bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ice roughness estimation via remotely piloted aircraft and photogrammetry
Authors: Ehrman James , Clark Shawn , Wall Alexander
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The monitoring of fluvial ice covers can be time intensive, dangerous, and costly if detailed data are required. Ice covers on a river surface cause resistance to water flow, which increases upstream water levels. Ice with a higher degree of roughness causes increased flow resistance and therefore even higher upstream water levels. Aerial images collected via remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) were processed with structure from motion photogrammetry to create a digital elevation model (DEM) and then produce quantitative measurements of surface ice roughness. Images and surface ice roughness values were collected over 2 years on the Dauphin River in Manitoba, Canada. It was hypothesized that surface ice roughness would be indicative of subsurface ice roughness. This hypothesis was tested by comparing RPA-measured surface ice roughness values to those predicted by the Nezhikhovskiy equation, wherein subsurface ice roughness is proportional to ice thickness. Various statistical metrics were used to represent the roughness height of the DEMs. Strong trends were identified in the comparison of RPA-measured ice surface roughness to subsurface ice roughness values predicted by the Nezhikhovskiy equation, as well as with comparisons to ice thickness. The standard deviation and interquartile range of roughness heights were determined to be the most representative statistical metrics and several properties of the DEMs of fluvial ice covers were calculated and observed. No DEMs were found to be normally distributed. This first attempt at using RPA-derived measurements of surface ice roughness to estimate river ice flow resistance is shown to have considerable potential and will hopefully be verified and improved upon by subsequent measurements on a wide variety of rivers and ice covers.
The Holocene dynamics of Ryder Glacier and ice tongue in north Greenland
Authors: O'Regan Matt , Cronin Thomas M. , Reilly Brendan , Alstrup Aage Kristian Olsen , Gemery Laura , Golub Anna , Mayer Larry A. , Morlighem Mathieu , Moros Matthias , Munk Ole L. , Nilsson Johan , Pearce Christof , Detlef Henrieka , Stranne Christian , Vermassen Flor , West Gabriel , Jakobsson Martin
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The northern sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet is considered to be
particularly susceptible to ice mass loss arising from increased glacier
discharge in the coming decades. However, the past extent and dynamics of
outlet glaciers in this region, and hence their vulnerability to climate
change, are poorly documented. In the summer of 2019, the Swedish icebreaker
Oden entered the previously unchartered waters of Sherard Osborn Fjord, where
Ryder Glacier drains approximately 2 % of Greenland's ice sheet into the
Lincoln Sea. Here we reconstruct the Holocene dynamics of Ryder Glacier and
its ice tongue by combining radiocarbon dating with sedimentary facies
analyses along a 45 km transect of marine sediment cores collected between
the modern ice tongue margin and the mouth of the fjord. The results
illustrate that Ryder Glacier retreated from a grounded position at the
fjord mouth during the Early Holocene (> 10.7±0.4 ka cal BP) and receded more than 120 km to the end of Sherard Osborn Fjord by the
Middle Holocene (6.3±0.3 ka cal BP), likely becoming completely
land-based. A re-advance of Ryder Glacier occurred in the Late Holocene,
becoming marine-based around 3.9±0.4 ka cal BP. An ice tongue,
similar in extent to its current position was established in the Late
Holocene (between 3.6±0.4 and 2.9±0.4 ka cal BP) and
extended to its maximum historical position near the fjord mouth around 0.9±0.3 ka cal BP. Laminated, clast-poor sediments were deposited during
the entire retreat and regrowth phases, suggesting the persistence of an ice
tongue that only collapsed when the glacier retreated behind a prominent
topographic high at the landward end of the fjord. Sherard Osborn Fjord
narrows inland, is constrained by steep-sided cliffs, contains a number of
bathymetric pinning points that also shield the modern ice tongue and
grounding zone from warm Atlantic waters, and has a shallowing inland
sub-ice topography. These features are conducive to glacier stability and
can explain the persistence of Ryder's ice tongue while the glacier remained
marine-based. However, the physiography of the fjord did not halt the
dramatic retreat of Ryder Glacier under the relatively mild changes in
climate forcing during the Holocene. Presently, Ryder Glacier is grounded
more than 40 km seaward of its inferred position during the Middle Holocene,
highlighting the potential for substantial retreat in response to ongoing
climate change.
Mediterranean cyclones: Current knowledge and open questions on dynamics, prediction, climatology and impacts
Authors: Flaounas Emmanouil , Davolio Silvio , Raveh-Rubin Shira , Pantillon Florian , Miglietta Mario Marcello , Gaertner Μiguel Angel , Hatzaki Maria , Homar Victor , Khodayar Samira , Korres Gerasimos , Kotroni Vassiliki , Kushta Jonilda , Reale Marco , Ricard Didier
Published: August 2021

Abstract. A large number of intense cyclones occur every year in the Mediterranean basin, one of the climate change hotspots. Producing a broad range of severe socio-economic and environmental impacts in such a densely populated region, Mediterranean cyclones call for coordinated and interdisciplinary research efforts. This article aims at supporting these efforts by reviewing the status of knowledge in the broad field of Mediterranean cyclones. First, we focus on the dynamics and atmospheric processes that govern the genesis and development of Mediterranean cyclones. Then, we review the state of the art in forecasting cyclones and relevant high-impact weather. Particular attention is given to Mediterranean cyclone tracks and their physical characteristics in current and future climate. Finally, we focus on the impacts produced by cyclones and we outline the future directions of research that would advance the broader field of Mediterranean cyclones as a whole.
Indigenous Backstage Pass
Authors: Te Punga Somerville Alice
Published: August 2021

In her poem "from turtle island to aotearoa," Anishinaabeg writer Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm writes about travelling to the other side of the world and finding ways to connect. For my part, I have taken the ‘reverse’ journey many times from Aotearoa to Turtle Island, and the poem has both nudged and nurtured my thinking about the promises and limits of Indigenous-Indigenous connections. In Indigenous Studies, we have made really important claims about the need to research our own people, and the limits of work conducted by outsiders. In this article, I reflect on the conundrum of being an Indigenous outsider in much of my current research project in which I, as a Māori scholar, engage the works of Māori writers alongside Indigenous writings from Australia, Fiji and Hawai'i. How does working in Indigenous Studies as a discipline shape my approach to researching others? Does being an Indigenous researcher give me a backstage pass?
Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant Organism in Septic Bursitis with the Majority Involving the Olecranon Bursa: A Study of 65 Cases
Authors: Kannangara Don Walter , Pandya Dhyanesh
Published: August 2021

Bursae are fluid filled structures between mobile parts of the musculoskeletal system to reduce friction by lubrication. Repeated trauma to bursae results in bursitis which are usually aseptic initially, which may be followed by infection. Many cases are related to occupational or recreational activities. We present an analysis of cases of Staphylococcus aureus septic bursitis admitted to 10 hospitals over a 3-year period. The olecranon bursa was the most common site involved 42/65 (64.6%) followed by prepatellar bursa 17/65 (26.1%). The mean age was 61.2 years. Fifty five out of Sixty-five (84.6%) were male. The majority were caused by methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 52/65 (80%). The occupational history was missing for most patients. The occupations reported in few of the patient charts were floor worker, construction worker and roofer. Sixty one out of sixty-five (92.4%) of cases involved the elbow and knee. Avoidance of activities that result in repeated friction or trauma to elbows and knees would prevent majority of cases of septic bursitis.
Budesonide-Formoterol as Needed for The Treatment of Mild Persistent Asthma
Authors: Walsh Emily B. , Forinash Alicia B. , Stauffer Rebecca L. , Yancey Abigail , Crannage Erica F. , Mahan Kristin , Bollmeier Suzanne G.
Published: August 2021

Objective: To summarize literature assessing the safety and efficacy of budesonide/formoterol, a low dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting beta agonist (LABA) used as needed for the treatment of adult patients with mild persistent asthma requiring step 2 therapy compared to low dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) plus short-acting beta agonist (SABA) and SABA monotherapy. Data Sources: A literature search of PubMed (1966-October 2020), EMBASE (1973-October 2020) and clinicaltrials.gov was conducted using the following search terms: budesonide, formoterol, as needed, and mild asthma. Study selection and data extraction: Randomized, controlled trials with data describing as needed use of budesonide-formoterol in the treatment of mild, persistent asthma were included. Data synthesis: Current trials demonstrate a reduced risk of exacerbation and an improvement in symptom control in patients receiving budesonide/formoterol as needed when compared to as needed SABA alone. However, when compared to scheduled budesonide maintenance, patients receiving budesonide/formoterol as needed experienced worse symptom control and mixed exacerbation results. Relevance to patient care and clinical practice: This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol as needed for patients with mild asthma. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), a global strategy for asthma management and prevention adopted this change in 2019, and the most recent updated Expert Panel Report 4 of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) did not address this area. Conclusions: Based on this review of the literature, further study is needed to determine the place in therapy for budesonide/formoterol as needed in the treatment of mild persistent asthma. Low-dose ICS should remain the standard of therapy in patients with mild asthma requiring Step 2 therapy.
Pedagogias culturais e proposições pedagógicas: Experimentações artísticas com crianças do tempo presente
Authors: Freisleben Jéssica Maria , Dalla Valle Lutiere , Cassol Márcia Silveira
Published: August 2021

: Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar experimentações artísticas com crianças a partir de quatro proposições desenvolvidas em distintos espaços educativos na cidade de Santa Maria - RS. As perspectivas educativas da cultura visual, respaldada por Raimundo Martins (2011), emaranhada pelas reflexões de Susana Rangel Vieira da Cunha (2010, 2014, 2017), e da bricolagem (KINCHELOE; BERRY, 2007) compõem o campo teórico-metodológico que busca problematizar produções gráficas infantis entrelaçadas por seus repertórios visuais. Dessa maneira, a escrita aborda modos de propor e refletir a experiência do fazer artístico com crianças, estimulando seu protagonismo a partir da potência pedagógica das narrativas visuais que habitam seus imaginários. Os resultados apresentados enredados pelo referencial teórico oferecem pistas para seguirmos investigando e propondo o campo das pedagogias culturais como alternativa às práticas pedagógicas.
Current State and Future Possibilities in Liver Transplantation
Authors:   Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany, Rademacher Sebastian , Aehling Niklas ,   Department of Medicine II, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany, Sucher Robert ,   Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany, Berg Thomas ,   Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany, Seehofer Daniel ,   Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
Published: August 2021

Due to medical and surgical progress, liver transplantation (LT) is is nowadays a routine treatment for terminal liver failure and hepatic malignancies. However, in recent years there has been a change in the indications for LT. Especially in western industrialized countries, the use of LT for chronic hepatis B and hepatitis C cirrhosis is continuously decreasing since the introduction of effective antiviral drugs. Liver cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis are now among the leading indications for LT. Due to tremendous progress in oncology, immunology, and technical aspects, multidisciplinary cancer treatment increasingly includes LT for non-HCC hepatobiliary malignancies. Excellent 5-year survival rates of 75 to 80% can now be achieved after LT. However, in patients with liver cirrhosis, the implementation of a ‘sickest first’ principle for liver allocation has led to an increasing number of critically ill patients undergoing liver transplantation. This results in an increased morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation. Moreover, donor characteristics have markedly shifted to less ideal grafts due to an increasing shortage of donor organs in many countries. In this context, normothermic machine perfusion with oxygenated blood components using pulsatile flow has been shown to reduce liver damage despite a prolonged preservation time and might be able to provide viability testing for otherwise discarded organs. With favorable donor and recipient conditions, excellent long-term results can be obtained with a 10-year survival rate of close to 70%. However, in patients with a high MELD score (>30), survival rates markedly decrease by 12-18%. Future research should focus on optimization of organ allocation, optimization of immunosuppression including tolerance induction, and on increasing the donor organ pool to further improve and the numbers of successful LT.
HAKARET SUÇUNDA İSNADIN İSPATI HAKKININ HUKUKİ NİTELİĞİ
Authors: KARATEPE Numan , TULAY Muhammed Emre
Published: August 2021

5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 127. maddesinde, failin hakaret suçu dolayısıyla sorumlu tutulamayacağı hallerden olan ve yalnızca hakaret suçuna özgü olarak öngörülmüş olan isnadın ispatı hakkı düzenlenmiştir. Anayasa’nın 39. maddesi ve Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 127. maddesinde düzenlenen ispat hakkının kullanılması halinde, kişilerin normatif düzenlemede yer alan belirli şartların gerçekleşmesiyle birlikte hakaret suçu dolayısıyla sorumlu tutulamayacağı ve ceza almayacağı belirtilmiştir. Doktrinde, isnadın ispatı hakkını bir hukuka uygunluk hali olarak değerlendiren görüşler olduğu gibi, isnadın ispatının hakaret suçuna özgür bir şahsi cezasızlık sebebi olduğunu ileri süren görüşler de bulunmaktadır. İsnadın ispatı halinde, failin hakaret suçu bakımından sorumlu tutulamayacağı hususunda doktrindeki görüşler ortak olsa da, doktrinde isnadın ispatının hukuki niteliğine dair kabul edilen farklı görüşlere göre; fail hakkında hakaret suçu nedeniyle yürütülen kovuşturma sonucunda kurulacak hükmün niteliği ve failin özel hukuk hükümleri uyarınca tazminat sorumluluğu, kabul edilen görüşün niteliğine göre farklılık göstermektedir. Çalışmamızda, isnadın ispatının hukuki niteliği doktrindeki görüşler uyarınca tespit edilecektir.
SEED PRIMING IMPROVES THE GERMINATION AND EARLY GROWTH OF TURNIP SEEDLINGS UNDER SALINITY STRESS2
Authors: MOHAMMED Samar Jasim , NULIT Rosimah
Published: August 2021

An experiment was conducted to enhance the turnip seed performance under salinity stress conditions. The impact of priming with an optimized dosage (5 g/l) of KCl and NaCl had been evaluated for enhancing seedling vigor and salt stress tolerance in seedlings of the turnip. Seeds prepared with (5 g/l) of KCl and NaCl solutions were examined at different salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200)mM of NaCl concerning the early growth stage. The data were analyzed using SPSS windows version 23 (one way ANOVA p ≤ 0.05) to determine the significant difference between treatments and followed Duncan test, p 0.05 for means comparison. The results have shown that priming with KCl and NaCl were effective in reducing the adverse effects of salinity. A significant (P 0.05) increase in germination percentage, seed vigor, hypocotyl and radicle length, salt tolerance, and dry weight of the seedlings of seed that priming with (5 g/l) of KCl and NaCl compared to nonprimed seeds was recorded. On the other hand, In this experiment, it was concluded that seed priming with KCl and NaCl had been discovered to be better treatment, especially in the high concentration of salts as compared to non-primed seeds in case of turnip for rising the seeds vigor and seedling growth under salt-stressed conditions.
CHANGES IN THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CHESTNUT SOILS IN WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE GRAZING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: NASIYEV Beybit , BEKKALIYEV Askhat , ZHANATALAPOV Nurbolat , SHIBAIKIN Vladimir , YELESHEV Rakhimzhan
Published: August 2021

Managing pasture resources of Western Kazakhstan is complicated due to the deterioration of the physicochemical parameters of soils, manifesting degradation, and alkalinization as a result of intensive grazing. The research has been aimed at studying the technology of cattle grazing for preserving the physicochemical parameters of soils and increasing the efficiency of pasture use. The assessment and statistical analysis of physicochemical indicators of soils were carried out with standard methods during 2018 – 2019, which allowed identifying the most optimal grazing technology. The results of the research showed that under the influence of intensive grazing, physicochemical parameters worsened, a decrease in the humus reserves by 10.88-12.35% was detected, soil degraded to the third degree, and became alkaline as a result of the increase in exchangeable sodium to 1.65 cmol (equiv.)/kg. The technology of moderate cattle grazing favorably affects the physicochemical parameters of the soils of pasture ecosystems. The chestnut soils of the pastures, where moderate grazing technology was applied, remained resistant to degradation and salinization. With this technology, the soil humus was reliably preserved at the level of 1.15-2.50%, mobile phosphorus was within the optimal range of 0.87-1.60 mg/100 g. It has been concluded that it is important to use the technology of moderate cattle grazing to improve the management of pasture resources, which is the scientific novelty of the research.
COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES, AND USE OF SECONDARY RESOURCES AS ORGANIC SOIL FERTILIZERS
Authors: ASYLBAEV Ilgiz , NIGMATZYANOV Almas , KHABIROV Ilgiz , SERGEEV Vladislav , KURMASHEVA Nadezhda
Published: August 2021

The paper discusses reserves of secondary raw materials, local organic fertilizers, and ameliorants (peat, sapropel, phosphogypsum, phosphorites, lignite coals, zeolites, gypsum, limestone) in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The effect of phosphogypsum and poultry manure on soil fertility and potato yields is studied. The use of gypsum to improve soil has been studied and used in agriculture and environmental restoration for many years. Most of the published literature is devoted to the influence of the use of gypsum on soil properties and not on yield. The paper presents the results of a field experiment on the use of phosphogypsum together with poultry waste, with detailed documentation of changes in the microelement composition of soils, the mode of precipitation, and the total yield after fertilizing. The results of the given work will be useful in determining gypsum application norms; there are also recommendations for future research on the use of gypsum for soil improvement. The yield improvement may be the result of an additive or synergistic effect; therefore, a meta-analysis of gypsum experiments is strongly recommended to improve recommendations for the use of gypsum in various environments. The optimal application rates of secondary raw materials are found. The soil humus сontent improves, and potato yield increases from 13.9 to 75.7 С/ha when phosphogypsum is applied separately and in combination with poultry litter. There is the nutritional value of the poultry manure, with the main elements as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Phosphogypsum is characterized with high content of strontium (14691 mg/kg) and rare earth elements (cerium – 1358 mg/kg, praseodymium – 123.9 mg/kg, neodymium – 418.5 mg/kg, samarium – 77.5 mg/kg, europium – 19.9 mg/kg, gadolinium – 58.9 mg/kg, terbium – 6.91 mg/kg and dysprosium – 25 mg/kg). The content of total element forms in phosphogypsum was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IPC-MS) using a VG Plasma Quad and Elan-6100 mass spectrometer.
MODELING AND PROVING OF DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF TREATMENT FACILITY OF OIL AND WATER
Authors: LEKOMTSEV Alexander Viktorovich , ILIUSHIN Pavel Yurjevich , KOROBOV Grigory Yurievich
Published: August 2021

The problem with preparing high-quality petroleum products is that it produces water for reuse and injection into the reservoir under conditions of limited facility capacity. This is a relevant issue in the oil and gas sector. Thus, the objective of this research was to develop an approach to justify project decisions during the reconstruction of the Preliminary Water Discharge Unit. The article considers the issue of modeling design solutions for the restoration of the preliminary water discharge unit (Perm region) with a mobile unit. The main industrial tasks are to reduce the water cut of the product and the volume of ballast pumping in the Oil Preparation Unit (OPU) to provide the quality of the background water for injection in the formation meeting the requirements of the industrial standard. The mobile installation is an innovative development and has all the necessary equipment to recreate the production process of the preparation of well products on a scale of approximately 1: 100. The results of the simulation of the well production process showed that it could be achieved 1 % with heating at 30°C in the injection of demulsifiers SNPH-4880, STH-9. The complicated method showed a functional and stable dependence on the temperature and quality indicators of the process in the presence of a demulsifier. During bench tests, values of technical indicators were found that reduced the volume of ballast pumping by an average of 5-6%. Studies of water samples from the outlet of the mobile unit showed the best results when testing the STH-9. The results obtained are of great practical importance, and the method and the special mobile equipment proposed in the article can be used in any oil treatment production plant.
MONITORING OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF IORI RIVER
Authors: KUPATADZE Ketevan
Published: August 2021

The article examines the chemical pollution of the Iori River, one of the most important rivers in Georgia. In addition to Georgia, this river is found in Azerbaijan. The study of this river is crucial as LLC United Water Supply Company of Georgia organizes the water supply of big cities and villages of Georgia through Iori water. Furthermore, the population of two big villages independently uses the river water for various household activities: washing (laundry, products, dishware), livestock watering, and irrigation. They do not use it as drinking water. The water of the Iori River was monitored in two sections: village Sasadilo and village Sartichala. In total, 24 samples were taken over the course of 2018 and 2019 years. Some part of the research was conducted on the site through HI83399-02 | Water Wastewater Multiparameter (with COD) Photometer and pH meter device. These studies included pH, BOD, and the temperature was measured directly during sampling. The same device was used for measuring approximate concentrations of heavy metals. At the next stage of the study, an inhabitants survey was conducted to identify their knowledge of environmental cleanliness and safety concerns. As a result of the study, our recommendation to the population is to refrain or restrict the use of untreated river water directly in domesticities. The results of the survey showed that the population has less information about the likelihood of getting heavy metals in the body and developing tumor diseases.
INTRODUCTION OF RAPID PROTOTYPING IN SOLVING APPLIED PROBLEMS IN PRODUCTION
Authors: BRYKIN Veniamin A.;  ; ; , VOROSHILIN Anton P. , RIPETSKIY Andrey V. , UHOV Petr A.
Published: August 2021

All conveyor lines and machines should work smoothly in order to ensure a well-timed production during production. There are parts and nods, the failure of which leads to the failure of the entire conveyor. It is the delivery time and financial losses due to equipment downtime that make the problem of quick reproduction of the relevant part to replace the original one. In this work, the process of creating a test piece using selective laser fusion (SLS) technology was considered. In this case, the economic efficiency of the fabrication of products depends directly on the effective and correct solution to the problems of technological preparation of additive production. The printed model was tested in direct contact with water for 500 hours. Fatigue tests were performed using 40% primary and 60% secondary powder ratios. To quantify the properties of the material for given geometry, a series of tensile testing of products was carried out. To identify the best ratio of strength, elasticity, and manufacturing cost for testing, samples were offered with different percentages of powder. It was noted that the cost of manufacturing spare parts, tools, and accessories (SPA) using 3D printing depends on many factors. The product geometry determines their volume, and the density of their arrangement in the chamber was recognized as a crucial impact factor. The accumulated experience and analysis of the criteria allowed us to offer several layout options that can lead to a maximum economic effect.
STUDY RESULTS FOR METHODOLOGICAL TRAINING OF TEACHERS OF MATHEMATICS IN CONDITIONS OF INNOVATION
Authors: GAVRILOVA Yekaterina N. , SEITOVA Sabyrkul M. , KOZHASHEVA Gulnar O. , ALDABERGENOVA Aigul O. , KYDYRBAEVA Galiya T.
Published: August 2021

The contemporary stage of education reform puts high demands on teacher training and on mastering the newest teaching techniques and technologies. All over the globe, there is a search for new education systems that are more democratic, diversified and effective from the standpoint of the interests of the individual and society. This requires, on the one hand, new, more efficient ways of organizing the educational process at the university, in particular, reviewing the structure and content of the methodological training of students. On the other hand, the very concept of “professional pedagogical activity of a teacher” is currently undergoing certain changes. This study aimed to identify how effectively will the methodological training of future mathematics teachers increase based on the introduction of innovative techniques and teaching methods and how the methodology of teaching mathematical disciplines in the conditions of innovation may be improved. Two hundred thirteen people took part in the experimental work, including teachers of mathematics and full-time students, undergraduates, doctoral students, as well as young teachers of the university. The results of the ascertaining experiment became the basis for revising the purposes of the methodological and professional training of future mathematics teachers and made it possible conclude on the necessity of improvement of the system-methodological support for teaching mathematical disciplines in higher education. Because of this, the training of a mathematics teacher should form them as a knowledgeable mathematician, as a person with a high pedagogical and general culture, who, by teaching, would educate the younger generation in the spirit of modernity. It can be assumed that the content of courses in a pedagogical university in mathematical disciplines should, for instance, at a modern academic level, cover those matters that the teacher communicates at school.
THE USE OF BIOSTIMULANT FOR INCREASING THE BODY WEIGHT GAIN OF CHICKENS
Authors: DOLININ Ilgiz , BAZEKIN George , SKOVORODIN Evgeny , SHARIPOV Almaz , CHUDOV Ivan
Published: August 2021

Poultry farming holds a special place in ensuring the products that the consumers demand, it provides the population with essential food products,such as eggs and meat,that contain vital micro and macronutrients, proteins, lipids, and vitamins. Therefore, the issues of rational, economically feasible feeding of meat poultry, namely broiler chickens, are an urgent task. It is also essential to find effective methods of their application in order to correct the natural resistance and immune and biological reactivity of birds. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of the biological stimulant-Nucleostim on the growth and development of chickens, hematological, and immunological parameters of the blood of birds.This Biostimulant is a purified bovine spleen extract containing at least 1 mg / ml of low molecular weight peptides (nucleotides and nucleosides) formed as a result of autolysis, using dry whey and diatomite as fillers. Onthe application ofNucleostim, the gain in live weight of chickens was increased by 9.7%. At the end of the experiment, the livability of the chicks of the experimental group treated with Nucleostimcame up to 88%, compared with the 72% of the control group. The use of biostimulant had a stimulating effect on the liver of chickens confirmed by the research results presented in the article, as well as contributed to the development of the thymus in the setting of general dystrophy. Thus, it improved chicklivability and increased body weight gain. The biological stimulant-Nucleostim as an adaptogenic, anabolic, and immunostimulatory agent is promising for finding new drugs that improve the health and productivity of poultry.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INQUIRY LABORATORY-BASED ETHNOSOCIOECOLOGY LEARNING MODEL TO EMPOWER ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY IN PRESERVICE BIOLOGY TEACHERS
Authors: MASHFUFAH Aynin , NURKAMTO Joko , Sajidan Wiranto
Published: August 2021

The main point of environmental literacy is to increase individual concern towards the ecological crisis in concrete action or environmental care movement. This research aims to empower the knowledge of preservice biology teachers about the environment and its problems in environmental, and social contexts and cognitive skills to investigate and plan solutions to the issues. The quantitative research method with the one-group pretest-posttest design was employed to test the increase of environmental knowledge after learning. The nurturant effect is cognitive skills in overcoming environmental problems. The research participants consisted of 29 preservice biology teachers taking the environmental science course in the first semester. Environmental knowledge was measured using an essay test, while the measurement of cognitive skills was performed using a rubric with a rating scale based on the results of investigations of environmental problems in the field. It was found that the inquiry laboratory-based ethnosocioecology learning model could significantly improve environmental knowledge. In addition, environmental knowledge is positively correlated with cognitive skills. In general, cognitive skills increase with higher environmental knowledge.
STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF Tecoma stans (L.) ex Kunth (BIGNONIACEAE)
Authors: GONÇALVES Thaís Paula Rodrigues , PARREIRA Adriano Guimarães , LIMA Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos
Published: August 2021

Antimicrobial resistance has become a significant concern worldwide. In the present work was performed the phytochemical screening of ethanol extract and fractions of Tecoma stans flowers, and evaluated the antimicrobial potential by a broth microdilution assay against 10 isolates of clinical interest. Also was assessed the interaction of combinations of T. stans samples with commercial antimicrobials. The samples of T. stans demonstrated antibacterial activity and fungistatic potential against Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida infanticola, especially the ethanol extract and the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration values (MIC 2000 - 500 µg/mL). The combination of T. stans samples with antimicrobials showed synergistic and additive effects. In combinations classified as synergistic interaction, was observed that MIC for the antimicrobial in combination with the samples of T. stans was reduced by 2 to 7 times compared to the MIC for the antimicrobial when used alone. The best results were found for the combination of the ethanol extract with amoxicillin against P. mirabilis, and the ethanol extract and the dichloromethane fraction with tetracycline against S. aureus. Tests of combinations of extract and fractions of T. stans with antimicrobials are unprecedented, making these results promising. In the phytochemical characterization, it was possible to observe the presence of some phenolic compounds, which may justify the antimicrobial potential of T. stans. It is important to highlight the identification of new antimicrobial agents, some of which may be present in the unexplored flora of Brazil.
RAPID ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION PARAMETERS
Authors: MELNYK Oleksandr V. , SOVHIRA Svitlana V. , DUSHECHKINA Nataliia Yu. , AVRAMENKO Oleg B. , DUBOVA Nataliia V.
Published: August 2021

The article describes a chemical hazard that can adversely affect the environment and humans in the event of accidents at high-risk facilities, lead to man-made pollution, large casualties and deaths. The existing methods of assessment of the effects of chemical contamination were analysed. The toxic properties of poisonous substances (PSs) have been revealed. The calculation algorithm has been presented and the technique for the prediction of the chemical situation after the release of explosive or emergency spills, highly toxic substances (HTS) into the environments has been disclosed. The sequence of solution calculation of the estimation of chemical parameters problem using conditional initial data has been shown. A computer program has been developed to handle the parameters of chemical contamination and to calculate losses among working personnel and residents who may end up in the accident zone of chemical industry facilities or into the environment (PS, HTS). The analysis of the calculations without the use of a computer program for processing chemical parameters of contamination and using it confirms the reliability of its design based on the Microsoft Visual Studio software (Visual C#). The method of calculation and estimation of a chemical situation after accidents and destruction at chemical industry facilities has been offered. The practical application of the developed computer program has been described, which enables the specialists in the field of civil protection (CP) to make calculations more quickly to determine the degree of vertical stability of air, depth and area of distribution of chemical cloud, time of reaching the settlement, losses of both working personnel and population, more promptly to make decisions both in peacetime and in a special period. Conclusions were made regarding the calculations performed and the results obtained when solving the problems of chemical situation estimation using modern technologies.
PRODUCTIVITY OF NEW MAIZE HYBRIDS IN CONDITIONS OF THE URALS
Authors: ISMAGILOV Raphael , SOTCHENKO Еlena , AKHIYAROV Bulat , ISLAMGULOV Damir , NURLYGAJANOV Razit
Published: August 2021

The research aimed to identify the most productive hybrids selected by the All-Russian Research Institute of Maize to cultivate by the cereal seed technology in the natural conditions of the Middle Cis- Urals. Methodology. Maize was cultivated for seeds and green fodder for farm animals in the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals. The maize green mass, consisting mainly of stems and leaves, usually contains up to 88-90% water. Silage being prepared for it has less dry matter and protein. Such fodder has low nutritional value and poor return from livestock products. The most high quality and nutritious feed can be received from maize seeds or its above-ground mass with seeds of milky-wax and wax ripeness. To select early-maturing hybrids with high nutritional value is the primary concern for the studied area. Results. The results demonstrate that the productivity of maize hybrids ranges from 2.50 to 6.76 t/ha depending on soil and climatic conditions. When maize hybrids are grown by seed technology, the above-ground mass of the studied crops is 30.68-68.80 t/ha. Conclusions. It is necessary to select earlier ripening and highly productive hybrids to increase the quality and nutrition of corn feed. The recommended hybrids for grain production are Ural 150 (5,45 t/ha), Baikal (5,38 t/ha) and Mashuk 170 MV (4,98 t/ha); K-170 (56,7 t/ha), Shihan (55,67 t/ha) and Mashuk 170 MV (54,99 t/ha) that provided a higher output of the green mass at milky-wax ripeness of grain are best for silage production. The resulting data make it possible to select maize hybrids with high yields and nutritional value for farms with similar soil and climate conditions and to develop diets for highly productive dairy and beef cattle.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF AGE STATES OF Scutellaria stevenii Juz. (Scutellaria orientalis subsp. orientalis) IN PHYTOCОENOSES OF THE CRIMEA FOOTHILLS
Authors: VAKHRUSHEVA Lyudmila P. , ABDULGANIEVA Elvira F. , AKHKIYAMOVA Guzeliya R. , SHICHIYAKH Rustem A. , AVDEEV Yuri M.
Published: August 2021

The life cycle implementation features for most plants are species-specific, which is reflected in a change in the morphological, anatomical and physiological spheres of the plant. A study of plant ontogenesis allows a deeper understanding of both the coenotic features of the population and the degree of influence of the environment on the implementation of plant ontomorphogenesis. This work is devoted to the study of the life cycle of one of the taxonomically controversial species for Crimea - Scutellaria stevenii Juz. Ontogenesis study of Scutellaria stevenii was carried out in nature and for seedlings and juvenile individuals in a laboratory. The concept of a discrete description of ontogenesis was used to describe the life cycle of Scutellaria stevenii, under which to revealed a group of anatomical and morphological features characteristic of each onotogenetic state.The study of the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs (root, stem, flower-bearing shoot) was carried out using temporary preparations of a living tissue with standard methods. In this study the life cycle of Scutellaria stevenii contains 4 ontogenetic periods and 10 age states, which are realized in full or partial ontogenesis. In the case of normal development, ontogenesis of genets lasts 10-16 years. In virginal individuals growing on mobile ecotopes, a polyvariant type of development have been found. Polyvariant individuals form the primary bush with xylorizomes of different lengths which carry the function of additional fixation in the soil and the formation of partial bushes that lose their connection with the primary individual by the generative age. The ability of pregenerative individuals to vegetatively established in our study can be considered as compensatory adaptation due to the high death of seedlings in natural phytocоenoses. The anatomical features of the stem and root of various age states to identify morphologically unexpressed incomplete partition. These criteria is an important addition to the morphological identification of age.
APPLICATION OF PORTABLE FLYING ROBOTIC SYSTEMS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF AN IGNITION SOURCE
Authors: POLYAKOV R. Yu
Published: August 2021

Recently, the development of modern equipment and early detection of ignition sources has become relevant due to many fires and the material and human damage caused by them. This study aimed to develop a method of searching for the ignition source by moving a mobile gas analyzer towards increasing the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) emitted in the initial stages of fire. According to the simplex and Kiefer method, an algorithm based on the spatial detection method and guaranteed trajectory definition was used to move the mobile gas analyzer towards increasing concentration. The dependence of the engine speed on the supply voltage, the angular speed of the engine with the supply voltage, the tractive force at the wing flap frequency, the supply voltage as well as the energy consumed by the engine during propulsion were calculated. To determine the direction of the azimuth towards the movement of increasing the concentration of CO, an equation was obtained that made it possible to determine the concentration of CO as a function of the distance from the carbon monoxide source. A diagram of the gradient dependence on the distance to the ignition point was plotted, and the number of points on the trajectory on which the CO concentration is measured was determined. One way to further improve early fire detection methods is to use mobile gas analyzers in the ignition source movement and determine their coordinates with the increase in CO concentration. However, further development is restricted due to insufficient research on design methods for mobile gas analyzers, communication analysis between subsystems, and calculation methods based on mathematical models that adequately describe the basic modes of movement of mobile gas analyzers.
STRATEGIES OF PATTERN GENERALIZATION FOR ENHANCING STUDENTS’ ALGEBRAIC THINKING
Authors: A. NURWIDIYANTO , ZHANG Kaijun
Published: August 2021

Mathematics is seen as a science of pattern. Identifying and using patterns is the essence of mathematical thinking for children to improve algebraic thinking from their early schooling. The pattern is an arrangement of objects that have regularities or properties that can be generalized. Therefore, it is essential to know the strategies used by students in generalizing patterns and how students think in these processes. This study is descriptive research with a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach that aimed to investigate student’s algebraic thinking using various strategies to generalize the visual pattern. An instrument about the linear geometric growing pattern was administrated to 75 upper primary school students (grades 5-6) and 81 lower secondary students (grades 7-8) in two private schools in Semarang, Indonesia. The results showed that students used different pattern generalization strategies. The student generally preferred recursive, chunking, and functional approaches in each generalization task, whereas few used counting from drawing strategies to generalize patterns. The use of the recursive strategy decreased, whereas the chunking strategy and the functional strategy increased across grades 5-8 for the problems. The results also showed the student who used the recursive and chunking strategy preferred to change visual patterns into rows of numbers. Hence, they adopt a numeric approach by finding the common difference of visible pattern in each step.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ZnO NANOFIBER ON DOUBLE-LAYER DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS USING DIRECT DEPOSITION METHOD
Authors: ARIFIN Zainal , HADI Syamsul , SUYITNO Suyitno , PRABOWO Aditya Rio , PRASETYO Singgih Dwi
Published: August 2021

Solar cells are capable of harvesting energy by converting solar heat into electrical energy through the photovoltaic process. A type of solar cell, namely dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) which based on doublelayer photoanode is attracting researchers and engineers considering its characteristics, e.g., high efficiency, low cost, and available mass-production. The TiO2-ZnO double-layer semiconductor can be obtained from a nanofiber ZnO semiconductor which is deposited with a TiO2 nanoparticle semiconductor. In this study, the direct deposition method was applied using an electrospinning machine. The intention is to directly capture the liquid of electro-jet spun from PVA/Zn(Ac)2 solution onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. The glass itself is coated with a TiO2 nanoparticle semiconductor. The investigation was addressed to obtain the best tip distance to the collector and the best flow rate in the electrospinning process. The subject environment was designated on the manufacturing process of nanofiber ZnO semiconductors used as double-layer DSSC photoanodes. Variations in flow rates of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 μL/minute were applied in the observation. Furthermore, collaboration with the tip to collector distances using a variation of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 cm was also considered in this study. Based on these parameters, the effects of the electrospinning process on the morphology of the directly deposited ZnO nanofiber semiconductor were obtained. The results showed that a flow rate of 4 μL/minute and a tip distance to the collector of 8 cm produced a small diameter and uniform morphology. This morphology allowed ZnO nanofibers to have better color absorption and electron excitation. Thus, it was directly proportional to the high efficiency of double-layer DSSCs. The performance value for the 4 μL/min discharge was 2.39%, and the performance value for the 8 cm needle tip distance to the collector was 1.61%.
EVALUATION OF COMMITTED EFFECTIVE DOSE OF RADON GAS IN DRINKING WATER IN AL-QADISIYAH PROVINCE, IRAQ
Authors: ASWOOD Murtadha S , ALMUSAWI Mustafa S , MAHDI Naser K. W , SHOWARD Ansam F
Published: August 2021

Scientific research is giving interest in determining the concentrations of Radon in drinking water and sediments due to the occurrence of serious diseases related to this chemical element. The solubility of Radon in water (potable and underground) allows percolation in soils and rocks. The concentrations of Radon natural radioactivity were measured in drinking water and sediment at a wastewater treatment plant (Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq) using trace detector RAD7 and CR-39 (diffusion chamber, Landauer). Sampling was carried out at 20 samples (10 of drinking water and 10 of sediment). The results of radioactivity showed that the concentration of 222Rn in drinking water varies from 0.05 to 0.47 Bq/L, with an average of 0.24 Bq/L. However, the 222Rn concentrations in the sediment vary from 29.16 to 60.52 Bq/m3, with an average of 42.43 Bq/m3. From the results, it was possible to calculate the contribution of Radon to drinking water associated with age. The effective annual doses were found below the recommended limit. Radon concentrations in drinking water and sediment showed high levels of radioactivity compared to the natural limit. However, the same results indicated low radioactivity levels compared to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and the World Health Organization. In this way, all drinking water at these stations is safe to use.