bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Senior medical students’ awareness of radiation risks from common diagnostic imaging examinations
Authors: Scali Elena , Mayo John , Nicolaou Savvas , Kozoriz Michael , Chang Silvia
Published: December 2019

Background: Senior medical students represent future physicians who commonly refer patients for diagnostic imaging studies that may involve ionizing radiation. The radiology curriculum at the University of British Columbia provides students with broad-based knowledge about common imaging examinations. The purpose of this study was to investigate students’ awareness of radiation exposures and risks.Methods: An anonymous multiple-choice cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to final year medical students to assess knowledge of radiation from common diagnostic examinations and radiation-related risks following completion of the longitudinal radiology curriculum, carried out over the four years of medical training.Results: Sixty-three of 192 eligible students participated (33% response rate). The majority felt that knowledge of radiation doses of common imaging examinations is somewhat or very important; however, only 12% (N = 8) routinely discuss radiation-related risks with patients. While all respondents recognized children as most sensitive to the effects of radiation, only 24% (N = 15) correctly identified gonads as the most radiation-sensitive tissue. Almost all respondents recognized ultrasound and MRI as radiation free modalities. Respondents who correctly identified the relative dose of common imaging examinations in chest x-ray equivalents varied from 3-77% (N = 2 – 49); the remaining responses were largely underestimates. Finally, 44% (N = 28) correctly identified the excess risk of a fatal cancer from an abdominal CT in an adult, while the remainder underestimated this risk.Conclusion: Medical students acknowledge the importance of radiation-related issues to patient care. While almost all students are familiar with radiation-free modalities, many are not familiar with, and commonly underestimate, the relative doses and risks of common imaging studies. This may expose patients to increasing imaging investigations and exposure to radiation hazards.
The prevalence and effect of burnout on graduate healthcare students
Authors: Bullock Garrett , Kraft Lynnea , Amsden Katherine , Gore Whitney , Wimsatt Jeffrey , Prengle Robert , Ledbetter Leila , Covington Kyle , Goode Adam
Published: December 2019

Burnout is a growing epidemic among professional healthcare students. Unaddressed burnout has been shown to have psychological and performance related detriments. The purpose of this scoping literature review was to investigate the prevalence of burnout and its effects on the psychological, professional, empathetic ability, and academic acuity of graduate healthcare students. Inclusion criteria included English language papers published within the last 10 years and subjects in graduate healthcare professional programs. This search encompassed 8,214 articles. After title and abstract screening, 127 articles remained and were sorted into five domains of interest: etiology, professionalism, mental health, empathy, and academic performance. After duplicates were removed, 27 articles remained for the scoping review. Graduate level healthcare students had higher levels of burnout than age matched peers and the general population. The high prevalence of burnout within graduate healthcare students can have an effect on their mental health, empathy, and professional conduct. Understanding the occurrence and effects of burnout within graduate healthcare programs allows faculty and administration to plan curriculum, and provide information to students to understand, recognize, and create opportunities to decrease burnout in order to create long lasting quality clinicians.
The essential role of physician as advocate: how and why we pass it on
Authors: Luft LeeAnne M.
Published: December 2019

There is consensus amongst regulatory and certifying associations that the role of physician as advocate is a fundamental competency for Canadian physicians. Understanding what advocacy is and looks like in daily practice is integral to achieving this competency. Identifying barriers and exploring how we as physicians acquire the skills of advocacy are discussed. The current state of advocacy in medical education is reviewed as the starting point for exploring how best to foster the skills of physician as advocate.
National survey of mentorship in Canadian general surgery residency programs: Where are we and what do we need?
Authors: Delisle Megan , Rivard Justin , Hebbard Pamela , McCarthy Brendan , Wirtzfeld Debrah
Published: December 2019

Background: The benefits of mentorship on residents are well established. The current state of mentorship in General Surgery (GS) residency programs in Canada is unknown. The objectives of this study were to obtain GS residents’ and program directors’ (PD) perspectives on resident mentorship.Study Design: An electronic survey was developed and distributed to all 601 GS residents in Canada. All 17 PDs were invited for telephone interviews.Results: A total of 179 of the 601 residents responded. Ninety-seven percent (n=173) felt mentorship was important. Only 67% (n=116) identified a mentor and only 53% (n=62) reported a mentorship program. Most who identified a mentor (n=87/110, 79%) were satisfied with the mentorship received. Significant variations in mentorship existed between demographic subgroups and mentorship program types. Overall, residents (n=121, 74%) favoured having a required mentorship program.A total of 11 out of 17 PDs participated in the telephone interviews. The majority of PDs (n=9, 82%) were satisfied with current resident mentorship but most acknowledged that barriers exist (n=8, 73%).Conclusion: GS programs in Canada should ensure they are providing equal opportunities for mentorship across demographic subgroups. Programs are encouraged to examine both their program’s and their residents’ needs as well as local barriers to improve mentorship.
Book Review: Revitalizing Health for All: Case studies of the struggle for comprehensive primary health care
Authors: Hanson Lori
Published: December 2019

This is a book review. No abstract submitted.
Relationship of Venous Clinical Severity Score with Reflux and Leg Vein Diameters Based on Ultrasonography in Women Workers with Risk Factors
Authors: Darwis Patrianef , Winatha I Made Arya , Kekalih Aria
Published: December 2019

Introduction: In 2010, the American Venous Forum developed a Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) scoring system to assess the severity of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI), where this system was said to be more comprehensive than the CEAP system. However, VCSS validation was still lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine VCSS for reflux and leg vein diameter based on ultrasonography.

Method: This study was a cross-sectional diagnostic test on women workers with standing work positions of 114 people (228 limbs). VCSS assessment and ultrasound examinations were carried out on all subjects. The relationship between VCSS with reflux and leg vein diameter was analyzed using an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. This study was a cross-sectional diagnostic test on women workers with standing work positions of 114 people (228 limbs). VCSS assessment and ultrasound examinations were carried out on all subjects. The relationship between VCSS with reflux and leg vein diameter was analyzed using an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.

Results: From 228 examined limbs, the VCSS score of 0-3 was 18.4%, and the score of ≥4 was 81.6%. Reflux was found in 21.9% of the limbs. There was a significant relationship between VCSS and reflux in leg veins. The diameter of the great saphenous vein was between 2.1-12.2 mm, the femoral vein was 7.1-17 mm, the popliteal vein as 3-11.4, and the small saphenous vein was 1.7-7mm. When VCSS was analyzed for association with venous diameter, a significant relationship was found. VCSS sensitivity compared with reflux based on USG was 78%, specificity was 98.31%, positive predictive value was 92.86%, and the negative predictive value was 93.86%.

Conclusion: From the results of this study, it was concluded that the VCSS score could be used as a method for assessing chronic venous insufficiency. Although VCSS is was to assess the severity of the chronic venous disease, VCSS can also be used for screening because it shows a good relationship with the reflux and venous diameter of the limbs based on ultrasound.

Keywords: VCSS, CVI, vein reflux, leg vein diameter
Profil Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Palangka Raya Dalam Proses Analisis Artikel Ilmiah
Authors: Farcis Fenno
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Palangka Raya sebagai salah satu LPTK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi lapangan dari 40 mahasiswa sampel dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling untuk melihat proses analisis artikel ilmiah dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dan menentukan kategori akademik mahasiswa.  Data yang terkumpul berupa dokumen tertulis mahasiswa dan hasil wawancara dideskripsikan dan dianalisis setelah diadakan reduksi dan diperiksa keabsahannya dengan menggunakan metode triangulasi.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa pendidikan fisika Universitas Palangka raya dalam proses analisis artikel ilmiah adalah: 1) interpretasi 37,5%, 2) analisis 32,5%, 3) evaluasi 27,5%,  4) inferensi 22,5%, 5) eksplanasi 22,5%, dan 6) regulasi diri 12,5% dengan rerata persentase 25,8%. Perlu dilakukan upaya sistematis memperbaiki proses pembelajaran dalam upaya meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa calon pendidik fisika.
Tryptophan-enriched antioxidant cereals improve sleep in children with autistic spectrum and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders
Authors: GALÁN Carmen , SÁNCHEZ Soledad , FRANCO Lourdes , Bravo Rafael , Rivero Montserrat , Rodríguez Ana Beatriz , Barriga Carmen
Published: December 2019

The

intake of foods rich in tryptophan produces beneficial effects on sleep. The

majority of children with neurological disorders like autistic spectrum disorder

(ASD), cerebral palsy or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have

sleep problems. To evaluate the effect of tryptophan-enriched cereal intake on

sleep of children with neurological disorders. Involving 7 children with ASD, 9

children with cerebral palsy and 6 children with ADHD. They carried a wrist actimeter

to record activity. The second and fourth week children ingested control cereals

at breakfast and dinner. The first, third and fifth week test cereals were

administered at breakfast and dinner double-blinded, i.e., participants didn’t

know if they ingested tryptophan-enriched cereals or control cereals. Sleep

efficiency improved in children with ASD after tryptophan-enriched cereals

consumption at dinner. Sleep efficiency and wake bouts improved in children with

cerebral palsy after consumption of tryptophanenriched cereals at dinner.

Assumed sleep improved in volunteers with ADHD after consumption of tryptophan-enriched

cereals at dinner. Actual sleep time, sleep efficiency and immobile time

improved in these children with ADHD after consumption of tryptophanenriched cereals

at dinner and when they ingested tryptophan-enriched cereals at breakfast and

dinner too. In conclusion, intake of tryptophan-enriched cereals improves sleep

of children with ASD and ADHD.
Acoustic–phonetic and auditory mechanisms of adaptation in the perception of sibilant fricatives
Authors: Chodroff Eleanor , Wilson Colin
Published: December 2019

Listeners are highly proficient at adapting to contextual variation when perceiving speech. In the present study, we examined the effects of brief speech and nonspeech contexts on the perception of sibilant fricatives. We explored three theoretically motivated accounts of contextual adaptation, based on phonetic cue calibration, phonetic covariation, and auditory contrast. Under thecue calibrationaccount, listeners adapt by estimating a talker-specific average for each phonetic cue or dimension; under thecue covariationaccount, listeners adapt by exploiting consistencies in how the realization of speech sounds varies across talkers; under theauditory contrastaccount, adaptation results from (partial) masking of spectral components that are shared by adjacent stimuli. The spectral center of gravity, a phonetic cue to fricative identity, was manipulated for several types of context sound: /z/-initial syllables, /v/-initial syllables, and white noise matched in long-term average spectrum (LTAS) to the /z/-initial stimuli. Listeners’ perception of the /s/–/ʃ/ contrast was significantly influenced by /z/-initial syllables and LTAS-matched white noise stimuli, but not by /v/-initial syllables. No significant difference in adaptation was observed between exposure to /z/-initial syllables and matched white noise stimuli, and speech did not have a considerable advantage over noise when the two were presented consecutively within a context. The pattern of findings is most consistent with the auditory contrast account of short-term perceptual adaptation. The cue covariation account makes accurate predictions for speech contexts, but not for nonspeech contexts or for the absence of a speech-versus-nonspeech difference.
Influences of orientation on the Ponzo, contrast, and Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet illusions
Authors: Poom Leo
Published: December 2019

Explanations of the Ponzo size illusion, the simultaneous contrast illusion, and the Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet brightness illusions involve either stimulus-driven processes (assimilation, enhanced contrast, and anchoring) or prior experiences. Real-world up-down asymmetries for typical direction of illumination and ground planes in our physical environment should influence these illusions if they are experience based, but not if they are stimulus driven. Results presented here demonstrate differences in illusion strengths between upright and inverted versions of all three illusions. A left-right asymmetry of the Cornsweet illusion was produced by manipulating the direction of illumination, providing further support for the involvement of an experience-based explanation. When the inducers were incompatible with the targets being located at the different distances, the Ponzo illusion persisted and so did the influence from orientation, providing evidence for involvement of processes other than size constancy. As defined here, upright for the brightness illusions is consistent with an interpretation of a shaded bulging surface and a 3D object resulting from a light-from-above assumption triggering compensation for varying illumination. Upright for the Ponzo illusion is consistent with the inducers in the form of converging lines being interpreted as railway tracks receding on the ground triggering size constancy effects. The implications of these results, and other results providing evidence against experience-based accounts of the illusions, are discussed.
The Analysis of Health Index Development Factor in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ramli Nurlaili , Anita Anita
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Development of Health Index becomes important in measuring development. The development of the Health Index in Aceh Province is influenced by several internal and external factors.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors that influence the health index as well as formulate a health index development strategy for Aceh Province
METHODS: The method used is quantitative with a survey approach. This research was conducted from January to March 2019 in Aceh Province. Participants were determined as many as 50 stakeholders using the purposive sampling method. Data was collected in the form of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews with key stakeholders such as the Aceh Provincial Government, regional authorities within the Aceh Province (Agency, Bureau, Office, Hospital, etc. Secondary data was obtained from relevant research reports, government regulations, and others. The SWOT analysis was used to identify internal and external factors, strategies for developing the health index of the Aceh Province.
RESULTS: Sixteen factors influence the development of a health index in the province of Aceh. Analysis of internal and external factors has identified five strength factors, six weakness factors, five opportunity factors, and five threat factors. The internal factors (strength) that influence the development of the health index are the increasing role of the provincial government in improving health (0.437). Internal factors (weaknesses) that influence the development of health indices in the province of Aceh are the low quality of human resources in the health sector (0.336). External factors (opportunities) that influence the development of health indices in Aceh province are support from the central government with a value (0.399). External factors that pose a threat to the development of health indices in Aceh province are the ability of the community to finance health with a value (0.437). The results of the SWOT analysis of the condition of the development of the health index are currently in squared II (Strategy Diversification). This condition shows that the development of the health index faces a big threat. Alternative strategies for the development of health indices can be done by increasing the allocation of health spending, increasing partnerships with the private sector in implementing health programs, cooperation between the central, provincial and district governments in improving policies and improving service quality.
CONCLUSION: Some factors influence the development of the Health Index in Aceh Province. Internal factors are the role of the provincial government in improving health, and the low quality of human resources in the health sector. While external factors are the existence of support from the central government, and the ability of the community to finance health.
Cost-Effectiveness of CM-LOC Attachment versus Ball Attachment Retaining Single Implant Mandibular Overdentures
Authors: Naguib Amr Ahmed , El Khourazaty Nada Sherin , El Monaem Ashraf Abd
Published: December 2019

AIM: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of the novel CM-LOC attachment compared to the gold standard ball attachment in single implant mandibular overdenture.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-two completely edentulous patients (50 to 69 years old) seeking to improve the retention of their complete mandibular dentures by installing a single implant in the midline of the mandible were recruited for this study. The patients were equally divided into two groups. The first group received a ball attachment abutment over the implant and the second group received CM-LOC attachment abutment. The initial cost and aftercare (maintenance) cost were calculated for each attachment and compared to each other.
RESULTS: The initial cost of the CM-LOC attachment was 2.2 times that of the traditional ball attachment. The after-care cost of the CM-LOC attachment was 2.39 times more than the ball attachment. The total cost of the CM-LOC attachment was 2.22 times that of the ball attachment.
CONCLUSION: The ball attachment system showed better cost-effectiveness compared to the CM-LOC attachment from the beginning of the study and throughout all the treatment period during the first year.
Les observations des bébés : un défi méthodologique et épistémologique
Authors: Collomb Natacha
Published: December 2019

Cet article à vocation épistémologique et exploratoire, se présente comme une comparaison de deux formes possibles, appartenant à deux disciplines différentes, la psychanalyse et l’anthropologie, d’investigation par l’observation du mystère que continue à constituer le bébé. L’observation selon la méthode Esther Bick a été conçue pour compléter la formation des psychanalystes et elle concerne le bébé dans sa spécificité. L’observation participante, fondatrice de l’anthropologie moderne, vise toutes les dimensions de la vie sociale mais n’a pas été pensée pour ce sujet singulier. Après avoir proposé quelques hypothèses concernant la place marginale que le bébé occupe dans les recherches anthropologiques, je montre les points de convergence et de divergence de ces deux formes d’observation et m’interroge en conclusion sur la valeur ajoutée que constituerait la fabrication d’un syncrétisme méthodologique raisonné.
L’échographie obstétricale : rite médical ou rituel séculier de passage ?
Authors: Missonnier Sylvain
Published: December 2019

L’hypothèse de ce travail est la suivante : dans les pays industrialisés, l’échographie obstétricale est aujourd’hui un espace-temps de rencontre qui oscille entre rite obsessionnel aliénant tel qu’on l’entend en psychanalyse et rituel séculier créatif de passage à la parentalité tel qu’on pourrait l’envisager en anthropologie. Elle découle d’une étude interdisciplinaire sur le cadre échographique à la maternité de Versailles (dans la région parisienne) qui a montré que les échographies obstétricales constituent un espace potentiel de prévention médico-psycho-sociale primaire et secondaire « tout venant ». L’analyse montre que pour que l’échographie obstétricale devienne un rituel et n’en reste pas au rite obsessionnel, il est nécessaire que le vécu du rituel soit l’objet d’une symbolisation commune entre parents et professionnels, condition d’une « efficacité symbolique ». La diversité des dispositifs individuels, conjugaux et collectifs de préparation à la naissance et à la parentalité peuvent ainsi y contribuer. Mais pour cela, les animateurs de ces dispositifs doivent prendre en compte la conflictualité latente entre la médicalisation de la transparence de la grossesse et les rites de protection du fœtus de la mère dans sa culture d’appartenance. Le rêve et son récit peuvent occuper, dans ce contexte, un espace de médiation interculturel de choix. Enfin, les professionnels soutenant les aménagements subjectifs parentaux au profit d’une ritualisation de l’échographie obstétricale, doivent bénéficier d’un espace de réflexion où les attentes, la dynamique psychique et les référentiels culturels de chacun des acteurs en présence seront l’objet d’une réflexivité partagée. En l’état, ce statut d’une échographie obstétricale répondant aux caractéristiques d’un rituel séculier est donc à envisager comme un objectif collectif à atteindre.
La situation anthropologique fondamentale au regard de la néoténie
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: December 2019

Après avoir rappelé comment les professionnels sont passés du concept de nourrisson à celui de bébé, l’auteur aborde ensuite la problématique de la « situation anthropologique fondamentale » développée par J. Laplanche et qui correspond à la composante psychique de la néoténie humaine. Trois questions sont ensuite posées aux anthropologues, en guise d’ouverture conclusive, quant au traitement culturel de la néoténie, quant à la socialisation et quant à la place du sexuel dans le développement.
Identité postcoloniale et rapport à l’école
Authors: Lambert Mathilde , Lachal Jonathan , Moro Marie Rose , Mansouri Malika
Published: December 2019

Les adolescents franco-algériens portent, malgré eux, l’Histoire commune faite d’un rapport de domination d’un peuple sur l’autre. L’article cherche à saisir comment ces identités plurielles se mêlent lors de cette période de construction, durant laquelle la vulnérabilité transculturelle est accrue. Traversée par un passé non travaillé qui complique les projections dans l’avenir, la construction adolescente nous invite à créer des espaces de narrativité permettant la métaphorisation de l’Histoire.
Le tatouage et ce qu’il révèle
Authors: Zakhour Stéphanie , Tarazi-Sahab Layla
Published: December 2019

Le tatouage permet à l’individu de créer une signature de soi avec laquelle il va affirmer une identité choisie. Ce travail est composé d’une part d’une partie théorique et d’une autre part d’un travail sur le terrain, qui a consisté en des entretiens semi-directifs et sur la passation de l’échelle d’estime de soi de Rosenberg. Il en ressort que les sujets tatoués sont dans une quête identitaire et semblent chercher une nouvelle construction de soi.
Joan of Arc as Avatar of Female Agency and Action in America
Authors: Silver Ariel
Published: December 2019

Jeanne d’Arc cristallise l’image de la femme d’action en Amérique, de la Révolution à la Première Guerre mondiale. Sous les traits du personnage d’Eleanor, l’esprit rebelle d’une Jeanne d’Arc divine jusqu’à l’hérésie inspire aussi bien Nathaniel Hawthorne que Henry Adams dans leur création de femmes d’action américaines au pouvoir politique, social ou encore théologique ascendant. Aux États-Unis, la fascination suscitée par Jeanne d’Arc suit pas à pas l’évolution contemporaine de son parcours en France, des romances de Hawthorne à l’œuvre moderne d’Adams, embrassant un siècle qui assiste à l’émergence de la femme forte de son autonomie.
Joan of Arc and Nineteenth-Century Conservatism: The Link between Female Activism and Antimodernism
Authors: S. Smith Marc
Published: December 2019

Cet article se penche sur l’intégration de Jeanne d’Arc à la culture américaine et la façon dont son image est devenue immédiatement reconnaissable et intelligible de tous, mais assez complexe pour convenir à des courants divergents couvrant un large éventail idéologique. Il s’agit également d’examiner ce qui a permis à l’image de Jeanne d’Arc d’être mise en avant par des groupes de militantes, ainsi que dans les arts, jusqu’à devenir un symbole utilisé simultanément par les mouvements pour les droits des femmes et ceux opposés à leur droit de vote. On montrera le lien entre l’apparition de Jeanne d’Arc aux États-Unis, la montée de l’intérêt porté au Moyen Âge, l’antimodernisme et l’« American Renaissance ».
From Jeanne to Joan: Mark Twain’s Americanization of Jeanne d’Arc
Authors: Harrington Paula
Published: December 2019

La critique est longtemps restée interdite devant le dernier roman de Mark Twain, Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc dont la narration, le rythme et l’archaïsme ont été remis en cause. Pourtant, le roman historique de Twain bénéficie d’un regain d’intérêt récent chez lecteurs et universitaires. Le présent article se livre à une comparaison contextualisée des lectures présentes ou passées, en se focalisant sur la manière dont Twain « américanise » Jeanne en puisant dans les ressorts du « tall-tale ». Conclusion est tirée que l’ouvrage pourrait bien être plus en phase avec une culture ouverte aux formes hybrides qui se jouent des genres.
Happy as The Lark : Broadway Presents Joan of Arc
Authors: L. Coker Stephanie
Published: December 2019

La pièce de Jean Anouilh  L’Alouette , donnée pour la première fois à Paris (1953), fut adaptée aux États-Unis par Lillian Hellman. Acclamée par la critique , The Lark  fut jouée en 1955 et son succès aux États-Unis s’explique de plusieurs façons. La dramaturge décrit une Pucelle à la poursuite d’objectifs qui lui sont propres et la pièce a recours aux flashbacks ainsi qu’à une fin aussi heureuse qu’inattendue. Cette adaptation de Hellman vient à point, tant sa scène finale présente à l’Amérique une vision d’espoir après la catastrophe de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
« Par forme de paradoxe » : les propositions didactiques d’Étienne Tabourot (1585)
Authors: Dupouy Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2019

Contemporain de Montaigne, magistrat bourguignon, amateur de jeux verbaux et d’historiettes gauloises, Étienne Tabourot publie en 1585 un livre de Bigarrures dont le premier chapitre s’intitule : « Quelques traits utiles pour l’institution des enfans ». Bien oublié pendant longtemps, mais réédité il y a quelques années, ce petit essai mérite à plus d’un titre de retenir l’attention des historiens et des philosophes de l’éducation. D’une part, il témoigne de la continuité entre la pédagogie humaniste, d’Érasme à Montaigne, et les méthodes mises en œuvre dans les premiers collèges jésuites. D’autre part, il propose des vues originales sur l’apprentissage du lire / écrire, sur l’importance didactique de la représentation spatiale et sur le rôle cognitif de la mémoire, conçue comme une organisation dynamique des savoirs en construction.
Souci de l’œuvre et / ou compétence ?
Authors: Vincent Hubert
Published: December 2019

Il y a un risque à penser les finalités de l’école et de la formation exclusivement en termes de compétence. S’il y a des arguments solides en faveur d’une telle orientation – et c’est ce que la première partie de cet article voudrait examiner –, il reste cependant que l’attention exclusive aux compétences risque bien de nous faire oublier quelque chose, qui se situe du côté du faire œuvre et du côté du rapport aux œuvres. C’est ce que du moins je voudrais établir. Le faire œuvre, les œuvres, le souci de l’un et de l’autre, sont irréductibles à l’orientation vers la compétence et permettent de dessiner une autre orientation de l’éducation.
Correspondance
Authors: Frigerio Graciela , García Castro Antonia
Published: December 2019

En Argentine, la campagne électorale pour les présidentielles, dans un contexte économique et social difficile, est l’occasion de s’arrêter sur le sens et les enjeux d’un slogan qui fleurit : Los argentinos juntos somos imparables  / « Ensemble, rien ne peut arrêter les Argentins ».
Sages comme une image ? Sur la notion de modèle en philosophie pour enfants
Authors: Goubet Jean-François
Published: December 2019

Que signifie, pour un enfant lui-même, être sage ; quelle représentation peut-il se faire lui-même de la sagesse ? Voilà les questions que pose cet article sur la philosophie pour enfants à l’école. La sagesse n’est pas docilité, ni même capacité d’esprit critique dans un monde d’images, mais une aptitude élaborée collectivement lors d’ateliers philosophiques. Comme le montrent les écrits précoces de M. Lipman et de ses collègues, le facilitateur donne aussi une image de compétence et de circonspection. L’expérience commune communiquée et critiquée permettrait ainsi l’acquisition d’une habileté de penser sagement, et la conquête individuelle d’une image de soi empruntant à des modèles au pouvoir de l’adulte, mais indirectement.
Le temps : de la catégorie temporelle à la catégorie épistémique
Authors: Pingeot Mazarine
Published: December 2019

La philosophie de Descartes s’inscrit en rupture avec ce qui précède, et c’est en quelque sorte le geste même de la modernité : rompre, et considérer comme « Ancien » ce qui est dépassé. Cette auto-fondation par la conscience n’évacue pas pour autant « l’enfance » qui demeure à l’âge adulte, non plus comme âge, mais comme catégorie épistémique. L’enfance serait « le reste » de la modernité. On retrouve l’ambivalence de l’usage d’une catégorie temporelle transformée en opérateur structurel dans le « post » de la « post-modernité », mais c’est dans un sens inverse à celui de Descartes et de la modernité : le préfixe marque à la fois l’après et la fin. On va alors se demander s’il n’y a pas un « reste » de la post-modernité et si la catégorie de « l’enfance » n’a pas encore quelques enseignements à livrer à une époque où le post signifie une perte de l’expérience et de la réalité.
Posterior Capsular Repair Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Modified Technique
Authors: Osmani Omar , Malkani Arthur
Published: December 2019

Our modified posterior approach to total hip arthroplasty offers excellent fixation of the hip capsule on the greater trochanter, therefore minimizing the incidence of postoperative dislocation following THA.
Articular Reconstruction of Osteochondral Defects of the Talus Through Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation
Authors: Koulalis D , Schultz W , Psychogios B , Papagelopoulos P J
Published: December 2019

Autologous chondrocyte transplantation for the treatment of osteochondral defects reconstructs the articular surface of the talus, restores ankle function, and prevents the development of arthritis.
Management of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Lawrence Steven J , Grau Gregory F
Published: December 2019

Regardless of treatment modality-operative or nonoperative - the goals ot Achilles tendon rupture management include restoration ot normal function of the muscle-tendon complex with normal plantar flexor power and endurance.
In-Hospital Outcome and Resource Use in Hip Arthroplasty: Influence of Body Mass
Authors: Jibodh Stefan R , Gurkan Ilksen , Wenz James F
Published: December 2019

abstract

To determine the influence of body mass index (BMI) on perioperative morbidity, functional recovery, and hospital use, the records of 207 patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty were reviewed and patients were grouped according to BMI. Transfusion requirements, operative complications, functional recovery, and assistance needed for transfers from supine to sit, sit to stand, and bed to chair positions were analyzed at the first physical therapy. Compared with others, morbidly obese patients (BMI ≥40 kg/m
p 2
) had significantly longer mean operative time and higher mean intraoperative blood loss (P<.05), a trend toward more complications, but no significant difference in functional recovery and hospital use.
Preoperative Evaluation of Adult Isthmic Spondylolisthesis With Diskography
Authors: Cohen Max W , Maurer Philip M , Balderston Richard A
Published: December 2019

abstract

Fourteen consecutive patients with a diagnosis of isthmic spondylolisthesis (grade I and II) underwent provocative lumbar diskography (L2-S1) to evaluate the disk adjacent to the spondylolisthesis. Seven (50%) of 1 4 patients had concordant pain at the disk above the slip and 2 patients had no pain at the slip level. Surgical treatment included anteroposterior fusion of the slip level and any adjacent concordant levels. Clinical results included 3 excellent, 7 good, 2 fair, and 1 poor outcome. This data supports the hypothesis that the disk adjacent to an isthmic slip is predisposed to symptomatic degeneration 1 in the adult patient with axial pain. It does not prove that a fusion is indicated or that clinical outcomes would be improved with this approach.
Managing Anterior Shoulder Instability With Bracing: An Expanded Update
Authors: Reuss Bryan L , Harding Warren G , Nowicki Kevin D
Published: December 2019

abstract

This article provides an updated report on functional bracing for anterior shoulder instability. A classification of shoulder braces is reintroduced into three separate types. Type A braces limit shoulder motion to a "safe zone," whereas types B and C apply indirect and direct stabilizing forces to the joint, respectively. Thirteen of the most widely available braces were surveyed and the parameters of comfort, convenience, construction, cost, potential sport use, and special features were analyzed. Problem areas included poor fit and range of motion restriction. The system of classifying sports based on shoulder demands is reintroduced.
Current Concepts and Issues in Blood Management
Authors: Spence Richard K
Published: December 2019

abstract

Blood management in orthopedic surgery is no longer an option; it is a requirement. The combination of patient desire to avoid transfusion, increasing evidence of multiple risks, decreasing blood supplies, and increasing costs mandate attention. This article addresses the balance of risk versus benefit in blood transfusion and presents a perioperative plan of blood management for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
Aprotinin: A Pharmacologic Overview
Authors: Levy Jerrold H , Sypniewski Edward
Published: December 2019

abstract

Aprotinin is a polypeptide with serine protease inhibitory activity of key enzymes associated with inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and hemostatic pathways. The drug binds directly to the fibrinolytic plasmin at the lower plasmin-inhibiting dose (plasma concentration, 137 KlU/mL), and the inflammatory mediator, kallikrein, using the higher kallikrein-inhibiting dose (plasma concentration, >250 KlU/mL). Aprotinin inhibits platelet glycoprotein loss (GpIb and Gpllb/llla receptors) associated with cardiopulmonary bypass and has been described as platelet sparing. Current literature supports direct anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of neutrophil activation, attachment, and transmigration, with resultant blunting in the rise of proinflammatory cytokine levels and deleterious tissue damaging enzymes. The pharmacologic properties of aprotinin may lead clinicians to consider this therapy for use as a hemostatic and anti-inflammatory agent in surgeries beyond its established use in coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Efficacy and Safety of Aprotinin in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Levy Jerrold H
Published: December 2019

abstract

Cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass produces bleeding and the need for allogenic blood product transfusions in many patients. Blood conservation is important in the perioperative management of patients. Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor isolated from bovine lung, is a complex protease inhibitor that is an antifibrinolytic, inhibits contact activation, and decreases the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass. Aprotinin reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements in adult and pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Full-dose aprotinin significantly reduces postoperative blood loss and has been demonstrated in multiple prospective blinded studies to be safe and effective. One of the major adverse effects is anaphylaxis that occurs on re-exposure to aprotinin.
A Direct Antifibrinolytic Agent in Major Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Samama Charles Marc
Published: December 2019

abstract

Aprotinin is a potent pharmacological agent that reduces bleeding. In current surgical practices, the rate of blood transfusions has decreased with the use of aprotinin. Recently, studies using aprotinin have been conducted in orthopedic surgery. Several trials have been performed in patients undergoing total hip replacement and total knee replacement. Aprotinin moderately decreased blood loss in these patients. When aprotinin was used in patients with a high-risk of bleeding (ie, patients with cancer, sepsis, or undergoing reoperation), potent hemostatic activity occurred and the rate of blood transfusions significantly decreased. No increase in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was observed. One adverse effect was the potential occurrence of an anaphylactoid reaction. Prophylactic administration of aprotinin should be considered in extensive spine surgery and in high-risk orthopedic operations. The decision to use aprotinin can be guided by a risk/benefit analysis.
Percutaneous Closed Reduction of Fracture-Dislocation of the Shoulder
Authors: Silver Marc D , Menezes Placido , Silver Joseph W
Published: December 2019

A technique using a cannulated tap in a percutaneous manner allows for easy reduction of the dislocated humeral head with minimal soft-tissue trauma and presents a useful alternative to repeated attempts at open or closed reduction.
Complete Tear of the Radial Collateral Ligament of the Third Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Authors: Freeland Alan E , Hobgood E Rhett
Published: December 2019

Early repair of complete collateral ligament tears restores joint alignment, stability, and full passive range of motion.
Nonoperative Treatment of Partial-Thickness Meniscal Tears Identified During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Zemanovic Jason R , McAllister David R , Hame Sharon L
Published: December 2019

abstract

The reported incidence and treatment of partial-thickness meniscal tears seen at anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction varies widely. The success of nonoperative treatment of partial meniscal tears identified during ACL reconstruction at our institution was reviewed. All incomplete meniscal tears were treated with observation, all full-thickness tears were treated with repair or partial meniscectomy. Partial tears of the lateral meniscus were noted three times more commonly than in the medial meniscus and were seen more acutely after ACL injury than full-thickness tears. At 2-year follow-up, excellent knee function was noted when these tears were treated nonoperatively.
Pregabalin misuse: A silent epidemic
Authors: Hapangama A. , Kuruppuarachchi K. A. L. A.
Published: December 2019

Pregabalin is used to treat numerous conditions ranging from peripheral neuropathy to social phobia. Multiple case reports of its abuse potential and dependence, including withdrawal symptoms, have being published in the world literature. Clinicians in Sri Lanka are now encountering patients who are misusing pregabalin due to various reasons, on a regular basis.
Case Report: Combination Therapy with Liposomal Amphotericin B, N-Methyl Meglumine Antimoniate, and Pentamidine Isethionate for Disseminated Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Splenectomized Adult Patient
Authors: Vechi Hareton Teixeira , Sousa Ana Solange Vasconcelos de , Cunha Mirella Alves da , Shaw Jeffrey Jon , Luz Kleber Giovanni
Published: December 2019

In immunocompromised patients, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) can present with atypical clinical symptoms that include poor response to treatment. No optimal therapeutic regimen is available for such cases. In a splenectomized male patient, we observed a disseminated form of the disease in the liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract. There was an apparent clinical improvement when he was initially treated with liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB), but this was followed by a relapse involving severe clinical symptoms. He was finally treated successfully with a combination of L-AmB, meglumine antimoniate, and pentamidine isethionate. It is important to include asplenia as an immunosuppressive condition that induces exotic VL pathologies. In such cases, combination anti-Leishmania drug therapy should be considered.
¿Qué esconden las palabras? La enseñanza del léxico y los estereotipos nacionales
Authors: Tatoj Cecylia
Published: December 2019

Cuando hablamos de la enseñanza, no podemos olvidar que su objetivo principal es ayudar al hombre a entender el mundo, pero también –o sobre todo– a entenderse a sí mismo en relación con su propia percepción de la realidad y a comprender las relaciones que rigen los contactos sociales. Todo esto ayuda a los seres humanos a ser más conscientes de sus capacidades mentales, aunque hablamos aquí solamente del conocimiento de usuario, así como de darse cuenta de las limitaciones existentes, entenderlas y poder superarlas.
Marcadores conversacionales de acuerdo en la enseñanza de Español como Lengua Extranjera
Authors: Cantamutto Lucía , Fainstein Paula
Published: December 2019

De acuerdo con el último informe del Instituto Cervantes (Fernández Vitores, 2018), el español constituye no solo la segunda lengua materna del mundo, sino que también representa la segunda de comunicación internacional. Además, el mismo documento afirma que, junto con el inglés, el francés y el alemán, es uno de los idiomas más estudiados como lengua segunda o extranjera. Por atra parte, el español constituye «una de las lenguas con mayor cantidad de variantes idiomáticas y normas regionales y de grupo» (Rojas Mayer, 2000: 15), dada su estandarización policéntrica (Fontanella de Weinberg, 1990). En tal sentido, el estudiante de segundas lenguas debe desarrollar sus competencias pragmáticas y comunicativas de acuerdo con la variedad del español predominante en el intercambio.
Lenguaje literario vs. lenguaje natural y su tratamiento didáctico en ELE desde la Poética Cognitiva
Authors: Peragón López Clara Eugenia
Published: December 2019

La tradicional consideración del lenguaje literario como estático, complejo, alejado de la realidad y poco comunicativo ha propiciado un tratamiento parco y limitado de los textos literarios, sobre todo poéticos, en la enseñanza de segundas lenguas. No hay más que echar la vista atrás y comprobar cómo ha sido considerada la literatura en los distintos métodos y enfoques (Melero, 2000) para constatar que, aunque siempre presente, no ha estado exenta de dificultades para hacerse un hueco con entidad propia y bajo unos sólidos fundamentos didácticos que asienten su inclusión en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
La mente multilingüe y la interferencia léxica
Authors: Valencia Spoljaric Ana María , Musulin Maša
Published: December 2019

El trabajo propone evaluar la transferencia de croata (L1) y de inglés (L2) que ocurre en la producción escrita del español como L3. En el sistema educativo croata, el inglés es la lengua extranjera que se introduce en el currículo ya desde la primaria. Según los datos de Eurostat1 (2016), el 97,1 % de los alumnos estudia inglés y el 95% estudia dos o más lenguas extranjeras. Estos números sitúan a Croacia en la cumbre de los países europeos en cuanto al tema de las LE. Según un informe de la Oficina Nacional de Estadística (2018)2, 2357 estudiantes de secundaria y 247 de primaria estudiaban español en 2017. No tenemos datos exactos de las academias de lenguas extranjeras, pero conforme a ciertas estimaciones y proyecciones hechas a base de cuestionarios que rellenan los estudiantes de la Universidad de Zagreb al inscribirse en Filología Hispánica, un 22% tomó clases de español en las academias de lenguas y no en la secundaria (principalmente por el motivo de que no en todas las escuelas se imparten clases de español).
Španska književnost realizma
Authors: Soldatić Dalibor
Published: December 2019

En Serbia, que cuenta ya con una historia de cincuenta años de estudios académicos de letras hispánicas, sin embargo, pocas son las historias o estudios de literatura española dedicados a determinadas épocas o movimientos escritos en lengua serbia. La excepción han sido el libro de los profesores Ljiljana Pavlović Samurović y Dalibor Soldatić sobre la literatura medieval y del renacimiento, un libro sobre Cervantes de la profesora Samurović, el estudio de Jasna Stojanović sobre el Teatro español del Barroco, y ahora el extenso estudio y presentación de la literatura española del Realismo del profesor Vladimir Karanović.
Lingüística cognitiva y español LE/L2
Authors: Santiago Alonso Gemma
Published: December 2019

La monografía Lingüística cognitiva y español LE/L2, publicada en la prestigiosa editorial Routledge, supone una importante y necesaria contribución para el estudio de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera (LE) o segunda lengua (L2). La obra, enmarcada en el ámbito de la lingüística hispánica y la lingüística aplicada, intenta responder a los grandes problemas de la adquisición del español LE desde la perspectiva de la lingüística cognitiva, enfoque preminente dentro del ámbito de la lingüística actual que se ha convertido en referencia para los estudios de adquisición y enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras. Estamos ante una obra de referencia donde los editores (Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Teresa Cadierno y Alejandro Castañeda Castro) han sido capaces de reunir a expertos de reconocimiento internacional del ámbito de la lingüística cognitiva (entre otros, Jenaro Ortega Olivares, Ricardo Maldonado, José P. Ruiz Campillo, Reyes Llopis- García o Rosana Acquaroni). enseñanza del español