bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Terapi Hipnosis Lima Jari Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Pasien Diabetes Militus
Authors: Nadila Hita , Pratiwi Yuni Sandra
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder because the pancreas cannot produce insulin and when the body is unable to use it. It can be seen from the blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels can cause damage to the human body system. Patients with diabetes mellitus have psychological disorders, especially anxiety disorders. The patients are afraid of their blood sugar levels that can rise and fall at any time. One of the nursing actions for diabetes mellitus patients who experience anxiety is five finger hypnosis therapy. The purpose of this case study is to describe the application of five-finger hypnosis therapy in reducing DM patients' anxiety. This study used a case study. The subject of this case study was two diabetes mellitus patients who experience anxiety. The results of the case study showed that there was a decrease in anxiety in diabetes mellitus patients after five finger hypnosis therapy was carried out. In conclusion, five-finger hypnosis therapy is effective for reducing anxiety in diabetes mellitus patients. This result can be used as consideration for health workers to provide five-finger hypnosis therapy to diabetes mellitus patients who experience anxiety.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, anxiety, five finger hypnosis

AbstrakDiabetes militus adalah suatu kelainan metabolik karena pankreas tidak dapat memproduksi insulin dan ketika tubuh tidak mampu menggunakannya, yang biasa ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan bagi sistem tubuh manusia. Pasien diabetes militus memiliki gangguan psikologis terutama gangguan kecemasan, disebabkan karena pasien merasa takut kadar gula darahnya yang sewaktu-waktu bisa naik dan turun. Pemberian tindakan keperawatan pada pasien diabetes militus yang mengalami kecemasan salah satunya dengan terapi hipnosis lima jari. Tujuan dari studi kasus ini yaitu menggambarkan penerapan terapi hipnosis lima jari dalam menurunkan kecemasan pada pasien diabetes militus. Rancangan karya tulis ilmiah ini menggunakan studi kasus, dengan subjek studi kasus dua pasien diabetes militus yang mengalami kecemasan. Hasil studi kasus menunjukkan bahwa ada penurunan kecemasan pada pasien diabetes militus setelah dilakukan terapi hipnosis lima jari. Simpulan terapi hipnosis lima jari efektif untuk menurunkan kecemasan pada pasien diabetes militus. Saran bagi tenaga kesehatan diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan referensi untuk melakukan menerapkan terapi hipnosis lima jari pada pasien diabetes militus yang mengalami kecemasan.Kata kunci: diabetes militus, kecemasan, hipnosis lima jari.
An asset allocation model for defining optimal property portfolios in terms of risk/return
Authors: Locurcio Marco , Del Giudice Francesco Paolo , Anelli Debora , Tajani Francesco , Anelli Debora
Published: January 2022

The widespread uncertainty that characterizes the current world economic situation has also influenced the real estate market, leading investors towards generally lower risk profiles and more stable returns. However, in the absence of adequate skills, it is difficult to carefully manage the main risks factors which occur during the decision-making process. The aim of the research is to define and implement an asset allocation evaluation model able to support public and private investors for the identification of the most suitable allocation of limited financial resources for core/core plus real estate investments. The computational logic of goal programming is applied for detecting the optimal composition of property portfolios in terms of risk/return. The proposed model has been implemented to an Italian case study, proving to be a valid support tool in the definition of efficient real estate investment strategies. L’instabile congiuntura economica ha determinato un atteggiamento prudente degli investitori immobiliari pubblici e privati, indirizzandoli verso strategie di allocazione delle risorse caratterizzate da rischi contenuti e da rendimenti costanti. Nonostante ciò, i fattori di rischio che possono influenzare la performance di un portafoglio immobiliare sono molteplici e spesso difficilmente gestibili senza le competenze adeguate. L’obiettivo della presente ricerca riguarda la definizione e la sperimentazione di un asset allocation model che, attraverso la logica e gli algoritmi del Goal Programming, possa supportare il generico investitore – dotato di budget finanziario prestabilito e interessato ad investimenti di tipo core e core-plus - nel complesso processo decisionale finalizzato alla costruzione di portafogli immobiliari “ottimali” in termini di rischio/rendimento. I risultati ottenuti dall’applicazione a un ipotetico caso studio inerente a immobili ubicati nel contesto territoriale italiano, evidenziano le potenzialità del modello proposto, quale valido strumento di supporto alle decisioni nella definizione di strategie d’investimento immobiliare efficienti.
Pfade einer Transformation in die Kreislaufgesellschaft
Authors: Szews Johann
Published: January 2022

Mit dem Green Deal hat sich Europa das Ziel gesetzt, als erster Kontinent klimaneutral zu werden. Einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasen wird dabei der Ausbau nachhaltiger Wirtschaftsweisen leisten: Aus der Wegwerfgesellschaft soll eine Kreislaufgesellschaft werden. Neben technischen Innovationen verlangt diese Transformation allerdings auch einen grundlegenden gesellschaftlichen Wandel. Das ENTSORGA-Magazin sprach darüber mit der Sozialwissenschaftlerin Dr. Sina Leipold.
Considering Structural and Vocabulary Heterogeneity in XML Query: FPTPQ and Holistic Evaluation.
Authors: Nguefack Brice , Tchoupé Tchendji Maurice , Djotio Ndie Thomas
Published: January 2022

The integration of XML data sources which have different schemas/DTD can originate structural and vocabular heterogeneity. In this context, it is difficult to write satisfiable queries. As a solution, many Information Systems focus on building approximate evaluation techniques for exact queries. As a project, we build flexible and preference XML query languages and associated evaluation algorithms. In this paper, we propose the Flexible Preference Tree Pattern Query (FPTPQ), a new TPQ that allows multiple items/names (resp. paths) for the same node, in order to integrate (resp. to locate) all the different instances of the database nodes. The FPTPQ enable to have preference nodes and ordering operators among label items and paths. We also provide a holistic algorithm that evaluates the FPTPQ and capitalises the preferences to determine the best available solutions. Illustrations and experimentations are realized to show the effectiveness of our solutions.
Introducing Geography and Reading Map Skills to Kindergarten Children by using Large-Scale Giant Maps
Authors: Zisi Christina , Klonari Aikaterini , Soulakellis Nikolaos , Tataris Georgios
Published: January 2022

The construction of space in children develops gradually, as they grow up and is related both to their environment and to their spatial and/or geographical experiences. According to previous studies, spatial thinking is malleable, and can be developed with the use of appropriate teaching interventions and educational material. Geospatial thinking and reading map skills required to decode map symbols are a relatively new and very interesting topic in kindergarten’s education. Significance of this study is the creation of two large-scale giant maps, laminated, and appropriate to accompany teaching material that can be used in a teaching intervention based on the Greek kindergarten curriculum. The first map (scale of 1:1000) is a map of the city of Mytilene, and the second one (scale of 1:20000) is of the island of Lesvos; both have dimensions 3X4 meters. The purpose of this study is to present the creation of spatial teaching material, so that map skills in Kindergarten education can be cultivated and developed in order to provide kindergarten teachers with large scale-giant maps and encourage them to introduce them to their teaching, as large scale-giant maps are really powerful educational tools for the development of their pupils’ spatial skills.
Integration of 360-Degree Photography and Virtual Reality into Museum Storage Facility Design and Education
Authors: Loddo Marzia
Published: January 2022

The use of digital tools in architecture and design education has been experimented with since the 1990s. The representation and communication of architectural narratives have been facing an unprecedented challenge in education, research, and practice during the past couple of years. This study investigates if using 360-degree photography/video and virtual reality (VR) technologies can be beneficial in architectural education. It focuses on museums and their storage facility areas and buildings, and looks at how digital technologies can raise awareness of these spaces and improve future museum designs. Starting from the fact that museums usually lack a proper storage area due to wrong designs, this project has investigated how the subject of museums is treated in design courses and, how VR representation could help students visualise and immersively navigate an area usually not known to many: the storage facility. The digital representation of real objects and the environment using 360-degree photography/video and VR technologies were tested on international architecture students in The Netherlands and Germany. The research methods combined qualitative and quantitative approaches (e.g., interaction, surveys, interviews, and visual/narrative devices) related to museums and cyber-ethnography. The results demonstrate how the digital tools positively affected students’ consciousness of museums and architectural qualities and how they inspired students to explore the area further. Students became more engaged and motivated throughout the workshops; they were able to learn from and compare different resources, providing valuable quanti-qualitative results. This paper will describe how 360-degree photography and VR visualisation were integrated into the existing teaching approaches.
An Assessment of ICT Support for Students Living with Disabilities at the University of Namibia
Authors: Haitota Mathew , Moses Chirimbana , Malakia Haimbangu
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study was to assess the ICT support for the students living with disabilities at The University of Namibia. A qualitative methodology was used through the use of an in-depth face to face in interview which was administered to 12 participants who were lectures and disabled students from the University of Namibia disability Unity. The participants in the study were selected through the use of the purposeful strategy. The study findings unveiled that PCs cell phones and internet, software programmes, projectors and white boards, classroom televisions and radios downloaded app videos and braille’s and hearing aids are some of the ICT equipment available for the students at living with disabilities at the University of Namibia. The study also established that lack of training in administrators, lecturers and disabled student who are in the disability unity of the University of Namibia in ICT equipment usage, lack of technical support from the University, lack of ICT resources, lectures low content knowledge and limited computer knowledge of the lectures for students living with disabilities are some of the challenges faced by students living with disabilities at the University of Namibia. The study also found out that there is need for management collaboration and support ICT resources for students living with disabilities. The study also revealed that the provision of incentives to the lecturers teaching students with disabilities will improve the lectures utilisation of ICT gadgets during the teaching of students living with disabilities at the University of Namibia. In addition, the study also recommended that monitoring and evaluation of the ICT support for the students living with disability need to be strengthened at the University of Namibia. Furthermore, the study also recommended that there should be collaboration between the various educational stakeholders in the provision of ICT support to students living with disabilities at the University of Namibia.
Considerações sobre legibilidade para tabela nutricional
Authors: Hammerschmidt Christopher , Spinillo Carla Galvão
Published: January 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar recomendações de legibilidade voltadas a pessoas idosas com baixa visão, para analisar como o design da informação se aplica às normas de formatação da tabela nutricional conforme a legislação brasileira sobre o assunto. Dado o atual cenário de saúde pública do país, com números crescentes de obesidade e sobrepeso, a rotulagem nutricional pode desempenhar um importante papel na orientação de escolhas nutricionais mais saudáveis. A população idosa se mostra relevante nesse cenário, pelas tendências de crescimento para as próximas décadas. Considerando-se que o envelhecimento está frequentemente associado a degenerações da visão, selecionaram-se recomendações de legibilidade que incluíssem as necessidades de leitores idosos e com baixa visão. A análise comparativa dessas recomendações com os itens encontrados na legislação brasileira sobre a formatação da tabela nutricional apresentou concordâncias em alguns pontos e desvios em outros. Em geral, notou-se que os textos legais contemplam aspectos de design da informação e defende-se que pesquisas sobre legibilidade voltadas à tabela nutricional são relevantes para considerar o acesso à informação por pessoas idosas e com baixa visão.
Anúncios de oficinas tipográficas paulistanas (1900-1930)
Authors: Mariano Cruz Pereira Fabio , Farias Priscila
Published: January 2022

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma análise das fontes usadas para identificar oficinas tipográficas paulistanas em anúncios de periódicos impressos durante as primeiras 3 décadas do século XX. Buscou-se responder a seguinte questão: os tipos usados para compor anúncios de uma determinada oficina tipográfica publicados em periódicos produzidos por outras oficinas tipográficas pertenciam ao repertório da empresa anunciante, ou ao das oficinas que imprimiam os periódicos? Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram a seleção de 20 periódicos, 49 anúncios e também a análise de caracteres tipográficos através de testes comparativos de sobreposição. Foram encontradas evidências de que as oficinas responsáveis pela impressão dos periódicos eram as proprietárias dos tipos usados nos anúncios de seus concorrentes.
Visualizing data visualization: a systematic literature mapping by Brazilian design researchers
Authors: Pessoa Medeiros Rodrigo
Published: January 2022

This paper integrates and expands reflections in the academic Brazilian literature on data visualization from a design perspective between the years 2010 and 2020. It is based on a systematic literature mapping method of 42 articles. The results show the institutions affiliation of researchers and their geographical distribution; the evolution over the years of publications; the methodological approaches and authors cited; the types of studies; and the visualization artifact generated and the design tools employed in this process. Specifically, the results show that The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) is the institution with the highest concentration of papers and that the southeast region concentrates the most significant number of institutions. The years with the most publications are 2015 and 2019. Although most articles adopt an ad-hoc methodology, two publications use the Ben Fry methodology and its adaptations. Edward Tufte is the most cited author. There is a concentration of authors in the conceptualization of infographics and data visualization. Finally, the creation of artifacts is the most common type of study, Processing is the most popular design tool to create a data visualization, and visualization in Processing is the most frequent result of a study.
The efficacy of chiropractic adjustment in the treatment of primary metatarsalgia
Authors:   , Petersen Shayan Lian
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the relative efficacy of foot and ankle adjustments as opposed to placebo ultrasound, in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings, in the treatment of primary metatarsalgia. This was a randomised, controlled, clinical trial consisting of two groups. Group A received foot and ankle adjustments, while Group B received detuned ultrasound as the placebo treatment. Each group consisted of twenty subjects between the ages of 20 and 78 years, who were randomly assigned to their respective groups. It was hypothesised that foot and ankle adjustments would be effective in the treatment of primary metatarsalgia. Subjects diagnosed with primary metatarsalgia were included in the study. The treatment regime consisted of a course of eight treatments, with two treatments a week, spread over a four-week period. Subjective and objective measurements were taken at the initial, second, third and final consultations. Subjective data consisted of the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale -101 and the Foot Function Index. Objective data was collected by means of Algometer measurements. Inter-group comparisons were made using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney unpaired U-test for the categorical variables and the parametric two-sample unpaired t-test for the continuous variables. Inter-group comparisons of the subjective readings showed that the two groups were similar at the beginning of the study, except in terms
Load Balancing in Smart Grids using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Optimization
Authors: Bouaraki Mouloud , Dekhandji Fatma Zohra , Abdi Lina Amel , Recioui AEM
Published: January 2022

The work deals with the balance between the supplied and consumed power in a residential area. An optimization task is formulated and solved. The extension of the optimization task formulation to include renewable sources is also provided. It is shown in the results that using the deployed optimization technique, a significant reduction in the energy usage cost and the waiting time of the appliances (delay) for residential consumers can be achieved. This work can be used in smart home and smart cities applications.
A review on solar radiation assessment and forecasting in Algeria
Authors: Kabouche Nourdine , Chellali Farouk , Recioui AEM
Published: January 2022

Solar radiation forecasting is an important component in many areas related to either the production or exploitation of renewable energies. This field has attracted the attention of many Algerian researchers due to its important solar potential  specially in the southern desert areas. In a comprehensive review of the works in this domain, we propose a comprehensive review of the different models and studies for predicting solar radiation in Algeria. Various techniques have been proposed including artificial stochastic models and intelligence.
Optimal Placement of Fault Passage Indicators in Distribution Networks using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Recioui AEM , Merdj Mounir , Kamli Anouar
Published: January 2022

Fault Passage Indicators (FPIs); also named Faulted Circuit Indicators (FCIs), have been under development for the last 70 years including new capabilities to satisfy the needs of the distribution network operators. In order to improve system stability, these devices can be deployed along the feeder to reduce, or even eliminate, the uncertainty about the fault location. The number and location of FPIs affects the network reliability that can lead to extra charge on the distribution companies as well as the consumers. In this work, the optimal number and location of fault passage indicators in Power Distribution Networks (PDN) are determined. The problem is cast as an optimization task with a special economical combined objective function and solved using the genetic algorithms. The work has been tested on the two case studies, IEEE 9 bus and IEEE 33 bus systems.
Comparison study among the different existing loss of excitation protection schemes in synchronous generator
Authors: Bentarzi Hamid , Mati Ayache , MAUN Jean-Claude
Published: January 2022

Synchronous generator is the most important element of a power system and its fast and reliable protection is crucial. One of the most abnormal conditions in a generator is loss of excitation (LOE) which is harmful to both the generator and the power system. This condition should be detected and the generator isolated from the system to avoid generator damage as well as power system instability.

This work presents an experimental study and comparison of the two conventional LOE protection schemes, negative-offset and positive-offset mho element under different conditions. The results show that the two schemes can detect LOE fault under total or partial LOE conditions, however in terms of speed (fault detection time) the positive offset scheme is faster than the negative offset scheme under all loading conditions. Besides, the two LOE protection schemes are reliable and do not operate under power swing disturbances caused by any type of external faults.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ГЛИБИННОГО НАВЧАННЯ ДЛЯ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ФІНАНСОВИХ ЧАСОВИХ РЯДІВ
Authors: Захарченко Костянтин , Захарченко Наталя , Рудніченко Микола , Шибаєва Наталя , Отрадська Тетяна
Published: January 2022

У роботі розглянуто основні теоретичні особливості вирішення завдань аналізу та прогнозування фінансових тимчасових рядів, позначено актуальність та затребуваність даного наукового спрямування. Проаналізовано специфіку побудови та використання глибокого навчання на прикладі згорткових моделей штучних нейронних мереж. Розроблено та апробовано програмне забезпечення створення та моделювання згорткових моделей штучних нейронних мереж для вирішення завдань прогнозування фінансових тимчасових рядів, виконано оцінку точності створених моделей.
ПРОГРАММНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПОДВИЖНОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ С ЧЕТЫРЬМЯ ВЕДУЩИМИ ПОВОРОТНЫМИ КОЛЕСАМИ
Authors: Котвицкий Альберт , Ясинский Ярослав
Published: January 2022

В настоящее время развитие робототехнических систем и интернета вещей (IoT) происходит во все ускоряющемся темпе. Особенно это связано с текущей пандемией COVID-19, которая вызвана распространением коронавируса SARS-CoV-2. В связи с этим человечеству массово потребовались дистанционные и автономные технологии. Данная работа развивает подход, к автотранспорту, который может применяться для безопасной доставки грузов как в производственных цехах, так и в различных бытовых ситуациях. Особенную роль в решении таких задач занимают голономные (квазиголономные) движущиеся платформы. В этой статье рассматривается программная модель квазиголономной подвижной платформы. Квазиголономность достигается за счет использования четырех ведущих поворотных колес. Благодаря этому такая подвижная платформа обладает повешенной маневренностью, а построенная программная модель позволит реализовать различные алгоритмы движения.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PJOK MATERI LARI SPRINT MELALUI PERMAINAN HITAM-HIJAU PADA SISIWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 1 JERO GUNUNG
Authors: AZHAR AZHAR
Published: January 2022

The type of research conducted is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The purpose of this Classroom Action Research (CAR) is to improve learning outcomes of PJOK sprint running material through black and green games in class V SD Negeri 1 Jero Gunung, West Sakra District, East Lombok Regency, for the 2021/2022 academic year. In this Classroom Action Research (CAR) was carried out in 2 cycles, from the results of the actions taken it was proven to be able to improve teacher performance by achieving the specified classical completeness of 85%. Classical completeness 70% obtained in the first cycle, can be increased in the second cycle to 100%. In terms of student learning activities, there was also an increase, namely in the first cycle, the quite active category increased to an active category. The results of this action research indicate that the application of black and green games in sprint running learning materials can improve student learning outcomes in fifth grade students of SD Negeri 1 Jero Gunung, West Sakra District, East Lombok Regency, achieving 100% completeness.
ABSTRAKJenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Tujuan dari Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar PJOK materi lari sprint melalui permainan hitam hijau pada kelas V SD Negeri 1 Jero Gunung Kecamatan Sakra Barat Kabupaten Lombok Timur Tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, dari hasil tindakan yang dilakukan terbukti dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru dengan mencapai ketuntasan klasikal yang ditetapkan yaitu 85%. Ketuntasan Klasikal 70% diperoleh pada siklus I, dapat meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 100 %. Dari segi aktivitas belajar siswa juga ada peningkatan yaitu pada siklus I diperoleh kategori cukup aktif meningkat menjadi kategori aktif. Hasil penelitian tindakan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan permainan hitam hijau pada materi pembelajaran lari sprint dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada siswa kelas V SD negeri 1 Jero Gunung Kecamatan Sakra Barat Kabupaten Lombok Timur ketuntasan mencapai 100 %.
Investigation of New Particle Formation mechanisms and aerosol processes at the Marambio Station, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Quéléver Lauriane L. J. , Dada Lubna , Asmi Eija , Lampilahti Janne , Chan Tommy , Ferrara Jonathan E. , Copes Gustavo E. , Pérez-Fogwill German , Barreira Luis , Aurela Minna , Worsnop Douglas R. , Jokinen Tuija , Sipila Mikko
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Understanding chemical processes leading to the formation of atmospheric aerosol particles is crucial to improve our capabilities in predicting the future climate. However, those mechanisms are still inadequately characterized, especially in polar regions, which are typically representative of the pre-industrial era in climate models. In this study, we report observations of neutral and charged aerosol precursor molecules and chemical clusters composition (qualitatively and quantitatively), as well as air ions and aerosol particle number concentrations and size distributions from the Marambio research station (64°15'S–56°38'W), located North of the Antarctic Peninsula. We conducted measurements during the austral summer, between 15 January and 25 February 2018. The scope of this study is to characterize New Particle Formation (NPF) event parameters and connect our observations of gas phase compounds with the formation of secondary aerosols to resolve the nucleation mechanisms at the molecular scale. NPF occurred on 40% of measurement days (i.e., 13 NPF events were recorded during 35 days). All NPF events were observed during sunny days (i.e., sufficient radiation), mostly with above freezing temperatures and low relative humidity (RH < 80 %). The averaged formation rate for 3 nm particles (J3) was 0.686 cm−3 s−1 and the average particle growth rate (GR 3.8–12 nm) was 4.2 nm h−1. Analysis of neutral aerosol precursor molecules showed measurable concentrations of iodic acid (IA), sulfuric acid (SA) and methane sulfonic acid (MSA) throughout the entire measurement period with average concentrations of 5.17 × 105, 1.18 × 106, 2.06 × 105 molecules cm−3, respectively. MSA and SA concentrations significantly increased during NPF events. We highlight SA as a key contributor to NPF processes, while IA and MSA would likely only contribute to particle growth. Mechanistically, anion clusters of dimethylamine (DMA)-bisulfate (2SA) as well as numerous ammonium-(bi)sulfate clusters were identified, with the latter at mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) larger than 1000 Th. All of which suggests elevated concentration of both ammonia and amines in the atmosphere. Those species are likely contributing to NPF events since SA alone is not sufficient to explain observed nucleation rates. Here, we provide evidence of the marine origin of the measured chemical precursors and discuss their potential contribution to the aerosol phase. Our observations highlight the importance of the Antarctic Ocean, water, and ice ecosystems interacting with the land-fauna – the plausible sources of the principal precursor molecules hereby investigated – for secondary aerosol formation.
A numerical framework for simulating the atmospheric variability of supermicron marine biogenic ice nucleating particles
Authors: Steinke Isabelle , DeMott Paul J. , Deane Grant B. , Hill Thomas C. J. , Maltrud Mathew , Raman Aishwarya , Burrows Susannah M.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. We present a framework for estimating concentrations of episodically
elevated high-temperature marine ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the sea
surface microlayer and their subsequent emission into the atmospheric
boundary layer. These episodic INPs have been observed in multiple
ship-based and coastal field campaigns, but the processes controlling their
ocean concentrations and transfer to the atmosphere are not yet fully
understood. We use a combination of empirical constraints and simulation
outputs from an Earth system model to explore different hypotheses for
explaining the variability of INP concentrations, and the occurrence of
episodic INPs, in the marine atmosphere. In our calculations, we examine the following two proposed oceanic sources of high-temperature INPs: heterotrophic bacteria and marine biopolymer aggregates (MBPAs). Furthermore, we assume that the emission of these INPs is determined by the production of supermicron sea spray aerosol formed from jet drops, with an entrainment probability that is described by Poisson statistics. The concentration of jet drops is derived from the number concentration of supermicron sea spray aerosol calculated from model runs. We then derive the resulting number concentrations of marine high-temperature INPs (at 253 K) in the atmospheric boundary layer and compare their variability to atmospheric observations of INP variability. Specifically, we compare against concentrations of episodically occurring high-temperature INPs observed during field campaigns in the Southern Ocean, the Equatorial Pacific, and the North Atlantic. In this case study, we evaluate our framework at 253 K because reliable observational data at this temperature are available across three different ocean regions, but suitable data are sparse at higher temperatures. We find that heterotrophic bacteria and MBPAs acting as INPs provide only a
partial explanation for the observed high INP concentrations. We note,
however, that there are still substantial knowledge gaps, particularly
concerning the identity of the oceanic INPs contributing most frequently to
episodic high-temperature INPs, their specific ice nucleation activity, and
the enrichment of their concentrations during the sea–air transfer process. Therefore, targeted measurements investigating the composition of these marine INPs and drivers for their emissions are needed, ideally in
combination with modeling studies focused on the potential cloud impacts of
these high-temperature INPs.
Net soil carbon balance in afforested peatlands and separating autotrophic and heterotrophic soil CO2 effluxes
Authors: Hermans Renée , McKenzie Rebecca , Andersen Roxane , Teh Yit Arn , Cowie Neil , Subke Jens-Arne
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Peatlands are a significant global carbon (C) store, which can be
compromised by drainage and afforestation. Quantifying the rate of C loss
from peat soils under forestry is challenging, as soil CO2 efflux
includes both CO2 produced from heterotrophic peat decomposition and
CO2 produced by tree roots and associated fungal networks (autotrophic
respiration). We experimentally terminated autotrophic below-ground
respiration in replicated forest plots by cutting through all living tree
roots (trenching) and measured soil surface CO2 flux, litter
input, litter decay rate, and soil temperature and moisture over 2 years.
Decomposition of cut roots was measured and CO2 fluxes were corrected
for this, which resulted in a large change in the fraction heterotrophic : autotrophic flux, suggesting that even 2 years after trenching decaying
root biomass makes significant contributions to the CO2 flux. Annual
peat decomposition (heterotrophic CO2 flux) was 115 ± 16 g C m−2 yr−1, representing ca. 40 % of total soil respiration.
Decomposition of needle litter is accelerated in the presence of an active
rhizosphere, indicating a priming effect by labile C inputs from roots. This
suggests that our estimates of peat mineralization in our trenched plots are
conservative and underestimate overall rates of peat C loss. Considering
also input of litter from trees, our results indicate that the soils in
these 30-year-old drained and afforested peatlands are a net sink for C,
since substantially more C enters the soil organic matter than is
decomposed heterotrophically. This study does not account for fluvial C
fluxes, which represent a small flux compared to the CO2 soil efflux;
further, root litter and exudate deposition could be a significant C source
that is only partially sampled by our approach, adding to these plantations
being a potential carbon sink. However, the C balance for these soils should
be taken over the lifespan of the trees, in order to determine if the soils
under these drained and afforested peatlands are a sustained sink of C or
become a net source over longer periods of forestry.
Downscaling of air pollutants in Europe using uEMEP_v6
Authors: Mu Qing , Denby Bruce Rolstad , Wærsted Eivind Grøtting , Fagerli Hilde
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The air quality downscaling model uEMEP and its combination with the EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model are used here to achieve high-resolution air quality modelling at street level in Europe. By using publicly available proxy data, this uEMEP–EMEP modelling system is applied to calculate annual mean NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and O3 concentrations for all of Europe down to 100 m resolution and is validated against all available AIRBASE monitoring stations in Europe at 25 m resolution. Downscaling is carried out on annual mean concentrations, requiring special attention to non-linear processes, such as NO2 chemistry for which frequency distributions are applied to better represent the non-linear NO2 chemistry. The downscaling shows significant improvement in NO2 concentrations for which the spatial correlation has been doubled for most countries and bias reduced from −46 % to −18 % for all stations in Europe. The downscaling of PM2.5 and PM10 does not show improvement in spatial correlation but does reduce the overall bias in the European calculations from −21 % to −11 % and from −39 % to −30 % for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. There is improved spatial correlation in most countries after downscaling of O3 and a reduced positive bias of O3 concentrations from +16 % to +11 %. Sensitivity tests in Norway show that improvements in the emission and emission proxy data used for the downscaling can significantly improve both the NO2 and PM results. The downscaling development opens the way for improved exposure estimates, improved assessment of emissions, and detailed calculations of source contributions to exceedances in a consistent way for all of Europe at high resolution.
How do inorganic nitrogen processing pathways change quantitatively at daily, seasonal and multi-annual scales in a large agricultural stream?
Authors: Huang Jingshui , Borchardt Dietrich , Rode Michael
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Instream nitrogen (N) processing consists of complex interacting and highly time-varying pathways. To understand the role of a large agricultural stream river reaches in processing N thoroughly, it is urgently needed to continuously quantify high temporal resolution N processing pathways, reflecting seasonal shifts and multi-annual overarching effects. To this end, the hydrodynamic and river water quality model WASP 7.5.2 was applied in the 27.4-km reach of the 6th order agricultural stream Lower Bode (central Germany) for 5 years (2014–2018). Paired high-frequency data (15-min interval) of discharge (Q), nitrate (NO3−), dissolved oxygen (DO), and Chlorophyll-a at upstream and downstream stations were used as model boundaries and for model constraints. The WASP model simulated 15-minute intervals of Q, NO3− and DO with Nash-Sutcliffe-Efficiency values higher than 0.9 for calibration and validation, enabling the calculation of gross and net dissolved inorganic N (DIN) uptake and pathway rates on a daily, seasonal and multi-annual scale. Results showed daily DIN net uptake rate ranged from −17.4 mg N m−2 d−1 to 553.9 mg N m−2 d−1. The highest daily net uptake could reach almost 30 % of total input loading, which occurred at extreme low flow in summer 2018. The growing season (spring and summer) accounted for 91 % of the average net annual DIN uptake in the measured period. In spring, both the DIN gross and net uptake were dominated by the phytoplankton uptake pathway. In summer, benthic algae assimilation dominated the gross DIN uptake. Conversely, the reach became a DIN net source with negative daily net uptake values in autumn and winter, mainly because the release from benthic algae surpassed uptake processes. Over the five years, average DIN gross and net uptake rates were 124.1 and 56.8 mg N m−2 d−1, which accounted for only 2.7 % and 1.2 % of the total loadings the study reach in the Lower Bode, respectively. 5-year average gross DIN uptake decreased from assimilation by benthic algae through assimilation by phytoplankton to denitrification. Our study highlights the value of combining river water quality modelling with high-frequency data in obtaining reliable instream DIN-budget, which facilitates our ability to manage N in aquatic systems. This study provides a methodology that can be applied to any large stream to quantify N processing pathway dynamics and complete our understanding of N cycling.
Inducing banana Fusarium wilt disease suppression through soil microbiome reshaping by pineapple–banana rotation combined with biofertilizer application
Authors: Wang Beibei , Sun Mingze , Yang Jinming , Shen Zongzhuan , Ou Yannan , Fu Lin , Zhao Yan , Li Rong , Ruan Yunze , Shen Qirong
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Crop rotation and biofertilizer application have historically been employed
as efficient management strategies for soil-borne disease suppression
through soil microbiome manipulation. However, how this occurs and to what
extent the combination of methods affects the microbiota reconstruction of
diseased soil is unknown. In this study, pineapple–banana rotation combined
with biofertilizer application was used to suppress banana Fusarium wilt
disease, and the effects on both bacterial and fungal communities were
investigated using the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Our results
showed that pineapple–banana rotation significantly reduced Fusarium wilt
disease incidence and the application of biofertilizer caused additional
suppression. Bacterial and fungal communities thrived using rotation
combined with biofertilizer application: taxonomic and phylogenetic
α diversity of both bacteria and fungi increased along with disease
suppression. Between the two strategies, biofertilizer application
predominantly affected both bacterial and fungal community composition
compared to rotation. Burkholderia genus may have been attributed to the general wilt
suppression for its change in network structure and high relative importance
in linear models. Our results indicated that pineapple–banana rotation
combined with biofertilizer application has strong potential for the
sustainable management of banana Fusarium wilt disease.
Downstream development associated with two types of ridging South Atlantic Ocean anticyclones over South Africa
Authors: Ndarana Thando , Lekoloane Lesetja E. , Rammopo Tsholanang S. , Reason Chris J. C. , Bopape Mary-Jane M. , Chikoore Hector , Engelbrecht Francois A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. There are at least two types of ridging South Atlantic Ocean high pressure systems in the South African domain. Type-N events occur north of 40° S and Type-S occur south of this latitude line. This study shows that there is no evidence of surface downstream development in terms of the evolution of eddy kinetic energy and associated ageostrophic geopotential fluxes for both types of ridging high events. Rather, for these systems downstream development is an upper level process. The baroclinic waves associated with the ridging develop from baroclinic instability, by converting eddy available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy. The bulk of the conversion is located at the upstream end of the waves. The downstream trough, which is the part of the wave that influences upward motion over South Africa, develops from the transport of eddy kinetic energy across the trough axis by means of ageostrophic geopotential fluxes. These fluxes are stronger for Type-S events. The absence of downstream development at the surface and the presence of it aloft demonstrates that there are differences in the underlying dynamics in the evolutions of these systems in the vertical. The evolution of eddy kinetic energy associated with baroclinic waves that occur during the ridging events is different from what has been observed for cut-off low pressure systems in the South African domain.
Land-based wind turbines with flexible rail-transportable blades – Part 2: 3D finite element design optimization of the rotor blades
Authors: Camarena Ernesto , Anderson Evan , Paquette Josh , Bortolotti Pietro , Feil Roland , Johnson Nick
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Increasing growth in land-based wind turbine blades to enable higher machine capacities and capacity factors is creating challenges in design, manufacturing, logistics, and operation. Enabling further blade growth will require technology innovation. An emerging solution to overcome logistics constraints is to segment the blades spanwise and chordwise, which is effective, but the additional field-assembled joints result in added mass and loads, as well as increased reliability concerns in operation. An alternative to this methodology is to design slender flexible blades that can be shipped on rail lines by flexing during transport. However, the increased flexibility is challenging to accommodate with a typical glass-fiber, upwind design. In a two-part paper series, several design options are evaluated to enable slender flexible blades: downwind machines, optimized carbon fiber, and active aerodynamic controls. Part 1 presents the system-level optimization of the rotor variants as compared to conventional and segmented baselines, with a low-fidelity representation of the blades. The present work, Part 2, supplements the system-level optimization in Part 1 with high-fidelity blade structural optimization to ensure that the designs are at feasible optima with respect to material strength and fatigue limits, as well as global stability and structural dynamics constraints. To accommodate the requirements of the design process, a new version of the Numerical Manufacturing And Design (NuMAD) code has been developed and released. The code now supports laminate-level blade optimization and an interface to the International Energy Agency Wind Task 37 blade ontology. Transporting long, flexible blades via controlled flapwise bending is found to be a viable approach for blades of up to 100 m. The results confirm that blade mass can be substantially reduced by going either to a downwind design or to a highly coned and tilted upwind design. A discussion of active and inactive constraints consisting of material rupture, fatigue damage, buckling, deflection, and resonant frequencies is presented. An analysis of driving load cases revealed that the downwind designs are dominated by loads from sudden, abrupt events like gusts rather than fatigue. Finally, an analysis of carbon fiber spar caps for downwind machines finds that, compared to typical carbon fibers, the use of a new heavy-tow carbon fiber in the spar caps is found to yield between 9 % and 13 % cost savings.
Reducing Emergency Department demand through expanded primary healthcare practice: Full report of the research and findings
Authors: Toloo Sam , Hettiarachchi Ruvini , Lim David , Wilson Katie
Published: January 2022

Demand for public hospital emergency departments’ services and care is increasing, placing considerable restraint on their performance and threatens patient safety. Many factors influence such demand including individual characteristics (e.g. perceptions, knowledge, values and norms), healthcare availability, affordability and accessibility, population aging, and internal health system factors (e.g patient flow, discharge process). To alleviate demand, many initiatives have been trialled or suggested, including early identification of at-risk patients, better management of chronic disease to reduce avoidable ED presentation, expanded capacity of front-line clinician to manage sub-acute and non-urgent care, improved hospital flow to reduce access block, and diversion to alternate site for care. However, none have had any major or sustained impact on the growth in ED demand. A major focus of the public discourse on ED demand has been the use and integration of primary healthcare and ED, based on the assumption that between 10%–25% of ED presentations are potentially avoidable if patients’ access to appropriate primary healthcare (PHC) services were enhanced. However, this requires not only improved access but also appropriateness in terms of the patients’ preference and PHC providers’ capacity to address the needs. What is not known at the moment is the extent of the potential for diversion of non-urgent ED patients to PHC and the cost-benefits of such policy and funding changes required, particularly in the Australian context. There is a need to better understand ED patients’ needs and capacity constraint so as to effect delivery of accessible, affordable, efficient and responsive services. Jennie Money Doug Morel
Doctoralness in the Balance: The Agonies of Scholarly Writing in Studio Research Degrees
Authors: Nelson Robert
Published: January 2022

According to a canon that developed unchallenged for a very long time, academic research exists in fields of knowing and proof. It is identified most memorably and with the greatest severity in the physical sciences, which establish facts on the basis of observation, very often extending to empirical experiment, where circumstances are carefully created and controlled, and tests are reliably designed around an unsolved question. This method is reflected in the social sciences, which describe, quantify and model social phenomena - economic or behavioural - without experiment but with the same code of measurable rigour. The humanities, which are by and large non-quantitative and definitely present a greater kinship with the creative arts in their cultural subject matter and often in the ideological spirit of their contentions, also cleave closely to the motif of knowing and proof. Disciplines like philosophy, history and languages interpret and argue with the support of sources; a thesis in the field is held to be defensible when its conclusions and methods withstand the contrary argument.
The Internationalisation of a Manuscript: Finding the Potent Generic
Authors: Tess Brady Donna Lee Brien,
Published: January 2022

While publication on the Internet is often a truly global enterprise involving writers, readers and editors from all over the world, print publishing is still a significantly locale-specific venture. This was brought home to us when we were involved in the final editing of our book, The Girl’s Guide to Work and Life: How to Create the Life You Want (Brien & Brady 2004).