bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
177 Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Initial 254-patient results from a prospective registry (REALITY Study)
Authors: Khreish Fadi , Ghazal Zaidoon , Marlowe Robert J. , Rosar Florian , Sabet Amir , Maus Stephan , Linxweiler Johannes , Bartholomä Mark , Ezziddin Samer
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Preliminary data from retrospective analyses and recent data from large randomized controlled trials suggest safety and efficacy of radioligand therapy (RLT) targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Limited data on this modality have been published regarding large samples treated in everyday practice.

Methods

We analyzed prospectively collected registry data regarding lutetium-177 (177Lu)-PSMA-617 RLT of 254 consecutive men with mCRPC seen in everyday academic practice. Since 177Lu-PSMA-617 was experimental salvage treatment following failure of individually appropriate conventional therapies, patients were generally elderly and heavily pretreated (median age 70 years; prior taxanes 74.0%, 188/254), with late–end-stage disease (visceral metastasis in 32.7%, 83/254). Primary endpoints were response to RLT, defined by changes from baseline serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration, PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), and overall survival (OS), estimated with Kaplan–Meier statistics, and caregiver-reported and patient-reported safety. Unless noted, median (minimum–maximum) values are given.

Results

Patients received 3 (1–13) 177Lu-PSMA-617 activities (6.5 [2.5–11.6] GBq/cycle) every 5.7 (3.0–11.0) weeks. Best response was ≥ 50% PSA reduction in 52.0% of patients (132/254). PSA-PFS was 5.5 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 4.4–6.6) months and OS, 14.5 (95%CI 11.5–17.5) months. In multivariable Cox proportional-hazards modeling, response to the initial ≤ 2 RLT administrations was the strongest significant prognosticator related to OS (hazard ratio 3.7 [95%CI 2.5–5.5], p < 0.001). No RLT-related deaths or treatment discontinuations occurred; the most frequent RLT-related Grade 3/4 adverse events were anemia (18/254 patients, 7.1%), thrombocytopenia (11/254, 4.3%), and lymphopenia (7/254, 2.8%). RLT-related xerostomia, all grade 1/2, was noted in 53/254 (20.9%).

Conclusions

In a large, prospectively observed “real-world” cohort with late-stage/end-stage mCRPC and conventional treatment failure, 177Lu-PSMA-617 RLT was effective, safe, and well-tolerated. Early biochemical disease control by such therapy was associated with better OS. Prospective study earlier in the disease course may be warranted.
Euclidean Distance Degree and Mixed Volume
Authors: Breiding P. , Sottile F. , Woodcock J.
Published: September 2021

We initiate a study of the Euclidean distance degree in the context of sparse polynomials. Specifically, we consider a hypersurface $$f=0$$

f
=
0

defined by a polynomial f that is general given its support, such that the support contains the origin. We show that the Euclidean distance degree of $$f=0$$

f
=
0

equals the mixed volume of the Newton polytopes of the associated Lagrange multiplier equations. We discuss the implication of our result for computational complexity and give a formula for the Euclidean distance degree when the Newton polytope is a rectangular parallelepiped.
An in-vivo study of photobiomodulation using 403 nm and 649 nm diode lasers for molar tooth extraction wound healing in wistar rats
Authors: Astuti Suryani Dyah , Sulistyo Age , Setiawatie Ernie Maduratna , Khasanah Miratul , Purnobasuki Hery , Arifianto Deny , Susilo Yunus , Alamsyah Kartika Anggraini , Suhariningsih  , Syahrom Ardiyansyah
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effects of red 649 nm 4 J/cm2and blue 403 nm 8 J/cm2diode laser treatment for post-extraction wounded healing in rats through histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis.

Methods

Samples of 54 Wistar rats were divided into six groups: C- control group without treatment; C + wounded group without treatment; TB wound group with Povidone-iodine treatment; TD wounded group with doxycycline treatment; TLB wounded group with 403 nm diode laser treatment; and TLR wounded group with 649 nm diode laser treatment. Mandibular samples were observed for the number of lymphocytes and fibroblasts cells, new blood vessels formation, Interleukin 1β, and Collagen 1α expression level.

Results

Based on the histopathological test results, red laser diode treatment significantly increased the number of lymphocyte, fibroblast cells and the formation of new blood vessels. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical tests showed an increase in the expression of the Colagen-1α protein which plays a role in the formation of collagen for new tissues formation after damage, as well as a decrease in Interleukin-1β expression level. Blue laser is also able to show a positive effect on wound healing even though its penetration level into the tissue is lower compared to red laser.

Conclusion

The red diode laser 649 nm has been shown to accelerate the process of proliferation in wound healing post molar extraction based on histopathological and immunohistochemical test results.
The End of Compulsory Gender Verification: Is It Progress for Inclusion of Women in Sports?
Authors: Ospina-Betancurt Jonathan , Vilain Eric , Martinez-Patiño María José
Published: September 2021

Recently, the so-called Semenya case has brought the problem of gender in sports competitions back into the spotlight. But the fact is that it is not a unique case; rather, it seems a recurrent and inconclusive problem in the history of sports. In this context, the Spanish athlete Martínez-Patiño is an important figure in the history of sport and gender verification, as well as the Indian sprinter Dutee Chand. Martínez-Patiño’s story thus serves as an important case study of the gender-based anxieties that hampered women’s advancement in track and field. Martínez-Patiño’s experience in Spanish athletics demonstrates the difficulties women faced when attempting to compete in track and field, both in Spain and internationally. Moreover, her experience with gender policies shows the inadequacies of the chromosomal check as a sex marker, as well as the harms caused by the technique. Finally, Martínez-Patiño’s protest of the International Association of Athletics Federations’ policy started to dismantle compulsory sex verification used as a criterion for gender eligibility. The publicity surrounding her case pushed the track and field federation to abandon mandatory, on-site testing in 1992. Seven years later, the International Olympic Committee also dropped its compulsory control. Martínez-Patiño became the face of the fight against sex/gender verification in sport and helped dismantle the practice. The case of Martinez-Patiño remains in the collective memory of elite sports and serves as an argument for national and international sporting institutions to reconsider discriminating policies in the context of progress being made for women’s rights.
The Automation of the Taxi Industry – Taxi Drivers’ Expectations and Attitudes Towards the Future of their Work
Authors: Pakusch Christina , Boden Alexander , Stein Martin , Stevens Gunnar
Published: September 2021

Advoc ates of autonomous driving predict that the occupation of taxi driver could be made obsolete by shared autonomous vehicles (SAV) in the long term. Conducting interviews with German taxi drivers, we investigate how they perceive the changes caused by advancing automation for the future of their business. Our study contributes insights into how the work of taxi drivers could change given the advent of autonomous driving: While the task of driving could be taken over by SAVs for standard trips, taxi drivers are certain that other areas of their work such as providing supplementary services and assistance to passengers would constitute a limit to such forms of automation, but probably involving a shifting role for the taxi drivers, one which focuses on the sociality of the work. Our findings illustrate how taxi drivers see the future of their work, suggesting design implications for tools that take various forms of assistance into account, and demonstrating how important it is to consider taxi drivers in the co-design of future taxis and SAV services.
Acidity of rainfall samples in close vicinity of coal-fired power plant with wet cooling tower with flue gas injection
Authors: Korszun-Klak Katarzyna , Hlawiczka Stanislaw , Kobylecki Rafal
Published: September 2021

The paper presents measurement data concerning the degree of acidification of precipitation collected during a 6-month measurement campaign carried out in an immediate vicinity of a power plant, where the cooling tower was used for discharging flue gases as a product of coal combustion. As reference, data obtained from parallel measurements carried out at a monitoring station considered as city background station were used. High acidity of precipitation was anticipated due to reactions of acid gases contained in the combustion gases with water, which already occur inside the cooling tower. The results have not confirmed this assumption. The pH value of the precipitation samples was significantly higher than the pH of rainwater at the background station located 18 km away from the power plant.
Pseudospectral Roaming Contour Integral Methods for Convection-Diffusion Equations
Authors: Guglielmi Nicola , López-Fernández María , Manucci Mattia
Published: September 2021

We generalize ideas in the recent literature and develop new ones in order to propose a general class of contour integral methods for linear convection–diffusion PDEs and in particular for those arising in finance. These methods aim to provide a numerical approximation of the solution by computing its inverse Laplace transform. The choice of the integration contour is determined by the computation of a few suitably weighted pseudo-spectral level sets of the leading operator of the equation. Parabolic and hyperbolic profiles proposed in the literature are investigated and compared to the elliptic contour originally proposed by Guglielmi, López-Fernández and Nino 2020, see Guglielmi et al. (Math Comput 89:1161–1191, 2020). In summary, the article

provides a comparison among three different integration profiles;

proposes a new fast pseudospectral roaming method;

optimizes the selection of time windows on which one may arbitrarily approximate the solution by no extra computational cost with respect to the case of a fixed time instant;

focuses extensively on computational aspects and it is the reference of the MATLAB code [20], where all algorithms described here are implemented.
Evaluating the Probability of Detection Capability of Permanently Installed Sensors Using a Structural Integrity Informed Approach
Authors: Leung Michael Siu Hey , Corcoran Joseph
Published: September 2021

There is a growing interest in using permanently installed sensors to monitor for defects in engineering components; the ability to collect real-time measurements is valuable when evaluating the structural integrity of the monitored component. However, a challenge in evaluating the detection capabilities of a permanently installed sensor arises from its fixed location and finite field-of-view, combined with the uncertainty in damage location. A probabilistic framework for evaluating the detection capabilities of a permanently installed sensor is thus proposed. By combining the spatial maps of sensor sensitivity obtained from model-assisted methods and probability of defect location obtained from structural mechanics, the expectation and confidence in the probability of detection (POD) can be estimated. The framework is demonstrated with four sensor-component combinations, and the results show the ability of the framework to characterise the detection capability of permanently installed sensors and quantify its performance with metrics such as the $${\mathrm{a}}_{90|95}$$

a

90
|
95

value (the defect size where there is 95% confidence of obtaining at least 90% POD), which is valuable for structural integrity assessments as a metric for the largest defect that may be present and undetected. The framework is thus valuable for optimising and qualifying monitoring system designs in real-life engineering applications.
Social sustainability in the food value chain: what is and how to adopt an integrative approach?
Authors: Toussaint Mariana , Cabanelas Pablo , Muñoz-Dueñas Pilar
Published: September 2021

Despite sustainability is a trending topic in the literature, the analysis of the social dimension in the food industry is almost neglected due to its complexity and the lack of an integrative approach. This research intends to advance on its conceptualization by incorporating multiple insights from stakeholders at various levels of the food value chain. It also aims at analyzing current challenges and problems, its scope and key actors to improve social sustainability initiatives throughout the food value chain. Through a qualitative-exploratory approach by in-depth interviews with high-level authorities, this research explores its scope and implications for the food industry. Findings suggest that sustainability in the food value chain cannot be achieved without considering the social dimension. Social sustainability should include not only human and labor rights but also living conditions, quality of life, food safety, cultural nuances, vulnerable groups and final customers through international agreed instruments. Social sustainability will only be possible with the commitment of all actors and good traceability systems from the seed’s recollection to final distribution. Actually, the Sustainable Developments Goals can become a good starting point to involve local, national and international government levels on a joint effort with other actors beyond the industry, always considering the specificities of the region under analysis.
The value of cost-free uncertain evidence
Authors: Dziurosz-Serafinowicz Patryk , Dziurosz-Serafinowicz Dominika
Published: September 2021

We explore the question of whether cost-free uncertain evidence is worth waiting for in advance of making a decision. A classical result in Bayesian decision theory, known as the value of evidence theorem, says that, under certain conditions, when you update your credences by conditionalizing on some cost-free and certain evidence, the subjective expected utility of obtaining this evidence is never less than the subjective expected utility of not obtaining it. We extend this result to a type of update method, a variant of Judea Pearl’s virtual conditionalization, where uncertain evidence is represented as a set of likelihood ratios. Moreover, we argue that focusing on this method rather than on the widely accepted Jeffrey conditionalization enables us to show that, under a fairly plausible assumption, gathering uncertain evidence not only maximizes expected pragmatic utility, but also minimizes expected epistemic disutility (inaccuracy).
Experimental review on Majorana zero-modes in hybrid nanowires
Authors: Fu Ji-Bang , Li Bin , Zhang Xin-Fang , Yu Guang-Zheng , Huang Guang-Yao , Deng Ming-Tang
Published: September 2021

As the condensed matter analog of Majorana fermion, the Majorana zero-mode is well known as a building block of fault-tolerant topological quantum computing. This review focuses on the recent progress of Majorana experiments, especially experiments about semiconductor-superconductor hybrid devices. We first sketch Majorana zero-mode formation from a bottom-up view, which is more suitable for beginners and experimentalists. Then, we survey the status of zero-energy state signatures reported recently, from zero-energy conductance peaks, the oscillations, the quantization, and the interactions with extra degrees of freedom. We also give prospects of future experiments for advancing one-dimensional semiconductor nanowire-superconductor hybrid materials and devices.
Psychiatric Drug Prescription and Temporal Associations with a First Diagnosis of Gambling Disorder—Results from a National Register Study
Authors: Widinghoff Carolina , Berge Jonas , Hakansson Anders
Published: September 2021

Psychiatric comorbidity is common in gambling disorder (GD), but there are few studies on larger nationwide samples of treatment-seeking patients. Also, temporal associations between GD and other psychiatric disorders are often difficult to study. To address the prevalence and the temporal associations of prescriptions for psychiatric disorders — both in specialized care and primary care — in patients with a GD diagnosis (ICD-10 F63.0). Data was derived from national health registers in Sweden. All patients who were diagnosed with GD in specialized health care in 2005–2016 were included and run against the nationwide database on prescription of pharmaceuticals aimed for psychiatric disorders (n = 2018). Prevalence of psychiatric drug prescription was used as a proxy for psychiatric comorbidity and studied for two 2-year periods (period 1 and 2) prior to GD and one 2-year period (period 3) after the diagnosis. Controlling for gender, age, and time periods, for eight drug categories (anti- epileptics, anti-psychotics, benzodiazepine derivatives, anxiolytics, hypnotics, anti- depressants and drugs used in addictive disorders), significant increases in drug prescription were seen. For central stimulants, a significant increase was seen upon receiving the GD diagnosis (from period 2 to 3), and for benzodiazepines, an increase was seen prior to the GD diagnosis (from period 1 to 2), but not upon diagnosis (from period 2 to 3). Psychiatric comorbidity in GD is common. Drug prescription for psychiatric problems increased markedly in the years temporarily associated with a first diagnosis of GD. The findings may call for early screening for problem gambling in patients with treatment contacts for increasingly poor mental health.
Esophageal Cancer After Bariatric Surgery: Increasing Prevalence and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Plat Victor D. , Kasteleijn Anne , Greve Jan Willem M. , Luyer Misha D. P. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Demirkiran Ahmet , Daams Freek
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The number of bariatric procedures has increased exponentially over the last 20 years. On the background of ever-increasing incidence of esophageal malignancies, the altered anatomy after bariatric surgery poses challenges in treatment of these cancers. In this study, an epidemiological estimate is presented for the future magnitude of this problem and treatment options are described in a retrospective multicenter cohort.

Methods

The number of bariatric procedures, esophageal cancer incidence, and mortality rates of the general population were used for epidemiological estimates. A retrospective multicenter cohort was composed; patients were treated in three large oncological centers with a high upper gastrointestinal cancer caseload. Consecutive patients with preceding bariatric surgery who developed esophageal cancer between 2014 and 2019 were included.

Results

Approximately 3200 out of 6.4 million post bariatric surgery patients are estimated to have developed esophageal cancer between 1998 and 2018 worldwide. In a multicenter cohort, 15 patients with esophageal cancer or Barrett’s esophagus and preceding bariatric surgery were identified. The majority of patients had a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (46.7%) and had an adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus (60%). Seven patients received curative surgical treatment, five of whom are still alive at last follow-up (median follow-up 2 years, no loss to follow-up).

Conclusion

Based on worldwide data, esophageal cancer development following bariatric surgery has increased over the past decades. Treatment of patients with esophageal cancer after bariatric surgery is challenging and requires a highly individualized approach in which optimal treatment and anatomical limitations are carefully balanced.

Graphical abstract
Improving quality prediction in radial-axial ring rolling using a semi-supervised approach and generative adversarial networks for synthetic data generation
Authors: Fahle Simon , Glaser Thomas , Kneißler Andreas , Kuhlenkötter Bernd
Published: September 2021

As artificial intelligence and especially machine learning gained a lot of attention during the last few years, methods and models have been improving and are becoming easily applicable. This possibility was used to develop a quality prediction system using supervised machine learning methods in form of time series classification models to predict ovality in radial-axial ring rolling. Different preprocessing steps and model implementations have been used to improve quality prediction. A semi-supervised approach is used to improve the prediction and analyze, to what extend it can improve current research in machine learning for quality prediciton. Moreover, first research steps are taken towards a synthetic data generation within the radial-axial ring rolling domain using generative adversarial networks.
The novel LSD1 inhibitor ZY0511 suppresses diffuse large B-cell lymphoma proliferation by inducing apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: Liu Huan , Wei Jing , Sang Na , Zhong Xi , Zhou Xia , Yang Xinyu , Zhang Jing , Zuo Zeping , Zhou Yang , Yang Shengyong , Du Junrong , Zhao Yinglan
Published: September 2021

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1, also known as KDM1A) is an attractive agent for treatment of cancer. However, the anti-tumor effect of LSD1 inhibitors against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. Here, we report thatKDM1Ais overexpressed in human DLBCL tissues and negatively related to overall survival rate of DLBCL patients. ZY0511, a novel and potent LSD1 inhibitor developed by our group, inhibited the proliferation of human DLBCL cells. ZY0511 interacted with LSD1, induced methylation level of histone 3 lysine 4 and histone 3 lysine 9 in DLBCL cells. Mechanistically, transcriptome sequencing results indicated that ZY0511 induced the genes enrichment significantly related to cell cycle, autophagy, and apoptosis signaling pathways. Further study confirmed that ZY0511 blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and expression of CDK4 and cyclin D1. ZY0511 decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis, which can be reverted by a pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. Moreover, ZY0511 treatment significantly increased autophagy-associated marker proteins and autophagosomes formation in DLBCL cells. In vivo xenograft experiments confirmed that intraperitoneal administration of ZY0511 significantly suppressed SU-DHL-6 xenograft tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, our findings identify that ZY0511 inhibits DLBCL growth both in vitro and in vivo via the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and LSD1 inhibitor might be a promising strategy for treating DLBCL.
Risk premia and the European government bond market: new empirical evidence and some thoughts from the perspective of the life insurance industry
Authors: Tholl Johannes , Basse Tobias , Meier Samira , Rodriguez Gonzalez Miguel
Published: September 2021

We study yield spreads between government bonds in the European Monetary Union. This segment of the global fixed income market is of particular importance for insurance companies in Europe. Our empirical research strategy is inspired by Gunay (2020) who has analyzed the relationship between credit and liquidity risk in the United States using Granger causality tests. More specifically, we employ the procedure developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) to test for Granger causality among yield spreads in five different member countries of the European Monetary Union (namely Austria, Belgium, France, Italy and Ireland) relative to Germany. We examine interest rate data from bonds with three different maturities (5, 10 and 30 years). Given the importance of long-term bonds as asset class for European life insurers and pension funds, the empirical results from the often ignored market for government bonds with a maturity of 30 years should be of interest. With regard to long-term sovereign debt, there is no evidence for Granger causality among the time series examined here. Consequently, the risk premia required by investors to hold government bonds of one specific member country of the EMU do not help to forecast the risk premia that have to be paid by other countries. Given the structure of their liabilities, this empirical finding should be of high relevance for portfolio and risk managers in the European life insurance industry and in pension funds. With regard to the yield spreads to be observed in the market for 10-year government bonds, there seems to be no clear picture. Focusing on fixed income securities with a maturity of 5 years, there is one very interesting empirical finding. The test results reported here seem to imply that there is unidirectional Granger causality running from the yield spreads in all other four countries to Austria. Given that Austria is a comparably small country which is assumed to be in a fiscally stable position, this result could be interpreted as evidence for credit risk premia as being helpful to forecast liquidity risk premia in the market for medium-term government bonds issued by member states of the European Monetary Union.
Elucidating the Role of Cerebellar Synaptic Dysfunction in C9orf72-ALS/FTD — a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kaliszewska Aleksandra , Allison Joseph , Col Tarik-Tarkan , Shaw Christopher , Arias Natalia
Published: September 2021

A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with synaptic dysfunction identified as an early pathological hallmark. Although TDP-43 pathology and overt neurodegeneration are largely absent from the cerebellum, the pathological hallmarks of RNA foci and dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) inclusions are most abundant. Here, we present a systematic literature search in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Science Direct up until March 5, 2021, which yielded 19,515 publications. Following the exclusion criteria, 72 articles were included having referred to C9orf72, synapses and the cerebellum. Meta-analyses were conducted on studies which reported experimental and control groups with means and standard deviations extracted from figures using the online tool PlotDigitizer. This revealed dendritic defects (P = 0.03), reduced C9orf72 in human patients (P = 0.005) and DPR-related neuronal loss (P = 0.0006) but no neuromuscular junction abnormalities (P = 0.29) or cerebellar neuronal loss (P = 0.23). Our results suggest that dendritic arborisation defects, synaptic gene dysregulation and altered synaptic neurotransmission may drive cerebellar synaptic dysfunction in C9-ALS/FTD. In this review, we discuss how the chronological appearance of the different pathological hallmarks alters synaptic integrity which may have profound implications for disease progression. We conclude that a reduction in C9orf72 protein levels combined with the accumulation of RNA foci and DPRs act synergistically to drive C9 synaptopathy in the cerebellum of C9-ALS/FTD patients.
Methodology Proposed for Estimating Biowaste Generation Using Municipal Rurality Indexes
Authors: Baquero M. , Cifrian E. , Pérez-Gandarillas L. , Andrés A.
Published: September 2021

The separated collection and management of biowaste (BW) must be implemented in next years in the European countries. In order to define a proper BW strategy, it is necessary to estimate the generation at a municipal level, since depending on the amount to be treated, the strategy may notably vary. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology to estimate BW generation at municipal level taking into account the characteristics of the region, the Municipal Solid Waste management applied, and different socio-economic variables that define the level of rurality of a municipality. A model to estimate the BW generation for each type of municipality has been developed using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. As input data, results from a Waste Compositional Analysis executed by the regional government to samples collected on 38 municipalities and data related to influential socio-economic variables have been used. Significant influence of socio-economic variables on BW generation is observed for the rural municipalities. The evolution of these characteristics, as well as the greater awareness of society with food waste, have change the consumption patterns. Therefore, it is not recommended to use static ratios, but models that allow including socio-economic changes in the estimation of waste generation.

Graphic Abstract
Indole Hydrazide Derivatives as Potential Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in HCl Acid Medium: Experimental Study and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Sunil Dhanya , Kumari Preethi , Shetty Prakash , Rao Suma A
Published: September 2021

The present work highlights the corrosion inhibition action of two indole-3-hydrazides with varying alkyl chain lengths: 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetohydrazide (IAH) and 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanehydrazide (IBH) against mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution using electrochemical and gravimetric measurement methods. Both IAH and IBH behaved as mixed-type inhibitors, and their anticorrosion behaviour was due to a protective film formation on MS surface through physisorption, in agreement with Langmuir’s adsorption model. The surface morphologies of the inhibited specimens examined using SEM and AFM images showed distinctive improvement against acid corrosion. The quantum mechanical calculations indicated the contribution of delocalized π-electrons in the indole unit and the lone-pair electrons in the carbonyl group for improved adsorption of the studied hydrazides onto the metal surface, supporting the experimental results. IAH and IBH showed maximum inhibition efficiency of 80.4 and 94.1% at 30 °C in MS exposed to 0.5 M HCl medium at its optimum concentration. The better resistance to MS corrosion was exhibited by the acid system-containing IBH bearing three methylene groups and hence having higher molar volume and surface coverage in comparison with IAH that incorporated only one methylene group in its chemical structure.
Efficient Concentration of PB From Water by Reactions With Layered Alkali Silicates, Magadiite and Octosilicate
Authors: Sruamsiri Donhatai , Sirinakorn Thipwipa , Ogawa Makoto
Published: September 2021

Human health problems are often related to contamination of the aqueous environment by toxic metal ions. In the present study, two layered alkali silicates (magadiite and octosilicate) were examined to assess removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions in terms of quantity and kinetics. The ion-exchange reaction between the silicates and aqueous solutions of lead(II) acetate at various concentrations was examined at room temperature for 24 h. The adsorption isotherms were H-type, showing the strong interactions between Pb2+ and the silicates. The amounts of Pb2+ adsorbed were as much as 1.23 mmol Pb/g magadiite and 2.32 mmol Pb/g octosilicate, which are larger than the reported values for various ion exchangers. They were larger than the theoretical cation exchange capacities (2.2 and 3.7 meq/g for magadiite and octosilicate, respectively), suggesting that the collection of Pb2+ included the precipitation as basic lead salts in addition to the ion exchange. The adsorption isotherms for magadiite and octosilicate fitted the Langmuir equation with correlation coefficients, R2, of 0.9991 and 0.9972, respectively. The adsorption of Pb2+ onto the layered alkali silicates from acidic aqueous solution was examined to obtain smaller amounts of adsorbed Pb2+ (0.32 mmol Pb/g magadiite and 0.34 mmol Pb/g octosilicate), confirming the important role of pH on the surface charge of the layered silicates in terms of ion exchange. The adsorption of Pb2+ reached equilibrium within 5 min for magadiite while it took 60 min for octosilicate. The difference was in the particle morphology; smoother diffusion of Pb2+ was possible through flower-shaped aggregates of particles of magadiite.
Can nudges save lives?
Authors: Ohtake Fumio
Published: September 2021

To assess the promotion of life saving behaviors and determine the sustainability of nudge message effects, this paper examines nudges that promote evacuation during heavy rainfall, preventative COVID-19 infection behaviors, and COVID-19 vaccination. The results showed that altruistic gain messages may have more sustained effects than others in promoting both evacuation during heavy rainfall and contact reduction behaviors as a measure against COVID-19 infection. Specifically, social influence nudges that use a gain frame to convey that a person’s behavior promotes the behavior of others are effective for both heavy rainfall evacuations and encouraging COVID-19 vaccination.
Heidegger's Concept of Experience: Derrida's Interpretation of Hegel in Heidegger: The Question of Being and History
Authors: Gissinger Simon
Published: September 2021

In 1971, answering a question concerning one of the main motifs of his works, Derrida declared that ‘if there were a definition of différance, it would be precisely the limit, the interruption, the destruction of the Hegelian “relève” [i.e. Aufhebung] wherever it operates’. It is apparent that such an approach to Hegel is indebted to Heidegger's program of a ‘destruction’ (Destruktion) of the history of ontology. But what does Derrida's reading of Hegel owe to Heidegger exactly? In this paper, I investigate this question and the genesis of Derrida's reading of Hegel more generally by looking into the interpretation which can be found in the 1964–65 lectures about Heidegger: The Question of Being and History. In the process of interpreting Heidegger, Derrida produces extensive comments about Hegel which document the early elaboration of his perception of the author of the Phenomenology of Spirit. Here, I focus on Hegel's conception of experience, which Derrida compares to Heidegger's understanding of the historicity of Dasein. As will become clear, however, this question involves the way Derrida presents the relationship between the two thinkers throughout these lectures. Specifically, I show that Derrida significantly bases his account of Heidegger's ‘destruction’ of Hegel's philosophy on the former's interpretation of the latter's concept of experience. By examining such an interpretation, I intend to challenge the way Derrida portrays Hegel and I argue as a result that it is questionable whether Heidegger's departure from Hegel can be taken to be as ‘radical’ as Derrida makes it seem.
Dynamics of a viscoelastic thread surrounded by a Newtonian viscous fluid inside a cylindrical tube
Authors: Li Fang , He Dongdong
Published: September 2021

A viscoelastic thread in vacuum is known to evolve into a beads-on-a-string structure at large deformations. If the thread is immersed in another fluid, the surrounding medium may influence the topological structure of it, which remains unexplored. To get some insights into the nonlinear behaviour of a viscoelastic thread in a two-phase flow system, a one-dimensional model is developed under the slender body approximation, in which the thread of a highly viscoelastic fluid described by the Oldroyd-B or Giesekus constitutive equation is immersed in a Newtonian viscous fluid of much smaller density and viscosity inside a cylindrical tube. The effect of the outer viscous fluid layer and the confinement of the tube is examined. It is found that the outer fluid may change substantially the beads-on-a-string structure of the viscoelastic thread. Particularly, it may induce the formation of secondary droplets on the filament between adjacent primary droplets, even for large wavenumbers. The outer fluid exerts a resistance force on the extensional flow in the filament, but the necking of the thread is slightly accelerated, due to the redistribution of capillary and elastic forces along the filament accompanied by the formation of secondary droplets. Decreasing the tube radius leads to an increase in secondary droplet size but affects little the morphology of the thread. The non-uniformity of the filament between droplets is more pronounced for a Giesekus viscoelastic thread, and pinch-off of a Giesekus thread always occurs in the neck region connecting the filament to the primary droplet in the presence of the outer viscous fluid.
Parabolic velocity profile causes shape-selective drift of inertial ellipsoids
Authors: Bagge J. , Rosén T. , Lundell F. , Tornberg A.-K.
Published: September 2021

Understanding particle drift in suspension flows is of the highest importance in numerous engineering applications where particles need to be separated and filtered out from the suspending fluid. Commonly known drift mechanisms such as the Magnus force, Saffman force and Segré–Silberberg effect all arise only due to inertia of the fluid, with similar effects on all non-spherical particle shapes. In this work, we present a new shape-selective lateral drift mechanism, arising from particle inertia rather than fluid inertia, for ellipsoidal particles in a parabolic velocity profile. We show that the new drift is caused by an intermittent tumbling rotational motion in the local shear flow together with translational inertia of the particle, while rotational inertia is negligible. We find that the drift is maximal when particle inertial forces are of approximately the same order of magnitude as viscous forces, and that both extremely light and extremely heavy particles have negligible drift. Furthermore, since tumbling motion is not a stable rotational state for inertial oblate spheroids (nor for spheres), this new drift only applies to prolate spheroids or tri-axial ellipsoids. Finally, the drift is compared with the effect of gravity acting in the directions parallel and normal to the flow. The new drift mechanism is stronger than gravitational effects as long as gravity is less than a critical value. The critical gravity is highest (i.e. the new drift mechanism dominates over gravitationally induced drift mechanisms) when gravity acts parallel to the flow and the particles are small.
The Evolutionary Map of the Universe pilot survey
Authors: Norris Ray P. , Marvil Joshua , Collier J. D. , Kapińska Anna D. , O’Brien Andrew N. , Rudnick L. , Andernach Heinz , Asorey Jacobo , Brown Michael J. I. , Brüggen Marcus , Crawford Evan , English Jayanne , Rahman Syed Faisal ur , Filipović Miroslav D. , Gordon Yjan , Gürkan Gülay , Hale Catherine , Hopkins Andrew M. , Huynh Minh T. , HyeongHan Kim , James Jee M. , Koribalski Bärbel S. , Lenc Emil , Luken Kieran , Parkinson David , Prandoni Isabella , Raja Wasim , Reiprich Thomas H. , Riseley Christopher J. , Shabala Stanislav S. , Sheil Jaimie R. , Vernstrom Tessa , Whiting Matthew T. , Allison James R. , Anderson C. S. , Ball Lewis , Bell Martin , Bunton John , Galvin T. J. , Gupta Neeraj , Hotan Aidan , Jacka Colin , Macgregor Peter J. , Mahony Elizabeth K. , Maio Umberto , Moss Vanessa , Pandey-Pommier M. , Voronkov Maxim A.
Published: September 2021

We present the data and initial results from the first pilot survey of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU), observed at 944 MHz with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. The survey covers$270 \,\mathrm{deg}^2$of an area covered by the Dark Energy Survey, reaching a depth of 25–30$\mu\mathrm{Jy\ beam}^{-1}$rms at a spatial resolution of$\sim$11–18 arcsec, resulting in a catalogue of$\sim$220 000 sources, of which$\sim$180 000 are single-component sources. Here we present the catalogue of single-component sources, together with (where available) optical and infrared cross-identifications, classifications, and redshifts. This survey explores a new region of parameter space compared to previous surveys. Specifically, the EMU Pilot Survey has a high density of sources, and also a high sensitivity to low surface brightness emission. These properties result in the detection of types of sources that were rarely seen in or absent from previous surveys. We present some of these new results here.
On the Cauchy problem associated with the Brinkman flow in
Authors: Molina Del Sol Michel , Arbieto Alarcon Eduardo , Iorio Rafael José
Published: September 2021

In this study, we continue our study of the Cauchy problem associated with the Brinkman equations [see (1.1) and (1.2) below] which model fluid flow in certain types of porous media. Here, we will consider the flow in the upper half-space
\[ \mathbb{R}_{+}^{3}=\left\{\left(x,y,z\right) \in\mathbb{R}^{3}\left\vert z\geqslant 0\right.\right\}, \]
under the assumption that the plane $z=0$ is impenetrable to the fluid. This means that we will have to introduce boundary conditions that must be attached to the Brinkman equations. We study local and global well-posedness in appropriate Sobolev spaces introduced below, using Kato's theory for quasilinear equations, parabolic regularization and a comparison principle for the solutions of the problem.
AN INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ON 14C FROM SINGLE-YEAR TREE RINGS
Authors: Kudsk Sabrina G K , Olsen Jesper , Hodgins Gregory W L , Molnár Mihály , Lange Todd E , Nordby Jessica A , Jull A J Timothy , Varga Tamás , Karoff Christoffer , Knudsen Mads F
Published: September 2021

A laboratory intercomparison project was carried out on 20 annually resolved late-wood samples from the Danish oak record. The project included the following three laboratories: (1) the University of Arizona AMS Laboratory, University of Arizona, USA (AA); (2) HEKAL AMS Laboratory, MTA Atomki, Hungary (DeA); and (3) Aarhus AMS Centre (AARAMS), Aarhus University, Denmark (AAR). The large majority of individual data points (96%) lie within ±2σ of the weighted mean. Further assessment of the accuracy associated with the individual laboratories showed good agreement, indicating that consistent and reliable 14C measurements well in agreement with each other are produced at the three laboratories. However, the quoted analytical uncertainties appear to be underestimated when compared to the observed variance of differences from the geometric mean of the samples. This study provides a general quality check of the single-year tree-ring 14C measurements that are included in the new calibration curve.
Does the non-native Harlequin ladybird disrupt the feeding behaviour of the native two-spot ladybird?
Authors: Hemsley Jade A. , Holland John M.
Published: September 2021

Since its arrival in 2004, the non-native Harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has rapidly spread throughout Britain, and it is now the most common coccinellid in England. There have since been concerns about the detrimental effects it may have on native coccinellids because there is a strong correlation between the arrival of H. axyridis and the decline in native species, including the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata. However, there have been few studies of the behavioural interactions between these two species, which occupy a high-niche overlap. This study investigated if the presence of H. axyridis impacts the feeding behaviour of A. bipunctata through direct competition for aphid prey. Foraging and interactive behaviour of A. bipunctata and H. axyridis were investigated within microcosms. Adalia bipuncata exhibited a similar consumption rate and time in the presence of H. axridis, yet H. axyridis consumed 3.5 times more prey items and were seven times faster compared to A. bipuncata. Observations showed that H. axyridis does not directly disrupt the feeding behaviour of A. bipunctata, but rather indirectly excludes the native species through being a superior competitor for prey items. Results indicate that the decline in native coccinellid species may be a consequence of H. axyridis competitive advantage, but that the concept of coexistence should not be dismissed.
Inoculant, nitrogen and phosphorus improves photosynthesis and water-use efficiency in soybean production
Authors: Savala C. E. N. , Wiredu A. N. , Okoth J. O. , Kyei-Boahen S.
Published: September 2021

Soybean yield within the Southern Africa falls below its potential despite similar climatic conditions across some agroecologies, replicable agronomic management practices and introduced improved varieties. Understanding physiological processes and water-use efficiency (WUE) of soybean offer information on bridging this yield gap. A field study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 seasons in two agroecologies (Angonia and Ruace) in Mozambique to evaluate the effects of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens strain USDA110 formerly known as Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant, nitrogen and phosphorus on nodulation, physiology and yield of non-promiscuous (Safari) and promiscuous (TGx 1740-2F) soybean varieties. Data on transpiration, photosynthesis, leaf area index, radiation interception and WUE from the beginning of flowering to maturity were collected. Transpiration rate varied considerably with interaction between locations, growth stages, varieties and treatments. At podding, phosphorus-treated soybean at Angonia transpired less (6.3 mmol/m2/s) than check plants (6.6 mmol/m2/s). Photosynthesis rate and WUE were distinct with variety, growth stages and inputs within agroecologies. For instance, in Angonia 2018 season, phosphorus fertilized TGx 1740-2F photosynthesized more at flowering (25.3 μmol/m2/s) while the lowest was phosphorus-treated Safari at podding with 17.2 μmol/m2/s. At the same site in 2017, inoculated soybean photosynthesized more at 22.8 μmol/m2/s leading to better WUE of 3.6 that corresponded to 2894 kg/ha yield. Overall, soybean WUE was higher when inoculated than N-treated, while P application yielded better. Results from this study will complement breeders’ effort in developing phosphorus efficient varieties suited for a wide range of changing climatical conditions.
Dynamic relationships between depressive symptoms and insulin resistance over 20 years of adulthood
Authors: Wu Che-Yuan , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Edwards Jodi D. , Krance Saffire H. , Eid Michael , Schreiner Pamela J. , Launer Lenore J. , Swardfager Walter
Published: September 2021

Background

Bidirectional longitudinal relationships between depression and diabetes have been observed, but the dominant direction of their temporal relationships remains controversial.

Methods

The random-intercept cross-lagged panel model decomposes observed variables into a latent intercept representing the traits, and occasion-specific latent ‘state’ variables. This permits correlations to be assessed between the traits, while longitudinal ‘cross-lagged’ associations and cross-sectional correlations can be assessed between occasion-specific latent variables. We examined dynamic relationships between depressive symptoms and insulin resistance across five visits over 20 years of adulthood in the population-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Possible differences based on population group (Black v. White participants), sex and years of education were tested. Depressive symptoms and insulin resistance were quantified using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), respectively.

Results

Among 4044 participants (baseline mean age 34.9 ± 3.7 years, 53% women, 51% Black participants), HOMA-IR and CES-D traits were weakly correlated (r = 0.081, p = 0.002). Some occasion-specific correlations, but no cross-lagged associations were observed overall. Longitudinal dynamics of these relationships differed by population groups such that HOMA-IR at age 50 was associated with CES-D score at age 55 (β = 0.076, p = 0.038) in White participants only. Longitudinal dynamics were consistent between sexes and based on education.

Conclusions

The relationship between depressive symptoms and insulin resistance was best characterized by weak correlations between occasion-specific states and enduring traits, with weak evidence that insulin resistance might be temporally associated with subsequent depressive symptoms among White participants later in adulthood.