bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Complications After Esophageal Resection That Can Be Used as Inclusion Criteria for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: a Multi-Center Observational Study
Authors: Shi Bowen , Wang Xinyu , Zhao Yue , Fei Xiang , Zhu Ji , Yang Fu , Han Yudong , Chen Hezhong , Li Chunguang
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported as an indicator for poor prognosis in many cancers including esophageal cancer. However, the relationship between the NLR and postoperative complications after esophageal cancer resection remains unclear. At present, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) lacks an inclusion criteria. The aim of this study is to determine whether the preoperative NLR (preNLR) can predict complications after esophageal cancer resection, which could represent the criteria for ERAS. MethodsThis was a retrospective study on 171 patients who underwent esophagectomy at Hospital between November 2019 and November 2020(68 patients from Changhai Hospital, 65 patients from Shanghai General Hospital and 38 patients from Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to demonstrate that the preNLR could predict complications after esophagectomy. ResultsA preNLR cutoff value of 2.30 was identified as having the greatest ability to predict complications with a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 65%. Moreover, the Chi-squared test results showed that the preNLR was significantly associated with complications (x2=13.641, p<0.001), and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), p stage and preNLR were independent variables associated with the development of postoperative complications (p<0.05). ConclusionThe preNLR can predict complications after esophagectomy, and these predicted complications can represent the criteria for recruiting patients for ERAS.
Hormonal profile and haematological parameters of Wistar albino rats treated with methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Schleichera oleosa
Authors: Jose Sophy , Sinha M. P.
Published: February 2021

Background: The present study aims to study the Hormonal profile and haematological parameters of Wistar albino rats treated with methanolic and aqueous extracts of Schleichera oleosa.Result: The amount of RBC was found to be 9.6±0.057106/mm3, 9.7±0.0125, 106/ 9.5±0.003, 106/mm3 9.5±0.012 106/mm3 and 9.5±0.023 106/mm3. The amount of WBC was found to be 13.5±0.058 103/mm3,13.6±0.0113 103/mm3,13.7±0.021 103/mm3, 9.5±0.012 103/mm3 and 9.5±0.023 103/mm3. Platelets, 396±0.577 103/mm3, 395±0.03 103/mm3 , 397±0.042103/mm3 , 398±0.020103/mm3, and 397±0.011103/mm3 for controlled group, low dose of methanolic extract, high dose of methanolic extract, low dose of aqueous extract and high dose of aqueous extract respectively. The packed cell volume, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and amount of neutrophils, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes, Basophils and Monocytes were measured and no significant change was noticed. The amount of testosterone showed significant increase from 0.75± 0.024 pg/ mL (control) 2.96± 0.088 pg/ mL, 3.9± 0.14pg / mL, 1.85± 0.076 pg/ mL and 2.85± 0.074 pg/ mL.Conclusions: The study suggests that the prolonged treatment of Wistar rats with both low dose and high dose of methanolic as well as the aqueous extract of Schleichera oleosa is not toxic and they increased the amount of testosterone in the blood which is indicative of their testosterone enhancement.
Autophagy-Mediated Clearance of free Genomic DNA in the Cytoplasm Protects the Growth and Survival of Cancer Cells
Authors: Yao Mengfei , Wu Yaqian , Cao Yanan , Liu Haijing , Ma Ningning , Chai Yijie , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Hong , Nong Lin , Liang Li , Zhang Bo
Published: February 2021

Background: The cGAS (GMP-AMP synthase)-triggered senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in promotion of cancer progression has been extensively documented. However, the role of cGAS-mediated DNA autophagy is little evaluated in cancer cells.Methods: Immunofluorescence, senescence associated-β-galactosidase staining (SA-β-gal) and Western blot were performed to detect gene expression, distribution and phenotypes. PCR, IP-PCR, FISH, BrdU, Comet assay, coimmunoprecipitation, sucrose density gradient centrifugation were carried out to detect possible mechanisms. Trypan blue exclusion, Live/dead staining and MTS assay were to measure the cell viability. All analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8. Relationships were analyzed using t-tests. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. All statistical tests and P values were 2-sided, and the level of significance was set at <0.05 (*), <0.01 (**), <0.001 (***), or<0.0001 (****); ns indicates no significance.Results: Active DNA autophagy but not SASP activity could be detected in the BT-549 breast cancer cells with high micronucleus (MN). The selective autophagy of free genomic DNA in the cytoplasm is mediated by cGAS and usually coordinated with SQSTM1-mediated autophagy of ubiquitinated histones. Cytoplasmic DNA together with nuclear proteins derive from DNA replication-induced nuclear damage and MN collapse. The inhibition of DNA autophagy through either chemical inhibitors or genomic silencing of cGAS or SQSTM1 suppresses the growth and survival of cancer cells, while enhanced DNA damage increases the sensitivity to these inhibitors. Human cancer cells with either high DNA autophagy or enhancement of DNA damage are sensitive to inhibition of DNA autophagy.Conclusions: Our investigation revealed DNA autophagy in breast cancer cells with high MN formation. Autophagy of genomic DNA in the cytosol could be mediated by cGAS but is usually coordinated with other autophagic mediators. The selective autophagy mediated clearance of free genomic DNA protects of growth and survival cancer cells, and autophagic inhibition could be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer cells with high DNA autophagic activity.
Highly stable visible-light photocatalytic properties of black rutile TiO2 hydrogenated in ultrafast flow
Authors: Gao Junzheng , Zhang Jing , Huang Wanxia , Zheng Shuping , Shi Qiwu
Published: February 2021

The hydrogenation and introducing oxygen vacancies (VO) can lead to surface lattice-disorder in TiO2, which is a new form of TiO2 named black TiO2, with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity, but this TiO2 is easy to failure because oxidation makes the concentration of surface VO decrease rapidly in a short time. In this work, black TiO2 nanoparticles with VO almost concentrated inside nanoparticles were fabricated under ultrafast hydrogen flow. These bulk VO shortened the bandgaps of black TiO2, enhanced its visible light absorption, and meanwhile provided extremely strong stability. A series of characterization methods confirmed the location of VO, and degradation experiments on Cr6+ or rhodamine B demonstrated the good visible-light photocatalytic performance of our material. After 18 months of natural aging treatment (in the air), our samples showed no discoloration and maintained 89.5% photocatalytic efficiency, and further study exhibited that this black TiO2 also contained excellent acid-resistance and moderate alkaline-resistance. This work could help design lattice-disorder to obtain more stable and practical black TiO2.
Identification and mapping of CpPM10.1, a major gene involved in powdery mildew (race 2 France of Podosphaera xanthi) resistance in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: Wang Yunli , Qi Cong , Luo Yusong , Zhang Feng , Dai Zuyun , Li Man , Qu Shuping
Published: February 2021

Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases, reducing the productivity of Cucurbita crops globally. In the present study, the zucchini inbred line ‘X10’ had highly stable PM resistance at the key time of inoculation (6 hpi to 48 hpi), and ‘Jin234’ showed PM susceptible. Genetic analysis revealed that PM resistance in ‘X10’ is controlled by one major dominant locus, CpPM10.1 . Based on the strategy of QTL-seq combined with linkage analysis and the Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) method, CpPM10.1 was located in a 382.9 kb region on chromosome 10. Using 1,400 F 2 individuals and F 2:3 offspring of the recombinants, CpPM10.1 was defined as a region of approximately 20.9 kb that contained 5 coding genes. Among them, Cp4.1LG10g02780 , Cp4.1LG10g02800 and Cp4.1LG10g02750 contained a RPW8 domain, which controls resistance to a broad range of PM pathogens. Nonsynonymous SNPs existed between ‘X10’ and ‘Jin234’ in Cp4.1LG10g02780 and Cp4.1LG10g02750 . Furthermore, the expression of Cp4.1LG10g02780 in ‘X10’ and the R-F2 pool was significantly higher than that in ‘Jin234’ and the S-F2 pool at the key period of inoculation, which showed that the expression of Cp4.1LG10g02780 was strongly positively involved in PM resistance. Further allelic diversity analysis in zucchini germplasm resources indicated that PM resistance associated with two SNPs in the RPW8 domain of Cp4.1LG10g02780 . This study not only provides highly stable PM resistance gene resources in cucurbit crops but also lays the foundation for the functional analysis of PM resistance and resistance breeding in zucchini.
Removal of 3-Chloroaniline from aqueous solution by Treated Coffee Waste: Isotherm Modelling and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Alsehli Bandar R. M. Alsehli
Published: February 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effects of nanosilica to improve the mechanical, electrical and durability properties of fiber-reinforced high-volume processed sugarcane bagasse ash cement mortar
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Ramasamy , KAVERI RAVI , JohnKirubahar A
Published: February 2021

Nanosilica (NS) has attracted wide variety of usage as cement ingredients. While many other studies have focused on early cement hydration and hardening properties, there is less data available on the impact of NS on the behavior of fiber-reinforced high-volume sugarcane bagasse cement mortar (HVSCBAM). The effects of NS on the fiber-reinforced durability of HVSCBAM, having the properties of sugarcane bagasse ash/binder in an average of 50% by weight, have been presented in detail in this study. Four NS/binder weight ratio dosages of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of and another four total PVA fiber/volume ratio dosages of 0%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0% were used. Compared to 0.2-1 vol.% of PVA fiber–reinforced HVSCBAM, the 1.5 wt.% of NS would enhance the compressive strength further. Various reports on mineralogy and microstructure have demonstrated that NS facilitates fiber/matrix bonding. These conclusions provide an insight into the pozzolanic materials of cement that are used in a large volume in the designs and applications of nanoparticles.
Improving Impedance Matching of Flaky Carbonyl Iron Based on the Surface Modification by Binary Coupling Agents
Authors: Wu Huimin , Xie Guozhi , Zhu Yan , Xie Ningyan , Chen Jing
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the impedance matching of the flaky carbonyl iron was improved by surface modification with binary coupling agents. The microstructure, phase and electromagnetic parameters were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Agilent vector network analyzer, respectively. After binary coupling agent applied, the shape and particle size of the flaky CIP have changed significantly, whereas the phase remained α-Fe phase. On the other hand, with the addition of binary coupling agents, the complex permittivity of flaky CIP is reduced, which is beneficial to impedance matching. The doping with 2wt% calcium stearate and 2ml titanate to flaky CIP has a minimum reflection loss peak of −13 dB at the thickness of 2 mm. It is noted that the effective absorption bandwidth (RL<-10dB) is up to 0.8GHz (1.8~2.6GHz). Moreover, the magnetic tangent loss of the samples can be significantly improved by the addition of binary coupling agents. Therefore, the surface modification of binary coupling agent can make flaky CIP get better impedance matching and absorbing performance in S band.
How Accurate Is Semi-quantitative Elastography for Calculating Strain Ratios? A Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Valera-Calero Juan Antonio , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Fernández-Rodríguez Tomás , Arias-Buría José Luis , Gallego-Sendarrubias Gracia María , Cimadevilla-Fernández-Pola Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Background: Elastography is a promising imaging technique for evaluating various musculoskeletal tissues which uses acoustic radiation force pulse sequences to generate shear waves, which propagate perpendicular to the ultrasound beam causing transient displacements to calculate the tissues stiffness. Objective: The aims were to assess the validity, inter-examiner reliability and stability of semi-quantitative elastography for calculating strain ratios (SR) in a homogeneous gel phantom in different locations within the image. Methods: A diagnostic accuracy study was performed in a homogeneous stiffness phantom. Two examiners (one novice and one experienced) performed 50 imaging captures in 5 series of 10 captures with 1-minute difference between captures and 30 minutes difference be-tween series. Each examiner assessed the SR in two locations. Difference between-examiners, stability of measurements, SR error and absolute error, mean error of the measurements and coefficient of variation were calculated. Results: The agreement between examiners, validity and stability of measurements were higher in the central area than the lateral limits of the images. Thus, the experience of the examiner showed to be relevant for the concordance of the measurements in the lateral limits of the images (SR difference of 0.13 ± 0.02; p<0.001), but not for the central area (SR difference of 0.00 ± 0.01; p>0.05). Conclusion: Semi-quantitative elastography seems to be an accurate tool for assessing stiffness differences within the same image. Further validity and reliability studies in different materials and in-vivo tissues are needed to ensure the utility of this method.
Mitochondrial composition of and diffusion limiting factors of three social wasp genera Polistes, Ropalidia, and Parapolybia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: luo Li , Huang Pan , Chen Bin , Li Tingjing
Published: February 2021

Background

Social wasps Polistes, Ropalidia, and Parapolybia, belonging to the subfamily Polistinae, have obviously different distribution patterns, yet the factors leading to this difference remain unknown.
Results

In this study, mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of 21 species of these three wasp genera were used to phylogenetic analyses, including 17 newly sequenced ones. It is revealed that both evolutionary selection pressure of protein-coding genes (PCGs) and gene rearrangement events are related to the corresponding distribution patterns. In addition, our fossil-calibrated divergence time estimation suggests the diversification of Polistes was in the Late Cretaceous (~ 69 million years ago, Ma), and that of Ropalidia and Parapolybia occurred in the Tertiary (~ 61 Ma). In view of the divergence time and the history of continental drifts, we speculate that Polistes may spread from Africa to South America via the Atlantic Ocean rather than from Asia to South America. On the other hand, combining divergence time and climate changes of both past and the present-day, it is inferred that Quaternary Ice Ages and temperature could be limitation factors in their present distribution patterns.
Conclusions

There are obvious differences in the mitochondrial composition of Polistes, Ropalidia, and Parapolybia with different distribution ranges. According to the reconstructed time-calibrated framework, we found that the climate and the continental drifts are diffusion limiting factors of the three genera.
Measurement of Fasting Breath Hydrogen Concentration as a Simple Diagnostic Method for Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency
Authors: Uetsuki Kota , Kawashima Hiroki , Ohno Eizaburo , Ishikawa Takuya , Iida Tadashi , Yamamoto Kenta , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Nakamura Masanao , Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Hirooka Yoshiki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: February 2021

BackgroundPancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is associated with the outcome of pancreatic disease. However, there is no method for assessing PEI that can be used noninvasively and easily for outpatient. It has been reported that changes in intestinal bacteria caused by PEI may increase breath hydrogen concentration (BHC) levels during glucose or lactose loading. We have evaluated the usefulness of fasting breath hydrogen concentration (FBHC) measurement without glucose loading for the evaluation of PEI.MethodsSixty patients underwent FBHC measurement, BT-PABA testing, and microbiome analysis.They were classified into PEI group (PABA excretion rate <73.4%, n=30) and non-PEI group (n=30). The FBHC of the two groups were compared, and the diagnostic ability of PEI by them was evaluated. The 16s rRNA (V3-V4) from fecal samples was analyzed by MiSeq.ResultsFBHC levels was higher in the PEI group (15.70 (1.4 to 77.0) than in the non-PEI group 2.80 (0.7 to 28.2) ppm, P 0.0001). FBHC was negatively correlated with PABA excretion rate (r = -0.523, P < 0.001). The cutoff value of FBHC of 10.7 ppm (95% CI: 0.678-0.913, P 0.001) showed a sensitivity of 73.3% and specificity of 83.3% for PEI diagnosis. In the PEI group, there was a significant increase of relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes (P < 0.05) and the genus Clostridium (P < 0.05). ConclusionFBHC shows good potential as a simple and repeatable test for the diagnosis of PEI. The elevated FBHC levels may be caused by hydrogen-producing bacteria such as Clostridium.
Regional differentials in early antenatal care, health facility delivery and early postnatal care among women in Uganda
Authors: Atuhaire Ruth , Wamala Robert , Atuhaire Leonard K
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMaternal health equality is an ultimate goal for a better world. Early maternal healthcare service utilization is hindered by numerous social and economical barriers, along with widespread inequalities in utilization of existing services. To better understand variations existing in Uganda, we assessed differences in early antenatal care, health facility delivery and early postnatal care among women in selected sub regions. The differences were decomposed into components attributed to variation in women's characteristics and the effects of coefficients.MethodsWe used a sample of 1,521 women of reproductive ages (15-49), who delivered a child five years prior to the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. Non-linear Oaxaca’ Blinder Multivariate Decomposition method and STATA 13.0 software were used.ResultsSignificant differences in early ANC, health facility delivery and EPNC among women in Eastern and Western sub regions were attributed to both variation in women’s characteristics and effects of coefficients. Overall gap in early ANC (57.39%), health facility delivery (63.88%) and EPNC (59.06%) was attributed to differences in women's characteristics, whereas differences in effects of coefficients attributed 42.61% variations in early ANC, 36.12% in health facility delivery, and 40.94% in EPNC.Specifically, overall gap in early ANC would reduce if differences in availability of community health workers (31.6%) and media exposure (34.7%) were to disappear. Furthermore, the gap would increase by 68.8% and 12.6% in absence of the variation in effects of maternal education, and wealth differences respectively. Overall gap in health facility delivery would reduce if differences in community health worker availability (24.6%) and media exposure (37.2%) were to disappear, and increase by 54.9% in the absence of variations in effects of maternal education. The overall gap in EPNC would reduce if differences in maternal education (18.5%) and community health worker availability (17.17%) were to disappear and increase by 52.8% and 8.4% in the absence of the variation in effects of maternal education and wealth quintile respectively.ConclusionProgress towards equitable maternal health should focus more on strategies that guarantee even distribution of community health workers, broad dissemination of maternal healthcare information and girl child education completion in Uganda.
Current standart protocols of RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal swab in neonatal patient is not sensitive enough for determination of vertical transmission
Authors: Fusco Maria Alice , Mantini Vinícius , Júnior Jarba S. S. , Gomes Raphael G. C. , Salmont Camilla G. , Abuassi Clarissa , Lima Andressa R. O. , Clarim Helena L. O. , Ferreira Erika Caminha , Almeida Simone S. A. , Rodrigues Felipe V. F. , Zanirati Gabriele , Becker Nicole , Galina João P. , Costa Jaderson C. da , Marinowic Daniel Rodrigo
Published: February 2021

The pandemic experienced in recent months has raised questions that should be investigate in the clinical practice. Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the consequences to the fetus and newborn have called attention due to the increasing number of infections, contradicting previous evidences that there was no possibility of coronavirus transmission from the mother to the fetus. In this work we showed three cases of pregnant women with positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies serology on admission in Naval Hospital Marcílio Dias (HNMD), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Samples of umbilical cord blood was double positive (IgM and IgG) for one patient, double negative for one patient and positive for IgG and negative for IgM for third patient. Maternal and neonatal nasopharyngeal swab samples analyzed by PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive for two maternal patients and negative for all newborns tested. It was possible to detect the SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood using the nested-PCR technics, thus being successfully evidenced transplacental transmission. We suggested that nasopharyngeal swab PCR test of neonates does not have a correlation with vertical transmission and thus, this molecular test is not useful for investigation of transplacental infection.
THE UKRAINIANS’ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COVERED IN SYMON PETLІURA’S PUBLICISTIC HERITAGE (1902-1917)
Authors: Semashko N. V.
Published: February 2021

The journalistic works written by Simon Petliura during the period of his political views’ formation (1902-1917) are analyzed in the article. The issues concerning the development of the Ukrainian people’s language, education, science, culture, spirituality were covered on the pages of those publications. The article considers the way S. Petliura’s socialist ideology influenced the methods of solving the national question suggested by him. S. Petliura emphasized the importance of the Ukrainian school, theater, scientific institutions for the further development of the Ukrainian nation. It has been found out that the national component was important for S. Petliura’s worldview paradigm. However, it correlated with the social-democratic views. The article states the fact that during the mentioned stage of his socio-political activities S. Petliura considered the Ukrainian people’s further national development through the prism of social-democratic postulates. The article notes that S.Petliura’s outlook of that period had a religious component which was not typical for the early twentieth century Ukrainian socialists. At the same time S. Petliura set socially determined tasks for the Ukrainian science, art and book publishing. Thus, national issues dominated S. Petliura’s early publications. According to the author, the Ukrainian school, science, literature, theater and journalism should promote the Ukrainians’ national self-consciousness development, awareness of the need to achieve Ukraine’s autonomy within the broader Ukrainian community. The same applied to the workers’ and peasants’ class struggle. In accordance with S. Petliura’s views, the humanitarian component of the social process had to be socially determined to meet the needs of the Ukrainian people’s national revival and the establishment of socialist ideals.
AN EVALUATION ON THE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION PREFERENCES OF THE IDA MOUNTAIN (TURKEY) FORESTS
Authors:   Geography Department, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Campus Terzioglu, Canakkale 17020, Turkey., Hepbilgin Berna
Published: February 2021

Ida Mountain presents a peculiar geographical structure in terms of the distribution of tree stands, like all the geographical differences on the north and south slopes with its location in the north of Edremit bay and with lying east-west direction roughly.Covering the area of â€‹â€‹1823 km2 with its immediate surroundings, Ida Mountains natural forest section forms approximately 60% of the area. In the natural forest area of â€‹â€‹Ida Mountain, Pinus brutia, Pinus nigra, Quercus, Abies, Fagus and Castanea are found as pure tree communities, and related varieties formed by the combination of these species in different bulk densities. In the eco-geographic study of forest areas, the two most basic bioclimatic factors are: knowing the temperature and precipitation preferences of tree species and stands. In this study, monthly, seasonal and annual temperature and precipitation preferences of tree stands in Ida Mountain were obtained by modeling the temperature and precipitation data obtained from meteorological stations around Mt. Ida. This case study aims to contribute to the future eco-geographical evaluations on the tree stands of Ida Mountain.
PROMOTING ART EDUCATION FOR LIFELONG LEARNING AMONG CHINESE SECONDARY EDUCATION: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors:   Chongqing Beixinbashu Secondary School, Hechuan District, Chongqing City, China., Liu Baowei
Published: February 2021

The changing paradigmatic of the education sector and learning environment recognizes the need to integrate the art education to boost students learning capacities and creative thinking. Similarly, China, the emergent world economy also emphasizes the need for the creative education sector and opts to fill the gap in the Chinese education system. The article will provide the literature review in a wide range to see the scope and remits of art education around the globe and how it integrates intelligent and critical thinking of students and how effective it is and China current policies to fill this gap. Hence, the finding depicts that art education nurtures students analytical and creative thinking in the changing paradigm of the education sector.
SUCCESSES AND FAILURES BORNE OUT OF HAVING OR NOT HAVING MULTI-AGENCY LAWS, POLICIES, DOCTRINES, AND STRATEGIES REGARDING TERROR RESPONSE COORDINATION
Authors:   Musoma A. Lusiola is a holder of B.Sc. Military Science, M.A. in International Studies from the University of Nairobi and Master of Arts in Diplomacy Intelligence and Security from Strathmore University. He also holds CSMP Certificate from ISMI and many other certifications in security intelligence. He is a serving Major in the Kenya Defence Forces., Albert Lusiola Musoma
Published: February 2021

Terrorism has had been a real menace facing Kenya over the years.The study question sought to find out the successes and failures borne out of having/not having multi-agency laws, policies, doctrines and strategies regarding terror response coordination.Based on the mixed methods and exploratory research designs data was collected from a sample of 97. These were drawn from a target population of 3400 which included all the members of the Kenya Defense Forces Special Operations Forces (KDF SoFs), the National Police Service (NPS) Recce squad, ATPU Officers, policy level military, intelligence and police officersand a few members of academia. The target population is estimated at 3400 personnel from which a sample of 97 was obtained. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interviews whilesecondary data was also obtained using desk review of relevant literature. Data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings show that the existence of structural and legal frameworks guiding multi-agency operations on countering terrorism in Kenya had led to effective response through standardizations of operation guidelines, better sharing of information, joint training and exchange of best practices among the various responders. This was evidenced in the Dusit D2 Attack in which synchronization of operations showed better response to the attack by the various operational and tactical teams as compared to the Westgate Attack. Lastly, it is evident that Kenya is yet to know that it has dealt with the terrorism menace. This can only be attested when the country stays for a long period of time without an attack, say more than 5 years.Basedon the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made. There is need for domesticating the existentstructural and legal frameworks guiding multi-agency operations on countering terrorism in Kenya so as to enhance the effectiveness of response to terrorism through standardizations of operation guidelines, better sharing of information, joint training and exchange of best practices among the various responders. Regular review of any gaps in the existing structural and legal frameworks should be undertaken and measures put in place to bridge those gaps through continuous legislation.
THE STRESSORS AMONG AMBULANCE NURSES DURING EMERGENCY RESPONSESAT OIL & GAS INDUSTRIAL CITIESIN QATAR
Authors:   Lecturer in Post Graduate Sahid University, Jakarta, Indonesia and in Faculty of Economics and Business, Lampung University, Indonesia., Abdullah Syafirin , Sulistiyadi Kohar ,   Lecturer in Post Graduate Sahid University, Jakarta, Indonesia., Mufit Aman ,   Student Magister Program of Occupational, Health, Safety, and Environmental Post Graduate Program of Sahid University Jakarta.
Published: February 2021

The previous literatures and studies told us workers in Emergency Services such as Paramedics and Ambulance Nurses face high risk of stress. One of the reason is the stressors they encounter during Emergency Responses. The aim of this study is to investigate various stressors face by Ambulance Nurses during Emergency Responses in Industrial Cities of Oil and Gascompanies in Qatar. This study is Descriptive Explorative and Verificative with design of Cross Sectional. There are 125 Ambulance Nurses Employees in this Industrial Cities included in this project. The research were conducted between June-September 2019. An total 100 Ambulance Nurses responded to the study and were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis with Software SPSS Trial Version. The Result of PCA reanalyzed with Confirmatory Factor with Software of Amos 24.The result of PCA revealed there are 23 stressors encountered by Ambulance Nurses during Emergency Responses which contains of 3 dimensions such as Internal, External and Environment. The aforementioned result of PCA reanalyzed with Confirmatory Factor Analysis using Software Amos student version yielded CMIN/DF=1,521, GFI=0,821, RSMEA=0,073. Conclusion: The finding suggest that Ambulance Nurses faced Multiple Job Stressors while responding Emergency Calls.The Instrument of The Sources Ambulance Nurses Stress during Emergency Responses to have adequate Validity and Reliability.
REDUCING THE JOB-RELATED STRESS AMONG NURSING OFFICERS IN A BASE HOSPITAL, SRI LANKA
Authors: Wanninayake Indika , Nandasena Sumal
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Stress is a one of risk factors affecting all health categories including nursing officers. Objective: To implement a Mindfulness Base Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention for nursing officers at base hospital Horana Sri Lanka. Methodology: Intervention study with randomizing nursing officers for two groups (i.e., control group and intervention group) was conducted in Base hospital, Horana. A sample of 96 nursing officers was randomized to two groups. Prior to randomization, baseline stress level was assessed by Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS). A six-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) package was implemented for intervention group. Similar to the baseline assessment, effectiveness of the MBSR package was assessed following the implementation in both groups. Student t test was used to compare intervention and non-intervention group. Initially, 48 participants were selected for each arm. Out of the remaining participants, 42 in non-intervention group and 41 in the intervention group were completed the post intervention assessment, successfully. Results: Several aspects of stress were improved with the intervention. As examples, perception of stress due to issues of inpatient care including procedure painful to patient (p =001), The death of a patient with whom you develop with a close relationship ( p<0.001)), Physician(s)not being present when patients dying ( p =0.001), watching the patient suffer( p <0.001), were significantly improved in the intervention group. Conclusion: Result of present study shows benefits of MBSR intervention to reduce perception of stress among nursing officers. The MBSR package is recommended for other hospitals.
A STUDY OF PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT OF TEACHER EDUCATORS IN RELATION TO LOCALITY, GENDER AND STREAMS OF STUDY IN THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL
Authors:   Research Scholar,Department of Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, (U.P.) INDIA., Ahammad Faiyaz
Published: February 2021

The study examined professional commitment among teacher educators. The present study was conducted on a sample of 240 teacher educators in the state of West Bengal. Data was collected with the help of Professional Commitment Scale for Teacher educators developed by Vishal Sood (2014). The descriptive statistics such as mean, median, mode, S.D., and t test were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that there was significant effect oflocality, gender & stream of study on professional commitment among teacher educators.The findings reveal that male and female, urban and rural, science and arts teacher educators differ significantly on professional commitment.
IMPLEMENTING THREE-PHASE READING TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION
Authors:   Senior Lecturer at English Education Department of Muhammadiyah Univerisity of Parepare, Researcher at English Language Study., Latifa Ammang
Published: February 2021

This research discussed about the use of Three-Phase Reading Technique to improve the students ability in reading comprehension. One of the important goals of reading is to know the purpose of the text. This discussion was used to answer the research question is the use of three phase technique able to improve reading comprehension the Junior high school in Parepare?This research used a quasi-experimental method that applied a pre-test and post-test design. The data was analyzed by using t-test. The population of this research was the eight-year students of Junior high school Parepare in the academic year 2015/2016. The instruments of this research was reading comprehension test. The results of this study are all students in studying reading comprehension through three-phase reading techniques improved significantly. This indicates the mean score of the post-test of the experimental group is 82,67, while that of the control group is 37,00, and the mean score of students answer in questionnaire shows that the students are categorized as strongly interested (90,72). Moreover, the t-test denotes that the t-test value (10,61197) is greater than the t-table (1,677), suggesting that Ha was accepted. The result of this study may stimulate the students to study to be more interested and independent. This positive impact revealed at the mechanisms presentation of the three-phase technique of this study. This technique brings many chances the students to work in reading text independently. Furthermore, the teacher does not only make controlling but also the teacher gives feedback at the end of learning process.
PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors:   University of Asia Pacific, Department of Pharmacy, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Tabassum Samanta Mahonaz , Noor Sadia ,   University of Asia Pacific, Department of Pharmacy, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Published: February 2021

Biotechnology is a broad area of biology, involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop products. Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with related scientific fields. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences, such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests. Biotechnology has also led to the development of antibiotics. Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas, including health care (medical), crop production and agriculture, non-food (industrial) uses of crops and other products and environmental uses. In medicine, modern biotechnology has many applications in areas such as pharmaceutical drug discoveries and production, pharmacogenomics, and genetic testing. Pharmaceutical biotechnology is a relatively new and growing field in which the principles of biotechnology are applied to the development of drugs. A majority of therapeutic drugs in the current market are bio formulations, such as antibodies, nucleic acid products and vaccines. Such bio formulations are developed through several stages that include: understanding the principles underlying health and disease the fundamental molecular mechanisms governing the function of related biomolecules synthesis and purification of the molecules determining the product shelf life, stability, toxicity and immunogenicity drug delivery systems patenting and clinical trials. This review article describes the purpose of biotechnology in pharmaceutical industry, particularly pharmaceutical biotechnology along with its prospects and challenges.
ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY USING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF RIVER NARMADA, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore., Solanki Meenakshi , Saraswat Heena ,   Department of Zoology, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore.
Published: February 2021

The Narmada, also called Rewa is a river in central India and the fifth largest river in the Indian Subcontinent. The bank of Narmada river is covered by tribal people, and their daily wastes are drained into this holy river, which alters the Physico-chemical parameters of the river. Water is one of the most important of all natural resources known on earth. It is important to all living organisms, ecological systems, human health, food production and economic development. The present study was carried out for a period of one year to enumerate the various Physico-chemical parameters of Narmada River. Water samples were taken from sampling stations every month and were analyzed as per standard methods. Maximum of Phosphate, Nitrate, Calcium and Sulphate were recorded in September and October and Maximum of Temperature, pH, and Total hardness were observed during summer. Transparency was recorded maximum in winter and minimum in rainy season. DO concentration was higher in winter and lower in summer. The results indicated that most of the Physico- chemical characteristics of Narmada water samples were within the WHO limits.
STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES (SSS) IN A STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Blacer-Bacolod Donnalyn , S. Bacolod Rudyr
Published: February 2021

While the university has dedicated considerable resources to student support services development, no comprehensive study offers knowledge about its availability, delivery, and effectiveness as perceived by the students. This study aims to provide information on student support services effectiveness as perceived by the 300 randomly selected students. Satisfaction level of students toward library services, internet and computer laboratory services, examination and test administration, and curriculum and content delivery were determined. Results revealed that most students are satisfied with library services, examination and test administration, and curriculum and content delivery of the university. However, they were demotivated about the internet and computer laboratory services. Its implication to policymakers and administrations is to provide more volition to enabling support services to benefit students welfare. The researchers recommend that the administration conduct an annual support services assessment to ensure that the current services effectively address the students needs and concerns. Moreover, the researchers recommend conducting a rigorous study on student support services to establish the results integrity and reliability. Using mixed-method research design and the inclusion of other support services areas will shed more light on its effectiveness.
EXAMINATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors:   Msc Data Science, Department of Data Science February 2020 Coimbatore Institute of Technology Coimbatore., H. Divya , S. Nandhini ,   Msc Data Science, Department of Data Science February 2020 Coimbatore Institute of Technology Coimbatore., S. Shobana ,   Msc Data Science, Department of Data Science February 2020 Coimbatore Institute of Technology Coimbatore., Sujithra M. ,   Assistant Professor Department of Data Science Coimbatore Institute of Technology Coimbatore.
Published: February 2021

Examinations are a scary subject discuss among students and even for teachers. Examinations require very smooth functioning of exams and it is dependent on managers establishing the processes and a working relationship with the Exam Centre Manager. Also communicating these with staff and students ensures everyone is working towards the same goal. Automated systems can bring all the hassle related to examination management to ease. Academia ERP is a comprehensive system that provides Examination Module which covers all the activities related to management of examination directly from receipt of Enrolments Forms and Examination Forms through the processing of Results and Printing of Certificates and Statistical Reports etc. The Examination module involves all the necessary forms that are needed for the student to fill up to register for exams. The module is connected to the student database; therefore, it helps in retrieving all necessary information about the student on just filling in the Id/ name/ enrolment etc.Academiaâ€™s Examination module provides the followings for easy and effective management of examinations at the institute- Academic or examination module follows systematic workflow beginning for pre-examination setup, student marks update to defining different reports etc.Exam Management module in Academia ERP is an excellent automation system that can effectively automate and streamline planning and execution of the exams, and it has been designed to make the examination processes efficient and also paper free. Academiaâ€™s Exam Management portal helps you to automate the entire examination process from Pre-exam preps like the creation of test papers, Exam timetable and grading criteria etc. to handling logistics and allocating invigilators. The automation systems are designed to manage access permissions for different users to prevent misuse and mismanagement of legal and official data by an unauthorized user for not only exam info but various other data as well. This project aims on developing an efficient platform for managing examination systems. It consists different modules as described above. The student and examination details are stored in a database.
Pengukuran Pengaruh Tantangan Pada Gim Bergenre Puzzle Dengan Metode PLS-SEM Terhadap Pembelajaran Anak
Authors: Rizky Hazmi , Wibowo Hardianto , Husniah Lailatul
Published: February 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini akan menjelaskan tentang pengaruh dari Gim terhadap pembelajaran, poin-poin gim yang akan dinilai pengaruhnya antara lain adalah Engagement, Immersion, Challenge, dan Skill. Data yang digunakan adalah hasil kuesioner serta nilai Try Out-UN siswa-siswi kelas 12 SMK 3 Malang. Menggunakan permainan Angry Bird, responden nantinya akan bermain selama kurang lebih 30 menit sebelum melakukan kegiatan belajar seperti biasanya. Hal ini dilakukan dalam waktu kurang lebih sekitar satu bulan. Setelah itu responden akan diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner yang nantinya akan diolah dengan metode SEM-PLS. Hasil dari pengolahan data kuesioner tersebut adalah seberapa besar pengaruh gim terhadap pembelajaran berdasarkan poin-poin yang sudah disebutkan di atas. Sedangkan nilai dari Try Out dan UN digunakan untuk mengetahui besar pengaruh gim terhadap pelajaran secara keseluruhan, menggunakan metode paired t-test. Setelah melalui pengujian, hasil yang didapatkan adalah bahwa stimulus gim terhadap pembelajaran berpengaruh secara positif. Dan Engagement menjadi poin paling berpengaruh dalam penilaian prosentase yaitu 32%, disusul dengan Immersion 9.34%, Skill 6.86%, dan Challenge 2.25%.Abstract This study will explain the influence of the game on learning, the game points that will be assessed for influence include Engagement, Immersion, Challenge, and Skill. The data used are the results of the questionnaire and the Try Out-UN scores of 12th grade students of SMK 3 Malang. Using the Angry Bird game, respondents will play for about 30 minutes before doing their usual learning activities. This is done in approximately one month. After that the respondent will be asked to fill out a questionnaire which will later be processed by the SEM-PLS method. The result of processing the questionnaire data is how much influence the game has on learning based on the points mentioned above. While the value of Try Out and UN is used to determine the effect of the game on the overall lesson, using the paired t-test method.  After testing, the results obtained are that the game stimulus to learning has a positive effect. And Engagement became the most influential points in the percentage assessment of 32%, followed by Immersion 9.34%, Skill 6.86%, and Challenge 2.25%.
Pengembangan Electronic Customer Relationship Management (e-CRM) Sebagai Sistem Informasi Dalam Peningkatan Layanan Triad Computer Samarinda
Authors: Amellia Risca
Published: February 2021

Triad Computer Samarinda merupakan salah satu perusahaan bisnis yang bergerak di bidang penjualan dan perbaikan perangkat komputer sejak tahun 1985. Segala aktivitas penjualan, perbaikan, dan persediaan masih dilakukan secara manual. Resiko nota atau laporan mudah hilang cukup besar. Selain itu customer yang ingin membeli barang atau ingin melakukan perbaikan harus datang ke toko. Hal ini dirasa kurang efektif apabila customer berada di luar kota dan harus menempuh jarak yang jauh. Diperlukan suatu sistem untuk pengolahan data pelanggan, penjualan, dan perbaikan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada pelanggan yaitu sistem informasi e-CRM dimana sistem ini mampu menyimpan semua data penjualan, stok barang, servis perbaikan, dan layanan untuk customer. Beberapa fitur untuk meningkatkan pelayanan untuk customer seperti invoice yang dapat dikirim ke email customer. Customer juga dapat memesan barang, memberikan testimoni, dan mengirim pesan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menggunakan blackbox untuk sistem dan User Acceptance Test (UAT) untuk pengguna. Dari kedua pengujian tersebut, hasilnya sistem dapat berfungsi dengan baik sesuai dengan yang diinginkan.
Study of nozzles' metal of VVER-440 pressure vessel after 45 years of exploitation
Authors: Erak D. Yu. , Medvedev K. I. , Chernobaeva A. A. , Zhurko D. A. , Erak A. D. , Bubyakin S. A. , Bandura A. P.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the research results on determining the mechanical characteristics of the metal samples cut out from the nozzles and the cylindrical shell at the nozzles zone of the VVER-440 reactor vessel after 45 years of operation.