bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of genetic polymorphism and cytological stability of Avena sativa L., Avena sterilis L. and their interspecies hybrids
Authors: Sycheva Y. A. , Drobot N. I. , Bondarevich Y. B. , Solovey L. A. , Khaletsky S. P. , Dubovets N. I.
Published: March 2020

Aim. A study of cytological stability and genetic polymorphism of SSR loci in Avena sativa L., Avena sterilis L. and their interspecies hybrids. Methods. Interspecific hybridization in combination with cytological and molecular-genetic analysis. Results. The genetic polymorphism of six SSR loci of 15 Avena sativa L. varieties, 12 Avena sterilis L. lines and their interspecies hybrids was studied. Highly informative (PIC from 0.57 to 0.89) SSR markers that can be used to differentiate genetically related genotypes of oats are revealed. The results of cytological analysis showed a high level of bivalent pairing at meiotic metaphase I (97.0 to 99.86 %) in A. sativa × A. sterilis hybrids, as well as the presence of a significant number of cells with bridges at the anaphase I stage of meiosis. Conclusions. The high level of bivalent chromosome pairing and the identification of forms with a high meiotic index indicate the possibility of creating cytologically stable hybrids of A. sativa × A. sterilis. The presence of a significant number of cells with bridges at the anaphase I stage may serve as an indirect confirmation of chromatin exchange between the parental species, which creates the prerequisites for the inclusion in the genome of oats alien genetic material in the form of translocations.

Keywords: Avena sativa L., Avena sterilis L., cross-species hybridization, cytological stability, SSR-markers.
The variability of the trait thickness of the straw second internode (TS-2M) of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of different origin
Authors: Tishchenko V. M. , Dinets O. M.
Published: March 2020

Aim. Detailed examination of different studies showed that the thickness of the straw second internode of soft winter wheat is not sufficient investigated. Methods. The article presents the results of an experiment for the study of the formation and the variability of the trait thickness of the straw second internode (TS-2M) in different soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and breeding lines. There are forty one wheat varieties of different origin presented in this study. Results. It was established that the trait TS-2M significantly correlated with the main yield traits. Therefore, the selection of productive genotypes in the selection process based on TS-2M is effective. Conclusions. The statistical analysis of winter wheat varieties based on the trait TS-2M showed that the level of formation and variability of this trait is genetically determined.

Keywords: winter wheat, the second internode (ТS-2М), genetic coefficient of variation (CV%).
Chickpea genotypes characteristics on resistance to fusarium Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris
Authors: Chekalov V. A. , Volkova N. E.
Published: March 2020

Aim. Molecular-genetic analysis of the chickpea genotypes for foc0, foc3, foc4 resistance genes to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris. Methods. Extraction and purification of DNA, spectrophotometry, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Results. 35 chickpea lines and varieties of Ukrainian and foreign breeding characterized according to genotyping on foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris by the microsatellite markers TA59, TR19 and TR59. Fragments of the expected size for all markers were obtained for samples, for which the resistance level was fixed to certain races. Match between data on the presence of a amplification fragment of a certain size and resistance level among other samples is not found. Conclusions. For 35 chickpea varieties and lines the allele state of foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to the F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 is established. The variety ‘Pam’yat’ is recommended as a control of resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 in the southern Ukraine conditions.

Keywords: chickpea, genes, molecular markers, fusarios, resistance.
Genetic potential of bacteria isolated from cadmium contaminated soils
Authors: Iungin O. S. , Bielikova O. Yu. , Gladka G. V. , Tashyrev O. B.
Published: March 2020

Aim. Determination of taxonomic position and resistance to Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, CrO42- of isolated bacteria from cadmium-contaminated soils. Methods. Bacterial cultures were isolated by ten-fold dilutions and further cultivation on agarized nutrient medium. Taxonomic position of isolated cultures was determined by molecular-genetic methods using GenBank and BLAST. Bacterial resistance to toxic metals was determined by strains cultivation in liquid medium in the presence of concentration gradient of Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, CrO42-. Results. Isolated cultures were highly resistance to cadmium. These bacterial cultures were identified as Brevundimonas vesicularis and Cupriavidus gilardii by phenotypic and molecular-genetic characteristics. Their resistance was in one order higher comparing to generally accepted. Conclusions. Isolated strains are promising for using in novel industrial biotechnologies for metal containing wastewater treatment.

Keywords: metalresistance, toxic metals, taxonomic position, Cupriavidus gilardii, Brevundimonas vesicularis.
Thermodynamic prognosis of the efficiency of toxic metals extraction from solution by microorganisms and their genetic potential
Authors: Hovorukha V. M. , Tashyrev O. B.
Published: March 2020

Aim. Thermodynamic justification of pathways of microbial interaction with metals and development of theoretical foundations of novel biotechnologies for purification of industrial waste water from environmentally hazardous metals-oxidizers (CrО42-, MoО42-, WО42-). Methods. The fields of stability of metal compounds in aqueous solutions in the coordinates of pH-Eh were calculated using classic Pourbaix diagrams. The effectiveness of metals extraction from solutions was evaluated according to Gibbs free energy. Results. On the base of thermodynamic calculations conditions and efficiency of metals extraction by microorganisms was shown. Microbial reduction of CrО42- to insoluble Cr(III) hydroxide was the most effective. Additional carbon and energy sources are required for effective molybdate reduction. Extraction of tungstate can not be carried out by microorganisms. Conclusions. Thermodynamic prognosis is effective method for developing novel environmental biotechnologies for purification of environmentally hazardous metal-containing wastewater and simultaneous treatment of organic waste.

Keywords: thermodynamic prognosis, microbial interaction of with metals, metals extraction,

purification of metal-containing wastewater, environmental biotechnologies.
Influence of herbicide on plants in connection with formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Guralchuk Zh. Z. , Sychuk A. M. , Gumenyuk O. V.
Published: March 2020

Aim. The aim of the work is to analyze the available literature data on the effect of herbicides on the formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Results. The article gives a brief overview of the influence of herbicides with different mechanism of action on the formation and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. The direct and indirect effects of herbicides on the AM fungi, the different selectivity of AM fungi to herbicides and other factors influencing the effect of herbicides on biodiversity of AM fungi and the formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis are considered. Conclusions. Herbicides with different mechanism of action can have a significant effect on the diversity of AM fungi present in the soil, the formation and functioning of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Their effect on the AM fungi can be either direct or indirect due to the influence on the host plant. AM fungi, in turn, can also influence the selectivity of the plant to herbicides. Studies on the effect of herbicides on mycorrhizal symbiosis may be important for increasing the herbicide efficiency.

Keywords: herbicides, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal symbiosis.
Breeding wheat varieties of different development types adapted to different growing conditions
Authors: Bazalii V. V. , Boichuk I. V. , Lavrynenko Yu. O. , Bazalii H. H. , Domaratskyi Ye. O. , Larchenko O. V.
Published: March 2020

Aim. When forming optimal sowing structure, considering certain conditions of soil and climate zones, a particular region and farm, it is necessary to have a complex of varieties with different levels of plasticity, stability and the length of a growing season, the duration of a vernalization stage and photoperiodic sensitivity. Methods. The research was conducted according to the methods of field experiments. The winter wheat varieties included and the wheat varieties of an alternative type of different genetic and ecological origin were used in the research. Results. The purposeful inclusion of the wheat varieties Znakhidka odeska, Khersonska unbearded, the variety of an alternative type Nevesinjka 471, NS 446 and others into hybridization by a diallel scheme allowed realizing the complexes of such features as fast maturation, 1000 grain weight, adaptive properties in the offspring resulting in high productivity. The promising lines selected in the breeding process became the basis for developing new winter wheat varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Perlyna and the varieties of an alternative type Solomiia, Klarysa. Conclusions. The conducted research resulted in developing promising soft winter wheat varieties and the varieties of an alternative type, which ensure high and steady grain yields, especially under late sowing dates. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties of an alternative type, combining ability of genotypes.
Influence of photoperiod duration on the formation of fruits in soybean varieties (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
Authors: Zhmurko V. V. , Hussain Al-Hamadeni Haider Nabil
Published: March 2020

Aim. The aim of the work was to elucidate the influence of photoperiod duration on the dynamics of the fruits and seeds formation in soybean varieties with different photoperiodic reactions. Methods. The field experiments were carried out by cultivating soybean varieties Anushka, Ustia, Yatran and Hadzhibey under the conditions of a long natural day (16 hours) and an artificially short day (9 hours). Phenological observations and morphometric analyzes wee used. Results. The varieties Annushka, Ustya and Yatran showed a photoperiodic neutral reaction to the photoperiod and Hadzhibey – a short reaction. In all varieties, regardless of the photoperiodic reaction, a short photoperiod accelerated the formation of fruits and seeds. In the greatest degree, this was shown for the short-day variety Hadzhibey. Conclusions. The formation of fruits and seeds in soybean is subjected to photoperiodic regulation, probably due to the change of intensity of its supply of assimilation products under the influence of different day lengths.Keywords: soybean, (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), photoperiod, rate of development, photoperiodic reaction, fruits, seeds.
Grain quality of common wheat lines with T. kiharae genetic material
Authors: Orlovskaya O. A. , Vakula S. I. , Khotyleva L. V. , Kilchevsky A. V.
Published: March 2020

Aim. T. kiharae (AtAtGGDD, 2n=42) is a source of high protein and gluten content, resistance to many diseases. Сommon wheat lines with the introgression of T. kiharae genetic material were obtained in order to enrich T. aestivum L. gene pool. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of T. kiharae genetic material on the grain quality of T. aestivum/T. kiharae introgression lines. Methods. The composition of the high molecular weight glutenin subunits was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Evaluation of the most important traits of grain quality (hardness, protein and gluten content, gluten quality) was carried out according to GOST. Results. Сomparative analysis of the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of introgressive lines and their parental forms allowed us to identify lines with novel alleles of Glu-1 loci, specific for T. kiharae. For most of the introgression lines T. aestivum/T. kiharae hardness, protein and gluten content were higher than for parent wheat varieties. Conclusions. Introgression of T. kiharaegenetic material in the genome of common wheat had a positive effect on all studied parameters of grain quality except the gluten quality.

Keywords: common wheat, T. kiharae, glutenin, SDS-PAGE, quality of grain.
Phosphorylation of Tyr sites of USP1 protein in K562 cell as a progression factor of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Antonenko S. V. , Polishchuk Y. L. , Telegeev G. D.
Published: March 2020

Aim. To study the properties of Tyr phosphorylation of USP1 protein in K562 cells. Methods. The bioinformatics analysis of the USP1 protein sites of phosphorylayion using the Phosphosite software. Coimmunoprecipitation, Western blot. Immunofluorescence analysis and confocal microscopy. Results. Potential phosphorylation sites for USP1 protein for Tyr are provided. Phosphorylated form of USP1 protein detected in K562 cells. Using immunofluorescence analysis and confocal microscopy, we found that Tyr phosphorylated forms of USP1 protein are localized in the nucleus. Conclusions. We deem that Tyr phosphorylation of USP1 protein is the consequence of its interaction with Bcr-Abl oncoprotein, which has high kinase activity. USP1 phosphorylation can raise deubiquitinating activity of this protein, and as a result, avert the proteosomal degradation of Bcr-Abl in cell and facilitate the progress of the disease.Keywords: chronic myeloid leukemia, Bcr-Abl, USP1, Tyr site of phosphorylation.
Det danske EU-formandskab 2012 - satte det spor i centraladministrationen?
Authors: Dagnis Jensen Mads , Nedergꜳrd Peter
Published: March 2020

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Fra klassisk til ny engelsk skole
Authors: Valbjørn Morten , Glavind Johanne Grøndahl , Brems Knudsen Tonny
Published: March 2020

Denne artikel sætter fokus på den nye engelske skole og dens revitaliseredeforskningsprogram, herunder fem centrale bidrag: (1) relanceringen af verdenssamfundsdimensionenmed fokus på ikke-statslige aktører, (2) revisionen afsondringen mellem pluralistiske og solidaristiske internationale samfund, (3) differentieringenaf det internationale samfund til to niveauer, det globale og detregionale, (4) videreudviklingen af skolens forståelse af internationale institutionerog (5) den større metodiske bre dde. Artiklen argumenterer for en fortsat udviklingaf anvendelsesorienteret middle-range teori, herunder både fortolkende ogforklarende analysestrategier.
GUERRES CIVILES, DÉPENSES MILITAIRES ET PERFORMANCES ÉCONOMIQUES
Authors: Tsasa Jean-Paul K.
Published: March 2020

Quel lien existe-t-il entre les performances économiques, les dépenses militaires
et les guerres civiles dans un pays moins avancé ? Pour répondre à cette question, ce papier
étalonne, puis estime une forme réduite du modèle d’équilibre général à la Romer-Taylor sur
données de la République démocratique du Congo. Nous considérons la période 1988-2015 pour
l’analyse. Les résultats d’estimations prédisent, d’une part, une relation positive et
statistiquement significative entre les performances économiques et les dépenses militaires
et, d’autre part, un impact négatif et statiquement significatif de la présence des guerres
civiles sur les performances économiques. Par ailleurs, en période de guerres civiles, il
est établi que les dépenses militaires sont contre-productives et exercent un effet
statistiquement non significatif sur la production réelle.
Molecular docking and network connections of active compounds from the classical herbal formula Ding Chuan Tang
Authors: Clyne Allison , Yang Liping , Yang Ming , May Brian , Yang Angela Wei Hong
Published: March 2020

Background

Ding Chuan Tang (DCT), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been consistently prescribed for the therapeutic management of wheezing and asthma-related indications since the Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD). This study aimed to identify molecular network pharmacology connections to understand the biological asthma-linked mechanisms of action of DCT and potentially identify novel avenues for asthma drug development.

Methods

Employing molecular docking (AutoDock Vina) and computational analysis (Cytoscape 3.6.0) strategies for DCT compounds permitted examination of docking connections for proteins that were targets of DCT compounds and asthma genes. These identified protein targets were further analyzed to establish and interpret network connections associated with asthma disease pathways.

Results

A total of 396 DCT compounds and 234 asthma genes were identified through database search. Computational molecular docking of DCT compounds identified five proteins (ESR1, KDR, LTA4H, PDE4D and PPARG) mutually targeted by asthma genes and DCT compounds and 155 docking connections associated with cellular pathways involved in the biological mechanisms of asthma.

Conclusions

DCT compounds directly target biological pathways connected with the pathogenesis of asthma including inflammatory and metabolic signaling pathways.
Congenital feeding response to a novel prey in a Mexican gartersnake
Authors: Manjarrez Javier , Macías Garcia Constantino , Drummond Hugh
Published: March 2020

In this study, we explored chemosensory, ingestive and prey-catching responses of neonate Mexican Black-bellied Gartersnakes (Thamnophis melanogaster) to crayfish (Cambarellus montezumae). By comparing snakes from a recently discovered crayfish-eating population and a typical non-crayfish-eating population, we asked which behavioral components change as a species enlarges its feeding niche. In the crayfish-eating population chemosensory responsiveness to crayfish was not enhanced but its heritability was higher. Neonates of both populations showed similar preference for freshly-molted versus unmolted crayfish, and whereas the tendency to ingest both crayfish stages remained stable between ages 15 and 90 days in the non-crayfish-eating population, in the crayfish-eating population it actually decreased. Techniques to catch and manipulate molted crayfish were similar in the two populations. We discuss the possibility that there is no increase in the behavioral response to eat crayfish by the neonates of the crayfish-eating populations, possibly due to the absence of ecological and spatial isolation between the twoT. melanogasterpopulations. The crayfish ingestion in some population ofT. melanogastercan be explained by environmental differences between populations, or by recent origin of crayfish ingestion inT. melanogaster.
EFESIENSI SALURAN DISTRIBUSI PEMASARAN KOPI RAKYAT DI DESA GENDING WALUH KECAMATANSEMPOL (IJEN) BONDOWOSO
Authors: Indrasari Yayuk
Published: March 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan saluran distribusi manakah yang lebih efesien dalam pemasaran kopi rakyat di Desa Gending Waluh Kecamatan Sempol (Ijen) Kabupaten Bondowoso. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah explanatory research. Sampel sebanyak 6 dari petani kopi. Jenis data yang di gunakan yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Data primer yaitu data yang dikumpulkan oleh peneliti langsung dari lapangan. Untuk memperoleh data primer maka penulis langsung datang ke sumbernya atau diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode wawancara. Data sekunder adalah data yang bukan diusahakan sendiri pengumpulannya oleh peneliti, dan data sekunder biasanya terwujud data dokumentasi yang berupa data yang diperoleh dari sumber tidak langsung seperti dari majalah, keterangan keterangan atau publikasi lainnya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif, kualitatif. Hasil menunjukkan pada efensiensi saluran distribusi pemasaran kopi rakyat yaitu, saluran distribusi II lebih efesien dibanding saluran distribusi I
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PASSENGER SATISFACTION DAN PASSENGER LOYALTY PADA LAYANAN TRAVEL DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Edwin Richardus Klaris , Harjanti Dhyah
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh kualitas layanan, perceived value, perceived usefulness, dan perceived ease of use terhadap passenger satisfaction dan passenger loyalty pada layanan travel di Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Metode penelitian termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 135 penumpang. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian diolah menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS). Temuan penelitian menunjuk­kan bahwa kualitas layanan, perceived value, perceived usefulness, dan perceived ease of use berpenga­ruh positif terhadap passenger satisfaction, serta passenger satisfaction berpengaruh positif terhadap passenger loyalty.
Effect of cold plasma on black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), fungi inactivation and micro-structures stability
Authors: Rüntzel Cristina Link , Da Silva Juliana Regina , Da Silva Bruna Aparecida , Moecke Elisa Siegel , Scussel Vildes Maria
Published: March 2020

The Cold Plasma (CP) treatment efficiency to inactivate naturally fungi contaminated beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Class black, and the effects in micro-structures stability were investigated. Kernels were exposed to CP (8 kv intensity and 510W power) at different times (5, 10, 20 and 30 min) followed by incubation to verify the antifungal effect and their micro-structural resistance through microscopy (stereo –SM and scanning electron - SEM) observation. The treatment was effective to fungal inactivation when exposed to CP (10-30 min). It also inhibited bean germination during the longest treatment exposure (20-30 min). Regarding germination, only when CP was applied during the shortest period of time (5 min) had a positive effect (improved its speed: hypocotyl & radicle length increased), when compared to Control. Some morphological alterations were registered by SM, either on testae (wrinkling) and cotyledons (color changes). Indeed, through SEM, both testae and cotyledon structures showed the disrupting effects on their cell membranes during the treatment more power. The CP treatment, under the current conditions applied, showed effective for fungi inactivation, although it affected some kernel micro-structures and germination. Therefore, further studies will be carried out regarding adjustments on CP conditions, to improve treated beans quality.
Angiotensinogen promoter methylation predicts bevacizumab treatment response of patients with recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Urup Thomas , Gillberg Linn , Kaastrup Katja , Lü Maya Jeje Schuang , Michaelsen Signe Regner , Andrée Larsen Vibeke , Christensen Ib Jarle , Broholm Helle , Lassen Ulrik , Grønbæk Kirsten , Poulsen Hans Skovgaard
Published: March 2020

Patients with recurrent glioblastoma achieving response to bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy have clinical improvement and prolonged survival. High gene expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) is associated with a poor bevacizumab response. Because AGT expression is epigenetically regulated, we aimed to investigate whether AGT promoter methylation in tumor tissue predicts response to bevacizumab combination therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. The study included 159 patients with recurrent glioblastoma, treated with bevacizumab combination treatment (training cohort, n = 77; validation cohort, n = 82). All patients could be evaluated for treatment response and biomarkers. DNA methylation of 4 CpG sites in the AGT promoter was measured using pyrosequencing. A model for nonresponse was established using logistic regression analysis. In the training cohort, lower methylation of each of the four CpG sites in the AGT promoter was significantly associated with nonresponse (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the mean methylation level of all four CpG sites was associated with an increased likelihood of not achieving response to bevacizumab combination therapy (twofold decrease: odds ratio = 3.01; 95% confidence interval: 1.41–6.44; P = 0.004). We developed a model for nonresponse in the training cohort, where a threshold of mean AGT promoter methylation levels was set to below 12%. The model could predict bevacizumab nonresponse with 96% specificity. Importantly, this predictor was also significantly associated with nonresponse in the validation cohort (P = 0.037). Taken together, our findings suggest that low AGT promoter methylation in tumor tissue predicts nonresponse to bevacizumab combination treatment in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. We have, thus, established and successfully validated a predictor for nonresponse that can be used to identify patients who will not benefit from bevacizumab combination therapy.
Polydopamine and Its Derivative Surface Chemistry in Material Science: A Focused Review for Studies at KAIST
Authors: Lee Haesung A. , Park Eunsook , Lee Haeshin
Published: March 2020

Polydopamine coating, the first material‐independent surface chemistry, and its related methods significantly influence virtually all areas of material science and engineering. Functionalized surfaces of metal oxides, synthetic polymers, noble metals, and carbon materials by polydopamine and its related derivatives exhibit a variety of properties for cell culture, microfluidics, energy storage devices, superwettability, artificial photosynthesis, encapsulation, drug delivery, and numerous others. Unlike other articles, this review particularly focuses on the development of material science utilizing polydopamine and its derivatives coatings at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology for a decade. Herein, it is demonstrated how material‐independent coating methods provide solutions for challenging problems existed in many interdisciplinary areas in bio‐, energy‐, and nanomaterial science by collaborations and independent research.
A Photophysical Study of Sensitization‐Initiated Electron Transfer: Insights into the Mechanism of Photoredox Activity
Authors: Coles Max S. , Quach Gina , Beves Jonathon E. , Moore Evan G.
Published: March 2020

The development of photocatalytic reactions has provided many novel opportunities to expand the scope of synthetic organic chemistry. In parallel with progress towards uncovering new reactivity, there is consensus that efforts focused on providing detailed mechanistic insight in order to uncover underlying excited‐state reactions are essential to maximise formation of desired products. With this in mind, we have investigated the recently reported sensitization‐initiated electron transfer (SenI‐ET) reaction for the C−H arylation of activated aryl halides. Using a variety of techniques, and in particular nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we are able to distinguish several characteristic signals from the excited‐state species involved in the reaction, and subsequent kinetic analysis under various conditions has facilitated a detailed insight into the likely reaction mechanism.
Hollow Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Mediated In Situ Architecture of Copper Dendrites for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Zhu Qinggong , Yang Dexin , Liu Huizhen , Sun Xiaofu , Chen Chunjun , Bi Jiahui , Liu Jiyuan , Wu Haihong , Han Buxing
Published: March 2020

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to a single product at high current densities and efficiencies remains a challenge. However, the conventional electrode preparation methods, such as drop‐casting, usually suffer from low intrinsic activity. Herein, we report a synthesis strategy for preparing heterogeneous electrocatalyst composed of 3D hierarchical Cu dendrites that derived from an in situ electrosynthesized hollow copper metal–organic framework (MOF), for which the preparation of the Cu‐MOF film took only 5 min. The synthesis strategy preferentially exposes active sites, which favor's the reduction of CO2 to formate. The current density could be as high as 102.1 mA cm−2 with a selectivity of 98.2 % in ionic‐liquid‐based electrolyte and a commonly used H‐type cell.
Spectroscopies and Electron Microscopies Unravel the Origin of the First Colour Photographs
Authors: de Seauve Victor , Languille Marie‐Angélique , Kociak Mathieu , Belin Stéphanie , Ablett James , Andraud Christine , Stéphan Odile , Rueff Jean‐Pascal , Fonda Emiliano , Lavédrine Bertrand
Published: March 2020

The first colour photographs were created by a process introduced by Edmond Becquerel in 1848. The nature of these photochromatic images colours motivated a debate between scientists during the XIXth century, which is still not settled. We present the results of chemical analysis (EDX, HAXPES and EXAFS) and morphology studies (SEM, STEM) aiming at explaining the optical properties of the photochromatic images (UV‐visible spectroscopy and low loss EELS). We rule out the two hypotheses (pigment and interferences) that have prevailed since 1848, respectively based on variations in the oxidation degree of the compound forming the sensitized layer and periodically spaced photolytic silver planes. A study of the silver nanoparticles dispersions contained in the coloured layers showed specific localizations and sizes distributions of the nanoparticles for each colour. These results allow us to formulate a plasmonic hypothesis on the origin of the photochromatic images colours.
Porous Tantalum Nitride Single Crystal at Two‐Centimeter Scale with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Jin Lu , Cheng Fangyuan , Li Hao , Xie Kui
Published: March 2020

Porous tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) single crystals, combining structural coherence and porous microstructure, would substantially improve the photoelectrochemical performance. The structural coherence would reduce the recombination of charge carriers and maintain excellent transport properties while the porous microstructure would not only reduce photon scattering but also facilitate surface reactions. Here, we grow bulk‐porous Ta3N5 single crystals on a two‐centimeter scale with (002), (023), and (041) facets, respectively, and show significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical performance. We show the preferential facet growth of porous crystals in a lattice reconstruction strategy in relation to lattice match and lattice channel. We present the facet engineering to enhance light absorption, exciton lifetime and transport properties. The porous Ta3N5 single crystal boosts photoelectrochemical oxidation of alcohols with the (002) facet showing the highest performance of >99 % alcohol conversion and >99 % aldehyde/ketone selectivity.
Combining rare alleles and grouped pollen donors to assign paternity in pollen dispersal studies
Authors: Butcher Chelsea L. , Rubin Berish Y. , Anderson Sylvia L. , Nandula Vijay K. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Gardner Randolph G. , Lewis J. D.
Published: March 2020

Premise

Pollen dispersal plays a critical role in gene flow of seed plants. Most often, pollen dispersal is measured using paternity assignment. However, this approach can be time‐consuming because it typically entails genotyping all pollen donors, receptors, and offspring at several molecular markers.

Methods

We developed a faster, simpler protocol to track paternity, using pollen receptors and grouped pollen donors that possess rare alleles. We tested this approach using wind‐pollinated Amaranthus tuberculatus and insect‐pollinated Solanum lycopersicum. After screening potential markers for rare alleles, we grew both species in experimental arrays under field conditions.

Results

All tested A. tuberculatus seeds and 97% of S. lycopersicum fruits could be assigned to the grouped pollen donors using each of two markers. From these results, we could infer paternity of untested offspring and assess pollen dispersal patterns in each array.

Discussion

By combining rare alleles and grouped pollen donors, we could assess pollen dispersal for both species and across all arrays after genotyping a small number of pollen donors and a representative subset of offspring. While directly applicable to A. tuberculatus and S. lycopersicum, this approach could be used in other species to assess pollen dispersal under field conditions.
Effects of Anion on Liquid Structures of Ionic Liquids at Graphene Electrode Interface Analyzed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Tsuzuki Seiji , Nakamura Takenobu , Morishita Tetsuya , Shinoda Wataru , Seki Shiro , Umebayashi Yasuhiro , Ueno Kazuhide , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi
Published: March 2020

Molecular dynamics simulations of ionic liquids composed of N‐propyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium cation ([pmpyro]+) with (CF3SO2)2N− ([TFSA]−), (FSO2)2N− ([FSA]−), CF3SO3−, CF3CO2− and PF6− anions sandwiched by two charged graphene sheets show that the liquid structures near graphene sheets depend strongly on anion. Long‐range charge ordering structures were observed when the ionic liquids were sandwiched with charged graphene sheets. Although the magnitude of the oscillation of cation and anion densities near charged graphene sheets is enhanced by the increase of the charges on the graphene sheets, the range of the charge‐ordering structures from the graphene sheets does not largely change. The ranges of the charge‐ordering structures from charged graphene sheets observed in the [pmpyro][TFSA], [pmpyro][FSA], [pmpyro][CF3SO3], [pmpyro][CF3CO2] and [pmpyro][PF6] ionic liquids are approximately 40, 80, 60, 60 and 100 Å, respectively.
Laparoscopic fundoplication and new aspects of neural anatomy at the oesophagogastric junction
Authors: Gehwolf P , Renz O , Brenner E , Cardini B , Lorenz A , Wykypiel H
Published: March 2020

Background

In fundoplication, mobilization of the distal oesophagus and proximal stomach is essential to obtain a sufficient tension-free intra-abdominal oesophageal length for creation of an efficient antireflux barrier. Most surgical literature and anatomical illustrations do not describe nerve branches running from the diaphragm to the stomach. After observing small nerve branches at laparoscopic fundoplication, penetrating the left crus of the diaphragm lateral to the hiatus and apparently running into the stomach, an anatomical cadaver study was undertaken to identify the origin and target organ of these nerves.

Methods

Fifty-three human cadavers (23 men, 30 women; age range 35–103 years) were dissected with special attention to the nerves that penetrate the left crus of the diaphragm. The entire course of these nerves was documented with standardized drawings and photos.

Results

Small nerve branches penetrating the diaphragm lateral to the left crus of the hiatus were found in 17 (32 per cent) of the 53 cadavers. In 14 of these 17 cadavers, one or two splanchnic nerve branches were identified, and in ten of the 17 the nerve branches were found to be phrenic nerves. In seven of these 17 cadavers, two different nerve branches were found and assigned to both splanchnic and phrenic nerves.

Conclusion

Nerves penetrating the left crus with splanchnic origin or phrenic origin have been identified. Their function remains unclear and their relationship to postfundoplication symptoms remains to be determined.
Transfection of glycoprotein encoding mRNA for swift evaluation of N‐glycan engineering strategies
Authors: Bydlinski Nina , Coats Michael T , Maresch Daniel , Strasser Richard , Borth Nicole
Published: March 2020

N‐glycosylation is defined as a key quality attribute for the majority of complex biological therapeutics. Despite many N‐glycan engineering efforts, the demand to generate desired N‐glycan profiles that may vary for different proteins in a reproducible manner is still difficult to fulfill in many cases. Stable production of homogenous structures with a more demanding level of processing, for instance high degrees of branching and terminal sialylation, is particularly challenging. Among many other influential factors, the level of productivity can steer N‐glycosylation towards less mature N‐glycan structures. Recently, we introduced an mRNA transfection system capable of elucidating bottlenecks in the secretory pathway by stepwise increase of intracellular model protein mRNA load. Here, this system was applied to evaluate engineering strategies for enhanced N‐glycan processing. The tool proves to indeed be valuable for a quick assessment of engineering approaches on the cellular N‐glycosylation capacity at high productivity. The gene editing approaches tested include overexpression of key Golgi‐resident glycosyltransferases, partially coupled with multiple gene deletions. Changes in galactosylation, sialylation, and branching potential as well as N‐acetyllactosamine formation were evaluated.
Child psychiatrists fill gap by providing consultation to primary care pediatrics
Authors: Horowitz Karyn , Sullivan Katie
Published: March 2020

We are in the midst of a child mental health crisis in the United States. Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that up to 20% of all children have a mental health disorder and the rates of adolescent depression and suicide are increasing. Partnered with these high levels of mental health disorders is a workforce shortage in the area of child and adolescent psychiatry. Although the number of child psychiatrists has increased in the last 10 years, there are still not enough providers to meet the demand. Unfortunately, the shortage of child psychiatrists often necessitates that pediatric primary care providers (PPCPs) manage children's mental health. However, mental health training for pediatric residents is minimal, with over half of general pediatricians who are recent graduates of pediatric residency programs indicating that they need (or want or would benefit from) additional training in mental health. Increasing the demands on PPCPs to manage mental health without increasing access to child psychiatry services is unlikely to improve the outcomes for children and adolescents.
Report from WPA: Limited resources, cultural sensitivity, and expanding the workforce
Authors: Magaziner Sarah
Published: March 2020

As the shortage of mental health care providers comes into focus against a growing need for mental health care worldwide, and the community of individuals pursuing careers in global health broadens, the question emerges: What are the ethics of practicing internationally in a field like psychiatry, which seems inextricably linked with cultural norms, language, sociopolitical events, and the ability to cultivate long‐term therapeutic relationships? I took the opportunity to attend the 18th annual World Psychiatric Association's (WPA's) World Congress of Psychiatry (WCP) in Mexico City in an attempt to learn more.
The friendship bench: Delivering mental health treatment in developing countries
Authors: Walters Anne S.
Published: March 2020

This month, a group of us from Brown are in Kenya working with AMPATH on an exchange with psychiatric colleagues — a project described in a previous commentary (April 2018). In early February, a North American primary care physician and a Kenyan psychiatrist, under the direction of the Indiana University Center for Global Health, received a large grant from the Astellas Global Health Foundation. The grant proposes to address mental health disparities in Kenya via integrating mental health services into AMPATH's system for chronic disease management as well as working to increase awareness of mental health needs.
Prediction of CO2‐Oil Minimum Miscibility Pressure Using Soft Computing Methods
Authors: Saeedi Dehaghani Amir Hossein , Soleimani Reza
Published: March 2020

Searching for computational approaches for determination of the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is highly requested during the miscible gas injection process. New models, namely, the stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) algorithm and two distinct hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) models were used to predict CO2 MMP as a function of reservoir temperature, mole percent of volatile oil components, mole percent of intermediate oil components, molecular weight of pentane‐plus fraction in the oil phase, mole percentage of CO2 in injected gas, volatile components, and intermediate components in the injected gas based on 144 published data points. The SGB model was found to provide the better performance. The reservoir temperature turned out to be the most important factor.
Towards an Improved Design of MRI Contrast Agents: Synthesis and Relaxometric Characterisation of Gd‐HPDO3A Analogues
Authors: Tear Louise R. , Carrera Carla , Gianolio Eliana , Aime Silvio
Published: March 2020

The properties of LnIII‐HPDO3A complexes as relaxation enhancers and paraCEST agents are essentially related to the hydroxylpropyl moiety. A series of three HPDO3A derivatives, with small modifications to the hydroxyl arm, were herein investigated to understand how heightened control can be gained over the parameters involved in the design of these agents. A full 1H and 17O‐NMR relaxometric analysis was conducted and demonstrated that increasing the length of the OH group from the lanthanide centre significantly enhanced the water exchange rate of the gadolinium complex, but with a subsequent reduction in kinetic stability. Alternatively, the introduction of an additional methyl group, which increased the steric bulk around the OH moiety, resulted in the formation of almost exclusively the TSAP isomer (95 %) as identified by 1H‐NMR of the europium complex. The gadolinium analogue of this complex also exhibited a very fast water exchange rate, but with no detectable loss of kinetic stability. This complex therefore demonstrates a notable improvement over Gd‐HPDO3A.
Solution Combustion Synthesis: Towards a Sustainable Approach for Metal Oxides
Authors: Carlos Emanuel , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira , Branquinho Rita
Published: March 2020

Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) has been widely used to produce simple and complex oxides with a desired morphology (size and shape). SCS is valuable due to low cost, simplicity and energy efficient synthesis. To guarantee the best molecular‐level mixing of reactants in an aqueous or solvent‐based solution some parameters need to be controlled, such as fuel type, metal cations precursors, stoichiometry ratio (φ), pH effect, atmosphere and initiation type. These determine the final properties of the oxide materials, providing the potential to reach different morphologies, which are essential for their final applications. This Review article focuses on the crucial parameters in SCS and how these affect the overall materials properties from nanostructures to thin films. To finalize, special attention is given to the application of SCS to form metal oxide thin films at low temperature and their application in thin film transistors (TFTs).
Colloidal Second Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Mn‐Doped Ag2S Quantum Dots
Authors: Jeong Sanghwa , Doh Hyunmi , Kim Sungjee
Published: March 2020

Incorporation of transition metal dopants within a semiconductor nanocrystal has a tremendous effect on the optical and magnetic properties of the semiconductor nanocrystals. Herein, we report on a novel synthesis of second near‐infrared‐emitting photoluminescent Mn2+‐doped Ag2S quantum dots via co‐pyrolysis of silver and manganese single‐source precursors. The Mn2+ doping level was flexibly tuned in Ag2S quantum dots, which was confirmed by elemental analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The Mn2+ doping induced negligible change in the pristine monoclinic acanthite Ag2S crystal structure but significantly decreased the photoluminescent intensity. Mn2+‐doped Ag2S QDs exhibit second near‐infrared emission and ferromagnetic ordering, which show the potential applicability for multimodal fluorescence/MRI probes.
Imprinting Pentaphyrin on Conductive Electropolymerized Dipyrromethane Films: A New Strategy towards the Synthesis of Photokilling Materials
Authors: Comuzzi Clara , Fiorot Andrea , Baggio Anna , Maifreni Michela , Strazzolini Paolo , Marino Marilena , Susmel Sabina
Published: March 2020

We report herein the synthesis and photoinduced bactericidal activity of two new polymeric materials, obtained by imprinting the photosensitizer 20‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐2,13‐dimethyl‐3,12‐diethyl‐[22]pentaphyrin (PCox, 1) into suitable electropolymerized dipyrromethane films. 5‐Phenyl‐dipyrromethane (5‐ph‐DP) and 5‐(4‐pyridyl)dipyrromethane (5‐py‐DP) have been selected as the monomers for the synthesis of the materials in order to assess the correlation between the substituent in C5 and the capability in Pcox uptake. Both films have been tested in their photokilling ability toward Staphylococcus aureus by using a multi‐LED blue lamp at a fluence rate of 40 W/m2. Poly‐5‐py‐DP/PCox, with a PCox load of 10−8 mol/cm2, achieved a 4‐log reduction in microbial viability after 60 min of irradiation. The polymeric films proved to be stable over time and under oxidation conditions; in addition, no loss of photosensitizer was observed during the experiments, thus demonstrating that the bactericidal action was effectively brought by the ROS generated by PCox immobilized in the material. After use, the films were recharged with PCox, with almost complete recovery of their photodynamic efficiency.
Impact of positive and negative corporate social responsibility on automotive firms' financial performance: A market‐based asset perspective
Authors: Lin Woon Leong , Ho Jo Ann , Lee Chin , Ng Siew Imm
Published: March 2020

Prevailing studies on the economic implication of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for businesses has mainly stressed on the positive facet of corporate social responsibility (PCSR), failing to comprehend that firms also espouse behaviors and initiatives which can be characterized as negative corporate social responsibility (NCSR). Additionally, limited researches have considered how both PCSR and NCSR influence corporate financial performance (CFP). In consideration of this view, we present a framework that connects both PCSR as well as NCSR to CFP. We also analyzed the moderating role of the firm's market‐based asset. Using 924 observations from 2011 to 2017 and a combined secondary data of 132 global automotive firms from CSRHub and Thomson Reuters Datastream, we examined how increases in either PCSR or NCSR relate to CFP via dynamic panel data system Generalise Moment of Method estimates. Our results demonstrate that PCSR improves CFP while and NCSR is detrimental to a firm's financial performance. Correspondingly, the results indicate that market‐based asset moderates the relationship between PCSR and NCSR. Firms that possess higher market‐based assets tend to enjoy higher profitability with PCSR as they are in a better position. However, it has been observed that market‐based assets tend to weaken the relationship between CFP and NCSR.