bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) as treatment plans for head and neck tumours
Authors: Abd Al-Taj Abd Ali Khaleel  , Siham Sabah Abdullah  , Sabbar Shukri Al-Bayaty  , Nabaa Mohammad Ali Alazawy  , Abdulrahman Mohammed Abdulbaqi
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To compare intensity-modulated radiation therapy with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy 3DCRTwith respect to dose coverage for target volume.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Amal National Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from November 2020 to March 2021 and comprised patients with head and neck cancerous tumours. The patients underwent computed tomography scans, and were subsequently subjected to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment planning techniques on the basis of Monaco 5.1. The oncologist selected the better plan depending on evaluation parameters for each patient who was then irradiated with X-ray treatment. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: There were 30 patients, 17 (57%) females and 13 (43%) males with the age range of 19-45 years. Of the total, 28 received chemotherapy and 6 patients underwent brain surgery. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy resulted in significant coverage of the tumour than the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in phase 1 (p<0.00001) and phase II (p=0.0023). The intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique achieved a lower homogeneity value (p=0.0004) and higher conformity value (p<0.00001) than three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy. In phase II, no significant homogeneity index was found between the two therapies (p=0.072). The intensity-modulated radiation therapy showed significantly better conformity compared to three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (p<0.00001).
Conclusion: The intensity-modulated radiation therapy significantly improved coverage, plan conformity, and humongous dose distribution for head and neck tumours compared to the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy 3DCRT.
Key Words: Radiotherapy, Monaco, X-Rays, Radiotherapy, Conformal, Head and Neck, Tomography, Brain
Simultaneous integrated boost-intensity modulated radiation therapy (SIBIMRT) planning for pelvic tumours: dose coverage to target volume and normal tissue sparing
Authors: Marwa Ali Hussein  , Siham Sabah Abdullah  , Hadeel Kamil Abdullah  , Abdulrahman Mohammed Abdulbaqi  , Sura Abdul Kareem Madlool
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the better radiotherapy plan for pelvic tumours that may achieve a high target coverage dose and low normal tissue tolerance dose using simultaneous integrated boost-intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique.Method: The analytical, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 at Al-Amal National Hospital for Cancer Treatment, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised male pelvic cancer patients aged 50-80 years. Computed tomography scans were randomly selected. For each patient, 4 treatment plans (phases I and II) were generated using the simultaneous integrated boost-intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique while keeping all parameters constant except the number of beams, which were 5, 7, 9 and 11. The optimal and safe dose was defined as the one to cover 95% planning target volume. Homogeneity and conformity indices were used to assess the uniformity of dose distribution in the target volume, and various treatment plans in the same patient were compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.Results: There were 15 males with mean age 67.12±2.84 years. There was a significant variance in the target volume dose and organ at risk in the 4 different plans generated using the simultaneous integrated boost-intensitymodulated radiation therapy technique (p<0.05). The 9-beam treatment plan was the best for coverage of tumours and protection of healthy organs assessed through homogeneity and conformity indices (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The 9-beam treatment plan showed significant tumour coverage, homogeneity and conformity values, and sparing dose for organs at risk.Key Words: Pelvic, Tomography, Radiotherapy, Radiation
Melasma removal using Q-Switched Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet laser toning and high-intensity focussed ultrasound
Authors: Shahad Abdulhadi  , Mustafa Salih Al Mousawi  , Wissam Majeed Kattoof
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of combining high-intensity focussed ultrasound and a Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet 1064nm low-fluence toning laser in the treatment of melasma.
Method: The experimental study was conducted from November 2020 to August 2021 at the medical physics laboratory, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised individuals of either gender aged >25 years having mixed form melasma in malar and forehead areas. Each participant received high-intensity focussed ultrasound treatment on the right side. After 2 weeks, Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet 1064nm low-fluence toning laser was applied to the melasma patches 4 times at one-week intervals. Melasma area and severity index scores were noted at baseline and at each visit for each patient. Visual analogue scale was used for objective evaluation. After the 4 laser sessions, all the patients completed a 3-month follow-up. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Of the 25 subjects, 15(60%) were females and 10(40%) were males. The overall mean age was 41.6±8.46 years (range: 22-60 years). There was a significant improvement with high-intensity focussed ultrasound (p<0.05). In the 3rd laser session, there was a significant difference in melasma area and severity index score of 2.48 for the right side and 3.12 for the left side (p<0.05). In the 4th session, there was a significant difference in melasma area and severity index score of 1.68 for the right side and 2 for the left side (p<0.05). No post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or rebound was noted.
Conclusion: High-intensity focussed ultrasound combined with toning laser was more effective than Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet 1064nm low-fluence laser alone in removing difficult melasma from the malar area in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th sessions, and from the forehead in the 3d and 4th sessions.
Key Words: Aluminum, Neodymium, Melanosis, Yttrium
Ultrasound image smoothing based on adaptive and non-adaptive filters
Authors: Heba Khudhair Abbas  , Haidar Jawad Mohamad  , Khloud Falih Abbas
Published: October 2024

Objective: To model adaptive and non-adaptive filters to ensure smooth ultrasound images.Method: The comparative study was conducted at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Al Mustansiriyah University,Baghdad, Iraq, in 2019, and comprised ultrasound images of kidney (303x208 pixel) and foetus (111x109 pixel).These images were smoothed based on 8 filters; 1 non-adaptive (median), and 7 adaptive enhanced filters (Gamma,Wiener, Lee, Frost, Kuan, Adaptive Lee and Adaptive Frost). They were applied to the images by windows measuring3x3, 5x5, 7x7. The additive noise and the multiplicative noise factor were calculated using histogram to determinethe noise type for each image. Statistical criteria included mean square error, normalised absolute error and signalto-noise ratio.Result: The relationship between noise ratio and filter type showed that Wiener was the best filter and the bestsliding window was 3x3. The worst filters were Gamma, EFrost and Kuan.Conclusion: The relationship between sliding window size and noise ratio for all the smoothing filters clearlyidentified the best filter for the type of noise.Key Words: Kidney, Fetus, Ultrasonography, Smoothing
Assessment of tracheobronchial and lung dose due to radon and thoron inhalation
Authors: Shatha Farhan Alhous  , Ansam Fadil Showard  , Shaymaa Awad Kadhim
Published: October 2024

The main sources of natural background radiation are radon, thoron and their progeny, which may cause health risks to humans. Keeping in mind the importance of the subject, three samples each from 10 selected residential areas, including the centre of Babylon Governorate, Iraq, and its districts, were collected. Concentration of radon and thoron was measured using solid-state track detectors (CR-39). The arithmetic means of the concentration of radon and thoron were 47.367±19.56 and 133.246±16.585 Bqm-3, respectively; these values are considered safe when compared with the upper referencelevel of 200-600 Bqm-3 recommended by the International Commission for Radiological Protection(ICRP). The value of the inhalation equivalent dose from radon gas discovered in these areas with rate 37.893 nSv is less than the value of the global average of 1.15 mSv. This indicates that the risks related to inhalation of radon are low as the lung dose rate (DLung), tracheobronchial region (DT-B), annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) is (1.894 nGyh-1, 22.736 nSv, 0.236 mSvy-1 and 0.835 x10-3), respectively. While the value of the inhalation equivalent dose (IED) from thoron as effective dose to lung DLung, AED and ELCR are equal to (0.133 nSv, 0.167 mSvy-1 and 0.587 x 10-3), respectively. To conclude, the rates in the study area are less than the ICRP recommended level of 3 mSv; therefore, the studied areas are safe from the health risks of inhalation of radon and thoron.Key Words: Radiation, Radon, Lung,
Evaluation of functional outcome using dual plating in treatment of intra-articular distal humerus fractures in adults
Authors: Mohammed Jaffer Jawad Al-Musawei  , Mohamed Abdul Aziz  , Ahmed Sarhan Mzyon
Published: October 2024

Of all the humerus fractures in adults, 30% are of the distal end of the bone. The dual plate is strong biomechanically. The current study was conducted at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, between July 1, 2019 to July 1, 2021 to study the role of dual plating in intra-articular distal humerus fractures.Included were 20 adult patients, all with intra articular fracture of the distal humerus and treated and evaluatedby open reduction and internal fixation technique using dual locking plating. Clinically the final results wereassessed using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). The final results were observed to be excellent in12 (60 %), good in 6 (30%), fair in 2 (10 %) patients, with no poor results recorded. One patient had transient ulnar neuropraxia which recovered spontaneously after six weeks and one patient developed superficial skininfection which responded to antibiotic treatment. The mean of MEPS was significantly higher after six monthsand one year than that after two weeks, two months, and four months of operation.Keywords: Elbow, Distal, Articular, Fractures, Humeral, Humerusb
Molecular identification of Hypomyces chrysospermus mycoparasitic fungus isolated from mushrooms in a local market of Iraq
Authors: Noor Talib Hamdan
Published: October 2024

In this study, mycoparasitic fungus was identified byusing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer barcodemarker, i.e. ITS rDNA gene. Amplicons were sequencedand identified by NCBI – BLAST (Basic local alignmentsearch tool). The BLAST results revealed that NOOR strainmatched 100% with accession numbers [MH854754.1].The phylogenetic tree shows close relationship betweenNOOR strain and H. chrysospermus [MH854754-1], H.chrysospermus [MZ389105-1], H. chrysospermus [MK605327-1], H. chrysospermus [MT595227-1], H. [EU816370-1], H.chrysospermus [MG685885-1].The Iraqi isolate was recorded as NOOR strain in theNational Centre for Biotechnology Information for thefirst time in Iraq.Keywords: Hypomyces chrysospermus, Phylogeny, DNA,Ribosomal, Biotechnology
Fabrication of a cell irradiation technique by alpha-particles using allyl diglycol carbonate (ADC) detector and micro-capillary tubes
Authors: Runas Yakup Sula  , Asaad Hamid Ismail
Published: October 2024

Objective: To study the impact of micro-alpha irradiation collimator with a specific design to irradiate specific normal or up-normal cells using capillary tubes and nuclear track detector type CR-39.
Method: The in vitro experimental study was conducted at radiobiology Lab, of the Physics department, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq from February to April 2022. Several alpha irradiation collimators were calibrated using allyl diglycol carbonate to fabricate a suitable blood cell irradiation technique. Time of irradiation and alpha particle energy were calibrated. Healthy blood samples of Albino rats and cancer blood samples were used to assess the applicability of the fabricated cell irradiation technique. The Rats were divided into intervention and control groups. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 28.
Results: Of the 15 healthy, male Albino rats having a mean weight of 230±12g each, there were 12(80%) in the intervention group and 3(20%) in the control group. Microcapillary tubes with suitable diameters had high stability for deposition of a sufficient density of alpha particles on the surface of allyl diglycol carbonate and blood samples. The optimum time of irradiation that had a significant (p<0.05) effect was 20 sec corresponding to alpha energy 4.5MeV.
Conclusion: Low irradiation time had significant impact of alpha particles on the average percentage of lymphocyte and neutrophil cells.
Key Words: Neutrophils, Neoplasms, Radiobiology, Carbonates, Lymphocytes
Evaluation of the protective dose-dependent effect of metformin for induced osteoarthritis in rats
Authors: Ali Kadhim Challab Al-Buhadily  , Ali Ismail Abdulla Al-Gareeb
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the potential protective effect of metformin against osteoarthritis development in rats.
Method: The experimental study was conducted at the Iraqi Centre for Cancer Research and Medical Genetics, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, from December 2021 to February 2022, and comprised male Sprague-Dawley mice who were divided into 5 equal groups: negative control group, osteoarthritis group subjected to monoiodoacetate induction, positive control group treated with celecoxib 30mg/kg, metformin 100mg/kg group, and metformin 200mg/kg group. Body mass index, inflammatory biomarkers, and serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type II collagen levels were noted for all the animals. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Of the 35 mice, 7(20%) were in each of the 5 groups. Compared to the osteoarthritis group, metformin-treated mice showed significantly reduced body mass index, inflammatory biomarker levels, and blood levels of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type II collagen (p=0.05). Metformin 200mg/kg treatment had more beneficial effects than 100mg/kg dose on inflammatory biomarkers and serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type II collagen (p=0.05).
Conclusions: A beneficial protective effect against the onset of osteoarthritis was produced by metformin in a dose-dependent way. Additionally, metformin could lessen cartilage damage as demonstrated by a decrease in the serum levels of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type II collagen in the osteoarthritis group.
Key Words: Collagen, Celecoxib, Osteoarthritis, Metformin, Cartilage
Evaluation of concurrent use of Vitamin C and Niclosamide against methotrexate-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Zainab Zeki  , Ali Ismail Abdulla Al-Gareeb
Published: October 2024

Objective: To examine the effect of using vitamin C and niclosamide together on liver damage caused by methotrexate.
Method: The study was conducted at the Pharmacology Department and the Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, College of Medicine, Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq, from November 2020 to July 2021, and comprised albino mice who were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Group 1 comprised controls, groups 2 to 5 was received methotrexate, niclosamide 70mg/kg/day, vitamin C 100mg/kg/day, and a combination of niclosamide and vitamin C, respectively. Mice in groups 3, 4 and 5 also received an intraperitoneal injection of methotrexate 20mg/kg to induce hepatotoxicity. After 48 hours of the injection, the mice were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia. Cardiac blood samples were drawn for biochemical examination. The liver, after being washed, was divided into two parts; one part was taken for histological examination, and the other was preserved in formalin 10% for histopathological analyses. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.
Results: Of the 35 mice, there were 7(20%) in each of the 5 groups. The overall age ranged between 9-12 weeks and weight between 18-38gm. The results show significant hepatoprotection ( p-value <0.05) produced by both niclosamide and Vitamin C separately, reflected by a decrease in ALP, ALT, and LDH, while the combination of (niclosamide and Vitamin C) showed no additive effect (p>0.05)  on enhancement of liver function.
Conclusion: Niclosamide alone was found to be superior than in combination with vitamin C for treating methotrexate-induced liver damage.
Key Words: Methotrexate, Chloroform, Niclosamide, Intraperitoneal, Liver, Formaldehyde
Histological and histochemical study of effect of dietary fibre in motility of stomach in male mice
Authors: Khulood Ayad Majeed  , Haider Abdal-Rasool Jaafar  , Hussein Abbas Jarullah
Published: October 2024

Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary fibres and muscularis externa layer.Method: The experimental study was conducted at the Anatomy Department of the College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq, from November 2020 to April 2021, and comprised adult healthy males. They were divided randomly into experimental group A and control group B. Group A was fed high-fibre diet, and group B was fed standard pellet diet. The tissue samples were harvested at day 30 post-surgery. The stomach samplings were placed in 10% neutral formalin for 24 hours to obtain paraffin sections for routine histological and immunohistochemical staining. The protein expression in stomach’s smooth muscle of each group was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.Result: Of the 20 mice, 10(50%) were in each of the two groups. Group A exhibited significant weight-gaincompared to group B (p less than or equal to 0.01). There was significant reduction in the thickness of the muscularis layer in group A compared to group B (p less than or equal to 0.01). Anoctamin 1 expression in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (p less than or equal to 0.01).Conclusion: The stress induced by an unstable fibre diet significantly affected the stomach by decreasing themuscularis layer thickness and Anoctamin 1 expression in interstitial cells of Cajal.Key Words: Anoctamin, Paraffin, Cajal, Formaldehyde
Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin alone or in combination with vitamin C in methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in mice
Authors: Dhekra Hasan Khudair  , Ali Ismail. Al-Gareeb
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin and/or vitamin C in methotrexate-inducedhepatotoxicity.Method: The experimental study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and theIraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq, from Nov 12, 2020, toJune 1, 2021, and comprised Swiss albino female mice aged 3-4 months and weighing 30-40g each. The mice weredivided into 5 groups and treated for 10 days. Group 1 received distilled water, group 2 received single-dosemethotrexate on the 10th day of the trial, group 3 was treated with curcumin plus methotrexate, group 4 wastreated with vitamin C plus methotrexate, and group 5 was treated with curcumin and vitamin C plus methotrexate.Parameters measured were serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase andlactate dehydrogenase, as well as hepatic tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Data wasanalysed using SPSS 16.Results: There were 35 mice; 7(20%) in each of the 5 groups. Hepatoprotection produced by curcumin as reflectedby a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels was significant (p<0.05). Vitamin C alsoproduced a significant hepatoprotection, demonstrated by a decrease in alanine aminotransferase, alkalinephosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels. The combination of curcumin and vitamin Creflected an additive effect demonstrated by a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (p<0.05).Conclusion: Curcumin and/or vitamin C provided hepatoprotection against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicitythrough modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers.Key Words: Phosphatase, Transaminase, Curcumin, Methotrexate, Oxidative Stress, Ascorbic, Glutathione, Liver,Dismutase, Aminotransferases, Dehydrogenases, Malondialdehyde
Analysis of The Architecture and Decoration of Isfahan Masjid-E Jameh in Syntactic Dimension
Authors: Akat Reyhan , Çakıroğlu Birgül
Published: October 2024

In this research, the general architectural features and decorations of the Friday Mosque of İsfahan, Iran, which belongs to the 11th century Great Seljuk State period, one of the most important works of Islamic architecture, are examined. This mosque, which is also called Atiq Mosque, Masjid-e Jameh and Great Mosque today, is among the most important structures that have witnessed hundreds of years of history. This study on the expressibility of the semantic dimension of the structure in the syntactic dimension is important in terms of its contribution to the literature. For this purpose, information about the Great Seljuk mosque architecture and the historical development process of Friday Mosque in terms of architecture is given and the subject and purpose of the researches on this mosque are stated. Then, the method to be used in expressing the architectural structure and decorations in the syntactic dimension is explained. In order to obtain the data about the mosque, on-site visual-observation and examination technique and photography technique were used. Basic design principles were used in the analysis of the data. As a result, the architectural features and ornamental motifs used in this mosque, which is an important mosque of the Great Seljuk period, have been revealed with this method. The findings obtained about the structure and ornaments can be used in religious buildings as well as other architectural structures, ornaments, clothing, furniture and decoration
Behind the Scenes: How Logistics Shape Space Fantasy Science Fiction Narratives
Authors: Paché Gilles
Published: October 2024

This research note explores how logistics, though often overlooked, is a central element in space fantasy science fiction narratives. In Frank Herbert’s Dune, the spice—essential for interstellar travel—demonstrates how logistics influences space geopolitics. Star Wars highlights the logistical challenges involved in managing an intergalactic empire, from constructing the Death Stars to coordinating rebel fleets. In Star Trek, space exploration depends on intricate logistics to sustain ships, space stations, and diplomatic relations. Finally, Isaac Asimov’s Foundation illustrates how the collapse of logistics can lead to the downfall of an intergalactic empire. These films and novels reveal that logistics extends beyond mere materials and operations management; it becomes a key question of survival, power, and stability within these fictional universes. Science fiction narratives not only offer insights into future logistics but also prompts reflection on contemporary challenges in supply chain and infrastructure management.
Comparison Of The Motivation Differences Between Script Teaching Mode And Traditional Teaching Mode For International Business Students in Guangdong Communication Polytechnic
Authors: Weiwei Tu  , Mohamad Jafre Bin Zainol Abidin  , Fengfeng Zhang  , Weizhi Chen
Published: October 2024

This study examined the differences in motivation between two classes at Guangdong Communication Polytechnic. One class was taught using a traditional teaching method, while the other was instructed using a script teaching mode. This article will explore the motivational differences observed between the two groups. Students completed the Questionnaire of International Business Motivation, which consists of 30 Likert-type questions designed to assess their motivations for studying international business. This questionnaire, adapted from Glynn (2009), aims to provide valuable insights for international business educators and researchers. Motivation in this context was conceptualized through five dimensions: internal motivation and personal relevance, self-efficacy and test anxiety, autonomy, career motivation, and degree motivation (Glynn, 2009). Students initially filled out the questionnaire before the class began and then completed it again after the class had concluded. The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences between the two classes in terms of exam anxiety, self-confidence, autonomy, personal relevance, external motivation, and internal motivation (p < 0.05). Class 3, which adopted the new teaching model, demonstrated superior performance across all these dimensions. In contrast, Class 4, which followed the traditional teaching model, showed notably lower levels in these areas.
An Economic Analysis of Coal Pricing in Mongolia
Authors: Surmaajav Lkhaakhuu
Published: October 2024

Coal is a critical export for Mongolia, playing a significant role in the nation’s economy by contributing to GDP and export revenues. This paper provides an economic analysis of coal pricing in Mongolia, examining the primary factors that drive price fluctuations in both domestic and international markets. Key areas of focus include global demand, particularly from neighboring China, transportation costs, government policies, currency exchange rates, and environmental regulations. The paper employs a mixed-method approach, analyzing historical price data alongside policy reviews to identify the challenges and opportunities Mongolia faces in stabilizing coal prices. Global coal demand, especially from China, has a profound effect on Mongolian coal prices, while infrastructure limitations and transportation costs further exacerbate price volatility. Additionally, Mongolia’s coal sector is influenced by international competition, particularly from established exporters like Australia and Indonesia, which benefit from more developed supply chains. This research aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders by offering recommendations on how Mongolia can enhance price stability and strengthen its position in the global coal market. By analyzing the economic forces shaping Mongolian coal prices, the study contributes to broader discussions on resource management and economic sustainability in coal-dependent economies. The findings will aid policymakers in developing strategies that address Mongolia's infrastructure challenges and ensure the long-term viability of its coal industry in the face of evolving global energy dynamics.
Congruences of factor solutions of quantitative indicators for understanding the written form of deaf children's communication through the use of words types
Authors: Salkić Naim , Povlakić Hadžiefendić Meliha
Published: October 2024

In deaf students, there is no contextual understanding and recognition of word types through linguistic competence testing compared to the hearing population, because 67.10% do not understand, and 10.00% of deaf respondents partially understand the contextual application of word types in a written text task. In written communication, deaf students use nouns (65.70%), pronouns (34.30%), verbs (45.7%), adjectives (28.60%), adverbs (22.90%), prepositions (54.30%), exclamations (15.70%), particles (12.90%) and numbers (32.90%). The aim of the study was to examine the factor solutions of quantitative indicators of contextual understanding of the word’s types used and the relation of isolated factors of the words types words in the written text task of deaf students. The study was conducted on a sample of 140 respondents. The first subsample of respondents, the experimental group consisted of 70 deaf students, and the second subsample, the control group of 70 hearing students, of the same chronological age and gender. The measurement instrument “Test of comprehension of the written form of expression” was applied. The collected data were processed using the method of oblique rotation and the method of factor analysis. The results of the study showed that the language discourse of the deaf in the quantitative use of word types in the written form of expression is organized significantly differently compared to the hearing population. By factor analysis, three main factors were isolated in the deaf population, and four main factors were isolated in the hearing population. Considering the saturation of variability, it is possible to accurately determine in practice the direction of teaching deaf children the types of words in their native language. Isolated factors are part of separate, statistically unrelated entities in both deaf and hearing respondents and confirm the justification of successive teaching of the deaf respondents according to the types of words that are present in the comparative analysis of hearing respondents.
Is Common Denominator Lead to Misdiagnosis of Dementia and Late-Life Depression
Authors: Göktaş Seyyide Şifa
Published: October 2024

Significant cognitive impairments are found in late life depression. This situation brings to mind the question of what are the common and distinct mechanisms of late life depression and dementia. In this review, neural and psychological mechanism are discussed within the scope of denominator and hallmark for both disorders. It is searched several databases e.g. MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection from 1974 to 2024 by using variant terms for the focal epilepsy subtypes and social cognition constructs. The pathology of dementia was correlated with late-life depression Studies indicate that depression may be an etiological factor for dementia as well as an increased risk. Also, many life-related stressors can lead to results such as increased reactive oxygen species, inflammatory responses, suppression of neurogenesis, and apical dendritic atrophy and altered functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Based on this, it is possible to say that psychological stress factors increase the incidence of the disease in the development of dementia, just like in depression. Late depression should not be labeled as dementia because of they share similar symptoms and should be evaluated clinically correct so that it is not misdiagnosed. Besides, it is substantial to comprehend the relationship between the aging population and the risk of depression and dementia for current and future studies, especially in terms of prevention and treatment.
State-of-the-Art Probabilistic Solar Power Forecasting: A Structured Review
Authors: Abdul Rahman Noor Hasliza , Sulaiman Shahril Irwan , Hussin Mohamad Zhafran , Hairuddin Muhammad Asraf , Mat Saat Ezril Hisham , Khirul Ashar Nur Dalila
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the installed capacity increment with regard to solar power generation has been highlighted as a crucial role played by Photovoltaic (PV) generation forecasting in integrating a growing number of distributed PV sites into power systems. Nevertheless, because of the PV generation’s unpredictable nature, deterministic point forecast methods struggle to accurately assess the uncertainties associated with PV generation. This paper presents a detailed structured review of the state-of-the-art concerning Probabilistic Solar Power Forecasting (PSPF), which covers forecasting methods, model comparison, forecasting horizon and quantification metrics. Our review methodology leverages the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach to systematically identify primary data sources, focusing on keywords such as probabilistic forecasting, Deep Learning (DL), and Machine learning (ML). Through an extensive and rigorous search of renowned databases such as SCOPUS and Web of Science (WoS), we identified 36 relevant studies (n=36). Consequently, expert scholars decided to develop three themes: (1) Conventional PSPF, (2) PSPF utilizing ML, and (3) PSPF using DL. Probabilistic forecasting is an invaluable tool concerning power systems, especially regarding the rising proportion of renewable energy sources in the energy mix. We tackle the inherent uncertainty of renewable generation, maintain grid stability, and promote efficient energy management and planning. In the end, this research contributes to the development of a power system that is more resilient, reliable, and sustainable.
Navigating the Ethical Landscape of ChatGPT Integration in Scientific Research: Review of Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Waduge Anushka Osadhi , Kulasooriya Waruna Kulasooriyalage Virajini Jayathma Bandara , Ranasinghe Rochana Sheshan Sarathchandra , Ekanayake Imesh , Rathnayake Upaka , Meddage Don Pasindu Piumal
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the transformative potential of incorporating ChatGPT into academic research while addressing consequential challenges and ethical concerns. The chatbot, as a large language model (LLM), allows users to interact with it, providing advantages in the academic research context. The benefits of real-time interaction, information synthesis, and language generation have the potential to modernize how researchers engage with and extract insights from vast amounts of data. Additionally, ChatGPT demonstrates a strong command of programming languages, which is highly relevant in modern research related to machine learning and artificial intelligence. However, it still has certain limitations, such as the potential for generating fake citations and issues related to plagiarism. Users need to be aware of these limitations. Therefore, researchers must be careful regarding the potential and limitations of ChatGPT, as it can improve efficiency but may decrease the quality of work if misused. This study recommends guidelines in academic research for using LLMs like ChatGPT. Overall, it's not ChatGPT that downgrades the quality of academic work; rather, it's the irresponsible use of ChatGPT that does it.
 
Received: 25 April 2024 | Revised: 19 July 2024 | Accepted: 29 July 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Anushka Osadhi Waduge: Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft. Waruna Kulasooriyalage Virajini Jayathma Bandara Kulasooriya: Software, Validation, Resources, Visualization. Rochana Sheshan Sarathchandra Ranasinghe: Software, Validation, Resources, Visualization. Imesh Ekanayake: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft. Upaka Rathnayake: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration. Don Pasindu Piumal Meddage: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration.
Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy at a developing paediatric rheumatology clinic in Trinidad and Tobago: a case series
Authors: Latchan Zafir , Ali Shanice , Chin-Kong Patrick , Dyaanand Haramnauth
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy (JIIM) is a rare autoimmune disorder with no published data from the English-speaking Caribbean. As such, we seek to produce the first dataset from Trinidad and Tobago on this condition.

Methods
Clinical notes of patients with JIIM, who attended the recently formed Paediatric Rheumatology Multi-Disciplinary Clinic over a 6-month period at the San Fernando Teaching Hospital were analysed. Clinically inactive disease at last visit was also assessed from the patients’ notes.

Results
5 patients clinical records were reviewed in this period. 4 were female and average age of onset was 6.8 years. 4 cases were Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM). The most common presenting complaints were skin rash and weakness whilst the most common additional symptoms were joint pains and pruritis. 2 patients had previous upper respiratory tract infection. Creatine Kinase was extremely elevated in one patient with juvenile polymyositis. 3 were positive for Antinuclear Antibodies. 2 patients were positive for Extractable Nuclear Antigen antibody (RP155). 3 patients utilized MRI which detected myositis in all reports. Oral medications included methotrexate and prednisolone. Parenteral drugs used included intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone. 4 patients had vitamin D supplementation and all 5 were prescribed physiotherapy. 2 had clinically inactive disease at last visit.

Conclusions
This represents the first case series of JIIM in the English-Speaking Caribbean. Recommendations from this study include greater utilization of MRI in diagnostic workup and further evaluating anti RP155 antibody as a possible myositis associated antibody.
Digital transformation and healthcare innovation in the Caribbean
Authors: Noël Jonathan , Basdeo Damian
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Healthcare systems across the globe vary in their strengths and also areas for improvement. There is a paradigm shift in the efficiency of data processing and healthcare decision-making. This is due to the digital transformation including the increasing use of electronic medical record (EMR) systems. One of the obstacles in implementing digital transformation in the Caribbean is cost. According to the Inter-American Developmental Bank (IDB), healthcare will be positively impacted and the cost to productivity will decrease long term. This has benefits for the Caribbean, by improving operations, boosting clinical efficiency and decreasing the requisite government expenditure. The ultimate aim is to provide Caribbean patients a robust service that is commensurate with 21st century global practice.

Keywords:
healthcare, innovation, optimisation, electronic medical records, artificial intelligence, machine learning
Crisis – Challenge – Coherence: Combining Universal Design for Learning and Sense of Coherence
Authors: Lavrysh Yuliana , Ruhlow Daniel
Published: October 2024

The study investigates the effectiveness of using the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) approach as a trauma-sensitive pedagogy strategy in higher education. By integrating the concepts of UDL and Salutogenesis, we aimed to develop a tool that promotes healthy learning, problem-solving, and motivation among students. Salutogenesis emphasizes the development of a Sense of Coherence (SoC), which serves as a tool for stress resilience and restoration. To assess the impact of UDL practices on SoC levels, we administered a Sense of Coherence-13 questionnaire before and after implementing UDL practices in English language classes at a polytechnic university. All the students in the study had experienced traumatic events caused by the current crisis in Ukraine. The study focused on demonstrating that UDL practices can serve as a restorative and inclusive tool. The results indicate that the application of UDL practices led to an increase in SoC levels, demonstrating their potential for promoting restoration. Additionally, teacher interviews were conducted to identify the challenges and benefits of implementing UDL practices.
Improving the Long-Term Protection of Buried Steel Tanks: Considering the Impact of Temperature and Extended Sacrificial Anodes
Authors: Shirshahi Mohammad Javad , Chini Seyed Farshid , Taheri Peyman , Mansouri Abraham
Published: October 2024

Corrosion prevention techniques such as cathodic protection (CP) are commonly applied to extend the useful lifetime of buried steel tanks in corrosive environments. Sacrificial anodes effectively supplement CP systems through controlled galvanic corrosion. For buried steel tanks, magnesium-based anodes are regularly used due to suitable current output over extended deployment periods. However, field conditions such as temperature fluctuations and proximity effects between adjacent tanks can influence CP performance. This study numerically simulates the CP of a 3.8 m diameter, 12 m long steel tank which the upper section of the tank is located at a depth of 1 m, protected by uniformly distributed magnesium anodes. To understand the importance of the current output of extended anodes, conventional anodes (i.e., 7.7 kg, 38.7 mA) and extended anodes (i.e., 9 kg, 62.7 mA) were studied. Proximity effects on anodes placed between adjacent buried tanks were also examined. In addition, the influence of temperature and concentration parameters was investigated along with a time-dependent analysis of the protected structure. Under the hottest and coldest conditions, the bottom temperature of the computational domain (in height of 6.8 m) reached 8.7°C and 11.3°C, respectively, with noticeable concentration gradients. The temperature rise necessitated increased protective current, leading to the need for additional sacrificial anodes to meet the demand. The simulation results indicated that the anodes positioned between the two tanks experienced the highest corrosion rate. After 21.5 y, approximately 85% of the mass of these anodes will be lost, with full depletion occurring shortly thereafter. This modeling approach offers valuable insights for selecting the optimal type and placement of anodes, ensuring the long-term integrity of underground infrastructure under varying thermal conditions.
Оценка урожайности крупносеменных образцов чечевицы на основе вегетационных индексов
Authors: Жанзаков Б. Ж. , Кулынтай Ф. К. , Шупанова И. В. , Ошергина И. П. , Тен Е. А.
Published: October 2024

Предпосылка и цель. Использование Геоинформационных систем (ГИС) и данных дистанционного зондирования Земли (ДЗЗ) стало обыденностью. Однако, не во всех отраслях сельского хозяйства они активно применяются. Так, в силу специфики, селекционная работа более скрупулёзна, что в большей степени связано с большим количеством исследуемого материала и маленькими масштабами опытных участков недоступных для ДЗЗ. Но, совершенствование беспилотных летательных аппаратов (далее БПЛА) и навесного оборудования позволяет проводить наземный мониторинг на малых высотах и вести исследование в селекционных питомниках. В связи с этим, была поставлена цель – изучить возможность использования данных ДЗЗ, а именно вегетационных индексов (NDVI, GNDVI, OSAVI, NDRE), для оценки перспективных образцов и линий, на примере чечевицы.
Материалы и методы. Исследования проводились в сухо-степной зоне Северного Казахстана, на южных, карбонатных черноземах. Объекты исследования 10 образцов и стандартный сорт крупносеменной чечевицы Шырайлы. Наблюдения проводилась дистанционно с помощью аэрофотосъемки, интервалом 1 раз в неделю, с высоты 50 м при скорости полета дрона 1,5-2 м/с и перекрестным перекрытием снимков 70 × 70% с помощью БПЛА Phantom 4 Multispectral, оборудованного 5 канальной мультиспектральной 2 Mп камерой. Обработка аэрофотоснимков и создание ортофотопланов опытного участка осуществлялась в лицензированных программах Agisoft Metashape Professional, DJI Terra и QGIS 3.26.Результаты. Была установлена высокая эффективность использования вегетационных индексов, как дополнительный инструмент оценки, при анализе селекционных посевов. Установлена взаимосвязь между урожайностью и показателями индексов вегетации. Определен период, когда значения вегетационных индексов наиболее объективно отражают формирующуюся урожайность.
Заключение. Установлено, что индексы вегетации и NDVI, в частности, возможно использовать лишь как дополнительный инструмент наравне с другими традиционными методами оценки сортовых признаков сортообразцов. В сложившихся климатических условиях отличия между сортообразцами начали более четко проявляться с периода формирования бобов у чечевицы. Основываясь на показателях индекса NDVI и других индексов вегетации, образцы «Е-149», «Анфия», «Веховская» рекомендуются для вовлечения в селекционный процесс в качестве родительских пар для увеличения урожайности.
Flora to Nano: Sustainable Synthesis of Nanoparticles via Plant-Mediated Green Chemistry
Authors:   Department	of	Chemistry,	Vishwa	Bharti Women College, Rainwari Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Pattoo Tahir Ahmad
Published: October 2024

The increasing demand for nanoparticles in various industries has prompted a revaluation of synthesis methods to align with sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. This article explores the novel approach of green synthesis, specifically utilizing plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents for nanoparticle production. The investigation delves into the methodological intricacies of this process, including the careful selection of plant materials and the subsequent extraction and synthesis procedures. Results demonstrate the successful synthesis of nanoparticles, characterized through various analytical techniques. The discussion highlights the advantages of this green synthesis method, emphasizing its environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and potential for scalable production. Mechanistic insights into the role of plant extracts in the synthesis process are elucidated, contributing to a deeper understanding of the underlying chemical and biological processes. The article concludes by addressing current challenges, proposing avenues for future research, and positioning plant-mediated green synthesis as a promising frontier in the sustainable production of nanoparticles.
Cardiovascular benefits of moderate exercise: A comprehensive review of molecular and physiological mechanisms
Authors: Herve Mwewa Kibwe
Published: October 2024

This comprehensive review examines the cardiovascular benefits of moderate exercise, exploring the molecular and physiological mechanisms through which it reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The study aimed to identify the specific ways in which moderate exercise improves cardiovascular health, focusing on key factors such as endothelial function, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and glucose homeostasis. A thorough review of existing literature was conducted to elucidate the mechanisms and impact of moderate exercise compared to other intensities. The findings highlight that moderate exercise optimizes cardiovascular health by enhancing nitric oxide production, reducing oxidative stress, and improving autonomic function, while also lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Additionally, moderate exercise was shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, crucial for mitigating chronic conditions like atherosclerosis and diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. The review concludes that while high-intensity exercise offers rapid fitness improvements, moderate exercise is more accessible, safer, and sustainable for a broad population. Furthermore, it presents a promising non-pharmacological intervention for CVD prevention. Future research should explore individual variability in exercise responses, the role of skeletal muscle as a secretory organ, and the interaction between exercise and the gut microbiome. The study emphasizes the need for personalized exercise prescriptions and further investigation into the long-term benefits of exercise to optimize public health strategies.
Keywords: Moderate Exercise, Cardiovascular Disease, Endothelial Function, Inflammation, Lipid Metabolism, Exercise Prescription.