bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible-Light-Induced Diselenide-Crosslinked Polymeric Micelles for ROS-Triggered Drug Delivery
Authors: Cheng Xinfeng , Li Huixian , Sun Xiaomeng , Xu Tianxu , Guo Zhenzhen , Du Xianchao , Li Shuai , Li Xuyang , Xing Xiaojing , Qiu Dongfang
Published: August 2024

To synthesize an effective and versatile nano-platform serving as a promising carrier for controlled drug delivery, visible-light-induced diselenide-crosslinked polyurethane micelles were designed and prepared for ROS-triggered on-demand doxorubicin (DOX) release. A rationally designed amphiphilic block copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(diselenolane diol-co-isophorone diisocyanate)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-b-PUSe-b-PEG), which incorporates dangling diselenolane groups within the hydrophobic PU segments, was initially synthesized through the polycondensation reaction. In aqueous media, this type of amphiphilic block copolymer can self-assemble into micellar aggregates and encapsulate DOX within the micellar core, forming DOX-loaded micelles that are subsequently in situ core-crosslinked by diselenides via a visible-light-triggered metathesis reaction of Se-Se bonds. Compared with the non-crosslinked micelles (NCLMs), the as-prepared diselenide-crosslinked micelles (CLMs) exhibited a smaller particle size and improved colloidal stability. In vitro release studies have demonstrated suppressed drug release behavior for CLMs in physiological conditions, as compared to the NCLMs, whereas a burst release of DOX occurred upon exposure to an oxidation environment. Moreover, MTT assay results have revealed that the crosslinked polyurethane micelles displayed no significant cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells. Cellular uptake analyses have suggested the effective internalization of DOX-loaded crosslinked micelles and DOX release within cancer cells. These findings suggest that this kind of ROS-triggered reversibly crosslinked polyurethane micelles hold significant potential as a ROS-responsive drug delivery system.
Study on the Rapid Limit Test for Six Sulfonamide Residues in Food Based on the TLC-SERS Method
Authors: Ma Yukun , Zhang Min , Li Li , Liu Jicheng , Xu Feng , Wang Yuanrui , Song Bo , Xu Tao , Hong Yue , Zhang Honglian
Published: August 2024

Sulfonamides are not only widely applied in clinics but also highly valued in animal husbandry. Recently, it has become common for sulfonamide residues to exceed the standard limits in food, which can affect human health. Current regulations limit these residues. Therefore, we constructed a new limit test method to rapidly determine the levels of sulfonamide residues. Six sulfonamides were detected using the latest method called TLC-SERS, namely, sulfamethasone (A), sulfamethazine (B), sulfadoxine (C), sulfamethoxydiazine (D), sulfamethoxazole (E), and sulfathiazole (F). The optimal conditions for SERS detection were investigated for these six drugs, and the separation effects of different TLC spreaders on them were compared. Then, we successfully established a separation system using dichloromethane–methanol–ammonia in a ratio of 5:1:0.25 (v/v/v), which provided good separation effects on the six drugs. The residues were preliminarily separated via TLC. A silver sol solution was added to the spot on the silica gel G plate at the corresponding specific shift values, and SERS detection was performed. The sample solution was placed on the spot under a 532 nm laser, and the SERS spectrum was collected and analyzed for the six sulfonamides. The results showed obvious variations in the SERS spectrum among the six sulfonamides, with the LODs being 12.5, 6.4, 6.3, 7.1, 18.8, and 6.2 ng/mL from A to F, respectively, and an RSD of <3.0%. Within 48 h, the SERS signal for each sulfonamide drug was kept stable, with an RSD of <3.0%. The detection results of 20 samples using the TLC-SERS method were consistent with those obtained by UPLC-MS/MS. The established TLC-SERS method is simple and fast, providing a useful reference for the rapid detection of residue limits in food.
Development and Evaluation of Interprofessional High-Fidelity Simulation Course on Medication Therapy Consultation for German Pharmacy and Medical Students—A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Sharkas Ahmed Reda , Ali Sherazi Bushra , Sayyed Shahzad Ahmad , Kinny Florian , Steichert Melina , Schwender Holger , Laeer Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Recently, there has been a remarkable move towards interprofessional collaboration in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the care of comorbidities. In Germany, there has been a gradual increase in interprofessional learning in medical and pharmacy education, aiming to enhance patient care. To adapt the pharmacy curriculum for collaborative practice between pharmacy and medical students, we developed an immersive interprofessional collaboration course for pharmacy students using adult and pediatric high-fidelity simulators (HFS) to assess and train medication consultation skills. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether interprofessional training between pharmacy and medical students results in differences in pharmacy students’ performance of medication therapy consultation compared to the case of mono-professional training of pharmacy students only. Before and after inter/mono-professional training, each pharmacy student performed an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and completed a self-assessment questionnaire. Additionally, an attitude survey towards interprofessional learning was completed by pharmacy and medical students at the end of the training. As expected, interprofessional as well as mono-professional training showed a statistically significant increase in medication consultation skills. Of importance, the performance in the interprofessional training group was significantly better than in the mono-professional group, particularly in drug therapy counselling and consultation behaviors. There was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in self-assessment scores, and all study participants had positive attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration and training. Therefore, interprofessional training using HFS has been shown to appropriately train pharmacy students for collaborative practice and consultation skills.
MnasNet-SimAM: An Improved Deep Learning Model for the Identification of Common Wheat Diseases in Complex Real-Field Environments
Authors: Wen Xiaojie , Maimaiti Muzaipaer , Liu Qi , Yu Fusheng , Gao Haifeng , Li Guangkuo , Chen Jing
Published: August 2024

Deep learning approaches have been widely applied for agricultural disease detection. However, considerable challenges still exist, such as low recognition accuracy in complex backgrounds and high misjudgment rates for similar diseases. This study aimed to address these challenges through the detection of six prevalent wheat diseases and healthy wheat in images captured in a complex natural context, evaluating the recognition performance of five lightweight convolutional networks. A novel model, named MnasNet-SimAM, was developed by combining transfer learning and an attention mechanism. The results reveal that the five lightweight convolutional neural networks can recognize the six different wheat diseases with an accuracy of more than 90%. The MnasNet-SimAM model attained an accuracy of 95.14%, which is 1.7% better than that of the original model, while only increasing the model’s parameter size by 0.01 MB. Additionally, the MnasNet-SimAM model reached an accuracy of 91.20% on the public Wheat Fungi Diseases data set, proving its excellent generalization capacity. These findings reveal that the proposed model can satisfy the requirements for rapid and accurate wheat disease detection.
Wood Sponge for Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Zhang Chang , Cai Taoyang , Ge-Zhang Shangjie , Mu Pingxuan , Liu Yuwen , Cui Jingang
Published: August 2024

In addition to filtering some sediments, hydrophobic wood sponges can also absorb many organic solvents, particularly crude oil. The leakage of crude oil poses a serious threat to the marine ecosystem, and oil mixed with water also generates great danger for its use. From the perspective of low cost and high performance, wood sponges exhibit great potential for dealing with crude oil pollution. Wood sponge is a renewable material. With a highly oriented layered structure and a highly compressible three-dimensional porous frame, wood sponges are extremely hydrophobic, making them ideal for oil–water separation. Currently, the most common approach for creating wood sponge is to first destroy the wood cell wall to obtain a porous-oriented layered structure and then enhance the oil–water separation ability via superhydrophobic treatment. Wood sponge prepared using various experimental methods and different natural woods exhibits distinctive properties in regards to robustness, compressibility, fatigue resistance, and oil absorption ability. As an aerogel material, wood sponge offers multi-action (absorption, filtration) and reusable oil–water separation functions. This paper introduces the advantages of the use of wood sponge for oil–water separation. The physical and chemical properties of wood sponge and its mechanism of adsorbing crude oil are explained. The synthesis method and the properties are discussed. Finally, the use of wood sponge is summarized and prospected.
Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Polypropylene Elastomer by Propylene Polymerization Using α-Diimine Nickel Catalysts
Authors: Gao Lujie , Ren Hegang , Hou Yanhui , Ye Linlin , Meng Hao , Liu Binyuan , Yang Min
Published: August 2024

The α-diimine late transition metal catalyst represents a new strategy for the synthesis of atactic polypropylene elastomer. Taking into account the properties of the material, enhancing the molecular weight of polypropylene at an elevated temperature through modifying the catalyst structure, and further increasing the activity of α-diimine catalyst for propylene polymerization, are urgent problems to be solved. In this work, two α-diimine nickel(II) catalysts with multiple hydroxymethyl phenyl substituents were synthesized and used for propylene homopolymerization. The maximum catalytic activity was 5.40 × 105 gPP/molNi·h, and the activity was still maintained above 105 gPP/molNi·h at 50 °C. The large steric hindrance of catalysts inhibited the chain-walking and chain-transfer reactions, resulting in polypropylene with high molecular weights (407~1101 kg/mol) and low 1,3-enchainment content (3.57~16.96%) in toluene. The low tensile strength (0.3~1.0 MPa), high elongation at break (218~403%) and strain recovery properties (S.R. ~50%, 10 tension cycles) of the resulting polypropylenes, as well as the visible light transmittance of approximately 90%, indicate the characteristics of the transparent elastomer.
Does the Addition of Low-Dose Antibiotics Compromise the Mechanical Properties of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)?
Authors: Egger Valentina , Dammerer Dietmar , Degenhart Gerald , Pallua Johannes D. , Schmölz Werner , Thaler Martin , Kühn Klaus-Dieter , Nogler Michael , Putzer David
Published: August 2024

The increasing numbers of total joint replacements and related implant-associated infections demand solutions, which can provide a high-dose local delivery of antibiotics. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) is an accepted treatment method for infected joint arthroplasties. The mechanical properties of low-dose gentamicin-loaded bone cement (BC) in medium- and high-viscosity versions were compared to unloaded BC using a vacuum mixing system. As an additional control group, manual mixed unloaded BC was used. In a uniaxial compression test, ultimate compressive strength, compressive yield strength, and compression modulus of elasticity, as well as ultimate and yield strain, were determined according to ISO 5833-2022 guidelines. All groups exceeded the minimum compressive strength (70 MPa) specified in the ISO 5833 guidelines. Both ALBC groups showed a similar ultimate compressive and yield strength to the unloaded BC. The results showed that vacuum mixing increased the compression strength of BC. ALBC showed similar compressive strength to their non-antibiotic counterparts when vacuum mixing was performed. Added low-dose gentamicin acted as a plasticizer on bone cement. From a biomechanical point of view, the usage of gentamicin-based ALBC formulations is viable.
Enhancing Selectivity with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers via Non-Thermal Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma
Authors: Amiri Khoshkar Vandani Samira , Liu Qianwei , Lam Yuki , Ji Hai-Feng
Published: August 2024

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers that mimic the functions of antibodies. Though MIPs are promising tools in various areas, achieving high selectivity in MIPs can be difficult. To improve selectivity, various approaches have been implemented; however, the role of polymerization methods or synthetic techniques in enhancing the selectivity of MIPs has not been studied and remains a crucial area for further research. MIPs are typically prepared from free radical reactions. Recently, we found that Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma can be used to initiate the polymerization of vinyl monomers. The DBD plasma method allows the monomers to associate with the template molecules and initiate polymerization with minimal disruption to the positioning of the monomers. We hypothesize that this could be a preferred method to prepare MIPs over the traditional radical reaction that may cause a disturbance of the pre-associated monomers on the templates for the polymerization. Chicken egg white serum albumin (CESA) was used as the template protein for the MIPs. Our results show that in all test conditions, approximately twofold improvement in selectivity was achieved, which is the primary performance metric for MIPs. This enhancement was evident across all categories, including MIPs prepared from various monomer combinations.
Properties of EPDM Nanocomposites Reinforced with Modified Montmorillonite
Authors: Li Zhanxu , Chen Zilong , Sun Weichong , Liu Yangling , Wang Xiong , Lin Jun , Wang Jian , He Shaojian
Published: August 2024

Considering the dilemma of obtaining economic and high-performance composites based on non-polar and main-chain-saturated ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM), we proposed an effective and universal filler modification and nanocomposite preparation method. Specifically, the montmorillonite (MMT) surface was coated with polydopamine (PDA) to obtain DMMT, which was confirmed by XRD, XPS, FTIR, and TGA. After compounding DMMT gel with the solid EPDM via the gel compounding method, a silane coupling agent, vinyltrimethoxysilane, was introduced to construct covalent interactions between rubber and filler. Compared with the unmodified MMT filler EPDM, the EPDM/DMMT nanocomposite showed much fewer filler aggregates in the matrix. The highest tensile strength of the composites reached 6.5 MPa with 10 phr DMMT, almost 200% higher than that of pure EPDM.
Effects of Autogenous Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) on Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel 316L
Authors: Song Inyoung , Jeong Gwang-Ho , Kim Sang-Kyo , Kim Yun Hwan , Murphy Anthony B. , Park Tae-Kook , Kim Ducklae , Park Hyunwoo , Cho Dae-Won
Published: August 2024

The autogenous manual gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process was used for cladding austenitic stainless steel 316L using a single pass with various contact tip-to-work distances (CTWDs). Immersion and electrochemical tests were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the welded specimens, and a microstructural analysis was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of the molten pool and the heat-affected zone of welding. The key findings of this study indicate that the corrosion resistance improved under a CTWD of 5 mm due to the optimal distribution of ferrite and a refined microstructure. Additionally, the highest hardness was observed in specimens with a CTWD of 3 mm, attributed to the increased ferrite content in the weld metal. As the CTWD increased, the ferrite fraction decreased, and the hardness also diminished. However, in the CTWD 7 mm case, the higher heat input influenced the microstructure and molten pool shape significantly through the Marangoni effect, resulting in a lower corrosion resistance. These results suggest that optimizing the CTWD can enhance the corrosion resistance of welded 316L stainless steel.
Analysis of Marker Compounds in Lindera erythrocarpa from Diverse Geographical Regions of Korea
Authors: Uy Neil Patrick , Kim Jung-Hee , Kim Doo-Young , Ku Jajung , Lee Sanghyun
Published: August 2024

Lindera erythrocarpa M., a medicinal plant commonly found in China, Japan, and Korea, is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-cancer effects. However, data on the quantification of different marker compounds found in this species across plant parts and geographical regions remain limited. To address this gap in the literature, the marker compounds methyl lucidone (1), methyl linderone (2), and kanakugiol (3) in leaves and stems of L. erythrocarpa collected from five different regions in the Republic of Korea were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/UV). Among the three compounds analyzed, kanakugiol (3) was the most abundant and was predominantly found in the stem samples. Overall, stems contained higher concentrations of methyl linderone (2) and kanakugiol (3) than the leaves. These findings highlight the importance of considering regional factors and plant part selection to maximize the yield of bioactive compounds. The results support the potential of L. erythrocarpa as a medicinal source and contribute to the standardization and quality improvement of herbal goods, thereby enhancing consumer protection and product efficacy.
How Do Older Adults Perceive Sexual Unwellness? A Cross-National Qualitative Study with Mexican and Portuguese Older Adults
Authors: von Humboldt Sofia , Medoza-Ruvalcaba Neyda Ma. , Ribeiro-Gonçalves José Alberto , Chávez-Rodríguez Alejandro , Arias-Merino Elva Dolores , Low Gail , Leal Isabel
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Perspectives on sexual unwellness (SU), referring to difficulties in achieving sexual satisfaction and maintaining sexual relationships, may vary across different cultural contexts. Understanding how cultural factors such as social norms, religion, family values, and help-seeking behaviors influence SU is crucial. This cross-cultural study aims to explore Mexican and Portuguese older adults’ perspectives on SU in the context of aging in different cultures. Methods: A total of 166 heterosexual older participants living in the community (range = 65 to 98 years of age; mean = 71.54 ± 5.0 years of age) took part. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and interview data were content analyzed. Results: Six SU themes emerged: poor sexual experiences; feeling alone; religious values; medication; not feeling attractive; and feeling pain or physical restrictions. Cross-cultural differences were evident in this study. Older Portuguese participants most often spoke of ‘poor sexual experiences’ (25.5%), ‘religious values’ (18.2%), ‘medication’ (17.3%), ‘feeling alone’ (15.5%), and ‘not feeling attractive’ (15.5%). Older Mexican participants identified most with ‘feeling alone’ (13.7%), followed by ‘poor sexual experiences’ (7.4%) and ‘feeling pain or physical restrictions’ (5.6%). Conclusions: A diversity of experiences of older adults in relation to SU was highlighted in this study. Moreover, cross-cultural research on the construct of SU is essential to understanding the cultural differences in the conceptualization of the construct and how these themes may influence sexual life in old age. Research into older adults’ SU is still scarce; hence, these findings are pertinent for outlining guidelines and health interventions by considering elements that affect SU and by focusing on the sexuality of older people with a deep cultural and ethnic sensitivity.
Using a Syndemics Perspective to (Re)Conceptualize Vulnerability during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hernandez Barrios Yisel , Perez Chacon Dennis , Molina Gomez Yosiel , Gryseels Charlotte , Verdonck Kristien , Peeters Grietens Koen , Nieto-Sanchez Claudia
Published: August 2024

Syndemics theory has been applied to study interactions between biomedical and social factors leading to the clustering of diseases. Because syndemics theory focuses on interactions that enhance risk, the concept of vulnerability is central to this approach. We conducted a scoping review to better understand how this theoretical framework helped to define, operationalize, and tackle issues of vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Original research, reviews, and opinion pieces elaborating on syndemics, vulnerability, and COVID-19, published between December 2019 and October 2022 and available from PubMed, were eligible. We analyzed 40 records and identified three framings of syndemics operating during this period: (1) interactions between COVID-19, diseases/health conditions, and specific social factors; (2) interactions between COVID-19 and social determinants of health; and (3) impacts of COVID-19 on specific populations. Emerging conceptualizations described vulnerability to COVID-19 as a systemic issue, explained the impact of COVID-19 control measures on increased vulnerability, and presented COVID-19 as a syndemic on its own. However, this theory’s potential for deepening our understanding of vulnerability during this pandemic was constrained by superficial explorations of the interactions between biomedical and social spheres, and insufficient theoretical and methodological support from the social sciences.
Depot Charging Schedule Optimization for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Battery-Electric Trucks
Authors: Song Shuhan , Qiu Yin , Coates Robyn Leigh , Dobbelaere Cristina Maria , Seles Paige
Published: August 2024

Charge management, which lowers charging costs for fleets and prevents straining the electrical grid, is critical to the successful deployment of medium- and heavy-duty battery-electric trucks (MHD BETs). This study introduces an energy demand and cost management framework that optimizes depot charging for MHD BETs by combining an energy consumption machine learning model and a linear program optimization model. The framework considers key factors impacting real-world MHD BET operations, including vehicle and charger configurations, duty cycles, use cases, geographic and climate conditions, operation schedules, and utilities’ time-of-use (TOU) rates and demand charges. The framework was applied to a hypothetical fleet of 100 MHD BETs in California under three different utilities for 365 days, with results compared to unmanaged charging. The optimized charging solution avoided more than 90% of on-peak charging, reduced fleet charging peak load by 64–75%, and lowered fleet energy variable costs by 54–64%. This study concluded that the proposed charge management framework significantly reduces energy costs and peak loads for MHD BET fleets while making recommendations for fleet electrification infrastructure planning and the design of utility TOU rates and demand charges.
Hubungan Kekerabatan Kakatua (Psittaciformes) Berdasarkan Gen Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) secara In-silico
Authors: Pharmawati Made , Rosiana I Wayan
Published: August 2024

Cockatoos are member of the order Psittaciformes. Indonesia have eight endemic species of  Cockatoos including : Black Palm Cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus), Moluccan Cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis), Tanimbar Cockatoo (Cacatua goffiniana), White Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua alba), Galerita or Triton Cockatoo (Cacatua galerita), Little Corella Cockatoo (Cacatua sanguinea ), Lesser Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) and Citroon Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata). Genetic studies are currently considered an appropriate method for studying species relationships. This research aimed to determine the relationship of endemic Indonesian Cockatoos genus Cacatoa using COI gene in silico. The COI gene sequence for each individual cockatoo was accessed through National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) data, sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction using software mega version 11. The results of the phylogenetic tree reconstruction showed that the Indonesian endemic cockatoogenus Cacatoa were grouped into three clusters. The three clusters were the cluster of C. galerita and C. sulphurea, the cluster of C. goffiniana and C. sanguinea, and the cluster of C. alba and C. moluccensis.
Pengaruh Waktu Perendaman Zat Warna Poli Kuersetin terhadap Efisiensi Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
Authors: Putri Tiara Dwi , Hardeli Hardeli
Published: August 2024

The demand for electricity in Indonesia will continue to increase. This condition requires an increase in electricity production capacity from new and renewable energy (NRE) sources. The rising demand for electrical energy leads to the depletion of non-renewable natural resources, driving the shift towards renewable resources such as solar energy. Solar energy can be converted into electrical energy known as solar cells. Third-generation solar cells, known as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), have the ability to generate electrical energy using organic materials. The objective of this research is to improve the efficiency of DSSCs by using polymerized dyes and doping the TiO2 semiconductor with the surfactant CTAB using the sonication method. This research was conducted to achieve optimum efficiency with variations in the dye immersion time in the polyquercetin solution, specifically 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes. Characterization using UV-DRS was performed to observe the band gap energy of the semiconductor. The results of the study showed that the DSSC tested for current and voltage with a digital multimeter yielded the lowest efficiency of 7.9% with a 10-minute immersion time and an optimum efficiency of 19.3% with a 30-minute immersion time.
Multimodal Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Authors: Judge Conor S. , Krewer Finn , O'Donnell Martin J. , Kiely Lisa , Sexton Donal , Taylor Graham W. , Skorburg Joshua August , Tripp Bryan
Published: August 2024

Traditional medical artificial intelligence models that are approved for clinical use restrict themselves to single-modal data (e.g., images only), limiting their applicability in the complex, multimodal environment of medical diagnosis and treatment. Multimodal transformer models in health care can effectively process and interpret diverse data forms, such as text, images, and structured data. They have demonstrated impressive performance on standard benchmarks, like United States Medical Licensing Examination question banks, and continue to improve with scale. However, the adoption of these advanced artificial intelligence models is not without challenges. While multimodal deep learning models like transformers offer promising advancements in health care, their integration requires careful consideration of the accompanying ethical and environmental challenges.
Examining the Relationship Between Health Perception and Preoperative Anxiety in Surgical Patients
Authors: Şahin Akboğa Özlem , Günaydın Yurdagül , Arıca Özbudak Esra
Published: August 2024

Background: A variety of factors can affect anxiety about having surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the level of health perception and preoperative anxiety levels of surgical patients and to investigate the relationship between them. Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted on 315 surgical patients in the preoperative period in the inner region of Turkey. The data were collected using the "Descriptive Information Form", "Health Perception Scale", and "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory". Multiple regression analyses and structural equation modelling were used to evaluate the data. Results: The mean scores of the Perception of Health Scale and the State Anxiety Inventory were 43.78±6.52 and 41.10±10.89, respectively. There was a positive relationship between health perception and anxiety. Anxiety explained 1.8% of the health perception score, while age, educational status, income status, health status, hospitalization, history of surgery, and state anxiety scores explained 15% of the health perception score, according to the model created in the study. Conclusion: Understanding factors affecting preoperative anxiety may help identify patients at high risk of anxiety. Factors that cause anxiety should be investigated, and factors that increase the level of anxiety should be known. The effect of more factors should be investigated to explain preoperative anxiety. Understanding perioperative anxiety in the patient will help provide quality nursing care.
The Effect of Photobiomodulation and Akkermansia muciniphila on THP-1 Derived Macrophage Polarization Treated with Gliadin Peptide
Authors: Jahani-Sherafat Somayeh , Mollaghaei Sara , Asri Nastaran , Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa , Baghaei Kaveh , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Photobiomodulation (PBM) and Akkermansia muciniphila have been shown to be effective in improving inflammatory conditions with positive effects on increasing the population of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (MQs). In this study, gliadin-stimulated THP-1 derived MQs were treated with A. muciniphila and PBM to evaluate their effects on promoting the polarization of M2 MQs. Methods: The human monocyte cell line (THP-1) was differentiated to MQs. MQs were stimulated with 200 μg/mL gliadin for 24 hours and then treated with PBM 810 nm alone and in combination with A. muciniphila for the following 24 hours to evaluate their effects on MQs polarization. THP-1 derived MQs were also treated with PBM and A. muciniphila to evaluate their effects on non-stimulated MQs. CD11b, CD80, and CD206 levels were evaluated by using the flow cytometry technique. Moreover, the expression of some M1 and M2-related cytokines was determined. Results: PBM therapy of gliadin-stimulated MQs decreased IL-6 and increased TGF-β, IL-10 and TNF-α expression compared with gliadin exposed MQs. PBM along with A. muciniphila treatment induced IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 expression in MQs in comparison to the untreated group. It also elevated TGF-β, IL-10 and TNF-α levels in gliadin-triggered MQs in comparison to gliadin-stimulated MQ cells. Conclusion: The result of this study showed the potential of PBMT and A. muciniphila for modulating inflammatory responses and MQs polarization. This may open new perspectives to find possible therapeutic targets for celiac diseases.
The Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Conditioned Media of 3T3-L1 Cells in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Sinaei Maryam , Sekhavat Saba , Zafari Jaber , Moradzadegan Atousa
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignancies, and its prompt diagnosis significantly amplifies the prospects of successful treatment. Approximately one in seven women will experience a breast cancer diagnosis in their lifetime. Stromal cells and their secreted factors exert various effects on tumor growth, impacting proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Research has emphasized the significant impact of proteins secreted by adipose tissue on breast cancer proliferation, surpassing the influence of factors released by other cell types. Yet, the specific transcription factors and cofactors involved in adipokine expression in the tumor microenvironment remain enigmatic. Methods: In this study, adipocyte cells were cultured and exposed to 980 nm and 650 nm Photobiomodulation. The MDA-MD-231 cells (triple negative cancer cell line) were cultured with a conditioned medium from laser-treated cells. The real-time assay was employed to analyze the gene expression level changes involved in apoptosis. Results: Results showed that the irradiated conditioned medium at 980 nm and 650 nm caused a reduction in cell viability of cancer cells. Conversely, the conditioned medium from the irradiated cells triggered an increase in the expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and BAX2 genes, alongside a decrease in BCL2 gene expression. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the potential of the laser-treated conditioned medium to induce apoptosis pathways in cancer cells, demonstrating a promising avenue for further research in utilizing low-level laser therapy in breast cancer treatment.
The Role of Laser and Microwave in Treatment of Endocrine Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Noghabaei Giti , Ahmadzadeh Alireza , Pouran Fatemeh , Mahdavian Amirmohsen , Rezaei Mitra , Razzaghi Mohammadreza , Mansouri Vahid , Maleki Farajolah
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The treatment of endocrine problems like thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) faces significant challenges so that medical professionals worldwide try to find a new therapeutic approach. However, along with common treatments which include medications, hormone replacement therapy, and surgery; there is a growing interest in alternative therapies like laser therapy, which offers a non-invasive and unique technique for treating endocrine disorders alone or in combination with traditional methods. The main goal of this review was to do a systematic review on the role of the laser and Microwave in the treatment endocrine disorders. Methods: In the present systematic review, the most important databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, were searched for the studies examining the effect of lasers on the treatment of endocrine problems by using appropriate keywords and specific strategies from 1995 to 2023. All the studies that were not about lasers and endocrine were excluded. Results: Based on 51 reviewed studies, lasers and radiofrequency ablation such as RFA are effective in the treatment of thyroid diseases, hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic disorders, and sexual dysfunctions. Laser-induced interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and microwave ablation (MWA) are genuine minimally invasive methods for the treatment of benign nodules, adenomas, and tumor ablation including pancreatic carcinomas and adrenal tumors. Intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI) which uses red, UV, and blue light could be effective in treating various metabolic disorders, such as DM. Conclusion: Laser as a cutting-edge and minimally invasive approach could treat various endocrine disorders. It has a great potential to treat and regulate hormonal imbalances, decrease inflammation, and relieve symptoms of various ailments, such as endocrine disorders.
Assessment of NB-UVB Effects on Skin of Atopic Dermatitis Patients: A Network Analysis
Authors: Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa , Bandarian Fatemeh , Razi Farideh , Razzaghi Zahra , Arjmand Babak , Rostami Nejad Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease which is treated with narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB). Exploring the critical targeted genes in patients by UV radiation is the main aim of this study. Methods: Gene expression profiles of lesional and non-lesional skin samples of atopic dermatitis patients after treatment with NB-UVB and the non-irradiated samples were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to find the critical targeted genes. Results: A total of 357 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in the PPI network. CTNNB1, SRSF1, YWHAB, SMC3, GNB2, ARF3, UBL7, RAB2A, YWHAE, EIF5B, SNRPE, PPIG, RC3H2, CFL1, SMARCB1. LAPTM5, PRPF40A, and RBBP4 were introduced as hub-bottlenecks. Conclusion: In conclusion, five central genes including SMC3, ARF3, EIF5B, SMARCB1, and LAPTM5 were highlighted as the critical genes in response to NB-UVB radiation in the skin of the treated atopic dermatitis patients. The introduced crucial genes are involved in essential cellular functions such as apoptosis, cell cycle, cell proliferation, and inflammation. It seems that applied NB-UVB radiation is a suitable therapeutic method for atopic dermatitis disease.
Effect of Laser Treatment of Root Dentine on Retention of Dental Fiber Post in Endodontically Treated Teeth: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Abdul Hadi Ahmed Rawaa , Mohammed Ali Hussein Basima
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The most common causes of fiber post-failure are inadequate restorations and dislodgement. This study aimed to evaluate fiber post-bond strength to dentin following Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation. Methods: A total of 65 human mandibular premolars with single roots were included. The 14 mm root length was instrumented with the rotary system using the crown-down technique. Gutta-percha was used for obturation, followed by conventional post space preparation. The samples were divided into two major groups: control (A) and Er,Cr:YSGG (2780 nm) laser group (B). The laser group was subdivided into (B1) 1.25 W, (B2) 1.5 W, and (B3) 1.75 W. All laser groups were set at 20 Hz, 10% and 30% water/air ratio. Fiber posts were cemented with selfadhesive cement. Each sample was divided horizontally into two slices, coronal and apical. The universal testing equipment was used to conduct a push-out test. All groups were examined by SEM and temperature changes. The statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results: SEM images of all laser groups revealed the elimination of the smear layer and opened dentinal tubules, which was particularly noticeable in the apical region with no thermal risk to the periodontal tissue. In the push-out test, all laser groups had highly significant (P<0.001) increases in the bond strength of fiber post to dentin. The failure mode of the control group was a predominantly adhesive failure, whereas the laser groups were a predominantly mixed type. Conclusion: The three laser protocols can be used safely in the surface treatment of the fiber post space of endodontically treated teeth. Laser help to increase the bond strength of fiber post to dentin, especially in the apical area.
Bone Regeneration of Rat Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects by the Combination of Photobiomodulation and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Fekrazad Sepehr , Farzad-Mohajeri Saeed , Mashhadiabbas Fatemeh , Daghighi Hooman , Arany Praveen R. , Fekrazad Reza
Published: August 2024

Introduction: This study explored the synergistic effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on cranial bone regeneration in rats, addressing the limitations of autogenous grafts and advancing bone tissue engineering with innovative photobiomodulation (PBM) applications. Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were allocated to 5 separate groups randomly; (1) natural bovine bone mineral (NBBM); (2) NBBM+LLLT; (3) NBBM+allogenic ADSCs; (4) NBBM+allogenic ADSCs+LLLT; (5) Only defects. 8-mm calvarial defects were made in each rat in the surgical procedure. A diode laser was applied with the following parameters (continuous mode, power of 100mW, wavelength of 808nm, and 4 J/cm2 energy density) immediately after the procedure and every other day. Bone samples were obtained and assessed histomorphometrically and histologically after staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Results: Different volumes of bony material were observed in two weeks; 2.94%±1.00 in group 1, 5.1%±1.92 in group 2, 7.11%±2.82 in group 3, 7.34%±2.31 in group 4, and 2.01%±0.83 in group 5 (P<0.05). On the other hand, foreign body residuals were up by 23% in the groups with scaffolding by the end of 2 weeks. Four weeks of observation led to 6.74 %±1.95, 13.24%±1.98, 15.76%±1.19, 15.92%±3.4, and 3.11%±1.00 bone formation in groups 1 to 5, respectively (P<0.05). Generally, the difference between groups 2-4 was not statistically significant based on different types of bone and the extent of inflammation. Conclusion: Bearing in mind the limitations of our research, it was demonstrated that ADSCs in combination with PBM have promising effects on bone tissue regeneration in sizeable bony defects. Furthermore, this study also showed that PBM usage improved the newly regenerated bone quality.
Management of a Sinus Tract of Endodontic Origin Using Ultrasonically-Activated Photodynamic Therapy and Photobiomodulation: A Case Report
Authors: Nasrabadi Navid , Asnaashari Mohammad , Daghighi Yasaman
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Odontogenic extraoral sinus tracts are rare conditions that can be misdiagnosed as skin lesions and lead to unnecessary treatments. They are caused by dental infections spreading through bone and draining externally. Conservative nonsurgical endodontic treatment should be pursued first. However, conventional instrumentation and irrigation techniques cannot fully decontaminate root canal systems. New disinfection techniques, including ultrasonic activation of irrigation, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and lasers, have been developed as adjunctive techniques. Photobiomodulation (PBM) (also known as low-level laser therapy) has also demonstrated beneficial effects on tissue healing. Case Presentation: This report presents a case of an extraoral sinus tract associated with a necrotic mandibular molar that was treated successfully with nonsurgical endodontic therapy using ultrasonically-activated PDT, PBM, and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT). Six- and 12-month follow-ups showed resolution of the sinus tract and healing of the apical lesion radiographically. The extraoral lesion had diminished significantly. Conclusion: Combining nonsurgical endodontic treatment with PDT with ultrasonic activation, PBM, and HILT allowed successful management of an odontogenic extraoral sinus tract without surgical intervention. Using PDT combined with ultrasonic activation enhanced disinfection while PBM and HILT improved wound healing. This report demonstrates a conservative approach to treating these lesions.
Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Orchialgia After Varicocelectomy Surgery
Authors: Momenzadeh Cyrus , Razzaghi Mohammadreza , Ommi Davod , Birami Jafar
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The management of chronic groin and scrotal content pain (orchialgia) is a complex condition after varicocelectomy that is encountered by most practicing clinicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in orchialgia after varicocelectomy surgery. Methods: This study was performed as a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in which sixty patients with orchialgia after varicocelectomy were randomly divided into three groups of 20 as follows: (1) low-level laser group with red (650 nm, 50 mW), (2) low-level laser group with infrared (IR) (820 nm, 100 mW), and (3) laser placebo group. The treatment protocol consisted of 15 minutes, three times a week, for only 12 sessions. Then, the patients were evaluated for pain and sexual satisfaction during the 12-week follow-up. Results: The pain score in the two groups of low-level laser with red light and IR spectra showed a significant relief (P<0.05) 6 and 12 weeks after starting the treatment, In addition, a significant increase was observed in the level of sexual satisfaction in the red and infrared spectra LLLT groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that the use of LLLT with red light (650 nm, 50 mW)/IR (820 nm, 100 mW) spectra with power of 6-25 J/cm²/day in 15 minutes, three times a week, for 12 sessions can significantly reduce pain and increase sexual satisfaction in these patients.
Impact of Photobiomodulation and Melatonin on Periodontal Healing of Periodontitis in Immunosuppressed Rats
Authors: Mohamed Abdelgawad Latifa , Gamal Mahmoud Ibrahim Salem Yomna , El Tayeb El-Sayed Abd Allah
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease due to bacterial origin; it has a chronic course and progresses by immunosuppressive therapy. However, adjuvant therapies such as photobiomodulation (PBM) and melatonin can reduce the severity of the inflammation and inhibit the progression of periodontitis. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of PBM (PBM) and melatonin, as adjuvant therapies, on periodontal healing in immunosuppressed rats with periodontitis. Methods: Random allocation was performed on 36 albino Wistar rats, divided into the following groups: control, periodontitis, immunosuppressant only, immunosuppressant+PBM, immunosuppressant+melatonin, and immunosuppressant+melatonin+PBM. Periodontitis caused by ligature in all groups, except for the control group. Subcutaneous administration of dexamethasone was performed in the immunosuppressant groups for immunosuppression. All the groups except the control group received scaling and root planning (SRP). Each group was subdivided into three equal subgroups according to the evaluation period: (A), one week, (B) two weeks (C), 4 weeks. Histological examination was done with haematoxylin & eosin and Masson’s Trichrome for inflammation and periodontal healing. Statistical Analysis of the data was done by using the chi-square test. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: Regarding the inflammatory response and periodontal healing, histological examination revealed statistically significant difference in all treated groups in comparison with the control untreated immunosuppressed group (P<0.001). The combined application of melatonin and PBM resulted in a best histological response presented by lower inflammatory response and better periodontal healing, when compared with all other treated groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: After considering the circumstances of this research, the combination of melatonin and PBM by a 650 nm diode laser with output power of 100 mw for one minute for three sessions appeared to be a beneficial adjunct in periodontal healing in immunosuppressed rats with periodontitis.
Development Of Digital Indonesian Rupiah Through Blockchain Technology
Authors: Lista Meria  , Mariyanti Tatik , Isabella Maria
Published: August 2024

In the current era of the fourth industrial revolution (Revolution 4.0), money plays a central role in various aspects of life, where all forms of goods and services require transactions involving currency. Money serves as a crucial element influencing economic dynamics and acts as a primary parameter in determining monetary policies across different nations. With time, the evolution of the economy, and the increasingly complex human behavior, the concept of money undergoes a significant transformation. It initially originated from barter systems, subsequently evolving into metal coins and paper currency as the official means of exchange to meet the necessities of life. This research focuses on the latest currency model introduced by Bank Indonesia, namely the digital rupiah based on blockchain technology. The study aims to explore the foundation for the government's establishment of digital currency and to elucidate whether conventional currency is presently adequate to fulfill human transaction needs. The research methodology employed is qualitative descriptive with a literature review approach, where the author endeavors to elaborate in detail on the digital rupiah. The research findings conclude that the government's introduction of the digital rupiah aims to provide a modern solution to the inefficiencies of the payment system and financial infrastructure. This digital currency also functions as a tool to directly monitor inflation rates and enables the implementation of monetary policies that can be directly experienced by the public.