bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two shell- and wing-shaped supernova remnants
Authors: Arias Maria , Zhou Ping , Chiotellis Alexandros , De Breuck Carlos , Domček Vladimir , Boumis Panayotis , Vink Jacco , Derlopa Sophia , Akras Stavros
Published: February 2024

Supernova remnants (SNRs) are profoundly affected by their ambient medium. In particular, SNRs with a mixed morphology (characterised by a shell-like radio morphology and centrally filled X-ray emission) are thought to be the result of the interaction of a supernova explosion with a dense environment. In this work, we present carbon monoxide (CO) observations around two mixed morphology SNRs, VRO 42.05.01 and G 350.0-2.0, that look remarkably similar in continuum radio emission, showing what we refer to as a shell and wing shape. It has been proposed that the shell and wing shape is the result of environmental effects, in the form of a sharp density gradient or discontinuity. Therefore, our motivation for studying these two sources jointly is that if the dense molecular environment causes the development of these sources’ shell and wing shape, then these two sources’ environments must be similar. This is contrary to what we observe. In the case of VRO 42.05.01, we have found direct evidence of an interaction with its molecular environment, in the form of broadened 12CO line profiles, high 12CO (J = 2−1) to 12CO (J = 1−0) line ratios, and arc features in position-velocity space. We interpret some of these features to be associated with the SNR shock, and some of them to be due to the presence of a pre-supernova stellar wind. We have found no such features in the abundant molecular gas surrounding G 350.02.0. In addition to the spectral line analysis, we have used radio continuum data to make a spectral index map of G 350.0-2.0, and we see that the radio spectrum of G 350.0-2.0 steepens significantly at frequencies <200 MHz, much like that of VRO 42.05.01. In spite of their spectral and morphological similarities, these two sources look substantially different in their observed optical and infrared emission. The lack of large-scale correspondence between the radio continuum and the molecular material, in either case, as well as the differences in the excitation and morphological properties of the molecular gas surrounding both sources, lead us to conclude that the shell and wing morphology of these two sources is not due to interactions with a similar ambient molecular interstellar medium.
SMART: Special-shaped Micro-lens Aimer for Real-time Targeting of multi-object telescopes
Authors: Wang Anzhi , Wang Jiabin , Gan Zhaoxv , Yang Xingyu , Yan Yunxiang , Wang Shengjia , Yan Qi , Geng Tao , Wang Pengfei , Chen Shuang , Sun Weimin
Published: February 2024

In the process of acquiring astronomical spectral data, the alignment accuracy between the fiber core in the focal plane and the image of the target star is crucial for multi-target telescopes. This work presents a Special-shaped Micro-lens Aimer for Real-time Targeting (SMART), which combines a special-shaped microlens and a fiber bundle to carry out online alignments and improve the injection efficiency of the fiber. The special-shaped microlens consists of a central plate and six side microlenses. The central plate transfers the signal to the science fiber without focal ratio degradation. The side microlenses focus the leakage light to the feedback fibers and return a misalignment signal. The experiment in the laboratory indicates that the SMART-T system can visually demonstrate the recognition of offsets. The SMART-P system is able to realize the alignment for a variety of seeing cases. Under the condition that the diameter of turbulent star image is 0.2 mm, the corrected injection efficiency is improved to 99.7% of the best injection efficiency of the science fiber. The re-centering accuracy is 0.01 mm.
Noema formIng Cluster survEy (NICE): Discovery of a starbursting galaxy group with a radio-luminous core at z = 3.95
Authors: Zhou L. , Wang T. , Daddi E. , Coogan R. , Sun H. , Xu K. , Arumugam V. , Jin S. , Liu D. , Lu S. , Sillassen N. , Wang Y. , Shi Y. , Zhang Z. , Tan Q. , Gu Q. , Elbaz D. , Le Bail A. , Magnelli B. , Gómez-Guijarro C. , d’Eugenio C. , Magdis G. , Valentino F. , Ji Z. , Gobat R. , Delvecchio I. , Xiao M. , Strazzullo V. , Finoguenov A. , Schinnerer E. , Rich R. M. , Huang J. , Dai Y. , Chen Y. , Gao F. , Yang T. , Hao Q.
Published: February 2024

The study of distant galaxy groups and clusters at the peak epoch of star formation is limited by the lack of a statistically and homogeneously selected and spectroscopically confirmed sample. Recent discoveries of concentrated starburst activities in cluster cores have opened a new window to hunt for these structures based on their integrated IR luminosities. Here, we carry out a large NOEMA (NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array) program targeting a statistical sample of infrared-luminous sources associated with overdensities of massive galaxies at z > 2, the Noema formIng Cluster survEy (NICE). We present the first result from the ongoing NICE survey, a compact group at z = 3.95 in the Lockman Hole field (LH-SBC3), confirmed via four massive (M⋆ ≳ 1010.5 M⊙) galaxies detected in the CO(4–3) and [CI](1–0) lines. The four CO-detected members of LH-SBC3 are distributed over a 180 kpc physical scale and the entire structure has an estimated halo mass of ∼1013 M⊙ and total star formation rate of ∼4000 M⊙ yr−1. In addition, the most massive galaxy hosts a radio-loud active galactic nucleus with L1.4 GHz, rest = 3.0 × 1025 W Hz−1. The discovery of LH-SBC3 demonstrates the feasibility of our method to efficiently identify high-z compact groups or cluster cores undergoing formation. The existence of these starbursting cluster cores up to z ∼ 4 provides critical insights into the mass assembly history of the central massive galaxies in clusters.
The miniJPAS survey: Maximising the photo-z accuracy from multi-survey datasets with probability conflation
Authors: Hernán-Caballero A. , Akhlaghi M. , López-Sanjuan C. , Vázquez Ramió H. , Laur J. , Varela J. , Civera T. , Muniesa D. , Finoguenov A. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , Domínguez Sánchez H. , Chaves-Montero J. , Fernández-Soto A. , Lumbreras-Calle A. , Díaz-García L. A. , del Pino A. , González Delgado R. M. , Hernández-Monteagudo C. , Coelho P. , Jiménez-Teja Y. , Lopes P. A. A. , Marra V. , Tempel E. , Vílchez J. M. , Abramo R. , Alcaniz J. , Benítez N. , Bonoli S. , Carneiro S. , Cenarro J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Dupke R. , Ederoclite A. , Marín-Franch A. , Mendes de Oliveira C. , Moles M. , Sodré L. , Taylor K.
Published: February 2024

We present a new method for obtaining photometric redshifts (photo-z) for sources observed by multiple photometric surveys using a combination (conflation) of the redshift probability distributions (PDZs) obtained independently from each survey. The conflation of the PDZs has several advantages over the usual method of modelling all the photometry together, including the modularity, speed, and accuracy of the results. Using a sample of galaxies with narrow-band photometry in 56 bands from J-PAS and deeper grίzy photometry from the Hyper-SuprimeCam Subaru Strategic program (HSC-SSP), we show that PDZ conflation significantly improves photo-z accuracy compared to fitting all the photometry or using a weighted average of point estimates. The improvement over J-PAS alone is particularly strong for i≳22 sources, which have low signal-to-noise ratios in the J-PAS bands. For the entire i<22.5 sample, we obtain a 64% (45%) increase in the number of sources with redshift errors |Δz|<0.003, a factor of 3.3 (1.9) decrease in the normalised median absolute deviation of the errors (σNMAD), and a factor of 3.2 (1.3) decrease in the outlier rate (η) compared to J-PAS (HSC-SSP) alone. The photo-z accuracy gains from combining the PDZs of J-PAS with a deeper broad-band survey such as HSC-SSP are equivalent to increasing the depth of J-PAS observations by ~ 1.2–1.5 mag. These results demonstrate the potential of PDZ conflation and highlight the importance of including the full PDZs in photo-z catalogues.
Variation of the electron flux spectrum along a solar flare loop as inferred from STIX hard X-ray observations
Authors: Volpara Anna , Massa Paolo , Krucker Säm , Gordon Emslie A. , Piana Michele , Maria Massone Anna
Published: February 2024

Context. Regularized imaging spectroscopy was introduced for the construction of electron flux images at different energies from count visibilities recorded by the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). In this work we seek to extend this approach to data from the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) on board the Solar Orbiter mission.

Aims. Our aims are to demonstrate the feasibility of regularized imaging spectroscopy as a method for analysis of STIX data, and also to show how such an analysis can lead to insights into the physical processes affecting the nonthermal electrons responsible for the hard X-ray emission observed by STIX.

Methods. STIX records imaging data in an intrinsically different manner from RHESSI. Rather than sweeping the angular frequency plane in a set of concentric circles (one circle per detector), STIX uses 30 collimators, each corresponding to a specific angular frequency. For this work, we derived an appropriate modification to the previous computational approach for the analysis of the visibilities observed by STIX. This approach also allows for the observed count data to be placed into nonuniformly spaced energy bins.

Results. We show that the regularized imaging spectroscopy approach is not only feasible for an analysis of the visibilities observed by STIX, but also more reliable. The application of the regularized imaging spectroscopy technique to several well-observed flares reveals details of the variation of the electron flux spectrum throughout the flare sources.

Conclusions. We conclude that the visibility-based regularized imaging spectroscopy approach is well suited for the analysis of STIX data. We also used STIX electron flux spectral images to track, for the first time, the behavior of the accelerated electrons during their path from the acceleration site in the solar corona toward the chromosphere.
Study of solar brightness profiles in the 18–26 GHz frequency range with INAF radio telescopes
Authors: Marongiu M. , Pellizzoni A. , Righini S. , Mulas S. , Nesti R. , Burtovoi A. , Romoli M. , Serra G. , Valente G. , Egron E. , Murtas G. , Iacolina M. N. , Melis A. , Guglielmino S. L. , Loru S. , Zucca P. , Zanichelli A. , Bachetti M. , Bemporad A. , Buffa F. , Concu R. , Deiana G. L. , Karakotia C. , Ladu A. , Maccaferri A. , Marongiu P. , Messerotti M. , Navarrini A. , Orfei A. , Ortu P. , Pili M. , Pisanu T. , Pupillo G. , Romano P. , Saba A. , Schirru L. , Tiburzi C. , Abbo L. , Frassati F. , Giarrusso M. , Jerse G. , Landini F. , Pancrazzi M. , Russano G. , Sasso C. , Susino R.
Published: February 2024

Context. One of the most important objectives of solar physics is to gain a physical understanding of the solar atmosphere, whose structure can also be described in terms of the density (N) and temperature (T) distributions of the atmospheric matter. Several multi-frequency analyses have shown that the characteristics of these distributions are still under debate, especially for outer coronal emission.

Aims. We aim to constrain the T and N distributions of the solar atmosphere through observations in the centimetric radio domain. We employed single-dish observations from two of the INAF radio telescopes at the K-band frequencies (18–26 GHz). We investigated the origin of the significant brightness temperature (TB) detected up to the upper corona (at an altitude of ∼800 Mm with respect to the photospheric solar surface).

Methods. To probe the physical origin of the atmospheric emission and to constrain instrumental biases, we reproduced the solar signal by convolving specific 2D antenna beam models. We performed an analysis of the solar atmosphere by adopting a physical model that assumes the thermal bremsstrahlung as the emission mechanism, with specific T and N distributions. We compared the modelled TB profiles with those observed by averaging solar maps obtained at 18.3 and 25.8 GHz during the minimum of solar activity (2018–2020).

Results. We probed any possible discrepancies between the T and N distributions assumed from the model and those derived from our measurements. The T and N distributions are compatible (within a 25% of uncertainty) with the model up to ∼60 Mm and ∼100 Mm in altitude, respectively.

Conclusions. Our analysis of the role of the antenna beam pattern on our solar maps proves the physical nature of the atmospheric emission in our images up to the coronal tails seen in our TB profiles. Our results suggest that the modelled T and N distributions are in good agreement (within 25% of uncertainty) with our solar maps up to altitudes of ≲100 Mm. A subsequent, more challenging analysis of the coronal radio emission at higher altitudes, together with the data from satellite instruments, will require further multi-frequency measurements.
Heavy black hole seed formation in high-z atomic cooling halos
Authors: Prole Lewis R. , Regan John A. , Glover Simon C. O. , Klessen Ralf S. , Priestley Felix D. , Clark Paul C.
Published: February 2024

Context. Halos with masses in excess of the atomic limit are believed to be ideal environments in which to form heavy black hole seeds with masses above 103 M⊙. In cases where the H2 fraction is suppressed, this is expected to lead to reduced fragmentation of the gas and the generation of a top-heavy initial mass function. In extreme cases this can result in the formation of massive black hole seeds. Resolving the initial fragmentation scale and the resulting protostellar masses has, until now, not been robustly tested.

Aims. We run zoom-in simulations of atomically cooled halos in which the formation of H2 is suppressed to assess whether they can truly resist fragmentation at high densities and tilt the initial mass function towards a more top-heavy form and the formation of massive black hole seeds.

Methods. Cosmological simulations were performed with the moving mesh code AREPO, using a primordial chemistry network until z ∼ 11. Three haloes with masses in excess of the atomic cooling mass were then selected for detailed examination via zoom-ins. A series of zoom-in simulations, with varying levels of maximum spatial resolution, captured the resulting fragmentation and formation of metal-free stars using the sink particle technique. The highest resolution simulations resolved densities up to 10−6 g cm−3 (1018 cm−3) and captured a further 100 yr of fragmentation behaviour at the centre of the halo. Lower resolution simulations were then used to model the future accretion behaviour of the sinks over longer timescales.

Results. Our simulations show intense fragmentation in the central region of the halos, leading to a large number of near-solar mass protostars. Even in the presence of a super-critical Lyman-Werner radiation field (JLW > 105J21), H2 continues to form within the inner ∼2000 au of the halo. Despite the increased fragmentation, the halos produce a protostellar mass spectrum that peaks at higher masses relative to standard Population III star-forming halos. The most massive protostars have accretion rates of 10−3–10−1 M⊙ yr−1 after the first 100 years of evolution, while the total mass of the central region grows at 1 M⊙ yr−1. Lower resolution zoom-ins show that the total mass of the system continues to accrete at ∼1 M⊙ yr−1 for at least 104 yr, although how this mass is distributed amongst the rapidly growing number of protostars is unclear. However, assuming that a fraction of stars can continue to accrete rapidly, the formation of a sub-population of stars with masses in excess of 103 M⊙ is likely in these halos. In the most optimistic case, we predict the formation of heavy black hole seeds with masses in excess of 104 M⊙, assuming an accretion behaviour in line with expectations from super-competitive accretion and/or frequent mergers with secondary protostars.
The first degree-scale starlight-polarization-based tomography map of the magnetized interstellar medium
Authors: Pelgrims V. , Mandarakas N. , Skalidis R. , Tassis K. , Panopoulou G. V. , Pavlidou V. , Blinov D. , Kiehlmann S. , Clark S. E. , Hensley B. S. , Romanopoulos S. , Basyrov A. , Eriksen H. K. , Falalaki M. , Ghosh T. , Gjerløw E. , Kypriotakis J. A. , Maharana S. , Papadaki A. , Pearson T. J. , Potter S. B. , Ramaprakash A. N. , Readhead A. C. S. , Wehus I. K.
Published: February 2024

We present the first degree-scale tomography map of the dusty magnetized interstellar medium (ISM) from stellar polarimetry and distance measurements. We used the RoboPol polarimeter at Skinakas Observatory to conduct a survey of the polarization of starlight in a region of the sky of about four square degrees. We propose a Bayesian method to decompose the stellar-polarization source field along the distance to invert the three-dimensional (3D) volume occupied by the observed stars. We used this method to obtain the first 3D map of the dusty magnetized ISM. Specifically, we produced a tomography map of the orientation of the plane-of-sky component of the magnetic field threading the diffuse, dusty regions responsible for the stellar polarization. For the targeted region centered on Galactic coordinates (l, b) ≈ (103.3°, 22.3°), we identified several ISM clouds. Most of the lines of sight intersect more than one cloud. A very nearby component was detected in the foreground of a dominant component from which most of the polarization signal comes and which we identified as being an intersection of the wall of the Local Bubble and the Cepheus Flare. Farther clouds, with a distance of up to 2 kpc, were similarly detected. Some of them likely correspond to intermediate-velocity clouds seen in H I spectra in this region of the sky. We found that the orientation of the plane-of-sky component of the magnetic field changes along distance for most of the lines of sight. Our study demonstrates that starlight polarization data coupled to distance measures have the power to reveal the great complexity of the dusty magnetized ISM in 3D and, in particular, to provide local measurements of the plane-of-sky component of the magnetic field in dusty regions. This demonstrates that the inversion of large data volumes, as expected from the PASIPHAE survey, will provide the necessary means to move forward in the modeling of the Galactic magnetic field and of the dusty magnetized ISM as a contaminant in observations of the cosmic microwave background polarization.
A Study of Splitskin Donor Area Healing
Authors: Sharma R. N. , Husain M. T.
Published: February 2024

53 donor areas have been studied, and the role of depth of the wound, postoperative soakage, infection, immobilisation, instrument used for cutting the graft, and the closed, and exposure methods of management has been assessed, the results have been discussed and compared with available literature.
A Rational Approach to Repair of Unilateral Cleft Lip
Authors: Sawhney Chander Parkash
Published: February 2024

Techniques of unilateral cleft lip have been critically analysed and fundamentals of repair stressed. A simplified design for repair with exact measurements has been presented.
Idiopathic Hypertrophy of the Masseter Muscle
Authors: Rawat S. S. , Sharma Kamla
Published: February 2024

A short summary of the literature on masseter hypertrophy has been given along with the findings from our own series of eight cases. The salient features of our findings are that the condition is perhaps related to some type of work hypertrophy, in our cases bitel-nut chewing; that only for marked cosmetic deformity is surgical interference indicated; we prefer the extraoral appre ach with excision of the external portion of the muscle, which may be combined with excision of the hyperostotic bone where necessary; ordinary histological examination does not reveal any changes in the muscle histology but special technique like silver staining could help. Radiology of the mandible shows definite changes in the form of abnormal bone growth at the mandibular angle and reduction in the angulation of the angle from an average of 120° to an average 90°.
Mid-dermis Grafting—A Clinical Study
Authors: Mehdiratta N. K. , Sharma R. N. , Chandra R.
Published: February 2024

Twenty two patients requiring skin coverage were subjected to mid-dermis grafting. Thirty one mid-dermis grafts were applied and all the patients had simultaneous controls provided by split skin grafts. Take up of grafts was reasonably good. Mid-dermis grafts were permanent, and more stable then split skin. The greatest advantage lay in doubling the donor site potential.
Indian Classification of Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Balakrishnan C.
Published: February 2024

The common failings of conventional methods of repair of the bilateral cleft lip are briefly enumerated. Millard's two st muscle suture operation overcomes most of these shortcomings and is recommended. The basic premises on which the method is based are mentioned and the method described with the aid of diagrams.
Effect of Zinc Sulfate on Tensile Strength of Incised Wounds: An Experimental Study
Authors: Gupta M. , Khanna S. K. , Jaint T. C. , Prasad P.
Published: February 2024

To evaluate the effect of oral administration of zinc sulfate on tensile strength of incised wounds experiments were conducted on 50 albino rats. The results have been discussed and the difference between the methodology of the przsent work and the reported literature pointed out.
Congenital Atresio Vagina
Authors: Narula R. K. , Mehdirattra N. K. , Tiwaris K.
Published: February 2024

Mcindoe's method of vaginal reconstruction is simple.

Instead of using hard vaginel mould foam form is suggested.

Common complications like contraction of cavity, hypergranulation tissue, V.V.F., R.V.F. etc. could be avoided.
Direct Pedicle Skin Flap to Weight Bearing Areas of Foot
Authors: Thind Rajinder Singh , Ajaipal Singh
Published: February 2024

Ninety two cases of skinloss on the weigh-bearing areas of the foot where direct pedicle flap has been provided are presented. Advantages of direct pedicle flap over skin graft and other flaps in such situations are described.

Some requirements in planning and executioning of these direct flaps to foot are detailed with special emphasis on extension of the flap where it is needed.

The various donor sites used for covering these defects are mentioned with the factors necessitating their use.

The follow-up for a period varying from 6 months to 12 years has been done.
Transposition, generationality, and trauma: From psychoanalytic Holocaust studies to post-mnemonic cultures
Authors: Zolkos Magdalena
Published: February 2024

The concept of transposition, initially linked to the study of affective transmission of trauma across generations, has not progressed far beyond psychoanalytic Holocaust studies, and its broader cultural implications remain underexplored. Through its presentation and appraisal, I make an argument for the critical and epistemic potential of transposition, both recognizing and moving beyond the specific framework of its original articulation, namely the clinical psychoanalytic work with children of Holocaust survivors in the 1970s and 1980s. First, I outline the trajectories of the emergence of the concept, focussing on the work of Judith Kestenberg. I contextualize transposition in relation to the psychoanalytic nexus of trauma and mourning, particularly regarding the effects of what Alexander Mitscherlich and Marguerite Mitscherlich called “the inability to mourn”. I then discuss how, while contemporary trauma discourses have paid little attention to transposition, this concept has been revived in studies of postmemory. Through a close reading of the novel The White Book by contemporary South Korean writer Han Kang, I conclude that the shift of transposition from a clinical notion to a cultural and literary idiom of cross-generational mnemonic legacies marks a significant discursive change, and it paves the way for a broader interrogation of the psychosocial costs of traumatic remembrance.
Patient demographics and psychotropic medication prescribing in Australian general practices: pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Kamalakkannan Abbish , Thomas Judith , Sezgin Gorkem , Hardie Rae-Anne , Pont Lisa , McGuire Precious , Pearce Christopher , Georgiou Andrew
Published: February 2024

Introduction Mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in the adult population significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rates of prescribing psychotropic medications in adults during the COVID-19 period have not been well explored. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the association between demographic characteristics and rates of prescribing psychotropic medications to general practice patients during 2018–2022. Methods A total of 154 528 general practice patients aged 20 years and above were included in the study. A mixed effects negative binomial regression model was employed and incidence risk ratios (IRRs) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) are presented to measure the association of demographic characteristics with rates of prescribing psychotropic medication. Results Over half (56.2%) of study subjects were female and 41.4% were aged between 20 and 39 years. Males had lower prescribing rates of antidepressants (IRR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.97) and hypnotics and sedatives (IRR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99) than females. People in the age group 60+ years (compared with age group 20–39 years) and those in low and middle socio-economic status (SES) categories (compared with high SES) had higher rates of prescribing psychotropic medication. Conclusion Females, people aged 60+ years, and people with low and middle SES had higher prescribing rates of psychotropic medication. A consistent increase in prescribing rates over time, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, was observed. It is important that health care planners and policy makers monitor and account for population diversity and equity.
The semantics of the polysemic Amharic wordfit‘face’
Authors: Menete Sérgio N. , Jiang Guiying
Published: February 2024

This study examines the figurative conceptualization of the polysemic Amharic wordfit‘face.’ Based primarily on the “lexical approach,” the study shows how the meaning of “face” extends metaphorically and metonymically to such abstract concepts as time, emotions, and the intellect. Most of the face-related words in Amharic are also found in other languages, though cross-linguistic differences also exist. In the comparative study of body-part terms, a new approach is proposed, the “encompassing approach,” which claims that the contrastive study of body-part terms cannot be confined to a single term. Rather, it needs to consider the potential association between individual parts and specific cognitive processes. Once these processes are considered, the cross-linguistic variations between related body-part terms become marginal. We conclude that the (near)-universal status of body parts cannot be measured by examining the explicit use of a given part only.
Making or breaking the case for a plain face – Is human perception of canine facial expressivity influenced by physical appearance?
Authors: Sexton C.L. , Buckley C. , Sen M. , Subiaul F. , Hecht E.E. , Bradley B.J.
Published: February 2024

Facial communication is important in both human-human interactions and human-dog interactions. Individual factors, such as experience, relationship history, and mood, to name a few, influence the reception of facial signals/expressions. But superficial facial features are also significant in human communication, and likely impact communication between dogs and humans. For example, humans are better at evaluating the frequency and intensity of facial expressions in dogs that have plainer faces, if the dog is familiar to them, which could be related to a preference for non-complexity (human faces are generally much less physically diverse than dog faces). This study explored the effect of the physical complexity of dog and human faces on the perceived expressiveness of neutral-faced, unknown individuals of both species. Results indicate that when looking at static images of unknown dogs and humans, facial complexity has minimal impact on how expressive people perceive them to be. However, dogs are consistently ranked as more expressive than humans, and people who live with dogs tend to rank neutral-face dogs of all facial complexity levels as more expressive compared to the rankings of humans who do not live with dogs – which we hypothesize may be the result of a desire/tendency of dog owners to “read meaning” into dog faces.
Estimation of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in all-metallic multilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Ankan , Maji Saikat , Kayal Soubhik , Huilgol Ninad Hemant , Kumar P S Anil
Published: February 2024

The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (iDMI) interaction which arises at the interface between a heavy metal (HM) and a ferromagnet (FM) can stabilize chiral Néel type domain walls in ultrathin perpendicularly magnetized multilayers. Dissimilar HMs are required on both bottom and top sides of the FM layer in order to introduce the structural inversion asymmetry which ensures an effective iDMI in the FM layer. HMs like Pt, Ir, Ta etc are very well known for developing large iDMI in the interface with Co, whereas noble metals like Au can produce negligible iDMI. Therefore, a multilayer Pt/Co/Au is chosen to determine the individual iDMI in the Pt/Co interface. Some procedures like field-induced domain wall motion study, spin–orbit torque efficiency estimation study are well established to quantify the effective field due to the iDMI (HDMI) which in turn gives the strength of the iDMI (Deff). Besides these procedures, a current-induced switching of magnetization was studied to construct a switching phase diagram where the critical current density of magnetization switching has been plotted as a function of the applied in-plane magnetic field. The experimentally constructed diagram and the simulated diagram using a micromagnetic study have revealed the possibility to quantifyHDMI. Thus, a systematic and unified estimation ofDeffhas been done on all-metallic Ta/Pt/Co/Au multilayers.
Plasmonic hybridized modes empowered by strong plasmon interaction in the nanograting-dielectric-metal stacked structure
Authors: Wei Xinran , Liang Yuzhang , Zheng Yiding , Kuang Kaili , Wang Qiao , Han Yi , Yang Cheng , Fang Yurui , Peng Wei
Published: February 2024

The coupling between surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and waveguide (WG) modes has been widely investigated by using prism-coupled structures and has demonstrated a large number of interesting physical phenomena. However, these conventional structures mainly rely on the angle-dependent total internal reflection excitation. This is not conducive to their further development due to the large volume and the requirement of oblique incidence. In this paper, we theoretically propose a three-layer nanograting-dielectric-metal (NDM) plasmonic structure. Within this structure, a thickness-dependent plasmonic WG (PWG) mode in the middle dielectric cavity strongly couples with SPPs on the top surface, resulting in two new hybridized PWG-SPPs modes. This hybridization coupling phenomenon is analyzed in detail by using plasmonic hybridization and two coupled oscillator models. Besides, a thorough investigation is conducted on the sensing performance of these two PWG-SPPs hybridized modes. The difference in sensing characteristics between these two hybridized modes can be well explained by their coupling strength variation. This NDM plasmonic nanostructure owns unparalleled advantages in the generation and modulation of a variety of new modes, effectively promoting the development of miniaturized optoelectronic devices.
Structural and magnetic studies of the frustrated S = 1 kagome magnet NH4Ni2Mo2O10H3
Authors: Connolly E T , Wardell J , Boldrin D , Tang C C , Wills A S
Published: February 2024

The strong geometric frustration of the kagome antiferromagnets (KAFMs) can destabilise conventional magnetic order and lead to exotic electronic states, such as the quantum spin-liquid state observed in some

S
=

1
2

KAFM materials. However, the ground state of S = 1 KAFM systems are less well understood. Spin nematic phases and valence bond solid ground states have been predicted to form but a paucity of experimental realisations restricts understanding. Here, the S = 1 KAFM NH4Ni2Mo2O10H3 is presented, which has the 3-fold symmetry of the kagome lattice but significant site depletion, with

∼

64
%

site occupancy. Frustration and a competition between exchange interactions are evidenced through the suppression of order below the Weiss temperature

|

θ

W

|

and observation of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic characteristics in the magnetisation data. A semi spin glass ground state is predicted based on the ac-field frequency dependence of the magnetic transition and ferromagnetic signal.
Giant magnetoresistance resulting from superzone gap in spin-frustrated rare-earth-based aluminide: DyFe2Al10
Authors: Pal Koustav , Dey Suman , Das I
Published: February 2024

The magnetic properties of orthorhombic aluminides have recently been the subject of investigation, revealing several intriguing phenomena within this class of materials. However, the exploration of their magnetic and electrical transport phenomena has remained somewhat limited. In this study, we delve into the magnetic and electrical transport characteristics of one such material from that group which is DyFe2Al10 (DFA). Our findings go beyond classifying this material as a simple antiferromagnet; but it posses a short range ferromagnetic ordering apart from helical spin structure of Dy3+. It exhibits a metamagnetic transition and spin glass behavior below its Néel temperature (T
N
). Our analysis of electrical magnetotransport behavior indicates the emergence of an antiferromagnetic superzone gap, resulting in a significant enhancement in magnetoresistance effect. This discovery paves the way for a class of materials with complex interactions and notable magnetoresistance properties.
Titania/graphene nanocomposites from scalable gas-phase synthesis for high-capacity and high-stability sodium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Al-Kamal Ahmed K , Hammad Mohaned , Yusuf Ali Md , Angel Steven , Segets Doris , Schulz Christof , Wiggers Hartmut
Published: February 2024

In sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), TiO2 or sodium titanates are discussed as cost-effective anode material. The use of ultrafine TiO2 particles overcomes the effect of intrinsically low electronic and ionic conductivity that otherwise limits the electrochemical performance and thus its Na-ion storage capacity. Especially, TiO2 nanoparticles integrated in a highly conductive, large surface-area, and stable graphene matrix can achieve an exceptional electrochemical rate performance, durability, and increase in capacity. We report the direct and scalable gas-phase synthesis of TiO2 and graphene and their subsequent self-assembly to produce TiO2/graphene nanocomposites (TiO2/Gr). Transmission electron microscopy shows that the TiO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the graphene nanosheets. TiO2/Gr nanocomposites with graphene loadings of 20 and 30 wt% were tested as anode in SIBs. With the outstanding electronic conductivity enhancement and a synergistic Na-ion storage effect at the interface of TiO2 nanoparticles and graphene, nanocomposites with 30 wt% graphene exhibited particularly good electrochemical performance with a reversible capacity of 281 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, compared to pristine TiO2 nanoparticles (155 mAh g−1). Moreover, the composite showed excellent high-rate performance of 158 mAh g−1 at 20 C and a reversible capacity of 154 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 10 C. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the Na-ion storage is dominated by surface and TiO2/Gr interface processes rather than slow, diffusion-controlled intercalation, explaining its outstanding rate performance. The synthesis route of these high-performing nanocomposites provides a highly promising strategy for the scalable production of advanced nanomaterials for SIBs.
A regularity result for the free boundary compressible Euler equations of a liquid
Authors: Li Linfeng
Published: February 2024

We derive a priori estimates for the compressible free boundary Euler equations in the case of a liquid without surface tension. We provide a new weighted functional framework which leads to the improved regularity of the flow map by using the Hardy inequality. One of main ideas is to decompose the initial density function. It is worth mentioning that in our analysis we do not need the higher order wave equation for the density.
A fast and robust constraint-based online re-optimization approach for automated online adaptive intensity modulated proton therapy in head and neck cancer
Authors: Oud Michelle , Breedveld Sebastiaan , Rojo-Santiago Jesús , Giżyńska Marta Krystyna , Kroesen Michiel , Habraken Steven , Perkó Zoltán , Heijmen Ben , Hoogeman Mischa
Published: February 2024

Objective. In head-and-neck cancer intensity modulated proton therapy, adaptive radiotherapy is currently restricted to offline re-planning, mitigating the effect of slow changes in patient anatomies. Daily online adaptations can potentially improve dosimetry. Here, a new, fully automated online re-optimization strategy is presented. In a retrospective study, this online re-optimization approach was compared to our trigger-based offline re-planning (offlineTB re-planning) schedule, including extensive robustness analyses. Approach. The online re-optimization method employs automated multi-criterial re-optimization, using robust optimization with 1 mm setup-robustness settings (in contrast to 3 mm for offlineTB re-planning). Hard planning constraints and spot addition are used to enforce adequate target coverage, avoid prohibitively large maximum doses and minimize organ-at-risk doses. For 67 repeat-CTs from 15 patients, fraction doses of the two strategies were compared for the CTVs and organs-at-risk. Per repeat-CT, 10.000 fractions with different setup and range robustness settings were simulated using polynomial chaos expansion for fast and accurate dose calculations. Main results. For 14/67 repeat-CTs, offlineTB re-planning resulted in <50% probability of D
98% ≥ 95% of the prescribed dose (D
pres) in one or both CTVs, which never happened with online re-optimization. With offlineTB re-planning, eight repeat-CTs had zero probability of obtaining D
98% ≥ 95%D
pres for CTV7000, while the minimum probability with online re-optimization was 81%. Risks of xerostomia and dysphagia grade ≥ II were reduced by 3.5 ± 1.7 and 3.9 ± 2.8 percentage point [mean ± SD] (p < 10−5 for both). In online re-optimization, adjustment of spot configuration followed by spot-intensity re-optimization took 3.4 min on average. Significance. The fast online re-optimization strategy always prevented substantial losses of target coverage caused by day-to-day anatomical variations, as opposed to the clinical trigger-based offline re-planning schedule. On top of this, online re-optimization could be performed with smaller setup robustness settings, contributing to improved organs-at-risk sparing.
Testing validity of 1D models for impurity fraction scaling for divertor detachment with EDGE2D-EIRENE
Authors: Chankin A V , Corrigan G , Huber A ,   JET Contributors
Published: February 2024

Predictions of the Huber–Chankin (HC) scaling for the upstream impurity fraction were verified in a series of EDGE2D-EIRENE (‘code’) runs for highly radiating plasmas with nitrogen injection. The main quantity extracted from the code was poloidally averaged, from X-point to X-point, separatrix impurity fraction cZ
in the main scrape-off layer (SOL). Variation of the main working gas (H, D and T) revealed a qualitative agreement between the model and code results owing to the very large isotope difference in the predicted cZ
values caused primarily by the inverse isotope mass dependence of the H-mode power threshold assumed in the HC model and implemented in the code. At the same time, the variation of the toroidal field and safety factor in deuterium cases yielded no correlation between the model predictions and code results. The code showed much higher local impurity fractions (fZ
) in the divertor compared to the main SOL, as well as large case-to-case variations in the divertor to the main SOL ratio of impurity fractions. The analysis of code results has wide-ranging consequences not only for the HC model, but also for other similar 1D models which use simple geometry ignoring strong neutral recycling in the divertor/ Different topology makes plasma parameters in the divertor and main SOL very different, resulting in different impurity charge state composition. Missing mechanisms in 1D codes (e.g. friction and thermo-forces exerted on impurity ions by main working gas ions) lead to impurity density redistribution. Neglecting all above factors, 1D models assume a constant impurity fraction along field lines.
Theoretical investigation of the effect of mole fraction on the electronic and optical properties of a binary armchair antimonene−phosphorene nanoribbon
Authors: Allahverdikhani Tayyebe , Barvestani Jamal , Meshginqalam Bahar
Published: February 2024

In this work, the electronic and optical properties of a binary armchair antimonene-phosphorene nanoribbon have been studied with a variation of the P mole fraction by first-principles calculation method based on density functional theory. The calculated cohesive energy shows that the stability of the binary SbP nanoribbon increases by increasing the molar fraction of phosphorus to 100%. We have demonstrated that the band gap of SbP nanoribbons can be modified by applying different mole fractions. The band gap value of SbP nanoribbon increases firstly up to mole fractions of approximately 50% and decreases up to 80% and then increases. A direct-to-indirect and an indirect-to-direct gap transitions occur at 5 to 75% (except for 35%) and 80 to 100% mole fractions, respectively. The optical properties of the mentioned structures with different mole fractions are analyzed, and it is found that the optical properties of binary SbP nanoribbons changed by P mole fraction; and also, the light absorption peak is mainly concentrated in the ultraviolet region. Compared with the pure antimonene, the light absorption is significantly enhanced after increasing the mole fraction of phosphorus to 100%. From a theoretical point of view, our results can offer promising applications in electronic and optical nanodevices.
Fabrication of highly sensitive memristive device using NiO nanoparticles synthesized by single step wet chemical method
Authors: Pathak B , Kalita P K , Choudhury J P Roy , Dutta A
Published: February 2024

Single step wet chemical method is used to prepare molar concentration varied NiO nanoparticle using PVP as the capping agent. Structural, optical and electrical properties are investigated on the prepared samples and are correlated with growth. TEM shows particle size distribution ∼ 3–4 nm synthesized in the range 0.001–1 M which agrees with XRD and optical measurements. Red shift in absorption is observed in optical measurement with enhancing molarity. Because of lesser size distribution of NiO nanoparticles, larger native defect in the form of oxygen vacancies is expected which may beutilized in fabrication of memristive devices. The sensitivity of the devices is estimated through Roff/Ron and area of pinched hysteresis loopwhich shows promising result. Higher sensitivity is explained due to incorporation of more oxygen vacancies during the growth of NiO nanoparticles synthesized at higher concentration. The experimental memristive characteristics are validated through theoretical model fitting using different window functions.
Numerical solution of fuzzy fractional volterra integro differential equations with boundary conditions
Authors: Agilan K , Parthiban V
Published: February 2024

In this study, the boundary value problem of fuzzy fractional nonlinear Volterra integro differential equations of order 1 < ϱ ≤ 2 is addressed. Fuzzy fractional derivatives are defined in the Caputo sense. To show the existence result, the Krasnoselkii theorem from the theory of fixed points is used, where as the well-known contraction mapping concept is utilized in order to show the solution is unique to the proposed problem. Moreover, a novel Adomian decomposition method is utilized to get numerical solution; the approach behind deriving the solution is from Adomian polynomials, and it is organized according to the recursive relation that is obtained. The proposed method significantly decreases the numerical computations by obtaining solutions without the need of discretization or constrictive assumptions. According to the results, there is substantial agreement between the series solutions produced by the fuzzy Adomian decomposition method. Finally, using MATLAB, the symmetry between the lower and upper-cut representations of the fuzzy solutions is demonstrated in the numerical result.
Nanomechanical-ferroelastics behavior, and the low-temperature ferroelectric manifestation of BiMnO3 thin films
Authors: Umoh G V , Gómez-Ovalle A E , Cruz M P , Leal-Pérez J E , Obot Okure U , Berrio Héctor Urzola , Herrera-Basurto Raúl , Mercader-Trejo F , Hurtado-Macias A
Published: February 2024

Ferroelastic-nanomechanical behavior of BiMnO3 thin films on (100) Nb-doped SrTiO3 substrate is studied at the nanoscale, for the first time using the theories of depth sensing indentation and finite element analysis. This was to understand the redirection of polarization in ferroelastic behavior using piezoelectric direct effect and applying a controlled local force by nanoindentation. The values of the nanomechanical properties Young’s modulus (E), hardness (H), and Stiffness (S) were measured to be E = 142 ± 3 GPa, H = 8 ± 0.2 GPa, and S = 44072 ± 45 N m−1 respectively. Using the experimental mechanical properties, a finite element analysis was carried out to understand the relationship between the irreversible work versus depth curve and plastic-deformation evolution of the thin film-interface-substrate system, associated with the pop-in observed. Von Mises stress maps are presented to clearly illustrate the deformations, mechanical failures, and influences between the BiMnO3 film and the SrTiO3 Substrate. The ferroelastic range for BiMnO3 material was observed between 0 to 12 nm, and the yield strength was Y = 2.6 ± 0.7 GPa. The ferroelectric properties through hysteresis curves were evaluated at two different temperatures of 200 K and 300 K in order to observe the effect of polarization with temperature. Providing better polarization performance at lower temperatures; P

s
= 9.14 ± 0.01 (

μ

C cm–2), P

r
= 2.23 ± 0.02 (

μ

C cm–2) and H

c
= 0.77 kV cm−1.