bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced aging effects on implicit motor imagery and its links to motor performance: An investigation via mental rotation of letters, hands, and feet
Authors: Muto Hiroyuki , Suzuki Maki , Sekiyama Kaoru
Published: March 2022

This study focuses on changes in implicit motor imagery during advanced aging and these changes’ co-occurrences with physical motor deficits. We administered a mental rotation (MR) task with letters, hands, and feet to 28 young adults (20–27 years) and to 71 older adults (60–87 years), and assessed motor skills (gait mobility and hand dexterity) and neuropsychological performance. Compared to young adults, older adults showed lower MR performance for all stimuli and stronger biomechanical constraint effects on both hand and foot rotation. Moreover, the foot biomechanical constraint effect continued to increase during late adulthood, and declines in hand and foot motor imagery emerged at earlier old ages than declines in visual imagery. These results first demonstrated distinct aging trajectories of hand motor imagery, foot motor imagery, and visual imagery. Exploratory partial correlation analysis for older adults showed positive associations of low-level perceptual-motor skills (Trail Making Test-A performance) with hand and foot MR performance and positive associations of mobility (Timed Up and Go test performance) with foot and letter MR performance. These associations exhibited somewhat different patterns from those of young adults and raised the possibility that age-related declines in motor (and visual) imagery co-occur with declines in motor functioning.
Some right ways to analyze (psycho)linguistic data
Authors: Vasishth Shravan
Published: March 2022

Much has been written on the abuse and misuse of statistical methods, including p-values, statistical significance, etc. I present some of the best practices in statistics using a running example data analysis. Fo- cusing primarily on frequentist and Bayesian linear mixed models, I illustrate some defensible ways in which statistical inference—specifically, hypothesis testing using Bayes factors vs. estimation or uncertainty quantification—can be carried out. The key is to not overstate the ev- idence and to not expect too much from statistics. Along the way, I demonstrate some powerful ideas, the most important ones being using simulation to understand the design properties of one’s experiment before running it, visualizing data before carrying out a formal analysis, and simulating data from the fitted model to understand the model’s behavior.
The Internet of Social Robots with Things (IoSRT)
Authors: Hargreaves Robert
Published: March 2022

This literature review explored how ultra-wideband technologies may advance social robotics in the commercial domain, considering robot-human recognition and user modelling. Three existing articles entered the review, two were enriched using the systematic mapping study approach, following exclusions 123 papers entered into the inquiry. Focus areas included understanding how diminished user exposure affects adaptivity in social robots, their recognition modalities, impact of face masks, user modelling architectures and existing ultra- wideband implementations within the wider robotics realm. Results demonstrated the multi- faceted dependencies social robots have with faces, limited user exposure led to loss of key features, ultra-wideband had not been applied with social robots. Exploration of user modelling techniques points to Bayesian inference as a way to inform dialogue strategy. The next generation of social robot in the commercial space may be defined as an instrument within the wider cyber-physical system where it becomes a socially intelligent, knowledgeable agent. Ultra-wideband combined with systems from Industry 4.0 appear to not only hold the key to identifying humans accurately but could also add pseudo- autobiographical memory that does not require prior user exposure.
Konsep Profesionalisme Keguruan
Authors: Pitriani Anisa
Published: March 2022

Profesi secara etimologis berasal dari kata profesion (bahasa Inggris) yang berasal daribahasa latin profesus yang berarti “mampu atau ahli dalam suatu bentuk pekerjaan”. Profesidapat juga diartikan sebagai suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan yang memerlukan keterampilan,yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan tertentu, sesuai dengan persyaratankhusus, memiliki tanggung jawab dan kode etik tertentu. Sebuah profesi membutuhkankeahlian dan kompetensi khusus dalam menjalankan profesinya. Penegasan guru sebagaiguru yang profesional sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 1 UU No. 14 Tahun 2005tentang Guru dan Dosen, dan tepat sebagai berikut, guru adalah pendidik profesionaldengan tugas pokok mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih,mengevaluasi, dan mengevaluasi peserta didik PAUD melalui jalur pendidikan formal,pendidikan dasar, dan pendidikan menengah. Kedudukan guru dilatarbelakangi oleh adanyalembaga pendidikan yang menghasilkan calon guru untuk menghasilkan guru yangprofesional. Dan itulah mengapa ada profesi guru.
KONSEP PROFESI KEGURUAAN
Authors: Hapsah Siti
Published: March 2022

Guru merupakan sosok yang begitu dihormati karena memiliki sumbangan yang cukup besar terhadap keberhasilan pembelajaran di sekolah. Guru sangat berperan dalam membantu perkembangan peserta didik untuk mencapai kemampuan optimalnya. Ketika orang tua mendaftarkan anaknya di setiap jenjang pendidikan pada sekolah tertentu, pada saat itu juga ia menaruh harapan cukup besar terhadap guru, agar anaknya dapat memperoleh pendidikan, pembinaan dan pembelajaran serta bimbingan sehingga anak tersebut dapat berkembang secara optimal. Minat, bakat, kemampuan dan potensi peserta didik tidak akan berkembang secara optimal tanpa bantuan guru. Dalam kaitan ini guru perlu memperhatikan peserta didik secara individual.Tugas guru tidak hanya mengajar, namun juga mendidik, mengasuh, membimbing dan membentuk kepribadian anak didik guna menyiapkan dan mengem- bangkan sumber daya yang dimiliki masing-masing peserta didik. Demikian besar tugas dan tanggung jawab guru, sehingga dibutuhkan sikap dan perilaku yang bisa menjadi teladan bagi anak didiknva. Guru profesional harus menjadikan anak didik sebagai mitra pembelajaran, karena harapan mereka adalah menjadi manusia berakhlak, kreatif dan inovatif untuk meraih cita-citanya.
Review and Assessment of Public Expenditure on Social Assistance in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Jyoti
Published: March 2022

This paper provides an overview of the social protection programmes and expenditure trends over the ten-year period (FY2011-FY 2020) and presents an assessment of the social assistance programmes. The aim of the paper is to critically review the expenditure and assess the social assistance programmes in Nepal in terms of their coverage, adequacy, and outcomes. The paper uses quantitative data to analyse the expenditure trend and presents a qualitative assessment of social assistance relying on existing data and literature. At 3.9 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in FY 2019, Nepal spends a substantial amount of its budget on social protection. There is a sound legal basis for social protection programmes. However, the policy and institutional landscape remains fragmented and there are gaps in terms of its coverage and adequacy. Existing programmes do not address all risks and vulnerabilities comprehensively or adequately, by design. Few programmes explicitly target the economically poor or aim to reduce poverty. Important coverage gaps remain among those eligible for existing programmes, mainly due to implementation challenges. In addition, they are not scalable in design, mainly in terms of responding to shocks. Spending is heavily skewed towards the elderly with relatively low spending on early childhood. Finally, the paper also presents simulations to show that the fiscal implications of reforms to address some of these challenges over the next 10 years which implies that the reforms would result in moderate increase in the expenditure.
Impact of Social Protection Mechanism for Child Protection
Authors: Acharya Debaki , Poudel Tilottam , Khadka Sumikshya , Tamrakar Shristi , Tamrakar Shreya
Published: March 2022

Social protection schemes are designed to address the vulnerability of all the citizens through policy and programmes. As one of the integral agenda of the Government of Nepal, social protection programmes have covered a wide range of citizens through various schemes including cash, in-kind, and food transfers among others. Children, as the most vulnerable citizens needing support for growth, empowerment and sustenance, are the core recipients of the social protection programmes. Analysis of the current contribution of social protection programmes in child protection through the review of policy, programmes and budget allocated by the federal as well as provincial governments shows lack of compliance between the annual policy, programme and budget to shield children under social protection schemes. In addition, all the policy provisions haven’t been exclusively supported by budgetary provisions. Though significant benefits and social security allowances have been placed for children covering education, health, protection, nutrition, and development, this study shows further need of investment on children focused programmes. Similarly, it reveals that though Dalits, girls, conflict-affected, martyr’s children, children with disabilities and other most marginalised and disadvantaged are covered by the social protection programmes, a large part of the sexual and gender minority children have been excluded from these supports due to lack of awareness and accessibility to such schemes.
Nepal’s Relationship with India and China in the Changing Context
Authors: Nepal Dilip
Published: March 2022

Nepal cherishes aged old relationship with India and China. The geo-physical proximity, socio-cultural resemblances in many instances, economy and trade bound historical linkages are few among many aspects, on backdrop of which Nepal has sustained a bilateral and trilateral relationship with India and China. Nevertheless, in course of time, the historical dynamism of relation has changed. This article, in this context, attempts to assess the present day changed dynamics of relationship among Nepal, India and China. It attempts to explore the emergence areas of priorities that have brought trilateral relationship into a newer avenue. I have purposively used a few source books relating to foreign policy of Nepal and Nepal, India, and China relationship to collect data and conceive ideas on trends of relationship development among these three nations. I have applied descriptive research design and attempted to analyze the observed events and incidents in the relationship among these three nations and present it in an understandable manner. The study overall revealed that the economic rise of India and China has brought myriad opportunities to Nepal. However, the emergence of these two immediate neighbors as regional rival and as pursuant of two different ideological interests has higher prospect to grit Nepal’s national interest, and entangle it into a grave tension if it fails to maintain a balance relationship with both the nations. To Nepal, it is a high time to safeguard its national interest and refrain herself from being under the influence of either of the nations as its card.
Seasonal Variation of Enteric Fever in Kathmandu Valley and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Salmonella Enterica
Authors: Subedi Kusum , Gautam Sushma , Swar Rajeshwori , Arjyal Charu , Rijal Basista Prasad
Published: March 2022

Enteric fever is of public health concern globally, more in the developing countries, which has been causing many morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. It is mostly related to poor sanitation and contaminated drinking water. This study aims to study the seasonal variation of enteric fever seen in Kathmandu valley and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolated bacteria. Therefore, blood culture of suspected patients of enteric fever was conducted from April 2018 to April 2020 using standard microbiological techniques; antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute -2017 guidelines. During the study, 104 isolates of Salmonella enteric were isolated, of which Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were 77.9%, while Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A and B were 21.1% and 1% respectively. Although enteric fever was prevalent throughout the year, the highest number of cases was during the summer. With the increase in temperature, there was also an increase in the cases. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile recorded high resistance of isolates towards Nalidixic acid (97.1%) and Ciprofloxacin (91.3%) while 96% sensitivity to both Ampicillin and Cefixime. This study revealed the occurrence of enteric fever throughout the year, but a large number of cases (51%) are concentrated in the monsoon. Similarly, the resistance of fluoroquinolones reached an alarming state making them inappropriate for use. Ampicillin and Cefixime can be the drug of choice for empirical therapy of enteric fever.
Factors Associated with Safe Motherhood Practices among Young Married Women
Authors: Karki Rita Devi
Published: March 2022

Safe motherhood is one of the key components of reproductive health and young women are notably concerned with the population of it in Nepal. This study attempts to analyze the factors associated with safe motherhood practices among young married women in five child marriage prevalence districts identified by UNFPA. The analysis uses data from research entitled “Situation Assessment of Child Marriage in Selected Five Intervention Districts of Nepal” conducted in 2017.It was confined to the women (N=239) who had at least one child. Bivariate analysis is used to identify the level of association between background characteristics and safe motherhood practices. The result showed nearly four in five (77.8%) women were married age at 15-19 years and more than three-fifth (61.1%) started to give birth. Regarding education, only 18 percent received the degree of SLC and above. Women who were engaged in marriage at below 15 have significantly fewer visits to the ANC in comparison to the women married at age 20-24 years. Women who have two or more children were significantly less likely to visit health institutions for delivery and PNC. The result indicates that adolescents face a high risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth due to biological immaturity and socio-economic factors.
Meta-Analysis Study of Problem-Based Learning Models on Student's Mathematic Ability at Junior High School and High School Levels
Authors: Ajinegara Muhamad Wulidasauma , Nuriadin Ishaq
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of problem-based learning models on students' mathematical abilities at the junior and senior high school levels. This research method uses a meta-analysis method with a sample of 15 articles in national journals and an instrument in the form of coding (code category) which is divided into several characteristics and calculates the effect size of each characteristic using the Glass formula. The results of this meta-analysis showed that the effect of problem-based learning models on students' mathematical abilities at the high school level was higher than junior high school education with students' critical thinking abilities having a higher influence than other mathematical abilities.

Keywords: Problem Based Learning, Meta-Analysis, Mathematical Ability.
Mathematical Literacy Ability Based on Higher Level Thinking
Authors: Rianti Meilynda Rizky , Toheri Toheri , Kusmanto Hadi
Published: March 2022

This The 21st century requires human resources who have superior quality with critical thinking skills, creativity, collaboration, and communication skills. Education is the main sector that plays a role in increasing the number of human resources with superior skills. The research objectives are: 1) Knowing the mathematical literacy skills of students 2) Knowing the higher order thinking skills of students 3) Knowing the correlation between mathematical literacy and students' higher-order thinking skills. The research method used in this research is correlational, without giving any treatment. The data collection technique in this study was a test technique, with the research population being students of class X SMA Negeri 2 Kuningan with a total of 249 students. The sampling technique used was Stratified Random Sampling so that the number of samples taken was 35 students. The results obtained that the level of mathematical literacy ability seen in each indicator obtained results on the formulate indicator with a mean value of 66.09 being in the good category, the mean value of the employing indicator of 78.43 being in the good category, while the mean value of the employing indicator was 78.43. the indicator interprets the mean value of 27.51 in the low category. Meanwhile, the level of students' higher order thinking skills seen in each indicator obtained an average score or mean from the analyzing indicator (C4) of 56, the C5 indicator evaluated getting the mean or average value of 53.57, and the mean value of the C6 indicator. create 44.57. The mean or average value obtained for each indicator is interpreted based on test scores with a sufficient category for the C4 indicator, the low category for the C5 indicator, and the very low category on the C6 indicator, and the results of this study indicate that there is a significant correlation between mathematical literacy and ability students' higher order thinking.

Keywords: mathematical literacy, high order thinking skill.
Development of Instructional Media on Mathematics Assisted Mobile Learning-Based with I-SPRING ON Algebraic Materials
Authors: Hanifah Ririn , Sari Dwi Ivayana , Aini Nur
Published: March 2022

This study aims to develop mobile learning-based mathematics learning media that can be accessed offline, as a solution to the problems faced by students during the learning process from home. The test subjects of this study were 25 students of SMP Taman Sari. The research method uses the ADDIE development model which consists of 5 stages, namely: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. From the research process carried out, the results obtained are media that are developed and practical to use.

Keyword : Mathematics Learning Media, Applications, Mobile Learning.
The Development of E-book Based on Realistic Mathematics Education (PMR) Approach to Improve Mathematical Communication Skills in Class VIII Junior High School Students
Authors: Tania Wan Putri , Siregar Nurhasanah
Published: March 2022

This study aims to obtain an e-book based on the Realistic Mathematics Education (PMR) approach that is valid, practical, and effective so that it can improve students' mathematical communication skills on the Two-Variable Linear Equation System (SPLDV) material. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research instruments used were questionnaire and instrument validation sheets, lesson plans validation sheets, e-book validation sheets, mathematical communication skills tests, and student and teacher response questionnaires to e-books. Based on the research, the results of the RPP validation were obtained with a percentage of 88% (very valid), e-book validation with a percentage of 82% for material, and 90% for media with a very valid category. The results of student responses with the percentage of the practicality of 86% (very practical) and the teacher's response questionnaire with the percentage of the practicality of 86% (very practical). The results obtained by meeting the effective criteria with a classical student learning completeness score of 96%, more than 65% of students achieving 75% of the learning objectives for each indicator, and the learning time is the same as ordinary learning in field trials and student responses are good to the e-book provided. developed. Through the Gain test, it is seen that students' mathematical communication skills using e-books based on the PMR approach have increased by 0.7, meaning that they are in the high category.

Keywords: e-book, realistic mathematics education, mathematical communication.
Giving an Individual Tutoring for 8th Grade Student in the Errors of Solving the Problem of Essay Test for Comparative Material in SMPN 232 Jakarta
Authors: Aldona Yusufira , Sampoerno Pinta Deniyanti , Hakim Lukman El , Wijayanti Dwi Antari
Published: March 2022

This study aims to describe students’ errors in solving the problem of essay test for comparative material based on the type of errors, describe the causes of students making errors, and conduct individual tutoring to minimize and overcome students’ errors. This is action research that conducted in three cycles with Research Subject (RS) for four students of class VIII F SMPN 232 Jakarta. Each RS represents one type of error based on the results of error analysis on initial test that given during pre-cycle, successive factual error, conceptual error, operation error, and principle of error. The instruments used in this study were initial test, end-cycle tests, documentation tools, interview guidelines, tutor guidelines, observation sheets, and field notes. The data was analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that in cycle I, RS1 still made a factual error, RS2 also made a conceptual error, while RS3 and RS4 had not made any errors. In cycle II and III, RS1, RS2, RS3, and RS4 had not made any errors. The cause of the factual error is lack of thoroughness. The cause of the conceptual error is not understanding the concept of the comparison type. The cause of the operation error is lack of thoroughness and haste. The cause of the principle of error is lack of thoroughness. It can be concluded that individual tutoring can minimize and overcome students’ errors in solving the problem of essay test for comparative material.

Keywords: students’ error, essay test, individual tutoring, comparative material.
MANAGEMENT OF TRINEXAPAC-ETHYL APPLICATION IN SOYBEAN
Authors: Souza Isabela Letícia , Silva Tiago Roque Benetoli da , Paiola Albrecht Leandro
Published: March 2022

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of using management of growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus®)) over plant height, lodging, productivity and grain yield of soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merrill. cv. BS 2606 IPRO). For that, an experiment was installed in field conditions, by using a randomized block design, with four replications; experimental unit was constituted of five lines of four meters in           length, spaced at 0.45 m.  Treatments were constituted by the application of growth regulator, as follows: without application; total dose between V3 and V4; total dose between V5 and V6; ½ dose between V3 and V4 + ½ dose between V5 and V6; total dose between V3 and V4 + total dose between V5 and V6, totaling five treatments. Productive components, mass of 100 grains and grain yield were evaluated. Results were not significant for studied variables regardless of management, differing only from the control.
Keywords: oilseed; lodging; plant regulator; application management; grain yield.
 
Manejo da aplicação de trinexapac-ethyl na soja
 
RESUMO: Esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da utilização de manejos do regulador de crescimento (trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus®)) sobre altura, acamamento, produtividade e rendimento de plantas de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill. cv. BS 2606 IPRO). Com isso, instalou-se um experimento em condições de campo, com o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições; a unidade experimental constituiu-se de cinco linhas de quatro metros de comprimento, espaçadas em 0,45 m entre elas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação do regulador de crescimento, sendo: sem aplicação; dose total entre V3 e V4; dose total entre V5 e V6; ½ dose entre V3 e V4 + ½ dose entre V5 e V6; dose total entre V3 e V4 + dose total entre V5 e V6, perfazendo cinco tratamentos. Foram avaliados os componentes produtivos, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade. Os resultados não foram estatisticamente significativos para as variáveis avaliadas independente dos manejos, diferindo apenas da testemunha.
Palavras-chave: oleaginosa; acamamento; regulador vegetal; manejo de aplicação; produtividade.
Management Congenital Heart Disease Surgery during COVID-19: A Review Article
Authors: Putra Gofur Nanda Rachmad , Putri Gofur Aisyah Rachmadani , Soesilaningtyas Soesilaningtyas , Putra Gofur Rizki Nur Rachman , Kahdina Mega , Martadila Putri Hernalia
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Congenital heart disease is a form of heart abnormality that has been acquired since the newborn. The clinical course of this disorder varies from mild to severe. In mild forms, there are often no symptoms, and no abnormalities are found on clinical examination. Whereas in severe CHD, symptoms have been visible since birth and require immediate action. Generally, the management of congenital heart disease includes non-surgical management and surgical management. Non-surgical management includes medical management and interventional cardiology. Medical management is generally secondary as a result of complications from heart disease itself or due to other accompanying disorders. In this case, the goal of medical therapy is to relieve symptoms and signs in addition to preparing for surgery. The duration and method of administration of drugs depend on the type of disease at hand. Discussion: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which led to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, was initially reported in Wuhan, China in December, 2019. The rapid rise in the number of cases worldwide led to hospitals struggling to cope with the sudden influx of patients. This has had a ripple effect on other parts of health care as manpower and supplies needed to be reallocated. Within cardiology, this has led to outpatient appointments and elective surgeries being reduced and/or postponed. COVID-19 appears to have a complicated relationship with cardiovascular system, as studies have suggested cardiovascular diseases increase disease severity and mortality rates in those who are infected. However, the virus has also been shown to cause cardiovascular complications such as acute myocardial injury, heart failure, and arrhythmia. Conclusion: Coronavirus may also cause myocardial injury via the cytokine storm that occurs in response to a possible large immune response during the infection. Cardiac involvement such as right ventricular failure and congestion can either be a result of respiratory distress or direct cardiac injury caused by the virus, as suggested by the raised cardiac troponin I in critical patients compared to non-critical patients.
Urbane Onomastik in Białystok. Zu Funktionen der Straßenbezeichnungen nach der NS-Umbennenung von 1942
Authors: Feret Andrzej S. , Feret Magdalena Z.
Published: March 2022

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Problemy odbioru i odbiorcy w pracach Jurija Łotmana. Część 2.
Authors: Żyłko Bogusław
Published: March 2022

This article presents Yuri Lotman’s reflections on a reception of a literary work in the context of contemporary theories of reading. The first part of the article presents Lotman’s position in an evolutionary perspective from Lectures on structural poetics (1964) to Culture and explosion (1992). The second part places Lotman’s position in numerous contemporary conceptions of reception and points to the close resemblance to Umberto Eco’s ideas, which were developed in his book Lector in fabula.
Genese, Verlauf und Symptome der Alkoholkrankheit am Beispiel des Romans Der Trinker von Hans Fallada
Authors: Łyjak Konrad
Published: March 2022

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Multisensoryczność "Listów do Very" Vladimira Nabokova
Authors: Ginter Anna
Published: March 2022

The main aim of the present paper is to investigate and describe the nature of synaesthetic devices employed by Vladimir Nabokov evident in his letters to his wife – Vera Slonim. The analysis of the language and style of the matrimonial intimate correspondence, written for one reader only, is expected to provide evidence allowing one to establish whether the numerous variants of perceptual synaesthesia employed by Nabokov in all his literary texts reflect his genuine synaesthetic experiences or whether such can only serve as examples of the writer’s passion for creating a kind of perceptual play on words and puzzles.
Opis procesu indywiduacji narratora na przykładzie "Śmierci w bunkrze" Martina Pollacka
Authors: Bednarska-Kociołek Joanna
Published: March 2022

Individuation is, according to Jung, a process of self-awareness (Selbstwerdung). Martin Pollack’s The Dead Man in the Bunker (2004) is the example of a narrative illustrating the process of individuation. In this book, Pollack presents the fight against the memory of his ancestors – the Nazis and the subsequent stages of the process of his own maturation. This article describes how the narrator expresses himself through literature and how the literary process changes him. The author presents the successive phases of identity building and shows how the process of individuation proceeded depending on these phases. The key thesis of this article is that texts are not only a description of the process, but above all its tool.
Business Interpreting: A world of Dialogue between Conferences and Communities
Authors: Krajewska Katarzyna
Published: March 2022

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Ordinary Violence, Emotion, Information, and Anxiety
Authors: Palmer William
Published: March 2022

The study of violence has emerged as an important analytical category for historical analysis, especially in the areas where Europeans attempted to establish either dominance or colonies, such as Ireland, North America, Asia, and the Middle East. This article surveys some recent work on colonial violence, in which historians have tried to distinguish between different types of violence and have pointed to the importance of intelligence gathering, fear, and emotion as analytical tools for understanding the nature of colonial violence.
Illyria Remembered
Authors: McCallam David
Published: March 2022

This article examines how four French memorialists recall and represent the former imperial territories of the Illyrian Provinces (1809–1813) on the eastern Adriatic seaboard. It explores how their memoirs deploy Enlightenment ethnography and Romantic exoticism in distinct ways while problematizing these approaches in light of lived experiences in the region. The article thus sheds light on the evolving character of tropes about the western Balkans in early nineteenth-century France, highlighting the influence the landscapes, cultures, and peoples of the territories had on the French officials posted there, including on their later self-presentation as memorialists.
Senses and Gender in Modern and Ancient Greek Healing Rituals
Authors: Håland Evy Johanne
Published: March 2022

This article presents ethnographic fieldwork combined with studies of historical sources to explore modern and ancient healing rituals in Greece. It focuses on the importance of the senses, especially smell, taste, and sight, in relation to gendered practices and beliefs about healing. In Greece, healing rituals are generally connected with the domestic sphere where women are the dominant agents of power. Based upon the author’s fieldwork, the article presents the “female sphere” from the perspectives of female informants. It seeks to deconstruct male perceptions of women and their magic healing rituals that appear in ancient sources produced by men, by a comparison with the modern material.
Explore Areas of Needed Support, Competencies, Attitudes, and Concerns of Elementary School Teachers for Inclusion of CWDS in Elementary Schools of Punjab
Authors: Mehmood Muhammad Umar , Parveen Zahida
Published: March 2022

Punjab has 310 special education centers with 7 Percent CWPDs. CWPDs are primarily considered for inclusion. In Punjab, 3549 Male Elementary schools have 12 44,137 students in SED. The study aimed to explore areas of needed support, competencies, attitudes, and concerns of ESTs for inclusion in elementary schools. A qualitative approach with exploratory research was used. 36 ESTs teaching CWPDs in the mainstream from 12 districts of Punjab selected by purposive sampling, interviewed with semi-structured interview protocol. Through thematic analysis, it found that teachers teaching CWPDs in the mainstream have a concept of IE. They believe inclusion will be successful while parties are involved; otherwise, inclusion will be just an unrealistic idea because few teachers can't change the whole setup. Govt. should take action to make it possible as this is an international voice. This study will be helpful in developing teacher support programs for successful inclusion and explore visions of universities for up-gradation of the content of professional degrees.
Surgical management of brain metastasis as a part of systematic metastases from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal: illustrative case
Authors: Kuramitsu Shunichiro , Motomura Kazuya , Nakajima Yasuhiro , Tsujiuchi Takashi , Motomura Ayako , Matsuo Mamoru , Fukaya Nobuhisa , Kageyama Akinori , Kojima Iori , Ohno Masasuke , Saito Ryuta
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the external auditory canal (EAC) is a rare tumor that accounts for approximately 5% of all EAC tumors. ACC is generally known as a slow-growing tumor, but patients often experience recurrence or distant metastasis in the long clinical course. While the major pattern of recurrence is pulmonary metastasis, brain metastasis of ACC of the EAC is rare.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors describe the case of a 72-year-old male who was diagnosed with ACC of the EAC. Approximately 7 years later, brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intra-axial homogenously enhancing mass lesion that had no direct connection with the skull base in the left frontal lobe. The patient underwent tumor resection and histopathological examination revealed a mixture of cribriform and tubular patterns. The image and pathological characteristics of the tumor were similar to those of primary ACC or ACC from other sites of origin.

LESSONS

While patients with ACC of the EAC often experience recurrence or distant metastasis in the long clinical course, they survive for a relatively long period of time, even though an optimal treatment has not been established. The authors therefore recommend surgical resection for brain metastasis of ACC of the EAC to improve neurological symptoms.
SIMULATION OF CELLS FOR SIGNALS INTENSITY TRANSFORMATION IN MIXED IMAGE PROCESSORS AND ACTIVATION FUNCTIONS OF NEURONS IN NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, KRASILENKO VLADIMIR , LAZAREV ALEXANDER , NIKITOVICH Diana ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: March 2022

The paper considers results of design, simulation of continuously logical pixel cells (CLPC) based on current mirrors (CM) with functions of preliminary analogue processing for image intensity transformation and coding for construction of mixed image processors (IP) and neural networks (NN). The methodology and principles of construction of such cells are based on the use of piecewise-linear approximation of functions for nonlinear transformation of analog signals. It is shown that for the realization of generalized arbitrary functions by such gamma correctors, it is possible to apply basic step functions with controlled parameters. To implement the basic step functions, it is proposed to use nodes that perform a continuous-logical operation of a limited current difference and are quite simply implemented on current reflectors (VDS). The design and modeling of continuous-logical pixel cells (CLPC) based on VDS in different modes and for different conversion functions. Such CLC has a number of advantages: high speed and reliability, simplicity, small power consumption, high integration level for linear and matrix structures. We show design of CLC variants for photocurrents transformation and their simulations. The basic element of such cells is a scheme that implements the operation of a bounded difference of continuous logic. Using a set of circuits implemented on CMOS technology, we consider generalized methods for designing cells for nonlinear conversion of the photocurrent intensity. Selection of the appropriate parameters, which can be specified as constructive constants or as parameters for external control, allows changing type of synthesized functions. Possibilities of synthesis by such cells of functions with descending sections and different types are shown: sigmoid, lambda and others. Such CLPCs consist of several dozen CMOS transistors, have low power supply voltage (1.8 ÷ 3.3V), the range of an input photocurrent is 0.1÷24μA, the transformation time is less than 1 μs, low power consumption (microwatts). The circuits and the simulation results of their design with OrCAD are shown. Examples of nonlinear image transformations are given.
ONSUMER PROPERTIES OF MICROGREEN AND FEATURES OF APPLICATION IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: GORACH OLGA , RESVIH NINA ,   Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University
Published: March 2022

The paper presents the results of research on the use of microgreens in the food industry for the manufacture of food products for various functional purposes, established the consumer properties of microgreens of different crops, the benefits of their use in the food industry. Current trends in the formation of a healthy diet dictate the need to create new products with increased biological and physiological value. An important role in this is played by the possibility of using raw materials grown in the immediate vicinity of the places of its processing. This significantly reduces the cost of transportation and storage of raw materials, expand the range of food. Improving the nutrition of the population is possible through the use in the recipe of natural plant raw materials, traditionally grown, collected, prepared and processed in Ukraine, which has high biological value is an important scientific and technical task of the food industry. Demands for food products are growing – they must not only meet the established, traditional tastes of consumers, but also belong to the category of healthy foods, not harm the human body, but strengthen it. There is a new need for nutrition, in which the necessary component of food is recognized not only useful but also dietary fiber. The medicinal properties of microgreens and their effects on human health have been studied. Features of their cultivation, storage and transportation are considered. It is established that the further use of microgreens in the food industry requires further studies of consumer properties, which took into account their impact on the human body, ie sanitary, antiseptic, biological properties, as well as their energy and medicinal value. In addition, today the issues of developing resource-saving technologies for processing and storage of finished raw materials remain unresolved and relevant, which will significantly extend the shelf life and use of raw materials, which in the future will lead to the use of these raw materials not only domestic but also European markets. Studies to determine the consumer properties of microgreens, we conclude that it contains a large number of vitamins, essential amino acids, minerals such as calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iodine, iron, etc. and chlorophyll, in addition, has a preventive and curative effect. It strengthens the immune system, increases the body’s efficiency, has a beneficial effect on the endocrine and nervous systems, improves kidney function, improves cardiovascular function, reduces capillary permeability and has anti-inflammatory effects, and sulforaphane has anti-cancer and antibacterial effects. However, the further use of microgreens in the food industry requires further studies of consumer properties, which took into account their impact on the human body, ie sanitary, antiseptic, biological properties, as well as their energy and medicinal value.
RESEARCH OF THE PROCEDURE OF INITIAL ACCESS TO THE FIFTH GENERATION COMMUNICATION NETWORK
Authors:   Khmelnytskyі Politechnic Professional College of Lviv Politechnic National University, PYATIN I. , MAKARYSHKIN D. , MISHAN V. , SHPIRUK M. ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: March 2022

Traditional mobile networks have bandwidth and infrastructure limitations. Each base station has a limited number of users and data capacity. 5G technology uses advanced technologies, such as massive MIMO and beamforming, to increase data rates and spectrum efficiency. These features, and the large number of small cells, allow many 5G users to receive low latency and high traffic without overloading the base station. Small cells work the same way as regular cells, but use new technology and millimetre waves (5G New Radio). Low-power base stations can be easily deployed. Cell search is a procedure by which the user equipment (UE) obtains time and frequency synchronization with the base station and decodes the cell ID of the mobile device. System information is broadcast information that is periodically transmitted by the base station on the downlink. This is very important information for the mobile device (UE) needed to connect to the base station (gNB). The UE reads system information to determine the location of mobile devices when turned on, to select and re-select a cell. System information provides the following information: system frame number, system bandwidth, PLMN, mobile subscriber selection and redial thresholds, etc., required to access the network. Physical Cell ID (PCI) is used to distinguish mobile devices in the network radio communication. PLMN (Public land Mobile Network) – mobile network service area. Is a set of all mobile devices of one cellular network operator. The UE scans the bandwidth in the sync raster. The synchronization raster indicates the frequency positions of the synchronization unit that can be used by the UE to detect the system when there is no explicit indication of the position of the synchronization unit. In the next step, the UE decodes the primary and secondary synchronization signals to obtain the Physical Cell ID (PCI) and the DMRS PBCH. The base station transmits SSB packets that contain one SSB per beam. The beam direction changes for each SSB transmission. The following steps are performed to complete the synchronization procedure. The UE selects the preferred beam and decodes the PBCH MIB information, such as SFN, SSB index, raster offset, default DL numerology, RMSI configuration, DM-RS location, and cell prohibition information. If the cell is not locked, the UE attempts to decode the physical downlink control channels (PDCCH) to obtain the frequency location of the PDSCH resources. A study of the model of restoring the synchronization of symbols and frames in the QPSK system, caused by a variable synchronization error. A study of the formation of the radio channel at the physical level.
RESEARCH COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS WITH F-OFDM SIGNALS
Authors:   Khmelnytskyі Politechnic Professional College by Lviv Politechnic National University, PYATIN I. , GAVRONSKIY V. ,   Khmelnytskyі Politechnic Professional College by Lviv Politechnic National University, LUZHANSKIY V. , MIKHALCHUK V. ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: March 2022

OFDM (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signals are widely used in modern mobile standards. They have a number of disadvantages, such as the high ratio of peak power to average power (PAPR), large out-of-band components of the sinc shape spectrum, and the like. OFDM provides high spectrum efficiency due to orthogonal frequency multiplexing. To achieve orthogonality and avoid interference, it is necessary to align the signals of the transmitter and receiver in time and frequency. Imperfect synchronization can lead to suboptimal performance. Fifth generation (5G) communication systems promise several advantages over previous systems, including high data rates, ultra-low latency (URLLC), high spectral efficiency, extensive connectivity, and increased energy efficiency. In addition, machine-type (MTC) and Internet of Things (IoT) communication is expected to be handled better and more efficiently by the 5G system. Multiplexing with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and a filter (F-OFDM) is a multi-carrier signal that is received at the output of the filter. F-OFDM in comparison with OFDM provides reduction of out-of-band radiation that allows to use the allocated spectrum effectively. Filtration is an effective way to suppress side petals in OFDM. As the side lobes of the spectrum decrease, a large amount of signal power is concentrated in the main lobe, which helps to reduce interference between channels. The mathematical description of signals CP-OFDM, Windowed OFDM, Filtered OFDM in the field of time and frequency is analyzed in the work. A study of the transmission and reception of F-OFDM signals. The requirements for the filter and its characteristics in the field of time and frequency are given. The block diagrams of the transmitter and receiver are given. In F-OFDM, the CP-OFDM signal is passed through the developed filter. Because the filter bandwidth corresponds to the signal bandwidth, only a few subcarriers close to the boundary are affected. The key consideration is that the length of the filter may exceed the length of the cyclic prefix for F-OFDM. The resulting inter-character interference is minimized due to the design of the filter using windows. The received signal passes through a matched filter and then through a conventional CP-OFDM receiver. It takes into account both the increase in filtration and the delay before the FFT operation. The spectra of CP-OFDM and F-OFDM signals were compared. The dependences of the error error per bit on the signal-to-noise ratio for F-OFDM signals have been studied.
DETERMINATION OF ENTROPY COMPONENT IN SENSOR INDICATORS FOR GENERATION OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEYS OF THE MOBILE APPLICATION OF THE CLIENT-BANK SYSTEM
Authors: GURMAN Ivan , CHESHUN Viktor , PETLIAK Nataliia ,   Khmelnytskyi National University, DZHULIY Andrii , CHORNENKYI Vitalii ,   University of Economics and Entrepreneurship
Published: March 2022

The rapid penetration of the banking market of mobile banking creates not only new opportunities and conveniences, but also new risks and threats, which leads to increased requirements for information security of mobile services. One of the important components of the security of the mobile banking service of the client-bank system is the protection mechanisms based on the use of cryptographic keys. The stability of cryptographic keys is a guarantee of system reliability and, in turn, is based on the mechanisms of generating pseudo-random numbers using primary sources of entropy, for the effective use of which it is necessary to determine the type and capabilities of the source. The paper presents the results of the study of sensors of mobile communication devices as a source of entropy for generating cryptokeys of a mobile application of the client-bank system. An accelerometer, a temperature sensor, a gyroscope, a light brightness sensor, a magnetic field sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a distance sensor, and a humidity sensor are considered as a source of entropy. The results of the research confirm the presence in the values of the sensors of mobile communication devices of a component suitable for use as a source of primary entropy for generators of pseudo-random numbers by cryptographic algorithms. In turn, pseudo-random number generators built with the use of mobile device sensors can be the basis of high-entropy cryptographic key generators in the client-bank system mobile banking services. The obtained results are focused on the implementation of algorithms and means of generating high-entropy pseudo-random numbers and can be used to reduce the risks of unauthorized access to customer information in the client-bank system by disclosing cryptokeys in mobile banking services.