bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pragmatismo, conhecimento e currículo: para além do objetivismo e do relativismo
Authors: Biesta Gert
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo, apresentado na Conferência de abertura do "VII Seminário sobre a Produção do Conhecimento em Educação - Política Educacional do Século XXI: paradoxos, limites e possibilidades", 7-9 de outubro de 2013, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Brasil, discute a questão do currículo e de sua relação com o conhecimento, com a pedagogia e com o conceito de coordenação. O pragmatismo e, de forma mais específica, as ideias do filósofo norte-americano John Dewey são o referencial por meio do qual essas questões serão problematizadas. A análise aponta para a necessidade de se compreender a relação entre o currículo e o conhecimento de forma pragmática e não relativista, engajada com a resolução dos problemas humanos.Palavras-chave: Conhecimento. Currículo. Pragmatismo.
Gerencialismo, controle e administração da escola pública portuguesa: apontamentos para uma reflexão crítica
Authors: Martins Fernanda
Published: August 2018

No presente texto, num primeiro momento, trazemos para discussão a introdução ao campo da educação de tendências gerencialistas. Neste cenário, identificamos, na realidade portuguesa, a partir dos anos noventa, componentes de tais tendências na administração da escola, ainda que combinadas a outras lógicas, designadamente o controle pela tutela sobre as organizações escolares. Para além dessa análise, situada no plano das orientações para a ação, num segundo momento, privilegiamos o plano da ação, e, nesse contexto, procuramos conhecer e refletir sobre as perspectivas dos professores quanto às mudanças ocorridas na gestão da escola. Com esse objetivo, realizamos, em 2006/2007, um conjunto de entrevistas com professores de uma escola pública do ensino secundário. Os seus discursos apontam para uma concepção de gestão de escola sujeita aos princípios da eficácia, eficiência e competição e apontam para a centralidade do órgão de gestão no interior da escola. Apresentamos, apenas a título hipotético, que, a partir dessa centralidade, será mais fácil e operacional a tutela exercer o controle sobre essas organizações.Palavras-chave: Administração das escolas. Concentração e poderes. Gerencialismo. Realidade portuguesa.
O Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e as influências da realidade socioeconômica no contexto escolar do aluno
Authors: Guindani Evandro Ricardo , Koga Yáscara Michele Neves , Grendene Francine
Published: August 2018

A presente pesquisa visa contribuir com investigações acerca da realidade socioeconômica das famílias e sua influência no rendimento escolar dos alunos. A problemática deste estudo está focada na relação entre indicadores educacionais e indicadores socioeconômicos. A relação entre o nível socioeconômico familiar e os resultados obtidos pelos alunos da Escola Municipal Ângelo Anzollin no município de Vargem Bonita (SC), na Prova Brasil aponta que a disparidade entre a riqueza produzida no município e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano pode ser determinante para o desempenho dos alunos na Prova Brasil e, principalmente, no rendimento escolar. Os resultados da pesquisa contribuíram para compreender que o sucesso ou fracasso escolar do aluno não está ligado apenas ao ambiente e à infraestrutura proporcionada pela escola, tampouco somente à qualificação docente. É necessário um olhar mais apurado às condições familiares, sociais, econômicas e culturais para apreender a complexidade do sucesso e do fracasso escolar. A pesquisa contribuiu para uma reflexão crítica sobre os resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica demonstrando que a qualidade de ensino precisa ser problematizada e pensada dentro de uma perspectiva socioeconômica e não apenas pedagógica.Palavras-chave: Escola. Família. IDEB. Realidade socioeconômica.
Diversidade sexual e docência na produção do Grupo de Trabalho 23 da ANPEd (2004/2011)
Authors: Ferreira Márcia Ondina Vieira , Santos Luciano Pereira dos
Published: August 2018

Apresentam-se resultados de um estado da arte da produção sobre gênero e sexualidades publicada na Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação, focada, no caso deste artigo, em análises relatadas no Grupo de Trabalho 23 (Gênero, Sexualidade e Educação) sobre os posicionamentos docentes relativos à diversidade sexual na escola. O corpus documental desta pesquisa compreende o período de 2004 a 2011. Os estudos selecionados retratam um cenário no qual o posicionamento docente, no que tange às manifestações de homoafetividade ou de homofobia no ambiente escolar, configura-se como instável e empenhado em manter os conceitos heteronormativos de relações sexuais e afetivas.Palavras-chave: ANPEd. Diversidade sexual. Homofobia. Pesquisa bibliográfica. Produção científica. Trabalho docente.
Educação física escolar, esportes e normalização: o dispositivo de gênero e a regulação de experiências corporais
Authors: Prado Vagner Matias do , Ribeiro Arilda Ines Miranda
Published: August 2018

As práticas da educação física escolar podem contribuir para a marcação social de diferenças baseadas no gênero e na sexualidade e hierarquizar os sujeitos a partir da atribuição de critérios como macho/fêmea, masculino/feminino e heterossexual/homossexual. Com o aporte dos estudos de inclinação pós-estruturalista e teoria queer problematizamos como as normas de gênero regulam suas intervenções pedagógicas a partir da implementação dos conteúdos esportivos. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, geramos narrativas sobre experiências de homossexuais quando cursaram aulas de educação física na educação básica. Os resultados permitem inferir que os esportes são comumente inseridos nas aulas dentro de um modelo de rendimento, competitividade e exclusão baseados na ótica do gênero. Essa inserção carrega valores de inferiorização do considerado como feminino e estigmatização de homens que não performatizam o ideal de masculinidade e virilidade preconizado por algumas práticas esportivas.Palavras-chave: Educação física escolar. Gênero. Homossexualidades. Narrativas.
Modos de ensinar e aprender a ser menina e a ser menino
Authors: Campos Patrícia Lemos , Silva Elenita Pinheiro de Queiroz
Published: August 2018

A Caderneta de Saúde do Adolescente constitui material de uma das ações de política pública do Ministério da Saúde em parceira com o Ministério da Educação no Brasil voltada para a vida do adolescente. Objetiva apoiar meninos e meninas naquilo que os órgãos oficiais responsáveis por sua produção denominam de fase de mudanças e descobertas próprias da adolescência. Neste artigo, parte de uma dissertação, apresentam-se a análise da caderneta, seu efeito na vida dos/as adolescentes e o que eles e elas compreendem sobre sexualidade. A fundamentação teórica pauta-se nos estudos de sexualidade, gênero e educação e na perspectiva de discurso e sexualidade a partir das obras de Michel Foucault. Os resultados indicam que a caderneta reproduz discursos que reafirmam a visão essencializada da sexualidade e do gênero e não considera, em seus textos e imagens, a diversidade sexual e de gênero. Tais discursos são reverberados nas falas dos/as adolescentes participantes da pesquisa.Palavras-chave: Caderneta de saúde. Gênero. Sexualidade.
Las cerámicas de los hermanos Tidei de Grottaferrata
Authors: Maestri Diego
Published: August 2018

Entre 1921-1940, los hermanos Augusto y Eolo Udei revitalizaron la tradición de la industria cerámica italiana, en unos momentos en los que el ambiente romano de finales del XIX y primer tercio del XX ya había protagonizodo una interesante transición estética desde el Liberty al Art Déco en el diseño y concepción plástica de las piezas. Asimismo, ambos creadores aportaron al arte cerámico gran variedad de tipologías y singularidad de formas, en consonancia con la calidad de las decoraciones y la espontaneidad y frescura realista en el tratamiento de los temas antropomórficos y animalísticos que pueblan sus obras.
El Estado Borghesiano y la Villa Mondragone
Authors: Strollo Rodolfo
Published: August 2018

Dominado por la Villa Mondragone, el complejo sistema residencial ideado por los Borghese -Status Burghesianum- en las proximidades de la aristocrática Frascati, constituye uno de los más importantes núcleos del conjunto de las Villas Tuscolanas, debido a su importancia histórica, prestigio e influjo en el posterior devenir urbano de los Montes Albanos. No podemos entender este complejo arquitectónico sino desde la consideración de cada una de sus partes como elementos sometidos a una idea genérica de conjunto único. La sistematización de los diferentes núcleos independientes que lo componen dibuja un esquema decididamente anticlásico en el que cobran especial significación los aspectos paisajísticos.
El Colegio Jesuítico de San Sebastián en Málaga (II)
Authors: Solo Artuñedo Wenceslao
Published: August 2018

Parece que el autor del diseño definitivo del edificio fue Pedro Pérez, que trabajó sobre lo delineado por Valeriano y Villalpando. La construcción del pabellón de residencia de los jesuitas fue iniciada por el mismo Pedro Pérez y finalizada por Pedro Sandez en 1607. Las obras de la iglesia fueron dirigidas por Jorge Zamora, Alonso Matías y Díaz de Rivera y se inauguró en 1630. Mediado el siglo XVII se añadió el edificio de las aulas.
La imagen de América en el Islario General de Alonso de Santa Cruz (c. 1545)
Authors: Morales Folguera José Miguel
Published: August 2018

El presente trabajo destaca la importancia del Islario General de Alonso de Santa Cruz en el marco de los trabajos cartográficos y la literatura renacentista ocupados en la descripción y representación de los variopintos territorios y ciudades que configuraban el Imperio español en el siglo XVI. Su texto manuscrito, al cual se incorporan numerosas cartas planas dibujadas y coloreadas, aúnan el saber de la época con la experiencia personal del autor y su profundo conocimiento de la geografía americana.
La ciudad soñada, la ciudad pintada. Influencias de la escenografía en la configuración urbana durante el Antiguo Régimen
Authors: González Román Carmen
Published: August 2018

A través del análisis de las arquitecturas del Renacimiento y su oportuno reflejo en la teoría y proyectiva de los tratados, la práctica edilicia y escenográfica y la misma utopia de la ciudad, la autora traza una concluyente panorámica histórica que contempla en las diferentes posibilidades de las ornamentación pintada, la plasmación de un deseo de renovación y "sustitución" de la ciudad real y cotidiana por la sugestiva visión de la ciudad que aspira a convertirse en la ciudad soñada.
Acercamiento al pensamiento estético de Oscar Wilde: hacia una teoría del arte moderno
Authors: Sánchez Luque María
Published: August 2018

El pensamiento artístico de Oscar Wilde supone una valiosa aportación al campo de la Estética moderna. Sus postulados en torno a la autonomía del arte derivan en una nueva concepción de belleza concreta y una valoración del artista como creador de formas. En este contexto teórico, la crítica juega un papel decisivo. Y el esteticismo vital profetiza ya el arte de Vanguardia.
Dos maestros del cómic actual: Carlos Giménez y Miguel Ángel Martín
Authors: Montijano Canellas Marc
Published: August 2018

Estas líneas proponen un paseo razonado por la vida y la obra de dos magníficos dibujantes, de la mano de quien, quizás, mejor puede trazarlo, ellos mismos. Carlos Giménez y Miguel Ángel Martín pertenecen a dos generaciones diferentes del mundo del cómic. Podría decirse que el primero abrió camino en los años sesenta y setenta y el segundo lo ha desgarrado en los noventa. En definitiva, nos encontramos ante dos genios indiscutibles del cómic español que se analizan en este trabajo.
El Padrino de Francis Ford Coppola (1972). Análisis técnico y estético
Authors: Godoy Navas Gema , Sánchez Fernández Antonio Simón
Published: August 2018

Este artículo plantea un análisis estético y técnico de la película "El Padrino" (The Godfather; 1972) de Francis Ford Coppola en el 30 aniversario de su estreno. Coppola une tradición, modernidad y cine espectáculo en esta película considerada como el último ejemplo del cine clásico americano.
Basquiat y El Bosco recuperados. El mito de la culpa y la caída en imágenes de vídeo-clip: "Until it sleeps", Metallica, 1996
Authors: Sánchez López Juan Antonio
Published: August 2018

A lo largo de los siglos, el sentimiento de culpa del ser humano y la presunta "pérdida" de su origen divino, consecuencia de la caída en desgracia ante el Ser Supremo provocada por el Pecado Original, han constituido sugestivos motivos de reflexión para la Literatura y el Arte. Como no podía ser menos, la creación mediática se ha hecho también eco de tales pensamientos, adaptándolos a los intereses de las subculturas juveniles y tribus urbanas y al formato de los cauces expresivos radiovisuales, según se infiere del análisis del vídeo-clip rodado por Samuel Bayer para el tema Until it sleeps de una banda tan carismática dentro del heavy-metal como Metallica.
Las pinturas sobre tabla de la iglesia de San Felipe de Málaga. Nuevas atribuciones
Authors: Sánchez-Lafuente Gémar Rafael
Published: August 2018

La historia de estas pinturas hasta su instalación definitiva en torno a 1730 en la iglesia de San Felipe Neri está asociada a José Francisco Guerrero Chavarino, primer conde de Buenavista, y a su hijo y heredero del título Antonio Tomás Guerrero Coronado. La referencia documental más antigua figura en el inventario de los bienes del padre, realizado tras su muerte en Madrid en 1699.
La Gestión del Patrimonio Cultural. La transmisión de un legado
Authors: Calderón Roca Belén
Published: August 2018

A finales del año pasado y durante tres días se pudo asistir a un excelente evento organizado por la Fundación del Patrimonio Histórico de Castilla y León, en el que se dieron cita profesionales de la gestión del Patrimonio Cultural pertenecientes a diferentes ámbitos de trabajo y procedentes de diversas regiones y países.
Jornadas sobre Planeamiento Urbanístico y Patrimonio Cultural
Authors: Sánchez Luque María
Published: August 2018

La Fundación Casas Históricas y Singulares congregó en la sede de la Fundación Ramón Areces a sobresalientes expertos de la gestión y rehabilitación de inmuebles históricos, con el fin de debatir la incidencia de los planeamientos urbanos en el mismo.Esta fundación realiza al día de hoy una encomiable labor de asesoramiento y apoyo a los particulares, así como una defensa sin tregua del Patrimonio Cultural. Una de sus tareas de información y difusión de la problemática patrimonial es la organización de jornadas de esta naturaleza.
Rinascimento. Capolavori dei musei italiani
Authors: Vera Vallejo Igor , Montiel Navarro Juan Antonio
Published: August 2018

A pesar de las diversas acepciones implícitas en el término, Renacimiento constituye en nuestros días una categoría histórica ajena a cualquier juicio de valor. Obsoletas ciertas convenciones historiográficas de raíz vasariana, a nadie escapa hoy, sin embargo, que el Renacimiento italiano, como supraestructura sociocultural, representa uno de los momentos cenitales de la historia de la civilización occidental, sobre la que tantas "luces" ha arrojado. Una visión de conjunto de la compleja evolución artística de dos siglos fascinantes se situó en el objeto de una muestra que, por derecho propio, devino en uno de los más destacados eventos a los que Roma dio luz el pasado año.
Güvenlik Koruculuğu Bağlamında 6360 Sayılı Kanun’un Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ARSLAN Mustafa
Published: August 2018

Bu çalışma, Güvenlik (Köy)
Koruculuğu Sisteminin hukuki durumunda ve kamu örgütlenmesi içindeki hiyerarşik
konumunda 6360 sayılı yasayla getirilen yeni durumu ortaya koymayı
amaçlamaktadır.  Çalışmanın kapsamı, 6360
sayılı yasa ve güvenlik koruculuğu sistemi arasındaki bağlantı ile sınırlı
tutulmuştur. Çalışma verilerinin analizinde belgesel kaynak derlemesi yöntemi
ve içerik analizi tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır.

Çalışmanın sonunda aşağıdaki
bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. 6360 sayılı yasanın gerekçesinde belirtilen ölçek
ekonomisi, etkinlik, verimlilik, demokratikleşme, katılım gibi değerleri karşılama
konusunda, uygulamada bir takım sorunlar görülebilir. Yasayla, köy koruculuğu
sisteminin yasal dayanak noktasını oluşturan 442 sayılı Köy Kanunu’nun köyden
mahalleye dönüştürülen yerleşim birimlerinde uygulanabilirliği ortadan kaldırılarak
köy koruculuğunun yasal zemini zayıflatılmıştır. Yerel kamu hizmetlerinin
yerelde merkezileştirilmesi, bu hizmetlerden özellikle terörle mücadelenin
yoğun biçimde yaşandığı illerde güvenlik koruculuğu sisteminin teşkil edildiği
yerleşim birimlerinin eşit biçimde yararlanmalarını engelleyebilir.
PEMBERIAN AMELIORAN DAN ISOLAT BAKTERI FIKSASI NITROGEN NON SIMBIOTIK (FNNS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN SERAPAN N TANAMAN PADI GOGO (Oryza sativa L.) PADA MEDIUM ULTISOL
Authors: Prathama Yoggie , Nelvia Nelvia , Amri Al Ikhsan
Published: August 2018

The need of rice as the staple food of the people of Indonesia has a deficit every year. Upland rice cultivation in dry land such as Ultisols became one of the alternatives to meeting the needs of rice. However, productivity of crop in Ultisols is low because of some problems of acidity and nutrients deficiency. It is necessary input such as ameliorants like biochar cocopeat of oil palm empty bunch compost (OPEBC) and the use of bacterial non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation (NSNF) to fix the problems. The research aims to study the effect of application of ameliorant and suspensions of bacterial isolates of NSNF on growth and N uptake by upland rice in Ultisols medium. The research was conducted at the Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, Pekanbaru from Mei to September 2017. The research in form factorial experiment was arranged a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor were ameliorant, consists of six type (biochar, cocopeat, OPEBC, biochar+cocopeat, biochar+OPEBC, each doses 50 g polybag-1 and without ameliorant as a control). The second factor were suspensions of bacterial isolates of NSNF, consists of three levels (10 and 20 ml polybag-1 and without bacterial isolates as a control). The parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, weight of dry shoot and roots, N uptake by shoot and roots. The results show that the application of ameliorant (biochar, cocopeat, OPEBC, biochar + cocopeat, biochar + OPEBC), each doses of 50 g polybag-1 and suspensions of bacterial isolates of NSNF doses of 0, 10 and 20 ml polybag-1 increased plant height, number of tillers, weight of dry shoot and N uptake by shoot compared to control and the application of without ameliorant with suspension of bacterial isolates of NSNF doses of 0, 10 and 20 ml polybag-1.Key words : biochar, cocopeat, palm oil empty bunch, upland rice, ultisol
APLIKASI RHIZOBAKTERI PEMACU TUMBUH (RPT) DARI AKAR TITONIA (Tithonia diversifolia) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK MELATI (Jasminum officinale) PADA ULTISOL
Authors: Agustian Agustian , Sari Anisah Permata , Maira Lusi
Published: August 2018

Jasmine plant is a horticultural crop that has promising prospect to be developed in trading. The development of jasmine cultivation is determined by the quality of seedling that can be produced rapidly for planting in the field. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of application of Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from titonia root (Tithonia diversifolia) in increasing the growth of jasmine cuttings (Jasminum officinale). This experiment used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) which consists of 7 treatments with 5 replications. The treatments were: A (control), B (Growtone), C (Growtone + 1 ml PGPR), D (Growtone + 2 ml PGPR), E (Growtone + 4 ml PGPR) , F (Growtone + 6 ml PGPR) and G (Growtone + 8 ml PGPR). Data obtained were analyzed statistically with F test at 5% level. The results showed that the application of PGPR can increase the growth of jasmine cuttings. However, the increase in PGPR dose did not have a significant effect on the increase of leaf number, branch number and height of jasmine cuttings. The highest number of leaves, branch and plant height at two months seedling age were found in treatment (C) 1 ml PGPR with 48.60 leaves, 5.80 branch and 22.90 cm plant height that significantly different from other treatments,. Treatment (D) 2 ml PGPR application increased the population of P solubilizing bacteria in rhizosphere from 2.59x104 cfu/g of soil at control to 5.05x105 cfu/g soil and fixing bacteria N (Azospirillium) 3x104 cfu/g soil to 1.41x105 cfu/g soil and Azotobacter to 1.2x 103 cfu/g soil.Key words : Jasmine, PGPR, cuttings, Ultisol
Ideology of Objectivity in Political Journalism. Attitudes, Values and Beliefs Around Truth as a Possible Horizon?
Authors: Paz García Ana Pamela
Published: August 2018

From a critical-discursive approach, automatic and reflexive contents are analyzed around "objectivity", as a stylistic-normative code and cultural device with mythical contours, shared by journalists and audience of political information. Based on interviews conducted under an ethnographic approach between 2012 and 2014, professionals from different mass media in Córdoba-Argentina, first discuss the self-perception of their contemporary role and the conditions of their daily link with sources and events. Given the inter-subjective nature of the phenomenon, in a second moment the contrast between the journalistic perspectives and the perceptions of local audiences, gathered in simultaneous experimental sessions, is included. Through an analytical triangulation strategy, a significant circularity link between professional definitions and consumption expectations is noticed.A partir de uma abordagem crítico-discursiva, conteúdos automáticos e reflexivos são analisados em torno da "objetividade" como um código estilístico-normativo e um dispositivo cultural com contornos míticos, compartilhados por jornalistas e público de informações políticas. Com base em entrevistas realizadas a partir de uma abordagem etnográfica realizada entre 2012 e 2014 junto a profissionais de diferentes mídias de massa em Córdoba-Argentina, são discutidas primeiro a autopercepção de seu papel contemporâneo e as condições de seu vínculo diário com fontes e eventos. Dada a natureza inter-subjetiva do fenômeno, em um segundo momento foi discutido o contraste entre as perspectivas jornalísticas e as percepções do público local, reunidas em sessões experimentais simultâneas. Por meio de uma estratégia de triangulação analítica, notou-se uma ligação de circularidade significativa entre as definições profissionais e as expectativas de consumo.Desde un enfoque crítico-discursivo se analizan contenidos automáticos y reflexivos en torno a la “objetividad”, como código estilístico-normativo y dispositivo cultural de contornos míticos, compartido por periodistas y audiencias de la información política. Con base en entrevistas realizadas bajo un enfoque etnográfico entre 2012 y 2014, a profesionales de diferentes medios masivos de Córdoba-Argentina, primero se discuten la auto-percepción de su rol contemporáneo y las condiciones de su vínculo cotidiano con fuentes y acontecimientos. Dado el carácter inter-subjetivo del fenómeno, en un segundo momento se incluye el contraste entre las perspectivas periodísticas y las percepciones de audiencias locales, recopiladas en sesiones experimentales simultáneas. Mediante una estrategia de triangulación analítica, se advierte un significativo vínculo de circularidad entre definiciones profesionales y expectativas de consumo.
Efficient Industrial Synthesis of the MDM2 Antagonist Idasanutlin via a Cu(I)-catalyzed [3+2] Asymmetric Cycloaddition
Authors: Fishlock Dan , Diodone Ralph , Hildbrand Stefan , Kuhn Bernd , Mössner Christian , Peters Carsten , Rege Pankaj D. , Rimmler Gösta , Schantz. Markus
Published: August 2018

A concise asymmetric synthesis has been developed to prepare idasanutlin, a small molecule MDM2 antagonist. Idasanutlin is currently being investigated as a potential treatment for various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The highly congested pyrrolidine core, containing four
contiguous stereocenters, was constructed via a Cu(I)/(R)-BINAP catalyzed [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction. This optimized copper(I)-catalyzed process has been used to produce more than 1500 kg of idasanutlin. The manufacturing process will be described,
highlighting the exceptionally selective and consistent cycloaddition/isomerization/hydrolysis sequence. The excellent yields, short cycle times and reduction in waste streams result in a sustainable production process with low environmental impact.
Advancing Computational Approaches for Study and Design in Catalysis
Authors: Luber Sandra
Published: August 2018

Our group deals with the development of computational methods and their application to complex systems and processes. Emphasis is laid on accurate approaches derived from quantum mechanics, which we have used to investigate challenging questions in an interdisciplinary field encompassing
chemistry, biology, physics, and materials science. In this review, we describe our recent activities for advancing computational approaches in catalysis. Moreover, our work for the study and design of catalysts for solar light-driven water splitting is summarized. The latter is a promising
approach to face the world's increasing demand for sustainable energy storage and conversion. Emphasis is put on forefront methods for highly accurate electronic structure, sophisticated inclusion of environmental and dynamic effects and the derivation of structure–activity relationships
for informed in silico design. This paves the way for the development of more efficient catalysts in close collaboration with experimental groups.
Ecotoxicity of Malathion® 500 CE before and after UVC radiation and UV/H2O2 treatment
Authors: Adams Eliane , De Paula Vinicius De Carvalho Soares , Carneiro Rhaissa Dayane , De Lima Rubia Matos , Gomes Monike Felipe , Ramsdorf Wanessa Algarte , Martins de Freitas Adriane
Published: August 2018

Since 2008, Brazil has been the largest consumer of agrochemicals in the world, using pesticides to combat pests and vectors, impacting both microbiota and human health. Aiming at the degradation of the contaminants present in the environment, treatments by advanced oxidative processes are based on the synthesis of free radicals that allow the degradation of the pollutant. Among these processes are included UV/H2O2. By evaluating the ecotoxicity and phytotoxicity of the commercial Malathion® 500 CE product, using Aedes aegypti larvae and Lactuca sativa seed, the high toxicity of this formulation was observed. EC50 values for A. aegypti being equal to 0.4 μg L-1 and for L. sativa equal to 550 μg L-1. The commercial agrochemical degradation was carried out by UVC radiation and UV/H2O2, and the toxicity was evaluated after 30 and 120 minutes. After both treatments, the percentage of immobility was zero for A. aegypti, inferring the efficiency of the processes. However, for L. sativa, no treatment was able to remove or reduce initial toxicity.
An Exploration of Potential Gender Differences in the Discipline of Nurse Anesthetists
Authors: Kane Jedidiah
Published: August 2018

Great diversity exists in the US population, therefore the US Department of Health and Human Services [HHS] has called for increased diversity among healthcare professionals as a means of improving public health outcomes. Males are consistently a minority group within the nursing profession and are disproportionately disciplined. The disproportionate discipline of male nurses and the loss of licensure often resulting from censure may have an impact on efforts to diversify the nursing sector of healthcare. Among certified registered nurse anesthetists [CRNAs], the ratio of males to females is more equal and little data exists examining the characteristics of disciplined CRNAs. The purpose of this study was to describe formal licensure discipline against CRNAs practicing in select states during a 33-year period (1983-2017). This descriptive study is a retrospective cohort study involving secondary data analysis of public records information. Disciplinary list data was generated via the database tools accessible on the government websites provided by each state department of health and/or BON. The disciplinary list data was then cross-referenced against the Nursys database maintained by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) for greater detail and analysis. Of the CRNA licenses in the sample (n=4401), the rate of sanction was 1.20% (n=53). Males (n=26) were disciplined more often than women (n=27) at a ratio of 1.6:1. CRNAs in this study were six times more likely to commit an infraction related to substance abuse than any other single infraction type at 66% (n=35). Loss of licensure in some form resulted in approximately 51% (n=27) of cases.
Barriers Faced by Nurses Caring For End-of-Life Patients on a Medical Surgical Unit
Authors: Dufour Beth
Published: August 2018

Many patients will spend their final days and die in the hospital. The hospital setting provides unique challenges to providing high quality end of life care. The nurses’ role in caring for end-of-life patients in this challenging setting is extremely important. The purpose of this study was to determine what barriers registered nurses (RNs) face while caring for end-of-life patients on a medical-surgical unit in the hospital setting. A survey was used to identify these barriers on a medical surgical unit at Westerly Hospital. The theory of Nurse Moral Distress by Corley (2002) was used to guide this study. The results of the survey reinforced that nurses in the medical-surgical setting are faced with barriers that make caring for end-of-life care patients challenging. The most frequent barriers identified to providing good end-of-life care were a lack of time and education/training. Nurses described “managing your patient assignment is difficult” while caring for an end-of-life patient, especially because their “is never enough time”. These results are useful in identifying areas in which the Advanced Practice Nurse can help influence change in this setting such as leading educational initiatives and creating and implementing policies and procedures. Through these efforts, the APRN can work with nurses and the interdisciplinary team to improve patient and family experiences during this difficult time.
The Impact of a Focused Training on Advanced Practice Nursing Student's Experience with Communicating Difficult News
Authors: Gernt Nicholas
Published: August 2018

Healthcare providers often have the difficult job of communicating difficult news to patients and patient families. However, few practitioners report having formal instruction on a systematic method for the delivery of difficult news. The purpose of the program was to give a cohort of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN) students in their final semester of their graduate program formal instruction on how to effectively deliver difficult news to their patients and patient families. The role of the APRN is ever expanding and APRNs will often find themselves treating more complex patients in their practice. Being prepared for an inevitable encounter with a poor diagnosis or the death of a loved one is an invaluable tool that has proven to enhance patient and provider relationships and alleviate provider frustration. The program incorporated formal instruction that included a lecture on evidence based theory using the SPIKES method of the delivery of difficult news as the backbone for the teaching and reference. Students participated in triads, role-playing the SPIKES method following the lecture. A sample comprised of 11 students representing 58% of the class met the inclusion criteria. The program was evaluated using a researcher designed and validated Likert type survey, measuring learner confidence both pre- and post-instruction. Confidence levels were measured and all who responded to the post-instruction survey reported increased confidence (> 90%) in the delivery of difficult news.
Secondary Traumatic Stress Among Emergency Department Nurses
Authors: Machado Melissa
Published: August 2018

Individuals employed in healthcare services are exposed daily to a variety of health and safety hazards which include psychosocial risks, such as those associated with work-related stress. Nursing is the largest group of health professionals in the healthcare system. Work-related stress has been associated with substandard quality and safety of care, poor health status, decreased quality of life and compromised safety among staff members (Christodoulou-Fella, Middleton, Papathanassoglou, & Karanikola, 2017).

Secondary traumatic stress (STS) is exacerbated in health professionals who are continuously confronted and care for patients suffering traumatic injuries and are critically ill, while experiencing emotional disruption themselves, thus becoming indirect victims of the trauma, they care for (Christodoulou-Fella et al.). The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence and severity of traumatic symptoms experienced by nurses working in the emergency department (ED) secondary to repetitive exposure of distressing events. The author utilized a 17-item survey to measure symptoms associated with indirect exposure to traumatic events due to profession. Two open-ended questions were added to better understand nurses’ views on STS. Results indicated that nurses in the ED are experiencing little to moderate symptoms of STS. Majority of participants indicated they have experienced more than one item asked in the questionnaire at least occasionally or often. A response rate of over 50% of participants specified staff debriefing shortly after being exposed to a traumatic event to be beneficial to reduce symptoms of STS. Replication of this project on a larger scale could serve as the foundation for establishing new policies regarding STS and the need for staff support services or programs.
Implementation of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool
Authors: Salvadore Carla
Published: August 2018

In the United States, greater than half of the adult patients who are admitted to critical care experience pain and report poor pain control. Inadequate management of acute pain is associated with negative outcomes, including high blood sugar, insulin resistance, higher infection risk, increased discomfort, decreased satisfaction, and chronic pain. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) cannot always express that they are having pain. Recently modified guidelines for the Sustained Use of Sedatives and Analgesics in the Critically Ill Adult recommend a reliable and valid pain assessment instrument for patients who are unable to verbalize pain. For the adult critically ill population, the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) and the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) were identified as the most reliable and valid instruments. The purpose of this program development was to provide education for nurses in the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (CVICU) on the CPOT to assist in transitioning to the CPOT as part of the CVICU pain assessment. A pretest-posttest design was utilized to evaluate the nurses’ knowledge of the CPOT. The intervention consisted of a one-hour education session on pain assessment and the CPOT. Thirteen out of a potential twenty-two nurses (n=13, 59%) participated in the educational session with a mean pretest score of 42.3% and a mean posttest score of 93.1%. There was a 50.8% improvement post-intervention total scores. Findings from this quality improvement education intervention suggest that the CVICU nurses’ knowledge increased in both pain assessment and the CPOT following the intervention.
Object-Core Oriented Data Modelling for Tracking of Behaviors of Urban Heat Islands
Authors: Zhu Rui , Guilbert Eric , Wong Man-Sing
Published: August 2018

Modeling thematic and spatial dynamic behaviors of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) over time is crucial to understand the evolution of this phenomenon and the city micro-climate. Previous studies conceptualized that a UHI can only have a single life period with spatial behaviors (i.e. areal changes and topological transformations). However, a UHI can also appear and disappear periodically several times expressed by thematic and spatial integrated behaviors, which has not been established yet. Thus, this study conceptualizes each UHI as an object which has thematic and spatial behaviors simultaneously and proposes several graphs to depict periodic life-time transitions triggered by the behaviors. The model was implemented in an object-relational database, and air temperatures collected from a number of weather stations were interpolated as temperature images each hour for six weeks. Results indicated that the model could track the spatial and thematic evolution of UHIs through continuous time effectively, and also revealed the periodical patterns and abnormal cases of UHIs over a city.
TROPIK LEVEL PADA DAERAH PENANGKAPAN IKAN YANG MENGGUNAKAN LIGHT FISHING DI PERAIRAN SULAWESI TENGGARA (Trophic level in Fishing Ground by Using Light Fishing in Southeast Sulawesi)
Authors: Bubun Rita L. , Simbolon Domu , Nurani Tri Wiji , Wisudo2 Sugeng H.
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe Interaction biology of species in the fishing ground caused by displacement energy from one species to another species and create the structure of patterns trophic level. The objectives of this studi are to determine structure of trophic level and composition of dominant spesies in fishing ground by light fishing in waters of the east Southeast Sulawesi. The research method is survey method. Primary data are using simple random sampling of the fish entrails composition of the purse seine and “bagan apung” unit. Analysis of data using analysis trophic level to determine the patterns of trophic level in the fishing ground by using light fishing and descriptive analysis to determine the composition of species based on trophic level. The result showed: (i) The patterns of trophic level in waters of the east Southeast Sulawesi are (I) phytoplankton; (II) zooplankton; (III) shrimp and squid in TL 3,2; (IV) small pelagic fish in TL 3,7; predatory fish in TL 4.2 up; (ii) Composition of dominant spesies in the purse seine is 60% to consumer groups 5 inTL 4,2 up and bagan apung is 66% consumer groups 4 in TL 3,7.Key words: fishing ground, light fishing, trophic level-------ABSTRAKInteraksi biologi antarspesies di daerah penangkapan ikan disebabkan adanya proses pemangsaan antara satu spesies dengan spesies lainnya yang membentuk struktur dalam tropik level. Tujuan penelitian menentukan pola tropik level dan komposisi spesies dominan yang terbentuk di daerah penangkapan ikan menggunakan light fishing di perairan bagian timur Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode penelitian adalah metode survei dengan obyek penelitian hasil tangkapan ikan unit penangkapan purse seine dan bagan apung. Pengumpulan data primer melalui observasi dengan pengambilan sampel simple random sampling terhadap jenis ikan hasil tangkapan untuk identifikasi komposisi isi perut. Analisis data menggunakan analisis tropik level untuk menentukan pola tropik level dalam proses pemangsaan antara spesies di daerah penangkapan menggunakan light fishing dan analisis deskriptif untuk menentukan komposisi kelompok konsumen berdasarkan tropik level. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (i) Pola tropik level yang terbentuk di perairan bagian timur Sulawesi Tenggara yaitu (I) fitoplankton; (II) zooplankton; (III) udang dan cumi-cumi pada TL 3,2; (IV) ikan pelagis kecil pada TL 3,7; (V) ikan predator pada TL 4,2 atau lebih; (ii) Komposisi spesies pada purse seine 60 % didominasi spesies kelompokkonsumen 5 pada TL 4,2 atau lebih dan bagan apung 66 % didominasi spesies kelompok konsumen pada TL 3,7.Kata kunci: daerah penangkapan ikan, light fishing, tropik level
Satu Kahkonen and Anthony Lanyi. Institutions, Incentives, and Economic Reforms in India. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000. 516 pages. Hardback. Price Indian Rs 595.00.
Authors: Attiya Y. Javid
Published: August 2018

The economic reform process began in India in 1991. However, the reform agenda is still far from its goals as is evident from low per capita income. Thus, this reform effort has not produced the desired outcome of a faster rate of economic and social development in a meaningful way. It is the premise of this volume that to transform the social and economic landscape, the proposed reforms should be broadbased and multi-pronged which take into account incentives for the stockholders in both the private and public sectors. The institutions are the rules that govern economy and include the fundamental legal, political, and social rules that establish the basis for production, exchange, and distribution. The two editors of this volume have received contributions from a number of authors and the wide range of papers are grouped under five main headings: political economy of reforms, reforming public goods delivery, reform issues in agriculture and rural governance, and reforming the district and financial sector.
UNCTAD. World Investment Report 2000: Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions and Development. New York: UNCTAD, 2000. xviii+337 pages. Paperback. Price not given.
Authors: Mir Annice Mahmood
Published: August 2018

Foreign aid has given way to foreign direct investment (FDI) as a means of stimulating growth in not only the developed countries but also the developing ones. FDI can be divided into two components: direct and portfolio. Direct investment is concerned with the establishment of physical assets in the shape of plants and equipment which in turn are used to produce commodities. The establishment of plants and equipment involves technology and raises the issue of technology transfer. Portfolio investment, on the other hand, is largely financial, with investments being made on the stock market. These investments, given the interlinkages between the main financial centres these days, are volatile because international capital is highly mobile. Both direct and portfolio investment can be made by public authorities, multinational firms, and individuals.
The Onset of Fertility Transition in Pakistan
Authors: Zeba A. Sathar  , John B. Casterline
Published: August 2018

In a Comment published in the Autumn 2000 issue of this journal, Mr Ghulam Soomro1 takes issue with our recent article in Population and Development Review.2 Although Mr Soomro is highly critical of our article, we are pleased that he has read the article carefully and made the effort to write an extended comment. We are not prepared, however, to concede the major points in that Comment. Two major points are made by him. First, that marital fertility decline is a small component of the recent fertility decline in Pakistan, which has been mainly due to postponement of entry to first marriage. Second, that the underlying motivation for fertility change in the 1990s has been economic distress, a consequence in part of the structural adjustment programmes instituted in the late 1980s. However, in the first point, Soomro interprets the demographic data from the past three decades incorrectly and, in the second point, he misrepresents our argument.
Brenda Cranney. Local Environment and Lived Experience: The Mountain Women of Himachal Pradesh. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2001. Hardbound. 287 pages. Indian Rs 495.00.
Authors: Afia Malik
Published: August 2018

Rural communities in the less developed countries depend for their livelihood on a subsistence economy based on agriculture and animal husbandry. So is the case of rural communities in India. The state of Himachal Pradesh is an example where forests are the main source of food and income. Inappropriate or badly managed development programmes in these areas have resulted in the depletion of natural resources, causing environmental degradation. This naturally affects the lives of the local population, especially the poor women of the area, as forests provide the main source of output vital to their household economy. Local Environment and Lived Experience is the microanalysis of women in the two villages, Ichasser and Dev Nagar, in the state of Himachal Pradesh. It provides a critical overview of development programmes and how these programmes have changed the daily pattern of their lives. The change is explained in the own voices of local women—describing their intervention, coping strategies, and resistance. The author has explored different features of village life, household economies as well as women’s agency affected by the implementation and abandonment of development programmes.
Theory of Optimal Taxation and Current Tax Policy in Pakistan’s Agriculture
Authors: M. Ghaffar Chaudhry
Published: August 2018

The theory of optimal taxation has tended to recast the existing literature of public finance into the mould of classical welfare economics by emphasising minimisation of dead weight losses resulting from the imposition of a tax or faulty tax structure. As such, these modern theories have much in common with the traditional approach in terms of efficiency and equity. In spite of this, however, the differences remain. For example, the former theories adhere strictly to the norms of classical welfare economics which treats individual consumers as utility maximisers where improvements in welfare involve change that makes one individual better-off without making someone else worse-off [Stern (1987)]. In contrast to the emphasis of traditional theories on lump-sum taxes, the optimum tax literature is concerned with the implication of using non-lump-sum taxes which have a wider range and therefore more useful to the policy-maker. The recent work on normative tax theory looks at the impact of taxation on individual decisions and the trade off between raising revenues or redistributing tax burdens and the efficiency losses [Atkinson (1987)]. Finally, the optimal tax literature may be more pragmatic in its approach than traditional works as it realistically deals with government objectives and constraints and combines them into models that are sufficiently rich to allow for differences between people regarding income and expenditure patterns.
Post-liberalisation Efficiency and Productivity of the Banking Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Syed Fawad Ali Rizvi
Published: August 2018

It has been long debated in economic literature whether financial markets play a significant role in economic growth and development. [For review see Gertler (1988) and Levine (1997)]. Findings of some recent empirical literature show that well-functioning financial system plays an instrumental role in economic growth, and the causality runs from finance to growth [for cross country evidences see King and Levine (1993, 1993a); Levine and Zervos (1998); Levine, Loayza and Beck (1999); Beck, Levine, and Loayza (1999)]. This, in turn, has led to a search for the key factors that determine the better functioning financial markets. Within the banking sector, efficiency is the core concern of both academics and bank officials. A number of studies have sought to measure the efficiency of financial institutions, to identify the factors that contribute to efficiency of financial system, and to recommend the ways to attain the peer group efficiency levels [Berg (1993); Leaven (1999); Berger and Mester (1997); Miller and Noulas (1996)].