bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Trends of EFL Students in English Education Program: A 2005-2015 Survey
Authors: Iftanti Erna , Shofiya Arina
Published: June 2017

One of the purposes of English Education Program of State Islamic Institute of Tulungagung, Indonesia, is to lead the graduates to do research on linguistics and language teaching and to write a thesis accordingly. However, the preliminary study shows that there is some repeatedly done research of the same topics, because the students commonly spend their time copying and pasting or modifying their seniors’ previous studies during writing the research proposals. If the advisors are not punctual in advising their advisees, it is possible to do some unintentional plagiarism which furthers block the contribution toward the body of knowledge in English language and education. Therefore, this article is intended to describe research trends of EFL students in English education. This descriptive study done through a questionnaire survey to 450 out of 849 students’ theses reveals that during the last eleven year, TEFL is the most popular research topic, because it is their mainstream topic. Still, they include other topics than TEFL which are mostly researched by using Descriptive (Qualitative). However, the students’ theses also indicate the development of implementing various research methods i.e. Quantitative, Classroom Action Research, and Research & Development. Moreover, although it is revealed that the research has already indicated the appropriateness of research objective with its title and research background, the EFL students’ theses need some improvement on writing research gap, reviewing related literature and previous studies, and on drawing conclusion and stating suggestion and research contribution as well. This study is then useful as the basis to make a research road map and important to avoid plagiarism and set a thorough research contribution to the body of knowledge on TEFL in Indonesia.
Lexical Features of Teacher Talk in English Classrooms in Senior High Schools
Authors: Irmayani Irmayani , Rachmajanti Sri
Published: June 2017

AbstractEnglish as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Indonesia has been taught since elementary schools. As the only setting for EFL learners to learn English formally, the students of Senior High Schools are in the 7th to 9th year in acquiring English as a foreign language. As non-native English teachers who has been teaching English for years, English teachers in Indonesia are supposed to be the source of language input for learners. This article explores lexical features of teacher talk as an input in EFL classrooms in 8th year of senior high schools of English language classrooms. Type token ratio and parts of speech as some particular modified input of teacher talk are used to see lexical density in English classrooms. This study was conducted by descriptive method with qualitative approach. The data of the present study were taken from classroom observations equipped with audio recordings. The result revealed the variants of type token ratio among the teachers and lexical variety that teachers’ oral input. The variety of lexical features of teacher talk from will be discussed to examine type token ration, lexical density and proportion of the use of nouns and verbs.(176 words)
Investigation of trap efficiency of retention dams
Authors: Parsaie Abbas , Ememgholizadeh Samad , Haghiabi Amir Hamzeh , Moradinejad Amir
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the trap efficiency (TE) of retention dams was investigated using laboratory experiments. To map the relation between TE and involved parameters, artificial intelligence (AI) methods including artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and support vector machine (SVM) were utilized. Results of experiments indicated that the range of TE varies between 30 and 98%; hence, this structure can be recommended to control sediment transport in watershed management plans. Experimental results showed that by increasing the longitudinal slope of streams, TE decreases. This finding was observed for Vf/Vs parameter, as well. By increasing the mean diameter grain size (D50) and specific gravity of sediments (Gs), TE increases. Results of all applied AI models demonstrated that all of them have suitable performance; however, the minimum data dispersivity was observed in SVM outcomes. It is notable that the best performance of transfer, membership and kernel functions were related to tansig, gaussmf and radial basis function (RBF) for ANN, SVM and ANFIS, respectively.
Preparation of a novel chloromethylated polystyrene-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole chelating resin and its adsorption properties and mechanism for separation and recovery of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhou Huihua , Zheng Jianjun , Wang Hui , Wang Jianxin , Song Xiaoguang , Cao Yanmei , Fang Lei , Feng Yuping , Xiong Chunhua
Published: June 2017

With an efficient methodology, a novel chloromethylated polystyrene-g-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole chelating resin (MTR resin) was prepared via a one-step reaction. The structure of MTR resin was characterized by elements analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, the adsorption properties of the resin for Hg(II) were investigated by batch and column experiments. The results showed that the resin possessed much better adsorption capability for Hg(II) than for other metal ions. The statically and the dynamic saturated adsorption capacities were 343.8 mg/g and 475.1 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic and equilibrium data were well fitted to the second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Desorption of mercury from the resin can be achieved using 30 mL of 2 mol/L HCl-5% thiourea solution with a desorption ratio of 92.3%. Compared with other absorbents, MTR resin was greatly conserve natural resources and reduce the cost.
A bio-electrochemical membrane system for more sustainable wastewater treatment with MnO2/PANI modified stainless steel cathode and photosynthetic provision of dissolved oxygen by algae
Authors: Yang Qiao , Lin Yang , Liu Lifen , Yang Fenglin
Published: June 2017

A competitive sewage treatment technology should meet the standard of water quality requirement and accomplish recovery of potential energy. This study presents such a new system, with coupled membrane bioreactor-microbial fuel cell features, which can not only treat wastewater, but also recovers energy from wastewater by electricity generation, and form a new resource by photosynthesis while providing the dissolved oxygen by algae. Specifically, in the system, the MnO2/polyaniline is used to modify the stainless steel mesh and to function well as system membrane and cathode, with satisfactory filtration and catalysis performance. The system enables continuous wastewater treatment with stable pollutant removal and electricity generation. Under the membrane flux of 119.4 Lm−2 h−1, a maximum power density of 1.2 W m−3 can be achieved, the algae multiply 6.1 times, and satisfactory wastewater treatment effect is achieved.
Optimization of paper mill industry wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton processes using response surface methodology
Authors: Guvenc Senem Yazici , Erkan Hanife Sari , Varank Gamze , Bilgili Mehmet Sinan , Engin Guleda Onkal
Published: June 2017

This study deals with chemical oxygen demand (COD), phenol and Ca+2 removal from paper mill industry wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-Fenton (EF) processes. A response surface methodology (RSM) approach was employed to evaluate the effects and interactions of the process variables and to optimize the performance of both processes. Significant quadratic polynomial models were obtained (R2 = 0.959, R2 = 0.993 and R2 = 0.969 for COD, phenol and Ca+2 removal, respectively, for EC and R2 = 0.936, R2 = 0.934 and R2 = 0.890 for COD, phenol and Ca+2 removal, respectively). Numerical optimization based on desirability function was employed; in a 27.55 min trial, 34.7% of COD removal was achieved at pH 9 and current density 96 mA/cm2 for EC, whereas in a 30 min trial, 74.31% of COD removal was achieved at pH 2 and current density 96 mA/cm2 and H2O2/COD molar ratio 2.0 for EF. The operating costs were calculated to be 6.44 €/m3 for EC and 7.02 €/m3 for EF depending on energy and electrode consumption at optimum conditions. The results indicate that the RSM is suitable for the design and optimization of both of the processes. However, EF process was a more effective technology for paper mill industry wastewater treatment as compared with EC.
Inactivation of Bacillus Spores in Wash Waters Using Dilute Chlorine Bleach Solutions at Different Temperatures and pH Levels
Authors: Gallardo Vicente J. , Schupp Donald A. , Heckman John L. , Krishnan E. Radha , Rice Eugene W.
Published: June 2017

Inactivation of Bacillus globigii spores in wash water was studied to simulate chlorine inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spores in water generated during biological cleanups. Eight waters were studied, with six containing detergent. Chlorine levels were approximately 3000 mg/L. Results across different waters showed decreasing inactivation with increasing pH. Inactivation did not appear to be influenced by chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, turbidity, or dissolved solids. Inactivation efficacy was expressed as the time calculated to yield 6 log10 inactivation at 3000 mg NaOCl/L. This time ranged from 5 to 51 minutes at ~21 °C and from 11 to 209 minutes at ~5 °C. For one wash water, inactivation was conducted when there was no pH adjustment, and when the pH was buffered at 7 and 8. Inactivation in these buffered waters was rapid, but inactivation decreased sharply at a pH above ~9.3.
General Fate Model for Microconstituents in an Activated Sludge System
Authors: Banihashemi Bahman , Droste Ronald L.
Published: June 2017

Nine laboratory‐scale continuous flow porous‐pot bioreactors, operating at various solids retention times (SRT) and hydraulic retention times, were used to simulate activated sludge systems, and to evaluate biodegradation kinetic models for the fate of 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol‐A (BPA), and triclosan (TCS) at the μg/L range. Mathematical models were applied to describe the degradation mechanism of selected microconstituents and the pseudo‐second‐order model was found to best fit the results when active microconstituent degraders (XC) were used (r2 = 0.99). The result of XC estimation showed that SRT plays an important role in formation of the biomass capable of degrading selected microconstituents. It is also observed that microconstituent degraders are naturally present in an activated sludge system, even at low SRTs; however, the concentration of XC is dependent on SRT. It seems that biodegradation studies should incorporate XC, and not mixed liquor suspended solids concentration, in their kinetic formulations.
2D CFD numerička simulacija fluidizacione komore sagorevanja bazirane na Euler-Euler granularnom modelu
Authors: Nemoda Stevan , Mladenović Milica , Paprika Milijana , Repić Branislav , Marinković Ana
Published: June 2017

U radu je predložen dvodimenzijski model numeričke simulacije sagorevanja tečnih goriva u flu-idizovanom sloju, koji se zasniva na dvo fluidnom Euler – Euler pristupom modeliranja fluidizovanog sloja uz određivanje polja brzina gasa i čestica u dvofaznim, granularnim tokovima zasnovane na ana-logiji sa kinetičkom teorijom gasova (KTGF). Sveobuhvatan model kompleksnih procesa u fluidizacio-noj komori sagorevanja podrazumeva, pored određivanja polja brzina gasne i čestične faze, inkorpori-ranje energetskih jednačina gasne i čestične faze, kao i transportnih jednačina hemijskih komponenti sa izvornim članovima usled konverzije komponenata. Brojni numerički eksperimenti pokazuju da je izbor koeficijenata u izrazima za sile trenja prilikom interakcije faza ima izuzetan značaj i mora se sprovesti za svaki, značajno različit režim fluidizacije, posebno. Urađene su serije numeričkih eksperi-menata sa simulacijom procesa sagorevanja u FS sa i bez značajnog sadržaja vode u gorivu. Proračuni su nestacionarni, a modelirani vremenski period odgovara vremenu za koje gas prođe kroz celu visinu reaktora. Numerički eksperimenti, na osnovu predloženog matematičkog modela, su takođe korišćeni za potrebe analize uticaja različitih snaga pri kojima radi reaktor, kao i različitih stepena fluidizacije, na efikasnost sagorevanja kao i na profile temperatura u zoni sagorevanja.
Gašenje individualnih kotlovskih postrojenja i povezivanje na toplovodnu mrežu sistema daljinskog grejanja
Authors: Osmanovski Toni , Valdevit Dragoslav , Karličić Nikola
Published: June 2017

U radu je opisano je unapređivanje kvaliteta daljinskog grejanja i smanjenje zagađenja i povećanje efikasnosti celog sistema. Na grejnom području Karaburma JKP „Beograske elektrane“ postoji trinaest kotlovskih postrojenja koja rade na ugalj i mazut, koriste se za proizvodnju toplotne energije. Tokom 2016. godine izveden je novi predizolovani toplovod od toplane Dunav do Karaburme gde se nalaze pet kotlovskih postrojenja koja su ugašena tako da su svi korisnici toplotne energije priključeni na novi toplotni izvor. U radu su prikazani problemi koji su se javljali prilikom izvođenja radova pri gašenju individualnih kotlovskih postrojenja, pri izgradnji novog predizolovanog toplovoda i pri izgradnji toplotnih podstanica. Cilj ovog rada je unapređivanje kvaliteta daljinskog grejanja i smanjenje zagađenja i povećanje efikasnosti celog sistema.
Pristup rizicima u sistemu menadžmenta kvaliteta zasnovan na FMEA metodi
Authors: Čobrenović Ana , Đurić Mladen
Published: June 2017

Pristup menadžmentu rizika varira u zavisnosti od delatnosti i veličine organizacije, te se može posmatrati iz mnoštva različitih aspekata. Na svakoj organizaciji je da prepozna svoje rizike i prilike, kao i da se na adekvatan način bavi njima. Savremena poslovna praksa pokazuje koliko je ovaj koncept važan za uspešno poslovanje i funkcionisanje bilo koje organizacije. U tom smislu, razmišljanje zasnovano na riziku postaje nezaobilazni princip i deo standarda za sisteme menadžmenta. Način tumačenja zahteva ovih standarda predodređuje alate i metode menadžmenta rizika koje jedna organizacija koristi. U ovom radu se daje tumačenje zahteva standarda ISO 9001:2015 za sisteme menadžmenta kvaliteta, koji su u vezi sa menadžmentom rizika, kao i neka od rešenja zasnovana na procesnom pristupu, u kombinaciji sa primenom FMEA metode. Ovakav pristup pruža izvrsnu osnovu za povećanje efektivnosti sistema menadžmenta kvaliteta, ostvarivanje poboljšanih rezultata, kao i sprečavanje negativnih efekata.
Kako odabrati način sušenja oraha
Authors: Đaković Damir , Doder Đorđije , Anđelković Aleksandar
Published: June 2017

Prilikom donošenja odluka uobičajeno je da se uradi analiza koja će u obzir uzeti različite kriterijume. Pošto postoji nekoliko poznatih načina za sušenje oraha, postavlјa se pitanje koji od njih odabrati. U radu je obavljena analiza na osnovu kriterijuma različite vrste koji bi donosiocu odluke mogli da pomognu u donošenju odgovarajuće odluke. Analizirani su aspekti koji mogu da utiču na formiranje i odabir odgovarajućih kriterijuma, a analiza je sprovedena i na konkretnom primeru.
Upravljanje termodimnom komorom
Authors: Stankov Stanko S. , Arsić Saša P. , Danković Nikola B. , Icić Zoran D.
Published: June 2017

U radu se razmatra automatsko upravljanje termodimnom komorom, koja je namenjena za termičku obradu (sušenje, kuvanje, prženje, pečenje) i dimljenje mesa, mesnih proizvoda, ribe, sira itd. Komora poseduje električne grejače za sušenje i grejače za generisanje pare, ventilator s frekvencijskom regulacijom za cirkulaciju vazduha, integrisane sisteme za generisanje dima i eliminaciju otpadnog dima, elektromagnetne ventile za pranje i klapne za regulaciju otvora dimovodnog kanala. Upravljačka logika je na bazi PLC – a. Prikazivanje i zadavanje karakterističnih veličina i parametara kao što su temperatura, vlažnost vazduha u komori, tekuća vrednost vlažnosti u jednoj ili dve tačke proizvoda koji se tretiraju u komori i strujanje vazduha, vrši se na operatorskom panelu. Na panelu se zadaju programi i mogu se videti statusi uređaja, koji omogućavaju funkcionalnost termodimne komore. Procedura upravljanja komorom odvija se aktiviranjem odgovarajućih receptura, koje su kreirane na osnovu iskustava i zahteva tehnologa, a rezultat toga je dobar kvalitet proizvoda.
Automatizacija postrojenja za skladištenje i pretakanje metanola u pogonu za proizvodnju biodizela
Authors: Stankov Stanko S. , Arsić Saša P. , Icić Zoran D. , Danković Nikola B.
Published: June 2017

Opisan je sistem za akviziciju podataka, nadzor i upravljanje postrojenjem za skladištenje i pre-takanje metil alkohola, koji se koristi kao reaktant u tehnološkom procesu (proizvodnja biodizela u sklopu Fabrike FAM Kruševac). Upravljanje i nadzor se vrše pomoću PLC i SCADA sistema. Pregled i zadavanje karakterističnih parametara i veličina vrši se preko kreiranih ekrana na touch panelu i PC računaru na kome se izvršava arhiviranje podataka. Pod nadzorom SCADA su: diskretni i kontinualni nivoi rezervoara za skladištenje metanola, statusi pumpi za pretakanje, temperature metanola u rezervoarima i cevovodu, pritisak u cevovodu i maseni protok metanola. Omogućeno je arhiviranje podataka i generisanje izveštaja.
Natural Theology: A Recent History
Authors: Vainio Olli-Pekka
Published: June 2017

This article tells the story of Christian natural theology from the late 18th century to our own time by locating the key moments and thinkers, who have shaped how natural theology has been practiced in the past and how it is now being re-assessed and developed. I will summarize certain key elements that unite all forms of natural theology and assess briefly two basic criticisms of natural theology.
Natural Theology in Evolution: A Review of Critiques and Changes
Authors: Kojonen Rope
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this article is to provide a broad overview and analysis of the evolution of natural theology in response to influential critiques raised against it. I identify eight main lines of critique against natural theology, and analyze how the defenders of different types of natural theology differ in their responses to these critiques, leading into several very different forms of natural theology. Based on the amount and quality of discussion that exists, I argue that simply referring to the critiques of Hume, Kant, Darwin, and Barth should no longer be regarded as sufficient to settle the debate over natural theology.
A historiografia e a filosofia: os parágrafos introdutórios da obra de Salústio - dicotomia entre corpo e alma
Authors: Borges Marlene Lessa Vergilio
Published: June 2017

É muito discutida a passagem do capítulo IX1 da Poética em que Aristóteles fala sobre a diferença entre poesia e história afirmando que “a poesia é algo de mais filosófico e mais sério do que a história...”. A justificativa é que a poesia refere o universal, enquanto a história trata do particular; assim, o que é geral pode ser objeto de reflexão filosófica, o que é particular, não. Aristóteles considera objeto da poesia, por exemplo, a ação que uma categoria de homens realiza em determinadas circunstâncias. Já o que Alcibíades fez ou o que lhe aconteceu, não é objeto da poesia. 
A morte de Príamo - Virgílio (Eneida II, 506-558)
Authors: Piccolo Alexandre
Published: June 2017

Tradução
FUNARI, Pedro Paulo Abreu & SILVA, Maria Aparecida de Oliveira (Orgs.). Política e Identidades no Mundo Antigo. São Paulo: Annablume/Fapesp, 2009, 252p.
Authors: Balthazar Gregory Da Silva
Published: June 2017

Resenha
Tirania e pensamento político nas Histórias de Heródoto
Authors: Condilo Camila Da Silva
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo explora a idéia de que reis e tiranos têm um importante papel nas Histórias por servirem como estratégia narrativa através da qual Heródoto expressa seu pensamento político na obra, pensamento este relacionado com suas preocupações em torno do exercício do poder.

Tyranny and political thinking in Herodotus’ Histories

Abstract

This article explores the idea that kings and tyrants have an important role in the Histories due to their importance as a key element in the narrative strategy in which Herodotus expresses his political thoughts throughout this particular work, these thoughts are connected to his concerns regarding the practice of power.

Keywords: Herodotus; tyranny; politics.
Pégase d’Eleuthères: d’une légende de transmission tardive au mythe étiologique «re-enacted»
Authors: Bacelar Agatha Pitombo
Published: June 2017

Este artigo pretende mostrar as operações através das quais os estudiosos da religiao grega fizeram da lenda de Pégaso de Eleutera o mito etiologico das Grandes Dionisíacas. A análise dos principais textos antigos que relacionam essa lenda à figura de Dioniso Eleutereu permite evidenciar a as operações de configuraçao e modelizaçao dos testemunhos antigos através da categoria operatoria de aition. Em um segundo momento, o artigo propõe outros argumentos que reforcem as hipotese da lenda de Pégaso como aition. 
A construção do ethos do orador no Pro Milone de Cícero
Authors: Lessa Vergílio Borges Marlene
Published: June 2017

O poder de persuasão do ethos do orador é reconhecido tanto na tradição retórica grega como na latina. Mas é na prática oratória romana que a utilização do ethos como fonte de persuasão se torna proeminente. Com base na teoria de Cícero sobre o ethos, desenvolvida no De oratore, II, 182-184, procuramos, neste trabalho, realizar um estudo da representação do ethos do orador no discurso Pro Milone, analisando os procedimentos retóricos empregados nesse processo. 

Abstract

The power of the orator’s ethos is recognized both in Greek and Latin rhetorical tradition. Yet, it is in the Roman oratorical practice that the use of the ethos as a source of persuasion stands out. Based on the Ciceronian theory concerning the ethos, exposed in the De Oratore, II, 182-184, we aim to study in this paper the representation of the speaker’s ethos in Cicero’s Pro Milone, analyzing the rhetorical procedures applied to this process.

Keywords: Ethos; Cicero; Pro Milone; rhetoric; Roman oratory. 
A mimesis nos Livros III e X da República de Platão
Authors: Andrade Maronna Helena
Published: June 2017

O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a questão da mimesis na República de Platão; que o leva a banir a poesia de sua cidade ideal e o porquê deste ataque. No início da República Platão aparenta assumir uma posição branda em relação à poesia imitativa, mas ao longo da obra a sua censura vai tornando-se cada vez mais violenta até culminar com o banimento do poeta de sua cidade ideal. Quando Platão desvela o seu maior ataque à poesia no Livro X, muita discussão já foi feita acerca da educação da cidade ideal e do cidadão ideal; paralelo entre o todo e a parte que Platão estabelece durante toda a exposição de sua doutrina. Apoiando-nos na crítica moderna sobre tal problemática pretendemos obter uma visão mais abrangente sobre os estudos da mimesis retratada nos Livros III e X da República de Platão.

Mimesis in Book 3 and 10 of Plato’s Republic

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the question of the mimesis in Plato’s Republic, what motivates him to banish the poetry of its ideal city and the reasons of this attack. At the beginning of the Republic, Plato seems to assume a lenient position on the imitative poetry, but throughout the dialogue his censorship becomes increasingly violent until culminating with the banishment of the poet from its ideal city. When Plato evinces his major attack against the poetry in Book X, much discussion had already been made concerning the ideal city’s education and the ideal citizen by the parallel between the whole and the part that Plato establishes during the entire exposition of his doctrines. With the support of the modern critics about such problematic, we intend to get a more including understanding of the studies of mimesis in Books III and X of Plato’s Republic.

Keywords: Ancient Philosophy, Plato, Republic, mimesis. 
Um estudo dos procedimentos ecfrásticos
Authors: Rodolpho Melina
Published: June 2017

A finalidade da presente pesquisa é estudar alguns recursos que servem tanto à retórica como à poética sob o prisma dos mecanismos que permitem produzir imagens verbais; entramos, portanto, em uma questão muito difundida na Antiguidade: trata-se da relação entre as artes verbais e as visuais. Os procedimentos inicialmente selecionados foram a écfrase (ékphrasis) e a enargia (enárgeia). No entanto, no decorrer desse estudo, observamos outros dispositivos retóricos que produzem o mesmo efeito de visualização de imagens ausentes por meio da descrição verbal. Há ainda a discussão acerca da nomenclatura, pois o mesmo efeito é designado por diferentes termos, demonstrando a diversidade de procedimentos que permitem produzir um discurso “visual” por meio da linguagem verbal. A pesquisa não se restringe ao campo teórico, uma vez que a leitura e análise de excertos de algumas obras da Antiguidade servem como base para fundamentar as conclusões. 

A Study of Ecfrastic Procedures

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to study some devices which can be used in the rhetoric and poetics to produce verbal images. Therefore, we research a common subject in Antiquity: the relation between the verbal and visual arts. This paper focuses on ékphrasis and enárgeia; however, there are other mechanisms which produce the same effect. There is profusion of names to the ecfrastic process, creating confusion when we try to establish the limits and differences of each procedure. Beyond the theory, we analyze the application of the concepts from some ancient examples to underlie our conclusions.

Keywords: Ecfrasis; Evidence; Enargia. 
Elegia marcial e ocasião de performance
Authors: De C.M.Brunhara Rafael
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho consiste de um exame breve das correntes teóricas que propõem o simpósio aristocrático como ocasião única e evidente da performance de poemas elegíacos arcaicos de pequena extensão. Igualmente, considera testemunhos antigos sobre a recepção da poesia de Tirteu e a presença de tópicas militares em elegias notadamente simposiais. Por conseguinte, visa a oferecer, liminarmente, pressupostos para uma compreensão outra da elegia exortativa marcial, na medida em que verifica a relação entre esta poesia, o contexto que a motiva, e a sua similaridade formal e temática com textos pertencentes à tradição épica. 

Martial elegy and performance

Abstract

This work consists in a brief exam of academical studies which assume the aristocratic symposion as an exclusive occasion for early greek elegies’ performance. It also considers historical evidence about the reception of Tyrtaeus’ poetry and the presence of military topics in typical symposion environment. Therefore, this paper raises preliminary conjectures for a different comprehension on martial exhortative elegy, along with the inspection of relations among this poetry, its context, and its formal and thematic resemblances with epic texts.

Keywords: early greek elegy; epic tradition; performance; Tyrtaeus. 
Cena-típica e tema em Homero: recepção do hóspede no Canto XIV da Odisseia
Authors: Xanthakos Viviani
Published: June 2017

O estudo de cenas-típicas na poesia homérica teve início com o trabalho de Walter Arend, em 1933, que desenvolveu a teoria de que tanto na Ilíada quanto na Odisseia existem ações recorrentes que são descritas com muitos detalhes e palavras semelhantes. Embora o trabalho de Arend tenha sido independente das pesquisas desenvolvidas por Milman Parry acerca da oralidade em Homero, o conceito de cena-típica (ou tema, como foi tratado por Albert Lord) também está presente na teoria Parry-Lord, como uma das características da composição oral. Desde então, além da divergência de nomenclatura (cena-típica/tema), sua definição e função tem sido debatida entre os estudiosos de Homero. 

O objetivo deste trabalho é a análise da recepção de Odisseu pelo porqueiro Eumeu, no canto XIV da Odisseia, segundo o conceito de cena-típica, estudando a sequência da cena de hospitalidade, sobretudo o posicionamento do hospedeiro como audiência de seu hóspede.

Type-scene and theme in Homer: welcoming the host in Odyssey XIV

Abstract

The study of type-scene in Homeric poetry began so to speak with a book by Walter Arend (Die typischen Scenen bei Homer, 1933), who showed that in the Iliad and the Odyssey there are recurrent actions described with many similar details and words. Although Arend’s book was independent of the research developed by Milman Parry about orality in the homeric poems, the concept of type-scene (or ‘theme’, as used by Albert Lord) is also present in the Parry-Lord theory as one of the keystones of oral composition. Since then its definition and function have been under discussion among Homeric scholars. The objective of this paper is to analyze Odysseus’ welcome by the swineherd Eumeus in Odyssey XIV focusing on the hospitality-scene and specially on the figure of the host as an ‘audience’ of his guest.

Keywords: oral composition, Homer, type-scene, Odyssey, Odysseus 
A imagem do recuo do Sol na tragédia Tiestes de Sêneca
Authors: Helena Dibbern Cynthia
Published: June 2017

Este breve trabalho analisa a recorrente imagem do recuo do sol na tragédia Tiestes de Sêneca, desvendando sua relação com as doutrinas filosóficas do estoicismo. A temática da ausência de luminosidade será associada à ausência de ratio e ao domínio pelas paixões no agir de Atreu e Tiestes. Tal metáfora, sendo vista ainda como metonímia, ampliará a significação da imagem à representação do caos cosmológico que se instaura com a ausência do lógos, enriquecendo assim a teoria filosófica presente na obra.

The image of sun retreat on Seneca’s tragedy Thyestes

Abstract

This short work analyses the recurrent image of sun retreat and light on Seneca’s tragedy Thyestes, revealing her relation with stoic philosophic doctrines. The topic of lightness absence will be associated to the ratio absence and passions domain on Atreus and Thyestes acts. The metaphor of sun recoil, saw also as a metonymy, will expand the image meaning to the representation of cosmologic chaos, caused by lógos absence.

Keywords: Thyestes, Latin Tragedy, Seneca 

 
A Citação da Palinódia de Estesícoro no Fedro de Platão
Authors: Araújo Gomes Vanessa
Published: June 2017

Este artigo trata da citação da Palinódia de Estesícoro no Fedro de Platão, além de apresentar uma interpretação para as principais questões relacionadas à citação no contexto desse diálogo. 
Os antigos germanos em Os Sertões: Canudos e Teutoburgo
Authors: Kunst Rafael Vicente
Published: June 2017

Para explicar a aparente contradição entre barbárie e civilização que envolvia a descrição do sertanejo ao longo de Os Sertões, Euclides da Cunha recorre a diversos elementos da Antiguidade clássica como, por exemplo, a narrativa da batalha de Teutoburgo. Minha pesquisa consiste em analisar como e com quais motivações a escrita euclidiana utiliza as descrições clássicas dos antigos povos germânicos e seus conflitos contra os romanos.

The ancient Germans in Os Sertões: Canudos and Teutoburg

Abstract

To explain the apparent contradiction between barbarism and civilization that involved the description of the sertanejo written in Os Sertões, Euclides da Cunha uses various elements of Classical Antiquity, for example, the narrative of the battle of Teutoburg. My research is to examine how and with what motivations writing Euclidean uses the classic descriptions of the ancient Germanic people and their conflicts with the Romans.

Keywords: Os Sertões; Reception; Battle of Teutoburg 
Comparison of Mat with Elisa and Lat Tests in Detecting Toxoplasma Gondii Antibodies in Human Sera
Authors: Mawlood Hemdad H. , Mero Wijdan M. S. , Su Chunlei , Isa Abdallah M.
Published: June 2017

The modified agglutination test (MAT) has been widely used for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in numerous animal species. For the standard protocol of MAT test, T. gondii whole cell antigens were produced in the laboratory mice, which was a tedious process. The produced antigen in cell culture was used to assure its capability for MAT test.  For detecting the antibodies of T. gondii in human sera, comparison was made between MAT, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and latex agglutination test (LAT).  A total of 96 human serum samples were tested. The anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were found in 25.0% (24/96), 20.8% (20/96) and 13.5% (13/96) samples by MAT (cutoff 1:25), ELISA and LAT tests, respectively.  The MAT and ELISA tests matched 95.8% in detection of IgG antibodies, with the positive percent agreement of 100% (20/20) and negative percent agreement of 94.7% (72/76).  For the MAT versus LAT tests, the overall agreement was 88.5% (85/96), with the positive percent agreement of 100% (13/13) and negative percent agreement of 86.7% (72/83). These results suggest a strong correlation between the MAT and ELISA tests in detecting serum IgG to T. gondii in human sera.  In conclusion, T. gondii prepared in cell culture provides an alternative solution to produce antigens for MAT test.
The Effect of the Different Concentration and Proportion of Mixtures of Actara Insecticide and Ginger Oil in the Mortality Rate of Larvae of Greater Wax Moth, Galleria Mellonella L.
Authors: Al-sinjari Sofyan H. S.
Published: June 2017

During this study the toxic effect of Actara and ginger oil of Zingiber officinale, individually or in combination, on the 3rd and 5th instar larvae of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. was investigated. The percentages of mortality of 3rd and 5th instars larval stage exposed for Actara, at concentrations of 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 µl/ larva, after 24 hours exposure were 17.50, 25.00 and 32.50 %, and 10.00, 12.50 and 17.50 respectively. The percentages of mortality of 3rd and 5th  instars larval stage exposed to mixture 1:1 of Actara insecticide and ginger oil at concentrations of  0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 µl/ larva were 26.60, 40.00 and 50.00% (for 3rd instar), and 20, 26.60 and 33.30% (for 5th instar) respectively, after exposure period of 24 hours. While the mortality of 3rd and 5th instars larval stage exposed to the mixing ratio 1:2 (Actara insecticide and ginger oil) of the same concentrations and same exposure period mentioned previously, were 36.60, 46.00 and 63.30 % (for 3rd instar), and 26.60, 36.60 and 46.60% (for 5th instar), respectively. Whereas in the mixing ratio 1:3(Actara insecticide and ginger oil) of same concentrations and same exposure period mentioned previously, the mortality (3rd and 5th instars larvae) were 53.30, 63.00 and 90.00 % (for 3rd instar), and 33.30, 46.60 and 63.00% (for 5th instar), respectively. The synergistic ratios for 3rd and 5th instars larval stage exposed to mixtures 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 (different concentrations of Actara insecticide and ginger oil), were 1.25, 1.6 and 2.4 (for 3rd instar), and 1.88, 3.50 and 4.01 (for 5th instar), respectively, after 24 hours of exposure.  This indicates that a combination of different concentrations of the Actara insecticide with ginger oil produced synergistic effect.
Curative Effects of Pomegranate and Ginger on Hepatic and Renal Functions of Indomethacin-Induced Peptic Ulcers in Albino Rats
Authors: Shekha Mudhir S. , Abdulwahid Muhsin J. , Hamadamin Peshraw S. , Ismail Trifa F. , Hamad Bakir Saman R. , Ibrahim Laween M. , Ahmed Lana M.
Published: June 2017

A peptic ulcer is one of the more severe diseases and most classic treatment protocol produce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of two natural extracts, namely Pomegranate and Ginger, on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Animals were divided into five groups; 1. Normal control group, 2. An ulcer control group Indomethacin (0.3 mg /rats), 3. Omeprazole (3 mg /rats), a4. Pomegranate (40 mg /rats), 5. Ginger (20 mg /rats).  The ulcers were induced made from groups 2 - 5 by oral administration of Indomethacin. Rats subjected to indomethacin administration showed significant ulceration in the glandular area of their stomachs compared to normal control rats. In addition, significant elevations S.GPT, S.GOT, S. creatinine and S. Urea (P< 0.05) were observed. Alternatively, pretreatment with pomegranate and ginger significantly corrected macroscopic and biochemical parameters. These results demonstrate that administration of either pomegranate and ginger supplementation have an essential role in the prevention of ulceration induced by NSAIDs. Furthermore improved liver and kidney functions and reduced hepatoto and nephrotoxicities.
Field Efficacy of the Commercial Formulation of the Antagonistic Trichoderma Harzianum on Chickpea Wilt Caused by Fusarium Oxysporum
Authors: Marzani Qasim A. , Fatah Kamaladdin M. , Mustafa Majid H.
Published: June 2017

Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) Matuo and K. Sato) is one of the major yield limiting factors of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). For eco-friendly and sustainable management of the disease, Trichoderma harzianum as commercial product (Biocont-T), used as seed coat and jointly amended in peat moss were evaluated against the pathogen. The study was carried out in the fields of Girdarasha research station (8.8 Km south of Erbil), College of Agriculture, Salahaddin University. A moderate Ascochyta-resistant chickpea cultivar (Flip 6-15) was used. The results showed that seed treatments with T. harzianum and peat moss amendments were significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity. An increase of growth rate, plant height, biological and seed yield was also occurred. Three quantities (500, 1000, 1500 g) of peat moss showed enhancements in terms of disease incidence and severity reduction and increased the growth rate and other plant agronomic parameters as compared to untreated control. Treatment efficiency towards the yield and percentage of disease inhibition (PDI%) between treatments were measured. Using 10 Bcnt, 1000 Ptms-Tri and 1500 Ptms treatments were the most efficient treatments to enhance yield. For PDI %, 1000 Ptms-Tri, 10 Bcnt1500 Ptms and 500Ptms-Tri, were showed high disease inhibition in the field.
Evaluation and Improvement of Diesel Cut from Tawke Crude Oil Wells, Zakho
Authors: Naman Salah A. , Maher K. A. , Simo Sherwan M.
Published: June 2017

The straight run diesel cuts of crude oil from T-8 and T-16 Tawke well-Zakho have been examined (qualitative and quantitative). Physical properties such as (density, API, viscosity, cloud point, flash point, water content, sulfur content…. etc.) of this crude oil and diesel product have been measured according to the ASTM method. To improve chemical constituents of these crude oils and increasing the diesel distillation volume cuts by using three types of local clays, X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of these clays have been done, a series experiments have been done at a different percentage of local clays and different time of reflux for Tawke wells T-8 and T-16 crude oil. These experiments were performed, in order to optimize the best clay and percentage, as well as finding the suitable reflux time to enhance the volume of the fraction at (200-320) °C. The figures have been plotted to find the optimum percentage weight for each clay, time of reflux, and temperatures. The change in chemical constitutes of these crude oils have been monitored by gas chromatography and tabulated in tables.
α-Topological Vector Spaces
Authors: Ibrahim Hariwan Z.
Published: June 2017

The main objective of this paper is to present the study of α-topological vector spaces. α-topological vector spaces are defined by using α-open sets and α-irresolute mappings. Notions of convex, balanced and bounded set are introduced and studied for α-topological vector spaces. Along with other results, it is proved that every α-open subspace of an α-topological vector space is an α-topological vector space. A homomorphism between α-topological vector spaces is α-irresolute if it is α-irresolute at the identity element. In α-topological vector spaces, the scalar multiple of α-compact set is α-compact and αCl(C) as well as αInt(C) is convex if C is convex. And also, in α-topological vector spaces, αCl(E) is balanced (resp. bounded) if E is balanced (resp. bounded), but αInt(E) is balanced if E is balanced and 0 ∈ αInt(E).
Existence, Uniqueness and Stability of Periodic Solution for Nonlinear System of Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Butris Raad N. , Rafeeq Ava Sh. , Faris Hewa S.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we investigate the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the periodic solution for the system of nonlinear integro-differential equations by using the numerical-analytic methods for investigating the solutions and the periodic solutions of ordinary differential equations, which are given by A. Samoilenko.
Nonstandard Version of Intermediate Value Property
Authors: Hamad Ibrahim O. , Hussein Sami A.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, some new properties and results about Intermediate Value Property (IVP) via nonstandard concepts are given, and modifying some existing results to show the advantage role of nonstandard analysis tools for obtaining differed nonstandard distinguished results
Glamour and gripes of community forestry: impact on income distribution
Authors: Sharma A.R.
Published: June 2017

Abstract on PDF
Unfavourable structure of forests in the Terai needs immediate management
Authors: Acharya K.P.
Published: June 2017

Abstract on the PDF
Forest skylines in Turkey
Authors: Hulusi H.
Published: June 2017

Abstract on PDF
L'accroissement de l'effet de l'origine sociale sur la performance scolaire : par où est-il passé ?
Authors: Le Mener Marielle , Meuret Denis , Morlaix Sophie
Published: June 2017

Résumé L'ampleur considérable des inégalités sociales de performances scolaires interroge fortement l'équité de l'école. Nous cherchons, dans ce travail, à mettre en lumière les facteurs de l'accroissement récent de ces inégalités par le biais d'indicateurs disponibles dans les données des enquêtes PISA (2003 et 2012). Nous étudions d'abord l'évolution des différentes composantes de l'indicateur multicritère par lequel l'OCDE mesure le plus souvent le milieu social. Ensuite, nous modélisons, par une analyse en pistes causales, la décomposition de l'effet du statut professionnel des parents sur les performances afin de saisir par quoi il transite. Sont mobilisés des facteurs externes et des facteurs internes à l'école. Notre analyse souligne la responsabilité de l'école dans l'accroissement des inégalités scolaires dans le sens où l'école convertit, davantage qu'auparavant, des inégalités sociales qui, elles, ont peu évolué, en inégalités d'apprentissage. En témoignent, entre autres, le rôle de la ségrégation entre établissements ou encore de facteurs culturels, en particulier l'importance de la possession de livres au domicile familial.
On the Role IL-4/IL-13 Heteroreceptor Plays in Regulation of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ukah Tobechukwu K. , Cattin-Roy Alexis N. , Chen Weirong , Miller Mindy M. , Barik Subhasis , Zaghouani Habib
Published: June 2017

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) manifests when the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells are destroyed as a consequence of an inflammatory process initiated by lymphocytes of the immune system. The NOD mouse develops T1D spontaneously and serves as an animal model for human T1D. The IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 heteroreceptor (HR) serves both IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines, which are believed to function as anti-inflammatory cytokines in T1D. However, whether the HR provides a responsive element to environmental (i.e., physiologic) IL-4/IL-13 in the regulation of peripheral tolerance and the development of T1D has yet to be defined. In this study, NOD mice deficient for the HR have been generated by means of IL-13Rα1 gene disruption and used to determine whether such deficiency affects the development of T1D. Surprisingly, the findings indicate that NOD mice lacking the HR (13R−/−) display resistance to T1D as the rise in blood glucose level and islet inflammation were significantly delayed in these HR-deficient relative to HR-sufficient (13R+/+) mice. In fact, the frequency and spleen-to-pancreas dynamics of both Th1 and Th17 cells were affected in 13R−/− mice. This is likely due to an increase in the frequency of mTGFβ+Foxp3int regulatory T cells and the persistence of CD206+ macrophages in the pancreas as both types of cells confer resistance to T1D upon transfer to 13R+/+ mice. These findings reveal new insights as to the role environmental IL-4/IL-13 and the HR play in peripheral tolerance and the development of T1D.
On Translating Prepositions from English into Indonesian: A Case Study of Indonesian EFL Students
Authors: Napitupulu Sependi
Published: June 2017

This study attempts to investigate errors in translating prepositions from English into Indonesian language by Undergraduate students at the Methodist University Indonesia, Medan. A total of 20 students in the Department of English Literature, Faculty of English Letters were involved in this study. Forty sentences containing English prepositions were translated by the students. The translations were then compared with the Indonesian equivalence in order to find out the quality of their translation. In order to measure the quality of preposition translation, three categories were referred to, namely: correct translation, correct with revision translation, and incorrect translation. Having analyzed the data, it revealed that most of the students failed to translate complex prepositions such as phrasal verbs. However, most students successfully translated simple prepositions such as noun prepositions and adjective prepositions. From 100% correct translation expected of students, only 44.37% of the total correct translation of prepositions committed by students. While correct with revision, from 100% correct translation with revision expected of students, only 41.75% of the total correct translation that need revision is produced by students. In the meantime, 13.75% of the total incorrect translation is produced by students. It was concluded that students tend to face problems in translating prepositional verbs as they are rarely used by and unfamiliar to students.
Universal correlation for gas hydrates suppression temperature of inhibited systems: I. Single salts
Authors: Hu Yue , Lee Bo Ram , Sum Amadeu K.
Published: June 2017

Reliable prediction of hydrate suppression temperature in presence of inhibitors, such as salts, over a wide range of pressures (up to 200 MPa) is critically important, especially in the area of deepwater oil and gas production. However, the existing models and correlations that account for salts have severe limitations and deficiencies in estimating the hydrate suppression temperature. Herein, we propose a new correlation, to be called Hu‐Lee‐Sum correlation, that significantly improves the predictions of the hydrate suppression temperature by considering the salt species and concentrations, system temperature and pressure, and hydrate structure. This article represents part I of this work and it will detail the development of the correlation and demonstrate the generality and universality of the correlation to predict the hydrate suppression temperature for any single salt system. Specifically, we show accurate predictions for the hydrate suppression temperature for a number of chloride and bromide salt brine systems. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 2017