bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NUScon: A community-driven platform for quantitative evaluation of nonuniform sampling in NMR
Authors: Pustovalova Yulia , Delaglio Frank , Craft D. Levi , Arthanari Haribabu , Bax Ad , Billeter Martin , Bostock Mark J. , Dashti Hesam , Hansen D. Flemming , Hyberts Sven G. , Johnson Bruce A. , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof , Lu Hengfa , Maciejewski Mark , Miljenovic Tomas M. , Mobli Mehdi , Nietlispach Daniel , Orekhov Vladislav , Powers Robert , Qu Xiaobo , Robson Scott Anthony , Rovnyak David , Wagner Gerhard , Ying Jinfa , Zambrello Matthew , Hoch Jeffrey C. , Donoho David L. , Schuyler Adam D.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Although the concepts of non-uniform sampling (NUS) and non-Fourier spectral reconstruction in multidimensional NMR began to emerge four decades ago (Bodenhausen and Ernst, 1981; Barna and Laue, 1987), it is only relatively recently that NUS has become more commonplace. Advantages of NUS include the ability to tailor experiments to reduce data collection time and to improve spectral quality, whether through detection of closely spaced peaks (i.e., “resolution”) or peaks of weak intensity (i.e., “sensitivity”). Wider adoption of these methods is the result of improvements in computational performance, a growing abundance and flexibility of software, support from NMR spectrometer vendors, and the increased data sampling demands imposed by higher magnetic fields. However, the identification of best practices still remains a significant and unmet challenge. Unlike the discrete Fourier transform, non-Fourier methods used to reconstruct spectra from NUS data are nonlinear, depend on the complexity and nature of the signals, and lack quantitative or formal theory describing their performance. Seemingly subtle algorithmic differences may lead to significant variabilities in spectral qualities and artifacts. A community-based critical assessment of NUS challenge problems has been initiated, called the “Nonuniform Sampling Contest” (NUScon), with the objective to determine best practices for processing and analyzing NUS experiments. We address this objective by constructing challenges from NMR experiments that we inject with synthetic signals and we process these challenges using workflows submitted by the community. In the initial rounds of NUScon our aim is to establish objective criteria for evaluating the quality of spectral reconstructions. We present here a software package for performing the quantitative analyses and we present the results from the first two rounds of NUScon. We discuss the challenges that remain and present a road-map for continued community-driven development with the ultimate aim to provide best practices in this rapidly evolving field. The NUScon software package and all data from evaluating the challenge problems are hosted on the NMRbox platform.
Review Article: Permafrost Trapped Natural Gas in Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Birchall Thomas , Jochmann Malte , Betlem Peter , Senger Kim , Hodson Andrew , Olaussen Snorre
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Permafrost has become an increasingly important subject in the High Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. However, whilst the uppermost permafrost intervals have been well studied, the processes at its base and the impacts of the underlying geology have been largely overlooked. More than a century of coal, hydrocarbon and scientific drilling through the permafrost interval shows that accumulations of natural gas trapped at the base permafrost is common. They exist throughout Svalbard in several stratigraphic intervals and show both thermogenic and biogenic origins. These accumulations combined with the relatively young permafrost age indicate gas migration, driven by isostatic rebound, is presently ongoing throughout Svalbard. The accumulation sizes are uncertain, but one case demonstrably produced several million cubic metres of gas over eight years. Gas encountered in two boreholes on the island of Hopen appears to be situated in the gas hydrate stability zone and thusly extremely voluminous. While permafrost is demonstrably ice-saturated and acting as seal to gas in lowland areas, in the highlands it appears to be more complex, and often dry and permeable. Svalbard shares a similar geological and glacial history with much of the Circum-Arctic meaning that sub-permafrost gas accumulations are regionally common. With permafrost thawing in arctic regions, there is a risk that the impacts of releasing of sub-permafrost trapped methane is largely overlooked when assessing positive climatic feedback effects.
Tennis is a game of strong and resilient confidence
Authors: Young Janet
Published: August 2021

This paper reviews confidence’ and why it is important to players. Strategies for coaches to guide players in developing, maintaining and regaining (if required) confidence are highlighted.
Knowledge and Utilisation of Anti-Shock Garment Among Midwives of Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: A. Oluwatosin , Y.O. Lucia , A. Oluwadamilare , O.A. Prisca
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal mortality, yet it is one of the few obstetric complications, with proven and effective interventions. Non-Pneumatic Anti Shock Garment (NASG) is a high-quality, simple technology and low-cost first-aid device that reverses hypovolemic shock. While evidence has shown that this simple technology is effective in reducing PPH, the level of knowledge and utilisation is unclear. This underscored the need to assess the knowledge and utilisation of the NASG as a measure of controlling postpartum haemorrhage in Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Yemetu, Ibadan. Methods: This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design and questionnaires were used to gather data from the midwives. The convenience sampling technique was used to recruit one hundred and forty-four (144) midwives into the study. Data were analysed using version 21.0 of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) using Chi-square. Results: The findings of this study revealed that although 97.9% of participants responded that they had seen NASG before, only about half (47.1%) could describe what it looked like. While 96.4% claimed that they knew how to use the NASG, only 73.7% of them actually use it each time there was PPH. No significant association was found between knowledge and utilisation of the equipment (p=.298). Factors associated with non-usage include non-availability, inexperience, lack of skilled personnel, and poor attitude. Conclusion: There was a good level of utilisation of the Non-Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment for the management of postpartum haemorrhage, but only a few of the midwives were able to correctly describe it and not all were using it. Hence, refresher courses are hereby advocated to further improve NASG usage.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL KELUARGA TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PERSONAL HYGIENE LANSIA DI PANTI BINA LANJUT USIA JAYAPURA
Authors: Takamokan Risman , Patungo Viertianingsih
Published: August 2021

Personal hygiene merupakan hal yang sangat penting dan harus dipertahankan karena personal hygiene akan mempengaruhi kesehatan, kenyamanan, keamanan dan kesejahteraan. Lansia sangat rentan dengan berbagai penyakit dan mengalami penurunan fisik, sehingga kebutuhan personal hygiene lansia pun semakin tinggi. Dukungan keluarga sangat diharapkan dapat membantu pemenuhan personal hygiene lansia. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan sosial keluarga terhadap pelaksanaan personal hygiene lansia di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia Kabupaten Jayapura.Jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia Kabupaten Jayapura pada bulan Juli 2016. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh lansia di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia Kabupaten Jayapura dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 43 lansia. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisa dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan dukungan sosial keluarga terhadap pelaksanaan personal hygiene lansia di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia Kabupaten Jayapura. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa dukungan sosial keluarga lansia dalam pemenuhan personal hygiene lansia di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia sebagian besar kurang baik (53,5%) dan pelaksanaan personal hygiene lansia di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia sebagian besar dilakukan dengan baik (69,8%). Dengan tingginya dukungan sosial keluarga terhadap pemenuhan personal hygiene lansia, sehingga lansia dapat memenuhi kebutuhan personal hygiene.Kata kunci : Dukungan Sosial Keluarga, Personal Hygiene, Lansia
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT DENGAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT PADA BALITA
Authors: Hamid Abdul , Fatoni Imam , Rosyidah Inayatur
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dunia,Penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan  akut gampang tertular pada balita yang dimana dalam lingkunganya belum memenuhi criteria berperilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, Hal ini menjadi permasalahan yang seringkali di jumpai pada masyarakat sekitar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dengan kejadian infeksi saluran pernafasan akut pada balita. Metode penelitian ini yaitu analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. populasi dalam penelitian adalah Semua Ibu yang memiliki balita Di RW03  Desa Candimulyo Jombang, sejumlah 96 Ibu Balita dengan tehnik proposional random sampling. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini yaitu perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dan variabel dependen yaitu infeksi saluran pernafasan akut. Dengan instrument penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Pengolahan data menggunakan Editing, Scoring, Tabulatin. Tehnik analisa data menggunakan uji rank spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 61 responden ber PHBS sedang sejumlah 61 orang (79,2%), 16 responden berPHBS baik (20,8%) dan 50 responden (64,9%) pernah mengalami penyakit ISPA, 27 (35,1%)  responden tidak pernah mengalami ISPA. Hasil uji rank spearman di dapatkan nilai p<0,05yaitu p=0,001 sehingga H1 diterima. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu ada hubungan antara perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dengan kejadian infeksi saluran pernafasan akut pada balita.

Kata kunci: ISPA, PHBS, Balita
PENGARUH TUGAS PERKEMBANGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL ANAK USIA PRA SEKOLAH DI PUSKESMAS SP-3 WADIO KABUPATEN NABIRE
Authors: Adii Angelia , Patungo Viertianingsih , Tame Marthinus
Published: August 2021

Perkembangan anak pada usia prasekolah berpengaruhterhadap perkembangan pada periode berikutnya hingga anak menjadi dewasa.Anakbelajar mengenai berbagai hal termasuk dalam mengembangkan kemampuan motorik, kognitif,bahasa, serta sosial emosional. Salah satu aspek yang perlu diperhatikan yaitu perkembangan sosial emosional, sehingga dibutuhkan tugas keluarga dalam perkembangan anak yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh tugas perkembangan keluarga terhadap perkembangan sosial anak usia pra sekolah (family with preschool) di Puskesmas SP-3 Wadio Kabupaten Nabire. Metode penelitian berupa penelitian dengan metode korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional study di Puskesmas SP-3 Wadio pada 39 responden ibu yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2019. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner yang dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tugas perkembangan keluarga anak pra sekolah di Puskesmas SP-3 Wadio Kabupaten Nabire didapatkan pada kategori kurang sebanyak 10 orang (25,6%) dan kategori baik sebanyak 29 orang (74,4%). Perkembangan sosial anak kategori negatif sebanyak 11 orang (28,2%) dan kategori positif sebanyak 28 orang (71,8%). Ada hubungan tugas perkembangan keluarga terhadap perkembangan sosial anak pra sekolah di Puskesmas SP-3 Wadio Kabupaten Nabire (p-value = 0,000). Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu ada pengaruh tugas perkembangan keluarga terhadap perkembangan sosial anak pra sekolah di Puskesmas SP-3 Wadio Kabupaten Nabire. Saran bagi orang tua untuk dapat membentuk perkembangan sosial anak dengan berkomunikasi kepada anaknya agar lebih meningkatkan kepercayaan diri anak, sehingga perkembangan sosial anak memberikan banyak kegiatan yang positif agar belajar berinteraksi sosial dan mandiri yang pada akhirnya dapat hidup bermasyarakat dengan baik.Kata kunci: Tugas Perkembangan, Keluarga, Anak Pra Sekolah
PENGALAMAN KELUARGA MENJALANKAN TUGAS DALAM KESEHATAN SEBAGAI PENGAWAS MINUM OBAT (PMO) PADA BALITA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SENTANI
Authors: Patungo Viertianingsih
Published: August 2021

TB paru merupakan penyakit infeksi yang dapat menyerang siapa saja tanpa memandang usia dan jenis kelamin. Balita penderita TB paru tercatat memiliki insidensi tinggi di puskesmas Sentani setiap bulannya. Kemampuan keluarga dalam memberikan asuhan kesehatan akan mempengaruhi tingkat kesehatan keluarga dan individu. Kesanggupan keluarga melaksanakan perawatan atau pemeliharaan kesehatan dapat dilihat dari lima tugas kesehatan keluarga yang dilaksanakan misalnya dalam menjalankan tugas dalam kesehatan sebagai PMO pada balita penderita TB Paru. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memperoleh gambaran yang mendalam tentang pengalaman keluarga menjalankan tugas keluarga dalam kesehatan sebagai PMO pada balita penderita TB Paru di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sentani Kabupaten Jayapura. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan dipilih dengan teknik snowball sampling, dengan wawancara secara terstruktur mengenai pengalaman keluarga merawat anggota keluarganya yang masih balita dan menderita TB Paru. Sampel sebanyak lima orang yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh lima tema yaitu tugas keluarga mengenal masalah kesehatan yang terjadi pada balita penderita TB paru, tugas keluarga mengambil keputusan yang tepat dalam menghadapi masalah kesehatan TB pada balita, tugas keluarga merawat anggota keluarga yaitu balita yang menderita TB paru, tugas keluarga memodifikasi lingkungan yang sehat sesuai kondisi kesehatan anak yang menderita TB paru, serta tugas keluarga memanfaatkan fasilitas kesehatan yang ada. Disimpulkan bahwa keluarga belum menjalankan dengan maksimal kelima tugas keluarga dalam kesehatan sebagai PMO pada balita penderita. Disarankan agar keluarga sebagai orang terdekat dengan anak yang berperan sebagai PMO balita penderita TB paru untuk menjalankan tugasnya dengan baik dan bagi perawat komunitas khususnya di Puskesmas Sentani agar dapat meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap penderita TB Paru khususnya pada anak balita dengan mengadakan kunjungan lapangan sekaligus memberikan informasi langsung tentang anak yang beresiko terkena TB terutama apabila terdapat kontak pasien TB menular (pasien dewasa atau anak BTA positif) dalam lingkungan mereka.
Identification and Quantification of Metamizole in Traditional Herbal Medicines using Spectroscopy FTIR-ATR combined with Chemometrics
Authors: Fatmarahmi Dharmastuti Cahya , Susidarti Ratna Asmah , Swasono Respati Tri , Rohman Abdul
Published: August 2021

The study aims to develop an effective, efficient, and reliable method using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) combined with chemometric for identifying the synthetic drug in Indonesian herbal medicine known as Jamu. Jamu powders, Metamizole, and the binary mixture of Jamu and Metamizole were measured using FTIR-ATR at the mid-infrared region (4000-650 cm-1). The obtained spectra profiles were further analyzed by Principal Component Analysis, Partial Least Square Regression, Principal Component Regression, and Discriminant Analysis. Jamu Pegel Linu (JPL), Jamu Encok (JE), Jamu Sakit Pinggang (JSP), Metamizole (M), and adulterated Jamu by Metamizole were discriminated well on PCA score plot. PLSR and PCR showed the accuracy and precision data to quantify JPL, JE, and JSP, and each adulterated by M with R2 value > 0,995 and low value of RMSEC and RMSEP. Discriminant Analysis (DA) was successfully grouping Jamu and Metamizole without any misclassification. A combination of FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics offered useful tools for detecting Metamizole in traditional herbal medicine.
Antibiotic susceptibility profile of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca from Urinary tract infections
Authors: Kumar M. Sharmal , N. Arunagirinathan , M. Ravikumar
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production and antibiotic susceptibility profile of urinary tract infected bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. A total of 143 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from people suffering from urinary tract infections (UTIs) were included in this study. Among them, Escherichia coli (75%) were the predominantly isolated bacterial pathogen followed by Klebsiella oxytoca (14.6%) and K. pneumoniae (10.4%). Approximately 65% (n=93) of isolates were positive for ESBL production and E.coli was found to be the highest ESBL producer (67.6%) followed by K. oxytoca (57.1%) and K. pneumoniae (53.3%). E. coli showed high level of 86.1% resistance to cefotaxime and cefuroxime and 100% sensitive to imipenem and meropenem, whereas, K. oxytoca showed high level of 90.5% resistance to cefuroxime and 100% sensitive to amikacin, imipenem and meropenem. Similarly, K. pneumoniae showed high level of 73.3% resistance to nitrofurantoin and 93.3% sensitive to imipenem. This study reveals that majority of UTIs caused bacteria are ESBL producing multidrug-resistant bacteria and showing broad spectrum antibiotic resistance profile.
A Review on Extraction of Lipase from Aspergillus Species and its Applications
Authors: K Kavitha. , K Shankari. , S. S Meenambiga
Published: August 2021

Lipase enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of fats performs a variety of chemical reactions including esterification, trans-esterification, acidolysis and aminolysis. Lipases are widely used for biotechnological application in dairy industry, oil processing and production of surfactants and preparation of enatiomerically pure pharmaceuticals. Lipases are extracted from plants, animals and microorganisms whereas high amount of lipases are produced by microbes when compared to plants and animal source. Fungi serve as a major source in the production of industrial lipase. Fungi play a vital role in removing hazardous compounds formed by crude oil contamination from oil spill during lipase extraction. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium restrictum, Rhizomucar rhizopodiformis, Rhizopus oligosporous, Candida rugosa, Rhizopus oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum are few fungal species involved in the production of lipase. Among the species, Aspergillus species produce efficient amount of lipase. Lipase extracted from fungi is more stable and have more diverse properties compared to lipase from other source. Fungal lipases stand out as major source because of their catalytic activity, low cost of production and relative ease in genetic manipulation. This review focuses on the various methods of lipase extraction from Aspergillus species and its applications.
Application of African Customary Law: Tracing its Degradation and Analysing the Challenges it Confronts
Authors: Owino Lisa
Published: August 2021

Historically, African customary law has occupied the lower rungs of the legal ladder, often being set aside for more formal laws. This is primarily due to the introduction of western and religious legal systems through the exploration of western nations into Africa, missionary activity and, subsequently, colonisation. However, African countries – including Kenya – are making an effort to give due recognition to customary law. This paper discusses the steady degradation of customary law from the colonial period to the promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 where there are attempts to resuscitate its application, it also discusses the challenges that the courts may face in this application of customary law today and possible solutions to these challenges.
Call to Strengthen the Law on Insanity in Kenya
Authors: Wanyama Jentrix
Published: August 2021

The legal presumption of sanity is unfortunately sometimes disproved. Indeed, there are ailments that rob some members of society the ability to be responsible moral agents. When they err, confusion arises as to how to treat the situation. The defence of insanity is the law’s response to this peculiarity. This paper, through a study of the defence, argues that the current position in Kenya needs to be reviewed and reformed, with emphasis on the need for psychiatric expertise in the process.
Cognition and Volition Impairment in Criminal Conduct: A Look into the Application of the M’Naghten Test in Kenya
Authors: Ndunge Muoki
Published: August 2021

The M’Naghten test of insanity is applied in many common law countries including Kenya. It provides that to be legally insane, one must prove that the act or omission came from a disease of the mind that restricted someone from knowing what they are doing, and whether what they are doing is right or wrong in law. These requirements focus on the cognitive aspect of committing a crime. However, there exist cases where the accused commits an action based on an irresistible impulse that makes them unable to refrain from doing a certain action. This amounts to volitional impairment. Cognition and volition are important aspects to consider when evaluating legal insanity as a defence. This study seeks to explain the need for cognition and volition to be considered in the defence of insanity by describing the requirements of the M’Naghten rules with the objective to show its ignorance of the volitional aspect. Additionally, the study will delve into the need for both cognition and volition by expounding on what they entail and showing their application through the Model Penal Code test. Therein, the study will propose the use of the Model Penal Code test as a substitute for the M’Naghten rules applied in Kenya since it recognises the presence of both cognition and volition when committing a crime.
Structural Interdicts for Socio-economic Rights: What the Kenyan Jurisprudence Has Missed
Authors: Law Clinic Strathmore
Published: August 2021

The enforcement of socio-economic rights is unique as it necessitates positive action in policy-making and bears budgetary implications. Consequently, to prevent such enforcement from exceeding the scope established by the doctrine of ‘separation of powers’, because policy-making and budgetary allocation are under the executive and legislature respectively, the Kenyan Court of Appeal was hesitant to apply structural interdicts in the case of Kenya Airports Authority v Mitu-Bell Welfare Society & 2 others. This decision has outlawed structural interdicts from the Kenyan jurisprudential landscape and has failed to give a viable alternative judicial approach that should guide subsequent courts in enforcing socio-economic rights. This study looks into the origin and models of structural interdicts so as to analyse and critique this Court of Appeal’s decision by showing how the Court could have applied structural interdicts in the enforcement of socio-economic rights without impinging on the doctrine of separation of powers. This will be achieved through the use of literature review.
‘Constitution-making from the middle’
Authors: Scotland QC Rt. Hon Patricia
Published: August 2021

Today, Kenyans mark a great milestone - the 10th Anniversary of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010. The people of Kenya celebrate the Constitution because it is progressive, autochthonous and more importantly, it is about justice. Any good law is about justice, and for justice.
Patterns and predictors of reoffending among child sexual offenders: a rapid evidence assessment
Authors: Dowling Christopher , Boxall Hayley
Published: August 2021

A rapid evidence assessment was conducted to provide an updated review of reoffending research on child sexual offenders from January 2010 to March 2020. Thirty-three studies examining 55 independent samples of adult and juvenile child sexual offenders were reviewed. Across most studies, rates of sexual reoffending were 15 percent or less, and rates of general reoffending were between 20 and 54 percent. The evidence suggests that the cumulative likelihood of both general and sexual reoffending increases until about two to four years after contact with the criminal justice system, then stabilises. Escalation from non-contact to contact sexual offending is not common. Finally, the evidence suggests that juveniles are more likely to reoffend sexually and generally than adults.
TATA KELOLA PETA DI DALAM KKP (KOMPUTERISASI KEGIATAN PERTANAHAN) MENUJU TERWUJUDNYA SISTEM PETA TUNGGAL
Authors: Arnowo Hadi
Published: August 2021

Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) merupakan kegiatan pedaftaran seluruh bidang tanah secara lengkap dalamsatu hamparan desa/kelurahan. Output kegiatan PTSL antara lain adalah peta bidang tanah. Data spasial bidang tanahyang terkumpul dapat dijadikan basis data spasial menuju peta tunggal. Di dalam penelitian ini membahas tentang integrasidata spasial berbasis bidang tanah hasil dari kegiatan PTSL dengan data spasial yang sudah ada serta pengelolaan dataspasial bidang tanah yang berkembang akibat berbagai perubahan fisik bidang tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodedeskriptif analitik untuk menjelaskan mengenai masalah-masalah yang timbul dan langkah-langkah pengelolaan data spasialbidang tanah. Karya tulis ini merupakan suatu gagasan yang bersifat empiris dan teoritis mengenai pengelolaan peta-petabidang hasil kegiatan PTSL dalam rangka mewujudkan peta tunggal. Sedangkan tujuan penulisan ini adalah menjadi bahanmasukan bagi Kantor Pertanahan untuk menindaklanjuti hasil kegiatan PTSL berupa peta bidang sebagai bahan basis dataspasial pertanahan. Integrasi data spasial bidang tanah hasil PTSL dengan data spasial yang sudah ada harus melaluiprosedur dan persyaratan teknis. Hal tersebut karena data spasial yang dikumpulkan dan dientri tidak terjamin memilikiformat yang sama. Selain itu hasil dari integrasi peta harus memiliki keseragaman referensi peta sehingga dapat dijadikanpeta tunggal. Pengelolaan peta tunggal di dalam Komputerisasi Kantor Pertanahan (KKP) harus memiliki standar teknis danstandar manajerial pembuatan peta.
Actividad comercial en Nicaragua: Una explicación de las remesas y la inversión
Authors: Centeno Dunieckse Mayorga , Centeno Ramírez Larry , Contreras Corea Erick , Reyes Reyes Hesmérita
Published: August 2021

La actividad comercial es de mucha importancia para una economía, debido a que con el desarrollo de ella es que llegan los bienes y productos finales a los consumidores que buscan la satisfacción de sus necesidades. En Nicaragua se ubica en segundo lugar en el Índice Mensual de Actividad Económica (IMAE), llegando a experimentar un crecimiento interanual del 5.5% hasta 2020 y uno de 4.9% el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB). El crecimiento experimentado en la actividad ha surgido a pesar de acontecimientos sociales, políticos y de salud, considerándose en parte una explicación que surge del crecimiento de las remesas familiares percibidas por los nicaragüenses, así como de los proyectos de inversión impulsados por los sectores público y privado. De acuerdo con la teoría económica de Jhon Maynard Keynes, cuando los hogares tienen mayor renta disponible, sus acciones de compra para consumo tienden a aumentar dado que buscan alcanzar mayores niveles de vida; a la vez al dinamizarse los proyectos de inversión, se genera mayores oportunidades de empleo y, por lo tanto, incrementos en el ingreso; es por ello que en esta investigación se estima un modelo econométrico log-log para explicar la producción de la actividad comercial. El estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance correlacional y de diseño no experimental, se emplean fuentes de información secundaria obteniéndose los datos de la página web del Banco Central de Nicaragua (BCN). Los resultados reflejan que, tanto la producción del sector comercial como las remesas han experimentado un comportamiento creciente en una serie de 10 años, la inversión bruta, aunque no ha sido la excepción se ha visto afectada por el contexto nacional. Existe un 98% de explicación de las variables independientes para con la dependiente, lo que permite afirmar que éstas son explicativas en el desarrollo de la actividad comercial, con mayor aporte la inversión que las remesas, pero ambas con efectos inelásticos.
Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh Terhadap Dosis Radiasi Pada Angiografi Koroner
Authors: Sumarsono Sumarsono , Musdalifah Indah
Published: August 2021

the world. Ionizing radiation-based diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are increasingly being used in daily clinical practice, especially in cardiology during coronary angiography. The health risks of radiation are well known. Obesity has now become an epidemic. To investigate whether the patient's Body Mass Index (BMI) has an effect on the radiation dose received by the patient during diagnostic coronary angiography. This study was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional study design to analyze the dose parameters of 48 patients who underwent coronary angiography procedures in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Patient clinical radiation dose data in the form of kerma-area-product (DAP) and air-kerma at the intervention reference point (Ka, r) with information on the patient's height and weight to calculate the body mass index value. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson Correlation. The statistical test conducted shows that the value of BMI against DAP and KERMA has a P-value of 0.003 and 0.006, respectively. Because P-vaue is less than α = 0.01, there is a significant linear relationship between BMI and DAP values as well as BMI and KERMA. Obese patients require higher radiation doses than those with a normal BMI. Thus it can be used as a reference for increasing the radiation dose when performing the procedure in patients with increased BMI.
Kemampuan Atraktan (Fermentasi Singkong dan Air Rendaman Udang Laut) pada Perangkap Nyamuk dalam Pengendalian Nyamuk
Authors: Yunicho Yunicho , Sunu Baharuddin , Tahniar Tahniar
Published: August 2021

Mosquitoes are insects that act as vectors of disease. Some of the diseases caused by mosquitoes are Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), filariasis, Malaria, Chikungunya and Encephalitis. Cases of mosquito-borne diseases are always increasing and can cause death. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of attractant (fermented cassava and sea shrimp immersion) in mosquito traps in controlling mosquitoes. The research method used a quasi-experimental method. This research was conducted in Buhung Bundang Village, Bontotiro District, Bulukumba Regency. The results showed that the addition of attractants had the ability to attract mosquitoes to land on the traps. Of the two attractants used, fermented cassava was the most preferred attractant for mosquitoes compared to shrimp immersion attractant. The number of mosquitoes caught in all mosquito traps was 62. The number of mosquitoes in the cassava fermentation attractant was 36, while the shrimp immersion attractant was 26. The conclusion of this study shows that mosquito traps with the addition of attractants from fermented cassava and sea shrimp immersion can be used in mosquito control.
PERANCANGAN PROTOTIPE PENDIAGNOSA PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER DENGAN METODE BACKPROPAGATION
Authors: Iskandar Ranu , Prasetyo Prasetyo , Alfath Muhammad Rofiq Banu , Arifin Fatchul
Published: August 2021

Coronary heart disease is a disorder caused by the inhibition of arteries that drain blood to the heart muscle. This disease is a non-communicable disease which often results in death directly to the victims. This study aims to design an artificial neural network architecture using the backpropagation method that can predict a person having coronary heart disease by inputting cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels, and body mass index. This research is research and development. The research methods used in making this prototype, namely: (1) problem analysis, (2) needs analysis, (3) literature study, (4) prototype design, and (5) prototype testing. The patient data used to test the prototype were 20. The results show that the neural network model used has an average error value of 0.792% with 5000 training times. A diagnostic prototype for coronary heart disease using backpropagation was successfully built with good results.
PARTICIPATION OF THE PUBLIC IN POLISH
MUSEUMS
Authors: Jagodzińska Katarzyna
Published: August 2021

In the 21st century, participation is one of the
key words related to the operations of museums and debate
around them. The public are encouraged to co-create
museum projects: exhibitions, programmes that accompany
exhibitions, studies; they play the role of consultants and
advisors (youth councils, clubs, consultancy teams). Museums
are more and more widely ‘opening’ to embrace the public.
Never before has the position of visitors been as significant.
An overview of participatory programmes in Polish museums
is provided. They are classified and characterized by
the Author who places them within the philosophy of museum
operations, particularly with respect to the altering
role of museums, currently debated over within ICOM, with
the context of the new museum definition in mind; furthermore,
she presents the initial conclusions drawn from the
implementation of such projects for museums.
In the paper the material from interviews conducted
as part of the Atlas of Museum Participation Project
implemented with a grant from the Ministry of Culture and
National Heritage has been used.
Il paesaggio sonoro in relazione. Suono, movimento e immagini per stimolare complessità percettiva
Authors: Calia Angela
Published: August 2021

This article wants to explore the topic of the soundscape in the context of dance and video, especially in the site-specific creation process of dance live performances and video dance, with a brief mention to a particular type of audiovisual installations. The exploration develops starting from the soundscape that two dancing bodies produce merely moving in a dance rehearsal room, it continues with the description of a soundscape composed with sounds detected by a specific environment, and it ends with the analysis of the dance movie Car Men, by Paval Conen. The final reflections start from an example of dramaturgical use of sound in the context of film production and arrive at the description of laser drawing performance as a final example of perceptive complexity.
Groove Fields. Understanding the Dance Floor from an Art-Based Research Perspective
Authors: Matthias Sebastian
Published: August 2021

This contribution examines groove dynamics across various spatial contexts such as the dance club and the artistic performance space. As groove dynamics do not occur in a spatial vacuum but are embedded in affective environments, they need to be approached from an interdisciplinary perspective that ties together findings from experimental field studies, performance studies, musicology, cognitive hermeneutics etc. and places them in the physical, anatomic and acoustic contexts of concrete dance situations. In that way, the dance floor can be understood as a space of entanglements where acoustic, movement and kinaesthetic grooves mark and create a fluid territory of improvisational interaction and communication.
The regulating effects and mechanism of biochar and maifanite on copper and cadmium in a polluted soil-Lolium perenne L. system
Authors: Ding Yuan , Wang Weiya , Ao Shiying
Published: August 2021

Arable land polluted by copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) is a widespread problem. The use of biochar and/or clay mineral as a soil amendment can effectively solidify heavy metals in the soil. We applied biochar (BC), iron modified biochar (Fe-BC), maifanite (MF, a kind of clay minerals), a combination of BC with MF (BC:MF), and Fe-BC with MF (Fe-BC:MF) at a 2 wt % dose as soil amendments to study their ability to prevent Cu and Cd from accumulating in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). We found that after 90 days of cultivation, the Cd and Cu content both significantly decreased in ryegrass shoots from 2.06 and 209.3 mg kg−1 (control) to 1.44–2.01 and 51.50–70.92 mg kg−1, respectively, across treatments (p < 0.05). Similarly, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) for Cd/Cu was significantly smaller (P < 0.05) in all amendments versus control soil. This trend differed among the shoot, BCF, and transportation factor (TF). Combining BC:MF or Fe-BC:MF did not significantly improve the Cd/Cu stabilization in the soil compared to the corresponding single amendment (p > 0.05). Our adsorption balance experiment showed that BC, Fe-BC, and MF physically and chemically adsorbed Cd and Cu by complexation with functional groups (mesoporous nanomaterials) whose porosity measurements ranged from 0.68 to 78.57 m2 g−1. Furthermore, the amorphous crystalline iron oxide binding Cd and Cu was the key to immobilizing these metals in the soil. The amendments applied in our study show promise for enhancing immobilization of Cu and Cd in contaminated paddy soils.
Gender Role in Agricultural Technology: A Case of Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Md. Shajahan , Islam Md. Monjurul , Morshed Monzur , Hussain Shakawath , Akther Rahima
Published: August 2021

This study analyzed the gender role in agricultural activities with respect to the change of technologies and determine their implications for improvement of household status in Netrokona district. The study followed the simple random sampling technique to select 300 sample respondents for household survey through the semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis such as, number and percentages, was used. Multiple regressions used in order to explore the relationship between the income and other factors. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques were utilized. Women perception index (WPI) was measured using rank ordered approach. The findings showed that there has been significant change occurred with the livestock rearing activities which are 116.79% after adoption in new technology. According to this study, male are involved in decision making in the following activities as reported by the respondents: sale of produce (84%),  purchase and repair (78%), weed control (70%), land preparation (76%), spraying (65%) and planting (51%), where women respondents reported that they are mostly involves in harvesting 89%, processing 81%, manuring 48% and weed control 59%. Our research also shows that 78% and 73% of men have owned small equipment and thresher, Ox-plough, and power tiller where women own only 21 percent, 2 percent, and 5 percent respectively. It is evident that the perception regarding farming with adoption of new technology attain highest score and  2nd highest ranked perception is technical training on  technology, similarly the 3rd ranked occupied is adoption in HYV where last rank score on use of indigenous technology. It means that most of them prefer modern technology in terms of productivity. The experience on modern technology of respondents has a positive coefficient and it was 0.492. Given these facts, our research has explained what keeps women’s rates of modern agricultural technology adoption low.
Coffee Processing Wastewater Management: An Overview
Authors: Gururaj Asha , Kumar B. Manoj , Achyuth K. N. , Manoj B. R.
Published: August 2021

Globally, one amongst the major agro-based industry contributing significantly is Coffee. Coffee growing estates use water for pulping and the wastewater generated from coffee pulping activity is generally discharged to the water bodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of effluents from traditional wet coffee processing plants on the water quality. Coffee fruits are processed by two methods, wet and dry process. The wet processing produces a drink of higher quality and has the advantage of reducing the drying space area and time required. However, this preparation step generates high volume of coffee wastewater as it involves utilizing large volumes of water with concurrent generation of wastewater. Throughout wet processing, coffee fruits generate enormous quantities of high strength wastewater. The so generated wastewater is characterized by high concentrations of organic matter, low pH, nutrients, suspended matter associated with odor and dark color with high chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand requiring systematic treatment before disposal. The inadequate disposal of the coffee wastewater into environment directly without proper management and handling will pose aa pollution risk to receiving water body. Efforts have made by various researchers to evolve an alternative method for the treatment of coffee pulping waste and the same is discussed in this paper.
Perspectives of Teachers on Challenges of Teaching in Deaf Schools, Afghanistan
Authors: Sanaiy Gul Dad , Khavari Murtaza , Qanbari Sayed Yasin
Published: August 2021

Aims: this study aims  to investigate teachers ’perceptions about the challenges of teaching in deaf schools in  Kabul city, Afghanistan.

Study Design: This study was describing the status of Deaf schools in Kabul. For gathering information used questionnaire.

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: teachers participated from three deaf schools across Kabul city. Between September 2020 and June 2021.

Methodology: We included 74 (33 men, 41 women).  Data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.83%. T-test and ANOVA tests were used to analyze data.

Results: Results showed there was a significant difference between male and female teachers with challenges of teaching. There were no significant differences among specialist and non-specialist teachers, and experience of teaching with challenges of teaching.

Conclusion: there were four factors (students, teachers, content, and physical environment) that influence challenges of teaching.
Preparation and Characterization of Nano Structured Lipid Carriers for Ocular Bacterial Infection
Authors: Aher Shubhangi , Singh Ravindra Pal , Kumar Manish
Published: August 2021

The problem of bacterial conjunctivitis has dramatically increased in recent years due increased pollution and modern lifestyle. The present study was focused to fabricate Sparfloxacin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Spar-NLCs) for ophthalmic application to improve ocular penetration of drug and give sustained release of drug to reduce dosing frequency and toxic effect of drug associated with ocular membrane. A regular two-level factorial design was used to optimize the formulation parameters that are significantly affecting the formulation attributes. Spar-NLCs with particle size 171.1 ± 11 nm, zeta potential -49 ± 6.47 mV, entrapment efficiency 89.5 ± 5% and spherical in shape was obtained. Besides this, FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy results suggest that the drug is successfully incorporated in NLC and has excellent compatibility with the excipients. In vitro release study follows Korsmeyer peppas model and suggests that 81.35 ± 6.2% release of drug from Spar-NLCs in 12 hours. The result of ex-vivo permeation study demonstrated 349.75 ± 7.3 µg/cm2 of permeation of drug, 44.482 µg cm-2 hr -1 of flux, and 0.1482 cm hr-1 of permeability coefficient which is 1.7 folds higher than pure drug suspension. The antimicrobial activity of Spar-NLCs was better than the pure drug suspension and equivalent to the marketed formulation. Spar-NLC formulation did not showed any ocular damage, swelling, and redness in in -vivo Draize test. The ocular tolerance test (HET-CAM test) also suggests that the Spar-NLC formulation and its excipients were nonirritant to the ocular tissues. The formulation was found to be stable over the three month of stability study. Therefore, this work strongly suggest that Spar-NLCs has higher penetration and extended release of drug which can be effectively used in prevention of bacterial conjunctivitis.
A Clinical Trial on the Glycemic Index of Nutritional Product for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hung Nguyen Trong , Hang Le Thi , Phuong Tran Thi Tra , Anh Nguyen Thi Diep , Hien Vu Thi Thu , Thuy Bui Thi , Huyen Ngo Thi Thu , Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc , Nhung Le Thi Tuyet , Thoan Nguyen Van , Mai Truong Tuyet , Truong Nguyen Hong , Tuyen Le Danh
Published: August 2021

In the world as well as in Vietnam, diabetes have shown bad effects and there is increasing number of deaths over years because of diabetes as one of three leading causes of deaths. Penalver et al (2016) stated to achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary.

The type of food tested was Nutritional product (Vietnam). Nutritional product solution with 83.3g diluted in 390 ml water. The food-to-water ratio followed the processing instruction from the manufacturer.

In this study we discover a low GI of nutritional product, as of (48.2 ± 5.3). And also, we found out there is decrease (slow) of responses of mean blood glucose (Nutritional product) after 90 minutes (4.7 mmol/L) till 120 minutes (4.3 mmol/L). As we conduct this paper with younger subjects, comparing to older people, they can regulate blood sugar better.

Finally, we also compare to other previous studies for literature review.
Evaluating the Effect of Complete Dentures on Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders Analyzed by Craniomandibular Index in Completely Edentulous Patients- A Study Protocol
Authors: Nimonkar Sharayu , Godbole Surekha , Belkhode Vikram , Nimonkar Pranali
Published: August 2021

Background: A Temporo-mandibular disorder (TMD) itself is a cumulative terminology used to indicate the situations which entails the pain alone or in association with dysfunction of the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with or without involving the associated structures. One of the main cause of developing TMD is the loss of tooth. The completely edentulous patients also have reported high prevalence of TMD as in dentulous patients. 

Methods: It is a prospective interventional study that will be carried out in three years. The sample size will be those completely edentulous subjects, who has not used dentures for a duration of  six  months to five years  of tooth extraction. Such subjects will then be subjected to anamnestic component of Helkimos Index for screening purpose.110 subjects exhibiting mild to severe signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular disorders will be considered as the study participants for the study. Study participants will be categorized as Group A (study participants having mild symptoms of TMD, n=55) and the second will be Group B (study participaants having severe symptoms of TMD, n=55). The Craniomandibular Index will be used to score the severity of the TMD before denture insertion. The initial recorded score will be then correlated with the score obtained after 3 months of delivery of denture. Descriptive as well as analytical statistics will be performed. The statistical relevance among the Group A and Group B before intervention and after 3months of intervention will be assessed at p<0.05. 

Discussion: Through the study results we anticipate a fall in CMI score i.e improvement by lowering the intensity of TMD due to intervention by complete dentures in completely edentulous subjects. In case the above Hypothesis is not proved, then prevalence of TMD among patients who are completely edentulous needs to be anticipated with the factors such as anatomical or pathological diversities in TMJ and not to be associated with changes in vertical dimensions because of teeth loss.