bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rational Engineering of Nanostructured AgM (M = Au, Pt, Pd) Bimetallic Electrodes via Galvanic Replacement for Glycerol Electrolysis
Authors: Luo Hui , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena
Published: February 2025

Glycerol electrolysis to coproduce green H2 and valuable chemicals at low potential constitutes a promising strategy to phase out fossil fuels in the energy and chemical sectors. In the search for high‐performance catalysts, novel metals such as Pt, Pd, and Au with well‐designed nanostructures and high density of active sites have shown great promise. Through alloying with other metals, their electronic structure can be further tuned, impacting the catalytic activity. Among different synthesis methods for nanostructured alloy catalysts, galvanic replacement is particularly attractive as it enables the production of bimetallic and hollow nanomaterials with increased active site density and intrinsic activity. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept study of fabricating carbon paper electrodes with directly grown nanostructured AgM (M = Au, Pt, Pd) bimetallic catalysts is presented, which are prepared by galvanic replacement for glycerol electrolysis. Among them the AgPt catalyst exhibits highest activity with lowest starting potential for glycerol electrooxidation, while AgAu showed high stability and poisoning tolerance. The engineered electrode is tested in a membrane‐electrode‐assembly glycerol electrolyser with a cell voltage below 1 V at 100 mA, demonstrating the promise of galvanic replacement method in engineering active and stable electrodes for glycerol electrolysis.
Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO Coating on Biodegradable Fe‐Based Alloys
Authors: Paul Birgit , Bahrami Amin , Hahn Veronika , Quade Antje , Datye Amit , Kosiba Konrad , Pilz Stefan , Goldberg Phil , Schwarz Udo D. , Hempel Frank , Hufenbach Julia , Nielsch Kornelius
Published: February 2025

As implant‐related infections increase with a simultaneously increasing demand for implants, new material design concepts are needed to prevent such occasions from leading to failure or mortality. One approach is the antibacterial coating of implant materials with ZnO. This study applies ZnO by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the novel class of temporary metallic implant materials. The biodegradable alloy Fe69Mn30C1 is applied as substrate. Three different coating thicknesses (33, 45, and 60 nm) deposited at the very low temperature of 100 °C are investigated regarding their mechanical behavior, roughness, wettability and in vitro degradation. With increasing thickness of the ALD coating, the roughness and corresponding contact angle slightly increased, although the surface remained hydrophilic. Initial corrosion products are analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, where Zn with Phosphorous‐Oxygen compounds are identified. Furthermore, the antibacterial effect of a ZnO coating is tested against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus compared to uncoated Fe69Mn30C1 and clinically applied 316L stainless steel. The ZnO coating clearly enhanced the antibacterial effect in direct material contact with S. aureus, inhibitory rate of up to 99.2% compared to uncoated 316L. As an outlook for further studies, it is demonstrated that an additively manufactured generic 3D structure can be coated using ALD.
Plasmon Induced Charge Transfer Dynamics in Metallic Nanoparticle‐MoSe2 Nanoflake Heterostructures
Authors: Verma P. K. , Kumar Vignesh Balaji , Srinivasan Varadharajan
Published: February 2025

Plasmon‐induced hot carrier dynamics are crucial in various practical applications such as water splitting and photovoltaics. A hybrid system formed by interfacing plasmonic Au or Ag metal nanoparticles with triangular MoSe2 nanoflakes is proposed, which also possess edge‐localized plasmons. Using time‐dependent density functional theory‐based simulations, this bi‐plasmonic system is shown to exhibit interfacial charge transfer induced by plasmonic excitations of either component. Tracking the fate of photoinduced plasmons in the system reveals that a significant pathway to their decay involves the direct transfer of hot‐carriers across the interface. This study finds that while the likelihoods of both the direct hot‐electron and hot‐hole transfers are comparable, in most cases considered, the latter dominates. The extent and net direction of direct charge transfer are found to depend on various tunable features of the interface, including the plasmon mode (nanoparticle or nanoflake) excited and the polarization of the light used. It is anticipated that this platform could prove extremely useful for widening the substrate scope in photocatalysis and photodetection applications.
Amorphous Ga2O3 Based Erasable Two‐Terminal Artificial Photonic Synapses
Authors: Gao Feng , Wang Tianyi , Bai Jinlong , Gong Weiqiang , Jiang Yan , Zhang Xitian , Li Lin
Published: February 2025

Photonic synapses have garnered significant attention in visual sensing due to their ability to sense and store optical information in high parallel. Compared to three‐terminal devices, two‐terminal photonic synapses offer a simpler structure and are easier to integrate with silicon readout integrated circuits. However, achieving an efficient erasure function in two‐terminal photonic synapses has posed a formidable challenge, thereby limiting their broader application. Here, a two‐terminal bend‐erasing photonic synaptic device is designed and fabricated based on amorphous Ga2O3 (a‐Ga2O3) films by regulating oxygen vacancies (ranging from 25.6–44.4%). As a result, a‐Ga2O3 photonic synapses optimized by vacancy control engineering demonstrate ultra‐high storage bit‐widths exceeding 5 bits and fundamental synaptic functions. In addition, a 5 × 5 photonic synapse array is constructed. After ten consecutive UV pulse stimulations, the pattern retains a memory level of 30.7% after 120 s of attenuation, reflecting the excellent storage performance. These synaptic functions are also observed in the flexible a‐Ga2O3 device, and data erasure is realized by straightforward mechanical bending of the device. This study provides a low‐cost method to fabricate erasable two‐terminal photonic synapses, which will promote the development of UV artificial retinas and bionic eyes, paving the way for future innovations in optoelectronic applications and neuromorphic systems.
A Feedback Loop Driven by H4K12 Lactylation and HDAC3 in Macrophages Regulates Lactate‐Induced Collagen Synthesis in Fibroblasts Via the TGF‐β Signaling
Authors: Zou Ying , Cao Mibu , Tai Meiling , Zhou Haoxian , Tao Li , Wu Shu , Yang Kaiye , Zhang Youliang , Ge Yuanlong , Wang Hao , Luo Shengkang , Ju Zhenyu
Published: February 2025

The decrease in fibroblast collagen is a primary contributor to skin aging. Lactate can participate in collagen synthesis through lysine lactylation by regulating gene transcription. However, the precise mechanism by which lactate influences collagen synthesis requires further investigation. This study demonstrates that the depletion of macrophages mitigates the stimulating effect of lactate on collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. Through joint CUT&Tag and RNA‐sequencing analyses, a feedback loop between H4K12 lactylation (H4K12la) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in macrophages that drives lactate‐induced collagen synthesis are identified. Macrophages can uptake extracellular lactate via monocarboxylate transporter‐1 (MCT1), leading to an up‐regulation of H4K12la levels through a KAT5‐KAT8‐dependent mechanism in response to Poly‐L‐Lactic Acid (PLLA) stimulation, a source of low concentration and persistent lactate, thereby promoting collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. Furthermore, H4K12la is enriched at the promoters of TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β3, enhancing their transcription. Hyperlactylation of H4K12la inhibits the expression of the eraser HDAC3, while the activation of HDAC3 reduces H4K12la in macrophages and suppresses collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. In conclusion, this study illustrates that macrophages play a critical role in lactate‐induced collagen synthesis in the skin, and targeting the lactate‐H4K12la‐HDAC3‐TGF‐β axis may represent a novel approach for enhancing collagen production to combat skin aging.
Engineering surface tension of active layer solutions to form uniform films on water surface for large‐area flexible organic photovoltaic modules
Authors: Feng Kai , Zhou Xianmin , Gao Yerun , Chen Jianping , Liu Junfeng , Liu Xinlu , Luo Qi , Zhou Qijin , Xiong Zedong , Wang Xiaoru , Shao Ming , Han Hongwei , Zhou Yinhua
Published: February 2025

Fabricating large‐area uniform thin (about 100 nm) active layer films via solution processing is still challenging to realize efficient scalable organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules. In this work, we report a method to fabricate large‐area active layer films with the help of Marangoni force via engineering the surface tension of their solutions. Silicone oil was first adopted as an additive to substantially reduce surface tension of the active layer solutions from 34.8 to 20.6 mN/m. Large‐area (up to 700 cm2) thin active layer films spread spontaneously on water by Marangoni force due to the increased surface tension difference between the active layer solution and water. The films were then transferred onto charge transporting layer to fabricate devices. The active layer films fabricated by Marangoni force‐assisted coating (MAC) displayed power conversion efficiencies (PCE), 17.4% ± 0.3% for PM6:BTP‐eC9, 17.9 ± 0.7% for D18:N3 and 16.4 ± 0.3% for PM6:QM‐1. Furthermore, large‐area (32.5 cm2) OPV modules were fabricated based on the MAC method with a PCE of 14.3%. This is the first example that MAC method is used to successfully fabricate efficient OPV modules via the surface tension engineering of active layer films with silicone oil used as a low surface tension additive.
Hydrogen Bonding‐Induced Inversion and Amplification of Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) in Supramolecular Assemblies of Axially Chiral Luminogens
Authors: Ghorai Sandipan , Show Soumyadip , Das Anindita
Published: February 2025

Herein, we report the self‐assembly and chiroptical properties of two axially chiral π‐conjugated luminogens, R‐NMI and S‐NMI, each equipped with two pyridyl moieties for hydrogen (H)‐bonding with chiral diacids. The two enantiomers display aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) and increased CD and CPL signals in the self‐assembled state with a high glum value of 1.5 (±0.06) × 10‐2 in 1:9 dioxane:methylcyclohexane. Crystallographic analysis confirmed mirror‐image helical structures for R‐NMI and S‐NMI involving both intra‐ and intermolecular π‐π stacking, leading to elongated hexagonal platelets. Supramolecular co‐assembly of R‐NMI with D‐ and L‐tartaric acids (D‐TA and L‐TA) could remarkably modulate and invert the chiroptical properties of R‐NMI, which is unachievable with control chiral monoacids. The co‐assembled structures were driven by pyridine‐carboxylic acid H‐bonding as revealed from the crystal structure analysis, which was also supported by computational studies. Strikingly, R‐NMI+D‐TA leads to an exceptionally high fourfold amplification in the glum value [5.4 (±0.04) × 10⁻²] with an inverted sign, which additionally demonstrates intriguing temperature‐dependent switching. In contrast, R‐NMI+L‐TA results in a threefold reduction in the glum value [0.54 (±0.015) × 10⁻3], also with an inverted sign compared to R‐NMI alone, establishing a clear strategy for chiral discrimination between the two enantiomers of TA.
Mapping the Catalytic Cycle of Ru‐Catalyzed Ammonia Oxidation
Authors: Yuan Bowei , Tripodi Guilherme L. , Derks M.T.G.M. , Pereverzev Aleksandr Y. , Zhou Shaodong , Roithová Jana
Published: February 2025

This study presents a mechanism of ammonia oxidation catalyzed by [RuII(NH3)][PF6]2 (Ru = Ru(tpy)(dmabpy)) complexes. All intermediates, including the elusive [RuIII(NH2)]2+ and [RuIV(NH)]2+, were detected, with several intermediates characterized spectroscopically. The catalytic cycle follows multiple reaction pathways branching at the key intermediates [RuIII(NH2)]2+ and [RuII(N2H4)]2+. The competition between the pathways is influenced by ammonia concentration and the local proton concentration generated during electrooxidation at the anode. In the N–N bond‐forming steps, dimerization of [RuIII(NH2)]2+ and nucleophilic attack of [RuIV(NH)]2+ by ammonia compete, while in the subsequent [RuII(N2H4)]2+ oxidation, direct oxidation competes with proton‐catalyzed disproportionation. These findings provide molecular‐level insights into the catalytic cycle and offer guidance for developing more efficient ruthenium‐based ammonia oxidation catalysts.
Nanocatalysts in Biodiesel Production: Advancements, Challenges, and Sustainable Solutions
Authors: Damian Christopher Selvam , Devarajan Yuvarajan , J Ravikumar , T Raja
Published: February 2025

The application of nanocatalysts for the conversion of crude oil into biodiesel represents a promising strategy to mitigate environmental issues and diminish dependence on fossil fuels. This review scrutinizes contemporary developments in nanocatalyst technology pertaining to biodiesel synthesis, emphasizing the effectiveness, specificity, and ecological sustainability of various nanocatalysts, which include metal oxides, magnetic solid catalysts, and an array of other nanostructured materials. These catalysts have exhibited substantial potential in augmenting the efficiency and selectivity of biodiesel production, attributable to their enhanced catalytic performance, extensive surface area, and resilience to saponification, rendering them appropriate for diverse feedstocks such as recycled oils, animal fats, and plant oils. Notwithstanding the obstacles associated with production costs and recycling procedures, recent progress in economically viable manufacturing techniques and sustainable recovery methods, including magnetic separation approaches, offers significant promise. A thorough lifecycle assessment (LCA) remains imperative to appraise the environmental and economic viability of employing nanocatalysts, taking into account parameters, such as raw material acquisition, energy utilization, and waste generation. The review accentuates the superior efficacy of nanocatalysts in comparison to traditional heterogeneous catalysts, underscoring their capacity to expedite biodiesel synthesis and facilitate a transition toward a more environmentally sustainable energy paradigm.
Dose‐Optimization of a Novel Co‐Formulated Triple Combination Antimalarial Therapy: Artemether‐Lumefantrine‐Amodiaquine
Authors: Tarning Joel , White Nicholas J. , Dondorp Arjen M.
Published: February 2025

Artemisinin‐based combination therapy (ACT) is the first‐line therapy for uncomplicated falciparum malaria, but artemisinin resistance in Asia and now sub‐Saharan Africa is threatening our ability to control and eliminate malaria. Triple‐ACTs have emerged as a viable alternative treatment to combat declining ACT efficacy due to drug‐resistant malaria. In this study, we developed and evaluated an optimal fixed‐dose regimen of artemether‐lumefantrine‐amodiaquine through population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation. Three published population‐based pharmacometric models and two large cohorts of observed adult subjects and pediatric malaria patients were used to simulate pharmacokinetic profiles of different dosing strategies. Based on simulated total exposure and peak concentrations, an optimal dose regimen was developed resulting in an extension of the current 4 weight bands to a total of 5 weight bands to generate equivalent exposures in all body weight groups and minimize the fluctuation in exposure between patients. The proposed drug‐to‐drug ratio of artemether‐lumefantrine‐amodiaquine (20:120:40 mg) was kept constant throughout the dosing bands in order to simplify manufacturing, implementation, and further development of a fixed‐dose co‐formulated product.
Correlation Between Triglyceride‐Glucose Index and Microvascular Complications in Patients With Early‐ Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ran Liu , Han Yang , Zhaohu Hao , Hailin Shao
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to explore the potential correlation between the triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index and diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with early‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design

This cross‐sectional study statistically analysed TyG index levels across DN and DR stages in patients with early‐onset and non‐early‐onset T2DM.

Patients

A total of 1530 T2DM patients were enrolled between January 2017 and August 2023 at Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital in Tianjin.

Measurements

Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the association between the TyG index and microvascular complications. Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox regression analyses were employed to evaluate the effects of the TyG index on DN incidence. TyG index's diagnostic ability for DN was explored using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

In patients with early‐onset T2DM, the TyG index gradually decreased with DR aggravation and gradually increased with DN aggravation, showing a negative correlation with DR and a positive correlation with DN in patients with early‐onset T2DM; logistic regression analysis suggested that the TyG index was an independent risk factor for DN (OR = 1.623, 95% CI = 1.175–2.242). The Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier plots suggested that higher TyG was associated with an earlier incidence of DN in patients with early‐onset T2DM.

Conclusion

In patients with early‐onset T2DM, the TyG index could be used to evaluate the risk of microvascular complications, with elevated TyG levels potentially indicating high risk of insulin– resistance related renal injury.
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals Through the Governance of Local Food Systems in Western Countries: A Realist Synthesis
Authors: Guillaumie Laurence , Kamgang Samuel Éric , Brotherton Marie‐Christine , Boiral Olivier
Published: February 2025

Over the last decade, various studies have focused on the functioning of local food policy councils and their key role in institutionalizing participatory governance mechanisms involving stakeholders concerned with the promotion of sustainable food systems. Nevertheless, the literature remains scattered, inconclusive, and mostly dissociated from the sustainable development goals (SDGs), which are increasingly used by organizations and government agencies alike. Based on a systematic analysis of 99 academic articles, this realist synthesis sheds light on sustainability outcomes and key success factors of local food system governance. Findings show that local food systems can play a significant role in achieving sustainability, although the coverage of the SDGs remains very uneven across the objectives considered. The study also shows the key role of several collaborative governance principles—including broad participation, facilitative leadership, and consensus‐building—in the success of these systems. Contributions to the literature and managerial implications are discussed.
Laser‐Activated Irrigation via Photon‐Induced Photoacoustic Streaming and Shock Wave Enhanced Emission on Smear Layer Removal Efficacy, Pushout Bond Strength, and Sealer Adaptation: A SEM Assessment
Authors: Almutairi Basil , Alkhudhairy Fahad
Published: February 2025

The study aims to assess the effectiveness of four different root canal disinfection techniques: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), photon induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), and shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) on the smear layer (SL) removal, pushout bond strength (PBS) and sealer adaptation to the radicular dentin. Root canal treatment of 64 human mandibular premolars was initiated. Disinfection was performed. Group 1 (2.5% NaOCl (SI) + EDTA), Group 2 (2.5% NaOCl (PUI) + EDTA), Group 3 (2.5% NaOCl (PIPS) + EDTA), and Group 4 (2.5%NaOCl (SWEEP) + EDTA). This was followed by obturation and sectioning at three different thirds of the canal. Universal testing machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope assessed the PBS and failure mode. Residual SL and sealer dentin interface were assessed via SEM. To compare the mean scores among tested groups, one‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test were applied (p < 0.05) The lowest residual SL (1.22 ± 0.11) and highest PBS (11.27 ± 0.09 MPa) were observed in the cervical third of Group 3 (2.5% NaOCl + PIPS). However, the highest remaining SL (2.51 ± 0.08) and lowest bond strength (8.11 ± 0.12 MPa) were observed in the apical third of Group 1 (2.5% NaOCl + SI) Laser‐activated irrigation (PIPS, SWEEPS) presents a promising approach for improving the efficacy of SL removal and enhancing the adhesion and bond strength of root canal sealers to root dentin.
Low‐Strip Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty Opens the Internal Nasal Valve in Tension Nose Deformity
Authors: van Zijl Floris V.W.J. , van der Eerden Anke W. , Stubos Melania , Booij Ronald , Theeuwes Hilco P. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Datema Frank R.
Published: February 2025

Background

Dorsal preservation is a recently popularized technique to lower the nasal dorsum without opening the cartilaginous vault. Improved nasal breathing has been reported after lowering an intact dorsum using preservation techniques, suggesting that septal deprojection opens the internal nasal valves. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of dorsal preservation on internal nasal valve dimensions in noses with an overprojected cartilaginous septum.

Methods

Ten postmortem human specimen heads with a tension nose deformity were imaged using ultra‐high‐resolution photon‐counting detector computed tomography, after which a low‐strip let‐down technique was performed on each specimen. Following dorsal lowering, scans were repeated and internal nasal valve angle and area of pre‐ and postoperative scans were measured by three assessors. Differences in pre‐ and postoperative measurements were assessed using a linear mixed‐effects model.

Results

A significant increase in both internal nasal valve angle (4.28 degrees, 95% CI: 3.11–5.46) and area (8.86 mm2, 95% CI: 7.11–10.61) was demonstrated after dorsal lowering. Interrater reliability among the three assessors was high, with ICCs ranging from 0.839 to 0.985.

Conclusions

This study provides morphological evidence that the internal nasal valve widens after mobilizing the dorsum and lowering the septum, without alterations to the cartilaginous vault itself. Although these results suggest that low‐strip dorsal preservation may be effective in treating the functionally impaired tension nose, clinical studies are necessary to substantiate these findings in live tissue.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2025
Micro‐LED Retinal Projection for Augmented Reality Near‐Eye Displays
Authors: Jin Huajian , Lin Zijian , Lai Wenzong , Jiang Haonan , Cai Junhu , Chen Hao , Hao Weijie , Ye Yun , Xu Sheng , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang , Chen Enguo
Published: February 2025

Retinal projection display enables the direct projection of virtual images onto the retina through the pupil center via a projection engine, showing promise in addressing the vergence‐accommodation conflict in augmented reality near‐eye displays. However, existing RPD architectures universally employ passive luminous micro‐electromechanical systems or spatial light modulators, encountering challenges associated with beam aperture limitations and structural inflexibility. In response to these, this paper presents a novel micro‐LED retinal projection display architecture that integrates the active luminous full‐color micro‐LEDs with a pixel‐to‐pixel imaging fiber bundle, effectively subverting conventional RPD designs. Additionally, the flexible fiber bundle brings an adaptable design that enables optoelectronic separation capabilities. The design principles and feasibility are thoroughly described and validated through simulations and experiments. A full‐color µRPD prototype is developed, demonstrating sharp imaging across an extensive focal depth range. Remarkably, the µRPD architecture exhibits a groundbreaking advancement in enabling underwater AR displays without necessitating special waterproof treatments, underscoring its potential versatility and adaptability to challenging environments. This design paves a new way for practical applications of NEDs in complex and demanding conditions, thereby contributing to the evolution of NED systems.
Optimization of Microwave Dielectric Properties of (100‐X)BaBi4Ti4O15 – (X)Nb2O5 Composites for Microwave
Authors: M. O. Silva Paulo , F. Abreu Roterdan , E. A. Nogueira Francisco , P. C. do Nascimento João , B. Freitas Daniel , F. do Carmo Francisco , A. S. Silva Marcelo , A. Cruz José , R. Pezarini Rogério , Manuel R. S. Tavares João , S. B. Sombra Antônio
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on experimental investigations and numerical simulations of microwave dielectric properties and dielectric resonator antenna behavior based on the BaBi4Ti4O15 ceramic matrix. BaBi4Ti4O15 is doped with niobium oxide (Nb2O5) in proportions of 2, 5, and 10%. The ceramic is obtained through the solid‐state reaction method. The resulting structures and dielectric properties of the samples are analyzed using powder X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to examine the crystalline phases present in the ceramics. The Hakki–Coleman method is used to clarify the properties of permittivity and dielectric loss. The temperature coefficients of the resonant frequency (τf) range from –396.95 to –181.44 ppm °C−1. Experimental measurements of the dielectric resonators, serving as antennas, yielded results such as reflection coefficient, gain, efficiency, bandwidth, and input impedance. The simulations aligned well with experimental results, suggesting the potential application of this material as an antenna device in the microwave spectrum.
Self‐Triggered Model Predictive Control for Interval Type‐2 T‐S Fuzzy Systems: A Co‐Design Approach
Authors: Dong Yuying , Song Yan , Yuan Yuan , Luo Jiliang , Yuan Huanhuan
Published: February 2025

In this article, the fuzzy model predictive control (FMPC) problem is investigated for a class of non‐linear systems in an interval type‐2 Takagi–Sugeno (IT2 T‐S) fuzzy form subject to hard constraints. To save transmission energy and reduce the calculation burden, a self‐triggering scheme is incorporated into the FMPC strategy, which gives rise to the so‐called self‐triggered FMPC strategy. Based on the characteristics of the self‐triggered FMPC strategy, the self‐triggering instants rather than sampling instants are employed to construct the corresponding quadratic function and time‐varying terminal constraint‐like (TC‐like) set. Then, to maximize triggering intervals and minimize the cost function, the fuzzy property and the self‐triggering instants are fully considered to formulate a “min‐max” problem over the infinite‐time horizon, through which the feedback gain and next triggering instant are co‐designed. Furthermore, the difference between the proposed quadratic functions of adjacent self‐triggering instants is established, which contributes greatly to finding a certain upper bound of the objective function over the infinite‐time horizon. Moreover, certain auxiliary optimization problems are developed for solvability and sufficient conditions are provided to ensure the asymptotic stability of the underlying IT2 T‐S fuzzy system. Finally, two simulation examples are utilized to illustrate the validity of the proposed self‐triggered IT2 T‐S FMPC strategy.
Ultrathin Azine Covalent Organic Framework Membrane for Highly‐Efficient Nanofluidic Osmotic Energy Generator
Authors: Wen He , Wang Jing , Dai Ziwen , Liu Xing , Liang Sha , Xu Fang , Hu Zhen , Yang Zhao , Jin Pengrui , Yang Jiakuan , Van der Bruggen Bart , Yuan Shushan
Published: February 2025

Charged covalent organic framework (COF) membranes have gained wide interest as the key component in the reverse electrodialysis technique to harness salinity energy. However, maintaining rapid ion transport and high selectivity in a Ca2+‐rich environment remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a highly cation‐conductive azine COF membrane is synthesized via a layer‐by‐layer chemical reaction between 2,4‐dihydroxy‐1,3,5‐diphenyltrialdehyde (DHTA) and hydrazine hydrate (HZ). The osmotic energy generator based on this membrane delivers a high power density of 17.8 W m−2 under 2.5 M/0.05 M CaCl2, outperforming the TFP‐HZ membrane (3.2 W m−2), commercial benchmark (5 W m−2), and other literature reported membranes owing to the simultaneous modulation of charges in angstrom scale channels and selective layer thickness. Moreover, this osmotic power density is comparable to that in a NaCl gradient (2.5 M/0.05 M, 16.9 W m−2), which is rare. These results indicate that the DHTA‐HZ membrane is highly suitable for application in hypersaline environments containing Ca2+, serving as an inspiration for the development of COF‐based nanofluidic membranes with high power output efficiency in a practical high‐salinity environment.
High radiation dose in chemoradiotherapy followed by immunotherapy with durvalumab in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer does not increase risk for pneumonitis
Authors: Schragel Felix , Matousek Melanie , Resl Christoph , Kreye Gudrun , Le Nguyen-Son , Errhalt Peter , Georg Petra , Hackner Klaus
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Consolidation immunotherapy with immune checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Durvalumab is an effective treatment for inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with a PD-L1 expression ≥ 1% after definitive curative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). While this approach is widely used as standard therapy, it carries an increased risk of immune-related and radiation-induced pneumonitis. Currently, there is no data on pneumonitis in patients receiving CCRT with an overall dose of 70 Gy (Gy) compared with the standard protocol of 60 Gy ± 10% in this setting.

Methods

This study analyzed retrospective data from 39 patients with unresectable NSCLC treated with CCRT. Patients received either 70 Gy (n = 29) or lower than 70 Gy total dose (n = 10) in 2 Gy fractions. Cases of pneumonitis were further classified as RI‑P (Radio-induced Pneumonitis) and ICI‑P (ICI Pneumonitis) based on clinical and radiological findings.

Results

Of the 39 patients, 15 (38.5%) developed pneumonitis, with 10 out of 29 (34.5%) in the 70 Gy group and five out 10 (50%) in the < 70 Gy group. There was no significant difference in pneumonitis and in occurrence of ICI‑P vs. RI‑P (26.7% vs. 73.3%) within both groups. The 70 Gy group showed a significant benefit in mortality (p = < 0.001). Overall survival (OS) differed significantly between groups (p =0.028).

Conclusions

70 Gy radiation dose for CCRT followed by durvalumab is a safe regimen and may provide clinical benefits in NSCLC patients compared to lower doses. Pneumonitis incidence aligns with previous literature. The higher dose is associated with improved overall survival, and reduced disease progression, potentially due to a longer consolidation time.
Benefits of refined 10-day effective angular momentum forecasts for earth rotation parameter prediction
Authors: Dill R. , Stumpe L. , Saynisch-Wagner J. , Thomas M. , Dobslaw H.
Published: February 2025

Effective angular momentum (EAM) forecasts are widely used as an important input for predicting both polar motion and dUT1. So far, model predictions for atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial hydrosphere utilized in Earth rotation research reach only 6-days into the future. GFZ’s oceanic and land-surface model forecasts are forced with operational 6-day high-resolution deterministic numerical weather predictions provided by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts. Those atmospheric forecasts extend also further into the future with a reduced sampling rate of just 6 h but the prediction skill decreases rapidly after roughly one week. To decide about publishing 10-day instead of 6-day model-based EAM forecasts, we generated a test set of 454 individual 10-day forecasts and used it with GFZ’s EAM Predictor method to calculate Earth rotation predictions. Using 10-day instead of 6-day EAM forecasts leads to slight improvements in y-pole and dUT1 predictions for 10 to 30 days ahead. By introducing additional neural network models trained on the errors of the EAM forecasts when compared to their subsequently available analysis runs, Earth rotation prediction can be enhanced even further. A reduction of the mean absolute errors for polar motion and length-of-day prediction at a forecast horizon of 10 days of 26.8% in x-pole, 15.5% in y-pole, 27.6% in dUT1, and 47.1% in

$$\Delta $$

Δ

LOD is achieved. This test application successfully demonstrates the potential of the extended EAM forecasts for Earth rotation prediction although the success rate has to be further improved to arrive at robust routine predictions. GFZ publishes from October 2024 onwards raw uncorrected 10-day instead of 6-day EAM forecasts at www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/esmdata for the individual contributions of atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial hydrosphere. Users interested in the summarized effect of all subsystems are advised to use the 90-day combined EAM forecast product that also makes use of the presented corrections to the EAM forecasts.
Next-generation nephrology: part 1—an aid for genetic and genomic testing in pediatric nephrology
Authors: Gupta Asheeta , Jayasinghe Kushani , Majmundar Amar , Mann Nina , Sinha Rajiv , Sampson Matthew G. , Quinlan Catherine
Published: February 2025

Genetic and genomic testing has transformed the practice of clinical nephrology. Yet nephrologists have identified genetic literacy and access to kidney genetic care models as critical barriers to utilising this technology in their practice. To accelerate the implementation of genomic medicine in clinical nephrology, we provide a two-part evidence-based educational review. This inaugural segment highlights the importance of genomic testing for kidney disease and the steps a nephrologist can take to understand and apply this technology to one’s own clinical practice. The second part delineates approaches to operationalising a kidney genetics service based on existing models, reported barriers, and the authors’ experiences in developing kidney clinic models for different settings.

Graphical Abstract
Forty years of the theory of planned behavior: a bibliometric analysis (1985–2024)
Authors: Naskar Shankar T. , Lindahl Jose Maria Merigo
Published: February 2025

The goal of the study is a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the literature and research landscape of the TPB between 1985–2024. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric study of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) literature over the past forty years (1985–2024), analyzing 14,461 articles and 542,479 citations published in the Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing performance analysis and science mapping techniques, the study leverages bibliographic coupling, co-citation, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and a temporal assessment of the field across six distinct periods (1985–1999; 2000–2004, 2005–2009; 2010–2014; 2015–2019; and 2020–2024). Employing VOS Viewer software for visualization, this research maps the evolution, intellectual structure, and networks of relationships in the TPB field for the first time. The results highlight significant patterns and interdisciplinary connections, identifying the most influential publications, authors, journals, and institutions. A distinguishing feature of the study is the identification of thematic clusters based on multiple criteria and a triangulation analysis of these clusters. Additionally, the study investigates the most influential articles within the six periods and provides an evolutionary phase-wise analysis of TPB. Another highlight is the detailed guidance on future research avenues, which are actionable and based on a rigorous assessment of the most cited articles from 2020 to 2024. The study makes a significant contribution to the ongoing research conversations on the trajectory and growth of TPB across various disciplines.
Music guided SVD method for the detection of vital signs with SFCW radar
Authors: Yılmaz Barış , Erer Işın , Öz Fikriye , Baykut Süleyman
Published: February 2025

The detection of vital signs in complex environments using radar has a wide range of applications, from search and rescue to military purposes. Life detection can be achieved by detecting vital signs such as heartbeat, breathing, and movements of body parts. Because of the complex nature of the rubble environments, radar data contain clutter and noise that makes it difficult to detect signals with low amplitude levels, especially respiratory movements arised from breathing. In this study, data were collected with Stepped-Frequency Continuous Waveform (SFCW) radar for five scenarios in different environments. The method presented was used to determine whether living beings were in the environment. The data containing only vital signs was reconstructed using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and the range profile was obtained using the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. The range profiles of both the raw data and the data reconstructed with SVD were used to make the detections. The detections on the obtained range profile were later re-examined using Singular Spectrum Analysis to further reduce the false alarm rate. As a result of this process, data taken from different environments have shown that a decision can be made as to whether there is a vital sign in the environment.
The Gut Microbiome and Colorectal Cancer: An Integrative Review of the Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Karam Farah , El Deghel Yara , Iratni Rabah , Dakroub Ali H. , Eid Ali H.
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. While the incidence and mortality of CRC have decreased overall due to better screening, rates in adults under 50 have risen. CRC can manifest as inherited syndromes (10%), familial clustering (20%), or sporadic forms (70%). The gut microbiota, comprising mainly firmicutes and bacteroidetes, play a key role in CRC development and prevention. Indeed, CRC progression is influenced by the dynamic interaction between the gut microbiota, the intestinal barrier, the immune system, and the production of short-chain fatty acids. Not surprisingly, imbalance in the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to CRC due to ensuing chronic inflammation, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. This may explain the notion that probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation offer potential strategies for CRC prevention and treatment by restoring microbial balance and enhancing anti-cancer immune responses. This review appraises the roles of gut microbiota in promoting or preventing CRC. It also discusses the mechanistic interplay between microbiota composition, the intestinal barrier, and the immune system, with the hope of developing potential therapeutic strategies.

Graphical Abstract
Upper Extremity and Musculoskeletal Injuries Related to Videogame and Augmented Reality Game Usage: A Narrative Review Article
Authors: Belyea Christopher M. , Rummel Gregory , Lanham Nathan , Krul Kevin P.
Published: February 2025

Purpose of Review

Since the introduction of videogames and augmented reality technology, injuries associated with e sports have garnered increased attention from researchers and healthcare professionals. This review articles examines the spectrum of injuries associated with videogames and augmented reality and describes the nuances of the diagnoses associated with gaming injuries.

Recent Findings

Videogames changed architecture from a sedentary style of playing to a more interactive console with the introduction of technologies such as the Wii or Pokémon Go. This new style of gaming increased the range of musculoskeletal injuries to include lower energy injuries and more severe high energy trauma because of the introduction of mobility causing distraction and a neglect for safety.

The previous sedentary nature of gaming lends itself to prolonged periods of static posture contributing to long-term effects and potential health implications in the future. This review article presents current literature on the specific injury types and increasing need for awareness of videogame-related injuries to further highlight preventative measures needed to mitigate injury risk and promote healthy gaming habits and ergonomic awareness.
Some New Hardy-Type Inequalities with Negative Parameters on Time Scales
Authors: Bohner Martin , Jadlovská Irena , Saied Ahmed I.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present new Hardy-type inequalities with negative parameters on a time scale 

$${\mathbb {T}}$$

T

. The adopted approach draws upon the use of a reversed Hölder dynamic inequality, a chain rule, and the integration by parts rule on time scales. In the continuous case, our results contain integral inequalities due to Benaissa and Budak, while in the discrete case, the obtained inequalities are essentially new. Additionally, we demonstrate the applicability of our results in the quantum case.
Robotgeassisteerde chirurgie: wat zijn de implicaties voor het milieu?
Authors: Jansen Sanne L. , Willemse Peter-Paul M. , Ruurda Jelle P.
Published: February 2025

Samenvatting

Robotgeassisteerde chirurgie heeft een vaste plek binnen de urologische praktijk. Met het tekenen van de Green Deal Zorg 3.0 is het relevant om de milieu-impact van deze behandelingen te onderzoeken. Over de impact van urologische ingrepen is nog weinig bekend. Voor de robotgeassisteerde hysterectomie geldt dat de totale intra-operatieve uitstoot van broeikasgassen (GHG) bijna driemaal zo hoog is als bij de open abdominale benadering. De grootste bijdrage wordt geleverd door de productie, het transport, het gebruik en de verwerking van single-use instrumenten. Peroperatief gebruik van energie draagt maar een fractie bij. Deze hoge intra-operatieve milieu-impact wordt mogelijk gecompenseerd door een kortere opnameduur en minder complicaties. Dit lijkt bij de prostatectomie te kloppen, maar bij de cystectomie waarschijnlijk niet. De huidige adviezen voor zorgprofessionals zijn vooral het kritisch omgaan met single-use materialen en het optimaliseren van perioperatieve zorg.
Transmissibility-based methods for damage identification on a railway bogie frame
Authors: Pagaimo J. , Millan P. , Costa J. N. , Maia N. M. M. , Ambrósio J.
Published: February 2025

The bogie frame is a safety–critical component of modern railway vehicles. Consequently, railway companies periodically inspect the bogie frame to guarantee a timely damage detection. Current inspection strategies could benefit from condition monitoring during the operation using adequate sensor systems and algorithms. However, the application of methods for damage detection using the bogie frame response is still limited. This work aims to identify the sensitivity of two complementary methods based on the transmissibilities—an updated form of the transmissibility damage indicator (TDI) method and the maximum occurrences (MO) method—to detect and locate structural damage. This analysis is supported by flexible multibody simulations that provide the nominal and abnormal response of a locomotive in realistic operational conditions. This work first assesses the effect of differences in track inputs on the sensitivity of the TDI method. Both the length of acceleration signals and the number and location of sensors are analyzed, from the perspective of the damage detection capacity. The results show that the TDI method successfully detects cracks with a moderate-to-large dimension, while the MO method identifies the region where those cracks occur. The transmissibility-based methods are a reliable technique that may contribute to enhance the inspection of railway vehicles.
TSQ: An Optimized Framework for Efficiently Answering Time Series Queries
Authors: Pu Feifan , Xu Jianqiu
Published: February 2025

Time series data are pervasive, with a multitude of applications across various fields including science, industry, Entertainment, medicine, and biology. These data sets often encompass large volumes of information. In the context of databases containing time series data, the increasing frequency of query tasks, such as (i) point queries, (ii) range queries, and (iii) top-k similarity queries, necessitates the enhancement of query processing efficiency. The question thus arises: how can the efficiency of these data processing tasks be enhanced? The solution is twofold. Firstly, dimensionality reduction algorithms can be employed to reduce the complexity of the data. Secondly, we can focus on the optimization of query algorithms. Consequently, based on these ideas, in this paper, we present an optimized framework for efficiently executing time series queries in the openGauss database, called TSQ. The framework is composed of two primary components: a dimensionality reduction (DR) module and a similarity query (SQ) module. The DR module incorporates several algorithms based on space-filling curves, which, through our enhancements, are capable of handling both high and low precision time series data more effectively. In the context of the SQ module, we employ two main optimization strategies, Early Abandoning and Sliding Window, to greatly improve the efficiency of similarity queries. Experimental results on four real-world time series datasets show that our framework not only optimizes general query tasks but also significantly enhances the efficiency of similarity queries.
From financial inclusion to indebtedness: How FinTech transforms credit access and household financial practices in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Altaytas Kubra M.
Published: February 2025

Amidst the global ascent of financial technologies (FinTech), Argentina presents a critical case for examining how these platforms shape debt relations among marginalized households. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this article draws on quantitative data from the Central Bank of the Republic of Argentina and the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, alongside qualitative findings from a case study conducted in Buenos Aires’ largest slum. The article conceptualizes FinTech as an integral part of the lower tiers of the credit market, functioning as a mechanism for extending debt. The findings reveal that FinTech platforms do not displace existing credit sources but instead operate alongside them, providing new channels for debt that deepen financial dependence. FinTech’s role in marginalized communities, therefore, is less about banking the unbanked and more about reconfiguring access to unsecured debt, allowing for immediate consumption amidst financial instability. The article in this way contributes to the literature on FinTech by offering an understanding of FinTech’s embeddedness in everyday financial practices, showing how marginalized users engage with FinTech as a tactical response to their socio-economic conditions, exercising agency within constrained circumstances shaped by debt and financial precarity.