bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Two Types of Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix Sponges Prepared by Thermal Crosslinking and Thermal-Glutaraldehyde Crosslinking Matrix Microparticles
Authors: Huang Xing , Ding Yi , Pan Wenqian , Lu Lin , Jin Rui , Liang Xiao , Chang Mengling , Wang Yinmin , Luo Xusong
Published: August 2022

Common commercial porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) products take the form of a thin membrane. Given its dense structure, delaying vascularization after implantation remains an issue to be solved. In addition, overlaying multiple sheets to address deep wounds and large tissue defects that are difficult to repair by self-tissues could hinder tissue ingrowth, angiogenesis, and integration. Here, we creatively prepared PADM microparticles through a homogenizing treatment and crosslinked them to ADM sponges by thermal crosslinking (VT-ADM) and thermal-glutaraldehyde crosslinking (GA-ADM). The resulting VT-ADM was thicker than GA-ADM, and both maintained the natural dermal matrix microstructure and thermal stability. The porosity of GA-ADM (mean 82%) was lower than that of VT-ADM (mean 90.2%), but the mechanical strength and hydrophilicity were significantly higher. The two types of ADM sponges showed no obvious difference in cell adhesion and proliferation without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the human adipose stem cells were co-cultured with ADM sponges which promoted proliferation, tube formation, and migration of endothelial cells, and the GA-ADM group exhibited better migration behavior. There were no markable differences among expressions of pro-angiogenesis genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and epidermal growth factor. In a nude mouse model, the VT-ADM and GA-ADM pre-cultured with human adipose stem cells for 1 week in advance were implanted subcutaneously. The VT-ADM and the GA-ADM showed great histocompatibility without local redness, swelling, or necrosis. The vascular density of the local skin flap above the material was visualized using indocyanine green and showed no statistical difference between the two groups. The collagen tissue deposition in the pores and vessel formation within the sponges increased with time. Although VT-ADM had a higher degradation rate in vivo, the integrity of the two scaffolds was preserved. Collectively, the VT-ADM and the GA-ADM retained a natural matrix structure and presented biocompatibility. Thus, the above-mentioned two crosslinking methods for ADM sponges are safe and practicable. The novel ADM sponges with good physicochemical and biological properties are no longer limited to membrane tissue regeneration but could also realize structure remodeling where they act as scaffolds for a soft tissue filler and three-dimensional reconstruction of the tissue with strength requirements.
Characterizing cell recruitment into isotropic and anisotropic biomaterials by quantification of spatial density gradients in vitro
Authors: Tortorici Martina , Brauer Erik , Thiele Mario , Duda Georg N. , Petersen Ansgar
Published: August 2022

The success of cell-free in situ tissue engineering approaches depends on an appropriate recruitment of autologous cells from neighboring tissues. This identifies cellular migration as a critical parameter for the pre-clinical characterization of biomaterials. Here, we present a new method to quantify both the extent and the spatial anisotropy of cell migration in vitro. For this purpose, a cell spheroid is used as a cell source to provide a high number of cells for cellular invasion and, at the same time, to guarantee a controlled and spatially localized contact to the material. Therefore, current limitations of assays based on 2D cell sources can be overcome. We tested the method on three biomaterials that are in clinical use for soft tissue augmentation in maxilla-facial surgery and a substrate used for 3D in vitro cell culture. The selected biomaterials were all collagen-derived, but differed in their internal architecture. The analysis of cellular isodensity profiles within the biomaterials allowed the identification of the extent and the preferential directions of migration, as well as their relation to the biomaterials and their specific pore morphologies. The higher cell density within the biomaterials resulting from the here-introduced cell spheroid assay compared to established 2D cell layer assays suggests a better representation of the in vivo situation. Consequently, the presented method is proposed to advance the pre-clinical evaluation of cell recruitment into biomaterials, possibly leading to an improved prediction of the regeneration outcome.
Effectiveness of load-level isolation system for pallet racking systems
Authors: Donà Marco , Bernardi Enrico , Zonta Alberto , Ceresara Marco , da Porto Francesca
Published: August 2022

Recent Italian earthquakes have shown the high seismic vulnerability of pallet racking systems. In the down-aisle direction and in the absence of bracing systems, these structures are very flexible moment-resisting frames. Instead, in the cross-aisle direction they consist of slender trusses, stiffened by various bracing systems; the latter, although necessary for lateral stability, attract significant seismic accelerations, which can cause the stored goods to fall, posing a threat to human safety. To reduce this risk while increasing the rack structural performance, some mitigation systems were proposed, based on specific base-isolation or dissipation devices. In this paper, an innovative passive control system is investigated, i.e., the Load-Level Isolation System (LLIS), which consists of applying isolators to the load level to control the movement of pallets in the cross-aisle direction. The LLIS is based on the Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) strategy and exploits the high payload of these structures. Among the major uncertainties of this system are the amount of isolated mass and its position within the structure. Therefore, for a case study rack, the LLIS parameters (isolation stiffness and damping ratio) are optimized for various arrangements of this system, considering cases with one or two isolated levels. The applied optimization procedure is an extension of the classical TMD approaches. The effectiveness of the optimized LLISs is then investigated through bidirectional Time-History analyses on 3D Finite Element rack models. The results show that using the LLIS, even on a single load-level, can greatly reduce the upright stresses and the cross-aisle displacements and accelerations, and that the optimal position of the LLIS is in the upper part of the rack.
Intermediate filaments: Integration of cell mechanical properties during migration
Authors: Infante Elvira , Etienne-Manneville Sandrine
Published: August 2022

Cell migration is a vital and dynamic process required for the development of multicellular organisms and for immune system responses, tissue renewal and wound healing in adults. It also contributes to a variety of human diseases such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation and fibrosis. The cytoskeleton, which includes actin microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IFs), is responsible for the maintenance of animal cell shape and structural integrity. Each cytoskeletal network contributes its unique properties to dynamic cell behaviour, such as cell polarization, membrane protrusion, cell adhesion and contraction. Hence, cell migration requires the dynamic orchestration of all cytoskeleton components. Among these, IFs have emerged as a molecular scaffold with unique mechanical features and a key player in the cell resilience to mechanical stresses during migration through complex 3D environment. Moreover, accumulating evidence illustrates the participation of IFs in signalling cascades and cytoskeletal crosstalk. Teaming up with actin and microtubules, IFs contribute to the active generation of forces required for cell adhesion and mesenchymal migration and invasion. Here we summarize and discuss how IFs integrate mechanical properties and signalling functions to control cell migration in a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological situations.
Structure and release properties of pyrethroid/sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin intercalated into layered double hydroxide and layered hydroxide salt
Authors: Zhang Xiaoguang , Liu Jiexiang , Ren Jihui
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to realize the intercalation of the pyrethroid pesticides beta-cypermethrin (BCT) and lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) into ZnAl-layered double hydroxides (LDH) and NiZn-layered hydroxide salt (LHS). BCT (LCT)/SBECD-LDH and BCT (LCT)/SBECD-LHS hybrids were obtained with the aid of sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBECD) through one step method. The hybrids were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). The hybrids based on LHS had larger basal spacing than those on LDH. The LDH-hybrids prepared in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) had larger basal spacing than those in ethanol. These results were discussed in terms of the matrix structure and solvent properties. The supramolecular structure of the hybrid was reasonably proposed. Furthermore, the release properties of BCT (LCT) from the hybrids were investigated and discussed in two media. The release rate in pH = 5.0 was slower than that in pH = 6.8. The accumulated release amount of pesticide in pH = 5.0 was lower than that in pH = 6.8. LHS-hybrids synthesized in ethanol exhibit a sustainable release property. These depend on the inclusion complexes’ arrangement and release medium. The release kinetic processes could be described by pseudo-second order and parabolic diffusion models. The release behavior can be controlled by adjusting the synthesis conditions and the releasing media. This provides the guidance for the application of SBECD and LDH (LHS) in pesticide formulation.
Functionalized monolithic columns: Recent advancements and their applications for high-efficiency separation and enrichment in food and medicine
Authors: Si Helong , Wang Quan , Guo Yuanyuan , Zhao Yuxin , Li Hongya , Li Shuna , Wang Shuxiang , Zhu Baocheng
Published: August 2022

The chromatographic column is the core of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, and must have excellent separation efficiency and selectivity. Therefore, functional modification materials for monolithic columns have been rapidly developed. This study is a systematic review of the recently reported functionalized monolithic columns. In particular, the study reviews the types of functional monomers under different modification conditions, as well as the separation and detection techniques combined with chromatography, and their development prospects. In addition, the applications of functionalized monolithic columns in food analysis, biomedicine, and the analysis of active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicines in recent years are also discussed. Also reviewed are the functionalized monolithic columns for qualitative and quantitative analysis. It provided a reference for further development and application of organic polymer monolithic columns.
Emerging natural and tailored perovskite-type mixed oxides–based catalysts for CO2 conversions
Authors: Wu Juan , Ye Runping , Xu Dong-Jie , Wan Lingzhong , Reina Tomas Ramirez , Sun Hui , Ni Ying , Zhou Zhang-Feng , Deng Xiaonan
Published: August 2022

The rapid economic and societal development have led to unprecedented energy demand and consumption resulting in the harmful emission of pollutants. Hence, the conversion of greenhouse gases into valuable chemicals and fuels has become an urgent challenge for the scientific community. In recent decades, perovskite-type mixed oxide-based catalysts have attracted significant attention as efficient CO2 conversion catalysts due to the characteristics of both reversible oxygen storage capacity and stable structure compared to traditional oxide-supported catalysts. In this review, we hand over a comprehensive overview of the research for CO2 conversion by these emerging perovskite-type mixed oxide-based catalysts. Three main CO2 conversions, namely reverse water gas shift reaction, CO2 methanation, and CO2 reforming of methane have been introduced over perovskite-type mixed oxide-based catalysts and their reaction mechanisms. Different approaches for promoting activity and resisting carbon deposition have also been discussed, involving increased oxygen vacancies, enhanced dispersion of active metal, and fine-tuning strong metal-support interactions. Finally, the current challenges are mooted, and we have proposed future research prospects in this field to inspire more sensational breakthroughs in the material and environment fields.
Environment-friendly AgNWs/Ti3C2Tx transparent conductive film based on natural fish gelatin for degradable electronics
Authors: Wang Yuzhou , Wang Tao , Liu Yan , Geng Hong-Zhang , Zhang Lianzhong
Published: August 2022

Recently, the electronic waste (E-waste) has become the most serious environmental trouble because of the iteration of electronic products. Transparent conductive films (TCFs) are the key component of flexible electronic devices, so the development of devices based on degradable TCFs has become an important way to alleviate the problem of E-waste. Gelatin, one of the most prevalent natural biomacromolecules, has drawn increasing attention due to its good film-forming ability, superior biocompatibility, excellent degradability, and commercial availability at a relatively low cost, but has few applications in flexible electronics. Here, we report a method for preparing flexible TCF based on naturally degradable material-fish gelatin, in which silver nanowires and Ti3C2Tx flakes were used as conductive fillers. The obtained TCF has low roughness (RMS roughness = 5.62 nm), good photoelectric properties (Rs = 25.2 Ω/sq., T = ca.85% at 550 nm), strong interfacial adhesion and good degradability. Moreover, the film showed excellent application in the field of EMI shielding and green light OLED device. We believe that these TCFs will shine in the smart wearable field in the future.
Motorized FES-cycling and closed-loop nonlinear control for power tracking using a finite-time stable torque algorithm
Authors: Chang Chen-Hao , Casas Jonathan , Sanyal Amit K. , Duenas Victor H.
Published: August 2022

Functional electrical stimulation (FES)-induced cycling is a rehabilitation strategy that activates lower-limb muscles to achieve coordinated pedaling in individuals with movement disorders. An electric motor is included in-the-loop assisting the rider as needed to prolong exercise duration and mitigate muscle fatigue. Power tracking objectives have been prescribed for motorized FES-cycling, where muscles and the electric motor are assigned to track desired cadence (speed) and torque trajectories. However, predetermined desired trajectories can yield poor cycling performance since the functional capacity of each individual is unknown. In particular, when muscles are tasked to track a desired torque, a dynamic approach is well-motivated to adjust the torque demand for the rider in real-time (e.g., a constant torque demand may be unfeasible throughout a cycling session since muscles fatigue). In this paper, input-output data is exploited using a finite-time algorithm to estimate the target desired torque leveraging an estimate of the active torque produced by muscles via FES. The convergence rate of the finite-time algorithm can be adjusted by tuning selectable parameters. The cycle-rider system is modeled as a nonlinear, time-varying, state-dependent switched system to activate lower-limb muscles and an electric motor. To achieve cadence and torque tracking, nonlinear robust tracking controllers are designed for muscles and motor. A robust sliding mode controller is designed for the electric motor to track a desired constant cadence trajectory. Moreover, an integral torque feedback controller is designed to activate quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteus muscle groups to track the desired torque trajectory computed by the finite-time algorithm. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis is developed to ensure exponential tracking of the closed-loop cadence error system and global uniformly ultimate bounded (GUUB) torque tracking. A discrete-time Lyapunov-based stability analysis leveraging a recent tool for finite-time systems is developed to ensure convergence and guarantee that the finite-time algorithm is Hölder continuous. The developed tracking controllers for the muscles and electric motor and finite-time algorithm to compute the desired torque are implemented in real-time during cycling experiments in seven able-bodied individuals. Multiple cycling trials are implemented with different gain parameters of the finite-time torque algorithm to compare tracking performance for all participants.
The cross-talk of lung and heart complications in COVID-19: Endothelial cells dysfunction, thrombosis, and treatment
Authors: Liu Langjiao , Jing Haijiao , Wu Xiaoming , Xiang Mengqi , Novakovic Valerie A. , Wang Shuye , Shi Jialan
Published: August 2022

The pandemic respiratory illness SARS-CoV-2 has increasingly been shown to be a systemic disease that can also have profound impacts on the cardiovascular system. Although associated cardiopulmonary sequelae can persist after infection, the link between viral infection and these complications remains unclear. There is now a recognized link between endothelial cell dysfunction and thrombosis. Its role in stimulating platelet activation and thrombotic inflammation has been widely reported. However, the procoagulant role of microparticles (MPs) in COVID-19 seems to have been neglected. As membrane vesicles released after cell injury or apoptosis, MPs exert procoagulant activity mainly by exposing phosphatidylserine (PS) on their lipid membranes. It can provide a catalytic surface for the assembly of the prothrombinase complex. Therefore, inhibiting PS externalization is a potential therapeutic strategy. In this paper, we describe the pathophysiological mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 induces lung and heart complications through injury of endothelial cells, emphasizing the procoagulant effect of MPs and PS, and demonstrate the importance of early antithrombotic therapy. In addition, we will detail the mechanisms underlying hypoxia, another serious pulmonary complication related to SARS-CoV-2-induced endothelial cells injury and discuss the use of oxygen therapy. In the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus invades endothelial cells through direct infection, hypoxia, imbalance of the RAAS, and cytokine storm. These factors cause endothelial cells to release MPs, form MPs storm, and eventually lead to thrombosis. This, in turn, accelerates hypoxia and cytokine storms, forming a positive feedback loop. Given the important role of thrombosis in the disease, early antithrombotic therapy is an important tool for COVID-19. It may maintain normal blood circulation, accelerating the clearance of viruses, waning the formation of MPs storm, and avoiding disease progression.
Rapid Warming Over East Antarctica Since the 1940s Caused by Increasing Influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode
Authors: Ejaz Tariq , Rahaman Waliur , Laluraj C. M. , Mahalinganathan K. , Thamban Meloth
Published: August 2022

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Interdecadal Pacific Oscillations (IPO), and their phase relation with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) largely control Antarctic climate variability. The relative roles of these climate modes remain elusive, particularly in the backdrop of global warming. In this study, we present a seasonally resolved new ice core (IND33) record of oxygen isotope (δ18O) for the past two centuries (1809–2013 CE) from coastal Dronning Maud Land (DML) to investigate the role of these climate modes in the Antarctic temperature variability and trend. Our investigation based on this record combined with available records from the DML region reveals that ∼32% variability in δ18O records is related to late spring to summer (Nov–Dec–Jan) temperature rather than the mean annual temperature. This indicates that reconstructed annual temperature based on Antarctic ice core δ18O records could be biased toward the temperature of the months/seasons of higher precipitation with low-moderate wind speed, which are suitable for better preservation of the ice core signal. We have reconstructed the DML temperature record of the past two centuries (1809–2019 CE) at an annual resolution based on the δ18O ice core record (1809–1993 CE) combined with the recent ERA5 surface air temperature record (1994–2019 CE). The reconstructed temperature anomaly record reveals a significant cooling trend in the 19th century during 1809–1907 CE with a rate of −0.164 ± 0.045°C decade−1 followed by a warming trend from the mid-20th to early 21st centuries (1942–2019 CE) with a rate of +0.452 ± 0.056°C decade−1. This long-term warming trend since the 1940s coincides with the increase in ENSO events and its strong antiphase relation with SAM, suggesting an increasing influence of SAM–ENSO coupling in modulating the DML temperature in recent decades.
A Study on the Provenance of Early to Late Triassic Clastic Rocks From the Northwestern Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China: Constraints on the Early Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Western Yangtze Block
Authors: Meng Lifeng , Chen Wei , Shen Tong , Cai Jinfa
Published: August 2022

U–Pb ages of 637 new detrital zircons of Triassic sandstones from the Northwestern Sichuan Basin (NWSB), together with the petrology and paleocurrent data, are used to constrain the sediment provenance and tectonic–paleogeographic evolution of the western Yangtze Block. The U–Pb age data for the Lower Triassic detrital zircons generally show populations at ∼1,850 Ma, 980–705 Ma, 680–510 Ma, and 290–230 Ma with a minor cluster at ∼2.4 Ga. Such age spectrum features together with the eastward to northeastward paleocurrent direction implied that the Northwestern Sichuan Basin was dominantly fed by the uplifted Khamdian Paleoland. The Upper Triassic detrital zircons yield age populations at 855–730 Ma, 455–415 Ma, and 290–215 Ma and a prominent age group of 1.9–1.7 Ga. These age spectrum features together with paleocurrent data showed a provenance change with a major source of the Longmenshan thrust belt and Songpan-Ganzi terrane for the south area of NWSB and the Qinling orogenic belt for the north part of NWSB. Such transition of the provenance probably indicated the subsidence of the Khamdian Paleoland and uplift of the Songpan-Ganzi terrane and Qinling orogenic belt from the Early Triassic to the Late Triassic. This tectonic inversion most likely resulted from the gradually thermal subsidence of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) and the gravitational loading triggered by the eastward shortening of the Songpan-Ganzi terrane as well as the ongoing convergence between Yangtze Block and North China Block.
Does flood protection affect urban expansion in the coastal flood-prone area of China?
Authors: Wu Yijing , Li Jingwei , Wang Dan , Li Ling , Shao Wendi , Du Shiqiang
Published: August 2022

Understanding the characteristics of urbanization under different flood protection levels is vital for sustainable development in coastal flood-prone areas (CFAs). However, little is known about the potential divergences of coastal urbanization across different flood protection levels in the CFAs of China. To fill this research gap, this study investigated the spatio-temporal changes of urban land expansion in Chinese CFAs and explored their relationships with flood protection levels during 2000–2020. It was found that in 2020, the urban lands accounted for 16.35% of the CFAs, 1.81 times that of the non-CFAs (9.04%). The urban lands increased rapidly in the CFAs across all flood protection levels, with an average annual change rate of 6.51%, which was 2.17 times that of non-CFAs (3.00%) and 3.68 times that of the exposed population growth rate (1.77%). Particularly in counties with low flood protection levels (<50 years), the urban lands expanded by 9.40% annually, 1.44 times that of the whole CFAs; moreover, a large portion (39.58%) of the new urban lands were reclaimed from sea waters. These findings suggest that special attention should be paid to coastal landscape changes in the areas of low flood protection levels to reduce flood risk and ensure sustainable cities and communities. Flood adaptation strategies should be applied to include conserving the coastal ecosystem.
Exploring the emotions of disadvantaged adolescents in the classroom: Development of the S2* emotion application
Authors: Bourgeois Amanda , Carroll Annemaree , Bower Julie
Published: August 2022

In the present research, three phases were conducted to develop a real-time emotional measure (S2* emotion application) to examine the emotional experiences and causes for those emotions in disadvantaged Australian adolescents. In the first phase, data were collected from 412 Year 10 students (aged 14–15 years) to understand their emotional experiences in the classroom. Second, the S2* emotion application was developed and trialed based on the initial findings from the first phase and relevant literature. In the third phase, the S2* was utilized with participants (N = 81) from Year 10 Math and English classes over three time points during an academic term. Results revealed that the most frequent reports of emotions and cause for that emotion were: boredom caused by schoolwork; happiness caused by peers; happiness caused by self; and boredom caused by teacher. When emotions and causes were examined separately, the most frequent reported emotion was boredom and the most frequent reported cause for emotion was peers. This tool may be used in future studies to further investigate these real-time emotional experiences allowing researchers to build on theoretical frameworks and provide skills and resources to best support educators.
Serum Resistin Levels and Related Genetic Variants Are Associated With Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Tariq Sundus , Tariq Saba , Khaliq Saba , Lone Khalid Parvez
Published: August 2022

Background

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disorder and a number of genetic variants or loci responsible for bone mineral density (BMD) have been identified. Resistin, a novel adipokine has diverse role in human body including its function in bone remodeling. The objective of this study was to see the association of serum resistin levels and related genetic variants (rs3931020, rs13144478) with BMD in postmenopausal females.

Methods

This comparative analytical study was conducted on postmenopausal osteoporotic (n=101), osteopenic (n=77) and non-osteoporotic (n=74) females. For comparison and correlational analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s rho correlation were used respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was calculated by using Chi-square test (χ2).

Results

There was significant difference in the serum levels of resistin (p <0.001), among the three groups. Significant negative correlation of resistin was observed with BMD at various sites. Serum resistin levels were significantly low in the rs3931020 AA homozygous genotype (p = 0.010), and significantly high in the rs13144478 AT heterozygous genotype (p = 0.020), BMD at all sites except left femoral neck was significantly high in rs3931020 AA genotype, while BMD at lumbar spine, left hip and total BMD were significantly low in the rs13144478 TT homozygotes.

Conclusion

High serum resistin levels are associated with low BMD and single nucleotide variation in rs3931020 and rs13144478 may lead to high serum resistin levels and low bone mineral density. Resistin can serve as a new genetic marker, potential therapeutic target and predictor of osteoporosis.
Melatonin alleviates renal injury by activating mitophagy in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Tang Hanfen , Yang Ming , Liu Yinghong , Zhu Xuejing , Liu Shiping , Liu Hong , Sun Lin , Song Panai
Published: August 2022

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) causes serious renal tubule and interstitial damage, but effective prevention and treatment measures are lacking. Abnormal mitophagy may be involved in the progression of DN, but its upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Melatonin, a pineal hormone associated with circadian rhythms, is involved in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we demonstrated abnormal mitophagy in the kidneys of DN mice or high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells, which was accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. At the same time, the melatonin treatment alleviated kidney damage. After mitochondrial isolation, we found that melatonin promoted AMPK phosphorylation and accelerated the translocation of PINK1 and Parkin to the mitochondria, thereby activating mitophagy, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting inflammation. Interestingly, the renal protective effect of melatonin can be partially blocked by downregulation of PINK1 and inhibition of AMPK. Our studies demonstrated for the first time that melatonin plays a protective role in DN through the AMPK-PINK1-mitophagy pathway.
The effects of vegetarian diets on bone health: A literature review
Authors: Falchetti Alberto , Cavati Guido , Valenti Roberto , Mingiano Christian , Cosso Roberta , Gennari Luigi , Chiodini Iacopo , Merlotti Daniela
Published: August 2022

In these recent years many people are adopting a vegetarian type diet due to the numerous positive health effects of this regimen such as the reduction of the incidence of many chronic disorders like diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cancer. However this diet is quite restrictive and so it could be possible to have a deficiency in some specific nutrients, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Although there are conflicting results on the effects of the vegetarian diet on bone health and fracture incidence, it is always recommendable in vegetarian people to have an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, through an increased intake of supplements, natural and fortified foods, an adequate intake of protein, fruit, vegetables, as well as vitamin B12. The aim of this literature review is to revise the actual knowledge of the effect of some nutrients and vegetarian diets on bone health.
Adrenal bleeding due to pheochromocytoma - A call for algorithm
Authors: Rzepka Ewelina , Kokoszka Joanna , Grochowska Anna , Ulatowska-Białas Magdalena , Lech Martyna , Opalińska Marta , Przybylik-Mazurek Elwira , Gilis-Januszewska Aleksandra , Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Alicja
Published: August 2022

Background

Adrenal hemorrhage is a rare, usually life-threating complication. The most common neoplasm resulting in spontaneous adrenal bleeding is pheochromocytoma and it accounts for nearly 50% of cases. Currently, the recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with adrenal bleeding due to pheochromocytoma are unavailable.

Materials and methods

We performed a database search for all pheochromocytoma patients, diagnosed and treated from 2005 to 2021 in tertiary endocrinology center. 206 patients were identified, 183 with complete data were included in the analysis. We investigated clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and outcomes of hemorrhagic pheochromocytoma cases and characterize our approach to perioperative diagnosis and medical management. Finally our experiences and data from previously published articles concerning adrenal hemorrhage were analyzed to propose a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for hemorrhagic pheochromocytomas.

Results

In the whole group, seven patients (4 men and 3 women) with adrenal bleeding were found, (3.8%). Median patient’s age was 49 years (range: 36-78 years). The most common manifestation of adrenal bleeding was acute abdominal pain (5/7). Two patients developed shock. Hormonal assessment was performed in five patients, based on 24-hour urinary fractionated metanephrines with urinary 3-methoxytyramine. Normetanephrine was elevated in all patients, metanephrine and 3-methoxytyramine - in four cases (4/5). Most patients (6/7) had symptoms suggesting pheochromocytoma before hemorrhage – most commonly paroxysmal hypertension (4/7). One patient died, before the diagnosis of adrenal bleeding was made. Diagnostic imaging performed in six out of seven patients revealed adrenal tumor, with median largest diameter equal to 7.4 cm (range: 5-11 cm). Five patients had elective surgery, in one case an urgent surgery was performed. In all cases the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was confirmed in postoperative histopathology or in autopsy. The perioperative survival rate was 85.7%.

Conclusions

Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma should be always considered in patients with adrenal bleeding, especially with accompanying abdominal pain, hemodynamic shock and previous history of pheochromocytoma-associated symptoms. Lack of proper diagnosis of pheochromocytoma before surgery is associated with an additional perioperative risk. To improve the decision making in this life-threatening clinical situation, based on our results and literature data, we proposed a diagnostic and treatment algorithm.
Current evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric endocrine conditions
Authors: Gnocchi Margherita , D’Alvano Tiziana , Lattanzi Claudia , Messina Giulia , Petraroli Maddalena , Patianna Viviana D. , Esposito Susanna , Street Maria E.
Published: August 2022

Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interacts with the host cells through its spike protein by binding to the membrane enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and it can have a direct effect on endocrine function as ACE2 is expressed in many glands and organs with endocrine function. Furthermore, several endocrine conditions have features that might increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity and course of the infection, as obesity for the underlying chronic increased inflammatory status and metabolic derangement, and for the possible changes in thyroid function. Vitamin D has immunomodulatory effects, and its deficiency has negative effects. Adrenal insufficiency and excess glucocorticoids affect immune conditions also besides metabolism. This review aims to analyze the rationale for the fear of direct effects of SARS-Cov-2 on endocrinological disorders, to study the influence of pre-existing endocrine disorders on the course of the infection, and the actual data in childhood. Currently, data concerning endocrine function during the pandemic are scarce in childhood and for many aspects definite conclusions cannot be drawn, however, data on properly managed patients with adrenal insufficiency at present are re-assuring. Too little attention has been paid to thyroid function and further studies may be helpful. The available data support a need for adequate vitamin D supplementation, caution in obese patients, monitoring of thyroid function in hospitalized patients, and confirm the need for an awareness campaign for the increased frequency of precocious puberty, rapidly progressive puberty and precocious menarche. The changes in lifestyle, the increased incidence of overweight and the change in the timing of puberty lead also to hypothesize that there might be an increase in ovarian dysfunction, as for example polycystic ovarian disease, and metabolic derangements in the next years, and in the future we might be facing fertility problems. This prompts to be cautious and maintain further surveillance.
Case Report: A case of HNF1B mutation patient with first presentation of diabetic ketosis
Authors: Ge Shenghui , Yang Mengge , Gong Wenfeng , Chen Wenzhe , Dong Jianjun , Liao Lin
Published: August 2022

Background

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 5 (MODY5), a rare diabetes syndrome of young adults, is associated with variants in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1B (HNF1B) gene.

Case Presentation

We reported a case of MODY5, which presented with diabetic ketosis, multiple renal cysts, and hypokalemia. In this case, the HNF1B score was estimated as 13 and a heterozygous variant of HNF1B in exon 4 (c.826C>T, p.Arg276*) was identified through Sanger sequencing.

Conclusions

Multiple renal cysts and youth-onset diabetes are common manifestations in patients with HNF1B mutations, and insufficient insulin secretion may be a potential cause of diabetic ketosis in MODY5.
The best tool for the assessment of developmental disorders in children with down syndrome: comparison of standard and specialized growth charts - cross sectional study
Authors: Hetman Marta , Moreira Helena , Barg Ewa
Published: August 2022

Down Syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal abnormality associated with a spectrum of cognitive and physical disabilities. Children with DS are exposed to both lower and excess body weight and follow distinct growth-curve patterns that deviate significantly from those of children without chromosomal defects. Anthropometric parameters are assessed in the pediatric population with the use of growth charts. The study is based on data from 411 children and adults with DS from Poland. Detailed information concerning children and online survey results were also analyzed. Centiles and standard deviation scores (SDS) of obtained anthropometric parameters were aligned with the data using the LMS method. The study aims to identify which type of growth chart (standard vs specialized) is a leading tool for earlier detection of developmental disorders in DS. The results obtained in the two types of growth charts differed. The advantage of the specialized growth charts over the standard ones cannot be unequivocally determined. Only the combination of both tools allows to detect the development disorders early in the broadest possible way.
Timing of puberty and school performance: A population-based study
Authors: Suutela Maria , Miettinen Päivi J. , Kosola Silja , Rahkonen Ossi , Varimo Tero , Tarkkanen Annika , Hero Matti , Raivio Taneli
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine whether the timing of puberty associates with school performance.

Methods

Growth data on 13,183 children born between 1997 and 2002, were collected from child health clinics and school healthcare and school performance data from school records. Age at peak height velocity (PHV) marked pubertal timing. The relationships between age at PHV and average grades in mathematics, native language, English, and physical education from school years 6 (end of elementary school; age 11-12 years), 7 (start of middle school; 12-13 years), and 9 (end of middle school; 14-15 years) were modeled using generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models, adjusted for the month of birth and annual income and education levels in school catchment areas.

Results

The mean (SD) age at PHV was 13.54 (1.17) years in boys and 11.43 (1.18) years in girls. In girls, age at PHV was associated with grades in mathematics (β=0.041–0.062, p<0.005) and physical education (β=0.077–0.107, p<0.001) across the study years, and in school year 9, also with grades in English (β=-0.047, 95%CI -0.072 to -0.021, p<0.001). Among boys, only the grades in physical education were related to age at PHV across the study years (β=0.026–0.073, p<0.01) and in middle school the grades in mathematics decreased dramatically.

Conclusions

In both sexes, the timing of puberty was associated with the grades in physical education, and in girls, with academic achievement. The decrease in boys’ mathematics grades and sex difference in academic achievement were unexplained by the timing of puberty.
FSH and bone: Comparison between males with central versus primary hypogonadism
Authors: Giovanelli Luca , Quinton Richard , Cangiano Biagio , Colombo Stefano , Persani Luca , Bonomi Marco , Chiodini Iacopo
Published: August 2022

Objective

Experimental studies proposed a direct effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the skeletal metabolism, but results of human studies mainly conducted in females are controversial. The present study aims to investigate the possible role of FSH excess in male bone health, by comparing for the first time primary and central hypogonadism.

Design and Methods

119 men were enrolled in this cross-sectional observational study at the time of the first diagnosis of hypogonadism. All participants had spontaneous pubertal development. Regarding patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (Hyper-H), Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients were distinguished from the other forms (non-KS-Hyper-H) based on the onset of FSH elevation. Bone mineral density (BMD) at both lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN), as well as the prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures (VFx), were assessed.

Results

Across the whole cohort, higher LS and FN BMD were associated with older age at diagnosis and higher body mass index (BMI), respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders (age at diagnosis, BMI, smoking habits, degree of hypogonadism defined by calculated free testosterone, and 25OH vitamin D levels), non-KS-Hyper-H patients showed significantly lower LS BMD and tended to show lower FN BMD values, as compared to those with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Hypo-H). In KS men, LS BMD was significantly lower than in those with non-KS-Hyper-H. No significant differences in the prevalence of VFx were found between the groups.

Conclusions

These findings suggest a potential negative effect of FSH excess on the male bone mass, especially at spine. The duration of high FSH levels may also contribute to these findings.
Glucose controls co-translation of structurally related mRNAs via the mTOR and eIF2 pathways in human pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Bulfoni Manuel , Bouyioukos Costas , Zakaria Albatoul , Nigon Fabienne , Rapone Roberta , Del Maestro Laurence , Ait-Si-Ali Slimane , Scharfmann Raphaël , Cosson Bertrand
Published: August 2022

Pancreatic beta cell response to glucose is critical for the maintenance of normoglycemia. A strong transcriptional response was classically described in rodent models but, interestingly, not in human cells. In this study, we exposed human pancreatic beta cells to an increased concentration of glucose and analysed at a global level the mRNAs steady state levels and their translationalability. Polysome profiling analysis showed an early acute increase in protein synthesis and a specific translation regulation of more than 400 mRNAs, independently of their transcriptional regulation. We clustered the co-regulated mRNAs according to their behaviour in translation in response to glucose and discovered common structural and sequence mRNA features. Among them mTOR- and eIF2-sensitive elements have a predominant role to increase mostly the translation of mRNAs encoding for proteins of the translational machinery. Furthermore, we show that mTOR and eIF2α pathways are independently regulated in response to glucose, participating to a translational reshaping to adapt beta cell metabolism. The early acute increase in the translation machinery components prepare the beta cell for further protein demand due to glucose-mediated metabolism changes.
Prenatal androgen treatment impairs the suprachiasmatic nucleus arginine-vasopressin to kisspeptin neuron circuit in female mice
Authors: Jamieson Bradley B. , Moore Aleisha M. , Lohr Dayanara B. , Thomas Simone X. , Coolen Lique M. , Lehman Michael N. , Campbell Rebecca E. , Piet Richard
Published: August 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with elevated androgen and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and with oligo/anovulation. Evidence indicates that elevated androgens impair sex steroid hormone feedback regulation of pulsatile LH secretion. Hyperandrogenemia in PCOS may also disrupt the preovulatory LH surge. The mechanisms through which this might occur, however, are not fully understood. Kisspeptin (KISS1) neurons of the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) convey hormonal cues to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. In rodents, the preovulatory surge is triggered by these hormonal cues and coincident timing signals from the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Timing signals are relayed to GnRH neurons, in part, via projections from SCN arginine-vasopressin (AVP) neurons to RP3VKISS1 neurons. Because rodent SCN cells express androgen receptors (AR), we hypothesized that these circuits are impaired by elevated androgens in a mouse model of PCOS. In prenatally androgen-treated (PNA) female mice, SCN Ar expression was significantly increased compared to that found in prenatally vehicle-treated mice. A similar trend was seen in the number of Avp-positive SCN cells expressing Ar. In the RP3V, the number of kisspeptin neurons was preserved. Anterograde tract-tracing, however, revealed reduced SCNAVP neuron projections to the RP3V and a significantly lower proportion of RP3VKISS1 neurons with close appositions from SCNAVP fibers. Functional assessments showed, on the other hand, that RP3VKISS1 neuron responses to AVP were maintained in PNA mice. These findings indicate that PNA changes some of the neural circuits that regulate the preovulatory surge. These impairments might contribute to ovulatory dysfunction in PNA mice modeling PCOS.
Female fertility does not require Bmal1 in suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons expressing arginine vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, or neuromedin-S
Authors: Tonsfeldt Karen J. , Cui Laura J. , Lee Jinkwon , Walbeek Thijs J. , Brusman Liza E. , Jin Ye , Mieda Michihiro , Gorman Michael R. , Mellon Pamela L.
Published: August 2022

Disruptions to the circadian system alter reproductive capacity, particularly in females. Mice lacking the core circadian clock gene, Bmal1, are infertile and have evidence of neuroendocrine disruption including the absence of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and enhanced responsiveness to exogenous kisspeptin. Here, we explore the role of Bmal1 in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neuron populations known to project to the neuroendocrine axis. We generated four mouse lines using Cre/Lox technology to create conditional deletion of Bmal1 in arginine vasopressin (Bmal1fl/fl:Avpcre), vasoactive intestinal peptide (Bmal1fl/fl:Vipcre), both (Bmal1fl/fl:Avpcre+Vipcre), and neuromedin-s (Bmal1fl/fl:Nmscre) neurons. We demonstrate that the loss of Bmal1 in these populations has substantial effects on home-cage circadian activity and temperature rhythms. Despite this, we found that female mice from these lines demonstrated normal estrus cycles, fecundity, kisspeptin responsiveness, and inducible LH surge. We found no evidence of reproductive disruption in constant darkness. Overall, our results indicate that while conditional Bmal1 knockout in AVP, VIP, or NMS neurons is sufficient to disrupted locomotor activity, this disruption is insufficient to recapitulate the neuroendocrine reproductive effects of the whole-body Bmal1 knockout.
Xenotransplantation and interspecies organogenesis: current status and issues
Authors: Kano Mayuko , Mizutani Eiji , Homma Shota , Masaki Hideki , Nakauchi Hiromitsu
Published: August 2022

Pancreas (and islet) transplantation is the only curative treatment for type 1 diabetes patients whose β-cell functions have been abolished. However, the lack of donor organs has been the major hurdle to save a large number of patients. Therefore, transplantation of animal organs is expected to be an alternative method to solve the serious shortage of donor organs. More recently, a method to generate organs from pluripotent stem cells inside the body of other species has been developed. This interspecies organ generation using blastocyst complementation (BC) is expected to be the next-generation regenerative medicine. Here, we describe the recent advances and future prospects for these two approaches.