bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of membrane integrity of frozen/thawed deer spermatozoa: Short communication
Authors: Nagy Sz. , Kovács A. , Zubor T. , Zomborszky Z. , Tóth J. , Horn P.
Published: December 2015

A simultaneous live/dead and acrosome staining, originally described for domestic mammals, was successfully applied on red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) spermatozoa collected from the cauda epididymidis and vas deferens of shot stags. The staining is simple enough for routine application. Seven classes of spermatozoa were distinguished in the smears of frozen/thawed semen samples. Morphology, including cytoplasmic droplets, was evaluated as well. Percentage of live cells with intact acrosomes and with no other morphological aberrations might be a practical index of semen quality.
Bacteriological recovery after intramuscular or intracisternal spiramycin-based drying-off therapy
Authors: Jánosi S. , Huszenicza A. , Horváth T. , Gémes F. , Kulcsár Margit , Huszenicza G.
Published: December 2015

Systemic (intramuscular, IM) vs. local (intracisternal, IC) routes of spiramycin-based drying-off therapy were compared for efficacy on 65 Staphylococcus aureus infected udder quarters of 38 dairy cows. Single-dose (30,000 IU/kg) IM treatment (single IM group) resulted in a similarly low bacteriological recovery rate (14%) as seen in the untreated controls (18%). IM treatment (30,000 IU/kg) on 4 consecutive days (4 IM group) resulted in significantly higher quarter-based recovery rates than that in the single IM group. The bacteriological recovery rates obtained in the intracisternal and 4 IM groups were quite similar but remained below 50%. Based on these findings as well as on the high cost of the repeated intramuscular treatment regime there is no reason to give extra preference to the systemic application of spiramycin at drying off in the practice.
Characterisation and effects of a xylanase enzyme preparation extracted from Thermomyces lanuginosus cultures
Authors: Kutasi J. , Bata Á. , Brydl E. , Rafai P. , Jurkovich V.
Published: December 2015

This paper describes the production of an enzyme preparation from the fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. Thermal resistance, pH stability and lignocellulolytic activity of the enzyme preparation high in xylanase were studied on a variety of grains and forages. The enzyme preparation preserved more than 70% of its original xylanase activity for 4 and 1 h at 60 and 70 °C, respectively. The xylanase activity remained over 80% when the preparation was incubated for 30 min at pH 4.5. In vitro digestibility studies indicated that the enzyme digested 7.5, 8.5 and 8.0% of the dry matter (DM) of barley meal, wheat bran and oat meal samples, respectively. When applying 60-min incubation, 7.5, 7.3 and 8.4% of DM of the oat straw, alfalfa hay and triticale straw was digested, respectively. When the time of digestion was increased to 360 min, the sunflower hull showed 15.8% DM digestibility.
Identification of Trypanosoma evansi by DNA hybridisation using a non-radioactive probe generated by arbitrary primer PCR: Short communication
Authors: Basagoudanavar S. H. , Rao J. R. , Omanwar Swati , Tiwari A. K. , Singh R. K. , Kataria R. S. , Butchaiah G.
Published: December 2015

A highly reproducible, dominant, monomorphic fragment of 473 base pair (bp) amplified from the genome of Trypanosoma evansi by arbitrary primer — polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was labelled with digoxigenin and investigated for its potential as DNA probe. Dot-blot hybridisation of total genomic DNA with the probe proved useful in detecting bubaline, cameline and equine strains of T. evansi down to 10 pg of parasite template DNA. No cross-hybridisation was seen with Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata and the bubaline host DNA. This probe may facilitate laboratory identification of T. evansi in developing countries, without the inherent risk associated with radioisotopes.
Rate of lipid peroxidation in brain and liver tissues and the total antioxidant status of blood plasma in developing chicks
Authors: Balogh N. , Gaál T. , Husvéth F. , Vajdovich P.
Published: December 2015

Age-related changes of tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) of liver and brain, as well as plasma antioxidant capacity of broiler chicken cockerels were investigated. Tissue LPO was characterised by the spectrophotometric assessment of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Plasma antioxidant power was evaluated by the measurement of total antioxidant status (TAS). Newly hatched broiler chicks had similar TAS value (1.19 mmol/l) as newborns of mammalian species. Significant changes (p < 0.05) were observed in the time course of all parameters. Tissue TBARS concentration was higher in the brain than in the liver at hatching, while the latter organ was found to have more effective antioxidant defence during embryonic life. The concentration of TBARS increased up to the 10th day in the liver but only up to the 21st day in the brain, and the former was accompanied by an approximately 50% decrease of plasma antioxidant capacity. This suggests that the liver plays an important role in forming the antioxidant defence mechanisms of the blood plasma in broiler chicks.
Opposing offspring sex ratio variations with increasing age and weight in mouflon mothers (Ovis musimon)
Authors: Landete-Castillejos T. , Garcia A. , Langton S. , Inglis I. , Gallego L. , Garde J.
Published: December 2015

There are two main theories explaining offspring sex biases in polygynous mammals. Trivers and Willard (1973) argue that mothers with greater reproductive resources should invest in the sex with the greater variance in reproductive success, usually sons. In contrast, because daughters in many polygynous mammals stay with their mother and compete with her for food, Local Resource Competition theory (e.g. Clark, 1978; Silk, 1983) predicts that the mothers with the greatest reproductive resources should invest in daughters. We investigated the strategy of sex allocation of a captive, outdoor population of 139 mouflon mothers, Ovis musimon, kept in a game state. A complex picture emerged in which, despite weight and body condition being correlated with age in female mouflons, mothers lambed more daughters with increasing age but also, within a given age, gave birth to more sons with increasing weight. Results may be useful in game management aimed at increasing the recruitment or quality o f males in managed populations.
Comparative immunogenicity and efficacy studies with oral rabies virus vaccine SAD P5/88 in raccoon dogs and red foxes
Authors: Schuster P. , Müller T. , Vos A. , Selhorst T. , Neubert L. , Pommerening E.
Published: December 2015

A comparative study of immunogenicity and efficacy of the oral rabies virus vaccine SAD P5/88 in raccoon dogs and foxes was conducted. The raccoon dogs received 10 (n = 6), 106.3 (n = 6) or 105.7 FFU SAD P5/88 (n = 5) by direct oral application, and subsequently all animals seroconverted. The foxes received 107.2 (n = 4), 106.2 (n = 4), 105.2 (n = 4) and 104.2 FFU SAD P5/88 (n = 5) by the same route. On days 106 and 196 post vaccination 10 raccoon dogs and 16 foxes were challenged with a relevant street virus, respectively. All 10 raccoon dogs vaccinated with 106.3 (n = 5) or 105.7 FFU SAD P5/88 (n = 5) survived the challenge, whereas all control animals (n = 5) died of rabies. Two foxes vaccinated with 104.2 FFU and one fox vaccinated with 105.2 FFU died of rabies on day 7, 17 and 12 post infection, respectively. Also all control foxes succumbed to rabies. Our findings demonstrate that SAD P5/88 is not only an effective vaccine for oral vaccination of foxes but also for that of raccoon dogs.
Maternal immunity against rabies in raccoon dogs
Authors: Vos A. , Müller T. , Schuster P. , Selhorst T. , Wenzel U.
Published: December 2015

The objective of the study was to examine possible maternally transferred antibodies (maAb) against rabies in raccoon dogs. Ten cubs born from a rabiesimmune animal were bled on days 31, 36, 43, 50, 57 and 64 post partum. The geometric mean titres of the cubs were 1.19, 1.18, 0.45, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.16 IU/ml, respectively. Up to 36 days post partum maAb were detected in all cubs at levels ≥ 0.5 IU/ml and at day 56 post partum all animals had maAb levels < 0.5 IU/ml. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that vaccine baits should not be distributed before July if the vaccination campaign is aimed at immunizing young raccoon dogs as well.
Traumatic myiasis of horses caused by Wohlfahrtia magnifica
Authors: Farkas R. , Képes Gy.
Published: December 2015

A survey was carried out in three stud farms with grazing animals, in order to gather data on the prevalence and clinical manifestation of, and the fly species involved in, traumatic myiasis of horses in Hungary. This parasitic disease was recorded in each farm. On the whole, 9.0% (14) of the inspected horses were infested with fly larvae. The affected horses had one infested lesion only, located at the mucosa of the vulva or the vaginal vestibule. The clinical symptoms depended on the age of infestation. Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was the only myiasis-causing fly species identified. It was assumed that unknown volatile chemicals might be responsible for the attraction of gravid females to the undamaged vulvar region. These odours are supposed to be produced during different physiological and/or pathological events associated with oestrus, prolonged puerperal period or inflammation of tissues. Daily inspection of grazing horses and early treatment of the affected areas are needed to avert significant damage to the infested horses.
Pedotransfer in soil physics: trends and outlook — A review —
Authors: Pachepsky Ya. , Rajkai K. , Tóth B.
Published: December 2015

Parameters governing the retention and movement of water and chemicals in soils are notorious for the difficulties and high labor costs involved in measuring them. Often, there is a need to resort to estimating these parameters from other, more readily available data, using pedotransfer relationships.

This work is a mini-review that focuses on trends in pedotransfer development across the World, and considers trends regarding data that are in demand, data we have, and methods to build pedotransfer relationships. Recent hot topics are addressed, including estimating the spatial variability of water contents and soil hydraulic properties, which is needed in sensitivity analysis, evaluation of the model performance, multimodel simulations, data assimilation from soil sensor networks and upscaling using Monte Carlo simulations. Ensembles of pedotransfer functions and temporal stability derived from “big data” as a source of soil parameter variability are also described.

Estimating parameter correlation is advocated as the pathway to the improvement of synthetic datasets. Upscaling of pedotransfer relationships is demonstrated for saturated hydraulic conductivity. Pedotransfer at coarse scales requires a different type of input variables as compared with fine scales. Accuracy, reliability, and utility have to be estimated independently. Persistent knowledge gaps in pedotransfer development are outlined, which are related to regional soil degradation, seasonal changes in pedotransfer inputs and outputs, spatial correlations in soil hydraulic properties, and overland flow parameter estimation.

Pedotransfer research is an integral part of addressing grand challenges of the twenty-first century, including carbon stock assessments and forecasts, climate change and related hydrological weather extreme event predictions, and deciphering and managing ecosystem services.

Overall, pedotransfer functions currently serve as an essential instrument in the science-based toolbox for diagnostics, monitoring, predictions, and management of the changing Earth and soil as a life-supporting Earth system.
A numerical approach for estimating the effective elastic properties of honeycomb structures
Authors: Kien Nguyen Trung , Minh Nguyen Anh
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a method for calculating effective elastic moduli of honeycomb core of sandwich plates. The theory is based on the homogenization method for periodic composite materials. Abaqus software is used to model the localization elastic problem on a representative volume element and then the balance of micro-macroscopic deformation energy enables to calculate homogenized elastic moduli of the honeycomb core. Numerical examples are carried out and compared to other models.
Nonlinear analysis of stability for imperfect eccentrically stiffened FGM plates under mechanical and thermal loads based on FSDT. Part 2: Numerical results and discussions
Authors: Dung Dao Van , Nga Nguyen Thi
Published: December 2015

Based on the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT), the smeared stiffeners technique and Galerkin method, the analytical expressions to determine the static critical buckling load and analyze the post-buckling load-deflection curves of FGM plates reinforced by FGM stiffeners resting on elastic foundations and subjected to in-plane compressive loads or thermal loads are established in part 1. In this part, we will use them to study the effects of temperature, stiffener, volume fraction index, geometrical parameters, elastic foundations on the buckling and post-buckling behavior of plates. In addition, the results in comparisons between the classical plate theory (CPT) and the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) also are carried out and shown that the buckling and post-buckling behavior of more thick plate should be studied by FSDT.
Approximated analytical frequency response of a pendulum structure attached with two orthogonal dynamic vibration absorbers
Authors: Viet La Duc , Nghi Nguyen Ba
Published: December 2015

Vibration of a pendulum can be reduced by single dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) moving in tangential or in normal direction of pendulum's orbit. The first DVA works in the linear zone while the second one works in the nonlinear zone. This paper uses the equivalent linearization technique to obtain an analytical form of the frequency response of a nonlinear pendulum structure, which is attached with both types of DVA. The numerical calculations are carried out to verify the analytical results. Some useful conclusions on the optimal parameters of the DVA can be found from the analytical solution.
Inner Consciousness Tindakan Nabi
Authors: Umam Moh. Helmi
Published: December 2015

The article is written to examine deeds and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) within inner consciousness analysis of Husserl’s phenomenology. The article is formulated to explore the significance of phenomenology of religious study, Prophet’s deeds as well as his inner consciousness, and inner consciousness analysis of Prophet’s deeds. This article is written using phenomenological method, i.e. a comprehensive interpretation about the source of information or object’s phenomenon as long as it can be traced. Inner consciousness of Prophet’s actions sees that his deeds in deciding important religious pronouncements were results of long-term memory based on divine and social argumentations, which have came into Prophet’s consciousness as a human.
Kultus Kiai: Sketsa Tradisi Pesantren
Authors: Huda M. Syamsul
Published: December 2015

Study on kiai is a crucial and interesting discussion among Indonesian Muslim community. This article tries to find roots of problem on the emmergence of cult tradition towards kiai, mainly in pesantren community. The study uses field observation method, in-depth interview, and interpretation of the results. The research formulates cult tradition towards kiai within historical study, model and method of cult transformation, power and kiai’s authority, and the roots of cult among santris’ community. The study finds that cult tradition towards kiai has emmerged from kiai’s personal power due to his knowledge charisma and his personality as well as institutional charisma as a result of intense and continous sociological relationship with other institutions.
Perspektif Zakî Najîb Mahmûd tentang Ilmu dan Agama dalam Logika Positivisme
Authors: Ghozi Ghozi
Published: December 2015

This article aims at comprehensively examining Zakî Najîb Mahmûd’s thought on the logic of positivism on the relationship between religion and science. The study employs literature interpretation method. The study encompasses the logic of positivism of Zakî Najîb Mahmûd, confirmation map of knowledge on areas of science and religion, and the dichotomy of science and religion. The study finds that the logic of positivism formulated by Zakî Najîb Mahmûd has accommodated religious knowledge as a scientific matter just like positive science in which its references can be mapped out through accountable epistemological aspect.
Islam sebagai Agama dan Umat: Analisa Pemikiran Kenegaraan Jamâl al-Bannâ
Authors: Zamzami Mukhammad
Published: December 2015

This article explores Jamâl al-Bannâ’s view on the relation between religion and state, particularly his views on the relation system between Islam and state, and the related issues such as democracy, pluralism, and secularism. The article, therefore, describes issues on the concept of ummah in Islam, democracy within Islamic governmental system, and Islam’s view on secularism and pluralism. The article uses textual interpretation method. The article finds that the most ideal example of Islamic government was the period of Madînah al-Munawwarah, which only lasted for 25 years.
Ritual Pengikut Tarekat Shâdhilîyah di Tambak Beras, Jombang-Jawa Timur
Authors: Safik Abdullah
Published: December 2015

This article tries to phenomenologically examines the existence of the Shâdhilîyah tarekat supervised by KH. Djamaluddin in Tambak Beras, Jombang. The Shâdhîlîyah tarekat, that had been initiated by Abû Hasan al-Shâdhilî, is an exceptional and consistent in holding and practicing its tawhid principle as well as dhikr rituals. In Indonesia, this tarekat has rapidly evolved. One of its murshid is KH. Abdul Jalil Mustaqim in Tulungagung, the murshid to KH. Djamaluddin. The tarekat has two main doctrines, are: firstly, ‘ubûdîyah realm where its followers are obliged to phisically and mentally obey Allah swt and His messenger, i.e. the prophet Muhammad, in all their sayings and deeds. Secondly, mu‘âmalah aspect where each follower is taught to interact with other people and creatures only for the sake of Allah. It means that the tarekat is a medium of self approaching to Allah. One of special rites (khusûsîyah) conducted by this tarekat is an every-Tuesday agenda where dhikr, tawassul, tahlîl, and tahmîd activities are held. Technically, a sâlik when s/he recites dhikr should be followed by breathing in which is concentrated in the navel and going on top through thoracic cavity and coming out through the mouth then retracting it back to tongue.
Islamic Studies Berbasis Research
Authors: Damanhuri Aji
Published: December 2015

The research aims at re-motivating research tradition in Islamic studies by developing scientific and rational epistemological framework, acceptance to critiques, comprehensiveness, multidimensional, and applicative to solve the problems of universal humanity. This research employs descriptive philosophical method and interpretative analysis by portraying the reality of contemporary Islamic studies and analyzing them using the already developed Islamic epistemological framework. It is expected that, from motivations written in this research, cosmopolitan Islamic civilization, which respects diversity, pluralism, human rights, women’s dignity, is ecologically sensitive, and is full of love with other people and other creatures of God would emerge.
Teologi Transformatif Jaringan Islam Liberal
Authors: Tasmuji Tasmuji
Published: December 2015

This article aims at discussing the extent of theological significance of Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL, Islamic Liberal Networks) in Indonesia founded and led by Ulil Abshar Abdalla. This is because theology is the soul of religious adherents’ life who intend to work through God’s words in the world. JIL has come as an anti-thesis against Islamic fundamentalism movements, which tend to be rigid, intolerant, and exclusive. The facts can be observed, at least, in such mass organizations as Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), Laskar Jihad (LJ), Front Pembela Islam (FPI), Ikhwanul Muslimin Indonesia (IMI), and Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). The issuance of “the death fatwa” against Ulil Abshar is a part of textual paradigm held by these mass organizations. To JIL it is important to bring about inclusive and moderate theological understandings. Its mission and agenda, then, are fighting against Islamic fundamentalists’ understanding as they are considered obstacles to the advance of Muslim community. Here is the important role of the theology that has to be made as a basis of liberation and freedom for the weak community; then it will be truly meaningful for the weak and poor people.
Teologi Perdamaian dalam Tafsîr Jihad
Authors: Wasid Wasid
Published: December 2015

The presence of Islam within humanity space would, in fact, lead to the creation of life order to fulfill tawhîd and peace of the world. The problem of tawhîd is the very core of life, though its meaning has, sometimes, tended to be theocentric by neglecting anthropocentric dimension. It can be observed through ideological reasoning of radicalism group in defining jihâd as a means of struggle to uphold oneness of God, though this group put less interested in presenting Islam within principles of peace. It suggests that oneness of God (tawhîd) is purely intended to Him and it has no relation with human. This problem needs to be re-observed, if not to be sued, by looking at universal values from the presence of Islam in which it has been so far known as highly honoring peace and values of humanity as well as values of divinity.
Menggugat Syirik Intelektual Bersama Nasr Hâmid Abû Zayd dan Amina Wadud
Authors: Basyir Kunawi
Published: December 2015

The article discusses gender issue which has still become a global discourse within 21st century. The discourse will always become an actual issue as it constantly emerges from women and community’s consciousness who find strategic discrepancy and injustice, in regard with the relation between men and women, in which they might lead to relational discrimination, subordination, stereotype, and inequality. The writer, at this point, attempts to bring about comparative analysis between two interpretation paradigms on gender issue promulgated by Nasr Hâmid Abû Zayd and Amina Wadud. Both people share a common academic apprehension when they observe backwardness of the Muslim women in many aspects of life (as a fully human agency) caused by patriarchy tradition, gender injustice, and problem of minority in the Muslim world. This has subsequently caused the two authors to reconstruct methodological paradigm of Quranic exegesis on gender issue in order to generate a just interpretation. They see the importance of having high social consciousness which properly considers women’s existence based on sacred values of humanity. However, this view faces obstacles from other Muslim scholars as they consider Zayd and Wadud heretics and have conducted what so-called “an intellectual shirk”.
Prinsip dan Ajaran Tasawuf ‘Abd Allâh al-Haddâd
Authors: Mahzumi Fikri
Published: December 2015

‘Abd Allâh al-Haddâd is a prominent figure who has great influence in many parts of the world, including Indonesia. His mystical teachings (tasawwuf), which are sunni, akhlâqî and ‘amalî, are oriented to guide morality of the society and, therefore, are more acceptable. A variety of his work, both in the form of books, wird, kasidah, and his Râtib are widely spread and practiced by many people, especially his followers. Al-Haddâd’s mystical orientation also puts emphasis on socio-moral movement. Among his mystical teachings are science, charity, khawf, wara‘, and sincerity which are based on al-Qur’ân, the Sunnah of the Prophet, and the example of the pious Salaf. Here, al-Haddâd was able to make renewal in the field of Sufism by reforming the segment and the orientation of the tarekat. If in the past tarekat was only familiar to elites, it then has been converged by al-Haddâd into two different segments, i.e. the tarekat of elite and and the tarekat of public, with the same orientation that is approaching to God. Through this reorientation, al-Haddâd had attempted to present Sufism as a social movement that raise morale both individuals and social groups.

 

Keywords: Râtib, tasawwuf, the tarekat of elite, the tarekat of public.
Studi Filologis Sharh Isagoge: Menelusuri Logika Aristotelian di Kalangan Muslim Klasik
Authors: Adiwidjajanto Koes
Published: December 2015

This article puts emphasis on Daljî, one of traditional Muslim scholars, about his writing “Ta‘lîqât ‘alâ Sharh Shaykh Islâm Zakarîyyâ al-Ansârî li Matn Isaghuji”, with philological approach. Such approache has been widely known in Islamic world as tahqîq al-nusûs, which focuses on presenting part of the text readable in different time and context, so it can be used and read in accordance with writer’s intention. What important from Daljî’s contribution in the study of traditional Aristotelian logic (mantiq) is that his defense on this study has firm position, whereas another Sunnî Traditionalist especially the people who was known as Ahl al-hadîth like Ibn Salâh and Ibn Taymîyya considered it as innovation according to the authoritative Islamic teachings. In his ta‘lîq, Daljî followed the previous Muslim Scholar in writing logical method that was considerably known amongst its experts. The topics discussed in this study deal with explanations on kulliyât (generals), qadâyâ (prepositions), al-‘aks wa al-tanâqud (the contradictions), on qiyâsât (syllogism), on rhetoric and poetics.
Era Keemasan Dinasti ‘Abbâsîyah: Analisis Perubahan Fungsional Francesca Cancian
Authors: Warsito Loekisno Choiril
Published: December 2015

This article will basically discuss the development of the structural functional theory in particular that has been developed by Francesca Cancian, commonly known as the Functional Analysis of Change. The importance of using the analysis is because basically people development is often analogous to the process of evolution; a change into a form of “perfection”. Thus, after a discussion of the theoretical propositions then it will be applied to the case of social and cultural change during the Abbasid dynasty, especially in the era of Caliph al-Ma’mûn’s leadership. It is found that social and cultural systems at the time of Abbasid dynasty were very dynamic and steady so that the golden age can be achieved.
Konsep Taubat Tarekat Naqshabandîyah Muzharîyah
Authors: Hoddin M. Sholeh
Published: December 2015

Sufism which was originally the activities of individuals to get closer to Allah has become an institution of tarekat in its development and has rules and procedures for the dhikr or wird. Among the growing tarekat in the history of Islam is tarekat Naqshbandiyya Muzhariyya. As the Sufi orders, this tarekat has rules or procedures that must be obeyed by its adherents. Therefore, before proceeding to higher levels (maqâmât) in the tarekat, a disciple has to step on the very bottom of tarekat ladder, namely repentance. The repentance has substantial roots, i.e. takhallî and tahallî. The article was presented as a form of conceptual understanding of the meaning of repentance for the tarekat Naqshbandiyya Muzhar-iyya. Repentance, according to Naqshbandiyya Muzhariyya Ghersempal, is the beginning of all maqâms and hals. It is also considered the first maqâm for the followers of this tarekat after their return from disgraceful deeds to noble conducts. During repentance process a disciple must undergo a number of rituals, namely bay‘ah, tawajjuh, Rabita, khatm khajagan, and dhikr.
Pola Ritual dan Makna Simbolis Tradisi Kadiran
Authors: Norhasan Norhasan
Published: December 2015

This article aims at explaining the Kadiran tradition in the village of East Kaduara, Madura. The tradition contains religious rituals in the form of selamatan or rokatan. Substantively, religious rituals of Kadiran is dhikr lead by a leader of the tarekat by reciting deeds practiced by Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qâdir al-Jîlânî. The meaning of slametan Kadiran for society functions as a form of gratitude for the blessings of God. It also means that the society pray for God for His mercy and at the same time it functions as a means of balancing the needs of both physical and spiritual life. In addition, it is also aimed as a chance to meet relatives (silat al-rahim) after their daily activities and business. The Kadiran tradition, along with it specificity and uniqueness, has been well maintained by the community and in a way passed it from generation to generation, so that the tradition has existed up until the present day.
Teologi Posmodern: Menimbang Konsep Naturalisme-Teistik
Authors: Ghozi Ghozi
Published: December 2015

This article will briefly discuss the problems of postmodern theology in the context of the relationship between God and nature. In this case, the author brings the conception of theistic naturalism in the view of classical theology of Islam. Theological conception of postmodernism (theistic naturalism) can be useful contributions to the refreshment of Islamic theology, particularly in the case af‘âl al-‘ibâd and its derivation. The concept of direct influence and indirect influence may help explain the intervention of God toward human beings without denying the law of causality, as the law that becomes standard of modern science. Nevertheless there are some things that need to be considered in this concept: Firstly, God is only the spirit of the universe, God has entrusted His power to the nature, and all the events occurred due to the co-creativity of God and nature. Secondly, God has no a direct influence on the external dimension, rather He is merely a Spirit of things who has influence on inner dimension.
Tajalliyât Sufistik Dialektika Nilai-Nilai Religius-Humanistik
Authors: Hidayat Husni
Published: December 2015

In Sufi dimension, a tarekat is considered a madrasa (school) which leads a mutasawwif to purify the darkness of heart from seven passions, namely ammârah bi al-sû’, lawwâmah, mulhamah, mutma’innah, râdiyah, and mardiyah. These seven lusts should be controlled and merged because they can cover humans from their nature. Under the guidance of the trustee murshid, the mutasawwifs are called and encouraged to reform their selves without seeing disgrace of other people. However, such process would not alienate the students from their social life and daily activities as the common people. Therefore, after two initial phases, namely takhallî and tahallî, a Sufi will reach his or her ultimate phase, i.e. tajallî. For the Sufis, the highest tajalli God is the Prophet. This is because he was the first creature of God and the most complete man (al-insân al-kâmil). Muhammad is not a mere man, but he is a manifestation of God’s emanation.
Freedom, Sufism, maqâm hurrîyah, hâl hurrîyah.
Authors: Fakhrudi Ah. Haris
Published: December 2015

This paper will discuss the meaning of freedom in the discourse of Sufi thought, especially of Ibn ‘Arabî. This is based on the consideration that Sufism before Ibn ‘Arabî’s more focused on ritualistic orientation for students and only revealed variant of Sufi’s expressions, both on maqâmât and ahwâl. The presence of Ibn ‘Arabî, therefore, became the turning point in the discourse of Sufism by expressing his beliefs in the theoretical formulation. The doctrine of Sufism—which previously only implicitly contained in the words of the Sufi shaykh—in the hands of Ibn ‘Arabî flashed into an open, theoretical, and obvios and thus opened the door for anyone who has a high intelligence in reflecting at once and realizing the metaphysical theories through operational forms. Therefore, this article will discuss some of the key concepts in the thought of Ibn ‘Arabî including the meaning of freedom (al-hurrîyah) in Sufism, maqâm hurrîyah, and hâl hurrîyah obtained by the Sufis during their spiritual journey.
Etos Kerja Pengikut Tarekat Qâdirîyah wa Naqshabandîyah
Authors: Saifullah Moh.
Published: December 2015

This article examines the dimensions of Sufism doctrines adhered by the followers of tarekat Qâdiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya at pesantren Suryalaya Area Coordinator East Java in Surabaya. The questions to be asked are to what extent are these followers consistent in practicing the teachings of Sufism and actively engaged in socio-religious activities, and how are spiritual, material, and social life of the members of tarekat Qâdiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya Suryalaya? The study found that the teachings of Sufism practiced by the members of TQN are actually appropriate or consistent with the teachings of Islam. Therefore, it is not true for anyone to understand that Sufism doctrines can weaken people’s work ethic and make them poor and backward. This is because Sufism is, basically, able to strengthen the work ethic and spirit. In other words, people who engage in certain tarekat would be regarded as having misunderstanding toward its doctrines when they become spiritless, lazy, and undisciplined.
Teologi Muhammad ‘Abduh: Kajian Kitab Risâlat al-Tawhîd
Authors: Ismail Hadi
Published: December 2015

This article discusses the renewal of of Islamic theology proposed by Muhammad ‘Abduh in the modern era, especially in his work Risâlat al-Tawhîd. In this case, ‘Abduh provided the highest position of reason in interpreting al-Qur’ân. In fact, if there is a contradiction between reason against revelation, the revelation should be interpreted in accordance with the provisions of reason. In addition, by criticizing the fatalistic theology of Jabarîyah, ‘Abduh gave the humans freedom to do anything according to their will. This is because by using their mind (reason), humans are able to consider the act they were doing along with their consequences, to make decisions based on their own will, and to realize their deeds based on their own resources. However, ‘Abduh emphasized that such freedom is not an absolute freedom.
Kosmoteologi Islam Indonesia
Authors: Umam Moh. Helmi
Published: December 2015

Environmental issues are critical questions about what will happen to the Earth in the future. Critical, because everyone agrees that humans’ behavior is bad implications for the future of the earth. Evils caused by obsession and ambition of development, deterioration due to residues of rationality and technology development, to the harmful effects of the practice of politics and the state. Although not considered to contribute directly, religious people are called and aware as people who share the responsibility of the crucial questions about the environment. Is the religion concerned with the environment, whether religion actually indifferent and become part of the destroyers of the environment? This is the urgency of reviewing the issue of Islamic Cosmo-theology as a new epistemological dimension of divinity juxtaposing religion with the study of the universe.
Pemikiran Waleed el-Ansary tentang “A Common Word” dalam Perspektif Metafisika Perennial
Authors: Ja’far Suhermanto
Published: December 2015

The discourse of “the Common Word” between us and you have initiated a series of seminars involving world religious institutions. Theological implications of common word become prevalent discussion. Fundamental questions that arise are: “When both Islam and Christianity claim to have received the revelation of God, then what does that mean that the word of God has become a book? Or transformed into the image of Jesus? “However, it does not mean that such matters can simply be brought into the realm of theological studies, because it will lead to a polemic and highlight the differences rather than the pure spirit of faith. Theology will only hold us to understand the main doctrines that had been circling around each religious tradition. Therefore, this article, that explores the idea of Waleed el-Ansary, is presented as an effort to understand the “Word of God” within Islam’s and Christianity’s perspective, so as religious people, we all get the meaningfulness of life or even salvation.
Relasi Antagonistik Barat-Timur: Orientalisme vis a vis Oksidentalisme
Authors: Fudholi Moh.
Published: December 2015

Encounter of the East and the West due to such various interests as economic, political, scientific, cultural has been a major factor in the study of western scientists (Orientalists) about the East that produces a variety of works in the fields of archeology, history, literature, environment, customs, and Islamic studies. Meanwhile, resistance against Orientalism in the form of Occidentalism, as initiated by Hasan Hanafî, seems to be closely related to ‘obsession’ and hopes of someone who frustrated and dissatisfied with the condition of the world he has dealt with as the project of civilization he offered seemed to be too theoretical to be applied into the form of well established science. This is a fact that, unlike Orientalism that has born from strength, power, and has been then smoothly formed, Occidentalism was created by the East that was defeated and suffered from weakness and at the same time merely has an obsession. In spite of the impression, apparently, what has been attempted in Occidentalism is dismantling the text, another interpretation, and building a new, more proportional context.
Wahdat al-Wujûd ‘Abd al-Karîm al-Jîlî
Authors: Ghozi Ghozi
Published: December 2015

This article discusses the Islamic misticism of ‘Abd al-Karîm al-Jîli which is known as wahdat al-wujûd. Al-Jîli is one of Ibn ‘Arabî’s thought interpreter and commentator. In this case, al-Jîli provided Ibn ‘Arabî doctrin of theosophy more shopisticated. His effort is to present Ibn ‘Arabî’s doctrin more acceptable upon the frame of sharî‘ah. In fact, he effort to present different angle of conception of wahdat al-wujûd. According to him wahdat al-wujûd must be seen in visioner and spiritual perspective. It is not be seen in philosophycal frame of thought as most of modern western perspective. It. In addition, wahdat al-wujûd doctrin is built on the holy experience which is based on sharî‘ah.
Global Salafisme antara Gerakan dan Kekerasan
Authors: Muzammil Iffah
Published: December 2015

This article explores Salafism movement between ideology and violence. Categorically, salafi movement can be categorized in two forms. First, salafi. This group berorintasi the purification of faith to make improvements through individual, family, and community structure. Second, salafi jihadi. Although this group also aims to purification, but this group tends to be politically, do not even hesitate to commit violence. However, they both have the desire to realize a people as a form of community of believers. In the end, according to Bernard Haykel, Salafism least understood of the three basic constitution. First, theology embodied in the doctrine of monotheism. In matters of theology, all members of this movement looks unanimously agreed. Second, the law, which pivots on the issue of ijtihad. Although there are differences in attitude, but most of the salafi found ijtihad is a necessity, while taqlîd should be avoided, even by Muslims who are not educated though. Third, the political, which is determined by the methodology of their choice to realize the desire involved in the international arena.
Menimbang Gagasan Bryan S. Turner tentang Islam
Authors: Turmudi Imam
Published: December 2015

This article explores the study of Islam by an orientalist, Bryan S. Turner. This study aimed to: first, to uncover the things that underlie the history of thought and movement of Orientalism. Second, to determine the thought Bryan S. Turner about Islam, which is specifically intended as a corrective to the thesis produced by Max Weber about his interpretation of Islam. The results of the study reveal that historically Orientalism, or the oriental studies movement emerged in the 18th century. This movement is often associated as a movement that pretend to control and weaken the East, especially Islam. It is not without basis, since the emergence of Orientalism has led to intellectual arrogance by claiming the West as a measure of civilization, because the East presented only in accordance with the construction used by the West.

 

Keywords: Orientalism, Orient, West, civilization.
Kosmologi Islam Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
Authors: Zuhriyah Lailatuzz
Published: December 2015

This article scrutinizes the concept of cosmology held by the Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat. The writer observes that the process of islamization in Java island has, more or less, influenced the mindset  of javanese people, including the people of Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat. Once islamized, the Sultanate has adapted islamic teachings and made them as a part of its cultural mindset. In this stage, the acculturation has been done succesfully. Such acculturation has subsequently influenced their view on cosmology, which is different from—and does not reflect—Hinduism’s and Buddhism’s cosmology. The use of title Senopati ing Alaga Sayidin Panatagama Khalîfatullah by the sultans of Yogyakarta clearly indicates that they respect the old concept. Since the advent of Islam, javanese culture, including the culture of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, has been subsequently islamized.
Pemaknaan Kalimat Lâ Ilâh Illâ Allâh Menurut Said Nursi
Authors: Anam Ahsanul
Published: December 2015

This article explores the ideas of Said Nursi meaning of the phrase “Lâ ilâh illa Allâh”. The article concludes that God is perfect and He is there without a cause, because if there is a reason for him that means the dependency does not make perfect. God was the first manifestation of the most sublime. Therefore, God is the substance most original and ever-present. His essence itself be a sufficient cause for the manifestation of His eternity. For Said Nursi, the human mind may not be able to understand God directly. Therefore, there needs to be an explanation of God’s creation. Nursi interpret the phrase la ilaha illallah which makes everything that exists in this universe like a meaningful pieces that reflect the unity of God as Rabb al-‘Âlamîn. By knowing his creation, it will be easy to know God.
Menggagas Teologi Perdamaian Sunnî-Shî‘ah di Indonesia
Authors: Agil Siradj Said
Published: December 2015

This article tries to analyze the phenomenon of Islamist violence in Indonesia due to the appeal between School of theology as was the case in Sampang, Madura. The conflict occurs because the Muslims can no longer recognize the differences between them, so that violence is a means of final settlement. Therefore, in this paper the author will try decoding problems between Sunni’s and Shiite’s School in Indonesia that I could find a way to peace. Because Sunni-Shi‘ite actually are brothers who were born on the basis of the spirit of keeping the truth and glorifying the Islam thoroughly in various parts of the world. In this way, Muslims should be able to put this difference as the good graces and blessings of life.
Pemikiran Tauhid Âyât Allâh Murtadâ Mutahharî
Authors: Safii Safii
Published: December 2015

This article explores the ideas of Murtadâ Mutahharî, Shî‘ah thinkers, about his thoughts of tawheed. By using the analytical methods of genealogical and critical, this article concludes that the thought of Mut}ahharî besides not entirely the same as the Mu‘tazilah who deny the existence of God’s attributes in addition to his substance, is also not in line with Ash‘arîyah who believes in the existence properties separate God beside his substance, but between the two completely fused integrally. It shows that he is not completely unaffected by the Mu‘tazilah and Ash‘arîyah. Similarly, the act of thinking about tawheed (tawhid fî al-Af‘âl), where he was influenced by Ash‘arîyah, although the effect is not as big as the levels derived from Mu‘tazilah.
Menguji Autentisitas Akademik Orientalis dalam Studi Islam
Authors: Hamim Thoha
Published: December 2015

This article seeks to objectify our understanding in the term of Orientalist, in addition we test the authenticity of the studies that have been developed by the Orientalists. Critics of Orientalism is actually done by Western scholars indicate the passage of the principle of freedom of thought which underlies the research activities of academics in the West. With such academic freedom, the scholars had to deconstruct the Orientalist negative thoughts about Islam, though the thought is already crystallized into a mainstream standard. Institutional development of Islamic studies in the West in recent decades has experienced a change in orientation, to adjust to his position as a medium to establish understanding between program participants across cultural boundaries, traditions, and religion. Nevertheless, suspicion of the activities of Islamic studies in the West is carried out by Muslim students still exists as a precautionary catch against the possibility of erosion of confidence.
Positivisme dan Non-Positivisme dalam Jurisprudensi
Authors: Biyanto Biyanto
Published: December 2015

This article discusses about trend positivism and non-positivism paradigm in jurisprudence. This topic is important because discourse in social philosophy always relies on the rationality of whole arguments. The argument of justification is preceded through deductive reasoning, starting from paradigmatic premise that will be used to justify conclusion. Paradigmatic premise is the basic principles of truth which is believed to be the real truth. The real truth derives from personal experience in reflecting facts found in daily activities. In contemporary context of jurisprudence, there is a fierce battle between legal profesionals with its positivist paradigm (legal or formal law approach) and legal profesionals with its non-positivistic paradigm (legal morale substance approach). Many critics on positivism were responded by efforts to reform law through social movements. Social realist movement derives from diverse reality of socio-cultural configuration, within national life, will be significant when the movement is massively done, and supported by two pilars of civil society and political power. This opposition movement shall be continuously done to against the established side. The well established community has authority upon whole legal institution and usually will utilize all its power structures in order to maintain their interest.
Afiliasi Mazhab Fiqh Tarekat Shâdhilîyah di Jombang
Authors: Zuhdi Zaenu
Published: December 2015

This article attempts to look at the fiqh school affiliation of Shâdhilîyah Tariqa in Jombang which has certain patterns of worship. A set of rituals conducted by the adherents of this Tariqa show that they conducted the rituals in accordance with Shâfi‘î school. However, in some cases there are few things which are quite different from the Shâfi‘î school. There are two possible causes. First, the adherents of the Tariqa follow the opinion of their murshid. Second, they follow the opinion of other three Sunni schools, i.e. Hanafi, Mâlikî, and Hanbalî, though it is insignificant. Different ways of performing ritual occur when the murshid issues fatwa on different opinion from the Shâfi‘î school. It means that as long as the murshid does not issue the fatwa which is different from the Shâfi‘î school, the majority of the adherents remain affiliate to it. Furthermore, when the adherents study fiqh more deeply and compare the fiqh schools, they follow the stongest argument of the schools eventough it is not Shâfi‘î school. However, this phenomenon is rarely happen for the adherents of the Shâdhilîyah Tariqa in Jombang as their knowledge in fiqh is not deep enough. Their affiliated school of fiqh is mosty influenced by the social and cultural conditions surrounding them as well as their education and religious knowledge.
Keywords: Shâdhilîyah Tariqa, Shâfi‘î school, affiliation, murshid.