bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Candiles" y "Horno de Silvia"
Authors: Zúniga Silvia
Published: October 2014

Silvia Zúniga, pintora de Jinotepe, toma sus imágenes de la cotidianidad popular nicaragüense, directamente, sin intermediarios ideológicos ni religiosos que anulen, distorsionen y opaquen su punto de vista estético y vital sobre las cosas, situaciones, conjuntos o eventos que construye o fabrica a partir de su experiencia y comprensión de los mismos. Sabido esto es posible entender o acceder al interesante mundo personal, comunal, sicológico, social y poético de su obra. Zúniga vive en su memoria, en su mirada habitual con esas imágenes y con acogedora profundidad nos pone en contacto con esa realidad.Fanor TéllezEscritor nicaragüense.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v20i62.1471 Cultura de Paz Vol.20 No.62 2014; 21
Frida
Authors: Campos Mario
Published: October 2014

“Las obras de Mario Campos están inspiradas en textos de distintos escritores, intelectuales, periodistas y poetas. Las obras son monocromas, en tono sepia, que se logra a base del pigmento del café sobre cartón, uno siente el color de cada árbol, de cada bota, de cada rostro. Merece la pena señalar que las obras no son calcadas de fotografías sino, legítima inspiración del artista”.Dr. Napoleón ChowEx Director GeneralInstituto Nicaragüense de CulturaDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v20i62.1472 Cultura de Paz Vol.20 No.62 2014; 22
"Ofrendas del tiempo" de Leonel Calderón Acuña
Authors: Serrano Caldera Alejandro
Published: October 2014

El filósofo Alejandro Serrano Caldera, sobre la obra poética “Ofrendas del Tiempo” de Leonel Calderón Acuña, señala que transcurre entre la angustia existencial y la experiencia metafísica como diálogo que surge de la raíz misma del ser y de fe y esperanza.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v20i62.1473 Cultura de Paz Vol.20 No.62 2014; 32-33
Escalas del Arte Amatorio en el poemario "Para construir el amor", de Carlos Tünnermann
Authors: López Miranda Margarita
Published: October 2014

Margarita López Miranda nos presenta un fragmento del ensayo escrito sobre el poemario: “Para construir el amor”, del Dr. Carlos Tünnermann Bernheim, poemario construido en ocho secciones y que ella llama “escalas” de ese Arte Amatorio, cuyo sujeto es Rosa Carlota, musa, mujer amada, esposa y madre de sus hijos. Margarita López Miranda incorpora en literaria Dra. Nidia Palacios, en el sentido de que: “otro poeta del amor conyugal ha entrado por la puerta grande de la mejor poesía amorosa, de la literatura nicaragüense.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v20i62.1474 Cultura de Paz Vol.20 No.62 2014; 36-40
LA REFLEXION PREVENTIVE DE HABERMAS SUR LA TECHNIQUE GENETIQUE
Authors: Mbulu Henri
Published: October 2014

O artigo procura reformar a argumentação de Habernas, a respeito do que eledenominou “engenismo liberal”, ou seja, a possibilidade de os pais determinarem intervenções no genoma das células geminais fecundadas. O autor aprofunda a discussão ética sobre as conseqüências eugênicas de tais intervenções apontadas por Habernas e revela a perplexidade do filósofo diante das insuficiências das respostas normativas a essa questão.
POLÍTICA PÚBLICA E A NORMA POLÍTICA
Authors: Derani Cristiane
Published: October 2014

O artigo inicia com a análise da função política do Estado e suas transformações,para chegar à ação estatal fundada nas políticas públicas. Destaca na construção de tais políticas a questão da democracia e aponta a importância da Constituição para a realização de ações que possam ser adequadas à consecução dos direitos fundamentais.
A TRANSFORMAÇÃO JURÍDICA NA ÓTICA DA FILOSOFIA TRANSMODERNA: A LEGITIMIDADE DOS NOVOS DIREITOS
Authors: Ludwig Celso
Published: October 2014

A transformação jurídica ocorre de diversas maneiras, como atestam os processos históricos de produção do Direito. A argumentação parte do explícito princípio crítico da obrigação de produzir, reproduzir e desenvolver a vida humana concreta de cada sujeito em comunidade. A vida humana, na condição de critério-fonte, não aparece no nível bem abstrato, não como um direito, mas com o fonte de todos os direitos. Propõe-se o tema da transformação jurídica, a partir da premissa de uma fundamentação principiológica, não-metafísica, que encontra no campo ético o primeiro grau de abstração com os princípios éticos implícitose em grau menos abstrato encontra o campo político, também com princípios políticos implícitos, e que metodologicamente subsume o nível anterior, para por fim situar o campo jurídico, que é visto no nível dos princípios universais e abstratos; no nível particular das mediações sistêmicas e no nível da ação concreta. A partir desses níveis, a reflexão sobre a transformação do direito ante os novos direitos é encaminhada. Ao final, pretende-se definir a dupla função do Direito: de um lado, sua função é de conservar a vida onde ela está afirmada; e de outro, a função é de transformar onde a vida está negada, na ótica de uma racionalidade jurídica libertadora.
DEMOCRACIA DELIBERATIVA: A RECUPERAÇÃO DO COMPONENTE MORAL NA ESFERA PÚBLICA
Authors: Kozicki Katya
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste texto é o de discutir a democracia deliberativa, na sua noção moderna (e problemática), buscando explicitar as possibilidades e os limites desta matriz teórica. A deliberação, entendida como um método para a tomada de decisão assenta-se na idéia de um livre debate a ser realizado entre cidadãos livres, iguais e racionais, para a obtenção de um resultado com o qual todos possam concordar, uma vez que todos serão por ele afetados.
PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL - A VIDA E O CONHECIMENTO A SERVIÇO DO MERCADO
Authors: Dos Santos Anderson Marcos
Published: October 2014

A propriedade intelectual foi construída na modernidade como direito subjetivopara proteger o autor e propiciar o desenvolvimento econômico, tecnológico, social e cultural dos povos. Da mesma forma, a tecnociência apresenta-se como elemento propulsor de um novo tempo, que promete vida longa e mais saudável. Porém, a associação entre a lógica de mercado e uma racionalidade puramente instrumental da biotecnologia podem levar o Direito, por meio do sistema internacional de patentes, estabelecido pelo Acordo Trips, a transformar-se,de protetor, em instrumento de colonização dos saberes e de reificação do humano.
A GLOBALIZAÇÃO E O ESTADO-NAÇÃO: RUMO À PÓS-MODERNIDADE E AO ESTADO COSMOPOLITA?
Authors: Hartmann Érica De Oliveira , Borges Guilherme Roman
Published: October 2014

O presente artigo analisa a crise enfrentada pelo Estado-nação diante da novarealidade mundial trazida sobretudo pela globalização. Para isso, faz-se uma retomada dos elementos estruturais do Estado-nação e, num segundo momento, contrapõe-se tal estrutura aos fenômenos atuais resultantes da mundialização, perpassando, inclusive, idéias fundamentais sobre o cosmopolitismo, sobretudo mediante a análise do pensamento habermasiano, e sobre o comunitarismo. Em seguida, traz-se à discussão os problemas apontados por Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri em sua obra ‘O Império’, na qual retratam bem o lado negro e prejudicial do desaparecimento das fronteiras entre os países, para, ao final, reforçar que, embora inevitável e causador de graves problemas, o processo de globalização deverá, ao menos, pressupor a defesa da democracia.
Successiewetgeving in Europese beweging?
Authors: van de Ven K.M.L.L.
Published: October 2014

Successiewetgeving in Europese beweging?

De auteur bespreekt de aanbeveling die de Europese Commissie in 2011 aan de lidstaten van de EU heeft gedaan op het terrein van de successiebelasting in grensoverschrijdende situaties. Ook de begin 2014 door de Commissie gehouden consultatieronde wordt in deze bijdrage besproken.
Uitleg van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen
Authors: Luimes A.J.
Published: October 2014

Uitleg van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen

Het onderhavige artikel gaat over de uitleg van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen. Aan de hand van enkele recente uitspraken wordt inzicht geboden in de vraag wanneer een zuiver taalkundige uitleg van een uiterste wilsbeschikking wel of niet volstaat.
Voetangels en klemmen op de weg van de legitimaris
Authors: Luijten E.A.A. , Meijer W.R.
Published: October 2014

Voetangels en klemmen op de weg van de legitimaris

Enkele recente markante uitspraken over de wettelijke regeling van de ‘legitieme portie’ worden onder de loep genomen.
A Method for Using Adjacency Matrices to Analyze the Connections Students Make Within and Between Concepts: The Case of Linear Algebra
Authors: Selinski Natalie E. , Rasmussen Chris , Wawro Megan , Zandieh Michelle
Published: October 2014

The central goals of most introductory linear algebra courses are to develop students' proficiency with matrix techniques, to promote their understanding of key concepts, and to increase their ability to make connections between concepts. In this article, we present an innovative method using adjacency matrices to analyze students' interpretation of and connections between concepts. Three cases provide examples that illustrate the usefulness of this approach for comparing differences in the structure of the connections, as exhibited in what we refer to as dense, sparse, and hub adjacency matrices. We also make use of mathematical constructs from digraph theory, such as walks and being strongly connected, to indicate possible chains of connections and flexibility in making connections within and between concepts. We posit that this method is useful for characterizing student connections in other content areas and grade levels.
Developing Visions of High-Quality Mathematics Instruction
Authors: Munter Charles
Published: October 2014

This article introduces an interview-based instrument that was created for the purposes of characterizing the visions of high-quality mathematics instruction of teachers, principals, mathematics coaches, and district leaders and tracking changes in those visions over time. The instrument models trajectories of perceptions of high-quality instruction along what have been identified in the literature as critical dimensions of mathematics classroom practice. Included are a description of the methods by which an analysis of interview data was integrated with previous findings from the research literature in order to develop leveled rubrics for assessing visions of high-quality mathematics instruction, a report of the results of using the instrument to code more than 900 interviews, and a discussion of the possible applications and benefits of such a methodological approach.
Copper Ion Doped Mullite Composite in Poly (vinylidene Fluoride) Matrix: Effect on Microstructure, Phase Behavior and Electrical Properties
Authors: Halder Kumaresh , Paul Biplab Kumar , Bagchi Biswajoy , Bhattacharya Alakananda , Das Sukhen
Published: October 2014

Highly crystallized copper ion doped mullite composites have been synthesized at 1100°C and 1400°C via sol-gel technique with five different strengths of copper ion and was incorporated in poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to make doped mullite composite/polymer films. We have studied the effects of this dopant on microstructure, phase transformation, and electrical properties of the polymer films over a wide range of frequency from 1.0 KHz to 2.0 MHz. Characterizations were done by various analytical tools at room temperature. Prominent mullite phases were observed from XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and FESEM characterization of composite polymer. The concentration of the dopant and the sintering temperature were found to be the two basic factors which affect the phase transition of the polymer. The composite film showed maximum dielectric constant of 19.96 at 1 KHz for 1.2M concentration of copper ion doped mullite sintered at 1400°C, compared to 3.09 for the pure polymer. Furthermore, both dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of the composite were found to be highly frequency and temperature dependent. After doping, the A.C. conductivity of the composite was found to increase with increasing temperature following Jonscher’s power law and the electrical resistivity reduced too. Moreover, the results revealed that the phase behaviors and micro structural changes of the copper ion doped mullite composite/polymer film affected its electrical properties with possible impact on its applications.
Context, Provenance and Technology of a Western Stemmed Tradition Artifact Cache from the Cooper’s Ferry Site, Idaho
Authors: Davis Loren G. , Nyers Alex J. , Willis Samuel C.
Published: October 2014

The discovery of an artifact cache containing Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) projectile points in a clearly defined pit feature at the Cooper’s Ferry site offers a unique perspective on early lithic technology and logistical organization in western North America. A description and analysis of the cache feature reveals several new insights, including: a rocky cairn capped the surface of the pit feature; some of the artifacts were made from cryptocrystalline silicates found 16 km away; debitage analysis, including aggregate and attribute based measures, identified two distinct lithic reduction stages present in the cache; new radiocarbon assays suggest that the cache is probably not early Holocene in age and may date to associated age estimates of 11,410–11,370 radiocarbon years before present (B.P.). Unlike Clovis caches, the Pit Feature A2 cache at Cooper’s Ferry appears to be a generalized toolkit that was probably placed at the site for future use. If the 11,410–11,370 radiocarbon years B.P. assays date the creation of the Pit Feature A2 cache, then its creators were probably not pioneers in the lower Salmon River canyon but possessed local knowledge about the landscape and raw material sources; these patterns suggest greater time depth for WST foragers.
Gifts of the Ancestors: Secondary Lithic Recycling in Appalachian Summit Prehistory
Authors: Whyte Thomas R.
Published: October 2014

Evidence of systematic secondary lithic recycling at the Katie Griffith site and Church Rocksheiter No. 2 in the mountains of western North Carolina is presented. It is proposed that recycling and reuse of found stone artifacts in the Early Woodland period of the Appalachian Summit region of the southeastern United States was a regular lithic procurement option. It is concluded that systematic secondary lithic recycling was widespread in prehistory, provides an avenue for exploring economizing responses to raw material procurement challenges, and must be accounted for when using lithic artifacts in reconstructions and explanations of human mobility, exchange, and technological organization, and in archaeological constructions of lithic artifact typologies.
Sclerochronological Measures of Seasonality at a Late Woodland Mound on the Mississippi Gulf Coast
Authors: Blitz John H. , Fred C. , Downs Lauren E.
Published: October 2014

Seasonality of site occupation has been an important issue in the archaeology of precolumbian coastal populations in the U.S. Southeast. Sclerochronological oxygen isotope measurements to estimate season of capture were performed on marsh clam (Rangia cuneata) and oyster (Crassostrea virginica) shells from a Late Woodland platform mound in coastal Mississippi. This study is the first oxygen isotope analysis of archaeological Rangia cuneata. The results of the study, supported by vertebrate faunal and plant seasonal indicators and depositional circumstances, indicate that mound trash deposits were generated by short-term activities during the spring and summer months. Factors that could reduce the precision of the seasonal estimates are identified.
Shellfish Collection and Community Connections in Eighteenth-Century Native New England
Authors: Hunter Ryan , Silliman Stephen W. , Landon David B.
Published: October 2014

In recent years, the archaeology of Native American sites in colonial contexts has increased our understanding of how indigenous communities persisted in challenging times. Greater attention to practices helps to create a more enriched picture, especially when set in the context of food and consumption. This article considers shellfish remains excavated from three households on the Eastern Pequot reservation, located several kilometers Inland from the Connecticut coast in southern New England, to explore the role that shellfish gathering played in eighteenth-century subsistence and social practices in Native New England. Household variability in the specific species and quantity consumed, as well as disposal methods, provide insight into internal community decision making. Moreover, eighteenth-century reservation demographics strongly accentuate the role of women in the provision of these foodstuffs and in maintaining cultural connections to the coast and other off-reservation communities. Practices of gathering and consuming shellfish thus provide vectors of change and continuity in Native American communities of colonial New England, showing how these practices represent not only connections to a deeper past, but also ongoing and even resurging practices to engage with a colonial present.
Native American Consumption of Shell and Glass Beads at Mission Santa Clara De Asís
Authors: Panich Lee M.
Published: October 2014

This article uses a consumption framework to examine Native American use of shell and glass beads at the site of Mission Santa Clara de Asís in central California. The analysis considers how indigenous people acquired beads within the mission system as well as the ways in which they integrated diverse types of beads into existing and emergent cultural traditions. Regional archaeological evidence reveals multiple sources of shell beads while the mission's account book offers detailed information regarding the purchase of glass beads by Franciscan missionaries. At Santa Clara, archaeological assemblages from various temporal and spatial contexts demonstrate that native people continued to use shell beads throughout the mission period but also incorporated glass beads into local understandings of status and mourning. Within these general patterns of bead use, the evidence suggests a local preference for white glass beads as well as variation in the use of or access to shell beads across the mission community. These data underscore the localized ways indigenous people made sense of new and familiar items within the constraints of colonialism.
Eyed Bone Needles from a Younger Dryas Paleoindian Component at Tule Lake Rock Shelter, Northern California
Authors: Erlandson Jon M. , Kennett Douglas J. , Culleton Brendan J. , Goebel Ted , Nelson Greg C. , Skinner Craig
Published: October 2014

The geographic and chronological distribution of eyed bone needles in North American Paleoindian sites led Osborn (2014) to propose that these distinctive artifacts date primarily to the Terminal Pleistocene Younger Dryas Cold Event and were essential to making close-fitting clothes needed to survive frigid winter conditions. Our study of a museum collection from Tule Lake Rock Shelter (CA-SIS-218A) in the high Klamath Basin area supports Osborn’s argument. We present nine high-precision accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon assays from a 2.5 m deep cultural sequence, demonstrating that Paleoindians occupied the site primarily during the Younger Dryas. Although only about .5 m3of the Paleoindian deposits at CA-SIS-218A were excavated, fragments of four small bone needles were recovered, three of which contain whole or partial eyes. Two fragments of large mammal cortical bone from the same levels contain remnants of “groove and snap” fractures that may be related to the production of needle blanks. The bone needles from Tule Lake Rock Shelter extend the geographic range of these distinctive Paleoindian artifacts into the high desert region of Northern California.
Three new records of aspicilioid lichens to China
Authors: Hou Xuejiao , Li Shuxia , Ren Qiang
Published: October 2014

As a result from our study on the lichen family Megasporaceae, three species new to China: Aspicilia cupulifera, A. narssaquensis and Circinaria arida are reported and illustrated.
Sonographic Appearances of Juvenile Fibroadenoma of the Breast
Authors: Kim Suk Jung , Park Young Mi , Jung Soo Jin , Lee Kwang Hwi , Kim Ok Hwa , Ryu Ji Hwa , Choi Gi Bok , Lee Sun Joo , Choo Hye Jung , Jeong Hae Woong
Published: October 2014

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate characteristic features of juvenile fibroadenoma of the breast on sonography.

Methods

Our study included 34 juvenile fibroadenomas confirmed by surgical biopsy or sonographically guided 8‐gauge vacuum‐assisted biopsy in 23 patients (age range, 15–47 years; mean age, 25 years). Sonographic findings of the lesions were analyzed retrospectively by 2 radiologists in consensus according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) lexicon. The BI‐RADS final assessment category was also established.

Results

On sonography, all fibroadenomas presented as masses. The mean size was 30 mm. Regarding shape, there were 29 oval, 2 round, and 3 irregular masses. The margins were circumscribed in 24, indistinct in 5, microlobulated in 4, and angular in 1. Regarding echogenicity, 16 masses were hypoechoic, 16 isoechoic, and 2 complex echoic. Posterior acoustic characteristics included posterior acoustic enhancement in 22 masses (65%), posterior shadowing in 1, and no posterior acoustic features in 9; this information was not available in 2. The lesion boundary presented as an abrupt interface in 32 and an echogenic halo in 2. The orientation was parallel in 32 and nonparallel in 2. Calcifications were present in 3 cases and absent in 31. On color Doppler sonography, the masses were usually hypervascular with vessel counts of 5 or more (87%). The BI‐RADS final assessment categories were 3 in 24 and 4a in 10.

Conclusions

The dominant sonographic presentation of juvenile fibroadenoma is a circumscribed oval hypoechoic or isoechoic mass, which resembles that of simple fibroadenoma. Juvenile fibroadenomas frequently show posterior acoustic enhancement and hypervascularity on color Doppler sonography.
Sonographic Confirmation of Intubation
Authors: Budhram Gavin , Murman David , Lutfy Lucienne , Sullivan Alison
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Several recent studies have investigated methods to confirm endotracheal tube (ETT) placement with sonography, using diaphragmatic movement, lung sliding, and transtracheal visualization of the ETT. To our knowledge, no studies have directly compared these 3 methods. This study aimed to directly compare the test characteristics of these 3 methods to determine ETT placement. Additionally, we compared the time required to complete the sonographic examination and the performers’ confidence in their findings.

Methods

We conducted a prospective randomized single‐blinded study. Twenty‐five recently euthanized pigs were intubated either in the esophagus or trachea, for a total of 50 intubations. Each of the 3 sonographic methods of intubation confirmation was performed by sonographers of different skill levels. Sonographic findings, the time to findings, and confidence in findings were recorded.

Results

A total of 150 sonographic examinations were performed. There were no significant differences in the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, or accuracy for correct ETT placement between the 3 methods of intubation confirmation. On average, the transtracheal and thoracic methods were faster (12.5 and 14.0 seconds, respectively) than the diaphragmatic method (21.0 seconds; P < .01). There were no significant differences in operator confidence between the confirmation methods.

Conclusions

All 3 methods for determining ETT placement had similar test characteristics. Transtracheal and thoracic sonography were faster than diaphragmatic sonography for determining ETT placement in pigs.
Ultrafast 2‐Dimensional Image Monitoring and Array‐Based Passive Cavitation Detection for Ultrasound Contrast Agent Destruction in a Variably Sized Region
Authors: Xu Shanshan , Hu Hong , Jiang Hujie , Xu Zhi'an , Wan Mingxi
Published: October 2014

Objectives

A combined approach was proposed, based on programmable ultrasound equipment, to simultaneously monitor surviving microbubbles and detect cavitation activity during microbubble destruction in a variably sized region for use in ultrasound contrast agent (UCA)‐enhanced therapeutic ultrasound applications.

Methods

A variably sized focal region wherein the acoustic pressure was above the UCA fragmentation threshold was synthesized at frequencies of 3, 4, 5, and 6 MHz with a linear broadband imaging probe. The UCAs’ temporal and spatial distribution during the microbubbles’ destruction was monitored in a 2‐dimensional imaging plane at 5 MHz and a frame rate of 400 Hz, and simultaneously, broadband noise emissions during the microbubbles’ fragmentation were extracted by using the backscattered signals produced by the focused release bursts (ie, destruction pulses) themselves. Afterward, the temporal evolution of broadband noise emission, the surviving microbubbles in a region of interest (ROI), and the destruction area in a static UCA suspension were computed. Then the inertial cavitation dose, destruction rate of microbubbles in the ROI, and area of the destruction region were determined.

Results

It was found that an increasing pulse length and a decreasing transmit aperture and excitation frequency were correlated with an increased inertial cavitation dose, microbubble destruction rate, and destruction area. Furthermore, it was obvious that the microbubble destruction rate was significantly correlated with the inertial cavitation dose (P < .05). In addition, the intensity decrease in the ROI was significantly correlated with the destruction area (P < .05).

Conclusions

By the proposed strategy, microbubbles could be destroyed in a variably sized region, and destruction efficiency as well as the corresponding inertial cavitation dose could be regulated by manipulating the transmission parameters.
Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography for Quantitative Assessment of Portal Hypertension in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Qu En-Ze , Zhang Ying-Cai , Li Zhi-Yan , Liu Yang , Wang Jin-Rui
Published: October 2014

Objectives

The clinical utility of contrast‐enhanced sonography in portal hypertension remains unclear. We explored the feasibility of using contrast‐enhanced sonography for noninvasive assessment of portal venous pressure.

Methods

Twenty healthy individuals (control group; 9 men; mean age, 46.4 years) and 18 patients with portal hypertension (15 men; mean age, 46.2 years) were enrolled in this study. The portal hypertension group included patients who underwent splenectomy and pericardial blood vessel disarticulation at our hospital from October 2010 to March 2011. One week before surgery, patients with portal hypertension underwent preoperative liver contrast‐enhanced sonography. Two‐dimensional, Doppler, and contrast‐enhanced sonographic parameters were compared between the groups. Portal venous pressure was measured intraoperatively by portal vein puncture in the portal hypertension group, and its relationship with the other parameters was analyzed.

Results

The 2‐dimensional, Doppler, and contrast‐enhanced sonographic parameters differed between the groups (P < .01). Portal venous pressure was inversely correlated with the area under the portal vein/hepatic artery time‐intensity curve ratio (Qp/Qa), portal vein/hepatic artery strength ratio (Ip/Ia), and portal vein/hepatic artery wash‐in perfusion slope ratio (βp/βa), with correlation coefficients of −0.701, −0.625, and −0.494, respectively.

Conclusions

Measurement of the liver contrast‐enhanced sonographic parameters Qp/Qa, Ip/Ia, and βp/βa could be used as a new quantitative method for noninvasively assessing portal venous pressure.
Transperineal Sonographic Anal Sphincter Complex Evaluation in Chronic Anal Fissures
Authors: Bedair Elsaid M. , El Hennawy Hany M. , Moustafa Ahmed Abdu , Meki Gad Youssef , Bosat Bosat Elwany
Published: October 2014

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of transperineal sonography in assessment of pathologic changes to the anal sphincter complex in patients with chronic anal fissures.

Methods

We conducted a prospective case‐control study of 100 consecutive patients of any age and both sexes with chronic anal fissures who presented to a colorectal clinic between January 2012 and August 2013 (group A) and 50 healthy volunteers (group B).

Results

The most common patterns of radiologic changes to anal sphincters associated with chronic anal fissures were circumferential thickening of the anal sphincter complex in 5 patients (5%), circumferential thickening of the internal anal sphincter in 3 patients (3%), preferential thickening of the internal anal sphincter at the 6‐o'clock position in 80 patients (80%) and the 12‐o'clock position in 7 patients (7%), preferential thickening of the internal and external anal sphincters in 3 patients (3%), and thinning of the internal anal sphincter in 2 patients (2%).

Conclusions

Chronic anal fissures cause differential thickening of both internal and external anal sphincters, with a trend toward increased thickness in relation to the site of the fissure. Routine preoperative transperineal sonography for patients with chronic anal fissures is recommended, and it is mandatory in high‐risk patients.
Sonographic Assessment of Spleen Size in Turkish Migrants With Familial Mediterranean Fever in Germany
Authors: Örnek Ahmet , Kurucay Mustafa , Henning Bernhard F. , Pagonas Nikolaos , Schlottmann Renate , Schmidt Wolfgang E. , Giese Arnd
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) can be associated with splenomegaly. Prospective quantitative data are lacking. We performed a sonographic assessment of spleen size in patients with FMF and healthy control participants to assess its diagnostic value.

Methods

Patients with FMF according to the criteria of Livneh et al (Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40:1879–1885) who were in an asymptomatic interval and control participants were prospectively included in this study in Germany and underwent sonographic measurement of the spleen as well as a structured interview and a physical examination. Patients and controls were Turkish migrants.

Results

Thirty‐six patients and 27 controls were included. Patients and controls did not differ significantly in age (mean ± SD, 34.8 ± 9.7 versus 33.3 ± 10.0 years, respectively; P = .56), sex, height, weight, or body mass index (26.7 ± 4.7 versus 26.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2; P = .63). Spleen size was greater in patients than controls in width (4.3 ± 1.0 versus 3.7 ± 0.7 cm; P = .008) and also length (12.1 ± 1.9 versus 10.5 ± 1.4 cm; P = .001). Twenty‐six of 36 patients (72.2%) had a history of appendectomy compared to 3 of 27 controls (11.1%; P < .001). The combination of an enlarged spleen (length >11 cm and/or width >4 cm) gave specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 87%–100%) and a positive predictive value of 100% (95% confidence interval, 78%–100%) for the diagnosis of FMF in our study.

Conclusions

Spleen size as evaluated by sonography is larger in patients with FMF compared to healthy controls. Most patients with FMF included in this study had undergone appendectomy. Familial Mediterranean fever should be considered as a differential diagnosis in Turkish migrants in Germany if the spleen is enlarged and a history of appendectomy is reported.
Real‐time Image Fusion for Successful Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Toshikuni Nobuyuki , Tsutsumi Mikihiro , Takuma Yoshitaka , Arisawa Tomiyasu
Published: October 2014

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an established nonsurgical curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because of its efficiency and safety, sonography is the most commonly used imaging modality when performing RFA. However, the presence of HCC nodules that are inconspicuous when using conventional sonography is a major drawback of RFA and limits its feasibility as a treatment for HCC. However, a new technology has been developed that synthesizes high‐resolution multiplanar reconstruction images using 3‐dimensional data and is combined with a position‐tracking system using magnetic navigation. With this technology, real‐time sonograms can be fused with corresponding computed tomographic, magnetic resonance imaging, or even sonographic volume data; this process is known as real‐time image fusion. In this article, we describe this novel imaging method as a useful tool for successful RFA treatment of HCC.
Development of an Anthropomorphic Shoulder Phantom Model That Simulates Bony Anatomy for Sonographic Measurement of the Acromiohumeral Distance
Authors: Adusumilli Pratik , McCreesh Karen , Evans Tony
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this project was to create a sonographic phantom model of the shoulder that was accurate in bone configuration. Its main purpose was for operator training to measure the acromiohumeral distance. A computerized 3‐dimensional model of the superior half of the humerus and scapula was rendered and 3‐dimensionally printed. The bone model was embedded in a gelatin compound and set in a shoulder‐shaped mold. The materials used had speeds of sound that were well matched to soft tissue and epiphyseal bone. The model was specifically effective in simulating the acromiohumeral distance because of its accurate bone geometry.
Three‐Dimensional Sonography in the Differential Diagnosis of Interstitial, Angular, and Intrauterine Pregnancies in a Septate Uterus
Authors: Tanaka Yusuke , Mimura Kazuya , Kanagawa Takeshi , Kajimoto Etsuko , Takahashi Kei , Kakigano Aiko , Fujita Satoko , Kinugasa-Taniguchi Yukiko , Endo Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi
Published: October 2014

Interstitial, angular, and cornual pregnancies and intrauterine pregnancies in an anomalous uterus are separate entities, and the impact of each condition on obstetric outcomes is completely different. However, there is considerable confusion in understanding and managing the natural course of each condition due to a lack of uniform terminology. The single most important factor for differentiating these types of pregnancies is to make an early diagnosis. The differences between interstitial, angular, and cornual pregnancies on 2‐dimensional (2D) sonography are subtle. Although magnetic resonance imaging can be used to differentiate these conditions, it is not preferred as the initial assessment tool because of its limited availability and cost‐effectiveness. Three‐dimensional (3D) sonography has the advantage of providing views of the uterus that cannot be obtained with conventional 2D sonography. We describe 3 cases of interstitial, angular, and intrauterine pregnancies in a septate uterus that were clearly differentiated by 3D sonography. We demonstrate the differences in diagnostic imaging findings and emphasize the importance of 3D sonography in differentiating these entities.
Networks, Change and Crisis: The Web of Support
Authors: Saulnier Kathryn
Published: October 2014

Social networks have been shown to play an influential role in personal health and well-being. This paper reviews research on the relationship of networks to physical health, the life cycle, and psychopathology. Mediating factors such as size, density and composition are examined, and the relation of difference network structures to different needs discussed. A variety of network functions are outlined, including the ability to serve as buffers from the effects of stress, to provide exposure to new ideas and attitudes, and to supply emotional support and instrumental aid. Practical implications for those in helping professions are briefly reviewed.
Le Centre de Recherche et de Prevention du Suicide de Quebec: Historique, Philosophie, Fonctionnement et Evaluation D'un Programme en Sante Mentale Communautaire
Authors: Morissette Pierre
Published: October 2014

Cette étude a pour but de décrire l'implantation et l'évaluation d'un programme préventif en santé mentale concernant le problème du suicide dans la région de Québec-Métropolitain. Quatre aspects particuliers du programme y sont envisagés: l'historique de l'implantation du programme, sa philosophie, son fonctionnement pratique et son évaluation après trois années de fonctionnement. Dans cette dernière partie, l'auteur décrit les étapes essentielles selon lui à l'évaluation continue d'un programme en prévention du suicide et analyse les résultats obtenus dans une recherche épidémiologique portant sur la comparaison, pour une période donnée, entre la population utilisant le programme et la population qui se suicide effectivement dans la région du Québec-Métropolitain. L'intégration de la recherche évaluative à l'action et à l'intervention, en processus de rétroaction continue, y est considérée comme un élément primordial dans la planification efficace de stratégies préventives face à un problème psycho-social comme le suicide.
A Survey of Graduate Education in Community Psychology in Canada
Authors: Nelson Geoffrey , Tefft Bruce M.
Published: October 2014

A national survey was conducted to determine current opportunities for graduate education in community psychology in Canada. The results show expanded offerings for academic and field work education in community psychology in the past decade. Also, faculty perceptions of the goals, activities, and adequacy of training in community psychology were obtained. Finally, similarities and differences between graduate education in community psychology in Canada and the U.S. are noted. Issues related to the development of community psychology in Canada are discussed.
A Psycho-Educational Approach to Community Intervention with Ex-Mental Patients
Authors: Walsh Richard T.
Published: October 2014

After-care programmes for ex-mental patients in the mental health system lack an integrated, community approach. Some programmes neglect the concrete problems in community living ex-mental patients experience, others neglect the intrapersonal difficulties encountered in returning to community life. The psycho-educational approach described in this paper is a practical theory unifying the development of essential interpersonal and intrapersonal competencies. The basic therapeutic method is the problem-posing dialogue in which learner and teacher develop the learner's potential to be a productive individual. After reviewing after-care services. I discuss the three guiding principles of psycho-education: maximum consumer involvement, the unity of internal and external change, and in vivo intervention. Then I identify the critical therapeutic skills demanded and indicate the appropriate type of programme evaluation.
A Survey of Stress Management Practices and Attitudes in Community Health Settins in B.C.
Authors: Weinstein Malcolm S. , Conry Robert
Published: October 2014

Excessive stress is cited increasingly as a leading contributor to public health problems (Lalonde, 1974; U.S. Surgeon-General, 1980). In the fall of 1979 the Western Center for Preventive and Behavioral Medicine surveyed staff of community health settings in B.C. about current knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to stress and its management. Respondents (n = 337), who included community health nurses, physicians, psychologists, social workers, psychiatrist, and administrative-clerical staff, were asked about both their current and desired stress management practices, perceived barriers to practice, and their interest in follow-up education and research. Data were analyzed for these issues as well as by professional group and by type of community health setting, i.e. public vs. mental health. The results indicate a strong interest in both practice and further training in stress management by all Community Health groups, with greatest interest shown among community health nurses in public health settings. The survey provided support for the Western Center's efforts to develop, disseminate and evaluate clinical stress management materials for both public and private health practitioners.
Keeping the Community in Community Psychology and Community Mental Health: Maintenir la Communaute Dans la Psychologie Communautaire et Dans la Sante Mentale Communautaire
Authors: Kiely Margaret C.
Published: October 2014

The following address was delivered at the 43rd annual convention of the Canadian Psychological Association, on June 11, 1982, in Montreal, Quebec. Distinctions between community psychology and community mental health were set forth as focal point for a needed clarification of distinctions between clinical and community psychology, between academics and practitioners. Values underlying the interaction of the community and the professional were highlighted. Attention was drawn to the need for operational definitions of concepts currently used by community psychologists, and for the specific study of the historical antecedents within a Canadian context.
Treating Families with Adolescents: An Ecological Approach
Authors: Leahey Maureen , Slive Arnold
Published: October 2014

Over the past fifteen years, there have been recommendations in the field of psychotherapy and specifically in the field of family therapy to develop an ecological approach to the delivery of mental health services. Auerswald (1968) and Hoffman and Long (1969) graphically anecdoted the problems encountered by families “being helped” by several different agencies, each of which was working at cross purposes to the other. To avoid such splintering of services, an integrated approach has been advocated but as yet there exist few models of how to actually achieve this integration in a system which is already splintered. Such a system may exist when adolescents live outside their families and receive therapy from multiple sources. For example, if a teenager is in residential care it is not unusual to find representatives from the probation, school and social services systems all involved in delivering treatment. This is in addition to the services provided by the residential care staff. With so many helpers involved, there is a high potential for therapy to be fragmented. The focus of this paper, therefore, is to discuss an ecological approach to treating families who have a teenager living in residential care. The assumption is made that adolescents can best be treated in a family systems context. Initially, the ecological approach will be presented and attention will be given to the potential problems involved in working with multiple helpers. How specific family and individual developmental issues influence treatment planning will be discussed. Therapeutic issues to consider when implementing the ecological approach will be raised and practical suggestions will be given to facilitate effective work with multiple helpers.
Relations Entre la Personne Agee et sa Famille Lors de L'admission en Centre D'accueil: Evaluation D'un Programme de Soutien
Authors: Ducros Mireille , Lévesque Louise
Published: October 2014

A support program was offered to elderly individuals and their family during the admission period in a nursing home. Based on crises intervention and theoretical notions of family functioning, the program consists of two sessions before admission, one, the day of admission and two others, following the admission. The first and third sessions were held with the aged person and the family, the second and fourth with the family alone and the fifth was a session with a group of admitted elderly individuals. Nineteen aged persons and a family member of each of the nineteen families were part of the experimental and control groups.
Energy, Resource Development, and Human Values
Authors: Berger Thomas R.
Published: October 2014

We have come to regard the world as conceived by science and built by technology; but the people of the Mackenzie Valley and the Western Arctic have a long-established renewable resource sector based on hunting, trapping and fishing, and some limited logging and sawmilling. After extensive hearings, the Mackenzie Pipeline Inquiry recommended the postponement of pipeline construction for ten years to enable the settlement of native land claims, the strengthening of native society and of the traditional hunting and trapping economy, the development of the fishing industry, of recreation and of conservation so that the pace of development should not overwhelm the existing economic base with disastrous long-range social impacts. This approach to the rational application of industry and technology provides one example of the issues to be faced in re-assessing the drive towards unrestrained expansion and consumption and forging a new social and economic philosophy.
Alcohol Problems and Resource Development in Atikokan, Ontario: Benign Effects or Insufficient Information?
Authors: Giesbrecht Norman , McKenzie Diane
Published: October 2014

The monitoring of the potentially damaging impact of primary resource development on local or host communities is essential to good community planning. The Township of Atikokan negotiated an agreement for a community monitoring program with Ontario Hydro in 1978 prior to the construction of a generating station and the influx of a large transient workforce. The agreement provided for annual monitoring of socio-economic indicators, including alcohol and drug use, and related social changes reflected in public order and public health data. The monitoring data is complicated by the convergence of two social changes—the closing of the iron ore mines and the ongoing construction of the Hydro generating station. The results suggests that the monitoring of social impacts of rapid development require the use of conventional as well as more elaborate data-gathering techniques, with observation and survey methods as key components. In addition, temporal and organizational concerns indicate the need for longitudinal planning of impact assessment and the separation of social and economic investigations.
Psycho-Social Impacts of Resource Development: Research Strategies—An Overview of Issues
Authors: D'Arcy Carl
Published: October 2014

The multiple parameters of the resource development experience are outlined to provide a theoretical frame of reference for the study of these complex interactive systems. The concepts of impact and impact assessment are analysed with reference to individuals, communities, and development projects. Three major contextual dimensions of resource development experience are discussed: the model of development, the social and cultural context, and the population characteristics.
Mental Health Problems in a Mining Community in Western Labrador
Authors: Sampath Hugh
Published: October 2014

This study of the mental health problems of two typical isolated single-industry towns—Labrador City and Wabush—finds that the inhabitants are chronic transients in Labrador, and keep one foot firmly planted in Newfoundland. The principal stress factors leading to psychological decompensation and the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms are physical, cultural, social and emotional isolation, with economic isolation not playing a significant role.
Adult Mental Health Sequels of Child Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse and Neglect in Maternally Separated Children
Authors: Bagley Christopher , McDonald Margaret
Published: October 2014

A follow-up study is reported of the mental health and psychosexual adjustment in young adulthood of 57 girls who were removed from home in childhood by Social Service agencies because of abuse, neglect or family breakdown. Twenty of the girls had experienced sexual abuse within the family context before the age of 14. The 57 maternally separated girls were compared with 30 girls who had experienced non-disrupted childhood. Multiple regression analysis showed that early sexual abuse explained more of the variance in adult adjustment than either physical abuse and neglect, or maternal separation. It is concluded that, subject to the limits of the sample, early sexual abuse within the family has severe long-term implications for mental health in adulthood unless appropriate therapeutic intervention is offered. Combinations of sexual abuse with physical abuse or neglect commenced early in the child's life, have particularly adverse outcomes.