bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance of Anopheles gambiae s.s. against commonly used insecticides and implication of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in resistance to pyrethroids in Lambaréné (Gabon)
Authors: Boussougou-Sambe Stravensky Térence , Djida Ynous , Doumba-Ndalembouly Ange Gatien , Ngossanga Barclaye , Boussougou Lynda Nouage , Ambinintsoa Maminirina Fidélis , Bikangui Rodrigue , Nguiffo-Nguete Daniel , Nkemngo Francis N. , Agonhossou Romuald , Akoton Romaric , Mbama Ntabi Jacques Dollon , Lissom Abel , Ntoumi Francine , Wondji Charles S. , Kremsner Peter G. , Mordmüller Benjamin , Borrmann Steffen , Adegnika Ayôla A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Insecticides are a crucial component of vector control. However, resistance constitute a threat on their efficacy and the gains obtained over the years through malaria vector control. In Gabon, little data on phenotypic insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors are published, compromising the rational implementation of resistance management strategies. We assessed the susceptibility to pyrethroids, carbamates and organophosphates of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and discuss the mechanisms involved in the pyrethroid resistance-phenotype.

Methods

A. gambiae s.l. larvae were collected from breeding sites in Lambaréné. Emerging adults were used in WHO tube assays at an insecticide concentration that defines resistance (diagnostic concentration). Subsequently, deltamethrin and permethrin were used at 5x and 10x diagnostic concentrations and after preexposure with the cytochrome p450 (and glutathione S-transferase) inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO). A subset of mosquitoes was typed by molecular methods and screened using Taqman assays for mutations conferring target site resistance at the Voltage-gated sodium channel 1014 (Vgsc-1014) locus and the acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1) gene.

Results

All mosquitoes were A. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and resistant to permethrin, deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin (mortality less than 98%). However, mosquitoes were susceptible to malathion but resistant to bendiocarb. The level of resistance was high for permethrin and at least moderate for deltamethrin. Pre-exposure to PBO significantly increased the mortality of resistant mosquitoes (P < 0.0001). They became fully susceptible to deltamethrin and permethrin-induced mortality increased 4-fold. The G119S Ace-1 resistance allele, which confers resistance to both organophosphates and carbamates, was not present. All sampled mosquitoes were either homozygous for the Vgsc-L1014F or heterozygous for Vgsc-L1014F/L1014S, a marker for resistance to pyrethroids and organochlorides.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate a role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the pyrethroid-resistance of A. gambiae s.s. from Lambaréné. Combining PBO with pyrethroids, as done in second generation bednets, may be used to revert resistance. In addition, malathion could also be used in combination with pyrethroids-based methods for resistance management.
The gap between the need for parental support and support provided during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study with first-time mothers’ experiences
Authors: Appelgren Engström Heléne , Golsäter Marie , Harder Maria
Published: October 2024

Background

Becoming a parent can be challenging. Becoming a parent for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic might pose additional challenges, as the pandemic has imposed restrictions on society, thus affecting parental support. There were changes in parental support from child health services and preschools available for all children and their parents, so called open preschools, have been closed. This study explored first-time parents’ experiences of the parental support they received during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A qualitative study involving individual semi-structured interviews with nine first-time mothers who had been on parental leave during the pandemic was conducted. Data were analyzed with inductive content analysis and the results are presented in a main category with three generic categories.

Results

The main category is entitled, A gap between the needs of parental support and the support provided, and it encompasses three generic categories: The first category, Formal support, refers to support from child health nurses and open preschools. The second category, Lack of formal support, encompasses the lack of person-centred support and lack of parental groups. The third category, Informal support, encompasses support from family, friends, and social media.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that under the restrictions imposed by the pandemic, first-time mothers expressed the need for person-centred support to both parents which will ensure that all parents get the support they expect and need. The participants also expressed a desire for adapted parental groups that are feasible despite the restrictions to allow them to connect with other parents and build networks.
Individual and organizational interventions to reduce burnout in resident physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kiratipaisarl Wuttipat , Surawattanasakul Vithawat , Sirikul Wachiranun
Published: October 2024

Background

Burnout among resident physicians during training has been prevalent, prompting training centers to introduce interventions at the individual or organizational level. However, empirical evidence is crucial before implementing such programs in practice.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of individual and organizational interventions in reducing burnout among resident physicians. Searching was done across five databases—PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Cochrane Library from 1 December 2023 to 26 August 2024. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used for our reporting of study selection process. Eligibility criteria were randomized or non-randomized designs, with prospective intervention, with a comparator group focused on individual or organizational interventions reducing burnout, in any language and publication date. The Maslach Burnout Inventory scores for emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA) were the three outcome measures. Two investigators independently extracted the data. The risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) and non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I). Cohen’s d and heterogeneity was estimated using a random-effects DerSimonian-Laird model and visualized by forest plots. Sensitivity analyses were carried out by leave-one-out meta-analysis.

Results

We identified 33 eligible studies (n = 2536), comprising 25 (75.8%) individual intervention studies and 8 (24.2%) organizational intervention studies. Cohen’s d for individual intervention versus control were as follows: EE -0.25 (95% CI -0.40 to -0.11, p < 0.01, I2 = 49.3%), and DP -0.17 (95% CI -0.32 to -0.03, p = 0.02, I2 = 50.0%). The organizational intervention showed no significant association with any domain. Sensitivity analyses were robust in all outcomes, with differences in intervention description and design identified as potential contributors to heterogeneity.

Conclusions

Various interventions, including individual coaching, meditation, and organization interventions, have been implemented to improve resident burnout. The effectiveness of intervention demonstrated none to small practical significance in improving burnout. Data inconsistency and high risk of bias across studies limited the validity of the pooled results. Further studies should focus on a combined approach.

Registration

The study was registered on PROSPERO, under PROSPERO registration number CRD42022349698.
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of infraoccluded deciduous teeth: a systematic review
Authors: Temming Teresa , Waldmann Susanne , Jablonski-Momeni Anahita , Korbmacher-Steiner Heike
Published: October 2024

Background

Infraocclusion of deciduous teeth is a frequent dental anomaly caused by ankylosis accompanied by local growth disturbance. During puberal growth spurt an increasing progression of infraocclusion is detected. The clinical classification of ankylosed deciduous teeth varies considerably among scientific studies. The aim of this paper is to present an up-to-date overview of the variety of methods.

Methods

The systematic literature search followed the PRISMA guidelines and included the analysis of the following databases and study registries: PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase.com and ClinicalTrials.gov from database inception until September 23, 2024. Studies that investigated at least one ankylosed deciduous tooth per participant in a quantitative or qualitative manner were included. Studies that evaluated only histological data were excluded. Controlled and uncontrolled clinical studies, retrospective studies, observational studies and cross-sectional studies were included. The studies were restricted to English and German languages. Case reports, case series, comments, expert opinions, letters to the editor, literature reviews and studies enrolling less than 10 patients or 10 infraoccluded teeth in total were excluded.

Results

Of 5645 records, 42 papers qualified for the final analysis. The evaluation of infraoccluded deciduous teeth was mainly (n = 37) performed by quantitative and semiquantitative assessment of the extent of infraposition at the occlusal level. The measurement reference differed considerably. Fewer studies have analyzed ankylosed deciduous teeth at the alveolar level by examining the contour of the alveolar ridge (n = 7) or the height of the alveolar process (n = 5). Even fewer studies (n = 4) have performed qualitative analysis at the skeletal level by evaluating the influence of the vertical skeletal growth pattern on the incidence of ankylosed deciduous teeth.

Conclusions

To carry out a comprehensive evaluation of infraoccluded deciduous teeth, an assessment of the occlusal, alveolar and potentially skeletal levels is advisable. Radiographic investigations i.e. panoramic radiographs are therefore essential as a supplement to clinical examination. There is a need for standardization and objectification of the methods for the classification of infraoccluded deciduous teeth to give a general recommendation of clinical performance.

Registration

This systematic review has been registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number: CRD42024555842.
Optimization of a rapid, sensitive, and high throughput molecular sensor to measure canola protoplast respiratory metabolism as a means of screening nanomaterial cytotoxicity
Authors: Osmani Zhila , Islam Muhammad Amirul , Wang Feng , Meira Sabrina Rodrigues , Kulka Marianna
Published: October 2024

Nanomaterial-mediated plant genetic engineering holds promise for developing new crop cultivars but can be hindered by nanomaterial toxicity to protoplasts. We present a fast, high-throughput method for assessing protoplast viability using resazurin, a non-toxic dye converted to highly fluorescent resorufin during respiration. Protoplasts isolated from hypocotyl canola (Brassica napus L.) were evaluated at varying temperatures (4, 10, 20, 30 ˚C) and time intervals (1–24 h). Optimal conditions for detecting protoplast viability were identified as 20,000 cells incubated with 40 µM resazurin at room temperature for 3 h. The assay was applied to evaluate the cytotoxicity of silver nanospheres, silica nanospheres, cholesteryl-butyrate nanoemulsion, and lipid nanoparticles. The cholesteryl-butyrate nanoemulsion and lipid nanoparticles exhibited toxicity across all tested concentrations (5-500 ng/ml), except at 5 ng/ml. Silver nanospheres were toxic across all tested concentrations (5-500 ng/ml) and sizes (20–100 nm), except for the larger size (100 nm) at 5 ng/ml. Silica nanospheres showed no toxicity at 5 ng/ml across all tested sizes (12–230 nm). Our results highlight that nanoparticle size and concentration significantly impact protoplast toxicity. Overall, the results showed that the resazurin assay is a precise, rapid, and scalable tool for screening nanomaterial cytotoxicity, enabling more accurate evaluations before using nanomaterials in genetic engineering.
Effect of therapeutic plasma exchange on tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in septic shock
Authors: Stahl Klaus , Lehner Georg F. , Wendel-Garcia Pedro David , Seeliger Benjamin , Pape Thorben , Schmidt Bernhard M. W. , Schenk Heiko , Schmitt Julius , Sauer Andrea , Wild Lennart , Peukert Konrad , Putensen Christian , Bode Christian , Joannidis Michael , David Sascha
Published: October 2024

Background

Coagulopathy is part of the pathological host response to infection in sepsis. Higher plasma concentrations of both tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) are associated with occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multi-organ dysfunction and increased mortality in patients with sepsis. Currently no treatment approaches specifically targeting this axis are available. We hypothesize that therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) might limit this coagulopathy by restoring the balance of plasma proteins.

Methods

This was a pooled post-hoc biobank analysis including 51 patients with early (shock onset < 24 h) and severe (norepinephrine dose > 0.4 μg/kg/min) septic shock, who were either receiving standard of care treatment (SOC, n = 14) or SOC + one single TPE (n = 37). Plasma concentrations of TF and TFPI were measured both at- and 6 h after study inclusion. The effect of TPE on concentrations of TF and TFPI was investigated and compared to SOC patients. Further, baseline TF and TFPI concentrations were used to modulate and predict clinical response to adjunctive TPE, indicated by longitudinal reduction of lactate concentrations over the first 24 h following study inclusion.

Results

TPE led to a significant reduction in circulating concentrations of both TF and TFPI while no difference was observed in the SOC group. Relative change of TF within 6 h was + 14 (-0.8 to + 30.4) % (p = 0.089) in the SOC and −18.3 (−32.6 to −2.2) % (p < 0.001) in the TPE group (between group p < 0.001). Similarly, relative change of TFPI was + 14.4 (−2.3 to + 30.9) % (p = 0.076) in the SOC and −20 (−32.8 to −7.9) % (p < 0.001) in the TPE group (between group p = 0.022). The ratio of TF to TFPI remained unchanged in both SOC and TPE groups. SOC patients exhibited an increase in lactate over the initial 24 h when TF and TFPI concentrations were higher at baseline. In contrast, patients undergoing TPE experienced a sustained longitudinal reduction of lactate concentrations across all levels of baseline TF and TFPI elevations. In a multivariate mixed−effects model, higher baseline TF (p = 0.003) and TFPI (p = 0.053) levels led to greater longitudinal lactate concentration reduction effects in the TPE group.

Conclusions

Adjunctive TPE in septic shock is associated with a significant removal of both TF and TFPI, which may contribute to the early hemodynamic improvement observed in septic shock patients receiving TPE. Higher baseline TF (and TFPI) plasma concentrations were identified as a putative predictor of treatment response that could be useful for predictive enrichment strategies in future clinical trials.
Characterization of gut microbiota dynamics in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model through clade-specific marker-based analysis of shotgun metagenomic data
Authors: Favero Francesco , Re Angela , Dason Mohammed Salim , Gravina Teresa , Gagliardi Mara , Mellai Marta , Corazzari Marco , Corà Davide
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder significantly impairing cognitive faculties, memory, and physical abilities. To characterize the modulation of the gut microbiota in an in vivo AD model, we performed shotgun metagenomics sequencing on 3xTgAD mice at key time points (i.e., 2, 6, and 12 months) of AD progression. Fecal samples from both 3xTgAD and wild-type mice were collected, DNA extracted, and sequenced. Quantitative taxon abundance assessment using MetaPhlAn 4 ensured precise microbial community representation. The analysis focused on species-level genome bins (SGBs) including both known and unknown SGBs (kSGBs and uSGBs, respectively) and also comprised higher taxonomic categories such as family-level genome bins (FGBs), class-level genome bins (CGBs), and order-level genome bins (OGBs). Our bioinformatic results pinpointed the presence of extensive gut microbial diversity in AD mice and showed that the largest proportion of AD- and aging-associated microbiome changes in 3xTgAD mice concern SGBs that belong to the Bacteroidota and Firmicutes phyla, along with a large set of uncharacterized SGBs. Our findings emphasize the need for further advanced bioinformatic studies for accurate classification and functional analysis of these elusive microbial species in relation to their potential bridging role in the gut-brain axis and AD pathogenesis.
A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for assessing the damage degree of cultural relics based on an improved AHP-EWM coupled weight model and a modified ridge function
Authors: Guo Anqi , He Peiling , Min Qing , Xu Shuqiang
Published: October 2024

Due to long-term exposure to outdoor environments, stone artifacts exhibit complex and varying degrees of disease that need to be conserved urgently in order to perpetuate their historical, artistic and scientific values. Owing to the varying degrees of damage inflicted upon cultural relics, discrepancies exist in intervention strategies and conservation materials employed. Hence, it is considerably crucial to conduct a scientific and precise assessment of the preservation status of cultural relics at an early stage for the advancement of cultural relic conservation efforts. In this research, three masonry components of the Hailongtun Fortress site were selected as study objects. A secondary fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system was established through selecting a total of 12 indicators from four aspects, namely, surface change, rock mass structure, physical properties and matrix weathering. The weight of each indicator was determined by using an improved AHP-EWM weight coupling model. The membership degree was calculated by selecting a modified ridge function. The asymmetric nearness method was employed in the final decision-making process so as to correct the error caused by the principle of maximum membership degree. The research shows that the results of the improved evaluation method are in line with the real damage degree of each masonry component, which provides a scientific and quantitative basis for determining the priority of the conservation of masonry components in the Hailongtun Fortress Site. This method is also a reference for carrying out the disease assessment and conservation of other types of cultural relics.
Icariin is a potential neurodegenerative candidate against ammonia–glutamate excitotoxicity–oxidative stress pathway
Authors: Zahra Mai M. , Ali Elham H. A. , Sabry Hend A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a pathological state characterized by the abrupt or chronic failure of the liver. This study intends to conduct a comparative analysis of potential benefits of icariin (ICA), a primary component of flavonoids found in the Chinese medicinal plant Epimedium, with silymarin (SLY) as a hepatic and brain support agent in a model of HE rats, focusing on assessment of the behavioral and biochemical effects. Thioacetamide (TAA) was given intraperitoneally to rats at a dosage of 200 mg/kg on three separate days to induce HE. Oral gavage of silymarin or ICA (100 mg/kg) was given daily for 14 days following HE induction. All rats underwent behavioral assessments (open field and Y maze). Estimates were made for hepatic functions and brain cortex oxidative stress indicators as well as cytochrome c and caspase-3.

Results

The findings demonstrated that the administration of ICA to rodents with HE induced by TAA led to a recovery of hepatic enzymes activities and behavioral adjustments as shown by an improvement in locomotor and memory functions. Furthermore, Icariin demonstrated a reduction in cortex biochemical indicators through the amelioration of hyperammonemia and enhancement of antioxidant status. This was achieved by reducing malondialdehyde, calcium, nitric oxide contents and downregulating lactate dehydrogenase activities. In addition, ICA maintains alteration of glutamate and glutamine contents.

Conclusion

ICA suggested to possess the capacity to serve as a beneficial hepatotherapeutic and neurotherapeutic adjunct in brain disorders associated with hyperammonemia–glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Comparative mitochondrial genomics of Thelebolaceae in Antarctica: insights into their extremophilic adaptations and evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Mi Zechen , Su Jing , Yu Liyan , Zhang Tao
Published: October 2024

Species of Antarctomyces and Thelebolus (Thelebolaceae), primarily found in Antarctic environments, exhibit psychrophilic adaptations, yet their mitochondrial genomes have not been extensively studied. Furthermore, few studies have compared the mitochondrial genomes of psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, and mesophilic fungi. After successful sequencing and assembly, this study annotated the mitochondrial genomes of Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus CPCC 401038 and Thelebolus microsporus CPCC 401041. We also performed a comparative analysis with the previously characterized mitochondrial genomes of psychrotrophic and mesophilic fungi. The analysis revealed that nad4L was the most conserved gene across the mitochondrial genomes, characterized by its synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates (Ks and Ka), genetic distance, and GC content and skew within the protein-coding genes (PCGs). Additionally, the mitochondrial genomes of psychrophilic and psychrotrophic fungi showed a higher proportion of protein-coding regions and a lower GC content compared to those of mesophilic fungi, underscoring the genetic basis of cold adaptation. Phylogenetic analyses based on these mitochondrial genes also confirmed the phylogenetic relationships of Thelebolaceae in the class Leotiomycetes. These findings advance our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary dynamics within the family Thelebolaceae, highlighting how different environmental temperatures influence fungal mitochondrial genomic structure and adaptation.
Financial Technology Adoption: Network Externalities of Cashless Payments in Mexico
Authors: Higgins Sean
Published: October 2024

Do coordination failures constrain financial technology adoption? Exploiting the Mexican government’s rollout of 1 million debit cards to poor households from 2009 to 2012, I examine responses on both sides of the market and find important spillovers and distributional impacts. On the supply side, small retail firms adopted point-of-sale terminals to accept card payments. On the demand side, this led to a 21 percent increase in other consumers’ card adoption. The supply-side technology adoption response had positive effects on both richer consumers and small retail firms: richer consumers shifted 13 percent of their supermarket consumption to small retailers, whose sales and profits increased. (JEL E42, L25, L81, O14, O33)
Generalized Social Marginal Welfare Weights Imply Inconsistent Comparisons of Tax Policies
Authors: Sher Itai
Published: October 2024

This paper concerns Saez and Stantcheva’s (2016) generalized social marginal welfare weights, which aggregate losses and gains due to tax policies while incorporating nonutilitarian ethical considerations. The approach evaluates local tax changes without a global social objective. I show that local tax policy comparisons implicitly entail global comparisons. Moreover, whenever welfare weights do not have a utilitarian structure, these implied global comparisons are inconsistent. I argue that broader ethical values cannot in general be represented simply by modifying the weights placed on benefits to different people, and a more thoroughgoing modification of the utilitarian approach is required. (JEL D60, D63, D71, H21, H23, I31)
Merchants of Death: The Effect of Credit Supply Shocks on Hospital Outcomes
Authors: Aghamolla Cyrus , Karaca-Mandic Pinar , Li Xuelin , Thakor Richard T.
Published: October 2024

This study examines the link between credit supply and hospital health outcomes. We use bank stress tests as exogenous shocks to credit access for hospitals that have lending relationships with tested banks. We find that affected hospitals shift their operations to increase resource utilization following a negative credit shock but reduce the quality of their care to patients across a variety of measures, including a significant increase in risk-adjusted readmission and mortality rates. The results indicate that access to credit can affect the quality of health care hospitals deliver, pointing to important spillover effects of credit market frictions on health outcomes. (JEL G21, G32, I11, I18)
Micro Risks and (Robust) Pareto-Improving Policies
Authors: Aguiar Mark , Amador Manuel , Arellano Cristina
Published: October 2024

We provide conditions for the feasibility of robust Pareto-improving (RPI) policies when markets are incomplete and the interest rate is below the growth rate. We allow for arbitrary heterogeneity in preferences and income risk and a wedge between the return to capital and bonds. An RPI improves risk sharing and can induce a more efficient level of capital. Elasticities of aggregate savings to changes in interest rates are the crucial ingredients to the feasibility of RPIs. Government debt may complement rather than substitute for capital in an RPI. Our analysis emphasizes the welfare-improving qualities of government bonds versus explicit redistribution. (JEL D52, E43, E62, H20, H63)
Quality Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Taste Projection in Markets with Observational Learning
Authors: Gagnon-Bartsch Tristan , Rosato Antonio
Published: October 2024

We study how misperceptions of others’ tastes influence beliefs, demand, and prices in markets with observational learning. Consumers infer a good’s quality from the quantity demanded and price paid by others. When consumers exaggerate the similarity between their and others’ tastes, such “taste projection” generates discrepant quality perceptions, which are decreasing in a projector’s taste and increasing in the observed price. These biased inferences produce an excessively elastic market demand. We also analyze dynamic monopoly pricing with short-lived taste-projecting consumers. Optimal pricing follows a declining path: a high initial price inflates future buyers’ perceptions, and lower subsequent prices induce overadoption. (JEL D42, D83, D91, L15)
Development of bioconjugate-based delivery systems for nucleic acids
Authors: Wahane Aniket , Kasina Vishal , Pathuri Mounika , Marro-Wilson Ciara , Gupta Anisha , Slack Frank J. , Bahal Raman
Published: October 2024

Nucleic acids are a class of drugs that can modulate gene and protein expression by various mechanisms, namely, RNAi, mRNA degradation by RNase H cleavage, splice modulation, and steric blocking of protein binding or mRNA translation, thus exhibiting immense potential to treat various genetic and rare diseases. Unlike protein-targeted therapeutics, the clinical use of nucleic acids relies on Watson–Crick sequence recognition to regulate aberrant gene expression and impede protein translation. Though promising, targeted delivery remains a bottleneck for the clinical adoption of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. To overcome the delivery challenges associated with nucleic acids, various chemical modifications and bioconjugation-based delivery strategies have been explored. Currently, liver targeting byN-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) conjugation has been at the forefront for the treatment of rare and various metabolic diseases, which has led to FDA approval of four nucleic acid drugs. In addition, various other bioconjugation strategies have been explored to facilitate active organ and cell-enriched targeting. This review briefly covers the different classes of nucleic acids, their mechanisms of action, and their challenges. We also elaborate on recent advances in bioconjugation strategies in developing a diverse set of ligands for targeted delivery of nucleic acid drugs.
The Triumph of Soft Law in the Financial Sector: Can Non-binding Law Have Binding Domestic Legal Effects?
Authors: Tammer Siim
Published: October 2024

Examining the seemingly simple question of whether guidelines in the financial sector are mandatory reveals a highly complex landscape for supervision of the financial sector across the European Union, where international and national financial law enter collision and the participants come to the table with differing mandates/expectations. The article addresses the results, with focus on banking regulation, wherein the European Banking Authority and, in Estonia, the Financial Supervision and Resolution Authority are among the main guideline-issuers. The balance achieved is critical because the fines that the supervisory and resolution authorities can impose on banks for non-compliance with mandatory rules can reach 10% of these entities’ total annual net turnover from the preceding business year. An effort to consider all of the relevant factors for understanding which side of the mandatory/advisory line the guidelines stand on, the article constitutes an attempt to initiate vital discussion of the environment created in the financial sector for soft law (i.e., guidelines), which may under certain circumstances take on a larger role than that soft law’s legal nature allows.
A DUPLA CLASSE DE AÇÕES E SUA IMPLICAÇÃO PARA ESTRUTURA DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v85p127
Authors: do Couto Santos Gilberto , da Silva Neto Orlando Celso
Published: October 2024

Este artigo visa compreender as implicações da dupla classe de ações para a estrutura de uma organização, sobre o mercado e o negócio. Ao longo do tempo, um conflito vem se concentrando na dicotomia entre adotar posturas de governança corporativa, com fundamento nas políticas de ESG, e, o desejo da captação de capital junto ao mercado, considerando os interesses dos investidores, frente ao foco do controlador de manter o poder sobre o negócio. Assim, o artigo analisa as implicações da dupla classe de ações sob a perspectiva das teorias corporativas e suas premissas, ao mesmo tempo que observa as relações da voz do investidor, seja para manter-se, seja para sair do negócio. Discute as regulamentações surgidas ao longo do tempo acerca da dupla classe de ações, inclusive legislações recentes. E, então, discutir a maximização de valor ao acionista frente a dupla classe de ações e a percepção do mercado frente a adoção do modelo de classes. Portanto, a discussão acerca do tema ainda está longe de uma congruência, mas já acende a discussão da importância das empresas para a sociedade, sua participação para construir uma sociedade engajada e, portanto, como as empresas sinalizam ao mercado suas intenções de controle que equilibrem(alinhem) o poder e a maximização de valor ao acionista e de mercado.
STATE GUARANTEES FOR THE SAFETY OF OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS INSTALLATIONS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND IMMIGRATION LAW - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v85p201
Authors: Ponco Aji Koesmoyo , Fauzan Riyadi Sayed , Ginting Jamin , Soelistyo Budi Henry , Rizki Wiraputra Anindito
Published: October 2024

Offshore oil and gas installations are independent structures that are vulnerable to disturbances and threats. Like ships, offshore oil and gas installations also have national flags and legal instruments that protect them. Under international law, offshore oil and gas installations are protected by the Rome Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Situated on the Continental Shelf 1988. It is noted that there have been several incidents of disturbances and threats that have occurred at offshore oil and gas installations around the world. Some events are well recorded and known to the public, while some events are not public consumption. So far, offshore oil and gas installation operators have received legal guarantees for the security of their installations both on the high seas and in the sea territory of a country based on international law, territorial law and the inherent law according to the citizenship of the offshore oil and gas installation. Through this paper, the author aims to explain the potential threats and disturbances at offshore oil and gas installations and concrete examples of events that have occurred. Another aim is to explain how international legal instruments and immigration law protect offshore oil and gas installations from these threats and disturbances. Through normative legal research, this paper describes a series of threats and disturbances and the international and national laws that have emerged to protect them and their application in the field.
A IDENTIDADE COMO DIREITO DA PERSONALIDADE: O REGULAMENTO DISCIPLINAR DA ASSOCIAÇÃO DE PROTEÇÃO E ASSISTÊNCIA AOS CONDENADOS (APAC) E A DESPERSONALIZAÇÃO DO SUJEITO ENCARCERADO - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v85p245
Authors: Candido e Silva Luís Gustavo , Noronha de Ávila Gustavo
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo procura abordar o fenômeno da Associação de Proteção e Assistência aos Condenados (APAC), conferindo um enfoque especial para o estudo de seu regimento disciplinar. A referida associação, será apresentada no trabalho como uma espécie de instituição prisional autogovernada, criada com o objetivo de reestruturar o cenário carcerário brasileiro. Com isso, se tem que o objetivo geral da pesquisa resume-se em uma análise acerca da possibilidade do regimento disciplinar do sistema APAC acabar violando o direito à identidade dos apenados, analisado neste trabalho com um direito da personalidade. Assim, como pergunta de pesquisa, procura-se analisar se o regimento disciplinar do sistema APAC, em razão de suas sanções disciplinares, pode se apresentar como um instrumento de despersonalização do sujeito encarcerado, violando o direito personalíssimo à identidade dos indivíduos que cumprem pena nos estabelecimentos prisionais desenhados pela associação. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, fora utilizado o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo e as técnicas de procedimento da pesquisa bibliográfica e da pesquisa documental. Como conclusão da pesquisa, tem-se que o direito à identidade dos encarcerados, compreendido no trabalho como um direito da personalidade, pode ser violado pelas sanções disciplinares particulares dispostas no regimento disciplinar do sistema APAC.
ECO-TRIBUTAÇÃO E A ECONOMIA DO MEIO AMBIENTE: UMA ANÁLISE À LUZ DA TEORIA DOS SISTEMAS DE NIKLAS LUHMANN - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v85p265
Authors: Agle Fernandez Filho Luiz Augusto , Correia de Oliveira Jadson
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo analisa o uso da tributação como ferramenta apta à proteção ambiental. Inicialmente, busca-se compreender as possíveis contribuições do Direito (Tributário), sob o viés da “comunicação” intersistêmica e ecológica, a fim de promover o meio ambiente natural. Observa-se na extrafiscalidade a aptidão de direcionamento de condutas dos particulares para a consecução de fins almejados pelo Estado. A grande questão enfrentada decorre da possibilidade, ou não, da instituição de tributos que absorvam a complexidade ambiental, de maneira a abranger os códigos “lícito”, “sustentável” e “lucro”, compatibilizando- se respectivamente com o Direito, Ecologia e Economia. A análise recorreu à pesquisa bibliográfica e normativa, através do método lógico-dedutivo, e para a implementação desses instrumentos fiscais perpassa pela Teoria dos Sistemas de Niklas Luhmann. Ao final, demonstra-se a aptidão do tributo para fomentar a alteração de condutas poluidoras lícitas, porém indesejadas, como um acoplamento entre os sistemas econômico e jurídico.
SECULARISMO E INCLUSÃO SOCIAL: LAICIDADE COMO BASE PARA OS DIREITOS DA COMUNIDADE LGBTQIAPN+ - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v85p397
Authors: Flávio Dropa Romualdo
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho adota uma abordagem analítico- -descritiva para explorar como o princípio da laicidade influencia a garantia dos direitos da comunidade LGBTQIAPN+. O estudo propõe uma análise crítica de como a separação entre Estado e religião pode fortalecer os princípios de igualdade, respeito à diversidade e direitos individuais. Desde a influência histórica da Igreja Católica na política brasileira até a promulgação da Constituição de 1891, que estabeleceu oficialmente a separação entre Estado e igreja, o texto reflete sobre os desafios contemporâneos de manter um estado secular em uma sociedade plural. Destaca-se a relevância da laicidade não apenas como um mecanismo de neutralidade estatal, mas como um recurso essencial para a promoção de uma sociedade verdadeiramente inclusiva e justa para todos, incluindo a comunidade LGBTQIAPN+. O artigo conclui sublinhando a necessidade de um secularismo proativo que abrace a diversidade e assegure os direitos fundamentais de todos os cidadãos, independentemente de sua orientação sexual ou identidade de gênero.
O RECONHECIMENTO DO ESTADO DE CALAMIDADE FINANCEIRA MUNICIPAL NA LEI DE RESPONSABILIDADE FISCAL E A VIOLAÇÃO AO SISTEMA CONSTITUCIONAL DE CONTROLE EXTERNO - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v85p439
Authors: Marcos Godoy Sandro , Lima de Souza Carlos Alexandre
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo tem como estudo o instituto da declaração e o reconhecimento do estado de calamidade financeira municipal, a inserção em regime de afrouxamento ao cumprimento de regras orçamentárias nos termos do art. 65 da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. O estudo inicia com análise da gestão pública e o exercício da atividade financeira do Estado, com breve verificação histórica sobre a reforma na administração pública que redefiniu a gestão pública. Seguidamente, será avaliado o tema de controle da atividade financeiro do Estado no Brasil perlustrando o conceito, a legislação infraconstitucional e o tratamento outorgado pela Constituição Federal. Noutro momento, será debruçado estudo sobre a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal com análise pormenorizada do instituto da calamidade financeira no município prevista no art. 65 da LRF. Passa-se, em seguida, a verificar a incompetência outorgada por norma infraconstitucional das Assembleias Legislativas em reconhecer a calamidade financeira dos municípios com violação a dispositivos constitucionais. Finalmente, é verificado a ausência de normatização quanto aos critérios identificadores do estado calamitoso que pode resultar no uso desordenado do presente instituto. Para o estudo, utilizou-se do método dedutivo com ampla pesquisa exploratória bibliográfica em livros e revistas.
Neuroschistosomiasis in young Filipino patient presenting with seizure
Authors: Al Hussein Hussein Nemr , Alomari Dana , Al Nakhalah Sadi , Alfitori Gamal
Published: October 2024

Neuroschistosomiasis, a rare manifestation of schistosomiasis affecting the central nervous system (CNS), can result in severe neurological complications if not promptly diagnosed and treated. The condition arises due to the development of granulomas around eggs that become lodged within the CNS. Here we present a case report involving a young Filipino individual who had recurrent, uncontrolled seizures, ultimately attributed to neuroschistosomiasis. On magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the patient had brain lesions consistent with neuroschistosomiasis. Concurrently, serologic tests revealed high titres of anti-schistosoma antibodies. Effective treatment encompassed the administration of corticosteroids and praziquantel, leading to a favourable clinical outcome. This case underscores the necessity of considering neuroschistosomiasis in seizure patients, particularly in regions where the condition is prevalent, and highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic complexities posed by the absence of a biopsy.
Verbal feedback for written assessment: evaluating a novel feedback communication strategy
Authors: Singleton Gillian , Furber Christine
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims

Feedback plays a pivotal role in learning, but traditional written feedback often lack engagement and specificity, hindering learners' ability to effectively apply feedback. In midwifery education, the need for innovative feedback delivery mechanisms is pronounced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the integration of digital health technologies in feedback delivery in a midwifery programme.

Methods

A novel communication strategy was implemented in a midwifery programme in northwest England, where the benefits, challenges and future implications of leveraging digital health technologies for assessment feedback were assessed.

Results

Preferences were mixed, with 45.1% of learners favouring written feedback. Verbal feedback was perceived as more personal and motivating, and valued for its nuance, tone and ability to clarify complex points, although written feedback provided clearer, detailed information for future reference. Less experienced markers struggled with verbal feedback, while more experienced markers appreciated the quicker, more refreshing process. All markers found feedback templates helpful for ensuring equitable feedback.

Conclusions

This study scrutinised the significance of rethinking feedback delivery in midwifery education and indicates that digital health technologies present promising opportunities for reshaping the feedback landscape.

Implications for practice

Developing student confidence and competence in digital literacy remains a significant challenge. Higher education institutions can collaborate with healthcare providers to offer training in digital health technologies, helping midwives adapt to modern clinical environments.
Are educators and practising midwives working together to support the future workforce?
Authors: Divers Jo , Chenery-Morris Sam
Published: October 2024

This series of six articles is inspired by themes arising from the Royal College of Midwives' state of midwifery education report. The series explores the current landscape and challenges in educating the future midwifery workforce, particularly those that relate to the higher education workforce. This penultimate article examines the interplay between the practice and academic environments and the impact this has on both students and staff alike, particularly in the wake of changing standards for student supervision. The article explores whether the nature of being an educator in a health field such as midwifery is unique because of the need to support students through placement challenges when there are limitations on what higher education institutions can realistically influence. It also examines the ‘extra’ responsibilities put on midwifery education staff to support students by way of ‘academic assessor’ roles.
La regulación de la eutanasia y el derecho a la muerte con dignidad en el Perú a propósito del caso de Ana Estrada
Authors: Barturen Mondragón Eliana Maritza , Quezada Castro María del Pilar , Castro Arellano María del Pilar , Quezada Castro Guillermo Alexander
Published: October 2024

El presente artículo analiza la eutanasia desde la percepción del caso peruano que tiene como protagonista a la ciudadana Ana Estrada. Primero se realiza una introducción de la problemática en torno al tema. Luego pasaremos a comentar el caso de Ana Estrada y su lucha por lograr la declaración de su muerte con dignidad. Posteriormente, describiremos el derecho a la vida y el derecho a la muerte. Seguidamente, procederemos a describir la relación existente entre la eutanasia con el derecho a la libertad. Más adelante, identificamos la sanción penal que establece el Perú para la eutanasia y finalmente, explicaremos los protocolos médicos para practicar la eutanasia. Se utilizó el método de revisión de literatura, el cual permitió identificar los documentos pertinentes con el tema de investigación. Se consideró como bases de datos a Scopus, la cual fue seleccionada por la importancia que representa en la comunidad científica. Se concluyó que la muerte con dignidad es un derecho reconocido desde la jurisprudencia y que es debatible en el marco de la protección derivada en un Estado democrático.
Virtudes ecológicas y vegetarianismo: la ética de la alimentación desde la perspectiva de la bioética crítica
Authors: Rocha da Cunha Thiago , Beatriz Oliveira Dayana , Roberto Dhein Alexandre , Robson Girardi Dennys , Nicolás Biscioni Diego
Published: October 2024

Este ensayo analiza la relación entre el vegetarianismo y las virtudes ecológicas en medio de la crisis socioambiental global. Después de revisar la literatura sobre ética alimentaria vegetariana, y basándose en referencias de la Bioética Crítica, argumenta que el vegetarianismo puede considerarse una manifestación concreta de virtudes ecológicas. Destaca la necesidad de evitar visiones individualistas e idealistas de este enfoque, enfatizando la importancia de integrarlas en perspectivas críticas y transformadoras. Destaca la relevancia de abordar cuestiones como la instrumentalización de los discursos éticos y la persistencia de formas de colonialidad en el debate sobre el vegetarianismo. Concluye que el cultivo de virtudes ecológicas mediante la promoción de dietas vegetarianas puede desempeñar un papel significativo en la lucha contra la crisis socioambiental, siempre y cuando estas virtudes se incorporen en perspectivas críticas y politizadas que desafíen las dinámicas capitalistas y coloniales que operan en el régimen alimentario global.
Aspectos de la eficacia del contrato de maternidad subrogada respecto de las obligaciones de la madre sustituta durante el periodo de gestación
Authors: Garces Garces Hugo , Gaona García Diana Carolina
Published: October 2024

La maternidad se puede entender desde diferentes perspectivas; la historia da cuenta que madre no solamente es quien gesta y da a luz. En el caso del contrato de maternidad subrogada convergen las categorías de gestación e intención como génesis contractual de un vínculo filial que procura un lugar en el mundo jurídico. En el sistema legal colombiano no existe una reglamentación que permita una real seguridad jurídica a los sujetos intervinientes; para acoplar este acuerdo a la legislación, se debe asimilar su contenido a las diferentes categorías que conforman la teoría del contrato. En esta investigación a partir de los requisitos establecidos en materia de maternidad subrogada, en la sentencia constitucional T-968 de 2009 se pretende determinar si este tipo de convenios son legalmente eficaces y en consecuencia si las obligaciones son ejecutables. Se proponen algunas alternativas que brinden soluciones a los problemas jurídicos que se pueden suscitar en el cumplimiento de los acuerdos de maternidad, como la inscripción del niño en la Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil.
El derecho a disponer del embrión in vitro en la jurisprudencia del TEDH
Authors: Pino Ávila Alonso
Published: October 2024

El estudio de la jurisprudencia del TEDH muestra que existe un derecho a la autonomía reproductiva del que podemos deducir una serie de derechos: a generar embriones in vitro, a recurrir al diagnóstico genético preimplantacional para seleccionar hijos sin una enfermedad hereditaria, a revocar el consentimiento para la implantación de embriones y a destinarlos a la investigación científica.
Los límites jurídicos a los actos de disposición de células reproductoras
Authors: Cuadros Aguilera Pol
Published: October 2024

En el presente trabajo nos ocuparemos de examinar cuáles son los límites que el Derecho impone a la disposición de células reproductoras. Con esto pretendemos clarificar, por ejemplo, respecto a los óvulos, qué limites fija el Derecho a su movilidad; qué tipos de límites son esos; y qué razones justifican su imposición. El resultado de este examen permitirá presentar a las células reproductoras como un objeto que recibe un trato muy especial por parte del Derecho, cuya disposición, en consecuencia, está fuertemente intervenida y limitada.