bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miR-100-loaded liposomal nanoparticles inhibit migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through targeting trefoil factor 1 to mediate stromal cell derived factor-1a/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Ying , Shen Wenjuan , Zheng Yong , Zheng Su , Yao Yao , Lei Changjiang
Published: September 2022

Abnormal expression of miR-100 is indicated to influence the progression of gastric cancer (GC). As a carrier of miR-100, liposomal nanoparticles (LNPs) can accelerate the entry of miR-100 into cells and improve drug effectiveness. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism
whereby LNPs carrying miR-100 impact invasiveness of GC cells to provide a new strategy for managing the disorder. Human GC cells were treated with empty vectors, miR-100 mimic, and miR-100-loaded LNPs. SDF-1a/CXCR4 inhibitor was established as control group. Upon treatments, RT-qPCR was used
to determine miR-100 expression in GC cells and Transwell and scratch assay was used to assess cell migration and invasion. Luciferase-reporter gene assay and Western blot analysis detected the interaction between miR-100 and SDF-1a/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Treatment with miR-100-loaded LNPs
obtained the highest expression of miR-100, even higher than transfection with miR-100 mimic (P < 0.05), without difference between miR-100 mimic group and empty vector group (P > 0.05). With amplified bands of 610 bp detected in the miR-100-loaded LNPs, the nanoparticles
dramatically decreased cell migration and invasion with the lowest number of migrated cells and migration speed and healing rate among all the groups. Empty vector and miR-10 mimic exerted similar effect on cell migration and invasion (P > 0.05). With binding regions between them,
miR-100 was indicated as the target gene of TFF1. The fluorescence intensity of mutant plasmid was greater than that of wild-type plasmid (P < 0.05). Moreover, the miR-100-loaded LNPs resulted in decreased SDF-1a/CXCR4 expression, lower than that of the other groups. Isolated overexpression
of miR-100 or empty vector similarly down-regulated SDF-1a/CXCR4.Collectively, the miR-100 loaded with LNPs effectively up-regulates miR-100 expression and inhibits GC cell progression through targeting TFF1 protein and regulating the SDF-1a/CXCR4 signaling pathway.
Effect of chlorhexidine application on shear bond strength of self-adhesive dual cure resin cement
Authors: Alharbi Abdullah Zain , Al-Bounni Roula
Published: September 2022

The present study evaluates the impact of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on bond strength of self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement. In the currentin vitrostudy, 40 freshly extracted human sound premolar teeth were selected. Cavity preparations were performed and the teeth were divided into 4 groups (n=10). Group 1:1 mm cavity without 2% CHX; Group 2:1 mm cavity with 2% CHX; Group 3:3 mm cavity without 2% CHX; and Group 4:3 mm cavity with 2% CHX. In all groups, self-adhesive was added. The shear bond strength (SBS) of all the groups was statistically assessed. Comparison of mean maximum load among different groups showed significant difference (p< 0.05). Similarly, shear bond strength differed significantly between 3 mm without CHX group and 1 mm without CHX group (p< 0.05) and the mean difference of load differed significantly among 3 mm without CHX group and 1 mm with CHX group (p< 0.05). Although, there appears to be an influence of 2% CHX on shear bond strength and maximum load, however more studies are necessary to explore the effect of 2% CHX along with self-adhesive on shear bond strength.
Antifouling and anticorrosion performance of zinc or aluminum modified antifouling coatings
Authors: Chen Zhanghao , Yan Xuefeng
Published: September 2022

To cope simultaneously with marine biological pollution and seawater corrosion, in this study, zinc acrylate resin was used as the base material to prepare an antifouling coating, and either zinc powder or aluminum paste was added to modify it. The addition of zinc powder or aluminum
paste is 3%, 6% and 9% of resin content in the antifouling coating. A series of tests on the antifouling coating and modified coatings were carried out, including a contact angle test, laser confocal observation, marine hanging test, and salt spray test. The experiment results showed that
the salt spray test time of the antifouling coating is only 240 h, while there was almost no corrosion appeared on the modified coatings with 6% and 9% zinc powder content after 408 hours of salt spray test. The initial electrochemical impedance values of the two modified coatings are 6.39×107
Ω·cm2 and 2.18×107 Ω·cm2, respectively, both of which were greatly improved compared with the initial electrochemical impedance value of 1.41×104 Ω·cm2 of the antifouling coating. After immersion
in seawater for 50 days, there were no cracks on the surface of the two modified coatings, and their contact angles were 96° and 94°, respectively. After 120 days of the marine hanging test, there was no biofouling on the film surface of any coating.
Design of online monitoring of wall material corrosion
Authors: Chen Yong , He Yang , Shuai Bincai , Zheng Pengfei , Qiu Changjun
Published: September 2022

The wall material of a tokamak is exposed to high radiation for a significant amount of time. Therefore, the most difficult problem in ensuring the safe operation of nuclear reactors is the design of a wall material that is conducive to the online monitoring of corrosion degree. In
this study, we design an online detection system using isotope tracer technology to calibrate the corrosion degree of a tokamak wall material. Obtaining a sample with a gradient isotope is key for calibration systems. Therefore, we simulate the isotope behavior during ion implantation such
that the appropriate injection parameters can be selected to obtain wall-material samples with a concentration gradient, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the corrosion degree calibration of wall materials.
Electric-field control of magnetism in iron oxide nanoparticle/BaTiO3 film composites
Authors: Wang L.-M. , Petracic O. , Schubert J. , Brückel Th.
Published: September 2022

Electric field-assisted storage of information using magnetoelectric materials permits a novel class of memory devices. Magnetic nanoparticles can be considered as building blocks for artificial super-structures for magnetoelectric composites. In this work, monodisperse ferrimagnetic
nanoparticles (NPs) embedded into ferroelectric barium titanate (BTO) films were fabricated by a combination of spin coating of the NPs and pulsed laser deposition of the BTO films. The composite consists of a stack of two BTO films sandwiching one monolayer of iron oxide NPs. We observed
a magnetoelectric coupling due to strain and interface charge co-mediation between the BTO and the NPs. This is demonstrated by magnetization measurements as a function of DC and AC electric fields.
Active nanomaterials containing YAPTAZ reshape tumor immune microenvironment and enhance sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer to immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Yang Yiming , Lu Yanqin , Li Ning , Hu Fen , Zhang Bolin , Dai Hao , Cai Haifeng , Yan Jinyin
Published: September 2022

The present study designed a new type of active nanomaterials containing Yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (YAPTAZ) to investigate its role in tumor immune microenvironment and treatment sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Three groups were established in this study, namely; blank control group (saline), YAPTAZ group and YAPTAZ-loaded active nanomaterial group. For in vitro assays, the functional role of active nanomaterials containing YAPTAZ in MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and
invasion was analyzed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, scratch test and Transwell assay, respectively. For in vivo assays, tumor xenotransplantation experiment was performed to observe the effect of active nanomaterials containing YAPTAZ on treatment of TNBC. Administration of active nanomaterials
containing YAPTAZ decreased proliferation, invasion and migration of TNBC cells, and promoted apoptosis, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of TNBC cells to treatments. The active nanomaterials were characterized by large surface area, high dispersion, specific adhesion function, tumor affinity
and adhesion, when prolonging drug’s circulation time. The findings from our study highlight the potential for targeted active nanomaterials containing YAPTAZ for TNBC treatment, providing a new interventional therapy for TNBC.
Effects of matrigel on growth and development of cerebral organoids
Authors: Chang Ning , He Jiahui , Guo Yunxia , Huang Yan , Zhao Xiangwei
Published: September 2022

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is very important in cerebral organoids culture because it affects organoids growth and development. The most common ECM is Matrigel. To study the effect of Matrigel on cerebral organoids, diameter analysis, live/dead staining and RNA sequencing were performed
on cerebral organoids using two common Matrigel, Matrigel 354277 and Matrigel 356230 (low growth factors). The morphology and diameter of the organoids were analyzed, which revealed that the average size and the relative area of the neuroepithelium of 356230-group were slightly larger than
that of 354277-group. Besides, it showed that there was essentially no difference in the activity of organoids between the two groups by live-dead staining at day 15. Finally, RNA sequencing was used to analyze gene expression at day 10, day 20 and day 30. There were 738, 2190 and 689 differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) respectively. 14, 14 and 19 KEGG biological pathways involved in the DEGs were selected to study. At day 10, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells was important and the downregulation of it in 354277-group affected ectodermal development. At day 20,
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway were the key pathways and the upregulation of key genes indicated that 354277-group might have more apoptosis than 356230-group. Besides, at day 30, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathway and GABAergic synapse were critical and downregulation
of related genes affected synaptic signaling. Above all, types of Matrigel affected ectoderm differentiation, cell apoptosis and neurological function and Matrigel 356230 is a better choice than Matrigel 354277 for generating cerebral organoids.
How Campus Alienation Exacerbated International Students’ Difficulties in Accessing Campus Services Remotely During COVID-19: Notes on Policy and Programming
Authors: Lalwani Anil , M. Green Wendy , R. Hamlen Mansour Karla
Published: September 2022

The declining trend of international student enrollment in the United States has been investigated from the standpoint of social discrimination, and more recently, by accounting for the compounding effects of COVID-19-based campus closures and remote learning operations. The purpose of this study was to explore whether experiences of campus alienation are related to difficulties international students faced while accessing campus services remotely. A survey was developed and validated for the study. It was completed by 417 international students attending US postsecondary institutions. A canonical correlation was conducted to evaluate the multivariate shared relationships between campus exclusion, COVID-19 racism, and country of origin as one set of variables, and difficulties accessing campus services remotely (DASCR) and international travel difficulties as the other set. Results revealed one significant canonical function; this model explained 27% of variance shared between the two variable sets. Indicators of shared variance provided evidence for significant relationships between experiences characterizing campus alienation and DASCR. Implications are drawn in light of policy and program development, and practical examples are provided for postsecondary educators on how to offer pertinent outreach to their international students and advocate for inclusive campus policies in managing international student engagement remotely during campus closure.
Framing Effects on US Adults’ Reactions to COVID-19 Public Health Messages: Moderating Role of Source Trust
Authors: Vaala Sarah E. , Ritter Matthew B. , Palakshappa Deepak
Published: September 2022

Increasing politicization of health guidance and fluctuating trust in public health institutions have challenged effective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health communication in the United States. Applying the extended parallel process model, this research reports findings from two online survey experiments conducted at different points in the pandemic regarding two advocated risk reduction behaviors. Analyses test US adults’ emotional and argument strength reactions to experimental tweets attributed to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention which vary with regards to advocated behavior (social distancing; vaccination), emotional appeal, wellbeing orientation (individual vs. collective), and content frame (health vs. economic outcomes). Trust in the CDC is treated as a potential moderator. Results of path analyses indicated that emotional appeal and content frame had little impact on emotional or cognitive responses to the social distancing tweets, though unvaccinated adults with low trust in the CDC experienced greater hope and fear responses to tweets emphasizing collective benefits of vaccination. Hope reactions in both studies predicted greater perceived response efficacy for the advocated behavior, particularly among those with low CDC trust, while message annoyance undermined efficacy among low trust participants. Particularly among adults with low trust in the CDC, fear reactions led to reduced efficacy. Perceived efficacy of vaccination predicted greater intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, controlling for prior intention. Messages which inspire hope with regards to risk reduction behaviors and include sound arguments may be more motivating than fear-appeal messages, particularly among individuals with low levels of trust in public health institutions.
Adoption; a relevant concept for agricultural land management in the 21 century?
Authors: Allan Catherine , Cooke Penelope , Higgins Vaughan , Leith Peat , Bryant Melanie , Cockfield Geoff
Published: September 2022

This review seeks to understand the implications of using “adoption” to evaluate agricultural soil management outreach in the twenty-first century. The act of changing from one practice to another practice is referred to as “adoption”. The concept of adoption is closely associated with the design and evaluation of agricultural extension programs. Although focusing on adoption is deeply entrenched in agricultural extension, some scholars question the usefulness of the concept in light of the complexity and uncertainty that characterises farming in the twenty-first century. We present a purposeful review of literature that considers adoption in relation to three general approaches to agricultural extension; top-down, bottom-up and co-constructionist, with an emphasis on land management in Australia. The conceptual fit of adoption as a measure of success for each extension approach is explored. We conclude that the usefulness of adoption of individual practices or tools as a measure of success needs to be considered in context. Failing to reflect on what adoption means in any particular program or activity risks ignoring or misunderstanding real change and impacts and /or shaping activities to fit a simple, linear adoption expectation. We suggest that adoption remains a useful concept, but could be best considered as a gateway to increased reflection and reflexivity when projects and activities are being developed.
Adaptation and Validation of the Arabic Version of the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport
Authors: Ben Salha Manel , Kern Laurence , Abdelatif Fatah , Nabli El Hassane , Baria Abderrahim , Fournier Jean F.
Published: September 2022

Our goal for this study was to adapt the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS) into written Arabic that would be easily understood in North African countries (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco or TAM). Assessment tools in Arabic, such as this MIS-TAM version, are rare but essential for evaluating the effectiveness of sport psychology interventions. We adopted a committee approach to obtain a first Arabic version of the MIS. We asked a team of translators to adapt the items to the level of understanding of 13-year-old athletes by selecting words common to the culture of the three countries. The validation process underwent three phases. In Study 1, we tested MIS-TAM for clarity and deemed it acceptable. In Study 2 we tested the construct validity of two different models with confirmatory factorial analyses. These analyses confirmed that the structure of the 15-item MIS-TAM was psychometrically similar to the original version; it had a first order model encompassing three dimensions: Awareness, Non-Judgement and Refocusing. Analyses also found the internal consistency of the MIS-TAM acceptable. We assessed convergent validity in Study 3 with the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, but no correlations between the two instruments were significant. In conclusion, the MIS-TAM has acceptable psychometric properties, though further work is needed regarding convergent validity. The rigorous work of translation and adaptation focused on shared linguistics in three target countries, and this questionnaire will also prove useful in other countries where Arabic is the main language.
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Among First Responders in Northeastern Ohio, 2020
Authors: Zhang Xiaochun , Saade Elie , Noguez Jaime H. , Schmotzer Christine
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

First responders, including firefighters, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), paramedics, and law enforcement officers, are working on the front lines to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and facing an increased risk of infection. This study assessed the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among first responders in northeastern Ohio.

Methods:

A survey and immunoglobulin G antibody test against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein were offered to University Hospitals Health System–affiliated first-responder departments during May to September 2020. The survey contained questions about demographic characteristics and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 3080 first responders with diverse job assignments from more than 400 fire and police departments participated in the study.

Results:

Of 3080 participants, 73 (2.4%) were seropositive and 26 (0.8%) had previously positive real-time polymerase chain reaction results. Asymptomatic infection accounted for 46.6% (34 of 73) of seropositivity. By occupation, rates of seropositivity were highest among administration/support staff (3.8%), followed by paramedics (3.0%), EMTs (2.6%), firefighters (2.2%), and law enforcement officers (0.8%). Work-associated exposure rates to COVID-19 patients were: paramedics (48.2%), firefighters (37.1%), EMTs (32.3%), law enforcement officers (7.7%), and administration/support staff (4.4%). Self-reported community exposure was positively correlated with self-reported work-associated exposure rate (correlation coefficient = 0.99). Neither self-reported community nor work-associated exposure was correlated with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. We found no significant difference in seroprevalence among sex/gender or age groups; however, Black participants had a higher positivity rate than participants of other racial groups despite reporting lower exposure.

Conclusions:

Despite the high work-associated exposure rate to SARS-CoV-2 infection, first responders with various roles demonstrated seroprevalence no higher than their administrative/supportive colleagues, which suggests infection control measures are effective in preventing work-related infection.
Perspectives on Military Culture Among Veterans With a Recent Suicide Attempt: Illustrating Gender Differences and Informing Suicide Prevention
Authors: Tompkins Kyla J. , Roth Brandon , Wu Tiona Y. , Somohano Vanessa C. , Denneson Lauren M.
Published: September 2022

This article aims to expand our understanding of military culture as it relates to gender and veterans’ mental health, drawing from rich qualitative data. Fifty in-depth interviews (25 men, 25 women) were conducted with veterans who had a recent suicide attempt (within 6 months). Interviews revealed major themes of unequal standards and a hostile environment in the military. Women strived to fit in and experienced differential treatment in their physical training, professional expectations, and family life; men recollected masculine bonds and camaraderie through drinking. Women described the hostile environment of the military through their experiences of sexual violence and both genders described a culture of silence where signs of weakness were shamed. Findings support a cultural shift toward equitable gender norms for military members. Policy should focus on increased transparency institutionally—and between members—as well as improving protection and response to reported abuse.
Sanitizing the national body: COVID-19 and the revival of Japan’s “Closed Country” strategy
Authors: Vogt Gabriele , Qin Sian
Published: September 2022

Japan’s handling of border control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic has become known as sakoku-approach. Sakoku literally means “closed country” and generally refers to a historic period when the Tokugawa Shogunate (1603–1868) kept Japan’s borders shut because international contacts were feared to cause public upheaval and political instability. While these times have long passed, contemporary Japan, too, is known for its tight management of immigration avenues. In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of these avenues were cut off, and despite much criticism, have remained largely inaccessible for two years now. In this paper, we build on concepts from authoritarian populism and the performance of crisis to analyze how and why Japan revived its isolationist strategy. We decipher the discursive framings that Prime Minister Abe applied to illustrate the disruptive influence that open borders would have on Japan’s public health, social stability and by extension, on the national body itself. We argue that from the onset of the pandemic on, the ethnic others were portrayed as a risk mainly for two intertwined reasons: Firstly, Japan’s pandemic management relies on self-constraint rather than rules and sanctions, and the ethnic others’ compliance was not fully trusted. Secondly, this exclusionary strategy fed into populist discourses and was presumed to result in favorable support rates for the administration.
Rethinking the migration-development nexus in the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Chan Yuk Wah , Lan Pei-Chia
Published: September 2022

This concluding article serves as an epilogue summing up key issues about migration, labor migrants and development amid a crisis of public health. We predict the forging of an age of sanitization in which different kinds of sanitizing policies will still be in place, especially in Asia, to deal with the sporadic changes of the pandemic. Sanitization politics will continue to intersect with different policy sectors and powers, which will extend beyond the medical understanding of a pandemic and blur the division between science and politics. It will have varied impacts on the migration regime and global governance as a whole.
Lifting Me Up or Tearing You Down? The Role of Prestige and Dominance in Benign Versus Malicious Envy
Authors: Hasty Connor R. , Ainsworth Sarah E. , Martinez Jose L. , Maner Jon K.
Published: September 2022

Dominance and prestige are two strategies people use to regulate their social rank within group hierarchies. Despite a growing literature on dominance- and prestige-oriented leaders, little is known about how those strategies operate among people lower in social rank. Four studies tested the hypothesis that, among subordinates, dominance and prestige are associated with high levels of malicious and benign envy, respectively. Individual differences in prestige were positively and independently associated with benign envy, and negatively associated with malicious envy. Individual differences in dominance were positively and independently associated with both malicious and benign envy. Two experiments demonstrated that activating a prestige-oriented mindset (relative to a dominance-oriented mindset) caused people to display higher levels of benign envy. No experimental effects on malicious envy were observed. Theories of prestige and dominance provide a useful framework for understanding ways in which subordinate group members strive for high social rank.
Pulling Together While Falling Apart: A Relational View on Integration in Serial Acquirers
Authors: Colman Helene Loe , Lunnan Randi
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we bring to the fore the role of relationships in serial acquirers. Through an in-depth, qualitative, longitudinal study, we explore how engaging in sequential and overlapping processes of postacquisition integration impairs the integration capabilities of serial acquirers. We identify how the relational dynamics that follow each individual integration initiative impede the ability of acquiring firms to operate business as usual, as well as to integrate new targets. Our study offers deep insight into the complexities of serial acquisitions, by conceptualizing the nature and composition of integration capabilities, and the role of relationships in organizations undergoing frequent changes. Based on our findings, we assert that relationships deserve more attention in serial acquisitions; they serve as mechanisms that provide the social fabric of coordination and capability development.
Social media’s canaries: content moderators between digital labor and mediated trauma
Authors: Pinchevski Amit
Published: September 2022

This paper takes recent PTSD claims by content moderators working for Microsoft and Google as a starting point to discuss the changing nature of trauma in the context of social media and algorithmic culture. Placing these claims in the longer history of how media came to be regarded by clinicians as potentially traumatic, it considers content moderation as a form of immaterial labor, which brings the possibility to be traumatized into the cycle of digital labor. Therefore, to the extent that content moderators’ trauma exists as a clinical condition, it cannot be taken as an incidental side-effect but as a built-in potentiality. It is about the commodification of traumatic vulnerability itself. The discussion then proceeds to speculate about the possibility of using algorithms to identify potentially traumatic content and what would that mean for the understanding of trauma, especially as a mediated experience.
Parenting Immigrants: Understanding How Family Relationships Impact the Wellbeing of Older Chinese Immigrants Living on the Gold Coast, Australia
Authors: Gao Siyao , Dupre Karine , Bosman Caryl
Published: September 2022

Immigration brings particular challenges to older Chinese immigrants’ wellbeing because they make a new home in a foreign country. Based on 30 semi-structured in-depth interviews, this study aims to understand the immigration history of this specific group and unravel the complex links between family relationships and wellbeing. Four themes emerged from the interviews. First, the decision to immigrate is the result of the combined influence of family values, affinities and the need for aged care. Second, after immigration, housework normally negatively influences their wellbeing. The third theme pertains to the interactions amongst family members. The final theme shows that Chinese immigrants’ perceived wellbeing is influenced by family relationships, an independent lifestyle and social networks. This research highlights older Chinese immigrants’ complex feelings of family commitment, personal values and the need for aged care. Practical implications for policymakers to better facilitate this group’s wellbeing are provided.
Marital Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction Among Ghanaians
Authors: Malm Esther K. , Oti-Boadi Mabel , Adom-Boakye Nana Ama , Andah Aba
Published: September 2022

This study examined factors associated with marital satisfaction/dissatisfaction among Ghanaian couples living in Ghana and abroad. Using a correlational design, data from a convenience sample of 231 married participants from Ghana and abroad were collected via an online survey. Results from regression analyses revealed that four positive behaviors—affection, companionship, commitment to the family, and financial support—and one negative behavior, beatings/slaps, were significantly associated with marital satisfaction. Three negative behaviors—annoying habits, selfishness, and disrespect—were significantly associated with marital dissatisfaction. Participants in Ghana reported significantly higher rates of beatings in marriage compared to those abroad. Also, negative behaviors experienced in marriage were significantly associated with less secure and more anxious attachment styles. Finally, slaps/beatings as associated with marital satisfaction show unique cultural/sub-cultural interpretations of behaviors. Findings contribute to growing studies and clinical practice that serve multicultural individuals and families.
Pathology of Bone: Changes Associated With Different Classes of Compounds
Authors: Gropp Kathryn E.
Published: September 2022

During this presentation, a variety of class effects were reviewed by their differing effects on bone, including inhibition of endochondral ossification, inhibition of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis, promotion of bone formation, inhibition of bone formation, abnormal bone formation, promotion of bone resorption, inhibition of bone resorption, and bone necrosis.
To Clot or Not to Clot: Deepening Our Understanding of Alterations in the Hemostatic System
Authors: Reagan William J. , Brooks Marjory B. , Grozovsky Renata , Pittman Debra , Vitsky Allison , Brenneman Karrie
Published: September 2022

The session on the hemostatic system focused on new developments in coagulation and platelet biology as well as how therapeutic agents may affect hemostasis. The classic cascade model of coagulation was compared with the more recent models of cell-based and vascular-based coagulation, which may provide better insight on how the coagulation cascade works in vivo. A review of platelet biology highlighted that, as platelets age, desialylated platelets form and are recognized by Ashwell-Morell receptor (AMR), leading to hepatic uptake and subsequent increase in thrombopoietin (TPO) production. Administration of therapeutics that induce thrombocytopenia was also discussed, including Mylotarg, which is an antibody-drug conjugate that was shown to decrease human megakaryocyte development but had no effect on platelet aggregation. An acetyl co-A carboxylase inhibitor was shown to cause thrombocytopenia by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis, which is critical for the formation of the megakaryocyte demarcation membrane system responsible for platelet production. It was also illustrated how preclinical translation models have been very helpful in the development of adeno-associated virus (AAV) hemophilia B gene therapy and what old and new preclinical tools we have that can predict the risk of a prothrombotic state in people.
Food consumption habits, gestational age and birth weight are predictive for children with excess weight: An analysis based on artificial neural network
Authors: Nobre Isabele Góes , Jurema Santos Gabriela Carvalho , Santos de Almeida Oliveira Tafnes Laís Pereira , Ribeiro Isabella da Costa , dos Santos Ravi Marinho , Rodrigues Camilla Peixoto Santos , Moura-dos-Santos Marcos André , Nazare Julie-Anne , Pirola Luciano , Leandro Carol Gois
Published: September 2022

The relationship between body weight gain and the onset of obesity is linked to environmental and behavioral factors, and may be dependent on biological predisposing. Artificial neural networks are useful predictive tools in the field of artificial intelligence, and can be used to identify risk factors related to obesity. The aim of this study is to establish, based on artificial neural networks, a predictive model for overweight/obesity in children based on the recognition and selection of patterns associated with birth weight, gestational age, height deficit, food consumption, and the physical activity level, TV time and family context. Sample consisted of 149 children (72 = eutrophic and 77 = overweight/obese). Collected data consisted of anthropometry and demographic characteristics, gestational age, birth weight, food consumption, physical activity level, TV time and family context. The gestational age, daily caloric intake and birth weight were the main determinants of the later appearance of overweight and obesity. In addition, the family context linked to socioeconomic factors, such as the number of residents in the household, had a great impact on excess weight. The physical activity level was the least important variable. Modifiable risk factors, such as the inadequate food consumption, and non-modifiable factors such as gestational age were the main determinants for overweight/obesity in children. Our data indicate that, combating excess weight should also be carried out from a social and preventive perspective during critical periods of development, such as pregnancy, lactation and early childhood, to reach a more effective strategy to combat obesity and its complications in childhood and adult life.
Mid-size firm growth: The process and empirical examination of key drivers
Authors: Wolbers Gary , Pillutla Arun K
Published: September 2022

The growth of the mid-sized enterprise arguably facilitates the resilience and stability needed for a thriving economy, even though such firms are comparatively overlooked or underrepresented in the scholarly literature. Further, the process of how mid-sized firms grow is seemingly unexplained. We address this gap in the literature through qualitative research and unveil a growth process model for mid-sized enterprise, illuminating the interaction of relationship and resource variables that are orchestrated by managers to achieve growth. Results from our research capture formative interactions and how they are developed, exploitative strategies coupled with galvanised relationships and integrated relationship and resource complexity as drivers to state-dependent growth. We unpack which variables foster growth as well as how, where and when they do so and contribute to literature with finer-grained description and prescription for growth objectives in mid-sized firms.
Decreased PRESET-Score corresponds with improved survival in COVID-19 veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Powell Elizabeth K , Lankford Allison S , Ghneim Mira , Rabin Joseph , Haase Daniel J , Dahi Siamak , Deatrick Kristopher B , Krause Eric , Bittle Gregory , Galvagno Samuel M , Scalea Thomas , Tabatabai Ali
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The PREdiction of Survival on ECMO Therapy Score (PRESET-Score) predicts mortality while on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of our study was to assess the association between PRESET-Score and survival in a large COVID-19 VV ECMO cohort.

Methods

This was a single-center retrospective study of COVID-19 VV ECMO patients from 15 March 2020, to 30 November 2021. Univariable and Multivariable analyses were performed to assess patient survival and score differences.

Results

A total of 105 patients were included in our analysis with a mean PRESET-Score of 6.74. Overall survival was 65.71%. The mean PRESET-Score was significantly lower in the survivor group (6.03 vs 8.11, p < 0.001). Patients with a PRESET-Score less than or equal to six had improved survival compared to those with a PRESET-Score greater than or equal to 8 (97.7% vs. 32.5%, p < 0.001). In a multivariable logistic regression, a lower PRESET-Score was also predictive of survival (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.75, 4.63, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

We demonstrate that lower PRESET scores are associated with improved survival. The utilization of this validated, quantifiable, and objective scoring system to help identify COVID-19 patients with the greatest potential to benefit from VV-ECMO appears feasible. The incorporation of the PRESET-Score into institutional ECMO candidacy guidelines can help insure and improve access of this limited healthcare resource to all critically ill patients.
Clinical outcomes and echocardiographic characteristics between African American and Caucasian patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Cires-Drouet Rafael S , Sama Jacob , Han Paul , Jones Kevin , Haase Daniel , Miller Taylor , Toursavadkohi Shahab , Nagarsheth Khanjan , Alston Lateaqua , Smedley Angela , Shanholtz Carl , Mayorga-Carlin Minerva , Sorkin John D , Hong Susie N , Ramani Gautam , Griffith Bartley , Lal Brajesh K , Taylor Bradley
Published: September 2022

Background

Despite socioeconomic disparities, no association between clinical presentation and poor outcomes explains a higher mortality in African Americans with pulmonary embolism (PE). The objective is to identify the co-morbidities and echocardiographic characteristics associated with increased mortality in African American patients.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of Caucasian or African American patients with PE diagnosed between October 2015 and December 2017 at University of Maryland Medical Center. The outcomes were in-hospital death, length of stay, and bleeding.

Results

There were 303 African Americans and 343 Caucasians. Caucasians were older ( p = 0.007), males ( p = 0.01) with history of coronary artery revascularization (CABG ( p = 0.001), coronary stents ( p = 0.001)), trauma ( p = 0.007), and/or recent surgeries ( p = 0.0001). African Americans exhibited higher rates of diabetes ( p = 0.01), chronic kidney disease ( p = 0.0005), and smoking ( p = 0.04). Severity of PE was similar between groups and there was no difference in clot burden size. African Americans had more right ventricular strain on Computer Tomography ( p = 0.001) and echocardiogram ( p = 0.004); also, underfilled left ventricles ( p = 0.02) and higher right ventricular systolic pressures ( p = 0.001). There was no difference in hospital mortality (7.1% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.71), length of stay (13.1 ± 16.7 vs 12.8 ± 14.9, p = 0.80) and bleeding (9.0% vs.8.3%. p = 0.72). Mortality was higher in African Americans who received advanced therapies (3.8% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.02). The risk of death increased with age (OR 1.04; 95%CI 1.020–1.073) and with advanced therapies (OR 2.43; 95%CI 1.029–5.769).

Conclusions

Differences in co-morbidities, radiologic findings, and echocardiographic characteristics that may contribute to higher mortality in African American patients, specifically those receiving advanced therapies.
Process and Bureaucracy: Scientific Reform as Civilisation
Authors: Penders Bart
Published: September 2022

The reform movement in science is seemingly constructing a new moral economy of science around process and bureaucracy, in which a new scientific etiquette is emerging that prescribes the performance of reformed science as civilised, efficient and objective. Bureaucratic innovations were borne out of the reform movement that seek to prescribe specific research processes, including but not limited to preregistration and registered reports. This moral economy emerges in the form of a bureaucracy and its epistemic uniformity actively suppresses scientific plurality. This paper argues that Eliasian drivers such as distinction, shame and disgust, act to pressure scientists into adopting this new etiquette. Even though the etiquette's appearance is quite new, it can be traced back to existing moral economies of science and their pursuit of efficiency and objectivity.
Multicriteria Decision-Making Methods for Optimal Treatment Selection in Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bellos Ioannis
Published: September 2022

Background

Network meta-analysis exploits randomized data to compare multiple interventions and generate rankings. Selecting an optimal treatment may be complicated when multiple conflicting outcomes are evaluated in parallel.

Design

The present study suggested the incorporation of multicriteria decision-making methods in network meta-analyses to select the best intervention when multiple outcomes are of interest by creating partial and absolute rankings with the TOPSIS, VIKOR, and PROMETHEE algorithms. The TOPSIS and VIKOR techniques represent distance-based methods for compromise intervention selection, whereas the PROMETHEE analysis method allows the definition of preference and indifference thresholds. In addition, the PROMETHEE technique allows a variety of modeling options by selecting alternative preference functions. Different weights may be applied to outcomes objectively with the entropy method as well as subjectively with the analytic hierarchy process, enabling the individualization of treatment choice depending on the clinical scenario.

Results

Visualization of decision analysis may be performed with multicriteria score-adjusted scatterplots, while league tables may be constructed to depict the PROMETHEE I partial ordering of interventions. A simulated study was performed assuming equal weights of outcomes, and the TOPSIS, VIKOR, and PROMETHEE II methods were compared using a similarity coefficient, indicating a high degree of agreement among methods, especially with higher numbers of interventions.

Conclusions

Multicriteria decision analysis provides a flexible and computationally direct way of selecting compromise interventions and visualizing treatment selection in network meta-analyses. Further research should provide empirical data about the implementation of multicriteria decision analysis in real-world network meta-analyses aiming to define the most suitable method depending on the clinical question.

Highlights

Multicriteria decision-making methods can be implemented in network meta-analysis to indicate compromise interventions. The TOPSIS, VIKOR, and PROMETHEE methods can be used for optimal treatment selection when conflicting outcomes are evaluated. The weights of outcomes can be defined objectively or subjectively, reflecting the priorities of the decision maker.
Policies to Sustain Employment Among Family Caregivers: The Family Caregiver Perspective
Authors: Nadash Pamela , Alberth Andrew G. , Tell Eileen J. , Jansen Taylor
Published: September 2022

The work of caregiving can make it difficult to sustain employment. This study aimed to clarify what family caregivers themselves think is important in remaining employed, as part of work mandated under the Recognize, Assist, Include, Support, and Engage (RAISE) Family Caregivers Act of 2018. Data came from a Request for Information promulgated by the Administration for Community Living, resulting in 1147 family caregiver responses, and 12 focus groups. Findings support many goals identified by caregiver-advocates, such as expanding the Family and Medical Leave Act, and access to paid time off and sick leave; caregivers also value flexible work arrangements. However, the study further revealed a need for supportive work environments that protect caregivers against workplace discrimination and negative attitudes held by both managers and colleagues, and thus for employer education about the caregiving experience as well as caregivers’ needs for workplace supports and benefits, and possibly anti-discrimination legislation.
Roles of C/EBP-homologous protein and histone H3 lysine 4 methylation in arsenic-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in hepatocytes
Authors: Liang Cai , Xie Ru-Jia , Wang Jun-Li , Zhang Ying-Wan , Zhang Jia-Yuan , Yang Qin , Han Bing
Published: September 2022

C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation have been verified to be correlated with apoptosis, whereas their biological function in arsenic-induced hepatocyte apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the specific regulatory mechanism of CHOP and H3K4me1/2 in arsenic-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in hepatocytes. Apoptosis and proliferation results showed arsenic promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell growth in BRL-3A cells. Meanwhile, arsenic treatment significantly upregulated the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), CHOP, su(var)-3-9,enhancer-of-zeste,trithorax (SET) domain containing 7/9 (SET7/9), H3K4me1/2, BIM and BAX expression, while markedly downregulated lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) and BCL2 expression. After down-regulating CHOP, LSD1, and (su(var)-3-9,enhancer-of-zeste,trithorax) domain-containing protein 7/9 (SET7/9) in BRL-3A cells by siRNA, silencing CHOP and SET7/9 notably attenuated the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of arsenic treatment on BRL-3A cells, which was reversed after inhibiting LSD1. In addition, our results suggested that knockdown of CHOP altered the expression of mitochondrial-associated proteins BCL2 and BIM, whereas knockdown of LSD1 and SET7/8 regulated the level of H3K4me1/2 modification and BAX protein. Coupled with chromatin immunoprecipitation results, we found that the level of CHOP in the promoter regions of BCL2 and BIM was significantly increased in BRL-3A cells exposed to 30 µmol/L NaAsO2 for 24 h, whereas the levels of H3K4me1/2 in the promoter regions of BAX were unchanged. Collectively, these data indicated that arsenic triggered the mitochondrial pathway to induce hepatocyte apoptosis by up-regulating the levels of CHOP and H3K4me1/2.
The Boomerang Technique: Redefining Skin-Only Lower Blepharoplasty
Authors: Fakih-Gomez Nabil , Haneef Mohammad , Zarate Juan Martin , Rodriguez-Chaker Samir , Fakih-Gomez Ibrahim
Published: September 2022

Blepharoplasty is a widely performed, tried, and tested procedure for periorbital rejuvenation. Most patients seeking cosmetic surgery of the lower eyelid are mostly concerned with excess skin, fat bags underneath their eyes, and a tired-looking appearance. A variety of techniques and approaches have been described for aesthetic alteration of the lower lid complex. For skin-only transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty, 2 surgical techniques have been described: the only skin flap and the skin pinch. In our experience, many patients seek only skin corrective resection fearing changes in their eye shape and some others have only excess skin. In this article, we will outline our approach to skin-only lower blepharoplasty. The boomerang technique is based only on skin removal with a superolateral vector design and can be incorporated, if needed, with other adjunctive procedures. To our knowledge, no previous article has described a precise and calculated design for skin removal. This serves the purpose of producing an aesthetic reproducible result with additional advantages inherent to the design over other techniques.
Contemporary Direct Brow Lift With Suspension Technique
Authors: Fakih-Gomez Nabil , Zarate Juan Martin , Rodriguez-Chaker Samir , Haneef Mohammad , Fakih Daniella , Fakih-Gomez Ibrahim
Published: September 2022

Brow ptosis is one of the earliest signs of periorbital aging. To surgically correct the aging brow, several brow lift procedures have been documented with varying amounts of success. Direct brow lift is regaining its popularity as it is a simple direct surgery that allows the surgeon a precise positioning, elevation, and shaping of the brow. However, unaesthetic scarring is a potential handicap of this technique. To reduce scarring, many methods have been proposed from different design markings, beveling the incision, and tissue suspension. The versatility of direct brow lift lies in its design, execution, tissue management, and reduction of tension in the scar. In this article, we present a refined modification of the classic direct brow lift technique. The procedure is based on anatomical landmarks with a versatile and reproducible design, a 20° beveled incision, and periosteal suspension of the orbicularis muscle. In our experience, the use of this technique has enabled us to attain long-term stable aesthetic results.