bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evidence Project: Protocol for Systematic Reviews of Behavioral Interventions and Behavioral Aspects of Biomedical Interventions for HIV Prevention, Treatment, and Health Service Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Kennedy Caitlin E. , Yeh Ping Teresa , Fonner Virginia A. , Armstrong Kevin A. , Denison Julie A. , O'Reilly Kevin R. , Sweat Michael D.
Published: April 2024

The Evidence Project conducts systematic reviews and meta-analyses of HIV behavioral interventions, behavioral aspects of biomedical interventions, combination prevention strategies, modes of service delivery, and integrated programs in low- and middle-income countries. Here, we present the overall protocol for our reviews. For each topic, we conduct a comprehensive search of five online databases, complemented by secondary reference searching. Articles are included if they are published in peer-reviewed journals and present pre/post or multi-arm data on outcomes of interest. Data are extracted from each included article by two trained coders working independently using standardized coding forms, with differences resolved by consensus. Risk of bias is assessed with the Evidence Project tool. Data are synthesized descriptively, and meta-analysis is conducted when there are similarly measured outcomes across studies. For over 20 years, this approach has allowed us to synthesize literature on the effectiveness of interventions and contribute to the global HIV response.
Anti-corruption Law as a Fiction: The Illusion of Serving Morality by Controlling It through Rules and Regulations with an International Reach
Authors: Feikema Liesbeth (Elisabeth Titia)
Published: April 2024

According to the Corruption Perception Index of Transparency International, corruption is still far more prevalent in “non-Western” countries. The search for more effective anti-corruption legislation has shifted from preventing and combating bribery to preventing corruption in a broader sense. Consequently, anti-corruption law has obtained a more far-reaching scope. However, this does not work sufficiently. Up till now, we do not know why. This article focuses on why we should consider revising anti-corruption legislation. The research is a qualitative theoretical analysis based on empirical insights from preliminary anthropological fieldwork conducted in Gabon (Feikema 2015). One of the reasons for the challenge seems to be that the implicit institutional setup—namely, of a national state with a rule of law, which forms the point of departure of anti-corruption law—is not self-evident in countries where this democratic rule of law is not an experienced reality. For example, in the so-called hybrid political orders (Boege 2008), these developments of anti-corruption law may have a confusing and alienating impact, as demonstrated by a case study. Therefore, the effectiveness of these laws could be doubted. Even more importantly, respect for human dignity, the rationale of these laws, seems to be seriously at stake. We could understand recent developments in anti-corruption law as an illusion of control. Even more vitally, anti-corruption law could be considered a symptom of derailment. What we experience as evil may occur as the disturbance of the ecological cohesion of society: derailment.
A Free Market of Morals: Boycotting, Liberalism, and Property
Authors: Phemister Andrew
Published: April 2024

The development of the practice of boycotting during the Irish Land War (1879–82), and its subsequent spread beyond Ireland to the United States, sparked outrage and concern. This was prompted by the specific intellectual challenges the practice posed for liberals on both sides of the Atlantic. In relying on a liberal defense of free speech and freedom of association, early boycotters in the 1880s were able to demonstrate the dependence of property rights on social sanction while also remaining initially impervious to legal censure. As a result, the definition and extent of property rights came under scrutiny because of the ease and simplicity by which they could be curtailed through social force. It is observed here that consequent legislation to insulate commercial wealth from boycotting’s parallel moral economy required the reinforcement and development of political justifications of the state’s right to manage economic interactions in the name of social stability and public welfare.

The paper argues that boycotting was so threatening to classical visions of liberal individualism precisely because it was so firmly grounded in individualistic premises. It observes not only that boycotters used the language of “free trade” to defend the practice but also that the practice itself contained latent political assumptions about social organization. The argument also suggests that, contrary to much current academic opinion, rights-based popular resistance can be directed toward egalitarian ends.
The Role of Parent Schools in Strengthening Traditional Family Values in China
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafiev, Bocharova Julia Yurevna , Sosnovskaya Nadezhda I. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafiev
Published: April 2024

For modern Russia, the most important task is to strengthen the institution of the family and traditional values. The growing up of children in the last decade has taken place in the information field of propaganda in Western countries, which requires prompt measures to create a system of education, involving parents in this process is not a trivial task. The experience of China in recent decades in creating a network of parent schools is a valuable object of study. The purpose of the article is to analyze the phenomenon of parent schools in the PRC as a developing pedagogical system, to identify the principles for the formation of content and methods for organizing education and training of parents. Methodology and research methods. Based on a systematic, historical, cultural and comparative approach, an analysis of legislative acts, monographic, scientific and methodological sources reflecting the work of parental schools in the PRC was carried out. The results of the study show that parental schools in modern China are a developing pedagogical system that has gone through three stages in its development: from setting a strategic state order to science and educational authorities, through scientific, organizational and methodological support for the work of schools to the present state of a large-scale all-China network with the active involvement of parents in its development. It was revealed that parental schools as a system in the PRC are developing in several directions: scaling (increasing accessibility), standardization (improving quality) and involvement (increasing the active citizenship of parents). While coinciding with the global trend of educating parents in the form of consulting-seminar and training sessions, the Chinese specificity of the principles for selecting the content of education was found, based on the moral postulates of Confucianism, taking into account the socio-cultural specifics of the local parental community. In conclusion, the important role of parental schools is emphasized in terms of the strategic goals of the state to strengthen the institution of the family and prevent deformations of the youth worldview by consolidating the family and the school in the upbringing and education of minors, where the involvement of parents is a necessary condition. The authors identify the strengths of parental schools as an institutional form of the process of educating traditional family values in the PRC, among them reliance on a clear moral core in determining the content of parental education based on the philosophy of Confucianism, scientific and methodological support from scientists, regulatory and organizational support from the state in the form of standardization of functioning.
A rare diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis made on thyroid histology with coexisting papillary thyroid cancer and AVP deficiency
Authors: Dharmaputra R K , Piesse C M , Chaubey S , Sinha A K , Chiam H C
Published: April 2024

A 48-year-old Asian male, presented to the hospital for an elective total thyroidectomy in the context of 6.3 cm thyroid nodule. The fine needle aspiration cytology of the nodule confirmed papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with some atypical histiocytes. He has a history of idiopathic arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) and has been taking oral DDAVP 100 µg daily, self-adjusting the dose based on thirst and polyuria. Additionally, he also has a history of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. His total thyroidectomy was aborted due to significant intraoperative bleeding, and his admission was further complicated by post-operative hyponatraemic seizure. Thyroid histology revealed the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and further investigation with contrast CT demonstrated multi-organ involvement of the thyroid, lungs, and bones.

Learning points

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a condition that can affect one or more organ systems, including the pituitary, where it can present as AVP deficiency. Strict monitoring of fluid balance, as well as serial monitoring of serum sodium, is essential in all patients with AVP-D in the perioperative setting.

Iatrogenic hyponatraemic seizure is an uncommon but serious complication of DDAVP treatment in hospitalised patients with AVP-D. DDAVP dosing must be carefully monitored.

LCH with multisystem involvement is an important mimic for metastatic conditions, and histological diagnosis is essential to guide treatment and prognosis.

Although LCH without bone marrow involvement is unlikely to increase the risk of bleeding, its effect on tissue integrity may make surgery more challenging.

BRAF-V600E mutation is an important driver mutation and a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of LCH.
La fraseología en las columnas sobre la lengua (CSL): objeto temático y expresión de un imaginario lingüístico
Authors: Santamaría Pérez Isabel
Published: April 2024

Los trabajos del grupo METAPRES nos han permitido analizar las Columnas sobre la lengua (CSL) como una tradición discursiva metalingüística reconocible y continuada desde finales del siglo XIX, en la que se repiten ciertos patrones composicionales y pragmático-enunciativos. En este contexto se estudia el papel de la fraseología en un corpus de CSL publicadas durante décadas. Nuestro objetivo es analizar contrastivamente varios autores a lo largo del tiempo como muestra de esta tradición, fijando nuestra atención en una temática que desde siempre ha preocupado como es la fraseología, los tipos de unidades fraseológicas (UFS) y su función comunicativa. En el trabajo se muestra qué papel desempeñan las UFS, hasta qué punto colaboran a construir una manera determinada de presentar el idioma, y, en consecuencia, su contribución en la transmisión de un imaginario sobre la lengua.
Maestros de franela frente a aristócratas de la pedagogía: conflictos ideológicos a propósito de la gramática en los albores del siglo XX
Authors: Montoro del Arco Esteban T.
Published: April 2024

En este trabajo se analizan los indicios del conflicto ideológico existente entre dos tipos de gramáticos a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Por un lado, un grupo de poder, formado por autores que gozaban de mayor influencia social y reconocimiento, considerados como referentes en materia gramatical: en él se incluyen tanto los gramáticos de la Real Academia Española como los gramáticos-pedagogos de la línea neocatólica próximos a la Escuela Normal Central de Madrid y a los círculos de poder político, tales como Rufino J. Blanco o Ezequiel Solana. Por otro lado, el de los gramáticos escolares de menor influencia, y alcance más local, que habían de aprender y aplicar la técnica del análisis lógico y gramatical a partir de los manuales de los primeros. Para ello, se extraen y analizan las marcas de ideología presentes en la serie de textos gramaticales publicada por el maestro valenciano José Ramón Palmí Pérez (1872-1950), perteneciente al segundo grupo. En sus escritos se muestran las dificultades que encontraban maestros y opositores para aplicar las teorías y los métodos analíticos de los gramáticos que constituyen sus fuentes directas. La severidad con la que trata a estos demuestra la enorme fractura existente entre los dos grupos. Al mismo tiempo, la ideología conservadora propia de la época, en cuanto a las relaciones sociales y familiares, aflora a partir de las estrategias de las que se sirve para hacer accesible al lector conceptos sintácticos abstractos como el régimen o la subordinación.
El proceso creativo desde una mirada pragmatista: experiencia, error y anticipación
Authors: Pérez Peña Natalia Carolina
Published: April 2024

El proceso creativo en el diseño en general resulta ser una parte fundamental de su hacer. En su interior, cobija fases, protocolos particulares, diagnósticos, desarrollos conceptuales y, por ende, la integración de información que recoge aspectos asociados a las experiencias particulares, a contextos diversos y a las condiciones propias de enunciación de los creadores y sus productos. En dicho proceso, el error y la posibilidad de anticipar un resultado o una respuesta son el insumo para atender creativamente una problemática y, formular, desde lo extraordinario, lo diferente o lo novedoso la respuesta. Y es desde estos adjetivos que se pretende estudiar la construcción de sentido como la columna vertebral que nutre el proceso creativo y lo fortalece desde el primer momento del proceso de diseño.
Este artículo se propone plantear algunas posibilidades de interpretación del proceso creativo desde una perspectiva semiótica y filosófica, haciendo un recorrido por un repertorio conceptual proporcionado por el pragmatismo peirceano y las teorías semióticas. Para ello, en la primera parte se expone la importancia que tiene la experiencia sensorio perceptual y la necesidad de reconocer el error y lo alótopo como conceptos fundamentales para romper la uniformidad como ley universal. En segundo lugar, se busca establecer el momento de conexión ente leyes físicas y psíquicas desde tres miradas semióticas para comprender el lugar que tiene la experiencia en la construcción de sentido. Y, finalmente, se desarrolla la idea de anticipación como parte de una estructura temporal que subyace de modo natural en el proceso creativo.
Análisis epistemológico de la obra Mecánica social o teoría del movimiento humano, considerado en su naturaleza, en sus efectos y en sus causas, de José Eusebio Caro
Authors: Barrera Morales Marcos Fidel Barrera Morales , Da Silva José Luis
Published: April 2024

The ideas presented by José Eusebio Caro in his unfinished work entitled Social Mechanics or Theory of Human Movement, Considered in its Nature, in its Effects and in its Causes, in 1836, collects characteristic aspects of the thought of the first decades of the 19th century, with roots, some of them in previous times. The intellectual richness of the work in question induced analytical research, of which this document reports, according to the following research question: What are the predominant epistemological features in the philosophical and sociological theses of José Eusebio Caro, in his posthumous work unfinished work entitled Social mechanics or theory of human movement, considered in its nature, in its effects and in its causes? The study of this work focuses on specifying epistemological aspects of a proposal that shares honors with positivism and the emergence of social theory whose theses give way to the emergence of sociology. This, in a particular century characterized by the search for the ideological and political originality of the American continent, which hoped to re-emerge far from Spanish domination and close to French theorists and the ideological developments of England
La cultura política en Colombia. Una lectura desde la narrativa urbana de Álvaro Salom Becerra
Authors: Fernández Fonseca Edgar
Published: April 2024

Some characteristics of the Colombian political culture are traced, through the categories of myth, authoritarianism, alienation, and elitism, from an approach to the urban narrative of Álvaro Salom Becerra. The concept of political culture is addressed and its reception and development in Latin America, especially in Colombia, is exposed. Then the reflective potential of the confluences between philosophy and literature is discussed to study political culture, through an interpretive approach to his novels. It is concluded that literature allows exploring new ways of understanding the tensions between power and culture, also promotes a disruptive nature that dislocates the naturalization of the social order and favors the establishment of instituting actions.
Las ideas de virtud, perfección y santidad y los deberes imperfectos de la Metafísica de las costumbres
Authors: De Haro Romo Vicente
Published: April 2024

In this article the author proposes to review the Kantian idea of ​​virtue, its relationship with duty, with reason and with the moral feeling: respect. The ideas of sanctity and perfection are also reviewed as a reference for two sides of the same duty and their role as guides of the faculty of judgment, demonstrating the unitary character of Kantian ethics.
Wood properties influencing surface cracking and moisture dynamics of untreated Norway spruce exposed outdoors
Authors: Svensson Meulmann Sebastian , Rydell Blom Åsa , Sjökvist Tinh
Published: April 2024

Untreated wood has excellent environmental benefits due to the lack of treatments; however, its durability needs to be great enough to provide a sufficient service life to not override the environmental benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate some wood properties of untreated, unfinished Norway spruce and their influence on moisture dynamics and crack development under natural exposure. Three field-trials were carried out, all under natural exposure during various exposure times. The specimens differed in their exposure direction (north/south), composition (heartwood/ sapwood), density, and thickness. Moisture measurements were carried out either by use of sensors or weighing the specimens, while the crack formation was measured using digital calipers. Generally, high-density spruce exhibited more rapid moisture fluctuations than low-density; this agreed well with the increased crack development observed in the field-trials. More cracks were observed for specimens containing sapwood rather than heartwood. This was likely caused by an increase in moisture uptake, generating greater moisture gradients. The results also showed that the crack tendency was greater in specimens within the high-density group placed facing south, which is likely due to an increase in moisture variation, and perhaps also faster UV-deterioration. No clear correlation between crack tendency and thickness was found.
Relationship between mechanical properties and height-diameter ratio of moso bamboo
Authors: Yang Liming , Yuan Yan , Lu Xiaoming
Published: April 2024

Systematic tests of longitudinal compression, bending, longitudinal shear, and longitudinal tensile strength of bamboo were conducted to study the variation of mechanical properties and the height-diameter ratio of bamboo. The predictive relations of mechanical properties and height-diameter ratio were fitted by linear regression analysis. The results showed that the mechanical properties of longitudinal compression, bending, longitudinal shear, and longitudinal tensile strength of bamboo increased with the increase of the height-diameter ratio. In this paper, the method of deducing the relationship between mechanical properties and height-diameter ratio of bamboo through the linear fitting relationship between mechanical properties and height-diameter ratio was shown to have high applicability and accuracy for bamboo. This paper has a certain reference value for the evaluation of mechanical properties of bamboo and has a certain practical value for reducing the testing cost.
Quantifying and predicting the tensile properties of silicone reinforced with Moringa oleifera bark fibers,
Authors: Ab Patar Mohd Nor Azmi , Manssor Nur Aini Sabrin , Isa Mohd Rashdan , Jusoh Nur Auni Izzati , Abd Latif Mohd Juzaila , Sivasankaran Praveena N. , Mahmud Jamaluddin
Published: April 2024

To obtain a better understanding of using Moringa oleifera bark (MOB) as a reinforcement in a silicone matrix, this study aimed to define the mechanical properties of this new material under uniaxial tension. Composite samples of 0 wt%, 4 wt%, 8 wt%, 12 wt%, and 16 wt% MOB powder were produced. The tensile properties were quantified mathematically using the neo-Hookean hyperelastic model. The collected data were employed to establish multiple inputs of an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict its material constant via MATLAB. The result showed that the material constant for the 16 wt% fiber content sample was 63.9% higher than pure silicone. This was supported by the tensile modulus testing, which indicated that the modulus increased as the fiber content increased. However, the elongation ratio (λ) of the MOB-silicone biocomposite decreased slightly compared to the pure silicone. Lastly, the prediction of the material constant using an ANN recorded a 2.03% percentage error, which showed that it was comparable to the mathematical modelling. Therefore, the inclusion of MOB fibers into silicone produced a stiffer material and gradually improved the composite. Furthermore, the network that had multiple inputs (weighting, load, and elongation) was more reliable to produce precise predictions.
Effects of membrane covers and biochar on compost quality and greenhouse gas reduction in aerobic composting
Authors: Cao Jie , Qu Haoli , Li Ruirong , Wang Pengjun , Fu Jingjing , Chen Mingjiang
Published: April 2024

The addition of biochar and the use of membrane coverings are two methods used in aerobic composting of agricultural waste. The effectiveness of each of these two methods on compost quality and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions was tested in the laboratory. The results showed that both methods increased the maximum composting temperature and extended the thermophilic period. The germination index of biochar-treated compost and membrane-covered compost reached 70% on the 18th day, which was 12 days earlier than the corresponding value in the control group. The products from the biochar-treated compost had higher pH and lower electrical conductivity, compared with the product of the control group, indicating that these products are more suitable for acidic soils. In terms of greenhouse gas reduction, both methods were found to reduce the emissions of CH4 and N2O from composting. The addition of biochar had a better emission reduction effect on N2O, whereas the membrane covering technique yielded a better effect on CH4 emission reduction. The results of this study provide technical support for managed aerobic composting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Prediction of dynamic loads on spacecraft in the active light of the launch vehicle using the results of liquid-propellant rocket engine fire tests
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Nikolayev D.O. , Khoroshylov S.V. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Published: April 2024

In orbital injection, the launch vehicle (LV) structure and the spacecraft are subjected to extreme dynamic loads, in particular to vibroacoustic loads (from rocket engine thrust oscillations and aerodynamic loads), which may cause spacecraft instrumentation malfunction and damage spacecraft light-weight thin-walled structures. This paper is dedicated to the development of an approach to predicting dynamic loads on spacecraft in orbital injection by LVs of various layouts under propulsion system thrust oscillations in active flight. The paper presents an approach to predicting dynamic loads on spacecraft in orbital injection by LVs of various layouts. The approach makes it possible to evaluate dynamic loads (spectral densities of vibration accelerations) on spacecraft under propulsion system thrust oscillations acting on the liquid-propellant LV structure in active flight. The approach includes a mathematical simulation of the spatial oscillations of the LV structure according to its structural layout scheme and the experimental pre-determination of the spectral density of the rocket engine power. The workability of the proposed approach in predicting the spacecraft dynamic loads is demonstrated by the example of a computational analysis of the spectral densities of spacecraft oscillations in orbital injection by LVs of various structural layouts. It is shown that the approach allows one to predict, as early as at the initial LV design stage, the spacecraft vibratory load parameters at different times of the LV first-stage liquid-propellant rocket engine operation accounting for the rocket layout (with the spacecraft) and design features and using the vibroacoustic characteristics of the liquid-propellant rocket engine (known from the results of its fire tests).
Deployment of a space tether in a centrifugal force field with alignment to the local vertical
Authors:   Northwestern Polytechnical University, Wang Changqing , Zakrzhevskyi O. E. ,   Space Research Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Published: April 2024

This study is concerned with a small orbital tether of two bodies to be deployed from a spacecraft so that upon completion of the deployment it turns out to be aligned along the local vertical. The bodies of the tether have equal masses, and the thread connecting the bodies is supposed to be massless. The objective of the study is to build a program law of tether length control taking into account the variation of the angular momentum of the tether under the action of the gravitational torque from the central Newtonian field of forces. The deployment mode of the space tether in a centrifugal force field with its alignment at the conclusion of the deployment along the local vertical is studied. To produce centrifugal forces, the tether is pre-spinned about the orbit binormal. The study consists of two steps. The first step involves the construction of a tether length control law that would provide the planned deployment. At this step, use is made of the tether motion equations written in spherical coordinates for the special case of the tether motion in the orbital plane. A numerical simulation of the tether deployment dynamics is carried out at the second step using the constructed program law of tether length control. Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire’s equations are used as a mathematical model of the tether. They describe the spatial motion of the tether bodies. These equations do not contain the tether length as a variable in explicit form. Therefore, these equations are modified. The tether tension force appearing in these equations is expressed in terms of the program law of tether length change and its two first time derivatives. The novelty of the study consists in the construction of a program control law that allows the tether to be deployed along the local vertical in a single stage. The study used methods of analytical mechanics, numerical methods, and methods developed by the authors. The obtained results make it possible to find the ranges of values of the deployment system parameters allowing a deployment of this type. The errors of the numerical simulation are estimated. The practical significance of the obtained results consists in the possibility of deploying small tethers in orbit with their alignment at the conclusion of the deployment along the local vertical in a single stage with controlling the tether length without the need for further dumping of libratory oscillations.
Nonlinear Deformation of Cylinders from Materials with Different Behavior in Tension and Compression
Authors:   S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of NAS of Ukraine, Galishin Oleksandr Z. , Sklepus Serhii M. ,   S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of NAS of Ukraine,   Anatolii Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of NAS of Ukraine
Published: April 2024

A new numerical-analytical method for solving physically nonlinear deformation problems of axisymmetrically loaded cylinders made of materials with different behavior in tension and compression has been developed. To linearize the problem, the uninterrupted parameter continuation method was used. For the variational formulation of the linearized problem, a functional in the Lagrange form, defined on the kinematically possible displacement rates, is constructed. To find the main unknowns of the problem of physically nonlinear cylinder deformation, the Cauchy problem for the system of ordinary differential equations is formulated. The Cauchy problem was solved by the Runge-Kutta-Merson method with automatic step selection. The initial conditions were established by solving the problem of linear elastic deformation. The right-hand sides of the differential equations at fixed values of the load parameter corresponding to the Runge-Kutta-Merson’s scheme are found from the solution of the variational problem for the functional in the Lagrange form. Variational problems are solved using the Ritz method. The test problem for the nonlinear elastic deformation of a thin cylindrical shell is solved. Coincidence of the spatial solution with the shell solution was obtained. Physically nonlinear deformation of a thick-walled cylinder was studied. It is shown that failure to take into account the different behavior of the material under tension and compression leads to significant errors in the calculations of stress-strain state parameters.
Using an Ensemble of Neural Networks for Determining the Diagnostic Parameters of the Vertebrae
Authors:   Anatolii Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of NAS of Ukraine, Koniukhov Vladyslav D.
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence opens up great prospects in many areas of human activity, primarily in medicine. One of the priority directions of using artificial intelligence in this field is the segmentation of medical images for the purpose of automatic diagnosis of common diseases. The application of neural network approaches to image analysis of medical images is becoming an increasingly promising direction in the field of medical diagnostics. In particular, this paper investigates the possibility of using an ensemble of neural networks for diagnosing osteoporosis. To achieve this goal, a study was conducted on the possibility of using machine learning methods to segment and determine the shape and size of certain vertebrae: Th8, Th9, Th10, Th11 of a human vertebra on X-ray images obtained in real conditions. Each network is configured and tested on different sets of medical images. Then, the two best networks were selected according to the accuracy and efficiency of the segmentation. One of the main results of the study was the selection of the two best neural networks that provide the most accurate segmentation of vertebrae. Next, the ensemble method was applied, based on the averaging of the predictions of the selected networks. This approach made it possible to improve the overall accuracy of determining the diagnostic parameters of the spine. The obtained results emphasize the effectiveness of using an ensemble of neural networks in the context of medical segmentation. Ensembles provide more stable and accurate predictions by reducing the impact of random errors of individual networks. Ensemble predictions of these networks lead to a statistically significant improvement in results compared to individual approaches. This is an important step in the direction of creating reliable systems of automated diagnostics capable of helping doctors in conducting more accurate and operative analyses.
Is the COVID-19 Matters for Islamic Banking Performance? A Cross-Countries Analysis
Authors: Nugrohowati Rindang Nuri Isnaini , Fakhrunnas Faaza
Published: April 2024

Research Originality: Considering the originality of the study to have a deeper investigation on the impact of the pandemic on bank’s risk and return.Research Objectives: This study aims to identify the impact of Covid-19 on bank performance and risk levels.Research Methods: This study focuses on Islamic banks in 12 countries with the most developed financial sector during the 4th quarter of 2016 to the 1st quarter of 2022. The data analysis method in this study adopts panel data analysis with a fixed effect model.Empirical Results: The finding of the study shows that the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in a decline in the performance of Islamic banks, as seen from the ratio of return on average asset, return on equity, net profit margin, return on average asset, and return on average equity. However, an interesting finding from this research is that there is no concern about worsening bank risk levels as reflected in the nonperforming financing, Z-Score, and leverage ratio. Meanwhile, the control variables, bank size and inflation rate, also affect the performance and risk of Islamic banks.Implications: The study implies that banking practitioners and financial authority for the banking sector are required to issue some financial strategies in order to achieve and maintain a certain level of financial performance, especially during financial turmoil. JEL Classification: G20, G21, G28 How to Cite:Nugrohowati, R. N. I., & Fakhrunnas, F. (2024). The COVID-19 Matters for Islamic Banking Performance? A Cross-Countries Analysis. Etikonomi, 23(1), 201 – 218. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i1.31243.
Does a Free Trade Agreement’s Impact on the Export of Halal Food to OIC Countries Matter? Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Muchtar Masruri , Asy’ari Hafid , Rodoni Ahmad , Amalia Euis , Hosen Muhamad Nadratuzzaman
Published: April 2024

Research Originality: The second-largest organisation after the UN, with a population of 24.4% worldwide, makes OIC countries a potential market. This paper contributes to the existing literature on trade within them by focusing on crucial aspects of the trade agreement's impact on the halal food industry.Research Objectives: This study examines the influence of a free trade agreement (FTA) on Indonesian halal food exports.Research Methods: Using panel data from 23 countries spanning the period from 2003 to 2019, the paper employs the gravity model to assess the impact of the FTA and other variables on Indonesian halal food exports to OIC countries.Empirical Results: The findings indicate that Indonesian food exports to OIC countries with FTAs experience a notable 68% increase compared to those without such agreements. The study reveals GDP, population size, trade openness, and exchange rate positively affect food exports to OIC countries. However, trading partners' distance and entry time exhibit a negative correlation.Implications: This research holds significance for the Indonesian government as it provides valuable insights for considering the acceleration of trade agreement ratification with OIC countries. JEL Classification: F13, F47, C68How to Cite:Muchtar, M., Hafid, A., Rodoni, A., Amalia, E., & Hosen, M. N. (2024). Does a Free Trade Agreement’s Impact on the Export of Halal Food to OIC Countries Matter? Evidence from Indonesia. Etikonomi, 23(1), 147 – 166. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i1.32951.
Antecedents of Behavioral Intention to Adopt Sharia Digital Services in ZISWAF Distribution
Authors: Hariyanto Hariyanto , Ratnasari Ririn Tri , Rusgianto Sulistya , Pitchay Anwar Allah
Published: April 2024

Research Originality: Indonesia, the fourth-most populous country after India, China, and the USA, has the largest Muslim population in the world, with a population of 231 million Muslims, or almost 13% worldwide. The number of millennial Muslim generations is around 59.415 million, or 85 percent of the total number of millennials, making it a potential market. This paper contributes to the existing behavioral intention literature by focusing on the integration of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, and Perceived Security (PS) theory towards sharia digital services.Research Objectives: This research examines the antecedents of behavioral intention to adopt sharia digital services in ZISWAF distribution among the millennial Muslim generation in Indonesia.Research Methods: This study used a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis method and involved 350 respondents in Indonesia. By adopting the theories of Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, and Perceived Security (PS).Empirical Results: The study results show that performance expectancy, habit, price value, and compatibility have a positive and significant effect on behavioral intention to adopt sharia digital services in ZISWAF distribution. Furthermore, the price value variable is the strongest predictor of behavioral intention to adopt sharia digital services in ZISWAF distribution.Implications: This research has important meaning for the Indonesian government, ZISWAF institutions, and application providers because it provides valuable insight into considering accelerating ZISWAF distribution among the millennial Muslim generation.JEL Classification: Z12, L31How to Cite:Hariyanto., Ratnasari, R. T., Rusgianto, S., & Pitchay, A. A. (2024). Antecedents of Behavioral Intention to Adopt Sharia Digital Services in ZISWAF Distribution. Etikonomi, 23(1), 109 – 128. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i1.33892.
Digital Technology Adoption in Entrepreneurs: Are Ex-Migrant Workers More Adaptive?
Authors: Haer Jamhul , Gravitiani Evi , Putro Tetuko Rawidyo
Published: April 2024

Research Originality: Migrant workers should have improved their skills and be more adaptive to applying digital technology. This research contribution focuses on ex-migrant workers with current careers as business owners.Research Objectives: This research reviewed the determinant factor of technological adoption on entrepreneurs with the experience of ex-migrants based on some factors, such as migrant, demographic, and business.Research Methods: The applied method of this study is - logit regression analysis. This study examined 329 business owners of 1.518 workers as surveyed by the National Workforce Survey, SAKERNAS, in Mataram, in the period 2022.Empirical Results: The research result was the lower digital technology adoption of ex-migrant business owners than the non-ex-migrant workers. The causal factor was the poor educational level of ex-migrant workers in Indonesia.Implications: The empirical implication of this study is - to determine the empowerment program of ex-migrant workers regarding the digital technology utility within the scope of entrepreneurship activities and technological transfer through the ex-migrant workers of Indonesia. JEL Classification: J6, M2, O3How to Cite:Haer, J., Gravitiani, E., & Putro, T. R. (2024). Digital Technology Adoption in Entrepreneurs: Are Ex-Migrant Workers More Adaptive?. Etikonomi, 23(1), 1 – 10. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i1.34681.
Неакадемічний студентський досвід в умовах постмодернізму
Authors: Pavlov Roman A. , Pavlova Tetiana S.
Published: April 2024

Мета дослідження: Визначення напрямів удосконалення неакадемічного студентського досвіду в умовах трансформації вищої освіти під впливом постмодерністських тенденцій та особливостей студентів нового покоління.
Дизайн / Метод / Підхід дослідження: У роботі застосовано комбінацію гіпотетико-дедуктивного та індуктивного методів дослідження для всебічного вивчення неакадемічного студентського досвіду. У межах гіпотетико-дедуктивного підходу автори спираються на наявні теоретичні положення та результати попередніх досліджень, формулюючи на їхній основі припущення щодо сутності неакадемічного досвіду, його структури та чинників впливу. Індуктивний метод використовується для узагальнення і систематизації інформації, отриманої в ході огляду наукової літератури.
Результати дослідження: Виявлено, що неакадемічний студентський досвід відіграє важливу роль у сприйнятті студентами закладів вищої освіти та якості навчання. Він охоплює різні аспекти студентського життя, не пов’язані безпосередньо з навчанням, і формується здебільшого через надані університетом студентські послуги. На неакадемічний досвід впливають такі чинники як цілі та очікування студентів, інтеграція в університетське життя, індивідуальні характеристики, минулий досвід і комунікація з персоналом закладу вищої освіти. Наголошується на важливості адаптації підходів до формування даного досвіду з урахуванням особливостей сучасних студентів покоління Z.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: У роботі систематизовано теоретичні підходи до розуміння неакадемічного студентського досвіду, визначено його ключові складові та фактори впливу. Результати дослідження роблять внесок у вивчення трансформації вищої освіти в умовах постмодернізму.
Практична цінність дослідження: Розуміння особливостей формування неакадемічного студентського досвіду дасть змогу закладам вищої освіти вдосконалювати стратегії із залучення та утримання студентів, підвищувати їхню задоволеність і лояльність.
Оригінальність / Цінність дослідження: Запропоновано комплексний погляд на неакадемічний студентський досвід з урахуванням сучасних трендів у вищій освіті та характеристик нового покоління студентів, що становить цінність як для дослідників, так і для управлінців у сфері вищої освіти.
Обмеження дослідження / Майбутні дослідження: Перспективним є подальше вивчення впливу цифрових навичок студентів на сприйняття ними якості університетських онлайн-послуг у контексті поліпшення неакадемічного досвіду.
Тип статті: Теоретична
JEL Classification: I23, I21, M10, M31, Z13
Educação Ambiental no contexto escolar
Authors: Moraes Márcia Marina Aires de , Goi Mara Elisângela Jappe
Published: April 2024

Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um estudo sobre o conhecimento dos trabalhadores da educação sobre Educação Ambiental e de como acontece a sua formação continuada em uma escola municipal de São Sepé no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, RS. A pesquisa tem por objetivo conhecer e reconhecer o papel desses trabalhadores no tratamento da Educação Ambiental escolar, e se estes estão capacitados e integrados ao fazer pedagógico. Para conhecer as concepções e conhecimentos sobre a temática, foi aplicado um questionário com questões discursivas sobre o trabalho diário, o conhecimento em relação à Educação Ambiental, sobre a formação em relação à temática e sobre a importância deste assunto no trabalho que realizam na escola. Esse questionário foi examinado de forma quanti-qualitativa. As categorias de análise foram organizadas a priori. Como resultado aponta-se que existe uma lacuna na formação continuada desses profissionais, que a temática ultrapassa o conteúdo de sala de aula e está presente em todas as ações do cotidiano escolar, necessitando gerenciamento de ações que envolvem o manejo e descarte adequado dos resíduos sólidos.
INDUSTRY 5.0 - THE PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES OF THE BIOECONOMY
Authors: Penev N.
Published: April 2024

In this article, a study of the development of the fifth industrial revolution is made. Due to the rapid development of the bioeconomy and biotechnologies, which in turn change the environment for the functioning of industries and society, the topic is therefore extremely relevant. Different interpretations of the term "Fifth Industrial Revolution" are presented, while the key characteristics of the preceding industrial revolutions are examined and explored.
In its main part, the article analyzes the scientific studies of the vision of the fifth industrial revolution, as well as the identification of the main opportunities and threats facing the world economy, industries and society. The relationship of Industry 5.0 with the economic performance of various industries is described, as well as its impact on environmental sustainability and the reduction of resource use. Special attention is paid to the process of adaptation of the economy itself to the upcoming changes in the key value chains. Thanks to the analysis, the authors found that Industry 5.0 will be defined by a new and expanded focus consisting of three main elements: human focus, stability and sustainability. The concluding part shows the importance of balancing the economy by improving sustainable value chains, adaptive production facilities and flexible business processes.
Methods for screening and evaluation of antimicrobial activity: A review of protocols, advantages, and limitations
Authors: Hossain Tanim Jabid
Published: April 2024

Infectious diseases pose a formidable global challenge, compounded by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, researchers are actively exploring novel antimicrobial compounds as potential solutions. This endeavor underscores the pivotal role of methods employed for screening and evaluating antimicrobial activity—a critical step in discovery and characterization of antimicrobial agents. While traditional techniques such as well-diffusion, disk-diffusion, and broth-dilution are commonly utilized in antimicrobial assays, they may encounter limitations concerning reproducibility and speed. Additionally, a diverse array of antimicrobial assays including cross-streaking, poisoned-food, co-culture, time-kill kinetics, resazurin assay, bioautography, etc., are routinely employed in antimicrobial evaluations. Advanced techniques such as flow-cytometry, impedance analysis, and bioluminescent technique may offer rapid and sensitive results, providing deeper insights into the impact of antimicrobials on cellular integrity. However, their higher cost and limited accessibility in certain laboratory settings may present challenges. This article provides a comprehensive overview of assays designed to characterize antimicrobial activity, elucidating their underlying principles, protocols, advantages, and limitations. The primary objective is to enhance understanding of the methodologies designed for evaluating antimicrobial agents in our relentless battle against infectious diseases. By selecting the appropriate antimicrobial testing method, researchers can discern suitable conditions and streamline the identification of effective antimicrobial agents.
Highly complex materials processes as understood by phase-field simulations: Additive manufacturing, bainitic transformation in steel and high-temperature creep of superalloys
Authors: Steinbach Ingo , Uddagiri Murali , Salama Hesham , Ali Muhammad Adil , Shchyglo Oleg
Published: April 2024

Recent breakthroughs resolving open questions in materials science by phase-field simulations are reported. They relate to solidification structure formation in additive manufacturing, carbon redistribution during bainitic transformation, and the onset of damage during high-temperature creep of superalloys. The first example deals with the balance between epitaxial growth and nucleation in solidification. The second relates to the controversy regarding diffusion control and dominance of massive transformation in bainite transformation. The third relates to directional coarsening (rafting) in superalloys as a diffusion-controlled phase transformation: loss of coherency of precipitates marks the onset of damage associated with rotation of the crystal lattice and topological inversion. Technical details of the phase-field method are reviewed as necessary, and limitations of the approach are discussed.

Graphical abstract