bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON INDIAN INWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
Authors: Sharma Nandini , Chatterjee Sumana
Published: February 2023

Over time the importance of Foreign Direct Investment is elevating around the world. It not only flourishes the economy with funds but also brings in other benefits like technology and expertise. Moreover, it is a capital infusion without any debt burden on the economy. The covid-19 pandemic has carried a negative economic growth rate and employment ratio in the world (World Bank indicators). Specifically, the Gross Domestic Product growth rate and employment ratio in India were reduced by 7 percent and 8 percent in 2020. In these circumstances, FDI can provide a major boost to the economy. This paper attempts to find out the impact of Covid-19 on inward Foreign Direct Investments by comparing the pre-covid-19 investments with investments during covid-19. The paper investigates the impact on a world level and BRIC nations. It further examines the impact of the pandemic on India’s inward FDI through the impact on components of FDI and the impact on sector-wise, country-wise, and region-wide distribution. The paper concludes that global investments were reduced by 34 percent and among the BRIC nations, Russia was the most affected country. In India, the correlation between inward FDI and covid-19 is positive and significant. The positive growth is influenced by the covid-19 pandemic-driven investment in the drugs and pharmaceuticals sector and Facebook’s big investment in Reliance-jio. Investments from Mauritius were reduced by considerable volume but investments from the U.S.A soared despite the pandemic. Except for the west zone which can be attributed to investments in Gujarat, investments in all other three zones were reduced during covid-19. The Indian investments were centralized with 82 percent of total investments in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Delhi.
Studies on durability properties of natural fibre-reinforced green lightweight foamed concrete employing industrial hemp fibres
Authors: Md Azree Othuman Mydin  , Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi  , Roshartini Omar  , Hadee Mohammed Najm  , Paul Oluwaseun Awoyera
Published: February 2023

The utilization of natural fibres for the invention of building materials has increased significantly in recent years in the construction industry. Hemp fibre-reinforced concrete, according to research, can provide low-cost building materials for residential and low-rise buildings while achieving sustainable construction and meeting future environmental targets. The purpose of this research was to improve the durability of lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) reinforced with hemp fibre (HF). Six weight fractions of HF were considered specifically 0.0% (control), 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%. Besides, three densities of LFC which were 500, 900 and 1300 kg/m3 were cast and tested. The properties evaluated were drying shrinkage, water absorption, depth of carbonation and porosity. From the durability tests, it was observed that the optimal results for water absorption, depth of carbonation and porosity tests were attained with the addition of 0.5% HF into LFC mixes. For the drying shrinkage test, LFC with the weight fractions of 0.3% (500 kg/m3), 0.4% (900 kg/m3) and 0.5% (1300 kg/m3) reveal the optimal drying shrinkage. This research has provided a foundation for further research into HF-strengthening LFC. There is a huge potential to utilize HF in cement-based materials for durability and mechanical properties enhancement. The use of industrial HF might make it possible to reduce fine aggregate while still producing LFC of higher quality. The inclusion of agricultural fibres in LFC will also promote the expansion of farming operations, which will have rewarding economic benefits.
NEURONAL PLASTICITY AS A PREVENTION TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Da Costa Elanny Mirelle , Gadino Félix Érica , Filgueira de Souza Ingrid Ruama , Marques Medeiros e Silva Jaiza , Gomes da Silva Joelma , Leonardo Araújo de Góis Morais Paulo , Oliveira Lucidio Clebeson de
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Neuronal plasticity is the brain's ability to perform activities and readapt itself from a stimulus caused by the external environment. Related to that, understands that with the human aging process, the organism tends to develop diseases, amongst them, those involving the cognitive processes, in case, like the Alzheimer´s Disease. Therefore, this work have the objective of discuss the importance of the neuronal plasticity and your relation with the Alzheimer’s Disease. Method: An integrative review was made in order to analyze the available studies on SciElo, PubMed, VHL and SciVerse Scopus databases, from the neuronal plasticity, memory and Alzheimer descriptors. Articles in Portuguese and English languages were used, with the publication period between the years 2000 and 2020. Results: Two of the three studies about the inclusion criteria reported positive results with relation to the clinical condition, mood, learning and memorization of the elderly subjected to the realization of activities that stimulate the neuronal plasticity, so that stimulate the brain, memorize, learn or relearn something new. For that, was introduced to the patients’ routine the involvement of repeated practice of tasks like games performed on the computer, the psychoeducation, beyond varied techniques of behavior changes and lifestyle, incorporating cognitive interventions with the aid of physical exercises. The last study used did not show any significant results that demonstrated the effectiveness of intervention in multiple domains and health counseling in the development of neuronal plasticity in the studied groups. Conclusion: With the present article, was possible conclude that stimulate the brain for new activities provokes the stimulation of synapses on the memorization and learn processes, contributing with the prevention of the onset of Alzheimer’s Disease.

Keywords: Neuronal plasticity. Memory. Alzheimer.
Desemprego: Relação entre Autoeficácia e Bem-estar Subjetivo
Authors: Oliveira Matildes José , Zanini Daniela Sacramento
Published: February 2023

Um estudo sobre autoeficácia, bem-estar subjetivo e desemprego, tendo como objetivo verificar a relação entre os aspectos pessoais (dados demográficos),  autoeficácia e bem-estar subjetivo  em trabalhadores desempregados da cidade de Goiânia-Go, e região metropolitana.   Ele está estruturado em duas partes. Na primeira, faz-se uma revisão teórica sobre o tema, com levantamento histórico sobre a categoria trabalho, pontuando seus índices na atualidade. Apresentando as abordagens teóricas de autoeficácia fundamentadas nas teorias de Albert Bandura que sustentam esse construto, e, também, os conceitos e reflexões referentes a bem-estar subjetivo. Na segunda parte, apresentam-se alguns estudos empíricos de diversos pesquisadores sobre o tema e a pesquisa deste trabalho, que dispôs de uma amostra que incluiu 254 desempregados da cidade de Goiânia e região. Os dados foram obtidos por meio das agências do Sistema Nacional de Emprego (Sine), empresas de recursos humanos e uma escola de educação para jovens e adultos. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de investigação um questionário sociodemográfico com itens relacionados ao desemprego, uma escala de autoeficácia contendo 19 itens relacionados à questão do desemprego elaborada por Campos (2011) e uma de bem-estar subjetivo (Ebes), a qual contempla 47 itens que medem afeto positivo e negativo, elaborada e validada por Albuquerque e Trócolli em 2004. A coleta de dados restringem-se a órgãos e empresas de cidade de Goiânia. Os dados revelam que uma parte significativa dos desempregados são provenientes de outros estados  e  o perfil das pessoas pesquisadas encontra-se em consonância com o parâmetro nacional.  Foram  analisados a regressão entre a autoeficácia, sexo, idade, tempo de desemprego e bem-estar subjetivo dos desempregados. Os resultados revelam que o afeto positivo é explicado em 25% pelas variáveis sexos (beta = 0,22 e p = 0,003) e autoeficácia (beta = 0,41 e p = 0,000). Contudo, a idade e tempo de desemprego não explicam afeto positivo relatado pelos desempregados.
LEVANTAMENTO DA INTENSIDADE DE INFESTAÇÃO DE BROCA (Diatraea saccharalis) EM DIFERENTES VARIEDADES DE CANA DE AÇÚCAR
Authors: Ferreira Silva Santana Laila Fane , Xavier Elitânia Gomes
Published: February 2023

A cultura da cana de açúcar é de grande importância para o Brasil, é viável economicamente, devido o aumento do consumo de açúcar e álcool, destacando - se devido a geração de empregos, produção de açúcar, etanol, energia e geração de empregos. Porém, a cultura sofre com o ataque da broca Diatraea saccharalis, a mesma é uma das pragas mais importantes que atacam a cana de açúcar no Brasil, e está distribuída em todas as regiões canavieiras do país, a praga é um inseto hospedeiro de várias culturas de interesse econômico, os danos mais severos são ocasionados na cana-de-açúcar, o presente trabalho objetivou-se fazer o levantamento da intensidade da infestação final de Diatraea spp. em diferentes variedades de cana-de-açúcar.  O estudo foi realizado nas regiões Pouso Alegre, Caiçara, São Pedro, Cristalina e Esplanada, na Empresa Jalles Machado S.A., localizada no município de Goianésia - GO, onde se localizam as cultivares: CTC15, CTC4, RB867515, IAC91-1099, IAC87-3396 e CTC2. Os índices de ataque da broca da cana nas variedades avaliadas são infestações que ocorrem naturalmente nos canaviais da Jalles Machado S.A. Ao todo foram avaliados 37.500 entrenós, das seis variedades pesquisadas. O levantamento foi realizado nos meses de Abril a Novembro de 2014. O conhecimento da intensidade de infestação assume particular importância, não só para estimar a extensão dos danos causados como para constatar a necessidade de controle. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, concluiu que todas as regiões analisadas foram infestadas pela broca (Diatraea saccharalis), sendo que a variedade mais atacada pela D. saccharalis foi CTC4 com 7,29% de infestação. Na média geral o índice de  infestação final das seis variedades analisadas foi 5,56%.
Protests and Media Representations: An Intersectional Analysis of the Marikana Massacre (2012), the Johannesburg Protests, and the Phoenix Massacre (2021)
Authors: Joseph Juliet Eileen
Published: February 2023

This study contributes to the current body of knowledge that explores how the media creates stereotypes and influences gender parity in society. A vast amount of literature has been published on gender and the media, resulting in sufficient conceptual and theoretical frameworks. Using intersectional analysis, the study examines how media frames, focalizes and represents intersecting roles to shed light on afro-patriarchal frames, stereotypes, and representations. A qualitative analysis of two major events that occurred during South Africa’s post-colonial period, the Marikana Massacre, the Phoenix Massacre which was accompanied by protests in parts of Johannesburg are presented in this study. The study findings highlight that these hallmark incidents in South African history are characterized by nationalistic, capitalist, and gendered discourses. As a result of the Marikana Massacre, the study suggests that the state insisted on pursuing its national interests at all costs, including using force and pushing agendas under the guise of increased nationalism and patriotism. In contrast, the study suggests that the state used limited force against looters and those who burned tyres and factories during the Phoenix Massacre. Moreover, dominant frames connected to state nationalism and upholding capitalism remain linked to intersectional differences in unequal societies.

Keywords: Gender, Media, Intersectional Theory; Inequality, Nationalism, Post-colonial, Capitalism
Investigating Stellar Variability in the Open Cluster Region NGC 381
Authors: Maurya Jayanand , Joshi Y. C. , Panchal A. , Gour A. S.
Published: February 2023

We study variable stars in the field of the open cluster NGC 381 using photometric data observed over 27 nights and identify a total of 57 variable stars, six of which are member stars. The variable stars are classified based on their periods, amplitudes, light-curve shapes, and locations in the H-R diagram. We found a rich variety of variable stars in the cluster. We identified a total of 10 eclipsing binaries, of which two are of Algol type while eight are of W UMa type (EW). The estimated ages of these EW binaries are greater than 0.6 Gyr, which is in agreement with the formation time constraint of ≥0.6 Gyr on short-period eclipsing binaries. The physical parameters of the two EW-type binaries are estimated using PHOEBE model-fitting software. The pulsating variable stars include one each from the δ Scuti and γ Dor variability classes. We determined the pulsation modes of pulsating variables with the help of the FAMIAS package. We obtained 15 rotational variable stars comprising four dwarf stars identified on the basis of their log(g) versus log(T
eff) diagram. These dwarf stars are found to have generally longer periods than the remaining rotational variables.
Fertility Pattern and Differential in India
Authors: Basumatary Konita
Published: February 2023

The study attempt to study fertility Pattern and Differential in India considering the background characteristics including different Caste, educational level, wealth index, mortality rates, and religious groups, and also to determine factors affecting them. For the study the data used are from the five rounds of the National Family Health Survey such as NFHS-1 (1992-93), NFHS-2 (1998-99), NFHS-3 (2005-06), NFHS-4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21). The data are collected from the twenty-five states in which the factors such as total fertility rate, residence, education, religion, caste, and wealth index were taken from background characteristics of NFHS-2 to NFHS-5 whereas the missing data in between and for NFHS-1 (1992-93) are obtained through interpolation. Thus, the data is balanced panel data, the panel data regression model is used to determine the factors that influence the fertility pattern and differential using Eviews 12 software. The study found fertility differential among caste, religion, wealth index, mortality index, educational level, and residence. And the fertility differential is found to be affected by contraceptive use, birth order, age at first marriage, birth interval, unmet need for family planning, and sex preference among the couples.
Merleau-Ponty’s Embodied Phenomenology and the Multiplicity of Trans Narratives
Authors: Hetterley Jae
Published: February 2023

Être transgenre implique des relations uniques à son propre corps, ainsi que la question du récit dans la formation du sujet – deux thèmes-clés chez Merleau-Ponty. Mais même si l’on accepte d’aller au-delà de l’histoire stéréotypée d’être « pris·e dans le mauvais corps », tant dans les communautés trans que dans le discours public plus large il existe une tendance fâcheuse à universaliser de tels récits – et ce, en dépit de l’hétérogénéité apparente que l’on retrouve dans les descriptions individuelles à la première personne. La question émerge donc à savoir : comment rendre compte philosophiquement de cette différence à la première personne tout en visant une politique de solidarité ? Cet essai cherche à utiliser la phénoménologie de Merleau-Ponty dans un sens pratique, en se concentrant sur sa description du « schéma corporel » pour atténuer cette tension. En effet, tandis que Merleau-Ponty nous fournit un ensemble général d’instruments pour comprendre la relation entre incarnation et comportement, ses exemples phénoménologiques sont souvent fortement singuliers. De la sorte, dans le contexte des subjectivités transgenres, le but est de creuser davantage cet espace discursif, comme prologue pour une praxis qui soit plus réceptive à l’expérience vécue des personnes trans.
Notes et taux de décrochage inébranlables durant la Covid-19 en enseignement universitaire à distance
Authors: Baillifard Ambroise , Martarelli Corinna S.
Published: February 2023

Avec la Covid-19, d’aucuns pensaient que les études universitaires allaient être impactées négativement par le passage au tout à distance. La diminution des contacts sociaux, l’éloignement physique de la réalité universitaire et l’ambiance anxiogène pouvaient faire craindre le pire. Deux semestres plus tard, nous faisons un bilan au sein de UniDistance Suisse grâce à deux sources d’informations principales : une comparaison pluriannuelle des taux de décrochage pluriannuels (n=4664) et des résultats notés (n=3577). Des tests de chi-carré de Pearson et U de Mann-Whitney complètent les analyses descriptives. Les résultats interdisent de conclure à un impact négatif significatif de la Covid-19 sur la réussite universitaire d’étudiants non traditionnels, adultes en reprise d’études (âge moyen = 35 ans). Ce constat révèle la résilience et le mérite de la majorité des personnes concernées qui ont pu trouver les ressources pour faire face.
An interpretable hierarchical semantic convolutional neural network to diagnose melanoma in skin lesions
Authors: Wu Hui-Ching , Tu Yu-Chen , Chen Po-Han , Tseng Ming-Hseng
Published: February 2023

Melanoma is a more dangerous skin cancer than other types of skin cancer because it rapidly spreads to other organs in its early stages. In the increasingly popular task of computer-aided diagnosis using deep learning methods, these models are difficult to interpret and often considered "black boxes". The lack of interpretation of the model prevents the target users from fully understanding it. This study proposes a new interpretable hierarchical semantic convolutional neural network (MEL-HSNet) to diagnose melanoma. The benefits and strength of our approach are a white-box model that not only predicts whether a skin lesion observed in a dermoscopy scan image is melanoma but also provides explanatory information for decision-making. Compared to other convolutional neural networks, the MEL-HSNet model proposed in this study can generate interpretable information on melanoma prediction and obtain significantly better results compared to the other available models.
Itinerário da família para obter o diagnóstico da criança com necessidades especiais de saúde/ The itinerary of families to obtain the diagnosis of the children with special healthcare needs
Authors: Kath de Oliveira Nornberg Pâmela , Calcagno Gomes Giovana , Rodrigues Aline , Magroski Goulart Nobre Camila , Sandra Avila Minasi Alex , Quadros Alvarez Simone
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: conhecer o itinerário percorrido pela família para a obtenção do diagnóstico da criança com necessidades especiais de saúde. Método: realizou-se estudo qualitativo em uma unidade de internação pediátrica do sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se como referencial metodológico a Grounded Theory. Participaram 16 familiares cuidadores. Os dados foram coletados em 2019 por entrevistas e submetidos à codificação aberta e axial. Resultados: as famílias percorreram um longo itinerário até o recebimento do diagnóstico da criança: detectaram alterações no seu estado geral, realizaram diversos exames, desconfiaram o diagnóstico por já ter outros com o mesmo na família, receberam informações dos profissionais da saúde acerca dos cuidados necessários e dos serviços especializados para o seu tratamento, apresentaram medo, pânico, negação e valorizaram a fé em Deus na esperança da melhora da criança. Considerações finais: o enfermeiro necessita desenvolver um processo educativo junto à família para que ela se sinta preparada e capaz de cuidar dessas crianças.
Vivência de cuidadores informais na transição de papéis após o processo de desospitalização / Informal caregivers’ experience in role transition after dehospitalization
Authors: Bernardi Marianna Brisola , Gonçalves Amanda de Souza , Barbosa Samira Goldberg Rego , Bernal Suelen Cristina Zandonadi , Plantier Gabriel Mendes , Rodrigues Thamires Fernandes Cardoso da Silva , Radovanovic Cremilde Aparecida Trindade
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: apreender as vivências de cuidadores informais de pessoas dependentes no processo de transição de papéis após a desospitalização. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, realizado com cuidadores informais de pessoas dependentes que participaram de um protocolo de instrumentalização para alta. A coleta de dados ocorreu com 10 participantes da região sul do país, entre julho e agosto de 2021, por meio de entrevistas conduzidas no domicílio. Para a organização dos dados, utilizou-se o software IRAMUTEQ®. A análise se ancorou na Teoria das Transições. Resultados: os resultados abordaram o processo de transição situacional de cuidadores informais, emergindo três classes finais: Classe 1 - Dificuldades no cotidiano de cuidados com a pessoa dependente; Classe 2 – Significados atribuídos à transição de papéis; e Classe 3 – (Des)Continuidade do cuidado após a alta hospitalar. Considerações finais: pôde-se apreender que as vivências foram permeadas por fatores inibidores, de modo que os significados atribuídos a essa experiência se associaram às dificuldades com a transição para o papel de cuidador. O enfermeiro desempenhou papel de facilitador no processo de transição situacional, ao acompanhá-los, orientá-los e capacitá-los para o desenvolvimento de novas habilidades. Objetivo: apreender as vivências de cuidadores informais de pessoas dependentes no processo de transição de papéis após a desospitalização. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, realizado com cuidadores informais de pessoas dependentes que participaram de um protocolo de instrumentalização para alta. A coleta de dados ocorreu com 10 participantes da região sul do país, entre julho e agosto de 2021, por meio de entrevistas conduzidas no domicílio. Para a organização dos dados, utilizou-se o software IRAMUTEQ®. A análise se ancorou na Teoria das Transições. Resultados: os resultados abordaram o processo de transição situacional de cuidadores informais, emergindo três classes finais: Classe 1 - Dificuldades no cotidiano de cuidados com a pessoa dependente; Classe 2 – Significados atribuídos à transição de papéis; e Classe 3 – (Des)Continuidade do cuidado após a alta hospitalar. Considerações finais: pôde-se apreender que as vivências foram permeadas por fatores inibidores, de modo que os significados atribuídos a essa experiência se associaram às dificuldades com a transição para o papel de cuidador. O enfermeiro desempenhou papel de facilitador no processo de transição situacional, ao acompanhá-los, orientá-los e capacitá-los para o desenvolvimento de novas habilidades.
AS RECONFIGURAÇÕES DA INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR BRASILEIRA FRENTE A UMA GOVERNAMENTALIDADE CONSERVADORA-FASCISTA
Authors: Santos Nadine Silva dos , Lockmann Kamila
Published: February 2023

Este artigo é fruto de um estudo que analisou a constituição histórica da inclusão escolar, a partir da análise documental de algumas políticas educacionais inclusivas datadas da década de 1990 ao ano de 2020. Foi observado, que ao longo do tempo, alguns processos de individualização têm conduzido a escolarização das pessoas com deficiência, sendo eles: 1. Processo de individualização institucional por separação; 2. Processo de individualização por complementação e suplementação; 3. Processo de individualização por identificação e classificação dos sujeitos e 3. Reconfiguração política do processo de individualização institucional por separação. No decorrer da pesquisa, tais processos aparecem interligados às relações de poder presentes em cada período histórico, demonstrando que não são estanques e nem substituídos uns pelos outros. Frente a tal discussão, apresenta-se a constituição da inclusão escolar dividida em dois momentos políticos: Primeiro, enquanto um imperativo de Estado, mantido até aproximadamente o ano de 2016, pelo funcionamento de uma governamentalidade neoliberal democrática, agenciada no desejo de incluir a todas as pessoas. Segundo, reconfigurada por estratégias políticas movimentadas pelo funcionamento de uma governamentalidade neoliberal conservadora-fascista no atual cenário brasileiro, momento em que a exclusão de diversos grupos de pessoas passa a ser fortalecida e naturalizada.
ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES
Authors: McGrath Willcutt , Alhussain Reem Ali
Published: February 2023

The study evaluates the extent of online teaching among instructors at the selected universities in the Philippines. The study utilized 120 faculty members from the private and state universities in the Philippines. Participants of this study were classified according to gender, type of residence, number of years in teaching, highest educational attainment, and department. The researchers used quantitative and qualitative research designs. The quantitative research design utilized a Likert -type data instrument and statistical tools used were mean, t-test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study was submitted and evaluated for its contents by the experts in the qualitative method. Moreover, qualitative data and information will be gathered through the interview to be conducted by the researchers themselves. The qualitative design process was guided by the qualitative and qualitative experts and was based on a qualitative framework by Creswell (2012). Results revealed that online teaching using JEL was "very high." The challenges derived from the qualitative views and statements experienced by the respondents were the following: (1) interrupted and unstable signal, (2) technical issues in the middle of using, (3) unpreparedness of the respondents as they shared that they need more training and hands-on, and (4) frequent maintenance of JEL
Pânico na Academia! Inteligência Artificial na Construção de Textos Científicos Com o Uso do ChatGPT
Authors: Farias Salomão Alencar de
Published: February 2023

A inteligência artificial (IA) por meio do ChatGPT ganhou os noticiários nas últimas semanas. O meio acadêmico gerou ruido com as consequências negativas do uso dessa ferramenta na construção de artigos científicos, dissertações e teses. Aqui fizemos uso desta ferramenta elaborando um texto sobre o papel do marketing em tempos de ataques a democracia no Brasil. O ChatGPT faz com que questões éticas, de inovação e autoria sejam questionadas. Como será o futuro da escrita acadêmica. Estamos diante de um aliado ou de um inimigo?
Acute diseases
Authors: El-Gilany Abdel-Hady , Abou-ElWafa Hala
Published: February 2023

Many underdeveloped countries still struggle with the public health issue of acute illnesses, especially with the emergence of injuries as a major category of acute diseases. Control of the acute disease is challenging particularly when it occurs as an outbreak, either in isolation or as part of a wider epidemic. This narrative review summarizes the definition, epidemiologic transition, pattern and modes of spread, classification, epidemiologic measures, community burden, prevention, control, and future challenges of acute disease. This review is to provide a reference for epidemiologists, clinicians, researchers, and policymakers.
The Dark Areas of Esophagus
Authors: Afroz Tameem , Radha Sistla , Reddy B. Sivananda , Amaan Mohammed Umar
Published: February 2023

Esophageal melanocytosis characterized by melanocytic proliferation in the epithelium of esophagus is extremely rare disease. Aberrant migration of melanocytes during embryogenesis occurs in a small number of cases. Hence, the occurrence of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions is now known entities in esophagus. Melanocytosis is a benign entity and is very rare with an incidence of 0.07%–2.1%. The etiology of these lesions is not known. Endoscopic, histologic, and staining characteristics of two lesions are described. These cases were diagnosed from 450 endoscopic biopsies studied over a period of 10 months.
Reversible Brain Death
Authors: Patra Ankusha , Goel Vrinda , Narang Shiva , Aggarwal Amitesh
Published: February 2023

Snakebite is a serious public health problem and one of the priorities in WHO's list of neglected tropical diseases. It significantly increases morbidity and mortality associated with envenomation in India. A neurotoxic snakebite can present in the form of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic presentation, ptosis, and complete external and internal ophthalmoplegia to complete respiratory failure. This is a case report of a 22-year-old male, who presented with bilateral ptosis and impending respiratory failure. He soon became deeply comatose, with absent brain stem reflexes (mute plantar, fixed pupils, and the absence of the doll's eye reflex) which were suggestive of brain death. He was treated with polyvalent anti-snake venom, anticholinesterases, and supportive therapy and recovered completely with an excellent outcome.
A Case Report of Severe Scoliosis in a Boy with Goldenhar Syndrome
Authors: Bharath H. D. , Krishnakumar R.
Published: February 2023

Goldenhar syndrome is a condition comprising various congenital anomalies of structures developing from the first and second branchial arches. Classically, it includes impaired development of structures such as eyes, ears, lips, tongue, palate, mandible, maxilla, and vertebral anomalies. The etiology for this syndrome is not clear; however, genetic and many other causes have been described for the development of the abovementioned anomalies. A 13-year-old boy presented with deformity of the back since birth, which is gradually progressing, now causing difficulty in breathing on exertion. Parents give a history of anomalies of the eyes, ear, face, and deformities of the neck and chest since birth. X-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed severe congenital scoliosis with multiple vertebral and rib anomalies with no intraspinal anomalies or spinal cord malformations. Posterior scoliosis correction and fusion with convex side costoplasty were performed after a detailed preoperative workup in view of syndromic etiology. Postoperatively, the boy was stable and the check X-ray showed satisfactory deformity correction. Severe scoliosis with Goldenhar syndrome always throws a challenge to treating spine surgeons as they are associated with multiple other regional and systemic abnormalities. A detailed examination, preoperative clinical and radiological workup, and proper planning are very much essential in treating these deformities.
Determination of Role of Type 16 Human Papillomavirus and Risk Factors in Assessing Oropharyngeal Cancer Survival
Authors: Bhasin Meenakshi , Singh Harkanwal Preet , Singh Padam , Dhingra Rachna , Kohli Saniya Arora , Azad Anurag
Published: February 2023

Background:

It is ascertained that the survival rate of patients infected with type 16 human papillomavirus (HPV16) positive is better as compared to those infected with HPV16 negative. The present study was conducted to determine rgw role of HPV16 and risk factors in assessing oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) death.

Methodology:

A total of 102 clinically and histologically proven cases of oral pharyngeal cancer were included. Seropositivity for HPV16 E6 as a marker of HPV16-positive cancer was estimated.

Results:

Out of 102 patients, there were 70 males and 32 females. Significant risk factors associated with OPC survival overall in the univariate analysis was female sex (hazard ratio [HR] 0.54, 95% confidence level [CL]: 0.36–80), alcohol use >2 drinks/day (HR 1.54, 95% CL: 1.12–2.08), smoking >10 pack-years (HR 2.20, 95% CL: 1.42–3.58), moderate dental (HR 1.54, 95% CL: 1.02–2.32), underweight (HR 2.24, 95% CL: 1.34–3.60), and Stage IV cancer (HR 2.82, 95% CL: 1.76–4.40). There was significant low risk for death among HPV16 positive (HR 0.48, 95% CL: 0.32–0.70).

Conclusion:

HPV16 status is an independent prognostic factor for OPC deaths. The common risk factors were female gender, moderate oral care, underweight body mass index, excessive alcohol, and smoking tobacco.
Root Resorption of Endodontically Treated Teeth Following Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Khan Rehan Ahmad , Kumar Saurav , Hassan Nadira , Anand Bharti , Mazhar Sabika , Anjan Ravi
Published: February 2023

Background:

Root resorption is an unwanted phenomenon occurring in a substantial population proportion these days. Hence, the current study was conducted to evaluate root resorption in endodontically treated teeth following fixed orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 patients were enrolled. Only those patients were enrolled that were scheduled to undergo fixed orthodontic therapy. Pretreatment examination was done in all the patients, and their radiographs were obtained. Both orthopantomograms and peri-apical radiographs were taken. All the patients were recalled on follow-up, and radiographic examination was again carried out. Pretreatment radiographs and follow-up radiographs were compared. The incidence of root resorption was documented. The data were entered in an Excel sheet (Microsoft office version 2007) and analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 20.

Results:

Root resorption was present in 30 patients. Among these 30 patients, 20 were male, whereas 10 were female. In 19 patients, root resorption was present in the maxillary arch, whereas in 11 patients, it was seen in the mandibular arch. The most common tooth involved with root resorption was premolars, followed by anteriors and molars.

Conclusion:

The risk of root resorption is higher in endodontically treated teeth under the influence of orthodontic forces.
Comparison of the Efficiency and Treatment Outcome of Patients Treated with Corticotomy-Assisted En masse Orthodontic Retraction with the En masse Retraction without Corticotomy
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Kumar Saurav , Hassan Nadira , Mazhar Sabika , Anjan Ravi , Anand Bharti
Published: February 2023

Background:

Corticotomy in fixed orthodontic treatment gives a potential approach to reduce the treatment duration. Typically, this duration of rapid tooth movement lasts 4–6 months.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the treatment outcome and effectiveness in en masse retraction with and without corticotomy.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-two patients (male 16 and female 16) who opted to undergo surgery to reduce the orthodontic treatment time were chosen for the research, and the group consisted of 26 patients (male 13 and female 13) who did not opt for the corticotomy procedure were selected as the control. There was no blindness of the party distribution. It was focused on the patient's ability to opt for an additional minor surgical procedure that may affect orthodontic treatment length. The operation was conducted under local anesthesia (Lignox 2%). The same maxillofacial surgeon performed all the surgical operations.

Results:

The space present in the maxillary and mandibular arch at the time of retraction had no statistically significant difference in both the control and study groups (P > 0.05). In comparison, the mean amount of retraction space in the maxillary arch and maxillary arch was significant in the control and study groups at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 4 months of the time interval.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that corticotomy-assisted retraction significantly decreases the total length of orthodontic care. Effectively stationary anchorage segment was made, thereby removing the need for other anchorage boosters, instrumental in maximum anchorage cases using corticotomy technique.
A Comparative Assessment of the Effect of Professional Oral Hygiene Measures on the Periodontal Health of Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Appliance Therapy
Authors: Kumar Saurav , Kumar Shubham , Hassan Nadira , Anjan Ravi , Shaikh Sana , Bhowmick Devleena
Published: February 2023

Background:

Fixed orthodontic treatment provides good alignment and improves the maxilla-mandibular and dentoalveolar function. The present study was conducted to evaluate fixed orthodontic patients' periodontal condition with professional oral hygiene measures.

Materials and Methods:

One-hundred and twenty patients undergoing fixed orthodontics were included in the study, divided with 60 patients in the control group (Group I) and the other 60 in the experimental group (Group II). Periodontal indices were compared.

Results:

In Group I, there were 40 females and 20 males, and in Group II, there were 35 females and 25 males. The mean gingival index was 0.62 and 1.14, plaque index was 0.94 and 1.38, and pocket depth was 1.50 and 1.68 at T0 and T1 in Group I, respectively. The mean gingival index was 0.80 and 1.14, plaque index was 1.2 and 0.81, and pocket depth was 1.31 and 1.57 at T0 and T1 in Group II, respectively.

Conclusion:

For patients undertaking orthodontic fixed appliance therapy, professional oral hygiene measures can significantly improve periodontal health.
Assessment of Perceived Competency of Interns toward Dental Practice
Authors: Yadav Ravi Shankar , Sharma Rohit , Singh Neha , Meeta  , Singh Chintu Kumar , Ganti Srinivas
Published: February 2023

Background:

Many academic institutions have been cheering lecturers to execute flipped learning methodologies. The present study determined perceived competency of dental interns toward dental practice among various dental colleges.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 138 interns of dental college were provided with self-administered questionnaire with close-ended questions. All were instructed to read it and submit it.

Results:

Out of 138 subjects, there were 78 males and 60 females. The mean value for general patient management was 3.12 and 3.0 in males and females, periodontology and dental public health was 2.54 and 2.65, conservative dentistry was 2.70 and 2.82, oral rehabilitation was 2.32 and 2.30, orthodontics was 2.10 and 2.28, management of children and special needs patients was 2.52 and 2.64, oral and maxillofacial surgery was 2.49 and 2.42, and drug and emergency management was 2.62 and 2.60, respectively.

Conclusion:

Dental interns were well prepared toward dental practice.
An Intraosseous Giant Cell Granuloma
Authors: Pavan V.Ravi , Subramani Vijayanirmala , Pandian S.Senthoor , Giri G.V.V.
Published: February 2023

The giant cell granuloma is an identical reactive lesion which is mostly progressive in nature. The clinical behavior of these lesions varies from indolent to aggressive variant. The central form of giant cell granuloma involves the craniofacial bone, followed by long bones of hands and feet. These lesions are usually asymptomatic lesions and are discovered incidentally during routine radiographic examination. Radiograph features reveal multilocular jaw lesions, generally anterior to the first molar regions. Histologically, the lesion shows proliferating spindle-shaped stromal cells in a fibrovascular connective tissue stroma, which characteristically contains multiple multinucleated giant cells. Hemorrhage and hemosiderin pigmentations are often seen in tumor. Central giant cell granuloma is often confused with giant cell tumor of bone histologically. Here, we report a young male who was found to have large central giant cell granuloma in the anterior part of the mandible. The surgical treatment approach of central giant cell granuloma is discussed in this article.
To Evaluate the Role of Positron Emission Tomography-Computerized Tomography in Initial Staging of Carcinoma Breast
Authors: Kansal Anju , Jaswal Gaurav , Garg Shreya , Kang Manraj Singh , Yadav Hanuman Prasad , Banipal Raja Paramjeet Singh , Garg Pardeep , Kaur Taranjeet
Published: February 2023

Background:

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in urban and second common in rural Indian women. In India, in spite of the best treatment available being given to the patients they lose their lives because of paucity of diagnostic aids and lack of an organized breast cancer screening program. Early detection, accurate staging, and initiation of appropriate therapy are the key factors for improving the treatment outcome and prognosis of the disease for the patients. Traditional staging methods include clinical examination, blood tests, chest X-ray, ultrasound of the abdomen, and/or skeletal survey. As these tests lack sensitivity and specificity, these are being scaled down. The hybrid positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) is a unique tool in the field of imaging modalities that combines the effectiveness of PET and CT. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and accuracy of PET-CT as a single-session staging modality in the very initial stage itself and if it can replace the conventional means of staging.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Radiotherapy department at GGS Medical College and Hospital Faridkot from March 2014 to October 2015. 52 patients with newly diagnosed and histopathologically proven carcinoma breast were staged by conventional modalities (clinical examination, blood tests, X-ray chest, mammography, ultrasonography abdomen, skeletal survey) and by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F FDG) PET/CT. PET-CT images were used for the detection, localization, staging of tumors and detection, evaluation, and diagnosis of metastatic lesions, disease burden and organ function along with treatment planning and planning therapeutic procedures. Following the completion of initial study, the results of 18F FDG PET-CT staging in comparison with conventional staging method were assessed. Along with this, the accuracy, changes in staging of cases of carcinoma breast and cost-effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET-CT were also studied.

Results:

All the pathologic entities identified by conventional imaging were also perceived with 18F-FDG PET/CT. Therefore, we recommend the use of PET/CT as an important imaging modality for initial diagnosis of carcinoma breast.
Evaluation of Macular Thickness, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell Layer Thickness in Patients among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Ezhilvendhan Kalaimamani , Shenoy Arjun , Rajeshkannan R. , Balachandrachari SaravanaBhava , Sathiyamoorthy Anitha
Published: February 2023

Background:

Vascular abnormalities and microvasculopathy are one of the widely accepted factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Retinal Neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration are also important components in the pathogenesis of DR. However recent investigations show neurodegenerative alterations before the appearance of microvascular changes in patients having DR.

Aims and Objectives:

(1) To measure the macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell complex thickness among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using optical coherence tomography. (2) To compare the macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion cell complex thickness in type 2 diabetic patients with and without DR with normal controls using optical coherence tomography.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without DR, 30 having mild and moderate DR and 30 healthy normals are taken considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) thickness was measured in each individual and it was compared using one way ANOVA test, post hoc test and Pearson correlation was performed to evaluate the linear correlation between variables and calculated P < 0.05 was regarded as its significance.

Results:

The average RNFL thickness was 90.27 ± 5.57 and 107.7 ± 5.32 um in diabetic patients and controls respectively (P < 0.001). Furthermore, for two different groups of diabetic patients, the average RNFL thickness was 89.92 ± 6.62 um in the no DR group and 78.6 ± 3.93 in the DR group (P = 0.339). The average GCL-IPL thickness was 82.65 ± 2.25 um and 92.10 ± 2.41 um in diabetic patients and controls, respectively (P < 0.001). Furthermore, for two different groups of diabetic patients, the average GCL-IPL thickness was 82.22 ± 2.11 um in the no DR group and 71.55 ± 2.34 in the DR group (P = 0.535). The average macular thickness was 238.03 ± 4.42 and 277.9 ± 5.85 um in diabetic patients and controls, respectively (P < 0.001). Furthermore, for two different groups of diabetic patients, the average macular thickness was 236.56 ± 4.10 um in the no DR group and 242.8 ± 4.95 um in the DR group (P = 0.585).

Conclusion:

There was a statistically significant reduction of mean RNFL, GCL-IPL and macular thickness in type 2 diabetic patients with no DR compared with a homogenous control group indicating neuroretinal changes occur before vascular changes of DR.
Effect of Novel Cycloaliphatic Comonomer Incorporation on the Color Stability of Thermo-polymerized Denture Base Resin
Authors: Ajay Ranganathan , Navinbharathy Mohan , Krishnaraj Ranganathan , Rajaganeshan Venkatraman Shanmugam , Srikanth Muthupettai Varadharajan , Suma Karthigeyan
Published: February 2023

Background:

Denture during its in vivo service encounters myriad food pigments and numerous physico-mechanical dynamic changes. Denture discoloration is one of the unresolved problems that should be unraveled to satisfy the esthetic demands of the patients.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the color stability of a novel denture base copolymer with 10% and 20% (vol/vol) concentration of cycloaliphatic comonomer.

Materials and Methods:

Control group (G0) comprises specimens made without cycloaliphatic comonomer. The specimens of trial groups G10 and G20 were fabricated with 10% and 20% cycloaliphatic comonomer, respectively. For each group, thirty specimens (n = 30) were made. The specimens (n = 10) were immersed in three food colorant solutions (erythrosine, tartrazine, sunset yellow) for 56 days after artificial thermal aging. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was employed to measure the tristimulus values and calculate the color change (ΔE) of the specimens prior to and following rapid thermal aging or immersion of the specimens in the food colorants.

Results:

G0 showed the highest ΔE and G20 exhibited the least with each colorant. G10 had an intermediate imperceptible ΔE with each colorant. Also, significant differences (P = .000) existed between the food colorants within each group. The highest ΔE value was observed with sunset yellow and the lowest ΔE with tartrazine with each group.

Conclusion:

The addition of cycloaliphatic comonomer in denture base acrylic resins improved the color stability. The new copolymer with 20 Vol.% comonomer exhibited the highest color stability with all the food colorants.
Novel Approach to the Clinical Management of Completely Edentulous Hepatitis B Carrier Patient
Authors: Priya J. Dhivya , Daisy A. Angeline , Devi M. Karthika , Raahini C.
Published: February 2023

Incidence of infections is more common in the dental practice. In this article, we describe a novel approach to the clinical management of a completely edentulous patient who is in hepatitis B carrier state including infection control protocol for all clinical and laboratory steps. Furthermore, a novel method of incorporating patient's medical history in the form of a QR code in the processed denture is also described.