bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical menopause and its management. Analysis of literature data and own data
Authors: Gnatko O.P. , Mykhailiuta M.A.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the main clinical variants of the surgical menopause syndrome (SMS), provides modern views on the treatment of this pathology.The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the clinical course of SMS compared to the typical climacteric syndrome, to present modern views on its management, and to determine ways of prevention.To achieve this goal, a literature search and analysis was conducted in the PubMed scientometric database for the last 15 years, and domestic scientific publications related to the mechanisms of development, clinical course, and management of SMS were selected. At the current stage, there is a significant increase in the prevalence of uterine leiomyomas, as well as a tendency to increase the frequency of this pathology in young women. Given that 50% of uterine leiomyomas have symptomatic course, the number of surgical interventions for leiomyomas is also increasing.Hysterectomy occupies a significant place among operative interventions for benign tumors of the uterus and ovaries. As a result of hysterectomy (with or without oophorectomy) in women, SMS occurs. The main pathogenetic mechanism of SMS is hypoestrogeny. As a result, a symptom complex of menopausal disorders develops: vegetative-vascular, neuropsychic, metabolic and urogenital disorders. Compared to the classic climacteric syndrome, the clinical condition in surgical menopause is more acute and progresses faster.The management of SMS depends on the volume of surgical intervention, the age of the patient, and concomitant pathology. Treatment of SMS should be individualized and include the use of menopausal hormone therapy, herbal preparations, multivitamin complexes against the background of lifestyle modification.The prevention of SMS consists in the wide use of modern conservative and minimally invasive operations in the case of surgical treatment of benign tumors of the uterus and ovaries, a balanced approach to determining the volume of operations.
The inheritance pattern for the dwarf phenotype in hybrids from crosses among sunflower lines differing in alleles of the Rht1 locus
Authors: Anisimova I. N. , Khafizova G. V. , Makarova L. G. , Alpatieva N. V. , Ryazanova M. K. , Borisenko O. M. , Gavrilova V. A.
Published: October 2024

Background. Sunflower seed production is based on utilization of the heterosis effect, manifesting itself in improving both yield and plant height in hybrids. Short-stemmed lines need to be used to develop commercial hybrids with an optimum height. Molecular bases of the trait manifestation in the dwarf lines from VIR’s sunflower genetic collection have not yet been studied. Materials and methods. The material included 27 short-stemmed and 10 tall sunflower lines from VIR’s genetic collection, as well as the F1 and F2 hybrid generations derived from crossing the tall (VIR 340) and dwarf (VIR 171) genotypes. The parental lines and hybrids were phenotyped for plant height, leaf number, and internode length. Genotyping for the Rht1 locus (HaDella1 candidate gene), encoding the negative regulator of the gibberellin response, the DELLA protein, was performed using the developed CAPS marker. Results. The average plant height in the VIR 340 line over a three-year study was 162 cm, the number of leaves 29, and the internode length 6 cm. The VIR 171 line demonstrated the plant height of 66 cm, leaf number of 24, and internode length of 2.8 cm. The F1 hybrids were uniform, with the height of 180–190 cm, that indicated the dominance of the long stem trait. Analyzing the segregation in the F2 hybrid generation led to an assumption admitting the digenic control of the dwarf phenotype in the VIR 171 line. The CAPS marker G-D-1/ Bmt I was developed to identify a missense mutation T>C in the first exon of the HaDella1 gene, which results in the substitution of leucine with proline in the DELLA motif. Using the marker, the mutant Rht1 allele was identified in the VIR 171 and VIR 434 dwarf lines, similar in their origin and phenotype. The results of validation in the F2 hybrid population (VIR 340 × VIR 171) confirmed the efficiency of the G-D-1 / Bmt I marker for selecting dwarf genotypes homozygous for the Rht1 mutant allele.
Maintenance of inflorescence size variability within common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cultivars of various origin: the phenomenon and its possible causes
Authors: Fesenko A. N. , Fesenko I. N. , Biryukova O. V.
Published: October 2024

Background. Intrapopulation polymorphism usually can be interpreted as a result of balancing selection, but the basic mechanisms of such selection are not always clear. Earlier we documented a wide variation in the inflorescence size within one of the most genetically uniform common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cultivar ‘Skorospelaya 86’, with larger sizes controlled by recessive alleles of multiple genes. The objective of the present work was to analyze the variation within a set of buckwheat cultivars representing different morphological types of the crop, and try to make out possible mechanisms that underlie it. Material and methods. A set of buckwheat cultivars of various origin and belonging to different morphological types were analyzed. The size of inflorescences was assessed as a number of their iterative subunits, i.e., partial floret clusters (PFCs). The number of mature seeds in the entire inflorescence and various PFCs was also counted. Results and conclusions. All the cultivars were variable, with the range at the species level from 6 to 24 PFCs. Accumulation of the genes determining a larger inflorescence seems to be simply explained: larger inflorescences tended to produce more seeds than smaller ones. However, it is not so easy to explain the maintenance of the inflorescence size variability, i.e., why the alleles determining small inflorescences were not lost during the artificial selection for higher seed productivity. Probably, such polymorphism may be useful for maintaining heterosis at the population level.
Efficacy of natural and synthetic inhibitors in the elimination of viruses in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Shishchenko E. V. , Kim I. V. , Barsukova E. N. , Yermak I. M. , Kravchenko A. O. , Klykov A. G.
Published: October 2024

Background. Developing new effective plant protection methods against viruses is a vital task for seed potato production. The use of virus inhibitors (mainly synthetic ones) is the most common method in potato virus control. Products of natural origin might be a way to reduce the dependence on synthetic inhibitors. Among the former, extracts from seaweeds have high potential, producing a low or no negative impact on the environment or human health. Materials and methods. The materials of the research included potato cvs. ‘Poseidon’ and ‘Orion’ developed at the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika, the commercial antiviral product Ribavirin, and the sulfated polysaccharide – carrageenan – obtained from red algae at the G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry. A highly sensitive PCR method was employed to detect viral infections in plant samples. Results. The efficacy of chemotherapy with Ribavirin (0.03%) was established at 79.8% against PVY, 77.0% against PLRV, 80.3% against PVM, and 84.5% against PVS. The most successfully eliminated viruses were PVY, PVM, and PVS. Carrageenan as an antiviral substance eliminated potato viruses at the following rates: PLRV in 74.7% of the explants, PVM in 70.2%, PVS in 69.2%, and PVY in 16.9%. Conclusion. Analyzing the antiviral activity of natural and synthetic virus inhibitors in the case study of carrageenan and Ribavirin demonstrated their high efficacy against potato viruses. Natural polysaccharides – carrageenans – were observed to have a significant antiviral effect, so their use in agricultural biotechnology might be promising for new experiments. Our approach successfully eliminated viruses in two new promising potato cultivars, ‘Poseidon’ and ‘Orion’, which were included in the system of virus-free seed production. These cultivars were submitted for patenting and official testing under the State Variety Trials.
Activity of gemmogenesis in regenerated plants of hazelnut cv. ‘Akademyk Yablokov’ and antibiotic therapy for elimination of bacterial contamination in vitro
Authors: Krasinskaya T. A.
Published: October 2024

Background. The problem of obtaining certified planting material with biotechnological methods is important for expanding commercial and homestead plantations of hazelnut cultivars in Belarus. Materials and methods. Regenerated plants of cv. ‘Akademyk Yablokov’, representing the genus Corylus L., were a model object for studying in vitro morphogenesis and effectiveness of antibiotics against bacterial contamination, so that a protocol could be developed to obtain healthy planting material of hazelnut cultivars. The plants produced during this study were included in the duplicate ex situ collection of nut crops preserved in vitro in the active growth state. Results. Single exposure to the antibiotic kanamycin monosulfate at a concentration of 100 mg/L during antibiotic therapy in the stage of in vitro micropropagation eliminated bacterial infection in 83.3% of regenerated plants, and twofold exposure in 100%. Further cultivation revealed its phytotoxic aftereffect manifested in the form of necrosis on most of the regenerated plants and a decrease in the activity of gemmogenesis and growth. Neither single nor twofold exposure to cefotaxime sodium salt at a concentration of 90 mg/L caused elimination of bacterial infection, but gemmogenesis and regenerated plant growth retained their activity during subsequent cultivation on antibiotic-free media. The best development parameters were observed on a modified Murashige–Skoog medium with 6 mg/L 6-BA, 0.01 mg/L IBA, and 0.1 mg/L GA3 (average number of shoots: 2.2; number of microcuttings: 2.3), and a modified DKW medium with 6 mg/L 6-BA, 0.01 mg/L IBA, and 0.1 mg/L GA3 (average number of shoots: 2.05; microcuttings: 2.9). The use of zeatin as a cytokinin to stimulate adventitious morphogenesis or activate the growth of axillary meristems at a concentration of 5 or 6 mg/L was not as effective as 6-BA.
O papel da multimodade como contributo para o ensino de línguas
Authors: Oliveira Pereira Maria das Graças de , De Carvalho Tatiana Lourenço
Published: October 2024

A Linguística Aplicada - LA possui um caráter interdisciplinar e considera os contextos e os sujeitos diretamente ligados à realidade social e às ciências interdisciplinares como objeto de estudo. Assim, para o presente artigo, realizamos uma revisão de literatura, tendo como objetivo central discutir os aspectos relevantes da multimodalidade para o ensino de línguas. Como aporte teórico respaldamo-nos em Kress e Van Leeuwen (1996), Sousa (2022), entre outros autores. A metodologia adotada consiste em um trabalho de cunho bibliográfico com abordagem qualitativa. Como resultados deste estudo, concluímos que a multimodalidade é uma abordagem que tem contribuído de forma significativa para o ensino de línguas, assim como para os estudos da linguagem, de modo que nos permite refletir sobre as múltiplas semioses que estão presentes nos diversos espaços e textos realizando a construção de sentidos.
Esofagectomía mínimamente invasiva: impacto de la curva de aprendizaje. Experiencia en un centro de alto volumen
Authors: Miraglia Lucía Nicole , Ramírez Mauricio Gabriel , Solinas David , Badaloni Adolfo Eugenio , Nieponice Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Introducción. El tratamiento del cáncer de esófago ha evolucionado notablemente en los últimos años. Los nuevos abordajes permiten preservar el esófago en tumores tempranos, mediante técnicas endoscópicas, y en aquellos localmente avanzados, es posible realizar resecciones mínimamente invasivas en combinación con tratamiento oncológico. La innovación quirúrgica es necesaria para aumentar la eficacia terapéutica, sin embargo, ésta requiere un aprendizaje cuya curva impacta en los resultados obtenidos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mostrar cómo incide la curva de aprendizaje en la morbimortalidad asociada al procedimiento.
Métodos. Se tomó una cohorte de 128 pacientes con esofagectomía mínimamente invasiva por cáncer de esófago, realizadas entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2023. Se agruparon en dos etapas de manera cronológica, creando dos grupos de 64 pacientes cada uno. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, tipo de anastomosis realizada, tasa de complicaciones, anatomía patológica, días de internación y seguimiento.
Resultados. No hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos en factores demográficos, como edad y sexo, tipos histológicos o sitio de la anastomosis. La morbilidad (complicaciones tipo III y IV de Clavien-Dindo) fue del 43,7 % en la primera etapa y del 23 % en la segunda, con una diferencia significativa (p=0,02).
Conclusiones. En nuestra cohorte mostramos una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cuanto a la morbilidad entre la primera y la segunda etapa, sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en la mortalidad. Los hallazgos sugieren así que la curva de aprendizaje de un procedimiento tiene un impacto negativo transitorio sobre los resultados.
Chemical properties and surfactant characteristics of humic acid from lignite
Authors: Bannikov L.P. , Savchenko V.V.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of some specific physicochemical properties of humic acids, which are attracting increasing attention due to their potential applications. The unique structural composition, which includes both hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites, makes these materials a versatile agent in various technological processes. It has been shown that humic acid solutions have the properties of surfactants and can serve as a natural alternative to surfactants. The paper presents the results of studies of a sample of humic acid obtained from lignite. Infrared spectroscopy has revealed signs of the aromatic structure of humic acid, the presence of phenolic and other functional groups, such as hydroxyl and nitrile. The presence of carboxylic acids, esters, and complex esters was established. The complex and heterogeneous nature of humic acids has been confirmed, which makes them promising for use as surfactants. No clear evidence of the presence of -NH₂ groups was found in the IR spectrum. This suggests that lignite humic acids generally correspond to the structural formula reported in the literature. The potentiometric titration of the lignite humic acid sample made it possible to determine the dissociation constants of functional groups. The obtained values are close to the calculated dissociation constants of carboxyl groups for the model molecule of lignite humic acid. The analysis of the calculated properties of humic acid based on various structural models showed that lignite is a promising raw material for the production of humic acids with certain surface-active properties. Compared to other structures, humic acid from lignite is more hydrophobic and less soluble in water, which indicates the prospects of its use as a surfactant with better interaction with the oil phase. Keywords: humic acids, lignite, surfactant, infrared spectroscopy, composition, functional groupsб structural model. Corresponding author: Bannikov L.P., e-mail: ukhinbannikov@gmail.com
Kamusal İnsanı Yeniden İnşa Etmek: Bir Araç Olarak Açık Kamusal Alan Etkinlik Rehberleri ve İstanbul/ Kurtuluş Semtine Yönelik Öneriler
Authors: Bolat Asude
Published: October 2024

Gruplar halinde yaşayan ve etkileşim halinde olan organizmalar olarak insan sosyal bir varlıktır ve iletişim, sosyalleşme/etkileşim, gruplara katılım, topluma ve mekâna aidiyet gibi sosyal ihtiyaçlara sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, metropol kentler kalabalıklaştıkça toplum birbiriyle olan bağlarını yitirmeye başlamıştır. Kentin özü olarak tanımlanmış olan mahallelerin günümüzdeki durumu da bu şekildedir. Kamusal hayatın çökmüş olduğu böylesi bir günümüz toplumunda ‘kamusal insanın yeniden inşası’ için insanların bir araya gelebileceği ortak zeminlerin oluşturulması gerekliliği doğmuştur. Topluluk inşa eden bir araç olarak görülen açık kamusal etkinlikler ve ritüeller, insanlara bir yere gelmeleri ve tekrar kullanmaları için sebepler vermekte; ortak bir paydada ve amaçta buluşabilmelerini sağlamakta, toplum ruhunu oluşturmada rol oynamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma, öncelikle kamusal etkinliklere yönelik hazırlanmış uluslararası rehberleri analiz etmeyi, sonrasında İstanbul’un Şişli/ Kurtuluş semtine yönelik konsept etkinlik ve organizasyon rehberinin içeriğine yönelik öneriler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, sosyo-mekânsal bir perspektifle etkinlik ve organizasyonları incelemekte olup, örneklem alan olarak seçilmiş olan ve gerek tarihi gerek kültürel açıdan özgünlüğe sahip bir semt olan ‘Kurtuluş’ semti özelinde öneriler sunması açısından öneme sahiptir.
Digital CBT for Insomnia and Emotion Regulation in the Workplace: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Moukhtarian Talar , Fletcher Sophie , Walasek Lukasz , Patel Krishane , Toro Carla , Hurley-Wallace Anna Louise , Kershaw Charlotte , Russel Sean , Tang Nicole , Guy  , Meyer Caroline
Published: October 2024

Importance: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia. Dissemination of this proven effective treatment at scale in places where it is most needed remains a challenge and requires sensitive adaptation and evaluation.Objective: To determine whether a hybrid digital CBT-I and emotion regulation (ER) delivered through workplaces improves insomnia, depression, anxiety, and productivity.Design: Randomised waitlist-controlled trial, with assessments at baseline and at eight weeks post randomisation.Setting: Online treatment, accessed in confidence through workplaces or self-referral.Participants: 159 non-shift workers with at least mild symptoms of insomnia, depression or anxiety, randomised to either digital CBT-I+ER or a waitlist control group.Intervention: dCBT-I+ER was delivered through a web-based platform and four therapy sessions via video-conferencing. Participants were asked to track their sleep using actigraphy and a sleep diary that was used to pace the intervention delivered.Main outcomes and measures: Primary outcomes were scores on standardised measures for insomnia, depression and anxiety. Secondary outcomes comprised psychological wellbeing, quality of life, work productivity and satisfaction, as well as self-reported and objective sleep parameters collected through sleep diaries and actigraphy, respectively.Results: Among 159 participants (mean age 43.6±9.4 years, 76.7% female, 80.5% white), 80 were assigned to dCBT-I+ER and 79 to waitlist control. Using general linear models, case-complete analyses showed that dCBT-I+ER had significant improvements on insomnia [F1, 134=71.46, p<.0001], depression [F1, 134=35.67, p<.0001], and anxiety [F1, 134=17.63, p<.0001]. Intention to treat analyses showed equivalent results for insomnia [F1, 1429=513.79, p<.001], depression [F1, 1429=243.53, p<.001] and anxiety [F1, 1429=136.20, p<.001]. Bonferroni corrected significance at p=0.01667 was reached except for psychological wellbeing [F1, 132.13=10.64, p<0.001], with a large effect size of d=1.05 in dCBT-I+ER. Actigraphy data showed no significant effects, while sleep diary data demonstrated significant improvements in all parameters except total sleep time, favouring dCBT-I+ER with large effect sizes (0.7<d<1.5). Improvements in quality of life, work productivity and satisfaction outcomes were not significant.Conclusions and relevance: Given its efficacy in workplaces, delivering dCBT-I+ER could be an effective scalable intervention with longer-term efficacy and economic benefits to be further evaluated.Trial registration: ISRCTN13596153, Registered on 08/06/2021.
Study on the Transformation of Young Volunteers from Applied Undergraduate Colleges to Social Entrepreneurs in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Qin Wenbei , Yina Liu , Guorong Pan , Chengxin Hu , Chenghao Zhu , Lulu Song
Published: October 2024

With the development of social public welfare undertakings, the requirements for public welfare personnel are getting higher and higher. In order to engage in public welfare undertakings better and longer, the transformation of young college student volunteers to social entrepreneurs is becoming more and more prominent. In view of this, through qualitative methods, this study explores the supporting theory of the transformation, analyzes the relevant influencing factors of the transformation of applied undergraduate college students volunteers to social entrepreneurs, explores the typical cases of the transformation of young college students to social entrepreneurs in China, and adopts the perspective of college students and problem-oriented thinking. It innovatively proposes the transformation path and countermeasures for young volunteers in applied undergraduate colleges in Zhejiang Province to become social entrepreneurs, hoping to enrich the transformation theory of young volunteers from college students to young volunteers and provide theoretical basis for the smooth transformation of applied undergraduate volunteers into social entrepreneurs.
THE NEED FOR BIBLICAL RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION BEYOND SECULARISM: CONCEPTS AND IMPORTANCE
Authors: Ilesanmi Dele Alaba
Published: October 2024

This study attempts to push back the frontiers of human ignorance. The paper presents the concepts of research and biblical research and explains the significance of biblical research work to the church and the world at large. Principles underlying biblical research, types of biblical research, biblical epistemic beliefs, and the biblical research cycle are discussed in a manner that would assist the biblical researchers in any field of biblical educational studies. The paper asserts that biblical research holds the touch of true knowledge and that true knowledge can only be found in the word of God, the Bible. The study claims that the Bible is the only single source of God’s revelation to humanity that can be considered reliable, valid, inerrant, and infallible. The paper sets out to argue for the importance of engaging in biblical research with the aim of discouraging Christians and Christian scholars, pastors, and researchers from adopting and applying worldly or secular ideas to spiritual realities, rather encouraging them to conduct research from a biblical frame of reference. The study, therefore, adopts biblical exploratory research methodology to scholarly and deeply, with curiosity-driven exploration, engage with biblical texts to uncover the biblical truths that will enable Christian researchers and scholars to conduct research from a biblical frame of reference without relying on secularism. The research paper recommends and concludes that biblical research centres, institutes, and publishing outlets should be encouraged and funded by heavenly focused churches, Christian individuals, and organisations.
The Measurement of Loneliness: An Obituary (and How to Move On)
Authors: Mund Marcus , Maurer Linda , Schultz Anna , Maes Marlies
Published: October 2024

The measurement of loneliness, by now, has gone a long road; on its way, different measurement tools have been developed and many important valuable insights have been gained. However, the current practice of measuring loneliness has severe problems, so severe that we declare the measurement of loneliness dead. As main causes of death, we discuss (a) loneliness measures containing items that do not measure loneliness, (b) ambiguous, unclear, and controversial factor structures of current loneliness measures , and (c) the between-person focus of current measures that neglects the subjective nature of loneliness. Furthermore, we argue that (a) consequently adopting an idiographic perspective on the measurement of loneliness, (b) embracing the iterative nature of scale development and refinement, and (c) a consequent application of Item Response Theory may help to move on and substantially improve the measurement of loneliness in the future.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence: Redefining Industries and Economic Landscapes
Authors: Usman Muhmmad
Published: October 2024

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) is fundamentally transforming industries and reshaping economic landscapes across the globe. This paper explores how AI technologies are redefining traditional business models, enhancing operational efficiencies, and driving innovation. By examining case studies from various sectors, including healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and retail, we highlight the transformative potential of AI in improving decision-making processes, optimizing resource allocation, and personalizing customer experiences. Furthermore, we analyze the socio-economic implications of AI integration, including labor market shifts, the emergence of new skill requirements, and the ethical considerations surrounding data privacy and algorithmic bias. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of AI's impact on contemporary economic frameworks and offer insights into the strategies organizations can adopt to leverage AI for sustainable growth and competitive advantage. Ultimately, we argue that harnessing AI is not merely a technological advancement but a critical factor in redefining the future of work and economic resilience in an increasingly digital world.
Both Democrats and Republicans Can Pass the Ideological Turing Test
Authors: Mastroianni Adam , Dana Jason , Nichols Kris
Published: October 2024

Here's one way to test how well Republicans and Democrats understand each other: have each side try to pretend to be the other side, and then see if anyone can tell the difference between the real partisans and the pretenders. We find that both sides can do a convincing impression of the other side. We randomly assigned a large sample of Democrats and Republicans to write 100-word statements based on one of two prompts: either "I'm a DEMOCRAT because..." or "I'm a REPUBLICAN because...". We then showed these statements to another large sample of partisans, who were unable to tell the real statements from the fake ones.
Neurodiversity-Driven Cognitive Development Framework: Integrating Strength-Based Approaches, Neurodiversity, and Contextual Understanding of Executive Functions
Authors: Laurence Paulo Guirro , Placido Diego , Tafla Tally L.
Published: October 2024

This manuscript introduces an integrated framework connecting the strength-based approach, the neurodiversity approach, and the contextual understanding of executive functions. By challenging traditional deficit-oriented models, this framework advocates for recognizing the adaptive and context-dependent nature of cognitive abilities. We explore how these approaches collectively validate the diverse experiences of neurodivergent individuals and those from different cultural backgrounds, highlighting their unique strengths. Through an interdisciplinary lens, we emphasize the role of environmental and societal factors in shaping cognitive performance, advocating for more holistic and equitable assessments and promoting perspectives that acknowledge and value a range of skills when attempting to provide developmental support plans. This paradigm shift in psychology moves towards a diversity-oriented perspective, calling for systemic changes in how we assess, support, and value diverse cognitive profiles. We suggest that embracing this comprehensive approach can lead to more effective educational and clinical practices, fostering environments where all individuals can thrive.
Subjective valuation as a domain-general process in creative thinking
Authors: Battistello Gino , Moreno-Rodriguez Sarah , Volle Emmanuelle , Lopez-Persem Alizee
Published: October 2024

Is a talented painter also a proficient writer? The ongoing discourse on whether creativity operates through domain-general or domain-specific mechanisms has yielded challenges in our understanding of the creative process. It is admitted that creativity comprises two phases: generation and evaluation. Recent research has proposed a new framework according to which the evaluation phase involves valuation processes upstream selection. In this framework, the value of ideas, i.e., how much one likes an idea, energizes their production and drives their selection. The role of valuation was demonstrated in verbal semantic creativity, and its domain generality remains to be tested. In this study, we assessed whether valuation is a domain-general or domain-specific process. Seventy-three participants engaged in three creativity tasks (producing semantic associations, alternative object uses, and drawings) followed by rating tasks. Computational modelling revealed a consistent valuation mechanism governing idea evaluation across domains with shared value functions and valuation parameters across word associations, object uses, and drawing completions. These findings advance our understanding of the evaluation phase of creativity, portraying it as inherently domain-general. Identifying such core components of creative ideation contributes to elucidating the cognitive mechanisms underlying creativity and provides empirical support for including valuation as a core process in creativity.
Experimental Impact of a Quality Improvement Early Childhood Education Intervention in Rural China
Authors: Chen Si , Snow Catherine E.
Published: October 2024

This study recruits a large-scale sample of village-level kindergartens in rural China and employs a randomized-controlled trial experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel and affordable professional development solution tailored for new teachers from high-poverty regions. The CEREC intervention package integrates picture books, a well-structured curriculum, and progressive daily online teacher training. The estimation of the treatment effects shows that the CEREC intervention had positive effects on children’s vocabulary and teacher’s teaching quality improvement. We estimated the causal mediation effects to further our understanding of the feasibility of professional development for ECE teachers in low-resource communities. This study’s results inform a policy that guarantees universal and adequate early childhood education for all ECE students in China.
The Network Dynamics of Anti-Prejudice Norms: A Field Experiment Testing Anti-Prejudice Interventions in Real Groups
Authors: Long Feiteng , Scheepers Daan , Zingora Tibor , Pliskin Ruthie
Published: October 2024

Individuals’ attitudes towards members of ethnic and national outgroups can be shaped by peer norms within their social networks. However, little is known about the interplay between such spontaneous normative influence processes within social networks and more formalised top-down norms communicated by institutions (e.g., schools). To test this impact, we conducted a longitudinal four-wave field experiment employing social-network analysis among real groups. Students enrolled in Dutch and international psychology bachelor programmes at a Dutch university were assigned to mentoring groups (N = 288 across 50 groups in the last wave). As the institutional intervention, they watched an online diversity training video (vs. not, between participants) at the beginning of data collection (T1), and attended a diversity and inclusion session (within-participants) before T2. At each timepoint, participants reported attitudes towards outgroup members and (ingroup and outgroup) friendships with students enrolled in the same programme. We examined how peer norms (i.e., friends’ intergroup attitudes) and institutional interventions shape intergroup attitudes, finding that our institutional intervention improved intergroup attitudes and facilitated the spread of positive peer norms within networks over time.
Ageing and unruliness: Articulations of gaga feminism in representations of ageing, gender and sexuality
Authors: De Vuyst Sara , De Graeve Katrien
Published: October 2024

In prevailing Western media discourses, older women’s anger and resistance are oftenportrayed as a result of the physical and mental decline inherently associated withageing. These representations reinforce the image of older women as vulnerablesubjects who are weak, frail and excluded from society. This article proposes analternative reading of expressions of unruliness related to ageing, gender andsexuality in Western media and visual culture through the lens of Halberstam’sconcept of gaga feminism. The aim is to explore how gaga feminism’s aesthetics ofcollapse, creative anarchy and experimentation can construct new constellations ofageing, sexuality and gender. We have conducted a critical, contextualised readingof a selection of cultural artefacts that express various elements of a gaga aesthetic.Our analysis reflects on the three central principles of gaga, specifically (1) newforms of social relations and sexualities, (2) more fluid articulations of gender and (3)creative anarchy; and on what they can mean for an anti-ageist project in media andvisual culture. In this way, this article offers insights into the creative and unruly waysin which ageism, heteronormativity and sexism can be subverted and destabilised inrepresentations.
Topic Brief: Guidance for Reporting on Studies of Open and Equitable Scholarship
Authors: Altman Micah
Published: October 2024

The absence of standardized measurement and reporting hinders progress toward more reliable and equitable scientific practices. This topic brief summarized existing practice across stages of the research lifecycle to promote transparency and reliability, and to support the evaluation of participation and equity. The brief also discusses issues surrounding integrating these practices within the context of limited-term fellowship programs.
Impact of Education on Female's as at Marriage
Authors: Singh S.C. , Singh B.N.
Published: October 2024

Not Available.
Productivity-Wage Gap and Surplus Appropriation in Nepalese Agriculture
Authors: Thapa Y. B. , Aryal Urmila
Published: October 2024

Not Available.
Productivity Trends in Nepalese Agriculture (1965/66-1986/87)
Authors: Tiwari Bishwa Nath
Published: October 2024

Not Available.
Sortear las solemnidades de la historia: la filosofía como tarea histórico–crítica en el pensamiento de Michel Foucault
Authors: Vallejos Ana Laura
Published: October 2024

Resumen. Vallejos, Ana Laura. Sortear las solemnidades de la historia: la filosofía como tarea histórico–crítica en el pensamiento de Michel Foucault. A lo largo de más de 30 años de producción Michel Foucault superó los límites disciplinarios y logró una potente amalgama entre campos del saber, como la filosofía, la historia y la psicología. A través de las siguientes páginas me propongo explicitar su recorrido metodológico, las etapas de su proyecto intelectual y, en especial, de qué manera, en la década de los setenta, llevó a cabo una genealogía de la historia inspirada en la filosofía de Friedrich Nietzsche. Este procedimiento conlleva una reflexión histórica y un trabajo minucioso con los archivos. Desde esta perspectiva, la filosofía es una tarea histórico–crítica que no pretende construir un sentido unívoco y conciliador de los sucesos históricos. Por el contrario, el proyecto filosófico de Foucault, en tanto historia crítica del pensamiento, se propone ahondar en las discontinuidades y en las luchas; en definitiva, busca dilucidar los juegos de veridicción que hicieron posible nuestro presente.
GKM Test Rig: Investigation of the Long Term Operation Behavior of Tubes and Forgings Made of Alloys for Future High Efficient Power Plants
Authors: Metzger K. , Czychon K. H. , Maile K. , Klenk A. , Helmrich A. , Chen Q.
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces the GKM (Grosskraftwerk Mannheim AG) test rig, designed to evaluate new Ni-based alloys and austenitic steels for components in advanced 700°C power plants under real operational conditions. The test rig, integrated into a conventional coal-fired power plant in Mannheim, Germany, simulates extreme conditions of up to 725°C and 350/200 bar pressure. After approximately 2000 hours of operation, the paper presents an overview of the rig's design, its integration into the existing plant, and the status of ongoing tests. It also outlines parallel material investigations, including creep rupture tests, mechanical-technological testing, and metallurgical characterization. This research is crucial for the development of materials capable of withstanding the severe conditions in next-generation power plants, potentially improving efficiency and performance in future energy production.
Evaluation of 18Cr-9Ni-3Cu-Nb-N Austenitic Stainless Tubes for Ultra-Supercritical Power Boiler
Authors: Kaiyun Zheng , Yanfeng Wang , Zhengqiang Cui
Published: October 2024

Creep-resistant austenitic stainless steels are known to be the potential candidate materials for use as super- and re-heater tubes in ultra-super critical (USC) power plants. Among them, ASTM A213/A213M S30432, a novel 18-8 stainless steel (18Cr- 9Ni-3Cu-Nb-N), has attracted considerable attention from electric industry due to its combined lower cost and more excellent performance in contrast to traditional TP347H steel. More than 10 years of service in Japan laid a solid foundation for the steel being selectable USC boiler materials. Steels of S30432 have been recently developed in China during the past few years. This paper presents the evaluation results of S30432 tubes manufactured by four steel plants in China as well as Sumitomo super304H tubes for comparison. A detailed microstructural analysis of the tubes has been performed by using optical and electron microscope, and mechanical properties of the tubes have been evaluated using hardness testing as well as tensile testing up to 700°C. It was found that the impurity elements, nonmetallic inclusions and grain size of the S30432 tubes were well controlled. TEM observation revealed the microstructural changes for a selected batch of S30432 specimens in condition of hot rolled material, as-extruded tube, solution treated tube and 650°C/1000h aged tube. Most attention was paid to the morphology and distribution of precipitates in the microstructure which should be responsible for the enhanced performance of the steel. Although the hardness of all the evaluated tubes was measured to be similar, they showed more or less differences in tensile properties between each other. Creep rupture testing is still in progress, and the steel might exhibit excellent long-term creep rupture strength at 650°C as was predicted from the currently available testing results.
Low Thermal Expansion Ni-Base Superalloy for 700 C Class Steam Turbine Plant (USC141)
Authors: Kamoshida H. , Imano S. , Saito E. , Uehara T. , Toga T. , Nonomura T.
Published: October 2024

Hitachi and Hitachi Metals have developed low thermal expansion Ni-base superalloy, Ni-20Cr-10Mo-1.2Al-1.6Ti alloy (USC141) for use as A-USC steam turbine material. The approximate 105 h creep rupture strength at 740° C is 100MPa, so USC141 can be expected to apply for blades and bolts. Now we have been studying to get better creep properties by microstructure controlling such as grain size or grain boundary morphology. In addition, the segregation test of USC141 shows good Freckle tendencies, it means that it would be easy to make a large ingot which could be used as rotors or pipes. From these calculation results, we have been tried to make an 850mmϕ ESR ingot of USC141.
High-Temperature Erosion Testing Standard and Round Robin Testing
Authors: Swaminathan V.P. , Smith Jeffery S. , Gandy Dave
Published: October 2024

An international initiative is underway to develop the first standardized high-temperature solid particle erosion test method for steam turbine applications, addressing limitations of the current room-temperature ASTM G76 standard. Led by EPRI, this program involves laboratories from seven countries in a “Round Robin” testing program, aiming to establish consistent testing procedures for evaluating erosion resistance of materials used in Ultra Supercritical (USC) and advanced USC turbines. The proposed standard will use Type 410 stainless steel tested at 30 and 90-degree impingement angles with 50-micron alumina particles at 200 m/s, both at room temperature and 600°C, providing more relevant conditions for current and next-generation steam turbine applications.
Validation of Creep Crack Growth NSW Model in Extrapolating Short-Term Laboratory Test Results to Longer-Term Service Component Failure Prediction
Authors: Maleki Shervin , Zhang Yan-Hui , Nikbin Kamran
Published: October 2024

The extrapolation of short-term laboratory test results to predict long-term high-temperature component failure remains challenging, particularly for P91 steel due to its phase transformation during extended service and susceptibility to type IV cracking. While the NSW model successfully predicts creep crack growth bounds using short to medium-term test data (<10,000 hours), recent literature suggests materials may exhibit more brittle behavior and reduced failure strain in longer-term tests. This study examines whether the NSW model, using short-term uniaxial data, can effectively predict these long-term behavioral changes for more accurate service life assessment.
New Concepts for Integrity and Lifetime Assessment of Boiler and Turbine Components for Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Fossil Plants
Authors: Feuillette C. , Schmidt K. , Maile K. , Klenk A. , Roos E.
Published: October 2024

Advanced ultra-supercritical fossil plants operated at 700/725 °C and up to 350 bars are currently planned to be realized in the next decade. Due to the increase of the steam parameters and the use of new materials e.g. 9-11%Cr steels and nickel based alloys the design of highly loaded components is approaching more and more the classical design limits with regard to critical wall thickness and the related tolerable thermal gradients. To make full use of the strength potential of new boiler materials but also taking into account their specific stress-strain relaxation behavior, new methods are required for reliable integrity analyses and lifetime assessment procedures. Numerical Finite Element (FE) simulation using inelastic constitutive equations offers the possibility of “design by analysis” based on state of the art FE codes and user-defined advanced inelastic material laws. Furthermore material specific damage mechanisms must be considered in such assessments. With regard to component behavior beside aspects of multiaxial loading conditions must be considered as well as the behavior of materials and welded joints in the as-built state. Finally an outlook on the capabilities of new multi-scale approaches to describe material and component behavior will be given.
Microstructural Evolution of P92 Steel during Creep
Authors: Zhao Qinxin , Li Ting , Deng Xiang , Cheng Dingnan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the microstructural evolution of P92 steel were studied in the viewpoint of degradation mechanism based on the creep rupture experiment results obtained at elevated temperature by means of macroscopic, metallographic, electronic microscope, energy spectrum, XRD and TEM examination. The results show that the decrease of mechanical properties of P92 steel is mainly due to the change of microstructure and the transformation of carbides, and there is definite relationship between microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and life loss of P92 steel. The results are beneficial to the further study of mechanism of high temperature creep rupture strength and microstructural evolution of heat-resistant steel. It also has important instructive significance to quantitative identification of scientific selection of materials.
Long-Term Creep Strength Property of Advanced Ferritic Creep Resistant Steels
Authors: Kimura K. , Sawada K. , Kushima H.
Published: October 2024

Long-term creep strength property of creep strength enhanced ferritic steels was investigated. Stress dependence of minimum creep rate was divided into two regimes with a boundary condition of macroscopic elastic limit which corresponds to 50% of 0.2% offset yield stress (Half Yield). High rupture ductility was observed in the high stress regime above Half Yield, and it was considered to be caused by relatively easy creep deformation throughout grain interior with the assistance of external stress. Grades T23, T/P92 and T/P122 steels represented marked drop in rupture ductility at half yield with decrease in stress. It was considered to be caused by inhomogeneous recovery at the vicinity of prior austenite grain boundary, because creep deformation was concentrated in a tiny recovered area. High creep rupture ductility of Grade P23 steel should be associated with its lower creep strength. It was supposed that recovery of tempered martensitic microstructure of T91 steel was faster than those of the other steels and as a result of that it indicated significant drop in long-term creep rupture strength and relatively high creep rupture ductility. The long-term creep rupture strength at 600°C of Grade 91 steel decreased with increase in nickel content and nickel was considered to be one of the detrimental factors reducing microstructural stability and long-term creep strength. The causes affecting recovery of microstructure should be elucidated in order to obtain a good combination of creep strength and rupture ductility for long-term.
Estimates for the Onset of Type IV Cracking in Grade 91 Power Plant Components
Authors: Brett S. J.
Published: October 2024

Grade 91 steel, while increasingly popular in high-temperature power plants for both retrofit and new construction applications, faces significant challenges with Type IV cracking at the outer parent side edge of the weld heat affected zone. This structural integrity issue has led to extensive weld inspection requirements and, in severe cases, the premature replacement of grade 91 retrofit headers before their intended design life. This paper presents a method for estimating Type IV cracking timelines in operating grade 91 components by analyzing crossweld Type IV data to determine when Type IV life deviates from parent life. By combining test results from various temperatures, the method generates a generalized prediction of Type IV life that can be extrapolated to any temperature of interest, providing a practical lower bound estimate for service life of the weakest grade 91 material. This approach, which can be applied to service operating conditions to establish realistic inspection timelines for plant components, has already successfully identified early-stage Type IV cracking in two retrofit headers and is being expanded to additional grade 91 components.