bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic Factors of Corporate E-learning among E-learners in an Oil and Gas Company
Authors: Mohd Hazwan Mohd Puad, Habibah Ab Jalil Sharmini Marilyn Balakrishnan,
Published: April 2021

Organizations that use e-learning as a tool to educate their employees have either reaped the benefits or struggled with its implementation. The dominant reason for this is corporate e-learning overlaps the organizational, human, and technological aspects of learning. Previous research has compartmentalized the research by studying these three aspects separately, so there is little insight on how these variables affect corporate e-learning. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels and differences of organizational learning, e-learning quality, and e-learning use according to the demographic groups of corporate e-learners in a Malaysian oil and gas company. A quantitative survey method was applied to collect data from 261 participants using a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire. The results revealed the level of overall organizational learning, e-learning quality, and e-learning use was moderate. Furthermore, organizational learning, e-learning quality, and e-learning use were significantly different for gender, department, and job position demographic groups. However, age and working experience did not show a significant difference for these variables. The findings from this study provide a bottom-up insight to stakeholders and managers when investing in and implementing e-learning at the organization.
Teacher Questioning in Mathematics Teaching: Feedback that Stimulates Productive Teaching
Authors: Et al. Muhammad Sofwan Mahmud
Published: April 2021

: Providing feedback to the student responses in the oral questioning process is an essential element in helping the students to understand the concept of mathematics. This study was conducted to describe the types of feedback given by primary school mathematics teachers regarding the student response in the oral questioning process when teaching mathematics. This qualitative study employed a multiple case study research design. The data was obtained through observation methods, interviews, document analysis, and field notes. The data collected was analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method to obtain the themes and sub-themes within the primary data. The selection of the study participants used the purposive sampling method, resulting in a total of six primary school mathematics teachers consisting of three new teachers and three experienced teachers. This study found that both the novice and experienced teachers provided a variety of feedback for the students' responses to the oral questioning activities during the mathematics teaching process, such as repeated trial feedback, explanatory feedback and easier questions feedback. This research provides a deeper understanding of how the different types of feedback given by the teachers as part of the oral questioning activities helps the students to stimulate their thinking.
Implementation of Oral Questioning in Assessing Student Learning In Mathematics Teaching In Primary Schools
Authors: Et al. Muhammad Sofwan Mahmud
Published: April 2021

POral questioning has various roles in teaching mathematics and is often used as one of the strategies for assessing student learning formatively. However, not much is known about how primary school mathematics teachers use oral questioning to assess student learning because previous studies have focused more on oral questioning in general in terms of its implementation in teaching. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore how primary school mathematics teachers use oral questioning to assess student learning in mathematics teaching. This study is qualitative in the form of a case study involving six school mathematics teachers selected using the purposive sampling method. Data for this study were collected using observation methods, interviews and field notes. Next, the data obtained were analysed using constant comparative analysis using Atlas ti. 8 software to obtain themes and sub-themes. The study found that oral questioning helps teachers gather information about student learning to improve, make decisions on teaching and ensures that students master the topics taught. Thus, it is clear that oral questioning has a broad role in teaching, especially in assessing student learning while improving teaching quality. This study has a significant impact on teachers' instruction. The use of oral questioning needs to be intensified and expanded to enable mathematics teaching activities to be implemented more meaningfully through a formative assessment conducted through oral questioning activities.
Design and Analysis of FS-TSPC-DET Flip-Flop for IoT Applications
Authors: K. Naresh, N. Gopi Krishna, R. Sri Hari K.V.K.V.L Pavan Kumar, V S V Prabhakar,
Published: April 2021

The paper outlines the utmost importance of energy-efficient devices for IoT applications and recommends adual edge-triggeredTSPC flip-flop in fully-static mode at 45nm technology with low supply rail carried out in CMOS using MENTOR GRAPHICS tool.The proposed flip-flop proved to be energy efficient compared to traditional double and single edge-triggered flip-flops in terms of latency, power, the figure of merit and area for IoT applications. A comparison of two types of dual-edge triggered flip-flops are analyzed concerning the mentioned performance metrics and deduces the best flip-flop for IoT applications. Clock overlap issues are turning down in dual edge-triggered TSPC flip-flopcompared with a conventional dual edge-triggered flip-flop in full static modeand allow stringent operation at 1V supply rail thatdelivers1.14uW power, 0.60fJ figure of merit and 531.99ps latency at 45nm CMOS.
Development of the Medical Information System for the Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Lee Seong-Ran
Published: April 2021

This study is to develop a medical information system for the treatment of hepatitis B virus.The study surveyed 154 people who visited the internal medicine department of the general hospital from August 5, 2019 to October 21, 2019 in the C area. The data were surveyed and interviewed.. .The general characteristics of the subjects were used by chi-square test. The change in patient condition was analyzed as t-test following the application of the information system.The results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that eating sprout barley after applying the information system was significantly higher than before the system was applied(t=-4.16, p<.01).. Second, liver disease has decreased since the 6th day of application of information system applied information system. However, liver disease has been on the rise again since the 18th This paper means its influence by accepting a specific strategic performance approach. The findings from the study confirmed that this information system is effective.
A Study on the Qualitative Data Analysis for Customer Experience Management Strategy
Authors: Jeungsun Lee Jinho Ahn,
Published: April 2021

Securing customer experience data that creates positive emotions for customers and differentiates them from products and services from competitors is becoming important to a company's growth engine. In particular, an important factor in the management of experience data requires a qualitative-based experience data processing method to secure good experience data different from the quantitative data collection such as big data and processing method. With the emergence of the experience economy, it is very important for companies to collect and process experience data in the existing big data processing method. However, the experience data processing method based on big data that analyses the current quantitative data is difficult to provide good experience data from a corporate data strategic point of view. In particular, for corporate customer experience management, mix studies are required for analysis method of qualitative experience data to meaningfully interpret the expansive quantitative experience data of big data and phenomena and context in social science. This is because it is possible to discover the meaning of experience data by reading the context of phenomena by collecting experiences through ethnography methods such as observation or interviewing the context that could not be read in the process of processing the vast quantitative experience data of the big data method. In this study, the first processing was performed as an affinity diagram through a method of collecting experience data using ethnography method. Secondly, the effect of the qualitative experience data processing method on customer experience management, customer loyalty reinforcement, and enterprise value creation was studied. As a result, only the research hypothesis that there was a direct relationship between the affinity method and the utilization of experience data was rejected, and all the research settings set for the remaining qualitative experience data processing and utilization model were adopted.
Graph-Based Representation Of Syntactic Structures Of Natural Languages Based On Dependency Relations
Authors: Hee-kyung Moon Chang-ho An, Zhanfang Zhao,
Published: April 2021

Deep Learning approach using probability distribution to natural language processing achieves significant accomplishment. However, natural languages have inherent linguistic structures rather than probabilistic distribution. This paper presents a new graph-based representation of syntactic structures called syntactic knowledge graph based on dependency relations. This paper investigates the valency theory and the markedness principle of natural languages to derive an appropriate set of dependency relations for the syntactic knowledge graph. A new set of dependency relations derived from the markers is proposed. This paper also demonstrates the representation of various linguistic structures to validate the feasibility of syntactic knowledge graphs.
Some of the methods used to solve complete and incomplete differential equations
Authors: SADIQ BASHEER ABD AL-RIDA
Published: April 2021

This paper studies the methods used to solve complete and in complete differential equations and types of first order and second order and Exact differential equation to solve integration general in This equation Fur there more, and the Special cases to find the integration factor use solve those types of equations is use as well,supported by a relevant variety of examples.
Optimized computational techniques-based inventory control process in supply chain management
Authors: Tarish Hiba A.
Published: April 2021

Now-a-days, supply chain management is one of the crucial factors in business for identifying the flow of goods, raw material storage, movement of products and inventory process so on. The main aim of the supply chain management process is to provide the valuable business services, infrastructure, logistic control and inventory control to the business for improving the business. Among the various supply chain factors, inventory control is one of the difficult tasks in supply chain management process because of high cost inventory, consistent stockouts, low rate of inventory turnover, high value of obsolete inventory, maximum working capital, huge cost for storage and lot customers. Then, several supply chain management techniques are introduced in traditional to control the inventory process but they are failing to detect with greatest accuracy due to the low convergence rate in computation techniques. So, in this paper introduce the effective and optimized neural network computational approach for managing the inventory control. In addition to this, the system ability to select the product based on the few factors that improve the inventory control system accuracy. Then the excellence of the system is evaluated using experimental analysis and respective performance metrics.
Influence of orthopedic shoes on the indicators of the interzonal load distribution on the foot when walking patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Smirnova Lyudmila M. , Koltsov Andrey A. , Dzhomardly Elnur I.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Clinical observations of patients with spastic forms of cerebral palsy and surveys showed the most commonly used technical rehabilitative device of this patient contingent are orthopedic shoes. However, almost no clinical and instrumental studies examine the effect of such shoes on the walking characteristics of patients with cerebral palsy (CP).
AIM: This study aims to estimate the effect of orthopedic shoes on the interzonal load distribution on the plantar foot surface in children with CP and adolescents with different levels of gross motor function disorders (GMFCS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biomechanical studies were conducted in 42 patients with CP 5-16 years old with GMFCS 13 level while wearing standard and orthopedic shoes. In 14 healthy children controls while wearing standard shoes (a total of 112 feet). Biomechanical examinations were performed on the software and hardware complex DiaSled-M-Scan with matrix plantar pressure meters in the form of insoles. Statistical data analysis was performed using nonparametric methods via SPSS software for Windows.
RESULTS: The use of complex orthopedic shoes in patients with level GMFCS 1 did not improve but worsened their foot loading parameters. The shoes reduced the loading of the heel, increased the toe-heel load ratio, and mediolateral load distribution in the fascicle area. In patients with GMFCS 2, the positive effect of orthopedic shoes was limited to improving the mediolateral load distribution in the fascicle area. In patients with GMFCS 3, the positive effect of orthopedic shoes was noted in the majority of the tested parameters.
CONCLUSION: Thus, the study showed that in children and adolescents with CP using complex orthopedic shoes led to the most significant normalization of interzonal load distribution under the foot in GMFCS 3 patients, less significant in GMFCS 2 patients, and worsened the parameters in GMFCS 1 patients.
Features of free skin grafting to correct post-burn neck deformities in children
Authors: Filippova Olga V. , Afonochev Konstantin A.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: In the literature, various methods of reconstructive plastic surgery for neck cicatricial contractures, from free skin grafting to expander dermotension and microsurgical tissue complex autotransplantation, are widely covered. However, very little attention has been paid to conservative measures aimed at stabilizing surgical treatment results.
AIM: This study aims to evaluate the long-term results of free skin grafting of neck granulating wounds after burns and secondary relapsing scar contracture correction. The study also aims to analyze the causes of poor results and demonstrate the possibility of using free skin grafting to correct neck contractures with basic preventive measures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six patients with neck burn cicatricial sequelae were treated at the clinic of trauma sequelae in H. Turner National Medical Research Center from 2017 to 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 patients with neck contractures after plasty of granulating wounds with free skin autografts, and group 2 patients with a relapse of neck contracture after corrective reconstructive surgery.
Anamnestic data analysis enabled establishing the actual volume of preventive rehabilitation measures in both patient groups. The classification by N.E. Povstyany (1973) was used to determine the severity of contracture.
RESULTS: The most severe neck contractures, grade III and IV, developed in group 1 patients (grade III 41.2%). In group 2 patients, there was a limitation of neck extension, corresponding to grades I (33.3%) and II (58.3%).
Conservative preventive measures as immobilization and compression therapy were absent in group 1 in 100% of cases. The most common preventive measure was the prescription of topical anti-scar drugs.
Two-stage skin grafting with full-thickness skin autografts combined with conservative measures made it possible to correct neck contractures of grade I-IV completely and obtain good aesthetic results.
CONCLUSION: The main reason for neck contractures development is the retraction of skin autografts, which inevitably develops in the absence of appropriate preventive measures.
Correction of neck contractures using free skin grafting combined with preventive immobilization using a Schantz collar and a compression half-mask allows obtaining good functional and aesthetic results.
Biyoloji Öğretmenlerinin Sosyo-Bilimsel Konuların Öğretimine Yönelik Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AYDIN Ganime Şule , SARIBAŞ Deniz , ÖZALP Dilek , YILMAZ Şirin
Published: April 2021

Sosyo-bilimsel konular (SBK), temeli bilimsel araştırma sonuçlarına, uygulamalarına veya uygulama sonuçlarında ortaya çıkan problemlere dayalı olan ve çoğunlukla sonuçları canlı yaşamı, doğa üzerinde etkili, toplumsal, ekonomik, politik ve ahlaki olarak tartışmalı konulardır. Bu anlamda, öğrencilerin bilimsel okuryazar olarak eleştirel düşünme becerilerini kullanarak gelecekle ilgili karar verme sürecinde aktif rol alıcılar olarak SBK konularındaki eğitimleri toplumsal boyutta son derece önemlidir. SBK öğretiminde ise fen bilimleri ve biyoloji öğretmenlerinin diğer alanlara göre öğrenciler üzerindeki etkisi ve öğretim programları içeriği açısından daha fazla öne çıkmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmada, Biyoloji öğretmenlerinin SBK konularının öğretimini öğrencilerle nasıl gerçekleştirdikleri ve nelere ihtiyaçları olduğunu tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan olgu bilim (phenomenology) kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, 2017–2018 akademik yılı güz yarıyılında Türkiye’nin farklı şehirlerinde görev yapmakta olan on dört Biyoloji öğretmeninden (9 kadın, 5 erkek) oluşmuştur. Araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan görüşme formu kullanılarak veriler elde edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerle yüz yüze, telefonla ve yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde ise araştırma problemlerine göre oluşturulan kategoriler için içerik analiz yöntemiyle kodlar oluşturulmuştur. Görüşmelerin transkripsiyonu, kodlanması ve analizi bu çalışmanın araştırmacılarından ikisi tarafından bağımsız olarak yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, öğretmenlerin SBK’nın tanımı, öğretim yöntem ve teknikleri, konu içerik bilgisi ve öğretim materyalleri boyutunda desteğe gereksinimlerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
DEVLET DENETLEME KURULU VE YEREL YÖNETİMLERE İLİŞKİN DENETİM YETKİLERİ: YASAL DÜZENLEMELER ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Küçük Ünal , Karakılçık Yusuf
Published: April 2021

ÖZ
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi sonrası yönetsel düzende meydana gelen değişiklikler kapsamında Devlet Denetleme Kurulu yeniden yapılandırılmış ve denetim yetkileri genişletilmiş, ayrıca ‘soruşturma ve görevden uzaklaştırma yetkisi’ ile donatılmıştır. Bu yetkileriyle kurul, yönetsel denetim kurumları içinde ayrıcalıklı bir konum kazanmış ve merkezi yönetimin en etkili aktörlerinden birine dönüşmüştür. Doğrudan Cumhurbaşkanı’na bağlı kurulun yapacağı soruşturmaların ‘yetkili grup başkanı’ ve Cumhurbaşkanı kararnameleri ile yaptırıma dönüşmesi mümkündür. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımına ve içerik analizi araştırma desenine yaslanan çalışmada temel kaynaklar ilgili yasal düzenlemeler ve idari düzenleyici işlemlerdir. Çalışmanın amacı, yeni yapısı ve yetkileriyle DDK’nın denetim ve vesayet bakımından nasıl bir işlev görebileceğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada DDK’nın tarihsel geçmişi, yeni yapısı ve işlevleri irdelenmekte, ayrıca kurulun önceki konumuyla yeni konumu karşılaştırılıp nasıl bir değişim geçirdiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda kurulun yeni yapısıyla merkeziyetçiliği güçlendirebileceği bu durumun da merkez-yerel ilişkileri bağlamında yeni tartışmalara yol açacağı söylenebilir. Diğer taraftan uygulama boyutuyla değerlendirildiğinde DDK eliyle yerel yönetimlere ilişkin yoğun bir vesayet denetiminin söz konusu değildir.
TÜRKİYE BÜYÜK MİLLET MECLİSİNİN AÇILMA SÜRECİ VE MECLİSİN AÇILIŞ GÜNÜ (23 NİSAN 1920)
Authors: Erdem Ufuk
Published: April 2021

Osmanlı Mebusan Meclisi, 16 Mart 1920’de İstanbul’un İtilaf Devletleri tarafından resmen işgaliyle çalışamaz hale gelmiştir. Özellikle bazı milletvekillerinin meclis binasında işgal kuvvetleri tarafından zor kullanılarak tutuklanması üzerine Meclis, toplantılarına ara verme kararı almıştır. İtilaf Devletleri’nin Meclisi işlevsiz hale getirmesi üzerine millet iradesinin yok sayılmaması için hemen harekete geçen Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Ankara’da milli bir meclisin açılacağını duyurmuştur. Bu amaçla, yeni açılacak meclis için seçimlerin nasıl yapılacağı ve açılış öncesinde icra edilecek törenlerin nasıl olacağına dair talimatlar, Mustafa Kemal Paşa tarafından Anadolu’daki askerî ve mülkî erkâna gönderilmiştir. Ankara’da bulunan 20. Kolordu tarafından da açılış günü askeri tören birliklerinin nasıl konuşlanacağına dair detaylı bir krokili program hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Büyük Millet Meclisinin açılışına dair talimat ve program ayrıntıları değerlendirilmiştir
Modern Approaches to Arctic Development in View of Synergy Potential in the New Risks and challenges Environment
Authors: Bondareva N. N.
Published: April 2021

Purpose of this article is to consider methodological and organizational approaches in managing the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as a complex system at various levels, from the project level to the global level, taking into account the synergy of the potential of the economic platform and the synergy of risks and threats.

Methods: the research presented in the article is based on the use of theoretical foundations of managing target processes for solving complex Arctic development problems, applying methods of system analysis, operations research and economic analysis of the development of complex systems from the view of synergy effects. Methods for analyzing the emergence of complex systems, the balance of dynamic integrity, evolutionary development and chaos management, and specific resistance activity were also used.

Results: mnsideration of the experience of the complex intensification of the Russian Arctic economic potential at different territorial levels through the system filling with better synergies management of the potential of private-state partnership is presented. It makes possible to identify both the results achieved and the current and future threats and challenges of the region. The author of the study disclosed the organizational and methodological problems of Arctic management, assessed the limitations for the full-scale launch of synergistic management models.

Conclusions and Relevance: the presented results of the analysis set the management vector for maximum synergistic activation of financial, logistical and intellectual resources to achieve sustainable, holistic and safe development of the Arctic. The proposed methodological approaches will minimize synergistic resistance of risks and threats to the current policy of the Russian Arctic competitiveness growth.
The Determinants of Income Inequality in Bangka Belitung Province
Authors: Nesha R. , Bernadette R. , Yulianita A.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: this research study focused on analyzing the conditions of income distribution and the determinants of the low Gini coefficient, namely the sectors that have the highest contribution, including the industrial, agricultural and trade sectors and labor productivity in the industrial sector in Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Province.

Methods: the income distribution phenomenon in Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Province during the 2007-2018 period became the basis for analyzing the determining variables of income distribution including the industrial sector, the agricultural sector, the trade sector and the industrial labor productivity. The income distribution indicator was measured from the Gini coefficient value using the Panel Data Regression approach to determine the effect of these variables on the Gini coefficient in all regencies / cities in the Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Province.

Results: the results showed that the agricultural sector, industrial sector and trade sector had a negative and significant effect on the Gini coefficient. Meanwhile, labor productivity in the Industrial Sector had a significant positive effect on the Gini coefficient. The results showed that the determinant of income distribution was the agricultural sector. Further findings prove that the agricultural, industrial and trade sectors improved the income distribution.

Conclusions and Relevance: this study implied for the efforts to increase the agricultural market orientation towards high productivity which was inversely contrast to the output of workers in the industrial sector proven to reduce income distribution. Therefore, the structural transformation towards industrialization and market-oriented efforts from the agricultural sector were necessary.
25 años de concesiones ferroviarias de cargas en América Latina: ¿Qué anduvo bien? ¿Qué anduvo mal?
Authors: Kohon Jorge , Abad Julieta
Published: April 2021

El reporte revisa el desempeño de las concesiones ferroviarias de la región durante los últimos 25 años, considerando aspectos institucionales, operativos y financieros.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND MODELING OF DEFECTIVE STATES OF MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS WITH MECHANISMS OF CYCLIC ACTION
Authors: A.C. Aleshin , N.L. Kovaleva , Firsov G.I.
Published: April 2021

The results of experimental studies and mathematical modeling of the processes of the appearance of defective states of turntable mechanisms are presented. The main criteria for the operational state of the mechanisms, including the cycle time and the value of the error of angular division, are identified. The complex of diagnostic signs for recognition of defects of mechanical and hydraulic systems of rotary table is offered.
REGULAR (FLUCTUATION) APPROACH TO FINDING THE COLLISION INTEGRALS AND THE PROBLEM OF LINEAR RESPONSE OF PLASMA
Authors: Tuganov V.F.
Published: April 2021

The regular (fluctuation) method of finding collision integrals proved to be effective in solving the problem of linear response of plasma. The method is sufficient if the linearization on the external electric field is carry out in the Liouville equation itself.
Хромосомный набор, распространение, численность и биотопическая приуроченность каменной куницы (Martes foina nehringi Satunin, 1905) на Северном Кавказе
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekova, Dzuev R.I. , Sabanova R.K. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekova, Evgazhukova A.A. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekova, Irugova E.Z. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekova, Dzuev A.R. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekova
Published: April 2021

This paper describes for the first time the chromosome set of stone marten in the North Caucasus from two disconnected points. The karyotype did not show polymorphism, both in number and morphology of autosomes and heterochromosomes. In a double set contains 38 chromosomes. In addition, new data on distribution based on the cadastral map, which is compiled on karyologically dated material, taking into account the altitudinal-belt structure of mountain landscapes, is presented. Also, new materials on the dynamics of numbers taking into account the habitat, as well as current trends of anthropogenic changes in the structure of the stone marten habitat in the northern macro slope of the Central Caucasus. The study showed that stone marten is a very plastic species and can inhabit the territory of the northern macro slope of the Central Caucasus and that, in the presence of food and suitable shelters in almost all biotopes, including anthropogenic. The number of stone marten in the study area is highest in the forest-steppe and subalpine zones.
About Some Features of the Ability of Flowering Specials Crocus reticulatus in Various Elements of the Mesorelief of Beams in the Southern of the Middle Russian Hill
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Cherniavskih V.I. , Glubscheva T.N. ,   Belgorod State National Research University,   All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of a three-year study of two populations of Crocus reticulatus, in the conditions of the beams of the Veidelevsky district of the Belgorod region. We studied the abundance of flowering individuals (potentially reproductive abundance) of C. reticulatus in two model populations and their distribution in different elements of the beam mesorelief along the gradient: the upper part of the slope – the base of the slope – the bottom of the beam. Comprehensive stationary monitoring studies were carried out in 2018-2020. in key areas in accordance with the program and methodology of biogeocenotic studies by the method of randomized repetition with the allocation of organized factors: Factor A – «habitat» and Factor B – «gradient of the slope». The results of the variance analysis of the one-factor complex in some years showed that the influence of the «gradient of the slope» factor on the productive trait «the abundance of flowering individuals» in key plot N 1 ranged from 98.4 % in 2020 to 99.6 % in 2018, in the key plot N 2 - from 98.5 % in 2019 to 99.5 % in 2020. On average, over 3 years of research in key area No. 1, an abundance of 336.2 ind./100 m2 was observed at Cv = 179.6 % in the gradient of the slope. An abundance of 237.4 ind./100 m2 at Cv = 101.1 % along the gradient of the slope was noted at key area N 2. The maximum number of flowering individuals was noted in the narrow ecotone part of the transition of the slope to the bottom of the beam (transects I): in plot N 1 – 1,890 ind./100 m2, and in plot No 2 – 856.7 ind./100 m2. An analysis of the share of the influence of organized factors by the method of variance analysis of two-factor complexes on average for 2018-2019 showed that the factor B, “gradient of the slope”, h2x = 79.5 %, exerted the greatest influence on the resultant trait “abundance of flowering individuals”. The factor “habitat of the population” and the interaction of factors had a significantly smaller effect on the number of individuals – 1.2 and 17.0 %, respectively. It is concluded that the study of the potentially reproductive abundance of C. reticulatus in natural conditions can contribute to the process of creating narrow-local artificial populations with a number of specific features, including those useful from an economic point of view for introduction into culture and breeding.
Solar radiation power and its distribution in altitude‐latitudeintervals of the territory of Dagestan, Russia
Authors: Akhmedovа L. Sh.
Published: April 2021

Aim. Calculation of the energy potential of primary land productivity, environmental regulation of technogenic load and development ofmeasures for sustainable development of territories.

Materials and Methods. The author has developed a method for assessing the spatial differentiation of solar radiation power in relation to the territory of the Republic of Dagestan. The method is based on the results of long‐term actinometric measurements taken atmeteorological stations at different altitudes in Dagestan and adjacent territories.

Results. A statistical analysis has been carried out of the regularities of the distribution power of solar radiation in coordinates of the territory of the Republic of Dagestan. On the basis of calculated regularities, a nomogram was constructed for reading the indicators of the energy of ecosystems in the latitudinal‐altitudinal intervals of the earth's surface of the Republic of Dagestan. The resulting nomogram allows the reading of the limits and average values of the characteristics of solar radiation in an area studied, for example, for all intervals of heights and latitudes in an administrative region.

Conclusion. The results obtained are necessary for the calculation of the energy potential of primary productivity of lands, ecological regulation of anthropogenic load, as well as the development of measures for sustainable, balanced ecological and economic development of territories.
Motor activity of sheep on pasture in the conditions of Eastern Siberia, Russia
Authors: Khamiruev Т. N. , Bazaron В. Z. , Volkov I. V. , Dashinimaev S. M. , Chernykh V. G.
Published: April 2021

Aim.To study the motor activity of sheep of the Zabaykal (Transbaikal) and Agin breeds in year‐round grazing in relation to the season of the year.

Material and Methods.The research was carried out in the steppe zone of the Aginsky District of Zabaykalsky Territory. Garmin eTrex 20x GPS receivers were used in the research with the help of which motor activity and the speed of sheep in pasture were monitored. Weather conditions were taken into account for the relevant research periods using data from the meteorological service.

Results.Average daily air temperature in winter was – 23.30°C, air velocity 1.3 m/s and relative air humidity 67.3%, and in spring was 13.70°C; 4.1 m/s and 35.6%, in summer – 20.90°C; 1.6 m/s and 77.3% and in autumn – 1.10°С below zero, 2.4 m/s and 50.1%. It was found that the sheep being monitored travelled different distances with different speeds of movement depending on the season of the year and origin. They travelled the greatest distance in winter with a higher average speed of movement and a shorter distance in the summer. At the same time, it was noted that semi‐coarse‐wooled (Agin) sheep passed 12378 m during the 8‐hour grazing period, which is 24.9% more than fine‐wooled (Zabaykal) sheep (Р˂0.01), in spring – 8,168 m (22.3% more, Р ˂0.05), summer – 6,511 m (24.5% more, Р˂0.01) and autumn – 9,214 m (40.3% more). The average speed of movement of semi‐coarse‐wooled sheep was higher than fine‐wooled by 80.0% (P˂0.05), 25.0, 9.1 and 23.1% (P˂0.05), respecƟvely. The nutritional value of 1 kg of dry matter of pasture grass was higher in the summer and amounted to 0.68 units with a content of 1 unit 93.1 g of digestible protein.

Conclusion.The research data allow us to conclude that the motor activityand the speed of movement of sheep in pasture directly depends on the season of the year and the nutritional value of pasture grass, as well as on type of breed.
The state of hydrobionts in the Tyub‐Karagan Bay structure, Kazakhstan
Authors: Kenzhegaliev A. , Kanbetov A. Sh. , Abilgazieva A. A. , Sakhmanova A. К. , Kulbatyrov  D К.
Published: April 2021

Aim. The purpose of the research was to study the state of hydrobionts in the Tyub‐Karagan Bay structure by season for a comparative analysis of their state with previous studies by the authors.

Material and Methods. The conditions of hydrobionts (phyto, zoo‐plankton and macrozoobenthos) of the Tyub‐Karagan Bay structure have been studied for three seasons. Studies were carried out by traditional methodology.

Results. The species composition of phytoplankton communities in spring was found to be less constant than in autumn; this is associated with heterogeneity in external conditions at the beginning of the growing season. The seasonal dynamics of zooplankton conformed to certain patterns. As a rule, from the beginning to the end of the growing season there was an enrichment of species composition and an increase in the quantitative indicators of zooplankton communities. The highest biomass was formed by bottom cenoses, where large mollusks play a leading role.

Conclusion. During the 2018 research period, species richness and species diversity of phytoplankton were at a high level. Representatives of two categories were observed most often. Blue‐green dominated in number, while diatoms formed the basis of biomass. Species richness and species diversity of zooplankton was at a low or moderate level and most often constant. The seasonal dynamics of macrozoobenthos had common and specific features, depending on the research station location. Disproportionate changes in the quantitative indicators of bentonites are associated with a decrease in the average weight of individuals by autumn. This happened both through the strengthening of the role of small species and by an increase in the proportion of younger age stages in populations of bottom invertebrates.
Summer‐flowering trees and shrubs in landscaping for the south‐eastern coast of the Crimea
Authors: Klimenko N. I. , Potapenko I. L. , Klimenko О. Е.
Published: April 2021

Aim.  To  study  the  species  composition,  form  diversity,  bioecological  features of summer‐ flowering trees and shrubs in green spaces of the  south‐eastern coast of the Crimea and suggest ways to expand the range.  

Materials and Methods. The green spaces of Feodosia, Sudak and the  localities of Semidvorye, Solnechnogorskoye, Malorechenskoye, Rybachye,  Morskoye,  Novy  Svet,  Solnechnaya  Dolina,  Shchebetovka,  Kurortnoye,  Koktebel and Primorskiy were investigated. Bioecological and phenological  studies of ornamental trees and shrubs were undertaken according to  generally accepted methods.  

Results. The species composition and shape diversity of summer‐flowering  trees and shrubs in green plantings of Crimea’s south‐eastern coast were  identified. It was found that summer‐ flowering plants make up almost half  of the species composition (48.6%) used in landscaping. However, only 23  species are widespread throughout the region, such as Ailanthus altissima  (Mill.) Swingle, Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Buddleja davidii Franch., Campsis  radicans (L.) Seem., Elaeagnus angustifolia L. etc. The greatest number of  species and forms of arboreal plants bloom in early summer, their number  decreasing significantly from the second decade of June.  

Conclusion. An assortment is proposed for increasing the number of trees  and shrubs which flower during the summer, taking into account both their  decorative visual appeal and their environmental requirements, especially  drought and frost resistance. Of great interest are species that bloom from  June onwards, especially those which are highly decorative and have a long  flowering period, such as Albizia julibrissin, Buddleja davidi and forms,  Hydrangea arborescens L., Campsis radicans, Kerria japonica f. plena C.K.  Schneid, Robinia viscosа Vent., Vitex angus‐castus L.
Introducción: la historieta desbordada y estallada. Un lenguaje mutante
Authors: Gandolfo Amadeo , Turnes Pablo , Vazquez Laura
Published: April 2021

En el transcurso de poco más de un siglo, la historieta ha ido transformándose tanto desde sus formatos como desde sus definiciones. El siglo XXI la encuentra desbordabdo largamente sus supuestas características esenciales a favor de nuevos medios, lecturas, reescrituras y usos inesperados. El volumen estará dividido en tres ejes: el primero trata sobre intertextualidad, continuidad, y metaficcionalidad. El segundo, sobre nuevos espacios, formatos, y materialidades. Finalmente, el tercer eje hace foco en lo que podemos llamar “artista anfibio”. El dossier concluye con una entrevista a la autora española Ana Galvañ.
Articulación secuencial: la sintaxis gráfica
Authors: Agrimbau Diego
Published: April 2021

Desde que los primeros analistas enfocaron sus microscopios semióticos hacia los cuadritos de historieta, la naturaleza del lenguaje (o sistema) secuencial logró escabullirse de sus mejores esfuerzos para asirlo. Muchos de los que mejor se acercaron al núcleo de la cuestión, no por casualidad, fueron los autores devenidos analistas de su propio medio de expresión. Durante décadas dos libros indispensables permanecían casi como únicos referentes: El Arte Secuencial de Will Eisner y Entendiendo el Cómic de Scott McCloud. Este último, sobre todo, pasó a ser el manual de uso cotidiano para la mayoría de los profesores de dibujo e historieta. Si para la anatomía o el dibujo natural en general estaba Loomis, para la secuenciación estaba Scott McCloud y su relectura ampliada de la teoría iniciada por Will Eisner. Una teoría que encontraba su base en un simple y extendido fenómeno secuencial: en la historieta, el tiempo se traduce en espacio. Los minutos, los segundos, los siglos, las tardes lentas, los viajes grises, todo es convertible en su codificación habitual de cuadritos, centímetros cuadrados, páginas.
Entrevista a Ana Galvañ
Authors: Gandolfo Amadeo , Vázquez Laura , Turnes Pablo
Published: April 2021

Me aficioné al cómic por los que me compraban mis padres de pequeña: Mortadelo y Filemón, Zipi y Zape y cosas así. Y después, mi padre tenía un cómic adulto, que venía en el El País Semanal (que es el semanario del periódico El País), en los ’80. Se suponía que eso no me tenía que llegar, pero claro, terminó en mis manos. Así como revistas adultas que tenía un primo algo mayor, como El Víbora. Y ya a lo último dibujos animados y anime como Dragon Ball y Robotech. Todo esto me fascinó.
Etiology of black scab on prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) in Mexico
Authors: Laureano-Ahuelicán Bruno , Moreno-Velázquez Magnolia , Hernández-Ramos Lervin , Alvarado-Rosales Dionicio , Martínez-Domínguez Esther , Saavedra-Romero Luz de Lourdes , Quezada-Salinas Andrés
Published: April 2021

Para identificar el agente causal de la costra negra del nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) se aislaron e identificaron morfológicamente los hongos asociados a la enfermedad. El estudio se realizó a partir de cladodios con síntomas característicos de la enfermedad colectados en la localidad de Santa Cecilia Clavijero, en el municipio de San Juan Ixcaquixtla, Puebla. Los hongos asociados a la enfermedad se identificaron como: Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aplosporella hesperidica y Didymella glomerata. Para demostrar su patogenicidad, los hongos se inocularon individualmente y en sus combinaciones en cladodios de seis meses de edad. Los síntomas iniciaron 50 días después de la inoculación. El método de inoculación que permitió la reproducción de los síntomas fue la inyección de una suspensión a una concentración de 6×103 conidios mL?1 de la mezcla de los tres hongos; cladodios inoculados con uno y dos hongos, no resultó en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. C. cladosporioides, A. hesperidica y D. glomerata son los agentes causales de la costra negra del nopal siendo este el primer reporte de estos patógenos en el cultivo del nopal.
Los cambios en la productividad del sector bancario colombiano en el período 2002-2016
Authors: Rodriguez Lozano Gloria Isabel
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se estudia la evolución de la productividad de los bancos en Colombia desde el año 2002 hasta el 2016, mediante la aplicación de la metodología no paramétrica del índice de Malmquist de Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a fin de generar indicadores de eficiencia relativa para cada uno de los bancos por cada periodo, a lo largo de los quince años del estudio. Los resultados muestran que en el 64 % de los periodos la productividad promedio mejoró, siendo el lapso 2003-2004 el que tuvo el mejor resultado, pues se considera que durante ese tiempo el sector bancario colombiano estuvo en pleno desarrollo y consolidación. Adicionalmente, en cuatro periodos hubo disminución de la productividad promedio, la mayor disminución ocurrió entre 2009-2010, durante la primera crisis financiera mundial de este siglo.
Comercio internacional, prosperidad y desigualdad en la globalización
Authors: Raffo-López Leonardo , Hernández-García Edwin Arbey
Published: April 2021

El propósito de este artículo es hacer una descripción y una reflexión crítica sobre las tendencias del comercio mundial de bienes y servicios y la desigualdad económica durante las últimas décadas en el contexto de la globalización. Para ello se explican algunos procesos clave que han marcado esta etapa del desenvolvimiento del sistema capitalista. A partir de aquí se identifican los principales procesos virtuosos, pero también los problemas económicos relacionados con la desigualdad que han caracterizado la evolución de la economía mundial durante las últimas décadas. El resultado de esta dinámica ha sido la perpetuación de diversos tipos de desigualdades y la permanencia de un gran conjunto de grupos sociales sumidos en la pobreza y atados a territorios generalmente explotados por las garras del capital transnacional, cuyos discursos y cosmovisiones propias terminan siendo invisibilizados por los emisores que se autoproclaman como universales.
Dynamic Lighting System to Increase the Attention of Design Students in the Classroom
Authors: Nieto-Vallejo Andres Eduardo , Camacho Jorge Enrique , Cuervo-Pulido Roberto , Hernandez-Mihajlovic Edgar
Published: April 2021

Dynamic lighting is playing a key role in education, by considering the main photometric variables such as the correlated color temperature and the illuminance to increase student’s attention levels inside the classroom. In the case of design students, the project component is fundamental for teaching, where students mainly need to develop activities such as presentation to listen to the teacher instructions, ideation and sketching to propose a solution according to the problem being addressed, and exhibition to present the work that has been done. These activities require specific and adequate lighting conditions to generate a positive impact on the performance of students. This article presents the design of a dynamic lighting system capable of adjusting the correlated color temperature in a range from 2500 K to 6500 K and the illuminance levels in a range from 0 lx to 800 lx to enhance the sustained and fixed attention of design students inside the classroom according to the type of activity that is being developed. The performance of the system was evaluated experimentally by measuring student’s attention inside the ergonomics and usability laboratory by using the Gesell chamber, the Emotiv Epoc EEG Headset with 14 electrodes to measure the brain activity and obtain engagement and focus levels, the eye tracking Tobii glasses, and a protocol to evaluate performance including several surveys and camera observation. In conclusion, the dynamic lighting system can improve the attention of design students by configuring the photometric variables according to the type of activity that is being done.
Caractéristiques du peuplement ligneux de deux systèmes d’utilisation des terres dans la région de Kaffrine au Sénégal
Authors: Dione Abdou , Ngom Saliou , Sarr Oumar , Diallo Aly , Guissé Aliou
Published: April 2021

L’étude a porté sur la caractérisation du peuplement ligneux de deux systèmes d’utilisation des terres (la forêt qui est une mise en défens et les champs) dans le terroir de Ngouye au Sénégal. Elle a été effectuée dans une zone agropastorale qui accueille annuellement plusieurs familles de transhumants. Au moyen d’un échantillonnage par relevés de la végétation ligneuse et d’enquêtes auprès des populations nous avons inventorié 28 espèces appartenant à 25 genres et 15 familles botaniques. Les Fabaceae (sous-familles : Mimosoideae, Caesalpinioideae, Faboideae) ont été les plus représentées, suivies des Combretaceae. Les paramètres de l’étude ont révélé qu’il existait des différences nettes entre les deux systèmes, ce qui montrait leur hétérogénéité, avec par ailleurs une grande stabilité de peuplement en forêt. Le peuplement était généralement très jeune, avec un grand pourcentage d’individus dans la première catégorie de diamètreet de hauteur. Les champs avaient la plus forte proportion d’individus adultes mais le taux de régénération dans cette zone était inférieur à celui de la forêt. La richesse spécifique des champs était bien supérieure à celle de la forêt. Sur le plan pastoral les ligneux intervenaient dans l’alimentation du bétail.