bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum neurofilament light chain in distinct phenotypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A longitudinal, multicenter study
Authors: Meyer Thomas , Dreger Marie , Grehl Torsten , Weyen Ute , Kettemann Dagmar , Weydt Patrick , Günther René , Lingor Paul , Petri Susanne , Koch Jan Christoph , Großkreutz Julian , Rödiger Annekathrin , Baum Petra , Hermann Andreas , Prudlo Johannes , Boentert Matthias , Weishaupt Jochen H. , Löscher Wolfgang N. , Dorst Johannes , Koc Yasemin , Bernsen Sarah , Cordts Isabell , Vidovic Maximilian , Steinbach Robert , Metelmann Moritz , Kleinveld Vera E. , Norden Jenny , Ludolph Albert , Walter Bertram , Schumann Peggy , Münch Christoph , Körtvélyessy Péter , Maier André
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess the performance of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) in clinical phenotypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods

In 2949 ALS patients at 16 ALS centers in Germany and Austria, clinical characteristics and sNfL were assessed. Phenotypes were differentiated for two anatomical determinants: (1) upper and/or lower motor involvement (typical, typMN; upper/lower motor neuron predominant, UMNp/LMNp; primary lateral sclerosis, PLS) and (2) region of onset and propagation of motor neuron dysfunction (bulbar, limb, flail‐arm, flail‐leg, thoracic onset). Phenotypes were correlated to sNfL, progression, and survival.

Results

Mean sNfL was ‐ compared to typMN (75.7 pg/mL, n = 1791) ‐ significantly lower in LMNp (45.1 pg/mL, n = 413), UMNp (58.7 pg/mL n = 206), and PLS (37.6 pg/mL, n = 84). Also, sNfL significantly differed in the bulbar (92.7 pg/mL, n = 669), limb (64.1 pg/mL, n = 1305), flail‐arm (46.4 pg/mL, n = 283), flail‐leg (53.6 pg/mL, n = 141), and thoracic (74.5 pg/mL, n = 96) phenotypes. Binary logistic regression analysis showed highest contribution to sNfL elevation for faster progression (odds ratio [OR] 3.24) and for the bulbar onset phenotype (OR 1.94). In contrast, PLS (OR 0.20), LMNp (OR 0.45), and thoracic onset (OR 0.43) showed reduced contributions to sNfL. Longitudinal sNfL (median 12 months, n = 2862) showed minor monthly changes (<0.2%) across all phenotypes. Correlation of sNfL with survival was confirmed (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study underscored the correlation of ALS phenotypes – differentiated for motor neuron involvement and region of onset/propagation – with sNfL, progression, and survival. These phenotypes demonstrated a significant effect on sNfL and should be recognized as independent confounders of sNfL analyses in ALS trials and clinical practice.
Datafication and urban (in)justice: Towards a digital spatial justice
Authors: Tedeschi Miriam
Published: June 2024

In light of the challenges surrounding the conceptualization and definition of spatial justice within our increasingly data‐driven society, this article commences an inquiry into the convergence of space, justice, and data within human geography literature and related disciplines, focusing notably on the urban field. The paper outlines theories concerning social justice‐based rights to the city, especially emphasizing the significance of existing literature that bridges such theories with recent scholarship on data justice. It supplements these discussions by deriving a theoretical framework for digital spatial justice rooted in other space‐based theories, exploring the more‐than‐human realms of non‐human entities, affect, and information.
Are there differences between patients with unifocal nummular headache and those who progress to bifocal nummular headache? A retrospective observational study
Authors: Cabral Gonçalo , Serôdio Miguel , Krupka Danna , Ferreira Vitor Mendes , Calado Sofia , Baptista Miguel V.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This retrospective observational cohort study aimed to compare clinical characteristics and treatment responses in patients exclusively experiencing unifocal nummular headache (NH) with those who develop the bifocal variant.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with NH who attended a neurology (headache) outpatient clinic between January 2018 and December 2022. The cohort was divided into two groups: Group 1, exclusive unifocal NH; and Group 2, those developing a secondary focal area of pain, i.e., bifocal NH. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, clinical features, other headache comorbidities, and treatment‐related information.

Results

A total of 23 patients were included in this study: 12 were categorized as unifocal NH (Group 1) and 11 as bifocal NH (Group 2). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics, clinical features, or treatment response. Nonetheless, patients with bifocal NH exhibited spontaneous remission rates in the first pain area when compared to the unifocal NH group, with statistically significant differences (36% vs. 0%, p = 0.020).

Conclusion

In our sample, patients with bifocal NH demonstrated spontaneous remission rates in the initial pain area, a phenomenon not observed in patients with unifocal NH. It is worth noting the limited sample size in the present study, highlighting the need for larger cohorts to validate and further explore our findings.
Barriers and facilitators to engaging with a digital self‐management programme for painful distal upper limb musculoskeletal disorders: A qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Mason Samantha J. , Brading Lucy M. , Kane Kathleen , Conaghan Philip G. , Kingsbury Sarah R. , McHugh Gretl A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

People living with a painful distal upper limb musculoskeletal disorder (DUL‐MSD) often experience pain, difficulty in doing everyday tasks and a reduced quality of life. Currently, there are challenges in the treatment of DUL‐MSDs, highlighting the need to develop innovative approaches to rehabilitation. A potential solution is to develop and implement a digital self‐management rehabilitation programme focussing on optimising recovery, improving function and reducing pain. Before developing this programme, we aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to using a digital health intervention (DHI) for self‐management of DUL‐MSDs.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the potential barriers and facilitators to using a DHI with people living with DUL‐MSDs and healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Methods

A qualitative exploratory study was carried out with purposely selected participants consisting of 15 participants with DUL‐MSDs and 13 HCPs. Three focus groups (FGs) and four semistructured interviews with DUL‐MSD participants and semistructured interviews with 13 HCPs were conducted. FGs and interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

To address challenges in the care and management of DUL‐MSDs, both HCPs and people living with a DUL‐MSD welcomed the development of a DHI. This study identified several barriers and facilitators that would influence engagement with a digital intervention. Findings suggest that in developing a DHI, attention needs to be paid to digital design features, usability, tailoring, personalisation and consideration of how well usual care could be replicated digitally without direct HCP involvement.

Conclusion

The identified digital design features of importance to participants will inform the design of a digital self‐management rehabilitation programme for people living with DUL‐MSDs. Addressing the barriers and facilitators to engagement with a DHI is essential in ensuring its relevance and acceptability to those who will use it.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) was integral throughout the study. PPIE members contributed to the development and planning of this study, checked and confirmed the relevance of the findings and are involved in the dissemination plans.
Digital Reflective Practice in Textile Design Studio Courses: Perspectives from Pakistan
Authors: Hameed Umer , Mimirinis Mike
Published: June 2024

This multiple case study aimed to investigate how digital reflective practice (DRP) influences the creative process of textile design students. Interviews were conducted with textile design instructors, heads of department, and students from four higher education textile design departments in Pakistan. The main themes elicited from the four case studies were teachers’ and students’ perceptions of DRP, challenges to its implementation, and prospects for DRP in the context of textile studio design. Digital technologies can improve students' creativity and comprehension of tasks in textile design studio courses through reflection. Furthermore, teachers can play a crucial role in helping students to utilise digital reflection technologies through mentorship.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the Complex Behaviour Forum—A multisystem approach to supporting people with complex challenging behaviour
Authors: Carberry Trent , Hutchison Sarah , Wardale Simon , Demir Rebeka , Vassos Maria
Published: June 2024

Background

This study assessed the effectiveness of a cross‐departmental case review panel—the Multicap Complex Behaviour Forum (CBF)—in reducing challenging behaviour exhibited by people with intellectual disabilities.

Methods

Thirty participants (15 CBF participants and 15 matched‐control participants) took part in the study. Behavioural data was collected for each CBF participant (and their matched control) for the three‐month period before entering the CBF, during their time in the CBF, and the 3 months after exiting the CBF.

Results

There was a significant interaction of group and time observed, with the CBF participants showing more change in behavioural incidents across time. Associated with this change was a noticeable reduction in staff injury costs related to the challenging behaviour of the CBF participants.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that positive behavioural and organisational outcomes are enhanced by fostering collaboration across multiple organisational systems when it comes to supporting people who exhibit challenging behaviours.
Research Review: Social cognition and everyday social skills in children and adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta‐analysis of case–control studies
Authors: Haza Belen , Gosling Corentin J. , Ciminaghi Flavia , Conty Laurence , Pinabiaux Charlotte
Published: June 2024

Background

Previous studies that have assessed social cognition in Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have produced inconsistent findings. To summarize these data and shed light upon moderators that may explain observed inconsistencies, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis exploring social cognition (Theory of Mind (ToM), Empathy, Facial and Non‐Facial Emotion Recognition) and Everyday Social Skills in children and adolescents with ADHD.

Methods

The current meta‐analysis involved 142 studies including 652 effect sizes. These studies compared children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 8,300) and with typical development (n = 7,983).

Results

Participants with ADHD exhibited moderate to very large deficits in ToM (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.68–0.99), Facial Emotion Recognition (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46–0.81), and Everyday Social Skills (SMD = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08–1.37). The magnitude of these impairments was similar when considering effect sizes adjusted for some covariates and the methodological quality of the studies. Few studies have investigated Empathy and Non‐Facial Emotion Recognition, which precludes definitive conclusions.

Conclusions

Children and adolescents with ADHD experience robust impairments in ToM, Facial Emotion Recognition and Everyday Social Skills. Future studies should explore whether these deficits are a consequence of difficulties in other areas of cognition (e.g., executive functioning). We have made all our raw data open access to facilitate the use of the present work by the community (e.g., clinicians looking for tools, assessing social impairments, or researchers designing new studies).
Age affects drug survival rates of interleukin (IL)‐17 and IL‐23 inhibitors in patients with plaque psoriasis: Results from a retrospective, multicentric, multi‐country, cohort study
Authors: Chiricozzi Andrea , Coscarella Giulia , Puig Luis , Vender Ron , Yeung Jensen , Carrascosa José‐Manuel , Piaserico Stefano , Gisondi Paolo , Lynde Charles , Ferreira Paulo , Bastos Pedro Mendes , Dauden Esteban , Leite Luiz , Valerio Joana , del Alcázar‐Viladomiu Elena , Vilarrasa Eva , Llamas‐Velasco Mar , Alessandri‐Bonetti Mario , Messina Francesco , Bruni Manfredo , Di Brizzi Eugenia Veronica , Ricceri Federica , Nidegger Alessia , Hugo Jan , Mufti Asfandyar , Daponte Athina‐Ioanna , Teixeira Laetitia , Balato Anna , Romanelli Marco , Prignano Francesca , Gkalpakiotis Spyridon , Conrad Curdin , Lazaridou Elizabeth , Rompoti Natalia , Stratigos Alexander J. , Nogueira Miguel , Peris Ketty , Torres Tiago
Published: June 2024

Background

Scarce data related to the drug survival of biologic agents in psoriasis patients aged ≥65 years is available.

Objectives

To evaluate the drug survival of interleukin (IL)‐23 or the IL‐17 inhibitors approved for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis in elderly patients (aged ≥65 years), compared with younger adult patients (aged <65 years), and to identify clinical predictors that can influence the drug survival.

Methods

This retrospective multicentric cohort study included adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis, dissecting two‐patient subcohorts based on age: elderly versus younger adults. Kaplan–Meier estimator and proportional hazard Cox regression models were used for drug survival analysis.

Results

We included 4178 patients and 4866 treatment courses; 934 were elderly (1072 treatment courses), and 3244 were younger patients (3794 treatment courses). Drug survival, considering all causes of interruption, was higher in patients aged <65 years than in elderly patients overall (log‐rank p < 0.006). This difference was significant for treatment courses involving IL‐23 inhibitors (p < 0.001) but not for those with IL‐17 inhibitors (p = 0.2). According to both uni‐ and multi‐variable models, elder age was associated with an increased risk of treatment discontinuation (univariable analysis: HR: 1.229, 95% CI 1.062–1.422; p < 0.006; multivariable analysis: HR: 1.199, 95% CI 1.010–1.422; p = 0.0377). Anti‐IL‐23 agents were associated with a reduced likelihood of treatment discontinuation after adjusting for other variables (HR: 0.520, 95% CI 0.368–0.735; p < 0.001). Being previously treated with IL‐17 inhibitors increased the probability of discontinuation.

Conclusions

Elderly patients with psoriasis have an increased risk of biologic treatment discontinuation compared with younger adult patients, particularly, if being treated with IL‐23 inhibitors. However, in stratified analyses conducted in elderly patients, IL‐23 inhibitors showed higher drug survival rates than IL‐17 inhibitors.
Application of resveratrol butyric acid derivatives in the processing, physicochemical characterization, and the shelf‐life extension of Chinese sausages low in sodium nitrite
Authors: Huang Ping‐Hsiu , Chen Yu‐Wei , Fan Hua‐Jin , Chen Shin‐Yu , Tain You‐Lin , Hsieh Chang‐Wei , Hou Chih‐Yao , Shih Ming‐Kuei
Published: June 2024

Resveratrol butyrate esters (RBEs) are novel resveratrol (RSV) derivatives synthesized by esterification with butyric acid. In addition, ED2 (3,4′‐di‐O‐butanoylresveratrol) and ED4 (3‐O‐butanoylresveratrol) in different structural monomers of RBEs have been shown as abundant cellular antioxidants. Therefore, this study was performed to apply RSV and its esterified derivatives in the manufacturing and preservation of Chinese sausage, investigated these ingredients' impact on the sausage's physicochemical properties and changes during storage, and evaluated the feasibility of minimizing sodium nitrite's use in sausage production. This study showed that a high dose (500 ppm) of ED2 and ED4 (with the added 25 mg/kg of sodium nitrite) were effective in maintaining the color of sausages and extending the shelf‐life for at least 30 days in refrigerated storage, which was consistent with 150 mg/kg sodium nitrite. Altogether, ED2 or ED4 can potentially reduce sodium nitrite usage by 83% while preventing lipid oxidation and antimicrobial effects, thereby effectively maintaining sausage product stability. Hence, RBEs facilitate the development of natural functional food additives that provide antioxidant benefits products for all ages of people, namely widely used in any processed food that requires antioxidant functionality or as dietary supplements.
Haptic Sensations Modulate Judgment of Words that Elicit Self‐referent Memory
Authors: Ikeda Toshiki , Takeda Yuji
Published: June 2024

Previous studies have reported that soft haptic sensations influence higher‐order cognition, but few studies have investigated effects of soft haptic sensations on the recall of episodic memories. The present study examined whether or not holding a soft object influences the recall of episodes. Participants held either a soft or hard cushion and performed tasks in which they recalled episodic memories. On each trial, a pleasant or unpleasant trait word was presented. In Experiment 1, the participants judged whether or not the word elicited an autobiographical memory. In Experiment 2, the participants judged whether or not the word elicited a memory of an episode involving their caregiver. In Experiment 1, the number of self‐referent judgments for unpleasant words was smaller when participants held a soft cushion than when they held a hard cushion. In Experiment 2, holding soft or hard cushions had no significant effect on the number of caregiver‐referent judgments. These results suggest that effects of soft haptic sensations on the recall of positive and negative autobiographical memories are asymmetrical.
High‐resolution cathodoluminescence of calcites from the Cold Bokkeveld chondrite: New insights on carbonatation processes in CM parent bodies
Authors: Guigoz Vincent , Seret Anthony , Portail Marc , Ferrière Ludovic , Libourel Guy , Connolly Harold C. , Lauretta Dante S.
Published: June 2024

Carbonates, as secondary minerals found in CM chondrites, have been widely employed for reconstructing the composition of the fluids from which they precipitated. They also offer valuable insights into the hydrothermal evolution of their parent bodies. In this study, we demonstrate that high‐resolution cathodoluminescence (HR‐CL) analyses of calcites derived from the brecciated Cold Bokkeveld CM2 chondrite can effectively reveal subtle compositional features and intricate zoning patterns. We have identified two distinct types of cathodoluminescence (CL) centers: a blue emission band (approximately 375–425 nm), associated with intrinsic structural defects, and a lower energy orange extrinsic emission (around 620 ± 10 nm), indicating the presence of Mn cations. These compositional variations enable discrimination between the calcite grain types previously designated as T1 and T2 in studies of CM chondrites. T1 calcites exhibit variable CL and peripheral Mn enrichments, consistently surrounded by a rim composed of Fe‐S‐rich serpentine–tochilinite assemblage. Conversely, T2 calcites display homogeneous CL and more abundant lattice defects. These polycrystalline aggregates of calcite grains, devoid of serpentine, contain Fe‐Ni sulfide inclusions and directly interface with the matrix. We propose that changes in the Mn content of calcite (indicated by the intensity of orange CL emission) are influenced by variations in redox potential (Eh) and pH of the fluid phase. This proposed hydrothermal evolution establishes a parallel between terrestrial serpentinization followed by carbonation processes and the aqueous alteration of CM chondrites, warranting further exploration and investigation of this intriguing similarity.
An 8‐week secular mindfulness‐based training program for schoolteachers increases dispositional mindfulness, self‐reported workplace well‐being, visuoconstructive abilities, and processing speed
Authors: Heredia Luis , Ventura David , Torrente Margarita , Vicens Paloma
Published: June 2024

Previous research has reported that schoolteachers are an at‐risk population for stress and anxiety‐related psychological disorders. High stress levels have been linked to the suboptimal use of executive functions, abilities which are a major component of effective job performance in educational contexts. In the present study, 99 teachers from five primary schools in Spain were randomly assigned to a mindfulness training group or wait‐list control group. All groups were assessed for dispositional mindfulness, anxiety levels, self‐reported well‐being, and neuropsychological performance (including attention, mental flexibility and inhibitory control, visuoconstructive abilities and visual memory, verbal fluency and processing speed) prior to and following the training program. The results showed significant differences between the groups in terms of dispositional mindfulness, workplace well‐being, visuoconstructive abilities, and one of the processing speed indexes. A within‐group analysis indicated a general trend toward improvement in the training group, mainly in dispositional mindfulness and verbal fluency. The assessment of neuropsychological performance in this study also contributes to expanding the existing body of knowledge on the effects of mindfulness‐based programs using behavioral measures in a research field that heavily relies on self‐reported measures.
Fiscal and macroprudential policy coordination for stabilization purposes
Authors: Malmierca‐Ordoqui María
Published: June 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the need of maintaining financial and economic stabilization to mitigate the negative effects of the health crisis. In the context of a currency area, national governments count on national fiscal and macroprudential instruments to stabilize their own economy. Through a DSGE model for a monetary union I assess the welfare implications of different macroprudential‐fiscal policy combinations, that are set with stabilization purposes. The findings confirm that for a supply and a demand shock, as the ones responsible for the economic crisis of 2020, the stabilizing policy mix might deteriorate welfare. By contrast, after a financial shock, similar to that of the Great Recession, the stabilizing policy combination strategies always achieve welfare gains.
Among‐population variation in drought responses is consistent across life stages but not between native and non‐native ranges
Authors: Nagy Dávid U. , Thoma Arpad E. , Al‐Gharaibeh Mohammad , Callaway Ragan M. , Flory S. Luke , Frazee Lauren J. , Hartmann Matthias , Hensen Isabell , Jandová Kateřina , Khasa Damase P. , Lekberg Ylva , Pal Robert W. , Samartza Ioulietta , Shah Manzoor A. , Sheng Min , Slate Mandy , Stein Claudia , Tsunoda Tomonori , Rosche Christoph
Published: June 2024

Understanding how widespread species adapt to variation in abiotic conditions across their ranges is fundamental to ecology. Insight may come from studying how among‐population variation (APV) in the common garden corresponds with the environmental conditions of source populations. However, there are no such studies comparing native vs non‐native populations across multiple life stages.

We examined APV in the performance and functional traits of 59 Conyza canadensis populations, in response to drought, across large aridity gradients in the native (North America) and non‐native (Eurasia) ranges in three experiments. Our treatment (dry vs wet) was applied at the recruitment, juvenile, and adult life stages.

We found contrasting patterns of APV in drought responses between the two ranges. In the native range, plant performance was less reduced by drought in populations from xeric than mesic habitats, but such relationship was not apparent for non‐native populations. These range‐specific patterns were consistent across the life stages.

The weak adaptive responses of non‐native populations indicate that they can become highly abundant even without complete local adaptation to abiotic environments and suggest that long‐established invaders may still be evolving to the abiotic environment. These findings may explain lag times in invasions and raise concern about future expansions.
Association between sex of the individual with untreated cleft lip and social judgement made by lay persons: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Maia Ana Carolina Del‐Sarto Azevedo , Lima Stefanni Olga Aguiar Sales , Jural Lucas Alves , Moreira David Costa , Maia Lucianne Cople , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro , Pithon Matheus Melo , Prado Fabio Ornellas
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess whether there is an association between an individual's sex and social judgements made by lay persons regarding untreated cleft lip.

Materials and Methods

Lay individuals over 18 years old were recruited through an application to respond online to two questionnaires: a sociodemographic survey and the Brazilian Version of Lay Persons' Social Judgements about Cleft‐lip Scale (B‐LSojCleft‐S). B‐LSojCleft‐S comprises 14 items evaluating social judgements made by laypersons concerning different types of untreated cleft lips in teenagers. The 14 items are linked to 8 images featuring untreated cleft lips and 1 image without a cleft (control). Higher scores represented more favourable social judgements. Independent samples t‐test, paired, and multiple linear regression were conducted (P < 0.05). The study assessed judgements of untreated cleft lips in male and female adolescents using the B‐LSojCleft‐S.

Results

The mean age of the 217 participants was 37.78 ± 12.39 years, predominantly women (72.7%), married (47.7%), with a monthly income below three minimum wages (35.6%) in the majority of cases. Significantly higher social judgement scores were observed in the control group (no cleft) compared to any type of cleft (P < 0.001), with similar scores obtained for the same types of clefts with female or male images (P > 0.05). The participant's sex is associated with social judgement scores (F [1, 214] = 6.318, P = 0.013; adjusted R2 = 0.024), with females making more favourable judgements than males (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Individuals with cleft lips receive more negative social judgement scores, regardless of their own sex. Women make better social judgements than men.
Intentional Dural Resection during en bloc Spinal Resection Could Provide a Secure Surgical Margin for Patients with Recurrent Spinal Tumors
Authors: Du Zhiye , Tang Xiaodong , Cai Zhenyu , Wang Han , Wei Ran , Wang Jun
Published: June 2024

Objective

It is always difficult to obtain a comfortable surgical margin for patients with recurrent malignant or invasive benign spinal tumors. Tumor intraspinal invasion and dural adhesion are the essential reasons. There are always residual tumor cells maintained at the edge of dura. Dural resection is a key point to obtain a comfortable surgical margin for such cases. Whether such patients benefit from this risky surgical procedure is unknown. This study aims to understand better the oncological results, associated risks, and neurological function of this risky surgical procedure.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from six consecutive patients who registered spinal tumors in our institute and underwent dural resection during en bloc spinal resection from June 2013 to May 2020. The demographic and perioperative data, oncological outcomes, complications, and neurological status were collected and analyzed.

Results

All six patients were followed up for 24 to 46 months (mean follow‐up time: 32.8 months). Local recurrence was detected in one patient (1/6, 16.7%) at 36 months postoperatively and in five patients with no evidence of disease at the last follow up (survival rate 83.3%). Eleven complications occurred in four patients (66.7%), and the dural resection‐related complications included only four cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL), which accounted for 36.4% (4/11) of all complications. Neurologic status evaluated by the Frankel grade showed improvement of one grade in one case and deterioration of one to two grades in five patients immediately after surgery. All deterioration cases recovered to the preoperative level 6 months after the operation.

Conclusion

Dural resection is significant for patients with dura matter invaded by recurrent primary malignant or invasive benign spinal tumors with the purpose of clinical cure. This study demonstrated that in strictly selected cases, intentional dural resection could provide satisfying local control and long‐term disease‐free survival with acceptable complications and satisfying neurological function.
Soybean hypocotyl elongation is regulated by a MYB33‐SWEET11/21‐GA2ox8c module involving long‐distance sucrose transport
Authors: Su Tong , Liu Huan , Wu Yichun , Wang Jianhao , He Fanglei , Li Haiyang , Li Shichen , Wang Lingshuang , Li Lanxin , Cao Jie , Lu Qiulian , Zhao Xiaohui , Xiang Hongtao , Lin Chun , Lu Sijia , Liu Baohui , Kong Fanjiang , Fang Chao
Published: June 2024

The length of hypocotyl affects the height of soybean and lodging resistance, thus determining the final grain yield. However, research on soybean hypocotyl length is scarce, and the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identified a module controlling the transport of sucrose, where sucrose acts as a messenger moved from cotyledon to hypocotyl, regulating hypocotyl elongation. This module comprises four key genes, namely MYB33, SWEET11, SWEET21 and GA2ox8c in soybean. In cotyledon, MYB33 is responsive to sucrose and promotes the expression of SWEET11 and SWEET21, thereby facilitating sucrose transport from the cotyledon to the hypocotyl. Subsequently, sucrose transported from the cotyledon up‐regulates the expression of GA2ox8c in the hypocotyl, which ultimately affects the length of the hypocotyl. During the domestication and improvement of soybean, an allele of MYB33 with enhanced abilities to promote SWEET11 and SWEET21 has gradually become enriched in landraces and cultivated varieties, SWEET11 and SWEET21 exhibit high conservation and have undergone a strong purified selection and GA2ox8c is under a strong artificial selection. Our findings identify a new molecular pathway in controlling soybean hypocotyl elongation and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of sugar transport in soybean.
Global expansion of Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link over 200 years
Authors: Hacker P. W. , Coops N. C.
Published: June 2024

Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link, commonly referred to as Scotch broom, is a Mediterranean shrub capable of thriving in a variety of ecosystems that has invaded every habitable continent on Earth. Our research presents a timeline and estimated rate of expansion from 1816 to 2016. We then model its expected range over the next 70 years, highlighting the need for investigation into its expansion mechanisms and the establishment of monitoring programs.
Overexpression of acdS in petunia reduces ethylene production and improves tolerance to heat stress
Authors: Baek S. , Naing A. H. , Kang H. , Chung M. Y. , Kim C. K.
Published: June 2024

Petunia hybrida, widely grown as a bedding plant, has reduced growth and flower quality at temperatures above 30 °C (heat stress), primarily due to heat stress‐induced ethylene (ET) production. The gene acdS encodes the 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (ACCD) enzyme, which is known for its role in reducing ET production by breaking down the ET precursor, ACC, in plant tissues.

This study investigated the impact of heat stress on both ‘Mirage Rose’ WT petunia and its acdS‐overexpressing transgenic lines.

Heat stress‐induced growth inhibition was observed in WT plants but not in transgenic plants. The increased stress tolerance of transgenic plants over WT plants was associated with lower ET production, ROS accumulation, higher SPAD values, water content, and relative water content. Furthermore, higher sensitivity of the WT to heat stress than the transgenic plants was confirmed by analysing ET signalling genes, heat shock transcription factor genes, and antioxidant‐ and proline‐related genes, more strongly induced in WT than in transgenic plants.

Overall, this study suggests the potential application of acdS overexpression in other floriculture plants as a viable strategy for developing heat stress‐tolerant varieties. This approach holds promise for advancing the floricultural industry by overcoming challenges related to heat‐induced growth inhibition and loss of flower quality.
Shaping green regionalism: New trade law approaches to environmental sustainability
Authors: Hsieh Pasha L.
Published: June 2024

Green regionalism aims to mutually reinforce environmental governance and economic integration. The article provides the first analysis of green regionalism in international law. It argues that green regionalism represents a paradigm shift in global normative endeavours towards environmental sustainability. By contextualising three waves of global regionalism, the article unveils the evolving architecture of green regionalism alongside negotiations of the World Trade Organization and multilateral environmental agreements. Moreover, it sheds light on the pertinent disputes and features of new green initiatives galvanised by the European Union, the United States and Asia‐Pacific countries. These developments are pivotal in understanding the trade‐environment nexus and fostering economic resilience in our hyperconnected world.
Lung cancer and lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A common complication in an uncommon condition
Authors: Brims Fraser
Published: June 2024

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Modern Technology in Rural Policing: Qualitative Analysis of Police Officers in Rural China☆
Authors: Xu Haoran
Published: June 2024

This study delves into the utilization of modern technology in rural policing, offering insights from front‐line police officers operating in the Chinese context. As rural areas globally grapple with unique policing challenges, the significance of this research extends beyond the borders of China. Findings indicate that technology, particularly video surveillance and communication platforms such as WeChat, has enhanced the responsiveness and overall capabilities of rural policing. The study sheds light on the dual nature of this technological adoption, highlighting its positive impact on policing practices while unraveling challenges, such as burnout and sustainability concerns. Notably, the study reveals that despite financial constraints hindering equipment maintenance and technological development in rural police departments, collaborations with commercial entities provide a viable avenue to alleviate such constraints. The global resonance of these findings underscores the broader implications for rural policing practices worldwide, emphasizing the need for strategic technological interventions to address challenges and optimize policing effectiveness in rural areas.
War Wives: Women, Marriage, and the Soviet Partisan Movement (1941–44)
Authors: Cerovic Masha
Published: June 2024

The article explores relationships between male combatants and women in the Soviet Union between 1941 and 1944, based on the case of the Soviet partisans. It analyzes different forms of wartime marriages, which are considered as heterosexual relationships entailing complex negotiations and exchanges, and as social institutions which were an essential part of the transformation of the social order during the war. It shows how these marriages revealed shifts in hierarchies, status and concepts of authority and power, blending peasant traditions and military culture in response to the shock of war.
How Do Turkish Grocers Respond to Changes in the German Retail Market?
Authors: Bağcı Utku Eren , Franz Martin
Published: June 2024

Although widely employed, mixed embeddedness analysis in ethnic entrepreneurship has some limitations in its political, dual and spatial understanding and assessment of opportunity structures. To address this, we propose an alternative framework that combines Hess' categorisation of embeddedness with Katz's resilience framework. Using this combination, this study examines the responses of Turkish grocery retailers to structural changes in the German retail market. Despite extensive research on these changes, the responses of ethnic retailers have been neglected in the general literature on structural change in the retail sector. Drawing on data from 23 interviews with retailers, experts, intermediaries and producers, this study aims to fill this gap. The findings underline the impact of embeddedness on Turkish retailers' responses to market changes. The proposed analytical framework provides a comprehensive analysis of the competitive strategies of ethnic businesses and overcomes the limitations of the mixed embeddedness concept.
NSE5 subunit interacts with distant regions of the SMC arms in the Physcomitrium patens SMC5/6 complex
Authors: Vaculíková Jitka , Holá Marcela , Králová Barbora , Lelkes Edit , Štefanovie Barbora , Vágnerová Radka , Angelis Karel J. , Paleček Jan J.
Published: June 2024

Structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complexes play roles in cohesion, condensation, replication, transcription, and DNA repair. Their cores are composed of SMC proteins with a unique structure consisting of an ATPase head, long arm, and hinge. SMC complexes form long rod‐like structures, which can change to ring‐like and elbow‐bent conformations upon binding ATP, DNA, and other regulatory factors. These SMC dynamic conformational changes are involved in their loading, translocation, and DNA loop extrusion. Here, we examined the binding and role of the PpNSE5 regulatory factor of Physcomitrium patens PpSMC5/6 complex. We found that the PpNSE5 C‐terminal half (aa230–505) is required for binding to its PpNSE6 partner, while the N‐terminal half (aa1–230) binds PpSMC subunits. Specifically, the first 71 amino acids of PpNSE5 were required for binding to PpSMC6. Interestingly, the PpNSE5 binding required the PpSMC6 head‐proximal joint region and PpSMC5 hinge‐proximal arm, suggesting a long distance between binding sites on PpSMC5 and PpSMC6 arms. Therefore, we hypothesize that PpNSE5 either links two antiparallel SMC5/6 complexes or binds one SMC5/6 in elbow‐bent conformation, the later model being consistent with the role of NSE5/NSE6 dimer as SMC5/6 loading factor to DNA lesions. In addition, we generated the P. patens Ppnse5KO1 mutant line with an N‐terminally truncated version of PpNSE5, which exhibited DNA repair defects while keeping a normal number of rDNA repeats. As the first 71 amino acids of PpNSE5 are required for PpSMC6 binding, our results suggest the role of PpNSE5–PpSMC6 interaction in SMC5/6 loading to DNA lesions.
Is it time for the death knell of single‐unit plasma?
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Auron Moises , Tolich Deborah , Dargis Marni
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives

A plasma transfusion dose should be weight‐based (10–20 mL/kg), which equates to three to four units in an average‐sized adult; therefore, the transfusion of single units under most circumstances is sub‐therapeutic.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective observational study examined the prevalence of single‐unit plasma transfusion in adults within a 12‐hospital system from 1 January 2018, to 31 December 2019.

Results

During the study period, 5791 patients received plasma transfusions. The overall prevalence of single‐unit plasma was 17.1% for 988 patients. The majority, 3047 (52.6%), occurred at one hospital, 2132 (36.9%) among five hospitals and 612 (10.7%) at the remaining six hospitals. Cardiac and gastrointestinal (GI)/transplant transfused 2707 (46.8%), combined respiratory, neurological, orthopaedic and congenital/dermatology/other comprised 2133 (36.9%) of the six hospitals that transfused less than 200 patients, four (66.7%) transfused single units above the overall prevalence.

Conclusion

In this hospital system, more than one in six patients received a transfusion of a single plasma unit. Six of the 12 hospitals had 89.5% of the patients who were transfused plasma. Six service lines transfused 83.7% of all patients receiving plasma. Hospitals that infrequently transfused plasma were more likely to under‐dose.
Relatively Anosov representations via flows II: Examples
Authors: Zhu Feng , Zimmer Andrew
Published: June 2024

This is the second in a series of two papers that develops a theory of relatively Anosov representations using the original “contracting flow on a bundle” definition of Anosov representations introduced by Labourie and Guichard–Wienhard. In this paper, we focus on building families of examples.
Short‐term aerobic exercise prevents development of glucocorticoid myopathic features in aged skeletal muscle in a sex‐dependent manner
Authors: Laskin Grant R. , Rentería Liliana I. , Muller‐Delp Judy M. , Kim Jeong‐Su , Chase P. Bryant , Hwang Hyun Seok , Gordon Bradley S.
Published: June 2024

Older adults are vulnerable to glucocorticoid‐induced muscle atrophy and weakness, with sex potentially influencing their susceptibility to those effects. Aerobic exercise can reduce glucocorticoid‐induced muscle atrophy in young rodents. However, it is unknown whether aerobic exercise can prevent glucocorticoid myopathy in aged muscle. The objectives of this study were to define the extent to which sex influences the development of glucocorticoid myopathy in aged muscle, and to determine the extent to which aerobic exercise training protects against myopathy development. Twenty‐four‐month‐old female (n = 30) and male (n = 33) mice were randomized to either sedentary or aerobic exercise groups. Within their respective groups, mice were randomized to either daily treatment with dexamethasone (DEX) or saline. Upon completing treatments, the contractile properties of the triceps surae complex were assessed in situ. DEX marginally lowered muscle mass and soluble protein content in both sexes, which was attenuated by aerobic exercise only in females. DEX increased sub‐tetanic force and rate of force development only in females, which was not influenced by aerobic exercise. Muscle fatigue was higher in both sexes following DEX, but aerobic exercise prevented fatigue induction only in females. The sex‐specific differences to muscle function in response to DEX treatment coincided with sex‐specific changes to the content of proteins related to calcium handling, mitochondrial quality control, reactive oxygen species production, and glucocorticoid receptor in muscle. These findings define several important sexually dimorphic changes to aged skeletal muscle physiology in response to glucocorticoid treatment and define the capacity of short‐term aerobic exercise to protect against those changes.

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Key points

There are sexually dimorphic effects of glucocorticoids on aged skeletal muscle physiology.

Glucocorticoid‐induced changes to aged muscle contractile properties coincide with sex‐specific differences in the content of calcium handling proteins.

Aerobic exercise prevents glucocorticoid‐induced fatigue only in aged females and coincides with differences in the content of mitochondrial quality control proteins and glucocorticoid receptors.
Digital Twin Implementation for Three-Dimensional Rotordynamic Response via Physics-Informed LSTM Neural Networks
Authors: Yang Jongin , Oh Joseph , Kim Baik Jin , Palazzolo Alan
Published: June 2024

The rotating assemblies of critical machinery are complex dynamical systems and rotordynamic model response prediction inaccuracy risks machinery failure leading to high production losses. Jeffcott, Euler beam, and high-fidelity 3D solid finite element models are frequently utilized for rotordynamic analyses. Even though the 3D rotor has the higher accuracy, beam models are still widely used in industrial applications. To improve prediction accuracy of the lower-fidelity Jeffcott and beam models, a rotordynamics physics-informed neural network (R-PINN) is proposed. This models physics-informed long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks that utilize partial or limited measured data, by incorporating physical laws. This approach enables the creation of a Digital Twin, which can produce additional data and help remove noise and outliers. In the current study, two R-PINNs are introduced to validate the superior capability of the model for both low- and high-fidelity physics. Random noise of 10% is introduced into the measured data produced by the Digital Twin to replicate real-world noisy measurements. The result shows that both low- and high-fidelity physics R-PINNs can achieve high accuracy even with high noise data, thereby increasing the robustness of the model. The results clearly demonstrate the ability of the proposed R-PINN algorithm to enhance an Euler beam model's predicted response to the level of accuracy of a 3D solid element model's predicted response, the latter acting as a surrogate for test measurements in an actual application.
Cavitation in a Mixed-flow Pump
Authors: Li Wei , Ji Leilei , Agarwal Ramesh , Shi Weidong , Zhou Ling
Published: June 2024

The numerical results used to describe the special flow features/characteristics of the mixed-flow pump in this chapter were obtained by employing the computational methodology described in Chapter 3 which includes the pump model, mesh generation, turbulence models and their near wall treatment, and the boundary conditions. Additional details specific to this chapter are provided inside the text of the chapter.
Analysis of the Vortex Dynamics Characteristics in the Tip Region of the Mixed-flow Pump Under Cavitation
Authors: Li Wei , Ji Leilei , Agarwal Ramesh , Shi Weidong , Zhou Ling
Published: June 2024

The numerical results used to describe the special flow features/characteristics of the mixed-flow pump in this chapter were obtained by employing the computational methodology described in Chapter 3 which includes the pump model, mesh generation, turbulence models and their near wall treatment, and the boundary conditions. Additional details specific to this chapter are provided inside the text of the chapter.
Basic Concepts and Theory of Mixed-flow Pumps
Authors: Li Wei , Ji Leilei , Agarwal Ramesh , Shi Weidong , Zhou Ling
Published: June 2024

The parameters characterizing the performance of the pump are as follows.
Pump Performance Analysis Methods
Authors: Li Wei , Ji Leilei , Agarwal Ramesh , Shi Weidong , Zhou Ling
Published: June 2024

In a mixed-flow pump, due to the viscosity of the working fluid medium and the existence of turbulent shear stresses during operation, the mechanical energy is converted into internal energy irreversibly which causes irreversible energy losses. Therefore, the local entropy production method is a proper analysis tool to measure the mechanical energy loss and to determine the energy dissipation in the blade tip region of the pump.
CFD Simulations of a Mixed-flow Pump Using Various Turbulence Models
Authors: Li Wei , Ji Leilei , Agarwal Ramesh , Shi Weidong , Zhou Ling
Published: June 2024

The numerical results used to describe the special flow features/characteristics of the mixed-flow pump in this chapter were obtained by employing the computational methodology described in Chapter 3 which includes the pump model, mesh generation, turbulence models and their near wall treatment, and the boundary conditions. Additional details specific to this chapter are provided inside the text of the chapter.
Passive Suppression of Rotating Stall in Mixed-flow Pump
Authors: Li Wei , Ji Leilei , Agarwal Ramesh , Shi Weidong , Zhou Ling
Published: June 2024

The numerical results used to describe the special flow features/characteristics of the mixed-flow pump in this chapter were obtained by employing the computational methodology described in Chapter 3 which includes the pump model, mesh generation, turbulence models and their near wall treatment, and the boundary conditions. Additional details specific to this chapter are provided inside the text of the chapter.