bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF α-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE 1,2-(ETHYL ORTHOACETATE) TRIACETATE
Authors: Lemieux R. U. , Cipera J. D. T.
Published: May 2006

Crystalline ethyl and propyl 1,2-orthoacetates of α-D-glucopyranose triacetate were prepared. Conclusions are drawn regarding the chemical properties and configurations of these compounds which are based on the conformation of the 1,2-cyclic carboxonium ion believed to be formed when the substances are treated with acetic acid.
THE POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ALUMINUM ON A SEMIMICRO SCALE
Authors: McCallum J. R.
Published: May 2006

The potentiometric method for the determination of aluminum proposed by Treadwell and Bernasconi has been modified for use on a semimicro scale and applied successfully to the analysis of pulp and paper ash. Samples containing as little as one milligram of aluminum have been titrated with an accuracy of 0.003 milligrams or better.
THE CONVERSION OF HYODESOXYCHOLIC ACID TO PROGESTERONE
Authors: Bharucha K. R. , Buckley G. C. , Cross C. K. , Rubin L. J. , Zlegler P.
Published: May 2006

A novel transformation of 3α,6α-dihydroxy steroids to their 3β-hydroxy-Δ5analogues was developed and applied to the preparation of progesterone from hyodesoxycholic acid.
THE RELATIVE REACTIVITIES OF 1,2-trans-SUGAR ACETATES
Authors: Lemieux R. U. , Brice Carol
Published: May 2006

The rates of exchange of the C1-acetoxy group of a variety of 1,2-trans-sugar acetates with acetate from stannic trichloride acetate labelled with carbon-14 were determined in chloroform containing stannic chloride. A correlation was found to exist between reactivity and configuration with the configuration at C3 playing a dominating role. The greater reactivity of the 2,3-trans-sugar compounds is attributed to steric inhibition to the formation of the resonance stabilized intermediate 1,2-cyclic carboxonium ion in the case of the 2,3-cis-compounds.
THE VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF ACETALDEHYDE AND ACETALDEHYDE-d1
Authors: Evans J. C. , Bernstein H. J.
Published: May 2006

The Raman spectra of liquid CH3CHO and CH3CDO were obtained photo-electrically and depolarization ratios measured. Infrared spectra of the vapors and solids were also obtained. A vibrational assignment is given and the spectra correlated. The vibrational spectra of the acetyl halides reported in the literature are also correlated.
HYDROLYSIS AND HYDRAZINOLYSIS OF ESTERS OF N,N-DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMIC ACID: A METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF MERCAPTANS
Authors: Kulka Marshall
Published: May 2006

A method has been developed for the preparation of mercaptans from alkyl and aralkyl chlorides. This consists of the condensation of sodium N,N-dimethyl-dithiocarbamate with halides followed by alkaline hydrolysis or hydrazinolysis of the resulting N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamates (IV). In the hydrazinolysis of IV, an insoluble solid by-product was formed which was identified as 3-hydrazino-4-amino-5-mercapto-4,1,2-triazole. Although this method was found to have wide scope a few failures were encountered. Nitro-derivatives of IV were sensitive to alkali or hydrazine and yielded only tars on attempted degradation. β-Phenoxyethyl N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamates (IX) were found to possess a labile alkyl–oxygen bond so that in the presence of alkali or hydrazine only the corresponding phenols were formed. The labile nature of the alkyl–oxygen bond ceased abruptly when the alkyl chain of IX was increased so that 3-p-chlorophenoxypropyl and 4-p-chlorophenoxybutyl mercaptans could be prepared in high yields.
THE APPLICATION OF INTERPOLATION THEORY TO DATA ON THE ADSORPTION OF NITROGEN, OXYGEN, AND ARGON ON RUTILE
Authors: Honig J. M. , Reyerson L. H.
Published: May 2006

The interpolation theory has been applied to data on the adsorption of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon on rutile at 77 °K. It has been demonstrated that the oxygen and argon data cannot be interpreted on the basis of the Langmuir model, modified by the introduction of surface heterogeneity effects. The interpolation theory verifies, however, that the distribution of adsorption energies among surface sites, obtained by inversion of the nitrogen isotherm, is physically significant, and that nitrogen is suitable for BET surface area calculations.
A NOTE ON THE SYSTEM WOLFRAM-TELLURIUM
Authors: Knop Osvald , Haraldsen Haakon
Published: May 2006

not available
THE CONDENSATION OF FURAN AND SYLVAN WITH SOME CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: Brown W. H. , Sawatzky H.
Published: May 2006

Furan and sylvan condense with aldehydes, chlorinated aldehydes and ketones, and keto acids, in the presence of hydrochloric acid. In most cases, the corresponding difurylalkane or difuryl-substituted acid is formed. In special cases the reaction stops at the furylcarbiriol stage.
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE CANDIDIN
Authors: Vining L. C. , Taber W. A.
Published: May 2006

Candidin, the antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomycesviridoflavus, has been isolated in crystalline form. Analyses and equivalent weight values best fit a molecular formula C46H75NO17. The substance is amphoteric and probably contains one carboxyl and one amino group. Infrared spectral evidence also indicates a polyhydroxylated structure, and the absorption in the visible region shows the presence of a conjugated heptaene chromophore. An additional conjugated diene elsewhere in the molecule is suggested by hydrogenation values and the absorption maximum at 228 mμ.
THE PARTIAL MOLAL VOLUMES OF IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION: I. DEPENDENCE ON CHARGE AND RADIUS
Authors: Couture A. M. , Laidler K. J.
Published: May 2006

The density data for aqueous solutions of electrolytes have been analyzed, and partial molal volumes at infinite dilution have been calculated. The values are shown to be additive, and a set of volumes for individual ions has been prepared, based arbitrarily on a value of zero for the hydrogen ion. It is shown that for a given value of the charge the volumes vary linearly with the cube of the ionic crystal radii, and for a given radius vary with the first power of the charge. In the case of cations the equation obeyed is[Formula: see text]while for anions[Formula: see text]If the volume of the hydrogen ion is taken as −6 ml. instead of zero the same equation is obeyed for both cations and anions, namely[Formula: see text]The empirical equations are discussed in terms of a simple model for ions in solution.
THE MICROPORE FLOW OF H2O AND D2O THROUGH ACTIVATED CARBON RODS
Authors: Huber M. E. , Flood E. A. , Heyding R. D.
Published: May 2006

The flow rates of water adsorbed on activated charcoal have been measured at temperatures between −24 °C. and +35 °C. and compared with the flow rate of adsorbed D2O at 25 °C. In earlier papers a formula was presented which describes the micropore flow rate of adsorbed water as a laminar flow of liquid adsorbate under a high pressure gradient due to surface forces. Our results confirm this picture. From our flow data the relative viscosity of adsorbates can be calculated. Above 0 °C. the viscosity of the adsorbate shows nearly the same temperature dependence as liquid water; below 0 °C. the viscosity increases much more rapidly, but there is no sudden increase which could be ascribed to freezing of an appreciable fraction of the adsorbate at any particular temperature. The greater temperature coefficient of the adsorbate viscosity is consistent with a viscous flow of liquid films over a solid surface which exerts attractive forces on the liquid.
THE CHEMISTRY OF LYCOCTONINE
Authors: Edwards O. E. , Marion Léo , Stewart D. K. R.
Published: May 2006

New observations in the chemistry of hydroxylycoctonine and other derivatives of lycoctonine, and the previously described reactions of the alkaloid, are interpreted using the structure as recently determined by X-ray crystallography.
THE CALCULATION OF THE EXTENT OF ION-PAIR FORMATION IN SOLUTION
Authors: Debus G. H.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF DEUTERATED ESTERS: I. METHYL ACETATE
Authors: Nolin B. , Jones R. Norman
Published: May 2006

By comparison of the infrared absorption spectrum of methyl acetate with the spectra of three deuterium substitution products, it has been possible to assign the bands in the 3100–2800 cm.−1 and 1500–1300 cm.−1 regions of methyl acetate to vibrations localized in the individual methyl groups. Bands characteristic of the individual trideuteromethyl groups are also identified between 2300 and 2000 cm.−1. The C=O stretching frequency is observed to shift to lower frequency with increasing deuteration. The spectra in the range 1300–700 cm.−1 are also reported.
THE SYSTEM LiNO3–C2H5OH-H2O AT 25 °C.
Authors: Campbell A. N. , Kartzmark E. M.
Published: May 2006

Lithium nitrate does not form solid alcoholates at 25 °C. The hydrate consisting of one molecule of nitrate to half a molecule of water, which is claimed to exist by Donnan and Burt, appears not to exist. Not only does this half hydrate not appear on the 25° isotherm but it cannot be detected dilatometrically at any temperature.
DIPHENYLCYANAMIDE DERIVATIVES: III. 2-THIOPSEUDOUREAS
Authors: Beals Ronald E. , Brown William H.
Published: May 2006

Diphenylalkylthiopseudourea hydrohalides and dichlorodiphenylalkylthiopseudourea hydrohalides are formed when the corresponding thiourea is treated with an alkyl halide. The thiourea is prepared by the addition of hydrogen sulphide to the corresponding cyanamide compound. The hydrohalides are unstable in the presence of alkali.
KINETICS OF THE OXIDATION OF URANIUM(IV) BY MOLECULAR OXYGEN IN AQUEOUS PERCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION
Authors: Halpern J. , Smith J. G.
Published: May 2006

The kinetics of the oxidation of uranium(IV) by molecular oxygen in aqueous perchloric acid solution were studied. Over a considerable range of conditions, the results are fitted approximately by the rate law:−d[UIV]/dt = k[UIV] [O2]/[H+], where k ≈ 2 × 1014 exp[−22,000/RT]sec.−1. The reaction is catalyzed by Cu++ and inhibited by small amounts of Ag+ and Cl−. The results are interpreted in terms of a chain reaction mechanism involving UO2+ and HO2 as chain carriers.
BASIC ESTERS OF SUBSTITUTED PYRIMIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: Grant Gordon A. , Seemann Carl Von , Winthrop Stanley O.
Published: May 2006

A number of β-dialkylaminoethyl esters of 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acids have been synthesized and characterized as their hydrochlorides and in some cases as their methobromide and methiodide salts. Mucochloric acid has been condensed with S-methylisothiouronium sulphate to give 2-methylthio-5-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, and the corresponding 5-bromo- acid has been converted to the 5-amino-acid.
LIGHT ABSORPTION STUDIES: PART V. THE RELATION OF MESOMERIC EFFECTS AND ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ABSORPTION SPECTRA
Authors: Forbes W. F. , Ralph Audrey S.
Published: May 2006

A method for the determination of mesomeric effects from ultraviolet light absorption data is critically discussed. For halogen-substituted compounds, the method gives an order of mesomeric effects different from that which is usually accepted for the halogens.
THE SYNTHESIS OF TWO ISOMERIC THYMOLS
Authors: Bannard R. A. B. , Leitch L. C.
Published: May 2006

2-Isopropyl-3-methylphenol has been synthesized and found to be identical with the isopropyl-3-methylphenol of m.p. 69 °C. obtained from the isopropylation of m-cresol. 6-Isopropyl-3-methoxytoluene has been synthesized and found to be identical with the methyl ether of the isopropyl-3-methylphenol of m.p. 112 °C., also obtained from the isopropylation of m-cresol.
A NOTE ON THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE OF SALT SOLUTIONS ADSORBED IN POROUS GLASS
Authors: Huber Max , Flood E. A.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE PURITY OF SMALL SODIUM CHLORIDE PARTICLES PREPARED BY ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATION
Authors: Zeggeren F. Van , Schreiber H. P. , Benson G. C.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE STRUCTURE OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE AS INFERRED FROM THE ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA OF ITS METHYL DERIVATIVES
Authors: Miller D. M. , White Robert W.
Published: May 2006

not available
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF PHASE TRANSITIONS IN ANHYDROUS SODIUM STEARATE
Authors: Grant R. F. , Hedgecock N. , Dunell B. A.
Published: May 2006

not available
RADIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF GRAPHITE FERRIC CHLORIDE
Authors: Lazo R. M. , Hooley J. G.
Published: May 2006

Graphite ferric chloride, C12FeCl3, was prepared by heating anhydrous ferric chloride with graphite at 305 °C. The purified compound containing 53% ferric chloride was not attacked by hot 6 N hydrochloric acid and gave an X-ray diffraction pattern which was distinctly different from that of either graphite or ferric chloride. The separation of the graphite layer-planes was increased from 3.36 to 9.4 Å by the intercalation of the ferric chloride molecules.Tests for exchange between C12FeCl3 and Fe+++ ion were made using radioactive Fe59. In no instance was any measurable exchange observed. The compound was subjected to neutron irradiation and the Szilard–Chalmers yield of separable activity calculated and identified. The separated portion contained less than 1% of the total activity and consisted of Fe59, P32, and S35.The lack of exchange and the low Szilard–Chalmers yield are attributed to the formidable steric hindrance effects which result from the "stacked layer" structure for graphite ferric chloride.
INFRARED STUDIES OF SULPHUR-CONTAINING ORGANIC DERIVATIVES OF PHOSPHORUS PYROACIDS
Authors: McIvor R. A. , Grant G. A. , Hubley C. E.
Published: May 2006

The assignments of several infrared bands of aliphatic phosphorus compounds have been reviewed and extended on the basis of new or improved data. These bands include POP, P → S, PSH, PSR, PH, and PCl. Several new assignments are proposed, mainly in the 12–24 μ region. Two examples are given of the application of these assignments to the determination of the structure of the thiopyrophosphates. It is shown that all procedures used for preparing monothiopyrophosphates yield exclusively the thiono isomer.
THE BIOGENESIS OF ALKALOIDS: XVI. HORDENINE METABOLISM IN BARLEY
Authors: Frank Arlen W. , Marion Léo
Published: May 2006

Hordenine-α-C14fed to sprouting barley was metabolized in the roots. Exhaustive fractionation of extracts from the dried roots yielded several substances of which only the hordenine, N-methyltyramine, and lignin were radioactive. Phenylalanine and tyrosine were inert. The results show that the methylation of tyramine to hordenine is at least partly reversible, but that the hordenine does not revert to tyrosine or phenylalanine. They also indicate that hordenine or N-methyltyramine become incorporated into the lignin.
THE BIOGENESIS OF ALKALOIDS: XVII. FURTHER STUDY OF THE ROLE OF ORNITHINE IN THE BIOGENESIS OF STACHYDRINE
Authors: Morgan Arthur , Marion Léo
Published: May 2006

Earlier attempts to feed ornithine-2-C14to Medicago sativa L. Grimm had failed to produce any labelled stachydrine. Repetition of the work has confirmed this result, and a study of the amino acids present in the plant has shown that the proline also was inactive. Feeding pyridoxine with ornithine-2-C14to the plant did not produce active stachydrine, but gave rise to radioactive proline. Of the other amino acids present, glycine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid were also active. A similar feeding experiment with radioactive ornithine and pyridoxine, using older plants, also failed to produce active stachydrine although, as before, the proline was active and so was the keto acids fraction.The results seem to indicate that ornithine may be the precursor of stachydrine, but that the transformation to proline and the methylation to the alkaloid occur at a later stage of growth, possibly at seed formation.
THE HALF-LIFE OF Ni63
Authors: McMullen C. C. , Pate B. D. , Tomlinson R. H. , Yaffe L.
Published: May 2006

The half-life of Ni63 has been found by a specific activity determination to be 125 ± 6 years. The number of atoms of Ni63 was determined mass spectrometrically and the disintegration rate by 4πβ-counting. The cross section for the reaction Ni62(n, γ)Ni63 has been found to be 21 ± 2 barns, in good agreement with that found by Pomerance.
EXTRACTION OF A LIGNIN FRACTION FROM MAPLE WOOD BY LIQUID AMMONIA
Authors: Yan M. M. , Purves C. B.
Published: May 2006

Solvent-extracted maple wood meal when re-extracted with nearly anhydrous liquid ammonia at room temperature (about 150 p.s.i.) lost most of its acetyl groups as 4% of acetamide, 0.9% of a polyuronide, and about 1% of lignin. When fractionated, the latter yielded half its weight as subfractions that were nearly uniform in composition and whose cryoscopic molecular weights in dioxane were all near 1000. If the sample was indeed homogeneous, the corresponding molecular formula, C42H33O10(OH)5(OCH3)7, suggested that this fraction was chemically less condensed than the bulk of the lignin in the wood. The behavior of the fraction toward methanolysis, toward oxidation with periodate, and in a sulphite cook is described.
THE OH STRETCHING FREQUENCIES OF SOME NEW ALCOHOLS
Authors: Anet F. A. L. , Bavin P. M. G.
Published: May 2006

The OH stretching frequencies of some new alcohols have been measured in dilute carbon disulphide solution. The frequency shifts from the values observed for simple alcohols are interpreted in terms of hydrogen bonding, steric hindrance, and interaction of the OH group with π-electron systems.
THE CONFIGURATION OF GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGES IN OLIGOSACCHARIDES: I. APPLICATION OF JACKSON AND HUDSON'S OXIDATION METHOD TO REDUCING DISACCHARIDES
Authors: Charlson A. J. , Perlin A. S.
Published: May 2006

Use of glycol-cleavage oxidations to assist in establishing the configuration of biose linkages is considered. The approach is based on degradation of disaccharides to yield compounds of simpler structure, all disaccharides of a given class yielding the same product. Thus, 1,6-D-aldohexopyranose disaccharides on oxidation yield one of two possible trialdehydes, the reducing end-unit being converted to glycolic aldehyde and the non-reducing end-unit to a dialdehyde of a type produced from simpler glycosides. These two compounds differ only in the configuration of the carbon atom which originally constituted the glycosidic center, α-linked disaccharides giving rise to one compound, and β-linked to the other. The relative contribution of the glycosidic center to the optical activity of these oxidation products is thereby enhanced and, accordingly, is expected to promote a large rotational difference between α- and β-compounds. Correlation of a 1,6-disaccharide of unknown configuration with known ones by comparison of specific rotational values should then be possible. Disaccharides having other linkage positions, e.g., 1,2- or 1,4-, are likewise degraded to compounds having fewer asymmetric carbon atoms, which are common to all disaccharides of the same class. The results obtained with disaccharides of established structure are in accordance with the theoretical considerations presented. Experimentally, the procedures are simple and require only small quantities of material.
BIOGENESIS OF ALKALOIDS: XVIII. THE FORMATION OF HORDENINE FROM PHENYLALANINE IN BARLEY
Authors: Massicot Jacques , Marion Léo
Published: May 2006

When phenylalanine-2-C14was fed to sprouting barley the hordenine isolated from the plant was radioactive. The activity in the hordenine was shown by degradation of the alkaloid to be located on the carbon of the side chain β to the aromatic ring. A fraction of the fatty acids present in the roots was more strongly radioactive than the hordenine and must have arisen by the breakdown of the amino acid. The gramine isolated from the shoots was inert. Phenylalanine does not take part in the synthesis of gramine, but it is a precursor of hordenine and, hence, must be converted to tyrosine in barley. This conclusion is supported by the simultaneous synthesis of a radioactive aliphatic acid.
STRESSES AND STRAINS IN ADSORBENT–ADSORBATE SYSTEMS. II
Authors: Flood E. A.
Published: May 2006

It has been shown previously that when adsorbates act as single component complexes, i.e. behave as single substances in complex force fields, volumetric mean adsorbate and mean adsorbent stress intensities can be calculated from adsorption isotherm data. When potentials of surface regions in the micropore system of a porous adsorbent are statistically independent of pore structure, linear mean stress intensities of the solid are related to volumetric means through an equation containing a structure factor which is independent of the nature and pressure of the adsorbed gas.In this paper we present adsorption extension data for an active carbon rod when exposed to helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, krypton, and water at pressures up to 1600 p.s.i. The data suggest that the potentials of the capillary regions are not independent of structure. An empirical correlation factor is introduced and the resulting semiempirical equation describes the data probably within the experimental error.The results suggest that in cases of moderately strong adsorption, adsorption potentials of thick-walled capillary regions are higher than those of thin-walled regions.
THE ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA: I. SYSTEMS OF TWO AND THREE NUCLEI
Authors: Bernstein H. J. , Pople J. A. , Schneider W. G.
Published: May 2006

This paper is concerned with the general problem of the interpretation and analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of systems in which chemical shift and spin-coupling constants are of the same order of magnitude. Only nuclei of spin 1/2 are considered. Detailed methods are developed for:(a) Two chemically non-equivalent nuclei of the same species (written AB),(b) Three nuclei of the same species, two of which are equivalent (written AB2),(c) Three nuclei (ABX), two of which are of the same species (AB) and the third (X) is either a different species or has a resonance signal well separated from A and B.Proton resonance spectra of S-guaiazulene, 2,6-lutidine, and 2,3-lutidine are reported and used as examples of the methods of analysis.
STUDIES OF HYDROXYL SUBSTITUTED GUAIACYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: Kvasnicka E. A. , McLaughlin R. R.
Published: May 2006

A new identification reaction for the distinction between α- and β- or γ-substituted guaiacyl derivatives is described. Relations between structure and distribution coefficients are given and a deviation from Reichl's rule noted. The synthesis of 1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol is described.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE GAS-PHASE OXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE BY MEANS OF A RAPID-SCANNING MASS SPECTROMETER
Authors: Blanchard L. P. , Farmer J. B. , Ouellet C.
Published: May 2006

A mass spectrometer equipped for continuous sampling and capable of producing 60 spectra per second has been used to follow the oxidation of acetaldehyde at temperatures in the region of 250 °C. In normal slow oxidation peracetic acid was formed and then decomposed into carbon dioxide, methanol, and water. Under flame conditions peracetic acid built up in an autocatalytic manner during the induction period and vanished suddenly at the onset of the flame. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed. Temperature surges during cool and hot flames are estimated.
A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONFORMATIONS OF CYCLOHEXANE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Kelly R. B.
Published: May 2006

A relationship between the conformations of isomeric cyclohexane derivatives and their physical properties is discussed. The relationship is applied to a variety of polysubstituted monocyclic and polycyclic compounds, to cyclohexenes, and to pyranosides.
TRIARYLMETHANE COMPOUNDS AS REDOX INDICATORS IN THE SCHOENEMANN REACTION: II. SYNTHESES OF THE TRIARYLMETHANES
Authors: Smith D. Morison , Blanchfield R. , Thompson J. L. , Grant G. A.
Published: May 2006

The syntheses and properties of a series of 4,4′-thenylidene bis[N,N-dimethylaniline] compounds, variously substituted in the thiophene ring, are reported. These compounds were tested as redox indicators in the Schoenemann reaction for the detection of phosphonofluoridate esters in solution. The most effective indicator was 4,4′(5-methyl-4-propyl-2-thenylidene)bis[N,N-dimethylaniline]
SEARCH FOR SUCCESSIVE NEUTRON CAPTURE REACTIONS ON Mg26, Si30, AND Cr54
Authors: Roy L. P. , Yaffe L.
Published: May 2006

Stable nuclides exposed to intense neutron fluxes may produce second order reactions by successive capture of two neutrons. This method has been applied in the present work in an attempt to determine the pile neutron capture cross section of three unstable nuclides, namely: Mg27, Si31, and Cr55. A maximum value of 0.04 barn has been obtained for the cross section of Mg27. Assuming that Si32 and Cr56 are long-lived, minimal ratios of 600 and 270 years/barn respectively were obtained for [Formula: see text]
THE INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTRA OF DISULPHUR DECAFLUORIDE (S2F10)
Authors: Wilmshurst J. K. , Bernstein H. J.
Published: May 2006

The infrared spectrum of S2F10 has been obtained for the vapor from 5 to 35 μ and for the solid at liquid nitrogen temperatures from 10 to 24 μ. The Raman spectrum, together with depolarization ratios, was obtained for the liquid. A vibrational assignment has been made consistent with either D4d or D4h, symmetry and all the fundamentals identified except two low FSSF bending frequencies and the inactive torsional frequency. A normal co-ordinate calculation located the bending frequencies at 37 and 57 cm.−1 while a simple potential energy calculation gave a torsional frequency of 89 cm.−1 corresponding to a potential barrier of 2780 cm.−1.
THE ENTROPIES OF IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION: II. AN EMPIRICAL EQUATION FOR OXY-ANIONS
Authors: Couture A. M. , Laidler K. J.
Published: May 2006

The entropies of oxy-anions in aqueous solution are shown to obey the empirical relationship[Formula: see text]with a mean deviation of 3.6 e.u. In this equation [Formula: see text] is the entropy relative to a value of −5.5 e.u. for the proton, M is the molecular weight, z the number of charges on the ion, n the number of charge-bearing ligands, r is equal to r12 + 1.40, where r12 is the interatomic distance between the central atom and the surrounding oxygens, and 1.40 is the van der Waals radius of oxygen. The significance of the empirical equation is discussed.
KINETICS OF THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE VAPOR
Authors: Giguère Paul A. , Liu I. D.
Published: May 2006

The rates of thermal decomposition of hydrogen peroxide vapor were measured by the static method at low pressures (0.2 to 20 mm. Hg), over the temperature range 300°–600 °C., in carefully cleaned glass vessels. The reaction was of the first order with respect to time and the final products were only water and oxygen. Around 400 °C. the character of the reaction changed gradually from heterogeneous (surface effects, low activation energy) to homogeneous (reproducible rates in various vessels). With initial pressures of about 10 mm. Hg the experimental rates above 400° lead to an apparent activation energy of 43 kcal. and a frequency factor of 1010.7. After correction for the residual surface decomposition, the rate equation becomes[Formula: see text]in good agreement with the accepted value for the O—O bond dissociation energy. The reaction rates increased regularly with pressure.Packing the reaction vessels with glass rods and adding various gases (including nitric oxide and propylene) had no appreciable effect on the gas-phase reaction. Deuterium peroxide vapor decomposed at the same rate as hydrogen peroxide under comparable conditions. The results may be explained adequately by the following non-chain mechanism for the uncatalyzed decomposition:[Formula: see text]
THE OLEFINIC BOND IN GELSEMINE
Authors: Marion Léo , Sargeant K.
Published: May 2006

The readily reducible double bond of gelsemine has been shown to be present in a vinyl side chain and not in an exocyclic methylene group as had been previously assumed. Oxidation of the olefinic double bond in N(a)-methylgelsemine with sodium metaperiodate in the presence of a catalytic amount of osmium tetroxide gave an aldehyde having one carbon less than the starting material. That the product was an aldehyde and not a ketone was proved (a) by conversion to an oxime which was readily dehydrated to a nitrile, and (b) by Wolff-Kishner reduction to a compound containing a C—CH3 group not present in the aldehyde itself.
VEGETABLE IVORY AS A SOURCE OF A MANNAN POLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: Timell T. E.
Published: May 2006

Native vegetable ivory has been found to contain in addition to the mannose also glucose residues together with minor amounts of galactose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose units. No pectin could be detected. The native material was very non-uniform and was composed of two major portions (mannans A and B) which differed considerably in their average molecular weight and polymolecularity. Alkaline extraction of the untreated product followed by purification via the copper complex offers the best means for obtaining a pure mannan polysaccharide.
INTERNAL ROTATION: IX. THE INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTRA OF LIQUID NORMAL ALKYL BROMIDES
Authors: Yoshino T. , Bernstein H. J.
Published: May 2006

The ratio of the Raman intensity of the trans to gauche bands and also the optical density ratio, for n-alkyl bromides, has been examined in liquid, dilute solution, and vapor (for n-propyl bromide) and the temperature dependence of the Raman intensity ratio obtained over the range −80° to +80 °C. for the liquids. Both Raman and infrared ratios become constant for the higher members of the series but are measurably different for n-butyl and n-propyl bromide. The results are consistent with a very small difference in energy between gauche and trans forms in liquid, solution, or vapor, and can be interpreted semiquantitatively by assuming appropriate trans–gauche energy differences in the carbon chain.
ORGANIC DEUTERIUM COMPOUNDS: XVI. SYNTHESIS OF α-DEUTERATED ALKYL NITRILES
Authors: Leitch L. C.
Published: May 2006

A method of preparing α-deuterated alkyl nitriles by a base-catalyzed exchange with deuterium oxide is described. The products are convenient starting materials for the preparation of α-deuterated acids and alkyl bromides.
THE CONFIGURATION OF GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGES IN OLIGOSACCHARIDES: IV. FURTHER DEGRADATIONS OF REDUCING DISACCHARIDES TO 2-O-GLYCOSYL-GLYCEROLS
Authors: Charlson A. J. , Gorin P. A. J. , Perlin A. S.
Published: May 2006

The configuration of glycosidic linkages in a number of reducing disaccharides has been determined by converting each compound to the corresponding 2-O-glycosyl-glycerol, the configuration of which was readily established. Compounds examined include 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose, 3-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-L-arabinose, 3-O-β-D-arabopyranosyl-L-arabinose, 2-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-L-arabinose, 3-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-L-arabinose, and 4-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-D-xylose, all of which were derived by partial hydrolysis of polysaccharides. 2-O-α-L-Arabopyranosyl-glycerol has been synthesized via the Koenigs-Knorr condensation.
SOME OXIDATION REACTIONS OF DELCOSINE
Authors: Anet Ragini , Clayton D. W. , Marion Léo
Published: May 2006

The alkaloid delcosine was oxidized by chromic acid in acetic acid, and also by the Oppenauer reaction, to dehydrodelcosine in which the carbonyl was shown by infrared absorption to be in a pentatomic ring. Oxidation of the alkaloid with silver oxide gave two products: (a) N-desethyldelcosine, which could be N-acetylated or converted back to the original base by ethylation, thus proving the presence of an N-ethyl group; (b) a compound, C24H37O7N, the properties of which agreed best with those of an internal ether, i.e., anhydrohydroxydelcosine. The action of N-bromosuccinimide on the alkaloid produced the same two compounds as silver oxide, plus a derivative, C22H33O7N, that proved to be N-desethyl-anhydrohydroxydelcosine. Potassium permanganate oxidized delcosine to a product, C22H31O7N, that had lost the N-ethyl group, contained the internal ether, and also a carbonyl in a five-membered ring. This same product was obtained on similar oxidation of N-desethyl-anhydrohydroxydelcosine. Oxidation of delcosine with mercuric acetate gave N-desethyldelcosine and N-desethyl-anhydrohydroxydelcosine, together with a compound that was very soluble in water and proved to be the carbinolamine formed by hydroxylation of the methylene in the N-ethyl group. These results are discussed in terms of a structure that is tentatively advanced for delcosine.
THE STRUCTURE OF ANNOTININE
Authors: Martin-Smith M. , Greenhalgh R. , Marion Léo
Published: May 2006

Annotinine is hydrolyzed by aqueous barium hydroxide to annotininic acid, C16H23O4N, which with diazomethane forms methyl annotininate. Treatment of this ester (or of annotinine) with potassium methoxide in methanol produces epimerization and gives rise to methyl epiannotininate, also produced by methanolysis of annotinine. Whereas under the action of barium hydroxide methyl annotininate regenerates annotininic acid, methyl epiannotininate is converted to annotinine hydrate. Hydrolysis of annotinine with dilute sulphuric acid gives rise to annotinine diol, which is oxidizable to an amino acid, whereas the isomeric annotinine hydrate on oxidation gives rise to a hydroxyketo lactone. This corroborates the evidence already in the literature indicating that the γ-lactone ring in annotinine hydrate is not the same as that originally present in the alkaloid. The relevant chemical reactions of annotinine are reviewed in the light of a tentative structure suggested for annotinine.
AN AMPEROMETRIC TITRATION OF TITANIUM
Authors: Graham R. P. , Vandalen E.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE RATE CONSTANT OF THE REACTION BETWEEN FERROUS IONS AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN ACID SOLUTION
Authors: Hardwick T. J.
Published: May 2006

Identical values of the bimolecular rate constant of the ferrous ion – hydrogen peroxide reaction were obtained from intercomparisons of the methods previously used in following this reaction. In perchloric acid the bimolecular rate constant is unaffected by acid concentration; in sulphuric acid it increases slightly in acid concentrations above 10−2N. The results agree with and explain the differences between those obtained by Baxendale and by Dainton, but are only in marginal agreement with those recently reported by Weiss.
THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF METHANOL AND METHANOL-d
Authors: Davidson D. W.
Published: May 2006

The dielectric properties of methanol and methanol-d were examined between liquid nitrogen and room temperature at frequencies between 40 and 106 cycles per second. In addition to the large increase in the dielectric constant within solid CH3OH at 159.6°K., there is evidence of a further, gradual transition at about 155°K. Similar changes in CH3OD occur at 163.2° and about 157°K. Dispersion processes within the solid are discussed in terms of misaligned crystallites and polarization at the interfaces between crystallites and between regions of solid and liquid. Conductance maxima near 130°K. are tentatively related to the methanol–water eutectic. Static dielectric constants of liquid CH3OD are a little lower than those of CH3OH, while relaxation times over a limited temperature range above the freezing point are some 35% higher; the activation energies for dielectric relaxation of the two molecules in the liquid state are approximately the same (3.5 kcal./mole).
ON FLAME PROPAGATION IN EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES OF GASES: IV. ON THE DECOMPOSITION FLAME OF OZONE IN MIXTURES RICH IN OZONE
Authors: Sandri Robert
Published: May 2006

The theory of flame propagation in ozone–oxygen mixtures developed in earlier papers of the author is applied to mixtures containing 50%–100% ozone. The formulae are modified to allow for comparatively high concentration of atomic oxygen. The results are found to be in very good agreement with experimental values which have recently become available.
THE INFRARED CARBONYL STRETCHING BANDS OF RING SUBSTITUTED ACETOPHENONES
Authors: Jones R. Norman , Forbes W. F. , Mueller W. A.
Published: May 2006

An examination has been made of the carbonyl stretching bands in the infrared spectra of acetophenone derivatives substituted in the aromatic nucleus. The positions, integrated absorption intensities, and widths of the bands have been measured in carbon tetrachloride solution. The variation of these quantities is discussed in relation to the nature and position of the substituent group.
SOME ARALKYL AND ARYL ALKYL SULPHIDES AND DISULPHIDES
Authors: Kulka Marshall , Stryk F. G. Van
Published: May 2006

Sixty sulphides and disulphides have been prepared from mercaptans and alkyl and alkylene halides for testing as insecticides.
ION-EXCHANGE METHODS FOR THE QUANTITATIVE SEPARATION OF THE ALKALINE EARTHS, AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE DETERMINATION OF Sr90 IN MILK ASH
Authors: Milton Gwen M. , Grummitt W. E.
Published: May 2006

A study has been made of the effects of column loading and eluting agent on the cation-exchange separation of the alkaline earths—beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. The principal eluting agents tested were ammonium lactate, ammonium citrate, and hydrochloric acid. Dowex-50 resin (Ion X, 300–400 mesh) was used throughout the investigation, and the column temperature was maintained at approximately 80 °C. Under optimum conditions, involving the use of 0.25 g. of resin per milliequivalent of sample and with ammonium lactate eluant (0.55 M at pH 5 for beryllium, and 1.5 M at pH 7 for magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium), a quantitative separation of all six elements in a single sample is possible in 5 hours. This procedure has been applied to the routine analysis of Sr90 in bulk milk ash samples, containing 20 mg. of strontium carrier, with yields of 85–95%. By the same method trace amounts of strontium naturally occurring in milk have also been determined.
IODINE COMPLEXES IN INERT SOLVENTS. VII. THERMODYNAMIC CONSTANTS AND SPECTROSCOPIC DATA FOR THE REACTION IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Authors: Maine P. A. D. De
Published: May 2006

not available
THE DECOMPOSITION OF 1-BUTENE AND 1-BUTENE-4-d3 INDUCED BY METHYL RADICALS
Authors: Kebarle Paul , Bryce W. A.
Published: May 2006

not available
MERCURY PHOTOSENSITIZED DECOMPOSITION OF BUTYLENE OXIDE
Authors: Cvetanović R. J. , Doyle L. C.
Published: May 2006

Mercury photosensitized decomposition of trans-2,3-epoxybutane has been studied at 25°. The quenching efficiency of this compound is 1.23 relative to the quenching efficiency of N2O taken as unity; the quenching cross section is, therefore, 19 Å2 (taking 3.6 Å2 for the quenching cross section of n-butane). The main products formed are isobutanal, C2H6, CO, C2H4, C3H8, CH3CHO, C2H5CHO, CH3COC2H5, CH4, and H2. The yields of most of the products decrease with increasing pressure while those of C2H6, CH4, and H2 remain essentially pressure independent. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed.
REACTIONS OF SULPHONIC ESTERS: VI. THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE RATE FOR THE HYDROLYSIS OF A SERIES OF ALKYL BENZENESULPHONATES
Authors: Robertson R. E.
Published: May 2006

Data are presented showing temperature dependence of the rate of hydrolysis of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and n-propyl benzenesulphonates in water. The heat of activation is shown to be temperature dependent to the extent of −30 to −40 cal./mole deg. Since, in solvolysis, the properties of water favor ionization over nucleophilic displacement, it is suggested that these temperature coefficients, ΔCp‡, and the accompanying entropy differences, ΔS‡, can be rationalized in terms of variations in the reorganization of the solvent about the transition state.
PREPARATION OF ERUCIC AND NERVONIC ACIDS LABELLED WITH CARBON-14
Authors: Carroll K. K.
Published: May 2006

The malonic ester synthesis of nervonic acid (tetracos-15-enoic acid) has been modified so that the product consists of pure cis rather than a mixture of cis and trans isomers. The modified synthesis has been used for the preparation of C14-labelled erucic and nervonic acids.
EFFECT OF CHANGES IN HYDRATION ON RECOIL FRAGMENTS IN NEUTRON-IRRADIATED PERMANGANATES
Authors: Bolton J. R. , Mccallum K. J.
Published: May 2006

Anhydrous and hydrated crystals of sodium and lithium permanganates have been irradiated with neutrons. After irradiation, the crystals were subjected to hydration and dehydration, and the effect of this treatment on the retention of radioactive manganese in the form of the permanganate ion was determined. Hydration of irradiated anhydrous sodium and lithium permanganates decreases the retention observed when the solids are dissolved in basic solutions. Dehydration of the irradiated trihydrate causes little change in the observed retention for sodium permanganate, but a pronounced decrease for lithium permanganate. The significance of the results is discussed.
CHEMISTRY OF 2,3,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-1-IMIDAZ(1,2-a)IMIDAZOLE
Authors: Mckay A. F. , Kreling M.-E. , Paris G. Y. , Braun R. O. , Whittingham D. J.
Published: May 2006

A new synthesis of 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1-imidaz(1,2-a)imidazole is described. This bicyclic compound is hydrolyzed to l-(β-aminoethyl)-2-imidazolidone. The preparation of l-(β-hydroxyelhyl)- and 1-vinyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1-imidaz(1,2-a)imidazole also is described.
THE PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM TRICHLORIDE BY ARC-INDUCED HYDROGEN REDUCTION OF TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE
Authors: Ingraham T. R. , Downes K. W. , Marier P.
Published: May 2006

Finely powdered titanium trichloride of high purity was prepared by an arc-induced reaction of titanium tetrachloride with hydrogen. The hydrogen chloride by-product was passed over heated titanium, and the regenerated hydrogen and titanium tetrachloride were recirculated to the arc. The method in effect utilizes the reducing power of the titanium metal to produce titanium trichloride from titanium tetrachloride.
DÉTERMINATION DU DEGRÉ DE SOLVATATION DU MONO-n-BUTOXYTRICHLOROTITANE DANS LE BUTANOL
Authors: Archambault Jacques , Rivest Roland
Published: May 2006

not available
NOTES ON THE PREPARATION AND USE OF 14C-LABELLED VITAMIN K1 AND VITAMIN K3
Authors: Woods R. J. , Taylor J. D.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE DIVERGENT BEHAVIOR OF THE HYDROXIDES OF LITHIUM, SODIUM, AND OF POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, AND CESIUM IN THE XANTHATION OF CELLULOSE AND STARCH
Authors: Adamek E. G. , Purves C. B.
Published: May 2006

When a suspension of cellulose, or a solution of starch, in 17.8% aqueous sodium hydroxide was shaken with a large excess of carbon disulphide, a sodium xanthate of degree of substitution (D.S.) about 0.4 was obtained. The replacement of the sodium hydroxide by 17.8% potassium hydroxide resulted in a product of D.S. about 1.3. Plots were made of the D.S. of cellulose xanthate resulting from the use of various concentrations of the hydroxides of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium; the plots for the last three hydroxides were similar, and differed sharply in form from those of the first two.Potassium cellulose or starch xanthate of D.S. about unity was freely soluble in water as well as in aqueous alkalies and the solutions "ripened". When immersed in methyl iodide, the dry salts yielded the corresponding S-methyl xanthates without change in the D.S. These S-methyl xanthates were white substances insoluble in water but dissolved or dispersed by carbon disulphide. They could be acetylated with sulphuric acid as catalyst and without change in the S-methyl xanthate D.S. The acetylated cellulose derivative was freely dispersed by chloroform or trichloroethylene.
THE ACTIVATION ENERGIES OF PHOTOCONDUCTION FOR SOME AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Authors: Kommandeur J. , Korinek G. J. , Schneider W. G.
Published: May 2006

The variation of the photocurrent with temperature is found to obey the relation i = i0e−E/RT in naphthalene, stilbene, diphenyl, terphenyl, β-methylanthracene, anthracene, azulene, and pyrene. The activation energies have been measured and are found to increase in the above order. These activation energies show no apparent correlation with the corresponding activation energy of semiconduction, and it is suggested they are associated with the charge carrier transport process.
THE ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF THE FERRIC ION AND ITS FIRST HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: Turner R. C. , Miles Kathleen E.
Published: May 2006

The absorption spectra of the ferric ion and its first hydrolysis product in an aqueous solution of perchloric acid was determined. The Fe3+ ion has two absorption bands, one with a maximum at 240 mμ and another which extends into the region below 200 mμ. The FeOH2+ ion also has two absorption bands, the maxima of which occur at 300 mμ and 205 mμ. A figure shows the magnitude of the absorption of each of these ions from 200 to 350 mμ.
CONSTITUTION OF AN ARABOGALACTAN FROM JACK PINE (PINUS BANKSIANA LAMB)
Authors: Bishop C. T.
Published: May 2006

A water soluble arabogalactan isolated from jack pine was shown to have a molar ratio of arabinose to galactose of 1:13, and a number average degree of polymerization of 53 ± 3. Fractionation data and electrophoresis indicated that the arabogalactan was homogeneous. Hydrolysis of the methyl ether of the polysaccharide yielded 2,3,5-tri-O-methyl-L-arabinose (4 moles); 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (12–13 moles); 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-galactose (19 moles); 2,6-di-O-methyl-D-galactose (1 mole); and 2,4-di-O-methyl-D-galactose (14 moles). Some features of the structure of the arabogalactan are discussed on the basis of these results.
KINETICS OF THE OXIDATION OF MERCURY(I) BY THALLIUM (III) IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: Armstrong A. M. , Halpern J.
Published: May 2006

The kinetics of the oxidation of mercury(I) by thallium(III) in aqueous perchloric acid solution, i.e. Hg(I)2 + Tl(III) → 2Hg(II) + Tl(I), have been examined. The rate law was found to be of the form −d[Hg(I)2]/dt = kexp[Hg(I)2][Tl(III)]/[Hg(II)] where kexp is inversely dependent on the concentrations of H+ and of ClO4−. The rate-determining step of the reaction appears to be a 'two-electron transfer' between a mercury atom, formed by the dismutation of Hg2++, and a hydrolyzed thallium ion, i.e. Hg + TlOH++ → Hg++ + Tl+ + OH−. The rate constant, k, of this reaction is given by k = 1016±2 exp[−14000 ± 3000/RT] liters mole−1 sec.−1.H+ retards the reaction by opposing the hydrolysis of Tl+++, while the effect of ClO4− appears to be due to its complexing with Hg2++, Cl− and Br− catalyze the reaction probably by complexing with Hg++, thus displacing the Hg2++dismutation equilibrium, [Formula: see text], to the right and increasing the concentration of Hg atoms. The kinetics and mechanism of the Tl(I)–Tl(III) isotopic electron exchange reaction and of other electron transfer processes in solution are considered in the light of these observations.
N-ACYLATED AMINO ACID IMINO CHLORIDES AND A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF RING CLOSURE AMONG N-ACYLAMINO ACID CHLORIDES
Authors: Ronwin Edward
Published: May 2006

Products have been isolated from the treatment of N-acylaminoacetonitriles with dry hydrogen chloride which are either the open-chain imino acid chlorides or the dissociated salt forms. These compound types have often been postulated as reaction intermediates but never isolated with an unsubstituted nitrogen atom. In the unsubstituted condition they are analogous to regular or oxygen acid chlorides.Several N-acylamino acids were treated with PCl5 and the reaction solutions were subjected to infrared spectral analyses. The results indicate that the open-chain acid chloride, rather than the azlactone salt, is the predominant product obtained with the compounds used in this investigation.
LIGHT ABSORPTION STUDIES: PART VIII. THE SECONDARY BAND OF ACETOPHENONES AND BENZOIC ACIDS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA
Authors: Forbes W. F. , Mueller W. A. , Ralph Audrey S. , Templeton J. F.
Published: May 2006

The absorption spectra of some acetophenones and benzoic acids have been measured in different solvents in the region 220–400 mμ. The two major bands are compared and it is found that steric interactions which considerably alter the high-intensity band have less and somewhat different effects on the secondary band. Solvent effects and the changes observed on substitution indicate that the weaker band (C-band) is essentially of similar character to the high intensity primary band (B-band). A unifying hypothesis to account for the observed changes is presented.