bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced CO poisoning resistance and hydrogen storage in Palladium/Metal-organic framework composites
Authors: Li Hu , Wang Degao , Yang Feilong , Song Yaqi , Fang Manquan , Xiang Xin , Xiong Renjin , Zhang Guikai , Wang Xiaolong , Tang Tao
Published: February 2025

The significant role of palladium (Pd) toward hydrogen isotope storage, separation and purification has been intensifying the optimization protocols toward such noble metal to achieve better performance. One of the...
Tri(oxyethylene)-functionalised perylene diimide: a promising interlayer material for enhanced organic photovoltaic performance
Authors: Subbiah Jegadesan , Gupta Akhil , Jones David J. , Li Jingliang
Published: February 2025

A new tri(oxyethylene)-functionalised perylene diimide-based electron transport layer material has been synthesised and used in organic photovoltaic devices for efficient charge extraction.
Green-emitting AIEgen for instantaneous fluorescence switch-off detection of uranyl ions in environmental water samples
Authors: Bhardwaj Kanishk , Jangir Ritambhara , Ghosh Arup Kumar , Jali Bigyan R , SK Ashok Kumar , Sahoo Suban K.
Published: February 2025

An AIE active Schiff base UFS was introduced for quick and accurate detection of UO22+ ions. AIEgen UFS was successfully applied to quantify UO22+ in real environmental water samples.
Nickel-doped δ-MnO2 abundant in oxygen vacancies as a cathode material for aqueous Zn-ion batteries with superior performance
Authors: Yang Shaolin , Li Fangfang , Fu Panpan , Zhen Cheng , Wu Jiandong , Lu Hui , Hou Chunping , Sheng Zhilin
Published: February 2025

Ni doping modified the crystallinity of δ-MnO2 and introduced extra oxygen vacancies, enhancing conductivity, specific surface area, and total pore volume. Thus endowing the cathode with a high specific capacity of 401.6 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1.
One-step functionalization of gold nanorods with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands
Authors: Dominique Nathaniel L. , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Jenkins David M. , Vaia Richard , Park Kyoungweon , Camden Jon P.
Published: February 2025

Direct addition of N-heterocyclic carbene silver or gold complexes to CTAC coated gold nanorods yields chemisorbed ligands via a facile, one-step procedure.
SparkGrid: Blockchain Assisted Secure Query Scheduling and Dynamic Risk Assessment for Live Migration of Services in Apache Spark‐Based Grid Environment
Authors: Kiran Gangasandra Mahadevaiah , Nalini Narasimaiah
Published: February 2025

Grid computing is an emerging technology that enables the heterogeneous collection of data and provision of services to users. Due to the high amount of incoming heterogeneous requests, grid computing needs efficient scheduling to reduce execution time and satisfy service level agreement (SLA) and quality of service (QoS) requirements. For that purpose, we proposed the SprakGrid method to reduce execution time and satisfy SLA, and QoS requirements. The proposed work includes four consecutive phases which are explained as follows, in first we perform user authentication to ensure the legitimacy of the users using the elliptic curve‐based chaos theory algorithm which generates a secret key and stores it in the blockchain. In the second we perform query scheduling for resource discovery using the soft actor critic algorithm by considering 3P's parameters which is performed by spark environment that schedules optimal resources based on the service request. Third, we perform a risk assessment and request dropping, in which the risk nodes of workers are evaluated by the master node. To address the resource wastage by attackers, this research dynamically evaluates the risk value using Shannon entropy. Based on the risk assessment the requests are classified into two classes such as normal and malicious. Fourth we perform service live migration, in which the malicious requests are dropped and normal requests are migrated from the source node to the target node using multi‐constraints based emperor penguin optimization. Finally, simulation is performed by GridSim and the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SparkGrid method achieves superior performance compared to other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
A distributed model‐free adaptive voltage control algorithm for distribution systems with extensive integration of photovoltaics
Authors: Tian Baoye , Guo Zhifei , Zhou Baorong , Fan Lijuan , Deng Zhuoming , Zhang Yongjie , You Zuowei , Lin Lingxue
Published: February 2025

The widespread integration of photovoltaics (PVs) presents significant challenges to the operation and control of distribution systems, particularly in maintaining voltage stability at nodes with PV connections. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a voltage control algorithm based on distributed model‐free adaptive control (MFAC). The control objective is to achieve real‐time reactive‐power‐voltage coordination under constraints including PV power output limitations, voltage safety ranges, and the communication network topology. The proposed method estimates dynamic linearization parameters that represent the voltage control characteristics of the distribution systems by utilizing real‐time data from distributed PVs and enabling communication between adjacent nodes. Rather than relying on a precise network model, the algorithm achieves robust voltage control by estimating these parameters from historical and real‐time sampling data, employing a data‐driven approach to iteratively update control strategies. Multi‐scenario simulations of a 32‐bus power system demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm across diverse operating conditions.
5G/6G wave efficient window glass utilising surface mount passive metasurface for enhancing microwave transmission
Authors: Zhang Nana , Geng Ziyang , Ni Yuanliang , Cheng Yangjie , Du Xupan , Shen Yan , Ryu Tominaga , Yin Xuefeng , Luo Yong
Published: February 2025

Energy efficiency is fundamentally concerned in 5G/6G communication systems. Window glass considers mainly thermal energy efficiency, and it does not consider microwave efficiency too much for wireless communications, particularly in the fixed wireless access scenario, where the window glass is the only non‐destructive microwave wireless propagation path between the transmitter outside the house and the signal receiver inside. Regular window glasses induce severe reflections and large penetration loss, resulting in low energy efficiency for 5G/6G communications. This paper provides a new paradigm to obtain the wave efficient window glass with designing the passive and transparent metasurface. Thanks to the glass‐metasurface adjoint model and the ABCD‐field adjoint analysis, it is not only appropriate for known glasses with detailed dimensions, materials etc, but also compatible with unknown pre‐existing glasses such as an encrypted glass model. Moreover, the metasurface design is quite applicable for pre‐existing glasses with surface mounting process, rather than the regular integrated manufacturing process in which new glasses and metasurfaces are designed and manufactured together. Spectral transmission enhancement induced by the proposed metasurface is measured, validating the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, surface mount process and the CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) location are discussed for a limited space. Due to the passive, and low carbon design of the metasurface, the wave efficient glass can be easily obtained, and is compatible with the CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) or RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface) for 5G/6G communications.
A hybrid optimization approach to evaluating load capacity in distribution networks with new energy and energy storage integration
Authors: Zhang Longtian , Wang Delin , Wang Jun , Mastoi Muhammad Shahid , He Zelin , Hassan Mannan
Published: February 2025

New energy can enhance the load capacity of the distribution networks, and the addition of energy storage can suppress the fluctuations caused by the uncertainty of new energy, promoting the stable load absorption of the distribution networks. This paper explored the impact of new energy and energy storage integration into distribution network load‐carrying capacity and proposed a method for evaluating the load‐carrying capacity of the distribution networks by improving GA‐BWO with voltage adaptive control. Under the premise of considering the integration of new energy and energy storage access to the distribution networks, the impact of load increase on the status of the distribution network is derived. Constructing a distribution network load‐carrying capacity evaluation indicator system with safety, flexibility, and economy, then calculating indicator weights using the AHP‐EWM method and building evaluation function. Building a distribution network load carrying capacity model based on objective function and constraint conditions on this basis, utilizing bus voltage to adaptively control the balance factor and development stage of the Beluga algorithm, and introducing the mutation process of the Genetic algorithm, realize the solution of load carrying capacity. Evaluate the distribution networks with new energy and energy storage, for example, prove the improvement effect of new energy and energy storage output characteristics on the load carrying capacity of the distribution networks and provide a theoretical basis for regional planning and construction.
Research on Numerical Simulation and Structural Optimization of Dual-Throat Venturi Fertilizer Injectors
Authors: Xu Yinkang , Li Dongfeng , Chen Ruiquan , Ding Jie , Jin Tian , Wang Qing , Fu Tingting
Published: February 2025

Fertilization equipment is a crucial component of irrigation systems, and its performance directly impacts irrigation quality. To address the issues of low suction flow and excessive head loss in existing Venturi fertilizer injectors, the team employed numerical simulation techniques. Through single-factor experiments, we analyzed the effect of the suction pipe angle of the dual-throat Venturi fertilizer injector on its suction performance, ultimately determining the optimal structural parameter combination for the injector. The study utilized software such as Tecplot and CFD to analyze the influence of various structural parameters on the internal pressure, turbulent kinetic energy, and vortex distribution within the dual-throat Venturi fertilizer injector, examining the patterns of internal flow field variations. The angle of the suction pipe significantly affects suction performance; adjusting the suction pipe to the optimal angle helps reduce turbulent kinetic energy at the throat, increase negative pressure, and decrease both the area and intensity of vortices. This, in turn, minimizes the intensity of multidirectional velocity collisions and the head loss caused by vortices, leading to a substantial enhancement in both suction and hydraulic performance.
Research Progress of Biotechnology in Plant Materials
Authors: Sun Xiang-ping , Zhuo Wang , Lv Jiang-nan , Won Sung Wook
Published: February 2025

Utilizing renewable biomass resources and biocatalytic conversion processes to develop advanced industrial biotechnology is of great significance for building a green, low-carbon and sustainable economy. Research on the preparation of bio-composites from natural hemp fibers and biodegradable plastics has attracted much attention. The resource utilization of agricultural waste is an effective way to improve the rural environment and develop the agricultural circular economy. At the same time, the research on the preparation of biomass composite materials by using wood fiber or wood powder and degradable materials has been carried out. Materials extracted from renewable resources such as plants have become the main force of future material science development. However, the research on the application of biotechnology in plant materials is still relatively small, and there is a lack of systematic reports. This paper reviews the research progress of biomaterials in plant materials. In order to provide reference for the development of plant materials.
Rapid Analysis of Heavy Metal Element Adsorption by SCG Based on LIBS Technology
Authors: Xie Hairui , You Libing , Fang Xiaodong , Li Leyi , Ding Haokai , Zhou Zhengqi , Zhang Guanyang , Zhang Dongjian
Published: February 2025

Rapid evaluation and real-time detection of adsorption materials are particularly critical in the adsorption treatment of heavy metal wastewater. However, most elemental analysis methods have complex pretreatment procedures and are time-consuming, making real-time analysis difficult to achieve. A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy device with a 248nm KrF excimer laser as the excitation source was used to study the rapid test of heavy metal content in wastewater absorbed by coffee grounds (SCG). This study prepared 16 sets of spent coffee grounds calibration samples and 8 sets of SCG adsorption samples by externally adding heavy metal elements. After optimizing the experimental system, the characteristic spectral lines of Cd II 226.510nm and Cu I 324.754nm were analyzed. Using Cu as the internal standard element, the Cd/Cu intensity ratios from the spectral tests of 16 calibration samples were fitted with the different Cd mass fractions in SCG to obtain a calibration model, with the polynomial fitting determination coefficient (R²) reaching 0.998. Eight adsorption samples were tested, and the calibration model was used to analyze the adsorption capacity of SCG for Cd solutions of different concentrations. The adsorption rate increased with the concentration of Cd solution, reaching a maximum of 18.96 mg/g. This work provides a reference for the rapid elemental analysis of adsorbent materials during the adsorption treatment of heavy metal wastewater.
Impact of Hepatic Steatosis, Psoas Muscle Mass, and Density on Outcomes in Patients with Moderately Severe and Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Serial Computed Tomography-Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Jerath Akhil , Rewari Nishita , Gupta Pankaj , Jearth Vaneet , Singh Anupam , Shah Jimil , Samanta Jayanta , Mandavdhare Harshal , Sharma Vishal , Sinha Saroj K. , Dutta Usha
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective There is limited literature on the association of fatty liver and muscle mass with outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP) in Indian patients. We aim to investigate the impact of these parameters on clinical outcomes in AP patients based on serial computed tomography (CT) scans.

Materials and Methods Consecutive patients of AP who had a baseline CT scan within 2 weeks of pain onset and a follow-up CT scan within 2 months of initial CT scan were included. Fatty liver, spleen to liver attenuation difference (AD), psoas muscle area (PMA), and psoas muscle attenuation (PMAt) were assessed on baseline and follow-up portal venous CT scans. Their association with the length of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of ICU stay, surgery, and mortality were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results One hundred and ninety-eight patients (143 [72.2%] males, mean age 37.9 [ ± 12.4] years) were included. The mean interval between the two CT scans was 30 days (± 13.5 days). Twenty-four (12.1%) patients had fatty liver at baseline CT and 58 (29.3%) patients had fatty liver on follow-up CT (p < 0.001). The mean AD at the baseline scan was –10.2 (± 12.3) Hounsfield units (HU) and on follow up was –18.8 (± 21.7) HU (p < 0.001). PMA in baseline CT was 13.9 (± 5.5) mm2 and on follow-up was 11.2 (± 4.6) mm2 (p < 0.001). PMAt on baseline CT was 49.2 (± 8.2) HU and on follow-up was 47.1 (± 12.1) HU (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the PMA and PMAt were significantly associated with the clinical outcomes. There was no association of fatty liver with clinical outcomes. The parameter with the highest area under the curve for predicting clinical outcomes was PMAt at follow-up CT.

Conclusion Psoas muscle-based assessment is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with AP.
Enhancing creative performance among experienced newcomers: exploring the influence of knowledge exchange, learning goals, personality traits, and technostress
Authors: Song Linpei , Ma Zhuang
Published: February 2025

Digital firms often hire experienced newcomers (ENs) to bring in external knowledge and leverage their creativity for innovation. However, these newcomers still need context-specific and complementary knowledge from organizational insiders to achieve creative performance. Drawing on trait activation theory, this study examines (1) how learning goal orientation (LGO) and personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) predict experienced newcomers’ knowledge exchange, including acquisition (KA) and donation (KD), and (2) the association between knowledge exchange and creative performance. Our analyses of two-wave time-lagged data from 236 EN responses suggest that LGO, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness positively influence KA and KD. We also found that KA and KD are positively associated with creative performance. However, technostress negatively moderates the relationships between openness to experience and KA, conscientiousness and KA, and agreeableness and KA, as well as the relationships between LGO and KD and agreeableness and KD. Our results contribute to the literature on EN recruitment for innovation in digital firms and have theoretical and practical implications for ENs’ creative performance, learning goal orientation, personality traits, knowledge exchange, and the use of technology to facilitate such exchange.
Frequency response of spin drift-diffusion in n-doped Ge, Si, and GaAs
Authors: Scali F. , Finazzi M. , Bottegoni F. , Zucchetti C.
Published: February 2025

The frequency dependent drift-diffusive spin transport of polarized electrons lying at the bottom of the conduction band of n-doped Ge, Si, and GaAs is numerically investigated at room temperature. First, we calculate the spin lifetime for such electron populations. Then, the temporal evolution of a spin population detected at a certain distance from the injection point is studied by employing a finite element method to solve the coupled spin drift-diffusion and continuity equations in a one-dimensional frame. In this way, we unveil the intricate dependence of the spin accumulation as a function of the distance between the injection and detection point, the doping level of the semiconductor, and the amplitude and frequency of the electric field. Notably, the spin signal features both a variation in phase with the electric field and a modulation at higher harmonics. The cut-off frequency of the spin signal increases with the electric field’s amplitude or by reducing the spin-diffusion length. With applied bias voltages compatible with those used in electronics, we obtain cut-off frequencies of about 35 GHz in Ge, 480 MHz in Si, and 15 THz in GaAs. Our results not only shed light on the fundamental mechanisms governing spin dynamics but also hold the promise for future applications in spin-dependent logic operations.
Hemodynamic characteristics of compliant carotid artery with single eccentric stenosis
Authors: Rajmane Swapnil , Tiwari Shaligram
Published: February 2025

Arterial stenoses are often seen to have asymmetric plaque distribution that shows strong influence on the hemodynamics of the artery. The present work carries out three-dimensional computations with the fluid–structure interaction to study the hemodynamics of compliant eccentric artery with single stenosis. The severity and eccentricity of stenosis are varied over a wide range. Eccentricity is defined as the offset between the centerline of the normal artery and the centerline of the stenosed artery. The blood flow having a pulsatile nature has been provided at the inlet of the computational fluid domain. The blood viscosity is modeled using the non-Newtonian Carreau model, and the compliant solid domain is linear elastic. The fluid domain uses the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation, whereas the solid domain is solved in the Lagrangian frame with a two-way coupling being used at the interface. Transient flow behavior has been illustrated using iso-Q surfaces, vorticity, and helicity contours. The deformation in the arterial wall has been presented in response to the inlet transient flow and variation in eccentricity. The present work also brings out the distinction in results for compliant artery when compared with the geometrically similar rigid counterpart. The results indicate that although deformations in the arterial wall are minimal, they affect the flow behavior significantly. Comparison shows that the wall shear stress in the compliant artery is relatively low as compared to that in the rigid case. There appears a slight underestimation in the oscillatory shear index distribution when compliance of artery is neglected.
Water and sediment characteristics in pressurized pipelines under complex terrain conditions
Authors: Nan Junhu , Li Wei , Tao Ran
Published: February 2025

This study selects the pipelines of the SGN as the research object and combines the experimental study with numerical simulation to investigate the water and sediment characteristics in pressurized pipelines under complex terrain conditions and determine the critical non-silting velocity under different flow rates. The results show that the sediment concentration and particle size gradually settle along the length of the pipeline, and the sediment particle size at the sampling position is 0.724–180 μm, with a sediment concentration ranging 1.09–6.28 kg/m3. The sediment in the inverted siphon pipeline is susceptible to siltation mainly at the bend below the rising section and the rising section. The sediment concentration in the radial direction of the pipeline is smaller at the upper layer and larger at the lower layer. As the flow rate increases, the sediment concentration in the lower layer of the horizontal section of the inverted siphon gradually decreases, while that in the lower layer of the descending and ascending sections gradually increases. Excess sediment concentration at the bottom of the pipeline under low flow conditions makes the high-velocity zone move upward. The flow velocity decreases in the lower layer and increases in the middle and upper layers. The critical non-silting velocity of sediment in the pipeline under sediment particle size of 1–500 μm is 1.20 m/s. The time-averaged pressure in the pipeline under water-sediment conditions is slightly greater than that under clear water conditions. The increase in sediment concentration at the bottom of the pipeline causes the fluctuation frequency and amplitude of pulsation pressure at the section center of the pipeline to be uneven and the frequency more dispersed. The research results may provide reference for the operation and design of similar projects.
A microscopic study on the nucleation of cage structures and interfacial growth characteristics during methane hydrate synthesis process
Authors: Li Jia , Zhao Peng , Wang Zhaoliang
Published: February 2025

Molecular dynamics method is used to explore the microscopic mechanism of methane hydrate synthesis process. The three important stages of methane hydrate synthesis are characterized. The diffusion coefficient of the dissolution and diffusion stage, the nucleation stage, and the growth stage are calculated to be 4.6 × 10−11 m2/s, 1.57 × 10−14 m2/s, and 6.97 × 10−12 m2/s, respectively. To reveal the features of the dissolution and diffusion process, the number variation of methane molecules is plotted from time and space perspectives. In the nucleation process, the structure of rings, semi-cages, and cages is identified. It is found that the number of ring structures starts to increase at 5 ns while for semi-cages and cages, they increase at 8 and 14 ns. During the growth process, a method for defining the solid–liquid interface region is proposed based on the F4 order parameter. The interface dynamic parameters such as the position, movement rate, interface morphology, and interface region thickness of the solid–liquid interface region are analyzed. The results of interface dynamics indicate that the moving rate of solid–liquid interface is not constant. The thickness of the solid–liquid interface region is about 1/2 of the lattice constant of methane hydrates. The relationship between the number of hydrate-like particles suggests that the cavity occupancy ratio is less than 100%. Besides, it was discovered that the hydrate seeds have an important positive influence on methane hydrate synthesis. The simulated system with 2 × 2 × 3 hydrate seeds has more stable cage structures and higher F4 values than the other systems with thinner seeds.
Four types of English evidential -ly adverbs
Authors: Kemp Lois
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on the distribution, scope and semantics of UK English evidential -ly adverbs
in declarative sentences. It draws on work done on the classification of English evidential adverbs into evidential categories of
Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG), which makes use of a grammatical component made up of a layered hierarchy. The paper presents
a qualitative analysis in terms of the meaning, scope, and position of evidential -ly adverbs. The FDG evidential
subcategories are Reportative (reportedly), Inferential (presumably), Deduction
(clearly) and Event Perception (visibly). Various FDG-related tests reveal more about the
behaviour of English evidential adverbs. In order to carry out the tests, examples of the use of evidential adverbs in this paper
have been constructed by the author and their acceptability judged by native speakers of South-East England. It becomes evident
not only that the meaning of evidential adverbs in declaratives is context-dependent, which makes them chameleon-like, but also
that the meaning of evidential -ly adverbs determines their scope, which itself is reflected in their formal
behaviour. Furthermore, the paper confirms observations of others that the reportative evidential subcategory acts differently
from the three other subcategories — inferential, deductive and event perception.
Terminology
Authors: Liu Xingfeng
Published: February 2025

Terminology originated in Europe and drew its theoretical and practical foundations primarily from European
sources. However, it is essential to note that ancient China also possessed its own system of terminology, which has largely been
overlooked in contemporary terminology studies. This paper aims to delve into the realm of ancient Chinese terminology, examining
both its practical applications and theoretical underpinnings. The findings indicate that there existed a variety of methods for
term classification, approaches to term explanation, and practical works related to terminology. Theoretically, ming
xue (studies of names/naming) represents the distinctive terminology studies in ancient China. Ancient Chinese
terminology investigates various aspects such as the definition, typology, function, interpretation of terms, and intricate
relationship between names and realities, with special emphasis on the importance of rectifying names. This study is valuable for
gaining insights into ancient Chinese terminology and broadening our understanding of terminology across various areas and
eras.
High power, compact picosecond pulse compression based on concaveconvex cavity
Authors: Huang Zhenwen , Li Pinbin , Xing Xiaowei , Liu Qi , Wang Kejian , Liu Wenjun , Teng Hao , Zhu Jiangfeng , Wei Zhiyi
Published: February 2025

Utilizing a concave-convex multi-pass cavity and solid-state nonlinear solid media for nonlinear spectral broadening, in conjunction with a pulse post-compression setup, the femtosecond pulses with high peak power density have been successfully achieved. Compared to the other traditional pulse compression technologies, the configuration is very compact with large tolerance for beam direction and spot size. The pulses with 80 W in 10.7 ps at 500 kHz are compressed to 842 fs with the configuration, and the compressed pulse duration approaches the Fourier transform limited pulse duration of 707 fs.
Road dynamic target recognition using a low-cost millimeter wave radar
Authors: Guo Juntao , Yang Zhaocheng , Chu Ping , Cai Jiayi , Zhou Jianhua
Published: February 2025

For outdoor scenarios, millimeter-wave radar has attracted considerable attention due to its advantage of being less affected by lighting and weather conditions. In this paper, we propose a road dynamic target recognition method using a low-cost millimeter wave radar. We first track targets to estimate the global trajectory of each target, and then extract effective local trajectories from them to remove the interference of non-attention targets. Subsequently, we cut the effective local trajectories to estimate the speed and approximate size of the target. Finally, we utilize the support vector machine by exploiting the estimated speed, target size and some other features to classify the targets into people, bicycles and cars. Moreover, a real-time low-cost system is designed to implement the proposed method. Experiment results show that the proposed method is robust to the installation height and angles, and can achieve an average accuracy of 96.19% for triple classification.
Retrospective study on the resonance of thermoacoustic emissions and their possible biological implications in cats treated with electron FLASH beams
Authors: Lascaud Julie , Rädler Martin , Rohrer Bley Carla , Vozenin Marie-Catherine , Parodi Katia
Published: February 2025

Objective. Radiotherapy delivered at an ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) is a promising cancer treatment. In the last years, it has been shown to selectively reduce toxicity in healthy tissue by triggering the so-called FLASH effect achieved through specific temporal dose fractionation. However, the increase of the instantaneous dose rate results in the production of stronger thermoacoustic emissions for microsecond or shorter pulsed ionizing beams, which could potentially impact the treatment outcomes. Focusing on scenarios expected to create the highest acoustic intensities, the objectives of this work were to assess whether acoustic resonance can theoretically occur in vivo and how it could be mitigated in cases where it would influence the biological response. Approach. Thermoacoustic emissions were retrospectively simulated from post-treatment x-ray computed tomography scans of cats irradiated with a single high dose of electron FLASH to treat squamous carcinoma of the nasal planum. The peak dose, pressure intensity and location of the acoustic resonance were assessed for different beam positioning and reproduced for three animals. Main results. Irradiation of nasal planum in cats using a frontal electron beam results in pressure hot spots due to acoustic resonance that are observed in the vicinity of the rostral maxillary bone. The pressure distribution is mostly influenced by the anatomy (i.e. geometry and heterogeneous composition of the irradiated object), whereas its intensity largely depends on the irradiation setup. While further experimental investigation is needed to understand and mitigate potential associated risks, our results underline that acoustic phenomena so far neglected in conventional radiotherapy may need to be accounted for when using UHDR delivery. Significance. We show that specific irradiation scenarios can induce geometry-dependent thermoacoustic resonances in vivo which may be of sufficient magnitude to induce biological effects and impact the outcomes of FLASH radiotherapy.
Predictive outlook for experiments resolving prompt vs local redeposition of high-Z materials in tokamaks
Authors: Easley D C , Johnson C A , Diaw A , Younkin T R , Donovan D C , Unterberg E A , Abe S
Published: February 2025

High-Z plasma facing components redeposit within the sheath through a combination of two distinct mechanisms: prompt (or geometric-driven) and local (or sheath-driven) redeposition. Experimental efforts are needed to determine the leading-order parameters influencing prompt-vs-local trade-off, which sets the fraction of material entering the scrape-off layer. In preparation for such experiments, leading-order parameters are isolated within the PYEAD-RustBCA-GITR coupled net erosion code using Sobol’ sensitivity analysis. Then, experiments resolving prompt-vs-local trade-off under variation of these leading-order parameters are proposed using an isotopic coupon design with multifaceted diagnostic coverage. The measurability of these experiments is evaluated using synthetic diagnostics.
Non-classicality and non-adiabaticity in a single trapped ion
Authors: Avalos C F P , de Oliveira M C
Published: February 2025

Trapped ion systems present non-classical characteristics such as squeezed states that show a quantum advantage in quantum sensing, quantum information processing and quantum thermodynamics. We analyze the non-classical characteristics of a system described by a single ion trapped by a periodic potential field. Within the regime of non-adiabatic manipulation of the potential field, the dynamics of motion of the center of mass of the ion can be described by a dimensionless parameter called the non-adiabatic parameter

Q

∗

. This parameter allows us to distinguish the classical and non-classical characteristics of the system. Using the equations of motion of observables in the Heisenberg picture, we propose an analysis of the unitary time evolution operator and discuss the squeezing behavior in the state of motion of the ion. The results shown can serve as a basis to discuss the presence of squeezing as a resource in quantum thermodynamics in the non-adiabatic regime in actual achievable experimental limitations.
A modeling method for self-heating effect of FinFET with wide application range considering characteristic parameter
Authors: Wang Yue , Liang Huaguo , Li Danqing , Zhang Hong , Shao Zhiwei , Pan Yuqi , Yi Maoxiang , Lu Yingchun , Huang Zhengfeng
Published: February 2025

With the ongoing trend of reducing transistor size, dealing with self-heating effect (SHE) has emerged as a crucial challenge in ensuring the reliability of small-sized transistors. Accurately characterizing SHE is fundamental for predicting reliability. In this article, we focus on characterizing SHE in 14 nm finned field-effect-transistor (FinFET) by establishing the relationship between gate source voltage (V

GS
), threshold voltage (V

TH
), and SHE temperature (T

SHE
). The model established in the article allows for SHE characterization of 14 nm nFinFET within a voltage range of 0–0.7 V (R2 goodness of fit >99.95%; R Correlation coefficient >99.95%; error <1 °C) and 14 nm pFinFET within a voltage range of −0.3 ­ −0.7 V (R2 goodness of fit >99.95%; R Correlation coefficient >99.95%; error <1 °C), respectively. Simulation results further validates the applicability of our characterization method for 10 nm and 7 nm process technologies. Finally, a comparison of the characterization method with other methods reveals that the characterization method stands out for its broad applicability and streamlined steps, offering a solid methodological foundation for predicting SHE.
Height quantized diffractive deep neural networks
Authors: Li Runze , Zhuang Xuhui , Ding Gege , Song Mingzhu , Jin Guang , Zhang Xuemin , Wen Jie , Wang Shaoju
Published: February 2025

Diffractive deep neural networks (D2NN) have shown advantages in artificial intelligence image processing tasks, such as lens-free imaging. Since the accuracy and resolution of current fabrication technologies such as photolithography and 3D printing are difficult to meet the low-cost D2NN manufacturing, in order to solve this problem, we designed height quantized diffractive deep neural networks, thereby improving the networks detail resolution and reducing the fabrication accuracy requirements. We experimentally verified the functionality of the proposed networks, and simulation results show that this structure can achieve the same training effect with less training time. In addition, the quantization process is introduced into D2NN as a kind of noise, which can partially avoid the overfitting of the D2NN.
Semiconductor/lithium lanthanum titanate perovskite interface: a DFT study
Authors: Cervantes J M , Antonio J E , Muñoz H , Escamilla R O , Romero M , Escamilla R
Published: February 2025

Currently, incorporating functional materials such as Si and Ge semiconductors on perovskite-type oxide titanates is essential to exploit their electronic and magnetic properties. In this work, the electronic and magnetic properties of Si/Ge monolayer (ML) on a LaO-terminated LaTiO3 (LTO) or LiO-terminated Li0.5La0.5TiO3 (LLTO) surface, at La-, O- and Li-top sites systems were studied through the Density Functional Theory. Our results show that the system has an antiferromagnetic order when the Si-ML is on the O-top site of the LTO surface; and ferromagnetic when the Si-ML is on the O-top site of the LLTO surface. All the remaining Si adsorption cases are ferrimagnetic systems. When the Ge ML is placed at the La-top and O-top sites on the LTO surface, the resulting systems exhibit ferrimagnetism. In contrast, the Ge-ML on the LLTO surface shows ferromagnetism, regardless of the adsorption site. The adsorption energy values show that the most favorable site to place the Si/Ge ML on the LLTO perovskite surface is at the O-top site. These results display that Si/Ge semiconductor ML/oxide perovskite surface could be used as interface in electrochemical systems.
Innovative development of sustainable epoxy toughened through banana flower pistil: mechanical along with water absorption performance evaluation
Authors: Dhanenderan N , Rajasekaran P , Peniel Pauldoss S , Arumuganainar K
Published: February 2025

This work aimed to formulate sustainable material through utilizing banana flower pistil waste, a by-product of banana flower consumption, as a reinforcement agent. The primary objective was to evaluate function of material made from epoxy in addition to banana flower pistils at varying weight fractions (10 wt% to 30 wt% in 5 wt% increments) through hand layup system, followed by mechanical testing to determine its functioning. Composite with 25 wt% banana flower pistil demonstrated the highest mechanical performance, achieving 64 MPa strength in tensile, 185 MPa strength in flexural, 7.64 kJ m−2 strength in impact, and 89 Shore D hardness. However, composite with 30 wt% banana flower pistil expressed utmost water amalgamation of 21% over 10 days. These findings indicate that the 25 wt% composite optimally balances mechanical strength and water resistance. The significance of this research lies in the development of an eco-friendly and cost-effective material with comparable performance to other natural composites. Potential applications for this composite include lightweight structural components in automotive, construction, and consumer goods industries, where moderate load-bearing capacity and sustainability are prioritized.
Galactic and extragalactic probe of dark matter with LISA's binary black holes
Authors: Ghodla Sohan
Published: February 2025

The upcoming LISA mission will be able to detect gravitational waves from galactic and extragalactic compact binaries. Here, we report on LISA's capability to probe dark matter around these binaries if the latter constitute black holes. By analyzing the variation in the chirp mass of the binary, we show that depending on the black hole masses, LISA should be able to probe their surrounding dark matter to a luminosity distance of ≈ 1 Gpc if such binaries are located within the inner ≈ 10 pc of their galactic center for particle-like dark matter or near the galactic solitonic core for wave-like dark matter. However, for the latter, the density of dark matter near the galactic center must be higher than predicted from dark matter only simulations. Even if a null result is recorded during the course of observation of well-localized binaries, one can rule out certain parameter spaces of dark matter as being the dominant contributor to the matter budget of the Universe.
High performance gel electrolytes for zinc ion batteries
Authors: Wan Fu , Hu Kaida , Zhang Ying , Deng Baojia
Published: February 2025

In recent years, Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered considerable interest as a promising new form of energy storage technology that is anticipated to supplant lithium-ion batteries. However, problems such as electrolytes leakage and dendrite growth in ZIBs have hindered their further development in energy storage systems, and gel electrolytes are considered to be the most promising alternative to solve this set of problems. In this paper, we successfully prepared a porous gel electrolyte of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) crosslinked with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has an ionic conductivity of up to 22.38 mS cm−1 and excellent mechanical properties, and finally shows excellent multiplicity performance and long-cycling performance in ZIBs as well. This study provides useful insights for the development of high-performance gel electrolytes.
Investigation of promotion effect of ZIF-8 suspensions on hydrate formation
Authors: Tong Shikun , Yan Kele , Ren Yuemeng , Jin Yanxin , Gao Kaige , Xie Hui
Published: February 2025

Porous adsorption materials have been used to promote hydrate formation in the development of hydrate-based technology. In this study, the effect of ZIF-8 suspensions on the formation kinetic of methane hydrate was investigated systematically. The experimental results show that the presence of ZIF-8 suspensions can effectively reduce the induction time of methane hydrate formation, and the higher the amount of addition, the shorter the induction time. We found the transition mechanism of inhibition-promotion effect of ZIF-8. At low pressure, gas adsorption and hydrate formation compete to capture the dissolved methane, limiting the further hydrate growth. At high pressure, the gas consumption rates are determined by the hydrate formation in bulk phase at the early stage. When the mass transfer resistance is large, conversion of adsorbed gas provides additional source for hydrate formation. The promotion effect of ZIF-8 on hydrate formation emerges at the initial pressure of 6.5MPa, and the methane gas consumption increases significantly with the increase of ZIF-8 addition.
Experimental study on the deposition and adsorption mechanism of fluorescent nanoparticle tracers in sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Li Sinan , Li Haitao , Wang Xinliang , Sun Xiaoyi , Li Dong , Liu Zimin
Published: February 2025

Chemical tracer testing technology is one of the important means for reservoir characterization. By injecting chemical tracers, effective reservoir information under specific conditions can be obtained, such as the inter-well connectivity between injection and production wells, the evaluation of enhanced oil recovery after polymer injection, and the estimation of residual oil saturation. In this study, fluorescent silica nanoparticles were selected as tracers. Through core displacement experiments, the adsorption and retention characteristics of these nanoparticles on the surface of sandstone reservoir rocks were investigated, as well as the factors affecting the migration, adsorption, and retention of particles in sandstone reservoirs.
Development of low temperature electronics for LAr-TPC
Authors: Morita Ayumi , Hamada Eitaro , Hasegawa Takuya , Hosokawa Ritsuya , Kishishita Tetsuichi , Kotobuki Kazuyuki , Narita Shinya , Sakashita Ken
Published: February 2025

Recently, the multi-kton Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr-TPC) has been developed
to conduct neutrino oscillation and nucleon decay search experiments.
Accordingly, the necessity of high functional electronics for the multi-kton
LAr-TPC has been increasing. The electronics used in LAr-TPC is needed to operate stably at
cryogenic temperature (89 K). Thus, we have been developing analog front-end electronics for
LAr-TPC termed as LTARS, and making improvements. The latest version of this
electronics in the LTARS series, LTAR16A, is fabricated in a TSMC 180 nm process. The ASIC
includes on board the following features: A/D converters, internal and external trigger modes
and two data processing modes. We tested the LTARS16A and confirmed that the performance
satisfies our requirements for both at room and cryogenic temperatures. Furthermore, we
successfully observed the output signal for α-rays with the LTARS16A mounted on a
small-sized prototype TPC.
Insights gained from test system preparation for the hybrids production for the CMS Phase-2 Outer Tracker
Authors: Szydlik P. , Abbas M. , Ahmed I. , Allongue B. , Andreou D. , Blanchot G. , Carnesecchi R. , Klein K. , Kovacs M. , Lapornik A. , La Rosa A. , Lipinski M. , Louis D. , Mohammadi Najafabadi M. , Pauls A. , Sultan A. , Thurn F. , Zografos A. ,   on behalf of CMS Tracker group
Published: February 2025

The CMS Phase-2 Outer Tracker requires the manufacturing of 8000 Strip-Strip and 5880 Pixel-Strip silicon modules, altogether incorporating 47 520 hybrid circuits of 18 variants. To ensure complete functionality of the modules it is essential to perform production-scale testing of the hybrids before the module assembly. For that reason, a complex, scalable test system was designed, manufactured, and commissioned. However, the system deployment encountered more difficulties than anticipated which required extensive debugging and creative problem solving. The problems, solutions, and lessons learned from the system deployment are presented.
Prospects of black phosphorus nanosheets in the treatment of peri-implantitis
Authors: Wu Ailin , Su Jun , Zhang Yongzhi , Zhang Dongjiao , Chen Yanhua
Published: February 2025

Peri-implantitis represents an inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of plaque-related soft and hard tissue damage surrounding dental implants, often resulting in progressive alveolar bone loss and, ultimately, implant failure. Black phosphorus (BP), a novel two-dimensional (2D) material that has recently emerged in the biomedical field, has attracted increasing attention due to its unique osteogenic properties and exceptional antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics. Additionally, its outstanding biomedical attributes enhance angiogenesis and nerve regeneration. Compared to other biomaterials, its high specific surface area, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and complete biodegradability make BP a promising candidate for treating infection-related bone defects. This article reviews the biological properties of BP nanosheets (BPNSs) and discusses their potential applications in the context of peri-implantitis, aiming to provide fresh insights for future research and applications of BPNS.
Transmission of quantum information through quantum fields in curved spacetimes
Authors: Kasprzak Michael , Tjoa Erickson
Published: February 2025

We construct a relativistic quantum communication channel between two localized qubit systems, mediated by a relativistic quantum field, that can achieve the theoretical maximum for the quantum capacity in arbitrary curved spacetimes using the Unruh–DeWitt detector formalism. Using techniques from algebraic quantum field theory, we express the quantum capacity of the quantum communication channel purely in terms of the correlation functions of the field and the causal propagator for the wave equation. Consequently, the resulting quantum channel, and hence the quantum capacity, are by construction manifestly covariant, respect the causal structure of spacetime, and are independent of the details of the background geometry, topology, and the choice of Hilbert space (quasifree) representations of the field.