bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space-efficient random walks on streaming graphs
Authors: Papadias Serafeim , Kaoudi Zoi , Quiané-Ruiz Jorge-Arnulfo , Markl Volker
Published: November 2022

Graphs in many applications, such as social networks and IoT, are inherently streaming, involving continuous additions and deletions of vertices and edges at high rates. Constructing random walks in a graph, i.e., sequences of vertices selected with a specific probability distribution, is a prominent task in many of these graph applications as well as machine learning (ML) on graph-structured data. In a streaming scenario, random walks need to constantly keep up with the graph updates to avoid stale walks and thus, performance degradation in the downstream tasks. We present Wharf, a system that efficiently stores and updates random walks on streaming graphs. It avoids a potential size explosion by maintaining a compressed, high-throughput, and low-latency data structure. It achieves (i) the succinct representation by coupling compressed purely functional binary trees and pairing functions for storing the walks, and (ii) efficient walk updates by effectively pruning the walk search space. We evaluate Wharf, with real and synthetic graphs, in terms of throughput and latency when updating random walks. The results show the high superiority of Wharf over inverted index- and tree-based baselines.
Importancia del cateterismo de senos petrosos inferiores en el diagnóstico de síndrome de Cushing, a propósito de un caso
Authors: Jiménez García Clara , Sirera Paula Sirera , Torregrosa Quesada María Eugenia , González Bueno Victoria , Alfayate Guerra Rocío
Published: November 2022

Objetivos

El diagnóstico del síndrome de Cushing (SC) sigue siendo un reto ya que sus síntomas y signos clínicos se superponen a los de otras enfermedades.

Caso clínico

Varón remitido a Endocrinología por sospecha de SC. Para el estudio del SC se realizaron pruebas de cribado que confirman el hipercortisolimo y pruebas de diagnóstico que confirman un SC-adrenocorticotropina (ACTH) dependiente. Para discriminar entre origen hipofisario y ectópico se realizó el test de estimulación con corticoliberina (CRH). Ante la falta de respuesta en este test y la resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) negativa se realizó el CSPI que sugería origen hipofisario por lo que se realizó cirugía transesfenoidal. El resultado anatomopatológico confirmó el origen corticotropo del tumor.

Conclusiones

La investigación etiológica del SC y su diagnóstico diferencial constituye un proceso complejo utilizando diversas pruebas bioquímicas y de imagen. Es importante establecer la secuencia del estudio bioquímico realizando pruebas de cribado, confirmación y localización para establecer origen adrenal, hipofisario o ectópico. A pesar del buen rendimiento diagnóstico, este no es definitivo, especialmente en los casos ACTH dependiente. En nuestro caso, el resultado no concluyente en el test de CRH, requirió un procedimiento invasivo (CSPI) que resultó eficiente en el diagnóstico.
Source Work in China-Based and Western SSCI Journal Articles: Preferences of Reporting Structures of English Academic Articles Published in China and in English-Speaking Countries
Authors: Zhou Min , Sun Zhixiang
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the use of reporting verbs (RVs) in China-based and Western SSCI indexed English journal articles. Writing samples (N=168) are compared in terms of the frequencies of RVs, selection of high-frequency RVs and the evaluative orientations of RVs. The results suggest that whereas both English academic articles published in China and English academic articles published in English-speaking countries use similar varieties of RVs. Using the resources of appraisal theory, we found that English academic articles published in Chinas use fewer discourse RVs; they tend to use more neutral RVs, providing no overt intersubjective stance on the cited evidence, whereas English academic articles published in English-speaking countries favor more positive RVs to endorse the evidence during the argument. In particular, English academic articles published in China rarely employ negative and critical RVs. Academic writers’ preferences of RVs are not only due to their language proficiency, but also due to their discursive tradition and underlying cultural values. They also have to do with the journals’ coverage of topics and attitude toward academic debates and original thinking. The comparative findings have implications for English academic articles published in China, especially those based in non-English-speaking countries, when they try to use RVs to develop authorial stance in English: that is, to distinguish the semantic stance of RVs and cultivate cross-language and -culture awareness.
Microfluidic plasma: Novel process intensification strategy
Authors: Lin Liangliang , Zhang Ziyi , Min Yuanping
Published: November 2022

Microfluidic plasma is a novel process intensification strategy that integrates microfluidic and plasma together and uses their synergistic effects to provide new pathways for chemistry and chemical engineering. In this work, the unique properties and synergistic advantages of microfluidic plasma are introduced. According to the reactor configuration, three types of microfluidic plasmas are elaborated, including chip-based microfluidic plasma, tubular-based microfluidic plasma, and jet-based microfluidic plasma. Selected examples in nanofabrication, chemical synthesis, water treatment, etc., are provided to show their applications in diverse fields. Finally, the existing challenges of this technique have prospected.
Experimental study on the preparation of ferrophosphorus alloy using dephosphorization furnace slag by carbothermic reduction
Authors: He Sai , Lin Lu , Liu Yaqin , Feng Menglong , Hou Zhongxiao , Wu Wei
Published: November 2022

With the development of the duplex converter process, the amount of dephosphorization furnace slag is increasing, and it has relatively low basicity. It has been indicated that the recovery of valuable elements from dephosphorization slag by carbothermic reduction has great environmental and economic benefits due to its high content of P, Fe, and Mn. In this work, the experimental slag was reduced by carbon powder in a resistance furnace at 1,550°C. The results show that 76.82% of P, 99.60% of Fe, and 11.82% of Mn in the slag are recycled at basicity 1.0, and the recovery ratios of P, Fe, and Mn are 34.58, 78.89, and 13.85% at basicity 2.0, respectively. The ferrophosphorus obtained from the reduction of the dephosphorization furnace slag can be used as a raw material for steel-making alloy, and the residual steel slag can be used as cement and other building materials. This work provides a reference for recycling and resource utilization of dephosphorization furnace slag.
Accounting for the relationship between lexical prevalence and acquisition with Bayesian networks and population dynamics
Authors: Baumann Andreas , Sekanina Katharina
Published: November 2022

Lexical dispersion and acquisition are evidently linked to each other. In one direction, the acquisition of a word is promoted by it being used frequently and in diverse contexts. Conversely, words that are acquired early might have higher chances of being produced frequently and diversely. In this study, we analyze various measures of lexical dispersion and assess the extent to which they are linked to age of acquisition by means of a Bayesian network model. We find that lexical prevalence, that is, the fraction of individuals knowing a word, is most closely linked to acquisition and argue that this can be partially explained by the population dynamics of lexical spread. We also highlight related cognitive mechanisms in language acquisition.
N-Tuples of weighted noncommutative Orlicz space and some geometrical properties
Authors: Bo Liu , Zhenhua Ma , Quancai Deng , Aihua Zhang , Guoping Wang
Published: November 2022

In this article, we present a new concept named the N-tuples weighted noncommutative Orlicz space

⊕

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{\oplus }_{j=1}^{n}{L}_{p,\lambda }^{\left({\Phi }_{j})}\left(\widetilde{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal M} }}},\tau )

, where

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{L}^{\left({\Phi }_{j})}\left(\widetilde{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal M} }}},\tau )

is the noncommutative Orlicz space. Based on the maximum principle, the Riesz-Thorin interpolation theorem of

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is given. As applications, we obtain the Clarkson inequality and some other geometrical properties which include the uniform convexity and uniform smoothness of noncommutative Orlicz spaces

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.
The crystal structure of poly[(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)-(μ
4-2-chlorobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylato-κ5
O:O′:O″:O‴) cadmium(II)] monohydrate, C20H13CdClN2O5
Authors: Huang Guang
Published: November 2022

C20H13CdClN2O5, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.4994(9) Å, b = 13.1171(10) Å, c = 13.0233(10) Å, β = 109.126(8)°, V = 1856.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0341, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0779, T = 293 K.
The “Slicing Problem” for Computational Theories of Consciousness
Authors: Gómez-Emilsson Andrés , Percy Chris
Published: November 2022

The “Slicing Problem” is a thought experiment that raises questions for substrate-neutral computational theories of consciousness, including those that specify a certain causal structure for the computation like Integrated Information Theory. The thought experiment uses water-based logic gates to construct a computer in a way that permits cleanly slicing each gate and connection in half, creating two identical computers each instantiating the same computation. The slicing can be reversed and repeated via an on/off switch, without changing the amount of matter in the system. The question is what do different computational theories of consciousness believe is happening to the number and nature of individual conscious units as this switch is toggled. Under a token interpretation, there are now two discrete conscious entities; under a type interpretation, there may remain only one. Both interpretations lead to different implications depending on the adopted theoretical stance. Any route taken either allows mechanisms for “consciousness-multiplying exploits” or requires ambiguous boundaries between conscious entities, raising philosophical and ethical questions for theorists to consider. We discuss resolutions under different theories of consciousness for those unwilling to accept consciousness-multiplying exploits. In particular, we specify three features that may help promising physicalist theories to navigate such thought experiments.
Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Teknik Buat Kain pada Prodi Pendidikan Tata Busana UNNES
Authors: Mutia Tisma , Sawitri Sicilia
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan multimedia pembelajaran pada Prodi Pendidikan Tata Busana Unnes serta mengetahui kelayakannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development (RD) yang terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu define, design, dan develop. Hasil penelitian produk menunjukan adanya kebutuhan multimedia pembelajaran pada Mata Kuliah Teknik Buat Kain. Hasil kelayakan multimedia pembelajaran oleh validator dari aspek materi diperoleh persentase sebesar 90% (sangat layak), dan aspek media sebesar 88% (sangat layak), sedangkan penilaian mahasiswa diperoleh persentase sebesar 88% (sangat layak). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya kebutuhan multimedia pembelajaran dikarenakan multimedia pembelajaran mudah dioperasikan dan dapat digunakan untuk belajar secara mandiri. Tingkat kelayakan multimedia pembelajaran oleh dua ahli materi dan dua ahli media diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 89% (sangat layak), kemudian hasil penilaian mahasiswa diperoleh rata-rata persentase sebesar 88% (sangat layak), sehingga multimedia pembelajaran dinyatakan layak digunkaan dalam pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Teknik Buat Kain. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah peneliti yang ingin melakukan penelitian serupa disarankan untuk dapat melakukan penelitian hingga menguji keefektifan penggunaan multimedia pembelajaran.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berupa Video Tutorial pada Materi Menggambar Busana secara Digital
Authors: Desvianasari Immanuela , Prasetyaningtyas Wulansari
Published: November 2022

Kompetensi membuat desain busana secara digital terbilang menjadi hal baru bagi mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Tata Busana sehingga keterampilan mahasiswa mengenai desain busana secara digital belum cukup terlatih, belum lagi waktu pembelajaran yang terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah terciptanya video tutorial membuat desain busana secara digital dan mengetahui seberapa layak produk tersebut sebagai bantuan belajar secara mandiri berdasarkan ahli media dan ahli materi. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Research and Development). Desain penelitian yang digunakan mengacu pada model pengembangan Borg and Gall yang di modifikasi oleh Sugiyono. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisi data desriptif persentatif. Hasil penelitian ini produk dinyatakan layak digunakan menurut ahli media dan ahli materi, dengan persentase ahli media 71,6% dan ahli materi 86,6%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah produk video tutorial membuat desain busana secara digital berupa video dengan format mp4 layak digunakan sebagai bantuan belajar secara mandiri. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan berupa digunakannya video tutorial membuat desain busana secara digital sebagai media pembelajaran yang penggunaannya didalam kelas atau selama kegiatan pembelajaran berlangsung.
Teknik Pewarnaan Tekstil dengan Bahan Pewarna Alam pada Ready to Wear
Authors: Arifah Riyan Nur , Damayanti Ariyana
Published: November 2022

Penggunaan pewarnaan tekstil yang tepat agar hasilnya maksimal. Teknik celup pada kain denim dan teknik semprot pada pewarnaan alam jarang ditemui, sehingga menjadi inovasi yang perlu dikembangkan. Lingkungan penulis memiliki potensi bahan baku yang dapat dibudidayakan untuk peluang usaha di bidang pertanian. Permasalahan yang dihadapi yaitu bagaimana proses pembuatan pewarna alam sebagai pewarna tekstil, bagaimana hasil pewarnaan alam pada pembuatan ready to wear. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan pewarna alam sebagai pewarna tekstil, untuk mengetahui  hasil pewarna alam pada pembuatan ready to wear. Metodologi penilitian yang digunakan yaitu  RD dan analisis data diskriptif. Hasil dari penerapan teknik pewarnaan tie dye, celup dan semprot menggunakan indigofera dan jelawe pada kain denim dan katun dengan fiksasi menghasilkan warna yang berbeda. Bahan jelawe menghasilkan warna kuning kecoklatan dan indigofera menghasilkan warna biru. Kain denim memiliki hasil yang bagus menggunakan warna jelawe dan teknik celup. Kain katun memiliki hasil yang bagus pada kedua warna menggunakan teknik celup dan semprot. Warna indigofera tidak dapat menggunakan teknik semprot karena memiliki tekstur pasta yang sulit menempel. Fiksasi tunjung menghasilkan warna gelap, kapur menjadikan warna sedikit cerah dan tawas menjadikan warna cerah. Saran yang dari penelitian ini yaitu cara pewarnaan menggunakan warna dasar yang sama agar warna rata.
Contrastes jurídicos entre los fines esenciales del Estado social de derecho y la obligatoriedad de la vacuna contra la covid-19 en Colombia
Authors: Estupiñán Quesada Lizeth Daniela
Published: November 2022

La efectividad de los principios, derechos y deberes contemplados en la Constitución, así como la participación de los habitantes en las decisiones que los afectan, constituyen los principales fines de un Estado social de derecho. De allí que la obligatoriedad de la vacuna contra la covid-19 establecida en el Decreto 1408 de 2021, para ingresar a lugares públicos o realizar actividades económicas, sociales, culturales o de cualquier índole, resulta a todas luces incompatible con la carta política y los estándares internacionales en materia de derechos humanos. Los derechos fundamentales a la dignidad humana, el libre desarrollo de la personalidad, el consentimiento informado, la igualdad de acceso y la salud son transgredidos cuando las autoridades públicas en el marco de un Estado social de derecho hacen exigible a los habitantes la presentación de carné o constancia de vacunación para participar de la vida socioeconómica, cultural y política de la Nación.
Large Language Models: Starke KI mit bekannten Schwächen?
Authors: Hegelich Simon , Hegelich Kolja
Published: November 2022

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) wird immer besser darin, Texte zu erzeugen, die wie vom Menschen geschrieben wirken. Diese Fortschritte verdanken wir extrem aufwändigen Modellen aus dem Bereich des Deep Learning (Large Language Models (LLM)). Aber ist ein Computer intelligent, wenn er intelligent wirkende Texte erzeugen kann? Der berühmte Turing-Test würde dies bejahen. Wir denken aber, dass Zweifel angebracht sind. So komplex diese modernen Algorithmen auch sein mögen, im Kern betreiben sie Mustererkennung. Der Aspekt, durch eigene Gedanken etwas Neues zu erschaffen, fehlt diesen Maschinen. Durch eine Analyse der Funktionsweise von LLM wollen wir verständlich machen, wie diese Modelle arbeiten, wo ihre Grenzen liegen und warum sie dennoch für das Ziel einer starken oder allgemeinen künstlichen Intelligenz ein wesentlicher Baustein sein werden.
Syllabification of Standard Lithuanian in terms of the sonority theory
Authors: Kazlauskienė Asta
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the research which aims to ascertain whether the sonority of sounds could be used to determine boundaries of syllables in consonant clusters and if this principle is commonly employed by a sample of language users. The research consists of a) the overview of more significant foreign authors’ works, which is then used to identify the theoretic hierarchy of consonant clusters in Lithuanian, b) the exploratory analysis of consonant sonority, c) the investigation of sonority in consonant clusters, d) the research of tendencies in language users’ syllabification. The results have revealed that after establishing the hierarchy of consonant clusters in Lithuanian and applying the principle of syllabification by sonority, one fifth of the consonant clusters in the empirical data base is impossible to syllabify. Neither predicted phonetic syllable, nor the phonological syllable is commonly employed by the language users. The users are likely to assign at least one consonant of a cluster to a preceding syllable, while only the last consonant of polynomial clusters is assigned to the onset of a later syllable. Fricative consonants in consonant clusters are assigned to the coda of a previous syllable.
Derivation of nomina qualitatis on borrowed stems
Authors: Inčiuraitė-Noreikienė Lina
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the derivation of hybrid derivatives, such as banal-um-as ‘banality’ ← banal-us, -i ‘banal’, that belong to the derivational category of nomina qualitatis. The aim is to find out how different nomina qualitatis with the borrowed stems are from the perspective of derivation, how many derivation steps they consist of. Special attention is paid to the functions of indigenous and borrowed suffixes in the borrowed bases of hybrid derivatives. The study was carried out using the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language and the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian. The analysis shows that nomina qualitatis with borrowed stems are not very diverse in terms of derivation, as they are formed with only three indigenous suffixes, i.e. -umas, -ybė and -ystė. The hybrid suffixed -umas and -ybė derivatives are usually derived from adjectives, whereas the suffixed -ystė derivatives are usually derived from nouns. Derivatives with borrowed stems commonly consist of two derivation steps. In morphologically decomposable correlative derivatives borrowed suffixes are suggested to be synchronically regarded as derivational (form-al-us, -i ‘formal’ ⇠ form-a ‘form’).
Vytautas Kavolis’ Cyclical Concept of Postmodernism
Authors: Noreika Alvydas
Published: November 2022

Straipsnyje aptariama Amerikos lietuvių sociologo Vytauto Kavolio postmodernizmo koncepcija. Jame gilinamasi į šios koncepcijos teorines ištakas, prielaidas ir vietą platesniuose debatuose dėl postmodernizmo. Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad postmodernizmo koncepciją lietuvių išeivių sociologas formuluoja savo modernizacijos teorijos kontekste, pirmosios ištakų ieškoma svarstant klausimą apie antrosios kilmę. Teigiama, jog modernizacijos teoriją, o kartu ir postmodernizmo koncepciją, mokslininkas plėtoja kritiškai reaguodamas į amerikiečių sociologo Alexo Inkeleso modernizacijos teoriją. Svarstant apie Kavolio vietą XX a. antrojoje pusėje Vakarų moksle vykusių diskusijų kontekste, įrodinėjama, kad originaliausias mokslininko indėlis – ciklinė postmodernizmo samprata. Straipsnyje taip pat aptariami Kavolio pateikti postmodernizmo vietos modernizacijos procese apibrėžimai.
Preliminary study for Neurovisual Assessment Model using Eye Tracking (NAMET) related to cognitive functions for TBI patients
Authors: Daniela Yoshida
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury can cause visual dysfunction (if not treated with visual therapy) and it can hinder a patient's rehabilitative progress. Screening for a Visual processing assessment to identify visual symptoms in TBI patients at the HCFMUSP Neurology Clinic. Previous literature presents common visual symptoms that were identified in these patients, such as: visual field loss, double vision, posture and balance difficulties, blurred vision, attention and concentration problems difficulties in near visual tasks, headaches, reading difficulties, reading problems. motor coordination problems, difficulties locating objects accurately. accommodative dysfunction convergence insufficiency This study presents a Neuro Visual assessment model for visual and cognitive rehabilitation following TBI and it can include Visual Acuity (VA) Visual Field, eye movements (Eye Tracking), Accommodation and Convergence. Results: In the preliminary study, similarity was found between existing literature and visual dysfunctions from patients following TBI. Conclusion: The assessment protocol following TBI can identify changes in saccadic eye movements, segments and their impacts on cognitive functions, sensory, motor and emotional systems. The treatment to improve visual dysfunctions can improve Reading problems; oculomotor, balance and binocular disorders using prisms, lenses and filters for both attention and concentration difficulties. Literature shows cases of improvement post-TBI visual symptoms using nonfunctional lenses, prisms, filters, binasal occlusions. Previous literature can found cases of improvement of depressive symptoms, aggressive behavior, self-confidence, self-esteem, posture and balance.
EL IMPACTO DE LA APERTURA COMERCIAL SOBRE EL EMPLEO INFORMAL EN EL SECTOR MANUFACTURERO DE COSTA RICA DURANTE EL PERÍODO 1996-2009
Authors: Delgado Jiménez Francisco , Navarro Navarro Evelyn
Published: November 2022

En este artículo se analiza el impacto de la apertura comercial sobre el empleo informal en el sector manufacturero costarricense durante el período 1996-2009. Aunque la apertura afecta de manera distinta a las empresas que solamente producen bienes para el mercado interno y las que se orientan a exportar su producción, se espera que el efecto de las empresas exportadoras que generan empleos formales predomine, y por tanto, se plantea como hipótesis que un aumento en la apertura comercial genera una reducción de la informalidad. Se encontró que no existe evidencia estadística que indique que el proceso de apertura que experimentó Costa Rica durante ese período haya tenido un efecto positivo o negativo sobre el empleo en el sector informal de la economía en la rama de manufactura.
MEDIOS DE VIDA DE LAS FAMILIAS DEDICADAS A ACTIVIDADES AGRÍCOLAS Y GANADERAS EN EL CANTÓN DE GUATUSO, ALAJUELA. CLASIFICACIÓN MEDIANTE CONGLOMERADOS
Authors: Valenciano Salazar MsC. Jorge Andrey , Le Coq PhD. Jean Francois , Sáenz PhD. Fernando
Published: November 2022

Mediante un análisis de conglomerados, las familias del cantón de Guatuso, Costa Rica son clasificadas en tres diferentes tipologías (pequeños, medianos y grandes productores)  de acuerdo a la disponibilidad de capitales (físico, social, natural, humano y financiero) con que cuentan. Sin embargo la tipología más representativa en la zona son las familias con una disponibilidad baja de capitales y que pueden ser clasificados como pequeños productores.  Por otra parte existe una relación directa la disponibilidad de capitales de las familias, la escala de producción y la integración al mercado, es decir, las familias clasificadas como grandes productores tienen una mayor disponibilidad de todos los capitales lo las hace más capaces de ajustarse a las condiciones que presenta el mercado internacional actual.
DIRECCIÓN GUBERNATIVA Y RECTORÍA DEL EMPLEO PÚBLICO, ENTRE DISPARIDADES Y EL ENCUADRE TÉCNICO-JURÍDICO PARA LOGRARLO
Authors: Bolaños Garita Rolando
Published: November 2022

El empleo público deviene en una constelación de elementos de carácter constitucional, jurídico, administrativo y técnico que aún no han podido entenderse y menos administrarse de manera correcta a nivel costarricense. El desatino con el cual se emiten disposiciones en esta línea y, en general en materia de modernización administrativa, conlleva la necesidad de realizar una investigación de tipo exploratorio, buscando evidenciar que los actuales dirigentes políticos no presentan un ánimo por lograr un andamiaje organizativo que solvente la serie de falencias en este campo, en pos de lograr el mejor potenciamiento del Estado costarricense.
PERCEPCIÓN DE LOS USUARIOS DEL SERVICIO DE TRANSPORTE TREN, COSTA RICA, MAYO DE 2012
Authors: Abarca Rodríguez Allan
Published: November 2022

El alto crecimiento de la flota vehicular y la falta de ampliación en la infraestructura vial en Costa Rica no solo generaron la política de reactivación del servicio de transporte de personas por tren; sino la necesidad creciente de ampliar las rutas. Este artículo es producto de un estudio de la percepción de los usuarios en una ruta específica de servicio de tren que conecta a dos provincias: San José-Heredia. Se entrevistan a 396 personas usuarias del servicio que en términos generales evidencian una calificación muy satisfactoria, aunque demandan la ampliación de rutas y viajes, además de una mejora en la infraestructura de acceso.
LA VENTA DE EMPRESAS COSTARRICENSES A LA INVERSION EXTRANJERA: UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA ACADÉMICA
Authors: Murillo Scott Carlos , Orlich Dundorf Ernesto , Elizondo Castillo Alejandro , Zeledón Ruiz María del Pilar
Published: November 2022

La Escuela de Administración de Negocios y el Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Económicas (IICE) de la Universidad de Costa Rica presentan los resultados más relevantes de la primera fase de un estudio exploratorio sobre las condiciones que afectan la dinámica de la venta de capital nacional a la inversión extranjera, en los últimos 10 años (2002-2012). Este artículo recoge la perspectiva de un grupo de veinticinco académicos cuyo conocimiento y experiencia permiten un acercamiento al tema desde el ámbito de la Educación Superior, así como del análisis que pueden hacer de la realidad empresarial en la que han estado inmersos. De esta manera, se ofrece a la comunidad nacional e internacional una primera percepción sobre este complejo fenómeno y su relación con el papel que desempeñan las Escuelas de Negocios en el proceso a fin de aportar en el desarrollo socioeconómico, educativo y cultural del país.
State of anti-rubella virus population immunity in the Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation
Authors: Tsvirkun O. V. , Samoilovich E. O. , Tikhonova N. T. , Gerasimova A. G. , Turaeva N. V. , Ermolovich M. A. , Semeiko G. V.
Published: November 2022

To confirm a progress towards the rubella elimination, immunization coverage indicators and the results of serological studies are used. At the same time, the most objective method of assessing collective immunity is a serological examination. The purpose of this work was to compare the results of assessing state of population immunity against rubella virus in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation using various vaccines and different approaches to study organization and cohort selection screening and monitoring. 2019 laboratory studies to determine IgG antibodies against rubella virus were carried out by ELISA method of the unified enzyme immunoassay system Ecolab (Russia). The serum study results of 701 subjects aged 245 years from all the 7 regions of the Republic of Belarus (screening study) and 55 082 subjects aged 349 years (monitoring) from 85 regions of the Russian Federation were analyzed. The results were evaluated in three age groups children, adults, total cohort by using a threshold level of 8385% seropositive individuals sufficient to prevent virus transmission. The antigenic composition of the rubella component in the mono- and complex vaccines respectively used in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus is identical, which allows to compare the state of population immunity against rubella virus therein without taking into account an influence of the vaccine strain. Studies have shown that while using varying vaccine preparations and approaches to organization of serological examination, both in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, rubella virus-specific IgG level was detected at rather high level in all age groups comprising more than 90%. The portion of rubella seropositive subjects in entire country was 95.44% in the Republic of Belarus and 97.14% in the Russian Federation. Moreover, the level of specific antibodies remains high, despite the low incidence rate and absence of booster effect in both countries. The mean group antibody concentration in seropositive patients in all age groups was quite high and exceeded the minimum protective concentration (11 IU/ml) by 10 or more times. The data obtained indicate the legitimacy of using a serological study of collective rubella immunity as a routine or seromonitoring as well as periodic or screening investigation.
Genotyping of tick-borne pathogens and determination of human attacking tick species in Novosibirsk and its suburbs
Authors: Kartashov M. Yu. , Krivosheina E. I. , Svirin K. A. , Tupota N. L. , Ternovoi V. A. , Loktev V. B.
Published: November 2022

The south of Western Siberia traditionally belongs to the regions with unfavorable epidemiological situation for tick-transmitted infections. In Novosibirsk and its suburbs, approximately 20 thousand people annually seek for medical care after tick bites. The purpose of this work was to determine human-attacking tick species composition in the territory of Novosibirsk and its suburbs by identifying nucleotide sequence of tick mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase COI fragment during the 2018 spring-summer season, determination of infections of individual ticks with viral and bacterial tick-borne infections, followed by genotyping identified pathogens by PCR methods, by determining nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analysis. It is established that ticks of five species attack the humans: Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes pavlovskyi, Dermacentor reticulatus, Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor nuttali in the Novosibirsk metropolis. The majority of tick attacks on humans are associated with I. pavlovskyi (43.6%) and D. reticulatus (41.2%) ticks. The genetic material of the tick-borne encephalitis virus was detected in 3.6%, borrelia 13.8% and Rickettsia 23.1% individual ticks collected from humans. Genotyping of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in the collected ticks showed the presence of TBEV Siberian and Far Eastern genotype in 83% and 17% cases, respectively. The Kemerovo virus could not be detected. Genetic material from Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp. has been detected in all five tick species attacking the local human population. The bulk of the identified Borrelia spp. isolates were genotyped as Borrelia garinii (86%) and 13% of the isolates as Borrelia afzelii species. The genetic material of Borrelia miyamotoi was found in one individual tick. Ticks of the genus Dermacentor have been found to be infected by Rickettsia raoultii, and ticks of the genus Ixodes were largely infected with Rickettsia tarasevichiae, and I. persulcatus tick was infected by Rickettsia helvetica in a single case. Thus, the human population of Novosibirsk and its suburbs is attacked by five species of ixodid ticks dominated by I. pavlovskyi and D. reticulatus ticks. The genetic material of the following tick-borne pathogens was found: Siberian and Far Eastern TBEV genotype, B. garinii, B. afzelii, B. miyamotoi, R. raoulti, R. tarasevichiae and R. helvetica in the individual ticks collected from humans.
Improving safety of oil adjuvant-based vaccines
Authors: Skupnevskii S. V. , Pukhaeva Elena G. , Badtiev A. K. , Rurua F. K. , Batagova F. E. , Farnieva Zh. G.
Published: November 2022

High adjuvant reactogenicity is the main limitation for increasing the effectiveness of vaccine therapy. The aim was to reduce the immunotoxicity effects of complete Freunds adjuvant (CFA) in warm-blooded animals. Materials and methods. The study examined Wistar rats by dividing animals into negative control (solvents); positive control (single subcutaneous CFA injection of 0.1 ml/200 g body weight (b.w.)); the minimum and maximum (per os administration of 1:4 citric and succinic acids in ratio of 17 and 88 mg/kg b.w. during 4 weeks after immunization of CFA) experiment. Body weight, hematological (complete blood count) and biochemical (hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, catalase activity, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity) parameters were dynamically investigated. At the end of the experiment, necropsy was performed and the relative internal organ mass coefficients were calculated. The spleen and connective tissue (knee joint) were examined histologically. The median, C25C75 quartiles, MannWhitney U-test were calculated. Results and discussion. it was found that parameters examined were within normal range in animals of negative control group. Immunization of warm-blooded animals with CFA was accompanied by transition of acute-to- chronic inflammatory reaction (week 3 and week 7, respectively). The total leukocyte count increased from 12.5 109 (negative control) up to 26.6 109/L (P = 0.01) on week 3 followed by its decline down to 19.2 109/L (P = 0.01) by week 7. Platelet count also increased significantly: from 506 109 (negative control) up to 656 109/L (P = 0.01, week 3) followed by decrease down to 610 109/L by week 7 (P = 0.01). Activation of lipid peroxidation was manifested by malondialdehyde (MDA) level elevated by 55.861.8% (P = 0.01); the general CFA-related toxic effect resulted in 11.7% weight loss (P = 0.01), spleen swelling and thymus reduction. Administration of antioxidant acids led to a dose-dependent decline in inflammation (leukocyte count at the minimum dosage 19.6 10920.9 109/L; at the maximum 16.6 10916.0 109/L), as well as normalized the platelet/leukocyte index up to 29.536.3 (positive control 24.6, negative control 40.5). The acid-related protective effect was also manifested as maintained body weight, activated catalase and inhibited lipid peroxidation. The therapeutic effect in alleviated degenerative changes in the spleen and connective tissue were revealed: reduced hemorrhagic focuses and swelling as well as preserved histoarchitectonics. Conclusion. The use of citric and succinic acids contributes to profoundly lowered CFA toxicity due to increased total antioxidant status, inhibited lipid peroxidation, improved mitochondrial metabolic activity, which ultimately lead to a decline in general systemic inflammation and allows to recommend such acids as immunoprotectors from oil adjuvant-coupled effects.
16S-ITS-23S rRNA operon segment sequencing provides necessary and sufficient conditions for bacterial species-specific identification
Authors: Ogarkov O. B. , Zhdanova S. N. , Orlova E. A. , Khromova P. A. , Belkova N. L. , Sinkov V. V. , Kondratov I. G.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene is the predominant method for assessing microbial communities and strain molecular identification. The short reads (2nd generation sequencing)-based technology does not allow analysis beyond the 16S rRNA gene. The taxonomic verification level of samples usually remains at the genus or even family level. Currently, there have been proposed the latest versions of long-read technologies (Oxford Nanopore MinION, PacBio) for amplicon sequencing of near-complete ribosomal operon, including genes 16S, 23S, 5S, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS). At the moment, this approach has not been sufficiently studied, in addition, it involves PCR amplification of a very extended DNA region (more than 4000 bp-long). Materials and methods. The collection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria strains and their primary identification was carried out in the years 20192021. The strains were obtained by inoculation of positive cultures from the Bactec MGIT 960 bacteriological analyzer lacking MPT64 antigen in the MGIT TB Identification Test (Becton Dickinson, USA) on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. Preliminary species strain identification was carried out with the Speed-oligo Mycobacteria kit (Vircell, Spain) according to the manufacturers protocol. In this work, both known and newly developed universal bacterial primers flanking the near-complete 16S rRNA gene, ITS, and the beginning of the 23S rRNA gene are used. In the present study, both known and newly developed universal bacterial primers are used to flank the near-complete 16S rRNA gene, ITS, and start of the 23S rRNA gene. Results and discussion. Sanger sequencing of the amplicons (about 2000 bp) obtained shows the taxonomic level sufficient to determine species up to 8 strains of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from humans that caused clinically and bacteriologically confirmed diseases. The method proposed for PCR amplification of a bacterial operon a fragment containing most of the 16S rRNA gene, ITS, and the beginning of the 23S rRNA gene is considered by us as an approbation of a methodological approach to study microbial communities in material with a high degree of degradation (necrotic foci, etc.). The results obtained indicate a significantly higher resolution of the approach used than the classical 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Recycled concrete beams subjected to combined reinforcement corrosion and static pre-loading
Authors: Wang Jian , Ng Pui-Lam , Qin Hongtu , Yuan Yongyu
Published: November 2022

To investigate the flexural behavioural characteristics of recycled concrete beams under the combined action of steel corrosion and static pre-loading, 12 recycled concrete beam specimens, encompassing a combination of three recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios (0, 50 and 100%) and four static pre-load levels expressed as ratio of the ultimate moment capacity (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6), were prepared for accelerated corrosion test and four-point bending test. The test results indicated that under a given RCA replacement ratio of the beams, the maximum width of corrosion-induced longitudinal cracks exhibited a linear relationship with the corresponding corrosion depth of longitudinal tension reinforcement. For the beams with 50% RCA replacement ratio, when the applied static pre-load level increased from 0 to 0.6, the ultimate load and ultimate deflection reduced by 10.4% and 21.2%, respectively, whereas for the beams with 100% RCA replacement ratio, the corresponding reduction in ultimate load and ultimate deflection were respectively 8.9% and 35.5%. Theoretical degradation models for the ultimate moment capacity and yield moment capacity of corroded beams were proposed, whereby the analytical values were in good agreement with the experimental values. This study provides useful reference for practical analysis of recycled concrete beams, which promote sustainable concrete construction.
Obtaining of aluminum-matrix composite materials, dispersedreinforced with ceramic particles
Authors: Khazin M. L. , Apakashev R. A. , Davydov S. Ya.
Published: November 2022

Повышенная устойчивость к нагреву является одним из важных требований при создании перспективных материалов и изделий из них. Такому требованию потенциально удовлетворяют функциональные металломатричные композиционные материалы, армированные частицами керамики и обладающие высокими физико-механическими свойствами. По причине доступности и высокой технологичности существенную часть металломатричных материалов составляют композиционные материалы на основе алюминия и его сплавов. В настоящей статье предлагается новый способ получения дисперсно-армированных алюмоматричных композиционных материалов, основанный на совмещении метода порошковой металлургии и метода in situ. Технический результат предлагаемого способа ― исключение затрат на специальное оборудование и оснастку для создания как механического давления на заготовку в процессе нагрева, так и вакуума или среды инертного газа.
Influence of surface layer morphology of SiSiC ceramics on tribological characteristics of hybrid friction pair
Authors: Kuzin V. V. , Grigor’ev S. N. , Fedorov S. Yu.
Published: November 2022

Установлены закономерности изменения трибологических характеристик гибридной пары трения сталь ‒ SiSiC-керамика при трансформации морфологии поверхности керамики. Выявлено, что морфология шлифованной поверхности существенно влияет на трибологические характеристики пары сталь ‒ SiSiC-керамика. Показано, что интенсификация режима шлифования увеличивает тангенциальную силу и коэффициент трения, ширину дорожки трения, площадь налипов и ширину участка износа.
Pharmaceutical cost implications for oral healthcare interventions at a dental clinic in Windhoek, Namibia
Authors: Singu Bonifasius , Shaamena Priscila
Published: November 2022

Half of the world’s 7.9 billion population suffers from oral health conditions. Most are largely preventable and treatable but costs are often unaffordable especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) resolved in 2021 to include oral healthcare interventions in universal healthcare coverage (UHC) programmes. Although the general expenditure on oral healthcare services has been reported by some countries, amounts spent on particularly pharmaceuticals have not been reported. This study aimed to report on the prevalence of different types of oral health diseases in patients attending a dental clinic in Windhoek (Namibia) and quantify the pharmaceutical expenditure incurred. Records for all patients who visited the dental clinic at KIRH during a six-month period (1 January 2021 to 30 June 2021) were reviewed. Costs associated with the respective pharmaceutical management options for the most common oral conditions were calculated based on the approximated cost for a single treatment course per patient.Pharmaceutical expenditure on oral diseases was approximately 0.4% of the hospital’s annual budget. From this, 94.6% was due to treatment of dental caries which had a 90.1% prevalence. Prevalence of dental caries among 13-19 years age group (9.5%) was lower than for 1-12 years (18.6%) and 20-64 years (68.2%). Cases for dental caries were fewer for the 65+ years age group (3.8% of total cases) but had the highest prevalence (95.2%) of dental caries then other age groups. The proportion of the pharmaceutical budget spent on treating oral diseases was 0.4%, of which 94.6% was due to dental caries. Promotion of oral healthcare among children may be instrumental in reducing the pharmaceutical costs associated with treatment of dental carries.
Design a simulating lung in 36h or less
Authors: Jean Sébastien Buvat , Laurent Faivre , Pierre Romet , Ludovic Vitu , Julio Badie , Fernando Daniel Berdaguer Ferrari , Sylvain Malfroy
Published: November 2022

Background: During the COVID health crisis, intensive care units were quickly overwhelmed and had to call for help. The only solution was to call for this help among nurses, nursing auxiliaries, and physicians that were normally not working in the ICU units (consultations, operating room, medical units). These people needed mechanical ventilation courses before beginning their job in the ICU unit. Simulation appeared to be the best solution because of its safety and educational effectiveness. Approach: We developed an artificial lung during the 36 hours innovation marathon Crunch Maker Camp 2021. It included three main settings which were lung compliance, airways resistances, and diaphragmatic inspiratory trigger. These parameters seemed to be essential for us in order to simulate the mechanical ventilation characteristics of a COVID lung. The simulator was entirely made of physical components. Evaluation: The team composed of engineers and intensive care medical instructors developed the first proof of concept of the artificial lung. The different controllable modules were able to adjust compliance, and resistance on the respirator, and an inspiratory trigger was efficient. They reflected correctly a normal or a COVID lung, simulating a patient on a ventilator. The simulator was presented to the jury and after deliberation, the teams’ work was rewarded with the first innovation prize. Reflection: We designed a controlled simulation for COVID respiratory issues; the artificial lung was rewarded during this innovation marathon Crunch Maker Camp 2021. This allowed us to improve the simulator and we plan to start using this tool during training sessions soon. We will then measure Pedagogic impact, focusing on long-term memorization.
Linkage Disequilibrium in Targeted Sequencing
Authors: Romanov Dmitriy , Skoblikow Nikolai
Published: November 2022

We propose an approach for optimizing the development of gene diagnostic panels, which is based on the construction of non-equilibrium linkage maps. In the process of gene selection we essentially use genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). Whole-genome analysis of associations makes it possible to reveal the relationship of genomic variants with the studied phenotype. However, the nucleotide variants that showed the highest degree of association can only be statistically associated with the phenotype, not being the true cause of the phenotype. In this case, they may be in the block of linked inheritance with nucleotide variants that really affect the manifestation of the phenotype. The construction of maps of non-equilibrium linkage of nucleotides makes it possible to optimally determine the boundaries of linkage blocks, in which the desired variants fall. The aim of this study was to optimize the demarcation of genomic loci to create targeted panels aimed at predicting susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19. The proposed method for selecting loci for a target panel, taking into account nonequilibrium linkage, makes it possible to use the phenomenon of nonequilibrium linkage in order to maximally cover the regions involved in the development of the phenotype, while simultaneously minimizing the length of these regions, and, at the same time, the cost of sequencing.