bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Form Composition Hypothesis: When concepts combine, their central forms are privileged
Authors: Haward Paul
Published: September 2022

Humans are the only species to acquire such a huge repertoire of kind concepts - concepts like watch, house, café, pedestrian, and university. Humans are also unique in being able to combine concepts together at a rapid rate to create more complex conceptual structures. When these two capacities interface, a problem arises. Even simple sentences/thoughts involving a kind concept, such as “The café is efficient,” are consistent with numerous interpretations (e.g., that the café’s plumbing is efficient, that its electrical wiring is efficient, that its wifi is efficient, that its restrooms are efficient, and so on). The present paper proposes and tests the Form Composition Hypothesis, namely, the hypothesis that when a kind concept is recruited and combined with other concepts, its central form is privileged—a structure which has been shown to be present in all kind concepts, and which establishes a privileged set of properties for the category (e.g., representing serving hot drinks, for a café). Across three experiments, participants overwhelmingly favored these ‘form interpretations’ for familiar sentences (e.g., “the café is efficient,” “the football game was beautiful”), unfamiliar sentences (e.g., “the café was smooth,” “the football game was wavy”), and for sentences involving novel concepts, as soon as a property was encoded as part of that concept’s central form (e.g., “The dax was effective,” “The liff is large”). A simple bias to favor form interpretations, which will be adequate most of the time, would be of particular benefit to a computational system seeking to minimize computational costs.
English Language Education in Nepal: Need or Hegemony?
Authors: Khanal Govinda Prasad
Published: September 2022

English language teaching (ELT) has become much pervasive in Nepal in the recent decades since its entry in the mid nineteenth century. Recently, the trend of converting government aided community schools into English medium has become a common phenomenon throughout Nepal. This paper intends to explore the hegemonial nature of English language education in Nepal, which has pressurised several local languages including Nepali, the official language of Nepal. I have reviewed some documents to establish how expansion of English has pressurised the growth of indigenous languages including Nepali, with the possibility of the loss of indigenous properties including languages, cultures and values. It pictures out the possibility of hybridity in language and culture in the new generations of youths and children if undue priority to ELT continues in the academia.
Making Dalit Friendly Schools in Nepal: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Subedi Bishow Mani
Published: September 2022

Discrimination against Dalit is a socially structured, legally aligned, historically perpetuated, culturally institutionalized, and religiously distinguished phenomenon. In the context of this research, I felt that the inclusion of Dalits in mainstream education needs social, historical, legal, cultural, political, and religious interventions to emancipate them from the chain of ignorance. The strategy of inquiry was qualitative and ontologically it was based on multiple realities. Thus, I used an ethnographic research design using unstructured interviews and participatory observation. School teachers, head-teacher, Dalit students, parents, SMC members, and community people were selected purposely to collect the data for the fulfilment of the objectives. The data were analyzed and interpreted with the lens of Cultural difference theory and Caste hierarchy theory to generate meanings. I also used my reflexivity to be aligned with the research and experiences obtained in the field study.
MUNAA Agriculture Market: Connecting Home to Abroad
Authors: Rizal Govinda , Karki Yogendra Kumar , Lama Jiwan Prabha , Gurung Yubaraj
Published: September 2022

Nepalese diaspora has globalized Nepal’s culture, tradition, value, festival, celebration, food, and goods. The Nepalese people have special liking of inherent tastes, flavor, ingredients, cuisine specificities, and indigenous commodities of Nepal. The Non-Resident Nepalese Association (NRNA) and its vast memberships abroad seek such commodities in places where they live. An organization under the Joint Cooperation of Agriculture Promotion Committee of NRNA, Mutual Understanding between NRNA and Agriculture Authority (MUNAA) Agriculture Limited, a company registered with the Bagmati Province with a mandate to work in all provinces of Nepal and abroad, has a mission to connect Nepalese people at home and abroad with the Nepalese agricultural products. MUNAA trades hygienic, safe, fresh, and processed Nepalese food products with the ‘safe food, safe life’ slogan under the ‘MUNAA’ brand. The government of Nepal has adopted favorable agricultural policies that aim to increase production sustainably, substitute imports, and expand export to minimize trade deficits. In addition to following government policies, MUNAA has plans to import technologies for value addition that will benefit both the producers and consumers as per the expectation of the government and Nepalese people at home and abroad.
Capacity Enhancement in Rock and Tunnel Engineering in Nepal
Authors: Panthi Krishna Kanta
Published: September 2022

In the recent past, infrastructure development activities have gained momentum in Nepal. Many roads are being and will be upgraded to enhance transport efficiency. The hydropower development activities are in full momentum. However, often occurring natural hazards caused by monsoon rain and large-scale earthquakes are major challenges to Nepal’s infrastructure and resilience hydropower projects. Developing an efficient transport network functioning in allweather conditions and resilience hydropower is not possible without the construction of tunnels. The experience indicates that the construction cost for tunnels is considerably higher due to insufficient capacity and knowledge base within Nepal and dependency on foreign agencies who have limited knowledge on the Himalayan geological condition. It is important to enhance ability through specialized high-level education and research within Rock and Tunnel Engineering (both MSc and Ph.D. Levels). This manuscript discusses a new curriculum developed for MSc education in Rock and Tunnel Engineering for the Institute of Engineering (IoE) of Tribhuvan University with the direct help from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), which helped to start the MSc program and first batch of students are enrolled for the academic year 2020/2021 at IoE-WRC Pokhara. NTNU collaborates with IoE through a research grant NORHED II Project 70141 6; Capacity Enhancement in Rock and Tunnel Engineering in Nepal received from the Norwegian Agency for Development Aid (NORAD).
Spring Water Sources Assessment and Forest Area Dynamics in Roshi and Melamchi Watersheds
Authors: Chaudhary Santosh , Kafle Kumud Raj , Baniya Govinda , Shrestha Suman , Giri Rajiv , Shrestha Bim Prasad , Sigdel Ekraj
Published: September 2022

Spring-water sources mapping was carried out in eight wards of Dhulikhel and four wards of Melamchi Municipality and forest area dynamics in Roshi and Melamchi Watersheds. Ward number 9 and 10 of Dhulikhel Municipality were rich in water sources. Whereas ward number 6 of Melamchi Municipality has a good amount of water sources compared to other wards. The major spring types were depression, fractured, and contact in both the Municipalities.The percentage of forest areas in the Roshi and Melamchi watersheds seems to be fluctuating with the data compared in 2010 and 2020. There is an increase in forest areas in both municipalities in 2020. Also, the perennial spring sourceswith good discharge are prominent in having a good forest area and large watershed recharge area.
Influence on Residential Environment Characteristics on Residential Satisfaction and Home Ownership Awareness and Residential Movement
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Academy, Hwang Yun-Hui , Chung Jae-ho
Published: September 2022

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is residential actual condition survey conducted from 2006 to 2020 is the subject of the study and using the most recent 2020 data are used to empirically analyze the influence of residential environment characteristics on residential satisfaction and residential ownership awareness and residential movement.
(2) RESEARCH METHOD The method of this study conducted descriptive statistical analysis and factor analysis on the characteristic variables of the residential environment using SPSS 21 to understand the characteristics of the residential environment, residential satisfaction, residential ownership awareness, and residential movement. The study was conducted using a structural equation model using AMOS.
(3) RESEARCH FINDINGS In this study, the characteristics of the residential environment were classified into factors such as accessibility, surrounding environment, and convenience of use, and each factor influenced residential satisfaction, residential ownership awareness, and residential movement. As a result of the structural equation model analysis, it was found that the surrounding environment had the greatest influence on residential satisfaction.
Accessibility and surrounding environment directly affect residential movement, but convenience does not directly affect residential movement because the overall situation does not move as much as before due to COVID-19, and because non-face-to-face consumption culture spreads at home and solves most of daily life.
2. RESULTS Among the characteristics of the residential environment, the surrounding environment had the greatest influence on housing satisfaction. Therefore, improvement of the residential environment is required.
A Study on the Effect of Development Projects in Pyeongtaek City on Housing Price by Region
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Academy, Cho Eum Jang , Jang Jung Min
Published: September 2022

(1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to study how the real estate development project of Pyeongtaek City affects housing prices by subdividing the northern, southern, and western regions by region.
(2) RESEARCH METHOD This study employed the Hedonic Price Model to achieve the major objectives of this study.
(3) RESEARCH FINDINGS The implications of this study are as follows. First, through this study, it was found that although the start of development projects raised the housing price, it did not falls within the spatial scope of this study, was judged to be meaningful to examine the differences by region as a place where the differences by region are clearly visible.
2. RESULTS The results of this study are as follows. The influence of other characteristics did not differ significantly by region, but in terms of development characteristics, it was found that the SRT Jije Station start and Samsung Electronics start construction increase the apartment transaction price in the southern and western regions except for the northern region.
Implementation Of The Double Exponential Smoothing Method In Determining The Planting Time In Strawberry Plantations
Authors: Shabir Fadly , Abdullah Ahmad Irfan , Asrul Billy Eden William , Nur Sitti Alifah Amilhusna
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This research aims to provide recommendations for planting season based on predictions of rainfall, air temperature, and wind speed based on the website.Design/methodology/approach: This study implemented the Double exponential smoothing to predict rainfall, air temperature, and monthly wind speed one year in the future using past data.Findings/result: This study has succeeded in providing recommendations for planting season. Based on the results of the accuracy calculation between the prediction results and the actual data using the Mean Absolute Percetage Error (MAPE), each has a forecast error value of 30.69% for rainfall, 0.63% air temperature, and 5.89% wind speed. Originality/value/state of the art: Research related to the application of Double exponential smoothing to determine the planting period. Based on the results of the accuracy calculation between the prediction results and the actual data using Mean Absolute Percetage Error (MAPE), this has never been done in previous studies.
Who Counts as Family: A Pluralistic Account of Family in the Genetic Context
Authors: Ong Serene
Published: September 2022

Genetic information affects patients’ families differently than other types of medical information. Family members might have a compelling interest in patients’ genetic information, but who counts as family? In this article, I assess current definitions of family and propose a pluralistic account of family, which comprises definitions of family based on biomedical, legal, and functional aspects. Respectful of various forms of family, a pluralistic account includes those with interests in genetic information. Finally, I apply it in the hypothetical case of a sperm donor with a hereditary condition.
Time to Eat: The Importance of Temporality for Food Ethics
Authors: Dean Megan
Published: September 2022

Lack of time is a commonly reported barrier to healthy eating, but a literal lack of time is only one way that time may compromise eating well. This article explores how the first-personal lived experience of time shapes and is shaped by eating. I draw upon phenomenology and feminist theory to argue that the dynamic relationship between eating and temporality matters for food ethics. Specifically, temporalities and related ways of eating can be better or worse vis-à-vis key ethical concerns. I highlight the possibility of altering temporalities through strategic eating and consider implications for individual food choice and structural change.
Tumores del angulo pontocerebeloso: evaluación diagnostica y opciones terapéuticas
Authors: Badilla Nelson Annekey
Published: September 2022

Los tumores del angulo pontocerebeloso por su ubicación anatómica involucran varias estructuras anatómicas de vital importancia por las funciones que ejecutan en nuestro cuerpo, entre ellos los pares craneales principalmente el facial y vestibular, además de  las estructuras vecinas como el tronco encefalico que contiene los centros de la respiración y el control cardiovascular, también en ello se incluye la vía de drenaje de líquido cefalorraquideo en el cuarto ventrículo. En base a esto, los diferentes tipos histológicos con sus particulares características confieren en este sitio diferentes tipos de afectación conforme estos crecen e invaden estructuras vecinas. Esto se logra determinar en gran medida con los hallazgos radiológicos de estudios como la tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética que nos orientan en cuanto a tamaño y compromiso orgánico, además los estudios complementarios que orientan a que tan afectadas están las estructuras funcionales, si bien existen muchas técnicas quirúrgicas en la actualidad; es importante establecer abordaje terapéutico en relación a las características del tumor, asi como las posibilidades de tratamientos complementarios según la histología del mismo como lo son tumores benignos como el schwannoma, el lipoma o los quistes aracnoideos y tumores malignos como lo es el craneofaringioma, se pueden establecer terapias intervencionistas agresivas en cirugía, la adyuvancia, radiocirugía, e incluso en casos de manejo más conservador con el seguimiento seriado para valoración de la conducta del tumor.
Cáncer de cérvix: generalidades
Authors: Víquez Redondo Karla Francini , Araya Cascante Raquel Araya , Hidalgo Solís María Jesús
Published: September 2022

El cáncer de cérvix es un importante problema de salud pública en los países en vías de desarrollo, lo que representa un desafío actual por su alta mortalidad, con un 90 por ciento % de muertes por esta causa, la cual ocurre en países de ingresos bajos a medianos. El cáncer de cuello uterino comprende el 8 por ciento de todos los cánceres entre las mujeres y es el cuarto cáncer más común en las mujeres después de los cánceres de mama, colon y pulmón. El carcinoma de células escamosas junto con el adenocarcinoma constituye más del 98% de todos los tipos de cáncer de cérvix. Aproximadamente un tercio de los tumores cancerosos están relacionados con la inflamación inducida por un microorganismo, en este caso el cáncer de cérvix guarda una estrecha relación con el virus del papiloma humano, en especial con los tipos 16 y 18 involucrados en el 99% de este tipo de cáncer. Es importante destacar que la sintomatología del cáncer de cérvix generalmente se presenta en estadios tardíos de la enfermedad, por lo que la prevención con los métodos de tamizaje es esencial para diagnosticar tanto lesiones premalignas como las lesiones cancerosas.
Efektivitas Sanksi Hukum Bagi Pelanggaran Protokol Kesehatan Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Kota Makassar
Authors: - Andi Dewi Pratiwi , Agung Dirga , Novitasari Ika
Published: September 2022

This research discusses the law enforcement process during the Covid-19 pandemic in the city of Makassar. In addition, it also discussed the effectiveness of legal sanctions for Violation of Health Protocols in Kola Makassar. The results of this study refer to various policies regarding Health Protocols by the Makassar City Government, such as in the form of Circulars, Mayor Regulations, Appeals, and so on. The results of this study refer to the Circular of the Mayor of Makassar Number 551.1/05/SE/2020 concerning the Prevention and Spread of the 2019 Corona Virus Disease in the Scope of City Transportation and Crossing Transportation in Makassar Bay, Makassar Mayor Regulation Number 16 of 2020 concerning Restrictions on People's Activities, Activities Business and Mode of Transportation in Makassar City, and so on.Law enforcement against people who do not apply the protocol Health services in Makassar City are carried out by the Police, TNI, and Satpol PP by conducting judicial operations. Sanctions given by the Makassar City Government to health protocol violators are in the form of warnings, written sanctions, administrative fines, social work to temporary closures. Sanctions given by the Makassar City Government to health protocol violators are in the form of warnings, written sanctions, administrative fines, social work to temporary closures.
Penerapan Hermeneutik dalam Ilmu Linguistik Application of Hermeneutics in Linguistics
Authors: Tahir Abdul Hafid , Yusri AR Muhammad
Published: September 2022

The Hermeneutics that are part of The Science of Philosophy are closely related to the science of linguistics in general. For this reason, the focus of his study is how the application of Hermeneutics in Linguistics, which is related to oral and written linguistic interpretations. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Hermeneutics and Linguistics. This research uses qualitative research methods. The results of the research are expected to contribute to the world of education, especially learning related to linguistics. The results of this study found that Hermeneutics which is part of Philosophy is present to complement the study of linguistic science related to the interpretation or interpretation of a word meaning. All forms of interpretation include an understanding. To make an interpretation, the fundamental thing that must be possessed is that we must understand or understand the word itself before it is used. In essence, if we already understand or understand the word, we have actually carried out the interpretation process. In Hermeneutic Sciences, the process of understanding and interpretation constitutes a Hermeneutic circle.
Efektivitas Modul terhadap Perilaku Gizi dan Kesehatan Guru di Sekolah Menengah Makassar
Authors: Nurul Annisa  , Nurhaedar Jafar  , Ridwan M. Thaha
Published: September 2022

Education is carried out through several media, one of them is the module. The use of modules at the time of intervention is an effective tool in educating the public. This study aims to look at changes in teacher behavior related to nutrition and health after the intervention and assess the effectiveness of using a balanced nutrition module. The research method is quasi experiment (Quasi Experiment) with the form of Non Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design. The number of research sample were 92 people selected using purposive sampling method which was devided into 2 groups, namely the module group plus 46 respondents and the module group 46 respondents. The research data includes the initial data pretest and posttest of teacher behavior. The results showed that the results of paired T-test statistical tests in the module group plus there were differences in teacher knowledge before and after the intervention (p = 0.020), as well as the module group there were differences in teacher knowledge before and after the intervention (p = 0,000). For the attitude variable in the module plus group it was found that there were no differences in teacher attitudes before and after the intervention (p = 0.190) while the module group showed there were differences in teacher attitudes before and after the intervention (p = 0,000). For the action variable in the module plus group it was found that there were differences in teacher actions before and after the intervention (p = 0,000), as well as in the module group there were differences (p = 0,000). The balanced nutrition module in this study was effective because it reached the set standard limit, namely ≥ 50% of participants increased their knowledge and changed their attitudes and actions. It is recommended to teachers to improve knowledge about health and nutrition behavior.
Pengaruh Pemberian Biskuit Dangke terhadap Status Gizi dan Perkembangan Kognitif Baduta Gizi Kurang
Authors: Masdalis  , Andi Nurlinda  , Nurhaedar Jafar
Published: September 2022

This study aims to anallyze the effect og giving dangke biscuits on head circumference, upper arm circumference, and cognitive development of undernourished children under two. The method used is experimental or experimental research (Experiment Research ) with an experimental research design used in this study with a random pretest-posttest with control group design. The results showed that both the experimental group and the control group used the T-Test (paired samples test). The experimental group had a significant effect, namely the pre-test-post-test increase in head circumference with a p 0,00 < α = 0,05 and cognitive development with a p –value of  0,003, and the pretest- posttest on  the upper arm circumperence with a p –value of 0,0207.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Ibu Hamil di Rumah Sakit Labuang Baji Makassar
Authors: Wahdaniyah
Published: September 2022

Hypertension is a state of a person's blood pressure that is higher than normal. Hypertension is defined as an increase in systolic pressure of at least 30 mmHg, or diastolic pressure of at least 5 mmHg, or systolic pressure to approximately 140 mmHg, or diastolic to the lowest of 90 mmHg. In developed countries, hypertension of pregnant women is the cause of maternal death, but deaths from hypertension are 150/100,000 births. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal age, gestational age, antenatal care, parity with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women at the Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital, Makassar City in 2010. This type of research is Analytical with a Cross Sectional Study Approach. Sampling of 47 pregnant women. The data collection method uses interview methods and questionnaires as research instruments. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a relationship between maternal age and the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women with a value of x² count (16.027) > x² table (3.841), there was a relationship of gestational age with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women with a value of x² count (11.153) > x² table (3.841), there was a relationship of Antenatal Care with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women with a value of x² count (11.153) > x² table (3.841),  there was an association of parity with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women with a value of x² count (10.447) > x² table (3.841). The results of this study are suggested so that mothers can manage their pregnancy, namely in productive age, utilizing antenatal services and having parity in accordance with healthy reproduction.
Right to Information, Media Ethics and Journalism: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi Ambreen
Published: September 2022

The independence of media signifies an open society based on democratic traditions rather than the dictates of one person. The press can only perform its duty if it is free and independent in its functions, like reporting its news and views. But like other freedoms, it should not be used as an unbridled weapon. It should be subjected to some limitations pro to the integrity of the state and welfare of the people. The media should respect the right of people involved in the news dissemination, follow the common standards of decency and be accountable for the accuracy of their news reports. Media is a double-edged sword. Media must be regulated through a well-thought-out legal regime which should shy away from clear censorship yet put a confine on the behavior of media entities through a code of ethics, good business practices and improvement in the law of Torts, specifically damages.
Reviewing Power Politics and Populism in IK’s Pakistan: A Personal History
Authors: Tehseem Tazanfal , Zulfiqar Saba , Faiz Rabia
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to explore the structural ways employed by a Pakistani politician to convince the readers of his socio-political stance on Pakistan from its independence to the present age. For this purpose, the generic analysis (Martin, 2008) has been employed which in turn explains how a narrator is successful in the construction of an argument and realigning the reader with his own point of view. The broader methodology includes how the narrator inter personally interacts with the readership, ideationally shares references and textually builds his arguments in the text. The microscopic construal of those meta functions has been supported by Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2014), whereas, the genre has a particular configuration of those listed meta functions. Therefore,the data for the present study builds on the selected texts from 'Imran Khan Pakistan: A personal history by Imran Khan. The findings show that by standing on power, the narrator aligns the readers through negotiation and constructs his argument by giving references towards the history and his own experiences.
[Be]Longings: Exploring Emotional Territories of Home, Desire and Identity in Shamsie's Home Fire
Authors: Chaudhary Fariha , Khan Maimoona
Published: September 2022

The present article is an exploration of Shamsie’s Home Fire (2017). Contextualized in the theoretical narratives of Islamophobia and postcolonial studies, the present paper is based on a qualitative analysis of the selected textual lines to reveal the struggles inherent in the minds and hearts of second and third-generation colonial subjects. The characters desire to be heard, to belong to a nation, a culture, a family, a loved one, an ideology and a home.However, their life trajectories reveal the inherent difficulties embedded in trying to be 'British' as well as 'Muslims', the two identities that seem to be at conflicting ends owing to a surge in Islamophobia. By drawing attention to the complexity of 'belonging' and 'home', this article tries to reveal the ensuing identity crisis experienced by British Muslims in the wake of post-9/11Islamophobia.
Political Language Use against Corona Virus Spread in Pakistan during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Siddiqui Ali , Shaikh Tania Shabir , Kakepoto Inayatuallah
Published: September 2022

This research assessed the Language use of Political Leaders of Pakistan during COVID-19 against the corona virus spread. It further investigated the effect of political leaders' language on common people. Politicians issued numerous political statements regarding the prevention of the CORONA virus spread and these statements got good space in leading National and International English language newspapers. The people of Pakistan wanted to listen to the voice of public representatives on this important issue that badly hit their lives. A qualitative phenomenological research design was used. Data were analyzed through observation. Data collection source was 'The DAWN, The Diplomat, Al-Jazeera and The Tribune newspapers. Results were compiled, generating themes.Six themes developed from narratives regarding the prevention of the COVID virus disease. Results suggest that political leaders of Pakistan should follow the 'one vision
Political Resistance on Social Media: An Evaluation of Figurative Language
Authors: Yasir Hafiz Syed Muhammad , Khan Arshad Ali , Khalid Amina
Published: September 2022

The use of resistance against 'power' is prevalent in the politics on social media, which is practised in different forms like pictures, and comments showing anger or hate. So, this study highlights the linguistic specifications of language’s use in political resistance on social media by underlining figurative language. The study follows the theoretical base of Foucault’s studies (1977) and(1982) by pinning the concept of 'resistance'. For this purpose,Facebook’s public group named as PTI TIGERS was selected(because of the high number of group members) to take the data.Data was narrowed down to the specific content. Through the use of figurative speech, different focused aspects and intentions of political resistance show the semantic complexity of using resistance-based figurative expressions by the public.
Impact of Tourism in Districts of Malakand Division (Swat, Dir, Chitral, Buner, Shangla, Malakand), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: Interviews Narrative of Local People
Authors: Alam Naila , Anwar Zahid , Farmanullah
Published: September 2022

Tourism is a multifaceted industry that is more common in the developed world. Pakistanis located in South Asia, where the tourism industry needs a significant attention. The current study was conducted in 2021 to capture the impact of tourism in Malakand, Swat, Dir, Chitral, Buner and Shangla districts. The study is based on a mixed study method; quantitative data were collected by questionnaire with a sample size of 400 respondents from tourist spots in Malakand, Swat, Dir, Chitral, Shangla and Buner districts of Malakand Division. For the qualitative analysis, a total of 40 interviews with local people were conducted. Convenience sampling was used. The results highlighted the positive effects of tourism in the Malakand Division, which consist of boosting businesses, promoting education, raising awareness, promoting society, creating employment opportunities and promoting a healthy image of the country. Adequate attention is still lacking to develop the tourism industry for economic benefit and to further project Pakistan's healthy image internationally.
Natural course of Rathke’s cleft cysts and risk factors for progression
Authors: Kinoshita Yasuyuki , Taguchi Akira , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Tominaga Atsushi , Arita Kazunori , Horie Nobutaka
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

Rathke’s cleft cysts (RCCs) are relatively common and often detected incidentally. They are usually asymptomatic and managed conservatively. However, little is known about their natural history. Thus, the authors aimed to examine the natural course of RCCs and identify the risk factors for their progression.

METHODS

This retrospective study examined 229 patients (median age 43.0 years) diagnosed with RCCs by MRI and followed up without surgery (median period 36.6 months). The median cyst height on the initial MRI was 10 mm. Progression or regression of RCC was defined as cyst height changes of ≥ 1 mm.

RESULTS

In total, 23 (10.0%) RCCs progressed, whereas 73 (31.9%) RCCs spontaneously regressed. The remaining 133 were noted to be stable throughout the follow-up period. Patients with progressed RCCs were significantly older than those with stable RCCs. In patients with acute headache as an initial symptom, RCCs were significantly more likely to spontaneously regress. New symptoms occurred in 6 patients, 5 of whom underwent surgery for RCC progression. Of these 6 patients, 1 patient had persistent adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency and 1 patient developed diabetes insipidus. Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed RCC progression and new symptom development rates to be 12.0% and 4.1% at 5 years and 13.7% and 5.7% at 10 years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

RCCs rarely progress or cause new symptoms in the long term. Patients with asymptomatic RCC should be followed up for at least 5 years to ensure RCC inactivity. RCCs in older adults may require greater surveillance.
Compound Heterozygous MYO5B Mutation, a Cause of Infantile Cholestasis: A Case Report
Authors: Khanal Muna , Jha Adarsh Kumar , Sharma Arun Kumar
Published: September 2022

Infantile cholestasis is a common clinical problem in early infancy characterised by impairment in bile formation and/or flow. It requires prompt evaluation for underlying aetiology to initiate appropriate management. Although biliary atresia remains the most important aetiology, metabolic and monogenic disorders are increasingly identified with advances in diagnostic genetic testing. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis disorders characterised by defects in biliary canalicular transport are among the most common monogenic disorders of cholestasis. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the Myosin 5B gene leading to a progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis-like phenotype with or without intestinal features of microvillus inclusion disease is a relatively recently identified disorder. The incidence of these newer variants of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is not yet known due to the paucity of studies. We report an uncommon cause of refractory cholestasis reported in a girl who presented with severe pruritus as the primary manifestation.
KESALAHAN MORFOLOGI BAHASA INDONESIA PADA BULETIN AKTUALITA LEMBAGA PERS MAHASISWA ASPIRATIF UNZAH
Authors: Harja Susetya Hemas Haryas , Domas Sugrahita Harja Susetya
Published: September 2022

Morfologi adalah ilmu mengenai bentuk-bentuk dan pembentukan kata (Chaer, 2015:3). Pembentukan kata dapat dilakukan dengan afiksasi, reduplikasi, dan kompositum. Pada penelitian ini, ilmu afiksasi yang diperlukan. Penulis menganalisis kesalahan penggunaan afiksasi pada buletin Aktualita Lembaga Pers Mahasiswa (LPM) Aspiratif UNZAH Edisi Januari 2020. Data didapatkan dari buletin tersebut yang terdiri dua halaman. Halaman pertama berbentuk berita dept news dan halaman kedua berbentuk opini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif. Kesalahan penggunaan afiksasi yang ditemukan meliputi kesalahan penggunaan prefiks dan konfiks. Prefiks (awalan), yaitu afiks yang dibubuhkan di kiri bentuk dasar atau berada di awal kata dasar. Konfiks (awalan-akhiran), yaitu afiks yang dibubuhkan di kiri dan kanan bentuk dasar atau berada di awal dan akhir kata dasar secara bersamaan. Kesalahan penggunaan prefiks meliputi di-, ke-, dan meN-. Sedangkan kesalahan penggunaan konfiks meliputi di-kan, peN-an, dan di-nya. Jumlah secara menyeluruh kesalahan afiksasi sebanyak 13 kesalahan dengan rincian prefiks 9 kesalahan dan konfiks 4 kesalahan. Hasil penelitian ini berupa analisis dan perbaikan dari kesalahan penggunaan afiksasi pada bahasa tulis buletin.
PENGARUH MEDIA YOUTUBE, MOTIVASI, DAN LITERASI MEMBACA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS ILMIAH
Authors: M. Nur Hakim  , Bakri Marlina , Harsia
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Media Youtube, Motivasi, dan Literasi Membaca Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Ilmiah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian survei dengan menggunakan analisis jalur (Path Analysis). Variabel yang dikaji terdiri atas empat variabel yaitu tiga variabel eksogen dan satu variabel endogen. Variabel eksogen terdiri atas media Youtube (X1), Motivasi (X2), dan Literasi Membaca (X3). Variabel endogen terdiri atas Kemampuan Menulis Ilmiah (Y). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel eksogen memberikan pengaruh sebesar 0.179 atau 17,90%. Nilai persentase tersebut menunjukkan besar pengaruh dari X1, X2, dan X3  terhadap kemampuan Y secara bersama-sama (gabungan), sedangkan sisanya dipengaruh oleh faktor lain.
INTERFERENSI BAHASA SUNDA DALAM PEMAKAIAN BAHASA INDONESIA SAAT BERKOMUNIKASI DI ACARA ANAK SEKOLAH EPISODE ‘NUR GEMILANG RIBUT SAMA ACI’ PART 1
Authors: Fitri Fitri Dewi Anggraeni Suriyanto , Sinta Rosalina
Published: September 2022

Interferensi atau kesalahan saat berbahasa dapat diakibatkan oleh adanya kerancuan bernalar atau oleh adanya ketidakpahaman seorang dwibahasawan terhadap kaidah bahasa yang digunakan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kasus interferensi pada salah satu tokoh pada acara Televisi yaitu “Anak Sekolah”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskrkiptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang diambil secara simak dan catat. Pada acara Anak Sekolah Episode “Nur Gumilang Ribut ama Aci” Part 1 terdapat beberapa interferensi, diantaranya interferensi fonologi, interferensi morfologi dan interferensi Sintaksis. Karena tokoh tersebut sering sekali menggunakan bahasa Sunda sebagai bahasa ibu (B1), kemudian ia juga masih sering menggunakan bahasa bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa keduanya (B2). Tokoh tersebut hampir setiap berkomunikasi dengan temannya menggunakan B1, sedangkan temannya masih banyak yang belum memahami B1 yang dimiliki oleh tokoh ini. Sehingga harus mengulang kalimat tersebut dengan mrnggunakan bahsa Indonesia (B2). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa komunikasi pada acara 'Anak Sekolah' episode "Nur Gemilang Ribut sama Aci" Part 1 telah ditemukan beberapa bentuk interferensi bahasa pertama dan bahasa kedua. Penyebab terjadinya peristiwa tersebut terjadi ketika seseorang menggunakan bahasa lain dan tidak sengaja menggunakan bahasa kedua.
USE OF ABBREVIATED DICTION IN ARGOT LANGUAGE ON SOCIAL MEDIA (EXPLORATIVE STUDY ON THE GAY AND LESBIAN COMMUNITIES)
Authors: SANTOSA JOKO , SETIAWATY RANI , WAHYUDI AGUS BUDI , SABARDILA ATIQA , PURNOMO EKO , TIYO ANGGARA
Published: September 2022

Argot language is a secret language and it is only a particular group knows its meaning. One of argot language dictions that are often used by the communities gay and lesbian is abbreviation or abridgment. This study aims to describe: (1) the use of diction in argot language used by the gay and lesbian communities and (2) the function of argot language used by the gay and lesbian communities. The study approach is descriptive qualitative. Data are abbreviated diction containing argot language of the gay and lesbian communities. Data sources are utterances of the gay and lesbian communities on social media, including Twitter, Telegram groups, and WhatsApp groups. Data collection technique uses documentation and data analysis technique uses content analysis. The results indicate that the communication done by gay and lesbian communities on social media contains argot language using abbreviated diction which includes (a) abbreviations, (b) behadings, (c) acronyms, and (d) letter symbols. The use of abbreviated diction aims to speed up and simplify the communication process. As for the language functions that arise are emotive, referential, fatigue, and connotative functions.
Effective aspects of Hausdorff and Fourier dimension
Authors: Marcone Alberto , Valenti Manlio
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we study Hausdorff and Fourier dimension from the point of view of effective descriptive set theory and Type-2 Theory of Effectivity. Working in the hyperspace K ( X ) of compact subsets of X, with X = [ 0 , 1 ] d or X = R d , we characterize the complexity of the family of sets having sufficiently large Hausdorff or Fourier dimension. This, in turn, allows us to show that family of all the closed Salem sets is Π 3 0 -complete. One of our main tools is a careful analysis of the effectiveness of a classical theorem of Kaufman. We furthermore compute the Weihrauch degree of the functions computing Hausdorff and Fourier dimension of closed sets.
Athletic sports posture measurement algorithm based on multi-sensor combination
Authors: Lv Yongfei , Li Mingcheng , Li Bin
Published: September 2022

With the arrival of sports wave, it is increasingly important to measure the posture of human body in movement. Aiming at the problems of low measurement accuracy and long measurement time in the traditional sports posture measurement algorithm, a sports posture measurement algorithm based on multi-sensor combination is proposed. The acceleration sensor, gyroscope and magnetoresistive sensor are combined to collect the sports posture data. The sliding mean filtering method and Z-score standardization method are used to reduce the noise and standardize the collected data. Based on the data processing results, the sports state is divided according to the dispersion characteristics, and the posture of any joint node is judged. According to the judgment results, the sports posture is measured. The simulation results show that the proposed method has less error, higher measurement accuracy and shorter measurement time. It can provide theoretical support for the practical application of motion attitude measurement.
Anomaly detection of communication link of mobile internet of things based on EM algorithm
Authors: Li Qian
Published: September 2022

The abnormality of communication link of mobile Internet of Things will threaten the security of communication of mobile Internet of Things, and the existing abnormality detection method is limited due to low accuracy, long time consumption and high energy consumption. To this end, the anomaly detection method of communication link of mobile Internet of Things based on EM algorithm is proposed in this study. Firstly, the anomaly range of the Internet of Things is located according to the communication node information of the data changes. Then the abnormal link of the target is judged and the anomaly feature of the communication link of the Internet of Things based on twin neural network is extracted. Finally, EM algorithm is improved with semi-supervised machine learning method to detect abnormal communication links of mobile Internet of Things. The experimental results show that the proposed method has the advantages of high precision, short time consumption and low energy consumption in the anomaly detection of communication links in the Internet of Things.
Design of sports posture real-time monitoring system based on sensor data flow
Authors: Zhou Liping
Published: September 2022

Traditional motion posture monitoring system has some problems such as time-consuming monitoring, low monitoring accuracy and poor monitoring effect. Therefore, this paper designs a real-time motion posture monitoring system based on sensor data flow. In the aspect of hardware, the whole structure of human motion posture monitoring system is designed. The mPU-92/65 six-axis motion processing sensor is selected to collect motion posture, and the module of human motion status detection is designed by MEMS sensor. In software, according to the amplitude fusion information of sensor output and correlation mining, fuzzy fusion model of motion posture data acquisition is established by using correlation component detection method, and real-time monitoring of motion posture is realized by combining sensor data flow technology. The experimental results show that when the number of iterations is 300, the motion posture monitoring accuracy of the designed system can reach 99.57%, the motion posture monitoring time is only 31 ms, and the motion posture monitoring recall rate is as high as 98.65%, indicating that the designed system can improve the motion posture monitoring effect.
Evaluation of deep learning models for sentiment analysis
Authors: Hernández Nayeli , Batyrshin Ildar , Sidorov Grigori
Published: September 2022

Sentiment analysis is a task that belongs to natural language processing and it is highly used in texts extracted from social networks. This task consists of assigning the labels or classes: positive, negative or neutral to the text. However, analyzing a piece of text extracted from social networks to determine if it represents a positive or negative sentiment is a difficult task, because social media texts contain slangs, typographical errors and cultural context. The shortcomings of traditional frequency based feature extraction models such as bag of words or TF-IDF affect the accuracy of sentiment classification. To improve the precision in the sentiment classification task, it is possible to use natural language modelling methods that are able to learn contextual information from words. In this work, word embedding such as Word2Vec, GloVe and Doc2VecC with different dimensions are used. The resulting word vectors will be used to train recurring neural networks such as LSTM, BiLSTM, GRU and BiGRU, to improve sentiment classification.
A hybrid deep learning for patient activity recognition (PAR): Real time body wearable sensor network from healthcare monitoring system (HMS)
Authors: Balasubramanian Kishore , Prabu A.V. , Shaik Mahammad Firose , Naik R. Anjaneyulu , Suguna S. Kanimozhi
Published: September 2022

Today’s healthcare sectors are driven and work to rescue patients as soon as possible by giving them the right care and treatment. A healthcare monitoring system works in two ways: by keeping track of the patient’s activities and overall health. For prompt treatment, such as giving the right and suitable medication, administering an injection, and providing additional medical help, nursing supervision is required. Wearable sensors are fixed or connected to the patient’s body and can follow their health. These IoT medical gadgets let clinicians diagnose patients and comprehend the processes from remote. However, the amount of data produced by IoT devices is so large that it cannot be handled manually. A model for automated analysis is required. Convolution Neural Network with Long-Short Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) was therefore suggested in this study as a Hybrid Deep Learning Framework (HDLF) for a Patient Activity Monitoring System (PAMS) that brings all healthcare activities with its classes. To incorporate medical specialists from all over the world and enhance treatment outcomes, the framework offers an advanced model where patient activities, health conditions, medications, and other activities are distributed in the cloud. An effective architecture for Wearable Sensor Network-based Human Action Recognition that combines neural network Simple Recurrent Units (SRUs) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). For assessing the multimodal data input sequence, deep SRUs and a variety of internal memory states is utilized in this research. Furthermore, for addressing the concerns about accuracy oscillations or instability with decreasing gradients, a deep GRUs to store and learn the knowledge is conveyed to the future state. The analysis suggests that CNN-LSTM is then contrasted with some of the currently used algorithms, and it is found that the new system has a 99.53% accuracy rate. The difference between this accuracy result and the current value is at least 4.73%.