bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homotopy types of $${{\textrm{Spin}}}^{{\textrm{c}}}(n)$$-gauge groups over $$S^4$$
Authors: Rea Simon
Published: June 2023

The gauge group of a principal G-bundle P over a space X is the group of G-equivariant homeomorphisms of P that cover the identity on X. We consider the gauge groups of bundles over $$S^4$$

S
4

with $${{\textrm{Spin}}}^{{\textrm{c}}}(n)$$

Spin

c

(
n
)

, the complex spin group, as structure group and show how the study of their homotopy types reduces to that of $${{\textrm{Spin}}}(n)$$

Spin
(
n
)

-gauge groups over $$S^4$$

S
4

. We then advance on what is known by providing a partial classification for $${{\textrm{Spin}}}(7)$$

Spin
(
7
)

- and $${{\textrm{Spin}}}(8)$$

Spin
(
8
)

-gauge groups over $$S^4$$

S
4

.
Detection of homophobia and transphobia in YouTube comments
Authors: Chakravarthi Bharathi Raja
Published: June 2023

Users of online platforms have negative effects on their mental health as a direct result of the spread of abusive content across social media networks. Homophobia are terms that refer to the fear, hatred, discomfort, or suspicion of or toward those who identify as homosexual or bisexual. Transphobia is fear, hatred, discomfort toward those who are transgenders. Homophobia/transphobia speechs are a sort of offensive language that can be summed up as hate speech directed toward LGBTQ+ persons, and it has become an increasing concern in recent years. The homophobia and transphobia found online are a serious societal issue that can make online platforms toxic and unwelcoming to LGBTQ+ individuals and hinder the eradication of equality, diversity, and inclusion. We present a new dataset for online homophobia and transphobia detection that has been annotated by experts, which will enable homophobic and transphobic content to be automatically recognized. The dataset includes 15,141 annotated comments written in English, Tamil, and both Tamil and English. Additionally, we provide the outcomes of our benchmark system in a variety of machine learning models. For the purpose of developing benchmark systems, we conducted a number of experiments utilizing a variety of cutting-edge machine and deep learning models. Furthermore, we discuss our shared task conducted at LTEDI-ACL 2022 workshop to improve the research in homophobia and transphobia detection. It garnered 10 systems for the Tamil language, 13 systems for the English language, and 11 systems for the combination of Tamil and English languages. The best systems for Tamil, English, and Tamil–English each received an average macro F1 score of 0.570, 0.870, and 0.610, respectively.
Die Beckenbodenschwäche der Frau – klinische Bilder und Therapie
Authors: Adam Paul , Burkhard Fiona , Kuhn Annette
Published: June 2023

Frauen sind im Allgemeinen bis zu 4‑mal häufiger von Beckenbodendysfunktionen betroffen als Männer. Der Beckenboden ist während des Lebens der Frau grossen Belastungen wie Schwangerschaften, Geburten und hormonellen Veränderungen ausgesetzt und wird zusätzlich durch Adipositas, höheres Lebensalter und chronische Lungenerkrankungen beeinflusst. Das Diaphragma pelvis ist ein komplexes Konstrukt aus Muskeln und Bindegewebe, welches eine Vielzahl an Funktionen übernimmt: Haltefunktion der Becken- sowie Bauchorgane, Kontinenz sowie Sexualfunktion. Bei einer Beckenbodenschwäche können eine oder mehrere dieser Funktionen beeinträchtigt sein und zu dem klinischen Bild einer Urininkontinenz, Stuhlinkontinenz und/oder Descensus genitalis führen.

Eine umfassende Anamnese mit Gewichtung der Symptome sowie eine detaillierte klinische Untersuchung sind wegweisend für die weitere Therapie. An erster Linie stehen meist Lebensstiländerungen und Beckenbodentraining. Bevor eine operative Therapie anvisiert wird, gibt es eine Vielfalt an medikamentösen Therapien zur Verbesserung der Beschwerden und Steigerung der meist initial deutlich eingeschränkten Lebensqualität. Verschiedenartige operative Massnahmen (vaginal, laparoskopisch, offen) stehen im Anschluss an die konservative Therapie zur Verfügung und zeigen meist auch bei minimal-invasiven Operationen eine deutliche Besserung der Beschwerden.

Ziel dieses Artikels ist, eine Übersicht über die klinischen Bilder, Diagnostik und anschliessende Therapie zu vermitteln.
Real-Time Optimal Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Driving with Collision Avoidance Using Convex Optimization
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Zhang Xudong , Guo Hongliang , Lenzo Basilio , Guo Ningyuan
Published: June 2023

An online trajectory planning method for collision avoidance is proposed to improve vehicle driving safety and comfort simultaneously. The collision-free trajectory for autonomous driving is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem. A novel approximate convex optimization approach is developed for the online optimal trajectory in both longitudinal and lateral directions. First, a dual variable is used to model the non-convex collision-free constraint for driving safety and is calculated by solving a dual problem of the relative distance between vehicles. Second, the trajectory is further optimized in a model predictive control framework considering the safety. It realizes continuous-time and dynamic feasible motion with collision avoidance. The geometry of object vehicles is described by polygons instead of circles or ellipses in traditional methods. In order to avoid aggressive maneuver in the longitudinal and lateral directions for driving comfort, rates of the acceleration and the steering angle are restricted. The final formulated optimization problem is convex, which can be solved by using quadratic programming solvers and is computationally efficient for online application. Simulation results show that this approach can obtain similar driving performance compared to a state-of-the-art nonlinear optimization method. Furthermore, various driving scenarios are tested to evaluate the robustness and the ability for handling complex driving tasks.
Ecology and behavioral patterns of Luciola cruciate in a restored forest in a chemical plant
Authors: Sano Kazuhiko , Yokoyama Tadashi , Kato Jinichiro
Published: June 2023

Efforts to restore firefly populations are ongoing; these populations have been declining due to the development of cities and industries. The first step in restoration is the development of a breeding system that can accommodate approximately 5000 hatched larvae of Luciola cruciate, an aquatic firefly species, until they reach the last instar larval stage. The bred larvae are released into a river in a restored forest in a chemical plant, where they can breed naturally. Firefly-viewing events are organized so that people can experience the pleasure of watching fireflies. Such events can be successful if the peak flight season of fireflies can be predicted accurately. There is scope to improve the methods used for flight season prediction, which have impaired prediction accuracy owing to the variability of regional characteristics. In this study, data on fireflies and meteorological data accumulated for the restored forest over 11 years were analyzed and the peak flight days of L. cruciate adults and climbing by L. cruciate larvae were discussed. The new regression equation-based method proposed in this study, which used the breeding temperature and minimum humidity, can estimate the peak flight date of adult fireflies better than the conventional method based on the effective cumulative temperature. As part of the ecology of fireflies, statistical analysis on climbing by larvae revealed that minimum air temperature and cumulative precipitation were significant predictors of climbing and that climbing occurred on a rainy night with a minimum air temperature of ≥ 10 °C.
Best Theory Diagrams for Laminated Composite Shells Based on Failure Indexes
Authors: Petrolo M. , Iannotti P.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a novel approach to developing 2D structural theories for composite shells. The proposed approach uses the capabilities of the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) in conjunction with the Axiomatic/Asymptotic Method (AAM) to obtain the best theories for given structural layouts. Different structural cases are considered to analyze the influence of factors such as boundary conditions, lamination, and thickness on the accuracy of a model. The parameter chosen to evaluate a model’s performance is based on the Failure Indexes (FI) defined by the Hashin Failure criteria for unidirectional fiber composites. The outcome of this procedure is the Best Theory Diagram (BTD), containing the graphical representation of the highest accuracy as a function of the number of adopted unknowns. The results show the importance of higher-order terms to capture stress fields and the influence of thickness on the definition of the best theories.
Global Trends in the Study of Smart Healthcare Systems for the Elderly: Artificial Intelligence Solutions
Authors: Zhu Yi , Yang Qian , Mao Xinfa
Published: June 2023

Smart healthcare systems have received increasing attention in recent years; however, a bibliometric analysis of the research on smart healthcare systems for the elderly is lacking. This study aimed to identify scientific results and emerging themes related to smart healthcare systems for older adults. Articles and reviews related to smart healthcare systems for older adults, published between 2013 and 2022, were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database using a keyword search. Data collected included the number of publications per year, country/region, institution, author, journal, reference, citation frequency, and keywords. Bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed using the scientometric software VOSviewer and CiteSpace, as well as the bibliometric online analysis platform. In total, 486 articles were retrieved. The number of papers in the field of smart healthcare systems research for older adults has increased every year since 2013. China and the US led in both the number of papers published and total citations. King Saud University was the most prolific institution, while Deen published the highest number of articles and had the highest number of citations. Papers related to smart healthcare systems for the elderly were mainly published in Sensors, IEEE Access, and Applied Sciences-Basel journals. The keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that keywords related to ‘smart home’ appeared most frequently. The top ten common keywords were system, health, smart home, smart homes, Internet of Things, care, older adults, technology, healthcare, and people. The most recent keyword to gather attention was ‘artificial intelligence’. The research on smart healthcare systems for the elderly continues to increase steadily. China and the US maintain a leading position in the world, and institutions such as King Saud University have contributed significantly to the field of smart healthcare for older people. The smart home is the current research hotspot in the field of smart healthcare for older people, and artificial intelligence is likely to be the focus of research in the coming years. There is a need for greater collaboration between countries and institutions to help older people benefit from smart healthcare.
Gender, Institutional Inequality, and Institutional Diversity in Archaeology Articles in Major Journals and Sapiens
Authors: Hutson Scott R. , Johnson James , Price Sophia , Record Dorian , Rodriguez Marcus , Snow Taylor , Stocking Tera
Published: June 2023

Studies in the sociopolitics of archaeology have shown patterns of inequality in publishing. Because this inequality affects the richness of perspectives on the past, the extent of unevenness requires continual documentation. This article explores gendered and institutionally based patterns of authorship in prominent archaeology journals, archaeology papers in general science journals, and Sapiens, a public-facing web magazine, from 2016 to 2021. We find that the representation of women is similar across these two types of journals, for authors both in the United States and abroad. Men still publish significantly more than women though the gap is narrowing due to the publication activity of recent PhDs. Using a large database of PhDs as a baseline for comparison, we find that women publish less in these venues than expected, resulting in an imbalance. Some archaeology programs have a larger presence in journal publishing than others, but this imbalance is not as pervasive as what has been observed in hiring practices. Archaeology journals exhibit healthier measures of diversity, compared to Science, in terms of the institutional affiliation of authors.
Evaluating environmental behaviour and commitment of pre-service primary science teachers
Authors: Abramovich Anat , Miedijensky Shirley
Published: June 2023

Education for Sustainability (EfS) is crucial for changes in environmental behaviour (EB), and little is known about the EB of primary school teachers tasked with teaching EfS. This study sought to better understand the EB of pre-service primary science teachers. EB was qualitatively evaluated, characterising teachers’ personal environmental activism and commitment to implement EfS among pupils and their families. Data was collected via two open questionnaires based on the Johari Window (JW) and the Authentic Inner Compass (AIC) models. Both questionnaires referred to EB twice: after exposure to the JW model and via statements from the AIC model, and again after 3 months. Findings show that the JW can reveal EB, while the AIC allowed participants to enrich their descriptions of their values, needs and commitment to EB. All participants agreed it was their duty to address EfS in class, but less than half mentioned this when describing actual behaviour. This study enables in-depth understanding of participants’ EB, including their actions, barriers and concerns, which might precede planning programmes on EfS implementation. As tomorrow educators, PSTs should be the focus of such programmes, which should be part of teacher education curricula.
Inquiring Attitudes and Erotetic Logic: Norms of Restriction and Expansion
Authors: WHITCOMB DENNIS , MILLSON JARED
Published: June 2023

A fascinating recent turn in epistemology focuses on inquiring attitudes like wondering and being curious. Many have argued that these attitudes are governed by norms similar to those that govern our doxastic attitudes. Yet, to date, this work has only considered norms that might prohibit having certain inquiring attitudes (“norms of restriction”), while ignoring those that might require having them (“norms of expansion”). We aim to address that omission by offering a framework that generates norms of expansion for inquiring attitudes. The framework draws on inferential erotetic logic, which we explain and augment with some theorems. We explore several of the norms that it yields—some sympathetically, others unsympathetically.
The gut microbiota-neuroimmune crosstalk and neuropathic pain: a scoping review
Authors: Nawarathna Gayani , Fakhruddin Kausar S. , Shorbagi Ali I. S. A. , Samaranayake Lakshman P.
Published: June 2023

Environmental stressors can disrupt the gut–brain relationship and alter the gut microbial composition, potentially leading to chronic pain, including neuropathic pain (NP). To understand this complex relationship, we conducted a systematic scoping review to examine the gut microbial-neuroimmune connection to NP and the potential therapeutic targets. The review includes English-language manuscripts in databases such as MEDLINE, Cochrane, and DOAJ between January 2000 and April 2022. Out of the 48 full texts examined, only 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. These included a randomised controlled trial involving 327 individuals, an in vitro, and 13 animal model studies. The findings suggest that the gut flora plays a role in the immunological, neurological, and metabolic signalling pathways associated with NP. Animal studies have been the primary focus in this area, indicating that an imbalanced-gut microbiome and subsequent activation of biochemical and neuro-immunologic pathways may influence the development of NP. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the gut microbiome-immune-NP axis and identifies potential therapeutic targets. However, since most of the evidence comes from animal studies, future research should include clinical trials to gain a better understanding of the role of gut microbiota in NP and discover new therapeutic strategies.
Perceptual Consequences of Portfolios: How Allocation Affects Left–Right Placement
Authors: Hjermitslev Ida B. , Krauss Svenja
Published: June 2023

Recent research suggests that party leaders can strategically impact the perceived left–right position of their parties by changing their selective emphasis on certain issues. We suggest that a party's ideological image can also be altered by the portfolio allocation of the coalition government in which the party participates. By controlling a portfolio, the party will have a more direct influence on the related issue and will frequently communicate the party's issue position publicly, thereby cultivating a perception of strong emphasis on the related issue. We run a cross-national party-level analysis showing that portfolio allocation matters with regard to the importance of the subdimensions for the general left–right dimension. In particular, the influence of sociocultural stances depends on the share of sociocultural portfolios. In addition, we show that the mechanism does not apply at the beginning of a government's tenure, but only after a year or longer in office.
I. “But Who Do YOU Say I Am?” (Mk 8:29a): Raymond Brown and New Testament Christology
Authors: Perkins Pheme
Published: June 2023

Fifty years ago, Raymond Brown had already established his position as one of the world's leading Catholic New Testament scholars. His magisterial two-volume commentary on John's gospel remains an invaluable reference for scholars. At a time when American Catholics were still “minor leaguers” in contrast to British, German, and French exegetes, biblical theologians, Fr. Brown along with Joseph A. Fitzmyer, SJ, and Roland E. Murphy, OCarm. had produced the Jerome Biblical Commentary (1968) to provide a solid foothold for students in the best of historical-critical research into the books of the Bible, their history, religion, and theological concepts. Like his coeditors, Brown remained convinced that careful historical-critical study was our surest way of understanding what the Bible's authors sought to communicate. Where that analysis unseated naïve or literalist dogmatic “proof-texting,” it requires a correction in theological argument but will not require rejection of the foundational dogmas of the church.
Challenges in defining surgical-site infections following hydrocephalus surgeries
Authors: Naureckas Li Caitlin , Bonebrake Amanda , Schroeder Sangeeta , Lam Sandi K. , Raskin Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2023

Multiple organizations track neurosurgical surgical-site infection (SSI) rates, but significant variation exists among reporting criteria. We report our center’s experience with the variation in cases captured by 2 major definitions. Standardization could support improvement activities and SSI reduction.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK TO STUDY TEAM COHESION IN HUMAN-ROBOT TEAMS
Authors: Sri Ramoji Sreeja , Singh Vishal
Published: June 2023

use-case scenarios, including homes, hospitals, workplaces, and recreation. Though the area of Social Robotics has gained traction in recent years, the majority of the studies so far have studied single-human and single-robot interaction. In comparison, Social Robots are increasingly being placed in human teams, likely affecting team dynamics. On the other hand, Engineering teams work together to deliver outstanding results and the processes in these teams are social. We propose that Social robot can be added to engineering human team to enhance team cohesion and performance. Therefore, this paper presents a preliminary framework towards developing a conceptual framework to study team cohesion in Human-Robot Teams (HRTs) in engineering context, looks at different roles of social robot and how the responses, behaviours, emotions of social robots shape outcomes in the engineering team. The research specifically focuses on team cohesion because team cohesion is reportedly one of the most critical concepts in team dynamics. The paper outlines the research objectives, framework and concept workflow.
DATA-PUSHED PROJECTS: THE ROLE OF ANOMALIES TO BUILD DESIGN PROCESSES FOR SUBSEQUENT EXPLORATION
Authors: Bordas Antoine , Le Masson Pascal , Weil Benoit
Published: June 2023

Data-pushed projects are common in companies and consist in the design of a model in order to deliver a desirable output. The design of data science models appears at the intersection of optimisation and creativity logic, with in both cases the presence of anomalies to a various extent but no clear design process.

This paper therefore proposes to study the possible design processes in data-pushed projects, highlighting distinct knowledge exploration logics and the role of anomalies in each. This research introduces a theoretical framework to study data-pushed projects and is based on design theory. Three case studies complete this theoretical work to examine each of the processes and test our hypothesis.

As a result, this paper derives three design processes adapted to data-pushed projects and put forward for each of them: 1) the various knowledge leveraged and generated and 2) the specific role of anomalies.
DERIVATION OF A METHOD DNA FOR THE UNIFIED DESCRIPTION OF METHODICAL PROCEDURES IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Reichelt Florian , Traub Dietmar , Maier Thomas
Published: June 2023

The number of publications on methods in product development is increasing constantly. In addition to scientific models, method guidelines exist in practice to support the selection of suitable methods. When looking more closely, it is noticeable that new methods are not new developments of methodical principles, but rather adaptations and summaries of known methods to specific application areas.Although approaches to standardize methods exist, they are usually formulated too abstractly to be useful to project managers as a support for method decision making.In our contribution, we analyse common methods of technical product development regarding similarities in content and time. In doing so, we were able to derive a method DNA on the basis of which all methods can be described and, above all, distinguished in a verifiable manner. In addition to essential activity blocks, the DNA also includes the description of temporal sequences, which in particular enables a differentiation between agile and classic methods. Ultimately, the method DNA not only offers the chance to make methodical work comprehensible, but also the possibility to select methods specifically for upcoming development steps arises through the classification option.
DESIGN FOR SAFE REUSE OF LABWARE: INVESTIGATING METHODS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE
Authors: Van Loon Joren , Du Bois Els
Published: June 2023

The problem of plastic waste in research laboratories is a significant one, with an estimated 5.5 million tonnes generated annually worldwide. Reusable labware has the potential to reduce this waste significantly, but the design of such products must take into account quality assurance to guarantee the accuracy of experiments. Insights were gathered through the generation of an overview of the available techniques for verifying labware after use and decontamination. As during different design cycles verification of prototypes is needed, these techniques were evaluated and translated to be applicable in the specific context of a design lab. Therefore, this study presents a protocol which can be used as a verification tool while designing safe, reusable labware for chemical laboratories. This protocol consists of four different steps: (i) visual inspection, (ii) mass & size comparison, (iii) leak test, and (iv) chemical stability test.
A DYNAMIC APPROACH FOR LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT. THE CASE OF DOMESTIC REFRIGERATORS
Authors: Cappelletti Federica , Rossi Marta , Germani Michele
Published: June 2023

The Life Cycle Assessment is a well-stated methodology whose application has recently spread over a multitude of sectors. Thus the need for very accurate and reliable analysis. The present work investigates how to achieve reliable and faithful results while still maintaining a micro-systemic approach and how to handle the evolution of the real cases through commercial solutions available. The works present an innovative dynamic approach that aims at filling the discrepancy between the attributional Life Cycle Assessment which is focused on the product at the point to appear short-sighted and isolated from the surrounding evolving system and the consequential, which is willing to include the consequences of the evolution of the surrounding system, with increased complexity. The approach is applied to the case of a domestic refrigerator; the application reveals a discrepancy of 16% between the results of the dynamic and attributional analysis and registered doubled environmental impacts than the consequential, carried out with the support of commercial datasets. The approach respects the 5 main criteria for methods in environmental systems analysis, namely feasibility, accuracy, easiness in communication, inspiration, robustness.
EEG-BASED COGNITIVE LOAD INDICATORS IN CAD MODELLING TASKS OF VARYING COMPLEXITY
Authors: Lukačević Fanika , Becattini Niccolò , Škec Stanko
Published: June 2023

As an initial step towards a better understanding of cognitive load in computer-aided design (CAD), the herein presented study investigated cognitive load imposed on 24 mechanical engineers during two CAD modelling tasks of intentionally different complexity levels. The cognitive load has been rarely studied in the CAD context, which resulted in the lack of understanding if and how the EEG-based indicators available from the literature reflect the changes in cognitive load imposed on engineering designers in CAD activities. Therefore, cognitive load was measured and analysed using three EEG-based indicators to explore insights that might be obtained from them. The initial analysis revealed different cognitive load results from the employed indicators for the same EEG data. In addition, the study implies that the cognitive load results obtained through the used indicators are only partially coherent with the CAD modelling task complexity. Hence, the results imply that the chosen EEG-based indicator matters when measuring and analysing cognitive load in CAD modelling tasks and that its adjustment for CAD context might be needed.
EFFECT OF INTERMEDIARY OBJECT USE DURING COLLABORATIVE DESIGN ACTIVITIES OF IMMERSIVE APPLICATIONS: FOCUS ON PROFESSIONAL TRAINING APPLICATION
Authors: Bisson Isaline , Mahdjoub Morad , Zare Mohsen , Goutaudier Frédéric , Ravier Franck , Sagot Jean-Claure
Published: June 2023

Industry 4.0 introduces innovative ways of professional training thanks to new technologies such as Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. Despite improvements, there's still a lack of a good user experience and connection between user needs and these applications. To tackle this problem, designers of such applications must work in a collaborative way integrating final users. It's specifically true during design phases such as scenario creation. But the co-creation of scenario is a difficult task for designers and final users who don't have enough expertise with IT. A solution seems to stand in intermediary objects (IOs) which are well known for their characteristics of mediation, transformation, and representation. We have studied the use of different IOs during a project consisting in designing an immersive professional training application for risk hunting for Stäubli company. We used an IO1 made of an excel sheet and an IO2 made of 360 views of the workshop. Two ideation sessions with two groups of designers were conducted to propose a scenario consisting of several risks to spot in the future application. Results show that the scenario was improved using the IO2, and final users and designers were more collaborative.
ELEMENTS OF A PRESCRIPTIVE AND ADAPTIVE PROSTHESIS DEVELOPMENT SERVICE FRAMEWORK
Authors: Patiniott Nicholas , Borg Jonathan C. , Francalanza Emmanuel , Zammit Joseph P. , Vella Pierre C. , Gatt Alfred , Paetzold Kristin
Published: June 2023

Amputees face a number of challenges when acquiring and using a prosthesis, with major issues being the cost of the device, the time it takes for their custom prosthesis to be developed and delivered, as well as the challenges they face to get it regularly serviced and maintained. The other stakeholders involved, including the prosthetists and standard systems manufacturers, have a difficulty to collectively handle so many issues that occur to the different amputees. To address these challenges, our research reported in this paper contributes an approach to how these can be handled, through a Prescriptive approach entitled Adaptive Prosthetic Life-Cycle Service System (adProLiSS) Framework. Unlike other product service systems, adProLiSS is designed to explicitly involve and serve the amputee and their evolving needs during different phases throughout the amputee's life. This impacts how a prosthetic device needs to be designed to ensure a smoother interaction between the amputee and the device. The adProLiSS preliminary evaluation shows an improvement by which amputees can be efficiently provided with a prosthesis that evolves with their changing needs and aspirations, this fostering a longer term 'patient-centred care' service.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ENGINEERING: SYSTEMIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EXPERTS AND NOVICES
Authors: Kirjavainen Senni , Celik Sine
Published: June 2023

Engineering knowledge forms an essential part of our planetary fight against climate change. Traditionally, engineering curricula emphasizes the importance of technical knowledge and encourages to specialize in niche areas, where engineers develop themselves into experts. However, it is important to be able to reflect on complex societal challenges from a variety of perspectives to produce not only innovative, but also long-lasting and inclusive solutions for the greater good. This paper aims to understand the extent of systems thinking abilities of engineers by differentiating experts from novices. The study traces sustainability connections made by professional engineers and master's level engineering students when solving engineering design problems. This qualitative study highlights seven recurring themes that relate to the global sustainability discourse and describe a problem-centred approach through a real-life case that focuses on paper and pulp production, through a thematic analysis of 59 responses. The results portray system-level differences in how novice and expert engineers approach sustainability questions and how these differences shape their solution spaces.
ENVIRONMENTAL LABELING OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (EEE) IN FRANCE: INFORMATION FOR CONSUMERS
Authors: Bertrand Axelle Noémie , Bauer Tom , Charbuillet Carole , Bonte Martin , Voyer Marie , Perry Nicolas
Published: June 2023

The current regulatory framework for Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) is changing and now requires manufacturers to disclose the environmental performance of their products. This means that manufacturers must perform a life cycle analysis (LCA) on their entire range of products. An LCA is a recognized and standardized methodology for assessing the environmental impact of activities. However, communicating this information to consumers is challenging because it can be complicated.

Despite this challenge, there is currently no common standard for communicating environmental information to consumers. The objective of this study is to explore the best practices for conveying environmental information. To achive this, a review of current environmental labeling approaches and recommendations available in the literature is conducted. Additionally, consumer requirements are collected and analyzed through a questionnaire that employs both quantitative and qualitative methods. The information collected is then used to develop the best practices for implementing environmental labeling for EEE.
EVALUATING REFLECTIVE BEHAVIOR IN ENGINEERING DESIGN RETROSPECTIVES: AN INITIAL CODING SCHEME
Authors: Ammersdörfer Theresa , Tartler Darien , Kauffeld Simone , Inkermann David
Published: June 2023

Considering transformation processes within organizations, reflection is an enabler for learning and adaption of engineering processes, methods, and tools. Moreover, reflection as a core element of agile engineering approaches. However, a sound understanding of reflection behaviors of engineers or engineering teams is lacking. In this paper we proposed a structured reflection procedure including different dimensions to reflect on. To analyse reflection behavior of engineers and engineering teams we propose a coding scheme comprising of nine behaviors. The coding scheme allows to evaluate the reflection behavior in real time and give feedbacks to improve the quality of reflection. The proposed coding scheme is initially tested within a workshop with industry partners.
EXAMINING THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN NEAR AND FAR DESIGN STIMULI
Authors: Kwon Elisa , Goucher-Lambert Kosa
Published: June 2023

External sources of inspiration can promote the discovery of new ideas as designers ideate on a design task. Data-driven techniques can increasingly enable the retrieval of inspirational stimuli based on nontext-based representations, beyond semantic features of stimuli. However, there is a lack of fundamental understanding regarding how humans evaluate similarity between non-semantic design stimuli (e.g., visual). Toward this aim, this work examines human-evaluated and computationally derived representations of visual and functional similarities of 3D-model parts. A study was conducted where participants (n=36) assessed triplet ratings of parts and categorized these parts into groups. Similarity is defined by distances within embedding spaces constructed using triplet ratings and deep-learning methods, representing human and computational representations. Distances between stimuli that are grouped together (or not) are determined to understand how various methods and criteria used to define non-text-based similarity align with perceptions of 'near' and 'far'. Distinct boundaries in computed distances separating stimuli that are 'too far' were observed, which include farther stimuli when modeling visual vs. functional attributes.
EXAMINING THE ROLE AND FUTURE POTENTIAL OF DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY METHODS TO SUPPORT CIRCULAR PRODUCT DESIGN
Authors: Formentini Giovanni , Ramanujan Devarajan
Published: June 2023

Design for disassembly (DfD) approaches are crucial in supporting the industrial circular economy transition. In literature, a great amount of DfD methodologies is available, however, it is still not clear how they can be used to improve product circularity. To address this gap, our work proposed a systematic literature review of DfD methodologies applied in the field of product design with the aim to provide an overview of the topic in the last decade (i.e., from 2012 to 2022) in terms of methods applicability (i.e., design phase), required parameters and integration capability with circularity assessment. As a result, the paper shows that DfD methods are mainly used in the later design phase to improve product sustainability performances, but a method that simultaneously considers DfD and CE is currently missing. Based on the obtained results, we outlined the requirements that a new DfX method would need to consider both DfD and CE simultaneously. Finally, we proposed a modified version of the butterfly diagram in which DfD parameters are linked to CE indicators to help visualize the connection between the two areas.
EXPLOITING THE SUSTAINABILITY POTENTIAL OF MODULAR PRODUCTS BY INTEGRATING R-IMPERATIVES INTO PRODUCT LIFE PHASES
Authors: Breimann Richard , Rennpferdt Christoph , Wehrend Sven , Kirchner Eckhard , Krause Dieter
Published: June 2023

Climate change and the growing consumption of natural resources has made it increasingly clear that engineering must focus on the development of more sustainable products. To do so, the methodologies for developing products need to address sustainability. However, many of the frequently used methodologies, such as Modular Function Deployment (MFD) or the Life Phases Modularisation (LPM), do not do that sufficiently. The product life phases, these methodologies are based, only address sustainability in the form of recycling. That is why a broader approach to sustainability, such as the R-imperatives, is not considered. Therefore, in this contribution, the model of product life phases is extended by integrating the R-imperatives. Furthermore, the module drivers resulting from the extended product life phases that are necessary to apply the MFD and the LPM are developed. Finally, the positive impact of the developed module drivers on the product architecture is shown by applying the resulting method onto an industrial example.
FEATURE-BASED METHOD TO FORMALISE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING RELATED DATA AT THE MESOSCALE BASED ON A MEREOTOPOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION
Authors: Douin Chloe , Gruhier Elise , Kromer Robin , Christmann Olivier , Perry Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Research on additive manufacturing has highlighted methods and guidelines to optimise the design process and improving finished product quality. There is still room for improvement in making AM as reliable as more traditional processes when considering industrial use. In terms of manufacturing, managing print parameters properly can improve reproducibility and repeatability of a part, in addition to its fidelity to the basic geometric model. However, a topological optimised geometry requires more than good parameterisation. Efforts are therefore being made to formalise knowledge so that it is explicit and accessible to designers. This paper proposes an approach based on the spatio-temporal evolution of a geometry during printing to quantify data at the meso scale. Previous studies have been conducted on the description of features in time, space and space-time, and on the influence of their arrangement within a part. Building on this work, a parameterised test specimen was designed to measure the quantitative impact of these arrangements on the final product. The method is then presented and illustrated through a case study to help the designer with quantitative predictive values of geometric parameters.
A FRAMEWORK MODEL FOR FACILITATING DO-IT-YOURSELF DESIGN
Authors: Hoftijzer JanWillem , Keyson David
Published: June 2023

Today's global context of mass-produced items has resulted in an increasing ‘distance’, or alienation, between people and the origins of the items they buy and use: an unhealthy human-product relationship.

This observation permits the search for an alternative interpretation of well-being: a transformation that would support resilience and self sufficiency, and a better human product relationship or ‘a new partnership’, as advocated by various scholars.

In this paper, this new partnership is considered through supporting ‘Do-It-Yourself’ (DIY) product design: a scenario in which professional designers facilitate laypersons to design for themselves. Anticipating (1) the designer's responsibility, and (2) the layperson's innate desire to create, this paper introduces a ‘Design for DIY’ framework method to help bridge the knowledge gap between the product designer and the layperson.

The initial starting points of this study, complemented by a range of ‘Design for DIY’ studies, and an exploration of existing design frameworks and design models, resulted in the design of a ‘Design-for-DIY’ framework. This paper concludes with recommendations for the testing and further development of the Design-for-DIY framework.
FOCUS AND MODALITY: DEFINING A ROADMAP TO FUTURE AI-HUMAN TEAMING IN DESIGN
Authors: McComb Christopher , Boatwright Peter , Cagan Jonathan
Published: June 2023

The evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) enables new ways to envision how computer tools will aid, work with, and even guide human teams. This paper explores this new paradigm of design by considering emerging variations of AI-Human collaboration: AI used as a design tool versus AI employed as a guide to human problem solvers, and AI agents which only react to their human counterparts versus AI agents which proactively identify and address needs. The different combinations can be mapped onto a 2×2 AI-Human Teaming Matrix which isolates and highlights these different AI capabilities in teaming. The paper introduces the matrix and its quadrants, illustrating these different AI agents and their application and impact, and then provides a road map to researching and developing effective AI team collaborators.
FRAMEWORK FOR COMPARISON OF PRODUCT CARBON FOOTPRINTS OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURING SCENARIOS
Authors: Winter Sven , Quernheim Niklas , Arnemann Lars , Anderl Reiner , Schleich Benjamin
Published: June 2023

The Product Carbon Footprint (PCF) has been established over the last few years as a new control variable in product design to quantify the sustainable impact of a product. However, the calculation of the PCF is subject to numerous uncertainties and assumptions, which are no longer represented in the stand-alone value. The uncertainties and assumptions arise at different stages of the calculation of the PCF and consequently create a multidimensional problem, which means that the PCF does not provide a trustworthy basis for comparing different production scenarios. To face this multidimensional issue, in this paper, a methodology for categorization of the different issues and, therefore, of the final PCF is presented. Through this methodology, which is divided into five levels mainly based on the origin, the quality, and the uncertainty of the data, an assessment can be made as to whether the values of the PCFs are comparable in different scenarios. The methodology can therefore help to improve decisions in product development with regard to environmental sustainability.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IN PHYSICAL AND VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) ENVIRONMENTS – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Steinhauser Niklas , Zimmerer Christoph , Grauberger Patric , Nelius Thomas , Matthiesen Sven
Published: June 2023

Product development is time-consuming and cost-intensive. Part of the costs can be attributed to physical tests. Therefore, new methods are being researched to save resources. One upcoming area that becomes important for the industry is Virtual Reality (VR) technology.

In the state of research studies have already compared VR with methods such as CAD visualizations. However, there is a need for research regarding the comparison to physical models.

Therefore, a comparative study between a physical system and a VR system is evaluated in terms of functional analysis. The study task was to analyze the mechanism of a lawn sprinkler. For evaluation, a function explanation in a final interview was used.

Although more different representations were possible with VR, there was no general improvement. This could be because movements were more difficult to visualize and recognize. The VR application is very suitable if you mainly have to look at systems that are difficult to view in reality. For example, some physical systems may be challenging to see in operation or may not allow a physical cut, so VR can be a solution. The advantages of physical systems can be in using other impressions, such as a feeling of certain forces.
GEOMETRIC MODELLING OF HETEROGENEOUS LATTICE STRUCTURES THROUGH FUNCTION REPRESENTATION WITH LATTICEQUERY
Authors: Letov Nikita , Zhao Yaoyao Fiona
Published: June 2023

Lattice structures are lightweight and possess other unique mechanical and physical properties. Additive manufacturing techniques are often used to produce these structures. Additive manufacturing provides manufacturing freedom that significantly surpasses the one provided by conventional subtractive manufacturing. However, a gap exists between the manufacturing freedom and the geometric modelling freedom in additive manufacturing: it can be extremely challenging to model the designed part because of its high geometric complexity, such as heterogeneous lattice structures. While several tools on the market allow geometric modelling of such structures available on the market, the customization of lattice parameters can still be significantly improved. Moreover, no open-source tools exist to address this issue or to model lattice structures in general. This work presents a novel open-source library for the geometric modelling of lattice structures with customized parameters. The parameter customization is enabled with the function representation approach.
IDENTIFICATION OF PERCEIVED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN ECODESIGN PROJECTS: THE CASE OF RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Authors: Mansour Salamé Joseph , Leroy Yann , Saidani Michael , Nicolaï Isabelle
Published: June 2023

Sharing information between stakeholders is a critical success factor for ecodesign projects. This sharing is based on indicators that can be interrelated, i.e., impacting each other.

This article focuses on the perception of environmental performance indicators’ relationships during the design phase of projects. It uses a DEMATEL approach combined with a graph-database visualization linking environmental performance indicators. While the DEMATEL approach highlights the critical environmental indicators, the graph-based visualization maps the primary interrelations of these factors and defines the best scale to manage them. The novelty here lies in the complementary use of these two methods to facilitate environmental project monitoring.

This research is applied to rail infrastructure projects. The main results insist on land optimization, landscape insertion, carbon footprint, economic benefits, and biodiversity measures as critical factors when designing these projects. The graph-based visualization maps the main oriented links between indicators, allowing managers to identify the gaps between the perceived knowledge and the ground truth, facilitating their project monitoring.
IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE TRANSFERS AT PROTEKTORWERK FLORENZ MAISCH GMBH & CO. KG THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF THE INKTI – INTERDEPARTMENTAL KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IMPROVEMENT METHOD
Authors: Klippert Monika , Schäfer Luisa , Böllhoff Jörg , Willerscheid Heiner , Rapp Simon , Albers Albert
Published: June 2023

In the development and production of new products, interdepartmental knowledge transfer is essential. Successful knowledge transfer faces several challenges, such as a lack of willingness to transfer knowledge or an inappropriate selection of tools. These can lead to the reduction of efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge transfers. Therefore, the InKTI – Interdepartmental Knowledge Transfer Improvement Method is developed to support the improvement (in terms of speed and quality) of knowledge transfers, particularly in product and production engineering.

This paper presents the first validation of the InKTI Method through a field study at the company Protektorwerk Florenz Maisch GmbH & Co. KG, which is a leading European company in the construction industry, to support the successful knowledge transfer into practice. Therefore, the research need is pointed out, and a concept for validation is developed and implemented. Afterward, the InKTI Method is evaluated based on its success, support as well as applicability.