bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19: A Systematic Review of The Mechanisms of Injury to The Central Nervous System This Far
Authors: Loeb Laura , Mei Paulo Afonso
Published: August 2020

2019-nCoV (COVID-19) is a single-stranded, positive-sense, encapsulated betacoronavirus, and continues to spread throughout the world. Various neurological symptoms, ranging from mild to fatal, are continuously reported, raising the importance of a better understanding of the mechanisms through which 2019-nCoV invades and harms the central nervous system (CNS). A systematic review was performed using 18 articles and it was concluded that there is strong evidence supporting the link between 2019-nCoV and nervous damage, and that there are at least three means by which it may directly enter the CNS, and three by which it may cause indirect harm to the CNS.
Development of The Scale of Earthquake Knowledge Level: Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: GENÇ Murat , Sozen Erol
Published: August 2020

The study group of this research, which aims to develop The Scale of Earthquake Knowledge Level, consists of students studying at Duzce University in the academic year 2018-2019. A total of 728 volunteers, 501 of whom were women and 227 were men, was included in the research group determined by random sampling method. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, which was completed after testing the suitability of the data for analysis, the scale showed a three-dimensional structure consisting of 19 items. The factors that constitute the scale explain 61,744% of the variance. The sub-dimensions of the scale were named based on the knowledge about the earthquake. The suitability of the obtained model was 0.072 for RMSEA, 0.93 for NFI, 0,89 for GFI, 0.041 for RMR, and 0.86 for AGFI. As a result of the reliability analysis, the internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach alpha) of the scale was determined as 0.868. It is thought that this developed scale will provide support as a tool for educational purposes. It is recommended to carry out different researches that can help to investigate the level of knowledge about the earthquake with different variables.
Calculating time dilation using Euler’s formula
Authors: Conte Andrea
Published: August 2020

This paper shows how the time dilation due to motion, calculated normally using the Lorentz factor, can be encoded in the real part of a complex number by using the Euler's formula. The imaginary part of this complex number will contain the velocity. It also shows how the time dilation due to gravitational attraction can be encoded using the same formula. A combination of time dilation and gravitational time dilation is presented using this formula. The magnitude of this complex number represents the constancy of the speed of light.
Monoteisme Yahwe di Israel Apakah Sebelum Pembuangan Ataukah Pasca Pembuangan
Authors: BUDIMAN STEFANUS RACHMAT
Published: August 2020

Perdebatan akan Allah Israel dalam Perjanjian Lama, apakah bersifat politeis ataukah monoteis, telah lama diperdebatkan oleh para sarjana Perjanjian Lama. Masingmasing pihak memiliki pemahaman yang dibangun atas dasar yang diyakininya, dengan memakai berbagai data dan juga pendekatannya. Dari pendekatan dan pemakaian data seperti arkeologi, studi kritis Alkitab telah memunculkan pemahaman istilah beragam seperti monoteisme, politeisme, monolatri. Tulisan ini mencoba mengeksplorasi melalui data arkeologi dan Alkitab, kira-kira apakah pemahaman Israel atas Allah mereka bersifat politeis ataukah monoteis. Dari eksplanasi masing-masing argumen memang meyakini bahwa pemahaman Israel akan Allah bersifat monoteis. Hanya kalaupun bersifat monoteis, apakah itu bersifat absolut atau suatu proses sampai ujungnya menjadi monoteis yang absolut. Tulisan ini bersifat deskriptif dan menyimpulkan pada ujungnya untuk memberi gambaran bagaimana pemahaman akan Allah Israel.Kata kunci : Monoteisme, Politeisme, Monolatri, Arkeologi, Yahwe, Studi Kritis Alkitab
Application of Naive Bayes Classifier for Information Extraction
Authors: Nayak Nikhil Ranjan
Published: August 2020

Information retrieval (IR) is the activity of obtaining information resources that are relevant to an information need from a collection of those resources. Searches can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images or sounds.Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals and other documents; stores and manages those documents. Web Search Engines are the most visible IR applications.It is a classification technique based on Bayes’ Theorem with an assumption of independence among predictors. In simple terms, a Naive Bayes classifier assumes that the presence of a particular feature in a class is unrelated to the presence of any other feature.For example, a fruit may be considered to be an apple if it is red, round, and about 3 inches in diameter. Even if these features depend on each other or upon the existence of the other features, all of these properties independently contribute to the probability that this fruit is an apple and that is why it is known as ‘Naive’.Naive Bayes model is easy to build and particularly useful for very large data sets. Along with simplicity, Naive Bayes is known to outperform even highly sophisticated classification methods.
Parenting and child and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Whittle Sarah , Bray Katherine Olivia , Lin Sylvia , Schwartz Orli
Published: August 2020

Background: Early work indicates the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents. Understanding which children may be more at risk for mental health problems, and which risk factors are amenable to change is crucial. The importance of studying children’s mental health within the context of the family system is recognized. Methods: The current study investigated associations between parent factors, and children’s mental health during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic across a number of Western countries (primarily Australia and the United Kingdom). Parents (N = 385) reported on their pandemic-related stress, mental health, and parenting behaviors, in addition to mental health changes in their 5-17 year old children (N = 481) during April/May 2020. Results: Analyses revealed significant associations between parent COVID-19 pandemic stress, parent depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, and increases in child internalizing and externalizing problems. Harsh parenting behavior was associated with trauma symptoms and increases in externalizing problems. Further, some associations were more pronounced for children with existing mental health problems, and for disadvantaged and single parent families. Limitations: The data was cross-sectional, the majority of participant parents were female, and all data were parent-report. Conclusions: Findings suggest the importance of parents in influencing children’s mental health during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further work is needed to investigate longer-term impacts.
Problem severity, treatment duration, and the outcome of psychotherapy: The benefits keep growing with time spent in treatment for longer than previously known
Authors: Nordmo Magnus , Monsen Jon T. , Høglend Per Andreas , Solbakken Ole Andre
Published: August 2020

Findings from previous psychotherapy research suggest that the majority of improvement takes place in the initial phase of treatment with the relative effectiveness dropping at a negatively accelerating rate. However, the evidence for this pattern of change comes from investigations of short-term treatments and it is unclear whether this also holds for more flexible and long-term psychotherapy. We provided open-ended treatments under routine-care conditions for a representative sample of 370 patients, including a large proportion characterized by severe psychopathology. Patients attended 52 sessions on average (SD = 59, range = 1 - 364, Median = 36). Our results indicated that the degree of improvement was linearly associated with time spent in psychotherapy and contingent upon the severity of psychological problems at intake. The least severely afflicted received the shortest treatments, experienced the most rapid change but demonstrated smaller overall magnitudes of improvement. More severely suffering patients received longer treatments, had slower rates of change but received greater overall benefits. Among the patients who experienced clinically significant symptomatic improvement (47 %), a dose-response survival analysis indicated a median survival time of 57 sessions. We argue that previous suggestions of psychotherapy dosage have been inappropriate for patients suffering from moderate to severe psychopathology.
Revitalization of Tarompa Datuak Crafts Through Design Development as an Efforts to Strengthen Creative Economic Existence in the Era of Disruption
Authors: Muchtar Amrizal Amri , Akmal Ahmad , Prihatim Purwo , Sumadi Sumadi
Published: August 2020

The tarompa datuak traditional craft is one of the Minangkabau ethnic local cultural assets which can be explored to strengthen the existence of a creative economy in West Sumatra. However, the development of this craft has been eroded by time, its products are less in demand by consumers, crafters are increasingly reduced and there is no regeneration, this is caused by the absence of innovation on the product, so that the ergonomic aspects and aesthetic have not become the standard of product feasibility by the crafters. Revitalizing the tarompa datuak through the development of its product design is an urgent step to take. It aims to enrich the variety of products, increase the welfare of the community and is part of cultural preservation. Revitalization is done by using research and development methods, which starts with exploring the tarompa datuak model that already exists in West Sumatra to become a trendy model, according to the needs and desires of consumers. The revitalization process begins with exploration, design, prototype, implementation and evaluation of product feasibility, so that the product developed is empirically tested. The success of this revitalization lies in the flexibility of the community in adapting to changes in the era of disruption. The results obtained: innovative products, cultural pelestraian and community economic empowerment.
The Status of Livelihood Vulnerability and Its CopingCapacities of Urban Squatters in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Authors: Baral Chhabi Ram
Published: August 2020

Urban poverty is one of multidimensional issue in Nepal. Increasing immigration from the outer parts of Kathmandu due to rural poverty, unemployment and weak security of the lives and the properties are core causes pushing people into urban areas. In this context how squatter urban area people sustain their livelihoods is major concern. The objectives of the study are to find out livelihood assets and capacities squatters coping with their livelihood vulnerability in adverse situation. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied for data collection. It is found that squatters social security is weak, victimized by severe health problems earning is not regular with lack of physical facilities and overall livelihood is critical. This study helps to understand what the changes that have occurred in livelihood patterns and how poor people survive in urban area.
RETRACTED - Performed Interventions, and Public Claims: A Study of Solid Waste Management by Khadak Municipality
Authors: K.C. Abhiyan
Published: August 2020

Retraction Notice: On 18th September 2023, the Editors of Patan Pragya decided to retract this article after the author identified three types of errors in the article: a) grammatical errors; b) research paper internal structuring errors; and c) referencing errors.
Socio-Economic Status of Dalits Community in Sindhuli District
Authors: Neupane Bed Prasad
Published: August 2020

This study is based on Kamalamai Municipality, Sindhuli District. There are 56 households of Dalit (Damai 29 and Kami 27) in this area. The census method was used in the study where, total population is 365 from 56 households. Among them, 172 were male and 193 were female. The general objectives of this study are to identify demographic and socio-economic status of Dalits and to find out causes of deprivation of Dalits people in the community. They worked as agricultural labour and service work. Their income is less than their expenditure. Most of them are uneducated but nowadays, the level of education has increased so that their children go to school and college. Only 39 percent were literate and only 7 percent Dalits have passed SLC and +2. They give priority on arrange marriage. Youth generation doesn't like the traditional occupation and skills. They use a lot of alcohol (Jaad and Raski) in the festivals and rituals ceremony however the economic condition of Dalit is poor so many children of them are forced to dropout from schools because their parents cannot afford their education fees. The social status of the females in the Dalit community is very low than the males in the society. After the father's death all the properties is transferred to the son. The main causes for degrading status of Dalits are due to poverty, lack of education and lack of social awareness. So far, there have not been any kinds of policies and plans to uplift the Dalit community in this area.
Fertility Trends, Patterns and Diffentials in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Keshav
Published: August 2020

Fertility is to give babies during the reproducing age (15-49 years) of women. It is directly related to women’s menstrual cycle beings. The main objective of this article to analyze the fertility trends, patterns and differential by different dimension. The required information are obtained from different secondary sources and analyzed and described meaningfully. The fertility level is gradually decreasing and it might be have by improvement of the socio-economic situation, health service facilities, enhance the education level of women and policy program of government are successfully implemented. Fertility is differential by residential area, ecological zone, education, caste/ethnic groups, religion etc.
Effects of the welding current on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of a magnetic oscillated arc welded AZ31B magnesium alloy
Authors: Visvalingam Subravel , Sigamani Prabu
Published: August 2020

In this study, the effect of current on the tensile and microstructural characteristics of magnetic arc oscillation welded AZ31B magnesium alloy joints has been investigated. Five joints were constructed using different levels of current (65 A - 85 A). It was found that the joints constructed using a current of 75 A yielded superior tensile properties as compared to the other joints. The formation of finer grains and higher hardness in fusion zone and uniformly distributed precipitates are the main reasons for the superior tensile properties of these joints.
Defects and post-manufac- turing processes of additively manufactured steels: A Review (Part 2)
Authors: Emel Taban , Ojo Olatunji Oladimeji
Published: August 2020

Design freedom, complex geometry fabrication capability, minimal parts assembly and excellent material utilization attributes of additive manufacturing processes have provided a leverage ground for the development of functional engineering steel parts in the manufacturing industries. Despite the good attributes of additive manufacturing technology, there are still some local and inherent defects of as-built steel parts that can jeopardize the overall integrity of structural steel components. This review paper provides the associated defects of as-built steel and summarizes the post-manufacturing strategies being deployed to mitigate the severity of as-built steel defects. The microstructural and mechanical responses of some specific as-built steel under different fabrication conditions or additive manufacturing techniques are also summarized in this paper.
Synergistic effect of biomass-derived carbon and conducting polymer coatings on the supercapacitive energy storage performance of TiO2
Authors: Yilmaz Ece Unur , Torbali M. Ebubekir
Published: August 2020

The application of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is an abundant and cost effective resource, in supercapacitors has been restricted due to its poor electronic conductivity and limited mechanical stability. A biomass-derived carbon was coated on anatase TiO2 nanoparticles via practical and green hydrothermal carbonization in order to overcome these limitations. Hierarchically porous carbon provided a capacitive double layer for charge storage and the TiO2/C nanocomposite exhibited a specific capacitance of 61 F × g-1 (0.25 A × g-1, 0 to 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl, 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte). The TiO2/C/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite with enhanced specific capacitance and rate capability (189 F × g-1 at 0.25 A × g-1, 161 F × g-1 at 0.5 A × g-1, 123 F × g-1 at 1 A × g-1, 91 F × g-1 at 2 A × g-1) was obtained by the application of an electrochemically active PEDOT:PSS layer. The prominent electrochemical and mechanical stability of the ternary nanocomposite was demonstrated by its ability to retain 98 % of its initial capacitance after 1500 cycles of charge-discharge at a high current rate (3 A × g-1). The synergistic use of sustainable organic and inorganic components with environmentally friendly and practical methods yields extremely promising electrochemical performances for supercapacitor applications. The TiO2/C/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite presented in this work delivered an electrochemical performance comparable to its published counterparts which are obtained by more sophisticated or hazardous methods and with expensive components.
Tearing defect maps for the deep drawing of AISI 304 rectangular cups
Authors: Koowattanasuchat Pramote , Mahayotsanun Numpon , Mahabunphachai Sasawat
Published: August 2020

This study proposes a method for integrating finite element analysis and response surface methodology to predict tearing locations in the deep drawing of a rectangular-shape AISI 304 cup. The finite element model was confirmed by a deep-drawing experiment with nitrogengas springs, and the finite element analysis results were in agreement. Moreover, the regression model was developed using response surface methodology to predict final thickness at various locations on the rectangular-shape deep-drawn cup based on 40 finite element cases containing varied blank holder forces. The maximum percentage of thinning values was obtained from the response surface methodology results. The relationships among the blank holder forces and the thinning values at different locations were then further developed. The maps of the predicted tearing locations were then obtained and directly corresponded to the number of locations the specific blank holder forces. These maps, as established, could be directly used in a closed-loop control system enabling tearing defects to be prevented or eliminated.
Effect of mechanical stress on electrochemical corrosion of X65 carbon steel in CO2 saturated brine
Authors: Yan Wei
Published: August 2020

Applied mechanical stress could accelerate the chemical or electrochemical process of metal corrosion in weak acid solution. Series of experimental tests were conducted in this research. The results show that there is no obvious correlation between OCP (open circuit potential) values and applied stresses. However, The LPR (linear polarization resistance)corrosion rate increased intensively under the applied stress of 400 MPa. Correspondingly, the EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) Nyquist diagrams show that all of the plots contain a semicircle over the whole frequency range and the semicircle size decreased with increasing applied stress. The real-time corrosion current square waves triggered by the mechanical stress were successfully monitored by using the potentiostatic method in CO2 saturated brine under 200 mv (above OCP), flow and lower pH condition. This result is significant for many research fields, such as petrochemistry, aerospace and nuclear industries, which suffer weak acid corrosive environment.
Análise das Audiências de Custódia em Alagoas e a Contribuição da Polícia Judiciária para a Política de Desencarceramento Brasileira
Authors: Gatto Gustavo Viana
Published: August 2020

Para enfrentar o problema da superpopulação dos presídios o Estado brasileiro vem adotado uma série de medidas, dentre as quais a audiência de custódia, projeto do Conselho Nacional de Justiça criado para evitar a prisão provisória indevida. Os flagranteados são enviados ao cárcere por decisão da autoridade policial, e assim, pode-se entender que a soltura do preso na audiência de custódia seria uma correção da medida cautelar aplicada pelo delegado de polícia, que acabou de mandar prender. Mediante o estudo das funções da Polícia Judiciária no momento da lavratura do auto de prisão em flagrante delito, em consonância com os dispositivos legais previstos nas regras nacionais e internacionais de direitos humanos, bem como da realização de pesquisa de campo a fim de verificar o funcionamento das audiências de custódia em Alagoas e os resultados obtidos, buscou-se compreender de que modo a Polícia Judiciária poderia contribuir para a redução da população carcerária brasileira, decretando a prisão provisória em flagrante somente quando estritamente necessária, em harmonia com o entendimento da Justiça.
A Audiência de Custódia e seu Papel Essencial na Garantia dos Direitos Fundamentais na Região Metropolitana de Vitória/ES
Authors: Marques Erlon José da Silva
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho pretende analisar as virtudes da audiência de custódia com foco na problemática envolvida na questão penitenciária no Brasil em conjunto com os princípios e regras, constitucionais e legais, que amparam a dignidade da pessoa humana.  No ano de 2015, o CNJ através da Resolução no 213 de 2015 criou a audiência de custódia, instituto que prescreve a obrigatoriedade da apresentação à autoridade judicial no mais curto prazo possível da pessoa que foi presa.  A audiência de custódia é fruto de compromissos internacionais de direitos humanos adotados pelo Brasil, e principalmente busca pelo menos amenizar a situação gravíssima encontrada nos presídios e cadeias brasileiras que submetem seus internos à toda a sorte de abusos e omissões, estatais ou não.  Destarte, faremos uma análise de seu surgimento e do papel que a audiência de custódia vem desempenhando na seara penal como garantidora dos direitos fundamentais dos encarcerados no Brasil, buscando também uma análise “in loco” das audiências de custódia realizadas na Comarca Estadual de Vitória no Espírito Santo.  A análise de forma geral será focada na própria prisão como forma de pena, bem como nos aspectos políticos, práticos, principiológicos, criminológicos, legais e constitucionais que envolvem o assunto desde o momento anterior ao seu surgimento até os dias atuais.  O sistema carcerário brasileiro tem grande relevância já que fornecerá uma ampla gama de dados para forjar esta pesquisa, pois é neste sistema que ocorrem as mais diversas formas de desrespeitos à dignidade da pessoa humana no Brasil.
O AFIS e o SINPA: Um passaporte seguro, Identificação como Prova para o Poder Judiciário
Authors: Bossois Lander de Miranda , Soares Kleber Henrique
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo analisa o processo de modernização do passaporte brasileiro a partir do ano de 2006, em especial quanto a sua integração com o sistema AFIS utilizado pela Polícia Federal desde 2004, buscando comparar resultados decorrentes da verificação por intermédio da biometria, da identidade ou identificação de pessoas em vista de diversos tipos de fraudes e crimes que podem ser cometidos, apresentando a possibilidade de uso deste recurso tecnológico inclusive no âmbito da perícia papiloscópica. Neste contexto, avalia a efetividade das melhorias no processamento destes documentos de viagem, decorrentes da integração AFIS/SINPA junto às investigações e quando da instauração da Ação Penal, discutindo o valor do resultado destes exames consubstanciados em Laudo Pericial Papiloscópico como prova para o Poder Judiciário.
Entrevista com Anthony W. Pereira (King´s College London)
Authors: Sousa Stenio Santos , Diana Gilson Matilde
Published: August 2020

Esta entrevista com Anthony W. Pereira, diretor do Instituto Brasil do King’s College London, aborda algumas questões sobre pesquisas em segurança pública e ciências policiais e os cenários no Brasil e na Inglaterra, bem como outros assuntos tangenciais. É uma entrevista que trata de diversas questões acerca de como se tem processado essas pesquisas sobre polícia em algumas localidades no mundo e o olhar debruçado sobre elas.
A Utilização do Banco de Dados de Perfis Genéticos na Persecução Criminal: uma abordagem sobre os direitos de personalidade e o princípio da não autoincriminação
Authors: Macorin Priscila Santos Campelo
Published: August 2020

O estabelecimento de um banco de dados de perfis genéticos, apesar de dividir opiniões, auxilia na prevenção e repressão de crimes. Contudo, sua concepção é indissociável do estabelecimento de um sólido arcabouço jurídico e políticas severas de tratamento e segurança da informação, a fim de garantir uma fidedigna cadeia de custódia e proteger direitos fundamentais como o direito de privacidade e de personalidade. No Brasil, a previsão legal para coleta de material biológico para obtenção de perfis genéticos e sua utilização na persecução criminal é recente, datando de 2012 (Lei n° 12.654/2012). Muito se questiona sobre a eficácia da utilização do banco de dados de perfis genéticos e sua capacidade transformadora no que toca à redução da criminalidade e da impunidade no país. Discussões também são levantadas sobre os critérios para colheita e manutenção dos perfis genéticos no banco de dados, bem como sobre a possível agressão ao princípio da não autoincriminação e ao direito constitucional ao silêncio. Sabidamente, dentro do processo evolutivo da sociedade, da qual o direito é fruto, não há como desconsiderar os benefícios da utilização do perfil genético, quer na solução de crimes, quer na identificação de cadáveres ou pessoas desaparecidas. Faz-se, pois, uma abordagem crítica para desmistificação da utilização de fragmentos de DNA na persecução criminal e uma reflexão sobre os princípios da dignidade da pessoa humana e o direito de segurança pública, ambos contemplados no texto constitucional.Palavras-chave: Banco de dados de perfis genéticos. Direito de personalidade. Princípio da não autoincriminação. Segurança pública. Redução da impunidade.
Atuação de Guardas Civis Municipais em Terras Indígenas e Direitos Humanos
Authors: Abrahão Bernardo Adame , Ramos Alan Robson Alexandrino
Published: August 2020

A partir da pesquisa das atribuições constitucionais e legais das Guardas Civis Municipais positivadas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, explora-se, mesmo diante da omissão legal, sobre as possibilidades e limites de atuação deste órgão de segurança pública brasileiro em terras indígenas. Tem-se como ótica interpretativa a literatura jurídica, antropológica, documentos oficiais e decisões judiciais. Coteja-se a consistência dessa atuação da Guarda Civil Municipal com a proteção dos direitos humanos e do interesse das comunidades indígenas. Conclui-se que as normas de direitos humanos e a consulta prévia, livre e informada às comunidades indígenas são imprescindíveis à interpretação da atuação das Guardas Civis Municipais em terras indígenas, na omissão de regulação legal do exercício de atribuições desse órgão de segurança pública em terras indígenas.
Dois Casos de Crime Organizado: em Chicago e no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Melo Valdir
Published: August 2020

Os eventos de Al Capone e o crime urbano violento em Chicago nos anos 1920 podem servir como caso exemplar, útil para se tentar explorar e aprender sobre casos semelhantes. O presente texto exibe aspectos como relações entre políticos e crime organizado de extorsão, primeira e segunda instâncias de negócios ilícitos, impacto da Lei Seca norte-americana, rivalidades entre quadrilhas urbanas, além de outros. Compara com o caso das milícias no Rio de Janeiro, alertando para a possibilidade de expansão futura destas para bairros mais prósperos.
A Prestação do Serviço de Investigação Criminal: um estudo para a aplicação da gestão por processo - Business Process Management (BPM)
Authors: Costa Ferreira Luís Henrique
Published: August 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa aplicada que teve por objetivo entender o uso das técnicas de Gestão por Processo no gerenciamento da investigação criminal conduzida por uma delegacia de polícia judiciária. Para tanto a investigação criminal é vista como um Processo de Negócio. A conclusão aponta para vantagens significativas na implantação das técnicas de gestão por processo na administração da prestação do serviço de investigação criminal.
STRATEGIE WZAJEMNEGO ODDZIAŁYWANIA KONKURENCYJNEGO STRUKTUR BIZNESOWYCH WE WSPÓŁCZESNYCH WARUNKACH RYNKOWYCH
Authors: Natalia Mychalczyszyn  , Iryna Skrebets
Published: August 2020

The article analyses firms’ behaviour in the market in conditions of competitive interaction. The competitive strategies and conditions for their implementation are explored. The authors show that strategies used by business structures can be friendly or hostile in view of market niche capacity, market profitability and consumer needs volatility. The authors deny the impossibility of one competitor domination in the market, since the desire to maximize profits and competitive behaviour harmonization can lead to the elimination and prevention of market competition. The conditions under which an enterprise will seek to leave a niche and create a new one, in which there will be no competition as such, are determined. Based on the interrelation of "disadvantages-motives-needs- demand", the authors establish the interconnection between consumer demand and company’s tasks creation, which have to be performed to consolidate the position in the occupied market niche.
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Its Impact on Paki-stan’s Economy and Society (Koridor Ekonomic China-Pakistan (CPEC): Kesan terhadap Ekonomic dan Sosial di Pakistan)
Authors: Iftikhar Zainab , Hossain Ishtiaq
Published: August 2020

This paper focuses on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a mega-initiative of Pakistan and China. The CPEC is important to both Pakistan and China. It is viewed in Pakistan that CPEC is a great opportunity for development of Pakistan. This article examines the impact of CPEC on Pakistan’s economy and society. It highlights the impacts of a number of projects undertaken by CPEC such as infrastructures, Special Economic Zones (SEZ), energy, Gwadar port and social sector projects on Pakistan’s economy and society. This paper adopts a qualitative research method and the analysis made concludes that CPEC has more positive than negative impacts on Pakistani economy and society. In order to draw benefits from CPEC, its proper implementation and functioning is important.

Keywords: CPEC, Special Economic Zones, Pakistan, China.

Abstrak

Kajian ini membincangkan Koridor Ekonomi China-Pakistan (CPEC) sebagai inisiatif mega antara Pakistan dan China. Projek infrastuktur ini penting untuk kedua-dua buah negara ini terutamanya dalam memberi peluang kepada pembangunan di Pakistan. Kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk menghuraikan kesan CPEC terhadap sektor ekonomi dan sosial di Pakistan. Ia menekankan kesan projek-projek CPEC seperti dalam infrastruktur, Zon Ekonomi Khas (SEZ), Tenaga, Pelabuhan Gwadar dan projek-projek sektor Sosial untuk ekonomi dan masyarakat Pakistan. Kajian ini telah menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dan analisa dalam mengkaji bahawa pembinaan infrastruktur CPEC mempunyai kesan yang positif  berbanding daripada kesan negatif untuk sektor ekonomi dan sosial. Pelaksanaan yang rapi sangat penting untuk mencapai hasil yang memuaskan.

Kata Kunci: CPEC, Zon Ekonomi Khas, Pakistan, China.
Casuística de micoses em pequenos animais atendidos em Hospital Veterinário Universitário do Ceará: estudo retrospectivo
Authors: Cruz Rosane , Wilka Leal Silva Barbara , Dos Santos Araújo Géssica , De Queiroz Pinheiro Adriana
Published: August 2020

The increased use of immunosuppressive therapies and the emergence of retroviral infections, both in humans and animals, have been decisive for the expansion of opportunistic, largely fungal diseases. In view of this reality, since 2013 the Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária (LAMICRO) of the Faculty of Veterinary of the State University of Ceará (UECE) develops research and extension activities providing mycological diagnosis for samples from small animals attended at the Veterinary Hospital Unit and later at the Veterinary Hospital Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso. Thus, the objective was to document the casuistry and the diagnoses made by LAMICRO in a period of 5 years, emphasizing the importance of the mycological diagnosis and contributing to the establishment of the epidemiological profile in the region. For this, a retrospective evaluation of the records containing the data of the animals, the clinical signs, the main suspicion and the other exams requested was performed. Between July 2013 and December 2018, 2.431 samples were received, among these 543 were positive for some type of mycosis of veterinary importance. The cases of mycosis, diagnosed in the period of 5 years, affected predominantly canines between 2 and 10 years of age and cats up to 2 years of age; they were more frequent in dogs and cats without a defined breed, manifested in both species, by allopecic, diffuse and crusted lesions; topographically, lesions were observed in both species in the cephalic, thoracic, limb, cervical and abdominal regions; they had as more common etiological agents, in both species, Malassezia pachydermatis and Microsporum canis. Knowledge of the epidemiology of mycoses in pets, especially dermatophytes, is important to reduce the spread of infection by zoofilic fungi to humans and help to obtain prophylactic measures in the spread of the disease among animals. The direct examination, used in the present study, is an important form of diagnosis and can help the clinician reducing the time necessary for the beginning of the treatment, however it is still little sensitive, this way it makes if necessary the use of the fungal culture to obtain better results; both, associated to the animal clinic, provide a more precise diagnosis so that the established therapy is effective for a better treatment and prognosis of the clinical cases.
Caracterização do manejo e condutor de equídeos de carroça na área urbana de São Luís, MA
Authors: BARBOSA STEYCE , DOS SANTOS RIBEIRO DIEGO LUIZ
Published: August 2020

Characterization of the management and driver of wagon equine in the urban area of São Luís, MaranhãoAbstract. The objective of this research was to characterize the handling and the driver of wagon equine in the urban area of São Luís, Maranhão. A socioeconomic survey of the driver was carried out, as well as an evaluation of the reproductive, sanitary and feeding management of the traction equines, based on therein doing an analysis of their welfare state and guiding the owners of these animals. The methodology used to obtain the data was interviewed with questionnaires, these data were processed in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and presented in percentages. All respondents stated that they had an income of up to 1 salary, with the majority of elementary education incomplete (57%), aged between 19 and over 41 years, 87% of the drivers were from São Luís and 13% from other cities. All respondents claimed to use a whip, but adding that they did not target the animal. Regarding the average load used for 69%, they stated 101 to 450 kg, 9% over 451 kg and 22% did not respond. The activity that uses Equidae for traction is developed by a less favored class, being this the main or only source of income of the interviewees. There is a need for guidance and awareness of the carters, so that the quality of life of the animal is increased, as thus both will be favored.
Sorry, I Should Have Checked the Culture First
Authors: Kenny Samantha Christine
Published: August 2020

Humans make mistakes, and as a result, apologies are an inescapable aspect of intercultural communication. This paper suggests that cultural pragmatics are the foundation for an effective apology. Through a content analysis of sources, the key contextual factors that impact an apology are individualism-collectivism orientations, rooted in the social values of different cultures. Some of the key findings proposed that these different orientations are exemplified in Japanese and American cultures, as they tend to focus on either the group or the individual in an apologetic situation. Apologies are not cross-culturally universal, but based on the pragmatics of cultural orientations, especially individualism-collectivism, they can be predicted. To examine this in the paper, apologies are defined in the context of universality, and Japan/the US are identified as cultures that present strong social contexts, requiring cultural context to create an apology. Then, the literature review establishes the importance of these socially based expectations through linguistics, social purpose, and saving face. The discussion section then argues that these concerns are more important than situational cues, that an individualistic orientation is less complicated to predict in regard to apologies, and that these pragmatic preparations prevent the escalation of the act being apologized for. In the conclusion, it is pointed out that even with these contextual clues, apologies are not entirely predictable, but these tools can help mitigate cultural misgivings.
An Analysis Of The Legal Framework Of International Refugee Protection System
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Aqeel , Shah Muzamil
Published: August 2020

The article aims to investigate the legal framework of refugee protection system at regional and international level, which starts with the modern history of refugee system that when fleeing people from one region to another were considered as refugees. It further explores steps that were taken at the initial moment and how such system developed at the international level. The legal protection along with internationally accepted definition of refugees was achieved with the passage of time. The 1951 Refugee Convention is considered as the main foundation upon which the whole refugee system is based, was further augmented with the adoption of the 1967 Protocol, which removed the two main objections i.e. the temporal and geographical limitations from the Convention. The article explains the refugee definition, protections available under various instruments at regional and international level to refugees.
Pengetahuan dan Pola Swamedikasi Penggunaan Obat Tradisional dan Cara Pengobatan Tradisional Sebagai Terapi Komplementer di Wilayah Kerja Yandu Wredasari 07, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta
Authors: Tusi Wardani Wahyu , Muhlis Muhammad
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKMeningkatnya tingkat pendidikan, informasi dan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya arti  sehat, mendorong masyarakat untuk melakukan swamedikasi. Termasuk swamedikasi menggunakan obat tradisional dan cara pengobatan tradisional sebagai terapi komplementer semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pola swamedikasi menggunakan obat tradisional dan cara pengobatan tradisional sebagai terapi komplementer pada Yandu Wredasari 07, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang bersifat non eksperimen, Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota Yandu Wredasari 07, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Kota Yogyakarta dan memenuhi kriteria sampel yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan tanpa acak (nonprabability sampling) dengan teknik pengambilan consecutive sampling. Responden yang pernah melakukan pengobatan komplementer dengan obat tradisional sebanyak 81,6%. 83,3% diantaranya merasakan tidak muncul efek samping obat selama menggunakan obat tradisional. Sedangkan Responden yang pernah melakukan pengobatan komplementer dengan cara tradisional sebanyak 39,5%. Hanya satu yang merasakan efek samping yaitu dari pijat tradisional, muncul warna agak biru, njarem dan linu linu.Kata kunci: Kulit pisang Ambon; Antibakteri; Gel antiseptic; Gelling agent; Na-CMC. ABSTRACTThe increasing level of education, information and public awareness of the importance of healthy meaning, encourages people to carry out swamedication. Including self-medication using traditional medicine and ways of traditional medicine as complementary therapies is increasing. This study aims to determine the description of knowledge and patterns of self-medication using traditional medicine and traditional medicine as a complementary therapy in Yandu Wredasari 07, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta City. This study was an observational study that was non-experimental in nature. The sample used in this study was a member of Yandu Wredasari 07, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta City and met the sample criteria set by the researcher. Sampling is done without random (nonprabability sampling) with consecutive sampling techniques. Respondents who had taken complementary medicine with traditional medicine were 81.6%. 83.3% of them felt there were no side effects of drugs while using traditional medicines. While the respondents who had done complementary medicine in the traditional way were 39.5%. Only one felt the side effects of traditional massage, appearing a little blue, njarem and rheumatic pain.Keywords: Ambon banana peel; Antibacteria; Antiseptic gel; Gelling agent; Na-CMC.
Uji Efektifitas Ekstrak Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus) Sebagai Anti Inflamasi
Authors: Maulana Ilham , Kurniati Roddu Ajeng , Suriani Suriani
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian uji efektifitas ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efek anti inflamasi dari ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk).Pengujian dilakukan terhadap hewan uji mencit dengan melihat volume udem telapak kaki dari mencit, yang sebelumnya di induksi oleh putih telur 1%. Perhitungan hasil pengujian menggunakan uji analisis varians dan uji newman - keuls. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membagi 5 kelompok penguian, kelompok I dengan pemberian Na.CMC 1 % sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif   kelompok II dengan pemberian suspensi ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan konsentrasi 1 %, kelompok III dengan konsentrasi 3%, kelompok IV dengan konsentrasi 5% dan kelompok V dengan pemberian suspensi natrium diklofenak 0,195%b/v sebagai kelompok kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, dan 5% memiliki efek sebagai anti inflamsi.Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Etanol; Kulit Petai; Anti Inflamasi; Mencit.ABSTRACTHas conducted research Study On Effectiveness of Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Extract, with the aim to determine the anti -inflammatory effect of the ethanol petai extract (Parkia speciosa Hassk). Testing forum mice to test animals by looking at the volume of foot edema of mice , which previously induced by egg white 1 %. Calculations results of testing using analysis of variance test and test newman – keuls. Testing is done by dividing the testing group 5, group I with giving Na. CMC 1% as a negative control, group II and group administration of ethanol extract of petai suspension with a concentration of 1%, group III with a concentration 3%, group IV with a concentration 5% and the group V with the provison of 0,195% diclofenac sodium suspension as the positive control group. The result showed that the ethanol extract of petai with concentration of 1%, 3%, and 5% have anti – Inflamamatory effect.Keywords: Extract Ethanol; Petai; Anti Inflammatory; Mice.
“Russia’s destiny is to give light to the world, to humanity”: F.A. Abramov’s creativity in the context of literary and public life of the XX-XXI centuries
Authors: Goncharov P.A.
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study is an analytical review of the range of major and peripheral literary
issues discussed during the international scientific conference dedicated to the centenary of the birth of Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov. Among the main issues actualized in the process of studying the creative legacy of the prose writer, it is worth identifying promising areas of understanding phenomena that are the near and extended context of the works of the founder of the “village prose”, clarifying the genesis of industrial literature, identifying conflicting links with the entire previous literary tradition of the tetralogy “Brothers and sisters”. The author of the article substantiates the productivity and prospects of the genre, comparatively typological,
cultural-civilizational, mythopoetic, intertextual approaches to the work of F.A. Abramov and his entourage, implemented in the studies presented by literary scholars from A.M. Gorky IWL RAS, Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House), Lomonosov Moscow State University, St. Petersburg University, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Department of Slavonic Studies of University of Greifswald (Germany), Moscow Region State University, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, other scientific and educational organizations. Independent, but deeply integrated into the general issues of Abramology, is the issue of studying literary and literary critical concepts of F.A. Abramov’s. The review of the reports and messages made at the conference allows us to make a reasonable conclusion that the literary legacy of F.A. Abramov’s is of value not only in the artistic and aesthetic terms, but also in terms of the civilizational and world outlook. The conference confirmed the tendency to improve and deepen the traditional approaches, the effectiveness and the need for the new approaches to the study of the work of a great Russian writer.
Methods of Working with Creolized Texts of Printed Advertising in “Practice on Creative Letter” Classes
Authors: Selemeneva O.A.
Published: August 2020

The article presents a methodology for working with semiotically complicated texts of advertising style in “Creative writing workshop” classes. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the lack in the educational literature of a logically structured algorithm for analyzing creolized written communication texts and a structured system of training exercises that allow students to develop skills for producing advertising semiotically heterogeneous texts. The aim of the article is to generalize the experience of working with complex units of an inhomogeneous nature and to spread the proposed methodology among teachers of higher educational institutions. The author proposes a four-stage algorithm for communicative and pragmatic analysis of multi-code advertising messages, develops a system of analytical and creative tasks that precede such an analysis and develop the ability to independently create creolized texts of advertising communication.