bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors and Causes of Puerperal Sepsis in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: A Descriptive Study among Postnatal Women who Attended Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre
Authors: C. Kajeguka Debora , Reuben Mrema Neema , Mawazo Akili , Malya Rosemary , R Mgabo Maseke
Published: December 2020

Background: Puerperal sepsis is the major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. About 94% of maternal mortality occur in low and middle-income countries including Tanzania. Objective: To estimate the prevalence, document factors and causes of puerperal sepsis among postnatal women who attended postnatal care in Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Hospital in the year 2015. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania. A total of 183 medical records of attendance in 2015 were used for the study. Information about the isolated organism in culture was retrieved from the Laboratory Information System. Results: The prevalence of puerperal sepsis was 11.5% (21/183). The most common factors and causes of puerperal sepsis included caesarean section 66.7% (14/21), postpartum haemorrhage 57.1% (12/21), moderate to severe anaemia 61.9% (13/21), prolonged labour 76.2% (16/21) and bacterial infection 90.5% (19/21). The difference was significant at p<.05. The most bacteria species isolated among women with puerperal sepsis was Staphylococcus spp 50.0% (7/14), Escherichia 28.6% (4/14) and Streptococcus spp 21.4% (3/14). Conclusion: Puerperal sepsis is prevalent (11.5%) at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre. Staphylococcus spp was found to be a predominant isolate which causes puerperal sepsis followed by E. coli and Streptococcus spp.
Good governance in strategic planning of local development in rural and urban-rural gminas of the eastern peripheral voivodeships of Poland
Authors: Guzal-Dec Danuta , Zbucki Łukasz , Kuś Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

The work aimed to determine the scope of the good governance approach in the local development planning of local governments of rural and urban-rural gminas in the eastern peripheral voivodeships of Poland (Lubelskie, Podlaskie and Świętokrzyskie Voivodeships) and how the implementation of good governance principles in the process of elaborating and implementing local development strategies correlates with assessments of the strategy's suitability as a development management tool. The research used methods of analysis and criticism of the literature, statistical analysis and a survey method using an interview questionnaire addressed to local government authorities. According to our research, especially at the stage of developing the strategy, actions were taken regarding local-community and local-authority participation and active communication between the two, but a lower level of community participation was found at the implementation stage. There was a statistically significant relationship between adopting the principle of participation and accountability in preparing and implementing the strategy and how suitable the strategy was assessed to be as a tool for development management. It seems reasonable to apply the principles of good governance more widely in planning local development, not only while developing the strategy, but also in its implementation.
Potential and cumulative accessibility of workplaces by public transport in Szczecin
Authors: Goliszek Sławomir , Połom Marcin , Duma Patryk
Published: December 2020

The article presents the accessibility of workplaces in Szczecin using the method of potential and cumulative accessibility for commuting by public transport. The public transport commuting times used in the study were generated using the public transport model, which was developed based on data in the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) format. The results of potential accessibility by public transport were calculated for several selected time thresholds in the morning rush hours between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m.. On the other hand, cumulative accessibility is characterised by variability of travel times for 8 a.m., which is calculated in 10- to 60-minute intervals of travel time. The aim of this study is to identify workplaces in Szczecin that are situated in areas where accessibility is more dependent on the parameters of the public-transport timetable. In addition, a possibility to define the optimal journey length was assumed so that it would regard the largest number of jobs. The use of the two indicated research methods for the accessibility of workplaces in Szczecin provides a result in the form of better- and less-accessible areas of the city as regards the labour market. The results regarding the accessibility of workplaces using the two methods identify places of increased demand for commuting by public transport during the morning rush hours.
A note on the optimal scope of professional self-regulation
Authors: Szczygielski Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Professions such as doctors and lawyers often enjoy some degree of self-regulation, i.e. they can set the codes of conduct in the market and even determine the rules for joining the profession. We address the problem of the optimal scope of self-regulation. Specifically, we model a profession that can decide about the quality of the service, and we examine if the profession should also be allowed to determine the number of suppliers. We assume that a larger number of professionals reduce the fixed cost of providing quality, and hence the motive to restrict entry is mitigated. Nonetheless, we find that for well-behaved fixed costs functions, the size of the profession preferred by the professionals is smaller than the socially optimal one. Still, if the only alternative to self-regulation is free entry to the profession, then self-regulation is the preferable regime. These findings are relevant for the services that are difficult to substitute by the services produced outside the profession.
Comprehensive defence in Latvia – rebranding state defence and call for society's involvement
Authors: Atmante Kristine
Published: December 2020

This article explores how comprehensive defence has been introduced in Latvia, and focuses on society's involvement and tasks in the state defence. This approach envisages a significant change in society's relationship with the armed forces and state defence. Differently from many other countries, Latvia maintains its system without introducing conscription and instead puts efforts towards youth education in defence. Additionally, the Ministry of Defence involves different society groups and NGOs in defining their role in state defence. This article also discusses the concepts of resistance and non-collaboration as part of comprehensive defence.
Export Development of Belarus
Authors: Samakhavets Maryia , Hrechyshkina Olena
Published: December 2020

The paper contains a deep analysis of exports of Belarus and defines the proposals for its development. Economic comparisons and systematisation, which is based on the official statistical data for 2012–2018, are used in the study. It is concluded that Belarus exports have a poor diversification; export development is largely determined by Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) integrating processes; export support of innovative goods and evolution of a single service market through the enhanced cooperation are possible. A generalised model for the export development of innovative goods and services of the EAEU member states on a cooperative basis is proposed.
Exploring the Role of Socio-Economic and Built Environment Driving Factors in Shaping the Commuting Modal Share: A Path-Analysis-Based Approach
Authors: Boukarta Soufiane , Berezowska-Azzag Ewa
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the role of the built environment and socio-economic drivers in shaping the modal share of commuting. For this, we have identified through our literature review 67 potential variables categorised into two groups; the built environment and the households’ socio-economic characteristics. We have considered the city of Djelfa as a case study and used the questionnaire as a data collection tool. The questionnaire processing of the 700 questionnaires provided to the households allowed us to select 184 questionnaires for our analysis. The sensitivity analysis protocol is designed for two stages; (i) an exploratory stage, conducted by principal component analysis and bivariate correlation analysis; (ii) and a confirmatory stage conducted by a path analysis. The first step allowed us to hypothesise several causal pathways that could explain, directly or indirectly, the modal share of commuting. The results of the path analysis show that the modal shares of walking, private car and public transit are controlled by 13, 16 and 12 explanatory variables, respectively. Overall, the socio-economic characteristics of households discourage walking and transit use, and encourage private car commuting. On the other hand, the variables identified in this paper related to the built environment discourage walking, but encourage the use of public transit rather than private cars for commuting.
Bansi Organology: Minangkabau Wind Instrument Production of Hamdan Thawil in Padangpanjang
Authors: Hidayat Hengki Armez , Yensharti Yensharti , Saaduddin Saaduddin
Published: December 2020

This research examines the production process of making Minangkabau wind instrument, Bansi, produced by Hamdan Thawil. This research began by observing the stages of making Bansi, then about production factors that affect the production process. The results of this study include; 1) the selection and processing of raw materials, 2) the use of tools, 3) the manufacturing phase of Bansi and the factors of production; 1) natural resource factor, 2) human resource factor, 3) capital resource factor and 4) expertise/ skill factor. The research was conducted with a case study approach and using qualitative methods. Data collection techniques were carried out using participatory observation, interviews, documentation, and triangulation. Organologi Bansi: Alat Musik Tiup Minangkabau Produksi Hamdan Thawil di Padangpanjang. Penelitian ini mengkaji proses produksi pembuatan alat musik tiup Minangkabau, Bansi, produksi Hamdan Thawil. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan mengamati tahapan pembuatan bansi, kemudian tentang faktor-faktor produksi yang mempengaruhi proses produksi. Hasil penelitian ini meliputi; 1) pemilihan dan pengolahan bahan baku, 2) penggunaan alat, 3) tahap pembuatan bansi dan faktor produksi; 1) faktor sumber daya alam, 2) faktor sumber daya manusia, 3) faktor sumber daya permodalan dan 4) faktor keahlian/keterampilan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi partisipatif, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan triangulasi.
KERANGKA MANUSIA DARI SITUS GUA JAUHARLIN 1, KOTA BARU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN [THE HUMAN SKELETON FROM GUA JAUHARLIN 1, KOTA BARU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN]
Authors: Murti Delta Bayu , Herwanto Eko , Fajari Nia Marniati Etie , Oktrivia Ulce , Kuswanta Gregorius Dwi , Wibisono Muhammad Wishnu , Koesbardiati Toetik
Published: December 2020

Penelitian di situs Gua Jauharlin 1 telah dilakukan selama dua tahun, pada 2018 dan 2019. Pada tahun kedua diperoleh temuan kerangka manusia. Kondisinya hampir lengkap, tanpa bagian kaki, dan diberi kode GJL 1.1. Akan tetapi, di dekat cranium GJL 1.1, ditemukan sepasang tulang kaki manusia yang diduga milik individu GJL 1.1. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan identitas rangka GJL 1.1 berkaitan dengan data individu dan analisis konteks kuburnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis makroskopis untuk data individu GJL 1.1, serta pendekatan arkeotanatologi untuk analisis konteks kuburnya. Analisis makroskopis menghasilkan informasi profil biologis GJL 1.11, yang mengindikasikan individu berjenis kelamin laki-laki, umur 26,9-42,5 tahun, tinggi badan 155,1 cm–165 cm, dan memiliki afiliasi dengan populasi Asia. Aktivitas mengunyah sirih pinang terindikasi berdasarkan fitur warna kuning kecoklatan pada permukaan labial dan buccal gigi individu GJL 1.1. Hasil analisis arkeotanatologi menunjukkan arsitektur kubur peletakan-penimbunan mayat GJL 1.1, serta tipe kubur yang bersifat primer. Hasil uji short tandem repeat combined deoxyribonucleic acid index system (STR CODIS) dengan menggunakan sampel dari sepasang tulang kaki dan rangka GJL 1.1, menunjukkan bahwa keduanya adalah individu yang berbeda.

The two-season researches in Gua Jauharlin 1 site were carried out in 2018 and 2019. A human skeleton, sans its lower limbs, was discovered during the second season of excavation and coded GJL 1.1. However, a pair of human leg bones were found close to the cranium of GJL 1.1, which was suggested to belong to the individual of GJL 1.1. The research objective was to determine the identity of the GJL 1.1 in association with its individual attribute and the analysis of its burial context. This study uses a macroscopic analysis method to obtain individual data of GJL 1.1, as well as an archeothanatology approach to analyse the burial context. The macroscopic analysis yielded information on the biological profile of GJL 1.11 suggesting the individual is male, aged 26.9-42.5 years, height 155.1-165 cm, and has an affiliation with the Asian population. The brownish-yellow stain on the labial and buccal surface of human teeth of GJL 1.1 indicate betel nut chewing. The result of archeothanatological analysis suggests the architecture of the burial of GJL 1.1 with regard to laying-covering corpses and a primary burial. The results of the short tandem repeat combined deoxyribonucleic acid index system (STR CODIS) test, using samples from a pair of leg bones and the GJL 1.1 skeleton, indicate that the two came from different individuals.
PROSES PEMBENTUKAN BUDAYA DAN DINAMIKA FUNGSI SARKOFAGUS PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI PETANU [CULTURAL FORMATION PROCESS AND THE FUNCTION DYNAMICS OF SARCOPHAGUS IN THE PETANU RIVER CATCHMENT]
Authors: Arisanti Nyoman , Sunarya Nyoman
Published: December 2020

Terdapat tiga daerah aliran sungai (DAS) yang mengandung tinggalan arkeologi yang tinggi, antara lain adalah DAS Pakerisan, DAS Wos, dan DAS Petanu. Salah satu tinggalan arkeologi masa prasejarah yang ditemukan pada DAS Petanu adalah sarkofagus. Sarkofagus DAS Petanu masih difungsikan oleh penduduk setempat sampai saat ini. Sarkofagus masuk kembali dalam sistem konteks sekali lagi, setelah melalui serangkaian proses pembentukan budaya, dan perubahan fungsi dalam tatanan kehidupan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses pembentukan budaya yang terjadi pada sarkofagus. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan fungsi sarkofagus dan faktor yang melatarbelakangi perubahan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan induktif-kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Sarkofagus telah mengalami berbagai proses mulai dari buat, pakai, buang, hingga digunakan kembali oleh masyarakat setempat saat ini. Terlepas dari signifikansinya dalam sistem ideologis, sarkofagus telah mengalami pergeseran fungsi dari konteks pemakaman menjadi ritus keagamaan yang lebih sakral. Perubahan fungsi sarkofagus ini disebabkan karena adanya perubahan ideologi masyarakat masa kini, dan adanya kepercayaan mengenai kekuatan benda kuno dalam masyarakat Hindu di Bali.

There are three river catchments (DAS) that present abundant archaeological remains, including the Pakerisan, the Wos, and the Petanu. One of the prehistoric archaeological remains found in the Petanu river catchment is a sarcophagus. The sarcophagi of the Petanu river catchment are still used by local residents today. After going through a series of processes of cultural formation and changes in function in people’s living structure, once again the Petanu sarcophagi re-enters a context system. This study aims to comprehend the cultural formation process that has affected the purpose of the Petanu sarcophagi. Further, this study also aims to determine changes in the function of sarcophagi and the factors which caused the changes. This study uses qualitative-inductive reasoning. Data was collected by interview, observation, and literature study. The sarcophagi have undergone various processes ranging from making, using, disposing of, to being reused by the local community today. Despite its significance in the ideological system, the sarcophagus has undergone a shift in function from the context of a funeral to that of a more sacred religious rite. Such alteration in the function of the sarcophagus is due to changes in the ideology of today's society, and the belief in the power of ancient objects in Hindu society in Bali.
ПОЧВООБРАЗУЮЩЕЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ВЫНОСЯЩЕЙ (ПЕРЕОТЛОЖНОЙ) ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КРОТА ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО (TALPA EUROPAEA, L) В ТАЕЖНОМ БИОГЕОЦЕНОЗЕ
Authors: Пилипко Е.Н. , Харченко Н.Н. , Вернодубенко В.С.
Published: December 2020

Кротовые выбросы (кротовины) представляют собой перемешанные поверхностные слои почвы, в которых наблюдается положительная динамика основных физико-химических свойств почвы – снижение плотности, влажности, кислотности и увеличение содержания органического вещества (гумуса), особенно в первые 3 месяца после образования выбросов. В результате исследований были определены наиболее предпочитаемые для крота европейского (Talpa europaea) биогеоценозы Вологодской области. Наиболее заселенными оказались лесные биогеоценозы с влажными участками на опушках леса и на пограничных лесных территориях. Также крот предпочитает смешанные молодняки на вырубках. Одним из лимитирующих факторов выносящей деятельности крота является гранулометрический состав почвы. Выявлено, что крот охотнее осваивает территории с легкими и средними суглинками, в то время как на участках с более легкими супесчаными и тяжелыми суглинистыми почвами активность крота снижается. Получены данные о площади повреждений кротом почвенного покрова в разных лесных биоценозах. Одним из положительных факторов деятельности крота является создание благоприятных условий для восстановления растительных сообществ на антропогенно-нарушенных территориях (вырубках) в результате качественных улучшений физико-химических свойств почвы.
Determinants of outcomes in chronic pediatric peritoneal dialysis: a single center experience
Authors: Asi Tariq , Tekgül Serdar , Aki Fazıl T , Özaltın Fatih , Gülhan Bora , Bozacı Ali C , Bahadır Ömer F , Karakurt Gökhan , Doğan Hasan S , Düzova Ali , Topaloğlu Rezzan
Published: December 2020

Background. In situations where it may take a long time to perform renal transplantation peritoneal dialysis may become a long-term maintenance treatment, especially in countries with low donor rates. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate peritonitis, catheter revision and survival rates in children on chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD); and to define related factors in a single tertiary center from a WHO upper middle income country.
Methods. Between January 1998 and September 2018, data of pediatric patients receiving CPD with a followup longer than 3 months were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, clinical and catheter-related data were collected. Patients were grouped as being operated before/after 2009 in order to evaluate the effects of 2 different periods on outcomes.
Results. A total of 229 catheters in 132 patients were included in the study. The female to male ratio was 60/72. The mean age at the time of dialysis was 8.9 ± 5.5 years. The median follow-up period was 22.5 months (IQR 8.25-50; range 3-139). Peritonitis incidence in 1998-2008 and 2009-2018 periods was 0.13 episodes/patient-year and 0.09 episodes/ patient-year, respectively. The overall revision rate was 1 per 46.7 patient-months. Peritonitis history was the only independent risk factor for access revision (p=0.003). Peritoneal dialysis failure was observed in 25% (33/132) of patients. The need for catheter revision due to any cause, the presence of peritonitis, history of HD and infancy were independent risk factors for PD failure. The overall mortality rate was 15.2%(20/132). Having a history of temporary PD catheter placement and being infant were independent risk factors for mortality.
Conclusions. Access revision is still an important complication leading to PD failure despite the development of surgical techniques. Peritonitis is the most important cause of access revision and PD failure.
The effect of warts on quality of life in Turkish pediatric patients
Authors: Akdoğan Neslihan , Yıldırım Sema Koç , Kültür Ebru , Evans Sibel Ersoy
Published: December 2020

Background. The negative effect of genital and extragenital warts on adult patient quality of life (QoL) is well known; however, the literature lacks data on the effect of extragenital warts on Turkish pediatric patient QoL. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of extragenital warts that persist for ≥6 months on Turkish pediatric patient QoL, as well as to determine the relationship between patient demographic and clinical characteristics, and QoL.
Methods. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 (PedsQLTM 4.0) was administered to 85 children and their parents (patient group), and 85 age- and gender-matched children without any skin disease and their parents (control group). Children`s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) was administered to the patients. Higher CDLQI and PedsQLTM are indicative of lower QoL.
Results. Median wart duration and median age at the time of wart onset was 12 months (range 6-84) and 10 years (range 1-16), respectively. In the patient group mean (±Standard deviation [SD]) CDLQI score was 5.20 ± 5.97, and warts had the greatest negative effect on CDLQI symptoms and feelings scores. Mean (±SD) PedsQLTM total score was higher in the affected patients than that for the controls (23.42 ± 12.33 versus 15.81 ± 7.37, P < 0.001), and school, social and emotional functionality subscales exhibited the greatest differences between these groups. Mean (±SD) PedsQLTM total score for the patients` parents was higher than that for the controls` parents (25.94 ± 12.49 versus 17.81 ± 6.87, P < 0.001), and social and emotional functionality subscales exhibited the greatest difference between these groups.
Conclusions. The findings show that Turkish children with warts that persist for ≥6 months had lower QoL than the controls.
Evaluation of blood pressure responses to treadmill exercise test in normotensive children of hypertensive parents
Authors: Özdemir Gökmen , Köşger Pelin , Uçar Birsen
Published: December 2020

Background. Hypertension is a progressive disease with a prehypertensive phase. The most important feature of this period is the abnormal cardiovascular reactivity to various stressors. In our study, we focused on normotensive children of hypertensive parents, a special group that is at risk.
Methods. We evaluated the children according to age, studying whether they showed higher cardiovascular reactivity at different steps of an exercise test and during a recovery period than their counterparts with a negative history. A total of 110 normotensive children who were between the ages of 6 and 18 years were enrolled into the study. Sixty-two children whose parent(s) had a history of hypertension formed the study group while 48 without this history formed the control group. An exercise test was performed according to the Bruce protocol. Maximal systolic blood pressures and systolic blood pressures were taken while the participants were at rest; during phases 2 and 3; and also in the first, third, and sixth minutes of the recovery period.
Results. Measurements were significantly higher in the study group (p < 0.05). In the group of children between the ages of 6 and 10 years, cardiovascular responses were similar. Children older than 10 years, however, had significantly higher blood pressure levels than those in the control group. The children who were at risk of hypertension showed more exaggerated cardiovascular responses during the exercise test and recovery period. This response was particularly evident for those children 10 years of age and older.
Conclusions. Our study indicates that treadmill exercise is a safe and effective investigational method which can be used to identify children who are at risk for development of hypertension before this condition becomes clinically evident.
Komodifikasi Perempuan pada Iklan Pond's Perfecting Cream Edisi WOW! Featuring Maudy Ayunda (2019)
Authors: Fauziah Nurul , Puspita Ratna
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membongkar makna simbol atau bahasa verbal dan nonverbal dalam iklan Pond’s Edisi WOW! untuk mengetahui praktik komodifikasi perempuan pada iklan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian lainnya, yakni mengetahui makna realitas, makna representasi, dan makna ideologi dalam iklan Pond's Edisi WOW! Featuring Maudy Ayunda (2019). Komodifikasi perempuan pada iklan ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik femvertising (female advertising) bukan berarti tidak menempatkan perempuan sebagai objek. Alih-alih melakukan pemberdayaan perempuan, praktik femvertising justru membuat perempuan semakin terpinggirkan dalam teks media. Perempuan dicitrakan beragam hanya pada persoalan gaya berpakaian, dan warna kulit, bukan pada hal-hal subtansial seperti kerja keras, independensi, dan determinasi. Penelitian ini beranggapan bahwa praktik femvertising bukanlah strategi memberdayakan perempuan dengan mengkonstruksikan pesan-pesan yang membangun. Praktik femvertising hanyalah kedok kapitalisme untuk membungkus iklan dengan daya tarik tertentu sehingga perempuan memberikan perhatian. Perhatian perempuan kepada suatu produk akan mengantarkannya kepada keputusan membeli, yang pada gilirannya akan mendatangkan keuntungan bagi produk. Kata kunci:komodifikasi, perempuan dalam iklan, semiotika, john fiske
Rethinking Repatriation: Karen Refugees on the Thai-Myanmar Border
Authors:   ,   Southern Methodist University, Perkins Carrie
Published: December 2020

In this dissertation, I explore the experience of Karen refugees living inside a refugee camp along the Thai-Myanmar border in one of the world’s most protracted refugee situations. This research situates displacement within theories of time, (im)mobility and resistance while also drawing on literature in forced migration concerning repatriation, exile, protracted refugee situations and policy development. A key component of this work focuses on analyzing the relationship between resistance and waiting by applying these concepts to the experience of Karen refugees who have spent decades waiting in camps while currently being faced with a voluntary repatriation program. I frame voluntary repatriation as a globally accepted durable solution to protracted refugee situations and as such, the preferred outcome of protracted displacement by the international refugee regime. Building on conceptualizations of waiting as an active strategy, I add both strategy and resistance to this concept in the context of protracted refugee situations, showing how I will further develop this theoretical framework through my own ethnographic work. Since my contribution to this theoretical trajectory is to make ‘waiting as resistance’ and ‘waiting as strategy’ central to an analysis of the repatriation framework, I will explain how holistic frameworks of return can guide effective policy implementation.
Os Kiriri dos “sertões” da Bahia
Authors: Souza Pedro Daniel dos Santos , Rodrigues Jardel Jesus Santos , Almeida Fernanda Lima , Souza Élvia Martins Falcão
Published: December 2020

Até meados do século XVIII, a América portuguesa caracterizava-se por um multilinguismo generalizado (MATTOS E SILVA, 2004), sendo o português uma das diversas línguas faladas e por uma minoria da população. A política linguística implementada pelo governo de D. José I (1750-1777), por meio do Diretório dos índios, determinou o uso da língua portuguesa como obrigatória entre as populações indígenas e proibiu o uso das línguas nativas dos diversos grupos etnolinguísticos e da(s) língua(s) geral(is), o que desempenhou um papel crucial para o glotocídio testemunhado a partir da segunda metade dos Setecentos. Nos “sertões” da Bahia, o povo Kiriri, através de um processo de substituição linguística, deixou de falar sua língua, o Kipeá, e, progressivamente, adotou o português como língua materna. A partir da demanda dos Kiriri por assessoria linguística, foi criada a Ação Curricular em Comunidade e Sociedade (ACCS) – Educação Diferenciada e Revitalização de Línguas Indígenas, na Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), com o objetivo de discutir os processos de enfraquecimento e substituição das línguas indígenas pelas línguas nacionais dominantes, dando ênfase às implicações sociopolíticas globais e linguísticas que estão envolvidas nesse processo. Assim, no presente trabalho, apresentamos um relato das experiências da referida ACCS na formação dos sujeitos envolvidos na elaboração e definição das políticas linguísticas para os Kiriri do sertão baiano, caracterizadas pela premente necessidade de realização de um projeto de documentação linguística que sirva de base para revitalização da língua indígena desejada e demandada pela comunidade.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER TRAINING COMPLEXES FOR TRAINING PERSONNEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL PLANTS
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, BABIDORICH M. I. , PENKOVA P. S. ,   PJSC «ONHP», Omsk, Russia
Published: December 2020

The need for the use of computer simulators for training operational personnel of explosive technological facilities is determined by Federal rules and regulations. The object of automation is the process of training operators to control of a technological installation. The result of the work is the inclusion in the system of personnel training of new automated tools and methods of training that can improve the quality of professional training.
OPTIMAL REALIZATION HEAT EXCHANGE IN THE PROCESSES OF GAS FRACTIONATION
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, BABIDORICH M. I. , PENKOVA P. S. ,   PJSC «ONHP», Omsk, Russia, REUTOVA O. A. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: December 2020

He article presents a study of gas fractionating plant, which is associated with the problem of high energy consumption for heating and cooling of technological flows. To solve this problem, a method of heat utilization of isopentane fraction streams and gas gasoline for heating cold streams was proposed. This process of heat exchange was integrated into the existing network of heat exchangers and analyzed using the pinch analysis method. The plant model developed at Aspen HYSYS using data from real plants was exported to Aspen Energy Analyzer. Analysis of the heat exchange network showed that the consumption of hot and cold energy can be reduced by 6.4% and 4.4%, respectively.
DATA DISTRIBUTION IN THE INFORMATION SYSTEM USING THE BALANCE SERVER
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, DENISOV O. V. , VIKULOV E. O. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: December 2020

The issue of distribution of large amounts of information system information on server stations is considered. The analysis of existing methods for distributing data of highly loaded web applications is carried out. A system for computing load distribution using a balancing server is proposed. A description of the software necessary for the functioning of the system, and a server management interface are provided.
ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS OF INTELLIGENT DIAGNOSIS OF THE DISEASE OF THE PATIENT
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, SEROBABOV A. S.
Published: December 2020

The review of architectures of construction of expert systems of the analysis of medical data and clinical texts in natural language is carried out. Applied examples of use are considered and actual architectures in medical diagnostics at the moment are revealed.
Autokinesis illusion in fighter flying revisited
Authors: Sannigrahi P , Kumar A , Mishra S , Nataraja MS
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Autokinesis refers to the perception of motion which is experienced by an aircrew when he fixates his gaze on a stationary point/source of light in an otherwise completely darkened environment. A study was conducted in the Department of Acceleration Physiology and Spatial Orientation, Institute of Aerospace Medicine to determine the time taken for onset of autokinesis in the disorientation simulator (Air Fox DISO) and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies to break the illusion.

Material and Methods:

A total of 103 randomly selected fighter pilots participated in the study. They were briefed about the illusion and the various interventions used to counteract it, such as: (a) Shrugging of shoulders without breaking gaze, (b) stretching of arms without breaking gaze, (c) breaking of gaze for 5 s and (d) breaking of gaze for 10 s (if the illusion is not broken after breaking of gaze for 5 s). Time taken for autokinesis to set in and the effectiveness of the interventions used were noted. Subjective feedback from the participating aircrew was also obtained on their experience on autokinesis illusion in active flying through a structured questionnaire.

Results:

The average time required for onset of the autokinesis illusion in the DISO was observed to be 20.3 ± 15.5 s (range 4.1–121.4 s). Of the 103 aircrew participants, 100 (97.1%) reported that the intervention of stretching of arms was effective, 94 aircrew (91.3%) reported that the intervention of shoulder shrug was effective in breaking the illusion and 99 aircrew (96.1%) were able to counter the illusion by breaking their gaze for duration of 5 s. Autokinesis was experienced in active flying by 17 aircrew, accounting for an incidence of 16.5%. This study reveals that autokinesis involves the interplay of vision, vestibular system, as well as the proprioceptive stimulus in counteracting this illusion. A combination of gaze break and shoulder shrug/arm stretch could be the most appropriate intervention strategy under such circumstances. The operational scenarios conducive for causing this illusion and the physiological basis for the various intervention strategies have been discussed.

Conclusion:

The autokinesis illusion though considered benign has got significant potential for distraction during operational flying. The intervention strategies discussed in the study are effective in breaking the illusion. The pilot community needs to be aware of the preconditions, mechanism, and effectiveness of the intervention strategies in countering this illusion.
Analysis of cardiovascular responses to head-up tilt testing
Authors: Kaur M , Sinha B , Raju AVK
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Head-up tilt (HUT) testing is a widely accepted tool in the clinical evaluation of patients presenting with episodic loss of consciousness. The test has assumed its importance in aviation environment, where a single episode of unconsciousness in-flight may have a catastrophic outcome. To rule out this, HUT is carried out in all cases of syncope as a part of aeromedical evaluation. The present study was undertaken to analyze the CVS response to HUT conducted over a period of 11 years at the Department of Space and Environmental Physiology at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine.

Material and Methods:

A total of 168 subjects had undergone HUT testing from 2002 to 2012. The testing equipment was a standard tilt table with a foot board support for the feet and restraint system at the level of chest, waist, and ankle to support the body during tilting. The testing protocol consisted of passive tilting to an angle of 70° from the horizontal position for 45 min in all the cases. The physiological parameters consisting of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure from the database were analyzed to understand the CVS response to HUT.

Results:

Out of the total 168 patients, 147 (88.5%) cases showed normal response. Twenty-one (12.5%) cases showed abnormal response. Out of the cases showing abnormal response, 14 cases had syncope with frank loss of consciousness and could not maintain the postural tone. The remaining seven cases showed postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), where the HR increased by more than 30 beats per minute.

Conclusion:

A retrospective analysis of 168 cases with history of syncope, in a period of 11 years, revealed an abnormal cardiovascular response to HUT in 12.5% of cases. The abnormal physiological responses were mostly consistent with syncope and POTS.
Concurrent white noise and acute hypobaric hypoxia: Effect on aviation cognitive performance
Authors: Ghosh D , Gaur D , Sinha B , Aravindakshan B
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Optimal cognitive performance is the essence of effective execution of a flying mission. Effects of two commonly encountered aviation stressors, hypoxia and noise, on performance have been studied. However, studies on effects of concurrent dual effects of both these stressors on key cognitive parameters are sparse; hence, the objective was to examine these effects.

Material and Methods:

Cognitive performances were assessed among 30 healthy volunteers (28 males and 2 females) sequentially in four different conditions – baseline (without stressors), 85 dB(A) noise, 14,000 ft altitude, and concurrent exposure to 85 dB(A) noise at 14,000 ft altitude. White noise was simulated through software, altitude in the hypobaric chamber and cognitive performance was assessed with tests from Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) test battery. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA.

Results:

The study revealed statistically significant direct detrimental effect of altitude and noise on implicit reaction time independently as well as concurrently. However, there was insignificant interaction effect between the dual stressors on implicit reaction time. There were no statistically significant effects of dual stressors on implicit correctness, visuospatial working memory, and selective attention. Although statistically not significant, noise enhanced the performance level in the form of increased Corsi block memory span and Corsi block total score.

Conclusion:

No significant effect of the dual stressors was observed on most of the cognitive parameters. However, implicit reaction time, a measure of pilot’s risk-taking behavior, was found to be significantly affected by the dual stressors. Further research with a larger sample of aircrew population who differ in age, experience, and other potentially influencing factors is recommended.
Colour vision standards: Past, present, and future
Authors: Agarwal A , Dinakar S , Tripathy NK , Sharma V , Joshi S , Lagisetti SD
Published: December 2020

Historically, signal lights (red-green-amber) were used in shipping, rail, and road transportation. This colour schema continued in the aviation industry too. However, automation has taken over aviation sector with electronic maps and colour-coded multifunction displays. Despite sweeping changes seen in the use of colour coding in aviation, there is little change in colour vision standards and in the way colour vision testing is done for the aircrew, military and civil. The changing needs of aviation dictate that renewing the standards is necessary. Furthermore, the new standards will dictate aircraft design, and hence, it is mandatory that they remain current for the next 50 years or so. It becomes necessary to understand the role colour vision plays in the modern cockpit and suggest the colour vision standards accordingly. In the same breath, it is important to understand the evolution of colour vision testing and colour theories, so as to develop or adopt a more suitable test for the changing aviation scenario.
Establishment of a normative data for cervical and lumbar spine movements using spinal column analysis system
Authors: Tripathy NK , Praveen MG , Raghunandan V , Mukherjee M , Dahiya M
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

The current assessment of spine movements during aeromedical evaluation of aircrew is performed using the CMS 20 spinal column analysis system. However, in the present configuration, the normal ranges of cervical and lumbar spine motions depicted by the equipment are based on normative data of German population measured by goniometric method. The study was conducted to generate normative values of cervical and lumbar spine movements with respect to age-specific Indian male population.

Material and Methods:

The study included a total of 225 healthy male Indian volunteers, divided into three age groups; <25 years, 25–35 years, and above 35 years, with 75 subjects in each age group. In each participant, ten cervical spine movements and six lumbar spine movements were recorded using CMS 20 S spinal column analysis system. The data were statistically analyzed to establish normative data for each of the cervical and lumbar spine movements for three age groups (<25 years, 25–35 years, and >35 years).

Results:

The mean age, height & weight of the participants were 21.2, 28.3 and 39.4 years, 173.1, 171.6 and 170.6 cm, 65.9, 68.7 and 70.2 kg respectively for the three different age groups - <25 years, 25-35 years and >35 years. The mean values along with standard deviation of the ten cervical and eight lumbar spine movements were derived and presented for the three different age groups.

Conclusion:

The normative data generated in the present study as per the three age groups may be used as reference values for male Indian personnel for that specific age groups for the assessment of cervical and lumbar spine movements using spinal column analysis system. The data may also be used as baseline data for aeromedical evaluation and future aviation research involving the same equipment.
Pengaruh Modul Praktikum Optika Berbasis Inkuiri Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Sikap Ilmiah Mahasiswa
Authors: Wahyudi W , Lestari Isnania
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh diterapannya modul praktikum optika berbasis inkuiri terhadap keterampilan proses sains (KPS) dan sikap ilmiah mahasiswa. Desain pre-experimental digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan rancangan one group pretest and posttest. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa pendidikan fisika yang menempuh mata kuliah optika sebanyak satu kelas. Instrumen pengumpulan data KPS Dasar berupa Soal Tes pilihan ganda berjumlah 21 soal dengan aspek mengobservasi, mengukur, mengklasifikasi, menyimpulkan, memprediksi dan mengkomunikasi. Instrumen pengumpulan data Sikap ilmiah mahasiswa berupa Angket berjumlah 32 soal. Data KPS Terintegrasi diukur dari hasil laporan praktikum mahasiswa yang meliputi aspek mengontrol variabel, berhipotesis, mengintepretasikan data dan bereksperimen. Hasil menunjukan peningkatan KPS Dasar aspek mengobservasi, mengklarifikasi, menyimpulkan dan memprediksi dalam kategori yang sedang. Sedangkan peningkatan KPS Dasar aspek mengukur dan mengkomunikasikan masih dalam katerogi peningkatan yang rendah. Secara signifikan melalui uji t-Test: two Paired Sample disimpulkan bahwa KPS Dasar mahasiswa lebih baik setelah diterapkan modul praktikum optika berbasis inkuiri. KPS Terintegrasi mahasiswa pada aspek berhipotesis, mengintepretasikan data dan bereksperiman memiliki kategori yang baik sedangkan aspek mengontrol variabel masih dalam kategori yang cukup. Nilai rerata total sikap ilmiah mahasiswa dalam kategori baik setelah diterapkan modul praktikum optika berbasis inkuiri.
Polytechnic Museum Research Library Celebrates its 145th Anniversary
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

Announcement
The New Director General is Introduced to the Staff of the Russian State Library
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

About introduction to the RSL staff of a new Director General, the former Director on informatization, and appointment of V.V. Fedorov as President of the RSL.
New Books for Russian Schools! Opening of Exhibition and Presentation of a Charity Project at the Russian State Library
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

The article told about the opening of the exhibition “Manuals and textbooks on History of Russia in 19th — early 21th Centuries” from the Russian State Library collection and the presentation of a charity project “To be Proud of the Ancestors History”. Within the project publication of education kits on Russian national history for pupils of 6—11 classes is started.
Cherished memory Yuri Gorshkov
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

Obituary to Yuri Gorshkov
Culture is the Key Word of the Twentieth Century and Token of the State Future
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

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Nikolay S. Kartashov (14.03.1928—02.09.2011)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

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The 300 birth anniversary of Mikhail Lomonosov
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

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Professional Leader and Gifted Person [the 60th Anniversary of V. Firsov]
Authors: Trushina Irina A.
Published: December 2020

February 1, 2012, Vladimir Firsov, who is an honored scientist of Russia, doctor of pedagogical sciences, one of the leading national library scientists, president of the Russian Library Association and deputy director of the National Library - celebrated 60 years.
Round Table at the RSL devoted to Nelson Mandela International Day
Authors: Ivanova Liya A.
Published: December 2020

On the declared by the UN General Assembly on July 18, 2012 International Day of Nelson Mandela, about the main stages of his life, as well as on participation of the Russian State Library in the events devoted to this Day.
The Meeting of the Presidential Council of the Russian Federation for Culture and Art
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

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The All-Russian Competition of the Scientific Works on Library Science, Bibliography and Bibliology
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

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Scientometrics: Building Ordered Structures in Global Science
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2020

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Testing the car seat's comfort
Authors: Mazari Adnan , Buyuk Funda , Havelka Antonin
Published: December 2020

In this paper, four commonly used car seat covers, made from leather as well as from woven, knitted and 3D spacer fabrics are tested as sandwiched and separate layers to determine the effect of the lamination and layers on air and water vapor permeability. Different combinations of interlining materials are also tested to obtain the optimum comfortable car seat cover. This analysis gives us a real idea of which layer negatively affects the breathability of the car seat. The focus of this part of research was to identify the issues within the car seat material instead of factors like external cooling or the clothing of the driver. It was observed that the polyurethane (PU) foam and lamination significantly reduce the permeability of the car seats. The 3D spacer fabric shows the best top layer properties as compared to classical woven, leather or knitted car seat covers. The research shows how layers and lamination cause thermo-physiological discomfort of car seats.
Methodische und methodologische Grenzüberschreitungen in der Migrationsforschung – Die Erforschung familiärer Erinnerungspraktiken
Authors: Schnitzer Anna
Published: December 2020

Dieser Beitrag nimmt Erinnerungspraktiken in Familien mit Migrationsgeschichte in den Blick. Er geht der Frage nach, wie familiäre Erinnerungen erzählt werden können und welche spezifischen Herausforderungen mit deren Erforschung im Migrations- und Fluchtkontext einhergehen bzw. wie diese im Forschungsprozess bearbeitet werden können. Die Autorin argumentiert für eine systematische Verschränkung ethnographischer und biographischer Zugänge, um neben narrativ zum Ausdruck gebrachten Erinnerungsformen auch solche in die Analyse einbeziehen zu können, die als Praktiken nur in der Erhebungssituation zu beobachten sind bzw. in den Erhebungssituationen auch nonverbal als situative Ko-Konstruktion hervorgebracht werden. So wird es möglich, etwa mithilfe von Artefakten und anderen nonverbalen Aushandlungsprozessen erzählte „kleine Geschichten“ für die Analyse familiärer Erinnerungspraktiken zugänglich zu machen.