bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Når vi ikke kjenner fremtiden; Scenarioer som metode for skoleutvikling?
Authors: Brattvoll Morten , Rotvold Lars Aage , Slettbakk Åse
Published: December 2020

In this chapter, we focus on how action research can help to improve learning in nationally initiated school development processes. The empirical material in this study is derived from the implementation of the national project “Ungdomstrinn i utvikling” (UiU). Through UiU, we have worked with school development in six municipalities, where we have facilitated future stories or scenarios in the process of helping schools to reflect on their devlopement. In order to study the schools work on improvement, our study illustrates how scenario narratives can be used as a method to promote involvement, collective learning and contribute to school development. Six different scenario stories based on three different theories formed the basis of the participants’ discussion and reflections on the improvement work. Each theory forms the basis for a success narrative and a failure narrative around the implementation of UiU. The topic of the article is: In what ways can scenarios be used as a method for developing schools? We find that use of scenarios help both teachers and school leaders thinking outside the box. The scenarios can give participants the opportunity to anticipate changes at their own school and in this way, create a base for learning. The article focuses on both the teachers involved and ourselves as action researchers.
Myndiggjøringsbegrepet og demokratiske prosesser – i lys av Kritisk utopisk aksjonsforskning, CUAR
Authors: Schwencke Eva
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to provide new perspectives on the concept of empowerment and empowering processes through theoretical studies and practical examples in action research. The terms are viewed particularly in light of Critical Utopian Action Research, CUAR. The research approach is based on three completed research projects that have been analyzed with a view to the importance of empowerment and empowering processes in action research projects. All of the projects show that the researchers systematically facilitated and wanted the participants to develop their subjectivity through their own empowering processes. In this way, the participants could use their experiences and reflections to become drivers of knowledge development in the projects. Their expertise, through their concrete and local experiences from work and everyday life, can be the basis for local opportunities for improvement and development of common knowledge. The development of the collaboration on a broad “common third” and a common reality horizon can contribute to knowledge development that takes place in collaboration. Action research can thus contribute to extending the concept of research so that the researcher no longer has the exclusive right to do what can be called research.
Yrkesrettet aksjonsforskning der arbeids-/produksjonsprosesser er omdreiningspunktet for undervisning og opplæring
Authors: Sannerud Arne Ronny
Published: December 2020

This article is about capacity building within vocational pedagogy and action research conducted in Uganda. The R&D work had two research questions; the first one concerns companies’ expectations of educational institutions, the second is about how the educational institutions can meet these expectations. Because there was a desire for development, it became natural for the project to be carried out as an action research project where, among other things, it introduced and developed specific tools aimed for research within vocational education and training. The article has a vocational pedagogical/vocational didactic focus where work processes are the starting point for vocational education and training. The article’s contribution to the vocational pedagogical field documents Ugandan work life’s strong need for closer collaboration between companies and education, and that educational institutions must be action-oriented. The second result is the further development of known tools and combinations of these for use in the implementation of vocational pedagogy and action research projects.
En aksjonsforskningsstudie av samarbeid i grensesoner – betydningen av deltakernes forventninger
Authors: Stenshorne Elisabeth , Madsen Janne
Published: December 2020

Based on a specific, school-based development project this article reflects on the participants’ experiences of the process. Experiences are discussed with particular emphasis on expectations from three school leaders, teachers, resource teachers and the university mentors. These participants all joined with different experiences and possibilities. In this case, the mentors from the university are also the researchers. The participants worked across their professional boundaries. Cultural historical activity theory is the framework for gathering and analyzing data and for the collaboration between the participants. Narratives in this action learning study show how expectations support practitioners` involvement and motivation for improvement, which in turn contributes to changing the school practices. Furthermore, when different actors cross boundaries and meet over time in a third space, the dialogue is challenged and refined, and creativity and knowledge trigger new insights and understanding.
Aktivitetsteori som tenkeredskap i aksjonsforskning
Authors: Eri Thomas , Aas Marit
Published: December 2020

In this chapter we present and discuss how cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) can inform and contribute to action research. The discussion is based on a study of how principles in activity theory are translated and applied by participants in a PhD course on action research at Oslo Metropolitan University. Key findings show that when participants use activity theory as a thinking tool in their action research projects, they identify systemic contradictions which in turn contribute to increased understanding of what potentially hinders and promotes change and development in their projects.
Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Melalui Implementasi Model Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share
Authors: Petriah Reni Ayuda , Gita I Nyoman
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas XI Jasa Boga 3 SMK Negeri 2 tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 melalui implementasi  model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari 2 pertemuan.Tahapan masing-masing siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, evaluasi, dan refleksi. Data aktivitas belajar siswa diperoleh melalui observasi. Sedangkan, data hasil belajar siswa diperoleh melalui tes evaluasi pada akhir tiap siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor aktivitas belajar siswa pada pertemuan pertama dan kedua  siklus I masing-masing adalah 17,67 dan 18,33  dengan kategori tinggi. Pada pertemuan pertama dan kedua siklus II, skor aktivitas belajar siswa masing-masing adalah 20,67 dan 22,33 dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Dari analisis hasil evaluasi belajar siswa, rata-rata hasil evaluasi pada siklus I adalah 74,01 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 62,86% . Sedangkan rata-rata hasil evaluasi pada siklus II adalah 82,71 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 85,71%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi model kooperatif tipe think pair share secara optimal dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas XI Jasa Boga 3 SMK Negeri 2 tahun pelajaran 2018/2019.
Implementasi Kooperatif NHT Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Teknik Dasar Passing Kaki Bagian Dalam
Authors: Suwandewi Wayan Fitri
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar teknik dasar passing kaki bagian dalam melalui implementasi model NHT pada Peserta didik kelas X A5 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas X A5 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja,berjumlah 36 orang. pada siklus I aktivitas belajar siswa didapatkan secara klasikal 7,15 (aktif), dan 8,00 (aktif) pada siklus II. Sedangkan persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar kompetensi pengetahuan pada siklus I yaitu 83,3%(tuntas) dan 100%(tuntas) pada siklus II. Peningkatan hasil belajar secara signifikan juga terjadi pada kompetensi sikap dan kompetensi keterampilan. Jadi aktivitas dan hasil belajar teknik dasar passing kaki bagian dalam meningkat melalui implementasi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT pada peserta didik kelas X A5 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja. Disarankan kepada guru PJOK agar menggunakan model NHT karena dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar teknik dasar passing kaki bagian dalam.
IMPLEMENTASI KOOPERATIF NHT MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR TEKNIK DASAR PASSING KAKI BAGIAN LUAR
Authors: Dwi Astika I Komang , Agung Parwata , I Gusti Lanang
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar passing melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas XII MIPA 8 SMA Negeri 1 Singaraja, yang berjumlah 32 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata aktivitas belajar passing  kaki bagian luar, secara klasikal pada observasi awal 6,2 (cukup aktif), meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 7,14 (aktif), dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 7,92 (aktif). Sedangkan persentase kentuntasan hasil belajar secara klasikal pada observasi awal 20%,  meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 84%, dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 100%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas dan hasil belajar passing menggunakan kaki bagian luar sepakbola meningkat melalui penerapan model pembelajaran NHT pada siswa kelas XII MIPA 8 SMA Negeri 1 Singaraja. Disarankan kepada guru PJOK untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran NHT karena meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar  passing menggunakan kaki bagian luar siswa.
STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY USING MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUE (A CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH IN CLASS X-A UPW)
Authors: Sugiharti Beti
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa kelas X-A UPW dalam menulis teks descriptif dengan menggunakan tehnik mind mapping atau peta konsep. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah kelas X-A UPW SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja yang berjumlah tiga puluh enam siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan berdasarkan pada hasil observasi yang menunjukkan bahwa siswa mempunyai kesulitan dalam menulis, seperti; kesulitan dalam tata bahasa, kurangnya kalimat yang bervariasi, tidak masuk akal dan kosakata yang lemah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dan dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari rencana, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penilitian ini adalah tes (pre-tes, post tes 1, post tes 2) dan angket. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pada kemampuan menulis dan prestasi siswa dalam menulis teks deskriptif dan melewati kriteria ketuntasan minimal (75) pada siklus pertama. Nilai rata-rata meningkat dari 70,77 (pre-tes) menjadi 74,77 (post tes 1) dan 80,5 (pos tes 2). Kesimpulannya adalah peta konsep adalah suatu teknik yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks deskriptif. Sebagai tembahan, penelitian ini menyarankan agar penelitian selanjutnya meneliti bermacam-macam teks menggunakan tehnik peta konsep, seperti teks eksposisi analitis, diskusi dan eksposisi hortatori.
Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pada Aspek Berbicara Materi Descriptive Text
Authors: Suryono Suryono
Published: December 2020

Masalah pokok yang diangkat dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar bahasa Inggris yang dicapai siswa kelas X. APH.2 SMK Negeri 2 rangkasbitung pada aspek berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMK Negeri 2 rangkasbitung pada kelas X. APH.2 Semester Ganjil tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 36 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus, tiap siklus dalam penelitian meliputi empat langkah yaitu (1) perencanaan (planning), (2) pelaksanaan (acting), (3) observasi (observing), (4) refleksi (reflecting). Hasil Penelitian yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) Hasil pada siklus I nilai rata – rata 79, 2) Ketuntasan Belajar pada siklus I adalah 78%, 3) Hasil pada siklus II nilai rata-rata 79, dan 4) Ketuntasan Belajar pada siklus II adalah 100%. Berdasarkan data penelitian dan pembahasan dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning pada mata pelajaran bahasa inggrius dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X APH.2 Semester ganjil SMK Negeri 2 Rangkasbitung tahun pelajaran 2018/2019
Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Matematikan Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Instruction
Authors: Karmi Ni Nyoman
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 2 Payangan di kelas VIII B yang kemampuan siswanya untuk Mata pelajaran Matematika cukup rendah. Tujuan penulisan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran Problem Based Instruction dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Metode pengumpulan datanya adalah tes prestasi belajar. Metode analisis datanya adalah deskriptif baik untuk data kualitatif maupun untuk data kuantitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Problem Based Instruction dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Ini terbukti dari hasil yang diperoleh pada awalnya mencapai nilai rata-rata 68,12, pada siklus I mencapai nilai rata-rata 71,56 dan pada siklus II mencapai nilai rata-rata 81,56. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran Problem Based Instruction dapat prestasi belajar Matematika pada siswa kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 2 Payangan
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Lviv polytechnic National University, Marchenko Alexander N. , Perii S. S. ,   Lviv polytechnic National University, Tartachynska Z. R. ,   Lviv polytechnic National University
Published: December 2020

This study aims to derive the Earth’s temporally varying Earth’s tensor of inertia based on the dynamical ellipticity , the coefficients , from UT/CSR data. They allow to find the time-varying Earth’s mechanical and geometrical parameters during the following periods: (a) from 1976 to 2020 based on monthly and weekly solutions of the coefficient ; (b) from 1992 to 2020 based on monthly and weekly solutions of the non zero coefficients , related to the principal axes of inertia, allowing to build models their long-term variations. Differences between and , given in various systems, represent the average value , which is smaller than time variations of or , characterizing a high quality of UT/CSR solutions. Two models for the time-dependent dynamical ellipticity were constructed using long-term variations for the zonal coefficient during the past 44 and 27.5 years. The approximate formulas for the time-dependent dynamical ellipticity were provided by the additional estimation of each parameter of the Taylor series, fixing at epoch =J2000 according to the IAU2000/2006 precession-nutation theory. The potential of the time-dependent gravitational quadrupole according to Maxwell theory was used to derive the new exact formulas for the orientation of the principal axes , , via location of the two quadrupole axes. Hence, the Earth’s time-dependent mechanical and geometrical parameters, including the gravitational quadrupole, the principal axes and the principal moments of inertia were computed at each moment during the past 27.5 years from 1992 to 2020. However, their linear change in all the considered parameters is rather unclear because of their various behavior on different time-intervals including variations of a sign of the considered effects due to a jump in the time-series during the time-period 1998 – 2002. The Earth’s 3D and 1D density models were constructed based on the restricted solution of the 3D Cartesian moments inside the ellipsoid of the revolution. They were derived with conditions to conserve the time-dependent gravitational potential from zero to second degree, the dynamical ellipticity, the polar flattening, basic radial jumps of density as sampled for the PREM model, and the long-term variations in space-time mass density distribution. It is important to note that in solving the inverse problem, the time dependence in the Earth's inertia tensor arises due to changes in the Earth's density, but does not depend on changes in its shape, which is confirmed by the corresponding equations where flattening is canceled.
Molecular genetic techniques in current biomedical research. Part I: Theoretical basis of PCR -diagnostics
Authors: Volkov A. N. , Nacheva L. V
Published: December 2020

Molecular genetic techniques represent an essential part of current biomedical research. Among them, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most widespread. This approach reproduces the natural mechanism of nucleic acid replication in vitro, specifically restricted to the region of interest. PCR permits fast and highly specific amplification of the genome fragments belonging to any organism. Therefore, the applications of PCR diagnostics vary from identifying infectious agents to establishing causes of hereditary and multifactorial diseases and to personal identification in forensic medicine. The proposed lecture course discusses the PCR principles and cases of its application in biomedical research. Here we describe theoretical concepts and molecular basis of PCR diagnostics as well as chemical features of the nucleic acids. Particular attention is paid to the technical solutions extending the applicability of PCR and to the manipulations for its successful use. The lecture is primarily aimed at biomedical students and junior researchers.
Assessment of current laboratory diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Koshkarina Е. A. , Kovalishena O. V. , Saperkin N. V. , Krasnov V. V. , Zubarov Р. G. , Chekanina O. М.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To investigate the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised children and to evaluate the accuracy of the methods for its laboratory confirmation.

Materials and Methods. We performed descriptive and cross-sectional epidemiological studies. Results of the rapid immunochromatographic assay (ICT) were compared with those obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results. DNA of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae was found in 65.5% and 13.8% of the patients. Microbial associations were observed in 13.7% of patients (Mycoplasma pneumoniae + Streptococcus pneumoniae, 10.3%; Streptococcus pneumoniae + Haemophilus influenzae, 3.4%). Chlamydophila pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2 were not detected. The cause of community-acquired pneumonia was not identified in 6.9% of the cases. A diagnostic accuracy of ICT was 27.58% and its sensitivity was relatively small (9.09%; 95% CI 1; 29), compared with a relatively high specificity (85.7%; 95% CI 42; 100).

Conclusions. Rapid ICT assay must be accompanied by the PCR or other diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in children.
Sarcopenia is associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis in male patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Raskina Т. A. , Grigorieva I. I. , Letaeva М. V. , Ivanov V. I. , Masenko V. V.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To investigate the association between coronary atherosclerosis and sarcopenia in male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material and Methods. We enrolled 79 male patients with CAD verified by coronary angiography (median age 63 (57; 66) years). Patients were stratified according to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis: 1) 1 or 2 affected coronary arteries; 2) 3 affected coronary arteries; 3) lesions in the left main coronary artery (LMCA), with or without other coronary arteries involved. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the recommendations of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) which include examination examining of muscle strength, mass and function. Patients were also divided into those without sarcopenia (n = 31), those with presarcopenia (n = 21), and those with sarcopenia (n = 27).

Results. Severity of coronary atherosclerosis inversely correlated with the musculoskeletal index (r = - 0.227, p = 0.047). A higher prevalence of LMCA lesions was noted in patients with sarcopenia compared with those with presarcopenia or without sarcopenia (29.6% vs. 20.0% vs. 13.3%, respectively). Severe CAD (3 affected coronary arteries or LMCA lesions was associated with a reduction in the musculoskeletal index with sensitivity of 68.1% and specificity of 56.7% (area under the curve = 0.634; 95% CI: 0.515-0.741; p = 0.028; Youden's index 0.248).

Conclusion. Sarcopenia is associated with increased severity of CAD.
Impact of short-term physical prehabilitation on psychophysiological parameters in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Trubnikova О. A. , Tarasova I. V. , Mos’kin E. G. , Kupriyanova D. S. , Syrova I. D. , Argunova Yu. A. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: December 2020

Aim.To study psychophysiological parameters in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) who optionally underwent a short course of physical prehabilitation (PPR).

Materials and Methods.We carried out a prospective randomised study which included 97 male patients (45 to 70 years) with coronary artery disease who underwent elected CABG; 47 of them additionally underwent a 5-7-day course of aerobic physical training before the surgery. Both patient groups were comparable with respect to the baseline clinicopathological features. Neuropsychological examination and electroencephalography was performed before the surgery and at 7th-10th day after CABG. Development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was considered as the study endpoint.

Results.POCD developed in 58% patients with PPR and in 78.7% patients without PPR (p = 0.037); therefore, the risk of developing POCD in those who underwent PPR was lower (OR=0,39, р=0,045). Further, patients with PPR showed an increase in integral attention value relative to the preoperative state (p = 0.04) while those without PPR demonstrated a decrease in this cognitive parameter (p = 0.03). Integral attention value and general cognitive status remained higher in patients with PPR than in those without (p = 0.048 and p = 0.048, respectively) at 7th-10th day after CABG. The theta1 rhythm power increase was higher in patients without PPR at 7th-10th day after CABG (p = 0.01).

Conclusion.The patients with a short preoperative course of PPR had better indicators of electrical cortical activity and higher integral cognitive value in the early postoperative period after CABG than those without training. Short course of PPR before CABG can increase the resistance of the brain to the intraoperative injury and may reduce the severity of the cognitive impairment after cardiac surgery. Indicators of brain electrical activity can be informative to evaluate the efficiency of cardiac rehabilitation
Comparative analysis of the foot position in children with symptomatic and asymptomatic flatfoot using the foot posture index (FPI-6)
Authors: Shabaldin N. A. , Shabaldin A. V. , Titov F. V. , Kokina V. A.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To compare the foot position in asymptomatic children and those who received conservative or surgical because of flatfoot.

Materials and Methods. We consecutively recruited three patient groups: 112 healthy children, 74 children with a pronation position, and 80 children with an overpronation position of the foot. The Foot Posture Index (FPI – 6) was used for the clinical examination. Visual and manual clinical tests were used to determine the mobility of the foot joints. X-ray was performed in a standard lateral projection with a load; if necessary, multislice computed tomography of the foot was performed.

Results. Healthy children commonly have pronation position of the foot during the first 10 years of life, with the further normalisation of the posture. In patients receiving conservative treatment of foot pronation, normalisation of the foot position was considerably less pronounced than in healthy children. Further, in those with overpronation position, there were no age-dependent changes in the posture and surgery was the only efficient approach to correct the flatfoot.

Conclusion. FPI-6 is a highly sensitive tool for clinical diagnosis of flatfoot. Moderate pronation has a more favorable prognosis than the overpronation position, which is not corrected during the body growth or by the conservative treatment. Yet, surgery is a safe and efficient approach to relieve the pain syndrome and treat the flatfoot deformity.
Efficiency of il-6 inhibitor (olokizumab) in suppressing inflammation in patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Ganyukova N. G. , Likstanov M. I. , Kosinova M. V. , Kushnir I. N. , Moses V. G. , Moses K. B.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To study the efficiency of IL-6 inhibitor olokizumab in suppressing the inflammation and improving treatment outcomes in patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia.

Materials and Methods. We enrolled 48 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia who had indications for the treatment with olokizumab. Treatment group (n = 29) included patients who received a single subcutaneous injection of olokizumab (0.4 mL, 160 mg/mL) while placebo group (n = 19) included those who did not receive the drug because of contraindications. Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, ferritin and D-dimer) have been evaluated on the 1st and the 5th day after the administration of olokizumab. Efficiency of olokizumab was assessed by the treatment outcome and suppression of cytokine storm.

Results. At the 5th day, SpO2 was 90% (88; 92-93) in both groups, yet none of the patients in the treatment group required a mechanical ventilation, in contrast to 21.1% patients in the placebo group (p = 0.001). Inflammatory parameters were also reduced in the treatment group according to the measurements of serum C-reactive protein (5.6 (1.8;13.5) and 23 (17;92.5) mg/L in the treatment and placebo group, respectively, p = 0.0002) and white blood cell count (5.9 (4.8;6.2) and 7.6 (6.6;12 )*109 /L in the treatment and placebo group, respectively, p=0.03). No statistically significant differences were registered regarding serum ferritin (325 (200; 700) and 215 (186; 526) ng/mL, p = 0.41), D-dimer (827 (378; 1940) and 1464 (677; 4600) ng FEU/mL, p = 0.16) and lymphocyte count (1.3 (0.8; 2.1) and 1.5 (1; 2.1)*109 /L, p =0.44). Death was registered in 3.5% and 21.1% of patients in the treatment and placebo group, respectively, (p = 0.05).

Conclusion. Olokizumab ameliorated the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia, improved treatment outcomes and reduced systemic inflammation.
The neutrophil extracellular traps as a component of the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Kayukova Е. V. , Fefelova E. V.
Published: December 2020

The stem cell mutations and modification of the tumor microenvironment are the main causes of cancer formation. The neutrophiles extracellular traps (NETs) are the components of the tumor microenvironment. NETs are web-like structures composed of nucleic acids, enzymes, cytoplasmic proteins, and bound pathogens. Currently the information on the pathogenetic role of NETs in the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases is contradictory. There is data of their carcinogenic effect.

Aim. To determine the amount of NETs and the composition of the tumor microenvironment in the cervical smears in patients with precancerous diseases and cervical cancer.

Material and Methods. The clinical group 1 - patients with precancer cervical diseases (n=10), the clinical group 2 – patients with cervical cancer III stage (n=14) were studied. The average age of patients was 38±8.26. The control group was formed of volunteers without cervical pathologies (n=10). Cervical smears were used as the material for the research. The study was compliant with the principles of WMA Declaration of Helsinki, 1964, rev. 2013 and was performed with consent of the Local Ethics Committee of Chita State Medical Academy. Cancer or dysplastic cells, normall cells, immune cells, NETs were counted in Feulgen stained cervical smears by the optical microscope.

Results. There are reducing the proportion of healthy epithelial cells, increasing the pool of immune system cells and the appearance of the NETs in the cervical scraping during cervical cancerogenesis. NETs were visualized In 60% of cervical cancer patients. The statistically significant differences in the content of NF in cervical smears among the group of patients with precancerous diseases of the cervix and the control group did not determinated.

Conclusion. Detection of the NETs in the cervical smears may be a new cytological sign of malignancy of the cervical epithelium. Detection of the NETs in the cervical tumor microenvironment smears may indicate their involvement in cervical carcinogenesis.
Top 10 publications of Intensive Care Medicine journal 2020
Authors: Grigoriev Е. V. , Ivanova O. N. , Krasnov V. V. , Zhdanov V. V.
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 pandemic provoked an increasing interest in recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of critical care patients. Among the main problems are the lack of evidence-based guidelines and a growing number of patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Therefore, indications for the use of previously uncommon intensive care approaches are expanding. These reasons, along with a large pool of non-systematic literature, dictate the need in the narrative review of top 10 recent publications which provide a snapshot of the most relevant research in critical care. These papers overview evidence-based information on the control of acute kidney injury, ventilator-associated pneumonia and sepsis in critically ill patients including those with COVID-19, principles of proper haemodynamic and ventilatory support, timely cessation of antimicrobial therapy, efficient prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding, and the use of the prone position in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Rationale for granulometric medium characteristics under vibration processing of parts with small grooves and holes
Authors: Tamarkin M. A. , Kolganova E. N. , Yagmurov M. A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The design technique for a highly efficient technological process of vibration finishing of parts with small grooves and holes is presented. The decision is based on the selection of the granulometric characteristics of the processing environments. The cross-sectional shape and geometrical dimensions of burrs on typical parts of radio electronic equipment (REE) are analyzed. A generalized burr model has been developed. Methodological principles for the selection of particle size characteristics of operating environments are determined.

Materials and Methods. The new classification and coding according to the constructive and technological principles of REE components will provide reasonable selection of the equipment, environments and modes when designing their finishing process.

Results. A technique has been developed for selecting the granulometric characteristics of operating environments with the account of the major technological problems. Based on the design and technological features of the REE components, the dependences are proposed for determining the size and shape of the processing granules. The acceptance criteria for evaluating the results of vibration processing are determined. It is noted that one of the major tasks in the vibration processing of parts with small grooves and holes is to provide such in-process time at which burrs are removed, and the roughness and other surface parameters meet the technical requirements. In this case, the accuracy of the linear dimensions of the processed surfaces should be considered an indicator of quality. Quantitatively, this criterion is assessed on a specific index whose calculation considers the largest actual size before vibration processing, the burr height, the smallest allowable size after processing, and the tolerance established by the technical requirements. The process efficiency criterion is defined as the ratio of the machinability index to the processing time of a batch of parts or the cycle time per part. The proposed criterion enables to compare treatment processes under validating the solution to technological problems.

Discussion and Conclusions. The study results enable to confirm that vibration processing in the organic environment contributes to the effective removal of burrs and edge smoothing of small-sized parts of electronic equipment with small grooves and holes.
Investigation of technological parameters effect on metal removal during centrifugal rotary machining
Authors: Nguyen Van Tho , Tischenko Eh. Eh. , Panfilov I. A. , Mordovtsev A. A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The study results on the single interaction under the centrifugal rotary part machining in the abrasive discrete medium are presented. Simultaneously with the numerical simulation, experiments were carried out on a centrifugal-rotary unit, and the maximum depth of penetration into the surface of the part, the single-track sizes, metal removal in one blow of an abrasive granule, were investigated. The removal of metal from workpieces was investigateddepending on the processing modes, characteristics of the abrasive particle and the processed material.

Materials and Methods. The dependences for determining the metal removal from workpieces (steels 45, copper Cu-OF, and aluminum alloy D16T) are taken into account depending on the grain size (N3) of abrasive particles. The process of a single interaction of an abrasive particle and the workpiece surface is considered within the framework of the dynamic contact problem of the elasticity theory. The authors have carried out finite element modeling of the considered structures in CAE ANSYS package.

Results. The results of theoretical and experimental studies on the metal removal from workpieces depending on the grain size of abrasive particles are presented. The technique of their implementation, the tool and equipment used are described. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are compared. Their fine precision is established. Abrasive tools and processing modes are selected.

Discussion and Conclusions. The dependences constructed in the work provide determining the rational values of the technological parameters of the centrifugal rotary machining (CRM) process. They can be used under designing the CRM processes. Therefore, time and financial resources can be saved to achieve the desired surface quality.
Analisis Permintaan Cabai Merah Besar di Kota Padang, Sumatra Barat
Authors: Hamidah Kurnia , Syahni Rahmat , Sari Rina
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh dari harga cabai merah besar, harga cabai merah keriting, harga bawang merah, dan terhadap permintaan cabai merah besar di Kota Padang pada periode 2009 - 2018.  Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang berbentuk time series. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Analisis Linear Berganda. Variabel yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah Permintaan Cabai Merah Besar di Kota Padang (Y), Harga Cabai Merah Besar (X1), Harga Cabai Merah Keriting (X2), Harga Bawang Merah (X3), serta Pendapatan Perkapita kota Padang (X4). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Harga Cabai Merah Besar, Cabai Merah Keriting, Harga Bawang Merah memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap Permintaan Cabai Merah Besar di Kota Padang namun Pendapatan Perkapita Kota Padang tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap Permintaan Cabai Merah Besar di Kota Padang
Warisan Sikap Toleran Masa Kesultanan Banjar dan Keberlanjutannya Untuk Masyarakat Lokal Sekarang
Authors: Wasita
Published: December 2020

The result of this study is intended to prove that the Banjarese have the right attitude of tolerance, supported by archaeological evidences. In this regard, the research question is, how the tolerance implemented by the Banjar community, recorded in archaeological data, and how local people inherit and implement it in their life nowadays? This research used a descriptive method with inductive reasoning. The data were described as well as being placed in the historical timeline of the Banjar Sovereignty. Tolerance data are indicated by the group diversity (at least two groups) existed in the same time and locus, and both have a relationship. Furthermore, tolerance is evidenced by the attitude of the ruler who was willing to tolerate, not suppress, and give proper rights. This study’s results indicate that archaeological evidence had been supported by historical literature, which showed that the Banjar people have strong historical roots of tolerance. The people of South Kalimantan can continue the implementation of that tolerance in a life of diversity presently. It can be concluded that the history of tolerance that has been practiced since our ancestors must be maintained by continuously dialogued so that it can be implemented in an appropriate space and time context.
Firms’ Specific Determinants of Capital Structure: An Analysis into Construction Firms in Malaysia and Singapore
Authors: Upilin Siti Zulaikha , S.Mohammad Hapsah
Published: December 2020

The study aims to examine the firm-specific factors such as firm size, profitability and asset tangibility in the capital structure decisions (leverage) on a sample of twenty construction firms in Malaysia and Singapore from 2009 to 2018, with 200 observations. The sample firms are chosen based on convenience sampling technique and the availability of the data. Prior studies documented inconclusive findings on the determinants of capital structure and different industries tend to reveal different patterns of relationship. In addition, the empirical evidence on comparative analysis between construction firms in Malaysia and Singapore is lacking. Hence, the objective of this study is to extend the prior work by investigating the impact of the determinants on capital structure on the construction firms in Malaysia and Singapore. The study uses panel data analysis to test the effectivity of trade-off, pecking order and agency cost theories of capital structure. The empirical findings reveal positive and significant association between firm size and capital structure for Singapore firms. Meanwhile, profitability and asset tangibility correlate negatively with capital structure. As for Malaysian firms, the three determinants exhibit insignificant association with the capital structure. The study only examines 10 construction firms in Malaysia and 10 construction firms in Singapore, therefore, the small sample size becomes the limitation of the study. Nevertheless, the findings of this study may contribute to the body of knowledge on the importance of some firm-specific determinants such as profitability, tangible assets, and firm size in order to determine the optimal level of capital structure for firms in these countries.
General Anesthetic Management for Patient with Brugada Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Bak Ji Won , Kim Se Jin , Roh Yeon Ji , Cho So Yeon , Kang Seongsik
Published: December 2020

Brugada syndrome is an arrhythmogenic cardiopathy characterized by electrocardiography (ECG) pattern of the presence of an atypical right bundle branch block pattern with ST segment elevation in the precordial leads (V1-V3). It is sometimes associated with sudden deaths caused by ventricular arrhythmia. Here, we are reporting a case of a 43-year-old male patient with Brugada syndrome who underwent a tonsillectomy under general anesthesia without any complications.
Dante A. Urbina: ¡Dios sí existe!
Authors: García Suárez Ignacio
Published: December 2020

Se hace una reseña de la obra mencionada en el título de este escrito teniendo en cuenta el contenido de la obra, experiencias personales al leer el libro, datos sobre el autor, curiosidades, elementos a tener en cuenta para proseguir con una lectura de esta índole y recomendaciones finales.
On the Importance of Philosophical Principles to the Social Concept of Global Constitutionalism
Authors: GONCHAROV Vitaliy , ZALESNY Jacek , BALASHENKO Sergey , VASILEVICH Grigory , PUKHOV Artem
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the study of the role and place that philosophical principles play in the formation and development of the social concept of global constitutionalism.
The objective defined is to analyze the significance of philosophical principles in global constitutionalism as a social concept.
In the research, the author concretized and substantiated the concepts (1) of philosophical principles in social concept, (2) basic philosophical principles of the social concept of global constitutionalism (of development; of cognizability of the world; of the material unity of the world; of the unity of the historical and logical; of ascent from the abstract to the concrete), (3) global constitutionalism as the dominant interpretation of social reality.
Axioms of Philosophy in Aristotle’s Metaphysics
Authors: DJIJIAN Robert , HOVHANNISYAN Hasmik
Published: December 2020

The goal of this article is to study Aristotle’s concept of philosophical principles. Metaphysics required from a philosopher to reveal the axioms of his teaching. It declared the law of contradiction as the most certain of all principles and axioms. This article proves that Aristotelian definition of truth makes it necessary to accept the ontological formulations of all the three main laws of thought as axioms of first philosophy. This article points out the absence of any reference in Metaphysics on Categorias and vice versa. This circumstance questions if could Aristotle be the author of the both works? Authors of this article underline that the modern trend of meta-philosophical studies requires investigating the possibility of building the system of axiomatic philosophy.
Traditional and Modern Concepts of Rhetoric: Six Peculiarities
Authors: HOVHANNISYAN Hovhannes
Published: December 2020

The article explores the common denominators and differences of traditional and modern understandings of rhetoric. It reveals main tendencies of development of rhetoric as a field of theoretical knowledge and transformations of the problematics. The issue of interrelation between logical-content and extra-logical (psychological, aesthetic, ethical, linguistic, ritual) factors in traditional and modern concepts of rhetoric is discussed. The following thesis is substantiated that in modern concepts of rhetoric both the arsenal of tricks used and the area of operation are expanded to include other forms and manifestations of human communication in line with the individual-to-audience model.

It is argued that, unlike traditional rhetoric, which is largely monologue-based, modern concepts mostly implement rhetoric tricks in negotiation, debate, and competition situations.

The article analyzes the issue of correlation between oral public and direct speech on the one hand, and, on the other, written speech and mediated means of communication in the traditional and modern concepts of rhetoric.

The view is substantiated that in the modern system of rhetoric, much importance is attached to ethical questions, to the issues whether the means used are permissible or inadmissible in terms of effective communication norms.

The relations between the philosophical theory of rhetoric (general rhetoric) and its individual spheres are discussed.
Human dignity - the basis of human rights to social protection
Authors: BURIBAYEV Yermek , KHAMZINA Zhanna , BELKHOZHAYEVA Dinara , MEIRBEKOVA Gulzhazira , KADIRKULOVA Gulim , BOGATYREVA Lidiya
Published: December 2020

We argue that using human dignity as a criterion for determining social protection measures is an effective method. Although the concept of human dignity used in the constitutions of individual countries and international documents is vague and contradictory, it can be taken as a basis when justifying the human right to such a level of social protection that guarantees life with human dignity. That is, we adhere to the widespread opinion that human rights are justified by human dignity. We discuss how the concept of human dignity can influence the coercion of state authorities in Kazakhstan to fulfil their obligations to citizens on social assistance, how this concept can influence state social policy. Thus, the submissions can serve as a basis for the improvement of the regulatory legal framework in rights and freedoms protection.
Methodological Principles of Investigators Training on Examination of Missile-Artillery Crime Scene
Authors: GRIGORYAN Hayk
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes a number of destructive factors that cause objective difficulties in the examination of the crime scene in the areas of armed conflict, including in the process of investigating war crimes committed by the opposing sides of an armed conflict with the use of missile-artillery and aerial missile-bomb weapons. These difficulties are primarily connected with the committing crimes by representatives of the opposing side of the armed conflict, their obstruction of the activities of military justice bodies, including by mining the area, the use of small arms, mortar and missile-artillery weapons, the presence of significant casualties and destruction, which generally complicates the examination of the scene. The analysis carried out by the author makes it possible to propose scientifically grounded recommendations for the examination of the crime scene in areas of an armed conflict when investigating war crimes committed by the opposing side of an armed conflict using missile-artillery and aerial missile-bomb weapons, which will help to significantly minimize the consequences of these factors and in general, to increase the efficiency of the inspection of the places of incidents in the areas of armed conflict.
الأساليب الإنشائية في الأربعين النووية
Authors: Muammar
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe the secrets contained in the words of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, especially in terms of structuralism in the choice of words spoken from his oral Muhammad peace be upon him, because everything that is spoken from the oral of the Prophet Muhammad is a revelation that is absolute to believe, then in terms of fluency this is a treasure in the branch of balaghah science. This study used a qualitative method with descriptive analysis, where this method focuses on the words of the Prophet Muhammad that written in the Al 'Arbai'in An Nawaiyah book, and also the structural techniques that researched in this study only focuses on a few form of words that is al amr (command word), an nahyu (prohibition word), al istifham (question word), an nidaa (call word). The findings of this study are the words os the Prophet Muhammad that written on Al 'Arbai'in An Nawaiyah book contain many forms of structural techniques with their respective objectives and purposes, one example is the word (يَا مُحَمَّدُ) in hadith number 2 is included in the category of an nidaa (calling words), which in balaghah science functions to call someone who is some distance away drom the speaker, and also another function is a call of honor to someone who has a higher rank than the speaker.