bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversible Inhibition of Euglobulin Fibrinolytic Activity in Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Authors: Lipinska I. , Lipinski B. , Gurewich V.
Published: May 2019

Fibrinolytic activity (FA) in blood was measured by incubating (37°C for 18h.) the euglo ulin fraction on unheated fibrin plates. In 60% of 88 adults with DM, no lysis (Omm2) was observed. These determinations were repeated after one year’s storage (-20°C) of the plasma at which time, normal FA (113[56-189]mm2) was found suggesting the presence of a labile inhibitor. Euglobulin precipitates with no FA were washed with H2O prior to thei dissolution in Tris buffer (pH7.4). Significant FA appeared (118[81-156]mm2) in 13 out of 15 fresh samples from patients with DM indicating that the inhibitor was soluble in H2O. The addition of chondroitin sulfate (CS) to plasma (lmg/ml) prior to euglobulin precipitation also restored FA (120[80-225]mm2) in these samples. Addition of CS to the euglobulin fraction itself had no effect on FA. When CS was added to normal plasma little change in euglobulin FA occurred. It is concluded that in patients with DM, the apparent inhibition of FA was due to the presence of a labile plasma factor rather than the absence of plasminogen activator. This inhibition was reversed by CS suggesting than the factor may be one of the lipoproteins known to be elevated in some patients with DM. These findings indicate that a low FA in the euglobulin fraction may be due to the presence of a fibrinolytic inhibitor rather than to the absence of plasminogen activator. This new interpretation of the euglobulin lysis test appears to be particularly applicable to patients with UM.
Platelet Function Studies in Diabetics with Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Scarpello J.H.B. , Best L.C. , Marcola B.H. , McGuire M.B. , Preston F.E. , Russell R.G.G. , Ward J.D.
Published: May 2019

A variety of platelet function tests have been performed in a series of IS diahetics (B male, 7 female). All had clinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy and some also had diabetic retinopathy. The following were measured a) Platelet survival as determined using 51Cr-labelled platelets;b) Plasma β-thromboglobulin;c) Platelet aggregate ratio;d) Malonyldialdehyde(MDA) production following the addition of thrombin or arachidonic acid to platelet-rich plasma.

The tests showed widespread evidence of altered platelet function. Six patients had a reduced platelet survival time (<72 hrs), four had a reduced platelet aggregate ratio, and six had increased B-thromboglobulin levels. Seven showed abnormally high production of MDA in response to thrombin.

No correlation was found between any of the tests in individual patients.

These studies confirm that there is a widespread alteration in platelet function in diabetics with complications, but suggest that no single test may be used as an acceptable screening procedure.
Control of Heparin Therapy - is There a Need?
Authors: Salzman E.W.
Published: May 2019

The argument for laboratory control of heparin treatment rests on 2 issues: 1, that the response to heparin varies from patient to patient and from time to time, and 2, that the clinical results are improved by laboratory control.

The theoretical basis for lab control is strong. AT III levels vary and are reduced in thrombotic states. Heparin’s absorption and rate of degradation vary; its survival is shorter after pulmonary embolism.

The clinical evidence that lab control prevents bleeding is weak. When heparin is given by intermittent injection, bleeding is not avoided by lab tests. Even with continuous infusion, coagulation tests may identify a group at high risk for bleeding, but lower values are no guarantee against hemorrhage.

The case for lab control to assure an anti thrombotic effect is stronger. Clotting test values correlate with recurrent thromboembolism, particularly when heparin is given by continuous infusion. Thromboembolism recurs more ofter after smaller doses or after a poor APTT response to a larger dose. Other clinical settings are analogous: e.g., cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodialysis. New tests may correlate better with clinical events by measuring end products of heparin’s antithrombotic activity rather than its action on coagulation kinetics: e.g., fibrinopeptide A, fibrin monower, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, prothrombin fragments, and products of platelet activation.
Platelet Calcium: Factors Affecting its Distribution, Mobilization and Action
Authors: Feinstein M.B.
Published: May 2019

Stimulation of platelets initiates metabolic processes whicn are notable for the dependency of their key enzymes on Ca2+; i.e. phosphorylase b kinase, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and myosin-light chain kinase (MLCK). Membrane phosphorylation and cyclic nucleotide levels are also sensitive directly or indirectly to Ca2+, Two major problems concerning platelet Ca2+ can be defined: (1) What are the sources and mechanisms for mobilization of intracellular Ca2+, and (2) how does Ca2+ activate the diverse types of enzymes involved? Evidence from several laboratories suggests that the dense tubular system is involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels and that products of arachidonate metabolism can induce Ca2+ release; but other mechanisms must exist to explain platelet activation after inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase. Employing a fluorescent probe for membrane calcium, chlortetracycline (CTC), we have detected intracellular release of calcium associated with a specific platelet response; i.e. PLA2 activation by N-ethyl maleimide and thimerosal. Antimycin A and FCCP Which can release Ca2+ from mitochondria do not produce a CTC-fluorescence signal or activation of PLA2 Mitochondria are therefore unlikely to be a significant source for activator Ca2+ in platelets. Concerning the second problem, the Calcium-Dependent Regulatory protein (CDR) has been shown to confer Ca2+ sensitivitY on MLCK. Based on evidence from other cells possible CDR involvement in membrane phosphorylations, Ca2+ transport and glycogenolysis in platelets should also be suspected.
Coagulation Activity of Surface Activated Plasma
Authors: Swedenborg J. , Kourias E. , Olsson P. , Lundqvist P-B.
Published: May 2019

Vessel stasis itself does not cause a thrombus in experimental animals. Sale additional stimulus to coagulation has t o be superimposed for a thrarlbus to oCcur. Previously injections of serum have been used for this purpose. In the present study small arrounts of human plasma, activated against a surface in vitro, injected prior to ligation of the jugular vein caused thranbosis in rabbits. Plasma not activated failed to do so. The coagulation enhancing prinCiple was dependent upon factors XII, XI, IX and VIII and was stable in vitro but rapidly disappeared in vivo. Heparin inhibited this activity and did so more easily when added prior to surface activation as canpared. to after. Recalcification time of surface activated plasna was studied in vitro using a thranbometerR. This instrurent measures the light scattering caused by the clot. Recalcification time of surface activated plasma was shorter than non activated plasma. This shortening was dependent upon factors XII and XI and was also inhibited by heparin. Also in this case heparin was more effective if added Prior to surface activation. Surface activated plasma added in minute amounts to normal plasma shortened the recalcification tirre of the latter. Patients on low dose heparin theraphy had a prolonged recalcification tirre postoperatively whereas patients without such theraphy showed a shortened time postoperatively. Plasma fron patients without low dose heparin was more readily surface activated.
The Evaluation of the Role of the Kallikrein-Kinin Systems with Coagulation Factors During Pregnancy Delivery and Pueriperium
Authors: Shigenori Suzuki
Published: May 2019

(Purpose) While it is a well-known fact that the majority of blood coagulation factors are increasing in the latter half of Pregnancy and Delivery, the correlation between Kallikrein-Kinin Systems and Coagulation fretors has not yet been brought to a full explanation. From this point of view, Kininogens and individual coagulation factors were hereby determined in order to clarify the state of hypercoagulability and DIC during Pregnancy and Delivery.

(Method) 1) In 20 normal cases from Pregnancy through to Delivery and Pueriperium and 10 cases of DIC, Kininogen were measured with the method of Bioassay using Rat-Uterus. (DINIZ Method) 2) The slate of hypercoagulability in the background of DIC was evaluated by determining many coagulation-factors including Contact Factors.

(Results) 1) In the latter hair of the period or gestation, individual factors (excluding Factor XIII) were increasing, especially before Delivery. 2) The high levels or the kininogen in plasma were proved during Pregnancy and before Delivery(8.4 ± 3.4 μg/ml) than that of nonpregnancy (4.3 ± 2.1 μrg/ml) as well as many other coagulation factors. 3) In the cases of DIC, the extrectly low level of Kininogen (2.2± 1.4 μg/ml) were proved.

(Conclusion) The levels of Kininogen seems to play an important role in the mechanismus of DIC which start before and immediately after Delivery.
Simplified Determination of Fibrinogen Subfractions by Glycine
Authors: Sasaki S. , Kito K.
Published: May 2019

Although it has been suggested by some investigators that human plasma fibrinogen is composed of two or more subfractions, no simple method of determining these fractions individually has been available for clinical use. We found that precipitation by glycine at certain ionic strength was suitable for this purpose. One volume of human plasma was added to 10 volume of 2.3 M glycine solution of varying ionic strength. Analysis of the precipitates obtained at various Ionic strength by means of SDS-gel electrophoresis gave the following results: The precipitate obtained at ionic strength 0.2 gave single band. Its molecular weight was 360,000, clottability 85%. The supernatant was devoid of this fraction. The precipitate obtained at ionic strength 1.4 gave two banda corresponding to molecular weight of 360,000 and 325,00O respectively. The clottability of the precipitate was 85%. The supernatant contained no significant amount of clottable protein. It is therefore possible to determine the concentrations of high molecular fraction of fibrinogen and of total fibrinogen in plasma using the precipitate at ionic strength 0.2 and the precipitate at ionic strength 1.4 respectively. The difference of the two values gives the concentration of low molecular fraction of fibrinogen. Biological properties of the two fractions were also studied.
Cold Promoted Activation of Factor VII(CPA) and Plasma Renin Activity (PRA)
Authors: van Royen E. , Hoekman K. , Elte P. , Schellekens A.
Published: May 2019

The CPA phenomenon occurs in about 20% of the population, 60% of women using contraceptive drugs and 90% of pregnant women. Cpa positive plasma samples show at 4°C spontaneous activation of prekallikrein and factor VII, shortening of the ThrombotestR Time (TT) and consumption of C4 esterase inhibitor. Since kalllkrein may activate prorenin, we related the CPA phenomenon to PRA.

A highly significant correlation was found between the shortening of the TT at 4°C and an increase in PRA during storage of random plasma samples.

It is concluded that special care should be taken when PRA is determined in CPA positive plasma samples in order to avoid erroneously high PRA levels.
Preparation and use of a Combined Reagent for the Two-Stage Assay of Factor VIII Procoagulant Activity
Authors: Pettet N. , Hirst V.K.
Published: May 2019

Activated serum, bovine factor V and phospholipid, diluted In barbitone sodium saline pH 7.3 were prepared as a pooled reagent and freeze-dried in aliquots. Normal plasma with CPD as anticoagulant was used as the substrate. The reagent was easily prepared, is convenient to use and has been assessed in three independent trials. Repeated assays performed using the International standard for factor VIII and the British Standards for plasma factor VIII and concentrate factor VIII provided combined potency estimates which showed no significant difference from the values stated for these standards. In a group study, where seven participants performed two-stage assays using their normal reagents and techniques, the potency estimates obtained by RPL using the combined reaqent were in close agreement with those obtained by workers with other assay methods. Quality control measurements of procoagulant activity in factor VIII concentrate performed in duplicate at RPL and plasma Fractionation Laboratory PFL , Oxford over a period of several months provided a satisfactory comparative assessment of the combined reagent assay and the two-stage factor VIII assay used at PFL. Use of the combined reagent in a simplified two-stage assay has been studied and its suitability in automatic techniques has beer shown to be acceptable.
Failure of Cryoprecipitate to Normalize Platelet Retention in Hereditary and Acquired von Willebrand’s Disease (VWD).
Authors: Niessner H. , Lechner K.
Published: May 2019

I. In 10 patients with hereditary VWD infusion of 20 U/kg b.w.cryoprecipitate resulted in almost no increase of platelet retention (plat.ret.) despite shortening of the bleeding time and normalizing of VII:Coag, VIII : Ag and ristocetin aggregation (table)

Plat.ret. also remained unchanged under repeated infusion of cryoprecipitate or administration of 26 U/kg b.w. highly purified factor VIII. Increasing the cryoprecipitate dose to 43 U/kg b.w. resulted in an improved plat.ret. for four hours only.

II. In two patients with acquired VWD and IgG-paraproteinemia the same dose of cryoprecipitate had much less effect on the bleeding time, VIII:Coag, VIII;Ag and ristocetin aggregation, although “in vitro” no inhibitor could be demonstrated.
Endothelial Receptor-Mediated Clearance of Thrombin: Comparison with two active Site-Inhibited Derivatives.
Authors: Lollar P. , Owen W.G.
Published: May 2019

Thrombin binds to a receptor on human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro(Awbrey, B., Hoak, J., and Owen, W., J. Biol. Chem. in press). We studied the fate of 125I-thrombin and diisopropylfluorophosphoryl_125 I-thrombin (DIP_125I-thrombin) in rabbits to determine whether the thrombin receptor play a role in removing thrombin from the circulation. One unit of DIP_125I-thrombin, or 125I-thrombin was injected rapidly into the ear vein or carotid artery. When injected via either route, 70% of 125I-thrombin and 90% of DIP_125I-thrombin disappeared from the circulation within one minute. Clearance of either active or DIP-thrombin was inhibited by prior injection of excess unlabelled DIP-thrombin. DIP-thrombin given intra-arterially was found in organs in proportion to their blood supply. Both DIP-thrombin and thrombin given intravenously went predominantly to the lungs with subsequent removal to other organs. Thrombin, however, had a shorter half-life in the lung than DIP-thrombin (2.5 vs 25 minutes). Intravenous p-guanidino-benzoyl thrombin, which is a reversible acyl-enzyme complex (half-life for dissoclation at 37° of 8 min), had a half-life in the lung of 5 min. The rapid uptake of both thrombin and DIP-thrombin by vascular beds and the saturability of the process support the hypothesiS that the thrombin receptor is involved in the clearance mechanism. The rapid exchange of active thrombin, after its initial deposition, may reflect interaction with plasma components.
Hemostasis Activating Factor and von Willebrand’s Syndrome
Authors: Kirchmaier C.M. , Sayegh A. , Bender N. , Lenhard St. , Wintrich M. , Breddin H.K.
Published: May 2019

Small amounts of subcutaneous tissue extracts containing a “hemostasis activating factor”(HaF) induce pseudopode formation and sphering in freshly drawn citrate blood and they markedly enhance platelet retention in glass bead columns. If HaF (50 μl/ml) was added to freshly drawn citrate blood together with a fresh cryoprecipitate (50μ1/ml) from normal PPP, retention was further increased. Cryoprecipitate alone (50μ1/ml) did not induce morphologic platelet changes or enhance platelet retention,I H 15 patients with v.Willebrand syndrome (VWS) spontaneous morphologic platelet changes after blood sampling did not differ from normal controls. But two different types of VWS patients could be distinguished in the retention test: In the first group low retention was increased to norma 1 after the addition of HaF. In a second group a very small or missing increase of platelet retention was found with HaF alone; but retention was “normalised” by adding small amounts of cryoprecipitate together with HaF.VWF may be essential for the rapid stimulation of platelets by HaF in primary hemostasis.
A New Bleeding Model: Effects of Compounds on the Mechanically Induced Blood Loss of Small Subdermal Vessels of the Rat
Authors: Hobbelen P.M.J. , Princen A.W.M. , van Delft A.M.L.
Published: May 2019

Several models are described for the measurement of drug effects on bleeding. The-haemostatic mechanism in large vessels is largely dissimilar from that in small vessels. Pharmacological bleeding models in which small vessels are used can be expected to be most relevant for the clinical situation, but these models have the disadvantage of a low reproducibility. Therefore, We developed a model in which reproducible bleeding is induced in small vessels. Male rats are anaesthetized with Nembutal®. The bleeding is induced by ripping off a flap of abdominal slcin from the underlying tissue. The “wound” is covered with a gauze and blood loss·is measured. Low doses of heparin (~350 IU/kg i.v.) which block the formation of fibrin do not affect the blood loss. However, higher doses of heparin (~700 and 1400 IU/kg i.v.) increase the blood loss significantly. Blood loss is also increased by treatment withanti-platelet serum. Acetylsalicylic acid, sulfinpyrazone and Org 4122 in doset active in experimental arterial thrombosis, do not affect the blood loss. There is no agreement in literature about the effects of acetylsalicylic acid and sulfinpyrazone in clinical bleeding time tests, but heparin, when given as i.v. bolus injections (7500-10000 IU) induces bleeding in quite a number of patients. Because our results are comparable to results obtained in humans and because of the good reproducibility, this test has advantages above other existing animal bleeding tests.
Chromogenic Assays for the Determination of Prothrombin Related Material in Rat Liver Fractions.
Authors: Beecroft Linda J
Published: May 2019

Clotting assays are not easily applied to turbid solutions such as microsomal fractions. With the development of chromogenic substrates, the esterolytic activity of prothrombin related material can be assayed biochemically in such systems. Liver fractions were prepared by differential centrifugaron. Liver homogenate was centrifuged at 10,000 g. for 10 minutes to yield supernatant 1.Supernatant 1 was further centrifuged at 105,000 g for 60 minutes to yield the microsomal pellet and supernatant 2. Taipan and Echis carinatus snake vanoms were used to generate esterolytic activity in the various liver fractions. In all fractions the esterolytic activity generated by E. carinatus venom was greater than that generated by Taipan Venom. Both assays indicated that the microsomal pellet had similar esterolytic activity to supernatant 2. When liver fractions were prepared from warfarin treated rats, the assays revealed that the relative proportions of prothrombin related material in the fractions had altered. The esterolytic activity of the microsomal fraction was found to be greatly increased whilst supernatant 2 had no detectable activity.

Warfarin treated rats have greatly decreased levels of prothrombin in the plasma due to inhibition of vitamin K-dependent carboxylation in the liver. It is suggested that the lack of prothrombin in the plasma reflects the lack of soluble prothrombin in supernatant 2, and the concomitant build-up of precursor forms bound to the microsomes.
The Steady State Kinetics of Plasmin and Trypsin Catalysed Hydrolysis of a Number of Tripeptideanilides
Authors: Christensen U. , Ipsen H-H.
Published: May 2019

The steady state kinetic parameters of plasmin and trypsin catalysed hydrolysis of Bz-L-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA, L-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA, Bz-D-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA, D-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA and D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA in the pH-range 6-9 are presented. Ionization of catalytically essential enzymic groups accounts satisfactorily for the pH-dependencies of the kinetic parameters for plas-rain and trypsin reactions with Bz-L-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA, Bz-D-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA and D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA. The protonation of the α-amino group of L-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA and D-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA (pK=7.0) show some additional effect. The values of the catalytic constants for plasmin and trypsin reactions with these p-nitroanilides are alike those normally found for specific ester substrates, indicating that the deacylation steps are rate determining.
Adriamycin (A) Induces a Delayed Hypercoagulable and Prothrombotic State in Rats.
Authors: Delaini F. , Popgi A. , Colombo T. , Komblihtt L. , Reyers I. , Mussoni L. , Donati M.B.
Published: May 2019

The effects of anticancer agents. on the host’s haemostatic mechanism have been given limited attention so far. We have studied the early and long-term changes in haemostatic parameters of normal rats given A. Single doses of A (5-10 mg/kg b.w.), at levels active as an anticancer agent in this animal species, did not induce any acute changes in platelets, fibrinogen or fibrinolytic activity, as long as plasma drug levels were measurable. Two weeks later, however, a hypercoagulable stat developed, characterized by increased fibrinogen and F.VIII:C activity, short APTT, low total antithrombin and heparin cofactor levels and markedly depressed fibrinolytic activity (measured by euglobulin and dilute whole blood clot lysis times, plasminogen and antiplasmin amidolytic activity). These changes were dose-related and lasted at least five weeks after treatment. When the plasma antithrombin level was low, this inhibitor could be measured in the urine. A significant reduction in the occlusion time of an aortic loop was observed in A-treated rats. The occurrence of ascites, proteinuria and reduced plasma protein levels in the same animals suggests that A-induced nephrotoxicity (nephrotic syndrome?) could be involved in the pathogenesis of the hypercoagulable and prothrombotic state observed.

Supported by Contract NIH-NCI-C-72-3242, NIH (USA) and Italian CNR Project “Control of Tumoral Growth”.
Collagen-Platelet Aggregation in Diabetics. Inhibition by Aspirin (ASA)
Authors: Luceti C. , Sack E.S.
Published: May 2019

Platelet aggregation induced by progressive concentratiuna of collagen was performed In 8 Insulin-dependent diabetlce, inmadlately befara and 90 minutes after the Ingestion of 0.500 g ASA. Simultaneously, aarum ASA-estarase activity and plasmatic salicylic acid levels uere Investigated. The results uere compared ulth s previous study performed in 40 normal subjects. (Throb Hasmaat 36:65B, 1976. Contrarlly to the wide Individual variations in platelet reapaneiveneee to collagen round in normal subjecte, diabetlce responded to collagen Lilthin narrow limite Further, diabetica exhibited both algniflcent increased response to collagen end reduced Inhibition by ASA. Also both. ASA-eetereies activity and plasmatic salicylic acid concentration uere slgniflcantly higher In diabetics. A positive correletion uas Found between the minimal collagan concantretlon required to Initiate aggregation pre-ASA and the ASA-lndkiced Inhibition In the aggregation provoked by the highest colleger! concentration. No correlation uee found betusan tha mlnlmel emount of collegen required Fur lnltietlng aggregetlon pre- and pnat-ASA. Our reeults suggest that cullsgen-lnducsd pletelet aggragetlon in dlebetlcs is Inhibited by ASA, but, at varlence with tha results found in normale, euch Inhibition is not releted to the pre-ASA platelet rasponee to collegen.
Effect of Tranylcypromine on Platelet Aggregation Induced by Thrombin, ADP, Adrenaline, Collagen and Arachidonic ACID
Authors: Busch C. , Ljungman C. , Birgersson L.
Published: May 2019

The monoaminooxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine has been suggested to be a selective inhibitor of prostacyclin synthetase with no inhibitory effect on thromboxane A2 formation in platelets. The substance would then be a suitable tool for discrimination between prostacyclin synthesis and release on one hand and other possible thrombocytophobic properties of the endothelial cell particularly its surface on the other. This study, however, shows that tranylcypromine interferes with platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, ADP, adrenaline and collagen whereas that of arachidonic acid is not affected. The results indicate an inhibition at an earlier common pathway of platelet aggregation than the metabolism of arachidonic acid. It is also suggested that the search for a selective inhibitor of prostacyclin synthesis which does not interfere with platelet functions should continue.
Effect of Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration on the Formation of Experimental Stasis Thrombus and Arterial Thrombus
Authors: Ueno T. , Maekawa T. , Kobavashi N. , Tanaka S.
Published: May 2019

The role of plasma fibrinogen in the formation of the stasis thrombus of the jugular vein and experimental thrombus of the femoral artery was studied in dogs. The score of the stasis thrombus was determined according to Wessler’s standard. Thrombi were formed in all of the nine control dogs injected with 40 ml of normal canine serum containing 20 mg of watersoluble ellagic acid. In the eleven dogs with less than mg/dl of plasma fibrinogen concentration 18 to 24 hours after subcutaneous injection of defibrase no thrombi developed following iv injection with serum and ellagic aci... Thrombi of score 2 to 4 were formed in all of eight dogs with fibrinogen concentraron of more than 120 mg/dl after iv injection with serum and ellagic acid. The occludin, thrombus was produced in all of control dogs on the chemically intimectomized femor?l artery with stenosing ligature after iv injection with serum and ellagic acid. No thronbi developed in all of five defibrase injected dogs with fibrinogen concentration of less than 60 mg/dl on similary treated femoral artery following in injection with serum and ellagic acid. Occluding thrombus was formed in 7 out of the 9 defibrase treated dogs with fibrinogen concentration of 80 to 255 mg/dl.

These results suggest that plasma fibrinogen concentration of more than 30 mg/dl is essential for the formation of either stasis thrombus or occluding arterial thrombus.
The Processes of Hemocoagulation and Thrombosis in Atherosclerosis due to Sudden Hypodinamia
Authors: Tyavokin V.Y. , Skipetrov V.P. , Grinevskaya Y.I. , Syjridkijia L.P. , Inchina V.I.
Published: May 2019

The processes of hemocoagulation, thrombosis and microcirculation in the conditions of hypodinamia were studied in the experiment on the basis of the model of atherosclerosis suggested by V.V. Tyavokin. The experiments are carried out on 266 rabbits (bucks) of Shinshilla breed. A sudden hypodinamla of rabbits leads to the increase of coagulant and the decrease of fibrinolytic and anticoagulant blood activity, to the considerable strengthening of dynamic properties of thrombocytes, to the violations in the tissue system of aortal and myocardial hemostasia. The highest tendency to the intravascular blood coagulation, the formation of thrombuses is marked in H days of sudden hypodinamla which is explained by the entrance of active thromboplaatic substances to tne blood flow, the increase of fibrinostabilizing and the decrease of anticoagulant and fibrinolytic properties of vessels and myocardium. Thus, in limitation of the rabbits mobility, i.e. under conditions, in which atherosclerosis develops, considerable violations in the processes of hemocoagulations similar to those in human atherosclerosis appear.
Critical Evaluation of Blood Platelet Kinetics in Rat Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Meuleman D.G. , Vogel G.M.T. , Delft van A.M.L.
Published: May 2019

Blood platelet survival is shortened under several thrombotic conditions. We studied platelet kinetics during arterial thrombosis induced by indwelling intraaortic cannulas in rats. The alteration of platelet behaviour by mechanical and pharmacological interventions was investigated. In our model platelet consumption is strongly increased, leading to a long-lasting, steady state thrombocytopenia but with a normal platelet turnover. Termination of the thrombotic stimulus readily reduces the increased platelet consumption, leading to restoration of normal platelet counts. Pharmacological interference with treatment of either PGE1 or PGI2 decreases platelet consumption and elevates the platelet count, whereas treatment with sulfinpyrazone or Org 3382 does not improve significantly platelet disappearance but partially normalizes the platelet count.

We conclude that differences in platelet disappearance in this rat model are measured more sensitively by the difference between platelet production and-consumption (as expressed by the platelet count) than by platelet consumption alone as measured by disappearance of radiolabelled platelets).
β-Thhomboglobulin (β-TG) and Heparin Neutralising Activity (HNA) in Acute Myocardial Infarction (M.I.) Patients. A Controlled Response to Sulfinpyrazone (S)
Authors: Cortellaro M. , Boschetti C. , Fasslo G. , Polli E. E.
Published: May 2019

β-TG and PF4 are platelet-apecific proteins reflecting the degree of platelet “activation” occurring in vivo. Some data suggest that plasma HNA detected by the heparin thrombin clotting time (HTCT) test reflects the PF4 released from platelets. We are investigating the patterns of specific β-TG RIA (Radiochemical Centre, Amersham) and non-specific HNA teats (O’Brien’s modified) performed at the same time (before, at day 15 post-m.i. episode, and after 1 month’s treatment) on a series of patients randomly allocated to S (400 mg twice a day) or placebo (P) in the Anturane Reinfarction Italian Study. It Is estimated that there will be 80 patients to evaluate in June 1979 The flrat preliminary results show: β-TG basal levels were greater In 21 of 24 patients (mean level 170.33±87.93 ng/ml) than the control mean (52. 60±20.77 ng/ml). β-TG levela decreaaed to normal values In 4 of 5 and 2 of 5 patients from S and P groups respectively. Basal HTCT was shorter in 16 of 23 patients (mean value 31.28±15.86) than the control mean (36.31±11 31)HTCT values increased above the control values in 4 of 5 and 2 of 5 patients of S and P groups respectively. An inverse correlation between basal β-TG and HTCT values was evident (r = -0 21)
Is Beta-thromboglobulin a useful indicator of thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome?
Authors: Andrassy K. , Deppermann D. , Walter E. , Koderisch J. , Ritz E. , Post D.
Published: May 2019

In nephrotic Syndrome (NS), thrombotic episodes are common and this is thought to result from altered platelet function. In the present study we tried to correlate beta-thromboglobulin (TG) cone, with parameters of platelet function, - Patients and methods - In 26 pt. with NS platelet aggregat. test (PA) and TG were analysed before and after 2 weeks treatm. with ASA/Dipyridamole. None of the pat. had diseases with known platelet consumption or medication which interferes with platelets. - Results - Although, none of the pat. had clinically overt thrombosis (Doppler, phlebo-gr.) PA was increased in all pat.(PAT I and III, collagen/ADP ind. aggregate,, PF 4). There was an inverse correlat. between platelet abnormality and serum albumin cone, and a pos. correlat. with the elevation of cholesterol, TG cone, in NS did not differ signif. from control individ. without renal disease and from pat. with chron. glomerulonephr.(33.4±11.1 vs 33.9±9.7 vs 31.«±13.2 ng/ml). ASA/Dipyrid. did not change TG cone. - Conclusions - TC cone, in vivo do not reflect the degree of platelet abnorm, in vitro in pat. with NS. This finding may indicate that TG is not sensitive enough to monitor plat, abnorm, short of overt thromb. or else may indicate the fact, that TG is lost in the urine in NS.
Do Oral Anticoagulants Enhance Anti Xa Activity?
Authors: Szwarcer E , Giuliani R.
Published: May 2019

In vivo studies showed(1)(2) in doge and rabbits, that the antithrombotic protection is clearly related to AntiXa enhanced activity, than to a particular KCCT level (3).

Dicoumarins de not prevent experimental thrombous development as heparin (even bellow 5% of K dependent factors concentration and more than 9 5 KCCT). AntiXa measurement was practiced on 20 huaans and 20 dogs, both following anticoagulant (coumarin) treatments.(Biggs technique, 1970, but using unheated test plasmas, and not modifying AntiXa reactivity), it has been claimed that eral anticoagulant» enhanc. AntiXa reactivity.)

Reeults showed ne difference between normal humans and dogs plasmas and anticoagulant treated groups and this might be related to the different measurement techniques used.

1. Szwarcer E, Giuliani R. World Congr Cardiol (8th), Abstr 1, 1199, pg381, 1978

2. Chiu HM. Hirsh J, Yung WL. Regeczi E, Gent M. Blood. Vol 49. N 2, 171, f.b, 1977

3. Giuliani R. Szwarcer E. Thrombosis R.s. Grant MCBS 1978

4. Wessler S. Gitel S. Circulation. Abstr 0789, I1201, Vols 53-54, Suppl 11, 1976
Hrparins and Other Mucopolisacarids Comparison Between Amtithrombotic and Anticoagulant Effects
Authors: Giuliani R , Szwarcer E.
Published: May 2019

Lung heparins, mucosal heparins, condroitin sulfate A, M945 (Syntex Arg) were studied in their anticoagulant activity measured in USP or KCCT, related to their AntiXa potentiating effect (anti thrombotic)

Measurements were made using Biggs technique, and a personal modification using factor X defficitary plasmas (barium sulfate adsorbed plasmas), 0.15 ionic strength,and measuring residual Xa on VII-X defficitary plasma

Wide differences were found between the different compounds,in their Anti Xa/KCCT ratios (or USP).

Different pools resulted in different changes in KCCT,so,the AntiXa/KCCT ratios, varied between pools.

The ratio grew particularly when some compounds (N945) were used in vivo (dogs), where with nearly no clH.nges in KCCT, the AntiXa potency obtained was the corresponding to 0.2UI/ml of heparin in plasma
Drcg Phopllylaxis of Thromboehbolic Complicatioxs, Lituts and Facilities in Hip Surgery
Authors: Westermann K. , Trentz O. , Pretschmer P.
Published: May 2019

In 1973 we started prospective, controlled trials on prophylactic efficiency of 5 drugs: combination of aspirin and dipyridaMol (95 patients), deXtran 60 (43 patients), Clihydroergotarnin (61patients), Iml-dose-heparin (63 patients) and a combination of dihydroergotamin and low-dose-heparin two times (61patients), three times (63 patients) a day. The 386 patients undergoing total hip replacement were screened with the 125-J-fibrinogenuptake- test, phlebography and a careful clinical evaluation before and after surgery. A lung perfusion scan was performed in the last 4 groups. In cases of established DVT simultaneous anticoagulation with heparin and coumarin was started. In the group with aspirin/dipyridamol prophylaxis 32 (34 %) DVT and 3 pulmonary emboli were detected. In the dextran group 24 (56 %) got DVT and one non fatal PE. The dihydroergotamin showed 33 DVT (54 %) and 7 PE. In the low dose heparin group we had 29 (46 %) DVT and 3 PE. Only the combination of low dose heparin and dihydroergotamin reduced the incidence of thromboembolic complications significantly: no PE, 15 DVT (25%). The last group showed no further reduction but more hemorrhagic complications
Activation of Bovine Factor V by Thrombin and A Protease From Russell's Viper Venom (RVV)
Authors: Lindhout M.J. , Jackson C. M.
Published: May 2019

In order to understand the function of activated factor V in the prothrombinase complex, we isolated the activation products obtained by action of thrombin and RVV-V on factor V and studied their functional properties. Factor V isolated from plasma by means of ion-exchange chromatography, a Ca-oxalate adsorption step and gelfiltration was homogenous in SDS-gelelectrophoresis (apparent MW 360,000, with and without reduction). Increase in factor V activity upon action by RVV-V is correlated with a single peptide bond cleavage, resulting in a 270,000 dalton and a 80,000 dalton component. Additional proteolysis of factor Va(RVV/V)’ by thrombin results in a further cleavage of the high MW component into peptides with MW's of 72,000, 94,000 and about 150,000 without a furth~r increase in factor V activity. Whereas none of the isolated peptides reveal factor Va activity, activity would be generated by a recombination in the presence of Ca2+ of the 94,000 MW or 270,000 MW component with the 80,000 component. Action of thrombin alone on factor V results in peptides of MW 72,000, 80,000, 94,000 and a peptide very rich in carbohydrate with an apparent MW of 150,000.
Emission spectra of atomic and molecular nitrogen from photolysis of ammonia in solid neon
Authors: Chou Sheng-Lung , Lo Jen-Iu , Peng Yu-Chain , Lu Hsiao-Chi , Cheng Bing-Ming , Ogilvie J. F.
Published: May 2019

Dilute samples of NH3 and ND3 in solid neon near 4 K were irradiated at 200 or 173 or 143 nm with light from a synchrotron. We recorded emission spectra of atomic N, involving states 4So, 2Po and 2Do, and of molecular N2, involving states X 1Σg+, A 3Σu+, B 3Πg and C 3Πu in systems with vibrational progressions in the lower states. The emission spectra covered the near-ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared regions from 200 to 1100 nm; the far-ultraviolet absorption spectrum for the precursor NH3 in solid neon was also measured. Recorded for samples in darkness after irradiation at 143 nm during warming from ∼5 K to ∼8 K, thermoluminescent spectra consisted mostly of lines emitted by molecular N2. The analysis of these spectra, and their temporal development, provides information about the nature of dissociative and trapping processes in solid neon under cryogenic conditions involving monochromatic synchrotron radiation.
Nuclear trafficking dynamics of Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7), a switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelling complex subunit, in porcine oocytes and cleavage-stage embryos
Authors: Crodian Jennifer S. , Weldon Bethany M. , Tseng Yu-Chun , Cabot Birgit , Cabot Ryan
Published: May 2019

In the work presented here, we investigated how bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7), a subunit associated with switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelling complexes, is trafficked between cellular compartments during embryo development. SWI/SNF complexes are multi-subunit complexes that contain a core catalytic subunit (SWI/SNF related, Matrix associated, Actin dependent Regulator of Chromatin, subfamily A, member 4, or member 2; SMARCA4 or SMARCA2) and a collection of additional subunits that guide the complexes to their appropriate loci; BRD7 is one of these additional subunits. We hypothesised that BRD7 is exported from the nuclei of porcine oocytes and embryos in a Chromosome Region Maintenance 1 (CRM1)-dependent manner and imported into the nuclei using the karyopherin α/β1 heterodimer. Porcine oocytes and embryos were treated with inhibitors of CRM1-mediated nuclear export and karyopherin α/β1-mediated nuclear import to test this hypothesis. An RNA interference assay and a dominant negative overexpression assay were also performed to determine if karyopherin α7 serves a specific role in BRD7 trafficking. Our findings indicate that BRD7 shuttles between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments during cleavage development. The shuttling of BRD7 indicates that it serves a unique role in remodelling chromatin during this developmental window.
Recrystallized cube grains in an Al–Mg–Si alloy dependent on prior cold rolling
Authors: Falkinger Georg , Regl Katharina , Mitsche Stefan
Published: May 2019

This paper reports on the experimental investigation of an industrial Al–Mg–Si alloy, which was subjected to different cold rolling reductions and subsequently solution annealed. Based on large-scale electron backscatter detection (EBSD) measurements, it provides an analysis of the area fraction, size and number density of cube grains in the fully recrystallized microstructure. The area fraction and number density of recrystallized cube grains increase continuously with increasing strain, but the cube grain size equals the average grain size independent of prior strain. The recrystallization advantage of cube grains decreases rapidly with increasing misorientation from the ideal cube component. The technological relevance of this misorientation dependence and its possible micro-mechanical origins are discussed.
Absorption of lead (Pb) by Codiaeum variegatum plants in different Surabaya protocol roads: a preliminary research
Authors: Agustin R E , Hamidah
Published: May 2019

Increasing the number of motor vehicles in urban areas raises its own problems for the enviromental. One of them is the increasing air pollution caused by Pb emission. Puring (Codiaeum variegatum), is a plant that serves as an ornamental plant along the Surabaya major arterial road. This study aims to determine the ability of puring (Codiaeum variegatum) in absorbing Pb in Surabaya protocol road. The sample of the research was taken from two different places on Jl. A. Yani and area of Campus C Unair. The samples were collected up to 10 gram using randomize sampling. Sample collected from leaf of puring (Codiaeum variegatum) used as research material. The content of Pb in puring (Codiaeum variegatum) was tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery (AAS) method. The result of the study is content Pb differences in protocol road solid vehicle with a quiet street. The conclusion that puring (Codiaeum variegatum) has potential as Pb emission reduction plant in Surabaya city protocol road.
Prediction of water pollution in Kali Surabaya river segment Karangpilang-Ngagel using stella model
Authors: Putri F A , Karnaningroem N
Published: May 2019

Kali Surabaya River is one of the river in Surabaya that use as the water source of PDAM Surabaya. Moreover, Kali Surabaya River takes an important role of society, industry, agriculture and economic commerce in its surrounding area. The increasing of industry and domestic waste that dispose to Kali Surabaya River, causing the degradation of its water quality. From parameters DO, BOD, and COD of Kali Surabaya River, we can look for relation and mutual attachment to determine the class of water body of Kali Surabaya. The method that use in this case is system dynamics using Stella Model. The purpose of this modelling is to identify and determine the relation of DO, BOD and COD value that contains in Kali Surabaya river segment Karangpilang-Ngagel Surabaya, and to determine the class of water body of Kali Surabaya River segment Karangpilang-Ngagel using dynamic system method. The result of this modelling is prediction of DO parameter value that decreasing in 2018 at all three segments. In December 2018, concentration of DO in segment 1 is 3.79 mg/L; in segment 2 is 4.34 mg/L and in segment 3 is 3.72 mg/L. According to the prediction result from this model, DO value at all segments in November and December is still exceed the standard value of class II river standard, which is 4 mg/L. In the other hand, in January until October DO value at all segments is under the standard of class II river standard. The average DO value of Kali Surabaya River in 2018 is in the range of 3.72-4.9 mg/L.
Use of biogas from tofu industry for domestic use at Probolinggo City - Indonesia
Authors: Gemardi A , Hidayat T , Fitriani N , Soedjono E S
Published: May 2019

Tofu industries produce by product of whey which is still rich in organic content. Tofu industry of using soy bean of 1400 – 1600 kg/day produces 25 m3 of wastewater per day of 6321 mg COD/liter. This high content of COD and volume of wastewater instead of potential pollution could be transformed into biogas and used by local communities for domestic purposes like alternative energy for cooking. This study is aimed to assess the possibility of using wastewater from tofu industry by local communities for cooking. Asri Tofu Industry with such typical production of wastewater was assessed to treat its wastewater while the by-product of biogas would be used by local communities for cooking. About 38 m3 biogas per day could be produced per day and can be used by at least 117 houses in the nearby factories not far from 300 m from the factory. The use of biogas would reduce local community expenses to buy LPG and woods for cooking.
Drought adaptation level of maize genotypes based on leaf rolling, temperature, relative moisture content, and grain yield parameters
Authors: Effendi R , Priyanto S B , Aqil M , Azrai M
Published: May 2019

The adaptation level among maize genotypes under drought stress is strongly affected by morphology and physiology aspects. To assess the adaptation level of maize hybrids to drought weight, an experiment was conducted in the dry season of 2016 (June to September) at Maros Experimental Station. A total of 70 maize hybrids candidates were evaluated under drought stress at generative (flowering stage) until physiological maturity. The results indicated that leaf rolling scores were negatively correlated with grain yield under drought stress conditions. The hybrid 26/B11209 and P 31 that experienced early leaf moving and a higher leaf rolling score ranged from 4.3, and 3.9 had grain yield of only 1.3 t/ha and 1.2 t/ha respectively, lower compared to the hybrid 34/Mal 03 and Bisi 18 that experienced a delayed leaf rolling and lower leaf rolling score (<2.5) with yields of 4.3 t/ha and 3.9 t/ha respectively. The hybrids 34/Mal 03 and Bisi18 had mechanisms to reduce the area of leaves affected by radiation and maintain relatively higher leaf moisture content compared to hybrids 26 / B11209 and P 31. Leaf relative moisture content of hybrid maize 34/Mal 03 and Bisi 18 were higher viz., 79.9% and 78.7% respectively and lower leaf temperatures (39.4-39.8 °C) as compared to hybrids 26 / B11209 and P 31. The effective score assessment time of leaf rolling of the hybrid genotypes was when the whole hybrid genotypes experienced leaf rolling with ±50% genotype had leaf rolling scored 2 and ±50% of other genotypes scored 3.
Test and Selection of Adaptive M6 Wheat Mutants Lines in the Jeneponto Lowland
Authors: Farid M , Nasaruddin  , Musa Y , Iswoyo H , Ridwan I
Published: May 2019

The study aimed to test the lines of mutant 6 populations (M6), the formation of populations for a subsequent generation to M8 mutants, family formation through adaptive genotype (mutant) selection at low altitudes at high temperatures in the dry and rainy seasons, adaptation tests, stability, and multi-location. The benefits of the study are obtaining potential lines from wheat mutants that are adaptive at high temperatures in the lowlands. This research was carried out in Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi from July to October 2018. The study was in the form of a trial using a randomized block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of twenty wheat genotypes, namely: g1 (M 1.7.1), g2 (N.350 3.6.2), g3 (N.250 4.2.1), g4 (N.350 3.1.3), g5 ( N.350 3. 2.2), g6 (N.250 45.2), g7 (N.350 3.1.4), g8 (N.250 4.6.2), g9 (N.350 3.8.9), g10 (N. 250 4.4.2), g11 (N.350 3.5.10, g13 (N.200 2.4.B.6), g12 (S. 8.4.2), g14 (N.200 2.5.2), g15 (N. 200 2.3.3), and g16 (N.300 4.3.6), and 4 comparison varieties, namely g17 (Dewata), g18 (Selayar), g19 (Nias), and g20 (Munal). Parameters observed for plant height, length of panicle, number of seeds, seed weight per panicle and production The results showed that the M6 wheat mutant lines genotypes adaptive to lowland and had production > 1.6 g.clump-1 namely genotype N.200 2.4.B.6 (2.12 g.clump-1), N.250 4.2.1 (1.87 g.clump-1), N.350 3.1.3 (1.73 g.clump-1) and g7 (N.350 3.1.4) (1.72 g.clump-1). Characters with broad genetic diversity coefficient and high heritability were the number of seeds per panicle, seed weight per panicle, and production.