bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zika virus-induced TNF-α signaling dysregulates expression of neurologic genes associated with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Kung Po-Lun , Chou Tsui-Wen , Lindman Marissa , Chang Nydia P. , Estevez Irving , Buckley Benjamin D. , Atkins Colm , Daniels Brian P.
Published: April 2022

Background

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus of global concern. ZIKV infection of the central nervous system has been linked to a variety of clinical syndromes, including microcephaly in fetuses and rare but serious neurologic disease in adults. However, the potential for ZIKV to influence brain physiology and host behavior following apparently mild or subclinical infection is less well understood. Furthermore, though deficits in cognitive function are well-documented after recovery from neuroinvasive viral infection, the potential impact of ZIKV on other host behavioral domains has not been thoroughly explored.

Methods

We used transcriptomic profiling, including unbiased gene ontology enrichment analysis, to assess the impact of ZIKV infection on gene expression in primary cortical neuron cultures. These studies were extended with molecular biological analysis of gene expression and inflammatory cytokine signaling. In vitro observations were further confirmed using established in vivo models of ZIKV infection in immunocompetent hosts.

Results

Transcriptomic profiling of primary neuron cultures following ZIKV infection revealed altered expression of key genes associated with major psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Gene ontology enrichment analysis also revealed significant changes in gene expression associated with fundamental neurobiological processes, including neuronal development, neurotransmission, and others. These alterations to neurologic gene expression were also observed in the brain in vivo using several immunocompetent mouse models of ZIKV infection. Mechanistic studies identified TNF-α signaling via TNFR1 as a major regulatory mechanism controlling ZIKV-induced changes to neurologic gene expression.

Conclusions

Our studies reveal that cell-intrinsic innate immune responses to ZIKV infection profoundly shape neuronal transcriptional profiles, highlighting the need to further explore associations between ZIKV infection and disordered host behavioral states.
Radioiodine treatment outcome by dosimetric parameters and renal function in hyperthyroidism
Authors: Nilsson Joachim N. , Elovsson Rebecca , Thor Daniel , Calissendorff Jan , Ardenfors Oscar
Published: April 2022

Background

Hyperthyroidism has been treated with radioiodine therapy for eight decades, with known benefits and side-effects. No consensus exists on which activity dosage and pre-therapeutic measurements are required for optimal treatment, balancing risk of incomplete response, therapy-induced hypothyroidism and radiation exposure. A retrospective analysis was performed to assess these questions.

Methods

Data was collected on radioiodine treatment outcomes for 904 patients treated for Graves' disease or toxic nodular goitres at our institution during 2016–2020. The prescribed absorbed doses were 120 Gy (Graves’ disease), 200 Gy (toxic multinodular goitre) and 300 Gy (solitary toxic adenoma). Univariate analysis and multivariate regression modelling were used to find factors linked to treatment outcome.

Results

The cure rate of hyperthyroidism after one administration of radioiodine was 79% for Graves' disease, 94% for toxic multinodular goitre and 98% for solitary toxic adenoma. Thyroid mass, uptake and effective half-life were all significantly associated with cure in Graves’ disease, but not in toxic multinodular goitre. The rates of therapy-induced hypothyroidism were 20% and 29% for toxic multinodular goitre and solitary toxic adenoma. Neither the cure rate nor the hypothyroidism rate was found to be superior among patients with individualised effective half-life measurements in toxic nodular goitres. Poor renal function was associated with dubious iodine uptake measurements but was not found to correlate with worse outcome.

Conclusions

Multiple measurements of individual iodine uptake for kinetics estimation may be unnecessary, and a population-based value can be used instead. Patients with renal impairment had similar outcome as other patients, but with a higher risk of dubious uptake measurements.
Effectiveness of modified Buzhong Yiqi decoction in treating myasthenia gravis: study protocol for a series of N-of-1 trials
Authors: Weng Senhui , Li Jinghao , Chen Benshu , He Long , Zhong Zhuotai , Huang Linwen , Zhang Shijing , Liu Fengbin , Jiang Qilong
Published: April 2022

Background

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disease with high heterogeneity. The disease is chronic, relapsing repeatedly and progressive with acute exacerbation occasionally. Although the treatment of MG has developed, it is still unsatisfactory and has some unexpected side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown great potential in MG treatment, including relief of muscle weakness syndrome, improvement of patient’s quality of life, and reduction of side effects of western medicine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of modified Buzhong Yiqi decoction (MBYD) as an add-on therapy for MG through a small series of N-of-1 trials.

Methods

Single-centre, randomized, double-blind, 3 crossover N-of-1 trials will be conducted to enroll patients with MG diagnosed as spleen-stomach deficiency syndrome or spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome in TCM. Each N-of-1 trial has 3 cycles of two 4-week periods containing the MBYD period and placebo period. The wash-out interval of 1 week is prior to switching each period. Primary outcome: quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG). Secondary outcomes: the following scales: myasthenia gravis composite (MGC), myasthenia gravis activities of daily living profile (MG-ADL), myasthenia gravis quality of life (MG-QOL); the level of CD4+FoxP3+Treg cells and cytokines (IL-4, IL-17A, INF-γ, TGF-β) in the peripheral blood; the alterations of the composition of gut microbiota; reduction of the side effects of western medicine.

Discussion

Used by WinBUGS software, we will conduct a hierarchical Bayesian statistical method to analyze the efficacy of MBYD in treating MG in individuals and populations. Some confounding variables such as TCM syndrome type and potential carryover effect of TCM will be introduced into the hierarchical Bayesian statistical method to improve the sensitivity and applicability of the trials, and the use of prior available information within the analysis may improve the sensitivity of the results of a series of N-of-1 trials, from both the individual and population level to study the efficacy of TCM syndrome differentiation. We assumed that this study would reveal that MBYD is effective for MG and provide robust evidence of the efficacy of TCM to treat MG.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ID: ChiCTR2000040477, registration on 29 November 2020.
Assessing gait, balance, and muscle strength among breast cancer survivors with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN): study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Teran-Wodzinski Patricia , Haladay Douglas , Vu Tuan , Ji Ming , Coury Jillian , Adams Alana , Schwab Lauren , Visovsky Constance
Published: April 2022

Background

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and understudied consequence of taxane chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. CIPN symptoms include numbness combined with tingling sensations, persistent shooting, stabbing, or burning pain even in the absence of painful stimuli, lower extremity muscle weakness, and impaired balance. CIPN symptoms often persist for a long time after completion of chemotherapy, causing significant loss of functional abilities and increased risk of falls. Persistent CIPN caused by taxanes represents a therapeutic challenge due to the limited treatment options. Resistance exercise has shown promising results; however, the effect of exercise on CIPN remains understudied. This study aims to assess the effects of exercise on gait, balance, and lower extremity muscle strength after a 16-week home-based exercise program compared to an educational attention control condition.

Methods

A sample of 312 women who completed taxane-based chemotherapy for breast cancer and have symptomatic neuropathy is recruited from a community-dwelling sample. Participants are randomized to either a 16-week Home-Based Physical Activity Intervention or an Educational Attention control group. The home-based intervention protocol consists of targeted lower extremity stretches, followed by 10 min each of gait/balance and 10 min of resistive training accessed by hyperlink or DVD. An Exercise Diary records quantitative exercise data. The gait assessment includes temporospatial parameters and lower extremity joint angles using APDM motion sensors. Participants’ balance is assessed using the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) performed using a NeuroCom Balance Master. Isometric strength of hip, knee, and ankle flexor and extensor muscles is assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer, Biodex BX Advantage. In addition, we assess neuropathy symptoms using the FACT-Taxane Additional Concerns Subscale and nerve conduction velocity of the sural and peroneal nerve action potentials. Outcomes are assessed at baseline (prior to randomization) and 16 weeks.

Discussion

There are currently no evidence-based interventions that address the functional declines associated with CIPN. If successful, this program is simple and easy to implement in the standard of care for individuals with CIPN. Gait and balance training have the potential to reduce physical dysfunction associated with CIPN and reduce the burden of disease in cancer survivors.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04621721. Registered on August 3, 2020. ClincialTrials.gov is a primary registry of the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTEP) network and includes all items from the WHO Trial Registration data set in Trial registration.
Conducting a randomised controlled trial of a psychosocial intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes during COVID-19: recommendations to overcome the challenges complicated by inconsistent public health guidelines on research
Authors: Pembroke Sinead , Rogerson Shauna , Coyne Imelda
Published: April 2022

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been very little guidance in Ireland and abroad, around the conduct of research, and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in particular. This has led to inconsistent interpretations of public health guidelines for the conduct of research in hospitals. Consequently, challenges have arisen for researchers conducting RCTs, in relation to recruitment and retention. These challenges are amplified for RCTs of psychosocial interventions, where communication and physical contact play a major role in administering the RCT. Therefore, learning from other research studies is important. This study addresses the challenges in administering an RCT of a psychosocial intervention in two paediatric outpatient diabetes clinics in Dublin Ireland, including recommendations to overcome these. Recommendations include the following: (1) recognise research as an essential service; (2) hospital management should implement guidelines to ensure a consistent approach to the conduct of research during pandemics; (3) ensure that there is a mechanism for the provision of clear and effective communication before the clinic visit with patients, to reassure them and gain their trust; and (4) trial managers should make time to check in with their team every day, as they would do if they were in the office.
The SPIRIT Checklist—lessons from the experience of SPIRIT protocol editors
Authors: Qureshi Riaz , Gough Alexander , Loudon Kirsty
Published: April 2022

Crystal clear RCT protocols are of paramount importance. The reader needs to easily understand the trial methodology and know what is pre-planned. They need to know there are procedures in place if there are, for instance, protocol breaches and protocol amendments are required, there is loss to follow-up and missing data, and how solicited and spontaneous reported adverse events are dealt with. This plan is important for the trial and for the results that will be published when the data is analysed. After all, individuals have consented to participate in these trials, and their time and their well-being matter. The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) provides guidance to structure RCT protocols and ensures all essential information is included. But sadly, not all trialists follow the guidance, and sometimes, the information is misunderstood. Using experience peer-reviewing for Trials over the last 2 years, we have prepared information to assist authors, peer reviewers, editors, and other current and future SPIRIT protocol editors to use the SPIRIT guidance and understand its importance.
Propagation characteristics of sporadic E and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs): statistics using HF Doppler and GPS-TEC data in Japan
Authors: Matsushima Ryo , Hosokawa Keisuke , Sakai Jun , Otsuka Yuichi , Ejiri Mitsumu K. , Nishioka Michi , Tsugawa Takuya
Published: April 2022

We carried out a statistical analysis of the propagation characteristics of Es and Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) by combining data of HF Doppler (HFD) sounder and Total Electron Content (TEC) obtained from the GPS receivers of GEONET (GPS-TEC) for 4 years from 2014 to 2017. We made use of Es reflection data from the HFD receivers in Sugito, Saitama (36.0°N, 139.7°E), Fujisawa, Kanagawa (35.3°N, 139.5°E), and Sugadaira, Nagano (36.4°N, 138.3°E) in Japan. By using this triangle observation, we succeeded in deriving the horizontal speed and direction of the motion of Es. In addition, we estimated the phase velocity of MSTIDs observed in the simultaneously obtained maps of GPS-TEC with the same triangle observation procedure. The speeds of Es and MSTIDs were commonly less than 100 m/s in most cases and their propagation direction was predominantly southwestward. This result is consistent with the statistical characteristics of nighttime MSTIDs observed in the previous studies. More importantly, good correspondence between the propagation characteristics of the two phenomena at two different altitudes confirms that Es and MSTIDs move in tandem with each other, further suggesting that Es in the E region plays an important role in the generation and propagation of MSTIDs in the F region.

Graphical Abstract
Acute aortic thrombosis in the ascending aorta after cisplatin-based chemotherapy for esophageal cancer: a case report
Authors: Sato Noriaki , Mishima Takehito , Okubo Yuka , Okamoto Takeshi , Shiraishi Shuichi , Tsuchida Masanori
Published: April 2022

Background

The risk of thrombus development is considered to be increased by malignant tumors and chemotherapy. In addition, thrombosis of the ascending aorta is rare. We report a case of ascending aortic thrombectomy in a patient with esophageal cancer who developed ascending aortic thrombus after starting neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including operative findings and surgical treatment.

Case presentation

A 63-year-old man with esophageal cancer was administered chemotherapy comprising cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil. A week after completing 1 cycle of chemotherapy, computed tomography angiography showed acute aortic thrombosis at the ascending aorta. The risk of embolization appeared high because the thrombosis was floating, so we performed emergency ascending aortic thrombectomy. The postoperative course was good and uncomplicated. A month after this surgery, the patient underwent surgery for esophageal cancer. As of 1 year after the cancer surgery, neither cancer nor thrombosis has recurred.

Conclusion

We describe a case of acute aortic thrombosis in the ascending aorta after cisplatin-based chemotherapy, that was treated by aortic thrombectomy. The treatment strategy should depend on thrombus location and the condition of the patient, but surgical treatment should be considered where possible to achieve better prognosis.
Biocontrol mechanisms of endophytic fungi
Authors: Adeleke Bartholomew Saanu , Ayilara Modupe Stella , Akinola Saheed Adekunle , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti
Published: April 2022

Background

Scientific approaches into modern agricultural systems, as opposed to the use of synthetic pesticides in food production, became important by exploring endophytic fungi capable of protecting plants against pathogens for maximum crop productivity.

Main body

Diverse endophytic microbes colonizing the internal tissue of plants exhibit beneficial and pathological effects on plants. The beneficial endophytic fungi assisted plants in the control of pathogenic endophytic fungi in plants due to their ability to directly or indirectly promote plant health. Inefficient agricultural practices and environmental factors contribute to the disease emergence in plants. Endophytic fungi employed diverse mechanisms in phytopathogen control by activating and inducing plant resistance through gene expression, synthesis of fungi-derived metabolite compounds, and hormonal signaling molecules. The mutual coexistence between endophytic fungi and host plants remains an important mechanism in disease suppression. An in-depth understanding and selection of beneficial endophytic fungi and interaction between pathogens and host plants are important in managing challenges associated with the endophyte biocontrol mechanisms.

Conclusion

Research findings on the use of endophytic fungi as bioinoculants are advancing, and understanding endophytic fungi antibiosis action through the synthesis of biocontrol agents (BCAs) can, however, be explored in integrated plant disease management. Therefore, in this review, the biocontrol mechanism of endophytic fungi against plant pathogens was highlighted.
Spinal metastases of bronchopulmonary cancers: interest of balloon kyphoplasty in the control of mechanical rachialgia
Authors: Faye Mohameth , Barry Louncény Fatoumata , Sy El Hadji Cheikh Ndiaye , Kaya Jean-Marc , Diallo Moussa , Ilunga Roger Mulumba , Wague Daouda , Cisse Yakhya , Koumare Izoudine Blaise , Roche Pierre Hugues
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Spinal metastases are a classic complication of lung cancer. New palliative treatment modalities have emerged. Among them are minimally invasive approaches such as balloon kyphoplasty. With the aim of evaluating the efficiency of balloon kyphoplasty in the control of spinal pain during these lesions, we report a series of 24 patients.

Methods and materials

Over a period of 6 years, we retrospectively studied 24 files of patients suffering from vertebral compression of metastatic pulmonary origin and treated by balloon kyphoplasty from January 2009 to December 2014 in the neurosurgery department of the North Hospital of Marseille (France).

Results

The mean age was 66.2 years (39–80 years) with a sex ratio of 5. Dorsal location was predominantly 17 cases. Balloon kyphoplasty involved one level in 14 patients. The general condition (Karnofski) was bad in 16 patients. Survival prediction was less than 6 months in 22 patients. The indication was mainly pain with a mean visual analog scale of 7.7. The evolution was marked by the regression of the painful symptomatology in all patients with a mean visual analog scale of 2.2 postoperatively. Postoperative complications were noted in two cases (pulmonary embolism, compression of the left iliac vein).

Conclusion

Our short series shows the efficacy and low morbidity of balloon kyphoplasty in the control of spinal pain secondary to vertebral metastases of bronchopulmonary cancers.
Flexible minimally invasive coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) measurement method with tapered optical fiber probe for single-cell application
Authors: Wang Tong , Jiang Junfeng , Liu Kun , Wang Shuang , Niu Panpan , Liu Yize , Liu Tiegen
Published: April 2022

We proposed and demonstrated a flexible, endoscopic, and minimally invasive coherent anti-Raman Stokes scattering (CARS) measurement method for single-cell application, employing a tapered optical fiber probe. A few-mode fiber (FMF), whose generated four-wave mixing band is out of CARS signals, was selected to fabricate tapered optical fiber probes, deliver CARS excitation pulses, and collect CARS signals. The adiabatic tapered fiber probe with a diameter of 11.61 μm can focus CARS excitation lights without mismatch at the focal point. The measurements for proof-of-concept were made with methanol, ethanol, cyclohexane, and acetone injected into simulated cells. The experimental results show that the tapered optical fiber probe can detect carbon-hydrogen (C–H) bond-rich substances and their concentration. To our best knowledge, this optical fiber probe provides the minimum size among probes for detecting CARS signals. These results pave the way for minimally invasive live-cell detection in the future.
Omicron-included mutation-induced changes in epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and effectiveness assessments of current antibodies
Authors: Guo Du , Duan Huaichuan , Cheng Yan , Wang Yueteng , Hu Jianping , Shi Hubing
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading globally and continues to rage, posing a serious threat to human health and life quality. Antibody therapy and vaccines both have shown great efficacy in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, whose development progress and adaptation range have attracted wide attention. However, with the emergence of variant strains of SARS-CoV-2, the neutralization activity of therapeutic or vaccine-induced antibodies may be reduced, requiring long-term virus monitoring and drug upgrade in response to its evolution. In this paper, conformational changes including continuous epitopes (CPs), discontinuous epitopes (DPs) and recognition interfaces of the three representative SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) mutants (i.e., the Delta (B.1.617.2), Mu (B.1.621) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) strains), were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of current mainstream antibodies. The results showed that the conformation of SP wild type (WT) and mutants both remained stable, while the local antigenic epitopes underwent significant changes. Sufficient flexibility of SP CPs is critical for effective antibody recognition. The DPs of Delta, Mu and Omicron variants have showed stronger binding to human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) than WT; the possible drug resistance mechanisms of antibodies against three different epitopes (i.e., NTD_DP, RBD1_DP and RBD2_DP) were also proposed, respectively; the RBD2 of Delta, NTD of Mu, NTD and RBD2 of Omicron are deserve more attention in the subsequent design of next-generation vaccines. The simulation results not only revealed structural characteristics of SP antigenic epitopes, but also provided guidance for antibody modification, vaccine design and effectiveness evaluation.
Sigma Alpha Elsinore
Authors: Wilson Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2022

Claudius likes to party—a bit too much. He frequently binge drinks, is arguably an alcoholic, but is not an aberration. Hamlet says that Denmark is internationally known for heavy drinking. That’s what Shakespeare would have heard in the sixteenth century. By the seventeenth, English writers feared that Denmark had taught their own nation its drinking habits. Synthesizing criticism on alcoholism as an individual problem in Shakespeare’s texts and times with scholarship on national drinking habits in the early modern age, this essay asks what the tragedy of alcoholism looks like when located not on the level of the individual but on the level of a culture, as Shakespeare depicts in Hamlet. Our window into these early modern cultures of drunkenness is sociological studies of American college fraternities plus social-learning theories that explain how one person—one culture—teaches another its habits. For Claudius’s alcoholism is both culturally learned and culturally significant. And, as in fraternities, alcoholism in Hamlet is bound up with ethnicity, wealth, masculinity, and tragedy. Thus alcohol imagistically reappears in key moments of Hamlet—the vial of “cursed hebona,” Ophelia’s liquid death, and the poisoned cup in the final scene—that stand out in recent performances and adaptations with alcoholic Claudiuses and Gertrudes.
Just In Time
Authors: Stephens Michelle
Published: April 2022

In the early 2000s, Dipesh Chakrabarty powerfully defined the historical terms at stake in the shift from the postcolonial to the Anthropocene era, arguing that the posthuman image of a world without us profoundly contradicts historical practices for visualizing time. The notion of history that his essay foregrounded, however, can itself be historicized as a fantasy of modernity, one Édouard Glissant described as “History [with a capital H].” Using Glissant’s psychoanalytically inflected insights as a starting point, this article argues that our dominant modes of historical thinking are always already colored by the anxieties and neurotic symptoms of the colonialist viewer. The argument then traces experimental hypotheses regarding the near and deep history of the human by key figures from the late nineteenth through the early twenty-first centuries—such as Sigmund Freud and Octave Mannoni, Paul Gilroy and Sylvia Wynter, and Frank Wilderson and Bruno Latour—as they grapple with two intimations: that the subject picturing a “world without us” is neurotic and that alternative historical sensibilities may lie on the other side of our apocalyptic imagination of the “end of the world.”
Сравнителен анали3 на физическото развитие и физическата дееспособност на учащи се от гр. серес – гбрция, София – Бьлгария и истанбул – турция (вьзраст: 7 ÷ 18 години)
Authors: Νικολαίδης Θεόδωρος
Published: April 2022

Το σύνολο της βιβλιογραφίας, η πραγματοποιημένη μελέτη και η ανάλυση της φυσικής εξέλιξης και ικανότητας των συμμετεχόντων και από τις τρεις χώρες της Βαλκανικής χερσονήσου (Ελλάδος, Βουλγαρίας και Τουρκίας αντίστοιχα οι πόλεις Σέρρες, Σόφια και Κωνσταντινούπολη) δίνουν την δυνατότητα να γίνουν παρακάτω πιο ουσιώδη συμπεράσματα και ανακεφαλαίωση. 1) Το σύνολο της βιβλιογραφίας που είχαμε, έδειξε πως μέχρι την στιγμή της δικής μας μελέτης δεν είχε πραγματοποιηθεί συγκριτική ανάλυση της φυσικής εξέλιξης και ικανότητας των συμμετεχόντων από 7-18 χρονών μεταξύ των τριών Βαλκανικών χωρών. 2) Σε ιστορικό πλάνο, μελέτες συγκριτικά με αυτόν το σκοπό γίνονται και στις τρεις χώρς από την αρχή του αιώνα μόνο που στην μελέτη της φυσικής εξέλιξης παρουσιάζονται σχετικά ίδιοι δέκτες ενώ για την φυσική ικανότητα η διαφοροποίηση των τέστ των μεθόδων και των εξεταζόμενων συμβόλων είναι πολύ μεγάλη γιατί λείπει η συστηματοποίηση και η ενόποίηση στον περισσότερο χρόνο. Στην Ελλάδα και την Τουρκία στην τελευταία 10ετία υπάρχει θέληση για ταύτιση με το σύστημα του EUROFIT ενώ στην Βουλγαρία το σύστημα EUROFIT δεν έχει εφαρμοσθεί μέχρι στιγμής σε εθνικό και τοπικό επίπεδο. 3) Ανεξάρτητα από την αλληλεπίδραση των αιώνων σε εθνικό και πολιτισμικό επίπεδο μεταξύ των τριών εθνών της Βαλκανικής σε σχέση με την φυσική εξέλιξη των συμμετεχόντων μαθητών ηλικιάς 7-18 χρονών στο τέλος του 20 αιώνα υπάρχουν ισχυρές εθνικό-δημογραφικές διαφορές στην φυσική εξέλιξη και ικανότητα των νέων οι οποίες συνοτπτικά παρουσιάζονται παρακάτω.....
Η αποτύπωση της Μάχης της Κρήτης στον ελλαδικό και διεθνή Τύπο του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου
Authors: Μπάντιου Μαρίνα
Published: April 2022

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή έχει ως στόχο να αναδείξει τη μέθοδο, τη μορφή και τον τρόπο με τα οποία αποτυπώθηκε ένα επεισόδιο του Β΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου λίγο πριν τα μέσα του 1941, όπως η Μάχη της Κρήτης, με ανταποκρίσεις και αναλύσεις τόσο στον Τύπο της εθνικοσοσιαλιστικής Γερμανίας και της φασιστικής Ιταλίας καθώς και στον φίλα προσκείμενο προς τον «Άξονα» Τύπο των κατεχομένων Γαλλίας και Ελλάδας όσο και στον Τύπο της Βρετανίας, της Νέας Ζηλανδίας και της Αυστραλίας αλλά και τον ουδέτερο Τύπο των ΗΠΑ. Μελετάται το διάστημα από τις 20 Μαΐου έως τις πρώτες ημέρες του Ιουνίου 1941, όταν η Μάχη εξακολουθεί να βρίσκεται στο επίκεντρο του ενδιαφέροντος των εφημερίδων της εποχής. Συμπληρωματικά λαμβάνονται υπόψιν τεκμήρια και αρχειακό υλικό που αφορούν στην ποινική δίωξη των εμπλεκόμενων Γερμανών σε εγκλήματα πολέμου στην Ελλάδα κατά την περίοδο της Κατοχής 1941-1944, ειδικότερα τα πρακτικά του Ειδικού Στρατοδικείου Εγκληματιών Πολέμου, το εκδοθέν προσωπικό ημερολόγιο του Υπουργού Προπαγάνδας της Ναζιστικής Γερμανίας Γιόζεφ Γκέμπελς, τεκμήρια για την Κρήτη από το Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών, το Υπουργείο Αμύνης και έγγραφα της Προεδρίας της Κυβερνήσεως της Βρετανίας από τα Εθνικά Αρχεία του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου, το αρχείο Τσώρτσιλ για τη Μάχη, τα διπλωματικά έγγραφα της Ιταλίας από το Ιταλικό Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών καθώς και αρχείο του Γερμανικού Υπουργείου Εξωτερικής Πολιτικής. Με βάση την ανάλυση περιεχομένου, η διατριβή αυτή θα καταλήξει στην ανάδειξη του συνολικού ρόλου που διαδραμάτισε ο Τύπος κατά τη διάρκεια της Μάχης προβάλλοντας παράλληλα τις διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις των εμπολέμων αλλά και των ουδετέρων στην παρουσίαση της Μάχης. Κατ’ αυτόν τον τρόπο θα αναδειχθεί ο προπαγανδιστικός ρόλος των εφημερίδων κυρίως για την κινητοποίηση και την εμπλοκή των «μετόπισθεν» στον ολοκληρωτικό Β΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο. Μέσα από την συγκριτική προσέγγιση, προβολή και ερμηνεία του Τύπου καθίσταται εμφανής η μεροληπτική στάση των εφημερίδων όσον αφορά στην ενημέρωση και τη διαμόρφωση της κοινής γνώμης για τις εξελίξεις με μοναδικά κοινά χαρακτηριστικά, την αντιμετώπιση της Μάχης ως ένα μείζον ζήτημα του Β΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου και την έμμεση αναγνώριση της μεγάλης σημασίας που είχε η ανύψωση του ηθικού των εμπολέμων κοινωνιών και το επιλεκτικό ενδιαφέρον τους. Η κατάκτηση της Κρήτης προβάλλεται ως θέμα γοήτρου μεταξύ των αντιμαχόμενων πλευρών ενώ οι θέσεις τους υπονοούνται με την προβολή θετικών για τους «ημετέρους» ή αρνητικών για τους αντιπάλους σχολιασμών στην περιγραφή των γεγονότων. Τέλος έρχεται στην επιφάνεια φωτογραφικό υλικό, χάρτες και γραπτές μαρτυρίες στρατιωτών της Μάχης της Κρήτης.
Ανάλυση μη γραμμικών φαινομένων σε κυκλώματα έναυσης διόδων φωτεινής εκπομπής (LED)
Authors: Τσίρμπας Ηλίας
Published: April 2022

Οι σύγχρονες φωτεινές πηγές LED χρωστούν πολλά στα κυκλώματα των ηλεκτρονικών ισχύος που τις οδηγούν, έτσι ώστε να φτάσουν στο υψηλό ποιοτικό επίπεδο λειτουργίας τους. Έχει αποδειχθεί όμως, ότι τέτοιες διατάξεις ηλεκτρονικών ισχύος υποφέρουν από μη γραμμικά φαινόμενα, τα οποία υποβιβάζουν σημαντικά την απόδοσή τους. Οι συμβατικές τεχνικές ανάλυσης, που χρησιμοποιούνται στον σχεδιασμό τέτοιων κυκλωμάτων στη βιομηχανία, αποτυγχάνουν να εντοπίσουν αυτές τις επιδράσεις, καθώς οι γραμμικές απλουστεύσεις των μαθηματικών τους μοντέλων παραβλέπουν πολλά από τα ενδογενή μη γραμμικά χαρακτηριστικά αυτών των κυκλωμάτων. Κατά τον σχεδιασμό του μετατροπέα ισχύος για παράδειγμα, η συχνότητα μεταγωγής του τρανζίστορ επιλέγεται συνήθως από τον σχεδιαστή μηχανικό, με βάση κάποια γενικά, γραμμικά χαρακτηριστικά, όπως είναι η γεωμετρία και το φυσικό μέγεθος των πηνίων, χωρίς να ληφθούν υπόψη άλλοι μη γραμμικοί παράγοντες.Μια χαρακτηριστική ιδιότητα ενός μετατροπέα ισχύος, αποτελεί η τοπολογία των εξαρτημάτων του, η οποία μπορεί να επηρεάσει δραστικά τη δυναμική συμπεριφορά του κυκλώματος οδήγησης ενός LED. Από τη βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση, δεν φαίνεται να έχει αναπτυχθεί μια συγκεκριμένη μη γραμμική μεθοδολογία, για τον καθορισμό της βέλτιστης συχνότητας μεταγωγής, προτού σχεδιαστεί ο βρόχος ανάδρασης του κυκλώματος. Η θεωρητική προσέγγιση της παρούσας διατριβής, αναπτύσσει σε συγκεκριμένη τοπολογία, ένα πρακτικό μοντέλο ανοιχτού βρόχου, έτσι ώστε να καθοριστεί η βέλτιστη συχνότητα μεταγωγής του τρανζίστορ. Η διατριβή παρουσιάζει μία εξειδικευμένη μέθοδο μη γραμμικής ανάλυσης, κατά την οποία ανιχνεύτηκαν δύο μη γραμμικές συχνότητες συντονισμού, οι οποίες αποδεικνύεται ότι επηρεάζουν αρνητικά την απόδοση του κυκλώματος τόσο με ωμικό φορτίο, όσο και με το φορτίο ενός LED. Τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης, υποδεικνύουν τις ασταθείς περιοχές των συχνοτήτων μεταγωγής, όπου αποκαλύπτονται και οι δυσμενείς επιδράσεις στην απόδοση της έντασης φωτισμού. Η πλήρης δυναμική συμπεριφορά του κυκλώματος, υπολογίστηκε με καθιερωμένες μεθόδους μη γραμμικής ανάλυσης, όπως είναι η ανάλυση των χρονοσειρών των κυματομορφών, τα πορτραίτα στο χώρο φάσεων, οι τομές Poincaré, οι φασματικές απεικονίσεις, αλλά και τα διαγράμματα διακλάδωσης.Η πρωτότυπη μέθοδος ανάλυσης σε διάταξη ανοιχτού βρόχου, αποτελεί το εργαλείο για να φανούν αυτές οι ξεχωριστές, μη γραμμικές συχνότητες συντονισμού, οι οποίες δεν θα μπορούσαν να ανιχνευτούν με τη συμβατική ανάλυση κλειστού βρόχου, που απαντάται εκτενώς στη βιβλιογραφία. Τα αποτελέσματα τεκμηριώνουν ότι η συγκεκριμένη τοπολογία κυκλώματος μπορεί να οδηγηθεί στο χάος, ανεξάρτητα από το αν περιλαμβάνεται βρόχος ανάδρασης ή όχι, καθώς τα φαινόμενα αυτά είναι εγγενή του κύριου κυκλώματος. Η εναλλακτική τοπολογία που μελετήθηκε, προσφέρει σημαντικά υψηλότερη απόδοση φωτισμού σε διαφορετικές περιοχές συχνοτήτων. Τέλος, γίνεται μία σύγκριση μεταξύ των τοπολογιών, όπου αναδεικνύονται τα συγκεκριμένα οφέλη της επιλεγμένης τοπολογίας, δημιουργώντας τις προϋποθέσεις για περαιτέρω έρευνα.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O ESTILO NO WATAKUSHI SHŌSETSU: KO WO TSURETE, POR KASAI ZENZŌ
Authors: Madruga Cleiton Santiago
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho visa realizar algumas reflexões a respeito das dinâmicas do estilo em narrativas watakushi shōsetsu, a partir dos comentários de Compagnon sobre estilo literário. Utilizarei Ko wo Tsurete, do escritor Kasai Zenzō — uma das principais obras de narrativa watakushi shosetsu do início do século XX — como foco de análise, buscando elementos estilísticos que me permitam traçar e analisar as individualidade do autor no texto. A análise é relevante a partir do momento que entendemos que ambos os conceitos são ligados ao autor intimamente pela essência da individualidade, além de serem fundamentalmente subjetivos.
ARTE E CONHECIMENTO NO ÍON DE PLATÃO: TRÊS MOVIMENTAÇÕES DIALÉTICAS SOBRE A POESIA
Authors: Assumpção Juliana Gama de Brito
Published: April 2022

Embora o diálogo Íon seja a única obra de Platão que aborda a arte poética como assunto central da investigação filosófica, o texto de extensão relativamente curta, identificado como um dos primeiros escritos do autor e tantas vezes encarado como um “ensaio galhofeiro” da controversa condenação de Platão aos poetas na célebre Politeía, ainda espera por leituras que tornem pensada sua relevância para os estudos literários. Com efeito, se a dinâmica do Íon gira em torno da problemática relação entre os domínios da arte/poesia e do conhecimento/filosofia, isso ocorre através da demonstração socrática quanto às limitações técnicas e epistêmicas da arte poética/rapsódica — principalmente, em função de uma noção específica de tékhne. Diante disso, por meio de um estudo atento do texto, neste trabalho proponho identificar e observar três movimentos dialéticos no Íon, de modo a destacar as teorizações acerca da matéria poética que se desenvolvem particularmente em cada um desses movimentos.
A ESCOLHA DE UM HERÓI (POR QUE NÃO HEROÍNA?)
Authors: Melo Braulio Coelho , Silva Márcia Regina De Faria da
Published: April 2022

Neste trabalho, refletiremos sobre a construção do herói na Antiguidade Clássica, ao mesmo tempo que tentamos entender a relação destes com os heróis modernos. Nossa escolha de herói, contudo, não se restringe aos heróis reconhecidos como tal. Escolhemos Carlos Marighella, a personagem do cinema, e buscamos trazer divergências e convergências entre ele e dois grandes heróis da Antiguidade Clássica: Aquiles e Enéias. Uma empreitada difícil, mas possível!
Milrinone vs norepinephrine administration in preventing delayed cerebral ischaemia in cerebral vasospasm: a systematic review
Authors: Dooley Rachael , Nugent Linda , Moore Zena , Patton Declan , O'Connor Tom
Published: April 2022

Background:

Subarachnoid haemorrhage is a form of stroke, classified as traumatic or aneurysmal in origin. Subarachnoid haemorrhage from aneurysmal rupture can cause significant side effects—most frequently, cerebral vasospasm, which increases the risk of developing delayed cerebral ischaemia. Medical and endovascular interventions differ between institutions and regions. However, the most common intervention is medication management with milrinone and norepinephrine.

Aims:

This systematic review determines the effectiveness of milrinone versus norepinephrine administration in preventing delayed cerebral ischaemia in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage patients with cerebral vasospasm.

Methods:

Critical appraisal of 13 studies, consisting of randomised controlled trials, prospective/retrospective case series and reports and cross setional studies, was conducted.

Findings:

There was considerable variation in dosing and co-interventions for both milrinone and norepinephrine administration. Some 11 studies agreed milrinone was more beneficial in increasing cerebral blood flow than norepinephrine. For milrinone, good functional outcomes were identified in 60–100% of assessed populations, compared to 44–64% with norephinephrine. For both medications poor outcomes related to an increased severity of haemorrhage. Adverse effects following milrinone administration were seen in three studies, but were deemed negligible compared to treatment benefit. Only one norepinephrine study reported severe adverse events.

Conclusions:

Milrinone appears to be more beneficial than norepinephrine in preventing delayed cerebral ischaemia, improving functional outcomes and causing less adverse effects. Owing to the low quality of evidence supporting milrinone use in subarachnoid haemorrhgae, further research is needed.
El cerebro del bebé multilingüe
Authors: Hernandez calafat Maria
Published: April 2022

Se hace una revisión de diferents estudios, los cuales demuestran que es beneficioso el aprendizaje simultaneo de dos o más idiomas desde el nacimiento, y de todo lo que conlleva el tener un cerebro bilingüe o multilingüe.
The influence of the natural environment on learning in primary school students
Authors: Duset Panareda Marina
Published: April 2022

Contact with nature changes us in many ways: after a walk in the forest, our body, brain and feelings are different. Those changes have an explanation: green places provide us with numerous benefits. This scientific review explores the relationship between nature and primary education, and the results can make a difference in the way we teach and how we can rethink the education locations. For that, we use the research of the last years to know the scientific evidence that nature produces in students. First, you can find a comparison between rural and urban areas as a place of living and studying and the decreasing numbers of people living in the countryside, compared with the increasing amount of the population moving into the urban areas. Moreover, in this article, you can find how nature can stimulate the brain in a way that provides benefits for academic tasks and also helping students having better behaviour and health. Furthermore, knowing which kind of places provides a better function of learning is a part that the article reports and relates to green spaces. Decreasing levels of cortisol, higher levels of concentration, motivation or more participation of the students, are some of the results that you can find when nature surrounds you. Though, it is not all about benefits for education, but also health takes part when it mixes with nature: we can find fewer levels of depression or anxiety. Focusing on building and reconstructing schools providing more green spaces and large windows to observe wildlife can be helpful in a city area. Use the forest or the playground as a place of learning can be another easy and effective way of taking all the benefits that nature can provide to our students in rural areas.
Método ABN como alternativa matemática de impacto positivo en el rendimiento y en la memoria de trabajo
Authors: GONZÁLEZ FLOREZ Carlos
Published: April 2022

La palabra “Matemáticas” supone para la mayoría de las personas y sobretodo estudiantes un compendio de ideas prefijadas negativas: difíciles, abstractas, incomprensibles, e incluso, generadoras de ansiedad. Generación tras generación se ha empleado el método tradicional sin cuestionarlo en exceso, cuyo tratamiento del número se hace de forma cerrada basada en cifras, exigiendo una abstracción por encima de las posibilidades del alumnado en determinados momentos, mientras que en otros no aprovecha sus habilidades innatas, no existe un equilibrio en este sentido. Estas matemáticas que tienen cabida en la escuela tradicional, además de como se ha indicado, capaces saturar de la memoria de trabajo, están centradas en quehaceres mecánicos, reduciendo considerablemente el razonamiento.  Por ello se propone un Proyecto de Investigación basado en un método alternativo al tradicional, llamado Método ABN. Valorando su influencia en el rendimiento matemático del alumnado de 3º de EPO, así como su impacto en el nivel de memoria de trabajo, considerando esta función ejecutiva mejor predictor del desempeño académico que incluso el cociente intelectual del alumnado2.La naturaleza del Proyecto es cuantitativa con un diseño empírico-analítico, concretamente cuasi-experimental  al contar con grupos experimentales y otros control. Al ser un diseño correlacional se valora la influencia de la variable independiente (el ABN) empleado solo en los grupos experimentales, en contra del tradicional, empleado en los control. Y a su vez supone un diseño comparativo, puesto que pretende analizar las diferencias existentes entre los propios grupos experimentales por diferencias de implantación ABN.  Los resultados del Proyecto son derivados del meta-análisis a modo de síntesis de la evidencia investigativa con el fin de replicar sus resultados y estimar que el empleo del ABN augura un mayor rendimiento matemático y una mejora en el nivel de memoria de trabajo. Las conclusiones del Proyecto no son concluyentes al verse condicionado por la pandemia COVID-19, pero lo indicios apuntan que el adiestramiento mecánico y repetitivo no puede superar la velocidad, efectividad y significatividad práctica (3) alcanzada con el recurso metodológico ABN, al realizar un tratamiento matemático de manera abierta, reflexiva y natural.
El paulatino auge de la neuroeducación en las universidades latinoamericanas: ¿investigar, aplicar o traducir la neurociencia?
Authors: Carvajal Rubén R.
Published: April 2022

La neuroeducación es una nueva disciplina que se ofrece desde hace una década en diversos cursos de posgrado en universidades latinoamericanas. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: Analizar los contenidos discursivos de las ofertas de posgrado en neuroeducación (OPN) presentes en universidades latinoamericanas (UL); Comparar los enfoques teóricos (ET) de las OPN en las UL; Determinar posibles relaciones entre el ranking de las universidades y el tipo de ET de las OPN; Buscar posibles relaciones de las OPN de las UL con otras OPN de universidades anglosajonas y españolas (UAE). Los ET fueron definidos a partir de 60 palabras clave agrupadas en tres criterios: el interdisciplinario (enfatiza la investigación entre educadores, psicólogos y neurocientíficos), el aplicativo (utiliza aportes de la neurociencia para resolver problemas educativos en el aula) y el traductor (facilita la comunicación entre neurociencia y educación, evitando distorsiones y falsas creencias). Se analizaron 41 OPN: 24 de UL y 17 de UAE. La proporción de los ET encontrados en las UL fue: aplicativo 70%, interdisciplinario 23% y traductor 7%. En las UAE fue: interdisciplinario 59%, aplicativo 37% y traductor 4%. Las OPN encontradas fueron pocas en relación al total de universidades: 3,23% en las UL y 0,80% en las UAE. Se hallaron evidencias de la influencia de la corriente Mind, Brain, and Education (Universidad de Harvard) en varias OPN de UL y UAE. No se hallaron relaciones significativas entre el ranking y el ET de las OPN, aunque sí se observó cierta correlación. El 75% de todas las OPN estudiadas proviene de universidades privadas. Ante las escasas OPN en las UL, varias empresas privadas y organizaciones no gubernamentales están asumiendo la difusión masiva de la neuroeducación. Esta investigación aportó un diagnóstico nunca antes mostrado de las UL y un método de análisis conceptual para interpretar el discurso de las OPN. Los resultados de esta investigación sirvieron para la elaboración de varias propuestas de inserción de la neuroeducación en Venezuela, entre ellas: la asignatura electiva Neuroeducación para cursos de pregrado y el seminario doctoral Mente, Cerebro y Educación.
Neuroeducar en la divergencia a través del análisis genérico del perfil neurocognitivo: ejemplificación a través del Síndrome de Turner
Authors: Rodríguez Aroa Casado
Published: April 2022

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar la importancia de la neuroeducación divergente y evidenciar que no es estrictamente necesario tener un conocimiento altamente especializado para llevar a cabo cambios funcionales y relevantes en el aula. Con esa finalidad, se propone un esquema de trabajo simple y estructurado para que su repetibilidad sea fácilmente transferible a cualquier etapa educativa y a cualquier condición divergente. El modelo aquí propuesto consiste en realizar un mapa conceptual con la ayuda de buscadores científicos con la intención de dar herramientas a los educadores para que planifiquen y fundamenten sus prácticas diarias en la evidencia científica, enmarcada siempre dentro de un contexto pedagógico de reflexión. También pretende evidenciar que el conocimiento científico puede y debe ser transferible a cualquier ámbito social con los ajustes y adaptaciones pertinentes, sin implicar esa transferencia, necesariamente, una pérdida de rigor intelectual. A lo largo de este escrito se considera que dar herramientas a los educadores, para comprender el perfil neurocognitivo de los alumnos neurodivergentes que pueden llegar a encontrarse en el aula, no sólo es positivo para el trabajo de las dificultades de aprendizaje específicas del alumnado, sino que abre un abanico de posibilidades para el crecimiento personal y profesional de dichos educadores.La neuroeducación lleva evidenciando desde su creación como disciplina, que enseñar a las personas cómo funciona su propio cerebro genera cambios: en su forma de entender el mundo, en su proceso de aprendizaje y en su forma de educar. Por ello, la educación en las particularidades del cerebro neuroatípico puede generar un cambio de paradigma en el contexto educativo, ya que educar en base a la forma en la que aprende un cerebro diferente puede condicionar por un lado su aprendizaje y por otro puede paliar los problemas de adaptación de lo diferente a un mundo tan estandarizado como el nuestro.
Educación en tiempos de COVID-19: ¿Cómo afecta el estrés al aprendizaje?
Authors: Bueno i Torrens David
Published: April 2022

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha alterado profundamente la dinámica educativa, afectando los estados emocionales de los estudiantes y, en consecuencia, su aprendizaje y bienestar. Para hacer frente a esta situación, se deben hacer esfuerzos para reducir el estrés, la ansiedad y los sentimientos de soledad y aislamiento de los estudiantes.