bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Data Mining Menggunakan Algoritma Apriori Pada Toko Adelia Frozen Food
Authors: Faishal Zoelfiandi  , Utomo Budiyanto
Published: August 2024

Toko Adelia Frozen Food merupakan UMKM yang bergerak di bidang ritel makanan beku olahan dan bumbu pendukung dengan lokasi yang cukup strategis. Permasalahan UMKM yang sekarang saat ini terjadi ialah sudah memiliki sistem POS (Point of sales) yang cukup mumpuni dan terkomputerisasi dengan baik tetapi pada sistem POS ini memiliki kekurangan pada bagian bagaimana menganalisa pola belanja konsumen yang selama ini terjadi dengan menggunakan data detail transaksi. Dengan data transaksi yang semakin hari semakin menumpuk dan kurang dimanfaatkan dengan baik hanya akan menumpuk menjadi arsip di dalam basis data sistem POS. Dengan itu pemanfaatan data mining bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini. Dengan mengelola data transaksi salah satu manfaatnya kita mendapatkan suatu informasi baru tentang pola belanja dari konsumen yang selama ini terjadi dan dengan menggunakan salah satu metode yaitu Aturan Asosiasi dengan Analisa Keranjang Pasar dan mencari menggunakan teknik dari Algoritma Apriori. Algoritma Apriori merupakan salah satu algoritma data mining yang dapat digunakan menemukan pola asosiasi berdasarkan pola belanja konsumen, sehingga didapatkan item yang dibeli secara bersamaan, hasil penelitian ini menggunakan data detail transaksi dan penerapan algoritma apriori yang terhitung mulai dari tanggal 1 Desember 2021 - 31 Desember 2021 dengan total 650 data transaksi yang menghasilkan 4 aturan asosiasi dengan nilai confidence tertinggi 83% dan menghasilkan nilai uji lift sebesar 1,14. pada aturan “Jika konsumen membeli JAVA SOSIS 11S 500G, maka konsumen juga akan membeli MIX ANEKA SEAFOOD”
Prototype Penyiram Tanaman Bayam Otomatis untuk Menjaga Kelembaban Tanah Berbasis NodeMCU ESP8266
Authors: Saiful Rahman  , Reva Ragam Santika
Published: August 2024

Kegagalan dalam masa panen tentunya bukan hal yang diinginkan oleh para pembudidaya, salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan gagal panen ialah kekurangan air. Maka dibuatlah alat penyiram tanaman otomatis berbasis ESP8266 agar tanaman mendapatkan perhatian khusus, salah satunya yaitu mendapat asupan air yang cukup. Alat penyiram tanaman otomatis berbasis ESP8266 ini dibuat dengan metode prototype dan diuji dengan metode BlackBox menggunakan sensor kelembaban tanah dan sensor suhu, sensor kelembaban tanah dapat membaca kelembaban dengan nilai antara 0-1024 dan sensor suhu dapat membaca 0-100℃. Dimana semakin tinggai nilainya maka kondisi tanah akan semakin kering begitupun sebaliknya. Kelembaban tanah yang baik untuk tanaman bayam ialah sekitar 409-614 dan suhu udara kurang dari 28℃. Maka dapat diambil  angka 512-614 dengan nilai maksimal 409, dimana jika angka yang ditampilkan lebih dari 614 pompa air akan menyala dan berhenti jika angka yang ditampilkan kurang dari 512 dengan tambahan tombol ON/OFF untuk mematikan atau menyalakan pompa air pada saat suhu udara terlalu panas (suhu udara diatas 28℃) sehingga tanaman bayam bisa mendapatkan nilai kelembaban tanah maksimal yaitu 409. Hasil dari pengujian alat dan aplikasi ini ialah sensor dapat membaca nilai kelembaban tanah yaitu nilai minimal 387 dan nilai maksimal 724, sedangkan suhu udara minimal 25℃ dan suhu udara maksimal 32℃.
Prototipe Sistem Keamanan Ruang Server Otomatis Menggunakan ESP32CAM dan Algoritma You Only Look Once (YOLO)
Authors: Ferdy Agus Saputra  , Joko Christian Chandra
Published: August 2024

Pada kantor Sekretariat BPSDM ESDM tempat melakukan penelitian, ruang server belum dilengkapi dengan sistem monitoring keamanan berbasis IoT. Sistem monitoring Sekretariat BPSDM ESDM masih menggunakan perangkat CCTV sehingga pengawasan belum dilengkapi dengan sistem notifikasi atau peringatan ketika ada seseorang yang mencoba memasuki ruang server. Maka dari itu diperlukan suatu sistem pengawasan terhadap keamanan suatu tempat atau ruangan dengan menggunakan sebuah modul kamera yang tertanam pada mikrokontroler esp32cam. Sistem ini menggunakan dua metode deteksi yaitu pendeteksi objek menggunakan sensor passive infrared (PIR), algoritma YOLO dan library Open CV yang diprogram melalui aplikasi python. Pada metode pendeteksian yang menggunakan sensor PIR, sistem dilengkapi dengan modul kamera dan buzzer. Jika sensor PIR mendeteksi gerakan manusia maka buzzer akan berbunyi dan sistem mengcapture objek di depannya untuk dikirimkan ke web server dan pada metode pendeteksian dengan algoritma YOLO, sistem akan mencapture gambar per frame untuk kemudian gambar diolah (image processing) untuk diidentifikasi nama objek yang terdeksi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian prototipe bekerja dengan baik ditandai dengan aktifnya buzzer dan teridentifikasinya objek pada aplikasi sistem yang dibuat menggunakan python.
Desain E-Commerce Wahib Collection Dengan Business Model Canvas Untuk Meningkatkan Penjualan
Authors: Manda Seftifin Ratna , Ariesta Atik , Mahdiana Deni , Hin Lauw Li , Ratna Kusumawardani
Published: August 2024

Perkembangan teknologi sekarang sangatlah pesat, salah satunya adalah internet. Internet menjadi topik utama dikalangan masyarakat sekarang, dengan adanya internet orang-orang mampu melakukan berbagai aktivitas seperti jual beli barang secara online. Jaman sekarang jual beli sangat mudah dengan adanya model bisnis yang sangat popular yakni e-commerce jadi pelanggan tidak harus datang ke toko untuk transaksi pembelian. Toko Wahib Collection merupakan toko yang bergerak dibidang penjualan pakaian. Produk yang dijual berbagai macam pakaian seperti daster, pakaian wanita, kaos, celana, jaket. Toko Wahib Collection berdiri sejak tahun 2000 usaha milik keluarga dan diturunkan pada anak-anaknya. Toko Wahib Collection terdapat permasalahan yakni toko Wahib Collection memasarkan produknya hanya membuka lapak toko dipasar saja dengan jangkauan pemasaran hanya disekitar toko, pencatatan pada toko masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga pencatatan tidak sesuai, terjadi penurunan penjualan dikarenakan pandemi covid-19 menerapkan social distancing dan orang-orang harus menaati protokol kesehatan dan menghindari kerumunan sehingga pasar menjadi sepi. Hal inilah yang menjadi latar belakang untuk memanfaatkan e-commerce sebagai platform penjualan dan pembelian secara online. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah agar jangkauan pemasaran semakin luas, pencatatan data akan tersimpan dengan baik pada website, dan penjualan dapat dilakukan secara online. Adapun metodologi yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, Analisa dokumen dan studi literatur dengan pengembangan sistemnya menggunakan Rapid Application Development (RAD). sehingga terbentuknya suatu sistem informasi penjualan menggunakan Content Management System (CMS) Wordpress. Business Model Canvas (BMC) digunakan untuk menentukan model bisnis yang diusulkan berdasarkan model bisnis yang sedang berjalan. Hasil penelitian ini pelanggan dapat melakukan pembelian secara online dengan menggunakan website tidak harus datang ke toko dan pencatatan pada toko sudah terkomputerisasi.
Pengunaan Sensor MQ-2,4,7,135 dan ESP32 Untuk Air Pollution Monitoring Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Refalista Akbar , Irawati Riri , Irawan Irawan , Wisjhnuadji Tatang Wirawan
Published: August 2024

Udara merupakan hal yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh makhluk hidup dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, makhluk hidup menggunakan udara sebagai alat bantu mereka untuk bernafas. Dalam hal Kesehatan, udara yang diperlukan oleh makhluk hidup merupakan udara yang bersih. Namun seiring perkembangan jaman pasokan udara bersih semakin minim adanya karena tercemar oleh aktifitas manusia sehingga menyebabkan udara yang bersih ini menjadi terkontaminasi oleh zat kimia beracun. Hal ini yang dapat menjadi dampak negatif pada kesehatan manusia. Maka dari permasalahan tersebut dapat dibuat suatu sistem yang mampu memonitoring  udara bersih pada suatu area ataupun suatu ruangan jika terdapat adanya zat kimia beracun. Sistem ini nantinya akan diwujudkan dalam Internet of things dalam pengoprasiannya. Sensor yang akan di gunakan untuk sistem ini yaitu sensor MQ2,MQ4,MQ7,MQ135 sebagai pendeteksi gas, methana, karbon monoxida, karbon dioksida dalam suatu lingkungan atau ruangan untuk memonitoring polusi yang ada didalam suatu area. Dan hasil akan ditampilkan pada web dengan menggunakan Node-RED sebagai Internet of things. pada pengujian yang telah di lakukan, sistem ini dapat membuktikan bahwa sensor MQ2 mampu mendeteksi adanya gas/asap dengan nilai yang didapat sebanyak 222 - 247 parts per million. Lalu sensor MQ4 mampu mendeteksi adanya metana dengan nilai yang didapat sebanyak 80 - 128 parts per million, kemudian sensor MQ7 mampu mendeteksi adanya karbon monoksida dengan nilai yang didapat sebanyak 10 - 17 parts per million, selanjutnya MQ135 mampu mendeteksi adanya karbon dioksida dengan nilai yang didapat sebanyak 454 - 484 parts per million. Dan Node-RED sebagai Internet of things bertujuan untuk tempat memonitoring kadar gas kimia didalam suatu ruangan.
Prototype Internet of Things Pendeteksi Kebakaran Menggunakan Wemos D1R1 ESP8266 Berbasis Android
Authors: Muhammad Dwi Nursansyah  , Purwanto Purwanto  , Mardi Hardjianto  , Joko Christian Chandra
Published: August 2024

Kebakaran menjadi ancaman serius yang memerlukan respon cepat guna mencegah kerugian besar baik dalam hal harta benda maupun nyawa manusia. Untuk itu, pengembangan sistem pendeteksi kebakaran yang handal menjadi sangat penting. Tugas akhir ini mempersembahkan sebuah prototipe Internet of Things (IoT) yang berfungsi sebagai pendeteksi kebakaran. Prototipe ini memanfaatkan modul Wemos D1R1 ESP8266 sebagai sensor utama serta berintegrasi dengan aplikasi Android sebagai antarmuka pengguna. Modul ESP8266 bertanggung jawab dalam mendeteksi kebakaran dengan mengandalkan sensor api, sensor gas, kipas, dan juga pompa air untuk mengoptimalkan pemadaman dan mencegah terjadinya kebarakan besar. Melalui konektivitas Wi-Fi, ESP8266 dapat mentransmisikan data sensor secara nirkabel ke aplikasi. Data yang diterima dari modul ESP8266 diproses dan dianalisis guna mendeteksi potensi kebakaran. Aplikasi Android dikembangkan sebagai antarmuka pengguna untuk memantau kondisi lingkungan sekitar dan menerima notifikasi ketika terjadi kebakaran. Aplikasi juga dapat kita lakukan dengan mode manual dan juga mode auto, yang dimana mode auto kipas dan pompa air dapat berjalan dengan sendiri jika terdeteksi api ataupun gas. Mode manual dapat kita jalankan dengan cara sendiri dengan memilih kipas maupun pompa air. prototipe sistem kontrol untuk implementasi Internet of Things (IoT) dalam konsep Sistem Pendeteksi kebakaran berbasis android dengan tempat riset di lokasi Wida Catering. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Prototyping. Hasil pengujian dari prototype ini menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan alat bekerja dengan baik. Namun, terdapat delay pada alat yang dikontrol melalui smartphone yang disebabkan oleh jaringan internet. Sensor gas dan Sensor api dapat mengirimkan data dengan tepat ke database server.
Atherosclerotic Background of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Sickle Cell Diseases
Authors: Rami Helvaci Mehmet , Pappel Valeria , Piral Kubra , Camlibel Mehpare , Sencan Huseyin , Davran Ramazan , Yaprak Mustafa , Abyad Abdulrazak , Pocock Lesley
Published: August 2024

Background: Sickle cell diseases (SCDs) are inborn and catastrophic processes on vascular endothelium, particularly at the capillaries. Methods: All patients were included. Results: We studied 222 males and 212 females with similar mean ages (30.8 vs 30.3 years, p>0.05, respectively). Beside chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (25.2% vs 7.0%, p<0.001), smoking (23.8% vs 6.1%, p<0.001), alcohol (4.9% vs 0.4%, p<0.001), transfused red blood cells (RBCs) in their lives (48.1 vs 28.5 units, p=0.000), disseminated teeth losses (5.4% vs 1.4%, p<0.001), ileus (7.2% vs 1.4%, p<0.001), cirrhosis (8.1% vs 1.8%, p<0.001), leg ulcers (19.8% vs 7.0%, p<0.001), digital clubbing (14.8% vs 6.6%, p<0.001), coronary heart disease (CHD) (18.0% vs 13.2%, p<0.05), chronic renal disease (CRD) (9.9% vs 6.1%, p<0.05), and stroke (12.1% vs 7.5%, p<0.05) were all higher, and autosplenectomy (50.4% vs 53.3%, p<0.05) and mean age of mortality were lower in males, significantly (30.2 vs 33.3 years, p<0.05). Conclusion: The hardened RBCs-induced capillary endothelial damage initiates at birth, and terminates with multiorgan failures even at childhood. Parallel to COPD, all of the atherosclerotic risk factors or consequences including smoking, alcohol, disseminated teeth losses, ileus, cirrhosis, leg ulcers, digital clubbing, CHD, CRD, and stroke were higher, and autosplenectomy and mean age of mortality were lower in males which can not be explained by effects of smoking and alcohol alone at the relatively younger mean age. So autosplenectomy may be a good whereas male gender alone may be a bad prognostic factor, and COPD may have an atherosclerotic background in the SCDs.
Practices of Care in Storytelling
Authors: Alvis Cole , Bonnell Yolanda
Published: August 2024

This article features reflections on the recent creation of White Girls
in Moccasins by Yolanda Bonnell, coproduced by manidoons collective and Buddies
in Bad Times Theatre in the spring of 2022. In preparation for the coproduction,
members of manidoons collective gathered a group of production artists to discuss
alternative ways of working within theatre; particularly the often-stressful process
of tech week that precedes opening night. Also featured is an original poem called
“Pow Wow” by Yolanda Bonnell, woven into proposals for keeping each other safe(r)
when working in the performing arts.
Good Beginnings: Decolonizing Protocols and Agreements or Mouse Crosses
River
Authors: Geller Philip Jonah Logan
Published: August 2024

Mouse tries to cross River. Philip attempts to create theatre in an
institutional context. What could go wrong? What could go right? A decolonizing
offering in how we enter artistic and collaborative relations. What protocols,
practices, and understanding are required to have a good beginning?
Ktahkomiq: Language as a Territory
Authors: Burelle Julie
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the performance Ktahkomiq (“Territory”) created in 2017 by Dave Jenniss and Ivanie Aubin-Malo with the dramaturgical support of Catherine Joncas. I examine the creative process developed by the artists to explore a long-standing conflict dividing their community without minimizing its irreconcilable dimensions. In particular, I attend to the moments of refusal and reconciliation that shape the performance as well as the role that the Wolastoqey language played in creating a shared territory for the artists.
Vēdināmā aizsargapģērba īpašību optimizācija
Authors:   , Vejanand Sanjay Ranji
Published: August 2024

Promocijas darba mērķis ir analizēt un optimizēt izstrādājamo materiālu un ventilācijas elementu aerodinamiskās īpašības, pamatojoties uz apģērba veidu, lai panāktu pareizu gaisa caurlaidības, mehānisko un funkcionālo īpašību līdzsvaru aizsardzībai pret ārējiem vides faktoriem. Darbs vērsts uz ventilācijas elementu, ko var nostiprināt pie ventilācijas atverēm aizsargtērpa iekšpusē, izveidi. Piestiprinātie ventilācijas elementi var uzlabot apģērba strukturālo integritāti, aizsedzot ventilācijas atveres un ierobežojot putekļu, tiešas saules gaismas, kukaiņu un piesārņojumu nokļūšanu tiešā saskarē ar ķermeni, vienlaikus nodrošinot pareizu gaisa cirkulāciju starp ķermeni un apģērbu. Mērķa sasniegšanai izveidotas un izvērtētas dažādas ventilācijas elementu formas, lai noteiktu visefektīvāko.
Methodology for Design of Hydrogen Robot for Medical Needs
Authors: Valchkova Nina , Zahariev Roman , Angelov George , Paunski Yasen
Published: August 2024

The paper examines the concept of creating a Collaborative Service Robot powered by a Hydrogen Fuel Cell designed to assist in medical facilities. The characteristics of this robot are analyzed and its advantages are highlighted, from the point of view of ecological operation and long life during the patient service activities in a hospital facility. Some key features and benefits of Hydrogen Fuel Cell-powered robots are compared to battery-powered robots and the positives in this comparison are shown. The advantages of modern Collaborative Robots used as Service Robots in inpatient service processes in a hospital are presented. It shows the possibility, based on the competence and expertise of the authors in the field of Service Mobile Collaborative Robots, to create and implement one for the needs of human service in medical facilities, which will be powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. The main characteristics of the created mobile collaborative service robots of the ``AnRI'' series (Anthropomorphic Robot with Intelligence) are briefly indicated, where ``AnRI-1'' is equipped with a manipulator with a three-finger gripper, and ``AnRI-2'' is an information robot equipped with a large screen on top. The article analyzes the process of creating these collaborative robots, realizing several important elements of the control system, such as its development with elements of Artificial Intelligence. The advantages of hydrogen power and increased reliability of the general complex of systems in these Collaborative Mobile Robots and their possibility to be used effectively in the realization of medical care are emphasized.
Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN) for Secure Intrusion Detection in the Internet of Drones (IoD)
Authors: Muhammad Nek , Hakeem Abdul , Ahmed Israr , Abbass Ghulam
Published: August 2024

With the rapid rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), drones are being used in various applications such as surveillance and delivery services. Despite this, there are serious security threats as well. This study proposes an innovative secure intrusion detection platform for the Internet of Drones (IoD) framework in order to address this problem. We use Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN) and Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations (NL-PDEs) technique to enhance the intrusion detection capabilities. In addition the incorporation of block-chain technology fortifies the security and transparency of the system, ensuring the integrity of captured intrusion data. The proposed technique has been rigorously tested and evaluated to determine its accuracy in identifying malicious attacks and unauthorized access scenarios. Through this methodology, the Internet of Drones (IoD) security framework is strengthened, thereby mitigating potential risks derived from their widespread use. The main objective of this study is to make it easier for drone technology to be adopted and used safely and securely in a variety of contexts and industries.
Applicable International Standardized Basis in Defining Data for Security Systems Development
Authors: Panevski Valeri
Published: August 2024

Creating an intelligent security environment is one of the main trends in the activity of scientific organizations, where security technologies are a significant part of the product range. Organizations using these technologies, including critical infrastructure with built-in security systems, provide increased operational efficiency, guaranteeing readiness for action in emergency situations. For this purpose, standardized approaches are applied to determine the requirements for the development of security systems, according to the specifics of the organization, ensuring the prevention of any level of potential consequences of possible risk events, both in the structural objects of the organization and for the population in the adjacent territories.
The author's intention is through this publication to present his experience in the application of modern standardized approaches ensuring the construction and operation of critical infrastructure security systems developed by scientific organizations in the conditions of key partnerships of the Competence Center.
Does the Use of Psychoactive Substances Reveal Underlying Trauma or Common Mental Health Problems?
Authors: Ignatova Desislava , Haygarova Iva , Kamusheva Maria , Dimov Dimo , Marinova-Djambazova Petra , Vladimirova Rositsa
Published: August 2024

The paper evaluates the prevalence of psychoactive substance use in a non-clinical sample of university students and examines its relation to childhood traumatic experiences and common mental health problems. An anonymous online survey was conducted between September 2022 and May 2023 in two major universities in Bulgaria using opportunity sampling. The study has a cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective design, using self-rating scales for depression, anxiety, alexithymia, empathy, quality of life, and lifetime history of substance use. One hundred and forty-six university students completed the survey, with a mean age of 23 years (SD=2), 66% females. Ninety-eight percent of the participants have used caffeine, 90% alcohol, 62% tobacco, 50% cannabis, 26% sedatives, 19% amphetamines, 12%  inhalants, 8% hallucinogens, 4% opiates, and 9% other/unknown substances. The mean number of psychoactive substances used within a lifetime is 4 (SD=2). Forty-two (29%) participants have a history of use of multiple (≥ 5) types of psychoactive substances. Statistically significant differences from the rest of the sample include lower empathy (p=.016), higher scores on the childhood trauma scale (p=.001), and a higher percentage of dissociative symptoms (47.6%, p=.012). The binary logistic regression model revealed that higher scores on the childhood trauma scale (p=.003) and lower empathy (p=.004) are statistically significant predictors of multiple substance use. In conclusion, the lifetime use of multiple psychoactive substances in non-clinical settings is related to underlying childhood traumatic experiences and lower empathy.
Glia control experience-dependent plasticity in an olfactory critical period
Authors: Leier Hans C , Foden Alexander J , Jindal Darren A , Wilkov Abigail J , Van der Linden Costello Paola , Vanderzalm Pamela J , Coutinho-Budd Jaeda , Tabuchi Masashi , Broihier Heather T
Published: August 2024

Sensory experience during developmental critical periods has lifelong consequences for circuit function and behavior, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which experience causes these changes are not well understood. The Drosophila antennal lobe houses synapses between olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and downstream projection neurons (PNs) in stereotyped glomeruli. Many glomeruli exhibit structural plasticity in response to early-life odor exposure, indicating a general sensitivity of the fly olfactory circuitry to early sensory experience. We recently found that glia shape antennal lobe development in young adults, leading us to ask if glia also drive experience-dependent plasticity during this period. Here, we define a critical period for structural and functional plasticity of OSN-PN synapses in the ethyl butyrate (EB)-sensitive glomerulus VM7. EB exposure for the first 2 days post-eclosion drives large-scale reductions in glomerular volume, presynapse number, and post- synaptic activity. Crucially, pruning during the critical period has long-term consequences for circuit function since both OSN-PN synapse number and spontaneous activity of PNs remain persistently decreased following early-life odor exposure. The highly conserved engulfment receptor Draper is required for this critical period plasticity as ensheathing glia upregulate Draper, invade the VM7 glomerulus, and phagocytose OSN presynaptic terminals in response to critical-period EB exposure. Loss of Draper fully suppresses the morphological and physiological consequences of critical period odor exposure, arguing that phagocytic glia engulf intact synaptic terminals. These data demonstrate experience-dependent pruning of synapses and argue that Drosophila olfactory circuitry is a powerful model for defining the function of glia in critical period plasticity.
Reassessing the substrate specificities of the major Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan hydrolases lysostaphin and LytM
Authors: Antenucci Lina , Virtanen Salla , Thapa Chandan , Jartti Minne , Pitkänen Ilona , Tossavainen Helena , Permi Perttu
Published: August 2024

Orchestrated action of peptidoglycan (PG) synthetases and hydrolases is vital for bacterial growth and viability. Although the function of several PG synthetases and hydrolases is well-understood, the function, regulation, and mechanism of action of PG hydrolases characterized as lysostaphin-like endopeptidases have remained elusive. Many of these M23 family members can hydrolyse glycyl-glycine peptide bonds and show lytic activity against
Staphylococcus aureus
whose PG contains a pentaglycine bridge, but their exact substrate specificity and hydrolysed bonds are still vaguely determined.In this work, we have employed NMR spectroscopy to study both the substrate specificity and the bond cleavage of the bactericide lysostaphin and the
S. aureus
PG hydrolase LytM. Yet, we provide substrate-level evidence for the functional role of these enzymes. Indeed, our results show that the substrate specificities of these structurally highly homologous enzymes are similar, but unlike observed earlier both LytM and lysostaphin prefer the D-Ala-Gly cross-linked part of mature peptidoglycan. However, we show that while lysostaphin is genuinely a glycyl-glycine hydrolase, LytM can also act as a D-alanyl-glycine endopeptidase.
OsNF-YB7 inactivates OsGLK1 to inhibit chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice embryo
Authors: Yang Zongju , Bai Tianqi , E Zhiguo , Niu Baixiao , Chen Chen
Published: August 2024

As a master regulator of seed development, Leafy Cotyledon 1 (LEC1) promotes chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis in
Arabidopsis
, but the mechanism underlying this remains poorly understood. Here, we found that loss of function of
OsNF-YB7
, a
LEC1
homolog of rice, leads to chlorophyllous embryo, indicating that
OsNF-YB7
plays an opposite role in Chl biosynthesis in rice compared with that in
Arabidopsis
. OsNF-YB7 regulates the expression of a group of genes responsible for Chl biosynthesis and photosynthesis by directly binding to their promoters. In addition, OsNF-YB7 interacts with Golden 2-Like 1 (OsGLK1) to inhibit the transactivation activity of OsGLK1, a key regulator of Chl biosynthesis. Moreover, OsNF-YB7 can directly repress
OsGLK1
expression by recognizing its promoter
in vivo
, indicating the involvement of OsNF-YB7 in multiple regulatory layers of Chl biosynthesis in rice embryo. We propose that OsNF-YB7 functions as a transcriptional repressor to regulate Chl biosynthesis in rice embryo.
Persistent cross-species transmission systems dominate Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 epidemiology in a high incidence region: A genomic epidemiology study
Authors: Tarr Gillian AM , Chui Linda , Stanford Kim , Bumunang Emmanuel W , Zaheer Rahat , Li Vincent , Freedman Stephen B , Laing Chad R , McAllister Tim A
Published: August 2024

Several areas of the world suffer a notably high incidence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. To assess the impact of persistent cross-species transmission systems on the epidemiology of E. coli O157:H7 in Alberta, Canada, we sequenced and assembled E. coli O157:H7 isolates originating from collocated cattle and human populations, 2007–2015. We constructed a timed phylogeny using BEAST2 using a structured coalescent model. We then extended the tree with human isolates through 2019 to assess the long-term disease impact of locally persistent lineages. During 2007–2015, we estimated that 88.5% of human lineages arose from cattle lineages. We identified 11 persistent lineages local to Alberta, which were associated with 38.0% (95% CI 29.3%, 47.3%) of human isolates. During the later period, six locally persistent lineages continued to be associated with human illness, including 74.7% (95% CI 68.3%, 80.3%) of reported cases in 2018 and 2019. Our study identified multiple locally evolving lineages transmitted between cattle and humans persistently associated with E. coli O157:H7 illnesses for up to 13 y. Locally persistent lineages may be a principal cause of the high incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in locations such as Alberta and provide opportunities for focused control efforts.
Light-driven synchronization of optogenetic clocks
Authors: Cannarsa Maria Cristina , Liguori Filippo , Pellicciotta Nicola , Frangipane Giacomo , Di Leonardo Roberto
Published: August 2024

Synthetic genetic oscillators can serve as internal clocks within engineered cells to program periodic expression. However, cell-to-cell variability introduces a dispersion in the characteristics of these clocks that drives the population to complete desynchronization. Here we introduce the optorepressilator, an optically controllable genetic clock that combines the repressilator, a three-node synthetic network in
E. coli
, with an optogenetic module enabling to reset, delay, or advance its phase using optical inputs. We demonstrate that a population of optorepressilators can be synchronized by transient green light exposure or entrained to oscillate indefinitely by a train of short pulses, through a mechanism reminiscent of natural circadian clocks. Furthermore, we investigate the system’s response to detuned external stimuli observing multiple regimes of global synchronization. Integrating experiments and mathematical modeling, we show that the entrainment mechanism is robust and can be understood quantitatively from single cell to population level.
Benthic and fish community composition on mesophotic reefs in Grand Cayman
Authors: Le Gall Lucas , Johnson Jack V. , Chequer Alex , Doherty Matthew Louis , Goodbody-Gringley Gretchen
Published: August 2024

Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) represent unique ecological habitats that range from 30 to 150 m deep, harbouring phylogenetically distinct species and offering refuge for many taxa during times of environmental stress. Yet owing to inaccessibility of ecosystems at these depths, most MCEs remain unexplored, with quantifications of ecological communities in these habitats lacking across many regions. Here, using open- and closed-circuit technical diving, we quantified benthic and fish community composition at four mesophotic reef sites (45 m depth) in Grand Cayman. We show significant differences in benthic community composition over a small spatial scale driven by disparate coverage of sponges, crustose coralline algae, and sand/rubble, yet consistent patterns of macroalgal dominance representing >50% coverage at each site and low hard coral cover at an average of 2.4%. Reef fish species richness, biomass, and density was consistent across sites, however the relative contribution of individual species to community composition differed significantly. Macrocarnivores were found to be the dominant contributors to biomass, with invertivores the most speciose, and omnivores and planktivores at the highest densities, consistent with previous descriptions of mesophotic fish assemblages in other regions. Similarly, the low hard coral cover and high macroalgae and sponge cover of the benthic communities also appear ecologically similar to several described mesophotic reefs yet is not uniform across the Caribbean. The ecological organisation of Grand Cayman’s MCEs may result from a variety of factors such as isolation from other major land masses, geology, local geography, and anthropogenic activity at both the local and global scale and highlight the importance of continued exploration and documentation of MCE communities.
The role of NF-kappaB in the inflammatory processes related to dental caries, pulpitis, apical periodontitis, and periodontitis–a narrative review
Authors: Chen Zhonglan , Lang Guangping , Xu Xi , Liang Xinghua , Han Yalin , Han Yingying
Published: August 2024

Tooth-related inflammatory disorders, including caries, pulpitis, apical periodontitis (AP), and periodontitis (PD), are primarily caused by resident oral microorganisms. Although these dental inflammatory conditions are typically not life-threatening, neglecting them can result in significant complications and greatly reduce an individual’s quality of life. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a family formed by various combinations of Rel proteins, is extensively involved in inflammatory diseases and even cancer. This study reviews recent data on NF-κB signaling and its role in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), dental pulp fibroblasts (DPFs), odontoblasts, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), and various experimental animal models. The findings indicate that NF-κB signaling is abnormally activated in caries, pulpitis, AP, and PD, leading to changes in related cellular differentiation. Under specific conditions, NF-κB signaling occasionally interacts with other signaling pathways, affecting inflammation, bone metabolism, and tissue regeneration processes. In summary, data collected over recent years confirm the central role of NF-κB in dental inflammatory diseases, potentially providing new insights for drug development targeting NF-κB signaling pathways in the treatment of these conditions. Keywords: NF-κB, dental caries, pulpitis, apical periodontitis, periodontitis.
Phenotyping 172 strawberry genotypes for water soaking reveals a close relationship with skin water permeance
Authors: Hurtado Grecia , Olbricht Klaus , Mercado Jose A. , Pose Sara , Knoche Moritz
Published: August 2024

Water soaking is a commercially important disorder of field-grown strawberries that is exacerbated by surface wetness and high humidity. The objective was to establish the effect of genotype on susceptibility to water soaking. Three greenhouse-grown model ‘collections’ were used comprising a total of 172 different genotypes: (1) a segregating F2 population, (2) a collection of strawberry cultivars and breeding clones, and (3) a collection of wild Fragaria species. A standardized immersion assay was used to induce water soaking. Potential relationships between water soaking and water uptake characteristics, depth of the achene depressions, fruit firmness, cuticle mass and strain relaxation and microcracking were investigated. Further, the effect of downregulating the polygalacturonase genes (FaPG1 and FaPG2) on the susceptibility to water soaking was investigated. The collection of wild species was most susceptible to water soaking. This was followed by the collection of cultivars and breeding clones, and by the F2 population. Susceptibility to water soaking was strongly correlated with water uptake rate (mass of water, per fruit, per time). For the pooled dataset of 172 genotypes, 46% of the variability in water soaking was accounted for by the permeance of the skin to osmotic water uptake. Susceptibility to water soaking was not, or was only poorly correlated with measurements of fruit surface area or of the osmotic potential of the expressed fruit juice. The only exceptions were the wild Fragaria species which were highly variable in fruit size and also in fruit osmotic potential. For genotypes from the F2 and the wild species collections, firmer fruit were less susceptible to water soaking than softer fruit. There were no relationships between fruit firmness and susceptibility to water soaking in transgenic plants in which FaPG1 and FaPG2 were down-regulated. Susceptibility to water soaking was not related to cuticle mass per unit fruit surface area, nor to strain relaxation of the cuticle upon isolation, nor to achene position. In summary, strawberry’s susceptibility to water soaking has a significant genetic component and is closely and consistently related to the skin’s permeance to osmotic water uptake.
Comparisons of genome assembly tools for characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes using hybrid sequencing technologies
Authors: Trisakul Kanwara , Hinwan Yothin , Eisiri Jukgarin , Salao Kanin , Chaiprasert Angkana , Kamolwat Phalin , Tongsima Sissades , Campino Susana , Phelan Jody , Clark Taane G. , Faksri Kiatichai
Published: August 2024

Background

Next-generation sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the infectious agent causing tuberculosis, is improving the understanding of genomic diversity of circulating lineages and strain-types, and informing knowledge of drug resistance mutations. An increasingly popular approach to characterizing M. tuberculosis genomes (size: 4.4 Mbp) and variants (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) involves the de novo assembly of sequence data.

Methods

We compared the performance of genome assembly tools (Unicycler, RagOut, and RagTag) on sequence data from nine drug resistant M. tuberculosis isolates (multi-drug (MDR) n = 1; pre-extensively-drug (pre-XDR) n = 8) generated using Illumina HiSeq, Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) PromethION, and PacBio platforms.

Results

Our investigation found that Unicycler-based assemblies had significantly higher genome completeness (~98.7%; p values = 0.01) compared to other assembler tools (RagOut = 98.6%, and RagTag = 98.6%). The genome assembly sizes (bp) across isolates and sequencers based on RagOut was significantly longer (p values < 0.001) (4,418,574 ± 8,824 bp) than Unicycler and RagTag assemblies (Unicycler = 4,377,642 ± 55,257 bp, and RagTag = 4,380,711 ± 51,164 bp). RagOut-based assemblies had the fewest contigs (~32) and the longest genome size (4,418,574 bp; vs. H37Rv reference size 4,411,532 bp) and therefore were chosen for downstream analysis. Pan-genome analysis of Illumina and PacBio hybrid assemblies revealed the greatest number of detected genes (4,639 genes; H37Rv reference contains 3,976 genes), while Illumina and ONT hybrid assemblies produced the highest number of SNPs. The number of genes from hybrid assemblies with ONT and PacBio long-reads (mean: 4,620 genes) was greater than short-read assembly alone (4,478 genes). All nine RagOut hybrid genome assemblies detected known mutations in genes associated with MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB.

Conclusions

Unicycler software performed the best in terms of achieving contiguous genomes, whereas RagOut improved the quality of Unicycler’s genome assemblies by providing a longer genome size. Overall, our approach has demonstrated that short-read and long-read hybrid assembly can provide a more complete genome assembly than short-read assembly alone by detecting pan-genomes and more genes, including IS6110, and SNPs.
The Mediating Effect of Acceptance in the Relationship Between Resilience and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Firefighters
Authors: Park Youngmin , Cho Sungkun
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to improve the psychological flexibility of firefighters and use it in mental health data by verifying the mediating effect of acceptance on the relationship between firefighter resilience and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. A survey was conducted on PTSD, resilience, and acceptance among 212 firefighters from the National Fire Agency in 17 major cities and towns nationwide. The SPSS Process Macro model 4 was used to investigate the mediating effect of acceptance in the relationship between resilience and PTSD symptoms. After analyzing the questionnaires of 162 individuals, excluding 50 who disagreed, had many duplicate and omitted questions, or responded carelessly, it was confirmed that acceptance had a mediating effect in the relationship between resilience and PTSD symptoms. These results suggest that resilience increases acceptance, and as acceptance increases, PTSD symptoms decrease, thereby increasing the likelihood of alleviating PTSD symptoms. Therefore, future research should develop programs to strengthen acceptance and policies to prevent and manage PTSD among firefighters.
Measures to Secure Fire-Safety Performance in Elevator-type Parking Lots
Authors: Lee Jong Hwa
Published: August 2024

Since 2010, electric vehicles exceeding the weight that can be parked in mechanical parking lots using an elevator system (hereafter referred to as ‘elevator parking lots’) have been gradually developed and distributed. Owing to the development and distribution of these vehicles, elevator-type parking lots have resulted in social problems, including structural safety problems caused by the cumulative weight of electric vehicles, fires characteristics that cannot be prevented from spreading duringin the event of an electric-vehicle fire, and the risk of secondary accidents resulting in structural collapse owing to heat or explosion (hereinafter referred to as ‘accidental load combination under fire condition’) caused by the vertical diffusion of flames from electric vehicles. Hence, this study aims to improve the safety of society by examining administrative processes and legal matters to secure fire-safety performance in existing elevator-type parking lots, identifying problems after analyzing them, and recommending improvement measures.
A Study on Domestic Metal waste Countermeasures Against Metal Fires
Authors: Park Tae-Hee , Kim Tae-Sun , Yang Ji-Hyun , Kwon Jin-Suk
Published: August 2024

According to the National Fire Information System of the National Fire Agency, due to the recent increase in the use of aluminum and magnesium, a total of 140 fires caused by water reactive chemicals in the past five years ('18~'22) were reported, with about 1.3 billion won in property damage. In addition, the main cause of fire reports related to metal fires that occurred simultaneously was metal waste powder. Therefore, in this study, fire extinguishing and gas hazard experiments were conducted in accordance with the test standards of ISO 7165 and KS F 2271 using waste generated by domestic metal recycling companies. The effectiveness of fire suppression by the expanded vermiculite and wetting agent was confirmed, and the gas hazards caused by the application of digestive medicine were confirmed by changes in mouse behavior.
Numerical Simulation of Evaporative Gas Behavior Inside Fuel Tank During Fire Extinguishing Process
Authors: Choi Yoo Youl , Kim Soo Young , Jeon Kyu Nam , Kim Tae Woo , Choi Byung Chul
Published: August 2024

A series of explosions at a domestic business site injured approximately 20 people, and joint analysis revealed substandard fuel at the site. The first explosion was caused by the ignition of oil vapor released from the fuel tank, and the second had likely occurred when an ignition source entered the tank. This study models the secondary explosion using a fire dynamics simulator, with acetone and dodecane adopted as representative fuels. The results show that acetone exceeds the upper explosive limit under external heating, whereas it re-enters the flammable range upon cooling, thereby increasing the explosion risk if ignited. By contrast, dodecane does not re-enter the flammable range under the same criteria.
Development and Verification of a Fire Occurrence Prediction Model with Social-Architectural Factors
Authors: Zhang Chu , Hong Won-Hwa , Bae Young-Hoon
Published: August 2024

In this study, we aim to develop a fire occurrence prediction model at the administrative district level by incorporating social-architectural factors. Based on data on social and architectural factors and the number of fire occurrences from 2015~2021 in various cities, counties, and districts, multiple machine learning algorithms (multilayer perceptron, LASSO regression, and random forest) were employed to implement and compare the performance of the fire occurrence prediction models. The results indicated that the model utilizing the random forest algorithm exhibited the best prediction performance. Furthermore, performance validation using 2022 data showed that out of 247 administrative districts, 171 had an error rate of 20% or less.
Zinc Induced Resistant against Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas, Walker) in Rice
Authors: G. Patel Hiral , Pastagia J. J. , M. Senjaliya Tushar
Published: August 2024

To confirm the zinc induced resistant against yellow stem borer, a field experiments were conducted during kharif 2022 and 2023 at N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari Gujarat (India). In experiment total eight treatments are given first four are soil application of zinc and next four are foliar application, Overall performance of the zinc treatments over two kharif seasons highlighting efficacy of zinc treatments in keeping the YSB damage in control both at vegetative and heading (reproductive) stages of the rice crop confirmed the superiority of treatment T2 (ZnSO4 @ 50 g/ha), T4 (Zn- EDTA @ 25 kg/ha) and T8 (foliar application of Biosynthesis Zinc nanoparticle @ 100 ppm). At vegetative stage, treatments T2, T4 and T8 recorded numerically the lowest mean borer damage of 6.45, 7.60 and 8.60 per cent DH attributing in 55.61, 47.69 and 40.81 per cent decline in borer damage over control, respectively. While, at the heading stage, similar treatments T2, T4 and T8 recorded numerically the lowest mean borer damage of 7.01, 8.28 and 9.69 per cent DH attributing in 62.63, 55.86 and 48.35 per cent decline in borer damage over control, respectively. YSB damage was significantly and negatively correlated at vegetative (r = -0.64**) and heading stage (r = -0.67**) with zinc content.
Feeding Behavior of Imidacloprid Resistant Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
Authors: D Dhyan Chowdary. , G Ramachandra Rao. , M Sheshu Madhav. , P.C Latha. , V.M Malathi. , Y Sridhar.
Published: August 2024

A study was conducted to investigate the feeding behavior of imidacloprid resistant (RS) and laboratory (LS) strains of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, by using standard honeydew and probing tests. The honeydew production was higher in RS strain (7.12 and 14.63 cm2) as compared to LS strain (5.44 and 1.86 cm2) in both the imidacloprid treated and untreated conditions, respectively. The probing test revealed an increased probing activity by both the LS and RS strains on imidacloprid treated seedlings as compared to the untreated. The number of probing marks by LS and RS strains on the treated seedlings were 16 and 31, whereas in untreated seedlings 7 and 11 respectively. These results established the higher feeding capacity of imidacloprid resistant N. lugens strain as compared to the laboratory strain, measured in terms of probing behaviour and honeydew production.
Development and Evaluation of E-Brush Cutter for Harvesting of Pigeon Pea Crop
Authors: Dhimate Ashish S. , Srinivas I. , Adake Ravikant V , Reddy B. Sanjeeva , Pratibha G. , V Reddy Mallikarjuna , Modi Rajesh U.
Published: August 2024

Aims: To develop a battery-operated variable speed electric brush cutter (E-brush cutter) for Indian farmers with small size landholdings to reduce the fuel consumption and ultimately the cost of cultivation.
Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500 059, India.
Methodology: The e-brush cutter, which is developed, consists of one rotary blade as cutting unit, gearhead, DC motor, drive shaft, shoulder belt, handle assembly, motor controller and battery pack. The performance of e-brush cutter was evaluated for its power requirement at control and variable field conditions. The parameters like different plant stem diameter ranges (10-12, 17-19 and 24-26 mm), three cutting blade speeds (46, 53, 60 m/s) and two-crop moisture contents (47% and 37%) were selected to study the performance of e-brush cutter under control field condition. Further, comparative evaluation of both the brush cutters was conducted to find out average effective field capacity, cutting efficiency, grain loss and energy consumption under field conditions.
Results: The average power requirement of e-brush cutter for harvesting pigeon pea changes from 97.22-99.89 W, 134.22-158.11 W and 151.67-184.11 W for the three diameter ranges from 10-12, 17-19 and 24-26 mm as moisture content reduces from 47% to 37%, respectively, irrespective of blade speed. Similarly, net power requirement varies from 21.89-24-56, 58.89-82.78 and 76.33 -108.78 W. Further, the average effective field capacity of 0.034 and 0.037 ha/h, cutting efficiency of 95.66 % and 96.66% and grain loss of 1.47% and 1.55% was observed with engine operated brush cutter and e-brush cutter respectively at modified field condition. The energy consumption of 68.80 MJ/ha was recorded with e- brush cutter, which is 13% of the energy required by the engine operated brush cutter.
Conclusion: The performance evaluation revealed that adoption of electric brush cutter could be technically feasible, energy efficient and eco-friendly.