bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of Complex Organic Molecules in Cold Interstellar Environments through Nondiffusive Grain-surface and Ice-mantle Chemistry
Authors: Jin Miwha , Garrod Robin T.
Published: August 2020

A prevailing theory for the interstellar production of complex organic molecules (COMs) involves formation on warm dust-grain surfaces, via the diffusion and reaction of radicals produced through grain-surface photodissociation of stable molecules. However, some gas-phase O-bearing COMs, notably acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), methyl formate (CH3OCHO), and dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), are now observed at very low temperatures, challenging the warm scenario. Here, we introduce a selection of new nondiffusive mechanisms into an astrochemical model to account for the failure of the standard diffusive picture and to provide a more generalized scenario of COM formation on interstellar grains. New generic rate formulations are provided for cases where (i) radicals are formed by reactions occurring close to another reactant, producing an immediate follow-on reaction; (ii) radicals are formed in an excited state, allowing them to overcome activation barriers to react with nearby stable molecules; and (iii) radicals are formed through photodissociation close to a reaction partner, followed by immediate reaction. Each process occurs without thermal diffusion of large radicals. The new mechanisms significantly enhance cold COM abundances, successfully reproducing key observational results for prestellar core L1544. H abstraction from grain-surface COMs, followed by recombination, plays a crucial role in amplifying chemical desorption into the gas phase. The ultraviolet-induced chemistry produces significant COM abundances in the bulk ices, which are retained on the grains and may persist to later stages. O2 is also formed strongly in the mantle though photolysis, suggesting cometary O2 could indeed be interstellar.
ECoPANN: A Framework for Estimating Cosmological Parameters Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Guo-Jian , Li Si-Yao , Xia Jun-Qing
Published: August 2020

In this work, we present a new method to estimate cosmological parameters accurately based on the artificial neural network (ANN), and a code called ECoPANN (Estimating Cosmological Parameters with ANN) is developed to achieve parameter inference. We test the ANN method by estimating the basic parameters of the concordance cosmological model using the simulated temperature power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The results show that the ANN performs excellently on best-fit values and errors of parameters, as well as correlations between parameters when compared with that of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Besides, for a well-trained ANN model, it is capable of estimating parameters for multiple experiments that have different precisions, which can greatly reduce the consumption of time and computing resources for parameter inference. Furthermore, we extend the ANN to a multibranch network to achieve a joint constraint on parameters. We test the multibranch network using the simulated temperature and polarization power spectra of the CMB, Type Ia supernovae, and baryon acoustic oscillations and almost obtain the same results as the MCMC method. Therefore, we propose that the ANN can provide an alternative way to accurately and quickly estimate cosmological parameters, and ECoPANN can be applied to the research of cosmology and even other broader scientific fields.
RGS Observations of Ejecta Knots in Tycho’s Supernova Remnant
Authors: Williams Brian J. , Katsuda Satoru , Cumbee Renata , Petre Robert , Raymond John C. , Uchida Hiroyuki
Published: August 2020

We present results from XMM-Newton/Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) observations of prominent knots in the southernmost portion of Tycho’s supernova remnant, known to be the remnant of a Type Ia supernova in 1572 C.E. By dispersing the photons from these knots out of the remnant with very little emission in front of or behind them, we obtained the nearly uncontaminated spectra of the knots. In the southernmost knot, the RGS successfully resolved numerous emission lines from Si, Ne, O Heα and Lyα, and Fe L-shell. This is the first clear detection of O lines in Tycho’s supernova remnant. Line broadening was measured to be ∼3 eV for the O Heα and ∼4.5 eV for the Fe L lines. If we attribute the broadening to pure thermal Doppler effects, then we obtain kT
O and kT
Fe to be ∼400 keV and 1.5 MeV, respectively. These temperatures can be explained by heating in a reverse shock with a shock velocity of ∼3500 km s−1. The abundances obtained from fitting the RGS and MOS data together imply substantially elevated amounts of these materials, confirming previous studies that the knots are heated by a reverse shock, and thus contain ejecta material from the supernova. We are unable to find a Type Ia explosion model that reproduces these abundances, but this is likely the result of this knot being too small to extrapolate to the entire remnant.
Notes on Brachymenium in Guyana with a new species from Mt. Ayanganna
Authors: Robinson Harold , Golinski G. Karen
Published: August 2020

A relative of the African species described by Brotherus as Bryum perspinidens, has been discovered in Guyana with erect capsules and a short inner peristome. The Guyana material is recognized as a new species, and both species are placed in the genus Brachymenium. The characteristics that distinquish the genus are discussed with reference to the Guyana specimens of Brachymenium speciosum.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus 2 Infection: Role of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2
Authors: Shin Jinho
Published: August 2020

A role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has been suggested, because it is the molecular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). ACE2 is known to provide a protective effect for cardiac and vascular tissues, because it generally counteracts angiotensin II (Ang II) activity. ACE2 downregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may enhance ACE2 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. However, this has not been demonstrated in lung tissue. In the lungs, Ang II induces vasoconstriction to prevent ventilation perfusion mismatch, while also increasing vascular permeability (which can precipitate pulmonary edema). ACE2 is expressed in 0.67% of human lung cells, 80% of which are type 2 alveolar cells. Men (of all ethnicities) and Asian individuals have been shown to express higher levels of ACE2 than women and non-Asian individuals, respectively. However, there are no data from human studies indicating that high ACE2 expression increases the likelihood of SARS-CoV2 infection. In animal studies, an increase in Ang II caused by SARS-CoV2 or spike protein interactions, in turn due to ACE2 downregulation, has been identified as the key mechanism underlying lung injury. In human studies of SARS-CoV2 infection, ACE2 overexpression was shown to cause inflammatory apoptosis and a cytokine storm. The actions of ACE2 and Ang II in SARS-CoV2-infected vascular and lung tissues differ between animals and humans. ACE2 expression levels pre- and post-SARS-CoV2 infection should be differentiated.
Evaluation of the Recipient and Donor in Living Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Park Ha Yeol , Shin Byung Chul
Published: August 2020

Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease. A successful kidney transplant improves the quality of life and reduces the mortality risk of patients, as compared to maintenance dialysis. The number of patients awaiting kidney transplantation has steadily increased, and the gap between allograft supply and demand continues to widen despite initiatives to expand the use of nonstandard deceased-donor allografts. The use of organs from living donors is one strategy to address the need for transplants. A medical, surgical, and psychosocial evaluation is mandatory prior to living kidney donation to ensure that the donor candidate is in good health and has normal kidney function, is not a risk to the recipient with respect to transmission of infections and malignancy, and will not face unacceptable risks after donation.
A Rare Case of Chronic Otitis Media Caused by Mycobacterium massiliense in a Healthy Adult
Authors: Kim Miyeon , Heo Sang Taek , Lee Jae-Geun , Suh Michelle J. , Hyun Chang lim , Yoo Jeong Rae
Published: August 2020

Mycobacterium massiliense (M. massiliense) is a novel nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and an opportunistic pathogen that lives in the water, soil, food, and air. It is a subspecies of the rapidly growing mycobacteria Mycobacterium abscessus. This atypical pathogen has been reported mainly in patients with lung disease or those undergoing cosmetic or surgical procedures. A 62-year-old woman presented with productive otorrhea for 10 months, no history of surgery, and chronic otitis media. M. massiliense was identified from a tissue specimen using real-time polymerase chain reaction for NTM (Biosewoom, Seoul, Korea), and NTM was identified by acid-fast bacilli culture. Successful treatment consisted of clarithromycin for 4 months. No other case of chronic otitis media related to M. massiliense has been reported. This is the first confirmed case of chronic otitis media caused by M. massiliense in a healthy adult in South Korea.
Enhanced Recovery After Pediatric Scoliosis Surgery: Key Components and Current Practice
Authors: Song Bryant M. , Kadhim Muayad , Shanmugam Jaya P. , King Andrew G. , Heffernan Michael J.
Published: August 2020

With the goal of safety and efficiency in health care delivery, enhanced recovery protocols (ERPs) continue to gain traction throughout various surgical disciplines, including in pediatric scoliosis surgery. The growing body of literature reporting decreased length of stay and cost with no change in readmissions or complications has brought these protocols to the forefront. The key components of ERPs include preoperative patient counseling, perioperative pain management, and early patient mobilization. In this review, the authors aim to describe the foundational history and major components of ERPs following pediatric spine deformity surgery. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(5):e338–e344.]
Gravity-Assisted Passive Flexion in Total Knee Arthroplasty Recovery
Authors: Buttacavoli Frank A.
Published: August 2020

This study examined the use of gravity-assisted passive flexion (GAP-FLEX) for perioperative total knee arthroplasty (TKA) recovery. The main questions associated with this technique were: (1) Can GAP-FLEX improve patient recovery of range of motion after TKA? (2) Does GAP-FLEX reduce patient time and effort associated with therapy compared with continuous passive motion (CPM)? (3) Does GAP-FLEX reduce overall episodic care cost? A prospective, randomized multicenter study was conducted. Two senior surgeons used identical surgical approach, prosthesis, and postoperative management protocols. Patients consenting to the study were randomly assigned to either standard of care (CPM) or GAP-FLEX groups. Active flexion range of motion (ROM) was measured via goniometer with a primary endpoint established at 4 weeks after surgery. Secondary endpoints included pain and functional mobility. A total of 27 patients completed the study. Average ROM in the GAP-FLEX sample was 8.4° greater than the CPM sample (
P
=.009) at study endpoint. The GAP-FLEX patients achieved greater postoperative ROM within 2 days and maintained an improvement over CPM to study endpoint. Eighty-five percent (11 of 13) of GAP-FLEX patients achieved or surpassed their baseline ROM by study endpoint, compared with 50% (7 of 14) of CPM patients. These improvements occurred while requiring 90% less therapy time on device compared with the CPM patients. Patients did not report any statistically different pain levels but did exhibit higher functional mobility at endpoint (
P
=.026). [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(5):e431–e437.]
The Relationship of Locus of Control to Decision Making in Nursing Students
Authors: Neaves Joyce Johnson
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

This descriptive study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between locus of control and decision-making in nursing students. Locus of control was measured using Rotter's "Internal-External Locus of Control Scale." Decision-making was measured through use of a tool entitled "Medication Administration Questionnaire" designed by the investigator. Both tools were administered to senior nursing students in a diploma and baccalaureate school of nursing. A statistically significant relationship was found between an internal locus of control and independent decision-making. The results suggest that locus of control may be an important factor in the degree of independence exercised in decision-making by nursing students. These results also suggest that individuals with an expectancy for external control may be significantly compromised in their ability to be professional and accountable in their nursing practice. Implications for nursing education and replication of the study are discussed.
An Overview of Attachment Patterns: Psychology, Neurobiology, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Naveed Sadiq , Saboor Sundas , Zeshan Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Attachment is an emotional bond that connects children to their caregivers. The psychology of attachment suggests that children with a stronger relationship with their primary caregivers are considered secure in their attachment patterns, whereas children with a strained relationship with their early caregivers and who had felt rejected in their childhood are considered insecure. The quality of the nurturing environment in the early stages of life of children and the relationship of parents themselves (e.g., divorce, conflict) contribute significantly to shaping a child's attachment behaviors. The neurobiology of attachment patterns includes the (a) hypothalamus, which mediates stress hormones; (b) amygdala, which controls stronger emotions such as fear; and (c) prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for emotional regulation. These areas of the brain play a vital role in children's socioemotional development. The current article reviews four attachment patterns: insecure avoidant (type A), secure (type B), insecure ambivalent/resistant (type C), and disorganized (an extreme form of insecure attachment), and explores the implications of attachment patterns on the mental health of children. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58
(8), 18–22.]
New quantum codes from constacyclic codes over the ring $ R_{k,m} $
Authors: Islam Habibul , Prakash Om , Verma Ram Krishna
Published: August 2020

For any odd prime \begin{document}$ p $\end{document}, we study constacyclic codes of length \begin{document}$ n $\end{document} over the finite commutative non-chain ring \begin{document}$ R_{k,m} = \mathbb{F}_{p^m}[u_1,u_2,\dots,u_k]/\langle u^2_i-1,u_iu_j-u_ju_i\rangle_{i\neq j = 1,2,\dots,k} $\end{document}, where \begin{document}$ m,k\geq 1 $\end{document} are integers. We determine the necessary and sufficient condition for these codes to contain their Euclidean duals. As an application, from the dual containing constacyclic codes, several MDS, new and better quantum codes compare to the best known codes in the literature are obtained.
Revealing a full quantum ladder by nonlinear spectroscopy
Authors: Abramavičius Darius
Published: August 2020

Coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy in the IR or the visible region is very effective for studying correlations, energy relaxation/transfer pathways in complex multi-chromophore or multi-mode systems. However, it is usually restricted up to two-quanta excitations and their properties. In this paper, an arbitrary level of excitation is suggested as the utility to scan nonlinear potential surfaces of quantum systems up to a desired excitation degree. This can be achieved by a simple three-pulse laser spectroscopy approach. Accurate evaluation of high-level anharmonicities as well as transition amplitudes can be directly obtained. Additionally, questions regarding the quantum nature of the probed system can be addressed by studying absolute peak positions.
SecAOnto
Authors: Rosa Ferrucio de Franco , Junior Luiz Antonio Lima Teixeira , Bonacin Rodrigo , Jino Mario
Published: August 2020

Security assessment is crucial to the implementation and use of secure web portals. Literature reports studies about knowledge representation models for systems assessment and information security areas; however, there is a lack of conceptual formalization for the security assessment area. The security assessment ontology (SecAOnto) objective is to formalize knowledge on security assessment. It is based on ontologies, taxonomies, vocabularies, glossaries, and market guidelines. This paper presents an application of SecAOnto with the objective of identifying concepts in descriptions of security assessment items; the coverage of security characteristics is determined by using a coverage calculus algorithm. The application of SecAOnto and of the coverage calculus algorithms to the well-known standard ISO/IEC 27001 highlights its expressiveness. The proposal is useful for security experts and researchers in the context of security assessment, as well as to support web-based conceptual architectures.
Railway Station Buildings: An Architect Engineer Experience
Authors: Fialho João Pedro do Carmo
Published: August 2020

Innovative Aspects in Design Practice of Railway Stations Buildings Requires to Overcome Difficulties Related, among Others, Permanent Circulation of Trains, Maintenance of Accessibilities, Urban Contextualization, Performance, Economy and Sustainability of Solutions. for this Reason, from the early Stage of Architectural Genesis of a Railway Station Building Design it is Necessary an Understanding of the Essential Problems such as Functional Requirements, Tectonic Elegance and Feasibility of Structures. it is Essential a Broad Understanding of Structural Engineering and Capacity to Appropriate Explanation of the Idealized Solutions to the Structural Partners.In this Context Proposed Paper Intends to Present the Author Experience. Additionally, and Based on the Author's Experience in Teaching Curricular Units within the Scope of Architecture Technologies at the Lisbon School of Architecture, a Reflection is Made about the Importance of the Training Component of Architects in the Area of Structural Systems as an Enhancer of Innovative Architectural Projects.The Projects Presented Correspond to the Author's Activity in Portugal on Railway Passenger Stations Buildings of REFER E.P. Rede Ferroviária Nacional, over the Last 25 Years, as Architect and Structural Engineer Senior Partner in ENARCO, Gabinete De Engenharia e Arquitectura, Lda, in which he Promoted the Study of Projects Establishing a Vision of Synthesis between the Architectural and Structural Concept. these Aspects will Be Discussed through Case Studies of Platform Metallic Sheds Based on the Author Design Experience. the Studies Relate Mainly to Three Levels of Intervention: Rehabilitation of Existing Facilities; Variant Projects; Remodeling of Preexisting Infrastructures. the Design Conditions, the Design Concepts and the Structural Solutions Developed will Be Referred. the Studies are Presented by Chronological Order of Design Conclusion.
Environmental Cognition in a Coastal Fishing Village Area and its Internal Structure
Authors: Sunada Tetsumasa , Ohuchi Hirotomo , Zong Shichun , Kimura Toshihiro
Published: August 2020

This study considered the relationship between the extent of the Environmental cognition by residents in the coastal fishing area and the physical environment, as ascertained from a questionnaire survey of local residents. The Object is 59 coastal fishing villages (Izu and Bousou peninsula in Japan) in which the sea, a town, and a mountain are realized in one, and has a complicated geographical feature. We have been researched the complexity and metamorphosis patterns of common areas in coastal fishing regions using area drawing method. As a result, villages were classified into five typology of villages based on the relationship between physical environment and landscape recognition. Further, this study analysis Explicate Order and Implicate Order formed from the mutual relationship of the cognitive area and visibility/Invisibility and the clarify characteristic between cognitive area and visibility. We analysis visibility with visible region image using the 3-dimensional shade picture which applied the inverse-square damping which is an approximation to man's visual recognition and which is obtained from a spread of light. From the above analysis, correlativity of cognitive area and visibility by landscape cognition of residents was shown and its Composition was revealed.
Composition of the City Block and the Cognitive Region of the Resident in the Historical City of Tokyo
Authors: Zong Shichun , Ohuchi Hirotomo
Published: August 2020

Due to the development of communication information networks in contemporary cities, and without the interconnection of space units, the quality of the overall urban environment is declining. Simultaneously, the awareness of people sharing such an environment is being lost. In this paper, we address Tsukishima, Tsukuda, Higashiueno, and Tsukiji areas in the historical city of Edo-Tokyo. investigate the district blocks and the environmental recognition of the residents to clarify how cognitive region coalesces as space. The results of our analysis show that the cognitive region will shift from the area where residents live due to the passage of time. There is some concern that the awareness of sharing in the area is decreasing. Based on survey data conducted in 1996 and 2011· 2012, the area of Tsukishima, Tsukiji, Tsukuda, and Higashiueno from the analysis of the resident's environmental perception to evaluate the change process over time, and it was possible to clarify the spread and change of the composition of environmental recognition of residents in historical urban areas (Downtown).
Study on the Formation of Environmental Recognition of Middle-Rise and High-Rise Housing of Street Wall and Courtyard in Collective Housing in Makuhari Baytown
Authors: Zong Shichun , Ohuchi Hirotomo
Published: August 2020

A metropolitan city is built on the premise of connections between diverse residents and the surrounding environment.This paper aims to grasp existing areas of environmental recognition of residents by examining street walls and courtyards of middle-rise and high-rise housing. The study can be used as a fundamental reference in the planning of middle-rise and high-rise housing.
Geometrical Construction of Auxiliary Axes in an Ellingham Diagram
Authors: Siripongsakul Thamrongsin , Wiman Panya , Saranyachot Phichai , Chandra-Ambhorn Somrerk
Published: August 2020

To facilitate the assessment of the oxide stability in H2-H2O or CO-CO2 atmospheres, auxiliary axes are constructed in the Ellingham diagram. Based on A. Ghosh’s approach, the geometrical interpretation of the diagram is proposed for the reaction 2X + O2 = 2Y, where X and Y could be originated from H2 and H2O or CO and CO2. Two cases are considered when oxygen partial pressures are lower and higher than one bar. By a geometrical method, it is proved that with an appropriate set-up of values relating to the auxiliary axes, the axes representing the ratio between the equilibrium partial pressure of hydrogen and that of water vapour, as well as the ratio between the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon monoxide and that of carbon dioxide, can be constructed. The geometrical method on the construction of axes using thermodynamic derivation is explained in the paper.
Development of the Fuel Briquette Compression Machine for Palm Residue
Authors: Wannapakhe Sakultala
Published: August 2020

The objectives of this research is developed the fuel briquette compression machine and studied the properties of fuel briquette of palm residue from a community palm oil production process in Thailand. The palm residue from a community palm oil production process had a palm meat and a mixed fiber. It was a material for testing. The fuel briquette has the standard shape. Because palm meat and fiber are tough to make fuel therefore the design and building of fuel briquette compression machine were hydraulic system. The fuel briquette compression machine was developed to be easy to use and increase production rate of fuel briquette. The fuel briquette compression machine from palm residue was divided of 3 Hp motor, hydraulic pump, cylinder, and forming mold set. The ratios of ingredients for testing of fuel briquette extrusion (palm residue : water : cassava starch) were 1:1:1, 2:1:1, 3:1.5:1, and 4:1.5:1 kg. The experimental pressures were 108, 147 and 196 N/cm2. From the result, it was found that the production rate of fuel briquette was higher than S. Wannapakhe (2018)’s. The properties of fuel briquette were passed the standard except the property of density value that was near the standard. The highest of production rate by using pressure, was 20 kg/cm2 at the ratio of ingredients of 4:1.5:1 kg.
Development of Barkhausen Noise Measuring System for Evaluating Steel Properties: Hardness
Authors: Khongpreechar Jadsalid , Primee Sai Yan , Canyook Rungsinee , Seemuang Nopparat
Published: August 2020

Barkhausen noise (BHN) is a technique that can be used to evaluate properties of ferromagnetic materials; case depth, coating depth, residual stress, grinding burnt damage, and hardness of a metallic material. The commercial BHN measuring devices commonly used are relatively expensive. Therefore, the steel industries in Thailand hardly use in their production process. A cost-effective measuring system based on BHN was developed in this research. The developed machine was tested by measuring the hardness of different steels. The hardness measured by the developed BHN system was validated with the hardness measured by the Vickers hardness test. It can be concluded that this proposed measuring machine can estimate the hardness of steels with accuracy of 96.76 percent on average (in hardness rage of 150 – 800 HV). This development can also be applied to measure other properties if the appropriate operating parameters of the machine are changed and calibrated with reliable standards.
Effect of Natural Rubber Compound (NRC)/ Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Coating on Abrasion and Hardness, Adhesive and Shear Properties for Pavement Surface
Authors: Phuthotham Matuphum , Techawinyutham Laongdaw , Dangtungee Rapeephun
Published: August 2020

The efficiency of the modify natural rubber (NR) combination with methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer for pavement surface was studied. The modified coating for pavement surface consisted of MMA resin and natural rubber compound (NRC) at the weight ratio of 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 30:70, respectively. The effect of rubber in MMA was studied in terms of hardness (shore A and pencil tests), adhesive, abrasion and shear strength. The results showed that hardness (shore A) and adhesion of the compound coating slightly decreased with addition of NRC. Abrasion, hardness pencil tests and shear strength notably reduced as decreasing MMA and increasing NRC concentration. The most optimum sample satisfing the pavement surface standard is M7N3 consisting of MMA:NRC of 70:30.
Eco-Friendly Composites Derived from Natural Rubber and Wasted Materials
Authors: Loonpun Chonpicha , Chaikittiratana Arisara , Suripa Utid , Tohsan Atitaya
Published: August 2020

The fillers from agriculture and industrial wastes filled natural rubber (NR) have been prepared to clarify their properties and develop to be the eco-friendly composites. This research aims to study the composites namely rice husk ash (RHA)/NR, clay/NR and crumb rubber/NR composites on the curing characteristics, mechanical and morphological properties. The results indicated that depending on a chemical composition of fillers, the properties of the composites are varied. For clay/NR composite, the occurrence of vulcanization was delayed comparing to the others. In term of mechanical properties, crumb/NR composite shows a toughest characteristic, for examples, it has the highest tensile strength, elongation at break and tear resistance, whereas hysteresis loss was found to be lowest among the composites. The toughness of crumb/NR composite can be influenced by a better interfacial interaction between filler and matrix comparing to the others as revealed by SEM. The clay/NR composite, on the other hand, has the highest hardness among the composites due to the hardness of clay itself and its uniformity of particle size. In the case of RHA/NR composite, from morphological observation by SEM shows that RHA particles have very poor dispersion in NR matrix which resulted in poor mechanical properties. However, the presence of RHA agglomerates was found to be beneficial for loading a high stress under a small deformation, for example, at 25% elongation. Therefore, these three difference composites from wasted materials were found to have unique characteristics which can be chosen and applied for some specific applications.
Microstructure, Hardness, Adhesion and Corrosion Properties of Ti and TiN Films on Stainless Steel 316L
Authors: Wathanyu Kessaraporn , Tuchinda Karuna , Daopiset Siriporn , Sirivisoot Sirinrath , Surinphong Surasak
Published: August 2020

Ti-based coating has been used for biomaterials to improve biocompatibility, mechanical and corrosion properties. Each coating shows unique performance depending on a variety of factors such as coating microstructure and properties as well as in-service conditions. In this study, the microstructure, surface topography, hardness, adhesion and corrosion properties of Ti and TiN films on stainless steel 316L coated by cathodic arc physical vapor deposition process (PVD) were studied. The results showed that the surface roughness of 316L increased after being coated with Ti and TiN film as evidenced by the numerous particles and voids observed on the surface of both films. The hardness of 316L coated with Ti and TiN was increased by approximately 50% and 85%, respectively. Ti and TiN coated samples showed good adhesion strength with the first critical load (LC1) of approximately 10N and 15N, respectively. However, the types of film failure for Ti and TiN were found to be different. Partial delamination with a high degree of plastic deformation was observed for Ti coating, whereas surface cracks were found for TiN coating. This finding is likely attributable to the difference in flow resistance and the amount of particles and voids observed. All samples showed a stable passive region during 7 days of immersion in Ringer’s solution. Ti film showed better corrosion resistance than TiN, which may have been caused by the effect of more voids on TiN surfaces formed by PVD coating.
Investigation of Welding Speed Parameters on Ni-Base Superalloy by Laser Welding Process
Authors: Rojhirunsakool Tanaporn , Sirivedin Kumpanat
Published: August 2020

Nickel-base superalloys are used as a land-base turbine engine due to its excellent properties at elevated temperatures. Nickel base superalloy, grade IN-738. Laser welding is commonly chosen for the refurbishment of the turbine blade. This paper aims to focus on understanding welding speed parameters in laser welding method. With constant power at 400 watts, welding speeds were varied from 1, 3, 5, and 8 mm/s. All of these alloys have no cracks found in fusion zone, HAZ, and bulk area. Increasing welding speed results in less heat energy input, reduces the penetration depth and weld pool area. The 1mm/s, which were subjected to the highest heat energy input, results in very small size of the γ’ precipitates in the fusion zone due to re-precipitation of the γ’ precipitates during the solidification process. The fusion zone also exhibits the highest hardness. The size of the γ’ precipitates in HAZ area are much larger, compared to the fusion zone The bulk areas have no effect from the heat and showed much larger size of the γ’ precipitates, which was caused by microstructural degradation during service, leads to the lowest hardness value among the three zones.
Experimental Investigation of Steel Confinement of Clustered Large-Size Stud Shear Connector in Full-Depth Precast Bridge Deck Panel
Authors: Sriboonma Krissachai , Pornpeerakeat Sacharuck
Published: August 2020

The research focuses on investigating different types of steel confinements around a clustered large-size stud shear connector using in full-depth precast concrete bridge deck panel. The tests were based on Push-off test of two main groups of specimens: (1) the specimens with 4-stud shear connector where three different types of confinement were adopted including of O-ring confinement, Wire-mesh confinement, and L-angle confinement), and (2) the specimens with 8-stud shear connector where two different types of confinement were investigated including of Plate-ring confinement and L-angle confinement. The test results concluded that L-angle confinement type of the group of specimens with 4-Stud is the most sufficient type comparing between the different types of confinement in the same group. The maximum resistance was found at 41-ton, while as the displacement was found to be the most expansible and gradually reduced until the failure point. This means that the sign of failure can be noticeable prior to a collapse of the structure. For the group of specimens with 8-Stud, the resistance of this group was higher than the group of specimens with 4-Stud about 50 - 100% increase depending on each type of confinement. The maximum resistance was found for Plate-ring confinement type at 70-ton, which was agreed with the increment of the displacement about 20 - 50%. In comparison between specimens with 8-Stud, the Plate-ring confinement showed greater resistance and more relative displacement about 15% than the L-angle confinement.
Response Surface Optimization of Graphene Oxide-Reinforced Dual-Crosslinked Alginate/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel Beads for Methylene Blue Adsorption
Authors: Celebre Miguel Lawrence Keith S.J. , Dalida Maria Lourdes P. , Perez Jem Valerie D.
Published: August 2020

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal blend of alginate (ALG), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO), as well as glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking solution concentration for the synthesis of dual-crosslinked ALG/PVA/GO nanocomposite hydrogel adsorbent beads for methylene blue (MB) removal. Statistical analyses show that PVA concentration contributes the largest effect to the adsorption capacity response, attributed to improved accessibility of MB molecules to adsorption sites. The optimal blend was determined to be 3% polymer with 50% PVA, 383.8384 ppm GO, crosslinked in 1% CaCl2 and 5% GA. These results were validated, and the experimental value of the adsorption capacity deviated by only 1.702% from the RSM model prediction, suggesting good model predictability. Adsorption isotherm models were tested to provide a description of the adsorption process. The Sips isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption over heterogeneous surface with action of cooperative adsorbate-adsorbate interactions, was the best fit to the experimental equilibrium data, with an R2 of 0.9782. Furthermore, the ALG/PVA/GO beads demonstrated a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 1081.62 mg/g, showing superior performance compared to known biosorbents of MB.
A Novel Cochlioquinone Derivative, CoB1, Regulates Autophagy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection through the PAK1/Akt1/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhu Pengcheng , Bu Huimin , Tan Shirui , Liu Jinjuan , Yuan Bo , Dong Guokai , Wang Meng , Jiang Yuji , Zhu Hong , Li Hui , Li Zhenjun , Jiang Jihong , Wu Min , Li Rongpeng
Published: August 2020

Owing to multiple antibiotic resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes the most intractable infections to human beings worldwide, thus exploring novel drugs to defend against this bacterium remains of great importance. In this study, we purified a novel cochlioquinone B derivative (CoB1) from Salvia miltiorrhiza endophytic Bipolaris sorokiniana and reveal its role in host defense against P. aeruginosa infection by activating cytoprotective autophagy in alveolar macrophages (AMs) both in vivo and in vitro. Using a P. aeruginosa infection model, we observed that CoB1-treated mice manifest weakened lung injury, reduced bacterial systemic dissemination, decreased mortality, and dampened inflammatory responses, compared with the wild type littermates. We demonstrate that CoB1-induced autophagy in mouse AMs is associated with decreased PAK1 expression via the ubiquitination-mediated degradation pathway. The inhibition of PAK1 decreases the phosphorylation level of Akt, blocks the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and promotes the release of ULK1/2–Atg13–FIP200 complex from mTOR to initiate autophagosome formation, resulting in increased bacterial clearance capacity. Together, our results provide a molecular basis for the use of CoB1 to regulate host immune responses against P. aeruginosa infection and indicate that CoB1 is a potential option for the treatment of infection diseases.
Portfolio Selection and Performance Evaluation Through Benjamin Graham’s Value Investing
Authors: Srivastava Vinay Kumar , Kulshrestha Nitin
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The objective of this study is to validate the value investing concerning filtering valued stock in the Indian stock market (Nifty 50) & United States (Dow Jones) during the period 2014 -20.

Design /Methodologies/Approach:  We have selected the data of the National Stock Exchange and Dow Jones to apply the value investing technique for choosing the stocks and building a significant portfolio. Further, we compare the mean returns of B & H passive strategy. The empirical analysis includes the selected portfolio from Jan 2014 to May 2020.

Results & Practical Implication: The mean return of portfolio selected by Value investing outperform as comparative to passive strategy, i.e. Buy & Hold strategy. The successful application of value investing will encourage the practitioners & academicians of financial markets to research & explore further uses & practical impact of the present study.

JEL Classification Codes: F37.
MAMOPLASTIA DE AUMENTO: ABORDAJE FISIOTERAPÉUTICO
Authors: Fernández-Palma Claudia
Published: August 2020

En la actualidad, el número de cirugías estéticas realizadas en el país sigue en aumento, específicamente aquellas que van encaminadas en el mejoramiento de la apariencia de los senos por su relación con la belleza en la cultura latina; cada vez este tipo de intervención se está llevando a cabo en personas de edades tempranas, casi cercanas a la adolescencia. El objetivo de esta investigación es dar a conocer la importancia del abordaje e intervención fisioterapéutica, partiendo de las principales complicaciones generadas por la realización de la cirugía estética de mamoplastia de aumento en la fase postoperatoria, siendo en este caso la contractura capsular. Para ello se llevó a cabo la revisión de diversos artículos científicos de carácter internacional y de diferentes bases de datos con el fin de cumplir el objetivo propuesto en la investigación. Asimismo, se denotó que mientras más temprana sea la intervención por parte del fisioterapeuta a través del drenaje linfático manual, la aplicación de ultrasonido y la inducción miofascial, existen mayores posibilidades de reducir las complicaciones relacionadas con la cirugía estética e incorporación del paciente a sus actividades cotidianas.
Palabras clave: Cirugía plástica, mamoplastia de aumento, fisioterapia dermatofuncional, contractura capsular, intervención fisioterapéutica.
Hidronefrosis congénita en paciente pediátrico: valoración por imágenes de un caso clínico
Authors: Mosquera-Pinargote Everling
Published: August 2020

Entre las anomalías renales que afectan al feto y al recién nacido, la hidronefrosis es la más frecuente, muy por delante de otras como las agenesias, displasias o lesiones tumorales renales. Esta anomalía se caracteriza por la presencia de una dilatación del sistema colector renal que en función del diámetro anteroposterior de la pelvis renal, medido por ecografía, se considera que es normal cuando se encuentra por debajo de 7 mm. En la actualidad la mayoría de los diagnósticos de hidronefrosis se realizan durante el período antenatal y gracias a esto se han producido numerosos avances en el conocimiento de las malformaciones congénitas del feto, debido principalmente al diagnóstico y al diseño de mejores estrategias de manejo de la madre gestante y al tratamiento precoz en la vida postnatal de esos fetos. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 7 años de edad que acude a centro ecográfico con orden para ultrasonografía renoureteral vesical, por motivo de control de patología renal, con antecedentes de hidronefrosis detectada en etapa prenatal y complicaciones detectadas en la actualidad. La ecografía es el estudio de elección principal para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de una hidronefrosis congénita, sin embargo, la ecografía simple no aporta datos de la función renal. El desarrollo y generalización del uso de los ultrasonidos coincidió en el tiempo con el desarrollo de otras técnicas de diagnóstico por imagen, que permiten al urólogo realizar un seguimiento más exacto de las decisiones terapéuticas que debe tomar.

Palabras clave: Hidronefrosis congénita, diagnóstico prenatal, ultrasonido.
Hallazgos imagenológicos del carcinoma escamocelular de lengua: estudio de caso
Authors: Andrade-Bravo Galo Javier
Published: August 2020

El carcinoma epidermoide se encuentra entre las neoplasias más frecuentes, de manera que ocupa el lugar 12. Etiológicamente, se encuentra asociado con factores como el tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol, virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y sífilis. Además, el aporte de herramientas como la tomografía o resonancia magnética en el diagnóstico de enfermedades permite la detección de tumores malignos en etapas oportunas. En este trabajo, se presenta el diagnóstico y le evolución de un carcinoma epidermoide en un paciente de 47 años, con hábito de consumo de alcohol y tabaco. La resonancia magnética y la tomografía computarizada permitieron al médico emitir un diagnóstico de cáncer de lengua, cuya lesión ocupante, de dimensiones 86x71x48 mm, se extendió alrededor de un 20%. Palabras clave: carcinoma epidermoide, diagnóstico, tomografía, resonancia magnética.
Enfoques de lectoescritura presentes en la práctica pedagógica en dos estudios de casos en Córdoba
Authors: Saleme Negrete Yadith , Flórez Polo Fredi
Published: August 2020

Esta investigación se centró en el tipo de prácticas pedagógicas que emplean los docentes para desarrollar las competencias lectoescritoras de los Caso 1- municipio de Ciénaga de Oro y Caso 2 municipio de Momil –Córdoba, Colombia. La estructuración teórica da cuenta de las políticas educativas adoptadas en Colombia por más de 6 décadas, y cómo estas directrices modelaron las prácticas pedagógicas. En cuanto al paradigma de investigación, éste es de carácter cualitativo. Como método se contempló el estudio de caso. Y entre las técnicas se contempló: el cuestionario, entrevista en profundidad, el grupo de discusión y análisis de contenido. Y se concluye que no se evidencia en la mayoría de los docentes de ambos casos, una apropiación teórica y epistemológica de los enfoques de lectoescritura. Aunque la pruebas Saber 3º, se ubica en el modelo por competencias, tanto en el Caso 1 como en el Caso 2, los modelos pedagógicos y las planeaciones tienden hacia el social cognitivo, constructivismo y aprendizaje significativo. Finalmente, de esta investigación emergieron dos nuevas categorías: el compromiso docente y la afectividad.
To Study the Correlation Between the Height & the Quadruple Semitendinosus Graft Diameters
Authors: Dr. Nitin Bhalerao
Published: August 2020

Background: Diameter of hamstring graft is variable. Premature tendon amputation occurs because of inability to identify and release all accessory bands. Preoperative prediction of hamstring graft size, number and distance of accessory bands is useful for surgeon. Methodology: This is cross-sectional study included 60 patients. Correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) was used. T-test was used to compare the variables in both genders. Result: There were correlations between the mean semitendinosus tendon diameters- femoral side (FD) and tibial side (TB) with height of patient (Pearson correlation for FD =0.442 and P< 0.001) (Pearson correlation for TD =0.663 and P< 0.001). For the semitendinosus tendons, the mean number of accessory bands was 1.48. The average distance of the most distal band (D1) to the tibial crest insertion was 6.7 ± 2.04 cm (range 3- 11 cm). In our study, distance of most proximal band to the tibial crest insertion was 11.5 cm (mean 8.5 cm). Conclusion: In our study, positive correlation between the height and the quadruple semitendinosus graft diameters was present. Semitendinosus graft diameters were more in males as compare to females. Third accessory band was present only in males (n=4) in our study. As height of patient increases, distance of distal band (D1) increases from tibial crest. There was inverse correlation between number of accessory bands and distance of the most distal band (D1) insertion. As number of bands less, the more is distance of proximal band from tibial crest.
A Study On Determinants Of Obesity In Children Between 5-15 years of Age
Authors: Dr. Prasad Bijaspur  , Dr. Sharad Agarkhedkar  , Dr. Geeta Karambelkar
Published: August 2020

Background: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health issue. The prevalence of obesity is increasing both in developing and in developed countries. The global prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 5 -17 years is 10%, In India it is 22% among children between 5 to 19 years. The key causes of childhood obesity are unhealthy dietary habits and reduced physical activity. The adoption to sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy dietary habits increases the risk of overweight/obesity and non communicable diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome like dyslipidemia, cardiovascular risks stroke and hypertension. Objective: To assess the  BMI, various factor influencing BMI and to correlate these factors  in children between 5 to 15 years age  irrespective of sex and ethnicity. Methodology: Study included 648 healthy children after fulfilling inclusion criteria ,there socio-demographic information, diet history, history regarding daily physical activity, sedentary behaviour, time spent for recreational activities was taken and there height, weight was recorded and BMI was calculated . By using standardized IAP GROWTH CHARTS children were categorised as underweight, normal, overweight/ obese. Result: Prevalence of overweight was 14% and obesity was 7.3% in children between 5 to 15 years of age. Conclusion: Adolescent age ,children belonging to upper and upper middle socioeconomic status, family history of non-communicable diseases, Calorie intake more than RDA for age, Protein consumption less than RDA for age, consumption of mix  diet (veg + non veg), less consumption of a balanced diet, lack of physical activity were associated with overweight and obesity.