bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation of interfacial parameter in Kolarik model by aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes and interfacial shear strength to simulate the tensile strength of carbon‐nanotube‐based systems
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop , Park Soo‐Jin
Published: November 2021

In this work, we formulate the “A” interfacial parameter in Kolarik model by the features of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and interface. The formulated “A” is applied to develop the Kolarik model for tensile strength of polymer CNT nanocomposites using CNT concentration, CNT aspect ratio, interfacial shear strength, and interfacial stress transfer factor. The advanced equations are applied to approximate the interfacial properties and sample strength. Moreover, the impacts of all factors on the nanocomposite strength are examined to validate the advanced model. CNT size (length and radius) largely changes the “A” from 0 to 250. Both CNT aspect ratio and interfacial stress transfer factor directly manage the “A” and nanocomposite strength. Too thin and extremely large CNTs result in the significant improvement in the strength of nanocomposites, but thick and short CNTs cannot reinforce the polymer media. Very thin (R = 2 nm) and extremely large CNTs (l = 20 μm) cause 1100% improvement in the strength of nanocomposites, whereas R > 12 nm and l < 10 μm cannot strengthen the polymer medium.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of epoxy composites by constructing thermal conduction networks via adding hybrid alumina filler
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Yu , Zhou Xiao‐Nan , Li Zi‐Xuan , Xu Song‐Song , Hao Liu‐Cheng , Zhao Jun‐Ping , Wang Bo , Yang Jian‐Feng , Ishizaki Kozo
Published: November 2021

High thermal conductivity of polymer composites could be achieved through constructing 3D continuous thermally conductive networks into polymer composites. Herein, we demonstrate a simple, effective method to optimize the segregated alumina networks by using ternary mixture of alumina particles with different diameter ratios (5.8 μm + 2.6 μm + 0.5 μm) at the fixed total content of 60 wt% via conventional melt blending method. The thermal properties of epoxy composites were investigated as a function of the weight fraction and particle size of alumina particles. The thermal conductivity (TC) values of composites with coarse fillers (13.2 μm) are in agreement with Agari model at high filler loading (57 ~ 67 wt%). And the value of C2 was ~0.949 (close to 1), indicating that the formation of heat conduction paths in the composites. The addition of 60 wt% smaller fillers (2.6 μm) facilitates a higher interaction degree between the polymer/fillers, consequently, leads to a higher Tg of 147.8°C. A high TC of 1.109 W m−1 K−1 is achieved as the ratio of alumina filler with different particle sizes is 7/2/1, corresponding to a TC enhancement of 23%–32% compared to the composites with a single particle size filler. A suitable proportion of hybrid fillers is crucial for constructing three‐dimension continuous network, in which nano‐particles filled between the micro‐particles could increase the particle‐to‐particle connectivity.
UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS analysis of the guaiane sesquiterpenoids oxytropiols A–J and detection of undescribed analogues from the locoweed endophytic fungus Alternaria oxytropis (Pleosporaceae)
Authors: Tan Xiang‐Mei , Li Qi , Wang Yan‐Duo , Wang Tie‐Lin , Yang Jian , Sun Bing‐Da , Guo Lan‐Ping , Ding Gang
Published: November 2021

Introduction

In addition to the mycotoxin swainsonine, the locoweed endophytic fungus Alternaria oxytropis (Pleosporaceae) also produces a series of rarely reported, highly oxygenated bicyclic guaiane sesquiterpenoids. Few investigations on the electrospray tandem mass fragmentation pattern of this sesquiterpenoid have been reported.

Objectives

We aimed to analyze and detect new guaiane sesquiterpenoid analogues from crude extracts of the locoweed endophytic fungus A. oxytropis by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS experiments.

Materials and Methods

Oxytropiols A–J (1–10) and the extract of the locoweed endophytic fungus A. oxytropis were analyzed by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS in positive mode.

Results

Typical neutral losses, McLafferty rearrangement, 1,2‐rearrangement, and 1,3‐rearrangement were considered to be the main fragmentation patterns for the [M + H]+/[M + Na]+ ions of 1–10 by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS experiments, and possible fragmentation pathways of 1–10 were suggested. A unique and undescribed analogue named oxytropiol K (11) was found in the extract based on UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS analysis. Compound 11 was isolated and elucidated by NMR spectrometry, and its UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS analysis was consistent with the fragmentation pathways of 1–10.

Conclusion

The results further support that UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS is a powerful and sensitive tool for the characterization of known compounds (dereplication) and the detection of new analogues from crude extracts and imply that the locoweed endophytic fungus A. oxytropis, with few chemical investigations, is an important resource for undescribed metabolites.
Understanding and addressing racial stress and trauma in schools: A pathway toward resistance and healing
Authors: Saleem Farzana T. , Howard Tyrone C. , Langley Audra K.
Published: November 2021

Youth of color are disproportionately impacted by stressful and traumatic life events, including race‐based experiences, which are linked to negative consequences. School is a salient context where youth encounter, witness, and process racial stress and trauma (RST). However, RST is often overlooked within general school‐based trauma models. Thus, we propose the School Trauma and Racial Stress (STARS) blueprint, focused on RST across three levels of the school ecology. By building upon and expanding the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration recommendations regarding trauma‐informed approaches (2014), the STARS blueprint applies a multilevel approach to acknowledging and addressing RST within schools. This integrated framework is a call to action across the school ecology, with the goal to increase recognition of RST within school‐based trauma‐informed approaches and to build racial equity and healing for students of color in K‐12 schools. Practical applications for schools are discussed.
Implementation of robot‐assisted curative resection for rare anorectal tumours on the basis of individualised treatment
Authors: Kim Jin Cheon , Kim Jihun , Jung Jay , Kim Chan Wook , Yoon Yong Sik , Park In Ja
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the validity of robot‐assisted curative operation for rare anorectal tumours, characterised by biological heterogeneity and anatomical complexity.

Methods

The present study evaluated 16 consecutive patients including three with anorectal squamous cell carcinoma (ARSCC), four with anorectal mucosal melanoma (ARMM), seven with anorectal neuroendocrine tumour (ARNET), and two with other types of anorectal tumours.

Results

Of the three patients with ARSCC after chemoradiotherapy, two underwent abdominoperineal resection (APR), and one underwent ultralow anterior resection (uLAR)/total intersphincteric resection (ISR), surviving 56–76 months without recurrence. Of the four ARMM patients, APR and uLAR/total ISR were conducted in two patients, respectively, with variable survival outcomes. All seven patients with ARNET were treated with uLAR/ISR and LAR, surviving for 5–106 months to date.

Conclusions

Because most anorectal tumours are confined to the dermal and submucosal layers, robotic anorectal function preserving ISR is expected to achieve R0 resection.
The Multiweek Thermal Stability of Medical‐Grade Poly(ε‐caprolactone) During Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Böhm Christoph , Stahlhut Philipp , Weichhold Jan , Hrynevich Andrei , Teßmar Jörg , Dalton Paul D.
Published: November 2021

Melt electrowriting (MEW) is a high‐resolution additive manufacturing technology that places unique constraints on the processing of thermally degradable polymers. With a single nozzle, MEW operates at low throughput and in this study, medical‐grade poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) is heated for 25 d at three different temperatures (75, 85, and 95 °C), collecting daily samples. There is an initial increase in the fiber diameter and decrease in the jet speed over the first 5 d, then the MEW process remains stable for the 75 and 85 °C groups. When the collector speed is fixed to a value at least 10% above the jet speed, the diameter remains constant for 25 d at 75 °C and only increases with time for 85 and 95 °C. Fiber fusion at increased layer height is observed for 85 and 95 °C, while the surface morphology of single fibers remain similar for all temperatures. The properties of the prints are assessed with no observable changes in the degree of crystallinity or the Young's modulus, while the yield strength decreases in later phases only for 95 °C. After the initial 5‐d period, the MEW processing of PCL at 75 °C is extraordinarily stable with overall fiber diameters averaging 13.5 ± 1.0 µm over the entire 25‐d period.
In Situ Replacement Synthesis of Co@NCNT Encapsulated CoPt3@Co2P Heterojunction Boosting Methanol Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lu Zhenjiang , Xie Jing , Hu Jindou , Wang Kun , Cao Yali
Published: November 2021

Simultaneous boosting electrochemical methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) for direct methanol fuel cells and production of hydrogen is meaningful but challenging. Herein, a sea urchin‐shaped cobalt‐embedded N‐doped carbon nanotubes (Co@NCNT) encapsulated CoPt3@Co2P heterojunction (CoPt3@Co2P/Co@NCNT) is fabricated. Theoretical calculations confirm that electrons at the interfaces transfer from CoPt3 to Co2P, where electron hole region on CoPt3 is beneficial to improving the MOR activity, whereas accumulation region on Co2P favors to the optimization of H2O and H* absorption energies for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Benefitting from its interfacial electronic reconfiguration, the CoPt3@Co2P/Co@NCNT heterojunction exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performances for MOR and HER, in which the mass activity (2981 mA mgPt−1) for MOR is 14.2 times than that of Pt/C (20%), and the smallest overpotentials only requires 19 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER. Moreover, the electrolyzer employing CoPt3@Co2P/Co@NCNT for anodic MOR and cathodic H2 production only requires a low voltage of 1.43 V at 10 mA cm−2 with impressive long‐life cycling stability, which is obviously better than that of commercial Pt/C//RuO2. This study offers a novel strategy for other organics oxidation reaction coupled with HER catalyzed production of hydrogen.
Biologically Inspired Stretchable, Multifunctional, and 3D Electronic Skin by Strain Visualization and Triboelectric Pressure Sensing
Authors: Li Jing , Yuan Zuqing , Han Xun , Wang Chunfeng , Huo Zhihao , Lu Qiuchun , Xiong Meiling , Ma Xiaole , Gao Wenchao , Pan Caofeng
Published: November 2021

Electronic skins have been developed for sensing vertical pressure and tensile strain individually. Here, a stretchable, multifunctional, and 3D electronic skin (SMTE) is fabricated to imitate the squid's natural structure to achieve strain visualization and pressure sensing at the same time. The SMTE consists of an anisotropic and elastic light shutter to tune the natural color or fluorescence, which converts the in‐plane strain to the visual changes in color and intensity. The shutter also works as an elastic dielectric layer for vertical pressure sensing based on the principle of a single‐electrode triboelectric nanogenerator. The performance of the SMTE is demonstrated by integrating it on a model hand as a tactile sensor for touch, bending, and gesture interpretation, which has potential applications in human–machine interaction, soft robots, and artificial intelligence.
Schottky Contacts Regularized Linear Regression for Signal Inconsistency Circumvent in Resistive Gas Micro‐Nanosensors
Authors: Zhao Yuxin , Su Yue , Guo Mengya , Liu Liqun , Chen Peng , Song Anqi , Yu Wei , Hu Shi , Zhao Rongjian , Fang Zhen , Zhang Huacheng , Zhao Yanli , Liang Wenjie
Published: November 2021

In the frontier resistive micro‐nano gas sensors, the change rate reliability between the measured quantity and output signals has long been puzzled by the ineluctable device‐to‐device and run‐to‐run disparities. Here, a neotype sensing data interpretation method to circumvent these signal inconsistencies is reported. The method is based on discovery of a strong linear relation between the initial resistance in air (Ra) and the absolute change in resistance after exposure to target gas (Ra–Rg). Metal oxide gas sensors based on a micro‐hot‐plate are employed as the model system. The study finds that such correlation has a wide universality, even for devices incorporated with different sensing materials or under different gas atmosphere. Furthermore, this rule can also be extensible to graphene‐based interdigital microelectrode. In situ probe scanning analyses illuminate that the linear dependence is closely related to work function matching level between metal electrode and sensitive layer. The Schottky barrier at metal‐semiconductor junctions is the prominent parameter, whose height (ϕB) can fundamentally impact material/electrode contact resistance, thereby further affecting the realistic nature expression of sensing materials. Using this correlation, a calibration procedure is proposed and embed in a fully integrated pocket‐size sensor prototype, whose response outcomes demonstrated high credibility as compared to commercial apparatus.
“Can I do this?” Multiracial student decisions to engage with racial justice student organizations at a historically White institution
Authors: Malaney‐Brown Victoria K.
Published: November 2021

This article presents the voices of multiracial collegians at a Historically White Institution who make intentional choices to engage and disengage with racial justice student organizations.
Multiracial identity at work: Navigating career and professional dynamics postcollege
Authors: Nayani Farzana
Published: November 2021

This article describes the challenges that multiracial students face in professional work while emphasizing potential resources and strategies for individuals who advise these students towards their career success.
Efficient Separation of Propylene from Propane in an Ultramicroporous Cyanide‐Based Compound with Open Metal Sites
Authors: Xie Yi , Shi Yanshu , Cui Hui , Lin Rui-Biao , Chen Banglin
Published: November 2021

Exploring porous materials for selective adsorptive separation of propylene from propane to replace the energy‐intensive cryogenic distillation technologies remains a great challenge due to the similarity of these two gases in physiochemical properties. Herein, an ultramicroporous material, nickel nitroprusside (Ni‐NP), with open metal sites (OMS) for the highly efficient separation of propylene from propane under ambient conditions is reported. This material exhibits high C3H6/C3H8 selectivity of 10.5 and uptake ratio of 1.68, with a remarkable C3H6 uptake capacity of 79.9 cm3 g−1. Dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT‐D) calculations reveal that the selective adsorption of C3H6 is attributed to strong host–guest interactions on the OMSs as well as multiple weak hydrogen bonding within the compact pore space. The C3H6/C3H8 separation performance is validated by breakthrough experiments, showing a high productivity of 2.30 mol kg−1. This material can be facilely obtained by simple precipitation reaction under ambient conditions, which highlights its scale‐up potential for C3H6/C3H8 separation.
A Unique Structural Highly Compacted Binder‐Free Silicon‐Based Anode with High Electronic Conductivity for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dong Zhe , Du Wubin , Gu Haitao , Long Yingying , Zhang Chenyang , Chen Gairong , Feng Zhenhe , Sun Wenping , Jiang Yinzhu , Liu Yongfeng , Yang Yaxiong , Gan Jiantuo , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge
Published: November 2021

Herein, a unique structural Si‐based anode with high electronic conductivity, high compact density, and with no traditional organic binder is put forward. By adding a few amounts of Sn to the Si anode material, followed by carbonization of the organic binder after the general anode preparation and subsequently hot pressing, Sn melts and squeezes during hot pressing, bonding strongly the Si particles, and an interlayer of Cu3Si/Cu3Sn is in situ formed at the interface of the Si‐based active materials and the Cu current collector, resulting in a metallurgical bonding between them. The organic binder‐derived carbon coats on the Si particles, coupling with the squeezed Sn and the Cu3Si/Cu3Sn interlayer, and a highly electron conductive skeleton is formed. The skeleton also offers a highly stable structural integrity of the electrode during cycling. With an optimization of the hot‐pressing pressure, the Si‐based anode shows superior cycling stability and rate performance. As the active materials are almost compacted to half of its initial thickness, the electrode has potential for high volumetric capacity. The fabrication method is new for Si‐based anodes of high compact density. The work provides new insights into the development of advanced silicon‐based anodes for lithium‐ion batteries.
A global phylogeny of Lycopodiaceae (Lycopodiales; lycophytes) with the description of a new genus, Brownseya, from Oceania
Authors: Chen De‐Kui , Zhou Xin‐Mao , Rothfels Carl J. , Shepherd Lara D. , Knapp Ralf , Zhang Liang , Lu Ngan Thi , Fan Xue‐Ping , Wan Xia , Gao Xin‐Fen , He Hai , Zhang Li‐Bing
Published: November 2021

Lycopodiaceae are one of the oldest lineages of any living vascular plants and contain about 400 species distributed on all continents except Antarctica, with its highest diversity in tropical regions. Previous studies on the morphology, anatomy, and molecular systematics of Lycopodiaceae have made substantial progress in understanding the diversity and evolution of the family, but major issues remain. In particular, earlier studies had relatively sparse taxon sampling, some critical relationships among the genera have not been well resolved, and the monophyly of some genera (e.g., Huperzia, Lycopodiella, Pseudolycopodiella, Spinulum) has not been robustly tested with large sampling. In this study, we apply maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference to a dataset of 1150 (918 newly generated) DNA sequences of seven plastid markers (atpA, psbA‐trnH, rbcL, rps4, rps4‐trnS, trnL, trnL‐F) of 334 accessions representing ca. 155 (ca. 39% of all) species in the family to infer a global phylogeny. Our major results include: (1) the tree is resolved into three primary clades corresponding to the three subfamilies, Huperzioideae, Lycopodioideae, and Lycopodielloideae; (2) these three primary clades are resolved into 17 major clades, of which 16 represent genera recognized in the PPG I classification, while Lycopodiella serpentina is resolved as sister to Palhinhaea, and thus a new genus, Brownseya, is described, and a key to genera of Lycopodielloideae is given; (3) Phylloglossum is strongly or moderately supported as sister to Phlegmariurus in ML and MP analyses (but not in BI analysis), and thus our evidence supports the recognition of Phlegmariurus in order to maintain a monophyletic Huperzia; (4) Lycopodiella is sister to Pseudolycopodiella and they together are sister to Lateristachys + (Brownseya + Palhinhaea); (5) Huperzia, Lycopodiella, Pseudolycopodiella, and Spinulum are each strongly supported as monophyletic; (6) spore morphology is well consistent with the phylogenetic relationships in the family; and (7) based on these results we recognize 17 genera in three subfamilies in the family.
Trade Patterns and International Technology Spillovers: Theory and Evidence from Japanese and European Patent Citations
Authors: Jinji Naoto , Zhang Xingyuan , Haruna Shoji
Published: November 2021

International diffusion of knowledge is important to both the speed of the world’s technology frontier expansion and income convergence across countries. For example, Eaton and Kortum (1996) estimate innovation and technology diffusion among 19 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries to test predictions from a quality ladders model of endogenous growth with patenting.
Vertical Versus Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Spillovers
Authors: Jinji Naoto , Zhang Xingyuan , Haruna Shoji
Published: November 2021

Foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade are two major channels of international diffusion of technological knowledge (Keller 2004,2010). While a number of empirical studies confirm significant spillover effects of knowledge through imports, the empirical findings on technology spillover effects through FDI are conflicting. In particular, there is relatively little evidence of spillovers of knowledge from inward FDI to the host country’s firms in the same industry. For example, Haskel et al. (2007) examine the situation in the United Kingdom and find significantly positive productivity spillovers from FDI.
Conclusion and Policy Implications
Authors: Jinji Naoto , Zhang Xingyuan , Haruna Shoji
Published: November 2021

After about a quarter century of countries having pursued deep regional integration through negotiating on deep regional trade agreements (RTAs), we observed a number of historical events that symbolize the curbing of the trend of globalization in 2016. On June 24, 2016, the people of the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union (EU) in a referendum. On November 8, 2016, Mr. Donald Trump, who proposed the “America First” policy and a number of protectionist policies, such as the withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the construction of a substantial wall on the United States–Mexico border, during his presidential campaign, won the US presidential election.
Immunology and Donor-Specific Antibodies in Corneal Transplantation
Authors: Major Joanna , Foroncewicz Bartosz , Szaflik Jacek Paweł , Mucha Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

The first human corneal transplantation was performed in 1905 by Eduard Zirm in the Olomouc Eye Clinic, now Czech Republic. However, despite great advancements in microsurgical eye procedures, penetrating keratoplasty in high-risk patients (e.g., vascularized or inflamed corneal tissue, consecutive transplants) remains a challenge. The difficulty is mainly due to the risk of irreversible allograft rejection, as an ocular immune privilege in these patients is abolished and graft rejection is the main cause of corneal graft failure. Therefore, tailored immunosuppressive treatment based on immunological monitoring [e.g., donor-specific antibodies (DSA)] is considered one of the best strategies to prevent rejection in transplant recipients. Although there is indirect evidence on the mechanisms underlying antibody-mediated rejection, the impact of DSA on cornea transplantation remains unknown. Determining the role of pre-existing and/or de novo DSA could advance our understanding of corneal graft rejection mechanisms. This may help stratify the immunological risk of rejection, ultimately leading to personalized treatment for this group of transplant recipients.
Sestrin2 protects against lethal sepsis by suppressing the pyroptosis of dendritic cells
Authors: Wang Li-xue , Ren Chao , Yao Ren-qi , Luo Yi-nan , Yin Yue , Wu Yao , Dong Ning , Zhu Xiao-mei , Yao Yong-ming
Published: November 2021

Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly evolutionarily conserved protein, is critically involved in the cellular response to various stresses and has been confirmed to maintain the homeostasis of the internal environment. However, the potential effects of SESN2 in regulating dendritic cells (DCs) pyroptosis in the context of sepsis and the related mechanisms are poorly characterized. In this study, we found that SESN2 was capable of decreasing gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis of splenic DCs by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS)-related nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated ASC pyroptosome formation and caspase-1 (CASP-1) activation. Furthermore, SESN2 deficiency induced NLRP3/ASC/CASP-1-dependent pyroptosis and the production of proinflammatory cytokines by exacerbating the PERK–ATF4–CHOP signaling pathway, resulting in an increase in the mortality of septic mice, which was reversed by inhibiting ERS. These findings suggest that SESN2 appears to be essential for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivation, reducing CASP-1-dependent pyroptosis, and improving sepsis outcomes through stabilization of the ER. The present study might have important implications for exploration of novel potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of sepsis complications.
How the earnings growth of US immigrants was underestimated
Authors: Duleep Harriet , Liu Xingfei , Regets Mark
Published: November 2021

Two radically different descriptions of immigrant earnings trajectories in the USA have emerged. One asserts that immigrant men, following the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, have low initial earnings and high earnings growth. Another asserts that the post-1965 immigrants have low initial earnings and low earnings growth. We describe the methodological issues that create this divide and show that low earnings growth becomes high earnings growth when immigrants are followed from their initial years in the USA; earnings growth is allowed to vary with entry earnings; and—when following cohorts instead of individuals—sample restrictions commonly used by labor economists are avoided.
Center of pressure (COP) measurement in patients with confirmed successful outcomes following shoulder surgery show significant sensorimotor deficits
Authors: Ehmann Yannick J. , Berthold Daniel P. , Reuter Sven , Beitzel Knut , Köhler Robin , Stöcker Fabian , Muench Lukas N. , Pogorzelski Jonas , Rupp Marco-Christopher , Braun Sepp , Imhoff Andreas B. , Buchmann Stefan
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To determine the sensorimotor and clinical function of patients with confirmed successful outcome after either undergoing acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) stabilization, Bankart repair (BR), or rotator cuff repair (RC), and to compare these measures to the contralateral, healthy side without history of previous injuries or surgeries of the upper extremity. It was hypothesized that patients of each interventional group would have inferior sensorimotor function of the shoulder joint compared to the contralateral, healthy side, while presenting with successful clinical and functional outcomes.

Methods

Three intervention groups including ten patients who had confirmed successful clinical and functional outcomes after either undergoing ACJ stabilization, BR, or RC were evaluated postoperatively at an average follow-up of 31.7 ± 11.6 months. Additionally, a healthy control group (CG) of ten patients was included. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Constant–Murley (CM) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Score. Pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Sensorimotor function was assessed by determining the center of pressure (COP) of the shoulder joint in a one-handed support task in supine position on a validated pressure plate.

Results

Each interventional group demonstrated excellent clinical outcome scores including the CM Score (ACJ 83.3 ± 11.8; BR 89.0 ± 10.3; RC 81.4 ± 8.8), ASES Score (ACJ 95.5 ± 7.0; BR 92.5 ± 9.6; RC 96.5 ± 5.2), and VAS (ACJ 0.5 ± 0.9; BR 0.5 ± 0.8; RC 0.5 ± 0.8). Overall, the CG showed no significant side-to-side difference in COP, whereas the ACJ-group and the BR-group demonstrated significantly increased COP compared to the healthy side (ACJ 103 cm vs. 98 cm, p = 0.049; BR: 116 cm vs. 102 cm, p = 0.006). The RC-group revealed no significant side-to-side difference (120 cm vs. 108 cm, n.s.).

Conclusion

Centre of pressure measurement detected sensorimotor functional deficits following surgical treatment of the shoulder joint in patients with confirmed successful clinical and functional outcomes. This may indicate that specific postoperative training and rehabilitation protocols should be established for patients who underwent surgery of the upper extremity. These results underline that sensorimotor training should be an important component of postoperative rehabilitation and physiotherapeutic activities to improve postoperative function and joint control.

Level of evidence

IV.
Intraoperative Mapping Angiograms of the Parathyroid Glands Using Indocyanine Green During Thyroid Surgery: Results of the Fluogreen Study
Authors: Benmiloud Fares , Penaranda Guillaume , Chiche Laurent , Rebaudet Stanislas
Published: November 2021

Background

During thyroid surgery, preservation of parathyroid gland (PG) feeding vessels is often impossible. The aim of the Fluogreen study was to determine the feasibility of using indocyanine green (ICG)‐based intraoperative mapping angiograms of the PG (iMAP) to improve vascular preservation.

Study design

This prospective study enrolled all patients undergoing thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy at the Hôpital Européen Marseille between September and December 2018. After exploring the thyroid lobe by autofluorescence to locate the PGs, ICG solution was injected intravenously to locate the PG feeding vessels and guide dissection. A second ICG injection was administered at the end of the lobectomy to assess perfusion of the PGs. The primary outcome was the quality of the angiogram, scaled as iMAP 0 (not informative), iMAP 1 (general vascular pattern visible but no clear vascular pedicle flowing into the PG), or iMAP 2 (clear vascular pedicle flowing into the PG). The secondary outcome was the PG perfusion score at the end of surgery, scaled from ICG 0 (no perfusion) to ICG 2 (intense uptake).

Results

A total of 47 adult patients were analyzed, including 34 total thyroidectomies and 13 lobectomies. ICG angiography assessed 76 PGs, which were scored as iMAP 2 in 24 cases (31.6%), iMAP 1 in 46 (60.5%) and iMAP 0 in six (7.9%). At the end of dissection, the ICG perfusion score was significantly better for the PGs with informative angiography (iMAP 1 or 2), than for the PGs with uninformative angiography (iMAP 0), or the PGs not evaluated by vascular angiography (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

iMAP is feasible and provides direct vascular information in one‐third of the cases. Further improvements to this technology are necessary, and the influence of this technique on patient outcomes during thyroidectomy will need to be further evaluated.
Quantifying the impact of heat on human physical work capacity; part II: the observed interaction of air velocity with temperature, humidity, sweat rate, and clothing is not captured by most heat stress indices
Authors: Foster Josh , Smallcombe James W. , Hodder Simon , Jay Ollie , Flouris Andreas D. , Havenith George
Published: November 2021

Increasing air movement can alleviate or exacerbate occupational heat strain, but the impact is not well defined across a wide range of hot environments, with different clothing levels. Therefore, we combined a large empirical study with a physical model of human heat transfer to determine the climates where increased air movement (with electric fans) provides effective body cooling. The model allowed us to generate practical advice using a high-resolution matrix of temperature and humidity. The empirical study involved a total of 300 1-h work trials in a variety of environments (35, 40, 45, and 50 °C, with 20 up to 80% relative humidity) with and without simulated wind (3.5 vs 0.2 m∙s−1), and wearing either minimal clothing or a full body work coverall. Our data provides compelling evidence that the impact of fans is strongly determined by air temperature and humidity. When air temperature is ≥ 35 °C, fans are ineffective and potentially harmful when relative humidity is below 50%. Our simulated data also show the climates where high wind/fans are beneficial or harmful, considering heat acclimation, age, and wind speed. Using unified weather indices, the impact of air movement is well captured by the universal thermal climate index, but not by wet-bulb globe temperature and aspirated wet-bulb temperature. Overall, the data from this study can inform new guidance for major public and occupational health agencies, potentially maintaining health and productivity in a warming climate.
Intracranial aneurysm wall (in)stability–current state of knowledge and clinical perspectives
Authors: Morel Sandrine , Bijlenga Philippe , Kwak Brenda R.
Published: November 2021

Intracranial aneurysm (IA), a local outpouching of cerebral arteries, is present in 3 to 5% of the population. Once formed, an IA can remain stable, grow, or rupture. Determining the evolution of IAs is almost impossible. Rupture of an IA leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage and affects mostly young people with heavy consequences in terms of death, disabilities, and socioeconomic burden. Even if the large majority of IAs will never rupture, it is critical to determine which IA might be at risk of rupture. IA (in)stability is dependent on the composition of its wall and on its ability to repair. The biology of the IA wall is complex and not completely understood. Nowadays, the risk of rupture of an IA is estimated in clinics by using scores based on the characteristics of the IA itself and on the anamnesis of the patient. Classification and prediction using these scores are not satisfying and decisions whether a patient should be observed or treated need to be better informed by more reliable biomarkers. In the present review, the effects of known risk factors for rupture, as well as the effects of biomechanical forces on the IA wall composition, will be summarized. Moreover, recent advances in high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging, which are promising tools to discriminate between stable and unstable IAs, will be described. Common data elements recently defined to improve IA disease knowledge and disease management will be presented. Finally, recent findings in genetics will be introduced and future directions in the field of IA will be exposed.
Glycosphingolipid metabolism and its role in ageing and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wallom Kerri-Lee , Fernández-Suárez María E. , Priestman David A. , te Vruchte Danielle , Huebecker Mylene , Hallett Penelope J. , Isacson Ole , Platt Frances M.
Published: November 2021

It is well established that lysosomal glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) variants are a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), with increasing evidence suggesting a loss of function mechanism. One question raised by this genetic association is whether variants of genes involved in other aspects of sphingolipid metabolism are also associated with PD. Recent studies in sporadic PD have identified variants in multiple genes linked to diseases of glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism to be associated with PD. GSL biosynthesis is a complex pathway involving the coordinated action of multiple enzymes in the Golgi apparatus. GSL catabolism takes place in the lysosome and is dependent on the action of multiple acid hydrolases specific for certain substrates and glycan linkages. The finding that variants in multiple GSL catabolic genes are over-represented in PD in a heterozygous state highlights the importance of GSLs in the healthy brain and how lipid imbalances and lysosomal dysfunction are associated with normal ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this article we will explore the link between lysosomal storage disorders and PD, the GSL changes seen in both normal ageing, lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and PD and the mechanisms by which these changes can affect neurodegeneration.
Online convex combination of ranking models
Authors: Frigó Erzsébet , Kocsis Levente
Published: November 2021

As a task of high importance for recommender systems, we consider the problem of learning the convex combination of ranking algorithms by online machine learning. First, we propose a stochastic optimization algorithm that uses finite differences. Our new algorithm achieves close to optimal empirical performance for two base rankers, while scaling well with an increased number of models. In our experiments with five real-world recommendation data sets, we show that the combination offers significant improvement over previously known stochastic optimization techniques. The proposed algorithm is the first effective stochastic optimization method for combining ranked recommendation lists by online machine learning. Secondly, we propose an exponentially weighted algorithm based on a grid over the space of combination weights. We show that the algorithm has near-optimal worst-case performance bound. The bound provides the first theoretical guarantee for non-convex bandits using limited number of evaluations under very general conditions.
Sulphate reduction determines the long-term effect of iron amendments on phosphorus retention in lake sediments
Authors: Heinrich Lena , Dietel Jan , Hupfer Michael
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This field study aimed to guide the planning of iron amendments for phosphorus retention by investigating the long-term fate of iron added to two urban lakes (Plötzensee and Groß Glienicker See) in Berlin, Germany. The contributions of iron dosing to improve lake status as well as the relevance of competing processes for management success were evaluated.

Methods

Sediment stratigraphy, as well as occurrence of iron minerals, and fluxes between water and sediment were examined using geochemical analyses (i.e. element composition, sequential extraction, X-ray diffraction, and pore water analyses). A one-box lake model was used to relate these fluxes to monitoring data from the water column and to sediment inventories.

Results

In both lakes, the added iron was preserved in the sediment. Whereas phosphorus retention increased following the addition of iron to Groß Glienicker See, sulphur was retained by the excess iron in Plötzensee. This contrasting effect is attributed to significantly different sulphate reduction rates in two lakes (Wilcoxon rank sum test: W = 25, p = 0.008). According to the one-box model, sulphate reduction explained both the decrease in measured sulphate concentrations after iron application as well as the observed increase in sulphur deposition in the sediments.

Conclusion

Management interventions involving iron amendments to enhance phosphorus retention must consider the competing process of iron sulphide formation during the entire management plan period, and additional iron may need to be applied to account for this effect.
Mind the (IT-)System – Ein Vorschlag zur Gestaltung einer IT Due Diligence von Versicherungsunternehmen
Authors: Wrede Dirk
Published: November 2021

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt den strukturellen Aufbau und Untersuchungsumfang einer eigenständigen Due Diligence der IT von Versicherungsunternehmen. Hierzu werden auf Basis einer umfassenden Aufarbeitung der akademischen als auch praxisorientierten Literatur die einzelnen Teilbereiche und Schwerpunktsetzungen bei der Untersuchung der Versicherungs-IT segmentiert sowie ein Ordnungsrahmen für den strukturellen Aufbau einer IT Due Diligence vorgestellt. Ebenfalls wird der idealtypische Ablauf des Analyseprozesses dargestellt und diskutiert, wie sich die Erkenntnisse einer Due Diligence der IT in der sich anschließenden Unternehmensbewertung und den Vertragsverhandlungen berücksichtigen lassen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Analyse der Versicherungs-IT im Rahmen einer Due Diligence-Prüfung organisatorische, technische und rechtliche Aspekte umfasst, welche in Form eigenständiger Analysefelder strukturiert werden. Die mit der Informationsverarbeitung des zu akquirierenden Unternehmens in Zusammenhang stehenden Chancen- und Risikoaspekte lassen sich entweder als IT-Integrationskosten und Synergien bei der Unternehmenswertermittlung berücksichtigen oder durch die Ausarbeitung umfangreicher Garantie- und Haftungsvereinbarungen absichern.
A deterministic seismic risk macrozonation of Seville
Authors: Sá Luis Fazendeiro , Morales-Esteban Antonio , Neyra Percy Durand
Published: November 2021

The seismicity of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula is moderate but large events with long return periods occur (≈ 200 years). This exceeds the life of various generations, making the population unacquainted with the seismic hazard. On the one hand, this results in a low demanding seismic code which increases the seismic vulnerability and, therefore, the seismic risk. On the other hand, the local emergency services must be properly prepared to face a destructive seismic event, with emergency plans and mitigation strategies. This assumption enhances the need of assessing the seismic risk of Seville in a civil protection context. For all the aforementioned and for the lack of instrumental data of relevant earthquakes, the assessment of the seismic hazard in this area is challenging. To do this, seismogenic zones of the new seismic hazard map of Spain have been used as sources. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) for each scenario has been calculated by means of ground motion prediction equations (GMPE). To estimate the site effects, in a 1D model environment, a shear wave velocity (Vs) map of the top 5 m has been depicted based on the standard penetration test (SPT). Seville’s building stock has been classified in agreement with the previous works in Lorca and Barcelona to determine its vulnerability. The main goal of this work was to investigate the influence of the soil amplification on the seismic behaviour of different building typologies. Therefore, the final target was to plot the damage scenarios expected in Seville under a maximum credible earthquake by means of a deterministic seismic hazard assessment (DSHA). As outputs, the scenario modelled showed that around 27 000 buildings would experience a moderate damage and that 26 000 would suffer pre-collapse or even collapse. Thus, approximately 10% of the population would lose their dwellings. Regarding the human loses, around 22 000 people would suffer serious injuries and approximately 5 000 people would die. Owing to these conclusions, this research evidences the crucial need by civil protection services to implement a local emergency plan as a tool to mitigate the probable consequences that arise from this threat.
How to use Google street view for a time-lapse data collection methodology: potential uses for retailing
Authors: Uribe-Toril Juan , Ruiz-Real José Luis , Galindo Durán Alejandro , De Pablo Valenciano Jaime
Published: November 2021

Finding the optimal location is a relevant strategic decision for retailers. The classic theories of retail location offer complementary perspectives, and later models include new variables, although they present methodological problems, these methodologies are static in time. Google Street View (GSV) allows extending the analysis of predictive models to different fields by a time-lapse collection data offering new opportunities to research and providing dynamic information. The development of a customized methodology, incorporating the time-lapse technique for practical applications, is the main contribution of this research, since there is almost no research on this topic.
A direct method to detect and localise damage using longitudinal data of ends-of-span rotations under live traffic loading
Authors: Ferguson Alan J. , Hester David , Woods Roger
Published: November 2021

Existing work on rotation-based bridge monitoring has focused on indirect methods, such as bridge weigh-in-motion or influence line approaches. However, these approaches require increased instrumentation complexity, and require calibration, necessitating bridge closures. In this paper, we explore the potential of using rotation measurements to create a more practical and cost-effective monitoring system. To this end, we present a damage detection method which directly analyses bridge rotation data measured under live, free-flow traffic loading. We show how the Earth Mover’s Distance, typically used in statistics and image processing, can be applied directly on end-of-span rotation measurement data to achieve effective damage detection and localisation. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the approach’s robustness to the confounding effects of temperature variation and traffic diversity (vehicle type, loading, and velocity). The direct rotation measurement approach is applied to data from an in-service short-span bridge to demonstrate the technique’s capability with free-flow traffic loading.
Auxetic Expansion of the Tunica Albuginea for Penile Length and Girth Restoration Without a Graft: A Translational Study
Authors: Miranda Alexandre
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Several conditions can cause penile length and girth loss. Surgical techniques have been used to restore these penile alterations in patients with severe erectile dysfunction during penile prosthesis implantation. One technique uses multiple small incisions in a mesh pattern (similar to a skin mesh) with satisfactory curvature correction without using a graft, however, this technique does not allow simultaneous increase in penile length and girth.

Aim

To identify a new surgical technique that increases both the length and girth at the same place on the corpora cavernosa (CC), allowing a simultaneously longitudinal and transverse increase of the tunica albuginea.

Methods

A sheet with a star-shaped perforation was created using a mathematical model to allow a longitudinal and transversal increase in the material. Two previously published penile model simulators, with and without deformity, were used to test the mechanical modification of this incision pattern in the CC.

Main Outcome Measure

The effect of the incisions pattern on the geometry of the CC simulator.

Results

The star-shaped incision (auxetic) simultaneously increased the length, girth, and volume of the CC simulator. This auxetic technique could correct any penile deformity, re-establishing the original penile anatomy. The new auxetic incision is only a conceptual and experimental technique awaiting clinical evidence.

Conclusion

The data presented here show that the auxetic technique successfully increases both the length and girth at the same place on the CC simulators, opening a new potential solution to correct challenging cases of complex penile deformities and to restore volume loss.
Plication for Correction of Congenital Penile Curvature: With or Without Degloving?
Authors: Kusin Samuel B. , Khouri Roger K. , Dropkin Benjamin M. , Dietrich Peter N. , Ward Ellen E. , Baumgarten Adam S. , Kansal Jagan K. , Guise Amy I. , Morey Allen F.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Previously, incisionless plication (IP) for correction of congenital penile curvature (CPC) has been performed after penile degloving via a circumscribing incision.

Aim

To describe our experience with non-degloving incisionless penile plication (NDIP) for correction of CPC and compare these outcomes with those of men who underwent degloving incisionless penile plication (DIP).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of men ≤ 45 years of age who underwent incisionless penile plication for correction of CPC between 2008 and 2020 at two adult tertiary hospitals. Patients underwent either NDIP, performed through a 2-3 cm longitudinal incision along the proximal-to-mid shaft opposite the point of maximum penile curvature, or DIP via a sub-coronal circumscribing incision.

Main Outcome Measures

Surgical and patient-reported outcomes were compared between the non-degloving and degloving groups.

Results

Among the 38 men (mean age, 26 years) who met the inclusion criteria, 25 underwent NDIP, including 6 patients with biplanar curvature (2 Ventral, 4 Dorsal, 6 Lateral). Thirteen patients underwent DIP, including 1 patient with biplanar curvature (1 ventral, 1 lateral). Curvature reduction was 50 ± 23 degrees for the NDIP group and 36 ± 10 degrees for the DIP group (P = .04). Five (20%) patients in the NDIP group and nine (69%) patients in the DIP group experienced a reduction in stretched penile length following plication (SPL) (P = .01). One patient in the NDIP group underwent an additional plication for recurrent curvature.

Conclusion

Both NDIP and DIP are safe and highly efficacious techniques for the correction of CPC.