bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex- versus apomixis-specific polymorphisms in the 5′UTR of APOLLO from Boechera shift gene expression from somatic to reproductive tissues in Arabidopsis
Authors: Honari Maryam , Ashnest Joanne R. , Sharbel Timothy F.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Among candidate genes underlying the control components of apomixis, APOLLO is known for its strong linkage to apomeiosis in the genus Boechera. The gene has “apo alleles,” which are characterized by a set of linked apomixis-specific polymorphisms, and “sex alleles.” All apomictic Boechera genotypes are heterozygous for the apo/sex alleles, whereas all sexual genotypes are homozygous for sex alleles.

Methods

In this study, native and synthetic APOLLO promoters were characterized by detecting the expression level of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in Arabidopsis.

Results

Comparing various flower developmental stages in transgenic lines containing different constructs with 2-kb native transgenic lines revealed that changes to the APOLLO promoter causes shifts in tissue and developmental stage specificity of GUS expression. Importantly, several apomixis-specific polymorphisms in the 5′UTR change the timing and location of GUS activity from somatic to reproductive tissues.

Discussion

These synthetic data simulate a plausible evolutionary process, whereby apomixis-specific gene activity can be achieved.
Water depth-dependent stem elongation of completely submerged Alternanthera philoxeroides is mediated by intra-internodal growth variations
Authors: Jing Shufang , Ren Xinyi , Lin Feng , Niu Hangang , Ayi Qiaoli , Wan Binna , Zeng Bo , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: February 2024

Complete submergence, especially deep submergence, poses a serious threat to the growth and survival of plants. One study previously showed that Alternanthera philoxeroides (a herbaceous perennial plant) submerged at depth of 2 m presented fast stem elongation and reduced stem elongation as water depth increased. In the present study, we aimed to figure out from the morphological and anatomical perspective how the differential growth response of the plant to water depth was achieved. We investigated the elongation of different stem parts and the relationship of stem elongation to cell size and number in A. philoxeroides by conducting experiments using a series of submergence depths (0 m, 2 m, 5 m, and 9 m). The results showed that, in comparison with unsubmerged plants, completely submerged plants exhibited enhanced elongation at depths of 2 m and 5 m but suppressed elongation at depth of 9 m in immature stem internodes, and displayed very little elongation in mature stem internodes at any depths. The stem growth of A. philoxeroides at any submergence depth was chiefly caused by the elongation of the basal parts of immature internodes. The elongation of the basal parts of immature internodes was highly correlated to both cell proliferation and cell enlargement, but the elongation of the middle and upper parts of immature internodes correlated nearly only with cell enlargement. This study provided new information on the growth responses of A. philoxeroides to heterogeneous submergence environments and deepened our understanding of the growth performance of terrestrial plants in habitats prone to deep floods.
Conformational stability of peroxidase from the latex of Artocarpus lakoocha: influence of pH, chaotropes, and temperature
Authors: Sonkar Kirti Shila , Pachauri Manendra , Kumar Amit , Choudhary Himanshi , Jagannadham Medicherla V.
Published: February 2024

The latex of the medicinal plant Artocarpus lakoocha (A. lakoocha), which has been shown to have potential anti-inflammatory and wound-healing capabilities, contains a novel heme-peroxidase. This protein was subjected to activity assays, fluorescence spectroscopy, and far-UV circular dichroism to investigate its structure, dynamics, and stability. The results demonstrated the presence of three folding states: the native state (N) at neutral pH, intermediate states including molten globule (MG) at pH 2 and acid-unfolded (UA) at pH 1.5 or lower, and acid-refolded (A) at pH 0.5, along with alkaline denatured (UB) at pH 8-12 and the third denatured state (D) at GuHCl concentrations exceeding 5 M. Absorbance studies indicated the presence of loosely associated form of heme in the pH range of 1-2. The protein showed stability and structural integrity across a wide pH range (3-10), temperature (70°C), and high concentrations of GuHCl (5 M) and urea (8 M). This study is the first to report multiple ‘partially folded intermediate states’ of A. lakoocha peroxidase, with varying amounts of secondary structure, stability, and compactness. These results demonstrate the high stability of A. lakoocha peroxidase and its potential for biotechnological and industrial applications, making it a valuable model system for further studies on its structure-function relationship.
Comprehensive quality evaluation of different types of Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi) and Shuizhizi based on LC-MS/MS
Authors: Qian Huimin , Hu Yan , Wang Zhiwei , Ren Aoyu , Zhang Haiwen , Chu Shanshan , Peng Huasheng
Published: February 2024

Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi) serves as both a medicinal and edible substance and finds widespread use in various industries. There are often two kinds of medicinal materials in the market: Zhizi and Shuizhizi. Typically, Zhizi with small, round fruit is used for medicinal purposes, while Shuizhizi, characterized by large, elongated fruit, is employed for dyeing. Market surveys have revealed a diverse range of Zhizi types, and modern research indicates that Shuizhizi contains rich chemical components and pharmacological activities. In this study, we collected 25 batches of Zhizi and Shuizhizi samples, categorizing them based on appearance into obovate and round fruits, with seven length grades (A–G). Using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) method, we simultaneously quantified 13 main chemical components in fruits of Gardenia species. In addition, we compared the weight percentage of the pericarp, flesh, and seeds parts of samples with different traits, and quantified 13 chemical components in different parts. Results indicated that, aside from a few instances of overlapping fruit size ranges, Shuizhizi generally exhibits larger and longer dimensions than Zhizi. The weight proportion of the Shuizhizi pericarp is often higher than that of the Zhizi pericarp. Quantitative results highlighted significant differences in the chemical component content between Zhizi and Shuizhizi, with Shuizhizi generally containing higher levels of iridoids. The PCA and OPLS-DA analysis distinctly divided Shuizhizi and Zhizi, among which three iridoids, two organic acids, and one flavonoid made significant contributions to their classification. Cluster heatmap analysis also demonstrated complete separation between Zhizi and Shuizhizi, with clear distinctions among Zhizi samples from different origins. The distribution of the 13 chemical components in different Zhizi and Shuizhizi parts remained consistent, with iridoids and pigments concentrated in the seeds and flesh, and two organic acids and one flavonoid enriched in the pericarp. In summary, this study contributes valuable insights for classifying Zhizi and offers guidance on the rational use of Shuizhizi and the different parts of Zhizi.
Physical seed dormancy in pea is genetically separable from seed coat thickness and roughness
Authors: Williams Owen R. , Vander Schoor Jacqueline K. , Butler Jakob B. , Hecht Valérie F. G. , Weller James L.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The seeds of wild pea (Pisum) exhibit marked physical dormancy due to impermeability of the seed coat to water, and the loss of this dormancy is thought to have been critical for domestication. Wild pea seed coats are also notably thick and rough, traits that have also reduced during domestication and are anecdotally linked to increased permeability. However, how these traits specifically interact with permeability is unclear.

Methods

To investigate this, we examined the genetic control of differences in seed coat characteristics between wild P. sativum ssp. humile and a non-dormant domesticated P. s. sativum accession in a recombinant inbred population. QTL effects were confirmed and their locations refined in segregating F4/5 populations.

Results

In this population we found a moderate correlation between testa thickness and permeability, and identified loci that affect them independently, suggesting no close functional association. However, the major loci affecting both testa thickness and permeability collocated closely with Mendel’s pigmentation locus A, suggesting flavonoid compounds under its control might contribute significantly to both traits. We also show that seed coat roughness is oligogenic in this population, with the major locus independent of both testa thickness and permeability, suggesting selection for smooth seed was unlikely to be due to effects on either of these traits.

Discussion

Results indicate loss of seed coat dormancy during domestication was not primarily driven by reduced testa thickness or smooth seededness. The close association between major permeability and thickness QTL and Mendel’s 'A' warrant further study, particularly regarding the role of flavonoids.
Characterizing individual differences in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a descriptive study
Authors: Di Vara S. , Guerrera S. , Menghini D. , Scibelli F. , Lupi E. , Valeri G. , Vicari S.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a higher prevalence in male than in female participants. Recent studies have hypothesized the presence of different phenotypes in male and female participants with ASD. The present study aims to assess possible sex differences in cognitive and adaptive functioning, symptomatology of ASD, and psychopathological comorbidities in a large sample of children and adolescents with ASD.

Methods

The study included a total of 2,146 children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD, comprising 1785 boys (mean age 7.12 ± 3.69 years) and 361 girls (mean age 6.25 ± 3.30 years). The age of the participants ranged from 1.35 to 19.05 years (mean age 9.98 ± 3.64). The study sought to include all children and adolescents diagnosed with Autism or ASD.

Results

Present results showed that girls with ASD had lower IQs than boys but similar adaptive functioning. The severity of symptoms of ASD was greater in boys than in girls, as were scores on psychopathological measures. With increasing age, boys with ASD showed greater impairment in social communication skills than girls and increased psychopathological comorbidities. Older girls showed fewer restricted and repetitive behaviors.

Discussion

Exploring phenotypic differences in children and adolescents with ASD fosters an understanding of subtle diagnostic facets that may go unrecognized, allowing for increasingly individualized and tailored interventions.
Interpersonal behaviors in sports context: Spanish adaptation and measurement invariance
Authors: Pineda-Espejel Heriberto Antonio , Morquecho-Sánchez Raquel , Morales-Sánchez Verónica
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The interpersonal behavior questionnaire (IBQ) is an instrument that measures support and thwarting interpersonal behaviors based on the self-determination theory (SDT). The aim of this work was to adapt the IBQ to the Spanish spoken in Mexico and to examine its psychometric properties (structural validity, discriminant validity, composite reliability, factorial invariance, and nomological validity) in a sample of athletes.

Methods

For this purpose, 472 athletes (average age 17.15 years; SD = 1.47) completed a question booklet.

Results and discussion

Confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of six related factors, three factors of behaviors that support autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and three factors of behaviors that thwarting them. The internal consistency of each factor was also supported, as well as the average variance extracted. However, the discriminant validity between the factors of competence and relatedness in their dimensions of support, on the one hand, and thwarting, on the other, is questioned. Factorial invariance was confirmed across gender (men and women) and sport type (individual and team). Nomological validity is in accordance with theory and empirical literature. More studies of the IBQ in sport are necessary to see if these results are a fortuitous product or if they manifest themselves consistently.
The impact of mindfulness on nurses’ perceived professional benefits: the mediating roles of workplace spirituality and work-life balance
Authors: Lin Yapeng , Jiang Changchun , Pan Yujing , Xu Ziqing
Published: February 2024

This study delves into the effects of mindfulness on workplace spirituality, work-life balance, and perceived professional benefits among nurses operating in the high-pressure environments of hospitals in Jiangxi Province, China. Utilizing a robust sample of 303 valid questionnaires and employing partial least squares (PLS) analysis, the research uncovers a significant positive relationship between mindfulness and workplace spirituality. Furthermore, it demonstrates how both workplace spirituality and work-life balance serve as crucial mediators in enhancing nurses’ perception of their professional benefits. The findings illuminate the potential of mindfulness training in substantially elevating job satisfaction and reducing burnout among nurses. The study not only reinforces the value of mindfulness in the healthcare sector but also advocates for its integration into professional development programs and healthcare policies. By doing so, it aims to bolster the overall wellbeing and professional effectiveness of nurses facing the myriad challenges inherent in demanding healthcare environments. This study contributes to the growing discourse on mindfulness in occupational settings, highlighting its pivotal role in enhancing both the personal wellbeing and professional capabilities of healthcare professionals.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on air particulate matter exposure and heart attacks: a 5-year retrospective cohort study in Taiwan (2017–2021)
Authors: Yen Chih-Chien , Hsiao Po-Jen , Chu Chi-Ming , Chen Ping-Ling
Published: February 2024

Background

Heart attacks including acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) caused from the particulate matter (PM) and air pollutant exposures are positively associated with regional air pollution severity and individual exposure. The exceptional coronavirus disease epidemic of 2019 (COVID-19) may enhance the air conditions in areas under COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on air particulate matter (PM) exposure and heart attacks in Taiwan.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was conducted in one teaching hospital in Taichung, Taiwan. We examined emergency patients diagnosed with acute STEMI and ADHF from January 1, 2017, to March 31, 2020, (i.e., before the COVID-19 pandemic) and from April 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021, (after the COVID-19 pandemic). The effects of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) and PM10 as well as temperature and humidity on environmental air pollutants were recorded. The analysis was performed with a unidirectional case-crossover research design and a conditional logistic regression model.

Results

Both PM2.5 and PM10 levels had a positive association with the risk of acute STEMI before the COVID-19 pandemic (PM2.5 adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.016, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003–1.032 and PM10 adjusted OR: 1.009, 95% CI: 1.001–1.018) and ADHF (PM2.5 adjusted OR: 1.046, 95% CI: 1.034–1.067 and PM10 adjusted OR: 1.023, 95% CI: 1.027–1.047). Moreover, the results demonstrated that PM2.5 and PM10 were not associated with the risk of acute STEMI or ADHF after the COVID-19 pandemic. Reduction in PM2.5 and PM10 levels after the COVID-19 pandemic were noted. Hospital admissions for acute STEMI (7.4 and 5.8/per month) and ADHF (9.7 and 8.2/per month) also decreased (21.6 and 15.5%) after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

In Taiwan, paradoxical reductions in PM2.5 and PM10 levels during the COVID-19 pandemic may decrease the number of hospital admissions for acute STEMI and ADHF. As the COVID-19 pandemic eases, the condition of air pollution may gradually become worse again. The governments should formulate better policies to improve the health of the public and the quality of the air.
A drink equals how many cigarettes? Equating mortality risks from alcohol and tobacco use in Canada
Authors: Jaswal Harpreet , Sohi Ivneet , Rehm Jürgen , Churchill Samuel , Sherk Adam , Stockwell Tim , Levesque Christine , Sanger Nitika , Edalati Hanie , Butt Peter R. , Paradis Catherine , Shield Kevin D.
Published: February 2024

Objective

To quantify and communicate risk equivalencies for alcohol-and tobacco-attributable mortality by comparing per standard drinks consumed to per number of cigarettes smoked in Canada.

Methods

Alcohol-and tobacco-attributable premature deaths (≤75 years of age) and years of life lost (YLL) were estimated using a lifetime risk modeling approach. Alcohol-attributable death statistics were obtained from the 2023 Canadian Guidance on Alcohol and Health data source. Tobacco-attributable death statistics were derived from the Mortality Population Risk Tool (MPoRT) model.

Results

The risk of alcohol use on premature death and YLL increased non-linearly with the number of drinks consumed, while the risk for tobacco use on these two measures increased linearly with the number of cigarettes smoked. Males who consumed 5 drinks/day—a standard drink contains 13.45 grams of alcohol in Canada—had an equivalent risk as smoking 4.9 cigarettes/day (when modeling for premature death) and 5.1 cigarettes/day (when modeling for YLL). Females who consumed 5 drinks/day experienced an equivalent risk as smoking 4.2 cigarettes/day for premature deaths and YLL. At all levels of alcohol consumption females and males who consumed <5 drinks/day have less risks from consuming a standard drink than from smoking a cigarette. For males who consumed 5 drinks/day, the increased risks of death from per drink consumed and per cigarette smoked were equal.

Conclusion

Risk equivalencies comparing alcohol use to tobacco use could help people who drink improve their knowledge and understanding of the mortality risks associated with increased number of drinks consumed per day.
The serodiagnositic value of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens in antibody detection using luciferase immunosorbent assay
Authors: Pang Yulian , Shui Jingwei , Li Changchang , Li Yongzhi , Chen Hongliang , Tang Shixing
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Among the different antigens used in the detection of anti-Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies, significant differences in sensitivity and specificity have been observed. Further evaluation of C. trachomatis antigens in antibody detection is urgently needed for the development and application of C. trachomatis serologic assays.

Methods

Chlamydia trachomatis antigens Pgp3, TmeA, InaC, and HSP60 were selected and used in luciferase immunosorbent assay (LISA). The detection results obtained from well-defined C. trachomatis positive and negative samples were compared with the commercial C. trachomatis ELISA (Mikrogen) for performance evaluation.

Results

Pgp3, TmeA, InaC, and HSP60-based LISA showed sensitivity of 92.8, 88.8, 90.4, and 94.4%, and specificity of 99.2, 99.2, 99.2, and 92%, respectively. ROC analysis indicated that Pgp3-based LISA showed similar performance to Mikrogen ELISA (AUC 0.986 vs. 0.993, p = 0.207). Furthermore, four C. trachomatis antigens achieved strong diagnostic efficiency, i.e., positive likelihood ratios [+LR] ≥ 10 in C. trachomatis-infected women and negative likelihood ratios [−LR] ≤ 0.1 in C. trachomatis negative low exposure risk children, but only Pgp3 and TmeA showed strong diagnostic value in general adults. In addition, Pgp3, TmeA, and InaC, but not HSP60, achieved high performance, i.e., both positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) ≥ 90.9%, and showed no significant cross-reactivity with anti-Chlamydiapneumoniae.

Conclusion

Three C. trachomatis species-specific antigens Pgp3, TmeA, and InaC show superior performance in the detection of anti-C. trachomatis antibody, indicating the potential to be used in developing C. trachomatis serologic tests.
Through the looking glass: empowering youth community advisory boards in Tanzania as a sustainable youth engagement model to inform policy and practice
Authors: Chow Dana Wai Shin , Goi Angelina , Salm Maeve F. , Kupewa Juma , Mollel Getrud , Mninda Yassin , Ambonisye Judith , Malongo Alan , Ketang’enyi Eunice , Sanga Erica , Ngowi Happyness , William Robert , Msuya Emanueli , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Mpili Amos , Dow Dorothy E.
Published: February 2024

More young people are living in the world than ever before, 90% of whom reside in low and middle income countries (LMICs). To address their needs, it is critical to have sustainable youth engagement when determining policy and to advance effective implementation of youth-focused interventions. Youth Community Advisory Boards (CABs) are a sustainable mechanism to achieve this goal. This paper describes engagement with youth CAB members across four locations in Tanzania. To set youth CAB meeting agendas and priorities, we asked youth CAB members to write (using free text) the top five challenges faced by young people in their communities (highest to lower priority). The Google Forms survey link was presented at the May 2023 youth CAB meeting and disseminated through WhatsApp. The survey was completed by smartphone, tablet, or paper provided to the youth liaison for data entry. Results were translated from Swahili to English and coded using excel. Findings were then presented back to the youth CABs at the September 2023 meeting. At that meeting, youth CAB members were then asked to write (free text) potential solutions to the most commonly described challenges. The surveys had response rates of 90% (84/93) for challenges and 78% (71/93) for solutions. The number one reported challenge was unemployment and financial instability (45%). Gender based violence (13%), sexual reproductive health issues (8%), and alcohol and drug use (8%) were in the top four both by priority and frequency of report. Other important challenges included physical and mental health, malnutrition, relationships, education, and societal and environmental norms, among others. Solutions included job creation, improved education, expanded legal systems, youth-friendly health care services, and increased social support through peer networks and community support. The National Accelerated Action and Investment Agenda for Adolescent Health and Wellbeing (NAIA-AHW) 2021/22-2024/25 includes most, but not all, of these top challenges and solutions. Ensuring young people have a seat at the policy table is critical to effective youth-empowerment in health and other related programs. Including a youth CAB member to represent this collective in youth-related government activities is a sustainable model to achieve this goal.
Evaluating injuries and illnesses that occurred during the Yukon Quest International sled dog race, 2018–2020
Authors: Hattendorf Jenna C. , Davis Michael S. , Hansen Cristina M.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate medical record data from the 2018–2020 Yukon Quest International Sled Dog race to examine injury patterns and risk factors for dogs competing in multi-day ultra-endurance events. Specifically, we summarized injuries and illnesses that resulted in canine athletes being removed (“dropped”) from competition, and in orthopedic injuries diagnosed in both dropped and finished dogs.

Methods

The records of 989 dogs that started the race were examined, but only records from dogs in teams that went on to finish the race were included, for a total of 711 records.

Results and discussion

Three hundred and sixty five dogs (51.3%) were noted to have at least one abnormal finding in their veterinary medical record during the race. Orthopedic injuries were most common, and 291 injuries were ultimately diagnosed in 234 dogs (32.9%). Ultimately, 206 dogs (29%) were dropped from competition, for any reason. The most common reasons for dropping dogs were orthopedic injuries (156 dogs; 188 injuries), gastrointestinal illness (22 dogs), and cardiorespiratory disease (7 dogs). Most orthopedic injuries in dropped dogs occurred in the thoracic limb (n = 121 dogs; 151 injuries). Of those, injuries to the shoulder were most common (n = 77), followed by injuries to the carpus (n = 59), and injury to the pelvic limb (n = 32). Carpal injuries were the most prevalent injury diagnosed in dogs that went on to finish the race (71 of 85 injuries). Carpal injuries were the most prevalent injuries overall in 2018 (51%) and 2019 (52%). In 2020, shoulder injuries were most prevalent (27%), suggesting that trail conditions may have differed between years. The majority of dogs with an orthopedic injury ultimately were removed from competition (156 of 234, or 66.6%), but the likelihood of finishing the race with an injury depended on the type of injury sustained; 71 of 130 dogs (54.6%) with a carpal injury went on to finish the race, whereas only 9 of 86 dogs with a shoulder injury (10.5%) went on to finish. The results of this study can assist mushers and veterinarians in preparing for races, and in decision making during endurance sled dog races.
Development of a Hydraulic Actuator for MRI- and Radiation-Compatible Medical Applications
Authors: Mühlenhoff Julian , Radler Oliver , Sattel Thomas
Published: February 2024

This paper presents methods for the actuation, measurement, and control of a magnetic resonance imaging- and radiation-compatible single-axis translatory actuation system. As an exemplary demanding use case, the axis is developed for a robotic phantom for evaluating emitted radiation doses of radiotherapy devices. For this, the robot has to follow given three-dimensional trajectories of patients’ movements with an accuracy of 200 µm. For enabling use of magnetic resonance imaging, actuation of the robot is realized by hydraulic transmission without any metal parts or electrical components at the imaging side. The hydraulic axis is developed, built-up, and tested. In order to compensate for deviations from the targeted actuation trajectory resulting from tolerances, friction, and non-linearities in the system, a combination of photogrammetric measurement and iterative learning control is applied. The developed photogrammetric system is capable of determining the robot’s position with systematic errors of 35 µm and stochastic errors of 0.3 µm. Different types of iterative learning control methods are applied, parameterized, and tested. With this, the hydraulically actuated axis is able to follow given trajectories with maximum errors below 130 µm.
Hovering Flight of a Robotic Hummingbird: Dynamic Observer and Flight Tests
Authors: Wang Han , Farid Yousef , Wang Liang , Garone Emanuele , Preumont André
Published: February 2024

The paper reports on flight tests at hovering of the COLIBRI robot. After a short review of the control model and the stabilization strategy, two different approaches are considered for the attitude reconstruction from the MEMS Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU): the complementary filter and the full-state dynamic observer, implemented in a specially designed flight control board. It is shown that both strategies provide adequate stabilization at hovering in spite of the strong vibration excitation resulting from the flapping of the wings. Moreover, it is shown that the residual wandering due to noise, robot imperfection, etc., can be significantly reduced by a cascade control loop based on the axial and lateral velocities reconstructed by the full-state observer. Experiments show that this approach based on onboard measurements allows for a station keeping as good as that obtained with velocities reconstructed from an external tracking system. The paper also reports endurance tests conducted with two different robot configurations; the maximum flight time observed is 4 min 30 s.
Can Pressure Data from Wearable Insole Devices Be Utilized to Estimate Low Back Moments for Exoskeleton Control System?
Authors: Chae Seungheon , Choi Ahnryul , Kang Jeehae , Mun Joung Hwan
Published: February 2024

This study presents a machine learning model for predicting lumbar spine moments using data from low-cost sensors, with the ultimate aim of developing a control strategy for waist-active exoskeleton devices. The limitation of sparse features in low-cost insoles was addressed by leveraging a source model constructed based on data acquired from the high-precision Pedar-X device, employing a transfer learning technique. The model’s performance saw significant improvement through a training approach that incorporated high-precision commercial insole data and fine-tuning with low-cost insole data. In comparison to the conventional model, this method resulted in a noteworthy 7% enhancement in performance, achieving an rRMSE of approximately 12% and a correlation coefficient of 0.9 in lumbar joint moment prediction. If the model can demonstrate real-time efficacy and effectiveness across various operations in future applications, it holds substantial potential for deployment as an active exoskeleton device for the waist.
Hospitality Environmental Indicators Enhancing Tourism Destination Sustainable Management
Authors: Campos Filipa , Gomes Conceição , Malheiros Cátia , Lima Santos Luís
Published: February 2024

Environmental aspects are considered a specific process that requires a multidisciplinary analysis, as the application of indicators in organizations stems from effective performance management; the tourism sector is no exception. In 2015, the United Nations formulated 17 sustainable development goals to contribute to a common vision for people and the planet. The main objective of this study is to propose a framework of science-based environmental sustainability indicators for the hospitality industry, which can be used by hotel managers to improve the efficiency of sustainable management of tourism destinations. This study used a mixed methodology of systematic review and content analysis, which is an innovative methodological approach; an in-depth analysis of various scientific articles, consultancy firms’ websites, and technical books was carried out. The results categorized the environmental indicators into four domains: water, energy, waste, and emissions. After a framework was established with 24 environmental indicators, the most relevant were water consumption per guest, water consumption per occupied room, and energy consumption per square meter/foot. However, there were disparities in the use of indicators between the scientific literature, consultancy firms, and the technical books. In this way, there is a need to create stronger relationships between these sources for effective adoption by hoteliers, allowing for adequate environmental indicators with positive impacts on the tourism destination management.
Maneuvering Decision Making Based on Cloud Modeling Algorithm for UAV Evasion–Pursuit Game
Authors: Huang Hanqiao , Weng Weiye , Zhou Huan , Jiang Zijian , Dong Yue
Published: February 2024

When facing problems in the aerial pursuit game, most of the current unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have good maneuverability performance, but it is difficult to utilize the overload maneuverability of UAVs properly; further, UAVs tend to be more costly, and it is often difficult to effectively prevent the enemy from reaching the tailgating position behind the UAV in the aerial pursuit game. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a maneuvering algorithm that can effectively allow a UAV to quickly protect itself in a disadvantageous position, stably and effectively select a maneuver with the maneuvering algorithm, and stably and effectively establish an advantage by moving to an advantageous position. Therefore, this paper establishes a cloud model-based UAV-maneuvering aerial pursuit decision-making model based on pursuit-and-evasion game positions. Based on the evaluation of the latter, when the UAV is at a disadvantage, we use the constructed defensive maneuver expert pool to abandon the disadvantageous position. When the UAV is at an advantage, we use cloud model-based pursuit-and-evasion game maneuvering decision making to establish an advantageous position. According to the results of the simulation examples, the maneuvering decision-making method designed in this paper confirms that the UAV can quickly abandon its position and establish an advantage in case of parity or disadvantage and that it can also stably establish a tail-chasing position in case of advantage.
Determination of Ellipsoidal Seed–Soil Interaction Parameters for DEM Simulation
Authors: Xu Tianyue , Fu Hao , Yu Jianqun , Li Chunrong , Wang Jingli , Zhang Ruxin
Published: February 2024

During precision sowing, the contact process between the soil and seeds cannot be ignored. The constitutive relationship of soil is relatively complex, with characteristics such as high nonlinearity, while the contact mechanism between the soil and seeds is unclear. To better understand the contact between seeds and soil, it is necessary to establish a reasonable contact model. Ellipsoidal seeds, such as soybean, red bean, and kidney bean seeds, were adopted as research objects. In this paper, we used the discrete element method to establish an ellipsoidal seed–soil contact model. The JKR + bonding model was adopted for describing the adhesion between soil particles, and the Hertz–Mindlin new restitution (HMNS) model was used for ellipsoidal seed particles to eliminate the multiple contact point issue when modeling with the multi-sphere filling method. Moreover, both simulations and experiments were conducted to calibrate the interaction parameters between soil and seeds. The path of steepest ascent test and Box‒Behnken design (BBD) tests were also used, as well as direct shear tests. Thus, certain soil parameter values were obtained, namely the JKR surface energy was 4.436 J/m2, the normal stiffness per unit area was 2.86 × 106 N/m3, the shear stiffness per unit area was 5.54 × 105 N/m3, the critical normal stress was 1833 Pa, and the critical shear stress was 3332 Pa. In addition, the simulation parameters for ellipsoidal seeds were obtained from previous works. Moreover, to obtain more accurate ellipsoidal seed–soil interaction parameters, collision tests, static friction tests, and rolling friction tests were adopted. A single-factor test was used to calibrate the ellipsoidal seed–soil interaction parameters. The calibration results were as follows: the collision restitution coefficients of ellipsoidal seeds with soil were all 0.25. The static friction coefficient of soybeans with soil was 0.6, that of red beans with soil was 0.65, and that of kidney beans with soil was 0.5. The rolling friction coefficient of soybeans with soil was 0.1, that of red beans with soil was 0.14, and that of kidney beans with soil was 0.14. Finally, the rationality of parameter selection was verified through piling tests between ellipsoidal seeds and soil. The relative error of the angle of repose of soybean/soil was 2.99%, that of red bean/soil was 0.60%, and that of kidney bean/soil was 0.55%. Thus, the feasibility and rationality of the contact models between the ellipsoidal seeds and soil established in this paper, as well as the parameter selection, were verified.
Infection Biology of Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum in Watermelon and Defence Responses in the Host
Authors: Nga Nguyen Thi Thu , de Neergaard Eigil , Jørgensen Hans Jørgen Lyngs
Published: February 2024

Infection biology and defence responses of watermelon attacked by Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (syn. Didymella bryoniae) were studied in two genotypes, accessions PI189225 (moderately resistant) and 232-0125/B (susceptible). On intact leaf surfaces, spores started to germinate 14 h after inoculation (hai) with one to three germ tubes, which subsequently developed and formed appressoria. Invasion of the host tissue started at 20 hai by direct penetration from appressoria or occasionally indirectly through stomata. In the susceptible accession, a significantly higher number of direct penetrations were observed than in the moderately resistant. After invasion, hyphal colonisation was restricted in the intercellular spaces in the moderately resistant accession, whereas they developed extensively, causing tissue decay, in the susceptible accession. Macroscopic symptoms were seen in leaves of the moderately resistant accession as small and dry lesions, whereas big, water-soaked lesions developed on the susceptible accession within 48 hai. Investigations of the defence responses of the two accessions showed accumulation of H2O2 at penetration sites beneath appressoria in the moderately resistant, but to a lesser extent in the susceptible accession. Such H2O2 accumulation correlated with a reduction in penetration frequency and a lower level of hyphal growth after infection in the moderately resistant accession. There was a rapid and early increase in total peroxidase as well as β-1,3-glucanase activity in the moderately resistant compared to the susceptible accession. These results indicate that fungal penetration and development in watermelon are inhibited by a consorted action of different responses including accumulation of H2O2, peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase.
Microbial Nutrient Limitation of Different Tea Cultivars: Evidence from Five Representative Cultivars
Authors: Yuan Shijie , Shen Chengwen , Gao Kun , Feng Shuzhen , Li Dejun , Hu Qiulong , Liu Yu , Luo Ze
Published: February 2024

Soil microbial activity is generally limited by the availability of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), or phosphorus (P) in agricultural ecosystems. Soil ecoenzymatic activity (EEA), ecoenzymatic stoichiometry (EES), and vector characteristics were examined to assess microbial nutrient limitation. Investigating soil microbial nutrient limitation can provide insight into nutrient cycling in tea plantations with different tea cultivars. However, the dynamics of different tea cultivars on soil microbial nutrient limitations and their effect on tea quality remains poor. To address this issue, soil and plant samples were collected from a tea plantation cultivating five representative tea cultivars in Hunan Province, China. Baojing Huangjincha No. 1 (HJC1) and Huangjincha No. 2 (HJC2) were the extra early-sprouting cultivars, Zhuyeqi (ZYQ) and Zijuan (ZJ) were the middle-sprouting cultivars, and Zhenghedabai (ZHDB) was the late-sprouting cultivar, respectively. The results indicated that differences in EEA and EES were significant among five treatments. Notably, ZYQ and ZJ exhibited markedly lower activities of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) acquiring enzymes compared to HJC1 and HJC2, whereas ZHDB showed significantly higher ecoenzymatic activities. Despite a general limitation in C and P for soil microorganisms across all cultivars (VL ranging from 1.42 to 1.59 and VA ranging from 58.70° to 62.66°), the degree of microbial nutrient limitation varied. Specifically, ZYQ experienced a pronounced P limitation (VA = 62.66°, N:P enzyme = 0.52), as evidenced by increased vector angles and decreased N:P enzyme values. Although C limitation was most pronounced in ZYQ (VL = 1.59), it did not significantly differ among the cultivars. These findings suggest that tea cultivars can influence the P limitation of microbial communities. Further analysis revealed that microbial nutrient limitations might adversely affect tea quality via impeding enzyme secretion. This study highlights the critical role of nutrient cycling within the soil-microorganism-plant ecosystem and emphasizes the influence of soil microbial nutrient limitations on tea quality within tea plantations. It is recommended that in the management of tea plantation fertilization, managers need to consider the influence of cultivars and develop specialized cultivar fertilizers.
The Mangrove Swamp Rice Production System of Guinea Bissau: Identification of the Main Constraints Associated with Soil Salinity and Rainfall Variability
Authors: Garbanzo Gabriel , Cameira Maria , Paredes Paula
Published: February 2024

Mangrove swamp rice production (MSRP) refers to rice cultivation in former mangrove soils that have been anthropogenically modified for food production. The method utilizes the largest possible storage of fresh water to desalinate the soils and make them productive. However, temporal variability in rainfall patterns causes loss of efficiency in production, impacting crop growth and reducing productivity. To improve MSRP, it is necessary to identify the primary constraints associated with salinity, enhancing and maximizing freshwater storage efficiency and water productivity. This study provides a general description of the MSRP system in both the northern and southern regions of Guinea-Bissau, aiming at the identification of the main water management limitations. The description involves the use of typologies and the identification of zones with specific characteristics within the paddies. Furthermore, this review includes an analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of soils in relation to salinity issues, descriptions of agronomic management, rice varieties, and the significance of managing dikes and bunds to improve mangrove swamp rice water management. This study shows how the MSRPS is characterized by dynamism and complexity, involving a wide range of constraints associated with salinity features, cultural influences, and microclimatic conditions that are subject to temporal variations.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Endosperm Composition and Eating Quality of Rice Varieties with Different Protein Components
Authors: Ma Zhaohui , Zhu Ziye , Song Wenwen , Luo Dan , Cheng Haitao , Wang Xianju , Lyu Wenyan
Published: February 2024

Nitrogen fertilizer affects rice endosperm protein, which in turn affects rice taste. However, study of nitrogen regulation of protein components is not sufficient. To clarify the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on rice protein components and related traits, we used two high albumin content and two low glutelin content rice varieties as test materials and analyzed the relationship between protein components and rice eating quality. The results showed that nitrogen application significantly affected prolamine and glutelin contents; moreover, a relationship was observed between variety and fertilization level. The protein components of the low glutelin content rice varieties were sensitive to nitrogen treatment; the albumin and globulin contents increased, whereas the prolamine and glutelin contents decreased following treatment with medium level nitrogen. Nitrogen treatment also significantly affected the apparent amylose content (AAC) of varieties except Yinguang. The eating characteristics of the high albumin content varieties differed significantly among nitrogen treatments, and the two varieties tasted better following treatment with high concentrations of nitrogen. In conclusion, the short chain of amylopectin in the endosperm had a greater direct effect on taste, but the effect was opposite in the two varieties. Furthermore, globulin was found to affect the taste of low glutelin content varieties.
Assessment of Drought Responses of Wild Soybean Accessions at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Nguyen Thi Cuc , Jo Hyun , Tran Hai Anh , Lee Jinwon , Lee Jeong-Dong , Kim Jeong Hoe , Seo Hak Soo , Song Jong Tae
Published: February 2024

Drought is a significant abiotic stress that limits crop production. Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are regarded as drought-sensitive. In the present study, the drought responses of wild soybean accessions were evaluated at different growth stages. Based on the leaf wilting index of 411 accessions at the vegetative stage, seven highly tolerant (HT) and 24 tolerant (T) accessions were identified, although most wild soybeans were classified as moderate (M), sensitive (S), and highly sensitive (HS) genotypes. In addition, with selected wild soybeans, stomatal density decreased in HT accessions but increased in HS accessions under drought conditions at the vegetative stage. However, for cultivated soybeans, the stomatal density of the drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive were not significantly different between the two conditions. The expression levels of drought-related transcriptional factors indicated that the HT genotype showed a higher expression level of drought-related genes than that of the HS genotype at the vegetative stage. At the reproductive stages, 12 wild soybeans randomly selected from HT, T, S, and HS based on assessment at the vegetative stage showed consistent drought responses with seed yield, root development, and water status. However, the extent of the detrimental effect of drought on the germination rates and root length of 165 wild soybeans at the germination stage varied depending on the genotype, indicating that there may not be a robust correlation between phenotypic measurements at the germination stage and drought-related assessments at the two growth stages. The information from this study can provide useful breeding materials for the development of drought-tolerant cultivars from wild soybeans.
Boron Nutrition in Coffee Improves Drought Stress Resistance and, Together with Calcium, Improves Long-Term Productivity and Seed Composition
Authors: Ramirez-Builes Victor Hugo , Küsters Jürgen , Thiele Ellen , Leal-Varon Luis Alfredo
Published: February 2024

Coffee production around the world is under threat due to climate variability and change, and drought stress will increase in many coffee regions; nutrient management practices can enhance the adaptation capacity of coffee production. Considering that coffee is a crop sensitive to boron (B) deficiency, this research investigated how B nutrition improves resistance to drought stress in coffee under controlled conditions as well as how the interaction with calcium (Ca2+) influences productivity, seed composition, and soil fertility during a production cycle of 5 years. Under controlled conditions for seven months, coffee plants were submitted to water stress with and without B nutrition. In the field, the coffee plantation was exposed to two B rates (0.6 and 1.1 kg.ha−1-year−1) with a fixed calcium (Ca2+) rate and a control without Ca2+ and B. After 9 months of growth and seven months of water deficit, under controlled conditions, the application of B significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the negative effect of water stress on coffee growth. Under field conditions, after a production cycle of 5 years, the application of 0.6 kg B and 77 kg CaO. ha−1.year−1 yielded 14% more than the control without B and Ca2+. An increase in the B rate to 1.1 kg.ha−1.year−1 with the same Ca2+ rate increased the productivity significantly (p < 0.05) by 37% compared to the control. The B application also improved significantly (p < 0.05) the B content in the soil at 0–30 cm. The B treatments influenced the biochemical composition of the green coffee beans, with a significant (p < 0.05) inverse correlation between the B content of the green coffee beans and caffeine and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), mainly, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, which are considered negative descriptors of the coffee quality.