bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is it a (fe)male pain? Portuguese nurses' and laypeople's gendered representations of common pains
Authors: Bernardes S.F. , Silva S.A. , Carvalho H. , Costa M. , Pereira S.
Published: September 2013

Background

Although many studies have explored gender role expectations of pain behaviours in different cultures, only a few authors have tried to explore whether certain pains are more associated with the typical man or woman. Hence, this study aimed at exploring, among Portuguese laypeople and nurses, patterns of common pains more strongly associated with the typical man or woman, and their relationship with health‐care training and personal pain experiences.

Methods

A total of 68 nurses (76% women) and 55 laypeople (62% women) were asked to identify, through free association, the most frequent common pains that people in general associate with the typical man and woman, respectively, and also to report their personal past pain experiences. A content analysis was used to categorize and quantify participants' responses. A multiple correspondence analysis was performed to identify gendered patterns of common pains, followed by a cluster analysis to classify participants according to their endorsed patterns.

Results

Findings showed that while ‘back and musculoskeletal pains’ was the only pattern associated with the typical man, more differentiated patterns of pains were associated with the typical woman, namely (1) headaches; (2) abdominal, back and musculoskeletal pains; and (3) pains due to hormonal cycles, labour/puerperium and from the urinary/reproductive system. These representations were shared by laypeople and nurses and were only significantly associated with personal experiences of pains from the urinary/reproductive system.

Conclusions

This study identified different gendered patterns of common pains, which may have important implications for (wo)men's pain experiences and how these are interpreted by others.
The Experiences of Black Master's Counseling Students: A Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors: Haskins Natoya , Whitfield‐Williams Mary , Shillingford Margaret Ann , Singh Anneliese , Moxley Reisha , Ofauni Chika
Published: September 2013

This phenomenological study investigated the experiences of 8 Black students enrolled in a master's‐level counseling program. Five themes central to participant experiences were identified: (a) isolation as a Black student, (b) tokenization as a Black student, (c) lack of inclusion of Black counselor perspectives within course work, (d) differences between support received by faculty of color and support received by White faculty, and (e) access to support from people of color and White peers. Implications for counselor educators and study limitations are discussed.
Relationships Among Career Thoughts, Vocational Identity, and Calling: Implications for Practice
Authors: Galles Jacob A. , Lenz Janet G.
Published: September 2013

The concept of a calling in relation to career choice is a topic of interest in current literature. Exploring variables that may contribute to the presence of a calling is an important gap in the literature. This study examined career thoughts and vocational identity in relation to the presence of calling in a sample of 329 undergraduate university students enrolled in a career development course. The findings revealed significant relationships among all the variables of interest, as well as moderate predictive power, indicating that vocational identity and career thoughts may contribute to the formation of a calling to pursue a particular career. Limitations, implications for practice, and future research are discussed.
Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma mimicking a thyroid nodule in a MEN type 1 patient
Authors: Lee Kyung Mi , Kim Eui Jong , Choi Woo Suk , Park Won Seo , Kim Sung Won
Published: September 2013

A 59‐year‐old woman with classic manifestations of hyperparathyroidism associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 presented with a right adrenal mass and two pituitary microadenomas on imaging studies. For evaluation of hypercalcemia, 99mTc‐MIBI scintigraphy was done and showed focal uptake at the thyroid level of the right anterior neck. Subsequent neck sonography showed several thyroid nodules, but there was no parathyroid tumor. Percutaneous fine‐needle aspiration of the dominant thyroid nodule indicated a follicular nodule. After surgery, final histopathology revealed intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma. This case illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing parathyroid carcinoma via fine‐needle aspiration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:212–214, 2014
Bipolar cloud‐to‐ground lightning flash observations
Authors: Saba Marcelo M. F. , Schumann Carina , Warner Tom A. , Helsdon John H. , Schulz Wolfgang , Orville Richard E.
Published: September 2013

Bipolar lightning is usually defined as a lightning flash where the current waveform exhibits a polarity reversal. There are very few reported cases of cloud‐to‐ground (CG) bipolar flashes using only one channel in the literature. Reports on this type of bipolar flashes are not common due to the fact that in order to confirm that currents of both polarities follow the same channel to the ground, one necessarily needs video records. This study presents five clear observations of single‐channel bipolar CG flashes. High‐speed video and electric field measurement observations are used and analyzed. Based on the video images obtained and based on previous observations of positive CG flashes with high‐speed cameras, we suggest that positive leader branches which do not participate in the initial return stroke of a positive cloud‐to‐ground flash later generate recoil leaders whose negative ends, upon reaching the branch point, traverse the return stroke channel path to the ground resulting in a subsequent return stroke of opposite polarity.
Three‐dimensional late gadolinium‐enhanced mr imaging of the left atrium: A comparison of spiral versus Cartesian k‐space trajectories
Authors: Knowles Benjamin R. , Peters Dana C. , Clough Rachel E. , Razavi Reza , Schaeffter Tobias , Prieto Claudia
Published: September 2013

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of high‐resolution late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging using a three‐dimensional (3D) stack of spirals k‐space trajectory for the detection of left atrial (LA) ablation lesions. LGE imaging inherently suffers from low SNR, so that improvements in spatial resolution and imaging time are challenging. The spiral trajectory offers greater acquisition efficiency, and this is used for increased spatial resolution.

Materials and Methods

Nine healthy subjects and 10 pre/post pulmonary vein isolation patients underwent an MRI examination. A Cartesian 3D inversion‐recovery gradient‐echo sequence was performed followed by a 3D inversion‐recovery gradient‐echo with a spiral trajectory. Image quality, fat suppression and sharpness were graded by expert cardiologists.

Results

No statistical significance was determined for SNR or image quality between the Cartesian and spiral images; however, fat suppression was significantly improved with the spiral approach (P = 0.002). The enhancement in the Cartesian scan was found to have significantly higher CNR (P = 0.02).

Conclusion

The feasibility of spiral LGE in the left atrium has been demonstrated. Similar image quality and sharpness were observed with both acquisitions. This spiral sequence has sub‐millimeter spatial resolution improved fat suppression and maintains a comparable level of SNR compared with the Cartesian scan. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:211–216. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducibility of myocardial strain and left ventricular twist measured using complementary spatial modulation of magnetization
Authors: Swoboda Peter P. , Larghat Abdulghani , Zaman Arshad , Fairbairn Timothy A. , Motwani Manish , Greenwood John P. , Plein Sven
Published: September 2013

Purpose

To establish the reproducibility of complementary spatial modulation of magnetization (CSPAMM) tagged cardiovascular MR (CMR) data in normal volunteers.

Materials and Methods

Twelve healthy volunteers underwent CMR studies on two separate occasions using an identical CSPAMM pulse sequence with images acquired in three short axis slices. Data were analyzed by two independent observers using harmonic phase analysis (HARP). Lagrangian circumferential and radial strain, rotation, and left ventricular twist were calculated.

Results

The intraobserver reproducibility of circumferential strain (CoV [coefficient of variation] 1.5–4.3%) and LV twist (CoV 1.2–4.4%) was better than radial strain (CoV 10.6–14.8%). For interobserver reproducibility, circumferential strain (CoV 3.5–6.2%) and LV twist (CoV 3.5–7.2%) were more reproducible than radial strain (CoV 11.8–21.8%). Interstudy reproducibility of circumferential strain (CoV 3.7–5.5%) and LV twist (CoV 9.8–12.2%) were good but radial strain (CoV 13.8–23.4%) but showed poorer interstudy reproducibility. Sample size calculations suggested 20 or fewer subjects are needed to detect a 10% change in circumferential strain (power 90%; α error 0.05), whereas for twist, 66 subjects would be required.

Conclusion

In normal volunteers, the intraobserver, interobserver, and interstudy reproducibility of circumferential strain and LV twist measured from CSPAMM tagged CMR data are good, but are less so for radial strain. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:887–894. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pathologic classification of adenocarcinoma of lung
Authors: Van Schil Paul E. , Sihoe Alan D.L. , Travis William D.
Published: September 2013

Recently, the 1999/2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of adenocarcinoma became less useful from a clinical standpoint as most adenocarcinomas belonged to the mixed subtype and the term bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) gave rise to much confusion among clinicians. For these reasons a new adenocarcinoma classification was introduced in 2011 by a joint working group of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), American Thoracic Society (ATS), and European Respiratory Society (ERS). This represents an international, multidisciplinary effort joining pathologists, molecular biologists, pulmonary physicians, thoracic oncologists, radiologists, and thoracic surgeons. Currently, a distinction is made between pre‐invasive lesions, minimally invasive and invasive lesions. The confusing term BAC is not used anymore and new subcategories include adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. Several aspects of this classification are discussed with main emphasis on its correlation with imaging techniques and its impact on diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. On chest computed tomography (CT) a distinction is made between solid and subsolid nodules, the latter comprising ground glass opacities (GGO), and partly solid lesions. Several studies incorporating CT and positron emission tomographic (PET) data show a good imaging—pathologic correlation. With the implementation of screening programs early lung cancer has become a hotly debated topic and sublobar resection is currently reconsidered for early lesions without lymph node involvement. This new classification will also have an impact on the TNM classification. Thoracic surgeons will continue to play a major role in the application, evaluation and further refinement of this new adenocarcinoma classification. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 108:320–326. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copolymerization of Ethylene and 1‐Hexene with Ansa‐Dimethylsilylene(fluorenyl) (t‐butylamido)Dimethyltitanium Complexes Activated by Modified Methylaluminoxane
Authors: Wannaborworn Mingkwan , Praserthdam Piyasan , Jongsomjit Bunjerd , Cai Zhengguo , Yano Haruki , Shiono Takeshi
Published: September 2013

ansa‐Dimethylsilylene(fluorenyl)(t‐butylamido)dimethyltitanium complex, Me2Si(η3‐C13H8)(η1‐NtBu)TiMe2(1), and its tetraalkylsubsutituted‐fluorenyl derivative, Me2Si(η3‐C29H36)(η1‐NtBu)TiMe2(2), are used as catalysts for ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization activated by modified methylalminoxane. 2 is found to show remarkable activity and affords high‐molecular‐weight polymer compared with 1. The monomer reactivity ratios, rE and rH, are determined to be rE = 3.0 ± 0.15, rH = 0.19 ± 0.06 for 1, and rE = 2.9 ± 0.15, rH = 0.27 ± 0.02 for 2, indicating that 2 incorporates 1‐hexene slightly more than 1.

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Functional End Groups in Polytetrahydrofuran
Authors: Caroli Giuseppe , Loos Katja
Published: September 2013

Polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) is a very widespread polymer, which is used in numerous applications. Very frequently, its functional end groups play a key role, in that they are exploited to perform further reactions. However, only limited work is available to date on the preparation of functionalized PTHF, mostly using hazardous compounds. Here, an easy and convenient one‐pot procedure is described to prepare iodo‐, azido‐, and amino‐terminated PTHF with minimal use of hazardous chemicals. This is thought to be the first example of iodo‐ and azido‐terminated PTHF. Additionally, a novel alternative method to obtain bromo‐ and cyano‐terminated PTHF is reported.

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A topological characterization of the existence of fixed points and applications
Authors: Khanh Phan Quoc , Quan Nguyen Hong
Published: September 2013

We prove a topological two‐way characterization of the existence of fixed‐points, without using linear or convexity structures and provide applications in optimization‐related problems. Such a characterization is also demonstrated for a fixed‐component point, a slight generalization of a fixed point.
A critical Kirchhoff‐type problem involving the ‐Laplacian
Authors: Cammaroto F. , Vilasi L.
Published: September 2013

In this paper we provide an existence result for a nonlocal problem of Kirchhoff‐type which involves both the p‐ and the q‐Laplacian and contains a critical term. Our approach is variational: we derive the existence of one non‐trivial solution via the multidimensional mountain pass theorem.
Genetic variations in base excision repair pathway and risk of bladder cancer: A case–control study in the United States
Authors: Xie Hui , Gong Yilei , Dai Jingyao , Wu Xifeng , Gu Jian
Published: September 2013

Base excision repair (BER) is one of the major cellular DNA repair pathways that repairs small isolated foci of DNA damage including reduced or oxidized single bases or fragments and small, non‐bulky adducts. Genetic variations in BER genes may affect DNA repair capacity and increase susceptibility to bladder cancer. In a case–control study of 801 bladder cancer patients and 801 matched controls, we evaluated the associations of 167 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 19 genes of the BER pathway with the risk of bladder cancer. In individual SNP analysis, 13 SNPs in 10 BER pathway genes were significantly associated with bladder cancer risk. The most significant SNP was rs2029167 in the SMUG1 gene. The homozygous variant GG genotype was associated with a 1.42‐fold increased risk of bladder cancer (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.82, P = 0.005). Cumulative effect analysis showed joint effects of increased risk of bladder cancer with increasing number of unfavorable genotypes in patients. Classification and regression tree analysis further revealed high‐order gene–gene interactions and categorized the study subjects into low‐, medium–low‐, medium–high‐, and high‐risk groups. Compared with the low‐risk group, the odds ratio for medium–low‐, medium–high‐, and high‐risk group was 1.83 (95% CI: 1.23–2.72), 2.61 (95% CI: 1.79–3.80), and 3.05 (95% CI: 2.08–4.46), respectively (P for trend <0.001). Our results suggest that genetic variations in BER pathway genes modulate the risk of bladder cancer individually and jointly. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasma metabolites of dietary flavonoids after combination meal consumption with onion and tofu in humans
Authors: Nakamura Toshiyuki , Murota Kaeko , Kumamoto Shun , Misumi Kazuhiro , Bando Noriko , Ikushiro Shinichi , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Sekido Keiko , Kato Yoji , Terao Junji
Published: September 2013

Scope

The effect of food combination on metabolic profile in postprandial plasma has hardly been reported. We investigated the absorption and metabolism of quercetin and soy isoflavones in humans after combination meal consumption.

Methods and results

Five healthy volunteers ingested sautéed onion and tofu, and the plasma metabolites of quercetin and isoflavones were analyzed. Quercetin and genistein were incubated with human intestinal Caco‐2 cells and human hepatoma HepG2 cells to further analyze the influence of simultaneous supply to the small intestine and the liver. Glucuronosyl conjugates of quercetin and methylated quercetin were the major plasma metabolites in the case of onion intake. Plasma metabolites with the single serving of tofu were both glucuronide and sulfate metabolites of isoflavones. Interestingly, quercetin sulfate was only detected after the combined intake of sautéed onion and tofu, accompanied with a decrease in sulfated isoflavones. Besides, quercetin was shown as the preferential substance for phase II enzymes over genistein in both Caco‐2 and HepG2 cells.

Conclusion

These results indicate that, when flavonoids and isoflavonoids were ingested together, the metabolic conversions in the small intestine and/or the liver could be altered, resulting in the variation of the postprandial profiles of the plasma metabolites.
Accelerated multi‐shot diffusion imaging
Authors: Madore Bruno , Chiou Jr‐yuan George , Chu Renxin , Chao Tzu‐Cheng , Maier Stephan E.
Published: September 2013

Purpose

To reduce image distortion in MR diffusion imaging using an accelerated multi‐shot method.

Methods

The proposed method exploits the fact that diffusion‐encoded data tend to be sparse when represented in the kb‐kd space, where kb and kd are the Fourier transform duals of b and d, the b‐factor and the diffusion direction, respectively. Aliasing artifacts are displaced toward under‐used regions of the kb‐kd plane, allowing nonaliased signals to be recovered. A main characteristic of the proposed approach is how thoroughly the navigator information gets used during reconstruction: The phase of navigator images is used for motion correction, while the magnitude of the navigator signal in kb‐kd space is used for regularization purposes. As opposed to most acceleration methods based on compressed sensing, the proposed method reduces the number of ky lines needed for each diffusion‐encoded image, but not the total number of images required. Consequently, it tends to be most effective at reducing image distortion rather than reducing total scan time.

Results

Results are presented for three volunteers with acceleration factors ranging from 4 to 8, with and without the inclusion of parallel imaging.

Conclusion

An accelerated motion‐corrected diffusion imaging method was introduced that achieves good image quality at relatively high acceleration factors. Magn Reson Med 72:324–336, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Max‐IDEAL: A max‐flow based approach for IDEAL water/fat separation
Authors: Soliman Abraam S. , Yuan Jing , Vigen Karl K. , White James A. , Peters Terry M. , McKenzie Charles A.
Published: September 2013

Purpose

To propose a novel approach to water/fat separation using a unique smoothness constraint.

Theory and Methods

Chemical‐shift based water/fat separation is an established noninvasive imaging tool for the visualization of body fat in various anatomies. Nevertheless, B0 magnetic field inhomogeneities can hamper the water/fat separation process. In this work, B0 variations are mapped using a convex‐relaxed labeling model which produces a coarse estimate of the field map, while considering T2* decay during the labeling process. Fat and water components are subsequently resolved using T2*‐IDEAL. An adaptive spatial filtering (ASF) was introduced to improve the robustness of the estimate. The method was tested on cardiac and abdominal datasets from healthy volunteers and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.

Results

Out of 168 cardiac and abdominal images, only 1 case has shown water/fat swaps that can hinder the clinical interpretation of the underlying anatomy.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates a new water/fat separation approach that prevents the occurrence of water/fat swaps, by means of a unique smoothness constraint. Incorporating T2* effect in the labeling procedure and including the ASF processing enhance the robustness of the proposed approach and permit the procedure to handle abrupt B0 variations within the field of view. Magn Reson Med 72:510–521, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Absolute oxygen R1eimaging in vivo with pulse electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Epel Boris , Bowman Michael K. , Mailer Colin , Halpern Howard J.
Published: September 2013

Purpose

Tissue oxygen (O2) levels are among the most important and most quantifiable stimuli to which cells and tissues respond through inducible signaling pathways. Tumor O2levels are major determinants of the response to cancer therapy. Developing more accurate measurements and images of tissue O2partial pressure (pO2), assumes enormous practical, biological, and medical importance.

Methods

We present a fundamentally new technique to image pO2in tumors and tissues with pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging enabled by an injected, nontoxic, triaryl methyl (trityl) spin probe whose unpaired electron's slow relaxation rates report the tissue pO2. Heretofore, virtually all in vivo EPR O2imaging measures pO2with the transverse electron spin relaxation rate, R2e, which is susceptible to the self‐relaxation confounding O2sensitivity.

Results

We found that the trityl electron longitudinal relaxation rate, R1e, is an order of magnitude less sensitive to confounding self‐relaxation. R1eimaging has greater accuracy and brings EPR O2images to an absolute pO2image, within uncertainties.

Conclusion

R1eimaging more accurately determines oxygenation of cancer and normal tissue in animal models than has been available. It will enable enhanced, rapid, noninvasive O2images for understanding oxygen biology and the relationship of oxygenation patterns to therapy outcome in living animal systems. Magn Reson Med 72:362–368, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uncertainty in MR tracer kinetic parameters and water exchange rates estimated from T1‐weighted dynamic contrast enhanced MRI
Authors: Zhang Jin , Kim Sungheon
Published: September 2013

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the uncertainty in estimation of MR tracer kinetic parameters and water exchange rates in T1‐weighted dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI.

Methods

Simulated DCE‐MRI data were used to assess four kinetic models; general kinetic model with a vascular compartment (GKM2), GKM2 combined with water exchange (SSM2), adiabatic approximation of the tissue homogeneity model (ATH), and ATH combined with water exchange (ATHX).

Results

In GKM2 and SSM2, increase in transfer constant (Ktrans) led to underestimation of vascular volume fraction (vb), and increase in vb led to overestimation of Ktrans. Such coupling between Ktrans and vb was not observed in ATH and ATHX. The precision of estimated intracellular water lifetime (τi) was substantially improved in both SSM2 and ATHX when Ktrans > 0.3 min−1. Ktrans and vb from ATHX model had significantly smaller errors than those from ATH model (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of measuring τi from DCE‐MRI data albeit low precision. While the inclusion of water exchange improved the accuracy of Ktrans, vb, and the interstitial volume fraction estimation (ve), it lowered the precision of other kinetic model parameters within the conditions investigated in this study. Magn Reson Med 72:534–545, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Revised motion estimation algorithm for PROPELLER MRI
Authors: Pipe James G. , Gibbs Wende N. , Li Zhiqiang , Karis John P. , Schar Michael , Zwart Nicholas R.
Published: September 2013

Purpose

To introduce a new algorithm for estimating data shifts (used for both rotation and translation estimates) for motion‐corrected PROPELLER MRI. The method estimates shifts for all blades jointly, emphasizing blade‐pair correlations that are both strong and more robust to noise.

Theory and Methods

The heads of three volunteers were scanned using a PROPELLER acquisition while they exhibited various amounts of motion. All data were reconstructed twice, using motion estimates from the original and new algorithm. Two radiologists independently and blindly compared 216 image pairs from these scans, ranking the left image as substantially better or worse than, slightly better or worse than, or equivalent to the right image.

Results

In the aggregate of 432 scores, the new method was judged substantially better than the old method 11 times, and was never judged substantially worse.

Conclusion

The new algorithm compared favorably with the old in its ability to estimate bulk motion in a limited study of volunteer motion. A larger study of patients is planned for future work. Magn Reson Med 72:430–437, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reliability‐based design for slopes reinforced with a row of drilled shafts
Authors: Li Lin , Liang Robert Y.
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a reliability‐based computational algorithm was developed and coded into a computer program, P‐UASLOPE, for design of a row of equally spaced drilled shafts to stabilize an unstable slope while achieving the required target reliability index with minimum volume of drilled shafts. The Monte Carlo simulation technique was used in the previously developed deterministic computational program, in which the limiting equilibrium method of slices was modified to incorporate the arching effects of the drilled shafts in a slope. Uncertainties of soil parameters in the slope were considered by statistical descriptors, including mean, coefficient of variance, and distribution function. Model errors of the semi‐empirical predictive equation for the load transfer factor for characterizing the soil arching effects were considered by statistics of bias. A total of 41 cases of 3‐D finite element simulation results were used to determine the statistics of bias. Two design examples, one is a two‐layer slope and the other one is an actual failed slope, were given to demonstrate the use of P‐UASLOPE program for optimized design of drilled shafts reinforced slope system to achieve the most economic combination of design variables (i.e., location, spacing, diameter, and length of drilled shafts) to satisfy the design requirements in terms of target reliability index and the structural performance of the drilled shafts. A single value of factor of safety chosen in the deterministic approach may not yield the desired level of reliability as uncertainties of soil parameters and model errors cannot be accounted for systematically. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communicating “pink”: an analysis of the communication strategies, transparency, and credibility of breast cancer social media sites
Authors: Fussell Sisco Hilary , McCorkindale Tina
Published: September 2013

In public relations, the social media explosion has significantly impacted how organizations communicate to their various publics through sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Although previous studies have investigated dialogic communication and relationship building strategies in organizations, few have carried out this in terms of an organization's overall social media presence, especially with nonprofits. Research has found most nonprofits are not taking full advantage of social media. Moreover, the organizations that did use social media typically employed one‐way communication strategies focusing primarily on information dissemination.

This study quantitatively analyzed the transparency and credibility of breast cancer nonprofits are participating on social media sites, specifically Facebook and Twitter, and how these sites affect perceptions of credibility and transparency. Overall, most top breast cancer nonprofits are active on both Twitter and Facebook but differ in terms of activity, credibility, and transparency. Organizations that tweeted more had more “likes”, more followers, and more overall tweets and were seen to be more transparent and credible by virtue of activity alone. This study also found a strong relationship between the transparency and credibility of the organization. Therefore, organizations need to use social media sites not only to communicate with their audiences but also to engage in dialogue on a regular basis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Newborn screening program for hemoglobinopathies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: de Castro Lobo Clarisse Lopes , Ballas Samir K. , Domingos Ana Carolina Bonini , Moura Patricia G. , do Nascimento Emilia Matos , Cardoso Gilberto Perez , de Carvalho Silvia Maia Farias
Published: September 2013

Background

Newborn screening for hemoglobinopathy in Brazil has been decentralized until 2001 when the Health Ministry of Brazil established the National Newborn Hemoglobinopathy Screening Program. The State of Rio de Janeiro started a program in collaboration with the State Health Department and the Institute of Hematology in Rio (HEMORIO). The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the first 10 years of the Newborn Hemoglobinopathy Screening Program in identifying and managing infants with Sickle cell disease (SCD) in the State of Rio de Janeiro.

Procedure

Blood samples from 1,217,833 neonates were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Infants with SCD were enrolled in comprehensive treatment programs.

Results

Data showed that 4.87% of the newborns were heterozygous for a hemoglobin variant, 0.08% were homozygous or doubly heterozygous for abnormal hemoglobins and 95.02% had normal hemoglobin. All the 912 newborns with SCD were referred for treatment at HEMORIO, 34 (3.7%) of these died due to acute chest syndrome, sepsis or splenic sequestration. Four more children died of unknown causes. The implementation of the Rio de Janeiro Newborn Screening Program gradually increased the area of the State covered by the program.

Conclusion

Data collected during the 10 years of the program showed reduction in mortality of patients with SCD in comparison to available historical statistical data before the implementation of the national screening program. This 10‐year study showed that early diagnosis and treatment of newborns was associated with improved survival and quality of life of Brazilian children with SCD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:34–39. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Useful marker of oscillatory lung function in methacholine challenge test—comparison of reactance and resistance with dose–response slope
Authors: Yoon Jung Won , Shin Youn Ho , Jee Hye Mi , Chang Sun Jung , Baek Ji Hyeon , Choi Sun Hee , Kim Hyeong Yun , Han Man Yong
Published: September 2013

Background

There are few studies focusing on the comparison of resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) in impulse oscillometry system (IOS) in the bronchial challenge test using dose–response slope (DRS), a quantitative index of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Material and Methods

We conducted a case–control study of 144 asthmatic and 218 non‐asthmatic children to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two‐point linear DRS for FEV1, Rrs5, and Xrs5 (DRS_FEV1, DRS_Rrs5, and DRS_Xrs5) and assessed various diagnostic cut‐off points of provocation concentrations (PC) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

DRS_FEV1 had a stronger correlation with DRS_Xrs5 (r = 0.739, P < 0.001) than with DRS_Rrs5 (r = 0.652, P < 0.001) and the area under the ROC curves of DRS_Xrs5 (0.737) was similar to that of DRS_FEV1 (0.732) and higher than that of DRS_Rrs5 (0.668). The area under the ROC curves in order of greater value was as follows: absolute change of Xrs5 (Abs_Xrs5) (0.759) > percent change of FEV1 (Pch_FEV1) (0.735) > Pch_Xrs5 (0.727) > Abs_Rrs5 (0.690) > Pch_Rrs5 (0.630). PC78_Xrs5 and PC0.17_Xrs5 of IOS showed considerably good sensitivity and specificity comparable to those of PC20_FEV1 by spirometry. Additional 18 (13%) children who showed normal spirometric measures were identified as asthmatics with the use of IOS.

Conclusion

The utility of the DRS_Xrs5 to differentiate asthmatics from controls was comparable to that of the DRS_FEV1 and better than that of the DRS_Rrs5. In addition, IOS could detect additional asthmatic patients who did not show positive responses in spirometry. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:521–528. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The E2F1/DNMT1 axis is associated with the development of AR negative castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Valdez Conrad David , Kunju Lakshmi , Daignault Stephanie , Wojno Kirk J. , Day Mark L.
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND

Research on castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has focused primarily on functional alterations of the androgen receptor (AR). However, little is known about the loss of AR gene expression itself and the possible contribution of AR negative cells to CRPC.

METHODS

Human and murine prostate cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs) were evaluated with antibodies specific for E2F1, DNA methyltransferase 1 or AR. The human prostate cancer TMA consisted of clinical samples ranging from normal tissue to samples of metastatic disease. The murine TMA was comprised of benign, localized or metastatic prostate cancer acquired from TRAMP mice treated with castration and/or 5′‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5Aza).

RESULTS

Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased nuclear DNMT1 staining in localized PCa (P < 0.0001) and metastatic PCa (P < 0.0001) compared to normal tissue. Examination of specific diagnoses revealed that Gleason seven tumors exhibited greater nuclear DNMT1 staining than Gleason six tumors (P < 0.05) and that metastatic tissue exhibited greater levels of nuclear DNMT1 than Gleason seven tumors (P < 0.01). Evaluation of the murine tissue cores revealed that 8.2% and 8.1% of benign tissue cores stained positive for E2F1 and DNMT1 respectively, while 97.0% were AR positive. Conversely, 81% and 100% of tumors were positive for E2F1and DNMT1 respectively. This was in stark contrast to only 18% of tumors positive for AR. Treatment of mice with 5Aza reduced DNMT1 staining by 30%, while AR increased by 27%.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings demonstrate that the E2F1/DNMT1 inhibitory axis of AR transcription is activated during the emergence of CRPC. Prostate 73:1776–1785, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spin textures of strongly correlated spin Hall quantum dots
Authors: Dolcetto Giacomo , Ziani Niccolò Traverso , Biggio Matteo , Cavaliere Fabio , Sassetti Maura
Published: September 2013

We study the spin ordering of a quantum dot defined via magnetic barriers in an interacting quantum spin Hall edge. The spin‐resolved density–density correlation functions are computed. We show that strong electron interactions induce a ground state with a highly correlated spin pattern. The crossover from the liquid‐type correlations at weak interactions to the ground state spin texture found at strong interactions parallels the formation of a one‐dimensional Wigner molecule in an ordinary strongly interacting quantum dot.

magnified image

A quantum dot, delimited by two magnetic barriers, embedded into a quantum spin Hall edge.

(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Best practices in system dynamics modeling
Authors: Martinez‐Moyano Ignacio J. , Richardson George P.
Published: September 2013

This research explores opinions about best practices in system dynamics modeling elicited from a distinguished group of experts in the field. We address three questions: What do practitioners believe is the best way to undertake system dynamics modeling? What specific core activities are essential for exemplary action during the different stages of the modeling process? What do experts believe are the most important practices during the different stages of the modeling process? The researchers used a multi‐method approach involving interviews, virtual meetings using the Internet, statistical analysis of the generated data and, finally, a facilitated face‐to‐face meeting in which experts discussed the results of the study and their implications. The results of this research include 72 best practices grouped into six categories that reflect the stages of the system dynamics modeling process. Copyright © 2013 System Dynamics Society.
Al (110) surface oxide thermal stability in ultrahigh vacuum
Authors: Cai Minzhen , Outlaw Ronald A. , Butler Sue M. , Miller John R.
Published: September 2013

This research characterizes the stability of the Al2O3 surface oxide on Al (110) as a function of temperature and within an ultrahigh vacuum environment (p < 5 × 10−12 Torr). Auger electron spectroscopy and temperature desorption spectroscopy were used to correlate the change in oxygen and carbon surface concentration. The surface oxide was observed to remain stable up to 350–400 °C. Above this temperature, the oxide began to dissociate resulting in a CO desorption peak at 425 °C followed by extensive dissolution of the C and O into the Al bulk. A second and much smaller CO desorption peak was observed at 590 °C in concert with complete oxide breakdown and the virtual disappearance of surface carbon and oxygen. Extrapolation of the Auger electron spectral ratios of CKLL and OKLL peaks to the sum of the Al0LVV and Al3+LVV peak suggests that the surface concentration of each approaches zero at ~640 °C. The predominant mechanism for reduction of the surface oxide occurs by dissolution into the bulk instead of desorption. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct Mechanisms of DNA Sensing Based on N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes with Enhanced Conductance and Chemical Selectivity
Authors: Kim Han Seul , Lee Seung Jin , Kim Yong‐Hoon
Published: September 2013

N‐doped capped carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes applied to DNA sequencing are studied by first‐principles calculations. For the face‐on nucleobase junction configurations, a conventional conductance ordering is obtained where the largest signal results from guanine according to its high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, whereas for the edge‐on counterparts a distinct conductance ordering is observed where the low‐HOMO thymine provides the largest signal. The edge‐on mode is shown to operate based on a novel molecular sensing mechanism that reflects the chemical connectivity between N‐doped CNT caps that can act both as electron donors and electron acceptors and DNA functional groups that include the hyperconjugated thymine methyl group.
Insights into the Relationship Between Products and Services Coming from Biology
Authors: Allen Timothy F. , Shaw Duncan , Allen Peter C. , Spohrerin James
Published: September 2013

This paper examines the relationship between product manufacturing and service production using the lenses of concepts from biology and ecology. Social science tends to contrast rather than compare. Biological science compares across levels rather than establishing contrasts. Biological systems are tangible but complex, anchors that ground biology as it explores multilevel structures using multiple logical types. This tendency towards unity over division is offered as a complement to social scientific divisiveness in the services literature. Discourses of relative scale and level can help descriptions of the product–service relationship, which otherwise holds the discourse to a low levels of analysis about local logical types. We use examples of human ecological occupancy of landscapes, cleaner fish services, roots serviced by rhizospheres, origins of photosynthesis, dust mites and the misnomer of ‘ecosystem services’ to develop the conceptualisation of products and services. We conceptualize products and services as unified in being opposite sides of the same coin that flips with a shift in the level of analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Let's Have a Cup of Coffee! Coffee and Coping Communities at Work
Authors: Stroebaek Pernille S.
Published: September 2013

Video Abstract
“We could think of things that could be science”: Girls' re‐figuring of science in an out‐of‐school‐time club
Authors: Gonsalves Allison , Rahm Jrène , Carvalho Alice
Published: September 2013

Grounded in sociocultural theory, this study explores how the figured world of science is reworked through a series of multi‐media activities that were introduced into a girls‐only conversation club in an after school program for Teens. The study is part of a multi‐sited ethnography in which we explored youths' engagement with science within three sites. In this paper, we focus on a qualitative case study of one site. We present an analysis of the kinds of resources and cultural models of science that youth mobilized as they re‐figured science together over time, and in a space usually reserved for talk about girls' issues. Our study revealed that a meaningful introduction of science into an out‐of‐school‐time (OST) space that values youths' prior experiences seemed to depend on a two‐way exchange: re‐figuring their experiences as science‐experiences; and the re‐figuring of science to include their every‐day experiences. The study was successful in helping the girls re‐figure the world of science in ways that went beyond the mobilization of cultural models tied to school science only. Through collage, video production, formal and informal dialogue, youth mobilized resources from youth culture to position themselves as insiders to science and to refigure science to include resources from their everyday experiences. Yet, that figuring was also heavily marked by time and space. Follow‐up interviews point to a limited shifting of what counts as “real science” or how the youth consider themselves in relation to science. We conclude with a discussion of the gap between youth interest driven science experiences and science experiences driven by disciplinary practices detached from the world of youth. We discuss the implications of such a tension for introducing science into OST settings with program goals that extend beyond science learning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 1068–1097, 2013
Relocation routing for energy balancing in mobile sensor networks
Authors: Deng Yiping , Lin Chuang , Wu Dapeng , Ren Fengyuan
Published: September 2013

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely investigated in the past decades because of its applicability in various extreme environments. As sensors use battery, most works on WSNs focus on energy efficiency issues (e.g., local energy balancing problems) in statically deployed WSNs. Few works have paid attention to the global energy balancing problem for the scenario that mobile sensor nodes can move freely. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol called global energy balancing routing protocol (GEBRP) based on an active network framework and node relocation in mobile sensor networks. This protocol achieves global energy efficiency by repairing coverage holes and replacing invalid nodes dynamically. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the proposed GEBRP achieves superior performance over the existing scheme. In addition, we analyze the delay performance of GEBRP and study how the delay performance is affected by various system parameters.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fair and efficient Transmission Control Protocol access in the IEEE 802.11 infrastructure basic service set
Authors: Keceli Feyza , Inan Inanc , Ayanoglu Ender
Published: September 2013

When the stations in an IEEE 802.11 infrastructure basic service set employ Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), this exacerbates per‐flow unfair access problem. We propose a novel analytical model to approximately calculate the maximum per‐flow TCP congestion window limit that prevents packet losses at the access point buffer and therefore provides fair TCP access both in the downlink and uplink. The proposed analysis is unique in considering the effects of varying number of uplink and downlink TCP flows, differing round trip times among TCP connections and the use of delayed TCP acknowledgment (ACK) mechanism. Motivated by the findings of this theoretical analysis and simulations, we design a link layer access control block to be employed only at the access point in order to resolve the unfair access problem. The proposed link layer access control block uses congestion control and ACK filtering approach by prioritizing the access of TCP data packets of downlink flows over TCP ACK packets of uplink flows. Via simulations, we show that the proposed algorithm can provide both short‐term and long‐term fair accesses while improving channel utilization and access delay. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Layered Zinc(II) Coordination Polymer Containing Infinite Zn–S–Zn Chains and its Cluster‐like Derivative
Authors: Luo Daibing , Chen Ziyi , Wu Liangzhuan , Zhi Jinfang , Lin Zhien
Published: September 2013

A layered zinc(II) coordination polymer, Zn(SPh)(im) (1), was synthesized under solvothermal conditions. This compound exhibits a sql topology with zinc thiolate chains cross‐linked by imidazolate ligands. To further incorporate S2– ions into the synthetic system, the animidazole‐ligated P1 cluster, Zn8S(SPh)14(Him)2·PhSSPh (2), was isolated and structurally characterized.
Zirconium Complexes of Two Different Iminopyrrolyl Ligands – Syntheses and Structures
Authors: Kottalanka Ravi K. , Naktode Kishor , Panda Tarun K.
Published: September 2013

The reaction involving N‐aryliminopyrrolyl ligand, 2‐((p‐Me‐C6H3N=CMe)–C4H3NH) (1a) (ImpMe‐H), and Zr(OtBu)4 in a 2:1 molar ratio in toluene at 90 °C afforded the corresponding bis(iminopyrrolyl) complex of zirconium, [(ImpMe)2Zr(OtBu)2] (2a) having two bidentate iminopyrrole groups in the coordination sphere. In contrast, the bulkier 2‐((2,6‐iPr2C6H3N=CH)–C4H3NH) (1b) (ImpDipp‐H) and Zr(OtBu)4 in a 1:1 molar ratio under the same condition yielded the corresponding mono(iminopyrrolyl) complex of zirconium, [(ImpDipp)Zr(OtBu)3(THF)] (2b), which contains only one bidentate iminopyrrole moiety in the coordination sphere. Both complexes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The solid‐state structures reveal that the bulky iminopyrrole ligands cause a steric crowding around the zirconium ion along with three tert‐butoxide ligands attached to the central metal atom.
Unrolling Egyptian mummies in nineteenth-century Britain
Authors: MOSHENSKA GABRIEL
Published: September 2013

The unrolling of Egyptian mummies was a popular spectacle in mid-nineteenth-century Britain. In hospitals, theatres, homes and learned institutions mummified bodies, brought from Egypt as souvenirs or curiosities, were opened and examined in front of rapt audiences. The scientific study of mummies emerged within the contexts of early nineteenth-century Egyptomania, particularly following the decipherment of hieroglyphics in 1822, and the changing attitudes towards medicine, anatomy and the corpse that led to the 1832 Anatomy Act. The best-known mummy unroller of this period was the surgeon and antiquary Thomas Pettigrew, author of the highly respectedHistory of Egyptian Mummies. By examining the locations, audiences and formats of some of Pettigrew's unrollings this paper outlines a historical geography of mummy studies within the intellectual worlds of nineteenth-century Britain, illuminating the patterns of authority, respectability, place and performance that Pettigrew and his colleagues navigated with varying degrees of success.