bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personal Recovery With Bipolar Disorder: A Network Analysis
Authors: Glossop Zoe , Campbell Catriona , Ushakova Anastasia , Dodd Alyson , Jones Steven
Published: October 2024

Background

Personal recovery is valued by people with bipolar disorder (BD), yet its conceptualisation is unclear. Prior work conceptualising personal recovery has focussed on qualitative evidence or clinical factors without considering broader psychosocial factors. This study used a network analysis of Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire (BRQ) responses, aiming to identify (1) independent relationships between items to identify those most “central” to personal recovery and (2) how the relationships between items reflect themes of personal recovery.

Methods

The model was developed from BRQ responses (36 items) from 394 people diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The undirected network was based on a partial correlation matrix and was weighted. Strength scores were calculated for each node. Community detection analysis identified potential themes. The accuracy of the network was assessed using bootstrapping.

Results

Two consistent communities were identified: “Access to meaningful activity” and “Learning from experiences.” “I feel confident enough to get involved in things in life that interest me” was the strongest item, although the strength stability coefficient (0.36) suggested strength should be interpreted with caution. The average edge weight was 0.02; however, stronger edges were identified.

Limitations

The network showed low stability, possibly due to sample heterogeneity. Future work could incorporate demographic variables, such as time since BD diagnosis or stage of personal recovery, into network estimation.

Conclusions

Network analysis can be applied to personal recovery, not only clinical symptoms of BD. Clinical applications could include tailoring recovery‐focussed therapies towards encouraging important aspects of recovery, such as feeling confident to get involved with life.
First‐in‐Human Evaluation of Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Muscle Glycogen Lowering of a Novel Glycogen Synthase 1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Pompe Disease
Authors: Ullman Julie C. , Dick Ryan A. , Linzner Daniela , Minga Todd , Tep Samnang , Satterfield Terrence F. , Xi Yannan , Beattie David T. , Marmon Tonya , Neutel Joel M. , Chung Bernard , Leeds Janet M. , Noonberg Sarah B. , Green Eric M. , Bernstein Harold S.
Published: October 2024

Pompe disease is a rare glycogen storage disease caused by mutations in the enzyme acid α‐glucosidase (GAA) resulting in pathological accumulation of glycogen in muscle tissues leading to progressive weakness and respiratory dysfunction. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with GAA is currently the sole treatment option for patients with Pompe disease. ERT burdens patients with frequent intravenous infusions while insufficiently halting disease progression due to incomplete ERT skeletal muscle distribution. Glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) has been proposed as a substrate reduction therapy (SRT) target for Pompe disease. Here, we report results from the first‐in‐human study of the orally available GYS1 inhibitor MZE001 in healthy subjects. In 88 participants, MZE001 was well‐tolerated up to a single dose of 480 mg BID and multiple doses of 720 mg BID for 10 days. Noncompartmental analysis determined that the half‐life and Ctrough concentrations of MZE001 could provide efficacious exposures with once or twice daily oral dosing. Change from baseline of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) glycogen, which correlated with muscle glycogen levels in preclinical models, was significantly reduced dose‐dependently following 10 days of MZE001 treatment in healthy subjects. A muscle biopsy sub‐study demonstrated that 10 days of MZE001 (480 mg BID) dosing safely and substantially lowered muscle glycogen stores in healthy adults. This correlated with the PBMC exposure response and supports the use of PBMC glycogen reduction as a surrogate for muscle response, and MZE001 potential for development as the first oral substrate reduction therapy for patients with Pompe disease.
A Fast and Highly Stable Aqueous Calcium‐Ion Battery for Sustainable Energy Storage
Authors: Streng Raphael L. , Reiser Samuel , Wager Sabrina , Pommer Nykola , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: October 2024

Aqueous alkali‐ion batteries are gaining traction as a low‐cost, sustainable alternative to conventional organic lithium‐ion batteries. However, the rapid degradation of commonly used electrode materials, such as Prussian Blue Analogs and carbonyl‐based organic compounds, continues to challenge the economic viability of these devices. While stability issues can be addressed by employing highly concentrated water‐in‐salt electrolytes, this approach often requires expensive and, in many cases, fluorinated salts. Here, we show that replacing monovalent K+ ions with divalent Ca2+ ions in the electrolyte significantly enhances the stability of both a copper hexacyanoferrate cathode and a polyimide anode. These findings have direct implications for developing an optimized aqueous Ca‐ion battery that demonstrates exceptional fast‐charging capabilities and ultra‐long cycle life and points toward applying Ca‐based batteries for large‐scale energy storage.
Love thy neighbour: Feral buffalos show greater space use, resource overlap and encounters during the wet season in the Northern Territory
Authors: Pike Kyana N. , Perry Justin , Vanderduys Eric , Arnould John P. Y. , Hoskins Andrew
Published: October 2024

Managing feral water buffalo in the Northern Territory is a formidable challenge. As an introduced species, buffalo are associated with a myriad of biosecurity, economic, cultural and environmental issues ranging from overgrazing, decreased water quality, disease vectors to the destruction of cultural assets. Nevertheless, the buffalo are also a harvestable resource that can support economic development of the region. To mitigate some of the biosecurity, economic, cultural and environmental risks they pose and manage buffalo effectively, we need a detailed understanding of their spatial and behavioural ecology. However, several factors make understanding how best to manage the dense populations of wild individuals challenging as buffalo inhabit remote areas with limited infrastructure and accessibility and their large size and often aggressive nature can make them difficult to observe in otherwise inaccessible areas. GPS tracking allows for high‐frequency data collection and surveillance of individual buffalo. Here, we investigated how the different seasonal periods of a Northern Territory floodplain area shaped patterns of habitat use for 17 buffalo tracked over 16 months. We found in the dry season, buffalo space use is restricted, and the size of home ranges are significantly smaller than in the wet season. During the wet season, buffalo expand their home range area as well as their social encounter area with other buffalo. These differences in their space use and social patterns suggest that increased disease surveillance may be needed for the wet season when buffalo are more likely to share space and interact. During the dry season, however, buffalo movement is more predictable and restricted, suggesting greater optimisation opportunities for buffalo management. Results from these models can be used by land holders, Traditional Owners and wildlife managers to make evidence‐based decisions to improve buffalo management with respect to disease risk, sustainable harvest and damage to environmental and cultural assets.
Comparison of Foraging Strategies and Effects of the Wapiti and Siberian Roe Deer on Japanese Yew
Authors: Wang Xianzhe , Feng Jianan , Hong Yang , Du Hairong , Zhang Minghai
Published: October 2024

The foraging strategies of sympatric ungulates with similar ecological niches are important for understanding ecological niche differentiation, resource utilization, competition, and coexistence and for understanding the ecological impacts on plant communities in the ecosystem. The behavior of the wapiti (Cervus elaphus) and Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) foraging on Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) has affected its succession and renewal in the northeastern forests of China, which has become an urgent problem for the relevant departments. This study analyzed the foraging strategies of the wapiti and Siberian roe deer on Japanese yew from July 2021 to January 2024 using field investigations and infrared camera monitoring in the Muling National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province, China. It was found that the wapiti and Siberian roe deer have different foraging strategies in terms of time, space, and behavior. Temporally, they both preferred to forage for the saplings of the Japanese yew during the winter season, the degree of overlap in foraging rhythms was medium (Dhat1 = 0.67), and the diurnal foraging activity index (DRAI) of the wapiti was larger than that of the Siberian roe deer. Spatially, the suitable foraging habitat of the Siberian roe deer was twice that of the wapiti, and their overlap was low in the location and direction of saplings and the distance of the seed tree. Behaviorally, the foraging intensity of the wapiti was high, and that of Siberian roe deer was low. Foraging reduced the average primary branch height, number of new branches, and length of lateral branches of saplings, and the influence of the wapiti was significantly greater than that of the Siberian roe deer. This study provides a scientific basis for solving the conservation and management problems of the deer animals foraging on Japanese yew and contributes to further understanding of the competition‐coexistence mechanism of sympatric species.
Harmful Microalgae Exhibit Broad Environmental Adaptability in High‐Salinity Area Across the Dafengjiang River Estuary
Authors: Huang Jiongqing , Zhao Huaxian , Wang WeiJun , Qin Xinyi , Wang Pengbin , Hou Qinghua , Chen Qingxiang , Jiang Gonglingxia , Dong Ke , Jiang Tao , Pu Yang , Li Nan
Published: October 2024

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) often occur in estuaries due to their unique environmental heterogeneity, posing significant environmental and human health risks. However, there is limited understanding of the community composition and community‐level change points (thresholds) of harmful microalgae in subtropical estuaries. This study explored harmful microalgae community structure and thresholds in the Dafengjiang River estuary using a metabarcoding approach. The results revealed 63 harmful microalgae species, and major species included Guinardia flaccida, Prorocentrum cordatum, Thalassiosira punctigera, Pseudo‐nitzschia galaxiae and T. gravida. Nonparametric change‐point analysis and threshold indicator taxa analysis (TITAN) showed threshold responses of harmful microalgae community structure to ammonium (57.5–60 μg·L−1), total phosphorus (27.8–28.5 μg·L−1) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (14.5–28 μg·L−1) along the salinity gradient. Wider environmental thresholds were also found in hypersaline areas. Additionally, Pyrodinium bahamense, Pfiesteria piscicida, Skeletonema tropicum and T. punctigera were sensitive to environmental changes and thus could be used as bioindicators. Overall, our study unveiled diverse abrupt transitions of harmful microalgal communities, providing a risk assessment for human health and ecological safety in subtropical estuary ecosystems.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Dion–Jacobson Double‐Layered Perovskites A′SmNb2O7 (A′=Rb, K, Na, Li, H)
Authors: Krasheninnikova Olga , Syrov Egor , Sorokin Ilya , Smirnov Sergei , Titaev Dmitry
Published: October 2024

Dion‐Jacobson‐type layered perovskite compounds A′SmNb2O7 (A′=Rb, K, Na, Li, H) were synthesized using solid‐state and ion‐exchange methods. While the parent solid‐state product RbSmNb2O7, has previously been studied, the ion‐exchanged compounds were obtained and studied for the first time. The phase and chemical purity of the compounds were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The crystal structures of RbSmNb2O7 (I2 cm, a=0.54356(1) nm, b=0.53935(1) nm, c=2.1891(5) nm), KSmNb2O7 (I2 cm, a=0.53660(7) nm, b=0.54481(6) nm, c=2.1527(1) nm) and LiSmNb2O7 (B2 cm, a=0.54546(4) nm, b=0.53567(4) nm, c=2.04582(5) nm) were refined using the Rietveld method. Polyhedral distortions in these structures have been studied in detail. The thermal behavior of the compounds has been determined using differential thermal analysis (DTA), revealing that A′=Na, Li and H compounds are metastable hydrates, while A′=Rb and K compounds are stable. The optical band gap, valence band edge, and conduction band edge potentials of the compounds obtained were calculated using diffuse reflection spectroscopy data. A photocatalytic experiment was performed on the degradation of methylene blue under ultraviolet light. All of the samples obtained showed some asctivity in the reaction of dye photooxidation.
Photo‐Induced Difluoroethylation or Monofluoromethyl Sulfonylation of 2‐Amino Aryl Ethynes to Access Diverse Seven‐Membered N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Tian Yunfei , Zheng Luping , Guo Dongyu , Ding Xinping , Fu Weijun , Li Zejiang
Published: October 2024

A photo‐induced two/three‐component radical difluoroethylation or monofluoromethyl sulfonylation of 2‐amino aryl ethynes was smoothly finished, which gave a series of difluoroethyl or monofluoromethyl sulfonyl seven‐membered N‐heterocycles. The two radical systems featured simple/mild reaction conditions, good substrate scopes, and excellent E/Z selectivity. In addition, various radical intermediates were successfully detected by HRMS to explore the reaction process. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and scaled‐up experiments examined the product scaffold and application of this cyclization system.
Elemental Sulfur Promoted Cyclization of o‐Chloronitrobenzenes and Aryl Isothiocyanates to Furnish 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles
Authors: Nguyen Duyen K. , Pham Tran D. B. , Tran Giang T. H. , Nguyen Phong D. , Chau Truong K. , Ong Khanh T. N. , Nguyen Anh T. , Nguyen Tung T.
Published: October 2024

Methods to afford 2‐aminobenzothiazoles often involve the use of o‐aminothiophenols or aniline‐typed precursors. Herein we describe a method to furnish 2‐aminobenzothiazoles through the cyclization of o‐chloronitrobenzenes and aryl isothiocyanates with the assistance of elemental sulfur. From the perspective of step economy, our strategy allows for the direct use of nitroarene precursors without further reduction to anilines. The scope of the reaction with respect to both substrates was investigated, and it was found that electronic properties of the aryl isothiocyanate was important for obtaining acceptable yields.
Ambient Pressure Hydroformylation – A Key Step to Meso‐Alkyl BODIPYs
Authors: Miller Lukas , Bauer Felix , Breit Bernhard
Published: October 2024

Herein, a highly efficient five‐step reaction sequence to meso‐alkyl BODIPYs is presented. In our previous work, the hydroformylation of terminal alkenes was used to generate an aldehyde from an alkene via rhodium catalysis and use them in a subsequent tandem reaction to obtain BODIPY dyes. However, the use of higher pressures and therefore autoclaves as well as their necessary equipment might limit others to use this method. The refined approach in this work employs ambient pressure hydroformylation, done in a simple Schlenk tube and using a CO/H2 balloon, as key step towards an easier meso‐alkyl BODIPY synthesis. Additionally, the use of MTBE instead of chloroform as reaction solvent results in a greener approach. Readily available and easily synthesizable alkenes as well as different pyrrole building blocks can be used to extend the range of known alkyl‐BODIPYs. The synthesis of 23 derivatives with overall yields of up to 67 % demonstrates the wide applicability and advantages of the refined method.
Where are international students enrolling, and why?
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: October 2024

In 2023 I authored an article for this publication that listed the changes in international student mobility. Now, a year later, I would like to revisit this topic and share with you some of the new destinations attracting international students.
Disclosures 17: Internal decisions
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: October 2024

In past FERPA Doc columns, we discussed disclosures of education records to third parties outside one's own institution. I call these external disclosures. There are also internal disclosures. My personal experience tells me that these types of disclosures tend to be potentially more contentious than external disclosures.
“Girl Power”‐ing over obstacles: Montgomery College's Shinta Hernandez is embracing new challenges as online Dean
Authors: Arnett Autumn A.
Published: October 2024

In even a very short conversation with the new Dean of MC Online and Academic Support at Montgomery College MD, it is immediately clear that Shinta Hernandez isn’t the type to consider what she can’t do.
Recent ice‐contact delta formation in front of Pio XI glacier controls sedimentary processes in Eyre Fjord, Patagonia
Authors: Piret Loic , Bertrand Sebastien , Moffat Carlos , Feldens Peter , Papenmeier Svenja , Arz Helge
Published: October 2024

Pio XI Glacier (49°S) is the largest and one of the very few advancing glaciers in Patagonia. Satellite data indicate that the main glacier terminus transitioned from calving to land‐based around 2010, effectively resulting in the formation of an ice‐contact delta at the head of Eyre Fjord. Here, we investigate how this ice‐contact delta formation affected sediment transport processes in Eyre Fjord. Sediment cores and seismic profiles collected along the fjord provide evidence for a relatively abrupt increase in the number and magnitude of turbidity currents, coeval with the formation of the ice‐contact delta. This observation is supported by modern summer hydrographic observations and bathymetric data. We posit that the ice‐contact delta formation resulted in sediment input being concentrated at specific subaerial locations across the fjord head, which favoured the development of plume‐triggered turbidity currents. This suggests that a sudden increase in turbidite thickness in fjord sediment records could represent ice‐contact delta development at fjord heads.
Facile Synthesis of Colocasia esculenta Peels‐Derived Activated Carbon for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Ampong Daniel Nframah , Dzikunu Perseverance , Agyemang Frank Ofori , Aggrey Patrick , Nartey Martinson Addo , Pal Amit Kumar , Gikunoo Emmanuel , Andrews Anthony , Mensah‐Darkwa Kwadwo , Gupta Ram K.
Published: October 2024

Biomass and biowaste resources can be used to create self‐doped carbon with a distinctive microstructure. Using an economical and environmentally friendly method to create heteroatom‐doped carbon electrode materials with excellent electrochemical performance has attracted much attention in the energy storage industry. A novel facile two‐step, low‐cost, and eco‐friendly synthesis method for Colocasia esculenta peels has been developed to manufacture activated carbon (CEPAC) and used as an electrode material for supercapacitor application. The CEPAC 1:1 displayed a high specific surface area of 910 m2/g with oxygen‐heteroatom polar sites in the carbon network. A specific capacitance of 525.3 F/g was recorded in the three‐electrode system using a 3 M KOH solution. The assembled symmetric cell delivered an impressive specific capacitance of 98.7 F/g at 1 A/g while maintaining 98.4% of the initially recorded capacitance after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. These results present a promising low‐cost and simple processing route for synthesizing electrode materials with superior surface properties for high‐performance supercapacitors.
A Breakthrough in the Application of Simonkolleite in All‐Solid‐State Zn‐Graphite Battery
Authors: Hsiao Yi‐Fen , Hung Fei‐Yi , Zhao Jun‐Ren
Published: October 2024

To enhance the electrochemical performance of the Zn solid‐state battery, we introduce simonkolleite as a novel anode material. With oxygen vacancies on its surface, simonkolleite exhibits both electrical and chemical activity; these vacancies serve as n‐type donors, significantly improving the material's conductivity. In this research, simonkolleite is synthesized using a straightforward and cost‐effective method and employed as the anode. The all‐solid‐state Zn battery combines the simonkolleite anode, sodium silicate (SS) electrolyte, and graphite film (GF) cathode. Our battery configuration (simonkolleite/Ingot SS/GF) achieves a high 1280 mAh g−1 capacity and demonstrates improved cyclic stability. The large‐scale module battery can also power a motor‐fan unit for 1 h and 19 min.
Development of antioxidant‐rich curd fortified with encapsulated beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) peel extract powder
Authors: Pandey Surabhi , Singh Anurag
Published: October 2024

A curd with enhanced antioxidants was developed adding nanoencapsulated Beetroot Peel Extract Powder (BPEM) @ 1.0 % w/v of milk. Beetroot peel extract‐based powder was produced by the spray drying technique using maltodextrin and guar gum as coating agents. The prepared samples were tested for sensory characteristics, textural properties, antioxidant content, and proximate characteristics. The results show that the sensorial characteristics of the fortified curd were improved as compared to the control one. The incorporation of nanoencapsulated BPEM resulted in a softer and more delicate texture of the fortified curd (Hardness [N]: 195 ± 10.6) as compared to control (Hardness [N]: 335 ± 3.53). The physicochemical properties of antioxidant‐enhanced curd resulted in 87.4 ± 0.7% moisture, 2.2 ± 0.35% fat, 4.76 ± 0.04% protein, 14.6 ± 0.35% total solids, and 6.59 ± 0.10% carbohydrate. Furthermore, the addition of beetroot peel extract‐based powder showed a higher antioxidant (76.6 ± 0.72% DPPH inhibition) and phenolic content (85.7 ± 0.25 μg Gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/mL) in the developed curd as compared to the control (54 ± 0.66% DPPH inhibition and 59.9 ± 0.75 μg GAE/mL total phenolic content).
Mechanical Coupling Effect on Tide‐Induced Fluctuations in a Multilayer Aquifer System
Authors: Cuello Julián E. , Guarracino Luis
Published: October 2024

We present a new analytical solution to study the mechanical coupling on tidal‐induced head fluctuations in a coastal aquifer system. The conceptual model consists of two overlying confined units that extend infinitely under the sea. The proposed model assumes that the tidal fluctuations in the overlying aquifer are described by the classical equation derived by van der Kamp. For the underlying aquifer, a closed form analytical expression is derived by solving a boundary value problem that considers the loading effect produced by the overlying unit. The amplitude and phase lag of the underlying aquifer depend on both the specific storage and the thickness of the overlying unit. A parametric study shows that the mechanical coupling effect can be important for both large values of specific storage and thickness of the overlying aquifer.
Forest Dieback Alters Nutrient Pathways in a Temperate Headwater Catchment
Authors: Musolff Andreas , Tarasova Larisa , Rinke Karsten , Ledesma José L. J.
Published: October 2024

Forested headwater catchments ensure good water quality for downstream ecosystems and human consumption. Climate change and the exacerbating likelihood of extreme events elevate the risk of severe forest dieback. However, the effects of forest dieback on the quantity and quality of stream water are not fully understood. Here, we analyse high‐frequency observations of discharge, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3N) obtained before, during and after a drought‐induced forest dieback in a headwater stream in the German Harz Mountains. We focus on the characteristics of concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships at the scale of runoff events to assess the effects of forest dieback on the sources, mobilisation and pathways of EC, DOC and NO3N. When comparing pre‐ and post‐dieback conditions, we found a significant increase in runoff efficiency and a doubling of DOC loads exported from the catchment, while DOC concentrations increased only moderately and their C‐Q patterns did not change. EC exhibit no changes in concentrations but a steepening of C‐Q dilution patterns. We explain these findings with a dieback‐induced decrease in evapotranspiration, which leads to more intensive drainage of the upper organic soil layers in the riparian zone. In contrast, we observed a strong increase in NO3N concentrations and fluxes by a factor of ~5, while C‐Q patterns at the event scale changed from enrichment to dilution. We argue that the dieback led to an excess of NO3N on the hillslopes that connect to the stream via surficial flowpaths. In this way, NO3N bypasses the riparian zone, reducing the catchment's efficiency in attenuating this nutrient. Our study emphasises the pivotal role of riparian zones in mediating water quality in headwater streams. Different configurations of the riparian zone and its connection to the hillslopes and the stream network may be a missing piece in explaining differences in water quality responses of catchments to forest dieback.
Characteristics and outcomes of infants admitted to a parent–infant inpatient psychiatric unit: A pilot study
Authors: Hill Rebecca , Coventry Liz , Prior Meg
Published: October 2024

Inpatient parent–infant psychiatric units (PIUs) are considered “gold standard” for treating maternal mental illness, with well‐documented positive outcomes for mothers. However, little research addresses outcomes for infants in these units, who often face significant developmental and socio‐emotional adversity. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and progress of an Australian PIU population, focusing on the impact of PIU admission on infant outcomes. Over 3 months, 31 consecutively admitted mother–infant pairs (dyads) were assessed through interviews, observations, and standardized measures to evaluate maternal and infant characteristics and progress from admission to discharge. Maternal well‐being and the mother–infant relationship improved. Infants exhibited high levels of physical (29%) and developmental concerns (80.6%). 22.6% receiving an Axis I infant mental health diagnosis. Infant socio‐emotional responsiveness improved significantly, as measured by the modified Alarm‐Distress Baby Scale, indicating a positive impact of PIU admission. The small sample size and reliance on clinician‐observed measures limit the generalizability of the findings. PIU infants are particularly vulnerable, and PIU admission may ameliorate socio‐emotional responsiveness. Further research with larger samples and extended follow‐up is needed to determine the most effective intervention strategies during and after PIU admission to maximize benefits for these infants.
Optimization criteria for ordering myeloid neoplasm next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Gisriel Savanah D. , Howe John G. , Tormey Christopher A. , Torres Richard , Hager Karl M. , Rinder Henry M. , Siddon Alexa J.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Myeloid neoplasms (MNs) frequently harbor pathogenic mutations not detected by karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization; hence, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is necessary for diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy. If, however, NGS is not clinically indicated but still performed, the results may promote futile avenues of investigation, heighten patient distress, and increase cost.

Methods

We created criteria to approve NGS testing for MN (MN‐NGS) with the goal of maximizing actionable results. These actionable results include making a new MN diagnosis, characterizing a MN with baseline mutational status, and altering treatment plans. Approval criteria included clinical suspicion of new, relapsed, or worsening disease and end‐of‐induction chemotherapy. Cancellation criteria included the suspicion of non‐myeloid disease only, no suspicion of progression of a known MN, no evidence for recurrence post‐transplant, a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia, and cases using blood when a concurrent bone marrow NGS is being performed. We applied these criteria to NGS tests ordered at our institution between August and December 2018 and determined whether any tests meeting our cancelation criteria yielded actionable results.

Results

Consecutive MN‐NGS orders (n = 174) were retrospectively categorized as appropriate (Group A, n = 115), inappropriate (Group B, n = 29), and appropriately canceled (group C, n = 30). Seventy‐five of the 115 (65%) Group A tests and none of the 29 (0%) Group B tests yielded actionable results (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Approximately one third (59/174) of MN‐NGS test orders can be safely canceled using these criteria, which would result in $150,370 of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services‐reimbursed savings annually.
Natural course and outcomes of children with ubiquitin‐specific protease 53 (USP53)‐related genetic chronic cholestasis
Authors: Alam Seema , Lal Bikrant Bihari , Ravindranath Aathira , Bavdekar Ashish , Dheivamani Nirmala , Snehavardhan Pandey , Shah Aashay , Tripathi Parijat Ram , Nagral Aabha , Srikanth K. P. , Shah Ira , Ramakrishna Somashekara Hosaagrahara , Suchismita Arya , Waikar Yogesh , Shah Vaibhav , Nalwalla Zahabiya , Kumar Karunesh , Maria Arjun , Sibal Anupam , Sivaramakrishnan Viswanathan M. , Wadhwa Nishant , Ashritha A. , Sood Vikrant , Khanna Rajeev ,   Indian PFIC Registry
Published: October 2024

Ubiquitin‐specific protease 53 (USP53) is essential for formation of cellular tight junctions and variations in this gene disrupt the tight junctions, resulting in cholestasis. We describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with USP53 mutations from the Indian progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis registry. All 29 patients who harbored mutations in the USP53 gene either in the homozygous, compound heterozygous, or heterozygous state and presented with cholestasis were included. USP53 variants related to cholestasis had good outcomes, with native liver survival in 82.7%, whereas 17.3% required liver transplantation. Jaundice developed in 93% and within 3 months of age in 48.8%. Jaundice resolved in 21 (72.4%). Pruritus 76% at a median age of 7 months (severe in 10/22, 45% and refractory to medical therapy in 4, 18.1%). Majority of them (82.7%) had biallelic mutations. Protein‐truncating mutations were present in 20 (69%) and missense mutations in 9 (31%). No correlation was found between the genotype and the outcome.
Effects of arabinoxylan extracted from vinegar residue on physicochemical and structural properties of gluten proteins obtained from freeze–thaw wheat dough
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Yan Qian , Yu Yongjian , Wang Ke , Yu Zhen , Wang Yuqin , Liu Peng , Han Dong
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Arabinoxylan is commonly used as a hydrocolloid in frozen dough to improve the texture and the sensory qualities of the products. The effects of vinegar residue arabinoxylan (VRAX) on the secondary structures and microstructures of gluten proteins during freeze–thaw storage were studied, and the underlying mechanism governing these effects was clarified.

RESULTS

The results revealed that VRAX improved the textural properties of gluten proteins, but had a negative impact on their viscoelasticity. Additionally, the addition of VRAX increased the number of disulfide bonds and also improved the freezing tolerance of the gluten proteins. It was found that the enthalpy of the gluten proteins decreased by 19.78% following VRAX addition. As a result of the use of VRAX, the freezing procedure resulted in reduced formation of ice crystals, protecting the gluten network structure and preserving the dough's elasticity. The network structure of gluten proteins after VRAX treatment was more ordered and integrated relative to that of frozen blank control gluten proteins.

CONCLUSION

Overall, the freeze–thaw stability of the gluten proteins was enhanced by VRAX. These results suggest that VRAX has potential as an effective cryoprotectant in frozen dough. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preventive treatment effects on brain structures and functions in patients with chronic migraine: A multimodel magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Chen Tai‐Yuan , Ko Ching‐Chung , Yeh Poh‐Shiow , Wu Te‐Chang , Shih Yun‐Ju , Yang Chun‐Ming , Lee Ju‐Chi , Chou Ming‐Chung , Lin Kao‐Chang
Published: October 2024

Patients with chronic migraine (CM) often exhibit structural and functional alterations in pain‐matrix regions, but it remains unclear how preventive treatment affects these changes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the structural and functional changes in pain‐matrix regions in CM patients after 6‐month treatment. A total of 24 patients with CM and 15 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Patients were divided into responder group (N = 9) and non‐responder group (N = 15). After completing the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire, all patients underwent whole‐brain high‐resolution T1‐weighted images, diffusion‐weighted imaging, and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. Whole brain gray matter volume and white matter diffusion indices were analyzed using voxel‐based analysis. Structural and functional connectivity analyses were performed to understand brain changes in patients after 6‐month preventive treatment. The responder group exhibited significantly higher MIDAS scores than the non‐responder group at baseline, but no significant difference between the two groups at follow‐up. No significant interval change was noted in gray matter volume, white matter diffusion indices, and structural connectivity in CM patients after 6‐month treatment. Nonetheless, the functional connectivity was significantly increased between occipital, temporal lobes and cerebellum, and was significantly decreased between parietal and temporal lobes after 6‐month preventive treatment. We concluded that resting‐state functional connectivity was suitable for investigating the preventive treatment effect on CM patients.
Improving Diagnostic Yield in Patients with Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Ten‐Year Analysis
Authors: Sismanis Aristides , Coelho Daniel
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To determine the yield of a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm for patients with pulsatile tinnitus (PT) and to review the common etiologies and present clinical pears for their diagnosis.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of patients with PT from 2013 to 2023. Charts were reviewed for demographic data (age, sex, BMI), side of PT (or bilateral), specialty clinic of initial evaluation, coexistent symptoms in addition to PT, and final diagnosis (or non‐diagnosis). Clinical, audiometric, laboratory, and radiographic data were collected. Putative chart diagnoses were reviewed by the authors and deemed likely or unlikely to be the source of the patient's PT. Those with “unlikely” were grouped in the “idiopathic” cohort. The diagnostic algorithm is presented in detail.

Results

Two hundred and 90 patients were included for analysis. The overall diagnostic yield was 90.7% for all patients and 95.6% for those patients who completed the recommended workup – a substantial improvement over published rates. Twenty‐nine etiologies were identified with the most common etiology was idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Twenty‐one diagnoses comprised no more than 5% of patients. Seventy‐three patients (25.2%) had more than one pathology as a potential source for their PT.

Conclusions

PT can present a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. The findings of this study, however, reveal that proper evaluation based on obtaining a thorough history, performing a physical examination, coupled with properly directed imaging studies and blood testing can accomplish a high diagnostic yield of at least one potential etiology.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 135:1148–1154, 2025
Bilateral Fluctuating Sensorineural Hearing Loss as a Paraneoplastic Manifestation for Lymphoma
Authors: Young Ting‐Chia , Wang Wen‐Hsiu , Chu Chia‐Huei , Lin Hung‐Ching , Chen Pey‐Yu
Published: October 2024

Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is an uncommon cause of fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which is diagnosed by exclusion and required a high index of suspicion. Secondary AIED, which accompanies other autoimmune diseases, occurs in up to 30% of AIED cases. Secondary AIED is a rare manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome, and the causal malignancy may be occult initially. Detecting and treating associated diseases, along with the use of immunosuppressants, are the mainstay for the management of AIED.

Herein, we presented a woman with bilateral fluctuating and progressive SNHL, partially responding to steroid or immunosuppressant treatment. Her hearing eventually stabilized after completing the treatment for diffuse large B cell lymphoma, which was diagnosed 6 months after the onset of hearing loss. This case serves as a reminder to physicians to be aware of AIED in cases of fluctuating SNHL and the possibility of associated malignancy alongside autoimmune disturbance. Laryngoscope, 2024
Hepatocyte‐Specific Knockout of Na+/H+ Exchanger‐1 Does Not Ameliorate NASH‐Associated Liver Damage in Mice
Authors: Sjøgaard‐Frich Lise M. , Egeskov Cecilie M. , Halling Jens F. , Ponniah Muthulakshmi , Dmytriyeva Oksana , Pilegaard Henriette , Pedersen Stine Falsig
Published: October 2024

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the fastest‐growing liver‐related cause of mortality, affecting about 25% of the adult world population. Despite this, fundamental questions regarding the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely answered. In mice, whole‐body knockout (KO) of Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 (SLC9A1) was suggested to be protective against NASH. However, the translatability of this finding is confounded by the fact that global NHE1 KO affects ubiquitous processes in tissues outside of the liver. Here, we aimed to determine the role of hepatocyte NHE1 in NAFLD. We generated a hepatocyte‐specific NHE1 KO (NHE1 HKO) mouse and determined the impact of NHE1 loss on liver metabolism and NAFLD characteristics following methionine–choline‐deficient (MCD) diet. Loss of hepatocyte NHE1 does not protect against NAFLD development, but rather seems to impair basal ROS balance in the mouse liver.
Assessing the Nexus Between Landscape Degradation and Flooding in the Niger River Catchment, Southeastern Nigeria: A 40‐Year Geospatial Dynamics (1992–2022)
Authors: Charles Osuagwu C. , Chinedu Ani D.
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the relationship between landscape degradation and flooding in the Niger River catchment of Onitsha, Nigeria, over a 40‐year period (1992–2022), focusing on changes in land use and land cover characteristics. Satellite images were preprocessed and classified using Anderson's classification technique. Erdas Imagine GIS software was adopted to carry out change analysis for each of the classes generated. The Landsat images for all the years (1992, 2002, 2012, and 2022) were acquired for the months of July (wet season) and December (dry season) and analyzed. The trends in seasonal changes in land use and land cover characteristics were prominent in the wet season. This was significantly seen in changes for water body and vegetative area. Built‐up areas and open spaces indicated a decrease during the wet season compared to the dry season. The notable changes occurred in water bodies and vegetation across the studied years, peaking in 1992 with 1628.82 ha for water bodies and 8993.79 ha for vegetation. In 2012, these values were 2040.93 and 8977.5 ha. The largest seasonal shifts were in vegetative areas in 2012 and built‐up in 2022. After analyzing the geospatial data according to the classifications, the study uncovers a notable link between landscape degradation and increased flood susceptibility. Notably, the findings highlight that shifts in these landscape features during the wet season significantly impact flood occurrence, emphasizing the critical role of landscape degradation in exacerbating flood risks in the region.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Different Kinetic Models in Simulating the Soil Nitrification Process of Ammonium Fertilizers
Authors: Tao Jianyu , Liu Xiaoyuan
Published: October 2024

Precise estimation of the soil nitrification process of ammonium fertilizers is crucial to improving soil fertility and reducing environmental pollution since nitrification is closely related to ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching. However, the applicability and effectiveness of different kinetic models in simulating the soil nitrification process have not been systematically evaluated in previous studies. Here, we compared the effectiveness of one self‐established model (T‐function) and three commonly‐used kinetic models (L‐function, zero‐order kinetic model, and first‐order kinetic model) using data extracted from peer‐reviewed publications. Results showed that the average determination coefficients (R
2) of the T‐function and L‐function were 3% higher than that of the first‐order kinetic model, while the average root mean square errors (RMSE) of the T‐function and L‐function were 30% lower than that of the first‐order kinetic model. In addition, first‐order kinetic model could not function properly when it was applied to simulate linear data. Zero‐order kinetic model was not suitable for predicting soil nitrification process because its mathematical nature was inconsistent with the actual soil nitrification process. Further investigations of the parameters of the T‐function and L‐function revealed that p1 (parameter 1) represented the soil net nitrate production of the applied N fertilizer, while p1 × p3 represented the soil nitrification rate. The response of the parameters of the T‐function was more sensitive to soil pH, TN, and C/N ratio changes than those of the L‐function. Therefore, the T‐function is slightly more accurate than the L‐function, but it requires more data points to achieve the best performance. In general, T‐function and L‐function are the most suitable models for simulating the soil nitrification process of N fertilizers and have the potential to be incorporated into soil N cycling models.
Biogenic silica dynamics in coastal wetland sediments: A key driver of silicon and carbon biogeochemical cycling
Authors: Zhao Xiangwei , Song Zhaoliang , Wu Yuntao , Van Zwieten Lukas , Guo Laodong , Yu Changxun , Li Zimin , Wu Lele , Yang Xiaomin , Ran Xiangbin , Sun Jun , Wei Yuqiu , Wang Yidong , Yuan Peng , Zhang Jianping , Sun Xiaole , Zuo Xinxin , Vancov Tony , Liu Cong‐Qiang , Wang Hailong
Published: October 2024

Biogenic silica (biogenic Si) is a bioactive component crucial for the biogeochemical cycling of Si in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Its formation and dissolution dynamics are intricately linked to carbon (C) cycling. However, knowledge about the source, composition, and factors controlling the distribution of biogenic Si in coastal wetland sedimentary environments is still limited. To address this lack of knowledge, we introduced a suite of geometric models for biogenic Si biovolume calculation and investigated biogenic Si assemblages, along with biogenic Si and biogenic Si‐occluded C contents, in sediments from representative coastal wetlands along the west coast of Bohai Bay. Our analysis showed that sedimentary biogenic Si predominantly derived from phytoliths (78.1% ± 5.8%), diatoms (18.2% ± 4.8%), and sponge spicules (3.7% ± 2.9%). Notably, phytolith assemblages were primarily composed of forms derived from the Poaceae family. The biogenic Si‐occluded C content (0.035–1.870 g kg−1) within these wetland sediments was consistent across both sites, accounting for 0.97–5.71% of the total organic C pool. Structural equation modeling indicated that total organic C, pH, and amorphous aluminum oxides either directly or indirectly influenced the biogenic Si content in coastal wetlands sediments. These results demonstrate the critical role that biogenic Si plays in the Si biogeochemical cycle and provide valuable information that advances our understanding of the biogeochemical interactions between Si and C in coastal wetland ecosystems.
Acromesomelic Dysplasia With Homozygosity for a Likely Pathogenic BMPR1B Variant: Postaxial Polydactyly as a Novel Clinical Finding
Authors: Abdelrazek Ibrahim M. , Knaus Alexej , Javanmardi Behnam , Krawitz Peter M. , Horn Denise , Abdalla Ebtesam M. , Kumar Sheetal
Published: October 2024

Background

Acromesomelic chondrodysplasias are a rare subgroup of the clinically and genetically heterogeneous osteochondrodysplasias that are characterised by abnormalities in the limb development and short stature. Here, we report a 2‐year‐old boy, offspring of consanguineous parents, with acromesomelic dysplasia and postaxial polydactyly in which exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense variant in BMPR1B. The patient showed skeletal malformation of both hands and feet that included complex brachydactyly with the thumbs most severely affected, postaxial polydactyly of both hands, shortened toes as well as a bilateral hypoplasia of the fibula.

Methods

Whole trio exome sequencing was conducted to identify potential genetic variants in the patient.

Results

The analysis identified the biallelic variant NM_001203.3:c.821A > G;p.(Gln274Arg) in BMPR1B, a gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B.

Conclusion

The skeletal phenotype can be brought in line with the phenotypes of previously reported cases of BMPR1B‐associated chondrodysplasias. However, the postaxial polydactyly described here is a novel clinical finding in a BMPR1B‐related case; notably, it has previously been reported in other acromesomelic dysplasia cases caused by homozygous pathogenic variants in GDF5—a gene which encodes for growth differentiation factor 5, a high‐affinity ligand to BMPR1B.
Dynamics and stability analysis of unbalance responses in mid‐positioned electrically assisted turbocharger rotor
Authors: Hu Mingyue , Cao Shuqian , Cao Xiaolin , Zhang Zhiyong , Men Rixiu , You Zhenzhen , Wang Tianyou
Published: October 2024

Electrically assisted turbochargers (EAT) improve intake efficiency by motor‐assisted compressor impeller rotation, enhancing the system's transient response. However, the addition of motor rotor components has increased the number of unbalanced positions in the shaft system, leading to problems such as excessive compressor end vibration and complex changes in oil film stability. To evaluate the effects of unbalance in the motor rotor, along with the parameters of floating ring bearings (FRB), on the dynamic response of EAT, a finite element model of an EAT rotor supported by nonlinear FRB is developed, and the vibration response of the compressor end bearing is obtained by numerical integration. The results indicate: (1) In contrast to the effect of compressor and turbine unbalance, proper motor rotor unbalance is more effective in suppressing oil whirl instability in the high‐speed operating range. However, a new inner oil film whirl “instability interval” is also induced in the low‐speed operating range, leading to an increase in the Y1 compressor‐end amplitude at low and medium speeds, and this “instability interval” increases with the amount of unbalance. (2) When an oil whirl occurs in the oil film, the maximum eccentricity of the bearing surges and is greater than 0.3, which can be used as an effective threshold for determining whether the oil film is unstable in engineering applications. (3) A suitable outer oil‐film clearance range should be , otherwise, a wide range of outer oil‐film whirl instability occurs. Controlling the amount of unbalance and oil‐film clearance to suppress the sub‐synchronous vibration of the EAT, provides a theoretical basis for the design of the dynamics of the nonlinear rotor bearing system and improves the stability of the turbocharger's operation.