bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of gravity-induced preload change on the venous excess ultrasound (VExUS) score and internal jugular vein Doppler in healthy volunteers
Authors: Kenny Jon-Emile S. , Prager Ross , Rola Philippe , McCulloch Garett , Eibl Joseph K. , Haycock Korbin
Published: April 2023

Background

The venous excess ultrasound (VExUS) score is a multi-organ Doppler approach to assess venous congestion. Despite growing use of VExUS in research and clinical practice, other veins can be visualized to assess for venous hypertension, which may overcome acquisition barriers of the VExUS exam. In this pilot, observational study, we used a wearable Doppler ultrasound to assess the relationship between jugular venous Doppler and the VExUS score under different preload conditions. We hypothesized that jugular Doppler morphology would accurately distinguish preload conditions, that it would most closely relate to the hepatic venous Doppler morphology in the fully supine position and that the VExUS score would be influenced by preload condition.

Results

We recruited 15 healthy volunteers with no cardiovascular history. Preload change was achieved using a tilt-table with three positions: supine, fully upright, and 30-degree head-down tilt. In each position, a VExUS score was performed; furthermore, inferior vena collapsibility and sphericity index were calculated. At the same time, jugular venous Doppler was captured by a novel, wireless, wearable ultrasound system. A continuous jugular venous Doppler morphology was 96% accurate for detecting the low preload condition. The jugular venous Doppler morphology was highly correlated with the hepatic vein, but only in the supine position. Gravitational position did not significantly affect the sphericity index or the VExUS score.

Conclusions

The jugular vein Doppler morphology was able to accurately distinguish low from high preload conditions in healthy volunteers. Comparisons between VExUS Doppler morphologies and other veins should occur in the supine position when gravitational pressure gradients are minimized; finally, different preload conditions in healthy subjects did not affect the VExUS score.
Microbial life in 25-m-deep boreholes in ancient permafrost illuminated by metagenomics
Authors: Wu Xiaofen , Almatari Abraham L. , Cyr Wyatt A. , Williams Daniel E. , Pfiffner Susan M. , Rivkina Elizaveta M. , Lloyd Karen G. , Vishnivetskaya Tatiana A.
Published: April 2023

This study describes the composition and potential metabolic adaptation of microbial communities in northeastern Siberia, a repository of the oldest permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere. Samples of contrasting depth (1.75 to 25.1 m below surface), age (from ~ 10 kyr to 1.1 Myr) and salinity (from low 0.1–0.2 ppt and brackish 0.3–1.3 ppt to saline 6.1 ppt) were collected from freshwater permafrost (FP) of borehole AL1_15 on the Alazeya River, and coastal brackish permafrost (BP) overlying marine permafrost (MP) of borehole CH1_17 on the East Siberian Sea coast. To avoid the limited view provided with culturing work, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to show that the biodiversity decreased dramatically with permafrost age. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis placed the samples into three groups: FP and BP together (10–100 kyr old), MP (105–120 kyr old), and FP (> 900 kyr old). Younger FP/BP deposits were distinguished by the presence of Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexota_A, and Gemmatimonadota, older FP deposits had a higher proportion of Gammaproteobacteria, and older MP deposits had much more uncultured groups within Asgardarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Chloroflexota, Patescibacteria, and unassigned archaea. The 60 recovered metagenome-assembled genomes and un-binned metagenomic assemblies suggested that despite the large taxonomic differences between samples, they all had a wide range of taxa capable of fermentation coupled to nitrate utilization, with the exception of sulfur reduction present only in old MP deposits.
Don't Look Away
Authors: Cohen Brianne
Published: April 2023

In Don’t Look Away Brianne Cohen considers the role of contemporary art in developing a public commitment to end structural violence in Europe. Cohen focuses on art activism of the early twenty-first century that confronts the slow violence perpetuated against precarious peoples. Exploring the work of German filmmaker Harun Farocki, Swiss artist Thomas Hirschhorn, and the art collective Henry VIII’s Wives, Cohen argues that their recursive art practices offer a more sustained counter to the violence undergirding the public sphere than do artworks premised on immediate rupture. Their art reflects on a variety of flashpoints of violence and vulnerability in Europe, from the legacy of the Holocaust to Islamophobia and rising anti-immigrant sentiment. Because this violence has often cultivated fear-based publics, Cohen contends that art must foster ethical and civil relations between strangers across physical and virtual borders. In contrast to art-critical practices that privilege direct action in contemporary art activism, Cohen advocates for the imaginative, messier, often more elusive potential of art to change mindsets and foster a nonviolent social imaginary.
Insignificant Things
Authors: Rarey Matthew Francis
Published: April 2023

In Insignificant Things Matthew Francis Rarey traces the history of the African-associated amulets that enslaved and other marginalized people carried as tools of survival in the Black Atlantic world from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Often considered visually benign by white Europeans, these amulet pouches, commonly known as “mandingas,” were used across Africa, Brazil, and Portugal and contained myriad objects, from herbs and Islamic prayers to shells and coins. Drawing on Arabic-language narratives from the West African Sahel, the archives of the Portuguese Inquisition, sixteenth- and seventeenth-century European travel and merchant accounts of the West African Coast, and early nineteenth-century Brazilian police records, Rarey shows how mandingas functioned as portable archives of their makers’ experiences of enslavement, displacement, and diaspora. He presents them as examples of the visual culture of enslavement and critical to conceptualizing Black Atlantic art history. Ultimately, Rarey looks to the archives of transatlantic slavery, which were meant to erase Black life, for objects like the mandingas that were created to protect it.
The Girl in the Yellow Poncho
Authors: Zook Kristal Brent
Published: April 2023

At five years old, Kristal Brent Zook sat on the steps of a Venice Beach, California, motel trying to make sense of her white father’s abandonment, which left her feeling unworthy of a man’s love and of white protection. Raised by her working-class African American mother and grandmother, Zook was taught not to count on anyone, especially men. Men leave. Men disappoint. In adulthood she became a feminist, activist, and “race woman” journalist in New York City. Despite her professional success, something was missing. Coming to terms with her identity was a constant challenge.

The Girl in the Yellow Poncho is Zook’s coming-of-age tale about what it means to be biracial in America. Throughout, she grapples with in-betweenness, while also facing childhood sexual assault, economic insecurity, and multigenerational alcoholism and substance abuse on both the Black and white sides of her family. Her story is one of strong Black women—herself, her cousin, her mother, and her grandmother—and the generational cycles of oppression and survival that seemingly defined their lives.

Setting out on an inner journey that takes her across oceans and continents, Zook tells the story of a little girl who never gives up on love, even long after it seems to have been destroyed. In the end she triumphs, reconciling with her father and mother to create the family of her dreams through forgiveness and sheer force of will. A testament to the power of settling into one’s authentic identity, this book tells a story of a daughter’s lifelong yearning, a mother’s rediscovery of lost love, and the profound power of atonement and faith to heal a broken family.
Development of an Acrylamide Biosensor Using Guanine and Adenine as Biomarkers at Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes: Integrated Molecular Docking and Experimental Studies
Authors: Anggraini Listya Eka , Rahmawati Isnaini , Nasution Mochammad Arfin Fardiansyah , Jiwanti Prastika Krisma , Einaga Yasuaki , Ivandini Tribidasari Anggraningrum
Published: April 2023

An acrylamide biosensor was developed by utilizing purine bases, i.e. guanine and adenine, through computational and electrochemical approaches. The molecular docking simulation proved that interaction of double-stranded DNA with the purine bases has the lowest Gibbs binding free energy compared to other biomolecules with a ΔGbinding of −4.2759 kcal/mol. Meanwhile, cyclic voltammetry of both guanine and adenine in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 using a boron-doped diamond electrode showed an irreversible oxidation peak in the potential range of 0 to +1.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), confirming that the oxidation reaction was irreversible. The current of these peaks decreased linearly with the concentration of acrylamide due to the adduct formation between the purine bases and acrylamide. The formation of acrylamide adducts between acrylamide and purine bases was confirmed by the shift of the peak wavelength of the UV spectrum from 260 to 257 nm. The use of guanine for acrylamide sensing showed a linear calibration curve in the concentration range of 0.20–1.00 µM (R2 = 0.99) with a limit of detection and limit of quantification attained at 0.11 and 0.36 µM, respectively. In the case of adenine, a linear calibration curve was observed in the concentration range of 0.14–1.00 µM (R2 = 0.99) with a limit of detection and limit of quantification of 0.10 and 0.34 µM, respectively. The developed method was successfully performed for the acrylamide determination in coffee samples and was validated by HPLC.
The life and times of a tRNA
Authors: Phizicky Eric M. , Hopper Anita K.
Published: April 2023

The study of eukaryotic tRNA processing has given rise to an explosion of new information and insights in the last several years. We now have unprecedented knowledge of each step in the tRNA processing pathway, revealing unexpected twists in biochemical pathways, multiple new connections with regulatory pathways, and numerous biological effects of defects in processing steps that have profound consequences throughout eukaryotes, leading to growth phenotypes in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand to neurological and other disorders in humans. This review highlights seminal new results within the pathways that comprise the life of a tRNA, from its birth after transcription until its death by decay. We focus on new findings and revelations in each step of the pathway including the end-processing and splicing steps, many of the numerous modifications throughout the main body and anticodon loop of tRNA that are so crucial for tRNA function, the intricate tRNA trafficking pathways, and the quality control decay pathways, as well as the biogenesis and biology of tRNA-derived fragments. We also describe the many interactions of these pathways with signaling and other pathways in the cell.
EMPREENDEDORISMO ACADÊMICO À BRASILEIRA: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA E INSIGHTS DE PESQUISA NO PERÍODO DE 2017 A 2021
Authors: Sousa Romário Martins de , Florêncio Márcio Nannini da Silva
Published: April 2023

Este estudo objetiva conduzir uma revisão sistemática da literatura em torno da produção científica brasileira sobre empreendedorismo acadêmico no período de 2017 a 2021.   A coleta dos dados foi realizada nas bases de dados Spell e Scielo, sendo utilizada uma abordagem bibliométrica e qualitativa nas análises dos dados. Por meio dos procedimentos metodológicos adotados, recuperou-se um total de 31 artigos incluídos nessa revisão. Os resultados indicaram um crescente número de estudos que incluem uma abordagem comportamental para investigar o empreendedorismo acadêmico no Brasil, com base em uma análise quantitativa sobre o perfil, a tendência e a intenção empreendedora de estudantes universitários. Além disso, outras temáticas, como a interação universidade-empresa, entraves e desafios para o empreendedorismo acadêmico, foram discutidas por meio da literatura anterior. Por fim, definiu-se uma agenda de pesquisas futuras em torno da temática investigada.
Clinical efficacy of titanium prepared platelet rich fibrin in periodontal regeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oza Dr. Ranu , Dhadse Dr. Prasad , Bajaj Dr. Pavan , Bhombe Dr. Komal , Durge Dr. Khushboo , Subhadarsanee Dr. Chitrika , Hassan Dr. Safiya
Published: April 2023

Background: Periodontal regeneration therapies frequently involve autologous platelet concentrates (APCs). They can be used in sinus lift surgeries and socket preservation, among other clinical settings. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) membrane has been used to treat gingival recession in individuals or groups of individuals using a coronally progressed or lateral pedicle flap. In the treatment of mixed periodontic endodontic lesion/furcation defect, PRF functions as a healing and interpositional biomaterial, filling a cystic cavity. PRF is known to help the bone regeneration process. In the last few years, efforts have been made to enhance the PRFs characteristics and quality. One of them is titanium platelet rich fibrin (T-PRF). Third-generation platelet concentrate no longer contains silica, and its preparation in glass vacuum containers, no longer creates any known concerns. The effectiveness PRF's has been evaluated in connective tissue and bone repair. The aim of this study is to compare T-PRF to other platelet concentrates and different treatment modalities for periodontal regenerative procedures.

Methods: A protocol of this systematic review have been registered in prospero (CRD42022293545). The online database searched were PUBMED, COCHRANE for published articles up to November 2022 without language restrictions. Studies in trial registers, handsearching, bibliographic references of relevant articles were also checked. Data collection and analysis was done by individual authors. Independent eligibility assessments were conducted by four review authors. Then, using the standard Cochrane methodology, four review authors extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias for individual studies. We developed "Summary of findings" tables and used GRADE to evaluate the evidence.

Results: Three studies were included for meta-analysis. Results of meta-analysis supported that T-PRF is effective for correction of both hard and soft tissue defects.

Conclusions: The overall qualitative and quantitative analysis suggest that T-PRF has superior structural properties and thicker fibrin network for periodontal regenerative procedures.
Joachim Guttejahr – „czarownik recydywista” z początku XVII wieku
Authors: Wijaczka Jacek
Published: April 2023

Przez dziesięciolecia w historiografii pisano w kontekście procesów o czary w XVI–XVIII w. przede wszystkim o oskarżanych kobietach, mało uwagi poświęcając mężczyznom, którym również zarzucano uprawianie czarów szkodliwych. W konsekwencji niewiele wiemy o proporcjach płci w odniesieniu do tego zagadnienia w poszczególnych krajach i okolicznościach, w których to mężczyzna był głównym oskarżonym w procesie o czary. W niniejszym artykule, dzięki szczęśliwie zachowanemu materiałowi źródłowemu, możemy prześledzić przebieg procesu, którego jednym z głównych oskarżonych był mieszkający we wsi Olszanica w ówczesnych Prusach Książęcych mennonita Joachim Guttejahr. Poznajemy okoliczności, w jakich został oskarżony oraz postawione mu zarzuty. Znamy zeznania świadków, dzięki którym możemy również nieco przybliżyć problemy dnia codziennego mieszkańców mennonickich wsi w starostwie kwidzyńskim na początku XVII w.
O zapomnianej pladze, której pamięć przywrócono. Rewizja problemu
Authors: Baranowski Michał
Published: April 2023

W artykule poruszam takie zagadnienia jak miejsce wybuchu zarazy, jej chronologia. Wskazuję na istnienie trzech faz epidemii, dotychczas niewystarczająco podkreślane w literaturze. W dalszej części wskazuję na retoryczność opisów, co uniemożliwia wskazanie patogenu, a zatem nie można określić jej śmiertelności. Dalej skupiam się na klimacie, archeologii i papirusach, pokazując, że dane zaczerpnięte z tych źródeł nie pozwalają na przecenianie skutków zarazy. Ukazuję również reakcję ludności w obliczu zarazy, a także jej wpływ na tzw. kryzys III w.
Economic, legal and social conditions for the development of dairy cooperatives in Poland: Historical implications and contemporary assessment from farmers
Authors: Zuba-Ciszewska Maria , Suchoń Aneta , Urbanek Mirosław
Published: April 2023

The aim of the article was to assess the development process of dairy cooperatives in Poland over the last 150 years, with the economic situation and the impact of legal regulations taken into account, and to assess empirical research findings on how dairy cooperatives operate according to their members (benefits of membership, development opportunities and threats). Despite the long tradition and experience in cooperation between dairies and farmers, the period of the centrally planned economy and economic transformation brought many changes. Poland’s EU accession has improved their development opportunities. The cooperatives have a high share in the milk purchase and dairy product sale. The cooperation with farmers has improved. However, there are still areas that need to be improved in the real spirit of the cooperative idea because they concern the basic economic benefits of membership and the principles of function of coops.
Estimating Effectiveness of Identifying Human Trafficking via Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Dimas Geri L. , El Khalkhali Malak , Bender Alex , Maass Kayse Lee , Konrad Renata A. , Blom Jeffrey S. , Zhu Joe , Trapp Andrew C.
Published: April 2023

Transit monitoring is a preventive approach used to identify possible cases of human trafficking before exploitation while an individual is in transit or before crossing a border. Transit monitoring is often conducted by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that train staff to identify and intercept suspicious activity. Love Justice International (LJI) is a well-established NGO that has been conducting transit monitoring for years along the Nepal-India border at multiple monitoring stations. In partnership with LJI, we developed a system that uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to help LJI decision makers evaluate the performance of these stations at intercepting potential human trafficking victims given the amount of resources (staff, etc.) available and make specific operational improvement recommendations. Our model consists of 91 decision-making units from seven stations over 13 quarters and considers three inputs, four outputs, and three homogeneity criteria. Using this model, we identified efficient stations, compared rankings of station performance, and recommended strategies to improve efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of DEA in the anti-human trafficking domain.

History: This paper was refereed.

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI-1841893].
Developing a shared SOC
Authors: Walsham Martin
Published: April 2023

A security operations centre (SOC) provides a critical security function to detect and defend from cyber security attacks. It is the last line of defence as part of an organisation's overall security control set. But not every organisation can, or should, run its own SOC.
SUCESSÃO DOMINIAL E ESCRAVIDÃO NA PECUÁRIA DO RIO DAS RÃS
Authors: Fagundes Neves Erivaldo
Published: April 2023

Alguns equívocos –   sobretudo   no   uso   de   fontes   históricas que não o desqualificam – do livro O quilombo do Rio das Rãs: história, tradição, lutas, organizado  por José Jorge de Carvalho,  estimularam  o desejo de   discutir   a   formação   da   estrutura   fundiária   do   entorno   da   foz do Rio das Rãs, na margem direita do Rio São Francisco, onde se desenvolveu a comunidade negra de origem quilombola, ainda pouco conhecida. Apresenta dados sobre a economia pecuarista escrava regional dos séculos XVIII e XIX, complementada  por   policulturas  agrícolas,   na   qual   a   fuga de cativos, como em qualquer outra sociedade escravista, constituía manifestação comum de resistência.
N. 22 - APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Revista Sitientibus
Published: April 2023

A revista Sitientibus, em conformidade com o projeto que a originou, vem cumprindo o seu mister: dar ampla visibilidade à produção intelectual da UEFS. Alicerçada pela essência do partilhar, tem revelado a necessidade da (con)vivência grupal no sentido, dentre muitos, de uma práxis acadêmica salutar. A linha editorial por que se orienta este periódico, não sendo discriminativa, não induz à mostragem de trabalhos julgados especiais, sob uma ótica individualista. Defende, sim, a apresentação do melhor que o autor alcance. A produção científica universitária não se perde, pois, em descaminhos de presunção; abre-se espaço para o ideal comunitário (com)partilhado.
ESTIMANDO A FAVORABILIDADE PARA RECURSOS MINERAIS NA BACIA DE IRECÊ PELOS MÉTODOS LÓGICA NEBULOSA E PESOS DAS EVIDÊNCIAS
Authors: Franca Rocha Washington , Bonham-Carter Graeme , Misi Aroldo
Published: April 2023

A aplicação dos métodos Lógica   Nebulosa   (FuzzyLogic) e Pesos das Evidências (Weights of Evidence) na estimativa da favorabilidade para ocorrência de depósitos  de Pb e Zn na área da Bacia  de Irecê (Bahia) aborda dois enfoques distintos da modelagem em ambiente  de Sistemas de Informações  Geográficas:   o primeiro, simulando as idéias de um especialista sobre determinado fenômeno, e o segundo, obtendo medidas estatísticas da associação espacial para usar no prognóstico de novas ocorrências do mesmo fenômeno.
MODELAGEM MULTINÍVEL
Authors: Teles Santos Carlos , Ferreira Leila , Oliveira Nelson , Dourado Maria Inês , Barreto Maurício
Published: April 2023

Recentemente os modelos lineares hierárquicos ou multiníveis começaram a ser mais conhecidos em diversos campos do conhecimento científico, principalmente na área da Educação e das Ciências Sociais. Importantes propriedades dos modelos  lineares  hierárquicos  permitem que a variabilidade da variável resposta: (a) seja explicada através de variáveis preditoras incluídas em diferentes  níveis  hierárquicos  e (b) possa quantificar em cada nível, tal que a proporção da variabilidade explicada possa ser comparada diretamente. Assim, as análises multiníveis apresentam estimativas mais fidedignas, uma vez que não assumem erroneamente o pressuposto de independência entre as observações das unidades pertencentes a um agregado, como ocorre nas análises contextuais e naquelas com observações repetidas.
Rabi splitting and unidirectional reflectionless propagation in one-dimensional topological plasmonic crystal
Authors: Zheng Feixiang , Wang Yueke , Sang Tian , Yang Guofeng , Yao Qi
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we study the strong coupling between the topological edge state and Fabry–Perot cavity state in a one-dimensional plasmonic crystal heterostructure. Finite element method simulations show that a significant plasmonic Rabi splitting is achieved in the near-infrared region and Rabi energy can reach up to 45.5 meV. A dual-band near-perfect absorption phenomenon can be observed, and a coupled oscillator model is proposed to explain the origin of Rabi splitting. In addition, the dual-band unidirectional reflectionless plasmonic propagation in the Rabi splitting region is investigated, and the non-Hermitian scattering matrix is used to verify the existence of double exceptional points. The study may find applications in plasmonic switchers, on-chip sensors, diode-like devices, and filters.
Nitrogen vacancies in GaN templates and their critical role on the luminescence efficiency of blue quantum wells
Authors: Li Fangzhi , Liu Jianping , Tian Aiqin , Li Xuan , Zhang Fan , Yang Hui
Published: April 2023

In InGaN-based LEDs, an InGaN layer underlying active region has been widely used to improve the luminescence efficiency of the quantum wells (QWs). It has been reported recently that the role of InGaN underlayer (UL) is to block the diffusion of point defects or surface defects in n-GaN into QWs. The type and the source of the point defects need further investigations. In this paper, using temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements, we observe emission peak related to nitrogen vacancies (VN) in n-GaN. In combination with secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurement and theoretical calculation, it is found that VN concentration in n-GaN is as high as about 3 × 1018 cm-3 in n-GaN grown with low growth V/III ratio and can be suppressed to about 1.5 × 1016 cm-3 by increasing growth V/III ratio. Luminescence efficiency of QWs grown on n-GaN under high V/III ratio is greatly improved. These results indicate high density of nitrogen vacancies are formed in n-GaN layer grown under low V/III ratio and diffuse into quantum wells during epitaxial growth and reduce the luminescence efficiency of the QWs.
Far UV narrowband mirrors tuned at H Lyman α
Authors: López-Reyes Paloma , Gutiérrez-Luna Nuria , Honrado-Benítez Carlos , Ríos-Fernández Álvaro , Enríquez-Pérez Esther , Chavero-Royán José , Espinosa-Yáñez Lucía , Rodríguez-de Marcos Luis V. , Larruquert Juan I.
Published: April 2023

Imaging at H Ly-α (121.6 nm), among other spectral lines in the short far UV (FUV), is of high interest for astrophysics, solar, and atmosphere physics, since this spectral line is ubiquitously present in space observations. However, the lack of efficient narrowband coatings has mostly prevented such observations. Present and future space observatories like GLIDE and the IR/O/UV NASA concept, among other applications, can benefit from the development of efficient narrowband coatings at Ly-α. The current state of the art of narrowband FUV coatings lacks performance and stability for coatings that peak at wavelengths shorter than ∼135 nm. We report highly reflective AlF3/LaF3 narrowband mirrors at Ly-α prepared by thermal evaporation, with, to our knowledge, the highest reflectance (over 80%) of a narrowband multilayer at such a short wavelength obtained so far. We also report a remarkable reflectance after several months of storage in different environments, including relative humidity levels above 50%. For astrophysics targets in which Ly-α may mask a close spectral line, such as in the search for biomarkers, we present the first coating in the short FUV for imaging at the OI doublet (130.4 and 135.6 nm), with the additional requirement of rejecting the intense Ly-α, which might mask the OI observations. Additionally, we present coatings with the symmetric design, aimed to observe at Ly-α, and reject the strong OI geocoronal emission, that could be of interest for atmosphere observations.
Controlling the likelihood of extreme events in an optically pumped spin-VCSEL via chaotic optical injection
Authors: Zeng Yao , Huang Yu , Zhou Pei , Mu Penghua , Li Nianqiang
Published: April 2023

We report on the manipulation of extreme events (EEs) in a slave spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (spin-VCSEL) subject to chaotic optical injection from a master spin-VCSEL. The master laser is free-running but yielding a chaotic regime with obvious EEs, while the slave laser originally (i.e., without external injection) operates in either continuous-wave (CW), period-one (P1), period-two (P2), or a chaotic state. We systematically investigate the influence of injection parameters, i.e., injection strength and frequency detuning, on the characteristics of EEs. We find that injection parameters can regularly trigger, enhance, or suppress the relative number of EEs in the slave spin-VCSEL, where the large ranges of enhanced vectorial EEs and average intensity of both vectorial and scalar EEs can be achieved with suitable parameter conditions. Moreover, with the help of two-dimensional correlation maps, we confirm that the probability of occurrence of EEs in the slave spin-VCSEL is associated with the injection locking regions, outside which enhanced relative number of EEs regions can be obtained and expanded with augmenting the complexity of the initial dynamic state of the slave spin-VCSEL.
Heterozygous inversion breakpoints suppress meiotic crossovers by altering recombination repair outcomes
Authors: Li Haosheng , Berent Erica , Hadjipanteli Savannah , Galey Miranda , Muhammad-Lahbabi Nigel , Miller Danny E. , Crown K. Nicole
Published: April 2023

Heterozygous chromosome inversions suppress meiotic crossover (CO) formation within an inversion, potentially because they lead to gross chromosome rearrangements that produce inviable gametes. Interestingly, COs are also severely reduced in regions nearby but outside of inversion breakpoints even though COs in these regions do not result in rearrangements. Our mechanistic understanding of why COs are suppressed outside of inversion breakpoints is limited by a lack of data on the frequency of noncrossover gene conversions (NCOGCs) in these regions. To address this critical gap, we mapped the location and frequency of rare CO and NCOGC events that occurred outside of the dl-49 chrX inversion in D. melanogaster. We created full-sibling wildtype and inversion stocks and recovered COs and NCOGCs in the syntenic regions of both stocks, allowing us to directly compare rates and distributions of recombination events. We show that COs outside of the proximal inversion breakpoint are distributed in a distance-dependent manner, with strongest suppression near the inversion breakpoint. We find that NCOGCs occur evenly throughout the chromosome and, importantly, are not suppressed near inversion breakpoints. We propose a model in which COs are suppressed by inversion breakpoints in a distance-dependent manner through mechanisms that influence DNA double-strand break repair outcome but not double-strand break formation. We suggest that subtle changes in the synaptonemal complex and chromosome pairing might lead to unstable interhomolog interactions during recombination that permits NCOGC formation but not CO formation.
Ethnicity and trends in pediatric specialty care clinic attendance at an academic medical center in the rural southeastern US
Authors: Maness Philip , Tumin Dmitry , Cholera Rushina , Collier David N. , Bonilla-Hernandez Luisa , Lazorick Suzanne
Published: April 2023

Following the 2016 US Presidential election, immigration enforcement became more aggressive, with variation by state and region depending on local policies and sentiment. Increases in enforcement created an environment of risk for decreased use of health care services among especially among Latino families. of Hispanic ethnicity and/or from Latin American origin (as a group subsequently referred to as Latino). For Latino children with chronic health conditions, avoidance of routine health care can result in significant negative health consequences such as disease progression, avoidable use of acute health care services, and overall increased costs of care. To investigate for changes in visit attendance during the periods before and since increased immigration enforcement, we extracted data on children followed by subspecialty clinics of one healthcare system in the US state of North Carolina during 2015–2019. For each patient, we calculated the proportion of cancelled visits and no-show visits out of all scheduled visits during the 2016–2019 follow-up period. We compared patient characteristics (at the 2015 baseline) according to whether they cancelled or did not show to any visits in subsequent years by clinic and patient factors, including ethnicity. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression of attendance at each visit, including an interaction between visit year and patient ethnicity. Among 852 children 1 to 17 years of age (111 of Latino ethnicity), visit no-show was more common among Latino patients, compared to non-Latino White patients; while visit cancellation was more common among non-Latino White patients, compared to Latino patients. There was no significant interaction between ethnicity and trends in visit no-show or cancellation. Although differences in pediatric specialty clinic visit attendance by patient ethnicity were seen at study baseline, changing immigration policy and negative rhetoric did not appear to impact use of pediatric subspecialty care.
Beneficial effects of trehalose and gentiobiose on human sperm cryopreservation
Authors: Gholami Dariush , Sharafi Mohsen , Esmaeili Vahid , Nadri Touba , Alaei Loghman , Riazi Gholamhossein , Shahverdi Abdolhossein
Published: April 2023

The protection of human sperm during cryopreservation is of great importance to infertility. Recent studies have shown that this area is still a long way from its ultimate aim of maintaining the maximum viability of sperm in cryopreservation. The present study used trehalose and gentiobiose to prepare the human sperm freezing medium during the freezing-thawing. The freezing medium of sperm was prepared with these sugars, and the sperm were then cryopreserved. The viable cells, sperm motility parameters, sperm morphology, membrane integrity, apoptosis, acrosome integrity, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen radicals, and malondialdehyde concentration was evaluated using standard protocols. A higher percentage of the total and progressive motility, rate of viable sperm, cell membrane integrity, DNA and acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in the two frozen treatment groups compared to the frozen control. The cells had less abnormal morphology due to treatment with the new freezing medium than the frozen control. The higher malondialdehyde and DNA fragmentation were significantly observed in the two frozen treatment groups than in the frozen control. According to the results of this study, the use of trehalose and gentiobiose in the sperm freezing medium is a suitable strategy for sperm freezing to improve its motion and cellular parameters.
A multi-dimensional analysis of CBEC English genre variation in South Asia: Based on Daraz
Authors: Wang Shuang
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate how genres vary and figure out the factors that generate genre variation. The quantitative multi-dimensional analysis is used to examine genre variation of cross-border e-commerce English in South Asia. The texts in the observed corpus collected from four country websites of Daraz, a significant cross-border e-commerce platform, were tagged and analyzed using Multidimensional Analysis Tagger and SPSS statistical software. The results of linear regression analysis, independent sample t-test and Analysis of Variance show salient differences between the observed corpus and reference corpus. The research also indicates that four sub-corpora from country Websites are brought into line with each other. They show salient differences (p<0.05) with the general corpus in two dimensions of linguistic variation. The findings indicate that variables that lead to the cross-border e-commerce English genre variation might be attributable to cultural backgrounds, regional market sizes, and fundamental internet facilities. In conclusion, these findings lend significant empirical support to systemic functional theories and suggest further research in the application of a multi-dimensional analysis approach in the cross-border e-commerce English genre.
Corruption and informal sector households’ participation in health insurance in Sierra Leone
Authors: Jofre-Bonet Mireia , Kamara Joseph , Mesnard Alice
Published: April 2023

Lack of credibility and trust in fund managers has been highlighted as one of the key reasons why people do not join health insurance schemes in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Africa. This work investigates the impact of corruption on households’ willingness to participate and pay for health insurance in Sierra Leone. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) method was used to elicit households’ willingness to participate in a health insurance scheme with different attributes. The data were collected from 1458 representative households working in the informal sector of the Northern and Western regions. We explore the relationship between household characteristics and experienced (respectively, perceived) corruption with binary and ordered logit models. We use a Mixed Logit model to estimate the association between corruption and participation in a Health Insurance Scheme (HIS) and households’ willingness to pay for a HIS. We find that corruption decreases participation in a public HIS and the willingness to pay for it. Our results highlight the perverse spillover effects of corruption. Not only does corruption hinder the effectiveness of healthcare systems and, thus, worsen health outcomes. It also undermines the willingness to pay for them, jeopardizing the sustainability of healthcare systems in the countries that need them most.
Self-control and performance while working from home
Authors: Baumann Julia , Danilov Anastasia , Stavrova Olga
Published: April 2023

This study explores the role of trait self-control in individuals’ changes in performance and well-being when working from home (WFH). In a three-wave longitudinal study with UK workers in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, we find that low self-control workers experienced a significant positive adjustment to WFH over time: The number of reported work distractions decreased, and self-assessed performance increased over the period of four months. In contrast, high self-control individuals did not show a similar upward trajectory. Despite the positive adjustment of low self-control individuals over time, on average, self-control was still positively associated with performance and negatively associated with work distractions. However, trait self-control was not consistently associated with changes in well-being. These findings provide a more nuanced view on trait self-control, suggesting that low self-control individuals can improve initial performance over time when working from home.
Characteristic mango price forecasting using combined deep-learning optimization model
Authors: Ma Xiaoya , Tong Jin , Huang Wu , Lin Haitao
Published: April 2023

Accurate product price forecasting is helpful for scientific decision-making and precise industrial planning. As a characteristic fruit that drives regional development, mango price prediction is of great significance to several economies. However, owing to the strong volatility of mango prices, forecasting is vulnerable to uncertainties and is very challenging. In this study, a deep-learning combination forecasting model based on a back-propagation (BP) long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is proposed. Using daily mango price data from a large fruit wholesale trading center in China from January 2nd, 2014, to April 18th, 2022, mango price changes are learned and predicted to support the fruit industry. The results show that the root mean-square error, mean absolute percentage error, and the R2 determination coefficient of the BP-LSTM combination model are 0.0175, 0.14%, and 0.9998, respectively. The prediction results of the combined model are better than those of the separate BP and LSTM models. Furthermore, it best fits the actual price profile and has better generalizability.
Direct and culture-enriched 16S rRNA sequencing of cecal content of healthy horses and horses with typhlocolitis
Authors: Zakia Luiza S. , Gomez Diego E. , Caddey Benjamin B. , Boerlin Patrick , Surette Michael G. , Arroyo Luis G.
Published: April 2023

Next generation sequencing has demonstrated that alpha diversity of the fecal microbiota is significantly altered in horses with typhlocolitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bacterial composition of the cecum content of horses with and without typhlocolitis through direct and culture-enriched 16S gene sequencing of six healthy horses and six horses with acute typhlocolitis; a case-control study design. Cecal content was collected after euthanasia. An aliquot was used for direct 16S gene sequencing. Another was serially diluted with brain heart infusion (BHI) and plated onto five different agar media. All culture medias, except for MacConkey, were incubated anaerobically. Bacterial colonies were harvested in bulk and used for DNA extraction, 16S PCR amplification, and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Predominant phyla in healthy and diseased horses were Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes in all cultured medias, except for MacConkey agar, in which Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum. Greater bacterial richness was identified in sequenced cecal contents as compared to cultured plates (P < 0.05). Culture-enriched molecular profiling combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing offer an alternative method for the study of the gut microbiota of horses. For direct cecum content 16S gene amplification, the alpha diversity indices were lower in diarrheic horses compared to healthy horses (P < 0.05). A higher relative abundance of Fusobacteriota was found in 2/6 samples from diarrheic horses. The role of Fusobacteriota in equine colitis deserves investigation.
Improved accuracy and less fault prediction errors via modified sequential minimal optimization algorithm
Authors: Asim Shahid Muhammad , Alam Muhammad Mansoor , Mohd Su’ud Mazliham
Published: April 2023

The benefits and opportunities offered by cloud computing are among the fastest-growing technologies in the computer industry. Additionally, it addresses the difficulties and issues that make more users more likely to accept and use the technology. The proposed research comprised of machine learning (ML) algorithms is Naïve Bayes (NB), Library Support Vector Machine (LibSVM), Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Random Forest (RF) to compare the classifier gives better results in accuracy and less fault prediction. In this research, the secondary data results (CPU-Mem Mono) give the highest percentage of accuracy and less fault prediction on the NB classifier in terms of 80/20 (77.01%), 70/30 (76.05%), and 5 folds cross-validation (74.88%), and (CPU-Mem Multi) in terms of 80/20 (89.72%), 70/30 (90.28%), and 5 folds cross-validation (92.83%). Furthermore, on (HDD Mono) the SMO classifier gives the highest percentage of accuracy and less fault prediction fault in terms of 80/20 (87.72%), 70/30 (89.41%), and 5 folds cross-validation (88.38%), and (HDD-Multi) in terms of 80/20 (93.64%), 70/30 (90.91%), and 5 folds cross-validation (88.20%). Whereas, primary data results found RF classifier gives the highest percentage of accuracy and less fault prediction in terms of 80/20 (97.14%), 70/30 (96.19%), and 5 folds cross-validation (95.85%) in the primary data results, but the algorithm complexity (0.17 seconds) is not good. In terms of 80/20 (95.71%), 70/30 (95.71%), and 5 folds cross-validation (95.71%), SMO has the second highest accuracy and less fault prediction, but the algorithm complexity is good (0.3 seconds). The difference in accuracy and less fault prediction between RF and SMO is only (.13%), and the difference in time complexity is (14 seconds). We have decided that we will modify SMO. Finally, the Modified Sequential Minimal Optimization (MSMO) Algorithm method has been proposed to get the highest accuracy & less fault prediction errors in terms of 80/20 (96.42%), 70/30 (96.42%), & 5 fold cross validation (96.50%).
Muscle strength gains per week are higher in the lower-body than the upper-body in resistance training experienced healthy young women—A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Jung Roger , Gehlert Sebastian , Geisler Stephan , Isenmann Eduard , Eyre Julia , Zinner Christoph
Published: April 2023

Background

Women are underrepresented in resistance exercise-related studies. To date only one meta-analysis provides concrete training recommendations for muscle strength gains through resistance training in eumenorrhoeic women.

Objective

This review aims to identify research gaps to advance future study in this area to expand the knowledge concerning resistance exercise-induced strength gains in women and to provide guidelines on the number of repetitions per set and the training frequency per week to enhance maximal muscle strength.

Methods

The electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched using a comprehensive list of relevant terms. After checking for exclusion criteria, 31 studies could be included in the final analysis using data from 621 subjects. From these data sets, the ideal number of repetitions per set and also the training frequency per week were analyzed.

Results

In the lower body, the largest gains were achieved with 1 to 6 repetitions (17.4% 1RM increase). For lower-body exercises, the highest gains were achieved with 13 to 20 repetitions (8.7% 1RM increase). The lower body should be trained two times a week (8.5% 1RM increase). The upper body should be trained two (5.2% 1RM increase) to three times (4.5% 1RM increase) a week.

Conclusion

Women can increase their 1RM by 7.2% per week in the upper body and by 5.2% per week in the lower-body exercises. The upper body can be trained more than two times per week whereas the lower body should be trained two times. Women with intermediate experiences in RT and advanced performance level show more rapid increases in strength in the lower-body compared to the upper-body while no differences were found between upper and lower limb adaptations in RT-beginner subjects.
Gaps in the welfare state: A role-based model of poverty risk in the U.S.
Authors: Berkowitz Seth A. , Palakshappa Deepak
Published: April 2023

Background

Research clearly demonstrates that income matters greatly to health. However, income distribution and its relationship to poverty risk is often misunderstood.

Methods

We provide a structural account of income distribution and poverty risk in the U.S., rooted in the ‘roles’ that individuals inhabit with relation to the ‘factor payment system’ (market distribution of income to individuals through wages and asset ownership). Principal roles are child, older adult, and, among working-age adults, disabled individual, student, unemployed individual, caregiver, or paid laborer. Moreover, the roles of other members of an individual’s household also influence an individual’s income level. This account implies that 1) roles other than paid laborer will be associated with greater poverty risk, 2) household composition will be associated with poverty risk, and 3) income support policies for those not able to engage in paid labor are critical for avoiding poverty. We test hypotheses implied by this account using 2019 and 2022 U.S. Census Current Population Survey data. The exposure variables in our analyses relate to roles and household composition. The outcomes relate to income and poverty risk.

Results

In 2019, 40.1 million individuals (12.7% of the population) experienced poverty under the U.S. Census’ Supplemental Poverty Measure. All roles other than paid laborer were associated with greater poverty risk (p < .001 for all comparisons). Household composition, particularly more children and disabled working-age adults, and fewer paid laborers, was also associated with greater poverty risk (p < .001 for all comparisons). Five key policy areas—child benefits, older-age pensions, disability and sickness insurance, unemployment insurance, and out-of-pocket healthcare spending—represented gaps in the welfare state strongly associated with poverty risk.

Conclusions

The role one inhabits and household composition are associated with poverty risk. This understanding of income distribution and poverty risk may be useful for social policy.