bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum caffeine concentrations in preterm infants: a retrospective study
Authors: Sugino Masashiro , Kuboi Toru , Noguchi Yuta , Nishioka Katsufumi , Tadatomo Yoko , Kawaguchi Nana , Sadamura Takaaki , Nakano Akiko , Konishi Yukihiko , Koyano Kosuke , Nakamura Shinji , Okada Hitoshi , Itoh Susumu , Kusaka Takashi
Published: June 2023

Therapeutic drug monitoring is generally unnecessary in caffeine treatment for apnea of prematurity, as serum caffeine concentrations in preterm infants are normally markedly lower than those at which caffeine intoxication occurs. However, several studies have reported preterm infants having developed toxicity. This retrospective observational study, conducted at a tertiary center in Kagawa, Japan, aimed to evaluate the correlation between the maintenance dose and serum caffeine concentrations and determine the maintenance dose leading to suggested toxic caffeine levels. We included 24 preterm infants (gestational age, 27 ± 2.9 weeks; body weight, 991 ± 297 g) who were treated with caffeine citrate for apnea of prematurity between 2018 and 2021, and 272 samples were analyzed. Our primary outcome measure was the maintenance dose leading to suggested toxic caffeine levels. We found a positive correlation between caffeine dose and serum caffeine concentrations (p < 0.05, r = 0.72). At doses of ≥ 8 mg/kg/day, 15% (16/109) of patients had serum caffeine concentrations above the suggested toxic levels. Patients who receive doses ≥ 8 mg/kg/day risk reaching the suggested toxic serum caffeine levels. It remains unclear whether suggested toxic caffeine concentrations are detrimental to neurological prognosis. Further investigation is required to understand the clinical effects/outcomes of high serum levels of caffeine and to obtain long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up data.
Fabrication Methods for Bioactive Delivery Systems
Authors: Zhou Hualu , McClements David Julian , Chen Long
Published: June 2023

Three commonly used fabrication methods for creating colloidal delivery systems for bioactive agents are discussed in this chapter: high-energy mechanical, low-energy physicochemical, and microencapsulation methods. High-energy methods utilize mechanical forces to break down bulk materials or small particles into colloidal particles (such as grinding or homogenization). Low-energy methods are based on spontaneous physicochemical processes that cause molecular species to assemble into colloidal particles. Microencapsulation methods convert fluids into a powdered form that contains bioactive-loaded solid particles. The principles behind each of these fabrication methods are discussed and their potential applications for the encapsulation of lipophilic nutraceuticals are highlighted.
Characterization Methods
Authors: Caballero Sarah , Cuevas-Bernardino Juan Carlos , Davidov-Pardo Gabriel
Published: June 2023

Lipid-based delivery systems for the encapsulation and delivery of lipophilic bioactive compounds are subject to physical and chemical destabilization which could lead to poor visual appearance, loss of the encapsulated compound through crystallization or chemical degradation, and/or poor absorption of the bioactive compound in the human gut. Delivery systems should be well-developed to avoid these pitfalls while having desired physical and biochemical characteristics. This chapter introduces several characterization techniques to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of lipid-based delivery systems for intended applications.
Pickering Emulsions
Authors: Wang Han , Huan Siqi , Li Zhiguo , Liu Yang , Si Chuanling , McClements David Julian , Rojas Orlando J. , Liu Shouxin , Bai Long
Published: June 2023

Emulsion technology has been used for decades in the food industry to create a diverse range of products. Recently, however, innovations in emulsion science and technology have led to the development of new approaches to improving food quality and functionality. This chapter provides an overview of an advanced emulsion technology, i.e. Pickering emulsions, that has garnered a great deal of interest from researchers in recent years. Pickering emulsions are stabilized by colloidal particles, which may be synthetic or natural, rather than conventional molecular emulsifiers. The stabilization mechanisms involved are fundamentally different to those of conventional emulsifiers, which leads to novel properties in Pickering emulsions, such as strong resistance to coalescence. Much of the early research on Pickering emulsions used inorganic solid particles as stabilizers, but recently there has been a growing focus on the use of organic particles, which are more label friendly. This chapter also discusses the latest advances in the application of Pickering emulsions in the food industry, including their potential benefits and limitations, as well as future research trends.
Nanostructured Protein-based Systems
Authors: Chen Shuai , Han Yahong , Wang Suqing , Luo Yangchao
Published: June 2023

Protein is a widely available resource in nature that plays important roles in foods. Many proteins can be used to fabricate nanoscale carriers for delivery of bioactive ingredients. This chapter reviewed nanostructured protein-based delivery systems from their microscopic molecular physicochemical principles to macroscopic structural and functional attributes. The structural, physical and chemical properties of protein-based delivery systems were presented in detail, such as molecular conformation, polarity, size, shape, electric charge, water dispersibility, colloidal stability, and so on. Their preparation techniques, including anti-solvent precipitation, pH-driven, electrospray, and gelation methods, to encapsulate bioactive compounds into protein-based nanostructures, were comprehensively reviewed and summarized. Various modifications based on physical, chemical, and enzymatic approaches to improve the physicochemical properties and functional performance of these nano-delivery systems were also discussed. Plant, animal and microbial proteins that have been widely used in nano-delivery systems were classified and described. Finally, the pros and cons and applicable range of nanostructured protein-based delivery systems were discussed and forecasted.
Next-generation Bioactive Delivery Systems
Authors: McClements David Julian
Published: June 2023

As has been shown in the rest of this book, the development of bioactive delivery systems is rapidly evolving. Researchers are developing a broad range of different kinds of delivery systems from food ingredients. They are utilizing experimental, theoretical, and computational approaches to provide insights into the formation and performance of these delivery systems, as well as to produce new or improved functionalities. This final chapter provides an overview of some of the potential future areas of research and development in bioactive delivery systems, such as enhancing food production, increasing the sustainability of the food supply, improving human health and wellbeing, reducing waste, and producing high quality products. In particular, the creation of next-generation bioactive delivery systems is discussed, such as mixed, clustered, embedded, and environmental responsive systems.
Vanillin prevents the growth of endometriotic lesions through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways in a mouse model
Authors: Liu Ying-Nan , Kang Jin-Wen , Zhang Yu , Song Shan-Shan , Xu Qi-Xin , Zhang Han , Lu Lei , Wei Shu-Wen , Liang Chen , Su Ren-Wei
Published: June 2023

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory gynecological disease defined by the presence of endometrial glands and mesenchyme outside the uterine cavity, named ectopic endometrium.
Plant-based dietary patterns and lung cancer mortality: a perspective cohort study
Authors: Wang Qian , Cui Qi , Gao Jin-Ping , Zhao Yu-Hong
Published: June 2023

Plant-based diets are recommended for lung cancer surviviors, and adherence to a diet with high hPDI score may reduce lung cancer mortality.
Correction: Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Garcinia xanthochymus fruits exhibit antitumor effects through inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Jing , Jin Shan , Gan Fei , Xiong Hui , Mei Zhinan , Chen Yu , Yang Guangzhong
Published: June 2023

Correction for ‘Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Garcinia xanthochymus fruits exhibit antitumor effects through inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway’ by Jing Xu et al., Food Funct., 2020, 11, 10568–10579, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FO02535F.
Origin of p-type conductivity in a WSe2 monolayer
Authors: Zhang Yu-Zhou , Zhu Guo-Jun , Yang Ji-Hui
Published: June 2023

Oxygen substitutions can enhance the formation of VW and reduce its acceptor ionization energies. The resultant defect complex nOSe + VW is very likely to be the origin of the widely observed p-type conductivity.
Ru(ii) catalyzed chelation assisted C(sp2)–H bond functionalization along with concomitant (4 + 2) annulation
Authors: Sarkar Anindita , Saha Moumita , Das Asish R.
Published: June 2023

Ru(ii)-assisted C(sp2)–H functionalization along with (4 + 2) annulation leads to coumarin-fused pyridone, highly decorated N-heteroarenes and pyridine-N-oxides; the protocol also induces double C–H activation to the benzimidazole–coumarin conjugates.
Deploying solid-phase synthesis to access thymine-containing nucleoside analogs that inhibit DNA repair nuclease SNM1A
Authors: Arbour Christine A. , Fay Ellen M. , McGouran Joanna F. , Imperiali Barbara
Published: June 2023

Generating a library of thymine-containing nucleoside inhibitors of a DNA repair nuclease enzyme through a divergent solid-phase synthetic approach.
Preferential dissolution behaviour of the austenite phase in Fe–27Cr–xC high chromium cast iron
Authors: Lee Jun-Seob , Lee Jun-Hyeong , Rho Seo-Young , Lee Yoon-Hwa , Lee Ye-Jin , Oh Jun-Seok , Lee Je-Hyun
Published: June 2023

Preferential dissolution behaviour of the austenite (γ) phase in Fe–27Cr–xC high chromium cast irons (HCCIs) immersed in 0.1 mol dm−3 H2SO4 + 0.05 mol dm−3 HCl was investigated.
Boosting oxygen evolution reaction performance via metal defect-induced lattice oxygen redox reactions on spinel oxides
Authors: Zheng Jingxuan , Sun Rui , Meng DaPeng , Guo Junxin , Wang Zhao
Published: June 2023

LOM catalysts were created by controlling the production of metal defects, resulting in highly efficient OER. The induction of metal defects caused electron delocalization and redistributed electron density between the metal and ligand.
Self-standing TiC-modified carbon fibre electrodes derived from cellulose and their use as an ultrahigh efficiency lithium metal anode
Authors: Wang Junren , Zhong Huimian , Liu Bowen , Zhang Min , Hector Andrew L. , Russell Andrea E.
Published: June 2023

A self-standing three-dimensional TiC-modified carbon fibre (TiC@C) network has been fabricated by carbothermal reduction and demonstrated to be effective as a host for a dendrite-free metallic lithium anode.
Interfacial adsorption study of Nitrogen based inhibitors in silane nanocontainers as anticorrosive and self-healing material for steel in strong acid solution.
Authors: M.S. Darris , Shibli S. M. A.
Published: June 2023

Nitrogen based organic compound is very useful in coordination chemistry due to their interesting networking ability. This paper describes the preparation and characterization of different nitrogen based corrosion inhibitors loaded...
Phytantriol phase behaviour in choline chloride urea and water mixtures
Authors: Bryant Saffron J. , Elbourne Aaron , Greaves Tamar L. , Bryant Gary
Published: June 2023

Phytantriol forms a Pn3m cubic phase in both water and neat choline chloride:urea. However, mixtures of the DES with water result in phytantriol forming an inverse hexagonal phase and influenced phase transition temperatures.
Zwitterionic nanocapsule-based wound dressing with the function of gradient release of multi-drugs for efficient wound healing
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Xia Kaishun , Li Yuting , Mao Shihua , Gu Yucong , Si Mengjie , Wang Shuaibing , Du Guangyan , Xu Yisheng , Zhang Dong , Zheng Si Yu , Yang Jintao
Published: June 2023

Thermoresponsive zwitterionic nanocapsules (ZNs) sandwiched between two double-layered fabrics were developed to regulate the multiple drug release pathway.
Nanostructured liquid-crystalline polymer films for ionic actuators: self-assembly of photopolymerizable ionic itaconate with an ionic liquid
Authors: Wu Che-Hao , Yoshio Masafumi
Published: June 2023

The development of nanostructured polymers that create organized ion-transport pathways represents a promising approach for achieving efficient electrochemical conversion. A fascinating actuator was obtained from a polymer based on layered itaconate.
A liquid metal-based process for tuning the thermoelectric properties of bismuth indium systems
Authors: Widjajana Moonika Sari , Chiu Shih-Hao , Chi Yuan , Baharfar Mahroo , Zheng Jiewei , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Bhattacharyya Saroj Kumar , Tang Jianbo , Rahim Md. Arifur , Kalantar-Zadeh Kourosh
Published: June 2023

A novel liquid metal-based micro structuring tuning process for improving the thermoelectric properties of metal alloys.
Bacterial transformation of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances: a review for the field of bioremediation
Authors: LaFond Jessica A. , Hatzinger Paul B. , Guelfo Jennifer L. , Millerick Kayleigh , Jackson W. Andrew
Published: June 2023

Biotransformation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has received growing attention as more research becomes available indicating that bioremediation may have a future role to play in addressing PFAS contamination.
Sparse representation scheme with enhanced medium pixel intensity for face recognition
Authors: Zhang Xuexue , Zhang Yongjun , Wang Zewei , Long Wei , Gao Weihao , Zhang Bob
Published: June 2023

Sparse representation is an effective data classification algorithm that depends on the known training samples to categorise the test sample. It has been widely used in various image classification tasks. Sparseness in sparse representation means that only a few of instances selected from all training samples can effectively convey the essential class‐specific information of the test sample, which is very important for classification. For deformable images such as human faces, pixels at the same location of different images of the same subject usually have different intensities. Therefore, extracting features and correctly classifying such deformable objects is very hard. Moreover, the lighting, attitude and occlusion cause more difficulty. Considering the problems and challenges listed above, a novel image representation and classification algorithm is proposed. First, the authors’ algorithm generates virtual samples by a non‐linear variation method. This method can effectively extract the low‐frequency information of space‐domain features of the original image, which is very useful for representing deformable objects. The combination of the original and virtual samples is more beneficial to improve the classification performance and robustness of the algorithm. Thereby, the authors’ algorithm calculates the expression coefficients of the original and virtual samples separately using the sparse representation principle and obtains the final score by a designed efficient score fusion scheme. The weighting coefficients in the score fusion scheme are set entirely automatically. Finally, the algorithm classifies the samples based on the final scores. The experimental results show that our method performs better classification than conventional sparse representation algorithms.
An H I story of galaxies in Abell 2626 and beyond
Authors: Deb T. , Verheijen M. A. W. , van der Hulst J. M.
Published: June 2023

Context. To study the effects of environment on galaxies, we use H I observations of galaxies in and around the cluster Abell 2626 (A2626). The cluster can effectively be divided into three different environments: the cluster itself, a group environment in the periphery of the cluster (we call it the Swarm), and substructure in the cluster itself. We use these to study the dependence of the galaxy properties on environment.

Aims. We have explored the relation between H I deficiency, H I morphology, and star formation deficiency for the galaxies in and around the A2626 galaxy cluster to investigate the environmental effects on these properties.

Methods. To quantify the asymmetries of the outer H I disc of a galaxy, we used 1) three visual classes based on the outermost reliable H I contour (settled, disturbed, and unsettled H I discs), 2) the offset between the H I centre and the optical centre of a galaxy, and 3) the modified asymmetry parameter Amod as defined previously.

Results. The H I deficiency of a galaxy is strongly correlated with the projected distance from the centre of A2626. Furthermore, substructure galaxies tend to be more asymmetric than the isolated galaxies in A2626, probably because tidal interactions are more efficient within the substructures than outside the substructures. Moreover, asymmetric, offset, and smaller H I discs are not necessarily the result of the cluster environment because they are also observed in substructures in A2626 and in the Swarm. This signifies that a pre-processing of the H I discs of galaxies in groups or substructures plays an important role, together with the processing in the cluster environment. Finally, the star formation rates for the galaxies in all three environments are slightly lower than the typical star formation rate for normal galaxies, as manifested by their offset from the star formation main sequence. This implies effective gas removal mechanisms in all three environments.
Spectroscopy of the supernova H0pe host galaxy at redshift 1.78
Authors: Polletta M. , Nonino M. , Frye B. , Gargiulo A. , Bisogni S. , Garuda N. , Thompson D. , Lehnert M. , Pascale M. , Willner S. P. , Kamieneski P. , Leimbach R. , Cheng C. , Coe D. , Cohen S. H. , Conselice C. J. , Dai L. , Diego J. , Dole H. , Driver S. P. , D’Silva J. C. J. , Fontana A. , Foo N. , Furtak L. J. , Grogin N. A. , Harrington K. , Hathi N. P. , Jansen R. A. , Kelly P. , Koekemoer A. M. , Mancini C. , Marshall M. A. , Pierel J. D. R. , Pirzkal N. , Robotham A. , Rutkowski M. J. , Ryan R. E. , Snigula J. M. , Summers J. , Tompkins S. , Willmer C. N. A. , Windhorst R. A. , Yan H. , Yun M. S. , Zitrin A.
Published: June 2023

Supernova (SN) H0pe was discovered as a new transient inJames WebbSpace Telescope (JWST) NIRCam images of the galaxy clusterPLCK G165.7+67.0taken as part of the Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science (PEARLS) JWST GTO program (ID 1176) on 2023 March 30. The transient is a compact source associated with a background galaxy that is stretched and triply imaged by the strong gravitational lensing of the cluster. This paper reports spectra in the 950–1370 nm observer frame of two of the galaxy images obtained with Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) Utility Camera in the Infrared (LUCI) in long-slit mode two weeks after the JWST observations. The individual and average spectra show the [O II]λλ3727,3730 doublet and the Balmer and 4000 Å breaks at redshiftz = 1.783 ± 0.002. The code investigating galaxy emission (CIGALE) best-fit model of the spectral energy distribution indicates that the host galaxy of SN H0pe is massive (Mstar ≃ 6 × 1010 M⊙after correcting for a magnification factorμ ∼ 7) with a predominantly intermediate-age (∼2 Gyr) stellar population, moderate extinction, and a magnification-corrected star formation rate ≃13M⊙yr−1, consistent with being below the main sequence of star formation. These properties suggest that H0pe might be a type Ia SN. Additional observations of SN H0pe and its host recently carried out with JWST (JWST-DD-4446; PI: B. Frye) will be able to both determine the SN classification and confirm its association with the galaxy analyzed in this work.
Proposal of a simplified methodology for reverberation time prediction in standard medium size rooms with non-uniformly distributed sound absorption
Authors: Mateus Diogo , Pereira Andreia
Published: June 2023

Sabine, Eyring and Millington formulas are commonly used for reverberation time prediction, mainly, as a calculation tool in building acoustics design. These classical theories are valid only for rooms with diffuse sound fields, in which the energy density is constant throughout the enclosure, an acoustic condition that is achieved only when using surfaces with low sound absorption. Despite these limitations, Sabine’s formula is still the most widely used in the prediction of the reverberation time, when spaces such as classrooms or offices are addressed. However, for these rooms, after the construction works are completed, it is quite often verified that the implemented sound-absorbent surface area is manifestly insufficient to fulfill the reverberation time requirement. In this technical note a simplified approach for reverberation time prediction, based on the use of Sabine’s formula, is proposed, that can be useful in acoustic design of classrooms or offices, due to its simplicity. A previous correction to the sound absorption coefficient of the lining materials declared by the manufacturer is here proposed, making use of an empirical correction that was achieved fromin situexperimental results and through geometrical room acoustic modelling. The empirical correction can be employed for room conditions where diffuse sound field is not met, composed of small or medium volumes (volume below 300 m3), with regular geometry, approaching parallelepipedal shapes, where the average height is below 4.0 m.
Research Status and Optimization Methods of Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Shurui
Published: June 2023

Up against the energy shortage and aggravating environmental pollution, it is extremely urgent to develop renewable clean energy. With efficient energy storage and energy conversion, electrochemical energy storage is the key direction for the development of energy storage technology in the future. Besides, aqueous zinc ion battery has attracted researchers because of its low cost and high theoretical specific capacity. Cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries are roughly divided into manganese-based compounds, vanadium-based compounds, Prussian blue analogues, etc, which usually use zinc metal as an anode. Electrolytes include solid hydrogel electrolytes and liquid ion electrolytes. However, some problems exist in cathode materials, such as elements dissolution and low discharge voltage, while anode materials have problems in zinc dendrite growth and side reactions, and water decomposition occurs in electrolytes. In recent years, researchers have devoted themselves to optimizing aqueous zinc ion batteries in different ways, so as to obtain their high performance. In this paper, the general situation of zinc ion battery is introduced at first, and then the research status is emphatically expounded from the perspectives of problems existing in cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, and their optimization methods, which provides references for developing high-performance aqueous zinc ion battery.
Réintroduire une espèce oubliée sur un territoire délaissé du public : le cas de la cistude d’Europe en Alsace (nord-est de la France)
Authors: Philippot Véronique , Georges Jean-Yves
Published: June 2023

En 2013, la réintroduction de la cistude d’EuropeEmys orbicularisen Alsace a débuté sur le site restauré du Woerr (Lauterbourg). Des enquêtes ethnographiques et des sondages de rue menés en 2017 auprès de 143 informateurs montrent que cette tortue d’eau douce est méconnue localement et que la décision de son retour repose essentiellement sur une idéologie naturaliste confidentielle et sur l’image sympathique véhiculée par la tortue en général. La polémique sur l’indigénat de l’espèce cistude révèle des débats plus profonds. Le choix du site, peu fréquenté, est surtout lié à ses atouts écologiques et à une opportunité administrative. Les relations entre les riverains et ce territoire, emprunts de malaise et de crainte, freinent l’appropriation des actions. Cependant, le devenir du Woerr satisfait beaucoup d’informateurs, autant pour l’aventure humaine que pour la perspective naturaliste.
Der Deutsche Diabetes Risiko Test
Authors: Schiborn Catarina , Schulze Matthias B.
Published: June 2023

Der überwiegende Anteil von Erkrankungen an Typ-2-Diabetes (T2DM) ist potenziell über Verhaltensänderung vermeidbar. Die gesetzlichen Krankenkassen können entsprechende Leistungen zur individuellen verhaltensbezogenen Primärprävention für Versicherte erbringen. Besonders profitieren davon Personen mit einem erhöhten T2DM-Risiko. Laut Praxisleitlinie der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft sollte eine Einschätzung zum Erkrankungsrisiko anhand von Risikofaktoren oder Risikoscores erfolgen. Um die Anwendung der statistischen Vorhersagemodelle für T2DM und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen (HKE) in der Praxis zu ermöglichen, gibt es vereinfachte Fragebögen, die anhand eines einfachen Auswertungsschemas eine Risikoeinschätzung ohne die Notwendigkeit digitaler Geräte ermöglicht. Neben den Fragebögen wurde auch ein interaktives Online-Tool zur Risikoberechnung entwickelt. Das Tool ermöglicht inzwischen die Berechnung des 10-Jahres-Risikos für T2DM und HKE. Neben dem Ausstellen einer Präventionsempfehlung, welche die Inanspruchnahme von Präventionsangeboten der Krankenkassen fördert, sollen Ärzt*innen zudem eine Beratung zu Möglichkeiten der Risikoreduktion durchführen. Die DIfE-Risikoscores bieten hier die Möglichkeit, den Einfluss wichtiger verhaltensbezogener Faktoren auf das Risiko zu bewerten und geben entsprechend direkt Anhaltspunkte zur Verhaltensmodifikation.
Relapsing Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Production
Responding to Tolvaptan Treatment in a Patient With a Micronodular Formation of
the Posterior Pituitary Gland
Authors: Reinke Lennart M. , Seoudy Anna Katharina , Gärtner Friedericke , Rohmann Nathalie , Schulte Dominik M. , Schreiber Stefan , Jansen Olav , Laudes Matthias
Published: June 2023

The syndrome of inappropriate ADH-secretion (SIADH) is a common cause of low
sodium levels with diverse aetiology. Here, we report a case of a 41 years old
male patient diagnosed with SIADH and a good response to Tolvaptan therapy. Of
interest, as a potential unique cause, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a
micronodular structure in the posterior pituitary, while no other common cause
of SIADH could be identified. Hence, to the best of our knowledge, this is the
first case of a Tolvaptan-responsive SIADH associated with a pituitary
micronodular structure.
Typ-1-Diabetes: Screening, Prävention und neue Therapien
Authors: Kick Kerstin , Teichgräber Franka Josefine , Achenbach Peter
Published: June 2023

Typ-1-Diabetes entsteht durch eine immunvermittelte Zerstörung der Betazellen in den Langerhans-Inseln der Bauchspeicheldrüse. Dieser Autoimmunprozess führt zu einer chronischen Stoffwechselerkrankung mit lebenslangem absolutem Insulinmangel. Der Fokus der Behandlung liegt aktuell auf der Korrektur der Hyperglykämie mittels Insulintherapie. Zudem hat das Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Immunpathogenese der Erkrankung die Entwicklung von neuen präventiven und therapeutischen Ansätzen vorangetrieben. Diese zielen darauf ab, das Entstehen bzw. die Progression des Autoimmunprozesses zu verhindern oder zu verzögern, um Betazellfunktion zu erhalten. In den USA wurde im November 2022 erstmals ein Immuntherapeutikum, der anti-CD3-Antikörper Teplizumab, zur Anwendung vor klinischer Manifestation der Stoffwechselerkrankung zugelassen – ein Meilenstein in der Therapie des Typ-1-Diabetes.
The Quality of Life after Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis in 118 Lower Limb Lymphedema Patients
Authors: Kwon Jin Geun , Kim Yeongsong , Jang Min Young , Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Pak Changsik John , Keeley Vaughan , Jeon Jae Yong , Hong Joon Pio
Published: June 2023

Background This is a prospective study on 118 patients who underwent lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) due to secondary lower limb lymphedema between January 2018 and October 2020 to evaluate patients' quality of life (QOL) using the Quality of Life Measure for Limb Lymphedema (LYMQoL) questionnaire.

Methods The outcome measurement included the LYMQoL leg scoring system tool evaluating the function, appearance, symptom, mood, and overall outcome. In addition, correlation analysis was performed for three factors: based on International Society of Lymphology (ISL) stages, disease duration, and amount of volume reduction.

Results The LYMQoL tool overall satisfaction score significantly increased at all intervals from 4.4 ± 0.2 preoperative to 6.5 ± 0.3 postoperative at 12 months (p < 0.001). Significant findings were seen for each domain scores compared preoperatively and at 12 months: function score (18.6 ± 0.5 to 15.4 ± 0.6), appearance score (17.8 ± 0.5 to 16.0 ± 0.6), symptom score (11.8 ± 0.3 to 8.9 ± 0.4), and mood score (14.5 ± 0.4 to 11.4 ± 0.5; p < 0.05). The correlation analysis between improvement of the overall score and the ISL stage (p = 0.610, correlation coefficient [r] = − 0.047), disease duration (p = 0.659, r = − 0.041), and amount of limb volume reduction (p = 0.454, r = − 0.070) showed no statistical significance.

Conclusion The QOL of secondary lower limb lymphedema patients was significantly improved after LVA regardless of the severity of disease, duration of disease, and amount of volume reduction after LVA. Understanding the patient-reported outcome measurement will help the surgeons to manage and guide the expectations of the patients.
Initial multicenter experience using a novel articulating through-the-scope traction device for endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Hayat Maham , Schlachterman Alexander , Schiavone Grace , Mizrahi Meir , Park Jong Kyu , Kumbhari Vivek , Cheesman Antonio , Draganov Peter V , Hasan Muhammad Khalid , Yang Dennis
Published: June 2023

Background and study aims A single-operator, articulating, through-the-scope (TTS) traction device was recently developed to facilitate endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Clinical data on the performance of this device are limited. We report an initial multicenter experience with ESD using this articulating TTS traction device.

Patients and methods Retrospective analysis on all consecutive patients who underwent ESD using this traction device (T-ESD) at five centers between August 2021 and December 2022. Endpoints included: rates of en-bloc resection, R0 resection, curative resection, and adverse events.

Results Thirty-six patients (median age 64.8 years; 47.2% women) underwent ESD (median lesion size 40 mm; interquartile range [IRQ]: 27.5–67.5) for lesions in the esophagus (n=2), stomach (n=8), sigmoid colon (n=6), and rectum (n=20). Submucosal fibrosis was encountered in one-third of the lesions (33.3%). Median ESD time was 104.6 minutes (IQR: 65–122). En-bloc, R0 and curative resection were achieved in 94.4%, 91.6%, and 97.2%, respectively. The single patient with non-curative resection of an invasive rectal adenocarcinoma underwent surgery. There were no cases of delayed bleeding or perforation. There was no recurrence on surveillance endoscopy (n=20) at a median of 6 months (IQR: 3.75–6).

Conclusions This initial multicenter experience demonstrates high resection rates and excellent safety profile when performing ESD with this novel articulating TTS device. Dynamic real-time traction may lower the technical difficulty of ESD. Additional studies are needed to assess its cost-effectiveness and compare its usefulness with other traction devices and techniques during ESD.
The Linear Coronal Knee Offset (LCKO)—Preliminary Study of New Method of Measuring Knee Varus/Valgus Malalignment
Authors: Saad Ahmed , Nischal Neha , Sharma Akash , Agrawal Yuvraj , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Botchu Rajesh
Published: June 2023

Introduction Considerable attention is focused on preoperative templating of radiological images in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty to obtain optimal alignment and outcome. Several radiological measurements have been described.

Purpose In this study, we illustrate a new linear measurement: The linear coronal knee offset (LCKO) that can be used to analyze the coronal configuration on long leg alignment radiographs commonly undertaken during preoperative templating.

Methods A retrospective search was performed of our Picture Archiving and Communication System and Radiology Information System to identify 100 lower limbs anteroposterior, weight bearing, long leg alignment view radiographs of patients referred to knee clinics over 1 year with knee pain.

Demographic details, clinical indication, standard radiological measurement of the anatomical tibiofemoral angle, and the LCKO were measured and data were analyzed using Student's t-test. In addition, intraclass correlation coefficient was used to analyze for intraclass reliability.

Results The average age of patients was 36.3 years (range: 12–80 years) with a male predominance. The LCKO was statistically significant between the three cohorts of patients. The mean LCKO in normal cohorts was 0.24 cm, varus was −0.6 cm, and valgus was 1.72cm. There was good inter and interobserver reliability (Kappa of 0.8 and 0.8, respectively).

Conclusion The novel LCKO measurement provides a simpler method in assessing coronal lower limb malalignment and can easily identify a normal, varus, or valgus knee deformity.
Sedimentation from landscape clearance-induced soil erosion threatens waterhole persistence in a semi-arid river system, southern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Tibby John , Marshall Jonathan C. , Lobegeiger Jaye S. , Amos Kathryn J. , Pickering Giselle , Myburgh Theresa
Published: June 2023

Context In arid and semi-arid river systems, waterholes are often the only refugia for aquatic organisms during no-flow spells. Sediment accumulation in waterholes reduces their persistence. Aims To assess this threat, we surveyed the depth of, and dated, waterhole sediments from the Moonie River, a northern tributary of Australia’s largest river system, the Murray–Darling Basin. Methods Fine-sediment depth was determined in three of the deepest waterholes in 2010 and 2011 before, and after, the largest flood in over a century. The rate of sediment build up in two waterholes was also determined. Key results In the deepest sections (>75th percentile depth), there was between 0.7 and 2 m of fine sediment in 2010. Following flooding, sediment depth reduced by 24–54%, with the largest proportional reductions in sediment occurring in the shallowest waterhole. However, net sediment accumulation is still 1.4–2.0 cm year−1 since the 1950s. Conclusions Sedimentation has reduced the persistence of the deepest waterholes by over 200 days, representing an up to 30% reduction. During the longest droughts known in the Moonie River, this would dry many otherwise permanent waterholes. Implications Sedimentation is a marked threat to waterhole persistence even following large floods.
Accuracy and precision of sea-finding orientation as a function of dune proximity in hatchlings of two species of sea turtles
Authors: Hirama Shigetomo , Witherington Blair , Hirsch Sarah , Sylvia Andrea , Carthy Raymond
Published: June 2023

Context Sea turtle hatchlings generally emerge at night from nests on sand beaches and immediately orient using visual cues, which are believed to entail the difference in brightness between the light seen in the seaward direction and that seen in the duneward direction. Aim The aim of this study was to understand how dune proximity affected hatchling orientations in two sea turtle species that share a nesting beach 15 km long and 25.3 ± 9.4 m (N = 215) from dune to waterline, with low to moderate artificial light nearby. Methods For hatchling loggerhead and green turtles, we measured accuracy and precision of orientation, tested differences in distance from nest to dune, and investigated the effect of dune proximity on hatchling orientation. Key results We found a significant decrease in hatchling orientation accuracy and precision in both species as the distance increased from nests to dune. Loggerhead and green turtles showed similar orientation ability when in the same proximity to the dune. Conclusions We conclude that dune features provide important cues for hatchling orientation on sea turtle nesting beaches. Implications Restoring and maintaining natural beach profiles, especially dune systems, is likely to increase the accuracy and precision of sea finding in hatchling sea turtles.
Deep intronic founder mutations identified in the
ERCC4
/
XPF
gene are potential therapeutic targets for a high-frequency form of xeroderma pigmentosum
Authors: Senju Chikako , Nakazawa Yuka , Oso Taichi , Shimada Mayuko , Kato Kana , Matsuse Michiko , Tsujimoto Mariko , Masaki Taro , Miyazaki Yasushi , Fukushima Satoshi , Tateishi Satoshi , Utani Atsushi , Murota Hiroyuki , Tanaka Katsumi , Mitsutake Norisato , Moriwaki Shinichi , Nishigori Chikako , Ogi Tomoo
Published: June 2023

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genodermatosis defined by cutaneous photosensitivity with an increased risk of skin tumors because of DNA repair deficiency. The worldwide prevalence of XP is ~1 to 4 in million, with higher incidence in some countries and regions including Japan (1 in 22,000) and North Africa due to founder mutations and a high degree of consanguinity. Among XP, the complementation group F (XP-F), is a rare form (1% of worldwide XP); however, this is underdiagnosed, because the
ERCC4
/
XPF
gene is essential for fetal development and most of previously reported
ERCC4
/
XPF
pathogenic variants are hypomorphs causing relatively mild phenotypes. From the largest Japanese XP cohort study, we report 17 XP-F cases bearing two pathogenic variants, both identified in deep intronic regions of the
ERCC4
/
XPF
gene. The first variant, located in intron 1, is a Japanese founder mutation, which additionally accounts for ~10% of the entire Japanese XP cases (MAF = 0.00196), causing an aberrant pre-mRNA splicing due to a miss-binding of U1snRNA. The second mutation located in intron eight induces an alternative polyadenylation. Both mutations cause a reduction of the
ERCC4
/
XPF
gene expression, resulting in XP clinical manifestations. Most cases developed early-onset skin cancers, indicating that these variants need critical attention. We further demonstrate that antisense oligonucleotides designed for the mutations can restore the XPF protein expression and DNA repair capacity in the patients’ cells. Collectively, these pathogenic variants can be potential therapeutic targets for XP.
Sublethal whole-body irradiation induces permanent loss and dysfunction in pathogen-specific circulating memory CD8 T cell populations
Authors: Heidarian Mohammad , Jensen Isaac J. , Kannan Shravan Kumar , Pewe Lecia L. , Hassert Mariah , Park SungRye , Xue Hai-Hui , Harty John T. , Badovinac Vladimir P.
Published: June 2023

The increasing use of nuclear energy sources inevitably raises the risk of accidental or deliberate radiation exposure and associated immune dysfunction. However, the extent to which radiation exposure impacts memory CD8 T cells, potent mediators of immunity to recurring intracellular infections and malignancies, remains understudied. Using P14 CD8 T cell chimeric mice (P14 chimeras) with an lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection model, we observed that sublethal (5Gy) whole-body irradiation (WBI) induced a rapid decline in the number of naive (T
N
) and P14 circulating memory CD8 T cells (T
CIRCM
), with the former being more susceptible to radiation-induced numeric loss. While T
N
cell numbers rapidly recovered, as previously described, the number of P14 T
CIRCM
cells remained low at least 9 mo after radiation exposure. Additionally, the remaining P14 T
CIRCM
in irradiated hosts exhibited an inefficient transition to a central memory (CD62L
+
) phenotype compared to nonirradiated P14 chimeras. WBI also resulted in long-lasting T cell intrinsic deficits in memory CD8 T cells, including diminished cytokine and chemokine production along with impaired secondary expansion upon cognate Ag reencounter. Irradiated P14 chimeras displayed significantly higher bacterial burden after challenge with
Listeria monocytogenes
expressing the LCMV GP
33-41
epitope relative to nonirradiated controls, likely due to radiation-induced numerical and functional impairments. Taken together, our findings suggest that sublethal radiation exposure caused a long-term numerical, impaired differentiation, and functional dysregulation in preexisting T
CIRCM
, rendering previously protected hosts susceptible to reinfection.
Orchamoplatus citri (Takahashi). [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: June 2023

A new distribution map is provided for Orchamoplatus citri (Takahashi). Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae. Host:
Citrus
spp.
Exploring the role of beyond mean-field interaction in the structure and dynamics of one-dimensional quantum droplets
Authors: Gangwar Sonali , Ravisankar Rajamanickam , Muruganandam Paulsamy , Kumar Mishra Pankaj
Published: June 2023

We present simulation results of the ground state structure and dynamics of quantum droplets (QDs) in one-dimensional spin–orbit coupled binary Bose–Einstein condensates. We have considered two cases for this analysis, such as (i) the mean-field term has a vanishingly small contribution utilizing the equal and opposite inter- and intraspecies interactions and (ii) unequal inter- and intraspecies interactions. The QD exhibits remarkably different natures in each case. In the former case, it exhibits a bright sech-like droplet nature, while in the latter case, we find the flattened sech-like shape of the droplet. Further, we analyze the effect of velocity perturbation on the dynamics in both cases. For the first case, we find a systematic change from the solitonic droplet nature to the breathing droplet, which finally has a moving droplet feature upon increasing the velocity. However, the second case shows similar dynamics except having more dynamically stable features than the first. Finally, we present various dynamics that ensued in the QD due to the quenching of the interaction parameters, coupling parameters or allowing the droplet to undergo collisions.
Small gas adsorption on 2D material SnSe: a first-principles study
Authors: Hung Chia-Hsiang , Jiang Yun-Cai , Lei Shuang-Ying , Gao Ran , Tao Xu-Wen , Wan Neng , Yu Hong
Published: June 2023

SnSe not only has a large surface-to-volume ratio, but also provides enough space to adsorb small-molecule gases owing to its unique wrinkled structure, so it exhibits great application prospects in gas sensing. In this study, we have comprehensively investigated the adsorption properties of H2, N2, CO, CO2, H2S, H2O, NH3, NO, SO2, and NO2 on SnSe by the first-principles density functional theory, and have analyzed the sensing potential of SnSe for these small gas molecules. It is found that only NO and SO2 have suitable adsorption energies, showing that they can be stably adsorbed on the SnSe substrate and easily desorbed under certain conditions. Moreover, NO adsorption introduces a magnet moment that can be differentiated from SO2 and NO2. Additionally, according to the calculation results of the statistical thermodynamics model and nonequilibrium Green’s function method, SO2 possesses enormous adsorption density and larger current than NO under the same condition. Therefore, SnSe is promising for reversible SO2 sensing.
Phase coupling of acoustic and optical modes in antiferromagnetic materials CrCl3
Authors: Wang Yaquan , Li Huanan , Liu Yan
Published: June 2023

In layered antiferromagnetic material CrCl3, due to the antiferromagnetic coupling between two magnetic sublattices, there are two antiferromagnetic resonance modes, called acoustic mode with in-phase precession and optical mode with out-of-phase precession. By using Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation, we study the magnetization dynamics of the two sublattices in CrCl3. A coupling resonance mode appears at the coupling point when the acoustic and optical magnon modes are tuned by an applied magnetic field, which is called ‘coupling mode’. In this paper, we present an explanation for the coupling of the acoustic and the optical mode. Our calculation shows that the coupling of the acoustic and optical mode is accomplished by change of the precession phase-difference between two magnetic sublattices.
Resonant electron confinement and sheath expansion heating in magnetized capacitive oxygen discharges
Authors: Sun Jing-Yu , Zhang Quan-Zhi , Schulze Julian , Wang You-Nian
Published: June 2023

In weakly magnetized capacitive radio frequency (RF) plasmas electrons accelerated into the plasma bulk by the expanding RF boundary sheath at one electrode can be returned to this electrode due to their gyromotion around an externally applied magnetic field oriented parallel to the electrodes. If the driving frequency and magnetic field are chosen so that the electron cyclotron frequency, ω
ce, equals half of the driving RF, ω
rf, such energetic beam electrons will be returned to the sheath during its expansion phase and, thus, will be confined and heated resonantly. This magnetized RF sheath resonance (MRSR) effect is studied based on kinetic particle-in-cell simulations in weakly magnetized capacitively coupled oxygen plasmas. In comparison with electropositive argon plasmas, this resonance mechanism is found to be affected strongly by the electronegativity of oxygen discharges. In the unmagnetized case, low-pressure capacitive oxygen discharges operate in an electropositive mode, where nonlinear high-frequency sheath oscillations play an important role similar to previous observations in electropositive discharges with low electron densities. If the resonance condition is fulfilled (

ω

ce

/

ω

rf

=
1

/

2

), the discharge efficiency is enhanced due to the MRSR effects, resulting in an increase in plasma density. Our numerical results demonstrate that this resonance effect is particularly efficient at low pressure and low electronegativity. However, in strongly electronegative discharges, the time it takes a typical resonant electron to return to the expanding sheath edge is found to be affected by drift and ambipolar electric fields in the plasma bulk, which cause a deviation from the resonance condition, resulting in a reduction of this type of resonance effect.
Effects of magnetic nozzle strength and orientation on radio-frequency plasma expansion
Authors: Caldarelli A , Filleul F , Charles C , Boswell R W , Cater J E , Rattenbury N
Published: June 2023

To improve the efficiency of radio-frequency magnetic nozzle plasma thrusters, it is important to better understand the coupling between plasma expansion and a convergent–divergent magnetic field. This study explores the effects of magnetic field strength and orientation on plasma expansion in a magnetic nozzle. Two-dimensional measurements of the plasma characteristics obtained both in the source and in the expansion region are presented to investigate the influence of magnetic field strength on the formation of high-density conics in a symmetric magnetic nozzle. The measurements are repeated in a deflected magnetic nozzle using a novel magnetic steering system. Measurements of the ion saturation current and floating potential profiles are used respectively to qualitatively assess the plasma density distribution and the presence of high-energy electrons for the magnetic field configurations analysed. In the symmetric magnetic nozzle configuration, it is observed that the ion saturation current peaks on axis in the plasma source, but downstream of the nozzle throat, a double-peaked hollow profile is observed for all cases studied. The location of the high-density conics structure matches the most radial field lines that intersect the antenna and can freely expand downstream outside the source. Negative values of the floating potential are measured in the same peripheral regions, which could be a sign of the presence of high-energy electrons. When the magnetic field is deflected, the ion saturation current profile shows only a single peak centred around the bent field line that reconnects to the antenna. Again, a region of negative floating potential is measured at the location of the maximum ion current. Thus, it is shown how, independent of magnetic field strength and orientation, the magnetic field lines interacting with the antenna dictate the local plasma profiles downstream from the magnetic nozzle.