bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of African ground pangolin behaviour based on accelerometer readouts: validation of bio-logging methods
Authors: Harvey-Carroll Jessica , Carroll Daire , Trivella Cara-Marie , Connelly Ellen
Published: July 2024

Background

Understanding how free-ranging animals behave can help in the design of optimal management strategies to both conserve species and enable individuals to express natural behaviours, maximising welfare. Animal-borne accelerometers passively collect data on body acceleration which can be interpreted to quantify behaviour. Accelerometers are increasingly used in behavioural research, however validation of accelerometer readouts to enable classification of discrete behaviours is required for each species. Pangolins are a heavily trafficked clade of mammals, all of which are considered vulnerable to extinction. They are also under-researched, with little known about their behaviour in the wild. In this study, we present the first validation of behavioural classification based on accelerometer readouts for a pangolin species; the ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii).

Results

We present a standardised protocol for attaching accelerometers to pangolins to minimise the impact of devices on welfare. We match the readouts from accelerometers to behaviours defined through video observations. Using a random forest classification, we defined five discrete behaviours (walking, digging, feeding, investigating ground, and stationary, accuracy of 85%) and three activity levels (low, medium, and high, accuracy of 94%) from accelerometer readouts. We determine optimal sampling frequency and window length (50 Hz and five seconds for discrete behaviour, 10 Hz and seven seconds for activity level). We then deploy accelerometers and classify the behaviour of three free-ranging pangolins for between two and four days. We find considerable variation in peak daily activity between free-ranging pangolins with different individuals displaying nocturnal and crepuscular behaviour. We also find that pangolins spend the majority of their time (between 62 and 71%) at rest.

Conclusion

The methods we present will enable the quantification of ground pangolin behaviour in the wild to improve our understanding of the species’ ecology and help inform conservation efforts. This will also help to improve our fundamental understanding of animal behaviour and ecology.
TGF-β1 mediates hypoxia-preconditioned olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells improved neural functional recovery in Parkinson’s disease models and patients
Authors: Zhuo Yi , Li Wen-Shui , Lu Wen , Li Xuan , Ge Li-Te , Huang Yan , Gao Qing-Tao , Deng Yu-Jia , Jiang Xin-Chen , Lan Zi-Wei , Deng Que , Chen Yong-Heng , Xiao Yi , Lu Shuo , Jiang Feng , Liu Zuo , Hu Li , Liu Yu , Ding Yu , He Zheng-Wen , Tan De-An , Duan Da , Lu Ming
Published: July 2024

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Activation of the neuroinflammatory response has a pivotal role in PD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for various nerve injuries, but there are limited reports on their use in PD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods

We investigated the effects of clinical-grade hypoxia-preconditioned olfactory mucosa (hOM)-MSCs on neural functional recovery in both PD models and patients, as well as the preventive effects on mouse models of PD. To assess improvement in neuroinflammatory response and neural functional recovery induced by hOM-MSCs exposure, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) combined with full-length transcriptome isoform-sequencing (ISO-seq), and functional assay. Furthermore, we present the findings from an initial cohort of patients enrolled in a phase I first-in-human clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of intraspinal transplantation of hOM-MSC transplantation into severe PD patients.

Results

A functional assay identified that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), secreted from hOM-MSCs, played a critical role in modulating mitochondrial function recovery in dopaminergic neurons. This effect was achieved through improving microglia immune regulation and autophagy homeostasis in the SN, which are closely associated with neuroinflammatory responses. Mechanistically, exposure to hOM-MSCs led to an improvement in neuroinflammation and neural function recovery partially mediated by TGF-β1 via activation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (ALK/PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway in microglia located in the SN of PD patients. Furthermore, intraspinal transplantation of hOM-MSCs improved the recovery of neurologic function and regulated the neuroinflammatory response without any adverse reactions observed in patients with PD.

Conclusions

These findings provide compelling evidence for the involvement of TGF-β1 in mediating the beneficial effects of hOM-MSCs on neural functional recovery in PD. Treatment and prevention of hOM-MSCs could be a promising and effective neuroprotective strategy for PD. Additionally, TGF-β1 may be used alone or combined with hOM-MSCs therapy for treating PD.
Efficacy of tracheostomy for respiratory management in patients with advanced oral cancer
Authors: Kim Yun-Ho , Yang Jae-Young , Ma Yoon-Hee , Lee Jin-Choon , Hwang Dae-Seok , Ryu Mi-Heon , Kim Uk-Kyu
Published: July 2024

Background

Many studies have been reported on tracheostomy to prevent upper airway obstruction after surgery. Among these, the scoring system proposed by Cameron et al. quantifies various factors that influence postoperative respiratory failure. This system provides a basis for surgeons to decide whether to perform an elective tracheostomy. In this study, the authors applied the Cameron scoring system retrospectively to patients undergoing severe oral cancer surgery to reevaluate the indications for elective tracheostomy and to investigate its clinical efficacy in airway management. In this study, a sample of 20 patients who underwent oral cancer surgery was selected and divided into two groups: 10 underwent tracheostomy and 10 did not. The Cameron scoring scores for each patient were extracted, to verify whether elective tracheostomy was performed in accordance with the threshold scores. Differences in scores and significant clinical impact factors between the two groups were analyzed and compared.

Result

The 10 patients who underwent tracheostomy had an average Cameron score of 6.4, all scoring above the recommended threshold of 5 for tracheostomy. For the 10 patients who did not undergo tracheostomy, the average score was 2.5, with 8 out of these 10 patients scoring below 5. Significant clinical impact factors observed included the location and size of the tumor, the performance of mandibulectomy and neck dissection, and the type of reconstruction surgery.

Conclusion

In planning surgery for oral cancer patients, it is essential to consider the use of elective tracheostomy based on preoperative assessment of the risk of postoperative airway obstruction using tools like the Cameron scoring system, and patients’ condition. Research confirms that elective tracheostomy effectively enhances airway management in patients with severe oral cancer.
Acetate-containing bicarbonate dialysate increases all-cause mortality more than acetate-free bicarbonate dialysate containing citrate in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Okada Kazuyoshi , Tashiro Manabu , Michiwaki Hiroyuki , Tanaka Yusaku , Yamashita Syo , Inoue Tomoko , Shima Hisato , Minakuchi Jun
Published: July 2024

Background

No studies have compared mortality between acetate-containing bicarbonate dialysate (ABD) and acetate-free bicarbonate dialysate containing citrate (AFD) in hemodialysis (HD) or online hemodiafiltration (OHDF). We therefore compared mortality between ABD and AFD in each modality.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included 738 patients who were receiving super high-flux (SHF) or SHF albumin-leaking HD (n = 310: ABD 235 and AFD 75) or OHDF (n = 428: ABD 321 and AFD 107) at our institution between 1 April and 1 July 2017. Three-year all-cause mortality was compared between ABD and AFD in the HD or OHDF groups using a propensity score matching model. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were compared using the log-rank test, and then Cox regression analysis with adjustments was performed for some covariates that remained significant.

Results

After propensity score matching, mortality on ABD was not significantly different from that on AFD in the HD group [n = 75; hazard ratio (HR) 2.271, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.863–5.981, P = 0.087] or in the OHDF group (n = 107; HR 1.944, 95% CI 0.585–6.458, P = 0.269) without adjustments. However, with adjustments using some covariates, mortality was significantly higher on ABD than on AFD (adjusted HR 4.501, 95% CI 1.434–14.125, P = 0.010) in the HD group, but not in the OHDF group.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that ABD worsens mortality more than AFD in patients on SHF and SHF albumin-leaking HD.

Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000053090. Prospectively registered 13 December 2023, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-bin/ctr/ctr_view_reg.cgi?recptno=R000060581.
Development of a flexible liver phantom for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment planning: a useful tool for training & education
Authors: Al-Thani Abdulla , Sharif Abdulrahman , El Borgi Sami , Abdulla Shameel , Ahmed Saleh Mahmoud Raja , Al-Khal Reem , Velasquez Carlos , Aboumarzouk Omar , Dakua Sarada Prasad
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of liver cancer that could potentially be surrounded by healthy arteries or veins that a surgeon would have to avoid during treatment. A realistic 3D liver model is an unmet need for HCC preoperative planning.

Methods

This paper presents a method to create a soft phantom model of the human liver with the help of a 3D-printed mold, silicone, ballistic gel, and a blender.

Results

For silicone, the elastic modulus of seven different ratios of base silicone and silicone hardener are tested; while for ballistic gel, a model using 20% gelatin and 10% gelatin is created for the tumor and the rest of the liver, respectively. It is found that the silicone modulus of elasticity matches with the real liver modulus of elasticity. It is also found that the 10% gelatin part of the ballistic gel model is an excellent emulation of a healthy human liver.

Conclusion

The 3D flexible liver phantom made from a 10% gelatin-to-water mixture demonstrates decent fidelity to real liver tissue in terms of texture and elasticity. It holds significant potential for improving medical training, preoperative planning, and surgical research. We believe that continued development and validation of such models could further enhance their utility and impact in the field of hepatobiliary treatment planning and education.
mpMRI features of mucinous prostate cancer: two case reports
Authors: Chiacchio Giuseppe , Grimaldi Alessandro , Beatrici Edoardo , Rossi Riccardo , Cappuccelli Simone , Pitoni Lucia , Lacetera Vito , Gabrielloni Giuliana , Rebonato Alberto , Scarcella Simone , Beatrici Valerio
Published: July 2024

Background

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate (MACP) is one of the rarest variants of prostatic neoplasm, with more aggressive behavior than non-mucinous prostatic cancer. Previous studies suggested that these tumors exhibit different imaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features compared with those of non-mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate upon which the conventional PIRADS v2.1 is based. To the best of our knowledge, this case series is the first to describe the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging features of the MACP.

Results

We presented two cases of biopsy proven mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate studied with multiparametric MRI. In both cases, diagnosis was late because of the different MRI features of MACP than those of the more common adenocarcinoma of the prostate. In both mpMRI, MACP appears to be hyperintense on T2WI, there was not a significant decrease in diffusivity in ADC maps and it exhibits early enhancement in DCE-MRI; the septa resulted in hypointense on T2WI compared to the PZ

Conclusions

According to our experience, the conventional PIRADS v2.1 score is not suitable for mucinous prostate adenocarcinoma. MACP appears to be hyperintense on T2WI, has a lower ADC value, and exhibits early enhancement in DCE-MRI; the septa are usually hypointense on T2WI compared to the PZ. It is imperative for radiologists and urologists to be cognizant of this rare variant of prostate cancer to promptly identify and diagnose it, thereby preventing any diagnostic delays.
The influence of IT outsourcing on organisational success and innovation
Authors: Murphy Liam
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the domain of IT outsourcing (ITO), focusing on its implications for organisational success or failure, and its impact on innovation. Through a comprehensive literature review, significant gaps were identified, including a lack of empirical studies assessing ITO outcomes for organisations, how ITO impacts innovation, and if an organisation’s industry impacts ITO success. In response, three research questions are formulated to address the identified gaps, leading to the creation of a novel conceptual model designed to evaluate the influence of ITO on organisations. Employing a deductive approach, the model informed a triangulation research approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data. A survey garnered responses from 112 senior IT professionals across three industries, complemented by eight interviews with senior and executive management. Findings indicate a concerning rate of perceived ITO failures and reveal that the specific industry of an organisation can affect ITO success. The study also concludes that ITO adversely impacts organisational innovation. Based on these insights, eight best practices are recommended to enhance ITO outcomes, including market research on vendor skillsets and experience, the establishment of well-structured contracts, adherence to SLAs without grace periods, shorter project durations, multi-sourcing strategies, bolstering internal IT capabilities, helping employees to understand ITO value, and rigorous governance. Acknowledging its limitations, this paper calls for future research involving broader industry representation and larger sample sizes to validate and expand upon these findings.
UCHL5 is a putative prognostic marker in renal cell carcinoma: a study of UCHL family
Authors: Zhang Mengdi , Li Jingxian , Liu Sijia , Zhou Fangfang , Zhang Long
Published: July 2024

A macroscopic perspective is indispensable for understanding the intricate relationship between deubiquitinases and tumorigenesis. Proteomics has been proposed as a viable approach for elucidating the complex role of deubiquitylation in cellular progression. Instead of studying the function of a single ubiquitinase, research on a deubiquitinase family with similar catalytic core(s) may provide a new perspective for the pathological understanding of cancer. The Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L (UCHL) family consists of four members: UCHL1, UCHL3, UCHL5, and BRAC1 associated protein-1 (BAP1), and they have been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Some members are considered hallmarks of intracranial lesions, colon cancer, chromatin remodeling, and histone stability. The present study uncovered an unknown correlation between the UCHL family and renal cancer. We discovered that UCHLs exhibit diverse regulatory effects in renal cancer, establishing connections between the renal cancer and truncated gene mutations, mitochondrial energetic metastasis, immune cell infiltration, and chromosomal stability of UCHLs family. Notably, we found that the increase of UCHL5 expression in renal cancer cells decreases the antigen processing and presentation of RCC tumor-infiltrating B cells. Further research identified that the expression of UCHL5 in RCC tumors is correlated with transport proteins, which led us to find that the abundance of UCHL5 in the blood of late-stage renal cell cancer patients is upregulated from 18 ng/L to 500 ng/L. Therefore, we propose that the abundance of UCHL5 in patients' blood can be a possible indicator of poor prognosis for renal cell cancer.
Efficacy of digital interventions on physical activity promotion in individuals with noncommunicable diseases: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Kardan Mohammadhossein , Jung Andres , Iqbal Mehvish , Keshtkar Saeed , Geidl Wolfgang , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: July 2024

Background

Physical inactivity is considered one of the main modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. It has been proven that an active lifestyle is an efficient means of preventing and managing noncommunicable diseases. Multiple barriers have been identified that hinder engagement in conventional physical activity programs and the achievement of physical activity recommendations. Digital interventions may expand opportunities to resolve these barriers and empower people with noncommunicable diseases to be physically active. This overview of systematic reviews aims to evaluate the efficacy of digital interventions on physical activity promotion among individuals with major noncommunicable diseases.

Method

A protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022364350). A qualitative synthesis method was applied to summarize the efficacy data. The assessment of methodological quality using AMSTAR-2 for each systematic review was performed by two independent reviewers.

Results

Searches in nine databases resulted in seven systematic reviews for inclusion. Most of the primary studies included in these seven reviews were conducted in high-income countries. The reviews addressed five populations: participants with cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes, and osteoarthritis. Digital interventions were classified into two categories: interventions based on digital activity trackers and remote interventions via digital facilities. Additional components were identified in both categories of interventions such as motivational content, counseling, goal setting, tailored feedback/reminders, and other behavioral change techniques. The overall quality of the reviews ranged from critically low to low. The findings provided some evidence that both categories of interventions were effective in promoting physical activity.

Conclusion

The findings of this overview suggest that some types of digital interventions, such as self-monitoring with digital activity trackers and remote interventions via digital facilities, may be effective means of promoting physical activity across major noncommunicable diseases. The findings should be interpreted cautiously since the methodological quality of the included reviews ranged from critically low to low, and there was no consistent assessment of the certainty of evidence. Further systematic reviews are required on efficacy of digital interventions with more rigorous conducting and reporting of systematic review methodologies.
Intratumoral Escherichia Is Associated With Improved Survival to Single-Agent Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Elkrief Arielle , Montesion Meagan , Sivakumar Smruthy , Hale Caryn , Bowman Anita S. , Begüm Bektaş Ayyüce , Bradic Martina , Kang Wenfei , Chan Eric , Gogia Pooja , Manova-Todorova Katia , Mata Douglas A. , Egger Jacklynn V. , Rizvi Hira , Socci Nicolas D. , Kelly Daniel W. , Rosiek Eric , Meng Fanli , Tam Grittney , Fan Ning , Drilon Alexander , Yu Helena A. , Riely Gregory J. , Rekhtman Natasha , Quintanal Villalonga Álvaro , Dogan Snjezana , Bhanot Umesh , Gönen Mithat , Loomis Brian , Hellmann Matthew D. , Schoenfeld Adam J. , Ladanyi Marc , Rudin Charles M. , Vanderbilt Chad M.
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

The impact of the intratumoral microbiome on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. Preclinically, intratumoral Escherichia is associated with a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment and decreased metastases. We sought to determine whether intratumoral Escherichia is associated with outcome to ICI in patients with NSCLC.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We examined the intratumoral microbiome in 958 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICI by querying unmapped next-generation sequencing reads against a bacterial genome database. Putative environmental contaminants were filtered using no-template controls (n = 2,378). The impact of intratumoral Escherichia detection on overall survival (OS) was assessed using univariable and multivariable analyses. The findings were further validated in an external independent cohort of 772 patients. Escherichia fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and transcriptomic profiling were performed.

RESULTS

In the discovery cohort, read mapping to intratumoral Escherichia was associated with significantly longer OS (16
v
11 months; hazard ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.59 to 0.92];
P
= .0065) in patients treated with single-agent ICI, but not combination chemoimmunotherapy. The association with OS in the single-agent ICI cohort remained statistically significant in multivariable analysis adjusting for prognostic features including PD-L1 expression (
P
= .023). Analysis of an external validation cohort confirmed the association with improved OS in univariable and multivariable analyses of patients treated with single-agent ICI, and not in patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy. Escherichia localization within tumor cells was supported by coregistration of FISH staining and serial hematoxylin and eosin sections. Transcriptomic analysis correlated Escherichia-positive samples with expression signatures of immune cell infiltration.

CONCLUSION

Read mapping to potential intratumoral Escherichia was associated with survival to single-agent ICI in two independent cohorts of patients with NSCLC.
Evolving Practices in Immune-Related Adverse Event Management: Insights From the IMMUCARE Multidisciplinary Board
Authors: Varnier Romain , Fontaine-Delaruelle Clara , Freymond Nathalie , Essongue Aurore , Bouali Anissa , Boschetti Gilles , Lebosse Fanny , Tartas Sophie , Milley Sarah , Cugnet-Anceau Christine , Novel-Catin Etienne , Joubert Bastien , Massy Emmanuel , Dalle Stéphane , Maillet Denis
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

The management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) requires multidisciplinary boards to handle complex cases. This study aimed to examine the evolving practices of the IMMUCARE board and to evaluate its impact on clinical practices.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The IMMUCARE board gathers oncologists and organ specialists from the Cancerology Institute of the Lyon University Hospital since 2018. We conducted a retrospective analysis of its activity (participants' specialty, referred cases, and recommendations) from 2018 to 2021, coupled with a survey among the physicians who participated.

RESULTS

Across 68 board meetings, 245 cases from 195 patients were discussed. Each board had a median of six participants (IQR, 5-8). Participation rates varied across specialties and also over time (participation of nephrologists and rheumatologists significantly increased over time, whereas it decreased for endocrinologists). Most of the referred patients (89%) were treated at our center. Only 4% of referrals concerned eligibility for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), whereas the majority pertained to irAEs. The board recommended ICI interruption for 56% and steroids for 41% of them. Immunosuppressants were recommended in 17% of cases, with a notable increase over time. ICI reintroduction was debated in 50% of cases, and the board identified a definitive contraindication in 26% of them. The survey of 49 of 98 physicians showed that the board significantly affected immunosuppressant introduction and ICI rechallenge decisions. The board's educational and collaborative benefits were highlighted, but time constraints posed challenges.

CONCLUSION

Our 4-year analysis of irAE management practices reveals changing patterns in the distribution of cases presented and in specialists' involvement. Dedicated multidisciplinary boards remain essential, particularly for intricate cases. Expanding access to these boards is crucial to ensure comprehensive care for all patients.
Assessing the Validity of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Measure in Identifying Potentially Preventable Emergency Department Visits by Patients With Cancer
Authors: Alishahi Tabriz Amir , Turner Kea , Hemati Homa , Baugh Christopher , Elston Lafata Jennifer
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented chemotherapy measures (OP-35) to reduce potentially preventable emergency department visits (PPEDVs) and hospitalizations. This study evaluated the validity of the OP-35 measure in identifying PPEDVs among patients with cancer.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study, which used data from the 2012-2022 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. ED visits are assessed and compared on the basis of three measures: immediacy using Emergency Severity Index (ESI), disposition (discharge
v
hospitalization), and OP-35 criteria.

RESULTS

Between 2012 and 2022, a weighted sample of 46,723,524 ED visits were made by patients with cancer. Among reported ESI cases, 25.2% (8,346,443) was high urgency. In addition, 30.3% (14,135,496) of ED visits among patients with cancer led to hospitalizations. Using the OP-35 measure, it was found that 20.85% (9,743,977) was PPEDVs. A 21.9% (10,232,102) discrepancy between discharge diagnosis (CMS billing codes) and chief complaints was identified. Further analysis showed that 19.2% (1,872,556) of potentially preventable ED visits (CMS OP-35) were high urgency and 32.6% (3,181,280) resulted in hospitalization.

CONCLUSION

The CMS approach to identifying PPEDVs has limitations. First, it may overcount preventable visits by including high-urgency or hospitalization-requiring cases. Second, relying on final diagnoses for retrospective preventability judgment can be misleading as they may not reflect the initial reason for the visit. In addition, differentiating causes for ED visits in patients with cancer undergoing various treatments is challenging as the approach does not distinguish between chemotherapy-related complications and others. Identification inconsistencies arise because of varying coding practices and chosen preventable conditions, lacking consensus and alignment with specific hospital or patient needs. Finally, the model fails to consider crucial nonclinical factors like social support, economic barriers, and alternative care access, potentially unfairly penalizing hospitals serving underserved populations.
Development of functional spermatozoa in mammalian spermiogenesis
Authors: Miyata Haruhiko , Shimada Keisuke , Kaneda Yuki , Ikawa Masahito
Published: July 2024

Infertility is a global health problem affecting one in six couples, with 50% of cases attributed to male infertility. Spermatozoa are male gametes, specialized cells that can be divided into two parts: the head and the flagellum. The head contains a vesicle called the acrosome that undergoes exocytosis and the flagellum is a motility apparatus that propels the spermatozoa forward and can be divided into two components, axonemes and accessory structures. For spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes, the acrosome and flagellum must be formed correctly. In this Review, we describe comprehensively how functional spermatozoa develop in mammals during spermiogenesis, including the formation of acrosomes, axonemes and accessory structures by focusing on analyses of mouse models.
Physical Activity and Excess Body Weight and Adiposity for Adults. American College of Sports Medicine Consensus Statement
Authors: Jakicic John M. , Apovian Caroline M. , Barr-Anderson Daheia J. , Courcoulas Anita P. , Donnelly Joseph E. , Ekkekakis Panteleimon , Hopkins Mark , Lambert Estelle Victoria , Napolitano Melissa A. , Volpe Stella L.
Published: July 2024

Excessive body weight and adiposity contribute to many adverse health concerns. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recognizes that the condition of excess body weight and adiposity is complex, with numerous factors warranting consideration. The ACSM published a position stand on this topic in 2001 with an update in 2009, and a consensus paper on the role of physical activity in the prevention of weight gain in 2019. This current consensus paper serves as an additional update to those prior ACSM position and consensus papers. The ACSM supports the inclusion of physical activity in medical treatments (pharmacotherapy, metabolic and bariatric surgery) of excess weight and adiposity, as deemed to be medically appropriate, and provides perspectives on physical activity within these therapies. For weight loss and prevention of weight gain, the effects may be most prevalent when physical activity is progressed in an appropriate manner to at least 150 min·wk−1 of moderate-intensity physical activity, and these benefits occur in a dose–response manner. High-intensity interval training does not appear to be superior to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for body weight regulation, and light-intensity physical activity may also be an alternative approach provided it is of sufficient energy expenditure. Evidence does not support that any one single mode of physical activity is superior to other modes for the prevention of weight gain or weight loss, and to elicit holistic health benefits beyond the effects on body weight and adiposity, multimodal physical activity should be recommended. The interaction between energy expenditure and energy intake is complex, and the effects of exercise on the control of appetite are variable between individuals. Physical activity interventions should be inclusive and tailored for sex, self-identified gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and developmental level. Intervention approaches can also include different forms, channels, and methods to support physical activity.
Impact of Inaccurate Clinical Coding on Financial Outcome: A Study in a local hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Albagmi Salem
Published: July 2024

Background Coding in medical procedures is crucial for patients, and errors made by hospital administration during the coding process can have an impact on both the financial results and the course of therapy. The present study aims to assess the accuracy of diagnostic and procedural codes as recorded by the hospital’s coders and to also evaluate their impact on the hospital’s revenue. Methods In a local hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia, a cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted on patients with a clinical coder. The percentage of precision and error following the re-coding of cases was calculated using a statistical analysis. Results Primary diagnosis was incorrectly coded in 57 (26 per cent) records, and secondary diagnosis was incorrectly coded in 21 (9.9 per cent) records. Inaccurate medical labelling has been seen in emergency rooms, operating rooms, and gynaecology facilities. Discussion The percentage of records with the most incorrect coding was found to be 16 (7.5 per cent) in the emergency room, 10 (4.7 per cent) in the surgical clinic, and 5 (2.3 per cent) in the gynaecology/OBS clinic. Six (2.8 per cent) records in the private clinic had inaccurate secondary diagnoses, followed by four (1.9 per cent) and two (1 per cent) records in nephrology. Conclusion The percentage of inaccurate clinical codes in primary diagnoses reached (26.8 per cent) and the percentage of incorrect clinical codes in secondary diagnoses reached (9.9 per cent).
Validation of the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey among Medicine Resident Physicians
Authors: Cook David A. , Pankratz V. Shane
Published: July 2024

Purpose The Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) was developed to measure motivational characteristics of a learning activity, building on Keller's Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction (ARCS) motivation model. We aimed to validate IMMS scores using validity evidence of internal structure and relations with other variables. Methods Participants were internal medicine and family medicine residents who completed the IMMS following an online module on outpatient medicine, from 2005 to 2009. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine model fit using half the data (split-sample approach). Finding suboptimal fit, we conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and developed a revised instrument. We evaluated this instrument with CFA using the remaining data. Associations were evaluated between IMMS scores and knowledge and other measures of motivation (Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, MSLQ). All analyses accounted for repeated measures on subjects. Results There were 242 participants. Although internal consistency reliabilities were good (Cronbach alpha ≥0.70), CFA of the original 36-item, 4-domain instrument revealed poor model fit for data sample 1. EFA found that reverse-scored items clustered strongly together. Further EFA using data sample 1, followed by CFA using data sample 2, found good fit for a 13-item, 4-domain model that omitted reverse-scored items (standardized root mean square residual 0.045, root mean square error of approximation 0.066, comparative fit index 0.96). Linear regression confirmed positive, statistically significant associations for most hypothesized relationships, including IMMS total with knowledge (r=0.19) and MSLQ total (r=0.53; both p<.001). Examination of reverse-scored items suggested participant inattention but not acquiescence. Conclusions IMMS scores show good reliability and relations with other variables. However, the hypothesized and empirical factor structures do not align, and reverse-scored items show particularly poor fit. A 13-item, 4-domain scale omitting reverse-scored items showed good model fit.
The genome sequence of the chalcid wasp, Chalcis sispes Linnaeus, 1761
Authors: Sivell Olga , Mitchell Ryan , Webb Judy , Broad Gavin R. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Chalcis sispes (chalcid wasp; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Chalcididae). The genome sequence is 412.4 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.9 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of a hydroid, Candelabrum cocksii (Cocks, 1854)
Authors: Adkins Patrick , Mrowicki Rob , Modepalli Vengamanaidu ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Candelabrum cocksii (hydroid; Cnidaria; Hydrozoa; Anthoathecata; Candelabridae). The genome sequence is 232.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 14.55 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the moss carder bee, Bombus muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Broad Gavin R. , Barnes Ian ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Bombus muscorum (the moss carder bee; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Apidae). The genome sequence spans 317.70 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 17 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 21.15 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 11,668 protein-coding genes.
The genome sequence of the black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Authors: Lopez Colom Rosa , O’Brien Michelle ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Chroicocephalus ridibundus (the black-headed gull; Chordata; Aves; Charadriiformes; Laridae). The genome sequence spans 1,417.60 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 33 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.82 kilobases in length.
Social Interaction as a Universal Competence of a Bachelor of Management: Essence and Content
Authors: Latysheva S.
Published: July 2024

The article reveals the essence and content of social interaction as a fundamental core of universal competence, which is essentially important in the activity of a future bachelor in the field of management and administration. On the basis of the analysis of scientific, pedagogical, psychological and sociological sources had been revealed the features of the formation of the targeted competence of a student as a subject of self-realization in teaching, research, practice-oriented activity in the environment of higher education. It was described the developing potential of humanities disciplines actualising a set of comprehensive knowledge, skills, abilities and creative abilities of students. It was shown the indicators of formation of universal competence of social interaction from the position of scientific and pedagogical approaches.

It is demonstrated how the experience of social interaction acquired in higher education becomes a means of effective business communication and interpersonal relations for students, enriching the content-functional aspects of his professionalism and personal qualities, establishing the basic foundations of communication humanism in personnel management, in solving disputable and conflict situations. It is proved that the ability to build effective social interaction is an integral part in achieving the set goals of a successful career of future bachelors of management and administration.
Media Space as a Direction of Mass Communication at Students
Authors: Scheglova A. , Zykova A. , Belyakova Natalya , Bakulina E.
Published: July 2024

Modern media space is an actively developing area of mass communication. A number of modern historians define it as a perspective for a negative scenario of social development. Modern man is actively involved in the media space, which forms his priorities, moods, tastes. Complements and diversifies leisure time. Almost everyone's day begins and ends with watching media content. Children and young people turned out to be especially active users. This trend is alarming. Live human communication is being replaced by a digital copy that does not require special energy costs from the user. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the problems of the production of audiovisual content in the media space. Building high-quality information content will minimize the negative component of the transforming communication process.
Choreographic Education in the Context of Digitalization
Authors: Yu Qian Long
Published: July 2024

Analysis of the development of choreographic education in the context of digitalization of society sets not only certain standards for the educational process, but also forms innovative models for the development of choreographic art in general. To study this issue, scientific methods of analysis were used, and the results demonstrated the formation of modern training standards and innovative methods of teaching choreographers in world pedagogy related to the introduction of digitalization. Since it contributes to the formation of international cooperation between educational institutions and potential employers. And borrowing the experience of the strongest universities will allow us to adapt new conditions for training choreographers to modern educational trends, harmonize innovative approaches with traditional stages of training, and increase the level, quality and balance of the educational process in choreographic departments. The digitalization of society makes it possible to develop a unique approach to the innovative training of choreographers, enriching the course with various combinations made up of traditional and innovative aspects of the development of art as a whole. And the further development of choreographic education is the harmonization of educational systems.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of State Policy Measures in the Implementation of the Strategic National Priority «Economic Security»
Authors: Belyaevskaya-Plotnik Lyubov'
Published: July 2024

In the context of intensifying external challenges and threats to ensure economic security, it is extremely important to ensure the continuity of state policy measures across the entire vertical of strategic planning documents, to prevent semantic deformation of goal setting, and to prevent the presence of contradictions both in the substantive formulations and in the quantitative values of target indicators of documents. The National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, adopted on July 2, 2021 by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 400, justified the need to monitor the implementation of the nine strategic national priorities formulated in it, including the priority “Economic Security”. A comparative analysis of indicators for monitoring the state of economic security available in the list of official statistical surveillance was carried out. It is shown that in order to comply with the principle of balance in the strategic planning system, it is first necessary to update and ensure mutual compliance of the goals and objectives of the Economic Security Strategy (approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2017 No. 208) with the goals and objectives of the strategic national priority “Economic Security” from the National Security Strategy, taking into account the challenges and threats specified in this document, which should become the basis for the development and regulatory consolidation of a list of indicators for the implementation of the corresponding national priority.
Assessment of the productivity of spring triticale against the background of fertilizers in the conditions of the ancestral region of the republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Sabirova Razina , Vafin Il'shat
Published: July 2024

In Russia, spring triticale is cultivated on small areas, and for the Republic of Tatarstan it is a new crop. It is mainly cultivated for forage purposes. The study of the possibilities of cultivating spring triticale in different soil and climatic conditions using different types of fertilizers is of great interest. The purpose of the research was to assess the productivity of spring triticale of the Timur variety against the background of modern fertilizers and in the soil and climatic conditions of the Ancestral region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The studies were conducted in 2021-2022 on gray forest soils. The object of the study was the spring triticale of the Timur variety. Meteorological conditions and the use of Metallocene D during seed treatment before sowing, normally 0.3 ml/ton, and spraying in the phases of tube entry and earing with AgroNAN Active and AgroNAN Organic preparations, normally 0.2 l/ha, determined the productivity of spring triticale plants. Biometric indicators, data on the yield structure and yield of spring triticale were higher in favorable conditions in 2022 and with the use of fertilizers, with the privilege of using Metallocene D in seed treatment before sowing, normally 0.3 ml/ton, and spraying in the phases of tube entry and earing with AgroNAN Active preparations is normal 0.2 l/ha. The yield ranged from 4.3 to 7.7 t/ha, depending on the experience options and the year of research. The development and prevalence of root rot on spring triticale plants against the background of fertilizers was lower in comparison with the control variant.
Obesity in Adults: Causes, Health Consequences, and Treatment Methods
Authors: Jakubiec Joanna , Gmitrzuk Julita , Malinka Zuzanna , Wiśniewska Katarzyna , Jachymek Anna , Opatowska Martyna , Kucharski Tomasz , Karasiński Maciej
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat that can negatively affect a person's physical as well as mental health. It results not only from excessive caloric intake relative to energy expenditure, but also from a myriad of genetic, metabolic, environmental and behavioral factors. Obesity poses the risk of a number of chronic diseases that impair quality of life and increase the risk of death. Understanding the causes of obesity, the consequences it brings, and learning about treatments can help improve health and public awareness.
Aim of the Study
This study aims to analyze the causes, health consequences, and available treatment methods for obesity in adults, providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the subject.
Materials and Methods
This review utilized data from recent literature published over the last 15 years, sourced primarily from PubMed. The focus was on identifying and synthesizing information related to the epidemiology, risk factors, health consequences, and treatment strategies for adult obesity. Keywords such as "obesity," "adult," "treatment," "epidemiology," and "health consequences" were used to search relevant studies.
Conclusions
Obesity in adults is a multifaceted issue requiring a comprehensive approach to treatment. Addressing this epidemic necessitates a combination of dietary changes, increased physical activity, behavioral therapies, pharmacological interventions, and surgical options when necessary. Ongoing support and monitoring are essential for achieving long-term success in weight management and improving overall health outcomes.