bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relations between Newtonian and Relativistic Cosmology
Authors: de Haro Jaume
Published: June 2024

We start with the cosmic Friedmann equations, where we adopt a novel perspective rooted in a Lagrangian formulation, grounded in Newtonian mechanics and the first law of thermodynamics. Our investigation operates under the assumption that the universe is populated by either a perfect fluid or a scalar field. By elucidating the intricate interplay between the Lagrangian formulation and the cosmic Friedmann equations, we uncover the fundamental principles governing the universe’s dynamics within the framework of these elemental constituents. In our concluding endeavor, we embark on the task of harmonizing the classical equations—namely, the conservation, Euler, and Poisson equations—with the principles of General Relativity. This undertaking seeks to extend these foundational equations to encompass the gravitational effects delineated by General Relativity, thus providing a comprehensive framework for understanding the behavior of matter and spacetime in the cosmic context.
Nucleic Acid Sensor-Mediated PANoptosis in Viral Infection
Authors: Zhu Lili , Qi Zehong , Zhang Huali , Wang Nian
Published: June 2024

Innate immunity, the first line of host defense against viral infections, recognizes viral components through different pattern-recognition receptors. Nucleic acids derived from viruses are mainly recognized by Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors, absent in melanoma 2-like receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors (e.g., Z-DNA-binding protein 1 and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase). Different types of nucleic acid sensors can recognize specific viruses due to their unique structures. PANoptosis is a unique form of inflammatory cell death pathway that is triggered by innate immune sensors and driven by caspases and receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinases through PANoptosome complexes. Nucleic acid sensors (e.g., Z-DNA-binding protein 1 and absent in melanoma 2) not only detect viruses, but also mediate PANoptosis through providing scaffold for the assembly of PANoptosomes. This review summarizes the structures of different nucleic acid sensors, discusses their roles in viral infections by driving PANoptosis, and highlights the crosstalk between different nucleic acid sensors. It also underscores the promising prospect of manipulating nucleic acid sensors as a therapeutic approach for viral infections.
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Hesitancy, and Uptake in People with Diabetes in Australia
Authors: Wang Holly , Grech Lisa , Wong Jennifer , Hoffman David , de Courten Barbora , Sillars Brett , Savage Mark , Kwok Alastair , Nguyen Mike , Bain Nathan , Day Daphne , Segelov Eva , on behalf of the DIABVACCS Investigators on behalf of the DIABVACCS Investigators
Published: June 2024

Background: This study explored vaccination hesitancy, diabetes-specific COVID-19 vaccination concerns, and whether they predicted vaccination uptake in people with diabetes. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, and predictive approaches were used. An online survey was conducted with people with diabetes attending four Australian health services, using convenience sampling (n = 842). The survey data collected included clinico-demographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and attitudes around COVID-19 vaccine confidence and complacency. Clinico-demographic characteristics that predicted vaccination status, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccine-related attitudes were identified using regression analyses. Results: Most participants received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. Younger age and type 1 diabetes were associated with lower vaccination status, and they were partially mediated through higher vaccine hesitancy. Younger age and English as a dominant language were associated with higher negative attitudes towards speed of vaccine development. Conclusions: Despite an overall high vaccination rate, general and diabetes-specific COVID-19 vaccine concerns are a barrier to uptake for some people with diabetes, particularly in those who are younger or have type 1 diabetes. A detailed understanding of concerns for particular subgroups can help tailor information to increase vaccine acceptance, particularly in the context of requiring booster doses.
Insect Cell-Based Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Virus-like Particles Vaccine Elicits Potent Immune Responses in Mice
Authors: Badruzzaman A. T. M. , Cheng Yu-Chieh , Sung Wang-Chou , Lee Min-Shi
Published: June 2024

Influenza viruses can cause highly infectious respiratory diseases, posing noteworthy epidemic and pandemic threats. Vaccination is the most cost-effective intervention to prevent influenza and its complications. However, reliance on embryonic chicken eggs for commercial influenza vaccine production presents potential risks, including reductions in efficacy due to HA gene mutations and supply delays due to scalability challenges. Thus, alternative platforms are needed urgently to replace egg-based methods and efficiently meet the increasing demand for vaccines. In this study, we employed a baculovirus expression vector system to engineer HA, NA, and M1 genes from seasonal influenza strains A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Yamagata, and B/Victoria, generating virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine antigens, H1N1-VLP, H3N2-VLP, Yamagata-VLP, and Victoria-VLP. We then assessed their functional and antigenic characteristics, including hemagglutination assay, protein composition, morphology, stability, and immunogenicity. We found that recombinant VLPs displayed functional activity, resembling influenza virions in morphology and size while maintaining structural integrity. Comparative immunogenicity assessments in mice showed that our quadrivalent VLPs were consistent in inducing hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody titers against homologous viruses compared to both commercial recombinant HA and egg-based vaccines (Vaxigrip). The findings highlight insect cell-based VLP vaccines as promising candidates for quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines. Further studies are worth conducting.
Acute Whole-Body Vibration Does Not Alter Passive Muscle Stiffness in Physically Active Males
Authors: Spadafora Marco , Quinzi Federico , Lia Carmen Giulia , Greco Francesca , Folino Katia , Cosco Loretta Francesca , Emerenziani Gian Pietro
Published: June 2024

Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a widely used training method to increase muscle strength and power. However, its working mechanisms are still poorly understood, and studies investigating the effects of WBV on muscle stiffness are scant. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of WBV on stiffness and countermovement jump (CMJ). Twenty-four recreationally active males, on separate days and in random order, performed a static squat under two different conditions: with WBV (WBV) or without vibration (CC). Muscle stiffness was assessed through the Wartenberg pendulum test, and CMJ was recorded. RM-ANOVA was employed to test differences between conditions in the above-mentioned variables. In the CC condition, stiffness was significantly lower after the exposure to the static squat (p = 0.006), whereas no difference was observed after the exposure to WBV. WBV and CC did not affect CMJ. No significant correlation was observed between changes in CMJ and changes in stiffness. Our results show that WBV may mitigate the reduction in muscle stiffness observed after static squats. However, current results do not support the notion that WBV exposure may account for an increase in CMJ performance.
Risk of Natural Hazards Caused by Extreme Precipitation in Poland in 1951–2020
Authors: Kalbarczyk Robert , Kalbarczyk Eliza
Published: June 2024

Extreme precipitation of a minimum daily value of >30 mm often initiates natural hazards such as floods, which in turn may not only lead to property damage but also present a danger to people’s health and lives. This paper mainly focuses on examining the trends and frequency of extreme daily precipitation (EDPr) in Poland. Also, it determines natural risk zones caused by EDPr of >30 mm, >50 mm, >70 mm, and >100 mm. In Poland, a significant positive trend was found for EDPr > 30 mm, >50 mm, and >70 mm in September, and for EDPr >100 mm in May. The most frequently recorded EDPr in Poland was >30 mm, the frequency of which ranged from 0.04% in February to nearly 3% in July. EDPr of >100 mm was recorded in 4 months, from May to August. An increase in the frequency of monthly EDPr in Poland occurred mainly in the southwestern and western parts. In Poland, three hazard zones of various frequencies of EDPr events were determined. In Zone III, which is in the southwestern and southern parts of the country, EDPr events occurred far more often than in Zone I; on average, four times more in the spring–summer season and slightly more than five times more in the autumn–winter season. The obtained results may help in the building of modern management and monitoring systems for the prevention of natural hazards caused by extreme precipitation.
A Study on the Transient Characteristics of the Power-Off Transition Process of a Double-Volute Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Lu Lifeng , Ren Ziwei , Wang Zhongzan , Zhou Wenjie , Li Siwei , Dai Jin , Yang Chunxia , Dang Mengfan
Published: June 2024

A double-volute centrifugal pump is a very important pump type; the internal flow field of a centrifugal pump will change drastically during the transition process of power failure, which will affect the safety and stability of the pump’s operation. In this paper, the CFD numerical simulation method is used, and the UDF procedure is developed to realize the continuous update of the impeller speed at each time step. The working parameters, such as the torque and flow rate at the instantaneous moment, are obtained through the sequential iteration of each small step, and a numerical simulation of the power-off transient is carried out on a double-volute centrifugal pump; additionally, the changes in the external characteristic parameters and the internal flow field of the centrifugal pump are analyzed in detail. The results show that the double-volute centrifugal pump experienced four different modes after power failure, namely pump mode, braking mode, turbine mode, and runaway mode, and the absolute values of the runaway speed and runaway flow rate are 1.465 times and 1.21 times the initial values, respectively. Through the analysis of the flow field in different regions, the change processes of the generation, development, and disappearance of the vortex at each position of the centrifugal pump are obtained, and the change and development processes of the internal velocity gradient of the centrifugal pump are obtained. In addition, it is found that the high-speed area located in the second volute runner is larger than that of the first volute runner because the second volute runner is shorter and narrower than the first volute runner.
Enhancing Decision Fusion for Wastewater Treatment System Selection Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Gray Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Zhian Tahmineh , Hashemi Monfared Seyed Arman , Rashki Mohsen , Azizyan Gholamreza
Published: June 2024

This research presents an innovative data fusion model that utilizes Monte Carlo simulations (MC) and the Gray Analytic Hierarchy Process (G-AHP) to address the complexity and uncertainty in decision-making processes, particularly in selecting sustainable wastewater treatment systems. The study critiques and extends the Dempster–Shafer and Yager’s theories by incorporating a novel MC algorithm that mitigates the computational challenges of large numbers of experts and sensors. The model demonstrates superior performance in synthesizing diverse expert opinions and evidence, ensuring comprehensive and probabilistically informed decision-making under uncertainty. The results show that the combined MC algorithm produces satisfactory results, and thus, offers wide applicability in decision-making contexts. To determine its effectiveness, an extensive empirical study was conducted to identify an appropriate wastewater treatment system for the busy city of Tehran, incorporating the insights and perspectives of respected experts in the field. The selection was based on three technical, economic, and environmental–social criteria. Due to the large dimensions of each of the defined criteria, sub-criteria were also defined to achieve better results for each of the criteria. The in-depth analysis conducted revealed that enhanced aeration activated sludge (EAAS) emerged as the best choice for Tehran’s most urgent needs among various competitors, with a remarkable priority rating of 34.48%. Next, the Gray Analytic Hierarchy Process (G-AHP) was used to determine the most important sub-criterion, based on which resistance to hydraulic shock is most important in the enhanced aeration activated sludge system. Due to its versatility in different fields and industries, this method is a powerful tool for managers to optimize system efficiency and identify defects and risks and eventually to minimize costs.
Dredging Area Ecosystem Restoration Based on Biochar-Improved Sediment and Submerged Plant System
Authors: Zhang Shengqi , Zhang Jing , Fang Kun , Liu Ling , Wang Hongjie
Published: June 2024

Ecological restoration in dredging areas has attracted increasing attention. The reconstruction of a submerged plant ecosystem is an important method for aquatic ecosystem restoration. This study has systematically investigated the effect of biochar-improved sediment on the plant growth and decontamination efficiency of a constructed ecosystem. Microbial community composition and structure in the sediment were detected. The results showed that a supplement of 20 mg/g of biochar significantly increased the biomass of the submerged plants compared with other doses (0, 10, and 40 mg/g). The biomass and chlorophyll content were significantly inhibited by supplementing 40 mg/g of biochar. In the Ceratophyllum demersum L. system, TP and NH4+-N concentrations were significantly lower after treatment with 20 mg/g of biochar compared to other doses. In Vallisneria spiralis L. and Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle systems, NH4+-N, TP, and DO concentrations were significantly different among different biochar treatments. In general, 20 mg/g of biochar improved water quality in different submerged plant systems, while 40 mg/g of biochar had adverse effects on water quality, such as higher NH4+-N and TP concentrations. The dominant microbial community included Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. The structure and function of microbial communities were different among submerged plants and biochar treatments. Our results proposed a construction strategy of submerged plants in the dredging area.
Performance of Treating Surfactant-Containing Wastewater by Using Algal–Bacterial Granular Sludge
Authors: Wang Hanxiao , Liu Tongtong , Hang Xiaoshuai
Published: June 2024

Surfactants have been widely used in various fields in recent years, but subsequent treatment of their wastewater has always been a problem that needs to be solved. As a new sewage treatment method, algal–bacterial aerobic granule sludge (algal–bacterial AGS) is considered to be one of the potential methods for treating this kind of wastewater. This study investigated the efficiency of using algal–bacterial AGS to treat wastewater containing surfactants and compared it with bacterial AGS. The results indicated that when confronting a high-concentration surfactant, algal–bacterial AGS could keep a relatively high nutrient removal capacity (about 90% dissolved organic carbon, 99% ammonia nitrogen, 52% total phosphorus) and improved the adaptability to sudden changes in high-concentration surfactant environments compared with bacterial AGS. These results illustrated that algal–bacterial AGS is a potential method to process wastewater containing surfactants with superior treatment efficiency and adaption response.
Study of the clinical effectiveness of an accompanying rehabilitation complex with nutritional and infusional electrolyte support in patients with gastric cancer receiving immunotherapy
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «First Moscow State Medical University named after. THEM. Sechenov» of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Koneva E. S. ,   JSC «Group of Companies «Medsi», Clinical Hospital Medsi in Otradny, Mochalova A. S. ,   JSC «Group of Companies «Medsi», Clinical Hospital Medsi in Otradny; Pridnestrovian State University named after T. G. Shevchenko, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, Tiraspol,, Ogorodnikov V. A. ,   JSC «Group of Companies «Medsi», Clinical Hospital Medsi in Otradny, Suetina M. S. ,   JSC «Group of Companies «Medsi», Clinical Hospital Medsi in Otradny, Alieskerov M. V. ,   JSC «Group of Companies «Medsi», Clinical Hospital Medsi in Otradny, Kashanova A. E. ,   JSC «Group of Companies «Medsi», Clinical Hospital Medsi in Otradny
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Immunotherapeutic drugs have radically changed the concept of therapeutic algorithms for systemic treatment of cancer patients. Immunotherapy has been associated with increased overall survival for a significant portion of the cancer patient population. This also means that the number of patients who require long-term support aimed at maintaining quality of life, functional status and social activity is growing. Rehabilitation, aimed at the individual needs of each person, is an integral part of recovery support. Objective. We assessed individual needs for rehabilitation measures, including analysis of nutritional and functional status, as well as the spectrum of electrolyte disturbances over time during immunotherapeutic treatment in cancer patients with advanced unresectable gastric cancer. Material and methods. The study included 21 patients with advanced gastric cancer, the average age of the participants was 62.2 years. Eighteen patients were treated with nivolumab + FOLFOX, 3 patients with pembrolizumab + FOLFOX. All patients underwent a course of physical therapy and nutritional support in the form of sipping between meals (nutrient mixtures) from preventive to therapeutic regimens. All patients were surveyed about nutritional risk and quality of life (EORTC QLQ C30) before starting treatment and after completing the immunotherapy line. Results. The quality of life of patients according to a dynamic survey (EORTC QLQ 30) was significantly better after six months of treatment. Despite the lack of significant significance of changes in the nutritional status of patients, a positive trend was noted — all patients with NRS3 improved their scores to NRS2 or NRS1. The feasibility of studying electrolyte status and individual electrolyte support as a necessary component of complex rehabilitation was also noted. The study is planned to be continued in a randomized trial on a larger sample, expanding the objective measures studied to include disease-free and overall survival, objective response to treatment, and duration of response to treatment.
Natural therapeutic factors of Nalchik resort in the correction of anxiety-depressive disorders in patients with chronic pancreatitis
Authors:   North Caucasian Federal scientific clinical centre of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Essentuki, Russia, Kaisinova A. S. ,   Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute — a branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Pyatigorsk, Russia, Achabaeva A. B. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh. M. Berbekov, Nalchik, Russia, Makhinko A. N. ,   City Clinical Hospital № 1, Krasnodar, Russia, Gusova B. A. ,   Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute — a branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Pyatigorsk, Russia, Fedorov A. A. ,   Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Ekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Centre for the Prevention and Protection of Health of Workers of Industrial Enterprises, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The aim of the research is to study the effectiveness of natural therapeutic factors of Nalchik resort (climate landscape therapy and nitrogen-thermal baths) in the correction of anxiety-depressive disorders with patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis (CP) at the outpatient stage. Material and methods. A randomized controlled trial involved 119 patients with CP. By simple randomization, 3 groups were formed: in the control group (CG, n = 38), we carried out the treatment in accordance with Russian clinical recommendations (basic pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy exercises, small-group psychocorrection and dalargin phonophoresis); in the group of comparison (GC, n = 40), terrenkur was additionally prescribed in the natural park of Nalchik resort; in the main (MG, n = 41) — nitrogen-thermal baths were used in addition to the complex in the GC. Efficiency control was performed through the use of psychological testing using validated scales. Statistical analysis of the study materials was carried out using the standard STATISTICA 13.0. Results. Statistical analysis showed that the inclusion of climate landscape therapy and nitrogen-thermal baths contributed to a significant correction of anxiety-depressive disorders: the patients of the MG had a decrease in the level of hopelessness by 40.8 % (p < 0.01) compared to the baseline data, in the GC — by 33.3 % (p < 0.01), while in the observed of the CG — by 15.2 % (p < 0.05). A decrease in the severity of anxiety and depression according to HADS was noted with the same reliability: in the MG — by 51.5 % (p < 0.01), in the GC — by 36.9 % (p < 0.01) and in the CG — by 22.4 % (p < 0.05). The result was an improvement in the quality of life: in the MG on average — by 37.9 % (p < 0.01), in the GC — by 29.9 % (p < 0.01) and in the CG — by 21.0 % (p < 0.05) with between-group differences. The inclusion of climate landscape therapy and nitrogen-thermal baths in the standardized programme of rehabilitation treatment for CP at the outpatient stage provides a significant correction of anxiety and depressive disorders, leading to the restoration of physical and mental health of this category of patients.
On the question of electrical safety in physiotherapy rooms: protective grounding of electrical equipment
Authors:   IGMAPO — branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education RMANPO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Irkutsk, Russia, Abramovich S. G. , Drobyshev V. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Novosibirsk State Medical University» Ministry of Health of Russia, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The article discusses current issues of electrical safety in medical and preventive organizations. Goal: to attract the attention of physiotherapy specialists to the correct organization of protective grounding as the main means of preventing electrical injuries. Material and research: modern regulatory framework for the technical operation of electrical installations of electrical energy consumers in medical premises, the selection and use of electrical equipment and grounding devices, the frequency of inspections, measurements and tests, passports of grounding devices. Conclusion. It seems important to carry out measures to prevent accidents during the operation of physiotherapeutic equipment in each physiotherapy unit. To increase the level of organization of work on electromedical devices. Exclude the admission of personnel to the work of paramedical personnel without mandatory verification of the implementation of organizational and technical measures in the preparation of workplaces. Health care facilities should regularly hold occupational safety days, during which health care personnel should learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills, which today can be done in multidisciplinary accreditation and simulation centers of medical universities and academies.
Hyperpolarized incoherent light in complex treatment of patients with patellofemorals pathology
Authors:   Limited liability company «Simple Health», Moscow, Russia, Korablev S. G. ,   FGBU DPO «Central State Medical Academy» of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Ivanova I. I. ,   FGBU DPO «Central State Medical Academy» of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Lazarenko N. N. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian Peoples’ Friendship University named after. Patrice Lumumba» Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Currently, technologies for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome (medicinal and surgical) are not always successful. Purpose of the study: An open randomized controlled trial is to study the effect of hyperpolarized non-coherent light (HPL) and shock wave therapy (SWT) on pain syndrome in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) in the subacute stage of the disease. Patients (n = 60), aged 39.2 ± 12.3 years old, were divided into two groups: 1st (control, n = 30) group, received standard therapy (medicines, exercise therapy, taping), 2nd (main, n = 30) group — received additional HPL and UVT according to the original method. Material and methods. HPNS was received from a Bioptron device with a fullerene filter, shock wave therapy from a Dornier Aries device, a course of 10–12 daily procedures with each exposure. The condition of the patients was assessed using the Kujala questionnaire before treatment, after the course, and after 6 and 9 months. The data was analyzed using statistical indicators, including Fisher’s f-test and Student’s t-test. Results. The conducted studies showed that before the start of treatment, according to the initial indicators of the Kujala questionnaire, patients in both groups were comparable and their distribution corresponded to normality. As a result of complex treatment, patients in the 2nd (main) group experienced clinical improvement for up to 9 months and the Kujala questionnaire scores were significantly higher than those in patients in the 1st (control) group at the same follow-up period. In patients in the 1st (control) group, treatment results were already unstable by 6 months. Conclusion. The chosen tactics for treating patients with PFMPS in the subacute stage using HPL and shock wave therapy was more effective than the standard technique.
THE INFLUENCE OF WASTE ACCUMULATION SITES FROM MINING AND PROCESSING PLANTS ON THE HYDROSPHERE OF ADJACENT TERRITORIES
Authors: Antonik V. , Antonik І.
Published: June 2024

The nature and directions of changes in the state of water bodies of the territory, for a long time (50 60 years) adjacent to the storage areas of mining waste (dumps) and enrichment (tailings) of iron ore raw materials, have been studied. It has been established that dumps and tailings are sources of the adjacent territories’ intense hydrosphere chemical pollution with highly mineralized filtrates. The most intense pollution and increase in groundwater levels at all horizons occurs in the first 10-15 years.In the future, in proportion to the service life of man-made structures, the area and level of chemical pollution of surface and underground water bodies increases, hydrogeological processes are increasing: flooding of lands, landslides, sinkholes.
Clinical Insights: Prevalence of β-Thalassemia Mutations (IVSI-5, FSC8/9, and CD41/42) in the Swat District
Authors: Saif Sumaia , Lila Shah , Ghani Gulalai , Rahat Murad Ali , Rasool Akhtar , Israr Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Background:
Thalassemia is a prevalent condition characterized by decreased production or absence of hemoglobin globin chains. There are 2 types of thalassemia, alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia (β-thalassemia), classified according to defects in the alpha or beta protein chain. β-Thalassemia results from a diverse range of mutations in the β subunit of the hemoglobin gene (HBB). This results in severe reductions in erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels. Worldwide, more than 40,000 babies are born with β-thalassemia annually. There are approximately 80 million β-thalassemia carriers. In Pakistan, the annual birth rate of β-thalassemia major carriers is approximately 6,000, and 50,000 to 100,000 patients suffer from this common inherited disorder. IVSI-1, IVSI-5 (G>C), Fr 8/9 (+G), Fr 41/42 (-TTCT), and del 619 are the 5 most common mutations that account for 90% of β-thalassemia cases in Pakistan. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of β-thalassemia mutations (IVSI-5, Fr 41/42, and Fr 8/9) in the Swat district and to analyze the blood morphology of different mutant thalassemia blood samples.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed at the Forensic Research Lab University of Swat from December 2021 to March 2022. The study included a total of 150 blood samples. Comparative analysis of blood morphology through microscopy was carried out on samples from patients with different β-thalassemia mutations and normal individuals. Genomic DNA extraction was performed according to the Sambrook protocol, and DNA was quantified via agarose gel electrophoresis. Thalassemia mutations were detected by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequencies of different β-thalassemia mutations were analyzed.
Results:
Thalassemia blood cells were more hypochromic and microcytic than normal blood cells, although no differences were detected in the morphology of IVSI-5, Fr 8/9, or CD41/42 mutant blood cells. The IVSI-5, Fr 8/9, and CD41/42 mutations were analyzed through agarose gel electrophoresis of the ARMS-PCR data. The IVSI-5 mutation was the most prevalent mutation, identified in 52.2% (78/150) of the patients. The prevalence of Fr 8/9 and CD41/42 mutations was 22.6% (34/150) and 18.6% (28/150), respectively. A total of 5.33% (8/150) of patients had double mutations, and only 1 patient (0.666%) had all 3 mutations.
Conclusion:
This study provides a reliable reference for the detection of different mutations in β-thalassemia and will help to formulate different strategies for improving the awareness of the general public. For a more thorough analysis of common β-thalassemia mutations, the investigation should be extended to more ethnic regions of Pakistan.
STATE SUPPORT FOR ALEXANDER OSTROVSKY’S SISTER AND SISTER-IN-LAW UNDER SOVIET RULE
Authors: Zhirkova Marina A. , Kapustina Olga V.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the documents of personal pension affairs in accordance with which, personal pension provision was provided, established for services to the Soviet Republic by the great Russian playwright Alexander Ostrovsky, for his sister Mariya Nikolayevna and the widow of the eldest son Anna Nikolayevna. On the basis of archival documents of Alexander Ostrovsky’s pension affairs, the authors revealed the circumstances of the life of his relatives in the 1920s: the plight and cramped living conditions of both women; we identified the circle of people living with them: the adopted daughter of Mariya N. Ostrovskaya and two children of Anna N. Ostrovskaya. The documents of the personal file made it possible to clarify the date of death of Mariya N. Ostrovskaya. But during the work, a number of issues arose that require further consideration: it is unclear from the materials of the pension case, for which children the personal pension was assigned to the widow of the playwright’s eldest son, Anna Nikolayevna. The reason for the suspension of pension payments by Anna N. Ostrovskaya herself remains unclear. The article also highlighted the role of the leadership of the People’s Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR as an advocate for the playwright’s sister and daughter-in-law before the pension authorities.
DREAM MOTIF IN VLADISLAV KHODASEVICH’S POETRY COLLECTION “EUROPEAN NIGHT”
Authors: Kuznetsova Alina N.
Published: June 2024

The article describes the semantic content and poetics of the dream motif present in Vladislav Khodasevich’s collection “European Night”, and we form our own concept of “inspiration”. It is shown that the dream leitmotif characterises the psychological state of the lyrical hero associated with the arrival or absence of creative inspiration. The semantics of the motif is implemented antinomically. On the one hand, the dream-inspiration saves the lyrical hero from the mundane routine. On the other hand, ordinary earthly life in some poems appears to the lyrical subject as a dream-obsession. The story of this dream-obsession gets a particularly tragic sound in the context of the collection. The expanded metaphor “European Night” in the author’s incarnation reinforces two intentions – obsession dream and salvation dream are opposed. In the lyrical space of Vladislav Khodasevich’s “European Night”, dream becomes a metaphor for a special borderline state, instilled and even “imposed” from the outside on the creator hero. According to the poet’s artistic philosophy, inspiration, being the result of the mobilisation of all word artist’s abilities, is an “otherworldly” being sent from above, leading to greater creative productivity. The “dream” motif in the contradictory context of the above-mentioned poems of “European Night” indicates the salvation function of inspiration, which allows the creator to get rid of the “earthly dream”, to spiritually “see through” and to lead people.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF “BEHAVIOR” AND RELATED CONCEPTS IN ITALIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Authors: Savvateeva Irina A.
Published: June 2024

The article offers a comparative analysis of a number of concepts, ‟atto”, ‟azione”, ‟attività”, ‟comportamento” in the Italian language, and their justification in the structure of the category of relations in the cultural linguistics environment of the Italian language in comparison with similar concepts in the cultural linguistics environment of the English language. The analysis was carried out using the dictionary definitions method, which made it possible to analyse the semantic structure of words, as well as the method of comparative analysis to determine the similarities and differences of the studied lexemes in Italian and English languages. The study assumed consideration of these concepts in a combination of cognitive and cultural linguistics approaches. This combination is due to topicality of comparative studies in the dynamic development of the study of problems of intercultural communication as a challenge of modernity. In the course of a comprehensive analysis, the similarities and differences of the compared concepts were revealed in two cultural linguistics environments of almost totally unrelated languages. The result of the study of the semantic structure of the lexemes ‟atto”, ‟azione”, ‟attività”, ‟comportamento” is supposed to create the basis for further studies of the semiotics and axiology of verbal expressions of the complex concept of ‟behaviour” in the system of interpersonal and social relations.
GENDER-MARKED VOCABULARY IN INTERNET DISCOURSE
Authors: Kopot Lilia V.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyse gender-marked vocabulary –unusual feminitives that function in Internet discourse. Internet discourse is gender-marked. Topicality lies in the increased interest of native speakers, network users, writers, journalists in these linguistic units. This is due, on the one hand, to the pragmatic potential of feminitives, on the other hand, to the development of extralinguistic factors associated with both certain democratisation of speech, desire for pun, and spread of feminist views in society. Materials for the study include the texts of forums, chat messages, and questionnaires on social networks “Twitterˮ and “VKˮ. The work used methods of comparison to identify the attitude of representatives of different genders to the same phenomenon, and the method of component analysis to identify gender-marked semes. The study tested the hypothesis that Internet discourse is gender-marked and, using feminitives, represents the gender identity of participants in communication. The publication reveals the reasons for the functioning of feminitives on social networks. Those include the desire to overcome the androcentric picture of the world; gender language asymmetry; trends related to democratisation of the language, allowing the need for pun; and extralinguistic factors associated with the development of technologies, with the emergence of new types of activities that require nomination. An analysis of feminitives in Internet discourse shows that this layer of gender-marked vocabulary is of an occasional nature and refers to thematic groups including professions, positions, titles, occupation, and zodiac signs of people. Some feminitives originated from appellatives with suppletive stems. The largest number of feminitives has the suffix -к-, which is possibly due to the asemanticity of this formant. Feminitives, having powerful pragmatic potential, actively function not only in Internet discourse, but also in media and artistic types. Using the same gender-marked vocabulary, the authors convey both reclamation and peyorative value in relation to the statement, demonstrating a kind of “extension of the boundariesˮ of connotation, and a large semantic capacity associated with the use of feminitives.
DYNAMICS OF NICKNAMES OF RUSSIAN SERVICEMEN
Authors: Rodina Nadezhda A.
Published: June 2024

Currently, the life of military societas is of an increased interest in society in various issues, in particular – the peculiarities of communication of the language personality of the said society’s representative. The article is devoted to the analysis of the variability of nicknames of modern Russian servicemen. The research material included the linguistic and lexis obtained by questioning and by direct interviewing of cadets of Russian military higher educational institutions in two stages with a time interval of 8 years, which allows drawing objective and reliable conclusions on the nature of the dynamics of the existence of nickname nominations in military societas. Semantic groups of nicknames, characteristics of the structure, features of functioning, psychological attitude of the carriers and the environment are given. Based on the comparative analysis, conclusions were drawn about the similar and distinctive features of existence and the variability of unofficial military anthroponyms. The results of the study make it possible to identify such features of a language personality as the specificity of human perception in military communication, priority characteristics of the personality as a whole, and features of associative thinking. The research materials can be used to conduct seminars and special courses in both civilian and military higher educational institutions. The experience presented is also important for further research in the field of onomastics, sociolinguistics and linguoculturology.
STUDY OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION OF CONFERENCE INTERPRETERS’ LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY
Authors: Ulanova Ekaterina E.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the relevance and significance of nonverbal communication in a comprehensive approach to the study of the linguistic personality of a conference interpreter. The author explains the use of the communicative-functional approach to the analysis of verbal and nonverbal behaviour of the interpreter’s linguistic personality. The hypothesis of the study brings out that the nonverbal behaviour of the interpreter’s linguistic personality is determined by the content of the translated utterance, the interpreter’s internal motivation and intention (the pragmatic level of the linguistic personality), and it is consistently proved that nonverbal means shall be considered as part of the structural model of the linguistic personality, influencing the verbal representation of the linguistic personality. The author analyses a nonverbal sign (at its beginning, middle and end of its expression) and a translation syntagm as minimal units of study. The units of the study were collected by solid sampling from 14 video recordings of interpretation series, total study includes 105 minutes with records of nonverbal signs used by linguistic personality the interpreters participated in the study. As a result, the author classified nonverbal signs into vegetatives and somatives, and she structurally described the content of the groups of kinesic somatives, oculesic somatives and prosodic somatives, presenting the semantic content of nonverbal signs; within kinesic somatives, the author described a subgroup of comfort-gestures. The paper concludes about the prospect of further study of nonverbal communication and its importance for the study of linguistic personality in general.
THE PHENOMENON OF VIOLENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORALITY AND LAW
Authors: Arkhipkin Igor V. , Kornakova Svetlana V.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the problems of the relationship between morality and law, the similarities and differences in their approaches to regulating social relations. It is noted that the most significant difference between law and morality lies in its reliance on coercion without which, its implementation is impossible. In this regard, the phenomenon of violence as an extreme manifestation of coercion is highlighted as the main aspect of the study. The main signs of violence are indicated – this is an action committed against the will of a person, evaluated purely negatively. The question is being considered whether the punishment imposed by the will of the state, being unconditional coercion, can be regarded as violence. It is noted that, unlike moral norms, sanctions are clearly expressed in legal norms, so it is known in advance what kind of response the state should expect in case of violation of those norms. It is this prior knowledge that allows us to believe that a person who deliberately violated a certain legal prohibition under threat of punishment, thereby expressed its willingness to endure the consequences of such a violation. It is concluded that the imposition of punishment cannot and should not be regarded as violence proper, since it conventionally presupposes consent to its use and, as a result, excludes its negative assessment. In conclusion, it is emphasised that, to a large extent, and since the law is based on coercion, occasionally associated with the use of violence, society places higher demands on the observance of moral norms precisely to those who apply it.
IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROSECUTOR’S SUPERVISION OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION BODIES IN RELATION TO CORRUPTION-RELATED OFFICIAL CRIMES
Authors: Krylova Dina V.
Published: June 2024

The study analyses the reasons for the insufficient effectiveness of prosecutorial supervision during the preliminary investigation - with an in-depth analysis of the supervision of the preliminary investigation of corruption-related official crimes. The author proposes a comprehensive approach to the implementation of measures to improve the effectiveness of prosecutorial supervision, a large-scale digital transformation of the activities of the prosecutor’s office and law enforcement agencies and strengthening work on the prevention of violations of preliminary investigation bodies. It seems advisable to extrapolate on the prosecutor’s supervision the latest experience of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, which has introduced a risk-based approach and assessment of corruption risks when conducting inspections of objects of control (audit). Within the framework of a risk-based approach, the author proposes to rank violations identified during prosecutorial supervision by four risk categories. The assessment of corruption risks of objects of prosecutor’s supervision involves the formation of indicators of corruption risks. Using these indicators, coupled with risk categories, it will be possible to strengthen control and automate the monitoring of law enforcement, primarily in relation to those investigators who have violations of the highest risk categories. The analysis and assessment of corruption risks during prosecutor’s supervision of corruption-related official crimes will serve as an effective tool for detecting violations by the preliminary investigation bodies.
THE MAIN STAGES OF THE FORMATION OF CRIMINAL STATISTICS AS AN AREA OF ACTIVITY OF THE PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE
Authors: Shirokova Polina V.
Published: June 2024

The author of the article focuses on the field of criminal law statistics as an area of prosecutorial activity that has been actively developing in recent years. At the present stage, criminal statistics, which has incorporated the achievements of many sciences, represents an extensive system of capabilities that are widely used to increase the efficiency of law enforcement activities of the prosecutor’s office. The article is devoted to the consideration of issues related to the stage-by-stage formation of criminal law statistics as an area of prosecutorial activity, which, in the opinion of the author of the article, is necessary for the analysis and assessment of the results of such activities.
PROBLEMS OF COMPENSATION FOR MORAL DAMAGE IN FAMILY LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Pavlova Olga G. , Moiseeva Olga V.
Published: June 2024

The Family Code of the Russian Federation fixes the personal rights of spouses, non-property rights of children, parents, and other family members, but provides for the possibility of compensation for moral damage only to a conscientious spouse when a marriage is declared invalid. The issue of using the institution of compensation for moral damage in family legal relations is controversial and is currently supported only by doctrine. An analysis of judicial practice shows that courts do not agree with the possibility of compensation for moral damage in cases of violation of family rights. The question of the need to take into account marital relations in order to compensate for moral damage when one spouse causes harm to the health of the other is also topical. In this regard, the authors analysed scientific points of view on the research topic, studied materials from judicial practice as a result of which, it was found that the institution of compensation for moral damage can be used to more effectively protect the non-material rights of spouses, parents, and children. For instance, the right to communicate with a child of a parent living separately is occasionally violated. Marital legal relations and relations between parents and children, in which compensation for moral damage can be a productive way of protecting violated rights, are analysed. Based on the results of the analysis of current legislation, doctrinal sources and materials of judicial practice, it was concluded that compensation for moral damage as a measure of liability is fully applicable in the protection of family rights, but is not provided for by current legislation.
THE ALL-UNION TEXTILE SYNDICATE: A PROJECT TO OPTIMISE COTTON PRODUCTION BY REFORMING THE TRUST MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE (1928-1929)
Authors: Ilyin Yuri A. , Komolov Denis E.
Published: June 2024

This article is devoted to the process of reforming the textile industry of the RSFSR within the framework of one of the projects of the all-union textile syndicate. The emphasis is placed on the study of the issues of zoning of the cotton industry of the republic and the syndicate’s search for the most stable form of organisation of textile trusts against the background of the elimination of the so-called “New Economic Policy” in industry. The main structural associations and management bodies of the textile industry of the RSFSR and the USSR in those years are considered: from the union and republican textile trusts to the Supreme Economic Council of the USSR, and their role in the process of the first stage of industry reform is traced. To reveal the topic of the article, both materials of scientific publications and archival documents were used, a significant part of which is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.