bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Future Performance of the Planned Seismic Network in Chinese Mainland
Authors: Li Jiawei , Mignan Arnaud , Sornette Didier , Feng Yu
Published: September 2023

The China Earthquake Administration has currently launched an ambitious nationwide seismicity monitoring network project that will increase the number of stations from ∼950 to 2000 for the broadband seismic stations used to compile the earthquake catalog. The new network is planned to go online by the end of 2023. For more than half of Chinese mainland, the interstation distance of the broadband seismic network will soon be smaller than 100 km, for 27% smaller than 50 km, and for 6% smaller than 25 km. Of all possible ways to characterize the higher-resolution monitoring of the frequent smaller earthquakes expected inside Chinese mainland, the completeness magnitude (Mc) remains one of the most commonly used. Using the prior model of the Bayesian magnitude of completeness method calibrated on the Chinese earthquake catalog from 1 January 2009 to 26 June 2022, we predict the spatial distribution of Mc for the new network based on the planned network configuration. If almost the entire Chinese mainland is at present covered down to Mc=3.3, this threshold will fall to Mc=2.9 in the near future. This means approximately two times more earthquakes will be recorded in the complete catalog available for statistical analysis per year (for a = 6.77 and b = 0.80 in the Gutenberg–Richter law log10N=a−b·M, in which N represents the number of events of magnitude larger than or equal to M and M≥Mc). Based on the observation that abnormal seismicity as precursors are most likely to be observed at least at three units below the mainshock magnitude, and assuming earthquakes to be potentially damaging at M ≥ 5, the new seismic network shall achieve the goal of 76% coverage for optimal seismic-based earthquake prediction research.
Privileges, Wokeness, and Identity Politics
Authors: Rieger-Ladich Markus
Published: September 2023

The discussion of privileges is nothing new within educational science. The term ‘educational privilege’ was already used in the 1960s and 70s to point out how societal elites instrumentalised educational institutions. What is a relatively new phenomenon are the conversations in German-speaking countries about other privileges – such as masculinity, Whiteness and heterosexuality. The term of privilege is being reinterpreted in the context of emancipatory identity politics, and turned into a slogan in political debates. This opens up new possibilities for the pedagogical discourse. The essay does not only try to outline those but to point out the dangers of a conversation about privileges which is dominated by moralisation, and where the much needed social criticism is being pushed into the background.
Education is not the Solution: Racism and Abuse of Power in Schools and Universities
Authors: Amjahid Mohamed
Published: September 2023

Education is often presented as the solution to overcome racist structures in our societies. However, there is a lot of abuse of power and racism happening in the education system itself. The more knowledge a person gathers without positioning and reflecting themselves, the bigger the power shift becomes in the frame of institutions such as schools and universities. Author and journalist Mohamed Amjahid shows how racism affects the daily lives of racialized people and underprivileged communities within the education system and how this problem can be tackled.
Gaining Ground: OER at 3 Health Sciences Institutions
Authors: Kirschner Jessica , Monnin Jenn , Andresen Christine
Published: September 2023

Background: Open Educational Resources (OER) are rising in popularity at higher education institutions to help combat high textbook costs. To date, little research has been published discussing the impact of OER in the health sciences context. This comparative case study seeks to fill this gap.
Experience: The article shares OER programs and advocacy efforts at three institutions, including a brief history of OER work, barriers and failures, current successes, and future directions at each institution.
Discussion: All three institutions are making efforts in OER outreach and advocacy, informed and impacted by their institutional community. Two institutions have an OER grant with increasing submissions from health sciences faculty. OER work is completed by one librarian at two of the institutions, while the third completes the work through a committee of stakeholders from across the institution. All cases include OER advocacy and outreach through library workshops and working to establish faculty partnerships. Barriers at all three institutions include a lack of time and funds to dedicate to finding or developing OER. Unique barriers include a desire to work with for-profit companies, concerns over disadvantaging students on their qualifying exams, and the sustainability of institutional efforts in OER.    
Takeaways: Libraries are uniquely situated to support faculty and staff as they incorporate OER into their practices. While health sciences faculty are typically slower to adopt OER, once they do take this step, they become strong advocates for open practices, the librarian, and the library.
Phylogenomics of Fresh and Formalin Specimens Resolves the Systematics of Old World Mud Snakes (Serpentes: Homalopsidae) and Expands Biogeographic Inference
Authors: Bernstein Justin M. , De Souza Hugo , Murphy John , Voris Harold , Brown Rafe , Myers Edward , Harrington Sean , Shanker Kartik , Ruane Sara
Published: September 2023

Our knowledge of the biodiversity of Asia and Australasia continues to expand with more focused studies on systematics of various groups and their biogeography. Historically, fluctuating sea levels and cyclic connection and separation of now-disjunct landmasses have been invoked to explain the accumulation of biodiversity via species pump mechanisms. However, recent research has shown that geological shifts of the mainland and species dispersal events may be better explanations of the biodiversity in these regions. We investigate these processes using the poorly studied and geographically widespread Mud Snakes (Serpentes: Homalopsidae) using a target capture approach of ~4,800 nuclear loci from fresh tissues and supplemental mitochondrial data from formalin tissues from museum specimens. We use these datasets to reconstruct the first resolved phylogeny of the group, identify their biogeographic origins, and test hypotheses regarding the roles of sea-level change and habitat selection on their diversification. Divergence dating and ancestral range estimation yielded support for an Oligocene origin and diversification from mainland Southeast Asia and Sundaland in the rear-fanged group ~20 million years ago, followed by eastward and westward dispersal. GeoHiSSE models indicate that niche expansion of ancestral, rear-fanged lineages into aquatic environments did not impact their diversification rates. Our results highlight that Pleistocene sea-level changes and habitat specificity did not primarily lead to the extant species richness of Homalopsidae and that, alternatively, geological shifts in mainland Southeast Asia may have been a major driver of diversity in this group. We also emphasize the importance of using fresh and degraded tissues, and both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, for filling knowledge gaps in poorly known but highly diverse and conceptually important groups. Here, Homalopsidae represents a non-traditional but effective model study system for understanding transitions between terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments.
The Role of Comorbid Conditions and Socioeconomic Factors in Mortality for Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19
Authors: Redfern Roberta , Arsene Camelia , Dworkin Lance , Singh Shipra , Ambati Amala , Imel Lukken , Williamson Alexandria , Khuder Sadik
Published: September 2023

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic has provided yet another example of how racial and social factors can exacerbate health disparities and disproportionately affect minority populations. The goal of the current study was to understand how some of these factors impacted survival in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Northwest Ohio during the first year of the pandemic.Methods: This study was a retrospective review of patient data from a single health care system. Electronic medical records were queried to obtain information on patients who were admitted to the hospital and had a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection during their admission. Different predictors were included in the final Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results: There were 3468 patients included in the analyses with an all -cause mortality rate of 18.5%. On average, White patients were older on admission with higher rates of mortality than patients who were Black or of “Other” races (19.8% versus 12.5% and 11.0%, respectively, p < .001). Mortality rates varied significantly by insurance status, with the highest mortality rates observed in the Medicare and “Other” categories (27.1% and 16.5%, respectively). Cox proportional hazard regression model also found race and insurance status to be associated with survival.Conclusion: Considering race and preexisting conditions adjusted for age in a cohort of patients with COVID -19 reveals that insurance payor is significantly associated with mortality. Those who did not have commercial or public insurance had significantly increased risk of mortality compared to those with commercial insurance.
Impact of the 2022 Mpox Outbreak on Future Public Health Initiatives in Ohio
Authors: Plakkot Gayathri Kumar , Koka Sanjay , Koka Rohith Suba , Matus Coral
Published: September 2023

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) created a global public health emergency costing the lives of millions, but the advent of COVID-19 vaccination allowed our society to contain infection and morbidity. As global health began to slowly recover in 2022, the emergence of mpox (monkeypox) in the Western world led to fear that global health would soon be under threat by another viral infection. Mpox is known as a viral zoonosis, or a virus transmitted from animals to humans, which presents with symptoms similar to those of smallpox. Mpox and smallpox belong to the orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxvirdae family, however, mpox is less clinically severe than smallpox, the latter being fully eradicated. Transmission occurs when an individual has direct contact with an infected rash, bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, or via fomites. From July 2022 to May 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the mpox outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Therefore, the establishment of treatment guidelines and medication has been widely distributed which include vaccinations based on smallpox and supportive treatments. Most importantly, there are apparent health care disparities in vaccine distribution and treatment which disadvantage Black and Latinx populations, in addition to LGBTQIA+ youth. This review characterizes the human mpox infection and analyzes the impact of mpox in the state of Ohio, with a special focus on tackling the disparities that are disproportionately affecting certain groups.
CIMA Brief #6: How can policy-maker address teacher shortages in disadvantaged schools?
Authors: Bertoni Eleanora , Elacqua Gregory , Marotta Luana , Martínez Matías , Santos Humberto , Soares Sammara
Published: September 2023

Rural, isolated, and low performing urban schools that serve disadvantaged students have difficulty attracting and retaining high-quality teachers.
Voters’ Preferences over the Composition of Fiscal Adjustment: Experimental Evidence from Latin America
Authors: Ardanaz Martín , Hübscher Evelyne , Keefer Philip , Sattler Thomas
Published: September 2023

Despite the regularity with which governments confront the need to make fiscal adjustments, voter attitudes toward competing consolidation strategies are still not well understood. For example, an influential literature finds that voters prefer public spending cuts to tax increases, but little is known about how these preferences depend on the particular taxes and spending categories that politicians choose or on voter characteristics such as income, ideology and trust. Our analysis of experimental data from 8,000 survey respondents across Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Peru confirms that, at the aggregate level, individuals prefer spending-based to tax-based fiscal adjustments. However, these preferences change dramatically depending on which tax and spending adjustments individuals are asked to make. Respondents strongly oppose increases in the personal income tax, but they support or are indifferent toward higher corporate income or value-added taxes. They strongly support public employment cuts but oppose cuts in social assistance. Responses also indicate that a wide range of voter motivations, beyond their pecuniary interests, shape their preferences over fiscal adjustment strategies. Their support not only varies with income, but significantly depends on such non-pecuniary characteristics as ideology and trust in government.
How families matter for understanding economic inequality
Authors: Santos Cezar , Tertilt Michèle
Published: September 2023

In this paper we discuss the importance of families for understanding economic inequality. Family structure can in principle be an amplifier or mitigator of economic inequality. We describe three channels on how families shape economic inequality. First, how people match to form families matters for inequality across families. Second, parental investments in children can amplify existing inequalities across generations. Third, inequality can exist even within families, and the economic environment can shape inequality in consumption and leisure between spouses. In this survey we describe these channels and discuss the related literature.
Surveyor’s manual on the online application of the “NOVA 27 UPF Categories Tracker” and the “24-hour reminder” survey, multi-step method
Authors: Freire Wilma B. , Belmont Philippe , Jiménez Elisa
Published: September 2023

This manual was created to train the surveyors who will be in charge of applying the electronic versions of the “NOVA 27 UPF Categories Tracker” and the “24-hour reminder multi-step method” questionnaires.
Реализация гуманитарно-антропологического подхода в процессе изучения философии через работу с презентацией
Authors: Маслодудова Н.В.
Published: September 2023

В статье анализируется метод работы с презентацией с точки зрения его возможностей реализации гуманитарно-антропологического подхода для современного образования. Автор выделяет особенности данного метода и предлагает варианты его использования в ходе преподавания философии, позволяющие обучающимся становиться активными субъектами процесса образования.
Влияние семейного воспитания на успеваемость учащегося в школе
Authors: Реймер М.В , Маркин А.К. , Доронина А.А.
Published: September 2023

В статье поднимается проблема влияния семейного воспитания на успеваемость учащегося в школе. Авторами анализируется степень изученности данного вопроса в научнопублицистической литературе. В статье описывается собственный опыт наблюдения за учащимся средней общеобразовательной школы, делаются выводы о проделанной работе в виднее тезисов о том, что для повышения успеваемости учащегося недостаточно лишь работы учителя, необходима работа школы с семьей учащегося.
Ключевые особенности преподавания дисциплины «Технология машиностроения»
Authors: Трусова Е.В. , Безуглый Ю.М , Копылов П.В.
Published: September 2023

В статье перечислены ключевые особенности преподавания дисциплины «Технология машиностроения». Учитывая проблематику данного предмета и предлагается уникальный взгляд на организацию учебного процесса. В статье делается упор на методические аспекты. Предлагается ряд инновационных методов обучения, призванных активизировать познавательную деятельность студентов и стимулировать их творческое мышление
Проблема влияния брендов на самореализацию школьников
Authors: Бобкова Е.А. , Наумов М.М. , Васильев А.А.
Published: September 2023

В статье проводится исследование о том, как школьники разных возрастов относятся к брендовым вещам, рассмотрение влияния окружения и брендов
Особенности грамматического структурирования студентов с ведущей лево- или правополушарной стратегией переработки информации
Authors: Букатова Д.В
Published: September 2023

Статья посвящена результатам исследования грамматического структурирования в зависимости от преобладания у студентов разных полушарных стратегий переработки информации. Выявлено, что доминирующая стратегия переработки информации вносит вклад в специфику грамматического структурирования. Полученные новые знания могут быть использованы в педагогике для организации более качественного учебного процесса в высших учебных заведениях.
Влияние стилей семейного воспитания на делинквентное поведение несовершеннолетних осужденных
Authors: Лопунова А.В.
Published: September 2023

При воспитании молодежи родители часто не учитывают реальные потребности своих детей. В условиях эмоциональной депривации стили семейного воспитания оказывают значительное влияние на склонность и возникновение делинквентного поведения несовершеннолетних. Делинквентное поведение несовершеннолетних в первую очередь связано с патологическими семейными условиями и неконструктивными стилями воспитания, которые представляют собой условия почти постоянной депривации. К данной проблеме обращались: А. Абрамова, М. Алемскин, Ю. Антонян, И. Дубровина, Е. Иванов, К. Игошев, Д. Исаев, А. Ковалев, И. Кон, А. Личко, Г. Миньковский, Д. Фельдштейн и др. [2]. В данной статье мы провели теоретическое и эмпирическое исследование стилей семейного воспитания, влияющих на формирование делинквентного поведения несовершеннолетних осужденных.
Развитие эстетики своеобразия в костюме под влиянием субкультурных движений
Authors: Музалевская Ю.Е.
Published: September 2023

Субкультурные молодежные движения ХХ века оказали большое влияние на изменение механизма распространения моды. Тенденции моды впервые стали распространятся не от высших слоев общества к низшим, а наоборот. Запущенный процесс носит необратимый характер, приведший к тому, что образ далекий от ранее принятых эстетических идеалов стал восприниматься как приемлемый в обществе.
Effects of sarcopenia on in-hospital results and mid-term follow-up in patients with coronary artery disease and COVID-19
Authors: ERKAN Merve , ZENGİN İsmet
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Sarcopenia is associated with atherosclerosis, vascular dysfunction, and poor in-hospital prognosis in the general COVID-19 population. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is also associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19, however, the influencing factors in this association have not yet been fully documented. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sarcopenia on both in-hospital acute-term and mid-term follow-up clinical results in patients with CAD and COVID-19.
Methods: The study population was selected from the general COVID-19 population. It consisted of 50 patients with CAD (group I) and 80 age- and gender-matched patients without CAD (group II). In-hospital acute term endpoints were determined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation, mortality, and its combination. Mid-term follow-up was also made for three-month. Sarcopenia was assessed by indexed skeletal muscle mass at T12 vertebrae level (T12-SMI) on initial chest computed tomography. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to detect independently related factors to endpoints.
Results: Group I had more severe COVID-19 disease and a higher rate of hospitalization, ICU admission, intubation as well as mortality compared to group II in acute-term. T12-SMI was lower and sarcopenia was more frequent in group I than in group II. During the three-month mid-term follow-up period, no additional adverse results occurred in both groups. In multivariate regression analysis; sarcopenia was independently related to in-hospital combined endpoint.
Conclusions: Sarcopenia is associated with in-hospital combined endpoint in patients with CAD during acute-term of COVID-19. However, it has no effect on three-month mid-term follow-up.
Gustave roussy immün skor operabl kolorektal kanserli hastalarda prognozu ve sağkalımı öngörebilir mi?
Authors: ONDER Arif Hakan , İLHAN Yusuf , BALÇIK Onur Yazdan , KARAKAYA Gökhan
Published: September 2023

Amaç: Opere olan metastatik olmayan kolorektal kanserli hastalarda, tanı anında bakılan GRIm skorunun, nüks, prognoz ve sağkalım üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çok merkezli retrospektif bir çalışma olarak planlanmış olup, toplam dört farklı merkezden veriler elde edildi. Kliniklerimizdeki hastalar 2010 yılı ile 2023 yılı tarihleri arasında tanı almış hastalardan oluşmaktadır. Gustave Roussy İmmün Skoru (GRIm-Score) belirlenmesi için hastaların operasyon öncesindeki nötrofil, lenfosit, nötrofil/lenfosit oranı (NLR) serum albümin (ALB) ve serum laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH) düzeyleri yanı sıra Kras, Braf mutasyon durumları ve CEA düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Hastalar GRIm skorlarına göre 0-1 düşük ve 2-3 yüksek olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Sonrasında hastalıksız sağkalım ve genel sağkalım analizleri yapıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışma popülasyonumuz tanıda metastatik olmayan, opere olmuş 405 kolorektal kanserli hastadan oluşmaktadır. Hastalar genel demografik verileri ve onkolojik özellikleri açısından GRIm skor düzeylerinin yüksek veya düşük olmasına göre gruplandırıldı. Yüksek GRIm-skor gurubuyla; yüksek N (Lenf Nodu) pozitifliği ve ileri TNM (T tümör boyutu, N lenf nodu ve M metastaz durumu) evresi, yüksek CEA düzeyi, RAS ve RAF mutasyonun varlığı, yüksek yaş ortalaması ve yüksek VKİ(>25) ile örtüşüyordu. Yapılan sağkalım analizlerinde kadın olmak (HR:0.53;%95CI: 0.33-0,85; p=0.010) ölüm riskini azaltırken, GRIm skorunu yüksek olması (HR:1.86;%95CI: 1.06-3.26; p=0.030) ve RAS mutasyonun olması ise (HR:2.01;%95CI: 1.14-3.54; p=0.016) ölüm riskini arttırdığı bulundu. Hastalıksız sağkalım açısından da benzer analiz yapıldığında ise CEA’nın 5 ng/ml ve üstü olması (HR:1.98;%95CI: 1.09-3,60; p=0.025), RAS mutasyonun olması (HR:2.41;%95CI: 1.56-3.74; p
Validation of the Turkish version of the pediatric early warning score
Authors: AKDENİZ Sevda , SELÇUK KUŞDERCİ Hatice , CANİKLİ ADIGÜZEL Şenay , OZBUDAK Pınar , DOGRU Serkan , AKDENİZ Ekrem , BAŞARANOĞLU Gökçen , SÜREN Mustafa
Published: September 2023

Aim: The pediatric early warning score (PEWS) identifies pediatric patients at risk for clinical deterioration and can helpless-experienced providers get a sense of which patients may need escalation of care. The purpose of the study was to adapt the PEWS into Turkish and evaluate its validity in pediatric patients admitted to the emergency.

Material and Methods: This study was conducted between May and October 2022 on 228 patients aged 17 and under in the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. In the pilot phase of the study, scoring of the first 30 patients was performed by three nurses in the emergency department. In the second phase, the validity of the PEWS scale was evaluated. Validity of the scoring system in predicting admission was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).

Results: The mean age of the children was 6.37 ± 4.72 years. Phase I demonstrated good inter-rater reliability (kappa = 0.75). In phase II, 22 patients (9.6%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the study period. AUC for predicting was 0.948 (95% CI: 0.915–0.981). According to ROC curve analysis, a cut-off value for PEWS score was found to be 4 (PEWS >4) for admitted to the ICU. Sensitivity and specificity in predicting ICU admission with the cut-off PEWS ≥4 was 86.36% and 90.78%, respectively (PPV, 50%; NPV, 90.48%). The sensitivity and specificity in predicting admission with a cut-off of PEWS ≥1 was 100% and 59.22%, respectively (PPV, 20.75%; NPV, 100%).

Conclusion: The Turkish version of PEWS can be helpful in assessing patient status in pediatric emergency department with acceptable validity and can serve as a potentially screening tool for prediction of ICU admission.
Emerging From Content and Language Integrated Learning and English-Medium Instruction, is CLIL-ised EMI the Next Trend of Education?
Authors: Hu Hengzhi
Published: September 2023

Objectives: The text aims to present a comparison of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and English-Medium Instruction (EMI), followed by a discussion of CLIL-ised EMI, a new educational phenomenon, regarding its feasibility in content-based bilingual programmes. Method: The ideas presented in this paper are principally drawn from previous research and literature about CLIL and EMI, as well as from my personal experience with content-based bilingual education programmes. Results: Although CLIL and EMI differ in nature, CLIL-ised EMI supplements traditional EMI, which has a single objective of content learning, with special attention to students’ needs, particularly their linguistic needs. It may pose challenges to teachers, especially in relation to their language-teaching activities. Conclusions: CLIL-ised EMI shows considerable feasibility in bilingual education and can overcome the linguistic challenges faced by students in content-based programmes. Implication for Practice: CLIL-ised EMI teachers are advised to be attentive to students’ linguistic demands and engage in professional collaboration with language specialists to design and provide well-planned language learning activities. Standardisation and quality control of bilingual programmes are also necessary at an institutional level.
Autonomía política de las mujeres en Colombia y Argentina : un análisis de derechos humanos y políticas públicas
Authors: Mora Cuervo Ruth Astrid
Published: September 2023

La reivindicación de los derechos políticos de las mujeres ha sido una lucha constante por su autonomía e igualdad de género, adquiridos en los consensos internacionales de derechos humanos y materializados en las políticas públicas. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la garantía de derechos humanos que las políticas públicas de equidad/igualdad de género de Colombia y Argentina establecen para lograr el empoderamiento y autonomía política de las mujeres. Esto se logra bajo un enfoque cualitativo, documental y de estudio de caso múltiple. Bajo un enfoque de evaluación normativa y de análisis de contenido de las políticas públicas se analiza cómo se garantizan los mínimos establecidos en la Agenda Regional de Género para lograr la autonomía política de las mujeres. Lo anterior contrasta con las cifras de desigualdad política que existe en los dos países analizados, tanto en participación como en acceso a cargos de poder. Estos resultados demuestran la necesidad de evaluar periódicamente la inclusión de los contenidos mínimos de derechos establecidos en los compromisos internacionales en la formulación e implementación de las políticas públicas.
La gestión comunitaria de los acueductos rurales en la provincia comunera : una aproximación a su estudio desde la perspectiva del pluralismo jurídico
Authors: Guauque Torre César
Published: September 2023

El presente artículo constituye un primer informe de avance del proyecto de investigación “La gestión comunitaria de los acueductos, aspectos regulatorios: caracterización de experiencias en la provincia comunera (departamento de Santander), Colombia 2019-2020. El problema a desarrollar plantea la dislocación entre los espacios público estatal y público comunitario respecto de la regulación de los acueductos rurales, procurando establecer la forma como se ha venido desarrollando tal regulación en su funcionamiento y gestión. El abordaje metodológico es de tipo cualitativo, con un enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico, en tanto busca acercarse a la experiencia vivida de las comunidades entorno al objeto de estudio, esclareciendo los marcos de significación sobre el derecho producidos en ese espacio social. En esa medida, el análisis se enmarca en las teorías del pluralismo jurídico, desde donde se plantean unas categorías y variables para la caracterización del fenómeno. El trabajo vincula la revisión de antecedentes con los resultados de la primera fase de contacto e interlocución con los actores sociales relevantes frente al tema, la cual tuvo como escenario el foro “La gestión comunitaria de los acueductos en la provincia comunera”. En un informe posterior se presentarán los resultados de la fase de inmersión y práctica de los instrumentos de recolección de la información empírica.
Responsabilidad civil de las empresas de reparar los daños en los derechos humanos y fundamentales en el derecho mundial
Authors: Parra William J.
Published: September 2023

El fortalecimiento de la justicia civil en los estados Latinoamericanos conlleva a un mayor éxito en la determinación de las responsabilidades de los actores económicos privados ante la eventual participación, complicidad o violación directa de los derechos humanos y fundamentales. Este trabajo muestra que frente a los vacíos y las deficiencias que ha mostrado la justicia civil para las víctimas –en los niveles internacional, supranacional y extraterritorial– la jurisdicción civil estatal ofrece herramientas jurídicas idóneas para que las víctimas tengan acceso a la justicia de la reparación de los daños y perjuicios materiales e inmateriales que se pueden generar en la actividad de las empresas privadas estatales y multinacionales.
Pembubaran Front Pembela Islam dalam Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara
Authors: Darmawan Darmawan
Published: September 2023

Organisasi kemasyarakatan merupakan salah satu bentuk hak asasi manusia setiap orang yang dilinndungi oleh konstittusi yaitu hak kebebasan berkumpul dan berserikat, kebebasan tersebut dalam konsep negara hukum harus dibatasi oleh negara sebagai pihak yang bertanggung jawab untuk menjaga dan melindungi hak tersebut dalam suatu instrumen hukum. Pembatasan tersebut bertujuan agar antara individu tidak saling melanggar dan mengambil hak orang lainn dengan dalih kebebasan. Salah satu bentuk pengaturan dari negara untuk melakukan monitoring (pengawasan) terhadap kebebadaan dan eksistensi organisasi kemasyarakatan dengan dikeluarkanya Surat Keputusan Bersama (SKB) yang dikeluarkan oleh 6 Pejabat yakni Menteri dalam Negeri, Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika, Jaksa Agung, Kapolri dan Kepala BNPT, Pada 30 Desember 2020 tentang pembubaran Organisasi Kemasyarakatan Front Pembela Islam, Surat keputusan bersama tersebut kemudian memunculkan perdebadan dilanganagan masyarakat terutama berkaitan dengan legal formal dan kedudukan hukum surat eputusan bersama dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Mmetode penelitian yang akan digunakan oleh penulis untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut adalah jenis penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan (Statue approach) dan (conceptual approach). Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Maka berdasarkan bentuk dan subtansi yang diatur didalamnya serta pemberlakuanya, maka surat keputusan bersama 6 pejabat tentang pembubaran Organisasi Kemasyarakatan Front Pembela Islam memiliki kedudukan yang sama dengan pertauran perundang-undangan yang diakui keberadaanya dalam Pasal 8 ayat (2) UU 12 Tahun 2011 dan mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap yang dibentuk berdasarkan kewenangan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.
Analysis Of Legal Functions And Maqashid Sharia On Islamic Marriage Law In Indonesia
Authors: Maylissabet
Published: September 2023

This study discusses the analysis of the function of law and the analysis of Maqasid ash-Syariah on Islamic Marriage Law in Indonesia. The method used in this study, the author uses the type of normative research and conceptual approach. This type of normative research is a type of research that focuses on norms, rules, laws, and theoretical matters. The conceptual approach in question is as a theory to analyze the object of research. The questions that are the focus of this research are how to analyze the legal function of Islamic marriage law in Indonesia and how to analyze Maqasid Asy-Syariah on Islamic marriage law in Indonesia.
Toleransi dan Politik Identitas: Studi tentang Perilaku Politik Kebangsaan di Indonesia
Authors: Romadhon Sukron , Try Subakti
Published: September 2023

Toleransi sebagai sikap memberi kesempatan kepada orang lain untuk menyampaikan pendapatnya, tanpa melakukan penilaian bahwa pendapat yang disampaikan salah atau benar, sama atau berbeda. Penghormatan dan ketaatan kepada sistem hukum, bersatunya setiap elemen yang berbeda dalam berbagai hal yang berkaitan dengan budaya, nilai, norma atau agama ke dalam sistem politik. Politik identitas hadir sebagai konstruksi masyarakat dalam menentukan posisi atas kepentingan suatu komunitas politik. Penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan sajian data berupa deskriptif dengan ketajaman dan analisis data tentang toleransi dan  politik identitas; studi tentang perilaku politik kebangsaan di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian dengan menggunakan studi kasus yang bersifat analisis-deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini berupa data studi pustaka yang menggunakan data sekunder berupa dokumen, arsip, buku, artikel, dan jurnal, surat kabar. Hasil penelitian kepustakaan dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa politik identitas dipahami sebagai konstruksi dalam menentukan kepentingan kelompok tertentu, yang akan menjadi sarana mencapai politik kekuasaan; Tokoh masyarakat yang menjadi ikon tentang kriminalisasi politik nasional; Terciptanya politik yang dinamis tentu harus ada kontrol secara politik yang berimbang antara kubu koalisi versus oposisi; Sikap tegas Negara dalam menjaga stabilitas nasional dengan mencabut dan melarang ormas-ormas yang menimbulkan konflik social.

Kata Kunci: Toleransi, Politik Identitas, Perilaku Politik
Dinamika Perkembangan Demokrasi serta Problematikanya Pasca Reformasi
Authors: Siti Nurhayati
Published: September 2023

Pasca reformasi 1998 mulai timbul kesadaran masyarakat agar pemerintah melangsungkan demokrasi berupa pemilihan umum dan Pilkada. Pemilihan umum dan Pilkada sebagai sarana menghilangkan praktik-praktik rekayasa, otoriter dan manipulatif yang menimbulkan ketidak adilan rakyat. Pemilu dan pilkada merupakan wujud demokrasi sehingga menghasilkan kedaulatan rakyat yang sesungguhnya. Pemilu dan Pilkada pasca reformasi dinilai sudah berjalan dengan baik, namun perlu ada peningkatan sistem maupun kualitas dari pemilu, dengan asas “LUBER JURDIL” (Langsung, Umum, Bebas, Rahasia, Jujur dan Adil).   Pembahasan mengenai Undang- Undang mengenai pemilu dan pilkada sudah mempunyai aturan yang jelas yakni Undang-Undang mengenai pemilihan umum tertera pada UU Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum. Fase perjalanan demokrasi di Indonesia sudah mengalami banyak perubahan sekaligus perkembangan mulai dari demokrasi parlementer sampai pada demokrasi Pancasila Era Reformasi yang berjalan sampai saat ini. Di sisi lain, perkembangan dan dinamika demokrasi saat ini adalah memilih pemimpin negara atau daerah dengan sistem pemilihan secara langsung yang dinilai sebagai bukti nyata cerminan dari kedaulatan rakyat yang tercantum pada Pasal 1 Ayat 1 Undang-Undang Dasar Repubik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Maka dengan adanya proses demokrasi yakni berupa Pemilu dan Pilkada, rakyat bisa menyalurkan aspirasinya.  Implementasi demokrasi dalam proses pemilihan umum masih mengalami beberapa permasalahan yang membutuhkan solusi. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan antara lain dengan peningkatan penguatan pendidikan politik bagi masyarakat, di mana setiap warga negara berhak untuk memilih dan dipilih dalam proses pemilihan umum. Penguatan ideologi Pancasila harus terus didengungkan agar mampu menangkal paham-paham liberalisme, individualisme, dan anti keragaman. Salah satu ciri negara yang demokratis adalah adanya kesiapan warga masyarakat dalam menyelesaikan setiap konflik yang ada. Setiap warga masyarakat sudah selayaknya saling memanusiakan, melindungi kaum minoritas. Dengan demikian, diharapkan dengan adanya pemilu tersebut mampu menjadi alat transformasi pada perubahan sosial yang lebih baik sehingga terbentuk pembaharuan demokrasi dan kedaulatan rakyat yang baik dan berintregritas di masa mendatang.
When Digital and Physical World Combine: The Metaverse and Gamification of Violent Extremism
Authors: Lakhani Suraj
Published: September 2023

From early Bulletin Board Systems adopted by neo-Nazis to the Islamic State’s more recent prolific use of social media platforms, an aspect of terrorism studies that is generally agreed upon is that violent extremists are often early adopters of emerging technologies. These groups, organisations, and networks have demonstrated innovative uses of these digital spaces, harnessed for recruitment, coordination, community building, attack planning, propaganda dissemination, and other purposes. Alongside studying these phenomena, it is important to explore where future trends lie; particularly as findings and recommendations can ensure that relevant stakeholders are aware of and can begin to prepare for emerging threats. This paper considers the potential exploitation of Web 3.0, specifically the metaverse, by violent extremists and explores conceivable opportunities to undertake nefarious activities within these spaces. There is a particular focus on the gamification of violent extremism in the metaverse, an issue—i.e. the gamification of violent extremism—that is causing increasing concern to terrorism practitioners more generally. Although it is difficult to predict exactly how violent extremists will utilise, exploit, and misuse the metaverse and related technologies due to the early stage of its conceptualisation and development, it is possible to develop hypotheses based on past trends and current examples demonstrating manipulation of online spaces that resemble aspects of the metaverse. In fact, aspects of the gamification of violent extremism in the metaverse may well have distinct overlaps with current threats, but simply utilise emerging technologies and take place within developing and more immersive online spaces.
Introduction to the Special Section on Anti-Government Extremism
Authors: Bjorgo Tore
Published: September 2023

"The term “anti-government extremism” (AGE) refers to movements, groups and individuals who express deep distrust and hatred towards the government and democratic institutions and processes and condone or show willingness to use violence to undermine the democratic legal order. This section is a follow-up to the December 2022 special issue of PT on anti-government extremism. The call for papers a year earlier resulted in so many contributions that we had to divide them across two issues of the journal."
Desenvolvimento de ferramenta web para orientação de solicitação de Pedido de Patente Biotecnológica
Authors: Zane Ferreira Jose Ednaldo , Kieling ﻿Antonio Claudio , Barboza Ricardo da Silva , Oliveira Raimundo Correa , Antony Afonso Adriana Eugênia
Published: September 2023

Este artigo tecnológico aborda o planejamento e o desenvolvimento de um website e tem por objetivo apresentar o passo a passo que é percorrido para realizar a solicitação do pedido de patente no Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Intelectual (INPI). Configura-se como a segunda etapa de uma pesquisa que apresentou como resultado a necessidade de planejamento de uma ferramenta web para orientação em como realizar o depósito de pedido de patente. A pesquisa adotou uma metodologia exploratória, pois busca solucionar um problema. Com o resultado desta pesquisa, foi apresentado as etapas ocorridas para elaboração e desenvolvimento de um produto tipo website para orientar acerca das etapas necessárias para realizar o depósito de um pedido de Patente no INPI, pois o site do instituto possui assunto abrangente e manuais mais complexos, ocasionando uma leitura demorada e requer maior tempo para entendimento. O produto desta pesquisa tecnológica foi registrado no site "registro.br'', e por tratar de um website não é um produto patenteável, sua segurança jurídica está no registro e na propriedade do domínio www.inovamazompi.com.br
Donor-related EDTA dependent pseudothrombocytopenia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Can it be real?
Authors: ÜSKÜDAR TEKE Hava , GUNDUZ Eren
Published: September 2023

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may take place in the form of an autologous or allogeneic transplant depending on the indication for transplantation. Because of the myeloablative conditioning regimens preceding HSCT, deep thrombocytopenia is experienced by most of the stem cell recipients in whom replenishment of leukocytes and platelets is expected within the first month following the transplantation. Prolonged thrombocytopenia, on the other hand, usually develops as a delayed complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and is associated to the source of stem cells, quantity of the infused CD34+ cells, graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), insufficient engraftment, relapse of the malignancy, microangiopathy, alloimmunisation, medications, or viral infections. In an attempt to explain pathogenesis leading to post-HSCT thrombocytopenia, two main theories have been proposed. First one is the peripheral destruction caused by anti-platelet antibodies, splenic sequestration, or other factors. The latter blames insufficient platelet generation due to impaired thrombopoiesis. Nevertheless, most of the clinical conditions arise with overlapping of both mechanisms.Here we present a pseudothrombocytopenia case induced by donor-related ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) as an unanticipated cause of thrombocytopenia to which most recipients of allo-SCT are prone to.
Méthodes alternatives in vitro pour l’étude des interactions hôte-pathogène du poumon
Authors: REMOT Aude , DESCAMPS Delphyne , ERNY Alexandra , CHOTTIN Claire , DRAJAC Carole , CARRERAS Florence , FERRET Cécile , ARCHER Fabienne
Published: September 2023

Les maladies respiratoires, qu’elles touchent les animaux et/ou les hommes, ont un impact sanitaire et économique considérable sur notre société. Pouvoir mieux les contrôler, les traiter et les prédire, nécessite de pouvoir les étudier. Pour cela des modèles d’études pertinents, reproductibles, efficaces aisés d’utilisation, et alternatifs à l’expérimentation animale doivent être proposés. D’énormes progrès méthodologiques ont été réalisés ces dernières années avec l’émergence de modèles in vitro qui miment le poumon en reproduisant la diversité des types cellulaires, l’architecture du tissu et certaines de ses fonctionnalités (activité ciliaire, sécrétion). Cette revue présente les avancées dans la génération de ces modèles chez le bovin : les organoïdes, les cultures Air-liquide-interface (ALI) et les coupes fines de poumon (PCLS). Ils sont utilisés pour mieux décrire et comprendre les processus physiopathologiques induits par des infections (virus, bactérie, parasite) respiratoires et permettent de tester des approches prophylactiques ou curatives.
Les approches complémentaires à l’expérimentation animale en agronomie et clinique vétérinaire : Solutions et limites
Authors: PERRUCHOT Marie-Hélène , DESSAUGE Frédéric
Published: September 2023

En France, l’utilisation des animaux à des fins scientifiques fait l’objet d’une réglementation stricte depuis plus de 25 ans. Son évolution s'effectue principalement dans un cadre européen. La directive 86/609 visait ainsi à l'harmonisation des pratiques entre les Etats membres. En France, comme en Europe, les textes réglementaires sur la protection animale et l’utilisation de l’animal en expérimentation sont de plus en plus exigeants. La directive 2010/63/UE du Parlement Européen et du Conseil du 22 septembre 2010 relative à la protection des animaux utilisés à des fins scientifiques a fortement renforcé les exigences vis-à-vis de l’utilisation des animaux. Cette nouvelle directive s'attache plus particulièrement aux mesures concernant l’évolution du nombre d’animaux utilisés à des fins scientifiques et éducatives, cette utilisation « demeurant nécessaire pour protéger la santé humaine, la santé animale et l'environnement ». Le corpus réglementaire fait de la diminution du nombre d’animaux en expérimentation un défi majeur de la société scientifique. Des méthodes modernes telles que les méthodes in vitro, in silico et de modélisation permettent actuellement de diminuer le nombre d’animaux en expérimentation animale et d’être complémentaires à ces expérimentations. Ces méthodes sont en plein essor et il reste encore de nombreuses découvertes à faire afin de pouvoir répondre à plus de questions scientifiques par des méthodes alternatives.
Intérêts des cultures in vitro de cellules souches et d’organoïdes dans le cadre d’études toxicologiques
Authors: MORTAUD Stéphane , MÉRESSE Sarah , LARRIGALDIE Vanessa
Published: September 2023

La toxicité de notre environnement et son impact sur la santé préoccupent de plus en plus la population. Certains polluants présents dans l’environnement peuvent affecter l’ensemble de l’environnement et des chaînes trophiques. Dans certains cas, ils peuvent affecter les animaux sauvages, les animaux domestiques, jusqu’à un transfert au sein de l’espèce humaine. Une intoxication correspond à une « introduction ou bio-accumulation d’une substance toxique dans l’organisme ». L’effet de ces substances toxiques est donc important à évaluer pour anticiper ses conséquences sur les organismes. Selon le modèle utilisé, ces évaluations peuvent contenir des biais importants. En effet le métabolisme est différent d’un organisme à l’autre, et donc la capacité à gérer un toxique de l’environnement, à le bio-accumuler ou à l’éliminer est spécifique de l’espèce. La toxicité pour l’animal les assimilant et la disponibilité de ces substances lors de la consommation humaine sont donc très variables. Cette problématique est retrouvée dans un autre contexte toxicologique, celui des drogues médicamenteuses. L’étude toxicologique devrait donc se faire de façon spécifique à l’espèce ciblée, y compris pour l’espèce humaine. En effet un écart important existe entre les résultats obtenus lors des phases pré-cliniques et ceux obtenus lors des essais cliniques. Par ailleurs l’utilisation des modèles animaux fait l’objet d’une réglementation au sein de l’union européenne qui s’attache particulièrement à la limitation de l’utilisation des animaux à des fins scientifiques quand cela est possible. Dans ces contextes se place toute l’importance de méthodes in vitro qui se sont développées au cours des dernières décennies grâce à l’avancée des connaissances fondamentales portant sur les cellules souches, ainsi que des avancées techniques qui y ont été associées. Ces méthodes ont permis la production de cultures en 3 dimensions mimant les structures réelles des organismes, d’où leur nom d’organoïdes. Ces outils deviennent des éléments clés des approches toxicologiques, qu’elles soient liées aux problèmes des expositions à des toxiques ou aux études précliniques humaines et vétérinaires.
Avant-propos du dossier « Cellules souches et Organoïdes : réalités et perspectives »
Authors: MÉDALE Françoise , BOISSY Alain , GABRIEL Irène , PAIN Bertrand , TARAGNAT Catherine
Published: September 2023

Cellules souches et organoïdes, versions simplifiées d’organes, sont des outils biologiques qui permettent des avancées majeures en biologie et en médecine et qui suscitent de nombreux espoirs tout en réduisant les expériences sur les animaux. Ce dossier fait le point sur les derniers développements de modèles d’organoïdes pour la recherche agronomique sans oublier d’aborder les défis technologiques et les applications qui en découlent. Ces méthodes alternatives, substitutives ou complémentaires de l'expérimentation animale offrent de nouvelles perspectives de recherche difficiles voire impossible à envisager avec des animaux. Elles devraient à terme permettre de diminuer significativement le nombre d’animaux utilisés pour la recherche et répondre ainsi aux exigences réglementaires et aux attentes sociétales.