bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-communicable disease risk factors and management among internal migrant in China: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qian Cynthia Xinyi , Zhao Yang , Anindya Kanya , Tenneti Naveen , Desloge Allissa , Atun Rifat , Qin Vicky Mengqi , Mulcahy Patrick , Lee John Tayu
Published: September 2021

Background

In 2019, there are more than 290 million people who have ever migrated from rural to urban areas in China. These rural-to-urban internal migrants account for more than one-fifth of China’s population and is the largest internal migrant group globally. We present the first systematic review that examines whether internal migrants are more likely to exhibit non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factors and have worse NCD management outcomes than non-migrant counterparts in China.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted via medical, public health, and economic databases including Scopus, MEDLINE, JSTOR, WHO Library Database and World Bank e-Library from 2000 to 2020. Study quality was assessed using the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment tool. We conducted a narrative review and synthesised differences for all studies included, stratified by different types of outcomes. We also conducted random-effects meta-analysis where we had a minimum of two studies with 95% CIs reported. The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019139407.

Results

For most NCD risk factors and care cascade management, comparisons between internal migrants and other populations were either statistically insignificant or inconclusive. While most studies found migrants have a higher prevalence of tobacco use than urban residents, these differences were not statistically significant in the meta-analysis. Although three out four studies suggested that migrants may have worse access to NCD treatment and both studies suggested migrants have lower blood pressure control rates than non-migrants, these findings were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Findings from this systematic review demonstrate that there is currently insufficient evidence on migrant and non-migrant differences in NCD risk factors and management in China. Further research is expected to investigate access to healthcare among internal and its effect on both their NCD outcomes and long-term healthcare costs in China.
‘Long journey to shelter’: a study protocol: a prospective longitudinal analysis of mental health and its determinants, exposure to violence and subjective experiences of the migration process among adolescent and young adult migrants in Sweden
Authors: Mattelin Erica , Khanolkar Amal R , Fröberg Frida , Jonsson Linda , Korhonen Laura
Published: September 2021

Introduction

According to the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), around 40% of the 79.5 million forcibly displaced persons in the end of the year 2019 were children. Exposure to violence and mental health problems such as posttraumatic stress disorder are frequently reported among migrant children, but there is a knowledge gap in our understanding of the complex longitudinal interplay between individual, social and societal risk and resilience factors that impact mental health and well-being, quality of life and ability to function and adapt. There is also an urgent societal need to facilitate interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborative efforts to develop effective methods to prevent, detect and respond to the needs of the migrants. This project will study adolescent and young adult migrants in Sweden using multiple methods such as quantitative analysis of data from a prospective cohort study and qualitative analysis of data gathered from teller-focused interviews. The aim is to understand how different factors impact mental health and integration into the Swedish society. Furthermore, individual experiences related to the migration process and exposure to violence will be studied in detail.

Methods and analysis

Study participants will include 490 migrants aged 12–25 years recruited through social services, healthcare, social media and the civil society. A subsample of adolescents (n=160) will be re-interviewed after 1 year. Data are collected using structured and semi-structured interviews along with saliva and hair sampling. Measures include sociodemographic data, longitudinal data on mental health and its determinants, including genotypes and stress-hormone levels, access to healthcare and the process of migration, including settlement in Sweden.

Ethics and dissemination

The Regional Ethics Board of Linköping (2018/292-31 and 2018/504-32) and the National Ethics Board (2019–05473,2020–00949 and 2021-03001) have approved the study. Results will be made available to participants, their caregivers, professionals working with migrants, researchers and the funders.
Seeking diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for childhood bacterial pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa: study protocol for an observational study
Authors: Valim Clarissa , Olatunji Yekin Ajauoi , Isa Yasir Shitu , Salaudeen Rasheed , Golam Sarwar , Knol Edward F , Kanyi Sheriffo , Jammeh Abdoulie , Bassat Quique , de Jager Wilco , Diaz Alejandro A , Wiegand Roger C , Ramirez Julio , Moses Marsha A , D’Alessandro Umberto , Hibberd Patricia L , Mackenzie Grant A
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Clinically diagnosed pneumonia in children is a leading cause of paediatric hospitalisation and mortality. The aetiology is usually bacterial or viral, but malaria can cause a syndrome indistinguishable from clinical pneumonia. There is no method with high sensitivity to detect a bacterial infection in these patients and, as result, antibiotics are frequently overprescribed. Conversely, unrecognised concomitant bacterial infection in patients with malarial infections occur with omission of antibiotic therapy from patients with bacterial infections. Previously, we identified two combinations of blood proteins with 96% sensitivity and 86% specificity for detecting bacterial disease. The current project aimed to validate and improve these combinations by evaluating additional biomarkers in paediatric patients with clinical pneumonia. Our goal was to describe combinations of a limited number of proteins with high sensitivity and specificity for bacterial infection to be incorporated in future point-of-care tests. Furthermore, we seek to explore signatures to prognosticate clinical pneumonia.

Methods and analysis

Patients (n=900) aged 2–59 months presenting with clinical pneumonia at two Gambian hospitals will be enrolled and classified according to criteria for definitive bacterial aetiology (based on microbiological tests and chest radiographs). We will measure proteins at admission using Luminex-based immunoassays in 90 children with definitive and 160 with probable bacterial aetiology, and 160 children classified according to the prognosis of their disease. Previously identified diagnostic signatures will be assessed through accuracy measures. Moreover, we will seek new diagnostic and prognostic signatures through machine learning methods, including support vector machine, penalised regression and classification trees.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval has been obtained from the Gambia Government/Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia Joint Ethics Committee (protocol 1616) and the institutional review board of Boston University Medical Centre (STUDY00000958). Study results will be disseminated to the staff of the study hospitals, in scientific seminars and meetings, and in publications.

Trial registration number

H-38462.
Continuation versus discontinuation of aspirin-based antiplatelet therapy for perioperative bleeding and ischaemic events in adults undergoing neurosurgery: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Wang Xinxin , Yu Yun , Han Ruquan
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Antiplatelet therapy is commonly used in primary or secondary prevention of atherosclerotic and thrombotic diseases, such as coronary artery disease, transient ischaemic attack or stroke. Recent studies noted that antiplatelet therapy should be continued perioperatively in patients at high risk of thrombosis and low bleeding risk in orthopaedic, spinal or urological surgery. However, evidence in neurosurgery is lacking. Thus, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether the continuous use of antiplatelet drugs in neurosurgery increases the risk of perioperative bleeding.

Methods and analysis

We will search PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Embase using a strategy that combines the terms aspirin, bleeding/ischaemic and neurosurgery. Two reviewers will independently screen all identified abstracts for eligibility and evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised controlled studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies (including cohort studies, case–control studies, case series). Discrepancies will be resolved by consultation with a third researcher. We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. If evidence suggests moderate statistical or clinical heterogeneity, we plan to investigate this heterogeneity by performing subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethics approval will be sought as no original data will be collected for this review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020202590.
Inflammation and nutrition-based biomarkers in the prognosis of oesophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Yan , Xu Dian , Song Huan , Qiu Beibei , Tian Dan , Li Zhongqi , Ji Ye , Wang Jianming
Published: September 2021

Background

Accumulating literature has shown the predictive values of inflammation and nutrition-based biomarkers in the prognosis of oesophageal cancer but with inconsistent findings.

Method

We performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), C reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), systemic inflammation index (SII), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in oesophageal cancer. The outcome indicators include the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). We applied pooled HR, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve together with 95% CI to estimate the predictive accuracy.

Results

A total of 72 studies, including 22 260 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Elevated NLR, PLR CAR, SII, GPS, mGPS and decreased LMR and PNI were associated with poor OS of oesophageal cancer. A high level of NLR, PLR and GPS was related to poor DFS. A high level of NLR and GPS was related to poor CSS. The summarised AUC of CAR (0.72, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.75) and mGPS (0.75, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.78) surpassed any other indicators.

Conclusions

Clinical indicators such as NLR, PLR, LMR, PNI, SII, CAR, GPS and mGPS have the moderate predictive ability in OS, DFS and CSS of oesophageal cancer. The pretreatment level of CAR and mGPS showed an outstanding prediction value in 5-year OS for oesophageal cancer.
What was the impact of the first wave of COVID-19 on the delivery of care to children and adults with congenital heart disease? A qualitative study using online forums
Authors: Wray Jo , Pagel Christina , Chester Adrian H , Kennedy Fiona , Crowe Sonya
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Globally, healthcare systems have been stretched to the limit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant changes have had to be made to the way in which non-COVID-19-related care has been delivered. Our objective was to understand, from the perspective of patients with a chronic, life-long condition (congenital heart disease, CHD) and their parents/carers, the impact of COVID-19 on the delivery of care, how changes were communicated and whether healthcare providers should do anything differently in a subsequent wave of COVID-19 infections.

Design and setting

Qualitative study involving a series of asynchronous discussion forums set up and moderated by three patient charities via their Facebook pages.

Participants

Patients with CHD and parents/carers of patients with CHD.

Main outcome measures

Qualitative responses to questions posted on the discussion forums.

Results

The forums ran over a 6-week period and involved 109 participants. Following thematic analysis, we identified three themes and 10 subthemes related to individual condition-related factors, patient-related factors and health professional/centre factors that may have influenced how patients and parents/carers experienced changes to service delivery as a result of COVID-19. Specifically, respondents reported high levels of disruption to the delivery of care, inconsistent advice and messaging and variable communication from health professionals, with examples of both excellent and very poor experiences of care reported. Uncertainty about follow-up and factors related to the complexity and stability of their condition contributed to anxiety and stress.

Conclusions

The importance of clear, consistent communication cannot be over-estimated. Our findings, while collected in relation to patients with CHD, are not necessarily specific to this population and we believe that they reflect the experiences of many thousands of people with life-long conditions in the UK. Recommendations related to communication, service delivery and support during the pandemic may improve patients’ experience of care and, potentially, their outcomes.
Association of anthropometric indices of obesity with hypertension among public employees in northern Ethiopia: findings from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Saif-Ur-Rahman KM , Chiang Chifa , Weldegerima Gebremariam Lemlem , Haregot Hilawe Esayas , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Aoyama Atsuko , Yatsuya Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The burden of hypertension is increasing in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Obesity is widely known to be associated with hypertension, but different anthropometric indices of obesity might differ in association with hypertension, which is largely unknown in northern Ethiopia.

Design

Data from our previous cross-sectional epidemiological survey were statistically analysed.

Setting

Public employees in the regional capital city in northern Ethiopia.

Participants

The data of 1380 participants (823 men and 557 non-pregnant women) aged 25 and 64 years were analysed.

Outcome measures

The presence of hypertension was the outcome measure and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist–hip ratio in men and women separately. The area under the curve (AUC) for three anthropometric indices for discriminating hypertension was also obtained. Separate analyses were conducted for waist circumference and waist–hip ratio analyses further adjusted for BMI.

Results

BMI was linearly associated with hypertension in men (OR for 1 SD increase in BMI 1.45, p=0.001) and women (OR for 1 SD increase in BMI 1.41, p=0.01). The association of waist circumference was independent of BMI both in men (OR for 1 SD increase in waist circumference: 1.74, p=0.002) and women (OR for 1 SD increase in waist circumference: 1.57, p=0.029). The association of waist–hip ratio with hypertension adjusted for BMI was significant in men (OR for 1 SD increase in the waist–hip ratio: 1.46, p<0.001), but was weak and non-significant in women. The AUC for BMI was 0.64 in men and 0.67 in women, while AUC for waist circumference was 0.69 both in men and women.

Conclusions

Waist circumference was associated with hypertension independent of BMI among public employees in northern Ethiopia.
Phase II study of pembrolizumab in refractory esophageal cancer with correlates of response and survival
Authors: de Klerk Leonie K , Patel Anuj K , Derks Sarah , Pectasides Eirini , Augustin Jeremy , Uduman Mohamed , Raman Nihal , Akarca Fahire G , McCleary Nadine J , Cleary James M , Rubinson Douglas A , Clark Jeffrey W , Fitzpatrick Bridget , Brais Lauren K , Cavanaugh Megan E , Rode Amanda J , Jean Melissa G , Lizotte Patrick H , Nazzaro Matthew J , Severgnini Mariano , Zheng Hui , Fuchs Charles S , Enzinger Peter C , Bass Adam J
Published: September 2021

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment, but the benefits in refractory patients with esophageal cancer have been modest. Predictors of response as well as new targets for novel therapeutic combinations are needed. In this phase 2 clinical trial, we tested single-agent pembrolizumab in patients with advanced esophageal cancer, who received at least one prior line of therapy.

Methods

Pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks was tested in 49 patients with refractory esophageal cancer: 39 with adenocarcinoma and 10 with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Major endpoints were radiological response by Immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors and survival. Tumor samples were evaluated for programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and immune contexture by both NanoString mRNA expression analysis and flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a panel of circulating chemokines were also analyzed.

Results

The overall response rate (ORR) was 8% (4 of 49 patients; 95% CI 2.3% to 19.6%). Median overall survival (OS) was 5.8 months (95% CI 4.0 to 9.5). ORR and OS were not associated with histology. For PD-L1-positive patients, ORR was 13.3% (95% CI 1.7% to 40.5%) and median OS was 7.9 months (95% CI 4.7 to 15.5). A trend toward improved OS was observed in seven patients with a TMB ≥10 mut/Mb (p=0.086). Tumors with a PD-L1 Combined Positive Score ≥1 showed enrichment of LAG3 (p=0.005) and IDO1 (p=0.04) gene expression. Baseline levels of circulating CXCL10, interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor α (IL2RA) and IL6 were associated with survival: CXCL10 favorably, (HR 0.37, p=0.002 (progression-free survival); HR 0.55, p=0.018 (OS)); IL2RA and IL6 unfavorably (HR 1.57, p=0.020 for IL6 (OS); HR 2.36, p=0.025 for IL2RA (OS)).

Conclusions

Pembrolizumab monotherapy was modestly effective in refractory esophageal cancer. Circulating CXCL10 at baseline appeared to be a robust predictor of response. Other T cell exhaustion markers are upregulated in PD-L1-positive patients, suggesting that immunotherapy combinations such as anti-LAG3/programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or anti-IDO1/PD-1 may be of promise in refractory esophageal cancer.
Loss of host tissue transglutaminase boosts antitumor T cell immunity by altering STAT1/STAT3 phosphorylation in ovarian cancer
Authors: Sima Livia Elena , Chen Siqi , Cardenas Horacio , Zhao Guangyuan , Wang Yinu , Ivan Cristina , Huang Hao , Zhang Bin , Matei Daniela
Published: September 2021

Background

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2), an enzyme overexpressed in cancer cells, promotes metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Its distinct effects in cancer versus the host compartments have not been elucidated.

Methods

Here, by using a TG2-/-syngeneic ovarian cancer mouse model, we assessed the effects of TG2 deficiency in the host tissues on antitumor immunity and tumor progression. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to phenotype immune cell populations in the peritoneal environment. Cancer cells recovered from malignant ascites were characterized by RNA sequencing, proliferation, and apoptosis assays.

Results

We observed that host TG2 loss delayed tumor growth and ascites accumulation and caused increased infiltration of CD8+T cells and decreased numbers of myeloid cells in the peritoneal fluid. Tumor antigen-specific CD8+T cell cytotoxic responses were enhanced in ascites from TG2-/-versus TG2+/+mice and CD8+T cell depletion caused accelerated ascites accumulation in TG2-/-mice. CD8+T cells from tumor-bearing TG2-/-mice displayed an effector T cell phenotype, differentiated toward effector memory (Tem). Mechanistically, absence of TG2 augmented signals promoting T cell activation, such as increased cytokine-induced STAT1 and attenuated STAT3 phosphorylation in T cells. Additionally, immune-suppressive myeloid cell populations were reduced in the peritoneal milieu of TG2-/-tumor-bearing mice. In response to the more robust immune response caused by loss of TG2, cancer cells growing intraperitoneally exhibited an interferon-γ

(IFN-γ) responsive gene signature and underwent apoptosis. In human specimens, stromal, not tumor, TG2 expression correlated indirectly with numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Conclusions

Collectively, our data demonstrate decreased tumor burden, increased activation and effector function of T cells, and loss of immunosuppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment of TG2-/-mice. We propose that TG2 acts as an attenuator of antitumor T cell immunity and is a new immunomodulatory target.
Population genetics reveal patterns of natural colonisation of an ecologically and commercially important invasive fish
Authors: O’Toole Ciar , Phillips Karl P. , Bradley Caroline , Coughlan Jamie , Dillane Eileen , Fleming Ian A. , Reed Thomas E. , Westley Peter A.H. , Cross Tom F. , McGinnity Philip , Prodöhl Paulo A.
Published: September 2021

Although historical records of introductions that trigger successful biological invasions are common, subsequent patterns of dispersal and colonisation routes are unclear. We use microsatellites to examine genetic population structuring of established invasive brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in Newfoundland, Canada, for evidence of “natural” dispersal, human-mediated introductions, and colonisation routes. We also explored ancestry of contemporary populations relative to presumed progenitors. Results analysed using STRUCTURE, DAPC, a NJ tree and FSTcomparisons support records of historical introductions; current Newfoundland populations are largely descended from Scottish stock, with St. John’s the primary introduction site. Subsequent dispersal of these trout was facilitated principally by anadromy, largely consistent with a classic stepping-stone model, with significant isolation-by-distance. With one exception, dispersal along the north and south coasts of the Avalon peninsula appears to be natural and independent, involving stochastic processes resulting in unique outcomes for population composition. This study is a good example of dispersal patterns during a contemporary invasion underscoring the potential for non-anadromous founders to re-express anadromy, facilitating colonization of distant sites.
The effectiveness of decommissioning roadside mineral licks on reducing moose (Alces alces) activity near highways: implications for moose–vehicle collisions
Authors: Rea Roy V. , Scheideman Matthew C. , Hesse Gayle , Mumma Matthew A.
Published: September 2021

Roadside mineral licks form when road salt used to de-ice highways in winter runs off road surfaces and accumulates in roadside ditches. Some ungulates are attracted to these roadside licks as they seek to satisfy their mineral requirements. Within the distribution of moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)) in North America, motorists often encounter moose visiting roadside licks in mid-summer, with many jurisdictions reporting summer peaks in moose–vehicle collisions (MVCs) at these locations. We used camera traps to monitor the moose visitation of 22 roadside locations (including roadside licks, roadside ponds, and dry roadsides) in central British Columbia, Canada, from December 2009 to July 2020. We tested the efficacy of treatment (decommissioning) methods used to reduce moose visitation to roadside licks and roughly estimated decommissioning costs. Moose visitation to roadside licks was greatest from May to July. As we hypothesized, untreated licks were visited more often by moose than decommissioned licks, roadside ponds (absence of road salt), and dry roadsides. Decommissioning roadside licks by replacing or mixing lick waters and soils with materials, such as riprap, cedar mulch, pine logs, or dog (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) fur and human (Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758) hair, is an effective and inexpensive means of reducing moose visitations to roadside areas and should increase motorist safety where roadside licks are visited by moose.
A Sub-1 V Bulk-Driven Rail to Rail Dynamic Voltage Comparator with Enhanced Transconductance
Authors: Joseph George M. , Hameed T. A. Shahul
Published: September 2021

Reduced voltage head room availability for input signal swing is one of the major bottlenecks in the design of circuits operating with low supply voltages which attracts investigations leading to improvement in the input signal dynamic range of such circuits. Employing bulk-driven MOSFETs (BDMOS) at the input section of the circuit is a popular technique used for increasing the input dynamic range, but the smaller bulk transconductance of the bulk-driven MOSFET degrades the performance of the circuit in comparison with that of a conventional gate-driven counterpart. A double tail voltage comparator employing BDMOS technique offering rail-to-rail input dynamic range and capable of operating at sub-1[Formula: see text]V power supply is presented in this paper. A transconductance improvement scheme is employed for the first time in the literature for a voltage comparator to overcome the major drawbacks associated with the reduced bulk transconductance of BDMOS input transistors and double tail topology permits low voltage operation. The performance parameters of the proposed voltage comparator are comparable to that of conventional gate-driven comparators, with an additional advantage of rail-to-rail input dynamic range. Pre-layout and post-layout simulations were performed in Cadence Virtuoso suite with gpdk 90[Formula: see text]nm library at power supply as low as 0.6[Formula: see text]V. The worst case delay of the proposed circuit is 0.71[Formula: see text]ns and the worst case power consumption of the circuit is 15[Formula: see text]uW. The circuit consumes a silicon area of 33[Formula: see text]μm[Formula: see text]46[Formula: see text]μm. An analytical model of the transconductance enhancement technique and delay of the proposed comparator are also presented.
The charged CPR black hole
Authors: Rahim Rehana , Saifullah Khalid
Published: September 2021

The non-Kerr black hole is an important metric to study the possible deviations from the Kerr black hole of general relativity. It has been constructed by applying the Newman–Janis algorithm on a deformed Schwarzschild black hole. This approach has been generalized to include two different deformation functions to obtain CPR black holes [V. Cardoso, P. Pani and J. Rico, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 064007]. In this paper, we develop the charged analogue of this spacetime. The new metric is studied for the particle dynamics also.
EXPLORING THE ASSET–LIABILITY RATIO FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES UNDER DYNAMIC NONLINEAR SYSTEM
Authors: ZHUO WUYANG , XIONG YUNING , ZHOU XIAORONG
Published: September 2021

The purposes of this paper are to analyze the financial management and influencing factors of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and explore the nonlinear relationship in enterprises’ financial market structure. The small and medium-sized enterprises in Eastern and Western China are taken as the research objects. First, the relationships between asset–liability constraints and financial management are discussed, analyzed, and explained. The development of enterprises’ financial management under the asset–liability constraints system is emphasized. Second, a self-adaptive nonlinear dynamic system is proposed based on dynamic surface control and the multi-directional and uncertain control of the financial market structure. Finally, a dynamic nonlinear panel estimation model for enterprises is constructed based on the nonlinear system. The simulation and empirical analysis results confirm that the proposed nonlinear system is useful in dynamic, uncertain control problems. The statistical results of the three primary indicators, economic variables, financial indicators, and control variables, reveal the significant regional differences of different financial market structure indicators. Model estimates based on the three key sub-indicators, the leverage ratio, return on assets, and debt interest rate, reveal the differences in financing and leverage ratio of small and medium-sized enterprises located in the eastern and western regions. SMEs in Eastern China are taken as examples; the direct financing rate and insurance proportion are negatively correlated with the leverage ratio and debt interest rate. In contrast, they are positively correlated with asset returns. In conclusion, there are noticeable differences in the financial market structure between different regions.
FINANCIAL TIME SERIES USING NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY DENSITY
Authors: WAN PENGBO , ALHEBAISHI NAWAF , LIU QI
Published: September 2021

To further explore the research of financial time series prediction and broaden the application scope of Gaussian distribution probability density equation, based on the nonlinear differential equation of Gaussian distribution probability density, the semi-supervised Gaussian process model is taken as the research object to discuss the application of semi-supervised Gaussian process model in the stock market. Shanghai 180 Index, Shanghai (Securities) Composite Index and the yield of three stocks are studied in detail. The specific results are as follows. The prediction accuracy of Shanghai 180 Index is 83%, and the prediction accuracy of Shanghai (Securities) Composite Index is 78%. The stock yield series curves of the three stocks have the characteristics of peak and thick tail, which do not obey the normal distribution. Among the three models of semi-supervised Gaussian process model, initial Gaussian process model and SVM algorithm model, the prediction accuracy of semi-supervised Gaussian process model is the best, and the prediction accuracy of the yield of three stocks is 82.45%, 85.03% and 84.53%, respectively. The research results can fully prove that the semi-supervised Gaussian process model has good application effect in stock time series prediction. The research content can provide scientific and sufficient reference for the follow-up research of financial time series, and also has important significance for the research of Gaussian process model.
EVALUATING THE ORDERLINESS OF NONLINEAR DYNAMIC TOURISM SYSTEM WITH ENTROPY AND INFORMATION ENTROPY
Authors: JIANG QI-JIE , XU XIN-YING , ALJUHANI HOSAM LAFI , KE GE
Published: September 2021

Tourism destination system can be considered as a complex nonlinear dynamic system. It’s difficult to accurately evaluate the operational orderliness with existing evaluation methods due to the complexity and dynamics of system. This paper attempts to introduce the concept of entropy in thermodynamics into organizational management, hoping to establish a nonlinear dynamic method for assessing destination system orderliness from management lens. Combining information entropy formula and the characteristics of tourism destination, this paper analyzed the entropy flow and negative entropy flow in the destination business ecosystem. Then an entropy evaluation index was constructed and the weight of each specific primary indicator and secondary indicator were calculated with the combination of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, taking JIUZHAI Valley as an example, this paper tested and modified the nonlinear dynamic evaluation approach. The nonlinear dynamic evaluation approach not only emphasize the overall operation state and process of destination system, but also take into account the nonlinear relationships amongst the internal elements of destination, contributing to overcoming the defects and deficiencies of traditional evaluation methods.
SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ON DYNAMICAL ℏ-DISCRETE FRACTIONAL TYPE INEQUALITIES IN THE FRAME OF NONSINGULAR AND NONLOCAL KERNELS
Authors: RASHID SAIMA , ABOUELMAGD ELBAZ I. , KHALID AASMA , FAROOQ FOZIA BASHIR , CHU YU-MING
Published: September 2021

Discrete fractional calculus ([Formula: see text]) is significant for neural networks, complex dynamic systems and frequency response analysis approaches. In contrast with the continuous-time frameworks, fewer outcomes are accessible for discrete fractional operators. This study investigates some major consequences of two sorts of inequalities by considering discrete Atangana–Baleanu [Formula: see text]-fractional operator having [Formula: see text]-discrete generalized Mittag-Leffler kernels in the sense of Riemann type ([Formula: see text]). Certain novel versions of reverse Minkowski and related Hölder-type inequalities via discrete [Formula: see text]-fractional operators having [Formula: see text]-discrete generalized Mittag-Leffler kernels are given. Moreover, several other generalizations can be generated for nabla [Formula: see text]-fractional sums. The proposing discretization is a novel form of the existing operators that can be provoked by some intriguing features of chaotic systems to design efficient dynamics description in short time domains. Furthermore, by combining two mechanisms, numerous new special cases are introduced.
Large deviation principles for a 2D stochastic Allen–Cahn–Navier–Stokes driven by jump noise
Authors: Tachim Medjo Theodore
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we derive a large deviation principle for a stochastic 2D Allen–Cahn–Navier–Stokes system with a multiplicative noise of Lévy type. The model consists of the Navier–Stokes equations for the velocity, coupled with a Allen–Cahn system for the order (phase) parameter. The proof is based on the weak convergence method introduced in [A. Budhiraja, P. Dupuis and V. Maroulas, Variational representations for continuous time processes, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincar Probab. Stat. 47(3) (2011) 725747].
Hopf algebras on planar trees and permutations
Authors: Arcis Diego , Márquez Sebastián
Published: September 2021

We endow the space of rooted planar trees with the structure of a Hopf algebra. We prove that variations of such a structure lead to Hopf algebras on the spaces of labeled trees, [Formula: see text]-trees, increasing planar trees and sorted trees. These structures are used to construct Hopf algebras on different types of permutations. In particular, we obtain new characterizations of the Hopf algebras of Malvenuto–Reutenauer and Loday–Ronco via planar rooted trees.
Leveraging a Process-Oriented Perspective on Frugal Innovation Through the Linkage of Lean Product Development (LPD) Practices and Waste
Authors: Reis Luciana Paula , Fernandes June Marques , Armellini Fabiano
Published: September 2021

Frugal innovation aims to attain significantly cheaper solutions on the market. The literature points out a lack of studies addressing frugal innovation from a process-oriented (ex-ante) perspective, as well as how to structure and leverage the frugal product development process. This paper explores how lean principles and fundamentals, and more particularly lean product development (LPD) can help fill this gap. The incidence of different types of waste has been observed throughout the new product development (NPD) process, and their mitigation could certainly leverage frugal innovation from the process perspective. However, to operationalize waste mitigation, an evaluation of how different types of waste are related to the various existing LPD practices is necessary. We accordingly build a relationship matrix between LPD practices and waste mitigation throughout the NPD process, based on a literature review encompassing 310 studies. By correlating LPD practices and waste, this paper proposes and discusses a conceptual model that brings insights to understanding how LPD can drive frugal innovations from an ex-ante perspective. The contributions of this paper are the categorization and classification of waste within NPD; the assessment and classification of the lean practices most studied in the literature; the association of the categories of waste with the corresponding lean practices; and the discussion of the possible contribution of LPD literature to leverage frugal innovation from a process-oriented perspective.
Management of Innovation and Intellectual Property in Outsourcing Projects
Authors: Gupta Rajorshi Sen
Published: September 2021

Innovation outsourcing creates two critical risks for a client firm. The first risk arises when a client discloses his/her technological knowhow and intellectual property (IP) with the service provider but the latter misappropriates the IP toward its own commercial benefit. Second, in the absence of perfect monitoring, the service provider might exert suboptimal effort on the innovation project. Management of client’s technology and innovation effort of agent are both crucially important in innovation outsourcing. It is shown that client can deter these risks by designing an appropriate contract. Two distinct regimes are considered. In Regime1, the client operates in an environment where IP cannot be protected. In Regime2, client’s IP is fully protected either due to strong legal enforcement or due to availability of a technological solution. First, it is found that an incentive payment scheme linked with project outcome can mitigate the shirking problem. Second, in Regime1, the client must provide higher compensation to the agent when compared to Regime2. A carrot and stick strategy involving higher incentive payments along with reduced sharing of background IP can deter the opportunistic behavior of the service provider. Third, if the cost of operating in Regime2 is prohibitively high, then the client can operate in Regime1 and yet obtain higher profits. In such a scenario, the client must use the carrot and stick strategy. Finally, due to predominant motive to reduce costs, clients might not be compensating their service providers appropriately. Such myopic cost-cutting strategy would exacerbate the IP misappropriation and suboptimal quality problems associated with outsourcing.
Heavy quarkonium systems for the deformed unequal scalar and vector Coulomb–Hulthén potential within the deformed effective mass Klein–Gordon equation using the improved approximation of the centrifugal term and Bopp’s shift method in RNCQM symmetries
Authors: Maireche Abdelmadjid
Published: September 2021

In this study, the analytical solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation for any [Formula: see text] states of the modified effective mass potential under the modified unequal scalar and vector Coulomb–Hulthén potential (MUSVCH-P) are derived by using an approximation method to the centrifugal potential term in the symmetries of relativistic noncommutative three-dimensional real space (RNC: 3D-RS). The new analytical expressions for eigenvalues of the energy spectrum and the new mass of mesons, such as charmonium and bottomonium that have the quark and antiquark flavor, have been estimated by using Bopp’s shift method, and perturbation theory. The energy state equation depends on the global parameters characterizing the noncommutativity space and the potential parameter [Formula: see text] in addition to the Gamma function and the discreet atomic quantum numbers [Formula: see text]. The expression for the new energy spectra is applied to obtain the new mass spectra of heavy quarkonium systems (charmonium and bottomonium) in the symmetries of (RNC: 3D-RS). The comparisons show that our theoretical results are in very good agreement with the reported works.
A combination of Lie group-based high order geometric integrator and delta-shaped basis functions for solving Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation
Authors: Polat Murat , Oruç Ömer
Published: September 2021

In this work, we develop a novel method to obtain numerical solution of well-known Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. In the novel method, we generate differentiation matrices for spatial derivatives of the KdV equation by using delta-shaped basis functions (DBFs). For temporal integration we use a high order geometric numerical integrator based on Lie group methods. This paper is a first attempt to combine DBFs and high order geometric numerical integrator for solving such a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) which preserves conservation laws. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method we consider five test problems. We reckon [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and root mean square (RMS) errors and compare them with other results available in the literature. Besides the errors, we also monitor conservation laws of the KDV equation and we show that the method in this paper produces accurate results and preserves the conservation laws quite good. Numerical outcomes show that the present novel method is efficient and reliable for PDEs.
Geometric theory of non-regular separation of variables and the bi-Helmholtz equation
Authors: Chanu Claudia M. , Jayyusi Basel , McLenaghan Raymond G.
Published: September 2021

The geometric theory of additive separation of variables is applied to the search for multiplicative separated solutions of the bi-Helmholtz equation. It is shown that the equation does not admit regular separation in any coordinate system in any pseudo-Riemannian space. The equation is studied in the four coordinate systems in the Euclidean plane where the Helmholtz equation and hence the bi-Helmholtz equation is separable. It is shown that the bi-Helmoltz equation admits non-trivial non-regular separation in both Cartesian and polar coordinates, while it possesses only trivial separability in parabolic and elliptic–hyperbolic coordinates. The results are applied to the study of small vibrations of a thin solid circular plate of uniform density which is governed by the bi-Helmholtz equation.
Immediate effects of manual hyperinflation on cardiorespiratory function and sputum clearance in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Luadsri Tawatchai , Boonpitak Jaturon , Pongdech-Udom Kultida , Sukpom Patnuch , Chidnok Weerapong
Published: September 2021

Background: In developing countries, lower respiratory tract infection is a major cause of death in children, with severely ill patients being admitted to the critical-care unit. While physical therapists commonly use the manual hyperinflation (MHI) technique for secretion mass clearance in critical-care patients, its efficacy has not been determined in pediatric patients.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of MHI on secretion mass clearance and cardiorespiratory responses in pediatric patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.

Methods: A total of 12 intubated and mechanically ventilated pediatric patients were included in this study. At the same time of the day, the patients received two randomly ordered physical therapy treatments (MHI with suction and suction alone) from a trained physical therapist, with a washout period of 4[Formula: see text]h provided between interventions.

Results: The MHI treatment increased the tidal volume [[Formula: see text]; 1.2[Formula: see text]mL/kg (95% CI, 0.8–1.5)] and static lung compliance [[Formula: see text]; 3.7[Formula: see text]mL/cmH2O (95% CI, 2.6–4.8)] immediately post-intervention compared with the baseline ([Formula: see text]). Moreover, the MHI with suction induced higher [Formula: see text] [1.4[Formula: see text]mL/kg (95% CI, 0.8–2.1)] and [Formula: see text] [3.4[Formula: see text]mL/cmH2O (95% CI, 2.1–4.7)] compared with the suction-alone intervention. In addition, the secretion mass [0.7[Formula: see text]g (95% CI, 0.6–0.8)] was greater in MHI with suction compared with suction alone ([Formula: see text]). However, there was no difference in peak inspiratory pressure, mean airway pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure or oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) between interventions.

Conclusions: MHI can improve [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and secretion mass without inducing adverse hemodynamic effects upon the pediatric patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine and Uric Acid Using the Composite Materials of Fe3O4 and Nitrogen Self-Doped Sunflower Plate-Derived Carbon
Authors: Gao Panpan , Huang Yaqi , Zhang Yaoyao , Sun Qiaoqian , Ruan Shaojie , Yin Wei , Pu Hongchen , Yin Miao , Fa Huanbao
Published: September 2021

A simple pyrolysis, activation and hydrothermal method was utilized to synthesize composite materials (Fe3O4/SFP) of ferroferric oxide and nitrogen self-doped sunflower plate-derived carbon for the simultaneous electrochemical sensing of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). The Fe3O4/SFP had synergistic catalytic effect on target molecules, and the oxidation peak potential of AA, DA and UA was well distinguished in the differential pulse voltammetry determination. Under the optimal conditions, the linear response ranges of AA, DA and UA are 3–150[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, 5–450[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M and 15–1200[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, respectively. The detection limits of AA, DA and UA ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]) are 1.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, 0.4[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M and 1.48[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, respectively, and the sensitivity is 1.87[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (3–20[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M) and 0.64[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (20–150[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M) for AA, 3.90[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (5–20[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M) and 1.21[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (20–450[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M) for DA and 1.12[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (15–100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M) and 0.31[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] (100–1200[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M) for UA. In addition, satisfactory results have been obtained for the determination of AA, DA and UA in normal human serum, which provides a new research direction for the construction of electrochemical sensors in the future.
Improving on current using new double-material heterojunction gate all around TFET (DMHJGAA TFET): Modeling and simulation
Authors: Vimala P. , Shree Navya , Priyadarshini U. , Arun Samuel T. S.
Published: September 2021

Transistor, which is the building block of all electronic devices, has continuously scaled down its dimensions for better efficiency since the advent of CMOS circuits. Due to the thermal limit on the switching and various short-channel effects (SCEs), highly scaled MOSFETs are rendered unusable for low-power applications. Hence, the Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs) are studied extensively for ultra-low-power applications. Further, multigate TFETs have emerged as the prime candidates for achieving better gate controllability. Throughout this work, a newly revised analytical model for Heterojunction Gate All Around (HJGAA) TFET is demonstrated using a 2D parabolic approximation equation. Analytical expressions are derived for both potential distribution and field distribution using appropriate boundary conditions. This distribution of electric fields is further used to measure the rate of tunneling output, and then we have extracted the drain current numerically. The findings indicate a substantial change in the drain current characteristics while reducing the SCE impacts to a considerable amount. Feasibility of the newly updated model is verified by comparing the results of the analytical model with the results of TCAD simulator.