bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unconventional approaches for the introduction of sulfur-based functional groups
Authors: Lanfranco Alberto , Moro Riccardo , Azzi Emanuele , Deagostino Annamaria , Renzi Polyssena
Published: July 2021

Alternative solvents, ultrasound, electrochemistry and solvent-free methodologies to obtain sulfur-based compounds are herein reviewed. Special attention is paid to unconventional and/or sustainable processes.
Bismuth selenide nanosheets confined in thin carbon layers as anode materials for advanced potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Xingxing , Zhang Chenglin , Yang Guowei , Wu Yuhan , Fu Qun , Zhao Huaping , Lei Yong
Published: July 2021

A composite of Bi2Se3 nanosheets confined in ultrathin carbon layers is synthesized. The carbon layers buffer the volume variation and enhance the electronic conductivity of the electrode, resulting in improved potassium-ion storage performance.
Self-supported cobalt–nickel bimetallic telluride as an advanced catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Qi Yu , Yang Zhi , Peng Shuai , Wang Mitang , Bai Jilin , Li Hong , Xiong Dehua
Published: July 2021

The Ni-doped Co@CoTe2 electrode exhibits an outstanding OER activity and excellent long-term stability and outperforms most of the well-studied Co-based dichalcogenides.
Multigram synthesis of an orthogonally-protected pentasaccharide for use as a glycan precursor in a Shigella flexneri 3a conjugate vaccine: application to a ready-for-conjugation decasaccharide
Authors: Cornil Johan , Hu Zhaoyu , Bouchet Marion , Mulard Laurence A.
Published: July 2021

Fine-tuned catalytic processes facilitating regio- and stereoselective conversions for the large-scale synthesis of a pentasaccharide and its oligomerization into ready-for-conjugation haptens.
Efficient one-pot synthesis of [3]catenanes based on Pt(ii) metallacycles with a flexible building block
Authors: Shao Yuan-Guang , He Lang , Mao Qian-Qian , Hong Tao , Ying Xin-Wen , Zhang Zibin , Li Shijun , Stang Peter J.
Published: July 2021

Three [3]catenanes were fabricated in high efficiency through the self-assembly of a 90° platinum(ii) receptor, a flexible bis(4,4′-bipyridinium) donor and a crown ether (DB24C8 or DB30C10).
Facile fabrication of ion-imprinted Fe3O4/carboxymethyl cellulose magnetic biosorbent: removal and recovery properties for trivalent La ions
Authors: Liu Long , Chang Sheng , Wang Yan , Zhao Hexiang , Wang Shuteng , Zheng Chengfeng , Ding Yingying , Ren Shixue , Zhang Jiguo , Guo Yuan-Ru
Published: July 2021

An Fe3O4/carboxymethyl cellulose magnetic biosorbent was prepared by ion-imprinting technology, showing good adsorption and selectivity properties for La(iii) with a high recovery efficiency.
A new cross-conjugated mesomeric betaine
Authors: Sharma Nivedita , Kour Manjinder , Gupta Raakhi , Bansal Raj K.
Published: July 2021

Cross-conjugated mesomeric betaine (CCMB) has been defined as the dipolar species in which positive and negative charges are exclusively restricted to different parts of the molecule. A new CCMB isoconjugate with odd non-alternant hydrocarbon anion is reported.
Development of structurally extended benzosiloxaboroles – synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation
Authors: Pacholak P. , Krajewska J. , Wińska P. , Dunikowska J. , Gogowska U. , Mierzejewska J. , Durka K. , Woźniak K. , Laudy A. E. , Luliński S.
Published: July 2021

The synthesis of potassium 6-hydroxy-7-chloro-1,1-dimethyl-3,3-difluorobenzo-1,2,3-siloxaborolate 5b from readily available 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol was developed.
Epoxy composite with high thermal conductivity by constructing 3D-oriented carbon fiber and BN network structure
Authors: Wang Ying , Gao Yuan , Tang Bo , Wu Xinfeng , Chen Jin , Shan Liming , Sun Kai , Zhao Yuantao , Yang Ke , Yu Jinhong , Li Wenge
Published: July 2021

As electronic devices tend to be integrated and high-powered, thermal conductivity is regarded as the crucial parameter of electronic components, which is the main factor that limits the operating speed and service lifetime of electronic devices.
Decarboxylative 1,4-carbocyanation of 1,3-enynes to access tetra-substituted allenes via copper/photoredox dual catalysis
Authors: Chen Ya , Wang Junjie , Lu Yixin
Published: July 2021

An efficient synthesis of multi-substituted allenes by metallaphotoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative 1,4-carbocyanation of 1,3-enynes is described.
Correction: Development of a structure-based computational simulation to optimize the blocking efficacy of pro-antibodies
Authors: Huang Bo-Cheng , Lu Yun-Chi , Liao Jun-Min , Liu Hui-Ju , Hong Shih-Ting , Hsieh Yuan-Chin , Chuang Chih-Hung , Chen Huei-Jen , Liao Tzu-Yi , Ho Kai-Wen , Wang Yeng-Tseng , Cheng Tian-Lu
Published: July 2021

Correction for ‘Development of a structure-based computational simulation to optimize the blocking efficacy of pro-antibodies’ by Bo-Cheng Huang et al., Chem. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1SC01748A.
Evaporative self-assembly of soft colloidal monolayers: the role of particle softness
Authors: Jose Merin , Basavaraj Madivala G. , Satapathy Dillip K.
Published: July 2021

Sessile drop evaporation aided self-assembly of microgel particles of varying softness.
Chitin–amyloid synergism and their use as sustainable structural adhesives
Authors: Greca Luiz G. , De France Kevin J. , Majoinen Johanna , Kummer Nico , Luotonen Otso I. V. , Campioni Silvia , Rojas Orlando J. , Nyström Gustav , Tardy Blaise L.
Published: July 2021

Chitin, lysozyme, and lysozyme amyloids are evaluated as single-component and composite structural adhesives. A high shear strength is observed for chitin and lysozyme, which can be further improved by at least 25% upon compositing.
Rapid self-healing, multiple recyclability and mechanically robust plant oil-based epoxy resins enabled by incorporating tri-dynamic covalent bonding
Authors: Zhang Chaoqun , Wang Xiao , Liang Dunsheng , Deng Henghui , Lin Zirun , Feng Pengju , Wang Qingwen
Published: July 2021

Novel bio-based epoxy resins with high tensile strength, rapid self-healing and excellent multiple recyclability were synthesized through thiol–epoxy “click” reaction between epoxidized vegetable oils and dithiol-functionalized boronic ester.
Delivery of a system xc−inhibitor by a redox-responsive levodopa prodrug nanoassembly for combination ferrotherapy
Authors: Xin Huhu , Huang Yong , Tang Honglin , Chen Yuan , Xia Hongguang , Zhang Fu , Li Bowen , Ping Yuan
Published: July 2021

A ferroptosis nano-prodrug (SSZ–Fe2+@DSSD) that can generate intercellular ROS and inhibit the system xc−-GSH-GPX4 pathway to enhance the cancer ferrotherapy.
On the energy transfer in LiMgPO4 doped with rare-earth elements
Authors: Kellerman D. G. , Kalinkin M. O. , Akulov D. A. , Abashev R. M. , Zubkov V. G. , Surdo A. I. , Medvedeva N. I. , Kuznetsov M. V.
Published: July 2021

The TL and RL signals in LiMgPO4:Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Tm originate from f–f transitions in rare earth elements, while the rare earths in LiMgPO4:Er, Ho, Nd only greatly enhance the signals of the phosphate matrix as a result of energy transfer.
Manipulating MLCT transition character with ppy-type four-coordinate organoboron skeleton for highly efficient long-wavelength Ir-based phosphors in organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Feng Zhao , Yu Yue , Yang Xiaolong , Sun Yuanhui , Zhong Daokun , Deng Xuming , Zhou Guijiang , Wu Zhaoxin
Published: July 2021

Manipulating the MLCT transition character of cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes with a 2-phenylpyridine-type four-coordinate organoboron skeleton for developing high-performance long-wavelength Ir-based phosphors.
Design and delivery of messenger RNA-based vaccines
Authors: Pichon Chantal , Perche Federico
Published: July 2021

In these last years, we are witnessing the emergence of a new class of biopharmaceuticals based on messenger RNA (mRNA). One of the most promising applications of mRNA is its use as vaccines. Many reports, including ours, have demonstrated the preclinical efficacy of mRNA vaccines. mRNA vaccines have several advantages over traditional vaccines or even DNA vaccines. Unlike attenuated or inactivated vaccines, mRNA encodes for a specific antigen that will be expressed in situ and stimulates both the innate immune system and an adaptive immunity to promote both humoral and cellular immune responses.
Distinct Contributions of Working Memory and Attentional Control to Sentence Comprehension in Noise in Persons With Stroke
Authors: Fitzhugh Megan C. , LaCroix Arianna N. , Rogalsky Corianne
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Sentence comprehension deficits are common following a left hemisphere stroke and have primarily been investigated under optimal listening conditions. However, ample work in neurotypical controls indicates that background noise affects sentence comprehension and the cognitive resources it engages. The purpose of this study was to examine how background noise affects sentence comprehension poststroke using both energetic and informational maskers. We further sought to identify whether sentence comprehension in noise abilities are related to poststroke cognitive abilities, specifically working memory and/or attentional control.

Method

Twenty persons with chronic left hemisphere stroke completed a sentence–picture matching task where they listened to sentences presented in three types of maskers: multispeakers, broadband noise, and silence (control condition). Working memory, attentional control, and hearing thresholds were also assessed.

Results

A repeated-measures analysis of variance identified participants to have the greatest difficulty with the multispeakers condition, followed by broadband noise and then silence. Regression analyses, after controlling for age and hearing ability, identified working memory as a significant predictor of listening engagement (i.e., mean reaction time) in broadband noise and multispeakers and attentional control as a significant predictor of informational masking effects (computed as a reaction time difference score where broadband noise is subtracted from multispeakers).

Conclusions

The results from this study indicate that background noise impacts sentence comprehension abilities poststroke and that these difficulties may arise due to deficits in the cognitive resources supporting sentence comprehension and not other factors such as age or hearing. These findings also highlight a relationship between working memory abilities and sentence comprehension in background noise. We further suggest that attentional control abilities contribute to sentence comprehension by supporting the additional demands associated with informational masking.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14984511
A Perceptual Learning Approach for Dysarthria Remediation: An Updated Review
Authors: Borrie Stephanie A. , Lansford Kaitlin L.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Early studies of perceptual learning of dysarthric speech, those summarized in Borrie, McAuliffe, and Liss (2012), yielded preliminary evidence that listeners couldlearnto better understand the speech of a person with dysarthria, revealing a potentially promising avenue for future intelligibility interventions. Since then, a programmatic body of research grounded in models of perceptual processing has unfolded. The current review provides an updated account of the state of the evidence in this area and offers direction for moving this work toward clinical implementation.

Method

The studies that have investigated perceptual learning of dysarthric speech (N= 24) are summarized and synthesized first according to the proposed learning source and then by highlighting the parameters that appear to mediate learning, culminating with additional learning outcomes.

Results

The recent literature has established strong empirical evidence of intelligibility improvements following familiarization with dysarthric speech and a theoretical account of the mechanisms that facilitate improved processing of the neurologically degraded acoustic signal.

Conclusions

There are no existing intelligibility interventions for individuals with dysarthria who cannot behaviorally modify their speech. However, there is now robust support for the development of an approach that shifts the weight of behavioral change from speaker to listener, exploiting perceptual learning to ease the intelligibility burden of dysarthria. To move this work from bench to bedside, recommendations for translational studies that establish best practices and candidacy for listener-targeted dysarthria remediation, perceptual training, are provided.
Effects of a Peer-Mentoring Program on Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Student Stress
Authors: Greene Stacie M.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This study sought to examine the effects of a peer-mentoring program on first-year speech-language pathology graduate students' perceived stress levels.

Method

The researcher randomly assigned 10 first-year speech-language pathology graduate students to a mentee group. Students were then randomly matched with 10 second-year speech-language pathology graduate students in a peer-mentoring program for one semester. The researcher also randomly assigned 10 additional first-year speech-language pathology graduate students to a control group. Data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale, a demographic survey, a peer-mentoring program tracking form, and an evaluation of the peer-mentoring program.

Results

This study indicates that first-semester graduate students in speech-language pathology experience moderate levels of perceived stress, and their perceived stress levels increased from the start to the end of the fall semester. In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between the students' perceived stress levels in the control and the mentee group at the end of the semester; the increase in perceived stress was greater among the control group than in the mentee group. This study also found a weak to moderate correlational relationship between participation in a peer-mentoring program and perceived stress levels at the end of the semester. Mentees reported overall positive feedback regarding the program and the effect that the program had on their perceived stress levels.

Conclusion

Results from this study indicate that peer mentoring may be an effective way to ameliorate perceived stress among first-semester graduate students in speech-language pathology.
A Review of Microsystem Factors Related to Stress in Undergraduate Students Studying Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Roos Brianne H. , Schreck Janet S.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this review article is to review the existing literature about the factors that impact stress in undergraduate students studying communication sciences and disorders (CSD). Current undergraduate students are more stressed than their predecessors and the body of literature about stressed students is growing. However, CSD students' experience may differ from their non-CSD peers and there is a dearth of literature about stressed CSD students, in particular.

Method

This is a narrative review of the literature about the factors that impact stress in undergraduate students studying CSD. The review is structured using the ecological systems theoretical framework with an emphasis on the microsystems that encompass the most salient factors related to undergraduate students' stress. Factors such as family influence (e.g., parenting style, parent education), peer support, faculty relationships, minority status, technology, and individual health behaviors were explored in the literature using electronic databases.

Conclusions

This review of the literature suggests that a myriad of microsystem factors contribute to the stress of undergraduate CSD students. Although the review focuses on microsystem factors that are closest to students, it is important to situate the results in context. The mental health of college students was on the decline before COVID-19, and as the economic and public health of the nation and world shift, the urgency to attend to our students increases. This review contributes to the greater understanding of CSD students' experiences that will inform programmatic and individual support.
Throughput‐based energy and spectral efficiency tradeoff for massive MIMO systems
Authors: Du Weimin , Liu Zujun
Published: July 2021

In massive MIMO systems, energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) can be balanced by tuning the number of the transmit antennas and the transmit power. However, two key parameters i.e. the modulation order and the bit‐error‐rate (BER) are seldom considered in the conventional EE‐SE tradeoff for the massive MIMO systems. To address this problem, the throughput‐based EE (TEE) and SE (TSE) tradeoff for both the conventional massive MIMO and the full‐dimensional (FD) massive MIMO systems are investigated. Firstly, a TEE and TSE tradeoff problem is formulated and the transition property of the modulation order is analysed. The analysis reveals that due to the discrete property of the modulation order, the TEE‐TSE tradeoff curve is continuously non‐differentiable at the transition point of the modulation order. By utilising the transition property, a modified normal‐boundary‐intersection particle‐swarm‐optimisation (NBI‐PSO) algorithm is developed to solve the TEE‐TSE problem effectively. From the numerical results, it is found that the throughput‐based problem has a relatively smaller EE and SE on the Pareto front than the capacity‐based one and selecting an improper combination of the modulation order, the transmit power and the number of the antennas may cause the EE‐SE relation sub‐optimal from the point view of Pareto efficiency. Through the numerical results, the most energy efficient modulation order is obtained and it is not the commonly assumed low‐order modulation scheme.
Two‐stage DSVM‐based torque ripple minimisation technique for the predictive torque control of the induction motor
Authors: Amiri Mohamad , Khaburi Davood A. , Khosravi Mahyar , Siami Mohsen
Published: July 2021

In this study, a two‐stage technique is proposed for reducing torque ripple in the Predictive Torque Control (PTC) of the induction motor, based on the Discrete Space Vector Modulation (DSVM) strategy. In the first stage of this method, the voltage vectors are appropriately arranged through an offline procedure, such that the torque ripple value is decreased. On the other hand, the application time of the voltage vectors during the sampling period is calculated in the second stage, by conducting some online calculations, based on the adjacent vectors of the DSVM technique. This results in further torque ripple reduction. The proposed method can effectively reduce the torque ripple value at different operating points, especially at lower speeds. Finally, to validate the proposed method performance, the control algorithm has been experimentally implemented for an induction motor fed by 2L‐VSI; and it is compared with two‐vector PTC and deadbeat approaches.
Experimental study on the influence of H2O vapor and O2 for desulfurization and denitrification of the diesel exhaust in marine application by non‐thermal plasma
Authors: Cai Yunkai , Lv Lin , Lu Xinpei
Published: July 2021

To improve the pollutant removal efficiency by non‐thermal plasma (NTP), the effect of H2O vapor and O2 on removal efficiency of NO and SO2 as well as the reduction of CO was investigated in H2O/O2/SO2/NO/C3H6/CO2/N2 system. To analyse the reaction mechanism, the effects of H2O vapor and O2 on the emission intensity of and were investigated. The experimental results show that the increase of H2O vapour (0%–9.8%) promotes the generation of OH radicals, increases the removal efficiency of NO from 18.9% to 57.3%, decreases the energy per NO removed from 449.0 to 148.1 eV/NO, increases SO2 removal efficiency from 4.8% to 35.3%, decreases the energy per SO2 removed decreases from 2784.0 to 582.9 eV/SO2, and reduces the generation of CO from 460 to 229 ppm. In the range of 0%–15%, the increase of O2 content promotes the formation of O radicals, increases the removal efficiency of NO from 8.5% to 54.2%, and decreases the energy per NO removed from 994.3 to 156.4 eV/NO. In the range of 0%–5%, increasing O2 content promotes SO2 removal efficiency from 8.7% to 24.8%, and decreases the energy per SO2 removed from 2485.7 to 876.6 eV/SO2. However, CO generation increases from 200 to 350 ppm with the increase of O2 in 0%–5% due to the incomplete oxidation of C3H6. In the range of 5%–15%, the increase of O2 produces more O radicals, decreases the removal efficiency of SO2 from 24.8% to 23.5% and the generates of CO from 350 to 311 ppm. This study is helpful for improving the efficiency of NTP for desulfurization and denitrification, while reducing the by‐product CO.
The integrated cutting and packing heterogeneous precast beams multiperiod production planning problem
Authors: de Araújo Kennedy Anderson Gumarães , de Oliveira e Bonates Tibérius , de Athayde Prata Bruno
Published: July 2021

We introduce a novel variant of cutting production planning problems named Integrated Cutting and Packing Heterogeneous Precast Beams Multiperiod Production Planning (ICP-HPBMPP). We propose an integer linear programming model for the ICP-HPBMPP, as well as a lower bound for its optimal objective function value, which is empirically shown to be closer to the optimal solution value than the bound obtained from the linear relaxation of the model. We also propose a genetic algorithm approach for the ICP-HPBMPP as an alternative solution method. We discuss computational experiments and propose a parameterization for the genetic algorithm using D-optimal experimental design. We observe good performance of the exact approach when solving small-sized instances, although there are difficulties in finding optimal solutions for medium and large-sized problems, or even in finding feasible solutions for large instances. On the other hand, the genetic algorithm is shown to typically find good-quality solutions for large-sized instances within short computing times.
Der Star unter den Studien: Die randomisierte kontrollierte Studie (RCT)
Authors: Jan Mehrholz , Katharina Kerlen-Petri
Published: July 2021

Mit dem Vorzeige-Studiendesign der medizinischen Experimentalforschung erhält man bei einer eindeutigen Frage eine eindeutige Aussage. Zum Beispiel, ob eine Therapie in einer bestimmten Situation wirkt oder nicht. Lesen Sie hier, was sich hinter RCTs verbirgt.
Morbus Parkinson und Neuropsychologie
Authors: Wallesch Claus-W.
Published: July 2021

Liepelt-Scarfone et al. 1 legen einen
sorgfältig erarbeiteten, informativen und (hoffentlich) handlungsleitenden
Artikel zur neuropsychologischen Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf leichte kognitive
Störungen bei M.Parkinson und Parkinson-Demenz vor. Besonders beeindruckt
hat mich Tabelle 3, in der Effektstärken für die Unterscheidung von
Parkinson-Patienten und „neurodegenerativ gesunden Personen“
für eine Vielzahl von neuropsychologischen Tests angegeben werden. Cohens d
beschreibt für Werte zwischen 0,5 bis 0,8 einen mittleren, ab 0,8 einen
starken Effekt. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass auch Parkinson-Patienten, die nicht
die Kriterien der leichten kognitiven Störung oder der Demenz
erfüllen, neuropsychologische Auffälligkeiten aufweisen.
Beziehungs- und Bindungsentwicklung in traumatisierten Flüchtlingsfamilien
Authors: Rumpel Sandra , von Ditfurth Anna , Stulz Antonia
Published: July 2021

Expertinnen-Interview | Die Geburt eines Kindes ist ein wichtiger Einschnitt im Leben von Müttern und Vätern. Traumatische Erfahrungen, zum Beispiel durch eine Flucht, können den Bindungsaufbau sowie die Beziehung zwischen Müttern und ihren Kindern beeinträchtigen. Mit ihrem Projekt „aacho“ helfen die Therapeutinnen Sandra Rumpel, Anna von Ditfurth und Antonia Stulz belasteten Müttern, die Beziehung zu ihren Kindern zu regulieren. In DIE HEBAMME sprechen die Kolleginnen darüber.
Role of FXR in Bile Acid and Metabolic Homeostasis in NASH: Pathogenetic Concepts and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Radun Richard , Trauner Michael
Published: July 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent cause of liver disease, increasingly contributing to the burden of liver transplantation. In search for effective treatments, novel strategies addressing metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, and fibrosis are continuously emerging. Disturbed bile acid (BA) homeostasis and microcholestasis via hepatocellular retention of potentially toxic BAs may be an underappreciated factor in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as its progressive variant. In addition to their detergent properties, BAs act as signaling molecules regulating cellular homeostasis through interaction with BA receptors such as the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Apart from being a key regulator of BA metabolism and enterohepatic circulation, FXR regulates metabolic homeostasis and has immune-modulatory effects, making it an attractive therapeutic target in NAFLD/NASH. In this review, the molecular basis and therapeutic potential of targeting FXR with a specific focus on restoring BA and metabolic homeostasis in NASH is summarized.
Clinicians as advocates amid refugee resettlement agency closures
Authors: Siddiq Hafifa , Rosenberg Julia
Published: July 2021

As ongoing war and violence forcibly displace people worldwide, resettlement remains a critical response to the unprecedented global refugee crisis. In recent years, however, the USA (US) has diminished admissions, forcing agencies to shutter offices and resettlement programs across the nation—posing a silent threat to the refugee resettlement system. We provide historical context of refugee resettlement, discuss challenges, and offer recommendations for healthcare providers to become more effective advocates for refugee health in the USA. The need is urgent for healthcare providers and institutions—particularly in regions of high resettlement—to advocate for expanding and assuring sustainable capacity to care for refugees. Key elements include promotion of trauma-informed care, integration of social services in primary care settings, partnership with community-based organizations to promote continuation of care, advocacy for resources and services, and opposition to policies detrimental to the health of refugees and immigrants.
Time-resolved ion energy measurements using a retarding potential analyzer
Authors: Baird Matthew , McGee-Sinclair Ron , Lemmer Kristina , Huang Wensheng
Published: July 2021

A retarding potential energy analyzer was used to obtain temporally resolved ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) of a flowing laboratory plasma. The plasma of time varying ion energy was generated at 1 and 20 kHz using a commercial gridded ion source and modulated using a wideband power amplifier. Three plasma energy modulation setpoints were tested, and their IEDFs were reconstructed. This method leverages high-speed, low-noise instrumentation to obtain fast collector current measurements at discrete retarding bias levels, recombining them in the time domain using two data fusion techniques. The first method is an empirical transfer function, which determines the linear ratio of complex coefficients in Fourier space. The second method, shadow manifold interpolation, reconstructs the IEDFs point-by-point by comparing input and output datasets in a multi-dimensional phase space. Reconstructed IEDFs from the two methods are presented and compared. The two analysis methods show very good agreement.
Systematic study and uncertainty evaluation of P, T-odd molecular enhancement factors in BaF
Authors: Haase Pi A. B. , Doeglas Diewertje J. , Boeschoten Alexander , Eliav Ephraim , Iliaš Miroslav , Aggarwal Parul , Bethlem H. L. , Borschevsky Anastasia , Esajas Kevin , Hao Yongliang , Hoekstra Steven , Marshall Virginia R. , Meijknecht Thomas B. , Mooij Maarten C. , Steinebach Kees , Timmermans Rob G. E. , Touwen Anno P. , Ubachs Wim , Willmann Lorenz , Yin Yanning ,   (NL-eEDM Collaboration)
Published: July 2021

A measurement of the magnitude of the electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM) larger than that predicted by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is expected to have a huge impact on the search for physics beyond the SM. Polar diatomic molecules containing heavy elements experience enhanced sensitivity to parity (P) and time-reversal (T)-violating phenomena, such as the eEDM and the scalar–pseudoscalar (S–PS) interaction between the nucleons and the electrons, and are thus promising candidates for measurements. The NL-eEDM collaboration is preparing an experiment to measure the eEDM and S–PS interaction in a slow beam of cold BaF molecules [P. Aggarwal et al., Eur. Phys. J. D 72, 197 (2018)]. Accurate knowledge of the electronic structure parameters, Wd and Ws, connecting the eEDM and the S–PS interaction to the measurable energy shifts is crucial for the interpretation of these measurements. In this work, we use the finite field relativistic coupled cluster approach to calculate the Wd and Ws parameters in the ground state of the BaF molecule. Special attention was paid to providing a reliable theoretical uncertainty estimate based on investigations of the basis set, electron correlation, relativistic effects, and geometry. Our recommended values of the two parameters, including conservative uncertainty estimates, are 3.13 ±0.12×1024Hzecm for Wd and 8.29 ± 0.12 kHz for Ws.
Fractional Laplacian spectral approach to turbulence in a dusty plasma monolayer
Authors: Kostadinova E. G. , Banka R. , Padgett J. L. , Liaw C. D. , Matthews L. S. , Hyde T. W.
Published: July 2021

This work presents an analytical investigation of anomalous diffusion and turbulence in a dusty plasma monolayer, where energy transport across scales leads to the spontaneous formation of spatially disordered patterns. Many-body simulations of 10 000-particle dusty plasma monolayers are used to demonstrate how the global dynamics depend on the statistical properties of the dust assembly for realistic laboratory conditions. We find that disorder due to variations in the dust size distribution and charge-driven nonlocal interactions resulting in anomalous dust diffusion are key factors for the onset of instabilities. The resulting dynamics exhibit features of inertial turbulence over slightly more than half a decade of scales proportional or smaller than the Debye shielding length. These processes are examined analytically using a recently developed Fractional Laplacian Spectral technique, which identifies the active energy channels as a function of scale, disorder concentration, and features of the nonlocal interactions. The predictions from the theoretical (spectral) analysis demonstrate agreement with the results from the many-body (kinetic) simulations, thus providing a powerful tool for the study of active turbulence.
Instability of residual stress of crystalline and glass oxide thin films prepared by sol-gel method
Authors: Nishimura Yuki , Kozuka Hiromitsu
Published: July 2021

Previously, we demonstrated that sol-gel-derived glass and ceramic thin films show a decrease in in-plane residual tensile stress during storing in humid atmosphere at room temperature. To clarify the mechanism, we prepared SiO2 glass films on Si(100) wafers via spin-coating followed by firing and obtained in-plane stress by measuring the substrate curvature. The SiO2 film fired at 600 °C showed a decrease in tensile stress during storing but showed recovery when heated afterward at 300 °C. We detected an increase in the infrared O–H absorption peak area as well as in the film thickness during storing, the latter of which was detected by in situ ellipsometry for the SiO2 film fired at 600 °C. On the other hand, when fired at 880 and 885 °C, the SiO2 films gained “compressive” residual stress, which slightly increased with time during storing. Based on these observations the decrease in tensile stress during storing has been confirmed to be caused basically by the film expansion induced by water adsorption. The SiO2 film fired at 600 °C showed recovery in stress on heating at 300 °C, which was incomplete in contrast to the CeO2 film that showed complete recovery as reported previously. Such recovery in stress was accompanied by decrease and turning back of the O–H absorption peak are to original values, the latter of which was incomplete in the SiO2 film but complete in the CeO2 film. These results on stress recovery and IR absorption suggest that besides water “adsorption,” water “absorption” cannot be ruled out for the SiO2 film as the partial cause of the decrease in “tensile” stress during storing.
The deterministic field-free magnetization switching of perpendicular ferrimagnetic Tb-Co alloy film induced by interfacial spin current
Authors: Guo Yonghai , Wu Yunzhuo , Cao Yang , Zeng Xiaoxue , Wang Bo , Yang Dezheng , Fan Xiaolong , Cao Jiangwei
Published: July 2021

Current-induced magnetization switching in compensated ferrimagnetic materials by the spin–orbit torque (SOT) effect is promising for the next generation information storage devices. In this work, we report the current-induced deterministic field-free magnetization switching of the perpendicular Tb-Co ferrimagnet layer in a Co/Ti/Tb-Co trilayers. We found that the switching proportion and polarity of the Tb-Co ferrimagnet depend on the magnetization direction of the in-plane Co layer. The switching process revealed by magneto-optical Kerr microscope imaging further confirmed the current-induced field-free switching of the Tb-Co layer. We also demonstrated the large SOT effective field and the perpendicular effective field acting on the Tb-Co layer, by utilizing the second harmonic voltage measurement and the current-induced loop shift method. The large interfacial SOT efficiency and deterministic field-free magnetization switching in the trilayers structure may accelerate the application of ferrimagnet in SOT memory devices.
Photoactive electrically switchable van der Waals semiconductor NbOI2
Authors: Chen Zhizhong , Hu Yang , Zhang Lifu , Jiang Jie , Hawks Ryan , Shi Jian
Published: July 2021

Room temperature van der Waals ferroelectric materials whose ferroelectricity may survive down to atomic layer limit are highly desirable for device miniaturization. In this article, we present the optically active reconfigurable room temperature rectification in a recently predicted ferroelectric van der Waals material NbOI2. NbOI2 devices with a thin (∼17-unit cells) single crystalline channel and inert graphite electrodes were assembled into two-terminal devices which showed >100 × photoresponse to 405 nm laser. By DC poling on a 1-μm-channel NbOI2 device, the photocurrent changed from symmetric to single-Schottky-diode type. The polarity of such rectification can be switched back and forth by DC poling along opposite directions. Such reconfigurability evidences the existence of in-plane room temperature ferroelectricity in thin NbOI2 and its potential in nonvolatile optoneuromorphic computing and nonvolatile technologies.
Research on the leakage current at sidewall of mesa Ge/Si avalanche photodiode
Authors: Zhang Junqin , Lin Hongmei , Liu Meng , Yang Yintang
Published: July 2021

The effects of surface defects at the sidewall of absorption and multiplication layers on the sidewall leakage current in separate-absorption-charge-multiplication Ge/Si avalanche photodiodes with a mesa structure are investigated. It is found that high-density surface defects and a strong electric field at the sidewall are the reasons for the large sidewall leakage current. In addition, the influence of the width of the guard ring on the sidewall leakage current is also studied. It is found that increasing the width of the guard ring is beneficial to the reduction of the sidewall leakage current by reducing the sidewall electric field and the reduction is not significant when the guard-ring width is greater than 2 µm.
On ground states of the Bogoliubov energy functional: A direct proof
Authors: Oldenburg Jakob
Published: July 2021

The Bogoliubov energy functional proposed recently by Napiórkowski, Reuvers, and Solovej [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 229, 1037–1090 (2018)] is revisited. We offer a direct proof of the existence of minimizers at zero temperature, which covers a significantly larger class of interaction potentials. The ideas used in this proof also imply that in any ground state, more than half of the particles are inside the Bose–Einstein condensate.
Upper bounds on transport exponents for long-range operators
Authors: Jitomirskaya Svetlana , Liu Wencai
Published: July 2021

We present a simple method, not based on the transfer matrices, to prove vanishing of dynamical transport exponents. The method is applied to long-range quasiperiodic operators.
Fully implicit spectral boundary integral computation of red blood cell flow
Authors: Chao Pei-Chuan , Gürbüz Ali , Sachs Frederick , Sivaselvan M. V.
Published: July 2021

This paper is on an implicit time integration scheme for simulation of red blood cell (RBC) flow in an ambient fluid. The intra- and extracellular plasmas are modeled as Stokes flows and represented by boundary integral equations (BIE) written in a weakly singular form. The cell membrane is modeled as a thin elastic shell. Expressed in this way, the RBC flow model constitutes an implicit ordinary differential equation (IODE) in the cell shape. The cell shape and velocity field are discretized spatially by a spectral approach using spherical harmonic basis functions. It is then convenient to express the BIE in the Galerkin form with the spherical harmonics themselves as test functions. The key aspect in this paper is the recognition of the IODE structure of the RBC flow model and consequent application of a multi-step implicit solver for time integration. As with any implicit solver, a nonlinear equation in the cell shape is solved at each time step, for which Newton's method is applied. This requires the Jacobian of the IODE, or equivalently computation of Jacobian-vector products. An important contribution is the formulation of such Jacobian-vector products as evaluating a second BIE. The original weakly singular form is crucial in facilitating this formulation. The implicit solver employs variable order and adaptive time stepping controlled by truncation error and convergence of Newton iterations. Numerical examples show that larger time steps are possible and that the number of matrix-vector products is comparable to explicit methods. Source code is provided in the online supplementary material.
Effects of gradual flexibility and trailing edge shape on propulsive performance of pitching fins
Authors: Yao L. , Hefler C. , Shyy W. , Qiu H. H.
Published: July 2021

This paper addresses hydrodynamic performance of fins regarding their trailing edge convexity–concavity and flexibility distribution. The effects of trailing edge convexity–concavity on propulsive performance and vortex dynamics were investigated experimentally utilizing time-resolved particle image velocimetry and force sensors. It was found that the convex trailing edge shape always outperforms the concave shape. Wake contracting by the bent shape of the trailing edge vortex of a convex trapezoidal form resulted in higher thrust and efficiency. The results also showed that the rounded edges of fish fins did not provide additional hydrodynamic advantages. Furthermore, we found that a gradually flexible fin delivered better propulsive performance over a uniformly flexible fin. The hydrodynamic performance of the flexible fins depended on the strength and relative positions of the trailing edge vortexes shed by each fin, which were affected by the flexible deformations of the fins. In the lower Reynolds number operation (approaching, but below the first resonant mode), the fins with larger camber produced a stronger momentum footprint especially considering the far wake elements, while in the higher Reynolds number range due to resonant deformation the extent of trailing edge excursion became dominant in affecting the propulsive performance. The results showed that gradually flexible fins can improve the performance of future watercraft.
Electrical and optical properties of (Ta2O5)1−x–(TiO2)x films, x = 0.035, prepared by sputtering of ceramic and mosaic (Ta, Ti) metal targets
Authors: Thapliyal Prashant , Panwar N. S. , Mohan Rao G.
Published: July 2021

(Ta2O5)1−x–(TiO2)x, with x = 0.035, thin films were deposited onto p-type silicon and quartz substrates following two different routes: first, by the sputtering of the ceramic target and, second, by sputtering of mosaic (Ta, Ti) metal target in the presence of oxygen (hereafter referred to as CT and MT, respectively). The deposited films were found to crystallize on annealing at and above 700 °C. The dielectric constant of the prepared films was found to increase with increasing annealing temperature, up to 700 °C, and on annealing at 800 °C, it was found to decrease. The dielectric constant of the CT was observed to be higher than that of the MT film structures at each annealing temperature. From the transmittance measurements, different optical parameters of the deposited crystalline films were calculated. The leakage current density of the CT films was found to increase with the annealing temperature, whereas in the MT films, it drastically decreased by an order of ∼3 when the annealing temperature was increased from 700 to 800 °C. Different conduction mechanisms were observed in the different applied field regions in the prepared film structure. The observed electrical properties of the prepared film structure seem to depend on the status of the growing interfacial oxide layer on annealing.
Enhanced electrical transport through wrinkles in turbostratic graphene films
Authors: Moun Monika , Vasdev Aastha , Pujar Rajashekhar , Priya Madhuri K. , Mogera U. , John Neena S. , Kulkarni G. U. , Sheet Goutam
Published: July 2021

Formation of wrinkles is a common phenomenon in the large area growth of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials on metallic substrates. Wrinkles can significantly affect the working of 2D materials based large scale electronic devices, and therefore, it is of utmost importance to investigate local electrical properties of such wrinkled/folded structures on 2D materials. Here, we report local conductivity measurements by conducting atomic force microscopy and surface potential mapping by Kelvin probe force microscopy on large area wrinkled turbostratic graphene films grown on nickel foils. We show that the electrical transport current is several orders of magnitude higher on the wrinkles than that on the flat regions of the graphene films. Therefore, our results suggest that controlled engineering of such wrinkles on graphene may facilitate development of superior graphene-based nano-electronic devices, where transport of high current through narrow channels is desired.
Effect of the liquid–gas interface curvature for a superhydrophobic surface with longitudinal grooves in turbulent flows
Authors: Yao Jie , Teo C. J.
Published: July 2021

A superhydrophobic (SH) surface has shown great potential in reducing flow resistance and saving energy in hydrodynamic applications. In this paper, we have tried to investigate the effects of liquid–gas interface curvature of a SH wall in turbulent flows with the wall-resolved large eddy simulation (LES). The LES is first validated against direct numerical simulation results before the curvature shape is parameterized and examined at various Reynolds numbers (Reτ = 180, 395, and 590). The parametric study shows that a positive curvature angle leads to a higher flow rate, while the effect of a negative curvature angle on the flow resistance is minimal. In addition, the effect of the interface curvature on the flow rate is weakly dependent on the Reynolds number. Analysis shows that larger flow rate can be obtained by reducing the spanwise momentum exchange. A positively curved interface bows into the liquid and shifts the transverse flow circulation (in the cross-sectional plane) away from the solid wall, which helps to reduce spanwise momentum exchange and thus the flow resistance significantly. In contrast, a negatively curved interface does not change the location of the transverse circulation but deforms its shape, which hardly affects the spanwise momentum exchange or the flow rate. The near-wall streak patterns above the SH wall distribute with roughly the same spacing of the surface texture. In addition, the absolute distance plays a more important role than the viscous distance in the variation of the streaks with the distance from the SH wall.
Vortex-induced vibration response of a cactus-inspired cylinder near a stationary wall
Authors: Wang Wei , Mao Zhaoyong , Song Baowei , Zhang Tingying
Published: July 2021

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) responses of a cactus-inspired cylinder near a stationary wall are numerically studied, and the effects of the height ratios (Ks/D, Ks is the height) of the cactus-inspired structure and the stationary wall on VIV response are discussed in detail. The VIV response region is usually divided into four sub-regions, namely, the initial branch (region I), the upper branch (region II), the lower branch (region III), and the desynchronization branch (region IV). The Reynolds number at which the maximum vibration amplitude occurs for the cylinder near the stationary wall is lower than that of a free-standing cylinder. The Reynolds number at which the maximum amplitude occurs decreases with an increase in the height ratio of the structure. Due to effects of the stationary wall, the critical reduced velocity at which the vortex phase jump occurs decreases. With an increase in the height ratio of the structure, the critical reduced velocity at which the vortex phase jump occurs gradually decreases. Vortex shedding is seen from the stationary wall, and the vortex moves clockwise. This vortex can weaken vortex shedding from the cylinder. Due to the large-amplitude motion, the vortex shedding from the cylinder is coupled with the stationary wall, which promotes the separation of the wall boundary layer. With an increase in the height ratio of the structure, the absolute value of vortex intensity gradually decreases, and the distance between the vortex-shedding position and the cylinder gradually increases. Therefore, the cactus-inspired structure not only changes the form of the wake vortex, but also changes the strength of the wake vortex.
Electromagnetic extension of the Dory–Guest–Harris instability as a benchmark for Vlasov–Maxwell continuum kinetic simulations of magnetized plasmas
Authors: Datta I. A. M. , Crews D. W. , Shumlak U.
Published: July 2021

A closed-form integral representation of the electromagnetic dispersion relation for plasma waves propagating perpendicular to a magnetic field is derived. Growth rates and oscillation frequencies are calculated for several cases of the Dory–Guest–Harris instability and compared with those calculated from the usual electrostatic version of the dispersion relation. The comparisons show that the electromagnetic treatment more accurately identifies unstable configurations in plasmas with high beta, where the electrostatic dispersion relation predicts stability. Continuum kinetic simulations using the Washington approximate Riemann plasma framework confirm the theoretical calculations. The electromagnetic extension of the Dory–Guest–Harris instability provides a new benchmark problem for testing continuum kinetic simulations using the Vlasov–Maxwell plasma model, including for other numerical treatments such as particle-in-cell methods.