bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching Opportunity Recognition: Meeting the Challenges of Message, Method and Measurement
Authors: White Rebecca J. , Hertz Giles T.
Published: July 2022

The efficacy of experiential entrepreneurship education is often dependent upon students’ ability to identify a viable entrepreneurial opportunity early in the class or programme. Yet students often struggle with this process for a wide variety of reasons. Translating theory into the classroom may be considered a pathway to provide educators with the tools they need to help students enhance their opportunity recognition skills. In this article, we first review theories of opportunity recognition and challenges associated with teaching this topic. We then offer a pedagogy that addresses the content indicated by theory, a method of teaching the topic and propose an assessment structure. Within the pedagogical model provided, educators have the freedom to incorporate their preferred individual instructional tools to meet the needs of their learner audiences and to allow them to take advantage of their own personal resources.
A Study on the Influence of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy
Authors: Taneja Neha , Bhatia Hitesh
Published: July 2022

The present study is a modest attempt to examine whether the students pursuing postgraduation in entrepreneurship education perceive their entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) to be significantly different from those pursuing postgraduate management education in other disciplines. It explores the ESE on 53 different tasks involved in searching, planning, marshalling, implementation phase of venture creation and general ESE measurement through a 5-point Likert scale self-administered questionnaire. The sample for the study includes 250 entrepreneurship graduates and 217 management graduates from different institutes in western India. The overall ESE of entrepreneurship graduates was found to be significantly higher than management graduates, but task specific ESE was significantly different for 22 out of 53 tasks. The results of the study, thus, are able to suggest the areas for further development to enhance the efficacy of entrepreneurship education programmes.
Whither Demarginalization, Inclusion and Effectiveness? Challenges of Local Government Planning in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Keshav Kumar , Zafarullah Habib
Published: July 2022

The planning system in local government follows a formal process mandated by legislation and a corpus of regulations. While these strongly advocate citizen participation in selecting, implementing and managing development projects at the local level, in practice, the mechanism is hamstrung by an inadequate social inclusion perspective. The elites continue to play a significant role in the process that marginalizes women, Dalits or minorities in decision-making, resource mobilization or project prioritization. This has demeaned community ownership of development plans and affected the delivery of public services. Because of their perceived lack of capacity, the marginalized communities are denied leadership roles in local government committees and in mobilizing resources or prioritizing their demands. However, with federalism and a robust legal framework in place, the seven-step planning mechanism has, to some extent, been able to address the problem of social exclusion, marginalization and ineffectiveness in local level planning and budgeting.
Antiemetic Efficacy of Prophylactic Ondansetron Versus Ondansetron with Dexamethasone Combination Therapies in Women Undergoing Breast Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shivanna Apoorva Devarahosahally , Kadni Reena R. , Tausif Syed Farzan , Zachariah Varghese K.
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To compare the prophylactic antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron monotherapy with that of the combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone in the prevention on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in breast surgeries by observing the incidence of PONV, assess the percentage of participants requiring rescue antiemetics, know the side effects of drugs, and analyze the effect of the surgical duration of breast surgeries.

Methods:

The group ondansetron (O) received 0.1 mg/kg IV ondansetron and the other group (ondansetron and dexamethasone combination, OD) received 0.1 mg/kg IV ondansetron and 0.1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. The incidence of PONV in the first 24 h, percentage of population receiving rescue antiemetics, surgical duration, and hemodynamic parameters were noted.

Results:

In the 0 h to 6 h postoperative period, 38.9% of participants of group O had PONV, whereas only 13.9% in group OD had PONV, which was statistically significant ( P < .016). About 30.6% of study population in group O and 8.3% in group OD required rescue antiemetics which was statistically significant ( P = .017). Surgical duration of more than 120 min had a statistically significant higher incidence of PONV in the O group with a P-value of .048.

Conclusion:

The combination of prophylactic ondansetron with dexamethasone is more efficacious than ondansetron alone for the prevention of PONV in women undergoing breast surgeries.
The Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Serum Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) Levels Among Tuberculosis Patients in Comparison with Control Subjects
Authors: Belur Kiran , Arunachalam Prema , Raveendran Jamuna Rani
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

To compare the serum vitamin D and serum cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) levels among tuberculosis patients and healthy subjects and to determine the association between serum vitamin D and cathelicidin in tuberculosis.

Materials and Methods:

This is a case-control study carried out at the pulmonary medicine and pediatrics departments of a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu. The study included 180 tuberculosis cases and 90 control subjects of both sexes between the age group of 1 to 80 years. Serum was used to estimate vitamin D and CAMP. The study was analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp. Armonk, New York). The results were evaluated using the chi-square test at a 95% confidence interval, and P value <.05 was considered highly significant.

Results:

This study observed vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, and optimum vitamin D among 55%, 41%, and 3.89% tuberculosis cases, respectively. Similarly, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, and optimum vitamin D were seen in 40%, 50%, and 10% healthy controls, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study found no association between serum vitamin D and serum CAMP levels in tuberculosis patients and healthy controls.
Nectar of the Bots: Evolving Bidirectional Referential Communication
Authors: Fox Ruairi , Bullock Seth
Published: July 2022

Referential communication is central to social and collective behaviour, for example honey bees communicating nectar locations to each other or co-workers gossiping about a colleague. Since such behaviour typically is considered to be ‘representation hungry’, it is often assumed to require the possession of complex cognitive machinery capable of manipulating symbolic representations of the world. However, a series of simulation studies have shown that it can be achieved by very simple embodied artificial agents controlled by evolved recurrent artificial neural networks that are challenging to interpret in symbol-processing terms. In this paper, we extend this paradigm to explore scenarios in which a pair of agents, each of which is privy to a different piece of private information, must jointly solve a task that requires both pieces of information to be communicated, compared and acted upon, i.e., each agent must simultaneously play the role of both signaller and receiver during an unstructured referential communication interaction that is bidirectional. We demonstrate evolved agents that are able to solve this task, and analyse the extent to which their situated, embedded and embodied communicative behaviour can be considered to be a step towards understanding the minimal cognitive basis for human language.
Confitendum et proficiendum: Augustine on the Rule of Faith and the Christian Life
Authors: Fogleman Alex
Published: July 2022

The rule of faith obtained an increasingly flexible usage in the fourth and fifth centuries. In Augustine's various writings on the creed, we can see how he envisioned Christian engagement with the rule as extending beyond baptismal education to involve an ongoing and dynamic process of Christian transformation, particularly as it pertained to the heart. In catechetical sermons on the creed, the focus is on memorizing the creed by heart. In De agone Christiano, the heart is the site of battle with demonic forces. In De fide et symbolo, Augustine emphasizes purity of heart. In the Enchiridion, Augustine teaches the creed for wisdom and piety in the heart. For the ordinary Christian, the rule of faith serves as a means of progressive growth in the Christian life. Only in the beatific vision, when faith turns to sight and God himself becomes the Christian's vision, can the creed be laid to rest.
An updated Lagrangian Bézier finite element formulation for the analysis of slender beams
Authors: Greco Leopoldo , Cuomo Massimo , Castello Domenico , Scrofani Angelo
Published: July 2022

A G1-conforming finite element formulation based on the Kirchhoff beam model suitable for the analysis of structures composed by coupling of slender beams is presented. A new set of kinematic parameters is introduced in order to account for the continuity required by the rod model. This new set of kinematic parameters defines the G1-map that guarantees continuity of the rotations at the ends of the beam. The tangent stiffness matrix for the proposed Kirchhoff beam model is derived in a consistent way. It is shown that an additional geometric term, specific for the G1-conforming formulation, appears in the tangent stiffness matrix. In order to avoid the singularities arising with the introduction of the G1-map, an updated Lagrangian formulation is adopted. In this way, a G1-conforming Bézier finite element based on the Kirchhoff beam model able to model large deformations of space rod systems is obtained. Several numerical examples show the high accuracy and the robustness of the proposed conforming formulation.
Investigation of textural and physicochemical changes during the manufacturing process of pastırma, a dry-cured meat product
Authors: Kırkyol Mine , Akköse Ahmet
Published: July 2022

The changes in textural and physicochemical properties and stability of meat proteins during the production of pastırma were studied. Samples taken at different production stages (raw material, curing, first drying, second drying and final product) were analyzed. The pH decreased at the end of the curing but increased after the first and second drying. While moisture content and water activity decreased throughout the pastırma production, salt content and Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) increased. Production stages affected the free fatty acids, residual nitrite content and color parameters ( P < 0.01). These results showed that considerable physicochemical changes occurred in the production stages of pastırma. The denaturation temperatures for myosin and actin decreased at the end of the curing, however, no denaturation peak for myosin was observed in the later stages. Hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness increased throughout the pastırma production. Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear force increased at the end of the first drying and in the final product. These results are important in terms of obtaining the desired textural properties in the final product. Also, remarkable correlations were detected among the determined properties during the manufacturing process. The study provided considerable findings for the development of industrial pastırma production.
Effects of a Peer-Mediated Joint Attention Intervention in an Inclusive Preschool Setting
Authors: Hansen Sarah G. , Mowbray Megan , Raulston Tracy , Carnett Amarie , Tullis Christopher
Published: July 2022

Joint attention, or shared attention to an object or event, is a pivotal skill for the development of social interactions and social communication. Joint attention typically develops in natural contexts within the first year of life. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related developmental disabilities often experience difficulty developing joint attention. Clinical interventions to increase joint attention exist. However, there are limited studies investigating methods to incorporate joint attention interventions in inclusive preschool classrooms with peers as social partners. For young children in preschool settings, peer-mediated social skills interventions reflect natural contingencies and may promote generalization. In this study, we employed a single-case multiple baseline across child–peer dyads design to evaluate the effects of a peer-mediated joint attention intervention for children with or at risk for ASD on response to joint attention (RJA) from peer bids and initiations of joint attention (IJA) from target children with ASD. The intervention included direct instruction with a social narrative to teach three peers to initiate bids for joint attention to measure target children’s responses. Target children later received the same direct instruction to increase IJA to same-age-peers. Results indicate increased target child RJA and IJA to peers. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.
“I Want That Money Saved for ‘Real’ Victims”: Homicide Detectives’ Perceptions of Victims and Impacts on Advocacy and Services for Loss Survivors
Authors: Wesely Jennifer K. , Dewey Susan
Published: July 2022

Those who lose a loved one to homicide are considered crime victims, and accordingly may be eligible for state services and compensation. Yet institutionalized constructs about good/innocent and bad/guilty victims can trigger law enforcement agents’ presumptions of how deserving a homicide loss survivor is of resources, responsiveness and support. These attitudes can impact discretionary decision-making about assistance for survivors. Using qualitative in-depth interviews with Homicide Unit and Victim Services Unit personnel at one agency, this study explores these perceptions and their impacts on advocacy for homicide loss survivors. Ultimately, there are justice implications for this population.
Computational Structural and Functional Analyses of ORF10 in Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Variants to Understand Evolutionary Dynamics
Authors: Mishra Seema
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

In an effort to combat SARS-CoV-2 through multi-subunit vaccine design, during studies using whole genome and immunome, ORF10, located at the 3′ end of the genome, displayed unique features. It showed no homology to any known protein in other organisms, including SARS-CoV. It was observed that its nucleotide sequence is 100% identical in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes sourced worldwide, even in the recent-most VoCs and VoIs of B.1.1.529 (Omicron), B.1.617 (Delta), B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), and P.1 (Gamma) lineages, implicating its constant nature throughout the evolution of deadly variants.

Aim:

The structure and function of SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 and the role it may play in the viral evolution is yet to be understood clearly. The aim of this study is to predict its structure, function, and understand evolutionary dynamics on the basis of mutations and likely heightened immune responses in the immunopathogenesis of this deadly virus.

Methods:

Sequence analysis, ab-initio structure modeling and an understanding of the impact of likely substitutions in key regions of protein was carried out. Analyses of viral T cell epitopes and primary anchor residue mutations was done to understand the role it may play in the evolution as a molecule with likely enhanced immune response and consequent immunopathogenesis.

Results:

Few amino acid substitution mutations are observed, most probably due to the ribosomal frameshifting, and these mutations may not be detrimental to its functioning. As ORF10 is observed to be an expressed protein, ab-initio structure modeling shows that it comprises mainly an α-helical region and maybe an ER-targeted membrane mini-protein. Analyzing the whole proteome, it is observed that ORF10 presents amongst the highest number of likely promiscuous and immunogenic CTL epitopes, specifically 11 out of 30 promiscuous ones and 9 out of these 11, immunogenic CTL epitopes. Reactive T cells to these epitopes have been uncovered in independent studies. Majority of these epitopes are located on the α-helix region of its structure, and the substitution mutations of primary anchor residues in these epitopes do not affect immunogenicity. Its conserved nucleotide sequence throughout the evolution and diversification of virus into several variants is a puzzle yet to be solved.

Conclusions:

On the basis of its sequence, structure, and epitope mapping, it is concluded that it may function like those mini-proteins used to boost immune responses in medical applications. Due to the complete nucleotide sequence conservation even a few years after SARS-CoV-2 genome was first sequenced, it poses a unique puzzle to be solved, in view of the evolutionary dynamics of variants emerging in the populations worldwide.
The influence of the acoustic performance in the certification of a school buildings according to the ITACA protocol
Authors: Di Loreto Samantha , Serpilli Fabio , Lori Valter , Di Perna Costanzo
Published: July 2022

The study and analysis of the processes that determine environmental sustainability of buildings are nowadays topics of great interest for the sustainable, economic and social development of the cities. The international context presents guidelines and protocols for the energy-environmental sustainability, often aimed to assigning a sustainability label to the buildings. In Italy one of the most used rating systems is the ITACA Protocol, recently updated by the Italian Standard UNI/Pdr 2019, which through a series of criteria identifies global indicators of the sustainability of the building examined. This paper presents the potential of the ITACA protocol which could be a method for designing innovative and efficient architectures. In particular, the aspects related to the acoustic comfort are examined and how these criteria change the overall performance of a building. The evaluation of the sustainability performance was applied to a school building. Results show that an optimal acoustic quality improve over to 2 point of the final protocol score.
The impact of bariatric surgery on disease activity and progression of multiple sclerosis: A nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: Hedström Anna Karin , Stenberg Erik , Spelman Tim , Forsberg Lars , Näslund Erik , Hillert Jan
Published: July 2022

Background:

Surgical outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) following metabolic surgery appear to be similar compared to those of the general bariatric population.

Objective:

To study the impact of metabolic surgery on the clinical course of MS.

Methods:

Using data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry and the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis register, we compared disease outcomes in 122 cases of MS who had undergone metabolic surgery with those of 122 cases of MS without surgery, matched by a two-staged Propensity score match, including age at disease onset, sex, MS phenotype, body mass index, and preoperative severity of MS as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale.

Results:

The time to 6-month confirmed disability progression during the first five years postbaseline was shorter among the surgical patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–4.90; p = 0.03). No differences were observed regarding postoperative annual relapse rate ( p = 0.24) or time to first postoperative relapse ( p = 0.52).

Conclusion:

Although metabolic surgery appears to be a safe and efficient treatment of obesity in patients with MS, the clinical course of the disease might be negatively affected. Long-term nutritional follow-up after surgery and supplementation maintenance are crucial, particularly among those with preoperative deficits.
TikTok’s ‘Republicansona’ trend as cross-party cross-dressing: Legible normativity, (in)dividual representation and performing subversive ambiguity
Authors: Gentry Briand A
Published: July 2022

In the early months of 2021, a curious trend began to emerge on TikTok: left-leaning TikTokkers engaging in lampoonish performances of cross-party cross-dressing to re-present themselves as their alter-ego ‘Republicansonas’. Fascinatingly, the most profuse and popular engagements with this trend have been to cannily recode BIPOC and queer self-presentations through a sardonic pantomime of a legibly centrist normativity generated by strategically ambiguous performances of ‘whitewashing’ and ‘straightifying’. Deploying affect theory, Deleuzian critiques of neoliberalism, affordance theories of algorithmic culture, critical race theory, queer epistemologies of discursive space and textual analysis of Republicansona content, this article interrogates the operations of not just TikTok but of an increasingly right-leaning America. The central questions in this article are to examine the utility and ideology of this memetic mimesis trend while examining what this trend reveals about TikTok’s infrastructure and the potential for revolution from within the apparatus. This analysis of the mindful sardonicism of the Republicansona trend reveals its disruptive potential to call attention to the impacts of neoliberalism on expression. The act of simulating legible normativity generates a subversively ambiguous depth where testimonies of survival in the face of image-violence are shared as a second layer to the trend’s inside joke modality.
Effectiveness of interventions on improving English language learners’ intelligibility and comprehensibility: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Hu Xueyan , Kuo Li-Jen , Dixon L. Quentin
Published: July 2022

The current trend of speakers of English as a second or an additional language (English language learners) outnumbering speakers of English as a first language (native English speakers) has shifted the focus of English language teaching from the nativeness principle to the intelligibility principle. Following the intelligibility principle, this review examined the effectiveness of interventions on the intelligibility of English language learners (ELLs) and the comprehensibility of their speech by native speakers in two related but independent meta-analytic studies. Study 1 focused on intervention studies for ELLs to improve intelligibility in their speech. Robust variance estimation (RVE) generated significant effect sizes of 0.62 ( p = 0.00) from 33 effect sizes in 18 independent studies. Study 2 focused on interventions for L1 native English speakers to improve their comprehensibility of ELL speech. RVE generated a statistically significant effect size of 0.24 ( p = 0.04) with 20 effect sizes in 10 independent studies. Moderating analyses revealed that the measures of intelligibility and comprehensibility, and the speech task type, were significant factors explaining the effect size variations between the included studies in both analytic reviews. However, the length of scales did not significantly differentiate the effectiveness of interventions. The effects of pronunciation instruction are not sensitive to research setting, and interventions aiming to change native English speakers’ (NESs’) attitudes towards ELLs’ accented English rather than those aiming to improve NESs’ familiarity with ELLs’ accented English have statistically significant effects. The current analysis generated unique and important implications for future educational practice and research on intelligible and comprehensible communication between L1 speakers and language learners beyond English.
Inspiring visibility: Exploring the roles of identification and solidarity for alleviating Black women’s invisibility in politics
Authors: Mosier Amanda E. , Pietri Evava S. , Johnson India R.
Published: July 2022

We explored whether a Black female politician would alleviate feelings of invisibility among Black women even when they believed the politician deviated from the ingroup prototype by not supporting ingroup interests or by being low in ingroup solidarity. Study 1 demonstrated that relative to Black men and White men and women, Black women identified the most with Vice-President Kamala Harris and reported feeling the highest invisibility in politics immediately after Harris exited the Democratic primary election, but did not report higher support for Harris’s political platform. Study 2 further showed that a Black female politician who supported a policy that is viewed as harmful to Black Americans still helped alleviate feelings of invisibility for Black women because they strongly identified with the politician. However, a Black female politician opposing this policy was the most beneficial, demonstrating the importance of both identification and solidarity for inspiring visibility.
Study on thermal comfort of low-sweat and high-sweat young men based on heart rate variability analysis under different clothing
Authors: Faghihimani Mohammad Mahdi , Hosseini Seyed Abdolkarim
Published: July 2022

Thermal comfort is one of the most important factors affecting human performance. In recent years, the Low Frequency to High Frequency Ratio (LF/HF) index, which is obtained from the frequency analysis of heart rate variability, has been proposed as an accurate method for evaluating thermal comfort in different conditions. In this study, using LF/HF, the effect of sweating amount on thermal comfort under the influence of clothing characteristics was investigated. After a moderately heavy physical activity in the indoor situation and without good ventilation, skin temperature, electrocardiogram signal and a qualitative assessment of their thermal comfort were recorded in participants divided into two groups: low sweat and high sweat. The results of qualitative measurement and frequency analysis of thermal comfort were then discovered to have a significant correlation. According to findings, the low sweat group had less thermal comfort than the high sweat group ( p < 0.05). The type of clothing was also found to have a significant effect on the thermal comfort sensation. Although the amount of sweating is an inherent feature of an individual, the feeling of thermal comfort can be improved ( p < 0.05) by optimizing clothing characteristics for each group without spending more energy on cooling.
The policy relevance of indigenous languages for higher education in Africa: A Ghanaian perspective
Authors: ResCue Elvis , van Pinxteren Bert
Published: July 2022

Now that the goal of universal primary education has been achieved in Ghana, the nation’s aim is to expand higher education as a key to development. We argue that this expansion will necessitate the gradual addition of Ghanaian languages as a medium of instruction. We innovatively explain why this is so by comparing the achievements of the Ghanaian education system with one of the best education systems in the world. We use the conceptual distinction between ‘discerned’ and ‘designed’ languages to discuss the problem of which languages to choose. We propose five scientific principles that could guide the introduction of Ghanaian languages and suggest concrete steps that could be taken over the coming years to make the transition practically possible. As such, we present a way of looking at using indigenous languages as a medium of instruction that has relevance for other African countries as well.
Intersections of Masculinity, Sexuality, Nationality, and Racial Identity in James Baldwin
Authors: Hove Muchativugwa Liberty
Published: July 2022

James Baldwin stands as an enigma: the fiery, race-conscious sculptor of Go Tell It, The Fire Next Time, and the homosexual creator of Giovanni’s Room, Another Country, and Just Above My Head. His essays on racial, and national identities are archived in Nobody Knows My Name and Notes on a Native Son. In life and death, Baldwin’s quest for an inclusive humanism has been received both negatively and positively by black and white audiences. Baldwin has also become the subject of a revisionist impeachment for his unending provocativeness. This ambivalence in reading Baldwin defies an epistemological and ontological center on intersectionality and questions of gay and queer literature, migrants, civil rights, politics, and the role of the artist in the African American archive. This article contributes to critical conversations on periodizing Baldwin and racial identities at a time when America in 2021 glowers under telling dramaturgy embedded in #BlackLivesMatter and #ICan’tBreathe.
Doppler Study of the Left Common Carotid Artery With Preocclusive Stenosis
Authors: Bacha Raham , Amir Gilani Syed , Manzoor Iqra
Published: July 2022

Preocclusive stenosis of the common carotid artery is a rare and potentially life-threatening entity, and the early recognition of associated internal and external carotid artery patency is important for the management plan. The patient in this case report was sent for a thyroid ultrasound for complaints of neck pain, voice change, and dysphagia, and a preocclusive stenosis of the left common carotid artery was found. Multiple collateral pathways had developed to supply blood flow to the left internal carotid artery, and there was retrograde flow in the external carotid artery and antegrade flow in the internal carotid artery. Collaterals from the left thyrocervical trunk were supplying the superior thyroid artery which supplied the external carotid artery and finally the internal carotid artery through the carotid bulb. Doppler ultrasound is valuable in the identification of preocclusive common carotid artery stenosis and mapping of collateral pathways.
Exploring Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Knowledge in Incarcerated Men
Authors: Valera Pamela , Ali Zaire S. , Cunningham Diamond , McLaughlin Christopher , Acevedo Sebastian
Published: July 2022

People who are incarcerated have a disproportionately high risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While there is no known cure for HIV, there are biomedical approaches that can successfully manage the virus and prevent its transmission. A total of 267 men who are incarcerated completed a cross-sectional survey focused on cancer health, HIV prevention, and mental health in three state prisons. The mean age was 39 years. The majority had an annual income of US$10,000 or less, self-identified as heterosexual, not married, had children, did not have any military status, and identified as African American/Black. Less than 4% indicated that they had heard about Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), and only 3% had heard of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). PrEP and PEP effectively prevent HIV infection, but little attention has focused on increasing the knowledge and awareness of these HIV prevention interventions in the incarcerated population.
Menstrual cycle disturbances after COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Rodríguez Quejada Luisa , Toro Wills María Fernanda , Martínez-Ávila María Cristina , Patiño-Aldana Andrés Felipe
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

After COVID-19 vaccination, women of reproductive age reported changes in their menstrual cycle.

Materials and methods:

A retrospective study was carried out after a survey on social networks that included women aged 18–41 years with normal cycles according to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics and who were vaccinated (complete schedule for two doses, except J&J/Janssen or incomplete with a single dose). Women with following conditions were excluded: pregnant or lactating women; history of diseases that cause menstrual irregularities or early menopause: anorexia, bulimia, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothyroidism, obesity, or low weight; hysterectomized or oophorectomized patients; and high performance athletes.

Results:

Overall, 950 women completed the survey between July and September 2021. In total, 408 women met the inclusion criteria, and 184 reported the following characteristics: frequency (normal 43.47%, infrequent 25%, and frequent 31.53%), regularity (regular 51.08%, irregular 42.93%, and absent/amenorrhea 5.97%), duration (normal 65.21%, prolonged 26.08%, absent/amenorrhea 8.69%), and volume (heavy 41.84%, light 20.65%, and absent/amenorrhea 6.52%).

Conclusions:

SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination can influence the menstrual cycle and cause alterations.
How does colpocleisis for pelvic organ prolapse in older women affect quality of life, body image, and sexuality? A critical review of the literature
Authors: Felder Laetitia , Heinzelmann-Schwarz Viola , Kavvadias Tilemachos
Published: July 2022

Colpocleisis is a surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse that results in vaginal obliteration. This review aims to systematically evaluate the quality of life, changes in body image, regret, and impact on sexual activity in women after colpocleisis. A review was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases with search criteria specifying pelvic organ prolapse, colpocleisis, quality of life, body image, regret, sexuality, and their synonyms. For the selection of the eligible articles, we used the PRISMA reporting system. A total of 1285 articles were found. After removing duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles were reviewed in full length. Quality of life after colpocleisis was evaluated in 22 articles, and 20 authors used validated questionnaires. All concluded that quality of life improved after surgical treatment. Twenty-one articles studied regret after obliterative treatment for pelvic organ prolapse. Most of the patients reported no regret. Regret was often due to bowel and bladder symptoms. A few patients reported regret because of loss of coital function. Body image was highlighted in six studies. Three articles assessed body image using the modified Body Image scale. The body image scores demonstrated a significant improvement after surgery. Women tended to remain sexually active and some also regained sexual activities after surgery. Colpocleisis remains a viable option for pelvic organ prolapse, without compromising quality of life, body image, or sexuality, but diligent patient selection is needed. Particular concern should be given to bladder and bowel symptoms since these are the main reason for dissatisfaction after colpocleisis.
Exploration of teachers’ teaching of civic engagement in Taiwan
Authors: Hung Yu-Han
Published: July 2022

This study utilizes the term “teacher as stranger–teacher as public citizen” from Greene’s Teacher as Stranger to explore how teachers develop students’ civic engagement in Taiwan. Using a case study design, this study documents how six social studies teachers make curricular decisions about whether to develop/advocate for students’ civic engagement or not, and how teachers develop the curriculum and pedagogy for civic engagement. Findings illuminate that teachers’ personal background and life experiences are influential factors in their teaching of civic engagement. In addition, the findings also indicate teachers who act as citizens involved in the public world develop students’ civic engagement, critical awareness, and political talk.
Of regiments and radicals: The critical need for empowering youth as radical agents of change
Authors: Brennan Mark A , Dolan Pat , Odera Erica
Published: July 2022

Youth have been, and continue to be, at the forefront of radical positive social change that advances the human condition. Historically major social movements seeking change, equality, and social justice have been driven by youth. The role of youth in facilitating social change is particularly relevant today more than half of the world’s population is currently under 25, and a third under 15. While some see this “youth bulge” demographic as uninformed and vulnerable to extremism and exploitation, we reject this deficit model and see them as a population capable of, and already engaging in, transformational social thought and action. This paper argues that the broad field of youth engagement would benefit from examining youth contributions to upholding or challenging the social status quo through varying forms of civic engagement. We seek to guide research and practice in ways to distinguish types of youth engagement to better reflect its potential for positive change. Therefore, this article does three things: (1) distinguishes regimented and radical youth involvement from extremism; (2) distinguishes the contexts and environments where regimented and radical engagement operate; and (3) provides a conceptual framework to study and apply the key aspects of both, radical and regimented, youth engagement.
Changing the story: Intergenerational dialogue, participatory video and perpetrator memories in Cambodia
Authors: Cooke Paul , Hodgkinson Katie , Manning Peter
Published: July 2022

Questions of reconciliation and memory after genocide and conflict in Cambodia remain finely poised. Young people often do not believe the stories of hardship and loss of the older generation, and cleavages remain between divided and stigmatised former factions. This article reflects on a series of participatory video projects led by young Cambodians that sought to engage and explore complex ‘perpetrator’ memories with the aim of building dialogue across communities and generations. Working in partnership with the Documentation Centre of Cambodia through 2018, our participatory-video project sought to document the experiences and accounts of former lower level Khmer Rouge community members. Through a discussion of the 11 films produced, and young filmmakers’ reflections on their involvement in the project, we show how participatory video allows and produces interventions on memory that can renegotiate, augment and contest dominant narratives of past violence. Crucially, we argue, that when read together, the films outline the contours, ambiguities and contestation of claims for ‘complex victimhood’ in Cambodia, and the problems of stabilising singular stories of past violence. We argue that this has implications for transitional justice more broadly, which is a field that tends to rely on neat distinctions of victim and perpetrator and shared accounts and meanings of past harm in the ways it intervenes on memory.
Perceived societal anomie and the implicit trajectory of national decline: Replicating and extending Yamashiro and Roediger (2019) within a French sample
Authors: Ionescu Octavia , Collange Julie , Tavani Jean Louis
Published: July 2022

To date, most research has investigated people’s representations of the national past and future separately and the few that examined the relationships between the two overlooked the role of the group’s present. The present study aimed to replicate previous results showing an implicit trajectory of national decline among Americans within a French sample and additionally examined whether perceived societal anomie— that is, perceiving that present society is disintegrated and disregulated—would accentuate this trajectory of decline. Results first showed a positivity bias for the French past and a negativity bias for the French future; thus, replicating previous results showing an implicit trajectory of national decline in another national context. Moreover, the trajectory of decline was steeper for participants who perceived present French society as highly anomic; but only because they projected more negative national futures. Explanations for the conflicting results in the literature regarding valence biases in collective memory are discussed.
Same stimulus, same temporal context, different percept? Individual differences in hysteresis and adaptation when perceiving multistable dot lattices
Authors: Van Geert Eline , Moors Pieter , Haaf Julia , Wagemans Johan
Published: July 2022

How we perceptually organize a visual stimulus depends not only on the stimulus itself, but also on the temporal and spatial context in which the stimulus is presented and on the individual processing the stimulus and context. Earlier research found both attractive and repulsive context effects in perception: tendencies to organize visual input similarly to preceding context stimuli (i.e., hysteresis, attraction) co-exist with tendencies that repel the current percept from the organization that is most dominant in these contextual stimuli (i.e., adaptation, repulsion). These processes have been studied mostly on a group level (e.g., Schwiedrzik et al., 2014). Using a Bayesian hierarchical model comparison approach, the present study ( N = 75) investigated whether consistent individual differences exist in these attractive and repulsive temporal context effects, with multistable dot lattices as stimuli. In addition, the temporal stability of these individual differences in context effects was investigated, and it was studied how the strength of these effects related to the strength of individual biases for absolute orientations. The results demonstrate that large individual differences in the size of attractive and repulsive context effects exist. Furthermore, these individual differences are highly consistent across timepoints (one to two weeks apart). Although almost everyone showed both effects in the expected direction, not every single individual did. In sum, the study reveals differences in how individuals combine previous input and experience with current input in their perception, and more generally, this teaches us that different individuals can perceive identical stimuli differently, even within a similar context.
Jejunal perforation after a trivial trauma: A case report
Authors: Chophel Thukten , Tshering Sangay , Dorji Namkha
Published: July 2022

Jejunal perforation after a trivial trauma is a rare event. We present a case of a 23-year-old man, a truck driver who suffered jejunal perforation following a jump from the Indian jumbo truck, approximately 2 m height from the ground. This case report highlights the importance of careful evaluation of a symptomatic patient after a trivial injury, and the challenges faced by surgeons in the low recourse-setting.
Feminized Virus: A Content Analysis of Social Media’s Representation of HPV Vaccine
Authors: Li Yiwei , Guo Yu , Lin Hong
Published: July 2022

Attempting to explore social media’s role in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination campaign, the present study concentrated on Weibo, the most popular microblogging service in China, and examined HPV vaccine-related information in 1,221 posts shared within 1½ years, during the time of which two key HPV vaccines were officially launched in the market in mainland China. Results of quantitative content analysis suggested an inadequate and unbalanced framework for the representation of HPV vaccination. More specifically, a majority of information came from non-expert sources; following the extended parallel process model (EPPM), the present study found that comparing with susceptibility and severity of HPV infection, HPV vaccine efficacy tends to be more emphasized with a recommending tone; in the meantime, from a gender perspective, messages on Weibo demonstrated the tendency of gender imbalance, that is, women’s responsibility for preventing sexually transmitted diseases is much more highlighted than men’s, raising concerns over gender inequality in responding to HPV infection.
‘Lockdown probation leaders’ and Fundamental Human Needs
Authors: Herzog-Evans Martine , Sturgeon John
Published: July 2022

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 disrupted lives across the globe and nations were suddenly forced to adapt in conditions that were unprecedented, uncertain and life-threatening. Nations responded by closing borders and ordering their citizens to work from home, forcing organisations and those working in them to find new ways of carrying out their core functions in conditions of disorientation, isolation, competing demands and in some cases, fear. The extent to which organisations were able to negotiate the crisis would depend on how their managers responded to their staff. This study draws on an analysis of semi-structured interviews with 26 Scottish Criminal Justice Social Workers and managers which took place during the national lockdown of March–June 2020. Drawing on theories of leadership and self-determination theory, the findings reveal that good managers at such a time of crisis are servant leaders who prioritise the fundamental human needs of their staff and reduce their level of uncertainty.
The Changing Nature of Telehealth Use by Primary Care Physicians in the United States
Authors: Callaghan Timothy , McCord Carly , Washburn David , Goidel Kirby , Schmit Cason , Nuzhath Tasmiah , Spiegelman Abigail , Scobee Julia
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth utilization was growing slowly and steadily, although differentially across medical specialties in the United States. The pandemic dramatically expanded physician use of telehealth, but our understanding of how much telehealth use has changed in primary care in the United States, the correlates of physician telehealth uptake, and the frequency with which primary care physicians intend to use telehealth after the pandemic are unknown. This paper is designed to assess these important questions.

Methods:

Using data from an original national survey of 625 primary care physicians conducted from May 14 to May 25, 2021, we investigate the frequency of physician telehealth use before and during the pandemic and intended use after the pandemic. We also assess the correlates of changes in telehealth use by physicians, comparing telehealth use before the pandemic to use during and after the pandemic.

Results:

The proportion of primary care physicians using telehealth often, jumped from 5.3% (95% CI 3.5, 7.0) before the pandemic to 46.2% (95% CI 42.3, 50.2) during the pandemic. More importantly, over 70% of physicians intended to use telehealth at least occasionally after the pandemic compared to just 18.7% before, with younger physicians, physicians without telehealth training in medical school, and Asian physicians most likely to increase their telehealth use long-term.

Discussion:

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred expansion in telehealth use by primary care physicians that will continue to shape care delivery well beyond the pandemic. Policy change could be needed to facilitate this growth of telehealth long-term.
Nurses’ Clinical Decision-Making in a Changed COVID-19 Work Environment: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Laugesen Britt , Albrechtsen Maja Thomsen , Grønkjær Mette , Kusk Kathrine Hoffmann , Nielsen Marie Germund , Jørgensen Lone , Pedersen Birgith , Lerbæk Birgitte , Haslund-Thomsen Helle , Thorup Charlotte Brun , Jacobsen Sara , Bundgaard Karin , Voldbjerg Siri Lygum
Published: July 2022

This study aims to explore how a changed COVID-19 work environment influences nurses’ clinical decision-making. Data were collected via three focus groups totaling 14 nurses working in COVID-19 pandemic wards at a Danish university hospital. The factors influencing decision-making are described in three themes; navigating in a COVID-19 dominated context, recognizing the importance of collegial fellowship, and the complexities of feeling competent. A strong joint commitment among the nurses to manage critical situations fostered a culture of knowledge-sharing and drawing on colleagues’ competencies in clinical decision-making. It is important for nurse leaders to consider multiple factors when preparing nurses not only to work in changing work environments, but also when nurses are asked to work in environments and specialties that deviate from their usual routines.