bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Feasibility and Acceptability Examination of Using a Novel Ergonomic Chinrest with a Low Shoulder Rest by a Viola Player: A Case Report
Authors: Mann Stephanie , Lotte Nygaard Andersen , Paarup Helene M
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: High-string players, such as violinists and violists, are prone to neck problems. One factor can be their body posture, with often a rotated and flexed neck position with the jaw placed on a flat chinrest. The Kréddle chinrest (EC) was specifically designed to promote
a more neutral neck position and prevent musculoskeletal problems among high-string players. This case report aims to evaluate the preliminary feasibility and acceptability of using the EC, with a low shoulder rest, in a pain-free professional high-string player. A secondary aim was to register
newly developed pain and fatigue. METHODS: A 32-year-old professional viola player was instructed to use the EC for most of her playing time during a 6-week trial period. Outcome measures such as compliance (% of use out of total playing time over the last 7 days), performance, comfort and
acceptability were assessed at baseline and at the end of each trial week. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) tool was used to evaluate the body posture at baseline when using the EC versus her own chinrest and shoulder rest. RESULTS: The initial trial period was interrupted after 2 days
due to pain. A second 6-week period was completed. While compliance was high and there was positive feedback on how the EC affected her performance and comfort while holding the instrument, the case report identified a challenge with the complex instruction material, which made it difficult
to install and adjust the product. The viola player was positive towards using EC in the end despite pain and fatigue during the trial period. CONCLUSION: This case report examined a professional viola player’s 6-week experience with an EC. While positive outcomes were observed in posture,
performance, and product acceptance, issues with complex instructions were noted. This study marks the first exploration of individual challenges with EC use.
Proses Rehabilitasi pada Pasien Disabilitas Mental di RSUD Banyumas
Authors: Saputri Enjang
Published: February 2024

Penyandang disabilitas mental (gangguan jiwa) termasuk ke dalamempat masalah kesehatan utama di negara-negara maju, modern, danindustry. Sekalipun gangguan jiwa tidak menyebabkan kematian secaralangsung, namun efek dari gangguan tersebut sangat bisa untukmenimbulkan invaliditas baik secara individu maupun kelompok, dan akanmenghambat pengembangan diri serta pembangunan masyarakat karenatidak produktif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuibagaimana proses konseling rehabilitasi dan perawatan apa saja yangdiberikan kepada pasien gangguan mental di RSUD Banyumas, denganmenggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara dilengkapi dengan kajianpustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses rehabilitasi pada pasiengangguan mental di RSUD Banyumas terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu pada pasienrawat jalan dan pasien rawat inap. Penggolongan ini didasari oleh tingkatkeparahan pasien, jika pasien melakukan tindakan yang membahayakan dirisendiri dan orang lain, serta memiliki penyakit fisik selain penyakit mental,maka pasien akan menjalani rawat inap. Adapun untuk pasien yang masihdapat dikendalikan tingkah lakunya, tidak membahayakan orang lain, danmasih dapat bertindak normal seperti individu sehat lainnya, maka cukupdengan rawat jalan, pengobatan medis, dan rutin melakukan konselingdengan psikiater yang menangani. Kegiatan rehabilitasi yang dilakukanberupa psikoterapi, mulai dari edukasi terhadap keluarga mengenai gangguanyang dialami sampai pengobatan yang dibutuhkan. Kemudian untuk kegiatanbagi pasien terdapat konseling, olahraga, rehabilitasi keagamaan, jugabernyanyi bersama.
Interest in Savings of Mudharabah Deposit at Bank Sampang : Linear Regression Analysis Approach
Authors: Dahruji Dahruji , Putri Laily Supriyawati
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of promotion and profit sharing on people's interest in saving at Sampang Bank with customer knowledge as a mediating variable. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to Bank Sampang customers. This type of research uses quantitative research methods. To determine the sample from the population, Isaac and Michael's table can be used with infinite N with an error rate of 10% with a value of s = 272. Considering that it is not known how many mudharabah deposit customers are at Bank Sampang. The data obtained then using the IBM SPSS Statistic 20 tool. This analysis includes reliability test, validity test, classical assumption test, statistical test and hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression.The results of this study indicate that the variables of promotion, profit sharing and knowledge have a significant effect on people's interest in saving at Bank Sampang as evidenced by the F test or hypothesis. Based on the results of the calculation of data analysis by showing that the calculated F value of 21, 387 is greater than the F table of 2.70 with Sig. ie 0.000 is smaller than 0.05 then there is a significant effect simultaneously
SIANTAR TOP AND HALAL AS COMPANY MISSION
Authors: S. Hartadinata Okta , Farihah Elva , F. Septiarini Diah
Published: February 2024

This study aims to see halal as the company mission of PT Siantar Top Tbk. The qualitative approach in this research is a case study at PT Siantar Top Tbk. by using content analysis techniques in annual reports and the company's official website. The results show that halal is the direction of concern for management policies and impression management of the company. This research has the implication that halal is part of corporate social responsibility towards society and the environment.
Analysis of Fundraising and Distribution of Zakat Infaq and Sadaqah at PT. Cepat Versi Arli in Singkawang City
Authors: Yulisa Kalbarini Rahmah , Tergyesa Tergyesa
Published: February 2024

Zakat is part of the property with certain requirements that Allah SWT obliges the owner to hand over to those who are entitled to receive it, with all certain conditions that have been determined. Zakat is the third pillar of the Islamic pillars. In the Al-Quran, Allah mentions it together with the prayer, which is approximately eighty-two times.This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation and used a source triangulation analysis technique where the researcher checked the data through interviews with several parties to validate the data that had been obtained.The results of this study show the analysis of fundraising in ways, campaigns, communication concepts, campaign materials, campaign language, campaign media, program cooperation, seminars and discussions, and account utilization. The distribution are in the form of temporary assistance (consumptive), empowerment (productive), traditional consumptive distribution, creative consumptive distribution, traditional productive distribution, creative productive distribution, productive distribution patterns, local distribution, fair distribution of all groups at PT. Cepat Versi Arli in Singkawang City.
THE ROLE OF ADVOCATES IN LAW ENFORCEMENT OF THE HALAL INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Roikhana Zahro Nur
Published: February 2024

There are still quite a lot of business actors who have not obtained and registered halal certification. The status of products that have not been halal certified will harm consumers, because there is no certainty, and legally it is not in accordance with statutory regulations. Therefore, the role of advocates is an important one in defending the rights of both entrepreneurs and consumers. The purpose of this study is to determine and identify the role of advocates in law enforcement in the halal industry. This research is libray research, which will examine statutory provisions relating to the duties of advocates and the rights of consumers and entrepreneurs in the halal industry. The results showed that advocates play a role in law enforcement in the halal industry in accordance with their duties as mandated by laws and regulations.
THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON DEVELOPMENT MICRO, SMALL, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) AT SEMBILAN SUMENEP BEACH
Authors: Hanifah Luluk , Ardyansyah Farid
Published: February 2024

This research based by developing tourism on Sembilan Sumenep beach tourist destination areas. The tourism was developing continuously to increase visitors in tourist attractions on Sembilan Sumenep beach. On the processes of developing tourism will give impact to many people for participate to provide tourism industry, that’s with micro, small, medium enterprises (MSMEs). Developing of tourism give motivation for many people to build Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise, this is based on tourism opportunities. The purpose of this study was to knowing how impact of developing tourism to small and medium enterprise and to analysis how the processes of development tourism give impact for micro, small and medium enterprise from income sector and business growth. Analysis of the data used in this research is descriptive analysis method. Based on the results of descriptive and analysis, so obtained the conclusion that’s developing tourism in Sembilan Sumenep beach tourist destination areas could increase of micro, small, and medium enterprise income in tourist destination areas Sembilan Sumenep beach, and was creating opportunities for many people to make new business with thought that’s development of tourism will bring in many tourist and a lot of money was shopping in tourist destination areas. This is prove that’s tourism could increase people opportunities for the business and growth the business. Advice can be given is still need improvement on developing tourism which has been done in tourist destination areas Sembilan Sumenep beach to accommodation tourist needs so many tourist who visiting and improving economy level of people. And needs help from the government to give education for businessmen to developing their product and market their product extensively.Keywords: Tourism, Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), Sembilan Beach
PAMEKASAN REGENCY GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE PROCESS OF ACCELERATING MSME HALAL CERTIFICATION MAQASHID SHARIA PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sholeha Ianatus , Musadad Ahmad
Published: February 2024

Pamekasan Regency has a lot of potential and MSME products produced by thecommunity. Micro, small and medium enterprises ( MSMEs ) are a good forum as wellas a fulcrum in obtaining income for the survival of the community. Pamekasan Regencyis located on Madura Island, precisely in East Java Province, where the majority of thepopulation is Muslim, certainly needs the implementation of halal certification. With thishalal certification, the products consumed by the people of Madura or outside Madurawill be guaranteed halal by the State. If a product is not labeled halal, Muslim consumerswill certainly hesitate to consume it so that the product does not provide benefits.Conversely, if a product is labeled halal, it can motivate Muslim consumers to buy theproduct. Of course this is very profitable for business actors. Halal certification is arequirement for producers to receive a halal labeling permit on a product from anauthorized government agency. Therefore, the author takes the title " PamekasanRegency Government Policy in Accelerating UMKM Business Halal Certification froma Maqashid Sharia Perspective" aims to find out how the Pamekasan Regencygovernment's policy in accelerating the implementation of halal certification. Theresearch method used is a qualitative research method in which the process of searchingfor data through location survey techniques for sampling and using questionnaires andinterviews as a means of collecting data regarding the acceleration of the implementationof halal certification in Pamekasan Regency .Keywords: Halal Certification, Local Government, Sharia Maqashid Rules.
ANALYSIS OF SIYASAH SYAR'IYAH ON THE POLICY OF SUMENEP DISTRICT GOVERNMENT IN ACCELERATING HALAL CERTIFICATION IN UMKM
Authors: Umami Risa , Musadad Ahmad
Published: February 2024

This study aims to analyse siyasah syar'iyah towards the Sumenep Districtgovernment policy in accelerating halal certification in UMKM. This studyexamines the legal and ethical basis of Islam which focuses on the principles ofsiyasah syar'iyah related to public affairs and social justice. This researchmethodology uses qualitative methods by conducting document analysis andinterviews with policy makers and UMKM actors involved in the certificationprocess. The results of the analysis show that the Sumenep Regency governmenthas taken steps in accordance with the principles of siyasah syar'iyah such astransparency, justice and sustainability. However, the implementation of this policyhas several challenges such as limited human and financial resources and lack ofunderstanding and awareness of the importance of halal certification by UMKM.Therefore, it is recommended that the Sumenep Regency government continue toimprove by socializing and mentoring UMKM business actors, as well asstrengthening cooperation with agencies or institutions supporting halalcertification. This research contributes to understanding the implementation ofsiyasah syar'iyah in the context of local level economic policies, as well as providingrecommendations to the government and other stakeholders in the process ofaccelerating halal certification for UMKM effectively and sustainably.Keywords: Siyasah Shar'iyah, Halal Certification, Sumenep Regency
ANALYSIS OF SHARIA LEADERSHIP IN THE POLICY OF COLLECTING ZAKAT ON THE STATE CIVIL APPA
Authors: Nurfadilah Yeni , Choiri Muttaqin
Published: February 2024

This research aims to: First, Understanding the policy of collecting zakat on the State Civil Apparatus(ASN) of the Ministry of Religion of Bangkalan Regency. Second, His leadership style in collectingzakat on the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) of the Ministry of Religion of Bangkalan Regency. Thisresearch uses descriptive qualitative research. Data sources were obtained through primary data andsecondary data with data collection procedures through observation, interviews, and documentation. Someof the people who were used as informants were the Head of the Bangkalan Regency Ministry of Religion,and Employees of the Bangkalan Regency Ministry of Religion Office. The results of this study statethat: First, the collection or collection of zakat funds in the State Civil Apparatus of the Ministry ofReligion of Bangkalan Regency by 1) Collection is by deducting the salary of 2.5% by the salarytreasurer, 2) Distribution for the distribution of professional zakat in the Ministry of Religion ofBangkalan Regency is submitted to Baznas Bangkalan by 40% while for 60% it is distributed by UPZMinistry of Religion of Bangkalan Regency. Second, at the level of the leadership has done Sharialeadership style (Sharia Leadership) including by 1) Loving the Truth (level of doubt, firm), 2) KeepingAmanah (Trust, Commitment), 3) Sincerity in Serving, 4) Good in Association, 5) Wisdom (Justice,Tolerance).Keywords: Sharia Leadership, Zakat Management, State Civil Apparatus (ASN)
THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ahmad Ramdani Harahap Soritua , Dewa Harsoyo Nusa , Iqbal Ahmad , Syarah Siti
Published: February 2024

The role of management in an organization is to regulate the organizationalstructure of management by the will of the company, assist managers insupervising and determining the people needed in the company, will get fastdecision making in the company, and the organization will be neatly. However,problems in developing the role of human resources are still hampered by the lackof rapid adaptation of human resources to technology. This article aims to findout how The Role of Human Resource Management in Improving EmployeePerformance in Terms of an Islamic Perspective. Research conducted in the formof descriptive using literature studies and dissusing the results of previousresearch. The result from this research explain the human resource managementaims to avoid various undesirable things, such as hiring inappropriate people fora job, high turnover, getting employees who do not work optimally/efficiently,wasting time with useless interviews and various other things. Other problems thatare detrimental to the company, human resource management makes humans homoIslamic creatures, which means that the goal of human resource management mustbe to be able to accommodate the goal of human life which is to always presentGod in every activity of his life.Keywords: Role, Human Resources Management, Employee Performance.
GREEN ECONOMY IN SHARIAH ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE IMPROVING COMMUNITY WELFARE
Authors: Mutmainah Mutmainah , Hamzah Amir , Mustika Argarini Galuh
Published: February 2024

The emergence of the green economy due to the issue of global warming is caused bythe environmental crisis caused by a shift in pragmatic human lifestyles. This condition requireseverything to be fast and easy with the use of packaged products which results in a lot of usedproduct waste that is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, the concept of going greenemerged, namely the concept of green economy as an environmentally friendly concept that isin accordance with Islamic economic principles to support environmental development (proenvironment) which has an influence on the development of an economic system that is ableto improve the welfare of society.This research is research aimed at analyzing the greeneconomy from an Islamic economic perspective to improve community welfare. This researchis library research (library research), Data analysis techniques using the Milles and Hubermanmodel include: (1) data reduction, (2) data display, and (3) conclusion drawing. Results researchBased on the discussion it can be concluded that: concept green economyor green economy islow carbon economic activity, saves resources (resource efficient), and is sociallyinclusive/socially inclusive, where this concept is in accordance with Islamic economicprinciples, namely Islamic Eco-Ethics consisting of several principles basic Islamic ethics suchas al-adl (justice), maslahah (public needs), urf (customs), istishlah (improvement), and i'tidal(harmony), so that the green economy is a form of economic improvement that is in harmonywith nature in achieving the benefit and well-being.Key words: green economy, Islamic economy, community welfare
MADURA ULAMA VIEWS ON HALAL LABELIZATION IN TOURISM OBJECTS IN MADURA PERSPECTIVE MASLAHAH MURSALAH
Authors: Musadad Ahmad , Holis Holis , Mustaniroh Mustaniroh , Indasyah Zahro Umi
Published: February 2024

This article aims to find out the views of Madurese scholars regarding halal labeling oftourist attractions in Madura, by focusing the analysis on the concept of maslahahmursalah. Understanding this concept is very important in describing the extent towhich tourist attractions can be considered halal and meet the moral and ethicalaspects of Islam. The research method used was an in-depth interview with a numberof Madurese scholars who have expertise in the field of sharia studies and public policy.The study also delved into related religious literature and Islamic law to strengthen theanalysis of scholarly views. The results showed that Madurese scholars tend to viewhalal labels on tourist attractions as a must to ensure the fulfillment of aspects of shariaand maslahah mursalah. They argue that tourist attractions that are in accordance withIslamic principles can provide wider social and economic benefits for the people ofMadura. But the research also revealed a variation in views among scholars regardingthe criteria for halal labels, as well as the role of stakeholders in making them happen.Some experts stress the need for community involvement in the labeling process, whileothers emphasize the role of religious authorities. This research contributes tounderstanding how Madurese scholars perceive halal labels on tourist attractions, byintegrating the perspective of maslahah mursalah as a legal basis. The implications ofthis research can be used as a guide in developing policies that are more inclusive andin accordance with Islamic values in the management of tourist attractions in Madura.Keywords : Madura Ulama, Siring Kemuning Beach, Camplong Beach, Halal Tourism Labeling,Maslahah Mursalah
Geo-physical attributes of Shushunia’s aquifer, Chhatna block, Bankura district, West Bengal, India
Authors: Bhutia Namgyal Tshewang , Sinha Malavika
Published: February 2024

Shushunia hill lies in a transitional zone of the South Singbhum Mobile Craton and northern Gondwana formation. The Shushunia hill appears like a porcupine peak and it has structural similarity to the Eastern Ghat. The Shushunia hill zone is an example of a contact spring. In the foothill zone, two perennial springs are observed. The study purely deals with its aquifer and water quality. Based on the present rock strata and the nature of the contact aquifer, its early condition has been assumed. The discharge of the confined aquifers occurs by leakage. The water temperature depicts the springs are not of geothermal origin. Shushunia's aquifer is the shallow flow system water table and it is the subdued replica of surface topography. The comparatively high discharge rate during post-monsoon indicates the fractured conduit-water seepage towards the aquifer. Moreover, twin-contact aquifers do not yield water uniformly. The perennial aquifer may act as a municipal water supply source for drinking purposes in the future.
CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL Y RASGOS DE ANSIEDAD Y DEPRESIÓN EN ADOLESCENTES ESCOLARIZADOS
Authors: Higareda-Sánchez Jesús Javier , Rivera Aragón Sofia , Reidl Martínez Lucy María , Flores Galaz Mirta Margarita , Romero Palencia Angélica
Published: February 2024

La literatura sobre la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad y el consumo de alcohol presenta una serie de inconsistencias, debido a que no se sabe si son causas o consecuencias del consumo. Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio fue relacionar los rasgos de ansiedad y depresión con el consumo de alcohol y el consumo de riesgo en una población no clínica de adolescentes escolarizados de México. Método. 906 estudiantes voluntarios de educación básica fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico accidental. La media de edad fue de 13.37 (DE=1.09). La edad de inicio de consumo fue de 11.49 (DE= 2.47). Resultados. Se identifican relaciones bajas estadísticamente significativas entre los rasgos de ansiedad y depresión con el consumo de riesgo, así mismo se identifican diferencias por sexo y por inicio en el consumo. Conclusiones. Los resultados se discuten con base en el desarrollo de los rasgos de personalidad.
Violencia en el noviazgo y su relación con consumo de drogas y conductas sexuales de riesgo, en una población joven mexicana
Authors: Hidalgo-Rasmussen Carlos Alejandro , Javier-Juárez Sandra Paola , Zurita-Aguilar Kathia Anahí , Chávez-Flores Yolanda Viridiana , Rosales-Damián Guillermo , Torres-Chávez Lilia Janeth
Published: February 2024

Introducción: la violencia en el noviazgo es un problema de salud pública, que se ha relacionado con comportamien-tos de riesgo tales como el consumo de tabaco, alcohol, drogas ilegales y comportamientos sexuales de riesgo. En México los antecedentes son pocos y no son consistentes. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio transversal fue determinar si existía relación entre la violencia en el noviazgo y el consumo de alcohol, tabaco, drogas y las conductas sexuales de riesgo, en población joven mexicana, según sexo. Método: participaron 3,139 estudiantes (M = 18.87, DE = 1.33), el 64.2% fueron mujeres. Resultados y conclusiones: se encontró que el 3.3% experimentó al menos una vez violencia física y el 2.4% violencia sexual. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres para los comportamientos de riesgo de consumo de tabaco, alcohol, drogas ilegales y conducta sexual, donde las mujeres tuvieron una mayor prevalencia. Se encontró que solo existe relación entre el consumo de drogas ilegales y la violencia sexual para el caso de las mujeres. Futuros estudios podrían verificar si estos resultados se man-tienen en otras muestras mexicanas y con instrumentos que exploren también conductas de violencia psicológica.
Rompiendo el cristal: Percepciones de los usuarios de metanfetamina sobre los desafíos para acceder y permanecer en un tratamiento
Authors: Martínez Kalina Isela , Robles Lorenia , Ojeda Yancarlo Lizandro , Hernández Jafet
Published: February 2024

Introducción. La demanda de oferta terapéutica por consumo de metanfetamina (cristal) en el estado de Aguascalientes, México se ha incrementado en los últimos años. El cristal se ha convertido en la principal droga de impacto en consumidores de Aguascalientes. La mayoría de las personas que van a tratamiento, lo hacen en servicios no gubernamentales emanados de la sociedad civil, conocidos como centros residenciales o anexos. Método. Se llevó a cabo un estudio para identificar y analizar las barreras que enfrentan los consumidores de cristal al buscar tratamiento. Se realizaron 21 entrevistas a personas consumidoras de cristal que recibían tratamiento en tres centros residenciales. Resultados. Se identificaron tres tipos principales de barreras: sistemáticas o estructurales, no-sistemáticas o actitudinales y de permanencia o adherencia al tratamiento. Conclusiones. El estudio destaca la importancia de identificar los obstáculos que enfrentan las personas consumidoras para acceder a algún tipo de tratamiento, así como identificar y analizar los componentes que deberían incluirse en el diseño de programas de prevención e intervención que se adecuen a las necesidades de este tipo de consumo en específico.
Improving Hole Cleaning by Using Distributed Damping Subs to Control Lateral Oscillations of the Drill-String
Authors: Mihai R. , Ambrus A. , Cayeux E.
Published: February 2024

Poor hole cleaning is often the cause for drilling performance deterioration, many times leading to detrimental situations such as pack-offs and stuck pipe.

In addition to high flowrate and rotational speed, lateral oscillations of the drill-string on the low-side of inclined wells were shown to improve hole cleaning. However, the drill-string lateral oscillations are usually not controlled in any way. This paper proposes a solution to trigger the lateral movement of the drill-string at certain positions, with simulation results to support the novel concept.

Generally, it is desirable to damp out drill-string vibrations as they impact drilling performance, can cause severe damage to drill-string/bottom hole assembly components, or destabilize the formation rocks. A solution based on distributed damping subs along the drill-string has been proposed to eliminate stick-slip and other forms of torsional vibrations. These damping subs utilize magnetic viscous damping through eddy current braking and their design enables active control of the damping strength. The latter fact allows to consider a coordinated control of the damping strength to initiate a controlled low amplitude lateral movement of the drill-string that can facilitate hole-cleaning while simultaneously attenuating torsional oscillations of the drill-string.

A simulated environment was used for verifying the proposed solution. It includes a transient stiff-string torque and drag model which accounts for axial, torsional and lateral displacements. The viscous damping subs are included in the model at defined locations along the drill-string. Several distributed control strategies have been simulated and the induced lateral movement of the drill-string has been analyzed. Simulations were performed with a well configuration from a field case. The first series of simulated experiments were focused on controlling the amount of viscous damping for all subs simultaneously with the same magnitude. It was observed that the effect on the lateral movement in this case was minor. In a second approach, subs placed at different locations had different damping strengths that were varied at specific time steps. Controlling the damping in a distributed fashion had a stronger effect on the local lateral movement and it was possible to create different localized movement patterns along the drill-string.

The concept of utilizing distributed damping subs along the drill-string opens the possibility to actively control the local lateral movement of the drill-pipes and therefore enhance hole cleaning performance. At the same time, torsional oscillations are damped out. Furthermore, the damping subs reduce the overall required torque at the top-drive and facilitate weight transmission to the bit.
A New While Drilling High Resolution Caliper and Oil Base Mud Electrical Imager Using Advanced Radar Technology
Authors: Øy L. , Bye I. , Barrouillet B. , Lauritzen M. , Chemali R. E.
Published: February 2024

A new LWD sensor is introduced for measuring a high-resolution borehole image in large boreholes and both in light and heavy oil base mud. The new sensor uses advanced radar technology, and in addition to caliper (time-of-flight) image, delivers an electrical image to help geoscientists visualize and understand the stratigraphy and fractures.

A pulse radar operating in the multi-gigahertz range is implemented within the bottom hole assembly. As the BHA rotates, the radar measurements scan the borehole surface. The time of flight is converted to a distance to the borehole wall. The amplitude of the reflected signal correlates with the micro-resistivity/permittivity of the formation in the immediate vicinity of the borehole.

Up until recently, sensors capable of performing these caliper measurements while drilling have been limited to smaller size boreholes and lighter muds. A new technology, based on a downhole radar rotating with the bottom hole assembly extends the application to boreholes of 18 inches and more in oil base mud. The same technology yields a micro-resistivity/permittivity image that is prized by the geoscientists for recognizing key geological features, including layered formations, fractures, faults, and unconformities. Here again the new technology is the first to our knowledge to obtain such information while drilling in large holes and light and heavy oil base mud.

A new technology, namely the downhole pulsed GHz radar brings a new solution to well-known problems. High resolution calipers and micro-resistivity images while drilling have been made available to the industry in recent years, however they are restricted to smaller than 12 ¼" boreholes and water base mud. The article below explains how and how well the new technology has significantly increased the range of applicability to oil base mud for large hole sizes, like 12 ¼" and 17-1/2".
Revisiting Post-Blowout Wellbore Integrity: Mechanistic Modeling of the Stress Evolutions Within the Casing-Cement Sheath-Rock Formation System
Authors: Khan Jawad Ali , Khouissat Abdelhakim , Michael Andreas
Published: February 2024

Eleven ("10 + 1") mechanisms of mechanical degradation that can compromise the wellbore integrity are evaluated by modeling the stress evolutions within the casing-cement sheath-rock formation (C/CS/RF) system. Past attempts from the published literature overlooked the need for establishing an initial stress state that yields stability following cement setting (wait-on-cement). A novel approach is used to calibrate for the initial stress distributions assuming effective-radial-stress-and-displacement continuity along the CS's interfaces with the steel casing and the adjacent-RF.

Established analytical expressions form what is generally recognized as the basic stress analysis inside the casing walls and the RF region adjacent to a well. A calibration procedure is necessary to extend the stress model into the CS layer between the casing and the adjacent-RF considering effective-radial-stress-and-displacement continuity. Our mechanistic model is capable of evaluating against four failure mechanisms in the casing layer considering collapse, burst, tensile, and/or compressive stress loads, four failure mechanisms in the CS layer (inner or outer debonding, radial cracking, disking, and shear cracking), along with longitudinal and transverse tensile/"Mode I" fracture initiation in the RF layer (an "underground blowout"), and finally potential reactivation via shear-slippage of natural, pre-existing faults at close proximity, that could trigger seismic events.

Post-blowout-reservoir depletion, followed by pressurization after successful capping stack shut-in presents one of the biggest challenges vis-à-vis wellbore integrity. A case study is presented, assessing the wellbore integrity during the aftermath of the MC 252-1 "Macondo Well" blowout from April 20, 2010, in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The results differ from those of previous studies and we think are more realistic due to the improved approach used for calibrating for the initial stress distributions. Wellbore integrity is maintained during the heavy-pressure depletion that the reservoir experienced throughout the 86.2-day post-blowout-discharge period and the subsequent wellbore-pressure buildup that followed the successful well capping.
Meeting Increasing Demands for Upstream GHG Reporting – A Framework for the Drilling Industry
Authors: Emborg M. , Olsen S. I.
Published: February 2024

This paper details the scope and framework applied for quantifying upstream Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions linked to offshore drilling operations. A step-by-step methodological approach is presented, comprising environmental impact modelling of drilling and rig operational activities through application of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The method aims to break down upstream emissions to a process level, showing that emissions can be evaluated to a greater detail level compared to what current scope 3 reporting levels offer today. Results from a North Sea drilling case study conducted in collaboration with Noble Corporation are used for showcasing the impact burden levels, challenges and prosperity of accounting, reporting, and tracking upstream emissions as a drilling contractor. A framework tailored to the drilling industry is presented, emphasizing how upstream emissions may be linked to drilling and rig operational processes, and how these emissions can be continuously reported and improved over time. A set of system boundaries for assessing scope 3 emissions are suggested, along with recommended emission calculation methods. The presented framework may serve as an alternate supplement to IPIECA's adapted version of the GHG Protocol's Scope 3 Standard, otherwise intended for the petroleum industry, and to IADC's industry guideline for ESG reporting.
Dynamic Simulation of Riser Gas Handling with a Fixed-Choke Constant Outflow
Authors: Yuan Zhaoguang , Liu Yaxin , Zhou Lei , Hashemian Yahya
Published: February 2024

It is challenging to optimize operation procedures that safely remove riser gas without causing equipment, personnel, or unnecessary environmental issues. This paper presents results from studies of various scenarios using a fixed-choke constant outflow (FCCO) method that will keep the choke opening constant to measure fluid outflow while circulating the riser gas out through the booster line.

A commercial dynamic multiphase flow software program was used to study extreme scenarios of up to 300 bbl of gas influx in the bottom of the riser of a deepwater rig equipped with a riser gas handling system or managed pressure drilling (MPD) system drilling in 12,000 ft of water. The consequences of gas migration and free gas dissolution into both water-based and oil-based mud were studied. The initial fixed-choke opening was selected by modeling a 500-gal/min flow rate through the boost line with a choke sized to initially obtain from 150 to 200 psi surface back pressure. The pump rate was reduced to 200 gal/min or even 0 gal/min as needed to keep choke pressure; hence, the return flow rate is relatively equal to the initial target value. Other scenarios with different influx volumes and choke openings were also studied to check pressure consequences to the riser system.

When using the FCCO method to manage the 300 bbl influx with water-based mud, the software calculated a maximum pressure of 580 psi on the riser top. When using oil-based mud, a maximum pressure of 1,112 psi was observed on the riser top for the same scenario. When the same situation was simply shut in (instead of being circulated using the FCCO method), there was a maximum pressure of 2,300 psi on the riser top with water-based mud, but only 1,254 psi when using oil-based mud, ignoring for the moment the benefit provided by pressure relief valves in an actual operation, which could intervene before the riser top pressure reaches 2,300 psi.

The analysis of the resulting surface choke pressure and surface gas/liquid flow rate support the concept that circulation of the gas influx while adjusting pump rate to keep the flow rate constant through a choke at the fixed position (even if it means reducing the pump rate to 0 gal/min as flow is driven by gas expansion alone) would be easier to handle than by using other proposed riser gas management procedures.

This paper presents the first study of riser gas handling in an oil-based mud scenario considering gas dissolution with an FCCO and provide references for International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) riser-gas handling guidelines and deepwater well control guidelines.
Speech Recognition Technology Used to Detect Drillstring Breakover and Optimize Drilling Tasks
Authors: Groh A. , Kaya M. E. , Dunbar D.
Published: February 2024

Detecting when the entirety of a drillstring is moving—referred to as breakover—is necessary for automating several tasks in the drilling process. This paper provides an overview of how cross-industry application of machine learning (ML) technology helped solve challenges related to real-time pattern recognition of breakover and how this solution assisted with providing immediate metrics and control of the drilling process.

This project leveraged Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), used frequently in other industries for speech recognition and pattern recognition over time series data, to create a statistical classifier that detects drillstring breakover in real time. Although these techniques have not seen widespread adoption in the oil and gas industry, they provide a flexible solution to many automation problems. Model features correlated with string stiffness were constructed that allowed for accurate classification of pre-breakover and post-breakover states. Subject matter experts were enlisted to label 500+ examples of breakover, which were used to train and test models for both ascending and descending drillstrings. The models were then deployed and integrated into the drilling control system to provide monitoring capabilities and control certain processes.

The models provided accurate detections of breakover more than 90% of the time when measured against several wells studied for this project and provided hookload values for both breakover and general pickup and slackoff operations. This high accuracy allows for broad application of the model to several use cases. Applications include reducing an operator's 20-ft standard pickup distance, thereby reducing overall connection times, and using the associated models improved the quality of tares in deep lateral sections. The model also provided additional benefits, including automated drag monitoring for rotary drilling and tripping as well as hole condition monitoring during cleanup cycles. Both offer opportunities to optimize flat time and will be discussed in detail.
Thermal Effects on Drilling Performance in Hot Dry Rock
Authors: Vetsak A. , Gerbaud L. , Shor R. J. , Rogers A. , Jordaan W. , Toews M.
Published: February 2024

High-temperature geothermal resources away from tectonic boundaries or geologic hotspots can be accessed by the drilling of deep wells through significant sections of basement rock. This paper evaluates the impact of rapid cooling on rock cutting process, and incorporates this effect as a part of potential drilling performance optimization.

Using data from a series of experiments conducted in a high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) drilling laboratory, we demonstrated that rapid cooling enhanced rates of penetration over 60% in the 300+ °C hot dry rock utilizing a PDC bit or a roller cone bit. Drilling was performed in hard igneous rock samples, with the unconfined compressive strength over 200 MPa. Each sample was heated and confined to predetermined conditions, then drilled with controlled parameters. The drilling performance data was acquired for each experiment, complemented with dynamic in-situ temperature measurements, and visual assessment of rock samples before and after drilling. The rapid cooling effect on the rate of penetration was found to be a function of the temperature difference between the drilling fluid at the bit face and the rock sample temperatures.

Unlike previous studies on the Drilling Performance, which overlooked thermal effects, our research focuses on the synergy between rapid cooling and mechanical rock cutting process. This study provides a framework to understand and improve drilling performance for HPHT wells, including deep and hot geothermal wells.
Methods for Evaluation of Wellbore Collision Probability in Critical Close-Proximity Regions
Authors: Bang J. , Aklestad D.
Published: February 2024

A previous paper (Bang, 2017) has described a general method for calculation of the probability of collision between two wellbores. The present paper focuses on the sections along both wells where the collision probability is significant. Our hypothesis for this study was that for such limited sections of the wellbores, approximations and alternative mathematical approaches might increase the computational efficiency without too large sacrifices of the result's accuracy.

The potential benefits have been investigated through numerical calculations. The results indicate that using a constant uncertainty instead of the actual, varying uncertainty across the entire close-proximity region may increase the computation efficiency. However, we also found that this approximation should be applied with care, because it may generally be difficult to define the constant uncertainty with sufficient accuracy, based on a priori data. Furthermore, we have evaluated the current method of calculating probabilities in metric space against calculating in Mahalanobis space. These two approaches are mathematically equivalent. For our implementation and limited range of testing, the two methods are about equal with respect to computation efficiency.

We have also identified some important topics for future studies. Among these are identification of adequate parameters and efficient algorithms for collision risk analysis at various well proximity ranges, and evaluation of the appropriateness of established model assumptions in light of the industry's current needs and practices.
Practical Challenges to Consider for Model-Based Engineering in Drilling Automation
Authors: Whitlow Zackary W. , Mahjoub Mohamed , Menand Stephane , Pastusek Paul , Payette Greg , Nguyen Khac-Long , Gildin Eduardo
Published: February 2024

Model-based engineering has become more prevalent in the drilling industry over the last few decades. While there is great value in using models, a realistic understanding of the types of problems that can be solved with models, the associated cost, and limitations is critical. Understanding these challenges will help facilitate communication, planning, and collaboration. This paper describes some of the challenges to understanding and ultimately automating drilling processes using models.

Examples of models used to solve industry problems are torque and drag, stick slip, surge and swab, drillstring dynamics, and many more. Models may be data-driven, or physics based, steady state or dynamic, high fidelity or reduced order for execution speed and clarity. To learn from a high-fidelity model, data must be collected and fed to the model and parameters estimated to reproduce the behavior of interest. Often there is not enough data to be certain of the relevant dynamics either because of aliasing or sparse sensor placement. Models for control systems and automation must be controllable and observable which means that most of the high frequency dynamics which represent things like high frequency torsional oscillations and whirl are eliminated, high fidelity is not appropriate. Specifying model requirements and modifying existing models to meet those may require a significant effort which should be considered when planning projects.

The goal is to provide an overview of common use cases for models, and a general description of associated model requirements, to illustrate some of the challenges and costs involved in drilling automation. Processes involved in developing models for specific applications are not described in detail. Instead, the reader is referred to relevant literature.
Drilling Integrity Analysis and Optimal Well Placement Based on 4D Coupled Geomechanical Modelling and Natural Fracture Prediction
Authors: Haas M. , Cifuentes H. R. , Ahumada J. S. , Suarez Y. O. , Gomez J. C. Acosta , Abad F. , Sorgi C. , Hussein A. M.
Published: February 2024

Wellbore instabilities and mud losses lead to costly and time-consuming drilling issues. The identification of these drilling risks is inevitable when it comes to estimating time, costs, and the success of wellbores for exploration and production in reservoirs. The goal of this study is to assess drilling integrity and enhance drilling program designs for forthcoming wells in the reservoir located in the Matachín Field, Colombia based on a high-resolution 4D geomechanical model and incorporated natural fractures. The study involves examining the prediction of natural fractures and stability of wellbores during production scenarios, with the aim of minimizing non-productive time in future wells, irrespective of their trajectories.

An advanced geomechanical workflow was developed in four stages. The first stage involved gathering all data through a screening process. The second stage was data integration, which involved constructing a structural model by incorporating geological attributes and single well profiles, including geomechanical parameters, stress distributions, and pore pressure. In the third stage, present-day stresses were analysed, and their evolution was examined due to changes in pore pressure from the reservoir model and imposed tectonic strains. The fourth stage involved analysing stresses, elastic and rock strength properties for field integrity, drilling integrity, discontinuity stability analysis, and optimal well placement ultimately incorporating natural fractures. Geomechanical properties and stresses were derived from wireline logs at well scale and calibrated against available measurements, such as rock core tests, formation tests, and wellbore deformation analysis. Dynamic pore pressure data up to present-day were included to assess stress changes caused by depletion. The results of 1D geomechanical analysis were upscaled into 3D and incorporated into a complex structural grid along with fault and discrete fracture network models.

The 3D model shows that well trajectories can be improved for increased wellbore stability, resulting in a significant decrease in predicted wellbore collapses. Pore pressure changes that occur due to depletion (production) are explicitly reflected in the reservoir section. As one of the first 3D geomechanical studies in the Colombian Matachín field, the model provides a robust subsurface stress distribution that allows conclusions on safe and optimal well placement. The 3D model serves as the basis for future studies to incorporate new information available from well data and laboratory data. New geological and seismic interpretations allow for an extension of the model area to yet unexplored regions.