bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of mass-transfer processes of fish convective dehydration
Authors: Ershov M A , Ershov A M , Selyakov I Y , Ereshchenko V V
Published: August 2020

This article presents the efficiency considerations of the dehydration process in production of dried and cold-smoked fish. Fish loses its moisture more intensively at the stage of constant dehydration rate, then at the stage of drying rate decline the intensity of moisture removal decreases. The task of this research is to design the technology allowing the effective moisture removal not only during the stage of constant dehydration rate, but also during the stage of drying rate decline. During the dehydration the moisture of macro- and microcapillaries of the near-surface area of fish disappear from the product with the most and constant rate. As a result of this phenomenon, a dry area with low moisture conductivity features appear near the surface. The dehydration may be turned to the phase of active moisture transfer, if the crust is removed by refilling the capillaries of the dehydrated area with the remained moisture from inside the product. The suggested method involves looped processes of drying and relaxation of the material at the stage of drying rate decline. The dehydration and eigen relaxation of the material occur on every linear element of transfer. The relaxation of the dehydrated near-surface area is caused from entering the internal moisture of the product in that area. On the next interval of the moisture content change, the product enters the dehydration process with high conductivity features in its all parts again. The calculation method for the beginning of relaxation regime in the dehydration process has been advised. The beginning should align with the time of the second critical point appearing on the kinetics curve of fish dehydration. According to the proposed technology of producing smoked fish, the electricity consumption decreases by 8 – 12 % in comparison with the traditional technology at the same process duration.
Cryoextrusion in technologies for processing aquatic biological resources
Authors: Golubeva O A , Titova S A , Malaeva A V
Published: August 2020

The Murmansk region is a coastal region and an integral part of the Arctic economic zone of Russia with its unique geographical location. The development of the regional fishing industry reaches a high level, which makes it possible to fully use the entire range of hydrobionts both for food and forage purposes. Freezing is used as a way to preserve such products in the conditions of fish processing enterprises and fishing vessels in order to improve the safety of proteins, vitamins and minerals in the composition of extracted marine products. To involve in the processing of certain types of raw materials that are difficult to traditional cutting and grinding in thawed form (small fish raw materials, secondary fish raw materials, including waste from cutting fish-heads, gills, vertebrae, trimmings), as well as for algae, it seems rational to carry out technological processes for their processing (including grinding) in conditions of negative temperatures, preventing the phase transition of moisture into a liquid state. Due to grinding in the final product (semi-finished product, minced mass), the availability of nutrients increases. Grinding using the cryoextrusion method, that is, pressing frozen raw materials through a die with holes of a certain diameter, which is based on the cutting ability of intracellular and intercellular ice, allows you to eliminate moisture and nutrient losses, reduce the time and energy costs of defrosting. The semi-finished product obtained by cryoextrusion can be stored for a long time in a frozen state or used to produce a finished product.
Development and creation of an innovative scientific and educational cluster for the integrated use of coal and its products
Authors: Murko V I , Protopopov E V , Temlyantsev M V , Chaplyigin V V , Litvinov Yu A , Volkov M A
Published: August 2020

The article proposes to implement a cluster approach to training, development and creation of high-tech industries in the field of processing of coal raw materials with obtaining end products with high added value. The main technological processes used are: preparation and burning of coal water slurry, based the finely dispersed coal preparation waste as well, liquefaction of demineralized coal and coal slime using a complex of high-energy influences (cavitation, ultrasonic and electric pulse), processing of waste from coal processing plants, bottom ash wastes as a basis for filling mixtures in the dead underground workings and open-pit mines. The implementation of the proposed cluster approach will allow the current scientific and practical problems facing the region in the field of coal mining and processing to be solved.
Functional status technological equipments modelling
Authors: Makarov G V , Tamarkina E V , Lyakhovets M V , Salamatin A S
Published: August 2020

The paper deals with the modeling of the functional states of technological equipment that receive logical values “0” and “1” depending on the combination of input and output signals. The following functional states are possible: “Work”, “Ready”, “Not ready”, “Fault”. Model development these states and their minimization are possible by various methods, for example, with the help of Karnaugh maps, terminal machines, etc. The model variant for the simplest unit, obtained with the help of Karnaugh maps method, is presented. The application of this type of models is necessary for the typification of technological equipments, can be used to create logical control systems and integration into digital twins of complex production.
Technology for producing high-quality manganese concentrates from ferromanganese concretions and polymetallic manganese-containing ores
Authors: Nokhrina O I , Rozhikhina I D , Proshunin I E
Published: August 2020

The results of studies of ferromanganese concretions enrichment using various solvents are presented. Universal technologies were proposed for processing manganese raw materials, including its autoclave leaching with aqueous solutions of chlorides, which allow manganese to be extracted into solution from compounds of various oxide and carbonate forms. Manganese recovery is over 90%. The introduction of ferrous manganese concretions into the chlorine-calcium enrichment process allows the extraction of manganese to be increased by 2.3, cobalt by 3.2, and nickel by 2.5 times. The leaching of ferromanganese concretions by aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid with the neutralization of its excessive concentration by the introduction of carbonate manganese ore makes it possible to extract non-ferrous metals in the solution of 99.80 – 99.88% and up to 95.4% Mn. As a result of enrichment, manganese, copper-nickel-cobalt and iron concentrates can be obtained.
Development of methods for calculating the solidification time of castings and ingots in metal mold
Authors: Deev V B , Prikhodko O G , Prusov E S , Protopopov E V , Temlyantsev M V , Kutsenko A I , Shunqi Mei , Ri E Kh , Bazlova T A , Smetanyuk S V , Sokorev A A
Published: August 2020

A technique has been developed for calculating the solidification time of castings and ingots in metal form, taking into account not only the thermophysical properties of the casting materials and molds, but also the heat transfer conditions at the “casting – mold” interface, the dissipation of the heat flux from the crystallization front to the heating of the chill mold and into the environment.
New production technology of screw sections by drawing
Authors: Fastykovskii A R , Chinokalov E V , Prudnikov A N , Oskolkova T N
Published: August 2020

The development of engineering and technology necessitates the search for new solutions related to the release of innovative products with high added value, which include long-length cold-worked screw sections. An analysis of the methods for producing long screw profiles is made, as a result of which a new method is proposed that differs from the known methods by the absence of a twisting operation for forming a helical surface. This feature of the new method for producing long screw profiles simplifies the design of the device and reduces energy consumption. The influence of the workpiece diameter and the number of passes of the helical surface on energy consumption was studied, and a comparative schedule was constructed that proves the advantages of the proposed method for producing screw sections by drawing. For the strength analysis of equipment, a dependence is proposed by which the force that occurs when drawing long screw profiles can be found, taking into account the deformation conditions and design features of the device forming the screw surface. Using the fourth theory of strength, a dependence is obtained to determine the condition that guarantees the absence of breaks in the process of drawing a screw profile.
Modelling of conditions of manganese reduction with carbon, silicon and aluminum
Authors: Rybenko I A , Nokhrina O I , Rozhikhina I D , Proshunin I E , Golodova M A
Published: August 2020

The paper contains the research results of the process of manganese oxides reduction by various types of reducers − carbon, silicon and aluminum, the purpose of which is definition of a possibility of the use of carbon-bearing material (coke, silicon carbide), ferrosilicon and aluminum by production of alloys of manganese and direct alloying of steel in a ladle by manganese and definition of optimal conditions of implementation of these processes.
Software and hardware for integrated ACS of casting quality
Authors: Knyazev S V , Usoltsev A A , Skopich D V , Sokolov B M , Oznobikhina N V
Published: August 2020

The implementation of the “Automated system for the operational control of castings production (AS OCCP)” is the first stage and the basis of the integrated automated production control system. It performs three main tasks: control and accounting (the course of production, products, materials, etc.), improvement of the casting quality and the operational control of technological processes. The second stage is based on mathematical processing and analysis of data coming from AS OCCP, which allows the optimal ranges of parameters of technological processes – “Automated system for optimization and analysis of production progress (AS OAPP)” to be determined. AS OAPP consists of two subsystems: quality analysis (QAS) and technology Control (TCS). The first one solves the problems of data analysis and modeling, the second one – real-time calculation of optimal process parameters and forecasting. The tasks of the first and second stages compete for access to different hardware resources. The most critical parameter for the AS OCCP is the performance of the server disk arrays, for the AS OAPP is the processor performance. In both cases, the scaling of the system is effectively solved by parallelizing operations on different servers that make up the cluster, and on different processors (cores) on the same server.
Influence of samarium and europium on Al+1.9%Mn alloy phase composition and microstructure
Authors: Umarova T M , Normahmedov O
Published: August 2020

The experimental results were proposed on the base of the research of the X-ray phase and microstructural analysis of eutectic structured aluminum-manganese alloy, modified by samarium and europium (up to 0.10 wt. %). The optimal concentration of europium was determined by the metallographic microscopy in order to obtain a fine dispersed structure. The results of microstructural analysis indicate the effectiveness of modifying the aluminum-manganese alloy of the eutectic composition with samarium and europium, especially Eu, in the existence of which the primary precipitates become compact, leading to a spherical shape, which allows us to consider the synthesized Al-1.9% Mn-0.05% Eu alloy in the future as a more promising (compared with the Al + 1.9% Mn alloy doped by samarium) structural material with improved physicochemical properties.
Electromechanical installation based on a powerful current pulse generator for materials treatment
Authors: Kuznetsov V A , Kuznetsova E S , Gromov V E , Peregudov O A , Rubannikova Yu A
Published: August 2020

The electromechanical device containing an electromagnetic solenoid with a piston operating in the reciprocating motion mode was developed. Technologies with similar operating modes are widely used in various industries. Economical generator of powerful unipolar current pulses with unique systems is used in the electromechanical device. It allows its main parameters to be regulated in a wide range and with high speed: pulse reproduction frequency and amplitude. The principle of generator operation is based on the periodic discharge of pre-charged capacitors to a low-resistance active-inductive load. The parameters of the mechanical and electrical parts of the electromechanical device are calculated: the initial coordinate of the piston, the magnetomotive force resulting from a change in the inductance L(x), the spring elasticity, the resistance force of the piston proportional to its speed, amplitude, duration and frequency of current pulses. A simulation model of the device in the environment of Matlab-Simulink was developed. Plots of transients during the device idling and under load were constructed. The analysis of the device operating modes was performed. The developed electromechanical installation allows the process parameters to be adjusted.
Testing experimental parts of metallurgical units for wear and impact in industrial conditions
Authors: Issagulov A Z , Kvon Sv S , Kulikov V Yu , Aubakirov D R , Chsherbakova Ye P , Dostayeva A M
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the results of industrial testing parts made of experimental wear-resistant alloys. Cast iron was smelted with a high content of nickel and vanadium and steel with alloying elements, which vary widely over from 15% to thousandths. The prototypes wear resistance was increased by about 30-34%. The work was performed at Karaganda State Technical University. These studies were carried out as a part of the grant of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan BR05236295 “Designing, Developing and Implementing Technologies of Producing and Machining New Generation Wear-Resistant Materials for Obtaining Parts of Metallurgical Units”.
High-temperature gas corrosion of cast-iron sections of the EcoSøderberg cell collecting bell
Authors: Temlyantsev M V , Pinaev E A , Deev V B , Temlyantseva E N , Kuvshinnikova N I
Published: August 2020

Investigations of the structure, chemical, mineralogical and phase composition of corrosion products of cast-iron sections of the EcoSøderberg cell collecting bell were carried out. Structural features of the scale were established using electron microscopy. The mechanism of corrosion products formation in the form of loose scale was proposed and scientifically substantiated.
Numerical modeling and optimization of geometric parameters of a composite bracket
Authors: Akhmadullina Guzel , Shmelev Gennady , Antonov Anatoliy , Gimazetdinov Aivaz , Fahrutdinov Rinat
Published: August 2020

The article presents the development and research results of the stress-strain state of a new composite bracket structural solution. The basic scheme of the invention and its application in hinged facade systems are described. The main feature of the developed design solution is the production of various shapes profiles made of aluminum alloys: a U-shaped profile with a wall thickness that varies along the length and an L-shaped uneven profile. Both parts of the bracket are made of aluminum alloys using extrusion method, which allows producing a profile of different shape on terms of area. The results of numerical modeling and selection of optimal geometric and physical-mechanical characteristics of the developed composite bracket in the software package are presented. The actual loads, impacts and operating conditions are taken into account. Based on the results of numerical studies, it is found out that the developed type of the bearing bracket meets the requirements of strength, rigidity and stability. The additional optimization allows reducing the weight of the bracket compared to the original model without significantly reducing the bearing capacity.
Experimental research of masonry arches under the influence of the movement of supports
Authors: Pavlov Valerii , Khorkov Evgeny , Mirsayapov Ilshat
Published: August 2020

The authors of the article investigate new design solutions for the restoration of damaged masonry vaults and arches. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the deformability of reinforced and unreinforced masonry arches on lime-sand solutions during normal operation with a fracture factor (horizontal and vertical movement of the support). During the study numerical and physical experiments were carried out. The article also presents the results of observations of the basement floor of the building of the Kazan Hotel on Bauman Street, Kazan, Russia. The study allowed authors to determine the deformation and crack formation of masonry arches. The experiment included a test of an unreinforced arch, until damage was obtained when a support movement occurred. At the second stage of the experiment, the damaged arch was strengthened by the developed method, and its further testing was carried out. The study allowed authors to determine the vertical displacement of the arch before and after amplification. According to the test results, one can make an assumption about the change in the deformability and destruction of the reinforced masonry arch. The reason for this may be a halt in the development of cracks that have appeared and a change in vertical displacements.
Numerical study on masonry vaults reinforced by composite
Authors: Fabrichnaya Ksenia
Published: August 2020

The article describes numerical study of masonry vaults, based on steel beams, reinforced with carbon fiber composites. Two amplification systems were investigated: a solid mortar with an embedded grid and a discrete one in the form of tapes (stripes). Numerical simulation based on nonlinear analysis revealed the amplification efficiency under different arrangements, cracking and destructive load, the stress-strain state of the vaults. Many models are considered: not strengthening; not strengthening with damage; reinforced without damage, reinforced with damage. The simulation results in ANSYS PC were compared with each other to assess changes in the bearing capacity and the nature of the destruction of the samples. The span of steel beams is 5 meters, the span of the arch is 1.1 meters, the rise of the arch is 120 mm, the thickness is 120 mm. The load on the vaults is applied evenly distributed. The material of the vaults is ceramic solid brick on a lime-cement mortar. The experimental results on unreinforced structures are compared with those obtained on the strengthened ones in terms of failure mode, maximum load, stiffness and ductility.
Studying fatigue life of macadam and mastic asphalt concrete with various binders
Authors: Kuznetsov Dmitry , Burmistrova Olgs , Burgonutdinov Albert , Vysotskaya Marina
Published: August 2020

The article shows the results of fatigue life tests of macadam and mastic asphalt concrete made with use of a bituminous binder of various PG marks. The optimal compositions of the samples of macadam and mastic asphalt concrete characterized by close residual porosity to exclude its effect on the physical and mechanical properties and indicators of fatigue life are selected. A Cooper CRT-SA4PT-BB-16 testing machine was used to evaluate the fatigue life of macadam and mastic asphalt concrete, testing beam specimens for four-point bending. The following test protocol was used in the work: a loading frequency of 10 Hz, a test temperature of + 20 ° C, a decrease in the rigidity of the samples to 50% of the initial value and the number of cycles was recorded. Based on the analysis of the obtained dependences: strength indicators, mixture stiffness and fatigue life, it is shown that there is no linear relationship between the mark of bitumen binder and the fatigue life of a road composite made on its basis, therefore, focus on PG mark of bitumen to design the composites of durable asphalt concrete with predetermined properties is not enough.
Multivariate model of construction project operational efficiency
Authors: Shagiakhmetova Elvira , Borovskikh Olga , Nizamova Adilya , Kazymova Tatiana
Published: August 2020

Economic efficiency during the entire life cycle of a property is crucial when making a decision on an investment. The resulting performance indicators are influenced by various underlying factors. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of the factors influence on the final result. The study considers an apartment building and 50 variants of the project implementation according to the chosen factors, which are construction period, selling price per square meter, discount rate, land plot cost and construction cost of one square meter. The net present value of the project (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) were selected as the resulting indicator. When performing the calculations, following method were used: project net present value calculation method (NPV); method for calculating the discounted payback period (PP); method for calculating the internal rate of return (IRR), sensitivity analysis, multiple correlation and regression analysis (multiple regression). We found that the selling price and construction cost of one square meter of the property affect the most on the net present value of the project (NPV). The obtained model can be used by investors to simulate various options for the effective projects implementation in changing environment.
Development of innovative phosphogypsum processing technologies as a factor of import substitution in the rare-earth metal market
Authors: Kukin Leonid , Okolelova Ella , Kukina Olga , Zolotukhin Sergey , Eremin Andrey , Volokitin Vladimir
Published: August 2020

An innovative method for the differentiated processing of the phosphogypsum chemical production is proposed. It consists in the simultaneous paving materials production in the form of paving slabs and a concentrate of non-radioactive rare earth metals. Russia currently does not perform large-scale mining of rare-earth metals; its share in the world market is a little over 1%. Today, China is the undisputed world leader in rare earth metals trading. Therefore, production of these necessary for high-tech industries elements of phosphogypsum waste allows the most important current tasks solution, the problem of import phaseout. The experimental studies have shown that the profitability index of the proposed innovative technology production will be more than 50%, which suggests its high economic efficiency. All manufacturers using new technologies and materials in their activities are concerned about the risks. In the studied case, the technology is so low-cost and highly profitable that the impact of risks is almost completely leveled. The technology developed by the authors is based on the formation of the regulation and self-organization principles in the phosphoric acid and mineral fertilizers production. This scientific research contributes to the efficiency improvement of the corporate mechanism used in the innovative technology for phosphogypsum waste processing.
About explosive technology of building road embankments, tunnels, canals
Authors: Tuktamyshov Nail
Published: August 2020

Performing different works (construction of road embankments, canals, tunnels, moving some soil mass in a given direction), as well as construction of various towers, power transmission supports, foundations for bridge supports, special pits for anchors is carried out by explosive technologies. When carrying out excavation works related to the construction of road embankments, trenches, wells, cord charges are used. From the mathematical point of view, the calculation of such charges presents the problem of determining the movement of soil particles in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the corded charge. Calculation of geometrical characteristics of the above construction works is based on impulse-hydrodynamic setting, having “liquid” and “solid-liquid” varieties. The work gives two examples of calculations within both productions. In the first problem, within the framework of the solid-liquid model, the entire boundary of the channel is determined in the case of an explosion of a square charge, while in the second problem the explosion of two charges, when there is a circular cylinder in the ground, is investigated.
Determination of the real energy efficiency of the inlet ventilation air heater and air curtain
Authors: Mozgova Anna , Shennikova Tatyana
Published: August 2020

The energy efficiency of the heater depends on the U-value at certain energy costs. The article considers the calculation method for the heater performance efficiency in the inlet ventilation and air curtain of the garages for 100 and 75 motor vehicles of the largest industrial enterprise rendering transport services in transportation of loose cargoes, including ores and metal-containing products, large-sized and heavy cargoes, hazardous cargoes etc. The ventilation systems of the surveyed garages are combined with air heating. In order to determine the efficiency of the air handling units, the heat carrier flow through the heater, heat carrier temperature and the air temperature at the inlet and outlet of the air heater, the flow of heated air and the phase currents through the fan motor have been measured. Basing on the instrumental measurements carried out, the calculation results for the air heater thermal performance and the air consumption have been presented, and the determination method for the real U-value and the thermal efficiency of the examined heaters has been provided. Recommendations have also been made to improve their performance. This method is an important hands-on recommendation for the engineers serving air handling units and for the departments developing energy-saving activities for industrial enterprises.
The environmental component of construction projects in the aspect of sustainable development
Authors: Dzhidzhelava Diana , Fedina Anastasiya
Published: August 2020

The authors of the article pay special attention to the environmental component in substantiating the significance of construction projects and focuses on the synthesis of such aspects as: social, economic and environmental in formulating the concept of «sustainable development». A comprehensive assessment of these aspects and their quantitative expression can serve as a basis for establishing causal relationships that determine the ecological situation in a particular territory, and can also be used to develop measures for environmental protection, and as a result, for the harmonious implementation of the construction project in the formation of a comfortable urban environment. The article summarizes the results of the analysis of causal relationships, revealing the direction of eliminating the negative impact of factors on the environment and developing environmental measures for inclusion in the design documentation of the construction project. In the south of the Tyumen region, the determining direction for improving project documentation should be the VIII section of the Technical Project, which, in turn, requires the implementation of strict control over the implementation of declared environmental measures in terms of reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere.
Sustainable cities: major challenges and trends
Authors: Afanasyeva Albina , Safma Roza , Kursina Irina
Published: August 2020

The world community begins realizing that human activity in urban systems has led to a socio-ecological crisis over the course of the development of civilization. The way out of this crisis is possible only through the formation of a new approach to the development of a sustainable habitat for existing population groups, excluding the possibility of large-scale destruction of the natural environment as a result of meeting human needs. In this regard, the term “sustainable city (eco-city)” appears in scientific circulation, which currently does not have a clear agreed definition. Generally, development experts agree that a sustainable city must meet the needs of the population without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The ambiguity in this idea leads to large variations in how cities perform in their attempts to become sustainable. In these conditions, the task of creating an effective mechanism for managing urban sustainability becomes complex, including work on creating a concept, strategy and program for sustainable development of all subsystems of the city. Thus, the idea of sustainable eco-city development can and should become our national idea and play an important role in determining state priorities and prospects for further economic growth.
Availability of innovative housing from the perspective of sustainable construction
Authors: Afanasyeva Albina , Fedorova Svetlana , Yulbarisova Guzalia
Published: August 2020

One of the most pressing socio-economic tasks of modern Russia, on which the prospects for its modernization depend, is the development of sustainable construction as a factor in improving the quality of life of the population. The achievement of this goal is largely mediated by the solution of the housing issue, its comfort, environmental friendliness and innovation. In this regard, the current and future dynamic development of housing construction requires the use of only advanced energy-efficient and innovative technologies and building materials.

Socio-economic accessibility is a fundamental factor in the development of ecological construction using innovative technologies. However, the use of expensive technologies, on the one hand, is primarily associated with a long payback period, which means complete rejection of mass construction, and on the other hand, the increase in the cost of housing, which means an increase in the availability coefficient. Indeed, today more Russian citizens have an increasing problem of purchasing housing, while the availability of innovative housing remains a priority only for a select category of citizens. This article analyzes the problems of socio-economic accessibility of innovative housing from the perspective of sustainable construction through the prism of implementation of legislative norms and strategies.
Sustainable Development of Civil and Residential Real Estate Based on the Construction Waste Recycling
Authors: Avilova Irina P. , Krygina Alevtina M. , Krygina Natalya M. , Koshlich Yuri A. , Oberemok Marina I.
Published: August 2020

The work is devoted to assessing the environmental and economic efficiency of construction waste recycling concerning the sustainable development of civil real estate. The crisis processes in the micro-and macro-level economy has a negative impact on the Russian investment and construction complex, which threatens the national task performance to provide affordable housing within implementation of the investment programs financed by municipal and federal budgets. It is shown that one of the directions of sustainable reproduction of real estate objects in modern socio-economic conditions is the optimal design and selection of materials using innovative recycling technologies. Low rates of retiring areas replacement and a steady trend of growth in the volume of construction industry waste is observed. This approach is focused on solving two global problems: the economic benefits of using resources and the elimination of environmental pollution. Proposed algorithms evaluate the potential effectiveness of the property manager’s activities and the practical implementation of the techniques in management software.
Stylistic devices and expressive means in ted talks lectures on architecture and construction
Authors: Konovalova Elena , Nizamieva Maria
Published: August 2020

We analyze the specific genre of public lectures in English – the TED Talks. Being very popular nowadays these science lectures contain a lot of professionally oriented lexis and are a useful tool to enrich the vocabulary bank and improve listening skills. The characteristic traits of these lectures are briefness, appropriateness, convincingness, clear and rigid structure, careful preparatory work, high extent of the orientation to the audience. The language of TED talks lectures on architecture is characterized by the abundance of professional terms, collocations, expressive means and stylistic devices, such as simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbola etc. Interrogative and imperative forms and personal pronouns are widely used. They help speakers establish the contact with the audience, create the expressive and emotional speech, emphasize the main idea or make listeners think about the important points of the information. The idioms, coarse lexis and lexical repetitions create vivid and meaningful performance. Also we noted the upbeat mood and high emotionality of this genre of public speech.
Specific features of high-speed railway construction projects
Authors: Grakhov Valery , Mohnachev Sergey , Simakova Ulyana , Kislyakova Yuliya , Saidova Zarina , Armyanin Aleksej
Published: August 2020

The most important condition for the integration of the Russian transport infrastructure into the global logistics chain is the design and construction of high-speed railways. In the course of this research, the problems of implementation of high-speed highway “Moscow-Kazan” project by “High-speed Rail Lines” Joint stock Company were considered, and the necessity of large scale projects realization on high-speed railways construction was defined.

Then, the aggregate demand values were determined, and the distribution of traffic between different transportation modes was predicted. Finally, the induced demand value was forecasted. Based on the predicted passenger flow characteristics, the indicators of train traffic were calculated.

The passenger traffic on the road segment between Moscow and Kazan was studied. The methodology for passenger traffic calculation included the calculation of the induced demand, the possibility of passengers choosing the railway over other modes of transportation, and the evaluation of the demand fluctuations dynamics.

The scientific novelty of this study is the application of an improved method of statistical analysis in the calculation of passenger traffic. Along with the theoretical results, the carried out research has an utmost practical importance-its results can be applied in the design of main railways.
Moisture regime of enclosing structures with different thickness of insulation layer
Authors: Gagarin V G , Khavanov P A , Zubarev K P
Published: August 2020

Construction industry has different problems including the moisture regime of enclosing structures. If we want to protect an enclosing structure from the negative impact of moisture, we need to evaluate a moisture balance transfer. We used well-known graphical method to calculate the maximum wetting plane positions in three enclosing structures, which are represented the composite insulating systems with external plaster layers, aerated concrete bases and mineral wool insulations. These researching encloses differ only by thicknesses of insulation layers. It was found that the maximum wetting plane is located between the insulation layer and the external plaster layer. Moreover, when the indoor climate parameters change, the position of the maximum wetting plane does not change. However, it is determined that with a significant increase in the thickness of the insulation, the second maximum wetting plane appears inside the aerated concrete layer. This phenomenon was called as «overheating effect». To assess the position of the second maximum wetting plane we developed the criterion “relative displacement coordinate of maximum wetting plane” and obtained the graphic dependence of the introduced criterion and the thickness of the insulation.
Architectural and decorative concrete with photoluminescent pigment
Authors: Suleymanova Lyudmila , Maliukova Marina , Koryakina Alina
Published: August 2020

The authors received glowing products from architectural and decorative concrete with the use of photoluminescent pigment, formed in various positions and any configuration that does not lose their architectural expressiveness over a long period of operation. The use of products with a glow effect provides increased safety at night and is an additional means of signaling on dangerous and worst-lit sections of roads, parking lots, bicycle paths. Optimally selected materials and the method of surface treatment of products provide decorativeness of small architectural forms in the daytime. The compositions of architectural and decorative concrete were designed and the influence of the quantitative content of photoluminescent pigment on the main physico-mechanical characteristics was evaluated. The rheological properties of cement suspensions and architectural and decorative concrete based on them are studied, and the decorativeness and luminescence of products with photoluminescent pigment are evaluated according to the methods developed by the authors. The resulting recommended composition of glowing architectural and decorative concrete with using white Portland cement (CEM I 52.5 N), fractionated marble crushing waste 0.2-0.5; 0.5-1.0; 1.5-2.0; 3.0-7.0; 5.0-10.0; 10.0-20.0, modifier of polycarboxylate type and photoluminescent pigment, allows to obtain the products with a glow effect, high architectural, decorative and physico-mechanical characteristics that correspond to the operating conditions.
Technological settlement due to protection of the existing buildings
Authors: Nikiforova N S , Konnov A V
Published: August 2020

Values of technological settlement caused by technological impacts during protective measures installation were obtained for existing buildings in the zone of deep excavation influence. Neglecting the technological part in settlement prediction of adjacent buildings can lead to their unserviceability. The technological settlement was determined by following methods: geodetic measurements of buildings settlements, numerical modelling and analogy method. The technological settlement was determined for 4 types of geological conditions that can be applied to geo conditions of Moscow and soft soils of St. Petersburg and Hanoi (Vietnam). The authors recommend values of technological settlement for the underpinning with micropiles, jet-grouting columns, the installation of a jet-grouting cut-off wall and changing a foundation type to a slab. A formula is given for the calculation of technological settlement along the building due to changes in a protection design. A satisfactory converge of predicted settlements of buildings in the influence zone of deep excavations considering technological part with geodetic measurements data was achieved for construction projects in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Obtained values of technological settlement made it possible to propose recommendations on choice of protection measures ensuring safety of adjacent buildings.
Load-carrying capacity of bolted joints of timber structures under static loading
Authors: Aleksiievets V I , Aleksiievets I I , Ivaniuk A M , Roshchina S I
Published: August 2020

The paper is devoted to the study of the single loads effect on the load-carrying capacity and deformability of bolted joints of wooden structures. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic, gives a general description of the work, its scientific novelty and practical value. The authors propose an experimental technique for determining the load-carrying capacity of bolted joints when separating the deformation of the dowel hole and that of tensile strain of bolts. The operation of such joints was experimentally and theoretically investigated. The study resulted in statistical confirmation of satisfactory convergence between the theoretical data obtained by the proposed method and the experimental data of the authors, as well as the recommendations on practical application of the suggested calculation method were developed. The deformations of the bolt and the wood were experimentally separated, the diagrams of the deformation of the stretched zone of the bolt were made, and the percentage ratio of the bolt deformations to the total deformations of the entire joint was calculated. To describe the process of the bolt joint deformation due to the action of single static loads, it is recommended to use a hyperbolic dependence, which well reflects the relationship between the load-strain values (F-Δ). A new method is proposed for calculating the bearing capacity of bolted joints, which is based on the use of the initial modulus of strain capacity E0
and the strain capacity coefficient of the joint β. According to this technique, the load-carrying capacity of bolted joints with various geometric characteristics was calculated. The ratio of theoretical values of load-carrying capacity to the experimental values by, on average, 30% showed a greater convergence when compared to the load-carrying capacity calculated according to the current regulatory documents.
Precast monolithic coating of an industrial building based on variable-height beam-slabs
Authors: Lisyatnikov M S , Shishov I I , Sergeev M S , Hisham E
Published: August 2020

We consider the coatings of single-story industrial buildings of frame type, which in a typical solution are made in the form of a flooring of ribbed plates on rafters, trusses or arches. There is a high complexity of manufacturing, transportation and installation of structures and a large height of the coating. We offer truss beams-slabs of box-shaped cross-section, the height of which varies stepwise along the length, being limited by a square parabola at the top. Beams are installed on the substructure structures in a row, and between them on a permanent formwork of wooden boards are arranged monolithic sections of the plate. The calculation of deformations is performed taking into account the inelastic deformation of concrete and rebar in accordance with the recommended norms of state diagrams: three-line for concrete and two-line for rebar. The results of the calculation of a beam-plate with a span of 30 m, which has 5 different stages, the height of which is selected so that the required cross-section of the reinforcement remains constant along the entire length of the structure.
Strengthening of the operated wooden floor beams with external rigid reinforcement
Authors: Lukin M V , Roshchina S I , Smirnov E A , Shunqi Mei
Published: August 2020

Reinforced wooden floor beams with rigid reinforcement were studied from a rolling channel fixed to the body of the beam by means of obliquely glued reinforcing rods. The experimental study of four variants of reinforced solid-wood beams was performed on a unique stationary stand using an eight-point loading scheme that simulates a load evenly distributed over the beam span. When reinforcing beams by the proposed method, the load-bearing capacity increases by 47 … 66%, and the deformability decreases by 54…62%, depending on the location of the rigid reinforcement (top or bottom of the beam) and the inclination of the glued rods (according to the main compressive or tensile stresses). When the reinforcement elements are placed on top of the beams, their load-bearing capacity is on average 18% higher than at the bottom. It is experimentally proved that the destruction of reinforced beams is fragile, which in turn excludes the possibility of their collapse from chipping and splitting in the supporting sections. Research has proved the high efficiency of using the developed method of reinforcement during major repairs and strengthening of buildings in use.
High-Performance Thermal Insulation Material Based on Waste Glass
Authors: Panov Y T , Ermolaeva E V , Nikonov A V , Timakov E A
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the development technology of obtaining and properties of heat-insulating environmentally safe material production from waste glass. The subject of the study is a finely fraction of a mixture of window and container glass. Differential scanning calorimetry was used, the study of the gas release process was carried out on a specially designed and manufactured installation. Developed a foaming composition consisting of calcium carbonate and sodium nitrate, which allows you to combine the decomposition temperature of the main gas-forming agent (calcium carbonate) and the softening temperature of the glass, which is a necessary condition for obtaining a foam material with a minimum apparent density. The optimal mass ratio of sodium nitrate and calcium carbonate (100:35), the foaming temperature (700 ° C) and particle sizes (less than 60 microns) were determined, allowing to obtain a material with a density of 80-100 kg/m3. The dependence of the apparent density of the obtained material on the time of foaming and the content of the gas-forming agent is obtained by mathematical modeling, which allows determining the optimal time of foaming at different temperatures. During the development of the technology, factors affecting the properties of the resulting foam material were identified, and the dependence of the main technological parameters on these factors was established. For the production of thermal insulation material, a continuous powder method is proposed, including the processes of preparing a foaming composition and producing foam blocks. The developed material has a lower coefficient of thermal conductivity, higher strength and low density compared to existing analogues and does not emit hydrogen sulfide during operation. According to the developed technology, a pilot batch of foam glass was produced, which was used by a number of construction companies in various areas of construction.
Gypsum composites with glass granules
Authors: Petropavlovskaya V B , Buryanov A F , Novichenkova T B , Petropavlovskii K S
Published: August 2020

The article explored the possibility of reducing the average density of self-reinforced gypsum composites. Gypsum matrix and glass hollow granules leads to the appearance of a synergistic effect. It manifests itself in the formation of a compacted gypsum reinforced matrix, which is filled with microspheres. This provides a modified gypsum stone with high technical indicators. The volume of use of glass hollow granules is increasing every year, including in the construction industry. This material, unique in its properties, provides very high compressive strength, low water absorption, low heat conductivity, high chemical resistance, and radio transparency for its composite materials. The method of obtaining this light filler is a combination of complex physicochemical and hydrodynamic processes that occur during the formation of hollow balls from microparticles of glass melt. Creating effective composites based on glass micro granules as a component in the molding of gypsum products opens up new possibilities for designers and technologists. This will significantly expand their scope.
Quantum polariton trigger
Authors: Khudaiberganov Timur , Arakelian Sergey
Published: August 2020

We present a device model of the polariton logic element that is able to work both with classical and quantum signals. This device uses the nonlinear and quantum properties of exciton-polaritons. The mathematical description of our model is based on stochastic quantum equations with a complex diffusion in the Ito formalism with the corresponding quasi-probability in the quantum phase space. It is shown that the stationary states in the bistable mode can be controlled by both classical and quantum signals through the stochastic resonance within the region of quantum phase transition. Based on these properties, the model of the quantum logic elements has been developed.