bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ETIMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ARABIC LAYER WORDS IN KHOREZM DIALECTS
Authors: Alimova Shahnoza Maksudovna  , Babajanova Khadicha Kupalovna
Published: January 2025

This article examines the influence and adaptation of Arabic-origin words in Khorezm dialects, highlighting their phonetic and semantic variations from their literary Uzbek counterparts. The study identifies and categorizes these words into basic and derived forms, as well as semantic dialectal variations. Particular attention is given to the cultural, historical, and linguistic significance of Arabic words that have undergone semantic shifts to reflect local expressions and traditions. Examples such as bodiya (“desert”) evolving into badya (“clay bowl”) and other terms like vapir, talxiyn, and valatizina illustrate the dynamic interplay between Arabic lexicon and the linguistic environment of Khorezm. The article underscores the enduring relevance of Arabic lexical layers in shaping Uzbek dialects and the broader cultural landscape.
KEYWORDS: Khorezm dialects, Arabic lexicon, phonetic adaptation, semantic variation, linguistic influence, cultural integration, lexical layers, Old Uzbek, language evolution, etymological analysis.
PROTISTOCIDAL ACTIVITY OF CATIONIC SURFACTANTS AND KNOWN ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS
Authors: Zubenko Aleksandr , Svyatogorova Aleksandra , Fetisov Leonid , Kononenko Kristina , Chekrysheva Viktoriya
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to assess the prospects of using fatty acid amides as antiprotozoal agents in comparison with known drugs. The paper presents the results of experimental research on the study of the protistocidal action of cationic surfactants synthesized in the laboratory by our creative team of amides of myristic and oleic acids and known in the world on the market of antiprotozoal drugs: trichopolum (metronidazole), toltrazuril, antimalarial drug chloroquine (delagil) and antibiotic bicillin 5. The protistocidal activity of substances was determined in a liquid nutrient medium by the method of serial dilutions according to our method, repeatedly presented in high-ranking literary sources. The test culture for the study was protozoans (ciliates) of the Colpoda steinii species. As a result of the study, it was noted that at a concentration of amidamiristic acid solution of 4.63 μg/ml and higher, the death of protozoa occurred almost immediately (within 1–2 minutes), the minimum protistocidal concentration oleic acid amide for colpods was 9.25 µg/ml at 2 min exposure; chloroquine protistocidal activity appeared after 1 h 30 min at a concentration of 15.63 µg/ml, and after 18 h exposure kolpods died at a concentration of 1.95 µg/ml. The minimum level of protistocidal activity of the reference drug toltrazuril is 22.5 μg/ml at an exposure of 19.5 hours, Trichopolum (metronidazole) and antibiotic bicillin 5 – 250 μg/ml at an exposure of 18 hours and 19 hours, respectively. These results show that myristic amide and oleic acid amide synthesized by us make it possible to use lower concentrations of solutions with a minimum exposure for parasitocidal action in comparison with known protistocidal preparations.
PRESTARTER INFLUENCE ON PULLETS “DOMINANT CZ” PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Epimakhova E , Kvochko Andrey , Rastovarov Evgeniy
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the effect of pre-starter compound feed on the productivity of pullets of meat and egg crosses "Dominant CZ". An analysis was made of the productivity of breeding pullets of crosses "Dominant CZ" in the conditions of LLC Agrokormservis plus for 2021–2022 (33921 heads). An analysis was made of the productivity of hybrid hens (300 heads) of three crosses "Dominant CZ" when kept on the floor in the vivarium of the Stavropol State Agrarian University of the Stavropol Region. Until the age of 28 days, breeding hens "Dominant CZ" were grown in three-tiered cages of the company Big Dutchman, hybrid hens (control and experimental groups of 50 birds each) – on the litter. Popularization and technological support of pullets of meat and egg crosses "Dominant CZ" is carried out by the Center for the Creation and Support of Organic Poultry Farming in the South of Russia. The average rating for three performance indicators (livability, body weight at 28 days, uniformity) in 2021 was the best in breeding hens of the Sussex breed (SU), and in 2022 – in Plymouthrock black-striped hens (PP). In the experiment in the vivarium, pullets of the experimental groups were fed Chick Care prestarter for four days. It was determined that in the starting period, breeding and hybrid pullets of "Dominant CZ" differ in viability and growth rate. Feeding the prestarter at a dose of 65 g had a positive effect on the productivity of the hybrid meat-egg hens "Dominant CZ" due to their genetic characteristics, and to a greater extent the "D-107" cross. The exterior profile of the experimental groups of young animals was also determined. The index assessment of the physique showed the equality of the control and experimental groups in the hens of the D-104 cross, while in the other two crosses the experimental groups that received the prestarter in the first four days were more massive.
SUBSTANTIATION OF DRINK CONCENTRATE FORMULATION BASED ON HEMP PROTEIN FOR SPORTS NUTRITION
Authors: Merenkova Svetlana , Potoroko Irina , Il'kov Dmitriy , Matveev Andrey
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to experimentally substantiate the formulations of beverage concentrates based on vegetable protein for sports nutrition. The objects of the study were beverage concentrates based on hemp protein; drinks prepared for consumption. The following stages of scientific research were carried out, namely selection of components of beverage concentrate formulations was conducted; the organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of the quality of concentrates and drinks obtained from them were analyzed; the stability of the quality and safety of beverage concentrates during the recommended shelf life was studied. As a result of research, the compositions of beverage concentrate formulations were substantiated, including vegetable protein, antioxidant, thickener, flavoring agent and flavoring food additives. The high nutritional value of the resulting drinks, the high content of protein and digestible carbohydrates have been experimentally confirmed. Accordingly, the drinks obtained from these concentrates can be classified as protein-carbohydrate products for sports nutrition. It has been established that the quality and safety of the developed beverage concentrates comply with the regulated requirements, as well as the high preservation of their properties throughout the regulated storage period. An increase in the moisture content in the samples of concentrates (up to 8.8 %) and an increase in titratable acidity (up to 3 degrees) were established, the obtained values were within the regulated values. During the storage period of 4 months at elevated temperatures, the processes of oxidative deterioration proceeded to a small extent, the increase in acid and peroxide number was no more than 30 % relative to the initial value. The results of scientific research are recommended for implementation at enterprises specializing in the production of food products from industrial hemp seeds.
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF COW'S MILK
Authors: Kudrina Marina , Kogevnikova Irina , Khudyakova Natalya
Published: January 2025

Cow's milk has a complex structure and includes all the necessary nutrients to support human life. The content of milk protein ranges from 2.6 to 5.3 %. The main protein fractions are β-casein, κ-casein and whey proteins (immunoglobulins, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin and transferrin). The biological value of milk proteins is determined by the fact that they contain a full range of essential amino acids. Thus, all cow's milk proteins are a rich source of lysine, and casein is also characterized by a high content of proline. The main source of energy in milk is milk fat, the content of which reaches 4.5 %. In the vast majority, it is represented by glycerides, lipoids (phosphatides and sterols) and free fatty acids, among which saturated fatty acids predominate (up to 65 %). Carbohydrates in milk are represented by lactose, which, like fat, is used by the body as an energy source. It is the only source of galactose, which is part of the coenzymes involved in the synthesis of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, enzymes, and is important for metabolic processes in the human body. Minerals in cow's milk are salts of inorganic and organic acids, which are contained in an easily digestible form, which is an important factor for the normal growth and development of the body. In total, up to 80 elements were found in milk, of which calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and iron predominate. Almost all fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (groups B, C, H, etc.) are found in cow's milk.
STUDYING PROTEIN PROFILE EFFECT ON CRYSTAL FORMATION IN MODEL DAIRY SYSTEMS WITH INTERMEDIATE MOISTURE CONTENT
Authors: Turovskaya Svetlana , Kruchinin Alexandr , Illarionova Elena , Bigaeva Alana
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the influence of the protein profile of model dairy systems with intermediate moisture content on the process of crystal formation of milk sugar (lactose). Research objectives: selection of formulation components for compiling a protein profile and study of its influence on the process of formation and growth of lactose crystals in model systems during storage. The objects of research were model systems with targeted adjustment of pH values in each of them, imitating skimmed condensed milk with sugar, in which the complete or partial replacement of the protein phase with whey proteins was carried out through the use of dry whey protein concentrate, dry hydrolyzed whey protein (obtained in native or denaturing conditions), dry cheese whey. Studies of microstructural changes in consistency were carried out using the method for determining the size of lactose crystals according to GOST 29245-91. It has been established that a change in the protein profile towards an increase in the content of native and transformed whey proteins in model systems led to a slowdown in the process of lactose crystal formation. At the same time, hydrolyzed whey proteins had a higher degree of crystal growth restriction. The complete replacement of the protein phase with dry whey protein concentrate and dry cheese whey contributed to the intensive growth of crystals at their initial minimum average size (relative to other samples). However, after 14 days of storage, the average crystal size in this model system was comparable to the rest of the samples (including the control), except for the sample using hydrolyzed whey proteins. Regularities of the influence of the active acidity of the medium on the size of the crystals were also revealed. A decrease in pH from 6.2 to 5.6 leads to the formation of lactose crystals of a smaller average size by 1.9–3.3 times.
INFLUENCE OF STORAGE AND HEAT TREATMENT PROCESSES OF BLACK GRENADIER ON QUALITY INDICATORS OF RAW FISH AND FINISHED PRODUCT
Authors: Pivnenko Tat'yana , Pozdnyakova Yuliya Mihaylovna , Esipenko Roman Vladimirovich , Mikheev Evgeny Valerevich
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the dependence of the quality of raw and finished products from a promising for fishing and processing deep-sea fish species – black grenadier Coryphaenoides acrolepis – on processing and storage conditions. The fish was caught in the South Kuril subzone of the Sea of Okhotsk at a depth of 1000 m. Tasks: determination of the size-mass composition, functional-technological and physical and chemical properties of muscle tissue of two size groups of this species, the study of the rheological parameters of raw fish before and after heat treatment at various cutting and storage methods, as well as repeated freezing / thawing. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Research Institute of Innovative Biotechnologies of the Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University in Vladivostok. The following indicators were used as the main criteria for evaluating the functional and technological properties of fish muscle tissue: watering coefficient (Ko); protein-water ratio (BVK); structure formation coefficient (Kst); conditional protein coefficient (Kb); lipid-protein coefficient (Kf). The absence of significant differences in all studied parameters in two size groups before and after heat treatment is shown. Storage of carcasses and fillets in a catering establishment for 3 months to a greater extent affected the quality of carcasses in the direction of increasing the strength of muscle tissue. Repeated multiple freezing, used to search for the cause of the appearance of specimens with a rubbery consistency of muscle tissue, showed the absence of causal relationships of these processes and was confirmed by studies of changes in the molecular weight distribution of protein fractions of muscle tissue before and after storage by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
YIELD OF SPRING BARLEY DEPENDING ON THE SEEDING RATES AND SOWING DATES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TYVA
Authors: Lamazhap R
Published: January 2025

Experimental data for 2019–2021 are presented. to study the effect of seeding rates and sowing dates on the yield of spring barley in the conditions of the Republic of Tyva. The object of the study was the varieties of spring barley Biom and Olenek, approved for use in the East Siberian Region. The Acha variety served as the standard. The studies were carried out on the boghara of the forest-steppe zone at the experimental site of the Tuva Research Institute of Agriculture. The soil is dark chestnut light loam, with a neutral soil reaction pH 7.0. The moisture supply regime for the studied years was favorable, the temperature regime had lower values, compared with long-term ones. The results of the experimental work revealed that the optimal sowing time for spring barley in the conditions of rainfed agriculture falls on the last ten days of May. It has been established that the best seeding rate for spring barley varieties, providing a high weight of 1000 grains, grain weight per ear and yield, is the rate of 4.5 million germinating grains per ha. Varieties Olenek and Biom in 2021 were higher than the standard by 0.59 and 0.65 g, respectively, in terms of grain weight per ear in the second term at a seeding rate of 4.5 million. In terms of the weight of 1000 grains, on average over three years, Biom was higher than the standard in the first and second terms at a rate of 3.5 million per 3.7–4.27 g, and also at a rate of 4.5 million per 3.86–5.86 g respectively. The Biom variety had a high yield in 2021 in the second term with a seeding rate of 4.5 million germinating grains above the standard by 3.31 t/ha.
A NEW LIOPROTECTOR MEDIUM FOR LYOPHILIZATION OF NON-SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA PROMISING FOR THE BIOFERTILIZERS PRODUCTION
Authors: Ovsyankina Sofya , Khizhnyak Sergey , Abolenceva Polina , Smol'nikova Yana , Oleynikova Elena
Published: January 2025

The aim of the study was to develop a protective medium for lyophilization of a strain of non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated by the authors from agricultural soils of the Krasnoyarsk Region and identified as Azotobacter sp. The strain was incubated on Sabouraud's modified nutrient medium at 25 °C for 7 days. After incubation, bacterial cells were suspended in protective media and lyophilized using a Bio-Rus-4SFD lyophilizer. Three protective media were used: standard gelatin-sucrose agar (sucrose 10 %, gelatin 1.5, agar 0.01 %), recommended by the All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms; gelatin-sucrose agar with the addition of 1 % ascorbic acid as an antioxidant; peptone-sucrose-glycerol mixture developed by the authors (distilled water 90 ml, glycerol 10 ml, sucrose 10 g, peptone 3.2 g). Bacterial cells suspended in distilled water without lyoprotectors were used as controls. The viability of lyophilized cells was assessed by their ability to form microcolonies on the agar culture medium using phase contrast microscopy. The viability of bacterial cells after lyophilization in distilled water (control) was 8.04%; after lyophilization in standard gelatin-sucrose agar – 9.92 %; after lyophilization in a peptone-sucrose-glycerol mixture developed by the authors – 12.89 %. The difference between these protective media in terms of cell viability is statistically significant at the level of P < 0.05 according to the chi-square test (χ2). No viable cells were found after lyophilization in gelatin-sucrose agar with the addition of 1% ascorbic acid. Thus, the protective medium developed by us provides an increase in the proportion of viable cells during lyophilization by 1.3 times in comparison with standard gelatin-sucrose agar.
Podążając śladami dźwiękowej wyobraźni. Muzyka Witolda Lutosławskiego w słuchowiskach Polskiego Radia
Authors: Muras Wioleta
Published: January 2025

Radiowa twórczość Lutosławskiego należy dziś do najmniej zbadanych obszarów jego użytkowej działalności kompozytorskiej. Pracę w Polskim Radio rozpoczął w 1945 roku początkowo pełniąc funkcję Kierownika Działu Muzyki Poważnej, szybko jednak objął stanowisko kompozytora muzyki do słuchowisk. Pisaniem muzyki do audycji radiowych zajmował się do 1960 roku, mimo, że jego etatowa praca w Radiu zakończyła się w 1958 roku. Powstało w tym czasie ok. 86 audycji z jego muzyką, z czego do dziś zachowały się  33  nagrania (w warszawskich archiwach) oraz 46 partytur (w Bazylei). Niekompletność źródeł w dalszym ciągu utrudnia rekonstrukcję całego repertuaru, w tym precyzyjnego ustalenia chronologii powstania dzieł, nazwiska ich autorów oraz reżyserów. Mimo to, w wielu przypadkach udało się zweryfikować wiele informacji na temat tej twórczości. Niezwykle cennym dokumentem, odnalezionym w toku badań nad dziełami radiowymi, jest roboczy tekst Lutosławskiego pt. Rozważania teoretyczne. Stanowi on jedyne zachowane źródło odkompozytorskie, w którym prezentuje on swoje przemyślenia o roli muzyki w słuchowisku, odnosząc się do własnej praktyki kompozytorskiej.
Lutosławski, w tworzonych opracowaniach muzycznych, charakter muzyki uzależniał od typu audycji. Nadrzędny podział wynikał grupy odbiorców. W audycjach dla dzieci muzyka ma więcej cech ilustracyjnych, oddziaływujących na dziecięcą wyobraźnię. W przypadku słuchowisk dla dorosłych, różnorodne konwencje muzyczne wynikały z rodzaju i tematyki dzieł. Audycje z cyklu Poezja i muzyka, zawierały zwykle krótkie intermezza, mające za zadanie podkreślić nastrój wierszy oraz wypełnić przerwy pomiędzy recytacją zwrotek. Wśród pozostałych dzieł wyróżnić można audycje o tematyce mitologicznej, historyczno-legendarnej, ludowej oraz groteski. Stosowanie za każdym razem różnorodnych rozwiązań formalnych, stylistycznych, przy różnicowaniu funkcji muzyki, przekładało się na indywidualność warstwy muzycznej. Skala opracowań muzycznych sięga od bardzo prostej melodyki, tonalnej harmoniki, czasem zamierzonej archaizacji, poprzez muzykę w neoklasycznym stylu, do współczesnego języka (poszukiwania harmoniczne i brzmieniowe). Nie sposób doszukiwać się tu jakiejś linii rozwojowej warsztatu kompozytora. Z pewnością wiele z partytur stała się polem do poszukiwań fakturalnych, rytmicznych, harmonicznych, itp., Ponadto, ich tworzenie dawało kompozytorowi wsparcie finansowe, szczególnie ważne w pierwszych latach powojennych.
Z korespondencji Romana Statkowskiego: postscriptum (listy do Ludwiki Trębickiej z lat 1919–1925)
Authors: Zieziula Grzegorz
Published: January 2025

Publikacja obejmuje wstęp naukowy i edycję źródłową trzynastu listów Romana Statkowskiego (1859–1925), polskiego kompozytora, w l. 1904–25 profesora konserwatorium muzycznego w Warszawie, do jego uczennicy Ludwiki Trębickiej (1889–1977). Oryginały tych listów, pochodzących z l. 1919–25, wchodzą w skład zbioru materiałów biograficznych dotyczących Statkowskiego przechowywanych w Bibliotece, Muzeum i Archiwum Warszawskiego Towarzystwa Muzycznego (PL-Wtm- D 127/1–17). Prezentowana korespondencja rzuca światło na relacje Statkowskiego z uczniami oraz ostatnie lata jego biografii, kiedy podupadał na zdrowiu oraz borykał się z różnymi problemami, m.in. z wypaleniem zawodowym i artystycznym oraz z kłopotami finansowymi.
SOME ASPECTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE COMPANIES IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGE
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia, Ponikarova Anna S. , Ponikarova Irina N. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of implementing changes in knowledge-intensive companies under the conditions of emerging constraints and perturbations. The article studies the content characteristics of various processes of preparation and realization of transformations, the requirements of the company's internal environment and external factors of development. It is concluded that the current changes are not enough to achieve the desired development efficiency. Based on the content of the optimization stages, it is suggested that a comprehensive analysis of production processes and the construction of a primary pre-project organizational model of the processes are necessary. At the same time, it is noted that the com-pleteness, timeliness and targeting of the impacts realized with the help of this model to achieve the required level of quality of the company's development are of particular relevance.
Utilisation de l'acide performique pour réduire la pollution microbiologique et chimique des eaux résiduaires urbaines
Authors: Nabintu Kajoka Christelle , Oliveira Marcos , Sinopoli Viky , Ba Waly , Giroud Barbara , Vulliet Emmanuelle , Caupos Emilie , Chebbo Ghassan , Guerin Sabrina , Rocher Vincent , Gasperi Johnny , Brosillon Stephan , Le Roux Julien
Published: January 2025

L'acide performique (PFA) est utilisé pour désinfecter les eaux résiduaires urbaines (ERU) en raison de son efficacité prouvée contre divers microorganismes pathogènes. Cependant, ses avantages par rapport à l’ozone, l’un des désinfectants principaux dans le traitement des ERU, ainsi que sa réactivité avec les molécules pharmaceutiques, restent peu documentés. Cette étude, menée sur un pilote alimenté en continu par de l'eau nitrifiée, compare l'efficacité du PFA, seul ou en couplage pour générer des procédés d’oxydation avancée (POAs), à celle de l'ozone pour éliminer trois microorganismes pathogènes (Escherichia coli, E. coli, entérocoques intestinaux, EI et spores de bactéries sulfito-réductrices, SBSR) et sept molécules pharmaceutiques couramment détectées dans les ERU de la région parisienne. Les résultats montrent que le PFA élimine efficacement E. coli et les EI (élimination croissante entre 0,8 et 2 mg PFA/L) et qu’il est plus efficace que l’ozone à toutes les doses spécifiques testées (0,14 à 1,00 gO3/gCOD). Les SBSR ont été mieux éliminées avec les POAs UV-C/PFA et ozone/PFA, grâce aux espèces réactives issues de la décomposition du PFA par l’ozone et/ou la photolyse UV-C. En outre, l'élimination des molécules pharmaceutiques par le PFA a montré des abattements moyens faibles (de 6 à 45 % pour 2 à 10 mg PFA/L). Par ailleurs, l’UV-C/PFA améliore les abattements moyens, en particulier à faible dose (22 % à 2 mg PFA/L), bien que cette amélioration ne soit pas due à un effet synergique. En revanche, comparé au PFA, l’ozone à fortes doses spécifiques a conduit à des abattements plus élevés (de 62 à 92 % pour 0,48 à 1,00 gO3/gCOD). De plus, à une faible dose d’ozone spécifique (0,29 gO3/gCOD), ozone/PFA s'est avéré plus efficace que l'utilisation individuelle du PFA ou de l'ozone.
Comment surveiller et prévoir la qualité microbiologique des sites de baignade dans les cours d'eau urbains ? Le site d'étude du bassin de la Villette (Paris)
Authors: Guillot – Le Goff Arthur , Angelotti de Ponte Rodrigues Natalia , Carmigniani Rémi , Vinçon-Leite Brigitte
Published: January 2025

La baignade dans les cours d’eau urbains bénéficie d’un attrait grandissant. Afin de limiter les risques sanitaires pour les baigneurs, un système d’alerte permet d’anticiper des épisodes de contamination microbiologique et ainsi de mieux gérer l’éventuelle fermeture à la baignade. Cet article présente un système prédictif à court terme (48 heures) développé sur le site d’étude du bassin de La Villette à Paris, où une baignade publique est ouverte en été depuis 2017. Il s’appuie sur la mesure de variables physico-chimiques, hydrauliques et sur la mesure in situ de bactéries indicatrices fécales (BIF) en amont de l’espace de baignade. Le fonctionnement de ce système de suivi et d’alerte est illustré sur l’été 2021. Les données collectées du 1er juin au 31 août 2021 ont révélé un événement de forte contamination microbiologique, ayant entrainé une fermeture du site de baignade, après de fortes précipitations survenues à la mi-juillet. L'intégration de ces mesures à un modèle hydrodynamique, TELEMAC-3D, a permis de simuler le transport des bactéries et leur distribution spatiale. Les mesures, ainsi que la modélisation, ont aussi permis de montrer les effets de la stratification thermique sur la vitesse et la direction de l’écoulement, modifiant alors fortement le temps de transfert des BIF. Les résultats mettent en évidence la capacité de cette approche à anticiper les pics de contamination, fournissant ainsi des informations utiles pour décider de la fermeture et la réouverture des zones de baignade.
Valorisation de données débit- qualité en station d'épuration issues de l’autosurveillance réglementaire ( partie I)
Authors: Joannis Claude , Hayek Ali , Chebbo Ghassan
Published: January 2025

En s’appuyant sur les données du système d’information SANDRE pour les systèmes d’assainissement du bassin Seine Normandie, une méthodologie d’analyse et de présentation des données d’autosurveillance des stations d’épuration a été élaborée pour obtenir une vue générale du fonctionnement des différents types de systèmes d’assainissement dans différents contextes météorologiques et socio-économiques. Cet article présente les premiers résultats de cette étude, relatifs aux volumes et flux collectés et les concentrations en polluants classiques, en temps sec et en temps de pluie, et formule des propositions vis à vis des études diagnostic de réseaux (la deuxième partie de cet article sera consacrée aux performances de la dépollution). Les valeurs de référence des flux de temps sec ne sont pas remises en cause, mais les fluctuations observées sur un site donné peuvent être importantes, en particulier pour les MES, la DCO et la DBO5, et atteignent 30 à 35% de la médiane. On n’a pas trouvé de facteurs explicatifs généraux de ces variations, qui nécessiteraient une étude détaillée site par site. L’effet de la pluie devient notable à partir de la valeur arbitraire de 8 mm (Pj+Pj-1>8 mm). Il est beaucoup plus marqué sur les volumes que sur les flux, si bien que l’on observe une baisse sensible et systématique des concentrations moyennes journalières. Les flux ont néanmoins tendance à augmenter en temps de pluie, surtout les flux de MES. A l’inverse les flux d’ammonium restent assez stables, voire diminuent en temps de pluie. Ce comportement pourrait être utilisé en diagnostic pour évaluer les volumes déversés en amont. Les réseaux réputés séparatifs ne se distinguent globalement guère des réseaux mixtes ou unitaires en termes de sensibilité des flux à la pluie. Néanmoins l’analyse multivariée a permis de différencier les sites selon la sensibilité des concentrations à la pluie, et on observe une certaine tendance des réseaux séparatifs à présenter une moins grande sensibilité.
School Attachment at TTC De La Salle: Trials and Tribulations
Authors: - Tembinkosi Dunmore Siwela
Published: January 2025

School attachment refers to the practical component of teacher training in which a student teacher spends a period of a school term in a school environment, applying theory learnt at college to real classroom situations. During that period, tutors regularly visit student teachers to check on their progress and give feedback, especially on lesson preparation and delivery.
This study investigates what is happening on the ground as far as school attachment is concerned. Problems faced by Year 3 Teacher Training College student teachers on school attachment in Rwandan primary schools will also be explored. Suggestions for improvement will be proffered.
We adopted the phenomenological case study in which we collected data from the natural setting, namely: five purposively selected primary schools. We did our pilot study at the sixth school. We used three methods of data collection namely: direct observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis (Triangulation). Our participants were TTC student teachers on school attachment, their pupils, school administrators and the school attachment coordinator.
Our findings showed that pupils faced conceptual and communication challenges because most of them were not yet proficient enough to use ESL effectively to learn in class. Student teachers were proficient enough to use ESL as the medium of communication in class albeit they sometimes used broken English to communicate concepts to their learners. When student teachers and their pupils failed to communicate effectively, they code-switched to Kinyarwanda, their L1.
The use of media, which in most cases was absent, could have helped to ease that problem. Pupils and student teachers are encouraged to speak in English when they are in class and outside. Debating competitions in English should also be held frequently. TTC tutors should visit student teachers on school attachment at least three times, and not just once as is the case currently.
Facilitating Online Learning Experience Among First Year College Students
Authors: - Mary Rosevie P. Alamiya
Published: January 2025

The study determined the extent of educational experience of First Year College Students enrolled in Mindanao Autonomous College Foundation Incorporated in online learning using Facebook. It also explored the challenges and prospects experienced by the learners using the platform. Using a mixed-method design, empirical data for quantitative and qualitative analyses were sourced through checklist questionnaire and semi-structured interviews respectively. 164 respondents were surveyed while 14 respondents were interviewed. The quantitative data were treated using statistical tools such as frequency, percentages, mean, ranking, z-test, and one-way analysis of variance (anova) while the qualitative data were analysed through thematic analysis. Interestingly, the result revealed that Facebook was able to facilitate learning among students using the community of inquiry framework that determined online learning experience. Integral to this framework were the social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence wherein students agreed to have it experienced using Facebook. However, students also revealed varying concerns that challenges their online learning experience such as poor internet connections, regular power outage, among others. On the other hand, students revealed some prospects of Facebook such as its easiness to use, facilitate in sharing works, making communication and connections, and express ideas and opinions relevant to their educational experiences.
Revisiting Jennifer Niven's "All the Bright Places" in the Lenses of Health Humanities
Authors: - Yona Maxine Kharkongor
Published: January 2025

This research analyses the novel “All the Bright Places” by Jennifer Niven through the concept of Health Humanities which portrays the lives of two teens who undergoes mental trauma and both grapples with depression. Both the characters Theodore Finch and Violet Markey have mental illness, specifically bipolar disorder and survivor remorse.
भारत में ग्रामीण विकास की योजनाएं : एक अध्ययन पीएमएवाई- जी एवं डीडीयू- जीकेवाई के विशेष संदर्भ में
Authors: - Karishma , - Mamta Bhadola Joshi
Published: January 2025

देश के सर्वागीण विकास के लिए ग्रामीण क्षेत्र का विकास होना अति आवश्यक है | ग्रामीण विकास का तात्पर्य ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में निवासरत लोगों के जीवन की गुणवत्ता और आर्थिक स्तर में सुधार की प्रक्रिया से है | इस उद्देश्य को ध्यान में रखते हुए इस शोध पत्र में भारत में ग्रामीण विकास मंत्रालय, भारत सरकार द्वारा संचालित की जा रही विभिन्न ग्रामीण विकास योजनाओं की समीक्षा की गई है | इस अध्ययन में विभिन्न सरकारी वेबसाइटस और सरकार की रिपोर्टों से लिए गए द्वितीयक आंकड़ों का उपयोग किया गया है | द्वितीयक आंकड़ों का विश्लेषण कर यह ज्ञात हुआ कि प्रधानमंत्री आवास योजना –ग्रामीण के अंतर्गत 2019-20 से 2023-24 तक निर्माण के लिए 19609298 आवास स्वीकृत किये गये हैं जिनमें से वर्ष 2023-24 तक 16971980 आवास निर्मित किये जा चुके हैं | जो स्वीकृत आवासों की संख्या का 86.55 प्रतिशत है | दीनदयाल उपाध्याय ग्रामीण कौशल योजना(डीडीयू- जीकेवाई) के अंतर्गत 2019-20 से 2023-24 तक कुल 6416663 प्रशिक्षार्थियों को प्रशिक्षित किया गया और कुल 4012454 प्रशिक्षार्थी नियुक्त किये गये | अध्ययन से यह निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि प्रधानमंत्री आवास योजना –ग्रामीण(पीएमएवाई- जी) और दीनदयाल उपाध्याय ग्रामीण कौशल योजना(डीडीयू- जीकेवाई) ने भारत में ग्रामीण विकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है |
From Policy To Practice: A Critical Review Of NOTTO’s Role In Ensuring Sustainable Organ Donation In India
Authors: - Mr. Kartikaiy Mishra , - Dr. Anshuman Mishra
Published: January 2025

Organ donation is a vital healthcare initiative addressing the life-threatening gap between organ demand and supply. In India, the National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) has played a critical role in formulating policies, coordinating organ donation efforts, and promoting public awareness. This paper provides a comprehensive review of NOTTO’s contributions, achievements, and challenges in ensuring sustainable organ donation in India. By analyzing data from recent NOTTO annual reports, including trends, challenges, and case studies, the paper underscores systemic and operational issues such as public awareness deficits, infrastructural disparities, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. The study also highlights success stories and best practices from states like Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, and institutions like AIIMS Delhi. Recommendations focus on policy interventions, awareness campaigns, and leveraging technology to enhance organ donation rates. This critical review advocates for a unified, multi-stakeholder approach to create a robust, transparent, and ethical organ donation system in India.
Gender Disparity in Leadership of Family-Run Businesses
Authors: - Shainaya Aggarwal
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the complex dynamics of leadership and succession within family-owned businesses (FOBs), which constitute a significant portion of the global economy. Given their importance, it is crucial for these businesses to prioritize capable leadership while navigating the complexities of family ties. The paper explores how leadership succession is often influenced by familial relationships, which may lead to nepotism and inefficiencies in decision-making. It also investigates the challenges FOBs face in diversifying leadership, especially gender diversity, which has been shown to enhance decision-making, innovation, and organizational resilience. Although gender-diverse teams tend to perform better, women remain underrepresented in top executive roles due to persistent societal biases, work-life balance challenges, and limited mentorship opportunities. This is particularly relevant in family businesses, where leadership roles are frequently passed down through family members. The paper argues that FOBs might have a unique advantage in fostering gender diversity, as familial ties reduce traditional barriers faced by women in non-family firms. By emphasizing competence and long-term vision over short-term gains, family businesses may create more opportunities for women to assume leadership roles, aligning with their strategic goals. The study concludes that while FOBs face their own challenges, their potential to drive more inclusive leadership practices offers a competitive advantage in the evolving business landscape.
A Comprehensive Review on insights of Ancient Vedic physics
Authors: - Badrish Badoni , - Yogesh Prasad , - Mukesh Kumar , - Krishan Chand
Published: January 2025

This Article provides a deep analysis of Vedic physics by investigating its prime ideas and their relation with contemporary scientific theories. By analyzing ancient Indian Vedic text like the Vedas and Upanishads, the composition explores key ideas such as cyclic time, akasha (ether), and how consciousness shapes reality. To find similarities between these ancient discoveries and modern scientific theories, a multidisciplinary method that includes textual analysis, comparative research, and philosophical investigation is used. Past Research enables that, there are many notable similarities between the quantum vacuum and the Vedic text about akasha, which indicates that the ancient Indian saints believed in a movable ground that supported matter and energy. The oscillatory cosmos and other contemporary cosmological ideas are contrasted with cyclic notion of time (kalpas and yugas) found in the Vedas such as the oscillatory universe and Big Bang scenarios presenting diverse perspectives on the origins and history of the cosmos. Again quantum physics and the study defining that how the observer shapes physical reality are in line with the Vedic emphasis on consciousness as a unifying field. The study emphasizes how these ancient insights could enhance contemporary scientific paradigms, despite the interpretation difficulties posed by the symbolic language of Vedic texts. The Vedic text provides a combination of philosophical and empirical prescript, which works as a catalyst in finding the creative answers for unspecified scientific problems like the nature of energy, unified forces and dark matter. Present composition stimulates an interdisciplinary conversation which works like a bridge between tradition and modernity along with highlighting the timeless value of early scientific ideas. The composition aims to provide a unified vision of science and spirituality by fusing Vedic wisdom with modern approaches to shed light on new paradigms for comprehending the universe and humanity's place within it.
An Ecocritical Study Of Amitav Ghosh’s Sundarbans Triology
Authors: - Sushanta Kumar Mahalik , - Dr. Manas Ranjan Samal
Published: January 2025

Eco-criticism is a branch of literary scholarship that finds tangible connections between the environment and literature. The environmental problem is one of the most prominent issues of current generation. Climate crisis stands as a sole factor in the environment in view of ecological imbalance. This is an ever increasingly presence in our daily lives. The prominent causes of climate change are an increase of greenhouse gasses, deforestation to develop human settlements, excessive use of fossil fuels and so on. The Sundarbans is the world’s largest contiguous mangrove forest. It is internationally recognized for its unique biodiversity and ecological importance. Ecosystem impacts Climate change has already affected the Sundarbans significantly in terms of sea-level rise and resulting salinization of water and soil. In The Hungry Tide, Jungle Nama and Gun Island, Ghosh’s concerns about the existential crisis that may occur due to such negligence are depicted. Besides, natural calamities, pandemics can also paralyze the world which can occur due to ecological imbalance. He believes that only by caring for and loving other people, humanity will be able to care for and protect mother earth. In this paper, I would like highlight on eco-critical issues reflected in Sundarbans by focusing on the aforesaid works of Amitav Ghosh.
Keywords: Environment, Literature, Climate Crisis, Fossil fuels, existential Crisis., Ecological Imbalance, biodiversity, Calamities
Cultural Hegemony: Colonial Obligation, Swadeshi Resistance and Globalization in India from the British to the Contemporary Era
Authors: - Sumit Majumdar
Published: January 2025

The concept of ‘Cultural Hegemony’ by philosopher Antonio Gramsci is crucial to comprehending Western Colonial effect on India’s liberation struggle. British colonisation changed Indian society, morals and knowledge beyond its political and economic goals. The Crown aimed to control Indian social, cultural, political and economic perspectives through education, language, and Western philosophies. English education and Bengali “Babu culture” are tangible results of this process. However, some Indian leaders and thinkers blended Western ideals with Indian Culture to fight colonial power. The ‘Swadeshi’ movement promoted self-reliance, especially in textiles and resisted British cultural dominance. Globalisation in India in the 1990s affected India’s cultural identity with luxury Western brands and lifestyle, reinforcing new cultural hegemony. This study examines cultural hegemony in India from colonial control to post-independence and modern times, examining how resistance, adaptation and globalisation have shaped the Indian situation.
The effects of altitude training on hormonal response in professional cyclists
Authors: Faiss Raphael , Krumm Bastien , Moreillon Basile , Mettraux Lena , Wackernell Julian , Spragg James , Faulhaber Martin
Published: January 2025

Introduction
The Alps offer numerous possibilities for athletes to prepare competitions at altitude training with the aims of further gains for near sea-level performances through physiological adaptations. Hematological adaptations (e.g., increase in hemoglobin mass (Hbmass)), improved oxygen delivery or peripheral adaptations at the muscle level have been thoroughly investigated in the past decades. While the impact of prolonged sojourns at altitude on hematological variations is increasingly well understood, research is very limited on the hormonal responses to altitude, and the underlying mechanisms underpinning putative anabolic and erythropoietic adaptations in elite endurance athletes.
Methods
21 professional cyclists (25.4 ± 3.3 yrs, 69.8 ± 5.0 kg, maximal aerobic power 560 ± 34 W) underwent a 3-weeks altitude training camp at an altitude of 2050 m (inspired oxygen pressure 115 mmHg, Kühtai, Austria) while training between 500 and 2500 m of altitude (Live-High Train-Low (LHTL) approach). Total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and plasma volume (PV) were determined by CO-rebreathing at the start and end of the altitude sojourn. Additional blood samples were taken two weeks before, 72 h after and 10 days after the training camp to monitor i) steroidal hormones (testosterone), and ii) endocrine response (Insuline-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)).
Results
At the end of the altitude training camp, Hbmass had increased in average by 3.7% (+40 g, p<0.001) while PV was decreased by 5.7% (-216 mL, p=0.002). During the 21 days at altitude, a significant increase was observed for testosterone (from 5.2 ± 2.6 to 8.3 ± 2.7 ng/mL, p<0.001)), and it was still elevated 48 h after returning to low altitude (6.8 ± 2.3 ng/mL) but decreased towards baseline after 10 days (6.59 ± 2.6, p= 0.01). IGF-1 was elevated 48 h after the altitude camp when compared to the initial baseline (273.5 ± 65.1 vs. 235.9 ± 51.6 µg/L, p=0.003).
Discussion/Conclusion
In summary, this study was the first to monitor hormonal markers over 7 weeks before, during, and after a 3-week altitude training camp in a large cohort of professional cyclists. The increase in both testosterone and IGF-1 during the time course of the altitude sojourn suggests an anabolic stimulus linked to training adaptations. Concomitantly, a positive erythropoietic effect was observed while a moderate decrease in PV reflected a thorough monitoring of fluid balance during the stay at altitude. The individual changes observed for IGF-1 at altitude should additionally be further considered in the context of the newly implemented endocrine passport monitoring this variable for anti-doping purposes.
Overall, this study supports positive physiological adaptations in elite endurance athletes following a LHTL training camp planned according to the current state of the art knowledge collected in the past 60 years investigating hypoxic training strategies.
Unpacking gender-based violence in sport: How can the sport sector effectively respond to the need for safe sporting contexts?
Authors: Truskewycz Hayley
Published: January 2025

This symposium proposes to illustrate three pertinent elements of the ongoing process of knowledge creation, analysis and transfer in the field of safe sport. The first presentation introduces an empirical study of the diffusion of terminology and practical policy at the level of international sport federations. The results highlight how implementation of policy around the sensitive and ethically laden issue of safeguarding is often performative at this level of sport governance. The second presentation questions how knowledge produced prevalence studies on abuse in sport is created, how it is used and by whom. The multi-method research unveils fervently political and personally beneficial motivations for studies that produce results showing high rates of abuse. The final presentation details the Global Observatory for Gender Equality & Sport as an organisation situated between academia and practitioners tasked with knowledge collation and diffusion. Explaining the organisation’s operation in this space illustrates the challenges and opportunities for knowledge transfer, and offers 4S researchers a chance to broaden the reach of their work.
Bridging Research and Practice: Swiss Olympic’s Approach to Sports Science and Innovation
Authors: Geboltsberger Sarah
Published: January 2025

Swiss Olympic is the umbrella organisation for Swiss sport and supports the national sports federations at various levels, increasingly also in the area of (sports) science. Research, development and innovation are key factors in remaining competitive in the international sports competition.
Since 2018, the funds available for applied sports science have been significantly increased. With a budget of CHF 1.5 million per year, Swiss Olympic's ‘Sports Science’ funding programme is an essential source of funding for Swiss elite sport.
The aim of the ‘Sports Science’ funding programme is to promote practice-oriented (sports) science in the federations. This is to be achieved on the one hand by subsidising scientific staff and on the other by promoting scientific measures and projects.
In addition, the Sports Innovation Hub was launched in 2024 to increase competitiveness through innovative ideas and collaborative approaches. A maximum funding application of CHF 200,000 can be triggered per project. The fundings are awarded exclusively to national member federations of Swiss Olympic through applications.
The ‘embedded scientist’, a (sports) scientist embedded in the federation structure, is proving to be a promising model for conducting the most targeted and practice-oriented research possible due to its proximity to athletes, coaches and officials.
Nevertheless, linking universities, research and business remains a challenge, one of the three key points of Stöckli's (Chef de Mission Swiss Olympic) final statements after the 2024 Summer Olympics.
References
Swiss Olympic. (2021). Ausführungsbestimmungen Sportwissenschaft [Implementation regulations for sport science]. https://www.swissolympic.ch/dam/jcr:267287de-d451-4b10-bfc8-c0b478201283/Ausf%C3%BChrungsbestimmungen_Sportwissenschaft_2021_DE.pdf
Swiss Olympic. (2023). Ausführungsbestimmungen Sports Innovation Hub [Implementation regulations Sports Innovation Hub]. https://www.swissolympic.ch/dam/jcr:e2a34443-f52f-4bbc-a882-656bd074992a/231219_SIH_Ausf%C3%BChrungsbestimmungen_DE_Final.pdf