bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work, Stress and Play: Students’ perceptions of factors impacting on their studies and well‐being
Authors: Jenkins Susan , Johnson Ilona , Ginley Jennifer
Published: April 2019

Introduction

This study gathered information about life outside of the course for undergraduates studying at the School of Dentistry, Cardiff University. The aim was to explore how these external factors to the course may affect an individual’s academic performance and well‐being.

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional study design was used. An online questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study was used to capture (quantitative and qualitative) data. Questions with dichotomous options, a range of statements with Likert scales (level of agreement) and open (free‐text) questions were used. Data were analysed in SPSS using simple descriptive statistics and frequency distributions. Spearman’s Rho was used to explore relationships for scaled categorical data. Content analysis was used for qualitative data.

Results

Two‐thirds (n = 69, 63%) of participants reported being very stressed about their studies in the previous 12 months. The majority felt that external factors to their course (eg, lack of sleep, health issues, financial concerns, hobbies and issues with friends) had impacted on their academic lives with only 9% (n = 10) stating that their lives outside dentistry had no effect.

Discussion

Those who felt able to pursue hobbies and activities reported a better work‐life balance and less stress. Questions about pursuing hobbies and sleep may help identify students at risk of being stressed or who may benefit from additional support in order to achieve a better work‐life balance.

Conclusion

This study has highlighted key areas for further investigation and opportunities for improving support to reduce student stress and improve well‐being.
A water retention curve model describing the effect of temperature
Authors: Liu Chang , Tong Fuguo , Li Biao , Zhao Yitong
Published: April 2019

Properly simulating multiphase flow involving non‐isothermal processes in unsaturated soils requires the development of water retention curve (WRC) models with temperature effects. However, the majority of the existing WRC models are developed for isothermal conditions. This study aims to develop a new WRC model describing the effect of temperature on suction. Based on an assumption of an isotropic and homogeneous porous medium at the macroscopic scale, the formulations of non‐isothermal suction account for the temperature effects on the surface tension of the water–air interface and air bubble shape. The tension of the water–air interface is expressed as a function of temperature, and the air bubble shape becomes a function of temperature and saturation degree. The suction formulations are then used to extend the van Genuchten equation to non‐isothermal conditions. The final equation of the proposed model is a function of suction, and effective degree of saturation and temperature. A laboratory test was also designed to measure the WRCs of a loamy sand at different temperatures. The proposed model was validated against the measured results as well as experimental data of clayey‐silt sand, Boom clay and FEBEX bentonite reported in the literature. The very good agreements show the capability and feasibility of the model to predict the temperature dependence of water retention behaviour with a wide range of soils.

Highlights

A new WRC model was developed for non‐isothermal conditions.

The model considers temperature effects on water surface tension and air bubble shape.

We tested the model against measured and literature data, with very good agreements.

The model is applicable to predict non‐isothermal water retention behaviour of unsaturated soils.
Endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke: clinical outcomes under pressure
Authors: Katsanos A. H. , Tsivgoulis G.
Published: April 2019

Click here to view the accompanying paper in this volume.
Presence of the invasive whiteflyAleurocanthus spiniferus(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Greece
Authors: Kapantaidaki D. E. , Antonatos S. , Kontodimas D. , Milonas P. , Papachristos D. P.
Published: April 2019

Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), commonly known as the citrus (or orange) spiny whitefly, is an important pest of various economic crops such as citrus and tea and causes severe economic losses. It is reported for the first time in Greece, in the island of Corfu (North‐West Greece) on sweet orange trees (Citrus sinensis). Morphological and molecular data has been used for species identification. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene from Greek populations have been compared with sequences of the species from Italy and Montenegro, as well as withCOIsequences retrieved from GenBank, to examine the genetic diversity of the species. Based on the preliminary results, it appears that the population from Corfu probably arose through several independent introductions.
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Malta
Authors: Tassini C. , Mifsud D.
Published: April 2019

Halyomorpha halys, commonly known as the brown marmorated stink bug, has been recorded for the first time from the Maltese Islands. The record is currently based on the capture of a single specimen. Information is provided on the distribution range of this polyphagous species which was accidentally introduced into Europe (Switzerland) in 2007 and since then has invaded many European countries. Morphological details are also included to aid in the discrimination of this species from similar species occurring in the Mediterranean region. Notes are provided on the feeding strategies used by this insect and the type of damage incurred on agricultural commodities, which are often rendered unsaleable.
Genotypic diversity of Salmonella ser. Abortusequi isolates from Argentina
Authors: Bustos C. P. , Moroni M. , Caffer M. I. , Ivanissevich A. , Herrera M. , Moreira A. R. , Guida N. , Chacana P.
Published: April 2019

Background

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi (S. Abortusequi) is a serotype restricted to equines, which produces abortion outbreaks. Nowadays the disease is being reported in different countries including Argentina thus generating an important impact in the equine industry. Molecular characterization of the 95 kb virulence plasmid and the spvC gene of S. Abortusequi demonstrated their importance in the pathogenicity of the serotype. In the last decades, high clonality of S. Abortusequi was identified in Japan, Mongolia and Croatia.

Objectives

The aim of this work was to characterize S. Abortusequi isolates obtained in Argentina between 2011 and 2016 by virulence‐gene profiling and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis.

Study design

Case report.

Methods

S. Abortusequi isolates were studied by virulence‐gene profiling and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis.

Results

Four virulence profiles and nine pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis pulsotypes were identified among the 27 isolates included in the study. Different strains were found in the same outbreak and/or farm suggesting the presence of different sources of infection or mutation of isolates.

Main limitations

The number of related and nonrelated strains. More isolates may be necessary for a more intensive study.

Conclusions

Most strains presented the same virulence profile, being positive for all the studied genes except gipA and sopE1, which are involved in intestinal virulence. Only few isolates showed different results in the same outbreak or farm. Unlike other studies, our results demonstrate a considerable diversity of S. Abortusequi pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis pulsotypes, which suggests that different sources of infection may be involved within the same outbreak.
Factors associated with long‐term athletic outcome in Thoroughbred neonates admitted to an intensive care unit
Authors: Chidlow H. , Giguère S. , Sanchez L. C.
Published: April 2019

Background

Limited information exists on the long‐term outcome of foals that survive following hospitalisation for disease as a neonate. Significant financial investment is required to raise foals to racing age, therefore improved understanding of factors that affect long‐term outcome and future athletic performance is important.

Objectives

To analyse racing performance in Thoroughbred foals hospitalised as neonates, compared with their maternal siblings and to determine factors associated with failure to race and racing performance.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Medical records of Thoroughbred foals admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit between 1982 and 2008 were reviewed. Surviving foals of registered mares were included. Data including the foal's primary and concurrent diseases were extracted from the medical record. Racing records for foals and maternal siblings were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify disorders associated with failure to race and decreased racing performance.

Results

Two‐hundred and sixty‐nine of 454 previously hospitalised foals (59%) raced. Sixty‐eight percent (269/394) of registered foals raced, compared with 79% (697/880) of registered siblings. Foals with prematurity/dysmaturity (P = 0.002) and those with orthopaedic disease (P = 0.007) were significantly less likely to race than their siblings. Premature/dysmature foals also had significantly fewer starts and wins and lower earnings than siblings. Foals with orthopaedic disorders had a lower percentage of wins, relative to their siblings. There was no significant association between racing performance and other disease categories.

Main limitations

Small sample size in some disease categories and retrospective nature of study.

Conclusions

Foals hospitalised due to prematurity/dysmaturity or orthopaedic disorders were less likely to race than their maternal siblings and those that did race had decreased performance.
A novel player in the field: Merkel disc in touch, itch and pain
Authors: Feng Jing , Hu Hongzhen
Published: April 2019

The mechanosensitive Merkel cell‐neurite complex comprising two distinct cell types in both hairy and glabrous skin has been widely recognized as touch receptor for more than 100 years. In 2014, three elegant studies further demonstrated that the Merkel cell‐neurite complex mediates touch transduction via the mechanosensitive Piezo2 channel. However, whether it is involved in genesis of itch and pain sensations, has been unclear. Recently, we reported that Merkel cells modulate the development of mechanical itch under the conditions of dry skin and aging, whereas two other studies demonstrated that Piezo2 channel mediates mechanical pain. In this assay, we summarized the current knowledge of Merkel disk under both normal and pathological conditions, with a focus on its role in touch, itch, and pain.
A freshwater analog for the production of Epiphyton‐like microfossils
Authors: Ibarra Yadira , Sanon Sonicah
Published: April 2019

Calcified microbial microfossils—often interpreted as cyanobacteria—were important components of Precambrian and Paleozoic limestones, but their paucity in modern marine environments complicates our ability to make conclusive interpretations about their taxonomic affinity and geologic significance. Freshwater spring‐associated limestones (e.g., travertine and tufa) serve as terrestrial analogs to investigate mineralization in and around aquatic biofilms on observable timescales. We document the diagenesis of calcite fabrics associated with the freshwater algae Oocardium stratum, an epiphytic colonial green algae (desmid) known for producing stalks of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and passively producing a bifurcating tubular calcite monocrystal. Bifurcating EPS stalks produced by Oocardium colonies can become calcified and preserved in ancient carbonate deposits. Calcified micritic EPS stalks have a filamentous morphology, show evidence of branching, and maintain uniformity in diameter thickness throughout the mm‐scale colony, much like the enigmatic calcimicrobe Epiphyton. We provide a mechanism by which calcification associated with a colonial semispherical micro‐organism produces microfossils that deceptively resemble filamentous forms. These findings have implications for the use of morphological traits when assigning taxonomic affinities to extinct microfossil groups and highlight the utility of calcifying freshwater modern environments to investigate microbial taphonomy.
Responses of soil carbon sequestration to climate‐smart agriculture practices: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bai Xiongxiong , Huang Yawen , Ren Wei , Coyne Mark , Jacinthe Pierre‐Andre , Tao Bo , Hui Dafeng , Yang Jian , Matocha Chris
Published: April 2019

Climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) management practices (e.g., conservation tillage, cover crops, and biochar applications) have been widely adopted to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring crop productivity. However, current measurements regarding the influences of CSA management practices on SOC sequestration diverge widely, making it difficult to derive conclusions about individual and combined CSA management effects and bringing large uncertainties in quantifying the potential of the agricultural sector to mitigate climate change. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 3,049 paired measurements from 417 peer‐reviewed articles to examine the effects of three common CSA management practices on SOC sequestration as well as the environmental controlling factors. We found that, on average, biochar applications represented the most effective approach for increasing SOC content (39%), followed by cover crops (6%) and conservation tillage (5%). Further analysis suggested that the effects of CSA management practices were more pronounced in areas with relatively warmer climates or lower nitrogen fertilizer inputs. Our meta‐analysis demonstrated that, through adopting CSA practices, cropland could be an improved carbon sink. We also highlight the importance of considering local environmental factors (e.g., climate and soil conditions and their combination with other management practices) in identifying appropriate CSA practices for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring crop productivity.
Breeding and wintering bird distributions in Britain and Ireland from citizen science bird atlases
Authors: Gillings Simon , Balmer Dawn E. , Caffrey Brian J. , Downie Iain S. , Gibbons David W. , Lack Peter C. , Reid James B. , Sharrock J. Tim R. , Swann Robert L. , Fuller Robert J.
Published: April 2019

Motivation

We undertook large citizen science surveys of bird distributions (atlases) in Britain and Ireland, aimed at quantifying breeding bird distributions on a 20‐year cycle and wintering bird distributions on a c. 30‐year cycle. We use these to generate spatially referenced information on apparent changes in bird distributions over c. 40 years.

Main type of variable contained

Detection of breeding and wintering bird species in grid squares during five periods, and changes in detection between periods. The combined distribution dataset contains 1,410,938 records detailing detections of 465 bird species in 3,880 grid cells in different periods. The combined distribution change dataset contains 1,297,791 records describing stability, apparent colonization or apparent extinction of individual species in grid squares between pairs of atlases spanning up to c. 40 years.

Spatial location and grain

Grid squares (10 km × 10 km) containing land throughout Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The majority of data are at 10‐km resolution, but data for rare species are summarized at 20‐ or 50‐km resolution to protect sensitive locations.

Time period

The data represent summarized detection information derived from fieldwork during five periods: the breeding seasons 1968–1972, 1988–1991 and 2008–2011, and the winters 1981/1982–1983/1984 and 2007/2008–2010/2011.

Major taxa studied and level of measurement

Birds; their distribution derived from citizen science surveys.

Software format

Data are supplied as comma‐separated text files.
Film and Video
Authors: Truitt Allison J.
Published: April 2019

Film reviewed in this issue.

Ghost Tape #10 (Băng ghi âm ma)
Analysis of DrkA kinase’s role in STATa activation
Authors: Saga Yukika , Iwade Yumi , Araki Tsuyoshi , Ishikawa Megumi , Kawata Takefumi
Published: April 2019

Dictyostelium STATa is a homologue of metazoan signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) and is important for morphogenesis. STATa is activated by phosphorylation on Tyr702 when cells are exposed to extracellular cAMP. Although two tyrosine kinase‐like (TKL) proteins, Pyk2 and Pyk3, have been definitively identified as STATc kinases, no kinase is known for STATa activation. Based on homology to the previously identified tyrosine‐selective TKLs, we identified DrkA, a member of the TKL family and the Dictyostelium receptor‐like kinase (DRK) subfamily, as a candidate STATa kinase. The drkA gene is almost exclusively expressed in prestalk A (pstA) cells, where STATa is activated. Transient over‐expression of DrkA increased STATa phosphorylation, although over‐expression of the protein causes a severe growth defect and cell death. Furthermore, recombinant DrkA protein is auto‐phosphorylated on tyrosine and threonine residues, and an in vitro kinase assay shows that DrkA can phosphorylate STATa on Tyr702 in a STATa‐SH2 (phosphotyrosine binding) domain‐dependent manner. These observations strongly suggest that DrkA is one of the key regulators of STATa tyrosine phosphorylation and is consistent with it being the kinase that directly activates STATa.
A Particle Tracking Algorithm for Arbitrary Unstructured Grids
Authors: Craig J.R. , Ramadhan M. , Muffels C.
Published: April 2019

A new semi‐analytical algorithm for generating the local groundwater velocity field within irregular three‐dimensional grid cells (such as a Voronoi cell) is presented. The method supports particle tracking in the MODFLOW‐USG software package for a variety of supported unstructured grid formats. It is shown to replicate the results from the fully analytical Pollock's method when used on a rectilinear grid, and is demonstrated for difficult test cases where there is high spatial variability in the flow field within individual cells. The method is now available as an option in the mod‐PATH3DU software package and may be used with most MODFLOW‐USG packages without additional intervention.
Assessment of the Olfactory Function in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Using the Sniffin’ Sticks Test: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Samancı Bedia , Samancı Yavuz , Şen Cömert , Şahin Erdi , Sezgin Mine , Kocasoy Orhan Elif , Orhan Kadir Serkan , Baykan Betül
Published: April 2019

Objective

Despite the lack of recognition in clinical practice, there is increasing evidence that patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension may suffer from hyposmia. The current case‐control study aims to evaluate olfactory dysfunction in a large series of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Methods

All subjects, 44 idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients and 57 healthy controls, underwent olfactory function assessment using standardized “Sniffin’ Sticks” test at a tertiary referral center of a university hospital. Threshold, discrimination, identification, and total threshold‐discrimination‐identification scores have been determined and analyzed statistically.

Results

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients had significantly lower threshold (6.5 [3.69] vs 8 [1.88], P < .001, 95% CI [−2.250, −0.750]) and threshold‐discrimination‐identification scores (29.75 [5.56] vs 32.5 [5.25], P = .003, 95% CI [−4.250, −0.750]). Twenty‐five patients (57%) were diagnosed with hyposmia. Test scores of patients with active idiopathic intracranial hypertension (n = 18) were not statistically different from patients with inactive disease (n = 26), except for discrimination score (14 [2.50] vs 11 [2.25], P = .005, 95% CI [−3.000, −1.000]). Although idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients with a cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure of ≥330 mmH2O had lower test scores, the difference was significant only for total threshold‐discrimination‐identification scores (28.5 [5.50] vs 30.5 [4.38], P = .044, 95% CI [0.750, 5.500]). Multiple regression analysis revealed that test scores were related to disease activity, cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure, papilledema, headache, and medication.

Conclusion

Our clinical study revealed significant olfactory dysfunction in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension compared with healthy controls. Future research should employ larger samples to search for usability of olfactory testing in clinical management of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Deposition of plant lipids after single application of a lip care product determined by confocal raman spectroscopy, corneometry and transepidermal water‐loss
Authors: Bielfeldt S. , Blaak J. , Laing S. , Schleißinger M. , Theiss C. , Wilhelm K‐P , Staib P.
Published: April 2019

Objective

Lip treatment products often incorporate oils and waxes in their formulations, and a desired outcome of their use is to prevent lip dryness and roughness as well as help to repair this condition. The objective of this study was to combine confocal Raman spectroscopy with skin capacitance (corneometry) and transepidermal water loss (closed chamber Aquaflux system) measurements, in the evaluation of the degree of moisturization and lip skin penetration of a fruit wax (Rhus verniculapeel cera) and natural oil‐based (Cocos nuciferafruit oil andOlea europeaoil) lip care product, following a single application.

Methods

The study was conducted on a total of 15 healthy female volunteers. Instrumental measurements were performed before and 30 min, 2 h and 6 h after a single application of the product.

Results

Lip skin barrier function as well as lip hydration were significantly improved and penetration of olive oil was maintained for at least 6 h post product application. The deposition of the three component lipids (berry fruit wax, coconut oil and olive oil) into thestratum corneumafter a single application of the lip care product was maintained and data significant for 2–6 h post product application. Lipid deposition was regarded as a positive long‐lasting skin care (depot‐) effect combined with a profound hydrating effect for about 6 h.

Conclusion

The tri‐method approach taken in this study is deemed relevant and valid for measuring lip hydration offering a complimentary assessment of the barrier function of lip skin and interactive effects of cosmetic ingredients.
Resilience on the Run: an evaluation of a well‐being programme for medical interns
Authors: Forbes Malcolm , Byrom Lisa , van der Steenstraten Ira , Markwell Alex , Bretherton Holly , Kay Margaret
Published: April 2019

Background

Junior doctors experience high rates of psychological distress and burnout. System‐level interventions are one strategy to reduce psychological distress in junior doctors. Unfortunately, few of these interventions have been evaluated.

Aim

To evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of a resilience and well‐being programme designed for junior doctors.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of 24 medical interns at a teaching hospital in regional Queensland with a control group of 29 medical interns at a second teaching hospital in regional Queensland. Survey instruments to assess psychological distress, the ProQOL and K10, were completed at baseline, at the completion of the well‐being programme, and 3 months after the completion of the well‐being programme at both sites.

Results

The intervention site had an older cohort and fewer participants had a regular general practitioner compared to the control site. Both groups had moderate levels of psychological distress. Insufficient numbers of participants completing the instruments at the two sites meant that it was not possible to demonstrate differences between the groups; however, the trends were promising. Qualitative evaluation data supported these trends, indicating that the Resilience on the Run programme was positively received and provided useful skills to junior doctors.

Conclusion

Well‐being programmes benefit medical interns; introducing new knowledge and skills for effectively identifying and managing personal and workplace stressors that can contribute to psychological distress.
(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3‐based lead‐free co‐fired multilayer actuators with large strain and high fatigue resistance
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Ma Weigang , Xie Bing , Zhang Ling , Dong Shuxiang , Fan Pengyuan , Wang Ke , Koruza Jurij , Rödel Jürgen
Published: April 2019

Large‐strain multilayer actuators (MLAs) were fabricated by tape‐casting 0.91(Na1/2 Bi1/2)TiO3–0.06BaTiO3–0.03AgNbO3 (NBT‐BT–3AN) lead‐free incipient piezoceramics co‐fired with Pt inner electrodes. Microstructures, dielectric properties, unipolar and bipolar strain, as well as fatigue properties of the MLAs were investigated. It was found that the actuator consisting of 15 ceramic layers with individual thicknesses of 114 μm could output a large unipolar strain of 0.3% and a dynamic displacement of 5 μm at 6 kV/mm at room temperature. It exhibited excellent cycling stability and provided a high strain of 0.23% after 107 cycles at 6 kV/mm. Moreover, these MLAs still can deliver a strain of 0.20% at 125°C.
Salt‐induced effects on microvascular function: A critical factor in hypertension mediated organ damage
Authors: Marketou Maria E. , Maragkoudakis Spyros , Anastasiou Ioannis , Nakou Helen , Plataki Marina , Vardas Panos E. , Parthenakis Fragiskos I.
Published: April 2019

Salt has been linked very closely to the occurrence and complications of arterial hypertension. A large percentage of patients with essential hypertension are salt‐sensitive; that is, their blood pressure increases with increased salt intake and decreases with its reduction. For this reason, emphasis is placed on reducing salt intake to better regulate blood pressure. In day‐to‐day clinical practice this is viewed as mandatory for hypertensive patients who are judged to be salt‐sensitive. Previous studies have highlighted the negative effect of high‐salt diets on macrovascular function, which also affects blood pressure levels by increasing peripheral resistances. More recent studies provide a better overview of the pathophysiology of microvascular disorders and show that they are largely due to the overconsumption of salt. Microvascular lesions, which have a major impact on the functioning of vital organs, are often not well recognized in clinical practice and are not paid sufficient attention. In general, the damage caused by hypertension to the microvascular network is likely to be overlooked, while reversion of the damage is only rarely considered as a therapeutic target by the treating physician. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact and the harmful consequences of increased salt consumption in the microvascular network, their significance and pathophysiology, and at the same time to place some emphasis on their treatment and reversion, mainly through diet.
Machine‐learning based radiogenomics analysis of MRI features and metagenes in glioblastoma multiforme patients with different survival time
Authors: Liao Xin , Cai Bo , Tian Bin , Luo Yilin , Song Wen , Li Yinglong
Published: April 2019

Background

This study aimed to examine multi‐dimensional MRI features’ predictability on survival outcome and associations with differentially expressed Genes (RNA Sequencing) in groups of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients.

Methods

Radiomics features were extracted from segmented lesions of T2‐FLAIR MRI data of 137 GBM patients. Radiomics features include intensity, shape and textural features in seven classes were included in the analysis. Patients were divided into two groups depending on their survival time (shorter or longer than 1‐year survival). Four different machine learning algorithms were implemented to construct the prediction models. Features with top importance (importance >0.04) were selected to construct the prediction model using the model with the best performance. The interactions between image features and genomics were then analysed with Pearson's correlation analysis.

Results

The GBDT model with 72 features with highest importance had the highest accuracy of 0.81 on both short and long survival time classes, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) of the short and long survival time class were 0.79 and 0.81. Six metagenes showed significant interactive effect (P < 0.05), and Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that three of these metagenes (TIMP1, ROS1 EREG) showed moderate (0.3 < |r| < 0.5) or high correlation (|r| > 0.5) with image features.

Conclusion

Radiogenomics analysis shows that MRI features are predictive of survival outcomes, and image features are highly associated with selective metagenes. Radiogenomics analysis is a useful method for optimizing clinical diagnosis and selecting effective treatments.
Atopic eczema: burden of disease and individual suffering – results from a large EU study in adults
Authors: Ring J. , Zink A. , Arents B.W.M. , Seitz I.A. , Mensing U. , Schielein M.C. , Wettemann N. , de Carlo G. , Fink‐Wagner A.
Published: April 2019

Background

Atopic eczema (AE, atopic dermatitis) is one of the most common non‐communicable inflammatory skin diseases affecting 1–5% of the adult population in Europe with marked impairment in quality of life. In spite of great progress in understanding the pathophysiology of disturbed skin barrier and immune deviation, AE still represents a problem in daily clinical practice. Furthermore, the true impact of AE on individual suffering is often not recognized.

Objectives

With a large European study, we wanted to provide insights into the actual suffering and individual burden of disease in adult patients with AE.

Methods

A total of 1189 adult patients (18–87 years, 56% female) with moderate to severe AE were recruited in nine European countries by dermatologists or allergists together with the help of patient organizations. A computer‐assisted telephone interview was performed by experienced interviewers between October 2017 and March 2018. The following instruments were used to assess severity or measure quality of life: Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐D) and a newly developed Atopic Eczema Score of Emotional Consequences (AESEC). Patients were also asked to self‐assess the severity of their disease.

Results

Despite current treatment, 45% of participants still had actual moderate to very severe AE in POEM. Due to their skin disease, 57% missed at least 1 day of work in the preceding year. DLQI showed moderate to extremely large impairment in 55%. According to HADS‐D, 10% scored on or above the threshold of eight points with signs of depressive symptoms. Assessed with AESEC, 57% were emotionally burdened with feelings such as ‘trying to hide the eczema’, ‘feeling guilty about eczema’, having ‘problems with intimacy’ and more. Of persons actually suffering from severe AE, 88% stated that their AE at least partly compromised their ability to face life.

Conclusions

This real‐life study shows that adults with a moderate to severe form of AE are suffering more than what would be deemed acceptable. There is a need for increased awareness of this problem among healthcare professionals, policymakers and the general public to support research in the development of new and more effective treatments and provide access to better and affordable health care for affected patients.
DNA barcoding uncovers extensive cryptic diversity in the African long‐fin tetra Bryconalestes longipinnis (Alestidae: Characiformes)
Authors: Arroyave Jairo , Martinez Christopher M. , Stiassny Melanie L. J.
Published: April 2019

To investigate the presence of cryptic diversity in the African longfin‐tetra Bryconalestes longipinnis, we employed DNA barcoding in a phylogeographic context, as well as geometric morphometrics, documenting for the first time genetic and body shape variation in the species. Analysis of cytochrome oxidase I gene (coI) sequence variation exposed extremely high levels of genetic differentiation among samples from across the geographic range of the species (up to 18%), certainly much greater than the traditionally employed c. 3% sequence divergence heuristic threshold for conspecifics. Phylogeographic analyses of coI data revealed eight clusters/clades that diverge by >4% and up to 18% (p‐distance), potentially representing cryptic members of a species complex. A clear biogeographic pattern was also uncovered, in which the two main coI lineages corresponded geographically with the upper Guinea (UG) and lower Guinea (LG) ichthyofaunal provinces of continental Africa, respectively. Within each of these main lineages, however, no apparent phylogeographic structuring was found. Despite strong genetic differentiation, there is considerable overlap in body shape variation between UG and LG populations. For the most part, morphological variation does not match the strength of the molecular phylogeographic signal. Therefore, the ability to reliably utilise external body shape for regional delimitation remains elusive. Further anatomical investigation appears necessary to establish whether compelling diagnostic morphological features do exist between the divergent lineages of the B. longipinnis complex uncovered in this study.
Taking Care of the Dyad: Frequency of Caregiver Assessment Among Veterans with Dementia
Authors: Davis Michelle L. , Hendrickson Jeanie , Wilson Nancy , Shrestha Srijana , Amspoker Amber B. , Kunik Mark
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES

This study assessed frequency of caregiver identification and needs of a sample of persons with dementia (PWDs) and their caregivers to determine whether needs were addressed and whether documentation increased with growing levels of self‐reported relationship problems and burden.

DESIGN

Cross‐sectional design using data from electronic medical record (EMR) review and baseline research assessments (Burden Interview and Mutuality Scale). Items from a caregiver assessment tool were used to identify documentation of important factors in clinical guidelines.

SETTING

Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 211 PWDs from a randomized controlled trial testing a psychosocial intervention for preventing aggression in PWDs.

MEASUREMENTS

EMRs for 12 months before participation in the original study were abstracted, using a tool created by the authors to assess documentation of information deemed important to caregiver assessment in clinical guidelines (eg, caregiver needs, caregiver well‐being, and caregiving context). The first two authors reviewed the EMRs, adjusting the tool, based on questions that arose.

RESULTS

Of 211 EMRs of PWDs reviewed, 177 (89%) identified caregivers. Of these, 88% identified the caregiver by name or relation to the PWD, 28% assessed caregiver well‐being, and 41% assessed caregiver needs. All EMRs assessing caregiver needs showed provision of caregiver support (including psychoeducation, skills training, or referrals for additional aid). Levels of self‐reported caregiver burden were not associated with documentation of assessment; however, higher levels of self‐reported relationship problems were positively associated with increased caregiver contact documentation and negatively associated with caregiver need documentation and Alzheimer Association referrals.

CONCLUSION

Healthcare providers identified caregivers in most of the sample, but less than 50% assessed their well‐being and needs. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1604–1609, 2019
The Brassicaceae‐specific secreted peptides, STMPs, function in plant growth and pathogen defense
Authors: Yu Zipeng , Xu Yang , Zhu Lifei , Zhang Lei , Liu Lin , Zhang Di , Li Dandan , Wu Changai , Huang Jinguang , Yang Guodong , Yan Kang , Zhang Shizhong , Zheng Chengchao
Published: April 2019

Low molecular weight secreted peptides have recently been shown to affect multiple aspects of plant growth, development, and defense responses. Here, we performed stepwise BLAST filtering to identify unannotated peptides from the Arabidopsis thaliana protein database and uncovered a novel secreted peptide family, secreted transmembrane peptides (STMPs). These low molecular weight peptides, which consist of an N‐terminal signal peptide and a transmembrane domain, were primarily localized to extracellular compartments but were also detected in the endomembrane system of the secretory pathway, including the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identified 10 STMP family members that are specific to the Brassicaceae family. Brassicaceae plants showed dramatically inhibited root growth upon exposure to chemically synthesized STMP1 and STMP2. Arabidopsis overexpressing STMP1, 2, 4, 6, or 10 exhibited severely arrested growth, suggesting that STMPs are involved in regulating plant growth and development. In addition, in vitro bioassays demonstrated that STMP1, STMP2, and STMP10 have antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bacillus subtilis, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, demonstrating that STMPs are antimicrobial peptides. These findings suggest that STMP family members play important roles in various developmental events and pathogen defense responses in Brassicaceae plants.
Gibberellin repression of axillary bud formation in Arabidopsis by modulation of DELLA‐SPL9 complex activity
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Qi , Wang Jia‐Gang , Wang Ling‐Yan , Wang Jun‐Fang , Wang Qun , Yu Ping , Bai Ming‐Yi , Fan Min
Published: April 2019

The formation of lateral branches has an important and fundamental contribution to the remarkable developmental plasticity of plants, which allows plants to alter their architecture to adapt to the challenging environment conditions. The Gibberellin (GA) phytohormones have been known to regulate the outgrowth of axillary meristems (AMs), but the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that DELLA proteins regulate axillary bud formation by interacting and regulating the DNA‐binding ability of SQUAMOSA‐PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE 9 (SPL9), a microRNA156‐targeted squamosa promoter binding protein‐like transcription factor. SPL9 participates in the initial regulation of axillary buds by repressing the expression of LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (LAS), a key regulator in the initiation of AMs, and LAS contributes to the specific expression pattern of the GA deactivation enzyme GA2ox4, which is specifically expressed in the axils of leaves to form a low‐GA cell niche in this anatomical region. Nevertheless, increasing GA levels in leaf axils by ectopically expressing the GA‐biosynthesis enzyme GA20ox2 significantly impaired axillary meristem initiation. Our study demonstrates that DELLA‐SPL9‐LAS‐GA2ox4 defines a core feedback regulatory module that spatially pattern GA content in the leaf axil and precisely control the axillary bud formation in different spatial and temporal.
Differential regulation of phasic dopamine release in the forebrain by the VTA noradrenergic receptor signaling
Authors: Kielbinski Michał , Bernacka Joanna , Solecki Wojciech B.
Published: April 2019

Phasic dopamine (DA) release from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) into forebrain structures is implicated in associative learning and conditional stimulus (CS)‐evoked behavioral responses. Mounting evidence points to noradrenaline signaling in the VTA as an important regulatory input. Accordingly, adrenergic receptor (AR) blockade in the VTA has been shown to modulate CS‐dependent behaviors. Here, we hypothesized that α1‐ and α2‐AR (but not β‐AR) activity preferentially modulates phasic, in contrast to tonic, DA release. In addition, these effects could differ between forebrain targets. We used fast‐scan cyclic voltammetric measurements in rats to assess the effects of intra‐VTA microinfusion of terazosin, a selective α1‐AR antagonist, on electrically evoked phasic DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Terazosin dose‐dependently attenuated phasic, but not tonic, DA release in the NAc core, but not in the mPFC. Next, we measured the effects of intra‐VTA administration of the α2‐AR selective antagonist RX‐821002 on evoked DA in the NAc core. Similar to the effects of α1‐AR blockade, intra‐VTA α2‐AR blockade with RX‐0821002 strongly and dose‐dependently attenuated phasic, but not tonic, DA release. In contrast, no regulation by RX‐821002 was observed in the mPFC. This effect was sensitive to intra‐VTA blockade of D2 receptors with raclopride. Finally, the β‐AR antagonist propranolol ineffectively modulated DA release in the NAc core. These findings revealed both α1‐ and α2‐ARs in the VTA as selective regulators of phasic DA release. Importantly, we demonstrated that AR blockade modulated mesolimbic, in contrast to mesocortical, DA release in previously unstudied heterogeneity in AR regulation of forebrain phasic DA.

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Case series of neck accessory tragus
Authors: Yin Xu‐feng , Shi Jian , Hua Zhi‐xiang , Miao Xu , Zhou Bing‐rong
Published: April 2019

We report three cases of neck accessory tragus, which is the largest number of cases with dermatologists reported in China. Neck accessory tragus belongs to special accessory auricular anomaly. Case 1: A 5‐year‐old girl presented with a skin‐colored mass above her right clavicle since birth. Physical examination revealed a pea‐sized mass positioned above the right clavicle. Case 2 and case 3 were a 3‐month‐old female infant and a 4‐month‐old male infant, respectively. Both of their parents complained that the masses gradually increased in front of the neck. Histopathologically, all of the three cases showed cartilage beneath the subcutaneous tissue. All cases were diagnosed as cervical auricles.
Professional pride: A qualitative descriptive study of nursing home staff’s experiences of how a quality development project influenced their work
Authors: Vikström Sofia , Johansson Karin
Published: April 2019

Aims and objectives

To explore and describe how daily work at a nursing home had been influenced by a quality improvement project, from the perspective of direct care staff.

Background

Deficiencies in nursing home care are widely reported, often with a focus on lack of competence among direct care staff. The present trend in quality development in nursing homes brings direct care staff's perspectives into focus through participatory action research approaches. Still, little is known about how staff experience the impact of such projects on their everyday work.

Design

The study was designed as an interpretive descriptive study, based on interviews with nursing home staff. The methods were conducted in accordance with the SRQR guidelines.

Results

The analysis revealed that the participants reasoned on whether the improvement project contributed to their possibilities perform their work at the unit for the benefit of the residents. This was strongly connected to their professional pride. The participants reflected on this through three changes generated by the project: (a) participating in project activities—supporting or threatening daily work at the unit, (b) from performing individual duties towards a shared responsibility and (c) confirming and strengthening competence that brings the everyday situation of residents into focus.

Conclusion

The importance of professional pride identified in this study points towards a need for reducing barriers for direct care staff to express and develop competences they regard as part of their professional identity. The findings also shed some light on competence that brings the everyday situation of residents into focus as a driving force behind lack of compliance and resistance to change.

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings indicate a call for quality development designs to reduce barriers for care staff to express and develop knowledge that they regard as part of their professional identity.
Urban revival by Millennials? Intraurban net migration patterns of young adults, 1980–2010
Authors: Lee Yongsung , Lee Bumsoo , Shubho Md Tanvir Hossain
Published: April 2019

This study investigates neighborhood scale net migration of young adults in the top 20 urbanized areas (UAs) in the United States between 1980 and 2010. Both descriptive and regression analyses show that Generation Xers and Millennials were more likely to net migrate into central locations and less aversive to high density at their young ages than late boomers were in the 1980s. Consumption amenities are a critical factor that distinguishes the net migration patterns between young and old adult groups and became a more important location factor for young adults in the 2000s (late Gen Xers and older Millennials) than in the 1990s (early Gen Xers). There exists a considerable degree of heterogeneity across UAs and neighborhoods even within the same UAs.
Esophageal feeding tube placement and the associated complications in 248 cats
Authors: Breheny Craig R. , Boag Alisdair , Le Gal Alice , Hõim Sven‐Erik , Cantatore Matteo , Anderson Davina , Nuttall Tim , Chandler Marjoie L. , Gunn‐Moore Danièlle A.
Published: April 2019

Background

Esophageal feeding tubes are commonly used to provide enteral nutrition to cats, but their use is associated with adverse effects.

Objectives

To evaluate the complications associated with e‐tube placement in cats and to identify factors predisposing to these complications.

Animals

Cats that had an esophageal feeding tube placed (n = 248).

Methods

This was a retrospective case review in which clinical records were interrogated across 2 referral centers to identify records of cats that had esophageal tubes placed. Clinical data were collected for signalment, clinical indication, method of placement, time of removal, and any complications. Logistic regression was then employed to assess the odds of an increase in complications, including infection and death.

Results

For those cats that survived to discharge, tubes were in place for a median of 11 days, ranging from 1 to 93 days. Complications occurred in 35.8% of the cats, with the most common being tube dislodgement (14.5%), followed by stoma site infections (12.1%). Cats receiving glucocorticoids or oncolytic agents (OR = 3.91; 95% CI, 1.14‐13.44) and with discharge at the stoma site (OR = 159.8; CI, 18.9‐1351) were at an increased odds of developing a stoma site infection, whereas those with a lower weight (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.75) or (pancreatic [OR = 4.33; 95% CI, 1.02‐18.47], neoplastic [OR = 15.44; 95% CI, 3.67‐65.07], respiratory [OR = 19.66; 95% CI, 2.81‐137.48], urogenital [OR = 5.78; 95% CI, 1.15‐28.99], and infectious diseases [OR = 11.57; 95% CI, 2.27‐58.94]) had an increased odds of death. The duration of time in place and the cat being discharged with the tube in place were not associated with an increased risk of infection or death.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Owners should be made aware of the potential risks involved and their predisposing factors.