bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF PULMONARY DENERVATION ON THE MECHANICAL FUNCTION OF THE RIGHT HEART CHAMBERS IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Mamchur S. E. , Tokmakov E. V. , Nagirnyak O. A. , Khomenko E. A. , Chichkova T. Y. , Romanova M. P. , Mamchur I. N.
Published: June 2019

Aim. To estimate mechanical function of the right heart chambers after the pulmonary denervation in comparison with the sham procedure using right heart catheterization (RHC) and echocardiography.

Methods. Twelve patients with different clinical types of pulmonary hypertension were included in the study. All patients were randomized into two groups: Group I patients (n = 6) underwent the pulmonary denervation, Group II patients (n = 6) had sham procedure. All the patients had functional class 3 pulmonary hypertension. The patient screening was performed using echocardiography findings, and the final decision was made after RHC. After including in the study the RHC was done three times: before the procedure, immediately after it, and on the 12th months of the follow-up. Echocardiographic measurement of the right heart parameters was performed four times: a day before the procedure, immediately after it, on the 5th day and on the 12th months of the follow-up.

Results. No complications during the procedure and the follow-up were registered. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the RHC parameters between groups at the second and the third control points. The same findings were determined after echocardiographic analysis.

Conclusion. Pulmonary denervation does not have statistically significant effect on the mechanical function of the right heart chambers within the 12-months follow-up.
THE ROLE OF HYPOVOLEMIA AND HEMOREOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION DISEASES IN THE POSTRESUSCITATION PERIOD OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Lisachenko G. V. , Budaev A. V. , Bannih S. V.
Published: June 2019

Aim. To determine the role of volume imbalance and alterations in the rheological properties of blood in the pathogenesis of postresuscitation hemocirculatory disorders in dogs after clinical death due to acute myocardial infarction.

Methods. Changes in systemic hemodynamics, volume and dynamic viscosity of circulating blood within a 5-minute period after clinical death due to myocardial infarction were evaluated in a dog model. 152 dogs received pentobarbital anesthesia.

Results. In the early postresuscitation period after myocardial infarction dogs developed phase changes in systemic hemodynamics, volume and dynamic viscosity of circulating blood with an increase in the target indicators, followed by their decrease and final normalization as compared to the baseline. The development of postresuscitation systemic hyperperperfusion (1–3 min) was associated with significantly increased blood volume and its components. The subsequently decreased perfusion volume (5–30 min) was caused by depressed contractile function of the heart. The further progression (1–9 hours) of the hypoperfusion syndrome was mainly attributed to hypovolemia, increased dynamic viscosity of the blood and the viscoelastic properties of the red blood cells. The contribution of heart rhythm disturbances (polytopic ventricular extrasystoles) to the development of circulatory failure 4–5 hours after the successful resuscitation was determined. The subsequent hemodynamic improvements were associated with the normalization of the circulating plasma volume and hemorheological properties of the blood.

Conclusion. Staged disorders of the systemic circulation formed in the recovery period after clinical death following acute myocardial infarction. They were accompanied by the alterations in the volume and dynamic viscosity of the circulating blood. Immediately after the revival, elevated values of the hemodynamic parameters were attributed to the increased blood flow as well as to the increased in plasma and globular components. The initial (5–30 min) decrease in the cardiac output was caused by impaired myocardial contractility. After a recovery period of 1–9 hours, a progressive decrease in the perfusion volume demonstrated a direct linear relationship with a deficit of blood flow and its plasma component. Heart rhythm disturbances contributed to the development of insufficient blood circulation in the 4–5-hour recovery period. Thus, hypovolemia and the hyperviscous syndrome associated with it significantly contributed to the development of insufficient systemic circulation within the 1–9-hour recovery period after clinical death provoked by myocardial infarction.
BIODEGRADABLE VASCULAR GRAFT REINFORCED WITH A BIODEGRADABLE SHEATH
Authors: Antonova L. V. , Krivkina E. O. , Rezvova M. A. , Sevost'yanova V. V. , Mironov A. V. , Glushkova T. V. , Klyshnikov K. Yu. , Ovcharenko E. A. , Kudryavceva Yu. A. , Barbarash L. S.
Published: June 2019

Background. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts can be reinforced by a biostable or biodegradable polymer sheath. A combination of electrospinning, routinely used for fabrication of biodegradable tubular grafts, and the layer-by-layer coating allows forming a polymeric sheath ensuring long-term integrity and high biocompatibility of the vascular grafts after the implantation. Aim To evaluate mechanical properties and in vivo performance of biodegradable small-diameter vascular grafts with a reinforcing sheath.

Methods. Tubular grafts (4 mm diameter) were fabricated from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) by emulsion electrospinning with the incorporation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into the inner third of the graft and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) along with stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) into the outer two thirds of the graft wall. Poly(ε-caprolactone) sheath was formed by the layer-by-layer coating. Upon graft fabrication, scanning electron microscopy was performed to assess the grafts’ surface, tensile testing allowed evaluating mechanical properties. The samples were implanted into the ovine carotid artery (n = 5 animals) for 12 months with the subsequent histological examination.

Results. Sintering temperature of 160°C during the extrusion allowed effective and delicate merging of poly(ε-caprolactone) coating with the outer surface of the poly(3hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/poly(ε-caprolactone) tubular graft. The thickness of poly(ε-caprolactone) fiber was 380–400 μm, the increment of the reinforcing filament was 1 mm. The reinforcing sheath led to a 3-fold increase in durability and elastic modulus of the vascular grafts. At the 12-months follow-up, the grafts reported retained integrity. No signs of inflammation or calcification were found.

Conclusion. The poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) vascular grafts with hierarchically incorporated growth factors and the reinforced poly(ε-caprolactone) spiral sheath demonstrated improved mechanical properties while retaining integrity and high biocompatibility after the long-term implantation into the ovine carotid artery.
Experimental study of possible development of abstinence syndrome after long use of energetic drinks
Authors: Zenkova E. A.
Published: June 2019

Aim. To study in experiment the possible syndrome of withdrawal after a 30-day peroral use of energetic drinks.

Materials and methods.In the groups of laboratory animals, who had caffeine solution (CS) and energetic drink (ED), as the only source of drinking in free access so as to form a stable use, and in the control group of rats, who received purified water (duration of experiment – 4 weeks), one day after the withdrawal there were studied body mass indices, behavioral functions (cognitive processes, anxiety, behaviour) and rectal temperature.

Results. The 1.5-2-fold reduction of motor activity in white rats was established; it was reflected in decreased number of postures and crossed squares in the device “open field”.The increase in anxiety level against the background of energetic drink withdrawal was detected in “dark-light camera” with perforations. At the same time, no changes in motor activity and anxiety level were registered in the group of caffeine users. The following characteristic features of withdrawal syndrome as tooth chatter and gnashing, shaking arms and pads, ptosis, were registered in 87.5 %, 75 % and 37.5 %, respectively, in the group of energetic drink users, and 14.3 %, 42.9 %, 28.6 % in the group of caffeine solution users. During a 30-day period of using energetic drink by white rats, there was observed a negative dynamics of their weight.

Conclusions. The decrease in motor activity, increase in anxiety level and presence of a number of signs, does not allow excluding the presence of withdrawal syndrome after a long use of energetic drinks, and in most cases, expression of the signs of withdrawal syndrome exceeds that of caffeine. This fact, in our opinion, needs more detailed studying.
VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA QUALIDADE DO CAFÉ CEREJA
Authors: Baesso M. M. , Koja F. T. P. , Chi Lin Sun A. , Modolo A. J. , Caneppele F. L.
Published: June 2019

A qualidade do café pode variar espacialmente em uma mesma área de acordo com as interações do cenário ambiental e genético apresentado à cultura. Essa variabilidade espacial pode ser decisiva para o produtor, visto que o valor comercial do café é influenciado pela sua qualidade. Uma alternativa viável para supor a qualidade do café é a partir do teor de sólidos solúveis (graus brix) do fruto. Dessa forma, foi analisado a variabilidade espacial do teor de sólidos no café conilon, colhido no estágio cereja, visando determinar as zonas de manejo em termos de qualidade. O método foi desenvolvido em uma propriedade de 2 ha, no município de Ribeirão Corrente, no norte do Estado de São Paulo. Foi realizada uma amostragem georreferenciada do café cereja e aferição dos valores de brix, por meio de um refratômetro portátil. A análise dos dados foi feita pelos métodos de dendrograma e “K means”, definindo três classes para os valores de brix, abaixo de 16,5, entre 16,6 e 19,7 e superiores a 19,8. Em seguida obteve-se um mapa que indica a variabilidade espacial dos graus brix dos frutos de café cereja e conclui-se que há uma pequena área da propriedade com maior potencial para a produção de um café de qualidade superior. Indicando, a oportunidade de emprego de um manejo específico que privilegie a comercialização dos frutos produzidos nesse local.
CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS E DE EMERGÊNCIA DE SEMENTES DE Cordia trichotoma (VELL.) ARRAB. EX STEUD) ARMAZENADAS EM CONDIÇÃO AMBIENTE
Authors: Maffra C. R. B.
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar as características físicas e de emergência de sementes de louro-pardo (Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. Ex Steud) armazenadas em condição ambiente. As sementes utilizadas no experimento foram coletadas de seis árvores matrizes e armazenadas por 120 dias. Decorrido este período, realizou-se a caracterização dos aspectos físicos e de emergência das sementes de cada árvore matriz conforme as Regras de Análises de Sementes. Os testes realizados foram: peso de mil sementes; número de sementes/kg; teor de umidade; emergência e IVG. Em média, obteve-se peso de mil sementes de 31,25 g, número de sementes por quilograma de 32.557 e teor de umidade de 11,91%. Quanto à emergência e IVG, seus valores médios foram 1,56% e 0,45 respectivamente. As matrizes de louro-pardo apresentam diferença quanto ao potencial de emergência, sendo que o período de armazenamento de 120 dias em condição ambiente reduz drasticamente a viabilidade das sementes.
ARQUITETURA FOLIAR EM POPULAÇÕES DE MILHO DE CICLOS CONTRASTANTES
Authors: Borella J. , Leschewitz R. , Trautenmüller J. W.
Published: June 2019

O conhecimento da arquitetura foliar, bem como área foliar de populações crioulas é importante para poder selecionar materiais promissores para futuros cruzamentos. O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o perfil das plantas de milho de ciclo superprecoce, precoce e tardio em seus diferentes estágios vegetativos, levando em consideração a disponibilidade hídrica e determinar a área foliar. A população usada no experimento era composta por 21 acessos, sendo sete para cada ciclo (superprecoce, precoce e tardio). Foram feitas avaliações de comprimento da folha, largura de folha, altura de planta, área foliar por estádio vegetativo, altura de inserção da espiga, comprimento e ramificações do pendão, comprimento de internódios, diâmetro do colmo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, ao grau de significância de 5% de erro pelo teste de Tukey. Os genótipos de ciclo superprecoce, precoce e tardio avaliados nos anos 1 e 2 apresentam arquitetura foliar de pentágono irregular invertido. O maior incremento em área foliar ocorre a partir do estágio V10 em populações crioulas para os diferentes ciclos. A disponibilidade de água no solo afeta diretamente a área foliar principalmente no período vegetativo e, consequentemente, componentes como diâmetro do colmo e distância de internódios.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF A R744/R134A CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM: EXERGETIC, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SENSITIVE ANALYSIS (3ES)
Authors: KESHTKAR Mohammad Mehdi
Published: June 2019

This work presents the
optimization of a two stage-cascade refrigeration system (TS-CRS), based on
exergetic, economic, environmental, and sensitive analysis (3ES). R134a and
R744 are considered as the refrigerants of high and low temperature circuits,
respectively. Two single-optimization strategies including exergetic and
economic optimizations and a multi-objective optimization are applied on the
problem. In the first step, a comprehensive performance evaluation of different
effective parameters, based on the genetic algorithm, used to indicate the
optimum operative conditions in single objective strategies. In the next step,
a multi-objective optimization is performed with considering a decision-making
strategy based on the Pareto frontier using TOPSIS method. The higher exergetic
efficiency and lower cost found in the exergetic and economic
single-optimization, respectively. The multi-objective optimization results
demonstrate that, the total system cost and the exergetic efficiency increase
28.6% and 99.5%, respectively, compared to the base design, and 46.6% higher
energy can be saved in the compressors.
Safety Evaluation of Topical Application of Nano-Liposomal Form of Amphotericin B (SinaAmpholeish) on Healthy Volunteers; Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: ESKANDARI Seyed Ebrahim , FIROOZ Alireza , NASSIRI-KASHANI Mansour , JAAFARI Mahmoud Reza , JAVADI Amir , MIRAMIN MOHAMMADI Akram , KHAMESIPOUR Ali
Published: June 2019

Background: We aimed to evaluate the safety of SinaAmpholeish in a double-blind, randomized, phase 1 clinical trial in healthy human volunteers.
Methods: The study was carried out in DermaLab of Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2012. A topical Nano-liposomal formulation of 0.4% Amphotericin B was developed against Leishmania under trade name of SinaAmpholeish. In this randomized, double-blind, right-left, comparative, phase I clinical trial, in 2 steps; 7 and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited and applied SinaAmpholeish on the right and its vehicle on the left volar side of forearm, twice a day for one week or 3 times a day for two weeks. Seven biophysical skin parameters were measured in standard conditions before and 2 wk after application.
Results: There was no adverse effect when SinaAmpholeish and its vehicle were used twice a day for seven days. However, when were used 3 times a day for two weeks, both SinaAmpholeish and its vehicle induced severe local skin reactions in 2 volunteers leading to discontinuation of application. Mild and temporary local reactions were observed in about half of the application sides and there was no significant difference between SinaAmpholeish and its vehicle.
Conclusion: The new formulation is safe and worth to be tested in further phase 2 clinical trial and since there was no adverse effect with twice a day application it was decided to use SinaAmpholeish twice a day in phase 2 clinical trial.
Comprehensive Study of Phenotypic and Growth Rate Features of Blastocystis Subtypes 1-3 and 6 in Symptomatic and Asymp-tomatic Subjects
Authors: KARAMATI Seyed Ahmad , MIRJALALI Hamed , NIYYATI Maryam , REZAEI RIABI Tahereh , YADEGAR Abbas , ASADZADEH AGHDAEI Hamid , HAGHIGHI Ali , SEYYED TABAEI Seyyed Javad , ZALI Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2019

Background: The present study aimed to assess the grouping of subtypes 1-3 and 6 of Blastocystis according to the size and generation time of the parasite among the symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects.
Methods: Blastocystis subtypes1-3 and 6 isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects and were cultivated in DMEM medium. In order to assess inter- and intra-subtype variation in size, all the isolates were measured using morphometric criteria. Generation time was calculated using approximately 1×104 Blastocystis, which were cultivated in DMEM, every 24h for 4 days.
Results: All subtypes had 5 to 185 μm diameter range. The smallest size was attributed to ST1, followed by ST6 and ST2. ST3 showed the most variable size and phenotypes compared with the other three subtypes. Furthermore, amoeboid forms and parasite clumping were only seen in ST3-S (symptomatic subjects). Generation time analysis showed that the number of ST1 isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects peaked higher than the other subtypes.
Conclusion: This is the first study discussing inter-intra-size, phenotype and generation time variations among 4 common subtypes of Blastocystis. Accordingly, ST3 was largest subtype and showed most diversities in both size and phenotype, while ST1 was smallest subtype with lowest intra-subtype variation.
The Lethal Effect of a Nano Emulsion of Satureja hortensis Essential Oil on Protoscoleces and Germinal Layer of Hydatid Cysts
Authors: MOAZENI Mohammad , SAHARKHIZ Mohammad Jamal , ALAVI Amir Mootabi
Published: June 2019

Background: New scolicidal agents and novel therapeutic drugs are essential for better management of the zoonotic infection, hydatid disease. This study evaluated the effect of a nanoemulsion (NE) of Satureja hortensis essential oil (SHEO) on protoscoleces and germinal layer of hydatid cysts.
Methods: This study was conducted from July to October 2016 in Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed to identify the main components of SHEO. To determine the scolicidal power of the NE of SHEO, live protoscoleces of hydatid cysts were exposed to two concentrations (1 and, 2 mg/mL) of the NE and incubated at 37 °C for 10 and 20 min. To evaluate the anti-hydatid effect of the NE of SHEO, the collected hydatid cysts from the abdominal cavities of the experimentally infected mice were immersed in the NE (0.5 mg/ml) and incubated at 22 °C for 24 h.
Results: Carvacrol and γ-terpinene were the major components of the SHEO. NE of SHEO at the concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/mL showed 100% scolicidal power after 20 and 10 min respectively. Exposure of the hydatid cysts to the NE of SHEO resulted in crumpling of their germinal layer and detachment of this layer from the laminated layer.
Conclusion: NE of SHEO showed a strong scolicidal activity as well as a profound lethal effect on the germinal layer of hydatid cysts. Accordingly, this product may be used as a natural scolicidal agent in hydatid cyst surgery. Furthermore, it may be used as a therapeutic tool for treatment of hydatid disease.
Molecular Detection of Leishmania spp. in Skin and Blood of Stray Dogs from Endemic Areas of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia
Authors: D. ALANAZI Abdullah , PUSCHENDORF Robert , S. ALYOUSIF Mohamed , S. Al-KHALIFA Mohamed , A. ALHARBI Samir , S. AL-SHEHRI Zafer , E. SAID Ashraf , O. ALANAZI Ibrahim , I. AL-MOHAMMED Hamdan , A. ALRAEY Yasser
Published: June 2019

Background: Dogs can act as reservoirs of canine leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania species. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis using a PCR technique among stray dogs living in three provinces of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Al-Ahsa Oasis and Al-Qaseem, where the disease is endemic; and to identify and document different Leishmania to species levels
Methods: This cross-sectional investigation was conducted, from Mar 2016 to Apr 2018, in three parts of Saudi Arabia: Central province (Riyadh), Eastern province (Al-Ahsa Oasis) and Al-Qaseem province. Blood samples were collected from 526 dogs; 40 presented cutaneous nodules so were suspected clinically of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Biopsy tissue collections and parasite cultures were performed. A generic kDNA was performed using different primers for Leishmania differentiation.
Results: All blood samples were negative for Leishmania infantum infection by molecular analysis, though forty dogs had thick cutaneous lesions in different parts of their body. Four dogs’ skin lesions were associated with dermatitis, splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. Parasite culture was used to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis, identifying 31/40 (77.5%) positive samples. Overall, of 526 samples, the prevalence of L. major and L. tropica was found to be 4% and 1.9%, respectively. Gender and age had a significant effect on Leishmania prevalence: (P=0.0212 and 0.0357), respectively.
Conclusion: This was the first molecular study of dog leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia of dogs confirmed to have cutaneous leishmaniasis. Further epidemiological and molecular investigations of domestic and wild canine infections with L. major, L. tropica and L. infantum in endemic and nonendemic areas of Saudi Arabia are required, for leishmaniasis control.
In Vitro and in Vivo Scolicidal Activities of Holothuria leuco-spilota Extract and CeO2 Nanoparticles against Hydatid Cyst
Authors: ARYAMAND Safa , KHADEMVATAN Shahram , HAZRATI TAPPEH Khosrow , HESHMATIAN Behnam , JELODAR Ali
Published: June 2019

Background: We aimed to investigate the scolicidal effects of Holothuria leucospilota extract and CeO2 nanoparticles against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts in-vitro and in-vivo.
Methods: Hydatid cysts were collected from, Urmia slaughterhouses between years 2016-2017 and the hydatid fluid aspirated from the fertile cysts. Various concentration of H. leucospilota extract, CeO2 NPs and combination of CeO2-NPs/H. leucospilota were used for 10-60 min to evaluate the viability of protoscoleces by 0.1% eosin method. CASPASE -3 activity measured for assessment of cell apoptosis in treated protoscoleces. BALB/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with 2000 viable protoscoleces and treated daily for 4 wk by intragastrical inoculation with H. leucospilota, CeO2 NPs, combination of CeO2 NPs/H. leucospilota and Albendazole. Cyst development was macroscopically analyzed.
Results: H. leucospilota extract and combination of CeO2 NPs/H. leucospilota have potent scolicidal activity at concentration of 20 mg/ml and 15 mg/ml after 60 min treatment. Maximum caspase-3 activity was observed when protoscoleces expose with H. leucospilota and combination H. leucospilota & CeO2 NPs. After treatment of cyst infected mice with extract and CeO2 NPs, combination of CeO2 NPs/H leucospilota and albendazole, a significant decrease in number of cysts, size and volume of cyst (P<0.05) was observed.
Conclusion: This result shows an antihydatic and scolicidal effects of H. leucospilota extract and CeO2 NPs.
Trypanosoma evansi and “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae” Co-Infection in One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) from the Northwest of Iran: A Case Report
Authors: ESMAEILNEJAD Bijan , SAADI Aram , DALIR-NAGHADEH Bahram , SAMIEI Awat , MOHAMMADI Vahid , PIRNEJAD-TALATAPEH Ali , EHTESHAMFAR Shahin
Published: June 2019

A 4-year-old male one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) was referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Urmia University, Iran in 2017 with anorexia, weakness, depression and pale mucosa. Decreased red blood cell count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration were detected by complete blood cell count. In Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears Trypanosoma spp. trypomastigotes scattered between erythrocytic spaces and Mycoplasma-like organisms were observed attached to the surface of erythrocytes. Species-specific PCR assay confirmed T. evansi and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae (CMhl) co-infection. Administration of diminazene aceturate, oxytetracycline 20%, flunixin meglumine and phosphorus-vitamin B12 were not effective in treatment. Hemoplasmosis should be considered as an important differential diagnosis of conditions associated with hemolytic anemia in camel.
HANNAH ARENDT E A QUESTÃO NEGRA NA DESSEGREGAÇÃO DA ESCOLA DE LITTLE ROCK, 1957
Authors: Briskievicz Danilo Arnaldo , Ferreira Amauri Carlos
Published: June 2019

RESUMO. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o caso de dessegregação racial educacional acontecido na capital do Arkansas, Little Rock, nos Estados Unidos da América, em 4 de setembro de 1957. Para iluminar o contexto social e político das discussões sobre o polêmico caso, retomamos o controverso ensaio de Hannah Arendt publicado em 1959, intitulado Reflexões sobre Little Rock. Contamos, brevemente, a luta dos movimentos sociais norte-americanos ligados à questão negra até o caso Little Rock. Apresentamos variadas relações entre o caso Little Rock e algumas categorias do pensamento arendtiano como igualdade de direitos, mundo comum, responsabilidade, ação, discurso, visibilidade e crise do mundo moderno. Esclarecemos que o mundo comum é uma história comum tecida como resultado da ação e do discurso, em que os agentes se revelam pela palavra, pela voz e pelo gesto. Por fim, evidenciamos que duas mulheres foram escolhidas para narrar Little Rock: Elizabeth Eckford, a estudante de 15 anos que foi hostilizada publicamente e teve seu gesto imortalizado numa fotografia; e outra, Hannah Arendt. A imagem de Eckford foi republicada em diversos jornais, foi vista por Hannah Arendt que reconheceu Little Rock como um caso emblemático para a política e escreveu seu artigo.    ABSTRACT. The purpose of this article is to discuss the case of educational racial desegregation that took place in Arkansas, Little Rock, United States of America, on September 4, 1957. To illuminate the social and political context of the controversial case, we resume the controversial essay by Hannah Arendt published in 1959, entitled Reflections on Little Rock. We briefly recount the struggle of the American social movements linked to the black issue until the Little Rock case. We present various relationships between the Little Rock affair and some categories of Arendtian thought as equal rights, common world, responsibility, action, discourse, visibility and crisis of the modern world. We clarify that the common world is a common history woven as a result of action and discourse, in which agents are revealed by word, voice and gesture. Finally, we note that two women were chosen to narrate Little Rock: Elizabeth Eckford, the 15-year-old student who was publicly harassed and had her gesture immortalized in a photograph; and another, Hannah Arendt. The Eckford’s image was republished in several newspapers, was seen by Hannah Arendt who recognized Little Rock as an emblematic case for politics and wrote her article.
Social Rights between Hard Law and Soft Law. A case study from European Union
Authors: Paffarini Jacopo
Published: June 2019

After the Lisbon Summit of 2009, the whole matter of fundamental rights in the European Union has taken a new connotation. Local economic interests and social protests – in opposition to the “neoliberal agenda” of EU institutions – have played an important role in stopping the enforcement of the “Constitutional Treaty” and boosted an anti-Euro mobilization. In the meanwhile, the European bodies and transnational corporations have continued to settle a new and alternative basis for the integration. A radical shift can be observed, from the research of synthetic set of principles – as those established on the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights – to a deeply technical and detailed normative production. The regulation on safety and healthy workplaces is one of the best point of view to study this change. Far from calling into question the unbalanced positions between the parties in contemporary labour relationships, the European strategy for workers’ protection move through procedural issues and voluntary obedience to the soft law instruments. In the past, the legal doctrine described the creation of a multilevel architecture of institutions, sometimes implemented in a top-down approach. Along with this, recently, it was implemented the establishment of common organizational standards associated to a specific system of corporate governance to pursue a better integration between business and fundamental rights.
As razões da reforma da previdência são de segurança social, não de política fiscal
Authors: Strapazzon Carlos Luiz
Published: June 2019

Editorial
FOTOCATÁLISE HETEROGÊNEA APLICADA NO TRATAMENTO DO CORANTE RODAMINA B – USO DE CATALISADOR DE TIO2 SOB RADIAÇÃO UV
Authors: Bellido Jorge David Alguiar , Almeida Maysa Martins , Cotta Anna Luisa Silva , Júlio Júlia Paula Oliveira , Vaz Carlos Alberto Santos
Published: June 2019

Resumo: Os efluentes dos processos de tingimento na indústria têxtil apresentam uma complexa composição, incluindo principalmente corantes de diferente natureza química, portanto o tratamento destes tem como finalidades necessárias a remoção da cor e a degradação dos compostos orgânicos presentes. Dessa forma, este projeto teve por objetivo apresentar uma alternativa frente ao descarte de efluentes têxteis, usando como modelo o corante rodamina B, um corante resistente à fotodegradação natural. O projeto consistiu na construção de um reator fotocatalítico usando uma placa de vidro jateada e impregnada com catalisador de TiO2. Essa placa foi fixada com inclinação estabelecida. Além disso, foram utilizadas duas lâmpadas germicidas de radiação UV e potência de 15 W. Foram analisados a influência da concentração inicial, tempo de residência no reator e pH da solução para remoção de cor do corante. A descoloração da solução foi acompanhada pela medida da absorbância das amostras coletadas durante o ensaio. A eficiência do reator foi avaliada em relação à descoloração da solução. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos para uma solução de 7,80 mg L-1 a pH 5.0 foi tratada por 430 min alcançando um 97,84% de descoloração. AbstractThe effluents from the dyeing processes in the textile industry have a complex composition, including mainly dyes of different chemical nature, so the treatment of these has the necessary purposes of removing the color and the degradation of the organic compounds present. In this way, this project aimed to present an alternative to the disposal of textile effluents, using as a model the rhodamine B dye, a dye resistant to natural photodegradation. The project consisted in the construction of a photocatalytic reactor using a blasted glass plate and impregnated with TiO2 catalyst, It was fixed in a pre-established inclination, besides that, two germicide UV lamps at 15 W were employed. The influence of the initial concentration, residence time in the reactor and pH of the solution for color removal of the dye were analyzed. Solution discoloration was followed by absorbance measurement of the sample solution collected along the assay. The reactor efficiency was evaluated in relation to the discoloration of the sample solution. Best results were achieved when a solution of 7.80 mg L-1 at pH 5.0 was treated for 430 min reaching 97.84% of discoloration.
UMA ABORDAGEM CONSTRUTIVISTA NO ENSINO DE ALGORITMOS E LÓGICA DE PROGRAMAÇÃO COM O AUXÍLIO DE UMA FERRAMENTA GAMIFICADA
Authors: Perlin Rodrigo , Macedo Ricardo Tombesi , Silveira Sidnei Renato
Published: June 2019

Ao analisar os esforços para apoiar os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de algoritmos e lógica de programação, encontram-se estudos envolvendo a aplicação de diferentes ferramentas, tais como o Scratch e o Algo+. Além disso, existem trabalhos que propõem uma reorganização dos conteúdos e a aplicação de metodologias de ensino inovadoras. Nesse contexto, este artigo propõe uma abordagem para apoiar os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de algoritmos e lógica de programação baseada na teoria construtivista, utilizando a ferramenta P.e.p.y, a qual implementa o conceito de gamificação. Para validar essa proposta, bem como a ferramenta desenvolvida, foi realizado um estudo de caso. A aplicação dos instrumentos no início e no final do estudo de caso, apontam percentuais elevados de compreensão dos conceitos de lógica de programação e da linguagem de programação Python. Os resultados apontam que a aplicação da ferramenta auxiliou os alunos a desenvolver o pensamento computacional, uma área que vem sendo estimulada pela SBC (Sociedade Brasileira de Computação) e que a abordagem proposta estimula os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem por meio da ferramenta P.e.p.y. AbstractBy analyzing efforts to support learning process applied to logic and programming courses, there are studies involving the employment of different tools, such as Scratch and Algo+. Besides, there are works proposing the content reorganization and the employment of innovative teaching methodologies. In this context, this paper proposes an approach to support algorithms learning process based on constructivist theory through the use P.e.p.y tool, which implements the gamification concept. In order to validate this proposal, as well as the implemented tool, it was performed a case study. The instruments application in the beginning and in the end of the case study indicates elevated perceptual of comprehension of logic and Python programming languages concepts. Results indicate that the tool application supported students to develop the computational thinking, a field highly stimulated by the SBC, the Brazilian Computing Society, and that the proposed approach stimulates the learning processes through the P.e.p.y tool employment.
INTERESTERIFICAÇÃO DO ÓLEO DE CRAMBE COM ADIÇÃO DE SOLUÇÃO AQUOSA DE ÁCIDO ACÉTICO AO MEIO REACIONAL
Authors: Postaue Najla , Julio Iwassa Isabela , Da Silva Camila
Published: June 2019

A interesterificação permite a obtenção de ésteres livre de glicerol, com a produção da triacetina, que pode ainda ser utilizada como aditivo ao biocombustível. A fim de potencializar a produção de ésteres e triacetina a inserção de aditivos a reação tem sido abordada. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de adicionar solução aquosa de ácido acético 26% (SA26%) em 5 e 10% (em relação a massa de óleo) sobre o rendimento em ésteres e teor de triacetina, bem como verificar seu efeito sobre os ésteres individuais, variando a temperatura da reação de 300 a 325 °C e tempo de residência entre 10 a 30 minutos. Para a maioria das reações conduzidas com SA(26%) a 300 °C houve maior produção de ésteres, se comparadas as reações sem o aditivo (p<0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que as reações conduzidas com SA26% permitiram elevar os rendimentos de ésteres em até 45%. Foi possível constatar ainda conversão completa dos triglicerídeos em ésteres com apenas 20 min de reação, com 10% de SA(26%)  300 °C. O aumento da temperatura resultou em maior rendimento inicial (10 min), contudo foi observada redução dos ésteres individuais analisados, sendo que, dentre estes o linoleato se mostrou mais susceptível a decomposição térmica. AbstractThe interesterification allows the production of esters free of glycerol, with the production of triacetin, which can still be used as an additive to biofuel. In order to potentiate the esters and triacetin production the insertion of additives into the reaction has been approached. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding aqueous solution of acetic acid 26% (SA26%) in 5 and 10% (relative to oil mass) on the ester yield and triacetin content, as well as to verify its effect on obtaining the individual esters, varying the reaction temperature from 300 to 325 °C and residence time between 10 to 30 minutes. For the majority of the reactions conducted with SA26% at 300 °C there was higher ester production, when compared with the reactions without the additive (p<0.05). The results showed that the reactions conducted with SA26% allowed to raise ester yields by up to 45%. It was also possible to verify complete conversion of the triglycerides to esters with only 20 min of reaction, with 10% of SA26% at 300 °C. The increase in temperature resulted in a higher initial yield (10 min), however, a reduction of the individual esters analyzed was observed, with linoleate being more susceptible to thermal decomposition.
Methods and Tools for Engineering Analysis of Fatigue Fracture Toughness of a Machine Part under Harmonic Loading
Authors: Renev S.A.
Published: June 2019

In this paper, a solution to the problem of analyzing the life cycle of machine parts with cracks under harmonic loading in the domain of high-cycle fatigue is proposed. Such an external influence, besides an independent contribution, can be effectively used as a base for stochastic loading. Stochastic loading is usually understood as any possible type of external loading, including random loading. Universal solutions for analysis of the durability of machine parts with cracks under harmonic loading are proposed. Specialized industrial software for performing fatigue calculation procedures is developed. The software verification procedure that can be used to evaluate the reliability of the results is presented. The proposed solutions are based on the strength analysis using the finite element method and implemented in the APM Structure3D software.
The Determination of Rational Parameters of Lock Joints of Ceramic Blades with a Metal Disk in Advanced Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines. Part I. Models of Mechanical and Thermal Contact of Ceramic and Metal Parts of the Turbine Impeller
Authors: Reznik S.V. , Sapronov D.V. , Karimbaev T.D. , Mezencev M.A.
Published: June 2019

To increase the efficiency of aircraft gas turbine engines, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the gas before the turbine. However, metal alloys used in modern designs may not be used for this without a reduction in the durability of parts. One way to solve this problem is to develop turbine designs with ceramic elements. The issues of ensuring thermal resistance of the lock joints of turbine impellers with blades made of monolithic ceramic material are considered in this work. Models of mechanical and thermal contact of ceramic and metal parts are presented. The influence of the scale factor and stress concentration factor on the tensile strength of the ceramic parts is studied.
Motivation and Job Burnout: The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Margaretha Meily
Published: June 2019

The occurrence of a change in work motivation and loss of enthusiasm was experienced by workers associated with excessive stress or disappointment experienced in work situations. Workers with more intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are likely to experience less burnout. This study aimed to examine and analyze whether intrinsic and extrinsic motivations significantly influence job burnout. Additionally, this research investigated the individual factors associated with the effects of intrinsic/extrinsic motivation on burnout; specifically, it explored the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the relationship of employees’ job motivation with burnout. Data were collected from 97 employees from several private clinics in Jakarta, Indonesia, through questionnaires. The result of the study found that motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) has a significant effect on job burnout. Lastly, OCB had a mediating effect on the relationship between intrinsic motivation and job burnout. The results of the study provide valuable insights into the effects of motivation on job burnout. Managerial implications exist, as managers could balance the fulfillment of employee needs that would trigger the emergence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation; hence, it is expected to prevent the occurrence of the desire of job burnout on employees.
Equivalent conicity and its influence on rolling-stock operation
Authors: Kyselev Artem , Blazhko Lyudmila , Romanov Andrey
Published: June 2019

Objective: To identify the rolling-stock stability, force reduction, emerging in the process of wheel-rail interaction, the reduction of wheel thread and wheel flange wear, horizontal wear during high-speed running. To consider issues of wheel-rail interaction, that is the influence of a wheel pair equivalent conicity on rolling stock operation. Lateral motion of a wheel pair about an axis of a track in accordance with conicity parameters occurs in the process of standard tapered wheel-rail interaction. Methods: Calculation methods of equivalent conicity and basic assumptions in design diagram were presented. The main functional dependencies of equivalent conicity were determined. “All-purpose mechanism” bundled software, developed on the basis of FastSim algorithm introduced by G. Kalker, was applied for modeling of wheel pair operation on a railway track. Results: Interaction of VNIIZhT-RM-70 wheel for “Sapsan” high-speed trains with R65 rail type was studied, as well as UIC60 rail type used on European railroads. Wheel rolling occurs in different circumferential directions in case of lateral movement of a wheel pair Oscillating motion was described, as well as the parameters on the basis of which equivalent conicity is formed. Practical importance: The necessity in reduction of equivalent conicity to efficiency parameters of high-speed running realization on Russian railroads was revealed by means of modeling.
Utilization factor of adhesive weight of a locomotive with group tractive engine drive of wheelsets
Authors: Kruchek Victor , Grishenko Aleksander , Tytova Tamila
Published: June 2019

Objective: To improve accuracy of analytical calculation of adhesive weight of constructed and newly projected locomotives with wheelset group tractive drive. To bring out analytical dependence of a locomotive’s adhesive weight usage coefficient from a number of wheelsets in a group tractive engine considering constructive features of a vehicle, operating conditions and power equipment cycle of operation. Methods: Analytical dependences and a mathematical model were obtained on the basis of higher mathematics, laws of theoretical mechanics, reliability theory, probability theory, wheel-rail adhesion theory and the laws of self-excited frictional oscillations during slippage. Results: Mathematical model was developed to determine the highest value of a twisting moment, in the process of which occurs different slippage of a wheelset group tractive drive of a locomotive, taking into account the stochastic character of wheel-rail adhesion, shaking at the moment of starting and in the process of running. Characteristic curve of equalizing factor was plotted from a generalized parameter of a locomotive tractive drive. Practical importance: Analytical dependences make it possible to identify the right adhesive weight of a locomotive with wheelset group tractive drive for conducting traction calculations and the assessment of locomotive’s tractive capacity in the process of operation on different cycles of power equipment and movement speed. The level of dynamic load on group tractive drive components was determined, taking into account constructive features of trucks and power transmission, such as the jet thrust location of wheelset axial gear units, as well as maintenance conditions – movement speed and irregularities of a railway track. The results of the study may be applied in projecting the new and constructed locomotives.
Asymmetry of rail circuits with dsh-2 relay
Authors: Manakov Alexander , Kabetskiy Andrey , Troshin Alexander , Pashaev Yuriy
Published: June 2019

Objective: To consider the causes and ways to reduce voltage sags on resonant track relays of track circuits with dssh-2 relays. Methods: Analysis of voltage depressions causes on a track relay with track circuit, free of rolling stock on rails, was carried out by means of natural experiments with oscillography and voltage on a track relay analysis, as well as measurement of insulation resistance of rail lines and the inductances of the main windings of transformers. Results: It was determined that one of the causes of voltage depressions on road relays were the transverse asymmetry of the resistance of rail lines caused by metal chips generated by pantograph trains when passing a nonoverlayable interval on the approach to the station. The impact of longitudinal spin asymmetry of rail line resistance on voltage sags, which is formed by a variation in inductance of the primary winding sections of an impedance bond. The relationship of voltage sags and the methods of rolling stock handling as well as places of electric power cut-offs’ was studied. Practical importance: The rule of connecting the main windings of transformers to the rails of sections was proposed, in order to reduce the impact of the variation in total inductance of transformers’ sections on the longitudinal asymmetry of rail line resistance. The conducted research made it possible to determine the causes and ways to reduce voltage dips on the resonant track relays of track circuits with dssh-2 relays.
Application of constant-weight code "1-out-if-5" for the organization of combinational circuits check
Authors: Sapozhnikov Valeriy , Sapozhnikov Vladimir , Efanov Dmitriy , Pyvovarov Dmitriy
Published: June 2019

Objective: To study specificities of “1-out of-5”equilibrium code application in the process of concurrent error detection of combinational logic circuits organization. Methods: Information and coding theories, as well as technical diagnostics of discrete systems were applied. Results: It was suggested to apply a “1-out of-5”equilibrium code in organizing of combinational circuits control by means of Boolean complement method, the tester of which has a simple structure and needs five testing patterns for its full check. The calculation method of Boolean complement functions was given; the former makes it possible to provide testability of a Boolean complement block and a tester within a checking circuit. The advantages of a “1-out of-5”equilibrium code application were presented, compared to the usage of other equilibrium codes with a shorter length of a code word for organization of combinational circuits’ check. Practical importance: The application of a “1-out of-5”equilibrium code for organization of combinational circuits’ check is promising for self-checking discrete automatic and calculating machines.
Design principles of prestressed concrete span coponents in the process of despersed reinforcement
Authors: Chyzhov Sergey , Shestakova Yekaterina , Yakhshiyev Elbek , Antonyuk Anatoliy
Published: June 2019

Objective: To determine the calculating justification methods of fibre-reinforced spans and scientific evidence of the structural method of dispersed reinforced concrete constructions in drily-hot climate for high-speed mainline railroads, to reveal advantages connected with fibre application in the process of construction, to determine the ways of total costs reduction while providing qualitative reliability characteristics of spans under construction. Methods: Comparative analysis, mathematical modeling. Results: Calculating principles of fibre-reinforced elements of spans were specified. The study was aimed at application solving, with regard to climate in Uzbekistan, and determined the parameters of Lр = 66 m fibre-reinforced concrete span, specified by the objective of scientific study concerning the bridgework for high-speed mainline railroad. Practical importance: Methodological foundation for fibre-reinforced concrete spans calculation was developed.