bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method for evaluating the impact of universal design on the attractiveness of military tourism sites
Authors: Podciborski Tomasz , Klimach Anna , Konieczny Dariusz , Zabielski Jacek
Published: June 2023

Motives: The interest in military tourism has been increasing steadily around the world, especially among tourists interested in military history. Given the lack of methods and studies examining the impact of universal design on the attractiveness of public open spaces in military tourism sites, an innovative method should be developed to diagnose the accessibility of such sites for all social groups within the realm of the possibilities offered by universal design.
Aim: The main aim of the study was to propose a method for assessing the impact of universal design on the attractiveness of public open spaces on the example of the Wolf’s Lair, a popular a military tourism site in Poland. The specific objectives were to describe the origins of tourism, with special emphasis on military tourism, and to present the unique characteristics of public space design. Public space attributes that contribute to effective design of tourist space were identified based on the results of a questionnaire survey. Indicators and measures for assessing the identified attributes were developed and presented, and the principles for their implementation were described.
Results: The analyses carried out in the study revealed that the assessed site has considerable appeal for tourists, especially those interested in military history. Based on the results of the assessment conducted with the use of the proposed method, it can be concluded that the examined site is characterised by a high level of tourist attractiveness. The presented findings constitute valuable information for the management of the Wolf’s Lair (State Forests).
Assessment of plasma soluble Tie-2 level to distinguish moyamoya disease from atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease and predict postoperative neovascularization
Authors: Chen Tongyu , Wei Wei , Zhang Jianjian , Yu Jin , Xu Shuangxiang , Wu Du , Li Xiang , Chen Jincao
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease and features the formation of hazy collateral vessels at the base of the brain. Angiopoietin (Ang)–1 and -2, their receptor Tie-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that regulate angiogenesis might be important in MMD pathophysiology and postoperative collateral formation. The goal of this study was to determine whether levels of these angiogenic factors could predict collateralization in patients with MMD.

METHODS

A total of 196 patients with MMD and 57 with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease serving as controls were enrolled. Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie-2, and VEGF mRNA levels were analyzed in middle cerebral artery (MCA) arterial wall specimens by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MCA and peripheral plasma concentrations of Ang-1, Ang-2, soluble Tie-2 (sTie-2), and VEGF were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cerebral arteriography was performed 6 months after bypass surgery to assess the postoperative collateralization.

RESULTS

In MCA specimens, patients with MMD exhibited higher expression levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 but lowered VEGF expression. The patients with MMD had significantly higher concentrations of Ang-1 and Ang-2 but lower levels of VEGF in MCA plasma. Peripheral plasma concentrations of these growth factors were not changed. MCA and peripheral plasma sTie-2 levels were both reduced in patients with MMD. The 6-month follow-up showed that patients with good collateral formation had lower sTie-2 levels in both MCA and peripheral plasma. Furthermore, the Suzuki stage and peripheral plasma sTie-2 level were significantly correlated with good postoperative collateral formation on multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie-2, and VEGF are involved in MMD pathogenesis. The peripheral plasma level of sTie-2 can differentiate MMD from atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease and serve as a novel biomarker to predict postoperative collateral formation.
Custom shaping of distal access catheter for navigation of microcatheter into inferolateral and meningohypophyseal trunk feeders
Authors: Hirano Yudai , Shojima Masaaki , Uno Takeshi , Koizumi Satoshi , Oyama Yuta , Indo Masahiro , Saito Akira , Oya Soichi , Saito Nobuhito , Shin Masahiro
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Navigating a microcatheter to tiny feeding arteries such as the inferolateral trunk (ILT) and meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is technically challenging because of the anatomical features of steep angulation, small diameter, and significant caliber difference from the ICA. To guide the microcatheter to these ICA side branch feeders, the authors thought that a custom shaping of the intermediate catheter would be helpful to determine the direction of the microcatheter and strongly back it up. The aim of this study was to report the detailed methodology and clinical outcomes of patients who had undergone the embolization of ILT and MHT feeders using this method.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients with intracranial tumors and dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) who had undergone endovascular embolization. The details of the embolization procedures were examined, especially the technique of guiding a low-profile microcatheter supported by the thermoformed intermediate catheter. The authors assessed the patient background, procedural outcomes, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS

Between October 2013 and June 2022, 43 patients with intracranial tumors and 45 with DAVFs underwent embolization at the authors’ institutions. Among these cases, embolization of the ICA side branch feeder was attempted in 10 intracranial tumors and 2 DAVFs. Of these 12 patients, the microcatheter was guided deep enough for successful embolization in 11 cases (92%). Two asymptomatic arteriovenous fistulas were complicated during guidewire manipulation deep in the feeder. Yet, both disappeared completely after glue injection into the feeding artery. No spasm or dissection of the parent artery occurred during the procedure. Postoperative radiological evaluation showed no intracranial hematoma or symptomatic cerebral infarction. One patient (9%) developed permanent postoperative cranial neuropathy that gradually improved after embolization.

CONCLUSIONS

This study revealed that custom shaping of distal access catheters is an effective technique that enabled the embolization of ILT and MHT feeders with a success rate of more than 90%.
Predicting disease progression and the need for tumor-directed treatment in tectal plate gliomas
Authors: Bauman Megan M. J. , Giesken Max B. , Naylor Ryan M. , Keating Gesina F. , Schwartz Jonathan D. , Daniels David J.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Tectal plate gliomas are rare, slow-growing tumors of the midbrain that are discovered predominantly in the pediatric population. Because of their indolent nature, treatment mainly consists of observation and management of hydrocephalus. Unfortunately, a subset of tectal gliomas may exhibit tumor enlargement and disease progression. Currently, there are no established guidelines for predicting future progression of tectal gliomas or the need for tumor-directed treatment. In this paper, the authors present a large case series of tectal plate gliomas with the aim of determining early indicators of tumor progression and the need for tumor-directed treatment in a pediatric population, along with providing their experience in treating progressive tumors.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review of 170 patients diagnosed with tectal plate glioma from a single institution, of whom 67 were pediatric patients (≤ 18 years of age), was performed. Univariate analysis was used to determine statistically significant predictors of symptomatic disease progression requiring eventual tumor-directed therapy.

RESULTS

The median patient age of the full cohort was 24 years (range 0–73 years). Compared with the pediatric population, the adult population had more instances of incidental lesions (p < 0.001) and lower rates of hydrocephalus (50% vs 84%, p < 0.001). Of the pediatric patients who had ≥ 5 years of follow-up (n = 51), 12 (24%) experienced radiological progression and 13 (25%) required treatment for their tumor. The 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year radiographic progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 98%, 90%, and 86%, respectively. In univariate analysis, lesion involvement of the pons, moderate T1 hypointensity, and moderate contrast enhancement on baseline radiology were significantly associated with worse radiographic PFS. Alternatively, significant predictors of requiring tumor-directed treatment included extraocular eye movement abnormalities at presentation, involvement of the lesion beyond the tectum on baseline radiology, moderate T1 hypointensity, moderate contrast enhancement, and an increase in total lesion size during progression. At the most recent follow-up, 94% of the patients had stable/nonprogressive disease, 2% had progressive disease, and 4% died of tumor progression.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who demonstrate radiographic progression may not necessarily experience clinical/symptomatic progression or require tumor-directed treatment. Certain patient presentation characteristics and baseline radiographic features may be predictive of worse radiographic PFS or the need for future tumor-directed treatment in the pediatric population. Typically, the natural history of these lesions lends to excellent long-term survival, even in patients who experience clinical progression, should appropriate treatment be initiated.
Treatment of pediatric trigeminal neuralgia with microvascular decompression: a case series and systematic review
Authors: Grossen Audrey A. , Iser Courtney R. , Leming Amy B. , Desai Virendra R. , Chrusciel Deepti G.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare disorder, affecting 4–13 per 100,000 people annually. Only 1%–1.5% of these cases are reported before the age of 18 years. The initial management of pediatric TN is based on symptomatic treatment, using first-line medications including carbamazepine, based on data from adult treatment studies. Many of these children are refractory to medication and undergo excessive workup and ineffective therapies before neurosurgical referral. The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of literature-reported pediatric-onset TN, analyzing demographics, diagnostic practices, and complications in this population.

METHODS

An institutional, retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients younger than 18 years old who were diagnosed with classic TN and referred for surgical evaluation at Oklahoma Children’s Hospital (OCH). A systematic review of all pediatric patients undergoing microvascular decompression (MVD) for pediatric-onset TN was also performed.

RESULTS

Three patients from OCH were identified, ranging in age from 3 to 11 years. All 3 patients had received multiple ineffective medical therapies before referral for neurosurgical evaluation. In 2 cases, imaging demonstrated potential vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve. In the final case, imaging demonstrated no vascular compression, but compression was found at the time of MVD. All cases were successfully treated using MVD. The literature review identified 49 cases of pediatric TN treated using MVD. All 49 cases were identified as classic TN with neurovascular compression demonstrated either on imaging or found at the time of surgery. The average age at symptom onset was 11.72 years, while the average age at MVD was 19.6 years. The average duration of symptoms before undergoing MVD was 8.2 years. There was a female predominance in the literature review, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.88:1. The right side was involved in 56% of cases, the left side in 40%, and bilateral involvement occurred in 4% of cases. The most common distribution of TN was both V2/3 branches (38%) of the trigeminal nerve, followed by solely the V2 branch (22%). A successful outcome (Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity score of I or II) was reported in 79% of patients at the last follow-up (mean 69.1 months).

CONCLUSIONS

There are currently no guidelines for diagnosing or treating pediatric TN. MVD is a safe and effective option in this patient population. Early evaluation for surgical intervention could be critical for early pain relief and reduced disease morbidity.
Multicenter comparison of head shape outcomes for three minimally invasive strip craniectomy techniques for sagittal craniosynostosis
Authors: Rizvi Imran , Hallac Rami R. , Geisler Emily L. , Perez Jeyna K. , Ainuz Bar Y. , Pressler Mark P. , Jackson Sarah A. , Skolnick Gary B. , Smyth Matthew D. , Seaward James R. , Derderian Christopher A. , David Lisa R. , Runyan Christopher M. , Patel Kamlesh B. , Kane Alex A.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

A literature gap exists comparing whole head shape outcome following correction of sagittal craniosynostosis. The objective of this multicenter study was to provide an analysis of long-term results following three different endoscopic strip craniectomy techniques for correction of sagittal craniosynostosis: 1) spring-assisted strip craniectomy, 2) wide-strip craniectomy with biparietal and bitemporal barrel-stave wedge osteotomies plus helmet orthosis, and 3) narrow-strip craniectomy plus orthosis without barrel staves.

METHODS

Pre- and postoperative 3D stereophotogrammetric images were collected from patients who underwent craniosynostosis surgery. Procedures were divided among institutions as follows: spring-assisted strip craniectomies were performed at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Hospital; narrow-strip craniectomies were performed at St. Louis Children’s Hospital by one craniofacial surgeon; and wide-vertex craniectomies were performed at St. Louis Children’s Hospital prior to 2010, and then continued at Children’s Medical Center Dallas. Pre- and postoperative 3D whole-head composite images were generated for each procedure to visually represent outcomes at final follow-up and compared with age-matched normal controls.

RESULTS

Patients in the spring-assisted strip craniectomy group showed normalization of frontal bossing and skull height compared with age-matched controls, whereas patients undergoing wide-strip craniectomy showed greater correction of occipital protrusion. Patients in the narrow-strip craniectomy cohort had intermediate results between these outcomes. Nested aggregate head shapes showed good correction of head shapes from all techniques.

CONCLUSIONS

This large, retrospective, multicenter study illustrated whole head shape outcomes from three different craniectomy procedures. Although each procedure showed some differences in loci of primary correction, all three surgical methods demonstrated good correction of primary scaphocephalic deformity.
Association of prolonged symptom duration with poor outcomes in lumbar spine surgery: a Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative study
Authors: Hamilton Travis , Bartlett Seamus , Deshpande Nachiket , Hadi Moustafa , Reese Jared C. , Mansour Tarek R. , Telemi Edvin , Springer Kylie , Schultz Lonni , Nerenz David R. , Abdulhak Muwaffak , Soo Teck , Schwalb Jason , Khalil Jad G. , Aleem Ilyas , Easton Richard , Perez-Cruet Miguelangelo , Park Paul , Chang Victor
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

There is a scarcity of large multicenter data on how preoperative lumbar symptom duration relates to postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preoperative and baseline symptom duration on PROs at 90 days, 1 year, and 2 years after lumbar spine surgery.

METHODS

The Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative registry was queried for all lumbar spine operations between January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, with a follow-up of 2 years. Patients were stratified into three subgroups based on symptom duration: < 3 months, 3 months to < 1 year, and ≥ 1 year. The primary outcomes were reaching the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the PROs (i.e., leg pain, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS PF), EQ-5D, North American Spine Society satisfaction, and return to work). The EQ-5D score was also analyzed as a continuous variable to calculate quality-adjusted life years. Multivariable Poisson generalized estimating equation models were used to report adjusted risk ratios, with the < 3-month cohort used as the reference.

RESULTS

There were 37,223 patients (4670 with < 3-month duration, 9356 with 3-month to < 1-year duration, and 23,197 with ≥ 1-year duration) available for analysis. Compared with patients with a symptom duration of < 1 year, patients with a symptom duration of ≥ 1 year were significantly less likely to achieve an MCID in PROMIS PF, EQ-5D, back pain relief, and leg pain relief at 90 days, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. Similar trends were observed for patient satisfaction and return to work. With the EQ-5D score as a continuous variable, a symptom duration of ≥ 1 year was associated with 0.04, 0.05, and 0.03 (p < 0.001) decreases in EQ-5D score at 90 days, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

A symptom duration of ≥ 1 year was associated with poorer outcomes on several outcome metrics. This suggests that timely referral and surgery for degenerative lumbar pathology may optimize patient outcome.
Towards Franz Boas’s linguistic views
Authors: Kuznetsov Igor
Published: June 2023

Franz Boas (1858–1942) is recognized as the founding father not only in modern anthropology (cultural, biological), but also in anthropological linguistics. Starting with geographical and physical studies at several German universities, he later got insterested in the culture and languages of the indigenous peoples of North America. Boas was particularly interested in the role of apperception in language acquisition. Eventually, he transferred the results of his observations on language perception to the wide field of culture, developing the notion of acculturation analogical to apperception. Already the early Boas’s publications contain the origins of the idea of linguistic relativity, which later will be formulated in the shape of the so-called “Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis”. Extremely interesting and original was Boas’s attitude to the concept of phoneme, which was formed precisely during the years of creative activity and the most striking achievements of Boas’s school. Finally, the peculiarities of the fieldwork style of this American scholar, as well as his “analytism” in work on the grammars of Native American languages, certainly influenced the development of descriptive linguistics in general.
Russian colloquial complement clauses with čto: Quotative use and other special properties
Authors: Letuchiy Alexander B.
Published: June 2023

The article addresses Russian colloquial constructions with the complemtizer čto, such as Ty skaži, čto ja že ne znal ‘Say that you didn’t know it (lit. ‘that “I didn’t know that”’) or On načal izvinjat’sja, čto on ne xotel ‘He began to apologize that he didn’t mean that’. These constructions are mainly described in respect of person: namely, of indexical shift, meaning that person is marked as in direct, rather than indirect speech. However, it turns out that other features also make this construction special: the two of them we describe here are possibility of interrogative and imperative constructions in the embedded clause and extended use of embedded clauses with the semantic role of content with verbs like otkazyvat’sja ‘refuse’ or izvinjat’sja ‘apologize’, which normally do not take this type of complement clauses. All these features are parts of the same process: re-analysis of the complementizer as a sort of a citation marker. At the same time, the three features do not necessarily correlate with each other: some uses are characterized with only one or two colloquial features. The data also show that some properties of constructions under analysis make them similar to unmarked complementation: both types of constructions do not behave as canonical complex sentences, and the second part does not show all properties of embedded clauses. In this sense, both the colloquial constructions with čto and unmarked complement clauses allow to unite two clauses, the second part not being signifi cantly demoted in syntactic status.
Indefi niteness in Russian expressions like Oni brali vsë, čto najdut
Authors: Bernitskaïa Natalia
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this work is to study the elements of indefiniteness in Russian complex sentences like Oni brali vsë, čto najdut ‘They took everything they could find’ (lit. ‘…everything they will find’). On the one hand, we are trying to give an accurate idea of the characteristics of the referent which is relativized, and, on the other hand, we are studying the role of the perfective future tense in the expression of indefiniteness. It turns out that the perfective future expresses a special type of iterativity, which we call aleatoric iterativity; the perfective future is only used in distributive situations and is always associated with a variable referent. In addition, this use of the perfective future, like many non-futural uses of this form, bears a modal meaning. The article also defends the hypothesis that the category of indefiniteness is gradual. Formal indicators of the degree of indefiniteness are the correlate to in the main clause and the particle ni before the perfective future-tense verb in the realtive clause.
Delimiting the class of derived prepositions in Russian: Grammatical and semantic features of isključaja ‘excluding’ and vključaja, sčitaja ‘including’
Authors: Uryson Elena
Published: June 2023

The object of the article are Russian forms isključaja ‘excluding, except’, and vključaja, sčitaja, both meaning ‘including’, which are traditionally classified as derived prepositions. I demonstrate that these items have properties of both verbs (more precisely, adverbial participles) and prepositions. Still, it is necessary to attribute each item to a certain part of speech. To solve this problem, I use the principle of economy of linguistic description. I show that the description of the items under discussion is shorter and more adequate if we agree to regard them as adverbial participles (gerunds) used in the function of a preposition. I propose an analytic explication of meaning for each item and, besides that, explain why isključaja does not combine with an existential quantifier.
The role of live material in verification of etymological hypotheses: The case of Russian čepuxa ‘nonsense’
Authors: Berezovich Elena
Published: June 2023

The article discusses the problems of etymologization of words with an expressive (and often derogatory) meaning, using the example of Russian čepuxa ‘nonsense’. The previously existing versions of this word’s origin are analyzed, their vulnerable aspects are noticed. The author develops the unpopular version by A. B. Strakhov, who interpreted the word as a formation with the archaic prefix če- and the root pux-; initially, čepuxa meant, probably, a kind of substance from a multitude of small particles, perceived as insignificant, not valuable (the result of fluttering, gutting, pulling, grinding). Against the background of the etymologization of čepuxa, a group reconstruction of the word family čepux-//čepuš- (functioning mainly in vernacular speech, dialects, jargons) was carried out. It made it possible to explain the meanings in the word family (including those quite distant from the semantics of the etymon — ‘to rain fine’, ‘to fuss’, ‘to have sex’, ‘female buttocks’, etc.), to separate the elements of this word family from heterogeneous homonyms (e.g., words with the root sop-), to reveal the origin of some non-obvious words from the word family pux-//puš- (puška ‘nonsense’). The conclusions of the article demonstrate the need for a close and detailed analysis of the data of non-standard language varieties, to which modern etymology rarely resorts. In addition, the author points out the need to verify some etymological decisions made earlier “on the tip of a pen” with a lack of lexical data and in the absence of corpora that etymologists can now use. The vulnerability of uncritical replication of etymological versions (especially in popular science literature) is shown, in which the authors use unverified material, substitute bare assertion for hypothesizing, etc.
A LEVINASIAN READING OF SHAKESPEARE’S THE WINTER’S TALE AND SARAH KANE’S PHAEDRA’S LOVE
Authors: Aghaei Ali , Hadaegh Bahee
Published: June 2023

This research aims to compare Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale (1623) with Kane’s Phaedra’s Love (1996) from the viewpoint of Levinas and his ideas on the relationship between being and the Other expressed in his pivotal work Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence (1978). The central events of the two plays are analyzed based on the text to flesh out the similarities and differences the two playwrights have with regard to their treatment of the approach of the Other. Of the highest importance in the analysis is how the characters of the plays deal with responsibility for the Other, and also how they react to the wonder of facing the Other. It is concluded that, in Shakespeare’s play, the characters mostly do not carry out their ethical responsibility, and those who do are not treated well; as the play progresses, however, they start to take responsibility for one another which leads to a mostly happy ending. In Kane’s play, by contrast, there is no happy ending because the vast majority of characters do not realize their responsibility, and thus, their wonder at facing the Other turns extremely violent. Additionally, even those characters that come to terms with their responsibility undergo the same gruesome fate as those who do not embody ethical responsibility.
SHADES OF A WOMAN’S TIME: THE CHRONOTOPIC REVISION OF HISTORY IN SELECTED POEMS OF EAVAN BOLAND’S OUTSIDE HISTORY
Authors: Yahya Asghar Ghulam
Published: June 2023

Eavan Boland has been acclaimed as the foremost feminist poet of modern Ireland, and, although she has been accused of resorting to a depoliticized escapist poetry, her poetry stands for a convergence of both the political/national and the feminine in her homeland. Defined and credited as a nation with a mythological history, Ireland has always already been represented through a temporally male perspective. Correspondingly, in the established canon of Irish poetry, time, mostly as a retrospective concept, is a masculine appropriation of history coupled with the archetypal male and female roles, whose spatio-temporal import are to accommodate to the authorized reductionist historiography. Bakhtin’s idea of chronotope is not only an attempt toward the mutual realization of the time/space motif in a literary work, but also the means to the embodiment of a consciousness, an identity. This study attempts to demonstrate how Boland, in a selection of poems from her collection Outside History (1990), specifically, The Achill Woman, The Making of an Irish Goddess, Daphne Heard with Horror the Addresses of God, and the eponymous poem Outside History, introduces a series of chronotopes which assist her in redefining Irish national history with a feminine hue in the guise of herstory. Furthermore, it will be argued that her poetry may well be seen as a venture to replace the authoritative concept of time as mythology and fiction with a real history.
THE ENIGMA OF THE OTHER IN THE EYES OF PSYCHIATRY: MARGINALIZATION IN THE BELL JAR AND ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO’S NEST
Authors: Delbandi Omid , Anoushiravani Alireza , Atashi Laleh
Published: June 2023

The present paper is devoted to the study of the prejudices and biases in psychiatry toward women and different ethnic groups as “the other” in Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and Ken Kesey’s One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Through the application of anti-psychiatric and political notions, this study is conducted to depict how psychiatry as an agent of the power structure succeeds in suppressing “the other’s” inclinations and, on the contrary, to what extent “the other” is successful in confronting the power structure by projecting its proclivities in these two notable American fictions of the 1960s. The results of this study suggest that there is always a suppression/resistance dialectic between the power structure and “the other” in these works of fiction.
SECOND LANGUAGE VOCABULARY ACQUISITION AND LEARNING STRATEGIES
Authors: Ivanovska Biljana , Xhaferi Gzim
Published: June 2023

This review deals with the evaluation of the research study performed as a part of the doctoral thesis at the South East European University (SEEU) in Tetovo, Republic of North Macedonia. This paper aims to give a review of the thesis, which was published as a book, entitled: “Second language vocabulary acquisition and learning strategies. An empirical research with EFL students at the South East European University, Tetovo, Macedonia.” It describes the importance of acquiring English as a second language, especially its vocabulary and learning strategies. This study was designed to find out the perceived use of vocabulary learning strategies — the strategies that the students actually use and their usefulness. This study has practical significance in the field of vocabulary acquisition and provides some new information to both English teachers and students of English in the Republic of North Macedonia and beyond. The results drawn from this research can help learners become more successful in acquiring the vocabulary of the English language. The purpose of this study is to investigate the vocabulary learning strategies used by students at the SEEU, make them aware of the strategies they used to learn new words, and encourage the teachers to think about strategy training and include it in their regular instruction.
ERROR ANALYSIS BY USING THE PREPOSITIVE COMPLEMENT – A STUDY WITH ALBANIAN-SPEAKING GERMAN LEARNERS IN NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Ibishi Arijeta , Xhaferri Gëzim , Ivanovska Biljana
Published: June 2023

The goal of this paper is the contrastive analysis of the prepositions and prepositional supplements of the German and Albanian language. This paper also analyzes and assesses the difficulties of learning a foreign language and the causes of the error frequency in the Albanian native speakers learning German as a foreign language concerning the prepositions and prepositional supplements. It further provides an overview of the problems during the usage of prepositions required by verbs, adjectives and nouns by Albanian learners of the German language. Additionally, there will be an evaluation of the error analysis and the presentation of some methods which provide an easier way to learn the correct usage of the prepositional objects. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to investigate the reasons for the errors, so they can be avoided in the future.
It often happens that foreign language learners unconsciously use a construction from another language when they are in a stressful situation, in which they have not yet mastered this construction in German or they cannot think of the correct form at the moment. However, this does not mean that the construction is necessarily taken from their mother tongue (in our case Albanian). It also happens that learners automatically fall back on another foreign language that they speak better than German. This also applies to the prepositions in prepositional supplements. It often happens that learners use the preposition ‘von’ in German instead the English counterpart ‘from’ or the English preposition ‘to’ instead the German ‘zu’. In their native language, the learners use the correct prepositions because these have already been automated since childhood through extensive influence on the language. In the foreign language, the prepositions still have to be become automatic, although it is quite understandable that the learners unconsciously transfer the prepositions from Albanian or from another foreign language into German. In summary, it takes a lot of patience and practice to master the governed prepositions in prepositional supplements. Further research in the field of the methodology of prepositional objects is urgently needed. There are not enough methodological techniques to make it easier to master the required prepositions.
POST-APOCALYPTIC IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN AYN RAND’S ANTHEM WITH REFERENCE TO CULTURE/NATURE DUALITY
Authors: Poorghorban Younes , Sadjad Bakhtiar
Published: June 2023

The present article endeavors to explicate the process of identity construction in Ayn Rand's post-apocalyptic dystopian novel, Anthem. The utilisation of language and the dissemination of symbolic meanings are significant factors that contribute to the formation of identity, which enchains individuals, transforming them into obedient subjects. Fiske's perspective on identity construction elucidates the interplay between power and resistance, which appears to be absent in this post-apocalyptic work. The imperialising power is predominantly responsible for the mechanism of identity formation in the subjectivity of the characters, as there is no discernible systematic resistance to the dominant representations of power throughout the novel. Despite the absence of the duality of power and resistance, the duality of nature and culture is at play, significantly impacting the way identity is constructed. The imperialising power aims to eradicate or limit representations of nature, as the semantic burden that nature carries poses a threat to its existence. We aim to clarify how the imperialising power responds to the representations and meanings that nature embodies. Lastly, we posit that the imperialising power's reaction towards nature is stronger in post-apocalyptic contexts, where representations of nature are highly restricted, confined only to the "Uncharted Forest."
FOLKTALES FROM SIX CONTINENTS: CULTURAL INFLUENCE AND LIFE SKILL DEVELOPMENT FOR CHILDREN
Authors: Rose J S Cynthiya , Bhuvaneswari R*
Published: June 2023

Children are enthusiastic and show a keen interest in learning new skills. Learning and participation, equipped with essential life skills, ensure success in their life. Building life skills enables children to understand personal conflicts (both physical and mental) and make them aware of their environment. The folktales of various regions in the world with solid traditions expand children’sliterary horizons. Folklore inspires young minds and teachesthem to be morally, ethically,and socially conscious. Anthropomorphic narratives take children into the world of tales, keep them engaged, teaching history, tradition and value systems, and helping the individual build lifeskills. The paper focuses on realising the life skills and cultural influence imbibed in folktales and how it works on children. The article examines popular folktales from Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America and examines how they operate as a tool to enable us to understand culture and life skills.
Uma investigação acerca da razão nos animais: a naturalização da epistemologia de David Hume
Authors: Santos Rubens Sotero
Published: June 2023

Nosso objetivo central neste artigo é mostrar como as seções of the reason of animals sustentam a tese de uma naturalização da epistemologia de Hume. Para tal, ele será dividido em três grandes partes. Na primeira, mostraremos como Hume utilizou a analogia como fundamento para presupor uma continuidade entre as faculdades intelectivas dos animais humanos e não humanos. Na segunda, indicaremos as semelhanças que corroboram a analogia e, na última, apontaremos que as diferenças entre os humanos e demais animais são apenas de grau e nunca de qualidade.
De Heisenberg a Hegel: reflexões metafísicas sobre a física quântica
Authors: Ferraz Bueno Sinésio
Published: June 2023

A ruptura estabelecida pela física quântica em relação à física clássica conduziu a uma redefinição da objetividade científica, que desde então se baseou no formalismo matemático para o conhecimento das funções de onda. Essa concepção de uma "objetividade fraca" motivou Werner Heisenberg a recorrer ao idealismo de Platão para explicar a constituição interna do mundo material a partir de estruturas geométricas. Entretanto, face a um paradigma idealista incompatível com a ciência moderna, Heisenberg concebeu que a filosofia de Kant seria a referência mais aceitável para interpretar os fenômenos quânticos dentro dos limites empiricistas da pesquisa científica. O presente artigo apresenta o idealismo de absoluto de Hegel como horizonte filosófico para uma possível superação da rigidez dos limites kantianos, visando a uma interpretação metafísica da física quântica.
O projeto de uma filosofia da imanência e a questão da subjetividade em Deleuze
Authors: De Oliveira Alves Teixeira Yasmin
Published: June 2023

O conceito tardio de plano de imanência na filosofia de Gilles Deleuze diz respeito não apenas à recusa de um segundo mundo transcendente, mas também de um campo transcendental organizado sob a determinação recíproca entre sujeito universal e forma geral de objeto. A construção desse conceito passa, portanto, pela crítica do fundamento transcendental kantiano desenvolvida por Deleuze através de um resgate original do empirismo de Hume. A discussão gira em torno do estatuto da subjetividade: segundo a crítica empírica, o sujeito não pode ser entendido como um pressuposto a priori, mas deve, sim, ser compreendido como um produto a posteriori cuja emergência remete, em última instância, a um princípio de repetição. Assim, buscando compreender a amplitude da noção de imanência na filosofia deleuziana, analisamos a leitura do filósofo francês a respeito do problema do fundamento transcendental, sobretudo em Empirismo e Subjetividade. Por fim, indicamos brevemente de que maneira o conjunto dessa problemática reaparece em Diferença e Repetição.
As noções de conveniência e aparência como novidade ética em Maquiavel
Authors: Alves Marcos Alexandre
Published: June 2023

Examina-se as posições teórico-práticas de Maquiavel e sua contraposição à moralidade tradicional, a fim de entender como se estrutura a sua nova proposta ética. A novidade está pautada nas categorias políticas da conveniência e da aparência: admite-se recorrer a todos os meios necessários para atingir os fins estabelecidos, e para manter-se no poder, obter a honra e a glória, não importa aquilo que o Príncipe é, mas o que aparenta ser perante os súditos e aliados. Disto decorre a necessidade de um Príncipe com o pulso firme e que defenda, sem medir esforços, a integridade e o bem-estar seu povo. A moral do governante será dirigida pela situação política e não pelo ideal de governante universal, abstrato e perfeito. O poder político tem uma origem mundana, nasce da própria malignidade que é intrínseca à natureza humana, mas se constitui, ainda que de modo precário e transitório, como a única possibilidade de enfrentar o conflito. Enfim, cabe ao Príncipe a utilização de um conjunto de expedientes e técnicas capazes de assegurar a máxima eficácia na preservação do Estado e na conservação de sua suprema finalidade - ordem e harmonia.
Freud e o descentramento da subjetividade: o inconsciente como via de recusa consciencialista
Authors: Warmling Diego Luiz , Bastone Petra
Published: June 2023

O inconsciente foi a maior contribuição freudiana e passou por reformulações. Da primeira até a segunda tópica, Freud teorizou a respeito de um Eu inconsciente e nada soberano. Nos interessa nesse artigo mostrar como Freud estabelece uma crítica às teorias consciencialistas e qual o caminho percorrido para encontrar um outro caráter para o Eu. Para tanto, mobilizaremos sua teoria do desejo, sendo esta a principal responsável pelo funcionamento do psiquismo. Suporemos que o inconsciente freudiano introduz para a humanidade um modo de lidar com as faltas que, além de não extirpáveis, nos descentram a todo momento.
A linguagem no período intermediário e final de Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Camargo Jeovane
Published: June 2023

O presente texto se propõe reconstruir algumas das linhas principais do problema da articulação entre percepção e linguagem em Merleau-Ponty. Para tanto, parte-se da questão da origem da linguagem, na Fenomenologia da percepção, e se acompanha seus desdobramentos e reformulações ao longo do período intermediário (década de 1950), quando Merleau-Ponty se aproxima da linguística de Saussure, e do período final (década de 1960), quando Merleau-Ponty desenvolve seu conceito de Ser bruto. Paulatinamente, a percepção passa a apresentar a mesma estrutura diacrítica da linguagem, um solo originário mudo, mas expressivo. E a linguagem aparece cada vez mais como a elevação desse solo à expressividade propriamente linguística.
Infinito y Teoría social: Tarde como lector de Leibniz
Authors: Tonkonoff Sergio
Published: June 2023

El texto analiza los principios fundamentales en torno a los cuales Gabriel Tarde construye su aproximación a la vida social. Esta perspectiva, elaborada hacia fines del siglo XIX, se encuentra notablemente descentrada tanto respecto de los holismos como los individualismos que dominaron las ciencias sociales y las humanidades durante el siglo siguiente. Una de las principales razones de ello es que su punto de partida filosófico no fue Kant, Hegel o Marx, sino Leibniz. Tarde elabora una teoría social (neo) monadológica. Es decir, produce una concepción infinitista de lo social articulada en torno auna ontología y una epistemología de los infinitesimales y sus conceptos asociados. Esto es lo que se propone mostrar el presente trabajo.
Contribuições para uma teoria antropológica na leitura de Deleuze sobre Hume
Authors: Carrer Carlos Fernando
Published: June 2023

O propósito deste artigo é apresentar a teoria antropológica que deriva do processo de constituição da subjetividade tal como o encontramos na leitura de Deleuze sobre Hume. Entende-se por “teoria antropológica” uma teoria que busca responder ao problema das interações entre natureza e cultura, bem como compreender a posição que o ser humano ocupa no interior dessa relação. Faremos isso reconstituindo alguns passos de Empirismo e subjetividade (1953), primeiro livro de Deleuze dedicado ao pensamento de Hume, e através de incursões pontuais ao Tratado da natureza humana, mas visando alcançar, também, as teses avançadas pelo filósofo francês em um artigo intitulado “Instinto e instituições” (1955). Com isso, pretende-se mostrar que, desde seus escritos inaugurais, Deleuze 1) não considera natureza e cultura como conceitos limitantes um do outro e 2) não faz do ser humano o objeto privilegiado da investigação antropológica, compreendendo-o, antes, a partir das relações que entretém com os não-humanos, especificamente os animais.
Raça e a partilha colonial do sensível na obra de Achille Mbembe
Authors: De Souza Victor Galdino Alves
Published: June 2023

O objetivo deste ensaio é analisar as condições de possibilidade da escravidão e da violência antinegra, assim como da produção de significações raciais – do ser-negro – e das fantasias coloniais. Para isso, buscarei, majoritariamente, recursos conceituais na obra de Achille Mbembe, com auxílio de alguns conceitos de Jacques Rancière, de forma a tratar o que chamo de partilha colonial do sensível, analisando a relação entre a raça enquanto construção imaginária, significações raciais e a organização social da percepção e da sensibilidade que herdamos do colonialismo europeu. Assim, pretendo elaborar o sentido da ausência de enlutabilidade – nos termos de Judith Butler – e de crises éticas – nos termos de Denise Ferreira da Silva – na esteira da violência racial desde o tempo da escravidão, mostrando, também, como o tempo da liberdade não se constitui como ruptura profunda, pois não interditou a reorganização da linguagem e da imaginação sobre um mesmo fundo de negatividade inaugurado com o exercício soberano do poder colonial como um poder de não-ver e não-ouvir a humanidade negra.
Institucionalização e socionormatividade da esfera pública em Habermas
Authors: Freire Wescley Fernandes Araujo
Published: June 2023

Neste artigo, discuto os déficits de institucionalização e socionormativo da esfera pública, “ignorados” por Habermas desde Mudança estrutural da esfera pública (1962) e obras imediatamente posteriores, prosseguindo com uma abordagem insatisfatoriamente esclarecedora sobre o tema na Teoria da ação comunicativa (1981). Esses déficits representam um sério problema à institucionalização do “uso público da razão”, o que demanda repensar a articulação entre os conceitos de sociedade civil, esfera pública e aprendizagem social e política em resposta aos déficits de aprendizagem cognitivo-epistêmico, prático-moral e político. Assim, assumo a conjectura de que os déficits de institucionalização e socionormativo da esfera pública respondem pelos déficits de aprendizagem social e política, porque a ausência de instituições sociais com potencial socionormativo dificulta a efetiva participação social da sociedade civil em contextos normativos de resolução de problemas prático-morais e políticos. Na medida em que a institucionalização do “uso público da razão” não deve ficar limitada ao nível do discurso, especialmente no caso do discurso político, a formulação teórico-estrutural e o teor institucional-normativo da esfera pública deveriam ser compatíveis com a pretensão epistêmica dos processos de aprendizagem social esboçados na Teoria da Ação Comunicativa, um dos blind spots do “programa político” da obra de 1981.
Da noção de organismo no emergentismo ontológico de Martin Heidegger
Authors: Benevides Barbosa Gomes Rodrigo
Published: June 2023

Ao contrário de ontologias de cunho pampsiquista presente na obra de autores como Alfred North Whitehead e Gottfried Leibniz, Martin Heidegger propõe uma perspectiva emergentista ilustrada em sua célebre distinção na qual se afirma que a pedra é sem mundo, o animal é pobre de mundo e o homem é formador de mundo. Admitindo a ultrapassagem ontológica qualitativa que há entre matéria e vida ou não-intencionalidade e intencionalidade, Heidegger advoga por um emergentismo fenomenologicamente justificado. Dito isso, o artigo visa demonstrar como a ontologia heideggeriana pressupõe a distinção qualitativa entre esfera física, biológica e humana ao examinarmos o conceito de organismo proposto pelo filósofo alemão.
MINERAL WATERS IN BULGARIA
Authors: Sadovski Alexander
Published: June 2023

The present study aims to review the sources of mineral water in Bulgaria, as well as the various aspects of their use as an energy source, benefit for human health and the national economy. Several literary sources on the subject are cited. Statistical analysis was performed and data were summarized about their physical and chemical characteristics, and especially to find distribution by temperature. The production of cheap thermal energy from the geothermal plants contribute to the reduction of the environment pollution, which is of great importance for the country. The extremely good bio-climatic resources in the country provide a base for the prospective development of the balneological branch. The barriers to geothermal development in the country are shown. It is concluded that the importance of geothermal energy from mineral waters in Bulgaria is underestimated.