bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Scientometric Analysis of Publications on Household Electricity Theft and Energy Consumption Load Profiling in a Smart Grid Networks Context
Authors: de Rezende José Antonio Moreira , Leão Junior Reginaldo Gonçalves , Gomes Otávio de Souza Martins
Published: November 2024

This study provides a scientometric analysis of research focused on energy theft detection and load profiling in smart grid networks. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, covering publications from 2003 to April 2024. Using the Bibliometrix package and VOSviewer software, we analyzed trends in publications, author productivity, collaborative networks, and key journals. The study highlights significant growth in the research field, with China and the USA emerging as the most productive countries, with strong international collaboration. Nadeem Javaid is identified as a leading author, contributing to publications with a strong focus on the application of deep learning techniques for energy consumption analysis in smart grids. Key journals such as IEEE Access, Applied Energy, and Energies were found to be central to this research area. Our findings highlighted the importance of this area, as smart grid technologies continue to evolve, requiring advanced methodologies to detect non-technical losses and analyze consumption patterns. This research supports the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly goals related to sustainable energy and infrastructure development, by emphasizing the importance of technological innovation and collaboration in tackling energy theft.
How ASIA-PACIFIC and Arabian Countries Published Articles in the Scopus and WoS Indexed Sources with EEGLAB in 20 Years: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Fayaz Mohammad , Azeez Sayel Nadhim
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The EEGLAB is one of the main and primary software for designing and analyzing experiments with electroencephalography datasets. It has been used globally for more than 20 years. The aim of this bibliometric research is to study the ASIA-PACIFIC and Arabian states regions with 80 countries and territories and the way they used EEGLAB and published articles in SCOPUS and Web of Science (WoS) Indexed Sources. Methods : The bibliometrix package in R was used to analyze all SCOPUS and WoS indexes- sources citations of EEGLAB's main article from the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) with 5 subregions and 58 countries and territories and United Nations Economic and Social Commission for West Asia (ESCWA) or Arab States with 22 countries and territories until 03/28/2024. Results: There are 22,298 Google Scholar citations for EEGLAB software, meanwhile, this number is reduced to 14,958 (≈ 67.1%) citations in the WoS and 15,827 (≈ 70.1%) citations in the Scopus, respectively. The Bibliometric indices, Lotka's law coefficient estimation, core sources based on Bradford's law, the most globally cited documents in all time, after 2020 and 2022, Co-Occurrence Network of WoS subject, Co-Citation Network Papers and Historiography are presented. Most analyses have been grouped by database, regions, and subregions. The appendix includes further analysis for example country-based analysis for China, Japan, India, Russian Federation and Iran. Conclusions: About 35% of all WoS documents and 41% of authors came from these two regions (ESCAP and ESCWA) while the average citation per doc in the world is doubled these two regions.
A Stackelberg Game Based Optimal Scheduling Model for Multi-Microgrid System Considering Photovoltaic Consumption and Integrated Demand Response
Authors: Li Jie , Ji Shengyuan , Wang Xiuli , Zhang Hengyuan , Li Yafei , Qian Xiaojie , Xiao Yunpeng
Published: November 2024

To enhance the interests of all stakeholders in the multi-microgrid integrated energy system and to promote photovoltaic consumption, this paper proposes a master-slave game operation optimization strategy for a multi-microgrid system considering photovoltaic consumption and integrated demand response. Initially, a energy interaction model was established to delineate the relationships between each microgrid and the distribution network, as well as the interactions among the microgrids. Additionally, an integrated demand response model for end-users was developed. The above framework leads to the formulation of a one-leader multi-follower interaction equilibrium model, wherein the multi-microgrid system acts as the leader and the users of the multi-microgrid serve as followers. It is proven that a unique equilibrium solution for the Stackelberg game exists. The upper level iteratively optimizes variables such as energy selling prices, equipment output, and energy interactions among microgrids, subsequently announcing the energy selling prices to the lower level. The lower level is responsible for optimizing energy load and returning the actual load demand to the upper level. Finally, through example analysis, it is validated that the proposed model can formulate reasonable energy selling prices, account for the interests of both players in the Stackelberg game, and effectively promote photovoltaic consumption.
Impact of Resistance Exercise and Nitrate Supplementation on Muscle Function and Clinical Outcomes after Knee Osteoarthritis Surgery in Middle-Aged Women with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Park Han Soo , Yoon Jin Ho , Oh Jae Keun
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia, defined by reduced muscle mass and strength, is linked to osteoarthritis (OA), particularly in middle-aged women, and may be exacerbated post-operatively. Resistance exercise (RE) helps counteract sarcopenia, but postoperative recovery is often suboptimal. Emerging evidence suggests that nitrate (NO3-) supplementation may enhance muscle recovery and complement RE. This study investigated whether NO3-supplementation combined with RE during postoperative rehabilitation improves thigh muscle mass and strength in middle-aged women with sarcopenia.

Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study with thirty-two middle-aged women with sarcopenia and cartilage defects who were scheduled for mesenchymal stem cell implantation. They were randomized to receive RE (24 supervised sessions over 12 weeks) with NO3- supplementation (NG, n=16) or a placebo (PG, n=16). NO3- and placebo supplementation were administered 2 hours before each session. The primary outcomes were thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and knee extension/flexion strength. The secondary outcomes were Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), skeletal muscle index, hand grip strength (HGS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and Western Ontario and McMaster Uni-versities (WOMAC) scores.

Results: Thigh muscle CSA decreased significantly in PG but not in NG. Knee extension strength increased significantly in NG compared to PG at 6 and 12 weeks after the intervention. The SPPB and IKDC scores improved significantly in NG, while the HGS and WOMAC scores improved similarly in both groups.

Conclusions: NO3-supplementation combined with RE effectively prevented muscle atrophy and enhanced muscle strength in middle-aged women with sarcopenia who underwent surgery, indi-cating potential for improving postoperative recovery.
Integrated Approach to Women's Well-being: Physical Exercise, Biofeedback, Alkalinizing Nutrition, and Supplementation for Psychological and Physical Improvement in Women
Authors: Lombardo Claudio
Published: November 2024

The balance of the body's pH plays a crucial role in maintaining women's health, with implications ranging from the prevention of osteopenia and osteoporosis to the enhancement of psychological well-being. An acidic body pH can compromise not only bone health but also negatively affect mood and mental well-being [1]. This article explores the importance of pH in the female body, analyzing the damage caused by acidosis, intervention strategies that include specific exercises and breathing techniques, as well as nutrition and the use of scientifically supported supplements. A multidisciplinary approach is proposed, focusing on motor sciences, nutrition, and supplementation to improve women's quality of life, particularly from a preventive perspective.
Scientific co-authorship in Russian mathematics in 2000-2020: a study based on the example of famous Russian journals
Authors: Znamenskaya Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Pechnikov Andrey Anatolievich , Chebukov Dmitry Evgenievch
Published: November 2024

Scientific co-authorship is a direct reflection of scientific collaboration. There is empirical evidence of the value of co-authorship, for example, articles with a large number of authors tend to be cited more often, which is important for calculating various indexes. Many foreign studies show an increase in co-authorship both in general and in various scientific disciplines, however, it is quite difficult to judge the situation with co-authorship of Russian scientists based on research according to Web of Science or Scopus for a number of reasons. According to the portal Math-Net.Ru some issues of co-authorship in the field of mathematical and computer sciences in Russia are investigated. In particular, it shows a small but steady increase in the average number of coauthors per publication and an increase in the number of articles co-authored over the years 2000-2020.
Review of technologies for ensuring security and protection of email systems in a scientific organization
Authors: Mikhaylov Gury Mikhaylovich , Chernetsov Andrey Mikhailovich
Published: November 2024

The paper provides an overview of modern technologies used in processing mail messages and describes them. Recommended settings for successful operation are provided.
Knowledge graph of a scientific institute in the semantic library ontology
Authors: Ataeva Olga Muratovna , Serebryakov Vladimir Alekseevich , Tuchkova Natalia Pavlovna
Published: November 2024

The problem of presenting scientific results of academic institute in a digital environment is considered. A new look at the knowledge space of a scientific institute constitutes a natural stage in the development of WEB technologies. The data structure inherent in previous studies allows you to organize search and navigation through them using a knowledge graph, like a version of the semantic library LibMeta. The knowledge graph gives a more complete and high-quality idea of the knowledge space, often removing the cognitive load in the perception of complex structures and data connections.
Analytical statistics about KIAM publications on Scilit
Authors: Ermakov Alexey Viktorovitch
Published: November 2024

The paper examines issues related to the presentation of information about publications by KIAM employees and Institute as scientific publishing house in information and analytical materials of the Scilit system. Specific examples show the advantage of complete and correct setting of metadata for scientific publications, as well as the problems that arise when handling bibliographic information carelessly.
Development of a converter of KIAM preprints from .docx format to HTML and JATS XML formats
Authors: Skornyakova Rimma Yuryevna
Published: November 2024

Along with the traditional form of electronic presentation of full texts of scientific articles – PDF format – in recent years the HTML format has become widespread. HTML has a number of advantages for online publications due to the means it has for better structuring of material, adding multimedia content and implementation of various interactive and dynamic capabilities. The most common approach to generating an HTML version of an article is to first create its XML version in accordance with the JATS XML standard developed in the USA, which, in addition to the basis for creating HTML and PDF versions, is also a standard for exchanging and storing article contents. However, converting scientific articles with complex content, including a large number of formulas, tables and figures, authored in the most commonly used .docx and LaTeX formats into this format is not an easy task and the available software tools either do not cope with it in full or are quite expensive. The paper proposes an approach to creating a converter of scientific articles from the .docx format to HTML and JATS XML formats leveraging the open source tool Mammoth and describes a prototype converter of KIAM preprints to HTML with subsequent conversion to JATS XML, created based on this approach.
Tunnel Seismic Detection for Tunnel Boring Machine by Joint Active and Passive Source Method and Imaging Advanced Prediction
Authors: Lu Xinglin , Wang Jun , Wang Wei , Liu Xuhua , Yang Chao , Liu Yufeng , Fu Zhihong
Published: November 2024

Tunnel seismic advanced prediction method enables the detection of anomalous bodies in front of the tunnel face and the reduction of tunnel construction risk. The active source and the passive source detection methods are two commonly used for imaging advanced prediction of tunnel boring machine (TBM). Although both methods achieve good results, each method still has room for improvement. The active detection method is not conducive to long-distance detection because the sources are generally far away from the anomalous bodies and the received signals are weak. The passive detection method usually produces results of low resolution and with limited forecast precision. Since the active and passive source methods are applied separately, the geophone utilization rate is low and the cost is high. Moreover, both methods have low signal-to-noise ratio and low imaging resolution for single detection data. To overcome the above drawbacks, this article proposes a joint TBM tunnel seismic detection method and an imaging advanced prediction method to detect anomalous bodies in medium and long distances. The advanced prediction employs multiple stacking schemes to enhance the reflection wave energy of the anomalous bodies and suppress the interference wave. The proposed method integrates the active source data into the passive source method to extract the P- and S-waves. The joint active and passive source method further incorporates multiple stack schemes to achieve much higher resolution imaging and provides more accurate detection results. Moreover, the proposed joint method allows multiple utilization of the geophone and reduces the cost. Simulation results are presented for performance verification.
Muscle-to-Bone Mass Ratio: A Novel Biomarker for Osteoporosis Screening and Fracture Risk Assessment in the Elderly
Authors: zeng jingqi , Jia Xiaobin
Published: November 2024

Amidst the escalating prevalence of osteoporosis, particularly in China’s burgeoning elderly populace, our investigation pioneers the evaluation of Muscle-to-Bone Mass Ratio (MBR) as a pivotal biomarker for osteoporosis and its consequent fracture risk. Through meticulous analysis of the extensive "Human Body Composition Dataset for the Chinese Population," encompassing 152,449 subjects, we have discerned critical MBR subgroups within the elderly cohort, offering fresh stratification in osteoporosis susceptibility. The study underscores a distinct physiological phase between ages 50-55, where MBR alterations are most acute, signifying an optimal juncture for preventive measures against osteoporosis. Our comparative analysis illustrates that an MBR≥16 is indicative of heightened osteoporosis risk, with corresponding reductions in Bone Mineral Content (BMC), muscle mass, and other osteoporotic markers. This subgroup also uniquely portrays the gender-specific risk, with postmenopausal females exhibiting additional risk factors such as increased adiposity and reduced stature. Importantly, MBR measured through Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) using home scales enables long-term osteoporosis monitoring at home, compared to the traditional Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). These findings advocate for the integration of MBR in clinical settings, potentially refining the current osteoporosis screening and management paradigm.
Research on the operational properties of the soft gripper pads
Authors: Białek Marcin , Rybarczyk Dominik
Published: November 2024

Grippers are commonly used as a technological tooling for manipulators. They enable robots to interact with objects in their work area. Grippers have a wide range of differentiation focused on the operation performed and the properties (e.g. shape) of the object being gripped. Their design and functionality are constantly being modified, tuned and developed by both academic and industrial units. Consequently, this paper presents a proposal for a lightweight jaw using MR fluid, which can be implemented in a jaw gripper (e.g. Robotiq 2F-140) to form a hybrid soft-rigid structure. In addition, methods are presented for studying the use of soft structures in a jaw gripper. As part of the work carried out, a model of the cushion and jaw of the gripper was developed, the FEM was used to obtain the character of the deformation when the object is axially plunged into it. Experimental plunging tests as well as dynamic tests of object transfer were also carried out. The work carried out allowed to demonstrate several key aspects of the grippers area. The soft structures of the grippers should be studied in terms of the force required to deform them. This determines their applicability to fragile and deformable objects. Dynamic measurements of the handling of objects of different shapes, with simultaneous measurement of force, allow the effectiveness of the use of soft structures in the gripper to be determined. Such experiments will make it possible to determine the measurable stability and repeatability of the grasp. The results of the research and experiments will be particularly applicable to robotic arms with relatively low lifting capacity.
High-temperature thermodynamic properties of Y-doped barium zirconates, BaZr1–xYxO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2), with perovskite-type structure
Authors: Tsvetkov Dmitry , Malyshkin Dmitry , Sereda Vladimir , Ivanov Ivan , Tsvetkova Nadezhda , Zuev Andrey
Published: November 2024

Perovskite-type oxides BaZr1–xYxO3−x/2 (x = 0.1, 0.2) were synthesized and their enthalpy increments were measured by means of high-temperature drop calorimetry in the temperature range of (373–1273) K in air. The data obtained were used for estimating the high-temperature thermodynamic functions (constant pressure heat capacity and entropy increments) of the zirconates BaZr1–xYxO3−x/2 (x = 0.1, 0.2). They were found to be only weakly dependent on the concentration of Y-dopant. Thermal expansion coefficient of zirconates BaZr1–xYxO3−x/2 (x = 0.1, 0.2) was successfully estimated by Grüneisen equation. Also, Neumann-Kopp rule was shown to be inapplicable for accurate estimation of heat capacities of the studied oxides. Thermodynamic analysis showed that BaZr1–xYxO3−x/2 (x = 0.1, 0.2) oxides are prone to chemical interaction with CO2 at typical working temperatures of proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells. Some possibilities to overcome this issue have been discussed.
MoPtc5 plays synergistic roles with MoPtc1 and MoPtc2 in the vegetative growth, stress adaptation, and virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Biregeya Jules , Otieno Frankine Jagero , Chen Meilian , Yang Zifeng , Mabeche Anjago Wilfred , Zhang Ruina , Felix Abah , Nkurikiyimfura Oswald , Aimable Nsanzinshuti , Saddeeq Yakubu , Hong Yonghe , Wang Zonghua , Tang Wei
Published: November 2024

Protein phosphatases are crucial enzymes that regulate key cellular processes such as cell cycle, gene transcription, and translation in eukaryotes. Seven PP2C protein phosphatases have been identified in Magnaporthe oryzae. However, their synergistic roles in the pathology and physiology of M. oryzae remain poorly investigated. By qRT-PCR analysis we found that PTC1 and PTC2 are significantly upregulated in the PTC5 deletion mutant. Double deletion of MoPTC5/MoPTC1 and MoPTC5/MoPTC2 genes significantly reduced hyphal growth, conidiophore formation, sporulation, and virulence in M. oryzae. In addition, the double knockout mutants were increasingly sensitive to different osmotic, oxidative, and cell wall stresses. Western blot analysis revealed that MoPtc5 plays a synergistic function with MoPtc1 and MoPtc2 in the regulation of MoMps1 and MoOsm1 phosphorylation levels. Lastly, appressorium formation and turgor generation were remarkably affected in the ΔMoptc5ΔMoptc1 and ΔMoptc5ΔMoptc2 double deletion mutants. These findings demonstrate the synergistic roles of PP2c protein phosphatase in the fungal development and pathogenesis of M. oryzae.
Carob Fruit Extract as Naturally Products Corrosion Inhibitor for Copper-Nickel Alloys in Brine Solutions
Authors: Fouda Abd El Aziz S. , Nageeb Mona , Gaber Ghalia A. , Ahmed Amal S. , El-Hossiany Ahmed A. , Atia Mohamed F.
Published: November 2024

Copper-nickel alloys are the preferred material for desalination facilities and condensers and heat exchangers that use saltwater as a coolant. The eco-friendly compounds especially Carob fruit extract (CFE) has emerged as excessive green corrosion inhibitor for alloys. Cu-Ni alloys are widely used in various industries due to their excellent corrosion resistance. However, their performance can be compromised in aggressive environments like seawater (which is approximately 3.5% NaCl). To evaluate the corrosion behavior of these alloys and the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors, researchers often employ weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results showed that CFE exhibited a good ability to decrease the CR of alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution. The inhibition efficacy (IE) was reached to 92.6 % and ̴ 83.2% at 300 ppm dose of CFE for Cu-10Ni alloy and Cu-30Ni alloy, respectively. The CR increases with temperature rising, but the addition of CFE reduces the CR, and the reduction depends on the dose of the extract. Adsorption of the extract gives a good fit to Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich isotherms model. The free adsorption energies of CFE on Cu-10Ni and Cu-30Ni alloys were 17.61 and 15.86 kJ mol-1, respectively, suggesting that CFE was weakly held to both alloys. The presence of a protective film on the alloys surface is confirmed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The study suggests that utilizing affordable, natural substances as green corrosion inhibitors presents a new strategy for promoting both resource efficiency and environmental sustainability.
A machine learning approach to predict demand-to- capacity ratio for reinforced concrete jacketing of columns in seismic-deficient buildings
Authors: Singh Abhilash , Dutta Subhrajit , Agrawal Govinda , Sapre Mandar S. , Kulkarni Anand J.
Published: November 2024

Existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings risk seismic damage because they were not constructed in compliance with seismic design standards and may have irregular mass distribution and construction defects. Typically, columns in these buildings are designed to withstand only gravity loads, making them vulnerable to damage or collapse during earthquakes. Retrofitting these columns using an RC jacket system is a standard way to enhance seismic resilience. However, conventional parametric modeling for RC jacketed structures using physics-based (finite element) modeling can be time-consuming and non-intuitive. To address this challenge, the present study proposes a novel data-driven machine-learning approach to predict RC jacketed columns' demand-to-capacity ratio (DCR), aiming for a reasonably accurate design with reduced computational time. Various design parameters related to RC column jacketing are considered when predicting the DCR. The datasets generated in post-processing are used to train Graphical Neural Network (GNN) and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). The dataset encompasses parameterization of design variables, including retrofit location, concrete compressive strength, cross-sectional dimensions, jacket thickness, longitudinal and transverse reinforcement areas, yielding reinforcement strength, and slenderness ratio. Subsequently, both models are fitted and evaluated against a test dataset to identify the optimal performer, using a multiple scorer performance index as the model evaluation metric. The analysis indicates that the GMM model emerges as the most suitable regressor for DCR estimation, exhibiting lower residual error than the GNN model.
Integration of GWAS and transcriptome analysis to identify temperature-dependent genes involved in germination of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Wang Ruisen , Wu Guangyu , Zhang Jingyi , Hu Weizhen , Hua Shuijin , Yao Xiangtan , Jiang Lixi , Zhu Yang
Published: November 2024

Low temperature germination (LTG) is one of crucial agronomic traits for field-grown rapeseed in the Yangtze River basin, where delayed direct sowing frequently exposes seeds to cold stress during germination. Despite its importance, the genetic basis underlying rapeseed germination under different temperatures remains largely unexplored. Here we screened out two cultivars with different LTG performance (JY1621 and JY1605) and conducted transcriptome sequencing at five key timepoints under different temperatures. Comparative analysis among multiple groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed sets of early and late temperature response germination (ETRG and LTRG) genes, as well as cold-tolerant (CDT) and temperature-insensitive (TPI) candidate regulators at different germination stages. Furthermore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using germination index (GI) of 273 rapeseed accessions and identified 24 significant loci associated with the germination trait under the normal temperature. Through integrated analysis of transcriptome sequencing and GWAS, we identified a series of candidate genes involved in temperature-dependent germination. To further verify the results, we analyzed expression patterns and haplotype distributions of BnaA3.CYP77A4and BnaA3.NAC078 among the genetic population. This study performed a comprehensive multi-omics analysis on temperature-dependent germination and provides insights for low-temperature germination breeding of rapeseed.
00Mechanical, Structural, Electronic, Magnetic, and Thermomagnetic Properties of the Full-Heusler Fe 2 MnAs 1−x Si x alloy: DFT and Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Gharaibeh Maen , Almahmoud Amer , Almahmoud Ali , Obeidat Abdalla
Published: November 2024

The thermomagnetic, electronic, structural, and mechanical properties of the Fe2MnAs1 − xSix (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) full Heusler alloys were investigated using Monte Carlo simulation (MCs) and density functional theory (DFT). Both the pure and doped structures exhibit the L21 prototype, and there is a noticeable decline in the lattice parameter as the Si concentration increases. Electronic analysis was performed using Wien2k and the calculations were conducted using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method implementing various approximations including GGA-PBE, mBJ-GGA, GGA + U, and PBEsol (GGAsol). Studying exchange coupling parameters revealed that ferromagnetic states primarily arise from the interactions between Fe-Mn and Fe–Fe in both pure and doped structures. The resultant Curie temperature ranged from 215 K to 490 K by investigating the magnetic properties. Additionally, different mechanical properties such as Poisson’s ratio, linear compressibility, anisotropy parameter, shear, bulk, and Young’s modulus were examined for all the structures.
Research on the Removal of Organic Matter from NF Effluent by Activated Carbon Adsorption Combined with Ozone/Fenton Advanced Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Qian , Lin Yan , Jiang Lang , Tan Senwen , Liu Xilong
Published: November 2024

To address the issue of organic matter not meeting standards in membrane treatment of landfill leachate effluent, this study innovatively employed activated carbon adsorption combined with ozonation/Fenton advanced oxidation for treating organic matter in NF effluent. The focus was on examining the pre-treatment effectiveness of activated carbon adsorption, the optimal parameters for ozonation/Fenton advanced oxidation, treatment performance, and degradation mechanisms. The results indicated that after 1 hour of adsorption and sedimentation, the removal rate reached 25.3%. Compared to singular Fenton advanced oxidation and singular ozonation processes, the TOC removal rate using Fenton synergistic ozonation advanced oxidation improved by 48.1% and 14.1%, respectively. The optimal treatment conditions for Fenton synergistic ozonation advanced oxidation were: pH 5, ozone concentration of 100 mg/L, and an oxygen feed rate of 1 L/min. GC-MS analysis results showed a significant reduction in large molecular weight organic matter in the NF effluent after advanced oxidation treatment. Photometric detection verified that Fenton synergistic ozonation advanced oxidation effectively increased the yield of hydroxyl radicals (·OH). This study provides new insights for improving the treatment processes of landfill leachate, holding significant practical application value.
Use of various alcohols in the synthesis of foaming compositions and properties of polyimide foam materials based on them
Authors: Svetlichnyi Valentin , Polotnyanshchikov Konstantin , Vaganov Gleb , Ivanov Alexey , Ivankova Elena , Popova Elena , Myagkova Lyudmila , Yudin Vladimir
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of foaming prepolymers based on esterified dianhydride of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid in the presence of three alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane was carried out. The influence of the nature of the used alcohol on the duration of dianhydride esterification and on the properties of the formed polyimide foams was shown. The process of formation of diesters of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid and the structure of the resulting polyimide foams were investigated by IR spectroscopy. A comparative study of the mechanical and thermal properties of polyimide foams obtained using various alcohols was carried out. The structure of the obtained polyimide foams was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the use of methanol allows one to obtain more rigid foams, and ethanol - more elastic ones. The density of the synthesized foam materials ranged from 7.41 to 9.15 kg/m3, and the elastic modulus was equal to 39–120 kPa. All obtained foam samples demonstrate high heat resistance.
Earth’s core may have segregated at low pressure
Authors: Wade Jon , Wood Bernard
Published: November 2024

The current, widely accepted model of terrestrial accretion is that proto-Earth began as
a small reduced inner solar system body and grew by adding a mixture of reduced,
metal-rich and oxidised (outer solar system) metal-poor bodies with overall oxidation
state increasing during planetary growth(1,2). Core segregation took place
simultaneously with accretion at pressures which increased as the planet grew,
reaching values of 40 GPa, equivalent to >800 km depth (e.g.,1; 2). These extreme
pressures are required to explain the estimated partitioning of siderophile (iron-loving)
elements between core and mantle. Here we challenge this model and present an
alternative based on low pressure core segregation (0-3GPa) in the presence of the
most abundant mantle mineral, olivine. Olivine is a major mantle reservoir for Ni, the
element whose core-mantle partitioning behaviour best constrains the pressures of
core segregation. We construct our model Earth from a mixture of oxidised and reduced
bodies all of which segregate their cores at low pressure and show that, with the
addition of olivine we can explain the current core-mantle partitioning of Ni, Co, V, Cr,
W, Mo and Nb. Importantly we propose tests which would show that pressures were
much higher than in our model.
Optical fiber sensor used for measuring the rotation angle of the disconnecting switch
Authors: Jing Zhang , Qingchuan Gu , Pu Wan , Yinxu Liu , Desheng Yang , Xin Li
Published: November 2024

In order to solve the problem that the traditional electronic angle sensor cannot be directly installed on the high voltage isolation switch for Angle measurement, a system for high voltage isolating le measurement is proposed. The switch rotation angle is converted to a straight line for measurement, and the rotation angle of the switch is calculated by photoelectric conversion technology. The light source fluctuation of the laser receiver causes the nonlinear output result of the laser receiver, which compensates for the light intensity received by the receiver in both hardware and software respectively. In the hardware aspect, a two-optical path receiving compensation method is proposed for compensation. In terms of software, the compensation method for sparrow search algorithm (SSA) (SSA-BP) is proposed to improve the detection accuracy. The experimental results show that the average absolute error decreased to 0.18 and 0.3 after the dual-path receiving compensation method and SSA-BP compensation.
Self-Interference Cancellation in Asynchronous Channel-Unaware Two-Way Relay Networks
Authors: Soleimanifard Ali , Bameri Salime , Abbasi-Moghadam Dariush
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we consider asynchronous channel-unaware two-way relay networks in which, two single-antenna sources exchange information through a multiple-antenna amplify and forward relay. These networks confront two challenges; the asynchronization of the received signals and existence of self-interference signals. To overcome these challenges, we propose a combination of a self-interference cancellation signalling scheme with an asynchronous detection scheme. This combination completely cancels the self-interference and the effect of asynchronization. To analyze the performance of the proposed scheme, we obtain an upper bound the pair wise error probability. This bound shows that, at high signal to noise ratios, the proposed scheme achieves non-zero diversity in contrast to its counterparts which are suffering from error floor and zero diversity. Moreover, it is shown that the coding gain increases with the number of relay antennas. This analytical results are confirmed by the numerical simulation results. Furthermore, power allocation between two sources and the relay is investigated numerically.
Analysis of the Dynamic Changes and Driving Factors of Energy and Carbon Flows in China from 2005 to 2021
Authors: Dai Longwei , Wang Shaohua , Ouyang Shengxiang
Published: November 2024

As global CO2 emissions continue to rise, understanding regional carbon flows and the factors driving these increases is vital for shaping effective emission reduction policies and advancing low-carbon economies. This study analyzes China's CO2 emissions from 2005 to 2021 using energy statistics and material flow analysis to construct carbon flow diagrams. Emissions were examined across energy supply, processing and conversion, and consumption sectors. The logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method was used to decompose CO2 emission growth into contributions from 10 driving factors. Key findings show that coal dominates China's energy supply, resulting in a uniform carbon structure. Electricity and heat production generate significant emissions in the processing sector, while residential consumption drives rising emissions across consumer sectors. The main positive drivers of CO2 emission growth were per capita GDP (22.62%), vehicle numbers (1.27%), and household income (2.58%), while energy intensity in production (-9.60%) and residential sectors (-1.32%) were major negative drivers. This research provides empirical and theoretical support for China's "dual carbon strategy".
Establishment and application of Recombinase-aided amplification combined with LbCas12a for the rapid detection of Karenia brevis
Authors: Wu Yinsheng , Chen Enhua , Sun Bingshun , Chen Jianming , Wang Lu
Published: November 2024

Species of the Karenia genus are widely distributed in global waters and frequently cause harmful algal blooms (HABs), posing significant threats to coastal ecosystems, aquaculture, and human safety. Among them, Karenia brevis is one of the most extensively studied species due to its production of brevetoxins, which are highly toxic to marine life and can adversely impact public health. In this study, we developed a rapid detection method that combines Recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) with CRISPR/LbCas12a, aimed at the precise identification of K. brevis. Specific RAA primers and crRNAs were designed based on the highly variable regions of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of K. brevis. After screening multiple RAA primer pairs and crRNAs, the optimal combination was identified, ensuring both high efficiency and specificity of the detection system. For field application, two detection modes were employed: fluorescence-based (FQ) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD), along with a simple and rapid DNA extraction method. Sensitivity tests demonstrated that the detection limit of this method was 5.9 × 10³ copies/µL for plasmid DNA and 1 cell/mL for live cells. Environmental water samples collected during a HAB event in Lianjiang, Fujian Province, in May 2024, tested negative for K. brevis using the RAA-CRISPR/LbCas12a system. However, two other Karenia species—Karenia mikimotoi and Karenia longicanalis—were identified through ITS fragment amplification, cloning sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In spiked experiments where K. brevis was introduced into natural water samples, the RAA-CRISPR/LbCas12a system accurately detected its presence. Overall, the RAA-CRISPR/LbCas12a detection system demonstrated excellent sensitivity, specificity and operational simplicity, making it a promising tool for rapid field detection of K. brevis and potentially suitable for broader applications in HAB monitoring.
Root colonization of endophytic Trichoderma virens as a biological control for oil palm using SGFP reporter gene
Authors: Mohamed-Azni Intan Nur Ainni , Angel Lee Pei Lee , Sirajuddin Salwa Abdullah , Sundram Shamala
Published: November 2024

Trichoderma virens 7b and 159c, are endophytes isolated from the roots of the oil palm. Both isolates are potential biological control agent that acts as a protective root shield against Ganoderma basal stem rot (BSR) disease. To investigate its mechanism in vivo, T. virens 7b and 159c were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, AGL1 strain carrying vector pCAMBgfp containing hygromycin (HygB) resistance cassette and synthetic green fluorescent protein (SGFP) gene. The putative transformed colonies were screened using SGFP-forward and SGFP-reverse primers that generated an amplicon of ~ 750 bp. Restriction analysis using SalI generated three fragments sized ~ 9700 bp, ~ 2865 bp and ~ 1435 bp, confirming the presence of the desired genes. Trichoderma virens 7b and 159c harbouring the SGFP gene were selected on PDA media supplemented with 175 µg/ml and 150 µg/ml Hygromycin B (HygB), respectively. Inoculation of transformed T. virens into the roots of 3-month-old oil palm tissue culture ramets showed positive colonization of the fungus examined under light microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). These findings suggest that the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of T. virens carrying the SGFP reporter gene can be used to monitor the colonization and detection of this beneficial biological control agent in the oil palm root system.
Reduction of Hospital-Acquired Infections at Surgical Clinics by Hand Hygiene Predictors
Authors: MARINKOVIC Mirjana , DJORDJEVIC Miodrag , DJORDJEVIC Vukica , KARANIKOLIC Vesna , NOVAK Sonja , PERIŠIĆ Jelena
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to explore hand hygiene compliance risk factors at surgical clinics of the University Clinical Center Niš in Serbia, addressing a significant research gap in global efforts to prevent hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
Methods
The research was conducted in four phases. Initially, a qualitative observational approach was integrated into the infection control protocol based on the World Health Organization’s “Five Moments for Hand Hygiene.” An anonymous survey using the WHO’s “Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire for Health-Care Workers” was conducted. The third phase involved examining the interplay between leadership qualities and job satisfaction among staff using the Leadership Trait Questionnaire and the Job Satisfaction Survey. The final phase analyzed various operational parameters of the surgical clinics. A descriptive study was conducted from August to September 2023, covering 500 healthcare professionals in surgery clinics and related intensive care units, utilizing a mixed-method approach with the WHO-standardized Hand Hygiene Questionnaire.
Results
The study found a statistically significant difference in hand hygiene compliance scores between different organizational units and professions. There was a significant correlation between the leader’s rating and the type of hand hygiene method used, as well as between job satisfaction and the practice of removing gloves for examination.
Conclusion
Key recommendations include developing a comprehensive educational initiative to promote hand hygiene, supported by a robust promotional campaign. Additionally, enhancing the leadership qualities of managerial staff is crucial for improving hand hygiene practices.
The Random Neural Network – based Approach and Evolutionary Intelligence are integral components ofIOT – RNNEI, an intrusion detection system for IOT Networks
Authors: RAHMANI PARISA , AREFI MOHAMAD , SHOJAE SEYYED MOHAMMAD SABER SEYYED , MIRZAEE ASHRAF
Published: November 2024

Over the past few years, there has been significant research on the Internet of Things (IOT), with a major challenge being network security and penetration. Security solutions require careful planning and vigilance to safeguard system security and privacy. Adjusting the weights of neural networks has been shown to improve detection accuracy to some extent. In attack detection, the primary goal is to enhance the precision of attack detection using machine learning techniques. The paper details a fresh approach for adjusting weights in the random neural network to recognize attacks. Reviews of the method under consideration indicate better performance than random neural network methods, Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Up to 99.49% accuracy has been achieved in attack detection, while the random neural network method has improved to 99.01%. The amalgamation of the most effective approaches in these experiments through a multi-learning model led to an accuracy improvement to 99.56%. The proposed model required less training time compared to the random neural network method.
The relationship between Intrinsic Capacity and Functional Ability in older adults
Authors: Ahmadi Somayeh , Afshar Pouya Farokhnezhad , Malakouti Kazem , Azadbakht Mojtaba
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Intrinsic Capacity in integrated geriatric care emphasizes the importance of a thorough functional assessment. Monitoring the intrinsic capacity of older individuals provides standardized and reliable information to prevent or delay disability. This study assessed the relationship between intrinsic capacity and functional ability in older adults.
Method
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 210 older individuals aged 60 and above referred to Rasoul Akram Hospital. Data collection included ADL and IADL scales, the Snellen chart, the Hearing Handicap Inventory, the hand dynamometer, the TUG test, the AMT test, and the GDS. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software v.26 via independent t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.
Results
The participants were 70.13 ± 7.04 years. 57.6% were older women and 42.4% were older men. Age showed a significant and inverse correlation with both ADL (P < 0.001, r = -0.23) and IADL (P < 0.001, r = -0.39). The adjusted coefficient of determination (R²) for the five domains of intrinsic capacity (sensory, cognitive, locomotion, psychological, vitality) as well as age and BMI was 0.16 for ADL and 0.32 for IADL.
Conclusion
Age, vision, and locomotion were identified as predictors of ADL, while vision, handgrip strength, cognition, and age were predictive factors of IADL. Therefore, evaluating age, vision, handgrip strength, cognition, and locomotion can help predict functional ability.
Trends of asthma mortality in China, 2008-2021
Authors: Su Hang , Hua Wen , Bao Wuping , Xu Zichong , Zhang Xue , Zhao Lei , Han Lei , Xue Yishu , Shen Huahao , Zhang Min
Published: November 2024

Background
Few studies have explored asthma mortality trends in China over the past decade. This study examines these trends across all age groups in China from 2008 to 2021, utilizing a nationally database.
Methods
This population-based study utilized DSPs data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2008–2021) to determine asthma mortality rates per 100,000 individuals. The spearman test assessed trends, while simple linear regression explored the potential association between air pollutant levels, socioeconomic factors and asthma mortality.
Results
The crude mortality rate of asthma in China (2008–2021) generally decreased, especially in the elderly (33.8% decline), but increased in individuals aged 15–19 in recent years. Mortality rates peaked around 2015 and then declined annually. Geographically, the most substantial decline rate was observed in the eastern region (10.5% decline), followed by the central region (8.1% decline). However, the decline rate in the western region was less pronounced and even displayed an upward trend, particularly in urban areas. During the 2020–2021 COVID-19 pandemic period, the mortality rate stabilized. A significant correlation was found between elderly mortality rates and changes in air quality, but not observed in younger individuals.
Conclusions
The asthma mortality rate in China has experienced a comprehensive decline over the past decade. However, rates in certain groups, like the elderly and those in western China, remained higher than the global average, while in the youth population a slight upward trend was observed. Addressing these disparities is crucial for future efforts.
Loss of phytochromobilin synthase activity leads to larger seeds with higher protein content in soybean
Authors: Su Xin , Wang Hao-Rang , Zhang Yong , Hong Hui-Long , Sun Xu-hong , Wang Lei , Song Ji-Ling , Yang Meng-Ping , Yang Xing-Yong , Han Ying-Peng , Qiu Li-juan
Published: November 2024

Seed weight is an important agronomic trait that is related to seed size and determines yield in soybean (Glycine max). We previously identified a spontaneous soybean mutant with light green leaves called ygl2. Here, we cloned YGL2, which encodes a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase involved in synthesizing the chromophore of the photoreceptor phytochrome. The lesion in ygl2 is a 10-bp deletion, causing a frameshift mutation and a premature stop codon that truncates the encoded protein. In contrast to the wild type, ygl2 lacks PΦB synthase activity and function. This appears to promote cell expansion, thus increasing seed weight. Surprisingly, the ygl2 mutant also exhibits excellent traits including early maturity and high protein content. Moreover, under the condition of dense planting (3cm), the yield of YGL2 mutant was significantly increased. Mutants harboring ygl2 mutations that we generated via gene editing had enlarged seeds with high protein content. Moreover, the expression levels of the photoperiod sensitive genes (E1, FT2a, FT5a) were lower in the ygl2 mutant than in the wild type in the mutant. Mutating the YGL2 gene resulted in increased biliverdin content and decreased heme content. We determined that Lhcb4, a chlorophyll a/b binding protein in photosystem II, interacts with YGL2 but not with the mutant version of the protein. We thus identified a mutation in a PΦB synthase gene that enhances seed weight in soybean, providing a promising breeding target for this important crop.