bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First trimester β-hCG and estradiol levels in singleton and twin pregnancies after assisted reproduction
Authors: Póvoa Ana , Xavier Pedro , Matias Alexandra , Blickstein Isaac
Published: July 2017

Objective

To compare levels of β-hCG and estradiol collected during the first trimester in singleton and twin pregnancies following assisted reproduction technologies (ART).

Methods

We prospectively evaluated 50 singleton and 47 dichorionic twin pregnancies that eventually ended in live births. Patients were recruited from a single ART center with standard treatment protocols followed by fresh embryo transfers. Hormone measurements were performed within a narrow gestational age range and analyzed in a single laboratory thus minimizing inter- and intra-assay variability. We measured serum β-hCG at 13 days after embryo transfer as well as samples of β-hCG and estradiol at 8–9 weeks+6 days.

Results

No significant differences existed between singletons and twins in respect to demographic and cycle characteristics. β-hCG and estradiol were all significantly higher in twins (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The data confirms the higher levels of β-hCG and estradiol in twins, pointing to the potential role of these placental hormones in early support of a twin pregnancy.
Smoothing Approximation to the Square-Root Exact Penalty Function
Authors: Duan Yaqiong , Lian Shujun
Published: July 2017

In this paper, smoothing approximation to the square-root exact penalty functions is devised for inequality constrained optimization. It is shown that an approximately optimal solution of the smoothed penalty problem is an approximately optimal solution of the original problem. An algorithm based on the new smoothed penalty functions is proposed and shown to be convergent under mild conditions. Three numerical examples show that the algorithm is efficient.
Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic activity of triphenyltin complexes of N-(5-bromosalicylidene)-α-amino acids
Authors: Yao Yanze , Yang Min , Zheng Xiaoliang , Tian Laijin
Published: July 2017

Five new triphenyltin complexes of
Kinetic properties and structural analysis of LaCrO3nanoparticles
Authors: Enhessari Morteza , Salehabadi Ali , Khoobi Asma , Amiri Razie
Published: July 2017

LaCrO3perovskite nanopowders were successfully prepared via a sol-gel method using stoichiometric proportion of materials containing lanthanum and chromium in stearic acid complexing agent. Structural analysis of LaCrO3indicated an octahedral framework in its XRD pattern bearing crystallite size in the range of 28 nm. The particle sizes were confirmed by morphological scanning of the sample. The optical properties of LaCrO3nanopowders clearly indicated an interesting optical activity of LaCrO3in the UV and visible ranges. The degradation activation energy (Ed) was calculated from the output of a moderate thermal programming profile at about 207.97 kJ·mol-1using Kissinger equation. Capacity, impedance and AC resistance of the perovskites was obtained at 2.970 nF, 2.522 MΩ and 16.19 MΩ, respectively.
Crystal structure of bis(tetraethylammonium) [1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarboxylate trihydrate, C30H54N2O7
Authors: Cheng Di , Zai Yanbing
Published: July 2017

C30H54N2O7, orthorhombic, P21212 (no. 18), a = 11.6240(9) Å, b = 12.9628(11) Å, c = 10.5166(9) Å, V = 1584.6(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.038, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.115, T = 296 K.
Maize and Potato Intercropping: A Technology to Increase Productivity and Profitability in Tigray
Authors: Kidane Beyenesh Z. , Hailu Mereseit H. , Haile Haile T.
Published: July 2017

Smallholders have limited landholding in the highlands of Tigray and therefore there is a critical need to improve land use efficiency (LUE). One way to improve the LUE is through intercropping of companion crops including maize and potato. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the intercropping ratio as a means to improve land use efficiency during the 2012 cropping season. The treatments tested were three intercropping ratios of maize: potato in 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 row arrangement compared against the maize and potato only cropping. The objective of the study was to identify the best intercropping ratio that maximizes land use efficiency. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was used to compare the land use efficiency of the intercrops with each sole crop. The total yield of intercropped crops were greater than sole cropping, shown by LER>1. The overall advantage of intercropping ranged from 35 to 58%. The highest land equivalent value of 58% was recorded for one maize and two potato rows arrangements indicated a yield advantage of 58% over sole crop. The partial land equivalent value of both crops in intercropping was less than one indicating the cohesiveness of both crops in intercropping. Thus, it can be concluded that 1maize: 2 potato intercropping is a viable agronomic option in increasing land use efficiency and increased food security. It is, therefore, imperative to demonstrate the best treatment under farmer’s condition.
Drug Flow Through Clinical Infusion Systems: How Modeling of the Common-volume Helps Explain Clinical Events
Authors: Lovich Mark A. , Peterfreund Robert A.
Published: July 2017

This review aims to describe analytic models of drug infusion that demonstrate the impact of the infusion system common-volume on drug delivery. The common-volume of a drug infusion system is defined as the volume residing between the point where drug and inert carrier streams meet and the patient’s blood. We describe 3 sets of models. The first is quantitative modeling which includes algebraic mathematical constructs and forward-difference computational simulation. The second set of models is with in vitro benchtop simulation of clinical infusion system architecture. This modeling employs devices including pumps, manifolds, tubing and catheters used in patient care. The final set of models confirms in vitro findings with pharmacodynamic endpoints in living large mammals. Such modeling reveals subtle but important issues inherent in drug infusion therapy that can potentially lead to patient instability and morbidity. The common-volume is an often overlooked reservoir of drugs, especially when infusions flows are slowed or stopped. Even with medications and carriers flowing, some mass of drug always resides within this common-volume. This reservoir of drug can be inadvertently delivered into patients. When infusions are initiated, or when dose rate or carrier flow is altered, there can be a significant lag between intended and actual drug delivery. In the case of vasoactive and inotropic drug infusions, these unappreciated time delays between intended and actual drug delivery can lead to iatrogenic hemodynamic instability. When a drug infusion is discontinued, drug delivery continues until the common-volume is fully cleared of residual drug by the carrier. The findings from all 3 sets of models described in this review indicate that minimizing the common-volume of drug infusion systems may enhance patient safety. The presented models may also be configured into teaching tools and possibly point to technological solutions that might mitigate sources of iatrogenic patient lability.
Some inferences on the distribution of the Demmel condition number of complex Wishart matrices
Authors: Shakil M. , Ahsanullah M.
Published: July 2017

In recent years, many researchers have studied the distributions of the Demmel (or the scaled) condition numbers (DCN) of complex Wishart matrices. In this paper, several new distributional properties of the distribution of the Demmel condition number of complex Wishart matrices are presented. The limiting distributions of the standardized extreme order statistics are given. Since the truncated distributions arise in practical statistics where the ability of record observations is limited to a given threshold or within a specified range, there has been a great interest, in recent years, in the characterizations of probability distributions by truncated moments. Before a particular probability distribution model is applied to fit the realworld data, it is necessary to confirm whether the given continuous probability distribution satisfies the underlying requirements by its characterization. Therefore, in this paper, some characterizations of the distribution of DCN are also shown. We hope that the findings of this paper will be quite useful in many fields of pure and applied sciences, such as, probability, statistics, multivariate statistics, linear algebra, operator algebra theory, actuarial science, physics, wireless communications, and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR), among others.
Design, synthesis, and antibacterial activity of novel 8-methoxyquinoline-2-carboxamide compounds containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety
Authors: Qu Tengfei , Qu Lailiang , Wang Xiaoguang , Xu Ting , Xiao Xiao , Ding Min , Deng Li , Guo Yong
Published: July 2017

A series of novel 8-methoxyquinoline-2-carboxamide compounds containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety was designed and synthesized by using an active substructure combination method. Then, the antibacterial activities of all the target compounds were evaluated in vitro against three Gram-positive bacteria and three Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial assay showed that some target compounds displayed moderate to good antibacterial efficacy in comparison with the reference drug Chloromycin. Some interesting results of structure-activity relationships were also discussed.
Maternal modifiers of the infant gut microbiota: metabolic consequences
Authors: Mulligan Christopher M , Friedman Jacob E
Published: July 2017

Transmission of metabolic diseases from mother to child is multifactorial and includes genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences. Evidence in rodents, humans and non-human primates support the scientific premise that exposure to maternal obesity or high-fat diet during pregnancy creates a long-lasting metabolic signature on the infant innate immune system and the juvenile microbiota, which predisposes the offspring to obesity and metabolic diseases. In neonates, gastrointestinal microbes introduced through the mother are noted for their ability to serve as direct inducers/regulators of the infant immune system. Neonates have a limited capacity to initiate an immune response. Thus, disruption of microbial colonization during the early neonatal period results in disrupted postnatal immune responses that highlight the neonatal period as a critical developmental window. Although the mechanisms are poorly understood, increasing evidence suggests that maternal obesity or poor diet influences the development and modulation of the infant liver and other end organs through direct communication via the portal system, metabolite production, alterations in gut barrier integrity and the hematopoietic immune cell axis. This review will focus on how maternal obesity and dietary intake influence the composition of the infant gut microbiota and how an imbalance or maladaptation in the microbiota, including changes in early pioneering microbes, might contribute to the programming of offspring metabolism with special emphasis on mechanisms that promote chronic inflammation in the liver. Comprehension of these pathways and mechanisms will elucidate our understanding of developmental programming and may expand the avenue of opportunities for novel therapeutics.
Instrumentación cervical en pacientes menores de 10 años. [Cervical Instrumentation and Fusion in Children Under 10 Years Old.]
Authors: Sotomayor Harrynson Enmanuel , Remondino Rodrigo , Tello Carlos , Galaretto Eduardo , Francheri Ida , Bersusky Ernesto , Noel Mariano
Published: July 2017

Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados postoperatorios de una serie de pacientes pediátricos menores de 10 años sometidos a fusión cervical instrumentada, descripción de la técnica quirúrgica y complicaciones.

Introducción: La instrumentación de la columna cervical pediátrica ha ganado  terreno en la última década. Las diferencias anatómicas y biomecánicas entre la columna cervical pediátrica y del adulto hacen que la cirugía requiera de una minuciosa preparación preoperatoria toda vez que se utilizan implantes diseñados para adultos.

Métodos: Se evaluaron 28 pacientes con patología cervical tratados con fusión instrumentada utilizando las técnicas descriptas por Roy-Camille y Magerlpara  masas laterales, de Goel-Harms para C1-C2, y las fusiones occípito-cervicales con placas occipitales o rótulas. Los criterios de inclusión: menores de 10 años, cirugía primaria con un seguimiento mínimo de 2 años.

Resultados: Obtuvimos una muestra de  17 mujeres y 11 hombres con un seguimiento promedio de 3,8 años (2-10). La edad promedio fue 6,1 años (1,6-10). Existió una tasa promedio de complicaciones generales del 32.1%. Las patologías que más complicaciones registraron fueron: síndromes genéticos 6 casos (21,4%), junto a las displasias esqueléticas 3 casos  (10,7%). 13 pacientes fueron menores de 6 años, 7 de ellos presentaron complicaciones (53,8%).

Conclusión: La instrumentacion cervical en pacientes menores de 10 años demostró ser un procedimiento factible y seguro. Las displasias vertebrales, anomalías congénitas y sindrómicas, sumado al factor edad menores de 6 años,  son las principales variables asociadas a las complicaciones obtenidas.

Trabajo  descriptivo  retrospectivo Nivel IV
Association between SNP rs9485372 in TAB2 gene and breast cancer risk  in Vietnamese women
Authors: Huong Nguyen Thi Lan , Thanh Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Hue Nguyen Thi
Published: July 2017

Background: Breast cancer is a complex and common cancer in women. In the purpose of prevention and treatment of the disease, many studies have been conducted recently all over the world. The genetic factor is known as an important factor has been studied to provide information for early diagnosis. Within several genetic factors involved in the development of breast cancer, TAB2 gene in 6q25.1 is a breast cancer susceptibility locus. The SNP r9485372 in TAB2 gene is associated with breast cancer in East Asian population including Chinese and Korean but not in Indian and Japanese. In this study, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate the association of this SNP with breast cancer risk in the Vietnamese population.

Methods: 109 controls and 111 cases were genotyped by HRM method and logistic regression analysed.

Results: We found that the frequency of SNP alleles is roughly similar to East Asian population: the major allele is G occupied 59.63%, the minor allele is A with 40.37% in the Vietnamese population.  The allelic distribution of SNP rs9485372 was not significantly different between case and control group (ORA vs. G (95% CI) = 0.93 (0.64 - 1.37), P-value = 0.73).

Conclusion: Our finding thus suggested that this SNP is not significantly associated with breast cancer in Vietnamese women. However, the power of this study is quite low at only 4.46% that was partly caused by a small sample size. Hence, a further study needs to be conducted with a larger sample size in the future to confirm the association of this SNP with breast cancer in Vietnamese women.
Statistical significance of gender and age on thermal comfort: a case study in Turkey
Authors: Calis Gulben , Kuru Merve
Published: July 2017

Maintaining thermal comfort in buildings is essential since it affects users’ health and performance. Thermal comfort standards provide reference values for indoor environmental parameters; however, they cannot incorporate gender and age in their theories, in which the predicted mean vote (PMV) is used. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gender and age on thermal sensation, preference and acceptability as well as verifying the applicability of the PMV model. In order to obtain PMV and actual mean vote values, in situ measurements and surveys were carried out simultaneously in a religious building in Turkey. Statistical analyses, including the Shapiro–Wilk, Levene, Kruskal–Wallis and Games–Howell tests, were conducted to understand the statistical significance between females and males as well as four age groups. The results show that the PMV model is applicable for both females and males; however, it cannot be verified for all age groups except for the age group of 46–65 years. The relationship between thermal sensation and age group is stronger compared with that between thermal sensation and gender. Moreover, the effect of age group on thermal preference and thermal acceptability is statistically significant, whereas that of gender is not significant.
Atividades experimentais nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: ferramenta metodológica para a construção do processo de ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Lima Ana De Souza , Azzolin Kelli Anne Dos Santos , Moresco Terimar Ruoso , Da Rocha João Batista Teixeira , Barbosa Nilda Vargas
Published: July 2017

Com foco nos anos iniciais, este estudo avaliou o impacto de atividades experimentais baseadas no método científico e nas preconcepções das crianças sobre a aprendizagem de conceitos e fenômenos associados ao processo de Fermentação. Foi realizado um curso experimental (20hs) com 20 estudantes do 1º e 2º ano da Escola Municipal da Escola Municipal Diácono João Luiz Pozzobon na cidade de Santa Maria-RS, com idades entre 6 e 7 anos. Os resultados foram avaliados pela comparação das respostas de entrevistas realizadas antes do curso (pré-teste) e depois do curso (pós-teste), sendo os pós-testes aplicados no final do curso experimental, 6 e 12 meses depois. Observou-se que as atividades desenvolvidas facilitaram a aquisição e a construção de novos conceitos e causaram mudanças nas concepções prévias dos alunos. Os dados mostram que “atividades experimentais” podem ser usadas como ferramenta metodológica para auxiliar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nesse nível de escolaridade.
La red social del abasto urbano: aguadores y fiadores en Zacatecas, México (siglo XIX)
Authors: Alfaro-Rodríguez Evelyn
Published: July 2017

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de estudiar a un grupo de individuos (en su mayoría hombres) que, desde el periodo fundacional del espacio minero zacatecano, se dedicaron a llevar agua a las viviendas de los habitantes que tenían solvencia económica para pagar el costo por el acarreo del líquido. Esta acción no era sencilla, la accidentada topografía del enclave minero y la distancia de los pozos, manantiales y arroyos que rodeaban el poblado dificultaban la labor. Aunque no se cuenta con un registro de aguadores que date de 1546 (fundación del Real de Minas de Nuestra Señora de Zacatecas), se tienen datos que reflejan su prolongada existencia desde finales del XVIII hasta terminar el siglo XIX. En este periodo, los denominados aguadores tuvieron que realizar vínculos políticos y económicos no solo con la institución que los registraba, regulaba y organizaba: el Ayuntamiento; también se relacionaron con un grupo denominado fi adores que otorgaban avales para que pudieran desempeñar su oficio. En este sentido, se pretende establecer una red social entre ambos actores sociales.
El aguador y la infraestructura hidráulica en la ciudad de Guadalajara, México
Authors: Rojas-Ramírez José Juan Pablo
Published: July 2017

Se describe la dinámica del aguador y su paulatina transformación en empleado repartidor de agua durante el proceso de implementación de la infraestructura hidráulica en la ciudad de Guadalajara. El desarrollo económico de la ciudad, su expansión territorial y el aumento demográfico frente a la escasez de agua obligaron a las autoridades a desarrollar proyectos hidráulicos con el fin de garantizar el abastecimiento de agua en diferentes periodos.
“¡Agua zarca y azul!”: el abasto de agua potable en la ciudad de Aguascalientes (México), 1856-1896
Authors: Gómez-Serrano Jesús
Published: July 2017

El artículo propone una reconstrucción de los principales problemas relacionados con el abasto de agua potable en la ciudad de Aguascalientes durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Se documenta la multiplicación de fuentes públicas, así como los problemas derivados del uso de la acequia que iba del manantial a la ciudad, la cual, a su paso, alimentaba unos baños públicos. Se señalan también los primeros intentos que hubo para entregar agua a domicilio por medio de cañería y el papel que desempeñaron los aguadores, tanto para abastecer las necesidades de agua potable como para la empleada en otras tareas domésticas. Al final se proponen algunas reflexiones sobre la crisis del sistema de abasto en línea a fines del siglo XIX y la medida en que muchos problemas propios del viejo orden porfiriano siguieron presentándose durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. El artículo utiliza en su mayor parte fuentes originales, sin descuidar el diálogo con diversos autores que se han ocupado de estos temas en otros lugares.
Needs Assessment For Developing A Multidisciplinary Model For Trafficking Prevention And Rehabilitation Of Survivors
Authors: Jani Nairruti
Published: July 2017

Trafficking in persons is a complex issue demanding a coordinated and multidimensional response in order to achieve effective and faster results. Due to the complexity of this phenomenon, it is often challenging for organizations serving this population to identify the constantly emerging needs in a routine fashion. The aim of this study is to provide comprehensive guidance to service providers on existing needs in this field and assessing the gaps in response to trafficking in persons in United States. The results of this study reveal a number of components that have to be crucially addressed for creating a need based effective multi-disciplinary and multi-agency system of service provision for victims of human trafficking.
Biodiversity, tribal knowledge and life in India
Authors: Singh Bir Pal
Published: July 2017

Tribes are known for their close proximity with the nature all over the world. They use natural resources as part of their survival while protecting these as part of their duties and obligations. Thus the concept of nature-man–spirit is very ancient as both biological diversity and cultural diversity are directly related to the origin of many tribes in India who personify their origin from some plants and trees protecting them as sacred grooves. The present paper seeks a critical note on the relationship of biodiversity, traditional knowledge and rights of tribes in India.
Prevalence and determinants of depression in geriatric women in an urban slum area of Mumbai suburbs
Authors: Srivastav Manissha , Bavaskar Yogita , Choudhary Ravindra , Agrawal S.
Published: July 2017

Background: Lifespan have increased worldwide. Increasing lifespan has brought in its wake, a host of non-communicable diseases. Worldwide, depression affects more women than men and it is also one of the morbidities amenable to treatment. Due to numerous socio-economic and cultural reasons, geriatric women in India bear the brunt of depressive ailments. Coupled with the lack of economic independence and gender disparity, this affliction and the affected both have remained in the shadows. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of depression and to study the association between some determinants of depression among geriatric women.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among geriatric women in an urban slum area. 336 women were included in the study. Mental health status in geriatric sample was studied by using 30 point geriatric depression scale. Results: Out of 336 total subjects, 171 (50.89%) were suffering from depression out of which 88 (26.19%) were showing mild depression and 83 (24.70%) were suffering from major depression. Marital status, unemployed status, economic dependency, lack of regular exercise, presence of addictions was found to be the risk factors for the depression. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of depression in elderly women therefore Geriatric counseling and screening centers are to be established at health care institutes.
Detección, identificación e inferencia filogenética del nematodo del tallo Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn) filipjev (Nematoda:Anguinidae) afectando alfalfa Medicago sativa L. en Jalisco, México
Authors: Rosas-Hernández Leonel , Ramírez-Suárez Angel , Alcasio-Rangel Salomé , López-Buenfil José Abel , Medina-Gómez Edgar
Published: July 2017

El monitoreo de plagas y enfermedades reglamentadas que afectan a los cultivos en México es importante para determinar su presencia e impacto. Con la finalidad de colaborar con las actividades del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica Fitosanitaria, se analizaron plantas de alfalfa de Atoyac, Jalisco con acortamiento de entrenudos, deformación de brotes, hojas y decoloración de foliolos, síntomas sospechosos a infestaciones por nematodos foliares. Se analizaron por separado raíces, hojas + brotes y tallos. Se realizó la taxonomía tradicional, análisis molecular y filogenético de dos marcadores del ADN ribosomal de los nematodos detectados. Se aislaron especímenes del género Ditylenchus solo en hojas + brotes y tallos. La identidad de la especie según la morfotaxonomía de hembras y machos correspondió al nematodo del tallo D. dipsaci. El análisis PCR-RFLP de la región ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 mostró un patrón de restricción de 335, 280, 200 y 132 pb con la enzima RsaI y de 400 y 300 pb con HinfI. La alineación BLAST indicó un 99% de homología con D. dipsaci (E=0.0). La filogenia según el criterio de probabilidades posteriores bayesiano de ambos marcadores ubicó a la población mexicana de alfalfa en el grupo que incluye las poblaciones de D. dipsaci sensu stricto. A nuestro saber, este es el primer reporte de D. dipsaci afectando alfalfa en el occidente de México.
Effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil on ammonia and biogenic amine production in rainbow trout
Authors: Öz Mustafa
Published: July 2017

In the present study, 0.00% (control), 0.10%, 0.40%, 0.70%, 1.00% and 1.30% black cumin oil was added to rainbow trout feed and the fish were fed for 120 days. Following the feeding period, the harvested fish were stored in the refrigerator at ±2 ºC, in Styrofoam boxes filled with ice, for 23 days. During the storage period, the effects of black cumin oil on ammonia and biogenic amine production in rainbow trout were examined. An increase was observed in the ammonia content during the storage period, with the most substantial increase observed in the control group and the least substantial increase observed in the 1.30% black cumin oil group. The biogenic amine level increased during the storage period. A significant increases was observed in the tyramine level during the storage period ( less than 3.08 mg/100 g), and significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of spermidine, spermine, histamine, and tyramine content (p less than 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that the addition of black cumin oil reduced ammonia and biogenic amine production in rainbow trout.
Acute heat stress in broiler chickens and its impact on serum biochemical and electrolyte parameters
Authors: Huang Shucheng , Yang Heping , Rehman Mujeeb , Tong Zongxi
Published: July 2017

Biochemical and electrolyte parameters play an assistant role for the faster and realistic evaluation of multiple organ dysfunction. The present study was designed to investigate the changes in serum biochemical and electrolyte parameters of Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens during acute heat stress. AA broiler chickens (N=120) were randomly allocated to four groups: control group at 22 ± 1 °C and heat stress group at 2 h, 5h and 10h, respectively (HS2, HS5, and HS10) at 38±1°C. All groups of serum electrolyte and biochemical parameters, including serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, amylase, cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. These results indicated that heat stress have significant (p less than 0.05) effect on serum biochemical and electrolyte parameters of broiler chickens, which assist preliminary evaluation of the damage degree of corresponding organs.
Growth and litter traits in crossbred pigs across the non-genetic factors
Authors: Naha B. C. , Gaur G. , Patel B. H. , Sahoo N.
Published: July 2017

Records of 195 crossbred pigs (75 % Landrace + 25% Desi ), raised over a period of 2 years from 2014 to 2015, maintained at the Livestock Production Research (Pigs), Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh were used in this study to determine the effect of various environmental factors on growth and litter traits. Growth was recorded in terms of body weight at birth and thereafter at weekly interval up to 8 wks and then at 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks of age. Generation interval had a significant effect on body weights at all ages. Piglets born in first generation had higher growth at most of the study period. Effect of sex was significant on body weight at most of the ages, except at 7, 8, 16 and 24 week. Male piglets had a higher growth at most of the weeks except at birth, 8 and 16 weeks. Piglets born in season II (March, April, May and June) had higher growth at most of the weeks, except at 4 and 5 weeks. Season of birth had a significant effect on body weight at birth, 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age. Effect of year of birth was significant on body weight at birth, 1, 2, 6, 16 and 20 weeks of age only. Piglets born in 2014 had higher growth at most of the weeks, except at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks of age. Generation I and II had a significant effect on litter traits, except average weight at birth. Piglets born in second generation had higher litter traits compared to the first generation. Effect of parity of dam was also significant on all litter traits.
Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Clinical Attachment Loss Progression in an Urban Population From South Brazil: A 5‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wagner Marcius C. , Haas Alex N. , Oppermann Rui V. , Rosing Cassiano K. , Albandar Jasim M. , Susin Cristiano
Published: July 2017

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of alcohol consumption on clinical attachment loss (AL) progression over a period of 5 years.

Methods: A multistage probability sampling strategy was used to draw a representative sample of the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Five hundred thirty‐two individuals (209 males and 293 females) aged 18 to 65 years at baseline with no medical history of diabetes and at least six teeth were included in this analysis. Full‐mouth periodontal examinations with six sites per tooth were conducted at baseline and after 5 years. Alcohol consumption was assessed at baseline by asking participants about the usual number of drinks consumed in a week. Four categories of alcohol consumption were defined: 1) non‐drinker; 2) ≤1 glass/week; 3) >1 glass/week and ≤1 glass/day; and 4) >1 glass/day. Individuals showing at least two teeth with proximal (clinical AL) progression ≥3 mm over 5 years were classified as having disease progression. Multiple Poisson regression models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, and body mass index were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: Overall, individuals who consumed >1 glass/day had 30% higher risk for clinical AL progression (RR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.58) than non‐drinkers. Among males, risk of clinical AL progression for individuals drinking >1 glass/day was 34% higher than non‐drinkers (RR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.64). Never‐smoker males drinking ≤1 glass/week had significantly lower risk for clinical AL progression than non‐drinkers (RR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.89), whereas those drinking >1 glass/day had significantly higher risk (RR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.99). Among females, no association between alcohol consumption and clinical AL progression was observed.

Conclusions: Alcohol consumption increased the risk of clinical AL progression, and this effect was more pronounced in males. Low dosages (≤1.37 g of alcohol/day) of alcohol consumption may be beneficial to prevent periodontal disease progression in males. The impact of alcohol cessation initiatives on periodontal health should be evaluated.
A “saga” político-ecológica da algaroba no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Burnett Annahid
Published: July 2017

A “saga” da algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) no semiárido envolveu uma grande diversidade de atores sociais, dentro do cenário desenvolvimentista, quando se pregava a introdução desta espécie como “salvação” socioeconômica para a região. O objetivo deste artigo é de analisar a construção do discurso salvacionista que deu suporte à implantação da tecnologia da algaroba. Investigar que atores sociais participaram dessa construção e quais eram suas estratégias e interesses. Como metodologia usamos o levantamento bibliográfico pertinente ao objeto de estudo na referida época, como também da documentação dos registros da imprensa escrita nos jornais da região.  Palavras-chave: algaroba, ecologia, semiárido, desenvolvimento, tecnologia.
Oficina de maquete de relevo: um recurso didático
Authors: Sousa Romário Rosa de
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal auxiliar os professores no ensino e aprendizagem de alunos do ensino fundamental, médio, técnico e de graduação, com aulas práticas de elaboração de uma maquete de relevo. Os procedimentos metodológicos pautaram-se em sete etapas distribuídas em aulas teórica e prática, na forma de oficina didática. A análise dos questionários de avaliação respondidos após a oficina revela que todos os 19 participantes responderam que foi bom ter participado. Do total de dezenove participantes, quatro deram nota 10 (dez); cinco atribuíram nota 9 (nove); seis, a nota 8 (oito); três deram 7 (sete) e um deu nota 6 (seis). A formação de alunos, como leitores críticos de mapas, é importante para romper com a manipulação ou dominação que pode ser realizada por meio dos documentos cartográficos, fazendo com que os educandos se transformem em agentes pensadores do espaço.
Aerogamaespectrometria e suas aplicações no mapeamento geológico
Authors: Ribeiro Vanessa Biondo , Mantovani Marta , Louro Vinicius Hector Abud
Published: July 2017

O aumento substancial de informações geológicas nos últimos anos contribuiu muito para o conhecimento do potencial mineral do Brasil. Entretanto, ainda há muito a ser estudado. A geofísica, especialmente baseada em métodos potenciais e gamaespectrométricos, tem grande aplicabilidade na delimitação de estruturas geotectônicas e na localização de alvos exploratórios minerais. Neste trabalho focalizamos a interpretação da emissão de radiação gama natural detectada na superfície associada aos principais radioelementos. Para tal, apresentamos uma descrição das características do aerolevantamento e das correções realizadas. A interpretação de dados gamaespectrométricos permite caracterizar regiões com unidades litológicas indivisas, detectar a presença de intrusões ígneas aflorantes, elementos hidrográficos, alteração hidrotermal e/ou intensos processos erosivos, contribuindo significativamente para o entendimento de uma região. Para ilustrar a contribui- ção, apresentamos como estudos de caso a análise de dados da região do Batólito Granítico de Santa Helena (MT) e do Complexo Alcalino-Carbonatítico de Tapira (MG).
A concepção sobre “natureza” e “meio ambiente” para distintos atores sociais
Authors: Santos Joseane Aparecida Euclides dos , Imbernon Rosely Aparecida Liguori
Published: July 2017

Neste trabalho buscou-se identificar a construção e significados de “Natureza” e “Meio ambiente” apre­sentada por alunos ingressantes e graduandos do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências da Natureza (LCN) da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades - EACH/USP; participantes do projeto de extensão Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade (UNATI) da EACH/USP; alunos do curso preparatório para o vestibular da organização não governamental Educação e Cidadania para Afrodescendentes e Carentes (EDUCAFRO) e professores da rede pública de ensino do estado de São Paulo. A metodologia adotada consistiu em questionário dissertativo aplicado aos participantes. Os resultados indicam que não há consenso no tocante à significação da “natureza” e “meio ambiente”. Porém, notou-se que há uma forte tendência em associar “natureza” a ecossistemas naturais, numa percepção focada nas definições da ecologia, enquanto no caso de “meio ambiente” a percepção está focada no espaço, associando-o à vida urbana, à antroposfera.
Desenvolvimento de recursos didáticos para o ensino de geociências para a Banca das Ciências e Experimentoteca da EACH/USP
Authors: Garcia Caroline Bertocco , Imbernon Rosely Aparecida Liguori , Lacerda Ricardo Augusto V.
Published: July 2017

O presente trabalho abrange a importância da divulgação e popularização da Ciência com o uso de modelos didáticos que expressem os conteúdos de Geociências. A divulgação e popularização da Ciência tem como cenário a Banca da Ciência, um projeto ligado ao Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Recursos Didáticos em Ciência da Natu­reza, LABDID da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, EACH-USP. Foram utilizados materiais simples, como papel cartonado de caixa descartáveis, canudos para refrigerante, cola quente, copos de iogurte descartáveis etc. e atividades apresentadas em publicações científicas da área de ensino de Geociências e do site Geoideias, para compor o acervo da Banca da Ciência, assim como para ampliar o tema Geologia no acervo da Experimentoteca do LABDID. A acessibilidade dos materiais para a construção dos modelos foi vista como um meio para a popularização das Geociências, na qual a escolha de materiais reciclados e de baixo custo permitisse a reprodução e adaptação dos modelos.
O uso do calendário socioecológico na estruturação do currículo das escolas indígenas: uma proposta interdisciplinar e intercultural
Authors: Nunes Cleunice de Barros , Valadares Juarez Melgaço , Da Silveira Júnior Célio
Published: July 2017

Neste trabalho, analisamos a trajetória de um grupo de professores indígenas da etnia Xakriabá, que vivem no Norte de Minas Gerais, e que, nos últimos anos, tem se voltado para a incorporação e valorização da sua cultura no currículo de suas escolas. Como instrumento teórico-metodológico, esses professores têm se amparado no Calendário Socioecológico proposto por Gasché. A partir das entrevistas realizadas com dois professores, buscamos os limites e as possibilidades que vivenciaram ao longo desse processo: Que conteúdos construíram para o currículo, a partir do uso do calendário socioecológico? Que dificuldades encontraram? Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, procuramos apreender a dinâmica, a complexidade e o desenrolar da trama curricular na escola, a partir dos significados atribuídos por seus atores ao cumprimento da tarefa. Apoiados no referencial do francês René Kaës, buscamos os impasses vividos e as saídas encontradas pelos professores, de forma a aprofundar nosso conhecimento sobre a função social da escola para os povos indígenas. As respostas obtidas nos evidenciaram as dificuldades de se incorporar a “cultura indígena” em articulação com os saberes acadêmicos. Conclusões importantes sobre os desafios na implementação de experiências curriculares inovadoras são mencionadas, bem como são indicados alguns impactos para a formação docente.
Síndrome metabólico y grasa visceral en mujeres con un factor de riesgo cardiovascular
Authors: Soto Rodríguez Anxela , García Soidán José Luis , Arias Gómez Mª Jesús , Leirós Rodríguez Raquel , Del Álamo Alonso Alberto , Pérez Fernández Mª Reyes
Published: July 2017

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de muerte en las mujeres tras la menopausia, ya que después de esta etapa se producen profundos cambios metabólicos y hormonales que favorecen el desarrollo de síndrome metabólico. Un aumento en el porcentaje de la grasa visceral puede estar relacionado con la aparición de dicho síndrome. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre la grasa visceral y los parámetros del síndrome metabólico y determinar el punto de corte óptimo para las variables relacionadas con la obesidad, en mujeres con un factor de riesgo cardiovascular.Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en dos centros de salud urbanos de España. Se evaluaron 320 mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 45 y 60 años con hipertensión, diabetes mellitus y/o dislipemia. Se estudió la edad, actividad estrogénica, grasa visceral y grasa corporal medida a través de un dispositivo de bioimpedancia, índice de masa corporal, perímetro abdominal, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, triglicéridos, lipoproteínas de alta densidad, glucosa y presencia o no de síndrome metabólico.Resultados: Existe una correlación significativa entre la grasa visceral y todos los parámetros definitorios del síndrome metabólico (p<0,05). El punto de corte óptimo para las variables relacionadas con la obesidad fue: grasa visceral (8 kg), perímetro abdominal (93,5 cm), índice de masa corporal (26,9 kg/m2) y grasa corporal total (24,3 kg).Conclusiones: Mostraron mayor cantidad de grasa visceral las mujeres menopausicas. Se observa una asociación entre la grasa visceral y los parámetros que definen el síndrome metabólico. Sería recomendable realizar un estudio más complejo que estudiase la utilidad de la grasa visceral como posible parámetro de cribado en el síndrome metabólico.
Influencia del ejercicio físico durante el embarazo sobre el peso del recién nacido: un ensayo clínico aleatorizado.
Authors: Rodríguez-Blanque Raquel , Sánchez-García Juan Carlos , Sánchez-López Antonio Manuel , Mur-Villar Norma , Fernández-Castillo Rafael , Aguilar Cordero María José
Published: July 2017

IntroducciónLos últimos estudios han demostrado que la actividad física de la mujer embarazada aporta beneficios, no sólo para la madre, sino también para el feto, puesto que disminuye el número de recién nacidos macrosómicos y sus consecuencias negativas para los dos.Objetivo            Analizar la influencia de un programa de actividad física de carácter moderado en el medio acuático sobre el peso del recién nacido.Material y Métodos            Ensayo clínico aleatorizado con 140 mujeres gestantes sanas, con edades entre 21 y 43 años y divididas en dos grupos, Estudio (GE, n=70) y Control (GC, n=70).           Las mujeres fueron captadas a las 12 semanas de gestación en el control ecográfico del primer trimestre, en los distintos servicios de obstetricia de Granada. Se incorporaron al programa en la semana 20 de gestación y terminaron en la semana 37. Los resultados perinatales se obtuvieron del partograma de cada mujer, registrado en los Servicios de Paritorio del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada.Resultados La mediana del peso de los bebes de las gestantes que participaron en la intervención fue de 3.250 gramos, frente a la de los bebes del grupo control, que fue de 3.460; existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos (p=0,011). El 86.8% de los dos grupos presentaba pesos dentro de la normalidad clínica, esto es, entre 2.500 y 4.000 gramos.Las mujeres que siguieron el método SWEP durante el embarazo, tuvieron una ganancia ponderal de 8,28 kg, frente a las mujeres sedentarias que fue de 11,17 kg. Sin embargo, la tasa de bebés macrosómicos fue similar, por lo que no se presentan diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos (GC n=7, GE n=6).No hubo diferencias significativas en el tiempo de gestación entre ambos grupos, con una media de 279,70 (GC) y 280,09 (GE) (p-valor > 0,05).ConclusiónLa actividad física de carácter moderado en el medio acuático siguiendo la metodología SWEP no presenta riesgos de parto prematuro y no se altera el tiempo de gestación, con respecto a las mujeres sedentarias durante el embarazo.El ejercicio físico ha logrado una disminución significativa del peso del recién nacido y una menor ganancia ponderal durante el embarazo. Estos dos resultados no han sido determinantes para reducir la tasa de macrosomías en nuestro estudio.
Guías para el consumo de chocolate negro ¿Placer y salud cognitiva?
Authors: Martínez José Alfredo
Published: July 2017

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IMPACTO DE LA PASTEURIZACIÓN/LIOFILIZACIÓN EN EL CONTENIDO DISPONIBLE DE INMUNOGLOBULINAS EN LECHE HUMANA MADURA. ESTUDIO DE APLICACIÓN EN BANCOS DE LECHE HUMANA EN HOSPITALES
Authors: CASTRO ALBARRAN JORGE , NAVARRO HERNANDEZ ROSA ELENA , SOLIS PACHECO JOSUE , SALAZAR QUIÑONES ITZA CARMINA , MACIAS LOPEZ GRISELDA , BARRERA DE LEON JUAN CARLOS , AGUILAR USCANGA BLANCA ROSA
Published: July 2017

Introducción. Este estudio analiza el efecto sobre el contenido de inmunoglobulinas y complemento C3 de la liofilización posterior a la pasteurización por tres métodos diferentes en leche humana madura (LHM). Objetivo. La liofilización  es propuesta como método complementario para el mantenimiento de las propiedades terapéuticas de la LHM con mayor vigencia.Métodos. Estudio descriptivo en el que se obtuvieron muestras de LHM. Alícuotas de las muestras obtenidas se pasteurizaron por tres métodos: 62,5°C/30 minutos, 72°C/15 minutos 85°C/5 minutos, seguido de un enfriamiento rápido a 5°C. Después, volúmenes de 30 mL de muestra pasteurizada fueron liofilizados durante un periodo de 36 horas. La determinación de proteínas totales fue realizada por el método Lowry. Las concentraciones de inmunoglobulinas A, G y M, y el complemento C3, fueron determinadas por nefelometría convencional, siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante. La significancia estadística se definió como P <0,05.Resultados.  El método de pasteurización de LHM con mayor retención de proteína e inmunoglobulinas fue a la temperatura de 62,5°C, sin embargo, la pasteurización a 72°C antes de la liofilización mostro mayor retención de inmunoglobulinas.Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la liofilización de LHM pasteurizada es un método eficiente para la conservación en bancos de leche humana. Tanto la composición nutricional como la extensión de su vida útil, la aplicación de los dos procesos juntos proporcionan la ventaja de mantener las propiedades terapéuticas de la leche humana para mejorar la salud del recién nacido en estado vulnerable, desmedro o inmunosuprimido.
PENERAPAN DEMONSTRATION AND EXPERIMENT SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI DAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR SISWA MATA PELAJARAN PEKERJAAN DASAR KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN DI SMK NEGERI 2 SURAKARTA
Authors: Efendi Agus , Siswanto Budi
Published: July 2017

mengetahui efektivitas penerapan model pembelajaran aktif metode demonstration dan experiment dalam mata
pelajaran Pekerjaan Dasar Konstruksi Bangunan (PDKB) di SMK Negeri 2 Surakarta.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dan luaran dari penelitian ini adalah
memperbaiki proses pembelajaran dalam pelajaran PDKB di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 2 Surakarta
melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran aktif metode demonstration dan experiment.
Penelitian PTK ini dilakukan di SMK Negeri 2 Surakarta. Pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan kelas
dilaksanakan dalam waktu 6 bulan mulai bulan Mei sampai Oktober 2010. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah
peserta didik kelas X Teknik Gambar Bangunan (TGB) pada Tahun Pelajaran 2009/2010. Data dalam penelitian
ini diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara dan tes yang dilakukan terhadap peserta didik terhadap
pemahaman mata pelajaran Pekerjaan Dasar Konstruksi Bangunan (PDKB) melalui model pembelajaran aktif
metode demonstration dan experiment. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Pendidik dan peserta didik pada
mata pelajaran PDKB kelas X Teknik Gambar Bangunan (TGB) SMK Negeri 2 Surakarta sebagai kolaborasi
peneliti. Validitas data, dalam penelitian ini digunakan teknik triangulasi data. Teknik analisis data yang
digunakan adalah model analisis interaktif. Prosedur yang dilaksanakan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini
berlangsung sampai pada dua siklus dengan tahapan langkah mencakup 1) perencanaan tindakan , 2)
pelaksanaan tindakan, 3) observasi dan 4) refleksi.
Hasil penelitian tindakan kelas menunjukkan bahwa dengan penerapan metode demonstration and
experiment pada mata pelajaran PDKB, dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan peningkatan ketuntasan
belajar peserta didik dari 67,65% (siklus I) menjadi 85,30%(siklus II), Selain itu dengan penerapan metode
demonstration dan experiment pada mata pelajaran PDKB dapat meningkatkan keaktifan peserta didik kelas X
Teknik Gambar Bangunan (TGB).