar e refletir sobre dispositivos que repercutem a ideia que a verdade está colocada através de ações e práticas contextualmente específicas. Visa discutir e contribuir para uma sistematização das problemáticas “documento” e “informação”, atreladas às suas concepções e utilizações no campo da Ciência da Informação, com vistas a compreender e estrategizar relações de força e de poder. Aponta na direção de que dispositivos que se utilizam da informação e do documento, como a comunicação do conhecimento científico, operam no controle e nas estratégias de regulação do poder.
Métodos Ágeis Sob a Ótica da Informação
Authors: Alves Eder Junior , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto , Bax Marcello Peixoto
Published: January 2018

Introdução: Desde que Paul M. G. Otlet evidenciou o termo documentação em 1934, propondo como coletar e organizar o conhecimento do mundo, muitas pesquisas científicas direcionaram observações para o estudo da Ciência da Informação. Métodos e técnicas surgiram com uma visão de mundo sob o prisma da informação. Os métodos ágeis seguem esta tendência. Objetivo: O propósito é analisar a relevância do fluxo de informação para as organizações que adotam os métodos ágeis, entendendo como a inovação de processo recebe influência desta prática. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo bibliométrico com fundamentos da Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL). A integração entre a técnica RSL interagindo com a ferramenta Summarize é uma nova proposta metodológica. Resultados: O método ágil Scrum aparece com maior número de publicações no SPELL. Em comparação, os resultados das publicações do Google Scholar apontaram para a importância das práticas e comportamentos das equipes. No repositório DirectScience, fatores críticos de sucesso em gerenciamento de projetos e desenvolvimento de software aparecem em destaque. Conclusões: Ficou evidente que os métodos ágeis estão sendo utilizados como inovações de processos. Os benefícios e vantagens evidenciam-se com o maior fluxo de informações interno e externo, entre equipes e o cliente. Por sua prevalência na literatura, o Scrum merece atenção por parte das firmas.
Foucault: poder, vigilância, disciplina e punição uma análise do conceito de panóptico em obra narrativa de ficção
Authors: Caprioli Mariana da Silva , Lima Larissa de Mello , Martínez-Avila Daniel , Moraes João Batista Ernesto de
Published: January 2018

Introdução: Os textos narrativos de ficção, como por exemplo o livro “Jogos Vorazes” de Suzanne Collins, podem trabalhar conceitos e tópicos que poderiam ser de utilidade no estudo acadêmico da vigilância, punição, disciplina e poder.Objetivo: Realizar um paralelo entre o conceito de Panóptico concebido por Jeremy Bentham e trabalhado por Foucault em sua obra “Vigiar e Punir” com o livro “Jogos vorazes”, partindo-se da hipótese que Panem, o país tratado na hístória do livro, parece ter sido inspirada no Panoptismo, ou o dispositivo Panóptico.Metodologia: Trata-se de um artigo de revisão que busca em um primeiro momento trazer uma descrição sobre a forma como Foucault utilizou o conceito de Panóptico em “Vigiar e Punir”, para em um segundo momento aprofundar o conceito de Panóptico com relação à obra de ficção “Jogos vorazes” buscando elementos que corroborem a hipótese do artigo.Resultados: Pode-se perceber que as forças de vigilância, poder e disciplina que regem o Panóptico são concomitantes na obra de Foucault e na obra de ficção de Suzanne Collins escrito em 2010 fazendo-nos perceber que os discursos do texto narrativo de ficção possuem consonância com o discurso científico da obra de Michel Foucault.Conclusões: Já que as obras de ficção podem apresentar elementos comuns aos trabalhos de não ficção. A representação de obras narrativas de ficção é algo que possui potencial importância no estudo de conceitos em áreas acadêmicas. Este aspecto precisa ser considerado e aprofundado na descrição de obras de ficção Palavras-chave: Discurso Científico; Discurso Literário; ”Vigiar e Punir”; “Jogos vorazes”; Representação temática do documento.
Biblioterapia: o quiasma entre as ciências
Authors: Sousa Carla , Caldin Clarice Fortkamp
Published: January 2018

Introdução: No presente artigo apresenta-se a Biblioterapia, entendida como a função terapêutica da leitura, como  interlocução entre Ciência da Informação, Filosofia e  Psicologia. Parte-se do conceito de interdisciplinaridade, próprio das ciências pós-modernas, que fortalece a compreensão do ser humano na complexa sociedade do Conhecimento.Objetivos: Apresentar o entrelaçamento da Ciência da Informação, Filosofia e Psicologia no tocante a conceitos e ideias sobre a Biblioterapia.Metodologia: A pesquisa foi exploratória, qualitativa e bibliográfica. A revisão de literatura apontou os primeiros estudos em Ciência da Informação; apresentou a Biblioterapia com foco no interagente; mostrou as possibilidades de cruzamento entre a Ciência da Informação, Filosofia e Psicologia sob o viés da Biblioterapia.Resultados: A quebra de paradigmas em Ciência da Informação – primazia dos fatores econômicos e tecnológicos – e a inserção do interagente como fim primeiro e último das preocupações, têm permitido estudos voltados para o ser humano como personagem central do processo informacional.Conclusões: O compartilhamento de ideias entre a Ciência da Informação, Filosofia e Psicologia permite um entendimento mais acurado da Biblioterapia em especial sobre: diálogo, intercorporeidade, intersubjetividade, catarse.
LAND CONCENTRATION PROCESSES ON THE BASIS OF STATE LAND
RESOURCES ON DOLNY ŚLĄSK
Authors: Berbeka Tomasz
Published: January 2018

The object of this study was evaluation of state land concentration in farms within 1992-2015. After
economy transformation processes the agricultural public sector was opened for private ownership
land turnover. The purpose of new law legislations was to distribute land to family farms with lighter
accessible to agricultural land. From the other hand since 1992 existed law regulation promoted large
scale farms functioning on the basis of sale and land lease. In the region of Lover Silesia small share of
land contrahents (2.74%) purchased or leased 53.6% of total State Land in transactions over 100 ha.
This confirms large scale of land concentration and lower accessible for family farms. Current legal
regulations improved small and medium size farm situation by introducing new grade- points system and
memorandum for State Land purchase.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WEED CONTROL OF TECHNIQUES AND
BIOSTIMULATORS ON ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF POTAOES GROWING
Authors: Mystkowska Iwona
Published: January 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the differences weed contol techniques and
biostimulators on ecinomic effciency of potatoes. Field studies were carried out in the years 2015-2017
using biostimulators in an individual farm in Międzyrzec Podlaski. The applied biostimulators increased
the commercial yield of tubers by an average of 10.85 t/ha in comparison to the control without foliar
feeding. The direct surplus was from 6,354.9 at the control facility to 14,879.8 PLN/ha on the premises
where the Kelpak SL biostimulator was used.
Relación entre variables sociodemográficas, patogénicas y salutogénicas, con la calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios colombianos
Authors: Riveros Fernando , Vinaccia-Alpi Stefano
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Relationship between sociodemographic, pathogenic and salutogenic variables and the quality of life of Colombian university students. Several studies have analyzed the quality of life related to health, but few in healthy population, ignoring its predictive variables. The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic, pathogenic and salutogenic variables, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Five hundred and three university students of 17 Colombian universities participated in the study. Several instruments related to the study variables were applied. The results showed: (1) High scores in HRQOL, anxiety, perceived stress, resilience and optimism, and low scores in depression; (2) inverse relationship between HRQOL and anxiety, depression and perceived stress; (3) inverse relationship between vitality and depression and perceived stress; (4) optimism showed a direct relationship to the mental component of quality of life; (5) higher scores for men in HRQOL and resilience, and for anxiety in women; and (6) the mental health component in men is explained by perceived stress and depression, whereas in women it is explained by perceived stress, depression, anxiety and the current semester. In conclusion, HRQOL scoring is mainly associated with pathogenic variables.Resumen: Varios estudios han analizado la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, pero pocos en población sana, desconociendo sus variables predictoras. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre variables sociodemográficas, patogénicas y salutogénicas con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Participaron 503 universitarios de 17 universidades colombianas a los que se les aplicó diversos instrumentos relacionados con las variables de estudio. Los resultados mostraron: (1) Altas puntuaciones en CVRS, ansiedad, estrés percibido, resiliencia y optimismo, y bajos niveles de depresión; (2) relaciones inversas entre ansiedad, depresión y estrés percibido con CVRS; (3) relaciones inversas entre depresión y estrés percibido con vitalidad; (4) el optimismo mostró una relación directa con el componente mental de calidad de vida; (5) mayores puntuaciones para hombres en CVRS y resiliencia, y para ansiedad en mujeres y (6) el componente de salud mental en hombres, lo explica el estrés percibido y la depresión, mientras que en mujeres lo explica el estrés percibido, depresión, ansiedad y semestre en curso. Puede indicarse que las puntuaciones en CVRS están asociadas principalmente a variables patogénicas.
Efectos de un programa de formación de padres para reducir conductas perturbadoras infantiles
Authors: Vives-Montero Carmen , Cortes-Pendon David , Lopez-Rubio Sonia , Ascanio Lourdes
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Effects of a parent-training program to reduce children’s disruptive behaviors. This study evaluates the results of a parent training program incorporating some additional components to the traditional programs (emotional communication and problem solving) to be applied in the socio-community context. Eighteen parents comprised the control group and 21 the treatment group, with children 4 to 8 years old with disruptive behavior. The treatment group assisted to 7 sessions directed at improving parenting practices, registering their application and receiving feedback. Significant increases were found in the treatment group in parental use of appropriate discipline, incentives, and expectations. The treatment group reduced the application of severe discipline and the use of physical punishment, as well as the number and frequency of child behavior problems.  The results persisted at the 1-year follow-up.Resumen. Este estudio evalúa los resultados de un programa de entrenamiento de padres aplicado en el contexto socio-comunitario que añade algunos componentes a los programas tradicionales (comunicación emocional y solución de problemas).  Participaron 18 progenitores en el grupo control y 21 en el grupo de tratamiento con hijos de entre 4 y 8 años con conductas perturbadoras. El grupo de tratamiento asistió a 7 sesiones dirigidas a mejorar las pautas de crianza, registrar su aplicación y recibir retroalimentación. Se encontraron incrementos significativos en el grupo de tratamiento en la aplicación de disciplina apropiada, el empleo de elogios y las expectativas. El grupo de tratamiento redujo la aplicación de disciplina severa y el empleo del castigo físico y disminuyeron el número y la frecuencia de problemas de conducta de sus hijos. Los resultados se mantuvieron en el seguimiento un año después.
Immediate application of vacuum assisted closure dressing over free muscle flaps in the lower extremity does not compromise flap survival and results in decreased flap thickness
Authors: Chim Harvey , Zoghbi Yasmina , Nugent Ajani George , Kassira Wrood , Askari Morad , Salgado Christopher John
Published: January 2018

Background Free muscle flaps are a mainstay for reconstruction of distal third leg wounds and for large lower extremity wounds with exposed bone. However a major problem is the significant postoperative flap swelling, which may take months to resolve. We studied the efficacy and safety of immediate application of a vacuum assisted closure (VAC) dressing after a free muscle flap to the lower extremity.

Methods Over a 19 months period, all consecutive free muscle flaps for lower extremity reconstruction at a Level I trauma center were evaluated prospectively for postoperative flap thickness, complications and flap survival. Immediate application of a VAC dressing was performed in 9 patients, while the flap was left exposed for monitoring in 8 patients.

Results There was no statistically significant difference in flap survival between both cohorts. Mean flap thickness at postoperative day 5 for the VAC group was 6.4±6.4 mm, while flap thickness for the exposed flap group was 29.6±13.5 mm. Flap thickness was significantly decreased at postoperative day 5 for the VAC dressing group.

Conclusions Immediate application of VAC dressing following free muscle flaps to the lower extremity does not compromise flap survival or outcomes and results in decreased flap thickness and a better aesthetic outcome.
A brief introduction to mixed effects modelling and multi-model inference in ecology
Authors: Harrison Xavier A , Donaldson Lynda , Correa-Cano Maria Eugenia , Evans Julian , Fisher David N , Goodwin Cecily , Robinson Beth , Hodgson David J , Inger Richard
Published: January 2018

The use of linear mixed effects models (LMMs) is increasingly common in the analysis of biological data. Whilst LMMs offer a flexible approach to modelling a broad range of data types, ecological data are often complex and require complex model structures, and the fitting and interpretation of such models is not always straightforward. The ability to achieve robust biological inference requires that practitioners know how and when to apply these tools. Here, we provide a general overview of current methods for the application of LMMs to biological data, and highlight the typical pitfalls that can be encountered in the statistical modelling process. We tackle several issues relating to the use of information theory and multi-model inference in ecology, and demonstrate the tendency for data dredging to lead to greatly inflated Type I error rate (false positives) and impaired inference. We offer practical solutions and direct the reader to key references that provide further technical detail for those seeking a deeper understanding. This overview should serve as a widely accessible code of best practice for applying LMMs to complex biological problems and model structures, and in doing so improve the robustness of conclusions drawn from studies investigating ecological and evolutionary questions.
Detection of linear features including bone and skin areas in ultrasound images of joints
Authors: Bąk Artur , Segen Jakub , Wereszczyński Kamil , Mielnik Pawel , Fojcik Marcin , Kulbacki Marek
Published: January 2018

Identifying the separate parts in ultrasound images such as bone and skin plays the crucial role in synovitis detection task. This paper presents a detector of bone and skin regions in the form of a classifier which is trained on a set of annotated images. Selected regions have labels: skin or bone or none. Feature vectors used by the classifier are assigned to image pixels as a result of passing the image through the bank of linear and nonlinear filters. The filters include Gaussian blurring filter, its first and second order derivatives, Laplacian as well as positive and negative threshold operations applied to the filtered images. We compared multiple supervised learning classifiers including Naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbour, Decision Trees, Random Forest, AdaBoost and Support Vector Machines (SVM) with various kernels, using four classification performance scores and computation time. The Random Forest classifier was selected for the final use, as it gives the best overall evaluation results.
Automated cell-type classification in intact tissues by single-cell molecular profiling
Authors: Nagendran Monica , Riordan Daniel P , Harbury Pehr B , Desai Tushar J
Published: January 2018

A major challenge in biology is identifying distinct cell classes and mapping their interactions in vivo. Tissue-dissociative technologies enable deep single cell molecular profiling but do not provide spatial information. We developed a proximity ligation in situ hybridization technology (PLISH) with exceptional signal strength, specificity, and sensitivity in tissue. Multiplexed data sets can be acquired using barcoded probes and rapid label-image-erase cycles, with automated calculation of single cell profiles, enabling clustering and anatomical re-mapping of cells. We apply PLISH to expression profile ~2900 cells in intact mouse lung, which identifies and localizes known cell types, including rare ones. Unsupervised classification of the cells indicates differential expression of ‘housekeeping’ genes between cell types, and re-mapping of two sub-classes of Club cells highlights their segregated spatial domains in terminal airways. By enabling single cell profiling of various RNA species in situ, PLISH can impact many areas of basic and medical research.
Synthesizing artificial devices that redirect cellular information at will
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Li Jianfa , Chen Zhicong , Huang Weiren , Cai Zhiming
Published: January 2018

Natural signaling circuits could be rewired to reprogram cells with pre-determined procedures. However, it is difficult to link cellular signals at will. Here, we describe signal-connectors—a series of RNA devices—that connect one signal to another signal at the translational level. We use them to either repress or enhance the translation of target genes in response to signals. Application of these devices allows us to construct various logic gates and to incorporate feedback loops into gene networks. They have also been used to rewire a native signaling pathway and even to create novel pathways. Furthermore, logical AND gates based on these devices and integration of multiple signals have been used successfully for identification and redirection of the state of cancer cells. Eventually, the malignant phenotypes of cancers have been reversed by rewiring the oncogenic signaling from promoting to suppressing tumorigenesis. We provide a novel platform for redirecting cellular information.
Refining amino acid hydrophobicity for dynamics simulation of membrane proteins
Authors: Hills, Jr Ronald D.
Published: January 2018

Coarse-grained (CG) models have been successful in simulating the chemical properties of lipid bilayers, but accurate treatment of membrane proteins and lipid-protein molecular interactions remains a challenge. The CgProt force field, original developed with the multiscale coarse graining method, is assessed by comparing the potentials of mean force for sidechain insertion in a DOPC bilayer to results reported for atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Reassignment of select CG sidechain sites from the apolar to polar site type was found to improve the attractive interfacial behavior of tyrosine, phenylalanine and asparagine as well as charged lysine and arginine residues. The solvation energy at membrane depths of 0, 1.3 and 1.7 nm correlates with experimental partition coefficients in aqueous mixtures of cyclohexane, octanol and POPC, respectively, for sidechain analogs and Wimley-White peptides. These experimental values serve as important anchor points in choosing between alternate CG models based on their observed permeation profiles, particularly for Arg, Lys and Gln residues where the all-atom OPLS solvation energy does not agree well with experiment. Available partitioning data was also used to reparameterize the representation of the peptide backbone, which needed to be made less attractive for the bilayer hydrophobic core region. The newly developed force field, CgProt 2.4, correctly predicts the global energy minimum in the potentials of mean force for insertion of the uncharged membrane-associated peptides LS3 and WALP23. CgProt will find application in studies of lipid-protein interactions and the conformational properties of diverse membrane protein systems.
An exploratory study of adolescent response to fluoxetine using psychological and biological predictors
Authors: Zohar Ada H. , Eilat Tamar , Amitai Maya , Taler Michal , Bari Romi , Chen Alon , Apter Alan , Weizman Avraham , Fennig Silvana
Published: January 2018

Background

Not enough is known about predicting therapeutic response to serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors, and specifically to fluoxetine. This exploratory study used psychological and biological markers for (retrospective) prediction of treatment-response to fluoxetine in depressed and/or anxious adolescents.

Methods

Forty-one consecutive adolescent outpatients with a primary diagnosis of severe affective and/or anxiety disorders were assessed and treated with an open-label 8-week trial of fluoxetine. Type D personality was assessed with the 14-item questionnaire, the DS14. In addition, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1b were measured pre- and post-treatment.

Results

There was an elevation of Type D personality in patients, compared to the adolescent population rate. Post-treatment, 44% of patients were classified as non-responders; the relative risk of non-response for Type D personality patients was 2.8. Binary logistic regression predicting response vs. non-response showed a contribution of initial TNFα levels as well as Type D personality to non-response.

Conclusions

In this exploratory study, the most significant contributor to non-response was Type D personality. However, the measurement of Type D was not prospective, and thus may be confounded with psychiatric morbidity. The measurement of personality in psychiatric settings may contribute to the understanding of treatment response and have clinical utility.
East Asian Winter Monsoon Variations and Their Links to Arctic Sea Ice During the Last Millennium, Inferred From Sea Surface Temperatures in the Okinawa Trough
Authors: Li Dongling , Li Tiegang , Jiang Hui , Björck Svante , Seidenkrantz Marit‐Solveig , Zhao Meixun , Sha Longbin , Knudsen Karen Luise
Published: January 2018

The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) significantly impacts living conditions in a large part of Asia, and therefore, it is important to understand its major driving mechanisms. Winter sea surface temperature (SSTW) and circulation in the southern Okinawa Trough are today both primarily controlled by the EAWM. Here we present a new SSTW reconstruction for the last millennium based on a diatom record from sediment core MD05‐2908, from the continental slope of the southern Okinawa Trough off northeastern Taiwan. Our reconstruction indicates that SSTW varied between 14.1 and 19.6°C over the past 1,000 years. Changes in SSTW in the southern Okinawa Trough correspond closely to the index of warm winters based on historical documents from the East Asian monsoon domain. This implies that our SSTW record can be used to reconstruct EAWM variability during the last millennium. Comparisons with the reconstructed winter Arctic Oscillation (AO, developed from historical snow anomaly events in Eastern Asia) and Arctic sea ice cover reveal a significant positive correlation between the EAWM and AO during the time interval from 1000–1400 Common Era (C.E.), coinciding with reduced sea ice cover. However, there is no significant correlation with increased sea ice cover during the interval from 1400 to 1700 C.E. This suggests that the reduction in Arctic sea ice may periodically have played a role in strengthening the relationship between the EAWM and the AO during the last millennium and that the current and future reduction in Arctic sea ice may have significant consequences for the EAWM.
Non‐CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in China 2012: Inventory and Supply Chain Analysis
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Yaowen , Zhao Xueli , Meng Jing
Published: January 2018

Reliable inventory information is critical in informing emission mitigation efforts. Using the latest officially released emission data, which is production based, we take a consumption perspective to estimate the non‐CO2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for China in 2012. The non‐CO2 GHG emissions, which cover CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6, amounted to 2003.0 Mt. CO2‐eq (including 1871.9 Mt. CO2‐eq from economic activities), much larger than the total CO2 emissions in some developed countries. Urban consumption (30.1%), capital formation (28.2%), and exports (20.6%) derived approximately four fifths of the total embodied emissions in final demand. Furthermore, the results from structural path analysis help identify critical embodied emission paths and key economic sectors in supply chains for mitigating non‐CO2 GHG emissions in Chinese economic systems. The top 20 paths were responsible for half of the national total embodied emissions. Several industrial sectors such as Construction, Production and Supply of Electricity and Steam, Manufacture of Food and Tobacco and Manufacture of Chemicals, and Chemical Products played as the important transmission channels. Examining both production‐ and consumption‐based non‐CO2 GHG emissions will enrich our understanding of the influences of industrial positions, final consumption demands, and trades on national non‐CO2 GHG emissions by considering the comprehensive abatement potentials in the supply chains.
Pore Pressure Pulse Drove the 2012 Emilia (Italy) Series of Earthquakes
Authors: Pezzo Giuseppe , De Gori Pasquale , Lucente Francesco Pio , Chiarabba Claudio
Published: January 2018

The 2012 Emilia earthquakes sequence is the first debated case in Italy of destructive event possibly induced by anthropic activity. During this sequence, two main earthquakes occurred separated by 9 days on contiguous thrust faults. Scientific commissions engaged by the Italian government reported complementary scenarios on the potential trigger mechanism ascribable to exploitation of a nearby oil field. In this study, we combine a refined geodetic source model constrained by precise aftershock locations and an improved tomographic model of the area to define the geometrical relation between the activated faults and investigate possible triggering mechanisms. An aftershock decay rate that deviates from the classical Omori‐like pattern and Vp/Vs changes along the fault system suggests that natural pore pressure pulse drove the space‐time evolution of seismicity and the activation of the second main shock.
Electron Crescent Distributions as a Manifestation of Diamagnetic Drift in an Electron‐Scale Current Sheet: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations Using New 7.5 ms Fast Plasma Investigation Moments
Authors: Rager A. C. , Dorelli J. C. , Gershman D. J. , Uritsky V. , Avanov L. A. , Torbert R. B. , Burch J. L. , Ergun R. E. , Egedal J. , Schiff C. , Shuster J. R. , Giles B. L. , Paterson W. R. , Pollock C. J. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Lavraud B. , Coffey V. N. , Saito Y.
Published: January 2018

We report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of electron pressure gradient electric fields near a magnetic reconnection diffusion region using a new technique for extracting 7.5 ms electron moments from the Fast Plasma Investigation. We find that the deviation of the perpendicular electron bulk velocity from E × B drift in the interval where the out‐of‐plane current density is increasing can be explained by the diamagnetic drift. In the interval where the out‐of‐plane current is transitioning to in‐plane current, the electron momentum equation is not satisfied at 7.5 ms resolution.
Recent Changes in Global Photosynthesis and Terrestrial Ecosystem Respiration Constrained From Multiple Observations
Authors: Li Wei , Ciais Philippe , Wang Yilong , Yin Yi , Peng Shushi , Zhu Zaichun , Bastos Ana , Yue Chao , Ballantyne Ashley P. , Broquet Grégoire , Canadell Josep G. , Cescatti Alessandro , Chen Chi , Cooper Leila , Friedlingstein Pierre , Le Quéré Corinne , Myneni Ranga B. , Piao Shilong
Published: January 2018

To assess global carbon cycle variability, we decompose the net land carbon sink into the sum of gross primary productivity (GPP), terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER), and fire emissions and apply a Bayesian framework to constrain these fluxes between 1980 and 2014. The constrained GPP and TER fluxes show an increasing trend of only half of the prior trend simulated by models. From the optimization, we infer that TER increased in parallel with GPP from 1980 to 1990, but then stalled during the cooler periods, in 1990–1994 coincident with the Pinatubo eruption, and during the recent warming hiatus period. After each of these TER stalling periods, TER is found to increase faster than GPP, explaining a relative reduction of the net land sink. These results shed light on decadal variations of GPP and TER and suggest that they exhibit different responses to temperature anomalies over the last 35 years.
Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves Detected by Kaguya and Geotail in the Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Nakagawa Tomoko , Nishino Masaki N. , Tsunakawa Hideo , Takahashi Futoshi , Shibuya Hidetoshi , Shimizu Hisayoshi , Matsushima Masaki , Saito Yoshifumi
Published: January 2018

Narrowband electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves first discovered by the Apollo 15 and 16 Lunar Surface Magnetometers were surveyed in the magnetic field data obtained by the Kaguya satellite at an altitude of ∼100 km above the Moon in the tail lobe and plasma sheet boundary layer of the Earth's magnetosphere. The frequencies of the waves were typically 0.7 times the local proton cyclotron frequency, and 75% of the waves were left hand polarized with respect to the background magnetic field. They had a significant compressional component and comprised several discrete packets. They were detected on the dayside, nightside, and above the terminator of the Moon, irrespective of the lunar magnetic anomaly, or the magnetic connection to the lunar surface. The waves with the same characteristics were detected by Geotail in the absence of the Moon in the magnetotail. The most likely energy source of the electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves is the ring beam ions in the plasma sheet boundary layer.
Field‐Aligned GPS Scintillation: Multisensor Data Fusion
Authors: Mrak Sebastijan , Semeter Joshua , Hirsch Michael , Starr Gregory , Hampton Don , Varney Roger H. , Reimer Ashton S. , Swoboda John , Erickson Philip J. , Lind Frank , Coster Anthea J. , Pankratius Victor
Published: January 2018

The Mahali Global Positioning System (GPS) array (9 receivers, 15–30 km baseline distance) in central Alaska has probed auroral structures in a field‐aligned direction during a geomagnetic substorm on 7 October 2015. We present results from a collaborative study of GPS phase scintillation, optical emission brightness, and ionospheric density perturbations, by virtue of data fusion procedure from the Mahali GPS array, all‐sky imager (ASI), and the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR). First, we present observations in a traditional way using colocated GPS‐ASI sensors, giving us a principal pattern of the phase scintillation with respect to auroral brightness, free of any mapping ambiguities. Next, we use an assumption that the plasma irregularities are located at an altitude of 120 km, we map the optical data to this altitude, and we extend the GPS‐ASI study over the entire field of view of the GPS receiver array. We obtain a repeatable and persuasive pattern, revealing that GPS phase scintillation is clustered at the auroral edges. Moreover, investigation of the colinear ISR observations supports the altitude assumption of scintillation producing irregularities, and PFISR‐derived electric field estimates suggest that the source for irregularities is gradient drift instability. The phase scintillation was observed on all GPS receivers, phase scintillation exceeded once cycle during several electrojet intensifications, and several events lasted for more than a minute. Finally, phase scintillation was observed during all surge events, independent of the particular auroral morphology.
Spatial Distribution and Semiannual Variation of Cold‐Dense Plasma Sheet
Authors: Bai Shichen , Shi Quanqi , Tian Anmin , Nowada Motoharu , Degeling Alexander W. , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Rae I. Jonathan , Fu Suiyan , Zhang Hui , Pu Zuyin , Fazakerly Andrew N.
Published: January 2018

The cold‐dense plasma sheet (CDPS) plays an important role in the entry process of the solar wind plasma into the magnetosphere. Investigating the seasonal variation of CDPS occurrences will help us better understand the long‐term variation of plasma exchange between the solar wind and magnetosphere, but any seasonal variation of CDPS occurrences has not yet been reported in the literature. In this paper, we investigate the seasonal variation of the occurrence rate of CDPS using Geotail data from 1996 to 2015 and find a semiannual variation of the CDPS occurrences. Given the higher probability of solar wind entry under stronger northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions, 20 years of IMF data (1996–2015) are used to investigate the seasonal variation of IMF Bz under northward IMF conditions. We find a semiannual variation of IMF Bz, which is consistent with the Russell‐McPherron (R‐M) effect. We therefore suggest that the semiannual variation of CDPS may be related to the R‐M effect.
Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Wavefields in a Realistic Dipole Field
Authors: Denton R. E.
Published: January 2018

The latitudinal distribution and properties of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves determine the total effect of those waves on relativistic electrons. Here we describe the latitudinal variation of EMIC waves simulated self‐consistently in a dipole magnetic field for a plasmasphere or plume‐like plasma at geostationary orbit with cold H+, He+, and O+ and hot protons with temperature anisotropy. The waves grow as they propagate away from the magnetic equator to higher latitude, while the wave vector turns outward radially and the polarization becomes linear. We calculate the detailed wave spectrum in four latitudinal ranges varying from magnetic latitude (MLAT) close to 0° (magnetic equator) up to 21°. The strongest waves are propagating away from the magnetic equator, but some wave power propagating toward the magnetic equator is observed due to local generation (especially close to the magnetic equator) or reflection. The He band waves, which are generated relatively high up on their dispersion surface, are able to propagate all the way to MLAT = 21°, but the H band waves experience frequency filtering, with no equatorial waves propagating to MLAT = 21° and only the higher‐frequency waves propagating to MLAT = 14°. The result is that the wave power averaged k∥, which determines the relativistic electron minimum resonance energy, scales like the inverse of the local magnetic field for the He mode, whereas it is almost constant for the H mode. While the perpendicular wave vector turns outward, it broadens. These wavefields should be useful for simulations of radiation belt particle dynamics.
On the Acceleration and Anisotropy of Ions Within Magnetotail Dipolarizing Flux Bundles
Authors: Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Runov Andrei , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Artemyev Anton V. , Birn Joachim
Published: January 2018

Dipolarizing flux bundles (DFBs), earthward propagating structures with enhanced northward magnetic field Bz, are usually believed to carry a distinctly different plasma population from that in the ambient magnetotail plasma sheet. The ion distribution functions within the DFB, however, have been recently found to be largely controlled by the ion adiabaticity parameter κ in the ambient plasma sheet outside the DFB. According to these observations, the ambient κ values of 2–3 usually correspond to a strong perpendicular anisotropy of suprathermal ions within the DFB, whereas for lower κ values the DFB ions become more isotropic. Here we utilize a simple, test particle model to explore the nature of the anisotropy and its dependence on the ambient κ values. We find that the anisotropy originates from successive ion reflections and reentries to the DFB, during which the ions are consecutively accelerated in the perpendicular direction by the DFB‐associated electric field. This consecutive acceleration may be interrupted, however, when magnetic field lines are highly curved in the ambient plasma sheet. In this case, the ion trajectories become stochastic outside the DFB, which makes the reflected ions less likely to return to the DFB for another cycle of acceleration; as a consequence, the perpendicular ion anisotropy does not appear. Given that the DFB ions are a free energy source for instabilities when they are injected toward Earth, our simple model (that reproduces most observational features on the anisotropic DFB ion distributions) may shed new lights on the coupling process between magnetotail and inner magnetosphere.
The Mechanism and Dynamics of N‐S Rifting in Southern Tibet: Insight From 3‐D Thermomechanical Modeling
Authors: Pang Yajin , Zhang Huai , Gerya Taras V. , Liao Jie , Cheng Huihong , Shi Yaolin
Published: January 2018

N‐S trending rifts are widely distributed in southern Tibet, suggesting that this region is under E‐W extension, behind the N‐S collision between the Eurasia and India plates. Geophysical anomalies and Miocene magma extrusions indicate the presence of dispersed weak zones in the middle to lower crust in southern Tibet. These weak zones are partially located underneath the N‐S rifting systems. In order to study the formation of rifts in collision zones, we have developed a high‐resolution 3‐D thermomechanical model of continental lithosphere with bidirectional compressional‐extensional deformation, and spatially localized weak and low‐density zones in the middle to lower crust. Our numerical experiments systematically reproduce the development of N‐S trending rifts. Model results reveal that the weak middle to lower crust triggers the development of normal faults in the upper crust and surface uplift, whereas regions without such weak layer or with small‐scale weak zones are characterized by strike‐slip faulting. Geodynamic properties (density, depth, and geometry) of the weak middle to lower crust and Moho temperature notably influence the rifting pattern. In addition, rifting formation is critically controlled by large E‐W extension, with the ratio of extensional to compressional strain rate larger than 1.5 in the model with continuous weak middle crust. Our simulated rifting patterns correlate well with the observations in southern Tibet; we conclude that a combination of the bidirectional compression‐extension and the presence of locally weak middle to lower crust triggered the development of the rifting systems in southern Tibet.
Poisson's Ratio and Auxetic Properties of Natural Rocks
Authors: Ji Shaocheng , Li Le , Motra Hem Bahadur , Wuttke Frank , Sun Shengsi , Michibayashi Katsuyoshi , Salisbury Matthew H.
Published: January 2018

Here we provide an appraisal of the Poisson's ratios (υ) for natural elements, common oxides, silicate minerals, and rocks with the purpose of searching for naturally auxetic materials. The Poisson's ratios of equivalently isotropic polycrystalline aggregates were calculated from dynamically measured elastic properties. Alpha‐cristobalite is currently the only known naturally occurring mineral that has exclusively negative υ values at 20–1,500°C. Quartz and potentially berlinite (AlPO4) display auxetic behavior in the vicinity of their α‐β structure transition. None of the crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks (e.g., amphibolite, gabbro, granite, peridotite, and schist) display auxetic behavior at pressures of >5 MPa and room temperature. Our experimental measurements showed that quartz‐rich sedimentary rocks (i.e., sandstone and siltstone) are most likely to be the only rocks with negative Poisson's ratios at low confining pressures (≤200 MPa) because their main constituent mineral, α‐quartz, already has extremely low Poisson's ratio (υ = 0.08) and they contain microcracks, micropores, and secondary minerals. This finding may provide a new explanation for formation of dome‐and‐basin structures in quartz‐rich sedimentary rocks in response to a horizontal compressional stress in the upper crust.
Underestimation of Microearthquake Size by the Magnitude Scale of the Japan Meteorological Agency: Influence on Earthquake Statistics
Authors: Uchide Takahiko , Imanishi Kazutoshi
Published: January 2018

Magnitude scales based on the amplitude of seismic waves, including the Japan Meteorological Agency magnitude scale (Mj), are commonly used in routine processes. The moment magnitude scale (Mw), however, is more physics based and is able to evaluate any type and size of earthquake. This paper addresses the relation between Mj and Mw for microearthquakes. The relative moment magnitudes among earthquakes are well constrained by multiple spectral ratio analyses. The results for the events in the Fukushima Hamadori and northern Ibaraki prefecture areas of Japan imply that Mj is significantly and systematically smaller than Mw for microearthquakes. The Mj‐Mw curve has slopes of 1/2 and 1 for small and large values of Mj, respectively; for example, Mj = 1.0 corresponds to Mw = 2.0. A simple numerical simulation implies that this is due to anelastic attenuation and the recording using a finite sampling interval. The underestimation affects earthquake statistics. The completeness magnitude, Mc, for magnitudes lower than which the magnitude‐frequency distribution deviates from the Gutenberg‐Richter law, is effectively lower for Mw than that for Mj, by taking into account the systematic difference between Mj and Mw. The b values of the Gutenberg‐Richter law are larger for Mw than for Mj. As the b values for Mj and Mw are well correlated, qualitative argument using b values is not affected. While the estimated b values for Mj are below 1.5, those for Mw often exceed 1.5. This may affect the physical implication of the seismicity.