bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is There a Link Between Liraglutide and Pancreatitis? A Post Hoc Review of Pooled and Patient-Level Data From Completed Liraglutide Type 2 Diabetes Clinical Trials
Authors: Jensen Troels M. , Saha Kishore , Steinberg William M.
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE

To report the incidence of pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes trials of liraglutide and details of all pancreatitis cases.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data from Novo Nordisk–sponsored trials with liraglutide (phase 2 and 3; NN2211 identifiers) completed by 19 April 2013 were pooled. All pancreatitis cases were reviewed.

RESULTS

Total exposure to liraglutide and active comparators was 5,021 and 1,354 patient-years, respectively (n = 6,345 and 1,846, respectively). Eight cases of acute pancreatitis (AP) with liraglutide and one with any comparator (glimepiride) were found. The incidence of AP was 1.6 cases/1,000 patient-years exposure (PYE) for liraglutide vs. 0.7 cases/1,000 PYE for total active comparators. One of the eight AP cases reported with liraglutide did not meet diagnostic criteria for AP. In six of these eight cases, recognized risk factors for AP were present and/or the onset of AP occurred >6 months after liraglutide initiation. All patients were receiving multiple medications. Four cases of chronic pancreatitis (CP) with liraglutide and none with comparators were found. One of these four cases fulfilled diagnostic criteria for CP; these criteria were not met or information was missing in the remaining three.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the small number of cases observed, the incidences of reported AP and CP were numerically greater with liraglutide than with comparators. Not all cases fulfilled diagnostic criteria, and confounding variables were present in 75% of the AP cases with liraglutide therapy, precluding firm conclusions.
Pictures in Words – Kanji, Images in Literature – Sōshi
Authors: Istrate Sandra-Lucia
Published: December 2014

From ancient times, the Japanese have been exploiting the image in as many ways as possible. They have used it in linguistics, literature, art - and the list is certainly much longer. Thus, the first part of my work tries to explain the importance of the kanji writing system and the “image” of a kanji, so that readers who do not understand the Japanese language can become familiar with it (origin, structure, mnemotechnics etc.). The second part of my work explains that later, in the 14th century, when “sōshi”or “zōshi” literature was born, n all of its books the relation between the text and the image was more than important. In the end, I conclude that the “image” is a defining element in understanding Japanese language and literature even in the 21st century.
Simulacra in Science Fiction
Authors: Lipecký Filip
Published: December 2014

The paper examines the concept of simulacra, focusing on their employment in contemporary science fiction. It provides examples from literature as well as from popular cinematography, in order to present the topic in a more familiar context. These examples include Wachowski’s The Matrix, Gibson’s Neuromancer and Fassbinder’s Welt am Draht reflected in the light of ideas of theorists such as Baudrillard and Deleuze. The purpose of this paper is to provide the basic notion of the concept in connection with the science fiction genre, while also offerring a wide range of subject-related material
Regressional Estimation of Cotton Sirospun Yarn Properties from Fibre Properties
Authors: Bedez Üte Tuba , Kadoğlu Hüseyin
Published: December 2014

In this paper, it is aimed at determining the equations and models for estimating the sirospun yarn quality characteristics from the yarn production parameters and cotton fibre properties, which are focused on fibre bundle measurements represented by HVI (high volume instrument). For this purpose, a total of 270 sirospun yarn samples were produced on the same ring spinning machine under the same conditions at Ege University, by using 11 different cotton blends and three different strand spacing settings, in four different yarn counts and in three different twist coefficients. The sirospun yarn and cotton fibre property interactions were investigated by correlation analysis. For the prediction of yarn quality characteristics, multivariate linear regression methods were performed. As a result of the study, equations were generated for the prediction of yarn tenacity, breaking elongation, unevenness and hairiness by using fibre and yarn properties. After the goodness of fit statistics, very large determination coefficients (R2 and adjusted R2) were observed.
Some Simplicial Complexes of Universal Osborn Loops
Authors: Témítọ́pẹ́ Gbóláhán Jaíyéọlá
Published: December 2014

A loop is shown to be a universal Osborn loop if and only if it has a particular simplicial complex. A loop is shown to be a universal Osborn loop and obeys two new identities if and only if it has another particular simplicial complex. A universal Osborn loop and four of its isotopes are shown to form a rectangular pyramid in a 3-dimensional space.
Analysis of Human Bradykinin Receptor Gene and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms in End-Stage Renal Disease Among Malaysians
Authors: R. Vasudevan , P. Ismail , N.I. Jaafar , N.A. Mohamad , E. Etemad , W.S. Wan Aliaa , S. Eshkor
Published: December 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the association of the c.894G>T; p.Glu298Asp polymorphism and the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and c.181C>T polymorphism of the bradykinin type 2 receptor gene (B2R) in Malaysian end-stage renal disease (ESRD) subjects.

A total of 150 ESRD patients were recruited from the National Kidney Foundation’s (NKF)dialysis centers in Malaysia and compared with 150 normal healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells of all the subjects. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was carried out to amplify the products and the restricted fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Statistical analyses were carried out using software where a level of p <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the B2R gene (c.181C>T, 4b/a) and eNOS gene (c.894G>T) polymorphisms were not statistically significant (p >0.05) when compared to the control subjects. The B2R and eNOS gene polymorphisms may not be considered as genetic susceptibility markers for Malaysian ESRD subjects.
The Largest Paracentric Inversion, The Highest Rate Of Recombinant Spermatozoa. Case Report: 46,Xy, Inv(2)(Q21.2Q37.3) And Literature Review
Authors: C.C. Yapan , C. Beyazyurek , C.G. Ekmekci , S. Kahraman
Published: December 2014

Carriers of inversions involving euchromatic regions are at risk of having unbalanced offspring due to meiotic crossover. In carriers, recombination can occur during gametogenesis and cause genetically unbalanced sperm and subsequently unbalanced embryos. Here we present segregation analysis results of an infertile male with 46,XY,inv(2) (q21.2q37.3) using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on sperm cells. This is the largest paracentric inversion (PAI) reported so far in a meiotic segregation analysis study. Sperm FISH revealed 28.0% recombinant spermatozoa rate for chromosome 2, which was the highest rate in PAI carriers in the literature. Our results indicate a clear correlation between the size of the inverted segment and the frequency of the recombinant spermatozoa. The results of the FISH analysis with the information of unbalanced spermatozoa rate can provide accurate counseling on the genetic risk of infertility.
Existence and Controllability Results for Mixed Functional Integrodifferential Equations with Infinite Delay
Authors: Kucche Kishor D.
Published: December 2014

Sufficient conditions are established for the existence of solution for mixed neutral functional integrodifferential equations with infinite delay. The results are obtained using the theory of fractional powers of operators and the Sadovskii’s fixed point theorem. As an application we prove a controllability result for the system.
Havliček–Tietze Configurations in Various Projective Planes
Authors: Jakóbowski Jan , Kacperek Danuta
Published: December 2014

A. Lewandowski and H. Makowiecka proved in 1979 that existence of the Havlicek-Tietze configuration (shortly H-T) in the desarguesian projective plane is equivalent to existence in the associated field, a root of polynomial x2 + x + 1, different from 1. We show that such a configuration exists in every projective plane over Galois field GF(p2) for p≠3. As it has been demonstrated, in a projective plane over arbitrary field F, each hexagon contained in H-T, satisfies the Pappus-Pascal axiom, even if F is noncommutative. Moreover, such a hexagon either is pascalian or has exactly one pair of opposite sides intersecting at a point collinear with two points not belonging to these sides. In particular, all such hexagons are pascalian iff charF=2. For the (noncommutative) field of quaternions, we have determined the set of all roots of the mentioned polynomial. Every H -T is the special Pappus configuration, in which three main diagonals of the hexagon are concurrent.
Banach–Mazur Distance Between Convex Quadrangles
Authors: Lassak Marek
Published: December 2014

It is proved that the Banach-Mazur distance between arbitrary two convex quadrangles is at most 2. The distance equals 2 if and only if the pair of these quadrangles is a parallelogram and a triangle.
Estimation of the Shape Parameter of Ged Distribution for a Small Sample Size
Authors: Purczyński Jan , Bednarz-Okrzyńska Kamila
Published: December 2014

In this paper a new method of estimating the shape parameter of generalized error distribution (GED), called ‘approximated moment method’, was proposed. The following estimators were considered: the one obtained through the maximum likelihood method (MLM), approximated fast estimator (AFE), and approximated moment method (AMM). The quality of estimator was evaluated on the basis of the value of the relative mean square error. Computer simulations were conducted using random number generators for the following shape parameters: s = 0.5, s = 1.0 (Laplace distribution) s = 2.0 (Gaussian distribution) and s = 3.0.
Spatial Differentiation of Child Well-Being in Europe
Authors: Strózik Dorota , Strózik Tomasz
Published: December 2014

An important determinant of the level of development of each country and the whole Europe is the care about an adequate level of well-being and quality of life of all citizens, above all those to whom the future belongs - our children. In the times of demographic changes it is particularly important to understand specific needs and rights of the youngest generation of Europeans. Investing in children is investing in our future, the shape of which will depend precisely on whether the youngest generation will be healthy, well educated and able to participate in the development of their societies. The aim of this study is to identify territorial differentiation of children’s well-being in Europe at the end of the first decade of the 21st century using the methods of multivariate data analysis. The study was based on data published by Eurostat (among others EU-SILC), OECD (PISA), UNICEF, WORLD BANK and WHO (HBSC) for the years 2009 and 2010.
Selected Determinants of Coopetition of Industrial Enterprises in South-Western Poland in 2009–2011
Authors: Tomaszewski Marek
Published: December 2014

When studying literature on the issue coopetition it may be found that this issue has become more and more popular in recent years. However, this finding was not confirmed in economic practice. Reluctance or concerns about coopetition result from caution and distrust of Polish entrepreneurs in relation to other players on the market. In the previous socio-political conditions this approach was successful. However, the current situation forces small and medium-sized enterprises to draw attention to the strategy of “sleeping with the enemy.” In this context, the objective of the study was to answer the question of what factors influence establishing coopetition in south-western Poland in a simulative or detrimental way.
Bioassay for Detection of Dichlorvos Insecticide in Air in Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee (Megachile Rotundata F.) Incubators
Authors: Purdy John R. , Kevan Peter G.
Published: December 2014

Dichlorvos is an insecticide used in slow-release plastic strips for controlling chalcid wasp parasites, such as Pteromalus venustus Walker, in incubators used to raise alfalfa leafcutting bees (Megachile rotundata F.). Beekeepers need a practical method to detect dichlorvos in air and verify that it has dissipated to levels acceptable for worker re-entry and for the bees to emerge. We evaluated three methods for analysis of the dichlorvos concentration in air. Vapor sampling tubes using a manually operated pump or diffusion collection had insufficient sensitivity in the concentration range of interest. Air samples collected using battery powered pumps were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), which was accurate and sensitive, but too costly and slow for practical use. Finally, a convenient bioassay for detecting dichlorvos in air was developed using leafcutting bees and verified by comparison with the results obtained by LC/MS/MS for a series of dose levels. The bioassay is simple enough to be done by the beekeeper on-site, is inexpensive, and gives results within 1 h. The LC50 for dichlorvos vapor in air after 1 h of exposure was 273.2 μg/m3 by the probit regression method or 277.3 μg/m3 by the logit regression method.
Hypopharyngeal Gland Activity in Task-Specific Workers Under Brood and Broodless Conditions in Apis Cerana Indica (Fab.)
Authors: Rahman Seydur , Thangkhiew Ibamelaker , Hajong Sudhanya R.
Published: December 2014

The hypopharyngeal gland (HPG) is the principal organ of protein synthesis in honey bees. It is involved in larval rearing. We examined the fresh head weight, HPG acini diameter, and HPG protein content in worker bees engaged in different tasks and under brood and broodless conditions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the HPG acini diameter of worker bees was related to their task. The highest HPG volume was found in nurse bees, and the volume regressed when the task changed from guarding to foraging. The fresh head weight was positively correlated with HPG acini diameter. Although, there was no positive correlation between HPG acini diameter and protein concentration, the glandular protein concentration increased progressively in nurse bees and declined in guard and forager bees. Histochemistry revealed similar results. Despite displaying significantly larger glands, guard bee protein secretion was similar to that of the foragers. Brooding had a significant effect on HPG activity. Only worker bees from the colony with an intact brood showed elevated rates of protein synthesis; thus, it is possible that a signal was emitted by the brood, which stimulated protein synthesis in the HPG. However, the size of the HPG was similar in both brood and broodless conditions.
Potential Use of Buddleja Thyrsoides for the Control and Prevention of American Foulbrood Disease in Honey Bees
Authors: Boligon Aline A. , Piana Mariana , de Brum Thiele F. , B. de Freitas Robson , Nunes Leticia , Pappis Lauren , Alves Camilla F. S. , Vaucher Rodrigo A. , Santos Roberto C. V. , Athayde Margareth L.
Published: December 2014

Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB ), a severe disease that affects the larvae of the honeybees. The use of plant extracts are considered to be an alternative way of controlling the disease. In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Buddleja thyrsoides Lam. against the Paenibacillus species, including P. larvae, was evaluated. In Mueller-Hinton broth, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MI C) was assessed using the microdilution method. All Paenibacillus species were sensitive to the crude extract and the fractions of B. thyrsoides. The ethyl acetate (EA ) fraction showed a better result with MI C values of 1.68 - 3.36 mg/mL, followed by butanolic (BU) (MI C = 2.18 - 6.54 mg/mL), dichloromethane (DCM) (7.40 - 14.80 mg/mL), and crude extract (CE) (7.51 - 16.90 mg/mL). The toxic effect of the CE and fractions of B. thyrsoides against bees were also evaluated using the spraying application method with the same concentrations of MI Cs. Bee mortality was evident in treatment with DCM fractions only, while CE, EA , and BU extracts showed no toxic effects after 15 days of observation. Furthermore, phenolic acids, tannins, and flavonoids were identified and quantified by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and may be partially responsible for the antimicrobial properties observed. These results show, for the first time, that B. thyrsoides might be a natural alternative for the prevention/control of AFB .
Hydrocarbon Composition of Beeswax (Apis Mellifera) Collected from Light and Dark Coloured Combs
Authors: Waś Ewa , Szczęsna Teresa , Rybak-Chmielewska Helena
Published: December 2014

The hydrocarbon composition of beeswax secreted by Apis mellifera was characterised. In the studies, analyses were made of virgin beeswax (obtained from light combs, socalled „wild-built combs“) that was collected at different dates, and beeswax obtained from dark combs („brood combs“). A qualitative analysis did not show any differences in the hydrocarbon composition of beeswax originating from light and dark coloured combs. The same hydrocarbons (n-alkanes, alkenes, and dienes) were identified in virgin beeswax and beeswax collected from brood combs. However, the studies showed differences in the content of n-alkanes in the beeswax obtained from light and dark coloured combs. In comparison to the virgin beeswax, the beeswax obtained from dark combs had higher content of the total n-alkanes, higher total contents of even-numbered alkanes and odd-numbered alkanes, and higher contents of certain alkanes. Furthermore, it has been found that the hydrocarbon composition of beeswax did not depend on the collection period.
A Comparative Study of Environmental Conditions, Bee Management and the Epidemiological Situation in Apiaries Varying in the Level of Colony Losses
Authors: Pohorecka Krystyna , Bober Andrzej , Skubida Marta , Zdańska Dagmara , Torój Kamila
Published: December 2014

Explaining the reasons for the increased mortality of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) in recent years, in Europe and North America, has become a global research priority in apicultural science. Our project was aimed at determining the relationship between environmental conditions, beekeeping techniques, the epidemiological situation of pathogens, and the mortality rate of bee colonies. Dead bee samples were collected by beekeepers from 2421 colonies. The samples were examined for the presence of V. destructor, Nosema spp. (Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), deformed wing virus (DWV), and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV).

Among the environmental and colony management factors under analysis, significant differences between apiaries with high (>10%), low (≤10%) or no losses of the colonies were only found in the case of the methods used by beekeepers to combat varroa mites. However, the epidemiological patterns in the case of V. destructor infestation and the DWV and ABPV infections highly differed. The data we obtained indicated that co-infections play a decisive role in the etiology of the significant collapse of colonies in apiaries in Poland. The main reason for this phenomenon can be described as strong infestation with V. destructor, followed by an intensive development of viral infections caused by DWV and (much less frequently) by ABPV. Despite a high prevalence of Nosema spp. microsporidia (with a dominant incidence of N. ceranae), a direct relationship between these parasites and the mortality rate of colonies was not proved.
Modeling Nonresponse in Establishment Surveys: Using an Ensemble Tree Model to Create Nonresponse Propensity Scores and Detect Potential Bias in an Agricultural Survey
Authors: Earp Morgan , Mitchell Melissa , McCarthy Jaki , Kreuter Frauke
Published: December 2014

Increasing nonresponse rates in federal surveys and potentially biased survey estimates are a growing concern, especially with regard to establishment surveys. Unlike household surveys, not all establishments contribute equally to survey estimates. With regard to agricultural surveys, if an extremely large farm fails to complete a survey, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) could potentially underestimate average acres operated among other things. In order to identify likely nonrespondents prior to data collection, the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) began modeling nonresponse using Census of Agriculture data and prior Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) response history. Using an ensemble of classification trees, NASS has estimated nonresponse propensities for ARMS that can be used to predict nonresponse and are correlated with key ARMS estimates.
Influences of Environmental Drivers on Land Cover Structure and its Long-Term Changes: a Case Study of the Villages of Malachov and Podkonice in Slovakia / Vliv Environmentálních Podmínek Na Strukturu Krajinného Pokryvu A Její Dlouhodobé Změny: Případová Studie Obcí Malachov A Podkonice Na Slovensku
Authors: Druga Michal , Falťan Vladimír
Published: December 2014

The influence of environmental drivers on long-term land cover changes in two mountainous villages in Central Slovakia is assessed in this paper using generalized linear models (GLM). Historical cadastral maps and aerial photographs were analyzed to describe the land cover change over five time horizons ranging from 1860 to the present, using the CORINE Land Cover classification. The hypothesis that higher slope, elevation and distance to settlement strongly influence lower intensities of land use was mostly confirmed, but geology was also identified as an important factor. The category of ‘forests’ was the most accounted for land cover class, while arable land and grassland were only considerably affected by the drivers in some periods. On the other hand, shrubs were almost completely unrelated to the investigated drivers. The areas of land cover change were not so well explained by the GLMs.
Characterization of FeCo based catalyst for ammonia decomposition. The effect of potassium oxide
Authors: Lendzion-Bieluń Zofia , Pelka Rafał , Czekajło Łukasz
Published: December 2014

FeCo fused catalyst was obtained by fusing iron and cobalt oxides with an addition of calcium, aluminium, and potassium oxides (CaO, Al2O3, K2O). An additional amount of potassium oxide was inserted by wet impregnation. Chemical composition of the prepared catalysts was determined with an aid of the XRF method. On the basis of XRD analysis it was found that cobalt was built into the structure of magnetite and solid solution of CoFe2O4 was formed. An increase in potassium content develops surface area of the reduced form of the catalyst, number of adsorption sites for hydrogen, and the ammonia decomposition rate. The nitriding process of the catalyst slows down the ammonia decomposition.
Genital Lichen Sclerosus – Has Th ere Been any Progress in Treatment?
Authors: Karadaglić Đorđije
Published: December 2014

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis localized mainly in the anogenital region, accompanied by itching, atrophy and sclerosis. Progressive destructive scarring in genital lichen sclerosus (GLS) may result in burying of the clitoris in females and phimosis in males. Affected persons have an increased risk of genital cancers. It is often unrecognized in everyday clinical practice due to undiagnosed squamous cell carcinoma at the site of lesions. Remissions are rare and the estimated remission rate is only 16%. GLS is a lifelong, incurable condition, but signifi cant improvement can be achieved. Numerous therapeutic modalities have been used in GLS; unfortunately, the number of controlled studies is small and the results are mostly related to the management of symptoms, not the progression of the disease and destructive scarring. A systemic meta analysis of seven randomized controlled trials on local therapy of GLS was performed. It included a total of 249 patients treated with six topical agents: clobetasol propionate, mometasone furoate, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone and pimecrolimus. Topical corticosteroids, clobetasol propionate 0.05% (highly potent) and mometasone furoate 0.05% (potent), showed to be significantly more efficient compared to placebo. Pimecrolimus 1% cream and clobetasol propionate 0.05% showed similar efficacy. Both agents have proven effective in the treatment of GLS: there was no statistically significant difference in relieving symptoms of pruritus and burning/pain. Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment also proved to be effective in the treatment of GLS. Topical androgens and progesterone did not show significant efficacy. Topical tretinoin and calcipotriol have been used with limited success, but they may induce irritation, so they are rarely used in the treatment of GLS. Other therapeutic options for GLS include ultraviolet A1 (UVA-1) phototherapy, methotrexate, retinoids, cyclosporine, stanozolol, hydroxychloroquine, calcitriol, laser and photodynamic therapy, but the number of patients is small to allow for conclusive assessment. Surgery is not a standard therapeutic option for GLS.

In conclusion, treatment of GLS should be carried out in two phases: introduction of remission and maintenance of remission; topical therapy should include highly potent corticosteroids once daily during three months, followed by twice per week, or twice daily during 4 to 6 weeks, and then twice per week. There are different opinions regarding maintenance therapy: application of super potent or potent topical corticosteroids; these patients need long-term, several-year follow-up, although there is no agreement what parameters should be assessed; treatment efficacy is often reduced to monitoring GLS symptoms.
Applicability of Bromilow´s Time-cost Model for Residential Projects in Slovakia
Authors: Mačková Daniela , Bašková Renáta
Published: December 2014

The concept of construction time has been mentioned by most researchers as one of the key factors of a successful project. Time-cost model for rapid estimation of construction time appeared in the world some fifty years ago and the most mentioned is model developed by Bromilow. The purpose of submitted research is to validate Bromilow´s time-cost (BTC) model and identify constants in BTC model in context with residential construction projects in Slovak construction conditions. The data for the study were obtained from 28 residential projects completed within the period 2010-2013 in regions of Slovakia. The data were analyzed using classical correlation and regression analysis
Studies of the Prefabricated Housing Construction Market in Poland
Authors: Radziszewska-Zielina Elżbieta , Gleń Monika
Published: December 2014

The directions of development of the construction market are not only related to the need to own one’s own home but also to increasing functional and economic requirements and conditions of sustainable development. The perception and understanding of prefabrication in housing construction are undoubtedly starting to change. Sustainable construction criteria may constitute a significant turning point and support for the development of new prefabricated housing construction technologies. Entrepreneurs are slowly perceiving an opportunity for the development of prefabrication in the construction market. The implementation and popularisation of ready-made homes will undoubtedly constitute a favourable change in the Polish construction market; however, this will require a modification of habits. This article presents an historical analysis of the development of the prefabricated housing construction market as well as an attempt to answer questions concerning the future of prefabrication in housing construction in Poland based on the conducted studies.
Preparation Measurements and Assessment of Roof Systems
Authors: Baláž Richard , Bagoňa Miloslav
Published: December 2014

The Institute of Architectural Engineering at the Civil Engineering Faculty TU of Kosice, in its ongoing research, aims to monitor the physical properties of building envelope structures with emphasis placed on hydrothermal problems, at present. The research focuses on the assembly of equipment in climate chambers with their respective sample envelopes and fenestration systems, which are involved in a measuring experiment. The prime aim is to design a logical and transparent system for gathering, evaluating and storing hydrothermal related data. This contribution further illustrates the embedding system of measurement points in installed samples and the system of monitoring their physical properties over an annual period.
Facility Management as Part of an Integrated Design of Civil Engineering Structures
Authors: Hyben Ivan , Podmanický Peter
Published: December 2014

The present article deals about facility management, as still relatively young component of an integrated planning and design of buildings. Attention is focused on the area of the proposal, which can greatly affect to amount of future operating costs. Operational efficiency has been divided into individual components and satisfaction with the solution of buildings already constructed was assessed by workers, who are actually dedicated facility management in these organizations. The results were then assessed and evaluated through regression analysis. The aim of this paper is to determine to what extent is desired update project documentation of new buildings from the perspective of facility management.
Approach for Assessing Direct Flood Damages
Authors: Gaňová Lenka , Zeleňáková Martina , Słyś Daniel , Purcz Pavol
Published: December 2014

This article presents a methodological approach to flood direct tangible damage - damage to assets and direct intangible damage - environmental damage and loss of life assessment. The assessment of flood risk is an essential part of the risk management approach, which is the conceptual basis for the EU directive 2007/60/ES on the assessment and management of flood risk. The purpose of this directive is to establish a framework for the assessment and management of flood risk, aiming at the reduction of the adverse consequences for human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity associated with flood in the community. Overall, an accurate estimation of negative effects on assets, environment and people is important in order to be able to determine the economy, environmental and social flood risk level in a system and the effects of risk mitigation measures.
Combined Clinical and Home Rehabilitation: Case Report of an Integrated Knowledge-to-Action Study in a Dutch Rehabilitation Stroke Unit
Authors: Nanninga Christa S. , Postema Klaas , Schönherr Marleen C. , van Twillert Sacha , Lettinga Ant T.
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose

There is growing awareness that the poor uptake of evidence in health care is not a knowledge-transfer problem but rather one of knowledge production. This issue calls for re-examination of the evidence produced and assumptions that underpin existing knowledge-to-action (KTA) activities. Accordingly, it has been advocated that KTA studies should treat research knowledge and local practical knowledge with analytical impartiality. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the complexities in an evidence-informed improvement process of organized stroke care in a local rehabilitation setting.

Case Description

A participatory action approach was used to co-create knowledge and engage local therapists in a 2-way knowledge translation and multidirectional learning process. Evidence regarding rehabilitation stroke units was applied in a straightforward manner, as the setting met the criteria articulated in stroke unit reviews. Evidence on early supported discharge (ESD) could not be directly applied because of differences in target group and implementation environment between the local and reviewed settings. Early supported discharge was tailored to the needs of patients severely affected by stroke admitted to the local rehabilitation stroke unit by combining clinical and home rehabilitation (CCHR).

Outcomes

Local therapists welcomed CCHR because it helped them make their task-specific training truly context specific. Key barriers to implementation were travel time, logistical problems, partitioning walls between financing streams, and legislative procedures.

Discussion

Improving local settings with available evidence is not a straightforward application process but rather a matter of searching, logical reasoning, and creatively working with heterogeneous knowledge sources in partnership with different stakeholders. Multiple organizational levels need to be addressed rather than focusing on therapists as sole site of change.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Cancer Referred for Outpatient Physical Therapy
Authors: Alappattu Meryl J. , Coronado Rogelio A. , Lee Derek , Bour Barbara , George Steven Z.
Published: December 2014

Background

Cancer rehabilitation is a developing area, with an increasing number of survivors of cancer in the United States. The increase in survivorship occurs alongside impairments arising directly from cancer or from treatment-related side effects.

Objective

This study described clinical characteristics of patients with cancer referred for outpatient physical therapy and explored patterns in frequency of impairments between type of cancer and mode of cancer treatment.

Design

This was a retrospective chart review of patients with cancer referred to a tertiary care physical therapy clinic over a 2-year period.

Methods

Characteristics such as age, sex, cancer type, mode of treatment, and neuromusculoskeletal impairments were identified. Impairment frequencies were computed based on cancer type and mode of treatment.

Results

Data from 418 patients (mean age=57.9 years, SD=14.3; 41.1% female) were examined. Genitourinary cancer (n=169) and breast cancer (n=90) were the most prevalent types of cancer reported in this sample. Impairments in strength (83.6%) and soft tissue (71.3%) were the most common examination findings. Lymphedema was most common in patients with breast cancer, and incontinence was most common in patients with genitourinary cancer.

Limitations

The types of cancer identified in this study may be reflective of this tertiary center and may not generalize to other facilities. Impairment identification during the initial physical therapist evaluation was not performed systematically.

Conclusion

These data reinforce that physical therapists should screen for lymphedema in patients with breast cancer and incontinence in urogenital cancers. Strength and soft tissue integrity should be evaluated in most patients with cancer. Assessing pain and fatigue levels is recommended for patients who have had radiation therapy.
Physical Activity Levels Early After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Wickerson Lisa , Mathur Sunita , Singer Lianne G. , Brooks Dina
Published: December 2014

Background

Little is known of the early changes in physical activity after lung transplantation.

Objectives

The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe physical activity levels in patients up to 6 months following lung transplantation and (2) to explore predictors of the change in physical activity in that population.

Design

This was a prospective cohort study.

Methods

Physical activity (daily steps and time spent in moderate-intensity activity) was measured using an accelerometer before and after transplantation (at hospital discharge, 3 months, and 6 months). Additional functional measurements included submaximal exercise capacity (measured with the 6-Minute Walk Test), quadriceps muscle torque, and health-related quality of life (measured with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey 36 [SF-36] and the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire).

Results

Thirty-six lung transplant recipients (18 men, 18 women; mean age=49 years, SD=14) completed posttransplant measurements. Before transplant, daily steps were less than a third of the general population. By 3 months posttransplant, the largest improvement in physical activity had occurred, and level of daily steps reached 55% of the general population. The change in daily steps (pretransplant to 3 months posttransplant) was inversely correlated with pretransplant 6-minute walk distance (r=−.48, P=.007), daily steps (r=−.36, P=.05), and SF-36 physical functioning (SF-36 PF) score (r=−.59, P=.0005). The SF-36 PF was a significant predictor of the change in physical activity, accounting for 35% of the variation in change in daily steps.

Limitations

Only individuals who were ambulatory prior to transplant and discharged from the hospital in less than 3 months were included in the study.

Conclusions

Physical activity levels improve following lung transplantation, particularly in individuals with low self-reported physical functioning. However, the majority of lung transplant recipients remain sedentary between 3 to 6 months following transplant. The role of exercise training, education, and counseling in further improving physical activity levels in lung transplant recipients should be further explored.
Daily Exercises and Education for Preventing Low Back Pain in Children: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hill Julia J. , Keating Jennifer L.
Published: December 2014

Background

Children report low back pain (LBP) as young as 8 years. Preventing LBP in children may prevent or delay adult incidence.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine whether education and daily exercise affect LBP episodes in children compared with education alone.

Design

This was a prospective, multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial.

Setting

The study was conducted at 7 New Zealand primary schools.

Participants

Children (n=708), aged 8 to 11 years, from 7 schools stratified by sample size (36, 114, 151, 168, 113, 45, 83) were randomized and allocated to 2 masked groups: intervention (4 schools, n=469) or control (3 schools, n=239).

Interventions

Participants in the intervention group were taught 4 spinal movements for daily practice. Both groups participated in education that emphasized “back awareness.”

Measurements

Low back pain history at baseline was assessed. Children reported episodes of LBP during the previous week on trial days 7, 21, 49, 105, 161, and 270. Analysis was at the individual participant level, with adjustment for school clusters.

Results

There were no significant differences between groups in the odds of reporting no LBP in the previous week during the study period (odds ratio [OR]=0.72; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=0.46, 1.14; P=.16). The intervention group reported significantly fewer episodes of LBP (OR=0.54; 95% CI=0.39, 0.74; P<.001) and significantly fewer lifetime first episodes of LBP (n=86 [34%]) compared with the control group (n=58 [47%]) (OR=0.60; 95% CI=0.39, 0.91; P=.02). The odds of an episode of LBP were greater in participants with a history of LBP (OR=4.21; 95% CI=3.07, 5.78; P<.001). Low back pain episodes decreased across the trial period for both groups (OR=0.89; 95% CI=0.84, 0.95; P<.001). Adherence to exercise was poor.

Limitations

Replication in other settings is needed.

Conclusions

Regular exercise and education appear to reduce LBP episodes in children aged 8 to 11 years compared with education alone.
Descriptive Data Analysis Examining How Standardized Assessments Are Used to Guide Post–Acute Discharge Recommendations for Rehabilitation Services After Stroke
Authors: Bland Marghuretta D. , Whitson Michelle , Harris Hilary , Edmiaston Jeff , Connor Lisa Tabor , Fucetola Robert , Carter Alexandre , Corbetta Maurizio , Lang Catherine E.
Published: December 2014

Background

Use of standardized assessments in acute rehabilitation is continuing to grow, a key objective being to assist clinicians in determining services needed postdischarge.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine how standardized assessment scores from initial acute care physical therapist and occupational therapist evaluations contribute to discharge recommendations for poststroke rehabilitation services.

Design>

A descriptive analysis was conducted.

Methods

A total of 2,738 records of patients admitted to an acute care hospital with a diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack were identified. Participants received an initial physical therapist and occupational therapist evaluation with standardized assessments and a discharge recommendation of home with no services, home with services, inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), or skilled nursing facility (SNF). A K-means clustering algorithm determined if it was feasible to categorize participants into the 4 groups based on their assessment scores. These results were compared with the physical therapist and occupational therapist discharge recommendations to determine if assessment scores guided postacute care recommendations.

Results

Participants could be separated into 4 clusters (A, B, C, and D) based on assessment scores. Cluster A was the least impaired, followed by clusters B, C, and D. In cluster A, 50% of the participants were recommended for discharge to home without services, whereas 1% were recommended for discharge to an SNF. Clusters B, C, and D each had a large proportion of individuals recommended for discharge to an IRF (74%–80%). There was a difference in percentage of recommendations across the clusters that was largely driven by the differences between cluster A and clusters B, C, and D.

Limitations

Additional unknown factors may have influenced the discharge recommendations.

Conclusions

Participants poststroke can be classified into meaningful groups based on assessment scores from their initial physical therapist and occupational therapist evaluations. These assessment scores, in part, guide poststroke acute care discharge recommendations.
Does the System of Judicial Appointment Matter? Exploring Women’s Representation on Ontario’s Courts
Authors: Crandall Erin
Published: December 2014

Using an original dataset of appointments to Ontario’s provincial and superior courts from 1972 to 2012, this article explores whether the system of judicial appointment affects the representation of women on the bench. In addition to providing a comprehensive review of judicial appointments in Ontario, the article finds that since the introduction of new judicial appointments systems by the federal and Ontario governments in 1989, the provincial system appointed approximately 5 percent more women judges. The data also reveals that Conservative parties were less likely to appoint women to the bench than the Liberal Party and NDP over this forty-year period. If diversity on the bench is to be a serious policy objective for governments, this research indicates that certain approaches may prove more effective than others. In particular, Ontario’s provincial nominating committee system has been more successful in appointing women judges—especially in the years it actively recruited women applicants—than the federal government’s review committee system.
Eloquent (In)action: Enforcement and Prosecutorial Restraint in the Transnational Trade in Human Eggs As Deep Ambivalence about the Law
Authors: Drummond Susan G. , Cohen Sara R.
Published: December 2014

This article approaches a piece of Canadian criminal legislation by analyzing the law’s extraterritorial effect and putting the law’s practical import within a mobile and global context—and from that perspective concludes that the domestic law is practically and morally impoverished. The law in question is section 7 of the Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHRA), which criminally prohibits the purchase, offer to purchase, and advertising for purchase of gametes from a donor or from a person acting on behalf of a donor. While large swathes of the AHRA were held to violate the division of powers in a 2010 Supreme Court reference, section 7 remains standing as valid federal legislation, though effectively almost never enforced. Some scholars, notably Francoise Baylis and Jocelyn Downie, urge more rigorous enforcement both within Canada and extraterritorially, drawing on common law principles that stretch the long law of Canadian penal statutes across national borders. Sara Cohen and Susan Drummond argue that not only is the extraterritorial reach of the Canadian executive drastically shorter than Baylis and Downie might wish, a growing and elite transnational reproductive traffic has outpaced and undermined the moral legitimacy of the law domestically. They argue that any well-founded policy aspirations behind section 7 are far more likely to be met with the repeal of section 7 in favour of an administrative regime for the regulation of reproductive technologies. The result would be less hypocritical and more democratic.
Conciliation emploi-famille et porosité des temps sociaux chez les avocats et les avocates : des stratégies de report et d’intensification pour arriver à concilier?
Authors: Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle
Published: December 2014

Notre recherche visait à vérifier dans quelle mesure la pratique de la profession d’avocat a évolué au fil des ans pour permettre de concilier emploi et famille et ce, dans les différents milieux de travail et types de pratique. Nous avons choisi de faire une recherche qualitative, par entretiens, afin de mieux comprendre les trajectoires des personnes et les motifs de leurs choix professionnels et familiaux. Nous avons pu constater que les avocats bénéficient souvent d’une grande autonomie et d’une bonne flexibilité dans l’organisation de leur temps de travail. Par contre, lorsqu’arrivent les enfants et qu’il faut concilier le travail avec la vie familiale, les avocats, surtout les femmes, développent des stratégies pour « faire les heures facturables », mieux performer, sans trop déborder sur leur temps personnel ou familial. Cela peut se faire par le report d’activités, mais aussi par l’intensification du travail au bureau, élimination de la pause de dîner, recours au répondeur, suppression des pauses café, des échanges avec les collègues, etc. L’interférence du travail sur la vie familiale/personnelle n’est pas toujours vécue négativement par les avocats, parce qu’elle semble intériorisée par tous. On peut certes s’interroger sur l’effet de ces stratégies d’aménagement du temps de travail (intensification, report) sur les carrières.