bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTITAS MODERN BERBUDAYA PADA KAWASAN PUSAT PERTOKOAN DI KOTA MAUMERE
Authors: Gobang Ambrosius Alfonso Korasony Sevili
Published: January 2021

The city of Maumere is a city of pride for past, present and future generations. This is supported by the existence of 3 main gates for the entry and exit of goods and services on the mainland of Flores, all of which lead to the city center, causing social and economic impacts, namely the emergence of a tendency for people with very high consumerism characteristics and the need for space for economic activity. This study aims to examine the shopping area as a representative and identified area that can accommodate the economic activities of the people in Maumere City. The research method used is based on qualitative descriptive, namely examining the socio-culture of the community with various economic activities that trigger the growth of the commercial sector with its supporting facilities. The combination of qualitative and quantitative data can assist in conducting descriptive analysis. The results show that the shopping area of Maumere City requires the support of commercial buildings that meet the standards as a forum for economic activity with a modern, cultured image so that it can answer these economic and socio-cultural needs. Along with the increasing needs for life and business premises, the shopping area needs to be reorganized into a representative trading center for the city of Maumere, including the facades of buildings that are united with the availability of infrastructure facilities and infrastructure, including circulation space and green open spaces of quality and beautifully arranged, comfortable. and modern cultured for all societies.
TIPOLOGI KERUSAKAN BANGUNAN AKIBAT CUACA EKSTREM STUDI KASUS CUACA EKSTREM KABUPATEN BANTUL 2019
Authors: Prabowo Rachmat Wahyu
Published: January 2021

The threat of disaster is unavoidable in Indonesia. In 2018, for example, 2,564 disasters occurred in which no city / district in Indonesia was free from threats. Statistical data shows that more than 90% of disasters in Indonesia are included in the hydrometereological disaster category, which has continued to increase over the past 15 years. Even in the early half of 2020, there were 256 disasters with 99% of them being hydrometereological disasters such as floods, landslides and tornadoes. The existence of extreme weather events in Bantul Regency in 2019 shows that the dangers of hydrometereology can cause considerable harm to the community. There needs to be a study to find out how to mitigate hydrometereological disasters which are the most common hazards in Indonesia. Analysis of building damage and disaster data needs to be carried out to determine the characteristics of the impact of extreme weather on buildings, to identify building elements that are vulnerable to damage, to provide anticipatory measures and alertness to extreme weather in Indonesia. Building damage data is grouped and processed in graphical form to read information patterns as material for analysis. The results of the study show that there are things that must be done in the face of extreme weather including: choosing the quality of materials and the strength of the construction of the building, attention to building elements, especially the back of the building (kitchen & bathroom), walls, and foundations, high vigilance in the area steep contours and highlands, need to be vigilant with all elements of society in areas of high potential for extreme weather, and the need to pay attention to vulnerable groups of the elderly and children.
Apuntes para una modelización : la región Río de la Plata durante su pertenencia a la monarquía hispánica y en el proceso de formación del estado-nación argentino.
Authors: Jumar Fernando Alberto
Published: January 2021

El conjunto de preguntas que guían mis investigaciones se relaciona con el análisis de la formación del Estado nacional argentino en una duración que incluye los Tiempos Modernos, estudiados a su vez como algo en sí y no ya como una larga transición. Ante la variada oferta de perspectivas teóricas existentes para enmarcar la profesión y aunque intento contemplar todas las variables de lo social, privilegio los enfoques que tienen en cuenta los factores económicos, vistos como la puesta al desnudo de las intenciones profundas de los sujetos históricos en acción. Lo económico, no es necesario argumentar demasiado, revela lo que las personas queremos, pero más usualmente lo que tenemos que hacer para subsistir, y lo que hacen aquellas que una vez que superaron ese escalón se puedan lanzar a la aventura de alcanzar metas mayores, que por lo que vemos los historiadores, siempre se logran por el establecimiento de relaciones de dominación de unos sobre otros. Relaciones exteriorizadas en cada tiempo histórico en entramados institucionales e ideológicos que logran, como por arte del encanto, que los dominados durante largos períodos de tiempo aceptemos y agradezcamos la dominación, y que inclusive, llegado el caso, hagamos el sacrificio de la vida, ayer en nombre de Dios y el Rey, hoy en el de la Patria y mañana, cuando haya cambiado una vez más el sistema de dominación, como vienen cambiando desde que tenemos noticias, vaya a saber uno en nombre de qué.
Algunos datos sobre el comercio ultramarino salido del complejo portuario rioplatense.
Authors: Camarda Maximiliano
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se analizarán distintos aspectos del tráfico ultramarino del complejo portuario rioplatense, en primer lugar, la circulación de navíos, sus destinos y banderas. En segundo lugar, profundizaremos en la salida de cueros, su dinámica y destinos. En tercero y último, abordaremos la salida de metales preciosos. Para ello trabajamos con registros de navíos, notas y guías de aduana. El objetivo es profundizar en el análisis de la dinámica económica regional a partir de su comercio ultramarino.
De las discusiones federales a los debates municipales : la edificación del constitucionalismo liberal en México, 1850-1873.
Authors: Moreno Chávez Miriam
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo analiza el constitucionalismo liberal de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, desde un enfoque local. Se plantea la importancia de los poderes estatales y municipales en este proceso histórico, mostrando cómo el pacto federal de 1824, generó las condiciones para que cada entidad estatal creara un marco jurídico particular. Pone especial atención en los procesos políticos que se gestaron en el estado de Zacatecas, para explicar la participación e influencia del congreso local y los ayuntamientos en la discusión, la elaboración y la aplicación de los preceptos constitucionales de 1850 a 1873. Se hace un seguimiento de los debates sobre la apertura política y la ejecución de las primeras elecciones directas en el estado, que revelan la interacción entre actores, instituciones, leyes y coyunturas políticas.
Rebeca Monroy Nasr, Gabriela Pulido Llano, José Mariano Leyva (coords.), Nota roja : lo anormal y lo criminal en la historia de México, México, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2018, p. 422.
Authors: Castrillón Castro Carlos Mario
Published: January 2021

Las investigaciones sobre lo criminal, lo anormal y lo transgresor desde una revisión histórica en América Latina y el Caribe han tomado bastante fuerza desde, hace ya, algunos años. En algunos países es amplio el desarrollo de obras que utilizan la prensa escrita y revistas especializadas en criminalidad, como fuente histórica, para entender los discursos y las representaciones que exponen experiencias de las que se derivan conductas entendidas como criminales en determinados momentos históricos. El conjunto de estudios realizó una lectura de los procesos creativos y narrativos del periódico para sentar unas bases analíticas para dar apertura a una historia sociocultural del crimen y la transgresión que incluye el análisis, por un lado, de experiencias en el mundo urbano: vicios, prostitución, bares, vida nocturna, delito, etc. Y por otro, la vida íntima: conflictos familiares, homicidios, infanticidios, aborto, entre otros.
Eustáquio Ornelas Cota, A formação da Coleção Latino-Americana do MoMA : arte, cultura e política (1931-1943), Judiaí, Paco Editorial, 2019, pp.236.
Authors: Cavadía Torres Albertina
Published: January 2021

El historiador Eustáquio Ornelas Cota escribe A formação da Coleção Latino- Americana do MoMA: arte, cultura e política (1931-1943) en el marco del trabajo de investigación desarrollado en su carrera de doctorado (2017) y Máster (2016) en Historia Social de la Universidad de São Paulo (FFLCH / USP).1 Cota estudia el proceso de formación de la colección latinoamericana del Museo de Arte Moderno de Nueva York (MoMA) teniendo en cuenta la acción diplomática de los Estados Unidos sobre los países vecinos y la construcción de relaciones de dominación entre 1931-1943. Para ello analiza las conexiones internacionales y la influencia de administradores culturales en la constitución de la colección de arte moderno latinoamericano del MoMA y su musealización como satélite del arte moderno.
Factors that influence buying houses for consumers
Authors: Beddu Hartina , Abdul Hayun , Semmaila Baharuddin , Nasir Munawir , Hajar Sitti
Published: January 2021

This study aims to examine the influence of family, economic and lifestyle factors on consumer decisions. This research was conducted at the Royal Spring Housing, located in Gowa Regency. The population chosen is all home consumers at the Royal Spring Housing PT. Buana Sentosa Asri in Makassar. The number of samples is calculated using the Slovin formula, and the number of samples to be studied is 82 household samples and is determined by simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to all respondents. The analysis tool uses multiple linear regression. The results of the study found that family factors, economic factors, and lifestyle have a positive and significant effect on consumer decisions
An Effective Power Tracking Algorithm for Partially Shaded Solar PV Array Employing Micro Converters Feeding to DC Microgrid
Authors: Bhoreddy Malakondareddy , Subramaniam Senthil Kumar , Nanjappa Gounder Ammasai Gounden , Isaac Anand
Published: January 2021

This paper proposes the analysis of power enhancement in partially shaded PV system supplying DC microgrid employing micro converters with a modified Perturb and Observe (P & O) based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique by sensing the load parameters alone. The proposed technique is effective in power tracking under both normal and partially shaded conditions with the reduced number of sensing devices as compared to those used in the conventional DMPPT (Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking) techniques. In this work, two series configured micro converters are considered for supplying 120 V DC microgrid from partially shaded PV panels. The complete steady-state analysis is developed and predicted the performance of the proposed MPPT operation and compared with the simulation and experimental results. The PV panels are emulated in the experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated and substantiated by theoretical, simulation and experimental results under various operating conditions.
ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ ВИДАВНИЧО-ПОЛІГРАФІЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-МЕДІЙНОГО ПРОСТОРУ ЗАСОБАМИ ІНФОГРАФІКИ
Authors: Микитів О. М.
Published: January 2021

Стрімкі зміни розвитку на українському ринку праці розширили коло професійних обов’язків фахівців масмедійної та видавничо-поліграфічної галузей. Професія редактора об’єднує його відповідні знання, уміння, навички та компетенції як літературного працівника, керівника, розробника електронних ресурсів, тому є предметом більш детального та систематизованого вивчення в контексті освіти та формування професійної компетентності.

Зазначено, що фахівці повинні володіти високим рівнем навичок роботи зі встановленим на персональному комп’ютері спеціальним програмним забезпеченням, яке призначене для здійснення редакційно-видавничих процесів у видавництвах і поліграфічних підприємствах. Обґрунтовано, що необхідною умовою для формування готовності майбутніх фахівців видавничо-поліграфічної галузі до формування інформаційно-медійного простору засобами інфографіки є комплексне застосування інформаційно-комп’ютерних технологій.

Описано рівні сформованості компонентів готовності майбутніх фахівців видавничо-поліграфічної галузі до формування інформаційно-медійного простору засобами інфографіки, а саме: репродуктивні (низькі), конструктивні (середні) та творчі (високі). Визначено показники готовності майбутніх фахівців видавничо-поліграфічної галузі до формування інформаційно-медійного простору засобами інфографіки. Доведено, що вона визначається як багатовимірне явище, цілісне утворення особистості, що включає в себе такі компоненти, як мотиваційно-ціннісний, професійно-когнітивний, операційно-діяльнісний та особистісно-результативний.

Експериментальна перевірка розробленої та впровадженої системи експериментальної методики показала статистично значущі якісні й кількісні зміни в рівнях сформованості професійної компетентності майбутніх фахівців видавничо-поліграфічної галузі як за окремими компонентами, так і цілісно.
СПЕЦИФІЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ МАЙБУТНЬОГО УЧИТЕЛЯ БІОЛОГІЇ ЯК ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНА ОСНОВА ВИХОВАННЯ ЦІННІСНОГО СТАВЛЕННЯ ДО ПРИРОДИ
Authors: Молчанюк О. В. , Пальчик О. О.
Published: January 2021

У статті окреслюються шляхи нового погляду на сучасну освіту, що є необхідним і значущим кроком для вдосконалення системи освіти України, розробки стратегії її розвитку. Проаналізовано сутність поняття «діяльність», яке означає активну взаємодію людини з навколишньою дійсністю, під час якої людина є суб’єктом, який цілеспрямовано впливає на об’єкт і задовольняє в такий спосіб власні. Наголошено на тому, що специфічною діяльністю майбутнього учителя біології з виховання ціннісного ставлення до природи є освітня, творча, практична, позааудиторна діяльність. Схарактеризовано практику як діяльність, якою людина змінює, перетворює світ. Виділено проєктну діяльність екологічного спрямування як унікальну діяльність майбутнього учителя біології в аспекті виховання в особистості ціннісного ставлення до природи. Зазначено, що участь майбутніх учителів біології у проєктній діяльності сприяє формуванню емоційно-почуттєвої, інтелектуальної й діяльнісної сфер особистості сучасного здобувача вищої освіти, трьох основних груп почуттів. Зроблено висновок, що участь здобувачів вищої освіти у реалізації проєктної діяльності в межах емоційно-оцінної діяльності обмежене часовими рамками, тож сконцентровано увагу на позааудиторній діяльності, яка нині є одним із компонентів освітньої програми педагогічних закладів вищої освіти.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ МОНІТОРИНГУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ АДАПТАЦІЇ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ПРАКТИКИ
Authors: Замятна О. Л.
Published: January 2021

Статтю присвячено проблемі професійної адаптації майбутнього вчителя початкових класів, а саме розглядаються аспекти що стосуються здійснення моніторингу та оцінки стану професійної адаптації при проходженні педагогічної практики. Уточнено сутність моніторингу професійної адаптації майбутніх учителів початкових класів при проходженні педагогічної практики та вказано на основні інструменти моніторингу. Визначено, що встановлення єдиної системи діагностики професійної адаптації майбутнього вчителя початкових класів є необхідним для вчасного виявлення та запобігання виникненню труднощів і психологічних бар’єрів у практикантів у процесі педагогічної практики. Встановлено потребу у проведенні такої діагностики на підставі результатів проведеного опитування майбутніх учителів початкових класів.

Здійснення моніторингу професійної адаптації у процесі проходження практики розглядається як необхідна умова успішності цього процесу. На прикладі досвіду практичної підготовки студентів за спеціальністю 013 «Початкова освіта» бакалаврського рівня вищої освіти у Київському університеті імені Бориса Грінченка виділено етапи професійної адаптації студентів у процесі проходження різних видів педагогічної практики, а саме: ввідний, початковий, основний, підсумковий. Визначено особливості цих етапів.

Виявлено критерії професійної адаптації майбутнього вчителя початкових класів при проходженні педагогічної практики за мотиваційно-ціннісним, когнітивним, діяльнісно-процесуальним та емоційно-рефлексивним компонентами. Нами виділено три рівні, при яких відбувається вияв встановлених показників професійної адаптації студентів у процесі педагогічної практики (початковий, достатній, високий) та охарактеризовано кожен із них.
A noção de ordem pública social
Authors: Garmendia Arigón Mario , Costa e Silva Gabriela
Published: January 2021

No presente artigo, aborda-se o conceito de ordem pública, um dos mais complexos e controversos do universo jurídico. São apresentadas as características típicas desta noção, com especial ênfase na diferença entre a substância e a instrumentalidade da ideia. A projeção da ordem pública em questões trabalhistas também é analisada, tanto em termos de instrumentos (imperatividade especial dos padrões trabalhistas, prevalência sobre a autonomia da vontade individual, progressividade das normas trabalhistas) quanto do ponto de vista material (a saber: o conteúdo da ordem pública laboral, integrado pelo tríptico o trabalho não é uma mercadoria, a ideia de justiça social e a especial proteção do trabalho humano).
The effectiveness of technological methods of controlling the presence of pink and gray thistle among industrial grape plantations
Authors: Mynkin M. , Mynkina G.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to conduct an objective analysis of the effectiveness of technological methods to control the development of pink and gray thistle among industrial plantations of grapes, taking into account their features and modern control measures. Accounts for the number and development of weeds, conducted at the end of the growth phase of grape shoots, in areas where the soil was kept in a state of black steam showed that the prevalence of pink and gray thistle plants in various biological and coenotic groups reached 53.1–57,4 % with an average number of 3.4–3.7 pieces/m2, which developed along the axis of a number of bushes and a protective strip. Growing in between rows of grapes of intermediate crops, winter rye and sorrel, causes qualitative and quantitative changes in the formation of species composition, number and development of weeds, including perennials – thistle pink and gray. In the sectors between rows, free from intermediate crops, along the axis of a number of bushes and protective strip, the development of pink and gray thistles does not differ significantly from similar processes in the area, which was kept constantly in a state of black steam. It is established that traditional control methods are ineffective because they do not provide complete removal of weeds, require large expenditures of material and financial resources. The most promising for reducing costs and achieving maximum efficiency in the control of pink thistle is the integrated application of agronomic, phytocenological and chemical measures, with due regard for the biological characteristics of weed development.
Key words: segetal vegetation, weeds, herbicides, analysis of efficiency of technological receptions, winter rye, sorrel sour, receptions of cultivation of plantings, thistle pink, thistle gray.
Features of quality indicators of corn grain formation depending on the complex of elements of growing technology
Authors: Polyakov V.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of research on the peculiarities of the grain quality indicators of corn hybrids formation depending on plant density and fertilizer system in conditions of unstable moisture in the right bank of Foreststeppe zone of Ukraine. The aim of the research was to identify the influence of a set of elements of cultivation technology on the quality of corn grain. During 2017–2019, research using field, calculation and statistical methods was conducted in the research field of the training and production center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Bila Tserkva NAU). It was found that on average in the experiment, the earlyripening hybrid of DN PIVYHA corn (FAO 180) had a protein content in grain of 9.96 % and starch – 72.26 %, in the middleearly hybrid of DN ORLYK (FAO 280) protein was 9.08 %, and starch – 73.55 %, while the medium-ripe hybrid DN SARMAT, respectively, 8.86 % and 72.98 %. The maximum values of protein content in the grain of the hybrid DN PIVYHA (FAO 180) were noted by us for the use of mineral fertilizer system and density at the time of harvesting 55 thousand pieces/ha – 10.23 %. However, in the DN ORLYK hybrid, the maximum protein content was also observed for the mineral fertilizer system and for the pre-harvest density of plants of 55 and 65 thousand units/ha. Similar figures were obtained for the hybrid DN SARMAT. The maximum indicators of starch content in corn grain were obtained by us in all studied hybrids at pre-harvest plant density of 55 thousand units/ha and fertilizer with organic fertilizer Organic compost, 7 t/ha, which were respectively 73.40 % (DN PIVIHA) 74.20 % (DN ORLIK) and 73.05 % (DN SARMAT). According to the results of determining the proportions of the influence of factors, it is recorded that the formation of protein content by 32 % is influenced by the fertilizer system, while the hybrid factor remains quite significant – 25 %. It is determined that the conditions of the growing season determine this trait by 23 %, and the density at the time of harvest by 15 %. The content of protein and starch in corn grain depends not only on the biological characteristics of hybrids but also on the direct influence and interaction of experimental factors: fertilizer systems and plant density and their reaction to growing conditions developed during 2017–2019.
Key words: corn, grain, hybrid, fertilizer system, plant density, protein content, starch content.
Effect of fertilizing systems on changing the agrochemical properties of black soil typical under using tilled crops rotation by-products as an organic fertilizer during the crop rotation
Authors: Prymak I. , Voytovik M. , Panchenko O. , Prysyazhnyuk M. , Obrajyy S. , Panchenko I. , Filipova L.
Published: January 2021

In general, the average annual loss of humus was 1.96 t/ha, 1.14 t/ha and 0.24 t/ha, respectively, for zero, first and second fertilizer levels in crop rotation, while the increase for the third level made 0.44 t/ha. At the highest fertilizer rate, total nitrogen reserves in crop rotation increased by 0.89 t/ ha. The annual application of 12 tons of manure + N95P82K72 per hectare of arable land ensured a deficit-free balance of humus in crop rotations and a slight decrease of 2.3 % of ammonia nitrogen in the arable layer over five years, which did not exceed LSD0.05. With the highest fertilizer rate, the ammonia nitrogen content in the black soil typical for five years increased by 2.0 mg/kg in total in crop rotations. The fertilizer rate of 12 t/ha of manure + N95P82K72 stabilized the mineral nitrogen content in the soil and the dose 159 of 16 t/ha of manure + N112P100K86 significantly increased the level in the crop rotation. Increase of available phosphorus content and potassium exchange in soil at the application of 12 t/ha of manure + N95P82K72 was not significant and made 1.0 mg/kg. The highest fertilizer rate significantly increased the content of these nutrients in the typical black soil arable layer. Over five years, exchange acidity at zero, first, second and third fertilizer levels decreased by 0.11, 0.10, 0.16 and 0.22, respectively, with the total for crop rotation of LSD0.05 0.12. Soil hydrolytic acidity for crop rotation at zero and first fertilizer levels increased by 0.15, and at second and third fertilizer levels – by 0.20 and 0.28 mg – eq/100g, respectively. The degree of soil saturation with the bases decreased during the rotation period at fertilized and unfertilized plots, but significant decrease was observed only at application of 16 tons of manure + N112P100K86 per hectare of arable land. The content of calcium exchange cations in the soil only decreased significantly during the rotation period when the highest fertilizer rate was applied annually. No significant deviations were found in the content of magnesium exchange cations in the soil. The crop rotations at unfertilized plots, fertilized with 8 t/ha of manure + N76P64K57, 12 t/ha of manure + N95P82K72 and 16 t/ha of manure + N112P100K86 were 2.35, 3.61; 4.77 and 5.77 t/ha dry matter respectively, 3.21; 5.04; 6.64 and 8.00 t/ ha feed units, 0.296; 0.422; 0.560 and 0.691 t/ha digestible protein at LDS0.05, 0.38; 0.51 and 0.043 t/ha, respectively.
Key words: fertilizers, crop rotation, soil, crop, agrochemical properties, rotation period, yield, productivity.
Determination of an effective method of Citrus aurantifolia lime and Citrus lemon varieties plant explants sterilization for in vitro introduction into the culture
Authors: Shokh S. , Sych Z. , Karpuk L.
Published: January 2021

Potted citrus plants are in constant demand, but the propagation of such plants requires the use of a winter greenhouse and several well-developed mother plants to obtain planting material. The use of microclonal propagation can accelerate the production of seed material though it requires detailed development of in vitro cultivation techniques. The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of sterilizing substances and methods of sterilization on the yield of viable micro shoots of lime plants (Citrus aurantifolia) as well as Meyer and Jubilee lemon varieties and their growth in vitro. The research was conducted in the interdepartmental "Biotechnological Laboratory" of the Agrobiotechnological Faculty of Bila Tserkva NAU. The source material was microshoots from lime plants (Citrus aurantifolia), and lemon varieties (Citrus lemon) Meyer and Jubilee. The objects of the study were selected according to the diversity of genotypes, development type and varietal characteristics. The possibility of using different parts of plants for reproduction is a feature of in vitro culture. We used microshoots with a bud in our research. To neutralize the exogenous bacterial and fungal microflora, we used 70 % ethanol solution C2 H5 OH, sodium hypochlorite 5 %, 15 % solution of hydrogen peroxide H2 O2 , sulema (0.1) and washed the material in sterile water (for 5–10 min) under several schemes. The study revealed the influence of different sterilization regimes for obtaining sterile explants and the introduction into plant culture of explants of the species of lime Citrus aurantifolia as well as Meyer and Jubilee lemon varieties. It was found that the use of step sterilization using 2.5 % solutions of sodium hypochlorite gives a high percentage of sterile viable material – 27.7 %, which is significantly higher than in other variants of the experiment.
Key words: microshoots, lime, sterile material, micropropagation, sterilization, hydrogen peroxide, viability of explants.
Evaluation of Dimensions and Drainage Performance Office in the Aceh Tamiang Area Kuala Simpang
Authors: Lubis Kamaluddin
Published: January 2021

The Aceh Tamiang office area is one of the office areas in Kuala Simpang which consists of various offices in the Aceh Tamiang area. The purpose of this research is to identify the drainage condition of the existing primary drainage channel which accommodates runoff discharge, the shape and direction of the flow in the inundation channel in the Aceh Tamiang Kuala Simpang office area, which is expected to help solve the problem of flooding in the 832 m3 / second. And for the channel capacity in this primary drainage drainage of 0.829 m3 / sec, the value is smaller than the planned flood discharge (Qr). Rainfall intensity (I) of 126,432 mm / hour. The plan flood discharge (Qr) for a 5-year return period yields 2,551 m3 / second and the value for channel discharge capacity (Qs) is obtained from the calculation of 2,216 m3 / second. This value is smaller than the value of the planned flood discharge.area. From the results of research conducted by the Aceh Tamiang Kuala Simpang office area is a location with a fairly high degree of rainfall, with a rainfall intensity (I) of 126,432 mm / hour and a flood discharge plan for a 5-year return period obtained a result of 0.
Colonial and Neocolonial Domination and Alienation: Consequences and Strategies of Resistance in Ngugi Wa Thiong’o’s and Mecere Githae Mugo’s the Trial of Dedan Kimathi (1976)
Authors: Babacar Diakhaté
Published: January 2021

Many African political officials have become famous for their political actions, determination, and strong commitment against colonialism, imperialism and even neo-colonialism. In Kenya, Ngugi WA Thiong’o and Mecere Githae Mugo fictionalize the story of Dedan Kimathi. The Trial of Dedan Kimathi (1976) retraces the life of the hero, Kimathi, who leads the Mau Mau   movement against British colonizers. Kimathi is imprisoned because of his own brother Wambararia who betrays his people to become free. Whites’ collaborators and neo-colonial actors such as politicians, Business executives and the Church do not succeed to persuade Kimathi to accept the collaborationist option and stop the struggle.
Pandemics in New South Wales prisons: the more things change…
Authors: Hampton Stephen , Weston Kathryn M , McCarthy Louella R , Mackinnon Tobias
Published: January 2021

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic is not the first time New South Wales prisons have faced contagion. This paper examines the current responses in New South Wales prisons to the threat of COVID-19 to prisoner health, by contrasting contemporary activities with actions and policy developed during two historical epidemics: the influenza epidemic of 1860 and pandemic of 1919.
Method: Epidemiological information relating to cases of disease in NSW prisons during the 1860 and 1919 influenza epidemics was obtained from the Comptroller-General’s reports for the specific outbreak years and for the preceding and succeeding five-year periods. Additional archival sources such as digitised newspaper reports and articles available through the National Library of Australia were analysed for closer detail. The management of these outbreaks was compared to current strategies to mitigate against risk from the COVID-19 pandemic in the NSW prison system.
Results: Interesting similarities were discovered in relation to the management of the historic influenza outbreaks in NSW prisons and in the management of the current COVID-19 pandemic. An outbreak of influenza in mid-1860 impacted seven penal institutions in Sydney and Parramatta. Infection rates at these institutions were between 3.1% and 100%; the mean rate was 41.8%. The public health measures employed at the time included allowing ‘air circulation freely night and day’, and treatments that were ‘tonical and stimulatory’.
In 1919, the attack rate of influenza infection for Sydney was 358 per 1,000 population, whereas for the two large penitentiaries in Sydney, it was only 26 per 1,000 population. Similarly, the reported death rates were much reduced for prisoners compared to the general community.
The recorded measures in 1919 included: disinfecting of the gaol buildings; inoculation (experimental but of no value); the compulsory wearing of masks; the closure of the border between NSW and Victoria; fumigation and inhalation disinfection; daily examination with isolation for symptomatic staff; and quarantine of new arrivals. These are remarkably similar to current strategies.
Discussion: While the past 100 or more years have brought huge progress in scientific knowledge, public health approaches remain the mainstay of outbreak management in prisons; and, as in 1919, the opportunity for Australia to observe the rest of the world and plan for action has not been wasted. Prisons pose a potential risk for pandemic spread but they also present a unique opportunity for reducing disease risk by ironic virtue of the ‘separate system’ that was recognised even 100 years ago as characteristic of these institutions.
A Bioinspired in vitro Lung Model to Study Particokinetics of Nano-/Microparticles Under Cyclic Stretch and Air-Liquid Interface Conditions
Authors: Doryab Ali , Taskin Mehmet Berat , Stahlhut Philipp , Schröppel Andreas , Orak Sezer , Voss Carola , Ahluwalia Arti , Rehberg Markus , Hilgendorff Anne , Stöger Tobias , Groll Jürgen , Schmid Otmar
Published: January 2021

Evolution has endowed the lung with exceptional design providing a large surface area for gas exchange area (ca. 100 m2) in a relatively small tissue volume (ca. 6 L). This is possible due to a complex tissue architecture that has resulted in one of the most challenging organs to be recreated in the lab. The need for realistic and robust in vitro lung models becomes even more evident as causal therapies, especially for chronic respiratory diseases, are lacking. Here, we describe the Cyclic InVItroCell-stretch (CIVIC) “breathing” lung bioreactor for pulmonary epithelial cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI) experiencing cyclic stretch while monitoring stretch-related parameters (amplitude, frequency, and membrane elastic modulus) under real-time conditions. The previously described biomimetic copolymeric BETA membrane (5 μm thick, bioactive, porous, and elastic) was attempted to be improved for even more biomimetic permeability, elasticity (elastic modulus and stretchability), and bioactivity by changing its chemical composition. This biphasic membrane supports both the initial formation of a tight monolayer of pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 and 16HBE14o−) under submerged conditions and the subsequent cell-stretch experiments at the ALI without preconditioning of the membrane. The newly manufactured versions of the BETA membrane did not improve the characteristics of the previously determined optimum BETA membrane (9.35% PCL and 6.34% gelatin [w/v solvent]). Hence, the optimum BETA membrane was used to investigate quantitatively the role of physiologic cyclic mechanical stretch (10% linear stretch; 0.33 Hz: light exercise conditions) on size-dependent cellular uptake and transepithelial transport of nanoparticles (100 nm) and microparticles (1,000 nm) for alveolar epithelial cells (A549) under ALI conditions. Our results show that physiologic stretch enhances cellular uptake of 100 nm nanoparticles across the epithelial cell barrier, but the barrier becomes permeable for both nano- and micron-sized particles (100 and 1,000 nm). This suggests that currently used static in vitro assays may underestimate cellular uptake and transbarrier transport of nanoparticles in the lung.
Onco-Esthetics Dilemma: Is There a Role for Electrocosmetic-Medical Devices?
Authors: Palmieri Beniamino , Palmieri Lucia , Mambrini Andrea , Pepe Valentina , Vadalà Maria
Published: January 2021

Objective

The primary aim of this review is to verify whether the warning against the use of electromedical instruments in the cosmetic professional or medical cancer patient settings is consistent with evident oncological risks supported by experimentalin vitro/in vivostudies or anecdotal clinical reports, or any other reasonable statement.

Methods

MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, AMED, Ovid, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and Google Scholar databases were electronically searched. Data relating to research design, sample population, type of electro-cosmetic devices used, were extracted.

Results

The search strategy identified 50 studies, 30 of which were potentially relevant.

Conclusions

Our research is in favor of moderate periodical use of cosmetic medical devices in patients bearing tumors, in any stage, like in healthy people. Special consideration is dedicated to massage, manipulation, and pressure delivery upon the cytoskeleton of cancer cells that has proven to be sensitive to mechanical stress at least in some specific locally relapsing cancers such as osteosarcoma.
The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on the Second Primary Malignancies in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Halamkova Jana , Kazda Tomas , Pehalova Lucie , Gonec Roman , Kozakova Sarka , Bohovicova Lucia , Slaby Ondrej , Demlova Regina , Svoboda Marek , Kiss Igor
Published: January 2021

Introduction

All colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors have an increased risk of developing second primary malignancies (SPMs). The association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of cancer is well known. However, the role of DM and its therapy in the development of SPMs in CRC patients is not well described.

Methods

In this single-institutional retrospective analysis we identified 1,174 colorectal carcinoma patients, median follow-up 10.1 years, (median age 63 years, 724 men). All patients over 18 years with histologically confirmed CRC who were admitted in the period 1.1. 2003- 31.12.2013 and followed-up till 31.12. 2018 at the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (MMCI) were screened for eligibility. The exclusion criteria were CRC diagnosed at autopsy, lost to follow-up and high risk of development of SPMs due to hereditary cancer syndrome. Tumours are considered multiple primary malignancies if arising in different sites and/or are of a different histology or morphology group. Comparisons of the basic characteristics between the patients with SPM and the patients without SPM were performed as well as comparison of the occurrence of SPMs by the site of diagnosis between the DM and non-DM cohorts and survival analyses.

Results

A SPM was diagnosed in 234 (20%) patients, DM in 183 (15%) patients. DM was diagnosed in 22.6% of those with SPM vs. in 13.8% of those without SPM (p=0.001). The most common types of SPMs in DM patients were other CRC, kidney, lung, bladder and nonmelanoma skin cancer, but only carcinoma of the liver and bile duct tracts was significantly more common than in the group without DM. Although breast cancer was the second most common in the group with DM, its incidence was lower than in the group without DM, as well as prostate cancer. A significantly higher incidence of SPMs was found in older CRC patients (≥ 65 years) and in those with lower stage colon cancer and DM. No significant difference in DM treatment between those with and without a SPM was observed including analysis of type of insulin.

Conclusion

CRC patients with diabetes mellitus, especially those with older age, and early stages of colon cancer, should be screened for second primary malignancies more often than the standard population. Patients without DM have longer survival. According to the occurrence of the most common second malignancies, a clinical examination, blood count, and ultrasound of the abdomen is appropriate, together with standard breast and colorectal cancer screening, and lung cancer screening under certain conditions, and should be recommended in CRC survivors especially in patients with intercurrent DM, however the necessary frequency of screening remains unclear.
RNA m6A Methylation Regulators Subclassify Luminal Subtype in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Lin , Wu Shuangling , Ma Chunhui , Song Shuhui , Jin Feng , Niu Yamei , Tong Wei-Min
Published: January 2021

RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most prevalent epitranscriptomic modification in mammals, with a complex and fine-tuning regulatory system. Recent studies have illuminated the potential of m6A regulators in clinical applications including diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis. Based on six datasets of breast cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and two additional proteomic datasets, we provide a comprehensive view of all the known m6A regulators in their gene expression, copy number variations (CNVs), DNA methylation status, and protein levels in breast tumors and their association with prognosis. Among four breast cancer subtypes, basal-like subtype exhibits distinct expression and genomic alteration in m6A regulators from other subtypes. Accordingly, four representative regulators (IGF2BP2, IGF2BP3, YTHDC2, and RBM15) are identified as basal-like subtype-featured genes. Notably, luminal A/B samples are subclassified into two clusters based on the methylation status of those four genes. In line with its similarity to basal-like subtype, cluster1 shows upregulation in immune-related genes and cell adhesion molecules, as well as an increased number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Besides, cluster1 has worse disease-free and progression-free survival, especially among patients diagnosed with stage II and luminal B subtype. Together, this study highlights the potential functions of m6A regulators in the occurrence and malignancy progression of breast cancer. Given the heterogeneity within luminal subtype and high risk of recurrence and metastasis in a portion of patients, the prognostic stratification of luminal A/B subtypes utilizing basal-featured m6A regulators may help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and therapeutics of breast cancer.
Solasonine Suppresses the Proliferation of Acute Monocytic Leukemia Through the Activation of the AMPK/FOXO3A Axis
Authors: Zhang Hong , Tian Fang , Jiang Pengjun , Qian Shushu , Dai Xingbin , Ma Bangyun , Wang Mengya , Dai Huibo , Sha Xiaocao , Yang Zhongfa , Zhu Xuejun , Sun Xuemei
Published: January 2021

Solasonine, the main active ingredient of Solanum nigrum L., has been reported to exert extensive antitumor activity. However, the antitumor effects in acute monocytic leukemia and the exact mechanisms involved are unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of solasonine on inhibiting the progression of acute monocytic leukemia. Our findings showed that solasonine inhibited the proliferation of acute monocytic leukemic cell lines (THP-1 and MV4-11) in vitro. Solasonine promoted apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Analysis of RNA-seq data suggested that solasonine correlated with increased expression of genes in the AMPK/FOXO3A pathway. Inhibition of AMPK with compound C followed by treatment with solasonine showed that solasonine reduced apoptosis, caused less cell cycle arrest, and inactivated the AMPK/FOXO3A axis in THP-1 and MV4-11 cells. Solasonine also inhibited tumor growth by the activation of the AMPK/FOXO3A axis. In conclusion, solasonine inhibited the progress of acute monocytic leukemia in vitro and in vivo and triggered the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase by upregulating the AMPK/FOXO3A pathway.
Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and Lamb’s Quarters (Chenopodium album L.) Populations Exhibit a High Degree of Morphological and Biochemical Diversity
Authors: Hamidzadeh Moghadam Shiva , Alebrahim Mohammad Taghi , Tobeh Ahmad , Mohebodini Mehdi , Werck-Reichhart Danièle , MacGregor Dana R. , Tseng Te Ming
Published: January 2021

Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album L. are noxious weeds that have a cosmopolitan distribution. These species successfully invade and are adapted to a wide variety of diverse climates. In this paper, we evaluated the morphology and biochemistry of 16 populations of A. retroflexus L. and 17 populations of C. album L. Seeds from populations collected from Spain, France, and Iran were grown together at the experimental field of the agriculture research of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, and a suite of morphological traits and biochemical traits were assessed. Among the populations of A. retroflexus L. and of C. album L. were observed significant differences for all the measured traits. The number of branches (BN) for A. retroflexus L. (12.22) and inflorescence length (FL; 14.34) for C. album L. were the two characteristics that exhibited the maximum coefficient of variation. Principal component analysis of these data identified four principal components for each species that explained 83.54 (A. retroflexus L.) and 88.98 (C. album L.) of the total variation. A dendrogram based on unweighted neighbor-joining method clustered all the A. retroflexus L. and C. album L. into two main clusters and four sub-clusters. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate relationships between climate classification of origin and traits. Similarly, the measured characteristics did not group along Köppen climate classification. Both analyses support the conclusion that A. retroflexus L. and C. album L. exhibit high levels of diversity despite similar environmental histories. Both species also exhibit a high diversity of the measured biochemical compounds indicating that they exhibit different metabolic profiles even when grown concurrently and sympatrically. Several of the biochemical constituents identified in our study could serve as effective indices for indirect selection of stresses resistance/tolerance of A. retroflexus L. and C. album L. The diversity of the morphological and biochemical traits observed among these populations illustrates how the unique selection pressures faced by each population can alter the biology of these plants. This understanding provides new insights to how these invasive plant species successfully colonize diverse ecosystems and suggests methods for their management under novel and changing environmental conditions.
Instance Segmentation to Estimate Consumption of Corn Ears by Wild Animals for GMO Preference Tests
Authors: Adke Shrinidhi , Haro von Mogel Karl , Jiang Yu , Li Changying
Published: January 2021

The Genetically Modified (GMO) Corn Experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that wild animals prefer Non-GMO corn and avoid eating GMO corn, which resulted in the collection of complex image data of consumed corn ears. This study develops a deep learning-based image processing pipeline that aims to estimate the consumption of corn by identifying corn and its bare cob from these images, which will aid in testing the hypothesis in the GMO Corn Experiment. Ablation uses mask regional convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) for instance segmentation. Based on image data annotation, two approaches for segmentation were discussed: identifying whole corn ears and bare cob parts with and without corn kernels. The Mask R-CNN model was trained for both approaches and segmentation results were compared. Out of the two, the latter approach, i.e., without the kernel, was chosen to estimate the corn consumption because of its superior segmentation performance and estimation accuracy. Ablation experiments were performed with the latter approach to obtain the best model with the available data. The estimation results of these models were included and compared with manually labeled test data with R2 = 0.99 which showed that use of the Mask R-CNN model to estimate corn consumption provides highly accurate results, thus, allowing it to be used further on all collected data and help test the hypothesis of the GMO Corn Experiment. These approaches may also be applied to other plant phenotyping tasks (e.g., yield estimation and plant stress quantification) that require instance segmentation.