bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Catalyst for the Esterification of Levulinic Acid to Ethyl Levulinate
Authors: Jamarudin Aizah , Zainol Muzakkir Mohammad , Hassan Abdull Hafidz , Ismail Siti Norazian , Asmadi Mohd , Zainuddin Kamarul Ridwan , Yusof Nurul Asyikin , Anggoro Didi Dwi
Published: January 2025

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are environmentally friendly compounds that can be synthesized through the combination of hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors. The diverse applications of DESs underscore their potential as catalysts in various chemical reactions. In this study, an acidic DES was prepared as a catalyst for levulinic acid (LA) esterification with ethanol to produce ethyl levulinate (EL). The acidic DES was prepared from choline chloride and sulfanilic acid through thermal mixing. Characterization of the DES was conducted using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis to identify its functional groups and confirm the structure. Additionally, the thermal stability of the DES was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis, while its acidity was determined using acid-base titration. The esterification of LA with ethanol was assessed under reflux conditions at 80 °C, with specific parameters examined: the molar ratio of LA to ethanol (ranging from 1:5 to 1:13), the ratio of LA to DES (ranging from 1:0.4 to 1:1.4), and the reaction duration (0.5–5 h). The DES used in this work showed an acidity of 2.89 mmol/g. The optimum conditions were obtained at a 1:7 molar ratio of LA to ethanol, a 1:1.2 ratio of LA to DES, and 3 h of reaction time at 80 °C, resulting in 99% conversion of LA to EL. This finding highlights the remarkable catalytic performance of the choline chloride/sulfanilic acid DES in facilitating a highly efficient conversion of LA to EL. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
DESAFÍOS ACADÉMICOS Y SOCIO-AFECTIVOS DE ESTUDIANTES RURALES EN LA UNIVERSIDAD
Authors: Arias-Ortega Katerin Elizabeth , Cifuentes Tamara , Toro Francisca , Huaiquipan Leticia
Published: January 2025

El artículo tiene como objetivo exponer los principales desafíos académicos y socio-afectivos que enfrentan estudiantes de sectores rurales en los primeros años de Educación Superior en La Araucanía, Chile. La metodología de investigación es cualitativa de tipo descriptivo, sustentada en un paradigma interpretativo. El instrumento de recolección de datos es la entrevista semi-dirigida. El procedimiento de análisis de los datos se sustenta en la teoría fundamentada a través de una codificación abierta y axial. Los resultados dan cuenta que los estudiantes de sectores rurales tienen mayores dificultades académicas producto de una baja cobertura curricular en la educación media, lo que incide negativamente en su proceso de formación profesional. Además, enfrentan desafíos socio-afectivos que se relacionan con sentimiento de soledad, dificultades en la adaptabilidad al contexto urbanizado y el alejamiento del medio familiar.
NOHEAD PHONE DO MEU IRMÃO NECROPOLÍTICA E TRABALHO NO VIDEO PERFORMANCE ONTHEHEADPHONESFROMMYBROTHER
Authors: Santos Evelyn da Silva , Pinheiro Isaque Santos
Published: January 2025

Em 2021, ao participar de um curso de imagem e som pela Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), vivenciei essa intersecção de maneira intensa, enquanto explorava as possibilidades criativas dentro de um ambiente estudantil. O impacto da tragédia do menino Miguel Otávio Santana da Silva, que expôs as fragilidades da segurança infantil e as condições de trabalho das empregadas domésticas, serviu como um catalisador para a minha prática artística e a reflexão crítica sobre a memória. Ao me deparar com as ideias de Achille Mbembe sobre "outrificação" e necropolítica, e ao incorporar o pensamento afrofuturista em meu trabalho, busquei não apenas representar essas realidades, mas também imaginar futuros possíveis em um contexto marcado por desigualdades
Relação entre Qualidade de Vida, Coping e Percepção da Dor em Adultos com Fibromialgia
Authors: Teixeira Samantha C. , Carvalho Liana M. , Rodrigues Jaqueline C.
Published: January 2025

This research aimed to evaluate the level of pain, quality of life (QoL), coping strategies, and the relationship between these variables in adults with fi bromyalgia (FM). A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted with 81 adults (M = 46.01; SD = 9.72), of whom 80 were women diagnosed with FM. Questionnaires on sociodemographic data, pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire – Short Form), quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument – Brief Version), impact of fi bromyalgia (Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire – Brazilian Version) and coping strategies (Brief COPE) were applied. Regarding the level of pain, the most used word was “exhausting”, then “painful”, with a high index (M = 29.2; SD = 10.2). The WHOQOL-Bref pointed out the psychological domain perceived as having better quality, and most participants evaluated their QoL as “neither bad nor good” (32.1%), with a signifi cant number reporting being very dissatisfi ed with their health (44.4%). Most participants reported severe symptoms of FM that impact their QoL, with a FIQR-BR score above 70 points (66.7%). The most used coping strategy was religion. The FM general impact was positively correlated with QoL global perception. Regarding pain intensity, the coping strategies that were negatively correlated were distraction (r = –0.363), reinterpretation (r = –0.277) and denial (r = –0.249), whereas the coping strategy most positively correlated was disinvestment (r = 0,255). Therefore, the pain intensity was negatively related to QoL and with low effi cacy coping strategies. These fi ndings highlight the need for multidisciplinary approaches that address both physical and psychological aspects of the disease.Keywords: Fibromyalgia, quality of life, coping strategies, pain perception, mental health
A Fast-Acting Pill Received Approval for Postpartum Depression—Is It a Game Changer?
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: August 2023

This Medical News article discusses zuranolone, the first pill approved for postpartum depression.
Implications of the Network Theory for the Treatment of Mental Disorders
Authors: Schumacher Lea , Klein Jan Philipp , Elsaesser Moritz , Härter Martin , Hautzinger Martin , Schramm Elisabeth , Kriston Levente
Published: August 2023

Importance

Conceptualizing mental disorders as latent entities has been challenged by the network theory of mental disorders, which states that psychological problems are constituted by a network of mutually interacting symptoms. While the implications of the network approach for planning and evaluating treatments have been intensively discussed, empirical support for the claims of the network theory regarding treatment effects is lacking.

Objective

To assess the extent to which specific hypotheses derived from the network theory regarding the (interindividual) changeability of symptom dynamics in response to treatment align with empirical data.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This secondary analysis entails data from a multisite randomized clinical trial, in which 254 patients with chronic depression reported on their depressive symptoms at every treatment session. Data collection was conducted between March 5, 2010, and October 14, 2013, and this analysis was conducted between November 1, 2021, and May 31, 2022.

Intervention

Thirty-two sessions of either disorder-specific or nonspecific psychotherapy for chronic depression.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Longitudinal associations of depressive symptoms with each other and change of these associations through treatment estimated by a time-varying longitudinal network model.

Results

In a sample of 254 participants (166 [65.4%] women; mean [SD] age, 44.9 [11.9] years), symptom interactions changed through treatment, and this change varied across treatments and individuals. The mean absolute (ie, valence-ignorant) strength of symptom interactions (logarithmic odds ratio scale) increased from 0.40 (95% CI, 0.36-0.44) to 0.60 (95% CI, 0.52-0.70) during nonspecific psychotherapy and to 0.56 (95% CI, 0.48-0.64) during disorder-specific psychotherapy. In contrast, the mean raw (ie, valence-sensitive) strength of symptom interactions decreased from 0.32 (95% CI, 0.28-0.36) to 0.26 (95% CI, 0.20-0.32) and to 0.09 (95% CI, 0.02-0.16), respectively. Changing symptom severity could be explained to a large extent by symptom interactions.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that specific treatment-related hypotheses of the network theory align well with empirical data. Conceptualizing mental disorders as symptom networks and treatments as measures that aim to change these networks is expected to give further insights into the working mechanisms of mental health treatments, leading to the improvement of current and the development of new treatments.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00970437
Addressing Global Environmental Challenges to Mental Health Using Population Neuroscience
Authors: Schumann Gunter , Andreassen Ole A. , Banaschewski Tobias , Calhoun Vince D. , Clinton Nicholas , Desrivieres Sylvane , Brandlistuen Ragnhild Eek , Feng Jianfeng , Hese Soeren , Hitchen Esther , Hoffmann Per , Jia Tianye , Jirsa Viktor , Marquand Andre F. , Nees Frauke , Nöthen Markus M. , Novarino Gaia , Polemiti Elli , Ralser Markus , Rapp Michael , Schepanski Kerstin , Schikowski Tamara , Slater Mel , Sommer Peter , Stahl Bernd Carsten , Thompson Paul M. , Twardziok Sven , van der Meer Dennis , Walter Henrik , Westlye Lars ,   environMENTAL Consortium, Heinz Andreas , Lett Tristram , Vaidya Nilakshi , Serin Emin , Neidhart Maja , Jentsch Marcel , Eils Roland , Taron Ulrike-Helene , Schütz Tatjana , Banks James Richard , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Tost Heike , Holz Nathalie , Schwarz Emanuel , Stringaris Argyris , Christmann Nina , Jansone Karina , Siehl Sebastian , Ask Helga , Fernández-Cabello Sara , Kjelkenes Rikka , Tschorn Mira , Böttger Sarah Jane , Bernas Antoine , Marr Lena , Feixas Viapiana Guillem , Eiroa-Orosa Francisco José , Gallego Jaime , Pastor Alvaro , Forstner Andreas J. , Claus Isabelle , Miller Abigail , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Boye Mona , Wilbertz Johannes , Schmitt Karen , Petkoski Spase , Pitel Séverine , Otten Lisa , Athanasiadis Anastasios-Polykarpos , Pearmund Charlie , Spanlang Bernhard , Alvarez Elena , Sanchez Mavi , Giner Arantxa , Renner Paul , Gong Yanting , Dai Yuxiang , Xia Yunman , Chang Xiao , Liu Jingyu , Young Allan , Ogoh George
Published: August 2023

Importance

Climate change, pollution, urbanization, socioeconomic inequality, and psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have caused massive changes in environmental conditions that affect brain health during the life span, both on a population level as well as on the level of the individual. How these environmental factors influence the brain, behavior, and mental illness is not well known.

Observations

A research strategy enabling population neuroscience to contribute to identify brain mechanisms underlying environment-related mental illness by leveraging innovative enrichment tools for data federation, geospatial observation, climate and pollution measures, digital health, and novel data integration techniques is described. This strategy can inform innovative treatments that target causal cognitive and molecular mechanisms of mental illness related to the environment. An example is presented of the environMENTAL Project that is leveraging federated cohort data of over 1.5 million European citizens and patients enriched with deep phenotyping data from large-scale behavioral neuroimaging cohorts to identify brain mechanisms related to environmental adversity underlying symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and substance misuse.

Conclusions and Relevance

This research will lead to the development of objective biomarkers and evidence-based interventions that will significantly improve outcomes of environment-related mental illness.
Plasma β‐synuclein, GFAP, and neurofilaments in patients with malignant gliomas undergoing surgical and adjuvant therapy
Authors: Abu‐Rumeileh Samir , Barba Lorenzo , Bache Matthias , Halbgebauer Steffen , Oeckl Patrick , Steinacker Petra , Güttler Antje , Keßler Jacqueline , Illert Jörg , Strauss Christian , Vordermark Dirk , Otto Markus
Published: August 2023

We analyzed the longitudinal concentrations and prognostic roles of plasma β‐synuclein (β‐syn), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament proteins (NfL and NfH) in 33 patients with malignant gliomas, who underwent surgical and adjuvant therapy. GFAP and NfL levels were increased in patients with glioblastoma compared to cases with other tumors. β‐syn, NfL and NfH increased after surgery, whereas GFAP decreased at long‐term follow‐up. β‐syn and neurofilament concentrations were influenced by surgery and/or radiotherapy regimens. GFAP and neurofilament levels were significantly associated with survival. Plasma neuronal and astrocytic biomarkers are differentially altered in malignant glioma types and displayed distinct trajectories after surgical and adjuvant therapy.
Design Rule Hidden from The Eye in S/N‐Bridged Ancillary Ligands for Copper(I) Complexes Applied to Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Giobbio Ginevra , Cavinato Luca M. , Fresta Elisa , Montrieul Anaïs , Umuhire Mahoro Gilbert , Lohier Jean‐François , Renaud Jean‐Luc , Linares Mathieu , Gaillard Sylvain , Costa Rubén D.
Published: August 2023

Enhancing low‐energy emitting Cu(I)‐ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) is of utmost importance towards Cu(I)‐iTMC‐based white‐emitting LECs. Here, the ancillary ligand design includes (i) extension of π‐systems and (ii) insertion of S‐bridge between heteroaromatics rings. This led to two novel heteroleptic Cu(I)‐iTMCs: 2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl‐l2‐azanyl)quinoline (CuN2) and 2‐(naphthalen‐2‐ylthio)quinoline (CuS2) as N^N and bis[(2‐diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether as P^P, exhibiting improved photoluminescence quantum yields (ϕ) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence processes compared to their reference Cu(I)‐iTMCs: di(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐l2‐azane (CuN1) and di(pyridin‐2‐yl)sulfane (CuS1). Despite CuS2 stands out with the highest ϕ (38% vs 17 / 14 / 1% for CuN1 / CuN2 / CuS1), only CuN2‐LECs show the expected enhanced performance (0.35 cd A−1 at luminance of 117 cd m−2) compared to CuN1‐LECs (0.02 cd A−1 at6 cd m−2), while CuS2‐LECs feature low performances (0.04 cd A−1 at 10 cd m−2). This suggests that conventional chemical design rules are not effective towards enhancing device performance. Herein, nonconventional multivariate statistical analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies allow to rationalize the mismatch between chemical design and device performance bringing to light a hidden design rule: polarizability of the ancillary ligand is key for an efficient Cu(I)‐iTMC‐LECs. All‐in‐all, this study provides fresh insights for the design of Cu‐iTMCs fueling research on sustainable ion‐based lighting sources.
Origin and Energy of Intra‐Gap States in Sensitive Near‐Infrared Organic Photodiodes
Authors: Ma Xiao , Ollearo Riccardo , van Gorkom Bas T. , Weijtens Christ H. L. , Fattori Marco , Meskers Stefan C. J. , van Breemen Albert J. J. M. , Janssen René A. J. , Gelinck Gerwin H.
Published: August 2023

Trap states in organic semiconductors are notoriously detrimental to the performance of organic electronics. However, the origin and energetics of trap states remain largely elusive and under debate, especially for bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) photodiodes consisting of electron donor and acceptor materials. Combining three sensitive techniques now enables locating the origin and energy of trap states in six state‐of‐the‐art polymer – non‐fullerene acceptor organic photodiodes (OPDs) with noise‐based specific detectivities exceeding 1013 Jones. Analyzing the temperature dependence of the reverse‐bias dark current density (Jd) identifies intra‐gap states in the polymers, lying 0.3−0.4 eV above the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital, as being responsible for Jd. Sub‐bandgap external quantum efficiency spectra of donor‐only and acceptor‐only diodes confirm that intra‐gap states are much more abundant in the polymers. Likewise, responsivity measurements at ultra‐low light intensities (10−7 mW cm−2) show trap‐mediated charge recombination in BHJ and polymer‐only diodes, but not in acceptor‐only devices. The results imply that to further improve the specific detectivity of near‐infrared OPDs, the intra‐gap state energy, and density need to be reduced.
In‐Plane Nanowire Growth of Topological Crystalline Insulator Pb1 − xSnxTe
Authors: Schellingerhout Sander G. , Bergamaschini Roberto , Verheijen Marcel A. , Montalenti Francesco , Miglio Leo , Bakkers Erik P.A.M.
Published: August 2023

Predicted topological crystalline insulators such as Pb1 − xSnxTe are an interesting candidate for applications in quantum technology, as they can host spin‐polarized surface states. Moreover, in the nanowire geometry, a quasi‐1D system can be realized with potential applications exploiting Majorana fermions. Herein, the selective area growth of Pb1 − xSnxTe islands and nanowires over the full range of x is demonstrated, and their in‐depth growth dynamics and faceting are analyzed. By transmission electron microscopy, the single‐crystalline and defect‐free nature of the grown material and the homogeneous, controllable Pb/Sn ratio in the nanowires is confirmed. With support of phase‐field growth simulations, it is shown that the crystal faceting mainly follows the driving force of surface energy minimization, favoring the lowest energy {200} surfaces. A kinetic enhancement of adatom incorporation on {110} facets is recognized to limit their extension with respect to {200} and {111} facets. After inspecting all possible in‐plane orientations, we identify the 〈110〉 directions as the optimal candidate for the growth of high‐quality and perfectly straight Pb1 − xSnxTe nanowires, enabling the design of complex networks due to their threefold symmetry. This work opens the way to systematic transport investigation of the carrier density in Pb1 − xSnxTe nanowires and can facilitate further optimization of the Pb1 − xSnxTe system.
Heterogeneity Governs 3D‐Cultures of Clinically Relevant Microbial Communities
Authors: Peneda Pacheco Daniela , Bertoglio Federico , Butnarasu Cosmin , Suarez Vargas Natalia , Guagliano Giuseppe , Ziccarelli Anna , Briatico‐Vangosa Francesco , Ruzzi Vincenzo , Buzzaccaro Stefano , Piazza Roberto , van Uden Sebastião , Crotti Elena , Visentin Sonja , Visai Livia , Petrini Paola
Published: August 2023

The intrinsic heterogeneity of bacterial niches should be retained in in vitro cultures to represent the complex microbial ecology. As a case study, mucin‐containing hydrogels ‐CF‐Mu3Gel ‐ are generated by diffusion‐induced gelation, bioinspired on cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus, and a microbial niche challenging current therapeutic strategies. At breathing frequency, CF‐Mu3Gel exhibits a G′ and G″ equal to 24 and 3.2 Pa, respectively. Notably, CF‐Mu3Gel exhibits structural gradients with a gradual reduction of oxygen tension across its thickness (280–194 µmol L−1). Over the culture period, a steep decline in oxygen concentration occurs just a few millimeters below the air–mucus interface in CF‐Mu3Gel, similar to those of CF airway mucus. Importantly, the distinctive features of CF‐Mu3Gel significantly influence bacterial organization and antimicrobial tolerance in mono‐ and co‐cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that standard cultures are unable to emulate. The antimicrobial susceptibility determined in CF‐Mu3Gel corroborates the mismatch on the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment between planktonically cultured bacteria and those in patients. With this example‐based research, new light is shed on the understanding of how the substrate influences microbial behavior, paving the way for improved fundamental microbiology studies and more effective drug testing and development.
Hetero‐Polyionic Hydrogels Enable Dendrites‐Free Aqueous Zn‐I2 Batteries with Fast Kinetics
Authors: Yang Jin‐Lin , Yu Zehua , Wu Jiawen , Li Jia , Chen Liangyuan , Xiao Tuo , Xiao Tao , Cai Da‐Qian , Liu Kang , Yang Peihua , Fan Hong Jin
Published: August 2023

Rechargeable aqueous Zn‐I2 batteries (ZIB) are regarded as a promising energy storage candidate. However, soluble polyiodide shuttling and rampant Zn dendrite growth hamper its commercial implementation. Herein, a hetero‐polyionic hydrogel is designed as the electrolyte for ZIBs. On the cathode side, iodophilic polycationic hydrogel (PCH) effectively alleviates the shuttle effect and facilitates the redox kinetics of iodine species. Meanwhile, polyanionic hydrogel (PAH) toward Zn metal anode uniformizes Zn2+ flux and prevents surface corrosion by electrostatic repulsion of polyiodides. Consequently, the Zn symmetric cells with PAH electrolyte demonstrate remarkable cycling stability over 3000 h at 1 mA cm–2 (1 mAh cm–2) and 800 h at 10 mA cm–2 (5 mAh cm–2). Moreover, the Zn‐I2 full cells with PAH‐PCH hetero‐polyionic hydrogel electrolyte deliver a low‐capacity decay of 0.008 ‰ per cycle during 18 000 cycles at 8 C. This work sheds light on hydrogel electrolytes design for long‐life conversion‐type aqueous batteries.
Performance Analysis of CdS‐Free, Sb2Se3/ZnSe p–n Junction Cells with Various Hole Transport Layers and Contacts
Authors: Kumari Raman , Mamta  , Chaudhary Amit Kumar , Singh Vidya Nand
Published: August 2023

Sb2Se3, a promising thin‐film photovoltaic (TFPV) absorber material known for its non‐toxic nature, abundance on Earth, and stability has the inherent limitations of low doping density of 1013 cm−3 and poor carrier mobility of 1.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, leading to a low built‐in potential and inefficient carrier collection. To address these challenges and enhance the built‐in potential and carrier collection, an effective hole‐transport layer (HTL), e.g. CdS, which contains toxic components is used. A less‐toxic alternative is explored: ZnSe as the electron‐transport layer (ETL) to mitigate this issue. In this study, the performance is evaluated of Sb2Se3/ZnSe solar cells using six different HTLs (CuSCN, MoSe2, NiO, Spiro‐OMeTAD, SnS, MoOx) through the utilization of the SCAPS‐1D modeling tool. The HTL plays a critical role in improving the effectiveness of the built‐in potential, enhancing carrier collection, and suppressing back surface recombination. The analysis involves varying the thickness and doping concentration of the absorber, buffer, and HTLs, and exploring the impact of temperature, series and shunt resistance, and the metal work function of the back contact. Among the tested devices, the one with NiO as the HTL demonstrates the highest efficiency, exhibiting a VOC (open‐circuit voltage) of 0.81 V and a PCE (power conversion efficiency) of 24.07%.
Colloidal transport phenomena in dynamic, pulsating porous materials
Authors: Nagella Sachit G. , Takatori Sho C.
Published: August 2023

We study the transport phenomena of colloidal particles embedded within a moving array of obstacles that mimics a dynamic, time‐varying porous material. While colloidal transport in an array of stationary obstacles (“passive” porous media) has been well studied, we lack the fundamental understanding of colloidal diffusion in a nonequilibrium porous environment. We combine Taylor dispersion theory, Brownian dynamics simulations, and optical tweezer experiments to study the transport of tracer colloidal particles in an oscillating lattice of obstacles. We discover that the dispersion of tracer particles is a nonmonotonic function of oscillation frequency and exhibits a maximum that exceeds the Stokes–Einstein–Sutherland diffusivity in the absence of obstacles. By solving the Smoluchowski equation using a generalized dispersion framework, we demonstrate that the enhanced transport of the tracers depends critically on both the direct interparticle interactions with the obstacles and the fluid‐mediated, hydrodynamic interactions generated by the moving obstacles.
Robust and Flexible Sliding Tactile Sensor for Surface Pattern Perception and Recognition
Authors: Zhu Zhihao , Xu Yingtian , Lin Waner , Hu Zhixian , Lin Zhuofan , Sun Zhenglong , Peng Zhengchun , Wang Ziya
Published: August 2023

Perceiving surface characteristics through tactile interaction typically requires high‐resolution devices or precise spatial scanning to record and analyze a significant amount of information. However, most available tactile sensors require complicated technological processes, redundant layouts, and data acquisition circuits, which limits their ability to provide a real‐time static perception and feedback for potential applications such as robotic manipulation. Drawing inspiration from the sliding tactile (ST) perception mode of the human fingertip, a robust and flexible ST sensor with a low array density of 2.7 cells cm−2 is reported. This innovative sensor has a soft and cambered configuration that allows it to rapidly and accurately recognize the 3D surface features of objects, including grooves as small as 500 μm. Benefiting from the strong correlation between collected electronic responding and local deformation of sensing cell, the ST sensor can adaptively reconstruct surface patterns with the assistance of deep learning, even on unstructured objects. The pattern recognition system based on the robot is demonstrated by accurately classifying a set of mahjong tiles with nearly 100% accuracy, surpassing human tactile perception capabilities in the same task.
Copper‐Catalyzed N,N‐Alkyl Formylation of Sulfonamides
Authors: Ramani Arti , Patil Rachit S. , Bhukya Hussain , Naveen Togati
Published: August 2023

Herein, we have developed a novel copper‐catalyzed intermolecular alkyl formylation reaction of arene sulfonamides. This method represents a significant advancement in the field, as it does not require the use of any exogenous acid, base, or oxidant, and the reaction can be completed within two hours. A variety of N,N‐alkyl formylated sulfonamides were synthesized in moderate to good yields. Hitherto, no reports have been found in the literature for the N‐formylation of sulfonamides, making this reaction an important breakthrough in synthetic organic chemistry.
An Optimistic ADR Look Forward: How We Can Make Commercial Arbitration Achieve Its Potential
Authors: Feerick John D.
Published: August 2023

The alternative dispute resolution field has emerged from the pandemic and now looks to the future.
Coinbase v. Bielski—More than a Case About Stays for Arbitration Appeals?
Authors: Blankley Kristen M.
Published: August 2023

The question presented in the U.S. Supreme Court's recent decision in Coinbase, Inc. v. Bielski, 599 U.S. __, 2023 WL 4138983 (2023) (available at https://bit.ly/3D4eDLw), evokes one of the most famous lines in all of punk rock: “Should I stay or should I go now?” The Clash, “Should I Stay or Should I Go?” Combat Rock (Epic 1982).
Cultivating Creativity in the Bargaining Room
Authors: Creo Robert Angelo
Published: August 2023

While attending my first post‐Covid conference on mediation in Atlanta in 2022, sponsored by the National Academy of Distinguished Neutrals, or NADN, my longtime friend and colleague, Larry Watson (a name principal in the Maitland, Fla., office of Upchurch Watson White & Max (see https://bit.ly/44QxdmI)), received a lifetime distinguished service award.
Die Zukunft (Radio‐)‐isotopenmarkierter Verbindungen in Forschung und Entwicklung der modernen Lebenswissenschaften
Authors: Derdau Volker , Elmore Charles S. , Hartung Thomas , McKillican Bruce , Mejuch Tom , Rosenbaum Claudia , Wiebe Christine
Published: August 2023

In diesem Überblick diskutieren wir die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von isotopenmarkierten Substanzen und betrachten ihre zukünftige Relevanz für die Biowissenschaften. Insbesondere wird ihre Verwendung in der Pharma‐ und Pflanzenschutz‐industrie erörtert. Ihre wichtigste Anwendung ist die Verwendung als Marker in Wirkstoffen. Ihre strukturelle Veränderung wird in der Umwelt, in vivo oder in komplexer Umgebung verfolgt. Dies dient dazu, Auswirkungen neuer Wirkstoffe zu ermitteln und die Sicherheit für die Menschheit und Umwelt zu steigern.
Synthese von C60/[10]CPP‐Catenanen durch Regioselektive Nanokapsel‐Templierte Bingel Bis‐Addition
Authors: Steudel Fabian M. , Ubasart Ernest , Leanza Luigi , Pujals Míriam , Parella Teodor , Pavan Giovanni M. , Ribas Xavi , von Delius Max
Published: August 2023

Die Addition von zwei unsymmetrischen Malonsäureestern an das Buckminster‐Fulleren C60 kann zu 22 spektroskopisch unterscheidbaren isomeren Produkten führen und stellt daher eine beachtliche synthetische Herausforderung dar. In dieser Arbeit erreichen wir eine Selektivität von 87 % für die Bildung eines einzigen (in,out‐trans‐3)‐Isomers, indem wir drei Methoden kombinieren: (i) wir verwenden ein Ausgangsmaterial, in dem die beiden Malonsäureester kovalent verbunden sind (Tether); (ii) wir bilden den starken supramolekularen Komplex von C60 mit dem formstabilen [10]CPP‐Makrozyklus (Nanohoop‐Template) und (iii) wir schlossen diesen Komplex weiter in eine selbstorganisierte Nanokapsel ein (Schattenmaske). Die Variation der Alkylkette zeigte die Limitationen der Methode auf und die Ringdynamik in den ungewöhnlichen [2]Catenanen wurde in silico mit atomistischer Auflösung untersucht. Diese Arbeit erweitert das Spektrum der mechanisch ineinandergreifenden Architekturen mit Cycloparaphenylen (CPP) erheblich.
Two‐step foaming process for fabrication of flexible polyurethane foam composites with spring‐like air‐layer structure
Authors: Lou Ching‐Wen , Chu Sheng , Liu Peiyao , Wang Xiaomeng , Lin Jia‐Horng , Li Ting‐Ting
Published: August 2023

Due to its exceptional mechanical properties, polyurethane (PU) foam has found wide application in various fields. Microcellular foaming not only reduces weight but also enhances the cushioning properties of PU. However, current foaming methods have limitations in improving performance. Therefore, this study aimed to construct spring‐like sandwich‐structured flexible PU foam composites (SFFCs). These composites were prepared using a two‐step foaming method, utilizing a precise amount of polyol and isocyanate as raw materials, at room temperature (28–35°C). In the preparation process, warp‐knitted spacer fabrics (WKSFs) with spring‐like structures were encapsulated in the middle layer, while the top and bottom layers consisted of PUF (flexible PU foam with different ring radius differences) formed through the foaming process of polyol and isocyanate. The study focused on investigating the influence of the ring radius difference (r = 1, 1.5, 2) and the two‐layer layout (staggered, diagonal, overlapping) of the WKSFs on the compression and cushioning properties. The experimental results revealed a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the PU with the incorporation of WKSFs. Particularly noteworthy was the excellent cushioning performance exhibited by the two‐layer WKSFs sample, RPUS‐1, in the dynamic impact test. RPUS‐1 absorbed 94.3% of the energy and reduced the impact value to 3921 N, which is 848 N (17.7%) lower than that of PU foam. Furthermore, even after 20 cycles of compression testing, the SFFCs retained excellent compressive properties, with the compressive stress only decreasing from 0.34 to 0.19 MPa. In conclusion, this study expands the application of PU in cushioning, demonstrating their potential in providing improved cushioning properties.
Synthesis and properties of elevated temperature hydrogels for enhanced oil recovery based on AM/AMPA/NVP copolymer and silica nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Pingde , Zhang Song , Wei Falin , Lv Jing , Xu Pan
Published: August 2023

To improve the stability of polymer gel profile control agents used in high‐temperature and high‐salinity reservoirs, the temperature‐resistant and salinity‐resistant polymer (TSP) was synthesized from acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) via free radical polymerization reaction using initiator. The TSP showed excellent salt resistance and thermal stability because of the introduction of the sulfonic acid group, hydrophobic group, and rigid group. Furthermore, a novel elevated temperature hydrogel (ETG) for profile control was prepared using TSP, a crosslinker hexamethylenetetramine‐hydroquinone (HMTA‐HQE), and silica nanoparticles as an enhancer. The formula of ETG was as follows: 0.5 wt% TSP + 0.3 wt% HMTA‐HQE + 0.2 wt% silica nanoparticles (enhancer). SEM and FTIR analyzed the micromorphology and composition of ETG. Under high temperature and salinity (110°C, 85702 mg/L), the apparent viscosity of ETG reached up to 3 × 104 mPa·s, and controllable gelation time was 10–20 h. After aging for 120 days at 110°C, the viscosity retention rate was more than 75%, indicating ETG had better thermal stability. Moreover, the plugging ratio of ETG reached up to 97.8%, while the plugging ratio of the conventional HPAM hydrogel was only 81.2%, which indicated that ETG also had good plugging performance.
The comparative anatomy of the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of four small‐sized deer
Authors: Zhang Bei , Tong Haowen
Published: August 2023

Here we provide complete 3D reconstructions of the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of four kinds of small‐sized deer (Elaphodus cephalophus, Muntiacus reevesi, Muntiacus muntjak, Hydropotes inermis) based on high‐resolution CT scanning, and select one musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) as a comparative object. The petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of E. cephalophus are illustrated for the first time, as well as the petrosal bones of M. reevesi and H. inermis. Some morphological characters of petrosal bone and bony labyrinth can be used to distinguish the above‐mentioned species. For example, M. moschiferus shows a prominent transpromontorial sulcus and a ventral basicapsular groove on the petrosal bone; there is a bifurcate cochlear aqueduct on the bony labyrinth of E. cephalophus; there is a distinct fusion between the lateral and posterior semicircular canals on the bony labyrinth of H. inermis. Meanwhile, there are some intraspecific variations on the subarcuate fossa, the tegmen tympani, the cochlear aqueduct, as well as the endolymphatic sac. Our results further confirm that the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth have enormous potential for taxonomy. This work will provide new anatomical data for the phylogenetic study of ruminants in the future, and it will be very practical to identify the isolated ruminants' petrosal bones that are frequently unearthed from paleontological or archeological sites.
Opportunities and challenges with decentralized trials in Neuroscience
Authors: Burger Hans Ulrich , Van de Casteele Tom , Rantell Khadija Rerhou , Corey‐Lisle Patricia , Sfikas Nikolaos , Abt Markus ,   the Working group on Decentralized Trials as part of the European Scientific Interest Group (ESIG) in Neuroscience
Published: August 2023

Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs), that is, studies integrating elements of telemedicine and mobile/local healthcare providers allowing for home‐based assessments, are an important concept to make studies more resilient and more patient‐centric by taking into consideration participant's views and shifting trial activities to better meet the needs of trial participants. There are however, not only advantages but also challenges associated with DCTs. An area to be addressed by appropriate statistical methodology is the integration of data resulting from a possible mix of home and clinic assessments at different visits for the same variable, especially in adjusting for sources of possible systematic differences. One source of systematic bias may be how a participant perceives their disease and treatment in their home versus in a clinical setting. In this paper, we will discuss these issues with a focus on Neuroscience when participants have the choice between home and clinic assessments to illustrate how to identify systematic biases and describe appropriate approaches to maintain clinical trial scientific rigor. We will describe the benefits and challenges of DCTs in Neuroscience and then describe the relevance of home versus clinic assessments using the estimand framework. We outline several options to enable home assessments in a study. Results of simulations will be presented to help deciding between design and analysis options in a simple scenario where there might be differences in response between clinic and home assessments.
Prevalence and spectrum of cancer predisposition germline mutations in young patients with the common late‐onset cancers
Authors: Hao Shaoyu , Zhao Ximeng , Fan Yue , Liu Zhengchuang , Zhang Xiang , Li Wei , Yuan Hongling , Zhang Jie , Zhang Yanxiang , Ma Tonghui , Tao Houquan
Published: August 2023

Background

Pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) can play a vital role in the oncogenesis process in carriers. Previous studies have recognized that PGVs contribute to early onset of tumorigenesis in certain cancer types, for example, colorectal cancer and breast cancer. However, the reported prevalence data of cancer‐associated PGVs were highly inconsistent due to nonuniform patient cohorts, sequencing methods, and prominent difficulties in pathogenicity interpretation of variants. In addition to the above difficulties, due to the rarity of cases, the prevalence of cancer PGV carriers in young cancer patients affected by late‐onset cancer types has not been comprehensively evaluated to date.

Methods

A total of 131 young cancer patients (1–29 years old at diagnosis) were enrolled in this study. The patients were affected by six common late‐onset cancer types, namely, lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, renal cancer, and head–neck cancer. Cancer PGVs were identified and analyzed. based on NGS‐based targeted sequencing followed by bioinformatic screening and strict further evaluations of variant pathogenicity.

Results

Twenty‐three cancer PGVs in 21 patients were identified, resulting in an overall PGV prevalence of 16.0% across the six included cancer types, which was approximately double the prevalence reported in a previous pancancer study. Nine of the 23 PGVs are novel, thus expanding the cancer PGV spectrum. Seven of the 23 (30.4%) PGVs are potential therapeutic targets of olaparib, with potential implications for clinical manipulation. Additionally, a small prevalence of somatic mutations of some classic cancer hallmark genes in young patients, in contrast to all‐age patients, was revealed.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the high prevalence of PGVs in young cancer patients with the common late‐onset cancers and the potentially significant clinical implications of cancer PGVs, the findings highlight the value of PGV screening in young patients across lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, renal cancer, or head–neck cancer.
The unkindest cut of all: A quantitative study of betrayal narratives
Authors: Lalot Fanny
Published: August 2023

All close relationships come with the risk of experiencing betrayal. Despite its relevance for interpersonal relationships, the literature lacks updated knowledge about the types of betrayals people are more likely to experience and their differential consequences. This paper's aim is twofold: first, to replicate and update past findings from the 1990s to 2000s regarding the typology of betrayal narratives; and second, to provide a novel test of the role of causal attributions for response to the betrayal. It presents a quantitative analysis of more than 900 betrayal narratives from British, French and Swiss respondents (students and community participants). Participants freely reported a past episode of betrayal (betrayal narrative). Results revealed that unfaithfulness from a romantic partner was the most commonly reported instance of betrayal (17%), but there were also frequent occurrences of disappointing one's hopes and expectations, lying, revealing secrets, manipulating and taking advantage, gossiping and slandering, cutting ties unexpectedly, and failing to offer assistance during time of need. Most cases involved a close friend (27%) or romantic partner (30%); while others involved family members and people in the workplace. The most common behavioural responses were to confront or cut ties with the betrayer. Forgiveness seemed possible, especially for cases that had triggered less anger. Revenge was rarely reported overall, except in cases that had triggered more anger. Finally, causal attributions (to intrinsic vs. group‐based characteristics of the betrayer, to the situation and to the victim themselves) were related to different response to the betrayal and more specifically to forgiveness. These results contribute to developing a better typology of betrayal in interpersonal relationships. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Chemical Probes for Profiling of MALT1 Protease Activity
Authors: Verhelst Steven H. L. , Prothiwa Michaela
Published: August 2023

The paracaspase MALT1 is a key regulator of the human immune response. It is implicated in a variety of human diseases. For example, deregulated protease activity drives the survival of malignant lymphomas and is involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Thus, MALT1 has attracted attention as promising drug target. Although many MALT1 inhibitors have been identified, molecular tools to study MALT1 activity, target engagement and inhibition in complex biological samples, such as living cells and patient material, are still scarce. Such tools are valuable to validate MALT1 as a drug target in vivo and to assess yet unknown biological roles of MALT1. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on the development and biological application of molecular tools to study MALT1 activity and inhibition.
Mechanoenzymatic Reactions – Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Hollenbach Rebecca , Ochsenreither Katrin
Published: August 2023

Mechanoenzymology has emerged as a recent topic in modern research and process design in the transition towards green chemistry. Due to the almost solvent‐free character of mechanoenzymatic reactions solvent usage is considerably reduced and waste can be avoided. Moreover, mechanoenzymatic reactions show highly promising space‐time yields and conversions, however, are still less investigated than their chemical counterparts. The selectivity of enzymes is an important feature for designing green processes and avoiding formation of by‐products. In this review, different mechanoenzymatic strategies are pointed out, involving the most common applied devices, i. e., shaker ball mills, planetary ball mills and twin‐screw extruders. Their compatibility with upscaling and continuous processes is discussed and reusability of enzymes in the different mechanoenzymatic processes is evaluated. In addition, learnings from mechanochemistry are presented and their potential benefits for mechanoenzymology are outlined.
Preparation of Optically Active 2,2'‐Dibromo‐6,6'‐diiodo‐1,1'‐biphenyl: A Powerful Precursor for Modular Synthesis of Functionalized Atropisomers†
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Duan Longhui , Hong Biqiong , Gu Zhenhua
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive Summary

The widespread applications of atropisomeric compounds have led to an increasing demand for their synthesis. Rather than synthesizing different functionalized atropisomers individually, an attractive alternative is to identify a key intermediate or precursor that can be readily elaborated and functionalized to realize divergent synthesis of this class of compounds. Building on our previous research on asymmetric ring‐opening of cyclic diaryliodoniums, in this work we developed a copper‐catalyzed enantioselective ring‐opening reaction of ortho,ortho’‐dibromo substituted cyclic diaryliodonium with lithium iodide. The resulting optically active product 2,2'‐dibromo‐6,6'‐diiodo‐1,1'‐biphenyl, possessing two C—Br bonds and two C—I bonds, can be selectively advanced to form different functionalities. Remarkably, the utilities of the product were highlighted by successively demonstrating C—I and C—Br metalation, followed by carboxylation, boroylation, oxygenation, allylation, phosphinylation, etc., all of which provide a new and convenient approach to synthesizing a range of functionalized axially chiral biphenyls.
UAV‐based RGB imagery and ground measurements for high‐throughput phenotyping of senescence and QTL mapping in bread wheat
Authors: Li Lei , Hassan Muhammad Adeel , Song Jie , Xie Yongdun , Rasheed Awais , Yang Shurong , Li Hongye , Liu Peng , Xia Xianchun , He Zhonghu , Xiao Yonggui
Published: August 2023

Sustainable wheat production is challenged by climate change events such as drought, salinity, and heat stress. Senescence is a gradual programmed cell death trait occurring post anthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum), with significant affecting stability of yield and quality‐related traits under climate severities. Phenotyping of complex traits is increasingly perceived as a bottleneck due to elevated labor costs and time in large field conditions. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based platforms using RGB imagery and ground phenotyping–based novel traits can facilitate the repeated nondestructive measurements of crop canopy traits cost‐effectively. Here, we described combined application of UAV‐based RGB imaging and ground measurements based novel trait to quantify canopy senescence in wheat. We reported senescence related traits with high heritability in a recombinant inbred line population derived from the cross Zhongmai 175/Lunxuan 987. Our results showed that the selection of slow senescence genotypes using UAV‐based vegetation indices (VIs) was equally effective as ground‐based traits and illustrated significant variations among the genotypes. We also identified five quantitative trait loci (QTL) for canopy senescence in both UAV and ground‐based datasets using a 50K single‐nucleotide polymorphism array. QTL for UAV‐based VIs from RGB imaging and ground measurements based traits were mapped on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 3A, and 4B. The integration of both datasets with genetic analysis identified an important slow senescence/stay‐green related locus on chromosome 4B that explained phenotypic variation up to 23.07% for both UAV and ground traits at late grain‐ filling stage. Three QTL (QTL‐caas.1B, QTL‐caas.3A, and QTL‐caas.4B2) on chromosomes 1B, 3A, and 4B were also validated for slow senescence with high chlorophyll level and cool canopy temperature in a natural population of 160 lines by developing kompetitive allele‐specific PCR markers. QTL‐caas.4B1 was validated not only for senescence but also for plant height. Our findings suggest that UAV‐based RGB imagery is advantageous for precise and rapid assessment of senescence related traits and genetic studies of senescence in wheat.
An improved harmonics suppression power amplifier circuit using integrated self‐resonant capacitor for radar application
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Zhanguo , Xu Yuehang
Published: August 2023

In order to ensure that the electromagnetic compatibility and mutual interference of multiple radar network systems meet the requirements, a 55‐W gallium nitride (GaN) high harmonics suppression (HSs) high power amplifier (HPA) microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) with an operating frequency of 5.1–6.3 GHz is designed for radar network system. An HSs method using self‐resonant capacitor integrated in the output matching network of HPA is proposed to improve the HSs characteristics. The measured results show that under the condition of 100‐μs pulse width and 10% duty cycle, the HSs are greater than 48 dBc while the output power is greater than 55 W, the power gain is 21 dB, and the power additional efficiency (PAE) is 54%, which is suitable for use in radar network system. The size of the HPA is 3.55 × 4.05 mm2.