bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL MONUMENTALIZADO: a experiência cultural dos homens é (i)material
Authors: Silva Margarida Do Amaral
Published: June 2014

Tal texto será expoente de algumas pontuações sobre o processo de guarda dos “testemunhos” culturais da humanidade, considerando o complexo sistema de representações que fornecem significado (i)material a esses patrimônios que – por sua monumentalidade – são capazes de evocar o passado, (re)significando-o ‘a cada leitura humana’. O patrimônio cultural, assim, associado à memória e por vezes alicerçado na matéria, será o elemento norteador desta pauta, construída no seio de um momento histórico de profundas transformações ‘conceptivas’, em particular, na acepção de patrimônio cultural e a sua natureza (i)materialidade - guardiã cultural tangível e intangível da identidade e memória dos povos – que ampara os registros das relações tecidas entre os seres humanos enquanto produtores/portadores de signos sociais. Por essa via, então, são utilizados referenciais teórico-científicos que dimensionam as considerações textuais à luz de reflexões antropológicas e arqueológicas, para que seja vislumbrado o patrimônio, e sua monumentalidade, pela legitimação reflexiva de sua configuração sócio-histórica.
O MATERIAL DIDÁTICO NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Lobato Iolene Mesquita
Published: June 2014

O presente trabalho visa discutir a importância do material didático na Educação a Distância (EaD), focalizando suas particularidades e perspectivas e, ainda, analisar o processo avaliativo, no contexto dos cursos on-line. Portanto, ao se ter como objetivo principal, também, a análise do processo de construção do conteúdo didático e avaliativo, no contexto dos cursos a distância, faz-se necessário o vislumbramento da funcionalidade dos ícones e das imagens disponibilizadas em tais ambientes virtuais
UMA VISÃO DO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO POR LICENCIADOS EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA.
Authors: Lopes Chaysther Andrade
Published: June 2014

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como o estágio é visto pelo professor licenciado de Educação Física. A pesquisa tem um referencial crítico-dialético e foi realizada com seis professores de Educação Física que exercem a docência na educação básica e se formaram em uma mesma instituição de ensino superior do interior de Goiás, sendo cinco do sexo feminino e um do sexo masculino. A entrevista semi-estruturada foi utilizada para a coleta dos dados. A análise teve caráter qualitativo centrando-se em uma análise temática de conteúdo. Após a realização das entrevistas, foram definidas três categorias. Na primeira (a relevância do estágio) é evidenciada a relevância do estágio para os professores. A segunda (dificuldades no estágio) dividiu-se em três subcategorias: falta de supervisão, que foi marcante no estágio de todos os participantes da pesquisa; a curta duração do estágio e o distanciamento entre teoria e prática no estágio. Na terceira categoria (sugestões dos professores acerca do estágio) os professores apontaram caminhos para superar as dificuldades que encontraram, como, por exemplo, uma maior duração para o estágio, para que fosse de fato supervisionado e mais bem conduzido. De acordo com os resultados, os professores vêem o estágio como essencial à formação docente. Além disso, a pesquisa apontou algumas dificuldades quanto à organização e à relação teoria–prática no estágio.Palavras-chave: estágio; formação docente; currículo; educação física; relação teoria–prática.
A AVALIAÇÃO ESCOLAR: INTENCIONALIDADE, FORMAS E INSTRUMENTOS
Authors: Assis Renata Machado de , Fernandes Renata Gomes de Souza
Published: June 2014

Resumo: A partir da relevância de se considerar a avaliação escolar como uma ferramenta muito importante na prática docente, tivemos o interesse em publicar este texto, que se constitui uma fração da pesquisa realizada no ano de 2008. Entende-se que a avaliação escolar deva ser dimensionada, tanto para o professor como para o aluno, como um recurso auxiliar
no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Compreendemos que se faz necessário uma constante busca de novas pesquisas e trabalhos que abordem a avaliação pelos professores de todas as áreas, e a atualização é primordial para que possamos promover uma avaliação justa e condizente com os novos avanços desta temática em âmbito escolar, respeitando as
especificidades contextuais. É necessário que o docente busque respaldo teórico-prático para subsidiá-lo nos processos avaliativos, e que haja empenho em sua formação inicial e continuada, no sentido de propiciar espaços de reflexão, de discussão e de crescimento
profissional.
SABER SOCIAL e RURALIDADES: um olhar sobre o papel da mulher
Authors: Santos Silva Halline Mariana , Da Silva Igor José
Published: June 2014

O presente estudo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre os atores do meio rural e a
produção de sentido de novas ruralidades, no contexto de modernização, na região do sudoeste
goiano, tendo como pano de fundo o papel da mulher nesse processo. Neste trabalho buscou-se
destacar o papel que as mulheres têm desempenhado na (re) construção das ruralidades e se, nos espaços sociais rurais pode ser percebidas formas de resistência à “modernização”.
A INTERAÇÃO VERBAL NA AULA DE PORTUGUÊS: O EXERCÍCIO DA LINGUAGEM NA SALA DE AULA
Authors: Silva Sílvio Ribeiro da
Published: June 2014

Contando com o apoio teórico da concepção dialógico-discursiva de interação, pretendo, neste artigo, mostrar parte do que os alunos de uma série do Ensino Fundamental (4º ciclo) se apropriam da interação verbal entre eles e a professora numa aula de redação. Minha intenção é observar se, no texto escrito, é possível perceber marcas da interação verbal ocorrida entre os alunos e a professora, observando de que forma ela encaminha a interação verbal. A hipótese com a qual trabalho é a de que os alunos se apropriam do que foi enunciado durante a interação verbal ocorrida com a professora e que isso será mostrado no texto escrito. Minha preocupação com a interação na aula de Português vai ao encontro das palavras de Moita Lopes (1996), quem diz que na interação se aprende ou se constrói o conhecimento de uma maneira mais eficaz, pois a colaboração dinamiza a aprendizagem e favorece a mudança.
DO MÉTODO DO CONHECIMENTO CALCULADO AS COMPETÊNCIAS E REPRESENTAÇÕES DO TRABALHO DOCENTE
Authors: Medeiros Enderson , Magalhães Sônia Maria de
Published: June 2014

Discute e critica as práticas discursivas da representação do trabalho docente abordando sua construção dentro do espaço acadêmico. Destaca os procedimentos desta construção como resultado do que se denomina método do conhecimento calculado e ressalta a dinâmica do ensino e aprendizagem no âmbito das competências. Reflete questões de disciplina e ensino de história fazendo uma abordagem direta com a produção científica enumerando critérios que determinam o excesso de práticas discursivas provocados diretamente pela ditadura produtivista do academicismo. Acrescenta que as práticas discursivas estão mais ligadas a um sentimento de pesquisa e mérito cientifico do que ações propriamente efetivas, e que toda representação do trabalho docente esta amarrada num processo produtivo de cadeias científicas que resume o método do conhecimento calculado. Finaliza, enfatizando a necessidade de uma simetria eficaz entre o discurso e prática que seja capaz de ensejar que o reconhecimento da representação do trabalho docente não esteja na pobreza do discurso, mas na riqueza das práticas.
APARÊNCIA E ESSÊNCIA: DA ALIENAÇÃO AO FETICHE
Authors: Oliveira Lima Laís Leni
Published: June 2014

Um suposto fundamental à proposta do método em Marx é a compreensão de que as coisas constituem-se de contradições e forças contrárias, constantes movimentos e transformações, relações e inter-relações com diferentes fenômenos na construção da totalidade, e essa compreensão não é tarefa fácil de ser entendida. Nesse texto procurarei compreender a diferença entre a manifestação das coisas tal como aparecem e sua constituição na realidade, isto é, a diferença existente entre aparência e essência e compreender também a des(naturalização) da realidade, como Marx afirma “Os homens fazem sua própria história, mas não a fazem como querem; não a fazem sob circunstância de sua escolha e sim sob aquelas com que se defrontam diretamente, legadas e transmitidas pelo passado” (1978, p.17). Ao construir um sistema explicativo da história e da sociedade, Marx estabelece bases metodológicas e princípios epistemológicos para orientar seu método, nesse sentido, é preciso um pensamento que se proponha operar como esclarecimento da realidade, visto que a verdade como está constituída não é transparente. A realidade tal qual se apresenta em sua aparência não descortina e não apreende suas dimensões, pois a forma como ela se produz não é transparente. Como afirma Ianni (1985), é na análise de Marx que o capitalismo se torna transparente, desde as figurações da mercadoria às relações entre as pessoas, desde os encadeamentos entre a sociedade e o Estado às contradições de classes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a essência e a aparência da realidade. Analisa-se, também, a diferenciação entre ciência e ideologia para a compreensão do método em Marx. Em seguida, demonstram-se as diferentes formas da alienação velar a realidade.

Palavras-chave: Aparência, essência e totalidade.
A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NA FORMAÇÃO DOS ALUNOS DO CURSO DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DO CAJ/UFG
Authors: Assis Renata Machado , Bonifácio Naiêssa Araújo
Published: June 2014

Este artigo visa divulgar uma pesquisa realizada no curso de Educação Física do Campus Jataí da Universidade Federal de Goiás (CAJ/UFG), que teve como objetivo investigar como se encontrava a produção científica dos 111 alunos matriculados regularmente no ano de 2006. A metodologia adotada foi pesquisa qualitativa-descritiva e os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: questionário, entrevista e análise documental. Foi possível perceber, a partir das informações encontradas na realidade investigada, que a produção científica por parte dos acadêmicos de Educação Física ainda é restrita e origina-se, predominantemente, das experiências em projetos de extensão, seguidas pelas situações de pesquisa e, em grau que podemos considerar insuficiente, pelo ensino, considerando-se a quantidade de disciplinas cursadas. A justificativa para esta situação, a partir da opinião dos sujeitos, é de que há pouco incentivo por parte dos professores, existe a falta de interesse dos próprios alunos, falta de tempo e precariedade de estrutura física da faculdade e poucas bolsas disponíveis para os projetos. A produção científica na licenciatura é um ponto que requer especial atenção, pois pode contribuir em grande escala na formação do professor pesquisador.

Palavras- chave: universidade, produção científica, formação.
REFORMA AGRÁRIA NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Costa Mainara , Ribas Moragas Rosana Alves , Da Silva Francis Borges
Published: June 2014

Reforma agrária é considerada uma mudança do estado agrário vigente, procurando-se o melhoramento das condições de vida da população rural. O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão de como a temática Reforma Agrária está sendo abordada nos livros didáticos de Geografia, partindo do pressuposto de que a reforma agrária é a modificação da estrutura agrária de um país ou região, com vista a uma distribuição mais igualitária da terra para a população. A análise feita em alguns livros didáticos mostra que o tema precisa ser mais discutido e mesmo melhor explorado em relação ao papel da Geografia, dando uma ênfase mais crítica e mais extensa em relação à temática proposta. Verifica-se que os temas são abordados em todos os livros pesquisados, porém de forma muito conceitual e sintetizada, não provocando nos alunos o interesse em discutir o assunto. Outros aspectos pouco abordados são os processos de estruturação dos assentamentos, que é um aspecto posterior e que dá continuidade ao processo de reforma agrária, e a importância da criação e manutenção de propriedades de agricultura familiar.

Palavras-Chave: Reforma Agrária, livro didático, concentração fundiária, capitalismo, geografia agrária.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA EDUCAÇÃO PARA A PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS
Authors: Nunes Assis Flávia Cristina , Lima Cláudia Regina Costa , Souza Jéssica Yonara , Ribeiro Sandra Aparecida Benite
Published: June 2014

Desde os tempos remotos acredita-se que o pensamento educacional seja de grande importância nos diversos setores da sociedade, sendo alvo de constante reflexão de estudiosos da área. O pensamento educacional na saúde foi proposto tardiamente embora a populaçao carecesse de idéias e açoes que visassem educar para previnir, buscando uma melhora na qualidade de vida da população, pois muitas doenças eram adquiridas por falta de informação. No século XX a população era alvo de epidemias como por exemplo febre amarela e varíola o que despertou a preocupaçao dos profissionais de saúde e da classe governamental, fazendo com que nomes como Oswaldo Cruz tivessem sua importância neste contexto. Propostas educacionais em que profissionais de saúde ouvem e educam pequenos grupos de pessoas são uma opçao para o desenvolvimento dessas políticas educacionais, supostamente esses profissionais são os mais indicados para tais atividades educacionais pois são os maiores portadores dos conhecimentos práticos e da realidade da saúde, podendo esclarecer e orientar da melhor maneira a população que carece desse sistema educacional, porém uma dificuldade vêm sendo encontrada para essa prática pois esses profissionais apresentam uma carência na didática.
The effect of ewes relocation on milk composition and milk flow kinetics
Authors: Jackuliaková Lucia , Tančin Vladimí­r , Uhrinčať Michal , Mačuhová Lucia , Antonič Ján , Oravcová Marta , Sláma Petr
Published: June 2014

The investigation of an influence of ewes relocation and milking in other parlour (treatment) on milk flow kinetics, milkability and milk composition was the aim of this study. In total 34 ewes of two breeds and crosbreeds Tsigai (14 heads) and Improved Valachian (20 heads) with Lacaune were tested. Two weeks after lamb weaning the ewes were milked in parallel milking parlour (1x16 stalls) under shelter. On the last evening milking (first experimental milking, EB) before relocation of flock to another parlour, and during next three continuous evening milkings (E0 - second, E1 - third and E2 - fourth milking of exp.) after relocation the milk flow kinetics were measured using electronic collection jar. On day E0 after morning milking the flock was moved on a pasture and milked in other parlour (1x24-stalls). During E0 we recorded a significant decrease of total milk yield in comparison with EB (0.527 ±0.04 and 0.647 ±0.04 L). Significant differences were also recorded in machine milk yield, machine stripping, milking time and in maximum milk flow rate. During E0 there was a higher number of nonbimodal and lower numbers of bimodal flow types. The response of ewe to E0 depended on its response to EB. Ewes with bimodal flow at EB responded more negatively to E0 than ewes with nonbimodal or plateau flow. During E2 there were significantly increased protein content and solids not fat in milk. Thus the treatment significantly influenced the milkability of ewes in a negative way, but more clear response was found out in ewes with bimodal flow response to machine milking before treatment. We could assume that relocation to other milking conditions caused only short-term changes in milk flow kinetic and milk yield.
Microbiological evaluation of poultry sausages stored at different temperatures
Authors: Kunová Simona , Bobková Alica , Lopašovský Ľubomí­r , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: June 2014

The aim of our study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of poultry sausages, which were stored at different temperatures (4 °C, 15 °C). Total count of bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeasts and filamentous microscopic fungi were detected in poultry sausages. Microbiological quality was evaluated using the horizontal method for the determination number of microorganisms. Total count of bacteria in sausages stored at 4 °C ranged from 1 × 101 CFU.g-1 in sample 1 (after opening) to 4.35 × 104 CFU.g-1  in sample 1 (7th day of storage). Total count of bacteria in sausages stored at 15 °C ranged from 3.25 × 103 CFU.g-1 in sample 1 (after opening) to 3.12 × 106 CFU.g-1 in sample 1 to 3.12 × 106  CFU.g-1 in sample 1 (7th day of storage).  Coliform bacteria in sausages stored at 4 °C ranged from 1 × 101 CFU.g-1 to 3.15 × 105 CFU.g-1. Coliform bacteria in sausages stored at 15 °C ranged from 1.54 × 103 CFU.g-1 to 1.40 × 106 CFU.g-1.  Yeasts and microscopic filamentous fungi in sausages stored at 4 °C ranged from 2.75 × 104 CFU.g-1 to 1.40 × 106 CFU.g-1.  Yeasts and microscopic filamentous fungi in sausages stored at 15 °C ranged from 1.30 × 104 CFU.g-1 to 1.44 × 106  CFU.g-1. Total count of bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeast and microscopic fungi were not in accordance with Codex Alimentarius of Slovak Republic on 3rd day in samples stored at 15 °C.
Comparison of the carbohydrate content in apples and carrots grown in organic and integrated farming systems
Authors: Kouřimská Lenka , Kubaschová Kateřina , Sus Josef , Nový Pavel , Dvořáková Blanka , Koudela Martin
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to compare some quality parameters of apples and carrots from organic and integrated farming systems. In addition, the cultivars of carrots were grown in two plant densities (600 or 900 thousand plants per hectare). The fructose, glucose, saccharose and dry matter content of seven apple cultivars (Florina, Zvonkové, Topaz, Šampion, Ontario, Melrose and Idared) and two carrot cultivars (Afalon F1 and Cortina F1) were analysed by HPLC and gravimetric methods, respectively. Significant differences were found between organic and integrated apple samples. The interactions between cultivars and farming methods were also significant (p <0.0001). The dry matter and sugar level tendencies were not the same for all apple cultivars. Conversely, more consistent data were obtained for the two carrot cultivars. The bio carrots of both cultivars showed significantly lower dry matter content (p = 0.0004) and higher carbohydrate content (pfructose = 0.0303, pglucose = 0.0003, psucrose = 0.0083) than the samples from integrated production. Other factors like cultivar and plant density also played an important role in sugar content in carrots. Different densities of plants significantly affected the glucose content (p = 0.0373). Cultivar Aftalon F1 showed higher concentration of monosaccharides compared to Cortina F1 (pfructose = 0.0001 and pglucose <0.0001).
Effect of bee pollen extract as a supplemental diet on broilers´s ross 308 breast and thigh meat muscles fatty acids
Authors: Haščí­k Peter , Elimam Ibrahim , Garlí­k Jozef , Bobko Marek , Tkáčová Jana , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: June 2014

The present study was aimed to study the effect of the bee pollen extract on the broiler Ross 308 breast and thigh meat fatty acids. The experiment enrolled 90 chicks in one day old, which were divided into 3 groups (control, E1 and E2). The broiler has been bred in a cage condition for 42 days. To the experimental groups were added bee pollen extract in the amount (400, 800  mg.kg-1). The chickens have been bred in a cage conditions, each cage was equipped with feed dispenser and water intake was ensured ad libitum through a self feed-pump. The temperature was controlled during the fattening period and it was 33 °C at the first day and every week was reduced about 2 °C the end temperature was 23 °C. At the end of the experiment the fatty acids have beenevaluatedby using Agilent 7890A Gas Chromatograph apparatus (USA). The findings have been shown that the myristoleic acid, linoleic acid, linoelaidic acid, arachidonic acid, and archaic acid were decreased after using the bee pollen into broiler feed mixture otherwise, the bee pollen has been increased the polemic acids and oleic acid and there were found no significant differences (P ≥0.05) among all the experimental groups.From the recent experiment, we conclude that bee pollen extract has decreasedthe fattyacids except palmitoleic acid acid and oleic acid, whichwere higher compared to control groupand there were no significant differences (P ≥0.05) between experimental groups.
Mycobiota of spices and aromatic herbs
Authors: Tančinová Dana , Mokrý Michal , Barboráková Zuzana , Mašková Zuzana
Published: June 2014

A total of 67 samples of spices and herbs were tested for mould contamination. From 50.7% of samples, moulds were not isolated. The most dominant genera were Aspergillus and Penicillium. Potential producers of mycotoxins Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were tested for the ability to produce some mycotoxins. Isolates of potentially toxinogenic species were found to produce various mycotoxins, namely alfatoxin B1 (Aspergillus flavus), cyclopiazonic acid (Aspergillus flavus), sterigmatocystin (Emericella nidulans), roquefortine C (Penicillium allii, P. chrysogenum, P. crustosum, P. expansum), penitrem A (P. crustosum) and patulin (P. expansum). Some of the tested isolates produce two mycotoxins: A. flavus (aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid), P. crustosum (roquefortine C and patulin) and P. expansum (roquefortine C and patulin). None of the tested isolates of Aspergillus section Nigri screened, appeared to produce ochratoxin A. Totally 11 samples were analysed for the presence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Aflatoxin B1 was found in 5 (45.5%) out of 11 samples analysed with levels ranging from 0.14 to 2.9 µg.kg-1. In one sample we detected aflatoxin G1.  Ochratoxin A was found in 3 samples (27.3%), with levels ranging from 2.2 to 5.19 µg.kg-1. No sample was contaminated by aflatoxins or ochratoxin A above the maximum admitted threshold established by the European legislation.
One patient with two different 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography views
Authors: Özkan Meryem Ö , Eren Mine Şencan , Göksel Sibel , Yürekli Yakup , Barutça Sabri
Published: June 2014

A normoglycemic patient with a diagnosis of laryngeal cancer underwent F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) for staging purposes and two different results were obtained. In the first assessment, F-18 FDG uptake of the primary lesion was very low, but a significant F-18 FDG uptake was noted in the second evaluation. F-18 FDG PET/CT is used for the diagnosis, staging and re-staging, as well as for the assessment of response to treatment in oncological patients. F-18 FDG uptake is associated with fasting blood glucose levels and satiety. The lower and upper limit of fasting blood glucose is variable between centers. In this present case report, we want to discuss the factors responsible for not detecting F-18 FDG uptake in the area of primary lesion in a normoglycemic patient with laryngeal cancer.
Editorial Board Thoughts: The Checklist
Authors: Cyzyk Mark
Published: June 2014

Editorial Board Thoughts: The Checklist
Recon Pilot Project: A Progress Report, April-September 1970
Authors: Avram Henriette D. , Maruyama Lenore S.
Published: June 2014

A synopsis of the third progress report on the RECON Pilot Project submitted by the Library of Congress to the Council on Library Resources. An overview is given of the progress made from April through September 1970 in the following areas: RECON production, format recognition, research titles, microfilming, and investigation of input devices. In addition, the status of the tasks assigned to the RECON Working Task Force are briefly described.
Shawnee Mission's On-Line Cataloging System
Authors: Miller Ellen Wasby , Hodges B. J.
Published: June 2014

An on-line cataloging pilot project for two elementary schools is discussed. The system components are 2740 terminals, upper-lower-case input, IBM's FASTER generalized software package, and usual cards/labels output. Reasons for choosing FASTER, software and hardware features, operating procedures, system performance and costs are detailed. Future expansion to cataloging 100,000 annual K-12 acquisitions, on-line circulation, retrospective conversion, and union book catalogs is set forth.
Booth Library On-Line Circulation System (BLOC)
Authors: Rao Paladugu V. , Szerenyi B. Joseph
Published: June 2014

An on-line circulation system developed at a relatively small university library demonstrates that academic libraries with limited funds can develop automated systems utilizing parent institution's computer facilities in a time-sharing mode. In operation since September 1968, using an IBM 360/50 computer and associated peripheral equipment, it provides control over all stack books.
MONOCLE
Authors: Chauveinc Marc
Published: June 2014

A new processing format, based on MARC II and some of BNB's elaborations of MARC II. It further enlarges MARC II to encompass French cataloging practices and filing arrangements in French catalogs.
Associations of objectively and subjectively measured physical activity with trabecular and cortical bone properties in prepubertal children
Authors: Meiring Rebecca Mary , McVeigh Joanne Alexandra
Published: June 2014

Objectives. To compare the relationship between peak bone strain scores (PBSSs) calculated from physical activity (PA) questionnaires and accelerometry measures of PA with trabecular and cortical bone properties in prepubertal children.Methods. We compared PBSSs calculated from the bone-specific component of PA questionnaires with accelerometry and bone mass measures in 38 prepubertal children (mean 9.9 (standard deviation 1.3) years). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) were used to assess bone content and structure, and to estimate bone strength at the radial and tibial diaphysis and radial metaphysis. Results. The PBSS was reliable and reproducible with significant (p<0.001) intraclass correlation coefficients. There were significant correlations between PBSS and moderate (r=0.38; p=0.02), vigorous (r=0.36; p=0.03) and combined moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity counts (r=0.38; p=0.02). PBSS was significantly correlated to body size-adjusted bone mineral content at all sites scanned by DXA (r=0.33 - 0.48; p<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between PBSS and area, density and strength at the radius and tibia (r=0.40 - 0.64; p<0.05). Only vigorous activity was correlated to cortical area at the radial diaphysis (r=0.37; p=0.03) and bone strength at the tibial diaphysis (r=0.32; p=0.05). Activity as assessed by the PBSS explained a greater amount of variance in bone variables as measured by DXA and pQCT than accelerometer-measured PA. Conclusion. Accelerometer-measured moderate and vigorous habitual PA is associated with indices of cortical bone size and geometry in children, whereas light PA has no detectable association. Furthermore, the bone-specific questionnaire appears to be more strongly associated with bone outcomes than accelerometer-derived measures of PA.
Obesity in 7 - 10-year-old children in urban primary schools in Port Elizabeth
Authors: McKersie Joanna , Baard Maryna Louise
Published: June 2014

Objective. The primary aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban 7 - 10-year-old children in affluent (quintile 5) English-medium primary schools in Port Elizabeth.Method. A quantitative, descriptive one-way cross-sectional research design utilising random sampling was used. A once-off survey consisted of anthropometrical assessment of body mass index (BMI) according to standardised procedures. To classify children into weight categories, the International Obesity Task Force z-score BMI cut-off criteria were used. Post-hoc analysis consisted of one-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. A total of 713 children participated in the study.Results. Overweight prevalence was 20.9% (n=149) and obesity prevalence was 9.8% (n=70). A significant interaction was found for overweight and obesity levels by gender and age (F=7.2, p=0.01). Of the boys (N=372) 18.5% (n=69) were overweight and 6.9% (n=26) were obese. The girls (N=341) had a 23.5% (n=80) overweight rate and 12,9% (n=44) were obese. The highest prevalence of overweight (24.7%, n=43, N=174) was found in children aged 10, and the highest prevalence of obesity (12.5%, n=21, N=167) was found in children aged 8. Conclusion. Results highlighted the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban children from economically privileged settings. Future research into paediatric obesity is needed to curb the growing incidence.
Dietary supplements containing prohibited substances: A review (Part 1)
Authors: Van der Bijl Pieter
Published: June 2014

Dietary supplements and chemical agents have been used for a number of decades among athletes striving to achieve increased strength and performance. This has led to a huge, growing market for the food supplement industry. The latter’s products are classified as ‘foods’ rather than drugs and are therefore free of the stringent requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals, i.e. no safety and efficacy data are required prior to registration. During the past decade, some dietary supplements have been shown to contain pharmaceutically active components not adequately identified on their package labels. These pharmaceuticals may have unintentionally entered the product or may have been intentionally added. Although the concentrations of these substances may be low and devoid of health or performance-enhancing effects, they may lead to positive doping tests. In Part 1 of this two-part review, a selection of the World Anti-Doping Agency-prohibited illegal stimulants, i.e. ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, sibutramine and methylhexaneamine, are discussed. Certain food supplement labels do mention the presence of natural sources of illegal stimulants, e.g. Ephedra sinica (ephedrine), but do not refer to the chemical entities of ephedrine and its analogues as such. The pharmacological adverse effects of stimulants, in particular those on the cardiovascular system, are briefly reviewed. Suggestions for avoiding these pitfalls are made.
Les transferts linguistiques chez les adultes allophones de la région métropolitaine de Montréal : une approche longitudinale
Authors: Corbeil Jean-Pierre , Houle René
Published: June 2014

Cet article utilise une approche longitudinale pour étudier les transferts linguistiques vers le français et vers l’anglais des personnes de langue maternelle tierce (allophones) vivant dans la région métropolitaine de recensement de Montréal. L’analyse porte sur des données recueillies dans le cadre de l’Enquête sur la vitalité des minorités de langue officielle (EVMLO) menée par Statistique Canada à l’automne 2006, peu après le recensement. Cette enquête a permis de recueillir de l’information rétrospective sur le moment (l’âge) et le lieu (au Canada, hors du Canada) où a eu lieu l’adoption du français ou de l’anglais comme principale langue d’usage à la maison. Les transferts linguistiques sont analysés pour deux sous-groupes : les allophones nés au Canada et ceux ayant immigré au Canada. Nous examinons les taux de transferts selon quelques variables de base comme l’âge, la durée de résidence au Canada et le temps (période). Cet article montre que le moment, l’intensité et la direction (vers le français ou l’anglais) des taux de transferts varient de façon notable entre ces deux groupes.
Pas plus élevée, mais après la migration ! Fécondité, immigration et calendrier de constitution de la famille
Authors: Street María Constanza , Laplante Benoît
Published: June 2014

L’indicateur souvent utilisé pour mesurer la fécondité des immigrantes et pour comparer son niveau à celui des femmes natives est l’indice synthétique de fécondité. Cependant, des recherches ont montré que cet indice tend à surestimer les écarts entre les immigrantes et les natives, car il attribue un niveau de fécondité qui reste marqué par l’âge des femmes au moment de l’arrivée. Pour contourner ce problème, il est nécessaire d’avoir recours à des approches longitudinales qui considèrent la partie de la vie féconde qui précède la migration. Au Québec, il est possible d’estimer la fécondité des immigrantes à l’aide de données de registres administratifs qui suivent des cohortes au fil du temps. Dans cet article, nous présentons la méthodologie employée pour estimer le nombre d’enfants mis au monde avant et après la migration et nous comparons la fécondité des immigrantes selon la descendance des générations. Les résultats montrent que la fécondité des femmes immigrantes au Québec est influencée par le calendrier de la migration. Quant aux estimations de la descendance à divers âges, le nombre moyen d’enfants varie selon la région de provenance, mais il ne dépasse pas les deux enfants par femme vers la fin de leur vie féconde.
Les origines régionales ancestrales au Québec
Authors: Tremblay Marc
Published: June 2014

Cette étude présente une mesure de l’enracinement territorial et de la diversité des origines régionales ancestrales dans la population du Québec. Les données proviennent d’un ensemble de 5 100 généalogies ascendantes, soit 300 généalogies pour chacune des 17 régions de la province. Ces généalogies ont été construites à l’aide des données du fichier BALSAC, qui contient des informations sur la population québécoise remontant au début du 17e siècle. L’observation des lieux de mariage des ancêtres a permis d’établir une mesure de l’ancienneté régionale des individus, qui s’exprime en nombre de générations. La part occupée par chaque région dans l’ensemble des lieux de mariages des ancêtres a fourni une mesure de la diversité des origines ancestrales individuelles. Les résultats ont montré une variabilité importante dans les profondeurs et les origines régionales ancestrales. Les profondeurs moyennes varient de moins d’une génération à plus de cinq générations d’ancêtres mariés dans la même région. Les contributions régionales ont fait ressortir l’importance de la proximité géographique, mais aussi celle de l’ancienneté des zones de peuplement. Ces résultats tracent un portrait de la migration interrégionale intergénérationnelle résultante au Québec depuis le 17e siècle.
Recognition and Validation of Non Formal and Informal Learning: Lifelong Learning and University in the Italian Context
Authors: Rienzo Paolo Di
Published: June 2014

This paper is a reflection, on the basis of empirical research conducted in Italy, on theoretical, methodological and systemic-organisational aspects linked to the recognition and validation of the prior learning acquired by adult learners or workers who decide to enrol at university at a later stage in their lives. The interest in this research theme derives from the continuously growing number of adults who enrol on graduate degree programmes. The growing national and European debate on the reform of educational systems which ensued from the Bologna Process is focused on the development of a bridging system between the formal systems of education and the non formal and informal learning contexts, in view of developing validation procedures for prior learning. The research method, which combined both qualitative and quantitative approaches, consisted in a national survey on the basis of a questionnaire submitted to all the Italian universities and used methods of qualitative orientation, such as Bilan de Competénces and Biographic Laboratory. The survey helped to identify instruments and organisational procedures for the validation of prior vocational learning. Moreover, on the basis of the research conducted and keeping in mind the international setting, it can be stated that it is only from the perspective of lifelong learning that universities can approach the object at issue.
Underpinning Principles of Adult Learning in Face to Face (f2f) Meetings Employed by Distance-Teaching Universities
Authors: Gravani Maria N. , Karagiorgi Yiasemina
Published: June 2014

The study presented in this article explores the application of the principles of adult learning in the face to face (f2f) meetings organised within the context of blended learning courses. The study adopts a case study approach, employing qualitative data collection through semi-structured interviews with participants in four thematic units in two distance learning programmes: Greek Civilisation (undergraduate) and Education Studies (graduate) organised by the Open University of Cyprus and the Hellenic Open University. The research draws on andragogy and illustrates the experiences and perceptions of 16 adult learners and eight tutors with regard to: the design of the f2f meetings, the educational techniques and means used, the participation, and the perceived usefulness of such sessions. The article concludes by highlighting the limited use of the adult learning principles in designing and implementing f2f meetings during the distance learning programmes explored. Recommendations for the design of f2f sessions in consideration of adult learning are made.
Research Areas in Adult and Continuing Education
Authors: Zawacki-Richter Olaf , Röbken Heinke , Ehrenspeck-Kolasa Yvonne , von Ossietzky Carl
Published: June 2014

This study builds upon a Delphi study carried out by Zawacki-Richter (2009) which posited a validated classification of research areas in the special area of distance education. We now replicate the study for the broader field of adult and continuing education (ACE). The aims of this paper are: firstly, to develop a categorisation of research areas in ACE; secondly, to identify the most important areas; and thirdly, to identify the most neglected research areas in ACE. Based on a literature review and a Delphi study, three broad levels with 28 research areas have been derived to organise the body of knowledge in ACE. Prospective researchers can use the results to identify gaps and priority areas, and explore potential research directions.
Stories of Learning across the Lifespan: Life History and Biographical Research in Adult Education
Authors: Gouthro Patricia
Published: June 2014

Life history or biographical approaches to research in lifelong learning may be particularly useful for researchers working from a social purpose and/or feminist perspective.

Adult educators working from an emancipatory framework are often curious about factors that shape people's lives, both from an individualistic, biographical perspective and from a broader social-cultural framework. Through life history and biographical research they can gain insights into what motivates people to engage in adult learning for social and personal change.

Looking at examples taken both from the literature and from four different research studies that the author has engaged in during recent years, some of the benefits, challenges, and possibilities for life history/biographical research are explored in this paper. Both practical aspects, such as how to recruit participants, and more philosophical/methodological concerns such as the importance of recognising how participants use narrative as a means to explore meaning making around their own identity and life course are explored in the discussion. In conclusion, the paper argues that new technologies and emerging forms of artistic representation in life history and biographical research offer opportunities for both educators and participants, as well as other audiences, to explore adult learning experiences connected to social justice.
Estimating snow microphysical properties using collocated multisensor observations
Authors: Wood Norman B. , L'Ecuyer Tristan S. , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Stephens Graeme L. , Hudak David R. , Rodriguez Peter
Published: June 2014

The ability of ground‐based in situ and remote sensing observations to constrain microphysical properties for dry snow is examined using a Bayesian optimal estimation retrieval method. Power functions describing the variation of mass and horizontally projected area with particle size and a parameter related to particle shape are retrieved from near‐Rayleigh radar reflectivity, particle size distribution, snowfall rate, and size‐resolved particle fall speeds. Algorithm performance is explored in the context of instruments deployed during the Canadian CloudSat CALIPSO Validation Project, but the algorithm is adaptable to other similar combinations of sensors. Critical estimates of observational and forward model uncertainties are developed and used to quantify the performance of the method using synthetic cases developed from actual observations of snow events. In addition to illustrating the technique, the results demonstrate that this combination of sensors provides useful constraints on the mass parameters and on the coefficient of the area power function but only weakly constrains the exponent of the area power function and the shape parameter. Information content metrics show that about two independent quantities are measured by the suite of observations and that the method is able to resolve about eight distinct realizations of the state vector containing the mass and area power function parameters. Alternate assumptions about observational and forward model uncertainties reveal that improved modeling of particle fall speeds could contribute substantial improvements to the performance of the method.
Measurements of lattice thermal conductivity of MgO to core‐mantle boundary pressures
Authors: Imada Saori , Ohta Kenji , Yagi Takashi , Hirose Kei , Yoshida Hideto , Nagahara Hiroko
Published: June 2014

The pressure response of lattice thermal conduction in MgO periclase has been a matter of interest for many decades to estimate the thermal conductivity profile of the lower mantle. Using the pulsed light heating thermoreflectance technique, we measured the lattice thermal diffusivity of MgO at pressures up to 137 GPa at 300 K to determine its lattice thermal conductivity under deep lower mantle conditions. Considering the temperature effect estimated by previous high‐temperature measurements, we calculated the lattice part of the thermal conductivity of MgO to be 17.9 ± 1.1 W/m/K at 135 GPa and 3600 K. Additionally, we observed that the lattice conductivity of MgO has little dependence on its grain size under core‐mantle boundary conditions.
Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Mediated Oxidative Dearomatizing Cyclization of Arylamines
Authors: Jin Cong‐Yang , Du Ji‐Yuan , Zeng Chao , Zhao Xian‐He , Cao Ye‐Xing , Zhang Xiang‐Zhi , Lu Xin‐Yun , Fan Chun‐An
Published: June 2014

An oxidative dearomatizing cyclization of arylamines promoted by iodobenzene bis(trifluoroacetate) [PhI(CF3CO2)2] has been explored, leading to a novel synthetic approach to functionalized spirocyclic building blocks containing the structurally unique dieniminium moiety. This unprecedented methodology, featuring oxidative dearomatization and carbon‐carbon bond‐forming cyclization, to some extent, not only expands the synthetic potential of hypervalent iodine chemistry, but also enriches the oxidation chemistry of arylamines.

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Economic Performance and the Crisis: Strategies Adopted by the Wineries of Castilla‐La Mancha (Spain)
Authors: Simon‐Elorz K. , Castillo‐Valero J.S. , Garcia‐Cortijo M.C.
Published: June 2014

This article aims to study the strategies and the possibilities for competition of Castilla‐La‐Mancha wineries during the period 2004–2010. Therefore a model was defined which analyzes the impact that environmental variables such as age and size have had on economic performance, compared to marketing and management strategies adopted by the wineries. Finally, the impact is analyzed that successive reforms of the wine CMO and the economic crisis have had on the results in Castilla‐La Mancha (CLM, Spain) wineries. [EconLit citations: L25; L66; Q13].
Price Risk and Exporter Competition in China's Soybean Market
Authors: Muhammad Andrew
Published: June 2014

An import allocation model is used to examine the effects of price risk (variance of prices) on exporter competition in China's soybean market. Price risk is an important determinant of China's soybean imports across sources (Argentina, Brazil, and the United States), even when accounting for other factors. Results indicate that Argentina is the only country affected by own‐price risk in the Chinese market; imports decline by 1.11% for every percentage increase price risk. The estimated risk premium for soybeans from Argentina is 0.44, indicating that if price risk increases by 1%, prices would have to fall by 0.44% for imports to remain unchanged. Price risk in Argentina has a positive effect on China's imports from the United States. Price risk in Brazil has a positive effect on imports from Argentina, but a negative effect on imports from the United States. [EconLit citations: D81, F14, Q11, Q17].
FOXO3‐mTOR metabolic cooperation in the regulation of erythroid cell maturation and homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Campreciós Genís , Rimmelé Pauline , Liang Raymond , Yalcin Safak , Mungamuri Sathish Kumar , Barminko Jeffrey , D'Escamard Valentina , Baron Margaret H. , Brugnara Carlo , Papatsenko Dmitri , Rivella Stefano , Ghaffari Saghi
Published: June 2014

Ineffective erythropoiesis is observed in many erythroid disorders including β‐thalassemia and anemia of chronic disease in which increased production of erythroblasts that fail to mature exacerbate the underlying anemias. As loss of the transcription factor FOXO3 results in erythroblast abnormalities similar to the ones observed in ineffective erythropoiesis, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of the defective Foxo3−/− erythroblast cell cycle and maturation. Here we show that loss of Foxo3 results in overactivation of the JAK2/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in primary bone marrow erythroblasts partly mediated by redox modulation. We further show that hyperactivation of mTOR signaling interferes with cell cycle progression in Foxo3 mutant erythroblasts. Importantly, inhibition of mTOR signaling, in vivo or in vitro enhances significantly Foxo3 mutant erythroid cell maturation. Similarly, in vivo inhibition of mTOR remarkably improves erythroid cell maturation and anemia in a model of β‐thalassemia. Finally we show that FOXO3 and mTOR are likely part of a larger metabolic network in erythroblasts as together they control the expression of an array of metabolic genes some of which are implicated in erythroid disorders. These combined findings indicate that a metabolism‐mediated regulatory network centered by FOXO3 and mTOR control the balanced production and maturation of erythroid cells. They also highlight physiological interactions between these proteins in regulating erythroblast energy. Our results indicate that alteration in the function of this network might be implicated in the pathogenesis of ineffective erythropoiesis. Am. J. Hematol. 89:954–963, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Familial occurrence of Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Herlin Morten , Højland Allan T. , Petersen Michael B.
Published: June 2014

Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a congenital disorder of still unknown etiology, characterized by uterovaginal agenesis and can be associated with renal, skeletal and cardiac malformations. Most cases are sporadic. We report on a familial case of two female cousins with MRKH syndrome and unilateral renal agenesis. Family history revealed two cases of renal agenesis in male relatives and ultrasonographic (US) examination of healthy relatives diagnosed an uncle with multiple renal cysts. We have reviewed the literature on familial occurrence of MRKH syndrome and its associated anomalies and collected a total of 67 familial cases. We found familial cases to share the same associated anomalies as sporadic cases and we discuss the necessity of US examination of healthy relatives. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.