bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of incorporation of soy flour on functional, nutritional, and sensory properties of mushroom–moringa‐supplemented healthy soup
Authors: Mohajan Suman , Orchy Tania N. , Farzana Tasnim
Published: February 2018

The research study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soy flour on functional, nutritional, and sensory properties of mushroom–moringa‐supplemented soup which could be used as a protein‐supplemented ready‐to‐eat food. In this study, corn flour was supplemented with soy flour at different levels such as 20% (T4), 15% (T3), 10% (T2), and 5% (T1), and without soy flour was kept as control (T0). Fixed amount of mushroom and moringa leaf powder was added in all soup powders. Soup powders were analyzed for functional, nutritional, and sensory parameters. Bulk density (0.82–0.74 g/ml), dispersibility (82.1%–75.9%), pH (6.17–6.13), swelling capacity (3.98–3.65 ml/g), and viscosity were decreased, while water absorption capacity (70%–94%) was increased with increasing of soy flour percentages. Protein content of all the treatment groups increased from 10.66% to 19.97% along with a significant increased in fat (1.43%–6.97%), fiber (1.10%–2.30%), ash (15.77%–16.40%), and energy value (328.38–353.21 kcal/100 g) while decreased in moisture and carbohydrate content. On sensory evaluation, soup powders with 10% (T2) level of soy flour incorporation had highest scores for all the sensory attributes evaluated. Based on these results, it can be concluded that soy flour has effect on functional, nutritional, and sensory properties of soup powders and 10% supplementation of soy flour is suitable for ready‐to‐eat soup formulation. Besides these, use of mushroom and moringa leaf may also increase its nutritional value. Soup developed in this way may be sufficient to meet day‐to‐day nutritional requirements as a supplement.
Indigenous Ethiopian okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) mucilage: A novel ingredient with functional and antioxidant properties
Authors: Gemede Habtamu Fekadu , Haki Gulelat Desse , Beyene Fekadu , Rakshit Sudip Kumar , Woldegiorgis Ashagrie Z.
Published: February 2018

Functional and antioxidant properties of mucilage extracted from the pods of eight okra accessions grown in Benishangul‐Gumuz region, Western Ethiopia, were evaluated. This study had shown that the mucilage contents of the pods of eight okra accessions ranged from 1.25 to 3.45 g/100 g. Functional properties of the mucilage of okra pods varied significantly (p < .05) and had respective ranges of bulk density of 0.58–0.64 g/ml; water absorption capacity of 2.45–4.60 ml/g; oil absorption capacity of 0.02–3.64 ml/g; emulsifying capacity of 42.22%–74.45%; emulsion stability of 42.22%–74.45%; foaming capacity of 50.51%–62.50%, and foam stability of 36.04%–54.35%. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the mucilage of the pods of okra accessions ranged from 4.66 to 49.93 mg GAE/g and 8.18–18.72 mg CE/g, respectively. The effective concentration (EC50) values (mg/ml) of mucilage of okra pods varied from 3.15 to 6.60 and 1.10 to 1.85 for DPPH scavenging and metal‐chelating activity, respectively. The study revealed that the mucilage of the pods of okra accessions was found to exhibit good functional properties and can offer a great potential in various food systems. Particularly, mucilage of the pods from OPA#5 and OPA#7 had desirable water and oil absorption capacities, whereas the mucilage of accession OPA#1 and OPA#6 had high emulsifying and foaming properties. The results also demonstrated that okra pod mucilage had potential sources of natural antioxidant.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Biscoumarin Derivatives
Authors: Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Ghanbari Pirbasti Fateme , Jalalifard Zeinab
Published: February 2018

Published data on the preparation of biscoumarin derivatives is discussed in this review. Biscoumarins are synthesized via the reaction of 4‐hydroxy coumarin and different aldehydes. Many attempts have been made to apply various catalysts and also different reaction conditions to synthesize biscoumarins. The role of the catalyst and the reaction conditions on the reaction time and yield of the products is discussed.
Promoter polymorphisms in TGFB1 and IL10 genes influence tumor dendritic cells infiltration, development and prognosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Gulubova Maya , Aleksandrova Elina , Vlaykova Tatyana
Published: February 2018

Background

Anti‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 have a complex role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Dendritic cells (DCs) are the cellular component of the inflammatory microenvironment in the tumor and infiltration of tumors by DCs is associated with better prognosis and fewer metastases.

Methods

In the present study, we explored the role of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of TGFB1 and IL10 genes and their associations with infiltrating DCs in CRC.A case–control study was designed. Genotyping was performed via the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method and DC infiltration was determined immunohistochemically.

Results

For the TGFΒ1 ‐509C/T SNP, we found that the T allele was less frequent in patients than in controls (p = 0.031) and the TT‐genotype had a 2.74‐fold lower risk for CRC than the CC‐genotype (odds ratio = 0.365, 95% confidence interval = 0.15–0.88, p = 0.015). Additionally, the TT carriers had the shortest median survival (14.4 months) (p = 0.045). The C‐allele genotypes had a significantly longer survival compared to TT carriers (p = 0.018). The CC genotype was associated with a lower cellular density of CD11c in the invasive margin of the tumor (p = 0.033), whereas there was an opposite finding for CD83+ DCs (p = 0.037). Carriers of A‐allele genotypes of the IL10 ‐1080A/G SNP had significantly lower CD83+ cells (p = 0.046) in the tumor invasive margin.

Conclusions

The T‐allele of the TGFB1 ‐509C/T SNP might be a protective factor for development of CRC, although, in the course of the disease, this variant allele might be associated with more unfavorable prognosis of the patients.
Characteristics of Isolated Ventricular Septal Defects Less Likely to Close In Utero
Authors: Chau Ann C. , Jones Andrew , Sutherland Monique , Lilje Christian , Sernich Stefan , Hagan Joseph , Miller Joseph
Published: February 2018

Objectives

To determine the characteristics of fetal ventricular septal defects (VSDs) that will be less likely to close prenatally.

Methods

In this 4‐year retrospective cohort study, 148 fetuses had a diagnosis of a VSD during a comprehensive fetal anatomy survey. The VSD diagnosis was confirmed by color and pulsed wave Doppler studies. These fetuses were followed monthly until their birth. They had postnatal echocardiography performed within 1 month of age to assess the persistence of a VSD. Fisher exact, Wilcoxon rank sum, and log rank tests and bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association of each individual variable with prenatal VSD closure.

Results

One hundred twenty‐five of 148 fetuses (84%) had prenatal VSD closure at a mean gestational age ± SD of 26.9 ± 4.5 weeks. Fetuses with a persistent VSD more frequently had other cardiac defects than the closed VSD group (12 of 23 versus 5 of 125; P < .001). Fetuses having a persistent VSD more frequently had an abnormal karyotype (9 of 23 versus 5 of 125; P < .001). The persistent VSDs were larger in their initial size (5.9 ± 8.4 mm versus 2.7 ± 0.8 mm; P = .002) and in their maximal prenatal size (6.0 ± 9.1 mm versus 2.9 ± 0.9 mm; P < .001). The presence of associated cardiac defects (adjusted odds ratio = 0.071; P = .031) and an abnormal karyotype (adjusted odds ratio = 0.058; P = .021) were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of prenatal VSD closure. All VSDs with a maximal size of 2 mm or less closed prenatally.

Conclusions

Fetuses with a complex cardiac defect or an abnormal karyotype were less likely to have prenatal VSD closure.
Intrinsic, environmental, and anthropogenic factors related to pronghorn summer mortality
Authors: Reinking Adele K. , Smith Kurt T. , Monteith Kevin L. , Mong Tony W. , Read Mary J. , Beck Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2018

Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are an iconic wildlife species of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) and grassland ecosystems in western North America. Over 50% of pronghorn have historically occurred in Wyoming; however, these populations have declined by nearly 30% in <2 decades, concurrent with expanding energy development and prolonged drought. Research suggests adult female pronghorn, unlike other temperate ungulates, are more likely to die in summer, when body condition is lower from extreme energetic demands of reproduction, which are higher for pronghorn than other ungulates. To evaluate the potential effects of intrinsic, environmental, and anthropogenic factors on summer mortality risk, we monitored 114 adult female pronghorn equipped with global positioning system transmitters in the Red Desert region of south‐central Wyoming, USA between 2013 and 2015. We modeled mortality risk using Cox's proportional hazards regression. Summer mortality risk was influenced by intrinsic and environmental factors; mortality risk increased when individuals were in poorer body condition entering the previous winter and when they experienced greater variation in average daily snow depth during the previous winter. We did not detect an effect of the distance to and density of roads, oil and gas wells, or fences on pronghorn summer mortality. During years of increased winter severity with deep and fluctuating snow depths, managers may observe higher winter mortality and higher mortality the following summer, likely as a consequence of the energetic expense associated with winter survival and spring reproduction for female pronghorn. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
The Expression of Lipoprotein Receptors Is Increased in the Infarcted Area After Myocardial Infarction Induced in Rats With Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: de Lima Aline D. , Guido Maria C. , Tavares Elaine R. , Carvalho Priscila O. , Marques Alyne F. , de Melo Marcelo D. T. , Salemi Vera M. C. , Kalil‐Filho Roberto , Maranhão Raul C.
Published: February 2018

Left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction constitutes the structural basis for ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. The characterization underlying the expression of lipoprotein receptors in cardiac dysfunction is scarcely explored. The aim of this study was to analyze the status of lipoprotein receptors on the infarcted and noninfarcted areas of LV and to verify whether nanoparticles that mimic the lipid structure of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and have the ability to bind to LDL receptors (LDE) are taken up more avidly by the noninfarcted LV. 13 male Wistar rats with left coronary artery ligation (myocardial infarction [MI]) and 12 animals with SHAM operation (SHAM) were used in this study. 6 weeks after the procedure, the quantification of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), LDL receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1), scavenger receptor‐class B type I (SR‐BI) lipoprotein receptors, and PCNA proliferation marker, and tissue uptake of radioactively labeled LDE were performed. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis showed that LDLR, LRP1, SR‐BI, and PCNA, expression in infarcted area of MI was remarkably higher than SHAM and noninfarcted subendocardial (SEN) and interstitial (INT) areas. In addition, in SEN noninfarcted area of MI, the presence of LDLR was about threefold higher than in SHAM SEN and INT noninfarcted areas. The LDE uptake of noninfarcted LV of MI group was about 30% greater than that of SHAM group. In conclusion, these findings regarding the status of lipoprotein receptors after MI induction could help to establish mechanisms on myocardial repairing. In conclusion, infarcted rats with LV dysfunction showed increased expression of lipoprotein receptors mainly in the infarcted area.
Technical Note: An efficient daily QA procedure for proton pencil beam scanning
Authors: Younkin James E. , Shen Jiajian , Bues Martin , Robertson Daniel G. , Mundy Daniel W. , Clouser Edward , Liu Wei , Ding Xiaoning , Stoker Joshua B.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The aim of this work was to develop an efficient daily quality assurance (QA) program with strict tolerance levels for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton radiotherapy featuring simultaneous dosimetric testing on a single, nonuniform field.

Methods

A nonuniform field measuring beam output, proton range, and spot position was designed for delivery onto a Sun Nuclear Daily‐QA 3 device. A custom acrylic block permitted simultaneous measurement of low‐ and high‐energy proton ranges in addition to beam output. Sensitivities to output, range, and spot position were evaluated to quantitate the device's response. Reproducibility tests were used to identify and control sources of measurement error as well as to assess the QA procedure's robustness. This procedure was implemented in each of our four treatment rooms independently; 4–6 months of daily QA measurements were collected.

Results

The 1% output, 0.5 mm range, and 1.5 mm spot position tolerances derived from preliminary tests were tighter overall than tolerances found in the literature and equivalent to the limits used for proton system commissioning. The simplicity and automation of the procedure reduced the time required for daily QA to 10 min per treatment room, and competition for beam between multiple treatment rooms was minimized.

Conclusions

An efficient daily PBS QA procedure can be performed using a single, nonuniform field on a nondedicated QA device. A thorough quantitation of the device's response and careful control of measurement uncertainties allowed daily tolerances to match commissioning standards.
Tuning morphology and mechanical property of polyacrylamide/Laponite/titania dual nanocomposite hydrogels by titania
Authors: Wang Di , Tan Yun , Yu Lina , Xiao Zhixin , Du Juan , Ling Jing , Li Na , Wang Jide , Xu Shimei , Huang Jianbin
Published: February 2018

The tough polyacrylamide/Laponite/titania (TiO2) dual nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel was fabricated byin situradical polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) in the dispersion of Laponite and TiO2. TiO2nanoparticles were prepared by sol‐gel method and used as both the inorganic filler and multi‐functional crosslinking agent. The morphology of hydrogel was tuned as functions of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration and the ratio of Ti (mmol) to clay (g) (mmol Ti/g clay). SEM and HR‐TEM morphologies revealed that Laponite and TiO2tended to form a uniform and regular microstructure like peasecod in poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) matrix due to the synergistic effect between electrostatic interaction and covalent interaction when the concentration of NaOH used in TiO2hydrosol increased to 1 × 10−1mol/L. This homogeneous microstructure enhanced mechanical properties of hydrogel. The compression strength, modulus and fracture energy reached 2,107 kPa, 247 kPa, and 1,837 J/m2, respectively. The gels exhibited excellent fatigue resistance and good UV protective performance. It might have potential application in optical materials, wound dressing materials and tissue engineering scaffolds. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E466–E475, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Specific Isolation of Glycoproteins with Mesoporous Zirconia‐Polyoxometalate Hybrid
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Wang Mengmeng , Guo Zhiyong , Guo Pengfei , Chen Xuwei , Wang Jianhua
Published: February 2018

A novel mesoporous zirconia‐polyoxometalate ZrO2‐P8W48 hybrid was prepared using a surfactant‐assisted solvent evaporation technique. The acid–base reaction between the Zr‐OH groups of zirconium oxides and P8W48 was followed by self‐assembly with an amphiphilic triblock copolymer as template to obtain a polyoxometalate‐based hybrid. The ZrO2‐P8W48 hybrid was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermal gravimetric assay (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen sorption/desorption. Owing to the multiple hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the P8W48 moiety and the hydroxyl groups of glycoproteins, the ZrO2‐P8W48 hybrid exhibited highly selective isolation of glycoproteins from complex matrices that included various non‐glycoproteins. The retained glycoproteins could be readily recovered using a 0.01 mol L−1 cetane trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) solution as stripping reagent, with recovery rates of 92, 100, 100, 100, and 74% for the five target glycoproteins, Ovalbumin (Ova), conalbumin (ConA), immunoglobulin G from human serum (IgG), γ‐globulin from bovine milk (γ‐Glo), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), respectively. The ZrO2‐P8W48 hybrid was successfully applied to the isolation of glycoproteins from egg white and human serum samples, as confirmed by SDS‐PAGE and LC‐MS/MS assays.
Palladium Nanoparticle‐Immobilized Porous Polyurethane Material for Quick and Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysis of Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction at Room Temperature
Authors: Dey Sandeep Kumar , Dietrich Dennis , Wegner Susann , Gil‐Hernández Beatriz , Harmalkar Sarvesh Shyam , de Sousa Amadeu Nader , Janiak Christoph
Published: February 2018

Here we report, room temperature heterogeneous catalysis of the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction by a Pd0 nanoparticle‐immobilized porous organic polymer (TPU‐Pd), providing excellent yields (up to 99%) using low catalyst loading. High nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐donor content of triazine‐based porous polyurethane (TPU) makes it an efficient porous polymer for Pd‐immobilization and subsequent heterogeneous catalysis of C–C cross‐coupling reactions. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of TPU‐Pd showed characteristic binding energy peaks of Pd0. Atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed 10.4 wt% of Pd0 in TPU‐Pd, and transmission electron microscopy images showed well‐dispersed and facetted Pd0 nanoparticles of size 5–20 nm. Catalysis of Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction was observed to be completed in 3 h at 25 °C for a wide range of aryl halide substrates with phenylboronic acid, whereas increasing the reaction temperature to 80 °C largely allows decreasing the reaction time to 0.5‐1 h. The porosity and surface area of the catalyst was not affected after catalysis, and the catalyst has been reused for five consecutive runs.
Glutathione Mediated Size‐Tunable UCNPs‐Pt(IV)‐ZnFe2O4 Nanocomposite for Multiple Bioimaging Guided Synergetic Therapy
Authors: Bi Huiting , Dai Yunlu , Yang Piaoping , Xu Jiating , Yang Dan , Gai Shili , He Fei , Liu Bin , Zhong Chongna , An Guanghui , Lin Jun
Published: February 2018

Here a multifunctional nanoplatform (upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)‐platinum(IV) (Pt(IV))‒ZnFe2O4, denoted as UCPZ) is designed for collaborative cancer treatment, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy, and Fenton reaction. In the system, the UCNPs triggered by near‐infrared light can convert low energy photons to high energy ones, which act as the UV–vis source to simultaneously mediate the PDT effect and Fenton's reaction of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the Pt(IV) prodrugs can be reduced to high virulent Pt(II) by glutathione in the cancer cells, which can bond to DNA and inhibit the copy of DNA. The synergistic therapeutic effect is verified in vitro and in vivo results. The cleavage of Pt(IV) from UCNPs during the reduction process can shift the larger UCPZ nanoparticles (NPs) to the smaller ones, which promotes the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) and deep tumor penetration. In addition, due to the inherent upconversion luminescence (UCL) and the doped Yb3+ and Fe3+ in UCPZ, this system can serve as a multimodality bioimaging contrast agent, covering UCL, X‐ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and photoacoustic. A smart all‐in‐one imaging‐guided diagnosis and treatment system is realized, which should have a potential value in the treatment of tumor.
Statistical analysis of spoofing detection based on TDOA
Authors: Zhang Zhenjun , Zhan Xingqun
Published: February 2018

Recently, the vulnerability of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) to spoofing has become more serious. This paper proposes a low‐cost time difference of arrival estimation (TDOAE)‐based spoofing detection system consisting of two individual receivers. The system could be easily deployed and implemented for anti‐spoofing and further research purposes as it is software‐defined and does not require additional hardware support. The TDOAE of a GNSS signal is mathematically formulated and is used for spoofing detection. As shown, in spoofed cases, the TDOAEs of spoofing signals are identical as spoofing signals are transmitted from a common spoofer. By contrast, the TDOAEs of authentic signals are various as they are from various directions. The hypothesis test is proposed based on such a difference in TDOAE. Simulation and real‐data experiments validate the effectiveness of the spoofing detection technique, with 99.99% detection and <0.001% false alarm probabilities. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ribosome engineering and fermentation optimization leads to overproduction of tiancimycin A, a new enediyne natural product from Streptomyces sp. CB03234
Authors: Liu Ling , Pan Jian , Wang Zilong , Yan Xiaohui , Yang Dong , Zhu Xiangcheng , Shen Ben , Duan Yanwen , Huang Yong
Published: February 2018

Tiancimycin (TNM) A, a recently discovered enediyne natural product from Streptomyces sp. CB03234, showed rapid and complete killing of cancer cells and could be used as a payload in antibody drug conjugates. The low yield of TNM A in the wild-type strain promoted us to use ribosome engineering and fermentation optimization for its yield improvement. The Streptomyces sp. CB03234-R-16 mutant strain with a L422P mutation in RpoB, the RNA polymerase β-subunit, was obtained from the rifamycin-resistant screening. After fermentation optimization, the titers of TNM A in Streptomyces sp. CB03234-R-16 reached to 22.5 ± 3.1 mg L−1 in shaking flasks, and 13 ± 1 mg L−1 in 15 L fermentors, which were at least 40-fold higher than that in the wild-type strain (~ 0.3 mg L−1). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed markedly enhanced expression of key genes encoding TNM A biosynthetic enzymes and regulators in Streptomyces sp. CB03234-R-16. Our study should greatly facilitate the future efforts to develop TNM A into a clinical anticancer drug.
Lyapunov exponents of partially hyperbolic volume-preserving maps with 2-dimensional center bundle
Authors: Liang Chao , Marin Karina , Yang Jiagang
Published: February 2018

We consider the set of partially hyperbolic symplectic diffeomorphisms which are accessible, have 2-dimensional center bundle and satisfy some pinching and bunching conditions. In this set, we prove that the non-uniformly hyperbolic maps are

C^{r}

open and there exists a

C^{r}

open and dense subset of continuity points for the center Lyapunov exponents. We also generalize these results to volume-preserving systems.
TRIMAGE: A dedicated trimodality (PET/MR/EEG) imaging tool for schizophrenia
Authors: Del Guerra Alberto , Ahmad Salleh , Avram Mihai , Belcari Nicola , Berneking Arne , Biagi Laura , Bisogni Maria Giuseppina , Brandl Felix , Cabello Jorge , Camarlinghi Niccolò , Cerello Piergiorgio , Choi Chang-Hoon , Coli Silvia , Colpo Sabrina , Fleury Julien , Gagliardi Vito , Giraudo Giuseppe , Heekeren Karsten , Kawohl Wolfram , Kostou Theodora , Lefaucheur Jean-Luc , Lerche Christoph , Loudos George , Morrocchi Matteo , Muller Julien , Mustafa Mona , Neuner Irene , Papadimitroulas Panagiotis , Pennazio Francesco , Rajkumar Ravichandran , Brambilla Cláudia Régio , Rivoire Julien , Kops Elena Rota , Scheins Jürgen , Schimpf Rémy , Shah N. Jon , Sorg Christian , Sportelli Giancarlo , Tosetti Michela , Trinchero Riccardo , Wyss Christine , Ziegler Sibylle ,   TRIMAGE Consortium
Published: February 2018

Simultaneous PET/MR/EEG (Positron Emission Tomography – Magnetic Resonance – Electroencephalography), a new tool for the investigation of neuronal networks in the human brain, is presented here within the framework of the European Union Project TRIMAGE. The trimodal, cost-effective PET/MR/EEG imaging tool makes use of cutting edge technology both in PET and in MR fields. A novel type of magnet (1.5T, non-cryogenic) has been built together with a PET scanner that makes use of the most advanced photodetectors (i.e., SiPM matrices), scintillators matrices (LYSO) and digital electronics. The combined PET/MR/EEG system is dedicated to brain imaging and has an inner diameter of 260 mm and an axial Field-of-View of 160 mm.

It enables the acquisition and assessment of molecular metabolic information with high spatial and temporal resolution in a given brain simultaneously. The dopaminergic system and the glutamatergic system in schizophrenic patients are investigated via PET, the same physiological/pathophysiological conditions with regard to functional connectivity, via fMRI, and its electrophysiological signature via EEG. In addition to basic neuroscience questions addressing neurovascular-metabolic coupling, this new methodology lays the foundation for individual physiological and pathological fingerprints for a wide research field addressing healthy aging, gender effects, plasticity and different psychiatric and neurological diseases.

The preliminary performances of two components of the imaging tool (PET and MR) are discussed. Initial results of the search of possible candidates for suitable schizophrenia biomarkers are also presented as obtained with PET/MR systems available to the collaboration.
Socially responsible supply chains in emerging markets: Some research opportunities
Authors: Tang Christopher S.
Published: February 2018

This article seeks to provide research opportunities in “socially responsible supply chains”. I first provide some background and context from the wider literature. Then I outline case studies in emerging countries where large companies engage the poor as producers and the poor as distributors. Next, I discuss different research topics arising from socially responsible supply chains.
Group Homes for Children and Young People: The Problem Not the Solution
Authors: Ainsworth Frank , Hansen Patricia
Published: February 2018

In every state and territory in Australia, child welfare departments, under various names, maintain or, alternatively, fund group homes for children and young people in the non-government sector. Increasingly, these group homes offer only four places with no integrated treatment or educational services. In that respect they can best be viewed as providing care and accommodation only. Since 2010, following the release of a definition of therapeutic residential care by the National Therapeutic Residential Care Work Group, there has been debate about how to make group homes therapeutic. In 2017, as part of a wider reform effort, New South Wales renamed all their out-of-home care (foster care and residential care) as intensive therapeutic care and ceased using the term residential. The net result is that the group homes in New South Wales will from now on be referred to as intensive therapeutic care homes. This article raises questions about the utility of this renaming and explores whether or not group homes can be therapeutic given the characteristics of the population of children and young people they accommodate, their small size, the staffing complement and the limited job satisfaction with high staff turnover as a consequence of this smallness. All of these factors lead to the well-documented, anti-therapeutic instability of the group home life space.
A Culture of Neglect: A Study in Indonesian Court Judgements Regarding Victims of Domestic Violence
Authors: Abdurrachman Hamidah
Published: February 2018

The United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Treatment of Offenders treats domestic violence as a serious offence that affects groups of vulnerable populations, such as children, women and ethnic minorities. In Indonesia, the National Commission on Violence Against Women notes that in 2015 alone, there are recorded reports of 11,207 cases of domestic violence and 60% of those cases are violence against spouses, especially wives. However, many studies that have been done on domestic violence tend to take an indirect route towards reformation in the criminal justice system. This study tries to address some major obstacles to establish a more responsive criminal justice system in handling domestic violence cases. Through a qualitative analysis with statute and case approaches of Indonesian court judgements, this study analyses the system’s way of protecting/neglecting victims’ rights. There are four main obstacles to be discussed. First, many judges still regard domestic violence as a less serious offence, especially in regard to psychological intimidation. Second, punishment for the perpretators is quite moderate compared with the sufferings of the victims. Third, victims are only regarded in court as witnesses and denied their rights as victims. Fourth, there is a kind of social resistance from the community to report domestic violence as a crime. In sum, these obstacles illustrate a culture of neglect that is continuously reinforced by the community and the criminal justice system towards the victims’ physical and mental sufferings in the case of domestic violence.
Elder Abuse and Elder Victimization: A Sociological Analysis
Authors: Vardhan Ranjay
Published: February 2018

India is home to one out of every 10 senior citizens of the world. According to the 2011 Census, 8.6% of people are aged above 60 years. A number of cases of elder abuse have been reported in the mass media as these people are easy victims of violence and criminal activities. Society comes to know about only those problems which are reported. Innumerable cases of disrespect and neglect are not given any consideration. The situation becomes even worse when perpetrators are very near relatives and in some cases blood relatives also. To overcome the problem a law, the “Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act”, was passed in 2007. Based on primary data, the present paper will attempt to study the problems of the elderly with focus on gender, their abuse and victimization. The paper concludes that the majority of elders, especially those with little or no source of income, reside with their families and face abuse and victimization. Those who have a regular source of income face less abuse. To maintain confidentiality of family matters, elderly persons often do not report such crimes and undergo trauma.
The Infectious Disease Network (IDN): Development and Use for Evaluation of Potential Ebola Cases in Georgia
Authors: Turner Alezandria K. , Wages Robert K. , Nadeau Kelly , Edison Laura , Prince Peki F. , Doss Earnest R. , Drenzek Cherie , O’Neal Patrick
Published: February 2018

In response to the 2014 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa, the Georgia Department of Public Health developed the Infectious Disease Network (IDN) based on an EVD preparedness needs assessment of hospitals and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers. The network consists of 12 hospitals and 16 EMS providers with staff specially trained to provide a coordinated response and utilize appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for the transport or treatment of a suspected or confirmed serious communicable disease patient. To become a part of the network, each hospital and EMS provider had to demonstrate EVD capabilities in areas such as infection control, PPE, waste management, staffing and ongoing training, and patient transport and placement. To establish the network, the Georgia Department of Public Health provided training and equipment for EMS personnel, evaluated hospitals for EVD capabilities, structured communication flow, and defined responsibilities among partners. Since March 2015, the IDN has been used to transport, treat, and/or evaluate suspected or confirmed serious communicable disease cases while ensuring health care worker safety. Integrated infectious disease response systems among hospitals and EMS providers are critical to ensuring health care worker safety, and preventing or mitigating a serious communicable disease outbreak. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:765-771)
Indigenous entrepreneurship on customary land in the Pacific: Measuring sustainability
Authors: Scheyvens Regina , Banks Glenn , Meo-Sewabu Litea , Decena Tracy
Published: February 2018

Customary land is commonly perceived as a barrier to economic development and indigenous entrepreneurship in Pacific Island countries. We turn this proposition on its head, arguing that customary land provides a solid foundation for indigenous entrepreneurs who wish to achieve social, cultural and environmental, as well as economic, goals for their businesses. Furthermore, we assert that appropriate tools are needed to measure the success of indigenous businesses on customary land, as conventional tools have a narrow focus on economics that fails to capture the more holistic, sustainable development goals that indigenous people hope to achieve through their businesses. The indicators we utilise relate to socio-cultural, economic and environmental sustainability. The tool’s usefulness was scrutinized through pre-testing on two indigenous businesses in Fiji; this revealed that culturally oriented tools are essential if the sustainability of indigenous business is to be measured in terms that are meaningful to Pacific communities.
A brief history of antidepressant drug development: from tricyclics to beyond ketamine
Authors: Pereira Vitor Silva , Hiroaki-Sato Vinícius Antonio
Published: February 2018

Objective

Although monoaminergic-targeted drugs have prompted great advances in the development of treatments for depression, the need for new options persists, since these drugs still have a delayed clinical effect and most patients do not respond properly to them. Recently, the observation of the antidepressant effects of ketamine brought on a new wave of studies regarding the comprehension of the neurobiology of depression and the development of new and more effective antidepressant drugs.

Methods

Thus, in this paper, we present a historical review of the development of monoaminergic antidepressant drugs and the role of ketamine as the introductory agent of a new era in the research of the neurobiology of depression.

Results

Firstly, we review how the pharmacological treatment for major depression started, and we point out the main drugs discovered, the researchers involved, and how the studies developed have contributed to the understanding of the neurobiology of depression. Secondly, the major problems regarding the clinical efficacy and acceptance of these drugs are discussed, and the introduction of the glutamatergic system as a target for antidepressant drugs is presented. Finally, we review how ketamine revealed itself as an exciting option towards obtaining pharmacological agents to treat depression, through the understanding of biological markers.

Discussion

Ketamine contributed to confirm that different targets of the glutamatergic system and neurotrophic pathways are strictly related to the neurobiology of depression. There are several antidepressant drugs based on ketamine’s mechanism of action already in the pipeline, and glutamatergic-targeted antidepressants may be on the market in the near future.
Maximal Ideals in Some Spaces of Bounded Linear Operators
Authors: Leung Denny H.
Published: February 2018

We add to the list of Banach spaces X for which it is known that the space of bounded linear operators on X has a unique maximal ideal. In particular, the result holds if X is a subsymmetric direct sum of ℓp or of the Schlumprecht space S. We also show that two recently identified ideals in L(Jp), where Jp is the pth James space, each contains a unique maximal ideal.
The Enemy of the Good: Supererogation and Requiring Perfection
Authors: BENN CLAIRE
Published: February 2018

Moral theories that demand that we do what is morally best leave no room for the supererogatory. One argument against such theories is that they fail to realize the value of autonomy: supererogatory acts allow for the exercise of autonomy because their omissions are not accompanied by any threats of sanctions, unlike obligatory ones. While this argument fails, I use the distinction it draws – between omissions of obligatory and supererogatory acts in terms of appropriate sanctions – to draw a parallel with psychological perfectionism. Through this parallel, I demonstrate thatrequiringwhat is morally best is in fact counter-productive. Thus, by its own lights, a theory that wants us to do what is best ought at the very least to tell us to believe that some actions are supererogatory. As the old adage goes, the best is the enemy of the good; I argue here that the supererogatory is the solution.
Disparities in plain, tap and bottled water consumption among US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2014
Authors: Rosinger Asher Y , Herrick Kirsten A , Wutich Amber Y , Yoder Jonathan S , Ogden Cynthia L
Published: February 2018

Objective

Differences in bottled v. tap water intake may provide insights into health disparities, like risk of dental caries and inadequate hydration. We examined differences in plain, tap and bottled water consumption among US adults by sociodemographic characteristics.

Design

Cross-sectional analysis. We used 24 h dietary recall data to test differences in percentage consuming the water sources and mean intake between groups using Wald tests and multiple logistic and linear regression models.

Setting

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007–2014.

Subjects

A nationally representative sample of 20 676 adults aged ≥20 years.

Results

In 2011–2014, 81·4 (se 0·6) % of adults drank plain water (sum of tap and bottled), 55·2 (se 1·4) % drank tap water and 33·4 (se 1·4) % drank bottled water on a given day. Adjusting for covariates, non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic adults had 0·44 (95 % CI 0·37, 0·53) and 0·55 (95 % CI 0·45, 0·66) times the odds of consuming tap water, and consumed B=−330 (se 45) ml and B=−180 (se 45) ml less tap water than NH White adults, respectively. NH Black, Hispanic and adults born outside the fifty US states or Washington, DC had 2·20 (95 % CI 1·79, 2·69), 2·37 (95 % CI 1·91, 2·94) and 1·46 (95 % CI 1·19, 1·79) times the odds of consuming bottled water than their NH White and US-born counterparts. In 2007–2010, water filtration was associated with higher odds of drinking plain and tap water.

Conclusions

While most US adults consumed plain water, the source (i.e. tap or bottled) and amount differed by race/Hispanic origin, nativity status and education. Water filters may increase tap water consumption.
Validation of a picture book to be used in a pan-European dietary survey
Authors: Vilela Sofia , Lopes Carla , Guiomar Sofia , Severo Milton , Rangelova Lalka , Petrova Stefka , Horváth Zuszsanna , Cseh Júlia , Schweter Antje , Lindtner Oliver , Ambrus Árpád , Torres Duarte
Published: February 2018

Objective

To validate a picture book for estimation of food portion sizes using two approaches: (i) ‘perception’ of food portions by comparison with a series of food photos; and (ii) ‘conceptualization and memory’, using the same photos to estimate the amount of served food one hour after self-served food portions.

Design

Each partner developed a country-specific picture book based on the so-called EPIC-Soft picture book. Representative and common photo series were chosen achieving approximately 25 % of the original picture book (n23). Three portions from each photo series were randomly selected.

Setting

The study was performed within the Pilot study in the view of a Pan-European dietary survey – Adolescents, adults and elderly (PILOT-PANEU) project.

Subjects

A sample of adolescents and adults was recruited in five countries: Bulgaria (n103), Finland (n34), Germany (n69), Hungary (n62) and Portugal (n77).

Results

Among the portions of the corresponding photo series and depending on the type of food, from 18 % (cheese) to 96 % (ratatouille) of participants chose the correct portions. In the perception study, agreement between the portions shown and reported was substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0·805) and the mean difference was very low. In the memory study, agreement between the served and reported portions was lower than in the perception study (ICC=0·536). Agreement also seemed to decrease as the appearance of food on the plate differed from food in the picture.

Conclusions

Overall, the picture series selected can be applied in future intake surveys to quantify foods similar to those depicted in the pictures.
How cover crop residue management and herbicide rate affect weed management and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) crop
Authors: Langeroodi Alireza Safahani , Radicetti Emanuele , Campiglia Enio
Published: February 2018

In the conventional cropping systems, increased costs and resource pollution are attributed to the intensive use of chemical inputs. The adoption of cover crops could be a part of a suitable strategy for improving the sustainability of the agro-ecosystems due to their ability to affect nutrient and weed management. A 2-yr field experiments were conducted in Gorgan, North of Iran, with the aim of assessing the effect of cover crop residue management and herbicide rates on weed management and the yield of tomato crop. The treatments consisted in: (a) three winter soil management: two cover crops [annual medic (Medicago scutellata L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)] and no covered soil; (b) two soil tillage (no-tillage, where cover crop residues were left in strips on the soil surface, and conventional tillage, where cover crop residues were green manured at 30 cm of soil depth); and (c) three pre-emergence herbicide rates (no-herbicide application, half rate recommended or full rate recommended ). Cover crops were sown in early September and mechanically suppressed in March about 2 weeks before tomato transplanting. At cover crop suppression, annual medic showed the highest aboveground biomass [569 g m−2 of dry matter (DM)], while barley showed the lowest weed content (32 g m−2 of DM). At tomato harvesting, weed density and aboveground biomass ranged from 6.9 to 61.5 plants m−2 and from 33.6 and 1157.0 g m−2 of DM, respectively. Cover crop residues placed on soil surface suppressed weeds more effectively than incorporated residues, especially in barley, mainly due to the physical barrier of residues which reduced the stimulation of weed germination and establishment. As expected, herbicide rate decreased both weed density and biomass, even if the adoption of annual medic and barley cover crops before the tomato cultivation could allow a possible reduction of herbicide rate while maintaining similar fruit yield. Tomato yield was higher in annual medic than barley and no cover regardless of tillage management (on average 62.3, 51.8 and 50.1 t ha−1 of fresh matter, respectively) probably due to an abundant availability of soil nitrogen throughout the tomato cultivation. This was confirmed by high and constant values of tomato N status grown in annual medic and evaluated using SPAD chlorophyll meter. Although further research of cover crop residue management is required to obtain a better understanding on herbicide rate reduction, these preliminary results could be extended to other vegetable crops which have similar requirements of tomato.
Maternal verbally aggressive behavior in early infancy is associated with blood pressure at age 5–6
Authors: Smarius L. J. C. A. , Strieder T. G. A. , Doreleijers T. A. H. , Vrijkotte T. G. M. , de Rooij S. R.
Published: February 2018

Early life stress has been shown to contribute to alterations in biobehavioral regulation. Whereas many different forms of childhood adversities have been studied in relation to cardiovascular outcomes, very little is known about potential associations between caregivers’ verbally aggressive behavior and heart rate and blood pressure in the child. This prospective study examined whether maternal verbally aggressive behavior in early infancy is associated with heart rate or blood pressure at age 5–6. In the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study, a large prospective, population-based birth cohort, maternal verbally aggressive behavior was assessed by questionnaire in the 13th week after birth. The child’s blood pressure and heart rate were measured during rest at age 5–6 (n=2553 included). Maternal verbally aggressive behavior in infancy was associated with a higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) both in supine and sitting position after adjustment for sex, height and age (SBP supine B=1.01 mmHg; 95% CI [0.06; 1.95] and SPB sitting B=1.29 mmHg; 95% CI [0.12; 2.46]). Adjustment for potential confounding variables, such as other mother–infant dyad aspects, family hypertension and child’s BMI, only slightly attenuated the associations (SBP supine B=0.99 mmHg; 95% CI [0.06; 1.93] and SPB sitting B=1.11 mmHg; 95% CI [−0.06; 2.27]). Maternal verbally aggressive behavior was not associated with diastolic blood pressure or heart rate at age 5–6. Maternal verbally aggressive behavior might be an important early life stressor with negative impact on blood pressure later in life, which should be further investigated. Possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.
Effect of Temperature on Clopyralid Safety in Strawberry
Authors: Sharpe Shaun M. , Boyd Nathan S. , Dittmar Peter J. , MacDonald Greg E. , Darnell Rebecca L.
Published: February 2018

Strawberry is an important horticultural crop in Florida. The long growing season and escapes from fumigation and PRE herbicides necessitate POST weed management to maximize harvest potential and efficiency. Alternatives to hand-weeding are desirable, but clopyralid is the only broadleaf herbicide registered for use. Weed control may be improved by early-season clopyralid applications, but at risk of high temperature and increased strawberry injury. The effect of temperature on clopyralid safety on strawberry is unknown. We undertook a growth chamber experiment using a completely randomized design to determine crop safety under various temperature conditions across acclimation, herbicide application, and post-application periods. There was no effect of clopyralid on the number of strawberry leaves across all temperatures. Damage to the strawberry manifested as leaf malformations. Acclimation temperatures affected clopyralid-associated injury (p=0.0309), with increased leaf malformations at higher temperatures (27 C) compared to lower (18 C) temperatures. Pre-treatment temperatures did not affect clopyralid injury. Post-application temperature also affected clopyralid injury (p=0.0161), with increased leaf malformations at higher temperatures compared to lower ones. Clopyralid application did not reduce flowering or biomass production in the growth chamber. If leaf malformations are to be avoided, consideration to growing conditions prior to application is advisable, especially if applying clopyralid early in the season.