bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trees, Forests, and Total Positivity: I. $q$-Trees and $q$-Forests Matrices
Authors: Gilmore Tomack
Published: September 2021

We consider matrices with entries that are polynomials in $q$ arising from natural $q$-generalisations of two well-known formulas that count: forests on $n$ vertices with $k$ components; and rooted labelled trees on $n+1$ vertices where $k$ children of the root are lower-numbered than the root. We give a combinatorial interpretation of the corresponding statistic on forests and trees and show, via the construction of various planar networks and the Lindström-Gessel-Viennot lemma, that these matrices are coefficientwise totally positive. We also exhibit generalisations of the entries of these matrices to polynomials in eight indeterminates, and present some conjectures concerning the coefficientwise Hankel-total positivity of their row-generating polynomials.
Löb’s Theorem and Curry’s Paradox
Authors: Priest Graham
Published: September 2021

If a sentence says of itself that it is not true, there is little choice but to take it for its word. But what if a sentence says of itself that it is true, or, in any case, provable? Logically, there is an inconsistency in proving this statement. Martin Löb and Haskell Curry were two mathematical logicians who sought to examine this question.
Geriamieji gliukokortikoidai astmai gydyti. Metas pokyčiams
Authors: Miliauskas Skaidrius
Published: September 2021

Geriamieji gliukokortikoidai vis dar plačiai vartojami astmai, ypač sunkiai, gydyti. Dažnai jie tęsiami ilgą laiką skiriant didelėmis dozėmis. Geriamųjų gliukokortikoidų vartojimas yra susijęs tiek su ūminėmis, tiek su lėtinėmis komplikacijomis, nepageidaujamais poveikiais. Dėl kumuliacinio poveikio, netgi vartojant šiuos vaistus didesnėmis dozėmis trumpalaikiais, bet pasikartojančiais kursais, nepageidaujamų poveikių rizika būna didesnė, palyginus su gydymu ilgesnį laiką, tačiau santykinai mažesnėmis dozėmis. Biologinių vaistų sukūrimas žymiai sumažino geriamųjų gliukokortikoidų vartojimą kitoms ligoms, bet ne astmai gydyti. Vis dėlto reikia mažinti geriamųjų gliukokortikoidų vartojimą sergant astma, o jei juos skirti būtina, tuomet kaip įmanoma mažesnėmis dozėmis.
Sunki astma ir COVID-19
Authors: Kalinauskaitė-Žukauskė Virginija
Published: September 2021

Sergančiajam sunkia astma reikalinga specializuota pagalba. Pandemijos akistatoje baiminamasi, kad sunkia astma sergantys asmenys greičiau susirgs COVID–19 arba jos eiga komplikuosis. Atliktų tyrimų duomenys rodo, kad susirgimų arba komplikacijų dažnis nesiskiria nuo bendrosios populiacijos, jei užtikrinama gera astmos simptomų kontrolė ir nėra nuolatinio geriamųjų gliukokortikoidų vartojimo. Daug abejonių būta ir dėl biologinių vaistų skyrimo pandemijos laikotarpiu, tačiau esama patirtis ir atliktų tyrimų duomenys rodo, kad netgi susirgus COVID–19, biologinė terapija turi būti tęsiama, nors pradėti nerekomenduojama. Atskiras daug diskusijų sukėlęs klausimas – vakcinacija. Vis tik kol kas tai vienas veiksmingiausių būdų valdyti pandemijai ir grįžti į kasdienį gyvenimą, buvusį iki pandemijos.
2019 m. Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikose tirtų pacientų, kuriems pirmą kartą diagnozuota obstrukcinė miego apnėja, klinikinių, antropometrinių ir polisomnografijos duomenų analizė
Authors: Paulikaitė Rasa , Miliauskas Skaidrius
Published: September 2021

Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti ir palyginti vyrų bei moterų, sergančių obstrukcine miego apnėja (OMA), antropometri­nius, klinikinius ir polisomnografijos tyrimo duomenis. Tyrimo metodika. Atlikta retrospektyvioji 184 pacientų, kuriems 2019 m. pirmą kartą polisomnografijos tyrimo metu nustatyta OMA, duomenų analizė. Buvo įvertinti pacientų antropometriniai, Epworth'o mieguistumo skalės bei polisomnografijos tyrimo duomenys. Tyrimo dalyviai suskirstyti į grupes pagal lytį ir OMA sunkumą (lengva OMA, kai apnėjos ir hipopnėjos indeksas (AHI) 5–15/val., vidutinio sunkumo OMA – AHI 15–30/val., sunki OMA – AHI daugiau nei 30/val.). Rezultatai. Ištirti 184 pacientai, OMA nustatyta 122 vyrams ir 62 moterims. 30 tiriamųjų (16,3 proc.) nustatyta lengva OMA, 55 tiriamiesiems (29,9 proc.) – vidutinio sunkumo, 99 tiriamiesiems (53,8 proc.) – sunki OMA. OMA diagnozuota daugiau vyrų nei moterų, daugiau vyrų (78 pacientai – 78,8 proc.) sirgo sunkia ligos forma (p<0,001). OMA sergančios moterys buvo vyresnės. Sergantieji sunkia OMA buvo vyresni nei sergantieji lengva forma (p<0,05). Svorio, kaklo, pilvo apimties ir kūno masės indekso (KMI) vidurkiai buvo reikšmingai mažesni lengvos bei vidutinės OMA pacientų, palyginus su sunkios OMA pacientais (p<0,001). Vyrų svoris ir kaklo apimtis buvo reikšmingai didesni nei moterų, o pilvo apimtis – nesiskyrė. Lyginant paradoksinį ir lėtąjį miegą, tik vyrams lėtojo miego fazėje nustatytas statistiškai reikšmingai didesnis AHI ir deguonies desaturacijos indeksas skirtingose miego pozicijose. Išvados. Sunkia OMA dažniau sirgo vyresnio amžiaus pacientai. Sergančios OMA moterys buvo vyresnės nei vyrai. Vyrai dažniau sirgo sunkia OMA forma. OMA nebuvo susijusi su KMI, bet susijusi su kaklo apimtimi ir kūno svoriu. Pagrindiniai polisomnografijos skirtumai tarp lyčių išryškėjo lėto, o ne paradoksinio miego metu.
Smulkiųjų ląstelių plaučių vėžio imunoterapija
Authors: Miliauskas Skaidrius
Published: September 2021

Per pastaruosius dešimtmečius atlikta daug tyrimų, ieškant naujų diagnostikos ir ypač gydymo galimybių, tačiau smulkiųjų ląstelių plaučių vėžio (SLPV) prognozė išlieka bloga. SLPV – tai labai imunogeniškas navikas su aukštu somatinių mutacijų skaičiumi, potencialiai išskiriamų dideliu neoantigenų kiekiu, nuslopintu imuniniu atsaku, paraneoplastiniais sutriki­mais. Imunoterapija, skiriant imuninės sistemos kontrolės taško inhibitorius, daug žadantis SLPV gydymo metodas. Šiuo metu patvirtinta, kad papildomas imuninės sistemos kontrolės taškų inhibitorių skyrimas (skiriant antikūnus prieš programuotos ląstelių žūties baltymo ligandą 1 (PD-L1) atezolizumabą arba durvalumabą) kartu su pirmos eilės chemoterapija platinos pagrindu reikšmingai prailgina bendrąjį išgyvenamumą bei išgyvenamumą be ligos progreso, neblogėjant saugumo profiliui.
Sunki nealerginė astma: ar visada nealerginė?
Authors: Malinauskienė Laura , Griguola Linas , Černiauskas Kęstutis , Chomičienė Anželika
Published: September 2021

Pripažįstama, kad atopija yra astmos rizikos veiksnys, tačiau dėl alergijos vaidmens astmos, ypač sunkios astmos patogenezei vis dar diskutuojama. Straipsnyje aptariama skirtingų alergenų įtaka sunkiai astmai, diagnostinių metodų pasirinkimas atliekant alergologinį paciento tyrimą. Plačiau nagrinėjimai imunologiniai mechanizmai, kuriuose gali dalyvauti imunoglobulinas E ne tik kaip alergijos mediatorius. Taigi, alergeno nustatymas, sergant sunkia astma, priklauso nuo to, kaip ir kur ieškoma alergeno ir ko tikimasi iš teigiamų rezultatų. Nustatyti alergenus svarbu net jei tai ir nėra vienintelis etiologinis veiksnys.
Paveldima angioedema: patogenezė, diagnostika ir genetinės konsultacijos vaidmuo klinikinėje praktikoje
Authors: Kievišienė Lina , Ugenskienė Rasa , Šitkauskienė Brigita
Published: September 2021

Paveldima angioedema (PAE, angl. hereditary angioedema, HAE) – tai reta paveldima liga, kuriai būdingi pasikartojantys poodžio arba pogleivio audinių tinimo epizodai dėl kraujagyslių išsiplėtimo ir padidėjusio jų pralaidumo. Dažniausiai pažeidžiamos sritys: veido, galūnių oda, virškinamasis traktas, kvėpavimo takai. Gali vystytis gyvybei pavojinga būklė – gerklų edema. Liga klasifikuojama į tris tipus, pastarieji – į smulkesnius potipius. Yra žinomi keli genai, susiję su PAE vystymusi. Didėjant naujos kartos sekoskaitos tyrimų prieinamumui, plečiasi genetinės PAE diagnostikos ir šių pacientų priežiūros galimybės. Geresnis sveikatos priežiūros specialistų supratimas apie PAE priežastis, kliniką ir diagnostiką gali pagerinti pacientų, sergančių PAE, gydymo baigtis. Straipsnio tikslas – aptarti PAE epidemiologiją, klasifikaciją, patogenezę, genetinį ligos pagrindą, klinikinės raiškos savitumus, diagnostikos ir tyrimo principus.
Nintedanibo tyrimų rezultatai įrodė veiksmingumą gydant plataus spektro fibrozuojančias intersticines plaučių ligas
Authors: Kalinauskaitė-Žukauskė Virginija
Published: September 2021

Nintedanibas – tai tirozino kinazės inhibitorius, skiriamas idiopatinei plaučių fibrozei gydyti. Jo veiksmingumas įrodytas klinikiniuose tyrimuose. Vis tik fibrozuojančių intersticinių plaučių ligų yra ir daugiau, tačiau gydymo galimybės ribotos. Kadangi tiek idiopatinės plaučių fibrozės, tiek kitų fibrozuojančių intersticinių plaučių ligų patofiziologiniai procesai turi panašumų, atlikti ikiklinikiniai ir klinikiniai tyrimai parodė, kad nintedanibas gali būti veiksmingas plačiam fibrozuojančių intersticinių plaučių ligų spektrui.
Sergančiųjų nekontroliuojama astma gydymas itin smulkių dalelių trijų vaistų deriniu viename inhaliatoriuje: TRIMARAN ir TRIGGER tyrimai
Authors: Biekšienė Kristina
Published: September 2021

Iki šiol nebuvo atlikta tyrimų, vertinusių trijų vaistų derinio viename inhaliatoriuje veiksmingumą gydant sergančiuosius astma. Šiame straipsnyje pristatomi du nauji klinikiniai tyrimai, kurie pirmą kartą įvertino itin smulkių dalelių beklometazono dipropionato (BDP), formaterolio fumarato (FF) ir glikopironio (G) derinio viename inhaliatoriuje veiksmingumą, lyginant su BDP ir FF deriniu, gydant sergančiuosius nekontroliuojama astma. Tyrimų rezultatai parodė, kad sergantiesiems nekontroliuojama astma ir gydomiems įkvepiamaisiais gliukokortikoidais bei ilgo veikimo β2 agonistais, pridėjus ilgo veikimo muskarino antagonistą, pagėrėja plaučių funkcija bei sumažėjo paūmėjimų dažnis.
Hemşirelik Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin İletişim Becerileri ve Sürekli Kaygı Durumları
Authors: ALTAN SARIKAYA Nihan , AKÇAM Merve
Published: September 2021

Hemşirelerin meslekte sürekli kaygı durumunu deneyimlemesinin ekip içi, hasta ve bakım verenlerle iletişimsel problem yaşamalarına ve hataların oluşmasına sebebiyet verebileceği öngörülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin iletişim becerileri ile sürekli kaygı durumlarının ve aralarındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı olan bu çalışmanın evrenini bir devlet üniversitesinin hemşirelik bölümünün son sınıfında okuyan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden öğrenciler oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri “Kişisel bilgi formu”, “İletişim Yeterlilik Ölçeği” ve “Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri” kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, ortanca, mod, yüzde, frekans, ve Spearman korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin iletişim yeterlilikleri ile sürekli kaygı durumlarının orta seviyenin üzerinde olduğu ve öğrencilerin iletişim yeterliliği arttıkça sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin azaldığı saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Öğrencilerin iletişim yeterliklerini geliştirecek yenilikçi uygulamaların müfredat ve program içeriğine eklenmesinin gerekliliği önerilmektedir.
COVID-19 ile Mücadelede Fizyoterapistlerin Girişimcilik Niyetleri ve Önündeki Engellerin İncelenmesi
Authors: YIKILMAZ İbrahim , KUTLUTÜRK Seval
Published: September 2021

Çalışmanın temel amacı; COVID-19‘un devam eden semptomlarının tedavisine katkıda bulunacak, değişen hasta beklentilerine cevap verebilecek ve pandemi ile yükü artan ve kaynakları azalan sağlık hizmeti sunumunu destekleyecek nitelikte fizyoterapi, sağlıklı yaşam ve danışmanlık merkezlerinin kurulmasına yönelik fizyoterapistlerin girişimcilik niyeti ve buna engel olan unsurlar arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın temel amacına uygun olarak kolayda örneklem metodu ile 351 fizyoterapiste ulaşıldı. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik ve mesleğe yönelik bilgileri tarafımızca hazırlanan “Kişisel ve Mesleğe Yönelik Bilgi Toplama Formu” ile sorgulandı. Girişimcilik Niyeti Ölçeği ve Girişimcilik Engelleri Ölçeği kullanılarak analize ilişkin veriler elde edildi. Toplanan veriler SPSS 22.0 ve SmartPLS aracılığıyla analiz edildi.

Sonuçlar fizyoterapistlerin girişimcilik niyetinin “kısmen katılıyorum” seviyesinde olduğu ve geliştirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde en büyük etkinin başarısızlık korkusu olduğu ve bunu algılanan destek eksikliğinin takip ettiği tespit edildi (p0,05). Çalışmanın sağlık alanında girişimcilik niyeti kavramına ilişkin literatürü genişletirken, uygulamaya yönelik önerileriyle de önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
The labour movement in post-2000 Zimbabwe webinar
Authors: Makombe Eric
Published: September 2021

The University of the Free State Department of History and KovsieJournals Southern Journal for Contemporary History held a webinar with presenter Dr Eric Makombe, looking at the labour movement in post-2000 Zimbabwe.
Examining the Adoption and Diffusion of Ecclesiastical Gallicisms in Old Spanish
Authors: BRYANT STACY
Published: September 2021

The presence of multiple loanwords in the Ibero-Romance of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries demonstrates language contact. Teasing out the nature of the relationships that resulted in the adoption and spread of these borrowings is difficult due to the limitations of the evidence, found only in written registers produced by those with access to education. This helps explain the catalogue nature of most historical borrowing studies about Spanish. This paper argues, however, that an inferential network analysis of the extant data on ecclesiastical loanwords that entered the lexicon through contact with Gallo-Romance speakers elucidates their adoption and spread, moving beyond the list. Using five borrowings as illustrations (capiscol, chantre, fraile, maestre, and monje), it asserts that their diffusion was facilitated and influenced by both the strong and the weak ties that developed inside and outside religious institutions, which left a lasting mark on the Spanish lexicon.
Description of a new species of the Charaea coomani group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Vietnam with a key to species
Authors: Nguyen Dinh , Ho Loan , Nguyen Son
Published: September 2021

The genusCharaeaBaly is distributed in the eastern Palaearctic, Himalayas, China and adjacent countries of the Oriental Region. Currently, 59 species of the genusCharaeahave been recorded. The species ofCharaeais characterised with a robust tubular aedeagus that terminates with a more or less distinct apical process with theCharaea coomanigroup having an internal sac with long sharp lateral sclerites. Up to now, 13 species of this group have been described in the Oriental Region, four of which are found in Vietnam.

Charaea dinhcuongisp. nov.is described as a new species, based on specimens collected from Phu Quoc Island in southern Vietnam. Colour photographs of habitus and body details and DNA barcode sequences are presented. An identification key is provided for all Vietnamese species from theCharaea coomanigroup.
A benchmark survey of plankton, fish and benthic composition in Poblacion and Kadurong Reefs in Liloan, Cebu, Philippines
Authors: Edullantes Brisneve , Maglangit Fleurdeliz , Ortiz Angelito , Casibo Joana Mie , Vicentuan Lorraine Louise , Bensig Eukene
Published: September 2021

Coral reefs offer valuable ecosystem goods and services, such as coastal protection, erosion regulation, fishery, biodiversity, habitat and nursery grounds. However, they face threats from anthropogenic activities, including poor water quality, global warming, coastal development and unsustainable fisheries. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) provide a structured and holistic approach in addressing these threats. Regular monitoring and assessment of these MPAs are crucial components in evaluating the MPAs design and effectiveness. Two coral reefs (i.e. Poblacion and Kadurong Reefs) were established as MPAs in Liloan, Cebu, Philippines to protect crucial habitat and biodiversity with the hope of improving fisheries by avoiding fish stock disintegration. These coral reefs provide shelter to many commercially-significant fish species, supporting subsistence and livelihood in the community. These MPAs are not only biologically rich, but they also support socio-economic stability. Hence, management and protection of the coral reefs in the MPAs of Liloan, Cebu is of paramount importance. To formulate conservation and applicable management measures, research and monitoring should be in place. This paper presents the data collected from the short term monitoring in the Poblaction and Kadurong Reefs. The paper describes an important set of data that can be used by the stakeholders to benchmark biophysical assessments for management of marine-protected areas in Liloan.

This data paper provides baseline information on the health of the coral reefs of the MPAs in Liloan, Cebu. Datasets covering physico-chemical and biological parameters inclusive of water quality, coral reef cover, fish and plankton occurrence and abundance were determined using the standard protocols for surveying tropical marine resources. The results will serve as a benchmark in formulating guidelines and implementing relevant policies for the effective management and protection of the MPAs in Liloan, Cebu, Philippines.
MIDS Level 1: Specification, conformance checklist, mapping template and instructions for use
Authors: Hardisty Alex , Haston Elspeth
Published: September 2021

Approved formally as a TDWG Task Group (TG) in September 2020, TG MIDS is working to harmonise a framework for "Minimum Information about a Digital Specimen (MIDS)". MIDS clarifies what is meant by different levels of digitization (MIDS levels) and specifies the minimum information to be captured at each level. Capturing and presenting data in future digitization in standard formats is essential so that data can be more easily understood, compared, analysed and communicated via the Internet. Adopting MIDS and working to achieve specific MIDS levels in digitization ensures that enough data are captured, curated and published such that they are useful for the widest possible range of future research, teaching and learning purposes. Adopting MIDS makes it easier to consistently measure the extent of digitization achieved over time and to set priorities for the remaining work.

In the year since MIDS was first introduced at TDWG 2020, the TG has focussed on the details of MIDS level 1, representing the basic minimum level of information to be expected and captured in basic digitization activities such as creating a catalogue record and (optionally) making photographic or other digital images of specimens.

To help the community adopt and embed MIDS conformance as a core part of digitization and data publishing/management pipelines, the MIDS specification consists of definitions of the expected information elements, a template for mapping terms/fields in institutional collection management systems and other data management schemas to those information elements, a conformance proforma allowing declaration of how a digitization or data publishing event conforms to MIDs, and instructions for use.
Connecting Taxonomic Backbones using Global Names Tools
Authors: Mozzherin Dmitry
Published: September 2021

Biodiversity taxonomy provides a means to organize information about living organisms into maintainable tree- or graph-like structures (taxonomic backbones). Taxonomy is tightly bound to biodiversity nomenclature—a collection of recommendations, rules and conventions for naming living organisms. Species are often considered to be the most important unit of taxonomy structures. Keeping scientific names of species and other taxa accurate and up to date are major challenges during creation and maintenance of large taxonomic backbones.

Global Names Architecture (Global Names) is an initiative that developed tools and databases for detecting, parsing, and verifying scientific names. Verification tools also provide information about which taxonomic and nomenclatural resources contain information for a given scientific name. Taxonomic intelligence provided by resources aggregated by Global Names allows resolving of taxon names from different backbones, even if their "current" scientific names vary.

Parsing of scientific names with GNparser allows for normalization of names, making them comparable. Fast name matching (reconciliation) and discovery of a taxonomic meaning (resolution) by GNverifier connects information from various resources. The most recently developed tools by Global Names provide name verification and taxon matching on an unprecedented scale.

During this presentation we are going to describe Global Names tools and show how they can be used for reconciliation of lexical variants of scientific names, for extracting the authorship metadata, how names can be verified and resolved, and how data can be connected to a variety of biodiversity resources.
Modelling the Heterogeneity within Citizen Science Data for Biodiversity Research
Authors: Bowler Diana , Isaac Nick , Bonn Aletta
Published: September 2021

Large amounts of species occurrence data are compiled by platforms such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) but these data are collected by a diversity of methods and people. Statistical tools, such as occupancy-detection models, have been developed and tested as a way to analyze these heterogeneous data and extract information on species’ population trends. However, these models make many assumptions that might not always be met. More detailed metadata associated with occurrence records would help better describe the observation/detection submodel within occupancy models and improve the accuracy/precision of species’ trend estimates. Here, we present examples of occupancy-detection models applied to citizen science datasets, including dragonfly data in Germany, and typical approaches to account for variation in sampling effort and species detectability, including visit covariates, such as list length. Using results from a recent questionnaire in Germany asking citizen scientists about why and how they collect species occurrence data, we also characterize the different approaches that citizen scientists take to sample and report species observations. We use our findings to highlight examples of key metadata that are often missing (e.g., length of time spent searching, complete checklist or not) in data sharing platforms but would greatly aid modelling attempts of heterogeneous species occurrence data.
CitSci.org & PPSR Core: Sharing biodiversity observations across platforms
Authors: Budnicki Brandon , Newman Gregory
Published: September 2021

CitSci.org is a global citizen science software platform and support organization housed at Colorado State University. The mission of CitSci is to help people do high quality citizen science by amplifying impacts and outcomes. This platform hosts over one thousand projects and a diverse volunteer base that has amassed over one million observations of the natural world, focused on biodiversity and ecosystem sustainability. It is a custom platform built using open source components including: PostgreSQL, Symfony, Vue.js, with React Native for the mobile apps. CitSci sets itself apart from other Citizen Science platforms through the flexibility in the types of projects it supports rather than having a singular focus. This flexibility allows projects to define their own datasheets and methodologies.

The diversity of programs we host motivated us to take a founding role in the design of the PPSR Core, a set of global, transdisciplinary data and metadata standards for use in Public Participation in Scientific Research (Citizen Science) projects. Through an international partnership between the Citizen Science Association, European Citizen Science Association, and Australian Citizen Science Association, the PPSR team and associated standards enable interoperability of citizen science projects, datasets, and observations.

Here we share our experience over the past 10+ years of supporting biodiversity research both as developers of the CitSci.org platform and as stewards of, and contributors to, the PPSR Core standard. Specifically, we share details about:

the origin, development, and informatics infrastructure for CitSci

our support for biodiversity projects such as population and community surveys

our experiences in platform interoperability through PPSR Core working with the Zooniverse, SciStarter, and CyberTracker

data quality

data sharing goals and use cases.

the origin, development, and informatics infrastructure for CitSci

our support for biodiversity projects such as population and community surveys

our experiences in platform interoperability through PPSR Core working with the Zooniverse, SciStarter, and CyberTracker

data quality

data sharing goals and use cases.

We conclude by sharing overall successes, limitations, and recommendations as they pertain to trust and rigor in citizen science data sharing and interoperability. As the scientific community moves forward, we show that Citizen Science is a key tool to enabling a systems-based approach to ecosystem problems.
Nuclear power in Russia’s national projects
Authors: Gorin Nikolay V. , Yekidin Aleksey A. , Golovikhina Olga S.
Published: September 2021

Population supports the need for switching to green power, which is most often understood to mean the use of solar and wind energy. It would be however a mistake to think that solar and wind power plants will solve in full the problem of uninterrupted power supply for all sectors of economy due to the instability of generation modes and the scale of such energy production. Experts suggest that the only possible way to address global energy and environmental issues is further evolution of nuclear power. Nuclear power is not listed explicitly as a national priority project but it is a component of the Science national project and is expected to contribute to the implementation of the Ecology, Education, and International Cooperation and Export projects. In the context of the Ecology project, nuclear power is capable to play a key role in preventing environmental contamination. In the framework of the International Cooperation and Export project, it is possible to export high-technology fast neutron reactors. The experience of interaction with the interested public, and the developed and implemented occupational training programs will provide for the shaping of radiological literacy among young people as part of the Education project.
On the determination of neutron multiplication by the Rossi-alpha method
Authors: Grabezhnoy Vladimir A. , Dulin Viktor A. , Dulin Vitaliy V. , Mikhailov Gennady M.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. This work contains the results of determining the prompt neutron multiplication factor in the subcritical state of a one-core BFS facility, obtained by the neutron coincidence method, for which the influence of the error in the βeff in determining the multiplication factor turned out to be insignificant. The core of the facility consisted of rods filled with pellets of metallic depleted uranium, 37% enriched uranium dioxide and 95% enriched plutonium, sodium, stainless steel and Al2O3. Stainless steel served as a reflector.

Methods. In contrast to the inverse kinetics equation solving (IKES) method, which is convenient for determining reactor subcritical states, the neutron coincidence method practically does not depend on the error in the value of the effective fraction of delayed neutrons βeff. If in the IKES method the reactivity value is obtained in fractions of βeff, i.e., from the measurement of delayed neutrons, the neutron coincidence method is based on the direct measurement of the value (1 – kσp)2, where is the effective multiplication factor by prompt neutrons. The total multiplication factor is defined as keff = kσp + βeff. If, for example, keff ≈ 0.9 (which is typical for determining the fuel burnup campaign), then it is the error in determining kσp that is the main one in comparison with the error in βeff. Thus, a 10% error in βeff of 0.003–0.004 (typical for plutonium breeders) will make a contribution to the error 1 – keff equal to 1 – kσp + βeff ≈ 0.00035, i.e., approximately 0.35%, but not 10%, as in the IKES method.

Rossi-alpha measurements were carried out using two 3He counters and a time analyzer. The measurement channel width Δt was 1.0 μs. From these measurements, the value of the prompt neutron multiplication factor was obtained. In this case, the space-isotope correlation factor for the medium with a source was calculated using the following values: Φ(x) – solutions of the inhomogeneous equation for the neutron flux and Φ+(x) – solutions of the ajoint inhomogeneous equation.

Results. The authors also present a comparison of the results of the Rossi-alpha experiment and measurements of the BFS-73 subcritical facility by the standard IKES method in determining the multiplication factor value. The data of the IKES method differ insignificantly from the results of the Rossi-alpha method over the entire range of changes in the subcriticality with an increase in the subcriticality of the BFS-73 one-core facility.

Conclusion. It was impossible to apply the neutron coincidence method to fast reactors; however, the method turned out to be quite workable on their models created at the BFS facility, which was successfully demonstrated in this study.
The Zika Virus Epidemic: Public Health Roles for Nurses
Authors: Wilson Anne , Nguyen Thi
Published: September 2021

Zika virus has emerged as a health issue of public importance in several countries. Given the increase of congenital anomalies, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and other neurological and autoimmune syndromes, the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization has made recommendations for healthcare facilities related to strengthening capacity and specialized care. Many nurses hold lead positions in health education, health promotion, and health surveillance in the identification, prevention, and management of Zika virus disease. This article briefly describes the history of Zika virus, clinical manifestation, and transmission. Our review examined public health concerns and identified potential strategies and direct responses for nurses. The article summarizes for nurses what is currently known about Zika virus, in the context of several limitations.
United States Public Health Service Nurses: Deployment in Global Crisis
Authors: Brown-Stephenson Michelle
Published: September 2021

Nurses serving in the uniformed forces are often first responders to medical crises throughout the world. The U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps is an elite team of full-time, well-trained, highly qualified public health professionals who respond to public health crises at home and abroad. This article briefly describes responsibilities and roles of nurses during deployments; offers an exemplar of deployment to West Africa for Ebola response; and reviews the outcomes of the response effort. The author then offers reflections about her deployment experiences.
The State of Play: Healthcare Reform in 2017
Authors: Miyamoto Suzanne
Published: September 2021

During the 2016 election, both candidates included in their platforms the need for continued healthcare reform. While the focus and lens from which the candidates viewed changes to the healthcare system were on opposite spectrums, their voices echoed that of the public—there must be a closer examination of existing law that accelerates towards a model that increases access, deceases costs, and improves quality. President Donald Trump campaigned to address concerns over provisions enacted through the Affordable Care Act, and changing the law was at the forefront of his policy agenda. Approximately two months after President Trump’s inauguration, Congressional leadership in the House of Representatives and the committees of jurisdiction released the American Health Care Act. The bill was placed on the fast-track and was ultimately pulled back from a floor vote. After additional reviews to the bill, it was passed in the House on May 4, 2017. Now, many in the healthcare community speculate, what is the state of play and will there be a bipartisan path to move forward? This article provides a brief overview of healthcare reform that considers both the past and the present status of important aspects such as coverage and access, and offers considerations to think about for the future.
La responsabilité pénale des personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux. Méthodologie de l'expertise psychiatrique
Authors: Mahé Vincent
Published: September 2021

Pouvant paraître flou pour le non spécialiste de la pathologie mentale, le raisonnement médico-légal de l'expert-psychiatre devrait systématiquement reposer sur des éléments permettant d'évaluer la nature précise de l'interaction entre le niveau d'aliénation éventuelle d'un auteur d'infraction, et le rôle que la pathologie constatée a pu jouer dans la commission de cette infraction. C'est l'analyse de cette interaction spécifique qui permet de conclure à l'existence d'une abolition ou d'une altération du discernement. La question de la responsabilité pénale des auteurs d'infraction usagers de substances psycho-actives s'est invitée de façon de plus en plus insistante dans les débats expertaux. Cette question peut être découpée en quatre questions distinctes, dont trois médicales et l'une ouvrant sur débats juridiques et sociétaux, qu'il n'appartient pas à l'expert psychiatre de trancher. L'adjonction d'une question supplémentaire posée à l'expert psychiatre et interrogeant directement sur le rôle que l'auteur a joué dans l'émergence des symptômes psychiatriques modifiant le discernement et ayant conduit aux faits, pourrait permettre de progresser dans l'adaptation de la réponse pénale apportée à ces sujets.
Comme un noyau dans son fruit
Authors: Damasio Alain , Leplaideur Julien , Baille Rémi
Published: September 2021

L’auteur de science-fiction explique le sens qu’il donne au fait d’habiter, alors qu’il conduit une expérience collective d’une « culture du vivant » qui puisse lutter contre le régime pulsionnel du capitalisme. Dans cette expérience comme dans son travail, il est « comme un noyau dans son fruit » , selon la formule de Rilke.
Histoire des Quatre
Authors: Iswolsky Hélène
Published: September 2021

Dans cet extrait de sa biographie, Au temps de la lumière , Hélène Iswolsky, noble russe exilée après la révolution, évoque sa rencontre avec Emmanuel Mounier et la genèse de la revue Esprit .
Castoriadis fonctionnaire
Authors: Ventura Raffaele Alberto
Published: September 2021

Au moment où Castoriadis rédigeait des rapports prônant la libéralisation et la croissance économiques, il utilisait les mêmes données pour critiquer la dynamique du capitalisme. Révolutionnaire infiltré ou gauchiste hypocrite ?
Les effets d’âge et de génération dans la consommation alimentaire
Authors: Volatier Jean-Luc
Published: September 2021

L’âge est un des deux ou trois principaux déterminants des choix alimentaires. Ainsi, les consommateurs âgés sont plus intéressés par les produits frais comme les fruits et légumes ou par les saveurs originales comme l’amertume. Les modifications des conditions de vie au cours du vieillissement et en particulier le fait de vivre seul ou à deux expliquent en grande partie les choix alimentaires. Mais la variabilité des choix alimentaires avec l’âge ne dépend pas uniquement de la position dans le cycle de vie. L’appartenance à une génération ayant pris certaines habitudes alimentaires dans l’enfance et l’adolescence joue aussi un rôle fondamental, notamment en ce qui concerne la facilité de préparation ou de consommation des aliments. Plus on appartient à une génération récente, moins on cuisine des produits frais. La consommation alimentaire des personnes âgées de demain sera donc probablement très différente de celle d’aujourd’hui et ce d’autant plus que leur motorisation croissante leur permet de fréquenter de plus en plus la grande distribution et d’accéder à un choix de plus en plus grand d’aliments transformés.
1973-1997, la généalogie de la Prestation Spécifique Dépendance : La lente montée d’un processus de ségrégation et de stigmatisation des « personnes âgées dépendantes »
Authors: Ennuyer Bernard
Published: September 2021

La loi du 24 janvier 1997 vient instituer, pour la première fois en France, une législation spécifique pour les personnes âgées de 60 ans et plus, qui ont besoin d'une aide dans leur vie quotidienne : la Prestation Spécifique Dépendance (PSD). Promulguée en aide sociale, cette loi est donc une loi d'assistance et de ségrégation sociale. Elle représente l'aboutissement d'un processus de catégorisation et de stigmatisation des « personnes âgées dépendantes », processus qui a pris naissance dans les années 1972-1973. Ce processus de stigmatisation s'articule autour de trois périodes distinctes : 1973-1997. De l'entrée du vocable « dépendance » dans le champ professionnel de la vieillesse, à l'émergence de ce mot dans le champ du politique (rapport Arreckx) : le temps des définitions et de la réflexion. 1980-1988. L'émergence des outils de mesure. La revendication des gériatres d'être les experts de la dépendance. La montée de la dépendance comme « problème social majeur » au regard des hommes politiques. 1989-1997. La mise en place chaotique et inachevée d'un processus législatif en direction des « personnes âgées dépendantes » : la loi PSD comme non-aboutissement d'une véritable politique publique, mais comme légitimation officielle d'une ségrégation et d'une stigmatisation de la « vieillesse dépendante ».
Visages du grand âge
Authors: Junod Philippe
Published: September 2021

Le grand nombre de représentations de la vieillesse, depuis la Renaissance jusqu’à nos jours, permet de poser la question de la valeur documentaire de la peinture. En effet, entre la réalité et les images intervient toujours un réseau de conventions et de modèles élaborés par la tradition iconographique. De plus, tout portrait met aussi en œuvre un système de valeurs. L’examen des autoportraits âgés, ou l’histoire des jugements portés sur la production tardive des peintres, sont révélateurs à cet égard. Tandis que le vieillard perd de son prestige dans la société, l’artiste tend à endosser la tenue du prophète avant d’en revendiquer la solitude.
L’éthique du guerrier
Authors: Baechler Jean
Published: September 2021

L’éthique porte sur les devoirs et les vertus afférents à chaque état humain. Celle propre à l’état de guerrier est fixée par ce qui le définit, à savoir le risque d’être tué et le droit de tuer. Mettre sa vie en danger au service du bien commun, c’est se sacrifier jusqu’à l’héroïsme et dans le sentiment de l’honneur. Exercer le droit de tuer exige de le faire sans haine, en épargnant les non-combattants et en respectant l’humanité de l’ennemi.
Chine. Des valeurs au service du Parti
Authors: Bondaz Antoine
Published: September 2021

Dénoncées par Mao Zedong, qui considérait avec mépris la « vieille société», les valeurs traditionnelles sont désormais instrumentalisées par le régime chinois pour se légitimer auprès de la population, combattre toute influence étrangère, mais aussi rassurer à l’étranger sur ses intentions. Pékin ne semble pas mettre en œuvre une stratégie fondée sur des valeurs, contrairement à ce qui est affirmé, mais met en avant des valeurs en fonction de sa stratégie.
Valeurs, vertus et vainqueurs
Authors: Goya Michel
Published: September 2021

La guerre est une chose trop sérieuse pour être laissée à des gens sans valeurs ni vertus. On ne s’engage au combat qu’avec un cadre mental prédéfini, qui indique à peu près comment les choses doivent se passer et le rôle que l’on doit y jouer. Ce cadre mental est cependant en tension permanente entre les nécessités terribles du champ de bataille et les obligations socio-culturelles de l’« arrière », deux champs instables. L’accord entre tous ces besoins parfois contradictoires tient donc le plus souvent du hasard et de l’éphémère.
Pensée, intelligence ou cerveau ? Subjectivation et psychopathologie des apprentissages
Authors: Weismann-Arcache Catherine
Published: September 2021

Cet article propose de réintroduire une psychopathologie psychanalytique des apprentissages, aujourd’hui déniée au profit de l’hypothèse neurodéveloppementale dominante. Psychopathologie et développement peuvent être articulés et revisités à l’éclairage des cadres sociétaux contemporains. La révolution numérique et les concepts d’intelligence artificielle impactent nos représentations de l’enfant qui pense, en assimilant le cerveau à l’intelligence et à la pensée. Ces équivalences cerveau-intelligence-pensée constituent une régression épistémologique qui réduit les apprentissages à une performance : dans cette perspective nous parlons aujourd’hui d’en enfant « augmenté ». De l’enfant qui pense à l’enfant qui est pensé, nous retracerons le développement de la pensée chez l’enfant en insistant sur les conditions nécessaires à ce processus. Une vignette clinique évoquera les difficultés d’une fillette dyspraxique, et montrera combien les approches actuelles déterminent l’identification des troubles et les dispositifs thérapeutiques. Nous convoquerons aussi « Les demeurées », œuvre littéraire de Jeanne Benameur, pour éclairer les empêchements à la pensée et les manières singulières de se penser comme sujet devenant et apprenant.
On the fractional susceptibility function of piecewise expanding maps
Authors: Aspenberg Magnus , Baladi Viviane , Leppänen Juho , Persson Tomas
Published: September 2021

We associate to a perturbation \begin{document}$ (f_t) $\end{document} of a (stably mixing) piecewise expanding unimodal map \begin{document}$ f_0 $\end{document} a two-variable fractional susceptibility function \begin{document}$ \Psi_\phi(\eta, z) $\end{document}, depending also on a bounded observable \begin{document}$ \phi $\end{document}. For fixed \begin{document}$ \eta \in (0,1) $\end{document}, we show that the function \begin{document}$ \Psi_\phi(\eta, z) $\end{document} is holomorphic in a disc \begin{document}$ D_\eta\subset \mathbb{C} $\end{document} centered at zero of radius \begin{document}$ >1 $\end{document}, and that \begin{document}$ \Psi_\phi(\eta, 1) $\end{document} is the Marchaud fractional derivative of order \begin{document}$ \eta $\end{document} of the function \begin{document}$ t\mapsto \mathcal{R}_\phi(t): = \int \phi(x)\, d\mu_t $\end{document}, at \begin{document}$ t = 0 $\end{document}, where \begin{document}$ \mu_t $\end{document} is the unique absolutely continuous invariant probability measure of \begin{document}$ f_t $\end{document}. In addition, we show that \begin{document}$ \Psi_\phi(\eta, z) $\end{document} admits a holomorphic extension to the domain \begin{document}$ \{\, (\eta, z) \in \mathbb{C}^2\mid 0<\Re \eta <1, \, z \in D_\eta \,\} $\end{document}. Finally, if the perturbation \begin{document}$ (f_t) $\end{document} is horizontal, we prove that \begin{document}$ \lim_{\eta \in (0,1), \eta \to 1}\Psi_\phi(\eta, 1) = \partial_t \mathcal{R}_\phi(t)|_{t = 0} $\end{document}.
Generalization of the Winfree model to the high-dimensional sphere and its emergent dynamics
Authors: Park Hansol
Published: September 2021

We present a high-dimensional Winfree model in this paper. The Winfree model is a mathematical model for synchronization on the unit circle. We generalize this model compare to the high-dimensional sphere and we call it the Winfree sphere model. We restricted the support of the influence function in the neighborhood of the attraction point to a small diameter to mimic the influence function as the Dirac delta distribution. We can obtain several new conditions of the complete phase-locking states for the identical Winfree sphere model from restricting the support of the influence function. We also prove the complete oscillator death(COD) state from the exponential \begin{document}$ \ell^1 $\end{document}-stability and the existence of the equilibrium solution.
Equilibrium decisions on pricing and innovation that impact reference price dynamics
Authors: Tao Shaokun , Du Xianjin , Sethi Suresh P. , He Xiuli , Li Yu
Published: September 2021

Previous studies have confirmed that reference prices play an essential role in consumer purchasing decisions, and some researchers have suggested that reference prices are positively influenced by innovation. Therefore, we construct an interactive effect of innovation and reference price to study their combined impact on supply chain decisions. We model a supply chain, where a manufacturer determines the innovation level and the wholesale price while the retailer controls the retail price, as a dynamic Stackelberg game. We show that the interactive effect causes the steady-state wholesale and retail prices to increase, thus motivating the manufacturer to increase innovation investment. We see that the retail price and the level of innovation increase in reference price effect whereas they decrease in consumer memory. The centralized firm has a higher steady-state innovation level and innovation/price ratio and lower steady-state retail price compared to the decentralized supply chain. Consumers also benefit from the interactive effect as well as from centralization. Finally, we use numerical analysis to demonstrate our results and offer some managerial implications.
Catch Rates for Sturgeon Chubs and Sicklefin Chubs in the Upper Missouri River 2004–2016 and Correlations With Biotic and Abiotic Variables
Authors: Braaten Patrick J. , Fuller David B. , Haddix Tyler M. , Hunziker John R. , Colvin Michael E. , Holmquist Luke M. , Wilson Ryan H.
Published: September 2021

A multiweek standardized sampling regime during 2004–2016 in a 60-km reach of the Upper Missouri River assessed reproduction and catch rates for Sturgeon Chub Macrhybopsis gelida and Sicklefin Chub Macrhybopsis meeki. We sampled age-0 Macrhybopsis (primarily Sturgeon Chubs, but potentially including Sicklefin Chubs) all years to indicate successful reproduction, but noted an inverse correlation of catch per unit area (CPUA) with year. There was an inverse correlation for CPUA of age-1+ Sturgeon Chubs with year. There was no correlation for CPUA of age-1+ Sicklefin Chubs with year, but we noted a depression in CPUA during 2010 and 2012. The study reach includes restoration directives for federally endangered Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus, with 245,000 hatchery-origin Pallid Sturgeon (HOPS) stocked since 1998 to supplement the declining wild stock. Pallid Sturgeon longer than 350 mm fork length transition to piscivory and are known to prey on Sturgeon Chubs and Sicklefin Chubs. We examined the hypothesis that mass additions of HOPS to the existing predator community could have population-level effects on the two chub species. Population modeling for the stocked HOPS through time yielded estimates of nearly 1,300 piscivore-sized HOPS in 2004, an increase to 26,000 HOPS in 2012, and decreasing numbers through 2016 (14,500). A negative correlation between HOPS abundance and age-0 Macrhybopsis CPUA had the best support among other candidate variables (discharge, water temperature, catch rates of Sauger Sander canadensis). We found an inverse correlation for CPUA of age-1+ Sturgeon Chubs and estimated HOPS abundance, and there was also evidence of an inverse association between age-1+ Sicklefin Chub CPUA and HOPS in the study area. Results for a 60-km reach of the Upper Missouri River suggest declining CPUA for age-0 Macrhybopsis and Sturgeon Chubs during 2004–2016 and modest recovery of Sicklefin Chubs after 2012. Although causative factors driving CPUA changes through time are not known, correlative analyses suggest that large numbers of HOPS added to the Missouri River predator community potentially influence CPUA of Sturgeon Chubs and Sicklefin Chubs in the study area. Testing this hypothesis will require expanded quantification of chub populations and HOPS numbers through time.