bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Antar Karakter Vegetatif, Komponen Hasil, dan Daya Hasil Kopi Robusta Asal Sambung Tunas Plagiotrop
Authors: Randriani Enny , Dani Dani , Tresniawati Cici , Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Published: September 2016

Seleksi klon unggul kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) biasanya memerlukan waktu yang lama sehingga diperlukan pendekatan-pendekatan yang mampu mempersingkat waktu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis korelasi antar karakter vegetatif, komponen hasil, dan daya hasil kopi Robusta hasil sambung tunas plagiotrop. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Suka Rami, Kecamatan Bermani Ulu, Kabupaten Curup, Bengkulu dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2012. Delapan karakter vegetatif, 13 karakter komponen hasil, dan dua karakter daya hasil diamati pada pertanaman kopi Robusta hasil sambung tunas plagiotrop umur tiga tahun. Korelasi antar karakter dan analisis faktor dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa karakter daya hasil (produksi buah dan produksi biji beras per pohon) kopi Robusta yang diperbanyak melalui sambung tunas plagiotrop memiliki hubungan yang positif secara kuat dengan lima karakter lainnya, yaitu jumlah cabang sekunder, bobot 100 buah, panjang biji gabah, panjang biji beras, dan bobot 100 biji beras. Oleh sebab itu, kelima karakter tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria seleksi positif untuk produktivitas tinggi kopi Robusta yang dikembangkan melalui sambung tunas plagiotrop.

Kata kunci: Coffea canephora, seleksi klon, sambung pucuk, tunas plagiotrop

Selection of Robusta (Coffea canephora) elite clones usually takes a long time, therefore an effective approach is needed to shorten the time. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between the vegetative characters, yield and yield components of Robusta coffee derived from plagiotroph bud grafting. The research was conducted in the Suka Rami village, District of Bermani Ulu, Curup, Bengkulu Province from January to December 2012. Eight vegetative characters, 13 characters of yield components, and two yield characters were observed at three years old Robusta coffee plantation which derived from plagiotroph bud grafting. The correlation between the characters and factor analysis performed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows. The analysis showed that the character of the number of secondary branches, weight of 100 coffee fruits, long grain bean, long grain rice, and weight of 100 grains of bean showed a very strong positive correlation with yield characters. Thus, these five characters can be used as selection criteria to obtain superior genotypes of Robusta coffee that developed through plagiotroph bud grafting.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT METHODS AND THE AUTHENTIC RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Odarchenko Dmitriy , Odarchenko Andriy , Karbivnychaya Tatyana , Sergienko Alina
Published: September 2016

The article is devoted to the improvement of methodological approaches to the assessment of the quality and authenticity of food raw materials and frozen products through scientific justification of signatures of properties of reversible liquid part of them.

For the first time it is introduced the concept of "signature" to assess the quality and authenticity of raw materials in technologies of frozen semi-finished and food products, which is a physical quantity and has a quantitative value and indicator of the state and properties of the subject of research in whole and indicates the growing and storage conditions, species and authenticity. Method of sample preparation is developed and scientifically proved. This method involves cyclic use of freezing and centrifugation of animal and plant origin and provides a liquid phase, which is colloidal solutions and is characterized by resistance to sedimentation during freezing, thawing, and therefore can be used as a sample at quality assessment.

Theoretical and practical knowledge about the changes of electrical and physical, optical, cryoscopic and thermodynamic properties in meat, fish, vegetables, berries and mushrooms are received further development.
ESTIMATION OF FLOOD DAMAGE IN URBAN AREAS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Ivanyuta Sergiy
Published: September 2016

The estimation of flood spreading in urban areas ofUkraineis carried out. Total increase of flood in urban areas of administrative regions ofUkraineis investigated. It is shown that flooding inUkrainehas already become a major factor in ecological and geological complexity of life safety in industrial and urban areas. The most important regions of the country in which flooding has become a significant factor that directly affects the dangerous change of geological environment are determined. In general this creates an additional threat to the security of the population in these areas and can be a determining factor of environmental degradation in cities and town in most regions of the country. It is concluded that during 1998-2014 the impact of global climate change on activation of urban flooding inUkrainehas been growing in the conditions of lack of defensive ability of hydraulic structures against increased level of precipitation and expanding of flooding areas. Grade of administrative regions ofUkraineon the level of growth of urban flooding is offered. Expected socio-economic losses out from urban flooding inUkraineare assessed. Some of the greatest values of expected loss have been observed within the most industrialized and populated regions ofUkraine. It is shown that urban flooding inUkrainehas already become an additional factor in shaping the nature of man-made threats to the security of urban population of these areas. The complex of measures for reduction of the negative impact of and damage from urban flooding in the conditions ofUkraineare offered.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE SULFURIC ACID DROPS EVAPORATION
Authors: Helesh Andriy , Yavorskiy Victor
Published: September 2016

The evaporation process of sulfuric acid solution has been analyzed in the hollow apparatus of column type under direct contact between acid drops and hot gas. On the basis of the mathematical model the main parameters have been calculated: evaporation time, distance passed by a drop and its evaporation temperature. The mathematic dependencies of evaporation time of water and sulfuric acid drops on their initial diameters and air temperature have been developed. The drop diameter of ≤ 0.5∙10-3 m was found to be necessary to carry out the evaporation with the rate sufficient for the industrial columns. The obtained results are proposed to be used to determine the effect of intensifying parameters on the evaporation process of sulfuric acid waste solutions and development of their recycling technology.
DEVELOPING PROCEDURE DETERMINING ICE FORMATION FOR EVALUATION FROST CONCRETE
Authors: Troyan Vyacheslav , Moskalenko Aleksandr
Published: September 2016

The paper discusses the basic stages of modeling the processes of ice formation concrete. The conditions for the formation of ice in the pore space of concrete. The technique of determining ice formation, based on the finite element method, differential scanning calorimetry, heat and mass transfer processes, the nature of the pore space, which minimizes time determining frost resistance of concrete for general purpose and assess their durability.
Automatización de procesos en la administración de energía eléctrica en el área residencial
Authors: Nava Víctor , Fabelo Ricardo , Romero Juan
Published: September 2016

Esta investigación presenta el diseño e implementación de una “Automatización de Procesos en la Administración de Energía Eléctrica” (APAEE) en el área residencial.  El sistema consiste en un software de administración de energía eléctrica que funciona en una computadora de control central que se conecta a través de una red inalámbrica bajo el estándar IEEE 802.15.4 y una topología en malla a dispositivos remotos encargados de controlar los servicios de iluminación y climatización en una residencia en función del consumo de electricidad y parámetros establecidos por los usuarios. El hardware está basado en microcontroladores AVR® XMEGA® de la marca Atmel®. Un estudio en los patrones de consumo de electricidad en una residencia es llevado a cabo en el desarrollo de los algoritmos de control, por medio de la instalación de sensores que detectan presencia de personas y estado de conmutación tanto de lámparas como del ventilador y compresor en acondicionadores de aire. En base a los resultados obtenidos, el diseño y simulación de los algoritmos de control han de ser realizados en Matlab® para posteriormente ser implementados en el software de control. El desarrollo de la APAEE reducirá considerablemente el consumo de electricidad en el área residencial.
Inventario de los residuos sólidos generados en las empresas antioqueñas pertenecientes a los principales sectores económicos del departamento
Authors: Hoyos Dora Ángela , Hincapié Margarita , Marín Juan Miguel , Jiménez Lina Marcela , Valencia Germán Mauricio
Published: September 2016

Este artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación sobre la producción de residuos sólidos generados por las empresas Antioqueñas. Investigación que fue desarrollada por la Universidad de San Buenaventura, la Universidad de Medellín y la Universidad de Antioquia dentro del programa Expedición Antioquia 2013. Para lo cual, se evaluó la producción de residuos generados en empresas pertenecientes a las actividades económicas; agricultura, ganadería, caza y silvicultura; Explotación de minas y canteras; Industrias manufactureras y Construcción. El propósito del estudio fue conocer la tipología, cantidad e impacto ambiental de los residuos generados en el departamento en los sectores seleccionados, constituyéndose en una base para futuras investigaciones, orientadas a determinar el potencial aprovechamiento de los residuos para la elaboración de nuevos productos. La zona de estudio corresponde al 80,8% de la superficie del departamento de Antioquia, subregiones, Bajo Cauca, Nordeste, Norte, Oriente, Suroeste, Urabá y Valle de Aburrá; las cuales concentran las zonas industriales, mineras y agropecuarias más representativas del departamento, además de ser subregiones altamente pobladas con un crecimiento en infraestructura, representado en un sector de construcción fortalecido. La metodología utilizada fue la construcción de bases de datos de las empresas de los sectores seleccionados para posteriormente obtener información de la generación de residuos sólidos por medio de encuestas realizadas por un aplicativo web, personal o telefónicamente.
Control difuso de STATCOM para la regulación del factor de potencia en una red eléctrica
Authors: Coello Jhoan , De Pool Sergio , Fabelo Ricardo
Published: September 2016

Este artículo abarca el diseño de control difuso de un Inversor de tres niveles con IGBT (STATCOM) en una red eléctrica de media tensión para la regulación del Factor de Potencia (FP). La metodología empleada en la investigación está conformada por cuatro fases: El estudio de la red con sus variables dinámicas, Modelado del proceso, Estrategia de control mediante transformación Park y Modulación de Ancho de Pulso Senoidal y finalmente el Diseño de control difuso. El rendimiento y validez de los controladores se verificó usando los modelos experimentales, los resultados muestran que los controladores mantienen el FP dentro de la unidad o valor deseado con un margen de desviación de 0.005, cumpliendo así con el Reglamento General de la Ley de Servicio Eléctrico. Por otro lado se demuestra que este tipo de control avanzado tiene la habilidad de manejar data impredecible, haciéndolo adecuado para una gran variedad de aplicaciones, especialmente en procesos que son muy complejos para ser analizados por métodos clásicos.
Implementación de Spin Off en el área de informática en Colombia
Authors: Botero Ricardo , Gómez Sebastián , Giraldo Juan Camilo , Castro Carlos Arturo , Perdomo Charry Wilder
Published: September 2016

Spin off se denomina al modelo de negocios para la creación de nuevas empresas con alto componente investigativo. Este tipo de proyectos tiene una orientación metodológica basada en la creación de empresas que buscan explotar los recursos tecnológicos y de investigación, sean de software o de hardware, con miras en obtener resultados económicos e incursionar en la actividad mercantil. El spin off surge del modelo de triple hélice, en donde la universidad es la generadora del conocimiento, la empresa es el lugar de producción y el estado garantiza la estabilidad, el intercambio y la financiación de la investigación. La creación de las Spin Off ha surgido a medida que han cambiado los intereses tanto de las universidades como del estado en su modelo de triple hélice. En el entorno colombiano esas entidades están representadas por Colciencias y el gobierno nacional con las políticas en ciencia tecnología e innovación. En Colombia la creación e implementación de Spin Off todavía está en su fase de exploración, en donde se incluye la creación de algunas Spin off en diferentes áreas. La primera Spin Off universitaria en el país, denominada empresa de Conocimiento y servicios de Ingeniería S.A.S. (Conoser), surgió en la Universidad de Antioquia.
Gestión del riesgo en la seguridad de la información con base en la Norma ISO/IEC 27005 de 2011, proponiendo una adaptación de la Metodología OCTAVE-S. Caso de estudio: proceso de inscripciones y admisiones en la división de admisión registro y control AC
Authors: Espinosa T. Diego , Martínez P. Juan , Amador D. Siler
Published: September 2016

Este documento presenta la aplicación de la metodología OCTAVE-s para el análisis y gestión del riesgo en la seguridad de la información, adaptada al proceso Inscripciones y Admisiones, en la División de Admisión, Registro y Control Académico (DARCA) de la Universidad del Cauca; siguiendo las directrices de la norma ISO/IEC 27005:2011. Además se incluye la estructura del proceso, y el procedimiento escogido como caso de estudio para aplicar el tratamiento del riesgo. Finalmente, se muestran los resultados obtenidos y las conclusiones de la gestión del riesgo con la metodología adaptada.
Metaheurística para disminuir penalizaciones del laycan en programación de carga de buques al granel
Authors: Mendoza Casseres Daniel Alfonso , Corcho Martínez Ronald Andrés , Berdugo Alonso Alejandra
Published: September 2016

La carga de buques al granel es una operación portuaria que se utiliza para transportar cereales, minerales o cargas mixtas. La programación para la carga de los buques, la realiza el fletador teniendo en cuenta una cláusula del contrato de fletamento donde se fija la fecha final de iniciar la carga y la fecha inicial en la cual el buque es requerido (Laycan). Un buque programado fuera del Lyacan causa una penalización monetaria proporcional al tiempo de quebrantamiento. En esta investigación se utiliza una Metaheurística para programar seis buques al granel, los cuales pueden ser cargados simultáneamente por dos shiploaders idénticos en un puerto. Se supuso que los buques se programaran por fracciones mediante un job splitting. Los resultados obtenidos fueron comparados con la forma habitual de programación, demostrando que la Metaheurística disminuye la penalización total obtenida.
Abordagens interdisciplinares e interpretações sobre desenvolvimento e mundo rural em um programa de pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais
Authors: Cesco Susana , Lima Eli Napoleão de , Moreira Roberto José
Published: September 2016

A proposta deste estudo insere-se no debate sobre a interdisciplinaridade na pesquisa e na pós-graduação, ao definir como objetivo a análise de abordagens e interpretações sobre “desenvolvimento” e “mundo rural” como conceitos e como prática nas Ciências Sociais, a partir de um estudo de caso. Para tanto, os autores tomarão como base a produção científica interdisciplinar – teses e dissertações, do Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ciências Sociais em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – CPDA/UFRRJ, voltada para as questões do mundo rural brasileiro. A análise da construção do campo das Ciências Sociais no Brasil é significativa para o entendimento das escolhas e posturas teórico-metodológicas interdisciplinares de muitos programas de pós-graduação, para a elucidação de suas pesquisas e para formulações e interpretações de processos sociais. Como resultado, dentro de um amplo universo de trabalhos acadêmicos, são apresentados exemplos de estudos reconhecidos como interdisciplinares em suas abordagens sobre desenvolvimento e mundo rural.
Is Casting for Non-Displaced Simple Scaphoid Waist Fracture Effective? A CT Based Assessment of Union
Authors: Grewal Ruby , Suh Nina , MacDermid Joy C.
Published: September 2016

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to report the union rate and time to union for acute non-displaced scaphoid waist fractures treated with a short arm thumb spica cast.

Methods:

A database was searched (2006-2013) to identify acute undisplaced scaphoid waist fractures. Cases that were not given a trial of casting were excluded (n=33). X-rays, CT scans and health records for each patient were reviewed to extract data.

Results:

172 patients met inclusion criteria. There were 138 males, 34 females, the mean age was 30 ± 16 years. The union rate was 99.4% (1 nonunion/172 subjects). The mean time to union was approximately 7.5 weeks (53 ± 37 days). Energy of injury, age or gender did not affect union rates or time to union. Cysts did not affect the union rate (p=0.73) but patients with cystic resorption along the fracture line required approximately 10 weeks for union (69 ± 60 days) compared to 7 weeks (51 ± 34 days) for those without cysts (p=0.05). Diabetes did not affect the union rate (p=0.81) but was found to increase the risk of delayed union (p=0.05). There was a weak, but statistically significant correlation between the number of days before the fracture was casted and the length of time needed to achieve union (r=0.27, p=0.001).

Conclusion:

Non-displaced scaphoid waist fractures have a high healing rate with appropriate identification and immobilization. Follow-up CT scans to assess healing can identify union within a shorter time frame (~7 weeks) than previously reported in the literature.
Análise epidemiológica, clínica e patológica da tripanossomíase “Mal das Cadeiras”
Authors: Rodrigues Renan Paraguassu de Sá , Sanches Marina Pinto , Soares Leticya Lorrayne da Silva , Barbosa Maria Angélica Parentes da Silva , Araújo Jefferson Rodrigues , Pessoa Gerson Tavares
Published: September 2016

The disease known as “Mal das Cadeiras” or “Surra” is a disease widely distributed, responsible for numerous outbreaks with equine deaths in Brazil. Caused by a protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma, species Trypanosoma evansi mainly affects horses, donkeys, cattle, zebu cattle, goats, pigs, dogs, camels, buffalos, capybaras, coatis, tapirs, deer and wild rodents. The hosts are infected by mechanical transmission, which the blood forms are transferred directly from a mammal to another by contaminated fomites vectors or with infected blood. This study aimed to address the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and prophylactic disease of “Mal das Cadeiras”.
Avaliação epidemiológica da prevalência da hematúria enzoótica bovina associada a samambaia no Paraná
Authors: Marçal Wilmar Sachetin , Silva Daniel Augusto da , Watanabe André Hiroshi Quadros
Published: September 2016

The Bovine Enzootic Haematuria is a disease resulting from bracken fern intake, affecting animals in almost all states of Brazil. Due to economic losses and the risk to public health, research continues looking for ways to control plant and illness, as there are still places where cattle are created in direct contact with the plant, mainly in the state of Parana. In another perspective, many field workers engaged in awareness among farmers that continue to challenge the science, believing enzootic haematuriahas no direct relationship with the bracken fern. They suggest other etiologies, argue homemade prophylaxis and live therapeutic empiricism. Meanwhile, this plant is still present in several municipalities and the manifestation of characteristic and peculiar hemorrhagic in cattle grows visibly. This situation is very present in places occupied by cattle where the topography is quite rugged, with no possibility of land mechanization. Allied to this, there is evident lack of government policy in providing subsidiary liming the soil to correct the acidity caused by excess aluminum. Thus exposed, in a comprehensive study on municipal districts, bracken fern holders in their pastures, the authors correlated the existence of the plant to natural manifestation of Bovine Enzootic Haematuria for, a future and timing, get sensitize farmers to control plant, the disease elimination and increased safety public health, consumer of animal by-products such as meat and milk
Perfil espermático de touros da raça Sindi
Authors: Crisóstomo Bárbara Tatiane Oliveira , Silva Leone de Brito , Murta Danillo Velloso Ferreira , Rebello Roberta Veloso , Barreto Silene Maria , Barbosa Lucélia Karoline Gonçalves , Xavier Daniele Carolina Rodrigues , Rodrigues Lucas Aquino , Ribeiro José Alcides de Castro Machado
Published: September 2016

The breeding soundness exam is an important tool in selecting improvers herd bulls, since it allows the identification of problems of infertility and subfertility in males, maximizing the use of these animals in the breeding season and considerably improving the squad pregnancy rates. The purpose of this study was to describe the spermatic profile bulls Sindi, a farm in the town of Johnstown Bridge in the north of Minas Gerais. We evaluated 11 separate two bulls G1 36 months (n = 5) raised on pasture. The animals were initially weighed and identified, measured scrotal circumference, where scores a 33.8 cm to 38.2 cm and G1 to G2 and subsequently collecting the semen was performed using the eletroejaculator. The ejaculate was subjected to microscopic analysis for evaluating motility swirling and place yielding 78.4 motility values and 65%, force and turbulence 3.5 and 2.6 2.4 for 3 and G1 and G2 respectively . A sample of this ejaculate was subjected to examination of morphology, using the rose bengal dye preparation and wet smear technique using hematoxylin eosin dye. The results obtained for the G1 was 1.85% of minor flaws and defects greater than 7.75% in the art with the Rose Bengal dye and 1.15% and 12.25% of larger and smaller defects respectively with hematoxylin eosin. G2 had values of 2.4 and 9.8% for major faults and minor staining with rose bengal and 0.7 and 9.4% for both major and minor defects using hematoxylin eosin.
Dipilidiose em cães - Relato
Authors: Rodrigues Daniel Serafim de Andrade , Alencar Dalvan Fortaleza , Medeiros Brenda Lurian do Nascimento
Published: September 2016

The dipylidiasis is a parasitic disease caused by cestoda Dipylidium caninum, which in its adult parasite form the small intestine of dogs, cats and accidentally man. In the larval stage, the parasite is located in the body cavity of the intermediate hosts, fleas and lice. Dogs contract the disease by eating infected intermediate host with cisticercoides larvae. This article reports the case of four dogs naturally infected by D. caninum attended at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal do Piauí.
A importância dos aditivos na alimentação de cães e gatos: Revisão da literatura
Authors: Cappelli Sandro , Manica Emanuel , Hashimoto Juliano Hideo
Published: September 2016

Additives in pet feed started to have big importance in the market. This due to the part of the pets passed to have in the last years, approaching more and more of the people e becoming dependents of human beings. The main of this study have the purpose to show the importance of the additives, principally in the extruded feed, addressing the particularities of both species. They function is to attempt the nutritional requirements that the feedstock used in the fabrication of pet feed don’t supply. Furthermore, there are additives that are able to generate benefits, like: improving the digestibility; the faeces quality and the intestinal microbiota; ease medical conditions that animals can suffer, as skin, intestinal and articulations problems. They can provide benefits to animals in a short or a long time, improving health to pet when they are add in their feed.
Aplicações biotecnológicas na avicultura: uma abordagem dos alimentos nutritivos convencionais
Authors: Fernandes Raimunda Thyciana Vasconcelos , Melo Aurora da Silva , Figueirêdo Lívio Carvalho de , Arruda Alex Martins Varela de , Marinho Jéssica Berly Moreira , Santos Filho Claudionor Antonio dos , Souza Ayala Oliveira do Vale , Oliveira Vanessa Raquel de Morais
Published: September 2016

The biotechnology acted, and works at long time in animal nutrition, been present in many process of the ingredients in a balanced diet. Corn, soybean meal, amino acids and vitamins, were the ingredients of animal diet first undergo changes by biotechnological processes aimed at the production. This article aims to demonstrate how biotechnology, applied in the diet ingredients, participated in the development of poultry nutrition and is, even today, working to enable high production rates achieved by the production.
Exigências nutricionais de bovinos: Uma ferramenta a favor da produtividade
Authors: Alvim Duque Anna , Coutinho Rafaela de Almeida , Ana Luiza da Costa Cruz Borges Ana Luiza da Costa Cruz x , Silva Juliana Sávia da , Silva Arthur Alves , Souza Frederico Camargos de , Abreu Tayane Soares de , Pereira Naiara Barcelos , Silva Ana Luíza Moreira , Carvalho Pedro Henrique de Araújo , Duque Anna Carolynne Alvim
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to conduct a review of the importance of determining the nutritional requirements of cattle. The main requirements to be determined are protein, energy and minerals which can be subdivided into requirements for maintenance and gain. The determination of these variables may be done by comparing the slaughter animal or calorimetry. In Brazil the most widely used technique is the comparative slaughter and only two studies that used calorimetry to measure energy requirements in cattle. Comparing these two methods, it highlights the major drawback of comparative slaughter: the high cost due to the loss of the animal. Despite the considerable number of works on the subject are still needed a higher volume of work with the races most used in Brazil. In addition, there is a lack of data nutritional requirements determined by the technique of calorimetry respirometry.
Características físico-químicas e sensoriais de aves e ovos
Authors: Fernandes Raimunda Thyciana Vasconcelos , Melo Aurora da Silva , Oliveira Vanessa Raquel de Morais , Queiroz João Paulo Araújo Fernandes de , Dias Francisca Kelia Duarte , Souza Rosângela Fernandes de , Marinho Jéssica Berly Moreira , Souza Ayala Oliveira do Vale , Santos Filho Claudionor Antonio dos
Published: September 2016

The poultry sector can be considered one of the most developed and technified of world agriculture. Advances in genetic improvement together with the development of nutrition, health and management techniques, resulted in the current poultry farming, high efficiency and organization in order to produce animal protein of high biological value for human consumption at low cost. Commercial egg is a product of an efficient biological transformation made by laying hen and is one of the most complete foods that exists is composed of proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals. The egg composition depends on several factors. It notes that the bird's age affects only the egg size and shell quality, but not in its composition. The protein composition of the diet influences, fatty acids and cholesterol content of the yolk. In turn, when it comes to poultry coming soon in mind the white meat, with high humidity and protein obtained from chickens raised in conventional farming systems, so, high density and rapid growth. However, poultry meat is any arising meat from poultry, and therefore the characteristics of the meat initially depend other species and other factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic production, manipulated or not in order to reach standards quality as the sensory, chemical and physical characteristics. So that the quality of poultry products is maintained, all links in the chain, from the hatchery eggs to the large supermarket chains, must remain united so that the consumer has at his table eggs and meat with desirable sensory characteristics and free of waste and contaminants. Thus, we present a review on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of poultry and eggs.
A Multiple Case Study on the Nature and Management of Shadow Information Technology
Authors: Zimmermann Stephan , Rentrop Christopher , Felden Carsten
Published: September 2016

In several organizations, business workgroups autonomously implement information technology (IT) outside the purview of the IT department. Shadow IT, evolving as a type of workaround from nontransparent and unapproved end-user computing (EUC), is a term used to refer to this phenomenon, which challenges norms relative to IT controllability. This report describes shadow IT based on case studies of three companies and investigates its management. In 62 percent of cases, companies decided to reengineer detected instances or reallocate related subtasks to their IT department. Considerations of risks and transaction cost economics with regard to specificity, uncertainty, and scope explain these actions and the resulting coordination of IT responsibilities between the business workgroups and IT departments. This turns shadow IT into controlled business-managed IT activities and enhances EUC management. The results contribute to the governance of IT task responsibilities and provide a way to formalize the role of workarounds in business workgroups.
Potential Employees' Ethical Perceptions of Active Monitoring: The Dark Side of Data Analytics
Authors: Holt Matthew , Lang Bradley , Sutton Steve G.
Published: September 2016

Employees are increasingly monitored through integrated, data analytic-driven continuous (i.e., active) monitoring systems that analyze a wealth of data concerning their behaviors and actions. While use of these active monitoring systems has been advocated for improved performance measurement, increased productivity, and reduced costs, discussion has generally ignored the ethical implications of such monitoring as well as the impact on employees' morale and views of the organization. This study investigates these issues through application of contractarian ethics in the experimental examination of employees' beliefs and intentions based on organizational monitoring practices. In the first experiment, the level of monitoring and pay are varied to understand potential employees' perspectives on organizational ethics, willingness to accept a job with an organization, and their likely job satisfaction. While pay may sway willingness to accept a job and even the level of satisfaction, pay does not affect potential employees' ethical perceptions of the organization. Under high monitoring situations, potential employees consistently rate the ethics of the organization as poor. In a second experiment, four justifications that the literature suggests employers may provide for using employee monitoring are found to have no effect on employees' views about the organization in a high monitoring environment.

Data Availability: Please contact the authors.
Effectiveness of a motionless ultrasonic toothbrush in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Saruttichart Thayika , Chantarawaratit Pintu-on , Leevailoj Chalermpol , Thanyasrisung Panida , Pitiphat Waranuch , Matangkasombut Oranart
Published: September 2016

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of a motionless ultrasonic toothbrush to a manual toothbrush in reducing dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and mutans streptococci in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-five orthodontic patients were recruited to this crossover study. The patients were randomized into two groups starting with manual or motionless ultrasonic toothbrushes for 30 days. After a 30-day washout period, the patients switched to the other toothbrush type for 30 days. Plaque and gingival indices were evaluated by two calibrated-blinded examiners before and after each 30-day period of brushing. Salivary samples were also collected for quantification of mutans streptococci.

Results: On the bracket side, the motionless ultrasonic toothbrush showed a significantly higher mean plaque index bracket score after 30-day usage than baseline (P = .049), while the manual toothbrush group showed no difference between the before and after brushing periods (P = .10). The changes in plaque index bracket score were significantly more favorable in the manual toothbrush group than in the ultrasonic toothbrush group (P = .04). In contrast, no difference was observed on the nonbracket side. There was no significant difference in the changes of gingival index or the numbers of mutans streptococci between the two groups.

Conclusion: Manual toothbrushing performed better than brushing with the motionless ultrasonic toothbrush in plaque removal on the bracket side in orthodontic patients. However, no difference was observed in terms of gingival status and the numbers of mutans streptococci.
Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 Facilitates Diabetic Wound Healing Through Modulating MicroRNAs
Authors: Wang Jie-Mei , Qiu Yining , Yang Zeng-quan , Li Li , Zhang Kezhong
Published: September 2016

Diabetic skin ulcers represent a challenging clinical problem with mechanisms not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism for the primary unfolded protein response (UPR) transducer inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) in diabetic wound healing. Bone marrow–derived progenitor cells (BMPCs) were isolated from adult male type 2 diabetic and their littermate control mice. In diabetic BMPCs, IRE1α protein expression and phosphorylation were repressed. The impaired diabetic BMPC angiogenic function was rescued by adenovirus-mediated expression of IRE1α but not by the RNase-inactive IRE1α or the activated X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), the canonical IRE1α target. In fact, IRE1α RNase processes a subset of microRNAs (miRs), including miR-466 and miR-200 families, through which IRE1α plays an important role in maintaining BMPC function under the diabetic condition. IRE1α attenuated maturation of miR-466 and miR-200 family members at precursor miR levels through the regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD) independent of XBP1. IRE1α deficiency in diabetes resulted in a burst of functional miRs from miR-466 and miR-200 families, which directly target and repress the mRNA encoding the angiogenic factor angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1), leading to decreased ANGPT1 expression and disrupted angiogenesis. Importantly, cell therapies using IRE1α-expressing BMPCs or direct IRE1α gene transfer significantly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in diabetic mice through facilitating angiogenesis. In conclusion, our studies revealed a novel mechanistic basis for rescuing angiogenesis and tissue repair in diabetic wound treatments.
Comparative Effectiveness of Diabetic Oral Medications Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Veterans
Authors: Han Jennifer H. , Gordon Kirsha , Womack Julie A. , Gibert Cynthia L. , Leaf David A. , Rimland David , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C. , Bisson Gregory P.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Type 2 diabetes is increasingly common in HIV-infected individuals. The objective of this study was to compare the glycemic effectiveness of oral diabetic medications among patients with and without HIV infection.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A longitudinal cohort study was conducted among HIV-infected and uninfected veterans with type 2 diabetes initiating diabetic medications between 1999 and 2010. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) through the year after medication initiation, adjusting for baseline HbA1c level and clinical covariates. A subanalysis using propensity scores was conducted to account for confounding by indication.

RESULTS

A total of 2,454 HIV-infected patients and 8,892 HIV-uninfected patients initiated diabetic medications during the study period. The most commonly prescribed medication was metformin (n = 5,647, 50%), followed by a sulfonylurea (n = 5,554, 49%) and a thiazolidinedione (n = 145, 1%). After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no significant difference in the change in HbA1c level among the three groups of new users. HIV infection was not significantly associated with glycemic response (P = 0.24). Black and Hispanic patients had a poorer response to therapy compared with white patients, with a relative increase in HbA1c level of 0.16% (95% CI 0.08, 0.24) [1.7 mmol/mol (0.9, 2.6)] (P < 0.001) and 0.25% (0.11, 0.39) [2.7 mmol/mol (1.2, 4.3)] (P = 0.001), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that glycemic response was independent of the initial class of diabetic medication prescribed among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected adults with type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms leading to poorer response among black and Hispanic patients, who make up a substantial proportion of those with HIV infection and type 2 diabetes, require further investigation.
Egyptian Amethyst in the Bronze Age Aegean
Authors: Phillips Jacke
Published: September 2016

Though the fashion for amethyst in Egypt and the Near East had, by the mid-eighteenth century BC, dried up along with the Wadi el-Hudi mine, the stone’s popularity persisted in the Aegean well into the twelfth century. Though amethyst-colored glass was sometimes substituted, an abundance of genuine, high-quality amethyst nevertheless made its way to the Aegean during a period when even pharaohs settled for subpar specimens. Some of these examples (scarabs in particular) were certainly completed pieces by the time they left Egypt, even if later recut in Aegean workshops. Other examples seem to have been crafted entirely in the Aegean From Egyptian raw materials of dimensions unattested in Egypt itself, even before the Wadi el-Hudi source was mined out. The exceptional quantity and quality of amethyst jewelry in the Aegean suggests avenues of legitimate trade with Egypt must have existed at some point; later tomb-robbing alone is unlikely to account for so much high-grade material dispersing so far afield.
The Aamu of Shu in the Tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hassan
Authors: Kamrin Janice
Published: September 2016

This paper addresses the well- known scene of “Asiatics” in the tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hassan (tomb BH 3), which an associated inscription dates to Year 6 of Senusret II (ca. 1897–1878 BCE). Many scholars have studied this scene and come to a variety of conclusions about the original home of the foreigners represented and the specific reason for their apparent visit to Egypt. These various theories are discussed and evaluated herein through a detailed review of the scene’s individual elements, along with its accompanying inscriptions. Attention is also paid to the additional levels of meaning embedded in the scene, in which the foreigners function as symbols of controlled and pacified denizens of the chaotic realm that constantly surrounds and threatens the ordered world of the Egyptians. The symbolic levels at which the scene functions within its ritually charged setting neither conflict with nor detract from its historic value, but rather complement and enhance the inherent richness and complexity of the concepts that underlay its creation.
Perspective on Physical Therapist Management of Functional Constipation
Authors: George Susan E. , Borello-France Diane F.
Published: September 2016

Functional constipation is a common bowel disorder leading to activity restrictions and reduced health-related quality of life. Typically, this condition is initially managed with prescription of laxatives or fiber supplementation, or both. However, these interventions are often ineffective and fail to address the underlying pathophysiology and impairments contributing to this condition. Physical therapists possess the knowledge and skills to diagnose and manage a wide range of musculoskeletal and motor coordination impairments that may contribute to functional constipation. Relevant anatomic, physiologic, and behavioral contributors to functional constipation are discussed with regard to specific constipation diagnoses. A framework for physical therapist examination of impairments that can affect gastrointestinal function, including postural, respiratory, musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, and behavioral impairments, is offered. Within the context of diagnosis-specific patient cases, multifaceted interventions are described as they relate to impairments underlying functional constipation type. The current state of evidence to support these interventions and patient recommendations is summarized. This perspective article aims not only to heighten physical therapists' awareness and management of this condition, but also to stimulate clinical questioning that will open avenues for future research to improve patient care.
Altered Sagittal- and Frontal-Plane Kinematics Following High-Intensity Stepping Training Versus Conventional Interventions in Subacute Stroke
Authors: Mahtani Gordhan B. , Kinnaird Catherine R. , Connolly Mark , Holleran Carey L. , Hennessy Patrick W. , Woodward Jane , Brazg Gabrielle , Roth Elliot J. , Hornby T. George
Published: September 2016

Background

Common locomotor deficits observed in people poststroke include decreased speeds and abnormal kinematics, characterized by altered symmetry, reduced sagittal-plane joint excursions, and use of compensatory frontal-plane behaviors during the swing phase of gait. Conventional interventions utilized to mitigate these deficits often incorporate low-intensity, impairment-based or functional exercises focused on normalizing kinematics, although the efficacy of these strategies is unclear. Conversely, higher-intensity training protocols that provide only stepping practice and do not focus on kinematics have demonstrated gains in walking function, although minimal attention toward gait quality may be concerning and has not been assessed.

Objective

The present study evaluated changes in spatiotemporal and joint kinematics following experimental, high-intensity stepping training compared with conventional interventions.

Design

Kinematic data were combined from a randomized controlled trial comparing experimental and conventional training and from a pilot experimental training study.

Methods

Individuals with gait deficits 1 to 6 months poststroke received up to 40 sessions of either high-intensity stepping training in variable contexts or conventional lower-intensity interventions. Analyses focused on kinematic changes during graded treadmill testing before and following training.

Results

Significant improvements in speed, symmetry, and selected sagittal-plane kinematics favored experimental training over conventional training, although increases in compensatory strategies also were observed. Changes in many kinematic patterns were correlated with speed changes, and increased compensatory behaviors were associated with both stride length gains and baseline impairments.

Limitations

Limitations include a small sample size and use of multiple statistical comparisons.

Conclusions

Improved speeds and selected kinematics were observed following high-intensity training, although such training also resulted in increased use of compensatory strategies. Future studies should explore the consequences of utilizing these compensatory strategies despite the observed functional gains.
Historical Maps for 3D Digital City's History
Authors: Balletti Caterina , Guerra Francesco
Published: September 2016

Digital technologies can now make an innovative contribution to urban history, lending themselves to processes aimed at achieving quite different goals, from research to training, from the dissemination to the fruition of cultural cartographic heritage. Through technological innovation and the development of multimedia tools, it is now possible to integrate traditional knowledge with alternative means of communication that can foster new methods of research, e-learning, and other potential uses of information and communications technology (ICT) for cultural and educational uses. The research reported herein is part of a more extensive project aimed at studying and visualizing how cities change over time. It focuses, in specific, on the Venice Arsenale (Italy) and develops the combined use of database archiving (DB) with geographic information systems (GIS) to (1) manage and georeference historical data, (2) model key phases of urban development on base maps, and (3) produce renderings and pertinent multimedia materials for the widespread dissemination of historical data to a highly diversified public. These operations were performed with two specific goals in mind: on one hand, to provide new research tools that might open to new knowledge and further enhance the city's history by representing its transformation over time; on the other, to investigate the possibilities of bringing historical research together with today's communication and multimedia distribution strategies.
Replication and Reproduction in Canadian Policing Research: A Note
Authors: Huey Laura , Bennell Craig
Published: September 2016

In this paper, the authors discuss the importance of replication and reproduction studies to building an evidence base in policing research. This evidence base, they note, is important to the task of informing sound policy and practice in policing and in relation to community safety efforts more generally. Despite the recognized value of such work, a scoping analysis of peer-reviewed Canadian policing research published over the past 10 years reveals that very few researchers engage in research aimed at replicating other studies. Potential remedies are suggested in the paper’s conclusion.
A brief history of carotid-cavernous fistula
Authors: Lang Min , Habboub Ghaith , Mullin Jeffrey P. , Rasmussen Peter A.
Published: September 2016

Carotid-cavernous fistula was one of the first intracranial vascular lesions to be recognized. This paper focuses on the historical progression of our understanding of the condition and its symptomatology—from the initial hypothesis of ophthalmic artery aneurysm as the cause of pulsating exophthalmos to the recognition and acceptance of fistulas between the carotid arterial system and cavernous sinus as the true etiology. The authors also discuss the advancements in treatment from Benjamin Travers' early common carotid ligation and wooden compression methods to today's endovascular approaches.
Aneurysms with persistent patency after treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device
Authors: Kan Peter , Srinivasan Visish M. , Mbabuike Nnenna , Tawk Rabih G. , Ban Vin Shen , Welch Babu G. , Mokin Maxim , Mitchell Bartley D. , Puri Ajit , Binning Mandy J. , Duckworth Edward
Published: September 2016

The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) was approved for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms from the petrous to the superior hypophyseal segment of the internal carotid artery. However, since its approval, its use for treatment of intracranial aneurysms in other locations and non-sidewall aneurysms has grown tremendously. The authors report on a cohort of 15 patients with 16 cerebral aneurysms that incorporated an end vessel with no significant distal collaterals, which were treated with the PED. The cohort includes 7 posterior communicating artery aneurysms, 5 ophthalmic artery aneurysms, 1 superior cerebellar artery aneurysm, 1 anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm, and 2 middle cerebral artery aneurysms. None of the aneurysms achieved significant occlusion at the last follow-up evaluation (mean 24 months). Based on these observations, the authors do not recommend the use of flow diverters for the treatment of this subset of cerebral aneurysms.