bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Self-Healing Calcium Nitrate Microcapsules on Concrete Properties
Authors: Milla Jose , Hassan Marwa M. , Rupnow Tyson , Al-Ansari Mohamed , Arce Gabriel
Published: September 2016

Self-healing concrete with microencapsulated calcium nitrate was investigated. The compressive strength of concrete admixed with microcapsules (as a percentage of the weight of the cement) was tested and compared with that of control specimens of the same mix design without microcapsules. Surface resistivity tests were conducted to quantify the surface permeability of the concrete specimens with and without microcapsules. The self-healing potential was measured by the modulus of elasticity test (ASTM C469), with measurements being taken before and after damage after 14 days. After the concrete was damaged by application of 80% of its ultimate load, all specimens were incubated by immersion in water. The results showed that the concentration of microcapsules added and the size of the microcapsules had a direct impact on the compressive strength of the concrete. Furthermore, the concrete specimens into which microcapsules were incorporated had greater surface resistivity than the control specimens. The recovery of the modulus of elasticity was analyzed according to the increase from the modulus of elasticity recorded after application of 80% of the sample’s ultimate load and the increase relative to the initial modulus of elasticity of the concrete in the virgin state. Overall, the results of this study indicated that although microcapsules caused a decrease in the compressive strength of the concrete, they enhanced the self-healing capability of the concrete that was produced. To take advantage of the benefits of microcapsules, the authors recommend that future work evaluate the use of a dispersing agent to reduce the amount of microcapsules needed in the mix.
Adjuvant radiotherapy for atypical meningiomas
Authors: Bagshaw Hilary P. , Burt Lindsay M. , Jensen Randy L. , Suneja Gita , Palmer Cheryl A. , Couldwell William T. , Shrieve Dennis C.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper was to evaluate outcomes in patients with atypical meningiomas (AMs) treated with surgery alone compared with surgery and radiotherapy at initial diagnosis, or at the time of first recurrence.

METHODS

Patients with pathologically confirmed AMs treated at the University of Utah from 1991 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Local control (LC), overall survival (OS), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and toxicity were assessed. Outcomes for patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy were compared with those for patients treated with surgery alone. Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank test for significance were used for LC and OS analyses.

RESULTS

Fifty-nine patients with 63 tumors were reviewed. Fifty-two patients were alive at the time of analysis with a median follow-up of 42 months. LC for all tumors was 57% with a median time to local failure (TTLF) of 48 months. The median TTLF following surgery and radiotherapy was 180 months, compared with 46 months following surgery alone (p = 0.02). Excluding Simpson Grade IV (subtotal) resections, there remained an LC benefit with the addition of radiotherapy for Simpson Grade I, II, and III resected tumors (median TTLF 180 months after surgery and radiotherapy compared with 46 months with surgery alone [p = 0.002]). Patients treated at first recurrence following any initial therapy (either surgery alone or surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy) had a median TTLF of 26 months compared with 48 months for tumors treated at first diagnosis (p = 0.007). There were 2 Grade 3 toxicities and 1 Grade 4 toxicity associated with radiotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS

Adjuvant radiotherapy improves LC for AMs. The addition of adjuvant radiotherapy following even a Simpson Grade I, II, or III resection was found to confer an LC benefit. Recurrent disease is difficult to control, underscoring the importance of aggressive initial treatment.
Speech changes induced by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson disease: involvement of the dentatorubrothalamic tract
Authors: Fenoy Albert J. , McHenry Monica A. , Schiess Mya C.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) who undergo subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) often develop a deterioration in speech performance, but there is no clear consensus on the specific effects seen or the mechanism involved and little description of the impact of DBS on conversational speech. Furthermore, there has been no fiber tract connectivity analysis to identify the structures potentially modulated by DBS to cause such deficits. The main objective of this study was to quantify spontaneous speech performance and identify potential involvement of the dentatorubrothalamic tract (DRTt) in patients who underwent STN DBS, because this tract has been implicated in speech deterioration.

METHODS

Spontaneous speech samples were obtained with STN DBS in both on and off modes in 35 patients with PD and assessed across multiple domains. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography seeded from the therapeutic DBS contacts was performed to identify the fiber tracts involved and, specifically, the DRTt. The position of active electrode contacts was assessed relative to that of the STN.

RESULTS

Fifteen patients with akinetic-rigid (AR) PD and 20 with tremor-dominant (TD) PD subtypes were identified. In the AR-PD subgroup of patients, in whom there was DRTt involvement, 71% demonstrated much better overall speech and largely improved or unchanged fluency in the DBS-off condition. In patients with TD PD with DRTt involvement, 50% demonstrated better overall speech in the off condition, and equivocal results regarding improved or worsened fluency were found. When there was minimal DRTt involvement, 75% of patients with AR PD had better overall speech in the DBS-on condition and better or minimal fluency changes. Similarly, 83% of patients with TD PD with minimal DRTt involvement had better or minimal overall speech and fluency changes in the on condition. More medially placed left electrode contacts were associated with more DRTt involvement in 77% of patients (10 of 13).

CONCLUSIONS

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to have investigated a specific fiber tract involved in STN DBS in different subtypes of PD relative to its impact on spontaneous speech. At optimal therapeutic programming of STN DBS, overall spontaneous speech and fluency were affected more negatively in patients with AR PD than in those with TD PD when there was DRTt involvement. After fiber tract analysis and modeling, it was found that medially positioned left electrode contacts more often involved fibers of the DRTt. If possible, avoidance of the DRTt by using active electrode contacts that are positioned less medially, specifically in patients with AR PD, might result in less speech deterioration.
Yrkesutbildning eller yrkesbildning: vad lär vi oss egentligen? En introduktion till empirisk yrkesbildningsdidaktik
Authors: Tyson Ruhi
Published: September 2016

The Bildung contents and processes of vocational education and training is the focus of this article. This is something that has, for the most part, been treated on a philosophical level previously and where the intent here is to discuss how empirical research into vocational Bildung didactics can be conducted and what kinds of knowledge it can contribute. In the Bildung-philosophical discussion vocational education has historically often been contrasted with general Bildung and part of an empirical inquiry into vocational Bildung didactics is to surface the actual experiences of Bildung that vocational education and training can afford. The inquiry is based on an extensive explorative study of craft master Wolfgang B. and his vocational education biography. A part of this biographical study is presented in the article where the conversation centres on a vocational task he remembers and the various vocational Bildung affordances that can be found in his account. This leads to a more nuanced understanding of the concept of vocational Bildung and to a concluding discussion of the various ways in which this kind of empirical studies in vocational Bildung didactics can contribute to both research and practice.
Monty Roberts’ Public Demonstrations: Preliminary Report on the Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability of Horses Undergoing Training during Live Audience Events
Authors: Loftus Loni , Marks Kelly , Jones-McVey Rosie , Gonzales Jose , Fowler Veronica
Published: September 2016

Effective training of horses relies on the trainer’s awareness of learning theory and equine ethology, and should be undertaken with skill and time. Some trainers, such as Monty Roberts, share their methods through the medium of public demonstrations. This paper describes the opportunistic analysis of beat-to-beat (RR) intervals and heart rate variability (HRV) of ten horses being used in Monty Roberts’ public demonstrations within the United Kingdom. RR and HRV was measured in the stable before training and during training. The HRV variables standard deviation of the RR interval (SDRR), root mean square of successive RR differences (RMSSD), geometric means standard deviation 1 (SD1) and 2 (SD2), along with the low and high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) were calculated. The minimum, average and maximum RR intervals were significantly lower in training (indicative of an increase in heart rate as measured in beats-per-minute) than in the stable ( p = 0.0006; p = 0.01; p = 0.03). SDRR, RMSSD, SD1, SD2 and the LF/HF ratio were all significantly lower in training than in the stable ( p = 0.001; p = 0.049; p = 0.049; p = 0.001; p = 0.01). When comparing the HR and HRV of horses during Join-up ® to overall training, there were no significant differences in any variable with the exception of maximum RR which was significantly lower ( p = 0.007) during Join-up ® , indicative of short increases in physical exertion (canter) associated with this training exercise. In conclusion, training of horses during public demonstrations is a low-moderate physiological, rather than psychological stressor for horses. The physiological stress responses observed within this study were comparable or less to those previously reported in the literature for horses being trained outside of public audience events. Furthermore, there is no evidence that the use of Join-up ® alters HR and HRV in a way to suggest that this training method negatively affects the psychological welfare of horses.
Current Technologies and Recent Developments for Screening of HPV-Associated Cervical and Oropharyngeal Cancers
Authors: Shah Sunny , Senapati Satyajyoti , Klacsmann Flora , Miller Daniel , Johnson Jeff , Chang Hsueh-Chia , Stack M.
Published: September 2016

Mucosal infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for a growing number of malignancies, predominantly represented by cervical cancer and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Because of the prevalence of the virus, persistence of infection, and long latency period, novel and low-cost methods are needed for effective population level screening and monitoring. We review established methods for screening of cervical and oral cancer as well as commercially-available techniques for detection of HPV DNA. We then describe the ongoing development of microfluidic nucleic acid-based biosensors to evaluate circulating host microRNAs that are produced in response to an oncogenic HPV infection. The goal is to develop an ideal screening platform that is low-cost, portable, and easy to use, with appropriate signal stability, sensitivity and specificity. Advances in technologies for sample lysis, pre-treatment and concentration, and multiplexed nucleic acid detection are provided. Continued development of these devices provides opportunities for cancer screening in low resource settings, for point-of-care diagnostics and self-screening, and for monitoring response to vaccination or surgical treatment.
Does Your Domestic Photovoltaic Energy System Survive Grid Outages?
Authors: Jongerden Marijn , Hüls Jannik , Remke Anne , Haverkort Boudewijn
Published: September 2016

Domestic renewable energy systems, including photovoltaic energy generation, as well as local storage, are becoming increasingly popular and economically feasible, but do come with a wide range of options. Hence, it can be difficult to match their specification to specific customer’s needs. Next to the usage-specific demand profiles and location-specific production profiles, local energy storage through the use of batteries is becoming increasingly important, since it allows one to balance variations in production and demand, either locally or via the grid. Moreover, local storage can also help to ensure a continuous energy supply in the presence of grid outages, at least for a while. Hybrid Petri net (HPN) models allow one to analyze the effect of different battery management strategies on the continuity of such energy systems in the case of grid outages. The current paper focuses on one of these strategies, the so-called smart strategy, that reserves a certain percentage of the battery capacity to be only used in case of grid outages. Additionally, we introduce a new strategy that makes better use of the reserved backup capacity, by reducing the demand in the presence of a grid outage through a prioritization mechanism. This new strategy, called power-save, only allows the essential (high-priority) demand to draw from the battery during power outages. We show that this new strategy outperforms previously-proposed strategies through a careful analysis of a number of scenarios and for a selection of survivability measures, such as minimum survivability per day, number of survivable hours per day, minimum survivability per year and various survivability quantiles.
Investigation of the Band Structure of Graphene-Based Plasmonic Photonic Crystals
Authors: Qiu Pingping , Qiu Weibin , Lin Zhili , Chen Houbo , Tang Yixin , Wang Jia-Xian , Kan Qiang , Pan Jiao-Qing
Published: September 2016

In this paper, one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) graphene-based plasmonic photonic crystals (PhCs) are proposed. The band structures and density of states (DOS) have been numerically investigated. Photonic band gaps (PBGs) are found in both 1D and 2D PhCs. Meanwhile, graphene-based plasmonic PhC nanocavity with resonant frequency around 175 THz, is realized by introducing point defect, where the chemical potential is from 0.085 to 0.25 eV, in a 2D PhC. Also, the bending wvaguide and the beam splitter are realized by introducing the line defect into the 2D PhC.
Controlled Mechanical Cracking of Metal Films Deposited on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
Authors: Polywka Andreas , Stegers Luca , Krauledat Oliver , Riedl Thomas , Jakob Timo , Görrn Patrick
Published: September 2016

Stretchable large area electronics conform to arbitrarily-shaped 3D surfaces and enables comfortable contact to the human skin and other biological tissue. There are approaches allowing for large area thin films to be stretched by tens of percent without cracking. The approach presented here does not prevent cracking, rather it aims to precisely control the crack positions and their orientation. For this purpose, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is hardened by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (172 nm) through an exposure mask. Only well-defined patterns are kept untreated. With these soft islands cracks at the hardened surface can be controlled in terms of starting position, direction and end position. This approach is first investigated at the hardened PDMS surface itself. It is then applied to conductive silver films deposited from the liquid phase. It is found that statistical (uncontrolled) cracking of the silver films can be avoided at strain below 35%. This enables metal interconnects to be integrated into stretchable networks. The combination of controlled cracks with wrinkling enables interconnects that are stretchable in arbitrary and changing directions. The deposition and patterning does not involve vacuum processing, photolithography, or solvents.
FS-OpenSecurity: A Taxonomic Modeling of Security Threats in SDN for Future Sustainable Computing
Authors: Sung Yunsick , Sharma Pradip , Lopez Erik , Park Jong
Published: September 2016

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has brought many changes in terms of the interaction processes between systems and humans. It has become the key enabler of software defined architecture, which allows enterprises to build a highly agile Information Technology (IT) infrastructure. For Future Sustainability Computing (FSC), SDN needs to deliver on many information technology commitments—more automation, simplified design, increased agility, policy-based management, and network management bond to more liberal IT workflow systems. To address the sustainability problems, SDN needs to provide greater collaboration and tighter integration with networks, servers, and security teams that will have an impact on how enterprises design, plan, deploy and manage networks. In this paper, we propose FS-OpenSecurity, which is a new and pragmatic security architecture model. It consists of two novel methodologies, Software Defined Orchestrator (SDO) and SQUEAK, which offer a robust and secure architecture. The secure architecture is required for protection from diverse threats. Usually, security administrators need to handle each threat individually. However, handling threats automatically by adapting to the threat landscape is a critical demand. Therefore, the architecture must handle defensive processes automatically that are collaboratively based on intelligent external and internal information.
Predicting the Evolution of CO2 Emissions in Bahrain with Automated Forecasting Methods
Authors: Tudor Cristiana
Published: September 2016

The 2012 Doha meeting established the continuation of the Kyoto protocol, the legally-binding global agreement under which signatory countries had agreed to reduce their carbon emissions. Contrary to this assumed obligation, all G20 countries with the exception of France and the UK saw significant increases in their CO2 emissions over the last 25 years, surpassing 300% in the case of China. This paper attempts to forecast the evolution of carbon dioxide emissions in Bahrain over the 2012–2021 decade by employing seven Automated Forecasting Methods, including the exponential smoothing state space model (ETS), the Holt–Winters Model, the BATS/TBATS model, ARIMA, the structural time series model (STS), the naive model, and the neural network time series forecasting method (NNAR). Results indicate a reversal of the current decreasing trend of pollution in the country, with a point estimate of 2309 metric tons per capita at the end of 2020 and 2317 at the end of 2021, as compared to the 1934 level achieved in 2010. The country’s baseline level corresponding to year 1990 (as specified by the Doha amendment of the Kyoto protocol) is approximately 25.54 metric tons per capita, which implies a maximum level of 20.96 metric tons per capita for the year 2020 (corresponding to a decrease of 18% relative to the baseline level) in order for Bahrain to comply with the protocol. Our results therefore suggest that Bahrain cannot meet its assumed target.
Approach to Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making Problems Based on the Best-Worst-Method and ELECTRE Method
Authors: You Xinshang , Chen Tong , Yang Qing
Published: September 2016

This paper proposes a novel approach to cope with the multi-criteria group decision-making problems. We give the pairwise comparisons based on the best-worst-method (BWM), which can decrease comparison times. Additionally, our comparison results are determined with the positive and negative aspects. In order to deal with the decision matrices effectively, we consider the elimination and choice translation reality (ELECTRE III) method under the intuitionistic multiplicative preference relations environment. The ELECTRE III method is designed for a double-automatic system. Under a certain limitation, without bothering the decision-makers to reevaluate the alternatives, this system can adjust some special elements that have the most influence on the group’s satisfaction degree. Moreover, the proposed method is suitable for both the intuitionistic multiplicative preference relation and the interval valued fuzzy preference relations through the transformation formula. An illustrative example is followed to demonstrate the rationality and availability of the novel method.
Worldwide spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB)
Authors: Woldeyohannes Solomon Meseret , Moges Haimanot Gebrehiwot
Published: September 2016

Background: A detailed analysis of the spatio-temporal correlation of the yearly geo-referenced data, using different characteristic times of the disease evolution, which allowed to trace the temporal path of the etiological agent, to locate the sources of infection, and to characterize the dynamics of disease spreading indicated that the information obtained through such analysis can contribute to more effective budget allocation, drug distribution and recruitment of human skilled resources, as well as guiding the design of vaccination programs. Hence, the current literature review was conducted to show the importance of research regarding the spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Objective: The purpose of the literature review was to assess the worldwide spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis. Methods: The literature review was done through identification and evaluation of a range of different types of sources including academic and professional journal articles, books, and web-based resources. Search engines were used to search web resources and bibliographic databases following aspects of the process associated with the production of a literature review such as evaluating information sources, searching and locating information resources, developing conceptual framework and mind mapping, and writing the literature review. In addition, references which had themes in common were grouped together. Finally, reflections on the findings of the literature review were made. Results and conclusions: There is sufficient evidence about the existence of significant high-rate space and time TB clustering and spatial variability across study regions. Significant clustering of TB was seen in “TB Epidemic” and hyperendemic “hotspots” often characterized by crowding, HIV infection, unemployment, and other social determinants. General development measures which were correlated with TB incidence trends varied geographically. People movement also found to be another risk factor indicating difference in TB occurrence among countries. The information obtained could contribute to more effective budget allocation, drug distribution and recruitment of human skilled resources, as well as guiding the design of vaccination programs.
Comparison of two air sampling methods to monitor operating room air quality and assessment of air quality in two operating rooms with different ventilation systems in the national hospital of Sri Lanka
Authors: Tshokey Tshokey , Somaratne Pranitha , Agampodi Suneth
Published: September 2016

Air contamination in the operating room (OR) is an important contributor for surgical site infections. Air quality should be assessed during microbiological commissioning of new ORs and as required thereafter. Despite many modern methods of sampling air, developing countries mostly depended on conventional methods. This was studied in two ORs of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL) with different ventilation system; a conventional ventilation (CV) and a laminar air flow (LAF). Both ORs were sampled simultaneously by two different methods, the settle plate and sampler when empty and during use for a defined time period. Laboratory work was done in the Medical Research Institute. The two methods of sampling showed moderate but highly significant correlation. The OR with CV was significantly more contaminated than LAF when empty as well as during use by both methods. Overall, the difference in contamination was more significant when sampled by the sampler. Differences in contamination in empty and in-use ORs were significant in both ORs, but significance is less in LAF rooms. The consistent and significant correlation between settle plate and sampler showed that the settle plate is an acceptable method. The LAF theatre showed less contamination while empty and during use as expected. Air contamination differences were more significant when sampled with sampler indicating that it is a more sensitive method. Both CV and LAF ORs of the NHSL did not meet the contamination standards for empty theatres but met the standards for in-use indicating that the theatre etiquette was acceptable.
OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON PLANET NINE: ASTROMETRY OF PLUTO AND OTHER TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS
Authors: Holman Matthew J. , Payne Matthew J.
Published: September 2016

We use astrometry of Pluto and other trans-neptunian objects to constrain the sky location, distance, and mass of the possible additional planet (Planet Nine) hypothesized by Batygin & Brown. We find that over broad regions of the sky, the inclusion of a massive, distant planet degrades the fits to the observations. However, in other regions, the fits are significantly improved by the addition of such a planet. Our best fits suggest a planet that is either more massive or closer than argued for by Batygin & Brown based on the orbital distribution of distant trans-neptunian objects (or by Fienga et al. based on range measured to the Cassini spacecraft). The trend to favor larger and closer perturbing planets is driven by the residuals to the astrometry of Pluto, remeasured from photographic plates using modern stellar catalogs, which show a clear trend in decl. over the course of two decades, that drive a preference for large perturbations. Although this trend may be the result of systematic errors of unknown origin in the observations, a possible resolution is that the decl. trend may be due to perturbations from a body, in addition to Planet Nine, that is closer to Pluto but less massive than Planet Nine.
OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE OF PARTICLE ACCELERATION ASSOCIATED WITH PLASMOID MOTIONS
Authors: Takasao Shinsuke , Asai Ayumi , Isobe Hiroaki , Shibata Kazunari
Published: September 2016

We report a strong association between the particle acceleration and plasma motions found in the 2010 August 18 solar flare. The plasma motions are tracked in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Extreme UltraViolet Imager (EUVI) on the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft Ahead, and the signature of particle acceleration was investigated by using Nobeyama Radioheliograph data. In our previous paper, we reported that in EUV images many plasma blobs appeared in the current sheet above the flare arcade. They were ejected bidirectionally along the current sheet, and the blobs that were ejected sunward collided with the flare arcade. Some of them collided or merged with each other before they were ejected from the current sheet. We discovered impulsive radio bursts associated with such plasma motions (ejection, coalescence, and collision with the post flare loops). The radio bursts are considered to be the gyrosynchrotron radiation by nonthermal high energy electrons. In addition, the stereoscopic observation by AIA and EUVI suggests that plasma blobs had a three-dimensionally elongated structure. We consider that the plasma blobs were three-dimensional plasmoids (i.e., flux ropes) moving in a current sheet. We believe that our observation provides clear evidence of particle acceleration associated with the plasmoid motions. We discuss possible acceleration mechanisms on the basis of our results.
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD BARRIER AND SOLAR WIND SPEED IN ICME-ASSOCIATED FORBUSH DECREASES
Authors: Bhaskar Ankush , Subramanian Prasad , Vichare Geeta
Published: September 2016

We study 50 cosmic-ray Forbush decreases (FDs) from the Oulu neutron monitor data during 1997–2005 that were associated with Earth-directed interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Such events are generally thought to arise due to the shielding of cosmic rays by a propagating diffusive barrier. The main processes at work are the diffusion of cosmic rays across the large-scale magnetic fields carried by the ICME and their advection by the solar wind. In an attempt to better understand the relative importance of these effects, we analyze the relationship between the FD profiles and those of the interplanetary magnetic field (B) and the solar wind speed (V
sw). Over the entire duration of a given FD, we find that the FD profile is generally  (anti)correlated with the B and V
sw profiles. This trend holds separately for the FD main and recovery phases too. For the recovery phases, however, the FD profile is highly anti-correlated with the V
sw profile, but not with the B profile. While the total duration of the FD profile is similar to that of the V
sw profile, it is significantly longer than that of the B profile. Using the convection–diffusion model, a significant contribution of advection by solar wind is found during the recovery phases of the FD.
Santé publique, participation communautaire et mobilisation politique en Éthiopie : la Women’s Development Army
Authors: Villanucci Alessia , Fantini Emanuele , Périer Miriam
Published: September 2016

L’étude des stratégies de soins de santé ruraux permet d’appréhender le projet biopolitique du gouvernement éthiopien, qui mêle mobilisation politique et offre de services, mode de gouvernement hiérarchique et participation populaire. Cet article s’intéresse aux processus de subjectivation des « femmes soldats du développement » qui agissent à l’interface du gouvernement local et de la société, en examinant comment l’État développementaliste se déploie au quotidien en étant dilué, au double sens d’incarnation et d’adaptation suivant une pluralité de logiques et de dynamiques (sociales, politiques, religieuses).
Le fédéralisme ethnique au prisme de la formalisation des droits fonciers : le cas de la zone Majang (Gambella)
Authors: Labzaé Mehdi
Published: September 2016

Construit sur la base d’une ethnographie de l’administration locale, cet article revient sur le conflit qui a frappé la zone Majang en 2014-2015 et éclaire certains modes d’ethnicisation du politique dans l’Éthiopie contemporaine. Irréductibles au seul système institutionnel ethno-fédéral, les tensions s’ancrent dans des rapports à la terre divergents entre groupes sociaux, résultats de pratiques agricoles différentes, des politiques foncières asymétriques de l’État et de la pluralité des systèmes de droits fonciers. Les dissensions sont réactivées par les politiques agricoles actuelles du Front démocratique révolutionnaire des peuples éthiopiens ( Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front , EPRDF), et notamment par la formalisation de ces droits fonciers.
« Même si tu as tes papiers, ils t’embarquent » : gestion policière de l’immigration africaine ou institutionnalisation de la xénophobie dans l’Afrique du Sud post-apartheid
Authors: Demeestère Rodolphe
Published: September 2016

Les abus de pouvoir des policiers sud-africains à l’encontre des immigrés du continent ont rarement été resitués dans le cadre du partenariat institutionnel développé entre les forces de l’ordre et le ministère de l’Intérieur. L’article analyse la coproduction d’une politique migratoire ultra-répressive basée sur les rafles armées, les reconduites à la frontière et les mesures d’exception. S’il est montré que cette politique a une influence forte sur les pratiques policières au quotidien, les abus policiers sont également questionnés dans un contexte de xénophobie latent et de guerre ouverte déclarée à une criminalité à laquelle les immigrés africains sont, à tort, largement assimilés.
Qui gouverne (réellement) l’Algérie ?
Authors: Hachemaoui Mohammed
Published: September 2016

La détérioration manifeste de l’état de santé d’Abdelaziz Bouteflika depuis 2013 et la vacance de la présidence de la République qui s’est ensuivie depuis ramènent à la surface la question déterminante de savoir qui gouverne (réellement) l’Algérie. Un récit hégémonique prétend que l’avènement de Bouteflika IV et le départ à la retraite du célèbre général Mohamed Mediene traduisent la « perte du leadership du DRS », la puissante police politique algérienne. Cet article démontre à l’inverse que la narration hégémonique procède d’un storytelling dont la rationalité se décline comme suit : projeter le simulacre de la déstructuration de la police secrète pour éviter d’endosser la responsabilité du quatrième quinquennat ; façonner l’après-Bouteflika. En usant de la pseudopolitique, l’ establishment de l’État profond parvient à imposer son ordre narratif : rendre invisible le régime institutionnel que la police secrète a forgé durant un quart de siècle.
Précarité juridique et précarité socio-économique : le cas des personnes admises provisoirement dans le cadre de l’asile
Authors: Bolzman Claudio
Published: September 2016

À partir du cas des personnes admises provisoirement dans le cadre de la procédure d’asile en Suisse, cet article analyse les effets des catégories juridiques construites par les États sur les conditions de vie des personnes définies comme étrangères à la citoyenneté restreinte. Il met en évidence que la précarité de ce statut juridique peut conduire à renforcer la précarité socio-économique et limiter la marge de manœuvre des migrants pour faire face aux difficultés de l’existence. L’article est basé sur des analyses secondaires d’informations statistiques et juridiques et sur des entretiens semi-directifs avec des personnes étant ou ayant été au bénéfice d’une admission provisoire.
On en parle peu, pourtant ils existent : les demandeurs d’asile et les réfugiés en Roumanie
Authors: Teodorescu Cristina
Published: September 2016

Le phénomène migratoire dans l’Europe centrale et de l’Est est peu connu et médiatisé au niveau international et même local. En mettant en évidence le cas de la Roumanie, cet article se focalise sur la problématique des demandeurs d’asile. La place et le rôle de ce pays dans le contexte actuel de la migration sont expliqués par sa position géographique, son historique et l’impact des réglementations communautaires. L’expérience récente de la mise en œuvre des programmes d’accueil et d’intégration pour les migrants illustre l’effort considérable que l’État roumain déploie en vue de la création et de la gestion des politiques efficaces et durables dans ce domaine. Cependant, de multiples réformes concernant les aides et les services sociaux, la formation des professionnels, l’implication des institutions locales, etc., restent encore à développer et à considérer.
L’impact de la crise en Espagne sur l’immigration marocaine : migrations de retour ou nouvelles pratiques de circulation stratégiques ?
Authors: Capote Alberto
Published: September 2016

La crise économique en Espagne a particulièrement affecté la population immigrée, notamment les Marocains, principale nationalité extracommunautaire résidant en Espagne. Cependant, c’est seulement récemment, à partir de 2012, que l’on commence à constater une certaine réduction du nombre d’immigrants marocains en Espagne. Les migrations de retour présentent actuellement une plus grande complexité que par le passé. Autrement dit, le retour est conçu, très souvent, comme une partie intégrante du cycle migratoire, qui concerne aussi bien les lieux de départ que ceux d’accueil. Ceci a constitué nos bases de départ pour une étude empirique sur les migrations marocaines récentes de retour à cause de la crise économique en Espagne.
Calais : une étape dans l’exil
Authors: Briké Xavier
Published: September 2016

Dans le campement auto-établi de Calais se pensent des stratégies de résistance et de survie, des ruses inédites et des méthodes constamment réétudiées. Les identités se transforment, les représentations se réévaluent, les traditions se réinterprètent subtilement. Les personnes se doivent de repenser « du collectif » par une reproduction de comportements qui produisent des « règles ». Les actions comme les cadres auto-institués s’inscrivent incontestablement dans les champs du politique. À l’intérieur, de par les logiques de gestion qui s’y jouent, à l’extérieur de par les inquiétudes que crée l’existence de ces hors-lieux, et ce à tous niveaux de pouvoir.
Use of a Pin Distractor as an Aid for Fixation of Pronation-External Rotation Fibular Fractures
Authors: Johnson Joey P. , Vopat Bryan G. , Blankenhorn Brad
Published: September 2016

Restoration of fibular length in pronation and other comminuted ankle fractures is key to good clinical outcomes and is often a challenging aspect of open reduction and internal fixation of the fibula. This article reports the use of a pin distractor to achieve appropriate fibular reduction in otherwise challenging ankle fractures. The authors describe the use of a pin distractor to obtain length and minimize the number of surgical assistants needed for these challenging ankle fractures. The authors find this technique particularly useful with pronation type and subacute ankle fractures. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e192–e194.]
Un apunte a la problemática constructiva de la Catedral de México: el caso de las cubiertas abovedadas y su replanteo hacia 1628
Authors: Herrera García Francisco Javier
Published: September 2016

En 1628 el Arzobispo Francisco de Manso y Zúñiga, se propuso abovedar las naves de la catedral de México, contando con la experiencia del arquitecto Juan Gómez de Trasmonte. Este último apuesta por un sistema de bóvedas de cañón con lunetos para la nave central y vaídas para las laterales. Además, propone tres soluciones técnicas relacionadas con otros tantos materiales pétreos posibles: la chiluca, piedra de los Remedios y el tezontle. Las grandes inundaciones del año siguiente y sus secuelas, retrasarían la puesta en práctica de estas iniciativas que estimamos, suponen el punto de partida del modelo de bóvedas que hoy contemplamos en las tres naves de la catedral novohispana.
Sobre la procedencia de los paisajes de José de Ribera de la colección Casa de Alba y otras noticias
Authors: Nicolás Martínez Mª del Mar
Published: September 2016

Se da a conocer, a través de una serie de documentos notariales, la procedencia en origen de los cuadros Paisajes con fortín y Paisajes con pastores, de José de Ribera, que formaron parte de la colección de pintura de don Fernando Joaquín Fajardo, sexto marqués de los Vélez y virrey de Nápoles.
Noves aportacions al coneixement de la flora al·lòctona de la comarca del Baix Llobregat (Catalunya, Espanya)
Authors: Álvarez H. , Ibáñez N. , Gómez-Bellver C.
Published: September 2016

En el presente trabajo aportamos datos sobre la presencia de 17 plantas alóctonas encontradas en la comarca del Baix Llobregat durante el período 2011-2014. Son primeras citas para Europa: Acacia rostellifera Benth. y Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi. Son nuevas especies para la península ibérica: Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus y Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth. Son novedad para Cataluña: Atriplex semibaccata R. Br., Oenothera speciosa Nutt. y Verbena incompta P. W. Michael. Son novedad comarcal: Parkinsonia aculeata L., Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Physalis peruviana L., Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. y Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Las especies restantes son muy raras en el territorio estudiado: Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet, Asperugo procumbens L., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. y Oenothera indecora Cambess.

[ca] En aquest treball aportem dades sobre la presència de 17 plantes al·lòctones trobades a la comarca del Baix Llobregat durant el període 2011-2014. Són primeres cites per a Europa: Acacia rostellifera Benth. i Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi. Són noves espècies per a la península Ibèrica: Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus i Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth. Són novetat per a Catalunya: Atriplex semibaccata R. Br., Oenothera speciosa Nutt. i Verbena incompta P. W. Michael. Com a novetat comarcal: Parkinsonia aculeata L., Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Physalis peruviana L., Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. i Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Les espècies restants són molt rares en el territori estudiat: Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet, Asperugo procumbens L., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. i Oenothera indecora Cambess.
Edificio de oficinas. Frankfurt-Main
Authors: Weber Gerhard
Published: September 2016

La empresa alemana de colorantes Farbwerke Hoechst, A. G., ha construido en Frankfurt-Main un gran edificio para sede de sus oficinas administrativas centrales.
Reactor atómico. Munich
Authors: Weber Gerhard
Published: September 2016

Una vez más el espíritu alemán ha quedado definido por su gran capacidad para la iniciación de empresas duras y difíciles con la construcción de esta estación atómica, creada para corresponder a las necesidades del Instituto de Física en la Escuela Superior Técnica de Munich.
Nuevo laboratorio, en Londres
Authors: Tripe & Wakeham Arquitectos
Published: September 2016

El aumento en el consumo de bebidas sin alcohol y zumos de frutas ha sido muy notable en estos últimos años, lo cual ha obligado a desarrollar una serie de trabajos de investigación del sabor, química y tratamiento del agua, microbiología, sistema de envase, etc.
Bases para proyectiles dirigidos
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: September 2016

Aunque actualmente no se ha llegado a una línea general de métodos o sistemas que gobiernen un tipo característico de rampa y servicios auxiliares necesarios para el lanzamiento al espacio de proyectiles dirigidos a grandes alturas y distancias, las experiencias obtenidas en diferentes ensayos, utilizando distintos tipos de proyectiles y trayectorias balísticas, han sentado toda una serie de procedimientos, datos y conclusiones de gran valor balístico que, aun teniendo en cuenta la continua evolución del proyectil, sus formas, combustibles y alcances, se conocen ya, con bastante aproximación, las condiciones mínimas que ha de reunir una base dedicada a este tipo de lanzamientos.
Process Parameter Optimization of Laser Forming Based on FEM-RSM-GA Integration Technique
Authors: Velayutham K. , Venkadeshwaran K. , Selvakumar G.
Published: September 2016

A process design tool is proposed for parametric optimization of laser forming based on integrated Finite Element Method, Response Surface Method and grey Relation analysis. A sequentially integrated FEM-RSM-GRA framework has been developed and implemented to determine the optimum parameters for maximum bend angle, minimum heat affected zone (HAZ) and minimum residual stress. Four process parameters namely power, scanning velocity,spot diameter and sheet thickness had been consideredhave been optimized to minimize the distortion of the structure. The optimization results revealed the effectiveness of the methodology for process design of laser forming of AISI stainless steel sheet with reduced haz and residual stress.
Experimental Prediction and Numerical Modeling of Ductile Damage and Failure Modeling of Aluminium Sheet Metal Specimen
Authors: Nalla Mohamed M. , Praveen Kumar A. , Adil Malik A.
Published: September 2016

Aluminium sheet metal is nowadays used to fabricate lighter, crashworthy, fuel efficient and environment friendly vehicles. Ductile damage of sheet metals affects significantly the crashworthiness, as it naturally exhibits anisotropic behavior due to the grain orientation. Johnson-Cook (J-C) damage model is widely used in numerical simulation for assessing the failure modeling of crash component in particular at high strain rate. The Johnson-Cook material model available in literature is meant for isotropic material behavior which cannot be used directly for anisotropic behavior of materials. To characterize the plastic anisotropy of the rolled sheet, the modified Johnson-Cook material model should be developed. In this research the combination of experimental work and numerical analysis with clear and simpler calibration strategy for damage model is demonstrated. It aims to reduce laboratory tests using advanced numerical analysis to predict failure in order to save overall cost and development time.
Real-world experiences of folic acid supplementation (5 versus 30 mg/week) with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a comparison study
Authors: Koh K.T. , Teh C.L. , Cheah C.K. , Ling G.R. , Yong M.C. , Hong H.C. , Gun S.C.
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to compare the tolerability of methotrexate in two different regimes of folic acid (FA) supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We performed a multicenter, cross-sectional observational cohort study on 240 RA patients with 120 patients each in 5 mg of FA weekly and 30 mg of FA weekly supplementation. There were no significant differences for side effects (14.2 versus 22.5%, P=0.523) and discontinuation of methotrexate (3.6 versus 13.3%, P=0.085). RA patients given 5 mg of FA weekly supplementation had a lower disease activity score 28 compared to 30 mg of FA weekly supplementation [3.44 (1.10) versus 3.85 (1.40), P=0.014]. FA supplementation of 5 mg per week and 30 mg per week was associated with similar tolerability of methotrexate in RA patients.
New approved drugs for psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Perrotta F.M. , Lubrano E.
Published: September 2016

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that possibly leads to structural damage and to a reduction of joint function and poor quality of life. Treatment of PsA has changed since its introduction of anti- TNF drugs, which have shown to reduce the symptoms and signs of the disease and slow the radiographic progression. However, recently, the discovery of new pathogenic mechanisms have made possible the development of new molecules that target pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in skin, joint and entheseal inflammation. New drugs like ustekinumab, secukinumab and apremilast inhibit interleukin axis and intracellular pathways and showed their efficacy and safety in randomized clinical trials. These drugs have been recently approved for the treatment of PsA and included in the new EULAR and GRAPPA treatment recommendations. The aim of this paper is to briefly review the clinical trials that led to their approval for PsA.