bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vavilov’s Life Activity Analysis As an Element of Patriotic Education Among Students of Saratov State Agrarian University
Authors: Kalinichenko E. , Mizyurova E.
Published: June 2022

The relevance of this article is due to the consideration of the problem of the formation patriotic education of students, especially in those universities where the export of educational services is actively developing. The results of the study value orientations of student youth allow us to conclude that it seems justified and significant to include in the formation of patriotic education of students the Vavilov’s life activity study, whose name is the Saratov State Agrarian University. Active forms of education, joint extracurricular activities of the university and targeted guidance from teachers contribute to solving this problem. The dynamics of the development patriotic education of students is presented on the example of the Vavilov’s life activity analysis.
For Parents About School: Project of the Training Educational Program
Authors: Belousov Konstantin
Published: June 2022

The work actualizes the need for the active involvement of parents in the activities of the school. There is an ever-increasing interest of specialists in various fields of scientific knowledge in the problem of interaction between the school and the parental community. The results of a questionnaire pull conducted among 1239 parents of pupils of different types of schools in St. Petersburg, regarding the degree of their desire to influence the work of an educational institution are presented. An educational program is proposed for implementation aimed at expanding the horizons of legal representatives of students about the school, the tasks facing it, which could assist in increasing parental participation in the educational process of their children, would contribute to the removal of possible conflict tension in the interaction of subjects of the educational process, helped better understanding of mutual requests from school to parents and from parents to school.
A Closest Benders Cut Selection Scheme for Accelerating the Benders Decomposition Algorithm
Authors: Seo Kiho , Joung Seulgi , Lee Chungmok , Park Sungsoo
Published: June 2022

The Benders decomposition algorithm often shows poor convergence. To improve the convergence of the Benders decomposition algorithm. Recently, it was proposed the use of feasibility cuts closest to a solution in the set defined by all feasibility cuts. We extend this feasibility cut selection scheme to a new cut selection scheme for optimality cuts and propose a new Benders separation framework that a single linear programming problem can solve. We show that optimality cuts generated by this scheme are Pareto optimal when some conditions are satisfied. Theoretical connections to the existing Benders cut generation methods are also identified. Extensive computational experiments on the multiple classes of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the convergence speed and computational time.

Summary of Contribution: The Benders decomposition algorithm is one of the most widely used algorithms in operations research. However, the Benders decomposition algorithm often shows poor convergence for some optimization problems. In this paper, to improve the convergence of the Benders decomposition algorithm, we propose a unified closest Benders cut generation scheme. We give theoretical properties of the proposed Benders cuts, including Pareto optimality and facet-defining conditions. Also, we conducted extensive computational tests on various instances, such as network design and expansion problems. The results show the effectiveness of the closest Benders cut compared with existing algorithms and Cplex.
Una canasta, una sonrisa. Educación en valores en el ámbito educativo no formal a través del aprendizaje-servicio
Authors: Sánchez Mauro , Ruescas Elena , García Begoña , Portillo Luis Javier
Published: June 2022

Las actividades deportivas constituyen una de las principales fuentes de educación no formal. El número elevado de participantes, así como la motivación con la que acuden, configuran un contexto idóneo para poder conseguir una educación integral. Para ello es necesario un planteamiento deliberado ya que el deporte no educa en sí mismo. En la escuela deportiva La Fábrica de Valores de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, dentro de su programa formativo de educación socioemocional, se desarrolló una experiencia de aprendizaje-servicio en la que participaron 19 adolescentes de los equipos cadete masculino y femenino. A partir de una propuesta para conseguir fondos para la Fundación Khanimambo (Praia de Xai-Xai, Mozambique), el objetivo fue desarrollar los valores de solidaridad, empatía, cooperación y responsabilidad mediante la metodología de aprendizaje-servicio. Como resultados de esta experiencia se destacan el sentimiento de satisfacción personal que han tenido los participantes ayudando a los demás y el desarrollo de la empatía, solidaridad y cooperación. Se sugiere que algunas de las numerosas acciones de voluntariado que se hacen en las escuelas y clubes deportivos se configuren siguiendo una metodología de aprendizaje-servicio para consolidar los aprendizajes de valores y actitudes.
Two-photon endomicroscopy with microsphere-spliced double-cladding antiresonant fiber for resolution enhancement
Authors: Wang Conghao , Liu Huilan , Cui Haodong , Ma Jianrui , Li Yijun , Tian Jingquan , Jin Chaoyong , Chen Yanchuan , Gao Yuqian , Fu Qiang , Hu Yanhui , Wu Dakun , Yu Fei , Wu Runlong , Wang Aimin , Feng Lishuang
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate a miniature fiber-optic two two-photon endomicroscopy with microsphere-spliced double-cladding antiresonant fiber for resolution enhancement. An easy-to-operate process for fixing microsphere permanently in an antiresonant fiber core, by arc discharge, is proposed. The flexible fiber-optic probe is integrated with a parameter of 5.8 mm × 49.1 mm (outer diameter × rigid length); the field of view is 210 µm, the resolution is 1.3 µm, and the frame rate is 0.7 fps. The imaging ability is verified using ex-vivo mouse kidney, heart, stomach, tail tendon, and in-vivo brain neural imaging.
Unidirectional invisibility in a PT-symmetric structure designed by topology optimization
Authors: Matsushima Kei , Noguchi Yuki , Yamada Takayuki
Published: June 2022

This study designs a piecewise homogeneous dielectric structure with parity–time (PT) symmetry that realizes the unidirectional invisibility of a perfect electric conductor in two dimensions. We apply topology optimization and design a PT-symmetric material that minimizes the total scattering cross section for a given plane wave to achieve unidirectional invisibility. A rigorous mode-matching finite element method is used to perform all computations. The designed PT-symmetric structure suppressed plane-wave scattering by approximately 99% for the given incident direction, whereas the reversed incident wave experienced 83 times larger scattering intensity. The proposed method provides a novel approach, to the best of our knowledge, to promote various applications of PT symmetry.
Multi-channel multiplexing quantum teleportation based on the entangled sideband modes
Authors: Wu Yimiao , Wang Qingwei , Tian Long , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Jiawei , Shi Shaoping , Wang Yajun , Zheng Yaohui
Published: June 2022

Quantum teleportation is a key primitive across a number of quantum information tasks and represents a fundamental ingredient for many quantum technologies. Channel capacity, other than the fidelity, becomes another focus of quantum communication. Here, we present a 5-channel multiplexing continuous-variable quantum teleportation protocol in the optical frequency comb system, exploiting five-order entangled sideband modes. Because of the resonant electro-optical modulation (EOM) that is specifically designed, the fidelities of five channels are greater than 0.78, which are superior to the no-cloning limit of

2
/
3

. This work provides a feasible scheme for implementing efficient quantum information processing.
EPIC: Inferring relevant cell types for complex traits by integrating genome-wide association studies and single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Wang Rujin , Lin Dan-Yu , Jiang Yuchao
Published: June 2022

More than a decade of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified genetic risk variants that are significantly associated with complex traits. Emerging evidence suggests that the function of trait-associated variants likely acts in a tissue- or cell-type-specific fashion. Yet, it remains challenging to prioritize trait-relevant tissues or cell types to elucidate disease etiology. Here, we present EPIC (cEll tyPe enrIChment), a statistical framework that relates large-scale GWAS summary statistics to cell-type-specific gene expression measurements from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We derive powerful gene-level test statistics for common and rare variants, separately and jointly, and adopt generalized least squares to prioritize trait-relevant cell types while accounting for the correlation structures both within and between genes. Using enrichment of loci associated with four lipid traits in the liver and enrichment of loci associated with three neurological disorders in the brain as ground truths, we show that EPIC outperforms existing methods. We apply our framework to multiple scRNA-seq datasets from different platforms and identify cell types underlying type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. The enrichment is replicated using independent GWAS and scRNA-seq datasets and further validated using PubMed search and existing bulk case-control testing results.
Analysis of mortality metrics associated with a comprehensive range of disorders in Denmark, 2000 to 2018: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Plana-Ripoll Oleguer , Dreier Julie W. , Momen Natalie C. , Prior Anders , Weye Nanna , Mortensen Preben Bo , Pedersen Carsten B. , Iburg Kim Moesgaard , Christensen Maria Klitgaard , Laursen Thomas Munk , Agerbo Esben , Pedersen Marianne G. , Brandt Jørgen , Frohn Lise Marie , Geels Camilla , Christensen Jesper H. , McGrath John J.
Published: June 2022

Background

The provision of different types of mortality metrics (e.g., mortality rate ratios [MRRs] and life expectancy) allows the research community to access a more informative set of health metrics. The aim of this study was to provide a panel of mortality metrics associated with a comprehensive range of disorders and to design a web page to visualize all results.

Methods and findings

In a population-based cohort of all 7,378,598 persons living in Denmark at some point between 2000 and 2018, we identified individuals diagnosed at hospitals with 1,803 specific categories of disorders through the International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision (ICD-10) in the National Patient Register. Information on date and cause of death was obtained from the Registry of Causes of Death. For each of the disorders, a panel of epidemiological and mortality metrics was estimated, including incidence rates, age-of-onset distributions, MRRs, and differences in life expectancy (estimated as life years lost [LYLs]). Additionally, we examined models that adjusted for measures of air pollution to explore potential associations with MRRs. We focus on 39 general medical conditions to simplify the presentation of results, which cover 10 broad categories: circulatory, endocrine, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, urogenital, musculoskeletal, hematologic, mental, and neurologic conditions and cancer. A total of 3,676,694 males and 3,701,904 females were followed up for 101.7 million person-years. During the 19-year follow-up period, 1,034,273 persons (14.0%) died. For 37 of the 39 selected medical conditions, mortality rates were larger and life expectancy shorter compared to the Danish general population. For these 37 disorders, MRRs ranged from 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09 to 1.10) for vision problems to 7.85 (7.77 to 7.93) for chronic liver disease, while LYLs ranged from 0.31 (0.14 to 0.47) years (approximately 16 weeks) for allergy to 17.05 (16.95 to 17.15) years for chronic liver disease. Adjustment for air pollution had very little impact on the estimates; however, a limitation of the study is the possibility that the association between the different disorders and mortality could be explained by other underlying factors associated with both the disorder and mortality.

Conclusions

In this study, we show estimates of incidence, age of onset, age of death, and mortality metrics (both MRRs and LYLs) for a comprehensive range of disorders. The interactive data visualization site (https://nbepi.com/atlas) allows more fine-grained analysis of the link between a range of disorders and key mortality estimates.
Discrimination of edge orientation by bumblebees
Authors: Guiraud Marie , Roper Mark , Wolf Stephan , Woodgate Joseph L. , Chittka Lars
Published: June 2022

Simple feature detectors in the visual system, such as edge-detectors, are likely to underlie even the most complex visual processing, so understanding the limits of these systems is crucial for a fuller understanding of visual processing. We investigated the ability of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) to discriminate between differently angled edges. In a multiple-choice, “meadow-like” scenario, bumblebees successfully discriminated between angled bars with 7° differences, significantly exceeding the previously reported performance of eastern honeybees (Apis cerana, limit: 15°). Neither the rate at which bees learned, nor their final discrimination performance were affected by the angular orientation of the training bars, indicating a uniform performance across the visual field. Previous work has found that, in dual-choice tests, eastern honeybees cannot reliably discriminate between angles with less than 25° difference, suggesting that performance in discrimination tasks is affected by the training regime, and doesn’t simply reflect the perceptual limitations of the visual system. We used high resolution LCD monitors to investigate bumblebees’ angular resolution in a dual-choice experiment. Bumblebees could still discriminate 7° angle differences under such conditions (exceeding the previously reported limit for Apis mellifera, of 10°, as well as that of A. cerana). Bees eventually reached similar levels of accuracy in the dual-choice experiment as they did under multiple-choice conditions but required longer learning periods. Bumblebees show impressive abilities to discriminate between angled edges, performing better than two previously tested species of honeybee. This high performance may, in turn, support complex visual processing in the bumblebee brain.
Measuring gender attitudes: Developing and testing Implicit Association Tests for adolescents in India
Authors: Jain Tarun , Dhar Diva , Kapoor Vrinda , Kapur Vrinda , Raj Anita
Published: June 2022

We develop and test gender attitude measures conducted with a school-based sample of adolescents aged 14–17 years in India. We test a measure with survey items and vignettes to capture gender-based value and stereotypes, an Implicit Association Test (IAT) capturing gender-based value, and an IAT capturing gender stereotype. All demonstrate good internal reliability, and both IATs are significantly associated with our survey measure suggesting criterion validity, though not confirming it due to the lack of a gold standard measure on gender attitudes. Finally, construct validity is indicated from the measures’ positive significant associations with higher girls’ mobility and education. The gender-related IAT tools developed are consistent and valid, and modestly correlated with gender-related behavior outcomes such as mobility and school enrolment.
Risk factors associated with tuberculosis recurrence in South Korea determined using a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Youn Hin Moi , Shin Moon-Kyung , Jeong Dawoon , Kim Hee-Jin , Choi Hongjo , Kang Young Ae
Published: June 2022

Objective

Prevention of tuberculosis (TB) recurrence is an important issue in TB control. South Korea, a country with a high average income, has been challenged with an intermediate burden of TB. We aimed to estimate the TB recurrence rate after successful completion of the first anti-TB chemotherapy, and to identify the risk factors for the TB recurrence by focusing on co-morbidities and behavioral factors.

Methods

This is a population-based cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) database between 2002 and 2013. Newly diagnosed TB patients were identified using the classification of disease codes and prescription records. Final analytical subjects included people who successfully completed the first anti-TB chemotherapy. The primary outcome measure was recurrent TB 6-month after the first treatment completion. A set of associated risk factors, including demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, and health behavior factors were analyzed using Cox regression analysis.

Results

Among 5,446 TB patients, 2,226 (40.1%) completed the first anti-TB treatment. During the follow-up period, 150 (6.7%) patients had TB recurrence, and the crude recurrent rate was 22.6 per 1000 person-years. The majority of recurrence cases (89%) occurred within the first 2-year period. The major findings show that participants who are male (adjusted HR (aHR) = 1.81, at a 95% CI, range: 1.11–2.94), older in age (aHR = 1.07, at a 95% CI, range: 1.00–1.14), have a lower income (aHR = 1.96, at a 95% CI, range: 1.10–3.48) and who are underweight (aHR = 1.92, at a 95% CI, range 1.15–3.20) were at higher risks for TB recurrence.

Conclusion

People who have risk factors for recurrent TB need to improve treatment compliance through more effective TB management, and follow-up observation for one or two years after the treatment completion.
Artifact3-D: New software for accurate, objective and efficient 3D analysis and documentation of archaeological artifacts
Authors: Grosman Leore , Muller Antoine , Dag Itamar , Goldgeier Hadas , Harush Ortal , Herzlinger Gadi , Nebenhaus Keren , Valetta Francesco , Yashuv Talia , Dick Nir
Published: June 2022

The study of artifacts is fundamental to archaeological research. The features of individual artifacts are recorded, analyzed, and compared within and between contextual assemblages. Here we present and make available for academic-useArtifact3-D, a new software package comprised of a suite of analysis and documentation procedures for archaeological artifacts. We introduce it here, alongside real archaeological case studies to demonstrate its utility.Artifact3-Dequips its users with a range of computational functions for accurate measurements, including orthogonal distances, surface area, volume, CoM, edge angles, asymmetry, and scar attributes. Metrics and figures for each of these measurements are easily exported for the purposes of further analysis and illustration. We test these functions on a range of real archaeological case studies pertaining to tool functionality, technological organization, manufacturing traditions, knapping techniques, and knapper skill. Here we focus on lithic artifacts, but theArtifact3-Dsoftware can be used on any artifact type to address the needs of modern archaeology. Computational methods are increasingly becoming entwined in the excavation, documentation, analysis, database creation, and publication of archaeological research.Artifact3-Doffers functions to address every stage of this workflow. It equips the user with the requisite toolkit for archaeological research that is accurate, objective, repeatable and efficient. This program will help archaeological research deal with the abundant material found during excavations and will open new horizons in research trajectories.
Economic growth, renewable energy and financial development in the CPTPP countries
Authors: Vo Duc Hong , Tran Quan , Tran Thao
Published: June 2022

The trade agreement is generally considered an effective mechanism to encourage trading activities. However, trade activities may lead to environmental degradation because more trade is generally associated with more energy consumption. In addition, financial development with an increased flow of capital among members is required to fund trading activities. Renewable energy can be a moderating factor to balance the effects of trade activities and financial development on the economy and the environment. This paper focuses on the inter-relationship between growth-energy-finance nexus for the CPTPP members in the 1971–2020 period. While the energy-growth-environment nexus has been extensively investigated, the energy-growth-finance relationship has been largely ignored in existing literature, particularly for the CPTPP countries. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, we find that renewable energy consumption does reduce CO2 emission while financial development does not necessarily increase environmental degradation. Second, financial development is found to cause renewable energy usage bilaterally. Finally, when different proxies are used for financial development, a bilateral causality relationship between renewable energy usage, financial development and economic growth is confirmed. These important findings imply that the governments of the CPTPP countries should encourage renewable energy usage to achieve the dual objectives from the CPTPP trade agreement: (i) to increase trade activities; and (ii) to support further financial development within the region. These two objectives together support economic growth.
Irrational prescription of surfactant replacement therapy in neonatal respiratory distress
Authors: Jahanmehr Nader , Izadi Reyhane , Habibolahi Abbas , Yousefzadeh Setareh , Khodakarim Soheila
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Respiratory distress is known as one of the leading causes of neonatal death. In recent decades, surfactant therapy has revolutionized respiratory failure. Since the implementation of the health system reform plan as well as the allocation of new financial resources for health system in Iran, the rate of irrational prescription has increased and prescription of surfactant for neonates, has raised unexpectedly, which is thought to be due to irrational prescriptions partly. The present study aimed to determine the rate of irrational prescription of surfactant for neonates with respiratory distress.

Methods

This research was a cross-sectional descriptive study, which was conducted retrospectively. In the current study, determining the rate of irrational prescription was done in terms of the surfactant prescription guideline. Finally, the medical data of 846 neonates who underwent surfactant therapy in Iran in 2018, were extracted from the information system of the Ministry of Health and the neonatal medical records.

Results

The results show that drug selection index, dose index, and time index were irrational for 14.30%, 27.42%, and 1.06% of neonates, respectively. Moreover, the total index of drug prescription, which is a combination of the above-mentioned three components, was found to be irrational for 31.47% of neonates.

Conclusions

The results of the present study are considered as a warning to providers and decision makers in the field of neonatal health to reduce irrational prescriptions of surfactant for neonates. This study suggests the use of educational interventions in order to reduce irrational prescriptions due to drug selection as well as the use of computer alert approaches in order to reduce irrational prescriptions due to wrong dose.
Evidence-based service delivery interventions for testing, linking, treating, and retaining children and adolescents living with HIV in primary health care settings: Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Putta Nande , Hansen Caitlin E. , Funaro Melissa C. , Campbell Melissa , Essajee Shaffiq , Mbori-Ngacha Dorothy , Frimpong Shadrack , Wang Shi-Yi , Paintsil Elijah
Published: June 2022

Background

At the end of 2019, there were about 2.8 million children and adolescents aged 0–19 living with HIV. In contrast to pregnant women and adults, service delivery for children and adolescents living with HIV continues to lag behind with regard to access to care, components of care delivery, treatment options, and clinical and immunologic outcomes.

Aim

The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the evidence on the most effective interventions, models, programs, and strategies to optimize the delivery of services for the testing, linkage, treatment and retention of children and adolescents living with HIV globally.

Methods

This review protocol is registered at PROSPERO with Registration number: CRD42020209553. The systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will use a comprehensive search strategy to search several bibliographic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Global Health, and Psycinfo to identify relevant studies published in the last ten years (2010 to 2020). In addition, we will review cited and citing references of included studies. A pair of reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full texts of articles, extract data from articles meeting inclusion criteria and perform quality assessments of the evidence collected. We will conduct a narrative synthesis of our findings, and if there are sufficient clinically similar studies available, we will conduct meta-analysis using a random-effects model.

Discussion

This review will provide evidence on service delivery models that have been evaluated in a range of settings to efficiently and effectively locate, link, treat and retain in care, children and adolescents living with HIV. The synthesized evidence will help guide national governments and health care providers in prioritizing and adopting evidence-based service delivery approaches for children and adolescents living with HIV.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42020209553.
Subjective and objective difficulty of emotional facial expression perception from dynamic stimuli
Authors: Schneider Jan N. , Matyjek Magdalena , Weigand Anne , Dziobek Isabel , Brick Timothy R.
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to discover predictors of subjective and objective difficulty in emotion perception from dynamic facial expressions. We used a multidimensional emotion perception framework, in which observers rated the perceived emotion along a number of dimensions instead of choosing from traditionally-used discrete categories of emotions. Data were collected online from 441 participants who rated facial expression stimuli in a novel paradigm designed to separately measure subjective (self-reported) and objective (deviation from the population consensus) difficulty. We targeted person-specific (sex and age of observers and actors) and stimulus-specific (valence and arousal values) predictors of those difficulty scores. Our findings suggest that increasing age of actors makes emotion perception more difficult for observers, and that perception difficulty is underestimated by men in comparison to women, and by younger and older adults in comparison to middle-aged adults. The results also yielded an increase in the objective difficulty measure for female observers and female actors. Stimulus-specific factors–valence and arousal–exhibited quadratic relationships with subjective and objective difficulties: Very positive and very negative stimuli were linked to reduced subjective and objective difficulty, whereas stimuli of very low and high arousal were linked to decreased subjective but increased objective difficulty. Exploratory analyses revealed low relevance of person-specific variables for the prediction of difficulty but highlighted the importance of valence in emotion perception, in line with functional accounts of emotions. Our findings highlight the need to complement traditional emotion recognition paradigms with novel designs, like the one presented here, to grasp the “big picture” of human emotion perception.
Selecting predictive biomarkers from genomic data
Authors: Frommlet Florian , Szulc Piotr , König Franz , Bogdan Malgorzata
Published: June 2022

Recently there have been tremendous efforts to develop statistical procedures which allow to determine subgroups of patients for which certain treatments are effective. This article focuses on the selection of prognostic and predictive genetic biomarkers based on a relatively large number of candidate Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). We consider models which include prognostic markers as main effects and predictive markers as interaction effects with treatment. We compare different high-dimensional selection approaches including adaptive lasso, a Bayesian adaptive version of the Sorted L-One Penalized Estimator (SLOBE) and a modified version of the Bayesian Information Criterion (mBIC2). These are compared with classical multiple testing procedures for individual markers. Having identified predictive markers we consider several different approaches how to specify subgroups susceptible to treatment. Our main conclusion is that selection based on mBIC2 and SLOBE has similar predictive performance as the adaptive lasso while including substantially fewer biomarkers.
Multi-scale ResNet and BiGRU automatic sleep staging based on attention mechanism
Authors: Liu Changyuan , Yin Yunfu , Sun Yuhan , Ersoy Okan K.
Published: June 2022

Sleep staging is the basis of sleep evaluation and a key step in the diagnosis of sleep-related diseases. Despite being useful, the existing sleep staging methods have several disadvantages, such as relying on artificial feature extraction, failing to recognize temporal sequence patterns in the long-term associated data, and reaching the accuracy upper limit of sleep staging. Hence, this paper proposes an automatic Electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep signal staging model, which based on Multi-scale Attention Residual Nets (MAResnet) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU). The proposed model is based on the residual neural network in deep learning. Compared with the traditional residual learning module, the proposed model additionally uses the improved channel and spatial feature attention units and convolution kernels of different sizes in parallel at the same position. Thus, multiscale feature extraction of the EEG sleep signals and residual learning of the neural networks is performed to avoid network degradation. Finally, BiGRU is used to determine the dependence between the sleep stages and to realize the automatic learning of sleep data staging features and sleep cycle extraction. According to the experiment, the classification accuracy and kappa coefficient of the proposed method on sleep-EDF data set are 84.24% and 0.78, which are respectively 0.24% and 0.21 higher than the traditional residual net. At the same time, this paper also verified the proposed method on UCD and SHHS data sets, and the figure of classification accuracy is 79.34% and 81.6%, respectively. Compared to related existing studies, the recognition accuracy is significantly improved, which validates the effectiveness and generalization performance of the proposed method.
Characterizing genetic transmission networks among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected individuals in eastern China: 2012–2016
Authors: Ding Xiaobei , Chaillon Antoine , Pan Xiaohong , Zhang Jiafeng , Zhong Ping , He Lin , Chen Wanjun , Fan Qin , Jiang Jun , Luo Mingyu , Xia Yan , Guo Zhihong , Smith Davey M.
Published: June 2022

We aimed to elucidate the characteristics of HIV molecular epidemiology and identify transmission hubs in eastern China using genetic transmission network and lineage analyses. HIV-TRACE was used to infer putative relationships. Across the range of epidemiologically-plausible genetic distance (GD) thresholds (0.1–2.0%), a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the optimal threshold, generating the maximum number of transmission clusters and providing reliable resolution without merging different small clusters into a single large cluster. Characteristics of genetically linked individuals were analyzed using logistic regression. Assortativity (shared characteristics) analysis was performed to infer shared attributes between putative partners. 1,993 persons living with HIV-1 were enrolled. The determined GD thresholds within subtypes CRF07_BC, CRF01_AE, and B were 0.5%, 1.2%, and 1.7%, respectively, and 826 of 1,993 (41.4%) sequences were linked with at least one other sequence, forming 188 transmission clusters of 2–80 sequences. Clustering rates for the main subtypes CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and B were 50.9% (523/1027), 34.2% (256/749), and 32.1% (25/78), respectively. Median cluster sizes of these subtypes were 2 (2–52, n = 523), 2 (2–80, n = 256), and 3 (2–6, n = 25), respectively. Subtypes in individuals diagnosed and residing in Hangzhou city (OR = 1.423, 95% CI: 1.168–1.734) and men who have sex with men (MSM) were more likely to cluster. Assortativity analysis revealed individuals were more likely to be genetically linked to individuals from the same age group (AIage = 0.090, P<0.001) and the same area of residency in Zhejiang (AIcity = 0.078, P<0.001). Additionally, students living with HIV were more likely to be linked with students than show a random distribution (AI student = 0.740, P<0.01). These results highlight the importance of Hangzhou City in the regional epidemic and show that MSM comprise the population rapidly transmitting HIV in Zhejiang Province. We also provide a molecular epidemiology framework for improving our understanding of HIV transmission dynamics in eastern China.
Impact of the suboptimal communication network environment on telerobotic surgery performance and surgeon fatigue
Authors: Akasaka Harue , Hakamada Kenichi , Morohashi Hajime , Kanno Takahiro , Kawashima Kenji , Ebihara Yuma , Oki Eiji , Hirano Satoshi , Mori Masaki
Published: June 2022

Background

Remote surgery social implementation necessitates achieving low latency and highly reliable video/operation signal transmission over economical commercial networks. However, with commercial lines, communication bandwidth often fluctuates with network congestion and interference from narrowband lines acting as bottlenecks. Therefore, verifying the effects on surgical performance and surgeon fatigue when communication lines dip below required bandwidths are important.

Objectives

To clarify the communication bandwidth environment effects on image transmission and operability when bandwidth is lower than surgical robot requirements, and to determine surgeon fatigue levels in suboptimal environments.

Methods

Employing a newly developed surgical robot, a commercial IP-VPN line connected two hospitals 150 km apart. Thirteen surgical residents remotely performed a defined suturing procedure at 1-Gbps to 3-Mbps bandwidths. Communication delay, packet loss, time-to-task completion, forceps-movement distance, video degradation, and robot operability were evaluated before and after bandwidth changes. The Piper Fatigue Score-12 (PFS-12) was used to measure fatigue associated with surgeon performance.

Results

Roundtrip communication time for both 1-Gbps and 3-Mbps lines averaged 4 ms. Video transmission delay from camera to monitor was comparable, at 92 ms. Surgical robot signal transmission rate averaged 5.2 Mbps, so changing to 1-Gbps-3-Mbps lines resulted in significant packet loss. Surgeons perceived significant roughness, image distortion, diplopia, and degradation of 3D images (p = 0.009), but not changes in delay time or maneuverability. All surgeons could complete tasks, but objective measurement of task-completion time and forceps-travel distance were significantly prolonged (p = 0.013, p = 0,041). Additionally, PFS-12 showed post-procedure fatigue increase at both 1-Gbps and 3-Mbps. Fatigue increase was significant at 3-Mbps (p = 0.041).

Conclusions

In remote surgery environments with less than the optimal bandwidth, even when delay time and operability are equivalent, reduced surgical performance occurs from video degradation from packet loss. This may cause increased surgeon fatigue.
Drug discovery of small molecules targeting the higher-order hTERT promoter G-quadruplex
Authors: Monsen Robert C. , Maguire Jon M. , DeLeeuw Lynn W. , Chaires Jonathan B. , Trent John O.
Published: June 2022

DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) are now widely accepted as viable targets in the pursuit of anticancer therapeutics. To date, few small molecules have been identified that exhibit selectivity for G4s over alternative forms of DNA, such as the ubiquitous duplex. We posit that the lack of current ligand specificity arises for multiple reasons: G4 atomic models are often small, monomeric, single quadruplex structures with few or no druggable pockets; targeting G-tetrad faces frequently results in the enrichment of extended electron-deficient polyaromatic end-pasting scaffolds; and virtual drug discovery efforts often under-sample chemical search space. We show that by addressing these issues we can enrich for non-standard molecular templates that exhibit high selectivity towards G4s over other forms of DNA. We performed an extensive virtual screen against the higher-order hTERT core promoter G4 that we have previously characterized, targeting 12 of its unique loop and groove pockets using libraries containing 40 million drug-like compounds for each screen. Using our drug discovery funnel approach, which utilizes high-throughput fluorescence thermal shift assay (FTSA) screens, microscale thermophoresis (MST), and orthogonal biophysical methods, we have identified multiple unique G4 binding scaffolds. We subsequently used two rounds of catalogue-based SAR to increase the affinity of a disubstituted 2-aminoethyl-quinazoline that stabilizes the higher-order hTERT G-quadruplex by binding across its G4 junctional sites. We show selectivity of its binding affinity towards hTERT is virtually unaffected in the presence of near-physiological levels of duplex DNA, and that this molecule downregulates hTERT transcription in breast cancer cells.
Broad coverage of neutralization-resistant SIV strains by second-generation SIV-specific antibodies targeting the region involved in binding CD4
Authors: Welles Hugh C. , King Hannah A. D. , Nettey Leonard , Cavett Nicole , Gorman Jason , Zhou Tongqing , Tsybovsky Yaroslav , Du Renguang , Song Kaimei , Nguyen Richard , Ambrozak David , Ransier Amy , Schramm Chaim A. , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Swanstrom Adrienne E. , Hoxie James A. , LaBranche Celia , Montefiori David C. , Douek Daniel C. , Kwong Peter D. , Mascola John R. , Roederer Mario , Mason Rosemarie D.
Published: June 2022

Both SIV and SHIV are powerful tools for evaluating antibody-mediated prevention and treatment of HIV-1. However, owing to a lack of rhesus-derived SIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), testing of bnAbs for HIV-1 prevention or treatment has thus far been performed exclusively in the SHIV NHP model using bnAbs from HIV-1-infected individuals. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of multiple rhesus-derived SIV bnAbs capable of neutralizing most isolates of SIV. Eight antibodies belonging to two clonal families, ITS102 and ITS103, which target unique epitopes in the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) region, were found to be broadly neutralizing and together neutralized all SIV strains tested. A rare feature of these bnAbs and two additional antibody families, ITS92 and ITS101, which mediate strain-specific neutralizing activity against SIV from sooty mangabeys (SIVsm), was their ability to achieve near complete (i.e. 100%) neutralization of moderately and highly neutralization-resistant SIV. Overall, these newly identified SIV bnAbs highlight the potential for evaluating HIV-1 prophylactic and therapeutic interventions using fully simian, rhesus-derived bnAbs in the SIV NHP model, thereby circumventing issues related to rapid antibody clearance of human-derived antibodies, Fc mismatch and limited genetic diversity of SHIV compared to SIV.
Ethnographic narratives as living archives among the Iraqi diaspora
Authors: Saleh Zainab
Published: June 2022

Iraqis in Iraq and the diaspora, through their life experience and interpretation of events, can be a site of a living archive. They possess knowledge about how national and imperial events impacted people on the ground, and about daily life and struggle to reckon with the past and the present, imagine the future and carve a sense of belonging through storytelling. The ability to provide a personal account of the events they lived through becomes a venue to challenge their portrayal as sectarian subjects in mainstream media. In this article, I argue that life stories can serve as anticolonial methodology, techniques of representation and empowerment, and sites of knowledge production about daily lives and struggles. As a living archive, life stories act as a platform to bear witness, challenge essentialist misconceptions, expose colonial and imperial realities and constitute individuals as subjects empowered to provide an account of their own lives.
Extensión- Categoría A
Authors: Varios Autores
Published: June 2022

Premios Arquisur
Extensión- Categoría B
Authors: Varios Autores
Published: June 2022

Premios Arquisur
Padrões espaciais de localização do Programa MCMV e os impactos na qualidade da habitação social
Authors: Azevedo de Lima Márcia , Dias Lay Maria Cristina
Published: June 2022

The work evaluates the quality of the production of the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, from residents’ perception. First, it was investigated whether there are different spatial patterns of location for income groups 1, 2 and 3, which could generate different levels of integration. From this, it was verified whether these spatial patterns generate impacts on the conditions of access and urban mobility, as well as on the levels of satisfaction of the residents. The methodological procedures adopted include multiple methods of data collection and analysis that enabled complementarity between the data obtained. The results confirm that the production of the MCMV Program has different spatial patterns of location between groups 1, 2 and 3 and suggest that the city model produced by the MCMV Program at RMPA did not show any progress in relation to BNH's housing production, spatial patterns of location of the projects and their impacts on the conditions of mobility, access to opportunities and performance of the groups. In conclusion, the importance of assessing the impacts of the location of housing estates on the conditions of access and urban mobility is emphasized, as well as on the satisfaction of residents, in the search for the production of more qualified residential spaces.
Marital Property within the Marriage Law: A Debate on Legal Position and Actual Applications
Authors: Pelu Ibnu Elmi AS. , Dakhoir Ahmad
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a debate on the legal posistion of marital property and its application. It begins with examining the legal position of marital property and the application of the UUP and KHI for Muslims. It also pays attention to a discussion of whether the position of marital property needs to be declared in a marriage agreement or comes into effect automatically in every marriage. It ends with examining various actual applications in resolving a legal dispute over the marital property in the Indonesian Religious Courts. As qualitative research, this study adopts a socio-historical approach. Data were taken from such regulations on the marital property as the UUP and KHI, official documents released by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. The data were also collected from books and reputable journals. Based on the socio-historical analysis, it could be concluded that the legal position of marital property distribution has been regulated in the UUP and KHI coming into force nationally. Under this legal framework, the property acquired during a marriage belongs to both spouses. In practice, however, the spousal rights to share the property ownership becomes broken in two situations, i.e., when the husband and wife agree to include the formulation of the distribution of marital property in their marriage agreement, and when one of them files a lawsuit for the marital property by either litigation or non-litigation. Decisions based on the qualitative contributions have turned out to be more dominant in the history of settling disputes over marital property in Indonesia.[Artikel ini membahas perdebatan posisi hukum dari harta bersama beserta penerapannya. Pembahasan diawali dari posisi hukum harta bersama dan penerapannya didalam UU Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). Hal ini juga dibahas apakah perlu dicantumkan dalam perjanjian nikah atau otomatis menjadi bagian dari setiap pernikahan. Selain itu artikel ini juga membahas beberapa penerapan dalam penyelesaian kasus hukum harta bersama di Peradilan Agama. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan sosio-historis dan tidak hanya menggunakan rujukan dari buku serta jurnal ilmiah, tetapi juga dari dokumen resmi peraturan perundangan dalam UU Perkawinan, KHI serta Mahkamah Agung. Dalam tulisan ini disimpulkan bahwa harta bersama sudah mempunyai posisi legal dalam UU Perkawinan dan KHI serta diterapkan secara nasional. Dalam logika hukum ini, harta yang didapatkan selama pernikahan menjadi milik bersama. Dalam praktiknya, hak keduanya akan terbagi jika berada di dua kondisi, pertama ketika suami dan istri memasukkan formasi pembagian sendiri dalam perjanjian pernikahan dan kedua ketika salah satu dari pasangan tersebut mengajukan gugatan harta kekayaan baik lewat pengadilan atau tidak. Keputusan yang berdasarkan kontribusi kualitatif ternyata lebih dominan dalam sejarah penyelesaian perselisihan harta bersama di Indonesia.]
Differing Responses to Western Hermeneutics: A Comparative Critical Study of M. Quraish Shihab’s and Muḥammad ‘Imāra’s Thoughts
Authors: Syamsuddin Sahiron
Published: June 2022

This article deals with Muslim scholars’ responses to Western hermeneutics and its application to the Qur’an. It focuses on the thoughts of two thinkers, i.e. M. Quraish Shihab from Indonesia and Muḥammad ‘Imāra from Egypt, and discusses them in a comparative critical way. On the basis of the available data, its author comes to the following conclusions. First, the two scholars have different receptions of the Western hermeneutics. While ‘Imāra rejects it totally only because it is rooted in the Western tradition that is different from the Islamic tradition, Shihab accepts it with some considerations on the basis that it can widen horizons of Qur’an interpreters, so that they might understand the Qur’an in a more careful way. Second, ‘Imāra’s arguments for his rejection of it are not strong enough, and even constitute misunderstandings of hermeneutical theories, whereas Shihab’s arguments can be considered more plausible, even though in some cases he does not give enough elaborations. Third, these responses have a certain impact on the dynamics of hermeneutical approaches in Indonesia. [Artikel ini membahas respon ilmuwan muslim mengenai ilmu hermeneutik barat dan penerapannya pada Qur’an. Tulisan ini fokus pada dua pemikir muslim yaitu M. Quraish Shihab dari Indonesia dan Muḥammad ‘Imāra asal Mesir serta mendiskusikannya dalam kerangka perbandingan kritis. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pertama, dua ilmuwan tersebut berbeda dalam penerimaan hermeneutik barat. ‘Imāra menolak sepenuhnya karena berakar pada tradisi barat, sedangkan Shihab menerimanya dengan beberapa pertimbangan selama dapat memperluas cakrawala penafsiran Qur’an dan dapat memahaminya dengan berhati-hati. Kedua, argumen penolakan yang diajukan ‘Imāra tidak cukup kuat dan kadang terdapat kesalahpahaman teoritikal, sedangkan argumen Shihab lebih masuk akal, walaupun dalam beberapa bagian ia tidak memberikan penjelasan lebih lanjut. Ketiga, kedua respon ilmuwan tersebut mempunyai dampak signifikan pada dinamika pendekatan hermeneutik di Indonesia.]