bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of statistical analysis of primary components concentrations in bulk chemical composition of ordinary chondrite groups
Authors: Przylibski Tadeusz A. , Długosz‐Lisiecka Magdalena , Łuszczek Katarzyna , Blutstein Konrad
Published: July 2023

We used two different methods of statistical analysis—cluster analysis and principal component analysis—to analyze the concentrations of principal chemical components (Si, Mg, Ca, Fe, Ni) and Co in ordinary chondrites. The analysis is based predominantly on published data (metadata). In total, chemical composition data from 646 ordinary chondrites were used in the statistical analysis. The aim of this analysis was to establish whether it would be possible or not to distinguish H, L, and LL chondrites based on the concentrations of major elements and Co in their bulk chemical compositions. It was also important to determine what conclusions such an analysis could enable to draw about matter differentiation in the formation environments of primordial parent bodies of particular ordinary chondrite groups (H, L, and LL). Another aim of the statistical analysis was to determine whether the distribution of Fe and Ni (with Co admixtures) is independent of petrographic types within particular groups of chondrites. This is of crucial importance for determining the distribution of FeNi(Co) ore occurrences in potential extraterrestrial deposits on modern asteroids—the sources of ordinary chondrites. The obtained results of statistical analyses confirmed that a clear‐cut distinction between particular groups of ordinary chondrites is only possible for group H, while distinguishing L chondrites from LL chondrites is not always obvious. The results of the statistical analyses relating to the question of the possible existence of several primordial parent bodies (formation environments) of each group of ordinary chondrites are consistent with the results of contemporary astronomical spectroscopy research. What is particularly interesting is obtaining indications of the existence of common formation environments of the matter of L and LL chondrites, possibly on a few primordial parent bodies. The statistical analyses indicate that there is no correlation between the concentration of principal chemical components and the petrographic type of ordinary chondrites. This proves homogenous distributions of these elements within the parent bodies of each group of ordinary chondrites. Hence, the distribution of these elements in individual present‐day asteroids is also homogenous.
Anorthositic lunar regolith breccia Dhofar 1769—Clear indications for repeated mixing of impact melt lithologies
Authors: Bischoff Addi , Komnik Mike , Storz Jakob , Berndt Jasper
Published: July 2023

The lunar regolith breccia Dhofar 1769, which was found in 2012 as a single 125 g piece in the Zufar desert area of Oman, contains a relatively large, dark‐colored impact melt breccia embedded in a fine‐grained clastic matrix. The internal texture of the fragment indicates the repeated melt breccia formation on the lunar surface, their repeated brecciation, and mixing in second, third, and fourth generations of brecciated rock types. The chemical and mineralogical data reveal the incorporation of a feldspar‐rich subophitic crystalline melt within a feldspar‐rich microporphyritic crystalline melt breccia. This lithic paragenesis itself is embedded within a mafic, crystalline melt breccia. The entire breccia with the three different impact melts has been finally incorporated into the whole rock breccia. The three impact melts are mixtures of different source rocks and impact projectiles, based on the obtained minor and trace element compositions (in particular of Ni and the rare earth elements [REE]) of the impact melt lithologies. For all processes of impact melt formation, additional steps of their brecciation and re‐lithification require a minimum number of seven impact processes.
Screening for post‐intensive care syndrome: Validation of the Healthy Aging Brain Care Monitor Self‐Report Chinese version
Authors: Liang Shiyu , Wang Xin , Li Chenyang , Shao Lewen
Published: July 2023

Background

The Healthy Aging Brain Care Monitor Self‐Report (HABC‐M SR) is a tool to evaluate physical, mental and cognitive impairments. It has been validated in several countries for post‐intensive care syndrome (PICS) assessment, but there is no Chinese version yet.

Aim

The aim of this study is to translate and cross‐cultural adapt HABC‐M SR, and validate its psychological properties among Chinese ICU survivors.

Study Design

This is a cross‐sectional study. the HABC‐M SR was translated into Chinese and validated in intensive care unit survivors (n = 145). Measures of internal consistency, construct validity, concurrent validity, and content validity were evaluated.

Results

A 19‐item Chinese version of HABC‐M SR was yielded, with good reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.92) and validity (the variance was 64.4%, overall content validity was 0.91, and correlation coefficients were 0.62–0.90).

Conclusions

The 19‐item Chinese version HABC‐M SR is a reliable and valid tool for PICS assessing and may be regarded as a standard measurement.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The Chinese version HABC‐M SR may help in selecting PICS high‐risk survivors for ICU follow‐up interventions. The HABC‐M SR can also be regarded as a standard specific PICS measurement, thus promote the comparability between studies and transformation of the clinical evidence.
The potential influence of critical pedagogy on nursing praxis: Tools for disrupting stigma and discrimination within the profession
Authors: Pitcher Claire F. , Browne Annette J.
Published: July 2023

Nursing work centers around attending to a person's health during many of life's most vulnerable moments, from birth to death. Given the high‐stakes nature of this work, it is essential for nurses to critically reflect on their individual and collective impact, which can range from healing to harmful. The purpose of this paper is to use a philosophical inquiry approach and a critical lens to explore the potential influence of critical pedagogy (how we learn what we learn) on nursing praxis (why we do what we do) with the aim of disrupting stigma and discrimination within the profession. This paper draws on the works of Paulo Freire, Henry Giroux, and bell hooks to alert readers to particular windows of opportunity where an intentional adoption of critical pedagogy in nursing praxis may help the profession think differently about two important and related topics: relational violence and peer‐led knowledge mobilization. As a practice‐based and theoretically grounded profession, nurses often strive to bridge the theoretical with the practical and the individual with the systemic. Thus, developing a robust and philosophically rooted disciplinary body of knowledge is particularly important to help us defensibly grapple with the notions of truth and ethics that shape our work's very essence and impact.
Efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib in adolescents with alopecia areata: Results from the ALLEGRO phase 2b/3 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Hordinsky Maria , Hebert Adelaide A. , Gooderham Melinda , Kwon Ohsang , Murashkin Nikolay , Fang Hong , Harada Kazutoshi , Law Ernest , Wajsbrot Dalia , Takiya Liza , Zwillich Samuel H. , Wolk Robert , Tran Helen
Published: July 2023

Background/Objectives

This subgroup analysis of the ALLEGRO phase 2b/3 trial (NCT03732807) evaluated the efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib, an oral, selective dual JAK3/TEC family kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of alopecia areata (AA) in patients aged 12–17 years.

Methods

In ALLEGRO‐2b/3, patients aged ≥12 years with AA and ≥50% scalp hair loss received once‐daily ritlecitinib 50 or 30 mg (±4‐week 200‐mg loading dose) or 10 mg or placebo for 24 weeks. In a subsequent 24‐week extension period, ritlecitinib groups continued their doses, and patients initially assigned to placebo switched to 200/50 or 50 mg daily. Clinician‐ and patient‐reported hair regrowth outcomes and safety were assessed.

Results

In total, 105 adolescents were randomized. At Week 24, 17%–28% of adolescents achieved a Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score ≤20 (≤20% scalp without hair) in the ritlecitinib 30 mg and higher treatment groups versus 0% for placebo. At Week 48, 25%–50% of patients had a SALT score ≤20 across ritlecitinib treatment groups (30 mg and higher). Adolescents reporting that their AA “moderately” or “greatly” improved were 45%–61% in the ritlecitinib groups (30 mg and higher) (vs. 10%–22% for placebo) at Week 24 and 44%–80% at Week 48. The most common adverse events in adolescents were headache, acne, and nasopharyngitis. No deaths, major adverse cardiovascular events, malignancies, pulmonary embolisms, opportunistic infections, or herpes zoster infections were reported.

Conclusion

Ritlecitinib treatment demonstrated clinician‐reported efficacy, patient‐reported improvement, and an acceptable safety profile through Week 48 in adolescents with AA with ≥50% scalp hair loss.
Lung Re‐transplantation after prolonged veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a child with chronic lung allograft dysfunction
Authors: Herrera‐Camino Andres , Sweet Stuart C. , Pendino Rebecca , Brill Chod Kirsten , Eghtesady Pirooz , Gazit Avihu Z. , Lin John C.
Published: July 2023

Background

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) may be used as a bridge to lung transplantation in selected patients with end‐stage respiratory failure. Historically, ECMO use in this setting has been associated with poor outcomes Puri V et.al, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 140:427. More recently, technical advances and the implementation of rehabilitation and ambulation while awaiting transplantation on ECMO have led to improved surgical and post‐transplant outcomes Kirkby S et.al, J Thorac Dis, 6:1024.

Methods

We illustrate the case of a 6‐year‐old child who received prolonged ECMO support as a bridge to lung re‐transplantation secondary to Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD).

Results

Early rehabilitation was key in improving the overall pre‐transplant conditioning during ECMO.

Conclusions

Despite challenges associated with awake/ambulatory ECMO, the use of this strategy as a bridge to lung transplantation is feasible and has resulted in improved pre‐transplant conditioning and post‐transplant outcomes.
Evolutionary game analysis for multi‐level collaborative governance under public crisis in China: From a value perception perspective
Authors: Chen Yingxin , Liu Xin , Tadikamalla Pandu R. , Qu Mingming , Wang Yiting
Published: July 2023

In a risk society, the survival and development of humans are facing threats of complex and severe public crisis events. Public participation in collaborative governance (CG) of public crisis events is increasingly recognized as an important direction for the reform of the current and future emergency management system. Previous studies of CG have mainly focused on the macro level and ignored to address micro‐level discussions of the behavioral strategy evolution of stakeholders. From a fresh value perception perspective, this study constructs an evolutionary game model to clarify the evolution mechanism of multi‐level emergency CG. First, the value perception model is built based on Prospect Theory and Mental Accounting to optimize the traditional game matrix. Second, the evolutionary stability is analyzed to solve the system evolution law. Finally, numerical simulation is conducted in the case of Heilongjiang province, a main region of food and energy supply in China. Results showed that (1) the CG game system has a complex evolutionary path; (2) the behavior of game players is affected by perceived incomes and perceived costs; (3) compared with the reference value and the risk aversion coefficient of income accounts, game players are more sensitive to that of cost accounts; (4) enhancing the perceived value of public psychological satisfaction and government reputation is helpful for the long‐term construction of CG. Overall, this study aims to highlight the potential utility of value perception in promoting effective implementations of CG and to provide new insights for the development of CG in China and other countries.
How does the reform of rules of origin affect firm performance in importing countries?
Authors: Hayakawa Kazunobu , Yamanouchi Kenta
Published: July 2023

This study empirically examines the economic impact of reforms on Japan's generalised system of preferences regarding firm performance. Specifically, we consider the relaxation of the rules of origin (RoOs) for knitted apparel in 2011 and 2015. We conducted a difference‐in‐differences analysis by defining the knitted apparel industry as the treatment group and the woven apparel industry as the control group. First, we demonstrate that Japan's total imports of knitted apparel products did not experience a greater change than those of woven apparel products. However, imports of knitted apparel products from the least developed countries (LDCs) have increased significantly. Second, on average, the two RoO reforms did not significantly change the sales value of knitted apparel producers. Third, we explore the heterogeneous effects across product price ranges because plants producing relatively low‐price products may be affected largely by the increase in the import values of inexpensive apparel products from LDCs. As a result, we find significant results for knitted apparel producers in the low‐price range. While the first relaxation, in 2011, reduced their production quantity and raised unit prices, the second relaxation, in 2015, reduced sales value by reducing production quantity.
Isometry groups of inductive limits of metric spectral triples and Gromov–Hausdorff convergence
Authors: Bassi Jacopo , Conti Roberto , Farsi Carla , Latrémolière Frédéric
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we study the groups of isometries and the set of bi‐Lipschitz automorphisms of spectral triples from a metric viewpoint, in the propinquity framework of Latrémolière. In particular, we prove that these groups and sets are compact in the automorphism group of the spectral triple ‐algebra with respect to the Monge–Kantorovich metric, which induces the topology of pointwise convergence. We then prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of the actions of various groups of isometries, in the sense of the covariant version of the Gromov–Hausdorff propinquity, a noncommutative analogue of the Gromov–Hausdorff distance, when working in the context of inductive limits of quantum compact metric spaces and metric spectral triples. We illustrate our work with examples including AF algebras and noncommutative solenoids.
Counting and boundary limit theorems for representations of Gromov‐hyperbolic groups
Authors: Cantrell Stephen , Sert Cagri
Published: July 2023

Given a Gromov‐hyperbolic group endowed with a finite symmetric generating set, we study the statistics of counting measures on the spheres of the associated Cayley graph under linear representations of . More generally, we obtain a weak law of large numbers for subadditive functions, echoing the classical Fekete lemma. For strongly irreducible and proximal representations, we prove a counting central limit theorem with a Berry–Esseen type error rate and exponential large deviation estimates. Moreover, in the same setting, we show convergence of interpolated normalized matrix norms along geodesic rays to Brownian motion and a functional law of iterated logarithm, paralleling the analogous results in the theory of random matrix products. Our counting large deviation estimates address a question of Kaimanovich–Kapovich–Schupp. In most cases, our counting limit theorems will be obtained from stronger almost sure limit laws for Patterson–Sullivan measures on the boundary of the group.
Recent Advances and Applications of Machine Learning in Experimental Solid Mechanics: A Review
Authors: Jin Hanxun , Zhang Enrui , Espinosa Horacio D.
Published: July 2023

For many decades, experimental solid mechanics has played a crucial role in characterizing and understanding the mechanical properties of natural and novel artificial materials. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) provide new opportunities for the field, including experimental design, data analysis, uncertainty quantification, and inverse problems. As the number of papers published in recent years in this emerging field is growing exponentially, it is timely to conduct a comprehensive and up-to-date review of recent ML applications in experimental solid mechanics. Here, we first provide an overview of common ML algorithms and terminologies that are pertinent to this review, with emphasis placed on physics-informed and physics-based ML methods. Then, we provide thorough coverage of recent ML applications in traditional and emerging areas of experimental mechanics, including fracture mechanics, biomechanics, nano- and micromechanics, architected materials, and two-dimensional materials. Finally, we highlight some current challenges of applying ML to multimodality and multifidelity experimental datasets, quantifying the uncertainty of ML predictions, and proposing several future research directions. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the use of ML methods and a variety of examples for researchers in solid mechanics to integrate into their experiments.
Factors influencing provision of clinical placements for health students: A scoping review
Authors: Smith Brent , Robson Kristy , Robinson Caroline , Patton Narelle
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Clinical placements for students completing health degrees are vital for meeting work-integrated learning requirements and enabling students to develop a broad range of professional capabilities in authentic settings. Understanding the factors that influence the provision of clinical placements for health students from the perspectives of those providing the placements is essential, not only to sustain existing resources but also to expand opportunities to meet growing placement demand.
Methods: A scoping review of articles with a focus on health student clinical placements within the international context, published between 2000–2020, was facilitated using seven databases, including Google Scholar and other sources.
Results: A total of 2,283 records were identified. After removal of duplicates, 1,159 records were screened based on the title and abstract. Full-text review was conducted on 93 articles, and 48 of these publications were included in the final scoping review. Data from these articles were charted and four major themes emerged to illuminate factors that influence the provision of clinical placements for health students: institutional, personal, university engagement and student capability.
Conclusion: Multiple factors influence the provision of clinical placements for health students from the perspectives of those who provide the placements. Understanding these factors is important to sustain existing resources and inform planning to increase placement provision sustainably into the future. From this scoping review, a clear gap in the literature is the perspectives and experiences of two distinct groups: health service managers and health clinicians
The Arabinose 5-Phosphate Isomerase KdsD Is Required for Virulence in Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Jenkins Christopher H. , Scott Andrew E. , O’Neill Paul A. , Norville Isobel H. , Prior Joann L. , Ireland Philip M.
Published: July 2023

The intrinsic resistance of
B. pseudomallei
to many antibiotics complicates treatment. This opportunistic pathogen possesses a wide range of virulence factors, resulting in severe and potentially fatal disease.
Science Communication Training Imparts Confidence and Influences Public Engagement Activity
Authors: Swords Christina M. , Porter Jerlym S. , Hawkins Amy J. , Li Edwin , Rowland-Goldsmith Melissa , Koci Matthew D. , Tansey John T. , Woitowich Nicole C.
Published: July 2023

The impacts of science are felt across all socio-ecological levels, ranging from the individual to societal. In order to adapt or respond to scientific discoveries, novel technologies, or biomedical or environmental challenges, a fundamental understanding of science is necessary.
Integrated multi-omic analyses provide insight into colon adenoma susceptibility modulation by the gut microbiota
Authors: Busi Susheel Bhanu , Lei Zhentian , Sumner Lloyd W. , Amos-Landgraf James M.
Published: July 2023

Colon cancer onset is strongly associated with the differences in microbial taxa in the gastrointestinal tract. Although recent studies highlight the role of individual taxa, the effect of a complex gut microbiome (GM) on the metabolome and host transcriptome is still unknown. We used a multi-omics approach to determine how differences in the GM affect the susceptibility to adenoma development in a rat model of human colon cancer. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry of feces collected prior to observable disease onset identified putative metabolite profiles that likely predict future disease severity. Transcriptome analyses performed after disease onset from normal colonic epithelium and tumor tissues show a correlation between GM and host gene expression. Integrated pathway analyses of the metabolome and transcriptome based on putatively identified metabolic features indicate that bile acid biosynthesis is enriched in rats with high tumors along with increased fatty acid metabolism and mucin biosynthesis. Targeted pyrosequencing of the Pirc allele indicates that the GM alters the mechanism of adenoma development and may drive an epigenetic pathway of tumor suppressor silencing. This study reveals how untargeted metabolomics identifies signatures of susceptibility and integrated analyses uncover pathways of differential mechanisms of loss of tumor suppressor gene function and for potential prevention and therapeutic intervention.

IMPORTANCE

The association between the gut microbiome and colon cancer is significant but difficult to test in model systems. This study highlights the association of differences in the pathogen-free gut microbiome to changes in the host transcriptome and metabolome that correlate with colon adenoma initiation and development in a rat genetic model of early colon cancer. The utilization of a multi-omics approach integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals differences in pathways including bile acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism. The study also shows that differences in gut microbiomes significantly alter the mechanism of adenoma formation, shifting from genetic changes to epigenetic changes that initiate the early loss of tumor suppressor function. These findings enhance our understanding of the gut microbiome’s role in colon cancer susceptibility, offer insights into potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and may pave the way for future prevention and intervention strategies.
Engineered Gut Symbiotic Bacterium-Mediated RNAi for Effective Control of
Anopheles
Mosquito Larvae
Authors: Ding Jinjin , Cui Chunlai , Wang Guandong , Wei Ge , Bai Liang , Li Yifei , Sun Peilu , Dong Ling , Liu Zicheng , Yun Jiaqi , Li Fang , Li Kai , He Lin , Wang Sibao
Published: July 2023

Mosquitoes are vectors for various diseases, imposing a significant threat to public health globally. The recent invasion of
A. stephensi
in Africa has made malaria eradication more challenging due to its outdoor biting behavior and widespread resistance to insecticides.
The World’s Largest Bauxite-Bearing Province, Fouta Djallon–Mandingo (West Africa). Part 4: a Zoning Mechanism in Laterite Bauxite-Bearing Weathering Crust
Authors: Makarova M. A. , Mamedov V. I. , Boeva N. M. , Shipilova E. S. , Vnuchkov D. A. , Bortnikov N. S.
Published: July 2023

The results of detailed exploration and year-round observations of the hydrogeological regime at large deposits, as well as special hydrochemical studies of various types of water and changes in the gas composition of the underground atmosphere in the lateritic weathering crust, of the very large bauxite-bearing province, Fouta Djallon–Mandingo, thanks to a reliable factual base, made it possible for the first time to draw a number of important conclusions about the conditions and features of zoning formation in the lateritic weathering profile. The weathering profile consists of two metasomatic columns spatially combined in plan, but vertically separated: an upper one, consisting of hydroxides and oxides of iron and aluminum, and a lower one, composed of clayey eluvium and products of hydration and decomposition of aluminosilicates—polymineral clays and kaolinite. In both columns, the processes of change begin with the same rainwater, but differ in the hydrodynamic parameters in each of the columns. Changes in the weathering profile occur in accordance with the main patterns of low-temperature infiltration metasomatism. The modern hydrogeological and gas regime in bauxite-bearing lateritic covers controls the mineralogical and geochemical zoning. Features of biological and soil processes and hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry in the weathering profile lead to a threshold nature of the change in physicochemical and biochemical conditions, providing the action of geochemical (oxidation, reduction, gley, adsorption) barriers, which is the main mechanism of zonal distribution of matter in lateritic weathering crusts.
The intention-behaviour gap in physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the action control framework
Authors: Feil Katharina , Fritsch Julian , Rhodes Ryan E
Published: July 2023

Objective

Intention is the proximal antecedent of physical activity in many popular psychological models. Despite the utility of these models, the discrepancy between intention and actual behaviour, known as the intention-behaviour gap, is a central topic of current basic and applied research. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify intention-behaviour profiles and the intention-behaviour gap.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

Literature search was conducted in June 2022 and updated in February 2023 in five databases.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Eligible studies included a measure of physical activity, an assessment of physical activity intention and the employment of the intention-behaviour relationship into profile quadrants. Only papers published in the English language and in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Screening was assisted by the artificial intelligence tool ASReview.

Results

Twenty-five independent samples were selected from 22 articles including a total of N=29 600. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed that 26.0% of all participants were non-intenders not exceeding their intentions, 4.2% were non-intenders who exceeded their intentions, 33.0% were unsuccessful intenders and 38.7% were successful intenders. Based on the proportion of unsuccessful intenders to all intenders, the overall intention-behaviour gap was 47.6%.

Conclusion

The findings underscore that intention is a necessary, yet insufficient antecedent of physical activity for many. Successful translation of a positive intention into behaviour is nearly at chance. Incorporating mechanisms to overcome the intention-behaviour gap are recommended for clinical practice.
Efficient plasma metabolic fingerprinting as a novel tool for diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer: a large-scale, multicentre study
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Huang Yida , Hu Can , Du Lingbin , Du Yi-An , Zhang Yanqiang , Qin Jiangjiang , Liu Wanshan , Wang Ruimin , Yang Shouzhi , Wu Jiao , Cao Jing , Zhang Juxiang , Chen Gui-Ping , Lv Hang , Zhao Ping , He Weiyang , Wang Xiaoliang , Xu Min , Wang Pingfang , Hong Chuanshen , Yang Li-Tao , Xu Jingli , Chen Jiahui , Wei Qing , Zhang Ruolan , Yuan Li , Qian Kun , Cheng Xiangdong
Published: July 2023

Objective

Metabolic biomarkers are expected to decode the phenotype of gastric cancer (GC) and lead to high-performance blood tests towards GC diagnosis and prognosis. We attempted to develop diagnostic and prognostic models for GC based on plasma metabolic information.

Design

We conducted a large-scale, multicentre study comprising 1944 participants from 7 centres in retrospective cohort and 264 participants in prospective cohort. Discovery and verification phases of diagnostic and prognostic models were conducted in retrospective cohort through machine learning and Cox regression of plasma metabolic fingerprints (PMFs) obtained by nanoparticle-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation-mass spectrometry (NPELDI-MS). Furthermore, the developed diagnostic model was validated in prospective cohort by both NPELDI-MS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS (UPLC-MS).

Results

We demonstrated the high throughput, desirable reproducibility and limited centre-specific effects of PMFs obtained through NPELDI-MS. In retrospective cohort, we achieved diagnostic performance with areas under curves (AUCs) of 0.862–0.988 in the discovery (n=1157 from 5 centres) and independent external verification dataset (n=787 from another 2 centres), through 5 different machine learning of PMFs, including neural network, ridge regression, lasso regression, support vector machine and random forest. Further, a metabolic panel consisting of 21 metabolites was constructed and identified for GC diagnosis with AUCs of 0.921–0.971 and 0.907–0.940 in the discovery and verification dataset, respectively. In the prospective study (n=264 from lead centre), both NPELDI-MS and UPLC-MS were applied to detect and validate the metabolic panel, and the diagnostic AUCs were 0.855–0.918 and 0.856–0.916, respectively. Moreover, we constructed a prognosis scoring system for GC in retrospective cohort, which can effectively predict the survival of GC patients.

Conclusion

We developed and validated diagnostic and prognostic models for GC, which also contribute to advanced metabolic analysis towards diseases, including but not limited to GC.
Does (re-)entering the labour market at advanced ages protect against cognitive decline? A matching difference-in-differences approach
Authors: Kim Jung Hyun , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Leist Anja K
Published: July 2023

Background

While prolonged labour market participation becomes increasingly important in ageing societies, evidence on the impacts of entering or exiting work beyond age 65 on cognitive functioning is scarce.

Methods

We use data from two large population-representative data sets from South Korea and the USA to investigate and compare the effects of the labour market (re-)entry and exit by matching employment and other confounder trajectories prior to the exposure. We chose the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (N=1872, 2006–2020) for its exceptionally active labour participation in later life and the Health and Retirement Study (N=4070, 2006–2020) for its growing inequality among US older adults in labour participation. We use the matching difference-in-differences (DID) method, which allows us to make causal claims by reducing biases through matching.

Results

We find general positive effects of entering the labour market in South Korea (DID estimate: 0.653, 95% CI 0.167 to 1.133), while in the USA such benefit is not salient (DID estimate: 0.049, 95% CI −0.262 to 0.431). Exiting the late-life labour market leads to cognitive decline in both South Korea (DID estimate: −0.438, 95% CI −0.770 to –0.088) and the USA (DID estimate: −0.432, 95% CI −0.698 to –0.165).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that Korean participants cognitively benefited from late-life labour market participation, while US participants did not. Differences in participant characteristics and reasons for labour market participation may have led to the differential findings. We found the negative effects of exiting the late-life labour force in both countries.
Exome sequencing links the SUMO protease SENP7 with fatal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, early respiratory failure and neutropenia
Authors: Samra Nadra , Jansen Nicolette S , Morani Ilham , Kakun Reli Rachel , Zaid Rinat , Paperna Tamar , Garcia-Dominguez Mario , Viner Yuri , Frankenthal Hilel , Shinwell Eric S , Portnov Igor , Bakry Doua , Shalata Adel , Shapira Rootman Mika , Kidron Dvora , Claessens Laura A , Wevers Ron A , Mandel Hanna , Vertegaal Alfred C O , Weiss Karin
Published: July 2023

Background

SUMOylation involves the attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to specific lysine residues on thousands of substrates with target-specific effects on protein function. Sentrin-specific proteases (SENPs) are proteins involved in the maturation and deconjugation of SUMO. Specifically, SENP7 is responsible for processing polySUMO chains on targeted substrates including the heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α).

Methods

We performed exome sequencing and segregation studies in a family with several infants presenting with an unidentified syndrome. RNA and protein expression studies were performed in fibroblasts available from one subject.

Results

We identified a kindred with four affected subjects presenting with a spectrum of findings including congenital arthrogryposis, no achievement of developmental milestones, early respiratory failure, neutropenia and recurrent infections. All died within four months after birth. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous stop gain variant inSENP7c.1474C>T; p.(Gln492*) as the probable aetiology. The proband’s fibroblasts demonstrated decreased mRNA expression. Protein expression studies showed significant protein dysregulation in total cell lysates and in the chromatin fraction. We found that HP1α levels as well as different histones and H3K9me3 were reduced in patient fibroblasts. These results support previous studies showing interaction between SENP7 and HP1α, and suggest loss of SENP7 leads to reduced heterochromatin condensation and subsequent aberrant gene expression.

Conclusion

Our results suggest a critical role for SENP7 in nervous system development, haematopoiesis and immune function in humans.
AL amyloidosis presenting with isolated lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy
Authors: Bellanti Roberto , Symmonds Mkael , Chowdhury Rajat , Hofer Monika , Rinaldi Simon
Published: July 2023

A 45-year-old man presented with an isolated sciatic mononeuropathy, which then evolved into a lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy. His initial symptoms included lower limb pain, sensory disturbance and later weakness, without autonomic dysfunction. Neurophysiology suggested a postganglionic neuropathy. MR and ultrasound scans of the thighs showed right sciatic nerve thickening, and CSF analysis showed albuminocytological dissociation. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) was unremarkable. He then developed orthostatic symptoms and urinary disturbance, and was found to have an IgM paraprotein. Fat aspirate, cardiac and whole-body imaging found no amyloid deposition, and genetic testing for transthyretin amyloidosis was negative. A bone marrow biopsy was unremarkable. However, neuropathology review of a proximal, fascicular nerve biopsy identified a lambda chain-restricted plasma cell population with positive Congo red staining, leading to a diagnosis of peripheral nerve restricted amyloid light amyloidosis. We discuss the diagnostic approach to this case from the perspectives of neurology, neurophysiology, radiology and neuropathology.
Optimal techniques of ultrasound-guided superficial and deep parasternal intercostal plane blocks: a cadaveric study
Authors: Samerchua Artid , Leurcharusmee Prangmalee , Supphapipat Kittitorn , Unchiti Kantarakorn , Lapisatepun Panuwat , Maikong Naraporn , Kantakam Perada , Navic Pagorn , Mahakkanukrauh Pasuk
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The optimal techniques of a parasternal intercostal plane (PIP) block to cover the T2–T6 intercostal nerves have not been elucidated. This pilot cadaveric study aims to determine the optimal injection techniques that achieve a consistent dye spread over the second to sixth intercostal spaces after both ultrasound-guided superficial and deep PIP blocks. We also investigated the presence of the transversus thoracis muscle at the first to sixth intercostal spaces and its sonographic identification agreement, as well as the location of the internal thoracic artery in relation to the lateral border of the sternum.

Methods

Ultrasound-guided superficial or deep PIP blocks with single, double, or triple injections were applied in 24 hemithoraces (three hemithoraces per technique). A total volume of dye for all techniques was 20 mL. On dissection, dye distribution over the first to sixth intercostal spaces, the presence of the transversus thoracis muscle at each intercostal space and the distance of the internal thoracic artery from the lateral sternal border were recorded.

Results

The transversus thoracis muscles were consistently found at the second to sixth intercostal spaces, and the agreement between sonographic identification and the presence of the transversus thoracis muscles was >80% at the second to fifth intercostal spaces. The internal thoracic artery is located medial to the halfway between the sternal border and costochondral junction along the second to sixth intercostal spaces. Dye spread following the superficial PIP block was more localized than the deep PIP block. For both approaches, the more numbers of injections rendered a wider dye distribution. The numbers of stained intercostal spaces after superficial block at the second, fourth, and fifth intercostal spaces, and deep block at the third and fifth intercostal spaces were 5.3±1.2 and 5.7±0.6 levels, respectively.

Conclusion

Triple injections at the second, fourth, and fifth intercostal spaces for the superficial approach and double injections at the third and fifth intercostal spaces for the deep approach were optimal techniques of the PIP blocks.
NLG-919 combined with cisplatin to enhance inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion via IDO1–Kyn–AhR pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell
Authors: Zou Xiaofeng , Zhao Deming , Wen Xin , Chen Feihong
Published: July 2023

As a common aggressive head and neck cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) received cisplatin treatment as a first-line chemotherapy. Platinum-induced resistance is a major limitation of current treatment strategy in the advanced NPC. Increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) activities are found in cisplatin-resistant NPC cells versus cisplatin-sensitive NPC cells. As an IDO1 immunosuppressant, NLG-919 has entered clinical phase I to treat advanced solid tumors. To reverse cisplatin resistance, we investigated the combinatory application of cisplatin and NLG-919 in NPC treatment. In vitro biological studies on cisplatin-resistant and cisplatin-sensitive NPC cells were taken to imply that the combination of NLG-919 and cisplatin got a stronger impact on the induction of cell apoptosis and the inhibition of cell migration, exploring superior effect of antitumor over single drug. We proved that the mechanism of the combined therapy could inhibit the activity of IDO1, blocking amino acid tryptophan conversion to kynurenine through the kynurenine pathway, which further inhibited the aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression. Our study underscored the combination of cisplatin and NLG-919 as a potent therapeutic way for the reversal of cisplatin resistance.
Simulation of the AGATA spectrometer and coupling with ancillary detectors
Authors: Labiche M. , Ljungvall J. , Crespi F. C. L. , Chen S. , Bordes J. , Goasduff A. , Bottoni S. , Gamba E. , Pérez-Vidal R. M. , Bentley M. A.
Published: July 2023

The design study of the AGATA array began with the development of the AGATA simulation code using GEANT4. The latter played a key part in the final design of the array and provided a cost effective solution for the early development of the tracking algorithm. The code has since been maintained and developed by the collaboration to provide more realistic simulations, with reaction chambers, ancillary detectors and surrounding mechanical structures completing the entire setup.
LEAPS data strategy
Authors: Götz Andy , le Gall Erwan , Konrad Uwe , Kourousias George , Knodel Oliver , Matalgah Salman , Matilla Oscar , Spruce Darren , Orti Ana Valceril , Ounsy Majid , Rod Thomas H. , Schluenzen Frank
Published: July 2023

The continuous evolution of photon sources and their instrumentation enables more and new scientific endeavors at ever increasing pace. This technological evolution is accompanied by an exponential growth of data volumes of increasing complexity, which must be addressed by maximizing efficiency of scientific experiments and automation of workflows covering the entire data lifecycle, aiming to reduce data volumes while producing FAIR and open data of highest reliability. This papers briefly outlines the strategy of the league of European accelerator-based photon sources user facilities to achieve these goals collaboratively in an efficient and sustainable way which will ultimately lead to an increase in the number of publications.
A Monte Carlo study of high-LET particle production in proton boron therapy
Authors: Jacobsen Villads Lundsteen , Johansen Jacob G. , Fynbo Hans O. U. , Bassler Niels
Published: July 2023

We simulate the production of high-LET particles from different boron nuclear reactions in proton therapy. This study is motivated by neutron capture-enhanced particle therapy (NCEPT) (Safavi-Naeini et al. in Sci Rep 8(1):1–13, 2018) and the recently proposed proton boron capture therapy (PBCT) (Cirrone et al. in Sci Rep 8(1):1–15, 2018), where both therapy types suggest to utilize the production of high-LET particle for enhancing the RBE of the treatment. From Monte Carlo simulations performed in TOPAS (Perl et al. in Med Phys 39(11):6818–6837, 2012), we find that NCEPT reaction is the more prominent reaction of the two with a factor of $$4000 \pm 700$$

4000
±
700

more particles produced. The reason for this is the relative high fluence of thermal and epithermal neutrons (neutrons $$< 1 \hbox { keV}$$

<
1

keV

) present in clinical relevant proton fields. The creation of these neutrons is shown to be highly influenced by the target phantom and proton field size. By varying the field and phantom size, it was found that the fluence of low-energy neutrons can increase/decrease two orders of magnitude.
Wave Matrix Lindbladization I: Quantum Programs for Simulating Markovian Dynamics
Authors: Patel Dhrumil , Wilde Mark M.
Published: July 2023

Density Matrix Exponentiation is a technique for simulating Hamiltonian dynamics when the Hamiltonian to be simulated is available as a quantum state. In this paper, we present a natural analogue to this technique, for simulating Markovian dynamics governed by the well known Lindblad master equation. For this purpose, we first propose an input model in which a Lindblad operator [Formula: see text] is encoded into a quantum state [Formula: see text]. Then, given access to [Formula: see text] copies of the state [Formula: see text], the task is to simulate the corresponding Markovian dynamics for time [Formula: see text]. We propose a quantum algorithm for this task, called Wave Matrix Lindbladization, and we also investigate its sample complexity. We show that our algorithm uses [Formula: see text] samples of [Formula: see text] to achieve the target dynamics, with an approximation error of [Formula: see text].
Toward Automatically Connecting IoT Devices with Vulnerabilities in the Wild
Authors: Song Jinke , Wan Shangfeng , Huang Min , Liu Jiqiang , Sun Limin , Li Qiang
Published: July 2023

With the increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the internet, the industry and research community have become increasingly concerned about their security impact. Adversaries or hackers often exploit public security flaws to compromise IoT devices and launch cyber attacks. However, despite this growing concern, little effort has been made to investigate the detection of IoT devices and their underlying risks. To address this gap, this article proposes to automatically establish relationships between IoT devices and their vulnerabilities in the wild. Specifically, we construct a deep neural network (DNN) to extract semantic information from IoT packets and generate fine-grained fingerprints of IoT devices. This enables us to annotate IoT devices in cyberspace, including their device type, vendor, and product information. We collect vulnerability reports from various security sources and extract IoT device information from these reports to automatically match vulnerabilities with the fingerprints of IoT devices. We implemented a prototype system and conducted extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of our approach. The results show that our DNN model achieved a 98% precision rate and a 95% recall rate in IoT device fingerprinting. Furthermore, we collected and analyzed over 13,063 IoT-related vulnerability reports and our method automatically built 5,458 connections between IoT device fingerprints and their vulnerabilities. These findings shed light on the ongoing threat of cyber-attacks on IoT systems as both IoT devices and disclosed vulnerabilities are targets for malicious attackers.
Power Side-channel Attack Resistant Circuit Designs of ARX Ciphers Using High-level Synthesis
Authors: Inagaki Saya , Yang Mingyu , Li Yang , Sakiyama Kazuo , Hara-Azumi Yuko
Published: July 2023

In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, edge devices have been considerably diversified and are often designed using high-level synthesis (HLS) for improved design productivity. However, HLS tools were originally developed in a security-unaware manner, resulting in vulnerabilities to power side-channel attacks (PSCAs), which are a serious threat to IoT systems. Currently, the impact and applicability of existing methods to PSCA-resistant designs using HLS are limited. In this article, we propose an effective HLS-based design method for PSCA-resistant ciphers implemented in hardware. In particular, we focus on lightweight block ciphers composed of addition/rotation/XOR (ARX)-based permutations to study the effects of the threshold implementation (which is one of the provably secure countermeasures against PSCAs) to the behavioral descriptions of ciphers along with the changes in HLS scheduling. The results obtained using Welch’s t-test demonstrate that our proposed method can successfully improve the resistance against PSCAs for all ARX-based ciphers used as benchmarks.
An Approximate Algorithm for Maximum Inner Product Search over Streaming Sparse Vectors
Authors: Bruch Sebastian , Nardini Franco Maria , Ingber Amir , Liberty Edo
Published: July 2023

Maximum Inner Product Search or top-
k
retrieval on sparse vectors is well understood in information retrieval, with a number of mature algorithms that solve it exactly. However, all existing algorithms are tailored to text and frequency-based similarity measures. To achieve optimal memory footprint and query latency, they rely on the near stationarity of documents and on laws governing natural languages. We consider, instead, a setup in which collections are streaming—necessitating dynamic indexing—and where indexing and retrieval must work with arbitrarily distributed real-valued vectors. As we show, existing algorithms are no longer competitive in this setup, even against naïve solutions. We investigate this gap and present a novel
approximate
solution, called
Sinnamon
, that can efficiently retrieve the top-
k
results for sparse
real valued
vectors drawn from arbitrary distributions. Notably,
Sinnamon
offers levers to trade off memory consumption, latency, and accuracy, making the algorithm suitable for constrained applications and systems. We give theoretical results on the error introduced by the approximate nature of the algorithm and present an empirical evaluation of its performance on two hardware platforms and synthetic and real-valued datasets. We conclude by laying out concrete directions for future research on this general top-
k
retrieval problem over sparse vectors.