bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Optimization of the Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Vitis amurensis Root Using LC-Q-TOF-MS Coupled with a Bioassay and Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Oh Kyung-Eon , Shin Hyeji , Lee Mi Kyeong , Park Byoungduck , Lee Ki Yong
Published: January 2021

Vitis amurensis roots have been reported to have the potential for skin whitening through the evaluation of melanogenesis and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. In this study, V. amurensis roots were utilized to quickly select whitening ingredients using LC-Q-TOF-MS coupled with tyrosinase inhibitory assay, and to optimize the extraction process for use as a skin whitening functional material by response surface methodology. Results showed that V. amurensis roots exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory effects by two stilbene oligomers, ε-viniferin (1) and vitisin B (2), as predicted by LC-Q-TOF-MS coupled with bioassay. The optimal extraction conditions (methanol concentration 66%, solvent volume 140 mL, and extraction time 100 min) for skin whitening ingredients were established with the yields 6.20%, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 87.27%. The relationship between each factor and its corresponding response was confirmed by Pearson’s correlation analysis. The solvent volume showed clear linear relationship with yields, and methanol concentration had a strong linear relationship with tyrosinase inhibitory activity for compounds 1 and 2, as well as their combination. Overall, LC-Q-TOF-MS coupled with bioassay was proved to have the potential to effectively find new active constituents, as well as known active constituents; vitisin B can be proposed as a new natural potential whitening agent.
Natural and Nature-Derived Products Targeting Human Coronaviruses
Authors: Vougogiannopoulou Konstantina , Corona Angela , Tramontano Enzo , Alexis Michael N. , Skaltsounis Alexios-Leandros
Published: January 2021

The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus (HCoV), has brought the international scientific community before a state of emergency that needs to be addressed with intensive research for the discovery of pharmacological agents with antiviral activity. Potential antiviral natural products (NPs) have been discovered from plants of the global biodiversity, including extracts, compounds and categories of compounds with activity against several viruses of the respiratory tract such as HCoVs. However, the scarcity of natural products (NPs) and small-molecules (SMs) used as antiviral agents, especially for HCoVs, is notable. This is a review of 203 publications, which were selected using PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, evaluates the available literature since the discovery of the first human coronavirus in the 1960s; it summarizes important aspects of structure, function, and therapeutic targeting of HCoVs as well as NPs (19 total plant extracts and 204 isolated or semi-synthesized pure compounds) with anti-HCoV activity targeting viral and non-viral proteins, while focusing on the advances on the discovery of NPs with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and providing a critical perspective.
Trichothecenes in Food and Feed, Relevance to Human and Animal Health and Methods of Detection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Polak-Śliwińska Magdalena , Paszczyk Beata
Published: January 2021

Trichothecene mycotoxins are sesquiterpenoid compounds primarily produced by fungi in taxonomical genera such as Fusarium, Myrothecium, Stachybotrys, Trichothecium, and others, under specific climatic conditions on a worldwide basis. Fusarium mold is a major plant pathogen and produces a number of trichothecene mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (or vomitoxin), nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, and T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin. Monogastrics are sensitive to vomitoxin, while poultry and ruminants appear to be less sensitive to some trichothecenes through microbial metabolism of trichothecenes in the gastrointestinal tract. Trichothecene mycotoxins occur worldwide however both total concentrations and the particular mix of toxins present vary with environmental conditions. Proper agricultural practices such as avoiding late harvests, removing overwintered stubble from fields, and avoiding a corn/wheat rotation that favors Fusarium growth in residue can reduce trichothecene contamination of grains. Due to the vague nature of toxic effects attributed to low concentrations of trichothecenes, a solid link between low level exposure and a specific trichothecene is difficult to establish. Multiple factors, such as nutrition, management, and environmental conditions impact animal health and need to be evaluated with the knowledge of the mycotoxin and concentrations known to cause adverse health effects. Future research evaluating the impact of low-level exposure on livestock may clarify the potential impact on immunity. Trichothecenes are rapidly excreted from animals, and residues in edible tissues, milk, or eggs are likely negligible. In chronic exposures to trichothecenes, once the contaminated feed is removed and exposure stopped, animals generally have an excellent prognosis for recovery. This review shows the occurrence of trichothecenes in food and feed in 2011–2020 and their toxic effects and provides a summary of the discussions on the potential public health concerns specifically related to trichothecenes residues in foods associated with the exposure of farm animals to mycotoxin-contaminated feeds and impact to human health. Moreover, the article discusses the methods of their detection.
Solubility of Anthraquinone Derivatives in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: New Correlations
Authors: Alwi Ratna Surya , Garlapati Chandrasekhar , Tamura Kazuhiro
Published: January 2021

Solubility of several anthraquinone derivatives in supercritical carbon dioxide was readily available in the literature, but correcting ability of the existing models was poor. Therefore, in this work, two new models have been developed for better correlation based on solid–liquid phase equilibria. The new model has five adjustable parameters correlating the solubility isotherms as a function of temperature. The accuracy of the proposed models was evaluated by correlating 25 binary systems. The proposed models observed provide the best overall correlations. The overall deviation between the experimental and the correlated results was less than 11.46% in averaged absolute relative deviation (AARD). Moreover, exiting solubility models were also evaluated for all the compounds for the comparison purpose.
Possibility to Biotransform Anthracyclines by Peroxidases Produced by Bjerkandera adusta CCBAS 930 with Reduction of Geno- and Cytotoxicity and Pro-Oxidative Activity
Authors: Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk Kamila , Korniłłowicz-Kowalska Teresa , Szychowski Konrad A.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioremoval mechanism of anthracycline antibiotics by the white-rot fungus B. adusta CCBAS 930. The activity of oxidoreductases and levels of phenolic compounds and free radicals were determined during the biotransformation of anthraquinone antibiotics: daunomycin (DNR) and doxorubicin (DOX) by B. adusta strain CCBAS 930. Moreover, phytotoxicity (Lepidium sativum L.), ecotoxicity (Vibrio fischeri), genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of anthraquinone dyes were evaluated before and after biological treatment. More than 80% and 90% of DNR and DOX were removed by biodegradation (decolorization). Initial solutions of DNR and DOX were characterized by eco-, phyto-, geno- and cytotoxicity. Despite efficient decolorization, secondary metabolites, toxic to bacteria, formed during biotransformation of anthracycline antibiotics in B. adusta CCBAS 930 cultures. DNR and DOX metabolites did not increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human fibroblasts and resazurin reduction. DNR metabolites did not change caspase-3 activity.
Cationic Pyrrolidine/Pyrroline-Substituted Porphyrins as Efficient Photosensitizers against E. coli
Authors: Ladeira Bruno M. F. , Dias Cristina J. , Gomes Ana T. P. C. , Tomé Augusto C. , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Moura Nuno M. M. , Almeida Adelaide , Faustino M. Amparo F.
Published: January 2021

New porphyrin–pyrrolidine/pyrroline conjugates were prepared by revisiting 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between a porphyrinic azomethine ylide and a series of dipolarophiles. Cationic conjugates obtained by alkylation of the pyrrolidine/pyrroline cycloadducts showed ability to generate singlet oxygen and to produce iodine in presence of KI when irradiated with visible light. Some of the cationic derivatives showed photobactericidal properties towards a Gram-negative bioluminescent E. coli. In all cases, these features were significantly improved using KI as coadjutant, allowing, under the tested conditions, the photoinactivation of the bacterium until the detection limit of the method with a drastic reduction of the required photosensitizer concentration and irradiation time. The obtained results showed a high correlation between the ability of the cationic porphyrin derivative to produce singlet oxygen and iodine and its E. coli photoinactivation profile.
Microwave-Assisted One-Pot Lipid Extraction and Glycolipid Production from Oleaginous Yeast Saitozyma podzolica in Sugar Alcohol-Based Media
Authors: Delavault André , Ochs Katarina , Gorte Olga , Syldatk Christoph , Durand Erwann , Ochsenreither Katrin
Published: January 2021

Glycolipids are non-ionic surfactants occurring in numerous products of daily life. Due to their surface-activity, emulsifying properties, and foaming abilities, they can be applied in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Enzymatic synthesis of glycolipids based on carbohydrates and free fatty acids or esters is often catalyzed using certain acyltransferases in reaction media of low water activity, e.g., organic solvents or notably Deep Eutectic Systems (DESs). Existing reports describing integrated processes for glycolipid production from renewables use many reaction steps, therefore this study aims at simplifying the procedure. By using microwave dielectric heating, DESs preparation was first accelerated considerably. A comparative study revealed a preparation time on average 16-fold faster than the conventional heating method in an incubator. Furthermore, lipids from robust oleaginous yeast biomass were successfully extracted up to 70% without using the pre-treatment method for cell disruption, limiting logically the energy input necessary for such process. Acidified DESs consisting of either xylitol or sorbitol and choline chloride mediated the one-pot process, allowing subsequent conversion of the lipids into mono-acylated palmitate, oleate, linoleate, and stearate sugar alcohol esters. Thus, we show strong evidence that addition of immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B (Novozym 435®), in acidified DES mixture, enables a simplified and fast glycolipid synthesis using directly oleaginous yeast biomass.
Exploitation of HPLC Analytical Method for Simultaneous Determination of Six Principal Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Oviductus Ranae Based on Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by Single-Marker (QAMS)
Authors: Wang Shihan , Gan Yuanshuai , Kan Hong , Mao Xinxin , Wang Yongsheng
Published: January 2021

As one of the featured products in northeast China, Oviductus Ranae has been widely used as a nutritious food, which contains a variety of bioactive unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). It is necessary to establish a scientific and reliable determination method of UFA contents in Oviductus Ranae. In this work, six principal UFAs in Oviductus Ranae, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA), were identified using UPLC-MS/MS. The UFAs identified in Oviductus Ranae were further separated based on the optimized RP-HPLC conditions. Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) method was implemented in content determination of EPA, ALA, DHA, ARA and OA, where LA was used as the internal standard. The experiments based on Taguchi design verified the robustness of the QAMS method on different HPLC instruments and chromatographic columns. The QAMS and external standard method (ESM) were used to calculate the UFA content of 15 batches of Oviductus Ranae samples from different regions. The relative error (r < 0.73%) and cosine coefficient showed that the two methods obtained similar contents, and the method validations met the requirements. The results showed that QAMS can comprehensively and effectively control the quality of UFAs in Oviductus Ranae which provides new ideas and solutions for studying the active components in Oviductus Ranae.
Synthetic Routes to Coumarin(Benzopyrone)-Fused Five-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles Built on the α-Pyrone Moiety. Part 1: Five-Membered Aromatic Rings with One Heteroatom
Authors: El-Sawy Eslam Reda , Abdelwahab Ahmed Bakr , Kirsch Gilbert
Published: January 2021

This review gives an up-to-date overview of the different ways (routes) to the synthesis of coumarin(benzopyrone)-fused, five-membered aromatic heterocycles with one heteroatom, built on the pyrone moiety. Covering 1966 to 2020.
Achiral Molecular Recognition of Substituted Aniline Position Isomers by Crown Ether Type Chiral Stationary Phase
Authors: Ohnishi Atsushi , Shibata Tohru , Imase Tatsuya , Shinkura Satoshi , Nagai Kanji
Published: January 2021

To understand the selectivity of the crown ether type chiral stationary phase (CSP), the retention selectivity for aniline and the positional isomers of substituted anilines were studied. In various substituted isomers, except nitroaniline, a remarkable decrease of retention due to steric hindrance was observed for the 2-substituted isomer. To determine the detailed molecular recognition mechanism, quantum chemical calculations were performed for the aggregates between the crown ether and the anilines. The results suggested that the 20-Crown-6, which includes a phenyl-substituted 1,1′-binaphthyl moiety, interacts with alkyl and aryl amines in an unconventional form different from the proposed one for 18-Crown-6.
Plant Secondary Metabolites: An Opportunity for Circular Economy
Authors: Chiocchio Ilaria , Mandrone Manuela , Tomasi Paola , Marincich Lorenzo , Poli Ferruccio
Published: January 2021

Moving toward a more sustainable development, a pivotal role is played by circular economy and a smarter waste management. Industrial wastes from plants offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for their valorization, still being enriched in high added-value molecules, such as secondary metabolites (SMs). The current review provides an overview of the most common SM classes (chemical structures, classification, biological activities) present in different plant waste/by-products and their potential use in various fields. A bibliographic survey was carried out, taking into account 99 research articles (from 2006 to 2020), summarizing all the information about waste type, its plant source, industrial sector of provenience, contained SMs, reported bioactivities, and proposals for its valorization. This survey highlighted that a great deal of the current publications are focused on the exploitation of plant wastes in human healthcare and food (including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food additives). However, as summarized in this review, plant SMs also possess an enormous potential for further uses. Accordingly, an increasing number of investigations on neglected plant matrices and their use in areas such as veterinary science or agriculture are expected, considering also the need to implement “greener” practices in the latter sector.
Synthesis, Physical Properties and Application of a Series of New Polyoxometalate-Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Martinetto Yohan , Basset Salomé , Pégot Bruce , Roch-Marchal Catherine , Camerel Franck , Jeftic Jelena , Cottyn-Boitte Betty , Magnier Emmanuel , Floquet Sébastien
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with the preparation and the characterization of four new ionic liquids resulting from the pairing of various polyoxotungstates or polyoxomolybdates with the cation trihexyltetradecylphosphonium. The physical properties measured by different techniques evidence that the viscosity and the rheological behaviors of such POM-based ionic liquids, POM-ILs, strongly depend on the nature of the POM, especially its charge. Playing on the nature of the POM, we can indeed obtain Newtonian liquids or some much more viscous materials exhibiting characteristics of resins or pseudo-plastics. In a second part of this study, the potentialities of using such materials both as solvent and catalyst for the oxidation of a series of alcohols are presented as proof of concept. This part highlights great differences in strength and selectivity as a function of the POM-IL used. Furthermore, a very simple way to recycle the catalyst is also presented.
Antiparasitic Potential of Chromatographic Fractions of Nephrolepis biserrata and Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Authors: Shah Muhammad Dawood , Tani Kazuki , Yong Yoong Soon , Ching Fui Fui , Shaleh Sitti Raehanah Muhamad , Vairappan Charles S. , Venmathi Maran Balu Alagar
Published: January 2021

Marine aquaculture development is recently impeded by parasitic leech Zeylanicobdellaarugamensis (Hirudinea, Piscicolidae) in Sabah, Malaysia. The parasitic leech infests a variety of cultured fishes in aquaculture facilities. In this study, we evaluated the antiparasitic activity of the chromatographic fractions of the medicinal plant Nephrolepis biserrata methanol extract against Z.arugamensis and highlighted the potential metabolites responsible for the antiparasitic properties through liquid chromatography (LC)–quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF)–mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Out of seven fractions obtained through flash column chromatography techniques, three fractions demonstrated antiparasitic properties. Significant parasitic mortality was indicated by fraction 3 at a concentration of 2.50 mg/mL, all the leeches were killed in a time limit of 1.92 ± 0.59 min. followed by fraction 4 (14 mg/mL) in 34.57 ± 3.39 and fraction 5 (15.3 mg/mL) in 36.82 ± 4.53 min. LC-QTOF-MS analysis indicated the presence of secondary metabolites including phytosphingosine (6), pyrethrosin (1), haplophytine (9), ivalin (2), warburganal (3), isodomedin (4) and pheophorbide a (16), representing sphingoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, phenolic and flavonoid groups. Thus, our study indicated that the chromatographic fractions of N. biserrata demonstrated significant antiparasitic activity against the marine parasitic leeches due to the presence of potent antiparasitic bioactive compounds.
Identification of Organic Volatile Markers Associated with Aroma during Maturation of Strawberry Fruits
Authors: Padilla-Jiménez Samuel Macario , Angoa-Pérez María Valentina , Mena-Violante Hortencia Gabriela , Oyoque-Salcedo Guadalupe , Montañez-Soto José Luis , Oregel-Zamudio Ernesto
Published: January 2021

In the present study, organic volatile markers of three strawberry varieties (Albion, Festival and Frontera) during the maturation process were investigated. Forty metabolites associated with aroma in fresh strawberries were monitored during seven stages of maturation using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) equipped with headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The data were evaluated using multivariate analysis to observe correlations between the organic volatile compound profile and the seven phenological stages of maturation for each strawberry variety. The dynamic levels of butanoic acid methyl ester, hexanoic acid methyl ester, octylcyclohexane, cyclohexane,1,1,2-trimethyl, linalool, tetradecane, and α-muurolene underwent distinctive changes in concentration during the maturation process. The multivariate analysis also allowed the identification of these compounds as possible volatile markers to measure the maturation of strawberry fruits in all three varieties. These findings highlight the importance of the timing of harvest and maturation stage in each variety to preserve or improve the desirable aromatic characteristics of strawberry fruits.
Ellagic Acid–Cyclodextrin Complexes for the Treatment of Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Sampaio Aline da Graça , Gontijo Aline Vidal Lacerda , Lima Gabriela de Morais Gouvêa , de Oliveira Maria Alcionéia Carvalho , Lepesqueur Laura Soares Souto , Koga-Ito Cristiane Yumi
Published: January 2021

The increase in the prevalence of fungal infections worldwide and the rise in the occurrence of antifungal resistance suggest that new research to discover antifungal molecules is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of ellagic acid–cyclodextrin complexes (EA/HP-β-CD) for the treatment of oral candidiasis. First, the effect of EA/HP-β-CD on C. albicans planktonic cells and biofilms was evaluated. Then, the cytotoxicity of the effective concentration was studied to ensure safety of in vivo testing. Finally, the in vivo effectiveness was determined by using a murine model of induced oral candidiasis. Data was statistically analyzed. The minimal inhibitory concentration of EA/HP-β-CD was 25 µg/mL and a concentration of 10 times MIC (250 µg/mL) showed an inhibitory effect on C. albicans 48 h-biofilms. The complex at concentration 250 µg/mL was classified as slightly cytotoxic. In vivo experiments showed a reduction in fungal epithelial invasion after treatment with EA/HP-β-CD for 24 h and 96 h when compared to the negative control. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that EA/HP-β-CD has antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects, reducing the invasive capacity of C. albicans, which suggests that EA/HP-β-CD may be a promising alternative for the treatment of oral candidiasis.
Association between Immunoglobulin M and Steroid Resistance in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome: A Retrospective Multicenter Study in Japan
Authors: Udagawa Tomohiro , Matsuyama Yusuke , Okutsu Mika , Motoyoshi Yaeko , Okada Mari , Tada Norimasa , Kikuchi Eriko , Shimoda Masuhiro , Kanamori Toru , Omori Tae , Takahashi Masaki , Imai Kohsuke , Endo Akifumi , Fujiwara Takeo , Morio Tomohiro
Published: January 2021

Background

The prognosis of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in children is poorer than steroid-sensitive cases. Diagnosis of SRNS is made after observing the response to the initial 4-week corticosteroid therapy, which might be accompanied by side effects. However, predictive indicators at initial diagnosis remain unknown. We aimed to investigate whether selectivity index (SI) and other indicators at initial diagnosis—for example, serum IgM and total serum protein–albumin ratio (TA ratio, total serum protein level over albumin level)—can predict SRNS.

Methods

A total of 80 children were enrolled from seven hospitals in Japan between January 2008 and December 2019 (mean age, 4.7 years; 65% male). Of the children enrolled, 13 (16%, M/F=5:8) had been diagnosed as steroid resistant after initial treatment with steroids. The association between serum IgM (tertile categories: low, 24–133; middle, 134–169; and high, 169.1–510 mg/dl), SI (<0.2 or ≥0.2), and TA ratio (tertile categories: low, 1.8–2.6; middle, 2.62–3.75; and high, 3.8–15.3) at initial diagnosis and steroid resistance was evaluated with logistic regression, adjusting for age and sex.

Results

Low levels of serum IgM were significantly associated with steroid resistance (adjusted odds ratio, 6.94; 95% CI, 1.12 to 43.11). TA ratio and SI were not significantly associated with steroid resistance.

Conclusions

Low levels of serum IgM at initial diagnosis might predict steroid resistance among Japanese children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK KEPALA RUMAH TANGGA DAN RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP MUNCULNYA PEKERJA ANAK DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2018
Authors: Darmika Wayan Delva Budi , Usman Hardius
Published: January 2021

Salah satu target dari Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adalah menghapus dan mengakhiri tenaga kerja anak dalam segala bentuknya. Walau Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang ikut mengadopsi SDGs, data menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anak-anak yang harus bekerja relatif masih banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi munculnya pekerja anak ditinjau dari karakteristik rumah tangga dan lingkungan anak. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersumber pada data Susenas 2018, dan regresi logistik biner diaplikasikan sebagai metode penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daerah tempat tinggal, status perkawinan kepala rumah tangga, status kemiskinan, pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, status migrasi kepala rumah tangga, sektor pekerjaan kepala rumah tangga, dan status kepemilikan rumah mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap munculnya pekerja anak.
PENGGUNAAN GENERALIZED LINEAR AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE (GLARMA) DALAM ANALISIS FENOMENA RESESI DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2008Q1 – 2020Q1
Authors: Wibawa Dimas Maladzi , Projo Nucke Widowati Kusumo
Published: January 2021

Resesi merupakan penurunan secara signifikan dalam kegiatan ekonomi yang tersebar di seluruh aspek ekonomi. Resesi yang berkepanjangan dapat membawa perekonomian ke arah depresi. Indonesia termasuk ke dalam kategori fragile country yang menyebabkan kerentanan untuk masuk ke masa resesi semakin besar. Resesi merupakan bagian dari siklus bisnis yang mungkin akan dialami pada suatu waktu. Penelitian ini menggunakan model ­Generalized Linear Autoregressive Moving Average (GLARMA) untuk mengakomodir prediksi peluang dari fase resesi yang di definisikan dengan metode Bry Boschan dan meramal variabel independen dengan Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). Variabel yang digunakan yaitu laju inflasi, fed fund rate, transaksi berjalan, harga minyak dunia, dan selisih U.S. 10Year-Bond dengan 3-Month LIBOR. Dari hasil penandaan siklus bisnis pada Produk Domestik Bruto riil, Indonesia mengalami delapan kali resesi sejak tahun 1993Q1-2020Q1 dengan durasi terpendek selama dua triwulan dan terpanjang selama delapan triwulan. Hasil dari model GLARMA(1,0) menunjukkan bahwa resesi di Indonesia didominasi oleh faktor eksternal yang dalam penelitian ini adalah selisih U.S. 10Year-Bond dengan 3-Month LIBOR dan fed fund rate memiliki pengaruh negatif secara signifikan terhadap resesi. Autoregressive lag-1 memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap resesi atau dengan kata lain kondisi yang terjadi pada triwulan sebelumnya berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya resesi di triwulan selanjutnya. Resesi di Indonesia diprediksi terjadi pada 2020Q3.
FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MASYARAKAT PADA PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DALAM MENCEGAH PENYEBARAN COVID-19
Authors: Riyadi Riyadi , Larasaty Putri
Published: January 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 merupakan salah satu kejadian yang dihadapi oleh berbagai negara di dunia dalam bidang kesehatan. Meluasnya penyebaran virus ini menjadi isu yang sangat krusial untuk segera dihentikan. Berbagai macam kebijakan telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah demi mengentikan penyebaran pandemi ini. Namun, di sisi lain masyarakat dituntut untuk mematuhi protokol kesehatan dalam upayanya menghentikan penyebaran Covid -19 supaya tidak meluas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat dalam penerapan protokol kesehatan dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya, serta untuk mengetahui faktor sosial demografi yang berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan penerapan protokol kesehatan di dalam masyarakat di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari Survei Sosial Demografi Dampak Covid -19 tahun 2020 dari BPS. Analisis ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi. Hasil empiris menunjukkan rata-rata indeks kepatuhan responden laki-laki lebih rendah dibandingkan responden perempuan, serta terdapat kecenderungan bahwa kaum muda lebih tidak acuh terhadap penerapan protokol kesehatan dengan rata-rata skor kepatuhan yang relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kaum yang lebih tua. Selain itu, karakteristik sosial demografi yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat dalam penerapan protokol kesehatan yaitu status reaksi responden, persepsi keefektifan isolasi mandiri, tingkat kekhawatiran tentang berita Covid -19, tingkat kekhawatiran tentang bepergian ke luar rumah, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, status pernikahan, status kesehatan, dan usia.
PENERAPAN METODE DEKOMPOSISI BLINDER-OAXACA UNTUK MENGANALISIS KESENJANGAN UPAH ANTAR GENDER DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR TAHUN 2018
Authors: Laurensia Maura Lovieta Jean , Yuliana Lia
Published: January 2021

Pemerintah telah mengupayakan berbagai program responsif gender demi mewujudkan tujuan SDG’s ke-5 yakni kesetaraan gender. Namun, perempuan masih menghadapi kesenjangan khususnya di sektor ketenagakerjaan seperti kesenjangan upah. Oleh sebab itu, Penelitian ini akan menginvestigasi kesenjangan upah antar gender di Kalimantan Timur dengan menggunakan data Sakernas 2018. Data dianalisis dengan menerapkan regresi robust untuk mengatasi pelanggaran asumsi klasik pada model OLS sebagai akibat adanya pencilan. Selanjutnya, dekomposisi Blinder-Oaxaca digunakan untuk mengukur kesenjangan upah antar gender dan mendekomposisikan penyebabnya menjadi perbedaan karakteristik yang dapat diobservasi (explained) dan faktor yang tidak dapat diobservasi (unexplained). Penulis menemukan status perkawinan, pendidikan, pelatihan, jam kerja, status kegiatan, serikat pekerja, lapangan usaha, dan jenis pekerjaan berpengaruh terhadap upah pekerja baik perempuan ataupun laki-laki. Perbedaan persamaan upah kedua gender adalah upah pekerja perempuan juga dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman kerja sementara laki-laki dipengaruhi oleh status dalam rumah tangga. Hasil dekomposisi menyatakan pekerja perempuan menerima upah 36,59 persen lebih rendah dibandingkan laki-laki. Dari total kesenjangan upah, 46,49 persen disebabkan perbedaan karakteristik dan 53,51 persen disebabkan faktor unexplained. Kesenjangan upah antar gender dapat ditekan melalui peningkatan karakteristik perempuan dalam pendidikan, keterlibatan pada sektor formal, jabatan menengah dan tinggi serta pengeliminasian diskriminasi dalam pasar tenaga kerja
TINJAUAN BIG DATA MOBILITAS PENDUDUK PADA MASA SOCIAL DISTANCING DAN NEW NORMAL SERTA KETERKAITANNYA DENGAN JUMLAH KASUS COVID-19
Authors: Firdaus Zanial Fahmi , Wijayanto Arie Wahyu
Published: January 2021

Berbagai kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia telah digulirkan untuk mengatasi dampak penyebaran Pandemi Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Di antara kebijakan tersebut meliputi social distancing atau Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB), work from home, school from home, dst. Dengan tujuan untuk menekan mobilitas penduduk, berbagai kebijakan tersebut diharapkan dapat meminimalkan pertambahan jumlah kasus harian COVID-19. Penelitian ini berfokus pada identifikasi dan perbandingan pola mobilitas penduduk selama masa social distancing dan new normal serta mencoba menganalisis keterkaitan antara mobilitas penduduk dengan kasus COVID- 19, khususnya di wilayah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Periode penelitian dimulai sejak mulai diberlakukannya social distancing pada pertengahan bulan Maret hingga akhir Juli 2020. Dengan menggunakan independent two-sample t-test, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara rata- rata mobilitas penduduk maupun peningkatan kasus COVID-19 pada masa social distancing dan pada masa new normal di Jakarta. Penerapan social distancing (PSBB) di DKI Jakarta secara umum mampu menurunkan mobilitas penduduk dan menekan penambahan kasus COVID-19.
PENERAPAN MODEL ERROR CORRECTION MECHANISM: DETERMINAN PRODUKSI KOPI DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2002-2018
Authors: Safitri Zasya , Yuliana Lia
Published: January 2021

Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas hasil perkebunan yang mempunyai peran cukup penting dalam kegiatan perekonomian di Indonesia. Namun, produksi kopi di Indonesia mengalami kondisi yang berfluktuatif. Sementara itu,  kondisi pasar kopi di dalam negeri masih cukup besar dengan diikuti peluang kopi sebagai komoditas ekspor yang semakin terbuka. Dalam jangka panjang, dikhawatirkan produksi kopi tidak dapat memenuhi pasar domestik maupun internasional. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek pada produksi kopi di Indonesia sebagai penentu kebijakan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan produksinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) dengan periode penelitian mulai dari tahun 2002 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, dalam jangka panjang variabel luas tanam menghasilkan dan harga kopi domestik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi kopi sedangkan variabel jumlah petani kopi tidak signifikan dalam mempengaruhi produksi kopi. Selanjutnya, dalam jangka pendek hanya variabel jumlah petani kopi yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap produksi kopi sedangkan variabel luas tanam menghasilkan dan harga kopi domestik tidak signifikan dalam mempengaruhi produksi kopi.
IMPLEMENTASI SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS DALAM PENYEBARAN INFORMASI VIRUS CORONA (COVID-19) DI TWITTER
Authors: Inayah Dwi , Purba Fredy Law
Published: January 2021

Virus Corona (Covid-19) merupakan virus baru yang sudah menyebar ke 215 negara, termasuk Indonesia. Penyebaran yang cepat dan ketidakpastian kapan berakhirnya pandemi Covid-19 ini telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran yang dapat memengaruhi kondisi kesehatan mental masyarakat. Respon kekhawatiran tersebut biasanya diekspresikan ke dalam media sosial, salah satunya twitter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kata yang paling sering muncul; mengkategorikan setiap opini yang muncul ke dalam kategori sentimen netral, positif dan negatif; serta mengetahui akun-akun twitter berpengaruh terkait Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah Wordcloud Analysis, Sentiment Analysis, dan Social Network Analysis. Hasil wordcloud analysis menunjukkan bahwa kata yang sering muncul terkait Covid-19 adalah “positif”, “pandemi” dan “Indonesia”. Hasil sentiment analysis menunjukkan bahwa cuitan bersentimen netral merupakan yang terbanyak, disusul cuitan bersentimen negatif, kemudian bersentimen positif. Hasil social network analysis menunjukkan bahwa aktor paling berpengaruh adalah akun @PratiwiHAM. Dengan hasil tersebut, pemerintah dapat melakukan kerja sama dengan akun @PratiwiHAM untuk menyebarkan informasi positif, memberikan dukungan moral, dan menangkal hoax yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kondisi kesehatan mental masyarakat Indonesia.
PEMODELAN KASUS COVID-19 MENGGUNAKAN MODEL REGRESI NONPARAMETRIK
Authors: Diana Rita , Rory Rory
Published: January 2021

Pemodelan kasus positif COVID-19 perhari sangat sulit bahkan banyak gejala menunjukkan bahwa data yang diperoleh tidak menunjukkan suatu pola hubungan yang mudah untuk digambarkan. Untuk mengatasi kesulitan-kesulitan tersebut digunakan model regresi nonparametrik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah medapatkan model terbaik dari pemodelan data kasus baru perhari COVID-19 di Jakarta menggunakan model regresi nonparametrik berupa regresi spline (cubic spline), smoothing spline dan MARS. Data kasus baru perhari COVID-19 di Jakarta yang digunakan adalah data kasus baru mulai tanggal 16 Maret 2020 sampai dengan 15 Agustus 2020. Data tersebut dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu data tanggal 16 Maret 2020 sampai dengan 6 Agustus 2020 sebagai data in sample yang digunakan sebagai pembentuk model regresi nonparametrik, dan data tanggal 7 Agustus 2020 sampai dengan 15 Agustus 2020 sebagai data out sample yang digunakan untuk memvalidasi model regresi nonparametrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model regresi nonparametrik berupa MARS dengan BF=46, MI=1 dan MO=1 merupakan model terbaik dan sangat akurat dalam melakukan prediksi untuk kasus COVID-19 di Jakarta.
KAJIAN PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP KETAHANAN PANGAN
Authors: Harvian Khalista Arkania , Yuhan Risni Julaeni
Published: January 2021

Ketahanan pangan di Indonesia dapat dikatakan masih rentan, salah satunya ditandai dengan masih adanya angka kelaparan. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan dan permintaan pangan di Indonesia yang masih terkendala berbagai faktor salah satunya faktor alam yaitu perubahan iklim. Dampak dari perubahan iklim memengaruhi sistem pangan termasuk produksi, penyimpanan, akses dan stabilitas harga pangan. Indonesia termasuk negara yang memiliki ketahanan pangan paling rawan terkena dampak perubahan iklim di wilayah Asia Tenggara. Karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh perubahan iklim terhadap ketahanan pangan dengan menggunakan metode structural equation modelling partial least square (SEM-PLS). Data yang digunakan bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Kementrian Perikanan dan Kelautan, Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan iklim berpengaruh terhadap ketahanan pangan. Sehingga, dibutuhkan kebijakan untuk menangani perubahan iklim agar kerentanan dalam ketahanan pangan dapat diatasi.
PEMODELAN NILAI EKSPOR KELAPA SAWIT DI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN SMOOTHING KERNEL (MODELING THE VALUE OF PALM OIL EXPORTS IN INDONESIA USING SMOOTHING KERNEL)
Authors: Arifin Aditya Faizal , Astuti Erni Tri
Published: January 2021

Perdagangan internasional adalah salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan di seluruh negara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan negaranya. Pada awalnya, ekspor migas merupakan sektor yang diunggulkan di Indonesia, akan tetapi pada beberapa tahun terakhir telah terjadi perubahan yang menyebabkan ekspor non migas lebih diunggulkan. Salah satu ekspor negara Indonesia yang menghasilkan devisa yang tinggi adalah ekspor kelapa sawit. Dalam Rancangan Pemerintah Jangka Menengah Nasional, sektor ini menjadi sektor yang diunggulkan karena kontribusi yang sangat besar bagi ekspor non migas. Proyeksi nilai ekspor kelapa sawit sangat diperlukan sebagai pertimbangan keberhasilan ekspor non migas di Indonesia. Salah satu teknik peramalan yang dapat digunakan adalah teknik Smoothing Kernel. Data yang digunakan adalah nilai ekspor kelapa sawit pada tahun 2015 sampai 2019, penelitian kali ini membagi 2 data yaitu data testing dan training. Hasil dari peramalan menunjukan bahwa smoothing kernel statis lebih baik dari pada smoothing kernel dinamis bisa diihat dari nilai MAPE yang lebih kecil. Selanjutnya peneliti meramalkan nilai ekspor kelapa sawit tahun 2020, hasilnya total nilai ekspor kelapa sawit tahun 2020 senilai 14245.6 juta USD dan pertumbuhan nilai ekspor kelapa sawit akan turun sebesar 10.7% dari tahun 2019, tentu ini akan membantu pemerintah dalam mewujudkan target RPJMN untuk pertumbuhan nilai ekspor nonmigas.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA IBS PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR TAHUN 2019
Authors: Shafira Adinda Haya , Wahyuni Krismanti Tri
Published: January 2021

Keberhasilan pembangunan ekonomi suatu negara dientukan oleh sumber daya manusianya, tetapi jumlah penduduk yang besar tidak selalu menjamin keberhasilan pembangunan bahkan dapat menjadi beban bagi keberlangsungan pembangunan apabila tidak dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Sektor industri selain berperan sebagai sektor utama dalam pembangunan ekonomi, juga berpotensi untuk menyerap tenaga kerja dalam jumlah yang besar. Namun faktanya Provinsi Jawa Timur belum dapat memenuhi hal tersebut, dimana penyerapan tenaga kerja sektor industri masih tertinggal dibandingkan dengan sektor pertanian dan perdagangan walaupun sektor industri merupakan leading sector dan kontributor PDRB terbesar Provinsi Jawa Timur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui, menggambarkan, dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penyerapan tenaga kerja industri besar dan sedang di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda (RLB). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa minimal terdapat satu variabel independen yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja sektor industri besar sedang Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2019. Secara parsial, variabel jumlah perusahaan dan PDRB berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja sektor industri besar sedang Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2019. Sedangkan variabel UMK tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja sektor industri besar sedang Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2019, karena peningkatan upah menjadi beban bagi perusahaan.
PEMODELAN JUMLAH KASUS COVID-19 DI JAWA BARAT MENGGUNAKAN GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION
Authors: Mahdy Ilham Faishal
Published: January 2021

Pada akhir tahun 2019, terjadi fenomena virus yang mematikan yang disebut dengan Covid-19. Pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan pembatasan sosial berskala besar (PSBB) dalam upaya menekan penyebaran Covid-19. Dalam prakteknya, masih terjadi pelanggaran terhadap PSBB yang dilakukan masyarakat, salah satu penyebabnya adalah kesenjangan ekonomi. Dalam penelitian ini terfokus pada pemodelan jumlah kasus Covid-19 di Provinsi Jawa Barat menggunakan Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), yang merupakan pengembangan dari regresi linier bersifat lokal antar wilayah observasi. Adapun faktor yang dianggap mempengaruhi penyebaran Covid-19 adalah kepadatan penduduk, persentase kemiskinan, tingkat pengangguran terbuka, persentase rumah tangga dengan sanitasi layak, dan persentase rumah tangga dengan sumber air minum layak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebaran Covid-19 di sebagian besar wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat dipengaruhi oleh persentase kemiskinan.
PEMODELAN STATISTIK COVID19 DI INDONESIA : ANALISA PERBANDINGAN MODEL
Authors: Satria Novandhita Adi , Purwandari Agustina Elisa Dyah
Published: January 2021

Novel coronavirus yang muncul di China dan sudah menyebar pada ratusan negara akan menjadi pandemi penyakit menular terburuk di abad ini, jika dilihat dari jumlah yang terinfeksi dan kematian yang diakibatkan. Dampak sosial dan ekonomi yang ditimbulkan akibat pandemi COVID-19 juga sangatlah besar, sehingga permodelan statistik terkait COVID19 sangat dibutuhkan pemerintah dalam menentukan arah kebijakan. Peramalan kapan saja puncak pandemi sangat dibutuhkan terutama di bidang kesehatan karena pada periode puncak-puncak tersebut, beban akan berat. Berdasarkan analisis data penambahan harian kasus positif COVID-19 Indonesia dengan smoothing data menggunakan moving average mingguan dan dua mingguan, penambahan harian kasus positif COVID-19 saat ini sudah memasuki gelombang penyebaran kelima yang mana terjadi mulai minggu ketiga bulan Juli 2020 dan belum mencapai puncaknya. Sementara itu, analisis data penambahan harian kasus positif COVID-19 dari awal muncul sampai dengan sekarang ini cenderung mengikuti persamaan polinomial kubik dengan model terbaik yang dihasilkan bisa menjelaskan 92,76 persen pergerakan data (dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95 persen). Hasil permodelan yang diperoleh meramalkan penyebaran COVID-19 akan berpuncak pada minggu ketiga November hingga minggu pertama Desember 2020. Sementara itu, pandemi akan berakhir pada minggu kedua bulan April 2021. Hal ini terjadi apabila kondisi penyebaran COVID-19 di masyarakat masih mengikuti pola yang terjadi saat ini.
KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJA MISKIN
Authors: Rahman Arif , Aulia Lalu Ardani
Published: January 2021

Fenomena kemiskinan seringkali dikaitkan dengan masalah pengangguran. Orang yang menganggur dianggap akan menambah jumlah penduduk miskin. Padahal, pada negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia, orang yang miskin akan bekerja apa saja untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup keluarganya. Fenomena adanya orang yang telah bekerja namun masih tergolong miskin ini disebut sebagai pekerja miskin. Pada Februari 2019, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) mencatat bahwa Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) di Kalimantan Barat sebesar 4,14 persen. Namun, di sisi lain BPS juga mencatat persentase kemiskinan di Kalimantan Barat pada Maret 2019 mencapai 7,49 persen dan menjadi yang tertinggi di Pulau Kalimantan. Fenomena tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa masalah pekerja miskin juga terjadi di Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran umum karakteristik pekerja miskin, mengetahui variabel-variabel yang berpengaruh serta menganalisis kecenderungannya terhadap status pekerja miskin di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat tahun 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, pekerja miskin di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat banyak ditemukan pada pekerja yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berstatus kawin/pernah kawin, berusia menengah, hanya berpendidikan maksimal sekolah dasar, tinggal di perdesaan, bekerja di lapangan pekerjaan pertanian, berstatus pekerja informal, dan pekerja penuh. Selanjutnya, variabel-variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap pekerja miskin di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat di antaranya status perkawinan, umur, tingkat pendidikan.
OVERVIEW OF ELECTROMECHANICAL AND OTHER METHODS OF ENERGY CONVERSION FOR EFFICIENT USE OF RESOURCES
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Logacheva A.G. , Zatsarinnaya Y.N. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Stepanova E.G. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Rep’ev E.V. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Fedotov E.A. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University
Published: January 2021

This article examines current trends in energy storage systems and their impact on social sphere, as well as the prospects for the development of energy storage systems until 2035. The purpose of this work is to analyze the existing energy storage technologies and the problems they solve in the world and in Russia. To do this, the authors of the article analyzed a database of 467 energy storage projects from the Sandia National Laboratory (DOE Global Energy Storage Database). Conducted research allowed us to assess the technology readiness level for main energy storage types. The political, socio-cultural, economic, legal, technological, environmental risks of the development of energy storage systems until 2035 have been determined.
Influence of the temperature of the cooling water on the deaeration capacity in the KСS-200-2 condenser
Authors:   Kazan State Energy University, Vodeniktov A.D. , Chihirova N.D. ,   Kazan State Energy University
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the results of the steam turbine condenser tests showing the dependence of the dissolved oxygen concentration and the water cooling temperature are presented. The steam surface condenser with the water cooling system is considered as the first stage of deaeration in the feedwater system of a steam turbine. The aim of this work is trying to investigate and describe the influence of regime factors on the deaeration effect of the steam surface condenser. Regimes with the nominal flow of the steam in the surface condenser were chosen for the estimation. The tests were continuing for 6 months in the range of the temperature of cooling water from 1 to 25 оС. The vacuum system of the steam turbine had a high level of air leakages that decreasing the efficiency of the feedwater dearation. The results show the negative correlation between dissolved oxygen in feedwater and the cooling water temperature. The surge of the concentration of dissolved oxygen was found in the water temperature about 11оС.
KOMPETENSI, KEPEMIMPINAN, DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN HUMAN RESOURCES AND FACILTY MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATE
Authors: TJAHYANTI SETIA , CHAIRUNNISA NURAFNI
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of several variables such as competence, leadership, and work discipline on employee performance. The method used is descriptive and causality. The statistical test in this study uses Multiple Regression Analysis. Respondents involved in this study were 82 employees who were permanent employees at the Human Resources and Facility Management Directorate at PT Gramedia Asri Media, Jakarta Head Office. The sampling method of this research is using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis was performed using multipleregression. The results showed that partially competence has an effect on employee performance, leadership does not affect employee performance, work discipline affects employee performance.