bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application Analysis of 5G Intelligent Communication Technologies in the Field of Sports Distance Education
Authors: Zhang Yuanfeng
Published: May 2022

China has entered a new era of fifth generation (5G)technology, college students are relatively quick to accept new things, and the traditional teaching mode cannot fully stimulate students’ interest in sports activities. Therefore, the 5G integrated teaching mode based on communication technology is an inevitable trend of sports distance education curriculum reform. Technologyand sports have been deeply intertwined for a long time. However, new opportunities are now rapidly expanding on the Internet, and the result is a huge data.This paper proposes a novel 5G framework for an efficient sports distance education. Initially, the sports dataset is preprocessed using normalization. The features are extracted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Then, feature selection process is done. Classification is done using Hierarchical Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Network (HM-CNN). The 5G network is initialized using Enhanced Transmission Control Protocol (E-TCP) for an efficient data transmission. The performance of the proposed system is improved by Elevated Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (EACO). Using MATLAB simulation tool, we analyze and compare the performance of the proposed system with the existing methodologies. The results show that the experimental results of 5G integrated teaching reform based on communication technology show that the teaching reform experiment can effectively increase the number of college students’ sports population
Uncovering novel MHC alleles from RNA-Seq data: Expanding the spectrum of MHC class I alleles in sheep
Authors: Buitkamp Johannes
Published: May 2022

Background
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I glycoproteins present selected peptides or antigens to CD8+ T cells that control the cytotoxic immune response. The MHC class I genes are among the most polymorphic loci in the vertebrate genome, with more than 20tsd alleles known in humans. In sheep, only a very small number of alleles have been described to date, making the development of typing systems or functional studies difficult. A cost-effective way to identify new alleles could be to use already available RNA-Seq data from sheep. Current strategies for aligning RNA-Seq reads against annotated genome sequences or transcriptomes fail to detect the majority of class I alleles. Here, I combine the alignment of RNA-Seq reads against a specific reference database with de novo assembly to identify alleles. The method allows the comprehensive discovery of novel MHC class I alleles from RNA-Seq data (DinoMfRS).
Results
Using DinoMfRS, virtually all expressed MHC class I alleles could be determined. From 16 sheep a total of 61 sheep MHC class I alleles were identified, of which 53 were previously unknown. In addition, it was shown that DinoMfRS can be used to improve the annotation of MHC genes in the sheep genome sequence.
Conclusions
DinoMfRS solved the problem of annotating MHC genes from NGS data. Successful application to RNA-Seq data from 16 animals has approximately doubled the number of known alleles in sheep. By using existing data, alleles can now be determined very inexpensively for populations that have not been well studied. In addition, MHC expression studies or evolutionary studies, for example, can be greatly improved in this way, and the method should be applicable to a broader spectrum of other multigene families or highly polymorphic genes.
Sustainable refining of vegetable oil made easy with a designer phospholipase C enzyme
Authors: Val Diego S. , Marchisio Fiorela , Nardo Luisina Di , Peiru Salvador , Aguirre Andres , Abriata Luciano A. , Palacios Luis , Rasia Rodolfo M. , Castelli Maria E. , Menzella Hugo G.
Published: May 2022

Enzymes are extraordinary catalysts and a preferred tool for green chemistry, but they have not evolved to tolerate the harsh conditions required in large-scale chemical processes, making the replacement of inorganic catalysts extremely expensive in most cases. However, the continuous knowledge generated by protein engineers helps to realize the promise of using biocatalysts to address critical environmental and industrial challenges. The increasing demand for food and biofuels pressures the vegetable oil industry to continuously improve its manufacturing efficiency and at the same time mitigate the environmental pollution caused by the refineries. Enzymatic degumming is a key enabling technology to obtain cleaner and more efficient methods, but advanced enzymes are needed for widespread adoption. Here, we present an enzymatic degumming process based on chPLC, a synthetic phospholipase C with remarkable thermal stability and catalytic properties. The process developed does not require modifications in current soybean oil factories, avoiding upfront investments, and is four times faster than the enzymatic processes available in the market. A techno-economic analysis predicts a ~ 60% cost reduction for a base-case scenario, establishing the largely expected conditions to promote the global adoption of enzymatic oil degumming by refineries of all sizes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the application of a synthetic enzyme designed to address an industrial need having an impact on both the global economy and the environment, in the billion-dollar range.
A dynamic comprehensive mathematical model for Malthusian principles
Authors: Ji Yichen , Ji Ming
Published: May 2022

The Malthusian Trap is a mechanism that describes how population growth suppresses the average income in the pre-industrial human history. Studies of the pre-industrial world demonstrated the staggering effect of the average income worldwide. From the original Malthusian literature,"The perpetual tendency in the race of man to increase beyond the means of subsistence is one of the general laws of animated nature which we can have no reason to expect will change.", the tendency to "increase beyond the means of subsistence" is an axiom of the Malthusian Trap mechanism. The the tendency to "increase beyond the means of subsistence" can also be understand as increase the birth rate as high as possible. On the other hand, the birth rate is observed to be decreasing drastically in modern society. The Demographic transition theory demonstrate this transition from high-birth-high-death to low-birth-low-death over economical development. This paper developed a comprehensive mathematical model that tries explain the high-birth tendency and the transition from high-birth-high-death states to low-birth-low-death states. In the model, 3 fundamental elimination processes are demonstrated. 1) The High-Birth-Elimination explains the tendency to increasing birth rate; 2) the Low-Average-Elimination forces decreasing living condition; and 3) the High-Quota-Elimination based on extra resource force gain access to extra resources for creatures or economical developments for human being. The elimination process demonstrated two drastically different situation. Under Malthusian trap, the average income decreased as low as possible while birth rate is pushed as high as possible. Out of Malthusian trap, the average income growth rate is pushed high by decreasing birth rate. The model draws a necessary and sufficient condition between the Malthusian trap and the elimination processes, thus explained the transition from high-birth-high-death to low-birth-low-death based on escaping Malthusian trap.
The reliability analysis based on the generalized intuitionistic fuzzy two-parameter Pareto distribution
Authors: roohanizadeh Zahra , Jamkhaneh Ezzatallah Baloui , Deiri Einolah
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the two-parameter Pareto lifetime distribution is considered with vague shape and scale parameters, where parameters are set as generalized intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. A new LR type intuitionistic fuzzy number is introduced, and cuts of the new fuzzy set are provided. The generalized intuitionistic fuzzy reliability characteristics such as reliability, conditional reliability, hazard rate and mean time to failure functions are defined, along with the special case of the two-parameter Pareto generalized intuitionistic fuzzy reliability analysis. Furthermore, the series and parallel system reliability are evaluated by the generalized intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Finally, for certain cases of the fuzzy shape and scale parameters and cut set values, the generalized intuitionistic fuzzy reliability characteristics are provided and compared through several illustrative plots.MSC Classification: 03E72 , 90C05 , 90C70
Ridged twin boundaries as prolific dislocation sources in high-entropy alloys and other low stacking-fault energy metals
Authors: Yu Qian , Fu Xiaoqian , Ding Jun , Ozsoy-Keskinbora Cigdem , Yang Guang , Chen Yujie , Fang Yan , Park Eun Soo , Zhang Ze , Ritchie Robert , Ma En
Published: May 2022

Dislocation activities play an important role in mediating plastic deformation, even in metals that are prone to deformation twinning. Combining multi-scale and in situ electron microscope characterizations, here we report a discovery of a unique type of dislocation sources that are particularly fertile in low stacking-fault energy materials, including CrCoNi-based high-entropy alloys and twinning-induced plasticity steel. These sources reside on nano-sized ridges, which form strings along the borders between different twin variants to accommodate the multiple twinning relationships. Upon plastic deformation, such ridge-twin structures act as an effective dislocation generator, from which dislocations are emitted into the coherent twin boundaries or cross slip into the interior of grains. At larger strain, the incoherent boundaries of the nano-sized ridge-twins emit partial dislocations to mediate deformation twinning as well. Molecular dynamic simulations indicate that the formation of nano-sized ridge-twin structures is energetically favorable at the junctions between multiple twins, explaining why such structures are ubiquitously populous in the twinned architectures that are commonplace in the several low stacking-fault energy materials that we investigated. These results shed light on understanding the origin of dislocation plasticity in low stacking-fault energy metals and alloys including those known for twinning-induced plasticity.
Spray electrolyte plasma polishing of GH3536 superalloy manufactured by selective laser melting
Authors: Wu Yuliang , Wang Lei , Zhao Jiyuan , Zhang Chao
Published: May 2022

The paper deals with the studies on spray electrolyte plasma polishing (SEPP) of the GH3536 superalloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM). The theoretical operation of SEPP is shown. The GH3536 superalloy plate manufactured by SLM is used as the experimental specimen. The regularity of surface roughness on cathode feed velocity is presented. Key parameters, like distance between anode and cathode, voltage, temperature and flow rate of the electrolyte are investigated. The surface roughness, micro morphology and chemical composition of the specimen before and after polishing are detected. SEPP technology is found to decrease the surface roughness from Ra = 13.93 µm to 0.107 µm, and the specimen is smooth and bright without obvious processing traces. The oxides and other impurities on the surface of the specimen are removed, and the contents of Ni, Cr and Fe increase. The SEPP technology proposed in this paper, as a new green and efficient surface finishing technology, has the potential for further development.
Nucleotide imbalance driven by dTMP hydrolysis by cytosolic thymidylate 5'-phosphohydrolase induces apoptosis in metabolically vulnerable TNBC Cells
Authors: Kim Dae-Ho , Kim Jin-Sook , Mok Chang-Soo , Chang En-Hyung , Choi Jiwon , Lim Junsup , Kim Chul-Ho , Park Ah-Reum , Bae Yu-Jeong , Koo Bong-Seong , Lee Hyeon-Cheol
Published: May 2022

Immunotherapy has a number of advantages over traditional anti-tumor therapy but can cause severe adverse reactions due to an overactive immune system. In contrast, a novel metabolic treatment approach can induce metabolic vulnerability through multiple cancer cell targets. Here, we show a therapeutic effect by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in TNBC cells, by treating with cytosolic thymidylate 5'-phosphohydrolase (CT). We show that a sustained consumption of dTMP by CT could induce dNTP imbalance, leading to apoptosis as TCA intermediates were depleted to mitigate this imbalance. These cytotoxic effects appeared to be different, depending on substrate specificity of the 5’ nucleotide or metabolic dependency of the cancer cell lines. Using representative TNBC cell lines, we reveal how the TNBC cells were affected by CT-transfection through ECAR/OCR analysis and differential transcription/expression levels. We suggest a novel approach for treating refractory TNBC by an mRNA drug that can exploit metabolic dependencies to exacerbate cell metabolic vulnerability.
Multi-ethnic, phenome-wide association of complement component 4 variation with psychiatric and brain developmental phenotypes in youth
Authors: Hernandez Leanna M. , Kim Minsoo , Zhang Pan , Bethlehem Richard A.I. , Hoftman Gil , Loughnan Robert , Smith Diana , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Fan Chun Chieh , Bearden Carrie E. , Thompson Wesley K. , Gandal Michael
Published: May 2022

Background: Increased expression of the complement component 4A (C4A) gene is associated with greater lifetime risk of schizophrenia. In the brain, C4A is involved in synaptic pruning; yet, it remains unclear the extent to which upregulation of C4A alters brain development or is associated with risk for psychotic symptoms in childhood. Here, we performed a multi-ethnic phenome-wide association study in 7,789 children aged 9-12 years to examine the relationship between genetically-regulated expression (GREx) of C4A, childhood brain structure, cognition, and psychiatric symptoms. Results: While C4A GREx was not related to childhood psychotic experiences, cognition, or global measures of brain structure, it was associated with a localized reduction in regional surface area (SA) of the entorhinal cortex. Furthermore, we show that reduced entorhinal cortex SA at 9-10 years predicts greater number and severity of psychosis-like events at 1-year and 2-year follow-up timepoints. We also demonstrate that the effects of C4A on the entorhinal cortex are independent of genome-wide polygenic risk for schizophrenia. Conclusions: Our results suggest neurodevelopmental effects of C4A on childhood medial temporal lobe structure, which may serve as a biomarker for schizophrenia risk prior to symptom onset.
Developing of a Total Knee Arthroplasty Simulator in the COVID-19 Era: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Attar Mojtaba Khajeh Alizadeh , Maghbouli Nastaran , Same Kaveh , Vosoughi Fardis , Nikkhah Amirabbas , Ghaffari Amir , Foroughi Najmeh , Ershadi Farhoud Saeid , Zanjani Leila Oryadi , Nabian Mohammad Hossein
Published: May 2022

Objective
Surgery simulators have gained popularity in medical education during recent decades especially following COVID-19 pandemics. This study was designed to find the most effective and applicable model for development of total knee arthroplasty surgery simulator.
Method
The protocol of this study is evaluated and confirmed by Tehran university of Medical Sciences research committee (No: 52841-101-1-1400) in March 2021. This is a qualitative study using focus group discussion (FGD) for data gathering. Three FGDs were performed through online platform. Eligible five orthopedics residents, four fellowship trainees, and seven university professors from 3 different university hospitals were interviewed.
Results
The main domains of discussion were the necessity of a TKA simulator, virtual vs. physical model, bone and soft tissue characteristics, and the feedback system. 12% of participants (2 senior residents) said a virtual model has more advantages than a physical one while the other two thought physical model is more applicable. 12% of them (One senior resident and a fellowship trainee) suggested a mixed model would be more useful. The essential parts of the TKA simulator were mainly addressed by fellowship trainees focusing on presence of foot, ankle and hip in the model and inclusion of vital soft tissue elements and ligaments and tendons (especially collateral ligaments). Gap balancing was noticed as a crucial part by 40% of participants (senior residents and fellowships). To improve the simulator, participants suggested that it should have a modular design with sensors to alarm any damage to vital elements and feedbacks given during the procedures.
Conclusion
Through this study, the participants highlighted the most important parts of hard and soft tissues in the model, as well as the fundamental points in designing the TKA simulator.
Multi-LSTM: A Multiscale Long Short-Term Memory-Based Framework for Predicting Time-Series Transcriptomic Gene Expression
Authors: Zhou Ying , Jia Erteng , Shi Huajuan , Liu Zhiyu , Sheng Yuqi , Pan Min , Tu Jing , Ge Qinyu , Lu Zuhong
Published: May 2022

RNA degradation can significantly affect the results of gene expression profiling, with subsequent analysis failing to faithfully represent the initial gene expression level. It is urgent to have an artificial intelligence approach to better utilize the limited data to obtain meaningful and reliable analysis results in the case of data with missing destination time. In this study, we propose a method based on signal decomposition technique and deep learning, named Multi-LSTM. It is divided into two main modules, one decomposes the collected gene expression sequences by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm to obtain a series of subsequences with different frequencies to improve data stability and reduce modeling complexity. The other is based on long short-term memory (LSTM) as the core predictor, aiming to deeply explore the temporal nonlinear relationships embedded in the subsequences. Finally, the prediction results of subsequences are reconstructed to obtain the final prediction results of time-series transcriptomic gene expression. The results show that EMD can efficiently reduce the nonlinearity of the original sequences, which provides a reliable theoretical support to reduce the complexity and improve the robustness of LSTM models. Overall, the decomposition-combination prediction framework can effectively predict gene expression levels at unknown time points.
The effect of preoperative sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on the incidence of perioperative metabolic acidosis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Iwasaki Yudai , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Horikita Sho , Furukawa Taku , Shiotsuka Junji , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sanui Masamitsu
Published: May 2022

Background
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-is) are a novel class of anti-hyperglycemic agents. Although several cases of perioperative euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis have been linked to these medications, the association remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between SGLT2-i use and the incidence of perioperative metabolic acidosis with euglycemia, the surrogating outcome of perioperative euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis.
Methods
This was a retrospective, matched cohort study, which was conducted in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care facility in Japan. We identified patients aged 20 years or older with diabetes mellitus who received pharmacologic therapy and were admitted to the intensive care unit after elective surgery between April 2014 and March 2019. We extracted the following data from the electronic medical records for matching: age, sex, surgery year, surgical site, hemoglobin A1c level, and prescription for SGLT2-is. Eligible patients were divided into two groups, those who were prescribed SGLT2-is (SGLT2-I group) and those who were not (control group). For each patient in the SGLT2-i group, we randomly selected four patients from the control group matched for the extracted characteristics. The primary outcome was the incidence of metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap and euglycemia. The secondary outcome was the lowest pH value of each patient during their intensive care unit stay.
Results
A total of 155 patients were included in this study. Patients receiving SGLT2-is had comparable characteristics to the control participants; however, the proportions of patients undergoing dialysis were not similar. Metabolic acidosis with euglycemia was seen in 7/31 (22.6%) patients receiving SGLT2-is and in 10/124 (8.1%) control patients (p = 0.047).
Conclusions
This study shows that the use of SGLT2-is is associated with a significantly higher incidence of metabolic acidosis with euglycemia. Patients receiving SGLT2-is who are scheduled to undergo invasive surgical procedures should be closely monitored for the development of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis.
miR-582-5p regulates cell stemness and recurrence in bladder cancer via targeting CD81
Authors: Xie Tianlei , Zhang Zhongqing , Cao Wenmin , Chen Wei , Guo Hongqian , Zhuang Junlong
Published: May 2022

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous stem cell disease. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the drivers of tumor growth and recurrence, with the ability to self-renew, metastasize, and resist chemotherapy. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of CSCs driving BC recurrence and progression remains unclear.Objective: To explore the underlying molecular mechanism of CSCs driving BC recurrence and progression.Methods: Tumor xenograft model in vivo was established after 4-6-week-old male nude mice were subcutaneously injected with 5×106 of T24 and 5637 cells in 0.1 mL 50% Matrigel. Pearson correlation analysis analyzed the correlation between miR-582-5p and CD81, and which was furtherly verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Sphere formation assay, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), qRT-PCR and Western blot were carried to examine sphere formation, ALDHhigh populations, the level of genes and proteins. Multivariate analysis was carried to explore the factors associated with recurrence free survival of BC patients.Results: MiR-582-5p was down-regulated in patients with BC, and miR-582-5p overexpression negatively correlated with BC stemness. Mechanically, miR-582-5p negatively targeted to CD81. Functionally, miR-582-5p overexpression inhibited BC stemness and recurrence via targeting CD81.Conclusion: Our study illustrated that miR-582-5p inhibited cell stemness and recurrence via targeting CD81 in BC. Our findings illustrated the specific molecular mechanism of miR-582-5p inhibiting BC progression. MiR-582-5p may serve as the novel biomarker for BC clinical therapeutics and prognosis.
Undiagnosed butyrylcholinesterase deficiency: a train of four ratio conundrum following the use of succinylcholine and a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant
Authors: Wong Patrick , Ashby Oliver
Published: May 2022

We describe a rapid sequence induction with succinylcholine in a patient with undiagnosed butyrylcholinesterase deficiency. Vecuronium was administered without confirmation of recovery from succinylcholine. At the end of surgery, a train of four (TOF) ratio of 68% was obtained. Neostigmine administration was associated with inadequate reversal, erroneously perceived failure of neuromuscular monitoring, and premature awakening and extubation. Subsequent sugammadex resulted in an increased block. Administration of succinylcholine in patients with undiagnosed butyrylcholinesterase deficiency results in a prolonged block. Attempted neostigmine reversal is unpredictable and unreliable as the presence of TOF fade does not predict reversibility.
50C fast-charge Li-ion batteries using graphite anode
Authors: Sun Chuangchao , Ji Xiao , Weng Suting , ruhong Li , Huang Xiaoteng , Zhu Chunnan , Xiao Xuezhang , Deng Tao , Chen Lixin , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Chunsheng , Fan Xiulin
Published: May 2022

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) now have made inroads into the electric vehicle market with high energy densities, yet they still suffer from slow kinetics limited by the graphite anode. Here, we design electrolytes enabling extreme fast charging (XFC) of microsized graphite anode without Li plating. The comprehensive characterizations and simulations on the diffusion of Li+ in the bulk electrolyte, charge-transfer process, and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) demonstrate that high ionic conductivity, low desolvation energy of Li+ and protective SEI are essential for XFC. Based on the criterion, two fast-charging electrolytes are designed. Low-voltage 1.8 M LiFSI in 1,3-Dioxolane (DOL) ether electrolyte is for LiFePO4||graphite cells, while high-voltage 1.0 M LiPF6 in a mixture of 4-Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC) and Acetonitrile (AN) (7:3 by vol.) is for LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2||graphite cells. The former electrolyte enables the graphite electrode to achieve 180 mAh g−1 at 50C (1C=370 mAh g-1), which is 10 times higher than that with conventional electrolyte. The latter electrolyte enables LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2||graphite cells (2 mAh cm−2, N/P ratio = 1) to provide a record-breaking reversible capacity of 170 mAh g-1 at 4C charge and 0.3C discharge. This work unveils the key mechanisms for XFC and provides instructive electrolyte design principles for practical fast-charging LIBs with graphite anodes.
Marine algae extracts effects on cell proliferation on a malignant melanoma cell line and an immortalized fibroblast cell line
Authors: Ramezanpour Zohreh , Pirbasti Fateme Ghanbari , Waaland J. Robert
Published: May 2022

Methanol extract fractions from three Persian Gulf seaweeds were tested for their effects on cell proliferation in a human malignant melanoma cell line (A375) and immortalized human foreskin fibroblast cell line (Hu02-KP). The seaweeds Gracilaria salicornia, Padina boergesenii, and Polycladia myrica were collected from the intertidal zone of Qeshm Island. Cell survival and proliferation were assessed by ELIZA and MTT assays. Some fractions from G. salicornia and P. boergesenii showed significant inhibition of proliferation in the melanoma cell line (41-58% and more than 85% respectively) but not the fibroblast cell line. The most abundant components identified in both species were 1, 2 –benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester.
Social determinants and mental health needs of Palestine refugees and UNRWA responses in Gaza during the Covid-19 pandemic: a qualitative assessment
Authors: Jamal Zeina , ElKhatib Zoheir , AlBaik Shatha , Horino Masako , Waleed Mohammed , Fawaz Farah , Loffreda Giulia , Akihiro Seita , Witter Sophie , Diaconu Karin
Published: May 2022

Background: Refugees are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences of the pandemic due to pre-existing challenges, but the impact of the pandemic on this group remains to be understood. In this study, we aimed to uncover the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of Palestine refugees in Gaza, disentangling the role of social determinants. We further aimed to explore views on the effectiveness and acceptability of policies and strategies the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) implemented during the pandemic.Methods: This qualitative study took place between August and November 2020. Twenty-nine key-informant interviews were conducted with UNRWA Headquarters, Gaza Field Office, Health and Relief and Social Service staff and with community leaders and members residing in Rafah and Jabalia camps. We collected information on UNRWA’s strategies, people’s perception of those strategies, and personal and professional stressors during the pandemic. Data was coded based on the framework for social determinant of mental health. Results: Interview data suggest that the pandemic and social determinants mutually aggravated one another resulting in a major impact on the physical and mental health of Gazans. Women, children and daily-paid workers were acutely more disadvantaged than other groups of the community, experiencing violence and anxieties. Financial strain, violence, food insecurity, and disruption in the education process were reported by all participants. UNRWA reconfigured its methods of service delivery to continue the provision of essential services. The strategies enacted by UNRWA during the pandemic were generally perceived as helpful, yet not enough to respond to Gazans’ needs.Conclusion: The pandemic serves as a stark reminder of the need to broaden the public health response beyond disease management and prevention to address social determinants in order to improve refugees’ health and decrease their vulnerability to future shocks. UNRWA deployed telemedicine and mental telehealth services at short notice and the need to evaluate these new modes of remote service delivery is essential. The use of a hybrid approach, a combination of online and face-to-face therapy, could be useful as a long-term solution.
Improved hLigI inhibition activity of Curcumin Monocarbonyl Analogue-Dithiocarbamate Hybrids: Design, Synthesis and Biology
Authors: Singh Deependra Kumar , Mandalapu Dhanaraju , Kumar Sushil , Maurya Pooja , Krishna Shagun , Thakur Subhadra , Pant Suyash , Siddiqi Mohammad Imran , Sharma Vishnu Lal , Banerjee Dibyendu
Published: May 2022

Human DNA ligase (hLigI) plays an important role in the process of DNA replication and repair, making it an important target for cancer. In our tireless efforts for finding selective inhibitors against hLigI, this article reports the design, synthesis and biological activity of a series of 71 curcumin-monocarbonyl-dithiocarbamate hybrid molecules. Many of the synthetic compounds tested in this study show a significant inhibitory effect on the human DNA ligase 1 (hLig1) activity (> 90% inhibition) and demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activity against colon cancer cells (DLD-1) in a concentration dependent manner. In addition, at a concentration of 10 µM, certain compounds showed selective activity towards DLD-1 cells as compared to the normal HEK-293 cells. Overall, our studies demonstrate that two compounds in this series (27 and 49) have significantly better DNA ligase 1 inhibition and anti-proliferative activities than the previously reported monocarbonyl-curcumin hybrid (compound 23*). This study brings us closer towards our quest to explore the molecular space for novel hLig1 inhibitors and to find inhibitors that will be suitable for clinical trials in cancer patients.
Association of domain-specific physical activity with depression: findings from NHANES 2007-2018
Authors: Zhang Hui , He Fan , Li Yi , Hu Zixin
Published: May 2022

It remains unclear whether all PA domains (e.g., occupation related [OPA], transportation related [TPA] and leisure-time [LTPA]) have equivalent beneficial effects. We aimed to investigate associations of OPA, TPA and LTPA with depression in adults. We included and analyzed 31221 participants (aged ≥18 years) from cross-sectional survey of 2007-2018 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The PA domains were assessed by self-reported questionnaire and categorized based on the PA Guidelines. Depressive symptoms were measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Participants achieving PA guidelines (≥150 min/week) were 26% (Odd ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-0.80) and 43% (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.51-0.62) less likely to have depression depending on total PA and LTPA, respectively; while OPA or TPA was not demonstrated lower risks of depression. LTPA at levels of 1-149, 150-299 and ≥300 min/week was associated 31% (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.60-0.78), 43% (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.49-0.67) and 51% (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.43-0.55) lower odds of depression, respectively. LTPA, but not OPA or TPA, at any amount, was associated with lower risk of depression, suggesting significant mental health would benefit from increased PA, even at levels below the recommendation.
The behavioral responses of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) to hydrolyzed yeast and some sugars
Authors: Tiring Gülsevim , Satar Serdar
Published: May 2022

Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major pest of fruits and vegetables worldwide. The nine different sugars and yeast were evaluated to determine the behavioral response of adult C. capitata using a four-arm olfactometer. The sugars used in the study are fructose, alpha glucose, galactose, ribose, arabinose, sucrose, trehalose, melibiose, and maltose. The results showed that C. capitata had a significantly higher attraction to ribose, arabinose, fructose, melibiose, and trehalose than the other four sugars tested. The number of C. capitata that responded to trehalose was higher than the other sugars, so we tested the behavioral response of adult C. capitata to hydrolyzed yeast, trehalose, hydrolyzed yeast + treholese, and control. Our study demonstrated that in four-arm olfactometer bioassays, C. capitata was more attracted to treated arms with hydrolyzed yeast + treholese than those treated with hydrolyzed yeast, trehalose, and untreated arm. These findings can provide insights into the development of more effective sugar-based toxic baits and attractants for traps for the operational application in C. capitata control programs.
Prevalence and Economic Burden of Dementia in The Arab World
Authors: Qassem Tareq , Itani Lynn , Al-Ayyat Dania , Javaid Syed Fahad , Al-Sinawi Hamed
Published: May 2022

BackgroundIn 2021 an estimated 55 million people were living with dementia globally, and this number is predicted to increase to 78 million by the end of this decade. As an irreversible, progressive condition, dementia poses a serious economic challenge to health systems worldwide. There is also an indirect economic burden on the informal carers and families looking after individuals living with dementia. Due to the scarcity of updated estimates about the cost of dementia in the Arab world, this article aims to calculate this economic burden for the year 2020. MethodsUsing the data relevant to the Arab countries, we estimated the number of individuals above 50 living with dementia in Arab countries. We calculated the direct cost of dementia, considering the cost per individual with dementia for the resources used to treat dementia related to the Gross Domestic Product per capita. We also calculated the indirect cost of dementia, defined as the cost of using the caregiver’s time. ResultsThe total direct cost of dementia in the region was estimated at $16,462.5 million for those over 50 and $15,463.8 million for those over 60. In the calculations for indirect cost, we considered the best-case scenario (1.6 hours per day of caregiver support with activities of daily living) and the worst-case scenario (3.7 hours per day). For those above the age of 50, the indirect cost was $2,699.2 million for the best-case scenario and $6,241.9 million for the worst-case scenario. For those above the age of 60, the indirect cost was $2,502.1 million for the best-case scenario and $5,786.0 million for the worst-case scenario. ConclusionsOur findings show that with the demographic changes occurring in the Arab world, dementia will represent a greater challenge, and the burden of the condition is predicted to increase. The results of this study are important for the allocation of resources and the financing of care for both patients and their caregivers. Further studies investigating the efficient use of resources and the cost-effectiveness of interventions in the region are highly recommended.
Comparison the cooking methods of Araujia sericifera on nutritional, physicochemical, antioxidant and sensory properties: multi-criteria decision-making analysis
Authors: Inanir Cansu , Dedebas Tugba , Capar Tugba Dursun , Ekici Lutfiye , Yalcin Hasan
Published: May 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Outcomes of Vertex-Vertex vs. Vertex-Breech Presentation in Twin Pregnancy after Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Liu Huahua , Yan Shuhan , Wu Fan , Bai Ting , Zhang Feng
Published: May 2022

Background: Vertex-vertex and vertex-nonvertex presentations are the most common and advisable for vaginal delivery. We aimed to explore the maternal and neonatal outcomes of twin pregnancy between vertex and non-vertex presentations of the 2nd twin in vaginal delivery. Methods: In this unicentric retrospective cohort study, data of 213 mothers during twin pregnancy after vaginal delivery from January 2016 to July 2020 were collected. The women were divided into the vertex-vertex presentation group (VV) and vertex-breech presentation group (VB). Data of maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups. Results: Among the 213 mother-infant dyads, there were 140 women in the VV group and 73 women in the VB group (65.73% vs. 34.27%). There were more males for the 1st fetus (60.3% vs. 35.7%, P=0.001), less twin-to-twin delivery interval (12.260±10.437 min vs. 9.360±6.509 min, P=0.032), less birthweight for the 2nd fetus (2218.160±42.698 g vs. 1999.040±66.288 g, P=0.045), greater birthweight discordance (233.814±16.576 g vs. 273.260±31.688 g, P=0.024), earlier gestational age (243.214±1.626 day vs. 235.2055±2.455 day, P=0.030), more breech extraction used (98.6% vs. 0, P<0.001) in the VB group. Infants in the VB group had a higher incidence of admission to NICU (P=0.017), lower 1-minute (P<0.001) and 5-minute Apgar score (P=0.043) for the 2nd twin. After the adjustment of the twin gender, birth weight, chorionic properties and gestational age, the 2nd twin in the VB group still had lower 1-minute Apgar scores. Adjusted linear regression showed that twin presentation remained associated with gestational age (P=0.045).Key Conclusions: The 2nd twins of the vertex-breech presentation have lower 1-minute Apgar scores compared with those in the vertex-vertex presentation. Fetal presentation is an independent factor for 1-minute Apgar score. Fetal presentation is associated with increased odds of preterm. However, further exploration of this relationship is still needed.
Is legal status associated with mental illness among newly arrived refugees in Sweden: an epidemiological study
Authors: Delilovic Sara , Hagström Ana , Shedrawy Jad , Hollander Anna Clara , Lönnroth Knut , Hasson Henna
Published: May 2022

Background: There are about 80 million forcibly displaced people globally. Migrants are at heightened risk for mental illness compared to host country populations. While previous research highlights the need to adequately assess mental illness, few have taken the diversity among newly arrived migrants into account. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of mental illness among asylum seekers, quota and other refugees in Stockholm, Sweden.Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, data was collected as part of a mental health screening initiative integrated into routine health examinations in two health care clinics in Stockholm. Screening was done with the Refugee Health Screener, RHS-13, a validated instrument for assessing mental health in refugee populations. Results: A total of 1163 individuals were eligible for screening, of whom 566 participated (response rate 48.6 %). Among the participants 47.9% indicated symptoms of mental illness. Compared with asylum seekers, the risk of mental illness was lower among quota and other refugees (adjusted odds ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.37-1.00). Female gender, higher age, coming from a middle-income country and low probability of being granted asylum were significant predictors of mental illness.Conclusion: Refugee legal status is associated with mental illness. Asylum seekers are at greater risk of mental illness compared to quota and other refugees. Our findings call for screening for mental illness among newly arrived migrants, especially among those with pending residence permits.
2H-Pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5(6H)-diones: Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and redox studies for potential optoelectronic applications
Authors: Kurma Siva Hariprasad , Somanaboina Ramya , Vanammoole Lakshmi Reddy , Srivi K. S. , Bhimapaka China Raju , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: May 2022

Herein, we report the preparation of 2H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5(6H)-diones 3a-x by reacting 4-hydroxycoumarins 1a-b with Baylis-Hillman adducts 2a-w having electron releasing or electron withdrawing groups on benzyl ring of the pyranochromene moiety and study of their photophysical properties. The study of optical and electrochemical properties of the prepared compounds reveals that the electron releasing and electron withdrawing groups has not much impact on ground and excited state electronic behavior on pyranochromene moiety. The density functional theory suggests the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals spread on coumarin moiety of pyranochromene unit. Further, these compounds are thermally stable (up to 200 oC) and lead to blue or green emission that should facilitate the development of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
The role of environmental heterogeneity on lizard assemblages along Cyprus riverbanks
Authors: Erotokritou Elena , Mammides Christos , N. Ioannis Vogiatzakis , Sfenthourakis Spyros
Published: May 2022

Despite global efforts to halt biodiversity loss, it continues to decline due to a combination of unsustainable actions, increasing the urgency for measures to reverse this trend. A major constraint regarding efficient biodiversity management is the lack of knowledge on most species' population size and abundance patterns. Reptiles are used in ecological research as model organisms due to their ease in handling, and their diversity in behaviour and ecology. Reptile diversity of Cyprus is high and includes several endemic species. The aim of this study was to compare lizard diversity patterns along riverbanks within and around designated protected areas. Riparian habitats have received less attention in conservation-oriented studies in Mediterranean regions, despite their ecological significance and the distinct communities they host, or their vulnerability to climate change. The role of environmental factors, seasonality, and habitat heterogeneity for lizard assemblages in riparian areas was evaluated along three rivers that flow inside and outside protected areas. The abundances of the four more common species (Ophisops elegans, Phoenicolacerta troodica, Laudakia cypriaca, and Acanthodactylus schreiberi) were evaluated separately. We recorded most of Cyprus’ lizard species in riparian habitats, but diversity and richness were not associated with any of the explanatory variables. The abundances of the four species exhibited different relationships each with elevation, season, and protection status, but not with habitat heterogeneity. The latter could be related to the fact that riparian habitat heterogeneity patterns are very similar throughout the study sites. Our results suggest that Cyprus’ lizard diversity and riparian habitats have not been considered much in the design of protected areas.
Electrospun Manuka Honey@PVP nanofibers enclosing Chitosan-Titanate for Highly Effective Wound Healing
Authors: El-Dek S.I. , kassem L.M. , El-Deen Ahmed G. , Zaki A.H
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The major challenge in skin tissue engineering is the creation of physically and functionally suitable extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds. Inspired by ECM macromolecular components, we suggest a new hybrid scaffold. Nanocarriers for drug delivery have been successfully created utilizing an electrospinning approach for a manuka honey treated polyvinyl pyrrolidine (Mh@PVP) hybrid composite. Different characterizations tools, including SEM, XRD, TEM, and FTIR. have been utilized to elucidate the fabricated electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds (ENS). The polyvinyl pyrrolidine (PVP) solutions' mechanical, tensile, and conductivity characteristics were greatly enhanced by adding increasing concentrations of Mh to the formula (15%, 20%, 25%). The width and direction of the ENS produced changed as the honey concentration increased. For wound healing, honey's ability to heal wounds faster may be boosted by a higher PVP concentration, which makes honey more easily incorporated. In an XRD investigation, honey and CT-TiONTs had a minor influence on the overall crystallinity of the ENS sample. Because of its burst-and-continuous methylglyoxal release patterns, which may last for up to seven days, manuka honey is an excellent choice for helping the body's healing process. The invivo assessment of the Mh@PVP nanocomposite nanofiber mat demonstrated a rapid and substantial increase in keratinocyte expression, reflecting great ability for high regenerative wound healing. Most significantly, there is no scarring associated with hair regrowth. This scaffold can mimic skin characteristics and stimulate keratinocyte development and act as a growth factor.
Metagenomic analysis reveals unexplored diversity of archaeal virome in the human gut
Authors: Li Ran , Wang Yongming , Hu Han , Tan Yan , Ma Yingfei
Published: May 2022

The human gut microbiome has been extensively explored, while the archaeal viruses remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to identify human gut archaeal virus sequences in 3,971 assembled metagenomes and the existing human gut virus collections using the CRISPR spacer and viral signature-based approach. This resulted in 1,279 archaeal viral species, of which, 95.2% infected Methanobrevibacteria_A, 85.1% were not found in existing virus collections, 43.5% shared identity < 95% with the proviruses in the UHGG archaeal genomes, 37.2% had a host range spanning > 2 archaeal species, and 55.7% were highly prevalent in > 1% of the human population. Besides viral hallmark genes, the archaeal viral genetic repertoire includes a methanogenic archaeal virus-specific gene peiW that frequently occurred in the viral sequences (n = 150). The analysis of 33 complete caudoviral genomes often discovered the genes (integrase,n = 29; MazE, n = 10) regulating the viral lysogenic-lytic cycle, demonstrating that the temperate viruses likely predominate in the human gut archaeal virome. Together, our work uncovers the considerable unexplored diversity of the human gut archaeal viruses, revealing the novel and unexpected facet of the human gut microbiome.
Comparative coat protein annotation of two biologically distinct strains of Cucumber mosaic virus in chilli
Authors: J Vinodhini , L Rajendran , D Jeya Sundara Sharmila , G Karthikeyan
Published: May 2022

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has worldwide distribution with the broadest host range. Coat protein (CP) is the fundamental determinant for identification, symptom induction, systemic movement, encapsidation and aphid transmission of CMV. Molecular indexing explicated the prevalence of both mosaic inducing and chlorosis inducing strains of CMV in chilli growing tracts of Tamil Nadu. Precisely, CP consist of 657 nucleotides encodes for 218 amino acids was cloned and sequenced. The comparative amino acid analysis depicted Ser129 and Thr137 to be conserved in chlorosis inducing strains whereas Pro129 and Ser137 are conserved in mosaic inducing TN CMV strains. Moreover, chlorosis inducing strains was observed to have cryptic mutation of Thr162, conserved for aphid transmission. Further, structural annotation of CP vindicated the propound modifications in secondary structure of protein. Moreover, TN CMV strains detected to implicit five functional domains in CP. Intriguingly, chlorosis inducing strains discerned to have disordered protein at functional motif of protein kinase K phosphorylation site. Remarkably, Casein kinase II phosphorylation site also observed in TN isolates which is purely conserved for CPs of all Cucumovirus. Besides, sequence diversity analysis postulate chlorosis inducing strains to have greater synonymous substitution over mosaic inducing strains and further phylogenetic analysis vindicated TN CMV isolates (mosaic and chlorosis inducing strains) belong to subgroup IB. The present study was taken to delve the genetic diversity of biologically distinct mosaic and chlorosis inducing strains of CMV infecting chilli in Tamil Nadu.