bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Тhe entertainment industry as a component of the recreational activities of the resort: the problem of the safety of the consumption of its services
Authors: Suvorova Nataliia , Tabak Larisa Vladimirovna
Published: October 2022

For effective work and a high level of efficiency, a person must not only have the appropriate professional knowledge, skills and abilities, but also observe the work and rest regime, otherwise not only labor efficiency indicators deteriorate, but also prerequisites for temporary or even irreversible deterioration of health are created. The topic of rehabilitation of people has been relevant throughout the history of mankind, in modern conditions, the significance of this problem increases many times due to the acceleration of the pace of scientific and technological progress and the complexity of the labor process in terms of the growth of psycho-emotional tension of a person. However, in the modern conditions of transformation of Russian society, the possibility of obtaining a resort recreation service that is safe from the point of view of technical quality becomes problematic. The purpose of the study is to identify the main characteristics of attractions as components of recreation at the resort and identify the main ways to improve its safety. The subject of the study is the safety of attractions. Induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, observation and comparison methods were used as research methods. The main conclusions of the study were the definition of a priority direction for improving the system of regulatory regulation of attractions – the formation of a safe recreation environment in domestic resorts and the entertainment sector as a whole. This will make it possible to form a high-quality service and minimize to an acceptable level dangerous and harmful factors in this segment of the entertainment sector. The novelty of the research lies in the formation of the main directions for improving the safety of amusement services, in particular, the introduction of voluntary certification with the maintenance of a Federal register of employees whose level of professional knowledge will act as a guarantee of safety, as well as the further development of the system of technical regulation at the federal, regional and local levels with the integration of all participants into a single community.
Psychological security of the individual in the social processes of career growth
Authors: Katanskij Sergey Anatol'evich , Kolobaev Sergey Andreevich
Published: October 2022

The problem of ensuring psychological health in the process of building a career and professional growth is a significant task of scientific and practical work. Automation of business processes dictates the restructuring of not only the structure and data flows, but also imposes increased requirements on the security and stability of the employee's working condition. A person as a member of a team or an independent unit in different periods of the life cycle may experience adverse effects of sociodynamics. A feature of scientific analysis is the consideration of the problem within the framework of career growth, that is, dynamically deploying the labor process in an organization with a lot of incoming and outgoing data. The concept of "restraining mechanisms" is proposed as a way to protect the individual from the destructive phenomena of modern business on the psychological health of a person. Deterrent mechanisms are socio–psychological states, properties and processes of ensuring psychological, social, financial, mental and other security. These include the transition from one social class to another or reaching a new socio-professional and material-economic level as a result of changing jobs, the accumulation of a "critical mass" of experience that allows you to make transitions to new places of work, the acquisition of new experience of social interaction, a new level of opportunities in overcoming geographical distances, the ability to form a balance in terms of time and effort for work activities and personal time, reflection on oneself and the ongoing social processes, finding new contacts with the old former circle of communication, finding a new picture of the world, etc. Thus, the aspects of psychological security of the individual in the processes of career development are shown and the directions of its formation are proposed.
Training of prison staff in the materials of the Penitentiary Commission of the St. Petersburg Law Society (for the ivth International Prison Congress of 1890)
Authors: Voloshin Denis Vladimirovich , Stepanova Dar'ya Yur'evna
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the historical and pedagogical aspects of the activities of the penitentiary Commission of the St. Petersburg Law Society, aimed at ensuring the staffing of prison staff during the period under review, and designed in the form of preparatory work for the ivth International Prison Congress, held in the Russian capital in 1890.The methodological basis of the study was made up of a set of conceptual provisions of pedagogical and historical sciences, as well as general scientific methods of cognition - objectivity, scientific and historicism, a systematic approach, logical analysis and synthesis based on the variability of the historical and pedagogical process. This approach is based on the mutual integration of the subject fields of the three sciences – pedagogy, history and jurisprudence.   Scientific novelty is considered by us based on the priority of introducing into scientific circulation previously unexplored factual material of the primary source. The presented work is one of the first attempts to reveal the historical and pedagogical heritage of the St. Petersburg Law Society (its penitentiary Commission) in preparation for the ivth International Prison Congress held in St. Petersburg in 1890, to determine the role of this commission in the theoretical justification of the need to train prison staff in Russia.The appeal to the activities of the penitentiary commission of the St. Petersburg Law Society, which were not previously studied by teachers–researchers in 1890, allows us to actualize the issues of the past, to see from new sides the activities of famous Russian scientists (for example, the chairman of the penitentiary commission - I. Ya. Foynitsky), to help understand the most important initial stage in the theoretical justification of the need for training prison staff in Russia.
Dropout in Russian Higher Education and Ways to Reduce it
Authors: Vinokurova Olga Semenovna
Published: October 2022

The subject of the study is the dropout rate in higher education. The number of students who were enrolled and did not graduate from educational institutions is analysed with the goal to increase the number of graduates when number of educational institutions and students is not subject to change. An empirical method is used: documents and expert opinions are studied. Method of obtaining information: open statistical databases and relevant analytical studies. The methodology of the OECD in compiling statistical databases and the levels of education in Russia are considered. The differences between «tertiary» and «higher education» are highlighted. The position of Russia in terms of the level of literacy of the population among the OECD countries is considered: a modest indicator of the level of «higher education» of the population of Russia is noted amid a high indicator of «tertiary education». The importance of reducing the dropout rate in the context of a direct correlation between the level of «higher education» and the development of a country and society is emphasized. Main reasons for dropping out of educational institutions are considered. The novelty lies in providing the definition of the dropout rate in higher education and its target indicators. The importance of using the term «dropout» in official sources and tightening the criteria indicators used for the purpose of accreditation monitoring is substantiated. The result of the study is the proposals intended to achieve the above designated goal: to provide detailed and additional information to the applicants, to increase the flexibility of curricula and educational programs, to design and aware the target audience of the affordable educational loans etc. In conclusion the importance of further research into the dropout rate to increase the level of higher education is stated.
Prevention and disclosure of thefts and thefts of vehicles: current problems and ways to solve them.
Authors: Khamidullin Ruslan Sibagatullovich , Ayukin Timur Karimovich
Published: October 2022

The article deals with problematic issues of prevention and disclosure of thefts and thefts of vehicles, current problematic issues, as well as prospects for their solution. The operational situation in the territory of the city of Yekaterinburg, including in the service area of the police department No. 7 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Yekaterinburg related to the commission of theft and theft of vehicles in the period from 2019 to 2020, is analyzed. The object of the study is social relations arising from the commission of illegal actions, such as theft or theft of vehicles. As the subject of the study, various methods of committing such crimes and their disclosure, as well as measures to prevent such crimes in modern conditions are considered.      As a result of the study, ten main problems in the field of prevention and disclosure of thefts and thefts of motor vehicles on the territory of the Russian Federation are identified. In addition, ways to solve these problems are proposed. The novelty of the study is the analysis of the current state of crime in the field of theft and theft of vehicles, which is being improved with the development of new technologies. The criminalistic characteristics of these crimes are also given, indicating the models and brands of cars most often subjected to theft and theft. Thus, it has been established that the most stolen vehicles are cars of domestic production of the VAZ brand, among foreign-made vehicles are middle-class cars, worth up to 900,000 rubles.
From Skepticism to Superstitious Fear: an Analysis of the Novel by M. R. James "You whistle, I won't keep you waiting."
Authors: Nikiforova Alina Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2022

The article analyzes the poetical features of creating an alarming atmosphere and depicting the terrible in the novel by the famous British author of ghost stories M. R. James "You whistle ...". The purpose of the work: to trace the mixing of traditional Gothic and special author's methods. Special attention is paid to symbolism and the so-called "children's" mythology. The transformation of the main character's views from scientific skepticism to superstitious fear of the infernal, through overcoming the boundaries of his consciousness, is traced. The features of chronotope, spatiopoetics and sonosphere are investigated. The special functioning of the found artifact – the whistle – as a guide to a parallel oneiric space is noted. The concept of vision and blindness as the most important components of cognition of the world is actualized. Attention is paid to M. R. James' invariable "punishment" of the hero for excessive curiosity. Noteworthy is the motive of the "call", stated in the title of the novel, which is a reinterpreted quote from Robert Burns' verse "Song". The methodological base involves the synthesis of both philological and philosophical, as well as culturological approaches. An important result is the conclusion about the mixing of the traditional Gothic landscape orchestration of events and modern location, as well as the use of folk superstitions as a key to understanding transcendental phenomena. The aspects of scientific novelty include the use by the author of the article of modern psychological and philosophical concepts for a deeper and more detailed analysis. In particular, the works of Heidegger, Trigg, Harman and others are studied. Through this, "fear" - as the main element of Gothic novels, is explored comprehensively. Resorting to such an analysis, it becomes possible to give an answer to the question about the continuing popularity of the genre of "ghost stories". The paradoxical position of the author of the novel M. R. James is noted, who, being a man of science, demonstrates how strong the influence of irrational forces and subconscious fears on a rational person can be. This explains the choice of the title of the article.
The Development of Still-life Painting in China in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century Under the Influence of Russian-Soviet and Western Art
Authors: Meng Hao
Published: October 2022

Still life as an independent painting genre in Chinese fine art was formed in the second half of the XX century under the strong influence, first of all, of Western European and Russian, and then American art. This relatively short period of time includes several periods at once, in which one or another influence dominated. However, it was the integration of the ideas and principles of foreign art schools that allowed Chinese masters to develop those features of the artistic and figurative language that determined the features of the genre of still life in the space of modern art. The object of the article is the process of development of Chinese still life in the second half of the twentieth century, the subject is a set of expressive and artistic means used by Chinese artists to create a still life under the influence of foreign artistic trends. This article aims to determine the place and features of the genre of still life in the works of Chinese painters of the second half of the XX century, as well as to characterize the conformity of this genre to the trends of Russian and Soviet, as well as European art. The study concluded that this genre received rapid development in the second half of the XX century, which occurred under continuous foreign artistic influence. The occupation of a strong position in the space of Chinese art by still life and the formation of its original character with national specifics occurred at the end of the twentieth century.
The Idea of Male Beauty in Russian and Chinese Cultures
Authors: Golovanivskaya Mariya Konstantinovna , Efimenko Nikolai Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a contrastive study of the ideas of male beauty among Russians and Chinese. These ideas are studied culturologically, through the restoration of the relevant fragments of national pictures of the world. For this purpose, both linguistic and comparative-historical methods are used. Russian concepts of beauty are analyzed in the corresponding concepts in the Russian language, etymology and modern meanings, Russian epics, the reign of Peter the Great, the XVIII - XIX centuries, the period of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the Stalinist period and the period of late socialism, modern ideas. To analyze the Chinese view of the subject under study, the corresponding hieroglyphs, lexical combinations, idioms, philosophical and aesthetic sources, and modern realities are analyzed. Such a multidimensional consideration of beauty in the Russian and Chinese pictures of the world caused the novelty of the study. Comparisons of Russian and Chinese are the main conclusion of the work: ideas about beauty are not just different, they are opposite. It is important to note that the image of the hero in Russian culture is a symbol of male beauty, and in Chinese, on the contrary, it is a symbol of a rude and unaesthetic person. The main oppositions are male/female, West/The East, rational/emotional — are characteristic of the Russian picture of the world, but they are not completely manifested in the Chinese ideas about beauty. The Chinese do not oppose, but combine what looks like an opposition in our culture.
Variational approach in modeling the rural historical settlement: a model of a two-level hierarchy of centers
Authors: Shpirko Sergey
Published: October 2022

The subject of this study is the modeling of the spatial distribution of the medieval population. To take into account the conditions of heterogeneity of the territory in modeling, the author develops a variational approach proposed by S.M. Huseyn-Zadeh. The model is based on the idea of settlement, placement of the population on the territory as a process in which each of its participants is guided in their activities by achieving goals dictated by natural considerations, for example, maximum accessibility to their cultivated area, maximum proximity to the central settlement (center). Using the methods of calculus of variations and the concept of Pareto optimality within this approach makes it possible to identify and numerically describe the relationships between the optimal parameters of the system. In the previous paper, the author proposed a model of a one-level hierarchy of the placement of centers (central settlements). Additional analysis of historical material leads to the need to refine the model, namely, adding a hierarchy of centers to it. In this regard, this paper proposes a model of spatial placement with a two-level hierarchy of centers. The approbation of the proposed model is carried out on the material of the scribal books of the Shelonskaya Pyatina of the Novgorod land of the end of the XV century. The high degree of conformity of the obtained theoretical and empirical data allows us to consider mathematical modeling as an adequate and convenient auxiliary tool in studying the nature and dynamics of historical rural settlement systems. The possibilities of the proposed modeling also in terms of filling data gaps are demonstrated by the example of the task of reconstructing the approximate population of the Shelonskaya Pyatina of the considered time period.
Stability of landslide slopes based on physical and mechanical properties of rocks and soils and inclinometer measurements
Authors:   Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Kos Jarosław
Published: October 2022

The subject of the research was to analyse the stability of slopes with varied geological structure covered by landslide processes. Such analyses are usually carried out for landslides where structural protection and construction works are planned. An important element is proper documentation of geological and engineering soil and rock parameters, which should form the basis for stability calculations. The GEO-5 software was used for the calculations – the slope and scarp stability module. The aim of the article is to promote the methodology of documenting geological and engineering conditions in landslide areas. The general characteristics of selected research areas where inclinometer columns were installed and the methods of landslide tests were described. They were applied in accordance with the scheme: field works, laboratory tests, inclinometer measurements, and slope stability calculations for selected calculation sections. Landslides, which were analysed, are located within the Outer Flysch Carpathians, classified as tectonic units: Magura, Silesia, Podlasie, Grybów, as well as the Miechów Basin and the Carpathian Foredeep. Both surface and subsurface parts of each of the selected landslides were studied. The studies allowed the creation of a landslide model based on geological research. As a result of detailed analysis of drill cores and identified shear planes in the form of clear slickenside, the main slip planes were determined. In each landslide area, inclinometer
On recurrence results from matrix transforms
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kafkas University, Deveci Ömür , Shannon Anthony G. ,   Warrane College, The University of New South Wales
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the Laplace transform and various matrix operations are applied to the characteristic polynomial of the Fibonacci numbers. From this is generated some properties of the Jacobsthal numbers, including triangles where the row sums are known sequences. In turn these produce some new properties.
KLC4 shapes axon arbors during development and mediates adult behavior
Authors: Haynes Elizabeth M , Burnett Korri H , He Jiaye , Jean-Pierre Marcel W , Jarzyna Martin , Eliceiri Kevin W , Huisken Jan , Halloran Mary C
Published: October 2022

Development of elaborate and polarized neuronal morphology requires precisely regulated transport of cellular cargos by motor proteins such as kinesin-1. Kinesin-1 has numerous cellular cargos which must be delivered to unique neuronal compartments. The process by which this motor selectively transports and delivers cargo to regulate neuronal morphogenesis is poorly understood, although the cargo-binding kinesin light chain (KLC) subunits contribute to specificity. Our work implicates one such subunit, KLC4, as an essential regulator of axon branching and arborization pattern of sensory neurons during development. Using live imaging approaches in klc4 mutant zebrafish, we show that KLC4 is required for stabilization of nascent axon branches, proper microtubule (MT) dynamics, and endosomal transport. Furthermore, KLC4 is required for proper tiling of peripheral axon arbors: in klc4 mutants, peripheral axons showed abnormal fasciculation, a behavior characteristic of central axons. This result suggests that KLC4 patterns axonal compartments and helps establish molecular differences between central and peripheral axons. Finally, we find that klc4 mutant larva are hypersensitive to touch and adults show anxiety-like behavior in a novel tank test, implicating klc4 as a new gene involved in stress response circuits.
Antiviral function and viral antagonism of the rapidly evolving dynein activating adaptor NINL
Authors: Stevens Donté Alexander , Beierschmitt Christopher , Mahesula Swetha , Corley Miles R , Salogiannis John , Tsu Brian V , Cao Bryant , Ryan Andrew P , Hakozawki Hiroyuki , Reck-Peterson Samara L , Daugherty Matthew D
Published: October 2022

Viruses interact with the intracellular transport machinery to promote viral replication. Such host–virus interactions can drive host gene adaptation, leaving signatures of pathogen-driven evolution in host genomes. Here, we leverage these genetic signatures to identify the dynein activating adaptor, ninein-like (NINL), as a critical component in the antiviral innate immune response and as a target of viral antagonism. Unique among genes encoding components of active dynein complexes, NINL has evolved under recurrent positive (diversifying) selection, particularly in its carboxy-terminal cargo-binding region. Consistent with a role for NINL in host immunity, we demonstrate that NINL knockout cells exhibit an impaired response to interferon, resulting in increased permissiveness to viral replication. Moreover, we show that proteases encoded by diverse picornaviruses and coronaviruses cleave and disrupt NINL function in a host- and virus-specific manner. Our work reveals the importance of NINL in the antiviral response and the utility of using signatures of host–virus genetic conflicts to uncover new components of antiviral immunity and targets of viral antagonism.
Physical human locomotion prediction using manifold regularization
Authors: Javeed Madiha , Shorfuzzaman Mohammad , Alsufyani Nawal , Chelloug Samia Allaoua , Jalal Ahmad , Park Jeongmin
Published: October 2022

Human locomotion is an imperative topic to be conversed among researchers. Predicting the human motion using multiple techniques and algorithms has always been a motivating subject matter. For this, different methods have shown the ability of recognizing simple motion patterns. However, predicting the dynamics for complex locomotion patterns is still immature. Therefore, this article proposes unique methods including the calibration-based filter algorithm and kinematic-static patterns identification for predicting those complex activities from fused signals. Different types of signals are extracted from benchmarked datasets and pre-processed using a novel calibration-based filter for inertial signals along with a Bessel filter for physiological signals. Next, sliding overlapped windows are utilized to get motion patterns defined over time. Then, polynomial probability distribution is suggested to decide the motion patterns natures. For features extraction based kinematic-static patterns, time and probability domain features are extracted over physical action dataset (PAD) and growing old together validation (GOTOV) dataset. Further, the features are optimized using quadratic discriminant analysis and orthogonal fuzzy neighborhood discriminant analysis techniques. Manifold regularization algorithms have also been applied to assess the performance of proposed prediction system. For the physical action dataset, we achieved an accuracy rate of 82.50% for patterned signals. While, the GOTOV dataset, we achieved an accuracy rate of 81.90%. As a result, the proposed system outdid when compared to the other state-of-the-art models in literature.
Brushed creation of liquid marbles
Authors: Lin Eric Shen , Song Zhixiong , Ong Jian Wern , Abid Hassan Ali , Liew Oi Wah , Ng Tuck Wah
Published: October 2022

A method where particulates are transferred via a cosmetic brush onto liquid drops created on a highly non-wetting substrate with a hole to generate talc and graphite liquid marbles (LMs) and talc-graphite Janus liquid marbles is described. van der Waals forces facilitated the attachment of particulates to the dry brush bristles. Subsequently, the surface tension forces that developed from particle interaction with water (which were O(102) higher than the van der Waals forces) could then engender transfer of the particulates to the liquid-gas interface of the drop. Forces below 1 mN applied by a dangling foil on the LM ensured preservation of the drop shape when the force was removed. During the application of this force, the contact angles at the contact lines behaved differently from sessile drops that are inclined on surfaces. This preparation method portends the ability to automate the creation of LMs and Janus LMs for various applications.
Modification on Restrictive Taylor and Padé Approximations
Authors: Abdelwahed M. S. , Rageh Tamer M. , Fareed Aisha F. , Youssef Ahmed M.
Published: October 2022

We review Taylor approximation (TA), Padé approximation (PA), Restrictive Taylor approximation (RTA) and Restrictive Padé approximation (RPA). After comparing these four approximation methods with two other modified approximation methods: Modified Restrictive Taylor approximation (MRTA) and Modified Restrictive Padé approximation (MRPA), we give test examples to illustrate how the modified approximations could be used. The mathematical principles behind all these approximations could be applied for the development of new computing methods.
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens of the Lower Limbs: An Unusual Presentation and an Unknown Etiology
Authors: Ogunkoya John Omotola , Oyelese Adesola Temitope , Solaja Taiwo Olufemi , Makanjuola Abiola , Boco Nta Opeoluwa , Ogunlade Akinwale Folarin , Ekenyem Sixtus Chinedu
Published: October 2022

Deep vein thrombosis is the most frequent Venous thromboembolic event seen among individuals with hematological diseases which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is associated with various risk factors.  It mainly affects the deep veins of the lower extremities and the pelvis. Phlegmasia dolens is an uncommon skin condition associated with or caused by acute deep vein thrombosis and presents in three clinical subtypes such as phlegmasia alba dolens, phlegmasia cerulea dolens, and venous gangrene.

We report a 29-year-old obese female patient who was admitted via the accident and emergency section of the hospital with a history of sudden onset of pain in both lower limbs, colicky abdominal pain, 4 episodes of passage of loose stool, and 8 episodes of non-projectile, non-bilious vomiting.  Compressive ultrasonography revealed evidence of occlusion of both external iliac veins and the biopsy of the skin showed the presence of neutrophilic vesicles in the epidermis suggestive of phlegmasia cerulea dolens.

In conclusion, phlegmasia cerulea dolens is a rare clinical skin condition that must be kept in mind by clinicians, especially in patients with a history suggestive of venous thrombosis.
The Wealth Effects on Demand for Insurance under Ambiguity Aversion
Authors: Huang Bao-An , Wang Xiao-Hong
Published: October 2022

Under which condition does the optimal insurance demand decrease in wealth?  In the expected utility model a decreasing concavity condition is necessary and sufficient for this result. However in general, the result does not hold under ambiguity aversion. By introducing several types of controlling relation about random loss variables, we constrained the structure of the ambiguity and obtained several unambiguous results. The results show that under these constraints the demand for insurance against ambiguous losses also decreases in wealth.
Reflecting Customer - Brand Identification on Customers Brand Passion: An Applied Study of Smartphone Brands in Iraq
Authors: Al-Afridawi Maytham Abed Kareem , Abdul Rasool Hussien Ali
Published: October 2022

The main objective of the current study is to verify the role of customer-brand similarity in the brand passion for some brands of smartphones, as the sample study consisted of 296 customers, and therefore the problem of the study was formulated with regard to the relationship between the study variables, as a result of which the objectives of the study were defined. The study hypothesis chart crystallized the formulation of the special hypotheses tested in the statistical package to model structural equations in the least squares method (AMOS.V.25) and to analyze what the study tool provided, a set of statistical methods were used: The deterministic factor analysis, the alpha Kronbach coefficient, the determination coefficient (R2), and the normal distribution of data. The results of the study showed a clear and important perception of the relationship between customer-brand similarity and brand passion, and perhaps the most important results of the study are reflected in a positive statistical correlation and impact between customer-brand affinity and brand passion. Customers are familiar with their brand, which means a repeat purchase and a pride in keeping with it despite the presence of other brands. In the light of these findings, the study presented a series of recommendations, the most important of which is (strengthening the relationship between preferred brands and their customers by ensuring the strength and stability of the relationship between them in the light of ongoing marketing research).
Association of Major Disease Outbreaks With Adolescent and Youth Mental Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Kumar Manasi , Akbarialiabad Hossein , Kouhanjani Mohsen Farjoud , Kiburi Sarah , Shidhaye Pallavi , Taghrir Mohammad Hossein , Shidhaye Rahul
Published: October 2022

Importance

Adolescents and young people have been historically understudied populations, and previous studies indicate that during epidemics, these populations, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are at high risk of developing mental disturbances.

Objective

To identify the existing evidence regarding the association of mental health with outbreaks of the influenza A (H1N1), Zika, Ebola, and SARS-CoV-2 virus in exposed youth and adolescents in LMICs.

Evidence Review

Across 6 databases (Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science), the mental health outcomes of adolescents and youth (aged 10-24 years) associated with 4 major pandemic outbreaks from January 2009 to January 2021 in LMICs were reviewed. A group of 3 authors at each stage carried out the screening, selection, and quality assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The social determinants of adolescent well-being framework was used as a guide to organizing the review.

Findings

A total of 57 studies fulfilled the search criteria, 55 related to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and 2 covered the H1N1 influenza epidemics. There were no studies associated with Zika or Ebola outbreaks that met screening criteria. The studies reported high rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents, including posttraumatic stress disorder, general stress, and health-related anxiety. Potential risk factors associated with poor mental health outcomes included female sex; home residence in areas with strict lockdown limitations on social and physical movement; reduced physical activity; poor parental, family, or social support; previous exposure to COVID-19 infection; or being part of an already vulnerable group (eg, previous psychiatric conditions, childhood trauma, or HIV infection).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this systematic scoping review suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic and H1N1 epidemic were associated with adverse mental health among adolescents and youth from LMICs. Vulnerable youth and adolescents may be at higher risk of developing mental health–related complications, requiring more responsive interventions and further research. Geographically localized disease outbreaks such as Ebola, Zika, and H1N1 influenza are highly understudied and warrant future investigation.
Efficacy of Adjunctive D-Cycloserine to Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Cole Jaeden , Sohn Maya N. , Harris Ashley D. , Bray Signe L. , Patten Scott B. , McGirr Alexander
Published: October 2022

Importance

The antidepressant effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols for major depressive disorder (MDD) are thought to depend on synaptic plasticity. The theta-burst stimulation (TBS) protocol synaptic plasticity is known to be N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)–receptor dependent, yet it is unknown whether enhancing NMDA-receptor signaling improves treatment outcomes in MDD.

Objective

To test whether low doses of the NMDA-receptor partial-agonist, D-cycloserine, would enhance intermittent TBS (iTBS) treatment outcomes in MDD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a single-site 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted from November 6, 2019, to December 24, 2020, including 50 participants with MDD. Participants were recruited via advertisements and referral. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age 18 to 65 years with a primary diagnosis of MDD, a major depressive episode with score of 18 or more on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, a Young Mania Rating Scale score of 8 or less, and normal blood work (including complete blood cell count, electrolytes, liver function tests, and creatinine level).

Interventions

Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to either iTBS plus placebo or iTBS plus D-cycloserine (100 mg) for the first 2 weeks followed by iTBS without an adjunct for weeks 3 and 4.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was change in depressive symptoms as measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) at the conclusion of treatment. Secondary outcomes included clinical response, clinical remission, and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores.

Results

A total of 50 participants (mean [SD] age, 40.8 [13.4] years; 31 female [62%]) were randomly assigned to treatment groups: iTBS plus placebo (mean [SD] baseline score, 30.3 [4.2]) and iTBS plus D-cycloserine (mean [SD] baseline score, 30.4 [4.5]). The iTBS plus D-cycloserine group had greater improvements in MADRS scores compared with the iTBS plus placebo group (mean difference, −6.15; 95% CI, −2.43 to −9.88; Hedges g = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.34-1.62). Rates of clinical response were higher in the iTBS plus D-cycloserine group than in the iTBS plus placebo group (73.9% vs 29.3%), as were rates of clinical remission (39.1% vs 4.2%). This was reflected in lower CGI-severity ratings and greater CGI-improvement ratings. No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings from this clinical trial indicate that adjunctive D-cycloserine may be a promising strategy for enhancing transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment outcomes in MDD using iTBS requiring further investigation.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03937596
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Biopsy in the Detection of Thyroid Malignancy
Authors: Hsiao Vivian , Massoud Elian , Jensen Catherine , Zhang Yanchen , Hanlon Bret M. , Hitchcock Mary , Arroyo Natalia , Chiu Alexander S. , Fernandes-Taylor Sara , Alagoz Oguzhan , Sundling Kaitlin , LiVolsi Virginia , Francis David O.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Fine-needle biopsy (FNB) became a critical part of thyroid nodule evaluation in the 1970s. It is not clear how diagnostic accuracy of FNB has changed over time.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the accuracy of thyroid FNB for diagnosis of malignancy in adults with a newly diagnosed thyroid nodule and to characterize changes in accuracy over time.

Data Sources

PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1975 to 2020 using search terms related to FNB accuracy in the thyroid.

Study Selection

English-language reports of cohort studies or randomized trials of adult patients undergoing thyroid FNB with sample size of 20 or greater and using a reference standard of surgical histopathology or clinical follow-up were included. Articles that examined only patients with known thyroid disease or focused on accuracy of novel adjuncts, such as molecular tests, were excluded. Two investigators screened each article and resolved conflicts by consensus. A total of 36 of 1023 studies met selection criteria.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

The MOOSE guidelines were used for data abstraction and assessing data quality and validity. Two investigators abstracted data using a standard form. Studies were grouped into epochs by median data collection year (1975 to 1990, 1990 to 2000, 2000 to 2010, and 2010 to 2020). Data were pooled using a bivariate mixed-effects model.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was accuracy of FNB for diagnosis of malignancy. Accuracy was hypothesized to increase in later time periods, a hypothesis formulated prior to data collection.

Results

Of 16 597 included patients, 12 974 (79.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 47.3 (12.9) years. The sensitivity of FNB was 85.6% (95% CI, 79.9-89.5), the specificity was 71.4% (95% CI, 61.1-79.8), the positive likelihood ratio was 3.0 (95% CI, 2.3-4.1), and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.2 (95% CI, 0.2-0.3). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 86.1%. Epoch was not significantly associated with accuracy. None of the available covariates could explain observed heterogeneity.

Conclusions and Relevance

Accuracy of thyroid FNB has not significantly changed over time. Important developments in technique, preparation, and interpretation may have occurred too heterogeneously to capture a consistent uptrend over time. FNB remains a reliable test for thyroid cancer diagnosis.
Methylation of N6 adenosine‐related long noncoding RNA: effects on prognosis and treatment in ‘driver‐gene‐negative’ lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Hao‐Shuai , Cai He‐Yuan , Shan Shi‐Chao , Chen Ting‐Fei , Zou Jian‐Yong , Abudurufu Maimaiti , Luo Hong‐He , Lei Yi‐Yan , Ke Zun‐Fu , Zhu Ying
Published: October 2022

The improvement of treatment for patients with ‘driver‐gene‐negative’ lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a critical problem to be solved. We aimed to explore the role of methylation of N6 adenosine (m6A)‐related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in stratifying ‘driver‐gene‐negative’ LUAD risk. Patients negative for mutations in EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, HER2, MET, ALK, RET, and ROS1 were identified as ‘driver‐gene‐negative’ cases. RNA sequencing was performed in 46 paired tumors and adjacent normal tissues from patients with ‘driver‐gene‐negative’ LUAD. Twenty‐three m6A regulators and relevant lncRNAs were identified using Pearson's correlation analysis. K‐means cluster analysis was used to stratify patients, and a prognostic nomogram was developed. The CIBERSORT and pRRophetic algorithms were employed to quantify the immune microenvironment and chemosensitivity. We identified two clusters highly consistent with the prognosis based on their unique expression profiles for 46 m6AlncRNAs. A risk model constructed from nine m6A lncRNAs could stratify patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups with promising predictive power (C‐index = 0.824), and the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. The clusters and risk models were closely related to immune characteristics and chemosensitivity. Additional pan‐cancer analysis using the nine m6AlncRNAs showed that the expression of DIO3 opposite strand upstream RNA (DIO3OS) is closely related to the immune/stromal score and tumor stemness in a variety of cancers. Our results show that m6AlncRNAs are a reliable prognostic tool and can aid treatment decision‐making in ‘driver‐gene‐negative’ LUAD. DIO3OS is associated with the development of various cancers and has potential clinical applications.
Torsional behavior of a non‐eccentric structure considering the effect of shear deformations in vertical members
Authors: Maki Shiori , Kohiyama Masayuki
Published: October 2022

Torsional moments can occur in a column owing to the geometric nonlinearity when the top of the column undergoes a large displacement in two horizontal directions. Periodically generated torsional moments can excite the torsional mode of a building owing to the internal resonance. For high‐rise buildings, there is a risk that long‐period seismic motions can cause a non‐negligible torsional response due to this phenomenon. To investigate this risk, this study focuses on non‐eccentric single‐story and two‐story shear‐type structural models with an aggregate column, which is assumed to be an elastic Timoshenko beam. We derived the equations of motion for the models under horizontal ground motions and confirmed that the equations were identical to those of the models with an aggregate column of an elastic Euler beam. We then performed time‐history response analyses of the models satisfying the internal resonance conditions under the input ground motions of harmonic waves, Gaussian white noise acceleration, acceleration records of previous earthquakes, and a long‐period design wave. The results showed that the maximum horizontal acceleration at the corner of the top floor slab could be increased by more than 60% of the acceleration at the center of the slab in the worst case.
Volatile 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskite: A Gift for α‐Formamidinium Lead Triiodide Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Jianghu , Zhang Zhanfei , Huang Ying , Xue Qi , Zheng Yiting , Wu Xueyun , Tian Congcong , Zhang Yi , Wang Yimeng , Chen Zhenhua , Chen Chun‐Chao
Published: October 2022

Perovskite solar cells with increasingly pure composition of α‐formamidinium lead triiodide (α‐FAPbI3) perovskite are utilized to set more and more record‐breaking efficiencies. However, pure α‐FAPbI3 perovskite is unstable and difficult to prepare. Here, a series of bulky alkylammoniums known as the spacer cations (RP cations) of 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (2D perovskites) are used to prepare α‐FAPbI3 perovskite films. The deprotonation process of RP cations during annealing removes the in situ generated 2D perovskites from the film, which determines the phase and compositional purity, crystallinity, and stability of α‐FAPbI3 perovskite films and depends on the design of RP cations. Only a small number of residual RP cations (0.3–2.3%) are found anchoring at grain boundaries. As a result, α‐FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells prepared from RP cations, especially 2‐thiophenemethylammonium, show higher efficiency and stability than control devices prepared from the most commonly used methylammonium. It is believed that in situ generated 2D perovskites are ideal additives for α‐FAPbI3 perovskite, because a large addition (20%) of 2D perovskites ensures the preparation of high‐quality phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 perovskite films, while a small number of residual RP cations anchored at grain boundaries guarantee the performance and stability of α‐FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells.
An Effective Sneak‐Path Solution Based on a Transient‐Relaxation Device
Authors: Fu Tianda , Fu Shuai , Sun Lu , Gao Hongyan , Yao Jun
Published: October 2022

An efficient strategy for addressing individual devices is required to unveil the full potential of memristors for high‐density memory and computing applications. Existing strategies using two‐terminal selectors that are preferable for compact integration have trade‐offs in reduced generality or functional window. A strategy that applies to broad memristors and maintains their full‐range functional window is proposed. This strategy uses a type of unipolar switch featuring a transient relaxation or retention as the selector. The unidirectional current flow in the switch suppresses the sneak‐path current, whereas the transient‐relaxation window is exploited for bidirectional programming. A unipolar volatile memristor with ultralow switching voltage (e.g., <100 mV), constructed from a protein nanowire dielectric harvested from Geobacter sulfurreducens, is specifically employed as the example switch to highlight the advantages and scalability in the strategy for array integration.
Robust and Multifunctional Kirigami Electronics with a Tough and Permeable Aramid Nanofiber Framework
Authors: Liu Hongzhen , Li Hegeng , Wang Zuochen , Wei Xi , Zhu Hengjia , Sun Mingze , Lin Yuan , Xu Lizhi
Published: October 2022

Kirigami designs are advantageous for the construction of wearable electronics due to their high stretchability and conformability on the 3D dynamic surfaces of the skin. However, suitable materials technologies that enable robust kirigami devices with desired functionality for skin‐interfaces remain limited. Here, a versatile materials platform based on a composite nanofiber framework (CNFF) is exploited for the engineering of wearable kirigami electronics. The self‐assembled fibrillar network involving aramid nanofibers and poly(vinyl alcohol) combines high toughness, permeability, and manufacturability, which are desirable for the fabrication of hybrid devices. Multiscale simulations are conducted to explain the high fracture resistance of the CNFF‐based kirigami structures and provide essential guidance for the design, which can be further generalized to other kirigami devices. Various microelectronic sensors and electroactive polymers are integrated onto a CNFF‐based materials platform to achieve electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), skin‐temperature measurements, and measurement of other physiological parameters. These mechanically robust, multifunctional, lightweight, and biocompatible kirigami devices can shed new insights for the development of advanced wearable systems and human–machine interfaces.