bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographics as Variables in Assessing the Study Habits of High School Students in a Catholic School
Authors: Fernandez Judy N. , Magallanes Celo I.
Published: March 2021

Study habits and skills differ from one person to another. Effective study habits are instrumental for students to gain mastery of a topic learned and ensure good academic performance. Study habits that students employ to cope with their lessons are ways, techniques, and learning styles which may include, but not limited to, time management or the number of hours spent studying their lessons and making assignments; study environment, test-taking skills which include students’ readiness or preparedness in taking tests; note-taking skills or student’s efficiency in taking down notes during class hours or while reading; reading skills which are the student’s ability to understand and comprehend lessons, tests, and reading materials; writing skills or the ability to observe correct grammar and to write effectively; and math skills or the facility and ease in solving math problems. With the advancement of technology, students nowadays engage themselves more in gadgets and spend more time in electronic media and social media; thus, students' study habits are slowly deteriorating when it comes to frequency and quality. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the level of study habits in relation to selected demographics of high school students in a Catholic School in Antique during the school year 2019-2020. Likewise, it measured the relationship between the demographic variables and their extent of study habits and determined which areas predict the students' study habits.
ABORDAGEM PADRÃO DAS FALÁCIAS: ENTRE HAMBLIN E HANSEN
Authors: Neto Alípio José Viana Pereira
Published: March 2021

O filósofo Charles L. Hamblin afirmou que até a publicação de sua obra, Fallacies (1970), todas as abordagens sobre as falácias não desenvolviam bem o tema e se limitavam a uma tratamento superficial, o que incluía um conceito ruim, pouco rigoroso. De outro lado, o filósofo Hans V. Hansen (2002), após extensa pesquisa, afirmou que a crítica de Hamblin é impertinente pois, em verdade, pouquíssimos autores adotavam a definição por ele criticada. Sendo assim, o presente artigo pretende analisar esse confronto de ideias entre Hamblin e Hansen como uma forma de discutir se há, de fato, uma abordagem padrão e, em caso positivo, se ela é satisfatória e em que medida. Esse debate é importante para nós porque reflete a necessidade de um melhor desenvolvimento para o tema das falácias.
UM ENSAIO SOBRE AS CONEXÕES ENTRE A FILOSOFIA DA LINGUAGEM ORDINÁRIA E PERSPECTIVAS DA ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO.
Authors: Pinto de Brito Rodrigo , Fortes Fábio
Published: March 2021

Resumo:

Tomando por ponto de partida as filosofias de J. L. Austin e do segundo Wittgenstein, tentamos demonstrar como alguns dos seus conceitos ecoam sobre a análise do discurso. Para tal, primeiramente investigamos como estes filósofos erigiram seus conceitos, em seguida nos deteremos sobre o pano de fundo para a “virada linguística”, finalizando com as principais semelhanças entre suas abordagens e as abordagens propostas pela AD.

Palavras-chave:

Virada linguística; filosofia da linguagem ordinária; análise do discurso.
PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU DI SMP-IT AMANAH KOTA SUNGAI PENUH
Authors: Al sunah M Dhany Dhany
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the Principal Leadership Role in Efforts to Improve PerformanceTeachers In Junior-IT Amanah River City Full. Formulation of the problem in this research is how the Principal Leadership Role In Improving Teacher Working At SMP-IT Amanah River City Full. In Leadership Role Principal then it must be based on indicators Role of Leadership Principal: (1). Principal As Edukatot, (2). Principal As a manager, (3). As Principal Administrator, (4).Principal As Supervisor, (5). Principal As a Leader, (6). Principal For Innovators, (7). Principal As a motivator. From these results it is suggested: (1). Principal in order to understand the condition of the teacher well, has the ability to take decisions that are participatory, and has the ability to communicate well so intertwined harmonious cooperation between principals and teachers. (2). Principal should have a firmness in the dilakkan sanctions by the teacher if there is a violation of school rules that have been set together, such as in the case of late in attendance that do not fit the specified order. (3). Principal should be able to provide motivation to teachers so motivated to improve performance. In the form of awards either praise or reward, such as the election of an exemplary teacher. (4). Principal should have a strategy in developing innovative learning models such as moving class, and anaccelerated program.
MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU MELALUI BIMBINGAN BERKELANJUTAN DALAM MENYUSUN RENCANA PROGRAM PEMBELAJARAN HARIAN DI TK NEGERI PEMBINA II KECAMATAN TUNGKAL ILIR
Authors: Waty Nila
Published: March 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran melalui bimbingan berkelanjutan di sekolah tempat peneliti bekerja. Pada siklus pertama semua guru  mencantumkan penilaian hasil belajar dalam RKH-nya meskipun sub-sub komponennya (teknik, bentuk instrumen), dan pedoman penskoran. Jika dipersentasekan, 62,50%. satu orang  mendapat skor 2 (cukup baik), dan satu orang mendapat skor 3 (baik). Pada siklus kedua semua guru tersebut mencantumkan penilaian hasil belajar dalam RKH-nya meskipun ada guru yang masih keliru dalam menentukan teknik dan bentuk penilaiannya. Satu  orang mendapat skor 3 (baik) dan satu orang mendapat skor 4 (sangat baik). Jika dipersentasekan, 87,50%, terjadi peningkatan 12,50% dari siklus I. Oleh karen itu dari penelitian ini di harapkan perlu adanya pembinaan kepada guru dalam penyusunan RKH, RKM dan perangkat administrasi pembelajaran lainnya. Sehingga dengan adanya pembinaan tersebut guru-guru semakin lebih kompeten dalam menyusun administrasi pembelajarannya.
La diligencia policial de valoración del riesgo de violencia de género en el sistema Viogén
Authors: Sánchez López Bárbara
Published: March 2021

El objeto de esta comunicación es la poco conocida diligencia de valoración del riesgo de violencia de género y su implementación en España a través del sistema VdG o Viogén, cuyo desarrollo ha terminado configurando medidas policiales autónomas de protección de la víctima que pueden determinar el futuro de la valoración individual que el Estatuto de la Víctima de Delito, por exigencias de la Directiva 2012/29/UE, ha generalizado a toda clase de delitos violentos.
El compromiso de la ejecución de la pena o medida privativa de libertad como condición para denegar una orden europea de detención y entrega en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea
Authors: Cedeño Hernán Marina
Published: March 2021

El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea ha delimitado las condiciones que han de concurrir para denegar la ejecución de una orden europea de detención y entrega con base en la nacionalidad o residencia de la persona reclamada. Entre esas condiciones resulta especialmente problemática la relativa al compromiso de la ejecución de la pena o medida privativa de libertad que ha de asumir el Estado en caso de que deniegue la entrega de la persona reclamada. En este artículo se ponen de manifiesto las dificultades que en muchos casos se plantean a la hora de cumplir el compromiso de la ejecución y, en particular, en el ordenamiento español ante la diversidad de procedimientos y de autoridades competentes para decidir sobre la orden europea de detención y entrega y sobre la ejecución de penas o medidas privativas de libertad impuestas en otro Estado de la Unión.
El concepto de Märchen (cuento maravilloso) en la obra temprana de György Lukács
Authors: Chicote Francisco Garcia
Published: March 2021

Se parte aquí del presupuesto de que la categoría de Märchen (cuento maravilloso) ofrece una clave de acceso al intrincado pensamiento temprano de György Lukács. La perspectiva ilumina en efecto toda una problemática normalmente desatendida: el intento, por parte del joven filósofo, de superar el estricto dualismo del incipiente pensamiento sociológico alemán y de probar intelectualmente la posibilidad de una existencia digna. Esto no solo enfrenta al Märchen con el ethos de la tragedia en el temprano concepto lukácsiano de género literario; también lo convierte en una suerte de “piedra de toque” en la búsqueda de formas de la literatura que presupongan una relación sujeto-objeto de condicionamiento recíproco y, además, en una herramienta para un programa pedagógico revolucionario.
Art. 81 Wet RO: de stand van zaken
Authors: van Malssen Tom , van Schaijk Coen
Published: March 2021

Art. 81 Wet RO: de stand van zaken

Deze bijdrage brengt de huidige art. 81 Wet RO-toepassingspraktijk van de civiele kamer van de Hoge Raad in kaart, mede tegen de achtergrond van de invoering van art. 80a Wet RO en de gespecialiseerde cassatiebalie in 2012. De bijdrage signaleert enkele verschuivingen in het type 81-zaken, de wijze waarop het parket in 81-zaken concludeert en de samenstelling waarin de Hoge Raad de zaken afdoet. Deels laten deze verschuivingen zich op het conto schrijven van de Wet versterking cassatierechtspraak, maar deels zouden zij hun oorzaak ook elders kunnen vinden, bijvoorbeeld in de zelfverklaarde focus van de Hoge Raad op rechtsvorming.
Necesidades en familiares de pacientes críticos de una institución de IV nivel en Montería, Colombia
Authors: Herrera Herrera Jorge Luis , Llorente Pérez Yolima Judith , Suarez Mendoza Sadith José , Oyola López Edinson
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Determinar las necesidades en familiares de pacientes críticos de una institución de IV nivel en Montería, Colombia.Metodología: Investigación descriptiva, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Para la recolección de la información se aplicó el Cuestionario de Necesidades de los Familiares de Pacientes de Cuidados Intensivos y una cédula de datos sociodemográficos.Resultados: Las necesidades que se determinaron fueron la información sincera respecto al estado y progreso del paciente y recibir explicación del equipamiento que está utilizándose. La dimensión que presentó mayores necesidades fue la de comunicación.Conclusiones: El familiar de una persona ingresada en un servicio de cuidado intensivo debe ser tomado en cuenta en el proceso de atención.

Objective: To determine the needs in relatives of critically ill patients of an IV level institution in Montería, Colombia.Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach. For the collection of information, the Questionnaire of Needs of the Relatives of Intensive Care Patients and a sociodemographic data card were applied.Results: The needs that were determined were honest information regarding the state and progress of the patient and receive an explanation of the equipment being used. The dimension that presented the greatest needs was that of communication.Conclusions: The family of a person admitted to an intensive care service should be taken into account in the care process.
THE COST OF TRANSPORT (COT) OF A HIGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY HYBRID ROBOT
Authors: LÓPEZ LOMBRAÑA FRANCISCO JAVIER , GONZALEZ RODRIGUEZ ANGEL GASPAR , GONZALEZ RODRIGUEZ ANTONIO , RODRIGUEZ ROSA DAVID , RUBIO GOMEZ GUILLERMO
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The cost of transport is one of the most important values to the efficiency and operation autonomy of a walking robot. This analysis involves factors as the weight, consumption of the actuators, speeds, accelerations, work surfaces, step cycle model or distance travelled, which must be studied in detail to produce stable and energy-efficient locomotion. This paper presents the results obtained for the cost of transport of a hybrid robot with two front legs and two rear wheels, with a total weight of 50 kg in different scenarios. Methodology/approach - The transportation cost of the proposed hybrid robot is obtained by carrying out a detailed analysis of the kinematics, dynamics, stability and energy consumption. Findings - A satisfactory value of efficiency has been obtained, in terms of cost of transport, owing to a gravitationally decoupled design of the legs. The cost of transport of the robot proposed is between 0.11 and 0.24, depending on the work environment in which it operates, that is, walking on a smooth horizontal plane without additional load. Originality/value – This work presents a new design of a gravitationally decoupled robotic leg by means of a new scheme in which the leg is composed of three four-bar mechanisms that can be synthesized independently. These three mechanisms involve frontal and vertical movement within the same plane of movement. One mechanism generates a horizontal path for tow, while another generates a vertical path and a third has the specific mission of making the tow velocity constant when the corresponding motor is operated at a constant velocity. The overall goal of the mechanisms is to improve robot's efficiency.

Key Words: Cost of transport, gravitationally uncoupled motion, energy efficiency, experimental validation, hybrid robot.
Les mineurs non accompagnés : des destins individuels qui interrogent le politique
Authors: Radjack Rahmeth , Touhami Fatima , El Husseini Mayssa , Bernichi Asmaa , Mouchenik Yoram , Minassian Sevan , Moro Marie Rose
Published: March 2021

ObjectifsÀ travers la description et la discussion d’une situation d’un jeune isolé étranger d’origine marocaine venu seul en France à 17 ans, nous transmettons des éléments de compréhension et des outils transculturels pour faciliter l’émergence d’un récit et d’un lien de confiance avec les professionnels qui l’accompagnent. Une créativité s’impose dans la prise en charge des jeunes isolés étrangers, car la famille est à distance, et les obstacles à la mise en place d’un lien de confiance dans l’accompagnement éducatif sont nombreux (liés aux expériences du passé et aux traumatismes psychiques).

MéthodeNous décrivons un dispositif d’accueil transculturel adapté à ces jeunes, qui se base sur le principe de narrativité en utilisant divers supports de narration et de médiation (objets,circle test, médiateurs-interprètes, propositions transculturelles). Nous favorisons ainsi l’émergence d’un récit biographique initialement difficile d’accès face au statut particulier de la parole dans ce contexte.

RésultatsLa discussion se fait sous 3 angles : anthropologique avec un éclairage sur la situation spécifique des harraga qui sont des jeunes en errance à la fois psychique et physique, l’angle politique, et la clinique du psychotraumatisme. Sur le plan du travail éducatif, la mise en valeur et l’approfondissement des compétences transculturelles des professionnels permettent de pallier un sentiment d’épuisement ou d’échec, et à terme, mieux accompagner ces jeunes. Les modalités d’accueil et nos manières de les soigner interrogent notre relation à l’autre, à nous-mêmes, au lien social et au politique.

ConclusionUne approche transculturelle peut aider le jeune à renouer un processus de construction identitaire loin de ses repères, en pleine période d’adolescence. Cela suppose de retrouver une cohérence dans le parcours des jeunes malgré la rupture de la migration, souvent réactivée par de nouvelles séparations lors des changements réguliers de lieux de vie. Les jeunes isolés étrangers ont la possibilité, dans le cadre de ce dispositif, de montrer une juste représentation d’eux-mêmes, d’élaborer des récits qui échappent aux représentations préconçues liées à leur statut et de construire leurs destins individuels.
Red Alumni CIC
Authors: Martínez Martínez Silvia , Montaña Blasco Mireia , Estanyol i Casals Elisenda , Ollé Candela , Armora Alejandra
Published: March 2021

El próximo 6 de febrero los Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y de la Comunicación harán el acto de presentación del Grupo Alumni CIC de la UOC. Lo hemos creado con la voluntad de propiciar la red de nuestros graduados, de organizar actividades de interés para la comunidad de información y comunicación y, en definitiva, de ser un espacio de encuentro y referencia para los ex alumnos.
La lucha por la cuarta S del 'content curator'
Authors: Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: March 2021

Éste es el tercer artículo que publicamos en COMeIN sobre el content curator. En el anterior anunciamos que a finales del año pasado se publicaría el primer libro en español sobre content curation, escrito por Javier Guallar y Javier Leiva. Y así ha sido. El libro lleva en el mercado cuatro meses y los debates derivados no se han hecho esperar. En este artículo haremos referencia a uno bien reciente que se ha publicado en la página del Grupo ThinkEPI.
'Open Science': la ciencia será abierta o...
Authors: López-Borrull Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Evidentemente, el final de la frase sería el que están pensando. Pero, por si acaso el futuro no se dibuja finalmente así, siempre podría decir que yo no lo afirmé de forma vehemente. Pero lo pienso. Open Science, o Ciencia Abierta como paradigma. Considerémoslo.
Animaladas (comunicativas)
Authors: Lalueza Ferran
Published: March 2021

La comunicación corporativa nunca ha estado exenta de barbaridades, pero hoy en día las redes sociales las detectan y amplifican casi al instante. Es el caso de una multinacional de la cosmética animal friendly que ha contratado como imagen de marca a una joven aficionada a la caza o de la ONG que ha querido combatir el hambre infantil mediante un spot en el que un niño de color es tratado como un perrito. Dos animaladas comunicativas, sí, pero aleccionadoras.
Clicactivismo
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: March 2021

¿Qué tienen en común Bill Gates, Lady Gaga, George Bush y el chico de la tienda de bicicletas? Pues que son algunos de los miles de famosos y perfectos desconocidos que se han filmado vertiendo un cubo de agua helada sobre ellos mismos para luego compartir la hazaña en las redes sociales. Bienvenidos a la era del clicactivismo...
De buzzword, hypes y otras ideas que suenan con fuerza
Authors: San Cornelio Gemma
Published: March 2021

El contexto de la comunicación digital, y especialmente Internet, nos ha aportado, entre otras cosas, un buen número de neologismos y términos -quizá no tan nuevos- que vamos asumiendo con cierta avidez en nuestra investigación. No lo voy a negar: a los académicos nos gusta explorar y exprimir estos buzzword (términos o palabras de moda que buscan impresionar) mientras, simultáneamente, entran en circulación en el mundo profesional a través de los consultores formados en las escuelas de negocios que los llevan a las empresas, con el fin de aplicarlas a su modus operandi. Así pues, muchas de estas ideas se convierten en omnipresentes porque reflejan cuestiones tanto de orden social como económico, por lo que su adopción por parte de las instituciones -en el medio plazo- se acaba convirtiendo en un imperativo a la hora de generar políticas en relación a los temas en cuestión. Sólo el tiempo confirmará si estas ideas eran acertadas o simplemente hypes (exageraciones y conceptos sobredimensionados).
Homeostatic responses and growth of Leymus chinensis under incrementally increasing saline-alkali stress
Authors: Li Shujie , Huang Yujin , Li Yuefen
Published: March 2021

Despite considerable tolerance to salt and alkali stress, Leymus chinensis populations on the southwestern Songnen Plain in northern China are threatened by increasing soil salinity and alkalinity. To explore the species’ responses to saline-alkali stress, we grew it in substrates with varying concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) while applying varying levels of saline-alkali stress (increasing in 14-, 17- or 23 -day intervals). We measured the plants’ contents of N and P, and the N:P ratio, and calculated their homeostasis indices (HN, HP and HN:P) under each nutrient and saline-alkali stress treatment. The N content was found to be more sensitive to saline-alkali stress than the P content. The N and P contents were highest and the N:P ratio was stable at pH 8.4. At both pH 8.1 and 8.4, HN:P> HN > HP, but the indices and their relations differed at other pH values. Exposure to saline-alkali stress for the 14-day incremental interval had weaker effects on the plants. Rapid changes in salinity-alkalinity weakened both the positive effects of the weakly alkaline conditions (pH 7.5–8.4) and the negative effects of more strongly alkaline conditions (pH 8.7 or 9.3) on L. chinensis. When L. chinensis plants lack N, applying N fertilizer will be extremely efficient. The optimal concentrations of N and P appeared to be 16 and 1.2 mmol/L, respectively. When the L. chinensis plants were N- and P-limited, the specific growth rate correlated positively with N:P, when limited by N it correlated positively with the environmental N concentration, and when limited by P it was weakly positively correlated with the environmental P concentration.
Temperate southern Australian coastal waters are characterised by surprisingly high rates of nitrogen fixation and diversity of diazotrophs
Authors: Messer Lauren F. , Brown Mark V. , Van Ruth Paul D. , Doubell Mark , Seymour Justin R.
Published: March 2021

Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation is one mechanism by which specific microorganisms (diazotrophs) can ameliorate nitrogen (N) limitation. Historically, rates of N2 fixation were believed to be limited outside of the low nutrient tropical and subtropical open ocean; however, emerging evidence suggests that N2 fixation is also a significant process within temperate coastal waters. Using a combination of amplicon sequencing, targeting the nitrogenase reductase gene (nifH), quantitative nifH PCR, and 15N2 stable isotope tracer experiments, we investigated spatial patterns of diazotroph assemblage structure and N2 fixation rates within the temperate coastal waters of southern Australia during Austral autumn and summer. Relative to previous studies in open ocean environments, including tropical northern Australia, and tropical and temperate estuaries, our results indicate that high rates of N2 fixation (10–64 nmol L−1 d−1) can occur within the large inverse estuary Spencer Gulf, while comparatively low rates of N2 fixation (2 nmol L−1 d−1) were observed in the adjacent continental shelf waters. Across the dataset, low concentrations of NO3/NO2 were significantly correlated with the highest N2 fixation rates, suggesting that N2 fixation could be an important source of new N in the region as dissolved inorganic N concentrations are typically limiting. Overall, the underlying diazotrophic community was dominated by nifH sequences from Cluster 1 unicellular cyanobacteria of the UCYN-A clade, as well as non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs related to Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Cluster 3 sulfate-reducing deltaproteobacteria. Diazotroph community composition was significantly influenced by salinity and SiO4 concentrations, reflecting the transition from UCYN-A-dominated assemblages in the continental shelf waters, to Cluster 3-dominated assemblages in the hypersaline waters of the inverse estuary. Diverse, transitional diazotrophic communities, comprised of a mixture of UCYN-A and putative heterotrophic bacteria, were observed at the mouth and southern edge of Spencer Gulf, where the highest N2 fixation rates were observed. In contrast to observations in other environments, no seasonal patterns in N2 fixation rates and diazotroph community structure were apparent. Collectively, our findings are consistent with the emerging view that N2 fixation within temperate coastal waters is a previously overlooked dynamic and potentially important component of the marine N cycle.
Estimating the national and regional prevalence of drinking or eating more than usual during childhood diarrhea in Malawi using the bivariate sample selection copula regression
Authors: Ngwira Alfred , Chamera Francisco , Soko Matrina Mpeketula
Published: March 2021

Background

Estimation of prevalence of feeding practices during diarrhea using conventional imputation methods may be biased as these methods apply to observed factors and in this study, feeding practice status was unobserved for those without diarrhea. The study aimed at re-estimating the prevalence of feeding practices using the bivariate sample selection model.

Methods

The study used 2015–2016 Malawi demographic health survey (MDHS) data which had 16,246 children records who had diarrhea or not. A bivariate Joe copula regression model with 90 degrees rotation was fitted to either drinking or eating more, with diarrhea as a sample selection outcome in the bivariate models. The prevalence of drinking more than usual and prevalence of eating more than usual were then estimated based on the fitted bivariate model. These prevalences were then compared to the prevalences estimated using the conventional imputation method.

Results

There was a substantial increase in the re-estimated national prevalence of drinking more fluids (40.0%, 95% CI [31.7–50.5]) or prevalence of eating more food (20.46%, 95% CI [9.87–38.55]) using the bivariate model as compared to the prevalences estimated by the conventional imputation method, that is, (28.9%, 95% CI [27.0–30.7]) and (13.1%, 95% CI [12.0–15.0]) respectively. The maps of the regional prevalences showed similar results where the prevalences estimated by the bivariate model were relatively higher than those estimated by the standard imputation method. The presence of diarrhea was somehow weakly negatively correlated with either drinking more fluids or eating more food.

Conclusion

The estimation of prevalence of drinking more fluids or eating more food during diarrhea should use bivariate modelling to model sample selection variable so as to minimize bias. The observed negative correlation between diarrhea presence and feeding practices implies that mothers should be encouraged to let their children drink more fluids or eat more food during diarrhea episode to avoid dehydration and malnutrition.
Prognostic Significance of Number of Lymph Nodes Harvested in Patients with Node Negative Antral Gastric Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Laparoscopic Curative Resection
Authors: Mercan Ümit , Eren Ogün , Yüksel Cemil , Demirci Salim
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The most important parameters affecting patient prognosis in gastric cancer are the T stage and regional lymph node invasion. Although it is known that lymph node positive patients have poor long-term survival and recurrence and metastasis rates are higher than patients with lymph node negative, recurrence and metastasis may also develop in lymph node negative patients. Studies have found that the most likely causes of this situation are mictometastases which cannot be detected in routine pathological examination and the inability to remove a sufficient number of lymph nodes. There is no clear consensus regarding the number of lymph nodes to be removed and there are very few studies in the literature on this subject. Aim: To determine the effect of the number of lymph nodes harvested in laparoscopically resected, lymph node negative, early stage antral gastric adenocarcinoma on patient prognosis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2015 to January 2020 in which 62 patients with pT1N0, pT2N0 and pT3N0 tumour located in gastric antrum were included. Distal gastrectomy, partial omentectomy and lymph node dissection were performed to all patients. The number of lymph nodes harvested were determined from pathology reports. The patients were divided into two groups according to the number of lymph nodes as below 15 or above 15 and clinicopathological variables and overall and disease-free survival rates were compared between these two groups. X2 or Fisher-Exact test and Student-T or Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparing clinicopathological variables and Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression model for survival analysis. All p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: It has been found that the mean overall survival in groups with lymph node removal ≥ and <15 was 55.07±2.28 (95% CI: 50.60 ~ 59.55) months and 34.80±4.26 (95% CI: 26.43 ~ 43.17) months and mean disease-free survival was 59.43±1.10 (95% CI: 57.26 ~ 61.59) months and 27.85±4.19 (95% CI: 19.63 ~ 36.07) months, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001, p=0.002). Conclusion: Present study concludes that removal of a minimum of 15 lymph nodes in radical gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy is effective on overall and disease-free survival, regardless of the T stage. In addition, removal of 15 or more lymph nodes can provide more accurate and appropriate staging and affect patients’ decision to be directed towards adjuvant therapy.
Clinical Presentation and Management of Mastalgia: A Cohort Study
Authors: Raghu TG
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Recurring mastalgia, non-cyclical mastalgia and non-specific extra-mammary pain are usually categorised as breast pain. Aim: To determine the most usual aetiology of mastalgia and its response to management modalities like topical Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), bromocriptine and danazol. Materials and Methods: This cohort study was conducted amongst 130 reproductive women within 21 years to 50 years of age group, with breast pain as a chief complaint, in the General Surgery Department from June 2004 to December 2005. General and local clinical assessment was performed as per the proforma. Patients’ past records associated with breast pain were noted in the Out Patient Department (OPD). Patients underwent a comprehensive quantifiable assessment. Patients with flagrant lumps in the breast and lumps discovered with ultrasound or mammography, underwent Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). Results: Amongst the total 130 patients, 41 (31.54%) were in age group of 21-30 years, 72 (55.38%) were in 31-40 years of age group and 17 (13.08%) were in 41-50 years of age group. The most frequent complaint was pain in the breast region which was seen in 92 patients comprising 70.77%, followed by pain with lump in 29 cases comprising 22.31 percent and pain with discharge in 9 patients comprising approximately 6.92%. Cyclic mastalgia was recorded in 22, 44 and 1 patients, non-cyclical mastalgia in 19, 27 and 6 patients and non-specific extra mammary pain in 0, 1 and 10 patients; in the age group of 21-30, 31-40 and 41-50 years respectively. Conclusion: From the present study it is concluded that danazol, followed by bromocriptine and topical NSAIDs were effective in management of mastalgia. Their advantages in relieving symptoms must be balanced against their potential for unfavourable consequences.
Delamination and Wrinkling of Flexible Conductive Polymer Thin Films
Authors: Xie Kaili , Glasser Alizée , Shinde Shekhar , Zhang Zaicheng , Rampnoux Jean‐Michel , Maali Abdelhamid , Cloutet Eric , Hadziioannou Georges , Kellay Hamid
Published: March 2021

Polymer based conductive and transparent thin films are an important class of functional materials at the heart of flexible organic electronic devices. These flexible films are prone to degradation and to mechanical instability leading to the formation of blisters, wrinkles, and cracks. This is detrimental to their use especially in the case of multilayer devices. Here, it is shown that a simple water or solvent drop deposited on such films gives rise to a buckling instability and the formation of several folds due to the tendency of these films to swell in contact with the solvent. A phase diagram of the instability portraying its domain of existence, and thus the means to inhibit it, is proposed. By depositing drops on such films and observing the instability, material parameters such as the elastic modulus of the thin films or their energy of adhesion to the substrate can be estimated reliably. Further, the instability can be harnessed to pattern surfaces at low cost giving rise to percolated and more conductive pathways in the conductive polymer films under scrutiny.
Snake‐Inspired, Nano‐Stepped Surface with Tunable Frictional Anisotropy Made from a Shape‐Memory Polymer for Unidirectional Transport of Microparticles
Authors: Wu Weibin , Guttmann Markus , Schneider Marc , Thelen Richard , Worgull Matthias , Gomard Guillaume , Hölscher Hendrik
Published: March 2021

The ventral scales of many snake species are decorated with oriented micro‐fibril structures featuring nano‐steps to achieve anisotropic friction for efficient locomotion. Here, a nano‐stepped surface with tunable frictional anisotropy inspired by this natural structure is presented. It is fabricated by replicating the micro‐fibril structure of the ventral scales of the Chinese cobra (Naja atra) into a thermo‐responsive shape‐memory polymer via hot embossing. The resulting smart surface transfers from a flat topography to a predefined structure of nano‐steps upon heating. During this recovery process, the nano‐steps grow out of the surfaces resulting in a surface with frictional anisotropy, which is characterized in situ by an atomic force microscopy. The desired frictional anisotropy can be customized by stopping the heating process before full recovery. The nano‐stepped surface is employed for the unidirectional transport of microscale particles through small random vibrations. Due to the frictional anisotropy, the microspheres drift unidirectionally (down the nano‐steps). Finally, dry self‐cleaning is demonstrated by the transportation of a pile of microparticles.
Evaporation‐Free Organic Solar Cells with High Efficiency Enabled by Dry and Nonimmersive Sintering Strategy
Authors: He Xinjun , Wang Yong , Zhang Lifu , Zhang Ruijia , Kim Jinwook , Wong Kam Sing , Chen Yiwang , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: March 2021

A solution‐processed top electrode is critical to unlock the full potential of all‐solution‐processed organic solar cells (OSCs) for practical applications. However, the enabled devices suffer from low efficiency (<12%) mainly because of the irreversible damages induced by the top‐electrode deposition process. Herein, a strategy of dry and nonimmersive sintering is demonstrated by introducing a hydrogen‐intercalated molybdenum oxide layer to sinter isolated Ag nanoparticles into the top electrode (all from solution process) with little influences/issues on underlying device structures. Fundamentally, it is unveiled that the intercalated hydrogen will bond with the amino group of the ligands around Ag nanoparticles, which promotes the exposed nanoparticles to merge along a certain crystal orientation (≈45°) and form a conductive electrode (8.6 Ω sq−1). Importantly, the sintered electrode offers 70% optical reflection in the 700–1050 nm wavelength region, which is essential to enhance the light absorption of high‐performance nonfullerene acceptors. Consequently, a record efficiency of 15% is achieved, driving all‐solution processed OSCs toward commercial applications.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Photonic Wires with Three Primary Color Emissions for Information Encryption
Authors: Yang Fei Fan , Li Chun Hong , Lv Wen Yi , Zhen Shu Jun , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: March 2021

DNA photonic wires (PWs) are a new type of photon delivery nanodevice and have attracted wide attention due to their excellent photon delivery ability via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) but are dramatically challenged in real applications. In this study, 7‐amino‐4‐methyl‐3‐coumarinylacetic acid is used as a donor, Texas Red is used as an acceptor, and acridine orange is used as a bridge to intercalate DNA to facilitate the homo‐FRET process, which leads to DNA PWs with high‐energy transfer efficiencies (≈0.9). Notably, the newly developed DNA PWs exhibit characteristic emissions in the three primary colors, which are successively adjusted by simply changing the extent of FRET to make over 36 subtypes of fluorescence emissions. This polychroism is further applied for information encryption with high efficiency, which is a new application for DNA PWs.
Tumor Microenvironment Triggered Cascade‐Activation Nanoplatform for Synergistic and Precise Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xin Fuli , Wu Ming , Cai Zhixiong , Zhang Xiaolong , Wei Zuwu , Liu Xiaolong , Liu Jingfeng
Published: March 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadliest malignancy cancers, which remains a major global health problem. At present, over 50% of patients with HCC have implemented systemic therapies, such as interventional therapy or local chemotherapy that are scarcely effective and induce serious side effects to the remaining normal liver, further limiting their clinical outcomes. Herein, a tumor microenvironment triggered cascade‐activation nanoplatform (A‐NPLap/TPZ) is prepared based on β‐lapachone (β‐Lap) and tirapazamine (TPZ) for the synergistic therapy of HCC. The A‐NPLap/TPZ exerts its targeting effect by binding to the receptor of tumor cells with an external aptamer. In the tumor microenvironment, the nanoplatform can realize H2O2‐triggered disassembly to release β‐Lap and TPZ. The released β‐Lap generates ROS to induce tumor cell apoptosis under the catalysis of the tumor cell over‐expressed NAD(P)H‐quinone oxidoreductase‐1 (NQO1) enzyme. In this process, oxygen is consumed to intensify tumor hypoxia, and eventually cascade activates TPZ to exert the anti‐tumor effect. The studies in vitro and in vivo consistently demonstrate that the as‐prepared A‐NPLap/TPZ nanoplatform possesses an excellent synergistic anti‐tumor effect. This design of nanoplatform with cascade activation effect provides a promising strategy for HCC treatment.
Ultrasensitive Chemodynamic Therapy: Bimetallic Peroxide Triggers High pH‐Activated, Synergistic Effect/H2O2 Self‐Supply‐Mediated Cascade Fenton Chemistry
Authors: Zhou Hao , Li Xiaowei , Niu Dechao , Li Yongsheng , Liu Xiaohang , Li Chengfeng , Si Weimeng , Cao Jun , Song Yuanda , Wen Guangwu , Niu Zhihui , Zhang Lijuan
Published: March 2021

Recently, nanoparticle‐triggered in situ catalytic Fenton/Fenton‐like reaction is widely explored for tumor‐specific chemodynamic therapy (CDT). However, despite the great potential of CDT in tumor treatment, insensitive response to the relatively high pH of the tumor sites and the insufficient intratumoral H2O2 level leads to limited efficiency of most Fenton/Fenton‐like reactions, which greatly imped its clinical conversion. This paper reports the fabrication of Fenton‐type bimetallic peroxides for ultrasensitive chemodynamic therapy with high pH‐activated, synergistic effect/H2O2 self‐supply‐mediated cascade Fenton chemistry for the first time. The observations reveal that these bimetallic peroxides exhibit an ultrasensitive acid‐activated decomposition‐mediated Fenton‐like reaction at the relatively high pH of 6.5–7.0, accompanied with highly increased •OH generation efficiency (especially, 40–60‐fold increase at pH 7.0) by the metal‐mediated synergistic effect‐enhanced Fenton chemistry as well as in situ self‐generated H2O2 supplement. Moreover, the bimetallic peroxides exhibit high tumor accumulation which along with a high‐efficiency tumor catalytic‐therapeutic with negligible side effects in vivo. Developing these novel bimetallic peroxides, together with the already demonstrated capacity of the key metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, etc.) for magnetic resonance imaging or photodynamic/immune‐enhanced therapy, will propel interest in development of smart high‐efficiency nanoplatform for cancer theranostics.
Manganese‐Dioxide‐Coating‐Instructed Plasmonic Modulation of Gold Nanorods for Activatable Duplex‐Imaging‐Guided NIR‐II Photothermal‐Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: He Ting , Jiang Chao , He Jin , Zhang Yifan , He Gang , Wu Jiayingzi , Lin Jing , Zhou Xin , Huang Peng
Published: March 2021

Nanotheranostic agents of gold nanomaterials in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window have attracted significant attention in cancer management, owing to the reduced background signal and deeper penetration depth in tissues. However, it is still challenging to modulate the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold nanomaterials from the first near‐infrared (NIR‐I) to NIR‐II region. Herein, a plasmonic modulation strategy of gold nanorods (GNRs) through manganese dioxide coating is developed for NIR‐II photoacoustic/magnetic resonance (MR) duplex‐imaging‐guided NIR‐II photothermal chemodynamic therapy. GNRs are coated with silica dioxide (SiO2) and then covered with magnesium dioxide (MnO2) to obtain the final product of GNR@SiO2@MnO2 (denoted as GSM). The LSPR peak of GNRs could be tuned by adjusting the thickness of the MnO2 layer. Theoretical simulations reveal that this plasmonic modulation is mainly due to the change of refraction index around the GNRs after coating with the MnO2 layer. Additionally, the MnO2 layer is demonstrated to degrade into Mn2+ ions in response to peroxide and acidic protons in the tumor microenvironment, which allows for MR imaging and chemodynamic therapy. This plasmonic modulation strategy can be adapted to other metal nanomaterials and the construction of a new class of NIR‐II nanotheranostics.
Multifunctional MOF‐Based Separator Materials for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yuan Ning , Sun Wenduo , Yang Jinlin , Gong Xinrui , Liu Ruiping
Published: March 2021

Despite the high theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh g−1, lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are still far away from wide commercialization due to the poor sulfur/Li2S electroconductivity and the polysulfides shuttle effect. In order to alleviate the active materials shuttling, separators in LSBs are required to guarantee the fast lithium‐ion transfer as well as the strong polysulfides immobilization. Therefore, various functional materials have been employed to modify the separator to achieve this goal. Among them, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with easy morphology design and high ionic or electronic conductivity have been widely investigated. This review summarizes the recent advances of MOF‐based interlayer for LSBs separator functionalization. Original MOFs, MOF derivatives, and MOF composites are included in this discussion. The mechanism of the enhancement of the electrochemical performance of each modified separator is explicated. Furthermore, the prospect of this promising area is provided.
Fabrication of Micro‐ and Nanopatterned Nafion Thin Films with Tunable Mechanical and Electrical Properties Using Thermal Evaporation‐Induced Capillary Force Lithography
Authors: Choi Jong Seob , Tsui Jonathan H. , Xu Fei , Lee Su Han , Sung Sang‐Keun , Lee Heon Joon , Wang Chao , Kim Hyung Jin , Kim Deok‐Ho
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a simple and facile method to fabricate micro‐ and nanopatterned Nafion thin films with tunable mechanical and electrical properties is reported. To achieve this, a novel thermal evaporation‐induced capillary force lithography method with a swelling process to obtain enhanced pattern fidelity in micro‐ and nanomolded Nafion films is combined. It is demonstrated that structural fidelity and mechanical properties of micro‐ and nanopatterned Nafion thin films can be modulated by changing fabrication parameters, such as swelling time, Nafion polymer concentration, and curing temperature. Interestingly, it is also found that impedance properties of micro‐ and nanopatterned Nafion thin films are associated with the Nafion polymer concentration and curing temperature. In particular, 20% Nafion thin films exhibit greater impedance stability and lower impedance values than 5% Nafion thin films at lower frequencies. Moreover, curing temperature‐specific impedance changes are observed. These results suggest that capillary lithography can be used to fabricate Nafion micro‐ and nanostructures with high pattern fidelity capable of modifying mechanical and electrical properties of Nafion thin films.
Atomic Structure of the Initial Nucleation Layer in Hexagonal Perovskite BaRuO3 Thin Films
Authors: Yoon Sangmoon , Ok Jong Mok , Lee Sang A , Lee Jegon , Huon Amanda , Lupini Andrew R. , Choi Woo Seok , Lee Ho Nyung
Published: March 2021

Hexagonal perovskites are an attractive family of materials due to their various polymorphs and rich structure–property relationships. BaRuO3 (BRO) is a prototypical hexagonal perovskite, in which the electromagnetic properties are significantly modified depending on its lattice structure. Whereas thin‐film synthesis would allow the study of the diverse properties of hexagonal perovskites by epitaxially stabilizing various metastable polymorphs, the epitaxial growth of hexagonal perovskites, especially at the initial growth stage, is yet to be addressed. In this study, it is shown that an intriguing nucleation behavior takes place during the initial stabilization of a hexagonal 9R BRO thin film deposited on a (111) SrTiO3 (STO) substrate. It is found that a nanoscale strained layer composed of different RuO6 octahedral stacking is initially formed at the interface followed by a relaxed single crystal 9R BRO thin film. Within the interface layer, hexagonal BRO is nucleated on the (111) STO substrate by both face‐ and corner‐sharing octahedra. More interestingly, it is found that boundaries between differently stacked nucleation layers (heterostructural boundaries) facilitate strain relaxation, in addition to the formation of conventional misfit dislocations evolved from homostructural boundaries. The observations reveal an important underlying mechanism to understand the thin‐film epitaxy and strain accommodation in hexagonal perovskites.
A Printable Thin Film‐Based Digital Peristaltic Sticker‐Pump for a Simple and Robust Integration into Microfluidics
Authors: Koirala Gyan Raj , Shrestha Kiran , Lim Hosub , Cho Gyoujin
Published: March 2021

A micropump is pivotal for routing and multiplexing fluids in microfluidic channels, especially for point‐of‐care diagnostic devices. In this regard, a simple and easily mountable micropump‐platform needs to be developed to expand the applications of microfluidic devices. Here, the sticker type‐peristaltic pump, called “sticker‐pump,” is developed by incorporating an array of biocompatible polymeric bimorph actuators. The sticker‐pump can be activated via digital input sequence to control the flow rate in response to the operating voltage and switching speed. Furthermore, the programmed digital sequence demonstrates the generation of pulsatile and continuous flows without any back pressure. The sticker‐pump is further studied through a systematic characterization to validate the working mechanism of one sticker‐pump (1‐bit) and the flow rates (3.77–36.90 µL min−1) attained by the combination of three sticker‐pumps (3‐bit) on microfluidics. Since the sticker‐pump is all solution‐processed, an inexpensive sticker‐pump can be manufactured by scalable printing technologies.
Low‐Symmetry and Nontoxic 2D SiP with Strong Polarization‐Sensitivity and Fast Photodetection
Authors: Zhao Shuqi , Luo Peng , Yang Sijie , Zhou Xing , Wang Ziming , Li Chunlong , Wang Shanpeng , Zhai Tianyou , Tao Xutang
Published: March 2021

The in‐plane anisotropic feature of 2D layered materials has captured enormous research interest due to their application in polarization‐sensitive photodetection. Here, silicon phosphide (SiP), as a novel member of group IV–V 2D materials, is first introduced to the anisotropic 2D materials family with a high in‐plane anisotropy. The low‐symmetry structure, optical and optoelectronic properties are investigated systematically. Impressively, the photodetectors based on 2D SiP demonstrate high performance with low dark current, a fast response speed of 30 µs, and a strong anisotropic photoresponse with an anisotropic factor of 2.9. Furthermore, a strong polarization‐sensitive photodetector with a dichroic ratio up to 2.3 is realized based on the intrinsic linear dichroism of 2D SiP. This work not only provides an insight into the in‐plane anisotropic properties of 2D SiP, but also sheds light on its great potentials in anisotropic optoelectronic applications.