bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation-Induced Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis in a Patient with Atretic Internal Mammary Arteries
Authors: Dogra Siddhant , Mahajan Asha M. , Jung Albert , Attubato Michael , Saric Muhamed , Shah Alan
Published: March 2020

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a known potential complication of thoracic radiation treatment that typically affects the proximal segments of the coronary arteries, requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We present a case of acute coronary syndrome occurring in a 57-year-old man with prior thoracic radiation therapy following resection of a chest wall chondrosarcoma. Coronary angiogram demonstrated significant areas of stenosis in the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and ostial left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The patient was also found to have atretic bilateral internal mammary arteries as a consequence of his radiation therapy, rendering them unsuitable as grafts. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was thus performed with a successful outcome. To our knowledge, this is the first case of radiation-induced CAD of the LMCA with atretic internal mammary arteries treated successfully with PCI.
Using Reproducing Kernel for Solving a Class of Fractional Order Integral Differential Equations
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Wang Meichun , Wang Yulan , Pang Jing
Published: March 2020

This paper is devoted to the numerical scheme for a class of fractional order integrodifferential equations by reproducing kernel interpolation collocation method with reproducing kernel function in the form of Jacobi polynomials. Reproducing kernel function in the form of Jacobi polynomials is established for the first time. It is implemented as a reproducing kernel method. The numerical solutions obtained by taking the different values of parameter are compared; Schmidt orthogonalization process is avoided. It is proved that this method is feasible and accurate through some numerical examples.
Knowledge regarding Zika Virus Infection among Healthcare Providers in an Academic Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Alessa Mohammed , Alzahrani Mohammed , Alshehri Abdulmajeed , Aljrboa Amjad , Bustami Rami , Almangour Abdullah , Alsalem Abdulaziz , Gramish Jawaher , Khobrani Moteb , Almangour Thamer A.
Published: March 2020

Background. Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a major concern across the world. It is highly necessary for healthcare providers (HCPs) to have sufficient knowledge about such a disease. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge regarding ZIKV among HCPs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Riyadh, KSA, during a two-month period from September 19, 2016 to November 19, 2016. Descriptive statistics were performed on data collected. For continuous variables, data were expressed as means ± standard deviations (SDs), medians, and ranges. Proportions were used to describe categorical variables. Knowledge scores were evaluated and compared by demographic characteristics including age, designation, years of practice, and gender, using the t-test/Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test, as appropriate. Results. A total of 336 HCPs from different specialties (physicians, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, and nutritionists) completed the questionnaire. Significant differences in knowledge about ZIKV were observed by participant’s age. Significantly higher knowledge levels were observed among older participants (45 years or more; p=0.011). A substantial difference in the knowledge level was observed by department, with pairwise comparisons showing significant differences in knowledge scores between all departments except for Pharmacy vs. Nutrition and Nursing vs. Internal Medicine. Knowledge scores were not significantly different by years of practice. Conclusion. Our study showed inadequate knowledge of HCPs from different specialties about ZIKV infection which needs to be improved in terms of infection prevention and control. Awareness about ZIKV infection should be ensured and maintained among HCPs to face any possible emergence in the region.
The Challenges of Managing Ovarian Cancer in the Developing World
Authors: Mulisya Olivier , Sikakulya Franck K. , Mastaki Mbusa , Gertrude Tambavira , Jeff Mathe
Published: March 2020

Ovarian cancer has high morbidity and mortality rates among cancers of the reproductive system. The disease typically presents at late stage when the 5-year relative survival rate is only 29%. Similarly, access to prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and palliative care for cancer-related disease is insufficient. The availability of cancer treatments in Africa is especially poor. Case. A 17-year-old lady, nulliparous, was admitted with complaint of abdominal swelling and loss of weight and a huge left ovarian cyst revealed by ultrasound scan. Laparotomy was done, and a mass which resembled a hemorrhagic solid tumor was found. Grossly, the left ovarian mass measured 15.0×20.0×8.0 cm and a left salpingectomy was performed. Two months later, she came back with lower limb swelling progressively increased in a week with vulvar edema, with a palpable mass. She was discharged on request by her relatives for traditional medicine. One year later, she passed on in an unrevealed picture. The management of ovarian cancer is too challenging in low-resource countries, from hospital settings to the communities with poor cancer awareness. It is therefore imperative that healthcare resources, policies, and planning focus to be coordinated in a rational way.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Cross-Linked Co-poly(itaconic anhydride-methyl methacrylate): The Effects of the Molar Ratio and Cross-Linking Agent on the Thermal Stability
Authors: Aldalbahi Ali , Rahaman Mostafizur , El-Faham Ayman
Published: March 2020

In the present work, a new series of cross-linked copolymers based on itaconic anhydride and methyl methacrylate were prepared employing free radical copolymerization in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator and 2-butanone as a solvent under microwave irradiation. The copolymers containing itaconic anhydride (ITA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were chosen due to the formation of long-term stable anhydride moieties, which might be useful to attach enzymes covalently with numerous applications in water treatment. The copolymerization process was carried out in the presence of two types of cross-linking agent, namely, ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in a range of 0-20% (w/w) to explore their effect on the thermal and stiffness properties of the obtained cross-linked copolymers. Increasing the ratio of the cross-linking agent, the copolymers prefer to precipitate rather than form a gel during the polymerization process. While using ethylene dimethacrylate as a cross-linking agent, the copolymers change from porous to stiffness structures depending on the molar ratio of the monomers used during the polymerization. On the other hand, using divinylbenzene as a cross-linking agent, the stiffness structure was obtained in all cases and there is no effect observed for the monomer’s ratio or the percentage of cross-linking agent on the morphology of the prepared copolymers.
Vitiligo: A Review
Authors: Bergqvist Christina , Ezzedine Khaled
Published: March 2020

Vitiligo, a common depigmenting skin disorder, has an estimated prevalence of 0.5–2% of the population worldwide. The disease is characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes which results in typical nonscaly, chalky-white macules. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vitiligo which is now clearly classified as an autoimmune disease. Vitiligo is often dismissed as a cosmetic problem, although its effects can be psychologically devastating, often with a considerable burden on daily life. In 2011, an international consensus classified segmental vitiligo separately from all other forms of vitiligo, and the term vitiligo was defined to designate all forms of nonsegmental vitiligo. This review summarizes the current knowledge on vitiligo and attempts to give an overview of the future in vitiligo treatment.
Clinicopathological Significance and Renal Outcomes of Light Microscopic Patterns in Complement Component 3 Glomerulopathy
Authors: Wani Asif Sadiq , Zahir Zafirah , Gupta Amit , Agrawal Vinita
Published: March 2020

Background: Complement component 3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a disease diagnosed based on the predominance of C3 immunostaining in glomeruli. The popular electron microscopic subtyping of C3G into dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis (GN) is not without limitations. We aimed to study the light microscopic (LM) patterns of C3G along with their clinicopathological correlation and treatment outcome. Methods: C3G biopsies were classified into 4 LM patterns (membranoproliferative GN [MPGN], mesangial proliferative GN [MesPGN], diffuse proliferative GN [DPGN], and crescentic GN [CrGN]). These patterns were compared for clinicopathological profile, treatment outcome, and renal survival. Further, predictors of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were determined using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of 162 biopsies, there were 83 MPGN, 36 DPGN, 22 MesPGN, and 21 CrGN. Majority of the patients were young, with males being more than females. About half (48%) of the patients received immunosuppression, steroids alone (29%) or steroids with other immunosuppressants (19%). The overall remission rate was 32.7% (median follow-up = 14 months). CKD developed in 46 patients and 31 patients progressed to ESRD. Predictors of progression to ESRD were older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.04, p < 0.01), advanced renal failure at presentation (HR = 3.73, p < 0.01), glomerulosclerosis (HR = 5.07, p < 0.01), and severity of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (HR = 8.25, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The LM patterns differed in their clinicopathological profiles, without any significant difference in their renal outcomes. Glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis portend a poor prognosis. Besides CrGN, MesPGN pattern of C3G presented as a severe form of disease.
Clinical Influence of Nonadherence With Prophylactic Aspirin in Preventing Preeclampsia in High-Risk Pregnancies
Authors: Shanmugalingam Renuka , Wang XiaoSuo , Motum Penelope , Fulcher Ian , Lee Gaksoo , Kumar Roshika , Hennessy Annemarie , Makris Angela
Published: March 2020

Aspirin nonadherence and its associated increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events is well described; however, the prevalence of aspirin nonadherence among high-risk pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia and its influence on clinical outcomes remains unclear. Our study examined the prevalence of aspirin nonadherence and resistance among high-risk pregnant women quantitatively (platelet function analyzer 100 and plasma salicylic acid) and clinical outcomes relative to adherence. High-risk pregnant women were recruited across 3 centers in the South West Sydney Local Health District. Simultaneous clinic data, blood sample, and self-reported adherence assessment were prospectively collected at 4-week intervals from 12 to 36 weeks of gestation. Nonadherence was defined as normal platelet function analyzer 100 and nondetectable plasma salicylic acid in <90% of time points. Value of <90% is based on current data. Two hundred twenty women were recruited over 25 months. No woman was aspirin resistant, and 63 (44%) women demonstrated inadequate adherence. Women with inadequate adherence had higher incidence of early-onset preeclampsia (17% versus 2%; odds ratio [OR], 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1–8.7];
P
=0.04), late-onset preeclampsia (41% versus 5%; OR, 4.2 [95% CI, 1.4–19.8];
P
=0.04), intrauterine growth restriction (29% versus 5%; OR, 5.8; [95% CI, 1.2–8.3];
P
=0.001), preterm delivery (27% versus 10%; OR, 5.2 [95% CI, 1.5–8.7];
P
=0.008), and higher likelihood of increase in antihypertensives antenatally (60% versus 10%; OR, 4.6 [95% CI, 1.2–10.5];
P
=0.003). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated lower incidence of premature delivery in the ≥90% adherent group (HR, 0.3 [95% CI, 0.2–0.5];
P
<0.001).Kappa coefficient agreement between qualitative and quantitative assessment of adherence was moderate (κ=0.48; SE=0.029;
P
<0.0001). Our data demonstrates that aspirin is an effective prophylactic agent with an absolute risk reduction of 51% (number needed to treat, 2) when adherence is ≥90%, compared with women with inadequate adherence. Women who were <90% adherent had higher rates of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and increase in antenatal antihypertensive requirements. Self-reported adherence does not accurately reflect actual adherence.
Subsequent Agreement and Subsequent Practice
Authors: Fitzmaurice Malgosia
Published: March 2020

This article is devoted to the analysis of the 13 Draft Conclusions on Subsequent Agreement and Subsequent Practice in relation to the Interpretation of Treaties (with commentaries) (the ‘Draft Conclusions’) adopted in 2018 by the International Law Commission (the ‘ILC’), as well as presenting some reactions to the Draft Conclusions. It provides some reflections on the monumental contribution that the ICL and the Special Rapporteur’s have made on this project, and the importance of this achievement for practitioners.
The Japan-South Korea Claims Agreement: Identification of Subsequent Agreement and Practice
Authors: Tamada Dai
Published: March 2020

Japan and the Republic of Korea have been confronted with a series of disputes arising from the interpretation and application of the 1965 Claims Settlement Agreement – a pivotal treaty underpinning their post-war relationship. Their disputes have become further compounded by complex treaty practices on the part of both parties ever since. Two States, including their respective executive and judicial branches, have not only adopted diverging interpretations, but have also slightly modified their own interpretations over the ensuing years. Even at the domestic level, several organs adopt diverging interpretations. Against the backdrop of such a confusing situation, a number of discussions, including those on the part of scholars and the judiciary, tend to rely on a variety of subsequent conducts in relation to the 1965 Agreement. Faced with the need to explore the role of subsequent conduct on the part of States parties in relation to treaty interpretation, this article attempts to identify whatever may be pertinent subsequent agreement and subsequent practice on the part of Japan and Korea concerning the 1965 Claims Agreement within the meaning of Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and in the light of the ILC’s 2018 draft conclusions on subsequent agreement and practice. Conversely, the 1965 Claims Agreement is expected to function as a litmus test as to whether the ILC’s draft conclusions can provide any meaningful guidance as to how to approach such a complex situation.
Rediscovery of the holotype of Horvathinia lenti De Carlo, 1958, new junior synonym of H. pelocoroides Montadon, 1911 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Belostomatidae)
Authors: RODRIGUES CLAUDIA L. , BRAGA RAFAEL B. , MOREIRA FELIPE F. F.
Published: March 2020

Horvathinia pelocoroides Montandon, 1911 was described as a new genus and species based on two specimens collected in Brazil, one from Minas Gerais deposited in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Stockholm) and the other from Rio Grande do Sul deposited in the Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum (Budapest) (Montandon 1911). Subsequently, nine additional species were described based on a single specimen each, collected at different localities in southern South America: H. doellojuradoi De Carlo, 1930; H. pelleranoi De Carlo, 1930; H. castilloi De Carlo, 1938; H. meyeri De Carlo, 1938; H. bollei De Carlo, 1958; H. lenti De Carlo, 1958; H. schubarti De Carlo, 1958; H. forsteri Lauck, 1958; and H. argemii Schnack, 1972 (Schnack & Estévez 2005).
Carbon Emissions Embodied in India–United Kingdom Trade: A Case Study on North–South Debate
Authors: Banerjee Suvajit
Published: March 2020

This study is an appraisal of North–South trade and environmental debate on the context of ‘carbon leakage hypothesis’. This article attempts to quantify the CO2 emissions embodied in the bilateral trade between India and the United Kingdom (hereafter mentioned as the UK) using an input–output model-based analysis for the year 2015. It further proposes a hypothetical situation of no trade between India and UK in order to calculate and analyse the contribution of this bilateral trade in global CO2 emissions. The results from this study confirm the possibility of ‘carbon leakage’ from Indian commodity production sectors and find that among two trade partners, the UK is able to avoid more carbon emissions than India through trade which helps the UK to reach their carbon emission mitigation targets. On the average, manufacturing of commodities in India those are to be exported to the UK generates 1.053 kilo-tonnes of CO2 emission per million dollars of export annually and manufacturing of commodities in the UK which are imported to India generates only 0.141 kilo-tonnes of CO2 emission per million dollars of import from the UK annually for the years 2011, 2013 and 2015. This is because of the proportionately higher consumption of more emission-intensive energy items, like coal, and coal products by India in industrial production than the UK. At the end of the article, this study proposes a few suggestions to ensure a decent level of emission imbalance in the trade flows for the anticipation of increasing India–UK bilateral trade in coming days due to post-BREXIT eventualities to reduce the pressure on the global environment.

JEL Codes: C67, F64, Q37, Q42
The case for creative, visual and multimodal methods in operationalising concepts in research design: An examination of storyboarding trust stories
Authors: Ayrton Rachel
Published: March 2020

Creative, visual and multimodal research methods are commonly employed by sociologists in the ‘outward-facing’ activities of data collection, presentation and dissemination of research findings; however, they are rarely applied to the ‘inward-facing’ research practices of conceptualisation and research design. Responding to Pierre Bourdieu’s calls for methodological pluralism in sociology and for the construction of the object to be rigorously undertaken in every moment of research, I explore how such methods can be used by the researcher as effective thinking tools to enhance the creativity and quality of conceptual work as a precursor to empirical investigation. I investigate the affordances of this approach using a creative research method – storyboarding – to examine trust. Although empirical research commonly cites trust as an explanatory factor, its meaning is ambiguous and contested. Based on three imagined trust dilemmas developed with the involvement of a visual artist, I demonstrate how a visual creative process can encourage consistent attention to the construction of the research object. It also speculatively reveals new facets of phenomena and supports reflexive attention to the researcher’s relation to the object of research. I argue for sociological thinking to engage an eclectic range of visual and creative forms as legitimate tools capable of extending rigour and creativity.
Resilience in the Face of Victimization: A Bourdieusian Analysis of Dealing With Harms and Hurts Among Street-Involved Individuals Who Smoke Crack Cocaine
Authors: Rudzinski Katherine , Strike Carol
Published: March 2020

Victimization is a significant issue for street-involved individuals who smoke crack cocaine. Presently, there is a shortage of resilience research exploring practices that may insulate crack-smoking individuals from victimization or mitigate the effects of such experiences. Through a Bourdieusian lens, this qualitative study examines responses to victimization and the types of coping strategies utilized among ( n = 30) street-involved individuals who regularly smoke crack in Southern Ontario, Canada. A resilience framework is used for analysis—a novel approach in addictions research, since drug-using individuals are generally left out of this realm of investigation. Findings show that participants mobilize their resources and capacities to “rebound” from victimization in the “street field” (Shammas & Sandberg, 2016), through various practices. These individuals rely on their own embodied competencies as well as the “street social capital” (Ilan, 2013) available to them through their networks, in order to deal with victimization. Resilience is a complex process that needs to be continually (re)constituted for participants, owing to their lack of capital and the structural limitations of the street field. In conclusion, participants display resilience through their sense of determination and ongoing agency in navigating constraints and seizing opportunities to avoid, manage, and confront chronic victimization in the street field.
The role of endoscopy as non-invasive procedure to manage gastrointestinal complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Amata Michele , Martucci Gennaro , Granata Antonino , Tuzzolino Fabio , Panarello Giovanna , Bianco Claudia , Lorusso Roberto , Traina Mario , Arcadipane Antonio
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a life-threatening complication in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Despite data on increased mortality due to gastrointestinal bleeding, there is little data on the treatment of such conditions under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and on the possibilities of advanced endoscopic therapy to non-invasively solve these bleeding complications. No clear treatment in the case of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support is recommended in the guidelines.

Methods:

Retrospective observational cohort study including 134 veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients for acute respiratory failure from 2009 to 2018 at IRCCS-ISMETT (Italy). Patients were divided into two groups according to gastrointestinal bleeding episodes and reviewed for type of endoscopic therapy. Gastrointestinal bleeding group was characterized for pre–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation characteristics, management variables—including amount of transfusions and clinical outcomes.

Results:

Fourteen (14) patients (10.4%) experienced upper (n = 13) or lower (n = 1) gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastrointestinal bleeding and no-gastrointestinal bleeding group had similar characteristics apart from higher creatinine in the gastrointestinal bleeding group (1.9 mg/dL (1.3-4.9) vs 1.2 mg/dL (0.7-1.8), p = 0.03). In 3 of the 14 patients (21%), endoscopy showed no signs of active bleeding (nasogastric or feeding tube decubitus), and no specific intervention was performed. Active bleeding was recognized in 11 of the 14 patients (79 %). No patients died of fatal bleeding in the gastrointestinal bleeding group. Endoscopic therapy was feasible, with a complete bleeding control in all the cases: five Hemospray®, two fibrin glue, two metallic clips, one combined approach metallic clips with epinephrine, and one cyanoacrylate. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation course was significantly longer in the gastrointestinal bleeding group: 19.5 (15-36) days vs 13.5 (8-25) days, p = 0.01. No significant differences in mortality were found between the two groups (all p values > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Advanced endoscopic therapy during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may contribute to reducing the negative effects on mortality for gastrointestinal bleeding episodes.
Impact of Transit-Oriented Development on Residential Property Values around Urban Rail Stations
Authors: Jiang Yang , Gu Peiqin , Cao Zhejing , Chen Yulin
Published: March 2020

Few previous studies have linked transit-oriented development (TOD) patterns and property values at the station level in the Chinese context. Using Shanghai as a case study, we obtained 21,094 transaction records within the 800 m radius catchment areas of 280 urban rail stations from a local property agency. A performance-based TOD indicator framework was established to capture built-environment features for density, diversity, and design dimensions. Using open-source geospatial data, we generated a series of TOD indicators for each station catchment area and further developed a composite TOD index with information entropy weighting. The results of multilevel regression models showed that within urban rail station catchment areas, residential properties with higher TOD levels were positively associated with higher value. In addition, increasing pedestrian and bike accessibility and integrating diversified urban functions around stations could create more value for nearby residential properties.
Clinical Characteristics and Electrodiagnostic Features of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Among the Pediatric Population
Authors: Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Mohammadalipoor Ariadokht , Naeini Alireza Ranjbar , Amanat Man , Tavasoli Ali Reza , Heidari Morteza , Badv Reza Shervin , Mohammadi Mahmoud , Zamani Gholam Reza , Rahimi-Dehgolan Shahram , Rahimi Rosa , Akbari Masood Ghahvechi
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy characterized by different clinical manifestations. We aimed to describe the clinical features, seasonal distribution, subtypes, and electrodiagnostic characteristics of Iranian children with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Methods:

In this prospective study, a total of 30 children with Guillain-Barré syndrome were evaluated. All demographic features were collected and electrodiagnostic study was assessed.

Results:

Twelve participants were diagnosed with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and 18 patients were identified with acute motor axonal neuropathy. The initial findings showed that a significant number of patients (23 cases, P = .003) resided in rural areas. Our results showed a higher incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome in summer and autumn months. No significant difference was observed between the seasonal distribution of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and acute motor axonal neuropathy subtypes. Antecedent history of pulmonary infections was recorded in 14 children with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Electrophysiological findings revealed a pattern of prolonged F wave latency with reduced persistency, absence of sensory nerve action potential, reduced compound muscle action potential amplitude, prolonged distal motor latency, reduced nerve conduction velocity, and abnormal temporal dispersion or conduction block in most patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. However, reduced compound muscle action potential amplitude, F wave with normal latency and reduced persistency, normal sensory nerve action potential amplitude, normal distal latency, normal sensory nerve conduction velocity, and conduction block or temporal dispersion were observed in most acute motor axonal neuropathy patients.

Conclusion:

The data support a correlation between Guillain-Barré syndrome incidence with seasonal variation and living area. Further studies should assess the Guillain-Barré syndrome features in pediatric population.
Library makerspaces in China: A comparison of public, academic, and school libraries
Authors: Cao Fenfang , Wu Shuheng , Stvilia Besiki
Published: March 2020

This exploratory study identified and compared the organization, services, challenges of and motivations for makerspaces in public, academic, and school libraries in China. Although there is a significant body of literature on makerspaces in libraries, this study is one of the first ones that provides a comparison of library makerspace organization and operation by library type. Data was collected using paper and online surveys from 158 librarians. Supporting learning was the most frequently identified motivation for establishing a makerspace by all three categories of librarians. While makerspaces in academic libraries were mostly operated by library staff, school libraries more evenly relied on teaching staff, volunteers, library staff members, and paid instructors to operate their makerspaces. Makerspaces in public and academic libraries were funded mostly from the libraries’ budget, while school libraries were funded more by other units on the campus and institutional or individual investments. The most frequently selected technologies were 3D printing and modeling technologies, and makerspaces in academic libraries were better equipped than makerspaces in the other two types of libraries. Group study rooms and learning commons centers were the most frequently occurring physical spaces in academic and public library makerspaces. School library makerspaces differentiated themselves by offering wooden crafts centers more often than other library makerspaces. While participants selecting budget limitation and inadequate equipment as barriers to implementing makerspaces was not surprising, public and academic librarians also often cited the lack of professional instructors. Based on the findings, several suggestions were offered to the practice of planning and operating a makerspace in libraries such as bringing together internal and external funding to support makerspaces, consolidating the required physical space of makerspaces and the existing space arrangement of libraries, and developing additional training programs to address the problem of a lack of professional instructors.
Correlation of Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Results With Clinical and Intraoperative Findings in Painful Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Gurbani Ajay , Demetracopoulos Constantine , O’Malley Martin , Deland Jonathan , Cody Elizabeth , Sofka Carolyn , Scharf Stephen , Ellis Scott
Published: March 2020

Background:

Evaluating pain after total ankle replacement (TAR) is often difficult, and traditional imaging modalities do not always adequately assess potential etiologies of failure. Our study adds to the current understanding of single-photon emission computed tomography combined with conventional computed tomography (SPECT-CT) as a diagnostic tool for painful TAR. We hypothesized that SPECT-CT would be predictive of clinical and intraoperative findings and would be more useful than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our cohort.

Methods:

A retrospective review of SPECT-CT imaging performed at our institution in patients with painful TAR from January 2014 to November 2018 was conducted. A total of 37 patients were identified, and 28 of them underwent revision surgery. Additionally, 19 patients had an MRI during the same time frame. Imaging results were compared to the documented clinical findings and intraoperative findings during revision surgery.

Results:

Of the 37 patients included, 89.2% (33/37) had SPECT-CT results that were consistent with the ultimate diagnosis documented in the medical record. Aseptic loosening (12/33) and impingement (11/33) were the most common diagnoses. Among patients who underwent revision surgery, SPECT-CT results were consistent with intraoperative findings in 26 of the 28 (92.9%) cases. In the 19 patients who also underwent MRI, the findings were consistent with clinical findings 36.8% (7/19) of the time.

Conclusion:

In our cohort, there was high consistency between SPECT-CT results and documented clinical diagnoses. SPECT-CT also demonstrated high consistency with intraoperative findings during revision surgery. Compared with MRI, SPECT-CT proved more useful in establishing a diagnosis of pain after TAR.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative series.
Scandalous?! Examining the Differential Effects of News Coverage About (Non-)Severe Political Misconduct on Voting Intentions and News Source Evaluations
Authors: von Sikorski Christian
Published: March 2020

Scandal severity may affect public perceptions of both scandalous political actors and news sources reporting political misconduct. Yet, research that has empirically tested these assumptions is lacking. Drawing from theory on anchoring effects, the results of two experimental studies conducted using mediation analyses revealed that severe scandals hurt politicians (candidate evaluation) and weaken voting intentions. Although non-severe scandals have no such effects, they increased news consumers’ exaggerated scandalization perceptions and indirectly degraded news source evaluations. Severe scandals had no effect on the news source. Implications for the coverage of political scandals are discussed.
Outcome of revision surgery in recurrent dislocation of primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Mehta Nisarg , Selvaratnam Veenesh , Alsousou Joseph , Donnachie Nigel , Carroll Fintan Adrian
Published: March 2020

Background:

The cause of recurrent dislocation following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) is multifactorial. A re-dislocation rate of up-to 34% following revision is reported. The aim of this study was to determine the re-dislocation rates following revision for recurrent THR dislocation.

Methodology:

Patients who underwent revision for recurrent dislocation between January 2008 and January 2015 were identified. We identified the date and type of primary implant, overall number and reasons for dislocation, revision implant details and complication data.

Results:

Over an 8-year period, 24 patients underwent revision. The median age was 77 (68–85) years, median time to first dislocation was 78 (23–160) months and median number of dislocations was 3 (2–4) with a mean follow-up of 18 months. Socket Mal-Orientation (10) and Abductor deficiency (5) were the main causes of recurrent dislocation. 21 patients (88%) underwent revision of both components, 1 patient underwent isolated cup revision and 2 patients had revision of acetabular component with insertion of a BioBall. There were no dislocations within 90 days of revision surgery. 4 patients had late dislocations (3 recurrent, 1 isolated). There was no significant increase risk of dislocation after revision surgery in the neck of femur group ( p  = 0.467).

Conclusions:

We report favourable outcomes for revision of both components for recurrent dislocation with no dislocations within 90 days. The overall late dislocation rate was 16.7%, however, these patients have settled following closed reduction. Due to its multifactorial aetiology, both component revision can be considered in this patient population.
Leadership succession in politics: The democracy/autocracy divide revisited
Authors: Helms Ludger
Published: March 2020

Leadership succession marks a truly ubiquitous phenomenon with manifold and wide-ranging implications, which explains the major attention that issues of succession have received in the international literature. Most contributions to the field continue, however, to focus on political succession in either democratic or non-democratic regimes. This article develops an integrated perspective on key aspects of leadership succession at the level of political chief executives in democracies and autocracies. A comparative assessment across time and space reveals several features that challenge established notions, and stereotypes, of leadership succession in democratic and autocratic regimes. The empirical ambivalences identified suggest that the way leaders come to and fall from power should be made a more explicit part of conceptualisations of political regimes, and comparative evaluations of their respective democratic quality.
National testing in education in France: Statisation, rationalisation and politicisation
Authors: Pons Xavier
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we analyse the trajectory of the French testing policy in education since 1973. Regarding its statistical tradition and its ability to produce its own evaluation tool, France may be regarded as an interesting case to interrogate the capacity of national educational systems to meet international standards of testing. Anchored in a perspective of sociology of public action, we show that the development of testing in France is the outcome of specific policy configurations that themselves depend on various types of factors. Using materials drawn from four qualitative research studies on testing and evaluation, we argue that this policy trajectory can be interpreted as a statisation process in which state administrations and political leaders both increased their power on society and imposed their categories and own interests to policy actors. This statisation led to a rationalisation and a politicisation of testing. Testing development did not lead in France to a deep transformation of governance patterns: it rather merged into traditional modes of regulation of education and confirmed them to some extent. Testing is thus an interesting way to study the propensity of the French education system to redefine global problems according to domestic stakes.
Constrained H∞ control of gyroscopic ship stabilization systems
Authors: Kuseyri Sina
Published: March 2020

We suggest a constrained [Formula: see text] control scheme for gyroscopic marine vehicle stabilization systems with output and control constraints. The [Formula: see text] performance is used to measure the roll angle reduction of the vessel relative to wave disturbances in regular beam seas. Time-domain constraints, representing requirements for precession angle of gyroscopes and for actuator saturation, are captured using the concept of reachable sets and state-space ellipsoids. A state feedback solution to the constrained [Formula: see text] stabilization control problem is proposed in the framework of linear matrix inequality optimization and multiobjective control. This approach can potentially achieve the best possible vessel comfort with respect to roll motion by allowing constrained variables free as long as they remain within given bounds. Analysis and simulation results for roll dynamics of the vessel coupled with the gyroscopic actuator control system show possible improvements on roll motion stabilization while respecting time-domain hard constraints.
Studying the Effect of Maternal Pregestational Diabetes on Fetal Neurodevelopment Using Magnetoencephalography
Authors: Avci Recep , Whittington Julie R. , Blossom Sarah J. , Escalona-Vargas Diana , Siegel Eric R. , Preissl Hubert T. , Eswaran Hari
Published: March 2020

Background. Developmental origin of health and disease states that an adverse intrauterine environment can lead to different diseases in later life. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of maternal pregestational diabetes on the fetal brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Methods. Forty participants were included in an observational study with 9 type 1 and 19 type 2 diabetic pregnant women compared with data from 12 nondiabetic participants. Spontaneous fetal MEG signals were recorded and power spectral density was computed in 4 standard frequency bands. Group differences were investigated using analysis of covariance. Results. Our results showed that type 1 group was significantly different ( P < .05) from the reference group for 3 of the 4 brain activity frequency bands, while in type 2 group, 2 bands exhibited this trend. When dichotomized based on the maternal glycemic control, significant differences in all bands were observed between the poor-control and reference groups. Conclusion. The fetal background brain activity parameters appear to be altered in diabetic pregnancy in comparison with the reference low-risk group. The study showed that maternal pregestational diabetes could potentially influence in utero neurodevelopment.
An old Soviet response and a revolutionary context: Dealing with the national question in the committees of the USSR Congress of People’s Deputies (1989–1991)
Authors: Stefano Carolina de
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the parliamentary representation of ethnic/national interests and demands in the crisis years between 1989 and 1991, culminating in the collapse of the Soviet Union. It focuses primarily on the proliferation of committees dealing with ethnonational questions after the creation of the USSR Congress of People’s Deputies, a parliamentary body that existed from 1989 until 1991. The article shows that the new parliamentary architecture was not only the inevitable consequence of social and national mobilization but also an expression of the Union center’s response to the ongoing national crisis. Building mostly upon unpublished archival material, the article focuses on debates in 1989–1991 within the Committee of Nationalities Affairs and Interethnic Issues of the USSR Supreme Soviet. In so doing, it identifies some of the dilemmas the committee faced and some of the changes in its functioning brought about glasnost and perestroika. The article makes two key contributions. First, it helps to shed much-needed light on Soviet nationalities policy during perestroika. Second, the analysis of debates internal to parliamentary committees in those critical years contributes to the existing literature on Soviet and Russian parliamentarism and institutional transformation during the transition from the USSR to the Russian Federation.
Ductile iron pipeline response to earthquake-induced ground rupture
Authors: Argyrou Christina , O’Rourke Thomas D , Pariya-Ekkasut Chalermpat , Stewart Harry E
Published: March 2020

This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of ductile iron (DI) pipeline response to earthquake-induced ground deformation through the results of a large-scale testing program and a fault rupture test on a 150-mm DI pipeline with restrained axial slip joints. The test is used to validate a two-dimensional finite element (FE) model that accounts for soil–pipeline interaction with axial slip, pullout resistance, and rotation of pipe joints. The maximum strike-slip fault offset sustained by push-on, restrained, and restrained axial slip joints is presented as a function of the pipeline/fault crossing angle. DI pipeline performance is controlled by one of the following limit states; tensile, compressive, rotational joint capacity, or local buckling in the pipe barrel. A systematic FE assessment shows that pipelines with restrained axial slip joints accommodate 2–9 and 2–10 times as much fault offset as pipelines with push-on and restrained joints, respectively, for most intersection angles. The results of this work can be used for simplified design and to quantify the relative earthquake performance of different DI pipelines.
The small Ca2+-binding protein CSE links Ca2+ signalling with nitrogen metabolism and filament integrity in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
Authors: Walter Julia , Leganés Francisco , Aro Eva-Mari , Gollan Peter J.
Published: March 2020

Background

Filamentous cyanobacteria represent model organisms for investigating multicellularity. For many species, nitrogen-fixing heterocysts are formed from photosynthetic vegetative cells under nitrogen limitation. Intracellular Ca2+has been implicated in the highly regulated process of heterocyst differentiation but its role remains unclear. Ca2+is known to operate more broadly in metabolic signalling in cyanobacteria, although the signalling mechanisms are virtually unknown. A Ca2+-binding protein called the Ca2+Sensor EF-hand (CSE) is found almost exclusively in filamentous cyanobacteria. Expression ofasr1131encoding the CSE protein inAnabaenasp. PCC 7120 was strongly induced by low CO2conditions, and rapidly downregulated during nitrogen step-down. A previous study suggests a role for CSE and Ca2+in regulation of photosynthetic activity in response to changes in carbon and nitrogen availability.

Results

In the current study, a mutantAnabaenasp. PCC 7120 strain lackingasr1131(Δcse) was highly prone to filament fragmentation, leading to a striking phenotype of very short filaments and poor growth under nitrogen-depleted conditions. Transcriptomics analysis under nitrogen-replete conditions revealed that genes involved in heterocyst differentiation and function were downregulated inΔcse, while heterocyst inhibitors were upregulated, compared to the wild-type.

Conclusions

These results indicate that CSE is required for filament integrity and for proper differentiation and function of heterocysts upon changes in the cellular carbon/nitrogen balance. A role for CSE in transmitting Ca2+signals during the first response to changes in metabolic homeostasis is discussed.
The role of MTHFR C677T and ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism in acute coronary syndrome in a Hakka population in southern China
Authors: Hou Jingyuan , Zhong Zhixiong , Deng Qiaoting , Lin Lifang , Zeng Xing
Published: March 2020

Background

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most serious type of coronary heart disease and is a global medical burden. The pathogenesis of ACS is very complex and still poorly understood. Epidemiologic studies have revealed that the manifestation of ACS are the results of the interactions between multiple environmental and genetic factors. The present study aimed to investigate the role of polymorphisms ofMTHFRC677T andALDH2Glu504Lys as risk factors for ACS in a Hakka population in southern China.

Methods

Between September 1, 2015 and October 31, 2017, a total of 1957 individuals, including 860 ACS patients and 1097 controls were recruited. Blood samples were collected and genotypes were determined by DNA microarray chip method and direct sequencing method.

Results

For theMTHFRC677T polymorphism, frequencies ofCC,CT, andTTgenotypes were 53.60% versus 55.33, 39.53% versus 38.65 and 6.86% versus 6.02% in patients with ACS versus controls, respectively(p > 0.05). The differences in genotype frequencies between the ACS patients and controls in the three genetic model were not statistically significant. For theALDH2Glu504Lys polymorphism, the frequencies ofALDH2*1*1,ALDH2*1*2, andALDH2*2*2genotypes were 48.72, 42.67 and 8.6% in the ACS patients, respectively, while these were 53.33, 39.11 and 7.57% in the controls, respectively, showing no significant difference in the distribution of theALDH2genotype between the groups. Using the wild genotypeALDH2*1*1as reference, relative risk analysis revealed a slightly increased risk for ACS in individuals with theALDH2*1*2plusALDH2*2*2genotypes (odds ratio (OR) = 1.203, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.006–1.438,p = 0.043). In a multivariate logistic regression model, even after adjusting for potential covariates, the association betweenALDH2 *2allele and ACS remained significant (OR = 1.242, 95% CI = 1.045–1.561,p = 0.038).

Conclusions

We present findings regarding the possible clinical impact of theALDH2*2variant on ACS patients in a Hakka population in southern China and our findings might help to stratify the high-risk ACS patients and implement appropriate strategies for this genetic subpopulation to ultimately guide the precision preventive procedures in the future.