bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ion bombardment of single crystals of aluminum
Authors: Cunningham R L , Gow K V , Ng-Yelim J
Published: March 2018

This paper presents the results of bombarding the (100), (110), and (111) surfaces of aluminum single crystals with a narrow beam of 8-kV argon ions. The crystals were tilted at the angles required to bring [110], [100], [112], and [111] directions parallel to
the beam. The experiments were designed to study the effect of incident ion direction on ejection directions and etching rates. Ejection directions, as determined from the positions of deposits on hemispherical collectors, were found to be independent of incident ion direction for a given surface
orientation. The quantity of material ejected along equivalent ejection directions was observed to decrease as the angle of deviation between the incident ion beam and the ejection direction increased. The principal ejection directions observed were [110]. Apparent [116] ejection directions were
observed when (110) and (111) surfaces were bombarded. These were caused by an abrupt deflection of momentum from [110] directions of the crystal to directions close to [110] of elementary twins. These are formed by surface atoms in twin positions on (111) surfaces developed, in the case of the
(110) surface, during bombardment. The [110] directions of an elementary twin are parallel to certain [114] directions of the crystal, and, had multilayer twins been formed, the resulting ejection would have been along apparent [114] directions as a result of Silsbee focusing. Ejection along
apparent [116] directions was not observed from (100) surfaces presumably because predominant [100] surface grooves produced by bombardment could not contain (111) facets. Under these conditions [100] ejection was detected. Etching rates, as judged by the occurrence of matte spots, were least when
the beam was parallel to the close-packed [110] directions and greatest when parallel to high index directions making large angles with the [110] directions. Low etching rates were also observed when the beam became parallel to [1()0] and [112] direct ions. Any anisotropy in surface migration rates
was shown to be negligible in controlling etching rates under the conditions of these experiments.
Measurement of free cyanide concentration by continuous potentiometric titration
Authors: Ingles J C
Published: March 2018

The use of commercially-available precision metering pumps makes possible the continuous argentometric titration of free cyanide in process solutions. End-point indication, provided by continuous measurement of the potential of a silver wire-reference electrode
combination, gives a good approximation of the actual cyanide content of the samples and, further, is ideally suited to automatic control of cyanide addition to the process. The response time i8 of the order of 2 minutes, but could be reduced. The procedure requires a clarified solution and is not
applicable to unfiltered ore pulps or slurries.
Design and construction of a facility for research on the inelastic behavior of geologic materials
Authors: Hardy H R
Published: March 2018

This report describes the design and construction of a facility for research on the inelastic behavior of geologic materials. It includes the development of the following: a room-sized constant temperature enclosure capable of maintaining temperatures constant +
to - 1/5 ° C; a programmable pneumatic-hydraulic axial loading system, which makes it possible to carry out creep, stress relaxation, constant rate of straining, constant rate of loading and cyclic loading experiments; and a system for accurate measurement and recording of strain, stress,
confining pressure and temperature. Also included are details on the preparation and strain gaging of test specimens.
Corrosion behaviour of uranium-bearing resulpeurized chromium stainless steels
Authors: Biefer G J , Crawford W M
Published: March 2018

In keeping with their much higher sulphur contents, conventional AISI Type 416 and 430F resulphurized chromium stainless steels showed markedly higher aqueous corrosion rates than did AISI Type 430 chromium stainless steel, which has a low sulphur content.
Uranium alloying additions to the resulphurized steels conferred markedly improved corrosion resistance in nitric acid solutions at room temperature when U/S ratios were 3.5/1 or more, the performance of such steels approaching or equalling that of AISI Type 430 stainless steel. However, the uranium
alloying additions had only a slight effect upon corrosion behaviour of the resulphurized stainless steels in sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and ferric chloride solutions. Metallographic examinations showed that resulphurized steels with U/S ratios of 3.5/1 or more had predominantly globular
sulphide inclusions of undetermined chemistry that had sufficiently high melting points to retain their shapes subsequent to hot-rolling. In contrast, the uranium-free resulphurized steels, subsequent to hot-rolling, showed characteristic sulphide stringers. Electrochemical measurements indicated
that the uranium' additions brought about decreased corrosion in nitric acid solutions because of their effect upon anodic polarization behaviour.
Review of methods for sublethal aquatic toxicity tests relevant to the Canadian metal-mining industry
Authors: Sprague J B
Published: March 2018

From a literature review, eight sublethal, tests were recommended for further laboratory evaluation, and possibly for subsequent field validation: Mictrotox TM chronic test; Selenastrun microplate, multi-species algal microplate; duckweed, Ceriodaphnia; nematode;
fathead minnow larval growth; trout early life-stages. Ceriodaphnía was scored highest. The nematode test might prove to be a simple assay-to represent multi-cellular animals. Fluorescence should be considered as an endpoint in algal tests, because of apparent speed, economy, and freedom from
interference by turbidity. Many sublethal tests are now relatively fast and cheap to carry out. The literature indicates that they would be useful tools for the Canadian metal mining industry, for predicting effects of effluents in receiving-waters. For monitoring, toxicity tests on the effluent
have major advantages of speed and economy over field surveys. A complete strategy for monitoring discharges should include three tactics. (1) Measurements at the end of the effluent pipe. (2) Comparison with water quality objectives, both chemical and biological; tests on the effluent could be used
to calculate conditions expected in the receiving water. (3) Periodic ecological surveys to check that the first two approaches are effective. Literature reports on validating sublethal effluent tests as predictors of effects in receiving communities, have used polluted rivers, or semi-natural
communities in various mesocosms, notably artificial stream channels with a diversity of biota. Twenty-eight published reports gave useful information of validation; some comparisons were subjective, and most could not be called rigorous scientific "predictive" experiments. One report was rigorous
and objective, and found 88% agreement in comparing the toxicity of 43 effluents with effects in waterbodies. Eight well-publicized studies in rivers by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency received criticism for inappropriate comparisons; statistical re-analysis showed a good relationship
between toxicity of receiving-water and instream communities. Among 72 comparisons in different experiments, there were 53 cases of general agreement between effluent tests and field effects, and 9.cases of disagreement, for 8570 agreement. Ten other cases were not directly useful because they used
values derived from the literature, because field effects were absent or inconsistent, or because they considered only lethal effects. Of the 62 useful cases, 50 were for mixed effluent and only 2 were for mining waste. Most comparisons were with communities in natural rivers, and only 10 of 62 used
mesocosms.
Quality of life of dentists
Authors: Abraham Sheela B. , Amini Aline Mazen Alsakka , Khorshed Noha Ehab , Awad Manal
Published: March 2018

Objective: An important determinant of job satisfaction and life fulfillment is the quality of life (QOL) of the individuals working in a particular field. Currently, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), there is limited research pertaining to the QOL of dentists. The main objective of this study was to assess QOL of dentists in the UAE. Materials and Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) QOL-BREF questionnaire (the World Health Organization abbreviated instrument for QOL assessment), which assesses QOL in physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains, was found to be a suitable instrument for use. A total of 290 questionnaires were distributed to general dental practitioners and specialists working in the private sector. The response rate was 46%. The completed questionnaires were coded and analyzed using the SPSS IBM software version 21. Results: QOL of specialists was significantly better than general practitioners (GPs) on all domains of the WHOQOL-BREF (P < 0.05). Married dentists had better QOL than singles on the social and environmental domains. Furthermore, specialists reported significantly better QOL compared to GPs after adjustment for sex, age, and marital status (P < 0.05) in the psychosocial and environmental domains. Conclusions: Among dentists who work in the UAE, QOL can be affected by several factors, one of them being whether dentist is a GP or a specialist.
Accuracy of computer-guided surgery for dental implant placement in fully edentulous patients: A systematic review
Authors: Marlière Daniel Amaral Alves , Demètrio Maurício Silva , Picinini Leonardo Santos , Oliveira Rodrigo Guerra De , Netto Henrique Duque De Miranda Chaves
Published: March 2018

Assess clinical studies regarding accuracy between virtual planning of computer-guided surgery and actual outcomes of dental implant placements in total edentulous alveolar ridges. A PubMed search was performed to identify only clinical studies published between 2011 and 2016, searching the following combinations of keywords: “Accuracy AND Computer-Assisted Surgery AND Dental Implants.” Study designs were identified using the terms: Case Reports, Clinical study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analysis, humans. Level of agreement between the authors in the study selection process was substantial (k = 0.767), and the study eligibility was considered excellent (k = 0.863). Seven articles were included in this review. They describe the use of bone and muco-supported guides, demonstrating angular deviations cervically and apically ranging from (minimum and maximum means), respectively, 1.85-8.4 (°), 0.17-2.17 (mm), and 0.77-2.86 (mm). Angular deviations obtained most inaccuracy in maxila. For cervical and apical deviations, accuracy was preponderantly lower in maxilla. Despite the similar deviations measurement approaches described, clinical relevance of this study may be useful to warn the surgeon that safety margins in clinical situations.
Antibacterial effectiveness of probiotic-based experimental mouthwash against cariogenic pathogen: An in vitro study
Authors: Elgamily Hanaa , Mosallam Osama , El-Sayed Hoda , Mosallam Rania
Published: March 2018

Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of probiotic-experimental-based mouthwash (MW) against Streptococcus mutans in vitro. Materials and Methods Antimicrobial screening of two active additives (probiotic-zamzam) was tested against S. mutans using disc diffusion method. A total of three MWs ; (1) an experimental MW base formula, (2) an experimental MW base formula with the two active additives, and (3) commercial MW (hexitol), were evaluated against S. mutans by well diffusion method after 24 h and 72 h storage period. The survival profile of probiotic strain in the experimental MW was determined using colony counting method as well as the pH changes at three intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and t-test to compare the inhibition zone diameter. Results: For active additives, probiotic strain exhibited higher mean inhibition zones values than zamzam water against S. mutans. Regarding the inhibition zones for the three tested MWs, the experimental MW showed significant increase in the inhibition zone after 72 h, while there was insignificant change with commercial MW. For probiotic count in MW, there was insignificant change in bacterial count after 24 h, and significant decrease after 15 days, followed by insignificant change after 30 days. For the pH values of the experimental MW, a statistically insignificant change was found after 24 h, significant decrease after 15 days and insignificant change after 30 days. Conclusions The probiotic-zamzam experimental MW was effective in reducing S. mutans. Zamzam water could be considered as prebiotic ingredient. Therefore, the probiotic-zamzam MW has a potential therapeutic value.
Characterising the big pieces of Lipschitz graphs property using projections
Authors: Martikainen Henri , Orponen Tuomas
Published: March 2018

We characterise the
big pieces of Lipschitz graphs
property in terms of projections. Roughly speaking, we prove that if a large subset of an

n

-Ahlfors–David regular set

E \subset \mathbb R^d

has plenty of projections in

L^2

, then a large part of

E

is contained in a single Lipschitz graph. This is closely related to a question of G. David and S. Semmes.
Isolement de Chlamydia des organes génitaux de béliers atteints d'épididymite
Authors: Rodolakis Anne , Bernard K.
Published: March 2018

Des Chlamydia ont été isolées sur culture de cellules de l’épididyme, des testicules et des glandes de Cooper de deux béliers nés dans un troupeau infecté par Chlamydia ovis et atteints d’épididymite clinique.
Expériences de Fougères. Quatrième partie. Immunisation de la génisse et de la vache avec 1 ou 2 doses de vaccin H38 contre l’infection expérimentale à Brucella abortus
Authors:   Direction des Services Vétérinaires du Ministère de l'Agriculture, Dhennin L.
Published: March 2018

The H28 Vaccine has been controled with one or two doses on heifers and cows experimentally infected by Brucella abortus. The high and persisting titer of agglutinines and sensitizers tends to decrease more rapidly in adults inoculated with one dose. With two doses of vaccine for the heifers the percentage of brucellic abortious is significantly reduced, but the protection against infection is almost as good with one injection.

The immunity confeied to heifers is better that the one obtained on adults.
Contribution à l’étude des réactions sérologiques et allergiques chez la chèvre sensibilisée par des antigènes tuberculeux
Authors: Thorel M. F. , Gaumont R.
Published: March 2018

Une expérimentation relative au diagnostic sérologique et allergique de la tuberculose caprine a été réalisée sur cinquante chevrettes, réparties en quatre lots de dix, un cinquième servant de témoin. Après avoir été sensibilisées par voie veineuse ou par voie sous-cutanée, puis par voie intradermique, les chevrettes ont fait l'objet d’examens sérologiques et de tuberculinations à intervalles réguliers.

Les résultats des tuberculinations ont montré que le dépistage de la tuberculose chez la chèvre pouvait s’effectuer en utilisant l’intradermotuberculination sur la face latérale de l’encolure avec 0,2 ml soit 5 000 unités de tuberculine. La lecture a lieu vers la 72e h en considérant comme positif tout épaississement égal ou supérieur à 4 mm.

D’autre part, l’épreuve de fixation du complément, plus précocement positive que la tuberculination, la compléterait heureusement en palliant ses défaillances chez les caprins.
Kystes de Besnoîtia besnoîti dans les organes génitaux de la vache
Authors: Nobel T. A. , Neumann M. , KIopfer V. , Perl S.
Published: March 2018

Des kystes de Besnoîtia besnoîti, contenant des trophozoites viables ont été décrits dans la muqueuse vaginale et dans l’endomètre des vaches. L'importance de ce phénomène, en ce qui concerne la pathogénèse de la Besnoîtiose, est discutée.
Management of a Severe Cervicofacial Odontogenic Infection
Authors: Tormes Ana KM , De Bortoli Manoela M , Júnior Rui M , Andrade Emanuel SS
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Odontogenic infections originate from a tooth or from its supporting structures, generally secondary to a pulp necrosis, periodontal disease, pericoronitis, apical lesions, or complications of dental procedures, which can be restricted to the alveolus or can reach the jaws and face through maxillofacial spaces. These are the most common conditions which affect the head and neck regions.

Aim

The aim of this study is to report a severe case of a cervicofacial odontogenic infection while discussing the most relevant aspects.

Case report

A 47-year-old female patient with a background of diabetes mellitus (DM) had a cervicofacial infection presenting edema and erythema in the left hemiface extending from the frontoparietal to cervical region and was submitted to extensive surgical treatment combined with antibiotic therapy.

Conclusion

Although the prevalence and complication rates of odontogenic infections had decreased with the advancement of diagnostic techniques, availability of effective antibiotics, and improvement in oral hygiene, still there are conditions that require attention and accurate treatment to prevent the progression of the pathology to deeper fascial spaces.

Clinical significance

Odontogenic infections can be treated with fewer complications if approached earlier when diagnosed while their premature clinical manifestations. However, if the treatment is postponed and the infection spreads into deeper fascial spaces, it can damage vital structures, and, consequently, threaten the patient’s life. In these cases, extensive and aggressive therapy should be performed.

How to cite this article

Tormes AKM, De Bortoli MM, Junior RM, Andrade ESS. Management of a Severe Cervicofacial Odontogenic Infection. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):352-355.
Distribution of the gas hydrate stability zone in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Giustiniani Michela , Tinivella Umberta , Sauli Chiara , Della Vedova Bruno
Published: March 2018

The theoretical gas hydrates stability zone (GHSZ) in the Ross Sea area was evaluated by mean of a steady state simple approach by using bathymetric data, sea bottom temperature, a variable geothermal gradient and assuming that the natural gas is methane. The results from our study suggest that bathymetry and distribution of the GHSZ are correlated; in fact, the GHSZ reaches a maximum (ca. 400 m) in the basins, where the water temperature is the lowest, and decreases in the banks with thickness ranging between 7 and
Velocidades superficiales del glaciar Upsala, Andes Patagónicos Sur, mediante el uso de correlación cruzada en imágenes satelitales: periodo 2013-2014.
Authors: Moragues Silvana , Lenzano M. Gabriela , Lo Vecchio Andrés , Falaschi Daniel , Lenzano Luis
Published: March 2018

In this study we present surface velocities estimation for the Upsala glacier catchment, South Patagonian Ice Field (SPI) during the summer season of years 2013 (January-March) and 2014 (March-April), including the Bertacchi, Cono, and Murallón tributaries using satellite images from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). The Cross-Correlation method was applied by COSI-Corr technique with sub-pixel accuracy. In general, it should be noted that the SPI glaciers, and Upsala glacier in particular, are fast-flowing ice bodies, which makes the technique works properly. Results of surface velocities estimation ranged from 0.22 to 2.93 md-1 for January-March 2013 and 0.12 to 5.8 md-1 for March-April 2014. In summary, COSI-Corr can achieved accurate and reliable results for glacier displacements and surface velocities estimation, also contributing in the better knowledge of the velocities change processes in time, taking into account Upsala is one of the most dynamic temperate glaciers of the SPI.
First record of the Valanginian positive carbon isotope anomaly in the Mendoza shelf, Neuquén Basin, Argentina: palaeoclimatic implications
Authors: Gómez Dacal Alejandro R. , Gómez Peral Lucía E. , Spalletti Luis A. , Sial Alcides N. , Siccardi Aron , Poiré Daniel G.
Published: March 2018

The Tithonian-Valanginian time interval in the Mendoza Shelf (Neuquén Basin, Argentina) is well exposed in the Río Salado, Puesto Loncoche and Cuesta del Chihuido sedimentary sections. From those localities, more than fifty preserved oyster shells of the genus Aetostreon sp. were selected and sampled in order to perform the first δ13C curves for this particular time interval. Mineralogical and cathodoluminiscence properties, inner micromorphology of the valves, added to major and trace element geochemistry were analyzed in order to highlight the best C-O isotopic preservation. The δ13C isotope curves show values varying between 0 and -3‰ VPDB for the Tithonian-Berriasian basal section, and a positive excursion of ~2.4-2.7‰ VPDB in the Valanginian upper section. This δ13C up section trend is here considered in order to reveal eminent correlations with other sections from the Neuquén Basin, as well as the Weissert Event from the Tethys area, also on the basis of their ammonite faunal zones. The palaeotemperatures obtained from δ18O preserved values, added to a detailed sedimentological study suggest that observed δ13C anomaly may responds to a global climatic change from warm and dry to warm and humid conditions.
Disidencias sexuales y corporales: Articulaciones, rupturas y mutaciones
Authors: Martínez Pozo Lola
Published: March 2018

Este artículo aborda la tarea de reconstruir, reinventar y trazar parte de las historias de resistencia sexual-corporal con el objetivo de visibilizar y reconocer aquellas genealogías, ubicadas en el contexto geopolítico del Estado español, que aportan numerosas claves teóricas y políticas, superando su concretización en determinadas conquistas legales. A partir de una lectura de las movilizaciones LGTB, queer, trans* y transfeministas como procesos de construcción de subjetividades políticas desde la disidencia sexual-corporal y, como resistencias a las tecnologías de normalización y producción del cuerpo y la sexualidad. A continuación, se indaga cómo las disidencias inscritas en el cuerpo y la sexualidad han sido motor de articulaciones, rupturas y mutaciones en el seno de las propias movilizaciones, desde una perspectiva metodológica basada en el análisis teórico y la historización de los movimientos LGTB, queer, trans* y transfeministas. Finalmente, se interpreta dichas trayectorias como cortocircuitos productivos que han implicado profundas transformaciones en las concepciones, vivencias y aproximaciones al género, las sexualidades, las identidades y los cuerpos generando "otras" formas de lucha, investigación y teorización.
Dimensiones individuales, relacionales e institucionales en la resiliencia de profesores principiantes egresados de una universidad pública
Authors: Villalobos Vergara Paula Verónica , Assael Budnik Jenny
Published: March 2018

A partir de la necesidad de comprender las condiciones que permiten a los docentes superar los desafíos propios de su labor y seguir comprometidos con la enseñanza, se recurre al concepto de resiliencia docente en un estudio con profesores principiantes, que busca comprender cómo operan las dimensiones individuales, relacionales e institucionales en la resiliencia de profesores novatos egresados de una universidad pública chilena. Con estos fines se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa de carácter exploratorio en la que se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a siete docentes de enseñanza básica y media, que fueron analizadas bajo los lineamientos de la teoría fundada.  Los resultados indican, a nivel individual, la importancia de la disposición a aprender y las competencias pedagógicas, a nivel relacional, se evidencia la importancia de relaciones positivas con la jefatura, los pares, estudiantes y familia y, a nivel institucional, se manifiesta la importancia de brindar autonomía profesional y de contar con equipos multidisciplinarios de apoyo al trabajo de acompañamiento a los estudiantes.
Derechos LGTBI en Chile: Tensiones en la constitución de otredades sexualizadas
Authors: Galaz Valderrama Caterine Joanna , Sepúlveda Galeas Mauricio , Poblete Melis Rolando , Troncoso Pérez Lelya , Morrison Jara Rodolfo
Published: March 2018

Este artículo presenta un análisis de las últimas leyes aprobadas en Chile que consideran la "diversidad sexual", además de sus respectivas discusiones en las comisiones de trabajo del Congreso. Se da cuenta de la emergencia de la "diversidad sexual" como campo de la acción pública en Chile, visibilizando sus matrices de comprensión, considerando la articulación de la noción de "diferencia" y "otredad" y situando a la "diversidad sexual" como su traducción gubernamental. Concluimos que en estas políticas emergen formas privilegiadas de otredad y de la sexualidad, centradas sólo en el reconocimiento identitario, sin articulación con otros ejes de diferenciación/desigualdad. Asimismo, las subjetividades no heterosexuales son homogeneizadas, produciendo así sujetos abyectos e invisibles para las políticas públicas. De esta manera, se abren diferentes campos de estudio empírico, especialmente referidos a cómo estas matrices de comprensión son articuladas en el accionar de distintos dispositivos de intervención con personas LGTBI.
Construcción y pérdida de la confianza de docentes: Un análisis de incidentes críticos
Authors: Peña Fredes Javiera Magdalena , Weinstein Cayuela José , Raczynski Dagmar
Published: March 2018

La confianza relacional ha sido identificada como un factor central en los procesos de mejora escolar. Posee un carácter dinámico y se encuentra determinada por las "facetas" de benevolencia, honestidad, apertura, previsibilidad y competencia. Una deficiencia de cualquiera de éstas puede mermar la confianza al interior de las escuelas. El objetivo del artículo es identificar las situaciones que gatillan la construcción y pérdida de confianza de los docentes tanto en sus pares como en los directivos. La técnica empleada fue la entrevista incidentes críticos. Participaron 34 docentes de la Región de Valparaíso. La pérdida de confianza resulta especialmente significativa para los docentes, además existen similitudes en términos de lo aludido entre los incidentes narrados respecto a pérdida como ganancia de confianza. El arribo inicial de los profesores a las escuelas constituye un momento crucial a la hora de construir lazos de confianza. Existe una mayor preeminencia de la faceta de benevolencia en los incidentes narrados tanto en relación a sus pares como a los directivos. En relación a la faceta de competencia predominan los aspectos conductuales por sobre los funcionales.
Ser madre fuera de la heteronormatividad: Trayectorias vitales y desafíos de familias homoparentales chilenas
Authors: Sánchez Díaz Soledad , Podestá González Sonia Pía , Garrido Paula
Published: March 2018

Las familias de madres lesbianas, bisexuales y queer desafían el modelo heteroparental y las nociones tradicionales de parentesco. En Chile están en proceso incipiente de visibilización, no cuentan con legitimidad social, leyes ni políticas públicas que las respalden, y existe escasa investigación al respecto. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio cualitativo interpretativo con mujeres con hijos/as nacidos/as en una relación heterosexual previa. El enfoque metodológico utilizado fue la Teoría Fundamentada. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a seis mujeres con hijos/as entre 4 y 15 años. Los resultados muestran que las trayectorias vitales de las mujeres (progresiva, ambivalente y queer) inciden directamente en cómo abordan con sus hijos/as el tema de su orientación sexual. Los niveles personal-afectivo y sociocultural se articulan y tensionan en torno al conflicto entre ventajas y riesgos de la visibilización ante la sociedad. Se discuten los desafíos y costos para estas mujeres y sus familias desde una perspectiva de derechos y políticas públicas.
Políticas públicas para la gestión de la diversidad sexual y de género: Un análisis interseccional
Authors: Romero Bachiller Carmen , Montenegro Martínez Marisela
Published: March 2018

El abordaje institucional de la diversidad se ha focalizado en generar políticas e intervenciones para la inclusión y/o normalización de colectivos considerados minoritarios. El concepto de interseccionalidad ha contribuido a complejizar los procesos de sectorialización que se derivan de esta perspectiva introduciendo la idea de co-funcionamiento de diferentes fuentes de opresión. En este artículo a partir del análisis desde una perspectiva interseccional de dos leyes para garantizar los derechos de las personas con sexualidades y posiciones de género diversas y contra la LGTBIfobia de la Generalitat Catalana y de la Comunidad de Madrid, analizamos los efectos de homogeneización, esencialización y normalización, así como las dinámicas de jerarquización y exclusión que los procesos de categorización normativa generan. Proponemos comprender el concepto de interseccionalidad desde una mirada situacional y relacional que implica que la emergencia de prácticas de dominación se da en contextos concretos en los que ciertas diferencias aparecen como relevantes en definiciones particulares de situaciones que se establecen en cada caso. Estos procesos, enmarcados en configuraciones normativas históricamente construidas, acontecen como condensaciones particulares de desigualdades y jerarquías.
Los estudios sociales de la práctica y la práctica como unidad de estudio
Authors: Fardella Cisternas Carla , Carvajal Muñoz Francisca Isidora
Published: March 2018

En los últimos 50 años la idea de giro en ciencias sociales se ha vuelto recurrente: giro interpretativo, discursivo, afectivo. El giro hacia las prácticas se suma a los movimientos mencionados. Se trata de un enfoque en desarrollo conformado por tradiciones en heterogéneas, que convergen en pensar la práctica como una unidad de estudio alternativa para pensar lo social. La mirada sobre la práctica, muestra un creciente desarrollo en la ciencias sociales por ofrecer una lectura particular de fenómenos micro sociales, sin embargo es una discusión aún incipiente en la escena latinoamericana. Este artículo presenta una indagación las teorías de las prácticas sociales (TPS) y en particular sobre la práctica como unidad de estudio de lo social. Al inicio se revisa el debate contemporáneo y el giro de la práctica, para luego profundizar en el concepto en sí, revisando los elementos que componen una práctica: competencias, materialidades y sentidos. Así como sus atributos en tanto unidad: social, recursiva y rizomática. Para finalizar se revisa e ilustra un conjunto de estrategias de investigación pertinentes al enfoque y se reflexiona acerca de las posibilidades y limitaciones de los estudios sociales de la práctica.
Precariedad laboral y repertorios sindicales en el neoliberalismo: Cambios en la politización del trabajo en Chile
Authors: Julián Vejar Dasten
Published: March 2018

La expansión del fenómeno de la precariedad laboral ha significado un profundo efecto en la organización sindical a nivel global. En este artículo exponemos algunas de los principales impactos del proceso de precarización laboral en las estrategias y repertorios del sindicalismo chileno, considerando el contexto sociopolítico y el complejo proceso de readecuación y articulación de las subjetividades e identidades en el trabajo.
How a European network may help with estimating methane emissions on the French national scale
Authors: Pison Isabelle , Berchet Antoine , Saunois Marielle , Bousquet Philippe , Broquet Grégoire , Conil Sébastien , Delmotte Marc , Ganesan Anita , Laurent Olivier , Martin Damien , O'Doherty Simon , Ramonet Michel , Spain T. Gerard , Vermeulen Alex , Yver Kwok Camille
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Methane emissions on the national scale in France in 2012 are inferred by assimilating continuous atmospheric mixing ratio measurements from nine stations of the European network ICOS located in France and surrounding countries. To assess the robustness of the fluxes deduced by our inversion system based on an objectified quantification of uncertainties, two complementary inversion set-ups are computed and analysed: (i) a regional run correcting for the spatial distribution of fluxes in France and (ii) a sectorial run correcting fluxes for activity sectors on the national scale. In addition, our results for the two set-ups are compared with fluxes produced in the framework of the inversion inter-comparison exercise of the InGOS project. The seasonal variability in fluxes is consistent between different set-ups, with maximum emissions in summer, likely due to agricultural activity. However, very high monthly posterior uncertainties (up to ≈ 65 to 74 % in the sectorial run in May and June) make it difficult to attribute maximum emissions to a specific sector. On the yearly and national scales, the two inversions range from 3835 to 4050 Gg CH4 and from 3570 to 4190 Gg CH4 for the regional and sectorial runs, respectively, consistently with the InGOS products. These estimates are 25 to 55 % higher than the total national emissions from bottom-up approaches (biogeochemical models from natural emissions, plus inventories for anthropogenic ones), consistently pointing at missing or underestimated sources in the inventories and/or in natural sources. More specifically, in the sectorial set-up, agricultural emissions are inferred as 66% larger than estimates reported to the UNFCCC. Uncertainties in the total annual national budget are 108 and 312 Gg CH4, i.e, 3 to 8 %, for the regional and sectorial runs respectively, smaller than uncertainties in available bottom-up products, proving the added value of top-down atmospheric inversions. Therefore, even though the surface network used in 2012 does not allow us to fully constrain all regions in France accurately, a regional inversion set-up makes it possible to provide estimates of French methane fluxes with an uncertainty in the total budget of less than 10 % on the yearly timescale. Additional sites deployed since 2012 would help to constrain French emissions on finer spatial and temporal scales and attributing missing emissions to specific sectors.
Direct measurement of NO3 radical reactivity in a boreal forest
Authors: Liebmann Jonathan , Karu Einar , Sobanski Nicolas , Schuladen Jan , Ehn Mikael , Schallhart Simon , Quéléver Lauriane , Hellen Heidi , Hakola Hannele , Hoffmann Thorsten , Williams Jonathan , Fischer Horst , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We present the first direct measurements of NO3 reactivity (or
inverse lifetime, s−1) in the Finnish boreal forest. The data were
obtained during the IBAIRN campaign (Influence of Biosphere-Atmosphere
Interactions on the Reactive Nitrogen budget) which took place in
Hyytiälä, Finland during the summer/autumn transition in
September 2016. The NO3 reactivity was generally very high with a
maximum value of 0.94 s−1 and displayed a strong diel variation with a
campaign-averaged nighttime mean value of 0.11 s−1 compared to a
daytime value of 0.04 s−1. The highest nighttime NO3 reactivity
was accompanied by major depletion of canopy level ozone and was associated
with strong temperature inversions and high levels of monoterpenes. The
daytime reactivity was sufficiently large that reactions of NO3 with
organic trace gases could compete with photolysis and reaction with NO. There
was no significant reduction in the measured NO3 reactivity between
the beginning and end of the campaign, indicating that any seasonal reduction
in canopy emissions of reactive biogenic trace gases was offset by emissions
from the forest floor. Observations of biogenic hydrocarbons (BVOCs) suggested
a dominant role for monoterpenes in determining the NO3 reactivity.
Reactivity not accounted for by in situ measurement of NO and BVOCs was
variable across the diel cycle with, on average, ≈ 30 %
“missing” during nighttime and ≈ 60 % missing during the day.
Measurement of the NO3 reactivity at various heights (8.5 to 25 m)
both above and below the canopy, revealed a strong nighttime, vertical
gradient with maximum values closest to the ground. The gradient disappeared
during the daytime due to efficient vertical mixing.
Extreme temperature and precipitation response to solar
dimming and stratospheric aerosol geoengineering
Authors: Ji Duoying , Fang Songsong , Curry Charles L. , Kashimura Hiroki , Watanabe Shingo , Cole Jason N. S. , Lenton Andrew , Muri Helene , Kravitz Ben , Moore John C.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We examine extreme temperature and precipitation under two potential geoengineering methods forming part of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). The solar dimming experiment G1 is designed to completely offset the global mean radiative forcing due to a CO2-quadrupling experiment (abrupt 4 × CO2), while in GeoMIP experiment G4, the radiative forcing due to the representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario is partly offset by a simulated layer of aerosols in the stratosphere. Both G1 and G4 geoengineering simulations lead to lower maximum temperatures at higher latitudes, and on land primarily through feedback effects involving high latitude processes such as snow cover, sea ice and soil moisture. Maximum 5-day precipitation increases over subtropical oceans, whereas warm spells decrease markedly in the tropics, and the number of consecutive dry days decreases in most deserts. The precipitation during the tropical cyclone (hurricane) seasons becomes less intense, whilst the remainder of the year becomes wetter. Aerosol injection is more effective than dimming in moderating extreme precipitation (and flooding), possibly due to stratospheric warming by aerosol injection working in tandem with sea surface temperature reductions to moderate extreme tropical storm cyclogenesis. The differences in the response of temperature extremes between the two types of geoengineering are relatively minor. Despite the magnitude of the radiative forcing applied in G1 being ~ 6.5 times larger than in G4, and differences in the aerosol chemistry and transport schemes amongst the models, one can discern clear differences in the precipitation extremes between the types of geoengineering probably due to the aerosol direct effect and related energetic changes.
Impact of HF radar currents gap-filling methodologies on the
Lagrangian assessment of coastal dynamics
Authors: Hernández-Carrasco Ismael , Solabarrieta Lohitzune , Rubio Anna , Esnaola Ganix , Reyes Emma , Orfila Alejandro
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In coastal basins HF radar, HFR, is a cost-effective monitoring technique that allows to obtain high-resolution continuous surface currents, providing new insights for understanding small-scale coastal ocean transport and dispersion processes. In the last years the use of Lagrangian diagnosis to study mixing and transport properties is growing in importance. A common condition among all the Lagrangian techniques is that complete spatial and temporal velocity data is required to compute the trajectories of virtual particles in the flow. However, hardware or software failures in HFR can compromise the availability of data, resulting in incomplete spatial coverage fields or non-data periods. In this regard, several methods have been widely used to fill spatio-temporal gaps in HFR measurements. Despite the growing relevance of these systems there are still many open questions concerning the reliability of the gap-filling methods for the Lagrangian assessment of the coastal ocean dynamics. In this paper, we first develop a new methodology to fill gaps in the HFR velocity field based on Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). Then a comparative analysis of this method with the most extended available methods for gap-filling in HFR systems, i.e., Open-Boundary Modal Analysis (OMA) and Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (DINEOF), is performed. The error introduced by each approach is quantified in the Lagrangian computations, i.e., finite size Lyapunov exponents, Lagrangian Coherent Structures and Residence Times. We determine the limit of applicability of each method regarding four experiments based on the typical temporal and spatial gaps distribution observed in HFR systems unveiled by a k-means clustering analysis. The data sets used for this study are the hourly radial velocities obtained from the HFR system located in the SE Bay of Biscay, with a spatial resolution of 5 km in range and 5º in angle. Our, results, show that even when the number of missing data is large, the Lagrangian diagnosis still give an accurate description of the oceanic transport properties.
A systemic approach for modeling soil functions
Authors: Vogel Hans-Jörg , Bartke Stephan , Daedlow Katrin , Helming Katharina , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid , Lang Birgit , Rabot Eva , Russell David , Stößel Bastian , Weller Ulrich , Wiesmeier Martin , Wollschläger Ute
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The central importance of soil for the functioning of terrestrial systems is increasingly recognized. Critically relevant for water quality, climate control, nutrient cycling and biodiversity, soil provides more functions than just the basis for agricultural production. Nowadays, soil is increasingly under pressure as a limited resource for the production of food, energy and raw materials. This has led to an increasing demand for concepts assessing soil functions so that they can be adequately considered in decision-making aimed at sustainable soil management. The various soil science disciplines have progressively developed highly sophisticated methods to explore the multitude of physical, chemical and biological processes in soil. It is not obvious, however, how the steadily improving insight into soil processes may contribute to the evaluation of soil functions. Here, we present to a new systemic modeling framework that allows for a consistent coupling between reductionist yet observable indicators for soil functions with detailed process understanding. It is based on the mechanistic relationships between soil functional attributes, each explained by a network of interacting processes as derived from scientific evidence. The non-linear character of these interactions produces stability and resilience of soil with respect to functional characteristics. We anticipate that this new conceptional framework will integrate the various soil science disciplines and help identify important future research questions at the interface between disciplines. It allows the overwhelming complexity of soil systems to be adequately coped with and paves the way for steadily improving our capability to assess soil functions based on scientific understanding.
Reseñas
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: March 2018

Número misceláneo 262
Linguistic Education Under Revision: Globalization and EFL Teacher Education in Brazil
Authors: Mendes Ana Rachel , Finardi Kyria Rebeca
Published: March 2018

Globalization brought about many changes to the current society's life and mindset and thus, some new challenges to linguistic education, more specifically, foreign language education, have emerged as a consequence of these changes. This paper aims at reflecting upon some impacts of globalization on pre-service English as Foreign Language (hereafter EFL) teacher education in Brazil. Based on the literature review, the paper addresses the changes in the concepts of language, culture and identity related to cultural hybridity and the impact of new information and communications technology on the use, teaching and learning of foreign languages. It concludes that curricula for EFL teacher education programs in Brazil should be reviewed in order to focus more on glocal knowledge and digital literacy for a 21st century aligned education.
Unergatives are different: Two types of transitivity in Samoan
Authors: Tollan Rebecca
Published: March 2018

This paper provides arguments in favour of a non-unified treatment of transitive and unergative verbs, based upon the patterning of unergative constructions in the ergative-absolutive language Samoan. Building upon a proposal by Massam (2009; to appear), I argue that unergative subjects in Samoan are merged lower than transitive subjects, the result being a difference in case marking patterns associated with each verb type. In the spirit of much work which has advocated for a split vP structure (e.g., Pylkkännen 2008; Harley 2013; Legate 2014; a.o.), I propose that unergative subjects are merged in the specifier of vP, while transitive subjects are introduced in a higher projection (VoiceP). This proposal is motivated primarily from split case patterning: while Samoan unergative subjects appear with absolutive case, addition of an object to an unergative verb does not yield the typical ergative-absolutive pattern associated with canonical transitives. Instead, a non-ergative case pattern arises, in which the subject is absolutive, and the object is marked with the prenominal marker i. The Samoan unergative + object construction bears similarities with another set of two-place (so-called middle verbs) which exhibit the same abs-i case frame. Despite the absence of ergative case, both unergative + object and middle constructions are syntactically transitive with respect to various language-internal diagnostics. I argue that the case split results from differing case assigning properties of v and Voice: i is analysed as structural accusative case, assigned to the object by v0, while ergative subjects are assigned case by Voice0. The division of external arguments across two VP-external projections can be captured by expanding Dowty’s (1991) framework of thematic proto-roles, whereby unergative and middle “proto-low” (vP) agents encompass a subset of the semantic properties of full-fledged transitive “proto-high” (VoiceP) agents. The additional properties of proto-high agents correspond to additional phrasal structure.
ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA DA ESCALA NA OBTENÇÃO DOS ATRIBUTOS TOPOGRÁFICOS DERIVADOS DE MDE
Authors: Neuman Gisele , Silveira Claudinei Taborda da , Sampaio Tony Vinicius Moreira
Published: March 2018

O presente trabalho propõe uma análise comparativa entre cinco modelos digitais de elevação (MDE’s), na estrutura de grade regular quadrangular, gerados a partir de bases de dados altimétricos de diferentes escalas e, por consequência, com distintas resoluções de grade. Foram utilizados como parâmetros três atributos topográficos derivados do MDE: elevação, declividade, plano e perfil de curvatura. A comparação de dados pontuais foi realizada através de regressão linear as quais serviram para verificação do relacionamento das variáveis através da representação contínua da superfície topográfica, empregando-se matrizes de confusão (índices de exatidão global e de erros - omissão e inclusão), correspondente as classes representadas na base cartográfica com melhor resolução espacial. Os resultados demonstraram que a redução da resolução espacial do MDE de entrada influencia substancialmente nos valores dos atributos topográficos, os quais tendem a concentrarem próximos de valores médios. Esse comportamento se apresenta na declividade, em vertentes com inclinações mais suavizadas, e no plano e perfil de curvatura em segmentos planares e retilíneos, respectivamente. É possível afirmar que a resolução dos modelos terá influência direta sobre os parâmetros morfométricos derivados, pois os valores de diferenças advêm da mensuração da variação espacial em função da utilização de matrizes de vizinhança. O refinamento da quantidade de informações interfere nos resultados da aplicação de funções polinomiais tornando as representações um desafio. Isto evidencia a necessidade de utilização de dados em escalas adequadas aos trabalhos a serem realizados, pois os MDE’s são importantes ferramentas de análise espacial.