bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins and their health beneficial potentials: an update
Authors: Nagpal Ravinder , Behare Pradip , Rana Rajiv , Kumar Ashwani , Kumar Manoj , Arora Sanu , Marotta Francesco , Jain Shalini , Yadav Hariom
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins and their health beneficial potentials: an update’ by Ravinder Nagpal et al., Food Funct., 2011, 2, 18–27, DOI: 10.1039/C0FO00016G.
Functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid porous coordination polymer-based catalysts for biodiesel production via trans/esterification
Authors: Zhang Heng , Chen Long , Li Yuncong , Hu Yulin , Li Hu , Xu Chunbao Charles , Yang Song
Published: September 2022

Considering the increasing heavy energy demands and severe environmental issues, researchers have been searching for an alternative renewable source of energy, aiming to achieve carbon neutralization.
Air-stable cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals via post-synthetic treatment with oleylammonium bromides
Authors: Park Jusun , Park Seohee , Cho Seongwoo , Kim Youngsik , Kim Hyojung , Jeong Sohee , Woo Ju Young
Published: September 2022

Post-synthetic surface redesign significantly enhances the stability of perovskite nanocrystals.
The design of C2-chiral bases with dual basic sites predicted to exceed the range of superbasicity: a computational study
Authors: Saha Anusuya , Ganguly Bishwajit
Published: September 2022

A set of C2-chiral bases with bis-protonation sites (1–9) on dimethyl-binaphthalene derivatives have been explored using the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level and the proton affinities calculated are in the range of superbases for both the sites.
Serendipitous synthesis of 2-alkenyl- and 2-aryl-4-thiazolidinones using dithiodiglycolic anhydride
Authors: Beng Timothy K. , Sax Mckenna , Borg Claire
Published: September 2022

Dithiodiglycolic anhydride undergoes an efficient formal cycloaddition with imines to afford functionalized 4-thiazolidinones, without complications arising from the anhydride-imine reaction or the sulfa-Michael reaction (in the case of 1,3-azadienes).
Correction: Fruity, sticky, stinky, spicy, bitter, addictive, and deadly: evolutionary signatures of metabolic complexity in the Solanaceae
Authors: Fiesel Paul D. , Parks Hannah M. , Last Robert L. , Barry Cornelius S.
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Fruity, sticky, stinky, spicy, bitter, addictive, and deadly: evolutionary signatures of metabolic complexity in the Solanaceae’ by Paul D. Fiesel et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2022, 39, 1438–1464, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NP00003B.
Research on the application of body posture action feature extraction and recognition comparison
Authors: Zhao Jia‐Jun , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Xie Si‐Jia , Tang Chuan‐Qian
Published: September 2022

This paper mainly conducts a comparative study of body posture action feature extraction and recognition in three‐dimensional (3D) space through motion capture technology and virtual reality technology. Firstly, this paper proposes a body posture feature extraction method in 3D space to obtain joint point data and conduct body posture feature extraction research. At the same time, this method is used for action recognition research, which solves the difficulty of traditional methods in 3D scene feature extraction and motion recognition. In addition, this paper proposes two action comparison methods in 3D space. One is a ‘distance threshold method’ that calculates the distance between bones in the form of joint points and bones, which can finally provide the effect of dynamic display of sliders; the other is the ‘feature plane method’ that calculates the detailed information based on different skeletal joint point planes, and finally provides a text display effect with detailed body posture difference values. Finally, combined with virtual reality technology, an application platform for body posture feature recognition and comparison is designed and implemented, which solves the problems of poor visualization effect and weak interaction of traditional methods.
Trajectory prediction for autonomous driving based on multiscale spatial‐temporal graph
Authors: Tang Luqi , Yan Fuwu , Zou Bin , Li Wenbo , Lv Chen , Wang Kewei
Published: September 2022

Predicting the trajectories of surrounding heterogeneous traffic agents is critical for the decision making of an autonomous vehicle. Recently, many existing prediction methods have focused on capturing interactions between agents to improve prediction accuracy. However, few methods pay attention to the temporal dependencies of interactions that there are different behavioural interactions at different time scales. In this work, the authors propose a novel framework for trajectory prediction by stacking spatial‐temporal layers at multiple time scales. Firstly, the authors design three kinds of adjacency matrices to capture more genuine spatial dependencies rather than a fixed adjacency matrix. Then, a novel dilated temporal convolution is developed to handle temporal dependencies. Benefiting from the dilated temporal convolution, the authors’ graph convolution is able to aggregate information from neighbours at different time scales by stacking spatial‐temporal layers. Finally, a long short‐term memory networks (LSTM)‐based trajectory generation module is used to receive the features extracted by the spatial‐temporal graph and generate the future trajectories for all observed traffic agents simultaneously. The authors evaluate the proposed model on the publicly available next generation simulation dataset (NGSIM), the highway drone dataset (highD), and ApolloScape datasets. The results demonstrate that the authors’ approach achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance. Furthermore, the proposed method ranked #1 on the leaderboard of the ApolloScape trajectory competition in March 2021.
J-PLUS: Uncovering a large population of extreme [OIII] emitters in the local Universe
Authors: Lumbreras-Calle A. , López-Sanjuan C. , Sobral D. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , Vílchez J. M. , Hernán-Caballero A. , Akhlaghi M. , Díaz-García L. A. , Alcaniz J. , Angulo R. E. , Cenarro A. J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Dupke R. A. , Ederoclite A. , Hernández-Monteagudo C. , Marín-Franch A. , Moles M. , Sodré L. , Vázquez Ramió H. , Varela J.
Published: September 2022

Context.Over the past decades, several studies have discovered a population of galaxies that undergo very strong star formation events. They are called extreme emission line galaxies (EELGs).

Aims.We exploit the capabilities of the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS), a wide-field multifilter survey, with which 2000 square degrees of the northern sky are already observed. We use it to identify EELGs at low redshift by their [OIII]5007 emission line. We intend to provide a more complete, deep, and less biased sample of local EELGs.

Methods.We selected objects with an excess of flux in the J-PLUS medium-bandJ0515 filter, which covers the [OIII] line atz < 0.06. We removed contaminants (stars and higher-redshift systems) using J-PLUS and WISE infrared photometry, with SDSS spectra as a benchmark. We performed spectral energy distribution fitting to estimate the physical properties of the galaxies: line fluxes, equivalent widths (EWs), masses, stellar population ages, and so on.

Results.We identify 466 EELGs atz < 0.06 with [OIII] EW over 300 Å and anr-band magnitude below 20, of which 411 were previously unknown. Most show compact morphologies, low stellar masses (log(M⋆/M⊙) ∼ 8.13−0.58+0.61), low dust extinction (E(B−V) ∼ 0.1−0.1+0.2), and very young bursts of star formation (3.0−2.0+2.7Myr). Our method is up to ∼20 times more efficient in detecting EELGs per Mpc3than broadband surveys, and it is as complete as magnitude-limited spectroscopic surveys (but reaches fainter objects). The sample is not directly biased against strong Hαemitters, in contrast with works using broadband surveys.

Conclusions.We demonstrate that J-PLUS can identify a large sample of previously unknown EELGs showing unique properties following a clear selection process. A fraction of the EELGs are probably similar to the first galaxies in the Universe, but they are at a much lower redshift, which makes them ideal targets for follow-up studies.
A semiempirical approach to low-energy cosmic ray propagation in the diffuse interstellar medium
Authors: Franceschi Riccardo , Shore Steven N.
Published: September 2022

Context. We investigate the ionization of the diffuse interstellar medium by cosmic rays by modeling their propagation along the wandering magnetic fields using a Monte Carlo method. We explore how particle trapping and second-order Fermi processes affect the ionization of the medium.

Aims. We study how low-energy comic rays propagate in turbulent, translucent molecular clouds, and how they regulate the ionization and both lose and gain energy from the medium.

Methods. As a test case, we used high spatial resolution (0.03 pc) CO maps of a well-studied high latitude translucent cloud, MBM 3, to model turbulence. The propagation problem is solved with a modified Monte Carlo procedure that includes trapping, energization, and ionization losses.

Results. In the homogeneous medium, trapping and re-energization do not produce a significant effect. In the nonuniform medium, particles can be trapped for a long time inside the cloud. This modifies the cosmic ray distribution due to stochastic acceleration at the highest energies (∼100 MeV). At lower energies, the re-energization is too weak to produce an appreciable effect. The change in the energy distribution does not significantly affect the ionization losses, so ionization changes are due to trapping effects.

Conclusions. Our Monte Carlo approach to cosmic ray propagation is an alternative method for solving the transport equation. This approach can be benchmarked to gas observations of molecular clouds. Using this approach, we demonstrate that stochastic Fermi acceleration and particle trapping occurs in inhomogeneous clouds, significantly enhancing their ionization.
Constraining planetary mass-loss rates by simulating Parker wind profiles with Cloudy
Authors: Linssen D. C. , Oklopčić A. , MacLeod M.
Published: September 2022

Models of exoplanet atmospheres based on Parker wind density and velocity profiles are a common choice in fitting spectroscopic observations tracing planetary atmospheric escape. Inferring atmospheric properties using these models often results in a degeneracy between the temperature and the mass-loss rate, and thus provides weak constraints on either parameter. We present a framework that can partially resolve this degeneracy by placing more stringent constraints on the expected thermospheric temperature. We use the photoionization code Cloudy within an iterative scheme to compute the temperature structure of a grid of 1D Parker wind models, including the effects of radiative heating/cooling, as well as the hydrodynamic effects (expansion cooling and heat advection). We constrain the parameter space by identifying models that are not self-consistent through a comparison of the simulated temperature in the He 10 830 Å line-forming region to the temperature assumed in creating the models. We demonstrate this procedure on models based on HD 209458 b. By investigating the Parker wind models with an assumed temperature between 4000 and 12 000 K, and a mass-loss rate between 108 and 1011 g s−1, we are able to rule out a large portion of this parameter space. Furthermore, we fit the models to previous observational data and combine both constraints to find a preferred thermospheric temperature of T = 8200 −1100+1200 K and a mass-loss rate of Ṁ = 10 9.84 −0.27+0.24 g s−1 assuming a fixed atmospheric composition and no gas pressure confinement by the stellar wind. Using the same procedure, we constrain the temperatures and mass-loss rates of WASP-69 b, WASP-52 b, HAT-P-11 b, HAT-P-18 b and WASP-107 b.
Kharkiv database of asteroid absolute magnitudes: Comparative analysis with other datasets
Authors: Shevchenko V. G. , Belskaya I. N. , Slyusarev I. G. , Mikhalchenko O. I. , Krugly Yu. N. , Chiorny V. G. , Lupishko D. F. , Oszkiewicz D. , Kwiatkowski T. , Gritsevich M. , Muinonen K. , Penttilä A.
Published: September 2022

We present a database of the absolute magnitudes of asteroids named the Kharkiv Asteroid Absolute Magnitude Database (KhAAMD). The database includes a homogeneous set of the absolute magnitudes for about 400 asteroids in the new HG1G2 magnitude system. We performed a comparative analysis of the asteroid absolute magnitudes between the Kharkiv database and other main magnitude databases (MPC, Pan-STARRS, ATLAS, PTF, and Gaia). We show that the Pan-STARRS absolute magnitude dataset has no systematic deviations and is the most suitable for the determination of diameters and albedos of asteroids. For the MPC dataset, there is a linear trend of overestimating the absolute magnitudes of bright objects and underestimating the magnitudes of faint asteroids. The ATLAS dataset has both a systematic overestimation of asteroid magnitudes and a linear trend. We propose equations that can be used to correct for systematic errors in the MPC and the ATLAS magnitude datasets. There are possible systematic deviations of about 0.1 mag for the Gaia and PTF databases but there are insufficient data overlapping with our data for a definitive analysis.
Sequential linear integer programming for integer optimal control with total variation regularization
Authors: Leyffer Sven , Manns Paul
Published: September 2022

We propose a trust-region method that solves a sequence of linear integer programs to tackle integer optimal control problems regularized with a total variation penalty. The total variation penalty implies that the considered integer control problems admit minimizers. We introduce a local optimality concept for the problem, which arises from the infinite-dimensional perspective. In the case of a one-dimensional domain of the control function, we prove convergence of the iterates produced by our algorithm to points that satisfy first-order stationarity conditions for local optimality. We demonstrate the theoretical findings on a computational example.
Der Nachlass von Gerd Huber (1921–2012) am Bezirkskrankenhaus
Günzburg
Authors: Kosenko Oxana , Bechter Karl , Becker Thomas , Steger Florian
Published: September 2022

Gerd Huber (1921–2012) war ein bedeutender westdeutscher Psychiater und
Neurologe der Nachkriegszeit. Vor allem seine Studien mit bildgebenden Verfahren
zur Frage der Hirnatrophie, zum Langzeitverlauf und zu den Basissymptomen der
schizophrenen Erkrankungen leisteten einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Erforschung
der Schizophrenie und wurden international diskutiert. Der an das
Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg übergebene Huber-Nachlass wird
aktuell für die Forschung erschlossen. Der Nachlass enthält
private und berufliche Unterlagen Hubers, seine Werke sowie einen kleinen
Teilnachlass von Kurt Schneider. Diese Archivalien spiegeln nicht nur die
Entwicklung der akademischen Laufbahn von Gerd Huber wider, sondern sind
bedeutend für die Erforschung der Geschichte der Psychiatrie in der
Nachkriegszeit in Westdeutschland, der Entwicklung der Konzepte auf den Gebieten
der Schizophrenieforschung und der biologischen Psychiatrie, der
Universitäts- und Alltagsgeschichte und anderer Themen.
Patient Satisfaction and Barriers to Nursing Care Quality in Oncology Units
Authors: Kannappan Sujatha R. , Veigas Jacintha , Walton Mary
Published: September 2022

Background: Every patient expects safe and quality patient care. A satisfying journey during hospitalization indicates quality care. Nurses provide a significant component of patient care over a long period, compared to any other healthcare professional. This study aims to find patient satisfaction in oncology units and identify the barriers to nursing care quality.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional correlation design was used with 100 cancer patients admitted to oncology units of tertiary care hospital selected by convenience sampling. The Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire was used to assess patient satisfaction, and an investigator-prepared and validated checklist was used to identify barriers to nursing care quality.

Results: The study revealed that 50% of patients were satisfied with the overall nursing care quality received during the hospital stay, and the overall barrier score to patient satisfaction for quality nursing care was 33.5%. Overall, 37% of patients were extremely satisfied with the quality of care and services they received during their hospital stay. The findings revealed a statistically significant association between patient satisfaction and the patients' employment status, type of treatment, and duration of stay in the hospital. This study also revealed that workload, lack of time, and inability to speak the local language were the major barriers to patient satisfaction.

Conclusions: Patients are the hospital's consumers or customers. For the best results, hospitals should train nurses to communicate in the local language, provide adequate staffing, and adequate training.
Instrument for measurement of interfacial structure–property relationships with decoupled interfacial shear and dilatational flow: “Quadrotrough”
Authors: Tein Y. Summer , Thompson Benjamin R. , Majkrzak Chuck , Maranville Brian , Renggli Damian , Vermant Jan , Wagner Norman J.
Published: September 2022

Understanding the interfacial structure–property relationship of complex fluid–fluid interfaces is increasingly important for guiding the formulation of systems with targeted interfacial properties, such as those found in multiphase complex fluids, biological systems, biopharmaceuticals formulations, and many consumer products. Mixed interfacial flow fields, typical of classical Langmuir trough experiments, introduce a complex interfacial flow history that complicates the study of interfacial properties of complex fluid interfaces. In this article, we describe the design, implementation, and validation of a new instrument capable of independent application of controlled interfacial dilation and shear kinematics on fluid interfaces. Combining the Quadrotrough with both in situ Brewster angle microscopy and neutron reflectometry provides detailed structural measurements of the interface at the mesoscale and nanoscale in relationship to interfacial material properties under controlled interfacial deformation histories.
Group percolation in interdependent networks with reinforcement network layer
Authors: Li Qian , Yu Hongtao , Han Weitao , Wu Yiteng
Published: September 2022

In many real-world interdependent network systems, nodes often work together to form groups, which can enhance robustness to resist risks. However, previous group percolation models are always of a first-order phase transition, regardless of the group size distribution. This motivates us to investigate a generalized model for group percolation in interdependent networks with a reinforcement network layer to eliminate collapse. Some backup devices that are equipped for a density ρ of reinforced nodes constitute the reinforcement network layer. For each group, we assume that at least one node of the group can function in one network and a node in another network depends on the group to function. We find that increasing the density ρ of reinforcement nodes and the size S of the dependency group can significantly enhance the robustness of interdependent networks. Importantly, we find the existence of a hybrid phase transition behavior and propose a method for calculating the shift point of percolation types. The most interesting finding is the exact universal solution to the minimal density ρmin of reinforced nodes (or the minimum group size Smin) to prevent abrupt collapse for Erdős–Rényi, scale-free, and regular random interdependent networks. Furthermore, we present the validity of the analytic solutions for a triple point ρc∗ (or Sc∗), the corresponding phase transition point pc∗, and second-order phase transition points pcΠ in interdependent networks. These findings might yield a broad perspective for designing more resilient interdependent infrastructure networks.
Sheath expansion effect of double flush mounted probe in weakly ionized plasma
Authors: Yu Pengcheng , Liu Yu , Liu Xiangqun , Lei Jiuhou
Published: September 2022

Sheath expansion is a distinctive feature of the double flush mounted probe because of the embedded configuration. Previously, the sheath expansion effect was usually neglected in weakly ionized plasma dominated by collisions between charged particles and neutrals. In this work, we investigated the sheath expansion effect of the double flush mounted probe in weakly ionized plasma. Results indicate that measurements using the double flush mounted probe were also influenced to a certain extent by the sheath expansion effect in weakly ionized plasma. To eliminate the influence, an empirical analytical formula has been presented to eliminate the influence of sheath expansion. In addition, a fitting curve is given based on experimental data, which indicates that sheath expansion should be considered in processing the measured data when the plasma pressure is lower than 200 Pa. In summary, this work indicates that the ion–neutral collision is a crucial factor that affects sheath expansion in addition to the radius parameter and probes' bias, which can be extended to double flush mounted probe diagnostics in collisional plasma such as the reentry plasma sheath and high-powered plasma thruster.
Instrument for in situ study of rolling under normal load and torque
Authors: Rajchel Milosz K. , Varenberg Michael , Leamy Michael J. , Antoniou Antonia
Published: September 2022

Instabilities that develop at the contact interface of solid rollers or airless tires while in motion can lead to increased energy losses and reduced service life. This manuscript describes an instrument that can give better insight into the origin of such instabilities by monitoring both local and global roller mechanics. This is done by simultaneously obtaining force and displacement data from sensors as well as optical measurements and local deformation fields across two different planes, extracted from images taken by a high-speed camera. Multiple loading configurations are possible, ranging from static normal loading of the roller to free rolling and rolling with a propulsive or a braking torque. Instrument functions, elements, and design are presented in detail and its capabilities are demonstrated by obtaining measurements such as width of the contact interface under normal loading, strain fields of the roller sidewall and contact interface under normal loading, and the roller’s resistance to motion for free and forced rolling.
Self-selective analogue FeOx-based memristor induced by the electron transport in the defect energy level
Authors: Liao Changrong , Hu Xiaofang , Liu Xiaoqin , Sun Bai , Zhou Guangdong
Published: September 2022

A Fe2O3 film homojunction was orderly prepared by magnetron sputtering and a hydrothermal method. The Fe2O3 homojunction-based memristor exhibits an obvious self-selective effect as well as a typical analogue resistive switching (RS) memory behavior. A desirable self-rectifying voltage range (−1 to 1 V), stable resistance ratio, good cycling endurance (>104 cycles), and long retention time (>104 s) can be obtained from the Fe2O3 homojunction-based memristor. Oxygen vacancies (Vo) are inevitably generated during the growth of the Fe2O3 film. The self-selective analogue RS memory behavior is ascribed to the electron tunneling behavior between the potential barrier generated by the FeOx contact and the electron filling dynamic in the Vo-based traps. This work provides a simple method to prepare a self-selective analogue memristor and lays the foundation for the core device of neuromorphic computing.
Global existence of a quasilinear chemotaxis model with signal-dependent motility and indirect signal production mechanism
Authors: Ren Guoqiang
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we study the following quasilinear chemotaxis model with signal-dependent motility: nt = Δ(γ(c)nm); ct = dcΔc − c + v; vt = dvΔv − v + n, x ∈ Ω, t > 0, ∂(nmγ(c))∂ν=∂c∂ν=∂v∂ν=0, x ∈ ∂Ω, t > 0, n(x, 0) = n0(x), c(x, 0) = c0(x), v(x, 0) = v0(x), x ∈ Ω, t > 0, where γ(c) = c−r. We show that the above system admits at least one global weak solution.
Topological Lifshitz transition in twisted hyperbolic acoustic metasurfaces
Authors: Yves Simon , Peng Yu-Gui , Alù Andrea
Published: September 2022

Acoustic metamaterials and metasurfaces have been explored in the past few years to realize a wide range of extreme responses for sound waves. As one remarkable phenomenon, extreme anisotropy and hyperbolic sound propagation are particularly challenging to realize compared to electromagnetic waves because of the scalar nature of airborne acoustics. In parallel, moiré superlattices and the rapidly expanding domain of twistronics have shown that large anisotropy combined with tailored geometrical rotations can enable tantalizing emerging phenomena, such as tailored phase transitions in metamaterials. Connecting these areas of research, here, we explore the realization of acoustic hyperbolic metasurfaces and their combination to drive topological phase transitions from hyperbolic to elliptic sound propagation. The transition point occurring at a specific rotation angle between two acoustic metasurfaces supports highly directional canalization of sound, opening exciting opportunities for twisted acoustics metasurfaces for robust surface wave guiding and steering.
Characteristics of very-large-scale motions in gradually varied open-channel flows upstream of a run-of-river dam
Authors: Yan Zili , Duan Yanchong , Zhu Dejun , Li Danxun
Published: September 2022

The gradually varied open-channel flows (OCF) upstream of a run-of-river (RoR) dam are ubiquitous in natural rivers. In this flow type, the velocity profile shows some similarities to that in uniform open-channel flows, but the turbulence intensity and Reynolds shear stress are slightly greater. However, the presence and properties of very-large-scale motions (VLSMs) in such flows are still unclear. To fill this research gap, time-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements were performed upstream of a modeled RoR dam in an open-channel flume. Based on pre-multiplied spectra analysis, statistical evidence of the presence of VLSMs in the flow type is reported for the first time. The results reveal that although the typical streamwise wavelength of VLSMs in such gradually varied OCF is similar to that in other flows, such as turbulent boundary layers, closed-channel flows, pipe flows, and uniform OCF, the VLSMs in the present gradually varied OCF are stronger and contribute more streamwise turbulent kinetic energy as well as Reynolds shear stress than other flows.
Field-view theoretical model of triboelectric nanogenerators based on Laplace's equations
Authors: Li Xiao-Wen , Wu Yu-Hang , Wen Dan-Liang , Chen Yu , Zhang Xiao-Sheng
Published: September 2022

Further investigation of theoretical models is essential to physically understand triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and then promote their extensive applications. Theoretical approaches in the existing studies mainly focus on establishing equivalent circuits, which provide a rapid analysis method but with relatively low precision. Therefore, we propose a field-view model to theoretically analyze the physical mechanism of TENGs, which reveals high efficiency and great accuracy. After the comprehensive study, it is determined that the dynamic behavior of TENGs in a single approaching/separating cycle could be regarded as a time series of electrostatic equilibrium problems. Thus, based on Laplace's equations and potential boundary conditions, a definite-solution-problem model is developed, which could provide explicit mathematical expressions to ultra-precisely predict the electrical characteristics of TENG.
Spatiotemporal linear stability of viscoelastic Saffman–Taylor flows
Authors: Bansal D. , Chauhan T. , Sircar S.
Published: September 2022

The temporal and spatiotemporal linear stability analyses of a displaced Oldroyd-B fluid with the mean flow in a horizontally aligned, square, Hele–Shaw cell are reported to identify the regions of topological transition of the advancing interface. The viscosity of the displacing fluid is negligible in comparison to the displaced fluid. While all the inertial terms in the model are retained, the interface is assumed to evolve on a slow timescale compared with the timescale of the perturbation (or the so-called “quasi-stationary” approximation). The parameters governing stability are the Reynolds number Re=b2ρU012η2L, the elasticity number E=12λ(1−ν)η2ρb2, and the ratio of the solvent to the polymer solution viscosity ν=ηsη2, where b,L,U0,ρ,λ are the cell gap, the cell length (or width), the mean flow velocity, the density of the driven fluid, and the polymer relaxation time, respectively. Reasonably good agreement on the relative finger width data computed with our model and the experimental data in the Stokes and the inertial Newtonian regime is found. In the asymptotic limit E(1−ν)≪1, the critical Reynolds number, Rec, diverges as Rec∼[E(1−ν)]−5/3 and the critical wavenumber, αc, increases as αc∼[E(1−ν)]−2/3. In a confined domain, the temporal stability analysis indicates (a) the destabilizing influence of the inertial terms, (b) the destabilizing impact of the finite boundaries near the wall, and (c) the stabilizing impact of elasticity until a critical Reynolds number. The Briggs idea of analytic continuation is deployed to classify regions of absolute and convective instabilities as well as the evanescent modes. The phase diagram reveals the presence of an absolutely unstable region at high values of Reynolds and elasticity number, confirming the role of fluid inertia in triggering a pinch-off.
Momentum and heat transfer characteristics of a rotating elliptical cylinder in vortex shedding flow of power-law fluids
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sahu Akhilesh Kumar
Published: September 2022

A numerical analysis is carried out to comprehend the fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena of non-Newtonian power-law fluid flow around a rotating elliptic cylinder. The investigations are accomplished for parameters, namely, the aspect ratio of the cylinder, e=0.1; the rotational speed of the cylinder, 0.5≤α≤2.0; the Reynolds number, Re=100; the power-law index, 0.4≤n≤1.6; and the Prandtl number, 1≤Pr≤100. A detailed vorticity and isotherm patterns are presented to demonstrate the vortex shedding and heat transfer phenomenon around the cylinder. The results clearly show the strong dependency of fluid behaviors and rotational speed on flow and heat transfer phenomena. At a low rotational speed (α≤1.0), the standard vortex-shedding patterns appear. The behavior of the fluid mainly affects the size and strength of the vortices. At a higher rotational speed (α > 1.0), a hovering vortex (HV) appears for Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids. The shear-thinning tendency of the fluid encourages the formation of HV; however, the HV is not observed for shear-thickening fluids. Due to the rotational motion of the cylinder, the surface Nusselt number varies in a periodic manner with time/orientation. As expected, the Prandtl number (Pr) and shear-thinning (n<1.0) behavior of the fluid encourage the heat transfer from the cylinder. The rotational motion of the cylinder also favors the heat transfer phenomena. Finally, a correlation is presented for the time average surface Nusselt number (Nuavg) as a function of the Prandtl number (Pr), fluid behavior (n), and rotational speed (α).
Experimental investigation on the unsteady surface pressure fluctuation patterns over an airfoil
Authors: Celik A. , Bowen L. , Azarpeyvand M.
Published: September 2022

This article presents a comprehensive mapping of wall-pressure fluctuations over an airfoil under three different inflow conditions to shed light on some basic assumptions taken for granted for the recent aeroacoustic and aerodynamics experimental studies and in the noise prediction models. Unsteady and steady pressure measurements were performed over a heavily instrumented airfoil, which was exposed to smooth inflow, grid-generated turbulent inflow, and a smooth inflow with a tripping tape over the airfoil to explore the unsteady response of the airfoil for a broad range of angles of attack, 0°≤α≤20°. The results are presented in terms of non-dimensional pressure coefficient, root mean square non-dimensional pressure coefficient, frequency-energy content pattern map at isolated frequencies for the entire airfoil, and spectra of frequency-energy content at selected transducer locations. The results show that the unsteady airfoil response patterns for the tripped boundary layer and turbulence ingestion cases show a dramatic difference compared to the airfoil response patterns of the smooth inflow conditions. The response patterns differ across angles of attack, frequency, and between both sides of the airfoil. The results suggest a three-region pattern for the smooth inflow case, a two-region pattern for the tripped boundary layer case, and a two-region pattern for the turbulence ingestion case. Moreover, the results indicate that the presence of tripping may provide a flow with necessary statistical characteristics for the experimental rigs representing the full-scale application; however, it may misrepresent the frequency-dependent nature of the boundary layer.
Maximum spreading of droplet-particle collision covering a low Weber number regime and data-driven prediction model
Authors: Yoon Ikroh , Chergui Jalel , Juric Damir , Shin Seungwon
Published: September 2022

In the present study, the maximum spreading diameter of a droplet impacting with a spherical particle is numerically studied for a wide range of impact conditions: Weber number (We) 0–110, Ohnesorge number (Oh) 0.001 3–0.786 9, equilibrium contact angle (θeqi) 20°–160°, and droplet-to-particle size ratio (Ω) 1/10–1/2. A total of 2600 collision cases are simulated to enable a systematic analysis and prepare a large dataset for the training of a data-driven prediction model. The effects of four impact parameters (We, Oh, θeqi, and Ω) on the maximum spreading diameter (β*max) are comprehensively analyzed, and particular attention is paid to the difference of β*max between the low and high Weber number regimes. A universal model for the prediction of β*max, as a function of We, Oh, θeqi, and Ω, is also proposed based on a deep neural network. It is shown that our data-driven model can predict the maximum spreading diameter well, showing an excellent agreement with the existing experimental results as well as our simulation dataset within a deviation range of ±10%.
Methane activation by vanadium oxide cluster anions (V2O5)NO− (N = 1–18)
Authors: Wei Gong-Ping , Zhao Yan-Xia , He Sheng-Gui
Published: September 2022

The reactivity of vanadium oxide cluster anions (V2O5)NO− (N = 1–18) that feature with vanadium oxyl radicals (V–O⋅−) toward the most stable alkane, methane, at 273 K has been characterized by employing a newly home-made ship-lock type reactor coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The rate constants were determined in the orders of magnitude of 10−16–10−18 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, which significantly breaks the detection limit of predecessors that the reactivity of metal-oxyl radicals (Mn+–O⋅−) with rate constants higher than 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 could usually be measured. The dynamic structural rearrangement of the cluster skeleton has been proposed to account for the size-dependent reactivity of (V2O5)1–5O− clusters, which may also function in tuning the reactivity of large-sized (V2O5)6–18O− clusters. This work provides new insights into the mechanism of Mn+–O⋅−-mediated C–H activation of methane at a strictly molecular level and expands the activity landscape of Mn+–O⋅− radicals.
Breaking the wildfire cycle: progressive fire management can shift fire regimes and improve ecosystem condition. A case study from a large conservation reserve in northern Australia
Authors: Ezzy Lea
Published: September 2022

Extensive late dry season fires in northern Australia have long been considered detrimental to biodiversity conservation, pastoral production and other cultural and landscape values. Fire management programs in these landscapes typically aim to shift the fire regime from wildfires occurring predominately in the late dry season (LDS), when they tend to be extensive and destructive, to prescribed burns in the early dry season (EDS), when fires are generally smaller and less intensive. The intent is to create heterogeneity in vegetation age classes, reduce the scale of LDS fires and, in doing so, retain long-unburnt vegetation, a critical asset for biodiversity in a flammable landscape. Boodjamulla National Park, in Queensland’s Gulf Country, experienced a cycle of large LDS wildfires every 5 years for most of its history as a pastoral property and park until a progressive EDS burning program was introduced. Although there is limited information for defining the ideal fire regime for spinifex (Triodia spp.) rangelands, this program has improved a range of spatial metrics which the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (QPWS) believes can only benefit biodiversity; these include decreased annual and LDS area burnt; a greater number of small burnt patches; shorter distances between recently burnt and long-unburnt spinifex; and, consequently, a greater area of long-unburnt spinifex embedded in the mosaic across the landscape. There has been an improvement in the ecological parameters of these landscapes, as well as the protection and persistence of fire-sensitive vegetation communities and species, because of the burn program.
The mixed solutions and nonlinear wave transitions for the (2 + 1)-dimensional Sawada-Kotera equation
Authors: Bi Kuai , Guo Rui
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we will obtain the mixed solutions of the

2
+
1

-dimensional Sawada-Kotera equation by the Hirota bilinear method and the long wave limit method. Through applying the long wave limit method to the N-soliton solutions, we will obtain the corresponding lump solutions. Besides, we will get the mixed solutions of lump, breather and soliton solutions. Under the transition condition, we will obtain different types of nonlinear waves which include quasi-anti-dark soliton, multi-peak soliton, M-shaped soliton, quasi-periodic soliton and W-shaped soliton from the breath wave and the lump solutions. In particular, we will derive the inelastic collision modes, the elastic collision modes and the collision-free modes under specific conditions. Finally, we will display the mixed solutions and the nonlinear waves through illustrations.
Perturbation based analytical and numerical solutions of non-Newtonian differential equation during reverse roll coating process under lubrication approximation theory
Authors: Ali Fateh , Hou Yanren , Zahid Muhammad , Rana M A , Kumam Poom , Kanwal Marya , Sitthithakerngkiet Kanokwan
Published: September 2022

Reverse roll coating process are utilized for the purpose of applying a coating to a substrate or web by utilising different rollers in order to get the required coated surface. As a result of this, reverse roll coating process have found applications in a wide variety of industries, such as those dealing with food and medicine, electronic components, optical and LCD devices, and optical products. The main objective of this paper is to develop the mathematical formulation for the coating of thin film for an incompressible isothermal viscoelastic fluid between two reversely rotating rolls. Through the use of an appropriate dimensionless parameter, Non-dimensional nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are derived from governing partial differential equations (PDEs). LAT (lubrication approximation theory) simplifies the dimensionless equations of fluid motion. The expressions for velocity of flow, pressure gradient and flow rate is obtained analytically by using regular perturbation method, while numeric solution of some mechanical parameters such as power input, coating thickness, roll separation force and separation points are calculated. The numerical validation of the analytical solution of the fundamental model of nonlinear constitutive flow laws is done in the Maple environment using the numeric technique which is based on finite difference method. The influence of numerous non-Newtonian parameters such as velocities ratio and Weissenberg number on velocity profiles, pressure gradient, power input, roll separation force, separation points and coating thickness of a non-Newtonian Johnson–Segalman (JS) fluid are explored via graphically and in tabular form. The outcomes demonstrate that on increasing the Weisenberg number and velocities ratio, the coating thickness on web is decreases. For the numerous values of velocities ratio, it is important to note that separation points shifted towards the nip region. In addition, the non-Newtonain parameter have signifcant impact on power input and roll separating force. The maximum coating thickness that is 1.0927 has been observed at the value of separation poin 0.9620. Hence, these factors may help in an efficient coating process and improve the substrate life.
The grand canonical Multiverse and the small cosmological constant
Authors: Ben-Dayan Ido , Hadad Merav , Michaelis Amir
Published: September 2022

We consider the Multiverse as an ensemble of universes. Using standard statistical physics analysis we get that the Cosmological Constant (CC) is exponentially small. The small and finite CC is achieved without any anthropic reasoning. We then quantize the CC. The quantization allows a precise summation of the possible contributions and using the measured value of the CC yields a prediction on the temperature of the Multiverse that we define. Furthermore, quantization allows the interpretation of a single Universe as a superposition of different eigenstates with different energy levels rather than the existence of an actual Multiverse.
Adherence to EAT-Lancet dietary recommendations for health and sustainability in the Gambia
Authors: Ali Zakari , Scheelbeek Pauline F D , Felix Jyoti , Jallow Bakary , Palazzo Amanda , Segnon Alcade C , Havlík Petr , Prentice Andrew M , Green Rosemary
Published: September 2022

Facilitating dietary change is pivotal to improving population health, increasing food system resilience, and minimizing adverse impacts on the environment, but assessment of the current ‘status-quo’ and identification of bottlenecks for improvement has been lacking to date. We assessed deviation of the Gambian diet from the EAT-Lancet guidelines for healthy and sustainable diets and identified leverage points to improve nutritional and planetary health. We analysed the 2015/16 Gambian Integrated Household Survey dataset comprising food consumption data from 12 713 households. Consumption of different food groups was compared against the EAT-Lancet reference diet targets to assess deviation from the guidelines. We computed a ‘sustainable and healthy diet index (SHDI)’ based on deviation of different food groups from the EAT-Lancet recommendations and modelled the socio-economic and geographic determinants of households that achieved higher scores on this index, using multivariable mixed effects regression. The average Gambian diet had very low adherence to EAT-Lancet recommendations. The diet was dominated by refined grains and added sugars which exceeded the recommendations. SHDI scores for nutritionally important food groups such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, dairy, poultry, and beef and lamb were low. Household characteristics associated with higher SHDI scores included: being a female-headed household, having a relatively small household size, having a schooled head of the household, having a high wealth index, and residing in an urban settlement. Furthermore, diets reported in the dry season and households with high crop production diversity showed increased adherence to the targets. While average Gambian diets include lower amounts of food groups with harmful environmental footprint, they are also inadequate in healthy food groups and are high in sugar. There are opportunities to improve diets without increasing their environmental footprint by focusing on the substitution of refined grains by wholegrains, reducing sugar and increasing fruit and vegetables consumption.
Modulation of ENSO teleconnections over North America by the Pacific decadal oscillation
Authors: Maher Nicola , Kay Jennifer E , Capotondi Antonietta
Published: September 2022

In this study, we investigate whether the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) can enhance or diminish El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) temperature and precipitation teleconnections over North America using five single model initial-condition large ensembles (SMILEs). The use of SMILEs facilitates a statistically robust comparison of ENSO events that occur during different phases of the PDO. We find that a positive PDO enhances winter and spring El Niño temperature and precipitation teleconnections and diminishes La Niña teleconnections. A negative PDO has the opposite effect. The modulation of ENSO by the PDO is mediated by differences in the location and strength of the Aleutian Low and Pacific Jet during ENSO events under different phases of the PDO. This modulation is a simple combination of the individual effects of the PDO and ENSO over North America. Finally, we show that ENSO and the PDO can be used to evaluate the likelihood of the occurrence of temperature and precipitation anomalies in different regions, but cannot be used as a deterministic predictor of these anomalies due to the large variability between individual events.
Regime shifts of the wet and dry seasons in the tropics under global warming
Authors: Guo Jinyuan , Hu Shujuan , Guan Yuping
Published: September 2022

The main seasonal characteristics in the tropics include both spatial patterns and temporal parameters of onset, cessation, duration, and the number of wet and dry seasons. Previous studies showed that wet seasons shortened and dry seasons extended with global warming, but the changes in spatial distribution and the number of wet and dry seasons are still unclear. Here, we analyze the climatic characteristics of once wet and dry season a year (annual regime) and twice wet and dry seasons a year (biannual regime), and find that regimes of wet and dry seasons have changed from 1935 to 2014. Across the equator and the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, some regions where there used to be an annual regime have become a biannual regime; instead, other regions have shifted from a biannual regime into an annual regime. With seasonal regimes shifting, areas of the biannual regime have expanded at a rate of 31 000 km2/decade. Meanwhile, in annual regime regions, wet seasons have been shortened in 60.3% of regions, with an average of 7 d; the onset dates of wet seasons have been delayed in 64.8%, with an average of 6 d. Besides, wet seasons have become wetter in 51.1% of regions, and dry seasons have become drier in 59.9%. In biannual regime regions, the shortened wet seasons have occurred in 83.7% of regions, with an average shortening of 8 d, and precipitation has decreased in both wet and dry seasons. Moreover, the shorter wet seasons will amplify further by the end of the 21st century. The continuous seasonal changes will threaten agricultural, ecological security, and even human well-being.