bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total‐evidence phylogeny of the owlflies (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae) supports a new higher‐level classification
Authors: Jones Joshua R.
Published: October 2019

The first large‐scale, total‐evidence phylogeny of the owlflies (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae) is presented. A combined morphological and molecular dataset was analysed under several analytical regimes for 76 exemplars of Myrmeleontiformia (Psychopsidae, Nymphidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae), including 57 of Ascalaphidae. At the subordinal level, the families were recovered in all analyses in the form Psychopsidae + (Nymphidae + (Nemopteridae + (Myrmeleontidae + Ascalaphidae). In the DNA‐only maximum‐likelihood analysis, Ascalaphidae were recovered as paraphyletic with respect to the Myrmeleontidae and the tribe Ululodini. In both the parsimony and Bayesian total‐evidence analyses, however, the latter with strong support, traditional Ascalaphidae were recovered as monophyletic, and in the latter, Stilbopteryginae were placed as the immediate sister group. The long‐standing subfamilies Haplogleniinae and Ascalaphinae were not recovered as monophyletic in any analysis, nor were several of the included tribes of non‐ululodine Ascalaphinae. The Ululodini were monophyletic and well supported in all analyses, as were the New World Haplogleniinae and, separately, the African/Malagasy Haplogleniinae. The remaining Ascalaphidae, collectively, were also consistently cohesive, but included a genus that until now has been placed in the Haplogleniinae, Protidricerus. Protidricerus was discovered to express a well‐developed pleurostoma, a feature previously only encountered in divided‐eye owlflies. The feature traditionally used to differentiate the Haplogleniinae and Ascalaphinae, the entire or divided eye, can no longer be regarded as a spot‐diagnostic synapomorphy to separate these groups within the family. A new subfamilial classification based on these results is proposed and includes the following five subfamilies: Albardiinae, Ululodinae, Haplogleniinae, Melambrotinae and Ascalaphinae. In addition, the monophyletic containing group (Myrmeleontidae + (Palparidae + (Stilbopterygidae + Ascalaphidae))) is elevated to the rank of superfamily, as Myrmeleontoidea, in order to accommodate much‐needed taxonomic and nomenclatural restructuring anticipated to occur within the Ascalaphidae in the future. A list of genera included in each subfamily of Ascalaphidae is provided.
Endophytic pestalotiod taxa in Dendrobium orchids
Authors: MA XIAO-YA , MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA SAJEEWA S.N. , CHEN BAO-WEN , HYDE KEVIN D. , MCKENZIE ERIC H.C. , CHOMNUNTI PUTARAK , KANG JI-CHUAN
Published: October 2019

Pestalotiod taxa commonly occur in plants as endophytes, pathogens or saprobes. Endophytic Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis species were isolated from Dendrobium cariniferum, D. loddigesii and two unidentified orchid species sampled in southwestern China and northern Thailand. Morphological and molecular comparison identified the isolates as two new species; Neopestalotiopsis dendrobii, and Pestalotiopsis doitungensis; two existing species P. lushanensis and P. trachicarpicola. This is the first report of Neopestalotiopsis isolated from the orchid genus Dendrobium and is the first report of pestalotiod fungi in D. careniferum. Pestalotiopsis lushanensis and P. trachicarpicola are new recorded fungal endophytes in Dendrobium orchids.
Where do patients with MRI-confirmed single-level radiculopathy experience pain, and what is the clinical interpretability of these pain patterns? A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Albert Hanne B. , Hansen Jeanette Kaae , Søgaard Helle , Kent Peter
Published: October 2019

Background

Clinicians nominate the distribution of leg pain as being important in diagnosing nerve root involvement. This study aimed to identify: (i) common unisegmental radicular pain patterns and whether they were dermatomal, and (ii) whether these radicular pain patterns assisted clinician discrimination of the nerve root level involved.

Methods

A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study of adult patients with radicular leg pain at a hospital in Denmark. All patients had positive neurological signs (average 2.8 signs - hypoalgesia, diminished reflexes, muscle weakness, positive Straight Leg Raise test).

Part 1 (pain patterns) was a secondary analysis of baseline pain pattern data collected during a clinical trial. The pain charts of 93 patients with an MRI and clinically confirmed single-level disc herniation with nerve root compression were digitised and layered to form a composite picture of the radicular patterns for the L5 and S1 nerve roots, which were then compared to published dermatomes.

In Part 2 (clinical utility) we prospectively measured the discriminative ability of the identified pain patterns. The accuracy was calculated of three groups of six clinicians at classifying the nerve root affected in a randomized sequence of 53 patients, when not shown, briefly shown or continuously shown the composite pain patterns. In each group were two chiropractors, two medical doctors and two physiotherapists.

Results

There was a wide overlap in pain patterns from compromised L5 and S1 nerve roots but some distinguishing features. These pain patterns had approximately 50 to 80% overlap with published dermatomes. Clinicians were unable to determine with any accuracy above chance whether an individual pain drawing was from a person with a compromised L5 or S1 nerve root, and use of the composite pain drawings did not improve that accuracy.

Conclusions

While pain distribution may be an indication of radiculopathy, pain patterns from L5 or S1 nerve root compression only approximated those of sensory dermatomes, and level-specific knowledge about radicular pain patterns did not assist clinicians’ diagnostic accuracy of the nerve root impinged. These results indicate that, on their own, pain patterns provide very limited additional diagnostic information about which individual nerve root is affected.
Correlates of stunting among under-five children in Bangladesh: a multilevel approach
Authors: Sultana Papia , Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Akter Jahanara
Published: October 2019

Background

Child malnutrition still remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. This study aims to determine the prevalence and identify the associated risk factors of child malnutrition in Bangladesh using multilevel logistic regression model on data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2014.

Methods

A total sample of 6965 children aged 0–59 months was extracted from BDHS 2014. We performed descriptive analysis and multilevel generalized linear regression analysis with clustered data structure.

Results

Our findings show that among children the prevalence of moderate and severe values was respectively: 25 and 12% for stunting; 11 and 3.1% for wasting; 25 and 7.9% for underweight. The probability of stunting increased with age, with highest rate among children aged 36–47 months, which was significantly higher than children aged less than 6 months (OR = 6.71, 95% CI = 4.46, 10.10). Female children are found to be 11% less likely to be stunted than male children (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.78, 1.02). Children with birth interval less than 24 months were significantly more likely to be stunted than children of first birth by 36% (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.67). Mothers with a normal BMI were 16% less likely to have children with stunting compared to mothers who are underweight (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76, 0.93). Other factors which were associated with a higher risk of stunting included parents with lower educational levels, children from the poorest wealth index, and mothers aged less than 20 years as first birth.

Conclusion

Government and non-government organization should generate effective program to aware women of reproductive age about adverse effect of short birth interval, and to aware parents about standard height and weight according to age and gender of children. Overall, necessary steps may be taken to make people educated and to reduce household wealth inequality to improve nutritional status of children.
Diffuse uveitis and chorioretinal changes after yellow fever vaccination: a re-emerging epidemic
Authors: Marinho Paula M. , Nascimento Heloisa , Romano Andre , Muccioli Cristina , Belfort Rubens
Published: October 2019

Background

With increasing incidence of yellow fever, mass campaign vaccinations are underway and little ophthalmological alterations have been reported in literature, specially regarding non-combined vaccines.

Case presentation

We report the case of a patient with no previous ocular or systemic diseases whom received a single dose of yellow fever vaccination and developed haematological, hepatic and renal alterations progressing with a later onset bilateral asymmetric diffuse uveitis. Ophthalmological findings included fine keratic precipitates scattered throughout the cornea and mild vitritis. Multimodal evaluation showed subtle puntiform choriocapillaris changes with decreased vascular density associated. The patient had a good visual outcome after mild oral prednisone dose, but the image findings have not presented remission.

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware of clinical and subclinical ocular manifestations such as subtle puntiform choriocapillaris changes as possible vaccine-related adverse events with potential to impact vision.
Factors associated with irritable bowel syndrome among medical students at Ain Shams University
Authors: Elhosseiny Doaa , Mahmoud Nehal Elfawy , Manzour Ayat F.
Published: October 2019

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common and potentially disabling gastrointestinal disorders. The pathogenesis of this disorder remains obscure. However, many etiological explanations point toward bacterial etiology. Also, several studies have documented that psychological and social factors may play a role. Medical education is among the most challenging and stressful education, and this may predispose to high rates of IBS.

Objectives

The aims of this study are to estimate the frequency of IBS in a selected sample of students of Faculty of Medicine in Ain Shams University and to find out the determinants associated with this disorder.

Study design

A cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students from October 2017 to February 2018 at Faculty of Medicine—Ain Shams University. All participants were asked to complete a confidential self-administered questionnaire. An interview questionnaire was used for diagnosis of IBS according to Rome III criteria, while morbid anxiety and depression were diagnosed by using the Arabic version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Results

Three hundred eighty-two students completed the questionnaire. The frequency of IBS was 31.7% with higher proportion among females and among students with positive family history of IBS. However, IBS was significantly less prevalent among students practicing regular exercise. Lastly, based on (HADS), there was a statistical significant relationship between IBS and anxiety (p < 0.05), but not depression.

Conclusion

The study revealed that around 31% of the studied group was suffering from IBS. Female gender, suffering from anxiety, and positive family history of IBS were the main associated factors for IBS. Screening of all medical students in the faculty for IBS is suggested. Providing psychological and emotional support along with stress management is highly recommended.
Efficacy of probiotic in perennial allergic rhinitis under five year children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ahmed Mubashir , Billoo Abdul Gaffar , Iqbal Khalid
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine the efficacy of probiotic (Lactobacillus Paracasei, LP-33) and compare it with cetirizine for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis in under five year’s children.

Methods: The randomised clinical trial was conducted at Kharadar General Hospital, Karachi, from Dec 2016 to Nov 2017. Children aged 6 to 60 months, clinically presented with allergic rhinitis were included in the study. Total 212 children, randomized into intervention group A (received probiotic LP-33) and control group B (received cetirizine) for six weeks, were included in the analysis. Baseline allergic rhinitis symptoms (rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal blocking, coughing, feeding & sleeping difficulties) were assessed after two and six weeks follow up and correlated both groups by using Pearson chi-square test. A p value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: Total 212 children were analysed, out of them 113 (53.3%) were male. Mean age of study participant was 26 ± 16.64 months and mean body weight was 10.1 ± 3.26 Kg. More than 95% cases have shown significant improvement in their baseline symptoms (rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal blocking, coughing, feeding difficulties and sleeping difficulties) in both intervention (L-33 Probiotic) and control (Cetirizine) groups. Statistically there was no difference in effectiveness of probiotic and cetirizine treatment for perennial allergic rhinitis (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: Probiotic (LP-33) was equally effective as cetirizine in under five year’s children for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. Probiotic has additional benefit to treat allergic rhinitis without causing any major side effect in children reported by the study.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.744

How to cite this:Ahmed M, Billoo AG, Iqbal K. Efficacy of probiotic in perennial allergic rhinitis under five year children: A randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1538-1543. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.744

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Novel 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives: synthesis and evaluation of its antibacterial and antioxidant activities
Authors: El Ouasif Latifa , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Zniber Rachid , El Ghoul Mostafa , Achour Redouane , Chakchak Hind , Talbaoui Ahmed , El Boury Houria , Dakka Nadia , Bakri Youssef
Published: October 2019

In the present study, a series of novel 2-mercapto-benzimidazolium were synthesized from 2-mercapto-benzimidazole with hydrocarbon chains. All compounds obtained are reported for the first time, and the structures of these compounds were confirmed by means of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. The newly synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro biological evaluation. The antibacterial activity was evaluated will diffusion assay and density optic method. The antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The result indicated that some compounds show convincing antibacterial activities against two microorganisms: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. While, these molecules have not shown interesting antioxidant effects.
Serum leptin levels in obese children operated on for craniopharyngioma
Authors: Solntseva A. V.
Published: October 2019

The study was undertaken to investigate the concentrations of leptin after surgical treatment of craniopharyngioma. Patients with obesity were studied. There were the following 3 groups: 1) 8 boys and 2 girls aged 15.6+0.8 years after surgical treatment of craniopharyngioma; 2) 10 boys and 10 girls aged 8.48±0.45 years who had constitutional obesity and stage i puberty (after tanner);and3) loboysand logirlsaged 12.31+0.44years who had constitutional obesity and tanner stages ii-v puberty. There were no significant changes in the levels of leptin in pre­pubertal children. There was an age-related change in the con­centration of leptin in girls, i.e. A significant increase in puberty. After surgical treatment of craniopharyngioma, the obese boys had lower levels of leptin than the comparison group boys with the same degree of sexual development and body weight values. There was a positive correlation of the levels of leptin and the body mass index in all age groups of patients with exogenous con­stitutional obesity.
Familial nonmedullar thyroid cancer in sibling boys
Authors: Polyakov V. G. , Shilin D. Ye. , Pavlovskaya A. I. , Shishkov R. V.
Published: October 2019

A modern understanding of the origin of thyroid cancer (thyroid gland) is closely related to the ideas about the role of random somatic mutations in thyroid epithelial cells. For this reason, most cases of cancer of the thyroid gland - regardless of the histological variant - is sporadic.
Modern problems of thyroidology
Authors: Kandror V. I.
Published: October 2019

Modern reports about molecular mechanisms of the effects of thyroid hormones and the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases are reviewed. The significance of fundamental studies in thyroidology for deciphering the pathogenesis of the most prevalent endocrine and other than endocrine diseases is emphasized.
M.I. Akhunbaev, A.P. Kalinin, D.S. Rafibekov. Diabetic angiopathy of the lower extremities and diabetic foot. - Bishkek, 1997 .-- 143 p.
Authors: Solun M. N.
Published: October 2019

The monograph under review is devoted to one of the most important sections of clinical diabetology. As you know, damage to the lower extremities in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is quite common and has an adverse effect on the fate of patients, causing their early disability, and in some cases premature death.
Secondary hypothyroidism: specific features of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Nagayeva Ye. V. , Bezlepkina O. B. , Goncharov N. P. , Kolesnikova G. S. , Peterkova V. A.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the secondary hypothyroidism: specific features of diagnosis and treatment
Capacities of correction of immunological disorders in hypercorticism (a lecture)
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Marova Ye. I. , Belchenko L. V. , Manovitskaya A. V.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the capacities of correction of immunological disorders in hypercorticism
Blood levels of leptin, steroid hormones Cl9, C21, and insulin in males with impaired reproductive function
Authors: Goncharov N. P. , Koryakin M. V. , Katsiya G. V. , Kolesnikova G. S. , Dobracheva A. D. , Todua T. N.
Published: October 2019

Sixty-nine males aged 18-57 years, who had different impaired reproductive function and the body mass index (BMI) in the range of 20 to 40 kg/m2, were examined. In the patients, the baseline values of leptin, cortisole, corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and insulin were measured by using current radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay. In the examinees, the mean values of all the hormones varied in the physiological normal range with deviations being in some patients. The patients with higher leptin levels were found to have also elevated adrenal hormones, such as corticosterone, cortisole, DHA and DHAS vice versa. This was not accompanied by differences in BMI and in the levels of insulin and testosterone. Analysis of the content of hormones in relation to the level of insulin indicated that there is a positive correlation of the level of insulin and leptin. However, this relationship was multifactorial, which had a possible modifying effects of BMI and the level of testosterone.
Thyroid hemigenesia description of three cases
Authors: Malievsky O. A.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the thyroid hemigenesia description of three cases
Use of xenical in the treatment of obesity
Authors: Klochkova Ye. V.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to use of xenical in the treatment of obesity
The effects of coordination zinc compound on glucose uptake and the activity of tissue pyruvate dehydrogenase in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus
Authors: Samigzhonov A. A. , Ergasheva M. Zh. , Saatov T. S.
Published: October 2019

Zinc compounds were examined for their effects on the transport of glucose through the membrane and on the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase of mitochondria of the hearts and skeletal muscles from rats with experimental diabetes mellitus. The objects of the investigations were the rat diaphragm, cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria.

The aim of the investigation was to study the effect of the coordination zinc compound piracine on the transport of glucose in the diaphragm and on the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase of the hearts and skeletal muscles from rats with experimental diabetes mellitus.

Experimental diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal alloxan hydrate during fasting.

The investigation established that piracine exerted a stimulating effect on glucose transport in experimental diabetes. With the coordination zinc compound, there was an increase in the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, which is lowered in diabetes.

The findings provide again evidence for the role of zinc ions in glucose transport and oxidation.
Thyroid function in pregnant females carrying thyroid peroxidase antibodies
Authors: Fadeyev V. V. , Lesnikova S. V. , Melnichenko G. A.
Published: October 2019

То define risk factors for gestational hypothyroxinemia in females carrying thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO Ab) during preg­nancy, a study was performed, which included 73 females at dif­ferent periods of pregnancy in accordance with the following cri­teria: the lack of impaired dysfunction of the thyroid gland (TG) on primary examination; elevated TPO Ab levels (more than 100 mEU/l; no history of TG pathology. The control group comprised 128 pregnant females without TG pathology. Evaluation of TG function in females with TPO Ab who received and did not the physiological doses of iodine revealed that the function did not differ by the end of pregnancy. The odds ratio for hypothyrox­inemia in pregnant females with more than 100 mEU/l of TPO Ab was 3.14. In a subgroup of females with TPO Ab and the en­larged TG in the second trimester, the level of fT4 was signifi­cantly lower and that of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly higher than those in the control group. Logistic re­gression analysis indicated that a relatively high level of TSH in early gestation was most significant in females with TPO Ab. It is concluded that it is expedient to consider whether preventive levothyroxine therapy is performed in females who carry TPO Ab with the enlarged TG and with TSH level that is relatively high (more than 2 mMe/l) for early pregnancy.
Thyroid function in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency
Authors: Fadeev V. V. , Lesnikova S. V. , Melnichenko G. A.
Published: October 2019

The study whose purpose was to examine the time course of changes in the function of thyroid gland (TG) in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency enrolled 218 females in different periods of pregnancy in accordance with the following criteria: the absence of dysfunction (of TG). In 128 patients of them, baseline TG pathology was absent; 90 patients were found to have these or those types of euthyroid goiter. Some women received iodine preventive therapy (150-200 mcg of potassium iodide daily) on an individual basis. Comparison of the levels of TTH and T4 in women receiving and no receiving iodine preventive therapy revealed that by the end of pregnancy, those receiving 150-200 pg of potassium iodide had significantly lower TTN levels and higher T4 levels. Comparing the time course of changes in the volume of TG between these groups showed that they did not increase to a significantly greater extent in the females receiving no iodine preventive therapy. Whether potassium iodide was used, there were no changes in the size of TG nodal masses during pregnancy. In the control group, active smokers were fewer than those in the goiter group (p = 0.035). Six-ten months after labor, the volume of TG further increased in the females without iodine preventive therapy group while that substantially decreased in those receiving 150-200 pg of iodine daily. It is concluded that pregnancy in the presence of mild iodine deficiency is accompanied by a higher risk of the development and progression of goiter, and by a risk for gestational hypothyroxinemia, which is prevented by an individual iodine preventive therapy with 150-200 pg of potassium iodide daily. Furthermore, pregnancy is not accompanied by a risk of increases in the size of nodal euthyroid colloid goiter that does not itself entail an additional risk for gestational hypothyroxinemia.
Transient neonatal hypothyroidism: neurological and intellectual features in children aged 5-7 years
Authors: Samsonova L. N. , Kiseleva Ye. V. , Zykov V. P. , Naumenko L. L. , Kasatkina E. P.
Published: October 2019

The paper evaluates the perinatal period of the mental, intellectual, and neurological status of children with prior transient neonatal hypothyroidism (TNH). The study involved 60 children aged 5-7years who had been born in Moscow; they had thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) levels of 20 m U/I. In 56 children of them, spontaneous normalization of TSH levels occurred following 1-6 months by the moment of retesting. Four children in whom no normalization occurred by the moment of serum testing received levothyroxine therapy for 5 months to 4.5 years. A control group comprised 25 children who were parity by all signs and had normal TSH levels at birth. Examination of children included the assessment of their obstetric histories, neonatal TSH, the estimation of the neurological and psychointellectual development at the age of 5-7years. The results have indicated that the children with prior TNH have neurological and psychointellectual features (speech disorders, diminished intellectual operations that characterize logic and image thinking) that may exert a negative impact on the subsequent development of a child and lead to social disadaptation, which makes it necessary to follow up this group of children.
The experience of using biguanides (metformin BMS) in patients with older non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dreval A. V. , Misnikova I. V. , Zaichikova O. S. , Fedorova S. I.
Published: October 2019

Efficacy and safety of metformin BMS are studied in patients aged 60-65 years. The drug effectively normalizes glycemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: during 3-month follow-up the level of HbAjc decreased by 1 % and the level of glycemia after overnight fasting by 1.5 mmol/liter. No clinically significant changes in the levels of liver transaminases, blood urea, creatinine, and lactate were noted in any of the patients. The incidence of side effects during therapy with metformin was low, 20%) patients complained of dyspeptic symptoms mainly at the beginning of treatment. Metformin BMS improved the cardiovascular status: it ameliorated the metabolic processes in the myocardium and coronary circulation. Treatment with metformin BMS is recommended for elderly patients thoroughly selected with due considerations for well-known contraindications for biguanides.
R. Fletcher, S. Fletcher, E. Wagner. Clinical Epidemiology. The basics of evidence-based medicine. - M .: Media Sphere, 1998.
Authors: Surkova E. V. , Antsiferov M. B.
Published: October 2019

A book by Harvard University professors Robert Fletcher and Susan Fletcher and Edward Wagner, a professor at the University of Washington, published by Media Sphere, focuses on the fundamentals of a new, rapidly growing field of knowledge in medical science - clinical epidemiology.
Thyroid nodal masses. Diagnosis and medical tactics
Authors: Grineva E. N.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the thyroid nodal masses.
Morphological diagnosis of thyroid disease (lecture)
Authors: Bronstein M. E.
Published: October 2019

Morphological methods for studying the thyroid gland (thyroid gland) can clarify its structure and the nature of the pathological changes that developed in it, and thereby verify the diagnosis. There are 2 main methods of morphological diagnostics: microscopic examination of punctate obtained using a fine-needle puncture biopsy (aspiration and non-aspiration), and macro and microscopic examination of removed thyroid tissue.
Desulfurisasi Batubara Menggunakan Larutan Ekstrak Belimbing Wuluh (Everrhoa Bilimbi L)
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Birawidha David Candra , Isnugroho Kusno , Hendronursito Yusuf , Muttaqqi Muhammad Al , Prilitasari Nurbaiti Marsas
Published: October 2019

Desulphurization process can improve the quality of coal and reduce the environmental pollution. In this study, the method used for desulphurization process was a leaching method using wuluh starfruit extract as a leaching agent. Starfruit extract obtained by grinded, filtered and extracted the starfruit solution. Coal was crushed by using a grinding ball mill, sifted to obtain samples of 80 mesh, 120 mesh, and 150 mesh. Coal was added with starfruit extract, heated on a hotplate stirrer at a temperature of 110oC, 300 rpm of stirring speed and 3, 4 , 5 hours of leaching time. Leachate solution were analyzed using XRF test. The results of the study showed that 80, 120 and 150 mesh could produce 1.777%, 1.556% and 1.053% of sulfur, respectively. Maximum decrease of sulfur occurred in 150 mesh with 5 hours of leaching time which could reach 0.261% of concentration. Ash content also could decreased from 11.43% to 6.18% and fixed carbon content from 42.15% rose to 51.33%. The desulphurization process using starfruit extract was influenced by the grain size of the coal and the contact time of leaching. The finer the grain size of the coal and the longer the leach contact time, the smaller the sulfur content obtained in the coal after the desulfurization process was carried out
Implementasi Investasi Hijau dan Strategi daya Saing Hijau Terhadap Green Banking di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Awatara I Gusti Putu Diva , Hamdani Anwar
Published: October 2019

The implementation of green banking principle is reflected in a series of initiatives for the community program, community development and business programs, and encourages investment in more responsible businesses as a form of Bank's high concern for the environment. This study aims to analyze Green Investment, and Green Competitive Strategies that have an impact on the implementation of Green Banking in Surakarta City. This research was a survey conducted on bank customer in Surakarta City. The sample in this study was 75 respondents. Data collection methods use in this study were questionnaire and observation. The analysis technique used includes the test of the research instrument, namely the validity and reliability test; classic assumption test include: heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, normality and multicollinearity test. Hypothesis test is done by using multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test and analysis of the coefficient of determination (R2). The results of this study indicate that green investment and green competitive strategies have an impact on the implementation of green banking in Surakarta City. The variable that has the greatest impact is Green Competitive Strategies.
Penerangan Jalan Umum Tenaga Surya: Studi Kasus di Kota Pangkalpinang
Authors: Febrianto Andika , Sunanda Wahri , Gusa Rika Favoria
Published: October 2019

This research was conducted to design public street lighting photovoltaic, based on SNI 7391:2008 concerning specifications of public street lighting in urban areas with several parameters that were considered by poles, lights used, intensity of light needed, number of lights needed and supporting equipment for public street lighting photovoltaic. Currently, Jenderal Sudirman road in the city of Pangkalpinang along 1.5 km uses electricity from PLN with 30 units of 150 watt SON lamps and 11 lux light intensity. The design obtained for street lighting photovoltaic while still meet SNI for light intensity, obtained supporting equipment for solar street lighting, namely 31 unit of 8 meter octagonal poles with specifications of 40 watt LED lights for each cross arm, 1 unit of 100 Wp solar panels, unit of 100 Ah VRLA batteries and 1 unit of solar charger controller (10A, 12V / 24V).
Pharmacokinetics of Dasatinib
Authors: Hořínková Jana , Šíma Martin , Slanař Ondřej
Published: October 2019

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have recently become an essential tool in management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Dasatinib, a representative of those drugs, acts by inhibiting key proteins included in CML development, predominantly Bcr-Abl and Src. Its advantage is that it shows activity in many cases where other agents bring no improvement due to resistance. Pharmacokinetics of dasatinib has specific characteristics that may play an important role in achieving sufficient exposure in patients. Therefore, the key pharmacokinetic properties are summarized in this report. For example, dasatinib absorption is significantly influenced by gastric pH and its modulation can be a source of serious interactions, as well as simultaneous administration of drugs affecting cytochrome P450.
Evaluation of Complications Following a Trans-masseteric Antero-parotid Approach for Patients with Sub-condylar Fractures of Their Temporomandibular Joint. A Retrospective Study
Authors: Machoň Vladimír , Desai Avni , Levorová Jitka , Hirjak Dušan , Brizman Eitan , Foltán René
Published: October 2019

Sub-condylar fractures of the temporomandibular joint can be treated by an extraoral or intraoral approach. Trans-masseteric antero-parotid approach (TMAP) is an extraoral approach utilising a retromandibular incision. The authors evaluated patients’ status and any complications of using TMAP from the years 2013–2017. There were 39 patients (44 fractures). When using TMAP, in 43 fractures the fragments were favourably positioned, in one case the position was compromised. Of the complications, postoperative palsy of the facial nerve was reported 6.8% – in all cases this was only temporary. Late occlusion had an equal number of complications (in 2 cases this was as a result of an infectious complication of the wound, and in 2 cases due to resorption of the proximal fragment). Muscular pain and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint following trauma were observed consistently in 6.8% of patients. Sialocoele, a non-conforming scar, and infectious complications were observed in 4.5% of patients. TMAP allows rapid surgical performance, with a good view for perfect repositioning and fixation of fragments of sub-condylar fractures of the temporomandibular joint. The complications associated with this approach are, for the most part, temporary, the aesthetic handicap of a scar is considered by patients to be acceptable. Overall, it is possible to evaluate retromandibular TMAP as safe, and the authors recommended it for treatment of sub-condylar fractures of the mandible.
Cerebellar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Due to Malignant Transformation of Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoid Cyst, Report an Interesting Case and Review the Literature
Authors: Fereydonyan Naderafshar , Taheri Morteza , Kazemi Farid
Published: October 2019

Malignant transformation of an epidermoid tumour is a rare entity that in almost all patients occurs at the same site of the primary lesion. We report a case of an epidermoid tumour with malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at the adjacent site but without any relation to the primary site of the tumour. A 30-year-old patient with a history of cranial surgery and resection of cerebellopontine (CP) angle epidermoid cyst five years ago, presented with a headache, nausea, and vomiting. Physical examination showed no neurological deficit. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a well-defined lesion within left middle cerebellar peduncle with no relation to CP angle cistern (the previous tumour site). It was isointense on T1, isointense on T2 and had a rim enhancement on gadolinium (GD) injection. Via retrosigmoid and transcortical approach, total resection of the tumour was performed. During the surgery, there was no visible relationship between the current lesion and the previously resected lesion site. Histopathology revealed squamous cell carcinoma. The systemic survey to finding a probable origin of the tumour was negative and the patient referred for performing brain radiotherapy. We are reporting a case of malignant transformation of epidermoid cyst separate from primary location. Moreover, malignant transformation can occur years after index surgery even after gross total resection.
Lipoprotein(a) – Link between Atherogenesis and Thrombosis
Authors: Labudovic Danica , Kostovska Irena , Tosheska Trajkovska Katerina , Cekovska Svetlana , Brezovska Kavrakova Julijana , Topuzovska Sonja
Published: October 2019

Lipoprotein(a) – Lp(a) – is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Indeed, individuals with plasma concentrations of Lp(a) > 200 mg/l carry an increased risk of developing CVD. Circulating levels of Lp(a) are remarkably resistant to common lipid lowering therapies, currently available treatment for reduction of Lp(a) is plasma apheresis, which is costly and labour intensive. The Lp(a) molecule is composed of two parts: LDL/apoB-100 core and glycoprotein, apolipoprotein(a) – Apo(a), both of them can interact with components of the coagulation cascade, inflammatory pathways and blood vessel cells (smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells). Therefore, it is very important to determine the molecular pathways by which Lp(a) affect the vascular system in order to design therapeutics for targeting the Lp(a) cellular effects. This paper summarises the cellular effects and molecular mechanisms by which Lp(a) participate in atherogenesis, thrombogenesis, inflammation and development of cardiovascular diseases.
A study on genetic relationship between Allium sativum L. and Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. of Amaryllidaceae
Authors: Phukan Hiranya Devi , Saha Kishan
Published: October 2019

The present investigation has been focussed on the inter-chromosomal and intra-chromosomal asymmetry data of Allium sativum and Scadoxus multiflorus of Amaryllidaceae using quali-quantitative and quantitative methods. The quail-quantitative analysis is strictly ratio based and it revealed that the karyotype of A. sativum and S. multiflorus belonged to category 1A and 3C respectively indicating only the degree of asymmetry. The coefficient of variation of chromosome length (CVCL) and the mean centromeric asymmetry (MCA) were the estimators of quantitative analysis and the data showed that the inter- and intra-chromosomal asymmetry were comparatively high in S. multiflorus than that of A. sativum. Further, the genetic distance between these two species is clearly visible in the bi-dimensional scattered plot from the derived MCA and CVCL data.
Diversity of microphytes from some reservoirs of Kolhapur district
Authors: Patil Aparna , Patil Sachin , Sathe Sanjay
Published: October 2019

Aquatic microphytes are pioneer organisms of an aquatic food chain. The productivity of an aquatic environment depends on the density of microphytes. These produce the food material on which other organisms in the ecosystem sustain. In this context, the present investigation was undertaken to study the diversity of microphytes from some reservoirs (Belawale Budruk, Benikare, Karanjivane, Sonali and Murgud) of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra. About 108 species of microphytes were identified from these lakes. Maximum diversity is observed from Chlorophyceae, followed by Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae.
Periodic traveling fronts for partially degenerate reaction-diffusion systems with bistable and time-periodic nonlinearity
Authors: Wu Shi-Liang , Hsu Cheng-Hsiung
Published: October 2019

This paper is concerned with the periodic traveling fronts for partially degenerate reaction-diffusion systems with bistable and time-periodic nonlinearity. We first determine the signs of wave speeds for two monostable periodic traveling fronts of the system. Then, we prove the existence of periodic traveling fronts connecting two stable periodic solutions. An estimate of the wave speed is also obtained. Further, we prove the monotonicity, uniqueness (up to a translation), Liapunov stability and exponentially asymptotical stability of the smooth bistable periodic traveling fronts.
Alignment effect in the continuation task of Chinese low-intermediate English learners
Authors: Cui Yongyue , Yang Lianrui , Wolter Brent
Published: October 2019

This article aims to probe into whether low-intermediate EFL learners align their writing with an original text in a continuation task (using stories with the middle part missing). The study examined the effect of alignment on words, phrases, sentences, error rates and writing quality. Sixty low-intermediate EFL learners were divided into two groups. In the first week, group A (n=30) read the Chinese version of a story and group B (n=30) read the corresponding English version. They were then asked to finish the stories in written English using their imaginations. The two groups performed the same task in reverse conditions in the second week. Quantitative results were supplemented by two questionnaires and an interview, which were used to consolidate the quantitative data. The results revealed that: (1) low-intermediate Chinese EFL learners can align their writing with the original text in a story continuation task (with the middle part missing), (2) alignment can foster learners’ writing in terms of linguistic features, error rates and overall quality of writing, and (3) the participants who performed the English-based continuation task exhibited stronger alignment effects than those who performed the Chinese-based continuation task.
Tilting classes over commutative rings
Authors: Hrbek Michal , Šťovíček Jan
Published: October 2019

We classify all tilting classes over an arbitrary commutative ring via certain sequences of Thomason subsets of the spectrum, generalizing the classification for noetherian commutative rings by Angeleri, Pospíšil, ŠÅ¥ovíček and Trlifaj (2014). We show that the n-tilting classes can equivalently be expressed as classes of all modules vanishing in the first n degrees of one of the following homology theories arising from a finitely generated ideal:

Tor
*

⁡

(

R
/
I

,
-
)

{\operatorname{Tor}_{*}(R/I,-)}

, Koszul homology, Čech homology, or local homology (even though in general none of those theories coincide). Cofinite-type n-cotilting classes are described by vanishing of the corresponding cohomology theories. For any cotilting class of cofinite type, we also construct a corresponding cotilting module, generalizing the construction of Šťovíček, Trlifaj and Herbera (2014). Finally, we characterize cotilting classes of cofinite type amongst the general ones, and construct new examples of n-cotilting classes not of cofinite type, which are in a sense hard to tell apart from those of cofinite type.
The effect of ionic liquid and superbase pre-treatment on the spring-back, set-recovery and Brinell hardness of surface-densified Scots pine
Authors: Neyses Benedikt , Karlsson Olov , Sandberg Dick
Published: October 2019

Compressing the surface of sawn timber results in a substantial increase in hardness, and this opens up new market opportunities of using low-density timber species as the raw material for high-value wood products. Unfortunately, widespread commercialisation is hindered by the lack of an industrially viable surface densification process, the major obstacle being the set-recovery (SR) of the densified wood cells upon exposure to moisture. Our hypothesis is that partial dissolution of the crystalline cellulose during densification will largely prevent the SR of densified wood. We therefore evaluated the effect of ionic liquid (IL) or organic superbase pre-treatment on the elastic spring-back (SB), SR and Brinell hardness (HB) of surface-densified wood. Specimens of Scots pine were treated with solutions of ILs or superbases, and then densified in a hot press at temperatures between 200°C and 270°C. The SR was reduced from 90% for the control group to only about 10% for the treated materials. The treated and densified specimens exhibited a higher HB than their untreated and densified counterparts. The method presented in this study is a precursor to the development of a continuous densification process adapted for an open system. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of the pre-treatment.
Agriculture and tourism sector linkages: Global relevance and local evidence for the case of South Tyrol
Authors: Fischer Christian
Published: October 2019

The promotion of agritourism, i.e., commercial encounters between farmers and non-local visitors, is seen as a vital development option to stabilise economic decline in rural areas. In addition to agritourism, this article analyses the various transactional linkages between the agriculture and tourism sectors. The theory part discusses earlier literature and also covers modern types of farmer-tourist interactions such as on-farm education and training activities. The empirical analysis provides a complete monetary quantification of the various sector linkages for the case of South Tyrol, a north Italian province with significant agricultural and tourism sectors. By using provincial input-output table data from 2011 and combining them with additional agricultural trade numbers, a complete sectoral interlinkage picture is constructed. The results show that while farmer income from tourism is significant, the money earned by exports of agricultural products to tourist source countries is more than double as much. Tourists’ farm overnight stays contribute to about 10% of total farm incomes. Moreover, the results show that agritourism activity and physical farm output are inversely related to each other. A thorough policy assessment of agritourism must differentiate between its farm income effects and its potential counterproductive consequences for global food security and local food supply.
Evidence for nucleolar dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Nyhus Caitlin , Pihl Maria , Hyttel Poul , Hall Vanessa Jane
Published: October 2019

The nucleolus is a dynamically changing organelle that is central to a number of important cellular functions. Not only is it important for ribosome biogenesis, but it also reacts to stress by instigating a nucleolar stress response and is further involved in regulating the cell cycle. Several studies report nucleolar dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies have reported a decrease in both total nucleolar volume and transcriptional activity of the nucleolar organizing regions. Ribosomes appear to be targeted by oxidation and reduced protein translation has been reported. In addition, several nucleolar proteins are dysregulated and some of these appear to be implicated in classical AD pathology. Some studies also suggest that the nucleolar stress response may be activated in AD, albeit this latter research is rather limited and requires further investigation. The purpose of this review is to draw the connections of all these studies together and signify that there are clear changes in the nucleolus and the ribosomes in AD. The nucleolus is therefore an organelle that requires more attention than previously given in relation to understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the disease.