bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure of Securitizing the Climate Change Issue at the United Nations Security Council (2007-2019)
Authors: Dewi Murni Kemala
Published: March 2021

Abstract         This paper describes the dynamics of debates on the securitization of climate change issue at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), which took place from 2007 to 2019. Although there have been four open debates on this issue at the UNSC, until 2019, the process of the securitization of climate change issue has failed. Prior studies discussing the same concern has only explained some of the reasons proposed in the debates, such as relating to the mandate of the UNSC, the division of work in the UN units, and whether the issue of climate change could be considered as a security issue. By applying the Externalist School of Securitization theory, this paper analyzes the relationship between sociolinguistics and socio-politics in the dynamics of the debates on the securitization of climate change issue at the UNSC and the roles of the permanent members in the debates. The main argument in this research is spotted on the existing rejection against the framing of climate change as a security issue by several UNSC permanent members, hence no mitigation policy can be mutually agreed upon. This has resulted in a failure in the process of securitizing the climate change issue at the UNSC (2007-2019). Keywords:The Security Council, Climate Change, Securitization
The controversy around agricultural rationalization and rural communities in post Second World War Sweden
Authors: Morell Mats
Published: March 2021

This paper explores explanations, interpretations, perceptions and valuations of post war agricultural rationalization and the interlinked rural transformation and urbanization processes in Sweden. Both political and market driven factors are considered. Specifically, the local government reforms of the 1950s and 1960s are highlighted as they tended to put an end to the autonomy of rural communities. Political protests against these developments, driven by the Peasant/Center party are studied using all issues of the party’s monthly political magazine 1960-1980. The paper ends in a reflection on the rural and agricultural side of the major, sometimes open, sometimes latent political-ideological conflict in Sweden in much of the 20th century, between the Peasant/Center party and the Social Democrats.
Quantum binary field inversion: improved circuit depth via choice of basis representation
Authors: Amento Brittanney , Rotteler Martin , Steinwandt Rainer
Published: March 2021

Finite fields of the form ${\mathbb F}_{2^m}$ play an important role in coding theory and cryptography. We show that the choice of how to represent the elements of these fields can have a significant impact on the resource requirements for quantum arithmetic. In particular, we show how the use of Gaussian normal basis representations and of `ghost-bit basis' representations can be used to implement inverters with a quantum circuit of depth $\bigO(m\log(m))$. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first construction with subquadratic depth reported in the literature. Our quantum circuit for the computation of multiplicative inverses is based on the Itoh-Tsujii algorithm which exploits that in normal basis representation squaring corresponds to a permutation of the coefficients. We give resource estimates for the resulting quantum circuit for inversion over binary fields ${\mathbb F}_{2^m}$ based on an elementary gate set that is useful for fault-tolerant implementation.
Lower bounds for quantum oblivious transfer
Authors: Chailloux Andre , Kerenidis Iordanis , Sikora Jamie
Published: March 2021

Oblivious transfer is a fundamental primitive in cryptography. While perfect information theoretic security is impossible, quantum oblivious transfer protocols can limit the dishonest player's cheating. Finding the optimal security parameters in such protocols is an important open question. In this paper we show that every 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer protocol allows a dishonest party to cheat with probability bounded below by a constant strictly larger than $1/2$. Alice's cheating is defined as her probability of guessing Bob's index, and Bob's cheating is defined as his probability of guessing both input bits of Alice. In our proof, we relate these cheating probabilities to the cheating probabilities of a bit commitment protocol and conclude by using lower bounds on quantum bit commitment. Then, we present an oblivious transfer protocol with two messages and cheating probabilities at most $3/4$. Last, we extend Kitaev's semidefinite programming formulation to more general primitives, where the security is against a dishonest player trying to force the outcome of the other player, and prove optimal lower and upper bounds for them.
Drug Repurposing for Coronavirus (COVID-19): In Silico Screening of Known Drugs Against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Bound to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) (6M0J)
Authors: Kalamatianos Konstantinos
Published: March 2021

E3/03-03-2021

Molecular Dynamics Simulation has been added to E2/21-12-2020

E2/21-12-2020

In this study FDA approved HCV antiviral drugs and their structural analogues – several of them in clinical trials - were tested for their inhibitory properties towards the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein bound to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (6M0J) using a virtual screening approach and computational chemistry methods. The most stable structures and the correspond-ing binding affinities of thirteen such antiretroviral com-pounds were obtained. Frontier molecular orbital theory, global reactivity descriptors, molecular docking calculations and electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis were used to hypothesize the bioactivity of these drugs against 6M0J. It is found that increased affinity for the protein is shown by inhibitors with large compound volume, relatively higher electrophilicity index, aromatic rings and heteroatoms that participate in hydrogen bonding. Amongst the drugs tested, four compounds 10-13 showed excellent results – binding affinities -11.2 to -11.5 kcal.mol-1. These four top scoring compounds may act as lead compounds for further experimental validation, clinical trials and even for the development of more potent antiviral agents against the SARS-CoV-2.

E1/24-08-2020

In this study FDA approved antiviral drugs and lopinavir analogues in clinical trials were tested for their inhibitory properties towards the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein bound to

angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (6M0J) using a virtual screening approach and computational chemistry methods. Amongst the drugs tested, four compounds, PubChem CID 492005, CID 486507, CID 3010249 and

lopinavir showed excellent results – binding interactions -9.0 to -9.3 kcal.mol-1. These four top scoring compounds may act as lead compounds for further experimental validation, clinical trials and even for the development of more potent antiviral agents against the SARS-CoV-2.
Neural Network Sampling of the Free Energy Landscape for Nitrogen Dissociation on Ruthenium
Authors: Lee Elizabeth , Ludwig Thomas , Yu Boyuan , Singh Aayush , Gygi François , Nørskov Jens Kehlet , de Pablo Juan
Published: March 2021

In heterogeneous catalysis, free energy profiles of reactions govern the mechanisms, rates, and equilibria. Energetics are conventionally computed using the harmonic approximation (HA), which requires determination of critical states a priori. Here, we use neural networks to efficiently sample and directly calculate the free energy surface (FES) of a prototypical heterogeneous catalysis reaction—the dissociation of molecular nitrogen on ruthenium—at density functional theory-level accuracy. We find vibrational entropy of surface atoms, often neglected in HA for transition metal catalysts, contributes significantly to the reaction barrier. The minimum free energy path for dissociation reveals an “on-top” adsorbed molecular state prior to the transition state. While a previously reported flat-lying molecular metastable state can be identified in the potential energy surface, it is absent in the FES at relevant reaction temperatures. These findings demonstrate the importance of identifying critical points self-consistently on the FES for reactions that involve considerable entropic effects.
Scaffold Hopping Transformations Using Auxiliary Restraints for Calculating Accurate Relative Binding Free Energies
Authors: Zou Junjie , Li Zhipeng , Liu Shuai , Peng Chunwang , Fang Dong , Wan Xiao , Lin Zhixiong , Lee Tai-Sung , Raleigh Daniel , Yang Mingjun , Simmerling Carlos
Published: March 2021

In silico screening of drug target interactions is a key part of the drug discovery process. Changes in the drug scaffold via contraction or expansion of rings, the breaking of rings and the introduction of cyclic structures from acyclic structures are commonly applied by medicinal chemists to improve binding affinity and enhance favorable properties of candidate compounds. These processes, commonly referred to as scaffold hopping, are challenging to model computationally. Although relative binding free energy (RBFE) calculations have shown success in predicting binding affinity changes caused by perturbing R-groups attached to a common scaffold, applications of RBFE calculations to modeling scaffold hopping are relatively limited. Scaffold hopping inevitably involves breaking and forming bond interactions of quadratic functional forms, which is highly challenging. A novel method for handling ring opening/closure/contraction/expansion and linker contraction/expansion is presented here. To the best of our knowledge, RBFE calculations on linker contraction/expansion have not been previously reported. The method uses auxiliary restraints to hold the atoms at the ends of a bond in place during the breaking and forming of the bonds. The broad applicability of the method was demonstrated by examining perturbations involving small molecule macrocycles and mutations of proline in proteins. High accuracy was obtained using the method for most of the perturbations studied. Unlike other methods that rely on λ-dependent functional forms for bond interactions, the method presented here can be employed using modern MD software without modification of codes or force field functions.
A 3D Cu-Phosphonate Metal-Organic Framework with Cu-Coordination-Enhanced Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Peeples Craig A. , Çetinkaya Ahmet , Schmitt Franz-Josef , Tholen Patrik , Zorlu Yunus , Yu Kai , Yazaydin A. Ozgur , Beckmann Jens , Hanna Gabriel , Yücesan Gündoğ
Published: March 2021

Herein, we report on the synthesis and electronic properties of the phosphonate metal-organic framework (MOF) Cu3(H5-MTPPA)2 (H8-MTPPA = methane tetra-p-phenylphosphonic acid). This MOF, termed TUB1, has a unique one-dimensional inorganic building unit composed of square planar and distorted trigonal bipyramidal copper atoms, and a calculated BET surface area of 766.2 m2/g. The formation of TUB1 reduces the band gap of the linker from 4.2 eV to 2.4 eV. DFT calculations reveal two spin-dependent gaps of 2.60 eV and 0.48 eV for the alpha and beta spins, respectively, and that the lowest unoccupied crystal orbital for both gaps predominantly resides on the square planar copper atoms. Single-crystal conductivity measurements on TUB1 crystals yield an average electrical conductance of 53.2 ± 29.5 S/m. Although the H8-MTPPA linker blocks the extended conjugation in TUB1, we show that the presence of the square planar copper atoms in the inorganic building unit promotes the electrical conductivity.
Can Deep Eutectic Solvents Sustain Oxygen Dependent Bioprocesses? – Measurements of Oxygen Transfer Rates
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Steininger Fabian , Meyer Lars-Erik , Koren Klaus , Kara Selin
Published: March 2021

The oxygen transfer rate (OTR) of dioxygen to solutions describing the transport of oxygen gas from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase of a reaction system over a given period is an important measure for biotechnological applications. The OTRs have already been described for aqueous systems and also recently for organic and non-conventional media, whereas the OTRs of a novel class of solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs), have not been determined yet. In this contribution, we report for the first time on the OTRs of choline chloride:ethylene glycol (ChCl:EG, ‘ethaline’) and ethylammonium chloride:ethylene glycol (EAC:EG, ‘ethethylaline’) while using water as a reference. We applied the dynamic measurement method and found up to 11-fold lower volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) for ethaline and 6-fold lower for ethethylaline when compared to water at 25°C. Furthermore, we investigated the effect temperature (35°C and 45°C) has on the kLa for those solvents.
Beam Search Sampling for Molecular Design and Intrinsic Prioritization with Machine Intelligence
Authors: Moret Michael , Helmstädter Moritz , Grisoni Francesca , Schneider Gisbert , Merk Daniel
Published: March 2021

Chemical language models enable de novo drug design without the requirement for explicit molecular construction rules. While such models have been applied to generate novel compounds with desired bioactivity, the actual prioritization and selection of the most promising computational designs remains challenging. In this work, we leveraged the probabilities learnt by chemical language models with the beam search algorithm as a model-intrinsic technique for automated molecule design and scoring. Prospective application of this method yielded three novel inverse agonists of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs). Each design was synthesizable in three reaction steps and presented low-micromolar to nanomolar potency towards RORg. This model-intrinsic sampling technique eliminates the strict need for external compound scoring functions, thereby further extending the applicability of generative artificial intelligence to data-driven drug discovery.
Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors in COPD Patients With and Without History of Smoking
Authors: Ethirajan Nandagopal  , Sumithra M  , Meenakshi N
Published: March 2021

A prospective cross-sectional study to compare the prevalence and risk factors in chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) patient with and without a history of smoking. This was an observational study conducted in the department of respiratory medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kancheepuram. A total of 206 patients with COPD, diagnosed as per GOLD criteria were enrolled in the study. Out of 206 COPD patients, 164 (79.61%) were men, and 42 (20.4%) were women and their mean age was 62.88 (± 9.53). The prevalence of COPD patients in smokers/ex-smokers were 125 (60.7%) and 81 (39.3%) in never smokers. There were 75 patients (92.59%) in the never smoker cohort and 72 patients (57.6%) in the ex-smoker/smoker cohort found to have at least one non-smoking risk factor for COPD. Biomass Exposure (39.50%), Passive Smoking (22.22%, P=), Co-existing Asthma (22.22%) were the non-smoking risk factors which were found to be present significantly higher in never smokers than smokers/ex-smokers, and the difference was statistically significant (<0.05). A higher proportion of severe patients were in smokers/ex-smokers than non- smokers (41.6% vs 27. 1%). Patients with moderate disease in both groups were found to be of equal proportion (12% vs 11. 11%). The results of the study reiterate that a significant proportion of COPD patients were never smokers and prevalence of non-smoking risk factors were more common in that population.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN WORM INFECTIONS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Sofiana Liena , Gustina Erni , Wardani Yuniar , Ayu Suci Musvita , Maula Aniq Diya Nata
Published: March 2021

Background: Worm disease is an infectious disease that still becomes a public health problem in Indonesia. Worm can cause a decrease in health, nutrition, intelligence and productivity of the sufferers. Worms as parasitic animals do not only take nutrients in the intestines of children, but they also damage the intestinal wall so that they interfere the absorption of these nutrients, consequently, it will impact on the decreasing of one's nutritional status and cause other complex nutritional problems. Moyudan Health Center is a Community Health Center in Moyudan Sub-District Region which has the highest cases of helminthiasis (worm infection). Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between helminthiasis infection and nutritional status.Methods: This was an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional approach. The sample of this study were elementary school students in the work area of Moyudan Health Center with samples of 311 respondents. The sampling technique used by multistage random sampling is the selection of samples consisting of the smallest areas of an area. Faecal examination was carried out by using the direct method and nutritional status assessment was carried out by anthropometric method based on the anthropometric index Body Age Index per Age (BMI / U). Data were analyzed by Fisher's test.Results: The results showed that there were 8 respondents (2.57%) who were positively infected by worms, 28 respondents had underweight nutritional status (9.01%), and 54 respondents had a nutritional status of fat (17.36%). The results of the study showed no correlation between helminthiasis infection and nutritional status (p-value = 0.534).Conclusions: There is no relationship between helminthiasis and nutritional status in elementary school students in the Moyudan Community Health Center Working Area in Sleman Regency with a p-value of 0.534 so that it is concluded that helminthiasis infection does not provide any significant contribution to nutritional status even though cases of helminthiasis still occur in elementary school students. Therefore, it needs more attention from parents, schools and health facilities in dealing with worm problems.
TRAVELER’S KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TO ACCESS TOURISM HEALTH CENTRE AT GUNUNGKIDUL: CASE STUDY AT INDRAYANTI BEACH
Authors: Lating Noval Ali , Sofiana Liena
Published: March 2021

Background: Indrayanti beach located at Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta. The number of tourists visited this beach has increased each year, meaning that it increases the health risks for the tourist and people involved, such as infectious diseases, blisters, lost, injured by objects or marine animals, sea water irritation. However, according to the previous study, a traveler who is accessing the Tourism Health Centre is low. This research aimed to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitude of the travelers in Indrayanti Beach to the traveler’s access to the Tourism Health Centre.Method: Quantitative analytical approach with a cross-sectional study design was applied in this study. Of 106 travelers was participate in this study that was recruited through accidental sampling. A tested questionnaire contained knowledge, and attitude was asked to the Indrayanti visitor. A Chi-square test was used to analyze the result.Results: There is a significant association between knowledge level (p=0.027) and attitude (p = 0.000) to the willingness to access the Tourism Health Centre. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude are the primary aspects of the willingness to access the Tourism Health Centre.
THE DIFFERENT MENTAL HEALTH PATIENT QUALITY OF LIFE DURING SHACKLING, TREATMENT, AND POST TREATMENT
Authors: Widodo Arif , Supratman Supratman
Published: March 2021

Background: Mental health is a well-being mental state associated with happiness, joy, satisfaction, achievement, optimism, and hope. Good mental health allows a harmonious and productive life as an integral part of one's quality of life by taking into account all aspects of human life. This study aims to assess the different quality of life among mental health disorder patients during shackling, treatment, and post-treatment in Sukoharjo Regency.Methods: Quantitative descriptive was used in this study. Our population was all mental disorder patient in Sukoharjo District who has experienced with shackling and finished the treatment in the RSJD “dr Arif Zainudin," Surakarta during 2011-2015. We took total sampling and excluded patients who died, move to another place, and recover. Thirty out of thirty-four post-shackling patients in the Sukoharjo Regency participated in this study. A tested questionnaire was used to collect the data from the patient. The analysis was performed using univariate analysis – central tendency value analysis. Results: We found differences in patients' quality of life during shackling, treatment, and post-treatment. The survivor had the highest quality of life in the post-treatment phase compared to the shackled and treatment period.Conclusions: The quality of life of post-treatment patients is better compared during shackled and treatment.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DENGUE IN JETIS PUBLIC HEALTH CENTRE, YOGYAKARTA 2013-2016
Authors: Asidik Azip Hasbi , Rokhmayanti Rokhmayanti , Supraptiningsih Sri , Puratmaja Yudha
Published: March 2021

Background: Dengue disease is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, especially in urban and semi-urban areas. Of 70% of actual cases exist in Asia. The incidence of DHF in Indonesia during 2018 amounted to 24.73 per 100,000 inhabitants. Yogyakarta City is one of the dengue susceptible areas that receive serious attention from the health authorities. Jetis Public Health Centres is one of the PHC in Yogyakarta with high dengue incidence with one mortality. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of dengue cases based on time, place, people, observe dengue trend, and assess the larva free rate target’s achievement.Methods: This research was descriptive quantitative using secondary data obtained from Jetis Primary Health Centre's health information system, Yogyakarta. Dengue data year 2013-2016 was analysed using descriptive epidemiology (time, place, and people) to show the dengue trend. Last, the larva free rate was compared between targets and achievements.Results: In 2016, the dengue case increased from 81 to 104 in 2014 with one mortality. Out of 104 cases, 37 cases occurred in the Bumijo village, 33 cases in Cokrodiningratan village, 34 cases in Gowongan village. 85.58% of DHF cases occur at age ≥ five years, and 57.69% happen in women. The achievement of larvae free rate was 67.73% and had not reached the determined target. There was a tendency for an increase in dengue cases from May to June during the observed year.Conclusions: 2016 was the peak of dengue cases during 2013-2016. Women and people aged more-equal to five years were the most infected group. Most of the cases were found in Bumijo village. Larva's free rate in Jetis was not achieving the target. June was the peak of the case in 2016.
The Survey of 2013 Curriculum Implementation on Physical Education in the Elementary Schools of Bekasi City
Authors: Yusmawati Yusmawati , Haqiyah Aridhotul , Riyadi Dani Nur
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum in Bekasi Elementary Schools. The method used in this study is the survey method. The sample in this study was a physical education teacher who taught at the Bekasi Elementary School amount of 30 people. The instrument used by the questionnaire of teaching indicators which include: (a) preparation factors, (b) application factors, and (c) evaluation factors. Data analysis technique were descriptive statistics by using the SPSS Version 23 program. The result showed that the 2013 curriculum implementation of physical education teachers is viewed from 3 factors which are as follows: (1) Preparation shows the very high result as many as 32.6%, while as many as 14.8% answered very low, 7.3% answered low, 16.3% answered moderate, and 29.1% answered high, (2) Application shows the high result as many as 35.1%, while as many as 16.4% answered very low, 14.1% answered low, 12.6% answered moderate, and 21.9% answered very high, (3) Evaluation shows the high result as many as 41.9%, while 7.6% answered very low, 7.6% answered low, 11% answered moderate, and 31.9% answered very high. So, the implementation of the 2013 curriculum in Physical Education subjects in Bekasi is already good in the preparation factor and needs improvement in application and the evaluation.
Modelling the Disruptive Innovations
Authors: Kharlov L.
Published: March 2021

Horse carriages, film cameras, and traditional encyclopedia were dethroned by the once bizarre cars, digital cameras, and online resources, respectively. Although such major shifts were happening for at least one hundred years by now, the Theory of disruptive innovations was designed only in the late nineties by a prominent academic and business consultant Clayton Christensen. So, the main questions of my paper are how do disruptive innovations proceed and what are the factors causing the disruption? The existing literature provides a substantial critique of Christensen’s theory and taken this into account. I propose that the disruptions usually succeed due to the random factors or the ones not directly connected to disruption Theory and unfold favourably for incumbents irrespectively of their strategical choices.
The Economic Theory Behind the Global Climate Change
Authors: Zharikov M.
Published: March 2021

This article touches on several polarising subjects in the world environmental crisis. The author attempts to classify the main ideas that can have the same venomous level of disagreements, such as the issue of climate change or global warming. The argument is supported by a healthy majority of people who work in the field with a vocal minority of dissenters as well. The article starts with models about economic growth and the energy industry and how those interact to produce carbon emissions. The author tries to analyse models of how carbon emissions affect climate. Finally, the article outlays the models of how climate affects economic output and health projecting into the future. The research concludes by adding some additional models of how policy changes might affect all of this.
Rereading Marx Again and Again
Authors: Mierzwa Z.
Published: March 2021

Theory, which most accurately captures reality, is a fundamental prerequisite of any analysis of some phenomenon, even hypothetical ones. if dialectical laws of motion exist than, how dialectics of reality express itself in the human mind, i.e. in the form of man’s thoughts (categories)? How we ought to read Marx? I prefer to read all of Marx’s manuscripts, where he made a vast number of notes, comments, etc. These writings were “for himself”, for “clarification for himself”. They are draft research papers intended to clarify things for him. For example, in Grundrisse is Marx’s talking to yourself. It does not only reflect results but, first of all, the process of their emergence. The most interested are so-called digressions, unexpected retreat from the main theme. It was not isolated provocation Jacques Derrida’s affirmation of 1994, that “it will always be a fault not to read and reread and discuss Marx”.
The Development Model of Human Resources at Islamic Universities in Aceh
Authors: Danial Danial , Dewi Nur Sari , Kafrawi Kafrawi
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to explain the development of the Human Resources model at IAIN Lhokseumawe in particular and Islamic Universities in general. The results showed that Human Resource Development at IAIN Lhokseumawe had focused on factors of trust, emotional ties, power relations, and career cycles. However, it had no discipline, did not have a platform that was designed and integrated, did not utilize the spirit of religion and culture as strong energy for the development of human resources. Therefore, IAIN Lhokseumawe is in a need of a comprehensive and futuristic human resource development model. This model was built based on HRD factors, HRD aspects, HRD methods, and HRD strategies/steps. HRD factors were emphasized on the platform designed, the work balance between employees, discipline, and the utilization of the potential of cultural plurality and Islamic spirit as an intrinsic power of human resource development. The development was carried out in an integrated and parallel way between individual development, career, organization, and performance management through flexible work arrangements, knowledge sharing, and the adoption of innovative technologies in a sustainable and strong leadership system.
Formation of City Brand in the Implementation of the Concept of Integrated Development
Authors: Hryhorieva Olesia , Khadartsev Oleksandr , Ivaniuk Artem
Published: March 2021

Modern realities and requirements for sustainable development of territories need ensuring diversity and a certain identification of each city. The relevance of this process is enhanced in terms of implementing the concept of integrated urban development, so the purpose of the article is defined as a spare impact on the formation of the personal brand of the city in the process of successful implementation of integrated development planning. The development and implementation of the concept of integrated development in the cities of Ukraine significantly contributes to the formation of city branding, puts the task of developing and implementing the city brand in the foreground, and provides an opportunity to borrow successful branding experience of European cities. The result of such work is the formulation of a common vision of what the city wants to be, what and how it should achieve, the definition of strategic, operational goals and objectives, among which you can clearly trace the main directions of the city's branding. The foundations of the city's branding are laid in the most important areas of its development, as well as in the visions of the city, which create an opportunity to develop and apply your own brand.
Features of Management and Modeling of Business Processes of Tourist Enterprises
Authors: Bakalo Nadiya , Gryshko Viktor , Sushchenko Olena
Published: March 2021

The main business processes of a tourist enterprise aimed at creating a tourist product are considered. It is defined the essence of the business process of a tourist enterprise and highlighted its properties. The business model is considered and formed, which is divided into four main levels. Several methods have been identified for business process modeling, based on a structured and objectively oriented approach to modeling. The business processes of tourist product realization are structured.
Analysis of threats spread of Ukraine financial security in a pandemic
Authors: Onyshchenko Svitlana , Maslii Oleksandra , Kalenichenko Yevhenii , Kotelevets Marіna
Published: March 2021

Theoretical principles of financial security and its place in the general system of the national economy were covered. It is noted that from the standpoint of the protective approach the key category of financial security is the threat, the source of which is the uncertainty caused by the properties of social phenomena and processes. The economic essence of threats was revealed and their impact on the financial security of business was characterized. The main destructive factors of the shadow economy and corruption on financial security were studied and the reasons for their spread in Ukraine were highlighted. Trends in the level of financial security in the context of comparing it with regulatory values were analyzed. It is proved that the global challenge to financial security of business and the state as a whole is the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a catalyst for real and potential threats with the maximum level of impact on the financial condition and financial results of business entities in modern conditions. Corruption and the shadow economy were considered according to different methodological approaches, as well as on the basis of correlation-regression analysis. The relationship between the impact of corruption and the shadow economy on the level of financial security of Ukraine has been determined. A high direct linear relationship between the levels of financial security of Ukraine and the shadow economy and corruption was detected. The impact of threats on the financial security of business in Ukraine in a pandemic was analyzed and assessed. It is proved that development of business and ensuring its target parameters of financial security in a crisis would minimize the negative impact of modern threats associated with quarantine restrictions. The priority directions of minimization of threats to financial security of business in the conditions of epidemic danger were defined. It is proved that adaptive management in the face of real threats can minimize financial risks for business and create a foundation for further business development in the post-crisis period, when the impact of the threat would be reduced.
An old bridge transformed into a new one: possible, recommendable?
Authors: Carro-López Diego , Fernandez Ignasi , Portal Natalie Williams
Published: March 2021

There is an extensive network of reinforced concrete bridges that give service to roads, highways and railways. These structures where constructed with quality standards of the past, and they suffer of severe problems. Now we consider the idea of substituting them with structural elements with much longer service life. However, there is an important question to be addressed in this area: what to do with the existing infrastructure that would be demolished. Even more if we consider environmental issues.

One good example of this recurrent problem could be found in the case of the Gullspång bridge (Sweden). It was constructed in 1935 and it was severely damaged with corrosion. The administration decided in the 2016 that no further repair would be done and that the bridge would be demolished and a new erected in substitution. A fraction of the concrete from the old bridge was crushed and processed to produce new aggregate. With this aggregate, using the coarse fraction, it was analyzed the structural effect of replacing natural aggregates with these recycled aggregates. The performance of the new structural elements was positive, and it seems that a high percentage of the natural aggregates could be replaced with recycled ones.
Optimization of orthotropic girders in cable supported bridges by parametric studies
Authors: Baandrup Mads , Poulsen Peter Noe , Olesen John Forbes , Polk Henrik
Published: March 2021

For the last six decades closed-box orthotropic steel girders have been widely used in cable supported bridges due to their simple but useful structural concepts. Several numerical parametric studies were previously carried out in order to investigate inherent fatigue stress problems and in general, to improve the bridge girder designs. However, often such studies have been carried out with over-simplified finite element models, especially where boundary conditions have been challenging. In the present work, an advanced multi-scale FE model of a suspension bridge is established with sophisticated boundary conditions applied to a local parametric sub-model of a bridge girder. Thus, the model accommodates realistic support conditions. With this sub-model, a parametric study of the usual design parameters is carried out with focus on fatigue and a Eurocode stiffness requirement. The study reveals trends and correlations for the varying design parameters. Finally, the parametric sub-model is utilized in an automatic gradient-based optimization of multiple design variables simultaneously with the goal of minimizing weight. The methods allow bridge engineers to push material utilization to its limits by giving new insight into the effect of changing design parameters.
Collapse Simulation of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures in Earthquakes
Authors: Yang Yang , Gu Xianglin
Published: March 2021

A simulation system based on the discrete element method (DEM) was developed to simulate the collapse behavior of damaged reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures in earthquakes. A frame structure was discretized into beam-column-joint discrete system according to its failure mode. The elements were assumed to be cuboid, and a group of concrete springs and steel bar springs were set between two adjacent elements to represent their interactions. The failure of material was initiated by fracture of springs, and the impact actions among separated components were considered. Using the simulation system, the full-range collapse process of an RC frame, including debris stacking, was visually simulated. The efficiency of the system was verified by comparing the simulated collapse behavior with that observed in a collapse experiment. A new method, in which concrete springs and steel bar springs were cut off in advance to simulate the respective initial imperfection, was proposed to model earthquake-induced damage states of RC frame structures. Then displacement loadings were conducted to form the respective damage states. Finally, a parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the collapse processes of the RC frame with different scenarios of initial damage. The results indicated that the initial damages on columns were of greater influence on collapse patterns than the initial damages on beams, and the residual interstory drifts were nonnegligible in evaluating the structural collapse resistance.
Reduction of Seismic Risk of Infrastructure via Daily Management Works
Authors: Mizutani Daijiro
Published: March 2021

During recent years, the possibility that damage at the time of earthquake could change depending on the deterioration condition of infrastructure has been noted through analytical calculations. Faced with such a possibility, management policy should be optimized by internalizing the external elements of earthquake damage, evaluating the appropriateness of management policy for infrastructure, and optimizing the system. In this study, the deterioration process for infrastructure was modelled using the Markov process model, and a methodology to determine the optimal management policy is proposed by considering the two risks: i) the risk that infrastructure fails because of deterioration independent of external factors such as an earthquake, and ii) the risk of infrastructure failure at the time of earthquake, which changes due to deterioration of the infrastructure. In an example of the application, it is demonstratively shown that the optimal management policy would change in the case where earthquake risk is not considered.
Parametric study of the load-bearing mechanisms in RC beam-grids to resist progressive collapse
Authors: Droogné Didier , Botte Wouter , Caspeele Robby
Published: March 2021

Recently, several structural failures demonstrated the disastrous consequences of progressive collapse and raised the awareness of the engineering community. However the low probability of progressive collapse makes it uneconomical to design every building against progressive collapse using conventional design methods. Furthermore in most cases the initiating events of progressive collapses are unknown during the design. As such, consideration of secondary load-carrying mechanisms can be an effective alternative. These mechanisms include compressive arch action (CAA) and tensile catenary action (TCA) in reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Several researchers have investigated the effects of CAA and TCA experimentally and numerically in individual RC beams. However to date limited studies have been carried out to study these mechanisms in RC beam-grids. Hence in this contribution a validated numerical model is developed to study and quantify the individual contributions and development of the different mechanisms in RC beam-grids. Parametric studies are performed in relation to the influence of the aspect ratio of the grid, reinforcement ratio and ultimate reinforcement strain.
Remaining Capacity of Corroded Gusset Plate Connection
Authors: Miyashita Takeshi , Pham Ngoc Vinh , Ohgaki Kazuo , Okuyama Yusuke , Hidekuma Yuya , Harada Takuya
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, severe damage on the gusset plate connection of steel truss bridges due to corrosion has been widely reported all over the world. In this context, the remaining load-carrying capacity of a corroded gusset plate connection was evaluated by using the loading test and Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. Two potential forms of corrosion on the gusset plate, namely welding and cross-sectional corrosion, were proposed to investigate the reduction of load-carrying capacity. The overall FEM model dimension for the real bridge was scaled down by a percentage of 50%. The degrees of corrosion sections were assumed disconnected at about 50% of the weld length and the loss of the gusset plate thickness was 50% and 75%. Parametric FEM analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the degree of corrosion on the remaining load-carrying capacity of the gusset plate connection.
Structural safety and design under climate change
Authors: Croce Pietro , Formichi Paolo , Landi Filippo
Published: March 2021

The impact of climate change on climatic actions could significantly affect, in the mid-term future, the design of new structures as well as the reliability of existing ones designed in accordance to the provisions of present and past codes. Indeed, current climatic loads are defined under the assumption of stationary climate conditions but climate is not stationary and the current accelerated rate of changes imposes to consider its effects.

Increase of greenhouse gas emissions generally induces a global increase of the average temperature, but at local scale, the consequences of this phenomenon could be much more complex and even apparently not coherent with the global trend of main climatic parameters, like for example, temperature, rainfalls, snowfalls and wind velocity.

In the paper, a general methodology is presented, aiming to evaluate the impact of climate change on structural design, as the result of variations of characteristic values of the most relevant climatic actions over time. The proposed procedure is based on the analysis of an ensemble of climate projections provided according a medium and a high greenhouse gas emission scenario. Factor of change for extreme value distribution’s parameters and return values are thus estimated in subsequent time windows providing guidance for adaptation of the current definition of structural loads.

The methodology is illustrated together with the outcomes obtained for snow, wind and thermal actions in Italy. Finally, starting from the estimated changes in extreme value parameters, the influence on the long-term structural reliability can be investigated comparing the resulting time dependent reliability with the reference reliability levels adopted in modern Structural codes.
Study of Column Buckling Lengths of Braced and Unbraced Frames in Fire Situations
Authors: Stujberová Magdalena , Ároch Rudolf
Published: March 2021

The problem of fire resistance of steel structures is still a very actual topic, because there is a need to suitably evaluate the fire resistance and safety of structures exposed to fire hazard. Rules given in the parts of structural Eurocodes devoted to fire design do not cover all relevant design issues. In the case of the buckling resistance of steel columns exposed to fire the Eurocode gives rules only for braced frames in which each storey comprises a separate fire compartment, where it is possible to reduce the buckling length to 0.5L (intermediate storey) or 0.7L (top storey) thanks to the fact, that the hot column is „fixed“ to the cold ones in the storeys above and under. For the case of unbraced frames there are no special rules, the columns should be verified with the procedures as for normal temperature design. Several authors dedicated their efforts to the problem of modelling the real behaviour of entire frame buildings in fire situation. The aim of this paper is to show the behaviour of braced and unbraced frame structure by simple analysis with a FEM programme and to compare the results with some other procedures from the literature.
The 200-year Bridge Substructure – Foundations for Resilience and Sustainability
Authors: Nolan Steven J. , Cadenazzi Thomas , Rossini Marco , Nanni Antonio , Knight Chase , Lasa Ivan
Published: March 2021

For coastal water crossings, the most susceptible elements to deterioration are the foundations, especially in the tidal and splash zones. The bridge substructure is usually the most time-consuming, environmentally- sensitive, and construction-risky element to build. Multiple technologies are now available for the rapid and economical replacement of bridge superstructures, that can reuse existing foundations efficiently. Widening of existing structures can equally benefit from the reuse of existing foundations in good condition, if the span lengths are set appropriately with consideration for future needs. History shows us that surface transportation design criteria, public needs, and travel modes are transient. With autonomous vehicles and increasing light-rail demand, predicting future lane widths, loadings or bridge widening requirements even in the next 50 years is challenging. Therefore, durable, adaptable, and reusable-resilient foundations represent a low risk, sustainable investment for a 200-year bridge, especially when compared to bridge superstructures. The successful design for such an ambitious goal is also dependent on selecting the appropriate geometric and hydraulic parameters for anticipated needs of such as: flow capacity; navigational clearance; and potential changes in design elevations either due to sea-level rise and/or increasing storm surge and wave crest heights. This paper explores some of the latest reinforced/prestressed concrete solutions that are emerging to meet these ambitious but worthy goals.
Load Testing of a Nonproprietary UHPC and HPC Superstructure
Authors: Alahmari Turki S. , Kennedy Christopher , Weldon Brad D. , Jáuregui David V. , McGinnis Michael J. , Gangone Michael V.
Published: March 2021

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) provides superior properties compared to conventional concretes. However, due to the high cost of materials and lack of familiarity and design codes, the use of UHPC is still limited in structural applications. Research at New Mexico State University (NMSU) has developed nonproprietary UHPC using materials local to New Mexico, USA. The mixture proportions reduce costs while improving sustainability and maintaining the advanced mechanical and durability properties characteristic of UHPC. The superstructure of Bridge 9706, a two-span bridge near Anthony, New Mexico, was recently constructed to incorporate one span using nonproprietary UHPC and one span using high-performance concrete (HPC). To investigate the behavior of the bridge, load tests were conducted. External sensors were attached to the girders of both spans to measure strains during testing. Additionally, digital image correlation (DIC) was used on the sides of the exterior girders to measure deflections and strains. Loaded trucks were used to apply a load to the bridge through different load paths and configurations. Results of the load tests are presented and the behavior of the UHPC and HPC span under similar load conditions are compared.