bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct replication of “Temporary suppression of visual processing in RSVP task: an attentional blink?” (Experiment 2)
Authors: Grassi Massimo , Toffalini Enrico , Giofrè David
Published: July 2020

(Monday 20/07/2020. The paper is currently "accepted for publication" in Behavior Research Methods). In order to improve the trustworthiness of our science, several new research practices have been suggested, including preregistration, large statistical power, availability of research data and materials, new statistical standards, and the replication of experiments. We conducted a replication project on an original phenomenon that was discovered more than 25 years ago, namely the attentional blink (Raymond, Shapiro, & Arnell, 1992), which has been conceptually replicated hundreds of times with major variations. Here, we ran two identical experiments, adopting the new practices and closely reproducing the original experiment. The two experiments were run by different research groups in different countries and laboratories with different participants. Experiment 1 shared remarkable similarities (in magnitude and duration of the effect) with the original study, but also some differences (the overall accuracy of participants, the timing of the effect, and lag-1 sparing). Experts interviewed to evaluate our results stressed the similarities rather than the differences. Experiment 2 replicated nearly identically the results observed in Experiment 1. These findings show that the adoption of new research practices improves the replicability of experimental research and opens the door for a quantitative and direct comparison of the results collected across different laboratories and countries.
Differences in perceptual memory influence generalization patterns
Authors: Zenses Ann-Kathrin , Lee Jessica C. , Zaman Jonas
Published: July 2020

Although memory of past experiences is crucial for the ability to transfer knowledge to new situations, surprisingly little research has directly investigated the relationship between memory and generalization. The present study sought to investigate how the perceptual memory of a trained stimulus influences generalization to similar stimuli. Forty participants underwent a fear conditioning procedure on Day 1, and separate memory recall and generalization tests on Day 2. We focused on two aspects of perceptual memory: namely memory bias (i.e., over- or underestimating stimulus features) and uncertainty. We found that memory bias influenced the pattern of generalized self-reported (expectancy ratings) and psychophysiological responses (fear-potentiated startle responses). Memory uncertainty was measured in two ways: self-reported uncertainty ratings and variability in stimulus recall. We demonstrated that higher levels of self-reported memory uncertainty led to a broadening of the US expectancy generalization gradient, whereas an effect of variability in memory recall on generalization was only found for fear-potentiated startle responses. Taken together, our findings suggest that memory is an important determinant of generalized behavior and illustrate the need to account for these interindividual differences in perceptual memory when examining the generalization of learned responses.
Examining Cognitive Bias Modification interventions for reducing food value and choice: Two pre-registered, online studies.
Authors: Masterton Sarah , Hardman Charlotte , Jones Andrew
Published: July 2020

There is considerable interest in Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) as a potential treatment for overweight / obesity. Inhibitory Control Training (ICT: also known as motor response training) and Evaluative Conditioning (EC) are two popular paradigms which rely on associatively learned responses (unhealthy food -> inhibition, or unhealthy food-> negative stimulus, respectively) through repeated cue-response contingencies. Both ICT and EC have demonstrated some effectiveness for reducing food intake, value and / or choice, when administered in the laboratory and online. However, studies have been criticised for inconsistencies in design (e.g. use of inadequate control groups) which makes it difficult to draw robust conclusions. In two pre-registered, online studies our aim was to examine active ICT (study 1: N = 170) and EC (study 2: N = 300) in multiple groups where the cue-> response contingencies were systematically varied (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%), before examining food-cue valuations and hypothetical food choice. In both studies varying the cue-> response contingencies did not lead to significant changes in food-cue devaluation following training. ICT did not substantially influence hypothetical food choice, whereas there was weak evidence that EC reduced choice for unhealthy foods, compared to a control group with 50% cue-response contingencies. Taken together both studies provide limited evidence for online CBM as a viable psychological treatment – at least through the mechanism of food-cue devaluation or changes in healthy and unhealthy food choice. Future research is needed to investigate the factors that contribute towards successful CBM training to critically evaluate the potential for these strategies within health interventions.
Decipherment of the Indus script
Authors: Santhakumari Ramkumar Unnipillai
Published: July 2020

This paper describes a decipherment of the Indus script. The decipherment is based on observed similarities between Protocuneiform script and the Indus script. Meanings were transferred from Protocuneiform characters to characters in Indus script, and Dravidian words were used to obtain sounds for Indus script characters. Correlation between Brahmi letters and corresponding Indus characters were further used to correct the readings obtained. These readings show that Indus civilisation was largely Dravidian. It also shows that caste divisions specific to modern South India existed in Indus civilisation. Representative caste names can still be identified in North and South India. These readings also establish with a high probability that Protocuneiform script influenced the Indus script and that Brahmi script, at least partially, originated from the Indus script
Conformal cyclic evolution of phantom energy dominated universe
Authors: Natarajan S. , Chandramohan R. , Swminathan R.
Published: July 2020

From the Wheeler Dewitt solutions, the scale factor of the initial universe is discussed. In this study scale factors from Wheeler Dewitt solutions, loop quantum gravity, and phantom energy dominated stages are compared. Certain modifications have been attempted in scale factor and quantum potentials driven by canonical quantum gravity approaches. Their results are discussed in this work. Despite increment of phantom energy density avoidance of big rip is reported. Scale factors predicted from various models is discussed in this work. Relationship between scale factors and smooth continuation of aeon is discussed by the application of conformal cyclic cosmology. Quantum potentials for various models are correlated and a correction parameter is included on the cosmological constant. Phantom energy dominated, final stage non-singular evolution of the universe is reported. Eternal increment of phantom energy density without interacting with dark matter is reported for the consequence of evolution of the future universe. Also, the non-interacting solutions of phantom energy and dark matter are explained. As the evolution continues even after the final singularity is approached, the validity of conformal cyclic cosmology is predicted. Non zero values for the scale factor for the set of eigenvalues are reported with a graph
The effect of plastic deformation on mechanical properties of aluminium matrix composites reinforced with 2D crystals
Authors: Wozniak Jaroslaw , Petrus Mateusz , Kostecki Marek , Cygan Tomasz , Olszyna Andrzej
Published: July 2020

In this study, AA6061 matrix composites reinforced with multilayer graphene and MoS2 were analyzed. The composites were prepared by powder metallurgy using the spark plasma sintering and spark plasma texturing methods. Microstructure, physical and mechanical properties were investigated and compared with unreinforced AA6061 sinter and AA6061 sheet plate. The results showed that the application of spark plasma texturing positively influences the relative density and compressive yield strength of AA6061 matrix composites. Moreover, in composites with MoS2, significant differences in compressive yield strength between the centre and the edge of the sintered compacts were noticed. These differences are related to the formation of the MoAl12 phase as a result of the temperature gradient generated in the graphite die during sintering by the spark plasma texturing.
Production and characterization of Al6061/zirconium carbide surface composites
Authors: Sundarrajan Shalini , Satish Kumar Thandlam , Suganya Priyadharshini Ganesan
Published: July 2020

In the present study, Al6061/zirconium carbide surface composites have been developed using the friction stir processing method. The volume fraction of the zirconium carbide particles was varied as 3%, 6% and 9%. The developed composites were characterized using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Micrographs revealed uniform distribution of zirconium carbide particles, and addition of zirconium carbide particles was found to improve hardness and tensile properties of Al6061 alloy. Corresponding strengthening mechanisms have been discussed and associated with the microstructural studies. Fractographic analysis was found to show a reduction in ductility with increase in addition of zirconium carbide particles.
Optimization of the grain boundary character distribution of pure copper by low-strain thermomechanical processing
Authors: Huang Ming , Zhao Kunpeng , Chen Ziyun , Qin Yuan , Yang Xinye , Yang Sen
Published: July 2020

Although thermomechanical processing has been widely used in grain boundary engineering, the relationship between thermomechanical parameters and grain boundary character distribution is still not well understood. In the present study, electron backscatter diffraction was used to study the grain boundary character distribution in pure copper after lowstrain thermomechanical treatments. It was found that the low-R coincidence site lattice frequency and grain size decreases in the following sequence, 10% compression > 15% compression > 5% compression, except for 700 0C. During thermomechanical treatments of copper, strain-induced grain boundary migration and grain growth may occur during annealing of 5% compressed copper, and recrystallization dominates during annealing of 15% compressed copper, while the annealing mechanism of 10% compressed copper changes from strain-induced grain boundary migration and grain growth to recrystallization when the annealing temperature exceeds 600 0C. The results indicated that during single-step low-strain thermomechanical treatments, straininduced grain boundary migration and grain growth would gradually change to recrystallization with the increase of pre-deformation level and annealing temperature. Among the three mechanisms, strain-induced grain boundary migration seems to be more effective than recrystallization and grain growth in the optimization of grain boundary character distribution, and it is suggested that this is due to the high boundary migration rate of strain-induced grain boundary migration.
Nefopam hydrochloride as a component of multimodal analgesia in the postoperative period
Authors: Semenenko Andrii
Published: July 2020

The modern approach to the multimodal scheme of postoperative analgesia includes the mandatory use of drugs that have a small number of side effects and at the same time have a polymodal effect on the pathogenetic links of pain development. Nefopam hydrochloride is able to prevent the development of: opioid hyperalgesia, stop pain stimuli without respiratory depression, affect platelet aggregation and the condition of the mucous membrane and motility of the gastrointestinal tract, which distinguishes it from classical NSAIDs. Nefopam hydrochloride is characterized by a low risk of addiction with prolonged use, a pronounced anti-sensory effect, especially significant at the stage of awakening and in the early postoperative period.

Postoperative analgesia based on nefopam hydrochloride as a component of multimodal analgesia is effective and safe in the absence of absolute contraindications. The planned use of nefopam hydrochloride for the correction of pain reduces complications in the postoperative period and improves the quality of life of patients. Nefopam hydrochloride is one of the most effective drugs for the correction of postoperative tremor syndrome. The use of nefopam hydrochloride as a drug, which is a part of premedication before surgical interventions and a component of multimodal analgesia, improves the quality of the postoperative period due to: reduction of pain syndrome, planned correction of postoperative tremor syndrome and correction of complications arising from inadequate treatment of pain syndrome.
Madres solteras: estigma sexista desde el imaginario cultural: caso Universidad Técnica de Manabí
Authors: Mieles Anchundia Gissella Andrea , Menéndez Menéndez Fabián Gustavo , Guillén de Romero Jacqueline Coromoto
Published: July 2020

Las madres solteras del siglo XXI siguen siendo víctimas del orden social y patriarcal, el estigma sexista ha involucrado la reasignación de roles como parte de las prácticas del entorno social.  El objetivo de la investigación es caracterizar el estado situacional de las madres solteras, referente al estigma  de roles, desde la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador. El proceso de investigación está orientado bajo un enfoque positivista, con una metodología cuantitativa, descriptiva, analítica, exploratoria, bibliográfica y estadística. Se establecen tres momentos; el estado situacional y demográfico, el examinar las edades de las mujeres participantes y  la correlación de los resultados que se obtienen del procesamiento de datos. Los aportes indican que, las madres solteras que son parte de la población de estudio; inciden que, el factor económico es una de las principales desventajas de llevar el rol de crianza completa, además que el estigma abarcado desde esta cultura que se ve reflejado en el  grado de desigualdades sobre la corresponsabilidad y los bienes adquisitivos dentro del sistema patriarca, y que la mujer asume un rol total, como parte del patriarcado y la incidencia machista. El apoyo familiar es una de las principales fuentes de sostén para las madres solteras porque se encuentra con una sostenibilidad para poder desarrollar  actividad académica universitaria.
Mediación Comunitaria: Un Espacio de Intervención del Trabajador Social en la Comunidad San Pedro de Sosote del cantón Rocafuerte.
Authors: Romero Chávez Sandra Auxiliadora , Espinoza Zambrano Gabriela Jazmín
Published: July 2020

La mediación comunitaria es  una forma de solución ante  los conflictos sociales que presentan determinados grupos; y requiere de la voluntariedad de las partes en disputa  y de un tercero neutral que es un profesional certificado, según la Ley de Arbitraje y Mediación en el art.48 menciona que para estar habilitado como mediador independiente, deberá contarse con la autorización escrita de un centro de mediación. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir el proceso de mediación comunitaria para mejorar las relaciones de trabajo en la comunidad San Pedro de Sosote del Cantón Rocafuerte, Manabí, Ecuador,la misma que presentaba conflictos de comunicación, el diseño metodologico aplicado fue de campo con un enfoque mixto, cuantitativo-descriptivo apoyado en el método estadistico alcansando así lo  planteado,utilizando las técnicas de la observación, la entrevista estructurada y como instrumento la guia de entrevista, concluyendo  teóricamente en  los  aspectos que influyen en los conflictos entre los miembros de la  comunidad  artesanal y el gobierno local  que limitan  el desarrollo del sector  y la intervención comunitaria realizada por el Trabajador Social en la función de mediador; haciendo énfasis en el Modelo de Harvard cuyo aplicación  permitio  la creación de la nueva asociación que será parte del gremio artesanal.
Studies of enrichment of sulfide and oxidized ores of gold deposits of the Aldan shield
Authors: FEDOTOV Pavel , SENCHENKO Arkadiy , FEDOTOV Konstantin , BURDONOV Aleksander
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the analysis of studies of the enrichment of sulfide and oxidized ores in Yakutia deposits. The ore of the deposit is a mixture of primary, mixed and oxidized ores. The main useful component of the studied ore samples is gold with a content of 1.5 to 2.8 g/t, the silver content is low – 5-17 g/t. Ore minerals are represented by sulfides, among which pyrite predominates. The total sulfide content does not exceed 3-5 %. The presence in the ore of free and associated gold with a grain size from fractions of a micron to 1.5 mm. Gold is represented by nuggets in intergrowth with sulfides and also forms independent inclusions. Ores are classified as easily cyanidable.
It was found that the content of amalgamable gold is 10-49, the share of cyanidable gold ranges from 66.67-91, the share of refractory gold is 9.0-33.33 %, which in absolute amount equals to 0.24-0.8 g/t. The extraction of gold in gravitation concentrate varies depending on the gold content in the ore and the yield of concentrate and for ores with a gold content of 1.5-2.8 g/t from 40 to 60 %. The direct cyanidation of all studied ore samples established the possibility of extracting gold into solution up to 86.7-92.9 %, the gold content in cyanidation cakes is 0.2-0.3 g/t. Investigations of the gravitation concentrate by the method of intensive cyanidation showed that with an initial gold content of ~ 500 g/t, up to 98.9 % is extracted into the solution. The gold content in intensive cyanide cakes will be 6-15 g/t. A set of studies carried out by the authors of the article at various institutes showed that it is advisable to process ore from the deposit using cyanidation technology with preliminary gravitational extraction of gold.
“Ural-20R” combines loading drives evaluation in two-stage development of the face
Authors: SHISHLYANNIKOV Dmitriy , TRIFANOV Mikhail , TRIFANOV Gennadiy
Published: July 2020

The technological features of the use of high-performance Ural-20R combines in the conditions of potash mines in Russia are described. It is shown that when the capacity of the worked potash seams is over 4 m, a two-layer ore extraction is used. The formation of cutting process, implemented by the second course of the combine in the treatment chamber, is carried out by an incomplete section of the executive bodies. The standard control system, display and protection of the Ural-20R combine does not allow monitoring and reliable estimation of the magnitude of dynamic components on the drives of the mining machine loads, as well as tracking the feed rate of the combine to the face. The regulation of the operating parameters and the assessment of the degree of loading of the drives of the excavating machine in real time are assigned to the operator.

The fundamentals of the experimental research methodology for assessing the loading of drives of Ural-20R combines with the destruction of the potash mass by an incomplete section of the executive bodies are described. The device and the operating procedure of the “Vatur” software-recording complex, which measures, records and records the electrical parameters of the drive motors of a mining machine, is described.

The process studies results of forming loads on drive elements of Ural-20R combines when mining a face with an incomplete section of executive bodies are presented. It is proved that the work of combine harvesters on the undercut of the formation with a high feed rate is accompanied by significant dynamic loads on the drives of planetary organs and an overload of the drives of the Berm organs, which leads to an accelerated consumption of the resource and emergency failures of the gearboxes and motors of the extraction machine.
Convergence rates in almost-periodic homogenization of higher-order elliptic systems
Authors: Xu Yao , Niu Weisheng
Published: July 2020

This paper concentrates on the quantitative homogenization of higher-order elliptic systems with almost-periodic coefficients in bounded Lipschitz domains. For almost-periodic coefficients in the sense of H. Weyl, we establish uniform local [Formula: see text] estimates for the approximate correctors. Under an additional assumption ( 1.8 ) on the frequencies of the coefficients, we derive the existence of true correctors as well as the [Formula: see text] convergence rate in [Formula: see text]. As a byproduct, the large-scale Hölder estimate and a Liouville theorem are obtained for higher-order elliptic systems with almost-periodic coefficients in the sense of Besicovitch. Since ( 1.8 ) is not well-defined for equivalence classes of almost-periodic functions in the sense of H. Weyl or Besicovitch, we provide another condition yielding the [Formula: see text] convergence rate under perturbations of the coefficients.
IMAGINED ISLAMIC SOCIETIES AND THE ROLE OF ULEMA IN CONTEMPORARY INDONESIA
Authors: Mahfud Choirul
Published: July 2020

Abstract

This article focuses discuss questions about how the role and contribution of ulema in the social life of religion in Indonesia. Also, how is the typology and characteristic of ulema in contemporary Indonesia. Sociologically, ulema is part of the most important topics in the study of religious institutions in the Islamic world, including when speaking about Islam in Indonesia. Ulema is also juxtaposed with umara. In this case, the position and role of the ulema are like an "informal" leader in a nation for Muslim Societies. In Indonesia, ulema has a central role in religious and state life to shape the imagined Islamic societies, such as Nusantara Islam and others. From time to time, ulema has made major contributions from before until after independence to the present. This is evident from the historical track record of ulema institutions in Indonesia. From Sabang to Merauke island, the term of ulema has an interesting nickname. For example, there are many other names of ulama like Kiai (Java), Tengku (Aceh), Ajengan (Sundanese), Buya (Minangkabau), Sheikh (North Sumatra), Tuan Guru (Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara and Kalimantan).

Keywords: Ulema, Indonesian Islam, and Imagined Islamic Societies
Keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan terhadap kemampuan penyesuaian diri anak usia 4-6 tahun
Authors: Nurhani Siti , Atika Putri Azlin
Published: July 2020

The involvement of fathers in the care of active participation of fathers in parenting that occurs continuously makes a positive impact on a child is one of them is adaptability. Adaptability is a person's ability to adapt well to itself or the environment, such as family, friends, other people, and the prevailing norms surrounding the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the involvement of fathers is there a relationship in the care of the adaptability of children aged 4-6 years in kindergarten Kemala Bhayangkari 3 Pekanbaru. This type of research is research with a quantitative approach to the design of correlational research, for the study population was the father and learners TK Kemala Bhayangkari 3  Pekanbaru. Sample collection technique using a purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 40 children. The method used in this study is the use of grains statement attached to the questionnaire. Based on the calculation of correlation test obtained by r-value = 0.737, with significant value 0.000, then suggest a link between fathers' involvement in the care of the adaptability of children aged 4-6 years. In conclusion, the positive relationship between fathers' involvement in the upbringing of the adaptability of children aged 4-6 years in kindergarten Kemala Bhayangkari 3 Pekanbaru
Creencias sobre la inclusión educativa y prácticas docentes en el contexto de aprendizaje de la lectoescritura inicial docentes sobre la inclusión educativa en el contexto de aprendizaje de la lectoescritura inicial
Authors: Paz-Delgado Carla Leticia , Barahona Elma
Published: July 2020

La inclusión educativa es un enfoque que pretende eliminar las barreras que limitan el aprendizaje y la participación del alumnado, promoviendo la equidad y la justicia social. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las creencias y prácticas pedagógicas de docentes hondureños respecto a la inclusión educativa en el contexto de aprendizaje de la lectoescritura inicial (LEI). Para ello se diseñó una investigación con enfoque mixto. Se emplearon cuatro técnicas para recolectar datos: observaciones en aula, entrevistas estructuradas, un cuestionario para explorar creencias y prácticas pedagógicas de la LEI en el contexto de la inclusión educativa, y un taller investigativo. Se conformó una muestra de 25 docentes, 19 regulares y 6 de apoyo. Los resultados indican que el profesorado asume una perspectiva dilemática en las creencias sobre el potencial de aprendizaje de los estudiantes y una concepción interaccionista en el sistema de creencias sobre los apoyos educativos para el aprendizaje de la LEI en estudiantes de primer grado de educación básica. En cuanto a las prácticas inclusivas, el profesorado utiliza aquellas vinculadas con el manejo efectivo del aula y, en menor medida, las estrategias de agrupamiento, la enseñanza adicional, las adaptaciones curriculares y los apoyos para la participación. En conclusión, las creencias y prácticas del profesorado están centradas en la mirada del déficit de los estudiantes con diversidad en el aprendizaje. Estos hallazgos ponen en evidencia la creciente necesidad de promover de manera sistemática espacios de formación para docentes acerca de la inclusión educativa en el contexto de aprendizaje de la LEI a nivel nacional.
Marcos de Competencias Digitales Docentes y su adecuación al profesorado universitario y no universitario
Authors: Cabero-Almenara Julio , Romero-Tena Rosalía , Barroso-Osuna Julio , Palacios-Rodríguez Antonio
Published: July 2020

Nos encontramos ante la paradoja de la creciente importancia otorgada a las competencias digitales, aunque los datos ponen de manifiesto que una parte importante de la población aún no ha desarrollado estas habilidades básicas. En este artículo nos centraremos en la competencia digital del docente (CDD). Para ello, presentamos una breve panorámica de los principales marcos de referencia para trabajar y mejorar la CDD de profesores universitarios y no universitarios, a partir de los cuales pretendemos conocer si existen diferencias en las valoraciones realizadas por un grupo de expertos sobre los diferentes marcos competenciales. Utilizamos la técnica del juicio de expertos con cálculo de “coeficiente experto”. En el estudio participan 335 expertos, los cuales consideran que estos marcos son significativos tanto a nivel universitario como no universitario. De esta forma, se avala la idea de que son propuestas bien consolidadas y que sirven para indicar a los docentes las competencias digitales que deben adquirir para el desempeño de su actividad profesional.
Fortalezas y áreas de mejora de la formación inicial docente en lectoescritura en la República Dominicana
Authors: Montenegro-de-Olloqui Liliana
Published: July 2020

Este artículo enfoca la formación en lectoescritura inicial (LEI) de estudiantes de la licenciatura en Educación Primaria Primer Ciclo de una institución de educación superior de la República Dominicana, privilegiando el análisis curricular. La investigación, de corte cualitativo, buscó analizar: 1) la alineación del currículo de formación con la evidencia investigativa; 2) las fortalezas y las brechas del plan de estudios; y 3) las diferencias entre el currículo prescrito y el aplicado en las aulas. Los datos se recolectaron mediante el mapeo de 25 cursos, entrevistas con seis docentes formadoras y doce docentes en formación en las tres sedes de la carrera, y nueve observaciones de aula. Los hallazgos indican que el plan de estudios está alineado con la literatura científica sobre la enseñanza de la LEI, aunque algunos ámbitos analizados no se abordan en profundidad (vocabulario, conciencia fonológica, decodificación y fluidez lectora). Se detectaron fortalezas: prescripción clara del enfoque teórico para la enseñanza (constructivista) y para la LEI (procesual cognitivo y comunicativo); prácticas en contextos reales para el cuerpo de docentes en formación, y brechas: diferencias entre las sedes sobre la formación en LEI de algunos profesores; escaso dominio del estudiantado sobre la evaluación del aprendizaje y ausencia de consulta sistemática de la bibliografía. Se constataron diferencias entre el currículo prescrito y el aplicado respecto al peso de la teoría y la práctica, al modelado, al enfoque de la enseñanza de la LEI y a la selección, elaboración y utilización de materiales para su instrucción.
Lectoescritura inicial en contextos bilingües: Una aproximación desde la teoría fundamentada
Authors: Saz-Choxin Marco Antonio
Published: July 2020

La lectoescritura inicial (LEI) es un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de lectura y escritura determinante, no solo para el éxito escolar de los niños, sino que a la vez constituye una etapa en la que se espera que la niñez obtenga destrezas y habilidades de beneficio a lo largo de su vida. Dada la vitalidad del tema, es importante conocer cómo se da este proceso, el cual cobra mayor relevancia en contextos bilingües, como Guatemala, donde la constitución política reconoce la coexistencia de 25 idiomas. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este artículo es el de analizar cómo se da el proceso de LEI en contextos bilingües, así como las variables que influyen. El estudio se diseñó bajo un enfoque cualitativo de investigación, empleando la teoría fundamentada. Se utilizó un muestreo teórico por referencia, tomando como base la narrativa de docentes experimentados en la enseñanza de los primeros grados de educación primaria de las escuelas públicas, en una de las regiones caracterizadas por su bilingüismo (maya K’iche’ y español) como lo es el departamento de Totonicapán (Guatemala). Los resultados muestran el diseño de un modelo teórico sobre la enseñanza de la LEI en este contexto, y permiten identificar algunos de los avances alcanzados, así como los desafíos pendientes de resolver en materia de la enseñanza bilingüe en Guatemala, con miras a la adecuada atención de los niños y niñas de esta región del país.
Studi Kualitatif Pemahaman Perawat Intensive Care Unit tentang Pengkajian Nyeri Behaviour Pain Scale
Authors: Khoirini Fatimah , Annisa Rahma
Published: July 2020

Assessment is the initial nursing process. In the nursing assessment obtained information about patient data used as a baseline and determine the next stage. Patients in intensive rooms with ventilators often received nursing actions that cause pain. Pain assessment in patients using ventilators must use special assessment techniques. Patients with ventilators require standardized assessment methods because they cannot communicate the pain they feel verbally. Payen in 2001 developed the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS). Critical patients who are fitted with ventilators need a systematic and consistent assessment of pain. Understanding is the ability to explain correctly and in detail about something. Before performing an action properly one needs to understand the action. This study aimed to determine the experience and understanding of ICU nurses about pain assessment using BPS at M Yunus Bengkulu General Hospital. This study used the qualitative study that focus on disclosing nurses' understanding of pain assessment using BPS. Themes that emerged in this study were 1. use BPS, 2. Three items in the BPS assessment, 3. Indicators assessing pain, 4. Maximum minimum scoring, 5. Range of pain values. Nurse’s understanding about BPS was very necessary.
Pengetahuan Ibu dan Pengelolaan Demam Anak di Satu Rumah Sakit Swasta di Indonesia Barat
Authors: Rachmawati Adiyat , Kartika Lia
Published: July 2020

Child's fever become a special consideration for mothers because of the adverse effects that arise if the fever is not treated. Mothers can experience anxiety so that independent treatment is the most effort made. Unaccountable information can lead mothers to inappropriate fever management. Preliminary data taken randomly in the outpatient unit showed that 9 out of 15 mothers did not understand the understanding and management of children's fever. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship of maternal knowledge about child fever with the management of child fever in a private hospital in Western Indonesia. This descriptive correlational quantitative study using a cross-sectional approach was conducted in February - March 2020. The incidental sampling technique obtained 191 respondents from the initial population ie all child clients in the outpatient unit. Data collection using a questionnaire about maternal knowledge and management of children's fever owned by Widyastuti, 2016 with a content validity index of 0.88. The reliability of the mother's knowledge questionnaire reached Cronbach Alpha 0.527 and the children's fever management questionnaire reached 0.724 with the KR-20 technique. Chi Square analysis showed a significant relationship between mother's knowledge and management of children's fever (p = 0.001). Providing education about comprehensive fever management is very much needed in the outpatient unit setting. The next recommendation is to conduct research to determine the perceptions and attitudes of mothers about child fever and its management.
الموازنة بين النظام الإسلامي والقانون الدولي في مبدئي حقوق الإنسان والسيادة
Authors: FARHAT ALI MUAMAR , Md Noor Ruzman
Published: July 2020

Islamic law stipulated the principles which regulate the relations between Individuals within their countries and externally with the other countries. These principles include the principles of human rights and international sovereignty. This study tackles the idea of establishing the balance between the Islamic system and international law by identifying their similarities and differences within the framework of the principles of both the human rights and the sovereignty. The study aimed to identify the rich Islamic rules in the field of international relations, clarify the concept of human rights and the theory of sovereignty in the Islamic system and international law, highlight the rules of the Islamic system in this area, and prove the complementarities and convergence, as well as difference and similarity with international law. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical method to give a full description of the two principles of human rights and sovereignty in the Islamic system and international law. He concluded with the most important results that the Islamic system has the lead in the adoption of these principles and abidance by them, before the international law. The Islamic system is like international law in the context of human rights and the need to protect them and the implications of rights in general international law, both at the levels of political, economic, social or cultural rights. The only difference lies in the fact that the Islamic system emanates from the rules of Islamic sharia’s teachings and values whereas the international law considers the society the source of rights. As to sovereignty, the study confirmed that the theory of sovereignty is well known in the Islamic system, and that this principle represents one of the basic rules organizing relations between individuals and states equally, but the difference lies in the frame of reference of the Islamic system and the International law. In the Islamic system, the organizing rules refer to the Islamic Shariah whereas in the International law, there is relation between religion with those rules.
ظاهرة تغيير الديانة في الأرخبيل الماليزي: الخبرات النفسية والاجتماعية
Authors: AL ZUABI LORANS HASSAN , Mas'ad Saleh Muhammad Aunurrochim , Ahmad Tajudin Amalina , Mohammed Bagotayan Sumaya
Published: July 2020

The main objective of this study is to explore the reasons why people leave their religion and convert to another religion or adopt another religious status. By using qualitative research analysis, the study explores the reasons why some people in Malaysian Peninsular have converted to Islam while others have embraced it. The study took into consideration whether the psychological, social and religious experiences of the converts affect their decision to convert. The data was collected through accurate interviews, both face-to-face and online, with converts to and from Islam. With purposive samples and a snowball, online interviews were conducted with apostates and face-to-face interviews with converts to Islam. The results of the data analysis showed that the phenomenon of religious conversion is a sensitive and complex issue in Malaysian Peninsular. The research found that the reasons for changing their previous religions or leaving the religion entirely vary greatly depending on the social, psychological and religious experiences of the converts. Thus, the reasons cited by most apostates about Islam seem more religious, but in fact more psychological and social. The reasons cited by those who converted to Islam are more social and psychological. For apostates, violence and contradiction in Quranic verses and Islamic education are the main reasons for abandoning Islam. Love, marriage, and material gain were among the reasons why some people converted to Islam. Therefore, the study concluded that the decision to leave the former religion is usually influenced by multiple, varied and interrelated reasons. Most of them were the result of social motives, which created psychological crises, and, in turn led to a change of religion.
The Effects of Shot Peening on the Surface Characteristics of 35NCD16 Alloy Steel
Authors: Benaissa Mohamed , Benkhenafou Fethi , Ziadi Abdelkader , Martinez Luis Borja Peral , Belzunce Francisco Javier , Douadji Lyes
Published: July 2020

Shot-peening is a surface mechanical treatment, widely used to treat metallic parts in the aerospace and automotive industries. This mechanical surface treatment should not be confused with other common applications of other peening treatments, oriented towards cleaning, preparation or surface finishing. Shot peening is a mechanical treatment used to improve the service life of metallic components, especially when they are submitted to cyclic loads. The effect of shot peening on the surface work hardening and residual stress profile of a 35NCD16 steel was studied in this work.
«Vrayment voicy de plaisans fous»: la folie dans le théâtre profane de Marguerite de Navarre
Authors: Marczuk Barbara
Published: July 2020

This study shows that the dialectics of wisdom and folly, which owes a great deal to the relativization of reason in Renaissance culture, undergoes an original development in Marguerite de Navarre’s “secular” theater. While in these plays Marguerite uses figures of folly which inscribe themselves in the tradition represented by the late-medieval wordly fool, or Erasmus’s wise fool, she also creates the figure of the spiritual fool, who draws from both divine science and mystical ecstasy. The protagonists of four of Marguerite’s plays, Le Mallade, L’Inquisiteur, Trop, Prou, Peu, Moins, and the Comédie jouée au Mont de Marsan (written between 1535 and 1547), embody spiritual folly to an increasingly sublime degree, from the docta ignorantia up to mystic rapture. This exceeds, however, not only Erasmus’s conception but also that of the spiritual influences on the queen (Guillaume Briçonnet, Marguerite Porete) and appears to be her own invention, by means of which she expresses the most radical spiritual aspirations of a soul in search of God.
L'allégorie théâtrale au début du XVIe siècle: le cas des pièces «profanes» de Marguerite de Navarre
Authors: Koopmans Jelle
Published: July 2020

In the sixteenth century, allegory was old, but allegorical drama was relatively new. This is both a hermeneutical and a stylistic phenomenon that has not yet led to re-consideration of Marguerite de Navarre’s “secular” plays. These works are generally considered atypical, in the sense that she uses outdated “medieval” dramatic forms in order to formulate new contents. But this is only partially true, as our study of the context of Le Mallade shows, because these forms were neither “old” nor “medieval.” Marguerite was engaged, in her own way, in the general adventure of theatrical allegory, and the separation of form and content is a critical fallacy. This article also argues that the combined form and content of Marguerite’s plays might have been determined by the situations in which they were represented.
Bile acids regulate intestinal antigen presentation and reduce graft-versus-host disease without impairing the graft-versus-leukemia effect
Authors: Eileen Haring  , Franziska M. Uhl  , Geoffroy Andrieux  , Michele Proietti  , Alla Bulashevska  , Barbara Sauer  , Lukas M. Braun  , Enrique de Vega Gomez  , Philipp R. Esser  , Stefan F. Martin  , Dietmar Pfeifer  , Marie Follo  , Annette Schmitt-Graeff  , Joerg Buescher  , Justus Duyster  , Bodo Grimbacher  , Melanie Boerries  , Erika L. Pearce  , Robert Zeiser  , Petya Apostolova
Published: July 2020

Acute graft-versus-host disease causes significant mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Immunosuppressive treatment for graft-versus-host disease can impair the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia effect and facilitate malignancy relapse. Therefore, novel approaches that protect and regenerate injured tissues without impeding the donor immune system are needed. Bile acids regulate multiple cellular processes and are in close contact with the intestinal epithelium, a major target of acute graft-versus-host disease. Here, we found that the bile acid pool is reduced following graft-versus-host disease induction in a preclinical model. We evaluated the efficacy of bile acids to protect the intestinal epithelium without reducing anti-tumor immunity. We observed that application of bile acids decreased cytokine-induced cell death in intestinal organoids and cell lines. Systemic prophylactic administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, the most potent compound in our in vitro studies, reduced graft-versus-host disease severity in three different murine transplantation models. This effect was mediated by decreased activity of the antigen presentation machinery and subsequent prevention of apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium. Moreover, bile acid administration did not alter the bacterial composition in the intestine suggesting that its effects are cell-specific and independent of the microbiome. Treatment of human and murine leukemic cell lines with tauroursodeoxycholic acid did not interfere with the expression of antigen presentation-related molecules. Systemic T cell expansion and especially their cytotoxic capacity against leukemic cells remained intact. This study establishes a role for bile acids in the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease without impairing the graft-versus-leukemia effect. In particular, we provide a scientific rationale for the systematic use of tauroursodeoxycholic acid in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Motivating component in the remote form of employment of the staff
Authors: Kryvosheieva V. , Vasyurenko L.
Published: July 2020

Conditions of innovative development of economy make significant changes in the system of social – labor relations, their new forms appear, which accompany the transition of social – labor relations from collectively – contractual to more individual and socially vulnerable. In this regard, new challenges are emerging for the whole system of regulation of social and labor relations. The most significant form of manifestation of changes in this area of ​​social relations is remote social – labor relations, which focus on providing the ability to perform work responsibilities without being in the workplace due to modern technologies. Compared to our country, telework is well developed in foreign countries.
Foreign companies have already experienced the benefits of remote employment: saving time to get to work, solving transport problems, reducing environmental tensions, reducing unemployment, increasing time for family communication and leisure.
The concept of remote employment, the main problems of this form of employment and ways of their solution, practical application of it in modern organizations, all advantages and disadvantages of working in a remote format are analyzed. The prospect of further spread of remote employment in the country, methods of motivation of workers working remotely were evaluated.
The peculiarities of personnel management with regard to remote employment in organizations were identified and a strategy for remote employment management was proposed, which would allow to understand the problems related to remote work, which management needed to solve: finding the right balance between work and personal life, overcoming isolation at work in place, compensation for lack of personal communication and compensation for lack of employee visibility. Ways to increase the efficiency of work of remote employees, motivate them to work, as well as increase their level of adaptation in the company and involvement in the workforce.
Key words: motivation, control, personnel, remote work, flexible work, flexible schedule, remote work, innovation.
Humus balance in a short crop rotation of Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine depending on fertilization systems of typical chornozemic soil
Authors: Prymak I. , Panchenko O. , Voytovik M. , Obrajyy S. , Panchenko I.
Published: July 2020

Four year research (2015–2018) at Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University proved that plant residues and non-market products of the field five course grain row rotation are important sources for soil humus formation. On the unfertilized areas, fertilized withn8 t/ha of animal manure + N76P64K57, 12 t/ha of animal manure + N95P82K72 and 16 t/ha of animal manure + N112P100K86 humus percentage formed due to humification of plants matter was correspondently 51.4; 40.3; 37.7 and 36.1 %, with animal manure – 0; 15.3; 17.2 and 18.7 %, with by-products of farming – 44.0; 40.8; 41.7 and 42.1 %, with herbage of white mustard – 4.6; 3.6; 3.4 and 3.1 %. With the increase of fertilizers level this index regarding plants matter and green manure decreases, while animal manure provides for the index slight increase.
On the unfertilized areas humus balance under cultivated crops as sunfl ower and corn is negative, but under other crops in rotation it is positive. On the fertilized areas under all crops this index is positive. When applying the biggest amount of fertilizers, annual gain in soil humus is 1.1 t/ha.
Humus balance is negative on all the variants of research under the condition of disposal of non-market products from the fi elds of crop rotation.
Along with plants matter, plant by-products and herbage of white mustard the amount of humus provided to the soil was equal to the application of correspondently 14–33, 12–36 and 1.3–2.6 t of animal manure per hectare of tilled fi eld.
Under zero, the fi rst, the second and the third levels of soil fertilization, soil received correspondently 4.08; 5.98; 7.46 and 8.73 t of plants matter 68–71 % of which are root and the others are above surface.
The percentage of by-products of crops in the rotation increases with fertilizers amount increase. Soy, winter wheat, sunfl ower and spring barley have a bigger gain in above surface rather than root mass due to increase of fertilizers amount.
The highest productivity from one hectare of tilled fi eld in a crop rotation (5.63 t of dry matter, 7.84 t of fodder units, 0.671 t of digestible protein) is gained due to application of 16 t/ha of animal manure + N112P100K86, though the most economically viable amount is 12 t/ha animal manure + N95P82K72.
Key words: humus balance, soil, fertilizers, crop, by-products, plants matter, crop rotation, grain crops, index of ecologization, productivity.