bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Shoulder Injuries in Sonographers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alshuwaer Thamer Abdullah , Gilman Frances
Published: May 2019

Shoulder injury and pain are the most commonly reported work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) among sonographers. Shoulder injury can affect the sonographer’s performance, which may lead to a reduction in the quality of services to patients. Therefore, sonographers must protect themselves from shoulder injury to provide high-quality services, work efficiently, conserve their future career, and improve their quality of life. A review of literature was conducted, revealing evidence to suggest ways to prevent various injuries to sonographers, but only a few studies in the past 10 years have focused specifically on shoulder injury. Good posture, ergonomics, and suitable workspace design play important roles in reducing the rates of shoulder injury. In addition, increasing the sonographer’s awareness of how to prevent shoulder injury and the supervisor’s knowledge about the protection from WRMSDs can decrease the rates of shoulder injury among sonographers.
Tropism of influenza B viruses in human respiratory tract explants and airway organoids
Authors: Bui Christine H.T. , Chan Renee W.Y. , Ng Mandy M.T. , Cheung M-C. , Ng Ka-chun , Chan Megan P.K. , Chan Louisa L.Y. , Fong Joanne H.M. , Nicholls J.M. , Peiris J.S. Malik , Chan Michael C.W.
Published: May 2019

Despite causing regular seasonal epidemics with substantial morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic burden, there is still a lack of research into influenza B viruses (IBVs). In this study, we provide for the first time a systematic investigation on the tropism, replication kinetics and pathogenesis of IBVs in the human respiratory tract.

Physiologically relevantex vivoexplant cultures of human bronchus and lung, human airway organoids, andin vitrocultures of differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells and type-I-like alveolar epithelial cells were used to study the cellular and tissue tropism, replication competence and induced innate immune response of 16 IBV strains isolated from 1940 to 2012 in comparison with human seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs), H1N1 and H3N2. IBVs from the diverged Yamagata- and Victoria-like lineages and the earlier undiverged period were included.

The majority of IBVs replicated productively in human bronchus and lung with similar competence to seasonal IAVs. IBVs infected a variety of cell types, including ciliated cells, club cells, goblet cells and basal cells, in human airway organoids. Like seasonal IAVs, IBVs are low inducers of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Most results suggested a higher preference for the conducting airway than the lower lung and strain-specific rather than lineage-specific pathogenicity of IBVs.

Our results highlighted the non-negligible virulence of IBVs which require more attention and further investigation to alleviate the disease burden, especially when treatment options are limited.
Comparison of Long-Term Outcome of Schizophrenic, Affective and Schizoaffective Disorders
Authors: Marneros Andreas , Deister Arno , Rohde Anke
Published: May 2019

Kraepelin's assumption that affective psychoses always have a ‘good‘ outcome was found to be untrue — it could not differentiate affective from schizophrenic disorders. Long-term investigations have shown that a relevant proportion of affective disorders have an ‘unfavourable outcome’ (Angst, 1987; Marneros & Deister, 1990; Marneros et al, 1990b), while some schizophrenic disorders can have a good prognosis (Bleuler, 1972; Ciompi & Müller, 1976; Huber et al, 1979; Möller & von Zerssen, 1986; Marneros et al, 1989a, 1990b, 1991b).
Non-verbal Behavioural Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Gaebel Wolfgang
Published: May 2019

Psychiatric disorders are psychopathologically characterised by signs and symptoms. Although diagnosis and classification rely heavily on the patient's report of subjectively experienced symptoms, the assessment of the underlying psychopathological process can be impaired by the patient's distorted self-image, his cognitive abnormalities, and his limited capacity to express himself verbally. Non-verbal behaviour, however, lends itself to objective and generalisable assessments: it can be reliably and accurately observed and measured, and although subject to cultural influence, it is the infant's most elementary form of self-expression (Gaebel, 1990). In addition, it plays a major role in interpersonal communication, which is disturbed in all psychiatric disorders. Therefore, the analysis of non-verbal behavioural dysfunction offers an important approach to the complex biopsychosocial framework of mental disorders.
Family Interaction Versus Individual Psychopathology
Authors: Goldstein Michael J. , Talovic Sharon A. , Nuechterlein Keith H. , Fogelson David L. , Subotnik Kenneth L. , Asarnow Robert F.
Published: May 2019

Numerous studies have examined whether certain specific attributes of intrafamilial attitudes and relationships are related to the onset and course of schizophrenia. A frequent underlying assumption of this research has been that these attributes interact with a biological predisposition to the disorder, raising or lowering the probability of its expression or of recurrences, once the initial onset has appeared. Previous work within a longitudinal study of disturbed adolescents indicated that a number of qualities in parents were associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorder, particularly deviant communication and negative affective attitudes and interaction behaviour (Goldstein, 1987). In assessing the quality of communication, the construct and operational definition of communication deviance (CD) as elucidated by Wynne et al (1976) were used. With regard to affective attitudes, the operational definition of high expressed emotion (EE), developed by Brown et al (1972) and by Vaughn & Leff (1976), was used, while affective interactive behaviour was coded using the affective style system of Doane et al (1981).
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Profiles Are Prognostic of Outcome in Neuroblastoma and Reveal Transcriptional Networks That Correlate With Tumor Phenotype
Authors: Applebaum Mark A. , Barr Erin K. , Karpus Jason , Nie Ji , Zhang Zhou , Armstrong Amy E. , Uppal Sakshi , Sukhanova Madina , Zhang Wei , Chlenski Alexandre , Salwen Helen R. , Wilkinson Emma , Dobratic Marija , Grossman Robert , Godley Lucy A. , Stranger Barbara E. , He Chuan , Cohn Susan L.
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

Whole-genome profiles of the epigenetic modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) are robust diagnostic biomarkers in adult patients with cancer. We investigated if 5-hmC profiles would serve as novel prognostic markers in neuroblastoma, a clinically heterogeneous pediatric cancer. Because this DNA modification facilitates active gene expression, we hypothesized that 5-hmC profiles would identify transcriptomic networks driving the clinical behavior of neuroblastoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Nano-hmC-Seal sequencing was performed on DNA from Discovery (n = 51), Validation (n = 38), and Children’s Oncology Group (n = 20) cohorts of neuroblastoma tumors. RNA was isolated from 48 tumors for RNA sequencing. Genes with differential 5-hmC or expression between clusters were identified using DESeq2. A 5-hmC model predicting outcome in high-risk patients was established using linear discriminant analysis.

RESULTS

Comparison of low- versus high-risk tumors in the Discovery cohort revealed 577 genes with differential 5-hmC. Hierarchical clustering of tumors from the Discovery and Validation cohorts using these genes identified two main clusters highly associated with established prognostic markers, clinical risk group, and outcome. Genes with increased 5-hmC and expression in the favorable cluster were enriched for pathways of neuronal differentiation and KRAS activation, whereas genes involved in inflammation and the PRC2 complex were identified in the unfavorable cluster. The linear discriminant analysis model trained on high-risk Discovery cohort tumors was prognostic of outcome when applied to high-risk tumors from the Validation and Children’s Oncology Group cohorts (hazard ratio, 3.8).

CONCLUSION

5-hmC profiles may be optimal DNA-based biomarkers in neuroblastoma. Analysis of transcriptional networks regulated by these epigenomic modifications may lead to a deeper understanding of drivers of neuroblastoma phenotype.
A Prospective Study of Early Pregnancy Essential Metal(loid)s and Glucose Levels Late in the Second Trimester
Authors: Zheng Yinnan , Zhang Cuilin , Weisskopf Marc , Williams Paige L , Parsons Patrick J , Palmer Christopher D , Buck Louis Germaine M , James-Todd Tamarra
Published: May 2019

Context

Studies suggest many essential trace metal(loid)s are involved in glucose metabolism, but the associations among pregnant women are unclear.

Objective

To assess associations between early pregnancy plasma zinc, selenium, copper, and molybdenum levels and blood glucose levels later in the second trimester.

Design

The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies‒Singleton Cohort is a prospective cohort study conducted between July 2009 and January 2013.

Setting

Twelve academic research hospitals in the United States.

Patients

A total of 1857 multiracial, nonobese, healthy women.

Main Outcome Measure

Blood glucose levels from 1-hour 50-g gestational load test (GLT) at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation.

Results

Higher concentrations of first-trimester copper were associated with higher glucose levels from the GLT (i.e., every 50% increase in copper concentration was related to 4.9 mg/dL higher glucose level; 95% CI: 2.2, 7.5 mg/dL) adjusted for maternal sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive history. In contrast, every 50% increase in molybdenum concentration was associated with 1.2 mg/dL lower mean glucose level (95% CI: −2.3, −0.1 mg/dL). The magnitude of these associations was greater at the upper tails of glucose level distribution based on quantile regressions of the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles.

Conclusions

Higher copper and lower molybdenum concentrations could increase the risk of glucose dysregulation during pregnancy, with women at higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus potentially affected to a greater extent. Further work is needed to understand the mechanisms involved with early pregnancy essential metal(loid)s to inform clinical diagnosis and prevention of glucose intolerance during pregnancy.
Honey bees flexibly use two navigational memories when updating dance distance information
Authors: Chatterjee Arumoy , George Ebi A. , Prabhudev M. V. , Basu Pallab , Brockmann Axel
Published: May 2019

Honey bees can communicate navigational information which makes them unique amongst all prominent insect navigators. Returning foragers recruit nest mates to a food source by communicating flight distance and direction using a small scale walking pattern: the waggle dance. It is still unclear how bees transpose flight information to generate corresponding dance information. In single feeder shift experiments, we monitored for the first time how individual bees update dance duration after a shift of feeder distance. Interestingly, the majority of bees (86%) needed two or more foraging trips to update dance duration. This finding demonstrates that transposing flight navigation information to dance information is not a reflexive behavior. Furthermore, many bees showed intermediate dance durations during the update process, indicating that honey bees highly likely use two memories: (i) a recently acquired navigation experience and (ii) a previously stored flight experience. Double shift experiments, in which the feeder was moved forward-backward, created an experimental condition in which honey bee foragers did not update dance duration; suggesting the involvement of more complex memory processes. Our behavioral paradigm allows the dissociation of foraging and dance activity and opens a possibility to study the molecular and neural processes underlying the waggle dance behavior.
Turtles maintain mitochondrial integrity but reduce mitochondrial respiratory capacity in the heart after cold-acclimation and anoxia
Authors: Bundgaard Amanda , Qvortrup Klaus , Rasmussen Lene Juel , Fago Angela
Published: May 2019

Mitochondria are important to cellular homeostasis, but can become a dangerous liability when cells recover from hypoxia. Anoxia-tolerant freshwater turtles show reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after prolonged anoxia, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated whether this mitochondrial suppression originates from downregulation of mitochondrial content or intrinsic activity by comparing heart mitochondria from 1) warm (25°C) normoxic, 2) cold-acclimated (4°C) normoxic, and 3) cold-acclimated anoxic turtles. Transmission electron microscopy of heart ventricle revealed that these treatments did not affect mitochondrial volume density and morphology. Furthermore, neither enzyme activity, protein content nor supercomplex distribution of electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes changed significantly. Instead, our data imply that turtles inhibit mitochondrial respiration rate and ROS production by a cumulative effect of slight inhibition of ETC complexes. Together, these results show that maintaining mitochondrial integrity while inhibiting overall enzyme activities are important aspects of anoxia-tolerance.
Unique evolution of vitamin A as an external pigment in tropical starlings
Authors: Galván Ismael , Murtada Khaled , Jorge Alberto , Ríos Ángel , Zougagh Mohammed
Published: May 2019

Pigments are largely responsible for the appearance of organisms. Most biological pigments derive from the metabolism of shikimic acid (melanins), mevalonic acid (carotenoids) or levulinic acid (porphyrins), which thus generate the observed diversity of external phenotypes. Starlings are generally dark birds despite iridescence in feathers, but 10 % of species have evolved plumage pigmentation comprising bright colors that are known to be produced only by carotenoids. However, using micro-Raman spectroscopy, we have discovered that the bright yellow plumage coloration of one of these species, the Afrotropical golden-breasted starling Cosmopsarus regius, is not produced by carotenoids, but by vitamin A (all-trans-retinol). This is the first organism reported to deposit significant amounts of vitamin A in its integument and use it as a body pigment. Phylogenetic reconstructions reveal that the retinol-based pigmentation of the golden-breasted starling has independently appeared in the starling family from dark ancestors. Our study thus unveils a unique evolution of a new class of external pigments comprised by retinoids.
Sedentary Behavior and Health: Update from the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee
Authors: KATZMARZYK PETER T. , POWELL KENNETH E. , JAKICIC JOHN M. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , PIERCY KATRINA , TENNANT BETHANY
Published: May 2019

Purpose

To provide an overview of relationships between sedentary behavior and mortality as well as incidence of several noncommunicable diseases and weight status reported in the2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report(2018 PAGAC Scientific Report), and to update the evidence from recent studies.

Methods

Evidence related to sedentary behavior in the 2018 PAGAC Scientific Report was summarized, and a systematic review was undertaken to identify original studies published between January 2017 and February 2018.

Results

The 2018 PAGAC Scientific Report concluded there was strong evidence that high amounts of sedentary behavior increase the risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and incident CVD and type 2 diabetes. Moderate evidence indicated sedentary behavior is associated with incident endometrial, colon and lung cancer. Limited evidence suggested sedentary behavior is associated with cancer mortality and weight status. There was strong evidence that the hazardous effects of sedentary behavior are more pronounced in physically inactive people. Evidence was insufficient to determine if bout length or breaks in sedentary behavior are associated with health outcomes. The new literature search yielded seven new studies for all-cause mortality, two for CVD mortality, two for cancer mortality, four for type 2 diabetes, one for weight status, and four for cancer; no new studies were identified for CVD incidence. Results of the new studies supported the conclusions in the 2018 PAGAC Scientific Report.

Conclusions

The results of the updated search add further evidence on the association between sedentary behavior and health. Further research is required on how sex, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and weight status may modify associations between sedentary behavior and health outcomes.
Physical Activity and the Prevention of Weight Gain in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: JAKICIC JOHN M. , POWELL KENNETH E. , CAMPBELL WAYNE W. , DIPIETRO LORETTA , PATE RUSSELL R. , PESCATELLO LINDA S. , COLLINS KATHERINE A. , BLOODGOOD BONNY , PIERCY KATRINA L.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

To conduct a systematic literature review to determine if physical activity is associated with prevention of weight gain in adults.

Methods

The primary literature search was conducted for the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee and encompassed literature through June 2017, with an additional literature search conducted to include literature published through March 2018 for inclusion in this systematic review.

Results

The literature review identified 40 articles pertinent to the research question. There is strong evidence of an association between physical activity and prevention of weight gain in adults, with the majority of the evidence from prospective cohort studies. Based on limited evidence in adults, however, there is a dose–response relationship and the prevention of weight gain is most pronounced when moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (≥3 METs) is above 150 min·wk−1. Although there is strong evidence to demonstrate that the relationship between greater time spent in physical activity and attenuated weight gain in adults is observed with moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, there is insufficient evidence available to determine if there is an association between light-intensity activity (<3 METs) and attenuated weight gain in adults.

Conclusions

The scientific evidence supports that physical activity can be an effective lifestyle behavior to prevent or minimize weight gain in adults. Therefore, public health initiatives to prevent weight gain, overweight, and obesity should include physical activity as an important lifestyle behavior.
Physical Activity, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: KRAUS WILLIAM E. , POWELL KENNETH E. , HASKELL WILLIAM L. , JANZ KATHLEEN F. , CAMPBELL WAYNE W. , JAKICIC JOHN M. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , SPROW KYLE , TORRES ANDREA , PIERCY KATRINA L.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Conduct a systematic umbrella review to evaluate the relationship of physical activity (PA) with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD); to evaluate the shape of the dose–response relationships; and to evaluate these relationships relative to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report.

Methods

Primary search encompassing 2006 to March, 2018 for existing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses reporting on these relationships. Graded the strength of evidence using a matrix developed for the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee.

Results

The association of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and atherosclerotic CVD—including incident coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke and heart failure—are very similar. Increasing MVPA to guidelines amounts in the inactive US population has the potential to have an important and substantial positive impact on these outcomes in the adult population. The following points are clear: the associations of PA with beneficial health outcomes begin when adopting very modest (one‐third of guidelines) amounts; any MVPA is better than none; meeting the 2008 PA guidelines reduces mortality and CVD risk to about 75% of the maximal benefit obtained by physical activity alone; PA amounts beyond guidelines recommendations amount reduces risk even more, but greater amounts of PA are required to obtain smaller health benefits; and there is no evidence of excess risk over the maximal effect observed at about three to five times the amounts associated with current guidelines. When PA is quantified in terms of energy expenditure (MET·h·wk−1), these relationships hold for walking, running, and biking.

Conclusions

To avoid the risks associated with premature mortality and the development of ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and all-cause heart failure, all adults should strive to reach the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
Physical Activity Promotion: Highlights from the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Systematic Review
Authors: KING ABBY C. , WHITT-GLOVER MELICIA C. , MARQUEZ DAVID X. , BUMAN MATTHEW P. , NAPOLITANO MELISSA A. , JAKICIC JOHN , FULTON JANET E. , TENNANT BETHANY L.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This article describes effective interventions to promote regular physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior that were identified as part of the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted of eligible systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and relevant governmental reports published between 2011 and 2016. For the physical activity promotion question, articles were first sorted by four social ecological levels of impact (i.e., individual, community, communication environment, and physical environment and policy levels) and then further sorted into more specific categories that emerged during the review process. For the sedentary behavior reduction question, the literature was sorted directly into emergent categories (i.e., youth, adult, and worksite interventions).

Results

Effective physical activity promotion strategies were identified at each level of impact, including those based on behavior change theories and those occurring at different settings throughout the community. Effective interventions also included those delivered in person by trained staff or peer volunteers and through different information and communication technologies, such as by phone, Web or Internet, and computer-tailored print. A range of built environment features were associated with more transit-based and recreational physical activity in children and adults. Effective sedentary reduction interventions were found for youth and in the workplace.

Conclusions

A promising number of interventions with demonstrated effectiveness were identified. Future recommendations for research include investigating the most useful methods for disseminating them to real-world settings; incorporating more diverse population subgroups, including vulnerable and underrepresented subgroups; collecting cost data to inform cost-effectiveness comparisons; and testing strategies across different levels of impact to determine which combinations achieve the greatest effects on different modes of physical activity across the week.
Ultrasound of the pediatric chest
Authors: Joshi Priscilla , Vasishta Aishvarya , Gupta Mayank
Published: May 2019

Cross-sectional imaging modalities like MRI and CT provide images of the chest which are easily understood by clinicians. However, these modalities may not always be available and are expensive. Lung ultrasonography (US) has therefore become an important tool in the hands of clinicians as an extension of the clinical exam, which has been underutilized by the radiologists. Reinforcement of the ALARA principle along with the dictum of “Image gently” have resulted in increased use of modalities which do not require radiation. Hence, ultrasound, which was earlier being used mainly to confirm the presence of pleural effusion as well as evaluate it and differentiate solid from cystic masses, is now being used to evaluate the lung as well. This review highlights the utility of ultrasound of the paediatric chest. It also describes the normal and abnormal appearances of the paediatric lung on ultrasound as well as the advantages and limitations of this modality.
O trabalho universitário: a experiência portuguesa
Authors: Caetano João Carlos Relvão
Published: May 2019

No presente artigo, faz-se uma análise do trabalho dos universitários portugueses no séc. XXI, partindo-se do que estabelece a lei. Analisa-se concretamente o artigo 4º do Estatuto da Carreira Docente Universitária (ECDU), que estabelece as funções dos docentes universitários (investigação, docência, transferência do conhecimento e gestão). Procura saber-se o que é o trabalho universitário, quem são os trabalhadores universitários portugueses e de que modo se comportam e por quê. Embora se parta da lei, a perspetiva teórica é interdisciplinar, apoiando-se em abundantes factos. Mostra-se a evolução do sistema universitário português nas últimas décadas e os refl exos que tem no desempenho dos agentes. Evidencia-se a complexidade das tarefas dos universitários portugueses nos inícios do novo século, as difi culdades de carreira e os desafi os que têm pela frente. Mostra-se a signifi cativa relevância do seu trabalho para o desenvolvimento da sociedade. Refl ete-se ainda sobre o reconhecimento que a lei, o Estado e a sociedade devem ter sobre o seu trabalho.
Submodular Risk Allocation
Authors: Ghamami Samim , Glasserman Paul
Published: May 2019

We analyze the optimal allocation of trades to portfolios when the cost associated with an allocation is proportional to each portfolio’s risk. Our investigation is motivated by changes in the over-the-counter derivatives markets, under which some contracts may be traded bilaterally or through central counterparties, splitting a set of trades into two or more portfolios. A derivatives dealer faces risk-based collateral and capital costs for each portfolio, and it seeks to minimize total margin requirements through its allocation of trades to portfolios. When margin requirements are submodular, the problem becomes a submodular intersection problem. Its dual provides per-trade margin attributions, and assigning trades to portfolios based on the lowest attributed costs yields an optimal allocation. As part of this investigation, we derive conditions under which standard deviation and other risk measures are submodular functions of sets of trades. We compare systemwide optimality with individually optimal allocations in a market with multiple dealers.

This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
OM Forum—Empirical Research in Operations Management: From Field Studies to Analyzing Digital Exhaust
Authors: Terwiesch Christian
Published: May 2019

The amount of empirical research in operations management that has been published in this journal and in Management Science has recently witnessed a significant increase. Beyond this increase in numbers, research questions and empirical methodologies have also changed substantially. Whereas empirical research in the 1990s was primarily carried out at the firm, plant, or project level, recent research focuses much more on microlevel phenomena. This shift in the unit of analysis has been made possible by advances in data generation and collection technologies. This trend is likely to continue as the digitization of modern work creates massive data trails, which archive the state of an operation at a very fine level of granularity. I will refer to such data, which result as a by-product of the digital planning and control of operations, as digital exhaust. As such microlevel data become available abundantly, new opportunities for research arise. However, such data also pose new challenges, including the need for careful theory development and a deep contextual understanding of the underlying data generation process.
Designing value propositions: An exploration and extension of Sinek’s ‘Golden Circle’ model
Authors: Straker Karla , Nusem Erez
Published: May 2019

Organizations feel compelled to tell us ‘what’ they do, without first explaining ‘why’ they do it. Part of the design process is first understanding the need (the why) before focusing on the outcome (the what). An organization’s ‘why’, if successful, can inspire employees and customers to buy-in long term, by resonating on a deeper, emotional level. Sinek’s ‘Golden Circle’ concept has been used to analyse 100 organization’s value propositions across sixteen industries to understand how they are currently communicating their what, how and why. Findings revealed that only 24 per cent of organizations expressed their ‘why’ explicitly compared to the how and what results. This article provides organizations with the tools to better understand their value through an iterative design process, providing an opportunity for organizations to develop their ‘why’ from the inside out. This article explains why the analysis of an organization’s value proposition should be the focus of what should be driving strategy decisions and communicated throughout the organization.
Rasio Neutrofil dan Limfosit (NLCR) Sebagai Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Infeksi Bakteri di Ruang Rawat Anak RSUP Sanglah Denpasar
Authors: Saputra I Made Yullyantara , Gustawan W , Utama MG Dwilingga , Arhana BNP
Published: May 2019

Latar belakang. Rasio neutrofil dan limfosit (NLCR) memiliki potensi sebagai prediktor bakteremia pada pasien dengan infeksi yang didapat di masyarakat. Insidensi bakteremia, atau adanya bakteri hidup dalam darah, mencapai sekitar 1% kasus pada populasi. Angka kematian mencapai 25%-30% dan meningkat hingga 50% pada sepsis berat.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan rasio neutrofil dan limfosit (NLCR) dengan kejadian infeksi bakteri.Metode. Sebuah studi kasus-kontrol dilakukan dengan meninjau rekam medis di RSUP Sanglah, Denpasar, pada periode Januari 2016 hingga Maret 2018. Data yang diambil adalah usia, jenis kelamin, kadar WBC, Neutrofil, limfosit, monosit, platelet, dan kultur darah. Kemudian dilakukan analisis hubungan antara rasio neutrofil dan limfosit terhadap infeksi aliran darah.Hasil. Selama periode studi didapatkan 98 pasien dengan hasil kultur positif dan 100 pasien dengan hasil kultur negatif. Dari total subjek yang dianalisis, didapatkan 116 (58,5%) subjek laki-laki dan 82 (40,9%) subjek perempuan. Median usia pada kelompok kasus adalah 12 bulan, sedangkan median usia pada kelompok kontrol adalah 24 bulan. Analisis kurva ROC menunjukkan nilai cut-off optimal untuk NLCR adalah 4,67. Rasio odd untuk hubungan antara NLCR dengan kejadian infeksi bakteri adalah 3,24 (95% IK 1,74 – 5,92) dan adjusted odds ratio sebesar 3,49 (95% IK 1,83-6,64).Kesimpulan. Nilai NLCR ≥4,67 merupakan faktor risiko untuk infeksi aliran darah yang berkembang. Hasil ini dapat digunakan sebagai titik potong untuk antibiotik yang awalnya diberikan untuk mencegah prognosis yang buruk (sepsis, kegagalan organ multipel, dan kematian).
SIMULATION OF LOW-GRADE COAL COMBUSTION IN REAL CHAMBERS OF ENERGY OBJECTS
Authors: Askarova Aliya , Bolegenova Saltanat , Bolegenova Symbat , Beketayeva Meruyert , Maximov Valeriy , Nugymanova Aizhan , Šafařík Pavel
Published: May 2019

The aim of the work is to create new computer technologies for 3D modelling of heat and mass transfer processes in high-temperature physicochemically reacting environments that will allow to determine the aerodynamics of the flow and heat and mass transfer characteristics of technological processes occurring in the combustion chambers in existing coal-fired thermal power plants of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The novelty of the research lies in the use of the latest information technologies of 3D modelling, which will enable project participants to obtain new data on complex heat and mass transfer processes when burning pulverized coal in real combustion chambers operating in Kazakhstan’s Thermal Power Plants (TPP). A numerical simulation, including thermodynamic, kinetic and threedimensional computer simulation of heat and mass transfer processes when burning low-grade fuel, will allow finding optimal conditions for setting adequate physical, mathematical and chemical models of the technological process of combustion of burning high ash coals. The computer modelling methods proposed for the development are new and technically feasible, since coal-fired power plants all over the world use all types of coal. The developed technologies will allow replacing or eliminating the conduct of expensive and labour-consuming natural experiments on coal-fired power plants.
COMPARISON OF ENERGY FLOW STREAM AND ISENTROPIC METHOD FOR STEAM TURBINE ENERGY ANALYSIS
Authors: Blažević Sebastijan , Mrzljak Vedran , Anđelić Nikola , Car Zlatan
Published: May 2019

In this paper, a comparison of two different methods for a steam turbine energy analysis is presented. A high-pressure steam turbine from a supercritical thermal power plant (HPT) was analysed at three different turbine loads using the energy flow stream (EFS) method and isentropic (IS) method. The EFS method is based on steam turbine input and output energy flow streams and on the real steam turbine produced power. The method is highly dependable on the steam mass flow rate lost through the turbine gland seals. The IS method is based on a comparison of turbine steam expansion processes. Observed energy analysis methods cannot be directly compared because they are based on different sources of steam turbine energy losses, so, an overall steam turbine energy analysis is presented. Unlike most steam turbines from the literature, the analysed HPT did not have the highest overall energy efficiency at a full load due to exceeding the water/steam critical pressure at the turbine inlet during such operation.
DETERMINATION OF DETONABLE GAS MIXTURE HEAT FLUXES AT THERMAL DEBURRING
Authors: Plankovskyy Sergey , Teodorczyk Andrzei , Shypul Olga , Tryfonov Oleg , Brega Dmytro
Published: May 2019

Modern technology requires a multitude of precise parts that are a necessity in reliable methods of surface finishing. Energy of detonable gas mixture combustion has been used in manufacturing as a processing source for a long time. One of the most underappreciated methods is thermal deburring; this is caused by certain difficulties in modelling and simulation of this process due to a complex and poorly predictable nature of the combustion. A theoretical approach towards thermal deburring process using the conception of an equivalent chamber is described. Processing of combined experimental and computational data results in a simplified model of thermal deburring in the case with deflagration and combustion with a shock waves formation. The proposed mathematical model was verified by an experimental investigation of the combustion in a shock tube, the difference of compared parameters did not exceed 3%. The heat fluxes at thermal deburring by combustible gas mixtures and their distribution on part surfaces according to the direction of the shock waves propagation were calculated. A relation between the value of the heat flux and shock waves propagation was found with a convincing repeating trend.
INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SYSTEM FOR HAZARD LEVEL ASSESSMENT AND EMERGENCY RISK FORECASTING
Authors: Yemelin Pavel V. , Kudryavtsev Sergey S. , Yemelina Natalya K.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the article is to present an analytical system that allows users to proces data necessary for an industrial risk analysis and management, to monitor the level of industrial safety in a given site, and to fulfil essential tasks within the field of occupational safety. This system’s implementation will make the industrial safety management at industrial sites more effective. Multifactorial, probabilistic, determined models of accidents’ hazard and severity indexes are integrated into the computing core of the Information and Analytical System. Then, statistical methods determine the risk assessment of occupational injuries and diseases. The Information and Analytical System for Hazard Level Assessment and Forecasting Risk of Emergencies in the Republic of Kazakhstan allows users to work efficiently with large volumes of information and form a united analytical electronic report about the state of industrial safety. The main objective of the monitoring system is to conduct a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the state of accidents, traumas and occupational sickness rates at industrial sites, the results being classified by the degree of hazard and insalubrity of manufacture. The introduction of the computer monitoring system in the specialized services of the Emergency Management Committee and the Ministry of Investment and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and at industrial enterprises throughout the country, will allow users to analyse the state of the industrial and occupational safety constantly and objectively; as a consequence, the implementation will go a long way towards comprehensively approaching the task of increasing safety levels at industrial sites.
PARTISIPASI SUAMI MELAKUKAN VASEKTOMI
Authors: Latifa Siti , Syafei Ermi Suhasti
Published: May 2019

Family Planning Program is handled by the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN),  is a form of human endeavor in order to address the population problem by controlling the population with the goal of achieving a prosperous and happy families. In Indonesia, a vasectomy is a contraceptive in the national family planning program, and  considered  the only way of the family planning for men who are the most secure, reliable and does not cost a lot to swallow.  Vasectomy is a method of family planning for men through a small operation with a knife or surgery without a knife to cut and tie the two lines so that the sperm at the time of intercourse, sperm can not fertilize an egg out the wife so that is not the case of pregnancy. It is clear that a vasectomy is different from other birth control methods, which are usually temporary, can be terminated at any time, here vasectomy is more permanent. This article examines participation of husbands in family planning in the perspective of Islamic.[Program Keluarga Berencana yang ditangani oleh Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) merupakan bentuk usaha manusia dalam rangka mengatasi masalah kependudukan melalui pengendalian penduduk dengan tujuan mewujudkan keluarga yang sejahtera dan bahagia. Di Indonesia, vasektomi merupakan salah satu kontrasepsi dalam program KB Nasional, dianggap satu-satunya cara ber-KB bagi pria yang paling aman, dapat dipercaya dan tidak menelan banyak biaya. Vasektomi merupakan cara ber-KB bagi pria melalui operasi kecil dengan menggunakan pisau operasi atau tanpa pisau untuk memotong dan mengikat kedua saluran sel mani sehingga pada waktu senggama, sperma tidak dapat keluar membuahi sel telur istri sehingga tidak terjadi kehamilan. Jelaslah bahwa vasektomi berbeda dengan metode-metode kontrasepsi lainnya, yang pada umumnya bersifat sementara, sewaktu-waktu dapat dihentikan, di sini vasektomi lebih bersifat permanen. Tulisan ini mengkaji peran serta suami melakukan vasektomi ditinjau dari hukum Islam.]
Prophylaxis Against Anthrax
Authors: Špliňo Miroslav , Patočka Jiří
Published: May 2019

The paper presents fundamental knowledge concerning Bacillus anthracis and its potential terrorist misuse. The basic clinical forms are resumed with emphasis on inhalation infection from inspiration of B. anthracis spores. The AVA vaccine licensed in the United States, primary vaccination, protective efficacy of the vaccine, and adverse events are characterised. Stress is laid on pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis of anthrax.
In Vitro Glycation of Aminotransferases: A Process Closely Depending on the Employed Experimental Conditions
Authors: Beránek Martin , Dršata Jaroslav , Palička Vladimír
Published: May 2019

The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of various experimental conditions, i.e., two different concentrations of D-fructose as a rapidly glycating substance and three incubation temperatures, on the glycation reaction of alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) expressed by decreasing catalytic activities of the enzymes during a 56 day in vitro incubation period. D-fructose in the concentration of 50 mmol/l did not inhibit the catalytic activity of either enzyme at 4 °C, partially inhibited AST activity in samples incubated at 25 °C (to 40% of the initial activity), and completely inhibited this enzyme at 37 °C at the end of the incubation period. In the presence of the same concentration of D-fructose, ALT showed no catalytic activity after 35 days at 25 °C or after 10 days at 37 °C. In 500 mmol/l D-fructose, complete AST inhibition was observed after 35 days (25 °C) or 20 days (37 °C), and no ALT activity was found on day 20 at either 25 °C or 37 °C. Taking into account the highest possible stability of enzymes, we suppose that a three-week observation of their residual catalytic activity in the presence of 50 mmol/l D-fructose at the temperature of 25 °C seems to be the most prospective experimental design for future glycation studies with aminotransferases under the influences of drugs.
Global Components of Positive Bounded Variation Solutions of a One-Dimensional Indefinite Quasilinear Neumann Problem
Authors: López-Gómez Julian , Omari Pierpaolo
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates the topological structure of the set of the positive solutions of the one-dimensional quasilinear indefinite Neumann problem

{-(u′1+u′2)′=λ⁢a⁢(x)⁢f⁢(u) in ⁢(0,1),u′⁢(0)=0,u′⁢(1)=0,\begin{dcases}-\Bigg{(}\frac{u^{\prime}}{\sqrt{1+{u^{\prime}}^{2}}}\Bigg{)}^{% \prime}=\lambda a(x)f(u)\quad\text{in }(0,1),\\ u^{\prime}(0)=0,\quad u^{\prime}(1)=0,\end{dcases}

whereλ∈ℝ{\lambda\in\mathbb{R}}is a parameter,a∈L∞⁢(0,1){a\in L^{\infty}(0,1)}changes sign, andf∈C1⁢(ℝ){f\in C^{1}(\mathbb{R})}is positive in(0,+∞){(0,+\infty)}. The attention is focused on the casef⁢(0)=0{f(0)=0}andf′⁢(0)=1{f^{\prime}(0)=1}, where we can prove, likely for the first time in the literature, a bifurcation result for this problem in the space of bounded variation functions. Namely, the existence of global connected components of the set of the positive solutions, emanating from the line of the trivial solutions at the two principal eigenvalues of the linearized problem around 0, is established. The solutions in these components are regular, as long as they are small, while they may develop jump singularities at the nodes of the weight functiona, as they become larger, thus showing the possible coexistence along the same component of regular and singular solutions.
Inequalities for nonuniform wavelet frames
Authors: Shah Firdous A.
Published: May 2019

Gabardo and Nashed studied nonuniform wavelets by using the theory of spectral pairs for which the translation set

Λ
=

{
0
,

r
/
N

}

+

2
⁢
ℤ

{\Lambda=\{0,r/N\}+2\mathbb{Z}}

is no longer a discrete subgroup of

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

but a spectrum associated with a certain one-dimensional spectral pair.
In this paper, we establish three sufficient conditions for the nonuniform wavelet system

{

ψ

j
,
λ

⁢

(
x
)

=

(

2
⁢
N

)

j
/
2

⁢
ψ
⁢

(

(

2
⁢
N

)

j

⁢
x

-
λ

)

,

j
∈
ℤ

,

λ
∈
Λ

}

{\{\psi_{j,\lambda}(x)=(2N)^{j/2}\psi((2N)^{j}x-\lambda),\,j\in\mathbb{Z},\,%
\lambda\in\Lambda\}}

to be a frame for

L
2

⁢

(
ℝ
)

{L^{2}(\mathbb{R})}

.
The proposed inequalities are stated in terms of Fourier transforms and hold without any decay assumptions on the generator of such a system.
Characterizing realcompact locales via remainders
Authors: Dube Themba
Published: May 2019

We prove that a completely regular locale L is realcompact if and only if the “remainder”

β
⁢
L

∖
L

{\beta L\smallsetminus L}

is the join of the zero-sublocales of

β
⁢
L

{\beta L}

that miss L. This extends a result of Mrówka which characterizes realcompact spaces in terms of their remainders in Stone–Čech compactifications. We prove that

β
⁢
L

∖
L

{\beta L\smallsetminus L}

is Lindelöf if and only if L is of countable type, where the latter is defined for locales exactly as for spaces, subject to replacing subspaces with sublocales.
Influence of radiation-crosslinking on the elongation behaviour of glass-fibre-filled sheets in the thermoforming process
Authors: Wittmann Lisa-Maria , Wolf Michael , Kurth Katharina , Drummer Dietmar
Published: May 2019

Thermoforming is one of the most important processes in polymer processing. In the packaging industry, thermoformed parts such as blister packs are manufactured from amorphous plastics such as polystyrene (PS) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In the field of semi-crystalline thermoplastics, mainly standard thermoplastics, such as, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), are used. There is limited literature dealing with the thermoforming of thin filled systems. Filler bonding, in particular, represents a major challenge in strain rheology. Electron irradiation is a way to generate improved filler-matrix bonding. In this study, the influence of fillers and radiation-crosslinking on the elongation behaviour and on the wall thickness distribution was investigated. At higher areal draw ratios, an enormous benefit of radiation-crosslinking of thin filled sheets is shown. While non-crosslinked specimens could not be formed, it was possible to thermoform radiation-crosslinked sheets filled with 10 vol.% glass fibres. Furthermore, with the higher areal draw ratio, the influence of the filler orientation on the stretching behaviour became more apparent.
Enteroprotective effect of Tsukamurella inchonensis on streptozotocin induced type 1 diabetic rats
Authors: Mesgari-Abbasi Mehran , Ghaderi Solin , Khordadmehr Monire , Nofouzi Katayoon , Tayefi-Nasrabadi Hossein , McIntyre Graham
Published: May 2019

Objectives

Enteropathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus. The present study determined the possible effects of Tsukamurella inchonensis (Ti) on diabetes enteropathy on rat small intestine.

Materials and methods

A total of 40 rats were divided into four groups of 10. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Oral administration of Ti at dose of 105 and 107 CFU/rat was performed in two groups continuously for 14 days. The third and fourth groups received normal saline as the diabetic and negative control groups, respectively. The blood and intestine tissue samples were taken on 21st day post treatment for biochemical and pathological evaluations.

Results

Significant differences were found in serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides values together with in CAT and SOD activities, MDA level and IL-6 concentration in both Ti treated groups in comparison with the diabetic rats. Moreover, there were severe pathological changes including degeneration of intestinal mucosa, mononuclear cell infiltration, decreasing number of goblet cells and villous length associated with increasing in villous thickness on the diabetic rats which markedly attenuated in both Ti recipient groups.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it seems that oral administration of Ti may improve intestinal damage in diabetic patients by modulation of intestinal antioxidant defense system.