bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pannexin 1: a novel regulator of acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Authors: Grimmer Benjamin , Krauszman Adrienn , Hu Xudong , Kabir Golam , Connelly Kim A , Li Mei , Grune Jana , Madry Christian , Isakson Brant E , Kuebler Wolfgang M
Published: October 2021

Aims

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a physiological response to alveolar hypoxia that diverts blood flow from poorly ventilated to better aerated lung areas to optimize ventilation-perfusion matching. Yet, the exact sensory and signalling mechanisms by which hypoxia triggers pulmonary vasoconstriction remain incompletely understood. Recently, ATP release via pannexin 1 (Panx1) and subsequent signalling via purinergic P2Y receptors has been identified as regulator of vasoconstriction in systemic arterioles. Here, we probed for the role of Panx1-mediated ATP release in HPV and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods and results

Pharmacological inhibition of Panx1 by probenecid, spironolactone, the Panx1 specific inhibitory peptide (10Panx1), and genetic deletion of Panx1 specifically in smooth muscle attenuated HPV in isolated perfused mouse lungs. In pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), both spironolactone and 10Panx1 attenuated the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to hypoxia. Yet, genetic deletion of Panx1 in either endothelial or smooth muscle cells did not prevent the development of PH in mice. Unexpectedly, ATP release in response to hypoxia was not detectable in PASMC, and inhibition of purinergic receptors or ATP degradation by ATPase failed to attenuate HPV. Rather, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) antagonism and Panx1 inhibition inhibited the hypoxia-induced [Ca2+]i increase in PASMC in an additive manner, suggesting that Panx1 regulates [Ca2+]i independently of the ATP-P2Y-TRPV4 pathway. In line with this notion, Panx1 overexpression increased the [Ca2+]i response to hypoxia in HeLa cells.

Conclusion

In the present study, we identify Panx1 as novel regulator of HPV. Yet, the role of Panx1 in HPV was not attributable to ATP release and downstream signalling via P2Y receptors or TRPV4 activation, but relates to a role of Panx1 as direct or indirect modulator of the PASMC Ca2+ response to hypoxia. Panx1 did not affect the development of chronic hypoxic PH.
Paradoxical cardiac conduction during exercise stress testing in myotonic dystrophy type 1: a case report
Authors: Ahmad Suliman , Kabunga Peter
Published: October 2021

Background 

Exercise stress testing (EST) identifies functional abnormalities that may manifest only during physiologic stress to the heart. This may have significant prognostic value in identifying latent conduction abnormalities in asymptomatic patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1), who may benefit from prophylactic permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation.

Case report 

We report the case of a patient with MD1 with a 5-month history of atypical left-sided chest pain. Her baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) showed sinus rhythm and variable PR interval prolongation (206–220 ms) without symptoms of cardiac conduction disease. Routine blood tests and cardiac investigations including a 24-h ECG monitoring, echocardiogram, and a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging scan, revealed no abnormalities. To investigate her chest pain and to determine the need for prophylactic PPM implantation, EST and an electrophysiological study were performed. Exercise testing revealed minimal PR shortening (PR = 200 ms) at peak exercise and paradoxical PR prolongation (PR = 280 ms) during the early recovery period. A prophylactic DDDR PPM was implanted following an electrophysiological study that revealed a prolonged His-ventricle (HV) interval of 84 ms.

Discussion 

The current use of annual ECG and 24 Holter monitoring may not adequately detect abnormal cardiac conduction in asymptomatic patients with MD1. The invasive nature of electrophysiology studies limits its use as a screening tool for conduction abnormalities in asymptomatic patients. Thus, EST could be used to identify underlying conduction abnormalities in MD1 patients without any specific symptoms of bradycardia, which warrant further invasive electrophysiological studies (EPS).
An engineered, orthogonal auxin analog/AtTIR1(F79G) pairing improves both specificity and efficacy of the auxin degradation system inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hills-Muckey Kelly , Martinez Michael A Q , Stec Natalia , Hebbar Shilpa , Saldanha Joanne , Medwig-Kinney Taylor N , Moore Frances E Q , Ivanova Maria , Morao Ana , Ward J D , Moss Eric G , Ercan Sevinc , Zinovyeva Anna Y , Matus David Q , Hammell Christopher M
Published: October 2021

The auxin-inducible degradation system in C. elegans allows for spatial and temporal control of protein degradation via heterologous expression of a single Arabidopsis thaliana F-box protein, transport inhibitor response 1 (AtTIR1). In this system, exogenous auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) enhances the ability of AtTIR1 to function as a substrate recognition component that adapts engineered degron-tagged proteins to the endogenous C. elegans E3 ubiquitin ligases complex [SKR-1/2-CUL-1-F-box (SCF)], targeting them for degradation by the proteosome. While this system has been employed to dissect the developmental functions of many C. elegans proteins, we have found that several auxin-inducible degron (AID)-tagged proteins are constitutively degraded by AtTIR1 in the absence of auxin, leading to undesired loss-of-function phenotypes. In this manuscript, we adapt an orthogonal auxin derivative/mutant AtTIR1 pair [C. elegans AID version 2 (C.e.AIDv2)] that transforms the specificity of allosteric regulation of TIR1 from IAA to one that is dependent on an auxin derivative harboring a bulky aryl group (5-Ph-IAA). We find that a mutant AtTIR1(F79G) allele that alters the ligand-binding interface of TIR1 dramatically reduces ligand-independent degradation of multiple AID*-tagged proteins. In addition to solving the ectopic degradation problem for some AID-targets, the addition of 5-Ph-IAA to culture media of animals expressing AtTIR1(F79G) leads to more penetrant loss-of-function phenotypes for AID*-tagged proteins than those elicited by the AtTIR1-IAA pairing at similar auxin analog concentrations. The improved specificity and efficacy afforded by the mutant AtTIR1(F79G) allele expand the utility of the AID system and broaden the number of proteins that can be effectively targeted with it.
IBD Disability Index Is Associated With Both Direct and Indirect Costs of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Shafer Leigh Anne , Shaffer Seth , Witt Julia , Nugent Zoann , Bernstein Charles N
Published: October 2021

Introduction

We aimed to determine both direct (medical) and indirect (lost wages) costs of IBD and the association between the degree of IBD-related disability and extent of IBD-related costs.

Methods

Persons age 18-65 from the population-based University of Manitoba IBD Research Registry completed a survey including the IBD Disability Index (IBDDI) and questions related to employment, missed work (absenteeism), and reduced productivity at work (presenteeism). Administrative health data including surgeries, hospitalizations, physician claims, and prescriptions were linked to the survey and assessed. To calculate annual wage loss, number of days of missed work was multiplied by the average wage in Manitoba for the given occupation per Statistics Canada. Costs were adjusted to 2016-17 Canadian dollars. Using descriptive and regression analysis, we explored the association between IBDDI and annual direct and indirect costs associated with IBD.

Results

Average annual medical costs rose from $1918 among those with IBDDI 0-4 to $9,993 among those with IBDDI 80-86. Average annual cost of lost work rose from $0 among those with IBDDI 0-4 to $30,101 among those with IBDDI 80-86. Using linear regression, each additional unit of IBDDI was associated with an increase of $77 in annual medical cost (95% CI, $52-102; P < .001) and an increase of $341 in annual cost of lost wages (95% CI, $288-395; P < .001).

Conclusions

Costs related to IBD are significantly associated with the degree of IBD-related disability. Among the approximate 30% of the IBD population with IBDDI scores ≥40, the indirect costs of absenteeism and presenteeism accounts for ~75% of the total IBD-related costs.
Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study from the GETAID
Authors: Reenaers Catherine , de Roover Arnaud , Kohnen Laurent , Nachury Maria , Simon Marion , Pourcher Guillaume , Trang-Poisson Caroline , Rajca Sylvie , Msika Simon , Viennot Stéphanie , Alttwegg Romain , Serrero Mélanie , Seksik Philippe , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Picon Laurence , Bourbao Tournois Céline , Gontier Renaud , Gilletta Cyrielle , Stefanescu Carmen , Laharie David , Roblin Xavier , Nahon Stéphane , Bouguen Guillaume , Carbonnel Franck , Attar Alain , Louis Edouard , Coffin Benoît
Published: October 2021

Background

The prevalence of obesity and the number of bariatric surgeries in both the general population and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased significantly in recent years. Due to small sample sizes and the lack of adequate controls, no definite conclusions can be drawn from the available studies on the safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery (BS) in patients with IBD. Our aim was to assess safety, weight loss, and deficiencies in patients with IBD and obesity who underwent BS and compare findings to a control group.

Methods

Patients with IBD and a history of BS were retrospectively recruited to centers belonging to the Groupe d’Etude Thérapeutique des Affections Inflammatoires du Tube Digestif (GETAID). Patients were matched 1:2 for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hospital of surgery, and type of BS with non-IBD patients who underwent BS. Complications, rehospitalizations, weight, and deficiencies after BS were collected in cases and controls.

Results

We included 88 procedures in 85 patients (64 Crohn’s disease, 20 ulcerative colitis, 1 unclassified IBD) with a mean BMI of 41.6 ± 5.9 kg/m2. Bariatric surgery included Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 3), sleeve gastrectomy (n = 73), and gastric banding (n = 12). Eight (9%) complications were reported, including 4 (5%) requiring surgery. At a mean follow-up of 34 months, mean weight was 88.6 ± 22.4 kg. No difference was observed between cases and controls for postoperative complications (P = .31), proportion of weight loss (P = .27), or postoperative deficiencies (P = .99).

Conclusions

Bariatric surgery is a safe and effective procedure in patients with IBD and obesity; outcomes in this patient group were similar to those observed in a control population.
Restriction of Exponential Sums to Hypersurfaces
Authors: Demeter Ciprian , Langowski Bartosz
Published: October 2021

We prove moment inequalities for exponential sums with respect to singular measures, whose Fourier decay matches those of curved hypersurfaces. Our emphasis will be on proving estimates that are sharp with respect to the scale parameter $N$, apart from $N^\epsilon $ losses. In a few instances, we manage to remove these losses.
PSVI-6 Effect of season on the feeding behaviour and kinetics of daily feed intake of high-prolific sows during lactation
Authors: Silva Bruno Alexander N , Eskinazi Simon , Jacob David V , Araújo Wagner , Ataíde Iara , Rebordoes Flavio Igor G , Gonçalves Mateus F , Cardoso Larissa A , Lima Valesca , Evangelista Rafaela , Cardoso Hysla M , Motta Stephane A , Habit Steve , Araújo Dalton , Pereira Thainara , Maia Bárbara
Published: October 2021

Heat stress can cause changes in the feeding behaviour of lactating sows. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of season on the feeding behavior and kinetics of daily feed intake of modern high prolific sows under tropical conditions. A total of 80 high-prolific mixed parity sows divided into 10 batches of 8 sows each were used. Individual feeding behaviour was recorded during the ad libitum period (between d 1 and 23 of lactation), using an Automated Intelligent Feeder (AIF; Gestal Solo, Jyga Technology, Canada). Daily feed intake during lactation was affected by season (P < 0.001), and the feed intake was less during the hot season (5.66 vs. 7.23 g/d; Figure 1a). The daily ingestion time was less in the hot season (36.8 vs. 72.3 min/ d; P< 0.01) and the ingestion time per meal was also lower in the hot compared to the cool season (5.7 vs. 7.5 min/ meal; P < 0.05). The hot season showed a lower (P < 0.01) rate of daily intake when compared to the cool season (36.8 vs. 72.3 g/ min). Sows showed a higher diurnal feed intake (3,546 vs. 2,901 g/ d), whereas meal frequency was not affected (4.2 meals/ d, on average). Irrespective of the season, the nycthemeral pattern of feed intake peaked twice daily: between 0200 and 0900 h and between 1600 and 2000 h (Figure 1b).The present study confirms that lactating sows do not change much their feeding pattern according to season, meaning that they tend to keep the same feeding behaviour during both seasons, with a more pronounced intake between 0200 and 0900 am, approximately 80% of their total daily intake. Sows may not change feeding pattern according to season, but reduce significantly voluntary feed intake under hot climate conditions in order to reduce the thermal effect of feed.
PSVI-11 Effects of dietary supplementation of enzymatic bio-conversion of Scutellaria baicalensis extract as an alternative to antibiotics in growing pigs
Authors: Deokho Koo , De Xin Dang , Shanshui Gao , Bin Lim Chain , Inho Kim
Published: October 2021

This study was carried out to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of enzymatic bio-conversion of Scuterallia baicalensis (SB) extract on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, fecal gas emission, blood hematology, and antioxidative indicators in growing pigs. A total of 200 crossbred pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an initial body weight of 24.52 ± 1.99 kg were used in a 42-day experiment with a completely randomized block design. Pigs were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 10 replicate pens per treatment and 5 animals per pen (2 barrows and 3 gilts). There were four diet conditions: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) TRT1, basal diet + 0.1% apramycin; 3) TRT2, basal diet + 0.1% SB extract; 4) TRT3, basal diet + 0.1% enzymatic bio-conversion of SB extract. The pen was taken as the experimental unit. Tukey’s multiple range test was used for evaluation of differences among the treatments. Compared with the CON group, TRT1 or TRT3 groups had higher final body weight (BW) (P = 0.074) and average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.075), and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P = 0.054). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) (P = 0.095) in TRT1 group was higher than that in CON group. Serum glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (P = 0.047) and glutathione (GSH) (P = 0.074) concentrations in TRT3 group were higher than those in CON or TRT1 groups. However, there were no significant differences in fecal microbiota, fecal gas emission, and blood hematology among all dietary groups. A positive correlation between apramycin supplementation in the diet and ADG and the ATTD of DM were observed. A positive correlation between enzymatic bio-conversion of SB extract supplementation in the diet and ADG and the concentration of GPX and GSH in serum were also observed.
PSVII-1 Dietary inclusion of mineral detoxified nano-sulfur dispersion on growth performance, fecal score, fecal microbial, gas emission, blood profile, digestibility and meat quality in finishing pigs
Authors: Deokho Koo , Thamaraikannan Mohankumar , Muniyappan Madesh , Junho Song , Min Ahn Je , Inho Kim
Published: October 2021

Minerals enhance the digestive and bio-synthesis process and growth of animals. Nano-minerals are considered to be more efficient in growth, immunomodulation, bactericidal effects than regular products. Also, they are needed in a lower dose. Sulfur is an essential part of many enzymes and antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin. Some sulfur containing compounds can efficiently form a line of defense against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Detoxified nano-Sulfur Dispersion (DSD) on growth performance, fecal score, fecal microbial, gas emissions, blood profile, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 160 pigs with an initial body weight of 54.90 ± 5.10 kg were randomly assigned to 2 treatments comprising of basal diet and basal diet with 10ppm DSD. All data were statically analyzed by T-test using the SAS program as a randomized complete block design, with the pen serving as an experimental unit. During the 10-week trial, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) between the control and DSD groups. Also, the fecal score, fecal microbiota, gas emission were not affected (P > 0.05) by DSD diet. Dietary inclusion of DSD tended (P < 0.10) to increase water holding capacity and decrease cooking loss and drip loss. At week 5, serum concentrations of glucose, calcium, total cholesterol, high-density level were increased, and triglyceride concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in pigs fed with DSD than control diets. In summary, the inclusion of dietary DSD in the finishing pig diet improved serum Ca, glucose concentrations and lipid profiles. It also improved some meat quality traits, indicating its importance in improving the health status of animals.
PSVII-9 Influence of lactose and milk oligosaccharides in whey permeate on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in nursery pigs during 7 to 11 kg BW
Authors: Jang Ki Beom , Kim Sung Woo
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to evaluate supplemental effects of milk carbohydrates in whey permeate on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in nursery pigs during 7 to 11 kg BW. A total of 720 pigs at 7.5 kg BW were allotted to 6 treatments (6 pens/treatment and 20 pigs/pen). Treatments were 6 levels of whey permeate supplementation (0, 3.75, 7.50, 11.25, 15.00, and 18.75%) and fed to pigs for 11 d. On d 11, 36 pigs representing median BW of each pen were euthanized to collect the jejunal mucosa to evaluate microbiota in the jejunum by 16S rDNA sequencing. Data were analyzed using contrasts in MIXED procedure of SAS. Whey permeate contained 76.3% lactose and 0.4% milk oligosaccharides. Increasing whey permeate supplementation from 0 to 18.75% did not affect the alpha-diversity estimates of microbiota. Whey permeate supplementation tended to decrease (P = 0.073, 1.59 to 1.22) Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes compared with no addition of whey permeate. Increasing whey permeate supplementation tended to linearly increase Bifidobacteriaceae (P = 0.089, 0.73 to 1.11), decrease Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.091, 1.04 to 0.52), decrease Stretococcaceae (P = 0.094, 1.50 to 0.71), and caused quadratic changes (P < 0.05) on Lactobacillaceae (maximum: 9.14% at 12.91% whey permeate). Increasing whey permeate supplementation caused a quadratic change (P < 0.05) on Lactobacillus_Salivarius (maximum: 0.92% at 7.35% whey permeate) and tended to cause quadratic changes on Lactobacillus_Rogosae (P = 0.083; maximum: 0.53% at 8.45% whey permeate) and Lactobacillus_Mucosae (P = 0.092; maximum: 0.70% at 6.98% whey permeate). In conclusion, supplementation of whey permeate as sources of lactose and milk oligosaccharides at a range from 7 to 13% seems to be beneficial to nursery pigs by increasing the abundance of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the jejunal mucosa.
PSVII-2 Effects of xylanase and its optimal supplementation level on viscosity of jejunal digesta, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs
Authors: Moita Vitor Hugo C , Kim Sung Woo , Duarte Marcos E
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to determine supplemental effects of xylanase (endo-β-1,4-xylanase, CJ BIO, Korea) and its optimal supplementation level on viscosity of jejunal digesta, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and growth performance of pigs. Sixty weaned pigs (6.9 ± 0.8 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 5 treatments based on a RCBD with initial BW and sex as block and fed in 3 phases (P1/2/3 for 10/14/14 d, respectively). Dietary treatment were the supplementation levels of xylanase providing (0, 220, 440, 880, and 1,760 XU/kg feed). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to P3 diets as an indigestible marker to measure AID. On d 38, all pigs were euthanized to collect ileal and jejunal digesta to measure AID and viscosity, respectively; jejunal mucosa and tissue to measure intestinal health parameters. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Xylanase supplementation from 0 to 350 XU/kg increased (P < 0.05) ADG (596 to 746 g/d) during the last week, whereas there was no effect by xylanase on the overall growth performance. Increasing xylanase supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) digesta viscosity (1.91 to 1.48 mPa.s); increased (P < 0.05) the AID of EE (83.9 to 89.5%), NDF (52.9 to 56.9%) and ADF (35.3 to 39.3%); tended to reduce Cupriavidus (P = 0.073; 1.33 to 0.63%) and Megasphaera (P = 0.063; 1.26 to 0.23%); and tended to increase Succinivibrio (P = 0.076; 1.10 to 2.71%) and Pseudomonas (P = 0.060; 4.89 to 13.29%). Xylanase supplementation from 0 to 520 XU/kg reduced (P < 0.05) jejunal MDA (0.99 to 0.58 µmol/mg protein). In conclusion, xylanase supplementation showed benefits on intestinal health by reducing digesta viscosity, oxidative stress status, and harmful bacteria in the jejunal mucosa and by increasing the AID of nutrients. Xylanase supplementation at a range of 350 to 520 XU/kg feed provided the most benefits.
PSVII-7 Prematurity alters the regulation of Akt signaling in skeletal muscle of piglets
Authors: Davis Teresa A , Suryawan Agus , Naberhuis Jane , Rudar Marko , Fiorotto Marta
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Postnatal growth faltering is common after preterm birth. Recently we showed that premature birth in piglets impairs normal postnatal weight gain and skeletal muscle protein synthesis compared to piglets born at term. This response is associated with a reduction in the feeding-induced activation of Akt and subsequent downstream signaling, despite no change in insulin receptor activation. The aim of this study was to identify key regulators of Akt responsible for the blunted anabolic response in preterm muscle. Methods: Piglets delivered by cesarean section 11 d (preterm/PT) or 2 d (term/T) before term birth were fed by total parenteral nutrition. On day 3, after 4 h fasting, piglets were fasted one additional h or fed orally a sow milk replacer (per kg body weight: 31.5 kcal, 1.3 g carbohydrate, 2.7 g amino acids BW, 1.6 g lipid). Positive and negative regulators of Akt activity in longissimus dorsi muscle were determined by Western blot. Results: Phosphorylation of Akt1 and Akt2, but not Akt3, was lower in PT than in T pigs (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of Akt activators, PDK1 and mTORC2, and the abundance of Ubl4A, a positive regulator of Akt, were lower in PT than in T (P < 0.05). Abundance of Akt inhibitors, PHLPP and SHIP2, but not PTEN, was higher in PT than in T (P < 0.05). Activation of the Akt phosphatase, PP2A, was unaffected by feeding in PT but inhibited by feeding in T pigs (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results show that the feeding-induced activation of positive regulators of Akt is reduced by preterm birth, whereas the activation of negative regulators is enhanced. Our findings suggest that premature birth impairs the activation of Akt that is essential for channeling dietary nutrients for anabolism and likely contributes to the postnatal growth faltering of prematurity. Research Support: NIH and USDA.
PSVII-4 Flavoured drinking water improves performance of post-weaned piglets
Authors: Luna Fabrina S , Silva Bruno Alexander N , Moraes Elenice A , Carvalho Debora Cristine O , Jacob David V , Eskinazi Simon , Domingos Rodrigo L , Carvalho Illa Carla S , Cardoso Hysla M , Cardoso Larissa A , Rebordoes Flavio Igor G , Gonçalves Mateus F
Published: October 2021

Water is an absolute requirement in the daily needs of the pig. It has been suggested that after weaning, pigs may not consume enough water which impacts in their hydration. It is commonly known that providing water to piglets encourages higher feed intake and improves nutrient absorption, with a positive impact on weight gain and on post-weaning feed intake adaptation, decreasing problems caused by the transition phase from the farrowing unit to the nursery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of a flavor to the drinking water of piglets on their voluntary water intake and performance in the first week after weaning. Sixty (30 males and 30 females) commercial piglets were used, in a randomized block design, with 10 repetitions per treatment (with or without addition of 100g/ 1000 L of water of Power sweet®; Adisseo) and each repetition with 3 animals. The piglets were weighed at weaning and d 8 post weaning. Parameters evaluated were the initial and final weight; daily weight gain; average daily and total feed intake; total daily and average consumption per animal of water and correlation between feed and water consumption. The means of the variables were submitted to the Pdiff option of the SAS using the Tukey test for contrasts (P < 0.05). The addition of a flavor in the drinking water increased daily weight gain in 6.7% (P = 0.041), average daily feed consumption in 2.98% (P = 0.0014), total feed consumption in 2.96% (P = 0.0014) and increased the final weight by 1.25% (P = 0.0411) when compared the control. Feed and water intake had a positive correlation in both treatments. The addition of flavor to the drinking water increases feed and water intake, improving the piglet performance in the first week after weaning.
PSVII-5 Influences of feed intake and fiber source on energy and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs
Authors: Ha Dong Uk , Kim Beob Gyun G
Published: October 2021

The objective was to determine the influence of feed intake (FI) and fiber source on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrients in pigs. Twelve barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 34.0 ± 2.6 kg were allotted to a replicated 6 × 4 Latin square design with 6 treatments and 4 periods. The 6 treatments were consisted of a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 2 amounts of FI (9.0 and 4.5% × BW0.75) and 3 dietary fiber sources. Three diets were 1) a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (BD), 2) a diet replacing 30% of corn and soybean meal in BD with sugar beet pulp (SBP) as a source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and 3) a diet replacing 15% of corn and soybean meal in BD with corn cobs as a source of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) to obtain a similar IDF concentration as in the SBP diet. Following a 6-d adaptation, feces were collected for 5 d. The ATTD of GE, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in diets was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed at 4.5% of BW0.75 compared with those fed at 9.0% of BW0.75. The ATTD of GE, DM, OM, NDF, and ADF in SBP diet was greater (P < 0.01) than that in corn cob diet. However, there was no interaction between FI and fiber source on energy and nutrient digestibility. The ATTD of GE, DM, OM, protein, NDF, and ADF in SBP was greater (P < 0.01) than that in corn cobs. In conclusion, energy and nutrient digestibility values were increased by reduced feed intake and were greater in sugar beet pulp than in corn cobs without interaction between feed intake and fiber source.
PSVII-6 Hindgut disappearance of nutrients in a diet containing sugar beet pulp was greater than that in a diet containing corn cob with no effect of feed intake in growing pigs
Authors: Ha Dong Uk , Kim Beob Gyun G
Published: October 2021

The objective was to determine the influence of feed intake (FI) and fiber source on hindgut disappearance of energy and nutrients in pigs. Ten canulated barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 38.3 ± 5.4 kg were allotted to a replicated 5 × 4 Latin square design with 5 treatments and 4 periods. A corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (BD) and 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 amounts of FI (9.0 and 4.5% × BW0.75) and 2 fiber sources of sugar beet pulp (SBP) and corn cob were used. Three diets were 1) a BD, 2) a diet replacing 30% of corn and soybean meal in BD with SBP as a source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and 3) a diet replacing 15% of corn and soybean meal in BD with corn cobs as a source of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) to obtain a similar IDF concentration as in the SBP diet. Each period consisted of 7-d adaptation, 2-d fecal collection, and 2-d ileal collection. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) in SBP diet was less (P < 0.001) than that in corn cob diet, whereas AID of neutral detergent fiber in SBP were greater (P < 0.001) than in corn cob diet. Hindgut disappearance of energy, DM, OM, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber in SBP diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that in corn cob diet. However, no interaction between FI and fiber source on the AID, apparent total tract digestibility, and hindgut disappearance of nutrients was observed. Overall, hindgut disappearance of nutrients in sugar beet pulp diet was greater than that in corn cob diet. However, the influence of feed intake or the interaction between feed intake and fiber source was not observed.
PSXVI-9 The effectiveness of using organomineral feed additive in broiler chicken diets
Authors: Ivanishcheva Anastasia P , Sizova Elena , Lebedev Svyatoslav , Makaeva Ayna , Lutkovskaya Yana
Published: October 2021

Currently, natural biopolymer chitosan is of great interest as a component of feed additives. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of chitosan and ultra-small particles (UP) of copper and iron on nutrient absorption and the liver elemental composition of The Cross Irishmen’s Arbor Acres (n q 60). In the experiment, chickens of experimental groups were injected: I - chitosan in a dose of 1 mg / kg of feed (Evalar, Russia), II - FeSO4 × 7H2O were replaced on Fe UFP at a dose of 17.5 mg/kg of feed (Advanced Powder Technology, Tomsk) and CuSO4 × 5H2O with Cu UFP at a dose of 1.7 mg/kg of feed (Platinum Ltd., Moscow); in the III experimental group Fe and Cu introduced together with chitosan. The control group’s diet did not contain any additives. The elemental composition of organs and tissues was determined by atomic emission (Optima 2000V) and mass spectrometric (Elan 9000; Perkin Elmer, USA). The analysis showed that the absorption of raw fiber increased with separate feeding of chitosan (group I) and UFP (group II) by 5.9 and 10.7% relative to control. The joint use of chitosan and UFP (Group III) reduces this rate by 21.5% compared to control. The same trend is observed with the absorption of carbohydrates, which in the first group increased by 3.6%, and in the third group, on the contrary, decreased by 13%. In all the experimental groups there was a tendency to increase the concentration of iron in both the liver and the pen. The use of chitosan and UDC in the diets of broiler chickens is appropriate and contributes to increasing the digestibility of feed and increasing productivity. The article was published as part of the implementation of the theme No. 0761-2019-0005.
PSXVI-10 The effectiveness of using the enzyme-mineral complex in the nutrition of broiler chickens
Authors: Nechitailo Kseniya , Sizova Elena
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to study the effect of a complex of a multienzyme feed additive (Axtra® XAR 102 TPT (Danisco Animal Nutrition) 0.05% of finished feed; I gr) and in combination with ultrafine particles (UFP) of Cu (1.25 mg / kg; II gr) on productivity and morphobiochemical parameters of blood of broiler chickens (BC). BC were divided into 3 groups (n = 15). The results showed that the combined use of the enzyme preparation (EP) and Cu UFPs has a greater effect on the increase in live weight [19.6% (P < 0.05)]. The introduction of only an EP into the diet has a lesser effect on the increase in live weight, which was 18.8% ahead of the control. In the experimental groups, there was an increase in the coefficient of digestibility of nutrients (P < 0.05). The addition of Cu UFPs increased the digestibility of crude fat [3.3% (P < 0.05)]. Analysis of metabolites in blood serum demonstrates the absence of the toxic effect of the introduced additives. There was a decrease in aspartate aminotransferase: in group I by 8.3%, in group II by 4.6% (P < 0.05). The composition of the lipid profile changed, stimulation of erythropoiesis and an increase in the amount of hemoglobin were registered both with joint and separate feeding of the EP and Cu UFPs. Thus, the introduction of just an EP reduced cholesterol levels by 10%, and in combination with Cu UFPs by 2.15%, triglycerides by 33.1% (P < 0.05). Thus, it was found that the combination of a multi-enzyme preparation and Cu UFPs has the potential to be used as a biologically active feed additive and causes an increase in the digestibility, and therefore, the productivity of BC. The research was carried out with financial support from RSF (20-16-00078).
PSXVI-3 Supplemental effects of Bacillus sp. in prevention of post-weaning diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic F18+ Escherichia coli in nursery pigs
Authors: Duarte Marcos E , Kim Sung Woo
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the effects of Bacillus sp. on intestinal health and prevention of diarrhea by F18+ Escherichia coli (ETEC) in nursery pigs. Forty-eight weaned pigs (7.9 ± 0.5 kg BW) were allotted to 4 treatments with 12 replicates (NC: no-challenge; PC: challenge/no-treat; BMD: challenge/bacitracin; BAC: challenge/Bacillus sp. at 109 CFU/kg feed). All pigs were fed diets for 28 d. At d 7, challenged groups were orally inoculated with ETEC (1.8 × 1010 CFU) and NC group received sterile solution. Growth performance was analyzed weekly and pigs were euthanized on d 28 to measure intestinal health. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. There were no difference on growth performance among treatments during pre-challenge period. From d 7 to 14, PC tended to reduce (P = 0.067) ADG (352 to 440 g/d), whereas no effect was observed during the overall period. The PC increased (P < 0.05) fecal score at d 7 (post-challenge) (4.1 to 3.3) and d 8 (4.1 to 3.3), whereas BMD decreased (P < 0.05) it at d 9 (4.3 to 3.5) and d 11 (3.8 to 3.3). The PC increased (P < 0.05) MDA (0.56 to 0.30 μmol/mg protein) and tended to increase TNFα (P = 0.084; 0.89 to 1.04 pg/mg protein), whereas BMD and BAC reduced (P < 0.05) MDA (0.56 to 0.31, 0.29 μmol/mg protein) and TNFα (1.04 to 0.81, 0.77 pg/mg protein) in jejunal mucosa. The PC reduced (P < 0.05) α-diversity (Chao1: 32.3 to 19.4), whereas BAC increased it (Chao1: 19.4 to 30.7) whereas BMD increased (P < 0.05) it (Shannon: 1.85 to 2.44; Simpson: 0.55 to 0.70) of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. In conclusion, ETEC challenge caused diarrhea, increased immune response, and oxidative stress by disrupting mucosa-associated microbiota. The BMD and BAC reduced jejunal immune response and oxidative stress by restoring mucosa-associated microbiota.
PSXVI-4 Supplemental effects of increasing levels of soy protein concentrate replacing animal protein supplements on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs
Authors: Deng Zixiao , Duarte Marcos E , Kim Sung Woo
Published: October 2021

This study evaluated supplemental effects of increasing levels of soy protein concentrate (SPC) replacing animal protein supplements on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. Thirty-two newly weaned pigs (6.4 ± 0.4 kg BW) were allotted to 4 treatments in a RCBD with initial BW and sex as blocks and fed for 35 d in 3 phases (P1/2/3 for 10/12/13 d, respectively) following NRC (2012). Dietary treatments were SPC-0 (diet with fish meal 4/2/1%, poultry meal 10/8/4%, and blood plasma 4/2/1% for P1/2/3, respectively); SPC-1, SPC-2, and SPC-3 (SPC-0 with SPC replacing 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of animal protein supplements). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to the diets as indigestible marker from d 30. Growth performance was recorded for each phase. Pigs were euthanized on d 35 to collect jejunal tissue to measure intestinal health, and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Overall, increasing levels of SPC replacing animal proteins reduced linearly (P < 0.05) the BW (21.4 to 17.3 kg), ADG (431 to 312 g/d), and ADFI (551 to 390 g/d) of pigs. The G:F decreased linearly (P < 0.05) on P1 (0.72 to 0.52). Increasing levels of SPC replacing animal proteins did not affect the AID of nutrients. Immunoglobulin A tended to increase (P = 0.099, 3.39 to 5.55 mg/mg of protein) when SPC supplemental levels were compared with the control group. Increasing levels of SPC replacing animal proteins did not affect the concentration of MDA, TNF-a, IL-8, protein carbonyl, and IgG and villus height, villus width, and crypt cells proliferation among treatments. Collectively, increasing level of SPC supplement did not negatively affect the intestinal health and digestibility of nutrients, whereas linearly reduced the growth performance.
PSXVI-7 Supplemental effects of Lactobacillus extract postbiotics in prevention of post-weaning diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic F18+ Escherichia coli in nursery pigs
Authors: Xu Xiangyi , Duarte Marcos E , Kim Sung Woo
Published: October 2021

This study determined the supplemental effects of Lactobacillus extract (LBE) postbiotics on intestinal health and prevention of postweaning diarrhea caused by F18+ Escherichia coli (ETEC) in nursery pigs. Sixty-four weaned pigs (6.6 ± 0.7 kg BW) were allotted in a RCBD to 4 dietary treatments (NC: no-challenge; PC: challenge/no-treat; BMD: challenge/bacitracin; LBE: challenge/LBE 0.2%) and fed diets for 28 d. At d 7, challenged groups were orally inoculated with ETEC (2.4 x 1010 CFU) and NC group received sterile solution. Growth performance was analyzed weekly and pigs were euthanized on d 28 to measure intestinal health. Data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4. During post-challenge period, PC tended to decrease (P = 0.067) ADG (373 to 284 g/d), whereas BMD increased (P < 0.05) ADG (284 to 408 g/d); LBE tended to increase (P = 0.081) ADG (284 to 370 g/d). PC increased fecal score (P < 0.05, 3.4 to 3.9) on d 14, whereas BMD decreased it (P < 0.05, 3.9 to 3.5) on d 21. PC increased (P < 0.05) protein carbonyl (0.76 to 1.12 nmol/mg protein), crypt cell proliferation (28 to 36%), and Helicobacter rodentium (0.4 to 3.7%). However, BMD decreased (P < 0.05) crypt cell proliferation (36 to 32%) and Helicobacter spp. (15.0 to 1.4%); and increased (P < 0.05) villus height (309 to 377 µm), Bifidobacterium boum (0.04 to 2.0%), Pelomonas spp. (1.5 to 8.5%), and Microbacterium ginsengisoli (0.5 to 3.0%). LBE reduced (P < 0.05) crypt cell proliferation (36 to 27%) and Helicobacter rodentium (3.7 to 0.04%); and increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacillus salivarius (0.3 to 4.1%) and Propionibacterium acnes (0.4 to 7.4%). Collectively, ETEC reduced growth performance by adversely affecting microbiota and intestinal health. BMD and LBE improved growth performance by enhancing intestinal health and increasing beneficial microbiota in ETEC challenged pigs.
PSXII-22 Relationship between beef cow fertility and maternal immunity
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Amin , Corpron McKenzie , Rezamand Pedram , Huo Qun
Published: October 2021

Immunity plays important role in reproduction. There is evidence that maternal immunity changes from a type 1 to a type 2-biased during pregnancy and lack of such a shift may contribute to unsuccessful pregnancy in animals. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between relative balance between type 1 and type 2 and fertility in suckled beef cows by characterizing relative quantity ratio of IgG 1 and 2 subclasses (IgG1/IgG2). Angus-Hereford cows (n = 394) were synchronized (d0) with a 5-d CIDR protocol. Estrous behavior was monitored using estrus detection aids and visual observation from d5 until AI (d8). On d8 all cows were inseminated at a fixed time and blood samples were collected form to be examined for type1/type/2 ratio and progesterone (P4). A new rapid blood test (D2Dx) was used to assess the type 1/type 2 immunity balance by measuring the relative quantity ratio of IgG1 and IgG2. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasound 48 to 63 days after AI. Overall pregnancy per AI was 51%. Mean relative quantity of IgG1/IgG2 was different (P < 0.05) between non-pregnant and pregnant cows. There was negative relationship between relative IgG/IgG2 ratio and probability of pregnancy to AI (P < 0.05). As IgG1/IgG2 ratio increased, probability of P/AI decreased. Mean relative IgG1/IgG2 ratio was lesser (P < 0.05) in cows detected in estrus vs non-estural cows. There was no correlation between serum P4 concentrations and IgG1/IgG2 ratio. The results indicate that blood IgG1/IgG2 at the time AI has a potential to be used as a marker for pregnancy prediction in beef cows.
PSXII-16 Fertility affects in yearling beef heifers grazing triticale before artificial insemination
Authors: Johnson Sandy , Holman John
Published: October 2021

Our objective was to compare two systems of pre-breeding heifer development, drylot (D) or grazing winter triticale (T) on heifer fertility. In each of 4 years (yr), Black Angus heifers (n = 168, 86, 97 and 103, respectively) were allotted to treatment (trt) 32 to 50 days (d) prior to artificial insemination (AI). Each year a 14-d CIDR PG protocol was used to synchronize estrus (d-30 to d-16: 1.38 g progesterone intravaginal insert, CIDR; d 0: 25 mg dinoprost tromethamine injection; + 66 hours: 100 µg gonadorelin hydrochloride injection, and AI). Starting body weight and body condition were similar between treatments but differed by year (P < 0.01). After CIDR removal, 83% were in estrus by d -10 and did not differ with trt or yr. Weight at AI was greater (P < 0.01) for T (384 kg ± 2) than D (378 kg ± 2) with a trt by yr interaction. Body condition change between start of treatment and AI was greater (P < 0.01) for T (0.44 ± 0.03) than D (-0.02 ± 0.04) with a trt by yr interaction (P < 0.01) due to the magnitude of difference. A trt by yr interaction occurred for estrous response before AI (P < 0.01). Treatment means for AIPR were 59.1% (143/242) for D and 42.1% (101/240) for T (trt; P < 0.01). AIPR was similar between treatments in yr 1 and higher for D than T in subsequent yr (trt x yr, P < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen was greater (P < 0.05) in T than D on d 0 and at AI. At the time of AI, triticale was more mature in yr 1 when there was no difference in AIPR. Grazing triticale during estrus synchronization and AI resulted in acceptable gains but decreased fertility in yearling beef heifers.
PSXII-14 Estimation of phosphatidylserine positive sperm in fresh bull semen
Authors: Haines Hannah , Stewart Jamie L , Wege Dias Nicholas W , Pancini Stefania , Clark Sherrie , Leeth Caroline , Lysiak Jeffrey , Rodrigues Gomes Mercadante Vitor R G
Published: October 2021

Previous research demonstrated that phosphatidylserine (PS), a marker for apoptosis, plays a role in murine sperm fertilization capacity; however, less is known of the role of PS in bovine fertilization. The objective of this experiment was to determine the concentration of PS positive sperm on fresh bovine semen (n = 4). A breeding soundness evaluation was performed and electroejaculation was used to collect semen which was immediately evaluated for ejaculate density and gross motility through visual evaluation. Semen smears of semen mixed with an eosin-nigrosin strain were prepared on glass microscope slides. Semen was mixed with OptiXcell™ (IMV Technologies) semen extender, a 0.5 mL sample from each bull was washed with non-capacitating media and then incubated at 37.5°C 5% CO2 with capacitating media for 60 minutes. Samples were stained with Annexin V FITC and 7AAD for 15 minutes each. Samples were analyzed using a Flow Cytometer to determine the percentage of PS positive sperm. Bull 1 had a scrotal circumference of 37.5 cm, ejaculate density of 400–750 million sperm/mL, very good gross motility, 78% sperm with normal morphology, and 14.65% PS positive sperm. Bull 2 had a scrotal circumference of 37 cm, ejaculate density of 400–750 million sperm/mL, very good gross motility, 84% sperm with normal morphology, and 17.05% PS positive sperm. Bull 3 had a scrotal circumference of 39.5 cm, ejaculate density of 250–400 million sperm/mL, fair gross motility, 48% sperm with normal morphology, and 12.8% PS positive sperm. Bull 4 had a scrotal circumference of 38 cm, ejaculate density of 400–750 million sperm/mL, good gross motility, 68% of sperm with normal morphology, and 12.65% PS positive sperm. Our data demonstrate the possibility of identifying live PS positive sperm in fresh ejaculate from bulls. The possibility exists that PS plays a role in sperm oocyte fusion and fertilization in the bovine.
PSXII-13 Blood flow parameters in ovine fetuses from different sires
Authors: Checura Celina M , Atkinson Katherine , Boulos Natalie , Crowfoot Emma , Friend Hannah , Jackson Sophia , Lubowicki Shelby , Silva Camila , Bridges William , Duckett Susan K , Walker Eric
Published: October 2021

Placental and fetal development are influenced by paternal genes. Doppler ultrasonography was performed on pregnant ewes to examine the effect of sire on fetal and placental blood flow parameters. Twenty Suffolk ewes were randomly assigned to either a Suffolk ram or a Texel ram. Only ewes carrying twins were used for the study. Ultrasound exams were performed at 60, 90, and 120 (± 3) days post-breeding. Umbilical artery and fetal aorta blood-flow velocities, and aorta vessel diameter were measured. Blood flow velocities were used to calculate the resistance index (RI), which was used for statistical analysis (Glimmix, SAS). Gestational age and weight at birth were recorded. There were 5 Suffolk x Suffolk (SxS) and 6 Suffolk x Texel (SxT) ewes carrying twins to term. For umbilical artery RI, there was no significant (P < 0.05) effect of breed; there was significant effect of time (0.89 ± 0.03a; 0.63 ± 0.03b; 0.59 ± 0.03b LSM ± SE for days 60, 90, and 120 respectively); and there was no interaction. For aorta RI, there was no significant effect of breed; there was significant effect of time (0.73 ± 0.03a; 0.67 ± 0.03ab; 0.63 ± 0.03b for days 60, 90, and 120 respectively); and there was no interaction. For aorta diameter, the effect of breed approached significance (P = 0.054), SxS had a larger average diameter (0.50 ± 0.02 cm) than SxT (0.45 ± 0.01 cm); there was significant effect of time (0.24 ± 0.03a; 0.46 ± 0.02b; 0.72 ± 0.02c cm for days 60; 90; and 120 respectively); and there was no interaction. There were no significant differences between sires for weight or gestational age at birth. The results correspond with the changes in fetal and placental vascular resistance over time; however, further research is needed to expand our knowledge on the effect of sire.