bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sorption characteristic of organic liquid and its effect on the mechanical performance of a PLA‐based plastic
Authors: Widiastuti Indah , Sbarski Igor , Masood SH
Published: February 2016

The objective of this article is to assess the mechanical performance of PLA‐based materials under exposure of an organic liquid. In evaluating new opportunities of PLA‐based material, it is important to understand not only the chemical resistance of the material but also the potential route for degradation, which affect the mechanical behavior of the product during its service time. Degradation of PLA material with amount of sorption should be carefully controlled in order to maintain its mechanical performance in response to various loading condition. Distribution of the absorbed liquid within the package is firstly evaluated by identifying the characteristics of the mass transport. Gravimetric analysis is employed to investigate the liquid sorption mechanism and the induced expansion over a particular period. The profile of absorbed liquid content is numerically obtained and verified with the analytic solution. The changes in mechanical performances were investigated by measuring the properties of specimens containing saturated liquid content. It is found that at low temperature, the kinetics of liquid sorption follows the Fick's law but at higher temperature, it showed a deviation from the Fickian curve. The experiment results also confirm progressive decrease of the modulus and strength by increasing of fluid content inside the material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43250.
Polysaccharide‐based membranes loaded with erythromycin for application as wound dressings
Authors: de Souza Renata Francielle Bombaldi , de Souza Fernanda Carla Bombaldi , Moraes Ângela Maria
Published: February 2016

In this study, the antibiotic erythromycin (Ery) was incorporated into chitosan (Ch)–alginate (A) and Ch–xanthan (X) membranes with the aim of using them as bioactive wound dressings. Drug incorporation was performed by direct addition (DA) to the polysaccharide mixture and by membrane impregnation in solution (IS). A higher incorporation efficiency was obtained for DA, but higher amounts of drug were loaded into membranes by the IS method (maxima ≈ 2.1 and 0.7 g/g for Ch–X and Ch–A, respectively) because the initial concentration of drug could be higher than that in the DA method. Ery release in phosphate‐buffered saline was slow, reaching about 12 and 32 mg of drug/g of membrane in 60 h for Ch–X and 4 and 16 mg/g for Ch–A by the DA and IS methods, respectively. With formulations prepared with IS, the required therapeutic dosage was reached within 60 h, whereas for those incorporating the drug by DA, prolonged use would be required. Both membrane types behaved as drug reservoirs, providing continuous antibiotic release to the wound site. Formulations with higher drug contents showed effective antibacterial activity against two species of bacteria commonly found in skin lesions, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and were thus potentially capable of protecting the wound site from bacterial attack. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43428.
Preparation and property investigation of crosslinked alginate/silicon dioxide nanocomposite films
Authors: Yang Manli , Xia Yanzhi , Wang Yingxia , Zhao Xihui , Xue Zhixin , Quan Fengyu , Geng Cunzhen , Zhao Zhihui
Published: February 2016

Crosslinked nanocomposite films of sodium alginate (SA) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) with different SiO2 loading values were prepared by in situ synthesis. Biocomposite films were produced by solution casting and solvent evaporation with glycerol as the plasticizer and calcium chloride as the crosslinking agent. The effects of the addition of nano silicon dioxide (nano‐SiO2) in SA on the microstructural, physical, mechanical, and optical properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized. The results show that nano‐SiO2 was dispersed homogeneously in the SA matrix; it thereby formed a strong interfacial interaction between the nano‐SiO2 particles and the matrix. The transparency of the bionanocomposite films was enhanced. Thermogravimetric analysis also revealed that nano‐SiO2 improved the thermal stability of the SA films. The incorporation of SiO2 further reduced the water vapor permeability and swelling degree and significantly increased the tensile strength and elongation, which are parameters important for packaging industries. Finally, the lower light transmission of UV light from 200 to 250 nm indicated that SA/SiO2 nanocomposite films could potentially be used to prevent lipid damage by UV light in food conservation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43489.
Changes in White Matter Microstructure Suggest an Inflammatory Origin of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Magro‐Checa César , Ercan Ece , Wolterbeek Ron , Emmer Bart , van der Wee Nic J. , Middelkoop Huub A. , Kruyt Nyika D. , Ronen Itamar , van Buchem Mark A. , Huizinga Tom W. , Steup‐Beekman Gerda M.
Published: February 2016

Objective

To assess white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) magnetization transfer ratio histogram peak heights (MTR‐HPHs) in different subsets of patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) who have unremarkable findings on 3T magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and to evaluate whether these values could be used to highlight different clinically suspected underlying pathogenic processes or identify the clinical NPSLE status or whether they could be associated with a specific NPSLE syndrome.

Methods

Sixty‐four SLE patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms were included. The initial NPSLE diagnosis and suspected underlying pathogenic process were established by multidisciplinary evaluation. The final diagnosis was made after also considering the disease course 6–18 months later. Thirty‐three patients with central nervous system (CNS) NPSLE and 31 SLE patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms unrelated to SLE (non–SLE‐related NP) were included. Twenty SLE patients without neuropsychiatric symptoms and 36 healthy control subjects were included for comparison. Differences in the WM and GM mean MTR‐HPHs and between the different NPSLE subgroups (CNS NPSLE diagnosis, NPSLE phenotype [inflammatory or ischemic], and clinical changes after treatment) and the relationship to NPSLE syndromes were evaluated.

Results

Patients with inflammatory NPSLE had significantly lower WM MTR‐HPHs than did the healthy controls, the SLE patients, and the non–SLE‐related NP patients. Cognitive disorder, mood disorder, and psychosis were related to lower WM MTR‐HPH values and cerebrovascular symptoms to higher values. Furthermore, the mean MTR‐HPHs in the WM increased when the clinical status of the NPSLE patients improved.

Conclusion

Measurement of MTR‐HPH of the WM has the potential to identify inflammatory NPSLE with CNS involvement. This finding underscores the usefulness of this technique for the detection of cerebral changes in NPSLE patients and for the assessment of clinical changes after treatment.
Impact of Febuxostat on Renal Function in Gout Patients With Moderate‐to‐Severe Renal Impairment
Authors: Saag Kenneth G. , Whelton Andrew , Becker Michael A. , MacDonald Patricia , Hunt Barbara , Gunawardhana Lhanoo
Published: February 2016

Objective

Renal impairment is a risk factor for gout and a barrier to optimal gout management. We undertook this exploratory study to obtain data that have been heretofore limited regarding the safety and efficacy of febuxostat in patients with moderate‐to‐severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR] 15–50 ml/minute/1.73 m2).

Methods

Ninety‐six gout patients with moderate‐to‐severe renal impairment were enrolled in a 12‐month multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Patients were randomly assigned at a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 30 mg febuxostat twice daily, 40/80 mg febuxostat once daily, or placebo. The primary efficacy end point was the change in serum creatinine (Cr) level from baseline to month 12. Secondary end points included the change in estimated GFR from baseline to month 12 and the proportion of patients with a serum uric acid (UA) level of <6.0 mg/dl at month 12.

Results

At month 12, there were no significant differences in the change in serum Cr level from baseline, or in the change in estimated GFR from baseline, in either febuxostat group compared to the placebo group. The proportion of patients with a serum UA level of <6.0 mg/dl at month 12 was significantly greater in both febuxostat groups compared to the placebo group (both P < 0.001). At least 1 treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) occurred in 78.1% of patients receiving 30 mg febuxostat twice daily, 87.5% of patients receiving 40/80 mg febuxostat once daily, and 78.1% of patients receiving placebo. TEAEs most frequently involved the categories of renal failure and impairment and renal function analyses.

Conclusion

Febuxostat proved to be efficacious in serum UA reduction and was well tolerated in gout patients with moderate‐to‐severe renal impairment. Patients randomly assigned to receive febuxostat demonstrated significantly lower serum UA levels and no significant deterioration in renal function.
Figure analysis: An implementation dialogue
Authors: Wiles Amy M.
Published: February 2016

Figure analysis is a novel active learning teaching technique that reinforces visual literacy. Small groups of students discuss diagrams in class in order to learn content. The instructor then gives a brief introduction and later summarizes the content of the figure. This teaching technique can be used in place of lecture as a mechanism to deliver information to students. Here, a “how to” guide is presented in the form of an in‐class dialogue, displaying the difficulties in visual interpretation that some students may experience while figure analysis is being implemented in an upper‐level, cell biology course. Additionally, the dialogue serves as a guide for instructors who may implement the active learning technique as they consider how to respond to students' concerns in class. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(4):345–348, 2016.
Helping children cope with cancer‐related PTSD
Authors: Lichtor Stephanie
Published: February 2016

A variety of events have been linked to the development of post‐traumatic stress in children. These events include motor vehicle collisions, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and childhood abuse. The diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancer is also a traumatic experience for a child. While clinicians appropriately focus on the child's medical treatment including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, the potential psychological trauma a child experiences during and after such treatment must also be recognized and addressed.
Cost for early intervention of FEB justified by improved outcomes
Authors: Canady Valerie
Published: February 2016

Are increased costs of comprehensive first‐episode psychosis (FEP) programs offset by reduced inpatient costs? Does the value of health benefits justify the additional costs? These are the questions Yale researchers set out to address in new research that evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of a team‐based treatment approach for FEP versus community care (CC).
Youth trained in primary drug prevention on a peer level
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2016

The largest annual meeting devoted to primary substance abuse prevention is held every year by Community Anti‐Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA). One of the most notable aspects of this meeting, which features an impressive array of researchers and providers, is the cadre of youth leaders. These adolescents, ages from about 13 to 17, descend upon National Harbor, Maryland, every February for the CADCA National Leadership Forum. Melanee Piskai, a trainer for CADCA's National Youth Leadership Initiative, talked to CABL about her work.
Practical Application of CO2 as a Viscosity Index Improver for Lubricants
Authors: Pohrer Benjamin , Killmann Iris , Zuercher Manuel , Schlücker Eberhard
Published: February 2016

In terms of reducing power losses and ensuring optimal lubrication, a high viscosity index is crucial for lubricants exposed to changing load or temperature conditions. Several studies suggest that an enormous improvement of the viscosity‐temperature characteristics could be achieved by the application of dissolved CO2 on various base oils. The direct link between the applied pressure and the lubricant viscosity offers the possibility of adjustable and thus tunable lubricants. The practical implementation of dissolved CO2 as a viscosity index improver is investigated on a roller bearing test rig. The results indicate a significant reduction of power losses and show that it is possible to influence the friction condition in the rolling contact through viscosity adaptation.
Precise Urea/Water Eutectic Composition by Temperature‐Resolved Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Yuan Lina , Clevers Simon , Couvrat Nicolas , Cartigny Yohann , Dupray Valérie , Coquerel Gérard
Published: February 2016

The use of temperature‐resolved second harmonic generation (TR‐SHG) to determine the accurate eutectic composition between urea and water is illustrated. The TR‐SHG results were confirmed with differential scanning calorimetry and thermal stage microscopy observations. Due to the sensitivity of this technique, by precisely differentiating the liquidus temperature and the eutectic temperature, the eutectic composition was determined to be between 32.8 and 32.9 wt %, compared to 32.5 wt % for the commercial aqueous urea solution marketed for NOx concentration reduction. This study demonstrates that TR‐SHG is a promising tool for precisely determining the eutectic compositions of binary systems involving at least one non‐centrosymmetric phase.
Survival of the Fittest Nanojar: Stepwise Breakdown of Polydisperse Cu27−Cu31 Nanojar Mixtures into Monodisperse Cu27(CO3) and Cu31(SO4) Nanojars
Authors: Ahmed Basil M. , Szymczyna Blair R. , Jianrattanasawat Sarut , Surmann Stuart A. , Mezei Gellert
Published: February 2016

Nanojars are emerging as a class of anion sequestration agents of unparalleled efficiency. Dinegative oxoanions (e.g., carbonate, sulfate) template the formation of a series of homologous nanojars [Cu(OH)(pyrazolato)]n (n=27–31). Pyridine selectively transforms less stable, larger CO32− nanojars (n=30, 31) into more stable, smaller ones (n=27, 29), but leaves all SO42− nanojars (n=27–29, 31) intact. Ammonia, in turn, transforms all less stable nanojars into the most stable one and allows the isolation of pure [CO32−⊂{Cu(OH)(pz)}27] and [SO42−⊂{Cu(OH)(pz)}31]. A comprehensive picture of the solution and solid‐state intricacies of nanojars was revealed by a combination of variable temperature NMR spectroscopy, tandem mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Theoretical Analysis of the Non‐Centrosymmetric Bismuth Oxyfluoride, Bi7F11O5.
Authors: Hu Wei , Shan Pai , Sun Tongqing , Liu Hongde , Zhang Jianming , Liu Xuanwen , Kong Yongfa , Xu Jingjun
Published: February 2016

The title compound is hydrothermally prepared from an aqueous mixture of Bi(NO3)3 and ZnF2 (autoclave, 200 °C, 72 h, 90% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Multiferroic Properties of Hexagonal Ba3Ti2MnO9.
Authors: Wang X. X. , Cheng X. Y. , Lin Y. , Ma C. , Ruan K. Q. , Li X. G.
Published: February 2016

Polycrystalline hexagonal Ba3Ti2MnO9 is prepared by calcination of BaCO3, TiO2, and MnO2 in air (alumina crucible, 1673 K, 12 h) followed by 6 h sintering at the same temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rhodium‐Doped Barium Titanate Nanocrystals for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution under Visible Light.
Authors: Nishioka Shunta , Maeda Kazuhiko
Published: February 2016

BaTiO3:Rh nanocrystals are prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Ba(OH)2, TiO2, and Rh(NO3)3 (autoclave, 433 K, 42 h) followed by heat treatment (873—1423 K, 7 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the New Rare‐Earth Borosilicates Pr3BSi2O10 and Tb3BSi2O10.
Authors: Braeuchle Sebastian , Huppertz Hubert
Published: February 2016

Ln3BSi2O10 (Ln: Pr, Tb) are prepared by radio‐frequency heating of a 3:1:5:4:2 molar mixture of Pr6O11 (Tb4O7), B2O3, H3BO3, SiO2, and Si3N4 under N2 (BN crucible, 1600 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Solvothermal Synthetic Route Yields the New Thiostannate [La(dien)3]2 [Sn2S6]Cl2.
Authors: Pienack Nicole , Luehmann Henning , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: February 2016

[La(dien)3]2 [Sn2S6]Cl2 (dien: diethylenetriamine) is obtained under solvothermal conditions using cystamine dihydrochloride as the sulfur source together with SnCl2, La(OH)3, and dien (autoclave, 170 °C, 120 h; 50% yield based on La(OH)3).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structure, Electrochemistry and Luminescence Properties of Lanthano‐Germanotungstates.
Authors: Gupta Rakesh , Hussain Firasat , Behera J. N. , Bossoh Amoassi Martin , Mbomekalle Israel Martyr , de Oliveira Pedro
Published: February 2016

Na3K10 [La(α‐GeW11O39)2] ·27H2O(I), Na3K10 [Ce(α‐GeW11O39)2] ·28H2O (II) and the acetate‐bridged hybrid dimeric complexes Na6K6 [{Pr(μ‐OAc)GeW11O39(H2O)}2] ·25H2O (III), Na4K8 [{Nd(μ‐OAc)GeW11O39(H2O)}2] ·22H2O (IV), and Na3K9 [{Sm(μ‐OAc)GeW11O39(H2O)}2] ·19H2O (V) are prepared by reacting a trilacunary Na10[GeW9O34] precursor with Ln(NO3)3 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) in a KOAc buffer at pH 4.7 followed by slow solvent evaporation (60 °C, 1 h; yields of 53—59% after 4—5 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Iodocyclization of N‐Tosyl Alkenamides Using Aminoiminophenoxy Copper Carboxylate: A Concise Synthesis of Chiral 8‐Oxa‐6‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes.
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Watanabe Ohji , Yabe Shinnosuke , Yamanaka Masahiro
Published: February 2016

The novel iodocyclization of alkenamides affords O‐cyclized products with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Isocyanoacetate to 3‐Methyl‐4‐nitro‐5‐styrylisoxazoles under Phase Transfer Catalysis Conditions.
Authors: Disetti Paolo , Moccia Maria , Salazar Illera Diana , Suresh Surisetti , Adamo Mauro F. A.
Published: February 2016

The reaction of styrylisoxazoles (I) with ethyl isocyanoacetate (II) in the presence of N‐benzylcinchonidinium bromides TFCB or DTBC leads to diastereomeric mixtures of isocyanates (III), which are readily cyclized with N‐ethyldiisopropylamine to afford chiral 2,3‐dihydropyrroles as a single diastereomer with good to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile, Convenient, and Green Route to (E)‐Propenylbenzene Flavors and Fragrances by Alkene Isomerization.
Authors: Larsen Casey R. , Paulson Erik R. , Erdogan Gulin , Grotjahn Douglas B.
Published: February 2016

The very effective scalable isomerization reactions are performed in the presence of either a homogeneous Ru‐catalyst or polymer‐supported analogues thereof.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Mediated Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Alcohols to Alkyl Trifluoromethyl Ethers.
Authors: Liu Jian‐Bo , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: February 2016

The practical method is efficiently applied to primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols including natural products such as steroid, amino acid, and glucopyranose derivatives as well as complex pharmacologically relevant compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Synthesis of Specifically Fluorinated 4‐Aminopyridine Derivatives by Regioselective Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution and Catalytic Hydrodefluorination.
Authors: Podolan Gabriel , Jungk Phillip , Lentz Dieter , Zimmer Reinhold , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: February 2016

While pentafluoropyridine (Ib) gives always the 4‐aminated products, trifluoropyridine (Ia) gives regioisomeric mixtures favouring the 4‐aminated product in dependence of bulkiness of the secondary amine reactant.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI/Oxalic Diamide Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides and Amines
Authors: Zhou Wei , Fan Mengyang , Yin Junli , Jiang Yongwen , Ma Dawei
Published: February 2016

47 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Catellani ortho‐Acylation Reaction: An Efficient and Regiospecific Synthesis of Diaryl Ketones.
Authors: Huang Yunze , Zhu Rui , Zhao Kun , Gu Zhenhua
Published: February 2016

This norbornene‐mediated acylation reaction uses acyl chlorides as acylating reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Predictive Approach to Unsymmetrical Biphenols by Iron‐Catalyzed Chelated Radical—Anion Oxidative Coupling.
Authors: Libman Anna , Shalit Hadas , Vainer Yulia , Narute Sachin , Kozuch Sebastian , Pappo Doron
Published: February 2016

An interesting cross coupling of two different phenols is achieved in the presence of FeCl3 as catalyst in hexafluoroisopropanol as solvent to give the unsymmetrical biphenol coupling products.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Triflate Catalyzed C‐Benzylation: Chemo‐ and Regioselective Route to Amido Substituted Diaryl and Arylheteroarylmethanes.
Authors: Deshmukh Mahesh Subhashrao , Srivastava Ananya , Das Biswajit , Jain Nidhi
Published: February 2016

The para‐selective C‐benzylation of anilines with a range of electron‐rich benzyl chlorides using Zn(OTf)2 as catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Abnormal N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Based Palladium Dimer: Aqueous Oxidative Heck Coupling under Ambient Temperature.
Authors: Hota Pradip Kumar , Vijaykumar Gonela , Pariyar Anand , Sau Samaresh Chandra , Sen Tamal K. , Mandal Swadhin K.
Published: February 2016

A novel Pd catalyst IPA is examined in the title reaction giving exclusively the E‐isomers of the cinnamic acid derivatives (III) and (V) in a E/Z‐ and regioselective manner when electron‐deficient olefins (acrylates and acrylonitrile) are used.
ChemInform Abstract: Improvements and Applications of the Transition Metal‐Free Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Using Grignard Reagents and Magnesium Alanates.
Authors: Grassi David , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: February 2016

This method yields SN2′ products as main products, which are contaminated with small amounts of the SN2 product.
ChemInform Abstract: An Electrophilic Approach to the Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative C—H Functionalization of Heterocycles.
Authors: Tjutrins Jevgenijs , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: February 2016

The Pd‐catalyzed carbonylation of N‐methylpyrrole (I) with aryl iodides leads to 2‐aroylpyrroles (IV), whilst the analogous reaction with o‐bromoiodobenzene (V) followed by an intramolecular arylation in an one‐pot manner gives rise to the tricyclic ketone (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrodecarboxylation of Carboxylic and Malonic Acid Derivatives via Organic Photoredox Catalysis: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Insight.
Authors: Griffin Jeremy D. , Zeller Mary A. , Nicewicz David A.
Published: February 2016

The direct photolytic decarboxylation of a variety of carboxylic acids is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: KAl(SO4)2·12H2O(Alum): An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Novel Bis[spiro(quinazoline‐oxindole)] Derivatives via One‐Pot Pseudo Five‐Component Reactions.
Authors: Mohammadi Ali A. , Taheri Salman , Askari Saber , Ahdenov Reza
Published: February 2016

The applied catalyst can be reused at least for four times.
ChemInform Abstract: NaOH/Et3N‐Promoted Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Diazo Oxime Ethers via Diazo Transfer Reaction.
Authors: Kuruba Bharath Kumar , Shariff Nusrathulla , Vasanthkumar Samuel , Emmanuvel Lourdusamy
Published: February 2016

An unusual synergistic effect of two base pairs, Et3N/NaOH or Py/NaOH, in the title diazo transfer reaction is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkynyl‐Glycinols by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution of Bis‐Imidates.
Authors: Sirotkina Jekaterina , Grigorjeva Liene , Jirgensons Aigars
Published: February 2016

A broad spectrum of bis‐imidates is prepared starting from alkynyl‐glycols.
ChemInform Abstract: Allenic Esters from Cyclopropenones by Lewis Base Catalysis: Substrate Scope, the Asymmetric Variant from the Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation, and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Wei Yin , Zhao Wen‐Tao , Yang Yuan‐Liang , Zhang Zhen , Shi Min
Published: February 2016

The reaction of cyclopropenones (I) and (IV) with alcohols and phenols (II) is used to synthesize allenic esters (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ketones Through Microwave Irradiation Promoted Metal‐Free Alkylation of Aldehydes by Activation of C(sp3)—H Bond.
Authors: Zhang Xinying , Wang Zhangxin , Fan Xuesen , Wang Jianji
Published: February 2016

This method for the preparation of ketones utilizes microwave irradiation promoted direct alkylation of aldehydes by activation of the inert C(sp3)‐H bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes Using an O‐Benzoyl Hydroxylamine (BHA) as the Nitrogen Source.
Authors: An Xiao‐De , Yu Shouyun
Published: February 2016

A scalable and efficient protocol for the oxidation of multiple functionalized aldehydes to the corresponding nitriles is described, including the successful transformation of chiral and non‐chiral primary and secondary aliphatic aldehydes, dialdehydes, aromatic and hetaromatic aldehydes, 2‐substituted as well as 1,2‐and 2,2‐disubstituted alkenyl aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Alkylcarboxylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Acids Enabled by Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling.
Authors: Gao Bao , Xie Yinjun , Shen Zhiqiang , Yang Lei , Huang Hanmin
Published: February 2016

The (E)‐selective title reaction of cinnamic acid derivatives or unsaturated ketoacids with dimethyl 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionate) is described, and depending on the electronic properties of the substituents β,γ‐unsaturated carboxylic esters are formed in low to often high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Superoxide — A Stable Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes with Alkylarenes or Alcohols Using TBHP as an Oxidant.
Authors: Dey Soumen , Gadakh Sunita K. , Sudalai A.
Published: February 2016

An efficient procedure is elaborated for the direct esterification of aldehydes with alcohols using titanium superoxide as heterogeneous catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Radical Amination of Allenes: Direct Synthesis of Allenamides and Tetrasubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: Zhang Ge , Xiong Tao , Wang Zining , Xu Guoxing , Wang Xuedan , Zhang Qian
Published: February 2016

A wide range of terminal and internal allenes are selectively converted into allenamides or fluorinated tetrasubstituted alkenes upon reaction with N‐fluoroarylsulfonamides under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Promoted Coupling of Carbon Dioxide, Amines, and Diaryliodonium Salts: A Phosgene‐ and Metal‐Free Route to O‐Aryl Carbamates.
Authors: Xiong Wenfang , Qi Chaorong , Peng Youbin , Guo Tianzuo , Zhang Min , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: February 2016

The title reaction with symmetric bismesityliodonium triflate gives O‐mesityl carbamates (IV) in generally good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Benzoates Without Activating ortho Substituents.
Authors: Tang Jie , Biafora Agostino , Goossen Lukas J.
Published: February 2016

A bimetallic Pd(II)/Cu(I) catalytic system is included in the reaction conditions A) and found to be more active in a dilute solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Chloride Catalyzed Stereoselective Construction of Spiropyrazolone Tetrahydroquinolines via Tandem [1,5]‐Hydride Shift/Cyclization Sequence.
Authors: Zhao Tuan , Zhang Huanrui , Cui Longchen , Qu Jingping , Wang Baomin
Published: February 2016

Spiropyrazolone tetrahydroquinoline derivatives are directly synthesized through the title reaction in good to high yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Squaramide‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Enantioenriched Spirocyclic Oxindoles via Ketimine Intermediates with Multiple Active Sites.
Authors: Sun Qiang‐Sheng , Zhu Hua , Chen Yong‐Jian , Yang Xiao‐Di , Sun Xing‐Wen , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: February 2016

This method for the construction of five‐membered spirocyclic oxindoles is based on a Michael—Mannich cascade reaction of a ketimine intermediated catalyzed by a bifunctional quinine‐derived squaramide.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Tetrahydronaphthalene‐ or Isochroman‐Fused Spirooxindoles Using Tandem Reactions.
Authors: Wang Biao , Leng Hai‐Jun , Yang Xue‐Yuan , Han Bo , Rao Chao‐Long , Liu Li , Peng Cheng , Huang Wei
Published: February 2016

A flexible and simple cascade reaction involving a Michael‐aldol or a vinylogous Henry‐acetalization relay is reported to assemble functionalized tetrahydronaphthalene (IV) and isochroman‐fused drug‐like spirocyclic scaffolds (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium‐Catalyzed Dynamic Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Gao Shuang , Stopka Tobias , Niggemann Meike
Published: February 2016

An air and moisture insensitive calcium‐based catalytic system is developed for the reversible formation of covalent bonds allowing for the diastereoselective amplification of a pharmacologically relevant bicyclic amine scaffold.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver(I)—Ferrophox Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Cyclopentenedione: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Bicyclic Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Das Tapas , Saha Prasenjit , Singh Vinod K.
Published: February 2016

A scalable, operationally simple [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition reaction of cyclopentenediones with azomethine ylides is described which provides 5,5‐fused bicyclopyrrolidine derivatives with five stereocenters in moderate to high yields and with very high enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: 5(4H)‐Oxazolones as Novel Antitubercular Agents: Synthesis, Characterization and Structure Activity Study.
Authors: Suhasini K. P. , Chintakindi Praveen K. , Chaguruswamy K. , Murthy Y. L. N.
Published: February 2016

5(4H)‐Oxazolone derivatives (III) are synthesized by a modified Erlenmeyer—Ploechl azlactone synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Regioselective Direct Coupling of Aromatic Aldehydes with Coumarins Leading to 3‐Aroyl Coumarins.
Authors: Yuan Jin‐Wei , Yin Qiu‐Yue , Yang Liang‐Ru , Mai Wen‐Peng , Mao Pu , Xiao Yong‐Mei , Qu Ling‐Bo
Published: February 2016

The reaction conditions are also applicable to the direct coupling of N‐methylquinolines furnishing the corresponding 3‐aroylquinoline derivatives (V) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Activation of Esters of N‐Hydroxyphthalimide: A Highly Enantioselective Route to Chiral Dihydropyridinones Bearing an All Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Center.
Authors: Zhang Zhiming , Zeng Xiaofei , Xie Danbo , Chen Dongdong , Ding Liyuan , Wang Anna , Yang Limin , Zhong Guofu
Published: February 2016

The [3 + 3]‐cyclization reaction of N‐hydroxyphthalimide acrylates with N‐tosyl ketimines proceeds in moderate to high yields and with excellent enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Organocatalytic Construction of C4‐Alkyl Substituted Piperidines and Their Application to the Synthesis of (+)‐α‐Skytanthine.
Authors: Shiomi Shinya , Sugahara Erika , Ishikawa Hayato
Published: February 2016

The scalable three‐step reaction sequence of thiomalonamates and functionalized α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes in the presence of a chiral prolinol‐derived catalyst delivers the title products in high yields and with very high enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Dyes with Carboxypyridinium Regioisomers as Anchoring Groups for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells.
Authors: Mordini Alessandro , et al.
Published: February 2016

Three‐step preparations of the new dyes DF39A (I) and DF39C (II) and their spectroscopic as well as electrochemically properties are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of 3,5‐Dinitrated 1,4‐Dihydropyridines Modifiable at 1,4‐Positions by a Reaction of β‐Formyl‐β‐nitroenamines with Aldehydes.
Authors: Asahara Haruyasu , Hamada Mai , Nakaike Yumi , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi
Published: February 2016

A variety of 2,6‐unsubstituted 3,5‐dinitro‐dihydropyridines is obtained under metal‐free and environmentally benign reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinolines Formation by Condensation of Heteroaromatic Ketones and 2‐Aminobenzophenones under MW Irradiation.
Authors: Cho Soo Kyung , Song Ju Hyun , Lee Eon Jin , Lee Do‐Hun , Hahn Jung‐Tai , Jung Dai‐Il
Published: February 2016

The title quinolines are obtained from benzophenones and heteroaromatic ketones by Friedlaender condensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Indolizines, Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines, and Quinolines
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Abolghasem , Khalili Gholamhossein
Published: February 2016

via PPh3‐mediated reactions of corresponding N‐substituted pyridinium/quinolinium salts with propiolates (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aza and Carbocyclic β‐Carbolines for the Treatment of Alcohol Abuse. Regiospecific Solution to the Problem of 3,6‐Disubstituted β‐ and Aza‐β‐carboline Specificity.
Authors: Phani Babu Tiruveedhula V. V. N. , Methuku Kashi Reddy , Deschamps Jeffrey R. , Cook James M.
Published: February 2016

An improved method is elaborated for the synthesis of azacarbolines (IV) and carbolines (VII) by a Buchwald—Hartwig amination followed by an intramolecular Heck‐type cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Arylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones via Peptide‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Bromination.
Authors: Diener Matthew E. , Metrano Anthony J. , Kusano Shuhei , Miller Scott J.
Published: February 2016

A tertiary amine‐containing β‐turn peptide is developed and used as catalyst for the atroposelective bromination of various quinazolinones with high levels of enantioinduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Styrenes by Copper‐Catalyzed Borylation/ortho‐Cyanation and Silver‐Catalyzed Annulation Processes.
Authors: Zhao Wanxiang , Montgomery John
Published: February 2016

Various vinyl arene substrates undergo copper‐catalyzed hydroboration of the alkene and ortho cyanation of the benzene unit.
ChemInform Abstract: Ynones Merge Activation/Conjugate Addition of Chalcogenoborates ArE‐Bpin (E: Se, S).
Authors: Civit Marc G. , Sanz Xavier , Vogels Christopher M. , Bo Carles , Westcott Stephen A. , Fernandez Elena
Published: February 2016

The pull‐push effect of the Bpin moiety is applied in the addition of substrates (II) and (IV) to ynones (I) favouring the Z isomers of resulting β‐sulfanyl/selenyl‐enones.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Taiwaniaquinol F and Related Taiwaniaquinoids.
Authors: Kakde Badrinath N. , Kumari Pooja , Bisai Alakesh
Published: February 2016

A Nazarov‐type cyclization of aryldienyl carbinols is used as key‐step in the synthesis of racemic taiwaniaquinol F (III) and related products.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Elucidation, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of a Halimane Isolated from Vellozia kolbekii Alves (Velloziaceae).
Authors: Silva Carmelita G. , Santos Junior Helvecio M. , Barbosa Jussara P. , Costa Gisela L. , Rodrigues Felipe A. R. , Oliveira Denilson F. , Costa‐Lotufo Leticia V. , Alves Ruy J. V. , Eleutherio Elis C. A. , Rezende Claudia M.
Published: February 2016

A new halimane diterpene is isolated from Vellozia kolbekii Alves (Velloziaceae) and identified as (5R,8R,9S,13R)‐halim‐1,10‐ene‐15,16‐diol.
ChemInform Abstract: Large Micro‐Sized K2TiF6:Mn4+ Red Phosphors Synthesised by a Simple Reduction Reaction for High Colour‐Rendering White Light‐Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Han Tao , Lang Tianchun , Wang Jun , Tu Mingjing , Peng Lingling
Published: February 2016

Large K2TiF6:Mn4+ particles of 50‐100 μm size are prepared by direct Mn reduction from a purple aqueous solution containing KMnO4, KF, and K2TiF6 in HF to which a 10% H2O2 solution is added slowly.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Properties of a Co‐Crystallized Complex Based on Polyoxovanadate [VIV12VV6O42] 6‐ and a Mononuclear Vanadium Complex [VON(CH2CH2O)3].
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Fan Huitao , Du Chaojun , Xing Xiaojing , Zhao Yingying , Chen Baokuan , Wang Liya
Published: February 2016

The co‐crystallized compound (III), based on mixed valence polyoxovanadate [VIV12VV6O42] 6‐ and compound (IV) are solvothermally synthesized and characterized by single crystal XRD, IR, XPS, and magnetic and luminescence measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Interactions in Iron Superconductors: A Review
Authors: Bascones Elena , Valenzuela Belen , Calderon Maria Jose
Published: February 2016

Review: 299 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the Synthetic and Functional Aspects of Chiral Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Bisht Kamal Kumar , Parmar Bhavesh , Rachuri Yadagiri , Kathalikattil Amal Cherian , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: February 2016

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphines in Organoplatinum Complexes ‐ Structural Aspects of cis‐PtP2C2 Derivatives
Authors: Melnik Milan , Mikus Peter
Published: February 2016

Review: [131 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Based Pincer Ligands: Carbenes with a Bite
Authors: Andrew Rhiann E. , Gonzalez‐Sebastian Lucero , Chaplin Adrian B.
Published: February 2016

Review: [64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Their Nitrogen Derivatives under Copper Catalysis
Authors: Prieto Alexis , Baudoin Olivier , Bouyssi Didier , Monteiro Nuno
Published: February 2016

Review: [45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrates in Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Lenci E. , Menchi G. , Trabocchi A.
Published: February 2016

Review: [89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Berberine Analogues: Progress Towards Versatile Applications
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Jing , Tang Jie , Yu Li‐Fang , Li Jia , Li Jing‐Ya
Published: February 2016

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Renaissance and Bright Future of Synthetic Aryne Chemistry
Authors: Yoshida Suguru , Hosoya Takamitsu
Published: February 2016

Review: [54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Opportunity Knocks: Organic Chemistry for Fragment‐Based Drug Discovery (FBDD)
Authors: Murray Christopher W. , Rees David C.
Published: February 2016

Review: [28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances and Perspectives in the Manganese‐Catalyzed Epoxidation Reactions
Authors: Krishnan K. Keerthi , Thomas Anns Maria , Sindhu Kallikkakam S. , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: February 2016

Review: [96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylate‐Assisted Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Alkyne Annulations by C—H/HET—H Bond Functionalizations
Authors: Krishna S. Murali , Ravindranath L. K. , Padmalatha Y.
Published: February 2016

Review: [82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Michaelis—Arbuzov Reactions of Perhalogenated Cyclobutenes with Trialkyl Phosphites
Authors: Haegele Gerhard
Published: February 2016

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Heterocycles via Novel C‐1 Building Blocks
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Zhong Shanshan
Published: February 2016

Review: recent advances in the synthesis of heterocycles using unconventional C‐1 builing blocks; 9 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Domino and Tandem Processes
Authors: Pellissier Helene
Published: February 2016

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Routes to Imidazothiadiazines
Authors: Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F. , Khidre Rizk E. , Mohamed Hanan A.
Published: February 2016

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Entries to and Biological Activity of Pyrrolopyrimidines
Authors: De Coen Laurens M. , Heugebaert Thomas S. A. , Garcia Daniel , Stevens Christian V.
Published: February 2016

Review: recent literature (2000‐2015) on the synthesis and pharmaceutical properties opyrrolopyrimidines; 183 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐free Ethynylation of Pyrroles and Indoles with Haloalkynes in Metal Oxides and Salts Medium
Authors: Sobenina L. N. , Trofimov B. A.
Published: February 2016

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning the Energy Gap by Supramolecular Approaches: Towards Near‐Infrared Organic Assemblies and Materials
Authors: Song Qiao , Jiao Yang , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Xi
Published: February 2016

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Probes for the Selective Detection of Chemical Species Inside Mitochondria
Authors: Xu Zheng , Xu Lin
Published: February 2016

Review: [106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Strategies and Biocatalysts for Amide Bond Formation: Tricks of the Trade Outside of the Ribosome
Authors: Goswami Anwesha , Van Lanen Steven G.
Published: February 2016

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical‐Looping Combustion of Solid Fuels — Technology Overview and Recent Operational Results in 100 KW Unit
Authors: Lyngfelt Anders , Linderholm Carl
Published: February 2016

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Viewpoint: Metallurgical Aspects of Powder Bed Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Hebert Rainer J.
Published: February 2016

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review of Solid State Hydrogen Storage Methods Adopting Different Kinds of Novel Materials
Authors: Zacharia Renju , Rather Sami‐ullah
Published: February 2016

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Light Energy Conversion Materials Using Two‐Dimensional Inorganic Nanosheets
Authors: Ida Shintaro
Published: February 2016

Review: 82 refs.
Oxygen consumption rate model in HCl oxidation over a supported CuO‐CeO2 composite oxide catalyst under lean oxygen condition
Authors: Dai Yong , Fei Zhaoyang , Xu Xihua , Chen Xian , Tang Jihai , Cui Mifen , Qiao Xu
Published: February 2016

Lean‐oxygen oxidation of HCl, in which O2 conversion can reach as high as ∼60 to ∼90 %, can greatly simplify the process of recycling Cl2 using gas‐phase catalysis technology. The O2 consumption rate in lean‐oxygen HCl oxidation over a supported CuO‐CeO2 composite oxide catalyst was studied using an integral tube reactor. After eliminating the diffusion effects, three empirical kinetic models were proposed, which assumed O2 adsorption, surface reaction, and Cl2 desorption as the rate‐controlling steps, respectively. Based on O2 adsorption as the rate‐controlling step, the results indicate that the kinetic Model I best describes the coincidence between the predicted results and the experimental data. The results laid an essential foundation for reactor simulation, scale‐up, and optimization of the industrial process.
The Role of the Myocardial Microvasculature in Mental Stress–Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Ma Huan , Guo Lan , Huang Daozheng , Wang Lei , Guo Liheng , Geng Qingshan , Zhang Minzhou
Published: February 2016

There is increasing evidence that mental stress can manifest as physical diseases. One such condition is mental stress–induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI); a silent, transient, myocardial ischemic response to stressful conditions. We propose that the cardiac microvasculature may be an important site for the interplay between mental stress and MSIMI. This study is a review of the literature discussing the prevalence and emerging mechanisms underlying MSIMI. We identified several aspects underlying MSIMI, including psychological, genetic, and physiological causes. Several sources suggested that dysfunctional cardiac microvasculature might be a contributing factor in the development of stress‐induced myocardial ischemia. The literature also suggested that although MSIMI has distinct features and pathophysiology, its occurrence might indicate an increased future risk of cardiovascular events. We found that dysfunctional cardiac microvasculature may be the key point of interaction between mental stress and transient myocardial ischemia and that the development of MSIMI might be a “silent” indicator for future cardiac events.
Activated‐Carbon‐Templated Crystalline Tantalates for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Grewe Tobias , Tüysüz Harun
Published: February 2016

Herein, we report a facile nanocasting route for the preparation of crystalline mesoporous Ta2O5 and NaTaO3 with a high surface area using activated carbon as the structure‐directing hard template. The crystalline particles of Ta2O5 and NaTaO3 have mean sizes of 6 and 9 nm, constructing mesoporous networks with surface areas of 91 and 75 m2 g−1, respectively. The photocatalytic performances of the tantalum‐based replicas were investigated for the water splitting reaction by using methanol as sacrificial agent and better photocatalytic performances were observed in comparison with bulk and amorphous counterparts. Loading the templated Ta2O5 and NaTaO3 with 1 wt % NiOx boosted their photocatalytic activity. The most‐active sample, NaTaO3/NiOx, was also tested for overall water splitting and it produced hydrogen and oxygen in stoichiometric ratios at rates of 129 and 66 μmol h−1, respectively.
Niobium Doping Enhances Charge Transport in TiO2 Nanorods
Authors: Wang Hsin‐Yi , Yang Hongbin , Zhang Liping , Chen Jiazang , Liu Bin
Published: February 2016

The charge‐transport behavior of nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) is of great interest because of the wide range of applications. In this work, we demonstrate a facile approach to improve electron transport in TiO2 nanorods (NRs) by introducing niobium (Nb) dopant into the lattice of TiO2. The TiO2‐NRs doped with Nb were grown directly on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates by a facile hydrothermal method and used directly as the photoanodes for water oxidation. The TiO2 nanorod electrode doped with 0.25 % of Nb showed 65 % improvement in photocurrent as compared with the pristine TiO2 nanorod electrode. Furthermore, by simply changing the light illuminating direction, the improvement of charge transport induced by Nb doping could be easily identified.
Effect of Confinement on the Properties of Sequestered Mixed Polar Solvents: Enzymatic Catalysis in Nonaqueous 1,4‐Bis‐2‐ethylhexylsulfosuccinate Reverse Micelles
Authors: Durantini Andres M. , Falcone R. Dario , Silber Juana J. , Correa N. Mariano
Published: February 2016

The influence of different glycerol, N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and water mixtures encapsulated in 1,4‐bis‐2‐ethylhexylsulfosuccinate (AOT)/n‐heptane reverse micelles (RMs) on the enzymatic hydrolysis of 2‐naphthyl acetate by α‐chymotrypsin is demonstrated. In the case of the mixtures with DMF and protic solvents it has been previously shown, using absorption, emission and dynamic light‐scattering techniques, that solvents are segregated inside the polar core of the RMs. Protic solvents anchor to the AOT, whereas DMF locates to the polar core of the aggregate. Thus, DMF not only helps to solubilize the hydrophobic substrate, increasing its effective concentrations but surprisingly, it does not affect the enzyme activity. The importance of ensuring the presence of RMs, encapsulation of the polar solvents and the corrections by substrate partitioning in order to obtain reliable conclusions is highlighted. Moreover, the effect of a constrained environment on solvent–solvent interactions in homogenous media and its impact on the use of RMs as nanoreactors is stressed.