bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diurnal variability, photochemical production and loss processes of hydrogen peroxide in the boundary layer over Europe
Authors: Fischer Horst , Axinte Raoul , Bozem Heiko , Crowley John N. , Ernest Cheryl , Gilge Stefan , Hafermann Sascha , Harder Hartwig , Hens Korbinian , Königstedt Rainer , Kubistin Dagmar , Mallik Chinmay , Martinez Monica , Novelli Anna , Parchatka Uwe , Plass-Dülmer Christian , Pozzer Andrea , Regelin Eric , Reiffs Andreas , Schmidt Torsten , Schuladen Jan , Lelieveld Jos
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a significant role in the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. It is an efficient oxidant in the liquid phase, and serves as a temporary reservoir for the hydroxyl radical (OH), the most important oxidizing agent in the gas phase. Due to its high solubility, removal of H2O2 due to wet and dry deposition is efficient, being a sink of HOx (OH + HO2) radicals. In the continental boundary layer, the H2O2 budget is controlled by photochemistry, transport and deposition processes. Here we use in-situ observations of H2O2, and account for chemical source and removal mechanisms to study the interplay between these processes. The data were obtained during five ground-based field campaigns across Europe from 2008 to 2014, and bring together observations in a boreal forest, two mountainous sites in Germany, and coastal sites in Spain and Cyprus. Most campaigns took place in the summer, while the measurements in the south-west of Spain took place in early winter. Diel variations in H2O2 are strongly site-dependent and indicate a significant altitude dependence. While boundary layer mixing ratios of H2O2 at low-level sites show classical diel cycles with lowest values in the early morning and maxima around local noon, diel profiles are reversed on mountainous sites due to transport from the nocturnal residual layer and the free troposphere. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is largely governed by its main precursor, the hydroperoxy radical (HO2), and shows significant anti-correlation with nitrogen oxides (NOx) that remove HO2. A budget calculation indicates that in all campaigns, the noontime photochemical production rate through the self-reaction of HO2 radicals was much larger than photochemical loss due to reaction with OH and photolysis, and that dry deposition is the dominant loss mechanism. Estimated dry deposition velocities varied between approx. 1 and 6 cm/s, with relatively high values observed during the day in forested regions, indicating enhanced uptake of H2O2 by vegetation. In order to reproduce the change in H2O2 mixing ratios between sunrise and midday, a variable contribution from transport (10–100 %) is required to balance net photochemical production and deposition loss. Transport is most likely related to entrainment from the residual layer above the nocturnal boundary layer during the growth of the boundary layer in the morning.
Effect of sea-salt aerosol on tropospheric bromine chemistry
Authors: Zhu Lei , Jacob Daniel J. , Eastham Sebastian D. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Wang Xuan , Sherwen Tomás , Evans Mat J. , Chen Qianjie , Alexander Becky , Koenig Theodore K. , Volkamer Rainer , Huey L. Gregory , Le Breton Michael , Bannan Thomas J. , Percival Carl J.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Bromine radicals influence global tropospheric chemistry by depleting ozone and OH, and by oxidizing elemental mercury, sulfur species, and volatile organic compounds. Observations typically indicate a 50 % depletion of sea salt aerosol (SSA) bromide relative to seawater composition, implying that SSA debromination could be the dominant global source of tropospheric bromine. However, it has been difficult to reconcile this large source with the relatively low BrO concentrations observed in the marine boundary layer (MBL). Here we present a new mechanistic description of SSA debromination in the GEOS-Chem global atmospheric chemistry model with a detailed representation of halogen (Cl, Br, and I) chemistry. We show, for the first time, observed levels of SSA debromination can be reproduced in a manner consistent with observed BrO concentrations. Bromine radical sinks from the HOBr + S(IV) heterogeneous reactions and from ocean emission of acetaldehyde are found to be critical in moderating tropospheric BrO levels. The resulting HBr is rapidly taken up by SSA and also deposited. We find that the source of bromine radicals is mostly from SSA in the MBL, but from organobromines in the free troposphere. Simulated BrO in the MBL is generally much higher in winter than in summer due to a combination of greater SSA emission and weaker radiation. Outstanding issues are the model underestimate of free tropospheric BrO, driven by the HOBr + S(IV) reactions, and uncertainty regarding HBr uptake by SSA.
Instrument artifacts lead to uncertainties in parameterizations of cloud condensation nucleation
Authors: Mirrielees Jessica A. , Brooks Sarah D.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) modulate cloud
properties, rainfall location and intensity, and climate forcings. This work
assesses uncertainties in CCN measurements and the apparent hygroscopicity
parameter (κapp), which is widely used to represent CCN
populations in climate models. CCN measurements require accurate operation of
three instruments: the CCN instrument, the differential mobility analyzer
(DMA), and the condensation particle counter (CPC). Assessment of DMA
operation showed that varying the ratio of aerosol to sheath flow from 0.05
to 0.30 resulted in discrepancies between the κapp values
calculated from CCN measurements and the literature value. Discrepancies were
found to increase from <1 % to 13 % for both sodium chloride and
ammonium sulfate. The ratio of excess to sheath flow was also varied, which
shifted the downstream aerosol distribution towards smaller particle
diameters (for excess flow < sheath flow) or larger particle diameters
(for excess flow > sheath flow) than predicted. For the CPC instrument,
undercounting occurred at high concentrations, resulting in calculated
κapp lower than the literature values. Lastly, undercounting
by CCN instruments at high concentration was also assessed, taking the effect
of supersaturation on counting efficiency into account. Under recommended
operating conditions, the combined DMA, CPC, and CCN uncertainties in
κapp are 1.2 % or less for 25 to 200 nm diameter
aerosols.
Bipolar carbon and hydrogen isotope constraints on the Holocene methane budget
Authors: Beck Jonas , Bock Michael , Schmitt Jochen , Seth Barbara , Blunier Thomas , Fischer Hubertus
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric methane concentration shows a well-known decrease over the first
half of the Holocene following the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation
before it started to increase again to preindustrial values. There is a
debate about what caused this change in the methane concentration evolution, in
particular, whether an early anthropogenic influence or natural emissions led
to the reversal of the atmospheric CH4 concentration evolution. Here, we
present new methane concentration and stable hydrogen and carbon isotope data
measured on ice core samples from both Greenland and Antarctica over the
Holocene. With the help of a two-box model and the full suite of CH4
parameters, the new data allow us to quantify the total methane emissions in
the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere separately as well as their stable isotopic
signatures, while interpretation of isotopic records of only one hemisphere
may lead to erroneous conclusions. For the first half of the Holocene our
results indicate an asynchronous decrease in Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere
CH4 emissions by more than
30 Tg CH4 yr−1 in total,
accompanied by a drop in the northern carbon isotopic source signature of
about −3 ‰. This cannot be explained by a change in
the source mix alone but requires shifts in the isotopic signature of the
sources themselves caused by changes in the precursor material for the
methane production. In the second half of the Holocene, global CH4
emissions increased by about 30 Tg CH4 yr−1, while
preindustrial isotopic emission signatures remained more or less constant.
However, our results show that this early increase in methane emissions took
place in the Southern Hemisphere, while Northern Hemisphere emissions started
to increase only about 2000 years ago. Accordingly, natural emissions in the
southern tropics appear to be the main cause of the CH4 increase
starting 5000 years before present, not supporting an early anthropogenic influence on the
global methane budget by East Asian land use changes.
A global map of emission clumps for future monitoring of fossil fuel CO2 emissions from space
Authors: Wang Yilong , Ciais Philippe , Broquet Grégoire , Bréon François-Marie , Oda Tomohiro , Lespinas Franck , Meijer Yasjka , Loescher Armin , Janssens‑Maenhout Greet , Zheng Bo , Xu Haoran , Tao Shu , Santaren Diego , Su Yongxian
Published: November 2018

Abstract. A large fraction of fossil fuel CO2 emissions occur within “hotspots”, such as cities and power plants, which cover a very small fraction of the land surface. Although some of these emission hotspots are monitored closely, there is no detailed emission inventory for most of them. Space-borne imagery of atmospheric CO2 has the potential to provide independent estimates of CO2 emissions from hotspots. But first, what is a hotspot needs to be defined for the purpose of satellite observations. The proposed space-borne imagers with global coverage planned for the coming decade have a pixel size on the order of a few square kilometers, and a XCO2 accuracy and precision of
Neutral temperature and atmospheric water vapour retrieval from spectral fitting of auroral and airglow emissions
Authors: Chadney Joshua M. , Whiter Daniel K.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We have developed a spectral fitting method to retrieve upper atmospheric
parameters at multiple altitudes simultaneously during times of aurora,
allowing us to measure neutral temperatures and column densities of water
vapour. We use the method to separate airglow OH emissions from auroral
O+ and N2 in observations between 725 and 740 nm using the
High Throughput Imaging Echelle Spectrograph (HiTIES) located on Svalbard.
In this paper, we describe our new method and show the results of Monte Carlo
simulations using synthetic spectra which demonstrate the validity of the
spectral fitting method and provide an indication of uncertainties on
the retrieval of each atmospheric parameter. We show that the method allows
for the
retrieval of OH temperatures with an uncertainty of 6 % when
contamination by N2 emission is small. N2 temperatures can be
retrieved with uncertainties down to 3 %–5 % when N2 emission
intensity is high. We can determine the intensity ratio between the
O+ doublets at 732 and 733 nm (which is a function of temperature)
with an uncertainty of 5 %.
Land surface model parameter optimisation using in situ flux data: comparison of gradient-based versus random search algorithms (a case study using ORCHIDEE v1.9.5.2)
Authors: Bastrikov Vladislav , MacBean Natasha , Bacour Cédric , Santaren Diego , Kuppel Sylvain , Peylin Philippe
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs),
which form the land component of earth system models, rely on numerous processes for
describing carbon, water and energy budgets, often associated with highly uncertain
parameters. Data assimilation (DA) is a useful approach for optimising the most critical
parameters in order to improve model accuracy and refine future climate predictions. In
this study, we compare two different DA methods for optimising the parameters of seven
plant functional types (PFTs) of the ORCHIDEE LSM using daily averaged eddy-covariance
observations of net ecosystem exchange and latent heat flux at 78 sites across the globe.
We perform a technical investigation of two classes of minimisation methods – local
gradient-based (the L-BFGS-B algorithm, limited memory
Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm with bound constraints) and global random
search (the genetic algorithm) – by evaluating their relative performance in terms of
the model–data fit and the difference in retrieved parameter values. We examine the
performance of each method for two cases: when optimising parameters at each site
independently (“single-site” approach) and when simultaneously optimising the model at
all sites for a given PFT using a common set of parameters (“multi-site” approach). We
find that for the single site case the random search algorithm results in lower values of
the cost function (i.e. lower model–data root mean square differences) than the
gradient-based method; the difference between the two methods is smaller for the
multi-site optimisation due to a smoothing of the cost function shape with a greater
number of observations. The spread of the cost function, when performing the same tests
with 16 random first-guess parameters, is much larger with the gradient-based method, due
to the higher likelihood of being trapped in local minima. When using pseudo-observation
tests, the genetic algorithm results in a closer approximation of the true posterior
parameter value in the L-BFGS-B algorithm. We demonstrate the advantages and challenges
of different DA techniques and provide some advice on using it for the LSM parameter
optimisation.
Transforming Assessment Feedback Design: Students' Responses to Adaptively-Released Assessment Feedback (ARAF) Strategies
Authors: Northcote Maria , Morton Lindsay , Williams Anthony , Kilgour Peter , Hattingh Sherene
Published: November 2018

The concept of Adaptively-Released Assessment Feedback (ARAF) is relatively new and, to date, has had limited application in the university sector. This article looks at the applications of ARAF into the assessment of courses in three different contexts across multiple disciplines at both undergraduate and postgraduate course levels. The article outlines the ARAF strategies and their potential for promoting a deeper learning process by enhancing student engagement with feedback. Qualitative data from students are utilized to understand student perceptions of ARAF strategies. Students reported that ARAF increased engagement with assessment feedback and, in some cases, provoked deeper reflection and encouraged them to plan their approach to future assessment tasks.
Do Grading Assessment Learning Perceptions Correlate to Post-Graduation Outcomes?
Authors: Blau Gary , Gaffney Mary Anne , Kim YJ , Jarrell Sherry
Published: November 2018

This study's purposes were to further develop reliable grading assessment learning perception (GALP) scales, and investigate their relationships to two distinct self-reported post-graduation outcomes: securing a full-time job versus securing a full-time job consistent with one's major. GALP measures student perceptions that the grading methods used best reflect their course knowledge and skills. Two semesters of senior business undergraduates (Fall 2016, n = 417 and Spring 2017, n = 857) were sampled. Four GALP scales—Individual Engagement, Team-based, Exam-based, and Individual Creative—were identified. Logistic regression analyses showed that beyond internship experience, Individual Creative GALP was significantly related to post-graduation employment. We argue that adding one closed-response item on a university-level teaching evaluation form asking students if the grading methods used in a course best reflected the student's course knowledge and skills would be useful, particularly if followed by an open item, where students could add their thoughts.
Nietzsche's Futurism
Authors: Loeb Paul S.
Published: November 2018

This essay is one of ten contributions to a special editorial feature in The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 49.2 (Autumn 2018), in which authors were invited to address the following questions: What is the future of Nietzsche studies? What are the most pressing questions its scholars should address? What texts and issues demand our urgent attention? And as we turn to these issues, what methodological and interpretive principles should guide us? The editorship hopes this collection will provide a starting point for discussions about the most fruitful directions for Nietzsche scholarship to take and the most promising avenues for building on the best recent work.
Philosophy, Psychology, and Theory
Authors: Reginster Bernard
Published: November 2018

This essay is one of ten contributions to a special editorial feature in The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 49.2 (Autumn 2018), in which authors were invited to address the following questions: What is the future of Nietzsche studies? What are the most pressing questions its scholars should address? What texts and issues demand our urgent attention? And as we turn to these issues, what methodological and interpretive principles should guide us? The editorship hopes this collection will provide a starting point for discussions about the most fruitful directions for Nietzsche scholarship to take and the most promising avenues for building on the best recent work.
Psychological Nihilism, Passions, and Neglected Works: Three Topics for Nietzsche Studies
Authors: Riccardi Mattia
Published: November 2018

This essay is one of ten contributions to a special editorial feature in The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 49.2 (Autumn 2018), in which authors were invited to address the following questions: What is the future of Nietzsche studies? What are the most pressing questions its scholars should address? What texts and issues demand our urgent attention? And as we turn to these issues, what methodological and interpretive principles should guide us? The editorship hopes this collection will provide a starting point for discussions about the most fruitful directions for Nietzsche scholarship to take and the most promising avenues for building on the best recent work.
Derivation of a Relativistic Wave Equation more Profound than Dirac’s Relativistic Wave Equation
Authors: Suto Koshun
Published: November 2018

The author has previously derived an energy-momentum relationship applicable in a hydrogen atom. Since this relationship is taken as a departure point, there is a similarity with the Dirac’s relativistic wave equation, but an equation more profound than the Dirac equation is derived. When determining the coefficients  and β of the Dirac equation, Dirac assumed that the equation satisfies the Klein-Gordon equation. The Klein-Gordon equation is an equation which quantizes Einstein's energy-momentum relationship. This paper derives an equation similar to the Klein-Gordon equation by quantizing the relationship between energy and momentum of the electron in a hydrogen atom. By looking to the Dirac equation, it is predicted that there is a relativistic wave equation which satisfies that equation, and its coefficients are determined. With the Dirac equation it is necessary to insert a term for potential energy into the equation when describing the state of the electron in a hydrogen atom. However, in this paper, a potential energy term is not introduced into the relativistic wave equation. Instead, potential energy is incorporated into the equation by changing the coefficient  of the Dirac equation.
The transition from order to disorder in Voronoi Diagrams with applications
Authors: Zaninetti L.
Published: November 2018

The transition from ordered to disordered structures in Voronoi tessellation is obtained by perturbing the seeds that were originally identified with two types of lattice in 2D and one type in 3D. The area in 2D and the volume in 3D are modeled with the Kiang function. A new relationship that models the scaling of the Kiang function with a geometrical parameter is introduced. A first application models the local structure of sub- and supercritical ammonia as function of the temperature and a second application models the volumes of cosmic voids.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Cancer and Clinical Oncology, Vol. 7, No. 2
Authors: Grey Lexie
Published: November 2018

Cancer and Clinical Oncology wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.

Cancer and Clinical Oncology is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to cco@ccsenet.org.

Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 2

Aditya R Bele, University of Florida, USA

Anand Kumar, Banaras Hindu University, India

Chandra Sekhar Bathula, Washington State University, USA

Dhaarini Murugan, Oregon Health and Science University, USA

Hua Wang, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, China

Juan Luis Callejas Valera, UCSD/Moores Cancer Center, United States

Kartik Anand, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, USA

Kaushik Thakkar, Stanford University, USA

Manal Mehibel, Stanford University, USA

Mark G Trombetta, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA

Mona Mostafa Mohamed, Cairo University, Egypt

Rajesh Kumar, Cancer Center MGH/Harvard Medical School, USA

Sunil Kumar, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA

Wright Jacob, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom

Xi Yang, Stanford University, USA
On a Transition Phase in Single Well Tests Data
Authors: Gregor Jiri , Pastuszek Frantisek
Published: November 2018

In processing data of pumping tests of single wells at constant pumping rate the drawdown during the first fraction of minutes is modeled by a linear function of time as the well-bore storage. After a few minutes of pumping the drawdown is considered to be described by a solution of the Theis differential equation. The time span between these two ”regimes”is here named transition phase of the test. Models of this phase are suggested. These models were tested on a number of data sets, some results are shown in the closing part of this communication. It turns out that data in the transition phase contain significant information on the vicinity of the bore.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 8, No. 6
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: November 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 8, No. 6, 2018. 
Comparison of Esthetic Outcomes of Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis Treatment by Orthodontic Space Closure Versus Implant Placement (Evaluated by Pink Esthetic Score)
Authors: Moradpoor Hedaiat , Rahimi Farshad , Golshah Amin , Akbari Narges , Raissi Sahar
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Due to the fundamental role of esthetics in the outcomes of dental treatments, especially in the anterior region (esthetic zone), the necessity of considering the matter of esthetics in clinical studies has become into focus in the current era. The aim of this study was the evaluation of esthetic outcomes of two treatment protocols in the treatment of congenital uni-lateral missing of maxillary lateral incisors as well as patient satisfaction from the treatment outcomes.

Methods: in this study the sample size was 24 people (16 women and 8 men), These individuals sought dental treatment for replacement of the congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor. Convenience sampling method was used and patients were divided into two groups regarding the kind of treatment they received. The two treatment protocols included: 1. Space closure by means of orthodontic treatment and then reshaping the canines; and 2. Space regaining by means of orthodontic treatment and replacing the lateral incisor with dental implants. Photographs of patients were acquired from the frontal view with retraction of the lips using digital cameras. Photographs were evaluated for Pink esthetic score.

Results: No significant difference was detected between the two study groups in the evaluated factors in this study.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that there is no significant difference in esthetic results in the two groups. Furthermore, both groups lead to similar results in patient satisfaction from treatment outcomes.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method for Estimating Implied Volatility in Option Pricing
Authors: Ayekple Yao Elikem , Tetteh Charles Kofi , Fefemwole Prince Kwaku
Published: November 2018

Using market covered European call option prices, the Independence Metropolis-Hastings Sampler algorithm for estimating Implied volatility in option pricing was proposed. This algorithm has an acceptance criteria which facilitate accurate approximation of this volatility from an independent path in the Black Scholes Model, from a set of finite data observation from the stock market. Assuming the underlying asset indeed follow the geometric brownian motion, inverted version of the Black Scholes model was used to approximate this Implied Volatility which was not directly seen in the real market: for which the BS model assumes the volatility to be a constant. Moreover, it is demonstrated that, the Implied Volatility from the options market tends to overstate or understate the actual expectation of the market. In addition, a 3-month market Covered European call option data, from 30 different stock companies was acquired from Optionistic.Com, which was used to estimate the Implied volatility. This accurately approximate the actual expectation of the market with low standard errors ranging between 0.0035 to 0.0275.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Management and Sustainability, Vol. 8, No. 4
Authors: Xiao Evelyn
Published: November 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Management and Sustainability, Vol. 8, No. 4, 2018.
The Jordanian Legal Regulation for Implementing the Arbitral Award as an Executive Bond in accordance with the Jordanian Execution Law No. 25 of 2007
Authors: Al-Khazaleh Shams El-Din Qassem , Momani Sayel Mofleh
Published: November 2018

The implementation of the arbitral award is the final stage of the arbitration process, which is the substance of the arbitration agreement, since the control is based on the principle of the authority of the administration and as it is the focus of this research, the arbitration judgment, as well as the implementation of the arbitral award, will be discussed in addition to the terms of the enforceable judgment, as well as judicial control over the execution of the award to reach the result that the legislator was not successful in organizing methods of appeal by arbitration.

The Jordanian legislator adopted the broad concept of executive bonds and then not limited to judgments and decisions, but included official and ordinary bonds and tradable commercial papers. The executive bonds are the documents specified in the law of enforcement or any other law and are the reason for establishing the right to implement execution and Article 6 of the Jordanian Enforcement Law referred to this. In addition, the Jordanian Arbitration Law No. 31 of 2001 approved the implementation of the arbitrators' judgments if the court ruled to uphold these provisions.

The focus of our study was to implement the arbitral award as an executive bond and for its specificity as a judgment issued by natural persons with no jurisdiction. Only derive their task from the will of individuals. The parties to the dispute, but the reality that made the arbitration at the present time of the features that make it more acceptable by individuals to settle their disputes from resorting to the jurisdiction of the state, and respect for the legislator and his quest for stability and security made those decisions executive bonds under certain conditions are implemented through them. It is on this basis that this study is divided into sessions and we will address the concept of arbitral award. Then the implementation of the arbitration award and then we will discuss the terms of the arbitral award and enforceable judicial control over it and then move to the conclusion and its recommendations.
Integrated Regional Development Policy Formulation in Ethiopia
Authors: Kaso Kemal Abdela , Aimimtham Sukanya , Saiyasopon Sukhumvit , Chaiphar Weerakul
Published: November 2018

This research aims (1) to study the practice of an Integrated Regional Development Policy Formulation (IRDPF) in Ethiopia and (2) to explore and identify the challenges of integrated regional development policy formulation in Ethiopia. The research is conducted by collecting data from 20 purposely selected key informants from both the federal and regional government sectors, political parties and community in Ethiopia. Data are collected through in-depth interviews and review of relevant documents, and systematically analyzed using content analysis technique. The results show that the practice of policymaking and IRDPF process in particular is not in line with of the law of land, in which the executive branch, particularly, the Prime Minister and ruling party’s elites are the key actor in the process at both federal and regional levels with limited consultation and participation of other House of Peoples Representatives, federal and regional policy makers, and other stakeholders. The study also identified various political, social, economic and technical challenges that affect sound and effective integrated regional development policy formulation in the country.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 11, No. 4
Authors: Tai William
Published: November 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2018.
Recruitment of Foreign Members by Islamic State (Daesh): Tools and Methods
Authors: Majid Bozorgmehri
Published: November 2018

In the era of technology, Islamic State has shown that it is be able to link the radical reading of Islam with the modernity of the internet and social media to increase its scope of influence to all borders of the world. The social networks were very significant medium for Daesh.

This article targets as its main concern, to analyze deeply the global strategy of “Islamic State” (IS) for recruitment of foreign warriors by looking at the methods through which the outstanding plan is carried out. It tries also to elaborate the communication strategy of the Islamic State besides the contents of the messages which have been broadcasted. By borrowing Malet`s conceptions, the paper schemes its theoretical bases and by relying on the own Islamic State sources, it tries to find and elaborate the required data.
Influential Factors on Political Participation of Public University Undergraduates in Hebei Province, China
Authors: Yang Yanan , Xia Nan , Ahmad Zaid Bin , Jawan Jayum Anak , Talib Ahmad Tarmizi
Published: November 2018

In recent decades, political participation amongst young people has attracted much academic research in established democracies. However, as an understudied area in China especially in Hebei province, political participation of public university undergraduates is in low level. Thus, this article concerns the political participation of public university undergraduates in Hebei province of China. The objective of this article is to identify the influential factors and determine the principal influential factor to students’ political participation in the public university of Hebei province. Therefore, 1990 respondents were selected based on the cluster sampling method, the main statistical method for evaluation of research hypotheses is by the PLS-SEM. Findings of this study indicate that political education has neither effect nor relation to political participation, whereas university identity, experience, major integrated undertake directly function on political participation. Moreover, political competence is the most important for students’ political participation in the public universities of Hebei province, China. Political value cognitive ability is the most important competence which influences the level of political participation among all involved factors in influencing students’ political participation in Hebei public universities according to the results of Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Additionally, the author suggested that in order to improve students’ participatory level, enhancing capability of students is a necessary way.
Localization of Marxism in China: History, Theory and the Challenge
Authors: Li Peng
Published: November 2018

Marxism is the science of universal standard. The truth, practicality, scientific of Marxism has been proved by history. But with the development of practice, the development of Marxist theory itself is facing a new opportunity, also faced with unprecedented challenges. How to effectively cope with the challenges？Such as: Is communism a utopia? The labor theory of value is effective? Socialist country is democracy? And so on. All these problems are the socialist system and Marxist must think and answer.

As a Marxist, how to truly stand in the position of Marxism, using the Marxist method and point of view to observe the social and economic development and the progress of human civilization and world history, is the problem of contemporary Marxists has to think about. Or it will lose vitality, and will be out of date, and possible failure. The most familiar example is the socialist power caused by the collapse of the Soviet Union and its consequences.

As important heritage and development of Marxist theory, the Communist Party of China has always been guided by the Marxism theory, whether in revolution, construction and reform, or the governing principle politics today. Can say, not only accumulated a very valuable historical experience, but also enriched and developed Marxism, the Communist Party of China have a say in the history of Marxist development.

So, we need to discuss three questions, the effectiveness of the Marxist theory, and understanding of Marxist trajectory of the Communist Party of China, the challenge for the Marxism theory and how to deal with.
Transformational Communities: A Programmatic Ambivalence as a Learning Path for the Cognitive Planet
Authors: Seixas Paulo Castro , Lobner Nadine
Published: November 2018

The following article outlines a proposal of a Programmatic Ambivalence as learning path, built from bottom-up and top-down Agendas (Minimalist/Maximalist) of the Sustainable Development Goals. This discussion is placed in the framework of the 2030 Agenda, as well as in the challenge of the Anthropocene. The idea of a Lobby of People is referred for the replication of learning experiences as transformational plans everywhere. To contribute to the importance of a circulation between bottom-up and top-down construction, challenging exploratory models through transformed Communities of Practices are presented.
Estudio estadístico de los usos en las bibliotecas infantiles de Alcobendas, Mejorada del Campo y Villanueva del Pardillo (Madrid)
Authors: Cámara Rey Pilar , Adán Pampliega Susana , Porras García Clara
Published: November 2018

This study focuses on how different age groups make use of children's libraries in Alcobendas, Mejorada del Campo and Villanueva del Pardillo, and how this is influenced by surroundings, resources and current policy in these three municipalities, which have different population sizes. The first step is to identify similarities and differences in how these libraries are used and to what extent usage is influenced by the library model applied in each municipality.
Representaciones de un mundo complejo: No tinc paraules de Arnal Ballester
Authors: Sánchez Marcos Estrella
Published: November 2018

This article looks at how two factors come into play in children's books: the assumption of simplicity and the double target-reader. In the first of these, the child is assumed to lack the intellectual maturity of an adult and the topics, motifs and representations must accordingly be simpler. Studies on approaches to reading and reception, however, reveal that children make critical, sophisticated readers. The double target-reader is the child plus the adult who tends to read along when the child is very young. This adult will take on a prominent role in the process of communication that takes place between an author and the two target readers. And the publishing industry, in turn, provides books designed to please that adult, who browses, chooses and buys.  All these factors conflict with the child's need to build up his/her symbolic imaginary through complex stories and representations.  This raises the question of how today's author-illustrators of children's books can make those layers of depth visible or not, and find devices for showing complex meanings in formats like the picture book. The book "No tinc paraules", by Arnal Ballester is studied in detail: a book in which the illustrator chooses motifs like eroticism, love, and reflections on identity, making the child the principal target reader of a story that the child himself/herself must construct, and allowing the adult to be a companion in this. This book can serve to show how graphic experimentation and ideas can be contained within a single space.
Lecturas vinculares: un análisis de los libros sobre hábitos, dirigidos a la infancia en edad temprana
Authors: Calvo Buil Nati
Published: November 2018

This is a methodological analysis of selected books on children's habit learning, based on the concept of connective reading as the starting point for the child's reading process, on a study of current publications aimed at the very young (0 to 3 years), and on the role of the agents involved in the latter: publishers, authors, family and mediators.The research goal is to analyse the selected literary works in depth to reveal the hidden complexity behind this type of cultural product and the extent to which reading can influence learning and in children's literary development.
¿A qué nos referimos cuando hablamos de “usar la lengua para aprenderla”?
Authors: Martín Peris Ernesto
Published: November 2018

This article ítems from the closing ceremony of the Jornadas Interuniversitárias that were held on 26 March 2010 at the Universidad Pompeu Fabra and which were organised by the Universidad Pompeu Fabra, the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona and the Universidad de Barcelona. The article outlines the changes that the notion of “learning languages through language” has undergone in recent times, specifically in the foreign language classroom. The article provides an historical overview of the various interpretations of this concept in second language learning in order to synthesize how this has brought about changes in the classroom. It is argued here that this new focus not only modifies the concept of classroom interaction, it also brings a new dimension to the role of language (L1 and others) into the learning of another language.
Evolució que el professor de música experimenta en la forma de percebre i categoritzar l’ensenyament de la llengua estrangera durant una experiència d’Aprenentatge integrat de continguts i llengua (AICLE), en anglès
Authors: Corredera Capdevila Anna , Ruiz Lorenzo Bruno
Published: November 2018

CLIL programmes (Content and Language Integrated Learning) are opening new paths for the improvement of foreign language learning because they offer students the opportunity to use the target language as an approach to new curricular content. Nonetheless, this is not an easy path. One of the biggest obstacles is the worry that content teachers have about the possible negative repercussions these programmes can have on the learning of the curricular content in their area of specialization.  Starting from this point, the focus of this study is on the content professor who participated in an experimental music eduacation teaching sequence in English, carried out during one term in the 3rd level (ESO) in a a secondary school in Catalonia. The objective of this study was to reconstruct, through various interviews and working sessions with the teacher, the evolution of the perspectives and categorizations of the content teacher concerning the CLIL class, in particular in the way the students worked towards the goals of the class.  Conversation analysis and complementary ethnographic data indicate a constructive change in the way the teacher categorises and assesses the CLIL programme along with a positive evolution of the organization of the activities of teahcing-learning of the content. The process of collaborative research led to a process of shared reflection about teaching practice between the foreign language specialist and music education specialist, resulting in mutual learning.
Creencias de las profesoras de la Fundación Íntegramente. Un primer acercamiento al contexto sociocultural de la enseñanza de castellano a los inmigrantes de Santa Coloma de Gramenet
Authors: Diáz Ceniceros Hermes
Published: November 2018

The constant flow of immigrants to Catalonia from different parts of Africa, the Middle East and Asia has led to the creation of reception centres to help in integrating these immigrants socially. One such centre in the city of Barcelona is the Fundación Integrament in Santa Coloma de Gramenet. Here it became apparent that there was a need to give Spanish lessons to the immigrants with the help of volunteer teachers. This paper offers an initial exploration of the teaching provided in this centre, focusing on the teachers' belief systems.The research method used is the ethnographic method and the tool for collecting data was the semi-open interview, involving four informants we will refer to as Zafo, Helena, Sofía and Tere. Each interview revolved around the following topics: how the profession of volunteer teacher ties in with the teacher's system of beliefs; how previous experience of L2 learning can help in preparing lessons; how multiculturalism is seen, and how the teachers identify with the pupils' problems.In the interviews we found that the teachers' belief systems were largely determined by the profession. As for the experience of learning a second language, we found that this can be drawn on when professional beliefs allow it. We conclude by stressing the importance of continuing our ethnographic studies on teachers' and pupils' beliefs, with a view to developing suitable support material for these kinds of classes in the future.
Educating Foreign Language Primary School Teachers: A Review of Models of Teacher Education and New Proposal
Authors: Alirio Bastidas Arteaga Jesús
Published: November 2018

A partir de la década de 1980, tanto en Europa como en Latino-América se introdujo la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras en el nivel de educación primaria, lo cual produjo algunas decisiones administrativas y académicas con relación al desarrollo profesional de los profesores de lenguas extranjeras en ejercicio y de la preparación de los nuevos profesores. En este artículo, el autor primero revisa algunos de los modelos de preparación profesional más conocidos, tales como: modelo artesanal, modelo de ciencia aplicada y modelo reflexivo; luego se hace una análisis de algunos modelos específicamente diseñados para la preparación de profesores de Lenguas Extranjeras para el nivel de primaria, y finalmente, se propone un nuevo modelo para educar a los futuros profesores de lenguas extranjeras para primaria, el cual se basa en concepciones curriculares. Algunas conclusiones en las que se destacan las características más relevantes del modelo se presentan en las conclusiones del artículo.
Pacing and time allocation at the micro- and meso-level within the class hour: Why pacing is important, how to study it, and what it implies for individual lesson planning
Authors: Goldsmith Joshua
Published: November 2018

The topic of pacing at the level of the individual class hour has received relatively little coverage in research literature. In order to provide a research-based take on the issue, the current work surveys the existing literature, develops terminology and draws a key distinction between macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of pacing, sequencing, grading, and transitioning. In order to focus on one of pacing’s constituent sub-topics—the allocation of classroom time—this article presents a case study of a first semester college-level introductory German class at a top-tier American university. The data come from two hours of class, one each from the beginning and end of the semester, in an attempt to discover not only how pacing affects teaching synchronically but also how it might change diachronically. Utterances and gestures were transcribed in order to segment the class into activities and sub-activities, and a model for using verbal and gestural cues to perform this kind of segmentation is proposed. The paper also discusses how the teacher allocates time to different kinds of activities, considering pacing strategies that help keep students focused and “on plan” and how these pacing strategies can allow for more time and activities spent on communicative, pair-based work. It is argued that because of the case study teacher’s focus on pacing and use of various strategies to pace the class, not only researchers but also teachers might be able to generalize the micro- and meso-pacing model described in this study to the pacing of individual lessons in their own classrooms.
Representacions gramaticals i activitat metalingüística dels alumnes de secundària: la categoria verb
Authors: Durán Rivas Carme
Published: November 2018

This article describes a research project on the grammatical representation made by students in their final year of compulsory secondary schooling of the "verb" category: a notion of great epistemological difficulty. The ultimate aim is to identify the strategies they used to conceptualise it and the problems they came across, so as to, on the one hand, gain an insight into the process of internalising grammatical knowledge and, on the other, be able to design didactic devices through a methodology for teaching grammar that is based on dialogue and reflection on language.This research is exploratory in nature and includes quantitative and qualitative approaches to data analysis, in an attempt to adapt the methodology to the initial goals. The author highlights the use of interviews as a methodological tool to capture the students' metalinguistic activity through their interaction with the researcher, but also as a teaching and learning tool.Some of the findings confirm those of previous studies on schoolchildren's grammatical representations, such as their lack of coherence and systematisation of grammatical concepts, the fossilisation of this knowledge, or the need to start out from previous knowledge and representations to build up grammatical knowledge from more solid foundations. This shows the need for methodological change in grammar teaching and learning, based particularly on reflection on language and its use, and on interaction with others as a way to draw out the metalinguistic conscience.
First-year students' conflicts during their construction of an academic identity in English as a foreign language: Implementing Cultural-Historical Activity Theory
Authors: Oliva-Girbau Angels
Published: November 2018

This paper constructs a theoretical framework  that views academic writing from a context-based perspective.   The shift  from text to context results from implementating the  concept of activity system into the academic community, envisioning academia as the sum of the interactions among its  components (users, tools, goals and results), which was applied into an instrumental English course for first-year students through reflective activities that promoted awareness and discussion of the components of the academic community during students'  inititiation. We analyse the results of the first one of these activities, a questionnaire students answered as part of the classwork. Their replies to this questionnaire show lack of awareness of the components of the academic activity system, one of the sources of the conflicts they experience during their initiation into the academy. Finally, we suggest a new approach to writing instruction that involves the convergence of research and instruction.