bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease with white matter hyperintensity and cognitive decline: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Jung Inha , Park So Young , Lee Da Young , Cho Hyun Joo , Lee Seung Ku , Seo Ji A. , Kim Nan Hee , Shin Chol , Yu Ji Hee
Published: February 2025

Aims

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has recently been proposed to describe the hepatic steatosis associated with metabolic abnormalities. Substantial evidence has shown that hepatic steatosis may be linked with cognitive impairment and dementia. This study aimed to clarify the association between MAFLD and brain structural and cognitive changes.

Materials and Methods

We analysed data from 2155 participants with both baseline and 4‐year follow‐up brain magnetic resonance images and neuropsychological measures from the Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. The presence of hepatic steatosis was defined as a liver attenuation index (LAI) value <5 Hounsfield units using computed tomography.

Results

Over a median follow‐up of 4.1 years, MAFLD was associated with an increased risk of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) (RR 1.35; 95% CI 1.09–1.66, p = 0.006), but not with brain volume changes. When examined by individual components of MAFLD, the presence of hepatic steatosis was an independent factor associated with the risk of WMH regardless of metabolic derangements. Lower LAI values were linearly associated with greater executive function Z score decline (p = 0.007). This relationship was more evident in the non‐obese group (body mass index <25 kg/m2, p for interaction = 0.003).

Conclusions

MAFLD was associated with an increased risk of WMH over 4.1 years in middle‐aged adults. The hepatic steatosis itself was independently associated with an increased risk of WMH regardless of comorbid metabolic abnormalities. The degree of hepatic steatosis was associated with decreased executive function, especially in non‐obese individuals.
Genomic Monitoring of a Reintroduced Butterfly Uncovers Contrasting Founder Lineage Survival
Authors: Halford Georgina , Maes Dirk , Yung Carl J. , Whiteford Sam , Bourn Nigel A. D. , Bulman Caroline R. , Goffart Philippe , Hodgson Jenny A. , Saccheri Ilik J.
Published: February 2025

Genetic factors can have a major influence on both short‐ and long‐term success of reintroductions. Genomic monitoring can give a range of insights into the early life of a reintroduced population and ultimately can help to avoid wasting limited conservation resources. In this study, we characterise the genetic diversity of a reintroduced Carterocephalus palaemon (Chequered Skipper butterfly) population in England with respect to the spatial genetic structure and diversity of the source populations in south Belgium. We aim to evaluate the success of the reintroduction, including the effectiveness of the donor sampling strategy, and assess genetic vulnerabilities that may affect the population's future. We also use an isolation‐by‐distance approach to make quantitative inferences about dispersal, and we explore covariance between host mitochondrial and Wolbachia genomes. We find that, four generations following the initial release, the reintroduced population, founded by 66 wild‐caught adults, has an effective size of c. 33, yet has retained similar levels of genomic heterozygosity to those in the source subpopulations in Belgium and shows low levels of inbreeding. However, the restricted number of founders and variance in reproductive success among the surviving families have resulted in a higher level of kinship, likely to result in somewhat higher rates of inbreeding in the future. Furthermore, there is a distinct split between two source landscapes in Belgium, and all genomic evidence suggests that the reintroduced population is descended from only one of these landscapes (called Fagne). We discuss potential causes behind these results, including whether Wolbachia strains are causing genetic incompatibility between clades. We conclude that a conservative strategy for any further translocations would prefer Fagne sites as sources because of the strong evidence of their ability to survive. However, our results warrant further investigation into the reasons for the divergence found in Belgium.
Variability in Fishing Practices Across an Island Nation—A Description of Bahamian Fisheries Based on Interviews With Fishers
Authors: Matich Philip , Guttridge Annie E. , Bond Mark E. , Carroll Khrysdovãn , Keller Bryan A. , Guttridge Tristan L.
Published: February 2025

Fisheries are essential for nutritional and economic stability in many countries, particularly small island developing states. In The Bahamas, ~25% of households depend on fisheries‐related income, and Bahamians rely on seafood for ~15% of their animal protein. However, our understanding of fisheries is largely based on national statistics that may not reflect the diversity of fishers, particularly in less developed Family Islands. We interviewed 375 Bahamian fishers from five major islands, Abaco, Andros, Eleuthera, Long Island, and New Providence, that varied in socioeconomics, human population density, natural resource diversity, and cultural practices. Bahamian fishers were largely driven by economics, with ~70% identifying as commercial fishers and > 80% of income derived from fishing activities for all fishers. Fishers in more developed islands used more modern methods (e.g., diving, pots & traps) to catch economically valuable species (e.g., Panulirus argus) at greater distances from home islands, aided by larger fishing vessels. In contrast, fishers from Family Islands used more traditional methods (e.g., handlines) to catch Lutjanidae and other species in nearshore waters closer to home islands. Variability among islands appears to be attributed to differences in access to resources, infrastructure, financial motivation, and cultural practices. Similar to other small developing island nations, diversity in fisher behavior among and within Bahamian islands necessitates more attention and resources to develop, implement, and enforce fisheries regulations to ensure sustainability, which is essential as global demand for seafood continues to grow amidst widespread overfishing.
Growth of Microbial Mats on Hard Nuclei in Shallow Sandy Environments
Authors: Valentine Kendall , Bosak Tanja , Kondrat'yev Maria , Klepac‐Ceraj Vanja , Kleinman Ashley S. , Rubinstein Rebecca , Mariotti Giulio
Published: February 2025

The growth of most stromatolites is a result of interactions among the growth of microbial mats, mineral precipitation, water flow, and sediment movement. Here, we ask how oxygenic photosynthetic microbes colonize surfaces and interact with sediments in high‐energy environments that contain constantly moving sand. For this, we investigate cyanobacterial growth on centimeter‐scale concrete spheres in a continuously agitated wave tank. Cyanobacteria are unable to colonize moving sand, but establish biofilms on spheres within 5–6 weeks. These biofilms trap up to 0.5 g/cm2 of sand on the top and 0.3 g/cm2 on the sides within 25 weeks. The colonization does not depend on the size of the spheres, but instead depends on their surface roughness. Cyanobacteria easily colonize spheres with a surface roughness that matches the bed grain size (0.3 mm), but cannot colonize the initial topographic highs with a roughness of ~0.001 mm. In both cases, recesses on the surfaces of the spheres protect cyanobacteria from sandblasting. Thus, microbial biofilms can become established even in high‐energy environments, if topographic highs are large enough not to be rolled around by the flow and rough enough to provide attachment loci. If cementation occurs within biofilms, the interplay among biofilm growth, sediment trapping, and cementation can lead to the upward as well as lateral growth of stromatolites. These experimental observations can explain the preferential upward growth of stromatolites on topographic highs in areas with frequently mobilized sediment grains, including modern stromatolites in the intertidal zone in Shark Bay and the subtidal zone in The Bahamas.
Association between early retirement and risk of frailty in later life: A population‐based longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Tsui‐Hung , Chien Shao‐Yun , Cheng Wan‐Ju , Huang Ya‐Wen , Wang Shi‐Heng , Huang Wei‐Lieh , Tzeng Ya‐Ling , Hsu Chih‐Cheng , Chen Wei J. , Wu Chi‐Shin
Published: February 2025

Aim

Early retirement is prevalent and can alter daily habits, potentially impacting health. This study aims to explore the association between early retirement and frailty and to examine the modifying effect of sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based matched cohort study that included 1 779 628 early retirees aged 45–64 years and an equal number of employed individuals from Taiwan's National Health Insurance (2010–2021). Early retirement was defined as unemployment before age 65 years without reemployment. Frailty was assessed using the multimorbidity Frailty Index (mFI) based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Covariates such as demographics, socioeconomic status, and medical conditions were adjusted using propensity score weighting. Generalized estimating equations determined the association between early retirement and frailty. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, sex, income and occupation.

Results

The results showed that early retirees exhibited a significant increase in mFI score changes compared to their employed counterparts, with a coefficient rise of 0.372 (95% CI, 0.303–0.441). Early retirement was associated with higher mFI scores among younger individuals (aged 45–54 years); men; those with lower incomes; and individuals working as employers, private‐sector employees, freelancers, farmers and fishers. Conversely, early retirement was linked to lower mFI scores among civil servants.

Conclusion

These findings support the development of targeted retirement policies and occupational health programs. Further research on frailty mediators, such as physical activity, diet and social participation is crucial for improving clinical care and informing health policies to mitigate the negative impacts of early retirement on high‐risk populations. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••–•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••–••.
New insight into the salt role during preparing α‐hemihydrate gypsum in atmospheric salt solution: Particle size control
Authors: Guan Qingjun , Zhou Fujia , Zhou Yulin , Yu Weijian , Yin Zhigang
Published: February 2025

The synergistic control of the crystal morphology and size of α‐hemihydrate gypsum (α‐HH) was achieved by adjusting the Na2SO4 concentration and maleic acid content. Maleic acid primarily regulated the α‐HH morphology through surface adsorption. The concentration of Na2SO4 determined crystal size by tailoring the maximum relative supersaturation (Smax) during α‐HH crystallization. Higher Na2SO4 concentrations led to higher Smax and smaller crystal sizes. The Smax of α‐HH in a 9% Na2SO4 solution was 4.5 times that in a 6% solution, resulting in a significant decrease in crystal size from approximately 40–18 µm as the Na2SO4 concentration increased from 6% to 9%, while maintaining similar crystal morphology (average aspect ratio of about 1.0). This study filled the gap in research on particle size control during the preparation of α‐HH using the salt solution method under atmospheric pressure, contributing to a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of this method.
The Effect of Task Complexity on Young EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension and Metacognitive Awareness
Authors: Joo Dayoung , Lee Junkyu
Published: February 2025

The present study aims to explore the effect of task complexity on young L2 learners’ listening comprehension and metacognitive awareness. Eighty‐eight Korean elementary school students participated in the study, taking a listening comprehension test under two different complexity conditions and completing the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ). Correlation analyses indicated moderate positive relationships between MALQ subscales and learners’ listening abilities. Additionally, the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test revealed superior performance on complex tasks compared to simpler ones, suggesting that increased cognitive demand may enhance learners’ listening comprehension. Notably, it was found that two subscales of metacognitive awareness, planning/evaluation and person knowledge, were more utilized when participants were engaged in the complex task. The findings suggest that metacognition may exhibit task‐specific characteristics, where subdomains of metacognition appear differently depending on the characteristics of a task. An in‐depth understanding of the effect of task complexity can provide valuable insights for designing and implementing effective listening instruction in language classrooms.
Signaling Activation and Modulation in Extrafollicular B Cell Responses
Authors: Staniek Julian , Rizzi Marta
Published: February 2025

The differentiation of naive follicular B cells into either the germinal center (GC) or extrafollicular (EF) pathway plays a critical role in shaping the type, affinity, and longevity of effector B cells. This choice also governs the selection and survival of autoreactive B cells, influencing their potential to enter the memory compartment. During the first 2–3 days following antigen encounter, initially activated B cells integrate activating signals from T cells, Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), and cytokines, alongside inhibitory signals mediated by inhibitory receptors. This integration modulates the intensity of signaling, particularly of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which plays a central role in guiding developmental decisions. These early signaling events determine whether B cells undergo GC maturation or differentiate rapidly into antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) via the EF pathway. Dysregulation of these signaling pathways—whether through excessive activation or defective regulatory mechanisms—can disrupt the balance between GC and EF fates, predisposing individuals to autoimmunity. Accordingly, aberrant PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling has been implicated in the defective selection of autoreactive B cells, increasing the risk of autoimmune disease. This review focuses on the signaling events in newly activated B cells, with an emphasis on the induction and regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. It also highlights gaps in our understanding of how alternative B cell fates are regulated. Both the physiological context and the implications of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) and complex autoimmune conditions will be discussed in this regard.
Exploring the Relationship Between Maternal Wellbeing, Infant Development, Smartphone Use, and Mother‐Infant Responsiveness
Authors: Golds Lisa , Gillespie‐Smith Karri , MacBeth Angus
Published: February 2025

Emerging evidence suggests smartphone use has adverse effects on mother‐infant relationships. However, while research suggests that maternal responsiveness is reduced when using a smartphone, little research has been undertaken with infants. This study used cross‐sectional data to explore associations between infant social‐emotional development, maternal mental health outcomes, smartphone use, and mother‐infant responsiveness. We recruited 450 mothers with infants aged 3–9 months, in the UK. Data were collected between October 2021 and April 2022, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Validated self‐report scales measured predictor variables and an outcome variable of mother‐infant responsiveness. Hierarchical linear multiple regression identified a final model (R2 = 0.385, F (3,432) = 17.33, p < 0.001), with four significant predictors for mother‐infant responsiveness: infant social‐emotional development, birth parity, perceived social support in the form of appraisal, and likelihood of maternal smartphone use when the infant may be perceived as passive. These results suggest that within this sample, suboptimal infant social‐emotional development, additional children in the family, lack of appraisal support for mothers, as well as maternal smartphone use during critical periods of parenting all demonstrate a negative association with mother‐infant responsiveness. The results have implications for planning early support for mothers in the first months of their infant's life.
Understaffing as a Two‐Dimensional Phenomenon: A Cross‐Sectional Study of Hospital Nurses' Manpower and Expertise Understaffing
Authors: Pindek Shani , Hayman Melisa R. , Howard David J. , Arvan Maryana L. , Spector Paul E.
Published: February 2025

Aim(s)

To examine whether manpower and expertise understaffing are distinct, and whether they relate similarly to nursing stressors, burnout, job satisfaction and intentions to turnover.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey of hospital nurses nested within units was used.

Methods

The sample included 402 nurses. Nurses provided ratings of the study's variables using validated self‐report measures. The data were analysed both as multilevel and single‐level data.

Results

Manpower and expertise understaffing contributed unique explained variance to all of the examined outcomes. Nurses within the same units experience different understaffing levels. Expertise understaffing emerged as a significantly stronger predictor than manpower understaffing for three of the six of the outcome variables (illegitimate tasks, job satisfaction and turnover intentions).

Conclusion

Manpower and expertise understaffing are distinct, and both are associated with nurse outcomes.

Reporting Method

We have adhered to the STROBE guideline for cross‐sectional studies.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Considering both manpower and expertise understaffing to maintain proper staffing levels in nursing units is crucial.

Patient or Public Contribution

A Director of Patient Care Services from the hospital where the study was conducted is a member of the research team. This member contributed to designing and conducting the study as well as interpreting the results.
Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Quality and Completeness of Medication‐Related Discharge Documentation
Authors: Bertilsson Emma , Östman Victoria , Cam Henrik , Franzon Kristin , Gillespie Ulrika
Published: February 2025

Rationale

Transitions of care are periods of heightened risk of medication management errors. Poor‐quality discharge documentation has been linked to incorrect or suboptimal medication use and unplanned hospital visits. Despite regulations defining essential components of medication‐related discharge documentation, deficiencies persist, highlighting the need for a method to assess whether current clinical practice meets these standards.

Aims

To conduct an initial validation of a newly developed instrument, the Complete Medication Documentation at Discharge – Measure (CMDD‐M), assessing the quality and completeness of medication‐related discharge documentation in a Swedish clinical setting.

Methods

The instrument was developed and refined in multiple stages. In this study, two clinical pharmacists and one geriatrician independently applied the final instrument to discharge documentation from 50 patients. Inter‐rater reliability (IRR) was evaluated using linear and quadratic weighted Cohen's κ (κWlinear and κWquadratic).

Results

The average CMDD‐M score, based on the consensus of the three raters, was 3.40 (SD ± 2.50) out of nine possible points across the patients' discharge documentation. The IRR between the pharmacists' individual assessments demonstrated almost perfect agreement, with κWlinear and κWquadratic values of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.80–1.00) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.85–1.00), respectively. Moreover, the IRR between the pharmacists' consolidated score and the geriatrician's assessment displayed a moderate to strong agreement, with κWlinear and κWquadratic values of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.48–0.80) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64–0.97), respectively.

Conclusion

The CMDD‐M demonstrated robust IRR confirming its ability to consistently and accurately measure the quality and completeness of medication‐related discharge documentation in an easy‐to‐use form. Further research is recommended to ensure validity, generalisability and association with clinically relevant outcomes supporting the instrument's potential usefulness for evaluating and improving clinical practice and research.
In Vivo Assessment of Plasma Gel: Regenerative Potential and Limitations as a Filler
Authors: Cheng Hao , Li Ju , Zhao Yong , Xia Xun , Li Yan
Published: February 2025

Background

Plasma gel, also known as plasma‐rich in growth factors (PRGF) gel or platelet‐rich gel, is a novel application of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), created by heating platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) to induce denaturation, forming a gel‐like substance. This gel is then combined with PRP to create a new injectable biomaterial that offers both the regenerative benefits of PRP and structural support due to its gel‐like consistency. Plasma gel has been increasingly used not only for its biological regenerative properties but also as a cosmetic filler to enhance tissue volume and improve skin aesthetics. It shows promise in facial rejuvenation by improving skin texture and elasticity, and reducing the appearance of wrinkles. However, the detailed in vivo behavior of plasma gel, particularly its absorption rate and regenerative efficacy, remains underexplored.

Aims

This study aims to investigate the in vivo behavior of plasma gel, focusing on its absorption rate and its ability to stimulate tissue regeneration. Specifically, we aim to assess how quickly plasma gel is absorbed after subcutaneous injection and to evaluate its effects on collagen production and neovascularization using a nude mouse model.

Methods

Plasma gel was prepared by heating PPP to create a gel‐like substance, which was then mixed with PRP. This mixture was injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The absorption of the gel was monitored over time by measuring the remaining volume at different time points. Tissue samples were analyzed using Masson's trichrome staining to detect collagen and CD31 immunohistochemical staining to assess neovascularization to understand the regenerative effects induced by plasma gel.

Results

The study found that plasma gel is absorbed rapidly, with approximately 50% of the volume disappearing within the first week and almost complete absorption by eight weeks. Despite this rapid absorption, significant increases in collagen deposition and new blood vessel formation were observed, indicating strong regenerative properties even after the gel had been largely absorbed.

Conclusions

The main findings of this study suggest that while plasma gel is quickly absorbed and may not be suitable for long‐term volumizing effects, it shows significant potential for temporary volume enhancement and as a biostimulatory agent. Plasma gel's ability to promote collagen production and neovascularization makes it valuable in clinical applications where temporary support and long‐term tissue regeneration are desired. Future research should focus on ways to extend the retention time of plasma gel and enhance its regenerative effects, potentially through modifications to its formulation or combination with other bioactive substances.
Rhinomodelation With Polycarpolactone—A Safer and Effective Solution for the Future
Authors: Qureshi Kamran Izhar , Vercesi Franco , Qureshi Hina Farooq
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Nonsurgical rhinoplasty or rhinomodelation is a sought‐after procedure in aesthetic practice. The current product of choice remains hyaluronic acid (HA) because of its ease of use and reversibility. However, it does carry some risks. Polycaprolactone (PCL) fillers hold a lot of promise in aesthetic practice. It has an established safety profile and a longer duration of action. Because of its unique properties, it may hold the key to the future of nonsurgical rhinomodelation.

Methods

Twelve patients were enrolled in the study. Ten out of these were not willing to ask for surgery and had no breathing problems. Two were post‐surgical rhinoplasty complications who did not want another surgery. 0.2 mL of PCL filler was injected at each site according to the need (radix, spine, and or tip). The Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS; 3 = very much improved, 2 = considerably improved, 1 = improved, 0 = no change, and −1 = worse) was used along with a patient satisfaction scale (highly satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied) were used. The sum of the GAIS ratings was quantified as total improvement (TMI). The patients were followed up for 12 months before and 12 months after procedures were taken and documented.

Results

The GAIS score was 98% for the study and all patients were highly satisfied with their treatment right after procedure and 12 months later.

Conclusion

PCL fillers may be the way forward for long‐term sustained results in nonsurgical rhinomodelation. Expert injection techniques and knowing the side effects and handling them is mandatory.
Effectiveness and Safety of Combined Use of Home‐Based Radiofrequency Device and Arbutin Cream in Melasma and Facial Rejuvenation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhao Qian , Che Qilei , Wang Wenju , Chen Tao , Tang Xiao , Zhao Xin , Wang Nianou , Li Ke , Wa Qingbiao
Published: February 2025

Background

Melasma and facial aging are prevalent dermatological concerns. The combined use of a home‐based radiofrequency (RF) device and a topical depigmentation agent, such as an arbutin‐based cream, has shown potential in addressing both conditions.

Aims

This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of combining a home‐based RF device with arbutin cream to treat melasma and facial aging.

Methods

This single‐center, open‐label study included 38 participants. The treatment involved using a home‐based RF device alongside an arbutin cream three times a week for 4 weeks, followed by a 4‐week rest period. Key outcomes included changes in modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) scores, melanin index (MI), erythema index (EI), facial wrinkles, skin texture, and periorbital dermal thickness. The participants also provided a self‐assessment of the treatment efficacy.

Results

After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, compared with baseline, the mMASI scores decreased by 20.8% and 25.6%, whereas the MI decreased by 22.0% and 22.8%, respectively. The EI decreased by 5.94% and 6.86%, facial wrinkles decreased by 30.9% and 35.9%, and skin texture scores decreased by 19.7% and 21.4% at 4 and 8 weeks posttreatment, respectively. Significant improvements in periorbital dermal thickness and subcutaneous tissue thickness were observed after combined RF and arbutin cream treatment. None of the 38 participants experienced adverse events, and all reported satisfaction with the results.

Conclusion

The combination of a noninvasive home‐based RF device and arbutin cream is effective in improving melasma and achieving facial rejuvenation, offering a safe and patient‐friendly treatment option.
Innovative minimally invasive technique for pelvic organ prolapse: V‐Notes lateral suspension
Authors: Bulutlar Eralp , Uluutku Bulutlar Gizem Berfin , Boz Izceyhan Gizem , Aktaş Özgür , Albayrak Denizli Ayşe Betül , Kiliççi Çetin
Published: February 2025

Background

This study aimed to develop a novel antiprolapse surgical technique utilizing minimally invasive methods with lateral suspension in natural orifice surgeries.

Aims

The primary objective of this study was to describe a modified V‐Notes lateral suspension (VNLS) technique as a viable alternative for antiprolapse surgery.

Study Design

This was a prospective clinical trial evaluating a new surgical technique.

Methods

Patients indicated for lateral suspension underwent the procedure using the V‐Notes technique through natural orifices. No additional incisions were made on the anterior abdominal wall, except for the mesh exit points.

Results

Post‐operation, the only incisions present were the two lateral mesh outlet incisions on the anterior abdominal wall. Additionally, there was no need for peritonization as the Alexis wound protector/retractor was used extraperitoneally. The outcomes were comparable to those achieved with laparoscopic lateral suspension (LLS). The VNLS technique demonstrated favorable results, including shorter hospital stays and improved cosmetic outcomes compared to traditional LLS. This innovative approach has the potential to become the new gold standard in antiprolapse surgery, providing benefits such as minimal invasiveness and enhanced aesthetics.

Conclusion

While the optimal treatment for pelvic organ prolapse remains undetermined, natural orifice surgeries like V‐Notes offer promising advantages, including reduced invasiveness and superior cosmetic results, suggesting their potential for future standard practice.
Task Profiles of Academically Qualified Psychiatric Nurses in Germany: Results of a Cluster Analysis
Authors: Scheydt Stefan , Nienaber André , Holzke Martin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

As little clarity exists regarding the roles of academically qualified nurses in Germany it is not certain that nurses who call themselves “nursing experts” actually perform the tasks of a nursing expert or APN. An important aspect of the present “Study on the situation of academically qualified nurses in psychiatric care contexts in Germany” (AkaPP study) was therefore to identify profiles or clusters based on the tasks and activities performed by academically qualified psychiatric nurses in Germany.

Aim

To identify possible clusters of academically qualified psychiatric nurses working in direct care practice, nursing development or nursing research positions in relation to their self‐described tasks and activities.

Method

Data were collected via an online survey between August and November 2020. The target group of the study was academically qualified nurses in Germany working in a psychiatric‐psychosocial healthcare institution. The group of interest for the analysis was the subgroup of nurses in a “direct care and scientific nursing role” (academically qualified nurses working in direct patient care, nursing development or nursing research positions; n = 105 valid cases). A hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out using the Ward method on the basis of the tasks and activities described by the participants in the questionnaire. The identified clusters were described in terms of descriptive statistics against the background of previously defined content characteristics and compared for noticeable differences. Reporting was performed according to the STROBE checklist.

Results

Cluster analysis revealed the following seven clusters of academically prepared nurses: (1) Practice Development and Consultative Expertise, (2) Basic Nursing Practice, (3) Advanced Practice Development and Nursing Research, (4) Specialised and Expanded Psychiatric Nursing Practice, (5) Basic Psychiatric Nursing Practice, (6) Direct Patient Care and Basic Practice Development and (7) Advanced Psychiatric Nursing Practice.

Discussion and Implications for Practice

The clusters identified provide a nuanced understanding of the roles of graduate psychiatric nurses in Germany. This insight helps to tailor staffing structures and training programs to the needs of psychiatric care settings. By delineating distinct role profiles, healthcare institutions and policymakers can optimise resource allocation, enhance interdisciplinary collaboration and ultimately improve patient outcomes. This research provides guidance for refining clinical practice models and promoting professional development in psychiatric nursing contexts.
Management of Hypergranulation Tissue: A Report of a Pediatric Case
Authors: Hurley Margaret , Scott Jennifer , Zaenglein Andrea L.
Published: February 2025

Hypergranulation tissue is the overgrowth of granulation tissue during the proliferative phase of wound healing. Treatment of hypergranulation tissue in the pediatric patient is focused on efficacious and comfortable options, of which topical steroids have been successfully used. This report discusses management of a large area of hypergranulation and concurrent infection on the scalp of a pediatric patient.
Wielding God's Power: A Framework for Understanding Orthodox Christian‐Muslim Relations
Authors: Dorroll Philip
Published: February 2025

Over the past 2 decades, the topic of Christian‐Muslim relations has become one of the most talked‐about issues in the world, and western Christian historical experiences and sources have usually dominated these discussions. Often overlooked is the fact that vast numbers of Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Christians and Muslims have continuously lived among one another from the beginning of Islam in the seventh century up to the present day. This article asserts that a broad analysis of Orthodox Christian‐Muslim relations as a distinct history can reveal insights into the nature of interfaith relationships across time and geographical or linguistic boundaries, highlighting lasting and profound human experiences such as solidarity, spiritual fellowship, traumatic memory, and resistance against injustice. This article will both introduce readers to the key scholarly literature that discusses aspects of this distinct history, and also put these sources into dialog in order to propose ways of approaching this history as a coherent field of study. Specifically, this article argues that theologies of sacred power have structured Orthodox‐Christian Muslim relations across time and space. These theologies are here termed “imperial theologies of sacred power,” and “vernacular theologies of sacred power.” “Imperial theologies of sacred power” refer to the political theological claims that both Orthodox Christian and Muslims empires made to justify their dominance over the other's religious communities as imperial subjects. “Vernacular theologies of sacred power” refers to the relationships that were constructed between members of these communities at the local level when they actively shared sacred spaces and rituals. The concept of “vernacular theologies” is taken from recent theoretical work in Orthodox Christian Studies by Lydia Bringerud (2019), Sarah Riccardi‐Swartz (2020), and Helena Kupari and Elini Vuola (2020) and provides a helpful way forward for the further exploration of the historical contours of interfaith relations in Orthodox Christian contexts.
Evolution of Dispersal in a Stream With Better Resources at Downstream Locations
Authors: Liu Kuiyue , De Tang  , Chen Shanshan
Published: February 2025

This paper is concerned with a two‐species Lotka–Volterra competition patch model over a stream with better resources at downstream locations. Treating one species as the resident species and the other one as a mutant species, we first show that there exist two quantities and depending on the drift rate: if the dispersal rate of the resident species is smaller (respectively, larger) than (respectively, ), then a rare mutant species can invade only when its dispersal rate is faster (respectively, slower) than the resident species. Then, we show that there exists some intermediate dispersal rate, which is the unique evolutionarily stable strategy for the resident species under certain conditions. Moreover, the global dynamics of the model is obtained, and both competition exclusion and coexistence can occur. Our method for the patch model can be used for the corresponding reaction–diffusion model, and some existing results are improved.
Advancing phylogenomic marker design: Updated USCO and UCE databases of Collembola
Authors: Du Shiyu , Zhang Shengyang , Jiang Run , Yu Daoyuan , Godeiro Nerivânia Nunes , Zhang Feng
Published: February 2025

Molecular markers are critical for elucidating the evolution and genetic diversity of species. The relentless progress and innovation in sequencing technology have enabled the acquisition of a vast repository of high‐quality organism genomic data. A more precise and high‐resolution set of molecular markers can provide deeper insights into species evolution. Collembola, as a key group of soil arthropods, has been the focus of extensive research due to its evolutionary and ecological importance. Recently, several chromosome‐level genomes of springtails have been sequenced. Our objective was to enhance molecular marker design to improve the accuracy and robustness of the Collembola database, focusing on universal single‐copy orthologues (USCOs) and ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We constructed a set of 4073 USCOs by examining 15 genomes, including 11 high‐quality genome data at the chromosome level. We then curated and adapted a customized BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single‐Copy Orthologues) dataset specifically designed for USCO evaluation. In addition, we developed a novel probe set for UCEs, comprising 67,707 baits targeting 2608 specific loci. We achieved the successful capture of 2089–3847 USCOs and 972–1405 UCEs across the 15 genomes under investigation. These markers were tested to assess their capture success and systematically validated against two previous phylogenomic studies. This approach is instrumental in species identification, phylogenomics, population genetics, and contributes significantly to advancing our understanding of evolutionary biology and ecology. Both datasets are freely available for download from figshare: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26839783.
Research on Capture the Flag Exercises for Cybersecurity Skill Training Among Malaysian Undergraduates
Authors: Khoo Li Jing , Mohamad Yatim Maizatul Hayati , Wong Yoke Seng
Published: February 2025

Cybersecurity education is crucial for addressing the growing skills gap in industries, with Capture the Flag (CTF) exercises emerging as a promising gamified approach for engaging and training students in cybersecurity skills. This study introduces SKRCTF, an integrated framework that adapts CTF principles for Malaysian undergraduate cybersecurity education. Through a systematic integration of gamification elements and pedagogical principles, SKRCTF was designed to cater to the specific needs and challenges of Malaysian undergraduates in cybersecurity skill development. The framework's effectiveness was evaluated through a quasi-experimental study involving two Malaysian universities, using pre-test and post-test assessments. While initial results showed limited improvement in overall performance, the second iteration with enhanced scaffolding demonstrated significant progress in specific areas such as operating system threats and cryptography pattern recognition. These findings, though partially negative, provide valuable insights into the prerequisites and conditions necessary for effective CTF implementation in Malaysian higher education. The study contributes to the understanding of how gamified cybersecurity training should be adapted for different educational contexts, particularly highlighting the importance of fundamental computing knowledge and structured support systems. The SKRCTF framework and its implementation findings offer a foundation for developing more effective cybersecurity training programs tailored to Malaysian undergraduate education.
Cyborg Technology in Bio Engineering: Enabling Technologies, Implications, Applications and Future Trends
Authors: Firdhous Mohamed Fazil Mohamed , Pirapaharan Adshayani
Published: February 2025

Medical technology has made notable progress in recent decades with the assistance of engineering and information and communication technology. With the aid of miniaturized electronic devices with intelligence and communication capabilities can be used to monitor patients and older people remotely and streamline all the healthcare services required in times of need with minimum human interventions. The advances made in the field of microelectronics have enabled us to manufacture devices that are small enough to be embedded within the human body. When a human being is fitted with a device for the purpose of assisting an underperforming organ or to enhance some biological function, he is known as a cyborg. Cyborg is a portmanteau of two words cybernetics and organism where a biological organism is embedded (or fitted) with some machine elements for the purpose of enhancing some of its biological functions. In this article, the authors take a critical look at cyborgs from different angles with the view of understanding the implications of this technology at individual and social levels along with giving their own interpretations and comments. As this article looks at cyborg technology from multiple directions, it will be a useful reference for anybody who is willing to embark on this fascinating research area.
Strain Gauge Sensors in Industrial Instrumentation: A Review for Human Technology Integration
Authors: Mohd Diah Muhammad Hafizi , Sahli Hazimin Muhammad Haziq Faris , Noramli Nur Athirah Syafiqah , Abdul Rahim Herlina
Published: February 2025

This study offers an in-depth exploration of strain gauge sensors, emphasizing their critical role in industrial instrumentation and their broader impact on human-centric technologies. Strain gauges are indispensable for precise measurement of material deformation across diverse industrial applications, directly influencing advancements in structural monitoring, safety systems, and ergonomic designs. The paper thoroughly examines sensor types, applications, technical specifications, operational principles, interfacing with other devices, microcontroller programming, and circuit analysis. Furthermore, it highlights potential innovations and directions for developing advanced sensors, tailored to evolving industrial and societal needs. Through comprehensive studies, simulations, and programming insights, this research provides engineers and researchers with a robust understanding of strain gauge technology. By addressing its integration into human-focused systems, the paper outlines pathways for leveraging strain gauges to enhance human safety, efficiency, and functionality in various domains. This work aims to foster advancements in sensor technology, bridging industrial precision with human-oriented applications.
Kinematics Characterisation of Deflection Technique in Seni Silat Cekak using Motion Capture Analysis
Authors: Mustapha Ghazirah , Mahmud Jamaluddin , Wan Sulaiman Wan Ruzaini
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effectiveness and kinematics of Kaedah A, a deflection technique in Seni Silat Cekak Malaysia (SSCM). As the scientific research on Malay Martial Arts (Silat) is limited, this study aims to analyze the execution time of Kaedah A and presents its kinematic profile. Twenty experienced SSCM practitioners performed Kaedah A, which was captured using a motion capture system (Microsoft Kinect via Cekak Visual 3D v1.0) at 30 frames per second. The captured hand positional data was analyzed to determine the hand's trajectory, velocity, and execution time. Results indicated that Kaedah A can be executed in less than 0.1 seconds, demonstrating its potential for rapid self-defense. The maximum average hand velocity was 5.02 m/s. Statistical analysis of kinematic variables, including velocity components, execution time and elbow joint angle, revealed normal distributions. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of SSCM techniques and its potential applications in self-defense.
The homological spectrum via definable subcategories
Authors: Bird Isaac , Williamson Jordan
Published: February 2025

We develop an alternative approach to the homological spectrum of a tensor‐triangulated category through the lens of definable subcategories. This culminates in a proof that the homological spectrum is homeomorphic to a quotient of the Ziegler spectrum. Along the way, we characterise injective objects in homological residue fields in terms of the definable subcategory corresponding to a given homological prime. We use these results to give a purity perspective on the relationship between the homological and Balmer spectrum.
A short proof of Helson's conjecture
Authors: Gorodetsky Ofir , Wong Mo Dick
Published: February 2025

Let be the Steinhaus multiplicative function: a completely multiplicative function such that are i.i.d. random variables uniformly distributed on the complex unit circle . Helson conjectured that as , and this was solved in a strong form by Harper. We give a short proof of the conjecture using a result of Saksman and Webb on a random model for the zeta function.
On convex bodies in Rn${\mathbb {R}^n}$, n⩾5$n\geqslant 5$, with directly congruent projections
Authors: Sbeih Reema A.
Published: February 2025

Let and let and be two convex bodies in such that their orthogonal projections and onto any ‐dimensional subspace are directly congruent, that is, there exists a rotation and a vector such that . Assume also that the 2‐dimensional projections of and are pairwise different and they do not have ‐symmetries. Then and are congruent. We also prove an analogous more general result about twice differentiable functions on the unit sphere in .
Pregnancy does not affect progression of mild experimental asthma in sheepx
Authors: Roff Andrea J. , Davies Andrew N. , Clifton Vicki L. , Stark Michael J. , Tai Andrew , Robinson Joshua L. , Hammond Sarah J. , Darby Jack R. T. , Meakin Ashley S. , Lock Mitchell C. , Wiese Michael D. , Sharkey David J. , Bischof Robert J. , Morrison Janna L. , Gatford Kathryn L.
Published: February 2025

Asthma is the most common respiratory condition during pregnancy and increases the risks of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Asthma symptoms change in ∼60% of pregnancies, but whether this is due to pregnancy itself is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that physiological changes during pregnancy worsen asthma severity in an ovine experimental model of allergic asthma. Three‐year‐old Merino ewes were randomly allocated to either control or allergic asthma groups. Asthma was induced through sensitisation and repeated airway challenge with house dust mite allergen. We compared airway function, circulating cytokine profile and airway immune response to allergen challenge throughout the study and airway structure between groups, in non‐pregnant (control n = 8, asthma n = 9), singleton‐pregnant (control n = 5, asthma n = 8) and twin‐pregnant ewes (control n = 6, asthma n = 9). Within non‐pregnant animals, transpulmonary pressure at Day 132 of the study was 37% higher in asthmatic than control ewes (P = 0.031), but not different between treatments in singleton‐pregnant (P = 0.594) or twin‐pregnant (P = 0.074) ewes. Between premating and Day 132, dynamic compliance decreased more in asthmatic than control ewes (P = 0.040), and this change did not differ between litter sizes (P = 0.096). Neither asthma nor pregnancy affected eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage or lung tissue. There was no evidence of lung airway remodelling in the cohort. The results of this study suggest that pregnancy does not increase asthma symptoms or severity of mild asthma.

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Key points

Asthma severity changes in ∼60% of pregnancies, but whether this is due to pregnancy itself is unclear.

Using a sheep model of allergic asthma, we tested the hypothesis that physiological changes during pregnancy worsen asthma severity.

Dynamic compliance decreased to a greater extent in asthmatic than control ewes over the course of the study, indicating the development of a mild asthma phenotype, and this decrease was similar in non‐pregnant, singleton‐pregnant and twin‐pregnant ewes.

Eosinophil proportions in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue were not affected by either asthma or pregnancy, nor was there evidence of lung airway remodelling in this cohort.

Our findings suggest that pregnancy does not increase asthma symptoms or severity of mild asthma