bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doege–Potter-szindróma a mellhártya óriás malignus szoliter fibrosus tumorával
Authors: Kas József , Csekeő Attila , Fehér Csaba , Vágvölgyi Attila , Grmela Gábor , Varga Judit , Rozgonyi Zsolt , Soltész Ibolya , Fillinger János , Pápai Zsuzsanna , Lahm Erika , Vadász Pál
Published: January 2018

Abstract:

Infrequent solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura are associated with hypoglycaemia only in a few percent of the cases; this condition is called Doege–Potter syndrome, named after its first descriptors. Our 63 years old male patient has previously undergone clinical treatment for intrathoracic fluid accumulation on the left side caused by a giant tumour-like mass in the lower left lobe detected by CT scan. In the course of further investigations performed due to increasing load-induced dyspnoea, lung core biopsy verified low grade sarcoma in the tumour. Tumour board suggested surgery. The patient was transferred from the intensive care unit into the operation theater due to increasing dyspnoea and repeated hypoglycaemic periods in rapidly worsening general condition. Pneumonectomy and removal of the tumour was performed on the left side. Histology showed solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura corresponding to Doege–Potter syndrome. The patient was discharged without complications and underwent adjuvant chemotherapy due to pleural dissemination of the tumour observed intraoperatively. One year after surgery the patient underwent surgical removal of a locally recurrent tumour. In spite of repeated chemotherapy local and multiplex contralateral pulmonary progression was observed. Three-year survival was noted from the time of the first surgery. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(41): 149–153.
Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Ditinjau dari Kreativitas dan Kecerdasan Emosional
Authors: Khoirunisa Liza , Hartati Leny
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) pengaruh kreativitas dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika; 2) pengaruh kreativitas terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika; 3) pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei korelasional dengan teknik analisis data yaitu korelasi dan regresi ganda. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 136 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 58 siswa dengan teknik pengambilan simpel random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrumen angket, untuk mengukur kreativitas dan kecerdasan emosional serta instrumen tes untuk mengukur kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan, yaitu : pertama, terdapat pengaruh signifikan kreativitas dan kecerdasan emosional secara bersama-sama terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika; kedua, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kreativitas terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika; ketiga, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kecerdasan emosional terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika.
Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa SMP kelas VII dalam Penyelesaian Masalah Statistika
Authors: Effendi Kiki Nia , Farlina Ehda
Published: January 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa kelas VII SMP dalam penyelesaian masalah statistika. Pada penelitian ini kompetensi dasar pengetahuan yang digunakan adalah memahami teknik penataan data dari dua variabel menggunakan tabel, grafik batang, garis dan diagram lingkaran. Selanjutnya, kompetensi dasar keterampilan yang digunakan yaitu mengumpulkan, mengolah, menginterpretasi, dan menyajikan data hasil pengamatan dalam bentuk tabel, diagram, dan grafik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui pemberian tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif bentuk uraian yang sebelumnya dilakukan validasi dari tes yang akan digunakan pada penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan nilai hasil tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa 26,7% pada kategori tinggi, 63,3% pada kategori sedang dan 10% pada kategori rendah
Analisis Perbandingan Penalaran Kreatif Soal Ujian Nasional Matematika Tahun 2016 Tingkat Sekolah Lanjutan Atas
Authors: Haqi Rozadira , Susilawati Wati , Juariah Juariah
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan penalaran kreatif berdasarkan kerangka kerja penalaran Johan Lithner dalam soal Ujian Nasional Matematika SMA/MA jurusan MIPA Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016, implementasinya terhadap siswa kelas 11 MIPA MAN 2 Bandung dan SMAN 26 Bandung, serta kendala dan hambatan guru dan siswa dalam menghadapi soal penalaran kreatif. Data yang diperoleh berasal dari instrumen tes dan nontes. Berdasarkan hasil  penelitian diperoleh: Soal Ujian Nasional Matematika SMA/MA jurusan MIPA Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016 mengandung sebagian kecil soal penalaran  kreatif;  Kemampuan penalaran  kreatif  siswa kelas 11 MIPA MAN 2 Bandung dan SMAN 26 Bandung  masih kurang;  Kendala  utama guru dalam memberikan  pembelajaran dengan menggunakan soal penalaran kreatif adalah kurangnya waktu untuk memenuhi materi yang harus dikuasai siswa; Kendala utama siswa dalam mengerjakan soal penalaran kreatif adalah kurangnya kepercayaan diri mereka dalam mengerjakan soal
Rady, które wspierają biskupa diecezjalnego
Authors: Iwańczak Stanisław
Published: January 2018

Jeśli chodzi o wewnętrzną organizację Kościołów partykularnych, aktualny KPK wymienia kilka organów kolegialnych, które pomagają w zarządzaniu diecezją (kan. 460–514). Celem niniejszego opracowania nie jest analiza wszystkich pomocniczych organów kolegialnych podanych przez kodeks, ale jedynie tych, które są radami – radami wspierającymi biskupa diecezjalnego. Należą do nich: rada do spraw ekonomicznych, rada biskupia, rada kapłańska, rada misji i kolegium konsultorów, rada duszpasterska – wszystkie wspomagają biskupa przede wszystkim w posłudze duszpasterskiej, a także w zarządzaniu dobrami duchowymi i doczesnymi diecezji. Biskup diecezjalny obok tych „kanonicznych” rad może również ustanowić w swojej diecezji inne, których nie ma w kodeksie, na przykład: radę dziekańską, radę zakonną, radę do spraw młodzieży, radę katechetyczną itp. Wszystkie one są organami doradczymi biskupa. Ich propozycje, porady czy opinie powinny wspierać biskupa diecezjalnego i pomagać mu w prawidłowym zarządzaniu jego diecezją.
Chrzestni, świadkowie bierzmowania i świadkowie zawarcia małżeństwa. Pespektywa ekumeniczna
Authors: Majer Piotr
Published: January 2018

Artykuł zawiera analizę dawnych i obowiązujących przepisów prawa kanonicznego na temat możliwości pełnienia przez niekatolików funkcji chrzestnych, świadków bierzmowania i świadków przy zawarciu małżeństwa. Obowiązujące dziś przepisy znacznie odbiegają od surowości dawnego prawa, które przyjmowało za regułę, iż powyższe funkcje w Kościele katolickim winni pełnić katolicy, co więcej – nie wolno im było podejmować analogicznych zadań w innych Kościołach czy Wspólnotach chrześcijańskich. Wyjątki od tej reguły były dopuszczane stosunkowo rzadko – zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do chrzestnych – i musiały być dobrze uzasadnione. Dzisiejsza regulacja zachowuje ogólną regułę, ale możliwość zastosowania wyjątków jest dość szeroka i zawarta w przepisach prawa, tak iż nie trzeba odnosić się do przełożonego kościelnego w poszczególnych przypadkach. Takie złagodzenie dyscypliny wynika zarówno z przesłanek ekumenicznych, jak i z pragnienia przezwyciężenia praktycznych problemów, zwłaszcza w przypadku małżeństw mieszanych.
METHODS OF ESTIMATION AND THE ROLE OF RESPIRATORY BURST IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
Authors: Savchenko A. A. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Borisov A. G.
Published: January 2018

According to the modern concepts the respiratory burst directly related to the processes of phagocytosis characterizes the functional activity of phagocytic cells. This review presents modern methods for assessing the respiratory burst state of phagocytes based on cytofluorometric and chemiluminescent analysis. The sequence and mechanisms of the reactions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in the process of respiratory cell burst are presented in detail. The sequence of synthesis from ROS with low bactericidal activity to ROS with high bactericidal activity is characterized. The review describes in detail the most popular dyes for cytofluorometric analysis to assess the levels of ROS synthesis. Characteristics and examples of the use of such dyes as dihydroethidine, dichlorodihydrofluorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 are given. The main stages and mechanisms of the chemiluminescence reaction are presented. The features of the use of the main indicators (luminol and lucigenin) of the chemiluminescence reaction are described. A mechanism for estimating the parameters of the chemiluminescence reaction characterizing the features of the state and kinetics of the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells is given. The separate section of the review is devoted to the role of a respiratory burst in phagocytic cells in various immunopathological states. Data on the pathogenetic significance of changes in the intensity and kinetics of respiratory burst of phagocytes in infectious, inflammatory and oncological diseases were presented. Examples of new methods for diagnosing and predicting the course of the immunopathological states characters are presented on the basis of an assessment of the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells. The literature data show that at present, in the diagnosis and evaluation of the nature of the diseases characters the state of a respiratory burst is evaluated in various types of cells of innate immunity: neutrophils, monocytes, etc. It is concluded that the evaluation of the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells can be characterized as the fundamental mechanisms of reacting cells of innate immunity to pathogenic and regulatory effects, so to develop new highly sensitive methods for diagnosing and predicting the development and outcome of various immunopathological conditions. The presented methods of flow cytometry and chemiluminescence analysis make it possible to determine both the integral state of the respiratory explosion, and the levels and kinetic parameters of the synthesis of individual ROS.
FEATURES OF THE MICROBIOME OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Authors: Shabaldin A. V. , Shabaldina E. V. , Simbirtsev A. S.
Published: January 2018

Studies of the metagenome of the upper respiratory tract in children showed the presence of five major bacterial phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria. Were revealed population differences in the distribution of weights of the above listed phyla, but subject to the dominance of the Firmicutes. Proved the role of environmental factors and time of year for representation in these biotopes of the phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes. Recurrent respiratory infections, hypertrophy of the tonsils of the lymphoid pharyngeal ring, secretory middle ear infections in children is associated with carriage of Haemophilus (H.) parainfluenzae, H. paraphrohaemolyticus, Gemella (G.) haemolysans, G. morbillorum, G. sanguinis, Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae, S. pseudopneumoniae, S. intermedius, S. agalactiae.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF INTESTINE MICROBIOME OF REPUBLIC OF GUINEA AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION RESIDENTS
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Kaftyreva L. A. , Suzhaeva L. V. , Voitenkova E. V. , Zabrovskaia A. V. , Egorova S. A. , Makarova M. A. , Matveeva Z. N. , Zueva E. V. , Porin A. A. , Boiro M. Y. , Konstantinov O. K. , Totolian A. A.
Published: January 2018

The gut microbiota of healthy people, living in different regions, may vary considerably. The article presents the results of comparative qualitative and quantitative study of the intestine aerobic and anaerobic microbiota of residents of the Republic of Guinea (46) and Russia (60). The content of microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Candida spp., non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria and others) in 1.0 gram of faeces was determined by bacteriological methods. Generic and species identification was performed using Vitek 2 Compact (bioMerieux, France), tube biochemical tests and MALDI-TОF mass spectrometry (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Pearson χ2 criterion, p 0.05 and Fisher’s exact test (medstatistica.ru) were used to assess the differences in the compared groups. 95% confidence intervals were calculated by the method of Wilson. Microbiological disorders were characterized by a decrease in the number of obligate microorganisms, an increase in the number of facultative (opportunistic) microorganisms (above 106 CFU/g) and the emergence of their associations. Dysbiotic disorders were identified in both compared groups: in 100% patients from Republic of Guinea (95% CI:92.3–100) and in 86.7% patients from St. Petersburg (95% CI:75.8–93.1). Severe degree of microbiota disorders in the residents of the Republic of Guinea was revealed at 19.6% (95% CI:10.7–33.2), in group of residents of St. Petersburg in 9.6% (95% CI:4.2–20.6). In both groups the microbiota disorders of third degree were detected less frequently, compared with the microbiota disorders of second degree. The study has found no significant differences in the content of obligate bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.), however, significant differences in the species composition of the facultative part of the microbiota were revealed. The residents of the Republic of Guinea had “atypical” E. coli (lactosonegative and hemolytic) and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria Comamonas kerstersii more frequently. Opportunistic microorganism associations have been found in 30.4% of the residents of the Republic of Guinea (95% CI:19.1–44.8) and 18.3% of residents of St. Petersburg (95% CI:10.6–29.9). Opportunistic microorganism associations from the residents of the Republic of Guinea always contained Staphylococcus aureus. It is necessary to conduct further research on a bigger population to access the differences in the compared groups in Staphylococcus aureus and Hafnia alvei.
THE STUDY OF INFLUENZA VIRUS NEURAMINIDASE HYDRATION DEGREE
Authors: Grebenkina N. S. , Kontarov N. A. , Yuminova N. V.
Published: January 2018

It is known that the functioning of many proteins and enzymes depends on the degree of hydration of their surfaces. In our studies, neuraminidase (NA) of influenza virus was selected as a model for surface antigenic viral protein. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model of adsorption was used to calculate the values of water monolayer (am) at different values of water vapor pressure. The obtained BET isotherms allow for concluding that hysteresis takes place manifested by the difference between the monolayer am values for sorption and desorption of water from the surface of the enzyme, which is probably associated with a high degree of cooperation of the hydration shell formed. The maximum binding of water molecules was observed for the vapor pressure p/ps value of 0.65 and was am = 224 water molecules per a molecule of the enzyme. Basing on the calculated surface area of a NA tetramer (S = 256 nm2 ) and the maximum projection area of water molecule, it may be concluded that the entire surface of the enzyme is completely covered with a water monolayer. For said am value the maximum activity of NA was observed, whereas the minimum enzyme activity corresponded to the am value of 98 water molecules per a molecule of the enzyme, which corresponded to the water vapor pressure p/pS value of 0.38. Thus, for the influenza virus NA protein a dependency of the enzymatic activity on the degree of hydration of the surface of the enzyme is demonstrated. The dependence of immunogenicity of influenza virus from the extent of hydration of NA.
Predicting required time for stabilising Norwegian quick clays by potassium chloride
Authors: Helle Tonje Eide , Aagaard Per
Published: January 2018

Salt wells filled with potassium chloride (KCl) were installed in a highly sensitive, low-salinity, glaciomarine quick clay at Dragvoll, Trondheim, Norway, to investigate the improvement in geotechnical properties and the required time to stabilise the clay volume sufficiently to inhibit retrogressive landslide development. Improving the remoulded shear strength (c ur) beyond 1 kPa reduces the risk for successive back-scarp failures. When more than 20% of the cations in the pore water consist of potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+) and calcium (Ca2+) ions, c ur is improved beyond 1 kPa. Optimisation of the well grid is necessary prior to installation to ensure that c ur > 1 kPa within 2–3 years. PHREEQC simulations predicted a diameter of stabilised clay of minimum 1·5 m within 3·3 years after installation, which fits reasonably with observed pore-water compositions and improved geotechnical properties in situ. Salt wells may be used as landslide mitigation, preventing backward successive, retrogressive development, and PHREEQC can be used to give a rough estimate of the required time to stabilise the quick-clay volume around the wells.
Briefing: Efficiency of stone-column groups installed in very soft clays
Authors: Pugh Richard Stewart
Published: January 2018

Field measurements from stone-column groups installed in very soft clays show that there is a direct relationship between the stress split between columns and soil and the column spacing/diameter ratio, with the proportion of stress carried by the columns decreasing with decreasing spacing/diameter ratio. This results in the settlement reduction achieved in practice falling increasingly short of theoretical predictions with increasing stone replacement. Comparison of the theoretical variation in column efficiency with stone replacement with that achieved in practice enables the effect of column installation to be quantified, demonstrating that the efficiency of stone columns in very soft clays, and thus the amount of settlement reduction achieved, is primarily dependent on the amount of installation-induced soil disturbance. Theoretical methods are therefore inappropriate for predicting settlement reduction and a practical upper-bound settlement reduction/stone replacement relationship is proposed for design purposes. Corresponding creep reduction factors, to be used in conjunction with the proposed primary settlement reductions, are presented, suggesting that stone columns are unlikely to be effective in soils for which creep is the major component of settlement.
«VICTIM OF ABORTION»: ATTITUDE TOWARDS CHILDBIRTH AND ABORTION DURING THE FIRST YEARS OF SOVIET POWER
Authors: Kobozeva Z. M. , Skachkova U. O.
Published: January 2018

The article analyses the issue of abortion during the new Soviet ethics. The childbirth and abortion are the two phenomena through which the womens daily life is shown during the challenging post-revolutionary period. The evolution of the authorities attitude towards womans private world is revealed. The deformation of gender roles during the epoch of social and political transformations by new ideology, economical realities, changes of social space of everyday life is demonstrated. The emancipation of a woman appeared to be a field of tactics and strategies of day-by-day living which demanded from woman skills of adaptation to the new life roles in actively developed socialistic project.
REFORM OF GENERAL EDUCATION OF ADULTS IN THE RSFSR IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 1930-ies: REGIONAL ASPECT
Authors: Chernysheva I. I.
Published: January 2018

The article analyzes the formation of the general adult education system in the Urals in the context of the all-Russian modernization process. The focus is on structural and organizational aspects of general adult education system reforming mainly in the years of 1936 and 1937, it is the period when government was searching for a new structure of general education system, while keeping the struggle for the eradication of illiteracy. Analysis of documents of regional archives revealed local peculiarities of the process in the region. The author characterized the conditions that influenced the formation of the structure and system of adult education. Among them, the author for the first time observes the role of famine and food difficulties which resulted in the dropping out of working pupils and the closing of schools for adults. The author concludes that the struggle for the eradication of illiteracy has reached a new level, significant results have been achieved.
AUTOCHTHONOUS SERVICE POPULATION OF KAZAN REGION IN THE SOUTHERN MIDDLE VOLGA IN THE MIDDLE OF XVII – EARLY XVIII CENTURY: MIGRATION AND RESETTLEMENT
Authors: Dubman E. L. , Natarov A. I.
Published: January 2018

The article deals with the formation and resettlement of the autochthonous serving population of the Kazan Region in the Southern Middle Volga region during the initial mass colonization of its territory. An analysis of published and archival sources made it possible to clarify the specifics of the dislocation of these categories of the serving population. On the example of the border Simbirsk district, the features of migration and demographic processes were shown, the main stages of the folding of the area of permanent settlement in the middle of the XVII - the beginning of the XVIII century were outlined. The conclusion was made that various ethnoconfessional groups of military people were approximately in an equal legal position.
METHODS OF SHAPING OF TEMPORAL STUDENT‘S COMPETENCE
Authors: Gorkaya Zh. V. , Gorkiy A. S.
Published: January 2018

The article presents the results of a study of psychological and pedagogical means that affect the formation of temporal competence of students. The interrelation of the process of professionalization and development of the temporal competence of students is substantiated. The influence of proactive principles of selection and application of psychological and pedagogical means of vocational training on the formation and development of the skills of temporal organization and coordination of students activity is shown. The influence of the content and form of the educational process on the formation and development of temporal competence is revealed. The importance of temporal competence as a meta-competence of future professionals is substantiated. Behavioral referents of temporal competence were identified. The relationship between the level of formation of temporal competence and student achievement is established. The influence of pedagogical means on the features of temporal self-organization, coordination and synchronization of social actions is shown.
MONUMENT TO THE GREAT PLAN: THEME OF ELECTRIFICATION IN THE LITERATURE OF THE SOVIET ERA
Authors: Samorukova I. V.
Published: January 2018

The article examines the formation of the soviet narrative canon about energy and electrification in artistic and documentary narratives. The article proves close connection of this story with the Soviet propaganda project and the method of socialist realism. The study identifies the basic thematic and narrative components of the story about energy: the great idea, breakthrough, museification, analyzes the energy canon transformation from the heroics of the 1930-ies to the romance of the 60-80-ies.
ROLE OF GUBERNATORIAL OFFICE IN THE SYSTEM OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD
Authors: Ospanova A. A.
Published: January 2018

In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the role of governor and governor-general chancelleries in the local government system in the post-reform period. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of interaction between offices and chief officials in the province. The appointment and functions of governors office are shown and explained. An analysis of circumstances that determined the existing mechanism of power in the provinces of the Russian Empire is given.
Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Appliance
Authors: Pavithra S. , Sri M. Rama , Revathi E. , Aruna J.
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this article is to know more about the rapid maxillary expander. It produces significant changes in the maxillary arch. RME has fundamental effect on the dentofacial structures which results in major change occurring in the basal structures of the maxilla. The concept of maxillary expansion has also been extended to the nasal cavity. Early orthodontic treatment with RME is able to reduce the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. This technique is more suited for younger patients and faster duration of action.
The influence of different substrates on the reproduction traits of Folsomia candida (Collembola) in an insecticide test
Authors: Szabó Borbála , Bakonyi Gábor
Published: January 2018

The standard OECD tests for Folsomia candida should be performed on the standard OECD soil. However, if it is necessary to measure more parameters than the juvenile number and mortality, the use of different substrates is necessary. But these substrates can modify the results of the experiments comparing to the standard OECD soil, resulting in different toxicity values. In our research, we tested the toxicity of an insecticide, Trebon® 10F to F. candida (Collembola). We tested the dose-dependent effect of Trebon® 10F on the egg number and the egg size on the substrates of (i) plaster of Paris mixed with activated charcoal and (ii) in standard OECD soil on two generation of collembolas. Similarly to our previous study, the insecticide had a dose-dependent negative effect on the parent’s egg size in the OECD soil, but on plaster of Paris, no response was found. The egg number did not show any response to the treatments. On the contrary, in the offspring generation, the egg size increased both in OECD and plaster of Paris tests. In the soil test, parent collembolas laid significantly more eggs, while the offspring laid much fewer, compared to the plaster of Paris test. Similar results were found in the case of egg size. In the soil test parent collembolas laid larger, while the offspring laid smaller eggs, compared to the plaster of Paris test. In multigenerational tests (i) Trebon 10F could affect the different generations in the opposite way. The experiment performed on the plaster of Paris (ii) could underestimate toxicity compared to the OECD soil test. This should be taken into account when Ecotoxicologists interpret their data.
Agricultural biotechnology policy review in Africa: A case study of Kenya
Authors: Kivuva Dennis M. , Yegon Collins K. , Ndue Kennedy M.
Published: January 2018

Production of genetically modified crops and animals is still a widely debated topic across the globe. There are a lot of players when it comes to the acceptance and adoption of biotechnology in agriculture for the aim of increased food production, quality addition among other goals. One of the key stake holders are policy makers. Many African countries have developed Agricultural policies which address the research, development, production and regulation of genetically engineered crops and animals. Through these policies, A number of new crops have been developed tested and approved, addressing important traits of particular significance for smallholder farmers in Africa. Since most of these policies are still new, there are issues that face the agricultural biotechnology sector in these countries that making it difficult to achieve the potential. The major problems include misinformation and politicization of core issues relating to biotechnology. However, these issues can be addressed easily with implementation of the guidelines delayed in the policy. Kenya developed and adopted such a comprehensive policy in 2006. However, to date, the full implementation and complete adherence to the document guidelines has not been fully achieved. This paper uses several case studies to review the Agricultural Biotechnology policy in Kenya, evaluating what is outlined in the policy adopted slightly more than a decade ago against what has been achieved so far.
EFEITO DO AUMENTO DA DENSIDADE DE LARVAS DE Spodoptera frugiperda EM MILHO CONVENCIONAL EM CASA DE VEGETAÇÃO
Authors: HELLWIG LETÍCIA , GRUTZMACHER ANDERSON DIONEI , SANTOS PATRÍCIA MARQUES DOS , TRECHA CALISC DE OLIVEIRA , MEDINA LAUREN BITTENCOURT , BERTO ROBERTA MANICA , AFONSO DA ROSA ANA PAULA SCHNEID
Published: January 2018

RESUMO - A produção de milho tem sofrido grandes avanços, propiciando aumento de produtividade, no entanto, esta é diretamente afetada pelo ataque de insetos desde o plantio até a sua utilização. Neste contexto, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) é considerada o principal inseto-praga. Para a cultura do milho já existem níveis de controle definidos, entretanto, mesmo utilizando os já estabelecidos, ocorrem perdas na produção. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi reavaliar o nível de dano de S. frugiperda em milho convencional BG7060, por meio de infestação artificial com diferentes densidades populacionais de lagartas (0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 e 20 lagartas planta-1) em plantas no estádio fenológico V4-V8 (folhas completamente expandidas) em condições de casa de vegetação. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o aumento do número de lagartas de S. frugiperda por planta afeta todas as variáveis relacionadas à produtividade, exceto a altura de planta e comprimento da espiga, propiciando uma menor produtividade. Constatou-se que o nível de controle de S. frugiperda para o híbrido BG7060 no estádios V4-V8 é 29% de plantas atacadas em uma amostragem de 100 plantas, quando ocorre uma lagarta planta-1.Palavras-chave: nível de controle, monitoramento, manejo integrado de pragas, Zea mays L. LEVEL OF DAMAGE OF FALL ARMYWORM, Spodoptera frugiperda, IN CONVENTIONAL MAIZE IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS  ABSTRACT - The maize production has advanced considerably providing an increase in productivity, however, this is directly affected by the insect attack in all phases. In this context, the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered the main insect-pest. There is a control levels set for the maize production, however, using the level of control already established, production losses occur. In this sense, the purposes of the study was re-evaluate the level of damage of the S. frugiperda in conventional maize, BG7060, through artificial infestation with different populational densities (0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 caterpillars plant-1), of plants at V4-V8 phenological stage (fully expanded leaves) in green house conditions. The results obtained highlighted that the increase in the number of caterpillars of S. frugiperda by plant affects all variables related to productivity, except the plant height and length of the ear, providing a smaller productivity. It was found that the control level of S. frugiperda for the BG7060 maize for V4-V8 stage is 29% of attacked plants in a sample of 100 plants, when there is one caterpillar per plant.Keywords: level control, monitoring, integrated pest management, Zea mays L.
INFESTAÇÃO DE MILHO CRIOULO, CONVENCIONAL E TRANSGÊNICO PELA LAGARTA-DO-CARTUCHO E PELA LAGARTA-DA-ESPIGA E PARASITISMO DE OVOS
Authors: VARGAS CAMILA CORRÊA , MORAIS ROSANA MATOS DE , REDAELLI LUIZA RODRIGUES
Published: January 2018

RESUMO - O objetivo foi avaliar a infestação, o parasitismo de ovos e danos da lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), e da lagarta-da-espiga, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), em cultivares de milho: variedade crioulo (Lombo Baio), híbrido convencional (Semilha S395) e híbrido geneticamente modificado (Bt) (TC1507 Herculex I ®, Cry1F). O experimento foi conduzido em Santa Maria-RS, no período de segunda safra de 2014. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram registrados os danos, o número de lagartas, de posturas e o parasitismo em ovos da lagarta-do-cartucho, dos 9 aos 72 dias após a emergência das plantas (DAE). A infestação da lagarta-da-espiga e o parasitismo de ovos foram registrados dos 67 aos 101 DAE. Os danos causados pela lagarta-do-cartucho foram semelhantes entre milho crioulo e convencional, os quais foram mais elevados do que no milho geneticamente modificado Bt. O número médio de lagartas-do-cartucho foi maior em milho crioulo. A média do número total de lagartas-da-espiga foi semelhante entre milho crioulo e convencional e superior à do Bt. Foi registrado o parasitismo de ovos para a lagarta-da-espiga por Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, nas três cultivares avaliadas, com porcentagens semelhantes entre milho crioulo e convencional e superior em milho Bt. Palavras-chave: Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa zea, Trichogramma pretiosum, Zea mays, manejo de pragas. INFESTATION IN INLANDRACE, CONVENTIONAL AND TRANSGENIC CORN BY FALL ARMYWORM AND CORN EARWORM, AND EGG PARASITISM  ABSTRACT - The objective of the work was to estimate the infestation and eggs parasitism of fall armyworm (J. E. Smith) and corn earworm (Boddie), in three corn varieties: landrace (LomboBaio), conventional hybrid (Semilha S395) and genetically modified hybrid (Bt) (TC1507 Herculex I ®, Cry1F). The experiment was carried out in Santa Maria-RS, during the second-season corn crop, in 2014. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with three treatments, and four replicates. We evaluated the damages, number of larvae, number of eggs and fall armyworm egg parasitism from 9 to 72 days after emergence (DAE). The infestation of corn earworm and the eggs parasitism were measured from 67 to 101 DAE. Fall armyworm damage was similar between landrace and conventional hybrid, and both higher than those of genetically modified hybrid Bt. Average number of fall armyworm larvae was higher in landrace cultivar. The average of total number of corn earworm larvae was similar on landrace and conventional hybrid, both higher than Bt hybrid. Corn earworm eggs parasitism by Trichogramma pretiosum Riley was recorded in the three evaluated cultivars and similar parasitism percentage was observed between landrace and conventional hybrid, which was higher in Bt maize. Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa zea, Trichogramma pretiosum, Zea mays, pest management.
QUALIDADE DO CALDO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL EM CULTIVARES DE SORGO SACARINO SOB ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA
Authors: SOLANO CRISTÓBAL SOTO , PONCIANO NIRALDO JOSÉ , DAHER ROGÉRIO FIGUEIREDO , COSTA RAFAEL AUGUSTO DA , SOUZA PAULO MARCELO DE , ROCHA JOSÉ PACCELLI SARMET MOREIRA
Published: January 2018

RESUMO - O sorgo sacarino tem potencial de uso como fonte de matéria-prima para a produção de bioetanol. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, analisar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura na qualidade do caldo para produção de etanol de quatro cultivares de sorgo sacarino. O experimento foi conduzido em Campos dos Goytacazes- RJ, de janeiro a maio de 2014. Foram estudadas quatro cultivares de sorgo sacarino: BRS 506, BRS 508, BRS 509 e BRS 511 e cinco de doses de nitrogênio (0, 80, 160, 240 e 320 Kg ha-1), aplicadas aos 25 e 45 dias após semeadura. Os resultados mostraram que valor Brix, açúcares redutores totais, açúcares totais recuperáveis, volume do caldo e rendimento de etanol foram afetados pela adubação nitrogenada. Para todas as características, o valor máximo foi obtido pela dose de 240 kg de N ha-1. Entre as cultivares, a BRS 506 mostrou-se superior em produção de caldo e rendimento de etanol. Enquanto a BRS 511 destacou-se nos atributos ART e ATR, e a cultivar BRS 508 sobressaiu-se no valor Brix. A cultivar BRS 506 apresentou melhor resultado combinado, com maior volume de caldo e rendimento de etanol com as doses de 204 e 212 kg N ha-1, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: biocombustíveis, rendimento de álcool carburante, atributos industriais, caracterização da matéria prima, genótipos. QUALITY OF BROTH FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN CULTIVARS OF SACARINE SORGHUM UNDER NITROGEN FERTILIZATION  ABSTRACT - Sweet sorghum has potential as a source of raw material for the production of bioethanol. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of nitrogen topdressing on the quality of the juice for ethanol production from four cultivars of sorghum. The experiment was conducted in Campos, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January to May 2014. Four cultivars of sorghum: BRS 506, BRS 508, BRS 509 and BRS 511 were studied, and five nitrogen rates (0, 80, 160, 240 and 320 kg ha-1), applied to 25 and 45 days after sowing. The results showed that the value Brix, total reducing sugars, total recoverable sugars, broth volume and ethanol yield were affected by nitrogen fertilization. For all features, the maximum value was obtained for the dose of 240 kg N ha-1. Among cultivars, BRS 506 was superior in production of broth and ethanol yield. BRS 511 stood out in the attributes ART and ATR, and BRS 508, in value Brix. BRS 506 had better combined result of higher volume of juice and ethanol yield with doses of 204 and 212 kg N ha-1, respectively Keywords: biofuels, fuel ethanol output, industrial attributes, characterization of raw materials, genotypes.
PRODUÇÃO DE ESPIGAS VERDES POR DIFERENTES CULTIVARES COMERCIAIS DE MILHO EM FUNÇÃO DA ADUBAÇÃO NPK DE SEMEADURA
Authors: PINTO ANTONIO ALVES , SANTANA LAUDELINE DANTAS , DAMACENO YTALO ROBERTO , DOS SANTOS SAMUEL LUIZ LEITE , DA CAMARA FELIPE THOMAZ
Published: January 2018

RESUMO - O milho destinado para o consumo in natura apresenta maior rentabilidade para pequenos produtores rurais, em função do menor ciclo e maior valor de mercado. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade da espiga de milho verde e a receita bruta em função da adubação na semeadura com NPK para três cultivares de milho. O experimento foi realizado no Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, da Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato-CE. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x2, sendo o primeiro fator as cultivares de milho (variedade “Aurora”, transgênico AGN 20A55 e milho doce híbrido Itapuã 700) e o segundo, a adubação de semeadura (com e sem), com três repetições. Todos os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de médias de Tukey (p<0,05). A colheita foi realizada aos 75 dias após a semeadura (DAS) para o milho transgênico e o doce, e aos 90 DAS para a variedade. Os resultados mostraram que a adubação de semeadura com NPK é essencial para obtenção de espigas de milho verde de qualidade e de maiores receitas, com os milhos transgênico e doce apresentando resultados superiores à variedade.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, transgênico, milho doce, milho crioulo. GREEN EAR YIELD OF COMMERCIAL CULTIVARS OF CORN IN FUNCTIONOF NPK SOWING FERTILIZER APPLICATION  ABSTRACT - The consumption for the maize “in nature” is more profitable for small farmers due to lower cycle and higher market value. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of green corn on the cob and gross revenue due to the NPK seeding fertilization for three cultivars of corn. The experiment was conducted at the Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade (CCAB), the Universidade Federal do Cariri, in Crato, State of Ceará, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, the maize cultivars were the first factor (variety “Aurora”, transgenic AGN 20A55, and hybrid sweet corn Itapuã 700) and the second factor was the seeding fertilization (with and without), with three replications. All data were subjected to variance analysis and comparison test averages of Tukey (p<0,05). Plants were harvested at 75 days after sowing (DAS) for the transgenic and sweet corns, while for the variety harvest was held at 90 DAS. The survey results showed that the NPK foundation fertilization is essential for obtaining quality corn green ears and higher revenues, with the transgenic and sweet corn presenting higher results than the variety. Keywords: Zea mays, transgenic, sweet corn, landrace maize.
CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DA PRIMEIRA REBROTA DE CULTIVARES DE SORGO SOB DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO
Authors: COSTA JOÃO PAULO NUNES , MEDEIROS JOSÉ FRANCISMAR , NUNES RAFAELA MENDES DE ANDRADE , CAVALCANTE JÚNIOR EDMILSON GOMES , LIRA JOSÉ FLAVIANO BARBOSA
Published: January 2018

RESUMO - Avaliou-se comportamento da rebrota de cultivares do sorgo sacarino e forrageiro no semiárido potiguar sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O ensaio foi realizado em março de 2015, nas condições de campo, em um argissolo no município de Upanema-RN, região Nordeste do Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados completos, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 4 x (5 x 2), com quatro repetições, sendo quatro lâminas de irrigação (50, 75, 100 e 125% da ETc), e cinco cultivares (duas cultivares sacarinas, BRS 506 e BRS 511, e três forrageiras IPA 467-4-2, IPA SF-15 e BRS Ponta Negra) combinadas com duas densidade de plantio nas subparcelas. As variáveis avaliadas foram as produtividades de massa fresca e seca. Verificou-se que a lâmina de irrigação repondo 100% da ETc proporcionou maior rendimento de biomassa e que as cultivares sacarinas apresentaram baixa capacidade de rebrota, sendo as variedades IPA SF 15, IPA 467-4-2 e a BRS Ponta Negra as mais produtivas.Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, semiárido, estresse hídrico. GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF THE FIRST REGROWTH OF SORGO CULTIVARS UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION BLADES  ABSTRACT - Behavior of re-growth of saccharin sorghum and forage sorghum cultivars in the semi-arid region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, under different irrigation blades was evaluated. The experiment was carried out in March 2015 under field conditions in an argisol in the municipality of Upanema-RN, northeast region of Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized complete block design with four replications (4 x 5 x 2), four irrigation blades (50, 75, 100 and 125% of ETc estimated from climatic data of Mossoró-RN) and five cultivars (two saccharin cultivars, BRS 506 and BRS 511, and three forage cultivars, IPA 467-4-2, IPA SF-15 and BRS Ponta Negra) combined with two planting densities in the subplots. Fresh and dry mass productivities were evaluated. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (F test) and the means were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% probability level, using the SAEG 8.1 software. It was verified that the irrigation blade replacing 100% of the ETc provided a higher yield of biomass and that the saccharin cultivars presented a low sprout capacity, with the varieties IPA SF 15, IPA 467-4-2 and BRS Ponta Negra being the most productive. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, semiarid, water stress.
Factores predisponentes para la enfermedad quística ovárica bovina y su efecto en la eficiencia reproductiva
Authors: Chamba Ochoa Hermógenes René , Benítez González Edgar Enrique , Pesántez Campoverde Manuel Teodoro
Published: January 2018

En el ganado lechero los quistes ováricos son anomalías habituales. Se caracterizan por presentar anestro, celos irregulares, aumento de intervalos reproductivos e infertilidad. Su origen es aún desconocido. Es importante estudiar su patogenia y posible vinculación a ciertos factores predisponentes en su presentación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar ecográficamente la prevalencia y tipo de quistes ováricos. Se estudiaron 93 vacas que pertenecían a 23 ganaderías de la Hoya de Loja. Las formaciones quísticas se identificaron y clasificaron según el perfil ecográfico de 24 días, con 6 exploraciones cada 4 días. Las edades de los animales fluctuaron entre 2 y 12 años, con condición corporal > 2. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el PROC REG en el programa estadístico SPSS Statistics 21. Se determinó un incremento de 256,4 días abiertos en animales con quistes ováricos versus 114,8 días abiertos en las vacas sanas control. La prevalencia de quistes ováricos fue de 32 %, distribuidos en 21 % de quistes foliculares y 11 % de luteínicos. Además, se evidenció correlación entre presencia de quistes con condición corporal ≤ 3 (23 %), presencia de metritis (9 %) y utilización de productos hormonales (10 %). La manifestación clínica de los quistes ováricos se expresó con síntomas de anestro de vacas con quistes luteínicos (90 %), y la presencia de celos irregulares en vacas con quistes foliculares (40 %). En conclusión, los quistes ováricos son causa directa del incremento de los periodos parto-celo, parto-concepción y del intervalo entre partos en vacas lecheras en posparto.
Postioplastia en toros cebuínos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Mastoby Miguel , Cardona-Álvarez José Alberto , Pérez-Berrío Diana Marcela
Published: January 2018

La postitis es una patología que afecta a la mucosa parietal y extremo anterior de las vainas conjuntivales del prepucio, con afectación de la porción tegumentaria o sin esta, y que puede incapacitar la protrusión del pene. Dentro de las causas predisponentes en toros están las particularidades morfogenéticas, traumáticas, infecciosas pruriginosas, y en el caso del contexto del presente estudio una de las más frecuentes es la falta de higiene. Los signos más evidentes son: dificultad o imposibilidad para copular, edema, necrosis de mucosa prolapsada, miasis, hemorragia, absceso, retención urinaria, hipertermia local y dolor a la palpación. El tratamiento médico o quirúrgico depende de la valoración de la lesión y libido, del valor del toro, la edad, el compromiso peneano, el manejo y las complicaciones posoperatorias, el personal capacitado, entre otras. En esta investigación se realizó un estudio descriptivo no probabilístico en animales padrotes. Se describió el seguimiento médico-quirúrgico de toros con edades entre los 4,5 y los 9 años, con enfermedad de mucosa y tejido conjuntivo prepucial. A la exploración, la constante clínica fue disminución de la libido, inflamación ulcerosa de mucosa prepucial, fimosis, y en siete de ellos, retención urinaria en el saco. El objetivo de este informe fue describir la técnica quirúrgica que se utilizó para la solución de una serie de 25 casos de postitis en toros cebú del departamento de Córdoba (Colombia).
Descripción de datos climatológicos para el periodo 2012-2015 en El Yopal (Casanare, Colombia)
Authors: Castro García Gustavo , Sosa Rico Miguel Darío
Published: January 2018

La variabilidad climática es un tema de importancia para el desarrollo de actividades agropecuarias. En la descripción de las tendencias del comportamiento del clima, es necesario establecer referentes de consulta, los cuales puedan respaldar pronósticos y análisis de los datos. En Colombia existen zonas donde no se cuenta con equipos para la medición de estos parámetros, debido a que requieren una inversión significativa y capacitación técnica para el manejo y mantenimiento de los equipos. Una posible solución es establecer modelos que permitan visualizar la tendencia de estos datos. Esta investigación se desarrolló en la región del Casanare, ubicada en los llanos orientales de Colombia. Esta zona se caracteriza por la producción ganadera, así como de arroz, plátano y yuca. En el presente estudio se desarrolló el análisis de las tendencias de datos climatológicos, según la base de datos del periodo 2012-2015, de una estación climatológica tipo Davis Weather Station. Los datos analizados fueron temperatura ambiente (°C), humedad relativa (%), radiación solar (W/m–2) y velocidad del viento (m/s–1). Se evaluó la tendencia de estos parámetros anualmente, y se hallaron los coeficientes de determinación (r2) según los modelos de ajuste empleados.