bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Two Novel Viruses of the Willow-Carrot Aphid, Cavariella aegopodii
Authors: Jiao Gaoyang , Ye Zhuangxin , Feng Kehui , Zhang Chuanxi , Chen Jianping , Li Junmin , He Yujuan
Published: June 2024

The advancement of bioinformatics and sequencing technology has resulted in the identification of an increasing number of new RNA viruses. This study systematically identified the RNA virome of the willow-carrot aphid, Cavariella aegopodii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), using metagenomic sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. C. aegopodii is a sap-sucking insect widely distributed in Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia. The deleterious effects of C. aegopodii on crop growth primarily stem from its feeding activities and its role as a vector for transmitting plant viruses. The virome includes Cavariella aegopodii virga-like virus 1 (CAVLV1) and Cavariella aegopodii iflavirus 1 (CAIV1). Furthermore, the complete genome sequence of CAVLV1 was obtained. Phylogenetically, CAVLV1 is associated with an unclassified branch of the Virgaviridae family and is susceptible to host antiviral RNA interference (RNAi), resulting in the accumulation of a significant number of 22nt virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). CAIV1, on the other hand, belongs to the Iflaviridae family, with vsiRNAs ranging from 18 to 22 nt. Our findings present a comprehensive analysis of the RNA virome of C. aegopodii for the first time, offering insights that could potentially aid in the future control of the willow-carrot aphid.
Comparison between Carprofen and Meloxicam for Post-Neutering Pain Management in Pet Rabbits
Authors: Serpieri Matteo , Ottino Chiara , Bonaffini Giuseppe , Banchi Penelope , Quaranta Giuseppe , Mauthe von Degerfeld Mitzy
Published: June 2024

Surgical neutering in pet rabbits is common practice to prevent reproduction and associated health issues. Adequate postoperative pain management is crucial for recovery, yet effective methods in clinical settings remain underexplored. This study compared the analgesic effects of carprofen and meloxicam in pet rabbits undergoing surgical neutering. Fifty rabbits of varied demographics were included, with pain assessed using the Centro Animali Non Convenzionali Rabbit Scale (CANCRS). Rabbits were allocated to receive postoperative 2 mg kg−1 carprofen or 1 mg kg−1 meloxicam by subcutaneous injection. Anesthesia was induced with an intramuscular combination of ketamine (20 mg kg−1), medetomidine (0.4 mg kg−1), and butorphanol (0.2 mg kg−1), and ovariectomy or orchiectomy were performed. The CANCRS scale was used to assess pain by evaluating the rabbit preoperatively, 6 h postoperatively, and at three time points the following day. Times of return to spontaneous feeding and fecal production were also recorded. No statistically significant difference was found between treatment groups based on CANCRS scores and resumption of food intake and fecal output. No clinically detectable adverse effects were noted. While limitations include the use of a single pain assessment scale and the absence of a placebo control group, the results suggest that both carprofen and meloxicam can be viable options in clinical practice. Further research utilizing diverse pain assessment methods is warranted to enhance understanding and optimize pain management strategies for rabbits undergoing surgical procedures.
Modelling Trends in Urban Flood Resilience towards Improving the Adaptability of Cities
Authors: Xu Wenping , Cai Xinyan , Yu Qimeng , Proverbs David , Xia Ting
Published: June 2024

Urban flooding is one of the main challenges affecting sustainable urban development worldwide, threatening the safety and well-being of communities and citizens. The aim of this study is to assess the development and trends in urban flood resilience at the city scale, as well as to improve the resilience of cities to these risks over time. The study constructs a model for assessing urban flood resilience that incorporates economic, social, ecological, and managerial aspects and assesses them through a range of indicators identified in the literature. The comprehensive evaluation model of Network Analysis Method–Entropy Weight Method–The Distance between Excellent and Inferior Solutions (ANP-EWM-TOPSIS) was used to empirically investigate the flood resilience characteristics of Nanjing from 2010 to 2021. There are two main findings of the study: firstly, the flood resilience of Nanjing gradually improves over time, as the economic flood resilience steadily increases, while the social, ecological, and management flood resilience decreases; and secondly, during the study period, barriers caused by economic and regulatory factors in Nanjing decreased by 33.75% and 23.72%, respectively, while barriers caused by social and ecological factors increased by 32.69% and 24.68%, respectively. The novelty of this study is the introduction of a “barrier degree” model, which identifies and highlights barriers and obstacles to improving urban flood resilience and provides new insights into improving urban flood resilience at the city scale.
Spatiotemporal Assessment of Water Pollution for Beira Lake, Sri Lanka
Authors: Prasad Sangeeth , Wei Yuansong , Chaminda Tushara , Ritigala Tharindu , Yu Lijun , Jinadasa K. B. S. N. , Wasana H. M. S. , Indika Suresh , Yapabandara Isuru , Hu Dazhou , Makehelwala Madhubhashini , Weragoda Sujithra K. , Zhu Jianfeng , Zhang Zongke
Published: June 2024

Beira Lake, located in Colombo, Sri Lanka, has suffered severe anthropogenic impacts, with previous restoration attempts failing due to a limited understanding of pollutant dynamics. Aiming to fill this gap, a comprehensive study was conducted during dry and wet seasons to assess the spatiotemporal water pollution of Beira Lake, employing key physicochemical parameters, numerical indices, and remote sensing analysis. The water pollution index (WPI) results categorize Beira Lake as highly polluted, with WPI values ranging from 2.38 ± 0.92 in the wet season to 2.53 ± 1.32 in the dry season. Comparatively higher COD levels recorded in the Beira Lake network, especially for Gangarama Lake show significant pollution levels during both the dry and wet seasons, e.g., the highest COD levels, at 306.40 mg/L, were observed during the wet season. The Trophic State Index (TSI) results indicate eutrophic and hypereutrophic conditions in Beira Lake, which are particularly pronounced during the wet season. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) results suggest elevated heavy metal concentrations in Beira Lake, especially in the wet season. Combined with field investigation results, a remote sensing data analysis between 2016 and 2023 reveals significant improvements in water transparency, suggesting positive effects of recent management interventions. Parameters demanding attention include COD, nitrate, and total phosphate levels due to their consistent exceedance of permissible limits. The PCA results of indices correlations between wet and dry seasons offer valuable insights into the complex dynamics of Beira Lake’s water quality. The study makes recommendations for restoring Beira Lake, including stringent pollution controls, regular dredging, green infrastructure implementation, implementing new rules and regulations, and community engagement.
Using the AIEM and Radarsat-2 SAR to Retrieve Bare Surface Soil Moisture
Authors: Yin Chengshen , Liu Quanming , Zhang Yin
Published: June 2024

Taking the Jiefangzha irrigation area of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the research area, the response relationships between the backscattering coefficient and radar frequency, radar incidence angle, root-mean-square height, correlation length, and soil water content under different conditions were simulated using advanced integral equations. The backscattering characteristics of exposed surfaces in cold and dry irrigation areas were discussed, and the reasons for the different effects were analyzed. Based on this, surface roughness models and statistical regression moisture inversion models were constructed through co-polarized backscatter coefficients and combined surface roughness. The correlation between the inverted surface roughness values and the measured values was R2 = 0.7569. The correlation between the soil moisture simulation values and the measured values was R2 = 0.8501, with an RMSE of 0.04. The findings showed a strong correlation between the values from the regression simulation and the measured data, indicating that the model can be applied to soil moisture inversion and has a good inversion accuracy. Compared with previous studies in the same area, the inversion model proposed in this paper has a higher accuracy and is more suitable for the inversion of soil moisture in the Jiefangzha irrigation area. These findings can support research on the water cycle and water environment assessment in the region.
A Unique Object from the 10th-Century Transylvanian Basin: The Mount Ornamented Sabretache of Grave No. 25 in Cluj-Napoca-Plugarilor Street
Authors:   “Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, Gáll Erwin , Nagy Szabolcs ,   National History Museum of Transylvania, Bindea Diana ,   National History Museum of Transylvania
Published: June 2024

To the southeast of the Roman town of Napoca, 26 graves from the 10th century were discovered during the excavation of a Roman-period cemetery between 1985 and 1986. In the southern, slanted part of the funerary site, the individual of grave 25, the richest and most varied depositions and the only horse burial in the cemetery, was excavated. The most important object of the tomb’s very varied grave goods material is clearly the leather sabretache, which was ornamented with different types and sizes of mounts by the masters/leather craftsmen of the 10th century. Based on the available data, the sabretache, decorated with mounts, was not placed horizontally in the grave, but obliquely, at an angle of 45 degrees on the leg of the deceased person. Based on the structural and typological analysis of the mounts, the Cluj-Napoca mount ornamented sabretache shows a connection with the sabretaches of the Upper Tisza region and southern Poland and we can state that we do not know an identical analogy of the mounts on the sabretache from Cluj, so up to the present day, it is a unique piece. The traces of wear and repairs on the mounts of the Cluj-Napoca sabretache clearly indicate its long-term use. The signs of wear on the central mount of the sabretache and the biological age of the skeleton (60–65 years) indicate not only the lengthy use of the sabretache, but taking into account the above observations, they also confirm their placement in the grave in the second half of the 10th century. Based on the 14C samples’ results taken from the 60–65-year-old man and the horse sacrificed (4–5 years old), as well as the typochronological analysis of the finds, and the radiocarbon samples taken from the other six graves in the cemetery, grave 25 was most likely dug in the second half of the 10th century, approximately in the years 960–990. This also means that the life course of the senilis man, based on the available scientific researches, had begun around the years 910–930 and, which is at least as important, he was probably born in the vicinity of Cluj-Napoca.
Modelo TPACK y Competencias Lingüísticas en estudiantes de la especialidad de inglés
Authors: Mañaccasa Vásquez María Soledad , Garvich Ormeño Angie Marlene , Torres Granados Aída Carmen
Published: June 2024

Los procesos educativos actuales se caracterizan por el uso de las tecnologías y de modelos pedagógicos para ayudar a adquirir las competencias. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre el Modelo TPACK y las Competencias Lingüísticas en estudiantes de la especialidad de inglés de la Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, en Lima, Perú. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicada y de nivel correlacional, no experimental y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 89 estudiantes de la especialidad de inglés de la Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, en Lima-Perú, en el año 2023. En cuanto a la técnica de recolección de información se utilizó la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario, el cual se elaboró con 25 ítems para la variable modelo TPACK y 25 ítems para la variable competencias lingüísticas. Se concluye que existe relación entre el modelo TPACK y las competencias lingüísticas en estos educandos, con un coeficiente de correlación positiva alta de Rho de Spearman (r = 0,648); así como con la dimensión gramatical, fonológico, semántico, léxico y pragmático.
INTERVENSI TERHADAP CAPAIAN IDENTITAS MATERNAL PADA IBU POSTPARTUM DENGAN BAYI PREMATUR: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS
Authors: Mangkuayu Cluny Martina , Afiyanti Yati , Rachmawati Imami Nur
Published: June 2024

Pencapaian identitas maternal merupakan tahap akhir dari pencapaian peran maternal seorang ibu. Intervensi terhadap capaian identitas maternal penting bagi seorang Ibu untuk menjalani perannya. Bayi prematur berisiko mengganggu pencapaian identitas maternal dan kondisi bayi merupakan salah satu aspek yang dapat memengaruhi pencapaian identitas maternal ibu. Tujuan systematic review ini untuk mengidentifikasi intervensi yang dapat mendukung pencapaian identitas maternal pada Ibu postpartum dengan bayi prematur. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic review melalui penelusuran literatur pada beberapa database yaitu ProQuest, Scopus, science direct, Pubmed dan Sage journal menggunakan metode PRISMA. Hasil pencarian didapatkan 145 artikel, setelah dianalisis lebih lanjut dihasilkan 10 artikel dengan metode RCT dan Quasi Eksperimen. Intervensi yang bisa digunakan untuk mendukung pencapaian identitas maternal adalah intervensi dalam bentuk konseling, pelatihan, edukasi suportif, follow up meliputi konseling dan edukasi berbasis digital, edukasi, intervensi sensitivitas orang tua melalui edukasi dan video demonstrasi langsung, edukasi secara virtual melalui aplikasi, dukungan teori dan praktek dengan model PRECEDE-PROCEDE. Proses dalam merawat bayi akan lebih mudah jika ibu telah mencapai identitas maternal secara optimal melalui pencapaian beberapa komponen pendukung yaitu peningkatan adaptasi maternal (p=0.001), penurunan kecemasan (p<0.001), peningkatan harga diri ibu (p<0.001), penurunan tingkat stress ibu (p<0.001), peningkatan ikatan ibu dan bayi (p<0.001), peningkatan self efficacy (p=0.000), peningkatan kepercayaan diri ibu (p<0.001), peningkatan kompetensi ibu (p=0.000), peningkatan kepuasan ibu dalam menjalani peran (p<0.001), peningkatan resiliensi ibu (p=0.000).
Heart Failure and Edema Costs in Patiromer and Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate Users
Authors: Kleinman Nathan , Kammerer Jennifer , Thakar Charuhas
Published: June 2024

Key Points

Prior research suggests differences in rates of heart failure hospitalization or serious emergency department visits between patients on patiromer versus sodium zirconium cyclosilicate.

Total costs of heart failure–related hospitalizations and emergency department visits may be lower in patients on patiromer compared with sodium zirconium cyclosilicate.

Background

Previous work suggested differences between patients taking patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) in real-world risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and edema hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits (edema events). We further investigated these differences to assess economic importance. Retrospective study using published event rates and mean costs derived from Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database.

Methods

We designed a model to estimate adjusted economic offsets that combined respective patiromer and SZC HF hospitalization (25.1 and 35.8; difference 10.7 [95% confidence interval (CI)2, 2.6 to 18.8]) and edema event (3.4 and 7.1; difference 3.6 [95% CI, 1.7 to 7.1]) rates/100 person-years from the original published work with costs from our parallel data extract spanning 2019–2021, adjusted to 2021 US dollars.

Results

In a base case of mean HF hospitalization, edema event, and 30-count potassium-binder prescription costs from our data extract, the estimated mean savings with patiromer was $1428 per person per year (95% CI, −$1508 to $4652). Respective costs per person per year for patiromer versus SZC were $8526 versus $12,622 (difference $4096 [95% CI, $116 to $7320]) for HF hospitalization and edema events, and $10,649 versus $7981 (difference −$2668) for potassium binders, totaling $19,175 for patiromer versus $20,603 for SZC.

Conclusions

With differing drug costs, hospitalization and ED costs offset this difference when event rates were numerically small. Model outcomes were driven by HF hospitalization cost and least influenced by edema ED visit cost. A limitation was that the Clinformatics Data Mart data extract may differ from the original work.
Integrando Polícia Militar e Corpo de Bombeiros: estratégias para atendimento eficiente em acidentes com múltiplas vítimas em centros urbanos
Authors: Bail Omar , Lazarotto Adriano Cristiano
Published: June 2024

O artigo apresenta uma metodologia multifacetada que integra revisão bibliográfica e a proposição de diretrizes para melhorar a resposta em acidentes com múltiplas vítimas em áreas urbanas de tráfego intenso. Iniciando com uma revisão abrangente da literatura sobre atendimento pré-hospitalar (APH), triagem, controle de tráfego e escolta policial para ambulâncias, o estudo baseou-se em normas técnicas e acadêmicas para fundamentar suas propostas. A partir dessas informações, foram propostas o estabelecimento de diretrizes específicas para a integração entre a Polícia Militar e o Corpo de Bombeiros do Paraná, incluindo Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão (POPs) para treinamento conjunto, triagem de vítimas, controle de tráfego e escolta de ambulâncias. A triagem, destacada pelo método START, é essencial para priorizar vítimas em situações de recursos limitados, garantindo que os cuidados sejam direcionados conforme a urgência. Além disso, o controle eficaz do tráfego e o isolamento do local do acidente são cruciais para permitir um acesso rápido e seguro das equipes de resgate. A escolta eficiente de ambulâncias, coordenada por batedores policiais, é vital para reduzir o tempo de deslocamento e melhorar os prognósticos dos pacientes. Por fim o artigo propõe uma atuação conjunta entre a Polícia Militar e o Corpo de Bombeiros em grandes centros urbanos, com a criação de POPs para garantir uma resposta coordenada e eficiente em emergências. A integração das forças e a definição clara de procedimentos visam aprimorar a preparação e a capacidade de resposta das autoridades, assegurando um atendimento eficaz e a maximização das chances de sobrevivência em acidentes com múltiplas vítimas.
التكييف الفقهي لحساب الذهب المصرفي
Authors: الصالح علي
Published: June 2024

فكرة البحث الرئيسة بيان التكييف الفقهي لحساب الذهب المصرفي بدراسة العلاقة بين المصرف والعميل، وتكمن أهمية البحث في خدمة القطاع المصرفي الإسلامي من خلال التأصيل الفقهي لأحد منتجاته لا سيما مع إقبال كثير من الناس على تداول الذهب عبر المنصات الإلكترونية، وتتمثل إشكالية البحث في دراسة حكم تداول الذهب مع الاكتفاء بتقييده في حساب العميل دون قبض حقيقي أو مع وجود فاصل زماني بينه وبين القبض الحقيقي. ويهدف البحث إلى بيان أثر تقييد الذهب في الحساب المصرفي في تحقق القبض، وإلى استنتاج التكييف الفقهي لحساب الذهب المصرفي مع توضيح العلاقة بين المصرف والعميل، وإلى استنباط حكم إنشاء وتداول الذهب عبر حساب الذهب المصرفي، سالكا المنهج الاستقرائي باستقراء أحكام قبض الذهب وكلام الفقهاء في بيان مقصد تشريعه، والمنهج الوصفي بتوصيف طريقة إنشاء حساب الذهب المصرفي وكيفية التداول من خلاله، والمنهج التحليلي بتفكيك العمليات المنعقدة في حساب الذهب ودراستها، ثم استنباط تكييفه الفقهي، وحكم التداول من خلاله. ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحث إباحة إنشاء حساب الذهب المصرفي وتداول الذهب من خلاله لاستناده إلى عقود مباحة في الفقه الإسلامي، إذ يرى الباحث أن إيداع الذهب في حسابات الذهب المصرفية يعتبر قبضا حكميا صحيحا بشروط أربعة وهي: كون منشئ الحساب مصرفا. وتمكين المشتري من قبض الذهب فعليا متى شاء. وتعيين الذهب برقم أو علامة يتميز بها. ودخوله في ضمان المشتري فور تقييده بالحساب. ويرى الباحث أن التكييف الفقهي لحساب الذهب المصرفي ثنائي الأطراف أنه مجموع من عقد صرف وعقد وديعة، وأن التكييف الفقهي لحساب الذهب المصرفي ثلاثي الأطراف أنه عقد وكالة بأجر.
اختلاف ألفاظ الروايتين المؤثر أو تقاربهما وأثر ذلك في نقد أحدهما أو عدهما حديثين وتطبيقات ذلك عند النقاد
Authors: العتيبي محمد زايد
Published: June 2024

تدور الفكرة الرئيسة للبحث حول قضية من قضايا علم الحديث التي لها أثر في إعلال بعض المرويات أو تصويبها، وهي تتعلق بتقارب الألفاظ واختلافها، وقد جعلت عنوان البحث «اختلاف ألفاظ الروايتين المؤثر أو تقاربهما وأثر ذلك في نقد أحدهما أو عدهما حديثين وتطبيقات ذلك عند النقاد». وتبرز أهمية البحث في التعرف على قرائن التعليل من خلال استعمالات وتطبيقات النقاد، ويهدف إلى بيان دقة منهجية النقاد واحتياطهم للسنة النبوية. وتتمثل إشكاليته في أن تصرف بعض الرواة في بعض المتون سواء كان متعمدا أو خطأ يعد إشكالية كبرى لهذه المسألة؛ فما قد يعد اختلافًا قد يكون تصرفًا من بعض الرواة في حديث واحد، وما قد يعد تقاربا قد يرد في حديثين مستقلين، فما الكيفية التي يمكن بها حل هذه الإشكالية؟ ويهدف البحث إلى بيان دقة منهجية النقاد واحتياطهم للسنة النبوية، وذلك من خلال جمع الأمثلة التطبيقية وتحليلها لبيان أثر اختلاف الألفاظ وتقاربها في حكمهم على الحديث. وقد اقتضت طبيعة البحث أن أسلك المنهج الاستقرائي الناقص، والمنهج التحليلي؛ باستقراء بعض نصوص العلماء، وتحليلها؛ لبيان أثر اختلاف وتقارب الألفاظ في إعلال الحديث. ويستخلص من نتائج البحث أنه ليس هناك قاعدة مطردة ولا حكمٌ عامٌ، فليس كل اختلاف سواء أكان في الألفاظ أم في المعاني يعد قرينة لعدهما حديثين مستقلين، ومن النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث أن بعض المتأخرين توسع في مسألة الاختلاف حتى صححوا أحاديث أعلها النقاد، بل لم أجد مثالا للمتأخرين في استخدام هذه القرينة إلا ويكون الاختلاف غير صحيح أو حديثا أعله النقاد.
Private Quran Memorization Centers For Children, Girls, And Women In the State of Qatar -Establishment, Effects And Challenges
Authors: Farhat Muhammad Iqbal , Farhat Amina Muhammad Iqbal
Published: June 2024

Research Idea: This research aims to explore the history of the private Quranic schools (QS) for women and children in the state of Qatar, their educational curricula, teaching methods, and the educational and evaluative tools they employ to achieve their objectives. The importance of research in the topic of the Holy Quran lies in the significant and central role played by private Quran memorization centers. The research problem lies in answering the question about the quality of the means and the educational and evaluative methods employed by these centers to achieve their objectives. This research aims to elucidate the effects resulting from the emergence of (QS) and the most significant obstacles they encounter. The researchers used a descriptive-analytical approach, which involved describing the phenomenon of Quranic memorization in various private centers dedicated to women and children in the state of Qatar. The main results of this research are the importance of connecting the younger generation and women to the Holy Quran in terms of its recitation, memorization and interpretation. The researchers believe that it is important to spread the culture of endowment in building Quranic centers (QC) instead of the mere reliance on governmental ones, and that private (QC) should not be restricted to memorizing the Quran. Rather, they have toS be teaching Islamic values and culture through diversifying the projects implemented by those centers.
Integrating Resilience Considerations into English Language Teaching in the Context of Climate Change
Authors: Uma P
Published: June 2024

This article explores the integration of resilience considerations into English Language Teaching (ELT) within the context of climate change. It emphasizes the critical intersection of ELT with climate change education and delineates strategies for incorporating resilience-focused approaches into language learning curricula. By examining the importance of resilience in addressing climate challenges, the article highlights key components and urgent calls for collective action. It delineates opportunities for integrating climate change topics into language learning, promoting critical thinking, global citizenship, and empathy among learners. Despite challenges such as diverse learner needs and language barriers, educators are encouraged to navigate these obstacles creatively. Through inclusive teaching practices and authentic learning experiences, ELT can empower learners to become informed advocates for environmental resilience and sustainability. This article underscores the educational imperative of integrating resilience into ELT, fostering a resilient future for generations to come.
Ecological Resilience in the Anthropocene: A Case Study of Netflix Series Kaala Paani and its Environmental Narrative in Trauma Studies
Authors: Premkumar J
Published: June 2024

Ecological resilience is a concept within ecology that refers to the ability of an ecosystem to absorb disturbances, recover from those disturbances, and adapt to changing conditions while maintaining its essential structure, function, and feedbacks. In simpler terms, it’s the capacity of an ecosystem to bounce back and persist in the face of changes or shocks. Key features of ecological resilience include Ecological resilience is often considered in the context of the Anthropocene, which is the current geological era characterized by significant human impact on the Earth’s geology and ecosystems. Human activities, such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change, can challenge the resilience of ecosystems.
Pari, Pegan and Athigan (The Seven Great Patrons) as Deep Ecologists
Authors: Snehajansi D
Published: June 2024

This paper attempts to study Pari, Pegan, Athigan, the seven chieftains or patrons as deep ecologists. Pari, Pegan, Athigan were the chieftains who ruled some parts of Tamilnadu in Sangam Age. Mentions of their generosity can be found in all sangam literary texts, the paper studies the work called Sirupanarttupadai, one of the idylls in Ten Idylls (Pathupattu). Ecocriticism is the study of the relationship between literature and ecology. It analyzes literary texts to find out the representation of nature in it. This paper studies the chieftains’ acts of benevolence as Deep Ecologist acts, based on the principle of Deep Ecology by Arne Naess who is one of the major proponents of philosophical Deep Ecology movement. It results in finding the deep ecologist ideas behind those chieftains’ acts of generosity, which have been considered mere acts of kindness rather than an attempt to safeguard nature. The study could bring the light of how the Tamil culture and literature promoted nature conservation, which can be used to educate today’s naturally degenerating world about their mindless acts.
Information System for Discipline Customer Data Management of Web-Based SMK Swata Satria Bingai Students Using the Unified Modelling Languange (UML) Method
Authors: Tarigan Nalsalina , E. Panggabean Tongam , Alamsyah Reza
Published: June 2024

Dalam penulisan penelitian ini, penulis melakukan peneltian bagaimana proses pelanggaran dan poin yang diberikan kepada siswa siswinya karena SMK Swasta Satria Bingai merupakan sekolah ternama. Sekolah tersebut memiliki peraturan dan tingkat kedisiplinan yang kuat terhadap siswa siswinya, barang siapa yang terlambat atau melakukan pelanggaran maka pihak sekolah akan melakukan tindakan sanksi tegas agar siswa siswinya tidak akan mengulangi perbuatannya itu. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas siswa siswinya diperlukan informasi dan data yang akurat secara terkomputerisasi. Permasalahan yang ada yaitu kesuliatan dalam menentukan besarnya poin siswa dalam setiap melakukan pelanggaran, terjadinya kesalahan dalam pencatatan poin siswa yang melanggar, salah dalam perhitungan poin siswa dan tidak tersedianya database untuk menyimpannya. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode wawancara, kepustakaan, observasi dan membangun sistem menggunakan metode waterfall. Penulis juga menggunakan metode perancangan berbasis object oriented seperti UML (Unified Modeling Language). Untuk perancangan sistem yang akan di buat digunakan relasi table dan ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram). Hasil penelitian yang di lakukan oleh penulis di harapkan dapat membantu sekolah SMK Swasta Satria Bingai dapat mendidik siswa siswinya lebih baik lagi.
Implementation of the Internet of Things on Controlling and Monitoring the Drying of Rice Grain
Authors: Insan Fariq Maulana , Witanti Arita
Published: June 2024

Pertanian memegang peranan penting dalam perekonomian dan menjadi mata pencaharian utama penduduk, terutama di daerah pedesaan. Untuk mencapai hasil terbaik dalam usahatani, diperlukan perlakuan khusus melalui empat tahapan utama: waktu dan penyiapan lahan, penanaman dan pemeliharaan tanaman, pemanenan, dan pengolahan pasca panen. Salah satu proses penting dalam pengolahan pasca panen adalah pengeringan gabah, yang tujuannya adalah untuk mengurangi kadar air agar dapat diproses lebih lanjut atau disimpan dalam jangka panjang. Penelitian ini berupaya mengatasi tantangan umum yang dihadapi petani, seperti gangguan hewan pemakan beras dan ketidakpastian cuaca selama proses pengeringan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan sistem ini adalah metode prototype, yang memungkinkan pengembangan aplikasi dan evaluasi pengguna secara cepat. Dalam fase pengembangan, kami memanfaatkan Arduino NodeMCU sebagai pengontrol utama yang menerima data dari berbagai sensor. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sensor DHT11 menunjukkan kesalahan dalam pembacaan suhu, dengan perbedaan berkisar antara 1,20°C hingga 2,80°C, dan akurasi pengukuran suhu berkisar antara 90,67% hingga 95,86%. Persentase kesalahan dihitung menggunakan rumus PE=(selisih data/nilai termometer)X100. Selanjutnya sensor PIR berhasil mendeteksi pergerakan ayam dalam jarak kurang dari 2,5 meter dalam 16 dari 30 pengujian, sedangkan 14 pengujian lainnya gagal mendeteksi pergerakan. Melalui penerapan sistem ini diharapkan dapat membantu petani dalam mengoptimalkan proses pengeringan padi, memanfaatkan sinar matahari secara efisien, menghemat waktu dan tenaga, serta menghindari gangguan dari hewan pemakan beras. Sistem ini dapat diakses melalui internet (IoT), memungkinkan pemantauan dan kontrol online yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi praktis bagi petani untuk meningkatkan hasil pertaniannya.Pertanian, NodeMCU, Internet off Things, Arduino.
Beneficiari del trust e azione revocatoria: quale litisconsorzio? Alcune riflessioni ed un (provvisorio) punto della situazione
Authors: Scotton Massimiliano
Published: June 2024

Tesi
Il binomio beneficiari del trust e litisconsorzio nell’azione revocatoria è stato affrontato dalla dottrina e dalla giurisprudenza interna attribuendo prevalenza alla dimensione del dato processuale a discapito di quello sostanziale, giungendo, sovente, a sottovalutare la portata del rapporto sostanziale, così come conformato dalla legge straniera, ed a sminuire, per l’effetto, la posizione dei beneficiari, soprattutto se vested in interest o contingent.
Il contributo si pone l’obiettivo di riportare il focus sul fatto istitutivo del trust da “attualizzarsi”, come insegnato da autorevole dottrina, e da cui non si può prescindere, nemmeno in sede processuale, per concludere dimostrando come i beneficiari siano, sempre e comunque, litisconsorti necessari nel giudizio revocatorio.
The author’s view
The combination of trust beneficiaries and litisconsortium in the revocation action has been addressed by giving precedence to the procedural dimension to the detriment of the substantive one, often going so far as to underestimate the scope of the substantive relationship, as shaped by foreign law, and, as a result, to downplay the position of the beneficiaries, especially if vested in interest or contingent.
The contribution aims to bring the focus back to the constitutive fact of the trust to be “actualized”, as taught by authoritative doctrine, and which cannot be disregarded at trial, concluding by showing how the beneficiaries are, always and in any case, necessary litigants in the revocation proceedings.
Sulla necessaria identificabilità di una somma posta a garanzia di un contratto (Hong Kong, Hip Hing Construction Company Ltd v Hong Kong Airlines Ltd, 2024)
Authors: Napolitano Elena
Published: June 2024

Massima
La clausola standard di trattenuta di una somma da parte del committente, prevista da un contratto per la costruzione di un centro di addestramento per l’aviazione di Hong Kong, pur essendo idonea a dimostrare l’intenzione di istituire un trust su tale somma, non lo ha effettivamente fatto venire in esistenza perchè la somma posta a titolo di garanzia fiduciaria non era mai stata versata sul conto bancario destinato né, tantomeno, segregata rispetto al patrimonio dell’appaltatore, venendo così meno la seconda fra le tre certezze.
Validità della citazione in giudizio del trust in persona del trustee (Trib. Alessandria, 4 novembre 2023)
Authors: Galanti Lucilla
Published: June 2024

Massima
L’atto di citazione proposto per ottenere una sentenza che produca gli effetti del contratto non concluso ex art. 2932 cod. civ. è utilmente notificato al trust in persona del trustee, in quanto, sebbene il trust sia privo di personalità giuridica, l’utilizzo di una simile formula non può ingenerare alcun ragionevole dubbio su chi sia il soggetto realmente convenuto, cioè il trustee.
Opposizione ex art. 404 cod. proc. civ. del terzo beneficiario in caso di trust gratuito (Trib. Nola, 26 ottobre 2023)
Authors: Morotti Marco
Published: June 2024

Massima
La pronuncia che revoca ex art. 2901 cod. civ. la vendita di beni intercorsa fra genitori, in qualità di venditori, e figlia, in qualità di acquirente, travolge di per sé il conferimento di quegli stessi beni che la figlia ha poi effettuato in favore di un trust avente natura gratuita. Deve essere quindi rigettata l’opposizione di terzo ex art. 404 cod. proc. civ. proposta dal beneficiario del trust avverso tale pronuncia, posto che la gratuità del trust rende superflua ex art. 2901, comma 4, cod. civ. ogni indagine sulla cronologia della trascrizione del trust e dell’azione revocatoria ordinaria.
La vocatio in ius del trustee nelle azioni revocatorie (Trib. Termini Imerese, 14 novembre 2023)
Authors: Scanavino Francesca
Published: June 2024

Massima
L’azione revocatoria ex art. 2901 cod. civ. avverso il conferimento in trust è utilmente esercitata se diretta nei confronti della persona fisica che riveste l’ufficio di trustee, a nulla rilevando l’omessa indicazione del suo ruolo.
L’azione revocatoria ex art. 2901 cod. civ. avverso il conferimento in trust è utilmente esercitata mediante l’indicazione dell’atto di conferimento da revocare, non essendo necessaria l’elencazione dei beni che ne formano oggetto.
È revocabile ex art. 2901 cod. civ. il conferimento in trust posto in essere da una società successivamente alla notifica di numerose cartelle esattoriali, riferite a ruoli formati ed emessi da diversi enti impositori sin da oltre dieci anni prima dell’istituzione del trust: l’eventus damni sussiste per non avere la disponente dimostrato la capienza del proprio patrimonio residuo, mentre la scientia damni in capo alla disponente, requisito soggettivo richiesto in considerazione della natura gratuita del trust, si desume dalle dichiarazioni rese in sede di interrogatorio formale dal trustee – amministratore della disponente –, il quale ha ammesso di conoscere l’esistenza di debiti erariali all’epoca del conferimento in trust.
Il potere di rectification del giudice negli ordinamenti di common law in caso di errore dell’avvocato (Canada, Slightam v Ag of Canada, 2023)
Authors: Recupero Edoardo
Published: June 2024

Tesi
Il giudice dell’Ontario può modificare l’atto istitutivo di un trust, attraverso il potere di rectification, per rimediare all’errore commesso da un avvocato in un progetto di pianificazione patrimoniale, non aderente alle intenzioni del disponente e dalle conseguenze fiscali indesiderate. Secondo la giurisprudenza della Supreme Court of Canada, l’esercizio di tale potere è possibile a condizione che le parti non intendano modificare il loro accordo ma solo l’atto che lo formalizza e che tale modifica non sia voluta per ottenere una pianificazione fiscale retroattiva.
Nel diritto italiano non esiste una norma equivalente al potere di rectification, che discende dall’equity, ma sono presenti due previsioni che permettono di giungere a un simile risultato. Il codice civile permette di rettificare l’errore in un contratto con l’intervento giudiziale e la legge notarile consente di correggere l’errore in un atto notarile senza che le parti debbano essere presenti.
The author’s view
The Ontario court may amend a trust deed, through the power of rectification, to remedy a lawyer's mistake in an estate planning project that did not reflect the settlor's intentions and had undesirable tax consequences. According to Supreme Court of Canada case law, the exercise of this power is possible provided that the parties do not intend to amend their agreement but only the instrument recording it and that such amendment is not sought to achieve retroactive tax planning.
In Italian law there is no equivalent rule to the power of rectification, which derives from equity, but there are two provisions that allow a similar result. The civil code allows the rectification of an error in a contract with judicial intervention and the notarial law allows the rectification of an error in a notarial deed without the requirement of the parties being present.
Controllo sul trustee e ruolo del guardiano
Authors: Angelucci Marta
Published: June 2024

Tesi
È sbagliato desumere il carattere simulato di un trust dal fatto che il guardiano sia una persona molto vicina al disponente o che, addirittura, coincida con il disponente stesso, ovvero che l’atto istitutivo subordini il compimento di determinati atti gestionali del trustee al parere vincolante del guardiano.
Tutto ciò, infatti, è da ritenersi del tutto normale se coerente con le finalità che il trust è chiamato a perseguire.
Il problema allora è concettuale e, prima ancora, culturale: se si parte dal preconcetto che l’elemento della segregazione faccia del trust uno strumento di elusione allora l’interpretazione di ogni cosa non potrà che risultare fuorviata.
The author’s view
It is wrong to infer the sham nature of a trust because the protector is a person very close to the settlor or even coincides with the settlor himself, or that the trust deed makes the accomplishment of certain management acts of the trustee subject to the binding opinion of the protector.
All this, in fact, is to be regarded as entirely normal if it is consistent with the purposes that the trust is intended to pursue.
Then, the problem is conceptual and, before that, cultural: if one assumes that the element of segregation makes the trust an instrument of avoidance, then the interpretation of everything can only be misguided.
Interesse delle generazioni future e tutela dei beneficiari non ancora nati né concepiti
Authors: Buffoni Marta
Published: June 2024

Tesi
Gli obblighi fiduciari discendenti dalla tutela costituzionale dell’interesse delle generazioni future possono avere implicazioni anche in materia di trust interno, con riguardo alle posizioni dei beneficiari non ancora nati né concepiti.
Se la loro sussistenza sostanziale appare già nitida, la tutela processuale richiede il rafforzamento del ruolo del giudice interno sul modello della inherent jurisdiction dei paesi d’origine.
The author’s view
The fiduciary obligations flowing from the constitutional protection of future generations’ interests may also have implications for domestic trusts with regard to the positions of beneficiaries not yet born or conceived.
If their substantive existence already appears clear, procedural protection requires strengthening the role of the domestic court on the model of the inherent jurisdiction of the countries of origin.
Sulla questione dei beneficiari litisconsorti necessari e il loro diritto a contraddire
Authors: Lo Sardo Ottavia Dora
Published: June 2024

Tesi
Il dibattito sorto intorno alla posizione processuale dei beneficiari, ed in particolare se essi siano litisconsorti necessari nelle controversie relative ai trust (come quelle derivanti dall’azione revocatoria), è di fondamentale importanza per la tutela degli interessi sostanziali e del giusto processo.
Secondo alcuni autori, la loro inclusione in tali giudizi è essenziale per garantire che i loro diritti sostanziali siano adeguatamente rappresentati e tutelati.
Altri, sottolineano la necessità di applicare la lex fori processuale, raccomandando che i beneficiari partecipino ai processi solo quando vi abbiano un legittimo interesse.
Là dove, invero, il litisconsorzio costituisce un limite alla libertà di agire in giudizio, se non altrimenti previsto dal legislatore o chiaramente imposto dall’esistenza di una situazione giuridica plurisoggettiva, non pare opportuno, configurare un litisconsorzio necessario tra trustee, disponente e beneficiari in assenza di una chiara qualificazione giuridica della loro posizione giuridica soggettiva e, dunque, della rilevanza degli interessi in gioco.
The author’s view
The issue of whether beneficiaries should be considered necessary joint parties in trust-related disputes is of paramount importance due to its implications for the protection of substantive interests and the fairness of legal proceedings. In this context, determining the participation rights of beneficiaries in legal actions, particularly revocation proceedings, directly impacts their ability to assert their rights and defend their interests.
Advocates for considering beneficiaries as necessary joint parties argue that their inclusion is essential to ensure that their substantive rights are adequately represented and protected during legal proceedings.
On the other hand, authors underling the need to apply the lex fori, suggesting that beneficiaries should participate in trials only when they can demonstrate a legitimate interest (art. 105 cod. proc. civ.).
Where the joinder of parties constitutes a limit to the freedom of action in legal proceedings, unless otherwise provided by the legislator or clearly imposed by the existence of a multi-party legal situation, it does not seem appropriate to configure a necessary joinder among trustees, settlors, and beneficiaries in the absence of a clear legal qualification of their subjective legal positions and, therefore, of the relevance of the interests at stake.
La riqualificazione del trust opaco in trust trasparente e gli obblighi di adeguata e corretta contabilità (CGT II grado, Lombardia, 20 settembre 2023)
Authors: Arienti Leonardo
Published: June 2024

Tesi
I trust identificati come opachi e soggetti passivi ai fini IRES possono essere riqualificati come trasparenti nel caso in cui, in concreto il trustee provveda a delle distribuzioni di reddito in violazione di quanto previsto dall’atto istitutivo.
Inoltre, i trust opachi aventi natura non commerciale e non esercenti alcuna attività di tipo commerciale non devono ritenersi normativamente onerati alla tenuta della contabilità ai sensi dell’art. 20, D.P.R. n. 600/1973, ma devono comunque adottare una corretta rappresentazione contabile della gestione dei beni in trust, essendo il trust un autonomo centro di imputazione economica e fiscale ai fini IRES.
The author’s view
Trusts identified as “opaque” and taxable for IRES purposes may be reclassified as “transparent” if, as a matter of fact, the trustee makes distributions of income in breach of the provisions of the trust deed.
Moreover, “opaque” trusts having a non-commercial nature and not involved in any commercial activity are not to be deemed to be obliged by law to keep business records pursuant to Article 20 of Italian Presidential Decree No. 600 of 1973 but such kind of trusts must nevertheless adopt a correct accounting representation of the management of the trust assets as the trust is an autonomous centre of economic and tax imputation for IRES purposes.
Il trust a servizio degli accordi di ristrutturazione e della transazione fiscale
Authors: Infantino Salvatore
Published: June 2024

Sunto
Il presente lavoro intende fornire un contributo al professionista che, nell’assistere l’azienda nelle scelte strategiche di finanza straordinaria, funzionali al risanamento, utilizzi lo strumento del trust. Come sperimentato dall’Autore nelle sue esperienze professionali, l’uso tempestivo dell’istituto nella fase precoce della crisi d’impresa aumenta le probabilità di successo del risanamento e della ristrutturazione del debito, consentendo la realizzazione della causa concreta del trust e il perseguimento di interessi di rilevanza generale.
آليات الحجاج اللغوية في ديوان ( أمجادنا تتكلم وقصائد أخرى) للشاعر مفدي زكريا (الاستفهام انموذجاً)
Authors: أ.د. صبيحة حسن طعيس
Published: June 2024

يعد الاستفهام من الآليات اللغوية المهمة في الحجاج لما يحمله من طاقة حجاجيه يمكن أن يستعملها المتكلم للتأثير في المتلقي والسيطرة على ذهنه وتسيير الخطاب تجاه ما يريده وليس ما يريده المتلقي، وهذه الطاقة تتأتى من الافتراضات الضمنية التي يحملها الاستفهام، وانطلاقاً من ذلك جاء هذا البحث لبيان أثر الاستفهام بوصفه من أهم الآليات اللغوية للحجاج وذلك بوساطة ما يحمله من افتراضات ضمنية في ديوان ( أمجادنا تتكلم وقصائد أخرى) للشاعر مفدي زكريا، وقد بني هذا البحث على مبحثين تسبقهما مقدمة وتتلوهما خاتمة، أول المبحثين كان وقفه تعريفية عند مصطلحي (الحجاج والاستفهام)، وأما ثانيهما فكان دراسة تطبيقية للافتراضات الضمنية التي كان الاستفهام حاملاً لها في الديوان آنف الذكر، وقد أفدت في كتابة هذا البحث من مصادر ومراجع لغوية متعددة اشتملت على كتب اللغة والنحو لعلماء قدماء ومحدثين فضلا عن المعجمات اللغوية.
التداعيات الاجتماعية لجائحة كورونا دراسة أنثروبولوجية في محافظة بغداد
Authors: شيماء عايد جاسم  , أ.م.د. ماجد علي مصطفى العنبكي
Published: June 2024

سعت هذه الدراسة إلى بيان أهم التداعيات الاجتماعية لجائحة كورونا على المجتمع العراقي, فقد بينا ما خلفته وستخلفه هذه الجائحة من تداعيات اجتماعية على الفرد والأسرة والمجتمع العراقي,  وكيف أثرت الجائحة في العلاقات والسلكيات, فقد تغيرت الكثير من العادات والسلوكيات الاجتماعية كعادات المصافحة والتقبيل, كذلك فقد قلت الزيارات بين الأقارب والأصدقاء, وتغيرت مراسيم الزواج والعزاء والدفن, كذلك بينا دور الأسرة العراقية خلال الجائحة وما هي الوظائف التي عادت إليها بعد أن كانت فقدتها قبل هذه الأزمة, وما تأثير الجائحة على تماسكها, وما الأسباب التي ادت ازدياد حالات الطلاق والعنف الأسري خلال الجائحة, وكما سعت الدراسة إلى بيان آثار الجائحة على قطاع التعليم, هذا القطاع المهم والذي يعتبر من أهم القطاعات في المجتمع, وكيف أثرت في تعليم ملايين الطلاب في المراحل الدراسية كافه, وقد اتخذنا من مدينة بغداد نموذجاَ للدراسة.
    وتقع هذه الدراسة فصلين : تناول الفصل الأول والذي يتكون من مبحثين إشكالية, وأهمية, وأهداف الدراسة, وأهم المفاهيم المتصلة بها, اما الفصل الثاني والذي يتكون من ثلاثة مباحث تطرق المبحث الاول فيه إلى منهجية الدراسة , اما المبحث الثاني فاحتوى على الدراسة الميدانية وقد درس بعض التداعيات الاجتماعية لجائحة كورونا, والمبحث الثالث النتائج والتوصيات.
موقف المرجعية الدينية من الانتخابات التشريعية في العراق 2005-2018 مرجعية السيد السيستاني انموذجاً
Authors: م. عبد الحميد شندي عوان  , أ.د. احمد كاظم البياتي
Published: June 2024

اصرت المرجعية الدينية العليا في النجف الأشرف متمثلة بآية الله العظمى السيد علي السيستاني على المقاومة السياسية باستخدام ذات السلاح الذي جاء به المحتل وهو نشر الديمقراطية، وقد وقفت المرجعية الدينية منذ البداية ضد منهجية التعيين من لدن سلطات الاحتلال، في تأسيس مجلس الحكم، و كتابة الدستور، وتشكيل الحكومة، وبينت أن كل شيء لابد  ان ينبثق من الإرادة الشعبية وعبر آلية الانتخابات العامة على الرغم من الظروف الصعبة التي كان يمر بها العراق آنذاك ودخلت في صراع شديد مع سلطة الائتلاف حتى تمكنت في نهاية المطاف من إجبارها على النزول عند رغبة الغالبية العظمى من أبناء الشعب العراقي. ان تأكيد  السيد السيستاني على الانتخابات كان لأسباب مبدئية أهمها عدم إعطاء أي مجال للديكتاتورية والتسلط، ولذلك رأى في الانتخابات هي الطريقة المثلى لتمكين الشعب العراقي من تشكيل حكومة ترعى مصالحه.ترى المرجعية إن دورها يعني الإشراف على شؤون المؤمنين الروحية والعبادية والاجتماعية، وهي تكليف وليس تشريفا، وهي قبل كل شيء مقام ديني اجتماعي وليست مركزا سياسيا اذ ان الانتخابات في نظر المرجعية ليس شأنا سياسيا فقط، بل هي شأن اجتماعي، والشأن الاجتماعي يدخل في دائرة اهتمامات المرجعية، وبحكم تصدر السيد السيستاني لمقام المرجعية الدينية فإنه يرى نفسه ملزما بالتعاطي في قضية الانتخابات، والتي يعتقد أنها الأساس المتين للعملية السياسية وللحياة الاجتماعية في أي مجتمع أو بلد.