bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metamaterial-based octave-wide terahertz bandpass filters
Authors: Maleki Ali , Singh Avinash , Jaber Ahmed , Cui Wei , Xin Yongbao , Sullivan Brian T. , Boyd Robert W. , Ménard Jean-Michel
Published: February 2023

We present octave-wide bandpass filters in the terahertz (THz) region based on bilayer-metamaterial (BLMM) structures. The passband region has a super-Gaussian shape with a maximum transmittance approaching 70% and a typical stopband rejection of 20 dB. The design is based on a metasurface consisting of a metallic square-hole array deposited on a transparent polymer, which is stacked on top of an identical metasurface with a subwavelength separation. The superimposed metasurface structures were designed using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and fabricated using a photolithography process. Experimental characterization of these structures between 0.3 and 5.8 THz is performed with a time-domain THz spectroscopy system. Good agreement between experiment and simulation results is observed. We also demonstrated that two superimposed BLMM (2BLMM) devices increase the steepness of the roll-offs to more than 85 dB/octave and enable a superior stopband rejection approaching 40 dB while the maximum transmittance remains above 65%. This work paves the way toward new THz applications, including the detection of THz pulses centered at specific frequencies, and an enhanced time-resolved detection sensitivity toward molecular vibrations that are noise dominated by a strong, off-resonant, driving field.
Aid when ‘there is nothing left to offer’: Experiences of palliative care and palliative care needs in humanitarian crises
Authors: Schwartz Lisa , Nouvet Elysée , de Laat Sonya , Yantzi Rachel , Wahoush Olive , Khater Wejdan A. , Rwililiza Emmanuel Musoni , Abu-Siam Ibraheem , Krishnaraj Gautham , Amir Takhliq , Bezanson Kevin , Wallace Corinne Schuster , Sow Oumou Bah , Diallo Alpha Ahmadou , Diallo Fatoumata Binta , Elit Laurie , Bernard Carrie , Hunt Matthew
Published: February 2023

Access to palliative care, and more specifically the alleviation of avoidable physical and psychosocial suffering is increasingly recognized as a necessary component of humanitarian response. Palliative approaches to care can meet the needs of patients for whom curative treatment may not be the aim, not just at the very end of life but alleviation of suffering more broadly. In the past several years many organizations and sectoral initiatives have taken steps to develop guidance and policies to support integration of palliative care. However, it is still regarded by many as unfeasible or aspirational in crisis contexts; particularly where care for persons with life threatening conditions or injuries is logistically, legally, and ethically challenging. This article presents a synthesis of findings from five qualitativesub-studieswithin aresearch program on palliative care provision in humanitarian crisesthat sought to better understand the ethical and practical dimensions of humanitarian organizations integrating palliative care into emergency responses. Our multi-disciplinary, multi-national team held 98 in-depth semi-structured interviews with people with experiences in natural disasters, refugee camps in Rwanda and Jordan, and in Ebola Treatment Centers in Guinea. Participants included patients, family members, health care workers, and other staff of humanitarian agencies. We identified four themes from descriptions of the struggles and successes of applying palliative care in humanitarian settings: justification and integration of palliative care into humanitarian response, contextualizing palliative care approaches to crisis settings, the importance of being attentive to the ‘situatedness of dying’, and the need for retaining a holistic approach to care. We discuss these findings in relation to the ideals embraced in palliative care and corresponding humanitarian values, concluding that palliative care in humanitarian response is essential for responding to avoidable pain and suffering in humanitarian settings.
National health policies and strategies for addressing chronic kidney disease: Data from the International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas
Authors: Neuen Brendon L. , Bello Aminu K. , Levin Adeera , Lunney Meaghan , Osman Mohamed A. , Ye Feng , Ashuntantang Gloria E. , Bellorin-Font Ezequiel , Gharbi Mohammed Benghanem , Davison Sara , Ghnaimat Mohammad , Harden Paul , Jha Vivekanand , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Kerr Peter G. , Klarenbach Scott , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Luyckx Valerie , Ossareh Shahrzad , Perl Jeffrey , Rashid Harun Ur , Rondeau Eric , See Emily J. , Saad Syed , Sola Laura , Tchokhonelidze Irma , Tesar Vladimir , Tungsanga Kriang , Kazancioglu Rumeyza Turan , Wang Angela Yee-Moon , Yang Chih-Wei , Zemchenkov Alexander , Zhao Ming-hui , Jager Kitty J. , Caskey Fergus J. , Perkovic Vlado , Jindal Kailash K. , Okpechi Ikechi G. , Tonelli Marcello , Feehally John , Harris David C. , Johnson David W.
Published: February 2023

National strategies for addressing chronic kidney disease (CKD) are crucial to improving kidney health. We sought to describe country-level variations in non-communicable disease (NCD) strategies and CKD-specific policies across different regions and income levels worldwide. The International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas (GKHA) was a multinational cross-sectional survey conducted between July and October 2018. Responses from key opinion leaders in each country regarding national NCD strategies, the presence and scope of CKD-specific policies, and government recognition of CKD as a health priority were described overall and according to region and income level. 160 countries participated in the GKHA survey, comprising 97.8% of the world’s population. Seventy-four (47%) countries had an established national NCD strategy, and 53 (34%) countries reported the existence of CKD-specific policies, with substantial variation across regions and income levels. Where CKD-specific policies existed, non-dialysis CKD care was variably addressed. 79 (51%) countries identified government recognition of CKD as a health priority. Low- and low-middle income countries were less likely to have strategies and policies for addressing CKD and have governments which recognise it as a health priority. The existence of CKD-specific policies, and a national NCD strategy more broadly, varied substantially across different regions around the world but was overall suboptimal, with major discrepancies between the burden of CKD in many countries and governmental recognition of CKD as a health priority. Greater recognition of CKD within national health policy is critical to improving kidney healthcare globally.
Cystatin C proteoforms in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dahl Helene , Meyer Klaus , Sandnes Kristina , Welland Natasha Lervaag , Arnesen Iselin , Marti Hans-Peter , Dierkes Jutta , Lysne Vegard
Published: February 2023

Cystatin C, a cysteine protease inhibitor, is used as a biomarker of renal function. It offers several advantages compared to creatinine, and formulas for the estimation of the glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C have been developed. Recently, several proteoforms of cystatin C have been discovered, including an intact protein with a hydroxylated proline at the N-terminus, and N-terminal truncated forms. There is little knowledge about the biological significance of these proteoforms. Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients with different stages of chronic renal disease (pre-dialysis n = 53; hemodialysis n = 51, renal transplant n = 53). Measurement of cystatin C proteoforms by MALDI-TOF MS, assessment of medicine prescription using the first two levels of the Anatomical Therapeutic chemical system from patients’ records. Results: Patients receiving hemodialysis had the highest cystatin C concentrations, followed by pre-dialysis patients and patients with a renal transplant. In all groups, the most common proteoforms were native cystatin C and CysC 3Pro-OH while the truncated forms made up 28%. The distribution of the different proteoforms was largely independent of renal function and total cystatin C. However, the use of corticosteroids (ATC-L02) and immunosuppressants (ATC-H04) considerably impacted the distribution of proteoforms. Conclusion: The different proteoforms of cystatin C increased proportionally with total cystatin C in patients with chronic kidney disease. Prescription of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants had a significant effect on the distribution of proteoforms. The biological significance of these proteoforms remains to be determined.
The empirical evidence for the social-ecological impacts of seaweed farming
Authors: Spillias Scott , Kelly Rachel , Cottrell Richard S. , O’Brien Katherine R. , Im Ran-Young , Kim Ji Yoon , Lei Chuan , Leung Rainbow W. S. , Matsuba Misako , Reis Juliana Albano , Sato Yoichi , Sempert Kai , McDonald-Madden Eve
Published: February 2023

Seaweed farming is widely expected to transform the way we approach sustainable developments, particularly in the context of the ‘Blue Economy’. However, many claims of the social and ecological benefits from seaweed farming have limited or contextually weak empirical grounding. Here we systematically review relevant publications across four languages to form a comprehensive picture of observed—rather than theorised—social and environmental impacts of seaweed farming globally. We show that, while some impacts such as improved water quality and coastal livelihoods are consistently reported, other promulgated benefits vary across cultivation contexts or are empirically unsubstantiated. For some communities, increasing dependence on seaweed farming may improve or worsen the cultural fabric and their vulnerability to economic and environmental shocks. The empirical evidence for the impacts of seaweed farming is also restricted geographically, mainly to East Asia and South-East Asia, and taxonomically. Seaweed farming holds strong potential to contribute to sustainability objectives, but the social and ecological risks associated with scaling up global production remain only superficially understood. These risks require greater attention to ensure just, equitable, and sustainable seaweed industries can be realised.
El relato sobre la nación en los debates del Ateneo de Madrid (1875-1898)
Authors: Muñoz Sanz-Agero María
Published: February 2023

La Restauración Borbónica fue el periodo culmen de la configuración del relato liberal que se desarrolló durante el siglo XIX, no solo en organismos dependientes del Estado, como la Real Academia de la Historia, sino también en centros de sociabilidad como el Ateneo de Madrid. La construcción del Estado liberal hizo necesaria la fundamentación en el pasado para la propuesta de proyectos futuros para la nación. El presente artículo muestra el consenso entre distintos sectores ideológicos del Ateneo de Madrid en la concepción del pasado nacional y las diferencias en la valoración de ese pasado. Fruto de esas diferencias, los oradores elaboraron diferentes tradiciones que apoyaron su idea del ser de España y las reformas que propusieron.
CONFUSÃO ENTRE GÊNERO E SEXO COMO RECURSO IDEOLÓGICO E DESEDUCATIVO NA FALA DE UMA POLÍTICA-PROFESSORA
Authors: De Lima Ana Carolina Alves , Felix Jeane , Carvalho Maria Eulina Pessoa de
Published: February 2023

O texto analisa a palestra da professora de História e deputada estadual por Santa Catarina, no Fórum Nacional sobre Violência Institucional contra Crianças e Adolescentes, promovido pelo Ministério da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos em abril de 2021. Nele, a palestrante expressa desconhecimento dos conceitos de gênero e sexualidade, e afirma existir uma suposta “ideologia de gênero”, que ameaça a integridade física e moral de crianças e adolescentes, expondo-os à violência institucional. Realizou-se a análise qualitativa do vídeo da palestra, tomando-o como um artefato cultural, com inspiração na pesquisa audiovisual. Assim, compreendendo gênero e sexualidade como construções sociais, culturais e pedagógicas, argumenta-se que abordar esses temas na escola ajuda a identificar possíveis casos de violência e abusos, ameaças reais às quais crianças e adolescentes infelizmente estão expostos, mas também a refletir sobre as diversidades que nos constituem e nos enriquecem individual e coletivamente.
MULTIVERSAS ABORDAGENS SOBRE IDENTIDADES: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Santos Minichilli Prates Gilson , De Jesus Santana Alessandro , Santana da Silva Luzia Wilma , Souza Pinto Danilo César , Leal Barbosa Ana Angélica
Published: February 2023

Trata-se de um Relato de Experiência da aproximação entre o ensino superior e o médio, como estratégia a formação docente, de pós-graduandos em nível stricto sensu, na disciplina Estágio de Docência. Decorre da realização do minicurso “identidades, diferença e educação: multiversas abordagens”, que teve como público-alvo estudantes do ensino médio, faixa etária entre 15 e 18 anos, de uma instituição pública no interior da Bahia. Realizado em dois encontros, que totalizou vinte horas, e se inscreveu na programação pedagógica escolar. Insere-se na perspectiva de discussões sobre temas ligados às populações negras, à promoção do agir-refletir os constructos de saberes-fazeres enoveladores das discussões sobre consciência negra. Teve como foco de ação educativa trazer para dentro da escola experiências que cooperem a uma sociedade mais justa, igualitária e que respeite a diversidade humana, e o empoderamento das pessoas na luta contra o racismo em todos os espaços na sociedade atual.
FORMAÇÃO NAS RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADES EM CURSOS DE PEDAGOGIA DIALOGANDO COM PERSPECTIVAS FOUCAULTIANAS
Authors: De Jerusalém Ferreira Silva Apolônia , De Castro Roney Polato
Published: February 2023

O artigo tem como foco as discussões realizadas em uma pesquisa de doutorado em educação, cuja discussão dialoga com alguns dos pressupostos foucaultianos para pensar questões de gênero e sexualidade nos processos de formação docente em cursos de Pedagogia de três universidades federais mineiras. As análises buscam pensar se os cursos de Pedagogia são problematizadores dos saberes que constituem as estudantes em formação, tomando os currículos desses cursos como elementos diretamente envolvidos nas experiências de formação vividas na universidade.
“LUTE COMO UMA PRINCESA”: PEDAGOGIAS FEMINISTAS NA EDUCAÇÃO DAS INFÂNCIAS
Authors: Cagnin Daiane Cecília , Spaziani Raquel Baptista
Published: February 2023

Desde a pequena infância, as meninas são apresentadas aos modos de agir, de se expressar e se comportar por meio de múltiplos artefatos culturais, que, voltados à infância, também são pedagogias de gênero. Este artigo tem como objetivo a análise de narrativas contra-hegemônicas que apresentam às crianças histórias e personagens que tensionam o lugar de submissão da feminilidade ideal. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter exploratório, do tipo documental, no qual analisamos quatro contos de fadas presentes no livro “Lute como uma princesa – contos de fadas para crianças feministas” (2019) e pudemos identificar potencialidades nessas novas versões e das pedagogias feministas para a educação das infâncias.
Sarcoidosis of the Bile Duct
Authors: Alsayid Muhammad , Taftaf Ahmad , Harmouch Khaled M. , Alabkaa Anas , Pappas Sam G. , Singh Ajaypal
Published: February 2023

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs. The lungs are the most commonly involved organs. Although a large proportion of patients with sarcoidosis have liver involvement, bile duct involvement is rare. Here, we present a case of a 56-year-old African American patient presented with painless jaundice because of extrahepatic bile duct sarcoidosis. Our diagnostic approach using endoscopic cholangioscopy with targeted biopsies confirmed the diagnosis. Multiple bile duct stent exchanges were performed to manage the bile duct stricture in addition to medical therapy.
Citizenship to (counter)terrorism: the need to de-securitise the Norwegian education system and create space for democratic resilience
Authors: Skotnes Christian E , Sjøen Martin M
Published: February 2023

Education for citizenship has been the subject of growing policy and research attention since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Yet, alongside conventional assumptions that school can help young learners develop socio-political attitudes that support democratic attitudes and behaviours, there are growing political expectations that educators will actively prevent terrorism. In Norway, these expectations have had implications for educational policy, as the objective of preventing terrorism was securitised into the curriculum in 2020. In this article, we scrutinise security governance in the Norwegian educational domain and examine how precautionary counterterrorism logic can cause harmful and exclusionary pedagogical practices. Through a detailed qualitative research, we demonstrate that pedagogical practices emphasising democratic resilience could be a promising approach to counter conflict, extremism and violence. Additionally, it is our contention that democratic resilience may also have a de-securitising effect by allowing for peacebuilding to be carried out within the normal rules and regulations of democratic education. In this regard, de-securitisation can allow for mobilising students for peaceful and democratic ends in and beyond education.
Free-radical oxidation as a pathogenetic factor of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Anikin D. A. , Solovyeva I. A. , Demko I. V. , Sobko E. A. , Kraposhina A. Yu. , Gordeeva N. V.
Published: February 2023

The medical and social significance of cardiovascular diseases remains high. One of the factors that determine cardiovascular risks is metabolic syndrome. As a result of excessive accumulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism products in metabolic syndrome, oxidative (oxidative) stress develops. The article considers both domestic and foreign scientific studies, which highlight various aspects of the influence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as other free radicals on the formation of oxidative stress in pathological conditions that are part of the metabolic syndrome complex. This describes the mechanisms of the formation of chronic inflammation through excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, activation of the transcription factor NF-kB, as well as damage to the antioxidant system in obesity. Separately, a number of mechanisms of the stimulating effect of adipokines: leptin, adiponectin, chimerine, omentin 1, resistin, on the formation of oxidative stress have been noted. The ways of activating the polyol pathway, as well as diacyl-glycerol — protein kinase C — the signaling pathway of oxidative stress, the formation of mitochondrial dysfunction is described. As a result of which there is an excessive production of free radicals in insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and macroand microvascular complications of diabetes. In addition, the influence of oxidative stress directly on the formation of cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic genesis, as well as arterial hypertension, has been shown.
Сardiorespiratory relationships in people of young age depending on the composite composition of the body
Authors: Gorban V. V. , Svistun O. V. , Gorban E. V.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: The decisive importance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in maintaining vegetative homeostasis requires the determination of sensitive non-invasive parameters of multidimensional outpatient monitoring of cardiorespiratory adaptation under various physiological and clinical conditions, taking into account the function of external respiration (FER), compound body composition and heart rate variability (HRV).

AIM: To identify concomitant changes in HRV, HR and compound body composition in young people as markers of cardiorespiratory adaptation and rehabilitation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: On the basis of the Kuban State Medical University, a single-centre, interventional, cross-sectional, single-sample, comparative, uncontrolled study of a general group of young people in which respiratory parameters and parameters of the compound body composition were determined. Some individuals in this group additionally underwent Holter monitoring of the electrocardiogram (ECG) at short intervals.

RESULTS: In young people, a change in the compound body composition with an increase in total fat mass, visceral and body fat is associated with a decrease in respiratory function (a decrease in the Tiffno index, a decrease in the maximum middle-expiratory flow — MMEF), manifested by a decrease in HRV (according to the TI indicator), the absence of an increase in the autonomic regulation circuit (according to SDNN indicator), a decrease in parasympathetic activity (in terms of rMSSD) and the absence of sympathetic activation (in terms of SDANN). Positive shifts in the form of an increase in trunk muscles, the total amount of water and a decrease in the total fat mass are accompanied by an increase in lung capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second and a change in HRV with sympathetic (in terms of LF / HF, SDANN) and parasympathetic activation (in terms of rMSSD), an increase in HRV (in terms of TI) and an increase in the autonomic regulation circuit of the vegetative nervous system (in terms of SDNN).

CONCLUSION: Accurate and rapid diagnostics of vegetative homeostasis requires a comprehensive correlative analysis of the parameters characterizing HRV in short recordings, the compound composition of the human body and respiratory function.
Hyperuricemia and gout: effects on bone and articular cartilage (literature review)
Authors: Cheremushkina E. V. , Eliseev M. S.
Published: February 2023

Gout is a disease characterized by deposition of sodium monourate crystals in tissues which is the reason of inflammation among persons with hyperuricemia (HU). The prevalence of HU, which can be considered the first stage of gout formation, varies in different countries. Despite this, only a small number of persons with HU have been shown to develop symptoms of gout. Recent data suggest that HU is an independent risk factor for cartilage and bone damage. UA, both in the form of crystals and in a dissolved form, activates damage and potentiates cell death by releasing reactive oxygen species, activating the necroptosis pathway, neutrophil traps, synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and other pathogenetic mechanisms that cause the negative effects of HU and gout on articular cartilage and subchondral bone. The association of HU and osteoarthritis (OA) is well known and based on the common pathogenesis, but the direction of this relationship is still a debatable issue. The accumulated data suggest the need for a deeper study of the relationship of gout and asymptomatic HU with pathological processes leading to the development and progression of OA and disorders of bone metabolism.
Metabolic properties of irisin in health and in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Radugin F. M. , Timkina N. V. , Karonova T. L.
Published: February 2023

Irisin is a polypeptide hormone of muscle tissue (myokine), the synthesis and secretion of which increase against the background of physical exertion, which plays a significant role in the metabolism of fat, muscle and bone tissues. It is known that irisin promotes the transformation of white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue. It has also been experimentally proven that the introduction of irisin contributed to an increase in bone mass and the prevention of osteoporosis and muscular atrophy. There are works indicating a positive effect of irisin in the functioning of bone, fat and muscle tissues in humans. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for osteoporotic fractures and the development of specific diabetic myopathy, at the cellular level similar to the aging of muscle tissue, and type 2 diabetes is also associated with the presence of obesity. Thus, it is of particular interest to study the effect of irisin on the state of bone, muscle and adipose tissues and glucose homeostasis in patients with diabetes. This literature review highlights the biological functions of irisin in healthy people and patients with DM.
Progress on the Development of Techniques to Remove Contaminants from Wastewater: A Review
Authors: Yadav Saurabh , Kamsonlian Suantak
Published: February 2023

The continuous depletion of fresh drinking water resources throughout the world has increased the necessity for the development of new techniques for wastewater treatment and recycling process. Domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes are major sources of aquatic contamination all over the world. Before discharging wastewater into natural water bodies, it must be treated. Apart from primary, secondary and tertiary treatment, membrane separation techniques and electrochemical membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment have all been studied in this review paper. The electrochemical membrane bioreactor (EMBR) system has a lot of potential for treatment of wastewater and energy recovery. These novel EMBR techniques give feasible solutions for renewable treatment of wastewater and resource resumption.
Modeling and digital twin
Authors: Lichtsinder Boris Ya. , Olberg Polina A.
Published: February 2023

This article considers various types of modeling and the concept of "digital double", as well as their examples of the concept of implementation. For example, computer simulations not only provide a prediction, but also identify which control effects on the system will lead to favorable developments between the link components of the model. In this case, digital simulation allows to optimize the service sequence of sensor elements SE with its time-bound, ensuring minimization of flight time and unconditional absence of complete battery discharge of any of the sensor elements. In this case, the model interacts with the network being modeled, constantly receiving from it up-to-date information about the state, which is characteristic of digital duplicates. Digital doubles can display not only the characteristics of individual devices, but also process characteristics. Modern production processes are very complex and distributed in space and time. Models of such processes should therefore consider the distributed nature of the modelling objects. The interaction of the digital model with the model object representing the production process is also analyzed. The interaction takes place through integration tools that link the model with the model object.
Raumordnerische Steuerungstypen der wohnbaulichen Siedlungsentwicklung in Deutschland. Eine bundesweite Analyse der eingesetzten Planungsinstrumente in allen deutschen Planungsregionen
Authors: Pehlke David
Published: February 2023

The steering of the residential development on the regional level is one of the major tasks of regional planning. Nevertheless, no nationwide information is yet available on the implementation of the planning instruments in regional plans. Moreover, for potential steering types, only one approach on the level of the German federal states exists. To reduce this information deficit, a plan content analysis is used to determine which positive planning instruments were implemented in the state development plans and regional plans valid in 2017. The data basis for negative planning instruments is the spatial development plan monitor of the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBSR). With these data, a non-linear principal component analysis and a cluster analysis is carried out to identify specific steering types. As a result, six regional planning steering types of pre-use planning, quantitative control, settlement axes, positive planning location control, intra-municipal framework with extensive mono-functional open space protection and extensive location control through multifunctional open space protection can be identified. The different steering types are often spatially clustered, so that a significant influence of state planning requirements can be assumed.
Petrography and mineralogy of the Oligocene flysch in Ionian Zone, Albania: Implications for the evolution of sediment provenance and paleoenvironment
Authors: Fociro Ana , Fociro Oltion , Prifti Irakli , Muçi Redi , Pekmezi Jeton
Published: February 2023

In this study, the reconstruction of the formation condition in the Oligocene flysch (Berati and Zhitomi section), in the Berati anticline structure, north-eastern part of the Ionian tectonic zone (Albania), is elucidated using petrographic–mineralogical characteristics and grain size analysis. Outcrops from the Berati and Zhitomi and the drilled wells were selected for sampling based on previous stratigraphic and paleontological studies. The mineralogical study of the flysch deposits made it possible to evidence for the first time three mineralogical zones: (a) quartz–garnet (b) serpentine, epidote with mica, and (c) feldspar zone, and three these petrographic zones: (a) quartz, (b) quartz–serpentine, and (c) quartz with mica and feldspars. The reconstruction of the depositional environment is based on the petrographic study of rock types, their textural characteristics, and grain size statistics. The granulometry coefficients like mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis are calculated arithmetically and the C/M diagram as well. Referring to the mineralogical composition of the sandstones and siltstones, the obtained data were used for the correlation of the sections and the delineation of the leaching area and the direction of the sediment movement. The mineralogic and petrographic characteristics show that during the Oligocene, the region has been under continuous paleogeographic change and under intensive orogenic activity, which has influenced the character of the mineralogical–petrographic composition of these deposits. Based on the pebbles petrography present in the slump horizons and on heavy mineral assemblages, it was evidenced that the eastern tectonic zones of Kruja, Krasta, and Mirdita (Albania) were the main suppliers of sedimentary material. The Passega C/M diagram suggests suspension and saltation as the main mode of sediment transport prior to deposition.
Die Digitalisierung der Pressedokumentation beim Deutschen Bundestag – Ein problemorientierter Rückblick (Teil 2)
Authors: Sator Klaus
Published: February 2023

In der Pressedokumentation beim Deutschen Bundestag wurde im Zusammenhang mit dem Umzug des deutschen Parlaments von Bonn nach Berlin im Jahr 1999 ein elektronisches Produktions-, Recherche- und Archivsystem eingeführt. In einem problemorientierten Rückblick werden die damit verbundenen Veränderungen in Beziehung gesetzt zu den an seine Einführung geknüpften Zielen und Erwartungen. In diesem zweiten Teil geht es um die Auswirkungen auf die Praxis der inhaltlichen Erschließung von Zeitungsartikeln und die damit verbundenen Recherchemöglichkeiten. Dabei werden Probleme bei der Verwendung des Pressethesaurus erörtert.
Circulating pyridoxal 5′-phosphate in serum and whole blood: implications for assessment of vitamin B6 status
Authors: Obeid Rima , Möller Christoph , Geisel Jürgen
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Concentrations of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) in serum and whole blood are routinely measured. The suitability of these markers in capturing vitamin B6 insufficiency is not well studied.

Methods

In 212 subjects, concentrations of PLP and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) were simultaneously measured in EDTA-whole blood using Chromsystems® (52052) method on HPLC devices. The whole blood PLP concentrations were compared to serum PLP concentrations measured using reagents from Immundiagnostik® (KC 2100). The whole blood TPP concentrations measured with the Chromsystems® (52052) were compared to those measured by the Chromsystems® (35000) method. Concentrations of homocysteine (tHcy) and cystathionine (Cys) were measured and used to judge the PLP methods.

Results

Serum PLP concentrations were on average 41% lower than whole blood PLP [mean (SD)=55.4 (83.0) vs. 131 (217) nmol/L]. Serum and whole blood PLP showed a strong correlation [Pearson correlation coefficient=0.724, p<0.001, n=204]. Eighty-five samples showed discrepant results for PLP status (serum PLP ≤30 nmol/L, but whole blood PLP >51 nmol/L) while 102 samples showed coherent results (reference group). The discrepancy group showed higher odds ratio for elevated tHcy >12.0 μmol/L compared to the reference group [OR (95% confidence intervals, CI)=2.1 (1.2–4.0)]. The OR (95% CI) of elevated Cys >300 nmol/L was 1.9 (1.0–3.5) in the discrepancy group compared to the reference group. TPP concentrations were 6% lower when using the Chromsystems®, 52052 compared to levels measured with Chromsystems®, 35000.

Conclusions

Serum and whole blood PLP concentrations disagree in a substantial number of samples. Serum PLP was better in reflecting elevated tHcy and Cys compared to whole blood PLP. Whole blood PLP underestimates the prevalence of vitamin B6 insufficiency. Methods of measuring TPP concentrations in whole blood were exchangeable.
Lablab purpureus: Analysis of landraces cultivation and distribution, farming systems, and some climatic trends in production areas in Tanzania
Authors: Missanga Julius S. , Venkataramana Pavithravani B. , Ndakidemi Patrick A.
Published: February 2023

Lablab is a multifunctional crop that is underutilized in Africa. This study was performed to assess Lablab landraces cultivation and distribution, farming systems, and some climatic trends in Lablab production areas in Tanzania. A socio-economic survey was engaged to locate the main production areas using Global Positioning System, while participatory research tools were used to assess farming systems, practices, and challenges perceived in Lablab production. Some weather data were collected to establish climatic trends in Lablab production areas. The study revealed a wide cultivation and distribution of Lablab landraces in five agro-ecological zones with some variations. These variations were influenced by market demand for Lablab in Kenya and its role in subsistence farming. Lablab was mainly produced for conservation agriculture and enhanced soil fertility (27.9%), marketing (22.1%), livestock feeding (21.5%), food during drought conditions (15.4%), traditional purposes (7.4%), regular consumption (3.8%), and other minor uses (1.8%) varied significantly across the zones (χ
2 = 37.639, p = 0.038). The farming systems included intercropping (59.0%), mono-cropping (31.0%), home based gardening (5.0%), crop rotation (3.0%), and relaying cropping (2.0%) with no significant difference across the zones (χ
2 = 15.049, p = 0.314). A wide range of farmers’ practices were noted in Lablab production zone-wise. Unavailability of improved varieties and poor market channels were the farmers’ key challenges in Lablab production. It was further noticed that Lablab was mainly produced in areas with dry conditions. Finally, it was suggested that effort should be enhanced to improve genetic resource conservation, value addition, and market channels to other countries while developing improved varieties in terms of high yielding and drought tolerance.
The pragmatics of ‘it is well’ in Nigerian English
Authors: Unuabonah Foluke Olayinka , Kupolati Oluwateniola Oluwabukola
Published: February 2023

This paper explores the pragmatics of the comment clause, it is well, with a view to examining its origin, frequency, structural features, and extended discourse-pragmatic functions in Nigerian English, from a grammatical-pragmatic approach. The data for the study are collected from the Global Web-based English corpus (Davies, Mark. 2013. Corpus of Global Web-Based English: 1.9 billion words from speakers in 20 countries (GloWbE). Available at: http://corpus.byu.edu/glowbe/) and questionnaires, and are analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that the origin of the clause in Nigerian English is the Bible. The clause occurs most frequently at utterance-final position, and collocates with other discourse-pragmatic features. The results also reveal that the clause performs both textual and interpersonal functions. Textually, it is used as a silence filler and to terminate discourse. Interpersonally, it is employed as a part of a prayer, to express hope, offer comfort, indicate resignation, show (reluctant) acceptance of other people’s actions, and to express sarcasm, amongst other functions. The study shows that the use of it is well is related to the cultural and religious beliefs of Nigerians as well as to the political and economic situation in Nigeria.
Die Auflösung des Vereins für Sozialpolitik
Authors: Janssen Hauke
Published: February 2023

Am 19. Dezember 1936, Hitler war bald vier Jahre an der Macht, fasste die Mitgliederversammlung des Vereins für Sozialpolitik (damals mit „z“) den endgültigen Beschluss, den Verein aufzulösen. Die überlieferte Erzählung von der Selbstauflösung als einem Akt, der Gleichschaltung zuvorzukommen, stützt sich wesentlich auf Franz Boeses „Geschichte des Vereins für Sozialpolitik“ (1939) und die ihr angehängten Protokolle aus den letzten Vereinsjahren. Doch weder der Schriftführer Boese noch Constantin von Dietze, der als Vorsitzender den Band auf den Weg brachte, können als unparteiisch gelten; sie haben die Sache schließlich betrieben. Zum 150. Geburtstag des Vereins hat Hauke Janssen es nun unternommen, in das Archiv hinabzusteigen und das Vereinsgeschehen der Jahre 1933 bis 1936 anhand von Originalquellen neu zu erzählen. Es ist eine Geschichte zwischen Anpassung und Widerstand. Sie bringt manches ans Licht, was 1939 – aus Gründen der Diskretion und des Selbstschutzes – der Zensurschere Boeses zum Opfer fiel.
Influence of Recovery Mode on the Maximum Number of Intervals Until Exhaustion During an Aerobic Interval Training Session
Authors: Varela-Sanz Adrián , Sánchez-Otero Tania , Tuimil José Luis , Boullosa Daniel , Iglesias-Soler Eliseo
Published: February 2023

Varela-Sanz, A, Sánchez-Otero, T, Tuimil, JL, Boullosa, D, and Iglesias-Soler, E. Influence of recovery mode on the maximum number of intervals until exhaustion during an aerobic interval training session. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): e510–e520, 2023—We analyzed work capacity, cardiometabolic, perceptual, and neuromuscular responses to an aerobic interval training (AIT) running session until exhaustion, with active (AR) vs. passive recovery (PR). Eight well-trained male endurance runners (36.88 ± 7.14 years, 58.22 ± 3.39 ml·kg−1·minute−1) randomly completed, after familiarizations and the University of Montreal Track Test (UMTT), 2 AIT track running sessions until exhaustion consisting in 2-minute bouts at 100% of maximum aerobic speed (MAS), with 2 minutes of recovery at 80% of the velocity associated to the second ventilatory threshold (vVT2) (i.e., AR), or no exercise (i.e., PR). Oxygen consumption (V̇O2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate [La], rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and countermovement jump (CMJ) were continuously monitored during sessions. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. PR resulted in longer time to exhaustion during sessions (13.9 vs. 11.6 bouts, p = 0.045), but lower HR (p < 0.01) when compared with AR. Time spent over 90% of maximum oxygen consumption (V̇O2max), blood lactate concentrations, neuromuscular performance, and RPE did not differ between AR and PR (p > 0.05). Thus, PR allowed runners to perform more work intervals and, therefore, to accumulate a greater volume. On the other hand, when training goals are focused on reaching a higher chronotropic stress (i.e., higher HR) during the training session, athletes would obtain more benefits from AR. This study also demonstrates that the current volume recommendations for AIT are far below (54–64.5%) the maximum training capacity of well-trained runners.
Sprint and Jump Training on Sand vs. Grass Surfaces: Effects on the Physical Performance of Young Soccer Players
Authors: Pereira Lucas A. , Freitas Tomás T. , Zabaloy Santiago , Ferreira Ricardo C.A. , Silva Matheus L. , Azevedo Paulo H.S.M. , Loturco Irineu
Published: February 2023

Pereira, LA, Freitas, TT, Zabaloy, S, Ferreira, RCA, Silva, ML, Azevedo, PHSM, and Loturco, I. Sprint and jump training on sand versus grass surfaces: effects on the physical performance of young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—The aims of this study were to (a) examine the effects of a 6-week sand training program including both sprint and jump exercises on the speed-related and vertical jump performance of elite young soccer players and (b) compare the changes induced by a sand training scheme with those induced by a similar training program (in volume, intensity, and exercise types) performed on grass. Twenty-four under-20 soccer players were randomly allocated to 2 training groups, as follows: “sand” (n = 12) or “grass” (n = 12) groups. Athletes performed squat and countermovement jumps, linear sprints, and Zigzag change-of-direction speed tests at pre-, mid- (after 6 training sessions), and postintervention (after 12 training sessions). Both groups exhibited similar increases in the vertical jump and Zigzag performance after the 6-week training period (p values ranging from 0.0001 to 0.025; effect size ranging from 1.05 to 3.78, for main effect of time). No significant changes were detected for the linear sprint velocity for both the groups (p values ranging from 0.079 to 1.00; effect size ranging from 0.07 to 0.65, for main effect of time). In summary, training on sand or grass surfaces resulted in similar improvements in the physical performance of elite young soccer players. This study confirms the current evidence on the effectiveness of both soft and harder training surfaces in improving the sprint and jump performance of team-sport athletes.
Long-Term Behavior of Nanoclay/TiO2 Nanoparticles Modified Carbon/Glass Fiber–Reinforced Hybrid Composites
Authors: Elamvazhudi B. , Gopalakannan S.
Published: February 2023

Polymer composites are widely used as a primary structural material in lightweight construction industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and low cost. However, the mechanical properties get degraded when exposed to adverse environmental conditions. Hybridization of nanofillers and fibers can improve the hygroscopic behavior of polymer composites. In this work, the long-term performance of nanoclay/titanium dioxide–modified carbon/glass-reinforced hybrid composites under a seawater environment was investigated. The specimens were immersed in seawater (100 % relative humidity, 32°C) for 90 days. The effect of moisture absorption on the specimens was evaluated using water absorption, tensile, and flexural tests. Experimental results showed that the addition of nanofillers and carbon/glass hybridization had a significant impact on the water barrier properties and decay in mechanical properties. The residual life of the laminates under humid environmental conditions was predicted using an exponential function. Constituent materials and duration of exposure had a significant impact on the property’s degradation. The test findings showed that the (90°G/0°G/90°C)S sequenced laminate at 2 wt. % of nanofillers had a maximum residual life of 1,619 days under tensile loading and 3,051 days under flexural loading after 90 days of aging.
Construct Validity of Triarchic Model Traits in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study Using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire
Authors: Veltman Emma , Poulton Richie , Patrick Christopher J. , Sellbom Martin
Published: February 2023

The triarchic model of psychopathy emphasizes the role of three phenotypic personality domains (boldness, meanness, and disinhibition) that have been operationalized using the well-established Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. The present study sought to further validate the MPQ-Tri scales and examine their temporal stability and predictive validity across two time points (ages 18 and 26) from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a population-representative and longitudinal sample (N = 1,037). This investigation necessitated modification of the MPQ-Tri scales to enable their use in a broader range of samples, including the Dunedin Study. The revised MPQ-Tri scales demonstrated good temporal stability, and correlation and multiple linear regression analyses predominantly revealed associations consistent with theoretical expectations. Overall, the findings provide support for the MPQ-Tri scales as reliable, stable, and valid measures of the triarchic constructs, which provide a unique opportunity to examine highly novel research questions concerning psychopathy in a wide variety of samples.
LINCs Are Vulnerable to Epileptic Insult and Fail to Provide Seizure Control via On-Demand Activation
Authors: Stieve Bethany J. , Smith Madison M. , Krook-Magnuson Esther
Published: February 2023

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is notoriously pharmacoresistant, and identifying novel therapeutic targets for controlling seizures is crucial. Long-range inhibitory neuronal nitric oxide synthase-expressing cells (LINCs), a population of hippocampal neurons, were recently identified as a unique source of widespread inhibition in CA1, able to elicit both GABAA-mediated and GABAB-mediated postsynaptic inhibition. We therefore hypothesized that LINCs could be an effective target for seizure control. LINCs were optogenetically activated for on-demand seizure intervention in the intrahippocampal kainate (KA) mouse model of chronic TLE. Unexpectedly, LINC activation at 1 month post-KA did not substantially reduce seizure duration in either male or female mice. We tested two different sets of stimulation parameters, both previously found to be effective with on-demand optogenetic approaches, but neither was successful. Quantification of LINCs following intervention revealed a substantial reduction of LINC numbers compared with saline-injected controls. We also observed a decreased number of LINCs when the site of initial insult (i.e., KA injection) was moved to the amygdala [basolateral amygdala (BLA)-KA], and correspondingly, no effect of light delivery on BLA-KA seizures. This indicates that LINCs may be a vulnerable population in TLE, regardless of the site of initial insult. To determine whether long-term circuitry changes could influence outcomes, we continued testing once a month for up to 6 months post-KA. However, at no time point did LINC activation provide meaningful seizure suppression. Altogether, our results suggest that LINCs are not a promising target for seizure inhibition in TLE.
Corporate Disobedience
Authors: Grinnell Dustin
Published: February 2023

This personal narrative explores organizational disobedience as implemented by a former employee of the marketing department of a major hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. The essay captures authoritarianism and illiberalism that the author witnessed within management, as well as the tension and erosion of the self that accompanies working for a corporation that values obedience above all else. To protect identities, pseudonyms are used in place of real names, and identifying details are avoided.
You’ve Been Promoted to “Trailing Spouse”
Authors: Hunter Keeley M. Buehler
Published: February 2023

This autoethnography explores one woman’s international move from Colorado to Switzerland in the role of trailing spouse. Trailing spouse describes a person who moves abroad to support his or her spouse’s career. This term conjures an experience defined by a lack of agency and often intense identity struggle and can foreshadow some of the challenges trailing spouses face upon arrival in their new country. The author critically calls her identity, privilege, and gender roles into question as she navigates what it means to be a new mother, wife, academic, and expat in the role of trailing spouse. She exposes the invisible work of reorienting her identity to the new culture and roles, something she was too overwhelmed to do while living abroad. By examining how the role of trailing spouse is conceptualized and lived, it becomes clear that supporting spouses in an international move must make space for identity struggle instead of consistency or coherence. This piece argues that trailing spouses need to find space to embrace the identity struggle, in a world that values identity coherence.