bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Natural Resource Degradation on Rural Women's Health: A Sociological Analysis
Authors: Maria Saeed  , Dr. Amber Ferdoos  , Aysha Jawaid
Published: May 2021

Natural resource degradation in developing countries is more likely to generate eventual threats of exhaustion. Major changes in weather patterns, seasonal cycles, and crop failure due to heavy rainfall have affected both men and women in rural areas of Pakistan. However, since women in rural areas of Pakistan are actively engaged in natural resource management, they are more likely to bear the brunt of the burden due to their traditional roles of washing, food preparation, water collection, and family care. Under a qualitative research design, the current research paper has focused specifically on how natural resource degradation affects the health of rural women. The research was conducted using thematic analysis, through an in-depth study of the day-to-day activities of rural women and the pressure experienced by them. To do so, sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with rural women by using interview and observation protocol. The findings revealed that rural women were dedicated to their work despite natural resource degradation they are bound to their household responsibilities, leading to mental and physical stress, as a result, overburdening and unhealthy lifestyles.
Methods of Cartographical Representation of Groundwater Regionalization
Authors: Zálešáková Dana
Published: May 2021

The article discusses some problems related to the process of regionalization and its cartographical representation. It emphasizes the inevitable cooperation between authors and cartographers as a prerequisite for production of quality thematic maps, giving an example of the Map of Groundwater Regionalization in the Czech Republic. Results obtained through a detailed expert analysis and their cartographical representation are discussed.
Expert Systems and Their Cartographic Applications
Authors: Beránek Tomáš
Published: May 2021

Expert systems are computer programs for reconstructing the expertise within a limited domain. They are able to replace the work of a qualified specialist. Such systems have complicated internal architecture. Many types of expert systems have been developed for different disciplines. Cartographic expert systems are primarily used in label placement and in some procedures of generalization.
A QSPR study of hydrophobicity of phenols and 2-(aryloxy-α-acetyl)-phenoxathiin derivatives using the topological index ZEP
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY NORTH UNIVERSITY CENTER AT BAIA MARE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA VICTORIEI 76, 430122 BAIA MARE, ROMANIA E-mail address: zoitaberinde@ubm.ro E-mail address: zoita berinde@yahoo.com, BERINDE ZOITA-MARIOARA
Published: May 2021

The molecular hydrophobicity (RMO) of several newly synthesized phenoxathiin derivatives and of phenols with congeneric structures have been recently correlated with some simple physico-chemical calculated parameters of compounds: the water solubility (log Sw); the partition coefficient (log P); the Gibbs energy of formation (∆Gf ), and the aromaticity index (HOMA) [Beteringhe, A., Radutiu, A. C., Constantinescu, T., Patron, L. and Balaban, A. T., Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) study of the hydrophobicity of phenols and 2-(aryloxy-α-acetyl)- phenoxathiin derivatives, Rev. Chim. (Bucures¸ti) , 59 (2008), No. 11, 1175–1179]. The best correlation was found as a biparametric regression equation in terms of log Sw and HOMA, which cannot be improved by adding one or two of the parameters aforementioned. In the present work we describee the weighted electronic distance based topological index (ZEP) and then use it for QSPR studies of RMO in combination with log Sw, log P, ∆Gf and HOMA. Most of the three parameter QSPR correlations of RMO are significantly improved by involving the theoretical parameter ZEP.
CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE NEWBORN WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors:   Department XII Obstetrics - Gynecology, Discipline of Neonatology and Childcare, ", Munteanu Andrei ,   Victor Babes",   University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania,   Louis Turcanu" Children's Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania, Manea Aniko ,   Department XII Obstetrics - Gynecology, Discipline of Neonatology and Childcare, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania,   Louis Turcanu" Children's Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania, Jinca Cristian ,   Louis Turcanu" Children's Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania,   Department XI Pediatrics, Discipline III Pediatrics, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Boia Marioara ,   Department XII Obstetrics - Gynecology, Discipline of Neonatology and Childcare, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania
Published: May 2021

ntroduction: Thrombocytopenia is one of the most common haematological disorders detected in the newborn period, especially in neonates admitted to intensive care units and usually indicates an underlying pathological process. Objectives: To determine the etiology, the time of onset, the clinical characteristics and the evolution of newborns with thrombocytopenia. Material and method: 97 newborns with platelet counts (<150,000 / µl) were selected from those admitted to the Neonatology section of the Timisoara Children's Emergency Hospital "Louis Turcanu" for a period of 3 years. The determination of the initial values of platelets was performed at the hospitalization and then daily monitoring or even twice daily in the case of newborns with severe thrombocytopenia. Results: Grade IV thrombocytopenia (<25000 / µl) was present in 13.4% of cases, grade III (25000-50,000 / µL) in 16.5% of cases, grade II (50,000-75,000 / µL) in 9 , 3% of cases and grade I (75,000-150000 / µL) in 60.8% of cases. Most of the newborns (55.7%) were premature and the major causes of thrombocytopenia were sepsis, in 69.1% of cases and hypoxic suffering in 66% of cases. Mortality was 12.6% (n = 14). Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia occurring in newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit is not a negative prognostic factor but rather a marker of severity of the underlying pathology.
Software Solutions for Recovery of the Lost Data from Mobile Phones, Tablets and Computers, Used in the Educational Process
Authors: Naaji Antoanela , Popescu Marius , Ciobanu Monica
Published: May 2021

It is already known that during the pandemic the educational process took place most of the time online or at most in a hybrid format. Within these activities, there are situations in which, in addition to the online teaching, it is necessary to conduct and store courses, homework or other teaching materials on various types of devices (phones, tablets or computers). When they are disconnected incorrectly or become corrupt, errors occur, and the information may no longer be accessed. In the case of the Windows operating system if the disconnection of the PCs is performed by the users in an erroneous way, after reconnecting the storage devices, they still have access to the data. In the case of the Linux operating system if the disconnection is not the professional one, most of the time there are chances that at reconnection, the data that was saved on that storage device cannot be any longer accessed. The current paper presents two methods for recovering the lost information: one for the educational data recovery, and one for recovering contacts, which are often important in the communication process. These methods involve techniques for saving educational information/contacts from destroyed, corrupt or inaccessible storage devices when they cannot be used normally. A first application, proposed for PCs, uses the Master File Table and tries to retrieve information, by using an algorithm implemented in the C++ language, with multiple advantages over the algorithms found in similar applications. The second software application is developed for the Android platform and it was created to make a backup to the contacts from the smartphone and save them in a text (.txt) file. The software applications presented in the paper are useful especially for those who own computers and phones from older generations.
GPS/INS Integration During GPS Outages Using Machine Learning Augmented with Kalman Filter
Authors: Verma Reshma , Shrinivasan Lakshmi , Shreedarshan K
Published: May 2021

Nowadays a tremendous progress has been witnessed in Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS). The Global Positioning System provides information as long as there is an unobstructed line of sight and it suffers from multipath effect. To enhance the performance of an integrated Global Positioning System and Inertial Navigation System (GPS/INS) during GPS outages, a novel hybrid fusion algorithm is proposed to provide a pseudo position information to assist the integrated navigation system. A new model that directly relates the velocity, angular rate and specific force of INS to the increments of the GPS position is established. Combined with a Kalman filter the hybrid system is able to predict and estimate a pseud GPS position when GPS signal is unavailable. Field test data are collected to experimentally evaluate the proposed model. In this paper, the obtained GPS/INS datasets are pre-processed and semi-supervised machine learning technique has been used. These datasets are then passed into Kalman filtering for the estimation/prediction of GPS positions which were lost due to GPS outages. Hence, to bridge out the gaps of GPS outages Kalman Filter plays a major role in prediction. The comparative results of Kaman filter and extended Kalman filter are computed. The simulation results show that the GPS positions have been predicted taking into account some factors/measurements of a vehicle, the trajectory of the vehicle, the entire simulation was done using Anaconda (Jupyter Notebook).
EPIGENOMIC EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE OF PREGNANT RATS TO LOW DOSE OF BISPHENOL A REGARDING THE NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM OF THE MALE F1 GENERATION (short communication)
Authors: Reznikov Alexander , Sachynska Olha , Lymareva Аnna , Polyakova Lyubov
Published: May 2021

Aim: To study the long-term effects of exposure of pregnant Wistar rats to low dose of bisphenol A (BPA) by measuring to the level of steroid hormones and sexual behavior of adult male offspring of the first generation.
Material and research methods: BPA as part of the Dorfman gel was gavaged during the last week of pregnancy, when androgen-dependent sexual brain differentiation occurs, in a daily dose of 25 mcg/kg b.w. (threshold teratogenic dose). Male sexual behavior was evaluated by proceptive reactions, the duration of latent and refractory periods, the number of mounts, intromissions and ejaculations in the presence of a receptive female. Female sexual behavior was assessed by lordosis reactions of orchidectomized and activated by the introduction of estradiol and progesterone males in the presence of a normal male. A neuromorphological analysis of the sex-dimorphic area of the brain, the medial preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, was performed by histological examination and karyometry of neurons.
Results: Prenatally administered BPA caused a very slight increase in the anogenital distance in newborn animals and did not affect the terms of puberty. The levels of testosterone and corticosterone in the blood plasma of males of 6 months of age did not differ from the control indices. At 10 months of age, all experimental males showed sharply weakened sexual motivation for mating with females, and in 4 from 5 animals, copulative components of sexual behavior were absent. There was no ejaculations in the 5th male as well, while numbers of the mounts without intromissions and ones with intromissions significantly reduced. In the BPA group, all descendants showed active female behavior in the presence of a normal male, which manifested in lordosis reactions and a high lordosis index. According to the histological study of medial preoptic nucleus, the activity of neurocytes in the male offspring of BPA-exposed females was significantly reduced, and their nuclei volume distribution was some different from the control.
Conclusions: The data obtained indicate epigenetic disorders of the sexual brain differentiation program due to the prenatal exposure to BPA in dose that does not cause significant teratogenic effects. This should be taken into account when evaluating the potential hazard of BPA for reproductive health.
Key words: bisphenol A, prenatal effect, male rats, sexual behavior, corticosterone, testosterone.
Morphofunctional characteristic of the unstirred water layer intestinal epithelium and its role in absorption/bioavailability of drugs (literature review)
Authors: Golovenko Mykola
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article – analysis of the main morphological and functional characteristics of intestine epithelium unstirred water layer (UWL) and its role in molecular mechanisms of absorption/bioavailability of orally administered drugs. The method of UWL thickness determination based on effective permeability (Peff) values under various speed of intestinal perfusion flow as well as this indicator importance for solutions absorption determination there was also discussed the process of drugs is discussed absorption in the gastrointestinal tract which is provided by such physical processes as passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport, involving the UWL, membranes and endothelial tight junctions. The diffusion of small molecules to the cytoplasm is a rather fast process, thus passive transcellular permeability is determined by only the intestinal apical membrane diffusion. The mechanisms of transcellular and paracellular drugs transport in the intestinal epithelium are described. The possible molecular mechanisms of drugs molecules permeability by facilitated diffusion without energy consumption with channel formers and transfer proteins are discussed. The attention was to the active transport process through the enterocyte membrane with the help of transporters against the concentration gradient which is fulfilled with energy consumption due to ATP or other energy supplies. The classification of such transporters is given based an the transport direction (inside the cell – influx, or out off the cell – efflux) and regarding the organic substance transferred. The role of enterocyte enzymatic system CYP3A4 in drugs metabolism processes regulation is mentioned, which can influence their bioavailability.
Key words: drugs, absorption, intestine epithelium, unstirred water layer, entherocyte, transcellular transport, intercellular transport
La ermita de Nuestra Señora de Belén de Liétor
Authors: Martínez Martínez Antonio
Published: May 2021

En el centro de la pequeña localidad de Liétor se levanta la ermita de Nuestra Señora de Belén, uno de los monumentos más particulares de toda la provincia de Albacete. De exterior austero, sobrio y de no excesivo interés como era habitual en muchas ermitas que dependían de las limosnas de los devotos, su interior es absolutamente sorprendente. La ermita de construyó a partir de 1536 aproximadamente, hasta 1570 que se terminó, siendo su forma original rectangular con una sola puerta, sin sacristía, camarín ni pinturas, pues estas se añadieron entre los años 1734 y 1737. Todo el interior de la ermita está pintado con imágenes, retablos, cortinas, columnas, textiles y azulejos fingidos, ornamentos florales y roleos, dentro de un estilo simple y muy colorista, típico de la pintura popular. Constituye uno de los mejores ejemplos de pintura barroca popular, no solo de la provincia, sino de todo el territorio nacional.
Characteristics and outcomes of covid-19 patients treated at Hue Central Hospital - Facility 2
Authors: Pham Nhu Hiep
Published: May 2021

Background: To date, many countries/regions around the world have reported Patients with COVID-19, which is an acute respiratory inflammatory disease caused by a new strain of the coronavirus.The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment efficacy of COVID -19 patients at the Hue Central Hospital-branch 2. Methods: Twenty four COVID-19 patients transferred from Da Nang were included in the study. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in age and sex between men and women (p> 0.05). There were 16patients (66.67%) with chronic renal failure (CRF) accounting for the highest proportion, 12 patients (50%) with hypertension (HYP), 06 patients (25%) with type 2 diabetes (diabetes), 06 patients (25%) with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 04 cases (16.67%) with cancer, 09 cases (37.50%) with 02 chronic diseases, 05 cases (20.83%) with 03 chronic diseases, 1 case (4.17%) with 04 chronic diseases. The average concentration of D-dimer was extremelyhigh (9057.38+154.34 ng/mL). 14 COVID-19 patients (58.33%) had mechanical ventilation, 09 patients (37.50%) were on hemodialysis cycle, 09 patients (29.17%) were on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), 3 patients (12.50%) were on dialysis ECMO, 12 patients must use vasopressors (Noradrenalin, Adrenalin, Dobutamine). The Mortality was equal to the survival rate. Conclusion: The extremely elevated plasma D-dimer concentration is one of the high-risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 old Patients who also suffer from chronic diseases such as hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney failure are highly associated with the increased mortality rate.
VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS OF A FRICTIONAL CONTACT PROBLEM WITH WEAR AND DAMAGE
Authors: Mesai Aoun Mohammed Salah , Selmani Mohamed , Ahmed Abdelaziz Azeb
Published: May 2021

We study a quasistatic problem describing the contact with friction and wear between a piezoelectric body and a moving foundation. The material is modeled by an electro-viscoelastic constitutive law with long memory and damage. The wear of the contact surface due to friction is taken into account and is described by the differential Archard condition. The contact is modeled with the normal compliance condition and the associated law of dry friction. We present a variational formulation of the problem and establish, under a smallness assumption on the data, the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution. The proof is based on arguments of parabolic evolutionary inequations, elliptic variational inequalities and Banach fixed point.
DYNAMICS OF A FAMILY OF RATIONAL OPERATORS OF ARBITRARY DEGREE
Authors: Campos Beatriz , Canela Jordi , Garijo Antonio , Vindel Pura
Published: May 2021

In this paper we analyse the dynamics of a family of rational operators coming from a fourth-order family of root-finding algorithms. We first show that it may be convenient to redefine the parameters to prevent redundancies and unboundedness of problematic parameters. After reparametrization, we observe that these rational maps belong to a more general family Oa,n,k of degree n+k operators, which includes several other families of maps obtained from other numerical methods. We study the dynamics of Oa,n,k and discuss for which parameters n and k these operators would be suitable from the numerical point of view.
Observations of Gravity Waves in the Middle Atmosphere of Mars
Authors: Saunders William R. , Person Michael J. , Withers Paul
Published: May 2021

Gravity waves are ubiquitous throughout the atmosphere of Mars. Their propagation and dissipation influence the circulation and thermal structure of the middle and upper atmosphere. Yet there have been few studies of gravity wave characteristics in the middle atmosphere, a region that is critical for their propagation from generation in the lower atmosphere to dissipation and associated exchanges of momentum and energy in the upper atmosphere. There have been few studies because few atmospheric profiles span the middle atmosphere with the kilometer-scale or smaller vertical resolution that is Required to characterize gravity waves. Here we report the characterization of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere using 12 high-resolution atmospheric density profiles. Four of these were acquired from a ground-based stellar occultation from 1976 that yielded immersion and emersion profiles on opposite sides of the planet, and the remaining eight were measured during atmospheric entry by landers and rovers. Predominant wavelengths were 3–14 km, and amplitudes were generally 0.8%–2.5%. Where static stability is large and positive, gravity waves grow efficiently. In other instances, static stability is not large and positive over a wide altitude range, and gravity wave amplitudes do not behave as neatly. These observations of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere of Mars can be used to test gravity wave parameterizations in large-scale general circulation models and to investigate predictions for how gravity wave propagation and dissipation influence the circulation and thermal structure of the middle and upper atmosphere.
Fe xii and Fe xiii Line Widths in the Polar Off-limb Solar Corona up to 1.5 R
⊙
Authors: Zhu 朱 Yingjie 英杰 , Szente Judit , Landi Enrico
Published: May 2021

The nonthermal broadening of spectral lines formed in the solar corona is often used to seek evidence of Alfvén waves propagating in the corona. To have a better understanding of the variation of line widths at different altitudes, we measured the line widths of the strong Fe xii 192.4, 193.5, and 195.1 Å and Fe xiii 202.0 Å in an off-limb southern coronal hole up to 1.5 R
⊙ observed by the Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer on board the Hinode satellite. We compared our measurements to the predictions from the Alfvén Wave Solar Model (AWSoM) and the SPECTRUM module. We found that the Fe xii and Fe xiii line widths first increase monotonically below 1.1 R
⊙ and then keep fluctuating between 1.1 and 1.5 R
⊙. The synthetic line widths of Fe xii and Fe xiii below 1.3 R
⊙ are notably lower than the observed ones. We found that the emission from a streamer in the line of sight significantly contaminates the coronal hole line profiles even up to 1.5 R
⊙ both in observations and simulations. We suggest that either the discrepancy between the observations and simulations is caused by insufficient nonthermal broadening at the streamer in the AWSoM simulation or the observations are less affected by the streamer. Our results emphasize the importance of identifying the origin of the coronal EUV emission in off-limb observations.
Discovery of the Pure Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Indene (c-C9H8) with GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
Authors: Burkhardt Andrew M. , Long Kelvin Lee Kin , Bryan Changala P. , Shingledecker Christopher N. , Cooke Ilsa R. , Loomis Ryan A. , Wei Hongji , Charnley Steven B. , Herbst Eric , McCarthy Michael C. , McGuire Brett A.
Published: May 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have long been invoked in the study of interstellar and protostellar sources, but the unambiguous identification of any individual PAH has proven elusive until very recently. As a result, the formation mechanisms for this important class of molecules remain poorly constrained. Here we report the first interstellar detection of a pure hydrocarbon PAH, indene (C9H8), as part of the GBT Observations of TMC-1: Hunting for Aromatic Molecules (GOTHAM) survey. This detection provides a new avenue for chemical inquiry, complementing the existing detections of CN-functionalized aromatic molecules. From fitting the GOTHAM observations, indene is found to be the most abundant organic ring detected in TMC-1 to date. And from astrochemical modeling with nautilus, the observed abundance is greater than the model’s prediction by several orders of magnitude, suggesting that current formation pathways in astrochemical models are incomplete. The detection of indene in relatively high abundance implies related species such as cyanoindene, cyclopentadiene, toluene, and styrene may be detectable in dark clouds.
ORKG: Facilitating the Transfer of Research Results with the Open Research Knowledge Graph
Authors: Auer Sören , Stocker Markus , Vogt Lars , Fraumann Grischa , Garatzogianni Alexandra
Published: May 2021

This document is an edited version of the original funding proposal entitled 'ORKG: Facilitating the Transfer of Research Results with the Open Research Knowledge Graph' that was submitted to the European Research Council (ERC) Proof of Concept (PoC) Grant in September 2020 (https://erc.europa.eu/funding/proof-concept). The proposal was evaluated by five reviewers and has been placed after the evaluations on the reserve list. The main document of the original proposal did not contain an abstract.
Multi-step process for selecting strategic sourcing options when designing supply chains
Authors: Ribas Imma , Lusa Amaia , Corominas Albert
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This paper, devoted to the selection of strategic sourcing options as a part of the supply chain design, aims to provide supply chain designers with guidelines for selecting the best strategic sourcing option for each item (i.e., products, modules, parts and services).Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on a review of the literature on sourcing options, buyer-supplier relationships, factors and criteria to select a sourcing strategy as well as the authors experience in this field.Findings: We propose a multi-step process by considering the three dimensions of the strategic sourcing options (who and how many will make the item; in cases of outsourcing, the kind of relationship between buyer and supplier(s); and where the item is to be made) together with the characteristics of the context, demand and product, and the relevant criteria to evaluate them.Originality/value: The main contributions are the review of the factors and criteria for selecting the best strategic sourcing option for each item (i.e., products, modules, parts and services) as well as the guidelines provided for each step of the process.
COVID-19 Risk in Youth Club Sports: A Nationwide Sample Representing More Than 200 000 Athletes
Authors: Biese Kevin M. , McGuine Timothy A. , Haraldsdottir Kristin , Goodavish Leslie , Watson Andrew M.
Published: May 2021

Context

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost every aspect of life, including youth sports. Few data exist on COVID-19 incidences and risk-mitigation strategies in youth club sports.

Objective

To determine the incidence of reported COVID-19 cases among youth club sport athletes, describe the reported sources of infection for reported cases, and identify the information sources used to develop COVID-19 risk-mitigation procedures.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online surveys.

Patients or Other Participants

Soccer and volleyball youth club directors.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Surveys were completed by directors of youth soccer and volleyball clubs across the country in October 2020. Surveys addressed the self-reported date of re-initiation, number of players, player COVID-19 cases, sources of infection, COVID-19 mitigation strategies, and information sources for the development of COVID-19 mitigation strategies. The total number of cases reported, number of players, and days since club re-initiation were used to calculate an incidence rate of cases per 100 000 player-days. To compare reported incidence rates between soccer and volleyball, a negative binomial model was developed to predict player cases with sport and state incidence as covariates and log (player-days) as an offset. Estimates were exponentiated to yield a reported incidence rate ratio with Wald CIs.

Results

A total of 205 136 athletes (soccer = 165 580; volleyball = 39 556) were represented by 437 clubs (soccer = 159; volleyball = 278). Club organizers reported 673 COVID-19 cases (soccer = 322; volleyball = 351), for a reported incidence rate of 2.8 cases per 100 000 player-days (soccer = 1.7, volleyball = 7.9). Volleyball had a higher reported COVID-19 incidence rate than soccer (reported incidence rate ratio = 3.06 [95% CI = 2.0, 4.6], P < .001). Out of 11 possible mitigation strategies, the median number of strategies used by all clubs was 7, with an interquartile range of 2.

Conclusions

The incidence of self-reported cases of COVID-19 was lower in soccer clubs than in volleyball clubs. Most clubs reported using many COVID-19 mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of infection.
Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Through a Biopsychosocial Lens
Authors: Pomarensky Megan , Macedo Luciana , Carlesso Lisa C.
Published: May 2021

Chronic musculoskeletal pain continues to constitute a rising cost and burden on individuals and society on a global level, thus driving the demand for improved management strategies. The biopsychosocial model has long been a recommended approach to help manage chronic pain, with its consideration of the person and his or her experiences, psychosocial context, and societal considerations. However, the biomedical model continues to be the basis of athletic therapy and athletic training programs and therefore clinical practice. For more than 30 years, psychosocial factors have been identified in the literature as outcome predictors relating to chronic pain, including (but not limited to) catastrophizing, fear avoidance, and self-efficacy. Physical assessment strategies such as validated outcome measures can be used by the athletic therapist and athletic trainer to determine the presence or severity (or both) of nonbiogenic pain. Knowledge of these predictors and strategies allows the athletic therapist and athletic trainer to frame the use of exercise (eg, graded exposure), manual therapy, and therapeutic modalities in the appropriate way to improve clinical outcomes. Through changes in educational curricula content, such as those recommended by the International Association for the Study of Pain, athletic therapists and athletic trainers can develop profession-specific knowledge and skills that will enhance their clinical practice and enable them to better assist those living with chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions.
Athletic Trainers' Use of Support Systems for Balancing Roles as an Athletic Trainer and Parent
Authors: Rynkiewicz Kelsey M. , Singe Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M.
Published: May 2021

Context

Work-life balance is a topic of interest in the athletic training profession. Particularly for parents, managing work and home roles can be challenging. Social support has been identified as a resource for improving athletic trainers' balance and quality of life and warrants further investigation.

Objective

To explore the sources and perceptions of social support among athletic trainers with children.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Collegiate and secondary school settings.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty-two athletic trainers who worked in the collegiate (12) or secondary school (20) setting participated. All individuals (19 females, 13 males) were parents, and they ranged in age from 25 to 72 years, with 2 to 52 years of experience as athletic trainers.

Data Collection and Analysis

Participants were recruited from a larger cross-sectional survey. A semistructured interview was developed by the research team and reviewed by a peer expert in the field. Respondents completed the interview protocol, which contained questions in numerous areas related to work-life balance. Data analyses were guided by the research questions related to social support and used a phenomenologic approach. We researchers immersed ourselves in the data and engaged in a coding process. Researcher triangulation and peer review were used to establish credibility.

Results

Our participants found social support in their work and home lives. Support was described by source (eg, supervisors, coworkers, spouses, family, friends) and type (eg, emotional, tangible, network). Respondents perceived that support stemmed from understanding, flexibility, sharing responsibilities, and shared life experiences, which aided them in balancing their roles.

Conclusions

Athletic trainers valued social support and used different types of support to help create work-life balance. Support in the workplace, at home, and from the profession is necessary for athletic trainers who are parents, as it provides a means to help balance roles and responsibilities.
The efficacy of dapagliflozin for type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Ma Jian , Zhao Yanhong , Fan Huihui , Liu Jia
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The efficacy of dapagliflozin for type 1 diabetes remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the treatment efficacy of dapagliflozin versus placebo in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We have searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO and Cochrane library databases through May 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of dapagliflozin versus placebo for type 1 diabetes. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model.

Results: Six RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control group for type 1 diabetes, dapagliflozin treatment shows favorable impact on glycated hemoglobin HbA1c ( standard mean difference SMD=-3.93; 95% confidence interval CI =-4.44 to -3.48; P<0.00001), HbA1c reduction of ≥0.5% (risk ratio RR=1.98; 95% CI=1.65 to 2.39; P<0.00001), and fasting plasma glucose FPG (SMD=-0.93; 95% CI=-1.77 to -0.10; P=0.03). There is no statistical difference of hypo- glycemia (RR=1.09; 95% CI=0.66 to 1.79; P=0.75) or adverse events (RR=1.07; 95% CI=0.96 to 1.20; P=0.20) between two groups, but the incidence of ketone-related events is higher than those in control group (RR=0.28; 95% CI=3.96 to 11.52; P=0.01).

Conclusion: Dapagliflozin treatment benefits to reduce HbA1c and FPG for type 1 diabetes.

Keywords: Dapagliflozin; type 1 diabetes; glycemic control; randomized controlled trials.
Selected Stakeholders’ Perception of the Contribution of Vocational Education to Botswana’s Economy
Authors: Mmolai Samuel Oshima , Makambe Ushe
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to examine stakeholder perception of the contribution of vocational education (VE) to the economy of Botswana. A survey design was adopted. The sample included staff of the Ministry of Education, Vocational Colleges and Industry at the time of the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 61 respondents. The results confirmed that stakeholders believed that while VE was playing a significant role in fostering economic growth, it did not effectively translate into benefits to its recipients and it also failed to bring industrialisation to Botswana. For stakeholders to realise more benefits from VE, there is need to review the curriculum to become more relevant, ensure that unemployed graduates access finance to start businesses and for the government to attract investment in heavy industry to stimulate industrialisation.
Effect of Fees Policies on the Quality of University Education in Uganda
Authors: Mande WM , Nakayita M
Published: May 2021

This paper reports on the findings of a study that was undertaken to analyse the effect of fees policy on the quality of university education in Uganda. It reports that every university in Uganda has a fees policy and that these fees policies differ in content and implementation. The paper confirms a significant relationship between fees policies and the reputation of universities. It also reports that fees policies had a significant effect on the quality of educationprovided by the universities. Subsequently, the paper discusses the main higher education funding models in the country with specific reference to these findings. This is with the conclusion that the country should adopt an egalitarian cost sharing model that resolves the limitations of the current funding models. Keywords: Funding; Student fees; Reform.
Re-Engineering Vocational and Technical Education for Sustainable Development in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Sofoluwe AO
Published: May 2021

Using the case of North Central Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria, this study interrogates the nexus between vocational and technical education (VTE) and sustainable development. Specific attention is put on provision and attainment of basic skills on one hand and job creation, self-employment, utilization of locally available resources, provision of technology and capital formation on the other hand. Data were collected from a stratified random sample of 36 out of the 98 schools in the region. The data were collected using a VET Sustainable Development Questionnaire (VTESDQ). Four hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of confidence using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The findings were that VTE significantly affects sustainable development. It is recommended that: 1) the content of VTE be related to the requirements of the labour market; 2) VTE institutions be established close to the rural populace; and 3) the study programmes VTE institutions offer reflect the community’s culture.Keywords: Vocational and Technical Education; Sustainable Development
Erratum
Authors: Ssempebwa Jude
Published: May 2021

The authorship of the following article published in issue 9.1 of Makerere Journal of Higher Education was misstated:Omosidi, A.S.  (2017). Allocation Pattern in the Financing of Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria. Makerere Journal of Higher Education. 9 (1), 37 – 51. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/majohe.v9i1.3.Readers are requested to note that the article is co-authored with A.A. Atolagbe and A. A. Lawal, so it should be cited as follows:Omosidi, A.S., A.A. Atolagbe, A.A. Lawal (2017). Allocation Pattern in the Financing of Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria. Makerere Journal of Higher Education. 9 (1), 37–51. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/majohe.v9i1.3.
On the performance of equiangular mascon solution in GRACE-like missions
Authors: Abedini Abbas , Keller Wolfgang , Amiri-Simkooei Ali Reza
Published: May 2021

Mass concentration (mascon) solutions for GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) data are widely used in various regional-to-global mass change studies. The current advances in the mascon solution have mainly concentrated on improving the spatial resolution of the solution, enhancing the applied least-squares regularization, and the characterization of the solution errors. Most of the mascon solutions are obtained on the equal-area grid, inducing complexities in creating the grid and its presentation. In this regard, estimation of the mascon solutions on equiangular grids can be appealing. Furthermore, in the equal-area methods, there is no global criterion to determine the size of the mascon areas. The mascon size is usually chosen in a subjective manner which hampers the objective application of different mascon solutions. In view of these challenges, two main questions are addressed in this study: i) what kind of modifications should be made in computation scheme of the mascon solution if equiangular grids are used to account for different areas of the grid patches, and ii) in case of non-equiangular solutions, how to define an objective criterion for the patch sizes based on the resolution of both the observation and the signal of interest. We investigate the performance of the high-resolution mascon-based approach, proposed by Abedini et al. [2021], which uses GRACE-like observations similar to level-1 data for a period of one month over the Greenland region. Two main practical issues are studied on the estimation of the surface density changes as follows. First, we show that for equiangular grids, the area of the patches should be accounted for in the regularization by introducing area-affected weights for the unknown parameters. We investigate the effect of three different area-affected weighting strategies on the derived solution. Secondly in order to obtain proper size for the patches, a novel approach is presented to investigate the performance of the mascon solution using the analysis of the resolution matrix entries. The proposed resolution analysis is used to obtain the optimal patch size for the discretization of the area of interest. Based on the results, it is demonstrated that the minimum legible patch size in the Greenland area for the current settings of the GRACE observations is 0.5 degree in the NS direction and a latitude-adaptive grid-size rather than equiangular grids at high latitude regions in the EW direction.
BEHAVIOR OF THE Ti-Zr-Ni THIN FILM CONTAINING QUASICRYSTALLINE AND APPROXIMANT PHASES UNDER RADIATIVE-THERMAL ACTION IN TRANSITION MODES
Authors: Malykhin S.V. , Makhlai V.A. , Surovitskiy S.V. , Garkusha I.E. , Herashchenko S.S. , Kondratenko V.V. , Kopylets I.A. , Zubarev E.N. , Borisova S.S. , Fedchenko A.V.
Published: May 2021

X-ray diffraction and SEM microscopy were used to study the structural and phase changes in a thin film obtained by magnetron sputtering of a Ti52Zr30Ni18 target (at.%) on a steel substrate under the radiation-thermal influence of pulsed hydrogen plasma on an QSPA Kh-50 accelerator. A technique has been worked out for the formation of the quasicrystalline and crystal-approximant phases as a result of high-speed quenching using pulsed action with a heat load of 0.6 MJ/m2. The changes in the contents of these phases as well as in their structure and substructure parameters were studied during isothermal vacuum annealing at a temperature of 550 °C and also as a result of irradiation with 5 plasma pulses in the range of heat load from 0.1 to 0.4 MJ/m2. The quasicrystalline phase was found to be resistant to irradiation with hydrogen plasma.
ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE PHASE AND STRUCTURAL STATE OF AN ALUMINUM ALLOY 1933 SURFACE LAYER, MELTED BY A PULSED ELECTRON BEAM
Authors: Myla D.E. , Bryukhovetsky V.V. , Lytvynenko V.V. , Poyda V.P. , Poyda A.V. , Klepikov V.F. , Uvarov V.T. , Lonin Yu.F. , Ponomarev А.G.
Published: May 2021

The structural and phase changes in the surface layer of an aluminum alloy 1933 caused by the action of a relativistic pulsed electron beam are studied. The structural and phase state of this layer is determined by the impact action of the electron beam and by the kinetics of crystallization from the melt under ultrafast cooling. The impact of a pulsed electron beam is accompanied by the formation of a developed surface relief and the appearance of microcracks on it. The structure of the modified layer is nonequilibrium. X-ray diffraction studies and the results of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis made it possible to determine that magnesium oxide inclusions are present in the remelted layer. MgO inclusions are generally uniformly distributed in the remelted layer. The maximum size of MgO inclusions does not exceed 1 μm. The causes and mechanisms of the formation of magnesium oxide during the action of a pulsed electron beam are discussed.
MODIFICATION OF STRUCTURE OF THE SURFACE OF STEEL (ХГС) AS A RESULT OF INFLUENCES OF HIGH-CURRENT ELECTRON BEAM
Authors: Prokhorenko E.M. , Lytvynenko V.V. , Melyakovа O.А. , Lonin Yu.F. , Ponomarev A.G. , Uvarov V.T. , Shul’gin N.A. , Prokhorenko T.G.
Published: May 2021

The steel surface (ХГС) was irradiated with a high-current electron beam. A high-current electron beam was obtained in the TEMP-A accelerator. Steel samples were made from drum mill balls. The balls had varying degrees of wear. The mechanical and microstructural characteristics were studied. Applied methods: measurement of hardness, tensile strength, fractographic and metallographic analysis. An increase in hardness was found for all samples. An increase in the surface hardness of the samples occurred as a result of the conversion of austenite to martensite and lower bainite. A significant effect on the increase in surface hardness of the samples is also exerted by the process of the appearance of carbides.
METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS OF THERMAL CALCULATION OF ONE-THROUGH STEAM GENERATORS FOR NPP OF SMALL POWER
Authors: Kravchenko V.P. , Zhou Xiaolong
Published: May 2021

Due to the invaluable interest in small-scale nuclear power plants around the world, it has been proposed to pay sufficient attention to the design of appropriate equipment, which can make Ukraine with its great potential as a producer a supplier of such nuclear power plants. The work considers the method of thermal calculation of a oncethrough steam generator with a coil heating surface and superheating of steam. As a result of analysis and comparison of the results, formulas were selected for calculating six different conditions of heat transfer: lumbar flow around the coil package with coolant and five heat transfer sections during the movement of the working fluid in the tube. The results of calculating the heat transfer surface for a steam generator with a capacity of 45 MW are presented. The obtained results correlate well with the calculation data by the ASPEN-TECH computer code.
NUCLEAR ZIRCONIUM – THE BASIS OF ALLOYS WITH IMPROVED NEUTRON-PHYSICAL, RADIATION, AND CORROSION PROPERTIES
Authors: Mukhachev A.P. , Pylypenko M.M. , Kharуtonova O.A.
Published: May 2021

The paper provides a review of industrial technologies for the production of nuclear zirconium. Their advantages and disadvantages have been shown, a comparative analysis of the quality of zirconium and hafnium salts has been given. Zirconium with a purity of 99.95%, is on a par with the quality of the iodide metal, with a hafnium content of less than 0.005%, was obtained from zirconium tetrafluoride (TFZ) by electrolysis and method of salt recovery with calcium.
İŞLETMELERİN Z KUŞAĞI BİREYLERİNİ İSTİHDAM EDERKEN DİKKATE ALMALARI GEREKEN KONULAR: BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: SUCU Murat
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yakın zamanda yoğun olarak çalışma hayatına girecek olan Z kuşağı bireylerinin özelliklerinin ve kariyer beklentilerinin ortaya konularak işletmelerin Z kuşağı bireylerini istihdam ederken dikkate alması gereken hususları belirlemektir. Çalışmanın amacına ulaşması için yazında Z kuşağının özelliklerini ve kariyer beklentilerini ele alan çalışmalar içerik analizi yönetimi ile taranmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre, Z kuşağı bireylerinin özellikleri ve kariyer beklentileri açısından diğer kuşaklardan farklılıklar gösterdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında bu farklılıkların yönetsel ve işletme düzeyinde stratejik bir değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Değerlendirme sonucunda ise Z kuşağı bireylerinin işletmelerin beklentileri açısında güçlü yönlerinin daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
GERİ DÖNÜŞÜMÜN PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ TEORİSİ İLE AÇIKLANMASI: İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÜL SAVAŞKAN Ayşe , EKİNCİ Şule , ÇATI Kahraman
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi ile lisans düzeyinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin geri dönüşüm olgusuna ilişkin davranışlarını incelemektir. Bununla birlikte öğrencilerin geri dönüşüm davranışlarının sosyo-demografik özelliklere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda İnönü Üniversitesinde 13 fakültede 600 kişiden anket tekniği ile veriler toplanarak geri dönüşüm davranışını etkileyen unsurlar incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programında analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında yapılan çoklu regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre geri dönüşüm davranışının özel norm, ahlaki norm, kolaylık ve geçmiş davranış faktörlerinden etkilendiği ortaya çıkmıştır.