bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OnPLS—a novel multiblock method for the modelling of predictive and orthogonal variation
Authors: Löfstedt Tommy , Trygg Johan
Published: April 2011

This paper presents a new multiblock analysis method called OnPLS, a general extension of O2PLS to the multiblock case. The proposed method is equivalent to O2PLS in cases involving only two matrices, but generalises to cases involving more than two matrices without giving preference to any particular matrix: the method is fully symmetric. OnPLS extracts a minimal number of globally predictive components that exhibit maximal covariance and correlation. Furthermore, the method can be used to study orthogonal variation, i.e. local phenomena captured in the data that are specific to individual combinations of matrices or to individual matrices. The method's utility was demonstrated by its application to three synthetic data sets. It was shown that OnPLS affords a reduced number of globally predictive components and increased intercorrelations of scores, and that it greatly facilitates interpretation of the predictive model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dearomatisation of o‐Xylene by P450BM3 (CYP102A1)
Authors: Whitehouse Christopher J. C. , Rees Nicholas H. , Bell Stephen G. , Wong Luet‐Lok
Published: April 2011

The oxidation of o‐xylene by P450BM3 from Bacillus megaterium yields, in addition to the products formed by microsomal P450s, two metabolites containing an NIH‐shifted methyl group, one of which lacks the aromatic character of the substrate. The failure of the epoxide precursor of these two products to rearrange to the more stable 2,7‐dimethyloxepin suggests that ring opening is P450‐mediated. With m‐xylene, the principal metabolite is 2,4‐dimethylphenol. The partition between aromatic and benzylic hydroxylation is primarily governed by the steric prescriptions of the active site rather than by CH bond reactivity. It is also substrate‐dependent, o‐ and m‐xylene appearing to bind to the enzyme in different orientations. The product distributions given by variants containing the F87A mutation, which creates additional space in the active site, resemble those reported for microsomal systems.
Unexpected efficiency of non‐C2‐symmetric bis(hydroxyamide)‐based zinc‐chelate catalysts
Authors: Sánchez‐Carnerero Esther M. Márquez , de las Casas Engel Tomás , Lora Maroto Beatriz , de la Moya Cerero Santiago
Published: April 2011

Asymmetric bis(hydroxyamide)‐based zinc‐chelate catalysts are able to promote the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde in the absence of titanium with yields and ees comparable, or inclusively superior, to their C2‐symmetric analogues. This unexpected fact demonstrates that the previously established assumption on the necessity of using C2‐symmetric bis(hydrdoxyamides) to generate C2‐symmetric zinc‐chelate catalysts can be discarded, which expand the possibilities for designing new ligands based on the interesting hydroxyl‐amide functional grouping. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Granules: Influence on Flow Behavior
Authors: Glöß Bianca , Fries Manfred , Nebelung Manfred
Published: April 2011

Keramische Granulate weisen auf Grund ihres strukturellen Aufbaus duktile Eigenschaften auf. Diese im Vergleich zu primären Partikelsystemen besondere Eigenschaft hat Auswirkungen auf das Schüttgutverhalten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse zum Einfluss der mechanischen Granulateigenschaften auf das Fließverhalten unter Berücksichtigung der Granulatgröße präsentiert.
Synthesis of Triazenoazaindoles: a New Class of Triazenes with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Diana Patrizia , Stagno Antonina , Barraja Paola , Carbone Anna , Parrino Barbara , Dall'Acqua Francesco , Vedaldi Daniela , Salvador Alessia , Brun Paola , Castagliuolo Ignazio , Issinger Olaf Georg , Cirrincione Girolamo
Published: April 2011

Despite improvements in the treatment and prevention of cancer, the number of new diagnoses continues to rise; this has fuelled substantial interest in the development of new and effective chemotherapeutic agents. Compounds of the triazene class, such as dacarbazine, have been used in the clinical management of many cancer types including brain, leukemia, and melanoma. A new compound class bearing a triazenoazaindole scaffold was synthesized with the aim of identifying new antiproliferative agents. Compounds 5 a–g and 6 a–c were screened against a panel of human tumor cell lines, and two of them, 5 e and 5 f, showed cytotoxicity (GI50 range: 2.2–8.2 μM) in all cell lines. These two compounds even maintained their cytotoxicity in some multidrug‐resistant cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated their ability to induce cell death by apoptosis with involvement of lysosomes.
Providing developmentally appropriate psychosocial care to adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Authors: D'Agostino Norma M. , Penney Annette , Zebrack Brad
Published: April 2011

To deliver developmentally appropriate psychosocial care, the key developmental tasks facing adolescents and young adults (AYA) need to be taken into consideration. These include establishing autonomy from parents; a personal set of values and identity; strong peer relationships, including intimate and sexual relationships; and obtaining adequate preparation to join the workforce. To minimize the amount of disruption caused by the cancer experience and to maximize the health‐related quality of life of AYA patients, young individuals with cancer need opportunities to participate as much as possible in typical AYA activities and to master the developmental tasks of this life stage. Promoting a sense of normalcy is essential. To achieve this, the health care environment must be flexible and recognize the important role of peers. Informational and practical supports also are necessary for AYA to stay on track developmentally in the context of coping with cancer. Critical elements of effective AYA psychosocial services should include access to AYA‐specific information and support resources, fertility and sexuality counseling, programs to maximize academic and vocational functioning, and financial support. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2329–34. © 2011 American Cancer Society..
Oncofertility and preservation of reproductive capacity in children and young adults
Authors: Wallace W. Hamish B.
Published: April 2011

With increasing numbers of survivors from cancer at a young age, the issue of fertility preservation has assumed greater importance. This review describes normal ovarian and testicular function and summarizes what is known about the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on the gonads and uterus. All young patients with cancer or leukemia should have their fertility prognosis discussed before the initiation of treatment. Sperm and embryo cryopreservation should be considered standard practice and be widely available for those at significant risk of infertility. For prepubertal girls, ovarian tissue cryopreservation should be considered if the risk of premature menopause is high, but for the prepubertal boy there are no established techniques in current practice. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2301–10. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Youth excel
Authors: Riley Barbara L. , Manske Steve , Cameron Roy
Published: April 2011

Population‐level intervention is required to prevent cancer and other chronic diseases. It also promotes health for those living with established risk factors and illness. In this article, the authors describe a vision and approach for continuously improving population‐level programs and policies within and beyond the health sector. The vision and approach are anchored in contemporary thinking about what is required to link evidence and action in the field of population and public health. The authors believe that, as a cancer prevention and control community, organizations and practitioners must be able to use the best available evidence to inform action and continually generate evidence that improves prevention policies and programs on an ongoing basis. These imperatives require leaders in policy, practice, and research fields to work together to jointly plan, conduct, and act on relevant evidence. The Propel Center and colleagues are implementing this approach in Youth Excel—a pan‐Canadian initiative that brings together national and provincial organizations from health and education sectors and capitalizes on a history of collaboration. The objective of Youth Excel is to build sustainable capacity for knowledge development and exchange that can guide and redirect prevention efforts in a rapidly evolving social environment. This goal is to contribute to creating health‐promoting environments and to accelerate progress in preventing cancer and other diseases among youth and young adults and in the wider population. Although prevention is the aim, health‐promoting environments also can support health gains for individuals of all ages and with established illness. In addition, the approach Youth Excel is taking to link evidence and action may be applicable to early intervention and treatment components of cancer control. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2281–8. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Targeted therapy in pediatric and adolescent oncology
Authors: Bernstein Mark L.
Published: April 2011

Cancers in children and adolescents are fortunately infrequent. Overall, cure rates are good, approximately 80%, although this varies by histology and stage. Targeted therapies aim to improve efficacy and decrease toxicity by more specifically affecting malignant cells or their supporting stroma. Cancers of early life are often of different histology than those seen in adults. Sometimes, the same pathway is affected, even if the histology is different. Toxicities may also be different, particularly in younger children. These factors render drug development in young people challenging. This article reviews some successes and challenges to that development, including brief discussions of imatinib, lestaurtinib, antiangiogenesis, and anti‐GD2 therapies. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2268–74. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A review of Canadian health care and cancer care systems
Authors: Sutcliffe Simon B.
Published: April 2011

Canada is a westernized, market‐economy nation with a publicly funded health care and cancer control system and has health indices reflective of a high‐resource economy. Provision of health services is in accord with the Canada Health Act and is implemented through federal, provincial, and territorial relations wherein federal funding partly provides support for the provincial/territorial delivery of health services. Cancer services are provided within the acute health care system with dedicated entities existing in parallel in most provinces to provide services specific to the diagnosis, treatment, and support of cancer patients. Interprovincial and territorial collaboration to enhance and facilitate optimal cancer system performance is enabled through the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (the Canadian national cancer control initiative). Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients use both the pediatric and adult cancer systems. There is recognition, however, that although AYA patients are numerically a small portion of all cancer patients, the negative personal, societal, and socioeconomic impacts of potential years of life lost are substantial and can be lessened through attention to awareness, education, redesign of care and care pathways, quality of life, developmental aspects related to adolescent‐teen‐adult transitions, continuity of care, and surveillance across pediatric and adult settings. Appropriate solutions need to be established within the framework of the Canadian Health Service by innovative rethinking and realignment of system capacity and performance to the special needs of AYA cancer patients. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2241–4. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Awareness and advocacy for adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: McGoldrick Devon , Gordon Pamela , Whiteson Myrna , Adams Heidi , Rogers Paul , Sutcliffe Simon
Published: April 2011

Increasing the awareness of the clinical and psychosocial needs that are particular to adolescents and young adults (AYA) was a top priority, as was strengthening advocacy efforts to empower and support this group. To date, AYA advocates had some success in generating public awareness and building a solid clinical justification for increased focus on this population. It had been established that the economic burden of their mortality was significant, their cancers were unusual, their medical care was often inadequate, and their outcomes for many cancers had not improved in the past 3 decades. As the awareness and advocacy campaign continued to grow and evolve across the globe, it was an important goal to integrate the efforts of all stakeholders to ensure that it progressed with a single, consensual, focused message identifying a common priority for action. By coordinating the efforts of the scientific, medical, and advocacy communities, it was possible to amplify their separate efforts and activities and more efficiently achieve large‐scale change in the world of AYA oncology. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2311–5. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Screening for cancer in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Bryant Heather
Published: April 2011

Cancer screening interventions offer the potential for both risk and benefit. Research related to screening and cancer in children or adolescents/young adults (AYA) can approach any of several questions. One question to be addressed is whether population‐based screening tests can be developed that would reduce incidence or mortality from cancer in children or AYA without causing undue risk to the healthy population and with reasonable cost‐effectiveness. This has not yet proven to be possible, and some of the relevant considerations are discussed in this article. The second question concerns the use of screening tests commonly applied to the general population and the special considerations when applied in the context of children/AYA with cancer or of adult survivors. Finally, a third general area of research concerns the inclusion of specialized screening in the follow‐up of survivors of cancer in children and AYA to address the potential for recurrences, new primaries, and long‐term sequelae of treatment. Although current guidelines for screening in follow‐up are derived from a blend of evidence and expert clinical opinion, it is likely that future guidelines will evolve as a result of clinically intense research that takes into consideration the needs of this very unique group. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2275–80. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Circulating and tumor‐infiltrating myeloid cells predict survival in human pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Burt Bryan M. , Rodig Scott J. , Tilleman Tamara R. , Elbardissi Andrew W. , Bueno Raphael , Sugarbaker David J.
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) tumor cells produce copious amounts of myeloid cell‐stimulating factors. The current study examined the prognostic significance of circulating monocytes and tumor‐infiltrating macrophages on overall survival in patients with MPM.

METHODS:

The authors retrospectively reviewed 667 patients with MPM who underwent cytoreductive surgery at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts between 1989 and 2009. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the impact of preoperative circulating monocytes on overall survival. Immunohistochemical staining for CD68 was performed on a tissue microarray of MPM tumors from 52 patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery. The phenotype of circulating monocytes and tumor‐infiltrating macrophages in 7 additional patients was determined by flow cytometry.

RESULTS:

The median survival for all patients was 13.4 months, and 35% of patients had tumors of nonepithelial histology. For patients with nonepithelial compared with epithelial tumors, survival was significantly worse (9.3 months vs 16.6 months; P < .0001), the number of monocytes was significantly higher (580 ± 20 cells/μL vs 520 ± 10 cells/μL; P = .002), and higher monocyte counts were associated with higher tumor stage. Increasing monocyte counts were correlated with poor survival for all patients with MPM. Within MPM tumors, macrophages comprised 27% ± 9% of the tumor area and demonstrated an immunosuppressive phenotype with high expression of CD163, CD206, and interleukin‐4 receptor α. The degree of macrophage infiltration was found to be negatively correlated with survival in patients with nonepithelial (P = .008) but not those with epithelial (P = .7) MPM, independent of disease stage.

CONCLUSIONS:

Higher numbers of circulating monocytes are associated with poor survival in all patients with MPM and higher densities of tumor‐infiltrating macrophages are associated with poor survival in patients with nonepithelial MPM. Both may enable a novel target for immunotherapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Failure patterns and clinical implications in early stage nasal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma treated with primary radiotherapy
Authors: Li Ye‐Xiong , Liu Qing‐Feng , Wang Wei‐Hu , Jin Jing , Song Yong‐Wen , Wang Shu‐Lian , Liu Yue‐Ping , Liu Xin‐Fan , Zhou Li‐Qiang , Yu Zi‐Hao
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

This study aimed to evaluate the failure patterns and clinical implications in patients with early stage nasal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma treated with primary radiotherapy.

METHODS:

Two‐hundred fourteen patients were included. There were 182 cases of stage I and 32 cases of stage II disease. Patients received radiotherapy alone (n = 96) or radiotherapy and chemotherapy (n = 118). The median dose was 50 grays, and most patients received doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy.

RESULTS:

The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival rates for all patients were 72% and 65%, respectively. Sixty‐three patients experienced treatment failure. The 5‐year cumulative incidences of locoregional, systemic, and overall failures were 12.0%, 25.5%, and 32.9%, respectively. Stage and paranasal extension were significant predictors for systemic failure. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of systemic failure was 22.6% for stage I disease versus 42.7% for stage II disease (P < .001), and 16.9% for limited disease versus 30.4% for paranasal extension (P < .001), respectively. Adding chemotherapy to extended involved‐field radiotherapy did not significantly decrease the systemic failure rate nor improve survival. The cumulative incidence of systemic failure and OS rate at 5 years were 24.1% and 74.4% for combined modality therapy compared with 28.5% (P = 0.758) and 69.8% (P = 0.529) for radiotherapy alone. A very low incidence of cervical lymph node or central nervous system relapse was observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients with early stage nasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma have excellent locoregional control and favorable prognosis with radiotherapy, but patients with stage II disease or paranasal extension are at high risk of systemic failure, emphasizing the importance of integration of optimal radiotherapy with innovative systemic therapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Numerical study on peristaltic flow of generalized burgers' fluids in uniform tubes in the presence of an endoscope
Authors: Tripathi Dharmendra
Published: April 2011

This manuscript focuses on the numerical study of peristaltic flow of generalized Burgers' fluid through the gap between concentric uniform tubes (inner tube is rigid and outer tube is flexible) with an endoscope. The analysis has been carried out under the long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. The expressions of axial velocity, volume flow rate, pressure gradient and stream function are obtained by two different methods, namely; the homotopy perturbation method and the variational iteration method. The details of implementation of two methods are provided. Parametric study is performed at the end of the paper for analyzing the effects of emerging parameters on pressure‐rise per wavelength friction forces at the walls and trapping. It is found that pressure‐rise diminishes with increase in the magnitude of the first fractional parameter, second material constant and the ratio of radii of tubes, whereas the effect of second fractional parameter and other three material constants (first, third and fourth) on pressure‐rise is found to be the opposite. The influences of all these parameters on friction force (on the inner and outer tubes) are opposite to that of pressure‐rise. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photochromism and Metal Complexation of a Macrocyclic Styryl Naphthopyran
Authors: Tulyakova Elena V. , Fedorova Olga A. , Micheau Jean‐Claude , Paramonov Sergey V. , Lokshin Vladimir , Vermeersch Gaston , Delbaere Stephanie
Published: April 2011

A macrocyclic benzo‐15‐crown‐5 ether unit tethered to a photochromic naphthopyran by a styryl spacer (MEN) is shown to form a 1:1 complex with magnesium(II). The structure and dynamics of the specific host–metal interactions were investigated by PFG‐NMR analysis. A combination of UV/Vis and variable temperature multi‐dimensional 1H NMR photokinetic analysis of the crown‐containing styryl naphthopyran and its metal complex was used to probe the effect of metal complexation on the photochromism.
Tumor suppressor Lzap regulates cell cycle progression, doming, and zebrafish epiboly
Authors: Liu Dan , Wang Wen‐Der , Melville David B. , Cha Yong I. , Yin Zhirong , Issaeva Natalia , Knapik Ela W. , Yarbrough Wendell G.
Published: April 2011

Initial stages of embryonic development rely on rapid, synchronized cell divisions of the fertilized egg followed by a set of morphogenetic movements collectively called epiboly and gastrulation. Lzap is a putative tumor suppressor whose expression is lost in 30% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Lzap activities include regulation of cell cycle progression and response to therapeutic agents. Here, we explore developmental roles of the lzap gene during zebrafish morphogenesis. Lzap is highly conserved among vertebrates and is maternally deposited. Expression is initially ubiquitous during gastrulation, and later becomes more prominent in the pharyngeal arches, digestive tract, and brain. Antisense morpholino‐mediated depletion of Lzap resulted in delayed cell divisions and apoptosis during blastomere formation, resulting in fewer, larger cells. Cell cycle analysis suggested that Lzap loss in early embryonic cells resulted in a G2/M arrest. Furthermore, the Lzap‐deficient embryos failed to initiate epiboly—the earliest morphogenetic movement in animal development—which has been shown to be dependent on cell adhesion and migration of epithelial sheets. Our results strongly implicate Lzap in regulation of cell cycle progression, adhesion and migratory activity of epithelial cell sheets during early development. These functions provide further insight into Lzap activity that may contribute not only to development, but also to tumor formation. Developmental Dynamics 240:1613–1625, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extreme flow variability and the ‘boom and bust’ ecology of fish in arid‐zone floodplain rivers: a case history with implications for environmental flows, conservation and management
Authors: Arthington Angela H. , Balcombe Stephen R.
Published: April 2011

Floodplain rivers in arid and semi‐arid regions may be the most threatened of all river systems because water resource developments typically dampen their most distinctive characteristics—extreme flow variability and ‘boom and bust’ ecological dynamics. This article shows how one of the world's most variable arid‐zone river systems—Cooper Creek in Australia's Lake Eyre Basin—functions and how it supports its unique fish assemblage and productive fisheries. The ecological roles of drought refugia, channel flows and flooding are reviewed in relation to fish persistence and losses, life history strategies, movement potential, food web processes and production levels. Comparisons are drawn with other floodplain rivers and fisheries to draw out common understandings and universal principles for conservation and management of arid‐zone rivers and their fish resources. Ecological implications of hydrologic alterations and land‐based activities are presented to highlight the importance of maintaining the hydrologic, geomorphic, sedimentary and biogeochemical processes of arid‐zone river systems. Preservation or restoration of natural flow intermittency, sequential flood pulses, complex habitat mosaics, connectivity and identification of the environmental flow requirements for highly valued species and processes are key scientific principles for the management of arid‐zone floodplain rivers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 5/11
Authors: Roszik János , Sebestyén Zsolt , Govers Coen , Guri Yakir , Szöőr Árpád , Pályi‐Krekk Zsuzsanna , Vereb György , Nagy Peter , Szöllősi János , Debets Reno
Published: April 2011

The cover image of this issue consists of a confocal microscopic FRET image showing immunological synapse formation in Jurkat T cells, and is taken from Roszik et al. (pp. 1288–1297). In this article, the authors characterize TCR‐ζ, a heterodimer of TCR‐α and β chains each coupled to complete human CD3ζ, in gene‐engineered T cells and assess whether this receptor is able to interact with surface molecules and drive correct synapse formation in Jurkat T cells. The authors notably demonstrate that TCR‐ζ is able to induce synapse formation upon antigen recognition, and that synapse formation induced by TCR‐ζ is independent of TCR‐CD3.
Photovoltaic Performance and Characteristics of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Prepared with the N719 Thermal Degradation Products [Ru(LH)2(NCS)(4‐tert‐butylpyridine)][N(Bu)4] and [Ru(LH)2(NCS)(1‐methylbenzimidazole)][N(Bu)4]
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Tuyet , Lam Binh Xuan Thi , Andersen Anders Rand , Hansen Poul Erik , Lund Torben
Published: April 2011

The dye‐sensitized solar cell N719 thermal degradation products [Ru(LH)2(NCS)(4‐tert‐butylpyridine)][N(Bu)4] (1) and [Ru(LH)2(NCS)(1‐methylbenzimidazole)][N(Bu)4] (2) were synthesized from [Ru(LH)2(NCS)2][N(Bu)4]2 (N719), (L = 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid) and characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs or DSSCs) prepared with 1 and 2 have efficiencies that are three and two times lower than N719 cells, respectively. Analysis of the UV/Vis and incident‐photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) spectra indicates that the main reason for the reduced efficiencies is a reduced electron collection efficiency (ηcoll). The substituted dyes give rise to lower potentials and currents. When measured at open circuit voltage illumination, the impedance is very different for such cells relative to N719 cells. Furthermore, the lifetime (τeff) of the electrons in the TiO2 is reduced by a factor of around ten. The low τeff values may be related to the positive charge on dyes 1 and 2, which results in an enhanced local concentration of I3– near the photoanode and thereby a higher dark current. N719 cells at higher temperature result in slightly lower potentials, and this alone leads to a change in impedance response when measured at open circuit voltage. The same parts of the impedance spectrum are affected (i.e., the interface between the photoanode and the electrolyte is affected in the same way) when we compare data from N719 heated cells and DSCs prepared with 1 or 2 and not thermally treated.
Silver(II) Fluorosulfate: A Thermally Fragile Ferromagnetic Derivative of Divalent Silver in an Oxa‐Ligand Environment
Authors: Malinowski Przemysław J. , Derzsi Mariana , Mazej Zoran , Jagličić Zvonko , Leszczyński Piotr J. , Michałowski Tomasz , Grochala Wojciech
Published: April 2011

Several synthetic pathways and characterization of silver(II) fluorosulfate are reported. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/c, with a = 10.5130(4) Å, b = 7.7524(3) Å, c = 8.9366(4) Å, β = 117.867(2)° [V = 643.88(5) Å3, Z = 4, dcalcd. = 3.15 g cm–3] in a structure type related to that of AgF2. Puckered [Ag(SO3F)2] sheets are present in the crystal structure with two oxygen atoms of the fluorosulfate anions utilized for bonding within the sheet; the third oxygen atom serves as a linker to the adjacent sheet. Terminal fluorine atoms form small cavities in the structure. The S–O stretching region of the vibrational (IR and Raman) spectra is rich in bands, thus confirming the structural complexity of Ag(SO3F)2. Ag(SO3F)2 is a soft ferromagnet with a Curie temperature of 24.8 K and it shows a single broad electron spin resonance (ESR) with g = 2.183 at T = 293 K. The intrasheet magnetic superexchange constant, J, derived from magnetization measurements, equals +1.0 meV per formula unit. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the superexchange occurs through the OO moiety of the Ag–O–S–O–Ag bridge while omitting the S atom, and the yield is J = +1.1 meV. The Coulomb‐corrected local spin density approximation (LSDA+U) calculations predict a direct electronic band gap at the Fermi level of 1.05 eV. Large magnetic moments reside on O atoms attached to AgII; in consequence, Ag(SO3F)2 is thermally unstable; at room temperature or in the presence of strong acids its dark brown crystals slowly decompose at the surface to a black mixed‐valence Ag3(SO3F)4. Very fast exothermic decomposition of Ag(SO3F)2 with emission of a fluorosulfuryl radical (SO3F·) occurs above 120 °C as confirmed by simultaneous thermogravimetric, calorimetric and evolved gas analyses.
Quinine‐Catalysed Double Michael Addition of Malononitrile to 1,5‐Disubstituted Pentadien‐3‐ones: A Stereoselective Route to Cyclohexanones
Authors: De Fusco Claudia , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: April 2011

The stereoselective synthesis of 4‐oxo‐2,6‐diaryl‐cyclohexane‐1,1‐dicarbonitriles has been developed through double Michael addition of malononitrile to 1,5‐disubstituted pentadien‐3‐ones catalysed by quinine. This simple cascade process affords cyclohexanones in moderate‐to‐good yields, excellent diastereoselectivity and up to 86 %ee. The isolation of the monoaddition product helps to shed light on thestereochemical outcome of the two‐step process.
Hydrodynamic injection with pneumatic valving for microchip electrophoresis with total analyte utilization
Authors: Sun Xuefei , Kelly Ryan T. , Danielson William F. , Agrawal Nitin , Tang Keqi , Smith Richard D.
Published: April 2011

A novel hydrodynamic injector that is directly controlled by a pneumatic valve has been developed for reproducible microchip CE separations. The PDMS devices used for the evaluation comprise a separation channel, a side channel for sample introduction, and a pneumatic valve aligned at the intersection of the channels. A low pressure (≤3 psi) applied to the sample reservoir is sufficient to drive sample into the separation channel. The rapidly actuated pneumatic valve enables injection of discrete sample plugs as small as ∼100 pL for CE separation. The injection volume can be easily controlled by adjusting the intersection geometry, the solution back pressure, and the valve actuation time. Sample injection could be reliably operated at different frequencies (<0.1 Hz to >2 Hz) with good reproducibility (peak height relative standard deviation ≤3.6%) and no sampling biases associated with the conventional electrokinetic injections. The separation channel was dynamically coated with a cationic polymer, and FITC‐labeled amino acids were employed to evaluate the CE separation. Highly efficient (≥7.0×103 theoretical plates for the ∼2.4‐cm‐long channel) and reproducible CE separations were obtained. The demonstrated method has numerous advantages compared with the conventional techniques, including repeatable and unbiased injections, little sample waste, high duty cycle, controllable injected sample volume, and fewer electrodes with no need for voltage switching. The prospects of implementing this injection method for coupling multidimensional separations for multiplexing CE separations and for sample‐limited bioanalyses are discussed.
Capillary electrophoresis analysis of inorganic cations in post‐blast residue extracts applying a guanidinium‐based electrolyte and bilayer‐coated capillaries
Authors: Sarazin Cédric , Delaunay Nathalie , Costanza Christine , Eudes Véronique , Gareil Pierre
Published: April 2011

A new CE method was developed for the identification and quantitation of inorganic cations in post‐blast residues. The simultaneous analysis in 20 min total runtime of eight cations in post‐blast residues (ammonium, potassium, monomethylammonium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, strontium), plus lithium cation as the internal reference, was carried out with a BGE involving a non‐CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic, and harmful to reproduction) chromophore (guanidinium cation) and a double‐layer modified capillary (hexadimethrine bromide/polyvinylsulfonate). A study of UV detection conditions using guanidinium ion as the probe led us to set the analysis and reference wavelengths and their associated bandwidths as well as the probe concentration fixed at 15 mM. The successive multiple ionic‐polymer layer approach limited the cation adsorption on capillary wall and improved the EOF stability. These caused a significant improvement in method repeatability. Intermediate precisions were 2.4% for corrected areas and 1.3% for normalized migration times. Limits of detection close to 1 mg/L for all cations were obtained. The matrix effects were studied with chemometric approach for different matrices representative of those collected after explosion. Tests with blank matrix extracts of soil, cloth, and with simulated matrix extract containing 800 mg/L Ca2+ and 500 mg/L Fe2+ were carried out and no significant matrix effects were observed. Finally, analyses of real residues collected after cash dispenser and homemade firework explosions demonstrate excellent correlation between the CE results and those obtained with the ion chromatography method used routinely.
Structural analysis of the recombinant therapeutic product rFVIII and its PEGylated variants using 2‐D DIGE
Authors: Monetti Christina , Rottensteiner Hanspeter , Gritsch Herbert , Weber Alfred , Scheiflinger Friedrich , Turecek Peter L.
Published: April 2011

2‐D DIGE is a method that circumvents the gel‐to‐gel variability inherent in conventional 2‐DE and is particularly useful for studying proteome changes in diverse applications such as developmental biology and tissue proteomics. We developed a 2‐D DIGE protocol for recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII), a therapeutic protein used for the treatment of hemophilia A. The factor VIII heterodimer is composed of heterogeneous, heavily glycosylated heavy and light chains that are held together by a divalent cation. 2‐DE of rFVIII led to a separation of the various fragments whose identity could be determined by Western blot. A comparison of two rFVIII batches by 2‐D DIGE revealed their identical composition, whereas an rFVIII variant lacking its central B domain was congruent with the smallest heavy and light chain fragments of rFVIII only. A simpler pattern was obtained upon removal of the terminal sialic acids of rFVIII's glycans, due to a better focusing in the first dimension. 2‐D DIGE was also well suited to structurally evaluate various PEGylated rFVIII conjugates. 2‐D DIGE thus proved an excellent and straightforward method for structural analysis of rFVIII. Our data suggest that the method could serve as a tool for quality control of very complex pharmaceutically active ingredients.
Microbioreactor design for 3‐D cell cultivation to create a pharmacological screening system
Authors: Fernekorn Uta , Hampl Jörg , Weise Frank , Augspurger Caroline , Hildmann Christian , Klett Maren , Läffert Annette , Gebinoga Michael , Weibezahn Karl‐Friedrich , Schlingloff Gregor , Worgull Mathias , Schneider Mark , Schober Andreas
Published: April 2011

A biocompatible cell culture environment that enables continued existence of three dimensionally aggregated cells in a polycarbonate‐based scaffold structure was developed. A micro structured polymeric scaffold allows perfusion of cells due to a microporous structure generated by ion track etching and micro thermoforming. Biocompatibility and sterilizability was approved for the whole system. As oxygenation and mass transport within a closed system is most relevant for 3‐D cell culture, two approaches of pumping systems were tested. The human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 was used to examine basic cytological parameters in response to the enviroment. Our data indicate that an actively perfused 3‐D cell culture induces a more differentiated phenotype in HepG2 cells than the 2‐D setup. Thus, our results provide further support to the theory that 3‐D‐cultivated cells display a non‐proliferative behavior. In this respect, 3‐D cultures resemble in vivo conditions more closely. Microreactors are widely applied for organic syntheses, but can also be used for screening applications in drug discovery and medical research. The bioreactor versions presented here were equipped with active fluidic components.
Spatial trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Canadian fish and implications for long-term monitoring
Authors: Gewurtz Sarah B , McGoldrick Daryl J , Clark Mandi G , Keir Michael J , Malecki Mary M , Gledhill Melissa , Sekela Mark , Syrgiannis Jim , Evans Marlene S , Armellin Alain , Pomeroy Joe , Waltho Jasmine , Backus Sean M
Published: April 2011

A nationwide study was conducted to examine concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in top predatory fish, with a focus on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), across Canada, and to explore possible influences of food web processes. Concentrations of the three most abundant PBDE homolog groups (tetra-, penta-, and hexa-PBDEs) were, for the most part, higher in Great Lakes and Lake Champlain fish compared with fish from other systems. The Canadian Federal Environmental Quality Guideline for the penta-homolog was exceeded in 70% of the fish examined. However, virtually no guideline exceedances were found for other congeners. In general, PBDE-47 (a representative lower brominated congener) was significantly and positively correlated with fish length, weight, age, lipid content, and stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon. Significant differences in the slopes of the PBDE-47/covariate relationships between sites prevented concentrations from being adjusted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). However, plots showed that elevated concentrations of PBDE-47 in Great Lakes and Lake Champlain fish remained after accounting for the influence of covariates. In contrast, for PBDE-183 (a representative higher brominated congener), the relationships between fish concentrations and covariates were not consistent, which could be a result of biotransformation being more important in controlling its bioaccumulation. The data from the current study show an overall disconnect between fish PBDE concentrations and likely loadings, which may be caused by differences in food web processes between systems. Continued long-term fish contaminant monitoring is needed to evaluate potential risk to fish and their consumers. However, we also recommend sediment sampling and focused food web studies to provide information on PBDE inputs to the systems and mechanisms of biomagnification, respectively. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1564–1575. © 2011 SETAC
Normal sexual dimorphism in the human basal ganglia
Authors: Rijpkema Mark , Everaerd Daphne , van der Pol Carline , Franke Barbara , Tendolkar Indira , Fernández Guillén
Published: April 2011

Male and female brains differ in both structure and function. Investigating this sexual dimorphism in healthy subjects is an important first step to ultimately gain insight into sex‐specific differences in behavior and risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. The basal ganglia are among the main regions containing sex steroid receptors in the brain and play a central role in cognitive (dys)functioning. However, little is known about sexual dimorphism of different basal ganglia nuclei. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex‐specific differences in basal ganglia morphology using MRI. We applied automatic volumetry on anatomical MRI data of two large cohorts of healthy young adults (n = 463 and n = 541) and assessed the volume of four major nuclei of the basal ganglia: caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, and putamen, while controlling for total gray matter volume, total white matter volume, and age of the participant. No significant sex differences were found for caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens, but males showed significantly larger volumes for globus pallidus and putamen, as confirmed in both cohorts. These results show that sexual dimorphism is neither a general effect in the basal ganglia nor confined to just one specific nucleus, and will aid the interpretation of differences in basal ganglia (dys)function between males and females. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A general approach to enantiomeric γ‐aminophosphonic acids using chiral sulfinimine methodology
Authors: Łyżwa Piotr , Mikołajczyk Marian
Published: April 2011

A new approach to asymmetric synthesis of γ‐aminophosphonic acids is described. It involves the diastereoselective addition of various carbon and phosphorus nucleophiles to enantiopure (+)‐(S)‐N‐[(3‐diethoxyphosphoryl)propylidene]‐p‐toluenesulfinamide and subsequent acid hydrolysis of the adducts formed. The utility of the method is illustrated by the synthesis of (+)‐(S)‐2‐ amino‐4‐phosphonobutanoic acid (AP4), and both enantiomerically enriched (–)‐(R)‐ and (+)‐(S)‐1‐amino‐propane‐1,3‐diphosphonic acid. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:594–598, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20710
Prediction of surgical outcome using plasma epstein–barr virus dna and 18F‐FDG PET‐CT scan in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , Chow Velda Ling Yu , Mok Vivian Way Kay , Ho Ambrose Chung Wai , Wei William Ignace
Published: April 2011

Background

This study was carried out to determine the role of plasma Epstein–Barr virus (pEBV)‐DNA and positron‐emission tomography (PET)‐CT scan in predicting the outcome of nasopharyngectomy and cervical lymphadenectomy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

Between 2007 and 2009, we recruited patients who had local or regional recurrent NPC after radiotherapy. The relationship between preoperative pEBV‐DNA level, maximal standard uptake value (SUVmax), and surgical outcome was analyzed.

Results

Forty‐two patients had local tumor recurrence. Their median pEBV‐DNA level and SUVmax were 348 copies and 4.7, respectively. Both values were significantly lower than those with palliative nasopharyngectomy. Twenty‐two patients had regional failure. Their mean pEBV‐DNA level and tumor SUVmax were 626 copies and 7.6, respectively. The metastatic lymph nodes with extracapsular spread had a significantly higher mean SUVmax.

Conclusions

Preoperative pEBV‐DNA and PET‐CT predict the surgical outcome of nasopharyngectomy for recurrent NPC. Similarly, PET‐CT scan predicts the presence of extracapsular spread of metastatic lymph nodes. These patients may warrant further postoperative adjuvant therapy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Evidence for treatment strategies in sinonasal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lund Valerie J. , Chisholm Edward J. , Takes Robert P. , Suárez Carlos , Mendenhall William M. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Llorente José L. , Terhaard Chris H. J. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Maughan Elizabeth , Ferlito Alfio
Published: April 2011

Adenocarcinomas of various types account for 10% to 20% of all primary malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. There is a general consensus that the optimal treatment of adenocarcinoma is surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The purpose of this report was to review the results of this combined treatment as well as other treatment strategies and their outcome. Most series present outcome data from a heterogeneous group of patients, with a wide variety of tumor subtypes presenting at differing stages, who received a variety of treatment strategies. Surgical excision remains the treatment of choice. The choice of approach is determined by what will best allow complete excision of the disease. Endoscopic techniques, if feasible for complete removal of the tumor, offer results comparable to those of external approaches with lower morbidity. Although clear evidence to support the use of radiotherapy in sinonasal adenocarcinoma is difficult to obtain, local control rates of combined treatment strategies for advanced cases are comparable to less advanced cases with surgery alone, suggesting a positive role for postoperative radiotherapy. However, the importance of thorough surgical resection should be stressed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Critical role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, but not 2, in hepatic stellate cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and liver fibrogenesis
Authors: Tarrats Núria , Moles Anna , Morales Albert , García-Ruiz Carmen , Fernández-Checa José C. , Marí Montserrat
Published: April 2011

Abstract:

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in the progression of many chronic liver diseases leading to fibrosis; however, the role of TNF in fibrogenesis is controversial and the specific contribution of TNF receptors to hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation remains to be established. Using HSCs from wild-type, TNF-receptor-1 (TNFR1) knockout, TNF-receptor-2 (TNFR2) knockout, or TNFR1/R2 double-knockout (TNFR-DKO) mice, we show that loss of both TNF receptors reduced procollagen-α1(I) expression, slowed down HSC proliferation, and impaired platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced promitogenic signaling in HSCs. TNFR-DKO HSCs exhibited decreased AKT phosphorylation and in vitro proliferation in response to PDGF. These effects were reproduced in TNFR1 knockout, but not TNFR2 knockout, HSCs. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression was dependent on TNF binding to TNFR1 in primary mouse HSCs. These results were validated in the human HSC cell line, LX2, using neutralizing antibodies against TNFR1 and TNFR2. Moreover, in vivo liver damage and fibrogenesis after bile-duct ligation were reduced in TNFR-DKO and TNFR1 knockout mice, compared to wild-type or TNFR2 knockout mice. Conclusion: TNF regulates HSC biology through its binding to TNFR1, which is required for HSC proliferation and MMP-9 expression. These data indicate a regulatory role for TNF in extracellular matrix remodeling and liver fibrosis, suggesting that targeting TNFR1 may be of benefit to attenuate liver fibrogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
ANFIS modeling for predicting affective responses to tactile textures
Authors: Akay Diyar , Chen Xiaojuan , Barnes Cathy , Henson Brian
Published: April 2011

The Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is proposed to simulate and analyze the mapping between the physical properties of tactile textures and people's affective responses. People were asked to rate the tactile feeling of 37 tactile textures against six pairs of adjectives on a semantic differential questionnaire. The friction coefficient, average roughness, compliance, and a thermal parameter of each tactile texture were measured. ANFIS models were built to predict the affective responses to tactile textures. The resulting ANFIS models demonstrated a good match between predicted and actual responses, and always yielded better performance when compared to linear and exponential regression models. The effects of physical properties of textures on affective responses were also analyzed by simulating the synthetic data with ANFIS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.