bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuciones del feminismo posestructuralista al activismo de las personas con discapacidad en el contexto chileno
Authors: Lapierre Acevedo Michelle
Published: January 2022

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar la influencia del feminismo posestructuralista en los movimientos de las personas con discapacidad. A través de una metodología hermenéutica interpretativa se analiza cómo las ideas de feministas posestructuralistas que comienzan en la década de los 90’ se relacionaron fuertemente con los activismos de la discapacidad desde los 2000 en adelante. Los resultados del análisis revelan que en especial las ideas de Judith Butler, Donna Haraway y P. Beatriz Preciado han influenciado la emergencia y desarrollo de movimientos sociales de la discapacidad bajo conceptos como el conocimiento situado, la resistencia, la somatopolítica, la deconstrucción del género, el orgullo gay, la experimentación del cuerpo, entre otros. Se concluye que existe una relación estrecha entre epistemología feminista posestructuralista y activismo de la discapacidad, constituyendo este último un espacio donde la epistemología se encarna y a la vez, la tensiona y renueva a través la vivencia política.
La inteligencia emocional en niños y jóvenes con necesidades educativas especiales de tipo intelectual
Authors: Garrote Rojas Daniel , Castro Garrote Carla , Jiménez-Fernández Sara
Published: January 2022

Esta investigación se basa en una revisión sistemática sobre la inteligencia emocional y las personas con necesidades especiales de tipo intelectual. Realizándose una descripción sobre los diferentes modelos teóricos e implicación educativa actual, con el objetivo de describir las investigaciones que justifican la necesidad de su desarrollo en personas con discapacidad intelectual. Utilizando las bases de datos Google Académico y Dialnet se han obtenido 25 artículos, los cuales describen sus beneficios para el bienestar personal, la autoeficacia, la autoestima, la confianza y la seguridad que les proporciona. El desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional les proporciona mayor satisfacción vital y calidad de vida debido a que facilita un mayor conocimiento, control y regulación emocional, convirtiéndose estos en recursos para afrontar los impulsos, la ansiedad, la frustración y el estrés de estas personas. Por tanto, se convierte en un eslabón más en su desarrollo y formación integral, facilitándoles y mejorando su desarrollo y relaciones interpersonales.
Prevención y diagnóstico precoz de la sordera por ototóxicos Recomendaciones CODEPEH 2020
Authors: Núñez Batalla Faustino , Jáudenes Casaubón Carmen , Sequí Canet José Miguel , Vivanco Allende Ana , Zubicaray Ugarteche José
Published: January 2022

Núñez, F. (2021). Prevención y diagnóstico precoz de la sordera por ototóxicos: recomendaciones CODEPEH 2020. Revista Española de Discapacidad, 9(2), pp. 155-178.
La Reforma del Derecho Civil a la luz de la Convención de Nueva York
Authors: Cabra de Luna Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2022

Cabra de Luna, M. A. (2021). La Reforma del Derecho Civil a la luz de la Convención de Nueva York: el rol de la Comisión de Legislación del Real Patronato sobre Discapacidad. Revista Española de Discapacidad, 9(2), pp. 179-191.
PARTICIPA, proyecto de investigación social sobre discapacidad
Authors: Cegarra Dueñas Blanca , Saurí Ruiz Joan
Published: January 2022

Cegarra, B. y Saurí, J. (2021). PARTICIPA, proyecto de investigación social sobre discapacidad. Revista Española de Discapacidad, 9(2), pp. 193-203.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC WELFARE AND THE LEVEL OF LIFE SATISFACTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF SELECTED COUNTRIES
Authors: Polak Ewa
Published: January 2022

The article presents problems related to life quality, life satisfaction and sense of happiness, their determinants, methods of measurement and dependence on the level of wealth and other conditions. Life quality is an abstract blurred term which depends on numerous factors. There is not any single, comprehensive definition, measure or cause of such phenomena as life quality, economic well-being or sense of happiness. Their evaluation depends on economic, political, cultural and social conditions and also on individual features, expectations and attitudes. More and more often, next to hard economic coefficients, social indicators are applied, and synthetic measures of the level of life quality or social and economic well-being are developed. The level of social development is strongly affected by the quality of human capital. The article presents an attempt at matching parameters and indicators which characterise various aspects of life quality and applying them for the development of synthetic measures of life quality in its different aspects. It is also aimed at comparing them with the current results obtained by research studies in this field. The aim of the article is to provide an assessment of diversification in the levels of living conditions observed in some selected countries – its size, specificity and cause-effect relations with the use of the listed parameters and measures. The research on life quality should be applied to the assessment of the efficiency of social and economic policy which has been currently implemented.
Wie widerstandsfähig ist der Deutsche Bundestag? Reaktionen des Parlaments auf die Finanz- und die Corona-Krise
Authors: Pyschny Anastasia
Published: January 2022

How can the German Bundestag ensure its ability to act in times of crisis? In principle, two instruments are available: The legislative process can either be accelerated or the govern­ment can be given powers to issue ordinances . In both the financial and the Corona crises, the parliament made use of those options, albeit earned (sometimes severe) criticism for doing so . The comparative analysis shows how the Bundestag exercised its legislative and control functions at the beginning of the two crises and reveals clear differences between them with regard to design and effect . They indicate an increased functional resilience of the Bundestag at the beginning of the Corona pandemic as compared to the financial crisis . It also becomes apparent that respective learning processes occurred not only by parliament but also by the governmental actors .
Landesparlamente in der Pandemie: Ein Erfahrungsbericht aus Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Jennewein Julia , Mutzbauer Philipp
Published: January 2022

The German state parliaments (Landtage) followed different strategies to maintain parlia­mentary influence during the Covid-19 pandemic . In the early phase of the pandemic in 2020, crucial groundwork was laid for successfully ensuring the parliaments’ ability to function . Technical and organisational measures secured continuity in all state parliaments of Germany . A closer investigation of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate shows changes in internal processes and outside communication . The Council of Elders in particular gained importance at the beginning of the pandemic in its dual function as a parliamentary steering committee and as an instrument of transparent pluralistic public relations of the parliament . A higher need for information was met by an equally increased demand for knowledge from the citizens and the media . The Landtag attempted to fulfill it through the digitalization of committees and an increase in communication activities . All in all, it suc­ceeded to counteract a loss of importance in relation to the executive .
Corona als „Stunde der Regierungsparteien“? Die Folgen der Covid-19-Pandemie für das Parteiensystem
Authors: Niedermayer Oskar
Published: January 2022

Within weeks after its occurrence in March 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic led to major changes in the structure of the German party system . The pandemic was an external shock that changed the relations of the parties to each other and their strength in the polls . Until the end of 2020, there was broad support for the governing parties, in particular for the CDU/CSU . Following mismanagement of the crisis response, high expectations were dis­appointed in early 2021 and a general loss of trust and support in the political decisions makers could be registered . However, a third phase was characterized by a lightening of infections and more dominated by the party campaigns in the run-up to the federal elec­tion in September 2021 . All in all, the different campaign strategies and individual gaffes of leading candidates were most important for the outcome as was a general, yet diffuse wish

for change . All in all, the pandemic did have a strong influence on the German party sys­tem, but it was not decisive for the results of the 2021 Bundestag elections .
The European Parliament and Covid-19: Organisational Adaptations and their Implications on Parliamentary Activity
Authors: Brack Nathalie , Costa Olivier , Marié Awenig
Published: January 2022

As early as March 2020, the President of the European Parliament decided to shut down the assembly’s facilities in Brussels and to cancel the plenary sessions in Strasbourg . Impor­tant decisions were made to abandon in-person meetings, introduce teleworking for all staff, and implement remote deliberation and voting both in committees and in the plena­ry . The Rules of Procedure were adapted to formalize these organisational changes and make them ready for future crises . All in all, the European Parliament proved to be resilient and adaptive: it continued to discuss and adopt many legislative, budgetary, and non-legis­lative texts in the plenary . However, remote-work did have an impact on the political dynamics within Parliament . It was characterised by a very high level of consensus, as the result of a higher level of agreement between the two main party groups, the European People’s Party and the Socialists & Democrats . Those main groups also became much more cohesive .
Mehr Fortschritt wagen – Der Vertrag der Ampelkoalition zwischen vorsichtiger Erneuerung und rasendem Stillstand
Authors: Knieps Franz
Published: January 2022

Erstmals in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik regiert eine Ampelkoalition aus Sozialdemokraten, Bündnisgrünen und Freien Demokraten. Der Beitrag beschreibt die wesentlichen Inhalte des Kapitels über die Gesundheits- und Pflegepolitik im Koalitionsvertrag und fragt, was nicht im Vertrag steht. Er sucht nach den strategischen Schwerpunkten und prüft, ob die geplanten Veränderungen geeignet und ausreichend sind, die Herausforderungen an das Gesundheitswesen zu meistern, Schwächen auszumerzen und Potenziale zu erschließen.
Disappearances in Mexico: An Analysis Based on the Northeast Region
Authors: Ansolabehere Karina , Martos Alvaro
Published: January 2022

The research for this chapter focuses on the analysis of the characteristics of disappearances in Mexico through four logics: its clandestine nature, disposable peoples, political economy, and ambiguous loss. Each of these logics describes and explains the subtle meanings behind disappearances in an environment characterised by a convergence of multiple forms of violence. Disappearance in this context is used as a specific repertoire of violent action. The empirical analysis uses an original database containing information on 1364 disappearance cases documented by human rights NGOs in Northeastern México (Tamaulipas, Nuevo León and Coahuila) between 2007 and 2017, in the context of the so-called ‘war on drugs’ as well us document analysis.
Technological trends of higher education development
Authors: Arsenijević Jasmina , Arsenijević Dejan
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the Internet of Things and Technology-Supported Learning Environments, which represent current technological trends of higher education development. The method used in the paper is content analysis of available scientific literature - theoretical and empirical. It is shown how the application and integration of these technologies trigger significant socio-technological changes in the conditions in which higher education operates. The results show that the application of these technologies enables material savings, that it can result in increasing of the efficiency and effectiveness of the higher education processes and in adapting of the teaching process to the individual needs of students. The paper further discusses the challenges and risks that these technological change can bring to higher education and society as a whole. In the conclusion, it is pointed out that despite the numerous advantages that are being realized, it is necessary to develop human resource competencies and find solutions related to the ethical use of data.
Facets of primary and secondary school students' wellbeing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative analysis of Austrian and Italian educational policy
Authors: Francesconi Denis , Gross Barbara , Agostini Evi
Published: January 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has revealed the limits of current social and educational structures. In most countries, COVID-19 has compromised the wellbeing of students, but also of their families and teachers. During the first wave of the pandemic, school systems all over the world had to respond quickly and appropriately to the systemic shock it represented, and countries put a variety of different policy measures in place to tackle its extensive impact. The theoretical framework adopted in this paper is a critical perspective and the policy framework is the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); it provides a qualitative analysis of selected educational policies deployed by Italy and Austria to support the wellbeing of school pupils. The two countries deployed different education governance and emergency management strategies, in particular during the first wave of the pandemic. We applied our theoretical and policy frameworks to qualitative content analysis of educational policy documents from February to the end of August 2020, aiming to evaluate the responses to crisis of different education systems and potentially to support their improvement. The overall research question was: How did educational policies in Italy and Austria support students' wellbeing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic? The results confirm that the Italian and Austrian systems had different strategies to support wellbeing and put different initiatives in place. However, educational policies in both countries, and especially Italy, had a stronger focus on the physical wellbeing of individual students during the period under study, and tended to neglect social wellbeing. The paper concludes by reflecting on the opportunities presented by this emergency for school systems to position wellbeing (in the broader sense of eudaimonic wellbeing) at the centre of educational policy
To be connected: Supporting self-regulated learning in higher music education before and during the pandemic
Authors: Mutavdžin Dejana , Stančić Milan , Bogunović Blanka
Published: January 2022

In online learning, students are expected to take on more responsibility for their education, while teachers are expected to support students' self-regulated learning (SRL) skills. In this research, we explore whether young musicians perceive a difference in the actions that their major music teacher (MMT) took to support their SRL skills before and during the pandemic, and investigate their view on how the MMT could further support their learning. The sample included 144 students of the Faculty of Music in Belgrade, who filled in the online inventory comprised of 24 questions - 17 parallel Likert-type items (referring to the MMT's actions supporting SRL skills, before and during the pandemic), and one question was a short letter to the MMT. Data were analysed using dependent t-test, ANOVA and reflexive thematic analysis. Students perceived that SRL skills were more encouraged before than during the pandemic. Additionally, our findings show that music students who did not have in-person and online communication, separately, with their MMTs perceived they had lower support to self-regulate their learning. The findings from qualitative analysis inform educational practice by pointing to specific teacher's actions that students perceive as important for their further development.
Esbozos de una hermenéutica crítica en "Ideología y utopía" de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Lythgoe Esteban
Published: January 2022

En el presente artículo presentaremos algunos de los aspectos centrales del concepto ricoeuriano de hermenéutica crítica a partir de lo que se desprende de su análisis y discusión con las obras de Althusser y Habermas. En términos generales, mientras que las investigaciones históricas del primero apuntan a poner de manifiesto las estrategias de la reproducción de los sistemas de poder, el segundo propone un proyecto liberador basado en una construcción utópica independiente de la historia. El uso que hacen Althusser y Habermas del psicoanálisis nos acercará tangencialmente al vínculo de Ricoeur con esta disciplina. Concluiremos señalando al concepto de “memoria feliz”, desarrollado en La memoria, la historia, el olvido, como un ejemplo de utopía y muestra de que Ricoeur mantendrá algunos aspectos centrales de esta propuesta hasta el final de su vida.
An analysis of individual differences in arithmetic
Authors: Jarvis Oscar T.
Published: January 2022

It is common knowledge among teachers of arithmetic that individual pupil differences in the elementary school are very pronounced at every grade level. It is equally apparent that the range of individual differences increases from grade level to grade level. Wrightstone has stated that these differences may be as great as three to four years in the first-grade, five to six years in the fourth-gmde, and seven to eight years at the sixth-grade level.1 Beck, Cook and Kearney have observed, however, that normally in “arithmetic reasoning and computation the range is … between six and seven years at the sixth-grade level.”2
Prospective teachers' attitudes toward arithmetic
Authors: Smith Frank
Published: January 2022

Slightly over ten years ago Wilbur H. Dutton* presented the results of a study of the attitudes of prospective teachers toward arithmetic as determined by an objective evaluation instrument. This present study compares the attitudes toward arithmetic of prospective teachers today with those reported by Dutton.
A Longitudinal Study of Learning to Use Children's Thinking in Mathematics Instruction
Authors: Fennema Elizabeth , Carpenter Thomas P. , Franke Megan L. , Levi Linda , Jacobs Victoria R. , Empson Susan B.
Published: January 2022

This study examined changes in the beliefs and instruction of 21 primary grade teachers over a 4-year period in which the teachers participated in a CGI (Cognitively Guided Instruction) teacher development program that focused on helping the teachers understand the development of children's mathematical thinking by interacting with a specific research-based model. Over the 4 years, there were fundamental changes in the beliefs and instruction of 18 teachers such that the teachers' role evolved from demonstrating procedures to helping children build on their mathematical thinking by engaging them in a variety of problem-solving situations and encouraging them to talk about their mathematical thinking. Changes in the instruction of individual teachers were directly related to changes in their students' achievement. For every teacher, class achievement in concepts and problem solving was higher at the end of the study than at the beginning. In spite of the shift in emphasis from skills to concepts and problem solving, there was no overall change in computational performance. The findings suggest that developing an understanding of children's mathematical thinking can be a productive basis for helping teachers to make the fundamental changes called for in current reform recommendations.
Coordinating Visual and Analytic Strategies: A Study of Students' Understanding of the Group D4
Authors: Zazkis Rina , Dubinsky Ed , Dautermann Jennie
Published: January 2022

This study contributes to the ongoing discussion of visualization and analysis in mathematical thinking. On the basis of data gathered from clinical interviews with 32 students in their first abstract algebra course, we consider the tasks of listing the elements of the dihedral group D4 and finding the product of two such elements. These problems can be solved either using a “visual” approach of transforming a square or an “analytic” approach of multiplying permutations. Rather than clearly preferring either a visual or analytic strategy, most students in our study used some combination of these approaches. Our results suggest that the conventional analyzer/visualizer dichotomy may not be an appropriate classification scheme for describing learning processes or for designing instruction. We propose an alternative model, the Visualizer/Analyzer or VA model, that assumes visualization and analysis to be mutually dependent in mathematical problem solving, rather than unrelated opposites. Our model provides one description of how this mutual dependence might function. We end by considering how pedagogical approaches might be designed in consonance with this model to help students coordinate visual and analytic thinking.
Research Commentary: On Gap Gazing in Mathematics Education: The Need for Gaps Analyses
Authors: Lubienski Sarah Theule
Published: January 2022

Analyses of disparities in students' mathematics experiences and outcomes are an essential part of efforts to promote equity. Scholars concerned about equity should not write off such analyses as mere “gap gazing.” Research on gaps between underserved groups and their more advantaged peers are important for shaping public opinion and informing education policy. Analyses of gaps also inform mathematics education research and practice, illuminating which groups and curricular areas are most in need of intervention and additional study. Instead of pulling back from gaps analyses, the mathematics education community should move toward more skilled and nuanced analyses and integrate research on instructional reforms with careful analyses of their impact on disparities in student outcomes broadly defined.
Mathematics Teachers’ Understanding of Privilege and Oppression
Authors: Bartell Tonya , Koestler Courtney , Foote Mary Q.
Published: January 2022

The Access, Allies, and Agency in Mathematical Systems project team designed a professional development for mathematics teachers positioning equity at the systemic level and activities aimed at supporting mathematics teachers in considering the influence of privilege and oppression on mathematics teaching and learning (Scroggins, 2017). Here, we examine the levels of oppression activity, aimed at supporting mathematics teachers in understanding that oppression operates at multiple levels (i.e., as a system) and that these levels exist and operate in/on mathematics education. Such understanding can support mathematics teachers in disrupting inequities, and how mathematics teachers engage in this activity can support mathematics teacher educators in preparing teachers to do such work. Specifically, we explore the question: How does this activity support mathematics teachers’ understanding of levels of oppression?
La Neguentropía. ¿Cómo sabe una planta que llega la primavera?
Authors: Janés Clara
Published: January 2022

La vida contiene un fenómeno irreversible, la entropía, tendencia hacia el desorden, fruto del intercambio de energía y materia con el entorno, vinculado con la segunda ley de la termodinámica. Un elemento que contribuye a ello es el azar, «el acaso comprensible», para Schrödinger, y según Prigogine comporta la autonomía del tiempo. Schrödinger se pregunta cómo un organismo vivo logra «evitar la degradación al equilibrio termodinámico (muerte)», y responde: «con cierto nivel de entropía negativa», es decir, «Extrayendo ‘orden’ del entorno».
El cómic como espacio abierto. Las posibilidades expresivas a través de sus formatos. Segunda parte
Authors: Bordes Cabrera Enrique , Merino Ana
Published: January 2022

Introducción al dossier.
Innovaciones en el cómic digital. El caso de Modern Polaxis
Authors: Sánchez de Mora Díaz Pablo
Published: January 2022

En los últimos años hemos visto cómo el cómic digital ha ido ganando relevancia en todos los sentidos. Cada vez hay más autores que nos proponen diferentes formas de leer cómic, siendo la tecnología una herramienta más para este fin. Sin embargo, el debate acerca de trazar los límites sobre el uso de ciertos recursos como son la animación y el sonido en el cómic digital sigue estando vigente. Modern Polaxis (2014) es una obra que se balancea sobre esta delgada línea al ser un cómic en papel que recurre a la realidad aumentada. Analizaremos este cómic y otros casos para para hablar del presente debate acerca del uso de recursos audiovisuales en el cómic digital.
La présence de la nuit dans Wakolda de Lucía Puenzo
Authors: Balutet Nicolas
Published: January 2022

This paper analyzes the presence and significance of the night in the novel Wakolda by Lucía Puenzo and also in the film adaptation of the text. The novel presents the short period during which the former Auschwitz extermination camp doctor, Josef Mengele, supposedly spent under the name of Helmut Gregor in Bariloche in Argentina. It is clear that there is no shortage of expressions linked to night when it comes to evoking the horrors committed by the Nazis. True to its etymology, the time between sunset and sunrise, is marked by the presence of darkness conducive to crimes. The paper thus links the night to the ideas of destruction, misfortune and death. The night is analyzed on three levels: as a singular space-temporal concept, as a symbol of criminal acts, and as a mirror of the sexual awakening of the character of Lilith.
Image quality evaluation of multimodal imaging of muon
Authors: Huo Yong-Gang , Yan Jiang-Yu , Zhang Quan-Hu ,   School of Nuclear Engineering, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an 710025, China
Published: January 2022

Both the information about the scattering of muons due to their interaction with material and the information about the material-stopped muons generating secondary induced neutrons effectively are used for multimodal imaging of muon. In order to evaluate the image quality of multimodal imaging of muon, the detection model is established based on Geant4 and the reliability of the detection model is verified. Both the multiple Coulomb scattering module and the muon induced neutron module prove to be reliable. The multimodal imaging simulation program is developed, and the images are reconstructed on the basis of the simulated data. Four imaging models are developed. The first model is a line pair model used to study the spatial resolution of reconstructed images with imaging time ranging from two hours to two weeks. The line pair model is composed of 235U and the length of each line pair is set to be 100 mm. The cross sections are set to be 42, 42, 62, 62, 102, 102, 202, and 202 mm2, respectively. The second model is a cube model used to study the material resolution of reconstructed images with imaging time ranging from one hour to twelve hours. The side length of each cube is 100 mm. The third model is the cladding model used to test the reliability of multimodal imaging images in complex shielding situations. The outermost layer is of lead, with the side length being 140 mm and the thickness 40 mm. The middle layer is of iron, with the side length being 100 mm and the thickness 40 mm. The innermost layer of 235U, with the side length being 60 mm. The last letter model is used to calculate the structural similarity of reconstructed images, with imaging time ranging from half an hour to twelve hours. The letter model is made of 235U and consists of cubes with side length of 50 mm. The letters “E” and “P” are made up of 16 cubes and 15 cubes respectively. The spatial resolution reaches 4 mm when imaging time is within 12 hours. The 235U and other common high-z, medium-z, and low-z material can be distinguished when imaging time is on the order of hours. Muon scattering imaging image of the cladding model will cause misjudgment. However, the multimodal imaging image can correctly reflect the existence of 235U. The structure similarity between the reconstructed image and the reference image in different imaging times proves that multimodal imaging has higher quality than single imaging method. The study indicates that the multimodal imaging of muon has better imaging quality, can adapt to more complex imaging scenes and has more advantages in the detection and recognition of special nuclear material than muon imaging method with single interaction information.
Growth behavior of WO3 crystal topological structure and its electrochromic properties
Authors: Shao Guang-Wei , Yu Rui , Fu Ting , Chen Nan-Liang , Liu Xiang-Yang ,   Engineering Research Center of Technical Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China,   College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Published: January 2022

In this work, WO3 crystal structure films are deposited on conductive glass substrates by seed layer assisted hydrothermal reaction method. Through controlling the concentration of hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, and the hydrothermal postprocessing temperature, the micro-peony, micro urchin-like, and porous petal-like WO3 crystal structures are obtained respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical characterization are used to study the formation mechanism of different structures and their effects on the electrochromic properties of WO3 films. The Cl– in HCl has a strong promoting role towards the c axis in WO3 crystal growth and oxalic acid has a promoting effect towards an a axis. In terms of color efficiency, the CE value of micro-urchin is 42.37 cm2/C, far greater than those of two other WO3 structures, 15.21 cm2/C and 12.71 cm2/C. Owing to the cold-water quenching treatment, the CE value of WO3 micro-peony with porous surface structure is 56.95 cm2/C, quadruple CE value of the smooth surface structure, slightly better than that of the micro-urchin structure.
Sealing The Cracks in the Wear Layer of the Road Surface by Friction against a Rotary Active Element
Authors: Ionita Stefan , Velicu Stefan
Published: January 2022

The main objective of the research paper is the theoretical and experimental analysis of the method proposed for sealing (clogging) cracks in asphalt, by means of a cylindrical bitumen bar, enriched with plastic and rubber granules (obtained from the use of waste), which melts and infuses into the cracked zone by rotation and friction against it. After analyzing the technical characteristics of the sealed area and the time required to apply the bitumen layer, this method can be chosen in the future to the detriment of the expensive operations of partial milling of the cracked wear layer, making possible the repair of cracks by sealing(clogging), using the friction procedure. The research results highlighted the diminution of road maintenance costs using the method of friction, the decrease of cracks repair time, maintaining the initial characteristics of the repaired area, incorporating a waterproofing material (plastic and rubbber granules from recycled waste), keeping the wear layer in good conditions, possibility of embedding an intelligent system of traffic monitoring at low costs etc.
Management of Water Resources in Agriculture in Chile and its Challenges
Authors:   Guillermo Donoso Departamento de Economía Agraria Centro de Derecho y Gestión de Aguas Pontificia Universidad Católica de CHile, Donoso Guillermo
Published: January 2022

Water is a strategic resource for agricultural development, particularly in the arid and semiarid regions of central and northern Chile. Currently, irrigated surfaces contribute between 60 and 65% of the country’s agricultural GDP. Associated with Chile’s economic growth, total consumptive water use has increased, which, together with population growth, urbanization, water contamination and pollution, has led to important water stress situations that are triggering a greater number of conflicts and social, economic, and environmental vulnerability. The above phenomena will be exacerbated by climate change. At present, surface water deficit covering irrigation demands exists in the central and northern regions. This deficit is projected to increase as a result of climate change, which would increase the challenges for satisfying agricultural water requirements. The objective of this article is to integrally review the key aspects of Chilean water and agricultural water management policies, considering their interphases, providing the reader with a general overview of the main features of this model, an evaluation of its effectiveness and the main challenges agricultural water management faces. Resolving the challenges of the future requires a thorough reconsideration of water management policies and institutions and how water is managed in the agricultural sector in the broader context of overall water resource management in Chile.
Study and Feasibility of a Flat Collector Cooker using Vegetal Heat Transfer Fluid
Authors: Kalifa Palm , Arouna Kabore , Boukaré Ouedraogo , Roland Lankouande , Oumar Sanogo , Dieudonné Bathiebo Joseph , Siaka Toure , Belkacem Zeghmati
Published: January 2022

Solar cookers currently produced are solar systems that use parabolic heat transfer to concentrate sun rays on a cooker. The new trend is focus on the cooker that uses a flat collector operating as a thermosiphon where the heat transfer fluid (oil) flows by natural convection. They are developed to address household needs at a lower cost, making them popular both in terms of research and use. Some of vegetable oils were previously investigated and which could be used as heat transfer fluids in such systems. A digital study using vegetable oil called "Kibi oil", an artisanal oil produced in Côte d’Ivoire, as a coolant, was conducted under poor weather conditions to calculate temperatures that could be reached in these cases. In the Sahelian zone, conditions are much better than these, and we can expect fairly excellent results.

This study focused on temperature variation at different areas (1, 2, 3 and 4 specified in the diagram) of the cooker, on the mass flow of the fluid throughout the study day and to some quantities which enable to follow the performance of the solar collector of the stove. Sunlight measurements used are those of the city of Abidjan made in September, a very cloudy day with poor weather conditions. Temperature T3, very close to that of the hot plate, was around 110 °C between 10:30 am and 12:30 pm, which enables to cook certain dishes during this period. It should be noticed that at the exit of the flat panel collector, over the same period, the temperature is around 120 ° C. At that same time, the collector efficiency varies around 30%.
The Conclusion of ‘Lateral Flow between Bald and Vegetation Patches Induces the Degradation of Alpine Meadow in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau’ is Inaccurate
Authors: Li Wenjing
Published: January 2022

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “The Conclusion of ‘Lateral Flow between Bald and Vegetation Patches Induces the Degradation of Alpine Meadow in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau’ is Inaccurate”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
Farmers’ Information Sources and Constraints to Climate Adaptability in Ondo State Nigeria
Authors: Akinwalere B. O.
Published: January 2022

The study assessed farmers’ information sources and constraints to climatic adaptability in Ondo state, Nigeria. Specifically, the study ascertained the socio-economics characteristics of the respondents; examined the sources of information on climate change adaptability available to both gender respondents; compared the perceived knowledge of climate change adaptability of the respondents; determined the factors influencing respondents’ access to information on climate change adaptability; determine the factors influencing respondents utilization of information on climate change adaptability; and also identified the constraints faced by respondents relating to climatic adaptability. Multi-staged sampling technique was used to select and interviewed equal samples of male and female farmers of 120 respondents. Both the descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out and results showed that the mean age of farmers was 43.5 years, 82.5% of the farmers were married, with an average household size of 7 members. The average years of experience was 12.3 years, average size of farm land is 4.7 hectares. Results showed that farmers had access to information mainly through family and friends (70.8%). Majority of the farmers perceived climate change through higher sunshine intensity (97.5%), the adaptation activity embarked upon mostly by farmers was mulching (97.5%). The major factor influencing respondent’s access to information was electricity (=2.58). The major factor influencing utilization of information was past experience about climate change (=2.47), the major constraint to climatic adaptability were power (=4.28) and poor information on warning system ( =4.27).
Serum Leptin and Earlier Stages of Nephropathy among Type 2 Diabetic Subjects in a Bangladeshi population
Authors: Karim Sheikh Anwarul , Jamal Samira , Ridwan Raihan Sheikh Mahee , Chowdhury Mohammad Alamgir Ahmed , Faroque Omar , Bishwash Kazol Baron , Ali Liaquat , Mehtab Hajera
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of Serum Leptin and Early Nephropathy among uncontrolled type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism (BIRDEM), Dhaka and Endocrinology department of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College (SOMC) & Hospital Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Methods: This study was carried out from January 2013 to December 2015 among 100 type 2 diabetic patients from the outpatient department (OPD) BIRDEM and SOMC hospital.

Results: 16 out of 30 controls and 65 out of 100 people with diabetes have a family history of diabetes. Early retinopathy and neuropathy were observed in 45.5% and 36.5% diabetic subjects. Mean±SD of serum urea in control subjects was 28.65±6.27; in diabetic subjects was 30.21±7.67. Serum creatinine in controls was 1.12±0.24, in diabetic subjects was 1.13±0.25. Serum leptin levels in control subjects {1.65 (0.05-8.66)} was lower than diabetic counterpart {1.21 (0.11-13.3)}. Leptin levels in male controls {(1.29 (0.05-2.49)} was significantly (P 0.000) lower than the female controls {4.03 (0.05-8.66)}.

Conclusion: It was evident that there was very little or no association between serum leptin level and the indices of renal function. No changes of circulating serum Leptin concentration in the earlier stages of Diabetic Nephropathy were found.
The T1‐tetramerisation domain of Kv1.2 rescues expression and preserves function of a truncated NaChBac sodium channel
Authors: D’Avanzo Nazzareno , Miles Andrew J. , Powl Andrew M. , Nichols Colin G. , Wallace B.A. , O’Reilly Andrias O.
Published: January 2022

Cytoplasmic domains frequently promote functional assembly of multimeric ion channels. To investigate structural determinants of this process, we generated the ‘T1‐chimera’ construct of the NaChBac sodium channel by truncating its C‐terminal domain and splicing the T1‐tetramerisation domain of the Kv1.2 channel to the N terminus. Purified T1‐chimera channels were tetrameric, conducted Na+ when reconstituted into proteoliposomes, and were functionally blocked by the drug mibefradil. Both the T1‐chimera and full‐length NaChBac had comparable expression levels in the membrane, whereas a NaChBac mutant lacking a cytoplasmic domain had greatly reduced membrane expression. Our findings support a model whereby bringing the transmembrane regions into close proximity enables their tetramerisation. This phenomenon is found with other channels, and thus, our findings substantiate this as a common assembly mechanism.
Interorgan crosstalk in pancreatic islet function and pathology
Authors: Evans Ronald M. , Wei Zong
Published: January 2022

Pancreatic β cells secrete insulin in response to glucose, a process that is regulated at multiple levels, including a network of input signals from other organ systems. Impaired islet function contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and targeting inter‐organ communications, such as GLP‐1 signalling, to enhance β‐cell function has been proven to be a successful therapeutic strategy in the last decade. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in inter‐organ communication from the metabolic, immune and neural system to pancreatic islets, their biological implication in normal pancreas endocrine function and their role in the (mal)adaptive responses of islet to nutrition‐induced stress.
A Phase 1 study of GDC‐0134, a dual leucine zipper kinase inhibitor, in ALS
Authors: Katz Jonathan S. , Rothstein Jeffrey D. , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Genge Angela , Oskarsson Björn , Hains Avis B. , Chen Chen , Galanter Joshua , Burgess Braydon L. , Cho William , Kerchner Geoffrey A. , Yeh Felix L. , Ghosh Arundhati Sengupta , Cheeti Sravanthi , Brooks Logan , Honigberg Lee , Couch Jessica A. , Rothenberg Michael E. , Brunstein Flavia , Sharma Khema R. , van den Berg Leonard , Berry James D. , Glass Jonathan D.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK), which regulates the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway involved in axon degeneration and apoptosis following neuronal injury, is a potential therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This first‐in‐human study investigated safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of oral GDC‐0134, a small‐molecule DLK inhibitor. Plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels were explored in GDC‐0134‐treated ALS patients and DLK conditional knockout (cKO) mice.

Methods

The study included placebo‐controlled, single and multiple ascending‐dose (SAD; MAD) stages, and an open‐label safety expansion (OLE) with adaptive dosing for up to 48 weeks.

Results

Forty‐nine patients were enrolled. GDC‐0134 (up to 1200 mg daily) was well tolerated in the SAD and MAD stages, with no serious adverse events (SAEs). In the OLE, three study drug‐related SAEs occurred: thrombocytopenia, dysesthesia (both Grade 3), and optic ischemic neuropathy (Grade 4); Grade ≤2 sensory neurological AEs led to dose reductions/discontinuations. GDC‐0134 exposure was dose‐proportional (median half‐life = 84 h). Patients showed GDC‐0134 exposure‐dependent plasma NFL elevations; DLK cKO mice also exhibited plasma NFL compared to wild‐type littermates.

Interpretation

This trial characterized GDC‐0134 safety and PK, but no adequately tolerated dose was identified. NFL elevations in GDC‐0134‐treated patients and DLK cKO mice raised questions about interpretation of biomarkers affected by both disease and on‐target drug effects. The safety profile of GDC‐0134 was considered unacceptable and led to discontinuation of further drug development for ALS. Further work is necessary to understand relationships between neuroprotective and potentially therapeutic effects of DLK knockout/inhibition and NFL changes in patients with ALS.
Study on the Mechanical Property of High‐Performance Silicon Carbide Fiber
Authors: Guo Weina , Gao Yantao , Hu Wenfeng , Wu Xiangji , Zhou Haijun
Published: January 2022

The mechanical behavior of silicon carbide (SiC) fiber used in ceramic matrix composites is valuable to permit the prediction of composite behavior and tailoring of composite properties. Herein, single‐fiber tensile tests of different SiC fibers are carried out and Weibull analysis is implemented to characterize its tensile property. To better understand its mechanical behavior, the surface and tensile fracture morphology of different fibers are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the fiber elemental composition along the radial distribution is qualitatively analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Also, the crystallinity and crystallite size of the fiber are analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the tensile strength of SiC fiber conforms to the Weibull distribution, and its mechanical property is influenced by the surface morphology, elemental composition, crystallinity, and crystallite size.
The Learning Loop: Conceptualizing Just‐in‐Time Faculty Development
Authors: Yilmaz Yusuf , Papanagnou Dimitrios , Fornari Alice , Chan Teresa M.
Published: January 2022

Background

As technology advances, the gap between learning and doing continues to close—especially for frontline academic faculty and clinician educators. For busy clinician faculty members, it can be difficult to find time to engage in skills and professional development. Competing interests between clinical care and various forms of academic work (e.g., research, administration, education) all create challenges for traditional group‐based and/or didactic faculty development.

Methods

The authors engaged in a synthetic narrative review of literature from several unrelated fields: learning technologies, medical education/health professions education, general/higher education. The aim for this review was to synthesize this pre‐existing literature to propose a new conceptual model.

Results

The authors propose a new conceptual model, theJust‐In‐Time Learning Loop, to guide the development of online faculty development for just‐in‐time delivery.

Conclusions

TheJust‐In‐Time Learning Loopis a new conceptual framework that may be of use to those engaging in online, digital learning design. Faculty developers, especially in emergency medicine, can integrate leading concepts from the technology‐enhanced learning field (e.g., microlearning, micro‐credentialing, badging) to create new types of learning experiences for their end‐users.
The Journal Club 3.0: A qualitative, multisite study examining a new educational paradigm in the era of open educational resources
Authors: Ting Daniel K. , Bailey Britt H. , Scheuermeyer Frank X. , Harris Devin R. , Chan Teresa M.
Published: January 2022

Background

The journal club is a ubiquitous and time‐honored tradition within medical education. However, in recent years, open educational resources (OERs) have become increasingly influential in how physicians interact with the medical literature across multiple specialties. The authors sought to explore how emergency medicine (EM) resident physicians reconcile different perspectives across OERs into their educational experience at the journal club.

Methods

From January 2018 to September 2019, the authors enrolled 25 EM residents from four teaching sites associated with the University of British Columbia, Canada, to participate in either a focus group (seven residents) or individual interviews (18 residents). The authors used a snowball sampling technique. Using a constructivist grounded theory analysis, two investigators independently reviewed transcripts, meeting regularly to discuss themes until sufficiency was achieved.

Results

The study data expand the theoretical understanding of the resident journal club experience. Residents used multiple sources including OERs to learn about new evidence in the specialty. The rise of OERs helped residents to focus on developing critical appraisal skills and social bonds during the journal club. The local journal club gained a new relevancy in acting as a quality control mechanism against the premature adoption of research findings discussed in OERs.

Discussion

To date, most educators assume that residents prepare for a journal club by reading the selected articles and applying knowledge from their previous education. Instead, our findings suggest a more dynamic experience that integrates OERs. OERs enhance the journal club experience by allowing junior residents to more easily participate in discussions and to broaden the discussion to multiple clinical settings. Understanding these processes could inform future educational strategies around the journal club.