bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Multi Hermite‐Gaussian MDM Based Passive Star ITU G.989.x Standardardized PON System
Authors: Kumari Meet
Published: December 2024

Passive optical network (PON) is one of the key enabling technologies to fulfill the latest exceptional bandwidth demand owing to an exponential rise of Internet data traffic induced by the expansion of bandwidth‐hungry applications services. The potential of using passive star topology for ITU‐T G.989.x standardardized next generation PON incorporating vertical cavity surface emitting laser input source, is proposed in this paper. Mode division multiplexing (MDM) technique employing Hermite‐Gaussian (HG10 and HG20) modes are used to enhance the channel capacity at bidirectional 80 Gbps traffic rate. By utilizing polarization mode dispersion (PMD) emulator, this proposed system is promising since it offers good tolerance ability of anti‐PMD, anti‐dispersion, suppression of nonlinear effects and high spectrum effectiveness at high‐speed transmission. Impressively, faithful 600 and 590 m range is obtained at HG10 and HG20 modes respectively, with clear eye patterns at bit error rate of 10−9 for 1596–1598.4 nm in downlink. In uplink, faithful 600 and 530–600 m distance is achieved for 1524–1526.4 nm at HG10 and HG20 respectively. For variable laser temperature, maximum tolerable temperature of 20°C for both modes in downlink and 20°C at HG10 as well as 14C at HG20 is observed in uplink, over 600 m range. Besides, the proposed design undergoes ∼1e‐30 at HG10 and ∼1e‐35 at HG20 coupling coefficients for linearly polarized (LP[0,1] to LP[−4,3]) modes. It is also analyzed that maximum 3.99 dB gain and 84.58 dB optical signal‐to‐noise ratio is obtained for the proposed scheme. This design does not suffer from shot, thermal and phase noise and offers optimum performance than existing systems.
Investigation on Anti‐Diarrheal and Antipyretic Activities of citrus maxima Seeds in Swiss Albino Mice Model
Authors: Ahsan Tanveer , Maria Nazratun Noor , Jasmin Ayesha Akter , Tahmida Umme , Singha Saurav
Published: December 2024

In the Rutaceae family Citrus maxima is the biggest among all fruits, tradtionally used for several purposes due to its diverse ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological activities. Different portions of this plant have been used as sedatives and anti‐inflammatory medications, as well as to treat coughs, fevers, asthma, diarrhea, ulcers, and diabetes. There is a scientific potential for the methanolic seed extract to contain bioactive compounds, similar to those found in other parts of the plant. The extract derived from the seeds has already demonstrated potential biological activity. Moreover, there weren't many in vivo and in vitro research works on these plants' seeds. Therefore, the current research work was undertaken to analyze anti‐diarrheal and antipyretic potentials of the methanolic extract of Citrus maxima seeds (MCM). To evaluate MCM's effectiveness in treating diarrhea, castor oil‐induced diarrhea model was utilized as an evaluating method. The antipyretic effect in mice was measured using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia model. The MCM at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses markedly reduced hyperpyrexia, induced by yeast. The effect remained persistent up to 4th hour after administration. In the castor oil induced diarrhea model, the methanolic seed extract showed high level of dose dependent inhibition of diarrhea for 4 h following castor oil administration. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate and clarify the specific causative agents responsible for the dose‐dependent effects observed. The findings of the present study suggest that MCM seed extract may represent a promising alternative for the development of innovative anti‐diarrheal and anti‐pyretic compounds.
The Burden of Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Across the United Kingdom: Results From a National Snapshot Study
Authors: Williamson Andrew , Lim Alison E. , Green Freddie , Lee Ying Ki , Li Lucy , Moen Christy , Vasanthan Rishi , Wharf Olivia , Wong Jeremy , Paleri Vinidh
Published: December 2024

Background

To investigate the management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rHNSCC) and describe survival outcomes.

Methods

Post hoc subgroup analysis of a retrospective national observational cohort was conducted. All patients with rHNSCC who received a definitive treatment decision between September 1, 2021 and November 30, 2021 were included. Survival analysis was stratified according to subsite, primary versus recurrent disease, and surgical versus nonsurgical treatment.

Results

Data from 202 rHNSCC patients were derived from a cohort of 1488 patients submitted by 50 UK centers. Median age was 66 years (IQR 58–74), and 142 (70.3%) were male. The most common recurrence subsites were oropharynx (20.5%), oral cavity (19.5%), larynx (16.4%), and hypopharynx (14.9%). Ninety‐three (48.4%) were managed curatively. Surgery was the most common treatment for laryngeal (59.4%), oral cavity (60.5%), hypopharyngeal (44.8%), and oropharyngeal (37.5%) cancers. Two‐year overall (OS), disease‐free (DFS), disease‐specific (DSS), and local recurrence free survival (LRFS) were 41.1%, 39.1%, 42.2%, and 39.3%, respectively. rHNSCC treated with surgery had improved OS (p = 0.0005), DFS (p = 0.012), DSS (p = 0.0003), and LRFS (p = 0.007), over nonsurgical treatments. Compared to primary cancers, rHNSCC presents with more advanced T stage (p < 0.001) and distant metastasis (p < 0.001), receives less curative treatment (p < 0.001), and has worse survival outcomes (all p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, salvage surgery, radiotherapy, and p16 status were independent prognostic factors of all survival outcomes.

Conclusions

Recurrent HNSCC is associated with high rates of incurable disease and worse survival than primary cancers. Surgery remains the most common curative treatment in rHNSCC, however future studies are necessary to improve patient selection and optimize outcomes following salvage treatment.
Long‐Term Complications in Patient‐Specific Plates for Maxillary Reconstruction
Authors: Trott Skylar , Yang Sara , Morton Zoey , Sautter Mackenzie , Young Gavin , Hoffman Alexandra , Petrisor Daniel , Chandra Srinivasa R. , Wax Mark K.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Virtual surgical planning (VSP) allows for optimal reconstruction of maxillary defects with fibula free flaps. Current data are limited regarding long‐term complications of patient‐specific plates (PSPs) in this setting. Our objective was to determine long‐term complications of PSPs in maxillary reconstruction using fibula free flaps.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing maxillary reconstruction with a fibula free flap and PSP between January 2010 to July 2022. The primary outcomes were plate‐related complications, which were defined as plate exposure, fracture, removal or evidence of loose screws. Secondary outcomes were wound infection, nonunion, or flap failure.

Results

A total of 39 patients underwent fibular reconstruction of maxillary defects using PSP. The average age was 56 years, with 56% of patients being female. There were 14 (35.8%) patients with plate‐related complications, 10 (25.6%) underwent plate removal, 12 (30.8%) developed exposed hardware, 2 (5.1%) had loose screws, and none had a plate fracture. The average time to plate removal was 2.76 ± 1.94 years. With regard to age, sex, tobacco or alcohol use, diabetes, hypothyroidism, preoperative radiation therapy, number of fibula segments, type of cancer, postoperative radiation therapy, or whether the patient underwent orodental rehabilitation, there were no significant differences between patients who did and did not experience plate complications.

Conclusions

VSP allows for patient‐specific reconstruction of maxillary defects with a fibula free flap that remains stable in the majority of patients. In the long term, up to 25% of patients may require plate removal, but the reconstruction remains stable.

Level of Evidence

Level 4.
The Efficacy of Liquid Biopsy of Total cfDNA for Predicting Systemic Metastasis in Japanese Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Uchibori Masahiro , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Hoshimoto Yasutaka , Sasaki Masashi , Aoki Takayuki , Tajima Atsushi , Ota Yoshihide , Kimura Minoru
Published: December 2024

Background

The use of liquid biopsy of total cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) to identify otherwise undetectable cancers has attracted interest; however, its efficacy remains unknown. We explored whether analysis using total cfDNA is efficacious for Japanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

We collected total cfDNA from nine patients with OSCC preoperatively, 1 month postoperatively, and every 3 months thereafter to analyze this association. We used a target DNA sequence for genetic mutation analysis of tumor tissues collected from 33 patients, including the aforementioned nine patients.

Results

Patients with good disease control showed negligible changes in preoperative and postoperative total cfDNA concentrations. A rapid increase in total cfDNA concentration was observed in patients who developed systemic metastases. Patients whose tumor tissue DNA showed genetic mutations had the same mutations in preoperative circulating tumor DNA.

Conclusions

Our data suggested that analyzing total cfDNA is efficacious for patients with OSCC.
Association between gestational age and severe maternal morbidity in preterm delivery: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Marquet Manon , Fabre Cyprien , Pauly Vanessa , Orleans Véronica , Boyer Laurent , Blanc Julie
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study investigates whether early gestational age (GA) at delivery is associated with an increased risk for severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in women with preterm delivery.

Methods

This retrospective national cohort study based on the Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information database included mothers who gave birth between 22 and 37 weeks in metropolitan France in 2019 (in utero deaths and medical terminations of pregnancies were excluded). SMM was defined as a composite criterion consisting of the occurrence of at least one of the following events: death, severe preeclampsia, obstetric surgical complications, severe maternal diseases, and admission to the intensive care unit. The association between GA as a categorical variable (22–24 weeks, 24–26 weeks, 26–28 weeks, 28–32 weeks, 32–34 weeks, and >34 weeks) and SMM was assessed by performing multivariate logistic regressions. Interaction tests were performed to identify factors that might influence the association between SMM and GA.

Results

Among the 42 821 women who gave birth prematurely in metropolitan France in 2019 (6.2% of all parturients), 6249 (1.6%) presented with an SMM event (mostly severe preeclampsia, at 74.3%). GA was associated with SMM (adjusted odds ratio ranging from 1.83 between 32 and 34 weeks to 2.67 between 22 and 24 weeks compared to the reference group of 34–37 weeks, P < 0.001). The evolution of the risk of SMM according to GA appeared linear.

Conclusion

Early GA at delivery was associated with an increased risk of SMM in women with preterm delivery. This study showed that SMM is also increased in cases of spontaneous prematurity and vaginal delivery.
Heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents: Evaluation of diagnostic indicators and treatment preferences
Authors: Goker Elif Tugce Aydin , Kizilkan Melis Pehlivanturk , Ersan Fatma Gul , Akgul Sinem , Aksu Tekin , Aytac Selin , Derman Orhan , Teksam Ozlem
Published: December 2024

Objective

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a significant health concern that may lead to critical medical care and impaired quality of life. The aim of the present study was to identify the clinical indicators of common causes of HMB in adolescents and evaluate the factors influencing the treatment preferences of clinicians.

Methods

Between 2010 and 2022, the electronic medical records of adolescents between the ages of 10–18 with HMB were reviewed, and a final of 205 adolescents was included. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Hypothalamic–pituitary‐ovarian (HPO) axis immaturity was diagnosed in 63.9%, bleeding disorders (BD) in 13.7%, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in 12.2% of the patients. The presence of “heavy bleeding” and the bleeding length at presentation were not different between the groups. Patients with a BD presented with lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels (P = 0.019), and more frequently required inpatient admissions (P = 0.005). Of all patients, 34.6% were given only iron, 44.9% were given a low dose, and 15.6% were given a high‐dose hormone treatment. Factors influencing high‐dose hormone regimens were lower Hb levels (P < 0.001), the place of visit (ER rather than the clinic) (P < 0.001), and the presence of multiple ER visits (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Physicians base their decisions to start high‐dose hormonal therapy on objective parameters such as Hb levels and the need for hospitalization, while more precise guidelines are deemed necessary for initiating low‐dose hormonal therapy. Standardized protocols and their practical implementation at the clinical level are needed for the management of HMB in adolescence.
Perceived Neighbourhood Walkability and Depressive Symptoms of Rural Older Adults in Urbanisation: The Role of Community‐Based Social Capital
Authors: Yang Fan , Zheng Junyao , Li Wenjie , Dai Jianbing
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the association between community‐based social capital, namely clan identity and sense of community (SOC), and perceived neighbourhood walkability (PNW) in relation to depressive symptoms among rural older adults in urbanisation. A sample of 489 older adults in an urbanising county of Western China participated and moderated mediation analysis was utilised. PNW was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, and SOC mediated the focal association. Moreover, clan identity was found as a moderator of the direct effect of PNW on depressive symptoms as well as on the indirect effect of the association through SOC. Specifically, the negative role of higher PNW on depressive symptoms was observed for older adults without clan identity. Also, clan identity significantly buffered the positive association between PNW and SOC. The study revealed the significant role of community‐based social capital in the association between PNW and depressive symptoms among the elderly experiencing urbanisation.
Evaluation of Resilience and Stress Coping Styles of Primary Care Nurses During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Akarslan Tuncay , Yildiz Esra
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the resilience, stress levels, coping styles, and the impact of related factors among nurses working in primary healthcare during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Designed as a cross‐sectional study, the research included 86 volunteer nurses employed in primary healthcare institutions in Bitlis provincial center and its districts in Turkey. Data were collected between March and June 2022 using a sociodemographic information form, the Resilience Scale for Adults, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. The results showed that the mean scores of the resilience and stress‐coping scales were significantly influenced by the educational and economic status of the nurses. A positive but weak correlation was observed between resilience and the self‐confidence and optimistic approach subscales of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. In contrast, a negative but weak correlation was found between resilience and the helpless and submissive approach subscales. The study revealed an association between resilience levels and stress‐coping styles among nurses. Nurses with higher levels of education and income demonstrated greater resilience, while those with lower levels of education and income tended to use passive coping styles. The study recommends intervention programs to increase nurses' psychological resilience and promote effective stress‐coping methods. Further research is suggested across professions, institutions, cities, and countries to explore differences in primary care during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Lusutrombopag for Chronic Liver Disease Based on Pre‐Treatment Platelet Counts: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Suga Takayoshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Naganuma Atsushi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Takakusagi Satoshi , Takizawa Daichi , Arai Hirotaka , Ueno Takashi , Iizuka Keisuke , Fukuchi Toru , Saito Shuichi , Tojima Hiroki , Yamazaki Yuichi , Uraoka Toshio
Published: December 2024

Background

Oral thrombopoietin receptor agonists are used to treat thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic liver disease who are scheduled for invasive procedures. The efficacy of lusutrombopag based on the pretreatment platelet count was investigated.

Methods

Patients treated at nine hospitals from December 2015 to December 2023 were included. Efficacy was assessed by comparing the proportion of patients achieving a platelet count ≥ 50 000/μL and the change in platelet count.

Results

Seventy patients were eligible for evaluation. Patients with a pretreatment platelet count < 40 000/μL had a significantly lower rate of achieving a platelet count of ≥ 50 000/μL than those with a pretreatment count of 40 000–50 000/μL (62.5% vs. 84.2%, p = 0.038); however, there was no significant difference in the change in platelet count (25 700 vs. 24 400/μL, p = 0.972). Patients with viral‐related cirrhosis showed a significantly greater change in platelet count than the others (29 100 vs. 19 200/μL, p = 0.012). For patients receiving multiple lusutrombopag treatments, the change in platelet count was significantly lower in the second treatment than in the first treatment (26 900 vs. 20 800/μL, p = 0.041). The main adverse event observed was thrombosis (2.9%).

Discussion

Lusutrombopag increases platelet count regardless of pretreatment levels, but efficacy, defined as achieving a platelet count of ≥ 50 000/μL, may be insufficient in patients with a pretreatment platelet count < 40 000/μL. Additionally, patients with non‐viral liver disease responded less well to treatment compared to those with viral liver disease. Therefore, treatment strategies should be tailored based on pretreatment platelet counts and the etiology of liver disease.
Msx1‐Modified Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Rotator Cuff Repair: A Comprehensive Analysis of Tendon‐Bone Healing and Cellular Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Kang , Fu Xia‐wei , Wang Zi‐min
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Msx1‐overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in enhancing tendon‐bone healing in rotator cuff injuries. BMSCs were genetically modified to overexpress Msx1 and were evaluated in vitro for their proliferation, migration, and differentiation potential. Results demonstrated that Msx1 overexpression significantly increased BMSC proliferation and migration while inhibiting osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. In a rat model of acute rotator cuff injury, Msx1‐BMSCs embedded in a hydrogel scaffold were implanted at the tendon‐bone junction. Micro‐CT analysis revealed substantial new bone formation in the Msx1‐BMSC group, and histological evaluation showed organized collagen and cartilage structures at the repair site. Biomechanical testing further confirmed enhanced structural strength in the Msx1‐BMSC‐treated group. These findings suggest that Msx1 modification enhances BMSC‐mediated repair by promoting cell proliferation and migration, facilitating tendon‐bone integration. This Msx1‐based approach presents a promising strategy for advancing regenerative therapies for rotator cuff injuries.
Pre‐Marine Isotope Stage 2 glacial activity around the Nevado de Chañi massif in the Central Andes of Argentina and paleoclimate implications
Authors: Martini Mateo A. , Kaplan Michael R. , Guerra Lucia , Sagredo Estaban , Schaefer Joerg M. , Caffee Marc W.
Published: December 2024

We describe and analyze the glacial geomorphology and new 10Be cosmogenic surface exposure ages from moraines deposited before Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 around Nevado de Chañi (24°4′ S, 65°45′ W), a north–south‐trending massif located in the arid subtropical mountains of northwestern Argentina. We combine these data with previously published ages in order to establish a glacier chronology around the massif and the central Andes. The results show at least three phases of glacier expansions occurred before the global Last Glacial Maximum, (i) during MIS 6, (ii) close to the transition from MIS 4 to MIS 3, and (iii) during mid‐late MIS 3. Based on a comparison of the timing of glacier advances with other glacial and paleoclimatic proxies elsewhere, we infer that glaciers grew in this arid region of the subtropical Andes during periods of reduced temperatures and wetter conditions, ultimately due to intensification of the South American Summer Monsoon. In contrast, during MIS 5 no glacial activity was recorded around the massif, and we infer that even if wetter conditions prevailed in the region the temperature was not sufficiently low to support glaciations.
The Palestinian Conflict and the Further IT Use From the Greek and Turkish Hotels
Authors: Uzunogullari Serkan , Karadimitriou Christina , Pappas Nikolaos
Published: December 2024

The current conflict in Palestine substantially affects tourism and hotel operations in the Eastern Mediterranean. The study examines the Palestinian conflict's effect on the hotel industry's willingness to further use information technology (IT) as a means for handling the crisis. Two nationwide studies were conducted in the hotels of Greece and Turkey. Each study includes the perspectives of a sample of 400 hotel managers and evaluates the chaordic systems and dynamics related to the Palestinian conflict and the further use of IT in the hotels. By employing fsQCA and NCA, both studies generated the same three solutions: (i) IT orientation, (ii) the Palestine effect, and (iii) IT externalisation. The study contributes to theoretical and methodological perspectives whilst providing several managerial implications concerning the IT‐related strategic change of hotels due to the Palestinian conflict.
Combined Autologous Breast Reconstruction and Gynecologic Procedures: Does Timing Affect Clinical and Patient‐Reported Outcomes?
Authors: Coleman‐Belin Janet C. , Kim Minji , Graziano Francis D. , Boe Lillian A. , Khavanin Nima , Massand Sameer , Nelson Jonas A. , Allen Robert J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Patients with or at risk for breast cancer may opt for risk‐reducing gynecologic surgeries, including bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomies and/or total abdominal hysterectomy. The timing and safety of combining these procedures with autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) are debated. This study assesses the impact of concurrent ABR and gynecologic surgeries on clinical and patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

Female patients who underwent ABR from 2010 to 2023 were included. Three groups were compared: (1) same‐day ABR with gynecologic surgery, (2) staged ABR and gynecologic surgery, and (3) ABR alone. Clinical and patient‐reported outcomes included operative time, length of stay (LOS), complications, return to the operating room, and BREAST‐Q Physical Well‐Being of the Abdomen scores.

Results

A total of 2288 patients were included. Of these, 66 had simultaneous surgeries (Group 1), 256 had staged surgeries (Group 2), and 1966 had ABR alone (Group 3). There were no meaningful differences in operative time, return to the operating room, LOS, or overall complication rates. Seroma occurrence was significantly lower in Group 3 than Group 2 (6.1% vs. 6.3% vs. 3.5%; p = 0.046) which emerged during pairwise comparisons. BREAST‐Q Physical Well‐Being of the Abdomen scores did not significantly differ among the three cohorts at preoperative, 6‐month postoperative, and 1‐year postoperative time points.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that simultaneous ABR and gynecologic surgeries do not significantly impact complication rates, operative times, hospital stays, or patient‐reported abdominal well‐being, supporting that simultaneous surgery as a safe and efficient approach for appropriate patients.
Efficient and Sensitive Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides in Orange Juice Using Dispersed Solid‐Phase Extraction Based on Amorphous UiO‐66
Authors: Yin Yaqi , Fan Chen , Cheng Linru , Shan Yuwei
Published: December 2024

Organophosphate pesticides can cause long‐term neurological damage to humans. There is an urgent need to develop a more sensitive and efficient method for detecting trace amounts of organophosphorus pesticides in orange juice, particularly in the presence of interfering substances. This study developed a dispersive solid‐phase extraction (DSPE) method using amorphous UiO‐66 (aUiO‐66) as an adsorbent for the detection of four organophosphate pesticides (fenthion, profenofos, fensulfothion, and chlorpyrifos) in orange juice. The aUiO‐66 was synthesized in a green, direct method within a deep eutectic solvent composed of diethanolamine hydrochloride and acetamide. Its amorphous nature was confirmed through x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Parameters influencing extraction efficiency, including adsorbent dosage, extraction time, eluent type, and volume, were optimized by genetic neural network (GNN). The method demonstrated good linearity (R2 = 0.9927–0.9981), high recovery (95.35%–110.75%), low limit of detection (0.169–0.214 ng L⁻¹), and precision (intraday RSD = 4.13%–5.44%, interday RSD = 3.28%–4.91%). It was successfully applied to analyze targets in commercially available orange juices, detecting residues within 4.37–36.07 µg L⁻¹. This study's methodological development offers significant guidance for efficient detection of organophosphorus pesticides in food products, potentially facilitating the advancement and application of simpler and more efficient analytical techniques.
Determination of Land Degradation in Romania at a Local Scale Using Advanced Analytical Techniques
Authors: Temerdek‐Ivan Kinga , Benedek József , Török Ibolya , Holobâcă Iulian‐Horia , Alexe Mircea
Published: December 2024

Land degradation (LD) threatens the food security and general welfare of many people globally. Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) is a pivotal goal within the global sustainability agenda, particularly under Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15.3.1, which measures the proportion of land that is degraded over total land area. Romania, with its diverse landscapes and significant agricultural sector, faces notable challenges in this area. Assessing this SDG indicator serves to identify vulnerable areas and assists policymakers in defining the necessary strategic instruments and actions. Most previous studies have assessed land degradation using low‐ or moderate‐resolution data without clearly identifying the triggering factors, thereby limiting the ability to detect changes at the sub‐national level and analyze in detail the influence of these factors on the environment. This research is the first to examine the relationship between the proportion of land that is degraded and 20 potential triggering factors in cities and municipalities, aiming to identify key drivers of land degradation and provide insights for urban planning and policy‐making. The study integrates a series of high and medium‐resolution statistical, geospatial, and EO data sources to effectively assess land degradation and identify triggering factors in 103 municipalities and 216 cities. Using multiple regression analysis (MRA) and the Random Forest Method (RF), this study analyzed various predictive factors influencing LD, revealing that changes in land cover, temperature, and multi‐annual average precipitation, along with atmospheric pollutants (CO, SO2) and Land Surface Temperature, significantly contribute to land degradation in large cities. These factors accounted for approximately 83.3% (MRA) and 96.7% (RF) of the variation in the land degradation indicator, underscoring their roles in influencing land degradation trends. According to the results, 2.3% of Romania's area was degraded during the 2015–2022 period, 58% remained stable, 38% showed improvements, and the remaining 1.7% represented water bodies. By identifying vulnerable communes and counties, and the triggering factors, the study supports the implementation of appropriate measures to combat LD, a crucial step in Romania's efforts to achieve LDN by 2030.
Micro‐Rotors on Frictional Solid Surfaces via Optothermally‐Invoked Chirality
Authors: Jia Qiannan , Zhang Zhiqi , Sun Xiaoyu , Yan Wei , Qiu Min
Published: December 2024

As an elementary mode of locomotion, rotation has been ubiquitously demonstrated in macroscopic dimensions, or microscopically realized in levitated systems and hydrodynamic environments. However, it has remained an untouched research topic to achieve regulated rotation on solid surfaces at microscale, wherein friction serves as the dominant yet formidable external force. Here, this gap is bridged through an all‐optical approach. By utilizing pulsed light with an elongated Gaussian profile and twisting it relative to an illuminated object, chiral vortexes are introduced in both the optothermally excited elastic waves and the as‐induced surface friction, endowing the object with a restoring torque. Self‐regulation of the rotor and refueling of the chirality synergistically modulate the rotational motion. On this basis, orientation of the rotor can be adjusted arbitrarily by any specific angle, achieving an angular resolution of rad and rotation speed up to 10 rpm. Furthermore, the composite motion is demonstrated, combining both rotational and translational modes into the light field‐rotor system. The proposed technique extends the capability of optical manipulation on frictional solid surfaces by exploring the relation between the symmetry‐breaking condition and the modes of locomotion, which provides theoretical guidance and practical opportunities for building reconfigurable devices on solid substrates.
Semi‐Analytical Solutions of the Multi‐Dimensional Time‐Fractional Solitary Water Wave Equations Using RPS Method
Authors: Kumar Meena Rakesh , Kumar Sushil
Published: December 2024

This article concerns the use of the residual power series (RPS) approach to get the semi‐analytical solutions of multi‐dimensional Korteweg‐de Vries (KdV), that is, shallow water wave equations with any arbitrary time‐fractional order (). The time‐fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. The solutions of the fractional KdV equation obtained using the RPS method for are compared with the exact solutions of the integer‐order KdV equation to show the RPS method's effectiveness, accuracy, and convergence. Some examples are also solved to study the effects of the fractional derivative on the wave's amplitude.
A Multinational Comparison Study of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety, Depression, and Anger Item Bank in the General Population
Authors: Lee Jiseon , Lim Yeonjung , Seo Dong Gi , Lee Minji K. , Schalet Benjamin D. , Fischer Felix , Rose Matthias , Kang Danbee , Cho Juhee
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to compared Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety, depression, and anger item bank among Korean, US and Dutch general population.

Methods

Between December 2021 and January 2022, we surveyed representative Korean participants (N = 2699). Then we compared the mean T‐scores of PROMIS anxiety, depression, and anger full items bank among Korean, US (N = 1696) and the Dutch (N = 1002) populations. Differential item‐functioning (DIF) analyses were also performed. We also compared each score by age group, sex, presence of comorbidities, and general health status.

Results

In Korean, the mean T‐scores for anxiety, depression, and anger were 45.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 11.6), 48.4 (SD = 11.2), and 44.9 (SD = 12.6), respectively. Among the general population in Korea, patients aged 35–44 years and those with comorbidities had higher anxiety, depression, and anger scores. In the DIF analyses between the US and Korean populations, 28%, 32%, and 45% were flagged for uniform or non‐uniform DIF in anxiety, depression and anger, respectively.

Conclusions

Considering the cultural differences, we recommend using a harmonized approach that includes country‐specific reference values while retaining a standardized core set of items to enable cross‐country comparability.
Multiscale Stochastic Modeling of Backward Erosion Piping Initiation, From Grain Kinetics to Weibull Statistics. Part I: Analytical Derivations
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Oskay Caglar , Fascetti Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Backward erosion piping (BEP) is a significant contributor to failures in global flood protection infrastructure, yet it remains among the least understood geotechnical phenomena, particularly concerning the fundamental mechanisms driving its initiation. This study focuses on the development of a novel stochastic framework for the prediction of critical hydraulic gradients causing BEP initiation. The novelty of the study lies in the following: (1) the development of a grain‐scale probabilistic model based on fundamental mechanisms by means of the theory of rate processes, (2) quantification of the influence of soil variability on BEP initiation probability by introducing an initiation probability function, and (3) an analytical framework reconciling grain kinetics of BEP initiation with the Weibull distribution. A particle‐scale BEP initiation probabilistic model is first established based on fundamental grain kinetics under seepage flow by using the theory of rate processes. To investigate how soil variability influences initiation, a stochastic dual random lattice modeling framework is exercised, complemented by direct x‐ray computed tomography measurements of soil variability conducted on sand samples. The analytical probabilistic model for BEP initiation closely aligns with the Weibull distribution, also demonstrating that soil variability influences both the scale and shape parameters of the distribution. This work establishes the linkage between probability of BEP initiation as described by the theory of rate processes and phenomenological Weibull statistics. Findings presented herein bring the potential to develop a multiscale probabilistic framework by means of Weibull statistics for evaluating the probability of BEP initiation at multiple scales.
EMYWAY Workplace‐Based Entrustable Professional Activities Assessments in Otolaryngology Residency Training: A Nationwide Experience
Authors: Guo Fang‐Cen , Chen Yu‐Ting , Hsu Wei‐Chung , Wang Pa‐Chun , Chen Mingchih , Chen Jeng‐Wen
Published: December 2024

Objective

To present workplace‐based entrustable professional activities (EPAs) assessment data from the first 2 years of the EMYWAY platform in otolaryngology residency training in Taiwan.

Study Design

Two‐year cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Otolaryngology training programs.

Methods

In 2020, the Taiwan Society of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (TSO‐HNS) developed a workplace‐based assessment (WBA) framework with 11 EPAs, integrating milestones to evaluate resident competency. In 2021, TSO‐HNS piloted the EMYWAY platform for WBAs, which includes an EPA‐based assessment workflow, coaching feedback, and a dashboard displaying residents' entrustment‐supervision levels. Data are analyzed annually for accreditation and curriculum enhancement. This study reports on the pilot year and the first full‐scale year of implementation.

Results

Eleven programs participated in the pilot year. Subsequently, 362 faculty members and 274 resident physicians from 34 programs nationwide engaged with EMYWAY. In the full‐scale year from August 2022 to July 2023, 9805 responses were recorded, primarily from surgical theaters (45.9%; 4502/9805) and third‐year residents (23.8%; 2331/9805). The most frequently evaluated EPAs were “head and neck” (17.5%; 1716/9805), “sinonasal” (13.5%; 1324/9805), and “ear” (12.2%; 1193/9805), with task complexity increasing with resident seniority (P < .0001). A positive correlation was found between residents' self‐assessments and faculty members' ratings (r = 0.531; P < .001). Over 98.2% of residents and 88.4% of faculty members provided substantial feedback (>10 words). Analysis of WBAs reported by training programs identified faculty development targets and teaching‐intensive tasks.

Conclusion

EMYWAY effectively documents workplace learning and tracks resident competency progression. Continuous improvement of WBA quality is essential for advancing the competency‐based medical education ecosystem.
A Rare Case of Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma With MYC and BCL2 Gene Translocations Diagnosed Due to Temporomandibular Joint Symptoms
Authors: Hayashi Hirosaka , Hayasaka Junichi , Sakuyama Aoi , Watanabe Hideki , Jinbu Yoshinori , Noguchi Tadahide
Published: December 2024

Background

Double‐hit lymphoma shows a poor prognosis, necessitating early diagnosis to improve prognosis.

Case Presentation

A 68‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with pain and a click in the right temporomandibular joint. The right side of her neck was acutely swollen. A biopsy of a mass lesion and lymph node suggested diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma; chromosomal analyses revealed MYC and BCL2 rearrangements. Complete response was achieved with chemotherapy. Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed, but the patient relapsed. She died due to respiratory failure.

Conclusion

Double‐hit lymphoma is often accompanied by cervical lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy is useful for early diagnosis.
Effect of functionalized graphene on mechanical and rheological properties of melt processed polyamide 6 nanocomposites
Authors: Gholizadeh Armin , Babaei Amir , Haji Abdolrasouli Mehdi
Published: December 2024

Nanocomposites of functionalized graphene (FG) and polyamide 6 (PA6) were prepared through the twin‐screw extrusion method by the routes of solution‐assisted masterbatch technique and dry mixing of nanomaterials with the virgin polymer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Rheological analysis, and tensile tests were performed to determine the best nanocomposite manufacturing route. The dispersion state proved to be the best for the 1 wt% FG/PA6 nanocomposite (1‐FG) prepared by the dry mixing method based on the characterization and analysis methods performed. Tensile properties were noticeably improved for the 1‐FG nanocomposite by 32.7% and 8.7% for Young's modulus and tensile strength, respectively. The presence of a network of nanomaterials was also spotted in SEM and rheological analysis. It was also found that the presence of trapped solvent molecules for the masterbatch solution method resulted in altered tensile properties and lowered rheological enhancements compared with its dry‐mixed counterparts. Raman spectroscopy was also proven capable of analyzing the degree of dispersion analogous to XRD or rheological analysis for the first time. Furthermore, the presence of vacuum degassing during the melt processing of nanocomposites was experimentally proven to be a must since FG particles get in‐situ reduced by the high temperature of the melt processing, resulting in the generation of gaseous species that critically sabotage melt processing in the absence of vacuum.

Highlights

Reduction of graphene in the melt processing sabotages the process.

Vacuum degassing controls gaseous species generated due to graphene reduction.

Dry mixing of materials proved to be better than the solution masterbatch method.

Raman is capable of analyzing dispersion quality analogous to rheometric mechanical spectrometer (RMS) and XRD.

In the solution masterbatch path, graphene retards solvent removal in degassing.
Enhancement on thermal management and mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber films through synergistic filler construction and interface optimization
Authors: Lu Huijie , Yang Bin , Sang Jiaojiao , Lu Tianyu , Liu Qiangwei , Zhao Ruyi , Zhang Ting , Xia Ru , Qian Jiasheng , Yang Yuqing , Jia Ning
Published: December 2024

This study is aimed at developing composite films with superior thermal management performance in an attempt to solve challenge rising from heat accumulation in modern high‐frequency broadband communication devices. To effectively address the interface thermal resistance (ITR) of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in the composites, cobalt nanoparticles were coated onto edge‐oxidized graphene to in‐situ form a hybrid filler (EGO@Co), which was then uniformly incorporated into the carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (c‐CNF) matrix. A vacuum‐assisted filtration was employed to fabricate EGO@Co/c‐CNF thermally conductive multi‐layered composite films. In‐situ growth of heterogeneous structure filler Co helped to extend the thermal paths and optimize the heat transfer networks. The incorporation of edge oxidation was found to facilitate the strong hydrogen bonding interactions between filler and matrix, constructing an efficient three‐dimensional (3D) thermal conduction network, significantly enhancing both heat flux and stress transfer efficiency. After hot‐pressed, the EGO@Co40/c‐CNF films exhibited an outstanding thermal conductivity (λǁ ~ 28.4 W m−1 K−1 and λ⊥ ~ 1.1 W m−1 K−1) in addition to a high tensile strength. The optimization on the thermal filler construction and interface modification have proved to significantly enhance the microstructure and properties of the composite films, which helps to pave the way for practical opportunities in the application of novel thermally conductive materials in the TMMs fields.

Highlights

Cobalt nanoparticles enhanced thermal conductivity of composites.

EGO strengthened filler‐matrix hydrogen bonding.

Vacuum‐assisted filtration produced multi‐layered composite films.

EGO@Co/c‐CNF films displayed high thermal conductivity.

Thermal filler optimization boosted mechanical and thermal properties.
Design and preparation of a low density, high strength honeycomb structure with short‐cut carbon fiber and the performance analysis
Authors: Chen Hongguang , Lai Yukang , Yang Yishan , Chen Yanhua , Wang Yongjiang
Published: December 2024

To meet the urgent demands of aerospace vehicle upgrades and replacements, which require honeycomb structures with higher specific strength and environmental adaptability, the development of lightweight and high‐strength short‐cut carbon fiber reinforced polymer (S‐CFRP) honeycombs is an effective approach. First, this study designed a hot pressing process, which was utilized for the fabrication of both short‐cut CF paper and S‐CFRP honeycomb. Second, a finite element model was established to predict the mechanical performance of the S‐CFRP honeycomb. Finally, mechanical experiments were conducted on the S‐CFRP honeycomb and the failure factors were analyzed. The S‐CFRP honeycomb features cell edges as low as 2.75 mm in length, with a density reduced to 47.6 kg/m3, achieving the coexistence of small cell edge length and low density in the honeycomb structure. Compared with the aramid honeycomb of 48.06 kg/m3 from Hexcel Corporation, the compressive strength of the S‐CFRP honeycomb was increased by 21%, and the shear strengths in the L and W directions were improved by 42% and 59%, respectively. This study provides a fabrication method and simulation model for low‐cost, lightweight, high‐strength S‐CFRP honeycombs, which has significant engineering value for enhancing the weight reduction efficiency and the mechanical performance of aircraft structures.

Highlights

A low‐cost, high‐strength short‐cut CF paper has been prepared.

An S‐CFRP honeycomb, lightweight and with small cells, has been made.

The strength of S‐CFRP honeycombs exceeds that of aramid ones.

The failure factors of the S‐CFRP honeycomb were analyzed.

Performed accurate mechanical simulation analysis on S‐CFRP honeycomb.
Comparison of Plant Genomic DNA Extraction Kits Using the Proofman‐LMTIA Amplification Assay
Authors: Yao Wei , Wang Yajie , Zhou Dan , Liu Jinxin , Song Chunmei , Zhang Xiaohua , Wang Deguo , Wang Yao
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The extraction of DNA is the basis of molecular biology research. The quality of the extracted DNA is one of the key factors for the success of molecular biology experiments.

Objective

To select a suitable DNA extraction method for Chinese medicinal herbs and seeds.

Methods

In this experiment, four commercial DNA extraction kits were used to extract the genomic DNA (gDNA) from the Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. powder; Arisaema amurense Maxim. powder as well as the seeds of Glycine max (L.) Merr. On the one hand, the concentration and purity of DNA extracted by these four kits were compared. On the other hand, nucleic acid amplification experiments were performed on three samples extracted by each of the four kits by Proofman‐LMTIA methods, which is a novel nucleic acid isothermal amplification technique. The concentration and purity of DNA extracted by different kits were used to determine which methods were suitable for the dry powder of Chinese herbal medicines and seeds. The efficiency of the amplification curve to show whether the extracted DNA can be used in nucleic acid amplification experiments.

Results

The results showed that the Proofman‐LMTIA methods were of high specificity and the optimal reaction temperatures were 63, 59, and 59°C for P. ternata (Thunb.) Makino; A. amurense Maxim. and G. max (L.) Merr., respectively. The concentration and purity of the gDNAs extracted with all kits were within the acceptable ranges; meanwhile, the amplification of the gDNA extracted by Kit II was of the highest efficiency.

Conclusion

In this experiment, the principle, concentration, purity, and time taken for extracting DNA with four kits were compared. The automated extraction kit based on the magnetic method is suitable for extracting DNA from Chinese medicinal herbs and seeds. The extracted DNA is suitable for nucleic acid amplification detection.
A denouement of defiance and death: Escaping the liminal space and phase of a Japanese internment camp in Ismail Marahimin's And the War is Over
Authors: Arps Arnoud
Published: December 2024

Increasingly, the importance of Indonesian perspectives is emphasized for the understanding of the Dutch colonial past. In this article, I examine the work of Indonesian author Ismail Marahimin. His only novel, Dan Perang Pun Usai (And the War Is Over), was published in 1977 and is set in the latter days of the Japanese occupation of Indonesia. What is remarkable about the story is not only the diversity of characters, but especially how they are each connected to a Japanese internment camp in Sumatra. This article shows how the idea of “liminality,” or a period and space of uncertainty and transition, recurs in the novel in various ways, not least for the Dutch internees, who are preparing an escape. This focus lays bare how liminal spaces and liminal phases produce fundamental changes for the actors involved, but also how they produce changes in how we culturally remember the past.