bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISASI PENAMBAHAN KITOSAN DAN HAP PADA PLA TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK KOMPOSIT
Authors: Serfandi Dina Novera , Setyarini Putu Hadi , Purnami Purnami , Sulistyono Sulistyono
Published: January 2025

PLA (poly lactid acid) is a biodegradable polyester that can be applied to tissue engineering because it is biocompatible and non-toxic. The purpose of this study to determine the mechanical characteristics of mixing PLA, chitosan, and Hydroxyapatite. There were 4 variations in this study, namely PLA 100 (pure PLA), PLA-chitosan-Hydroxyapatite 94-3-3 (Mix 1), PLA-chitosan-Hydroxyapatite 94-0-6 (Mix 2), PLA-chitosan-Hydroxyapatite 94-6-0 (Mix 3). The method of processing specimens is carried out by mixing the material using an extrusion machine to form filaments, then the filaments are cut to a size of 3-5 mm for injection processing with a process temperature of 170-190°C and an injection pressure of 5 Bar. The tensile strength value of the composite decreased by 0.14% from the tensile strength value of pure PLA it’s cause of the characteristic of chitosan and HAp were stiff and brittle.
PERANCANGAN PROTOTYPE MEKANISME GERAKAN JARI JEMPOL UNTUK ROBOT TERAPI STROK
Authors: Riyas Nur Abdi Abdillah , Jatisukamto Gaguk , Muttaqin Aris Zainul , Mulyadi Santoso , Sutjahjono Hary
Published: January 2025

Stroke is a functional disorder of the nervous system due to obstruction of blood flow to the brain. Rehabilitation is an effort to restore the function of the nervous system to a better condition than its current condition. Rehabilitation is carried out routinely by therapists with continuous physical therapy exercises. Patients can practice anywhere and anytime without depending on the therapist's schedule with technology-based rehabilitation, namely using an exoskeleton robot. This research examines the design of the human thumb finger mechanism according to anthropometric data so that it is expected to function under the working system of the human hand. Analyzing the movement of the thumb design with the help of Ansys Rigid Body Dynamics software. Analysis position with Ansys 19 R1 simulation for Rigid Body Dynamic mode. The results of the joint movement values (linkage) of the joints (interphalangeal joint, IP), MCP (metacarpophalangeal), and (carpometacarpal joint, CMC) are as follows. The (interphalangeal joint) IP angle simulation results get an angle value of -40.30°, while the CMC angle gets an angle value of 65.90° and the MCP angle gets an angle value of 71.80°. In comparison, the IP angle of the human thumb has an angle of 80-90°, the CMC angle is 43-70° and the MCP angle is 50-71°.
RANCANG BANGUN MODEL PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKRO HIDRO (PLTMH) MENGGUNAKAN PADDLE BREAST WHEEL
Authors: Nur Ichlas , Rais Wahmin , Effiandi Nota , Zamri Aidil , Yetri Yuli
Published: January 2025

The need for electrical energy is increasing along with technological advances. In addition to the large population in an area, the variable economic activity of the population, which continues to increase to meet their daily needs, also has an impact on increasing the need for electrical energy. Demand for electrical energy is in line with increased economic activity. Therefore, developing renewable energy to provide sufficient electricity supply is very important. In this research, the modeling of a Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH) has been designed using a breast wheel with a semicircular blade shape, a wheel diameter of 20cm, and 10 blades. The wheel model has 5 variations of water level (head) calculated from the water level in the reservoir to the water level in the wheel with 3 variations of ball valve openings. It was observed that the highest efficiency is at a head height of 0.8 m with a pipe cross-sectional area (A) of 0.0002 m2 with an efficiency of 70.11 percent. The increase in the flow rate of water flowing towards the breast wheel turns out to cause the wheel rotation to decrease. The decrease in the wheel's rotation is related to the increase in turbulence (collision) due to the large discharge of water against the wheels' walls. It can be concluded that the combination of gravity and water propulsion can move the breast wheel so that it produces electrical energy.
STUDI NUMERIK EFEK LETAK AIR SUPPLY DIFFUSERS DAN AIR RETURN GRILLES PADA DISTRIBUSI TEMPERATUR DAN KECEPATAN UDARA DI BUS
Authors: Fauzun Fauzun , Hidayat Akbar Fadhlurrohman , Yogiswara Cahyo Wibi
Published: January 2025

The purpose of air conditioning system in the vehicle is to provide comfort for passengers. To achieve this, it is required to investigate the air flow and temperature distribution in the passenger area. This study aims to find the effect of layout variations of the air supply diffuser and air return grille on the temperature and velocity distribution in the passenger compartment of a bus and get the most optimal system with CFD simulation method that used ANSYS Fluent. The number of layout variations that simulated is six. The results can be inferred that the variation with one air supply diffuser at the floor or sidewall and the air return grille located on the bottom sidewall will result in lower temperature distribution. Then, it will make lower average air velocity at the top of the compartment. Considering nonuniformity index and heat removal efficiency, the most optimal scheme system is owned with one air supply diffuser on the sidewall, another on the ceiling, and the air return grille on the bottom sidewall.
FABRIKASI DAN PENGUJIAN TELAPAK KAKI PALSU JENIS SINGLE AXIS
Authors: Wardoyo Christianus Pigun , Mahardika Muslim , Suyitno Suyitno , Dharmastiti Rini , Salim Urip Agus , Arifvianto Budi
Published: January 2025

Along with the increasing number of persons with disabilities, the need for prosthetic foot has also increased. However, the irony is that some of the products circulating in Indonesia are still imported from abroad, while the domestic product is quite limited and possesses some drawbacks. This study aims to study the production process of the single axis type of the right-side prosthetic foot as well as to evaluate the performance of this product. The prosthetic foot in this research was made from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) resin and prepared with casting by pouring it into a pre-fabricated mold. A single-axis type of right prosthetic product could have been successfully made in this study with men's shoe sizes EU 42 and a mass of 654 g. The result of evaluation of the material and foot prosthetic product showed an average Shore hardness value of 54.3 HA. According to the result of compression test, this prosthetic product was also able withstand the highest compressive load up to 259.76 kgf. Finally, the result of fatigue test showed no damage on the foot prosthetic product until 90.000 cycle.
EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING 3D PRINTED PLA
Authors: Natayu Amartya , Muhammad Azka Aulia , Tumada Azhari , Saptaji Kushendarsyah , Trisnadewi Titin , Triawan Farid , Ramadhan Anwar Ilmar , Azhari Azmir
Published: January 2025

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a rapidly moving fabrication technology with many usages in various fields. One of the methods used in 3D printing is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), where polylactic acid (PLA) filament is melted and deposited layer by layer to form the desired parts. This study explored the impact of annealing on the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA specimens. Tensile specimens were produced using FDM following ASTM D638 standards. The specimens were annealed at 95°C and 145°C for 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Two untreated specimens served as benchmarks. Tensile tests were conducted on all specimens to evaluate their mechanical properties. The most optimal result was achieved with annealing at 95°C for 30 minutes, producing Young’s modulus of 3.3 GPA and the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 38.9 MPa. Other parameters resulted in lower properties compared to the untreated specimens.
PENGARUH TEKANAN VAKUM TERHADAP KEMURNIAN OKSIGEN PADA PROSES VACUUM PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
Authors: Sugondo Amelia , Sutrisno Teng , Saputra Richard M. Saputra
Published: January 2025

Air pollution is an environmental problem that interferes with human health. This pollution is difficult to avoid due to the development of industry and transportation which are not fully environmentally friendly. Air pollution contributes 15-30% of health problems, especially breathing. One of the respiratory diseases is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the highest cause of death of the four other types of respiratory diseases. COPD sufferers need to get fresh air with a high oxygen content. The oxygen requirement can be produced by using cryogenic, adsorption and membrane technology. This study developed equipment for long-term oxygen therapy for COPD patients. Several adsorption methods have been developed, namely Vacuum Swing Adsorption (VSA), Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption (VPSA). VPSA was designed and used for this research because it can produce oxygen purity higher and more efficiently than others. This method utilizes vacuum pressure. VPSA was designed with 2 beds containing 13x zeolite added with activated alumina and 1 bed containing carbon molecular sieve (CMS). Experiments were carried out with a vacuum pressure setting of 0.35 bar, 0.5 bar and without vacuum to study the effect on oxygen purity, recovery process and productivity. From the experiments it was found that increasing the vacuum pressure can produce higher oxygen purity, but the opposite is true for recovery conditions from zeolite and oxygen productivity.
DESIGN AND STRESS ANALYSIS OF RX-122 ROCKET MOTOR TUBE USING NUMERICAL METHOD
Authors: Wibawa Lasinta Ari Nendra , Rusyana Iyus , Koswara Dinar , Nugraha Gagan , Muhdiyat Diyat , Irawan Dedi
Published: January 2025

The RX-122 rocket is an experimental rocket series developed by the Technology Centre for Rocket-BRIN. The lightweight design of the RX-122 rocket motor tube is an essential requirement for improving the rocket's flight performance. The objective of this research is to identify a rocket motor tube design that offers both safety and minimal weight. A total of 12 different design configurations for the rocket motor tube are examined using numerical methods assisted by Ansys software. Aluminium 6061-T6 material was chosen to withstand an internal operating pressure load of 10.5 MPa. The design involves examining a range of wall thickness options, including 4 and 5 mm, cap thickness options of 15 and 20 mm, and fillet radii of 10, 15, and 20 mm. This approach provides a comprehensive and systematic method to achieve optimal structural performance under operational stress conditions, ensuring that only safe yet lightweight configurations are selected. This evaluation, which integrates the exploration of wall, cap, and fillet dimensions, offers an innovative framework to optimize the balance between safety and weight. The findings indicate that only the 12th design, featuring a wall thickness, cap thickness, and fillet radius of 5, 20, and 20 mm, satisfies the specified criteria. The method demonstrates a practical advantage in refining rocket design with high efficiency and accuracy, reducing trial-and-error in experimental setups.
THERMAL EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF COMBUSTION TURBINE GENERATOR (821-G-101) PT TRANS PACIFIC PETROCHEMICAL INDOTAMA AFTER MAJOR INSPECTION
Authors: Arif Batutah Moh , Kusnanto Hadi , Kurniawati Indah , Safi’i Achmad
Published: January 2025

The gas turbine is one of the most widely used equipment in oil and gas industries as an electric generator driving system. To maintain the reliability and performance of the gas turbine, a major inspection program is required. Thermal efficiency analysis is the parameters of success in major inspection activities. Thermal efficiency analysis is carried out by comparing data and operating parameters of gas turbine before and after the major inspection. The analysis aims to determine the actual efficiency of each component, and also the actual overall efficiency in the gas turbine. The study result is the actual thermal efficiency of a gas turbine after a major inspection has increased from 12.20% to 12.84% at a load of 6 MW, an increase from 15.76% to 16.77% at a load of 9 MW, and an increase of 18.59% to 20.16% at a load of 12 MW. Based on the actual performance comparison data with design data, it is known that the overall actual performance is still below the design performance, both heat efficiency, heat consumption and heat rate. This is caused by the operating lifetime
PENGARUH MATERIAL TERHADAP DEFORMASI, STRAIN, DAN SAFETY FACTOR PADA BRACKET CALIPER MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA
Authors: Ghyferi Andi Abdullah , Bahatmaka Aldias , Wibowo Muhammad Yusuf , Anwar Ahmad , Ridananda Ayyub , Vandika Anggi
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to analyze the deformation, equivalent elastic strain, and safety factor of a bracket bracket made from two different materials by using the Finite Element Method, specifically aluminum alloy 6061 T6 and cast iron EN GJL 100. The result of this study is that the Aluminum Alloy 6061T6 material has a deformation of 3.57E-04 whereas the Cast iron EN GJL 100 material is 2.75E-04. In the elastic strain equivalent test, the Aluminium alloy 6061 T6 material is 3.00-E07 and in the Cast Iron EN G JL 100 materials is 2.32E-07. In the safety factor test, Cast Iron En G J L 100 material was better than 1.8617 compared to the Alumium Alloys 60 61 T6 materials are 1.5125. This shows that Cast Iron E GJ L 100 materials are better in deformations, eqeuivalent elastic stations, and safety factors in this case.
DESIGN OF BAMBOO STICK POLISHING MACHINE WITH 12 TON/MONTH CAPACITY
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan , Setiawan Heri , Sujana Dede , Fauzan Hardiansyah Ilham
Published: January 2025

Local bamboo stick products are still unable to compete with imported bamboo stick on the market due to the high cost of production. The production of bamboo stick has several stages, including cutting bamboo blades, removing bamboo skin, forming square blades, forming circle profiles, cutting lengths, smoothing, sharpening, and drying. Currently, the refining process at the Booboo Walini Workshop has an uneven level of uniformity. In the design process of this polishing machine, the VDI 2222 design methodology is used. The way this machine works is that the bamboo stick will be inserted into a cylindrical finned reservoir and then rotated within + 1 hour. The skewers will contact each other and rub against each other which can smooth the surface of the bamboo stick from the fibers. In determining the optimal geometry and number of fins in the reservoir, simulations were carried out using Altair EDEM software with a Discrete Element Method (DEM) approach and considering the optimal number of contacts during the polishing process. This machine is driven by an electric motor with a power of 1.1 kW and an output rotation of 16 rpm. This polishing machine has a production capacity of 461.5 kg daily with a storage dimension of ∅597.3 × 680 mm.
ANALISIS KEKUATAN STRUKTUR SQUARE CHAMBER INJECTION MULTICASTING PYROGENIC IGNITER MENGGUNAKAN FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS (FEA)
Authors: Prayoga Rama Dwi , Prasetyo Ichsan Dwi , Mahdiyyah Maharani Inas
Published: January 2025

It is necessary to analyze the structural strength of the square chamber component in the design of injection multicasting pyrogenic igniter to ensure that the structural components of the chamber are able to withstand loads from hydraulic piston pressure. Four square chamber configurations were analyzed using the Autodesk Inventor software FEA method. Load simulations are given at 10,000 N, 50,000 N, and 100,000 N. Von Mises stress, safety factor, and displacement are obtained for each design configuration. Where it is known that the structural design of the square chamber design configurations 1, 2, and 3 has optimal reliability at a load capacity of up to ± 10,000 N. As for the structural design of the square chamber design configuration 4, it is known to have optimal reliability at a load capacity of 50,000 N. However it is possible that it is reliable enough to withstand load capacities up to ± 100,000 N.
KINERJA PROTOTIPE RODA PENGGERAK BERSIRIP GANDA PADA LAHAN SAWAH GAMBUT
Authors: Susanto Herdi , Darsan Herri , Jayadi Farid , Masykur Masykur , Husin Zakir , Ali Syurkarni
Published: January 2025

Agricultural technology to support the agricultural sector, especially peaty paddy fields, should be developed, because peat land with a thickness of less than one meter has been recommended for rice crops. supported by a potential peatland area of ​​up to 21 million Ha or 10.8% of Indonesia's land area. Currently, peatland farming communities use sickles to harvest rice and hoes to cultivate the land. So far, hand tractor finned wheel drive technology has been widely used for cultivating wet paddy fields, whereas in conditions of peaty paddy fields it has not been able to be used because of the high level of sinkage and wheel slip, for this reason a new model of wheel is needed that is capable of working in peaty paddy fields. The aim of the research is firstly to find the right model of driving wheel for use in peaty paddy fields, secondly a prototype driving wheel for peaty paddy fields, and thirdly to experimentally test the driving wheel. Research results (1) prototype with a driving wheel diameter of 35 cm and the number of fins is 8 for the standard fin type and for the double fin type the driving wheel diameter is 40 cm with 4 vertical arc fins, which are placed on the surface of the driving wheel. (2) Comparison with the same type of loading shows that the double fin type drive wheel has a relatively smaller level of wheel loading (around 20%) when compared to the standard type drive wheel. (3) The sinkage level of the standard type drive wheel has a smaller sinkage (around 10%) compared to the double finned wheel type, in tests with the same type of loading. test loads for wheels are 20 kg, 40 kg and 60 kg. The double fin type drive wheel is good for use in peaty paddy fields.
GREENHOUSE SYSTEM WITH FORCED AIR FLOW FOR PRE-DISTILLED KAFFIR (CITRUS HYSTRIX) LEAF TREATMENT
Authors: Cahyani Chandrawati , Nurhadianty Vivi , Sarosa Aji Hendra , Muttaqin Moch Fitron , Hidayat Fahrul Huzain , Sarumpaet Dicky Gabriel Partogi , Safitri Mellyantika Alga , Miranti Thiara Jatayuning , Rifdah Naufaliyah Rifdah
Published: January 2025

The greenhouse effect, which is a global issue, can provide benefits in the agricultural sector, especially in the processing of essential oils, which require drying raw materials before being purified. This is necessary to increase process efficiency, one of which is processing kaffir lime leaves. Drying is generally done in a simple way, but it has problems such as high-water content (approximately 15%), unstable weather, and slow drying speeds that cause leaf damage and fungus affecting essential oil quality. The solution is to utilize suitable technology, such as a greenhouse system. The study compares greenhouse drying methods with forced airflow and open sun drying, focusing on moisture content. The moisture content was measured using a moisture balance at each drying time. The result is that Greenhouse Force Circulation (GFC) drying effectively decreases kaffir lime leaves' moisture compared to Open Sun Drying (OSD), as evidenced by its higher drying rate.
DETERMINATION OF PROCESS PARAMETER FOR INJECTION MOLDING : A REVIEW
Authors: Arifin Muhammad Alfattah , Pranoto Hadi
Published: January 2025

One of the most suitable methods for mass production of complicated shapes is injection molding due to its superior production speed and quality. Plastic injection is the process of forming products from plastic materials with variations in shape and size. Controlling the quality of plastic products is an important aspect of the plastic injection molding process. To achieve high process effectiveness and desired product quality, correct and precise parameter settings are essential. One of the benchmarks for assessing the productivity and efficiency of an industry is to look at the level of product defects that occur in producing a product. This article aims to provide a brief review of the explanation of injection molding, types of molding, types of injection failure, experimental methods in determining injection molding parameters. Types of failure in the injection process such as short shot, weld mark, warpage, sink mark, air trap, black spot, flashing, hole, over molding, delamination. The experimental method determines parameters such as the Taguchi method, ANOVA method, hard computing techniques. The future will likely tend to use AI techniques as has happened with other methods in manufacturing processes to complement conventional techniques in determining injection molding process parameters.
REVIEW ON RAMS ANALYSIS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN RAILWAY SYSTEM OF INDONESIA
Authors: Muzakki Sofyan , Gunawan Leonardo , Rachman Setiawan  , Kariem M. Agus
Published: January 2025

Railway vehicles are critical for ensuring the reliability and safety of trains, and their complexity has grown with technological advancements. RAMS analysis (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety) has become a popular method for assessing the functional requirements of these vehicles. This review specifically investigates RAMS analysis for railway vehicles, aiming to identify trends, developments, key research challenges, and potential application in railway system of Indonesia. By thoroughly reviewing relevant articles, it explores various aspects of RAMS analysis, conducts comparative analyses, discusses potential research directions, and highlights advancements and usage in railway vehicle contexts. The methodology involves formulating research questions, searching the Scopus database for records, and applying assessment criteria to select eligible articles. Results reveal recent developments, distribution of articles, and studies focusing on reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety. This review offers valuable insights into the current state of RAMS analysis for railway vehicles and guides future research and development in this area.
ANALISIS PERFORMA RDF DENGAN PEREKAT LIMBAH ORGANIK UNTUK MEMENUHI STANDAR MUTU INDUSTRI
Authors: Tambunan Alvian , Prawoto Prawoto , Hardiyanto Catur
Published: January 2025

This study aims to obtain RDF adhesives made from organic waste and to determine the effect of adhesives on RDF performance. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative. The various types of adhesives used are waste banana peels, cassava peels, and cocoa peels. The ratio of the composition of RDF and adhesive waste is 9:1 mass unit. RDF material is mashed and filtered using mesh 10, after being mixed with adhesive then pressed with pressure 5; 7.5; 10; and 12.5 bar, then dried in an oven at 150 0C for 3 hours and dried in the sun for two days. RDF testing was carried out by proximate for water content and ash content, by bomb calorimeter for calorific value, and by Shore Hardness Test for hardness. The results showed that waste banana peels, cassava peels, and cocoa peels can function as RDF adhesives for organic waste and meet industry standards, replacing plastic or flour-type adhesives that have been used so far. The calorific value, moisture content, and ash content of RDF with the three adhesives were (5495.410 cal/g, 7.78%, and 16.74%) for banana peel adhesive, (6068.007 cal/g, 6.18%, and 17.14%) for cassava peel adhesive and (5,504.438 cal/g, 5.36%, and 17.19%) for cocoa shell. The results of the hardness test of RDF materials with the three adhesives each with variations in pressure showed (6 Shore D 5 bar, 8.5 Shore D 7.5 bar, 13 Shore D 10 bar, and 19 Shore D 12.5 bar) for banana peel adhesive, (6.5 Shore D 5 bar, 10 Shore D 7.5 bar, 14 Shore D 10 bar, and 20 Shore D 12.5 bar) for cassava peel adhesive and (8 Shore D 5 bar, 12 Shore D 7.5 bar, 18 Shore D 10 bar and 24 Shore D 12.5 bar) for cocoa shell adhesive.
ANALISIS KUALITAS GAS BUANG PADA STEAM BOILER BERBAHAN BAKAR BIO-SOLAR DAN BATU BARA
Authors: Ar Rasyid Moh. Rizal , Anis Samsudin , Susanto Susanto , Danang Setio Wardana
Published: January 2025

Steam boilers fueled by biodiesel and coal are one of the industrial activities that still produce exhaust emissions such as Total Particulate (PM), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Opacity, Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), and Carbon Monoxide (CO) which is very dangerous for public health and the environment. Therefore, analysis of flue gas emissions in steam boiler installations equipped with filtration devices (cyclones, water scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators) before being discharged into the environment is of important. Exhaust gas emission was measured by using a gas analyzer, smoke tester, and portable quality air monitor. The results of exhaust gas emission analysis showed that the average concentration of PM, SO2, and CO did not meet the specified emission quality standard thresholds, exempted for opacity concentration for both steam boilers fueled with biodiesel and coal. It is suspected that this is caused by the sub optimal performance of the filtration equipment used in this system. Therefore, regular maintenance is required, and if necessary, a redesign of the entire system can be carried out.
PENGARUH PARAMETER PEMESINAN TERHADAP KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN AI6061BE PADA PEMESINAN CNC MINI 500 WATT MENGGUNAKAN PAHAT KARBIDA STRAIGHT ENDMILL
Authors: Napitupulu Richard A. M. , Perangin angin Siwan E.A.
Published: January 2025

The role of automatic machining with the help of computer programming such as Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) has become commonplace today in both large and small industrial sectors or micro industry. CNC is a manufacturing process where previously programmed computer software is converted into code that can automate machining movements, one of which is the milling or lathe process. CNC performance is determined by machining output power. For micro industrial or laboratory scale, CNC with low power is usually used to cut soft materials such as wood, acrylic, aluminum and others. This is the basis for this research to look at the influence of machining parameters such as speed, depth of cut and feed rate on the surface roughness (Ra) of AI6061BE aluminum workpieces in the dry machining process on a mini CNC unit with a maximum spindle power of 500 watts. This research uses an experimental design based on the Taguchi method and takes the form of an L16 (43)  orthogonal matrix. The chisel used is a Straight End Mill 2 fluke carbide chisel. The experiment was carried out 4 times cutting in the positive x-axis direction and 4 times in the negative x-axis direction for each variation of machining parameters. From the test results, surface roughness, feed rate is a parameter that is more influential than speed and depth of cut.
ANALYSIS OF WORK ACCIDENTS DURING THE PLUMBING INSTALLATION PROCESS USING THE FAULT TREE ANALYSIS METHOD
Authors: Bastuti Sofian , Alfatiyah Rini
Published: January 2025

The plumbing installation process often harbors potential risks that can lead to workplace accidents. Considering the serious consequences of workplace accidents both in terms of health and economy, there are six types of workplace accidents in the plumbing installation process: foot crushed by a pipe, hand cut by a cutting tool blade, eyes exposed to welding smoke, burnt by hot welding slag, sparked by friction between iron and a cutting blade, and leg scratched by the edge of a pipe. This study aims to analyze workplace accident incidents during the plumbing installation process using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method with the hope of identifying the root causes of the accidents and formulating recommendations to improve work safety. The FTA method allows for the development of a systematic model that illustrates the cause-and-effect relationships of system failures and their components. The primary advantage of using FTA is its ability to provide a comprehensive understanding of complex accident scenarios by breaking them down into simpler basic events. The novelty of this research lies in its application of FTA specifically to the plumbing installation process, which has not been extensively explored in previous studies. The results identified that the cause of eyes exposed to welding fumes led to 11 basic events, while the mocus analysis revealed 7 basic events with 11 failure combinations.
STUDI KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET ARANG BIOMASSA BERBASIS SCREW PRESS
Authors: Dahlan Masbin , Sulfiana Enni , Purna yudha Sabdha , Amaluddin Muh. Nurul Haq
Published: January 2025

Biomass is material originating from plants that can be used as a source of energy, fuel, or a substitute for products and materials originating from fossils. One of the raw materials for biomass briquettes, an energy alternative, is coconut shells. To increase briquette production and simplify the process, briquette-making machine tools or technology are needed that can be used for large-quantity production. This research aims to design and build a biomass charcoal briquette densification machine using the Screw Press system, as well as test the performance of the densification machine in making biomass charcoal briquettes from coconut shells using tapioca adhesive and kapok leaf extract. The motor power required for the charcoal briquette densification machine is 2.33 PK. This densification machine is capable of producing charcoal briquettes weighing 11,115 grams per minute or 667 kg per hour with a rotation speed of 350 rpm. The average performance efficiency of the densification machine reached 98.33%. The average density of briquettes using tapioca flour adhesive is 0.9941 g/cm3, while for briquettes using kapok leaf extract, it is 0.9579 g/cm3. The drop test results showed an average value of 0.1133% for each type of briquette. The average briquette compression test values were 2.6133 N/mm2 and 2.0733 N/mm2, while the average ash content was 2.94% and 3.20%. The average burning rate of briquettes is 0.1112 g/minute and 0.1273 g/minute for each type of briquette.
INVESTIGASI LAJU REGANGAN CREEP BAJA TAHAN KARAT FERRITIC PADA TEMPERATUR 570 °C
Authors: Ekaputra I Made Wicaksana
Published: January 2025

The probabilistic assessment of failure due to the creep phenomenon must be determined with the minimum deviation. Since the creep failure took years before rupture, laboratory experiments were conducted to represent the failure time. However, the laboratory results are only an empirical approach; therefore, the probabilistic assessment can be deviated. A huge number of variables in creep experiments must be conducted to minimize the deviation. This study investigated the creep strain rate for the 9Cr-1Mo ferritic stainless steel. The lever-arm creep machine was used for the creep rupture test, and the test followed the standard of ASTM E139. The constant loads were applied in the range of 250 – 170 MPa with the homologous temperature of 570 °C. The curve of strain to time was recorded from each constant load condition. The creep strain rate was then calculated and presented in the curve of the creep strain rate to the applied load. The linear regression was drawn from the curve by applying Norton’s equation. By obtaining the creep strain hardening coefficient and exponent, an initial probabilistic assessment of creep failure at a temperature of 570 °C can be predicted.
FAILURE MODES AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (FMEA) ON TRACK INFRASTRUCTURE INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Angga Ahmad Maulana  , Puja IGN Wiratmaja , Wicaksono Satrio
Published: January 2025

Track infrastructure plays an important role in the railway business, where the safety of rail travel is determined by the integrity that exists in each component of the railway track. In this paper, an integrity assessment of track infrastructure is carried out using the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method by identifying various failure modes for each component and track geometry that have existed in the field. Then a survey was conducted to track maintenance experts at PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) to get the value of severity, occurrence, detection, and recommended actions taken. Based on the analysis, the failure mode with the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN) is the cracked rail on the welding/fish plate joint with a value of 280, while the failure mode with the lowest RPN is the loose rail with a value of 108. Then 21 failure modes fall into the "unacceptable" risk level, 4 failure modes fall into the "tolerable" risk level, and 1 failure mode falls into the "acceptable" risk level. From the results of this assessment, it is expected to help in prioritizing the risk of failure, so that the maintenance strategy can be planned properly, and the safety of train travel can be maintained.
EFFECT OF DRILLING PARAMETERS ON THRUST FORCE AND DELAMINATION DAMAGE OF DRILLED RAMIE WOVEN – COIR FIBER HYBRID COMPOSITES
Authors: Chandrabakty Sri , Fadly Muhammad Syaiful , Nilasari Sri
Published: January 2025

This study examines the effect of spindle speed and feed rate variations on the delamination mechanism and thrust force of hybrid composite materials reinforced with ramie weave and coir fibers. The specimen was made with a volume fraction of 30%, consisting of 6 layers of woven ramie, with the remainder being coir. The drilling process is divided into four main phases, showing changes in thrust force at each stage. The results indicate that an increase in feed rate tends to increase thrust force and cause microstructural damage such as delamination and fiber pull-out. At a feed rate of 0.26 mm/rev and a spindle speed of 1500 RPM, the maximum thrust force is reached, indicating the most severe damage. The delamination factor is higher on the exit side compared to the entry side, especially at higher spindle speeds. Tensile tests show a significant decrease in the tensile strength of the composite material due to drilling, with the highest tensile stress achieved at a spindle speed of 1500 RPM and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev, although still lower than the sample without holes. The combination of high feed rate and high spindle speed increases the risk of material damage, but the proper selection of drilling parameters can help minimize damage and maintain the mechanical integrity of the composite material. This study provides important insights for industrial applications where mechanical strength and drilling efficiency are crucial.
Efectos de la capacitación en la actitud emprendedora y habilidades sociales de comunidades étnicas caucanas
Authors: Rivera-Lozada Isabel Cristina , Moreno-Delacruz Jhonatan Alexander , Hoyos Garcés Guadalupe Esther
Published: January 2025

i) Introducción: La educación y formación en emprendimiento se reconocen como potenciales para la generación de mejores condiciones económicas tanto a nivel macro como en la vida de las personas, sin embargo, los resultados de los programas de formación pueden ser cuestionados al no incorporar el enfoque diferencial para comunidades rurales étnicamente diferenciadas. ii) Objetivo: La investigación indagó la incidencia de las habilidades sociales en la actitud emprendedora en comunidades campesinas, indígenas y afrocolombianas del Cauca, como resultado del programa de formación SENA Emprende Rural. iii) Metodología: Mediante el uso de un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo y correlacional, se identificaron las diferencias entre el momento ex ante y ex post de la participación en el programa de capacitación. iv) Resultados: De acuerdo con los hallazgos encontrados no se evidencian cambios significativos en respuesta a la formación y validan la correlación entre la actitud emprendedora y las habilidades sociales. v) Conclusiones: Lo anterior está explicado por diseños curriculares sin enfoque diferencial y pocos participantes en la investigación dado el aislamiento geográfico y dificultades de conectividad donde habitan estas comunidades.
Antibiotic Use In Utero and Early Life and Risk of Chronic Childhood Conditions in New Zealand: Protocol for a Data Linkage Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ram Sharan , Corbin Marine , 't Mannetje Andrea , Eng Amanda , Kvalsvig Amanda , Baker Michael G , Douwes Jeroen
Published: January 2025

Background

The incidence of many common chronic childhood conditions has increased globally in the past few decades, which has been suggested to be potentially attributed to antibiotic overuse leading to dysbiosis in the gut microbiome.

Objective

This linkage study will assess the role of antibiotic use in utero and in early life in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), and inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods

The study design involves several retrospective cohort studies using linked administrative health and social data from Statistics New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure. It uses data from all children who were born in New Zealand between October 2005 and December 2010 (N=334,204) and their mothers. Children’s antibiotic use is identified for 4 time periods (at pregnancy, at ≤1 year, at ≤2 years, and at ≤5 years), and the development of T1D, ADHD, and inflammatory bowel disease is measured from the end of the antibiotic use periods until death, emigration, or the end of the follow-up period (2021), whichever came first. Children who emigrated or died before the end of the antibiotic use period are excluded. Cox proportional hazards regression models are used while adjusting for a range of potential confounders.

Results

As of September 2024, data linkage has been completed, involving the integration of antibiotic exposure and outcome variables for 315,789 children. Preliminary analyses show that both prenatal and early life antibiotic consumption is associated with T1D. Full analyses for all 3 outcomes will be completed by the end of 2025.

Conclusions

This series of linked cohort studies using detailed, complete, and systematically collected antibiotic prescription data will provide critical new knowledge regarding the role of antibiotics in the development of common chronic childhood conditions. Thus, this study has the potential to contribute to the development of primary prevention strategies through, for example, targeted changes in antibiotic use.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/66184
Foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract in children, modern approaches to removal. A clinical case
Authors: Ivantsiv V.A. , Nyankovskyy S.L. , Yushchyk L.V. , Nyankovska O.S. , Tumak I.M. , Kocherkevych T.O. , Yurkiv O.V. , Kocherkevych O.N.
Published: January 2025

Background. The problem of providing emergency care to children who have swallowed sharp foreign bodies remains relevant and requires addressing the following issues: the timeliness of such care, the diagnostic algorithm for determining the nature of a foreign body, and the methodological aspects of the endoscopist’s procedure. The purpose of this study is to improve the technique for removing a fixed sharp-pointed foreign body from a child’s esophagus. Materials and methods. The article describes a clinical case of endoscopic removal of a 2-cm long open safety pin lodged in the upper esophageal sphincter with the sharp end up. Results. The endoscopic procedure to remove an impacted sharp foreign body from the esophagus was conducted in three steps. The first stage involved the sequential and safe moving the open safety pin to the stomach to reorient it with the sharp end pointing downward, thereby preventing injury to the cardiac sphincter and the esophageal orifice during its removal. The second stage involved rotating and reorienting the safety pin so that the sharp end pointed downward. The third stage involved the secure fixation of a foreign body with the sharp end pointing downward and its slow, careful removal. ­Conclusions. Children suspected of having a foreign body in the upper gastrointestinal tract should be urgently assessed and treated in the surgical department of a specialized multidisciplinary hospital. The most effective way to provide this type of care is to centralize it in a single regional facility that is fully equipped with specialized equipment and instruments. Flexible endoscopy is the preferred method for removal of foreign bodies found in the upper gastrointestinal tract. A combination of radiographic and endoscopic examinations is necessary to determine the nature of a foreign body and to investigate the cause of its fixation in the lumen. To prevent perforation of the hollow organ, endoscopic procedures in children must be carried out under general anesthesia in a surgical setting. The use of appropriate flexible endoscopes, considering the age-related anatomical and physiological characteristics, minimizes trauma to the esophageal wall and reduces the risk of perforation of the hollow organ wall.
The Impact of Smartphones on Effective Classrooms and Control Measures
Authors: Yuan-yuan Zhao , Ming-zhi Song , Yang Liu
Published: January 2025

In recent times, smartphones have increasingly been incorporated into college classrooms as educational instruments. However, they represent a “dual-edged weapon”, offering ease in teaching while simultaneously contributing to a rising trend of students using their phones improperly during class. Therefore, how to reasonably control the use of smartphones in college classrooms is an issue worth exploring.
Research on Teaching Reform and Innovation in the Project Management Course Based on “Case+”
Authors: Chunxiao Wang , Chengguang Bu , Kefei Zhang
Published: January 2025

Engineering project management is a course that intricately integrates theoretical knowledge with engineering practice, technology, and management. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the engineering project management course as well as the current state of traditional teaching methods. It systematically constructs a “case+” teaching model for this course, encompassing key components such as precise case selection, engaging class interpretation, structured implementation processes, and dynamic case compilation. The proposed model aims to render the engineering project management course not only useful but also interesting, organized, and effective. Practical applications have demonstrated that the “case+” teaching mode can significantly enhance students’ knowledge levels, skill sets, and learning attitudes. Furthermore, it offers robust support for innovative curriculum development while fostering new approaches to training engineering talents that align with societal needs.
Profitability Performance of Broiler Chicken Farming Partnership Pattern in North Minahasa Regency
Authors: Ambat Annatasiya Grace , Elly Femi H. , Osak Richard E.M.F.
Published: January 2025

The study aims to analyze the influence of performance factors on the profitability of broiler chicken farming using partnership patterns in North Minahasa Regency. The method used is a survey method, using a purposive random sampling technique. Data collected through used the questionnaires. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the profitability obtained by broiler chicken farmers using a partnership pattern was IDR 623,844,148 with an average per respondent of IDR 20,794,805. While the influence each independent variable have a very significant effect on the partnership pattern broiler farming profitability. The results of the regression coefficient analysis show that if the Performance Index (IP) increases by IDR 1, profitability will increase by IDR 2.29, these results indicate that farmers have succeeded in achieving the performance of lifeweight and efficiency of feed and medicine/vaccine use. However, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) increases by IDR 1, profitability will decrease by IDR 1.13, meaning it is necessary to improve maintenance management to increase feed conversion into additional bodyweight. Likewise, the Mortality rate increases by IDR 1, then profitability tends to decrease by IDR 0.68, which means the depletion or mortality rate needs to be reduced through more intensive maintenance management.
Bibliometrics and visual analysis: Trends in instructional design in a blended learning environment in the post-pandemic era
Authors: Yuanyuan Feng , Nagappan Rajendran
Published: January 2025

Blended learning has been a major trend since the early 2000s, combining the advantages of online and face-to-face teaching[1,2]. Blended learning has the potential to provide learners with choice and flexibility to participate in the online portion of the course[3].In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the prevalence of blended learning teaching models, which many expect to continue to increase even after the COVID-19 pandemic is over[4,5]. The main goal of this study was to use advanced analytical tools, in particular VOSviewer and Scimago Graphica, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of academic articles on this critical topic of instructional design in mixed environments for the period from 2020 to April 2024. A rigorous screening process was meticulously carried out, ultimately identifying 67 relevant articles from the highly respected Web of Science database, subject to specific conditions set by the researchers. The main result of this study is to comprehensively examine and identify the outstanding research hotspots in the field of instructional design under the blended learning environment. The results of this research investigation are expected to make a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge, provide valuable insights, and facilitate further understanding of current research and subsequent developments in the field.
Organización territorial para la política de transporte y movilidad en Morelos
Authors: Galindo Pérez Carlos
Published: January 2025

Uno de los sectores clave con la capacidad para aumentar o reducir los desequilibrios territoriales a diferentes escalas es el sector transporte. Por esta razón es requerimiento contar con un plan que contenga el diseño de la política de transporte y la movilidad. En este documento se revisa el “Programa Estatal de Transporte 2019-2024” del estado de Morelos con el objetivo de identificar la pertinencia de los principales ejes de acción, para reconocer la coherencia y las áreas de oportunidad dentro de la política de transporte y movilidad en la entidad.
Estructura y composición de los impuestos en las entidades federativas: panorama general ante las elecciones 2024
Authors: Coutiño Vázquez Brenda Gisela
Published: January 2025

El presupuesto del Estado mexicano se ha caracterizado por su débil capacidad recaudatoria y por la dependencia del sector petrolero (ingresos no tributarios). Esta insuficiencia recaudatoria se refleja en un sistema impositivo con un horizonte limitado. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la dimensión relativa de la estructura por impuestos y la importancia de la recaudación para disminuir la desigualdad ante el agotamiento del margen fiscal con el que cuentan las finanzas públicas y el escenario electoral de 2024. Se observa que la Ciudad de México, Nuevo León y Tamaulipas fueron los estados que más aportaron con impuestos tributarios (federales) durante 2020; mientras que la recaudación conjunta de impuestos tributarios de la mitad de las entidades federativas fue de 5.9 % del total nacional. A escala local, la Ciudad de México y el Estado de México efectuaron mayor recaudación propia, mientras que Tlaxcala y Morelos son las entidades con los menores esfuerzos recaudatorios.
Árboles, jirafas, osos, abejas y demás: ampliando los confines de la democracia
Authors: Durand Leticia , Villagómez Reséndiz Radamés
Published: January 2025

En las elecciones de 2024 en México, los problemas ambientales no fueron prominentes. Sin embargo, los procesos de degradación ambiental otorgan una mayor presencia a los seres más que humanos en la política nacional. Los ejemplos incluyen situaciones como la muerte masiva de abejas, la propagación del mosquito del dengue y los debates sobre el bienestar de animales confinados en zoológicos. Estos casos nos llevan a reflexionar sobre el estatus político de los no humanos y sobre cómo incorporarlos en nuestra democracia. Reconocer y escuchar seriamente aquello que nos comunican es un paso hacia su inclusión en nuestro sistema político.