EVOLUCIÓN DE LA INTEGRIDAD ESTRUCTURAL DE ECOSISTEMAS LÓTICOS DEL PIEDEMONTE LLANERO FRENTE A LA INTERVENCIÓN ANTRÓPICA
Authors: Briceño Vanegas Guillermo Aramando 
Published: May 2015

<p>Entre los años 1993 y 2007 se determinó la evolución de la integridad ecológica de dos corrientes del piedemonte llanero del Meta, los caños Mateguadua y Caibe en proximidades a los municipios de Restrepo y Cumaral. Los parámetros analizados fueron la evolución del paisaje, el comportamiento de las variables fisicoquímicas, la calidad y oferta de hábitats acuáticos y la organización estructural de las comunidades ícticas. El paisaje experimentó un deterioro severo durante el periodo analizado de muestreo por causa de la deforestación del bosque de galería en ambas corrientes. El lavado y la erosión de los suelos aportaron una carga considerable de sólidos a las corrientes, produjeron sedimentación en el lecho de ambos caños, alteraron los patrones de profundidad y redujeron drásticamente la heterogeneidad espacial de los hábitats acuáticos. La estructura de la comunidad íctica experimentó alteraciones en respuesta al deterioro ambiental, como por ejemplo el progresivo reemplazamiento de especies insectívoras por especies algívoras y fitófagas y la dominancia de poblaciones de <em>Hemigrammus barrigonae</em>, especie que prosperó gracias al avance paulatino de colonias de microalgas y macrófitas en al agua por causa de la fragmentación del bosque de galería.</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>From 1993 to 2007, was analyzed the evolution of the ecological integrity of two streams in the “piedmont” of Meta, the “caños” Mateguadua y Caibe near to Cumaral and Restrepo districts. The parameters analyzed were landscape evolution, physicochemical variables trends, quality and supply of aquatic habitats and the structural organization of fish communities. Landscape quality declined during the sampling period due to deforestation of gallery forests in both streams. Soil erosion process threw considerable amount of solids particles to streams, causing siltation in the bed of both streams. In fact, this condition affected depth patterns and spatial heterogeneity of aquatic habitats. Fish community structure showed changes in response to environmental degradation, such as the progressive replacement of insectivorous species by phytophagous and algivorous species and the dominance of populations of <em>Hemigrammus barrigonae</em>, a species that prospered on gradual progress of colonies of microalgae and macrophytes in the water due to the riparian forest fragmentation.</p><br /><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>ES-CO</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> 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