bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kebijakan Dividen, Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Kebijakan Utang Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2020
Authors: Yentisna Yentisna , Risawati Rina
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Managerial Ownership, Dividend Policy, and Profitability on Debt Policy in Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period, the population in this study amounted to 27 people with a sample of 55 respondents. The data was obtained by looking at the financial statements, then processed and tested using SPSS.From the research conducted, it is known that based on the results of hypothesis testing, it is known that the results of hypothesis testing indicate that. Based on a partial hypothesis test (t test) it shows that the managerial ownership variable has no significant effect on DAR. The DPR variable has a positive and significant effect on DAR. And the ROA variable has no significant effect on DAR.
Pemberdayaan Angkatan Laut Nasional Indonesia Dalam Rangka Memperkuat Pertahanan Nasional
Authors: Boy Anugerah
Published: July 2022

As a maritime country, the management of national sea transportation is essential for the government of Indonesia. Sea transportation acts not only as a means of mobilizing people and goods but also as an interconnector among the islands. The government of Indonesia has carried out fairly good management so far. However, the management only focused on the transportation aspect. The management of the national sea transportation must also include state defence aspects as a consequence of maritime state and nation. This research aims to formulate solutions for the empowerment-based national sea transportation management mechanism that can strengthen state defence. This research uses the literature review and desk research as the data collection and analysis methods. The result of the research is the urgency to conduct the empowerment of national sea transportation as a reserve component to strengthen the state defence system.

 

Abstrak

 Sebagai sebuah negara maritim, pengelolaan angkutan laut nasional adalah sebuah keharusan untuk dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Angkutan laut tidak hanya berperan sebagai sarana mobilisasi orang dan barang saja, tapi juga sebagai penghubung antarpulau. Pemerintah Indonesia telah melakukan pengelolaan yang cukup baik hingga saat ini, hanya saja pengelolaannya masih berfokus pada aspek transportasi semata. Padahal, pengelolaan angkutan laut nasional juga harus mencakup aspek pertahanan negara sebagai konsekuensi bangsa dan negara maritim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan solusi terkait mekanisme pengelolaan angkutan laut nasional berbasis pemberdayaan yang mampu memperkokoh pertahanan negara, khususnya pertahanan maritim. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan pustaka. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode desk research. Analisis data menggunakan metode literature review. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah diperlukan pemberdayaan angkutan laut nasional sebagai komponen cadangan dalam rangka memperkokoh sistem pertahanan negara.
Pelaksanaan Isoman Di Rumah Sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Afriyanni Afriyanni , Viviyanti  , Silalahi Roselly Evianty , Buana Sinta , Deliana Eva Yulieta
Published: July 2022

Home isolation is the last alternative to overcome the COVID-19 outbreak if the lack of capacity health service centers and isolation facilities are limited. However, in its implementation, home isolation is considered ineffective and even increases the transmission of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aims to determine the implementation of home isolation of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Pekanbaru City. This study used a mixed-method with a sequential explanatory type, namely conducting quantitative research first, followed by qualitative research to explain the results obtained from quantitative research. The study found that home isolation was not optimal because it was a risk of family member transmission, limited monitoring, and weak financial support. This study recommends the need for financial and material support for self-isolated patients from the government, strengthening coordination between stakeholders related to COVID-19, improving data and information quality, and using monitoring based applications.

Abstrak

Isolasi mandiri (isoman) di rumah merupakan alternatif terakhir upaya penanggulangan wabah COVID-19 jika kapasitas pusat layanan kesehatan dan fasilitas isoman yang tersedia terbatas. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya isoman dinilai tidak efektif bahkan meningkatkan penularan wabah COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan isoman di rumah pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 di Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran dengan jenis eksplanatoris sekuensial. Metode kuantitatif survey online yang didukung oleh data kualitatif menggunakan studi dokumentasi, wawancara mendalam, dan observasi. Hasil analisis data kuantitatif dalam bentuk tabel atau grafik didukung dengan analisis kualitatif dalam bentuk narasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pelaksanaan isoman di rumah masih belum optimal dilakukan karena rentan dengan risiko penularan anggota keluarga, terbatasnya pemantauan petugas baik terhadap kondisi kesehatan pasien maupun kepatuhan pasien isoman serta lemahnya dukungan finansial bagi pasien isoman. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya dukungan finansial dan material dari pemerintah terhadap pasien isoman, penguatan koordinasi antar stakeholders terkait COVID-19, peningkatan kualitas data dan informasi serta penggunaan sistem pemantauan yang berbasis aplikasi.
Analisis Pembangunan Kepemudaan di Kota Banjarbaru menggunakan Pendekatan Indeks Pembangunan Pemuda (Domain Pendidikan dan Lapangan & Kesempatan Kerja)
Authors: Fitriyanti Siska , Pradana Herry Azhar
Published: July 2022

The Youth Development Index (YDI) is an instrument to measure youth development in a region. Youth development is a vital need to prepare quality people for future development. In Indonesia, YDI is only available at the provincial level. However, district and city governments are obliged to apply youth development in regional development planning to support the achievement of provincial YDI. This paper aims to analyze youth development in the education and employment sector in Banjarbaru City based on YDI indicators in these domains: MYS, SM-APK, APK-PT, white-collar entrepreneur, and youth unemployment rate. This study used a qualitative approach and analyzed descriptively exploratory. Primary data were collected through interviews. The source of secondary data was mainly BPS and relevant worksheets. The analysis showed that the MYS and APK SM do well enough, while the APK-PT although above the achievements of the province is still below the national average. In the employment sector, white-collar entrepreneurial youth in Banjarbaru City is above the province and the nation. Youth Unemployment is above province, below the national. The problem in this sector is the mismatch between workforce competence and job opportunities.

Abstrak

Indeks Pembangunan Pemuda (IPP) merupakan suatu instrument untuk mengukur pembangunan kepemudaan di suatu wilayah. Pembangunan kepemudaan sangat penting dalam upaya menyiapkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas untuk melanjutkan pembangunan. IPP di Indonesia baru tersedia di tingkat provinsi, belum sampai ke tingkat kabupaten/kota. Meski demikian, kabupaten/kota juga berkewajiban untuk terus meningkatkan kualitas pembangunan kepemudaan dalam perencanaan pembangunan daerah untuk menunjang capaian IPP provinsi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembangunan kepemudaan di sektor pendidikan dan lapangan & kesempatan kerja di Kota Banjarbaru berdasarkan indikator IPP di 2 domain tersebut, yaitu RLS, APK SM, APK PT, pemuda wirausaha kerah putih, dan TPT pemuda. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan dianalisis secara literatur review. Data primer diambil melalui wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder terutama berasal dari BPS dan dokumen kinerja SKPD yang relevan dengan objek penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa domain Pendidikan sudah cukup baik, sedangkan di domain lapangan dan kesempatan kerja terdapat permasalahan TPT Pemuda yang cukup tinggi karena adanya ketidaksesuaian antara kompetensi tenaga kerja dengan lapangan pekerjaan yang tersedia.
Rekognisi Stres Kerja Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Provinsi Banten Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Mochamad Iqbal Wily , Ema Jumiati Ipah , Yulianti Rina , Maulana Delly
Published: July 2022

The results of the study before the COVID-19 pandemic showed that the prevalence of the Indonesian population experiencing mental-emotional disorders in 2013 was 6.0%. This value increased from 63.33% to 9.8% in 2018. This situation represents that the Indonesian people are vulnerable to psychological or mental-emotional disorders. The existence of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the disruption of the entire system of work mechanisms and social interactions. One of the groups of workers who are at risk of experiencing work stress is the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) at the Leadership Administration Bureau (BAP) of Banten Province. This study aims to measure the level of work stress of ASN in the Bureau for Executive Administration (BAP) of Banten Province. This study aims to measure the work stress scale of ASN in BAP. The results showed the total average score of the work stress level was 2.68, meaning that work stress is in a moderate category which indicates it had enough work stress.
Can the MIT App Inventor® application be integrated into soil protection strategies?
Authors: CIORUȚA Bogdan-Vasile , COMAN Mirela
Published: July 2022

This paper starts from the definition, descriptive characterization, and analysis of the MIT App Inventor® platform, according to the users' perceptions, to emphasize the malleability of the platform to the digital consumer society demands. The analysis of how the App Inventor® can be implemented in soil protection strategies is done in conjunction with the configuration of a digital field agenda. The analysis was conducted in the Office of Informatics, from October 2020 to December 2021, and involved identifying and scoring the elements that can make App Inventor® used to create specific soil protection apps. The analysis methodology included the main components of mobile devices that may be related to the acquisition and processing of field data (camera, video, navigation, map, and other sensors). As a result of the configuration and pre-testing of the application, it was observed that the App Inventor® can be used successfully in soils monitoring and protection.
Synthesis and in vitro Cytotoxic Anticancer Activity of Novel Copper Complexes of Substituted 1H-Benzimidazole
Authors: Rani Kankate , Vijay Gaikwad , Rajendra Niphade , Dinesh Rishipathak , Sanjay Kshirsagar , Sampada Deshmukh
Published: July 2022

Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic activity of novel copper complexes of substituted 1H-Benzimidazole. Promising entities for target- specific next-generation anticancer therapeutics are copper-based compounds. Instead, because of their large range of possible functionalization and coordination modes, benzimidazole scaffolds play an important role. Recently, metal complexes are being hybridized with various moieties to discover new drugs because of their beneficial attributes. Copper is good for synthesizing a metal complex among metals because of its endogenous, redox and DNA cleavage capacity, anti-cancer efficacy and selective permeability reported for cancer cells. In this study, first we synthesized a new series of benzimidazole ligands. Then we have synthesized a series of bidentate copper(II)Benzimidazole complex then characterized by various techniques such as Infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Synthesized compounds further investigated for invitro anticancer activity on the human cell line by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Cytotoxicity was calculated in terms of LC50. Cisplatin was taken as standard for the biological evaluation. In this study it was found that from synthesized 8 complexes the C6 complexes was more cytotoxic than cisplatin, where C3 was least toxic in comparison with standard drug cisplatin. Where complex C1, C2, C4, C5, C7, C8 were moderately cytotoxic as compared to cisplatin.
Catalytic Studies on Complexes of Organic Compounds: Part-5. Review on Use of Chiral Schiff Base Complexes as Catalyst
Authors: Patil C. J. , Salve Sanjiv B.
Published: July 2022

Schiff base and its complexes with catalytic activity have rich diversity and the reactions catalysed by these catalyst were reviewed. These complexes are of salen type and some are of other (Salophen and Salcyclo etc.). Here we have the salen and salcyclo types of the complexes. The varied synthetic ligands are available for asymmetric catalysis. They have been highly enantioselective and of synthetic utility for transformation by catalytic behavior. Their catalysis involves many types of organic reactions such as Diels Alder, Aldol, Epoxidation, Polymerization and many more. In addition, they have exciting therapeutic activity. Literature shows very few oxidation reactions of benzyl alcohol and alkanol types of the compound.
Review article on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method Development and Validation
Authors: Sadaphal Priya , Dhamak Kavita
Published: July 2022

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a type of column chromatography that is commonly used in biochemistry and analysis to separate, identify, and quantify active chemicals. HPLC is the most often used separation technology for detecting, separating, and quantifying the drug. HPLC technique development and validation serve critical roles in novel drug discovery, development, and manufacturing, as well as a variety of other human and animal investigations. This review discusses the many processes involved in developing and validating an HPLC technique. The creation of an HPLC technique is influenced by the chemical structure of the molecules, the synthetic pathway, solubility, polarity, pH and pKa values, and the activity of functional groups, among other factors. Accuracy, accuracy, specificity, linearity, range, limit of detection, the limit of quantification, robustness, and system suitability testing are all included in the validation of an HPLC technique according to ICH Guidelines.
Bacteriological Quality and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Aquatic Environments in Three Local Government Areas of Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: I.R. Iroha , I. Ude-Ude , I.B. Moses , A.C. Nwachi , C.O. Okeh , C.C. Onochie , S. O. Akuma , C. Okoronkwo , C.O. Okafor , K Ovia
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological quality and antibiogram of bacteria isolated from aquatic environments in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A total of 736 water samples, comprising borehole (n=215), ponds (n=111), rivers (n=144), streams (n=117), and wells (n=149) respectively, were collected from three local governments areas (Abakaliki, Ebonyi, and Ikwo) of Ebonyi State over a period of eight (8) months. The collected water samples were analysed using standard microbiology techniques. Isolates were further characterized using API 20E identification system. Total bacterial count was carried out using pour plating technique while antibiotic susceptibility test was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. A total of 308 bacterial isolates; Aeromonas hydrophila (13.9 %), Escherichia coli (15.9 %), and Vibrio cholerae (11.8 %) were obtained in this study. Water samples from Elinwovu River in Abakaliki L.G.A had the highest bacteria load (5.06 x 104 cfu/ml) while borehole water from the same study location had the lowest (1.50 x 104 cfu/ml). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the bacteria load levels in sampled water sources. Bacterial isolates were highly resistant (100 % - 81.6 %) to penicillin, sulphamethoxazole, kanamycin, azithromycin, streptomycin, cephalothin, and cefuroxime but highly susceptible (100 % - 83.1 %) gentamicin, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and chloramphenicol. The multiple antibiotic resistance index values of isolates ranged from 0.47 to 0.50. Our findings reveal the need for treatment of all water samples to make it potable for human consumption and domestic uses. Also, the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the water samples is of serious concern as this could cause serious public health problems, especially waterborne diseases if not properly tackled.
An Ephemeral Review on Malaria
Authors: Shivani Akula , Chittimalla Harika , Vanjari Nikhil Kumar
Published: July 2022

Malaria, of the genus Plasmodium, is caused by the protozoan parasites. Most of the transmission is through the bite of an infected female anopheline mosquito. More than 500 million people are affected with malaria each year, resulting in 1-2 million fatalities. Falciparum is responsible for the majority of malaria deaths. Pregnant women, children, and anyone who are immunocompromised have the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. Myalgias or arthralgia, malaise or weakness, headache, and chills are the most common symptoms. Microscopy, antigen detection, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are among the procedures used to detect malaria parasites. Malaria in pregnancy is a major cause of severe maternal anemia, low birth weight neonates, preterm delivery, and higher infant and maternal death, with primigravidae experiencing these issues more frequently than multigravidae. Chloroquine is the first-line drug for treating three so-called benign malaria, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malaria, and Plasmodium ovale. Artemisinin and derivatives are now mostly used in various regimens. For chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria- quinine, mefloquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and for chloroquine-sensitive; chloroquine or combination of chloroquine or primaquine are used. The steady decline in the effectiveness of existing anti-malarial monotherapies, most endemic countries have adopted artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) Primaquine helps to prevent malaria recurrence. Severe malaria is a multi-organ disease - Cerebral malaria, pulmonary oedema, acute renal failure, severe anaemia, acidosis and hypoglycemia.
An Update on the Ayurvedic Herb Lagenaria siceraria
Authors: Bindiya Ms. , Hegde Karunakar
Published: July 2022

Lagenaria siceraria has traditionally been used in the treatment of a variety of ailments in numerous nations. Herbal medications are a viable alternative to current synthetic treatments since they have few or no adverse effects and are deemed safe for humans. Several bioactive substances, including triterpenoids, sterols, cucurbitacins, flavones, and glycosides, have been identified from Lagenaria siceraria. Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and ascorbic acid are vitamins found in the edible component. Furthermore, bottle gourd is high in minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, as well as a strong source of dietary fibres. Despite this, bottle gourd can be used to treat conditions such as epilepsy and mental problems, and the fibres found in it can help reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. It is used as medicine in India, China, Europe, Brazil, and the Hawaiian Islands, among other places. This review attempts to acknowledge current phytochemical and pharmacological data about this well-known plant species and some interesting topics for future research on Lagenaria siceraria.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Pregabalin and Methylcobalamin in Formulation
Authors: Alekya Padala , Akanksha S. , Anusha K. , Udiyana Upendra , Vanapalli Suresh , Sarakana Naveen , Komali D. , Panda Jagadeesh
Published: July 2022

By considering the current regulatory requirement for an analytical method development, a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for routine analysis of pregabalin and Methylcobalamin has been developed . The optimized method was achieved using unisol C-18 (3 μm, 4.6 ×150 mm) column with mobile phase consisting of mixture of water and methanol (40: 60 v/v) with a flow rate of 0.6ml/min at 210 nm. The optimized method was then validated according to the ICH guidelines. The developed method was found linear over the concentration range of 50-150 μg/ml for pregabalin and 5-15 μg/ml for Methylcobalamin and the detection and quantitation limit was found to be 2.69μg/ml ,8.18 μg/ml for pregabalin and 1.74μg/ml, 5.27μg/ml for Methylcobalamin respectively. Therefore, a sensitive, robust, accurate method was developed with high degree of practical utility.
Morphometric Analysis of Lower End of Human Adult Dry Femur in the Zone of Eastern Odisha – An Observational Study
Authors: Sahu Santosh Kumar , Pradhan Sujita , Mishra Dharma Niranjan
Published: July 2022

The human knee is the largest compound and complex joint in the body involving distal end of femur along with the proximal end of tibia and patella. Accurate morphometric anatomical data of the lower end of femur plays an important role in designing prosthesis material for total knee joint replacement. The aim of our study is to do a morphometric analysis of human adult dry femur bones taking their lower ends into study which would assist orthopedicians in designing appropriate knee prosthesis to ensure early mobility with fewer complications after total knee joint surgery. The present study was a cross-sectional observational study, conducted on 111 human adult dry femur bones obtained from the Department of Anatomy S.C.B. Medical college & Hospital, Cuttack and IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. We selected six parameters related to the lower end of Femur i.e. 1. Bicondylar width (BCW), 2. Medial condylar anteroposterior distance (MCAPD), 3. Lateral condylar antero-posterior distance (LCAPD), 4. Medial condylar transverse distance (MCTD), 5. Lateral condylar transverse distance (LCTD) and 6. Intercondylar notch width (ICW), for our study, based on which the prosthesis for knee joint replacement surgery is made. All measurements from the right and left femur were recorded separately and the data were entered in Microsoft Excel sheet for statistical analysis where p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The average bicondylar width for the right and left sides were 69.31 mm and 70.00 mm. The average medial condylar antero-posterior distance for the right and left sides were 53.70 mm and 54.68 mm. Inter-condylar notch width for the right and left sides were 19.98 and 19.82 mm respectively. In this study, there were no statistically significant differences between the parameters of right and left femur bones. Our study provides morphometric data of measurement of femoral condyles by direct observation method, which may be useful to select accurate knee replacement prosthesis as per measurements, and minimize the post- operative complications after implants. The data will also help orthopedicians to plan placement of intramedullary nails, plates, screws and pins when required.
An Observational Molecular Pharmacological Research Study on the Pharmacodynamic Rationale and Applications of the Pharmaco-Chemo-Immunotherapeutics of Cervical Pre-cancers and Malignancies
Authors: Hazra Dr. Moumita
Published: July 2022

Human papilloma virus (HPV) - associated cervical pre-cancers are very significant treatment points with improved prognosis, if managed immediately. Cervical cancers are typical epithelial malignancies that are difficult to treat when metastatic, with gradual prognostic worsening. Chemotherapy generally consists of combinations of cytotoxic agents, often administered in conjunction with a biological agent. These regimens have limited clinical activity and substantial toxicity, and better treatments are required. Immunotherapy works through different mechanisms than chemotherapy and has been a breakthrough for the treatment of certain malignancies. Targeting HPV oncoproteins with antigen-specific immunotherapy using therapeutic vaccines are under clinical trials for cervical pre-cancers, cervical cancer and metastatic disease treatment. Immunotherapy with PD-1–targeted agents has shown clinical activity in genitourinary and oropharyngeal cancers. The objective of this observational molecular pharmacological research study was to analyse the pharmacodynamic rationale and applications of the pharmaco-chemo-immunotherapeutics of cervical pre- cancers and malignancies. This observational molecular pharmacological research study extensively explored the cervical pre-cancers and cervical malignancies, and the different aspects of cancer pharmaco-chemotherapeutic, onco-immunotherapeutic, onco- radiotherapeutic, surgical oncological and synergistic therapeutic modalities for a comprehensive cervical oncological treatment.
FEDERAÇÃO RUSSA E O POPULISMO AUTORITÁRIO: DAS PARTICULARIDADES DO CONSTITUCIONALISMO À AUTOCRACIA
Authors: Sander Pires Alex
Published: July 2022

Este ensaio tem por objetivo discutir como a Constituição da Federação Russa estimula a reflexão sobre o constitucionalismo moderno fundado, especialmente, no princípio do Estado de direito, no princípio democrático, e no princípio da separação de poderes em leitura que lhes aproxima no âmbito do princípio fundamental da justiça de liberdade em igualdade. A pretensão é de contribuir para a percepção do que se passa na atual política, interna e externa, russa, desenvolvida desde o início do século XX até a reestruturação de tempos atuais com o domínio de Vladimir Putin, tanto pelo centralismo constitucional de legitimação do populismo autoritário como pelas relações beligerantes internacionais recrudescidas nos últimos tempos, desde a invasão da Crimeia, em 2014, e, após, de toda a Ucrânia, em 2022.
BREVES APONTAMENTOS SOBRE A GESTAÇÃO POR SUBSTITUIÇÃO DURANTE A GUERRA DE 2022 NA UCRÂNIA
Authors: Pinheiro Reis Ayres de Britto Nara , Avohay Nascimento de Morais Airana
Published: July 2022

A guerra entre Rússia e Ucrânia convergiu para o advento de crises de ordem econômica, política e social. Entretanto, o destaque do presente texto é fundamentalmente, humanitário. Assim que o ataque militar russo foi lançado, o presidente ucraniano impôs a Lei Marcial no país, onde, na vigência dessa, procede-se com a substituição de leis e autoridades civis pelas militares. Nesse contexto, entretanto, muitas discussões gravitam em torno de prerrogativas postas em xeque, quais sejam, os direitos humanos e fundamentais. Em meio a tantas preocupações, um assunto tem incitado grandes debates: o status dos bebês gerados pelas conhecidas “barrigas de aluguel” no país em conflito. O presente ensaio discute o funcionamento da gestação de substituição na Ucrânia e a fragilidade da sua regulamentação, particularmente neste momento de guerra.
INVASÃO ILÍCITA DA UCRÂNIA | A GUERRA DOS VENCIDOS
Authors: Monteiro Guedes Valente Manuel
Published: July 2022

Este pequeno texto fala-nos de uma realidade jurídico-política assente na derrota de todos, consequência da assertiva teoria do terceiro ausente, alertando que as palavras, que são atos que têm muita força, devem, em muitos momentos, ser substituídas por ações. A falta de consciência histórica gera espaços de tolerância intolerável, de guerra, de morte e da sobrevivência de vencidos.
TRISTE INVASÃO RUSSA: UMA ODE A UMA TUTELA INIBITÓRIA EFETIVA CONTRA VIOLAÇÕES AO DIREITO HUMANITÁRIO
Authors: Demeval Trigueiro do Vale Neto Demétrio
Published: July 2022

Este ensaio tem por objetivo discutir como o Direito Internacional carece de se automatizar com instrumentos jurídicos mais incisivos para lidar com conflitos que ameacem a humanidade. Afinal, onde surge um risco de um conflito com dimensões imprevisíveis, deve haver também uma ordem jurídica apta a salvaguardar parâmetros universais para a garantia de valores tidos como essenciais à espécie humana. A invasão russa à Ucrânia descortina como a soberania dos Estados, entendida como o poder de organizar-se livremente e de fazer valer em seu território a universalidade de suas decisões para a realização do bem comum, é estéril diante do poderio nuclear. Da mesma forma, a invasão russa à Ucrânia deflagra a necessidade de uma remodelagem jurídica do direito à guerra (jus ad bellum), agora desmoralizado em âmbito mundial.
“GUERRAS” QUE ENFRENTAMOS...
Authors: Monteiro Walbert
Published: July 2022

Este ensaio discute o drama que vivemos em meio à nova guerra instalada e seus possíveis efeitos e ameaças do uso de armas nucleares, ainda imersos em uma pandemia e ao “bombardeio” que recebemos de informações desencontradas, contraditórias, falsas, colocando-nos na dúvida cruel sobre os atores envolvidos nessa tragédia. No contexto de todos os acontecimentos históricos, o homem conseguiu provar que a paz é uma utopia. Sua natureza egoísta e concupiscente, a sede de poder e de conquistas materiais, prepondera sobre os sentimentos mais nobres como o amor, o perdão, a misericórdia. E assim caminhamos para uma interminável sucessão de guerras, armadas ou não.
TRABALHO EM TEMPOS DE GUERRA
Authors: Drummond Smith Ruy
Published: July 2022

A história e evolução do direito do trabalho se confundem com as grandes guerras que o mundo atravessou. Após Primeira Guerra Mundial criou-se a Organização Internacional do Trabalho – OIT, com a função precípua de estudar e promover a melhoria das condições dos trabalhadores no mundo. A partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial houve a criação da Organização das Nações Unidas – ONU, por meio da Carta das Nações Unidas. A organização foi criada com o objetivo promover a cooperação internacional e desde 1946, a OIT a integra, sendo a sua primeira agência especializada. Com a guerra entre Rússia e Ucrânia, do ponto de vista do trabalho, as primeiras preocupações que surgem dizem respeito aos refugiados que são recebidos. Neste contexto, o presente artigo procura refletir sobre a situação dos refugiados e a portaria editada pelo governo brasileiro que prevê concessão de visto temporário para acolhida humanitária; sobre os aspectos trabalhistas aplicáveis aos refugiados no Brasil; a situação dos contratos de trabalho existentes em face da guerra deflagrada; a (não) fluência da prescrição trabalhista na guerra; a tradição diplomática do Brasil na mediação dessas questões.
TENDÊNCIAS SECURITÁRIAS UNIVERSAIS EM MOMENTOS DE GUERRA E A NECESSÁRIA PRESERVAÇÃO DE DIREITOS: CONSTITUIÇÃO MUNDIAL?
Authors: Trovão do Rosário Pedro
Published: July 2022

A situação de guerra entre Rússia e Ucrânia sucinta a discussão sobre a necessidade encontrar um meio de prevenção e punição dos infratores, daqueles que cometem atos de barbaridade com o ânimo e repulsa expressos no Preâmbulo da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 1948. Em 2002 o Tribunal Penal Internacional iniciou as suas atividades apenas julgando pessoas singulares pela prática de crimes como: Crimes de genocídio, crimes contra a humanidade, crimes de guerra e crimes de agressão. Em vinte e um casos apreciados pelo Tribunal Penal Internacional, todos eram relativos a Estados africanos. Tal evidencia a fragilidade da solução em diversos aspetos: Da efetividade da ação do Tribunal Penal Internacional, ao espectro da sua ação até à escassez de garantias. Este ensaio procura refletir sobre a construção de uma Constituição Mundial a qual confira direitos, liberdade e garantias a serem impostas ao direito substantivo e adjetivo penal.
The Persistence of Human Capital over Time: Evidence from a Positive Immigration Shock
Authors: Khatri Anoushka
Published: July 2022

In this paper, I study the long-run effects of a positive shock to the labor force in Sao Paulo. Using a dataset based on Brazil and an estimation strategy based on regression analysis, I show both a positive direct and indirect effect of settlement on human capital. Being a recipient of highly skilled immigrants in 1872 is found to be positively associated with a rise in literacy rates, as well as higher per capita income and access to running water.
Современный урок русского языка в национальных школах: проблемы и перспективы
Authors: Умарова Дилмура
Published: July 2022

В статье поднимаются проблемы и перспективы обучения русскому языку в национальной школе, которые имеют воспитательное, образовательное и коммуникативное значение. Задачи обучения состоят в том, чтобы помочь учащимся овладеть русским языком как средством коммуникации, пробудить интерес к изучению русского языка, стремление овладеть им, выработать прочные орфоэпические, орфографические и пунктуационные навыки.
ANÁLISE DO ORÇAMENTO PARTICIPATIVO DO MUNICÍPIO DE CEDRO-PE: EXPERIÊNCIA 2018-2021
Authors: Maria da Silva Fabiana , Casimiro de Sousa Neto Sebastião
Published: July 2022

O Orçamento Participativo está fundamentado na distribuição dos recursos do orçamento público de maneira coerente em consonância com os interesses da sociedade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a experiência do Orçamento Participativo do Município de Cedro-PE, quadrienal 2018-2021. Buscando identificar o processo de implementação do Orçamento Participativo no Município de Cedro-PE. Analisar os processos orçamentários e de participação popular do Orçamento Participativo do Município e analisar o desempenho do modelo de OP desenvolvido pela experiência de Cedro-PE. As peças orçamentárias pesquisadas: Plano Plurianual (PPA), Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDO) e Lei Orçamentária Anual (LOA). Juntamente com outros documentos pertinentes ao OP do referido município, apresenta o método orçamentário desenvolvido, referente ao período de 2018 a 2021. Obtidas por meio do portal do governo municipal. A análise do trabalho segue a metodologia apresentada por Marquetti (2007), com base na experiência de Porto Alegre. A metodologia consiste na análise de três dimensões: definição das preferências, tomada de decisões, e o controle. Constatou-se que a experiência de OP do Cedro, é caracterizada como Orçamento Consulta Pública. O modelo de OP de Cedro-PE, apresentou baixo desempenho, uma vez que a sociedade tem baixo poder de organização e participação nas decisões de alocação dos recursos. Bem como, nas fases de execução e controle do orçamento.
Accelerating Agriculture and Rural Development for Inclusive Growth: Policy Implications for Developing Asia
Authors: Nazeerudin Nazeerudin
Published: July 2022

Developing Asia stands witness to the impact of economic growth on poverty reduction. The incomes and quality of life for many people have improved and poverty levels are falling. But results vary with rural growth lagging behind urban growth in many countries and subregions. Two thirds of the region’s 3 billion people live in rural areas, and in India, for example, 74 percent of people classified as poor are in rural areas (ADB 2004). The difference in urban and rural growth and poverty outcomes is socially and politically untenable, as witnessed in the recent election in India. Rural poverty problems in many cases become urban poverty problems through rising pressure on cities to absorb rural migrants needing jobs, homes, and services. Pre-1980s, the rural economic problem was commonly seen as undersupply of affordable food and raw materials to support industrialization as the engine of rapid growth. The strategy greatly influenced the design and choice of public policies. Overvalued exchange rates were intended to help new industries establish domestic markets and lower costs of imported materials, but lowered the domestic currency earnings for farmers in export markets. Administered food prices lowered consumer prices but lowered returns to farmers as well. Agricultural commodities and land were heavily taxed to force the transfer of resources out of rural areas. Farm input subsidies encourage production of food crops but lead to resource wastage, and often benefit well-to-do farmers. Such policy biases lower agriculture’s terms of trade, distort market signals, and undermine agricultural growth (Krueger 1992).In the above back setting. An attempt is made to briefly outlines the potential for agriculture and rural development as a critical force for inclusive growth and sustained poverty reduction and reviews experiences in the Asian region with agriculture in economic transformation. It highlights major policy challenges for accelerating agriculture and rural development.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Triazols Derivatives as C-Steel Reducing of Corrosion in Acidic Medium
Authors: Abed May Jaleel , Hamzah Ahmed Ebrahim , Alasedi Kasim Kadhim
Published: July 2022

Six derivatives of novel triazoles were produced from some substituted benzoic acid with thiocarbazide via method of grinding. The produced Chemicals were described via 1HNMR, IR, and 13CNMR spectra examinations. Produced derivatives of C2H3N3 were examined and assessed as reducing of corrosion in 0.5 M HCl for low-C steel utilizing procedure of losing weight. It was noticed that such chemicals had an encouraging act as reducer counter to mild steel corrosion of in solution being acidic. Reducing of maximum action was assessed at various concentrations and temperature of effector. Competence of corrosion reducer surpassed 96%. The exceptional action was due to inhibitor films adsorption development on surfacing steel. Reducing adsorption on surface of steel tracked Langmuir adsorption isotherm (LAI). The results were long-established BY theoretical calculations of quantum chemistry.
A Review on Antibiotic Resistance in Microorganisms
Authors: Jassim Yazi Abdullah
Published: July 2022

Antibiotic resistance occurs when microorganisms develop mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antibiotics. Resistant microorganisms are more difficult to treat, require higher doses or alternative therapies may be more toxic, as well as more expensive. Microorganisms that are able to resist many antibiotics are called multi-resistant. All kinds of microorganisms can develop this ability to resist; Fungi develop resistance against antifungals, viruses develop resistance against antivirals, protozoa develop resistance against protozoa, and bacteria develop resistance against antibiotics. Resistance arose naturally either through genetic mutations or through the transmission of resistance from one sex that has acquired it to another that has not yet acquired it, in particular. Accordingly, it is urgent to reduce the misuse of antibiotics by not using them only when they are really needed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Copolyester from Curcumin Mono-Carbonyl Analogues
Authors: Almayyahi Muhanad T. , Saleh Basil A. , Almayyahi Baqer A.
Published: July 2022

Nine copolyesters were prepared from a dicarboxylic acid, curcumin analogues (monocarbonyl) and phenophthalene dye in the mole ratio of 2:1:1 by direct polycondensation using triethylamine (Et3N) as the condensation agent. The dicarboxylic used is 2,6-Pyridine dicarbonyl dichloride acid. The curcumin analogues were prepared by acid catalyzed Aldol condensation reaction. These copolyesters were characterized by FT-IR. The fluorescence of the synthesized copolyesters was also investigated. Furthermore, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the thermal stability of these copolymers.
New Homo and Heterobinuclear Macrocyclic Complexes Bearing Isatine Structural Characterization, Thermal Study and DFT Calculations
Authors: Rasheed Anaam , Albayati Senan , Alazawi Sarab , Zuhair Enas , Merza Mudeer , Abid Khalil
Published: July 2022

A new metal-free macrocyclic Schiff base ligand bearing two metal cavities incorporated with two sets of N3O2 donor atoms derived from 2, 6-diaminopyridine and isatine was synthesized. The new ligand was used to prepare homo and hetero binuclear macrocyclic Schiff base complexes with Ni (II), Cu (II), ZrO (II) and Ba (II) metal ions. The ligand and metal complexes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV–vis, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis (CHN), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), magnetic susceptibility, and molar conductivity measurements. The DFT calculations using the B3LYP functional method have been applied to obtain the geometry and electronic properties of the ligand and its metal complexes to support the experimental data. To describe the reactivity of the title molecules, the HOMO and LUMO levels and Mulliken atomic charges were determined.
Identification of Pathogenic Fungi in Renal Transplant Patients by Conventional and Molecular Methods
Authors: Jabbar Faheema , Al-Attraqchi Azhar A. , Alkhayyat Dina Nabeel
Published: July 2022

Opportunistic fungal infections due to the immune- compromised status of renal transplant patients are related to high rates of morbidity and mortality regardless of their minor incidence. Delayed in identification of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), will lead to delayed treatment and results in high mortality in those populations. The study aimed to assess the frequency of invasive fungal infection in kidney transplant recipients by conventional and molecular methods. This study included 100 kidney transplant recipients (KTR) (75 males, and 25 females), collected from the Centre of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation in the Medical City of Baghdad. Blood samples were collected during the period from June 2018 to April 2019. Twenty one out of 100 renal-transplanted patients were infected with pathogenic fungi, four of the patients were females and 17 were males. There is an observation of a high incidence of fungemia in patients with the abnormal value of blood urea according to PCR and culture results. Referring to fungal isolates the most prevalent was Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which account for 19 isolates out of 21 the other two isolates were Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Aspergillus flavus. The results of the current study show significant correlation between PCR and culture methods at (P<0.0009).
Estimation of Botanical Diversity by Molecular Marker Methods
Authors: Al-Yassiry Zahraa A. N. , Al-Alwani Basheer
Published: July 2022

Various molecular methods could be utilized in order to investigate botanical diversity. Arbitrary primed DNA, variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and sequence-tagged simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are all briefly reviewed. DNA-based approaches have recently been proved to be useful for crucial tasks, like specimen identification and targeted screening for expected or known invaders, according to a recent study. Prior to more ambitious applications, as extensive surveys of complex environmental samples and propagule pressure prediction, could be conducted, considerable technological obstacles should be solved. The aim of the current review was to estimate the molecular techniques used for assessing the genetic diversity of plants. The degree of variation among the plant species based on genetics is described as the genetic diversity of plants, evaluating the possible value regarding the current invasive species monitoring methods.
A Review on Synthesis, Reaction and Biological Importance of Isatin Derivatives
Authors: Al-Khuzaie Mohammed G. A. , Fahad Mahmood M. , Al-Safi Ahmed Jalil
Published: July 2022

Isatin is a heterocyclic nitrogen compound that has attracted much interest in recent years due to its diverse biological and pharmacological activities. It can be used in many medical and biological applications, such as antidiabetic, antibiotic, and anticancer agents. The isatin molecule can also be prepared from different substrates by various methods, such as the methods of Sandmeyer, Stolle, Gassman, Meanwell and Hewawasam and others. On the other hand, the isatin molecule can undergo various chemical reactions, such as oxidation, Friedel-Crafts reaction, ring expansion, aldol condensation, and alkylation reactions. As a result of these reactions, several biologically useful biomolecules are formed, including 2-oxindoles, tryptanthrin, indirubins and others. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide an overview of the synthetic methods of the isatin molecule and its derivatives and to examine the various chemical reactions it undergoes. In addition, a list of some of the recently documented biological activities of isatin derivatives was compiled, such as antidiabetic, antibacterial, anticancer, and other properties.
Correlation between Vitamin D3 Supplementation and Lipidemia in Women of Maysan Province, Iraq with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Al-Sadkhan Ahmed Salim Shantah , Ali Dawood S. , Alluaibi Salah Sh.
Published: July 2022

A total of 130 overweight Iraqi women with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, the ages of the women ( 28 to 60) years, were divided into groups, group 5000 IU (65 women) as group A and control (65 women) as group B. were participants from The Specialized Center for Diabetes in Maysan Province and its related areas in the countryside and the city for this double-blind, randomized control trial (Maysan Province, Iraq). A placebo and 5000 IU of D3 daily were given to the participants for four months. Laboratory tests were conducted at baseline and four months to analyze serum levels. After four months of treatment, positive changes in total cholesterol, D3 levels, and LDL cholesterol. There was no statistically meaningful change in HDL and TG concentration, and there were no significant differences in age and place of residence. According to this study, vitamin D may help type 2 diabetics lower their total cholesterol and LDL concentrations.
SYNTHESIS OF ZIRCONIUM OXIDE CATALYST SUPPORTED ON CARBONIZED MATERIAL FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE VEGETABLE OIL
Authors: BABATUNDE Esther Olubunmi , ADERIBIGBE Fatai Alade , JOSEPH Isaac Adekunle , ARE Comfort Temitope , PAUL-LASISI Joshua Oluwatobi
Published: July 2022

Background: In line with the current global energy crisis, there is an urgent need to seek cheap energy sources. This study has utilized waste materials for synthesizing biodiesel, an environmentally friendly alternative energy. Aim: This study aimed to prepare low-cost carbon-based zirconium impregnated heterogeneous catalysts using wood dust to produce biodiesel from waste vegetable oil (WVO). Methods: Response Surface Methodology via Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) optimized the biodiesel production process. The physico-chemical properties of waste vegetable methyl ester were determined following the American Standard Testing of Materials (ASTM). In addition, the catalyst morphology and elemental composition were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX), respectively. Results and Discussion: The optimum conditions were observed to be 8:1 methanol/oil ratio, 5 wt% catalyst loading, 55 °C temperature, and 3 hours of reaction time. The corresponding response was observed to be 98.39%. Conclusions: The experimental analysis confirmed that the synthesized catalyst from wood dust under optimized conditions transesterified the waste vegetable oil into biodiesel with properties that comply with American Standard Testing of Materials.