bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelo de um adimensional de dispersão em lagoas de tratamento
Authors: Alexandre Sikora de Souza Vinicius , Kalline do Nascimento Rhayanna , Gerson Janzen Johannes
Published: February 2020

O adimensional de dispersão em sua forma unidimensional é amplamente utilizado para medir a eficiência de uma lagoa de tratamento, sendo capaz de antecipar a distribuição tempo-espacial de substâncias dissolvidas nesse sistema de tratamento. Considerando a importância prática de conhecer um modelo confiável de previsão desse coeficiente para lagoas de tratamento, foi proposta uma equação simples utilizando a análise adimensional, onde o mesmo é relacionado com as características geométricas e hidrodinâmicas do escoamento. Utilizando 131 dados experimentais coletados na literatura avalia-se, pode meio de análise de erros, coeficientes de determinação linear e testes de hipótese, a equação criada junto com as equações de Polprasert e Bhattarai (1985) e Agunwamba et al. (1992), por essas relacionarem mais variáveis para a representação do fenômeno. Verifica-se a partir dos resultados obtidos que, para os conjuntos de dados analisados, a equação proposta por esse estudo apresenta resultados melhores do que os obtidos pelas equações empíricas analisadas. É necessária, porém, a realização de estudos adicionais para confirmar a aplicabilidade dessas equações em lagoas de tratamento.
Adequabilidade de um índice de qualidade da água para o rio Camaquã/RS
Authors: Nunes Centeno Luana , Tolentino Cecconello Samanta , Carlos Timm Luís , Leandro Diuliana
Published: February 2020

A avaliação isolada das variáveis limnológicas visando ao monitoramento de um manancial não permite obter uma visão global da dinâmica que ocorre no corpo hídrico. Diante disso, esse trabalho teve como objetivo adequar um Índice de Qualidade de Água para o rio Camaquã, localizado no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando para isso dados secundários de qualidade da água disponibilizados pela Fepam, do período de 2005 a 2013. A modificação do índice de qualidade da água foi feita por meio da utilização dos escores fatoriais, obtidos a partir da análise fatorial e da análise de componentes principais. Os pesos estabelecidos para o IQAMod mostram que a variável demanda bioquímica de oxigênio se apresentou como a variável de maior importância neste estudo, diferindo assim da variável de maior importância do IQACetesb, não apenas nessa variável, mas em todas as outras que compuseram o índice, o que proporcionou um resultado final distinto entre o IQAMod e o estabelecido pela Cetesb.
DIGITAL APPS IN FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: TODAY’S AID IN TEACHING AND LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: M. Zamen Dr. John
Published: February 2020

Assessment is an extensive topic that encompasses a wide variety of definitions within the field of education, and evaluating the effectiveness of many types of assessment is often an arduous task.
Master, G. 2015 stated, “The fundamental purpose of assessment in education is to establish and understand the points that students (either as individuals or groups) have reached in their learning at the time of assessment’.
Assessment is the process of gathering data. More specifically, assessment is the way instructors gather data about their teaching and their students’ learning (Hanna, G and Dettmer, P, 2004).There are many different forms of assessment, each with their own specific purpose. Determining what kind of assessment is most effective is highly dependent on the purpose of the data a teacher is trying to collect. Since assessment is often used in making major decisions, there is a great deal of discussion regarding strategies that could improve student performance.
Trends in formative assessment and using data to positively impact student learning has become an integral part of a teacher’s everyday and ongoing practice.
This article addresses formative instructional practice and the many strategies, techniques and tools available to both teachers and students. These tools and apps give teachers and students many options and opportunities for classroom success.
KEYWORDS: Formative assessment, summative assessment, assessment of learning, formative assessment apps.
Learning styles of medical students change along the study program: from ‘thinking and watching’ to ‘thinking and doing’
Authors: Bitran Marcela , Zúñiga Denisse , Pedrals Nuria , Padilla Oslando , Mena Beltrán
Published: February 2020

Background: Most students admitted to medical school are abstract-passive learners. However, as they progress through the program, active learning and concrete interpersonal interactions become crucial for the acquisition of professional competencies. The purpose of this study was to determine if and how medical students' learning styles change during the course of their undergraduate program. Methods: All students admitted to the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) medical school between 2000 and 2011 (n = 1,290) took the Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory at school entrance. Two years later 627 students took it again, and in the seventh and last year of the program 104 students took it for a third time. The distribution of styles at years 1, 3 and 7, and the mobility of students between styles were analyzed with Bayesian models. Results: Most freshmen (54%) were classified as assimilators (abstract-passive learners); convergers (abstract-active) followed with 26%, whereas divergers (concrete-passive) and accommodators (concrete-active) accounted for 11% and 9%, respectively. By year 3, the styles' distribution remained unchanged but in year 7 convergers outnumbered assimilators (49% vs. 33%). In general, there were no gender-related differences. Discussion: Medical students change their preferred way of learning: they evolve from an abstract-reflexive style to an abstract-active one. This change might represent an adaptation to the curriculum, which evolves from a lecture-based teacher-centered to a problem-based student–centered model.
Bedside ultrasound education in Canadian medical schools: A national survey
Authors: Steinmetz Peter , Dobrescu Octavian , Oleskevich Sharon , Lewis John
Published: February 2020

Background: This study was carried out to determine the extent and characteristics of bedside ultrasound teaching in medical schools across Canada.Methods: A cross-sectional, survey-based study was used to assess undergraduate bedside ultrasound education in the 17 accredited medical schools in Canada. The survey, consisting of 19 questions was pilot-tested, web-based, and completed over a period of seven months in 2014.Results:  Approximately half of the 13 responding medical schools had integrated bedside ultrasound teaching into their undergraduate curriculum. The most common trends in undergraduate ultrasound teaching related to duration (1-5 hours/year in 50% of schools), format (practical and theoretical in 67% of schools), and logistics (1:4 instructor to student ratio in 67% of schools). The majority of responding vice-deans indicated that bedside ultrasound education should be integrated into the medical school curriculum (77%), and cited a lack of ultrasound machines and infrastructure as barriers to integration.Conclusions: This study documents the current characteristics of undergraduate ultrasound education in Canada.
Resident work hours: why keeping the status quo may not be such a bad thing
Authors: Razik Roshan , Slessarev Marat
Published: February 2020

Resident duty hours have become an increasingly debated topic in post-graduate medical education. Work-hour restrictions have been implemented for first-year residents in the US and more recently for all residents in Quebec. Current and future work-hour rules affect a variety of stakeholders: government, hospitals, residency training programs, patients, and most of all residents. In this article, we hope to examine the issue from a Canadian perspective and delineate some of the reasons why changing the current call structure may have potentially deleterious effects to all those concerned.
Are we adequately preparing the next generation of physicians to prescribe exercise as prevention and treatment? Residents express the desire for more training in exercise prescription
Authors: Solmundson Kara , Koehle Michael , McKenzie Don
Published: February 2020

Background: Physical activity (PA) is a key intervention for chronic disease, yet few physicians provide exercise prescription (EP). EP is an important component in larger strategies of reducing non-communicable disease (NCD). Our objective was to assess Family Medicine Residents (FMR) knowledge, competence, and perspectives of EP to help inform future curriculum development.Methods: A 49-item cross-sectional survey was administered to 396 University of British Columbia FMR. Residents’ EP knowledge, competence, attitudes/beliefs, current practices, personal physical activity levels, and perspectives of training were assessed using, primarily, a 7-point Likert scale.Results: The response rate was 80.6% (319/396). After eliminating 25 that failed to meet the inclusion criteria, 294 were included in the final analysis. The majority 95.6% of FMR reported EP as important in their future practice, despite having low knowledge of the Canadian PA Guidelines (mean score 1.77/4), low self-reported competence prescribing exercise as prevention (mean score 13.35/21), and rating themselves “somewhat incompetent” prescribing exercise to patients with chronic disease (mean score 11.26/21). FMR believe PA is integral to their patients’ health (98.0%), sedentary behaviour is harmful (97.9%), and feel a responsibility to discuss PA with patients (99.7%). Few FMR (14.9%) perceived their training in EP as adequate and 91.0% desire more.Conclusions: FMR report EP is important, yet do not perceive they are sufficiently prepared to provide EP. In future curricular development, medical educators should consider residents’ low knowledge, competence, perceived program support, and their expressed desire for more training in exercise prescription.
A digital peer-to-peer learning platform for clinical skills development.
Authors: Basnak Jesse Paul , Nzekwu Emeka , Chow Meghan , Ortynski Jennifer
Published: February 2020

Background: Due to constraints in time and resources, medical curricula may not provide adequate opportunities for pre-clerkship students to practice clinical skills. To address this, medical students at the University of Alberta developed a digital peer-to-peer learning initiative. The initiative assessed if students can learn clinical skills from their peers in co-curricular practice objective structured clinical exams (OSCEs).Methods: A total of 144 first-year medical students participated. Students wrote case scenarios that were reviewed by physicians. Students enacted the cases in practice OSCEs, acting as the patient, physician, and evaluator. Verbal and electronic evaluations were completed. A digital platform was used to automate the process. Surveys were disseminated to assess student perceptions of their experience.Results: Seventy-five percent of participants said they needed opportunities to practice patient histories and physical exams in addition to those provided in the medical school curriculum. All participants agreed that the co-curricular practice OSCEs met this need. The majority of participants also agreed that the digital platform was efficient and easy to use.Conclusion: Students found the practice OSCEs and digital platform effective for learning clinical skills. Thus, peer-to-peer learning and computer automation can be useful adjuncts to traditional medical curricula.
Survey evaluations of University of British Columbia residents’ education and attitudes regarding palliative care and physician assisted death
Authors: Spicer David , Paul Sonia , Tang Tom , Chen Charlie , Chase Jocelyn
Published: February 2020

Background: Little prior research has been conducted regarding resident physicians’ opinions on the subject of Physician Assisted Death (PAD), despite past surveys ascertaining the attitudes of practicing physicians towards PAD in Canada. We solicited British Columbia residents’ opinions on the amount of education they receive about palliative care and physician assisted death, and their attitudes towards the implementation of PAD.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional, anonymous online survey with the resident physicians of British Columbia, Canada. Questions included: close-ended questions, graded Likert scale questions, and comments. Results: Among the respondents (n=299, response rate 24%), 44% received ≥5 hours of education in palliative care, 40% received between zero and four hours of education, and 16% reported zero hours. Of all respondents, 75% had received no education about PAD and the majority agreed that there should be more education about palliative care (74%) and PAD (85%). Only 35% of residents felt their program provided them with enough education to make an informed decision about PAD, yet 59% would provide a consenting patient with PAD. Half of the respondents believed PAD would ultimately be provided by palliative care physicians.Interpretation: Residents desire further education about palliative care and PAD. Training programs should consider conducting a thorough needs assessment and implementing structured education to meet this need.
Identification of Carotid Artery Calcifications on Digital Panoramic Radiograph in a Group of South Indian population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Gandluru Vikas Reddy
Published: February 2020

Background: Stroke had been the leading cause of death in industrialized countries, following cardiovascular disease and cancer. Aim and Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the fact that dental practitioners as health care providers ought to play their part in the early detection of patients at risk of having a cerebrovascular stroke.

Materials and Methods: Initial study design consisted of 1000 panoramic radiographs (PRs), which were taken for patients visiting the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Two examiners reviewed all the radiographs. Sixty-one patients were found to have suspected carotid artery calcifications. Out of them, only 43 patients were subjected to Doppler ultrasound for confirmation of the carotid artery calcifications (CAC's).

Results: Out of the 61 patients suspected of having carotid calcifications, 30 were male (49.2%) and 31 were female (50.8%) P value=0.844.Patients with age group between 51-61 had higher incidence of calcifications on orthopanograph (OPG). Mean age of the patients with calcifications on OPG was 56.67 ± SD of 10.15 (p=0.004). Of the final 43 subjects, only 11 patients were confirmed to have positive carotid calcifications in Doppler ultrasonography study. Out of 11 patients, only 9 patients had atherosclerotic plaques that were not hemodynamically important and 2 patients had less than 50% carotid artery stenosis. Based on the Kappa value of 0.397, the level of agreement would be moderate with p value <0.001.

Conclusion: Our study suggests that panoramic radiography can be a significant measure for detecting stroke prone patient. The role of Dental practitioners can be extended further, and overcome certain obstacles before panoramic radiography can be implemented as a new screening method for patients at risk of having a stroke.
The Impact of Acupuncture Treatment on dynamic thiol–disulphide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin levels to assess the oxidative stress in Migraine Patients
Authors: Gündüztepe Yasemin , Mit Setenay , Geçioglu Ersel , Gurbuz Neslihan , Neşelioğlu Salim , Erel Özcan , Çevik Cemal
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acupuncture on dynamic thiol–disulphide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels as a novel oxidative stress parameter in migraine patients. Acupuncture treatment was applied to the 22 volunteer migraine patients.
The acupuncture treatment consists of 5 sessions with 2 sessions per week. Blood samples have been collected before performing acupuncture, after the 1st session and after the 5th session of the acupuncture. And for the control group blood samples were collected only once. A total of 44 participants
were included in the study, and 24 of whom were diagnosed with migraine. The total thiol, native thiol and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in the serum were measured in all patients and healthy individuals. The dynamic disulphide bond and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels were
calculated from these values. The total and native thiol levels of migraine patients participating in the study were found to be significantly higher than the total and native thiol levels of healthy individuals. The total thiol, native thiol, and dynamic disulphide bond levels, and ischemia-modified
albumin (IMA) were correlated with attack frequency, pain intensity, or migraine type. Thiol-disülfide homeostasis can play roles in the etiology and severity of Migraine.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar Tahun 2017
Authors: Subriani St
Published: February 2020

Dari data yang diperoleh dari Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar tahun 2015 ibu hamil yang mengalami preeklampsia 28 orang dari 527 ibu hamil, tahun 2016 jumlah ibu hamil yang mengalami preeklampsia 32 orang dari 675 orang ibu hamil yang memeriksakan kehamilannya di Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar, pada bulan Januari – Juli 2017 jumlah ibu hamil yang memeriksakan kehamilannya sebanyak 542 orang dan yang mengalami preeklampsia 20 orang. Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan umur ibu, paritas dan status gizi dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar. Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara umur ibu, paritas, dan status gizi terhadap kejadian preeklampsia, jumlah populasi 542 orang ibu hamil dan jumlah sampel 100 orang dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Dari hasil uji statistic dengan menggunakan chi-square untuk variable umur ibu diperoleh nilai p(0.018) > nilai α  (0.01) ditemukan tidak ada hubungan antara umur ibu dengan dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar, pada variable paritas nilai p(0.002) > nilai α  (0.01) tidak ada hubungan antara paritas dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar, untuk variable status gizi diperoleh nilai p(0.000) < nilai α  (0.01) artinya ada hubungan antara status gizi dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar. Kesimpulan adalah bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara umur, dan paritas terhadap kejadian preeclampsia dan ada hubungan antara status gizi terhadap kejadian preeklampsia. Diharapkan ibu hamil dapat menerapkan pola hidup sehat karena peluang untuk terjadi preeklamsia bisa pada semua golongan umur dan semua paritas.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Suami Terhadap Pemilihan Alat Kotrasepsi di Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar Tahun 2017
Authors: Harun Ayatullah
Published: February 2020

Kontrasepsi adalah menghindari atau mencegah terjadinya kehamilan sebagai akibat adanya pertemuan antara sel telur dengan sel sperma. Berdasarkan data di Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar pada Januari  s.d Mei 2017 jumlah akseptor KB baru sebanyak 53 dengan akseptor suntik sebanyak 30 akseptor, IUD 4 akseptor dan implant sebanyak 19 aksepstor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang hubungan pengetahuan dan dukungan suami dalam pemilihan alat kontrasepsi di Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar Tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan melakukan pendekatan cross sectional study untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan  dan dukungan suami dalam pemilihan alat kontrasepsi di Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar dengan jumlah populasi 53 orang dan Tehnik pengambilan sampel adalah dengan menggunakan Total Sampling yaitu mengambil seluruh populasi untuk dijadikan sampel. Dari   hasil    uji    statistic   dengan   menggunakan   uji  Chi-Square p (0,38)>0,05 diperoleh bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan   pemilihan  alat   kontrasepsi   di  Puskesmas   Pertiwi   Makassar p ( 0,02)<0,05 ada hubungan antara dukungan suami dengan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi di Puskesmas Pertiwi Makassar. Kesimpulan bahwa pengetahuan dan dukungan suami sangat diperlukan  dalam pemilihan alat kontrasepsi dengan  memberi  dukungan dan perhatian akan membantu istri dalam memilih alat kontrasepsi yang telah mereka pahami, termasuk keuntungan dan kerugian, resiko metode kontrasepsi dari petugas kesehatan.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Ketuban Pecah Dini pada Ibu Hamil di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar
Authors: Noviyanti Nur Indah
Published: February 2020

Berdasarkan data di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar tahun 2015, tercatat kejadian ketuban pecah dini sebanyak 28 orang dari 245 ibu hamil. Tahun 2016 sebanyak 31 kasus dari 151 ibu hamil, Data terakhir dari bulan Januari sampai April 2017 tercatat kejadian KPD sebanyak 22 orang dari 61 ibu hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur ibu, paritas dan kehamilan ganda dengan ketuban pecah dini pada ibu hamil di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian  analitik dengan pendekatan  cross sectional study, Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu hamil yang berkunjung  di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar dari januari sampai  April 2017 sebanyak 61 orang dan sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 61 orang dengan menggunakan tehnik total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk umur kehamilan diperoleh nilai P = 0.29 > α =0.05 artinya tidak ada hubungan umur kehamilan terhadap kejadian ketuban pecah dini di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar, untuk variabel paritas di peroleh nilai P = 0.595 > α =0.05 artinya tidak ada hubungan paritas terhadap kejadian ketuban pecah dini di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar, untuk variabel kehamilan ganda di peroleh nilai P = 0.26 < α =0.05 artinya ada hubungan kehamilan ganda  terhadap kejadian ketuban pecah dini di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar, Kesimpulan dari ketiga variabel umur, paritas dan kehamilan ganda hanya kehamilan ganda yang memiliki hubungan dengan terjadinya ketuban pecah dini di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar sehingga diharapkan kepada ibu yang memiliki kehamilan ganda  agar lebih intensif memeriksakan kehamilannya demi mencegah secara dini  terjadinya ketuban pecah dini.
A Proposed Integrated Supply Chain Management Framework for Tuna Fishery in Palabuhanratu
Authors: Nurhayati Atikah , Purnomo A. H.
Published: February 2020

Tuna production potential of Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi District, is very high but the fishery is not supported by a good supply chain. In this location, there are two existing chains namely fresh and derivative-product chains; both are influenced significantly by seasonal variables. This research aims to analyze integrated supply chain management for tuna fishery in Palabuhanratu. Data for this research comprises both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through interviews with 20 respondents representing fishermen, 10 representing wholesalers, 10 representing retailers, 10 representing consumers, all of which were drawn from following the snowball sampling technique. Meanwhile, secondary data were time series tuna production statistics made available from the printed report of the Sukabumi District Fishery Office. This research employed the factor analysis and fisheries supply chain management model as the main methodological tools. The result showed that among others, the most influential factors for tuna demand in the research location are price of fish, tuna product diversity, and distribution of tuna catch. On the other hand, in the supply side the most influential factors are fishing season and tuna species. It was identified from the research that with regard to the existing chains, this research identified that there are variants of both the fresh fish and derivative product chains, each of which have some particular drawbacks related to influential factors observed in the other part of this research. It is worth noting here that variants of the fresh tuna chain are: (i) fishers, auction place, wholesalers, retailers, consumers, (ii) fishers, auction place, consumers, (iii) fishers, consumers. Variants of the derivative-product chain are: (i) fishers, auction place, wholesalers, processors, processed fish wholesalers, processed fish retailers, consumers, (ii) fishers, auction place, processors, processed fish wholesalers, processed fish retailers, consumers, (iii) fishers, auction place, processors, processed fish retailers, consumers. In general, this research suggests that improvement should be made through the introduction of an integrative approach aiming to incorporate tools necessary to mitigate negative influential factors and to take advantage the positive ones.
Gambaran Stimulasi Perkembangan Oleh Ibu Terhadap Anak Usia Prasekolah Di Kb-It Permata Hati Bojonegoro
Authors: Hariastuti Fela Putri , Astuti Niken Yuli
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAK Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan merupakan hal yang akan terus terjadi secara berkesinambungan selama kehdupan manusia. Menurut Susanto (2011) pertumbuhan merupakan proses bertambahnya ukuran tubuh dan jumlah sel serta jaringan, sedangkan perkembangan adalah bertambahnya struktur, fungsi dan kemampuan manusia yang lebih kompleks. Proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tersebut terbagi dalam beberapa tahapan berdasarkan usia. Salah satu fase dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dan perkembangan manusia adalah masa prasekolah yaitu anak yang berusia 3-5 tahun (Wong, Hockenberry, Wilson, Winkelstein Schwartz, 2009). Penelitian ini bertujuan Mengetahui gambaran stimulasi perembangan oleh ibu terhadap anak usia prasekolah di KBIT Permata Hati Bojonegoro.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah desain deskriptif. Subyek penelitian adalah ibu yang memiliki anak usia prasekolah (3-5 tahun) yang diikutkan dalam program PAUD yaitu di KBIT Permata Hati Bojonegoro yang berjumlah 45 responden. Hasil uji kuesioner didapatkan responden sering melakukan stimulasi. Hampir seluruh (94%) memiliki pengetahuan yang tinggi mengenai stimulasi.Kata Kunci :  stimulasi, perkembangan ABSTRACT          Growth and development is what will continue to happen on an ongoing basis during kehdupan humans. According to Susanto (2011) growth is a process of increasing body size and the number of cells and tissues, while the development is the increase in structure, function and capabilities of human beings are more complex. The process of growth and development is divided into several stages based on age. One phase in the growth and development and human development is the preschool years that children aged 3-5 years (Wong, Hockenberry, Wilson, Winkelstein Schwartz, 2009). This study aimed Knowing picture perembangan stimulation by the mother against the preschoolers in kbitPermataHati Bojonegoro. The study was a descriptive design. Subjects were mothers with preschool children (3-5 years) were included in the early childhood program that is in kbitPermataHati Bojonegoro totaling 45 respondents. The test results obtained questionnaire respondents often do stimulation. Almost all (94%) have a high knowledge of the stimulation. Keywords : stimulation, development
The Impact of Unemployment and Human Development Index on Poverty in Gorontalo Province 2008-2017
Authors: Yusuf Lian A , Dai Sri Indriyani
Published: February 2020

This research aims to analyze the impact of unemployment rate and human development index on poverty in Regecies and City in Gorontalo Province. This research uses Panel Data Regression analysis with fixed effect model (FEM). This research uses regional datasets from the Registration Management Information System (SIMREG) and datasets from Central Statistics Bureau (BPS) during 2008-2017. Main findings of this research indicates that (i) unemployment rate has positive but insignificant impact on poverty rate; (ii) human development index has positive and significant impact on poverty rate.

Keywords: Unemployment Rate; Human Development Index (HDI); Poverty.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE DISAPPEARANCE OF SPANISH MUTUAL FUNDS
Authors: Barberà-Mariné M. Glòria , Fabregat-Aibar Laura , Terceño Antonio
Published: February 2020

This paper analyses which variables influence the disappearance of mutual funds in the Spanish market and whether these variables vary depending on the investment objectives. The following variables are tested: age, size, investment flows, return, volatility, Sharpe ratio, Morningstar rating, and fund family. The Kaplan-Meier estimator and an extension of the Cox model, the Andersen-Gill model are used and the results indicate that the impact of some variables on survival capacity is different depending on the fund’s investment objectives. The originality of this article is twofold. The analysis of disappearance takes the investment objectives of the mutual funds into account and a new variable, the Morningstar rating, is introduced. Moreover, no previous study examines survival capacity in the Spanish market according to different investment objectives. In Spain, mutual funds are highly concentrated because most of them are in the hands of a small number of banks who also control the country’s largest fund families. This characteristic not only makes the Spanish market an interesting one for analysis, but it also means that the results of this paper are significant for mutual fund investors.
Dynamics of Planetary Systems within Star Clusters: Aspects of the Solar System’s Early Evolution
Authors: Batygin Konstantin , Adams Fred C. , Batygin Yuri K. , Petigura Erik A.
Published: February 2020

Most planetary systems—including our own—are born within stellar clusters, where interactions with neighboring stars can help shape the system architecture. This paper develops an orbit-averaged formalism to characterize the cluster’s mean-field effects, as well as the physics of long-period stellar encounters. Our secular approach allows for an analytic description of the dynamical consequences of the cluster environment on its constituent planetary systems. We analyze special cases of the resulting Hamiltonian, corresponding to eccentricity evolution driven by planar encounters, as well as hyperbolic perturbations upon dissipative disks. We subsequently apply our results to the early evolution of our solar system, where the cluster’s collective potential perturbs the solar system’s plane, and stellar encounters act to increase the velocity dispersion of the Kuiper Belt. Our results are twofold. First, we find that cluster effects can alter the mean plane of the solar system by ≲1° and are thus insufficient to explain the ψ ≈ 6° obliquity of the Sun. Second, we delineate the extent to which stellar flybys excite the orbital dispersion of the cold classical Kuiper Belt and show that while stellar flybys may grow the cold belt’s inclination by the observed amount, the resulting distribution is incompatible with the data. Correspondingly, our calculations place an upper limit on the product of the stellar number density and residence time of the Sun in its birth cluster, η
τ ≲ 2 × 104 Myr pc−3.
Star Formation in Isolated Dwarf Galaxies Hosting Tidal Debris: Extending the Dwarf–Dwarf Merger Sequence
Authors: Kado-Fong Erin , Greene Jenny E. , Greco Johnny P. , Beaton Rachael , Goulding Andy D. , Johnson Sean D. , Komiyama Yutaka
Published: February 2020

Like massive galaxies, dwarf galaxies are expected to undergo major mergers with other dwarfs. However, the end state of these mergers and the role that merging plays in regulating dwarf star formation are uncertain. Using imaging from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program, we construct a sample of dwarf–dwarf mergers and examine the star formation and host properties of the merging systems. These galaxies are selected via an automated detection algorithm from a sample of 6875 spectroscopically selected isolated dwarf galaxies at z < 0.12 and

from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly and Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopic campaigns. We find a total tidal feature detection fraction of 3.29% (6.1% when considering only galaxies at z < 0.05). The tidal feature detection fraction rises strongly as a function of star formation activity; 15%–20% of galaxies with extremely high Hα equivalent width (Hα EW > 250 Å) show signs of tidal debris. Galaxies that host tidal debris are also systematically bluer than the average galaxy at fixed stellar mass. These findings extend the observed dwarf–dwarf merger sequence with a significant sample of dwarf galaxies, indicating that star formation triggered in mergers between dwarf galaxies continues after coalescence.
The SunPy Project: Open Source Development and Status of the Version 1.0 Core Package
Authors:   The SunPy Community, Barnes Will T. , Bobra Monica G. , Christe Steven D. , Freij Nabil , Hayes Laura A. , Ireland Jack , Mumford Stuart , Perez-Suarez David , Ryan Daniel F. , Shih Albert Y. ,   (Primary Paper Contributors), Chanda Prateek , Glogowski Kolja , Hewett Russell , Hughitt V. Keith , Hill Andrew , Hiware Kaustubh , Inglis Andrew , Kirk Michael S. F. , Konge Sudarshan , Mason James Paul , Maloney Shane Anthony , Murray Sophie A. , Panda Asish , Park Jongyeob , Pereira Tiago M. D. , Reardon Kevin , Savage Sabrina , Sipőcz Brigitta M. , Stansby David , Jain Yash , Taylor Garrison , Yadav Tannmay , Rajul  , Dang Trung Kien ,   (Sunpy Contributors)
Published: February 2020

The goal of the SunPy project is to facilitate and promote the use and development of community-led, free, and open source data analysis software for solar physics based on the scientific Python environment. The project achieves this goal by developing and maintaining the sunpy core package and supporting an ecosystem of affiliated packages. This paper describes the first official stable release (version 1.0) of the core package, as well as the project organization and infrastructure. This paper concludes with a discussion of the future of the SunPy project.
Mars: Quantitative Evaluation of Crocus Melting behind Boulders
Authors: Schorghofer Norbert
Published: February 2020

The possibility of liquid water on present-day Mars has been debated for half a century. Melting is physically difficult under Martian environmental conditions, because with the total pressure of the atmosphere near the triple point pressure of water, evaporative cooling of ice is high near the melting point. Here, a suite of quantitative models is used to investigate whether melting of seasonal water frost can occur on present-day Mars. An updated and generalized parameterization is derived for the turbulent convective heat flux that results from the buoyancy of water vapor. A three-dimensional surface energy balance model is used to calculate surface temperatures; it includes terrain shadowing, self heating, and subsurface conduction. Protruding topography creates locations that experience a rapid transition from conditions where water frost accumulates to high solar energy input. Beyond the pole-facing side of a boulder, CO2 and

 frost can accumulate seasonally, and once the Sun reemerges and the CO2 frost disappears, the water frost is heated to near melting temperature within one or two sols. Dust contained in the CO2 frost facilitates the formation of a protective sublimation lag. Temperatures within about 10 K of the melting point are reached within one or two sols after the end of water frost accumulation. For expected sublimation lag thicknesses, evaporative cooling is not significantly reduced. Overall, melting of pure water ice is not expected under present-day Mars conditions. However, at temperatures that are readily reached, seasonal water frost can melt on a salt-rich substrate. Hence, crocus melting behind boulders can lead to the formation of brines under present-day Mars conditions.
The Explosion of Helium Stars Evolved with Mass Loss
Authors: Ertl T. , Woosley S. E. , Sukhbold Tuguldur , Janka H.-T.
Published: February 2020

Light curves, explosion energies, and remnant masses are calculated for a grid of supernovae resulting from massive helium stars that have been evolved including mass loss. These presupernova stars should approximate the results of binary evolution for stars in interacting systems that lose their envelopes close to the time of helium core ignition. Initial helium star masses are in the range 2.5–40 M
⊙, which corresponds to main-sequence masses of about 13–90 M
⊙. Common SNe Ib and Ic result from stars whose final masses are approximately 2.5–5.6 M
⊙. For heavier stars, a large fraction of collapses lead to black holes, though there is an island of explodability for presupernova masses near 10 M
⊙. The median neutron star mass in binaries is 1.35–1.38 M
⊙, and the median black hole mass is between 9 and 11 M
⊙. Even though black holes less massive than 5 M
⊙ are rare, they are predicted down to the maximum neutron star mass. There is no empty “gap,” only a less populated mass range. For standard assumptions regarding the explosions and nucleosynthesis, the models predict light curves that are fainter than the brighter common SNe Ib and Ic. Even with a very liberal but physically plausible increase in 56Ni production, the highest-energy models are fainter than 1042.6 erg s−1 at peak, and very few approach that limit. The median peak luminosity ranges from 1042.0 to 1042.3 erg s−1. Possible alternatives to the standard neutrino-powered and radioactive-illuminated models are explored. Magnetars are a promising alternative. Several other unusual varieties of SNe I at both high and low mass are explored.
Evolution of the Accretion Disk–Corona during the Bright Hard-to-soft State Transition: A Reflection Spectroscopic Study with GX 339–4
Authors: Sridhar Navin , García Javier A. , Steiner James F. , Connors Riley M. T. , Grinberg Victoria , Harrison Fiona A.
Published: February 2020

We present the analysis of several observations of the black hole binary GX 339–4 during its bright intermediate states from two different outbursts (2002 and 2004), as observed by the RXTE/Proportional Counter Array. We perform a consistent study of its reflection spectrum by employing the relxill family of relativistic reflection models to probe the evolutionary properties of the accretion disk including the inner disk radius (R
in), ionization parameter (ξ), temperatures of the inner disk (T
in), corona (kT
e), and its optical depth (τ). Our analysis indicates that the disk inner edge approaches the innermost stable circular orbit during the early onset of the bright hard state, and that the truncation radius of the disk remains low (<9 R
g) throughout the transition from hard to soft state. This suggests that the changes observed in the accretion disk properties during the state transition are driven by variation in accretion rate, and not necessarily due to changes in the inner disk’s radius. We compare the aforementioned disk properties in two different outbursts with state transitions occurring at dissimilar luminosities and find identical evolutionary trends in the disk properties, with differences only seen in the corona’s kT
e and τ. We also perform an analysis by employing a self-consistent Comptonized accretion disk model accounting for the scatter of disk photons by the corona, and measure the low inner disk truncation radius across the bright intermediate states, using the temperature-dependent values of the spectral hardening factor, thereby independently confirming our results from the reflection analysis.
Application of Convolutional Neural Networks to Identify Stellar Feedback Bubbles in CO Emission
Authors: Xu Duo , Offner Stella S. R. , Gutermuth Robert , Oort Colin Van
Published: February 2020

We adopt the deep learning method called the Convolutional Approach to Shell Identification (casi) and extend it to 3D (casi-3d) to identify signatures of stellar feedback in molecular line spectra. We use magnetohydrodynamics simulations modeling the impact of stellar winds in a turbulent molecular cloud to generate synthetic 13CO (J = 1 − 0) observations. We train two casi-3d models: ME1 predicts only the position of feedback, while MF predicts the fraction of the mass coming from feedback in each voxel. We adopt 75% of the synthetic observations as the training set and assess the accuracy of the two models with the remaining data. Both models identify bubbles in simulated data within 5% error. We use bubbles previously visually identified in Taurus in 13CO to validate the models and show that both perform well on the highest confidence bubbles. Models ME1 and MF predict total feedback gas mass of 2894 M
⊙ and 302 M
⊙, respectively. After correcting for missing energy due to the limited velocity range, model ME1 predicts feedback kinetic energies of 4.0 × 1046 erg and 1.5 × 1047 erg with and without subtracting the cloud velocity gradient. Model MF predicts feedback kinetic energies of 9.6 × 1045 erg and 2.8 × 1046 erg with and without subtracting the cloud velocity gradient. Model ME1 predicts bubble locations and properties consistent with previous visual identifications. However, model MF demonstrates that feedback properties computed using visual identifications significantly overestimate feedback impact, due to line-of-sight confusion and contamination from background and foreground gas.
Are Faint Supernovae Responsible for Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars?
Authors: Komiya Yutaka , Suda Takuma , Yamada Shimako , Fujimoto Masayuki Y.
Published: February 2020

Mixing and fallback models in faint supernova models are supposed to reproduce the abundance patterns of observed carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars in the Galactic halo. A fine-tuning of the model parameters for individual stars is required to reproduce the observed ratios of carbon to iron. We focus on extremely metal-poor stars formed out of the ejecta from the mixing and fallback models using a chemical evolution model. Our chemical evolution models take into account the contribution of individual stars to chemical enrichment in host halos, together with their evolution in the context of the hierarchical clustering. Parameterized models of mixing and fallback models for Population III faint supernovae are implemented in the chemical evolution models with merger trees to reproduce the observed CEMP stars. A variety of choices for model parameters on star formation and metal pollution by faint supernovae are unable to reproduce the observed stars with

and

, which are the majority of CEMP stars among the lowest-metallicity stars. Only possible solution is to form stars from small ejecta mass, which produces an inconsistent metallicity distribution function. We conclude that not all the CEMP stars are explicable by the mixing and fallback models. We also tested the contribution of binary mass transfers from AGB stars that are also supposed to reproduce the abundances of known CEMP stars. This model reasonably reproduces the distribution of carbon and iron abundances simultaneously only if we assume that long-period binaries are favored at

.
Deep XMM-Newton Observations Reveal the Origin of Recombining Plasma in the Supernova Remnant W44
Authors: Okon Hiromichi , Tanaka Takaaki , Uchida Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Hiroya , Tsuru Takeshi Go , Seta Masumichi , Smith Randall K. , Yoshiike Satoshi , Orlando Salvatore , Bocchino Fabrizio , Miceli Marco
Published: February 2020

Recent X-ray studies have revealed overionized recombining plasmas in a dozen mixed-morphology (MM) supernova remnants (SNRs). However, the physical process of the overionization has not yet been fully understood. Here we report on spatially resolved spectroscopy of X-ray emission from W44, one of the overionized MM SNRs, using XMM-Newton data from deep observations, with the aim of clarifying the physical origin of the overionization. We find that combination of low electron temperature and low recombination timescale is achieved in the region interacting with dense molecular clouds. Moreover, a clear anticorrelation between the electron temperature and the recombination timescale is obtained from each of the regions with and without the molecular clouds. The results are well explained if the plasma was overionized by rapid cooling through thermal conduction with the dense clouds hit by the blast wave of W44. Given that a few other overionized SNRs show evidence for adiabatic expansion as the major driver of the rapid cooling, our new result indicates that both processes can contribute to overionization in SNRs, with the dominant channel depending on the evolutionary stage.
Mechanisms for Limiting the Depth of Zonal Winds in the Gas Giant Planets
Authors: Christensen Ulrich R. , Wicht Johannes , Dietrich Wieland
Published: February 2020

Gravity signatures observed by the Juno and Cassini missions that are associated with the strong zonal winds in Jupiter’s and Saturn’s outer envelopes suggest that these flows extend for several thousand kilometers into the interior. It has been noted that the winds seem to abate at a depth where electrical conductivity becomes significant, suggesting that electromagnetic effects play a key role for confining the winds to the outer weakly conducting region. Here, we explore the possible mechanisms for braking the zonal flow at depth in two model setups with depth-dependent conductivity and forced jet flow, i.e., in axisymmetric shell models and in more simple linearized box models that allow the exploration of a wide parameter range. Braking of the winds directly by Lorentz forces does not reduce their speed in the conducting region enough to be compatible with the inferred secular variation of Jupiter’s field. Stable stratification above the depth where conductivity becomes significant can solve the problem. Electromagnetic forces drive a weak meridional circulation that perturbs the density distribution in the stable region such that the wind speed decreases strongly with depth, due to a thermal wind balance. For this mechanism to be effective, the stable layer must extend upward into a region of low conductivity. Applying the results of the linearized calculations to Jupiter suggests that the dissipation associated with the zonal winds can be limited to a fraction of the internal heat flow and that the jets may drop off over a depth range of 150–300 km.
Astrophysical Limits on Very Light Axion-like Particles from Chandra Grating Spectroscopy of NGC 1275
Authors: Reynolds Christopher S. , David Marsh M. C. , R. Russell Helen , Fabian Andrew C. , Smith Robyn , Tombesi Francesco , Veilleux Sylvain
Published: February 2020

Axions/axion-like particles (ALPs) are a well-motivated extension of the Standard Model and are generic within String Theory. The X-ray transparency of the intracluster medium (ICM) in galaxy clusters is a powerful probe of light ALPs (with mass

); as X-ray photons from an embedded or background source propagate through the magnetized ICM, they may undergo energy-dependent quantum mechanical conversion into ALPs (and vice versa), imprinting distortions on the X-ray spectrum. We present Chandra data for the active galactic nucleus NGC 1275 at the center of the Perseus cluster. Employing a 490 ks High Energy Transmission Gratings exposure, we obtain a high-quality 1–9 keV spectrum free from photon pileup and ICM contamination. Apart from iron-band features, the spectrum is described by a power-law continuum, with any spectral distortions at the <3% level. We compute photon survival probabilities as a function of ALP mass m

a
and ALP-photon coupling constant

for an ensemble of ICM magnetic field models, and then use the NGC 1275 spectrum to constrain the

-plane. Marginalizing over magnetic field realizations, the 99.7% credible region limits the ALP-photon coupling to

(depending upon magnetic field model) for masses

. These are the most stringent limit to date on

for these light ALPs, and have already reached the sensitivity limits of next-generation helioscopes and light-shining-through-wall experiments. We highlight the potential of these studies with the next-generation X-ray observatories Athena and Lynx, but note the critical importance of advances in relative calibration of these future X-ray spectrometers.