bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complications associated with implant migration into the maxillary sinus cavity
Authors: Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Padial‐Molina Miguel , Avila Gustavo , Rios Hector F. , Hernández‐Cortés Pedro , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: August 2011

Background

Migration of dental implants into the maxillary sinus is an uncommon, but increasingly reported complication. Implant migration may result from initial lack of primary stability, intrasinusal and nasal pressure changes, autoimmune reaction to the implant or incorrect distribution of occlusal forces. This retrospective study aims at analyzing the factors that may influence implant migration into the maxillary sinus cavity.

Material and methods

Fourteen patients presenting a total 15 implants that migrated into the maxillary sinus were recruited. Diagnosis of this complication was based on imaging techniques, such as cone beam computerized tomography scan and panoramic radiography. Clinical data were recorded in all cases and processed for statistical analysis.

Results

ABH was below 6 mm in the majority of cases. However, almost 50% of the patients did not receive any site preparation treatment prior to implant insertion. Five patients (33.3%) were treated by osteotome techniques, but only one of them had bone grafting. Therefore, 73.3% of sites did not receive any biomaterial to increase available bone height. The most common complication‐associated factors found on this study were related to implant design (cylindrical), implant dimension (diameter), implant restoration/rehabilitation method (partial removable denture), site‐specific anatomy (initial residual bone height between 5 and 6.9 mm), demographics (age), and biomaterials.

Conclusion

Patient selection and proper treatment planning, as well as the application of the appropriate sinus augmentation technique, are critical aspects that should be controlled to minimize the risk of implant migration into the maxillary sinus cavity. [Correction added after online publication August 17 2011: The Conclusion was revised to provide better clarity to the reader.]
Is oral health‐related quality of life stable following rehabilitation with mandibular two‐implant overdentures?
Authors: Jabbour Z. , Emami E. , de Grandmont P. , Rompré P. H. , Feine J. S.
Published: August 2011

Objectives

The superiority of mandibular two‐implant overdentures (IODs) over conventional complete dentures (CDs) in terms of quality of life is still questioned. Furthermore, the stability and magnitude of the treatment effect over time remain uncertain. This follow‐up study aimed to determine the stability and magnitude of the effect of IODs on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Material and methods

172 participants (mean age 71 ± 4.5 years) randomly received CDs or IODs, both opposed by conventional maxillary dentures. OHRQoL was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐20) at baseline, 1 and 2 years post‐treatment. Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to assess the effects of time and treatment on the total OHIP and its individual domain scores.

Results

A statistically significant improvement in OHRQoL was seen for both treatment groups (P < 0.001). This improvement was maintained over the 2 year assessment. At both follow‐ups, participants wearing IODs reported significantly better total OHIP scores than those wearing CDs (P < 0.001), with a 1.5 times larger magnitude of effect. In the CD group, baseline OHIP scores influenced the post‐treatment scores (P < 0.001). This effect was not found in the IOD group.

Conclusions

The effect of mandibular two‐IODs on OHRQoL is stable over a 2‐year period. The large magnitude of effect of this treatment supports its clinical significance.
Experimental
Determination of Spectral Transmittance of Porous Cerium Dioxide in the Range 900–1700
nm
Authors: Ganesan Krithiga , Lipiński Wojciech
Published: August 2011

Overall transmittance of porous cerium dioxide is measured in the spectral range of 900–1700 nm using dispersive spectroscopy. Dense and porous samples of cerium dioxide with average porosities of 0.08 and 0.72, respectively, are investigated. The transmittance of both sample types increases with decreasing thickness, and this trend is more pronounced for the dense samples. The on-average spectrally increasing transmittance of the dense samples is attributed to the decreasing absorption by bulk cerium dioxide with radiation wavelength. The transmittance of the porous samples, on the other hand, remains approximately constant over the spectrum. Porous samples attenuate radiation stronger than the dense samples at any wavelength in the considered range, and it is hypothesized that this effect is due to more intense scattering. Sharp local variations of the transmittance are observed for both sample types.
The Formation of Banded Condensate Films in Weak Ammonia–Water Mixtures
Authors: Deans Joe , Kucuka Serhan
Published: August 2011

This experimental and analytical study focuses on the formation of banded condensate films on a horizontal tube, when the ammonia mass fraction of the vapor is less than 0.0126. The experimental results show that there is a step change in the heat transfer coefficient when a banded film is formed. This change develops when the vapor mass fraction is approximately 0.004 and the heat transfer coefficient at the end of the change is 15% greater than the value expected for steam. The banded films are initiated at the base of the tube; midway between the regions where droplets detach. Photographs taken during the tests show that the development starts with the formation of a single band; when this band is complete, secondary bands are formed on either side and then further bands are added until the complete tube surface is covered with a banded film. The reason for the delay in the formation of the bands is examined using a simple two-dimensional force balance. The success of this examination provides an insight to the mechanisms employed in the formation of banded films.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Characteristics of Nonboiling Two-Phase Flow in Microchannels
Authors: Choo Kyosung , Kim Sung Jin
Published: August 2011

In this study, heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of nonboiling two-phase flow in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The effects of channel diameter (140, 222, 334, and 506 μm) on the Nusselt number and the pressure drop were considered. Air and water were used as the test fluids. Results were presented for the Nusselt number and the pressure drop over a wide range of gas superficial velocity (1.24–40.1 m/s), liquid superficial velocity (0.57–2.13 m/s), and wall heat flux (0.34–0.95 MW/m2). The results showed that the Nusselt number increased with increasing gas flow rate for the large channels of 506 and 334 μm, while the Nusselt number decreased with increasing gas flow for the small channels of 222 and 140 μm. Based on these experimental results, a new correlation for the forced convection Nusselt number was developed. In addition, the two-phase friction multiplier is shown to decrease as channel diameter decreases due to the influence of viscous and surface tension forces.
Analysis of the Frictional Vibration of a Cleaning Blade in Laser Printers Based on a Two-Degree-Of-Freedom Model
Authors: Kono Go , Inagaki Yoshinori , Yabuno Hiroshi , Nohara Tsuyoshi , Kasama Minoru
Published: August 2011

This research aims to analyze the dynamics of the self-excited vibration of a cleaning blade in a laser printer. First, it is experimentally indicated that that the self-excited vibration is not caused by the negative damping effect based on friction. Next, the excitation mechanism and dynamics of the vibration are theoretically clarified using an essential 2DOF link model, with emphasis placed on the contact between the blade and the photoreceptor. By solving the equations governing the motion of the analytical model, five patterns of static equilibrium states are obtained, and the effect of friction on the static states is discussed. It is shown that one of five patterns corresponds to the shape of the practical cleaning blade, and it is clarified through linear stability analysis that this state becomes dynamically unstable, due to both effects of friction and mode coupling. Furthermore, the amplitude of the vibration in the unstable region is determined through nonlinear analysis. The obtained results show that this unstable vibration is a bifurcation classified as a supercritical Hamiltonian-Hopf bifurcation, and confirms the occurrence of mode-coupled self-excited vibration on a cleaning blade when a constant frictional coefficient is assumed.
Experimental Rotations of a Pendulum on Water Waves
Authors: Lenci Stefano , Brocchini Maurizio , Lorenzoni Carlo
Published: August 2011

The rotations of a parametric pendulum fitted onto a suitable floating support and forced to move vertically under the action of water waves have been studied on the basis of a dedicated wave flume laboratory experiment. An extended experimental campaign has been carried out with the aim of providing insight into the mechanics of the pendulum’s response to the wave forcing and data useful as a benchmark for available theories. A large number of time histories of the pendulum’s angular position have been collected. Rotations have been detected for different values of the frequency and of the amplitude of the excitation, showing the robustness in parameter space, and for different initial conditions, showing the robustness in phase space. This experiment, suggested by the recently developed concept of extracting energy from sea waves, constitutes preliminary experimental proof of that concept’s practical feasibility.
Electronic properties of ultrathin high-κ dielectrics studied by ballistic electron emission microscopy
Authors: Qin H. L. , Troadec C. , Goh K. E. J. , Kakushima K. , Iwai H. , Bosman M. , Pey K. L.
Published: August 2011

Ballistic electron emission microscopy was employed in order to investigate the electronic properties of sub-nanometer high-κ dielectrics (CeO2 and La2O3). The authors found that such a thin dielectric sandwiched between Au and n-Si fails to exhibit the same electronic barrier as its bulk counterpart, but it can still significantly attenuate the ballistic electron transport. The authors attribute the observed smaller barrier height to quantum tunneling and/or induced gap states. The results suggest that such ultrathin high-κ dielectrics in a metal-dielectric-semiconductor structure do not show a fully formed electronic barrier.
Measuring signal‐to‐noise ratio in partially parallel imaging MRI
Authors: Goerner Frank L. , Clarke Geoffrey D.
Published: August 2011

Purpose:

To assess five different methods of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) measurement for partially parallel imaging (PPI) acquisitions.

Methods:

Measurements were performed on a spherical phantom and three volunteers using a multichannel head coil a clinical 3T MRI system to produce echo planar, fast spin echo, gradient echo, and balanced steady state free precession image acquisitions. Two different PPI acquisitions, generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition algorithm and modified sensitivity encoding with acceleration factors (R) of 2–4, were evaluated and compared to nonaccelerated acquisitions. Five standard SNR measurement techniques were investigated and Bland–Altman analysis was used to determine agreement between the various SNR methods. The estimated g‐factor values, associated with each method of SNR calculation and PPI reconstruction method, were also subjected to assessments that considered the effects on SNR due to reconstruction method, phase encoding direction, and R‐value.

Results:

Only two SNR measurement methods produced g‐factors in agreement with theoretical expectations (g ≥ 1). Bland–Altman tests demonstrated that these two methods also gave the most similar results relative to the other three measurements.R‐value was the only factor of the three we considered that showed significant influence on SNR changes.

Conclusions:

Non‐signal methods used in SNR evaluation do not produce results consistent with expectations in the investigated PPI protocols. Two of the methods studied provided the most accurate and useful results. Of these two methods, it is recommended, when evaluating PPI protocols, the image subtraction method be used for SNR calculations due to its relative accuracy and ease of implementation.
The influence of field strength and different clinical breast MRI protocols on the outcome of texture analysis using foam phantoms
Authors: Waugh Shelley A. , Lerski Richard A. , Bidaut Luc , Thompson Alastair M.
Published: August 2011

Purpose:

Texture analysis (TA) has proved to be useful to distinguish different tissues and disease states using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). TA has been successfully applied clinically to improve identification of abnormalities in the brain, liver, and bone and, more recently, has been used to enhance the specificity of breast MRI. This preclinical study used a custom‐made phantom containing different grades of reticulated foam embedded in agarose gel to assess the capability of TA to distinguish between different texture objects, under different imaging conditions. The aim was to assess whether TA could be used reliably with clinical protocols that were not optimized for texture analysis and also to investigate the effect that changing imaging sequence parameters would have on the outcome of TA.

Methods:

Clinical fast gradient echo sequences and two different breast RF coils were used in order to reflect standard clinical practice. Three protocols were used: (1) a high spatial resolution protocol run on a 1.5 Tesla (T) MRI scanner, (2) a parameter matched sequence run on a 3.0 T magnet, and (3) a high temporal resolution protocol also run on a 3.0 T magnet.For each protocol, three sequence parameters (repetition time, bandwidth/echo time, and flip angle) were altered from the baseline values to assess the impact of changes in acquisition parameters on the outcome of TA.

Results:

TA was performed usingMAZDA software and clearly differentiated four foam phantoms when using the wavelet transform method (WAV), also moderately so with the co‐occurrence matrix method (COM). The outcome was generally improved for imaging protocols acquired on the 3.0 T scanner, particularly for the high spatial resolution protocol where changes to the acquisition parameters influenced the TA, especially changes to the bandwidth/echo time. For the other protocols, TA outcome was less affected by changes to the imaging parameters.

Conclusions:

This phantom study shows that acquisition parameters and protocols that are typically used for clinical breast imaging can result in good TA. Our findings suggest that changes to sequence parameters may not greatly influence the outcome of texture analysis, but rather that spatial resolution may be the most important factor to consider.
Studies of the structure and the atomic diffusion properties of the Σ = 5 [001] twist GB in B2-type intermetallic compound NiAl
Authors: Wen Yan-Ni , Zhang Jian-Min
Published: August 2011

The structural properties, the formation energies and the atoms’ diffusion behaviors by vacancy mechanism near the Σ = 5 [001] twist GB of the B2-type intermetallic compound NiAl have been investigated by using the modified analytical embedded-atom method and a molecular dynamics simulation. Both the largest displacement and rippling effect occur at the first layer near the GB. The Ni vacancies at uncoincident sites are most easily formed on the first and second layers of the Ni- and Al-terminations, respectively. Furthermore, the Ni vacancy at an uncoincident site on the second layer of the Al-termination tends to migrate to the coincident Ni site of the first layer of the Ni-termination along a six-step jump path. The Ni vacancies at either the coincident or uncoincident site of the first layer tend to migrate in the first layer and finally return to their original site. Therefore, there is a collective tendency for the Ni vacancies to appear in the GB without local disorder.
Multiatom entanglement dynamics and entanglement transfer between remote cavities via optical fibers
Authors: He Qi-Liang , Zhang Ye-Qi , Xu Jing-Bo
Published: August 2011

We investigate the entanglement dynamics of a system that consists of four single-mode cavities that are spatially separated and connected by two optical fibers, with multiple two-level atoms trapped in each cavity. It is shown that the phenomenon of entanglement sudden death and sudden birth appears in this system and is sensitive to the initial conditions and the parameter r. In addition, we also study the entanglement and entangled state transfer between the atoms and find that a perfect transfer can be realized if the value of the parameter r satisfies a certain condition, established here.
Closed-form solution of Cattaneo equation including volumetric source in relation to laser short-pulse heating
Authors: Al-Qahtani H. , Yilbas B.S.
Published: August 2011

The wave nature of the heating model is considered, incorporating the Cattaneo equation with the presence of a volumetric heat source. The volumetric heat generation resembles the step input laser short-pulse intensity. The governing of the heat equation is solved analytically using the Laplace transformation method. The stress field generated due to thermal contraction and expansion of the substrate material is formulated and the closed-form solution is presented. It is found that the wave nature of the heating is dominant during the period of the irradiated short-pulse; however, in the late cooling period, the wave nature of heating is replaced by diffusional heat conduction, governed by Fourier’s law. The stress field during the heating cycle is compressive and becomes tensile in the cooling cycle.
A general derivation of the Hall conductivity on the noncommutative plane
Authors: Jiang Yue , Liang Mai-Lin , Zhang Ya-Bin
Published: August 2011

By algebraic approach, Hall conductivity on the noncommutative plane is derived exactly. The calculations are carried out in noncommutative phase spaces without any representations or perturbation expansions of the coordinate and momentum operators.
Axially symmetric cosmological mesonic stiff fluid models in Lyra’s geometry
Authors: Gad Ragab M.
Published: August 2011

In this paper, we obtain a new class of axially symmetric cosmological mesonic stiff fluid models in the context of Lyra’s geometry. Expressions for the energy, pressure, and the massless scalar field are derived by considering the time-dependent displacement field. The obtained solutions represent shearing, nonrotating, and expanding with time, t. Moreover, they do not approach isotropy for large time, t. We find also that the mesonic scalar field depends only on the time coordinate, t.
van der Waals cohesion in nonsmooth contact dynamics: application to powder mixtures
Authors: Ludewig François , Dorbolo Stéphane , Boschini Frédéric , Cloots Rudi , Vandewalle Nicolas
Published: August 2011

This work aims to introduce van der Waals forces, and more generally cohesive forces, in a nonsmooth contact dynamics (NSCD) model for studying dense particle systems. The contact dynamics method is based on the relative velocities of interacting bodies. On the other hand, the van der Waals force considers only distance between the bodies. Consequently, we developed a theoretical argument for reconciling velocity and position aspects. As an illustration of our numerical method, we investigated the mixing of different granular species in a rotating drum. We consider large (100 μm radius) and small (5 μm radius) spheres. For these latter, the cohesion forces are larger than their weight. This subject is of great interest in powder handling. We prove that the NSCD approach is suited to modeling dense particle systems such as cohesive powders.
Jiles–Atherton model used in the magnetization process study for the composite magnetoelectric materials based on cobalt ferrite and barium titanate
Authors: Pop Nicusor Cristian , Caltun Ovidiu Florin
Published: August 2011

This paper presents the use of the Jiles–Atherton model in fitting the major magnetization curves for two classes of composite magnetoelectric materials. These materials are: (BaTiO3)x(CoFe2O4)1–x and (BaTiO3)x(CoMn0.2Fe1.8O4)1–x, with x = 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4. The model’s parameters result from finding the regression curves and give information about the micromagnetic state of the material. The dependencies of the model’s parameters on the ratio of the two phases’ concentrations have been analyzed. The values of the parameters for the two classes of materials have been compared, and the influence of Mn on the magnetic properties has been analyzed. Also presented here are the regression curves for a set of first order reversal curves using the same algorithm as the major magnetization curves. The dependence of the model’s parameters on the reversal field has been analyzed.
Molecular association at the microscopic level
Authors: Neumann Richard M.
Published: August 2011

For the molecular equilibrium A + B ⇔ AB occurring in a dilute solution or gas, the two-particle Helmholtz free energy, W, is used to evaluate the association constant, KAB, which, for ionic A and B, is identical to the Bjerrum result. The criterion defining the bound species AB is not arbitrary; the cutoff separation distance in the configuration integral used to calculate KAB arises directly from the definition of W. For a one-component dense fluid, W permits the derivation of the phase-condensation temperature, which, for a gas, is the critical temperature and for a liquid the freezing temperature. For ionic A and B (e.g., molten salt), the Kosterlitz–Thouless expression for the freezing temperature is obtained.
Elastic and inelastic scattering for the elements 12C, 6Li, and 40Ca using the reaction KN
Authors: Arceo R. , Sandoval A. , Belmont E. , Alvarez C.
Published: August 2011

The study of the nuclear structure for the elements 12C, 40Ca, and 6Li has been performed in the momentum range from 0 to 0.8 GeV/c by using K+N phase shifts. An optical potential is used to calculate the elastic differential cross section and total cross section for K+ scattering from 12C, 40Ca, and 6Li. Comparison with previous experiments shows better results for the elements 6Li and 40Ca and fair agreement for the element 12C.
High temperature elastic anharmonicity in lanthanum mono-chalcogenides
Authors: Raju Krishna Murti
Published: August 2011

The elastic behaviour of lanthanum mono-chalcogenides is investigated at elevated temperatures. This study includes second- and third-order elastic constants of compound semiconductors LaS, LaSe, and LaTe, starting from primary physical parameters, that is, nearest neighbour distance and hardness parameters, assuming long- and short-range potentials. The variations of elastic constants with temperature follow a systematic trend identical to that observed in other chalcogenides in the NaCl-type structure family. The present approach can also succeed in predicting the pressure derivatives of the elastic constants. The obtained results are compared with available theoretical data and are found to be in satisfactory agreement with present values.
Extended KP equations and extended system of KP equations: multiple-soliton solutions
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid
Published: August 2011

In this work we study an extended Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation and a system of KP equations. We show that the extension terms do not kill the integrability of typical models. Hereman’s simplified method is used to justify this goal. Multiple soliton solutions will be derived for each model. The analysis highlights the effects of the extension terms on the dispersion relations, and hence on the structures of the solutions.
MODEL-INDEPENDENT ESTIMATES FOR THE ABELIAN Z′ BOSON AT MODERN HADRON COLLIDERS
Authors: GULOV ALEXEY , KOZHUSHKO ANDREY
Published: August 2011

The model-independent constraints on the Abelian Z′ couplings from the LEP data are applied to estimate the Z′ production in experiments at the Tevatron and LHC. The Z′ total and partial decay widths are analyzed. The results are compared with model-dependent predictions and present experimental data from the Tevatron. If we assume the 1–2σ hints from the LEP data to be a signal of the Abelian Z′ boson, then the Tevatron data constrain the Z′ mass between 400 GeV and 1.2 TeV.
TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE THICK BRANE AND FERMIONS IN EXTRA DIMENSION
Authors: TOFIGHI A. , MOAZZEN M.
Published: August 2011

Since our universe is a system with the temperature so it is interesting to investigate the effects of temperature in the brane-world theories. In this paper we consider the effect of temperature on a real scalar field with potential V(ϕ) = -½aϕ2 + ¼bϕ4 in a flat extra dimension. We find analytical expressions for the coefficients of the potential. We study the effect of the temperature on the domain wall (thick brane solution). We find an expression for the critical temperature which separates a symmetric phase from the broken symmetry phase. By inclusion of fermions, we also investigate temperature effect on the localization of fermions in extra dimension. It is found that the inclusion of fermion reduces the critical temperature.
THE HYBRID MESON: NEW RESULTS FROM THE UPDATED mg AND αs PARAMETERS
Authors: SEMLALA L. , IDDIR F.
Published: August 2011

We present new results concerning the masses and the decay widths of the most interesting hybrid meson states taking as inputs the gluon mass mg and the nonperturbative QCD running coupling constant αs(0) coming from both LQCD and SDE recent estimations.
KAON PHYSICS AND DISCRETE SYMMETRIES
Authors: SOZZI MARCO S.
Published: August 2011

The kaon system has been a privileged observatory for the discovery and the study of the violations of fundamental discrete symmetries, elucidating the role of such phenomena within the present successful theory of particle physics. Its peculiar characteristics from an experimental and a theoretical point of view make this system an ideal one for the investigation of elusive asymmetries. An overview of recent measurements is presented, as well as a discussion of the rich future plans for high-precision measurements with several different approaches.
INVESTIGATION OF INCOMPLETE FUSION IN 19F+159Tb REACTION AT BEAM ENERGY OF ~ 5 MeV/NUCLEON
Authors: KUMAR AMIT , SUDARSHAN K. , SODAYE SUPARNA , TRIPATHI R. , PUJARI P. K.
Published: August 2011

Formation cross-sections of evaporation residues have been measured in 19 F +159 Tb reaction at E lab =83, 88, 93, 98 and 103 MeV using recoil catcher technique followed by off-line gamma-ray spectrometry. Significant contribution from incomplete fusion has been observed at these low beam energies indicating the contribution to incomplete fusion from collision trajectories with angular momentum (l) less than the critical angular momentum for complete fusion (l cr (CF)) . Incomplete fusion cross-sections could be explained using a modified sum-rule model which allows effective competition from incomplete fusion for collision trajectories with l<l cr (CF) .
MICROSCOPIC OPTICAL POTENTIAL FROM ARGONNE INTER-NUCLEON POTENTIALS
Authors: PACHOURI DIPTI , SHARMA MANJARI , RAFI SYED , HAIDER W.
Published: August 2011

In the present work we describe our results concerning the calculation of equation of state of symmetric zero temperature nuclear matter and the microscopic optical potential using the soft-core Argonne inter-nucleon potentials in first order Brueckner–Hartree–Fock (BHF) theory. The nuclear matter saturates at a density 0.228 nucleon/fm 3 with 17.52 MeV binding energy per nucleon for Argonne av-14 and at 0.228 nucleon/fm 3 with 17.01 MeV binding energy per nucleon for Argonne av-18. As a test case we present an analysis of 65 and 200 MeV protons scattering from 208 Pb . The Argonne av-14 has been used for the first time to calculate nucleon optical potential in BHF and analyze the nucleon scattering data. We also compare our reaction matrix results with those using the old hard-core Hamada–Johnston and the soft-core Urbana uv-14 and Argonne av-18 inter-nucleon potentials. Our results indicate that the microscopic potential obtained using av-14 gives marginally better agreement with the experimental data than the other three Hamiltonians used in the present work.
Solvent-dependent rotational phenomena in μ-nitrido-[2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa(n-pentoxy)phthalocyaninato]diiron complex
Authors: Kudrik Evgeny V. , Afanasiev Pavel , Bouchu Denis , Sorokin Alexander B.
Published: August 2011

The syntheses and spectroscopic properties of new μ-nitrido-[2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa(n-pentoxy)phthalocyaninato]diiron complexes in Fe(IV)Fe(IV) and Fe(+3.5)Fe(+3.5) oxidation states are reported. UV-vis spectra of both dimers demonstrate a strong solvatochromic behavior. UV-vis and 1H NMR data reveal the presence of two different forms for both oxidation states in apolar and polar solvents. Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) spectra of two Fe(IV)Fe(IV) forms also show a significant difference: pre-edge feature in toluene is shifted to higher energy compared to that in tetrahydrofuran. The difference of properties between two forms is explained by solvent-dependent mutual orientation of two phthalocyanine rings. A strong sharp Q-band in UV-vis spectrum at 642 nm and small splitting of aromatic protons (0.18 ppm) in 1H NMR spectrum observed in apolar solvents (toluene, benzene, cyclohexane) imply that the green form is in more symmetric D4d configuration. In turn, a broad multipreaked Q-band and relatively high splitting of aromatic protons (0.56 ppm) observed in THF and CH2Cl2 for the blue form are in agreement with less symmetric D4 conformation. The Fe(μ-N)Fe structure is relatively rigid showing no free rotation at room temperature in NMR time scale. Tuning of the structure of N-bridged diiron macrocyclic complexes by introduction of substituents and modification of electronic properties of the complexes via conformation changes might be useful for optimization of their catalytic properties as well as for their potential application in sensors.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of doubly porphyrin-substituted cyanine dye
Authors: Ogawa Kazuya , Nagatsuka Yasunori , Kobuke Yoshiaki
Published: August 2011

New porphyrin-(cyanine dye) composites, in which two porphyrins are bridged by a cyanine dye through triple bonds, were synthesized. In the UV-vis absorption spectra of the composites, the Soret band and Q-band were red-shifted to 436 and 575–640 nm, respectively. The absorption originating from the cyanine dye portion was also red-shifted from 710 nm to 764 nm, suggesting the expansion of πconjugation over the porphyrin and cyanine dye parts. Fluorescence studies suggested that energy transfer from the porphyrin portion to the cyanine dye moiety occurred. The fluorescence intensity decreased with increasing dielectric constants of solvents, suggesting intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer from the porphyrin to the cyanine dye parts. The effective two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-section values were measured using a nanosecond open aperture Z-scan method. The maximum effective 2PA cross-section and two-photon excited fluorescence cross-section values were 33,000 GM and 4,800 GM, respectively, at 860 nm in toluene/pyridine (95:5).
Silica nanoparticles functionalized with porphyrins and analogs for biomedical studies
Authors: Figueira Flávio , Cavaleiro José A.S. , Tomé João P.C.
Published: August 2011

This review focus on the preparation of silica nanoparticles functionalized with porphyrins and related compounds. It is aimed to highlight their features as photosensitizers in the area of photodynamic therapy. In this field, photosensitizers have been covalently and non-covalently linked to silica nanoparticles, in order to study their photophysical and biological properties. Another fascinating scenario for photosensitizer-silica nanoparticles hybrids involves the possibility of including metal cores for conditioning the uptake in the target cells, allowing most of the times the combination of therapies and in certain conditions to facilitate the removal and reutilization of the photosensitizer in environmental applications.
INFLUENCE OF SLIP VELOCITY ON BLOOD FLOW THROUGH AN ARTERY WITH PERMEABLE WALL: A THEORETICAL STUDY
Authors: SINHA A. , MISRA J. C.
Published: August 2011

A theoretical investigation concerning the influence of slip velocity on the flow of blood through an artery having its wall permeable has been carried out. Here blood is treated as a homogeneous Newtonian fluid. The flow is characterized by three parameters: β the ratio of radius to length of the arterial segment, Re the characteristic Reynolds number associated with the pressure outside the arterial segment and ϵ the filtration coefficient. The problem has been solved by the use of a perturbation technique. ϵ is considered to be very small, ensuring the validity of the perturbation method. The computed numerical results are presented graphically to depict the variations in velocity, volumetric flow rate, wall shear stress and flow resistance.
TRAVELING WAVES IN A REACTION-DIFFUSION PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM WITH NONLOCAL DELAYS
Authors: LI ZHE , XU RUI
Published: August 2011

This paper is concerned with the existence of traveling wave solutions in a reaction-diffusion predator-prey system with nonlocal delays. By introducing a partially exponential quasi-monotonicity condition and a new cross iteration scheme, we reduce the existence of traveling wave solutions to the existence of a pair of upper-lower solutions. By constructing a desirable pair of upper-lower solutions, we establish the existence of traveling wave solutions. Finally, some numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results.
EFFECTS OF DELAY AND SEASONALITY ON TOXIN PRODUCING PHYTOPLANKTON–ZOOPLANKTON SYSTEM
Authors: GAKKHAR SUNITA , SINGH ANURAJ , SINGH BRAHAM PAL
Published: August 2011

A dynamical model for toxin producing phytoplankton and zooplankton has been formulated and analyzed. Due to gestation of prey, a discrete time delay is incorporated in the predator dynamics. The stability of the delay model is discussed and Hopf bifurcation to a periodic orbit is established. Stability and direction of bifurcating periodic orbits are investigated using normal form theory and center manifold arguments. Global existence of periodic orbits is also established. To substantiate analytical findings, numerical simulations are performed. The system shows rich dynamic behavior including chaos and limit cycles. The influence of seasonality in intrinsic growth parameter of the phytoplankton population is also investigated. Seasonality leads to complexity in the system.
Interpreting High Precision Coulometry Results on Li-ion Cells
Authors: Smith A. J. , Burns J. C. , Xiong D. , Dahn J. R.
Published: August 2011

The High Precision Charger at Dalhousie University can be used to accurately measure the Coulombic Efficiency (CE) and the charge and discharge capacity endpoint slippages per cycle (Δd and Δc, respectively) of Li-ion full cells and Li/electrode half cells. If the CE is not exactly 1.0000 and the endpoints slip then this must be due to parasitic reactions between the electrode materials and the electrolyte in the cell. The various parasitic currents and charges associated with: solid electrolyte interface growth; electrolyte oxidation; transition metal dissolution and positive electrode damage are considered using a Li inventory model. The mathematical relations between the parasitic currents and the measured CE, Δd and Δc are derived. Example data collected on both Li/graphite, Li/LiCoO2 half cells as well as both graphite/LiCoO2 and graphite/LiMn2O4 Li-ion cells are used to illustrate how high precision coulometry results can be used to help elucidate cell degradation mechanisms.
Adapting an Evidence-Based Intervention Targeting HIV-Infected Prisoners in Malaysia
Authors: Copenhaver Michael M. , Tunku Noor , Ezeabogu Ifeoma , Potrepka Jessica , Zahari Muhammad Muhsin A. , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Altice Frederick L.
Published: August 2011

HIV-infected prisoners in Malaysia represent a critical target population for secondary HIV risk reduction interventions and care. We report on the process and outcome of our formative research aimed at systematically selecting and adapting an EBI designed to reduce secondary HIV risk and improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among soon-to-be-released HIV-infected prisoners. Our formative work involved a critical examination of established EBIs and associated published reports complemented by data elicited through structured interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders, members of the target population, and their family members. Based on all information, we adapted the Holistic Health Recovery Program targeting people living with HIV (HHRP+), an EBI, to consist of eight 2-hour sessions that cover a range of specified topics so that participants may individually apply intervention content as needed to accommodate their particular substance abuse, HIV risk, and antiretroviral adherence issues. This study provides a complete example of the process of selecting and adapting an EBI—taking into account both empirical evidence and input from target organization stakeholders and target population members and their families—for use in real world prison settings where high-risk populations are concentrated.
Self-Care Recommendations of Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Jenerette Coretta M. , Brewer Cheryl , Leak Ashley N.
Published: August 2011

Self-care management is an important part of living with a chronic illness. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic disease with acute, painful exacerbations that often results in a shortened life expectancy. Some middle-aged and older adults with SCD lived with the disease prior to having a diagnosis and without modern advances. The purpose of this study is to share the self-care recommendations of middle-aged and older adults with SCD. Using descriptive qualitative methods, data were gathered through semistructured interviews from 11 individuals living with SCD, including 6 women and 5 men. Self-care recommendations themes included physiological, psychological, and provider-related. The self-care recommendations may be seen as an additional resource or “words of wisdom” for younger adults with SCD who can use the recommendations to better manage their own disease. Additionally, providers may be able to use these recommendations to inform their practice.
Multiagent Systems Protection
Authors: Muñoz Antonio , Anton Pablo , Maña Antonio
Published: August 2011

Agent-systems can bring important benefits especially in applications scenarios where highly distributed, autonomous, intelligence, self-organizing, and robust systems are required. Furthermore, the high levels of autonomy and self-organizations of agent systems provide excellent support for developments of systems in which dependability is essential. Both Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence scenarios belong in this category. Unfortunately, the lack of appropriate security mechanisms, both their enforcement and usability, is hindering the application of this paradigm in real-world applications. Security issues play an important role in the development of multiagent systems and are considered to be one of the main issues to solve before agent technology is ready to be widely used outside the research community. In this paper, we present a software based solution for the protection of multiagent systems concentrating on the cooperative agents model and the protected computing approach.
Quantum Groupoids Acting on Semiprime Algebras
Authors: Borges Inês , Lomp Christian
Published: August 2011

Following Linchenko and Montgomery′s arguments we show that the smash product of an involutive weak Hopf algebra and a semiprime module algebra, satisfying a polynomial identity, is semiprime.
Nephrotoxicity of HAART
Authors: Kalyesubula Robert , Perazella Mark A.
Published: August 2011

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and other medical therapies for HIV-related infections have been associated with toxicities. Antiretroviral therapy can contribute to renal dysfunction directly by inducing acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis, crystal nephropathy, and renal tubular disorders or indirectly via drug interactions. With the increase in HAART use, clinicians must screen patients for the development of kidney disease especially if the regimen employed increases risk of kidney injury. It is also important that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not denied the best combinations, especially since most drugs can be adjusted based on the estimated GFR. Early detection of risk factors, systematic screening for chronic causes of CKD, and appropriate referrals for kidney disease management should be advocated for improved patient care. The interaction between immunosuppressive therapy and HAART in patients with kidney transplants and the recent endorsement of tenofovir/emtricitabine by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for preexposure prophylaxis bring a new dimension for nephrotoxicity vigilance. This paper summarizes the common antiretroviral drugs associated with nephrotoxicity with particular emphasis on tenofovir and protease inhibitors, their risk factors, and management as well as prevention strategies.
Transdisciplinary Higher Education—A Challenge for Public Health Science
Authors: Krettek Alexandra , Thorpenberg Stefan
Published: August 2011

This paper highlights and discusses issues associated with transdisciplinary teaching and suggests ways to overcome the challenges posed by different epistemologies, methods, and ethical positions. Our own transdisciplinary teaching experience in public health helped us identify some important questions including (i) what is transdisciplinary research in practice, and does methods triangulation yield more valid results?, (ii) from a teaching perspective, how do biopsychosocial and medical research differ?, (iii) what is the difference between deductive and inductive research, and does each discipline represent a different ethical position?, and (iv) does pure inductive research lack theories, and does it require a hypothesis—a “rule of thumb”—on how to proceed? We also suggest ways to facilitate and enhance transdisciplinary teaching, focusing on what unites us and not on what sets us apart, openly underlining and highlighting our differences. Using diverse methodologies, a newly educated transdisciplinary workforce will likely extend current knowledge and facilitate solutions for complex public health issues.
Surface Characteristics and High Cycle Fatigue Performance of Shot Peened Magnesium Alloy ZK60
Authors: Dong Jie , Liu Wencai , Ding Wenjiang , Zou Jianxin
Published: August 2011

The current work investigated the effect of shot peening (SP) on high cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of the hot-extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy. SP can significantly improve the fatigue life of the ZK60 alloy. After SP at the optimum Almen intensities, the fatigue strength at 107 cycles in the as-extruded (referred to as ZK60) and the T5 aging-treated (referred to as ZK60-T5) alloys increased from 140 and 150 MPa to 180 and 195 MPa, respectively. SP led to a subsurface fatigue crack nucleation in both ZK60 and ZK60-T5 alloys. The mechanism by which the compressive residual stress induced by shot peening results in the improvement of fatigue performance for ZK60 and ZK60-T5 alloys was discussed.
Existence of Nonoscillatory Solutions for a Third‐Order Nonlinear Neutral Delay Differential Equation
Authors: Liu Zeqing , Chen Lin , Kang Shin Min , Cho Sun Young
Published: August 2011

The aim of this paper is to study the solvability of a third‐order nonlinear neutral delay differential equation of the form , t ≥ t0. By using the Krasnoselskii′s fixed point theorem and the Schauder′s fixed point theorem, we demonstrate the existence of uncountably many bounded nonoscillatory solutions for the above differential equation. Several nontrivial examples are given to illustrate our results.
Assessment of Anti-Cytogenotoxic Effects of Quercetin in Animals Treated with Topotecan
Authors: Bakheet Saleh A.
Published: August 2011

The present investigation was directed to study the possible chemoprotective activity of orally administered quercetin against topotecan-induced cyto- and genotoxicity towards mouse somatic cellsin vivo. DNA strand breaks, micronuclei formation, and mitotic activity were undertaken in the current study as markers of cyto- and genotoxicity. Oxidative stress markers such as intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, and reduced and oxidized glutathione were assessed in bone marrow as a possible mechanism underlying this amelioration. Quercetin was neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic in mice at doses tested. Pretreatment of mice with quercetin significantly reduced topotecan-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in bone marrow cells, and these effects were dose dependent. Moreover, prior administration of quercetin ahead of topotecan challenge ameliorated oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, quercetin has a protective role in the abatement of topotecan-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in the bone marrow cells of mice that resides, at least in part, on its antioxidant effects. Based on the data presented, strategies can be developed to decrease the topotecan-induced bone marrow suppression and secondary malignancy in cancer patients and medical personnel exposing to topotecan.
Pinning Synchronization of Delayed Neural Networks with Nonlinear Inner‐Coupling
Authors: Wang Yangling , Cao Jinde
Published: August 2011

Without assuming the symmetry and irreducibility of the outer‐coupling weight configuration matrices, we investigate the pinning synchronization of delayed neural networks with nonlinear inner‐coupling. Some delay‐dependent controlled stability criteria in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) are obtained. An example is presented to show the application of the criteria obtained in this paper.
Feasibility of Imaging Myelin Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Zavodszky Maria I. , Graf John F. , Tan Hehir Cristina A.
Published: August 2011

The goal of this study was to provide a feasibility assessment for PET imaging of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions based on their decreased myelin content relative to the surrounding normal-appearing brain tissue. The imaging agent evaluated for this purpose is a molecule that binds strongly and specifically to myelin basic protein. Physiology-based pharmacokinetic modeling combined with PET image simulation applied to a brain model was used to examine whether such an agent would allow the differentiation of artificial lesions 4–10 mm in diameter from the surrounding normal-looking white and gray matter. Furthermore, we examined how changes in agent properties, model parameters, and experimental conditions can influence imageability, identifying a set of conditions under which imaging of MS lesions might be feasible. Based on our results, we concluded that PET imaging has the potential to become a useful complementary method to MRI for MS diagnosis and therapy monitoring.