bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ainda invisíveis?
Authors: Reis Ruth de Cássia dos , Geraldes Elen Cristina , Zanetti Daniela
Published: October 2022

A partir da observação de que pesquisa em comunicação sobre a questão da mulher e do feminismo tem se ampliado nas últimas décadas, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as características dessa produção, suas temáticas, inscrições nos campos científicos, metodologias, autoras e autores de referência e a forma como dialogam com pressupostos do movimento feminista e da discussão de gênero. Um desafio que se coloca também é de ordem metodológica, que implica no recurso a métodos digitais para mapear e analisar grandes volumes de dados. Nesta pesquisa, são analisados 622 artigos apresentados nos dois principais congressos de Comunicação do Brasil, Intercom e Compós, entre 2000 e 2019. Conclui-se, entre outros pontos, que as pesquisas estão distribuídas por todo o Brasil, há predominância de mulheres pesquisadoras, hegemonia dos estudos de representação e discurso e recorrência de autores masculinos e europeus.
De onde vem a informação que circula em grupos bolsonaristas no WhatsApp
Authors: Santos Nina , Chagas Viktor , Marinho Juliana
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender os caminhos informativos acionados em grupos bolsonaristas no WhatsApp em dois níveis. Primeiro, caracterizamos as fontes de informação mobilizadas e o que a priorização de determinados atores informativos pode significar no debate político. Em seguida, realizamos uma análise específica do YouTube como fonte informativa. Nossos resultados apontam um papel minoritário das mídias tradicionais como fontes de informação acionadas. Além disso, identificamos um papel central dos chamados influencers, o que parece apontar para uma valorização de mediações menos institucionalizadas e mais pessoais da informação. Já a análise da interação entre Youtube e WhatsApp revelou que os links do YouTube mais compartilhados em grupos bolsonaristas tendem a: (1) ter um maior número de likes; (2) ser compartilhados no WhatsApp tão logo publicados no YouTube; e (3) ser tirados do ar (seja pelos próprios usuários ou pelas plataformas) algum tempo depois de publicados.
Psikolojik Danışmanlar için Kişilerarası Stres Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması
Authors: KURTULUŞ Emin , YILDIRIM KURTULUŞ Hacer , DÜŞÜNCELİ Betül
Published: October 2022

Considering that the therapeutic relationship and therapeutic conditions are inseparable conditions for the counseling process, it is important to bring a scale to the Turkish literature to examine the interpersonal stress experienced by counselors during the counseling process. In this research, the scale adaptation process from one language to another language was carried out. In this context, validity and reliability studies were carried out in 4 different samples. As a result of the research, it was seen that there was a moderate and high-level significant relationship between the Turkish and English forms of the scale in all of the items. With this, it is seen that the four-dimensional structure (χ2/sd=2.881) was confirmed in the CFA results of the linguistic adaptation process in the validity and reliability study of ISSC. When the fit values of the ISSC are examined (RMSEA=.08, SRMR=.07, GFI=.89, and AGFI=.85), it is seen that the four-dimensional structure of the scale's CFA results is confirmed. Considering the item-total correlation of the ISSC, it is seen that the item-total scores vary between .237 and .634. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient calculated for the reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be .878, and the McDonald's ω coefficient was .874. When the test-retest results of the Turkish version of the scale were examined, it was concluded that the reliability value was r=.79 (p
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Following a Large-Scale Vaccination Campaign in Portugal: Results of the National Serological Survey, September - November 2021
Authors: Kislaya Irina , Gonçalves Paulo , Ramalhete Sara , Barreto Marta , Torres Ana Rita , Gaio Vânia , Gómez Verónica , Manita Carla , Almeida Santos João , Soeiro Sofia , De Sousa Rita , Melo Aryse , Henriques Camila , Guiomar Raquel , Rodrigues Ana Paula , ISNCOVID-19 Group On Behalf of
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Following a COVID-19 mass vaccination campaign, it is important to evaluate the population level of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence rate of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies acquired due to infection or vaccination in the Portuguese population.Material and Methods: The National Serological Survey (third wave – ISN3COVID-19) is a cross-sectional nationwide epidemiological study developed on a sample of 4545 Portuguese residents aged one year or older, between the 28th September 2021 and the 19th November 2021. The SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleoprotein and anti-spike IgG antibody levels were determined in serum samples using Abbott Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassays. Seroprevalence estimates were stratified by age group, sex, administrative region and self-reported chronic conditions. Medians and respective 95% confidence intervals were used to describe the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in specific population subgroups.Results: The total seroprevalence rate of SARS-CoV-2 was 86.4% (95% CI: 85.2% to 87.6%). A higher seroprevalence rate was estimated for women (88.3%), 50 to 59 years-old (96.5%) and in those with two or more self-reported chronic conditions (90.8%). A higher IgG (anti-Spike) concentration was observed in individuals vaccinated with the booster dose (median = 1 2601.3 AU/mL; 95% CI: 4127.5 to 19 089.1).Conclusion: There was a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the mass vaccination campaign in Portugal. It is important to continue to monitor the distribution of specific SARS-COV-2 antibody at the population level to further inform public health policies.
Role of Emotional Intelligence in Dyadic Adjustment of Married Couples
Authors: Zaidi Shahrbano , Razia Esha-tur- , Shoaib Sidra
Published: October 2022

This study aims to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and dyadic adjustment of married individuals. It was hypothesized, that there will be a significant positive relationship of emotional intelligence with dyadic adjustment of married individuals. This study employed a quantitative correlation survey research design. The sample of this study consisted of married individuals (N = 205) that were approached via purposive snowball sampling technique. The demographic shows that 138 (67.3%) participants were females while males were 67 (32.7%) and their years of marriages were from 10-50 (M= 12.97; 56 & SD=10.62).The data was collected through a google form which included informed consent, demographic information form, Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS). The results revealed a significant weak positive relationship of emotional intelligence with dyadic adjustment of married individuals. Furthermore, the emotional intelligence remained high as years of marriage progressed but dyadic adjustment decreased with the increase in years of marriage. This implies that emotional intelligence and years of marriage play a limited role in the dyadic adjustment of married individuals. The current findings can be utilized in the development of indigenous intervention plans for marital adjustment and conflict resolution.
PEMERIKSAAN PAP SMEAR SEBAGAI UPAYA DETEKSI DINI KANKER SERVIK DI PUSAT KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT REJOSO, NGANJUK
Authors: Gondo Mastutik  , Sjahjenny Mustokoweni
Published: October 2022

Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah menyampaikan informasi tentang tata cara deteksi dini kanker servik untuk menurunkan jumlah kasus kanker servik stadium lanjut. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 71 orang wanita di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (PKM) Rejoso, Nganjuk, yang berusia 28-59 tahun. Peningkatan pemahaman peserta tentang faktor risiko kanker servik diukur dengan kuisioner yang diberikan sebagai pre-test dan post-test. Setelah mengikuti pemaparan materi, terdapat peningkatan pemahaman sebanyak 11,18%. Faktor risiko peserta terhadap kanker servik adalah melakukan hubungan seksual pada usia kurang dari 20 tahun sebanyak 29,27%, melakukan hubungan seksual dengan lebih dari satu orang termasuk apabila menikah lebih dari satu kali sebanyak 17,07%, melahirkan banyak anak yaitu > 5 kali yaitu 7,32%, sering mengalami infeksi daerah kelamin atau keputihan yaitu 21,95%, dan tidak rutin melakukan pemeriksaan pap smear yaitu 24,39%. Hasil pemeriksaan pap smear menunjukkan bahwa semua peserta kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dinyatakan normal yang meliputi papanicolau class I dan II yaitu dengan diagnosis normal smear, normal atopic smear, dan tidak terdapat lesi intra epithelial maupun keganasan. Kesimpulannya adalah kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang tata cara deteksi dini kanker servik. Hasil pemeriksaan pap smear pada kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa semua peserta dinyatakan sehat sehingga bisa mengulang pemeriksaan pap smear 2 tahun lagi.
Diminished function of cytotoxic T- and NK- cells in severe alcohol-associated hepatitis
Authors: Kim Adam , Ross Christina K. Cajigas-Du , Dasarathy Jaividhya , Bellar Annette , Streem David , Welch Nicole , Dasarathy Srinivasan , Nagy Laura E.
Published: October 2022

Aim: Metabolic liver diseases, including alcohol- and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (ALD/NAFLD), are characterized by inflammation and decreased ability to prevent infections. Patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (sAH) are particularly susceptible to infections while undergoing treatment with steroids. Understanding the immunological mechanisms for these responses is critical to managing the treatment of patients with metabolic liver diseases. Cytotoxic NK cells and CD8 T cells, using cytolytic granules, serve an important immunological role by killing infected cells, including monocytes. However, patients with sAH have dysfunctional NK cells, which cannot kill target cells, though the mechanism is unknown. Method: We performed an exploratory study using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) (n = 4) and multi-panel intracellular flow cytometry (n = 7-8 for all patient groups) on PBMCs isolated from patients with sAH and healthy controls (HC). Results: ScRNA-seq revealed receptors in NK cells and CD8 T cells required for cytotoxic cell recognition of activated monocytes were downregulated in patients with sAH compared to healthy controls. Granulysin was the most downregulated gene in both NK cells and effector CD8 T cells. In NK cells from HC, expression of granulysin, perforin, and granzymes A and B was highly correlated; however, in sAH, these genes lost coordinate expression, indicative of dysfunctional cytolytic granule formation. Finally, the expression of cytolytic granule proteins in NK cells was decreased from sAH, indicating reduced cytolytic granules. Conclusion: Together, these results suggest a loss of cytotoxic cell function in PBMCs from sAH that may contribute to a decreased ability to communicate with other immune cells, such as monocytes, and prevent the killing of infected cells, thus increasing the risk of infection.
Finite approximation of zero-sum games played in staircase-function continuous spaces
Authors: Романюк Вадим Васильович
Published: October 2022

Background. There is a known method of approximating continuous zero-sum games, wherein an approximate solutionis considered acceptable if it changes minimally by changing the sampling step minimally. However, the method cannotbe applied straightforwardly to a zero-sum game played with staircase-function strategies. Besides, the independence ofthe player’s sampling step selection should be taken into account.Objective. The objective is to develop a method of finite approximation of zero-sum games played in staircase-functioncontinuous spaces by taking into account that the players are likely to independently sample their pure strategy sets.Methods. To achieve the said objective, a zero-sum game, in which the players’ strategies are staircase functions of time,is formalized. In such a game, the set of the player’s pure strategies is a continuum of staircase functions of time, andthe time is thought of as it is discrete. The conditions of sampling the set of possible values of the player’s pure strategyare stated so that the game becomes defined on a product of staircase-function finite spaces. In general, the samplingstep is different at each player and the distribution of the sampled points (function-strategy values) is non-uniform.Results. A method of finite approximation of zero-sum games played in staircase-function continuous spaces is pre-sented. The method consists in irregularly sampling the player’s pure strategy value set, solving smaller-sized matrixgames, each defined on a subinterval where the pure strategy value is constant, and stacking their solutions if they areconsistent. The stack of the smaller-sized matrix game solutions is an approximate solution to the initial staircase game.The (weak) consistency of the approximate solution is studied by how much the payoff and optimal situation change asthe sampling density minimally increases by the three ways of the sampling increment: only the first player’s increment,only the second player’s increment, both the players’ increment. The consistency is decomposed into the payoff, opti-mal strategy support cardinality, optimal strategy sampling density, and support probability consistency. It is practicallyreasonable to consider a relaxed payoff consistency.Conclusions. The suggested method of finite approximation of staircase zero-sum games consists in the independentsamplings, solving smaller-sized matrix games in a reasonable time span, and stacking their solutions if they are con-sistent. The finite approximation is regarded appropriate if at least the respective approximate (stacked) solution ise-payoff consistent.
Feasibility Study of Cable Routing for Bi-Planar Trajectory Tracking in Cable Driven Lower Limb Exoskeleton
Authors: Prasad Rajan , El-Rich Marwan , Awad Mohammad I. , Agrawal Sunil K. , Khalaf Kinda
Published: October 2022

Although Cable driven rehabilitation devices (CDRD) have advantages over traditional link-driven devices, including lightweight, ease of reconfiguration, remote actuation, etc, the majority of existing lower-limb CDRD is limited to rehabilitation in the sagittal plane. In this work, we extend our previous sagittal plane model (2DOF) to accommodate hip motion in the frontal plane (abduction/adduction) toward studying the feasibility of tracking bi-planar motion (combined frontal and sagittal plane motion) via intra-planar cable routing. Two optimization problems have been formulated to estimate an optimal location of the hip cuffs, first to estimate the optimal cuff location at each time step to identify a single ‘averaged’ optimal cuff location and second to calculate a single optimal cuff location for the entire gait cycle. The optimization solutions identified for the 3DOF model revealed that optimization of the location of cuffs on the anterior and posterior side of the hip joint for 4 cable configuration is not sufficient to generate the desired bi-planar motion. For simultaneous tracking of the bi-planar motion, 2 additional cables have been added at hip joints and are routed in an intra-planar manner. The simulation result with the 3DOF model confirmed successful bi-planar trajectory tracking. The various number of cables and cable routings for tracking bi-planar motion will be studied in future work.
Cross-Well Reflection Imaging at the Verkhnekamskoe Potash Deposit
Authors: Chugaev A.V. , Sanfirov I.A. , Tarantin M.V.
Published: October 2022

—We propose the technique of extended processing of cross-well seismic data for reflection imaging. Based on the analysis of the wave field and synthetic modeling, a graph for processing cross-well data is developed to separate the reflections in the presence of a boundary of a sharp change in the velocity of elastic waves. The migration of the reflected waves from the time scale to the depth is performed by solving a forward problem for each source–receiver pair. As a result, the position of the reflection points is calculated, after which all the traces are stacked based on the binning grid. The input information for performing migration and solving a forward problem is the velocity characteristic of the massif, which is calculated using traveltime tomography on direct body waves obtained from the same data set of cross-well survey and vertical seismic profiling. The resulting depth seismic section has a much higher resolution than that of vertical seismic profiling and ground-based shallow seismic studies. This opens up the opportunity of identifying different small natural or technogenic objects in the interwell space.
Study on the effect of oil supply on the friction state of the micro-texture surface of sliding guide
Authors: Yu jiefan , Li bin , Xia jing , Su yu , Liu fanghua , Chu zepeng
Published: October 2022

To investigate the law and mechanism of the effect of oil supply (initial oil film thickness) on the friction state of the micro-texture surface of the sliding guide. The friction and wear experiment of pin-slider surface contact is carried out to study the influence law of initial oil film thickness on friction coefficient, contact surface temperature, and lubrication state at different velocities. This experiment reveals the wear mechanism of the micro-texture surface under different initial oil film thickness, and establishes the lubrication state control model of the micro-texture surface. The results show that the velocity and initial oil film thickness have a more significant effect on the friction properties of the micro-texture surface. When the velocity is less than 0.06 m/s, the contact surface has been in the semi-dry friction state with the initial oil film thickness increases, the COF decreases by up to 13.32%, and the micro-textured surface produces abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and fatigue wear. When the velocity is more significant than 0.06 m/s, as the initial oil film thickness increases, the contact surface transits from the semi-dry friction state to the boundary lubrication state, and the COF decreases by up to 44.96%. When the velocity increases to 0.18 m/s and the initial oil film thickness is more significant than 19.8 µm, the micro-texture has a hydrodynamic pressure effect and the contact surface in the mixed lubrication state. The wear surface of the micro-texture has only slight abrasive wear, and the COF decreases by 64.07% at the highest. The study lays the theoretical foundation for the control of the lubrication state of the sliding guide surface to improve the sliding guide motion accuracy and service life.
The relationship between honesty-credit, specialty identity, career Identity and performance intention among rural-Oriented tuition-waived medical students of China in the context of COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xuewen , Sun Bing , Tian Zhuang , Yu Bin , Wei Chao , Zhang Ying , Zheng Canlei , Chen Xuejun , Liu Qing
Published: October 2022

Background: Whether the rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students fulfil the contract to work in rural medical institutions after graduation is directly related to the improvement of rural health quality. This study not only quantitatively measured the direct impact of honesty-credit, specialty identity, career identity on RTMSs' performance intention, but also quantifies the intermediary role of specialty identity and career identity between honesty-credit and performance intention. The research results provide recommendations for the RTME program to achieve its goal of training rural primary health care personnel.
Methods: From March to May 2022, a total of 1162 RTMSs were selected as the research objects, honesty-credit, specialty identity, career identity and performance intention were quantitated by self-completed questionnaire. Person correlation analysis and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were used for statistical analysis and mediating effect evaluation.
Results: 455 (42.3%) of RTMSs had high performance intention, and honesty-credit had a significant direct positive effect on performance intention (β=0.198, p<0.001), specialty identity (β=0.653, p<0.001) and career identity (β=0.180, p<0.001). Specialty identity has a direct positive effect on career identity (β=0.777, p<0.001), and the latter also has a direct positive effect on performance intention (β=0.321, p<0.001). In the intermediary path between honesty-credit and performance intention, career identity 95%CI:( 0.007)– (0.051) had significant mediating effects. Career Identity 95%CI:( 0.030)– (0.149) also had significant mediating effects between specialty identity and performance intention, and specialty identity had significant mediating effects between honesty-credit and career Identity, 95%CI:( 0.465)– (0.760). These results strongly confirm that honesty-credit, specialty identity, career identity are early and powerful predicators of RTMSs' performance intention.
Conclusion: Medical universities need to strengthen the sense of honesty-credit and performance of RTMSs, and make clear their important contribution and significance of their role to the country, society, and realize the national expectation and individual win-win development.
The Global Climate-Change-Attributed Costs of Extreme Weather
Authors: Newman Rebecca , Noy Ilan
Published: October 2022

Extreme weather events have significant adverse costs for individuals, firms, communities, regional, and national economies. Extreme Event Attribution (EEA), a methodology that examines the degree to which anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions had changed the occurrence of specific extreme weather events, allows us to quantify the climate-change-induced component of these costs. We use EEA to aggregate the global economic damage from extreme weather events that is attributable to anthropogenic climate change. For that, we collect data from all available attribution studies which estimate the Fraction of Attributable Risk (FAR) for extreme events, and combine these FAR estimates with data on the socio-economic costs of these events. With extrapolation for missing data, we then arrive at our benchmark estimates. We find that US$ 143 billion per year, of the costs of extreme events during the last twenty years, is attributable to anthropogenic climatic change. This EEA-based method for calculating the costs of climate change from extreme weather differs fundamentally from other approaches to climate cost estimation. Those other approaches use macroeconomic modelling embedded within climate models in various types of Integrated Assessment Models (IAM). As we show, our research is not directly comparable, but it does provide a new form of evidence that suggests that most IAMs are substantially under-estimating the current economic costs of climate change. Given some of the data deficiencies we identify in terms of temporal and spatial coverage, the purpose here is not to produce a definitive quantification, but rather to sketch a path towards a more comprehensive and reliable estimation. As better EEA studies and more thorough and exhaustive economic costs estimates for extreme events become available over time, and the method is refined, the precision of this approach's estimates will increase in tandem.
Long Run Predictions Using Gompertz Curves- A State Wise Analysis of COVID -19 Infections in India
Authors: ADHIKARY ABHIGAYAN , Pal Manoranjan
Published: October 2022

The aim of this paper is to perform a State wise Analysis of the First and the Second Covid Waves experienced by India using the Gompertz Curves and to estimate the maximum number of affected individuals for each wave with the best possible accuracy. A total of 21 large States are chosen for the analysis encompassing 97% of the Indian population. Data on cumulative number of cases is available till 31st October 2021. The entire dataset is segregated into two parts, i.e., the First and the Second Waves and then modelled individually by the Gompertz Curves with some generalizations.
The predicted maximum cumulative numbers of Covid-19 affected individuals are found to be quite accurate. Besides, it is found to be possible to give a methodology how one can predict these numbers with a much smaller dataset. This is important as it can help the authorities in taking an informed decision on the efficient allocation of the limited health care resources.
JEL Classification: E0, C32, C50, C53
The Effect of Telephone Counseling on COVID-19-related Health Anxiety in Pregnant Women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yazdi Sahar , Saeedi Maryam , Taleb Sahar
Published: October 2022

Background
This study aimed to investigate the effect of telephone counseling on COVID-19-related health anxiety in pregnant women.
Methods
The present research was a randomized controlled trial. Eighty pregnant women were randomly selected and assigned to the control and intervention groups. The intervention group received telephone counseling for one month. Health anxiety was assessed using a health anxiety questionnaire. One month following the intervention, the mean score of health anxiety showed a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups (P <0.001).
Results
The mean score of health anxiety was 23.57 ± 3.55 in the intervention group, which was significantly lower than the mean health anxiety score of the control group (30.1 ± 5.93). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean health anxiety scores before and after telephone counseling in the intervention group (P <0.001).
Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, telephone counseling can play a major role in reducing COVID-19-related health anxiety in pregnant women. So, this method can be utilized to prevent mothers’ physical and psychological problems during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Trial registration
This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the code “IRCT20220531055038N1” on 13/06/2022.
Multi-species Ion Acceleration in 3D Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Zhang Qile , Guo Fan , Daughton William , Li Hui , Le Ari , Phan Tai , Desai Mihir
Published: October 2022

Magnetic reconnection drives explosive particle acceleration in a wide range of space and astrophysical applications. The energized particles often include multiple species (electrons, protons, heavy ions), but the underlying acceleration mechanism is poorly understood. In-situ observations of these minority heavy ions offer a more stringent test of acceleration mechanisms, but the multi-scale nature of reconnection hinders studies on heavy-ion acceleration. Here we employ hybrid simulations (fluid electron, kinetic ions) to capture 3D reconnection over an unprecedented range of scales. For the first time, our simulations demonstrate nonthermal acceleration of all available ion species into power-law spectra. The reconnection layers consist of fragmented kinking flux ropes as part of the reconnection-driven turbulence, which produces field-line chaos critical for accelerating all species. The upstream ion velocities influence the first Fermi reflection for injection. Then lower charge/mass species initiate Fermi acceleration at later times as they interact with growing flux ropes. The resulting spectra have similar power-law indices $(p\sim4.5)$, but different maximum energy/nucleon $\propto($charge/mass$)^\alpha$, with $\alpha\sim0.6$ for low plasma $\beta$, and with $p$ and $\alpha$ increasing as $\beta$ approaches unity. These findings are consistent with observations at heliospheric current sheets and the magnetotail, and provide strong evidence suggesting Fermi acceleration as the dominant ion-acceleration mechanism.
The organic carbon stocks in the soil in the Climato-Intelligent and Conventional Systems of the Nawa Region, Ivory Coast.
Authors: YOUSSOUF TOURE , Onawumi Olufisayo Adeyinka
Published: October 2022

Cocoa production has long been thought to be a cause of forest loss and thus an environmental issue.
Cocoa sustainability systems, particularly agroforestry systems, are being investigated as a means of mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration. However, most agroforestry research has concentrated on forest management and cacao yield, and soil organic carbon (SOC) reserves are little understood.
In the South West Region (NAWA) of Cote d'Ivoire, we undertook a study to quantify and compare soil organic carbon stocks in cocoa sustainability systems (agroforestry, organic fertilizer use, etc.) and traditional cocoa farming. Soil samples were taken at three different depths: 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-45 cm, and examined according to normal soil testing protocols. SOC was found to be higher in plantations where farmers practiced sustainability programs than in plantations where farmers did not practice sustainability programs.
According to the study, a farmer who grows cocoa intercropped with shade trees (fruit and non-fruit) on his plot is more likely to gain from soil carbon credits than a farmer who grows conventional cocoa.
If farmers farming sustainable cocoa grew shade trees and employed organic fertilizers, they would be able to trap more carbon.
Incentives are needed to stimulate the planting and maintenance of shade trees, as well as the use of organic fertilizers in cocoa farms for carbon sequestration purposes.
Tooth eruption and caries patterns in the first permanent molars of 6–8-year-old schoolchildren in Shenzen, China
Authors: Fang Jiaying , Zhong Qi-Zhi , Liu Zheng , Guo Yan-Fang , Ding Zan
Published: October 2022

Background: The caries patterns of the first permanent molars (FPMs) among schoolchildren had not been adequately evaluated, and researchers paid no attention to the distributions of fully-erupted FPMs number and proportion in Shenzhen children.
Objective: To quantitatively assess the eruption stages and dental caries patterns of the FPMs for the total students as well as the subgroups.
Methods: A 3-year school-based epidemiological investigation was undertaken by dentists to examine the eruption stages and dental caries patterns of the FPMs, involved the second-grade students from 132 primary schools in Baoan District of Shenzhen, China.
Results: Among 95809 schoolchildren aged 6–8 years, 86.51% individuals had fully erupted the Tooth #16, 87.15% for #26, 89.30% for #36, and 88.81% for #46 (c2=475.033, P<0.001); 80.65% children had all 4 erupted FPMs, with a higher rate among girls than boys (83.37% vs 78.43%; P<0.001). The prevalence of FPMs caries among all students was 13.58% for Tooth #16, 13.53% for #26, 21.02% for #36, and 21.13% for #46 (c2=3322.810, P<0.001). The overall prevalence of dental caries on the FPMs was 28.58%, with a higher prevalence among girls than boys (31.97% vs 25.68%; P<0.001). With increasing age, the FPMs caries prevalence increased (24.89% for 6 years-old, 28.70% for 7 years-oldχχ, and 34.65% for 8 years-old). Mean Decayed-Missing-Filled-Teeth score on FPMs was 0.652, with a decayed component of 0.646 (99.08%) and a filled component of 0.006.
Conclusions: Most schoolchildren aged 6–8 years have fully erupted the FPMs, with a relatively high prevalence of FPMs caries in Shenzhen.
Designing a role for TAs in L2 Literature Circles
Authors: Sevigny Paul
Published: October 2022

Literature Circles (book clubs in school settings) have mainly been studied in first language (L1) contexts. In foreign language contexts, like L1 contexts, published research on best practices recommends the teacher to act as a classroom facilitator instead of joining the circle. The purpose of this study is to examine this claim and practice, particularly with second language learners at the intermediate level. In some situations, it is desirable for Teaching Assistants and teachers to join the circle to provide instruction and feedback. This article addresses the question ‘Should TAs or teachers join the circle and if so, under what conditions?’ This case study follows a new TA in an intermediate EFL class who was asked to join one reading group for the duration of the semester and perform standard roles as a participant. Mixed methods, including quantitative and qualitative discourse analysis, surveys, and interviews, were used in an exploratory, stepwise fashion to elucidate the factors that influence why and how TAs should participate in Literature Circles. Underpinned by Community of Practice theory, findings show that adopting the role of an Unprepared Contributor is the best starting point for training TAs and new teachers to mentor learners. The findings suggest an expansion of contexts for the practice of second or foreign language literature circles (L2-LCs).
Does short-term antipsychotic discontinuation worsen symptoms in acute schizophrenia? A pooled analysis of placebo washout data
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Watabe Kei
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to examine symptom changes during short-term discontinuation of antipsychotics and address whether antipsychotic withdrawal can induce a rapid symptom exacerbation (i.e., rebound psychosis). The data from three double-blind, randomized, controlled trials comparing lurasidone versus placebo in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia were pooled and analyzed. Symptom severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and the Clinical Global Impression–Severity scale (CGI-S) scores. The scores before and after the antipsychotic discontinuation phase were compared. Factors associated with score changes were also explored. Among 2,154 patients participating in the trials, 600 who received antipsychotic monotherapy and completed the antipsychotic discontinuation phase were included in the analysis. No patients received clozapine. The mean ± standard deviation of the duration of the discontinuation phase was 5.9 ± 2.5 days. The PANSS total and CGI-S scores statistically significantly changed from 94.0 ± 9.5 to 95.4 ± 10.5 and from 4.9 ± 0.6 to 4.9 ± 0.7, respectively, during this phase; however, the absolute difference was minimal. The score changes were not associated with the type or dose of prior antipsychotics, or the duration or strategy (abrupt versus gradual) of antipsychotic discontinuation. Symptoms did not worsen to a clinically meaningful degree after a short-term discontinuation of non-clozapine antipsychotics in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia, suggesting that the efficacy of antipsychotics persists at least several days after discontinuation. This finding casts doubt on the existence of rebound psychosis.
Tethered cord release in patients after open fetal myelomeningocele closure: Intraoperative neuromonitoring data and patient outcomes
Authors: Flanders Tracy M. , Franco Alier J. , Lincul Kristen L. , Pierce Samuel R. , Oliver Edward R. , Moldenhauer Julie S. , Adzick N. Scott , Heuer Gregory G.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To better understand the clinical course and impact of tethered cord release surgery on patients who have previously undergone open spinal dysraphism closure in utero.
Methods: This is a single-center retrospective observational study on patients undergoing tethered cord release after having previously had open fetal myelomeningocele (MMC) closure. All patients underwent tethered cord release surgery with a single neurosurgeon. A detailed analysis of the patients’ preoperative presentation, intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) data, and postoperative course was performed.
Results: From 2009 to 2021, 51 patients who had previously undergone fetal MMC closure had tethered cord release surgery performed. On both preoperative and postoperative manual motor testing, patients were found to have on average 2 levels better than would be expected from the determined anatomic level from fetal imaging. The electrophysiologic functional level was found on average to be 2.5 levels better than the anatomical fetal level. Postoperative motor levels when tested on average at 4 months were largely unchanged when compared to preoperative levels. Unlike the motor signals, 46 (90%) of patients had unreliable or undetectable lower extremity somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) prior to the tethered cord release.
Conclusion: Tethered cord surgery can be safely performed in patients after open fetal MMC closure without clinical decline in manual motor testing. Patients often have functional nerve roots below the anatomic level. Sensory function appears to be more severely affected in patients leading to a consistent motor-sensory imbalance.
Caudate-anchored cognitive connectivity pursuant to orthostatic hypotension in early Parkinson disease
Authors: Yoo Sang-Won , Ha Seunggyun , Oh Yoon-Sang , Ryu Dong-Woo , Yoo Ji-Yeon , Lee Kwang-Soo , Kim Joong-Seok
Published: October 2022

18F-Florbetaben is a tracer used to evaluate the metabolic activity of and amyloid accumulation in the brain when measured in early- and late-phase, respectively. The metabolism of neural substrates could be viewed as a network and might be an important factor in cognition. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) might play an indirect moderating role in cognition, and its latent influence could modify the inherent cognitive network. This study aimed to identify changes of cognitive connectivity according to orthostatic stress in patients with early Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study included 104 early PD patients who were evaluated with a head-up tilt-test and 18F-Florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET). Cognition was assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery that gauged attention/working memory, language, visuospatial, memory, and executive functions. PET images were analyzed visually for amyloid deposits, and early-phase images were normalized to obtain standardized uptake ratios (SUVRs) of pre-specified subregions relevant to specific cognitive domains. The caudate nucleus was referenced and paired to these pre-specified regions. The correlations between SUVRs of these regions were assessed and stratified according to presence of orthostatic hypotension. Among the patients studied, 22 (21.2%) participants had orthostatic hypotension. Nineteen patients (18.3%) were positive for amyloid-𝛽 accumulation upon visual analysis. Moderate correlations between the caudate and pre-specified subregions were observed (Spearman’s rho, range [0.331–0.545]). Cognition did not differ, but the patterns of correlation were altered when the disease was stratified by presence of orthostatic stress. In conclusion, cognition in early PD responds to hemodynamic stress by adapting its neural connections between regions relevant to cognitive functions.
EPICeA : A comprehensive radiobiological assay using dynamic single cells phenotypic tracking under videomicroscopy
Authors: Paris François , Renaud Lea Isabelle , Ribeiro Tony , Rodriguez Pablo Delgado- , Taupin Manon , Magnin Morgan , Roux Olivier , Pecqueur Claire , Barrutia Arrrate Munoz- , Renaud Christophe
Published: October 2022

Cellular assays modeling tumor radiosensitization or normal tissue radiotoxicity commonly support knowledge in radiobiology. Despite worldwide use, outcomes from those assays remain limited since analyses commonly estimate radiosensitivity for the whole-cell population at a specific time point post-radiation disregarding dynamic mechanistic evaluation at single-cell granularity. This manuscript presents EPICeA, a novel integrated radiobiological tool using videomicroscopy to investigate the dynamic radiobiological response of irradiated tumor cells at both single-cell and whole population levels. Manual tracking of U251 glioblastoma cells was directly performed from movies for five consecutive days after exposure up to 15Gy. Observables (cell number, division, abnormal mitosis, and death) were directly extracted from videos and incorporated into dedicated in-house computational algorithms to evaluate radiobiological cell response. First, cladograms illustrating radiation-induced behaviors of each irradiated mother cell and their related out-springs were set up. Then, the population means and single-cell distributions for different radiobiological parameters were computed and analyzed as a function of time and dose. Finally, Pearson correlation coefficients for those 55 features derived from those observables and relevant in radiobiology were established, showing singular correlations. By proposing EPICeA, we strength the characterization of radiobiological response allowing a more accurate evaluation of cell radiosensitivity during dose escalation.
Performance Enhancement of Surge Lightning Arrester for Substations
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Singh Gagan , Ahamad Nafees
Published: October 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The Maximal Distance of Detectable Isotropic Signals – Solving Fermis Paradox with Grimaldi’s Model
Authors: Platt Karl-Florian
Published: October 2022

In 1950, the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi expressed his astonishment with the sentence "Where is Everybody?" that humanity does not receive signals from extraterrestrial civilizations. A solution to this contradiction for isotropic signals, known as Fermi's paradox, is provided by a model by Claudio Grimaldi. In the present work, with the help of a physical model for signal power, the finite range of isotropic signals assumed in Grimaldi's model is specifically calculated. For this purpose, the FAST telescope in Guizhou and a hypothetical satellite network spanning the Earth are regarded as exemplary receiving instruments. In addition, corresponding signal powers are determined for three potentially habitable planets discovered by the Kepler mission and for stars close to the Sun. It turns out that even the FAST telescope cannot receive corresponding signals, but this is theoretically possible with a satellite network, similar to the GPS network. Accordingly, Grimaldi's assumption turns out to be correct, but the maximum range is considerably smaller than Grimaldi assumed.
Reprogramming alanine catabolism to triacylglycerol biosynthesis for carbohydrate hyper-accumulation in microalgae
Authors: Yeh Tze-Jung , Chen Jen-Chih , Chang Jo-Shu , Lee Tse-Min
Published: October 2022

Branched-chain amino acids can be catabolized for triacylglycerol (TGA) biosynthesis in microalgae. To identify the role of alanine in nitrogen (N) starvation-induced TGA accumulation, we performed integrative genetic and pharmaceutical manipulation to decipher the regulation of alanine towards TAG and starch biosynthesis in the algaDesmodesmussp. CNW-N. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) catabolized alanine towards lipid biosynthesis, which was blocked by ALT inhibitors without impact on already accumulated carbohydrate. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor (clethodim) suppressed lipid accumulation whilst enlarged carbohydrate pool. Microalgae consist of abundant alanine and higher carbohydrate/lipid buildup under N starvation appeared similar responses, but not for those which alanine was not a major amino acid. It shows that alanine catabolism to lipid is restricted to Chlorophyceae species containing plentiful alanine. The ALT-overexpressingDesmodesmuslines driven byChlorella vulgarisN Deficiency Inducible (CvNDI1) promoter promoted lipid accumulation, which was suppressed by clethodim treatment along with a substantial increase of carbohydrates as bioethanol production feedstock. The discovery of ALT as the genetic targets together with pharmaceutical inhibition of ACC facilitates targeted engineering strategies to mediate carbohydrate hyper-accumulation for cost-effective liquid biofuel manufacture in Chlorophyceae microalgae.
Insight into the nature of the noncovalent interactions of furan, pyridine and pyrazine with AtX
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wu Junyong , Yan Hua , Chen Hao , Mao Wanxin , Dai Guoliang
Published: October 2022

The σ-hole interaction (type I), counterintuitive σ-hole interaction (type II) and type Ш noncovalent interaction system formed between three heterocyclic compounds (C4H4O, C5H5N and C4H4N2) and AtX (X = F, Cl and Br) have been investigated employing the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ. For the C5H5N-AtX and C4H4N2-AtX complexes, the calculated interaction energy decreases according to the sequence type I > type II > type Ш. For the C4H4O-AtX complexes, the interaction energy decreases according to the sequence type II > type I > type Ш. For the same AtX, the interaction energy of type I and type Ш complexes decreases according to the sequence C5H5N > C4H4N2 > C4H4O. while for the type II complexes, the interaction energy decreases according to the sequence C4H4O > C5H5N > C4H4N2. SAPT analysis shows that the electrostatic energy are predominantly of the attraction for the typeⅠcomplexes while the type Ⅲ interactions are mainly electrostatic and dispersion energy. For the type Ⅱ complexes, the induction, dispersion and electrostatic term have been playing the same important in the total attractive interaction. NBO analysis have also been employed.
Effect of inulin intervention on metabolic control and methylation of INS and IRS1 genes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ramírez OC Martínez- , Salazar-Piña DA , Cerón-Ramírez X , Rubio-Lightbourn J , Torres-Romero F , Casas-Ávila L , Castro-Hernández C
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims: Currently, treatments are being sought to improve the control of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM), and agave inulin has been shown to be effective in reducing glucose levels and other metabolic control parameters. These effects on metabolic control may be associated with changes in the epigenetic modulation of genes of the insulin pathway. For the above mentioned the objective is determine the effect of agave inulin in biochemical parameters and metabolic control and observe the correlation with changes in INSand IRS1 genes methylation in T2DM patients.
Methods: This was a longitudinal experimental study with 67 participants from Mexico, who received an intervention of inulin agave (10 g daily) for 2 months.
Results: The parameters evaluated included anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, and the methylation levels of the INS and IRS1 genes by MSP-PCR. For the INS, it was methylated in 76.1% of participants before treatment, and it was methylated in 52.2% of participants after the intervention. For the IRS1, a hemimethylated status was present in 22.3% and 19.4% of the participants pre- and postintervention, respectively. We observed that there was a positive correlation between the changes in the methylation levels of the INS and IRS1 genes pre-and postintervention with metabolic control. For the INS, we found a negative and statistically significant correlation with abdominal fat.
Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that intervention with agave inulin correlates with methylation changes of the IRS1 and INS genes and that genes methylation with the metabolic control in T2DM patients.