bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Electrohydrodynamic Patterning of Micro Structures at Room Temperature
Authors: Li Xin , Ding Yu Cheng , Shao Jin You , Liu Hong Zhong
Published: August 2013

EHD (Electrohydrodynamic) patterning forming micro structures with UV light curable materials at room temperature is investigated in this paper. It is a process for fabricating patterns on polymer film by applying electrical field to the template and the substrate as an electrode pair. The maintaining time of EHD patterning is reduced from several hours to tens of minutes by using UV curable polymer with low viscosity. The flat template generates the periodic pillars with micro scale. The periodic pillars with different period are obtained by varying the applied voltage in the different phase of experiment. The micro scale replication with good fidelity is produced by using patterned template made of doped silicon wafer.
Research on Carbon Emissions Measurement of Coal-Energy Chain Based on Life-Cycle Assessment Method
Authors: Xu Jie
Published: August 2013

Thepaper proposes to established the measurement models of China's coal-energychain carbon emissions based on life-cycle analysis, Through comparing the source andsize of the greenhouse gas emissions of coal-energy chain, the paper gains the totalCO2 equivalent emissions of coal-fired power plant generate unit generatingcapacity during coal-energy chain by detailed calculations is 990.716331 gCO2/kwh.Among them, greenhouse gas emission of coal-fired power generation sector isthe main link in coal-energy chain and aslo the focus of regulation andemissino reduction. Finally puts forward some suggestions to achieve low-carbonpath of China'selectric power industry.
An In-Flight Emergency Alignment Scheme for Aircraft MINS with Assistant of Airborne SAR
Authors: Yao Yi , Pan Shuang , Chao Gao
Published: August 2013

The alignment of a strapdown inertial navagation system (SDINS) is the process whereby the orientation of body frame is determined with respect to the navigation frame [. In a broad sense, alignment of SDINS can be classified as initial alignment and in-flight alignment (IFA). The IFA is performed with IMU and external sensors during the vehicle flight [2,, in which the primary assistant sources are satellite system, radar, or other airborne equipment, offering reference signals like position, velocity, or attitude to assist the alignment process [4,. However, these sources have disadvantages in redundancy, independence, and stability, which will be incipient faults in emergency take-off or warfare. So it is necessary for us to analyse the subsidiary airborne equipments and design new in-flight alignment scheme.
Application of Sliding Mode Control for Wind Power Generation System
Authors: Zhao Zheng Yin , Wang Wu
Published: August 2013

The wind power generation system have strong nonlinear characteristics with many uncertain factors, which was hard to be controlled exactly by traditional controllers and the sliding mode control was proposed, the sliding surface was selected, the equivalent controller and sweithcing controller was designed. The wind power generation system was analyzed and the mathematical models of aerodynamics, drive train and electromagnetic subsystem were created. The control strategy was applied into wind power generation system with MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the simulation result shows this model is of more important significance on researching the power characteristic and control performance for power generation system, the sliding mode control with high power tracking performance, which can effectively implement maximum energy capture.
Intelligent Mobile Robot Navigation in an Uncertain Dynamic Environment
Authors: Azizi Aydin , Entesari Farshid , Osgouie Kambiz Ghaemi , Cheragh Mostafa
Published: August 2013

This paper presents a modified sensor-based online method for mobile robot navigation generating paths in dynamic environments. The core of the navigation algorithm is based on the velocity obstacle avoidance method and the guidance-based tracking algorithm. A fuzzy decision maker is designed to combine the two mentioned algorithms intelligently. Hence the robot will be able to decide intelligently in various situations when facing the moving obstacles and moving target. A noble noise cancellation algorithm using Neural Network is designed to navigate the robot in an uncertain dynamic environment safely. The results show that the robot can track a moving target while maneuvering safely in dynamic environment and avoids stationary and moving obstacles.
Elastic Formation Keeping Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Adapting to Flight Speed
Authors: Xu Guang Yan , Shi Yi Bo
Published: August 2013

For an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) formation in leader-follower mode, considering the relative position relationship between neighbor vehicles in the formation, an elastic distance vector is proposed. The dynamic equations of a flight speed adaptive UAV formation are established using the elastic distance vector we proposed. The state feedback controller is designed. Simulation results show that the controller can be used to control the follower vehicles to follow the leader vehicle maneuvering effectively and keep the desired formation well, most importantly, the relative distance between neighbor vehicles in the formation is adapted to the changes of flight speed.
Adsorption Kinetics of Pb2+ Ions Using Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Hong Ying , Zhong Ze Hui , Liu You Shi
Published: August 2013

Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by crosslinkingusing TPP. SEM showed that chitosan nanoparticles were successfully obtained.The adsorption characteristics of chitosan nanoparticles were evaluated. Theresults demonstrated that chitosan nanoparticles were suitable for adsorbent toremoval Pb2+. The parameters for the adsorption of Pb2+by chitosan nanoparticles were also determined. It was shown that chitosannanoparticles were fit for Langmuir’s isotherm model and that the adsorptionkinetics of Pb2+ described by the pseudo-second-order model could bebest.
Modeling the Machining Parameters of Micro Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of AL 2024 T351
Authors: Sivaprakasam Palani , Hariharan P.
Published: August 2013

This paper presents modeling and analysis of machining characteristics of Micro Wire Electro Discharge Machining (Micro-WEDM) process on Aluminium alloy (AL 2024 T351) using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The input variables of Micro-WEDM process were voltage, capacitance and feed rate. The surface roughness is considered as a response variable. Experiments were carried out on Aluminium alloy using Central Composite Design (CCD). The RSM and ANN models have been developed based on experimental designs for surface roughness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been employed to test the significance of RSM model. It has been found out that all the three process parameters are significant and their interaction effects are also significant on the surface roughness. Finally predicted values were compared with both modeling methodologies RSM and ANN.
An Analysis of Impacts of Computer Network on Marketing of Furniture Enterprises
Authors: Zhang Qiu Mei , Zhang Wei Mei
Published: August 2013

Network marketing is developed on the basis of application and development of modern electronic technology and communication technology. Compared with the traditional furniture marketing, it has obvious advantages in several aspects. Furniture enterprises should take a close grasp of this opportunity, enlarge investment in resources of network marketing, make full use of this sort of modernized marketing mode and better serve the business goal of furniture enterprises.
Synthesis Na-Y Zeolite by Hydrothermal
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhou Lan Ying
Published: August 2013

In this paper, thehydrothermal synthesis of NaY zeolite, and using SEM, XRD and FT-IR werecharacterized, on the crystallization process parameters were discussed andoptimized. Finalized under 100°Cin a particular formulation 12h synthetic zeolite crystallization has a highercrystallization rate and purity suitable for preparation of zeolite membranesas a seed.
Dynamic Stability and Natural Frequency of Composite Corrugated Bellows Expansion Joint
Authors: Rao N. Sujana , Radhakrishna M. , Prasad Amk
Published: August 2013

The paper deals with dynamic stability and natural frequency of composite corrugated bellows expansion joint. In this simplified formulae are developed by a thin walled pipe model. The dynamic model determined by integration method. According to the EJMA formulae the torsional stability calculation is modified using two different equivalent radii. The torsional natural frequencies are calculated using the formula based on equivalent thin walled pipe model. The modified formulae are verified by those from a finite element model and good agreement is shown between the simplified formulae and the finite element model.
Airport Pavement Groove Identification and Analysis at NAPTF
Authors: Wang Qiang , Davis Josh
Published: August 2013

Transverse grooves in an airport pavement allow water to be ejected from beneath the tires of an aircraft moving at high speed. It has been found that the grooves can efficiently reduce the hydroplaning potential of a pavement during wet weather. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) maintains a standard specification for groove configuration immediately after construction and during service. The National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF) performed a long period of real scale tests to investigate the performance of the current FAA standard square grooves and proposed trapezoidal grooves. This paper includes the comparison of trapezoidal and rectangular grooves under aircraft tire loading with service life. These two groove patterns were constructed on the flexible and rigid pavement respectively. In the automatic device measurement, a laser sensor from a truss profiler constantly detected the distance between the grooved surface and an initial standard line as the aircraft tires repeatedly passed through the grooved areas. An automatic groove identification program was also developed to evaluate the groove configurations. Our test results demonstrate that the trapezoidal grooves maintain a longer life shape configuration than rectangular grooves, especially for asphalt pavements.
Performance and Utilization of Recycled Aggregates for Airport Cement Concrete Pavement
Authors: Ling Jian Ming , Zhu Li Guo , Yuan Jie , Chai Zhen Lin , Luo Yong , Chen Shi Chang
Published: August 2013

Cement concrete of airport pavement can be crushed into aggregates for recycle using, and the performance and utilizations of the recycled aggregates were discussed and researched herein. Sieve analysis indicated that the concrete should be crushed many times till the percentage of critical size (31.5mm) can satisfy the gradation requirements. Due to loss of crystal water, the density and water absorption of recycled aggregates were different from the natural ones, so that an empirical corretion equation was addressed subsequently. When the recycled aggregates used in the stablized base, theres no avilable method could yield the optimum water content, therefore a series of compaction and compression tests were employed to set up a modified design method. The results indicated the shrinkage property of recycled aggregates were susceptible to the moisture, either the skeleton-dense material structure and limiting the fine aggregates content were possible ways to eliminate the sensitivity. 7-day unconfined compressive strength results proved the recycled aggregates were suitble for the base course of heavy duty highways and airfield in grade E/F as well.
Soil Stabilization for the Building of Unpaved Runways
Authors: Germinario Antonello , Schibani Antonella
Published: August 2013

This paper analyzes the bearing capacity of an unpaved runway built in Grazzanise military airport. Structural issues were studied during the planning phase. After carrying out tests required for soil classification, laboratory tests were carried out on different chemical stabilizers available on the market. Four test areas were created at the airport with the aim of finding the best solution in terms of bearing capacity and costs. These analyses showed that the best solution for soil stabilization was recycled ground pozzolan and calcium oxide and tests showed that this materials have a good CBR (California Bearing Ratio) average value.
Fundamental Study of Traffic Noise Characteristic due to Change Transverse Rumble Strip Shape
Authors: Lee Jae Jun , An Deok Soon , Lim Jae Kyu , Kwon Soo Ahn , Son Hyeon Jang , Eo Myong So
Published: August 2013

Transverse rumble strips were commonly installed on approaches to intersections, toll plazas, and horizontal curves. The main function is to alert drivers by creating noise and vibration. This TRS has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing traffic accident due to sleeping. However, there are some disadvantages in its utilization, such as traffic noise produced by TRS. The objective of this study was to quantify the level of traffic noise; to verify the effects of speed and TRS shapes. Two types of vehicles [sedan and minivan] were driven over four different patterns of TRS and over cement concrete pavement at four different speeds. Researchers measured the produce noise at 7.5m distance with 1.2 m height from center of the vehicle lane at each test section. Results indicate that vehicle type, speed, TRS shape affects created traffic noise. The sound level of Type A was statistically highest among others.
Static and Dynamic Backcalculation Analyses of an Inverted Pavement Structure
Authors: Maina James , Steyn Wynand JvdM , van Wyk Emile B. , le Roux Frans
Published: August 2013

A crucial part of any maintenance strategy is an intricate understanding of the material characteristics of the pavement, so that the current level of damage may be accurately assessed and an appropriate plan implemented. Advances in the precision to which these parameters can be determined, as well as improvements in how these results are interpreted under varying conditions of measurement and analysis, are essential in the effective execution of a maintenance strategy. Results from Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), which is a Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) device, can be used to predict elastic modulus of any layer by comparing measured deflection data to calculated values through an iterative process referred to as back-calculation. This paper presents a comparison between static and dynamic back-calculation procedures, specifically with regard to typical South African inverted pavements. The analysis indicates a dynamic analysis provides results of greater accuracy than a static analysis, although the effect of the difference requires further investigation.
Correlating the Dynamic Modulus and the Indirect Tensile Strength of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Md Rashadul Islam , Weldegiorgis Mekdim T. , Rafiqul A. Tarefder
Published: August 2013

This study has developed a relationship between the Dynamic Modulus (E*) and the Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) using standard laboratory tests programs. Two types of SuperPave (SP) mixtures were considered namely, SP-III with 15% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) materials and SP-III with 35% RAP materials. Cylindrical samples of 100 mm diameter and 150 mm height were prepared. The samples were then tested for |E*| value at 210C at several loading frequencies following the AASHTO TP 62-07 test protocol. Next, the samples were cut into circular pieces of 38 to 50 mm thickness using laboratory saw. The samples are then tested for ITS value by applying a deformation rate of 50 mm per minute (AASHTO T 283 protocol). The ITS was calculated following the AASHTO T 283-07 test standard. The |E*| values (MPa) of SP-III with 15% RAP at 25, 10, 5.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1 Hz are measured to be 65, 59, 52, 34, 31, and 18 times of ITS (psi) respectively. The |E*| values (MPa) of SP-III with 35% RAP at 25, 10, 5.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1 Hz are measured to be 41, 38, 33, 24, 20, and 14 times of the ITS (psi) respectively. This study also draws a conclusion that increase in RAP has resulted in increased stiffness and strength.
Effect of Aging on Resilient Modulus of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Idham Mohd Khairul , Mohd Rosli Hainin , Yaacob Haryati , Warid M. Naqiuddin M. , Abdullah Mohd Ezree
Published: August 2013

Asphalt hardens as a result of an aging process. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of field aging simulated by laboratory aging method of different hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture. Three types HMA mixtures were used for this study namely Asphaltic Concrete with 10 mm nominal maximum aggregate size (AC 10), Aspaltic Concrete 28 mm (AC 28) and Porous Asphalt 10 mm (PA 10). The resilient modulus test was carried out as an indicator of the performance at a 25 °C and 40 °C. Generally, all samples show similar trend which aged mixture produced slightly higher resilient modulus compared to unaged mixture while an increase in temperature from 25 °C to 40 °C might reduced the resilient modulus up to 88%. This study also found that the difference increment of resilient modulus after the aging process attributed by asphalt content, air void and gradation of respective mixtures.
Experimental Investigation on Properties of High Performance Concrete with Mineral Admixtures in Pavement of Highway
Authors: Yu Le Hua , Zhou Shuang Xi , Ou Hui
Published: August 2013

To meet demand of highperformance pavement concrete in highway, differentproportional concretes incorporating 30%—40% ground granulatedblast furnace slag and (or) fly ash were investigated on engineering properties in laboratory. Workability offresh concrete was evaluated by result of testing slump, mechanical property ofconcrete by flexural strength, abrasion resistance of concrete by index ofabrasion resistance and durability of concrete by chloride diffusioncoefficient and value of charge passed. The results indicate that measuredcharacteristics of concretes are superior to the relevant requisitions in specificationof highway. It was revealed that partial substitution ofmineral admixtures increased workability of fresh concrete, abrasion resistanceand durability of concrete. Addition of groundgranulated blast furnace slag is more favorable to flexural strength ofconcrete than that of fly ash, in particular for early-term to avoid delaying construction time with lower strength caused in use of greatvolume admixture.
Influence Factors and Prediction Model of Viscosity for Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt
Authors: Ding Zhan , Zhu Yang Zhi , Wu Shuang , Lv Ding Li
Published: August 2013

To reuse waste rubber tires is a global issue. One method of reusing tires is to process them into crumb-sized particles and produce crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA), which is a an effective way of reducing the pollution and resource utilization. Rotary viscosities of CRMA prepared under different conditions were measured to analyze the effects of treating methods, treating temperature, crumb rubber size, treating time and rubber dosage on the viscosity of CRMA. And a prediction model of viscosity of CRMA was developed. Test results indicate that, using the high-speed stirring method, viscosity of CRMA (η) appears quadratic function relationship with processing temperature (T) and crumb rubber mesh (D), exponential relation with the dosage of crumb rubber (R), but has no significant rule with the stirring time. By regression analysis, prediction model of viscosity of CRMA has a high viscosity fitting accuracy, which can provide a reference for production process of CRMA.
Investigation on Adhesive Behavior between Binder and Aggregate by Vialit Test under Low Temperature
Authors: Yi Jun Yan , Feng De Cheng , Bi Hong Tao , Yu Fei
Published: August 2013

Raveling, mainly caused by interfacial failure between binder and aggregate or cohesive failure of asphalt mortar, is one of the major causes of premature failure in asphalt pavements, and it also accelerates the severity of other distresses. The experiential adhesive experiment named Vialit Test under low temperature was chosen to investigate the adhesion behavior between binder and aggregate in this paper. The influence of aggregate size, aggregate types, binder types and impact energy were discussed. Quantity of ravelling aggregates and weight loss of aggregate and binders were used to evaluate the adhesive performance. Test results demonstrate that aggregate types have limited effects on the adhesion at low temperature, while aggregate size, binder types and impact energy have significant effects on adhesive performance between binder and aggregate. Binders with fine fillers exhibit better adhesion to aggregate when compares with pure asphalt.
Properties of Cement-Based Materials Containing Crystalline Sealer
Authors: Chao Sao Jeng , Cheng An , Lin Wei Ting , Hsu Hui Mi , Wu Yuan Chieh
Published: August 2013

This study investigated the influence of crystalline sealers and curing environment on compressive strength, splitting strength and elastic modulus of cement-based composites. Four kinds of crystalline sealers addition (0 %, 3 %, 5 % and 7 %) were used in the concrete specimens. SEM observations were assisted in verifying the results of mechanical properties. The test results demonstrated that the specimens increased the mechanical properties with the inclusion of crystalline sealers increased. The crystalline sealers reacted with cement to produce the crystals and hydrations, which could fill with the pore and supply a denser microstructure. This appearance was verified by the SEM micrographs. In inclusion, the cement-based composites containing 7 % crystalline sealers seem to give superior mechanical properties, and make the pores become finer and enhance the durability.
Strength and Freeze-Thaw Testing of Lightweight Aggregate Concretes
Authors: Lee Ming Ju , Lee Ming Gin , Chen Jing Yu , Tia Mang
Published: August 2013

This investigation indicates the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the strength development and durability of lightweight aggregate concretes. Two lightweight aggregate concrete, one normal concrete and one reactive powder concrete were used in this study, and total four types of concrete mix were named NC, LWC1, LWC2, and RPC. Before and after freeze-thaw test, the samples were evaluated by the compressive strength, fflexural strength, and impact abrasion tests. The test results show that steady decrease in compressive and flexural strength after freeze-thaw testing for most concrete specimens. The lightweight aggregate used in the LWC1 mix for this laboratory study had a good freeze-thaw performance history, but the LWC2 mix with lightweight aggregate approaching the 24-hour water absorption had a bad result. It might be due to the void volume required to release hydraulic pressure developed during cyclic freezing.
Use of Reservoir Siltation as CLSM for Subgrade Constructions
Authors: Wu Jason Y. , Lin Yi Jian
Published: August 2013

Reservoirs in Taiwan have been experiencing severe siltation problems due to unfavorable environmental conditions and numerous harmful human factors. This research conducts a bench scale experimental study to explore the potential of using reservoir siltation (RS) in controlled low strength material (CLSM) particularly for subgrade applications. Test results show that RS can be used for producing of acceptable CLSM through proper mix design procedures. Considering the requirements of pavement subgrade constructions, this study recommends a water/solid ratio of 0.7~0.8 and a cement/water ratio of 0.4~0.5 can be used for the design. The study proposes a promising solution to reuse reservoir siltation, save natural resource of granular fill, and ensure the quality of pavement subgrade constructions in most cases.
Utilization of Buton Natural Rock Asphalt as Additive of Bitumen Binder in Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Rusbintardjo Gatot
Published: August 2013

In Buton Island, an island located in South-East Sulawesi Island in Indonesia is found about 700 million tons natural rock asphalt (NRA) which have not been maximally utilized yet. Buton-NRA contains 20 to 30% of bitumen. This paper reported the first part of the research on utilizing of Buton-NRA as additive of bitumen binder in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Amount of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 50, and 65% of very fine of Buton-NRA was added into the bitumen, resulted Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder. Penetration and softening point test was conducted to get penetration index (PI) value, an index to determine the temperature susceptibility of the binder. The results show that the Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder has low temperature susceptibility. Use as binder in HMA mixtures also shown that the Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder can improve the performance of the mixtures. Marshall Stability and stiffness of the mixtures is higher compare to that of base bitumen binder, especially Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder with 50% of Buton-NRA, Marshall Stability reach 2374kg and stiffness 311kg.mm, while HMA mixtures with base bitumen (0% Buton-NRA) only has 1294kg of Marshall stability and 169kg/mm of stiffness.
A Sensitivity Study of RAP Cost and Performance on its Life Cycle Benefits
Authors: Chou Chia Pei , Lee Ning
Published: August 2013

This study inspects the benefits of using RAP on both financial and environmental aspects from life cycle viewpoints. The Life Cycle Cost Saving (LCCS) and the Life Cycle Carbon Reduction (LCCR) of various RAP mixtures (RAP content 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) to the virgin mixture are introduced and applied in this study. Carbon emission data of associated materials are obtained from PaLATE database. According to calculations, the RAP mixtures corresponding cost ratio and service life ratio exceed certain thresholds to have advantages over virgin mixtures. From a financial perspective, the service life ratio of RAP mixtures to virgin mixtures must be larger than the cost ratio of these two materials. For environmental benefit, the service life of RAP mixtures must be over 70% (40% RAP) to 90% (10% RAP) of that of the virgin mixture.
Aging Behavior of SBS Modified Asphalt in Coupled Water – Heat Condition
Authors: Geng Jiu Guang , Wang Qian , Li Wei Guang
Published: August 2013

The aging simulating tests of the SBS and SBS modified asphalt under the conditions of wet and dry are compared and the effect of water on the aging of modified asphalt was investigated by infrared spectroscopy analysis. The results showed that: after aging in the wet conditions the change range of asphalt performance increased. Infrared spectroscopy analysis results showed that the carbonyl content of asphalt and SBS after the aging in wet conditions increased. It was proved that the presence of water accelerated the aging of asphalt and SBS under the action of heat and oxygen. This is mainly due to the substances containing carbonyl groups is further oxidized into carboxylic acids under the action of water, while the double bond in SBS chain can occur the hydration reaction in the coupled WaterHeat condition and become the polar groups.
Alkali-Activated EAF Reducing Slag as Binder for Concrete
Authors: Zhong Wen Huan , Lu Tung Hsuan , Huang Wei Hsing
Published: August 2013

Electric arc furnace (EAF) reducing slag is the by-product of EAF steel-making. Currently, reducing slag is considered a waste material by the industry in Taiwan. Since the chemical content of reducing slag is similar to blast furnace slag (BFS), it is expected that reducing slag exhibits a similar pozzolanic effect as the BFS. This study used alkaline activator consisting of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide to improve the activity of reductive slag so as to replace Portland cement as binder in concrete. Some BFS was used to blend with the reducing slag to enhance the binding quality of alkali-activated mixes. The results show that a blend of 50% BFS and 50% reducing slag can be activated successively with alkali. Also, the sulfate resistance of concrete made with alkali-activated EAF reducing slag is found to be better than that of concrete made with portland cement, while the drying shrinkage of alkali-activated EAF reducing slag concrete is greater than that of portland cement concrete.
The Preliminary Study on Re-Utilization of Ferrous-Nickel Slag to Replace Conventional Construction Material for Road Construction (Sub-Grade Layer Improvement)
Authors: Huang Daud , Chen Shih Huang , Mon Hnin Hnin
Published: August 2013

Ferrous-nickel slag is an industrial waste material which produced from smelting process of ferrous-nickel uses in manufacturing of stainless steel and ferrous alloy industry, in China Guangdong province itself, it was estimated around 6-7million of ferrous-nickel slag has been produces annually, the common method in order to reutilize ferrous-nickel slag material is by using on cement industry (replace cement material) and as land-filling material. One of the main objectives of this study is to investigate the feasibility of reutilization of ferrous-nickel slag combined with soil improvement method to portion replace conventional construction materials such as sand and granular material on sub-grade or sub-base layer of pavement construction. Strength and swelling properties of ferrous-nickel slag and soil (sand) mixture after treatment with soil improvement agent will be use as main consideration the performances of ferrous-slag nickel material on road construction, includes 4-days soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR), 7-day Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and also swelling behaviour of the mixture.
The Research of the Feasibility of Using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement as a Material for Regenerated Low-Density Pervious Concrete
Authors: Hwang Sunn Jer , Sheu Chyi , Liu Ying Wei , Chen Hsien Chou
Published: August 2013

The research is to compound (1) the Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) with the asphalt penetration less than 15 (25°C, 5sec, 100g) and the gravel aggregates of the base course adopted from the existing roads, and (2) the cement binder into Regenerated Low-Density Pervious Concrete (RLDPC) whose the compressive strength is between 25 to 50 (kgf/cm2) and whose permeable capacity (ml/15sec) is greater than 600. The results show the RLDPC used as the pavement gravel gradation layer or as Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) that is more advantageous on (1) reducing the costs of re-filling pavement, (2) enhancing the durability of roads, and (3) increasing the flowing space of underground water.
Preliminary Study of Radio Frequency Identification on Underground Manhole's Surveys
Authors: Chang Jia Ruey , Yang Shu Rong , Lin Kun Hu
Published: August 2013

To provide certain level of serviceability, road authorities need to perform appropriate and timely maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) activities. Manholes on roads are the most persecution for the evenness of pavements. Lowering manholes into road structures is a good approach to keep the serviceability of pavement. However, a vast expanse of road systems greatly increases the complexity of manhole identifications. Therefore, an emerging method to find the manholes beneath pavements is needed. In this study, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology was used to identify manholes. RFID tags stuck on the metal were buried in asphalt concrete at different depths and then were identified from laboratory experiments. On the other hand, location-based service (LBS) has been applied to mobile devices with mobile positioning functions to provide users with location-specific services for several years. Augmented reality (AR) can support users in manipulating virtual objects in real environments. In this study, a mobile manholes monitoring system (MMS) and a web-based MMS based on LBS and AR were developed. The RFID adhered to covers of manholes beneath pavements can be easily monitored by the mobile MMS. The location and information of neighboring manholes will be transmitted from the web-based MMS and be shown on the mobile MMS based on the AR technology. By using RFID and AR technologies, the time and costs of manhole identifications can be significantly decreased and then pavement maintenance activities also can be timely processed.
Road Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment Scope Definition Using Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI)
Authors: Chang An Pi , Chou Chien Cheng , Lin Jyh Dong , Hsu Chen Yu
Published: August 2013

This research focuses on the study of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) for the new engineering development project of Suao-Hualian Section along the Eastern Freeway. The Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI) Mode is the quantitative assessment method developed by Americas Construction Industry Institute (CII), which is the EIA operation by incorporating PDRI in the road construction. The EIA-PDRI mode is mainly established according to the EIA related laws currently practiced in Taiwan and relevant expert questionnaires. Under such configuration, the Vector Weighing Method is based for setting up the weight between the Section, Category and Element. The verification result of this Research supports that the EIA-PDRI Assessment Mode can help set the preliminary scope of the project development while enhancing the EIA performance.
An Evaluation of Highway Work Zone Impact Factors on Driving Safety Using Complicated Indexes Based on Traffic Simulation System
Authors: Yan Jiao , Zhang Chi , Ding Meng Hua , Tsai Yi Chang James
Published: August 2013

There are quite a number of complicated factors that can affect driving safety on freeway work zone during reconstruction, for example, traffic volume, driver compliance rate (which means drivers who follow the posted speed limit), slope gradient, HGV rate and so on. This article uses the popular traffic simulation software VISSIM to simulate different situations. The results show that the safety of Upstream Transition Area and the place where speed limit signs locate are the lowest. It is recommended that speed limit signs should not be located that much, and cars and HGVs need to be more careful when merging into the Upstream Transition Area, and lower their speeds if necessary. Most important, compliance rate plays an important role in safety measures, and this provides a solid foundation for traffic control and management.
Characteristics of Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) Built-in Temperature in Different Climate Conditions
Authors: Hu Chang Bin , Sun Zeng Hua , Wang Li Juan
Published: August 2013

To understand the characteristics of early-age built-in temperature in JPCP, the actual data of construction climate conditions of typical regions in China were investigated. Based on the application of early-age JPCP temperature numerical simulation program, built-in temperature characteristics of early-age pavement in typical regions was analyzed. The results show that the pavement constructed in different climate conditions produce difference characteristics of early-age built-in temperature due to geographical distinction. Positive built-in temperature difference of JPCP is larger in the regions which have difference in temperature between day and night or higher solar radiation intensity, while the negative built-in temperature difference isn’t influenced obviously by different regions and paving conditions. The maximum positive (negative) built-in temperature difference generally appears in pavement constructed in hot summer. The air temperature is the major factor affecting built-in basic temperature. The higher air temperature, results in the higher built-in basic temperature (temperature in slab bottom) is.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Ethanol Diesel-Oil Alternative Fuel
Authors: He Ming Yue , Gao Hong Tao , Wang Yue Hui , Yan Wei , Yin Qing , Dong Jiang
Published: August 2013

For the purpose of providing a scientific reference for improving energy conservation and performance of marine diesel engine, the thermal balance analysis and exergy balance analysis and emission research on ethanol diesel-oil alternative fuel of the existing diesel engine are performed. All necessary data are obtained from an actual diesel engine of KTA50-M2 which is used in a boat located in Dalian. The result shows that engine performance parameters are of no big change, however, the exhaust emissions are significantly reduced.
Effects of FEC Additive on the Low Temperature Performance of LiODFB-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiang Rong , Li Fa Qiang , Jia Guo Feng , Peng Zheng Jun , Zhuge Qin
Published: August 2013

The low temperature performance of LiFePO4/Li cells based on lithium oxalyldifluoroborate (LiODFB) with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as addictive have been investigated. The result of ionic conductivity test shows that the use of 5% FEC can improve the conductivity of both LiPF6 and LiODFB electrolytes at low temperature. The electrochemical measurements of the cells show that the use of FEC can effectively improve the discharge capacity and has better kinetics characteristics and low temperature performance. The LiODFB cell with FEC also exhibits excellent cycling retention of 88.8% after 50 cycles at-20°C.
One-Pot Synthesis of Carbon-Coated ZnFe2O4 with Excellent Electrochemical Performance as an Anode in Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Yao Ling Min , Hou Xian Hua , Hu She Jun , Tang Xiao Qin , Liu Xiang
Published: August 2013

Carbon-coated ZnFe2O4 lithium anode with nanosize has been successfully synthesized by a one-pot green-chemical hydrothermal reaction with glucose as carbon source. An analysis of electrochemical performance showed that the prepared carbon-coated ZnFe2O4 anode exhibited high capacity retention. The initial charge-discharge specific capacity was approximately 1388 mAhg-1 and 1008 mAhg-1, respectively. And a reversible specific capacity could be maintained about 700 mAhg-1 after 100 cycles at a constant current density of 100 mAg-1, indicating good cycle ability compared with majority reported literatures. The excellent electrochemical performance was related to the carbon coating and nanoparticles, with which the electric conductivity of the material increased and the volume expansion and pulverization of the particles became increasingly reduced.
Study of MPPT Simulation Based on Power Prediction Method and Variable Step Incremental Conductance Method
Authors: Lu Qi Rong , Luo Jian Hui
Published: August 2013

Traditional incremental conductance method is one of the most widely used methods of MPPT in solar photovoltaic system. But oscillation and misjudgment also exist, which have a great impact on the efficiency and stability of solar system. This thesis proposes a new MPPT algorithm, that is, to combine power prediction method with incremental conductance method organically; simultaneously to apply variable step theory to reduce oscillation and avoid misjudgment. After the simulation in MATLAB7, it proved to be feasible by comparing with traditional incremental conductance.
Study on Pre-Esterification of Trench Oil and Preparation of Bio-Diesel
Authors: Xiao Zhi Hong , Zhang Ai Hua , Jiang Wei Wei , Zhang Hong Qin , Li Chang Zhu
Published: August 2013

In this study, the trench oil was processed by the technology of polyol pre-esterification and the bio-diesel was prepared using basic ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-butyl-imidazole hydroxide as a catalyst. The amount of ionic liquids, alcohol and oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time were investigated on the transesterification reaction. The results showed that the bio-diesel prepared conditions by trench oil are as follows: alcohol and oil molar ratio of 8:1, reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 110min and the amount of catalyst for the quality of raw materials 3.0% oil. Under these conditions, fatty acid methyl ester was 95.7% conversion rate.
Study on Consist Property of High Wax and Super-Viscous Crude Oil
Authors: Zhang Hong
Published: August 2013

The consist property analysis of Daqing and Nile-Oman high wax crude oil and Liaohe super-viscous crude oil was carried on in the paper. The result showed the key factor of high wax crude oil pour point increasing lies in the wax crystal forming and growing and agglomerating at low temperature. The reason of high viscosity of Liaohe super-viscous crude oil has correlation to the high nitrogen polar group weight. The polar groups can form hydrogen bond to make adhesion stronger. At the same time, the crude oil flowing was restrained by increase the macromolecule connection agglomeration in crude oil. The analysis of resin wax ratio of crude oil showed the better viscosity decline effect was appeared only in the condition of resin wax ratio was appropriate.
Effects of Na and V Co-Doping on Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4/C
Authors: Gu Ning Yu , Li Yang , Li Chao
Published: August 2013

To enhance the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C, Na and V have been co-doped in cathode material of the lithium ion batteries. A series of Na and V doped samples Li0.97Na0.03Fe(1-x)VxPO4/C (x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) cathode materials are synthesized by solid state method. Results show that the Li0.97Na0.03Fe0.97V0.03PO4/C exhibited the best electrochemical performances.
Experimental Investigation of Emissions from Biodiesel
Authors: Calay R. K. , Pisac C.
Published: August 2013

Biodiesel from waste cooking oil offers sustainable alternative to diesel. This paper presents an experimental investigation of combustion of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil to study the characteristics of biodiesel emissions compared to diesel. The combustion of neat biodiesel and biodiesel blended in different ratios with diesel was investigated using continuous combustion rig. The temperature of combustion gases, emissions of un-burnt HC and NO for different airflow rates were evaluated. Differences in the chemical composition between biodiesel and diesel result in different mechanisms of NO and HC formation. The results provide insight into combustion and emission from biodiesel. It was observed that the combustion gas temperature (CGT), adiabatic flame temperature, unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) decrease, while nitrogen oxides (NOx) increases when the proportion of biodiesel is increased in the blend. Combustion of biodiesel blends for 2% excess O2 shows the best compromise between the reduction in unburned HC and the lowest increase in NOx. It can be concluded that biodiesel made from waste cooking oil has potential to use as alternative to diesel fuel in internal combustion engine and has significant environmental benefits compare to diesel.
A Novel Active Ni-Ce-Al-Mixed Oxide Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane
Authors: Ruheng A. , Wang Jiang , Bao Zhao Ri Ge Tu
Published: August 2013

Ni-Ce-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with various Ni:Ce:Al molar ratios (3: 0.1:0.9, 3:0.2:0.8 and 3:0.5:0.5) were prepared by Co-precipitation. Ce can replace Al in a wide range of Ce/Al ratios to form Ni-Ce-Al-LDH with the unique layered structure of hydrotalcite. After the calcined at 600°C, LDHs samples were converted to mesoporous NiO-CeO2 mixed oxides with a high surface area. The Ni-Ce-Al mixed oxide catalysts exhibit superior catalytic activity in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane and the excellent activities were attributed to mesoporous structure and the suppression of coke deposition.
Modeling and Control Technology of the Z-Source Inverter PV Grid-Connected System in the New Energy Equipment
Authors: Xu Xiao Li , Meng Ling Xia , Liu Qiu Shuang , Wang Xi Bin
Published: August 2013

Z-source inverter is the key part of the new energy equipment. A model of Z-source inverter has been built by using the State Space Average Overall Modeling method. It can achieve the linkage control of the direct zero vector d and modulation factor m. According to the model, a control system adopted MPPT tracking control and voltage & current double loop grid-connected control is designed to realize the coordinated control. SHEPWM modulation strategy is used to ensure that the grid current waveform quality. Z-source photovoltaic grid-connected experimental system has been designed and carried out, and the experimental results verify the validity and correctness of the control system.
Calculation of Enthalpy and Entropy of Oil Vapor in Condensation Process
Authors: Guo Lan Lan , Du Guang Sheng
Published: August 2013

In the process of oil vapor condensation, the phase and percentage content of each composition can be obtained by phase equilibrium calculation. On this basis, as the correction of ideal enthalpy and entropy, the residual enthalpy and entropy can be calculated by LKP equation and complementary function. Four kinds of oil vapor under different temperature were calculated by program written in VC++. The results are closed to that of Aspen software, so it can be taken as the basis of follow-up process simulation.
Effect of by-Products from Wet-Oxidation Explosion on the Growth and Fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Gong Mei Zhen , Zhao Ru Ming , Li Zhi Jun , Yao Juan , Gong Da Chun
Published: August 2013

Effect of by-products from wet-oxidation explosion, such as formic acid, acetic acid, and furfural on the growth and fermentation, glycolysis and energy metabolism, cytomembrane integrality of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. The results showed that the maximum tolerated concentra tion of S. cerevisiae was 1.8 g/L formic acid , 6.0 g/L acetic acid,2.5g/ furfural, respectively. The inhibition strengths of the typical inhibitors to ethanol fermentation were in the order of formic acid , acetic acid , furfural. When the concentration of these typical inhibitors is 1×IC80 , acetic acid has the minimum impact on glycolysis and energy metabolism . When the concentration of these typical inhibitors was 2×IC80, furfural had minimum impact on glycolysis and energy metabolism. However , formic acid can inhibit strongly the glycolysis and energy metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with any concentration . When compared with ethanol, the impact of these typical inhibitors on S. cerevisiae's cytomembrane integrality was not very significant. When the concentration of these typical inhibitors varied from 1×IC80 to 3×IC80 , the results of the leak of Mg2+ was 11%-20% formic acid, 5%-12% acetic acid, 4.5%-8.4% furfural, respectively. However, the result of ethanol that leaded to the leak of Mg2+ was 55%.
The Preparation Methods of Fe2O3/Al2O3 Oxygen Carriers and their Chemical Looping Combustion Performance
Authors: Liu Zi Song , Wei Yong Gang , Li Kong Zhai , Wang Hua , Zhu Xing , Du Yun Peng
Published: August 2013

60wt%Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carriers were prepared by different methods and characterized by means of XRD, H2-TPR, infrared gas analyzer. The effects of preparation methods on the structure and activity of Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carriers for chemical looping combustion of methane were also investigated. The factors on the selectivity of CO2 in the chemical looping combustion process at different reaction temperatures were discussed. Methane can be quickly converted to CO2 and H2O with high selectivity at 850°C for 15 min. After redox cycling in alternant methane/air atmosphere for 30 times, the formation of CO2 was enhanced, indicating higher activity of oxygen carrier after the redox experiment.
Esterification of Oleic Acid and Bioalcohols Using Immobilized Lipase
Authors: Mulalee Sawittree , Chanprasert Jiranan , Kerdpoksup Piboon , Sawangpanya Netnapa Sawangpanya , Phisalaphong Muenduen K.M.
Published: August 2013

Biodiesel has been receiving significant attention as a renewable and nonpolluting fuel. In this study, oleic acid and bioalcohols (ethanol and butanol) were used as substrates for biodiesel production. The reactions were performed in a solvent-free system using immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) as biocatalyst in a batch esterification process. The optimal conditions were 45°C, oleic acid to alcohol molar ratio of 1:2, Novozym 435 loading at 5% based on oleic acid weight and 250 rpm, in which the free fatty acid (FFA) conversion at 91.0% was obtained after 12 hours of the reaction.