bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uveal metastasis arising from thyroid neoplasms: A case study synthesis
Authors: Abdollahi Mirsaeed , Nateghian Hooman , Sobhi Navid , Abdshah Alireza , Jafarizadeh Ali
Published: March 2024

Purpose

We systematically reviewed the case report literature to identify cases of uveal metastases originating from thyroid cancer (TC), evaluate factors and indications in uveal metastases from TC, and provide clinical insights through recent case studies.

Methods

Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases were searched for case reports or series reporting uveal metastasis from a thyroid neoplasm. Articles published in any language from inception through November 2022 were searched and screened independently by two reviewers. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports.

Results

A total of 1049 records were screened, resulting in the identification of 46 cases from 43 studies. The mean (SD) age at uveal metastases diagnosis was 58.44 (±17.99) years with the median (interquartile range) of 56.5 (29.75) (range, 20–83 years), with 34.8% of cases (16/46) cases reported in elderly patients (>64 years). The sample consisted of 56.5% (26/46) male patients. Uveal metastases were observed in the right eye in 16 cases, the left eye in 19 cases, and both eyes in 11 cases. Choroidal involvement was present in 84.8% of cases (39/46) cases. Papillary carcinoma was the most common thyroid cancer type (34.8%, 16/46), followed by follicular carcinoma (32.6%, 15/46), and medullary carcinoma (21.7%, 10/46).

Conclusion

Uveal metastases have been observed to appear in metastatic TC, and physicians should approach ocular symptoms cautiously in cases that accompany a neck mass or a history of previous TC.
Alveolar Microlithiasis with Mild Clinical Symptoms But Severe Imaging Findings: A Case Report
Authors: Hoseininia Saeed , Salimi Maryam , Salmani Asma , Jannati Rona , Negaresh Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare genetic disorder that causes calcium phosphate microliths to form in the alveoli. Symptoms usually appear in a person’s third or fourth decade of life. A definitive diagnosis does not always demand a lung biopsy but can be achieved in families with more than one member with PAM and compatible chest imaging. We present the case of a 47-year-old woman referred to us for shortness of breath. Chest imaging revealed bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities, interlobar fissure calcification, and subpleural linear calcifications, leading to a diagnosis of PAM. Although there is no specific treatment for this condition, early diagnosis can help prevent it from progressing rapidly by avoiding exposure to risk factors.
Smoking as a Risk Factor for Very Late Recurrence in Surgically Resected Early-Stage Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cho Wei-Ru , Wang Chih-Chi , Tsai Mu-Jung , Lin Chih-Che , Yen Yi-Hao , Chen Chien Hung , Kuo Yuan-Hung , Yao Chih-Chien , Hung Chao-Hung , Huang Pao-Yuan , Liu An-Che , Tsai Ming-Chao
Published: March 2024

Background:

The risk of first recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within years 5 to 10 after curative hepatectomy remains unknown. We aimed to assess the incidence and prognostic factors for very late recurrence among patients who achieved 5 years’ recurrence-free survival (RFS) after primary resection.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 337 patients with early-stage HCC underwent primary tumor resection and achieved more than 5 years’ RFS.

Results:

A total of 77 patients (22.8%) developed very late recurrence. The cumulative very late recurrence rate increased from 6.9% and 11.7% to 16.6% at 6, 7, and 8 years, respectively. Patients stopped smoking had a higher rate of very late RFS.

Conclusions:

The high rates of very late recurrence in HCC indicate that patients warrant continued surveillance, even after 5 recurrence-free years. Moreover, smoking is a risk factor for very late HCC recurrence, and quitting smoking may reduce the risk of very late recurrence.
Tourists’ perceptions of the competitive destination
Authors: Xu Jing (Bill) , McKercher Bob , Ho Pamela Sau-ying
Published: March 2024

Much of the work on destination competitiveness adopts a supply-side perspective that ignores how tourists perceive competitiveness. This paper examines destination competitiveness from the tourist's perspective, by assessing factors they feel make a destination appealing and, in a post-COVID-19 world, safe. Focus groups and personal interviews were conducted with 73 participants from mainland China and Hong Kong. Content analysis revealed four classes of competitive destinations. Ideal destinations are both appealing and safe, and thus highly competitive. Mundane destinations are somewhat competitive due to their perceived safety but lack of unique appeal. Enigmatic destinations are somewhat uncompetitive because of safety concerns, even though they have a certain amount of appeal. Fiasco destinations are very uncompetitive, because they are seen to be unappealing and unsafe. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
Active tracking measures: Providing targets for youth alcohol use and health behavior interventions
Authors: Abar Caitlin C , Thomson Bonnie Rose , Miley Allison , Halter Nathan , Turner Shaday , Jones Vanity , Sarra Sharon
Published: March 2024

This study seeks to use examine the utility of recently published, developmentally informed measures of parental active tracking for work on youth health behaviors. Information on parental active tracking and health behaviors were collected in six independent survey studies ( n’s = 157–408). A series of empirical questions regarding parental active tracking were examined. The recently published measures of parental active tracking in high school and college were shown to have sufficient internal consistency, to be well described by single latent factors, to be empirically distinct from helicopter parenting, to be inconsistently linked with youth risk behaviors, and to demonstrate closer linkages with youth substance use when accounting for parental motivations for tracking. The measures of parental active tracking employed provide face valid, psychometrically sound, and empirically supported indices for use examining parental influences during adolescence and young adulthood.
Performance evaluation of cable-stayed bridge expansion joints based on Lasso dimensionality reduction and temperature-displacement-correlation model
Authors: Xiao Tugang , Hong Yu , Xu Jingye , Pu Qianhui , Wen Xuguang
Published: March 2024

Expansion joints play a crucial role in accommodating the longitudinal movement of the main beam, which is mainly caused by temperature variation. This paper establishes an accurate model that relates the temperature field of the main beam to the displacement of the expansion joint, enabling reliable performance prediction and early warning of the expansion joint. Firstly, three commonly used methods for characterizing the temperature field of the main beam are introduced, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, a novel method is proposed using the Lasso algorithm to calculate critical temperatures. The objective is to select temperature channels data that have significant impact on the longitudinal displacement of the main beam. The selected channels data is then linearly weighted based on feature importance to obtain critical temperature. Based on this, a precise relationship model between the main beam temperature and the expansion joint displacement is derived through regression. For the residual term in the model fitting, an expansion joint performance early warning procedure is developed based on the X-bar control chart. Finally, using one-year long-term monitoring data from a newly constructed cable-stayed bridge as an example, the proposed method demonstrates superior capability in predicting the predefined damage of the expansion joint compared to the other two commonly used methods.
Effect of bio nanofiller in influencing the carbon and E-glass fabric reinforced composites
Authors: Kar Sasmita , Behera Saismita , Bhoi Sandeep , Pattnaik Sarojrani , Sutar Mihir Kumar
Published: March 2024

The exceptional mechanical properties, dimensional stability and low cost of production of textile composites have made them quite popular in recent years. In the present analysis, plain woven inter, intra and hybrid carbon and E-glass fibre reinforced composites incorporated with or without nano-coconut shell ash (CSA) as filler were manufactured by hand lay-up method. The mechanical and thermal properties were determined for the manufactured composites. Simultaneously, the fractographic study was conducted by scanning electron microscopy to predict the different kind of failures in composites. The mechanical properties of the composites were found to be significantly better when 2 wt.% of CSA was substituted in it. The inter-hybrid composite containing 2 wt.% nanofiller demonstrated the highest tensile strength of 245.96 MPa, flexural strength of 496.03 MPa and maximum degradation temperature with weight change of 81.08%. A combination of intra- and inter-hybrid woven composite revealed the highest impact resistance of 3.3 J. The pseudo-ductile performance of intra-hybrid composites is also distinctly observed, showing moderate tensile stress of 299.376 MPa and maximum elongation of 5.137 mm. The current scientific effort makes it clear that the greatest tensile strength was obtained by positioning carbon fibres inside and the glass fibres outside. The surface proximity and diffusion of nanofillers in the composites further enhanced their tensile properties. Shear dispersion also led to maximum energy absorption without the need for nanofiller in case of combination of intra- and inter-woven fibre composites.
The social regulation of inter-SME relations: Norms shaping SMEs relationships in Nigeria
Authors: Omeihe Kingsley Obi , Omeihe Ibiyemi
Published: March 2024

A field study involving 35 institutionally constrained small and medium enterprises (SMEs) was conducted to investigate how entrepreneurs operating in developing economies draw on norms in the absence of formal institutional support. Employing a qualitative approach, our findings revealed that the institutional logics perspective, which presupposes an understanding of entrepreneurial behaviour, provided insights into many of the decisions observed within the SMEs. Our interview data revealed how a variety of culturally specific norms, including those influenced by kinship, religion and trade associations, played a pivotal role in structuring market-oriented economic activities. Central to our contribution is the concept that norms play a crucial role in enforcing trade agreements. This suggests that in situations where actors cannot rely on formal institutional arrangements, norms not only limit opportunistic behaviour but also foster trust within networks. Our paper makes a significant contribution to the field of entrepreneurship by addressing issues related to norms and SMEs within economic-institutional contexts that have been largely overlooked.
Empowering the marginalised: Exploring the potential of Theatre of the Oppressed as an intervention for youth offenders in social work practice
Authors: Puvaneyshwaran David
Published: March 2024

There is limited literature of the usage of Theatre of the Oppressed within Social work practice. In this study, a group of youth offenders (n  =  9) and three social workers known to a Social Service Agency participated in a 9-week Theatre of the Oppressed workshop, consisting of activities aimed to raise critical consciousness. The workshop eventually culminated in a Forum Theatre performance, put up to an invited audience (n  =  17). Data was collected throughout the workshop and performance and analyzed using an arts-based method. A focus group discussion was also held with the youths and the social workers separately at the end of the program.

Findings

Data revealed that the Theatre of the Oppressed games and activities built solidarity among the youths, although the cultural subgroups of the youths played a part. There was also a general increase of awareness and understanding of power and privilege, and an ownership of the issues that they were experiencing. While the youths felt empowered by the process of designing the script and sharing their stories, the actual medium of performing in front of a group and the power differential with the audience members was seen to have created a negative experience for them.

Applications

This study provides an idea of the impacts of Theatre of the Oppressed within group work settings, for marginalized youth offenders. Through the carefully curated activities, social workers may be able to tap on Boal’s techniques as a way to build rapport, raise critical consciousness, and empower these youths.
Increased community engagement of Indigenous Peoples in dementia research leads to higher context relevance of results
Authors: Kjerland Tonya M , Schroeder Shawnda , Tofaeono Va’atausili , Walls Melissa , Gone Joseph P
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Health research that focuses on Indigenous Peoples must ensure that the community in question is actively engaged, and that the results have context relevance for Indigenous Peoples. Context relevance is “the benefits, usability, and respectful conduct of research from the perspective of Indigenous communities.” The purpose of this study was to apply two tools within an already-published scoping review of 76 articles featuring research on cognitive impairment and dementia among Indigenous Peoples worldwide. One tool assessed levels of community engagement reported in the corpus, and the other tool assessed the context relevance of recommendations in the corpus. We hypothesized that research with higher levels of reported community engagement would produce recommendations with greater context relevance for Indigenous Peoples.

Methods

We employed semi-structured deductive coding using two novel tools assessing levels of reported community engagement and context relevance of recommendations based on studies included in the existing scoping review.

Results

Application of the two tools revealed a positive relationship between increasing community engagement and greater context relevance. Community engagement primarily occurred in studies conducted with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis populations in Canada and with Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Research with Alaska Native, American Indian, and Native Hawaiian Peoples in the USA stood out for its comparative lack of meaningful community engagement.

Discussion

There is opportunity to utilize these tools, and the results of this assessment, to enhance training and mentorship for researchers who work with Indigenous populations. There is a need to increase investigator capacity to involve communities throughout all phases of research, particularly in the pre-research stages.
Introduction to the Symposium Conspiracism and Democracy: New Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: Bonotti Matteo , Nwokora Zim
Published: March 2024

This Introduction outlines the rationale for the symposium by providing an overview of the main information pathologies that are increasingly affecting liberal democratic polities, including misinformation, disinformation, fake news, rumours, and conspiracism. It then zooms in on Russell Muirhead and Nancy L. Rosenblum’s (2019) book A Lot of People Are Saying: The New Conspiracism and the Assault on Democracy, from which this symposium takes inspiration and outlines its key argument. Finally, the Introduction provides a brief summary of the articles in the symposium, explaining their contribution to debates on conspiracism and on other key areas of research in contemporary political theory and political science.
Research on garment thickness simulation based on dynamic multi-layer spring-mass model and fiber properties
Authors: Qin Shengwei , Duan Songshuang
Published: March 2024

In prevailing simulations of garment thickness, typically characterized by uniform pressure filling, variations in thickness across different sections of the garment are commonly not addressed, and the aspect of elasticity is regularly omitted. In this paper, the garment thickness is simulated by constructing a multi-layer spring-mass model, where the garment thickness is determined by the fabric properties, for example, cotton, pink ribbon brown, royal target, etc. Specifically, the spring coefficients of the multi-layer spring-mass model represent the garment thickness, which is obtained by computing the physicochemical properties of the fabric through a heat transfer equation. Meanwhile, the fabric properties also determine the upper and lower limits of the garment thickness (i.e. the limitation of spring deformation), which can be simulated as a single-layer garment or garment with thickness. With computer simulation verification, fabric properties and the multi-layer spring-mass model can simulate single-layer, multi-layer, and garments with different thicknesses. The simulation effects are similar to those of real-world garments.
Exploring the moderation role of teacher cultural value profiles on the association between transformational leadership and teacher job satisfaction: Evidence from Turkish education context
Authors: Sezgin Ferudun , Kılınç Ali Çağatay , Özdemir Servet , Özdemir Nedim , Erdoğan Onur
Published: March 2024

This study aims to identify teachers’ cultural value profiles and to investigate how each profile moderates the empirical link between principal transformational leadership and teacher job satisfaction. Gathering data from a sample of 1062 teachers in 113 elementary and lower secondary schools in Türkiye, this cross-sectional study conducted latent profile analysis with moderation modelling to measure the structural links between study variables. Results showed that the sampled teachers were categorized under four profiles: decisive and participatory culture, flexible collaboration culture, rule-oriented culture, and respectful authority culture. The study also provided evidence of the significant moderator role of cultural values profiles on the association between transformational leadership and job satisfaction with the work environment and the profession. We provide implications for policy and practice.
Sensitivity of the Boston criteria version 2.0 in Dutch-type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: van der Zwet RGJ , Koemans EA , Voigt S , van Dort R , Rasing I , Kaushik K , van Harten TW , Schipper MR , Terwindt GM , van Osch MJP , van Walderveen MAA , van Etten ES , Wermer MJH
Published: March 2024

Background and aim:

The revised Boston criteria v2.0 for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) add two radiological markers to the existing criteria: severe visible perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in a multispot pattern. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of the updated criteria in mutation carriers with Dutch-type hereditary CAA (D-CAA) in an early and later disease stage.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, we included presymptomatic and symptomatic D-CAA mutation carriers from our prospective natural history study (AURORA) at the Leiden University Medical Center between 2018 and 2021. 3-Tesla scans were assessed for CAA-related magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers. We compared the sensitivity of the Boston criteria v2.0 to the previously used modified Boston criteria v1.5.

Results:

We included 64 D-CAA mutation carriers (mean age 49 years, 55% women, 55% presymptomatic). At least one white matter (WM) feature was seen in 55/64 mutation carriers (86%: 74% presymptomatic, 100% symptomatic). Fifteen (23%) mutation carriers, all presymptomatic, showed only WM features and no hemorrhagic markers. The sensitivity for probable CAA was similar between the new and the previous criteria: 11/35 (31%) in presymptomatic mutation carriers and 29/29 (100%) in symptomatic mutation carriers. The sensitivity for possible CAA in presymptomatic mutation carriers increased from 0/35 (0%) to 15/35 (43%) with the new criteria.

Conclusion:

The Boston criteria v2.0 increase the sensitivity for detecting possible CAA in presymptomatic D-CAA mutation carriers and, therefore, improve the detection of the early phase of CAA.
Revisiting the gap between ideals and realities within restorative justice: Experiences from the Norwegian youth justice reform
Authors: Andrews Therese Marie , Eide Ann Kristin
Published: March 2024

In this article, attention is paid to understanding how the principle of restorative justice is operationalised and works within a context such as the Norwegian youth justice reform. The study reveals a distinct gap between ideals and practical realities. This gap is elaborated on and discussed within various perspectives on restorative justice. By this, the article adds both to international literature on the subject and to debates on limitations of this principle within youth justice. The article also adds important experiences from restorative justice used as part of a penal regime for youth offenders.
The impact of emotional intelligence on project success: Mediating role of team cohesiveness and moderating role of organizational culture
Authors: Watanabe Woramol Chaowarat , Shafiq Muhammad , Nawaz M. Javid , Saleem Irfan , Nazeer Sonia
Published: March 2024

This study set out to determine how Emotional Intelligence (EI) impacts the success of construction projects. This study showed that organisational culture has a role in moderating the relationship between team cohesion and project success, and its significance in this regard was also examined. Workers on several construction projects in Pakistan were contacted and provided information for this study. The data was analysed utilising the regression analysis in SPSS and partial least squares in SMART PLS, and it has been found that emotional intelligence significantly influences project success. Relationships between emotional intelligence and project success are both favourable and statistically significant. Emotionally astute colleagues can help teams to build stronger bonds with one another. Furthermore, the organisational culture positively and significantly impacts the relationship between a successful project and a cohesive team.
Early Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy for Acute Dacryocystitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Jihong , Sun Changling
Published: March 2024

Objective

The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the outcomes of early endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with delayed DCR in the treatment of acute dacryocystitis (AD).

Methods

A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted up to November 11, 2023. Data synthesis was performed using Review Manager 5.4, and forest plots were generated for each outcome measure. Potential publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test.

Results

Six studies involving 288 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the success rate of early endonasal DCR was comparable to that in the delayed DCR group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81-2.85, P = .19). Furthermore, in comparison with the delayed DCR group, early endonasal DCR significantly reduced the time for medial canthus swelling resolution (mean differences [MD] = −4.92, 95% CI: −5.46 to 4−.37, P < .00001) and complete resolution of symptoms (MD = −17.70, 95% CI: −23.88 to −11.52, P < .00001).

Conclusion

Primary early endonasal DCR seems to be a promising and favorable approach for managing AD with comparable efficacy and faster relief of symptoms compared to conventional delayed DCR.
Endoscopic and Radiologic Central Compartment Disease as Predictors of Perennial Inhalant Allergen Sensitization in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lau Linus , Low Terese , Ong Yew Kwang , Xu Xinni
Published: March 2024

Background

Central compartment atopic disease (CCAD) is a recently described variant of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) strongly associated with atopy. The association between central compartment disease (CCD) and inhalant allergy is not well established in South-East Asia, where perennial allergic rhinitis is common.

Objectives

The primary objective was to evaluate endoscopic and radiologic CCD as predictors of perennial allergen sensitization in primary CRS. The secondary objective was to compare clinical characteristics of CCAD with other CRS subtypes (CRSwNP and CRSsNP).

Methods

A retrospective study of consecutive patients with primary CRS who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery at our institution was performed. Allergen sensitization was confirmed by skin or serum testing. Endoscopy records and computed tomography scans of paranasal sinuses were reviewed for CCD. The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic and radiologic CCD in predicting atopy was calculated.

Results

There were 104 patients (43 CCAD, 30 CRSwNP and 31 CRSsNP). Endoscopic CCD was significantly associated with aeroallergen sensitization (odds ratio (OR) 3.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65-9.67, P = 0.002). Endoscopic CCD predicted atopy with 57% sensitivity, 72% specificity, 69% positive predictive value and positive likelihood ratio of 2.05. Radiologic CCD was not associated with aeroallergen sensitization (OR 0.728, 95%CI 0.292-1.82, P = 0.496). There were more CCAD patients who reported hyposmia (86% vs 42%, P < 0.001) and had anosmia on olfactory testing than CRSsNP (65% vs 14%, P = 0.015). The prevalence of atopy was significantly higher in CCAD than CRSwNP and CRSsNP (70% vs 37% and 42%, P = 0.015 and P = 0.05, respectively). Median serum total immunoglobulin E was higher in CCAD (283 IU/ml) and CRSwNP (127 IU/ml) than CRSsNP (27 IU/ml, P = 0.006 and P = 0.042, respectively).

Conclusions

Endoscopic CCD was a better predictor of inhalant allergy than radiologic CCD in primary CRS, in a locale of perennial allergic rhinitis.
A meta-analytic integration of the faultlines literature
Authors: Thatcher Sherry M.B. , Meyer Bertolt , Kim Youngsang , Patel Pankaj C.
Published: March 2024

Reviewing over 20 years of faultlines research, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 168 studies from 162 papers with a sample size of 24,953 teams. Dormant faultlines are positively and significantly related to conflict and activated faultlines, but contrary to widespread beliefs, not directly related to team performance or team satisfaction. Further, the negative effects of dormant faultlines hinge on their activation; activated faultlines mediate the relationship between dormant faultlines on the one hand, and conflict, information elaboration, team performance, and team satisfaction on the other. However, when controlling for the effect of activated faultlines, there are positive effects of dormant faultlines on information elaboration. The relationship between dormant faultlines and activated faultlines was more pronounced when dormant faultlines were based on demographic attributes. Additionally, dormant faultlines were negatively related to team performance when teams were not top management or board teams and when studies were conducted in labs. We synthesize these results to provide a robust agenda for future research on team faultlines.
Life fits home: Exploring people's experience with a COVID-19 tracing app in Turkey through a qualitative study
Authors: Alan Alper
Published: March 2024

Mobile apps have been developed to manage COVID-19 in many countries. However, for these apps to be truly effective, they need to be widely adopted by society. To date, there has been less qualitative research on user experiences and perspectives on these apps. The goal of this study was to explore how users perceive and use different features of a COVID-19 tracing app provided in Turkey. Semi-structured interviews ( n = 15) were conducted over the phone, audio recorded, and then transcribed verbatim. The transcriptions were analyzed through thematic analysis. The analysis began by categorizing each transcript at the sentence level through open codes, which then grouped into broader themes. In total, 8 male and 7 female participants from 10 different cities took part in the interviews. On average, participants were 32 years ( SD = 6.8) old, and their app usage experience was 9.8 months ( SD = 3.1). Thematic analysis revealed five key themes: long-term adoption and engagement, perception and desired features, privacy concerns, reliability, and emotional and behavioral impact. The main reasons for users to download and use the app were to check the COVID-19 density map in their region and to access personal health codes for security checks. The COVID-19 density map caused many users to change where they usually travel and shop. Most participants felt comfortable sharing their personal data to collectively manage the pandemic. The majority found the app useful, stating that the app allows them to take precautions against the virus and therefore helps them feel good emotionally. Future contact tracing apps need to provide indicators to enable users to evaluate whether app use is making a difference in the pandemic.
Two out of every three pregnant women who gave birth in public health facilities of Tullo Woreda were dissatisfied with deliveries services, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Debelle Shasho , Gamachu Mulugeta , Deressa Alemayehu , Debella Adera , Eyeberu Addis , Ayana Galana Mamo , Birhanu Abdi , Zakaria Hamdi Fekredin , Reshid Fenan , Assefa Nega , Mussa Ibsa
Published: March 2024

Background:

The level of maternal satisfaction with delivery services significantly affects health service utilization among women. Ethiopia’s healthcare system and health facilities’ quality have not much improved, which may contribute to women’s generally poor levels of satisfaction and there was a limited study about client satisfaction on delivery services in the study area. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess level of maternal satisfaction with delivery service and its associated factors among women who gave birth in Tullo Woreda public health facilities, Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods:

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 September 2020 among 355 women who gave birth in Tullo Woreda public health facilities, Eastern Ethiopia Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire through a face-to-face interview and entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25. The prevalence was reported using a 95% confidence interval and summary measures. Predictors were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis model and reported using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of <0.05.

Results:

The overall satisfaction of mothers on delivery service was 33.5% (95% CI: 27.81, 39.13). Factors such as having no antenatal care (ANC) for the index pregnancy (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.56), women who came to health centers on foot (AOR = 0.17; CI: 0.04, 0.74) and by auto-rickshaw (AOR = 0.16; 95 % CI: 0.04, 0.64), mothers who did not satisfied with toilet service at the delivery room (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.86) and who were not satisfied with maternal drugs availability (AOR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.95) were predictors of maternal satisfaction.

Conclusions:

This study pointed out that only 33.5% of women were satisfied with delivery care services provided in public health facilities of the study area. Factors such as not having ANC, using foot and auto-rickshaw as means of transportation, availability of drugs, and toilets were predictor of maternal satisfactions. Awareness creation for the benefit of ANC follow-up and delivery in the health facilities and providing safe transportation during referral time may help mothers get a timely healthcare service, which may increase client satisfaction. The concerned entities must pay attention in timely availability of drugs and improving the toiles, which play a role in shaping and molding level of satisfaction of women.
Envisaging the intention and adoption of electronic health applications among middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Hayat Naeem , Al Mamun Abdullah , Gao Jingzu , Yang Qing , Hussain Wan Mohd Hirwani Wan
Published: March 2024

Technology plays a substantial role in our daily lives, and the spread of COVID-19 paves the way for the use of healthcare technologies to manage health in the comfort of our homes. Middle-aged and older adults face health issues and require instant healthcare advice and support. Electronic healthcare (EH) applications have emerged to facilitate middle-aged and older adults receiving healthcare support instantly while remaining in their homes. The present study empirically evaluates the intention and adoption of electronic health applications with the technological attributes of perceived compatibility, cost, product value, technology accuracy, privacy issues and health motivation among middle-aged and older adults from Malaysia. Moreover, this research examines the mediating effect of the intention to adopt EH applications between technology attributes and the adoption of EH applications. This study uses a cross-sectional method and employs an online survey to assemble quantitative data from 298 middle-aged and older Malaysian adults. It utilizes partial least squares structural equation modelling for data analysis. The data analysis reveals that perceived compatibility, cost, privacy, product value and health motivation significantly influenced the intention to use EH apps. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the intention to adopt EH apps significantly mediates the relationship between the perception of cost, personal privacy, product value, health motivation and adoption of EH apps. However, the intention to use EH apps insignificantly instigates their adoption. Finally, the study presents its implications, limitations and future research directions.
Factors of school choice in parents’ views: Why do parents choose the Piarist schools in Hungary?
Authors: Csíkos Csaba , Nagy Zita É , Török Réka , Guba András , Katona Miklós , Lázár László
Published: March 2024

This empirical study focuses on the factors of school parents’ school choice whose children just started to attend one of the Piarist (Catholic) Schools in Hungary. 270 parents completed an online questionnaire where the groups of questions concerned several facets of their beliefs and values. The results show how parental expectations and beliefs are organized, and how they related to the values manifested in the ‘Piarist spirit’. Both the transfer of religious values and secularized goals are very important for parents. Parents’ educational level and the type of settlement they live in have almost negligible role in explaining differences in answer patterns.
The Role of an Early Childhood Community Health Worker in Addressing Psycho-Social Needs in the Perinatal and Early Childhood Period
Authors: Moheize Sahar , Hsu Mandy , Matiz Luz Adriana , Peretz Patricia , Medina Kristy , Esteves Amanda , Meyer Dodi , Maletz Beth , Pineda Lucie , Berger-Jenkins Evelyn
Published: March 2024

Objective:

Addressing family psychosocial and mental health needs in the perinatal and early childhood period has a significant impact on long-term maternal and child health and is key to achieving health equity. We aimed to (1) describe and evaluate the role of an Early Childhood Community Health Worker (EC-CHW) to address psychosocial needs and improve psychosocial well-being for families in the perinatal period, and (2) examine factors associated with completion of goals.

Methods:

An EC-CHW program was modeled after an existing hospital CHW program for children with special healthcare needs and chronic disease. An evaluation was conducted using repeated measures to assess improvements in psychosocial outcomes such as family stress and protective factors after participating in the EC-CHW program. Linear regression was also used to assess factors associated with completion of goals.

Results:

Over a 21-month period (January 2019-September 2020), 161 families were referred to the EC-CHW. The most common reasons for referral included social needs and navigating systems for child developmental and behavioral concerns. There were high rates of family engagement in services (87%). After 6 months, families demonstrated statistically significant improvements in protective factors including positive parenting knowledge and social support. Only 1 key predictor variable, maternal depression, showed significant associations with completion of goals in the multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated the need for, and potential impact of an EC-CHW in addressing psychosocial and mental health needs in the perinatal period, and in a primary care setting. Impacts on protective factors are promising.
Competing Together, Nations Apart: Identity and Nationality at the 2023 World Baseball Classic
Authors: Arth Zachary W. , Pike Mackenzie P. , Gentile Patrick C. , Bruce Brandon , Capuano Daniel
Published: March 2024

The 2023 World Baseball Classic (WBC) featured over 600 players representing 20 countries. Due to relaxed eligibility requirements, over one quarter of the players represented countries that differed from their birth nation. Through the lens of Social Identity Theory, the guiding research question of this study asked how identity is enacted and discussed when player nationality either aligns or does not align with the country they represent in the WBC. All WBC games featured on Fox networks were analyzed and any phrase describing a player was transcribed and coded utilizing a performance, personality, and physicality taxonomy resulting in 5937 phrases attributed to 547 players. Results indicate that those with aligned birth countries and WBC teams were depicted more positively with a higher rate of comments about their talent, experience, and composure. Those with misaligned teams and nationalities were described in greater detail regarding their backgrounds and connection to their WBC team. U.S.-born players representing a different country received significantly more comments pertaining to their U.S. roots; the reverse was true for those born abroad as their birth countries were more often referenced when they aligned with their WBC team thus suggesting a degree of in- and out-grouping by the commentators.
Policy and Programming Towards Addressing Treatment Gaps in Adolescents Living with HIV: A Content Analysis of Policy and Programme Documents in Namibia
Authors: Munyayi Farai K. , van Wyk Brian E.
Published: March 2024

Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) face unique challenges resulting in persistent treatment gaps, particularly viral non-suppression. Country programs adopt policies, guidelines, and innovations, based on WHO recommendations and best practices from elsewhere. However, it is unclear to what extent these tools address the management of adolescents with viral non-suppression. We report on a review of guidelines for the provision of HIV services to ALHIV in Namibia. We conducted a systematic document review using Content Analysis and Thematic Analysis methodology, and the READ approach. We identified seven relevant policy documents, four of which somewhat addressed viral non-suppression (treatment gap) in ALHIV and outlined interventions to improve treatment outcomes in adolescents considering their lived experience and unique challenges. The persistent treatment gap may reflect policy implementation gaps in specifically addressing viral non-suppression. It may be worthwhile to leverage existing documents to develop specific operational guidance for ALHIV with unsuppressed viral loads.
Clinical Use of Tranexamic Acid in High Tibial Osteotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Zheshu , Li Lixun , Xie Peng , Gu Juyuan , Kang Kai , Zheng Xiaozuo
Published: March 2024

Background:

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) can cause postoperative hemorrhage. The use of tranexamic acid to reduce the hemorrhage is still controversial.

Purpose:

To investigate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in HTO.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, the authors conducted a comprehensive search of the Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Foreign Medical Literature Retrieval Service databases between their inception and January 1, 2023. All clinical studies comparing the use of tranexamic acid versus no tranexamic acid during HTO were collected. The primary outcome measures were hemoglobin decrease, drainage volume, and blood loss, and the secondary outcome measures were wound complications, blood transfusion, and postoperative thrombosis. All indicators were analyzed using meta-analysis software. Results were reported as mean differences or risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:

Of 152 initial results, 9 studies involving 908 patients were included. The tranexamic acid group had lower indicators for total blood loss, hemoglobin decrease, and total drainage volume ( P < .00001 for all). There were no differences between patients with versus without tranexamic acid in wound complications, including hematoma ( P = .21) or infection ( P = .18), nor were there any group differences in the prevalence of blood transfusion ( P = .21) or postoperative thrombosis ( P = .36).

Conclusion:

Tranexamic acid was able to effectively reduce postoperative hemorrhage in patients undergoing HTO without affecting the rates of wound complications, blood transfusion, or postoperative thrombosis.
Tibiofemoral Subluxation on Radiograph as a Predictor of Location and Size of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Knee
Authors: Rupp Marco-Christopher , Hochberger Felix , Berthold Daniel P. , Muench Lukas N. , Imhoff Andreas B. , Siebenlist Sebastian , Willinger Lukas
Published: March 2024

Background:

Lower limb malalignment has been associated with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). However, the location of the OCD lesion often is not concordant with the mechanical leg axis. Other potentially modifiable alignment parameters may influence the propensity for impingement of the femoral condyles.

Purpose:

To assess differences in lower limb alignment (LLA) and relative tibiofemoral position between patients with medial (MFC-OCD) or lateral OCD (LFC-OCD) of the femoral condyle.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients ≤30 years old who were diagnosed with unicondylar OCD between January 2010 and January 2020 were eligible for this study. Included were 55 patients (age, 20.8 ± 4.5 years)—46 with MFC-OCD and 9 with LFC-OCD. Preoperative standing long-leg radiographs were studied to obtain primary outcomes—including LLA and mechanical alignment analyses—and secondary outcomes—including knee joint obliquity angle; rotation angle; medial, central (c-subluxation), and lateral subluxation (L-subluxation) of the tibia relative to the femur in the coronal plane; and tibiofemoral joint line center distance (TFJCD).

Results:

With regard to primary outcomes, LLA was significantly different between MFC-OCD (1.7°± 3.1° varus) and LFC-OCD (2.7 ± 3.1° valgus) ( P < .001), and 78% (36/46) of patients with MFC-OCD had varus alignment, whereas 78% (7/9) of patients with LFC-OCD had valgus alignment ( P < 0.002). With regard to secondary outcomes, patients with MFC-OCD had a more medial tibial position in relation to the femur, with a significantly smaller rotation angle (5.6°± 2.4° vs 9.6°± 3.6°; P < .001), a smaller C-subluxation (7.2 ± 6.6 vs 14.9 ± 8.8 mm; P < .01), a smaller L-subluxation (2.3 ± 2.6 vs 4.4 ± 2.7 mm; P < .05), and reduced TFJCD (3.5 ± 1.7 vs 6.6 ± 1.8 mm; P < .001) compared with the LFC-OCD group. For patients with MFC-OCD, the size of the OCD was significantly correlated with C-subluxation ( r = 0.412; P = .006).

Conclusion:

LLA was significantly different according to OCD location. In patients with MFC-OCD, the tibia was subluxated medially, resulting in a change of joint geometry by approximation of the medial tibial eminence toward the medial femoral condyle, potentially causing excessive pressure overload and microtrauma of the cartilage. Interestingly, the extent of subluxation was correlated with OCD size.
Book review: Herman Tieken, The Asoka Inscriptions: Analysing a Corpus
Authors: Veluthat Kesavan
Published: March 2024

Herman Tieken, The Asoka Inscriptions: Analysing a Corpus (Delhi: Primus Books), 2023, xvi + 488 pp., ₹1,595 (Hb).
Resilience partially mediates the association between perceived social isolation and life satisfaction in people with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Chen Yen T , Hassett Afton L , Khanna Dinesh , Murphy Susan L
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) negatively affects quality of life, yet the factors influencing life satisfaction, a key aspect of well-being, remain unclear in this population. Social isolation is common in SSc, potentially linked to decreased life satisfaction, but the underlying mechanisms are unexplored. Resilience, a modifiable psychological resource, may act as a mediator in this relationship among people with SSc. This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived social isolation and life satisfaction and to investigate whether resilience mediates this relationship.

Methods:

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Social Isolation Short Form, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used to assess perceived social isolation, resilience, and life satisfaction. Linear regressions were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS.

Results:

Among 163 individuals with SSc who provided complete data at baseline (mean age = 54.7 ± 11.9 years), 47% had diffuse cutaneous SSc, and 57% had an early disease duration. Perceived social isolation was negatively associated with life satisfaction. Resilience partially mediated the association between perceived social isolation and life satisfaction in people with SSc.

Conclusions:

Findings revealed a significant association between perceived social isolation and life satisfaction and the mediating role of resilience in this association among people with SSc. Results suggest resilience may act as a protective mediator, counteracting the negative influence of perceived social isolation on life satisfaction. Findings support the promotion of social connection and resilience to enhance life satisfaction in people with SSc.

Clinical Trials Registration #:

NCT04908943