bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analytic, efficient and optimal readout algorithm for compact interferometers based on deep frequency modulation
Authors: Eckhardt Tobias , Gerberding Oliver
Published: September 2024

Compact laser interferometers with large dynamic range are one of the core emerging tools to improve low frequency performance in gravitational wave detectors by providing local displacement sensing with sub 1 $$\text {pm Hz}^{-0.5}$$

pm

Hz

-
0.5

precision. Strong sinusoidal frequency modulations are used in such laser interferometers to create heterodyne-like photodetector signals from which the phase and other parameters, such as the absolute distance, can be extracted. The nested sinusoidal function in such signals is a challenge for the real-time parameter estimation in low-noise applications. In this article, we present an algorithm to calculate exact signal parameters in a non-iterative way from such interferometric signals. The algorithm makes use of a recurrence relation between Bessel functions to enable a direct extraction of modulation parameters from the signal. Additionally, the algorithm is capable of dealing with high phase dynamics where the Doppler-shift of the signal becomes relevant and can limit the range and precision of the parameter estimation, if not accounted for. Simulations show that the algorithm is computationally efficient, can be well parallelised and the phase estimation is close to optimal precision given by the Cramer–Rao lower bound of the signal parameters.
Evolution of translational control and the emergence of genes and open reading frames in human and non-human primate hearts
Authors: Ruiz-Orera Jorge , Miller Duncan C. , Greiner Johannes , Genehr Carolin , Grammatikaki Aliki , Blachut Susanne , Mbebi Jeanne , Patone Giannino , Myronova Anna , Adami Eleonora , Dewani Nikita , Liang Ning , Hummel Oliver , Muecke Michael B. , Hildebrandt Thomas B. , Fritsch Guido , Schrade Lisa , Zimmermann Wolfram H. , Kondova Ivanela , Diecke Sebastian , van Heesch Sebastiaan , Hübner Norbert
Published: September 2024

Evolutionary innovations can be driven by changes in the rates of RNA translation and the emergence of new genes and small open reading frames (sORFs). In this study, we characterized the transcriptional and translational landscape of the hearts of four primate and two rodent species through integrative ribosome and transcriptomic profiling, including adult left ventricle tissues and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte cell cultures. We show here that the translational efficiencies of subunits of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation chain complexes IV and V evolved rapidly across mammalian evolution. Moreover, we discovered hundreds of species-specific and lineage-specific genomic innovations that emerged during primate evolution in the heart, including 551 genes, 504 sORFs and 76 evolutionarily conserved genes displaying human-specific cardiac-enriched expression. Overall, our work describes the evolutionary processes and mechanisms that have shaped cardiac transcription and translation in recent primate evolution and sheds light on how these can contribute to cardiac development and disease.
A wireless W-band 3D-printed temperature sensor based on a three-dimensional photonic crystal operating beyond 1000 ∘C
Authors: Sánchez-Pastor Jesús , Kadĕra Petr , Sakaki Masoud , Jakoby Rolf , Lacik Jaroslav , Benson Niels , Jiménez-Sáez Alejandro
Published: September 2024

In addressing sensing in harsh and dynamic environments, there are no available millimeter-wave chipless and wireless sensors capable of continuous operation at extremely high temperatures. Here we present a fully dielectric wireless temperature sensor capable of operating beyond 1000 ∘C. The sensor uses high-Q cavities embedded within a three-dimensional photonic crystal resonating at 83.5 GHz and 85.5 GHz, and a flattened Luneburg lens enhances its readout range. The sensor is additively manufactured using Lithography-based Ceramic Manufacturing in Alumina (Al2O3). Despite the clutter, its frequency-coded response remains detectable from outside the furnace at 50 cm and at temperatures up to 1200 ∘C. It is observed that the resonance frequencies shift with temperature. This shift is linked to a change in the dielectric properties of Al2O3, which are estimated up to 1200 ∘C and show good agreement with literature values. The sensor is thus highly suitable for millimeter-wave applications in dynamic, cluttered, and high-temperature environments.
Individual differences in belief updating and phasic arousal are related to psychosis proneness
Authors: Murphy Peter R. , Krkovic Katarina , Monov Gina , Kudlek Natalia , Lincoln Tania , Donner Tobias H.
Published: September 2024

Many decisions entail the updating of beliefs about the state of the environment by accumulating noisy sensory evidence. This form of probabilistic reasoning may go awry in psychosis. Computational theory shows that optimal belief updating in environments subject to hidden changes in their state requires a dynamic modulation of the evidence accumulation process. Recent empirical findings implicate transient responses of pupil-linked central arousal systems to individual evidence samples in this modulation. Here, we analyzed behavior and pupil responses during evidence accumulation in a changing environment in a community sample of human participants. We also assessed their subclinical psychotic experiences (psychosis proneness). Participants most prone to psychosis showed overall less flexible belief updating profiles, with diminished behavioral impact of evidence samples occurring late during decision formation. These same individuals also exhibited overall smaller pupil responses and less reliable pupil encoding of computational variables governing the dynamic belief updating. Our findings provide insights into the cognitive and physiological bases of psychosis proneness and open paths to unraveling the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders.
Bone mineral density as a prognostic marker in patients with biliary tract cancer undergoing surgery
Authors: Heinrichs Lisa , Fluegen Georg , Loosen Sven H. , Loberg Christina , Wittig Linda , Quaas Alexander , Plum Patrick S. , Große Hokamp Nils , Minko Peter , Krieg Andreas , Antoch Gerald , Knoefel Wolfram T. , Luedde Tom , Roderburg Christoph , Jördens Markus S.
Published: September 2024

Background

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies and surgery represents the only curative treatment approach. However, even in patients with complete tumor resection 5-year survival rates are below 30%. So far, prognostic markers to assess the outcome of these patients are lacking. We therefore evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) as a prognostic tool in patients receiving surgery for BTC.

methods

76 BTC patients undergoing tumor resection in our clinic (Duesseldorf cohort) as well as an external validation cohort of 34 BTC patients (Cologne cohort) were included. BMD was analyzed at the first lumbar vertebra, using routine CT scans which has been proven comparable to DXA.

Results

Median overall survival (OS) of the Duesseldorf cohort after surgery was 527 days, one- and five-year survival probabilities were 62 and 18%. Patients with BMD above 156.5 HU had significantly improved OS (1435 days vs. 459 days; p = 0.002). The prognostic value for BMD was confirmed using Cox-regression analysis, as well as an external validation cohort. In subgroup analysis the prognostic effect of BMD was only present in female patients, suggesting sex specific differences.

Conclusion

BMD is a valuable, easily accessible and independent prognostic marker in patients receiving liver surgery for BTC.
Circadian rhythms in cardiovascular (dys)function: approaches for future therapeutics
Authors: Lecacheur Margaux , Ammerlaan Daniëlle J. M. , Dierickx Pieterjan
Published: September 2024

The circadian clock is an evolutionarily conserved time-keeper that regulates physiological processes across 24 h. In the cardiovascular system, several parameters, such as blood pressure, heart rate, and metabolism, exhibit time-of-day variations. These features are in part driven by the circadian clock. Chronic perturbation of diurnal rhythmicity due to shift work or irregular social schedules has been associated with an increased risk of hypertension, arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction. This review discusses the impact of circadian rhythms on human cardiovascular health and the effect of clock disruption on the occurrence of adverse cardiac events. Additionally, we discuss how the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, such as obesity, sleep disorders, and aging, affect circadian rhythms. Finally, we elaborate on chronotherapy as well as on targeting the clock and highlight novel approaches to translate our scientific understanding of the circadian clock into clinical practice.
Ring-opening silylation of N-arylindoles via endocyclic C–N bond cleavage triggered by silylboranes
Authors: Tian Ye , Sun Hanying , Cui Benqiang , Han Shaoyue , Wang Tianle , Shi Yanhui , Cao Changsheng
Published: September 2024

Ring-opening silylation of indoles via reductive activation triggered by electron-rich silylboronic complexes has been successfully developed to produce silyl styrenes with perfect stereoselectivity.
Tailoring helical ends of π-extended [6]heterohelicenes to control optical, and electrochemical features
Authors: Kumar Viksit , Dongre Sangram D. , Venugopal Geethu , Narayanan Aswini , Babu Sukumaran Santhosh
Published: September 2024

The inherent helical chirality and improved π-stacking capabilities endow helicenes with fascinating photophysical characteristics when decorated with heteroatoms.
Radical relay strategy for the construction of alkylsulfonated indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-6(5H)-ones via SO2 insertion/Smiles rearrangement
Authors: Tian Si-Wei , Zhong Long-Jin , Fan Jian-Hong , Tang Ke-Wen , Liu Yu
Published: September 2024

A new radical relay approach for the efficient construction of alkylsulfonated indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-6(5H)-ones in moderate to good yields under mild conditions via SO2 insertion/Smiles rearrangement/intramolecular cyclization is developed.
Novel laser crystal Lu2TeO6: crystal growth, thermal properties, and spectral analysis
Authors: Cao Tingting , Guo Feifei , Hu Fuai , Tao Xutang , Gao Zeliang
Published: September 2024

In this paper, novel tellurate crystals Lu2TeO6 and Nd:Lu2TeO6 in a trigonal system are successfully grown by the top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method using TeO2 and Li2CO3 as fluxes.
Study on acid-modulated UiO-66-NH2 and its adsorption performance and mechanism for OTC
Authors: He Hao , Liu Xiao-kai , Zhao Bai-yun , Zhou Li-juan , Zhao Xuan , Wang Chen-xu , Zhang Ji-yuan , Zhang Yuan-fang , Wang Li
Published: September 2024

In this study, UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, using acetic acid and hydrochloric acid as modulators to optimize the specific surface area and pore width.
Correction: Quadrupolar NMR crystallography guided crystal structure prediction (QNMRX-CSP)
Authors: Peach Austin A. , Fleischer Carl H. , Levin Kirill , Holmes Sean T. , Sanchez Jazmine E. , Schurko Robert W.
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Quadrupolar NMR crystallography guided crystal structure prediction (QNMRX-CSP)’ by Austin A. Peach et al., CrystEngComm, 2024, 26, 4782–4803, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CE01306E.
Direct liquid injection pulsed-pressure MOCVD of large area MoS2 on Si/SiO2
Authors: Astié Vincent , Wasem Klein Felipe , Makhlouf Houssin , Paillet Matthieu , Huntzinger Jean-Roch , Sauvajol Jean-Louis , Zahab Ahmed-Azmi , Juillaguet Sandrine , Contreras Sylvie , Voiry Damien , Landois Périne , Decams Jean-Manuel
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the reproducible DLI-MOCVD of MoS2 on Si/SiO2 from benign precursors, with very high photoluminescence on a cm-scale area.
Simulation of a Diels–Alder reaction on a quantum computer
Authors: Liepuoniute Ieva , Motta Mario , Pellegrini Thaddeus , Rice Julia E. , Gujarati Tanvi P. , Gil Sofia , Jones Gavin O.
Published: September 2024

The simulation of chemical reactions is an anticipated application of quantum computers.
Revealing the enhancement of Li plating/stripping efficiency in TEGDME-based low-concentration electrolytes for anode-free lithium metal batteries
Authors: Wang Yushen , Noguchi Hidenori
Published: September 2024

The oxidation of the major SEI component Li2O via the oxidative subsequent SEI formation process is suppressed under the influence of LiNO3 additive, favoring a dendrite-less surface in the dilute LiTFSI/TEGDME electrolyte.
Insights into nonlinear absorption transitions in a silver-incorporated reduced graphene oxide–molybdenum disulfide (Ag–rGO–MoS2) hybrid
Authors: Abith M. , Sabari Girisun T. C.
Published: September 2024

Experimental demonstration of peculiar transition from saturable absorption to genuine two photon absorption via excited state absorption was made using Ag-rGO-MoS2 hybrid.
Composite machine learning strategy for natural products taxonomical classification and structural insights
Authors: Xu Qisong , Tan Alan K. X. , Guo Liangfeng , Lim Yee Hwee , Tay Dillon W. P. , Ang Shi Jun
Published: September 2024

A composite machine learning model combining graph and decision tree-based architectures achieved high accuracy in taxonomical classification of natural products and uncovered key structure–taxonomy relationships.
Nisin A elevates adenosine to achieve anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Li Yonglu , Wang Yadi , Yan Shihai , Li Yapeng , Gao Xin , Yu Jiabin , Chen Shuxin , Li Ping , Gu Qing
Published: September 2024

This study uncovers that nisin A achieves excellent anti-inflammatory activity via enhancing the level of adenosine, followed by the up-regulation of the sphingolipid signaling pathway and down-regulation of purine metabolism.
Novel approach for ameliorating high-fat diet-induced syndromes via probiotic-fermented oyster mushroom: from metabolites and microbiota to regulation mechanisms
Authors: Dai Zhen , Lin Yanhong , Chen Guandi , Yu Peng , Wu Haotian , Ning Ming , Blanchard Chris , Zhou Zhongkai
Published: September 2024

Although effect of either probiotics or some edible mushrooms on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota has been reported, impact of Lactobacillus rhamnoses-fermented oyster mushroom on intervention of dysbiosis induced by HFD is far from investigated.
Green and controllable synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical difluoromethylated diarylmethanes via a direct bisarylation strategy enabled by an HFIP–B(C6F5)3 adduct
Authors: Li Xindi , Zhu Yiping , Gong Zhina , Li Jinshan , Xie Jialin , Zhao Zhendong , Li Jianwei , Jia Chunman
Published: September 2024

An efficient and environmentally friendly for the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical difluoromethylated diarylmethanes via direct bisarylation of difluoroacetaldehyde hemiacetal with aniline enabled by HFIP–B(C6F5)3 adduct is described.
Optimization of informative variables selection for quantitative analysis of heavy metal (Cu) contaminated Tegillarca granosa using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Xudong , Chen Xiaojing , Huang Guangzao , Xie Zhonghao , Shi Wen , Ali Shujat , Yuan Leiming , Chen Xi
Published: September 2024

The KMRCD algorithm successfully selected 50 informative variables from the 1520 variables in the LIBS spectra.
High-throughput selection of sperm with improved DNA integrity and rapidly progressive motility using a butterfly-shaped chip compared to the swim-up method
Authors: Sharafatdoust Asl Ali , Zabetian Targhi Mohammad , Zeaei Soroush , Halvaei Iman , Nosrati Reza
Published: September 2024

The BSC is developed to isolate 25 500 rapidly progressive sperm with improved DNA integrity in 20 minutes by incorporating a dual selection mechanism for ART.
Advancing neodymium permanent magnets with laser powder bed fusion technology: a comprehensive review of process–structure–property relationship
Authors: Chan Yong Rong , Seetharaman Sankaranarayanan , Fuh Jerry Ying Hsi , Pueh Lee Heow
Published: September 2024

This comprehensive review delves into the critical relationship between process, structure, and properties in the context of manufacturing neodymium (NdFeB) permanent magnets using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology.
Successive hydrolysis and transfer hydrogenation of 2-chloroquinolines to 3,4-dihydroquinolones
Authors: Luo Renshi , Wang Sen , Liang Yuqiu , Liao Jianhua , Ouyang Lu
Published: September 2024

A practical and efficient platform for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinolones through successive hydrolysis and transfer hydrogenation was presented. A wide range of 2-chloroquinolines were compatible with this catalytic system in excellent yields.
Structural diversity and chemical logic underlying the assembly of monoterpene indole alkaloids oligomers
Authors: Le Pogam Pierre , Beniddir Mehdi A.
Published: September 2024

This review aims at drawing a parallel between all known monoterpene indole alkaloids oligomers by illustrating the chemical logic underlying their assembly.
Multiscale study of the chiral self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals during the frontal ultrafiltration process
Authors: Mandin Samuel , Metilli Lorenzo , Karrouch Mohamed , Blésès Didier , Lancelon-Pin Christine , Sailler Pierre , Chèvremont William , Paineau Erwan , Putaux Jean-Luc , Hengl Nicolas , Jean Bruno , Pignon Frédéric
Published: September 2024

Multiscale study of the chiral self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals during frontal ultrafiltration process.
Graphene-wrapped yolk–shell of silica-cobalt oxide as high-performing anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Jingjing , Yong Jiawei , Li Xiangnan , Zhang Huishuang , Li Yuanchao , Niu Hongying , Yang Shuting , He Yu-Shi , Ma Zi-Feng
Published: September 2024

The SiO2 was first modified by CoO coating and then introduced into graphene to fabricate composites with high dispersibility.
Establishing a productive heterogeneous catalyst based on silver nanoparticles supported on a crosslinked vinyl polymer for the reduction of nitrophenol
Authors: Aggour Y. A. , Kenawy El-Refaie , Magdy Marwa , Elbayoumy Elsayed
Published: September 2024

The treatment of toxic nitrophenols in industrial wastewater is urgently needed from environmental, health, and economic points of view.
Robust and predictive 3D-QSAR models for predicting the activities of novel oxadiazole derivatives as multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents
Authors: Sun Yekai , Zhang Zirou , Wen Menghao , Wang Fangfang , Li Xiuling , Yang Wei , Zhou Bo
Published: September 2024

Effective 3D-QSAR models, molecular docking, molecular dynamics were employed for novel oxadiazole derivatives, the derived structural information will be helpful in the designing of novel ligands with more potent activity.
A cobalt-based metal–organic framework as a sustainable catalyst for base-free transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds
Authors: Aashish  , Gupta Ruchika , Gupta Rajeev
Published: September 2024

A bifunctional Co-MOF, offering Lewis acidic–basic and Brønsted acidic sites, acts as a heterogeneous catalyst for base-free transfer hydrogenation of assorted carbonyl compounds, including biomass-derived and biologically relevant substrates.
Ti3C2Tx MXene coupled Co(OH)2: a stable electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Solangi Muhammad Yameen , Lakhair Aashiq Ali , Dayo Farkhanda Zaman , Qureshi Rehan Ali , Alhazaa Abdulaziz , Shar Muhammad Ali , Laghari Abdul Jalil , Soomro Imtiaz Ali , Lakhan Muhammad Nazim , Hanan Abdul , Aftab Umair
Published: September 2024

Green hydrogen (H2) production via water electrolysis is a promising technique.
Sodium succinate as functional electrolyte additive to achieve highly reversible zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Cui Jiayao , Chen Yimei , Dong Yan , Zhang Hao , Ivey Douglas G.
Published: September 2024

Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained great traction due to their cost-effectiveness and improved safety when compared with Li-ion batteries (LIBs).
Sensitive detection of dipeptidyl peptidase based on DNA–peptide conjugates and double signal amplification of CHA and DNAzymes
Authors: Chen Yan , He Miao , Yin Feifan , Cheng Wenting , Wang Zhongyun , Xiang Yang
Published: September 2024

Dipeptidyl peptidase detection based on DNA–peptide conjugates and double signal amplification of CHA and DNAzymes.
Spinel CoFe2O4: a room temperature magnetic semiconductor with optical transparency
Authors: Khan Imran , Hong Jisang
Published: September 2024

Finding a suitable ferromagnetic transparent semiconducting material is of utmost importance for the development of advanced devices with unique functionalities.
Development point-of-care based lateral flow biosensor for the rapid detection of exosomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
Authors: Wang Mengyue , Wang Yanjiao , Wang Chengcheng , Ni Qingbin , Zhao Peng , Sun Baoliang , Wang Ying
Published: September 2024

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30–200 nm, and the biomolecules contained in exosomes have been used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of certain diseases.
Fault‐tolerant formation control of multi‐agent systems with multiple leaders based on intermediate variable estimator
Authors: Shi Jiantao , Xing Shuangqing , Zhang Wenli , Liu Anning , Chen Chuang
Published: September 2024

This article investigates the distributed fault‐tolerant formation control problem of a multi‐leader system with process faults and system uncertainties. This study guarantees all the followers to achieve a specified time‐varying formation and track the combination of multiple leaders. By treating faults as a special type of states, an enhanced system is constructed. Furthermore, an intermediate variable observer is designed, but the observer matching condition is not necessary. The observer is used to estimate faults and system uncertainties, for reconstructing the formation controller. The observer gains are determined by solving linear matrix inequalities. Subsequently, controller gains are designed based on Lyapunov theorem and adaptive techniques. Finally, the proposed method is verified through a simulation example.
Subarray partition based on sparse array weighted K‐means clustering
Authors: Zhao Jiayu , Huang Jianming , Cui Yansong , Zhang Naibo , Wang Yuxuan , Wang Zilai
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces the subarray partition based on the sparse array weighted K‐means clustering method, which extends the conventional K‐means clustering method through the inclusion of a weight matrix approach. This matrix is derived by recording the frequency of each element's occurrence across multiple independent sparse arrays, thereby generating a frequency matrix. The performance of SWKCM is demonstrated through simulations and comparisons with four similar methods. To assess the effectiveness and superiority of the SWKCM, it is applied to the subarray partition of a 40×40 uniform planar phased array and compared with the other four methods. The simulation results show that the proposed SWKCM method maintains comparable sidelobe suppression capabilities to those of KCM, achieving a normalized peak sidelobe level of ‐43.1076 dB. Furthermore, compared to the K‐means clustering method, the sparse array weighted K‐means clustering method significantly enhances the stability of subarray partition outcomes, as evidenced by a reduction in the peak sidelobe level standard deviation from 1.0991 to 0.8104, resulting in a 26.3% decrease in variability.
A new stair‐band hysteresis current control with constant switching frequency for UPFC application
Authors: Ndjidda Asnang David , Ngasop Ndjiya , Haman‐Djalo
Published: September 2024

A new approach based on the hysteresis current controller to obtain a constant switching frequency is proposed. This method generates an adaptive stair‐band by tracking changes in the reference current and accounting for the number of converter voltage levels. To achieve this, the maximum and minimum values of the fixed‐band switching frequency of the conventional hysteresis and their correspondence with the reference current were first determined. The proposed approach solves the problem of the variable frequency of the conventional hysteresis controller while retaining its simplicity. It also eliminates the need for intensive online adaptive band calculations, while preserving its efficiency. Furthermore, it can be applied to multi‐level converter topologies, where using a hysteresis controller has historically been challenging. To validate the proposed method, it was applied to the unified power flow controller (UPFC) with a three‐level neutral‐point clamped converter topology that connects two high‐voltage power networks in Cameroon. Simulations conducted in SIMULINK showed quasi‐constant switching frequency and accurate tracking of reference currents in both the shunt and series converters of the UPFC. This innovative approach offers an alternative solution for integrating intermittent energy sources, enhancing the UPFC's dynamic capabilities in managing diverse energy sources.
Community Health Nurse
Authors: Hesser Alexandra
Published: September 2024

Die Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland steht vor großen Herausforderungen. Community Health Nurses als neues Berufsbild könnten künftig eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Förderung der Gesundheit spielen und als Anlaufstelle in der Primärversorgung dienen.
Metabolische unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen von
Psychopharmaka
Authors: Gahr Maximilian
Published: September 2024

Metabolische unterwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen (mUAW) von Psychopharmaka haben
erhebliche gesundheitsbezogene und ökonomische Relevanz. Zu den mUAW gehören
Gewichtszunahme, gestörte Glukosetoleranz, Diabetes mellitus und Dyslipidämie.
Fast alle Antipsychotika (AP) und viele Antidepressiva (AD) sowie
Stimmungsstabilisatoren können zu mUAW, insbesondere Gewichtszunahme führen. Die
Gewichtsentwicklung in den ersten Wochen bis Monaten nach Initialisierung einer
Therapie ist der stärkste Prädiktor für Gewichtszunahme assoziiert mit AP und
AD. Die wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für mUAW sind antagonistische Effekte an
H1-, 5-HT2C- und M3-Rezeptoren sowie
antidopaminerge Effekte, wobei die Beeinflussung zahlreicher weiterer Systeme
relevant ist. Ein systematisches Monitoring metabolischer Parameter sollte bei
Therapie mit allen Substanzen durchgeführt werden, die mit einem erhöhten Risiko
für mUAW assoziiert sind. Lebensstilverändernde und diätetische Maßnahmen,
Bewegungstherapie, Dosisreduktion, Umstellung und Beendigung der Medikation
sowie eine zusätzliche Therapie mit Metformin und Topiramat sind evidenzbasierte
Therapieoptionen bei AP-assoziierter Gewichtszunahme, wobei auch die
GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten wie Liraglutid vielversprechend sind.
Maternal and Infant Morbidity and Mortality in Relation to Delivery Mode in a Large U.S. Health Care Claims Database in 2019 and 2020
Authors: Doherty Brett T. , Lynch Stephanie , Naavaal Aneesh , Li Chrissie , Cole Kimberly , MacPhee Leslie , Banning Leslie , Sharma Anup , Grabner Michael , Stanek Eric , Inglis Tiffany
Published: September 2024

Objective This study aimed to provide contemporary data on maternal and infant outcomes after delivery to better understand risks of cesarean section (CS).

Study Design Data for deliveries in 2019 and 2020 were obtained from a large U.S. commercial health care claims database. Maternal morbidity measures included 20 severe maternal morbidity (SMM) outcomes and seven additional obstetric and mental health outcomes. Infant morbidity measures included eight outcomes related to respiratory health, digestive health, atopic dermatitis, and birth trauma. Outcome prevalence was ascertained at 42 days (maternal only) and 360 days after delivery. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for prevalence adjusted for risk factors for delivery mode and each outcome. Analyses were conducted for 2019 and 2020 to assess the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Results A total of 436,991 deliveries were identified (145,061 CS; 291,930 vaginal). The prevalence of SMM was 3.3% at 42 days and 4.1% at 360 days. The covariate-adjusted odds of SMM were higher among CS than vaginal deliveries at 42 days (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.9, 2.1) and 360 days (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.7, 1.8). There were 226,983 infants available for analysis of outcomes at 360 days. Most adverse infant outcomes were more prevalent at 360 days among CS than vaginal deliveries, and the covariate-adjusted odds of any adverse infant outcome at 360 days were higher among CS than vaginal deliveries (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.3). Respiratory morbidity was most affected by delivery mode. Maternal and infant mortality up to 360 days was rare. Similar trends were observed in the 2019 and 2020 cohorts.

Conclusion This observational study, performed using recent data obtained from a large U.S. commercial claims database, provides contemporary evidence of risks to mothers and infants of CS relative to vaginal delivery.

Key Points
The Optimal Prediction Model for Successful External Cephalic Version
Authors: Yerrabelli Rahul S. , Palsgaard Peggy K. , Shankarappa Priya , Jennings Valerie
Published: September 2024

Objective The majority of breech fetuses are delivered by cesarean birth as few physicians are trained in vaginal breech birth. An external cephalic version (ECV) can prevent cesarean delivery and the associated morbidity in these patients. Current guidelines recommend that all patients with breech presentation be offered an ECV attempt. Not all attempts are successful, and an attempt does carry some risks, so shared decision-making is necessary. To aid in patient counseling, over a dozen prediction models to predict ECV success have been proposed in the last few years. However, very few models have been externally validated, and thus, none have been adopted into clinical practice. This study aims to use data from a U.S. hospital to provide further data on ECV prediction models.

Study Design This study retrospectively gathered data from Carle Foundation Hospital and used it to test six models previously proposed to predict ECV success. These models were Dahl 2021, Bilgory 2023, López Pérez 2020, Kok 2011, Burgos 2010, and Tasnim 2012 (GNK-PIMS score).

Results A total of 125 patients undergoing 132 ECV attempts were included. A total of 69 attempts were successful (52.2%). Dahl 2021 had the greatest predictive value (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.779), whereas Tasnim 2012 performed the worst (AUC: 0.626). The remaining models had similar predictive values as each other (AUC: 0.68–0.71). Bootstrapping confirmed that all models except Tasnim 2012 had confidence intervals not including 0.5. The bootstrapped 95% AUC confidence interval for Dahl 2021 was 0.71 to 0.84. In terms of calibration, Dahl 2021 was well calibrated with predicted probabilities matching observed probabilities. Bilgory 2023 and López Pérez were poorly calibrated.

Conclusion Multiple prediction tools have now been externally validated for ECV success. Dahl 2021 is the most promising prediction tool.

Key Points
Does Timing of Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Impact Blood Pressure Resolution?
Authors: Broni Eric K. , Perdigao Joana Lopes , Koelper Nathanael , Lewey Jennifer , Levine Lisa D.
Published: September 2024

Objective Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) can be diagnosed prior to labor, during labor, or postpartum. We evaluated whether the timing of HDP diagnosis impacts postpartum blood pressure (BP) outcomes.

Study Design Secondary analysis of 384 patients with HDP from a trial evaluating furosemide use on BP outcomes. The timing of HDP diagnosis was categorized into diagnosis in the antepartum period, prior to labor versus diagnosis peripartum (during labor or first day of postpartum). Outcomes included time to resolution of hypertension and persistent hypertension 7 days' postpartum. Logistic and Cox regression models were used.

Results Patients diagnosed in the peripartum period had a shorter median time to postpartum BP resolution after adjusting for severity of HDP, mode of delivery, and furosemide use (5.5 vs. 6.5 days, adjusted hazard ratio: 1.18, 95% confidence interval [1.11–1.25]).

Conclusion Patients diagnosed with HDP in the peripartum period experience a faster BP resolution than those diagnosed in the antepartum period.

Key Points
Utility of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent in Screening for Iron Deficiency in Pregnancy
Authors: Haizler-Cohen Lylach , Saeed Haleema , Quiett Valencia , Kaur Gurpinder , Tefera Eshetu A. , Gizaw Samrawit , Verstraete Richard , Auerbach Michael , Hazen Nicholas
Published: September 2024

Objective Ferritin, commonly used for diagnosing iron deficiency (ID) in pregnancy, is limited by high cost and false elevations during inflammation. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He), an alternative marker for ID, is unaffected by inflammation and analyzed on the same collection tube as the standard complete blood count (CBC). We aimed to determine the accuracy of Ret-He in detecting ID in pregnancy compared to ferritin in a U.S. cohort.

Study Design This prospective cohort study enrolled 200 pregnant participants, recruited in any trimester if a CBC was drawn as part of routine prenatal care. For those who agreed to participate, Ret-He and ferritin were collected concurrently with the CBC. ID was defined as ferritin level below 30 ng/mL. Patients were classified into three groups based on hemoglobin and ferritin results to determine the severity of ID: no ID, ID alone, and ID anemia (IDA). Four participants with anemia but normal ferritin were excluded. Receiver operating curve analysis, including the area under the curve (AUC), was performed to assess the accuracy of Ret-He in detecting ID. A one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) with post-hoc analysis was used to compare differences in Ret-He between the three groups of ID severity.

Results The prevalence of ID in our cohort was 82% (161/196). The AUC for Ret-He was 0.65 (95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.75), indicating suboptimal discrimination between patients with and without ID. Ret-He was significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.001). In post-hoc analysis, Ret-He was significantly lower in the IDA group compared to the ID group (p < 0.001) but there was only a trend of lower Ret-He in the ID group compared to the non-ID group (p = 0.38).

Conclusion Ret-He has low accuracy in diagnosing ID in pregnancy. It may be useful in detecting severe ID resulting in anemia but not a mild iron-deficient state resulting in ID only.

Key Points
Dreaming of electrical waves: Generative modeling of cardiac excitation waves using diffusion models
Authors: Baranwal Tanish , Lebert Jan , Christoph Jan
Published: September 2024

Electrical waves in the heart form rotating spiral or scroll waves during life-threatening arrhythmias, such as atrial or ventricular fibrillation. The wave dynamics are typically modeled using coupled partial differential equations, which describe reaction–diffusion dynamics in excitable media. More recently, data-driven generative modeling has emerged as an alternative to generate spatio-temporal patterns in physical and biological systems. Here, we explore denoising diffusion probabilistic models for the generative modeling of electrical wave patterns in cardiac tissue. We trained diffusion models with simulated electrical wave patterns to be able to generate such wave patterns in unconditional and conditional generation tasks. For instance, we explored the diffusion-based (i) parameter-specific generation, (ii) evolution, and (iii) inpainting of spiral wave dynamics, including reconstructing three-dimensional scroll wave dynamics from superficial two-dimensional measurements. Furthermore, we generated arbitrarily shaped bi-ventricular geometries and simultaneously initiated scroll wave patterns inside these geometries using diffusion. We characterized and compared the diffusion-generated solutions to solutions obtained with corresponding biophysical models and found that diffusion models learn to replicate spiral and scroll wave dynamics so well that they could be used for data-driven modeling of excitation waves in cardiac tissue. For instance, an ensemble of diffusion-generated spiral wave dynamics exhibits similar self-termination statistics as the corresponding ensemble simulated with a biophysical model. However, we also found that diffusion models produce artifacts if training data are lacking, e.g., during self-termination, and “hallucinate” wave patterns when insufficiently constrained.
Artificial correlation heating in PIC simulations
Authors: Acciarri M. D. , Moore C. , Baalrud S. D.
Published: September 2024

The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method, a cornerstone in plasma modeling, is widely employed for its ability to simulate kinetic phenomena in device-scale domains. Part of what makes this possible is that computational macroparticles represent many physical particles. It converges under certain constraints, including a grid spacing that resolves the Debye length and a time step small enough to respect the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition and plasma frequency stability limit. Here, we introduce a new constraint necessary to avoid Artificial Correlation Heating (ACH). This requires that the macroparticle coupling strength be smaller than one, Γw<1, where Γw≡Γw2/3, Γ=Z2e2/(4πεoakBT) is the physical coupling strength, and w is the macroparticle weight. This is particularly relevant to 3D simulations of dense plasmas, which are becoming common with modern computing power. If this condition is violated, the finite macroparticle weight artificially enhances the coupling strength and causes the plasma to heat until the macroparticle coupling strength is near unity, depending on the grid resolution. A comprehensive model of ACH is developed that incorporates electron density, temperature, macroparticle weight, and grid resolution. It is then tested using PIC simulations, delineating the boundaries of the method's applicability and offering a predictive framework for ACH. Moreover, the research explores a runaway heating process induced by ACH in the presence of ionization, which can lead to numerical instability. A conclusion of this study is that the onset of ACH can impose a more stringent constraint on the macroparticle weight and average number of macroparticles per cell than what is typically expected, particularly in 3D simulations of dense plasmas.
Machine learning for screening and predicting the best surface modifiers for a rational optimization of efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ragni Mattia , Faini Fabiola , Degani Matteo , Cavalli Silvia , Postuma Ian , Grancini Giulia
Published: September 2024

The key to keep the rising slope of perovskite solar cell performances is to reduce non-radiative losses by minimizing defect density. To this end, a large variety of strategies have been adopted spanning from the use of interfacial layers, surface modifiers, to interface engineering. Although winning concepts have been demonstrated, they result from a mere trial and error approach, which is time consuming and operator-dependent. To face this challenge, in this work, we propose the use of a machine learning approach for an educated and rational material screening with optimal characteristics in terms of surface passivation. In particular, we applied Shapley additive explanation to extract the specific chemical features of the passivator, which directly impact the device parameters, specifically the open circuit voltage (Voc). By monitoring the different material parameters as input, we were able to list the most promising passivators and directly test them in working solar cells. By comparing the device performances with the results of the modeling and with additional optical and morphological characterization, we retrieved the most significant material properties linked to the highest efficiency, which are (i) the presence of chlorine and its strong binding capacity to positively charged defects on perovskite surface, reducing the non-radiative recombination and (ii) an increased flexibility of the molecule, resulting in better coverage of the surface. Finally, we tested the predictive power of the ML algorithm proposing a new passivator, which, implemented in a working device, leads to the predicted high Voc confirming the results of the modeling.
Crystalline phase control of ferroelectric HfO2 thin film via heterogeneous co-doping
Authors: Yang S. , Lehninger D. , Sünbül A. , Schöne F. , Reck A. , Seidel K. , Gerlach G. , Lederer M.
Published: September 2024

Our study investigates heterogeneous co-doped HfO2 thin films integrated into metal-ferroelectric-metal stacks, achieved by incorporating multiple layers doped with various species during the atomic layer deposition process. This approach creates an artificial crystallization temperature gradient across the HfO2 film, influencing the preferred nucleation sites of HfO2 during rapid thermal processing. Our findings demonstrate that the phase composition of the annealed HfO2 film is primarily determined by heterogeneous or homogeneous crystallization processes. In cases of heterogeneous crystallization, where crystallization initiates from nuclei formed at electrode/HfO2 interfaces, grains predominantly crystallize in the orthorhombic phase. Conversely, grains are more likely to crystallize in the monoclinic phase if they originate from nuclei formed at the center of the HfO2 film. Additionally, we observe correlations between the texture of the HfO2 film and the texture of the electrodes.
Learning from each other: Cross-cutting diagnostic development activities between magnetic and inertial confinement fusion (invited)
Authors: Gatu Johnson M. , Schlossberg D. , Appelbe B. , Ball J. , Bitter M. , Casey D. T. , Celora A. , Ceurvorst L. , Chen H. , Conroy S. , Crilly A. , Croci G. , Dal Molin A. , Delgado-Aparicio L. , Efthimion P. , Eriksson B. , Eriksson J. , Forrest C. , Fry C. , Frenje J. , Gao L. , Geppert-Kleinrath H. , Geppert-Kleinrath V. , Gilson E. , Heuer P. V. , Hill K. , Khater H. , Kraus F. , Laggner F. , Lawrence Y. , Mackie S. , Meaney K. , Milder A. , Moore A. , Nocente M. , Pablant N. , Panontin E. , Rebai M. , Reichelt B. , Reinke M. , Rigamonti D. , Ross J. S. , Rubery M. , Russell L. , Tardocchi M. , Tinguely R. A. , Wink C.
Published: September 2024

Inertial Confinement Fusion and Magnetic Confinement Fusion (ICF and MCF) follow different paths toward goals that are largely common. In this paper, the claim is made that progress can be accelerated by learning from each other across the two fields. Examples of successful cross-community knowledge transfer are presented that highlight the gains from working together, specifically in the areas of high-resolution x-ray imaging spectroscopy and neutron spectrometry. Opportunities for near- and mid-term collaboration are identified, including in chemical vapor deposition diamond detector technology, using gamma rays to monitor fusion gain, handling neutron-induced backgrounds, developing radiation hard technology, and collecting fundamental supporting data needed for diagnostic analysis. Fusion research is rapidly moving into the igniting and burning regimes, posing new opportunities and challenges for ICF and MCF diagnostics. This includes new physics to probe, such as alpha heating; increasingly harsher environmental conditions; and (in the slightly longer term) the need for new plant monitoring diagnostics. Substantial overlap is expected in all of these emerging areas, where joint development across the two subfields as well as between public and private researchers can be expected to speed up advancement for all.
The steady-state solution of wave–current interaction based on the third-order Stokes wave theory
Authors: Ni Ming , Wei Kai , Luo Min , Wang Jinghua
Published: September 2024

This manuscript reports on the interaction of a current-free monochromatic surface wave field with a wave-free uniform current field. The existing reasonable theories of wave–current interactions are primarily based on weak current assumptions and derived from linear theory, resulting in calculation bias in the analysis of nonlinear wave–current interactions. Moreover, experimental data on high-order wave–current interactions still need to be collected. Thus, steady-state solutions named the third-order wave–current theory based on the third-order wave dispersion relationship and the principle of wave–current energy conservation were derived. The wave–current interaction experiment was set up to cover 164 sets of experimental conditions, including 33 types of periodic waves from the second to the fifth order and six different current velocities. The effects of water depth, current velocity, wave period, and height on the wave height and wavelength in the wave–current interaction field were investigated. A comparison of the mean relative error (MRE) and the determination coefficient (R2) of the wavelength with the experimental data revealed that the third-order wave–current theory outperformed the traditional linear theory, with an optimal reduction of 75% and an enhancement of 25%, respectively. Additionally, the third-order wave–current theory reduces the MRE by 25%–40% in the wave height calculation, with R2 consistently outperforming the linear theory. The third-order wave–current theory can significantly improve the calculation accuracy of the theoretical method in solving nonlinear wave–current interactions.
Time resolved x-ray diffraction using the flexible imaging diffraction diagnostic for laser experiments (FIDDLE) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF): Preliminary assessment of diffraction precision
Authors: Vennari C. E. , Palmer N. E. , Nyholm P. R. , Bhandakar N. S. , Nagel S. R. , Petre R. B. , Stan C. V. , Eggert J. H. , Bradley D. K. , Ping Y. , Thomas A. , Swift D. C. , Carpenter A. C. , MacKinnon A. J. , Benedetti L. R.
Published: September 2024

The Flexible Imaging Diffraction Diagnostic for Laser Experiments (FIDDLE) is a new diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) designed to observe in situ solid–solid phase changes at high pressures using time resolved x-ray diffraction. FIDDLE currently incorporates five Icarus ultrafast x-ray imager sensors that take 2 ns snapshots and can be tuned to collect X-rays for tens of ns. The platform utilizes the laser power at NIF for both the laser drive and the generation of 10 keV X-rays for ∼10 ns using a Ge backlighter foil. We aim to use FIDDLE to observe diffraction at different times during compression to probe the kinetics of phase changes. Pb undergoes two solid–solid phase transitions during ramp compression: from face centered cubic (FCC) to hexagonal close packed (HCP) and HCP to body centered cubic (BCC). Results will be reported on some of the first shots using the FIDDLE diagnostic at NIF on ramp compressed Pb to a peak pressure of ∼110 GPa and a single undriven CeO2 calibration shot. A discussion of the uncertainties in the observed diffraction is included.
Large-time behavior of the solutions for an inflow problem of the full compressible Navier–Stokes–Korteweg equations
Authors: Li Yeping , Gao Bairu , Luo Zhen
Published: September 2024

In this article, we are concerned with the large-time behavior of solutions to an inflow problem for the one-dimensional full compressible Navier–Stokes–Korteweg equations, which can be used to model the compressible viscous fluids with internal capillarity and heat conductivity. Under some suitable assumptions of the far fields and boundary values of the density, the velocity and the absolute temperature, the large-time behavior of the solutions for the initial boundary value problem is govern by the stationary solution and basic waves of the corresponding hyperbolic system. Then the asymptotic stability of the boundary layer, and the superposition of the boundary layer and the three-rarefaction wave are shown provided that the initial perturbation and the strength of the rarefaction wave and stationary wave are small. The proof is mainly based on L2-energy method, some time-decay estimates in Lp-norm for the smoothed rarefaction wave and the space variable decay estimates of the boundary layer. This can be viewed as the first result about the nonlinear stability of the combination of two different wave patterns for the inflow problem of the full compressible Navier–Stokes–Korteweg equations.