bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method for Extracting Fingerprint Feature of Communication Satellite Signal
Authors: Huang Kai , Guo Zhen , Ye Jun , Peng Yihang
Published: August 2022

Satellite communications have historically played a vital role in a variety of industries, including maritime communications. The marine communication environment is exceedingly complicated, and extracting the characteristics of communication equipment signals is difficult. This research proposes a method for extracting satellite signal fingerprint characteristics based on the maritime complex communication environment. To create the signal fingerprint feature vector, the marginal spectral entropy is determined using the HHT (Hilbert-Huang transform) time-frequency analysis approach. Furthermore, by merging the Mahalanobis distance approach with the EEMD (ensemble empirical mode decomposition) algorithm, this study enhances it. The improved EEMD algorithm decomposes the original signal using EEMD, calculates the Mahalanobis distance between each IMF (intrinsic mode function) component and the raw data, optimizes the adaptive threshold using MPA (marine predators algorithm), and then analyzes the IMF components and redundant IMF components. It was decided to eliminate superfluous IMF components. Finally, this article mimics the Iridium satellite signal. The results of the experiments suggest that using this strategy minimizes the computational cost of the next step in fingerprint feature extraction while ensuring the accuracy of signal fingerprint feature recognition.
Construction of Rural Governance Digital Driven by Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
Authors: Huang Ruolan
Published: July 2022

Rural governance relies on distinct geographical, population, and fundamental service attributes for deploying digital construction and operation modes. The digital platform for rural governance includes surveying, identifying, and fulfilling the demands through application-specific user interactions. This article discloses a Modular Data Representation Method (MDRM) for improving the data semantics in digital platforms. The proposed method improves the presentation, analysis, and interaction in the governance process through requirements-based intelligent processing. The processing is performed based on the data organization as recommended by the regression learning paradigm. In this paradigm, the forward regression for data representation and service delegations are linearly analyzed. Based on the processing, the service requirement is met with big data availability. Therefore, the representation recommendations and data-driven analysis are provided through digital platform implications, improving the service availability. This is consistently provided based on the regressive outputs for data analysis. Therefore, the proposed method’s performance is analyzed using the metrics analysis time, data processing rate, and unavailability.
Evaluation Model of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ability of Colleges and Universities Based on Improved BP Neural Network
Authors: Li Shixiao
Published: August 2022

Entrepreneurship education activities in colleges and universities play an important role in improving students’ innovation ability. Therefore, this paper has important practical value to evaluate the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of college students. At present, most studies use qualitative research methods, which is inefficient. Even if quantitative analysis is adopted, it is mostly linear analysis, which is inconsistent with the actual situation. In order to improve the application level of genetic algorithm to the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of universities based on BP neural network, this paper studies the evaluation model of innovation and entrepreneurship ability of universities. Based on the simple analysis of the current situation of university innovation and entrepreneurship ability evaluation and the application progress of BP neural network, combined with the actual situation of university innovation and entrepreneurship, this paper constructs the innovation and entrepreneurship evaluation index, uses BP neural network to build the evaluation model, and uses genetic algorithm to optimize and improve the shortcomings of BP neural network. Then, the experimental analysis and application design are carried out. The results show that the improved algorithm is basically consistent with the predicted value, small error, and fast convergence. When it is used in the evaluation of innovation and entrepreneurship ability, quantitative analysis results can be obtained, which provides a certain reference for the development of enterprises.
A Class of Symmetric Fractional Differential Operator Formed by Special Functions
Authors: Aldawish Ibtisam , Ibrahim Rabha W. , Obaiys Suzan J.
Published: August 2022

In light of a certain sort of fractional calculus, a generalized symmetric fractional differential operator based on Raina’s function is built. The generalized operator is then used to create a formula for analytic functions of type normalized. We use the ideas of subordination and superordination to show a collection of inequalities using the suggested differential operator. The new Raina’s operator is also used to the generalized kinematic solutions (GKS). Using the concepts of subordination and superordination, we provide analytic solutions for GKS. As a consequence, a certain hypergeometric function provides the answer. A fractional coefficient differential operator is also created. The geometric and analytic properties of the object are being addressed. The symmetric differential operator in a complex domain is shown to be a generalized fractional differential operator. Finally, we explore the characteristics of the Raina’s symmetric differential operator.
Purification, HR-LC-ESI-MS-MS Identification, and Peptide Prediction of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances Produced by Streptomyces sp. Isolated from Chanos chanos
Authors: Kurnianto Muhammad Alfid , Lioe Hanifah Nuryani , Chasanah Ekowati , Kusumaningrum Harsi Dewantari
Published: August 2022

Consumption of fresh and minimally processed food is closely related to foodborne diseases. To minimize the adverse effects, bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) as a natural preservative can be used. One of the bacteriocins with promising activity was produced by Streptomyces sp. Using gel filtration chromatography, the bacteriocin purification process succeeded in obtaining semi-purified fractions with broad-spectrum inhibitory activity to foodborne pathogen bacteria. These fractions are also stable up to 100 °C and pH 2.0–7.0. High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry analysis followed by orthogonal projection to latent structure showed that each fraction had eight peaks with the highest positive correlation to BLIS-specific activity. Peptide identification based on MS spectrum found 597 predictive peptides, of which 42 predictive peptides with antimicrobial peptide characteristics and the highest iAMPpred antimicrobial peptide probability (>0.5) were selected. The selected predictive peptides have molecular mass of 247.13-615.37 Da and consist of at least 20% hydrophobic amino acids with a hydrophobicity value of 14.72 Kcal mol-1. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of BLIS purification by gel filtration chromatography and the promising potential of semi-purified BLIS as a natural preservative. Besides, the active peptides in semi-purified BLIS can also be identified quickly so that the isolation process to obtain purified-BLIS can be carried out more efficiently.
Design and Implementation of a Hybrid Solar-Wind-Biomass Renewable Energy System considering Meteorological Conditions with the Power System Performances
Authors: Hossen Md Delwar , Islam Md Fokhrul , Ishraque Md Fatin , Shezan Sk. A. , Arifuzzaman S. M.
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a performance evaluation of an off-grid PV-wind-biomass hybrid energy system for a remote area named Kuakata in Bangladesh considering dispatch strategy-based control, power system response, and reliability analysis-based stability and feasibility study. The simulation and optimization of operations of the system have been done by the HOMER software using the real-time field data of solar radiation, wind speed, and biomass of that particular area for ensuring economical and environmental feasibility offering the least net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and CO2 emission. The result shows that NPC has been reduced by 88 percent, CO2 emissions have been reduced by 99 percent, the operating cost has been lowered by 99 percent, and COE has been reduced by 92 percent than another available work. Besides, in comparison to traditional power sources, COE has been reduced by 40 percent, NPC has been lowered by 90 percent, and CO2 emissions have been reduced by 99 percent. The proposed system has also been analyzed utilizing DIgSILENT PowerFactory software to find the power system responses, i.e., active, reactive powers, voltage, and frequency responses of the proposed microgrid in a per unit fashion on the occurrence of a three-phase fault. To establish the feasibility of the microgrid, a reliability study considering different reliability indices has also been done. The analyzed hybrid energy system might be applicable to other regions of the world where there are similar climatic conditions.
A Study of the Relationship between Blood Glucose and Serum Insulin in Acute Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Zhao Lei , Xiu Shuangling , Sun Lina , Mu Zhijing , Fu Junling
Published: August 2022

Objective. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between blood glucose and serum insulin with acute cerebrovascular disease. Methods. A total of 1548 patients with acute cerebrovascular illness and 364 patients with a normal physical examination who were admitted to our hospital (endocrinology department) between January 2017 and July 2020 were recruited. Patients with acute cerebrovascular illness were included in the experimental group, while healthy individuals after physical examinations were included in the control group. All patients’ blood glucose and serum insulin levels were measured, and the association of blood glucose and serum insulin with acute cerebrovascular illness was investigated. Results. Acute cerebrovascular disease is associated with significantly higher blood glucose and serum insulin levels versus healthy status (

P
<
0.05

). Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were observed to be significantly higher in the hemorrhagic stroke group than in the ischemic stroke or mild hemorrhagic group (

P
<
0.05

). Severe ischemic strokes were associated with significantly higher blood glucose levels versus mild ischemic strokes (

P
<
0.05

). There were no significant differences in serum insulin levels between the severe ischemic stroke group and the mild ischemic stroke group (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. A rise in blood glucose and serum insulin levels is associated with the incidence and prognosis of acute cerebrovascular disease, and it is positively correlated with the severity of the acute cerebrovascular disease.
Design of Personalized Push Algorithm of Hot Social News Based on User Interest Model
Authors: Qiujun Li
Published: August 2022

As a result of rapid advances in information technology, the volume of information on the Internet is expanding at a breakneck rate. The World Wide Web has evolved into a vast and intricate information space. People have shifted from information deficiency to information overload. The characteristics of Internet information are dispersion, disorder, and mass. A challenging research topic is how to quickly, accurately, and efficiently extract vital information from vast information resources. Web search is becoming one of the Internet field’s study centers and focal points. Traditional web search algorithms focus on the link structure of the web and the hierarchical weight of web pages while ignoring the behavior of users, resulting in some search results that are insufficient and inaccurate. In addition, because each web page's hub value and authority value are calculated iteratively, web search is inefficient and susceptible to dispersion and generalization. This study fully integrates the user’s interest behavior and relevant, intelligent optimization algorithms to address the shortcomings of the traditional World Wide Web search algorithm, based on a synthesis and analysis of relevant domestic and international research. A method of user interest model construction and update for news recommendation is proposed to address the problem of user interest model construction and user interest drift in the news recommendation system. Initially, the original user interest model is constructed using a bisection K-means clustering algorithm and a vector space model. Subsequently, the forgetting function is constructed using the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, and the user interest model is time-weighted to achieve the goal of updating the user interest model. User-based collaborative filtering recommendations and item-based collaborative filtering suggestions serve as the experiment’s baseline. The experimental results suggest that the recommendation performance of the original user interest model is enhanced, with the F value increasing by 4%. The modified model’s F value has increased by 1.3% compared to the previous version.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Alters Intratumoral CD8+ T-cell Subtype Composition and Activity
Authors: Tieniber Andrew D. , Hanna Andrew N. , Medina Benjamin D. , Vitiello Gerardo A. , Etherington Mark S. , Liu Mengyuan , Do Kevin J. , Rossi Ferdinando , DeMatteo Ronald P.
Published: August 2022

Targeted therapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) such as imatinib is effective in treating gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), but it is rarely curative. Despite the presence of a robust immune CD8+ T-cell infiltrate, combining a TKI with immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) in advanced GIST has achieved only modest effects. To identify limitations imposed by imatinib on the antitumor immune response, we performed bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA-seq, and flow cytometry to phenotype CD8+ T-cell subsets in a genetically engineered mouse model of GIST. Imatinib reduced the frequency of effector CD8+ T cells and increased the frequency of naïve CD8+ T cells within mouse GIST, which coincided with altered tumor chemokine production, CD8+ T-cell recruitment, and reduced CD8+ T-cell intracellular PI3K signaling. Imatinib also failed to induce intratumoral T-cell receptor (TCR) clonal expansion. Consistent with these findings, human GISTs sensitive to imatinib harbored fewer effector CD8+ T cells but more naïve CD8+ T cells. Combining an IL15 superagonist (IL15SA) with imatinib restored intratumoral effector CD8+ T-cell function and CD8+ T-cell intracellular PI3K signaling, resulting in greater tumor destruction. Combination therapy with IL15SA and ICB resulted in the greatest tumor killing and maintained an effector CD8+ T-cell population in the presence of imatinib. Our findings highlight the impact of oncogene inhibition on intratumoral CD8+ T cells and support the use of agonistic T-cell therapy during TKI and/or ICB administration.
Screening of Serum miRNAs as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Using the Minimal-Redundancy-Maximal-Relevance Algorithm and Random Forest Classifier Based on a Public Database
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Chen Xiong , Chen Xi , Wang Wenling
Published: August 2022

Background: Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, early diagnosis of which can efficiently enhance patient’s survival. We aimed to screening out the serum miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with lung cancer. Methods: A total of 416 remarkably differentially expressed miRNAs were acquired using the limma package, and next feature ranking was derived by the minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance method. An incremental feature selection algorithm of a random forest (RF) classifier was utilized to choose the top 5 miRNA combination with the optimum predictive performance. The performance of the RF classifier of top 5 miRNAs was analyzed using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Afterward, the classification effect of the 5-miRNA combination was validated through principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Analysis of top 5 miRNA expressions between lung cancer patients and normal people was performed based on GSE137140 dataset, and their expression was validated by qPCR. The hierarchical clustering analysis was used to analyze the similarity of 5 miRNAs expression profiles. ROC analysis was undertaken on each miRNA. Results: We acquired top 5 miRNAs finally, with the Matthews correlation coefficient value as 0.988 and the area under the curve (AUC) value as 0.996. The 5 feature miRNAs were capable of distinguishing most cancer patients and normal people. Furthermore, except for the lowly expressed miR-6875-5p in lung cancer tissue, the other 4 miRNAs all expressed highly in cancer patients. Performance analysis revealed that their AUC values were 0.92, 0.96, 0.94, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. Conclusion: By and large, the 5 feature miRNAs screened here were anticipated to be effective biomarkers for lung cancer.
Treatments in Ischemic Stroke: Current and Future
Authors: Mosconi Maria Giulia , Paciaroni Maurizio
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim: Despite progress made over the last 30 years, stroke is still a leading cause of disability and mortality; likewise, its burden is expected to increase over the next decades, due to population growth and aging. The development of drugs with better safety-efficacy profiles as well as strategies able to improve ischemic stroke management from the pre-hospital setting is needed. Summary: The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke involves multiple pathways resulting in cerebral artery obstruction and brain tissue ischemia. To date, the only approved drug for acute ischemic stroke is intravenous thrombolytic alteplase. Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) can be administered alone or in combination with endovascular treatment (EVT) with mechanical thrombectomy, in case of large vessel occlusion and generally within 6 h from symptoms onset. The risk of potential bleeding complications, especially symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, is one of the reasons for the reluctance to administer IVT. Tenecteplase is a promising alternative fibrinolytic agent, having a better safety profile than alteplase. Moreover, recent evidences have allowed an extension of the IVT ± EVT time window for patients with unknown onset time and for those with a known onset time thanks to the new “tissue-window” approach guided by advanced neuroimaging techniques, which also helps in collateral circulation estimation. Regarding primary-secondary prevention, researchers are focused on improving the efficacy of antithrombotic drugs with a “hemostasis-sparing” approach. Neuroprotective agents are also under development, particularly stem cells. The COVID-19 pandemic has critically stressed global healthcare systems, with collateral damage resulting in access delivery of only emergency care, such as ischemic stroke. Regarding telemedicine, it has had a minor role in acute stroke management, and with the onset of COVID-19, this role will most likely be adopted to increase access and delivery in stroke assessment, but also in the follow-up.
Molecular Insights and Novel Approaches toward Individualized Arteriovenous Fistula Care
Authors: Wang Xin , Tapia Silva Leticia M. , Nikam Milind , Mitra Sandip , Zaidi Syed Shaukat Abbas , Grobe Nadja
Published: August 2022

The aim of the paper is to summarize the current understanding of the molecular biology of arteriovenous fistula (AVF). It intends to encourage vascular access teams, care providers, and scientists, to explore new molecular tools for assessing the suitability of patients for AVF as vascular access for maintenance hemodialysis (HD). This review also highlights most recent discoveries and may serve as a guide to explore biomarkers and technologies for the assessment of kidney disease patients choosing to start kidney replacement therapy. Objective criteria for AVF eligibility are lacking partly because the underlying physiology of AVF maturation is poorly understood. Several molecular processes during a life cycle of an AVF, even before creation, can be characterized by measuring molecular fingerprints using newest “omics” technologies. In addition to hypothesis-driven strategies, untargeted approaches have the potential to reveal the interplay of hundreds of metabolites, transcripts, proteins, and genes underlying cardiovascular adaptation and vascular access-related adjustments at any given timepoint of a patient with kidney disease. As a result, regular monitoring of modifiable, molecular risk factors together with clinical assessment could help to reduce AVF failure rates, increase patency, and improve long-term outcomes. For the future, identification of vulnerable patients based on the assessment of biological markers of AVF maturation at different stages of the life cycle may aid in individualizing vascular access recommendations.
Interaction between Hyperuricemia and Admission Lactate Increases the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: He Yanlei , Wang Dingzhou , Zhou Xi , Zhu Qianli , Lin Qingcheng , Hong Xia , Huang Weijian , Shan Peiren , Liang Dongjie
Published: August 2022

Background and Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication associated with adverse outcomes among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This is conflicting information about the relationship between hyperuricemia and AKI in STEMI. This work aimed to investigate the effect of the interaction between hyperuricemia and lactate on the risk of AKI. Methods: We analyzed 2,008 consecutive STEMI patients between January 2014 and January 2019. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level >7 mg/dL for males and >6 mg/dL for females. AKI was defined based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Logistic regression models were applied to establish the relationship between hyperuricemia and AKI in the overall population and subgroups stratified as per lactate levels at admission (≤2.2 mmol/L or >2.2 mmol/L). Results: In total, we included 1,887 STEMI patients. Multivariate analysis showed that hyperuricemia is associated with the risk of AKI (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.01–1.77; p = 0.045). Nonetheless, the predictive effect of hyperuricemia was only observed in patients with lactate level >2.2 mmol/L (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.36–3.10; p < 0.001), but not in those with lactate level ≤2.2 mmol/L (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.56–1.32; p = 0.493). The interaction between hyperuricemia and lactate levels demonstrated a significant effect on AKI. Conclusions: In summary, hyperuricemia increases the risk of AKI in STEMI patients with lactate levels> 2.2 mmol/L, but not in those with lactate levels ≤2.2 mmol/L.
Early-Phase Partial Mayo Score following Golimumab Treatment Is Associated with Endoscopic Improvement at 1 Year in Ulcerative Colitis: A post hoc Analysis of PURSUIT-J Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nagano Katsumasa , Imai Yuya , Ukyo Yoshifumi , Kobayashi Taku , Yokoyama Seiji
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Golimumab (GLM) is an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody therapy for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Endoscopic improvement is considered one of UC treatment’s main goals, and earlier prediction of future endoscopic improvement has clinical implications. We retrospectively analyzed data from the PURSUIT-J, a phase III randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of GLM in the maintenance phase, to find predictors for endoscopic improvement after 60 weeks of GLM treatment. Methods: Ninety-two patients who had completed the maintenance phase of the PURSUIT-J were divided into two groups: those with mucosal healing (MH: Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 or 1) and those without MH at week 60 (non-MHs). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted using baseline data in the induction phase to determine predictive factors for MHs compared to non-MHs. Results: Twenty-nine patients were classified as MHs and 63 as non-MHs. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio for partial Mayo (pMayo) score was highest in MHs (1.87 [95% CI: 1.18–2.98]) at baseline in the induction phase. The receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the timing of predictions of MHs using pMayo showed that an area under the curve reached 0.8 at week 14 after the first GLM administration. Discussion/Conclusion: pMayo scores at week 14 of GLM treatment are associated with MH at week 60. These results suggest the timing when a clinical decision to continue GLM based on the patient-reported outcomes and the physician’s general assessment could be considered.
Vom bleibenden Recht der Antike in der künstlerischen Moderne Europas: Fernando Pessoa und Giorgio de Chirico
Authors: Dix Steffen
Published: August 2022

Modernism in the early 20th century has usually been viewed as a radical break with the past and tradition. Nevertheless, there are a great deal of direct references to classical antiquity in many works of modernist artists. This apparent contradiction forces us to rethink the notion of a radical break between the new and the past. It is with this in mind that the present article focuses on one of the most exiting periods in European cultural history. In particular, the article refers to two attempts to revitalize classical antiquity during the first decades of the 20th century. These two attempts are illustrated by the Portuguese writer, Fernando Pessoa, and the Italian painter, Giorgio de Chirico. Their works are not only characteristic of the marked revival of classical antiquity in the first years of Modernism, but they also reveal that this revival is more than a simple “new classicism”. Insofar as this new/ past dualism, the work of Pessoa and de Chirico should be better described as an updated mythological thinking.
Variations of Summer Extreme and Total Precipitation over Southeast Asia and Associated Atmospheric and Oceanic Features
Authors: Xu Lianlian , Zhang Tuantuan , Wang Aihui , Yu Wei , Yang Song
Published: August 2022

Southeast Asia lies at the heart of heavy precipitation on Earth, and a large amount of latent heat released here provides substantial energy for the global atmospheric circulation. Utilizing gauge-based daily precipitation and the self-organizing map technique, the summertime extreme and total precipitation over Southeast Asia during 1979–2019 are classified into three and five distinct patterns, respectively. The three extreme precipitation clusters are characterized by southern dry and northern wet (C1_extreme), overall wet (C2_extreme), and northern dry and southern wet (C3_extreme) structures. The frequencies of these patterns exhibit increasing trends during the analysis, although they are not statistically significant for C1_extreme. The C1_extreme pattern is accompanied by an anomalous cyclone over the South China Sea in response to negative Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). The C2_extreme and C3_extreme clusters are characterized by a westward extension of the western Pacific subtropical high, regulated by cool SSTAs over the tropical central-eastern Pacific that are induced by the tropical North Atlantic warming and the tropical Pacific and Atlantic SSTAs, respectively. For total precipitation, the first and second clusters show overall dry distributions, which are mainly composed of nonextreme precipitation. The spatial patterns and atmospheric and oceanic features associated with the other three clusters of total precipitation bear large resemblances to those of C1_extreme, C2_extreme, and C3_extreme, respectively, but their trends exhibit smaller similarities. Comparing the differences between extreme and total precipitation over Southeast Asia could improve our understanding of their regional variabilities and relationships, and potentially their global impacts.

Significance Statement

We explore the atmospheric and oceanic processes associated with extreme precipitation, and compare them with those for total precipitation over Southeast Asia. The three key modes of summertime extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia are characterized by southern drought and northern flood, overall flood, and northern drought and southern flood structures. Each pattern is closely linked to tropical sea surface temperature anomalies, but in different regions. Total precipitation can be classified into five distinct patterns. The first two modes are largely determined by nonextreme precipitation, while the other three bear large resemblances to the three extreme precipitation modes. These findings provide guidance on what is the key factor in driving each extreme precipitation mode over Southeast Asia, allowing better prediction.
What Causes Anthropogenic Ocean Warming to Emerge from Internal Variability in a Coupled Model?
Authors: Silvy Yona , Sallée Jean-Baptiste , Guilyardi Eric , Mignot Juliette , Rousset Clément
Published: August 2022

In response to increasing human emissions, the global ocean is continually warming. The spatial distribution of this warming can result from several mechanisms, difficult to disentangle in observations. Idealized modeling studies have successfully separated the contribution of additional heat passively entering the ocean from the contribution of the changing circulation redistributing the pre-existing heat in response to perturbations in air–sea fluxes. However, the time scales of these different contributions have been largely unexplored so far. Here, we revisit this decomposition with a novel numerical framework to investigate the mechanisms driving regional ocean warming and its emergence from internal variability. Based on the IPSL-CM6A-LR coupled model and its large ensemble of transient climate change simulations, we extract both the internal fluctuations and the externally forced signal in each component of the surface fluxes. With a stand-alone configuration of the ocean, we then test the response to perturbations applied on all surface fluxes together or individually. We find that the contribution of the different processes can largely vary in time, reinforcing or counteracting each other, causing the time of emergence of subsurface temperature changes to be advanced or delayed. Anthropogenic warming in the upper ocean water masses is generally driven by the uptake of excess heat passively stored by the ocean circulation. Circulation changes have a minor role at the time when these signals emerge. On the contrary, in the deeper ocean, circulation changes are much more sensitive to surface forcings and play an important role in setting the time scales of ocean warming, through redistributive warming or cooling.
Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Cloud Radiative Swath (CRS) Edition 4 Data Product
Authors: Scott Ryan C. , Rose Fred G. , Stackhouse Paul W. , Loeb Norman G. , Kato Seiji , Doelling David R. , Rutan David A. , Taylor Patrick C. , Smith William L.
Published: August 2022

Satellite observations from Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiometers have produced over two decades of world-class data documenting time–space variations in Earth’s top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget. In addition to energy exchanges among Earth and space, climate studies require accurate information on radiant energy exchanges at the surface and within the atmosphere. The CERES Cloud Radiative Swath (CRS) data product extends the standard Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) data product by calculating a suite of radiative fluxes from the surface to TOA at the instantaneous CERES footprint scale using the NASA Langley Fu–Liou radiative transfer model. Here, we describe the CRS flux algorithm and evaluate its performance against a network of ground-based measurements and CERES TOA observations. CRS all-sky downwelling broadband fluxes show significant improvements in surface validation statistics relative to the parameterized fluxes on the SSF product, including a ∼30%–40% (∼20%) reduction in SW↓ (LW↓) root-mean-square error (RMSΔ), improved correlation coefficients, and the lowest SW↓ bias over most surface types. RMSΔ and correlation statistics improve over five different surface types under both overcast and clear-sky conditions. The global mean computed TOA outgoing LW radiation (OLR) remains within <1% (2–3 W m−2) of CERES observations, while the global mean reflected SW radiation (RSW) is excessive by ∼3.5% (∼9 W m−2) owing to cloudy-sky computation errors. As we highlight using data from two remote field campaigns, the CRS data product provides many benefits for studies requiring advanced surface radiative fluxes.
The torquetum (or turketum): Was it an observing instrument?
Authors: Włodarczyk Jarosław
Published: August 2022

The torquetum was a complex astronomical instrument whose construction is known thanks to certain descriptions, iconography and few extant artefacts. It was used in pre-telescopic astronomy from at least the 13th century. However, the usefulness of the torquetum as an observing instrument remains unknown. It is my intention to introduce a preliminary analysis of the merits and limitations of the torquetum in determining the coordinates of celestial bodies. For this purpose I shall refer to (1) written sources that contain descriptions of the construction of the instrument and its use; (2) the results of an examination of the torquetum constructed by Hans Dorn of Vienna (c.1487) and conserved in the Jagiellonian University Museum in Cracow; (3) elements of a theory of the instrument, which allow us to trace down instrumental errors, both systematic and accidental; (4) the only substantial and extant set of observations made with the torquetum, that is, a catalogue of 58 stars, compiled in Kassel in the years 1560–63.
Finite element modeling and simulation of yarn in winding process
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Chen Xiaochuan , Li Yong , Wang Jun
Published: August 2022

In order to analyze the change of yarn winding tension in the winding process and the yarn tension after being wound on the surface of the tube, a yarn winding model was established based on the principle of yarn winding forming. The finite element simulation of the yarn winding process is carried out by using Ls-Dyan software. Then the internal stress of the yarn in the winding process is discussed. By varying the linear density and winding speed, it is concluded that the two kinds of tension increase while the linear density and winding speed increase. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the rationality of the model.
Prognostic Implications of Skin Invasion in Locally Advanced Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Diebolt Jennifer H. , Yu Katherine M. , Wood Stephanie , Ziegler Andrea , France Angela , Villwock Mark R. , Alvi Sameer A. , Kakarala Kiran , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Gan Gregory N. , Lominska Christopher E. , Neupane Prakash , Bur Andrés M.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To evaluate the effect of histopathologic skin invasion on 2‐ and 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients treated with primary surgery for locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).

Study Design

A retrospective case‐control study was performed comparing previously untreated patients with pT4a OCSCC with and without skin invasion.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Methods

Propensity score‐matched cohorts were derived by age, sex, surgical margins, pathologic N classification, adjuvant treatment, and primary tumor site. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to evaluate 2‐ and 5‐year OS and DFS, which were compared between cohorts via the log rank (Mantel‐Cox) test statistic.

Results

Overall 25 patients were identified to have pathologic skin invasion, and 50 were selected for the matched control group. OS was significantly lower for patients with skin invasion as compared with controls at 2 years (30.8% vs 53.3%, P = .018) and 5 years (16.6% vs 42.2%, P = .01). DFS was significantly lower for patients with skin invasion vs controls at 2 years (23.7% vs 47.7, P = .037) and 5 years (15.8% vs 41.4%, P = .024).

Conclusion

Histopathologic skin invasion in OCSCC is associated with dismal prognosis in patients who underwent primary surgical treatment. OS outcomes for patients with skin invasion are comparable to survival of patients with recurrent/metastatic disease and T4N2 disease.
Musical consonance in simple, static auditory stimuli and perceived pleasantness: The role of musical interval, harmonicity, and stimulus duration
Authors: Papavasileiou Petros , Vatakis Argiro
Published: August 2022

Many investigations on the emotional responses to music focus on the use of music pieces that contain a plethora of characteristics. This multitude of characteristics hampers the detection of the specific acoustic properties that contribute to the evoked emotions. In the present study, we were interested in the potential contribution of specific acoustical parameters of consonance to induced emotions. We, therefore, manipulated consonance by creating auditory stimuli that lacked the complexity of music by being very well defined in terms of their musical and acoustical characteristics. Specifically, Stimulus Set A was manipulated as a function of musical interval and harmonicity, with frequency components that followed and did not follow the harmonic series, and musical intervals that were consonant or dissonant, while Stimulus Set C was based on a previously utilized consonance manipulation in musical pieces. A duration manipulation was also included given the changes that might occur as a stimulus unfolds in time. Using pleasantness ratings, we found that consonant musical intervals—usually perceived as pleasant—were rated as unpleasant when the component tones contained inharmonic frequencies, while dissonant intervals remained unaffected by harmonicity. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that acoustical and psychoacoustical manipulations of consonance interact and contribute to listeners’ pleasantness ratings. Α trend was observed for the duration with stimuli becoming more unpleasant as their duration increased. Subsequent qualitative comparison of our stimulus manipulation with musical excerpts showed that our stimuli were, in general, judged as less pleasant and that consonant musical excerpts were judged as more pleasant as duration increased, thus potentially pointing to the role of music completion.
General Musical Self-Efficacy Scale: Adaptation and validation of a version in Spanish
Authors: Casanova Oscar , Zarza-Alzugaray Francisco , Cuartero Luis Manuel , Orejudo Santos
Published: August 2022

This article presents the process of translation into Spanish, adaptation, and validation of the General Musical Self-Efficacy Scale by Ritchie and Williamon. After having carried out reverse translation and a preliminary study, the scale was tested on a sample of 668 students enrolled in six Spanish music academies (secondary school and university level). Our results corroborated the two original subscales: one for self-efficacy for learning (α = .792 and α = .734), and the other for self-efficacy for public performance (α = .773 and α = .780), after having removed one item in each subscale on the basis of internal consistency indicators and factorial analysis. The subscales we thereby obtained likewise presented good temporal stability ( r = .513 and .539); they both correlated with performance anxiety (stage fright); both correlated more highly with the public performance subscale. Validation data signaled higher scores obtained by students enrolled in university-level music academies, by students who had started music training at an earlier age, for the boys at secondary level, and for the younger group of students at secondary level. To summarize, this version of the General Musical Self-Efficacy Scale is a valid, reliable tool for measuring self-efficacy in Spanish music students.
Optimal Control of Automated Vehicles for Autonomous Intersection Management With Design Specifications
Authors: Wang Shian , Mahlberg Aidan , Levin Michael W.
Published: August 2022

In this article, we study optimal control of automated vehicles (AVs) at an autonomous intersection with design specifications, where the intersection manager (computer) controls the acceleration/deceleration of AVs within a control region to determine their conflict-free trajectories. We develop a mathematical model to describe the cooperative dynamics of vehicles within the control zone of a signal-free intersection. Further, we formulate an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing traffic throughput while minimizing passenger discomfort. We then address the problem using mathematical programming to yield the optimal control input for each vehicle inside the control zone. We apply the proposed control mechanism for optimally coordinating the movement of AVs at an autonomous intersection subject to physical and safety constraints. In other words, the solution, if implemented, would allow vehicles to pass the intersection with safety guarantees (avoiding collisions), high-level efficiency (maximizing throughput), and good comfort (minimizing discomfort) without deploying traffic lights. In addition, we derive analytical specifications for the design and deployment of autonomous intersections, which appears to have been largely ignored in prior studies. Finally, we conduct a series of numerical experiments to show the effectiveness of the methodology proposed in this article. As the framework developed here is fairly general and can be extended to cover many complex traffic scenarios, we believe that the procedure presented in this article will be useful with the advent of AVs in the near future.
Robotic Competitions to Design Future Transport Systems: The Case of JRC AUTOTRAC 2020
Authors: Ciuffo Biagio , Makridis Michail , Padovan Valter , Benenati Emilio , Boriboonsomsin Kanok , Chembakasseril Mamen Thomas , Daras Petros , Das Viswanath , Dimou Anastasios , Grammatico Sergio , Hartanto Ronny , Hoelscher Malte , Jiang Yu , Krilasevic Suad , Liu Shangrui , Nguyen Le Quang Nhat , Rosier Cas , Ruan Pingbo , Wei Zhensong , Wu Guoyuan , Zhao Xuanpeng , Zhao Zhouqiao
Published: August 2022

Vehicle automation and connectivity bring new opportunities for safe and sustainable mobility in urban and highway networks. Such opportunities are however not directly associated with traffic flow improvements. Research on exploitation of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) toward a more efficient traffic currently remains at a theoretical level, and/or based on simulation models with limited reliability. Furthermore, testing CAVs in the real world is still costly and very challenging from an implementation perspective. A possible alternative is to use automated robots. By designing and testing both the low- and the high-level controllers of CAVs, it is indeed possible to reach a better understanding of the challenges that future vehicles will need to face. Robotic applications can effectively test these challenges within a wide variety of research communities—for example, via robotic competitions. Along this direction, the Joint Research Centre has organized the first European robotic traffic competition for automated miniature vehicles. Each team participated with four robots and was judged based on a set of indicators that assess the collective behaviors of the vehicles. Results show the suitability of the methodology with different teams proposing completely different approaches to deal with the challenge and thus achieving different results. Future competitions may further raise awareness about the possibility of using CAVs to improve traffic and to engage with a broader community to design systems that are really capable of achieving this goal.
Field Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of Chip Seals and Asphalt Concrete Overlays with and without Asphalt Concrete Stripping Damage
Authors: Abohamer Hossam , Elseifi Mostafa A. , Dhakal Nirmal , Zhang Zhongjie , Fillastre Christophe N.
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of asphalt concrete (AC) stripping damage on the field performance and cost-effectiveness (CE) of chip seals and AC overlays in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation. To achieve this objective, in-service pavement sections were selected from the Louisiana pavement management system (LaPMS) database and the presence of moisture damage was confirmed through the visual inspection of extracted cores. Sections were categorized according to traffic volume and their pavement condition index before treatment (PCI-). Road sections in each group were then divided into two groups as stripped and non-stripped sections. The average deterioration rate (ADR), extension in pavement service life (ΔPSL), average condition improvement over the treatment service life (PI), and CE were compared for stripped and non-stripped sections. Results showed that for chip seal sections, moisture damage negatively affected the performance of the sections with PCI- < 80 and low traffic volumes. For sections with PCI- > 80, similar performance was observed for stripped and non-stripped sections. For AC overlays, moisture-induced damage significantly affected the long-term pavement performance at all traffic levels. On average, moisture-induced damage decreased ΔPSL, PI, and CE of AC overlays by 5 years, 24%, and 0.5%, respectively. Overall, results of the study demonstrated that moisture damage has a significant effect on the performance of chip seal and AC overlay. Therefore, it is critical to identify and repair stripped sections before the maintenance and rehabilitation of in-service pavements to ensure adequate performance and optimum CE.
Multi-objective optimization design of novel differential permanent magnet spring based on analytical modeling
Authors: Zhu Chenhang , Zhang Chenchen , Meng Bin
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a novel structure of annular differential permanent magnet spring with an octagonal moving ring and its multi-objective optimization design procedure based on analytical modeling. Compared with the typical annular differential permanent magnet spring with rectangular cross-section, this novel configuration has larger stiffness, smaller volume, and can effectively save permanent magnet materials. Based on the analytical modeling of the rectangular cross-section magnetic ring, the theory of attraction-repulsion boundary line is proposed, which is used to determine the key dimensions and optimal cross-section shape of the octagonal moving ring and is verified by the FEM simulation afterward. The octagonal moving ring is further decomposed into several types of basic permanent magnet elements to obtain their respective analytical expressions, which are then re-superimposed into the whole octagon to obtain the analytical force-displacement equation of the whole spring. Based on the analytical modeling, a multi-objective optimization procedure is performed to optimize the design parameters in order to balance the different performance requirements. The Pareto front of the desired objectives are obtained and three weighed solutions in Pareto front are selected by analytic hierarchy process. Finally, three prototypes based on the final optimization results are manufactured and tested. The experimental results verify the correctness of the design theory and optimization process.