bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dose intensity for induction in acute myeloid leukemia: what, when, and for whom?
Authors: McCurdy Shannon R. , Luger Selina M.
Published: July 2021

Intensive chemotherapy has been the backbone of the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for decades. However, an increase in novel targeted agents, which has been brought about in part by a deeper understanding of the genetic makeup of AML, has led to remission-inducing regimens that do not require traditional cytotoxic agents. Combinations of a hypomethylating agent (HMA) and venetoclax have doubled the chance of remission for patients considered unfit for induction chemotherapy who would have traditionally been offered singleagent HMA. In fact, this regimen may rival the complete remission rate achieved with induction chemotherapy for certain populations such as the very elderly and those with secondary AML, but equivalency has yet to be established. Further advances include the addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin and FLT3 inhibitors to induction chemotherapy, which improves survival for patients with core-binding factor and FLT3-mutated AML, respectively. Still, much work is needed to improve the outcomes of the highest-risk subgroups: frail patients and those with high-risk cytogenetics and/or TP53 mutations. Promisingly, the landscape of AML therapy is shifting dramatically and no longer is intensity, when feasible, always the best answer for AML.
UBA6 and NDFIP1 regulate the degradation of ferroportin
Authors: Traeger Lisa , Wiegand Steffen B. , Sauer Andrew J. , Corman Benjamin H.P. , Peneyra Kathryn M. , Wunderer Florian , Fischbach Anna , Bagchi Aranya , Malhotra Rajeev , Zapol Warren M. , Bloch Donald B.
Published: July 2021

Hepcidin regulates iron homeostasis by controlling the level of ferroportin, the only membrane channel that facilitates export of iron from within cells. Binding of hepcidin to ferroportin induces the ubiquitination of ferroportin at multiple lysine residues and subsequently causes the internalization and degradation of the ligand-channel complex within lysosomes. The objective of this study was to identify components of the ubiquitin system that are involved in ferroportin degradation. A HepG2 cell line, which inducibly expresses ferroportingreen fluorescent protein (FPN-GFP), was established to test the ability of small interfering (siRNA) directed against components of the ubiquitin system to prevent BMP6- and exogenous hepcidin-induced ferroportin degradation. Of the 88 siRNA directed against components of the ubiquitin pathway that were tested, siRNA-mediated depletion of the alternative E1 enzyme UBA6 as well as the adaptor protein NDFIP1 prevented BMP6- and hepcidin-induced degradation of ferroportin in vitro. A third component of the ubiquitin pathway, ARIH1, indirectly inhibited ferroportin degradation by impairing BMP6-mediated induction of hepcidin. In mice, the AAV-mediated silencing of Ndfip1 in the murine liver increased the level of hepatic ferroportin and increased circulating iron. The results suggest that the E1 enzyme UBA6 and the adaptor protein NDFIP1 are involved in iron homeostasis by regulating the degradation of ferroportin. These specific components of the ubiquitin system may be promising targets for the treatment of iron-related diseases, including iron overload and anemia of inflammation.
Automatización de un Reactor Tipo Batch para la obtención de Biodiesel a partir de aceite reciclado
Authors: Campos Castelo Jonatahn Paúl , Coba Castillo Nelly Jacqueline , Villa Escudero Irma Catalina , Aldaz Vargas Adrian Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Hoy en día gracias a la innovación y desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías es posible la automatización de procesos industriales los cuales ayudan a mejorar el proceso de producción y generar un mercado competitivo. Las empresas comerciales e industriales del Ecuador cuentan con sistemas automatizados que son capaces de facilitar el trabajo y obtener productos de calidad reduciendo costos e incrementando la producción. Metodología: Para el desarrollo y ejecución de este proyecto de Automatización de un reactor tipo batch para la obtención de biodiesel en el Laboratorio de Procesos Industriales de la Facultad de Ciencias, se revisó información sobre el proceso de producción, los reactivos que se emplean, materiales y equipos necesarios. Se aplicaron los siguientes métodos: inductivo, deductivo y experimental. Resultados: La automatización permitió la reducción del tiempo en la fase de decantación en un 81,25%; lo que ayuda a que el tiempo de producción también se reduzca en un 65,22% comparado a las 11 horas y 30 minutos cuando el proceso que era netamente manual de acuerdo con las pruebas obtenidas en la automatización se presenta una mejora en la calidad del biodiesel. Conclusión: El rendimiento del reactor automatizado se incrementa notablemente en 287,5%. Se tiene un equipo operativo con bajo consumo de corriente, reducción en la cantidad de agua empleada para el lavado del biodiesel y posee un sistema de agitación constante. El rendimiento en volumen del biodiesel obtenido depende en gran medida de la calidad del aceite de cocina reciclado y la pureza del metanol.
MENINGKATKAN PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA ANAK DENGAN PERMAINAN MENYAMBUNG CERITA DI KELOMPOK B TK NEGERI 01 PAKAN RABAA KECAMATAN KOTO PARIK GADANG DIATEH KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN
Authors: Firdawati Yeni
Published: July 2021

Permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan perkembangan bahasa anak masih rendah. Hal ini terjadi karena permainan menyambung cerita yang digunakan guru kurang menarik dalam pembelajaran, bahkan anak bingung untuk mengunakannya. Pemilihan perkembangan bahasa dengan permainan menyambung cerita yang tidak tepat oleh guru menjadi penyebab terjadinya kondisi ini dan anak juga kurang memuaskan dalam perkembangan bahasa anak dengan permainan menyambung cerita.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan perkembangan bahasa anak di kelompok B TK 01 Pakan Rabaa Kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang Diateh Kabupaten Solok Selatan. Subjek penelitian ini anak kelompok B dengan jumlah anak 20 orang terdiri dari 10 perempuan dan 10 laki- laki. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dilakukan dalam dua siklus dengan tahapan masing – masing siklus sebagai berikut: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, refleksi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian diolah dan di analisis dengan rumus persentase.

Manfaat Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini adalah agar kemampuan perkembangan bahasa anak dengan permainan menyambung cerita meningkat. Hasil penelitian rata- rata persentase kemampuan perkembangan bahasa anak dapat dilihat dari sebelum tindakan, sampai siklus II. Sebelum tindakan kemampuan bahasa anak masih rendah, pada siklus I mulai meningkat namun belum mencapai KKM. Pada siklus II meningkat lagi sehingga sudah melebihi Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal ( KKM) yang ditetapkan.

Berdasarkan hasil Penelitian Tindakan Kelasa (PTK) dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan menyambung cerita di kelompok B terjadi peningkatan, yaitu persentase perkembangan bahasa anak pada indikator 1, siklus I 40% pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 75%, perkembangan bahasa anak pada indikator 2, siklus I 55% pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 70%, perkembangan bahasa anak pada indikator 3, siklus I 30%, pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 65%, dan perkembangan bahasa anak pada indikator 4, siklus I 30 %, pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 80%. Pada siklus II perkembangan bahasa anak sudah meningkat, ini dapat dilihat dari hasil nilai yang sudah banyak mendapatkan kategori BSH dan BSB. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa PTK ini berhasil meningkatkan perkembangan bahasa anak dengan permainan menyambung.
PENTINGNYA PENDIDIKAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL LANJUT USIA
Authors: Murlis Murlis
Published: July 2021

Entering old age, people will experience setbacks, especially physically and psychologically. However, this does not mean that changes in physical and psychological conditions make the elderly feel useless, or people who think that the elderly are useless, as argued by Argyo (2007), in many cultures and societies the elderly have a role and position. as a person who is respected, is considered to have more knowledge and experience so that it becomes a place for questions and advice for young people. Changes in systems and structures in society have implications for the role and position of the elderly in the family and society. For example, the change from a broad family form in a traditional society to a nuclear family implies that the elderly will experience life alone. Living conditions themselves are far from the attention of the family and will bring problems to the elderly, especially the elderly who do not have enough economy to meet their daily needs. Elderly people will live in poverty if there is no interaction with other people, causing various diseases in their lives.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MELALUI MEDIA VISUAL PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK (TEMA 1 SUB TEMA 2) DI KELAS I SD NEGERI 04 KAJAI PARIAMAN
Authors: Pindawati Pindawati
Published: July 2021

The low student learning outcomes in Thematic Learning Theme 1, Sub Theme 2 are caused by several factors, including student activities that are lacking in media that does not exist and the lack of source books for students so that it affects the student's involvement in the learning carried out. In this case the researcher as a class conducted a research entitled "Improving Student Learning Outcomes by Using Visual Media in Thematic Learning (Theme 1 Sub Theme 2) in class I SD Negeri 04 Kaja Pariaman" with the formulation of the problem, namely "Can Visual Media Improve the results? Student Learning in Thematic Learning (Theme 1 Sub Theme 2) in Class I SD Negeri 04 Kaja "The purpose of this study is to improve student learning outcomes in learning theme 1 sub theme 2 in class I SD Negeri 04 Kaja." This research was conducted at SD Negeri 04 Kaja in grade I, and was implemented in two cycles. The first cycle consists of two meetings, the second cycle is also held twice. The problems that will be discussed when using this visual media are determined by the teacher as a researcher. After the first cycle using visual media, the results obtained were only at the beginning, namely active students only reached 60%. At the end of the second cycle, there was a significant increase, student learning activities on thematic (Theme 1 Sub Theme 2) and learning outcomes. This can be seen in the ongoing learning and the results of the initial and final tests whose average score is 63 to 88, increases. Thus the use of visual media is very supportive and good in improving student learning outcomes in Thematic learning (Theme 1 Sub Theme 2).
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING DENGAN THINK-PAIR-SHARE PADA SISWA KELAS VIII.I SMP N 3 KOTO BARU
Authors: Novitri Yeni
Published: July 2021

This is a Classroom Action Reserach in an attemp to improve students’ activity in learning Math subject of Grade VIII.1 SMPN 3 Koto Baru on the material of the samenes linear held from September to Desember 2014. The research is formulated in two cycles of twice classroom meetings for each cycle. Every cycle meeting drives four phases; planning, action,observation, and reflection. Instruments applied, are students’ activities observation sheets and questionaires. Analysis technique is Qualitative Descriptive and Percentage. The finding result of the reasearch in average is gained improvement to the students’ learning activity at every matter or each indicator from cycle one to cycle two; it is from 54% to 64%.
PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEDISIPLINAN DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR (SD) DI KORONG RIMBO KARAMBIA, KECAMATAN ULAKAN TAPAKIS, KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Herlina Silvia
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the form of the role of parents in improving discipline and responsibility for children who are still in elementary school (SD) in Korong rimbo karambia, ulakan tapakis sub-district, padang pariaman district, as well as to find out the inhibiting factors for planting discipline and responsibility. answer to elementary school students in Korong rimbo karambia, ulakan tapakih sub-district, padang pariaman district. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis research type. The research focus is a form of child discipline. The activity stage is the planning stage, the implementation stage, and the report result stage, the data sources used are primary and secondary data. The instrument used in this study was an interview guide sheet, data collection procedures, namely observation, interviews and documentation. Checking the validity of the data, namely the triangulation of techniques and triangulation of sources, while the data analysis used was to explain, describe, and describe according to the problem. The results showed that (1) parents still supervise their children both in terms of time and behavior, (2) the inhibiting factor in instilling discipline and responsibility for elementary school students, namely the lack of consistency of parents in providing examples due to the busyness of parents at work.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MATERI KECEPATAN PENERAPAN MODEL REALISTIK MATHEMATICS EDUCATION ( RME ) SISWA KELAS V UPT. SD NEGERI 09 BARINGIN
Authors: Mulyati Afni
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran matematika materi kecepatan sebelum menggunakan model RME (Realistik Mathematics Education) di kelas V UPT. SD Negeri 09 Baringin. (2) Penerapan model RME ( Realistik Mathematic Education ) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada pelajaran matematika materi kecepatan di kelas V UPT. SD Negeri 09 Baringin. (3) Hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran matematika materi kecepatan sesudah menggunakan model RME (Realistik Mathematics Education) di kelas V UPT. SD Negeri 09 Baringin. Jenis penelitian berupa PTK, dengan subjek penelitian kelas V UPT. SD Negeri 09 Baringin. terdiri dari 35 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa: (1) hasil belajar sebelum tindakan hasil nilai rata-rata pada pre test adalah 67,72. Siswa yang tuntas adalah 48,57% (17 peserta didik). (2) hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkan Model RME (Realistik Mathematics Education) pada siklus I nilai rata-rata menjadi 74 atau sebanyak 65,71% (23 peserta didik) yang tuntas. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata siswa siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 82,86 atau sebanyak 85,72% (30 peserta didik) yang tunta belajar. .Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Model RME (Realistik Mathematics Education) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika siswa pada materi Kecepatan hanya di kelas V UPT. SD Negeri 09 Baringin.
MENINGKATKAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MELALUI PENERAPAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) KELAS VI-C UPT. SD NEGERI 01 LIMO KAUM
Authors: Meileni Meileni
Published: July 2021

This research was motivated by the low scores in mathematics at VI-C UPT. SD Negeri 01 Limo Kaum. The purpose of this study is to carry out learning that can improve mathematics learning outcomes through the application of cooperative learning type STAD. This research is in the form of PTK (Classroom Action Research) which consists of 2 (two) cycles. After the first cycle is carried out, then reflection is carried out. The results of the reflection carried out in cycle I conclude that it is necessary to carry out cycle II to improve (1) the implementation of learning which includes: learning media, the active role of researchers in helping students, motivation towards students, building cooperation between students and (2) the results of understanding the lesson mathematics After the second cycle was carried out, the results showed that the use of the STAD Cooperative Learning Type Application. has shown very satisfying results. After the second cycle of learning was carried out, the learning process was using the STAD Cooperative Learning Type Application. very effective to improve learning outcomes in mathematics for students of class VI-C UPT. SD Negeri 01 Limo Kaum. Based on the results of data analysis, in this classroom action research, it was found that the results of student tests at the end of the first cycle of action showed an average value of 75.42 with a percentage of 58.3% absorption. an average of 86.67% with a percentage of absorption reaching 87.5%. Thus it can be concluded that the application of Cooperative Learning Type STAD., In mathematics lessons can improve student understanding and improve student learning outcomes.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN AGREGAT LIMBAH PLASTIK (POLYETHYLENE TEREPHATHALATE) TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON
Authors: Masril Masril , Rizaldo Jefry
Published: July 2021

Plastic Material Plastic waste is a problem that is very often encountered in urban and rural areas. The use of plastic in each year will continue to increase because food and beverage products all use materials made of plastic. However, the plastic in question is plastic that is difficult to contaminate with soil or commonly referred to as inorganic waste, which is difficult to self-destruct. This is what causes the amount of plastic waste to increase.Therefore, to reduce this waste, the volume of this waste is used in the development. Besides, the grain gradation of the aggregate has been determined with the aim of obtaining an increase in the compressive strength of the concrete with the addition of plastic waste. The quality of the concrete to be examined by the authors in this study is fc = 14.5 MPa. In other words, in this study the author tries to compare the compressive strength of concrete between normal concrete and concrete mixed with plastic waste. In this study also used a variation of plastic waste substitution with a ratio of 0%, 5%, 10% to the volume of fine aggregate. For each variation, 2 samples were used which included normal concrete so that the total test object used was 12 tested at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days of concrete.From the results of testing the compressive strength of concrete against normal concrete and mixed concrete with sawdust surian at the age of 28 days, the normal concrete compressive strength is 14.5 MPa, while in the sawdust mixture with a percentage of 5%, the concrete compressive strength is 14.14 MPa. 10% obtained a compressive strength of 17.05 MPa. From this test, it can be concluded that from each of the percentages that are made, the compressive strength increases along with the percentage of the amount of plastic waste added to the concrete mixture. In other words, the greater the percentage of plastic waste used, the higher the compressive strength and quality of the concrete produced.
PERANAN GURU DALAM BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING UNTUK PEBENTUKAN NILAI MORAL PADA PESERTA DIDIK DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: BP Silvia Anggreni , Ekasyafutra Ekasyafutra , Suhaili Neviyarni , Mudjiran Mudjiran , Nirwana Herman
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran guru dalam bimbingan konseling bagi pembentukan nilai moral pada siswa di sekolah dasar. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa bimbingan konseling yang dilakukan oleh guru mampu mengembangkan moral yang nilai-nilai dari siswa. Peran guru dalam pelaksanaan bimbingan konseling adalah membimbing, mengingatkan, memberi nasehat dan memberikan motivasi kepada siswa, memberikan penanaman konsep demokrasi, mengembangkan pemahaman diri melalui kehidupan siswa . Selain itu, guru juga melakukan pembiasaan nilai-nilai akhlak kepada siswa.
PENCATATAN PERKAWINAN YANG SAH MENURUT HUKUM PERDATA YANG BERLANDASAKAN UNDANG-UNDANG TENTANG PERKAWINAN
Authors: Putri Prima Resi
Published: July 2021

Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage has regulated the registration of marriages, detailed in Article 2 of Law Number 1 of 1974. Provisions regarding this registration are further regulated in detail in Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975 as a regulation for implementing Law Law No. 1/1974. Registration of marriages of those who are Muslim is carried out by Registrar as interpreted in Law Number 32 of 1954. The fact is that in the midst of the community many people still do not register their marriages at the authorized institutions. Resulting in unfavorable consequences for women or the wife and children born. The research method used is normative juridical legal research. The registration of a marriage is intended as an authentic means of proof with the evidence that a marriage can be prevented or canceled. This painting is not a valid marriage or not a marriage that occurs is only for administrative order only. The law requires each marriage to be recorded according to the applicable laws and regulations which means that a marriage is an important social event, therefore it is necessary to be recorded in a record provided specifically for that and to make the event an clear events for the concerned person or others.
KAJIAN STRUKTUR SOSIAL MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DI EKOSISTEM PESISIR (Study of Social Structure of the Fisherman Community in Coastal Ecosystem)
Authors: Handrina Emi
Published: July 2021

Research aim is to analyse any social changes and dynamic of space capacity and critical point of social structure in coastal ecosystem. The main factor of structural change is external factor of structural formation (individu , system), or increase of community access to the change of local social environment, and external social environment.

Dynamics of space capacity of social structure in coastal ecosystem of Bungus Teluk Kabung Padang during periode of research can be explained through the two indicators, objective and subjective. There are a general critical point and a special critical point.

This results explain that a evolution theory suggest a high possibility to be synthesized with any other theories, e.g. a conflict theory, an equilibrium theory, and a “timbul-tenggelam” theory. The synthesis process is an operational stage in a schematic mapping of theories by Appelbaum. Dynamics of social structure must be known bt any goverment and NGO, which have any development plans in the fisherman community.
Epidemiology of Myopia in Children of the Russian Federation and Analysis of Its Control Methods
Authors: Myagkov A. V. , Poskrebysheva Zh. N. , Zhabina O. A. , Myagkov D. A.
Published: July 2021

The increasing prevalence of myopia is observed all over the world, and Russia is no exception. In this regard, obtaining new data on its epidemiology among children and assessing methods of its control in real clinical practice are highly topical matters.

Purpose. The purpose of this work was to assess the current issues of the epidemiology and treatment of progressive myopia in children in various regions of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. We conducted a prospective multicenter epidemiological observational questionnaire study. This study involved 106 doctors from 53 regions of Russia and 2931 parents of myopic children.

Results. 50% of the surveyed doctors noted that the manifestation of myopia is diagnosed in children aged 10–12 years, while 43% noted the same in children aged 7–9 years. According to 74.5% of doctors, the degree of the newly diagnosed myopia ranges from –1.25 to –3.00 diopters, 25.5% of doctors reported that it is below –1.0 diopters. The majority of doctors (73.6%) assess accommodation in myopic children, considering it one of the progression factors. 52.9% of ophthalmologists prescribe optical correction in cases when monocular distance visual acuity amounts to 0.6 (decimal scale) or lower values, while 29.2%, 16% and 1.9% of the surveyed ophthalmologists prescribe optical correction in cases when monocular distance visual acuity amounts to 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 respectively.

The following optical methods for juvenile myopia control are recommended by the doctors: orthokeratology contact lenses (53.8%), spectacles for full correction (51.9%), peripheral defocus-inducing (bifocal) soft contact lenses (18.9%), while 4.7% of the surveyed doctors utilized other methods of myopia control, which were not indicated in the questionnaire.

Conclusion. In most cases, manifestation of myopia is diagnosed in children aged 7–12 years. Its degree ranges from –1.25 to –3.0 diopters, which indicates its late diagnosis; optical correction is prescribed mainly in cases when monocular distance visual acuity is 0.6 or lower; most ophthalmologists assess accommodation in myopic children, considering it a progression factor. As methods of myopia control, doctors utilize optical correction, device-assisted therapy and pharmacological treatment of accommodative disorders, while parents prefer methods that require minimum time expenditures.
Exosomes Derived From Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Radiation-Induced Brain Injury by Activating the SIRT1 Pathway
Authors: Liu Mengdong , Yang Yunshu , Zhao Bin , Yang Yuefan , Wang Jing , Shen Kuo , Yang Xuekang , Hu Dahai , Zheng Guoxu , Han Juntao
Published: July 2021

Objective

Studies have shown that the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mediated in a paracrine manner, mainly through extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. Here, we designed a study to investigate whether exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC-Exos) had protective effects in a rat model of radiation-induced brain injury and in microglia.

Methods

Male adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the radiation group (30 Gy), and the radiation + exosomes group (30 Gy + 100 ug exosomes). Meanwhile, microglia were divided into four groups: the control group, the radiation group (10 Gy), the radiation + exosomes group (10 Gy + 4 ug exosomes), and radiation + exosomes + EX527 group (10 Gy + 4 ug exosomes + 100 nM EX527). Tissue samples and the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in each group were compared.

Results

Statistical analysis showed that after irradiation, ADMSC-Exos intervention in vivo significantly reduced the levels of caspase-3, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and promoted the recovery of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), IL-4, and IL-10. Moreover, ADMSC-Exos intervention inhibited microglial infiltration and promoted the expression of SIRT1. Furthermore, the results in vitro showed that the above effects of ADMSC-Exos could be reversed by SIRT-1 inhibitor EX527.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that ADMSC-Exos exerted protective effects against radiation-induced brain injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and microglial infiltration via activating the SIRT1 pathway. ADMSC-Exos may serve as a promising therapeutic tool for radiation-induced brain injury.
Hypo-Expression of Tuberin Promotes Adenomyosis via the mTOR1-Autophagy Axis
Authors: Gu Ni-Hao , Li Guo-Jing , Yang Bing-Xin , You Min , Lin Yu , Sun Feng , Xu Hong
Published: July 2021

Adenomyosis (AM) is a disease in which endometrial tissue invades the myometrium and has a 10–60% prevalence in reproductive-aged women. TSC2 regulates autophagy via mTOR1 signalling in colorectal cancer and endometrial carcinoma. Dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in adenomyosis pathogenesis. However, whether TSC2 participates in adenomyosis via autophagy remains obscure. Here, we found that the expression of TSC2 in adenomyosis was significantly decreased than that in normal endometrium during the secretory phase. Moreover, TSC2 and autophagy marker expression was significantly lower in ectopic lesions than in eutopic samples. TSC2 downregulation inhibited autophagy through mTOR1 signalling pathway activation in endometrial cells, leading to excessive proliferation, migration, and EMT; TSC2 overexpression induced the opposite effects. Rapamycin treatment suppressed cell proliferation, migration and EMT in the absence of TSC2. In parallel, an autophagy-specific inhibitor (SAR-405) restored migration and EMT under rapamycin treatment in TSC2-knockdown Ishikawa cells. Finally, SAR-405 treatment promoted EMT and migration of overexpressing cells. Collectively, our results suggest that TSC2 controls endometrial epithelial cell migration and EMT by regulating mTOR1-autophagy axis activation and that hypo-expression of TSC2 in the endometrium might promote adenomyosis.
The p53 Family: A Role in Lipid and Iron Metabolism
Authors: Laubach Kyra , Zhang Jin , Chen Xinbin
Published: July 2021

The p53 family of tumor suppressors, which includes p53, p63, and p73, has a critical role in many biological processes, such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation. In addition to tumor suppression, the p53 family proteins also participate in development, multiciliogenesis, and fertility, indicating these proteins have diverse roles. In this review, we strive to cover the relevant studies that demonstrate the roles of p53, p63, and p73 in lipid and iron metabolism.
Near-Infrared-II Cyanine/Polymethine Dyes, Current State and Perspective
Authors: Du Yijing , Liu Xiangping , Zhu Shoujun
Published: July 2021

The development of near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging has implemented real-time detection of biological cells, tissues and body, monitoring the disease processes and even enabling the direct conduct of surgical procedures. NIR-II fluorescence imaging provides better imaging contrast and penetration depth, benefiting from the reducing photon scattering, light absorption and autofluorescence. The majority of current NIR-II fluorophores suffer from uncontrollable emission wavelength and low quantum yields issues, impeding the clinical translation of NIR-II bioimaging. By lengthening the polymethine chain, tailoring heterocyclic modification and conjugating electron-donating groups, cyanine dyes have been proved to be ideal NIR-II fluorophores with both tunable emission and brightness. However, a simpler and faster method for synthesizing NIR-II dyes with longer wavelengths and better stability still needs to be explored. This minireview will outline the recent progress of cyanine dyes with NIR-II emission, particularly emphasizing their pharmacokinetic enhancement and potential clinical translation.
Spiropyran-Based Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Fagan Andrew , Bartkowski Michał , Giordani Silvia
Published: July 2021

Nanocarriers are rapidly growing in popularity in the field of drug delivery. The ability of nanocarriers to encapsulate and distribute poorly soluble drugs while minimising their undesired effects is significantly advantageous over traditional drug delivery. Nanocarriers can also be decorated with imaging moieties and targeting agents, further incrementing their functionality. Of recent interest as potential nanocarriers are spiropyrans; a family of photochromic molecular switches. Due to their multi-responsiveness to endo- and exogenous stimuli, and their intrinsic biocompatibility, they have been utilised in various drug delivery systems (DDSs) to date. In this review, we provide an overview of the developments in spiropyran-based DDSs. The benefits and drawbacks of utilising spiropyrans in drug delivery are assessed and an outline of spiropyran-based drug delivery systems is presented.
Case Report: Co-occurrence of Myocarditis and Thrombotic Microangiopathy Limited to the Heart in a COVID-19 Patient
Authors: Menter Thomas , Cueni Nadine , Gebhard Eva Caroline , Tzankov Alexandar
Published: July 2021

We report on an impressive case of a previously healthy 47-year-old female Caucasian SARS-CoV-2 positive patient who died within 48 h after initial cardiac symptoms. Autopsy revealed necrotizing myocarditis and extensive microthrombosis as the cause of death. The interesting feature of this case is the combination of both myocarditis and extensive localized microthrombosis of cardiac capillaries. Microthrombosis was not present in other organs, and the patient did not show typical features of diffuse alveolar damage in the lungs. Taken together, our morphologic findings illustrate the angiocentric, microangiopathic, thromboinflammatory disease with significant thrombotic diathesis prevalent in COVID-19, which has been previously described in the literature, likely warranting thromboprophylaxis even in oligosymptomatic circumstances. This case also delineates several potential etiologies for microthrombosis, i.e., inflammatory reactions and primary hypercoagulative states. Further systematic analyses on risk stratification for receipt of prophylactic anticoagulation in COVID-19 are urgently required.
COVID-19 Impacts on Teaching and Learning: A Collaborative Autoethnography by Two Higher Education Lecturers
Authors: Godber Kathleen Ann , Atkins Denise Robyn
Published: July 2021

The phenomenon of the Covid-19 lockdown in New Zealand during 2020 enabled two Higher Education (HE) lecturers to reflect on grappling with new technologies, changes in lifestyle and livelihoods, and the impact that social isolation had on Bachelor of Sport and Recreation (BSR) students as they shifted to emergency “remote” teaching and learning. This paper presents personal narratives, authored collaboratively by lecturers Anna and Hana (pseudonyms), engaging with a socio-ecological systems framework. The systems framework presents a layered, multi-faceted approach to reveal the complexity of the impacts of Covid-19 on HE teaching and learning. In-depth analysis of the microsystems, mesosystems, and macrosystems making up their systems framework, serve to highlight specifically how Anna and Hana interpreted their own and their university students’ responses to the unprecedented measures imposed on their lifestyle (home), livelihood (employment), and HE experience (online learning). By applying an autoethnographic methodology, this paper acknowledges and celebrates the lecturers’ subjectivity, emotionality, and influence on the presented research. As educators, their critical self-reflections are authentic and timely, expressing key concerns and considerations, while searching for optimal solutions to deliver equal and equitable learning opportunities for all students. A unique characteristic of this phenomenon was the inability (due to COVID-19 restrictions) of students who learn through practical contexts, to enact kinesthetically in a meaningful manner, and the subsequent implications on their learning. This paper presents a snippet of the lecturers’ reflective practice, co-constructed from recollections, memories, and anecdotal evidence, against a backdrop of current Covid-19 research on the effects of the pandemic, on teaching and learning globally. Whilst this paper sheds light on the experiences of two HE lecturers during the COVID-19 lockdown, a collection and analysis of “student” voice, is recommended. This paper concludes that a collaborative autoethnographic approach during exceptional circumstances, such as natural disasters, pandemics, and other disruptive situations, provides an opportunity for professional self-observation and self-reflective practice that is mutually beneficial, and empowering. These insights provide shared critical knowledge to sustain achievement while averting negative impacts, for students and lecturers alike.
Sex Differences in Biopsy-Confirmed Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang Yiting , Zhang Jue , Zhang Junlin , Wu Yucheng , Zhang Rui , Ren Honghong , Cooper Mark E. , Liu Fang
Published: July 2021

Background

To investigate the association between sex differences and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with biopsy-confirmed diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Method

We performed a retrospective cohort study. A total of 336 patients with biopsy-confirmed DKD who were followed up for at least 12 months were enrolled. Baseline clinical and pathological data at the time of biopsy were collected. ESKD was defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <15 ml/min/1.73 m2or initiation of renal replacement therapy. The association between sex differences and ESKD was assessed using the log-rank test and Cox regression.

Result

There were 239 (71%) male and 97 (29%) female patients in our cohort. Female patients had higher systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with male. There were a lower proportion of female patients in the very high risk grade according to the chronic kidney disease categories (37% of female vs. 44% of male). During a median follow-up time of 20 months, 101 (57.7%) male and 43 (44.3%) female entered into ESKD, with no significant difference by the log-rank test (P >0.05). Univariate [male: hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)], 1.005, (0.702–1.439)] and multivariable ([male: HR (95%CI), 1.164, (0.675–2.007)]. Cox regression further showed that sex difference was not significantly associated with ESKD.

Conclusion

Female patients had the higher systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-C, compared with male patients. However, there was no significant association observed between sex difference and ESKD in our study.
Tunisian Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young: A Short Review and a New Molecular and Clinical Investigation
Authors: Moalla Mariam , Safi Wajdi , Babiker Mansour Maab , Hadj Kacem Mohamed , Mahfood Mona , Abid Mohamed , Kammoun Thouraya , Hachicha Mongia , Mnif-Feki Mouna , Hadj Kacem Faten , Hadj Kacem Hassen
Published: July 2021

Introduction/Aims

Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a monogenic non-autoimmune diabetes with 14 different genetic forms. MODY-related mutations are rarely found in the Tunisian population. Here, we explored MODY related genes sequences among seventeen unrelated Tunisian probands qualifying the MODY clinical criteria.

Materials and Methods

The GCK and HNF1A genes were systematically analyzed by direct sequencing in all probands. Then, clinical exome sequencing of 4,813 genes was performed on three unrelated patients. Among them, 130 genes have been reported to be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, β-cell development, differentiation and function. All identified variants were analyzed according to their frequencies in the GnomAD database and validated by direct sequencing.

Results

We identified the previously reported GCK mutation (rs1085307455) in one patient. The clinical features of the MODY2 proband were similar to previous reports. In this study, we revealed rare and novel alterations in GCK (rs780806456) and ABCC8 (rs201499958) genes with uncertain significance. We also found two likely benign alterations in HNF1A (rs1800574) and KLF11 (rs35927125) genes with minor allele frequencies similar to those depicted in public databases. No pathogenic variants have been identified through clinical exome analysis.

Conclusions

The most appropriate patients were selected, following a strict clinical screening approach, for genetic testing. However, the known MODY1-13 genes could not explain most of the Tunisian MODY cases, suggesting the involvement of unidentified genes in the majority of Tunisian affected families.
Does Social Trust Stimulate Regional Eco-Efficiency? Evidence From China
Authors: Yan Youliang , Cheng Jixin , Wang Yunmin , Li Yating
Published: July 2021

Ecological efficiency is an important part of economic sustainable development. As the transitional economy with “weak institution” features, the informal institutions have a vital role in China’s economic development. Using panel data from 2001 to 2016, this paper estimates eco-efficiency of China’s 30 provinces based on Super-SBM DEA with global Malmquist index and investigates the governance role of a typical informal institution, namely social trust, in regional eco-efficiency. Empirical results show the following: 1) From 2001 to 2016, the accumulated changes of regional eco-efficiency are all greater than 1, indicating that all provinces in China are actively changing its development mode to improve eco-efficiency. 2) Social trust plays a significantly positive role in improving regional eco-efficiency. 3) Moreover, this effect is more pronounced in regions with poor legal development. 4) The mechanism tests further show that social trust can improve regional eco-efficiency through promoting regional green innovation and developing regional finance. Our findings shed light on the implications of informal institutions, and in particular on the value of social trust in realizing green economic development in emerging market.
Graph Neural Networks and Their Current Applications in Bioinformatics
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Meng , Liang Li , Liu Lin , Tang Ming-Jing
Published: July 2021

Graph neural networks (GNNs), as a branch of deep learning in non-Euclidean space, perform particularly well in various tasks that process graph structure data. With the rapid accumulation of biological network data, GNNs have also become an important tool in bioinformatics. In this research, a systematic survey of GNNs and their advances in bioinformatics is presented from multiple perspectives. We first introduce some commonly used GNN models and their basic principles. Then, three representative tasks are proposed based on the three levels of structural information that can be learned by GNNs: node classification, link prediction, and graph generation. Meanwhile, according to the specific applications for various omics data, we categorize and discuss the related studies in three aspects: disease prediction, drug discovery, and biomedical imaging. Based on the analysis, we provide an outlook on the shortcomings of current studies and point out their developing prospect. Although GNNs have achieved excellent results in many biological tasks at present, they still face challenges in terms of low-quality data processing, methodology, and interpretability and have a long road ahead. We believe that GNNs are potentially an excellent method that solves various biological problems in bioinformatics research.
RETRACTED: A Psychosocial Exploration of Body Dissatisfaction: A Narrative Review With a Focus on India During COVID-19
Authors: Ahuja Kanika K. , Banerjee Debanjan
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 has been an unprecedented global crisis. Besides the public health impact, the pandemic necessitated measures, such as quarantine, travel restrictions, and lockdown, that have had a huge effect on digital screen time, dietary habits, lifestyle measures, and exposure to food-related advertising. At the same time, a reduction in physical activity, an increase of social media consumption, and an increase in fitness tutorials during the lockdown have contributed to body image issues. Emerging evidence from India suggests that peer conversations about appearance as negative body talk (fat talk) is particularly salient in contributing to body dissatisfaction and body perception ideals, which are more prevalent in women. Even though there has been an increase in research on the psychosocial impact of COVID-19, its influence on body image perceptions and consequent distress have been stigmatized and classified as under-spoken areas. With this background, this article reviews research on the biopsychosocial factors that influence body dissatisfaction among women, particularly the role of media. It also highlights the development of body image concerns in India, one of the worst-hit countries in the pandemic, through liberalization, importing Western notions of body instrumentality, demographic shift, and resultant social changes. Finally, the psychosocial strategies for positive body image ideas to prevent and mitigate the adverse effects of body dissatisfaction are discussed, particularly those that focus on cognitive behavioral techniques (CBTs) from the perspectives of positive psychology, media literacy programs, and involvement of the media. Interventions and further research to address body dissatisfaction among women, especially in the post-COVID aftermath, need to be a recognized as a public health goal.
COVID-19 Pandemic Worsening Gender Inequalities for Women and Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Hagan John Elvis , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Schack Thomas
Published: July 2021

Pandemics such as COVID-19 have often resulted in international, national and sub-regional crises, with considerable inequities across many societies. With the already existing structural and socio-economic inequalities in sub-Saharan Africa, the stay-at-home orders, lockdowns, and shutdowns across the sub-regional states could worsen and have a tremendous impact on vulnerable groups. Numerous studies across a variety of contexts have well-documented gender, and cultures on varied health outcomes. However, these have not been contextualized in sub-Saharan Africa in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This mini review discusses the ways by which COVID-19 has impacted the lives of girls and women across sub-Saharan Africa and the strategies that can help mitigate these challenges. The mini review specifically shares light on a wide array of dimensions where the inequities exist. These include the disproportionate areas affected by COVID-19; household inequities; educational inequalities; work/employment inequalities; disparities related to healthcare, sexual and reproductive health as well as housing inequities. Conclusively, the review accentuates the need for sub-Saharan African countries to adopt low-cost preventive measures such as discouraging mass gatherings (e.g., local community gatherings), and face masking with non-medical cloth like masks for the local populace as these are crucial in managing the spread of the virus among disproportionate women population. For localities with limited access to handwashing facilities, alternative strategies like alcohol-based hand rub solutions could be deployed. The complex interrelated disparities require a broad set of policy actions to lessen the current burden faced by many women in sub-Saharan Africa.
In Situ Pre-Treatment of Vascularized Composite Allografts With a Targeted Complement Inhibitor Protects Against Brain Death and Ischemia Reperfusion Induced Injuries
Authors: Lei Biao , Sleiman M. Mahdi , Cheng Qi , Tu Zhenxiao , Zhu Peng , Goddard Martin , Martins Paulo N. , Langerude Logan , Nadig Satish , Tomlinson Stephen , Atkinson Carl
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Donor brain death (BD) is an unavoidable component of vascularized composite allograft (VCA) transplantation and a key contributor to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Complement is activated and deposited within solid organ grafts as a consequence of BD and has been shown to exacerbate IRI, although the role of BD and complement in VCA and the role it plays in IRI and VCA rejection has not been studied.

Methods

BD was induced in Balb/c donors, and the VCA perfused prior to graft procurement with UW solution supplemented with or without CR2-Crry, a C3 convertase complement inhibitor that binds at sites of complement activation, such as that induced on the endothelium by induction of BD. Following perfusion, donor VCAs were cold stored for 6 hours before transplantation into C57BL/6 recipients. Donor VCAs from living donors (LD) were also procured and stored. Analyses included CR2-Crry graft binding, complement activation, toxicity, injury/inflammation, graft gene expression and survival.

Results

Compared to LD VCAs, BD donor VCAs had exacerbated IRI and rejected earlier. Following pretransplant in-situ perfusion of the donor graft, CR2-Crry bound within the graft and was retained post-transplantation. CR2-Crry treatment significantly reduced complement deposition, inflammation and IRI as compared to vehicle-treated BD donors. Treatment of BD donor VCAs with CR2-Crry led to an injury profile not dissimilar to that seen in recipients of LD VCAs.

Conclusion

Pre-coating a VCA with CR2-Crry in a clinically relevant treatment paradigm provides localized, and therefore minimally immunosuppressive, protection from the complement-mediated effects of BD induced exacerbated IRI.