bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of responsibilities according to the teachings of I. Kant
Authors: Popovych T.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the species classification of obligations according to I. Kant`s doctrine. It has been studied that all obligations, in I. Kant`s opinion, can be or legal or moral. The German thinker divides obligations based on the following criteria. The first criterion is the objective attitude of the law to the obligation. These are perfect and imperfect obligations, which include the obligation to oneself and the obligation to others. The second criterion for the division of obligations is the subjective attitude to the obligated subject.

The author emphasizes that the thinker also identifies the possibility of dividing the human obligations to oneself on the basis of objective and subjective criteria. According to objective criteria, obligations can be negative or positive. Negatives are those that mean only moral self-preservation. Positive obligations lead to self-improvement. According to subjective criterion, Kant divides obligations into those which concern only the human animal nature and those which concern man as a moral being.

The article also draws attention to the philosopher's classification of human obligations to others into several subgroups: human obligations to others only as people; human obligations to others out of respect for them, which they deserve; human obligations to others in terms of their position. Human obligations to others only as to people are concentrated by the thinker around the phenomena of love and respect. Human obligations to others out of respect for them, which they deserve, are reciprocal, that is, the person, on the one hand, can demand respect from others, and on the other hand, this person must treat others with respect. Human obligations s to others in terms of their position should be seen not so much as obligations, but as rules that change depending on the subjects of the principle of virtue to the cases that occur in experience.
Sitios sagrados: Configuraciones simbólicas del On y rituales agrícolas en las islas Yaeyama
Authors: Olmedo Espinoza Bernardo
Published: December 2021

Las islas Yaeyama, localizadas al suroeste del archipiélago de Ryukyu, Japón, presentan una gran variedad de rituales y festividades dedicados a las deidades (kami) de los sitios sagrados comunales (utaki/On). Estos eventos anuales, vinculados con el ciclo agrícola, son realizados con base en organizaciones sociales específicas, y tienen la finalidad de agradecer por los cultivos, pedir por la salud, y asegurar la fertilidad para el año venidero. A través de estos actos, se desdoblan una serie de consideraciones y principios vinculados a una visión del mundo y un sistema de creencias, los cuales son percibidos a través de concepciones del espacio y el tiempo, así como formas simbólicas expresadas en la composición del sitio sagrado.
El kagura "Izanami Izanagi no tsuremai" del santuario de Tamashiki
Authors: Gómez Gómez Sara
Published: December 2021

Más allá del análisis filológico e histórico de fuentes como el Kojiki y el Nihongi, se puede abordar el estudio de la mitología japonesa desde la antropología y la etnología. Es por ello que, para obtener una visión más completa de figuras mitológicas como Izanami e Izanagi, una aproximación a su presencia en algunos matsuri y danzas kagura puede ser de interés.

En este trabajo se expone una relación y descripción tanto de los materiales audiovisuales como de los resultados obtenidos en el trabajo de campo realizado el 5 de mayo de 2018 en el santuario Tamashiki (Kazo, Saitama), en la celebración del shunki taisai (festival de primavera), entre cuyos kagura se representaba el pasaje mítico del matrimonio entre Izanami e Izanagi, bajo el título de Izanagi Izanami no tsuremai.
Analysis and synthesis of function data of human movement
Authors: Ma Yunlong , Sharaf Sanaa
Published: December 2021

The article proposes a human motion capture method based on operational data. The thesis first uses the human body wear system to perform functional processing on the captured periodic motion data, and then extracts the data sequence for the few motions. Thereafter, the classification of the vector calculation method is carried out according to the characteristics of periodic data. Through experimental research, it is found that the functional data analysis (FDA) algorithm proposed in the thesis can accurately identify human motion behaviour, and the automatically collected data has a recognition rate that is as high as 98.9%. Therefore, we have concluded that the human body data functional analysis algorithm has higher recognition accuracy than the traditional optical capture system. Thus, it is worthy of further research and discussion.
Enterprise Financial Characteristics and Corporate Social Responsibility Costs of Oil and Gas Businesses in Nigeria
Authors: Ugbor Rapheal Oluchukwu , Inyiama Oliver Ikechukwu , Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi , Inyiama Ethel Chinakpude
Published: December 2021

This work evaluated the effect of entity characteristics on company social responsibility costs of oil and gas firms in Nigeria for 2010 - 2019. The independent variables of the study and measures of firm characteristics are total assets, total sales, financial leverage and firm age while the independent variable is corporate social responsibility. A sample of three firms was selected out of a population of eleven oil and gas businesses on the Nigeria Stock Exchange during the period. Supporting data were obtained from the selected firms and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Findings from the analysis suggest that both total assets and total sales positively and significantly affect the corporate social responsibility costs of the firms. It was also found that financial leverage positively and insignificantly affects the corporate social responsibility costs of the firms. Finding further reveals that firm age negatively and insignificantly affects corporate social responsibility costs of the firms. In the light of the findings, it was recommended that the firm managers should invest in assets especially long-term assets that will yield future streams of returns for their firms. This is because investment in assets improves production and promotes the corporate social responsibility performance of the firms. It was also recommended that the firm managers should promote their products through various product promotion channels as total sales boast firm profitability and promote corporate social responsibility performance. It was further recommended that the firm managers should increase the proportion of debts in their firms’ capital structure. It was finally recommended that firm managers should use a modern approach while implementing their corporate social responsibility programs as opposed to the old style.
The Brand Effect: A Case Study in Taiwan Second-Hand Smartphone Market
Authors: Wang Guan-Yuan
Published: December 2021

Since the smartphone market is an oligopoly market structure, consumer purchase intention is usually driven by brand preference. This research analyses the customer-to-customer market of second-hand smartphones, pointing out how the brand factor affects the consumers’ purchasing behaviour. It is found that the recovery value and life cycle of Apple smartphones are higher and longer than those of other brands. Moreover, the recovery value of other brand smartphones is significantly driven by the debut date of the Apple smartphones, implicitly forming a consumption cycle. In addition, through machine learning models, the predictability for the recovery value is able to reach 93.55%.
Rapid Public-Private Partnership Deployment in Kazakhstan: Enablers and Implications
Authors: Mouraviev Nikolai
Published: December 2021

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are a relatively new phenomenon in Kazakh-stan – their development began in 2005 in the transport and energy sectors. Initially sluggish growth transformed into rapid PPP deployment from 2016 to 2019 when hundreds of PPPs were launched in many industries (infrastructure, hospitals, schools), which was in sharp contrast to just a handful of PPPs formed prior to 2016. Rapid PPP deployment raised deep concerns whether the government’s supporting schemes and PPP launch procedures are appropriate and whether they may backfire for the government in the form of increasing debt. This paper aims to investigate the enablers and implications of accelerated PPP formation. The study is based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with a range of actors in the field, including PPP operators (railroad, energy company, kindergarten), regional and local governments, national and regional PPP centres, lawyers and private investors, which afforded an opportunity to mitigate bias in opinions. The study has identified three principal enablers: simplified procedures for a PPP launch, pressure exerted on regional governments, and extensive government financial support to PPPs. By making use of agency theory, property rights theory and the value-for-money concept, the paper offers a conceptualisation of rapid PPP growth in Kazakhstan in recent years and argues that growth was disproportionally fast and unintended. Policy implications include a need to re-establish the value-for-money approach to PPP formation, a significant increase in government liabilities to PPPs, and a misconception regarding the role of PPP collaborative governance.
Mismatch of Policy Theory and Policy Practice in Eastern Europe: Cross-Sectoral Comparison of Croatian Policymaking
Authors: Petek Ana
Published: December 2021

The aim of the paper is to improve empirical policy theory by examining Eastern European policymaking, using Croatia as a case for analysis. Data sources are published studies that describe 11 sectors from diverse policy areas. The whole material was coded by the rules of qualitative content analysis. The results show 15 basic features of Croatian policymaking combined into six policymaking types: administrative, analytical, economic, external, incremental, and political. All detected policymaking types were successfully connected to several policy concepts, theories, frameworks, and approaches. The analysis revealed three points of theory-practice mismatch that are fruitful for theoretical improvements: the need for mainstreaming Europeanization and policy transfer into policy theory; the need to modify rationalistic approaches for more empirical studies on obstacles and barriers to rationality in policymaking; and the need for adapting actor-centered approaches for a more broad application and empirical research of policymaking in Eastern Europe.
Effects of seasonal changes and depth on growth parameters of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) on a shipwreck in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Şensurat-Genç Tuğçe , Karadal Onur , Oruç Adnan Çağlar , Özgül Aytaç , Lök Altan
Published: December 2021

The study was conducted between July 2018 and May 2020 to compare seasonal changes in growth parameters of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) at different depths in two different areas of the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea (Aegean Sea). In a preliminary study, mussels were placed in cages at different depths of an artificial reef (AR – shipwreck) and natural reef (NR). Temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were determined seasonally at both sites at a depth of 37 m (deepwater) and 25 m (midwater). Linear increases in length and width of mussels at the AR site were recorded, while no consistent changes were observed for mussels at the NR. There was negative correlation between the specific growth rate (SGR) and salinity (r2= 0.5098) and temperature (r2= 0.1470) at the AR site. Negative correlations were also recorded between pH and the commercial condition index (CCI) at both the AR (r2= 0.3869) and NR (r2= 0.3600) sites. Our findings show that depth had a significant effect (p< 0.05) on theCCIof mussels at the NR site, while its effect was insignificant for this index at the AR site (p> 0.05). This study indicates that natural reefs provide more suitable conditions for the growth of Mediterranean mussels than shipwrecks used as artificial reefs.
ANALISIS PENGUKURAN MINAT PENGGUNA APLIKASI PAYTREN DALAM PENGGUNAAN MOBILE PAYMENT DI ACEH
Authors: Evayani Evayani , Ariani Dini , Dinaroe Dinaroe
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the number of internet users and smartphones was increasing enormously in Indonesia. The development of the internet occurs rapidly and gives a significant influence on every aspect of life. The growing information technology allows people to easily perform various financial transactions by using mobile payments. This research aimed to examine the influence of mobility, compatibility, and trust toward the intention of users to use mobile payment. The research was conducted in Banda Aceh by taking samples of the PayTren users. The purposive sampling method was being used in gathering data and the main instrument of data collection was in the form of a questionnaire, which was being measured on a Likert scale. The data Samples were Banda Aceh inhabitants who use PayTren as their mobile payment platform. A total of 119 data were processed using SPSS and the analysis result of the model showed that mobility, compatibility, and trust affected the intention to use mobile payment PayTren.
METAL CUTTING IS IT STILL OF INTEREST TO ANYONE?
Authors:   Politehnica University of Timisoara, Mechanical Faculty, Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Timisoara, Roamnia, Pamintas Eugen , Banciu Felicia Veronica ,   Politehnica University of Timisoara, Mechanical Faculty, Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Timisoara, Roamnia
Published: December 2021

For almost 100 years, the phenomena in the metal cutting process have offered researchers in the field a wide range of research topics, and at the same time, as much satisfaction, both in terms of deepening theoretical knowledge, especially in terms of the practical results obtained. Interest in this field has declined dramatically, however, since the beginning of the third millennium. Has the cutting process reached the limits of knowledge by their exhaustion or has it become inefficient for industry compared to other new processes for manufacturing metallic, non-metallic materials and composites? Why is the field no longer as attractive to researchers? Here is what this paper tries to clarify and propose to researchers in the field to reinvent the approach of the cutting process, as an incomplete explored and still excellent perspective, not only for the manufacturing industry, but also for the theoretical foundations of the cutting phenomenon.
EFFECT OF CUTTING PARAMETERS ON CUTTING FORCES IN TURNING OF CPM 10V STEEL
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Production Engineering, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Aleksić Anđelko , Sekulić Milenko ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Production Engineering, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Gostimirović Marin ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Production Engineering, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Rodić Dragan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Production Engineering, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Savković Borislav ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Production Engineering, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Antić Aco ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Production Engineering, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: December 2021

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of cutting parameters on cutting forces during turning of CPM 10V steel with coated cutting tool. Machining of CPM 10V steel and finding a suitable tool is very challenging due to its physical and mechanical properties, especially since the machining of this material has not been extensively researched. The experiments were carried out using an Index GU -600 CNC lathe and the cutting forces were measured in process. A three-factorial three-level experimental design was used for the experiments. Statistical method analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to study the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on cutting forces. The results of this study show that depth of cut has the most significant effect on main force and radial force, while feed rate and cutting speed have the most significant effect on feed force. The developed model can be used in the machining industry to predict and analyze cutting parameters for optimal cutting forces.
POCUS Evaluation in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Hoytfox Vanessa , Ward Brittney , Cox Emily , Zhang Kang
Published: December 2021

Acute kidney injury is a common clinical problem encountered in general internal medicine. The evaluation of acute kidney injury is mainly driven by the patient’s clinical history, physical exam and basic urinary/laboratory investigation. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) may be a useful tool to help clinicians to narrow and/or prioritize differential diagnosis in patients presenting with acute kidney injury. Here we present a case of a 67-year old male presenting with dysuria, fevers, and flank pain along with elevation in serum creatinine who was admitted for acute kidney injury secondary to complicated urinary tract infection. Subsequent renal POCUS showed bilateral anechoic fluid collection within the renal sinus with dilated calyces suggestive of bilateral hydronephrosis most likely due to a new diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. This case demonstrates the use of POCUS added valuable diagnostic information and therapeutic management for this patient presenting with acute kidney injury.
Text-based Steganography using Huffman Compression and AES Encryption Algorithm
Authors: Ali Rawaa Hamza , Kadhim Jamal Mohamed
Published: December 2021

In every system of security, to keep important data confidential, we need a high degree of protection. Steganography can be defined as a way of sending confidential texts through a secure medium of communications as well as protecting the information during the process of transmission. Steganography is a technology that is used to protect users' security and privacy. Communication is majorly achieved using a network through SMS, e-mail, and so on. The presented work suggested a technology of text hiding for protecting secret texts with Unicode characters. The similarities of glyphs  provided invisibility and increased the hiding capacity. In conclusion, the proposed method succeeded in securing confidential data and achieving high payload capacity by using the Huffman compression algorithm, which was implemented on an unlimited text length. In addition, this approach has the ability to hide a single bit in every digit or letter in the cover file. Also, the approach meets the cognitive transparency and does not make the modifications apparent on the original data. The method suggested in this work increases the security level through coding a secret message before embedding it within the cover text, with the use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm.
EFFECTIVITY OF 50% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS TEA LEAVES AS HAND ANTISEPTIC
Authors: Oktaviana Monica , Prihadi Johannes C , Moehario Lucky H.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: : Practicing hand hygiene is a way to control an infection. The recent COVID-19 pandemic, hand hygiene has become the necessity. Using antiseptic which contain chemical active ingredients causes skin problem. Camellia sinensis is a natural ingredient which its antimicrobial properties is due to the presence of catechin. The study was aimed to determine the effectivity of ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves as hand antiseptic.

Methods: This research was a comparative experimental analytic to 32 respondents conducted in the Microbiology Laboraroty of Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences–Atma Jaya Jakarta Catholic University of Indonesia. Sampling was carried out by taking bacterial swabs on the right palms. Followed by dilution using serial dilution method and inoculated onto nutrient agar using the spread plate technic. After incubation at 37oC overnight the bacterial colonies were calculated using colony counter within a range of 30-300 colonies per plate. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney was used for data analysis.

Results: The total number of bacterial colonies after sanitizing using 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves was reduced by 55.04% (p=0.003). Meanwhile, 70% alcohol curb the bacterial colonies by 76.84% (p=0.000). The comparison of the effectivity of 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensistea leaves versus 70%  alcohol as hand antiseptic was insignificance (p=0.300).

Conclusion: 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves showed activity against hand’s microorganisms. However, the percentages of Camellia sinensis extract might be increased so as to achieve the effectivity of 70% alcohol.
Sunflower hybrid Status
Authors:   Don experimental sattion – a branch of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Gorbachenko O.F. , Usatenko T.V. ,   Don experimental sattion – a branch of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Luchkina N.S. ,   Don experimental sattion – a branch of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Zhitnik N.A. ,   Don experimental sattion – a branch of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Burlyaeva E.G. ,   Don experimental sattion – a branch of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Gorbachenko V.D. ,   Don experimental sattion – a branch of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops
Published: December 2021

The widespread saturation of crop rotations with sunflower crops contributed to the creation of favorable conditions for the emergence and wide distribution of new more aggressive races of broomrape, downy mildew and other pathogens of this crop. Sunflower varieties and hybrids resistant to previously common races have become severely affected. One of the ways to solve this problem is to develop sunflower hybrids resistant to new virulent races. The breeders had to combine high productivity and genes of resistance to new more aggressive races of broomrape and downy mildew in one genotype. The first stage of the work was development of a new breeding germplasm and selection of parental lines with breeding valuable traits from it. Based on these lines, there were developed hybrid combinations resistant to new highly virulent races of broomrape and downy mildew. The hybrid Status was developed by hybridization of a maternal line ED 47 and a paternal line ED 193. The maternal line ED 47 is single-headed, low height, resistant to the broomrape races: E, F, G, has a good combining ability. The paternal line ED 193 is branched, also resistant to broomrape (races E, F, G) and three races of downy mildew (330, 710, and 730). The hybrid Status belongs to the middle-early maturity group, duration of the growing season is 95 days. The average plant height over the years of testing was 140 cm; the plants are uniformed in height and the duration of the development phases. Seed yield of the hybrid Status exceeded the standard one (a hybrid Gorstar) by 0.25 t/ha, and oil yield – by 0.14 t/ha. The oil content of the seeds was 48.0%, the huskiness – 28.7%, the 1000 seeds weight – 60.6 g. The new hybrid is resistant to seven races of broomrape (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and three races of downy mildew (330, 710, and 730). A distinctive feature of it is resistance of both parent lines to broomrape. The originator of a simple interline sunflower hybrid Status is V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops.
Entelektüel Sermaye ve Örgütsel Özdeşleşme İlişkisi: Bir Kamu Spor Örgütü Araştırması
Authors: ÖZSARI Arif
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, entelektüel sermaye ve örgütsel özdeşleşme ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın evreni bir kamu spor örgütü çalışanlarını kapsamaktadır. Örneklem grubunu ise kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen ve araştırmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden 50 kadın, 139 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 189 iş gören oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri “entelektüel sermaye” ve “örgütsel özdeşleşme” ölçekleri ile toplanmış ve ilgili ölçeklere ilişkin doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada betimsel istatistiğin yanı sıra t testi ve Anova testlerine yer verilmiş olup, ilişkisel model kapsamında korelasyon ve regresyon analizlerine başvurulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda kamu spor örgütü çalışanlarının entelektüel sermaye düzeylerinin eğitim seviyesi ve kadro türü değişkenlerine göre anlamlı değişimler gösterdiği, örgütsel özdeşleşme düzeylerinin ise yaş ve eğitim seviyesi değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği bulgulanmıştır. Korelâsyon analizi sonucuna göre entelektüel sermayenin alt boyutlarından olan insan sermayesi ve yapısal sermaye ile örgütsel özdeşleşme arasında pozitif yönlü, ancak zayıf düzeyli bir ilgileşim tespit edilmiştir. Entelektüel sermayenin örgütsel özdeşleşme üzerine etkisini tespit etmek amacıyla regresyon analizi yapılmış ve entelektüel sermayenin örgütsel özdeşleşme üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı bulgulanmıştır. Örgütsel özdeşleşme değişkenini entelektüel sermaye ölçeği boyutları ile tahmin etmenin istatistiksel olarak güç olduğu da söylenebilir.
A model for the development of family identity among future teachers
Authors: Ёлкина Ксения Константиновна
Published: December 2021

В настоящее время все более остро встают вопросы, касающиеся различных аспектов идентичности личности. Процесс глобализации общества ведет к тому, что индивиду предоставляется более широкий выбор жизненных сценариев. Такое многообразие отрицательно влияет на восприятие индивидом себя как целостной единицы. Это явление носит название кризиса идентичности личности и встречается повсеместно. В качестве основных причин возникновения кризиса идентичности личности можно выделить следующие: угрозы ядерных и техногенных катастроф, моральная безответственность членов общества, пропаганда антисоциальных форм поведения СМИ и др. Исследователи также фиксируюткризис семьи в российском обществе, выражающийся в трансформации семьи и девальвации семейных ценностей: узаконивание однополых браков во многих странах Европы; увеличение количества женщин и мужчин, не вступавших в брак; снижение рождаемости вследствие ориентации на бездетность; увеличение количества неполных семей; рост числа детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей и т.д. В данной статье раскрыта актуальность проблемы формирования семейной идентичности у будущих педагогов. Представлено описание теоретической разработки модели развития семейной идентичности студентов педагогических направлений подготовки. Раскрыто содержание блоков модели: концептуального, содержательного, организационно-деятельностного, технологического и результативно-диагностического.

Currently, questions concerning various aspects of personal identity are becoming more and more
acute. The process of globalization of society leads to the fact that the individual is given a wider choice of life
scenarios. Such diversity negatively affects the individual's perception of himself as an integral unit. This
phenomenon is called the identity crisis of the individual and is found everywhere. The following can be identified
as the main causes of the identity crisis: threats of nuclear and man-made disasters, moral irresponsibility of
members of society, propaganda of antisocial forms of media behavior, etc. Researchers also record the crisis
of the family in Russian society, expressed in the transformation of the family and the devaluation of family
values: the legalization of same-sex marriages in many European countries; an increase in the number of women
and men who did not marry; a decrease in the birth rate due to orientation to childlessness; an increase in the
number of single-parent families; the increase in the number of children left without parental care, etc. This article
reveals the relevance of the problem of the formation of family identity among future teachers. A description of
the theoretical development of a model for the development of family identity of students of pedagogical training
areas is presented. The content of the model blocks is disclosed: conceptual, substantive, organizational and
activity, technological and performance-diagnostic
Changes in Hepatic Metabolism of Rattus norvegicus Infected to Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda) and Exposed to Glyphosate-Based Herbicide
Authors:   Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, BV Braga , JS Garcia ,   Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, RO Simões ,   Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, JSP Silva ,   Laboratório de Fisiologia das Relações Parasitárias, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, LS Castro ,   Laboratório de Fisiologia das Relações Parasitárias, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, CH Silva ,   Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Júnior A Maldonado ,   Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Published: December 2021

Helminth infection associated with exposure to pesticides has received little attention regarding its effect on the human population and on farm and wild animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects a glyphosate-based herbicide on the hepatic and glycemic metabolism of Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Experimental groups were orally infected with 50 L3 larvae of A. cantonensis and exposed to the herbicide after and before the infection. Biochemical serum analyses were carried out to determine the levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin (TB), total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose and hepatic glycogen. All exposed groups showed an increase in the concentration of glycogen, AST, ALT and TB, the last ones suggesting liver tissue damage. Exposure to the herbicide caused hyperalbuminemia as an antioxidant response to the herbicide. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how glyphosate-based herbicides can change the hepatic metabolism the vertebrate and to influence the parasite-host relationship.
A Binuclear Cobalt Complex for Molecular CO2 Electrocatalysis
Authors: Bohn Antoine , Moreno Juan José , Thuéry Pierre , Robert Marc , Rivada Wheelaghan Orestes
Published: December 2021

A pyrazole–based ligand substituted with terpyridine groups at the 3 and 5positions has been synthesized to form the dinuclear cobalt complex 1, that electrocatalytically reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of Brønsted acids in DMF. Chemical, electrochemical and UV–vis spectro–electrochemical studies under inert atmosphere indicate a single 2 electron reduction process of complex 1 at first, followed by a 1 electron reduction at the ligand. Infrared spectro–electrochemical studies under CO2 and CO atmosphere allowed us to identify a reduced CO–containing dicobalt complex which results from the electroreduction of CO2. In the presence of trifluoroethanol (TFE), electrocatalytic studies revealed single–site mechanism with up to 94 % selectivity towards CO formation when 1.47 M TFE were present, at –1.35 V vs Saturated Calomel Electrode in DMF (0.39 V overpotential). The low faradaic efficiencies obtained (<50%) are attributed to the generation of CO–containing species formed during the electrocatalytic process, which inhibit the reduction of CO2.
Water chemistry and not urbanization influences community structure of non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea) in northern Belgium
Authors: Cours Marie , Vanaverbeke Jan , Parmentier Koen , Knockaert Marc , Higuti Janet , Martens Koen , Schön Isa
Published: December 2021

Urbanization is one of the major causes of the destruction of natural habitats in the world. Cities are urban heat islands and can thus significantly influence populations of plants and animals. The research project SPEEDY investigated the effects of urbanization in northern Belgium with a nested sampling design at local and landscape scales for a variety of organisms. Here, we tested the effects of urbanization on non-marine ostracod communities, sampling 81 small pools in three urbanization categories, as defined by percentage built up cover (low, intermediate, high). We identified 17 ostracod species, together occurring in 60 of the 81 sampled pools. We found that urbanization per se had no significant effect on ostracod communities. Of all the measured local factors, ammonium and total phosphorus concentrations had a significant effect on the community structure. In contrast, water temperature had no significant effect, most likely because the ostracod species found in northern Belgium in the present survey mostly have wide temperature tolerances.
Decrase in cerebral blood flow during maximal handgrip isometric contraction – a brief report
Authors: Hadžić Vedran , Ružić Lana , Matković Branka , Žvan Bojana , Štuhec Stanko , Zaletel Marjan , Čoh Milan
Published: December 2021

Findings of the studies on the relationship between isometric handgrip contraction and changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are contradictory. The aim of the study was to evaluate CBF changes during one minute of a maximal handgrip isometric contraction. Our main hypothesis was that the maximal handgrip test will cause a decrease in CBF
related to the decrease in handgrip strength. The study protocol included a transcranial Doppler ultrasound measurement of middle cerebral arterial mean flow velocity (Vmean) with the concomitant measurement of the sustained maximal handgrip strength over a period of one minute in 12 healthy subjects of both sexes. The main findings indicate that a maximal handgrip exercise causes a significant decrease in cerebral blood flow that is slightly more prominent on the contralateral side. This decrease is accompanied by a significant but transient increase in heart rate and also by an important (16%) increase in mean arterial pressure. The maximal isometric contraction may result in an considerable decrease in cerebral blood flow that in certain cases may become even clinically relevant. In the light of our findings, we suggest that maximal isometric contractions should be better avoided as a therapeutic tool and that
isometric exercises of intensities up to 60% of maximal voluntary contraction
are better used.
PERAN BADAN PERMUSYAWARATAN DESA DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN DESA
Authors: Malik Sofyan
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini berujuan untuk mengkaji peran Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) terhadap pemerintahan desa dan faktor-faktor apa yang menghambat peran Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) terhadap pemerintahan desa di Desa Labuang. Keberadaan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) dalam pemerintahan desa adalah bukti keterlibatan masyarakat. Hal ini sejalan dengan tujuan utama pembentukan lembaga badan permusyawaratan desa yang disingkat BPD yang pada dasarnya adalah penjelmaan dari segenap warga masyarakat dan merupakan lembaga tinggi desa yang mampu memeperhatikan kepentingan masyarakat di sebuah wilayah khususnya pada sebua desa. Penelitian ini adalah tipe penelitian deskripitif yaitu suatu penelitian yang menggambarkan fenomena-fenomena tentang suatu tata laksana kerjasama BPD dengan Kepala desa, dengan demikian pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BPD di Desa Labuang Kecamatan Namrole Kabupaten Buru Selatan  belum dapat menjalankan perannya secara optimal disebabkan sumber daya manusia anggota BPD  masih  rendah,  khususnya  dalam  bidang pendidikan  sehingga  dalam menjalankan  peran  dan  fungsinya  BPD  tidak  mengerti  apa  yang  harus dilakukan  terkait  dengan  fungsi  kontrol  dan  fungsi  pengawasan  yang menjadi  kewenangannya  dalam  mengontrol  dan  mengawasi  kinerja pemerintah desa/kepala desa, anggaran operasional BPD sangat  minim serta sarana dan prasarana BPD sangat tidak memadai dan tidak memiliki kantor sendiri  sehingga  dalam   menjalankan  tugasnya, anggota  BPD yang tidak secara aktif mensosialisasikan sebuah peraturan desa.

 
PENGESAMPINGAN PERKARA DEMI KEPENTINGAN UMUM PASCAPUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI
Authors: Triwati Ani
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengesampingan perkara demi kepentingan umum pascaputusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 29/PUU-XIV/2016. Mengesampingkan perkara demi kepentingan umum sebagai pelaksanaan asas oportunitas diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2004 tentang Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Pasal 35 huruf c, merupakan kewenangan jaksa agung. Pengujian Pasal 35 huruf c Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2004 tentang Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar telah diputus Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Putusan Nomor 29/PUU-XIV/2016. Permasalahan difokuskan pada bagaimana pengenyampingan perkara demi kepentingan umum sebagai pelaksanaan asas oportunitas dalam penuntutan dan bagaimana pengesampingan perkara demi kepentingan umum pascaputusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 29/PUU-XIV/2016. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan spesifikasi penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif analitis. Pengesampingan perkara demi kepentingan umum sebagai pelaksanaan asas oportunitas dalam penuntutan, memberikan pilihan pada jaksa penuntut umum untuk menuntut perkara tersebut atau mengesampingkannya sehingga tidak dilakukan penuntutan. Mengesampingkan perkara demi kepentingan umum berdasarkan Pasal 35 huruf c Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2004 tentang Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia berikut Penjelasannya hanya dapat dilakukan oleh jaksa agung setelah memperhatikan saran dan pendapat dari badan-badan kekuasaan negara yang mempunyai hubungan dengan masalah tersebut. Pengesampingan perkara demi kepentingan umum pascaputusan Mahkamah  Konstitusi Nomor 29/PUU-XIV/2016, dapat dilakukan jaksa agung setelah kewajiban memperhatikan saran dan pendapat dari badan-badan kekuasaan negara yang mempunyai hubungan dengan masalah tersebut (perkara yang ditangani) dilaksanakan.
EFEKTIVITAS RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG PENGHAPUSAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL SEBAGAI HUKUM POSITIF DALAM PERSPEKTIF VIKTIMOLOGI
Authors: Angkasa Angkasa , Windiasih Rili , Juanda Ogiandhafiz
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mereview Rancangan Undang-Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual (RUUPKS) dalam perspektif Viktimologi dengan titik berat pada perlindungan hukum dan perhatian hukum terhadap korban akibat kekerasan seksual. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan melalui  library research dengan sumber data sekunder berupa RUU PKS dan bahan referensi terkait. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukan bahwa RUU PKS sangat berorientasi terhadap korban. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan  banyaknya hak-hak korban maupun  keluarga korban serta perhatian hukum terhadap korban. Hak-hak korban dinyatakan secara tegas pada Pasal 22 hingga Pasal 31 RUU PKS. Perhatian Hukum terhadap korban terdapat dalam konsidertan hingga pasal demi pasal dengan adanya regulasi yang mewajibkan serta melarang aparat penegak hukum yang meliputi penyidik, jaksa penuntut umum hingga hakim. Selain itu juga terdapat aturan tentang pasrtisipasi masyarakat untuk ikut serta mencegah terjadinya kekerasan seksual hingga melakukan bantuan secara sosial terhadap korban kekerasan seksual. Namun demikian RUU PKS diprediksi sangat berat untuk dapat efektif mencapai tujuan dikarenakan besarnya dana yang dubutuhkan dalam rangka untuk membentuk Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu beserta pelaksanaan tugasnya.  Untuk itu maka komitmen pemerintah dalam penyediaan dana untuk mendukung sepenuhnya maksud dibuat nya UU PKS menjadi sangat urgen.

 
MODEL PENYELESAIAN PERSELISIHAN PERKAWINAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ADAT DAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Marwa Muhammad Habibi Miftakhul
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis konsep hukum perkawinan dan model penyelesaian perselisihan perkawinan untuk menghindari perceraian perspektif hukum adat dan hukum Islam. Prinsip utama dilakukan perkawinan adalah untuk mewujudkan kebahagiaan selama-lamanya bukan sementara. Perselisihan rumah tangga yang tidak segera diselesaikan menjadi salah satu pemicu terjadinya perceraian. Akibat perceraian akan menimbulkan problematika terhadap anak, harta selama perkawinan, dan status salah satu bekas suami-istri menjadi janda atau duda. Artikel ini secara spesifik fokus menganalisis bagaimana konsep perkawinan dan model penyelesaian perselisihan perkawinan menurut hukum adat dan hukum Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Hukum perkawinan adat berpedoman pada pandangan hidup masyarakat adat yang dicerminkan pada sistem kekeluargaan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat tersebut. Sedangkan, pelaksanaan hukum perkawinan Islam berdasarkan sumber hukum Islam. Perkawinan dalam hukum adat dan hukum Islam dimaksudkan untuk mewujudkan keluarga yang bahagia dan kekal abadi. Setiap terjadi perselisihan perkawinan dianjurkan untuk segera diselesaikan supaya tidak mengganggu keharmonisan rumah tangga yang dapat mengakibatkan putusnya perkawinan. (2) Model penyelesaian perselisihan perkawinan dalam hukum adat dan hukum Islam diutamakan diselesaikan melalui musyawarah untuk mufakat. Mekanisme pelaksanaan musyawarah untuk damai dalam hukum adat dilakukan terlebih dahulu oleh para pihak yang berselisih dibantu keluarga. Apabila tidak berhasil dimintakan bantuan kepada tokoh adat dan kepala desa yang dianggap memilik kewenangan dan otoritas lebih dalam penyelesaian sengketa. Sedangkan model penyelesaian perselisihan perkawinan menurut hukum Islam ialah melalui musyawarah, mediasi dan mengangkat hakam.
Gambaran pemanfaatan buku kesehatan ibu dan anak (KIA) oleh ibu hamil trimester iii tentang persiapan persalinan di Puskesmas Tempel 1
Authors: Herfanda Esitra , Subiyatun Sri
Published: December 2021

Kualitas pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak (KIA) merupakan salah satu faktor yg mempengaruhi terjadinya kematian ibu dan bayi. Hasil penelitian Riskesdas tahun 2013 secara nasional buku KIA saat ini belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal, ibu yang memiliki buku KIA (80,8%) namun yang bisa menunjukan ketenaga kesehatan (40,4%), yang tidak memiliki buku KIA (19,2%). Puskesmas Tempel 1 merupakan Puskesmas dengan rata-rata kunjungan  200-250 orang/har. Hasil studi pendahuluan didapatkan jumlah rata-rata kunjungan  ibu hamil sebanyak 100 orang/bulan, setelah dilakukan wawancara kepada 5 ibu hamil yang melakukan ANC, semua ibu hamil membawa buku KIA dan membaca secara sepintas. Ibu yang mengetahu isi dan memanfaatkan buku KIA 1 orang dan 4 orang ibu hamil kurang mengetahui isi dan memanfaatkan buku KIA.  Tujuan dari kegiatan ini mengetahui gambaran pemanfaatan buku KIA oleh ibu hamil di Puskesmas  Tempel 1. Desain penelitian  ini adalah deskriftif kuantitatif. Teknik sampling adalah purposif sampling, besar sampel 60 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat ukur dan analisa data menggunakan univariat. Hasilnya Gambaran pemanfaatan buku KIA oleh ibu hamil di Puskesmas  Tempel 1 dari penggunaan sebanyak 60 responden (100%), pemanfaatan  informasi kesehatan sebanyak 60 responden (100%). Kesimpulan:Pemanfaatan buku KIA oleh ibu hamil di puskesmas Tempel 1 dari penggunaan dan pemanfaatan informasi kesehatan mengenai persiapan persalinan 100% positif
15-15-15 Gübresinin Kitosan ile Kaplanması ve Elde Edilen Toz Malzemelerin Karakterizasyonu
Authors: AYIK Bektaş , CAKMAK Yavuz Selim , KAYA Murat
Published: December 2021

Gübrelerin polimerler ile kaplanarak daha yavaş ve uzun süre salınımı hem ekonomik hem de çevre kirliliğinin önüne geçilmesi açısından son derece önemlidir. Atık kerevit kabuklarından üretilen kitosanın biyolojik orijinli ve çevre dostu olması nedeniyle mevcut çalışmada tercih edilmiş ve 15-15-15 gübresinin kaplanması amaçlı kullanılmıştır. Kitosan ile 15-15-15 gübresinin kaplanması için çapraz bağlayıcı olarak glutaraldehit kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada farklı konsantrasyonlarda gübrelerin kaplanması denenmiş ve bu sayede kitosanın 15-15-15 gübresini taşıma kapasitesi belirlenmiştir. Kaplama sonrası üretilen toz örnekler fourier dönüşümlü kızıl ötesi spektrometresi (FT-IR), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Ardından kaplama yapılan gübrelerin toprakta günlere bağlı olarak bozunma yüzdeleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen tüm sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, glutaraldehit ile çapraz bağlananmış kitosan–15-15-15 gübre formülasyonunun tarım ve bahçecilik uygulamalarında pratik olarak kullanılabileceği ortaya konmuştur.
NATIONAL SECURITY, LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY AND IRRESPONSIBILITY: PROBLEMS OF THE MECHANISM OF INTERACTION AND SYSTEMIC RELATIONS
Authors: Lipinsky Dmitriy , Makareyko Nikolay , Musatkina Aleksandra , Fomin Aleksey , Stankin Alexey , Chuklova Elena
Published: December 2021

The monograph is devoted to a relatively new direction in legal science - the theory of national security and its legal support. National security is considered from the point of view of its mechanism and legal provision in connection with legal responsibility and irresponsibility. The work identifies the place, importance and role of legal responsibility with legal security in the national security mechanism, as well as the threats posed by legal irresponsibility to the normal functioning of society and the state. System links between these phenomena are investigated.
The book is addressed to researchers, students of legal fields of training, graduate students, undergraduates, as well as all persons interested in issues of national security and legal responsibility.
Ethnic factor in the formation and development of federal relations
Authors: Salomatin Alexey , Makeeva Natal'ya , Nakvakina Ekaterina , Koryakina Angelina
Published: December 2021

In today's turbulent world, ethnic contradictions naturally intensify. They are nourished both by the just desire of ethnic groups for self-determination and ethnic egocentrism. When analyzing the influence of the ethnic factor on the world of federations, it is necessary to take into account both the traditional tools: the theories of primordialism, instrumentalism, constructivism, and the innovative ones proposed by the author's team: ethnolinguistic architecture and the cultural and religious structure of the federation. The publication is intended for students, undergraduates and teachers of legal, political science and historical fields of study, as well as for specialists in the field of public administration and anyone interested in the problems of state studies.
Modern problems of childhood and psychological assistance to the family: a methodological guide
Authors: Zinatullina Azalia , Ul'yanina Ol'ga , Lyubka Elena
Published: December 2021

The paper describes the most common socio-psychological problems of child-parent relations in a modern family. Effective psychotechnologies for providing psychological assistance to family members have been developed and presented, significantly expanding the methodological tools of psychologists. Practical recommendations for parents on the psychological aspects of upbringing and building effective communication with children have been formulated. Within the framework of bibliotherapy, it seems interesting to select fiction that contains answers to pressing questions and contributes to a more meaningful and conscious approach to life events happening to you. The content of teaching materials covers the main age periods of growing up children from 0 to 18 years old. The book is addressed primarily to parents and their children, psychologists and educators, as well as anyone interested in contemporary problems of childhood.