bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant cell lesions of the jaws: evaluation of nucleolar organizer regions in lesions of varying behavior
Authors: Whitaker S. B. , Vigneswaran N. , Budnick S. D. , Waldron C. A.
Published: April 2006

To examine whether giant cell lesions of the jaws (GCL) of varying behavior could be separated histologically, a number of GCL were studied using the AgNOR staining technique for nucleolar organizer regions. The mean AgNOR count of mononuclear cells from recurrent lesions (1.73 ± 0.15) was slightly higher than that of the aggressive lesions (1.54 ± 0.21) and much higher than that of the non‐aggressive/non‐recurrent lesions (1.33 ± 0.14). Similarly, the mean AgNOR count of the multinucleate giant cells of the recurrent lesions (1.52 ± 0.14) was slightly higher than that of aggressive lesions (1.34 ± 0.092) and much higher than that of non‐aggressive/non‐recurrent lesions (1.26 ± 0.05). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the mean number of AgNORS of recurrent lesions and non‐recurrent/non‐aggressive ones in both the mononuclear and multinuclear population (p<0.05).
Immunohistochemical localization of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in calcifying fibrous epulis
Authors: Lianjia Yang , Yan Jin , Doi Tatsuko , Sekine Ichiro , Ogawa Kazuhiro , Moril Masahiko
Published: April 2006

Immunohistochemical detection of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in calcifying fibrous epulis was performed to elucidate the biological process of ossification and cemento‐ossification. In a total 25 cases, 15 (60%) showed positive BMP staining in bone forming areas. Histopathological features of developing hard tissues were varied, consisting of structures such as woven bone and cemento‐osseous formations. BMP immunostaining was limited to osteoblasts and fibrous connective tissue surrounding the bone matrix. BMP was concentrated in the periodontal fibres and in dense fibrous structures in the cemento‐osseous masses. On the basis of histopathological and immunohistochemical features, the histogenesis of ossifying and cemento‐ossifying processes appear to be of two possible origins; the excessive proliferation of periodontal ligament and a meta‐plastic process occurring in the connective tissue fibres (non‐periodontal in origin), with the former being more common.
Ultrastructure of wound healing following direct pulp capping with calcium‐β‐glycerophosphate (Ca‐BGP)
Authors: Imai M. , Hayashi Y.
Published: April 2006

Tissue changes in rat incisors after direct pulp capping with calcium‐β‐glycerophosphate (Ca‐BGP) have been studied using light and electron microscopy. Immediately after pulp capping, Ca‐BGP was converted to hydroxyapatite (HAP) at the cavity floor. At Day 1, the exposure site was covered with Ca‐BGP‐mediated mineralized tissue. Osteodentine had developed below this mineralized tissue at Day 3. Matrix vesicles (MV) were observed in the extracellular matrix between large cells and osteodentine. At Day 5, tubular dentine was observed below the osteodentine. Three days after the application of Ca(OH), in a control experiment, osteodentine had formed below the necrotic zone; however, tubular dentine was not observed at Day 5. These findings suggest that the applied Ca‐BGP might be the source of Ca and inorganic phosphate (Pi) through hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and that Ca‐BGP‐mediated mineralized tissue induces the early formation of tubular dentine.
The prevalence of oral candidiasis in HIV‐infected individuals and dental attenders in Edinburgh
Authors: Felix David H. , Wray David
Published: April 2006

This study prospectively assessed the prevalence of oral candidal carriage and oral candidiasis in known HIV‐seropositive individuals (n = 121) and other dental attenders in Edinburgh (n = 614). Candida species were isolated from 57.4% of dental attenders and 93.4% of HIV‐seropositive subjects. Clinical evidence of oral candidiasis was observed in 6% and 52%) of these groups respectively, erythema‐tous forms of candidiasis being the commonest in both groups.
Oral cancer development in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Barnard N. A. , Scully C. , Eveson J. W. , Cunningham S. , Porter S. R.
Published: April 2006

There has been considerable controversy as to whether oral lichen planus (LP) has a premalignant potential. This study retrospectively examined the records of 241 British patients with histologically confirmed LP seen during the 10‐year period 1982–92. Nine patients (3.7%) were known to have developed well‐differentiated invasive carcinoma or carcinoma in situ in an area of LP. Most carcinomas at presentation were in areas of atrophic and/or erosive LP, 6 were in patients older than 65 years, and 6 were on the tongue. The results support a small but clinically important premalignant potential for LP.
Ultrastructural finding of vascular degeneration in myositis ossificans circumscripta (fibrodysplasia ossificans)
Authors: EI‐Labban N. G. , Hopper C. , Barber P.
Published: April 2006

A case of myositis ossificans circumscripta (fibrodysplasia ossificans) of the masseter muscle has been studied ultrastructurally. It showed atrophy of muscle fibres with deranged myofilaments, adjacent to dense fibrous tissue, osteoid and bone. A large number of the cells found in the dense fibrous tissue showed vacuolation and separation of membrane bound vesicles similar to matrix vesicles released by chondroblasts and osteoblasts during calcification. It is possible that, as in normal calcification of bone, these vesicles are responsible for initiating calcification in the ectopic bone found in the present condition. It was also shown that most of the blood vessel found in the blocks examined exhibited various degrees of degenerative changes. The finding of arterial occlusion together with capillary degeneration suggests that the main changes in myositis ossificans circumscripta may be those affecting blood vessels leading to ischaemic muscle atrophy. The fibrosis and ossification that follow are probably secondary changes.
Pathology of intraoral sebaceous glands
Authors: Daley Tom
Published: April 2006

Large clinical studies have shown that intraoral sebaceous glands are present in 70 to 95% of the population. In many individuals these small white to yellow macules and papules are so numerous that they dominate the buccal mucosa. Despite their prevalence, pathological changes of these glands are considered uncommon. This paper reviews the pathologic spectrum of intraoral sebaceous glands including Demodex infestation, cystic lesions, sebaceous hyperplasia and neoplastic lesions. New data is presented on the true sebaceous cyst and the second reported case of intraoral steatocystoma simplex is documented.
Comparing flow cytometric analysis and nucleolar organizer region enumeration in archival oral premalignant lesions
Authors: Kahn M. A. , Mincer H. H. , Dockter M. E. , Hermann‐Petrin J. M.
Published: April 2006

Flow cytometric analysis (FCA) and silver colloidal nucleolar organizer region‐associated protein staining (AgNOR) have been used individually in assessing the histopathologic nature of various human tumors. However, few researchers have investigated the relationship between the two techniques in a single series. In a retrospective study, we examined 36 premalignant lesions of the oral cavity by FCA and AgNOR on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue submitted to the University of Tennessee, Memphis, oral pathology laboratory. Three categories of epithelial dysplasia were represented (9 mild. 9 moderate, 6 severe), as well as four epithelial hyperplasias without dysplasia, three squamous cell carcinomas, and five fibrous nodules as controls. Parameters recorded for each case included age. race, gender, site, light microscopic diagnosis (LMD). DNA index (DI), total proliferative index (TPI), S‐phase (S), range of nucleolar organizer regions (RNOR), and mean number of nucleolar organizer regions (MNOR). The average maximum nucleolar organizer region count (AMXNOR) for each LMD category was also calculated. The objective of the study was to determine if FCA or AgNOR aided in the subjective LMD of oral premalignant lesions and if the parameters recorded for the specimens exhibited any positive correlation. The FCA results indicated an abnormal DI in 6 of the 24 dysplastic lesions. A positive partial correlation was seen between DI and MNOR (r = 0.434: P<0.012) and TPI and S (r = 0.774; P < 0.0001), holding gender and race constant. Additionally, the AMXNOR exhibited a slight tendency to increase for each increasing grade of dysplasia but this could not be confirmed statistically. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between FCA and AgNOR but that neither FCA nor AgNOR were a diagnostic aid in grading oral mucosal dysplasia.
Detection of Epstein‐Barr virus and human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in hairy leukoplakia by in situ hybridisation and the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Felix D. H. , Jalal H. , Cubie H. A. , Southam J. C. , Wray D. , Maitland N. J. , Felix D. H.
Published: April 2006

Demonstration of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is considered desirable for the accurate diagnosis of hairy leukoplakia (HL). Previous studies have reported possible associations with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection although this is not a universal finding. Presence of EBV and HPV 16 was examined in biopsy specimens from 18 cases of HL and ten control specimens by in situ hybridisation using digoxigenin‐labellcd synthetic oligonucleotide probes and by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of EBV was demonstrated in 12 cases by both techniques. Of the remaining six cases EBV could be detected in three by in situ hybridisation but not by PCR; EBV was not detected by either method in a further three cases. All samples were negative for HPV 16 by both techniques under conditions of high stringency, although when stringency of in situ hybridisation was reduced, four samples appeared to harbour HPV DNA sequences. This study provides further evidence to support the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of HL and suggests that HPV 16 is not regularly encountered.
Cartilage in the walls of odontogenic keratocysts
Authors: Kratochvil Frank J. , Brannon Robert B.
Published: April 2006

Only one histologically documented case of cartilage in the wall of an odontogenic keratocyst has been reported in the English language literature. Four new cases are presented with the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features described. To our knowledge this finding has not been reported in association with any other type of odontogenic cyst.
Odontogenic squamous cell carcinoma with osseous metaplasia
Authors: Bennett J. H. , Jones J. , Speight P. M.
Published: April 2006

Intra‐osseous carcinomas of the jaw are rare tumours, thought to arise from residual elements of the odontogenic epithelium. We report an additional case which, unusually, was characterised by marked osseous metaplasia. We propose that the new bone formed around the tumour is the result of an epithelial‐mesenchymal interaction between malignant odontogenic epithelium and osteogenic precursor cells in the surrounding stroma.
Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus involving the oral mucosa: report of two cases
Authors: Schulten E. A. J. M. , Starink Th. M. , van der Waal I.
Published: April 2006

Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) is a relatively rare dermatosis of unknown etiology. The disease is clinically characterized by white, macular lesions on the skin, and is usually associated with an atrophic condition affecting the vulva and peri‐anal skin. Involvement of the oral mucosa with or without concurrent genital or skin lesions has been reported only occasionally in the literature. In the present paper two new cases of oral LSA are presented, which were, in fact, the only manifestation of the disease. Furthermore, the epidemiologic, etiologic, clinical and histopathologic aspects of oral LSA are discussed.
Non‐calcifying Pindborg tumor with Langerhans cells
Authors: Takata T. , Ogawa I. , Miyauchi M. , Ijuhin N. , Nikai H. , Fujita M.
Published: April 2006

A rare case of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) devoid of calcification is reported with histochemical, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. The tumor occurred intraosseously in the left maxillary canine and premolar region of a 58‐year‐old man. The tumor chiefly consisted of scattered small islands of epithelial cells in an abundant fibromyxoid connective tissue stroma. Among the nests, there were many spherical bodies of eosinophilic substance for which non‐AA amyloid and non‐keratin or basal lamina‐like natures were demonstrated histochemically and immunohistochemically. In some nests, there were a few, occasionally several, cells positive for S‐100 protein. Ultrastructurally, Langerhans cells with indented nuclei and Birbeck's granules were seen among tumor cells. The prognostic significance of the paucity of calcification and the presence of Langerhans cells in CEOT of which this is only the second description is discussed.
PCNA and Ki‐67 immunoreactivity in multinucleated cells of giant cell fibroma and peripheral giant cell granuloma
Authors: Mighell Alan J. , Robinson Philip A. , Hume Wiliam J.
Published: April 2006

Immunohistochemical investigation of PCNA and Ki‐67, two diverse nuclear proteins essential to the cell cycle, was undertaken in archival, formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded specimens of giant cell fibroma (GCF) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG). GCF multinucleated cell nuclei were mostly PCNA+, although there was variability in staining intensity. This indicates heterogeneity in nuclear PCNA metabolism of GCF multinucleated cells, and it is possible that the most intensely stained nuclei have passed through the cell cycle more recently compared to the less immunoreactive nuclei. However, the absence of Ki‐67 immunoreactivity in GCF multinucleated cells, and absence of mitoses in GCF multinucleated cells, suggests that cell cycling in the absence of cytokinesis is not involved in GCF multinucleated cell formation. Alternatively, GCF multinucleated cells possibly form by fusion of mononuclear cells previously identified as fibroblasts, although this theory cannot be confirmed by the data presented in this study, and the histogenesis of GCF multinucleated cells remains unclear. In contrast, absence of either PCNA or Ki‐67 immunoreactivity in PGCG multinucleated cells is consistent with an osteoclast lineage and formation from differentiated mononuclear cells.
Morphometric investigation of condylar cartilage and disc thickness in the human temporomandibular joint: significance for the definition of ostearthrotic changes
Authors: Stratmann Udo , Schaarschmidt Klaus , Santamaria Pablo
Published: April 2006

106 human TMJ specimens from 53 individuals (age: 65–85 years) were examined macro‐ and microscopically and measured for discal and condylar cartilage thickness at five points defined on a mediolateral axis along the middle dense pan of the disc. 27% of the discs showed lateral and laterocentral perforations. In 8% the lateral portion was thinned down to a translucent layer. 62% showed no gross destruction or deviation in shape and thickness. The remaining 3% displayed extensive destruction and their condyles were osteoarthrotic. All discs showed a significant decrease in thickness from their medial towards their lateral portions. The condyles displayed either a smooth articular surface (16%) or an irregular and progressively remodelled surface (81%) with histologically normal fibrocartilage. The condylar cartilage did not show a significant gradient of thickness in amediolateral direction. The results support our previously developed working hypothesis, that the joint is seemingly loaded along its entire articular surface and that a lateral disc perforation in older individuals can be due to a physiological process of wearing rather than to a pathological sequel of functional disorders.
Prognostic value of oral candidosis and hairy leukoplakia in 111 Mexican HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Ramírez‐Amador Velia A. , Esquivel‐Pedraza Lilly , Ponce de León Sergio , Ponce de León Samuel
Published: April 2006

A follow‐up study was carried out to evaluate the prognostic value of hairy leukoplakia (HL) and oral candidosis (OC) in a cohort of 111 asymptomatic Mexican HIV infected patients. Oral exams were performed at baseline and every 6 months, from September 1989 to March 1994. Chi‐square contingency table test, the Kruskall‐Wallis one‐way analysis of variance, the Kaplan‐Meier product‐limit method and the log rank test were used for the analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazards analysis were also performed. Fifty‐four patients (51%) progressed to AIDS (initially 36 CDC‐II and 18 CDC‐III). Individuals with HL and/or OC, showed faster development to AIDS than subjects without lesions or other HIV‐related manifestations (P=0.008). The presence of OC, HL or both always remained significant despite adjustment for total lymphocytes, CDC stage, zidovudine therapy or its combinations. Oral lesions in HIV infection may be regarded with other clinical and laboratory studies as markers of HIV disease progression and as indicators to begin antiretroviral treatment.
Human cytomegalovirus as a potential etiologic agent in recurrent aphthous ulcers and Behçet's disease
Authors: Sun A. , Chang J.‐G. , Kao C.‐L. , Liu B.‐Y. , Wang J.‐T. , Chu C.‐T. , Yuan J. H. , Chiang C.‐P.
Published: April 2006

In a preliminary study on anti‐human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antibody (Ab) by ELISA. the serum anti‐HCMV/IgG Ab concentrations in 22 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) in the remission stage were found to be significantly higher than in 22 control subjects (121±42 vs 100±27, P<0.05) and in 39 patients with RAU in the active stage (121±42 vs 88±45, P<0.01). Therefore, the potential of HCMV as an etiologic agent in RAU was proposed and studies using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) have been performed to investigate the possible presence of HCMV DNA in pre‐ulcerative oral aphthous lesions in patients with RAU or Behçet's disease (BD) of the mucocutaneous type. For this purpose, formalin‐fixed biopsy specimens were obtained from 13 pre‐ulcerative oral aphthous lesions, 2 samples of normal oral mucosa and 1 ileal mucosal lesion from 9 RAU patients and 4 BD patients. Five specimens of normal oral mucosa from 5 normal control subjects and 12 specimens of oral erosive or ulcerative lesions from 12 patients with erosive lichen planus (ELP) were also included. By PCR, HCMV DNA was detected in 5 of the 13 (38.5%) pre‐ulcerative oral aphthous lesions. 3 from RAU patients and 2 from BD patients. The ileal mucosa specimen was also HCMV DNA‐positive, whereas HCMV DNA was not demonstrated in any of the 7 specimens of normal oral mucosa from RAU patients and normal control subjects; 12 specimens of oral lesions from ELP patients were similarly negative. ISH did not detect HCMV DNA in any of the biopsy specimens from RAU patients and control subjects. Our findings suggest that HCMV may be an etiologic agent in some cases of RAU and BD.
Is there a role for tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in oral lichen planus?
Authors: Sugermann P. B. , Savage N. W. , Seymour G. J. , Walsh L. J.
Published: April 2006

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell‐mediated inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. T lymphocytes accumulate within OLP lesions by extravasation from the local microvasculature and subsequent migration to the oral epithelium. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is a cytokine involved primarily in T cell‐mediated immunopathological reactions, and it is implicated in diseases which bear clinical and histological similarities to OLP. This review examines the role of TNF‐α in the initiation and progression of OLP, and summarises evidence for a key role for TNF‐α in this disease. A unifying hypothesis for the involvement of TNF‐α in the immunopathogenesis of OLP is presented. Based on this model, a variety of current therapies are explained and several alternative approaches suggested.
IL‐1β mRNA as the predominant inflammatory cytokine transcript‐correlation with inflammatory cell infiltration into human gingiva
Authors: Tokoro Yukio , Yamamoto Tadashi , Hara Kohji
Published: April 2006

Expression of mRNA for IL–α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in inflamed gingiva was quantitatively examined by ribonuclease protection assay and in situ hybridization. The IL‐1β mRNA expression level was statistically high (P<0.05) in periodontitis‐affected tissues compared with that in gingivitis‐affected tissues. The densities of macrophages (identified as CD68‐positive cells) and CD45RO‐positive cells infiltrating in the inflamed gingiva correlated statistically with IL‐1β transcript levels (macrophages. P<0.001: CD45RO‐positive cells, P<0.002). In situ hybridization revealed IL‐1β mRNA expression in infiltrating cells, presumed to be macrophages. The IL‐1α and IL‐6 mRNA expression levels were much lower than the IL‐1β transcript level, and mRNAs for IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5 and TNF‐α were negligible in these gingival tissues. The results indicate that IL‐1β is a cytokine expressed predominantly in inflamed gingiva and reflects the density of infiltrating macrophages and other leukocytes.
Toombak‐associated oral mucosal lesions in Sudanese show a low prevalence of epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Idris A. M. , Warnakulasuriya K. A. A. S. , Ibrahim Y. E. , Nielsen R. , Cooper D. , Johnson N. W.
Published: April 2006

Clinical (n=281) and histopathological (n=141) characteristics of toombak‐associated oral mucosal lesions detected in an epidemiological study in northern Sudan in 1992/93 are described. The lesional site in the majority of toombak users was the anterior lower labial groove and the lower labial mucosa. 4 degrees (1–4) of clinical severity of lesions, similar to those used to characterise Swedish snuff‐dipper's lesion, were applied. An association between the severity of mucosal lesions and a longer lifetime duration (>10 years) of toombak use was found, but the severity was not related to the daily frequency of the habit. Parakeratosis, pale surface staining of the epithelium and basal cell hyperplasia were commonly observed, but epithelial dysplasia was infrequent (10/141). The most significant observation was a PAS‐positive amorphous deposit between the lamina propria and the submucosa, found in 25/141 biopsies. The clinical and histopathological features of toombak lesions are closely similar to Swedish moist snuff‐dipper's lesions and this may reflect the high alkalinity of these products, resulting in an alkaline burn on the oral mucosa following chronic exposure. The low prevalence of epithelial dysplasia implies a low risk of malignant transformation. Nevertheless, the high concentrations of tobacco‐specific nitrosamines present in toombak, and the high prevalence of oral cancer in Sudan, mandate biopsy and careful histopathological analysis of any such lesions detected in habitues.
A case‐control study of oral cancer in Changhua County, Taiwan
Authors: Lu Chun‐Tai , Yen Yea‐Yin , Ho Ching‐Sung , Ko Ying‐Chin , Tsai Chi‐Cheng , Hsieh Chung‐Cheng , Lan Shou‐Jen
Published: April 2006

Forty oral cancer patients identified consecutively in Changhua Christian Hospital between 1990 and 1992 were compared with 160 population‐based controls, matched for sex, age, area of residence, and educational background. Betel quid chewing was positively associated with the risk of oral cancer with an adjusted odds ratio of 58.4 (95% CI: 7.6–447.6). The greater the number of years of chewing betel quid, the higher the risk of oral cancer; the adjusted odds rations were 12.9, 93.7 and 397.5 for <21, 21–40, and >40 years of betel chewing as compared with the non‐users. The risk also increased with the quantity chewed per day; the odds ratios for those chewing <10, 10–20 and >20 quids/day were 26.4, 51.2 and 275.6, respectively. These odds ratio estimates were all statistically significantly different from the null value of unity.
p53 expression in odontogenic keratocyst epithelium
Authors: Li Tie‐Jun , Browne Roger M. , Prime Stephen S. , Paterson Ian C. , Matthews John B.
Published: April 2006

The expression of p53 protein was studied in odontogenic keratocysts (OKC, 11 solitary, 5 recurrent and 6 NBCCS cysts), radicular (RC, n=5) and dentigerous (DC, n=5) cysts, using a panel of antibodies to p53 (clone BP53‐12, clone 1801 and polyclonal CM1) and a sensitive biotin‐streptavidin method on paraffin embedded sections. Of the three antibodies tested, clone BP53‐12 gave the most intense and consistent nuclear staining pattern. Clone 1801 and polyclonal CM1 stained only 38% and 71% OKC linings, respectively, but not RC and DC linings. However, BP53‐12+ cells were detected in the epithelial linings of all cyst types. Quantification of BP53‐12+ cells was performed by manual counting and by relating cell number to unit length of basement membrane as determined by TV image analysis. BP53‐12+ cell counts in solitary OKC linings (25.5 ± 11.0 cells/mmBM) were significantly greater than those in DC (9.3 ± 4.9 cells/mmBM, P<0.01) and RC (6.7 ±2.6 cells/mmmBM. P<0.01) linings. The epithelial distribution of positive cells in OKC was predominantly suprabasal, which also varied from that of DC and RC linings (P<0.005). There were no detectable differences in BP53‐12 reactivity between the different subtypes of OKC (i.e., solitary, recurrent and NBCCS‐associated OKC: P>0.1). When data for the NBCCS‐related OKC group were excluded, there was a significant correlation (r=0.55. P<0.01) between p53 and Ki67 labelling. To detect the presence of p53 gene mutations, genomic DNA, extracted from paraffin sections of OKC (4 solitary, 2 recurrent and 4 NBCCS cysts). RC (n=3) and normal oral mucosa (n=1), was subjected to a combination of polymerase chain reaction and single‐stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analysis for exons 5‐10 of the p53 gene. Exon 4 was not analysed because of compromised DNA quality. No abnormality in banding patterns was found and all samples save results similar to DNA from known, sequenced, normal p53 gene controls. Absence of p53 mutations within exons 5–9 was confirmed by the direct sequencing of 2 fresh frozen OKC samples (1 solitary and 1 NBCCS cyst). These results suggest that over expression of p53 protein in OKC epithelium, detected by immunocytochemistry, is not reflected by alteration of the p53 gene and presumably reflects overproduction and/or stabilisation of normal p53 protein.
Myocutaneous flaps in patients with head and neck cancer retain their immunological capacities in an activated functional state
Authors: Kornfehl Johannes , Formanek Michael , Knerer Birgit , Vajs Amna , Moser Doris , Millesi Werner
Published: April 2006

Free/pedicled myocutaneous flaps used as functional replacement after radical dissection of advanced stage squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity/oropharynx were examined by immunohistochemistry (APAAP‐technique). Biopsies from eight patients were taken at the time of surgery and at 3 and 5 months post‐operatively. Fifteen monoclonal antibodies were used to detect surface antigens as markers of phenotypic changes of immune competent cells. In post‐operative biopsies all antigens investigated increased significantly. Significantly higher numbers of CD45RO+ (P < 0.01)and CD45RA+ (P < 0.001) leukocytes were detectable. The majority of these leukocytes were TcR α/β+/CD3+ T‐cells. which increased in the CD4 (P < 0.05) and the CD8 (P < 0.001) subset. In addition. B‐cells (P < 0.05). granulocytes (P < 0.05). NK. cells (CD16+ lymphocytic cells: P < 0.05) and mature macrophages (25F9+cells; P < 0.01) were increased. Intra‐ and subepidermally a significantly (P < 0.01) higher number of dendritic‐Langerhans cells (CD1a+) was detectable. In post‐operative biopsies, the activation‐associated antigens 1CAM‐1. VCAM and HLA‐DR were expressed on significantly more mononuclear‐/endothelial cells and on keratinocytes. Our findings indicate that the myocutaneous flaps still contained cells with immunological capacities.
Antibodies to epithelial components in oral lichen planus (OLP) associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection
Authors: Lodi G. , Olsen I. , Piattelli A. , D'Amico E. , Artese L. , Porter S.R.
Published: April 2006

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disorder sometimes associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. An increased prevalence of autoimmune markers has been reported in patients with HCV infection. The aim of the present study was to determine, by conventional indirect immunofluorescence, the nature and frequency of circulating antibodies to epithelial antigens in the sera of HCV‐positive patients who also have OLP. The study comprised four groups: 14 patients with OLP and HCV infection. 14 HCV‐seronegative patients with OLP, 21 HCV‐seropositive patients without OLP and 18 healthy controls. We found a significant association between the concomitance of OLP and HCV infection and the presence of such antibodies. It is concluded that some patients with HCV‐associated OLP may have circulating antibodies to epithelial antigens, although their precise aetiological role in the development of this disease in HCV infection remains unknown.
Effect of nicotine on arachidonic acid metabolites and epithelial parameters in rat oral mucosa
Authors: Ringdahl Bruce E. , Johnson Georgia K. , Ali Reiaz B. , Organ Connie C.
Published: April 2006

This study examined the effects of nicotine on oral mucosal levels of eicosanoids and on histologic parameters, including keratinocyte proliferation. Surgically‐created canals in the mandibular lips of 20 male Sprague Dawley rats received either nicotine or saline in a cotton pellet twice daily for six weeks. Thromboxane B2(T×B2) levels were depressed (P < 0.05) in nicotine treated tissues compared to saline treatment (5.8±1.0 vs 13.4±2.1 pg/mg). Within the nicotine group, TxB2 concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) at the nicotine site compared to the posterior site (18.3±5.4 pg/mg). There was also a trend towards reduced 6‐keto‐PGF1α in the nicotine‐treated tissues compared to saline‐exposed sites. These alterations in cyclooxygenase metabolites were not accompanied by changes in epithelial proliferation or histologic parameters. 12(S)‐hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (12‐HETE) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were not affected by nicotine. Therefore, nicotine may not be directly responsible for the hyperplasia at habitual tobacco placement sites, but may contribute to alterations in cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism.
Oral cryptococcosis: case report of salivary gland involvement in an AIDS patient
Authors: Monteil R. A. , Hofman P. , Michiels J. F. , Loubière R.
Published: April 2006

Salivary cryptococcosis was disclosed al autopsy in an AIDS patient with disseminated C. neoformans infection. H & E staining was not suitable to demonstrate the occurrence of C. neoformans in many tisues: Alcian blue gave the best results.
Oral lesions in organ transplant patients
Authors: Seymour Robin A. , Thomason J. Mark , Nolan A.
Published: April 2006

Patients who have undergone organ transplantation can present with a variety of oral lesions that appear to be related either directly to their medication or arise as a consequence of drug‐induced immunosuppression. Such lesions include hairy leukoplakia, an increased propensity to both fungal and viral infections and a high incidence of malignant change, especially lip cancer. Cyciosporin remains the immunosuppressant of choice in most transplant patients. Gingival overgrowth is the main unwanted oral effect associated with cyclosporin. Some 30% of dentate transplant patients experience this problem, which is further compounded by concomitant medication with a calcium channel blocker. This review appraises the various oral problems that can arise in this group of patients and emphasises the importance of regular oral screening and the establishment of links with the various transplant teams.
Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 shedding in the oral cavity by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at the prodromal stage of recrudescent herpes labialis
Authors: Scott D. A. , Coulter W. A. , Biagioni P. A. , O'Neill H. , Lamey P.‐J.
Published: April 2006

Recrudescent herpes labialis (RHL) is a disease caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). predominantly type 1 (HSV‐1). We have monitored HSV‐1 shedding in the oral cavity by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using digoxigenin‐labeled primers designed to amplify a 278 bp segment of the HSV‐1 UL 42 region. Prodromal RHL was confirmed by thermographic imaging in 22 patients. Infectious virus was not detected using tissue culture for virus isolation (0/22). Using PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. We could detect HSV‐1 DNA in 8/22 patients. Using a biotinylated‐probe internal to the predicted sequence of the PCR product. HSV‐1 DNA was detected in 10/22 of the patients by ELISA. We conclude that HSV‐1 DNA is shed into the oral cavity of patients presenting with sub‐clinical RHL and that the PCR‐EL1SA technique represents a more sensitive method to monitor HSV‐1 shedding than conventional tissue culturing or PCR‐electrophoresis alone.
Loss of heterozygosity of APC and MCC genes in oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Jehn‐Shyun , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Kok Sang‐Heng , Kuo Ying‐Shiung , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping
Published: April 2006

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at adenomatous polyposis coii (APC) and mutated in colon cancer (MCC) genes was investigated in 37 untreated human primary oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) using the polymerase chain reaction. LOH was observed in 14 of 26 (53.8%) heterozygous (informative) patients at APC and 9 of 13 (69.2%) heterozygous patients at MCC. Homozygous deletion of MCC was detected in one patient. Of the 37 patients. 29 were informative at APC or MCC or both: LOH at APC and/or MCC was detected in 68.9% (20/29) of the cases. Ten cases were informative for both genes; LOH at both loci was found in only three of these cases. LOH at the APC and/or MCC was found in both early and advanced stages of oral SCCs. No significant correlation was observed between LOH at the APC and/or MCC locus and the patients' tobacco/betel quid consumption, tumour location. TNM status, or histological differentiation. These results suggest that LOH at the APC and/or MCC may be an early event and may play role in the pathogenesis of human oral SCCs in Taiwan.
Odontogenic myxoma in an adolescent with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Harrison M. G. , O'Neill I. D. , Chadwick B. L.
Published: April 2006

Tuberous sclerosis is a hamarloneoplastic syndrome characterised by early onset of convulsive seizures with mental retardation. Oral abnormalities, including enamel hypoplasia and mucosal fibromas, have been previously reported. We report here a 17‐year‐old girl with this disorder who had received repeated dental trauma. She presented with a swelling associated with a traumatised maxillary central incisor that suggested a diagnosis other than the Odontogenic myxoma found at operation. Odontogenic myxoma has not previously been reported in this condition; it may represent an unusual phenotypic expression of the genetic defect understood to determine tuberous sclerosis, or it may be an unrelated coincidental finding.
Myxoglobulosis in an extravasation mucocele of the lower lip
Authors: Li Tie‐Jun , Kitano M. , Yoshida A. , Iwashige Y. , Yamashita S.
Published: April 2006

A case of extravasation mucocele showing an unusual intraluminal globular organization of the mucous content is described. The cystic lesion was obtained from the lower lip of a 10‐year‐old Japanese girl and presented as a painless swelling of 1 year duration. Histologically. the cyst cavity was filled with round globules and encapsulated by a granulation tissue wall devoid of a lining epithelium. To our knowledge, this peculiar histological pattern has not been previously described in an oral mucocele. Clinicopathological features of ‘myxoglobulosis of the appendix’, a morphological variant of appendiceal mucocele, appear to be related to the present case.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of bcl‐2 protein in ameloblastoma
Authors: Mitsuyasu Takeshi , Harada Hidemitsu , Higuchi Yoshinori , Kimura Ken‐ichi , Nakamura Norifumi , Katsuki Takeshi , Kubola Eiro , Toyoshima Kuniaki , Ohishi Masamichi
Published: April 2006

The bcl‐2 gene is known through its product, bcl‐2 protein, which prevents apoptosis. and also by its expression in development, especially in sites characterized by epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions. In the developing tooth germ, bcl‐2‐protein is expressed in the epithelial component. In this study, we examined the expression of bcl‐2 protein immunohistochemically in 25 ameloblastomas using a monoclonal antibody against anti‐human bcl‐2 oncoprotein. In all 25 cases, bcl‐2 protein was found mainly in the outer layer of tumor cells, whereas the inner cells (stellate reticulum‐like cells and squamoid cells) were negative. The bcl‐2 protein is therefore thought to play a role in maintaining the stem‐cell population in the peripheral layers of the tumor nests from which proliferating cells can be recruited.
The relationship of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma to ghost cell ameloblastoma of the jaws: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Badger Krista V. , Gardner David G.
Published: April 2006

The objective of this investigation was to study the relationship of the ghost cell ameloblastoma (GCA). which is a form of type II calcifying odontogenic cyst (COO, to the adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP). H&E sections of 26 examples of ACP were compared to three cases of GCA and to the reported microscopic features of that tumor. Clinical records of the ACPs were studied to determine their biologic behavior compared to that of the ameloblastomas. Immunohistochemical studies of nine examples of ACP were performed for KL1 (high mol.wt cytokeratins), 5D3 (low mol.wt cytokeratins) and involucrin (characteristic of terminally differentiated keratinocytes) using the peroxidase–amiperoxi–dase method. The results were compared with those reported for COC and ameloblastoma. ACP and GCA exhibited similar microscopic features, including pre–ameloblasts, tissue resembling stellate reliculum, ghost cells and calcifications; both tumors grew slowly and were invasive. ACP and COC. and by interpolation GCA. exhibited similar features with all three antibodies. The ghost cells did not exhibit any immunoreactivity but the adjacent cells stained positively for involucrin. The immunological features of ACP were similar to those reported in ameloblastomas for squarnous differentiation. However, because of their rarity, no ameloblastomas exhibiting keratinization. including ghost cells, have yet been studied with these antibodies. We conclude that ACP and GCA are homologous lesions.
Immunohistochemical distribution of lymph capillaries and blood capillaries in the synovial membrane in cases of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Yoshida Hiroaki , Fujita Shigeyuki , Nishida Mitsuo , Lizuka Tadahiko
Published: April 2006

The distribution of lymph capillaries and blood capillaries in the synovial membrane was examined immunohistologically with anti–human collagen IV antibody and anti–human von Willebrand factor in 26 human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) samples comprising discs with adjoining synovial membrane from 10 control TMJs and from 16 TMJs with internal derangement. Three different distribution types were observed in the synovial membrane. In the control samples, the occurence of blood capillaries and lymph capillaries was rare. In mildly hyperplastic synovitis. lymph capillaries were observed just beneath the surface of the synovial membrane, whereas blood capillaries occurred in a little deeper layer of the synovia! membrane. In a severely hyperplastic synovitis. both lymph and Wood capillaries were observed frequently. The present results suggest that the different distribution patterns of lymph capillaries and blood capillaries reflect the degree of synovitis but can not be attributed to specific clinical symptoms.
Expression of ICAM‐1 in implanted primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas in rats
Authors: Li Xinwei , Fujikura Yoshihisa , Wang Yu‐Hsueh , Sawada Tomoo , Tokuda Nobuko , Lovely Rehana Sultana , Hayatsu Yoshikazu , Fukumoto Tetsuo , Shinozaki Fumihiko
Published: April 2006

FF6 tumor cells are dervied from a spontaneous rat squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which originally arose in the facial skin of a DA rat. In this study, FF6 tumor cells were implanted into rat oral mucosa to establish an in vivo metastatic model. We analyzed the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) in the implanted primary and metastatic FF6 tumors by immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against ICAM‐1. The implanted primary FF6 cells showed strong expression of ICAM‐1, whereas the tumor cells of metastatic lesions showed weak or negative expression of ICAM‐1. By imiminostaining with rnAb OX6, a number of MHC class II‐positive macro‐phages were detected in tumor mesenchyme and surrounding the metastatic foci. These results suggested that the local immune reaction in the lymph node influenced the expression of ICAM‐1 on tumor cells, and that MHC class II‐positive macrophages may play a role in transplanted tumor growth and metastases.
Single cell gel electrophoresis on peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rao G. Venkateswara , Kumar G. S. , Ahuja Y. R.
Published: April 2006

The single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, also known as the comet assay, is a cytogenetic technique for measuring and analyzing DNA single stranded breaks (SSB) and/or alkali labile sites within individual cells. Peripheral blood leukocytes of 22 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients were subjected to SCGE and the DNA damage levels (SSB) were quantified with respect to clinical staging and histopathologic grading. Highly statistically significant differences in DNA damage levels were found between normal subjects and patients with OSCC of the same age group. DNA damage levels were altered in all clinical stages and histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The differences were generally significant between all the clinical stages of OSCC. while in histopathologic grading the results were significant only between grades 1 and 111. The results support the concept of a systemic host response in malignancy.
HCV genotypes in Italian patients with HCV‐related oral lichen planus
Authors: Lodi G. , Carrozzo M. , Hallett R. , D'Amico E. , Ptattelii A. , Teo C. G. , Gandolfo S. , Carbons M. , Porter S. R.
Published: April 2006

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has high genomic variability and since its discovery, six different “types” and an increasing number of “subtypes” have been reported. HCV genotype may influence viral replication, natural history of disease and response to therapy. Recently, an association between lichen planus (LP) and HCV infection has been suggested, as there is an increased frequency of HCV infection among some groups of patients with LP. in particular from Italy and Japan. These results have not been confirmed by other reports from different geographical areas. Since HCV genotypes have a heterogeneous geographical distribution, we have determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism the genotypes of 39 HCV'‐seropositive Italian patients with oral LP in order to establish whether the association between LP and HCV infection is influenced by HCV subtype. Of the 33 (84.6%) viraemic patients. 17 (51%) were infected by HCV subtype Ib. 9 (27%) were infected by HCV subtype 2a. 2 by subtype la and 1 by subtype 2b. In four cases the gel patterns were uninterpretable. This distribution of HCV genotypes is similar to that reported in recent studies of Italian HCV‐seropositive patients of unknown LP status, It is concluded from this small sample that the association of lichen planus with HCV infection and its differential geographic distribution is unlikely to be due to infection by a particular HCV genotype.
Parotid gland metastases of two uncommon neoplasms with low metastatic potential
Authors: Williams H. K. , Brown A. M. S. , Barber P. C.
Published: April 2006

Oligodendrogliomas are uncommon intracranial glial tumours in which extracranial spread is only rarely reported. Similarly, both intracranial and ocular medulloepkheliomas are also rare, with metastatic spread from the ocular neoplasm being less common than its intracranial counterpart. We report cases of an intracranial oligodendroglioma and an ocular medulloepithelioma both of which metastasised to the parotid gland. To our knowledge these are only the second oligodendroglioma and the third ocular medulloepithelioma to be reported as metastasising to this site.
ADAPTATION AND INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN SALES OUTCOMES: EXPLORING THE INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF PERSONALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL OPPORTUNITY
Authors: STEWART GREG L. , NANDKEOLYAR AMIT K.
Published: April 2006

Many practices in the field of industrial‐organizational psychology assume that individual performance is stable across time; yet, little is actually known about the extent to which performance varies within individuals. We specifically address this issue by exploring the longitudinal influence of a situational opportunity (referrals received from the central office) on intraindividual performance outcomes of sales representatives. We also explore Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience as traits that explain variation in adaptation to changes in referrals. Our results show that more weekly variation in individual performance resides within individuals than between individuals. A majority of this variance is explained by the situational opportunity of referrals. Furthermore, the positive relationship between referrals and outcomes is stronger for sales representatives high on Conscientiousness, but weaker for representatives high on Openness to Experience.
INCREASING THE ACCURACY OF CORRECTIONS FOR RANGE RESTRICTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SELECTION PROCEDURE VALIDITIES AND OTHER RESEARCH RESULTS
Authors: SCHMIDT FRANK L. , OH IN‐SUE , LE HUY
Published: April 2006

The common practice in meta‐analyses and in individual studies of correcting for direct range restriction even though range restriction is actually indirect has long been known to lead to undercorrection, but this error has been assumed to be small. Using validity generalization data sets for 4 jobs, this study calibrated this error by comparing meta‐analysis results based on corrections for direct range restriction with the more accurate results from a recently developed method of correcting for indirect range restriction. It was found that, on average, correction for direct range restriction resulted in substantial underestimation of operational validities for both job performance measures (21%) and training performance measures (28%). In addition, 90% credibility values were on average underestimated by 38%–40%. In addition to the implications for personnel selection, these findings suggest that similar underestimation of important relationships has occurred in other areas of research, with potential implications for theory development.