bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fixed points of differences of meromorphic functions
Authors: Wu Zhaojun , Wu Jia
Published: December 2019

Let f be a transcendental meromorphic function of finite order and c be a nonzero complex number. Define $\Delta _{c}f=f(z+c)-f(z)$

Δ
c

f
=
f
(
z
+
c
)
−
f
(
z
)
. The authors investigate the existence on the fixed points of $\Delta _{c}f$

Δ
c

f
. The results obtained in this paper may be viewed as discrete analogues on the existing theorem on the fixed points of $f'$

f
′

. The existing theorem on the fixed points of $\Delta _{c}f$

Δ
c

f
generalizes the relevant results obtained by (Chen in Ann. Pol. Math. 109(2):153–163, 2013; Zhang and Chen in Acta Math. Sin. New Ser. 32(10):1189–1202, 2016; Cui and Yang in Acta Math. Sci. 33B(3):773–780, 2013) et al.
A fast numerical method for fractional partial differential equations
Authors: Mockary S. , Babolian E. , Vahidi A. R.
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we use operational matrices of Chebyshev polynomials to solve fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs). We approximate the second partial derivative of the solution of linear FPDEs by operational matrices of shifted Chebyshev polynomials. We apply the operational matrix of integration and fractional integration to obtain approximations of (fractional) partial derivatives of the solution and the approximation of the solution. Then we substitute the operational matrix approximations in the FPDEs to obtain a system of linear algebraic equations. Finally, solving this system, we obtain the approximate solution. Numerical experiments show an exponential rate of convergence and hence the efficiency and effectiveness of the method.
Bark beetle larval dynamics carved in the egg gallery: a study of mathematically reconstructing bark beetle tunnel maps
Authors: Li Hui , Li Tianwei
Published: December 2019

Scolytinae (bark beetle) is one of the most detrimental pests on the Chongming Island. It is desirable to understand the behaviour of the Scolytinae throughout its life cycle. Behaviour studies regarding mass attacks, mating behaviour and chemical control have been frequently reported in literature. However, little research could be found regarding the life of Scolytinae in the larval stage, especially for beetles in the field. In this paper, we analyse the tunnel map beneath the tree bark, since it is a potential source of information on the population size, egg gallery and larval development. We propose four hypotheses including synchronous larval growth (SLG), outward normal direction (OND), communication and repulsion (CR) and individual differences(ID), then employ the methods of curve fitting and differential equation modelling to mathematically reconstruct the tunnel map. Furthermore, we introduce the Frechet distance to measure the similarity of curves. Numerical simulation shows that the reconstructed tunnel map closely matches the collected sample.
The cloud application modelling and execution language
Authors: Achilleos Achilleas P. , Kritikos Kyriakos , Rossini Alessandro , Kapitsaki Georgia M. , Domaschka Jörg , Orzechowski Michal , Seybold Daniel , Griesinger Frank , Nikolov Nikolay , Romero Daniel , Papadopoulos George A.
Published: December 2019

Cloud computing offers a flexible pay-as-you-go model for provisioning application resources, which enables applications to scale on-demand based on the current workload. In many cases, though, users face the single vendor lock-in effect, missing opportunities for optimal and adaptive application deployment across multiple clouds. Several cloud modelling languages have been developed to support multi-cloud resource management, but still they lack holistic cloud management of all aspects and phases. This work defines the Cloud Application Modelling and Execution Language (CAMEL), which (i) allows users to specify the full set of design time aspects for multi-cloud applications, and (ii) supports the models@runtime paradigm that enables capturing an application’s current state facilitating its adaptive provisioning. CAMEL has been already used in many projects, domains and use cases due to its wide coverage of cloud management features. Finally, CAMEL has been positively evaluated in this work in terms of its usability and applicability in several domains (e.g., data farming, flight scheduling, financial services) based on the technology acceptance model (TAM).
Integrating policy, market, and technology for sustainability governance of agriculture-based biofuel and bioeconomic development in the US
Authors: Gan Jianbang , Stupak Inge , Smith C. T.
Published: December 2019

The scaled-up production of biofuels and bioproducts in the US is likely to cause land use expansion and intensification domestically and internationally, possibly leading to undesirable environmental and socioeconomic consequences. Although these concerns have been widely recognized, sustainability governance systems are yet to be developed. Here, we review (1) the US bioenergy policies, (2) biofuel production and market trends, (3) major sustainability concerns, and (4) existing regulations and programs for sustainability governance, including potential interactions with markets and technology. US bioenergy policy dates back to the 1970s and has evolved over time with various tax incentives plus production mandates in recent key legislation. Commercial production of cellulosic biofuels is impeded largely by technology and cost barriers. Uncertainties exist in the estimates of environmental and socioeconomic impacts due to the lack of empirical data and knowledge of complex relationships among biofuel and bioeconomic development, natural ecosystems, and socioeconomic dimensions. There are various existing sustainability governance mechanisms on which a biofuel sustainability governance system can be built on. Considering all these, we propose an adaptive system that incorporates regulations, certification, social norms, market, and technology for sustainability monitoring and governance, and is able to contribute to addressing the overall environmental concerns associated with collective land use for food, fiber, and fuel production. Building on existing programs and mechanisms and with proper monitoring of biofuel and bioproduct development, such a governing system can be developed and implemented in response to sustainability concerns that may arise as biofuel and bioproduct production increases.
A Computational Model for Prestressed Concrete Hollow-Core Slab Under Natural Fire
Authors: Pečenko R. , Hozjan T. , Planinc I. , Bratina S.
Published: December 2019

Performance-based approach, introducing a new two-phase computational model for determining the response of prestressed hollow-core concrete slab exposed to natural fire including heating and cooling phase, is presented. Firstly, the two-dimensional coupled hygro-thermo-chemical model is used to determine time dependent temperature and moisture field in the characteristic cross-section of the concrete hollow-core slab during fire. In addition, the influence of opening on the temperature distribution over prestressed hollow-core concrete slab is accounted for. Secondly, stress–strain state of prestressed concrete hollow-core slab is determined with a newly developed one-dimensional geometrical and material non-linear model, which includes a slip between concrete and tendon. Temperature dependent mechanical properties of concrete, tendon and bond stiffness are accounted for in the model. Model validation showed that the presented two-phase computational model is suitable for the analysis of prestressed hollow-core concrete slab exposed to natural fire. Furthermore, parametric studies revealed that heat exchange between the concrete section and the opening has a significant influence on the development of temperatures in the slab, particularly in the cooling phase, and consequently also on the development of slab displacements. In addition, it was identified that accounting for the slip between concrete and tendon enables the determination of the bond stress distribution and evaluation of the load bearing capacity of the contact.
Effect of platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma on peri-implant innervation in dog mandibles
Authors: Song Dandan , Huang Yan , Van Dessel Jeroen , Shujaat Sohaib , Orhan Kaan , Vangansewinkel Tim , Van den Eynde Kathleen , Lambrichts Ivo , Roskams Tania , Politis Constantinus , Jacobs Reinhilde
Published: December 2019

Background

Autologous plasma fractions, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP), contain growth factors that can enhance neural cell survival and are therefore likely to have the ability to promote nerve regeneration. The present study compared the effect of PRP and PPP application on myelinated nerve density and diameter in the peri-implant bone region. In addition, the effect of healing time on nerve regeneration was assessed.

Materials and methods

Nine beagle dogs randomly received 54 dental implants in the bilateral mandible according to a split-mouth design. Each implant was randomly assigned to one of three implant protocols: delayed implant placement with delayed loading (DIP + DL) with local application of PRP, DIP + DL with local application of PPP and DIP + DL without any plasma additive. The animals were euthanized at 1, 3, and 6 months after loading (3 dogs per time point). Block biopsies were prepared for histomorphometry in the peri-implant bone within 500 μm around the implants.

Results

Myelinated nerve fibers were identified in the trabecular bone and in the osteons near the implants surface. The nerve fibers in the PRP group (median ± IQR; 2.88 ± 1.55 μm) had a significantly (p < 0.05) greater diameter compared to the PPP (2.40 ± 0.91 μm) and control (2.11 ± 1.16 μm) group. The nerve diameter after 6 months healing (3.18 ± 1.58 μm) was significantly (p < 0.05) greater compared to 1 (2.08 ± 0.89 μm) and 3 (2.49 ± 1.22 μm) months. No significant difference was found for myelinated nerve density between groups and healing time.

Conclusions

The present study showed that the healing time significantly influenced the diameter of the myelinated nerve fibers in peri-implant bone. PRP exerted a significant effect on the diameter of the myelinated nerve fibers as compared to PPP. Large-scale animal studies and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these findings and to verify whether platelet plasma can facilitate nerve regeneration process.
Two extremely rare cases of extrapleural hematoma
Authors: Oka Soichi , Ono Kenji , Kajiyama Kenta , Yoshimatsu Katsuma
Published: December 2019

Background

Extrapleural hematoma is uncommon. However, according to the size of hematoma and/or the progression of anemia, surgical treatment to control bleeding might be necessary because a huge hematoma can cause ventilator and circulatory disturbances to press heart and lung. We present two unusual cases of huge extrapleural hematoma in an anticoagulated patient with no apparent history of trauma or otherwise traumatic episodes.

Case presentation

Case 1: A 78-year-old man presented to our emergency department with pain in his right shoulder and disturbance of consciousness. He had no apparent history of trauma. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed the presence of a huge lens-like encapsulated lesion measuring 220 × 90 mm in the right thoracic cavity. These findings all supported a diagnosis of extrapleural hematoma with hemothorax. Case 2: A 73-year-old man was brought to our hospital by ambulance after bruising his back in his house. CT of the chest revealed the presence of a huge lens-like encapsulated lesion measuring 230 × 70 mm in the left thoracic cavity. Hemorrhagic effusion was obtained by thoracocentesis, and the lesion was suspected of being a hematoma. In both two cases, we performed video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), which was minimally invasive and effective. These two patients were cured and discharged smoothly after surgery.

Conclusions

We reported two rare cases of extrapleural hematoma. This disease requires close attention when it manifests in patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy. Regarding treatment, VATS was particularly effective in these cases.
Wide-field imaging of sickle retinopathy
Authors: Linz Marguerite O. , Scott Adrienne W.
Published: December 2019

Background

Wide-field imaging is a newer retinal imaging technology, capturing up to 200 degrees of the retina in a single photograph. Individuals with sickle cell retinopathy commonly exhibit peripheral retinal ischemia. Patients with proliferative sickle cell retinopathy develop pathologic retinal neovascularization of the peripheral retina which may progress into sight-threatening sequelae of vitreous hemorrhage and/or retinal detachment. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current and future applications of wide-field retinal imaging for sickle cell retinopathy, and recommend indications for best use.

Main body

There are several advantages to wide-field imaging in the clinical management of sickle cell disease patients. Retrospective and prospective studies support the success of wide-field imaging in detecting more sickle cell induced retinal microvascular abnormalities than traditional non-wide-field imaging. Clinicians can easily capture a greater extent of the retinal periphery in a patient’s clinical baseline imaging to follow the changes at an earlier point and determine the rate of progression over time. Wide-field imaging minimizes patient and photographer burden, necessitating less photos and technical skill to capture the peripheral retina. Minimizing the number of necessary images can be especially helpful for pediatric patients with sickle cell retinopathy. Wide-field imaging has already been successful in identifying new biomarkers and risk factors for the development of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. While these advantages should be considered, clinicians need to perform a careful risk–benefit analysis before ordering this test. Although wide-field fluorescein angiography successfully detects additional pathologic abnormalities compared to traditional imaging, a recent research study suggests that peripheral changes differentially detected by wide-field imaging may not change clinical management for most sickle cell patients.

Conclusions

While wide-field imaging may not carry a clinically significant direct benefit to all patients, it shows future promise in expanding our knowledge of sickle cell retinopathy. Clinicians may monitor peripheral retinal pathology such as retinal ischemia and retinal neovascularization over progressive time points, and use sequential wide-field retinal images to monitor response to treatment. Future applications for wide-field imaging may include providing data to facilitate machine learning, and potential use in tele-ophthalmology screening for proliferative sickle retinopathy.
Retinopathy of prematurity: incidence report of outliers based on international screening guidelines
Authors: Romo-Aguas Juan Carlos , González-H.León Ana , Meraz-Gutiérrez Miroslava Paolah , Martínez-Castellanos María A.
Published: December 2019

Aim

The objective of this study is to report the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) outliers that fall outside the screening guidelines of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) in our country.

Methods

A retrospective review of 503 records of newborns evaluated in our institution between January 2011 and March 2017. We analyzed the data by subgroups based on gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) and stage, focusing on the outliers that don’t meet the criteria of the screening AAO guidelines (GA ≤ 30 weeks, BW ≤ 1500 g).

Results

Of the 503 records, 352 had some degree of ROP, 91.76% being bilateral, and 26.2% require treatment. The mean GA at delivery was 30.56 ± 2.33 weeks, and the mean BW was 1287.90 ± 338.52 g. For the current AAO/AAP ROP screening, 19.9% were outliers, of which (57%) had ROP diagnosis and (38%) required treatment.

Conclusions

ROP diagnosis in newborns of BW > 1500 g or GA > 30 weeks is not uncommon in Mexico, and it is important to take this into account to adjust the selection criteria on each population to reach all the infants at risk.
Using simulation to explore the impact of device design on the learning and performance of peripheral intravenous cannulation
Authors: Reid-McDermott Bronwyn , Browne Maryanne , Byrne Dara , O’Connor Paul , O’Dowd Emily , Walsh Chloe , Madden Caoimhe , Lydon Sinéad
Published: December 2019

Background

The design of medical devices impacts upon the performance of healthcare professionals and patient safety. However, multiple devices serving the same function are often available. The purpose of this study was to use simulation as a means of examining the impact of differences in device design on (1) learning of, or attainment of behavioral fluency in, peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC); and (2) the generalization, or transfer, of learning on one device to performance of PIVC using an untrained device.

Methods

A total of 25 final cycle medical students participated in this study which used a randomized two-group design. Participants were randomly assigned to learn PIVC using either a closed PIVC device (a single device which consists of an intravenous cannula with a pre-attached extension tube; n = 14) or an open PIVC device (a two-piece device made up of an intravenous cannula and a separate extension tube which is attached following insertion of the cannula; n = 11). Task analyses were developed for the performance of PIVC using each device. Subsequently, simulation-based fluency training was delivered to both groups using their assigned PIVC device, and continued for each participant until the fluency criterion was achieved. Following achievement of fluency, participants were asked to perform PIVC using the untrained device (i.e., the PIVC device that they had not been trained on).

Results

All participants in both groups met the fluency criterion, and no significant differences were observed in the number of trials or total training required by groups to achieve fluency. Participants in both groups improved significantly from baseline (M = 11.69) to final training trial (M = 100). However, a significant decrement in performance (M = 81.5) was observed when participants were required to perform PIVC using the untrained device.

Conclusions

Participants achieved fluency in PIVC regardless of the device used. However, significant decrements in performance were observed when participants were required to perform PIVC using a novel device. This finding supports the need for careful consideration of devices purchased and supplied in the clinical setting, and the need for training prior to the introduction of novel devices or for new staff members.
Management of barley net blotch using Trichoderma asperellum (T34), eugenol, non-traditional compounds and fungicides
Authors: Hafez Yaser , Abdelfatah Amr , El-Nashar Faten , Badr Mahmoud , Elkady Sayed
Published: December 2019

Barley plants (cv. Giza 2000) are infected by Drechslera teres which causes net blotch disease symptoms and yield losses. Plants were treated with commercial molecular products such as Trichoderma asperilium (T34), eugenol compared to non-traditional compounds (potassium silicate, nano-selenium) and fungicides (Maven, Montoro, and Decent) which selected from 12 treatments according to their important effects on infected barley plants. Bio-arc, Tilt, Rush up, Curve, and Amisto treatments were left out because of their lower efficiency of some treatments and similarity of the active ingredients of some other of them.

Disease severity (%) was significantlty decreased as a result of the selected treatments, except eugenol which showed less reduction than the control. Disease symptoms were suppressed and electrolyte leakage % was reduced significantly due to all treatments than the control treatment. As a consequence of treatments, endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2−) was significantly elevated early after the inoculation, consequently, later on catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were increased significantly than the control. Elevated levels of O2− early after inoculation could play essential role in killing or suppressing the fungus and inhibiting disease symptoms as well as stimulated enzyme activities. Interestingly, the treatments were effective so that the yield characters (1000 K.W. and grain yield/plo) were increased significantly than the control treatment. These results indicated that the biological commercial product of Trichoderma asperilium 34 and non-traditional biological compounds in this research study are so effective and could be used as an alternative to fungicides.
Toll-like receptors activation, signaling, and targeting: an overview
Authors: El-Zayat Salwa Refat , Sibaii Hiba , Mannaa Fathia A.
Published: December 2019

Background

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important family of receptors that constitute the first line of defense system against microbes. They can recognize both invading pathogens and endogenous danger molecules released from dying cells and damaged tissues and play a key role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs are widely distributed in both immune and other body cells. The expressions and locations of TLRs are regulated in response to specific molecules derived from pathogens or damaged host cells. The binding of ligands to TLR activates specific intracellular signaling cascades that initiate host defense reactions. Such binding is ligand-dependent and cell type-dependent and leads to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type 1 interferon. TLR-dependent signaling pathways are tightly increased during innate immune responses by a variety of negative regulators. Overactivation of TLRs can ultimately lead to disruption of immune homeostasis and thus increase the risk for inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders. Antagonists/inhibitors targeting the TLR signaling pathways have emerged as novel therapeutics to treat these diseases.

Aim of work

The present review summarizes the structure, characterizations, and signaling of TLRs and their regulators, as well as describes the implication of TLRs in many diseases with a brief idea about the inhibitors that target TLR signaling pathways.

Conclusion

We conclude that TLRs are the main elements of our immune system, and they should be maintained functioning to keep the integrity of innate immunity. Targeting of TLR signaling represents a new challenge for treatment of many diseases.
Ethnomedicine and ethnobotany of Maerua subcordata (Gilg) DeWolf
Authors: Hiben Mebrahtom Gebrelibanos , Louisse Jochem , de Haan Laura H.J. , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M.
Published: December 2019

Background

Wild edible plants are valuable resources for improving food and nutritional security. Besides, they may provide important health benefits since the health-promoting components of plant-based foods usually exist at higher levels in wild plants. As a result, they are being sought as under-exploited potential sources of a health-promoting diet or a possible strategy to develop novel foods. In such exploration, ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal data offer a fundamental step. The present study provides ethnomedicinal data on Maerua subcordata (Gilg) DeWolf (Capparidaceae).

Methods

The ethnomedicinal data was collected from the Kunama ethnics of northern Ethiopia via focus group discussion and oral interview. Supporting ethnobotanical data from relevant literature was also compiled and systematically reviewed.

Results

The results show that M. subcordata tuber is used by the Kunamas to manage malaria, malaria symptoms (fever, pain, gastrointestinal disorders), and seasonal cough while leaves are used for wound healing. In east Africa, its triple potential use as water purifying agent, food item, and herbal medicine was specified. As a herbal medicine, the tuber is used to manage a wide range of disorders including pain, infections, wounds, diabetes, blood pressure, and loss of appetite. Its use as laxative and abortifacient was also indicated. Leaves are used to treat wounds and ophthalmic and respiratory problems. As a food item, fruits are eaten during times of both food scarcity and food abundance while the tuber is used as a famine food.

Conclusion

In East Africa, M. subcordata represents a wild food and medicinal plant, which may be developed into a functional food.
Influence of workshop attendance on management of pediatric fecal incontinence in Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Taiwo Akeem
Published: December 2019

Background

The care of children with fecal incontinence is suboptimal with inadequate support and training opportunities. The postgraduate training of pediatric surgeons on the management of fecal incontinence is inadequate since each training center is not likely to see enough number of cases yearly. Supplemental training through workshops on fecal incontinence may help to bridge the gap. The aim of this cross sectional study was to evaluate the impact of previous attendance of a workshop on fecal incontinence management practices among pediatric surgeons.

Results

A total of 41 respondents participated. Eleven (26.8%) respondents had attended a workshop in the past and seven (17.1%) had done a Malone antegrade continent enema (MACE) on patients. A higher proportion of respondents who had practiced for over 15 years had attended a workshop on fecal incontinence compared to those who had not attended one (90.9% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.001). The proportion of respondents who had attended a workshop on fecal incontinence and had performed a MACE (18.2%) was higher than the proportion of those who had not attended a workshop and had performed a similar procedure on patients (3.3%), p = 0.047.

Conclusions

One quarter of pediatric surgeons in the country surveyed had attended a workshop on fecal incontinence. Prior attendance of a workshop on fecal incontinence is significantly related to experience and significantly influenced the performance of a MACE procedure. Supplementation of the training of pediatric surgeons through workshops on fecal incontinence will help to improve capacity in pediatric colorectal surgical care.
ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Endorsements and Adaptations
Authors: Shah Manish A. , Oliver Thomas K. , Peterson Douglas E. , Einhaus Kaitlin , Schneider Bryan J. , Denduluri Neelima , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana
Published: December 2019

ASCO engages in the endorsement and adaptation of clinical practice guidelines to recognize the high-quality work of other guideline-developing organizations, to avoid duplication of effort, and to offer harmonized recommendations across guideline development groups. ASCO develops guidelines in accordance with the principles of the National Academy of Medicine and Council of Medical Specialty Societies. Guidelines developed in a similar manner by other organizations make endorsement by ASCO more likely. If allowed by the partnering organization, ASCO may consider an adaptation of a guideline, building on the original guideline with further inquiry or modifications. Organizations seeking ASCO endorsement consideration are provided with ASCO’s endorsement and adaptation procedures at the time of endorsement submission They can request either Endorsement or Endorsement or Adaptation. ASCO endorsement entails a formal review by an independent ASCO Expert Panel, and, if modifications to the recommendations are made, depending upon the original endorsement request, guidelines will be adapted or discontinued, rather than endorsed. The process begins with approval from ASCO’s Clinical Practice Guideline Committee (CPGC) leadership to proceed with endorsement development. An ASCO Expert Panel of approximately 10 multidisciplinary content experts, patient representatives, community oncologists, and relevant health providers is formed to develop an ASCO endorsement. ASCO’s Conflict of Interest Policy Implementation for Clinical Practice Guidelines and procedures apply to all ASCO expert panels. The CPGC reviews and approves all ASCO guideline products on behalf of ASCO. The endorsement process described in this report is designed to preserve a high-quality and resource-efficient approach for potential ASCO endorsement or adaptation of guidelines developed by other health professional organizations, while maintaining the objectivity, quality, and high standards reflective of ASCO’s guiding principles.
Calcitriol Elevation Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Refractory Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in Solid Tumors
Authors: Chukir Tariq , Liu Yi , Hoffman Katherine , Bilezikian John P , Farooki Azeez
Published: December 2019

Background

Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) is a common complication of advanced cancer. PTH-independent HCM may be mediated through different mechanisms: (1) humoral HCM, caused by the secretion of PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), (2) local osteolysis resulting from metastatic lesions, and (3) calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia. Calcitriol-mediated HCM in patients with nonlymphomatous solid tumors is thought to be rare.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review from 2008 to 2017 to characterize further patients at our institution with solid tumors who had HCM with concomitant elevations in calcitriol. Patients with PTH-dependent hypercalcemia and patients with evidence of granulomatous disease were excluded, as were patients with hematologic malignancies. We hypothesized that patients with HCM and elevated calcitriol levels would respond less favorably to treatment with antiresorptive therapy compared with patients with HCM but without calcitriol elevation. We also aimed to assess mortality and determine if PTHrP and phosphorus levels correlate with calcitriol because both factors may alter calcitriol levels.

Results

Of 101 eligible patients, calcitriol was elevated in 45 (45%). PTHrP was elevated in 76% of patients with elevated calcitriol compared with 52% of patients without calcitriol elevation. The mean PTHrP value did not differ between patients with HCM and elevated calcitriol (36.3 ± 22 pg/mL) and those without calcitriol elevation (37.4 ± 19 pg/mL). Those with elevated calcitriol levels generally did not respond completely to antiresorptive treatment (80% incomplete response rate), whereas most patients without an elevation in calcitriol responded well to antiresorptive treatment (78% response rate: P < .001). There was no significant difference in the percentage of patients with metastatic bone disease among the 2 groups (49% vs. 55%, respectively). There was no difference in mortality between the 2 groups (P = .14). A weak but significant negative correlation was found between phosphorus and calcitriol (Pearson r = -0.261, P = .016). This correlation was only significant in patients without calcitriol elevation (Pearson r = -0.4, P = .0082). Also, a significant negative correlation was found between PTHrP and phosphorus, again only in patients without calcitriol elevation.

Discussion

In the setting of HCM, patients with calcitriol elevation are much less likely to respond to antiresorptive therapy than patients without calcitriol elevation. Because calcitriol elevation did not appear to be correlated with hypophosphatemia or elevated PTHrP, it would appear that calcitriol production under these conditions is autonomous, and not subject to normal physiological controls. These observations indicate that calcitriol elevations in patients with HCM have clinical significance.
AP180 promotes release site clearance and clathrin-dependent vesicle reformation in mouse cochlear inner hair cells
Authors: Kroll Jana , Özçete Özge Demet , Jung Sangyong , Maritzen Tanja , Milosevic Ira , Wichmann Carolin , Moser Tobias
Published: December 2019

High-throughput neurotransmission at ribbon synapses of cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) requires tight coupling of neurotransmitter release and balanced recycling of synaptic vesicles (SVs) as well as rapid restoration of release sites. Here, we examined the role of the adaptor protein AP180 (also known as SNAP91) for IHC synaptic transmission by comparing AP180-knockout (KO) and wild-type mice using high-pressure freezing and electron tomography, confocal microscopy, patch-clamp membrane capacitance measurements and systems physiology. AP180 was found predominantly at the synaptic pole of IHCs. AP180-deficient IHCs had severely reduced SV numbers, slowed endocytic membrane retrieval and accumulated endocytic intermediates near ribbon synapses, indicating that AP180 is required for clathrin-dependent endocytosis and SV reformation in IHCs. Moreover, AP180 deletion led to a high prevalence of SVs in a multi-tethered or docked state after stimulation, a reduced rate of SV replenishment and a hearing impairment. We conclude that, in addition to its role in clathrin recruitment, AP180 contributes to release site clearance in IHCs.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Assessment of factors influencing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with removable dental prosthesis
Authors: Deeb Modhi Al , Abduljabbar Tariq , Vohra Fahim , Zafar Muhammad S , Hussain Mudassir A.
Published: December 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate factors affecting oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients using removable dental prosthesis.

Methods: The present study employed a cross sectional analytical design. A total of 200 patients participated and interviewed using a cross sectional analytical design. In the first section of the questionnaire patients were asked about demographic data whereas the second part of the questionnaire assessed medical history, oral habits, smoking status, oral hygiene habits and frequency of dental visit. The questionnaire also collected information regarding patient’s removable prosthesis. Questionnaire of OHIP-DENT (Oral Health Impact Profile) was also employed to measure oral health quality of life (OHRQoL) on the domains of functional limitation (FL), physical pain (P1), psychological discomfort (P2), physical disability (D1), psychological disability (D2), social disability (D3) and handicap (H). Relationships between the demographic, socio-economic and education variables and others OHIP-EDENT scores were explored by comparing mean scores by applying ANOVA

Results: The study participants comprised of 107 males (53.5%) and 93 females (46.5%). Regarding oral care, participants reporting to visit their dentist within one year were 40.0%. The highest score was recorded for the functional limitation (FL) domain (15.62±6.6), followed by social disability (D3) (15.23±5.06) and physical pain (P1) (14.28±4.8). The respective scores for physical (D1) and psychological disability (D2) and handicap (H) were 10.47±4.84, 11.32±5.38 and 12.45±4.50 respectively.

Conclusions: Removable partial denture patients showed minimum problems with mastication, social compromise and functional discomfort. The oral health quality of life of removable denture patients is significantly influenced by patient education level, socio-economic status, medical conditions, smoking and tobacco use habits.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1257

How to cite this:Al-Deeb M, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F, Zafar MS, Hussain M. Assessment of factors influencing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with removable dental prosthesis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):213-218. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1257

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pain perception of orthodontic treatment – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jawaid Mazia , Ahsan Qadeer Tabassum , Fahim Muhammad Faisal
Published: December 2019

Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the intensity of pain perceived 24 hours following insertion of fixed orthodontic appliance components i-e separators, bands and brackets.

Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted at a Dental College in Karachi (July 2017-March 2018) investigated the amount of pain perceived during different stages of fixed orthodontic treatment. The inclusion criteria were healthy individuals without systemic disease, age 13-26 years, fixed orthodontic treatment candidates having healthy permanent first molars. The exclusion criteria were missing permanent first molars, patients requiring brass wire separators instead of elastomeric separators and molar tubes instead of bands, ongoing or previous periodontal disease and syndromic patients. Pain intensity was assessed in ninety eight patients using a Numeric Rating scale (NRS) at baseline (T0) before insertion, and 24 hours after insertion (T1) of a component. This procedure was repeated six times, twice each for separators, bands and brackets. Scoring was done on the NRS from 0 to 10 where 0 indicated no pain and 10 indicated worst pain possible.

Results: A significant difference in perceived pain was found between baseline and after 24 hours of placement of all components (P-value 0.000). Odds ratio indicated that males were at a greater risk to feel pain than females at baseline and after 24 hours of insertion of all components. Mann-Whitney U test showed that the most painful components at baseline were bands (Mean value=0.56) and after 24 hours were brackets (Mean value 6.25).

Conclusions: Significant increase in pain was noted 24 hours after insertion of separators, bands and brackets. The most painful components were bands at baseline and brackets after 24 hours of insertion. There were no significant variations in pain perception based on age. However, males perceived higher pain than females both at baseline and after 24 hours.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.619

How to cite this:Jawaid M, Qadeer TA, Fahim MF. Pain perception of orthodontic treatment – A cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):160-165. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.619

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of neck length, relative neck length and height with incidence of cervical spondylosis
Authors: Ahmed Syeda Bushra , Qamar Aisha , Imran Muhammad , Fahim Muhammad Faisal
Published: December 2019

Objective: To compare the neck length, relative neck length and height between patients with cervical spondylosis and healthy subjects.

Methods: This case control study was conducted at Patel hospital, Karachi after the ethical approval of Bahria University Medical and Dental College (BUMDC) and Patel hospital from September 2018 - February 2019. It enrolled eighty eight cases of cervical spondylosis and eighty eight healthy subjects. Radiographs were taken in the lateral view and neck length was measured as the distance from external occipital protuberance to seventh cervical vertebra spinous process. Then relative neck length was measured by dividing the neck length with height and multiplying it by 100. The Kellgren Lawrence grade scale was used to assess the severity of cervical spondylosis.

Results: A total of 176 participants were analyzed. It was found that the height remains the significant determinant. The comparison of cases with control group was done using independent T-test which showed that the cases were significantly shorter than controls with a p-value < 0.05. The other variables such as neck length, and relative neck length were insignificant.

Conclusion: Short height can be considered as a risk factor for cervical spondylosis. Short-statured individuals should be counseled to adopt measures for the prevention of cervical spondylosis.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.832

How to cite this:Ahmed SB, Qamar A, Imram M, Fahim MF. Comparison of neck length, relative neck length and height with incidence of cervical spondylosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):219-223. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.832

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The second generation of The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC-G2): a cohort profile
Authors: Lawlor Deborah A. , Lewcock Melanie , Rena-Jones Louise , Rollings Claire , Yip Vikki , Smith Daniel , Pearson Rebecca M. , Johnson Laura , Millard Louise A. C. , Patel Nashita , Skinner Andy , Tilling Kate ,   ALSPAC Executive
Published: December 2019

Background: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children-Generation 2 (ALSPAC-G2) was set up to provide a unique multi-generational cohort. It builds on the existing ALSPAC resource, which recruited 14,541 pregnancies to women resident in the South West of England who were expected to deliver between 01/04/1991 and 31/12/1992. Those women and their partners (Generation 0; ALSPAC-G0) and their offspring (ALSPAC-G1) have been followed for the last 27 years. This profile describes recruitment and data collection on the next generation (ALSPAC-G2)—the grandchildren of ALSPAC-G0 and children of ALSPAC-G1.

Recruitment: Recruitment began on the 6 th of June 2012 and we present details of recruitment and participants up to 30 th June 2018 (~6 years). We knew at the start of recruitment that some ALSPAC-G1 participants had already become parents and ALSPAC-G2 is an open cohort; we recruit at any age. We hope to continue recruiting until all ALSPAC-G1 participants have completed their families. Up to 30 th June 2018 we recruited 810 ALSPAC-G2 participants from 548 families. Of these 810, 389 (48%) were recruited during their mother’s pregnancy, 287 (35%) before age 3 years, 104 (13%) between 3-6 years and 30 (4%) after 6 years. Over 70% of those invited to early pregnancy, late pregnancy, second week of life, 6-, 12- and 24-month assessments (whether for their recruitment, or a follow-up, visit) have attended, with attendance being over 60% for subsequent visits up to 7 years (too few are eligible for the 9- and 11-year assessments to analyse).

Data collection: We collect a wide-range of socioeconomic, lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric and biological data on all family members repeatedly. Biological samples include blood (including cord-blood), urine, meconium and faeces, and placental tissue. In subgroups detailed data collection, such as continuous glucose monitoring and videos of parent-child interactions, are being collected.
Mass Communications Strategy and Practice of the Research Institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Yudina I. , Kosyakov D. , Bazyleva E.
Published: December 2019

Popularization of scientific knowledge influences the public perception of science. The popularization activities of scientific institutes are organized with the participation of the press services in accordance with the organization media strategy. The interaction of press services with the media contributes to the promotion of the scientific organizations brands and personal brands of scientists, increases the social significance and relevance of research areas, promote the results of scientific research. Currently, there is an increase in publication activity in the popular science field. A study was based on the media activities data of the institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was conducted the interdependence of the number of media publications on the availability of press structures in scientific institutions. Analysis of the communication activities of scientific organizations allowed to identify three options for interaction strategies with the media of the institutes of the SB RAS.
Some Check-List Need to Assess the Communication Skills of Future Doctors?
Authors: Vasil'eva E. , Tomilova M. , Yur'eva S.
Published: December 2019

The article actualizes the problem of new methodological approaches to assessing the communication skills of future doctors at the present stage of development of medical education. The aim of the study was to test and analyze the checklist to assess the communication skills of medical graduates in the conditions of the all-Russian pilot project. The results of selfevaluation and expert evaluation of communication skills on the basis of the check-list, obtained during the pilot station “Collection of complaints and anamnesis at the primary out-patient doctor’s appointment” in simulated conditions are presented. It is shown that a broad scientific and practical discussion is required to discuss the main tool for measuring the communication skills of future doctors, namely, the checklist, with its subsequent revision, which consists in clarifying the criteria for assessing communication skills, in determining the optimal scale of measurement, in expanding the subjects of evaluation, including the opinion of a standardized patient.
Implementing Blended Learning Technologies in the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tret'yakova G. , Revyakina A. , Mustafina D.
Published: December 2019

In this article, the authors describe the essence of implementing some models of blended learning technologies of some models of teaching foreign languages at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, their role and importance in the preparation of students for continuing education throughout their professional careers. The review of the existing methods of teaching foreign languages as a historical background and the vital need for the emergence and formation of blended learning, including foreign languages is given. Based on the analysis of these facts, the authors come to the conclusion that a complex approach to the choice of pedagogical technologies, a combination of different teaching methods, educational models and styles are necessary.
Estimating and Optimizing the Impact of Inventory on Consumer Choices in a Fashion Retail Setting
Authors: Boada-Collado Pol , Martínez-de-Albéniz Victor
Published: December 2019

Problem definition: In fashion retailing, the display of product inventory at the store is important to capture consumers’ attention. Higher inventory levels might allow more attractive displays and thus, increase sales in addition to avoiding stockouts. Academic/practical relevance: By knowing how inventory levels affect consumer choices, retailers can adjust their inventory levels so as to maximize sales or profits. Methodology: We develop a choice model where product demand is indeed affected by inventory and controls for product and store heterogeneity, seasonality, promotions, and potential unobservable shocks in each market. We empirically test the model with daily traffic, inventory, and sales data from a large retailer at the store-day-product level. Results: We find that the impact of inventory level on sales is positive and highly significant, even in situations of extremely high service level. The magnitude of this effect is large: each 1% increase in product-level inventory at the store increases sales by 0.62% on average. This supports the idea that inventory has a strong role in helping customers choose a particular product within the assortment. Managerial implications: We describe how a retailer should optimally decide its inventory levels within a category and describe the properties of the optimal solution. Applying such optimization to our data set yields consistent and significant revenue improvements compared with policies that ignore the impact of inventory on sales.