bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the use of flat-fields for tomographic reconstruction
Authors: Jailin Clément , Buffière Jean-Yves , Hild François , Poncelet Martin , Roux Stéphane
Published: November 2016

Seeking for quantitative tomographic images, it is of utmost importance to limit reconstruction artifacts. Detector imperfections, inhomogeneity of the incident beam, as classically observed in synchrotron beamlines, and their variations in time are a major cause of reconstruction bias such as `ring artifacts'. The present study aims at proposing a faithful estimate of the incident beam local intensity for each acquired projection during a scan, without revisiting the process of data acquisition itself. Actual flat-fields (acquired without specimen in the beam) and sinogram borders (when the specimen is present), which are not masked during the scan, are exploited to construct a suited instantaneous detector-wide flat-field. The proposed treatment is fast and simple. Its performance is assessed on a real scan acquired at ESRF ID19 beamline. Different criteria are used including residuals, i.e. difference between projections of reconstruction and actual projections. All confirm the benefit of the proposed procedure.
Development of a dose-limiting data collection strategy for serial synchrotron rotation crystallography
Authors: Hasegawa Kazuya , Yamashita Keitaro , Murai Tomohiro , Nuemket Nipawan , Hirata Kunio , Ueno Go , Ago Hideo , Nakatsu Toru , Kumasaka Takashi , Yamamoto Masaki
Published: November 2016

Serial crystallography, in which single-shot diffraction images are collected, has great potential for protein microcrystallography. Although serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) has been successfully demonstrated, limited beam time prevents its routine use. Inspired by SFX, serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) has been investigated at synchrotron macromolecular crystallography beamlines. Unlike SFX, the longer exposure time of milliseconds to seconds commonly used in SSX causes radiation damage. However, in SSX, crystals can be rotated during the exposure, which can achieve efficient coverage of the reciprocal space. In this study, mercury single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (Hg-SAD) phasing of the luciferin regenerating enzyme (LRE) was performed using serial synchrotron rotation crystallography. The advantages of rotation and influence of dose on the data collected were evaluated. The results showed that sample rotation was effective for accurate data collection, and the optimum helical rotation step depended on multiple factors such as multiplicity and partiality of reflections, exposure time per rotation angle and the contribution from background scattering. For the LRE microcrystals, 0.25° was the best rotation step for the achievable resolution limit, whereas a rotation step larger than or equal to 1° was favorable for Hg-SAD phasing. Although an accumulated dose beyond 1.1 MGy caused specific damage at the Hg site, increases in resolution and anomalous signal were observed up to 3.4 MGy because of a higher signal-to-noise ratio.
Arusha women entrepreneur: reducing poverty through job creation and sustainable income for smallholder farmers
Authors: Calvo Sara , Morales Andres
Published: November 2016

Subject area

Social enterprise.

Study level/applicability

This case study can be used on modules on social enterprise (SE) and international business for undergraduate and postgraduate studies.

Case overview

Arusha Women Entrepreneur (AWE) is a SE established in 2008 in Tanzania that employs low-income women from peri-urban Arusha and provides technical and management skills training to smallholder farmers. AWE has created a value supply chain from the production and marketing of aflatoxin-free, natural peanut butter, having a strong vision of delivering social and development benefits for smallholder peanut farmers and unemployed women.

Expected learning outcomes

This case is the basis for class discussion rather than for illustrating either effective or ineffective handling of a business. From this case, students will learn about the emergence and development of SEs and the challenges they encounter to grow.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS: 3: Entrepreneurship.
Staff perceptions and changing role of pre-hospital profession in the UK ambulance services
Authors: Wankhade Paresh
Published: November 2016

Purpose

There is a growing academic interest in the examination and exploration of work intensification in a wide range of healthcare settings. The purpose of this paper is to explore the differing staff perceptions in emergency ambulance services in the UK. It provides evidence on the challenges for the paramedic professionalisation agenda and managing operational demands and work intensity in emotionally challenging circumstances, with significant implications for patient safety.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the evidence from an empirical study in a large National Health Service ambulance trust in England, this paper examines the challenges and differing staff perceptions of the changing scope and practice of ambulance personnel in the UK. Amidst the progress on the professionalisation of the paramedic agenda, individual trusts are facing challenges in form of staff attitudes towards meeting performance targets, coupled with rising demand, fear of loss of contracts and private competition.

Findings

Research findings highlight differing perceptions from various sub-cultural groups and lack of clarity over the core values which are reinforced by cultural and management differences. Need for greater management to explore the relationship between high sickness levels and implications for patient safety including the need for policy and research attention follows from this study. The implications of work intensity on gender equality within the ambulance settings are also discussed.

Research limitations/implications

Ambulance services around the world are witnessing a strain on their operational budgets with increasing demand for their services. Study evidence support inconclusive evidence for patent safety despite the growing specialist paramedic roles. Organisational implications of high staff sickness rates have been largely overlooked in the management literature. This study makes an original contribution while building upon the earlier conceptions of work intensification.

Practical implications

The study findings have significant implications for the ambulance services for better understanding of the staff perceptions on work intensity and implications for patient safety, high sickness absence rates amidst increasing ambulance demand. Study findings will help prepare the organisational policies and design appropriate response.

Social implications

Societal understanding about the organisational implications of the work intensity in an important emergency response service will encourage further debate and discussion.

Originality/value

This study makes an original contribution by providing insights into the intra-organisational dynamics in an unusual organisational setting of the emergency ambulance services. Study findings have implications for further research inquiry into staff illness, patient safety and gender issues in ambulance services. Evidence cited in the paper has further relevance to ambulance services globally.
Assessment of emergency/disaster preparedness and awareness for animal owners in Canada
Authors: Onukem Mary
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the vulnerability and challenges faced by Canadian pet owners in times of disaster and evaluate emergency preparedness measures put in place to address the identified issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Emergency preparedness strategies from different countries were identified to weigh against Canada’s state of preparedness.

Findings

Pet/animal owners without emergency plans for their animals are more vulnerable than non-pet owners when they need to flee from disaster; and as Canada faces disaster challenges, proactive preparedness in emergency demands awareness, cooperation and commitment from everyone –governments, corporations, community groups and individuals become a necessity.

Originality/value

Based on the identified need, the paper reviews strategies that engages pet owners in preparing for emergency in order to keep individuals and their communities safe. This paper will be beneficial to policy makers, researchers, health educators, scholars and emergency management professionals that read the journal.
Managerial and leadership implications of the retained duty system in English fire and rescue services
Authors: West Damien , Murphy Peter
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the managerial and leadership challenges faced when managing personnel in the retained duty system (RDS) within English fire and rescue services. It examines the key areas of motivation, commitment, culture, relationships and practical management arrangements.

Design/methodology/approach

This exploratory research, using primary and secondary sources, adopted a deductive approach, incorporating questionnaires, interviews, focus groups and document analysis.

Findings

The research identified issues agreed upon by both employees and managers, and as well as areas of disparity and conflict. It also highlighted matters that appear to be pivotal to the successful management of a RDS, and in particular the importance of how roles are deployed, and managed by senior management, as well as how employees perceive them.

Practical implications

This paper offers recommendations regarding the managerial understanding and appreciation of an RDS as some managers in this research appear to have little or no knowledge of (or indeed a misconception of) key issues in the effective management of the RDS It suggests recommendations for the wider support and engagement of RDS personnel.

Originality/value

This paper offers a contemporary assessment of the challenges faced when managing RDS personnel. While firefighters and whole-time unionised firefighters in particular, have attracted interest from scholars of industrial relations, there has been relatively little academic research from a public management perspective.
Export market expansion through indirect learning: evidence from Korean exporters
Authors: Oh Han-Mo , Arnett Dennis B. , An Sang Bong
Published: November 2016

Purpose

A appreciable number of exporters have successfully developed their markets in foreign countries although they have little prior experience in those countries. Advocating that indirect learning plays a crucial role in explaining this phenomenon, the purpose of this paper is attempted to investigate whether and how learning indirectly from competitors and interfirm relationships enables exporters to successful expand their business into foreign markets.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the knowledge-based theory of the firm and the late-mover advantage theory, the authors developed an empirically testable model that explains and predicts the effects of indirect learning on the success of export market expansion. The model was tested using a complied archival data set in regard to exporters’ market expansion events and international accounting. The sampling frame was the events of Korean exporters’ market expansion.

Findings

Empirical evidence shows that exporters’ indirect learning from domestic, local, global competitors and from interfirm relationships influence their success of market expansion. In addition, indirect learning from domestic rivals and from interfirm relationships has a more positive effect on the success of expansion into emerging markets than into developed markets.

Research limitations/implications

Because the authors employed an event-study method, the limitations of this method can be applied to the present research. In addition, because of the empirical context, the results of the research may lack generalizability. The authors, however, provided an understanding how an exporter can succeed in a foreign market specifically when it has lack of direct experience in the market.

Practical implications

The results of the current research suggested that an exporter should try to learn from local, domestic, and global rivals experienced in a foreign market in order to succeed in the market. In addition, exporters should be affiliated with business groups or partnerships because these affiliations can strengthen the information-sharing mechanisms. Moreover, an exporter should focus first on learning from local rivals and then domestic rivals in order to develop proper expansion strategies. Finally, an exporter should attempt to more actively learn from rivals and interfirm relationships when it targets an emerging market than a developed market.

Originality/value

Prior studies have emphasized the effects of a firm’s direct learning on market development success. The authors, however, filled a knowledge gap of the impacts of learning in two aspects. First, the authors provided an understanding of the effects of indirect learning on market expansion success. Second, the authors demonstrated these effects in the context of export.
Impact of application factors of the AEO program on its performance
Authors: Chang-Bong Kim , Chun Hong-Uk , Kwon Seung-Ha
Published: November 2016

Purpose

In a changing trade landscape, global trade transaction relies on a global supply-chain network. Customs clearance to cross borders is critical to enhancing the competitiveness of both importers and exporters. As such, each country has adopted an authorized economic operator (AEO) program to promote the security of both imported and exported cargo as well as expedite freight movements. The purpose of this paper is to discover the factors which should be taken into account to utilize an AEO program, and to look at the causal relations between these factors.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducted a survey on 201 AEO programs in Korea. With partial least squares, the structure model is tested using the coefficient value of the determination of the dependent variable, explained by the sign and scale of the path coefficient, statistical significance, and leading variable. Moreover, this study performed bootstrap re-sampling to verify all paths and significance.

Findings

It was found that AEO external pressure, training capacity, and sustainability are shown to have a significant impact on AEO performance. Furthermore, for the group with a high level of AEO application, training capacity and AEO sustainability are shown to have a greater effect on AEO performance. For the group with a low level of AEO application, internal regulation is shown to have a bigger impact on AEO performance.

Originality/value

This study sets itself apart from previous ones in that it examines AEO application for trade security and facilitation with regard to customs, which would affect global supply-chain management.
Handling of production disturbances in the manufacturing industry
Authors: Bokrantz Jon , Skoogh Anders , Ylipää Torbjörn , Stahre Johan
Published: November 2016

Purpose

A common understanding of what events to regard as production disturbances (PD) are essential for effective handling of PDs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to answer the two questions: how are individuals with production or maintenance management positions in industry classifying different PD factors? Which factors are being measured and registered as PDs in the companies monitoring systems?

Design/methodology/approach

A longitudinal approach using a repeated cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Empirical data were collected from 80 companies in 2001 using a paper-based questionnaire, and from 71 companies in 2014 using a web-based questionnaire.

Findings

A diverging view of 21 proposed PD factors is found between respondents in manufacturing industry, and there is also a lack of correspondence with existing literature. In particular, planned events are not classified and registered to the same extent as downtime losses. Moreover, the respondents are often prone to classify factors as PDs compared to what is actually registered. This diverging view has been consistent for over a decade, and hinders companies to develop systematic and effective strategies for handling of PDs.

Originality/value

There has been no in-depth investigation, especially not from a longitudinal perspective, of the personal interpretation of PDs from people who play a central role in achieving high reliability of production systems.
An empirical investigation of critical success factors and performance measures for green manufacturing in cement industry
Authors: Seth Dinesh , Shrivastava R.L. , Shrivastava Sanjeev
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to aim for the development and analysis of green manufacturing (GM)-based framework on the identified critical success factors (CSFs) and performance measures (PMs) in the context of the Indian cement industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The research follows survey method for data collection. For framework development, it uses factor analysis on the identified CSFs and regression along with the appropriate measures for checking statistical consistency and validity.

Findings

This is the first research towards GM framework for the Indian cement industry. Till date, no framework is available which could guide researchers and practitioners of this environment unfriendly industry. Study exposes lack of connectivity between CSFs and PMs for a GM framework and highlights weaknesses of cement industry in this regard. It offers a generalised GM framework linking PMs with top management, human resource management, organisational culture, green practices, process management and supply chain management.

Practical implications

The framework is expected to help both researchers and practitioners from cement, construction and other industries who are serious towards GM implementation and are looking for appropriate mechanism. This framework if implemented properly will result in enhanced productivity.

Originality/value

This work is one of the few and pioneering efforts to investigate GM linking CSFs and PMs in Indian manufacturing sectors and the first in cement industry. Not many studies are available in the context of cement industry, which is the lifeblood of infrastructure and construction sectors. The importance of the work increases as it is conducted in the Indian context, which is undeniably an important economy of the world.
The value relevance of earnings, cash flows and book values in Egypt
Authors: Mostafa Wael
Published: November 2016

Purpose

Motivated by the lack of research on the value relevance of accounting information in the emerging markets of Middle Eastern countries, and the unique institutional and accounting setting in Egypt, this paper aims to investigate the relation between capital market and accounting information in the emerging market of Egypt. Specifically, based on Egyptian data, this study examines the value relevance of earnings, cash flows from operations and book values.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the value relevance of the above accounting measures, this study uses statistical associations between accounting information and capital market values: the association between earnings and annual returns; the association between cash flows and accruals, and annual returns; and the association between earnings and book values of equity, and stock prices.

Findings

The results show that, first, earnings have value relevance. However, earnings changes are significantly more successful than earnings levels in explaining security returns. These results suggest that changes in earnings are largely permanent; hence, earnings follow (close to) a random walk model. Second, contrary to what is stated in the literature, cash flows from operations are not successful in explaining stock returns. This result suggests that cash flows are less important and not value relevant in Egypt compared to the USA or the UK. A possible explanation is that cash flows in Egypt are very volatile (high variance) and not persistent, so the market does not rely on them. Third, individually, both earnings and book values significantly explain stock prices; however, jointly, earnings have incremental explanatory power beyond book values for stock prices whereas book values do not. These results suggest that in Egypt the income statement is much more important than the balance sheet for valuation purposes. Overall, these results are interesting because they do not completely replicate the results from other countries.

Practical implications

The existence of value relevance for earnings despite the apparent lack of value relevance for cash flows can be interpreted as indicating that accruals are designed to offset and smooth cash flows’ volatility and low value relevance, so that earnings are relatively more persistent and relevant. These results show that earnings potentially are a much more important and informative measure of a firm’s value than cash flows from operations in Egypt. However, we certainly need the cash flows information as an ex-post validation of the prior earnings. Overall, it appears that the investors in Egypt are looking at the accounting data when evaluating the value of the firm, which is a good sign. However, the empirical findings of this paper are discussed.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the limited research on value relevance of accounting information in the emerging market of Egypt.
The functional role of entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial bricolage in ensuring sustainable entrepreneurship
Authors: Hooi Ho Chea , Ahmad Noor Hazlina , Amran Azlan , Rahman Syed Abidur
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to delve the influencing factors of sustainable entrepreneurship among SMEs in Malaysia. The heightened awareness in sustainable development coupled with globalisation has created immense aspiration, enthusiasm and interest in the trajectory of sustainable entrepreneurship. With this set of circumstances, the objective of the study is to explore the possible predictive factors that enhance sustainable entrepreneurship among Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

This study examined the relationships between sustainable entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial orientation, sustainability orientation and entrepreneurial bricolage through the lens of a resource-based view, upper echelons theory and corporate social responsibility. A total of 102 responses from a survey instrument from Malaysian SMEs were analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling.

Findings

The results indicated that the entrepreneurial orientation is associated with the degree of sustainable entrepreneurship, and is mediated by the role and degree of entrepreneurial bricolage.

Originality/value

This study highlights the importance of sustainable entrepreneurship among SMEs with respect to the heightened societal and environmental awareness among consumers and international regulation concerning environmental protection.
Employee voice behavior revisited: its forms and antecedents
Authors: Chou Shih Yung , Barron Katelin
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, this article attempts to classify employee voice behavior using three distinct dimensions of voice message embedded in employee voice behavior: voice change beneficiary, voice change approach and voice change time orientation. Second, this article discusses the theoretical underpinning that can be used to best explain the antecedents of a certain form of employee voice behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical analysis was performed.

Findings

This article proposes that employee voice behavior can be classified into self-centered vs other-centered, improvement-focused vs prevention-focused and present-oriented vs future-oriented. Moreover, this article discusses how social exchange, personality traits and cultural perspectives help explain the antecedents of each of these forms of employee voice behavior.

Practical implications

First, this article recommends that managers should evaluate employee voice behavior based upon contexts in which the behavior is exhibited. Second, this article recommends that managers not only need to establish an environment where employee voice behavior is strongly encouraged, but also pay attention to reducing psychological and physical symptoms caused by speaking up for others. Finally, this article provides further managerial implications by highlighting that high-quality social exchange relationships can not only trigger employees’ desire to voice for themselves, but also motivate employees to voice for others.

Originality/value

This article is one of the few studies that attempt to classify employee voice behavior.
Rewards and recognition to engage private bank employees
Authors: Ghosh Piyali , Rai Alka , Chauhan Ragini , Baranwal Gargi , Srivastava Divya
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the potential mediating role of employee engagement between rewards and recognition and normative commitment.

Design/methodology/approach

Responses of a sample of 176 private bank employees in India were used to examine the proposed mediated model.

Findings

The variable rewards and recognition is found to be significantly correlated to both employee engagement and normative commitment. Results of regression have been analyzed in line with the four conditions of mediation laid down by Baron and Kenny (1986). Further, SPSS macro developed by Preacher and Hayes (2004) is used to test the proposed mediation model. The relationship between rewards and recognition and normative commitment is found to become smaller after controlling the variable employee engagement. The results provide partial support to the mediation hypothesis.

Originality/value

Normative commitment has been less researched relative to the attention paid to affective commitment. Further, no research has yet focused on the impact of rewards and recognition on normative commitment, with the mediating impact of employee engagement. This study hence provides the first empirical test of the established relationship between rewards and recognition and employee engagement by introducing normative commitment as an outcome variable.
A study on generational differences in work values and person-organization fit and its effect on turnover intention of Generation Y in India
Authors: Rani Nitya , Samuel Anand
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into differences in work values and Person–Organisation (P–O) fit of Baby Boomers, Gen X and Gen Y in India and to understand the relationship between (P–O) fit values and turnover intention of Generation Y employees.

Design/methodology/approach

The work values were measured using an adapted version of Lyons Work Values scale. The generational differences in work values and P–O fit were studied using multivariate analysis of variance and relationship between P–O fit values and turnover intention of Gen Y employees was studied using polynomial regression and response surface methodology.

Findings

Significant differences in work values were observed between Generation Y and older generations. Generation Y also reported significantly higher discrepancy in P–O fit values than Generation X and Baby Boomers. This had an effect on their turnover intention.

Research limitations/implications

A cross-sectional design was used to study the generational differences in work values where the generation effects may have been confounded with age effects.

Practical implications

The differences in work values and P–O fit values of Generation Y and older generations provide input into designing organisation systems and structures more suitable for younger generations to manage the high turnover among Generation Y in India.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies on generational differences in work values and P–O fit in the Indian context. It is also one of the first to investigate relationship between P–O fit and turnover intention of Generation Y in India.
Developing a green maintainability framework for green walls in Singapore
Authors: Chew Michael Y.L. , Conejos Sheila
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The use of green wall technology in green buildings is a growing trend; however, more research is required about their maintainability, taking into account that maintainability at the design stage is a valuable strategy in achieving building efficiency and sustainability. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to determine the issues in operating and maintaining green walls, particularly in tropical areas like Singapore, leading to the development of a green maintainability framework.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses a qualitative method that combines a thorough and systematic literature review, multiple case studies, field observation surveys and selected instrumental case studies with building plan appraisal and interviews to investigate the potential issues associated with the maintainability of green walls in tropical areas like Singapore.

Findings

The findings show that technical and environmental issues/defects are prevalent in the operation and maintainability of green wall technologies applied in green buildings located in tropical regions. Proper considerations of these findings will encourage green building designers and facilities managers to collaborate in the effective implementation of operations and maintenance of green building technologies.

Originality/value

This research gives new and significant information while identifying a clear knowledge gap. The paper recommends the formulation of a green maintainability framework with a set of design criteria that will serve as a benchmark in the future design of green walls. The green maintainability framework would be a valuable addition to green facilities management in ensuring the long-term maintainability and sustainability of existing and new green walls in tropical areas specifically in Singapore.
The problem of clothes drying in new homes in the UK
Authors: Madgwick Della , Wood Hannah
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The current focus on air tight construction to minimise energy use in homes in the UK requires analysis of the behaviour of the occupants. The purpose of this paper is to review current literature and explore the methods used to dry clothes, to assess current standards and recommendation for the drying of laundry in new homes and the issues arising with increased moisture within the building envelope where there may be inadequate ventilation caused by impermeable design.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature is reviewed on new housing in the UK and as part of a wider study of behaviour questionnaires were delivered to occupants of a recently completed housing estate in the UK to ask the questions with regard to their laundry practice.

Findings

There are inherent problems in drying laundry in new air tight homes. This case study identifies 95 per cent of residents on a new estate own a tumble dryer and use either this high energy method for clothes drying or hang clothes internally within the property leading to higher energy use or potential mould growth.

Research limitations/implications

Further research is required into how drying laundry impacts on internal air quality in new homes designed to be energy efficient.

Practical implications

The design of new houses needs to be considered to provide a shift in people’s behaviour with regard to low energy clothes drying.

Social implications

Policy and regulation need to be changed urgently to ensure new homes are fit for purpose with regards to laundry drying.

Originality/value

Other research has focussed on tenants in social housing in properties of mixed ages. This is the first study which focusses specifically on new energy efficient housing for owner occupiers.
Adaptive reuse of industrial heritage for cultural purposes in Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing
Authors: Chen Jie , Judd Bruce , Hawken Scott
Published: November 2016

Purpose

With the dramatic transformation of China’s industrial landscape, since the late 1990s, adaptive reuse of industrial heritage for cultural purposes has become a widely occurring phenomenon in major Chinese cities. The existing literature mainly focusses on specific cases, yet sees heritage conservation similarly at both national and regional scale and rarely identifies the main factors behind the production of China’s industrial-heritage reuse. The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in heritage reuse outcomes among three Chinese mega-cities and explore the driving factors influencing the differences.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper compares selected industrial-heritage cultural precincts in Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, and explores the local intervening factors influencing differences in their reuse patterns, including the history of industrial development, the availability of the nineteenth and/or twentieth century industrial buildings, the existence of cultural capital and the prevalence of supportive regional government policy.

Findings

The industrial-heritage reuse in the three cities is highly regional. In Beijing, the adaptation of industrial heritage has resulted from the activities of large-scale artist communities and the local government’s promotion of the city’s cultural influence; while in Shanghai, successful and more commercially oriented “sea culture” artists, private developers in creative industries and the “creative industry cluster” policy make important contributions. Chongqing in contrast, is still at the early stage of heritage conservation, as demonstrated by its adaptive reuse outcomes. Considering its less-developed local cultural economy, Chongqing needs to adopt a broader range of development strategies.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to knowledge by revealing that the production of industrial-heritage cultural precincts in Chinese mega-cities is influenced by regional level factors, including the types of industrial heritage, the spontaneous participation of artist communities and the encouragement of cultural policy.
Opinion Polls, Coalition Signals and Strategic Voting: Evidence from a Survey Experiment
Authors: Fredén Annika
Published: November 2016

Recent studies find that defection from one's most preferred party to some other party is as common under proportional representation (PR) as it is in plurality systems. It is less elaborated how election‐specific contextual factors affect strategic vote choice under PR. This study looks at the impact of two potentially important contextual factors: parties’ coalition signals about cooperation with other parties (referred to as ‘pre‐electoral coalitions’) and polling information, which vary from one election to the next. The focus is strategic voting for smaller parties at risk of falling below an electoral threshold. The hypothesis is that parties that are included in well‐defined coalitions will benefit from strategic ‘insurance’ votes if the polls show that they have support slightly below the threshold. However, smaller parties that do not belong to a coalition would be less likely to benefit from insurance votes. Extensive survey experiments with randomized coalition signals and polls give support to the idea that a voter's tendency to cast an insurance vote depends on whether the polls show support below or above the threshold and whether the party is included in a coalition or not.
Narrative collisions, sociocultural pressures and dementia: the relational basis of personhood reconsidered
Authors: Tolhurst Edward , Weicht Bernhard , Kingston Paul
Published: November 2016

The concept of personhood developed by Tom Kitwood highlights that the experience of dementia has relational dimensions that transcend the neurodegenerative impacts of the condition. This relational focus, however, has been narrowly conceptualised, with the impact of broader sociocultural factors on experience underplayed. The empirical exploration of interaction also requires reinforcement: a tendency for dyadic studies to portray findings in an individualised format hinders the interrogation of interpersonal negotiations. This article draws upon qualitative research that employed a joint interview approach, interviewing men with dementia and their spousal carers together. The focus on a dyadic case study from this research enables methodical exploration of the experience of living with dementia. This is realised by considering the socially‐framed perspective of each person, and then how their perspectives are interwoven within interactional exchanges. This provides a platform for the evaluation of the current decontextualised notion of personhood and its implications. It is concluded that a sociologically‐informed perspective can help to reinforce the academic understanding of personhood.
Power, empowerment, and person‐centred care: using ethnography to examine the everyday practice of unregistered dementia care staff
Authors: Scales Kezia , Bailey Simon , Middleton Joanne , Schneider Justine
Published: November 2016

The social positioning and treatment of persons with dementia reflects dominant biomedical discourses of progressive and inevitable loss of insight, capacity, and personality. Proponents of person‐centred care, by contrast, suggest that such loss can be mitigated within environments that preserve rather than undermine personhood. In formal organisational settings, person‐centred approaches place particular responsibility on ‘empowered’ direct‐care staff to translate these principles into practice. These staff provide the majority of hands‐on care, but with limited training, recognition, or remuneration. Working within a Foucauldian understanding of power, this paper examines the complex ways that dementia care staff engage with their own ‘dis/empowerment’ in everyday practice. The findings, which are drawn from ethnographic studies of three National Health Service (NHS) wards and one private care home in England, are presented as a narrative exploration of carers’ general experience of powerlessness, their inversion of this marginalised subject positioning, and the related possibilities for action. The paper concludes with a discussion of how Foucault's understanding of power may help define and enhance efforts to empower direct‐care staff to provide person‐centred care in formal dementia care settings.
Derivational suffixes as cues to stress position in reading Greek
Authors: Grimani Aikaterini , Protopapas Athanassios
Published: November 2016

Background

In languages with lexical stress, reading aloud must include stress assignment. Stress information sources across languages include word‐final letter sequences. Here, we examine whether such sequences account for stress assignment in Greek and whether this is attributable to absolute rules involving accenting morphemes or to probabilistic lexical information.

Methods

Pseudowords were constructed to not resemble particular words and were suffixed with derivational morphemes associated with specific stress patterns, to be read aloud, presented either without a stress diacritic or with a diacritic congruent or incongruent with the suffix. Morphemes differed in whether or not there were stress competitors ending in the same letter sequences.

Results

Stress was assigned consistent with the suffix in the absence of the diacritic, more so when there were no stress competitors in the lexicon.

Conclusions

Results suggest a lexically based probabilistic mechanism taking into account pattern distributions rather than absolute rules based on the morphological accenting.
Are Two Heads Better Than One or Do Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth? The Trade‐Off between Physician Division of Labor and Patient Continuity of Care for Older Adults with Complex Chronic Conditions
Authors: Johnston Kenton J. , Hockenberry Jason M.
Published: November 2016

Objective

To examine the effects of physician division of labor and patient continuity of care (COC) on the care quality and outcomes of older adults with complex chronic conditions.

Data Sources/Study Setting

Seven years (2006–2012) of panel data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS).

Study Design

Regression models were used to estimate the effect of the specialty‐type of physicians involved in annual patient evaluation and management, as well as patient COC, on simultaneous care processes and following year outcomes.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Multiyear cohorts of Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes and/or heart failure were retrospectively identified to create a panel of 15,389 person‐year observations.

Principal Findings

Involvement of both primary care physicians and disease‐relevant specialists is associated with better compliance with process‐of‐care guidelines, but patients seeing disease‐relevant specialists also receive more repeat cardiac imaging (p < .05). Patient COC is associated with less repeat cardiac imaging and compliance with some recommended care processes (p < .05), but the effects are small. Receiving care from a disease‐relevant specialist is associated with lower rates of following year functional impairment, institutionalization in long‐term care, and ambulatory care sensitive hospitalization (p < .05).

Conclusions

Annual involvement of disease‐relevant specialists in the care of beneficiaries with complex chronic conditions leads to more resource use but has a beneficial effect on outcomes.
Introduction to SWAT+, A Completely Restructured Version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool
Authors: Bieger Katrin , Arnold Jeffrey G. , Rathjens Hendrik , White Michael J. , Bosch David D. , Allen Peter M. , Volk Martin , Srinivasan Raghavan
Published: November 2016

SWAT+ is a completely restructured version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) that was developed to face present and future challenges in water resources modeling and management and to meet the needs of the worldwide user community. It is expected to improve code development and maintenance; support data availability, analysis, and visualization; and enhance the model's capabilities in terms of the spatial representation of elements and processes within watersheds. The most important change is the implementation of landscape units and flow and pollutant routing across the landscape. Also, SWAT+ offers more flexibility than SWAT in defining management schedules, routing constituents, and connecting managed flow systems to the natural stream network. To test the basic hydrologic function of SWAT+, it was applied to the Little River Experimental Watershed (Georgia) without enhanced overland routing and compared with previous models. SWAT+ gave similar results and inaccuracies as these models did for streamflow and water balance. Taking full advantage of the new capabilities of SWAT+ regarding watershed discretization and landscape and river interactions is expected to improve simulations in future studies. While many capabilities of SWAT have already been enhanced in SWAT+ and new capabilities have been added, the model will continue to evolve in response to advancements in scientific knowledge and the demands of the growing worldwide user community. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.
Testing of the Modified Streambank Erosion and Instream Phosphorus Routines for the SWAT Model
Authors: Mittelstet A.R. , Storm D.E. , Fox G.A.
Published: November 2016

In some watersheds, streambanks are a source of two major pollutants, phosphorus (P) and sediment. P originating from both uplands and streambanks can be transported and stored indefinitely on floodplains, streambanks, and in closed depressions near the stream. The objectives of this study were to (1) test the modified streambank erosion and instream P routines for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in the Barren Fork Creek watershed in northeast Oklahoma, (2) predict P in the watershed with and without streambank‐derived P, and (3) determine the significance of streambank erosion P relative to overland P sources. Measured streambank and channel parameters were incorporated into a flow‐calibrated SWAT model and used to estimate streambank erosion and P for the Barren Fork Creek using modified streambank erosion and instream P routines. The predicted reach‐weighted streambank erosion was 40 kg/m vs. the measured 42 kg/m. Streambank erosion contributed 47% of the total P to the Barren Fork Creek and improved P predictions compared to observed data, especially during the high‐flow events. Of the total P entering the stream system, approximately 65% was removed via the watershed outlet and 35% was stored in the floodplain and stream system. This study successfully applied the SWAT model's modified streambank erosion and instream P routines and demonstrated that streambank‐derived P can improve P modeling at the watershed scale. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.
CT brain perfusion: A static phantom study of contrast‐to‐noise ratio and radiation dose
Authors: Midgley Stewart M , Stella Damien L , Campbell Bruce CV , Langenberg Francesca , Einsiedel Paul F
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is increasingly employed in the diagnosis and management of ischaemic stroke but radiation dose can be significant and optimising contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) is challenging. This study aimed to quantify and optimise the balance between CNR as a surrogate for image quality and radiation dose.

Methods

A perspex head phantom with vials of dilute contrast agent was scanned using a Siemens Definition Flash 128‐slice scanner. The CTP protocol exposure parameters were adjusted over 70–120 kVp and 150–285 mAs. Measurements were obtained for the average dose per slice, Hounsfield Units (HU) for iodinated contrast agent, and the image noise for background regions of perspex. The CNR was measured as a function of the volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and kVp.

Results

A change from 120 to 80 kVp, achieved the same CNR with 60% reduction in dose. Alternatively, for the same dose, the change from 120 to 80 kVp improved CNR by +58%. A change from 80 to 70 kVp while operating at the same CNR, led to 13% reduction in dose. Alternatively, maintaining the same dose while changing from 80 to 70 kVp improved the CNR by +7%.

Conclusion

Lower beam energies achieved the same CNR with less dose, or improved CNR at the same dose. A reduction from 80 kVp to 70 kVp may be clinically useful to optimise CTP acquisitions.