bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potential of the Synthetic Strigolactone Analogue GR24 for the Maintenance of Photosynthesis and Yield in Winter Wheat under Drought: Investigations on the Mechanisms of Action and Delivery Modes
Authors: Sedaghat Mojde , Emam Yahya , Mokhtassi-Bidgoli Ali , Hazrati Saeid , Lovisolo Claudio , Visentin Ivan , Cardinale Francesca , Tahmasebi-Sarvestani Zeinolabedin
Published: June 2021

Strigolactones (SLs) have been implicated in many plant biological and physiological processes, including the responses to abiotic stresses such as drought, in concert with other phytohormones. While it is now clear that exogenous SLs may help plants to survive in harsh environmental condition, the best, most effective protocols for treatment have not been defined yet, and the mechanisms of action are far from being fully understood. In the set of experiments reported here, we contrasted two application methods for treatment with a synthetic analog of SL, GR24. A number of morphometric, physiological and biochemical parameters were measured following foliar application of GR24 or application in the residual irrigation water in winter wheat plants under irrigated and drought stress conditions. Depending on the concentration and the method of GR24 application, differentiated photosynthesis and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, antioxidant enzyme activities and yield in drought conditions were observed. We present evidence that different methods of GR24 application led to increased photosynthesis and yield under stress by a combination of drought tolerance and escape factors, which should be considered for future research exploring the potential of this new family of bioactive molecules for practical applications.
Exploration of Epigenetics for Improvement of Drought and Other Stress Resistance in Crops: A Review
Authors: Sun Chao , Ali Kazim , Yan Kan , Fiaz Sajid , Dormatey Richard , Bi Zhenzhen , Bai Jiangping
Published: June 2021

Crop plants often have challenges of biotic and abiotic stresses, and they adapt sophisticated ways to acclimate and cope with these through the expression of specific genes. Changes in chromatin, histone, and DNA mostly serve the purpose of combating challenges and ensuring the survival of plants in stressful environments. Epigenetic changes, due to environmental stress, enable plants to remember a past stress event in order to deal with such challenges in the future. This heritable memory, called “plant stress memory”, enables plants to respond against stresses in a better and efficient way, not only for the current plant in prevailing situations but also for future generations. Development of stress resistance in plants for increasing the yield potential and stability has always been a traditional objective of breeders for crop improvement through integrated breeding approaches. The application of epigenetics for improvements in complex traits in tetraploid and some other field crops has been unclear. An improved understanding of epigenetics and stress memory applications will contribute to the development of strategies to incorporate them into breeding for complex agronomic traits. The insight in the application of novel plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) has opened a new plethora of options among plant scientists to develop germplasms for stress tolerance. This review summarizes and discusses plant stress memory at the intergenerational and transgenerational levels, mechanisms involved in stress memory, exploitation of induced and natural epigenetic changes, and genome editing technologies with their future possible applications, in the breeding of crops for abiotic stress tolerance to increase the yield for zero hunger goals achievement on a sustainable basis in the changing climatic era.
Evaluation of Scab and Mildew Resistance in the Gene Bank Collection of Apples in Dresden-Pillnitz
Authors: Höfer Monika , Flachowsky Henryk , Schröpfer Susan , Peil Andreas
Published: June 2021

A set of 680 apple cultivars from the Fruit Gene bank in Dresden Pillnitz was evaluated for the incidence of powdery mildew and scab in two consecutive years. The incidence of both scab and powdery mildew increased significantly in the second year. Sixty and 43 cultivars with very low incidence in both years of scab and powdery mildew, respectively, were analysed with molecular markers linked to known resistance genes. Thirty-five cultivars were identified to express alleles or combinations of alleles linked to Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi13, Rvi14, or Rvi17. Twenty of them, modern as well as a few traditional cultivars known before the introduction or Rvi6 from Malus floribunda 821, amplified the 159 bp fragment of marker CH_Vf1 that is linked to Rvi6. Alleles linked to Pl1, Pld, or Plm were expressed from five cultivars resistant to powdery mildew. Eleven cultivars were identified to have very low susceptibility to both powdery mildew and scab. The information on resistance/susceptibility of fruit genetic resources towards economically important diseases is important for breeding and for replanting traditional cultivars. Furthermore, our work provides a well-defined basis for the discovery of undescribed, new scab, and powdery mildew resistance.
Water Extract of Rubus coreanus Prevents Inflammatory Skin Diseases In Vitro Models
Authors: Pyeon Sumin , Kim Ok-Kyung , Yoon Ho-Geun , Kim Shintae , Choi Kyung-Chul , Lee Yoo-Hyun , Lee Jeongmin , Park Jeongjin , Jun Woojin
Published: June 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by immune hypersensitivity reaction. The cause of AD is unclear, but its symptoms have a negative effect on quality of life; various treatment methods to alleviate these symptoms are underway. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Rubus coreanus water extract (RCW) on AD. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoid content of RCW were 4242.40 ± 54.84 mg GAE/g RCE and 1010.99 ± 14.75 mg CE/g RCW, respectively. RCW reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species level and increased the action of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-stimulated HaCaT cells. Moreover, mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, was downregulated by RCW in the TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated cells. The levels of inflammatory chemokines (thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine; eotaxin; macrophage-derived chemokine; regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted; and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were decreased in the TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells after RCW treatment. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of filaggrin and involucrin, proteins that form the skin, were increased by RCW. Furthermore, RCW inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cells pathway in the TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. Collectively, the present investigation indicates that RCW is a potent substance that inhibits AD.
Computational Investigation of Inclusion Removal in the Steel-Refining Ladle Process
Authors: Guo Xipeng , Godinez Joel , Walla Nicholas J. , Silaen Armin K. , Oltmann Helmut , Thapliyal Vivek , Bhansali Abhishek , Pretorius Eugene , Zhou Chenn Q.
Published: June 2021

In a steel-refining ladle, the properties of manufactured steel can be notably degraded due to the presence of excessive inclusions. Stirring via gas injection through a porous plug is often used as part of the steel-refining process to reduce these inclusions. In this paper, 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is used to analyze transient multiphase flow and inclusion removal in a gas-stirred ladle. The effects of gas stirring with bubble-inclusion interaction are analyzed using the Euler–Euler approach for multiphase flow modeling, while the effects of inclusions aggregation and removal are modeled via a population balance model (PBM).
Control of Sunroof Buffeting Noise by Optimizing the Flow Field Characteristics of a Commercial Vehicle
Authors: Tang Rongjiang , He Hongbin , Lu Zengjun , Li Shenfang , Xu Enyong , Xiao Fei , Núñez-Delgado Avelino
Published: June 2021

When a commercial vehicle is driving with the sunroof open, it is easy for the problem of sunroof buffeting noise to occur. This paper establishes the basis for the design of a commercial vehicle model that solves the problem of sunroof buffeting noise, which is based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation technology. The large eddy simulation (LES) method was used to analyze the characteristics of the buffeting noise with different speed conditions while the sunroof was open. The simulation results showed that the small vortex generated in the cab forehead merges into a large vortex during the backward movement, and the turbulent vortex causes a resonance response in the cab cavity as the turbulent vortex moves above the sunroof and falls into the cab. Improving the flow field characteristics above the cab can reduce the sunroof buffeting noise. Focusing on the buffeting noise of commercial vehicles, it is proposed that the existing accessories, including sun visors and roof domes, are optimized to deal with the problem of sunroof buffeting noise. The sound pressure level of the sunroof buffeting noise was reduced by 6.7 dB after optimization. At the same time, the local pressure drag of the commercial vehicle was reduced, and the wind resistance coefficient was reduced by 1.55% compared to the original commercial vehicle. These results can be considered as relevant, with high potential applicability, within this field of research.
Drug Repurposing Using Biological Networks
Authors: Somolinos Francisco Javier , León Carlos , Guerrero-Aspizua Sara
Published: June 2021

Drug repositioning is a strategy to identify new uses for existing, approved, or research drugs that are outside the scope of its original medical indication. Drug repurposing is based on the fact that one drug can act on multiple targets or that two diseases can have molecular similarities, among others. Currently, thanks to the rapid advancement of high-performance technologies, a massive amount of biological and biomedical data is being generated. This allows the use of computational methods and models based on biological networks to develop new possibilities for drug repurposing. Therefore, here, we provide an in-depth review of the main applications of drug repositioning that have been carried out using biological network models. The goal of this review is to show the usefulness of these computational methods to predict associations and to find candidate drugs for repositioning in new indications of certain diseases.
Advanced Methods for Kiln-Shell Monitoring to Optimize the Waelz Process for Zinc Recycling
Authors: Vogelbacher Markus , Keller Sina , Zehm Wolfgang , Matthes Jörg
Published: June 2021

The recycling of zinc in the Waelz process is an important part of the efficient use of resources in the steel processing cycle. The pyro-metallurgical processing of zinc-containing wastes takes place in a Waelz rotary kiln. Various measured variables are available to monitor the process. The temperature of the kiln-shell is analyzed by an infrared kiln-shell-scanner. In this paper, methods are presented which eliminate external weather-related disturbances on the temperature measured by the kiln-shell-scanner using a weather model and which extend the monitoring of the regularly necessary melting process to remove accretions. For this purpose, an adapted sigmoid estimation is introduced for the melting process, which provides new information about the current process status and a forecast of the further development of the melting process. As an assistance system for the plant operator, this enables an efficient execution of the melting process and reduces downtimes.
Multimodal Classification of Parkinson’s Disease in Home Environments with Resiliency to Missing Modalities
Authors: Heidarivincheh Farnoosh , McConville Ryan , Morgan Catherine , McNaney Roisin , Masullo Alessandro , Mirmehdi Majid , Whone Alan L. , Craddock Ian
Published: June 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition that affects a patient’s everyday life. Authors have proposed that a machine learning and sensor-based approach that continuously monitors patients in naturalistic settings can provide constant evaluation of PD and objectively analyse its progression. In this paper, we make progress toward such PD evaluation by presenting a multimodal deep learning approach for discriminating between people with PD and without PD. Specifically, our proposed architecture, named MCPD-Net, uses two data modalities, acquired from vision and accelerometer sensors in a home environment to train variational autoencoder (VAE) models. These are modality-specific VAEs that predict effective representations of human movements to be fused and given to a classification module. During our end-to-end training, we minimise the difference between the latent spaces corresponding to the two data modalities. This makes our method capable of dealing with missing modalities during inference. We show that our proposed multimodal method outperforms unimodal and other multimodal approaches by an average increase in F1-score of 0.25 and 0.09, respectively, on a data set with real patients. We also show that our method still outperforms other approaches by an average increase in F1-score of 0.17 when a modality is missing during inference, demonstrating the benefit of training on multiple modalities.
A Probabilistic Model for Real-Time Semantic Prediction of Human Motion Intentions from RGBD-Data
Authors: Houtman Wouter , Bijlenga Gosse , Torta Elena , Molengraft René van de
Published: June 2021

For robots to execute their navigation tasks both fast and safely in the presence of humans, it is necessary to make predictions about the route those humans intend to follow. Within this work, a model-based method is proposed that relates human motion behavior perceived from RGBD input to the constraints imposed by the environment by considering typical human routing alternatives. Multiple hypotheses about routing options of a human towards local semantic goal locations are created and validated, including explicit collision avoidance routes. It is demonstrated, with real-time, real-life experiments, that a coarse discretization based on the semantics of the environment suffices to make a proper distinction between a person going, for example, to the left or the right on an intersection. As such, a scalable and explainable solution is presented, which is suitable for incorporation within navigation algorithms.
Identifying Patient–Ventilator Asynchrony on a Small Dataset Using Image-Based Transfer Learning
Authors: Pan Qing , Jia Mengzhe , Liu Qijie , Zhang Lingwei , Pan Jie , Lu Fei , Zhang Zhongheng , Fang Luping , Ge Huiqing
Published: June 2021

Mechanical ventilation is an essential life-support treatment for patients who cannot breathe independently. Patient–ventilator asynchrony (PVA) occurs when ventilatory support does not match the needs of the patient and is associated with a series of adverse clinical outcomes. Deep learning methods have shown a strong discriminative ability for PVA detection, but they require a large number of annotated data for model training, which hampers their application to this task. We developed a transfer learning architecture based on pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNN) and used it for PVA recognition based on small datasets. The one-dimensional signal was converted to a two-dimensional image, and features were extracted by the CNN using pretrained weights for classification. A partial dropping cross-validation technique was developed to evaluate model performance on small datasets. When using large datasets, the performance of the proposed method was similar to that of non-transfer learning methods. However, when the amount of data was reduced to 1%, the accuracy of transfer learning was approximately 90%, whereas the accuracy of the non-transfer learning was less than 80%. The findings suggest that the proposed transfer learning method can obtain satisfactory accuracies for PVA detection when using small datasets. Such a method can promote the application of deep learning to detect more types of PVA under various ventilation modes.
A New Flattened Cylinder Specimen for Direct Tensile Test of Rock
Authors: Rao Qiuhua , Liu Zelin , Ma Chunde , Yi Wei , Xie Weibin
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, researchers have paid more attention to the indirect tensile test than to the direct tensile test (DTT) of rocks, mainly due to difficulties in the alignment and the stress concentration at the end of an intact cylindrical specimen. In this paper, a new flattened cylinder specimen and a clamp device were designed to obtain the true tensile strength of the rock in DTT. Stress distributions of the specimen with different lengths (l) and cutting thicknesses (t) were analyzed, and damage processes of the specimen were monitored by the Digital Image Correlation (DIC), the fractured sections were also scanned. Different mechanical parameters were also obtained by the DTT of the flattened cylinder specimens and the intact cylinder specimens, as well as the Brazilian disc. Research results show that the tensile strength obtained by DTT is smaller than the Brazilian disc and is slightly greater than the intact cylindrical specimen. The flattened cylinder specimen with 0.20 ≤ 2t/D < 0.68 and 0.10 ≤ l/D ≤ 0.20 is recommended to measure the true tensile strength of rock material in DTT. This new shape of the specimen is promising to be extended in the uniaxial or triaxial direct tension test.
The Interacting Multiple Model Filter and Smoother on Boxplus-Manifolds
Authors: Koller Tom L. , Frese Udo
Published: June 2021

Hybrid systems are subject to multiple dynamic models, or so-called modes. To estimate the state, the sequence of modes has to be estimated, which results in an exponential growth of possible sequences. The most prominent solution to handle this is the interacting multiple model filter, which can be extended to smoothing. In this paper, we derive a novel generalization of the interacting multiple filter and smoother to manifold state spaces, e.g., quaternions, based on the boxplus-method. As part thereof, we propose a linear approximation to the mixing of Gaussians and a Rauch–Tung–Striebel smoother for single models on boxplus-manifolds. The derivation of the smoother equations is based on a generalized definition of Gaussians on boxplus-manifolds. The three, novel algorithms are evaluated in a simulation and perform comparable to specialized solutions for quaternions. So far, the benefit of the more principled approach is the generality towards manifold state spaces. The evaluation and generic implementations are published open source.
Ultraviolet Radiation Sensor Based on ZnO Nanorods/La3Ga5SiO14 Microbalance
Authors: Roshchupkin Dmitry , Redkin Arkady , Emelin Eugenii , Sakharov Sergey
Published: June 2021

The possibility of creating resonant ultraviolet (UV) sensors based on the structure of ZnO nanorods/La3Ga5SiO14 microbalance (LCM) has been investigated. The principle of sensor operation is based on the desorption of oxygen from the surface of ZnO nanorods upon irradiation with UV light and an increase in the concentration of charge carriers that leads to an increase in the capacitance of the structure of ZnO nanorods/LCM. It has been shown that UV radiation intensity affects the resonance oscillation frequency of the LCM sensor. After the end of irradiation, the reverse process of oxygen adsorption on the surface of ZnO nanorods occurs, and the resonance frequency of the sensor oscillations returns to the initial value.
Optimization of the Unambiguity of Cross-Correlated Ultrasonic Signals through Coded Excitation Sequences for Robust Time-of-Flight Measurements
Authors: Schäfer Marius , Theado Hendrik , Becker Michael M. , Fischer Sarah C. L.
Published: June 2021

The cross-correlation function (CCF) is an established technique to calculate time-of-flight for ultrasonic signals. However, the quality of the CCF depends on the shape of the input signals. In many use cases, the CCF can exhibit secondary maxima in the same order of magnitude as the main maximum, making its interpretation less robust against external disturbances. This paper describes an approach to optimize ultrasonic signals for time-of-flight measurements through coded excitation sequences. The main challenge for applying coded excitation sequences to ultrasonic signals is the influence of the piezoelectric transducer on the outgoing signal. Thus, a simulation model to describe the transfer function of an experimental setup was developed and validated with common code sequences such as pseudo noise sequences (PN), Barker codes and chirp signals. Based on this model an automated optimization of ultrasonic echoes was conducted with random generated sequences, resulting in a decrease in the secondary positive maximum of the CCF to 56.6%. Based on these results, further empiric optimization leveraging the nonlinear regime of the piezoelectric transducer resulted in an even lower secondary positive maximum of the CCF with a height of 25% of the first maximum. Experiments were conducted on different samples to show that the findings hold true for small variations in the experimental setup; however, further work is necessary to develop transfer functions and simulations able to include a wider parameter space, such as varying transducer types or part geometry.
Acceptable Behavior or Workplace Bullying?—How Perpetrator Gender and Hierarchical Status Affect Third Parties’ Attributions and Moral Judgments of Negative Behaviors
Authors: Zedlacher Eva , Salin Denise
Published: June 2021

Workplace bullying consists of repeated, long-term exposure to a variety of negative behaviors. However, it remains unclear when behaviors are seen as morally acceptable vs. become bullying. Moral judgments affect whether third parties deem it necessary to intervene. In this qualitative study, we first conceptualize and then explore via 27 interviews with Austrian HR professionals and employee representatives whether twelve diverse negative behaviors elicit distinct causal attributions and moral judgments. In particular, we examine how a perpetrator’s hierarchical position and gender shape the third parties’ evaluations. A qualitative content analysis reveals the behaviors vary in their perceived acceptability and associations with workplace bullying. Ambiguous behaviors require specific cues such a perpetrator’s malicious intent to be labeled workplace bullying. Overall, third parties judge behaviors by supervisors more harshly, particularly when managerial role expectations are violated. The majority of informants reject the notion that their perceptions are affected by perpetrator gender. Still, women who engage in behaviors associated with anger or a lack of empathy are often perceived as acting with intent. The findings suggest that the violation of social role expectations amplifies the attribution of dispositional causes (e.g., malicious intent). We discuss the relevance of perpetrator intent for research and practice.
Sustainable Chemistry—A New Open Access Journal
Authors: Jones Matthew D.
Published: June 2021

There are many issues facing society, such as energy/food/water security, plastic pollution, antibiotic resistance, global warming and the COVID-19 pandemic [...]
Mechanisms of Metal-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Cheng Hong , Yang Bobo , Ke Tao , Li Shaojun , Yang Xiaobo , Aschner Michael , Chen Pan
Published: June 2021

Metals are actively involved in multiple catalytic physiological activities. However, metal overload may result in neurotoxicity as it increases formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevates oxidative stress in the nervous system. Mitochondria are a key target of metal-induced toxicity, given their role in energy production. As the brain consumes a large amount of energy, mitochondrial dysfunction and the subsequent decrease in levels of ATP may significantly disrupt brain function, resulting in neuronal cell death and ensuing neurological disorders. Here, we address contemporary studies on metal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and its impact on the nervous system.
Integrated Core Proteomics, Subtractive Proteomics, and Immunoinformatics Investigation to Unveil a Potential Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Schistosomiasis
Authors: Rehman Abdur , Ahmad Sajjad , Shahid Farah , Albutti Aqel , Alwashmi Ameen S. S. , Aljasir Mohammad Abdullah , Alhumeed Naif , Qasim Muhammad , Ashfaq Usman Ali , Tahir ul Qamar Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that causes considerable morbidity and mortality in the world. Infections of parasitic blood flukes, known as schistosomes, cause the disease. No vaccine is available yet and thus there is a need to design an effective vaccine against schistosomiasis. Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, and Schistosoma haematobium are the main pathogenic species that infect humans. In this research, core proteomics was combined with a subtractive proteomics pipeline to identify suitable antigenic proteins for the construction of a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) against human-infecting Schistosoma species. The pipeline revealed two antigenic proteins—calcium binding and mycosubtilin synthase subunit C—as promising vaccine targets. T and B cell epitopes from the targeted proteins were predicted using multiple bioinformatics and immunoinformatics databases. Seven cytotoxic T cell lymphocytes (CTL), three helper T cell lymphocytes (HTL), and four linear B cell lymphocytes (LBL) epitopes were fused with a suitable adjuvant and linkers to design a 217 amino-acid-long MEV. The vaccine was coupled with a TLR-4 agonist (RS-09; Sequence: APPHALS) adjuvant to enhance the immune responses. The designed MEV was stable, highly antigenic, and non-allergenic to human use. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MMGBSA) analysis were performed to study the binding affinity and molecular interactions of the MEV with human immune receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) and MHC molecules (MHC I and MHC II). The MEV expression capability was tested in an Escherichia coli (strain-K12) plasmid vector pET-28a(+). Findings of these computer assays proved the MEV as highly promising in establishing protective immunity against the pathogens; nevertheless, additional validation by in vivo and in vitro experiments is required to discuss its real immune-protective efficacy.
Artificial Intelligence In Oncology
Authors: Pakhomova A. A.
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of a questionnaire survey of schoolchildren about learning problems during the new type of COVID 2019 coronavirus pandemic. The author analyzes issues related to the well-being of schoolchildren, their psychological state, relationships with people around them, and motivation to study. In conclusion, the author notes the need to organize distance learning, taking into account the physiological characteristics of children, compliance with the work and rest regime.
On The Issue Of Improving The Health Of Divers
Authors: Doronina Marina Nikolaevna , Shilova Natalya Grigorievna , Sokolovskaya Elena Konstantinovna
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of divers’ health protection. The authors present their experience in organizing medical examinations of divers and their results. According to the data obtained,the authors note trends in the deterioration of the health of divers, which increases the requirements for the quality of medical examinations of this group of workers. In addition, the authors believe that medical care for divers should be provided only by medical organizations that have a multi-specialty hospital. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the need to improve the regulatory framework governing the organization of medical care for divers.
Current Understanding Of Cardiovascular Remodeling In Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Minyukhina Irina Evgenjevna
Published: June 2021

High mortality from cardiovascular complications in patients receiving renal replacement therapy determines the relevance of studying the mechanisms of changes in the heart and vascular wall in this group of patients. There is no doubt about the faster development of atherosclerosis and the formation of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. However, the features of the dynamics of changes during ongoing program hemodialysis and after kidney transplantation remain insufficiently studied.
The features of the work of a multidiscipline polyclinic nurse in the context of COVID-19
Authors: Pudovinnikova Larisa Yuldashevna
Published: June 2021

The outbreak of the COVID-2019 pandemic in 2020 posed challenging tasks for healthcare workers related to the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with the new infection.
Lessons from a Landscape Irrigation Rebate Program in Miami Dade County
Authors: Bayabil Haimanote , Vasquez Laura , Lomeli Jesus , Martin Patrick
Published: June 2021

We calculated savings in outdoor water uses from 37 properties in Fisher Island, Florida, that were retrofitted with smart Evapotranspiration-based irrigation controllers through the Miami Dade County’s Landscape Irrigation Rebate Program. We found average water savings of 11.4 million gallons per year from the 37 properties on the island. We discuss the roles of extension personnel in developing and effectively managing an irrigation rebate program and the implications of results from this program for large scale efforts towards efficient use of freshwater resources.
Empowering Teens to Make a Difference in Their At-Risk Community
Authors: Rothenburger Lisa , Torretta Alayne
Published: June 2021

When identifying problems and creating solutions that support the community culture of health, youths provide a unique perspective. This article describes how staff from Somerset County, NJ 4-H partnered with staff from Middle Earth, an at-risk youth service provider, to organize a group of teens who identified and implemented projects that affect the health and wellness of their community of Bound Brook, NJ.  Extension professionals can replicate a sustainable and synergistic youth-adult partnership by creating the opportunities, making the initial connections within the community, and following the 4-H club model to ensure teens experience the essential elements.
Active Vaccine Safety Surveillance: Global Trends and Challenges in China
Authors: Liu Zhike , Meng Ruogu , Yang Yu , Li Keli , Yin Zundong , Ren Jingtian , Shen Chuanyong , Feng Zijian , Zhan Siyan
Published: June 2021

Importance
. The great success in vaccine-preventable diseases has been accompanied by vaccine safety concerns. This has caused vaccine hesitancy to be the top 10 in threats to global health. The comprehensive understanding of adverse events following immunization should be entirely based on clinical trials and postapproval surveillance. It has increasingly been recognized worldwide that the active surveillance of vaccine safety should be an essential part of immunization programs due to its complementary advantages to passive surveillance and clinical trials.
Highlights
. In the present study, the framework of vaccine safety surveillance was summarized to illustrate the importance of active surveillance and address vaccine hesitancy or safety concerns. Then, the global progress of active surveillance systems was reviewed, mainly focusing on population-based or hospital-based active surveillance. With these successful paradigms, the practical and reliable ways to create robust and similar systems in China were discussed and presented from the perspective of available databases, methodology challenges, policy supports, and ethical considerations.
Conclusion
. In the inevitable trend of the global vaccine safety ecosystem, the establishment of an active surveillance system for vaccine safety in China is urgent and feasible. This process can be accelerated with the consensus and cooperation of regulatory departments, research institutions, and data owners.
Süleyman Turan Kutsal ve Hayvan: Dinlerin Hayvanlara Bakışı
Authors: BAYRAM Ayten
Published: June 2021

‘’Kutsal ve Hayvan’’ başlığını taşıyan bir çalışmada, doğrudan kutsal ve hayvan ile ilişkili olan kurban kavramına yer verilmesi, teknik olarak ise kitabın akademik dilde sıklıkla görülen dil sınırlılıklarını aşmış olduğunu görmekteyiz. Bölümlerin kendi içerisinde işlenmesi kitabın genelinde bir düzenin hâkim olmasının yanı sıra konuların da tutarlı bir bütünlükle işlendiği görülmektedir. Kitap değindiği muhteva açısından Türkiye’de din alanında yapılan çalışmalarda eksikliği hissedilen bir konu olduğu görülmektedir. Bu minvalde alan çalışmaları yapacakların başvuracağı kaynaklara eklenecek türdedir.
L’émergence des troubles du spectre de l’autisme chez les bébés à haut risque : Implications pour le dépistage et l’accompagnement précoce
Authors: Franchini Martina , Schaer Marie , Eliez Stephan
Published: June 2021

Dans cet article, nous présentons les avancées scientifiques amenées par les études auprès de jeunes bébés à risque de développer un Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme (TSA), notamment auprès de jeunes frères et sœurs chez lesquels la prévalence de ce diagnostic est de 10 à 20%. Des études prospectives auprès de ces jeunes bébés, chez lesquels un diagnostic de TSA s’est par la suite confirmé, ont permis de mettre en évidence que certaines difficultés sur le plan clinique et dans le développement peuvent déjà être détectées avant l’âge auquel un diagnostic peut être formellement posé (c.à.d. dans les deux premières années de vie des enfants). Cela a des implications importantes autant pour le dépistage précoce que pour les réflexions autour de la mise en place d’interventions encore plus précoces. En effet, l’âge du début des interventions précoces en autisme est un facteur important pour un meilleur pronostic, avec des implications également sur le plan économique.
Pelatihan Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah dan Publikasi Jurnal Ilmiah Bagi Guru-Guru di Kabupaten Tuban
Authors: Fadiana Mu'jizatin , Warli Warli , Sulistyaningrum Heny , Rahayu Puji
Published: June 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilatar belakangi oleh masih rendahnya kemampuan menulis karya ilmiah pada guru-guru. Tujuan kegiatan adalah meningkatkan kemampuan guru-guru dalam menyusun artikel ilmiah berbasis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Metode kegiatan ini berupa pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada peserta. Pelatihan dilaksanakan dalam jaringan (daring) melalui aplikasi zoom, sedangkan pendampingan juga dilaksanakan daring melalui aplikasi Grup Telegram . Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan melaui 4 tahap,meliputi; tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap pendampingan, dan tahap evaluasi. Instrumen untuk mengukur keberhasilan proses dan hasil pelatihan menggunakan angket dan lembar evaluasi. Berdasarkan data hasil pengabdian masyarakat dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan guru-guru tentang penulisan karya tulis ilmiah, publikasi karya ilmiah dan profesionalisme guru mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dari keberhasilan guru dalam mempublikasikan artikel ilmiah. Serta terjalin hubungan kerjasama yang efektif antara MGMP dan prodi pendidikan matematika FKIP Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban.
Reseña. La Bizkaia de Navarra. Memorias de un valle en silencio
Authors: Navallas Juan Manuel
Published: June 2021

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Law enforcement agencies’ approach to de-escalation: Incorporating a social services perspective
Authors: Deveau Lisa
Published: June 2021

In this critical review and social innovation narrative, we analyze the literature regarding Canadian law enforcement agencies’ approach to de-escalation and crisis intervention. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we consider how the skills and values of social work can be used to inform and train officers on essential skills such as de-escalation and conflict resolution. We look at the systemic barriers to bringing about change within Canadian police forces as the current culture continues to be influenced by colonization and law enforcement continues to value and endorse use of force over de-escalation. While services can benefit by applying an interdisciplinary lens when training officers, the factors that impede this union and collaboration are discussed and explored as police services are given immense discretion in how they train and respond to mental health crises. In conclusion, we examine the government’s role in perpetuating these issues.
Devlet Konservatuvarı Opera Anasanat Dalı Öğrencilerinin Piyano Dersine İlişkin Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: TUNÇ Turgay , BAYDAĞ Cemalettin
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Devlet Konservatuvarı Opera Anasanat dalı öğrencilerinin piyano dersine ilişkin tutumlarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın nicel kısmında genel tarama modeli kullanılırken, nitel kısmında yedi öğrenciyle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında, Batı Karadeniz bölgesinde yer alan bir devlet üniversitesinde lisans öğrenimi gören 38 konservatuvar öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilerin piyano dersine ilişkin tutumlarının düzeyini belirlemek için “Piyano Dersine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen nicel veriler, çift yönlü varyans analizi ile değerlendirilmiş, verileri çözümlemede “aritmetik ortalama”, “yüzde” ve “frekans” dağılımları kullanılmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin piyano dersine ilişkin tutumları arasında cinsiyet değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmazken, piyano dersine ait not ortalamaları ile tutumlar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin piyano dersine ilişkin tutumlarının ise orta düzeyde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Görüşmeler sonucunda; öğrencilerin genel olarak piyano dersinin gerekli olduğuna inandıkları, piyano dersinin zorunlu olması gerektiğini düşündükleri ortaya çıkmıştır.
Extending the learning and communicating shout-ahead architecture with user-defined exception rules -- a case study for traffic light controls
Authors: Roatis Christian , Denzinger Jorg
Published: June 2021

We present an extension of the shout-ahead agent architecture that allows for adding human user-defined exception rules to the rules created by the hybrid learning approach for this architecture. The user-defined rules can be added after learning as reaction to weaknesses of the learned rules or learning can be performed with the user-defined rules already in place.
We applied the extended shout-ahead architecture and the associated learning to a new application area, cooperating controllers for the traffic lights of intersections. In our experimental evaluations, adding user-defined exception rules to the learned rules for several traffic flow instances increased the efficiency of the resulting controllers substantially compared to just using the learned rules. Performing learning with user-defined exception rules already in place decreased the learning time substantially for all flows, but had mixed results with respect to efficiency. We also evaluated user-defined exception rules for a variant of the architecture that is not using communication and saw similar effects as for the variant with communication. For the communicating version, both variants of adding user-defined exception rules create controllers that are much more flexible than what using the original shout-ahead architecture with its learning is able to create as indicated by experiments with variations of flows.
A Novel Dual Quaternion Based Cost Effcient Recursive Newton-Euler Inverse Dynamics Algorithm
Authors: de Farias Cristiana Miranda
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the well known recursive Newton-Euler
inverse dynamics algorithm for serial manipulators is reformulated into
the context of the algebra of Dual Quaternions. Here we structure
the forward kinematic description with screws and line displacements
rather than the well established Denavit-Hartemberg parameters, thus
accounting better efficiency, compactness and simpler dynamical models.
We also present here the closed solution for the dqRNEA, and to do
so we formalize some of the algebra for dual quaternion-vectors and
dual quaternion-matrices. With a closed formulation of the dqRNEA
we also create a dual quaternion based formulation for the computed
torque control, a feedback linearization method for controlling a serial
manipulator's torques in the joint space. Finally, a cost analysis of the
main Dual Quaternions operations and of the Newton-Euler inverse
dynamics algorithm as a whole is made and compared with other results
in the literature.
Behavioral Link Analytics on Heterogeneous Human Interaction Networks
Authors: Atzmueller Martin
Published: June 2021

For designing and modeling Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in the area of human-machine interaction, suitable approaches for
user modeling are important in order to both capture user characteristics. Using multimodal data, this can be performed from various perspectives. Specifically, for modeling user interactions in human interaction networks, appropriate approaches for capturing those interactions,
as well as to analyze them in order to extract meaningful patterns are
important. Specifically, for modeling user behavior for the respective AI
systems, we can make use of diverse heterogeneous data sources. This paper investigates face-to-face as well as socio-spatial interaction networks
for modeling user interactions from three perspectives: We analyze preferences and perceptions of human social interactions in relation to the
interactions observed using wearable sensors, i. e., face-to-face as well
as socio-spatial interactions fo the respective actors. For that, we investigate the correspondence of according networks, in order to identify
conformance, exceptions, and anomalies. The analysis is performed on
a real-world dataset capturing networks of proximity interactions coupled with self-report questionnaires about preferences and perception of
those interactions. The different networks, and according perspectives
then provide different options for user modeling and integration into AI
systems modeling such user behavior.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK TERIPANG (H.atra) DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)
Authors: Bawole Avinda Shania Wiane , Wewengkang Defny S. , Antasionasti Irma
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTUtilization of marine life is not just consumptive but can be used as raw material for medicines, one of which is sea cucumber. Sea cucumbers (H.atra) are marine invertebrates belonging to the Echinoderms phylum which have been studied containing antioxidants. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber (H.atra) extract taken from the waters of Manado Bay using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Sea cucumber samples were extracted using the maceration method. The ethanol extract of sea cucumber showed high antioxidant activity at a concentration of 8 μg / ml with 77.83% inhibition percentage. Keywords: H.atra, Antioxidant, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl).  ABSTRAKPemanfaatan biota laut bukan hanya sekedar konsumtif saja tapi dapat berpotensi sebagai bahan baku obat-obatan salah satunya teripang. Teripang (H.atra) adalah hewan invertebrata laut yang termasuk ke dalam filum Echinodermata  yang pernah diteliti mengandung antioksidan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian untuk mengatehui aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak teripang (H.atra) yang diambil dari perairan Teluk Manado dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Sampel teripang diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi. Ekstrak etanol teripang menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi pada konsentrasi 8 μg/ml dengan persen inhibisi 77,83%. Kata kunci:  H.atra, Antioksidan, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)
O uso da rede social Weibo na melhoria do domínio do sistema flexional em Português pelos aprendentes chineses
Authors: Zhang Yuxiong , Moreira António
Published: June 2021

Sendo uma língua radicalmente diferente da sua primeira língua, os aprendentes chineses normalmente demonstram algumas dificuldades durante a aprendizagem inicial de português, especialmente em relação à flexão que não existe naquela. Considerando a popularização das redes sociais dentre a comunidade juvenil, aproveitamos a plataforma de microblogue de origem chinesa Weibo para criar um ambiente virtual de interação entre estudantes chineses e falantes nativos da língua portuguesa. Duas intervenções respectivamente com cinco estudantes portuguesas de mandarim e uma leitora portuguesa de Português Língua Estrangeira foram realizadas nos anos letivos 2018/2019 e 2019/2020 com os objetivos principais de entender as suas maiores dificuldades causadas pelos conceitos lingüísticos adquiridos na sua língua materna durante a aprendizagem e identificar a influência trazida pela interação com os falantes nativos durante quatorze semanas no domínio do sistema flexional na língua portuguesa, nomeadamente, concordância verbal, formação dos tempos e modos verbais e concordâncias nominais de gênero e de número pelos aprendentes. Posteriormente, erros cometidos durante as atividades foram analisados consoante a ferramenta MaxQDA. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, alguns participantes chineses demonstraram um progresso no uso dos tempos e modos verbais e na concordância nominal de número, evidenciando as potencialidades da aplicação da rede social como uma abordagem possível para reforçar o domínio da flexão da língua portuguesa pelos falantes chineses iniciantes. Ainda assim, os estudantes revelaram certas dificuldades na aprendizagem, especialmente quanto aos conceitos que não existem no sistema linguístico da sua primeira língua.
A utilização dos recursos tecnológicos no ensino e aprendizagem de língua inglesa
Authors: Signor de Souza Daiane , Bender de Sousa Lucilene
Published: June 2021

Os recursos tecnológicos vêm provocando importantes mudanças na educação e adquirindo cada vez mais espaço em sala de aula. Diante dessas transformações, este artigo tem o objetivo de investigar como os recursos tecnológicos podem auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de inglês como língua adicional através da pesquisa bibliográfica. Os inúmeros sites e aplicativos encontrados podem ser usados para desenvolver habilidades comunicativas específicas ou para o trabalho com a língua de forma integral. No entanto, para que haja um melhor aproveitamento desses recursos, é imprescindível que o professor se coloque na posição de mediador, conheça e use essas ferramentas, bem como incentive a autonomia dos seus alunos de forma que possam complementar o ensino com as atividades on-line fora da sala de aula. Nesse contexto, o professor exerce papel fundamental, guiando os alunos na aprendizagem da língua e na exploração de ferramentas tecnológicas que oportunizam a eles maior autonomia e responsabilidade na construção do conhecimento.