bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Energy Consumption Modeling Method for DED-based Hybrid Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Hasan Md Rabiul , Liu Zhichao , Rahman Asif
Published: May 2023

The awareness of energy consumption is gaining much more attention in manufacturing due to its economic and sustainability benefits. An energy consumption model is needed for quantifying the consumption and predicting the impact of various process parameters in manufacturing. This paper aims to develop an energy consumption model based on Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) for Direct Energy Deposition (DED) based Hybrid Additive Manufacturing (HAM). Three significant factors, including scanning speed, laser power, feed rate, and their interactions, are analyzed to investigate their effect on energy consumption. The results suggest that all the factors have a strong influence, but their interaction effects have a weak influence on the energy consumption for HAM. Among the three process parameters, laser power has the most significant effect on energy consumption. Based on the regression analysis result, this study recommends high scanning speed while the laser power and feed rate should be low to reduce energy consumption. Also, the idle time has significant energy consumption during the whole HAM process.
Preparation and Enantiomeric Separation of L-Pro-L-Phe-L-Val-L-Leu Peptide Stationary Phases
Authors: Guo Xinyuan , Shang Panpan , Wei Benben , Du Wenrong , Lan Yong , Bai Ligai , Qiao Xiaoqiang , Ma Zhengyue
Published: May 2023

This study presents the development of three new chiral stationary phases (CSP). Three new peptides CSPs with a main chain of L-proline (L-Pro), L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), L-valine (L-Val) and L-leucine (L-Leu) and different terminals of L-citrulline (L-Cit), L-lysine (L-Lys) and L-tryptophan (L-Typ) immobilized on 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane modified silica gel (APS) were prepared, furthermore, successful analyses and characterizations were conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectra, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. After this, the enantioselective performance of the three L-Pro-L-Phe-L-Val-L-Leu peptide stationary phases columns were evaluated. The evaluation used 9 racemic compounds under normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography mode. Optimized enantiomeric separation conditions were established. Under these conditions, the resolutions of flurbiprofen, naproxen, benzoin, 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol and ketoprofen on the CSP-1 column were 1.61, 2.0, 0.62, 0.52, and 1.20, respectively. In addition, the reproducibility of the CSP-1 column was also investigated. The results of the investigation illustrated that the stationary phases have good reproducibility (RSD = 0.12%, n = 5).
Design of Si0.5Ge0.5 Sourced Nano-cantilever Pressure Sensor Based on Charge Plasma and Gate Stacked Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Singh Navaneet Kumar
Published: May 2023

In this paper, Si0.5Ge0.5 source with charge plasma and gate stacked Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (CP-GS-NWTFET) based pressure sensor is proposed. The pressure sensor is one of the essential components in sensing and actuating applications. Nanocavity is created beneath the gate electrode for possible bending due to the pressure applied. The presented sensor is based on the capacitive gate coupling principle, owing to which the tunneling current is changed. The applied pressure on the nanocantilever (hanging gate electrode towards the cavity) bends the nanocantilever which changes the electrical characteristics of the device. Various bending of the nanocantilever beam used are 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2nm. Several device parameters including electric field, potential, carrier concentration, energy band diagram, Ion/Ioff ratio, subthreshold slope, etc. are evaluated as performance parameters of the presented device. The sensitivity is defined as the change in the current ratio per nm of bending with respect to a structure having no bending. The study reveals that the presented pressor sensor is more sensitive for lower bendings. The sensitivity for 0.5nm and 2nm of bending is 2.74×1008 /nm and 4.73×1007 /nm respectively. Simulation unearths a remarkable connection between hypothetical and practical accepts of formation. The total length of the proposed device, CP-GS-NWTFET is 92 nm.
Biomechanical Properties of Lumbar Vertebral Ring Apophysis Cage under Endplate Injury: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Wang Jian , Geng Ziming , Wu Jincheng , Liu Jianchao , Zhang Zepei , Miao Jun , Li Ruihua
Published: May 2023

Objective
This study aimed to compare the biomechanical properties of lumbar interbody fusion involving two types of cages. The study evaluated the effectiveness of the cage spanning the ring apophysis, regardless of the endplate's integrity.
Methods
A finite element model of the normal spine was established and validated in this study. The validated model was then utilized to simulate Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF) with posterior pedicle screw fixation without posterior osteotomy. Two models of interbody fusion cage were placed at the L4/5 level, and the destruction of the bony endplate caused by curetting the cartilaginous endplate during surgery was simulated. Four models were established, including Model 1 with an intact endplate and long cage spanning the ring apophysis, Model 2 with endplate decortication and long cage spanning the ring apophysis, Model 3 with an intact endplate and short cage, and Model 4 with endplate decortication and short cage. Analyzed were the ROM of the fixed and adjacent segments, screw rod system stress, interface stress between cage and L5 endplate, trabecular bone stress on the upper surface of L5, and intervertebral disc pressure (IDP) of adjacent segments.
Results
There were no significant differences in ROM and IDP between adjacent segments in each postoperative model. However, the ROM, the pressure of the cage-endplate contact surface, and the stress of the cancellous bone above L5 during the fixation stage tended to increase in the short cage model. This trend was more apparent under the condition of an incomplete endplate. Regardless of the integrity of the endplate, the long cage provided greater support strength compared to the short cage. The corresponding endplate, cancellous stress, and screw rod system stress exhibited a significantly lower trend with the long cage than with the short cage.
Conclusions
Caution should be exercised during endplate preparation and cage placement to maintain the endplate's integrity. The cage spanning the vertebral ring apophysis during lateral lumbar interbody fusion offers favorable biomechanical properties and prevents complications such as cage subsidence, internal fixation system failure, and screw and rod fracture.”
Effect of Regional Disparities on National Economic Growth. A Spatial Panel Data Evidence From Eu Countries in 2000–2020
Authors: Piętak Łukasz
Published: May 2023

The study aims to examine whether regional disparities within a country affect national economic growth. To achieve this, the study employs spatial panel data models that consider the role of geography in economic development. The analysis covers 17 EU countries with five or more regions at the NUTS 2 level, spanning from 2000 to 2020. Regional disparities are calculated using polarization measures. The findings indicate that an increase in regional disparities, in the form of a shrinking range of regions with GDP per capita close to the national average, has a negative impact on economic growth. However, the division of a country's regions into two groups (bipolarization), poor and rich, does not affect national economic performance. Furthermore, the results of robustness tests reveal that regional disparities have a detrimental effect on growth in the EU's new member countries, which joined in 2004 and later, whereas the relationship is insignificant in the case of old member states' economies.
JEL CLASSIFICATION JEL: D30, R11, R58.
Distinctive Characteristics and Dynamics of the Summer and Autumn Indian Ocean Dipole Events
Authors: Tao Yuqi , Qiu Chunhua , Zhong Wenxiu , Zhang Guangli , Wang Lin
Published: May 2023

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) with worldwide socio-economic impacts has been presented to mature either in boreal summer or autumn, leading to the classification of summer IOD and autumn IOD. Investigating the climate dynamics to distinguish between these two types of IOD can improve our understanding and prediction of the surrounding weather and climate. This study demonstrates that the emergence of the summer IOD is mainly attributed to internal air-sea interactions in the western tropical Indian Ocean (WIO), while the autumn IOD is significantly related to ENSO development. For the summer IOD, broad-scaled warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the WIO are conducive to the enhancement of convective perturbations. Then local ocean-atmosphere feedback associated with changes in convection and surface heat flux into the upper ocean plays a key role in triggering the summer IOD. For the autumn IOD, strong easterly wind anomalies in the eastern Indian Ocean initiate oceanic Rossby waves and Bjerknes feedback, leading to the formation of both the western and eastern poles. It is recognized that these intensified easterly wind anomalies mostly benefit from ENSO variability. The distinctive features and air-sea interactions intrinsic to the summer IOD and the autumn IOD revealed in this study can further contribute to more credible predictive models of diverse IOD events.
Predicting Bone Protein Expression: A Stiffness-Dependent Gene Regulation Model
Authors: Berteau Jean , Yang Kevin Yueh-Hsun , Chekroun Abdennasser , Pujo-Menjouet laurent
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to capture the behavior of the bone gene regulation network (GRN) portion that controls mineralization according to stiffness. We hypothesized that the epistatic genetic interactions follow a system of nonlinear differential equations. To test our hypothesis, we (i) adapted our previously published model from being continuously time-dependent to continuously stiffness-dependent, (ii) performed in-vitro experiments culturing bone cells on different stiffness, and (iii) optimized our model based on the experimental results. Our results showed that (i) we exhibited a continuous variation of stiffness that allowed us to simulate bone GRN gene expression, and (ii) we qualitatively validated our approach against a novel set of experimental data. Thus, we depict novel mathematical solutions that predict the bone GRN expression regarding stiffness. Therefore, we propose a model of how mechanotransduction controls the epistatic genetic interactions that govern mineralization. Our novel algorithm can predict Bone protein production or matrix stiffness with only one input.
Abnormal hemoglobin anti-Lepore Hong Kong compound with β0-thalassemia ameliorate thalassemia severity when co-inherited with a-thalassemia
Authors: Bao xiuqin , Wang Jicheng , Qin Danqing , Yao Cuize , Liang Jie , Liang Kailing , Du Li
Published: May 2023

Background Abnormal hemoglobin anti-Lepore Hong Kong is rare βδ fusion variants resulted from non-homologous crossover during meiosis. Anti-Lepore Hong Kong always showed extraordinary increased HbA2. In this study, we used multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and single molecular real time (SMRT) sequencing, as well as Sanger sequencing, to detect variants in five unrelated families with abnormal increased HbA2 level.Results All the probands in these five families were detected with anti-Lepore Hong Kong heterozygotes. Among them, two families were compounded with β0-thalassemia and α-thalassemia (--SEA/ or αCSα/). The heterozygotes of anti-Lepore Hong Kong had an average 17.7% of HbA2 level and behaved normal. However, when compounded with β0-thalassemia and α-thalassemia, the probands had higher HbA2 level (30.2%-40.8%) and behaved with β-thalassemia trait. Moreover, the determination of α/β-mRNA ratio showed a slightly downregulation of β-globin, similar to that of β-thalassemia minor.Conclusions Our study first identifies the compound heterozygotes with anti-Lepore Hong Kong and β0-thalassemia and α-thalassemia, and provide better information in prenatal counseling.
A Multi-depth Spiral Milli Fluidic Device for Whole Mount Zebrafish Antibody Staining
Authors: Ye Songtao , Chin Wei-Chun , Ni Chih-Wen
Published: May 2023

Whole mount zebrafish antibody staining (ABS) is a common staining technique for protein information localization on a zebrafish embryo or larva. Like most biological assays, the whole mount zebrafish ABS is still largely conducted manually through labor intensive and time-consuming steps which affect both consistency and throughput of the assay. In this work, we develop a milli fluidic device that can automatically trap and immobilize the fixed chorion-less zebrafish embryos for the whole mount ABS. With just a single loading step, the zebrafish embryos can be immobilized in the milli fluidic device through a chaotic hydrodynamic trapping process. Moreover, a consistent body orientation pattern (i.e., head point inward) for the trapped zebrafish embryos can be achieved without any additional orientation adjustment device. Furthermore, we employed a consumer-grade SLA 3D printer assisted method for device prototyping which is ideal for labs with limited budgets. Notably, the milli fluidic device has enabled the optimization and successful implementation of whole mount zebrafish Caspase-3 ABS. We demonstrated our device can accelerate the overall procedure by reducing at least 50% of washing time in the standard well-plate-based manual procedure. Also, the consistency is improved, and manual steps are reduced using the milli fluidic device. This work fills the gap in the milli fluidic application for whole mount zebrafish immunohistochemistry. We hope the device can be accepted by the zebrafish community and be used for other types of whole mount zebrafish ABS procedures or expanded to more complicated in situ hybridization (ISH) procedure.
Household-level forest-community involvement in the buffer area of Biha Resort, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Mardiyanto Anggi , Hidayat Ar. Rohman Taufiq , Sianipar Corinthias Pamatang Morgana , Shibata Shozo
Published: May 2023

Biha Resort in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) is an essential habitat for protected species such as the Sumatran tiger, the Sumatran elephant and the Sumatran rhino, which exhibit declining population trends, and also provides a living for local communities. However, research on the characteristics of such communities (including factors such as involvement with multiple forest types for the output of various products) has to date been sparse. Against such a background, this study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of rural households around the buffer area of Biha Resort and their involvement relating to forest products in multiple forest types. Qualitative research was conducted via a semi-structured questionnaire survey involving 128 households, with results detailing activities in customary forests, limited production forests and BBSNP for the output of various forest products, with customary forests being the most utilized. The outcomes showed that forest products are directly consumed and used to generate income, with food being the most frequently used resource. In addition, traditional forest management practices such as repong damar (traditional ecological knowledge in local agriculture) are used to provide resources for the community. The results provide a foundation for efforts to balance biodiversity conservation and forest community welfare.
Effectiveness of the physical intervention using sensory integration theory in the recovery of children with autism
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xu Lei
Published: May 2023

In human body, sensory integration plays a significant role as it is a mutually reinforcing and complementary process of the body in general and human brains in particular. This process extensively utilizes the nervous system during individual development for the creation of numerous sensations, which are very helpful in making people act accordingly. It is important to note that body and brain will not be able to perform in unison preferably without sensory integration. This is one of the most challenging issues related to the people especially with autism face. Generally, number of children suffering with autism is increasing day by day at a predominant rate, however, the exact cause of these remains unknown until today. Furthermore, as per our knowledge, positive outcomes or opinions on its onset are not reported yet in literature, which is very alarming, and currently special care behavior training is suggested to be taken by the individuals. By thoroughly analyzing the literature combined with the special psychological characteristics of autistic children, we have observed that sports is one of the possible ways which could possibly help these children in the development process of their brains and bodies, but a necessary measure to intervene and improve their conditions are needed to be adopted as well. In order to solve the problem of sensory integration disorder in children with autism, this paper proposes an effective mechanism for determining the effectiveness of the physical intervention using sensory integration theory on the recovery of children with autism. To investigate this, we have started with sensory integration theory, which is one the most vital factor in the in recovery process of children suffering from the autism. Additionally, it takes a unique approach to designing physical activity for children with autism, and builds a model of physical play assessment followed by an intervention experiment. In order to verify various claims of the proposed scheme, we have carried out numerous experimental studies which conclude that the proposed approach is affective mechanism for solving the problem.
Glycerol biosynthetic pathway plays an essential role in proliferation and antioxidative defense in the human enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Jeelani Ghulam , Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare , Husain Afzal , Nozaki Tomoyoshi
Published: May 2023

Amebiasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Treatment options other than metronidazole and its derivatives are few, and their low efficacy against asymptomatic cyst carriers, and experimental evidence of resistance in vitro justify the discovery/repurposing campaign for new drugs against amebiasis. Global metabolic responses to oxidative stress and cysteine deprivation by E. histolytica revealed glycerol metabolism may represent a rational target for drug development. In this study using 14C-labelled glucose, only 11% of the total glucose taken up by E. histolytica trophozoites is incorporated to lipids. To better understand the role of glycerol metabolism in this parasite, we characterized two key enzymes, glycerol kinase (GK) and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH). E. histolytica GK revealed novel characteristics and unprecedented kinetic properties in reverse reaction. Gene silencing revealed that GK is essential for optimum growth, whereas G3PDH is not. Gene silencing of G3PDH caused upregulated GK expression, while that of GK resulted in upregulation of antioxidant enzymes as shown by RNA-seq analysis. Together, these results provide the first direct evidence of the biological importance and coordinated regulation of the glycerol metabolic pathways for proliferation and antioxidative defense in E. histolytica, justifying the exploitation of these enzymes as future drug targets.
Impact of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Hypogonadal Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Nakamura Miwa , Ohba Takashi , Sasaki Rumi , Saito Fumitaka , Yamaguchi Munekage , Motohara Takeshi , Mabe Hiroyo , Lu Xi , Katabuchi Hidetaka , Kondoh Eiji
Published: May 2023

Background:Hypogonadism is a significant late complication in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). The aim of this study was to elucidate the benefits and limitations of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for CCS with hypogonadism.Methods:Seventeen CCS were divided into two groups: gonadal hypogonadism (GH) group (n=8) and central hypogonadism (CH) group (n=9). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to investigate the impact of cancer management on final height, bone density, and uterine development.Results:Seven of GH group had hematologic malignancies, and all of them underwent total body irradiation before bone marrow transplantation. The GH group showed significant positive correlations between the onset age of disease treatment and final height (p < 0.05, R = 0.712) and uterine size following ERT (p < 0.05, R = 0.775). All CCS in the CH group had brain tumors, and seven of them received chemotherapy. There were trends towards positive and negative correlations between the onset age of disease treatment and final height (p = 0.09, R = 0.527) or uterine size (p = 0.07, R = -0.669), respectively. A negative correlation trend was observed between the age at ERT initiation and final height (p = 0.07, R = -0.769) or bone density (p = 0.18, R = -0.626) in six CH patients who received growth hormone therapy. Five CCS in both groups experienced osteoporosis, despite receiving ERT.Conclusion:Individualized management strategies beyond ERT are essential to reduce long-term complications in CCSs with hypogonadism, considering the type and timing of cancer treatment.
Ocular Injuries Associated with Motor Vehicle Accidents - Long Term Effects on Quality of Life
Authors: Brody Judith , Ishai Meydan Ben , Volach Irena Serov , Tamir Keren Mano , Gaton Dan D. , Avisar Inbal
Published: May 2023

Purpose To describe the prevalence and outcome of motor vehicle accidents - associated ocular injuries.Methods A survey of patients who presented to the emergency room at a level 1 trauma center with motor vehicle accidents -associated ocular injuries. A patient questionnaire and review of clinical notes were conducted for all patients.Results Of 274 motor vehicle accident victims with ocular injuries who presented to the emergency room, 40 (15%) responded to the survey. Over half of them were driving a vehicle, and most reported wearing a seat belt or a helmet. Most ocular injuries were mild. The most common injuries were bone fractures, subconjunctival hemorrhage, eyelid involvement and corneal injury. Most respondents had no change in vision and perceived their ocular involvement as a minor part of their injury. Most respondents returned to work and to driving within a year.Conclusion Our study sheds light on the details and extent of ocular involvement and the visual ability to perform daily activities following motor vehicle accidents.
Problem of integrating Blockchain Technologies into Wireless Mesh Networks: Application to Community Wireless Networks
Authors: NDIÉ Thomas DJOTIO , DOBE Abel
Published: May 2023

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs), because of their low installation costs, compared to the network infrastructure, were seen as a relevant alternative to connect remote areas and poor regions where telephone companies have great apprehension to invest. However, WMNs have security vulnerabilities, including Denial of Service (DoS) and identity theft attacks. The most common methods for securing mesh networks are centralized systems, while WMNs are decentralized, open and flexible by design. The usual blockchain integration in WMNs are more oriented towards the construction of online payment platforms. This paper proposes BlockWMN, a model for integrating blockchain technology into WMNs with the ultimate goal of protecting them from the above-mentioned attacks. Fundamentally we address a consensus issue or a so-called "Byzantine Generals" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT) problem. Our approach uses the blockchain as a secure database, to save in real time the network graph and all the network nodes’ credentials. Each node has the ability to check in the blockchain, all signaling information received from other nodes. Unlike other approaches, our solution is decentralized, open and flexible. The limits of our model are inherent to the blockchains nature: high-energy consumption for the calculation of the proof of work and memory space for the storage of blockchain information.
Wood Decay Measurement of Shiitake Cultivation Logs Based on Spin Relaxation Times Obtained using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ogawa Kuniyasu , Yashima Takeshi
Published: May 2023

To harvest large shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes), it is important to adjust the suitable cultivation environment for shiitake mycelium so that it can extend throughout an entire log, maximizing wood decomposition and nutrient absorption. We attempted to measure the degree of wood decay of cultivation logs noninvasively by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The cultivation logs were sourced from konara oak (Quercus serrata), which was inoculated with shiitake mycelium for 0.6 to 4 years. After MRI measurements, the logs were cut into wood pieces between 1 to 2 cm in length, and the degree of wood decay of the individual pieces was evaluated using the dry wood density. NMR signals were measured using a long echo time, TE = 11 ms, to obtain T1 and T2 relaxation times of free water in the logs. The results showed that wood decay of the cultivation logs correlated well with T2 values and poorly with T1 values. In addition, based on the obtained T2 map, the spatial distribution of wood decay within cultivation logs 1.6 years after inoculation could be visualized.
Flowering and fruit-set depend of interactions between climate and soil texture in Amazonian understorey herbs
Authors: Rodrigues Flávio Rogério de Oliveira , Freitas Cintia Gomes , Dambros Cristian
Published: May 2023

The persistence of a plant at an area depend on species ability to survive and reproduce under local conditions. Estimating environmental influence on reproduction is difficult because climatic and soil conditions have synergistic effects on flower and fruit production, but are essential to modeling correctely effects of the climate changes on species distributions. Here, we develop a statistical method that allows investigating the environmental influence on reproduction using reproduction observational data only (no individual plants marking required). We surveyed 30 standardized permanent plots on central Amazonia for six families of monocots herbs. The plots were surveyed for twelve consecutive months. Using the newly developed method, we estimated the effect of climatic (temporal) and edaphic (spatial) covariates on flower and fruit production. We demonstrate that plant reproduction can be estimated from observational data only when enough temporal and spatial data are available. By using the proposed statistical method, we show that the conversion of flowers into fruits in Amazonian monocots is highest in sandy soils, and the difference in conversion rates between sandy and clayey soils is more pronounced in wetter months. By comparing the production of flowers and fruits with previously published data on species occurrence, our results suggesting that species distribution is limited primarily by species capacity to produce fruits (e.g. limited pollination) and not by the capacity to produce flowers. Due to the association of fruit production to climatic and edaphic variable, our results point to potential changes in species reproduction and distribution under future climatic regimes.
A Structure and Spectroscopy study about [16]Cycloparaphenylene Chiral Molecule
Authors: Yang Baozhu , Huang Shuang
Published: May 2023

An interesting chiral molecule with a double half-twisted π-electron system has been investigated with theoretical calculations. To investigate the geometry and electronic structure, the size of macrocyclic cavity, electrostatic potential (ESP) and density-of-states (DOS) were calculated. The multi-center bond order (MCBO) and AV1245 index were calculated to compare the aromaticity of phenylene groups. To investigate the spectroscopic properties, Raman, Raman Optical Activity (ROA), UV-Vis spectrum, fluorescence, CPL (circularly polarized luminescence) and ECD (electronic circular dichroism) spectra have been calculated and analyzed. The oscillator strengths, rotatory strengths and dissymmetry factor (glum) have been discussed.
Model Construction and Verification of Sprinkler Pattern Radius Calculation
Authors: Tuo Yunfei , Tan Hao , Liang Jiaping , Liu Xiaogang , Xiang Ping , Yang Qiliang , Li Jianqiang , He Xiahong
Published: May 2023

To determine Calculation method of sprinkler and micro-sprinklers, computational models of sprinkler pattern radius model is established which based on hydraulic parameters of nozzle diameter, working pressure, Installation Heights, spray elevation angle, discharge coefficient, wind direction and speed, water flow regime, and water droplet motion in air, etc., as well by Newton's second law of motion, aerodynamics, and fluid mechanics principles, and by experimental verification for common sprinkler pattern radius, nozzle diameter, working pressure, spray elevation angle, Installation Heights, and wind direction and speed. The results indicate that sprinkler pattern radius with nozzle diameter, working pressure, Installation Heights, spray elevation angle, discharge coefficient, wind direction and speed, water flow regime, and droplet motion in air was in highly significant correlation, the sprinkler pattern radius Progressive decreases around the sprinkler along the sprinkler pattern radius direction, as well increases by 5.2342%~10.6278% in the downwind direction and decreases by 4.6897%~9.8623% in the headwind direction compared with no wind. The wind speed increases, then the range decreases, and the wind direction shifts, then the range shifts, so the wind direction wind speed changes then the range changes. The coefficients of determination, the consistency Index, the root mean square error, absolute error, relative error between calculated Values and Measured Values of computational models are 0.9146, 0.9205, 8.7748%, 10.4980%, 8.2524% and 8.1421%, respectively. The smaller coefficients of determination and the consistency Index of calculated Values and Measured Values of computational model under windy conditions comparing with no wind, as well the larger root error, deviation, absolute error and relative error. The calculation model in this paper has a clear principle, comprehensive influence factors, complete physical meaning, high calculation accuracy, small error, and wide applicability. This calculation model can effectively reflect the nozzle range change law. This study provides theoretical basis for determining the sprinkler hydraulic performance and provides technology support for Planning and Design of sprinkler irrigation system.
An improved feature selection algorithm for cow subclinical mastitis
Authors: DAI YONGQIANG , WANG ZHIHUI , LIU HUAN , LIU LEILEI
Published: May 2023

Background
Features of Dairy Herd Improvement dataset used for diagnosing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows contain important information about whether cows have subclinical mastitis, but they may also contain features that are unrelated or weakly related to the disease. The existence of these irrelevant or weakly correlated feature data increases the prediction time using machine learning models on the one hand, and reduces the accuracy of prediction on the other hand. In order to improve the prediction efficiency of the machine learning model of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows, feature selection is needed for Dairy Herd Improvement data.
Results
In this paper, an improved moth-flame feature selection algorithm was proposed and applied to the classification and prediction of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. By introducing the dynamic adjustment strategy of flight direction and the position crossover strategy, the algorithm continuously generates new individuals while dynamically adjusting the flight direction of moths, which effectively avoids the feature selection algorithm falling into local optimum. By adaptively adjusting the number of flames, the population diversity is enhanced in the global exploration stage of the algorithm, and the premature convergence of the feature selection algorithm is avoided.
Conclusion
The improved feature selection algorithm and other comparison algorithms are experimentally verified on University of California Irvine (UCI) data sets and dairy cow subclinical mastitis disease data sets. The experimental results showed that the algorithm had better feature screening ability than other algorithms, and effectively improved the prediction performance of dairy cow recessive mastitis disease.
Implementation of a Machine Learning Approach to Model and Assess Student Spatial Intelligence for Advancing STEM Education
Authors: Zafari Mostafa , Koochi Fatemeh , Sadeghi-Niaraki Abolghasem , Choi Soo-Mi , Tamer Abuhmed
Published: May 2023

Spatial intelligence (SI) is the leverage that helps students to have a deeper understanding of concepts of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and obtain outstanding academic achievement in STEM. The main objective of this research is to find effective factors in SI. Then, based on those factors, a machine learning (ML) model is developed for estimating students’ SI. To do that, data of 40 features such as demographic, behavioral, environmental and interest were collected from 396 high school students. Chi2, Boruta and Genetic algorithms were employed for identifying the most important features. Subsequently, 18 features were used to develop ML models. The ML models (Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, Multi-Layer Perceptron) achieved accuracy rates of 0.89, 0.84, and 0.78 on the test set. The stack model further increased accuracy to 0.92. The findings of this research have important implications in STEM. The model can estimate students' academic achievement in STEM by measuring their SI and using this for major selection, reducing the dropout rate, predicting student performance, and identifying and helping weaker students. Furthermore, by improving students' SI using the identified features, the quality of education can be enhanced, leading to more efficient and effective learning outcomes for students.
Facial expression intensity estimation using label-distribution-learning-enhanced ordinal regression
Authors: Xu Ruyi , Wang Zhun , Chen Jingying , Zhou Longpu
Published: May 2023

Facial expression intensity estimation has promising applications in health care and affective computing, such as monitoring patients’ pain feelings. However, labeling facial expression intensity is a specialized and time-consuming task. To overcome the lack of labeled data, a variety of ordinal regression (OR) models have been presented to estimate the relative intensity of each expression image within a sequence in an unsupervised setting. However, these models cannot estimate absolute intensity without actual intensity labels. To overcome this problem, this paper introduces the label-distribution-learning-enhanced OR (LDL-EOR) approach for facial expression intensity estimation. LDL-EOR learns relative intensity with OR and absolute intensity by using the label distribution to resist the noisy labels caused by the biases of manual and automatic labeling. This design aims to improve the accuracy of absolute intensity estimation while keeping the cost of manual labeling low. The label distribution is converted into a continuous intensity value by calculating the mathematical expectation, which makes the prediction results meet both relative and absolute intensity constraints. Ensuring the feasibility of LDL-EOR in different supervised settings, this paper presents a unified label distribution generation framework to automatically rela-bel training data frame by frame. The generated soft labels are used to supervise the LDL-EOR model and enhance its robustness to the noise existing in the original labels. Numerous experiments were conducted on three public expression datasets (CK+, BU-4DFE, and PAIN) to validate the superiority of LDL-EOR relative to other state-of-the-art approaches.
Arterial systolic hypertension and End Stage Renal Diseases in young patients: an epidemiologic survey on the Sicilian Registry of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation.
Authors: Calabrese Vincenzo , Cernaro Valeria , Gembillo Guido , Longhitano Elisa , Conti Giovanni , Battaglia Giorgio , Santoro Domenico , Casuscelli Chiara
Published: May 2023

Background: Audits allow analyzing of the delivery of care and the prevalence of diseases. This study investigated kidney diseases’ impact on ERSD in patients below 30 years.
Methods: This study evaluated patients who started dialysis before 30 years retrieved in Sicilian Registry of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. The population was divided into two groups, according to the presence or absence of specific diagnosis. Baseline features were reported as mean±sd, median[IQR], n(%). Student-T-test or Mann-Whitney-test or Pearson-Chi-Square-test were performed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to detect the association between the variables and the unknown diagnosis, and each variable related with a pvalue less than 0.2 was added in multivariate model. ROC-curve were performed included multivariate predicted value as independent variable.
Results: 145patients started dialysis before the 30years. Between patients with and without diagnosis, ACEI intake and blood pressure differed enough to be considered as possible confounding. Logistic regression showed blood pressure and ACEI seemed to be related to the unknown diagnosis. Roc-curve provided an AUC=0.689.
Conclusion: Although KDIGO didn’t include hypertension among biopsy indications, our data suggested to perform biopsy in young patients with hypertension and worsening in renal function could improve kidney diagnosis management.
Procedure-Specific Risks of Robotic Simultaneous Resection of Colorectal Cancer and Synchronous Liver Metastases
Authors: Radomski Shannon N. , Chen Sophia Y. , Stem Miloslawa , Done Joy Zhou , Atallah Chady , Safar Bashar , Efron Jonathan E. , Gabre-Kidan Alodia
Published: May 2023

An estimated 25% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) present with distant metastases at the time of diagnosis, the most common site being the liver. Controversy exists regarding the safety of a simultaneous versus staged approach to resections in these patients, but reports have shown that minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches can mitigate morbidity. This is the first study utilizing a large national database to investigate colorectal and hepatic procedure-specific risks in robotic simultaneous resections for CRC and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Utilizing the ACS-NSQIP targeted colectomy, proctectomy, and hepatectomy files, 1,550 patients were identified who underwent simultaneous resections of CRC and CRLM from 2016–2020. Of these patients, 311 (20%) underwent resections by an MIS approach, defined as an either laparoscopic (n = 241, 78%) or robotic (n = 70, 23%). Patients who underwent robotic resections had lower rates of ileus compared to those who had an open surgery. The robotic group had similar rates of 30-day anastomotic leak, bile leak, hepatic failure, and post operative invasive hepatic procedures compared to both the open and laparoscopic groups. The rate of conversion to open was significantly lower for robotic compared to laparoscopic group (9% vs. 22%, p = 0.012). This report is the largest study to date of robotic simultaneous CRC and CRLM resections reported in the literature and supports the safety and potential benefits of this approach.
Effect of surface diffusion on rapid gas transport in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Xudi , Xu Feng , Liu Wenhui , Zheng Yiming , Bi Hailin , Cao Qing
Published: May 2023

Many studies on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have revealed that gas transport behaves differently at the nanoscale compared to the macroscale. While traditional gas transport models do not account for the effect of adsorption, as the adsorbed gases at the macroscopic level are relatively minor and can be ignored, the significant specific surface area of nanochannels leads to a significant increase in the proportion of adsorbed gases. Therefore, the impact of adsorption on gas transport must be taken into consideration. In this study, the diffusion and adsorption behaviors of different gas molecules inside CNTs of different diameters were simulated based on equilibrium molecular dynamic and Grand canonical Monte Carlo methods. The transport diffusion coefficients of gases were calculated using flux correlation functions, and the surface diffusion coefficients of gases were derived by combining with rarefied gas kinetics. The results show that the transport diffusion coefficients of gases in carbon nanotubes are several times or even one order of magnitude higher than those calculated by Knudsen's equation, and the surface diffusion of adsorbed molecules in carbon nanotubes is responsible for the rapid transport, and for the first time, the surface diffusion coefficient of different adsorbed gases in CNTs at different pressures and diameters is derived.
Twenty-seven-gauge vitrectomy: A consecutive, single-centre case series with exclusive use over a 4-year period.
Authors: Ng Eugene , Masalkhi Mouayad , Steel David H. , Pavičić-Astaloš Jasna , Nolan Claire , Mernagh Sarah , Ankamah Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

Background: To assess the safety and effectiveness of the exclusive use of 27-gauge instruments for all vitreoretinal diseases requiring vitrectomy.
Methods: In this retrospective study, 1020 consecutive surgeries were performed on 958 eyes of 848 patients using 27-gauge instruments from March 2017 to June 2021. Patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 months were included. Surgical case-mix, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), intra- and post-operative complications, and surgery times were recorded.
Results: The study patients were followed up for averagely 11 months. Of the 1020 vitrectomies, 958 were primary procedures. Of the 148 retinal detachment (RD) cases, 138 (93%) required a single vitrectomy. Primary macular hole closure was achieved in 143 of 145 (99%) cases. The average surgical times were 55 and 38 minutes for RD surgeries and for all other indications, respectively.
BCVA improved significantly at the final visit (20/49) compared with the pre-operative visit (20/78) (p<0.01). IOP was similar at the pre-operative (14.8mmHg) and final (14.3mmHg) visits. Complications recorded include transient hypotony in 39 eyes, iatrogenic retinal breaks in 2 eyes, and a vitreous bleed in 1 other eye.
Conclusion: This study revealed that 27-gauge vitrectomy instruments can be used for a wide range of indications, with exclusive use in certain settings. The outcomes were similar to other gauges, including for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, with minimal complications.
The Influencer Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Radioiodine Relevant to Lacrimal Gland Impairment Running Title: Dexmedetomidine on Radioionized Lacrimal Gland
Authors: Şingar Evin , Akbulut Aylin , Koca Gökhan , Yazıhan Nuray , Atılgan Hasan İkbal , Yumuşak Nihat , Demir Ayten , Burcu Ayse , Korkmaz Meliha
Published: May 2023

Purpose
To assess the potential influencing effects of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) at impaired lacrimal glands after high-dose radioiodine treatment (RAI).
Materials and methods
Thirty-six rats were arbitrarily seperated into 3 groups; Sham, RAI and DEX group. DEX group were given DEX and RAI, Sham group were given same millimeters of saline and RAI group were given RAI only. All forms of lacrimal glands including harderian glands (HG), extraorbital (EG) and intraorbital (IG) lacrimal glands were evaluated for immunohistochemic, histopathologic assessments and also for tissue cytokines, oxidant and antioxidant levels.
Results
DEX significantly ameliorated histopathologic changes such as; periacinar fibrosis, acinar atrophy, lymphocytic infiltration, ductal proliferation, lipofuscin-like accumulation, and nucleus changes caused by RAI in all lacrimal gland forms (p < 0.05 for all of the parameters). However, periductal fibrosis was improved significantly only in EG (p = 0.049) and mast cell infiltration was improved significantly only in IG (p = 0.038) in DEX groups. There was a significant decrease in the elevated caspase-3 and TUNEL levels after RAI administration in the DEX group in all lacrimal gland forms (p < 0.05 for all parameters). DEX attenuated NF-kb, TNF-α, IL-6 levels and significantly diminished total oxidant status and raised total antioxidant status levels (p < 0.05 for all of the parameters).
Conclusions
The results of this study demonstrated that following RAI, DEX diminished inflammation, tissue cytokine levels and apoptosis and ameliorated impaired histopathologic pattern of the lacrimal glands.
Deciphering spatial domains from spatial multi-omics with SpatialGlue
Authors: Long Yahui , Ang Kok Siong , Liao Sha , Sethi Raman , Heng Yang , Zhong Chengwei , XU Hang , Husna Nazihah , Jian Min , Ng Lai Guan , Chen Ao , Gascoigne Nicholas , Xu Xun , Chen Jinmiao
Published: May 2023

Integration of multiple data modalities in a spatially informed manner remains an unmet need for exploiting spatial multi-omics data. Here, we introduce SpatialGlue, a novel graph neural network with dual-attention mechanism, to decipher spatial domains by capturing the significance of each modality and neighbor graph in cross-omics and intra-omics integration. We demonstrate that SpatialGlue can accurately aggregate cell types into spatial domains at a higher resolution across different tissue types and technology platforms, as well as gain biological insights into cross-modality spatial correlations.
Information System Usage Behavior: Employees’ Identification, Gender, and Collectivism Perspective
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Farooq Mariam , Farooq Omer , Afzal Sadia
Published: May 2023

We explore concurrent interactive effects by examining how employees’ cultural differences and gender interact with organizational identification to influence their adoption of a new information system (IS). Using social identity theory, we present an integrated model to understand the effect of organizational identification on employees' IS usage behavior through the mediation of attitude, along with the moderating role of gender and cultural orientations (i.e., collectivism). Data were obtained from 370 respondents working in different banks. The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that organizational identification positively influences employees’ adoption of new banking IS via the full mediation of attitude. Furthermore, both gender and employees' cultural orientation appear as important and significant boundary conditions of this process.
Orbital pathways for a Lunar-Ejecta Origin of the Near-Earth Asteroid Kamo`oalewa
Authors: Malhotra Renu , Rosengren Aaron , Castro-Cisneros Jose
Published: May 2023

The near-Earth asteroid, Kamo‘oalewa (469219), is one of a small number of known quasi-satellites of Earth. Numerical simulations show that it transitions between quasi-satellite and horseshoe orbital states on centennial timescales, maintaining this dynamics over megayears. Its reflectance spectrum suggest a similarity to lunar silicates. Considering its Earth-like orbit and its physical resemblance to lunar surface materials, we explore the hypothesis that it might have originated as a debris-fragment from a meteoroidal impact with the lunar surface. We carry out numerical simulations of the dynamical evolution of particles launched from different locations on the lunar surface with a range of ejection velocities. As these ejecta escape the Earth-Moon environment and evolve into heliocentric orbits, we find that a small fraction of launch conditions yield outcomes that are compatible with Kamo‘oalewa’s dynamical behavior. The most favored conditions are launch velocities slightly above the escape velocity from the trailing lunar hemisphere.