bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global burden of viral skin diseases from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021
Authors: Li Deng , Chen Ming , Li Wei , Xu Xuewen , Li Qingfeng
Published: February 2025

Background

The scarcity of knowledge regarding the epidemiology and temporal patterns of viral skin diseases worldwide poses significant challenges to their control and management.

Methods

We analyzed the global incidence, prevalence, and age-standardized rates (ASR) of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for viral skin diseases in 2021. To examine temporal trends from 1990 to 2021, we employed the EPAC model, assessing changes by country, gender, age, Socio-demographic Index (SDI), and GBD regions. Additionally, we utilized the age-period-cohort (APC) model and the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model to forecast the burden of viral skin diseases for the next 25 years.

Results

In 2021, the global burden of viral skin diseases was estimated at 84.7 million incident cases, with a prevalence of over 130 million cases and 4.2 million DALYs. Males experienced a slightly higher ASR burden than females. The highest burden was observed among individuals aged 10 to 19, with significant geographical variations in cases and ASR, particularly in high SDI regions. Unexpected rises in incidence were noted in East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa in the detected period. Despite modest declines in ASPR and ASDR, the global ASIR displayed a significant upward trend.

Conclusion

Our study provides detailed data on the global impact of viral skin diseases from 1990 to 2021, highlighting the need for continuous surveillance and tailored interventions to manage and reduce the effects of these diseases. Targeted public health measures are essential to address and mitigate the global health burden of viral skin diseases.
Research on the selection of OTC drug supply chain sales models: based on medical insurance policy
Authors: Wei Heng , Liu Yueyang
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven a shift toward online medication purchases, prompting major pharmaceutical manufacturers to adopt a dual-channel strategy to enhance competitiveness. This paper examines model selection and pricing challenges for pharmaceutical manufacturers in China’s OTC drug supply chain across different dual-channel models. Our findings indicate that: (1) medical insurance policies significantly enhance profits for pharmaceutical manufacturers and offline retailers; (2) an online direct-selling model yields the highest profit for manufacturers; and (3) increased consumer acceptance of online channels does not necessarily boost demand. Numerical analysis verifies these findings.
Personality traits and digital challenges in Honduran adults: exploring the Dark and Light Triads’ influence on internet gaming disorder and technology-related conflicts
Authors: Mejía-Suazo Claudio J. , Landa-Blanco Miguel , Mejía-Suazo Gliver Aarón , Martínez-Martínez Carlos A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The present study analyzed the effects of Light and Dark Triad traits scores on Internet Gaming Disorder, intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts related to internet consumption, conflicts, and communicational emotional usage related to mobile phones. Light Triad traits include Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism. Dark Triad traits include Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy.

Methods

The sample consisted of 450 adults of the Honduran population, of which 55.33% were women, and 44.67% were men, with an average mean age of 25.52 years (SD = 6.79).

Results

Results indicate that Machiavellianism and Psychopathy scores have significant effects over Internet Gaming Disorder scores. Intrapersonal conflicts related to internet consumption were negatively affected by Narcissism scores and positively affected by Machiavellianism. Psychopathy scores explained interpersonal conflicts related to internet consumption scores. On the other hand, conflicts related to mobile phone usage were negatively affected by Narcissism and Kantianism, while Machiavellianism had positive effects. Finally, communicational emotional usage related to mobile phones was significantly affected by Machiavellianism.

Discussion

When comparing by respondent’s sex, Machiavellianism consistently emerges as a key predictor; however, its effects tend to be stronger in men. In contrast, Psychopathy, Kantianism, and Narcissism exhibit more sex-specific associations, influencing females and males differently across digital behaviors and conflicts.
Job motivation and associated factors among healthcare professionals serving in primary hospitals in the Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Legesse Mandefro Tadesse , Abuhay Habtamu Wagnew , Worku Nigusu , Dellie Endalkachew
Published: February 2025

Background

Low performance in health facilities is associated mostly with poor healthcare worker motivation in the workplace, and this burden is dominant in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess job motivation and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Central Gondar Zone primary hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

An institutionally based cross-sectional study with a qualitative component was conducted at Central Gondar Administrative Zone primary hospitals in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 396 healthcare professionals with more than six months of experience at primary hospitals in the Central Gondar Zone participated. Multiple logistic regression was fitted, and Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs was used to measure the strength of associations and variables with a p-value of <0.05 were considered significantly associated with the outcome. Thematic analysis was performed for the qualitative part.

Results

A total of 41.81% of healthcare professionals with a 95% Cl [36.9, 46.6] had good job motivation. A degree of educational level (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI [1.178, 2.874]), being satisfied with training opportunities (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.201, 3.083]), and having a written job description (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI [1.497, 4.460]) were significantly associated with job motivations.

Conclusion

Healthcare professionals’ job motivation status was relatively low. In addition, having a degree in educational level, being satisfied with training opportunities, and having a written job description were significant positive predictors of good job motivation. Additionally, the thematic analysis of qualitative data identified both short- and long-term training opportunities and the lack of clear, updated job descriptions, both of which significantly impacted job motivation.
Deductively coding psychosocial autopsy interview data using a few-shot learning large language model
Authors: Balt Elias , Salmi Salim , Bhulai Sandjai , Vrinzen Stefan , Eikelenboom Merijn , Gilissen Renske , Creemers Daan , Popma Arne , Mérelle Saskia
Published: February 2025

Background

Psychosocial autopsy is a retrospective study of suicide, aimed to identify emerging themes and psychosocial risk factors. It typically relies heavily on qualitative data from interviews or medical documentation. However, qualitative research has often been scrutinized for being prone to bias and is notoriously time- and cost-intensive. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate if a Large Language Model (LLM) can be feasibly integrated with qualitative research procedures, by evaluating the performance of the model in deductively coding and coherently summarizing interview data obtained in a psychosocial autopsy.

Methods

Data from 38 semi-structured interviews conducted with individuals bereaved by the suicide of a loved one was deductively coded by qualitative researchers and a server-installed LLAMA3 large language model. The model performance was evaluated in three tasks: (1) binary classification of coded segments, (2) independent classification using a sliding window approach, and (3) summarization of coded data. Intercoder agreement scores were calculated using Cohen’s Kappa, and the LLM’s summaries were qualitatively assessed using the Constant Comparative Method.

Results

The results showed that the LLM achieved substantial agreement with the researchers for the binary classification (accuracy: 0.84) and the sliding window task (accuracy: 0.67). The performance had large variability across codes. LLM summaries were typically rich enough for subsequent analysis by the researcher, with around 80% of the summaries being rated independently by two researchers as ‘adequate’ or ‘good.’ Emerging themes in the qualitative assessment of the summaries included unsolicited elaboration and hallucination.

Conclusion

State-of-the-art LLMs show great potential to support researchers in deductively coding complex interview data, which would alleviate the investment of time and resources. Integrating models with qualitative research procedures can facilitate near real-time monitoring. Based on the findings, we recommend a collaborative model, whereby the LLM’s deductive coding is complemented by review, inductive coding and further interpretation by a researcher. Future research may aim to replicate the findings in different contexts and evaluate models with a larger context size.
Explore factors influencing residents' green lifestyle: evidence from the Chinese General Social Survey data
Authors: Li Yifei , Li Jiyue , Lu Chuntian
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This paper explores the multifaceted dynamics and various determinants impacting residents' green lifestyles in China, focusing on drop-off recycling, low-carbon purchasing, and civic advocating.

Methods

Using data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey and the Chinese Statistical Yearbook, we provide an integrated paradigm to position green lifestyles in a hierarchical framework, explore the individual-level mediating mechanisms nested within macro influences, and elucidate the relative strengths of determinants.

Results and discussion

Firstly, the random coefficient regression models show that environmental knowledge and environmental protection intention significantly positively affect green lifestyles. Adopting traditional media could enhance civic advocating, and using new media may bolster low-carbon purchasing tendencies. A higher per capita GDP, increased public expenditure on environmental protection, and a reduced proportion of secondary industry are significant factors that promote drop-off recycling and low-carbon purchasing. Secondly, the multilevel mediational effects identify that people's environmental protection intention is a salient mediating variable within the control of regional macro factors. Additionally, the sheaf coefficient clustering models underscore the prominence of ecological awareness and macro-level factors in shaping drop-off recycling and civic advocating.
Environment sustainability with smart grid sensor
Authors: Mahadik Sheetal , Gedam Madhuri , Shah Deven
Published: February 2025

Environmental sustainability is a pressing global concern, with energy conservation and efficient utilization playing a key role in its achievement. Smart grid technology has emerged as a promising solution, facilitating energy efficiency, promoting renewable energy integration, and fostering consumer engagement. But the addition of intelligent sensors to these grids has the potential to greatly increase the level of sustainability initiatives. This paper highlights the role of smart grid sensors in addressing challenges like energy losses, demand-response limitations, and renewable energy integration. It explains how these sensors enable real-time monitoring, fault detection, and optimal load management to improve grid performance and reduce environmental impact. This also study looks at how AI with smart grid sensor can perform real-time data monitoring, optimal energy distribution, and proactive decision support from smart grid sensors might improve environmental sustainability. Furthermore, it examines advancements in sensor technologies in India, including pilot projects like the BESCOM initiative in Bangalore and Tata Power-DDL’s renewable energy trading in Delhi, to showcase their practical applications and outcomes. Smart sensors provide accurate tracking of energy usage trends, enhance load distribution, and advance the sensible application of renewable energy resources. These sensors aid in cutting down on energy waste and carbon emissions by interacting with customers and enabling demand-response systems. This study addresses the critical role of smart sensors in overcoming the shortcomings of conventional grids and guaranteeing a more resilient, efficient, and sustainable energy future through an extensive analysis of the literature. Grid-enabled systems, such as electric water heaters with sensor, can achieve energy savings of up to 29%. The integration of renewable energy sources through sensors enhances system efficiency, reduces reliance on fossil fuels, and optimizes supply and demand. Utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology enables precise monitoring of air quality, water consumption, and resource management, significantly improving environmental oversight. This integration can lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by up to 20% and water usage by 30%. Lastly, the paper discusses how integrating artificial intelligence with smart grid sensors can enhance predictive maintenance, energy management, and cybersecurity, further strengthening the case for their deployment.
Estimation of elbow flexion torque using equilibrium optimizer on feature selection of NMES MMG signals and hyperparameter tuning of random forest regression
Authors: Uwamahoro Raphael , Sundaraj Kenneth , Feroz Farah Shahnaz
Published: February 2025

Background

The assessment of limb joint torque is essential for understanding musculoskeletal system dynamics. Yet, the lack of direct muscle strength measurement techniques has prompted previous research to deploy joint torque estimation using machine learning models. These models often suffer from reduced estimation accuracies due to the presence of redundant and irrelevant information within the rapidly expanding complex biomedical datasets as well as suboptimal hyperparameters configurations.

Methods

This study utilized a random forest regression (RFR) model to estimate elbow flexion torque using mechanomyography (MMG) signals recorded during electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii (BB) muscle in 36 right-handed healthy subjects. Given the significance of both feature engineering and hyperparameter tuning in optimizing RFR performance, this study proposes a hybrid method leveraging the General Learning Equilibrium Optimizer (GLEO) to identify most informative MMG features and tune RFR hyperparameters. The performance of the GLEO-coupled with the RFR model was compared with the standard Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) and other state-of-the-art algorithms in physical and physiological function estimation using biological signals.

Results

Experimental results showed that selected features and tuned hyperparameters demonstrated a significant improvement in root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and slope with values improving from 0.1330 to 0.1174, 0.7228 to 0.7853 and 0.6946 to 0.7414, respectively for the test dataset. Convergence analysis further revealed that the GLEO algorithm exhibited a superior learning capability compared to EO.

Conclusion

This study underscores the potential of the hybrid GLEO approach in selecting highly informative features and optimizing hyperparameters for machine learning models. These advancements are essential for evaluating muscle function and represent a significant advancement in musculoskeletal biomechanics research.
Improving the health of the rural population in India through bundling WASH practices
Authors: Nguyen Trung Thanh , Rahut Dil Bahadur , Timilsina Raja , Do Manh Hung , Sonobe Tetsushi , Manchanda Navneet
Published: February 2025

Achieving access to clean and safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) for all is one of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, most efforts to improve access to clean and safe WASH focus on a single practice, resulting in a low adoption rate and limited impact. This study analyses data from 63,732 rural households from the 76th Round of the Indian National Sample Survey in 2018 to (i) identify the factors associated with the adoption of WASH practices using logit estimations, (ii) explore adoption disparities via the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method, and (iii) assess the health impacts of having one vs. a combination of several, i.e., bundles of practices, using the heteroskedasticity-based instrumental variable approach. The findings reveal that (i) the wealth status of rural households and education levels of household heads are significant factors associated with the adoption, (ii) female-headed households and those belonging to scheduled castes and tribes are disadvantaged in adoption, and (iii) bundling several practices is more effective in mitigating health problems compared to single-practice adoption. Therefore, prioritizing bundled practices for impoverished households, those with lower educational attainment, female-headed households, and scheduled castes and tribes is crucial for enhancing health outcomes and alleviating the disease burden in rural India.
How genomic and environmental relationships shape phenotypic plasticity in brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis: an historical review
Authors: Audet Céline , Garant Dany , Crespel Amélie , Vagner Marie
Published: February 2025

This review revisits 20 years of collaborative studies that were pursued with Louis Bernatchez who sadly passed away in October 2023. With him, we explored the phenotypic plasticity of brook charr by combining ecophysiology, genetics, genomics, and more recently epigenetics. Over the years, we conducted extensive studies on brook charr, focusing on metabolism, stress response, growth regulation, and temperature tolerance across various strains. Our research highlighted the remarkable diversity in physiological responses to temperature and salinity conditions, along with significant differences in the heritability of key traits across different strains and life stages. We studied stages from yolk-sac fry to reproductive adults, compared freshwater residents and anadromous fish, and recently showed how epigenetics affects the physiological and transcriptomic responses of progeny to temperature conditions. This review highlights the incredible physiological plasticity of brook charr and presents future research avenues that will lead to a better understanding of how the species may face challenges related to global changes.
Assessment of salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP8) and activated salivary matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP8) in periodontitis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Boynes Sean G. , Sofiyeva Nigar , Saw Tina , Nieto Valerie , Palomo Leena
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Periodontitis affects a significant portion of the global population and is associated with systemic health issues. Salivary biomarkers such as salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and its activated form (aMMP-8) have been studied for their roles in tissue degradation and inflammation in periodontitis. This meta-analysis investigates the association between salivary MMP-8 and aMMP-8 levels and periodontitis.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted utilizing PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases up to October 2023, yielding 35 studies that quantified MMP-8 or aMMP-8 in saliva from patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. Data were extracted, and standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed, and subgroup analyses were performed based on saliva collection techniques. Meta-regression analysis evaluated the impact of publication year on heterogeneity.

Results

The meta-analysis included 35 studies. Pooled results indicated significantly higher levels of MMP-8 and aMMP-8 in periodontitis cases compared to healthy controls (SMD: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.04–4.38, p = 0.002) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 94.5%). No significant difference was found between MMP-8 and aMMP-8 (p = 0.445). Subgroup analyses by saliva collection technique did not reduce heterogeneity significantly. Meta-regression showed that publication year did not impact heterogeneity. Small-study effects and publication bias were present, suggesting caution in interpreting the results.

Discussion

The findings support the potential of MMP-8 and aMMP-8 as biomarkers for periodontitis, although substantial heterogeneity and methodological differences among studies pose challenges. Standardized protocols and larger sample sizes are necessary to enhance the reliability of these biomarkers in clinical practice. Despite limitations, salivary diagnostics hold promise for non-invasive, early detection and monitoring of periodontitis.

Conclusion

Salivary MMP-8 and aMMP-8 levels are significantly associated with periodontitis, highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. However, methodological improvements and standardization are essential for their clinical application. Collaborative efforts and advancements in salivary diagnostics are crucial for improving periodontitis management and patient outcomes.
Strengthening small-scale farmers capability to enhance local food access amid disruptions
Authors: Munyoro John Kibe
Published: February 2025

This research reassesses the efficacy of long-term food systems and examines the strengthening of small-scale farmers capabilities through local skills development and education programs to enhance sustainable food accessibility during disruptions. Indigenous and local knowledge provides guidance on local resource management and innovation strategies, advancing local food systems transformation and adaptive capacities. A quantitative survey was conducted, reaching 1307 small-scale farmers across 47 Kenyan counties. Chi-square tests, linear regression, and crosstabulations were applied to analyze the relationship between skills development, education levels, farming practices, supply chain disruptions, food access, and technical skills transformation. The findings show that households with higher education levels are more resilient to supply chain disruptions, facilitating improved local food and market access. These results highlight the need for policies integrating indigenous and local knowledge, education, and skills development to strengthen local food systems transformation and stability, ultimately reducing dependence on short-term humanitarian aid.
Vortex fluidic enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of gelatin from barramundi skin for 3D printing
Authors: Sun Xiaoqi , Wu Yixiao , Wang Hao , He Shan , Young David J. , Thennadil Suresh , Raston Colin L. , Abukhadra Mostafa R. , El-Sherbeeny Ahmed M. , Deng Shanggui , Jellicoe Matt
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Processing with a continuous flow thin film vortex fluidic device (VFD) significantly improves the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of barramundi skin gelatin compared with conventional methodology.

Methods

Degree of hydrolysis, scanning electron microscopy, rheological properties, texture profile analysis, and dynamic light scattering were applied in this study.

Results and discussion

The processing time was reduced from 120 min to 20 min, and the degree of hydrolysis increased from 55.0 to 74.5%. VFD-treated gelatin hydrolysates were combined with starch in different proportions for use as 3D printing inks. The ink composed of 60% starch and 40% fish gelatin hydrolyate gave an ink with a regular crosslinked internal structure, relatively high storage modulus (G’), adhesiveness (399 g.sec) and loss modulus (G”) suitable for 3D printing. This new, one-step processing methodology has the potential to add value to an abundant waste product of the seafood industry.
Research trends and hotspots of Colles fracture: a bibliometric analysis from 1980 to 2023
Authors: Zhou Chaoxi , Yu Guangrong , Wang Qinglei
Published: February 2025

Background

Colles fractures, a common type of distal radius fracture, predominantly affect older adults and are often associated with osteoporosis. Understanding the epidemiology, treatment methods, and complications of Colles fractures is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Objective

This bibliometric analysis aims to assess the trends, influential research, and collaboration patterns in Colles fracture studies from 1980 to 2023, providing insights into emerging areas of research.

Methods

Literature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) using the search term “Colles fracture”. A total of 948 relevant documents, including 901 articles and 47 reviews, were analyzed. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and bibliometrix were utilized for visualization and data analysis, focusing on publication trends and hotspots.

Results

The analysis revealed a steady increase in publications and citation counts, peaking around 2010, with a notable decline in publication output post-2010 while citations continued to rise. The USA led in both publication volume and citation impact, with significant contributions from England, Canada, Germany, and Japan. Key authors such as Cooney WP and Jupiter JB were identified as influential, while the Journal of Hand Surgery-American Volume emerged as the leading publication outlet. Keyword analysis indicated a growing emphasis on epidemiology and outcomes research, reflecting broader public health concerns.

Conclusion

This bibliometric analysis highlights the evolving research on Colles fractures from 1980 to 2023. Despite a plateau in publication rates, citations continue to increase, indicating the lasting influence of earlier studies. Significant advancements have been made in treatment methods, particularly in external fixation (EF) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). The growing interdisciplinary focus on Colles fractures, osteoporosis, and rehabilitation underscores the need for continued research to enhance clinical outcomes and preventive measures.
Evaluating the role of nursing interventions in enhanced recovery after surgery for minimally invasive spine surgery: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhang Dan , Ding Hongmei , Shen Caiping , Liu Yanyan , Jia Nan
Published: February 2025

Background

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have revolutionized postoperative care, particularly in minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). This study aims to evaluate the role of nursing interventions in improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs within this framework.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study evaluated 150 patients undergoing MISS at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to December 2021. Of these, 75 were assigned to the conventional group and 75 to the ERAS group. The study compared conventional nursing care with the ERAS protocol, assessing clinical outcomes and hospital expenses.

Results

The analysis revealed that implementing targeted nursing interventions significantly decreased the length of hospital stay (LOS) in the ERAS group compared to the conventional group (3.2 days vs. 4 days; p < 0.001). Moreover, the multivariate analysis demonstrated that the patients in the the conventional group had significantly higher odds of prolonged length of stay (LOS) as compared to the ERAS group (OR: 5.114; 95% CI: 2.345–11.152, p < 0.001). Furthermore, postoperative drainage volumes were markedly lower in the ERAS group than in the conventional cohort (p < 0.001). Opioid consumption was also reduced, with only 24% of patients in the ERAS group requiring opioids, compared to 45.3% in the conventional care group (p = 0.01). Additionally, the ERAS protocol resulted in lower overall hospital expenses, highlighting its cost-effectiveness in enhancing patient outcomes.

Conclusion

The implementation of targeted nursing interventions within the ERAS protocol significantly improves patient outcomes in MISS. The ERAS group demonstrated shorter hospital stays, reduced postoperative drainage, and lower opioid requirements compared to the conventional care group. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness of the ERAS protocol highlights its potential to enhance overall healthcare efficiency.
Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for early-stage ovarian cancer and borderline ovarian tumors: a case series
Authors: Kellerhals Gaétan , Nef James , Hurni Yannick , Huber Daniela
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Surgery is the cornerstone of ovarian cancer treatment. Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) is a novel, minimally invasive technique that is gaining interest in gynecological oncology. However, its use in ovarian cancer is still limited, with only a few cases reported. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of vNOTES for the surgical staging of borderline and early-stage ovarian cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all cases of borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) and early-stage ovarian cancer surgically staged by vNOTES at our institution between October 2021 and August 2024.

Results

Eleven patients were included, seven with early-stage ovarian or tubal cancer and 4 with BOTs. The median age was 47 (27–81) years, and the median body mass index was 28.1 (22.4–39.2) kg/m2. Complete vNOTES staging was achieved in all cases, including peritoneal washing, unilateral/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, abdominal cavity inspection, peritoneal biopsies, infracolic omentectomy, and total hysterectomy when required. The median operating time was 70 (35–138) min, with a median blood loss of 50 (10–100) ml. No intraoperative complications occurred except for one case of minor ovarian spillage. No conversions to conventional laparoscopy or laparotomy were needed. Postoperative complications included one surgical site infection (9.1%) and 2 cases of postoperative cystitis (18.2%). No severe complications graded ≥3 on the Clavien-Dindo classification were observed.

Conclusion

vNOTES appears to be a feasible approach for the surgical staging of highly selected patients with early-stage adnexal malignancies. Further studies are needed to validate its long-term safety and oncological outcomes.
Comparing mid-term outcomes and patient satisfaction between percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and microendoscopic discectomy for foraminal and extraforaminal lumbar disc herniations: a retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Liu Sen , Zhao Feng , Yin Chun-Ping , Zhu Chao-Hua , Zhao Ruo-Yu , Liu Guo-Bin , Ji Gang , Chen Jia , Gao Hong-Yang
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to compare the mid-term outcomes and patient satisfaction between percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for the treatment of foraminal and extraforaminal lumbar disc herniations.

Methods

A retrospective matched cohort study was conducted, including patients diagnosed with foraminal or extraforaminal lumbar disc herniations who underwent PELD or MED between January 2014 and December 2021. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and perioperative data were analyzed. Primary outcomes included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for pain, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and improvement rates for functional status, and overall satisfaction at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Results

A total of 133 patients were included in the final analysis. The PELD group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in VAS scores for low back pain (6.74 ± 1.21 to 1.95 ± 0.42) compared to the MED group (6.93 ± 1.17 to 2.35 ± 0.89) at the 2-year follow-up (p < 0.001). Both groups exhibited significant improvements in JOA scores, with no notable differences observed at the final follow-up. Patient satisfaction rates were higher in the PELD group, with 86% reporting high satisfaction compared to 72% in the MED group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis identified VAS scores for low back pain, operation cost, and symptom recurrence as independent factors influencing patient dissatisfaction at 2 years post-surgery.

Conclusion

Both PELD and MED demonstrated efficacy in treating foraminal and extraforaminal lumbar disc herniations over a 2-year follow-up period. PELD, however, exhibited superior relief of low back pain. Factors, such as low back pain intensity, surgical costs, and symptom recurrence significantly impacted patient dissatisfaction, despite comparable overall satisfaction rates between the two surgical techniques.
Genetic characterization of porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) in pig farms: first report of PPIV-1 in Thailand and Myanmar
Authors: Phyu Hnin Wai , Charoenkul Kamonpan , Nasamran Chanakarn , Udom Kitikhun , Phyu Eaint Min , Thaw Yu Nandi , Soe Han Win , Chaiyawong Supassama , Lin Thant Nyi , Maw Min Thein , Amonsin Alongkorn
Published: February 2025

Porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) is a paramyxovirus causing respiratory infections in pigs and has been reported worldwide. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of PPIV-1 in pig farms in Thailand and Myanmar from January 2022 to December 2023. Nasal swab samples from pigs in Thailand (n = 1,042) and Myanmar (n = 449) were collected from clinically healthy pigs and pigs with respiratory signs. PPIV-1 detection was carried out using the L gene-specific RT-PCR assay. Our results showed that 3.65% (38/1042) and 7.57% (34/449) were positive for PPIV-1 in Thailand and Myanmar, respectively. The viruses (n = 15) were subjected to whole genome sequencing (n = 4) and F and HN gene sequencing (n = 11). Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that Thai PPIV-1 (n = 7) was grouped into PPIV-1 lineage II (American lineage) and closely related to American and Chinese strains. On the other hand, one Thai PPIV-1 strain (n = 1) and Myanmar PPIV-1 (n = 7) belonged to lineage I (European lineage) and was closely related to European, Hong Kong (China), and South Korean strains. Our findings suggest that PPIV-1s from both lineages (I and II) are circulating in pigs in Thailand, and PPIV-1 of lineage I is circulating in pigs in Myanmar, suggesting high genetic diversity of PPIV-1 in the Southeast Asia region. This study is the first to report whole-genome sequences of PPIV-1 from pigs in Thailand and Myanmar. Our result provided insights and information about the current disease status and genetic diversity of PPIV-1 in pig farms, which will benefit further animal disease surveillance, prevention, and control.
Metabolic diversity and responses of anteater clostridial isolates to chitin-based substrates
Authors: Amin Ahmad , Modrackova Nikol , Tejnecky Vaclav , Neuzil-Bunesova Vera
Published: February 2025

Aim

Clostridium species, such as Clostridium perfringens, C. baratii, C. colicanis, Paraclostridium bifermentans, and Paeniclostridium sordellii, are Gram-positive, anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria with diverse pathogenic mechanisms. While these species are commensals in the guts of variable animal species, such as anteaters, they are less frequently found in humans. The diet of anteaters, which includes chitin and formic acid, plays an important role in their specific dietary habits, as well as in clostridial metabolism.

Methods and results

This study investigates the metabolic diversity and responses of anteater clostridial isolates to various substrates, namely chitin, chitosan, cellulose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), and glucose. All tested clostridia were able to grow in the presence of chitin, cellulose, NAG, and glucose, but varied in metabolite production. However, the presence of chitosan surprisingly showed an antimicrobial effect against clostridia, especially Pae. sordellii, P. bifermentans, and C. colicanis. The results demonstrate significant variations in fermentation profiles, and metabolite production across substrates and clostridial species. Acetate production was detected as common for all tested clostridia despite species variability and incoming substrates, as well as lactate, butyrate, propionate, and formate for some strains.

Conclusion

In relation to digestion, anteater clostridia could play an important role in chitin and its degradation products, which, in the end, can influence clostridial occurrence and pathogenicity via chitosan.
Shrub Control by Burning and Clearing in the Southern Pyrenees: Effects on Soils After Two Years of Treatment
Authors: Quintana-Esteras Silvia , Badía-Villas David , Martí-Dalmau Clara
Published: February 2025

Prescribed burns and selective shrub clearing are widely implemented as management strategies to stop the shrub encroachment of grasslands, decrease fuel loads and fire risks, and improve biodiversity and ecosystem functionality in mountain environments. While the short-term effects of burns on soil have been extensively studied, the impact of mechanical treatments on soil has received comparatively less attention. This study aims to: i) evaluate the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of subalpine soils influenced by prescribed burns and selective clearing, and ii) assess the effectiveness of these interventions by examining the changes in vegetation cover 2 years after implementation. The research was conducted in the Central Pyrenees, where three plots were selected according to their management type: a prescribed burn plot (B), a clearing plot (CL), and a shrubland control plot (C). The results highlight how both treatments increased soil pH and reduced other properties (EC, BD, moisture, GLU) after 2 years of study, with burned and cleared plots showing similar trends in all cases. The carbon source utilization patterns of soil microbial communities (CLPP) remained unchanged by either treatment, which may indicate the short-term resilience of microbial communities. However, differences in soil microbial activity, as measured by basal soil respiration (bSR), were observed. An increase in bSR was found with shrub removal via mechanical clearing, as evidenced by the constants of the single-compartment model and the average residence time (ART) of organic matter. These changes were primarily driven by the indirect effects of vegetation cover alteration. Shrub cover remained low 2 years after the application of both methods, although prescribed burning resulted in more bare soil and lower plant diversity compared to the cleared plot.
Research on the Damage Characteristics of a UAV Flight Control System Irradiated by a Continuous Laser
Authors: Liu Le , Xu Chengyang , Cai Sheng , Wang Jiamin , Huang Dandan , Yang Kun , Zheng Changbin , Guo Jin
Published: February 2025

To improve laser anti-UAV technology and UAV laser protection capabilities, research on continuous laser damage to a UAV flight control system has been carried out. Combining waveform and function monitoring, the performance of the flight control system under laser irradiation was observed in real time, and the temperature and ablation process were recorded, which were used to analyze its damage characteristics and thresholds. Our experimental results show that the flight control system had two damage modes: temporary failure and permanent damage. Temporary failure had a temperature threshold, which was on average 450.85 K. All temporarily failed flight control system functions could be restored after cooling and a manual restart, but permanently damaged flight control systems could not be manually restarted. This experiment showed that, within K. All temporarily failed flight control system functions could be restored after cooling and a manual restart, but permanently damaged flight control systems could not be manually restarted. This experiment showed that, within 10 s, the power density required for temporary failure and permanent damage to the flight control system was 28.4 W/cm2 and 42.6 W/cm2, respectively. The power density required for permanent damage was 82.0 W/cm2 within 16 s if the flight control system was encapsulated with aluminum alloy. Based on the circuit fault diagnosis of the flight control system samples that has been permanently damaged, the laser’s thermal effects damaged the diodes and linear regulators, ultimately rendering the flight control system unable to be manually restarted.
Addressing Cadmium in Cacao Farmland: A Path to Safer, Sustainable Chocolate
Authors: García Porras Gina Alexandra , Santos Jéssica Aires dos , Carvalho Mariana Rocha de , Pinzón-Sandoval Elberth Hernando , Pereira Aline Aparecida Silva , Guilherme Luiz Roberto Guimarães
Published: February 2025

Cacao cultivation is an important economic and social activity for tropical regions worldwide. Elevated cadmium (Cd) concentrations in soil and cacao beans have become a serious concern for producers and consumers, particularly following the implementation of stricter Cd limits for cacao products in the European Union since 2019. Cadmium is a potentially toxic element that can bioaccumulate in different plant tissues, raising concerns about the future of cacao exports and posing a significant threat to the food chain through consuming products with high Cd concentrations. Therefore, understanding the origins of Cd in cacao-producing countries’ agricultural soils is essential. Equally important is the need to investigate the factors influencing its availability, uptake, translocation, and distribution within the cacao plant, in addition to strategies for mitigating its effects or reducing its concentration in agriculturally relevant tissues. This review aims to contextualize the sources of Cd in the cacao agroecosystems while highlighting recent advances and perspectives in applying essential and beneficial elements, selecting low-accumulator genotypes, and utilizing associated microbiota. These strategies seek to mitigate Cd bioaccumulation and minimize its negative impacts on the cocoa value chain.
Effect of Kaolin Clay on Post-Bloom Thinning Efficacy, Cropping, and Fruit Quality in ‘Gala Vill’ Apple (Malus × domestica) Cultivation
Authors: Przybyłko Sebastian , Marszał Jacek , Kowalczyk Wojciech , Szpadzik Ewa
Published: February 2025

Effective thinning methods that balance yield, fruit quality, and ripening dynamics are essential to ensure efficient and sustainable apple production. This study examined the effects of various thinning treatments on ‘Gala Vill’ apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to assess their impacts on fruit set, yield, and quality parameters. The experiment was conducted in 2020 at the experimental orchard of WULS located in Wilanów, Warsaw, Poland. The treatments included chemical thinning using different doses of metamitron (Brevis 150 SG) alone and in combination with kaolin clay at two concentrations (50 and 100 kg∙ha−1), and, as alternatives to the chemical method, using kaolin clay alone (50, 100, and 200 kg∙ha−1) and artificial shading. The results highlight the effectiveness of thinning treatments in modulating key agronomic traits. Artificial shading significantly reduced the number of fruitlets, demonstrating its utility as a non-chemical thinning option. Metamitron application effectively reduced the number of fruitlets in a dose-dependent manner. Combining metamitron with kaolin clay did not enhance the thinning effect compared with metamitron alone. However, kaolin clay applied independently, particularly at higher concentrations, was associated with improved fruit setting and yield. For instance, kaolin clay at 200 kg∙ha−1 (KC200) resulted in the highest fruit set (85.2) and yield (10.1 kg·tree−1), suggesting its adverse effect on thinning to promote fruit retention under certain conditions.
Effects of Vegetable Oils Supplemented into Broiler Diet on the Fatty Acid Profile and Lipid Indices in Broiler Meat
Authors: Kralik Zlata , Kralik Gordana , Košević Manuela
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the influence of vegetable oils (sunflower oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO), and linseed oil (LO)) supplemented into broiler diets on the fatty acids profile and quality of lipids in breasts and thighs, expressed through qualitative, nutritional, and metabolic indices. Broilers of the Ross 308 hybrid were divided into three groups and fattened over 6 weeks. During the last three weeks of fattening, broilers were fed a finisher diet that differed in types of supplemented oil. Diets were balanced at the level of 19.80% crude protein and 13.5 MJ ME/kg of feed. Feed and water were offered to broilers ad libitum. Fatty acid profiles were determined in samples of broiler breasts and thighs, based on which lipids health indices were calculated. Quantitative indices (polyunsaturated fatty acids-∑PUFA/saturated fatty acids-∑SFA, ∑PUFA n-6/∑PUFA n-3, linoleic acid-LA/α-linolenic acid-ALA, and eicosapentaenoic acid-EPA+ docosahexaenoic acid-DHA) were influenced by the type of oil (p < 0.001), whereas the type of meat was only important for the index of ∑PUFA/∑SFA (p < 0.001). Nutritional indices (nutritional value index-NVI, atherogenicity index-AI, thrombogenicity index-TI, hypo/hypercholesterolemic index-hHI, health-promoting index-HPI) depended on both factors (p < 0.001). The metabolic indices (elongase index-EI, thioesterase index-THI, ∆9-desaturase, ∆5 + ∆6-desaturase, kinetic activity index-KHI) were significantly affected by the type of meat (p < 0.001), as well as by the feeding treatments (p < 0.05), except for the EI index. This research confirmed that oils supplemented into broiler feed influence the fatty acid profiles in broiler meat. It has also been confirmed that the fatty acid profile affects the lipid quality in meat, which may be beneficial for consumers’ health.