bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connectivity modulations induced by reach&grasp movements: a multidimensional approach
Authors: Caliandro Pietro , Menegaz Gloria , Iacovelli Chiara , Conte Carmela , Reale Giuseppe , Calabresi Paolo , Storti Silvia F.
Published: November 2021

Reach&grasp requires highly coordinated activation of different brain areas. We investigated whether reach&grasp kinematics is associated to EEG-based networks changes. We enrolled 10 healthy subjects. We analyzed the reach&grasp kinematics of 15 reach&grasp movements performed with each upper limb. Simultaneously, we obtained a 64-channel EEG, synchronized with the reach&grasp movement time points. We elaborated EEG signals with EEGLAB 12 in order to obtain event related synchronization/desynchronization (ERS/ERD) and lagged linear coherence between Brodmann areas. Finally, we evaluated network topology via sLORETA software, measuring network local and global efficiency (clustering and path length) and the overall balance (small-worldness). We observed a widespread ERD in α and β bands during reach&grasp, especially in the centro-parietal regions of the hemisphere contralateral to the movement. Regarding functional connectivity, we observed an α lagged linear coherence reduction among Brodmann areas contralateral to the arm involved in the reach&grasp movement. Interestingly, left arm movement determined widespread changes of α lagged linear coherence, specifically among right occipital regions, insular cortex and somatosensory cortex, while the right arm movement exerted a restricted contralateral sensory-motor cortex modulation. Finally, no change between rest and movement was found for clustering, path length and small-worldness. Through a synchronized acquisition, we explored the cortical correlates of the reach&grasp movement. Despite EEG perturbations, suggesting that the non-dominant reach&grasp network has a complex architecture probably linked to the necessity of a higher visual control, the pivotal topological measures of network local and global efficiency remained unaffected.
Improvement of magnetic resonance imaging using a wireless radiofrequency resonator array
Authors: Alipour Akbar , Seifert Alan C. , Delman Bradley N. , Robson Philip M. , Shrivastava Raj , Hof Patrick R. , Adriany Gregor , Fayad Zahi A. , Balchandani Priti
Published: November 2021

In recent years, new human magnetic resonance imaging systems operating at static magnetic fields strengths of 7 Tesla or higher have become available, providing better signal sensitivity compared with lower field strengths. However, imaging human-sized objects at such high field strength and associated precession frequencies is limited due to the technical challenges associated with the wavelength effect, which substantially disturb the transmit field uniformity over the human body when conventional coils are used. Here we report a novel passive inductively-coupled radiofrequency resonator array design with a simple structure that works in conjunction with conventional coils and requires only to be tuned to the scanner’s operating frequency. We show that inductive-coupling between the resonator array and the coil improves the transmit efficiency and signal sensitivity in the targeted region. The simple structure, flexibility, and cost-efficiency make the proposed array design an attractive approach for altering the transmit field distribution specially at high field systems, where the wavelength is comparable with the tissue size.
Acylamido-based anion-functionalized ionic liquids for efficient synthesis of poly(isosorbide carbonate)
Authors: Fang Wenjuan , Xu Fei , Zhang Yaqin , Wang Heng , Zhang Zhencai , Yang Zifeng , Wang Weiwei , He Hongyan , Luo Yunjun
Published: November 2021

A catalytic system containing an acylamido-based anion was developed for the synthesis of bio-based polycarbonate by efficient activation of monomers.
Understanding the roles of different acid sites in beta zeolites with different particle sizes catalyzed liquid-phase transalkylation of diethylbenzene with benzene
Authors: Yang Chuanyu , Dong Zhongwen , Chu Weifeng , Wang Yanan , Zhao Dongpu , Chen Fucun , Xin Wenjie , Zhu Xiangxue , Liu Shenglin , Xu Longya
Published: November 2021

Moderate and strong Brønsted acid sites were active sites and external acid sites had more contribution to the reaction.
Stable thiolate adducts of Rh2(OAc)4– assembly of hexametallic Ni4Rh2complexes
Authors: Schmorl Sara , Börner Martin , Kersting Berthold
Published: November 2021

Metallothiolate ligands form stable adducts with dirhodium(ii,ii) acetate and allow construction of hexametallic Ni4Rh2assemblies with magnetic properties.
Investigation of the preparation and reactivity of metal–organic frameworks of cerium and pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylate
Authors: Fonseca de Lima Juliana , Moreno Fernanda V. S. , Menezes Bruno A. T. , da Silva Barbosa Jader , Waddington Matthew C. , Franklin Siân A. , Clarkson Guy J. , Walker Marc , Serra Osvaldo A. , Walton Richard I.
Published: November 2021

Crystallisation of three coordination polymers of Ce3+ and pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylate is possible with the material formed depending on solvent and time of reaction: one is hydrothermally stable and shows redox and photocatalytic properties.
Impact of oxygen content on preferred localization of p- and n-type carriers in La0.5Sr0.5Fe1−xMnxO3−δ
Authors: Nikitin Sergey S. , Markov Alexey A. , Merkulov Oleg V. , Chukin Andrey V. , Patrakeev Mikhail V.
Published: November 2021

Oxygen content in La0.5Sr0.5Fe1−xMnxO3−δ is measured vs. oxygen partial pressure. Features of manganese affecting defect equilibrium in the oxides are revealed.
Isocyanate deoxygenation by a molecular magnesium silanide
Authors: Okokhere-Edeghoghon Bibian , Neale Samuel E. , Hill Michael S. , Mahon Mary F. , McMullin Claire L.
Published: November 2021

A molecular magnesium silanide is shown through a combined synthetic and computational study to effect siloxide formation and isocyanate deoxgenation via the initial formation of magnesium silamidate intermediates.
Selective solvent conditions influence sequence development and supramolecular assembly in step-growth copolymerization
Authors: Hamblin Ryan L. , Nguyen Nhu Q. , DuBay Kateri H.
Published: November 2021

Simulations of step-growth copolymerization show how selective solvation of monomer species drives an emergent self-organization of the reactants, altering oligomer sequence and aggregation behaviors.
Effect of photon counting shot noise on total internal reflection microscopy
Authors: Cui Fan , Pine David J.
Published: November 2021

Total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) measures changes in the distance between a colloidal particle and a transparent substrate by measuring the scattering intensity of the particle illuminated by an evanescent wave.
Exploring complementary information of self‐supervised pretext tasks for unsupervised video pre‐training
Authors: Zhou Wei , Hou Yi , Ouyang Kewei , Zhou Shilin
Published: November 2021

This study addresses the problem of the unsupervised pre‐training of video representation learning. The authors' focus is on two common approaches: knowledge distillation and self‐supervised learning. The insight provided is that knowledge distillation and the rapidly advancing self‐supervised technique can be mutually beneficial. Combining these two approaches, a unified framework of self‐supervised learning and image‐based distillation (SSID) for unsupervised video pre‐training is proposed. The effectiveness of SSID in comparison to both image‐based distillation methods and the existing self‐supervised pre‐training baseline is demonstrated. In particular, the authors' model leverages three signals from the unlabelled data. First, the authors distil from the classifier of a 2D pre‐trained model as a soft label. To regularize the training process, the authors then build a novel positive pair of contrastive learning on the representation of the 2D/3D model. Finally, a self‐supervised pretext task is introduced to enhance the authors' model to become aware of the temporal evolution. The authors' experiment results showed that the learnt features achieved the best performance when transferred to action recognition tasks on UCF101 and HMDB51, reaching increases of 2.4% and 1.9% compared to the existing unsupervised pre‐training model, respectively.
Airport small object detection based on feature enhancement
Authors: Zhu Xuan , Liang Binbin , Fu Daoyong , Huang Guoxin , Yang Fan , Li Wei
Published: November 2021

Video object detection is essential for airport surface surveillance, but the objects on the scene are mostly small objects with low resolution, they have no obvious feature information. Due to the scale differences of the objects and the fixed receptive field on the feature maps, detectors cannot model multi‐scale context information and cover all objects. In addition, although the video detection algorithm can be used as a method to solve the problem of small object detection, the temporal feature fusion method of current video detection is very dependent on the quality of a single feature map. Therefore, this paper aims to enhance the features of small objects of a single image. First, an attentional multi‐scale feature fusion enhancement (A‐MSFFE) network is built on the memory‐enhanced global‐local aggregation (MEGA) to supplement semantic and spatial information of small objects. Then, a context feature enhancement (CFE) module is designed for obtaining different receptive fields through different dilated convolutions. Meanwhile, a video detection dataset about the airport is established. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the detection accuracies of small objects and outperform other state‐of‐the‐art video object detection algorithms in self‐built airport dataset.
Relativistic corrections for measuring Hubble’s constant to 1% using stellar standard candles
Authors: Anderson Richard I.
Published: November 2021

We have estimated relativistic corrections for cosmic distance estimates based on stellar standard candles such as classical Cepheids and stars near the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB stars) with the goal of enabling a future unbiased 1% measurement of Hubble’s constant, H0. We considered four effects: K corrections, time dilation, the apparent change of host dust extinction due to non-comoving reference frames, and the change of observed color due to redshift. Using stellar model atmospheres, we computed extinction-dependent K corrections for a wide range of effective temperatures, between 3500 and 6000 K, iron abundances between [Fe/H] = −2.0 and 0.5, surface gravity between log g = 2.0 and 0.0, and host reddening (up to E(B − V)host = 0.5) for a range of redshifts corresponding to distances of ∼20−120 Mpc (z between 0.005 and 0.03) in several HST, JWST, and 2MASS filters. The optical-near-infrared (NIR) Wesenheit function applied by the Cepheid distance ladder is particularly useful for limiting the magnitude of K corrections and for mitigating complications arising from host dust extinction. Missing host extinction corrections related to the circumgalactic medium and circumstellar environments arising from stellar mass loss are discussed as potential systematics of TRGB distance measurements. However, their effect is estimated to be insufficient to explain differences in H0 values based on Cepheids or TRGB supernova calibrations. All stellar standard candle observations require relativistic corrections in order to achieve an unbiased 1% H0 measurement in the future. Applying the K correction, the redshift-Leavitt bias correction, and a correction for the Wesenheit slope redshift dependence, the Cepheid-based H0 measurement increases by 0.45 ± 0.05 km s−1 Mpc−1 to H0SH0ES = 73.65 ± 1.30 km s−1 Mpc−1, raising the tension with the early-Universe value reported by the Planck Collaboration from 4.2σ to 4.4σ. For TRGB-based H0 measurements, we estimate a ∼0.5% upward correction for the methodology employed by Freedman et al. (H0CCHP = 70.2 ± 1.7 km s−1 Mpc−1) and an even smaller −0.15% downward correction for the methodology employed by Anand et al. (H0EDD = 71.4 ± 1.8 km s−1 Mpc−1). The opposite sign of these corrections is related to different reddening systematics and reduces the difference between the studies by ∼0.46 km s−1 Mpc−1. The optical-NIR Wesenheit function is particularly attractive for accurate distance measurements because it advantageously combines measurements in filters where K corrections have opposite signs. The JWST/NIRCAM F277W filter is of particular interest for TRGB stars thanks to its insensitivity to (weak) host reddening and K corrections below the level of 1% at Coma cluster distances.
Exploring the relation between turbulent velocity and density fluctuations in the stratified intracluster medium
Authors: Simonte M. , Vazza F. , Brighenti F. , Brüggen M. , Jones T. W. , Angelinelli M.
Published: November 2021

Context. The dynamics of the intracluster medium (ICM) is affected by turbulence driven by several processes, such as mergers, accretion and feedback from active galactic nuclei.

Aims. X-ray surface brightness fluctuations have been used to constrain turbulence in galaxy clusters. Here, we use simulations to further investigate the relation between gas density and turbulent velocity fluctuations, with a focus on the effect of the stratification of the ICM.

Methods. In this work, we studied the turbulence driven by hierarchical accretion by analysing a sample of galaxy clusters simulated with the cosmological code ENZO. We used a fixed scale filtering approach to disentangle laminar from turbulent flows.

Results. In dynamically perturbed galaxy clusters, we found a relation between the root mean square of density and velocity fluctuations, albeit with a different slope than previously reported. The Richardson number is a parameter that represents the ratio between turbulence and buoyancy, and we found that this variable has a strong dependence on the filtering scale. However, we could not detect any strong relation between the Richardson number and the logarithmic density fluctuations, in contrast to results by recent and more idealised simulations. In particular, we find a strong effect from radial accretion, which appears to be the main driver for the gas fluctuations. The ubiquitous radial bias in the dynamics of the ICM suggests that homogeneity and isotropy are not always valid assumptions, even if the turbulent spectra follow Kolmogorov’s scaling. Finally, we find that the slope of the velocity and density spectra are independent of cluster-centric radii.
Characterisation of the main belt asteroid (223) Rosa
Authors: Avdellidou C. , Pajola M. , Lucchetti A. , Agostini L. , Delbo M. , Mazzotta Epifani E. , Bourdelle de Micas J. , Devogèle M. , Fornasier S. , van Belle G. , Bruot N. , Dotto E. , Ieva S. , Cremonese G. , Palumbo P.
Published: November 2021

Context. The ESA JUICE space mission, on its way to study Jupiter’s environment and icy moons, will pass twice through the main asteroid belt. For this reason, the possibility to perform an asteroid flyby has been investigated.

Aims. We aim to gain insight into the physical properties of the outer main belt asteroid (223) Rosa, which has been proposed as a potential JUICE flyby target.

Methods. We report new visible and near-infrared spectroscopic observations at different rotation phases. Additionally, we perform a literature review of all the available physical properties, such as diameter, albedo, mass, and rotational period.

Results. We find that asteroid Rosa is an X-type asteroid that shows no significant spectral variability combining the new and literature spectroscopic data. Its large size and orbital semimajor axis in the outer main belt indicate that Rosa does not belong to the Themis family, while its albedo is only marginally compatible with the family. Rosa’s estimated density is in agreement with those of other low-albedo X-type asteroids. Hence, we propose that Rosa is a planetesimal that accreted in the protoplanetary disk beyond the snow line.
Ersteinschätzungssysteme in der Zentralen Notaufnahme
Authors: Gräff Ingo , Pin Martin
Published: November 2021

Was ist neu?

Neue Herausforderung der Ersteinschätzung Es ist davon auszugehen, dass Notfallpatienten zukünftig deutlich mehr kanalisiert werden und über gemeinsame Anlaufstellen der Notfallversorgung zugeführt werden. Ging es bis dato immer um die zuverlässige Identifikation der Hochrisikopatienten und Zuordnung der Behandlungsdringlichkeit, rückt zunehmend der Aspekt der Lenkung in eine Versorgungsstruktur (KV vs. ZNA) in den Vordergrund.

Manchester-Triage-System als „Gatekeeper“ Das Manchester-Triage-System (MTS) ist in mehreren Studien hinsichtlich einer „Gatekeeper-Funktion“ untersucht worden. Es scheint, dass das MTS nicht ausreichend valide ist, um Patienten sicher zu identifizieren und um sie anschließend in die hausärztliche Versorgung umzuleiten.

Ressourcenzuteilung und Dringlichkeitseinstufung „in einem“ Aktuell befinden sich 2 unterschiedliche Systeme in der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung. Die Herausforderung liegt in der Kombination einer Dringlichkeitseinstufung mit ausreichender Güte und einer adäquaten Ressourcenzuteilung. Im Einzelnen sind es das „Strukturierte medizinische Ersteinschätzungsverfahren in Deutschland“ (SmED) und das Projekt „Optimierung der Notfallversorgung durch strukturierte Ersteinschätzung mittels intelligenter Assistenzdienste“ (OPTINOVA).
Diagnostik und Therapie des Magenkarzinoms
Authors: Hacker Ulrich , Hoffmeister Albrecht , Lordick Florian
Published: November 2021

Was ist neu?

Molekulare Subtypen Die molekularen Alterationen beim Magenkarzinom wurden umfassend charakterisiert. Darauf basiert eine Einteilung in 4 Subtypen, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer Frequenz in unterschiedlichen Lokalisationen des Magens sowie im biologischen Verhalten und der Prognose unterscheiden.

Vorsorge und erbliche Formen Chronische Entzündungen der Schleimhaut (unter dem Einfluss von Helicobacter pylori) spielen bei den Nicht-Kardia-Karzinomen eine zentrale pathogenetische Rolle. Patienten mit ausgedehnter Atrophie oder intestinaler Metaplasie sollten endoskopisch überwacht werden. Bei Risikopersonen sollte Helicobacter pylori eradiziert werden. Ein frühes Erkrankungsalter kann auf eine erbliche Disposition hinweisen (Keimbahnmutationen im E-Cadherin-Gen). Patienten mit hereditärem nicht polypösem kolorektalem Karzinom haben ebenfalls ein erhöhtes Risiko, an Magenkarzinomen zu erkranken. Eine humangenetische Beratung ist in beiden Fällen obligat.

Therapie des Magenkarzinoms und des Adenokarzinoms des gastroösophagealen Übergangs Frühkarzinome können unter klar definierten Voraussetzungen mittels endoskopischer Resektion behandelt werden. Lokal fortgeschrittene Magenkarzinome werden mit einer perioperativen Systemtherapie behandelt. Das FLOT-Regime, bestehend aus Folinsäure/5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin und Docetaxel, wurde kürzlich als neuer Standard etabliert. Patienten mit metastasierter Erkrankung profitieren von einer Systemtherapie. Diese führt sowohl zu einer Verlängerung des Überlebens als auch über die Kontrolle der Tumorerkrankung zu einer Verbesserung der Symptomkontrolle und Lebensqualität. Platin-Fluoropyrimidin-Doubletten sind in der ersten Behandlungslinie Standard, im Falle von HER2-Positivität in Kombination mit Trastuzumab. Aktuell wurde Pembrolizumab, ein gegen PD-1 gerichteter Antikörper in Kombination mit einer Platin- und Fluoropyrimidin-basierten Chemotherapie bei Her-2 negativen, metastasierten Adenokarzinomen des gastroösophagealen Übergangs mit einer PD-L1 Expression (Combined Positive Score, CPS ≥ 10) zugelassen. Paclitaxel und der antiangiogene Antikörper Ramucirumab sind zugelassen für die zweite Therapielinie. Die orale Wirkstoffkombination Trifluridin/Tipiracil (TAS-102) steht basierend auf einer Phase-III-Studie seit Kurzem für die Drittlinientherapie zur Verfügung. Epstein-Barr-Virus-positive und Mikrosatelliten-instabile Magenkarzinome sind in besonderem Maße immunogen. Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren sind hier hoch wirksam, aber in Europa nicht zugelassen.
Intrakoronare Bildgebung – wie die Plaque-Morphologie die Therapie personalisiert
Authors: Seppelt Claudio , Abdelwahed Youssef S. , Meteva Denitsa , Leistner David M.
Published: November 2021

Was ist neu?

Management akutes Koronarsyndrom Im Rahmen der akuten Versorgung eines akuten Koronarsyndroms (ACS) gewinnt die intrakoronare Bildgebung (IKB) immer mehr an Bedeutung, da sie das weitere Prozedere maßgeblich beeinflussen kann. Sie erlaubt nicht nur die genauere Abgrenzung zwischen einem Typ-I- und Typ-II-Myokardinfarkt, sondern auch die Determinierung der das ACS auslösenden Pathophysiologie und – darauf aufbauend – auch des therapeutischen Prozederes. So kann die zweithäufigste ACS-Ursache, die Plaque-Erosion, mittlerweile nur pharmakologisch, ohne Koronarintervention, behandelt werden.

Verbesserung des perkutanen koronaren Interventionsergebnisses Mit dem Ziel einer optimalen Stentexpansion und -apposition ist der durch die IKB gewonnene Einblick in die Plaque-Morphologie von besonderem Vorteil. Hierbei erlaubt die IKB eine genauere Darstellung von das PCI-Ergebnis beeinflussenden Plaquecharakteristika, speziell der koronaren Kalzifizierung. Mithilfe der IKB kann nicht nur die optimale Methode der Läsionspräparation gewählt werden, sondern auch die Stenttherapie optimiert werden, um so periprozedurale Risiken zu reduzieren.

Risikostratifizierung bei koronarer Herzkrankheit Durch genauere In-vivo-Darstellung von Koronarplaques ermöglicht die IKB, Plaques zu identifizieren, welche ein besonders hohes Risiko haben, ein akutes Koronarsyndrom auszulösen, und erlaubt somit eine optimierte Risikostratifizierung und darauf ausgerichtete Therapien mit der Zielsetzung, die koronare Plaquestabilität zu verbessern.
Post-COVID aus pneumologischer Sicht
Authors: Jarosch Inga , Leitl Daniela , Koczulla Andreas Rembert
Published: November 2021

Was ist neu?

Pulmonale Manifestation Eine Mehrheit der COVID-19-Erkrankten leidet 6 Monate nach akuter Erkrankung an Spätfolgen. Dyspnoe gehört zu den häufigsten Symptomen und geht oft mit pathologischen Veränderungen der Lunge einher. Husten und Schlafstörungen finden sich ebenfalls häufig in der postakuten Phase. Die Abnormalitäten der Lunge und die damit verbundenen Symptome zeigen mit der Zeit enorme Verbesserungen.

Schlaf bei Post-COVID Nach COVID-19-Erkrankung zeigt der Schlaf vieler Betroffener Auffälligkeiten. Insbesondere die REM-Schlafphase (REM = Rapid Eye Movement) zeigt Störungen, die zu häufigem Erwachen in der Nacht unqd zu Tagesmüdigkeit führen. Das chronische Fatigue-Syndrom (CFS), das als Folge einer viralen Infektion auftreten kann, kann sich durch die Therapie von Schlafstörungen verbessern.

Belastungsspezifische Besonderheiten In der postakuten Krankheitsphase haben viele Patienten eine eingeschränkte körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit. Ursachen für eine reduzierte körperliche Belastbarkeit können Anämie, eingeschränkte Sauerstoffextraktion und myopathische Veränderungen sein.

Pneumologische Rehabilitation In der Postakutphase einer COVID-19-Erkrankung ist eine pneumologische Rehabilitation machbar, sicher und effektiv und führt zu signifikanten Verbesserungen in der körperlichen Belastbarkeit und Lungenfunktion. Eine Rehabilitation kann die Langzeitfolgen einer COVID-19-Erkrankung positiv beeinflussen und scheint unabhängig vom Schweregrad wirksam zu sein.

Medikamentöse Therapie: Kortikosteroide COVID-19-Erkrankte mit neu erworbener und anhaltender interstitieller Lungenerkrankung sollten keine systemischen Kortikosteroide oder Antifibrotika erhalten, da die Datenlage bisher noch keine Evidenz dafür hergibt. In Einzelfällen können Patienten jedoch von der Einnahme von Kortikosteroiden profitieren.
Recrossektomie und Barrier-Implantation
Authors: Wolff Eike Marie , Mühlberger Dominic , Hummel Thomas , Mumme Achim
Published: November 2021

Ein häufiger Ausgangspunkt für die Rezidivvarikosis ist die Crossenregion. Ziele der Recrossektomie und Barrier-Implantation sind die Ausschaltung der Refluxquelle sowie die Rezidivprophylaxe. Der Eingriff ist technisch anspruchsvoll. Der laterale Zugangsweg unter Umgehung der narbigen Mündungsregion sowie des Lymphknotenpakets und die langstreckige Präparation des Stumpfes dienen der Komplikationsvorbeugung. Das Absetzen des Stumpfes auf Niveau der tiefen Vene, die Durchstechungsligatur mit nicht resorbierbarer Naht und die Invertierungsplastik des Stumpfendothels sind die entscheidenden OP-Schritte der Recrossektomie. Die Barrier-Implantation mittels PTFE-Patch fungiert als mechanisches Hindernis zwischen tiefem und oberflächlichem Kompartiment und trägt wesentlich zur Rezidivvermeidung bei.
Vaterschaft und Depression: familiärer Umgang mit einer depressiven Erkrankung aus Sicht von Vätern – eine qualitative Untersuchung
Authors: Götzl Christian , Staiger Tobias , Stiawa Maja , Beschoner Petra , Gündel Harald , Becker Thomas , Kilian Reinhold , Krumm Silvia
Published: November 2021

Ziel der Studie Untersuchung von Erfahrungen depressiv erkrankter Väter zum Umgang mit der Erkrankung in der Familie.

Methoden 17 teilstrukturierte Interviews wurden entlang der Grounded Theory Methodology durchgeführt und analysiert.

Ergebnisse Väter beschreiben überwiegend Strategien im Umgang mit ihrer depressiven Erkrankung, die eine Bewältigung unabhängig von der Familie vorsehen (Selbstmanagement, [Nicht-]Sprechen über die Erkrankung).

Schlussfolgerung Väter brauchen Unterstützung in der (Entscheidung zur) Offenlegung ihrer Erkrankung gegenüber der Familie sowie für die Entwicklung von Bewältigungsstrategien, die Bedarfe der Familie stärker berücksichtigen.
Coagulation Factor V (F5) is an Estrogen-Responsive Gene in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Andresen Marianne S. , Sletten Marit , Sandset Per Morten , Iversen Nina , Stavik Benedicte , Tinholt Mari
Published: November 2021

Most breast cancers express estrogen receptor (ER) where estrogen signaling plays an important role. Cancer contributes to activation of the coagulation system leading to an imbalance in the hemostatic system, and coagulation factor (F) V, which is a key regulator of blood coagulation, has been shown to be increased in breast tumors. Thus, the molecular association between estrogens and FV was explored. Stimulation with 17-β-estradiol (E2) or 17-β-ethinylestradiol (EE2) resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in F5 messenger RNA and FV protein in ERα-positive MCF-7 cells. Pretreatment with the ER antagonist fulvestrant or knockdown of ERα prior to stimulation with E2 counteracted this effect. Three ERα-binding half-sites were identified in the promoter region of the F5 gene in silico. Reporter gene analysis showed that all three half-sites were involved in the estrogen-induced gene regulation in vitro, as the effect was abolished only when all half-sites were mutated. High F5 levels in ER-positive breast tumors were associated with increased relapse-free survival of breast cancer patients.
Primary Renal Neuroblastoma Mimicking Wilms Tumor
Authors: Kaur Kanwaljeet , Meena Jagdish Prasad , Sri Prasanth , Gupta Aditya Kumar , Jana Manisha , Iyer Venkateswaran K. , Kumar Rakesh , Seth Rachna
Published: November 2021

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children younger than 5 years of age. It is an aggressive malignancy with evidence of secondary metastasis at the time of the initial presentation. NB is rightly known as a great masquerader. Herein, we describe three children who presented with renal masses mimicked as Wilms tumor initially and later diagnosed as NB on biopsy. The response to therapy was not satisfactory in all three children. A higher level of awareness and early recognition is important for diagnosing and managing NB. We should rule out NB when there is a diagnostic dilemma before nephrectomy in these patients. Intrarenal NB should be considered with the combination of renal mass and hypertension with elevated catecholamines. The distinction between these two tumors is important since both malignancies have different therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Cancer Vaccine in Solid Tumors: Where We Stand
Authors: Roy Somnath , Ghosh Joydeep , Ghosh Ranti
Published: November 2021

Cancer immunotherapy has achieved landmark progress in the field of medical oncology in the era of personalized medicine. In the recent past, our knowledge has expanded regarding how tumor cells escape from the immune system, introducing immunosuppressive microenvironments, and developing tolerance. Therapeutic cancer vaccine leads to activation of immune memory that is long-lasting, safe, and effective; hence, it is becoming an attractive method of immunotherapy. Various cancer vaccine trials in the past have taught us the types of target selection, magnitude of immune response, and implementation of appropriate technologies for the development of new successful cancer vaccines. Tumor-associated antigens, cancer germline antigens, oncogenic viral antigens, and tumor-specific antigens, also known as neoantigens, are potential targets for designing therapeutic cancer vaccines. Cancer vaccine could be cell based, viral vector based, peptide based, and nucleic acid based (DNA/RNA). Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the mechanism of action, safety, efficacy, and toxicities of various types of cancer vaccines. In this article, we review the types of various tumor antigens and types of cancer vaccines tested in clinical trials and discuss the application and importance of this approach toward precision medicine in the field of immuno-oncology.
Candida Tropicalis Spondylodiscits in an Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lopes Arthur , Andrade Rafael Albanez , Andrade Rebeca Gonelli , Zirpoli Bianca Berardo Pessoa , Maior Arthur Burgos Souto , Silva Gabrielly Aguiar de Lima , Andrade Marcelo
Published: November 2021

Background Fungal spondylodiscitis is not common but should be suspected in some cases. Candida tropicalis infections are being more frequently diagnosed due to some factors related to the microorganism.

Case Description A C. tropicalis spondylodiscitis is described in a 72-year-old man who was treated with a combination of echinocandin (micafungin) and surgery.

Conclusion The presence of some risk factors should promptly raise the suspicion of fungal spondylodiscitis. Treatment should be instituted as early as possible for the best outcome for the patient.
Heparin-Induced Fever in Neurointensive Care Unit: A Rarity Yet a Possibility
Authors: Krishnakumar Mathangi , Naik Shweta S. , Ramesh Venkatapura J. , Mouleeswaran S
Published: November 2021

Fever is considered a protective response having multitude of benefits in terms of enhancing resistance to infection, recruiting cytokines to the injured tissue, and promoting healing. In terms of an injured brain, this becomes a double-edged sword triggering an inflammatory cascade resulting in secondary brain injury. It is important to identify the etiology so that corrective measures can be taken. Here we report a case of persistent fever in a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome, which was probably due to heparin. This is the first report of heparin-induced fever in a neurocritical care setting and third report overall.
Modeling of biomolecular machines in non-equilibrium steady states
Authors: Speck Thomas
Published: November 2021

Numerical computations have become a pillar of all modern quantitative sciences. Any computation involves modeling—even if often this step is not made explicit—and any model has to neglect details while still being physically accurate. Equilibrium statistical mechanics guides both the development of models and numerical methods for dynamics obeying detailed balance. For systems driven away from thermal equilibrium, such a universal theoretical framework is missing. For a restricted class of driven systems governed by Markov dynamics and local detailed balance, stochastic thermodynamics has evolved to fill this gap and to provide fundamental constraints and guiding principles. The next step is to advance stochastic thermodynamics from simple model systems to complex systems with tens of thousands or even millions of degrees of freedom. Biomolecules operating in the presence of chemical gradients and mechanical forces are a prime example for this challenge. In this Perspective, we give an introduction to isothermal stochastic thermodynamics geared toward the systematic multiscale modeling of the conformational dynamics of biomolecular and synthetic machines, and we outline some of the open challenges.
Structural, mechanical, and vibrational properties of particulate physical gels
Authors: Mizuno Hideyuki , Hachiya Makoto , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: November 2021

Our lives are surrounded by a rich assortment of disordered materials. In particular, glasses are well known as dense, amorphous materials, whereas gels exist in low-density, disordered states. Recent progress has provided a significant step forward in understanding the material properties of glasses, such as mechanical, vibrational, and transport properties. In contrast, our understanding of particulate physical gels is still highly limited. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we study a simple model of particulate physical gels, the Lennard-Jones (LJ) gels, and provide a comprehensive understanding of their structural, mechanical, and vibrational properties, all of which are markedly different from those of LJ glasses. First, the LJ gels show sparse, heterogeneous structures, and the length scale ξs of the structures grows as the density is lowered. Second, the LJ gels are extremely soft, with both shear G and bulk K moduli being orders of magnitude smaller than those of LJ glasses. Third, many low-frequency vibrational modes are excited, which form a characteristic plateau with the onset frequency ω* in the vibrational density of states. Structural, mechanical, and vibrational properties, characterized by ξs, G, K, and ω*, respectively, show power-law scaling behaviors with the density, which establishes a close relationship between them. Throughout this work, we also reveal that LJ gels are multiscale, solid-state materials: (i) homogeneous elastic bodies at long lengths, (ii) heterogeneous elastic bodies with fractal structures at intermediate lengths, and (iii) amorphous structural bodies at short lengths.
Inter-anion chalcogen bonds: Are they anti-electrostatic in nature?
Authors: Fan Dan , Chen Li , Wang Changwei , Yin Shiwei , Mo Yirong
Published: November 2021

Inter-anion hydrogen and halogen bonds have emerged as counterintuitive linkers and inspired us to expand the range of this unconventional bonding pattern. Here, the inter-anion chalcogen bond (IAChB) was proposed and theoretically analyzed in a series of complexes formed by negatively charged bidentate chalcogen bond donors with chloride anions. The kinetic stability of IAChB was evidenced by the minima on binding energy profiles and further supported by ab initio molecular dynamic simulations. The block-localized wave function (BLW) method and its subsequent energy decomposition (BLW-ED) approach were employed to elucidate the physical origin of IAChB. While all other energy components vary monotonically as anions get together, the electrostatic interaction behaves exceptionally as it experiences a Coulombic repulsion barrier. Before reaching the barrier, the electrostatic repulsion increases with the shortening Ch⋯Cl− distance as expected from classical electrostatics. However, after passing the barrier, the electrostatic repulsion decreases with the Ch⋯Cl− distance shortening and subsequently turns into the most favorable trend among all energy terms at short ranges, representing a dominating force for the kinetic stability of inter-anions. For comparison, all energy components exhibit the same trends and vary monotonically in the conventional counterparts where donors are neutral. By comparing inter-anions and their conventional counterparts, we found that only the electrostatic energy term is affected by the extra negative charge. Remarkably, the distinctive (nonmonotonic) electrostatic energy profiles were reproduced using quantum mechanical-based atomic multipoles, suggesting that the crucial electrostatic interaction in IAChB can be rationalized within the classical electrostatic theory just like conventional non-covalent interactions.
Mixed halide bulk perovskite triplet sensitizers: Interplay between band alignment, mid-gap traps, and phonons
Authors: Bieber Alexander S. , VanOrman Zachary A. , Drozdick Hayley K. , Weiss Rachel , Wieghold Sarah , Nienhaus Lea
Published: November 2021

Photon upconversion, particularly via triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA), could prove beneficial in expanding the efficiencies and overall impacts of optoelectronic devices across a multitude of technologies. The recent development of bulk metal halide perovskites as triplet sensitizers is one potential step toward the industrialization of upconversion-enabled devices. Here, we investigate the impact of varying additions of bromide into a lead iodide perovskite thin film on the TTA upconversion process in the annihilator molecule rubrene. We find an interplay between the bromide content and the overall device efficiency. In particular, a higher bromide content results in higher internal upconversion efficiencies enabled by more efficient charge extraction at the interface likely due to a more favorable band alignment. However, the external upconversion efficiency decreases as the absorption cross section in the near infrared is reduced. The highest upconversion performance is found in our study for a bromide content of 5%. This result can be traced back to a high absorption cross section in the near infrared and higher photoluminescence quantum yield in comparison to the iodide-only perovskite and an increased driving force for charge transfer.
Responses of soil nutrients and microbial activity to the mill-mud application in a compaction-affected sugarcane field
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Milla Rob , Granshaw Terry , Van Zwieten Lukas , Rezaei Rashti Mehran , Esfandbod Maryam , Chen Chengrong
Published: November 2021

Context Compaction removal and organic amendment application are commonly used to mitigate the compaction-induced declines in crop yield, soil carbon (C) and soil health. However, the response of microbial activities and nutrient pools to the combination of mill-mud amendments and decompaction in the soil profile are not fully understood. Aims A field trial was conducted at Burdekin, Australia, to investigate the effects of different decompaction managements on soil nutrient cycling, associated biological activities and sugarcane yield. Methods This experiment included four treatments: control (CK, without mill-mud), mill-mud shallow furrow (MS), deep trenching without mill-mud (DT) and deep trenching mill-mud application (MD). Key results The MD treatment increased concentrations of hot water extractable organic C by 30–70% and hot water extractable total nitrogen (N) by 30–90% at the application depth. Soil microbial biomass C and N were also higher in mill-mud applied layers. Mill-mud applied treatments increased plant cane yield by 7% (MS treatment) and 14% (MD treatment) compared to CK. The DT treatment also increased plant cane yield by 11% compared to CK. Conclusion The MD treatment increased the supply of organic C and nutrients to the microbial community within the entire soil profile, enhanced nutrient cycling processes, improved soil environmental conditions and soil health for sugarcane growth and thus increased sugarcane productivity. Implications Further research should focus on microbial community composition shifts to further explore the mechanisms responsible for soil microorganism regulation of nutrient cycling in sugarcane farming systems.
Voltage-gating and cytosolic Ca
2+
activation mechanisms of
Arabidopsis
two-pore channel AtTPC1
Authors: Ye Fan , Xu Lingyi , Li Xiaoxiao , Zeng Weizhong , Gan Ninghai , Zhao Cheng , Yang Wei , Jiang Youxing , Guo Jiangtao
Published: November 2021

Significance

How membrane potential drives conformational change at the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) and regulates channel gating is a central theme for voltage-gated ion channels. To elucidate voltage-gating mechanisms, one needs to capture VSD structures in both the activated state and resting state, the latter of which is difficult to obtain because VSDs tend to adopt an activated state in the absence of membrane potential in most in vitro experiments. Here, we determined AtTPC1 structures in a closed conformation with a resting VSDII and an unbound EF-hand domain and in a partially open conformation with an activated VSDII and a Ca
2+
-activated EF-hand domain, elucidating the structural mechanisms of voltage gating, cytosolic Ca
2+
activation, and their coupling in AtTPC1.
Physiology of milk production and modelling of the lactation curve
Authors: Angeles-Hernandez Juan Carlos , Aranda-Aguirre Edgar , Muñoz-Benítez Alfonso Longinos , Chay-Canul Alfonso J. , Albarran-Portillo Benito , Pollott Geoffrey Ernest , Gonzalez-Ronquillo Manuel
Published: November 2021

Lactation is defined as the combined processes of synthesis, secretion, and excretion of milk, starting at calving and continuing until natural or induced drying off in the lactating female. Milk production follows a common pattern in several mammalian species known as a lactation curve. A typical lactation curve starts at day four after calving, reaching peak yield in early lactation, followed by a daily decrease in milk yield (persistency) until the lactating female is artificially dried off, or the lactation comes to a natural end. Mathematical models have been applied to lactation curves to provide information in relation to lactation curve parameters, providing valuable information for herd management and breeding decisions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the most used mathematical models for the prediction of dairy production curves. The importance of modelling lactation curves is to predict the yield for each day with the minimum possible error, to be able to elucidate the underlying pattern of milk production in the presence of local variation associated with the effect of the environment. The usefulness of any model of adjustment to the lactation curve depends on its capacity to mimic the biological process of developing milk production and to adjust the factors that affect it. Furthermore, these models can only be used to adjust productive records adequately, or to provide a biological understanding of the lactation process.
Final report, on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with ISCIII, February 2021
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Nunez-Corcuera Beatriz , Miguel Jose Miguel de , Gómez Pilar Morillo
Published: November 2021

Main text

As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range of 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Accurate prediction of the Drell-Yan

ϕη*

distribution in wide dilepton mass and rapidity ranges in pp collisions through NNLO+N3LL
Authors: Ocalan Kadir
Published: November 2021

This paper presents high-accuracy predictions for the differential cross ss as a function of the key observable

ϕ

η

*

of the neutral-current Drell-Yan (DY) dilepton production in proton-proton (pp) collisions. The differential distributions for the

ϕ

η

*

are presented by using the state-of-the-art predictions from the combined calculations of fixed-order perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) corrections at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy and resummation of large logarithmic terms at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) and next-to-NNLL (N3LL) accuracies, i.e., NNLO+NNLL and NNLO+N3LL, respectively. The predicted distributions are reported for a thorough set of the DY dilepton invariant mass m

ll
ranges, spanning a wide kinematic region of 50 < m

ll
< 1000 GeV both near and away from the Z-boson mass peak, and rapidity y

ll
ranges in the central detector acceptance region of ∣y

ll
∣ < 2.4. The differential

ϕ

η

*

distributions in the wide m

ll
and y

ll
ranges offer stringent tests to assess the reliability of the predictions, where the m

ll
and y

ll
are closely correlated with the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the incoming partons. The matched predictions through NNLO+N3LL are observed to provide good description of the 13 TeV pp collision data for the

ϕ

η

*

(including the dilepton transverse momentum

p

T

ll

as well) distributions in almost the entire m

ll
and y

ll
ranges, apart from the intermediate- to high-

ϕ

η

*

region in the lowest mass range 50–76 GeV which is assessed to constitute a challenge for the presented predictions. The predictions at NNLO+N3LL are also reported at 14 TeV for the upcoming high-luminosity running era of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), in which increasing amount of data is expected to require more accurate and precise theoretical description. The most recent PDF models MSHT20 and CT18, in addition to the NNPDF3.1, are tested for the first time for the matched predictions of the

ϕ

η

*

distribution. The differential distributions by the combined predictions through NNLO QCD+NLO EW are finally provided to enable assessment of the impact of the EW corrections for the

ϕ

η

*

.
Updated detection prospects for relic neutrinos using coherent scattering
Authors: Shergold Jack D.
Published: November 2021

We review the existing proposals to detect relic neutrinos using the coherent scattering of a neutrino wind on a test mass. By considering the transformation of the neutrino momentum between reference frames, we demonstrate that the induced acceleration scales with the square of the neutrino mass for unclustered neutrinos, contrary to the existing literature. In addition, we show that there is a large contribution to this effect from coherent neutrino-electron scattering, which can exceed the neutrino-nucleus component by nearly an order of magnitude. Unfortunately, we find that even with this enhancement there are no existing experiments or proposals capable of detecting relic neutrinos using this method.
Exact solutions in higher-dimensional Lovelock and AdS
5 Chern-Simons gravity
Authors: Bajardi Francesco , Vernieri Daniele , Capozziello Salvatore
Published: November 2021

Lovelock gravity in D-dimensional space-times is considered adopting Cartan's structure equations. In this context, we find out exact solutions in cosmological and spherically symmetric backgrounds. In the latter case, we also derive horizons and the corresponding Bekenstein-Hawking entropies. Moreover, we focus on the topological Chern-Simons theory, providing exact solutions in 5 dimensions. Specifically, it is possible to show that Anti-de Sitter invariant Chern-Simons gravity can be framed within Lovelock-Zumino gravity in 5 dimensions, for particular choices of Lovelock parameters.