bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross‐Gramian‐Based Combined State and Parameter Reduction for Large‐Scale Control Systems
Authors: Himpe Christian , Ohlberger Mario
Published: July 2014

This work introduces the empirical cross‐gramian for multiple‐input‐multiple‐output systems. The cross‐gramian is a tool for
reducing the state space of control systems, by conjoining controllability
and observability information into a single matrix
and does not require balancing. Its empirical gramian variant
extends the applicability of the cross‐gramian to nonlinear systems.
Furthermore, for parametrized systems, the empirical
gramians can also be utilized for sensitivity analysis or parameter
identification and thus for parameter reduction. This work
also introduces the empirical joint gramian, which is derived
from the empirical cross‐gramian. The joint gramian allows not only a reduction of the parameter space but also the combined
state and parameter space reduction, which is tested on
a linear and a nonlinear control system. Controllability‐ and
observability‐based combined reduction methods are also presented,
which are benchmarked against the joint gramian.
Research on Integrated Casting and Forging Process of Aluminum Automobile Wheel
Authors: Zhang Qi , Cao Miao , Zhang Dawei , Zhang Shuai , Sun Jue
Published: July 2014

Integrated casting and forging process (ICFP) is a new manufacturing method combining the advantages of both casting and forging. Aluminum structure parts, such as aluminum alloy automobile wheel, with complex shape and excellent mechanical properties can be produced by this process. The effects of different process parameters on the ICFP of the automobile wheel were simulated by Forge software. Microstructure of forging region and the nonforging region were studied by experiment. The results show that die temperature, static pressure of the injection piston, forging speed, and material flow have significant influences on the process. Compared with nonforging region, the microstructure of forging region becomes finer, more uniform, and denser. Meanwhile, the casting defects can be removed and mechanical properties improved.
AnomaloustqγCouplings inγpCollision at the LHC
Authors: Köksal M. , İnan S. C.
Published: July 2014

We have examined the constraints on the anomaloustqγ  (q=u,c)couplings through the processpp→pγp→pWbXat the LHC by considering four forward detector acceptances:0.0015<ξ<0.5,0.0015<ξ<0.15,0.015<ξ<0.15, and0.1<ξ<0.5, whereξ=Eγ/EwithEγandEthe energies of the photon and of the incoming proton, respectively. The sensitivity bounds on the anomalous couplings have been obtained at the 95% confidence level in a model independent effective Lagrangian approach. We have found that the bounds on these couplings can be highly improved compared to current experimental bounds.
The Value of Modern Mammography Screening in the Control of Breast Cancer: Understanding the Underpinnings of the Current Debates
Authors: Smith Robert A.
Published: July 2014

Since the introduction of mammography screening, debates about the value of screening have endured and been contentious. Recent reviews of the randomized controlled trials reach different conclusions about the absolute benefit of screening, as do evaluations of population trends in breast cancer mortality and the evaluations of service screening. Conclusions about the value of screening commonly are expressed in terms of the balance of benefits and harms, which can differ greatly even when derived seemingly from the same data. It can be shown when different estimates are adjusted to a common screening and follow-up scenario, differences in balance sheet estimates diminish substantially. The strong evidence of benefit associated with exposure to modern mammography screening suggests that it is time to move beyond the randomized controlled trial estimates of benefit and consider policy decisions on the basis of benefits and harms estimated from the evaluation of current screening programs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1139–46. ©2014 AACR.
FcγRIIaandFcγRIIIaPolymorphisms and Cetuximab Benefit in the Microscopic Disease
Authors: Sclafani Francesco , Gonzalez de Castro David , Cunningham David , Hulkki Wilson Sanna , Peckitt Clare , Capdevila Jaume , Glimelius Bengt , Roselló Keränen Susana , Wotherspoon Andrew , Brown Gina , Tait Diana , Begum Ruwaida , Thomas Janet , Oates Jacqueline , Chau Ian
Published: July 2014

Purpose: FcγR polymorphisms have been reported to enhance the immune-mediated effects of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. There are no data on the relationship between these polymorphisms and cetuximab in the early-stage setting. We performed a pharmacogenomic analysis of EXPERT-C, a randomized phase II trial of neoadjuvant CAPOX followed by chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant CAPOX ± cetuximab in high-risk, locally advanced rectal cancer.

Experimental Design: FcγRIIa-H131R and FcγRIIIa-V158F polymorphisms were analyzed on DNA from peripheral blood samples. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to calculate survival estimates and compare treatment arms.

Results: Genotyping was successfully performed in 105 of 164 (64%) patients (CAPOX = 54, CAPOX-C = 51). No deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium or association of these polymorphisms with tumor RAS status was observed. FcγRIIa-131R (HR, 0.38; P = 0.058) and FcγRIIIa-158F alleles (HR, 0.21; P = 0.007) predicted improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with cetuximab. In the CAPOX-C arm, carriers of both 131R and 158F alleles had a statistically significant improvement in PFS (5 years: 78.4%; HR, 0.22; P = 0.002) and overall survival (OS; 5 years: 86.4%; HR, 0.24; P = 0.018) when compared with patients homozygous for 131H and/or 158V (5-year PFS: 35.7%; 5-year OS: 57.1%). An interaction between cetuximab benefit and 131R and 158F alleles was found for PFS (P = 0.017) and remained significant after adjusting for prognostic variables (P = 0.003).

Conclusion: This is the first study investigating FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa polymorphisms in patients with early-stage colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. We showed an increased clinical benefit from cetuximab in the presence of 131R and 158F alleles. Clin Cancer Res; 20(17); 4511–9. ©2014 AACR.
Challenges in the Management of EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Acquired Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Kuiper Justine L. , Smit Egbert F.
Published: July 2014

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation have a median progression-free survival of 12 months on treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Clearly, the introduction of these agents had major implications for the treatment of NSCLC, but new questions and challenges arise as well. Traditionally, response assessments of anti-cancer treatment are conducted according to the RECIST criteria. Progressive disease is usually indicative of a change of therapy. In the current era of targeted therapies, it has become clear that different patterns of progressive disease are observed with TKI treatment in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients, with potential consequences for therapeutic decision-making. In this review, we will discuss whether the RECIST criteria are still optimal for response evaluation. Rebiopsy studies have provided more insight into different resistance mechanisms at the time of acquired resistance to TKIs. These mechanisms, as well as the role of rebiopsy in daily clinical practice, will subsequently be covered. Finally, treatment strategies for different types of progressive disease will be discussed.
Epigenetic Regulation of Pluripotency and Differentiation
Authors: Boland Michael J. , Nazor Kristopher L. , Loring Jeanne F.
Published: July 2014

The precise, temporal order of gene expression during development is critical to ensure proper lineage commitment, cell fate determination, and ultimately, organogenesis. Epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure is fundamental to the activation or repression of genes during embryonic development. In recent years, there has been an explosion of research relating to various modes of epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone tail modifications, noncoding RNA control of chromatin structure, and nucleosome remodeling. Technological advances in genome-wide epigenetic profiling and pluripotent stem cell differentiation have been primary drivers for elucidating the epigenetic control of cellular identity during development and nuclear reprogramming. Not only do epigenetic mechanisms regulate transcriptional states in a cell-type–specific manner but also they establish higher order genomic topology and nuclear architecture. Here, we review the epigenetic control of pluripotency and changes associated with pluripotent stem cell differentiation. We focus on DNA methylation, DNA demethylation, and common histone tail modifications. Finally, we briefly discuss epigenetic heterogeneity among pluripotent stem cell lines and the influence of epigenetic patterns on genome topology.
Mediation in Territorial, Maritime and River Disputes
Authors: Wiegand Krista E.
Published: July 2014

This article seeks to explain factors that make mediation attempts more or less likely in territorial, maritime, and river disputes. I argue that the intensity of the dispute and the salience of disputed territory have strong influence on mediation attempts. The study further examines the impact of these factors on the type of mediation strategy (directive, procedural, or communications). Hypotheses about mediation attempts are tested with theicowdata set of interstate territorial, maritime, and river disputes from 1816 to 2001. Findings indicate that intensity of the dispute and salience of disputed territory have a strong impact on the selection of mediation in the first place, and second, that salience of disputed territory makes the directive strategy more likely, while intensity of the dispute makes procedural or communications strategies more likely.
Cold War History between Revision and New Insights, and their Consequences for Military History
Authors: Soutou Georges-Henri
Published: July 2014

This overview of the academic literature on the Cold War argues that current historiography is characterised by a combination of classical historical approaches and political science methodology. Military history alone cannot explain the phenomenon; it has to reach out into political, economic, and ideological fields. Towards the end of the Cold War, revisionist approaches blaming the West to a large extent for the international tension after 1945, seemed to gain ground, but after the opening of the former Eastern Bloc archives, they lost credibility. Recently, based on cultural history approaches, they appear to be gaining ground again. Recent historiography also looks at the rifts within the Communist world, both the tensions between states in the Soviet orbit, and at the role of Western Communist parties. In many ways, the crisis years of 1958–1962 emerge as the pivotal period of the Cold War (Berlin, Cuba, etc.). Finally, the way the origins of the Cold War are interpreted has a direct impact on how its eventual termination is explained. Was it due to cultural factors, to nato cohesion, or to German Ostpolitik?
Reassessing the Marine Corps’ Approach to Strategy in the Vietnam War, 1965–1968
Authors: Schlosser Nicholas J.
Published: July 2014

Scholars of the Vietnam War contend that the U.S. had two distinct strategic options for fighting the war: attrition and pacification. While the overall American commander, General William Westmoreland, embraced attrition through search-and-destroy, the Marine Corps favored pacification. Critics of Westmoreland have contended that pacification, which entailed protecting the South Vietnamese and winning over their hearts-and-minds, was a better approach that could have brought about a successful outcome to the war. The recent declassification of Marine Corps records requires us to reappraise what pacification actually involved however. These records demonstrate that the Marine Corps believed a successful pacification strategy in Vietnam demanded a substantial expansion of the war into North Vietnam and bordering states and a multi-decade commitment of U.S. forces to Southeast Asia. Ultimately, the Marine Corps approach did not differ substantially from Westmoreland’s and was no more likely a means of achieving victory within the limitations stipulated by the Johnson Administration.
A new species of Miconia (Miconieae, Melastomataceae) from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Meirelles Julia , Goldenberg Renato
Published: July 2014

A new species of Miconia sect. Miconia subsection Seriatiflorae. was collected in Igapó Forest from the Purus-Madeira interfluve, in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. This new species, Miconia suberosa, can be distinguished from other species in the subsection by a variety of morphological features, namely: (i) treelet habit; (ii) deeply fissured bark with a thick cork; (iii) long dendritic hairs with short arms on young branches, inflorescences and leaves; (iv) petiolated leaves with rounded to obtuse bases, and ciliate margins, congested at the branch apices; and, (v) truncated stigmas.
A new species of Chileotrecha Maury, 1987 (Solifugae: Ammotrechidae) from Argentina with notes on the genus
Authors: IURI HERNÁN A. , IGLESIAS MÓNICA S. , AFFILASTRO ANDRÉS A. OJANGUREN
Published: July 2014

The monotypic genus Chileotrecha Maury, 1987, includes Chileotrecha atacamensis Maury, 1987 from Atacama and Coquimbo regions in Chile. We describe Chileotrecha argentinensis n. sp., which is the first record of the genus from Argentina. Phylogenetic relationships of Chileotrecha with other genera of Ammotrechidae are discussed based on external morphology. We report for the first time the presence of blunt and clubbed setae in Ammotrechidae. We also report for the first time the presence of  two pairs of microsetae in the posterior margin of genital plate  and in the posterior margin of spiracular sternites I and II, and the presence of a single microseta on each side of postspiracular sternite I.
Four new and three redescribed species of the cockroach genus Margattea Shelford, 1911 (Blattodea, Ectobiidae, Pseudophyllodromiinae) from China
Authors: WANG JINJIN , LI XINRAN , WANG ZONGQING , CHE YANLI
Published: July 2014

Four new species of Margattea Shelford from China are described: M. angusta sp. n., M. flexa sp. n., M. spinosa sp. n. and M. pseudolimbata sp. n.. Male genitalia are illustrated. M. limbata and M. hemiptera are redescribed and illustrated based on types. M. bisignata is described in detail for the first time. A key to Margattea spp. from China and photographs of M. mckittrickae and M. spinifera in nature are provided.
A new Gehyra (Gekkonidae: Reptilia) from New Guinea with unique caudal scalation
Authors: Skipwith Phillip L. , Oliver Paul M.
Published: July 2014

We describe a new species of gekkonid gecko in the genus Gehyra from West Papua, Indonesia. Gehyra serraticauda sp. nov. keys to Gehyra, but is distinct from all known species; most notably, it is characterised by a continuous fringe of prominent acuminate lateral scales running the length of the tail, a feature shared with none of its congeners. Its robust body, intermediate size, numerous internasals, partially divided digital scansors, and the presence of well-developed popliteal folds further distinguish it from other Papuan Gehyra. The holotype of Gehyra serraticauda sp. nov. is of uncertain provenance, with the type locality listed as Fakfak, Onin Peninsula. However, the recent observation of a potential conspecific from Kaimana, Triton Bay supports the presence of this species in the region.
Two new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida (Araneae, Araneidae) from Peru
Authors: DEZA MARIAJOSÉ , ANDÍA JUAN MANUEL
Published: July 2014

Two new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 are described and illustrated; Alpaida losamigos n. sp. based on females from Madre de Dios, and Alpaida penca n. sp. based on females and males from Cajamarca.
Description of two new species in the genera Epectinaspis Blanchard and Strigoderma Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anomalini)
Authors: RAMÍREZ-PONCE ANDRÉS , CUROE DANIEL
Published: July 2014

Two new species of the genera Epectinaspis Blanchard and Strigoderma Burmeister from Central America, E. costaricensis new species and S. ngabe new species, are described and illustrated. For each species and their closest congeners, their diagnostic characters are discussed and the taxonomic keys for their determination are modified.
Satellite Observations of an Unusual Cloud Formation near the Tropopause
Authors: Ferlay Nicolas , Garrett Timothy J. , Minvielle Fanny
Published: July 2014

This paper describes observations of a field of deep and regular cloud formations that spans several hundreds of kilometers at the top of a midlatitude frontal system in the North Pacific storm track. Space-based imagery of the event from active and passive measurements reveals smooth, clearly defined cloud lobes approximately 10 km across and 2–4 km deep that resemble upside-down mammatus. These observations, together with theoretical arguments and prior modeling work, suggest that the lobes were part of a deepening turbulent mixed layer that formed as a consequence of strong cloud-top radiative cooling. Over the course of a day, the cloud-top formation evolved to leave behind a sheet of cumuliform cirrus that stretched hundreds of kilometers across. The potential is for such clouds to facilitate mixing across the tropopause, much as cloud-top cooling drives the entrainment of free-tropospheric air into stratocumulus-topped boundary layers.
On the Sensitivity of Zonal-Index Persistence to Friction
Authors: Zurita-Gotor Pablo
Published: July 2014

Friction is an important parameter in atmospheric modeling that may affect internal variability in a number of ways. It directly damps the annular-mode variability, but it also helps to maintain it through baroclinic feedbacks. Also, by determining the mean strength and position of the midlatitude jet, friction affects the internal dynamics that drive this variability. This work investigates the relevance of all of these factors for the sensitivity of the persistence of annular variability to changes in the zonal-mean friction using an idealized quasigeostrophic two-layer model. This model produces realistic variability, yet it is so simple that one can cleanly separate the different effects. It is found that the sensitivity of persistence to friction is dominated by the direct damping effect, while changes in the eddy momentum forcing and in the mean jet are not as important.

As in more complex models, the persistence of the jet anomalies in this model decreases at all lags with increasing friction, but the long-time decorrelation decay rate of these anomalies is remarkably insensitive to friction. Although this implies that the eddy feedback must increase with friction to maintain the anomalies against the enhanced damping, it is shown that this is not due to baroclinic effects. A model that assumes that the eddy forcing does not change with friction can reproduce reasonably well the numerical results. The crucial factor that determines the model’s sensitivity to friction is the spectral structure of the eddy momentum forcing.
Deepening of the Atlantic Water Core in the Canada Basin in 2003–11
Authors: Zhong Wenli , Zhao Jinping
Published: July 2014

In 2004, a cold mode of Atlantic Water (AW) entered the western Canada basin, replacing the anomalously warm AW that resided in the basin since the 1990s. This slightly colder AW was denser than the 1990s warm mode; it gradually filled most of the western basin by 2009. The enhanced surface stress curl led to the spinup of the Beaufort Gyre and convergence of freshwater. The spinup also resulted in a deepening of the AW core at the center of the gyre and in shoaling of the AW core at the margins of the gyre. The density versus depth relationship revealed in this study shows that the depth of the maximum AW temperature was mainly controlled by the density structure before 2007; thus, it is the case when the denser water was deeper and the case when the lighter water was shallower around the basin. However, this relationship was reversed to become the case when the denser water was shallower and the case when the lighter water was deeper since 2008 inside the Beaufort Gyre. The combined effect of density and sea ice retreat that enhanced surface stress curl determined the depth of the AW inside the Beaufort Gyre since 2008. The deepening of the AW core and expanding of the area where the AW deepening occurred had a profound effect on the large-scale circulation in the Arctic Ocean.
Severe Iron-Deficiency Anemia Still an Issue in Toddlers
Authors: Paoletti Gabrielle , Bogen Debra L. , Ritchey A. Kim
Published: July 2014

Background and Objectives. Chronic, severe iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in the first years of life increases the risk of irreversibly compromised cognitive, affective, and motor development. While IDA in infants has decreased because of dietary changes (iron-fortified formula and delaying cow’s milk), toddlers (13-36 months) are equally vulnerable to the adverse effects of IDA. We aimed to show that despite public health efforts, severe IDA remains a problem in toddlers and is associated with excess milk consumption. Methods. Retrospective chart review of children 6 to 36 months admitted to or evaluated by hematology at a children’s hospital from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2010 with a severe microcytic anemia (hemoglobin [Hb] <9 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <75 fL). Results. We identified 68 infants and toddlers with severe IDA; most (84%) were 13 to 36 months old. The mean Hb and MCV were 6.0 g/dL (range = 2.2-8.9 g/dL) and 54.0 fL (range = 45.5-69.8 fL), respectively. Fatigue, poor appetite, and pica were the most common symptoms, found in 43%, 29%, and 22% of patients, respectively. Only 41% of parents reported pale skin while 77% of physicians recorded it on physical exam. Daily cow’s milk consumption surpassed 24 ounces for 47 of 48 children with reported intake; 11 consumed more than 64 ounces per day. Conclusions. Despite current screening recommendations, severe IDA continues to be a problem in toddlers and strongly correlates with excess cow’s milk consumption. This reiterates the importance of screening for IDA into routine toddler care.
Unheard and Unseen
Authors: Ellis Addie Lucille , Geller Kathy D.
Published: July 2014

This narrative study is based on stories told by African American adolescents experiencing homelessness. It offers insights into their lived experiences and describes the challenges faced in negotiating the urban education system. African American youth are disproportionately represented in the adolescent homeless demographic. “Unheard and unseen” in the dominant narrative, the needs of this population often go unmet. The educational and social service systems frequently place barriers, and blame, that impede the academic achievement of these youth. The dominant narrative is often viewed from the perspective of “what is wrong with ‘those’ kids?” This research shifts the perspective to “what is occurring within the larger system?”
“Green Altruism”
Authors: Guéguen Nicolas , Stefan Jordy
Published: July 2014

Research has consistently found exposure to a natural environment to be associated with health and psychological well-being. However, the effect of such an environment on social behavior and relationships remains in question. In a field experiment, male and female confederates accidentally dropped a glove on the ground while walking in a natural environment. The confederates continued walking, apparently unaware of their loss. Passersby were tested either before or after their immersion in an urban green park with large trees, lawns, and flowers. It was found that passersby tested after immersion in the park helped the confederates more readily than those tested before immersion in the park. In a second study, possible mediating factors of this effect (positive mood and desire to help others) were tested. Mood was found to be a mediating factor, whereas desire to help others partially mediated the relation between immersion in a natural environment and helping behavior.
Attention and concentration functions in HIV-positive adolescents who are on anti-retroviral treatment
Authors: Rice Jessica , Correia Aline Ferreira , Schutte Enid
Published: July 2014

It is generally agreed that patients either in the symptomatic stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or those in whom acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has already developed exhibit cognitive deficits. Specifically, attentional functioning has been investigated and found to be lowered in HIV-positive individuals compared to HIV-negative individuals. Medication regimen may also potentially confound the neuropsychological functioning. The intention of this study was to examine focused and divided attention in 30 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 16 years living with HIV who were commenced on managed anti-retroviral (ARV) programmes following diagnosis of HIV and immune compromise and compared to a contrast group of 71 HIV-negative adolescents. The results show that the mean number of errors on the Trail Making Test (TMT) Part B, as well as the mean time taken on Trials 1 and 3; the mean number of uncorrected errors on Trials 1 and 3; and the mean number of self-corrected errors on Trials 1, 2, and 3 of the Stroop Colour-Word Interference Test were significantly ( p < .05) higher in HIV-positive individuals compared to HIV-negative individuals.
Examining Whiteness and Eurocanadian Discourses in the Canadian Red Cross’ Swim Program
Authors: Rich Kyle Andrew , Giles Audrey R.
Published: July 2014

Each year, over 1 million Canadians participate in the Canadian Red Cross’ (CRC) Swim Program. Despite the increasing importance of cultural diversity in Canadian society, the CRC has yet to incorporate diversity training for this program’s Water Safety Instructors (WSIs). Through the use of critical Whiteness theory and critical discourse analysis, in this article, we examine the program’s content to assess the ways in which, if at all, it reflects mainstream, Eurocanadian and Whiteness discourses. Our analysis revealed two dominant discourses: (a) all participants should perceive risk and demonstrate leadership like Whites/Eurocanadians, and (b) behaviors that reflect White/Eurocanadian beliefs are normal and/or superior to other alternative ways of behaving. As a result of these findings, we suggest that future research should evaluate the possibility of implementing cultural safety training to equip instructors with a suitable understanding the cultural implications of aquatics programming, which may improve the program’s effectiveness for diverse Canadian populations.
Fantasy Sports
Authors: Howie Luke , Campbell Perri
Published: July 2014

Fantasy sports are played by millions of people throughout the world. By 2017, it is predicted to be an industry with a turnover measured in billions of dollars. Recent scholarly attention has focused on the motivations for participating in fantasy sports leagues. In this article, we report on ongoing qualitative research being conducted with fantasy sports enthusiasts and their wives and partners in Australia. There has been little previous research into the attitudes of wives and partners toward the fantasy sports habits of enthusiasts. The enthusiasts studied here play in a long-running fantasy National Basketball Association (NBA) league that began in 1999 and continues in a relatively unchanged format. We argue that social factors are the primary motivation for participants in this league in terms of enhancing and maintaining existing friendships. How those social factors are practiced, however, has significant consequences for managing workplace and relationship demands.
What Is Energy For? Social Practice and Energy Demand
Authors: Shove Elizabeth , Walker Gordon
Published: July 2014

Energy has an ambivalent status in social theory, variously figuring as a driver or an outcome of social and institutional change, or as something that is woven into the fabric of society itself. In this article the authors consider the underlying models on which different approaches depend. One common strategy is to view energy as a resource base, the management and organization of which depends on various intersecting systems: political, economic and technological. This is not the only route to take. The authors develop an alternative approach, viewing energy supply and energy demand as part of the ongoing reproduction of bundles and complexes of social practice. In articulating and comparing these two positions they show how social-theoretical commitments influence the ways in which problems like those of reducing carbon emissions are framed and addressed. Whereas theories of practice highlight basic questions about what energy is for, these issues are routinely and perhaps necessarily obscured by those who see energy as an abstract resource that structures or that is structured by a range of interlocking social systems.
Publicly funded business advisory services and entrepreneurial internationalization
Authors: Cumming Douglas , Fischer Eileen , Peridis Theodore
Published: July 2014

This article examines whether and how publicly sponsored advisory services can encourage small and medium-sized firms to increase their degree of internationalization. We argue that professional advisors have an impact upon the knowledge and skills firms develop to enhance internationalization. The data examined are drawn from a publicly funded organization providing advisory services to entrepreneurial firms; they show a significant relationship between receipt of advice and the development of internationalization-related knowledge and competences. Knowledge, competences, and advice are all significant predictors that firms will adopt strategies conducive to initiating or expanding internationalization. Moreover, the results suggest that various forms of advisory services should be explicitly considered in assessing the factors which contribute to dynamic capabilities. However, pertinent public policy initiatives should incorporate performance metrics that capture the impact of such advisory services in enhancing the internationalization capabilities of entrepreneurial firms.
Clinical thromboembolic detterrent stockings application: Are thromboembolic detterrent stockings in practice matching manufacturers application guidelines
Authors: Bowling K , Ratcliffe C , Townsend J , Kirkpatrick U
Published: July 2014

Background

Thromboembolic detterrent (TED) stockings have been shown to be effective in the reduction of thromboembolic events in post operative patients. These manufactured stockings create graduated compression from ankle to calf.

Aim

To assess whether the manufacturers' recommendations for application were being met in a District general hospital setting and whether this achieved the desired gradient of compression.

Methods

We carried out pressure measurements on 100 legs in post-operative patients and recorded reasons for poorly fitting stockings. Pressure measurements were taken at standard positions around calf and ankle using a pre-calibrated subbandage pressure measuring device.

Results

About 20% of stockings were worn incorrectly by patients. Median pressure applied at the ankle was 13 mmHg (range, 6.5–18.5) compared to the manufacturers' intended compression of 18 mmHg. Only 14% of the stockings showed an acceptable gradation of reduced pressure between ankle and calf. About 23% of the stockings exerted a positive pressure at calf level compared to the ankle.

Conclusion

Most TED stockings do not produce a standardised Siegel profile pressure gradient decrease from ankle to calf. This may be due in part to fluid changes after surgery in combination with the large variation in size of lower limbs. Our District general hospital utilises three of the six sizes of TED stocking, and remeasurement was not taking place every 24 h as per guidance. This as the result show not only negates the benefit of TED stockings but may also exert harm in terms of venous thromboembolism risk. This finding adds further weight to the argument of whether TED stockings may not be having the desired prophylactic effect and may even be resulting in harm in select cases.
Chronic administration of haloperidol and clozapine induces differential effects on the expression of Arc and c-Fos in rat brain
Authors: Collins Cheryl M , Wood Martyn D , Elliott J Martin
Published: July 2014

The modulation of genes implicated in synaptic plasticity following administration of antipsychotic drugs has been instrumental in understanding their possible mode of action. Arc (Arg 3.1) is one such gene closely associated with changes in synaptic plasticity. In this study we have investigated the changes in expression of Arc protein following acute and chronic administration of a typical antipsychotic (haloperidol) and an atypical antipsychotic (clozapine) by means of immunohistochemistry compared to the prototypic gene marker c-Fos. In dorsal striatum haloperidol (1 mg/kg) significantly increased Arc expression following both acute and chronic (21 day) administration with evidence of modulation in induction after repeated dosing. No significant changes were observed following either acute or chronic administration of clozapine (20 mg/kg). In the nucleus accumbens shell both clozapine and haloperidol induced Arc expression following acute administration, again with evidence of modulation after chronic dosing. The pattern of induction of Arc expression following haloperidol and clozapine in both dorsal and ventral striatum was similar to that for c-Fos. In medial prefrontal and cingulate cortex, Arc expression was significantly decreased by clozapine but not haloperidol without any indication of modulation following chronic dosing, whereas no significant changes in c-Fos expression were observed with either drug. Since synaptic modulation mediated by Arc is associated with down-regulation of the AMPA glutamate receptor, this study suggests a mechanism whereby enhanced glutamate receptor efficacy in medial cortical areas may be a component of antipsychotic drug action.
Comparing the Contribution of Teacher Versus Tutor Ratings of Inattentive Behavior in Predicting Mathematics Achievement
Authors: Malone Amelia S. , Fuchs Lynn S.
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this study was to assess the relative contribution of teacher and tutor ratings of inattentive behavior in two different instructional settings in predicting students’ performance on fraction concepts and whole-number calculations. Classroom teachers rated each student’s attentive behavior in a whole-class setting and tutors rated each student’s attentive behavior in an intensive small-group setting. The sample was 131 fourth-grade students identified as at risk for developing mathematics difficulties (MD) and randomly assigned to fraction tutoring. Teachers and tutors rated each student’s inattentive behavior in the 10th week of the 12-week intervention period. On average, tutors rated students as more attentive than teachers. Also, tutor ratings had greater predictive power than teacher ratings on fraction concepts, but neither set of ratings uniquely predicted performance on whole-number calculations. Possible explanations for findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Traumatic Revictimization of Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV/AIDS
Authors: Pantalone David W. , Horvath Keith J. , Hart Trevor A. , Valentine Sarah E. , Kaysen Debra L.
Published: July 2014

Abuse in childhood has been established as a predictor of adult abuse, with the strongest associations found between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual victimization. Revictimization has been demonstrated among women, and there is a growing literature on revictimization experiences among men who have sex with men (MSM). No studies have assessed revictimization among MSM living with HIV, despite strong evidence for disproportionately high rates of life span abuse among this group, along with the added vulnerability of living with HIV and sexual minority stress. In this study, we contribute to the literature by exploring associations between multiple types of childhood and adult abuse experiences (physical, sexual, and psychological; perpetrated by partners and non-partner), rather than examining sexual victimization alone. A sample of 166 HIV-positive MSM attending primary HIV health care clinics in Seattle, Washington, completed a one-time questionnaire. Results of regression analyses revealed associations between experiencing CSA and adult sexual abuse, and experiencing childhood physical abuse and adult physical and sexual abuse. Childhood psychological abuse was associated with adult physical and psychological abuse and partner psychological abuse. At higher frequencies, childhood psychological abuse was associated with all forms of adult abuse. These findings suggest that various forms of childhood abuse experiences confer broad vulnerability to adult abuse experiences and point to potentially different pathways to revictimization based on childhood abuse type.
And then came culture
Authors: Dayan Colin
Published: July 2014

Both a tribute and ritual of remembrance, “And then came culture” elaborates the intensely political critique that Trouillot commanded throughout his life. Whether writing about Haiti, the silences of history, neocolonialism, or the relations between state and nation, he fought hard against the academic generalities and benign consensus that hid the realities of racism and erasure. One of the words that most haunted him—its uses and abuses—was the word “culture.” I trace that compelling concern throughout his work, most especially in a piece called “Adieu, Culture: A New Duty Arises,” a necessary warning about and corrective to the limits of liberal discourse.
What economists forgot (and what Wall Street and the City never learned)
Authors: Mennell Stephen
Published: July 2014

The article presents a figurational sociological perspective on the recent history of the discipline of economics in the wake of the global financial crisis or ‘Great Recession’ that began in 2007–8. It is argued that the orthodox mainstream of economics has provided ideological cover for abstract individualism, for short-term greed, and for the denial of the wider social responsibilities of business and finance. The faith in ‘free markets’ has been associated with a blindness to power relationships and an indifference to economic inequality. Orthodox economics is congruent with the mythical American Dream. The article draws upon the writings of Norbert Elias to reflect upon economics, and then in turn uses those reflections to raise some questions about Elias’s theories, particularly his ideas concerning functional democratization and increasing pressures towards more habitual foresight.
Augmented reality–based programming, planning and simulation of a robotic work cell
Authors: Pai Yun Suen , Yap Hwa Jen , Singh Ramesh
Published: July 2014

In this article, the development of an augmented reality–based robotic work cell is presented, consisting of a virtual robot arm, conveyor belt, pallet and computer numerical control machine that simulates an actual manufacturing plant environment. The kinematics of the robot arm is realized using Denavit–Hartenberg’s theorem, which enables complete manipulation of the end-effector in three-dimensional space when interacting with other virtual machines. Collision detection is implemented in two areas, namely, modifiable marker–based detection for the robot arm, which detects nearby obstacles as well as integration with object manipulation to pick and place a virtual object around the environment. In addition, an augmented heads-up display overlay displays live information of the current system. The case studies suggest that the proposed system can simulate a collision-free operation while displaying the coordinates of the virtual object, current tool equipped and speed of the conveyor belt, with a percentage error of less than 5%.
Grindability improvement of Ti-6Al-4V using cryogenic cooling
Authors: Setti Dinesh , Yadav Nitesh Kumar , Ghosh Sudarsan
Published: July 2014

Titanium and its alloys are well known for their difficult machinability nature. Because of Ti-6Al-4V alloy’s strong chemical affinity, high temperature and pressure during the grinding process, the formed chips easily weld onto the grinding wheel surface. This phenomenon reduces the wheel life and diminish the surface quality. To control the effect of temperature, most grinding operations today employ cutting fluids. These fluids help in improving the surface quality and increasing the wheel life. However, because of environmental and economic concerns, industries are now looking for sustainable alternative cooling techniques such as cryogenic cooling. The aim of this study is to present the application of liquid nitrogen cryogenic cooling as an alternative cooling technique for grinding Ti-6Al-4V alloys. To compare the effect of cryogenic condition, experiments were conducted under both dry and wet (soluble oil) conditions. Experimental results proved the effectiveness of cryogenic cooling in reducing the grinding force, obtaining better surface finish, and being less damaging to the surface condition. Finally, multiple regression models were developed to predict the normal force and tangential force in cryogenic condition. The developed models have been validated with experimental data, and the maximum prediction error of the model for normal and tangential forces was less than 12% and 9%, respectively.
Active vibration control of functionally graded plates under random excitation
Authors: Dogan Vedat
Published: July 2014

In this study, the active control of the nonlinear vibration of the functionally graded material plate under random excitation is presented. The functionally graded material plates considered are mixture of two materials such as metal and ceramic. The mechanical properties of the functionally graded material plate are graded in the thickness direction only according to a simple power-law distribution in terms of volume fraction of constituents. The temperature dependencies of the constituents of the functionally graded material plates are also considered. The plate governing equations are due to the classical plate theory with von Karman–type geometric nonlinearities. Discrete piezoelectric materials are symmetrically bonded to top and bottom surfaces of the functionally graded material plate as sensors and actuators. A velocity feedback control technique is employed. The external pressure is considered as stationary Gaussian random process and simulated by using Monte Carlo technique. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the viability of the lead zirconate titanate sensors/actuators to control the nonlinear random vibrations of the functionally graded material plates.
A Science of Social Work? Response to John Brekke
Authors: Shaw Ian
Published: July 2014

I take the opportunity provided by John Brekke’s (2012) article to respond to the general assumptions and approaches that may be brought when considering the question of a science of social work. I consider first, what should be our frames of reference, our communities of interest, or our boundaries of inclusion, for such a discussion? Second, in what sense, and at what level, is agreement on epistemology and ontology essential to the social work as science project? Third, in what sense do we think social work is or should be regarded as a discipline? I conclude that we should be bringing social work to bear on science just as persistently as we should do the converse. But the quest for a science of social work seems to me far less imaginative or far-reaching.
Climate Change and Transboundary Waters: A Study of Discourse in the Mekong River Commission
Authors: Gerlak Andrea K. , Schmeier Susanne
Published: July 2014

In our study of climate change discourse in the Mekong River Commission (MRC) over the past decade, we find that climate change policy strategies are framed as science-based actions. Scale is largely expressed in terms of short-term, immediate temporal horizons that are human-dominated and regionally based. Further, we uncover a broadening of climate change discourse across multiple scales to incorporate justice, integrated water resource management (IWRM), development, and security frames. These patterns not only reflect trends in the larger global water governance and climate change discourse and reinforce historic patterns in the Mekong River Basin, but they also signal more strategic efforts by the MRC and member states to attract donor support. In our examination of links between discourse and MRC climate change action, we argue that the MRC’s climate change actions narrowly reflect the production of studies and project scoping rather than real adaptive actions in the basin. We examine official documents of the MRC over the past decade to better understand how the discourse around climate change is framed and to what extent the discourse is linked to climate change actions.
Correlates of Syncope in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Jenab Yaser , Lotfi-Tokaldany Masoumeh , Alemzadeh-Ansari Mohammad-Javad , Seyyedi Seyyed Reza , Shirani Shapoor , Soudaee Mehdi , Ghaffari-Marandi Neda
Published: July 2014

Identification of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), as a cause of syncope, is important and may be life saving. We prospectively analyzed data on 335 patients with acute PTE. Relationships between syncope secondary to acute PTE and clinical findings, risk factors, and imaging modalities were analyzed. Of the 335 patients, 36 (10.7%) had syncope at presentation. Compared to patients without syncope, those with syncope had a higher frequency of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (94.3% vs 72.1%, respectively; P value = .004) and saddle embolism (24.2% vs 10.9%, respectively; P value = .044). Frequency of RV dysfunction was similar between patients with and without saddle embolism. Although not significant, more patients with syncope had a history of previous PTE ( P value = .086). By multivariable analysis, RV dysfunction and saddle embolism were independent correlates of syncope in patients with PTE. In-hospital mortality was not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, among patients with PTE, RV dysfunction and saddle embolism were the independent correlates of syncope.
The Profiles of Victims, Perpetrators, and Unfounded Beliefs in Honor Killings in Turkey
Authors: Doğan Recep
Published: July 2014

Despite Turkey’s increasing awareness of honor killings, many unfounded beliefs and assumptions still pervade concerning the general profiles of victims, perpetrators, and the crimes committed. These erroneous views are predicated upon a plethora of weak generalizations rather than robust research evidence. Yet, such claims have a significant impact on both the regulations aiming to combat these killings and the working practices of the officers struggling to prevent their occurrence. By deploying a qualitative interview method, corroborated by court rulings and prison files, and reflecting views of prisoners who have committed murder in the name of honor ( namus) in Turkey, the author, herein, attempts to construct a data-based description of honor killing.