bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Hadamard Gate Count for Clifford+
T
Synthesis of Pauli Rotations Sequences
Authors: Vandaele Vivien , Martiel Simon , Perdrix Simon , Vuillot Christophe
Published: December 2023

The Clifford+
T
gate set is commonly used to perform universal quantum computation. In such setup the
T
gate is typically much more expensive to implement in a fault-tolerant way than Clifford gates. To improve the feasibility of fault-tolerant quantum computing it is then crucial to minimize the number of
T
gates. Many algorithms, yielding effective results, have been designed to address this problem. It has been demonstrated that performing a pre-processing step consisting of reducing the number of Hadamard gates in the circuit can help to exploit the full potential of these algorithms and thereby lead to a substantial
T
-count reduction. Moreover, minimizing the number of Hadamard gates also restrains the number of additional qubits and operations resulting from the gadgetization of Hadamard gates, a procedure used by some compilers to further reduce the number of
T
gates. In this work we tackle the Hadamard gate reduction problem, and propose an algorithm for synthesizing a sequence of π /4 Pauli rotations with a minimal number of Hadamard gates. Based on this result, we present an algorithm which optimally minimizes the number of Hadamard gates lying between the first and the last
T
gate of the circuit.
A Conformal Phased Array with Low Profile and Wide-Scanning Performance for SAR Application
Authors: Tang Runzhi , Lu Senlin , Qu Shiwei , Yang Shiwen
Published: December 2023

A low-profile wide-scanning conformal phased array (CPA), with cavity-backed stacked patch elements, is presented in this paper. To reduce the array profile, a partially dielectric-filled cavity is employed in each element, and to enhance its scanning performance, the cavity walls are deliberately modified. Finally, the designed element operates in a frequency band of 1.45∼1.75 GHz, with a profile of 0.086 λh (λh is the free-space wavelength at 1.75 GHz), and achieves ±60° scanning in the E/H-planes, with the reflection coefficient below −7 dB. The proposed design method and all numerical results are experimentally verified by a 4 × 4 CPA prototype.
Assessment of Analgesic Efficacy of Bilateral Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Pain following Lumbar Laminectomy: A Single-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Akhlagh Seyed Amirreza , Farbood Arash , Tahvili Mahsa , Amini Afshin , Eghbal Keyvan , Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Banifatemi Mahsa , Hosseini Seyed Ali
Published: December 2023

Background. The erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a novel approach to minimizing postoperative pain. We investigated the efficacy and side effects of the ultrasonography-guided bilateral ESP block in reducing pain in the first 24 hours after lumbar laminectomy. Materials and Methods. We conducted a single-blind (statistical analyst and those responsible for recording patient information postoperation were unaware of the study groups) randomized clinical trial on 50 patients aged 18 to 65 with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class I or II physical status scheduled for lumbar laminectomy surgery at Shahid Chamran Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Patients were randomly allocated to the ESP block (26 participants) or control (24 participants) group. A bilateral ESP block was administered to patients in the first group before general anesthesia, which was provided identically to both groups. The postoperative time to the first request of analgesia, pain score, total opioid use, side effects, and patient satisfaction were compared between the groups. Results. Compared with the control group, patients in the ESP block group had significantly more postoperative pain relief in the first hour and until 24 hours P<0.05. The total opioid consumption was lower in the ESP block group P<0.001. However, the ESP block led to a higher rate of urinary retention P=0.008. Conclusion. The bilateral ESP block effectively reduces postoperative pain following lumbar laminectomy, minimizing the need for narcotics. Further research is needed to delineate ways to reduce urinary retention as its main complication. This trial is registered with IRCT20100127003213N6.
Presence and Characteristics of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Subacute Stroke Patients with Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Ito Daisuke , Mori Naoki , Shimizu Ayaka , Narita Ayako , Sakata Sachiko , Honaga Kaoru , Kondo Kunitsugu , Otaka Yohei
Published: December 2023

This retrospective cross-sectional study is aimed at investigating the prevalence and characteristics of behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPS) in subacute stroke patients with cognitive impairment. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) was used to assess BPS. A total of 358 consecutive patients with first-ever stroke admitted to rehabilitation wards and with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores<24 on admission were included. BPS was defined as a total NPI-Q Severity or Distress score≥1. Differences between the severity and presence of BPS among patients with severe cognitive impairment (MMSE scores 0–17) and those with mild cognitive impairment (MMSE scores 18–23) were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and chi-squared test, respectively. Eighty-one patients (mean (standard deviation) age, 73.5 (13.1) years) were enrolled for analysis. BPS were observed in 69.1% and 74.1% of patients when assessed with NPI-Q Severity and NPI-Q Distress, respectively. The most frequently observed BPS was apathy, followed by depression (approximately 44% and 40%, respectively). The severity and frequency of delusions, euphoria, apathy, and disinhibition were significantly higher in the severe cognitive impairment group than in the mild cognitive impairment group. However, the severity, distress, and frequency of depression were not dependent on the severity of cognitive impairment. The presence of BPS, especially apathy and depression, in subacute stroke patients with cognitive impairment is high. The severity and frequency of some BPS are higher in patients with severe cognitive impairment than in those with mild cognitive impairment. However, depression is highly prevalent among the patients regardless of the severity of cognitive impairment.
Effects of Soil Properties on Pb, Cd, and Cu Contents in Tobacco Leaves of Longyan, China, and Their Prediction Models
Authors: Xi Wei , Ping YuanYe , Cai HaiYang , Tan Qian , Liu Chaoyang , Shen Junru , Zhang YaWen
Published: December 2023

Longyan City in Fujian Province is one of China’s top-quality tobacco-producing areas and plays an essential role in local economic development. To determine the correlation between heavy metal content in tobacco leaves and soil factors, soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal contents of lead, cadmium, and copper in tobacco leaves were measured and analyzed by the correlation regression method. The content of lead, cadmium, and copper in soil was determined using hydrochloric acid extraction-AAS and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to determine heavy metal in tobacco leaf. The findings revealed that the average concentrations of lead, cadmium, and copper in the soil were 12.1, 0.092, and 3.88 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, the average levels of lead, cadmium, and copper in tobacco leaves were 2.33, 4.89, and 4.35 mg/kg, respectively. The cadmium enrichment coefficient of 54.3 was higher than lead and copper, indicating a greater health risk. Soil pH value was negatively correlated with lead content in tobacco leaf, while potassium and phosphorus nutrient levels were negatively correlated with copper content. In contrast, a positive correlation was established between the presence of organic matter with cadmium content in tobacco leaves. The prediction models of lead, cadmium, and copper in tobacco leaves can be expressed by the regression equation corresponding to each heavy metal as follows: YPb=2.33−0.005∗ XK+0.007∗XN −0.271∗XpH+0.065∗XPb (R2 = 0.787), YCd=1.55+0.012∗XOM−0.014∗XCu+34.6∗XCd (R2 = 0.891), and YCu=4.64−0.029∗XP−0.007∗XK+0.245∗XCu (R2 = 0.724), respectively. The prediction models above provide an effective predictive tool for assessing heavy metal risk in tobacco leaves using soil properties in the study area.
Table S3 from Pharmacodynamic Analysis of BTK Inhibition in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Acalabrutinib
Authors: Alsadhan Anfal , Cheung Jean , Gulrajani Michael , Gaglione Erika M. , Nierman Pia , Hamdy Ahmed , Izumi Raquel , Bibikova Elena , Patel Priti , Sun Clare , Covey Todd , Herman Sarah E.M. , Wiestner Adrian
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Table S3: List of patients included in the analysis of rebound in cellular signaling during drug withholding
Supplementary Figure 6 from BATF2 Deficiency Promotes Progression in Human Colorectal Cancer via Activation of HGF/MET Signaling: A Potential Rationale for Combining MET Inhibitors with IFNs
Authors: Liu Zebing , Wei Ping , Yang Yu , Cui Wenli , Cao Bing , Tan Cong , Yu Baohua , Bi Rui , Xia Kaiqin , Chen Weixiang , Wang Yiqin , Zhang Youyuan , Du Xiang , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: December 2023

IC50 determination of PF-04217903 and IFN-β in LoVo and SW620 cells.
Supplementary Figure 5 from BATF2 Deficiency Promotes Progression in Human Colorectal Cancer via Activation of HGF/MET Signaling: A Potential Rationale for Combining MET Inhibitors with IFNs
Authors: Liu Zebing , Wei Ping , Yang Yu , Cui Wenli , Cao Bing , Tan Cong , Yu Baohua , Bi Rui , Xia Kaiqin , Chen Weixiang , Wang Yiqin , Zhang Youyuan , Du Xiang , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: December 2023

BATF2 is an IFN-stimulated gene.
Supplementary Figure 4 from BATF2 Deficiency Promotes Progression in Human Colorectal Cancer via Activation of HGF/MET Signaling: A Potential Rationale for Combining MET Inhibitors with IFNs
Authors: Liu Zebing , Wei Ping , Yang Yu , Cui Wenli , Cao Bing , Tan Cong , Yu Baohua , Bi Rui , Xia Kaiqin , Chen Weixiang , Wang Yiqin , Zhang Youyuan , Du Xiang , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: December 2023

siMET transfection arrests invasion of CRC cells.
Supplementary Figure 3 from BATF2 Deficiency Promotes Progression in Human Colorectal Cancer via Activation of HGF/MET Signaling: A Potential Rationale for Combining MET Inhibitors with IFNs
Authors: Liu Zebing , Wei Ping , Yang Yu , Cui Wenli , Cao Bing , Tan Cong , Yu Baohua , Bi Rui , Xia Kaiqin , Chen Weixiang , Wang Yiqin , Zhang Youyuan , Du Xiang , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: December 2023

siMET transfection arrests proliferation and migration of CRC cells.
Supplementary Figure 2 from BATF2 Deficiency Promotes Progression in Human Colorectal Cancer via Activation of HGF/MET Signaling: A Potential Rationale for Combining MET Inhibitors with IFNs
Authors: Liu Zebing , Wei Ping , Yang Yu , Cui Wenli , Cao Bing , Tan Cong , Yu Baohua , Bi Rui , Xia Kaiqin , Chen Weixiang , Wang Yiqin , Zhang Youyuan , Du Xiang , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: December 2023

Enhanced expression of MET correlates with progression in human CRC.
Supplementary Figure 1 from BATF2 Deficiency Promotes Progression in Human Colorectal Cancer via Activation of HGF/MET Signaling: A Potential Rationale for Combining MET Inhibitors with IFNs
Authors: Liu Zebing , Wei Ping , Yang Yu , Cui Wenli , Cao Bing , Tan Cong , Yu Baohua , Bi Rui , Xia Kaiqin , Chen Weixiang , Wang Yiqin , Zhang Youyuan , Du Xiang , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: December 2023

BATF2 regulates targets of c-Jun/AP-1.
Supplemental Figure 4 from Absence of Cytomegalovirus in Glioblastoma and Other High-grade Gliomas by Real-time PCR, Immunohistochemistry, and In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Holdhoff Matthias , Guner Gunes , Rodriguez Fausto J. , Hicks Jessica L. , Zheng Qizhi , Forman Michael S. , Ye Xiaobu , Grossman Stuart A. , Meeker Alan K. , Heaphy Christopher M. , Eberhart Charles G. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Arav-Boger Ravit
Published: December 2023

False positive IHC staining in known negative control cells. IHC staining using the IE1 antibody (A). At the working dilution (1:8000) there is no positive staining in uninfected cells (bottom panel). At increased antibody concentrations (dilution of 1:500 and 1:50) there is moderate to strong false positive staining in most cells. (B) IHC staining using the pp65 antibody shows negative staining at the working dilution of 1:800, but false positive staining at 1:50 and 1:10 dilutions. Note that in positive control infected cells the signals remain present in all samples.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Detection of miR-34a Promoter Methylation in Combination with Elevated Expression of c-Met and β-Catenin Predicts Distant Metastasis of Colon Cancer
Authors: Siemens Helge , Neumann Jens , Jackstadt Rene , Mansmann Ulrich , Horst David , Kirchner Thomas , Hermeking Heiko
Published: December 2023

PDF file - 4113K, Characterization of the antibodies used for immunohistochemistry in this study. (A) Immunohistochemical analysis of system (w/o primary antibody) and isotype (unspecific rabbit IgG as the primary antibody) controls for c-Met are provided. (B) For the Snail detection system immunohistochemical analysis of isotype and system controls, without addition of antibodies are provided. (C) The c-Met antibody was tested in a Western Blot analysis using protein lysates of SW480 colon cancer cells, which were either transfected with a synthetic miR-34a oligonucleotide (25 nM) or a control oligonucleotide. a-Tubulin served as a loading control. (D) The Snail-specific antibody was used for Western Blot analysis of protein lysates from DLD1 colon cancer cells ectopically expressing Snail from a doxycycline-inducible vector (lane 1,2) (20). Lysates from SW480 cells treated with a Snail-specific siRNA or left untreated (lane 3,4). a-Tubulin served as a loading control
Data from BATF2 Deficiency Promotes Progression in Human Colorectal Cancer via Activation of HGF/MET Signaling: A Potential Rationale for Combining MET Inhibitors with IFNs
Authors: Liu Zebing , Wei Ping , Yang Yu , Cui Wenli , Cao Bing , Tan Cong , Yu Baohua , Bi Rui , Xia Kaiqin , Chen Weixiang , Wang Yiqin , Zhang Youyuan , Du Xiang , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose: BATF2, a novel IFN-stimulated gene, inhibits tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. The objectives of this study were to determine how BATF2 expression is associated with colorectal cancer progression and patient outcome, to investigate how BATF2 overexpression inhibits hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/MET signaling, and to elucidate the rationale for combining MET inhibitors with IFN.

Experimental Design: BATF2 expression in colorectal cancer tissues was determined and correlated with colorectal cancer patient prognosis. Cultured colorectal cancer cells were used to investigate the effects of BATF2 overexpression on the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer cells and HGF/MET signaling. Tumor xenograft models were used to validate the effects of BATF2 on colorectal cancer xenograft growth and assess the efficacy of the combination of MET inhibitors with IFNs in colorectal cancer.

Results: In colorectal cancer tissues, BATF2 was found to be significantly downregulated, and its expression negatively correlated with MET expression. Decreased BATF2 expression was associated with progression and shorter patient survival in colorectal cancer. BATF2 overexpression promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion in colorectal cancer cells, as well as dramatically blunted tumor xenograft growth. In addition, MET inhibitors in combination with IFNβ produced synergistic cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions: Together, these novel findings suggest that BATF2, a tumor suppressor gene, is a potent negative regulator of HGF/MET signaling in colorectal cancer and may serve as a prognostic tumor marker. Furthermore, these results provide a rationale for combining MET inhibitors with IFNs in preclinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1752–63. ©2015 AACR.
Agonist Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy: History, Hopes, and Challenges
Authors: Lim Sean H. , Beers Stephen A. , Al-Shamkhani Aymen , Cragg Mark S.
Published: December 2023

Immunotherapy is among the most promising new treatment modalities to arise over the last two decades; antibody drugs are delivering immunotherapy to millions of patients with many different types of cancer. Initial success with antibody therapeutics came in the form of direct targeting or cytotoxic antibodies, such as rituximab and trastuzumab, which bind directly to tumor cells to elicit their destruction. These were followed by immunomodulatory antibodies that elicit antitumor responses by either stimulating immune cells or relieving tumor-mediated suppression. By far the most successful approach in the clinic to date has been relieving immune suppression, with immune checkpoint blockade now a standard approach in the treatment of many cancer types. Despite equivalent and sometimes even more impressive effects in preclinical models, agonist antibodies designed to stimulate the immune system have lagged behind in their clinical translation. In this review, we document the main receptors that have been targeted by agonist antibodies, consider the various approaches that have been evaluated to date, detail what we have learned, and consider how their anticancer potential can be unlocked.
Cardiovascular Complications in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Does Phenotype Matter?
Authors: Petrák Ondřej , Krátká Zuzana , Holaj Robert , Zítek Matěj , Nguyen Nikrýnová Thi , Klímová Judita , Kološová Barbora , Waldauf Petr , Michalský David , Novák Květoslav , Markvartová Alice , Zlatohlávek Lukáš , Grus Tomáš , Dušková Jaroslava , Widimský Jiří , Zelinka Tomáš
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Adrenaline-producing tumors are mostly characterized by a sudden release of catecholamines with episodic symptoms. Noradrenergic ones are usually less symptomatic and characterized by a continuous overproduction of catecholamines that are released into the bloodstream. Their effects on the cardiovascular system can thus be different. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular complications by catecholamine phenotype.

METHODS:

We retrospectively analyzed data on the prevalence of cardiovascular events in 341 consecutive patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma treated from 1995 to 2023. Biochemical catecholamine phenotype was determined based on plasma or urinary catecholamines and metanephrines.

RESULTS:

According to the phenotype, 153 patients had noradrenergic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma and 188 had adrenergic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. In the whole sample, the incidence of serious cardiovascular complications was 28% (95 patients), with no difference between the phenotypes or sexes. The noradrenergic phenotype had significantly more atherosclerotic complications (composite end point of type 1 myocardial infarction and symptomatic peripheral artery disease; odds ratio, 3.58 [95% CI, 1.59–8.83];
P
=0.003), while the adrenergic phenotype more often had type 2 myocardial infarction and takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy (OR, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.09–0.57];
P
=0.002). These changes remained even after adjustment for conventional risk factors of atherosclerosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found a 28% incidence of cardiovascular complications in a consecutive group of patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Patients presenting with a noradrenergic phenotype have a higher incidence of atherosclerotic complications, while the adrenergic phenotype is associated with a higher incidence of acute myocardial damage due to takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy.
Transradial Access Versus Transfemoral Approach for Carotid Artery Stenting: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rodriguez‐Calienes Aaron , Chavez‐Ecos Fabian A. , Espinosa‐Martinez David , Bustamante‐Paytan Diego , Vivanco‐Suarez Juan , Borjas‐Calderón Nagheli Fernanda , Galecio‐Castillo Milagros , Morán‐Mariños Cristian , Guerrero Waldo R. , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago
Published: December 2023

Background

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has emerged as a viable alternative to carotid endarterectomy for managing carotid artery stenosis in high‐risk patients. Although transfemoral arterial access remains the preferred method, it is associated with inherent limitations and potential complications. Consequently, exploring transradial artery access as a potential option becomes crucial in optimizing patient outcomes and procedural success rates. There are limited data comparing the outcomes of the transradial with the transfemoral approach for CAS. This study aimed to systematically review and meta‐analyze the outcomes and complication rates between transradial and transfemoral access for CAS.

Methods

A systematic electronic search was conducted in 4 databases. Studies with randomized or nonrandomized designs, involving CAS by the transradial or transfemoral approach, were included. Outcomes of interest were stroke, transient ischemic attack, death, myocardial infarction, and access site complications. A meta‐analysis was performed, analyzing pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs to assess the effect size.

Results

Six studies with a total of 6917 patients were included, of whom 602 (8.7%) underwent the transradial approach and 6315 (91.3%) the transfemoral approach. The meta‐analysis showed no significant difference in stroke occurrence between the transradial and transfemoral groups (transradial:1.7% versus transfemoral:1.9%; OR = 0.98 [95% CI, 0.49–1.96]; I
2
= 0%). Similarly, no significant difference was found in death (TR:1% versus transfemoral:0.9%; OR = 0.95 [95% CI, 0.38–2.37]; I
2
= 0%), myocardial infarction (transradial:0.2% versus transfemoral:0.3%; OR = 1.53 [95% CI, 0.20–11.61]; I
2
= 0%), transient ischemic attack (transradial:0.4% versus transfemoral:1%; OR = 0.46 [95% CI, 0.11–1.95]; I
2
= 0%), or access site complications (transradial:2.2% versus transfemoral:1%; OR = 0.97 [95% CI, 0.48–1.98]; I
2
= 0%).

Conclusion

No significant differences were observed in stroke, death, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, or access site complications on comparing thetransradial and transfemoral approaches for CAS. The transradial approach shows promise as an alternative method for CAS, offering potential benefits without increased risk of complications. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Pragmatism as a Mediator – Seeking an Illusory Harmony?
Authors: Pihlström Sami
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the well-known pragmatist claim to mediate between philosophical disputes. While recognizing the reconciliatory and harmonizing role that pragmatism plays in traditional debates between, for example, realism and antirealism, naturalism and culturalism, or science and religion, it is argued that the pragmatist also needs to acknowledge that there are situations in which no such mediation is reasonably possible, such as the conflict between racism and antiracism. The metaphilosophical question to be raised is how – in terms of pragmatism itself – we are able to distinguish between these different cases and what exactly it means to apply the pragmatic method to resolving this meta-level issue. Pragmatism here emerges as a thoroughly fallible and antifoundationalist reflexive inquiry into what it means, and what it ought to mean, for us to view philosophical issues in terms of their conceivable practical consequences. The project of mediation must be subordinated to this more fundamental understanding of pragmatist methodology.
A checklist of Frullania (Frullaniaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Sulawesi based on herbarium specimens and literature
Authors: HAERIDA IDA , SALAMAH ANDI , ATRIA MEGA , RETNOWATI ATIK
Published: December 2023

A study of the Frullania (Frullaniaceae, Marchantiophyta) of Sulawesi based on herbarium specimens stored in Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and related literature, recognizes 20 species on the island belonging to the subgenus Chonanthelia (one species), subgenus Diastaloba Spruce (seven species), subgenus Homotropantha (four species), subgenus Saccophora (one species) and subgenus Trachycolea (seven species). Frullania cordistipula is new to Sulawesi.
A new Riccardia (Aneuraceae, Marchantiophyta) from Myanmar
Authors: MÜLLER FRANK
Published: December 2023

A new species of Riccardia, R. meagheri, is described from mountainous areas of northern Myanmar. The new species differs from other species by 1) inner cells of main axis and branches in thallus cross-section flattened, much wider than high, irregularly shaped and with curved cell walls, 2) dorsal epidermis cells mamillose protruding forwards, ventral epidermal cells enlarged, but externally flat, not mamillose, 3) a winged, translucent, single-layered margin on both the main axis and branches, 4) the identical structure of the main axis and branches in thallus cross-section.
LTH 1. Literatura Taxonomica Herpetologica.1. Presentation
Authors: DUBOIS ALAIN , FRÉTEY THIERRY
Published: December 2023

This paper is the first of a series devoted to the analysis of the early classifications of amphibians and reptiles published from 1758 onwards, and of the nomenclatural status of all the nomina of herpetological taxa established in these works. In this introductory paper, we present the new methodology and the terminology used for these analyses, which propose a new approach to the understanding of the hierarchy of nomina and taxa in taxonomic publications. The hierarchical relationships between the taxa in these works have strong nomenclatural implications and consequences on the understanding of the nomenclatural status (nominal-series assignment, nomenclatural availability; taxonomic allocation; nomenclatural validity and nomenclatural correctness) of all early nomina, and in particular those of the higher nominal-series (family- and class-series), which have so far been misinterpreted in many cases.
The Influence of Time-Varying Sea Ice Concentration on Antarctic and Southern Ocean Numerical Weather Prediction
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Fraser Alexander D. , Reid Phil , Coleman Richard , O’Farrell Siobhan
Published: December 2023

Although operational weather forecasting centers are increasingly using global coupled atmosphere–ocean–ice models to replace atmosphere-only models for short- and medium-range (10 day) weather forecasting, the influence of sea ice on such forecasting has yet to be fully quantified, especially in the Southern Ocean. To address this gap, a polar-specific version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model is implemented with a circumpolar Antarctic domain to investigate the impact of daily updates of sea ice concentration on short- and medium- range weather forecasting. A statistically significant improvement in near-surface atmospheric temperature and humidity is shown from +24 to +192 h when updating the daily sea ice concentration in the model. The forecast skill improvements for 2-m temperature and dewpoint temperature are enhanced from June to September, which is the period of late sea ice advance. Regionally, model improvement is shown to occur in most sea ice regions, although the improvement is strongest in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea sectors. The surface heat budget also shows remarkable improvement in outgoing radiative heat fluxes and both sensible and latent heat fluxes. This idealized research demonstrates the nonnegligible effect of including more accurate time-varying sea ice concentration in numerical weather forecasting.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to understand how a more realistic Antarctic sea ice field may influence the skill of short- and medium-range weather forecasts. Many operational atmospheric numerical weather prediction (NWP) models use a static forecast field through the time frame of the model’s forecast—often 3–10 days. In this study, we updated the sea ice concentration field daily and compared the forecast outcomes with those from model runs using a static sea ice concentration field. We found the forecast skill of near-surface temperature and humidity show the most significant improvements in our idealized experiments. This indicates the importance of incorporating improved dynamic sea ice representation in Antarctic short- to medium-range operational weather forecasting.
Leaving the Cold Behind: The Role of Emotions and Cognitive Biases in Business Adaptation to Climate Change
Authors: Bleda Mercedes , Pinkse Jonatan
Published: December 2023

This article develops the argument that the interplay between emotions and cognitive biases influences corporate decision-making on climate change adaptation. Our theoretical analysis examines how emotions can change the effect of cognitive biases on adaptation decisions by influencing how firms select, access, and process complex and uncertain climatic information. We draw on research on climate adaptation, social psychology, and managerial cognition and focus on three forms of bias: availability heuristic, framing, and anchoring. We explain how each bias shapes the decision-making process on adaptation and theorize how emotions of different valence and arousal affect this process. We shed light on the underlying mechanisms that explain how emotions influence the effect of cognitive biases as a source of inaction on adaptation in firms. Our analysis provides a new perspective on how firms approach the strategic decision to adapt to climate change by considering both cognitive and emotional aspects.
Prognostic Factors in Pediatric Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma: SEER Analysis of 277 Cases
Authors: Zhang Li , He Jiali , Yu Xianhai , Zhang Deying
Published: December 2023

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a rare but highly aggressive cancer predominantly affecting children and adolescents. This study explores prognostic factors for pediatric and adolescent ARMS, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Leveraging SEER data (2000-2019), we analyzed 277 cases. Employing Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models, we identified significant prognostic factors. Gender distribution was nearly equal (56.0% boys, 44.0% girls), with the majority (70.8%) from the white ethnic group. Primary tumors were predominantly in extremities (37.2%). Distant metastases significantly increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR], 3.13; 95% CI: 2.14-4.58) and regional lymph node involvement raised mortality risk (HR, 1.36; 95% CI: 0.96-1.92). Chemotherapy-only treatment had higher mortality risk than chemoradiotherapy (HR, 1.16; 95% CI: 0.97-2.67). Conclusively, our study identifies distant metastases, regional lymph node involvement, and treatment modality as crucial predictors of overall survival in pediatric ARMS.
Local Legislation is Associated With Regional Transgender Attitudes
Authors: Roy Eliane , Hehman Eric , Axt Jordan
Published: December 2023

Using a newly developed measure of implicit transgender attitudes, we investigate the association between state-level antitransgender policies and individual-level attitudes about transgender people among residents. In a large sample of U.S. participants ( N = 211,133), we find that individuals living in states with more discriminatory policies against transgender people (e.g., not allowing changes to one’s gender identity on official identity papers) exhibited more negative implicit and explicit transgender attitudes. This pattern held after controlling for participant race and gender, as well as when looking only at cisgender participants. These findings extend prior work concerning how intergroup biases relate to regional characteristics such as legislation and do so in a novel and consequential context. This research also informs ongoing work concerning the role of policy-making and social norms on the development and expression of intergroup prejudice.
Numerical investigation on the effects of wave suppression baffles in vehicle-integrated water tanks
Authors: Dong Fei , Zhang Wenyu , Hu Wei , Cao Xiaohui
Published: December 2023

The danger of liquid sloshing in pump-driven water tanks has significantly increased due to the growing need to integrate a water tank into new energy vehicles. The best approach to reduce the negative effects of liquid sloshing is to add baffles to the integrated water tank. The addition of baffles to integrated water tanks to reduce liquid sloshing is investigated in this study using the discontinuous mesh approach and the coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) method. Comparative experiments and simulations are used to confirm the reliability of the method. In this study, the length ratio, distance to initial free surface, and angle of the added baffle are taken into consideration. The free surface height, magnitude velocity, turbulence energy, and flow field are used to assess the impact of the baffle on the suppression of liquid sloshing. The addition of baffles can improve the liquid sloshing phenomenon caused by the pump excitation conditions in the integrated water tank, increase the volume suction of liquid, inhibit the height of the wave and reduce the liquid flow rate in the tank. Also, at the depth where the baffle has the most obvious suppression effect, the deeper the baffle, the lower the height of the free surface in the tank and the lower the average magnitude velocity in the tank cross-section. The baffle reduces the height of the free surface in the tank to 6.39 mm, and the magnitude of maximum average velocity in the tank cross-section is reduced to 0.12 m/s.
Influence of sand moisture content on mixed service truck tire performance using advanced hybrid techniques
Authors: El-Sayegh Zeinab
Published: December 2023

This paper focuses on investigating the effect of sand moisture content on the performance of a Mixed Service Drive (MSD) truck tire of size 315/80R22.5. The truck tire is modeled using multiple layers and materials within a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) environment. Moist sand is modeled using the Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. Initially, dry sand is modeled using a hydrodynamic elastic-plastic material, while water is modeled using the Murnaghan equation of state. The numerical interaction between the sand and water is identified using Darcy’s law. The moisture content of the sand is then calibrated using direct shear-strength tests and validated against physical measurements conducted in a laboratory under similar sand conditions. The tire-sand interaction is defined using a hybrid FEA-SPH interaction model, and a non-symmetric node-to-segment contact with edge treatment contact algorithm. The tire tractive performance including tractive effort, motion resistance coefficient, and tire sinkage was examined under various operating conditions, including different sand moisture content levels and tire longitudinal speeds.
Parent Training Tailored to Parents With ADHD: Development of the Improving Parenting Skills Adult ADHD (IPSA) Program
Authors: Lindström Therese , Buddgård Sofia , Westholm Lena , Forster Martin , Bölte Sven , Hirvikoski Tatja
Published: December 2023

Objective:

To describe the development of the Improving Parenting Skills Adult ADHD (IPSA) parent training (PT) program, designed for parents with ADHD.

Method:

IPSA was developed using an iterative co-creation approach, involving parents with ADHD from the initial knowledge mobilization phase onwards. The program prototype was evaluated by 16 parents with ADHD, in an open trial of program feasibility.

Results:

IPSA was deemed feasible in terms of acceptability and levels of active participation, with no evidence of unintended harm. All but one participant completed the program, attending on average 84% of sessions. Pre-to-post within-group comparisons of targeted skills and outcomes revealed changes in the expected direction regarding, for example, use of introduced parenting skills (Cohen’s d = 1.3).

Conclusion:

The program prototype was found acceptable, accessible, and safe. Findings support the potential value of adapting PT protocols for parents with ADHD and warrant further evaluation of IPSA in a randomized controlled trial.
A longitudinal study of loneliness in autism and other neurodevelopmental disabilities: Coping with loneliness from childhood through adulthood
Authors: Schiltz Hillary , Gohari Dena , Park Jamie , Lord Catherine
Published: December 2023

Many autistic people and people with non-spectrum neurodevelopmental disabilities (e.g. intellectual disability) report feeling lonely, which can negatively impact their well-being. There is little longitudinal research, however, tracking changes in how autistic people experience, conceptualize, and cope with loneliness throughout their lives. A longitudinal sample of 114 people, which included autistic participants and participants with neurodevelopmental disabilities, characterized experiences of loneliness, perceptions of other people’s loneliness, and strategies used to cope with loneliness from childhood to adulthood. Level of loneliness and coping strategies were coded from Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Modules 3 and 4 protocol forms. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Loneliness Ratings were correlated across time and increased from adolescence to young adulthood. The most common loneliness coping strategies were Behavioral Distraction (e.g. watching TV) and Instrumental Action (e.g. seeking social contact), which were both used by more people in adulthood than childhood. Those who used Behavioral Distraction and a greater number of coping strategies had higher Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Loneliness–Self Ratings (i.e. were lonelier) during adolescence and adulthood. Findings highlight adulthood as a particularly vulnerable time for loneliness and indicate a need for more support and social opportunities for autistic adults and adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities who wish to make more social connections.

Lay abstract

We know that many autistic people feel lonely, but we don’t know whether their loneliness changes over time. Our research study followed autistic people and people with other non-spectrum neurodevelopmental disabilities from childhood through young adulthood and asked them about their loneliness. While many people told us they felt lonely or very lonely, a sizable group also told us that they do not feel lonely. We found that people who reported feeling lonely earlier in life were likely to also report feeling lonely later in life. Overall, autistic people and people with other neurodevelopmental disabilities in our study became lonelier from adolescence to adulthood. People described multiple ways they cope with feeling lonely, such as distracting themselves or reaching out to connect with another person. People who used distraction tended to be lonelier than those who did not. Our findings tell us that there is a need for greater support of social connections for many autistic people as they become adults.
Evaluation of solubility parameters and relative energy difference (RED) on the preparation of polysulfone/polyethylene glycol membrane: A study on the casting solution and coagulation bath
Authors: Dehghan Rahim , Kordkatooli Zahra , Barzin Jalal
Published: December 2023

Solubility parameters are effective factors for controlling membrane preparation based on hydrophilic/hydrophobic polymers. Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) of a polysulfone/polyethylene glycol (PSU/PEG) in increasing PEG molecular weights and binary coagulation bath of solvent/non-solvent mixtures are investigated. The results revealed that with increased PEG molecular weight in the casting solution, the relative energy difference (RED) of the solution increases, and subsequently its instability increases too. On the other hand, by increasing the solvent in the coagulation bath, RED decreases. Findings demonstrated that by increasing PEG molecular weight to 15,000 g/mol and increasing solvent to 60 wt% in the coagulation bath, an interconnected sponge-like structure with maximum mean pore size (120 nm) was achieved. With increased PEG molecular weight, membrane morphology tended toward to a sponge-like structure due to delayed demixing in the phase inversion stage. Furthermore, pure water permeability and rejection capability of membranes exhibited that with increasing RED of casting solution and reducing RED of coagulation bath, the highest permeability (2199 L/m2h and the lowest rejection capability (33%) of the membrane were attained. This study confirmed that, for the PSU/PEG system, by controlling the solubility parameters, RED value of casting solution and coagulation bath, membrane characteristics can be controlled.
Targeting of the CD161 inhibitory receptor enhances T-cell–mediated immunity against hematological malignancies
Authors: Alvarez Calderon Francesca , Kang Byong H. , Kyrysyuk Oleksandr , Zheng Shiwei , Wang Hao , Mathewson Nathan D. , Luoma Adrienne M. , Ning Xiaohan , Pyrdol Jason , Cao Xuan , Suvà Mario L. , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Wittrup K. Dane , Wucherpfennig Kai W.
Published: December 2023

The CD161 inhibitory receptor is highly upregulated by tumor-infiltrating T cells in multiple human solid tumor types, and its ligand, CLEC2D, is expressed by both tumor cells and infiltrating myeloid cells. Here, we assessed the role of the CD161 receptor in hematological malignancies. Systematic analysis of CLEC2D expression using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia revealed that CLEC2D messenger RNA was most abundant in hematological malignancies, including B-cell and T-cell lymphomas as well as lymphocytic and myelogenous leukemias. CLEC2D protein was detected by flow cytometry on a panel of cell lines representing a diverse set of hematological malignancies. We, therefore, used yeast display to generate a panel of high-affinity, fully human CD161 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that blocked CLEC2D binding. These mAbs were specific for CD161 and had a similar affinity for human and nonhuman primate CD161, a property relevant for clinical translation. A high-affinity CD161 mAb enhanced key aspects of T-cell function, including cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and proliferation, against B-cell lines originating from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma. In humanized mouse models, this CD161 mAb enhanced T-cell–mediated immunity, resulting in a significant survival benefit. Single cell RNA-seq data demonstrated that CD161 mAb treatment enhanced expression of cytotoxicity genes by CD4 T cells as well as a tissue-residency program by CD4 and CD8 T cells that is associated with favorable survival outcomes in multiple human cancer types. These fully human mAbs, thus, represent potential immunotherapy agents for hematological malignancies.
Androgenicity in Young Women and Development of Metabolic Syndrome Before Menopause: The CARDIA and CARDIA Women’s Studies
Authors: Vu Thanh-Huyen T , Pirzada Amber , Lewis Cora E , Schreiner Pamela J , Liu Kiang , Sternfeld Barbara , Calderon-Margalit Ronit , Merkin Sharon S , Wellons Melissa , Williams O Dale , Kim Catherine , Siscovick David S , Daviglus Martha L
Published: December 2023

Context

There are no reported data from prospective long-term studies on the relation of androgen levels in young women with development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) before menopause.

Objective

We investigated associations of androgens and SHBG with incident MetS during 23 years of follow-up.

Methods

We included 366 White and 375 Black women ages 20 to 32 years participating in the CARDIA study and CARDIA Women’s study, free of MetS at baseline examination (1987-1988), and premenopausal 23 years later. Androgens and SHBG were categorized into quartiles. MetS was defined according to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2009 Joint Scientific Statement. Cox proportional hazards models were used.

Results

By year 23, 30% of women developed MetS. Adjusting for baseline age, race, and education, hazard ratios (95% CI) of developing MetS were 1.46 (1.02-2.10) and 2.22 (1.53-3.21) for women in the highest vs lowest total testosterone (T) and free T quartile, respectively. The hazards of developing MetS were 47%, 59%, and 53% lower for women with SHBG in the second, third, and fourth quartiles (vs lowest quartile), respectively. Associations were attenuated for total T with further adjustments for smoking, physical activity, menstrual status, oral contraceptive/hormone (OCHM) use, insulin level, oligomenorrhea, and age at menarche, but remained statistically significant for free T and SHBG. Associations were similar for both Blacks and Whites, and OCHM nonusers, but not for OCHM users.

Conclusion

High androgenicity in young premenopausal women is associated with higher risk of future MetS, suggesting that early assessment of androgens may contribute to prevention.
Perioperative Patients With Hemodynamic Instability: Consensus Recommendations of the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation
Authors: Scott Michael J. ,   the APSF Hemodynamic Instability Writing Group
Published: December 2023

In November of 2022, the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation held a Consensus Conference on Hemodynamic Instability with invited experts. The objective was to review the science and use expert consensus to produce best practice recommendations to address the issue of perioperative hemodynamic instability. After expert presentations, a modified Delphi process using discussions, voting, and feedback resulted in 17 recommendations regarding advancing the perioperative care of the patient at risk of, or with, hemodynamic instability. There were 17 high-level recommendations. These recommendations related to the following 7 domains: Current Knowledge (5 statements); Preventing Hemodynamic Instability-Related Harm During All Phases of Care (4 statements); Data-Driven Quality Improvement (3 statements); Informing Patients (2 statements); The Importance of Technology (1 statement); Launch a National Campaign (1 statement); and Advancing the Science (1 statement). A summary of the recommendations is presented in Table 1.
Remedios for Relationships: Social Precarity and Amatory Therapeutics in the Early Circum-Caribbean
Authors: Block Kristen
Published: December 2023

This study argues that practices sometimes referred to as “love magic” operated instead as relational therapeutics in colonial Latin America. Focusing on women's roles in Spanish Caribbean port cities from the late sixteenth through the early eighteenth century, I analyze a range of relationship remedios (or cures) ranging from divination and prayers to spells and potions by interrogating early modern Spanish Inquisition records from Mexico and Cartagena de Indias. Far from simple reflections of religious deviance, these trials show women searching within their relational networks for practical remedies to cure structural and personal problems in their sexual partnerships. Some remedies were clearly offered on a basis more transactional than therapeutic, a reflection of the inequality, violence, and trauma of life in the colonial Caribbean. People in the region drew on a range of amatory therapeutics to relieve emotional pain, soothe everyday tensions over power, and cope with economic precarity.