bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational Adoption of Information Security Solutions
Authors: Herath Tejaswini C. , Herath Hemantha S. B. , D'Arcy John
Published: May 2020

Information systems literature has cast organizational information security practices as a form of innovation. Using the notions of innovation adoption and diffusion of innovations, this paper develops an integrative model grounded in two theoretical perspectives- diffusion of innovation theory and the technologyorganization- environment framework-to examine the adoption of information security solutions (ISS) in organizations. We specify four innovation characteristics that are specific to ISS (compatibility, complexity, costs, and perceived gain), two organizational factors (organizational readiness and top management support), and two environmental factors (external pressure and visibility) as influential toward ISS adoption. We tested our model using data collected through a survey of 368 information systems managers in North American organizations. Our findings are insightful and have important theoretical and practical implications. Overall, the results suggest that organizational and environmental factors contribute to the extent of ISS adoption above and beyond characteristics of ISS themselves. The results are consistent across two measures of ISS adoption- perceived and (self-reported) actual-thereby supporting the robustness of our findings.
An Exploration of the Drivers of Non- Adoption Behavior
Authors: Wolverton Colleen Carraher , Cenfetelli Ronald
Published: May 2020

While there has been a substantial amount of attention within the information systems research community towards understanding the phenomenon of adoption, much less is known about non-adoption. This study examines the factors surrounding the decision to not adopt a technology and whether certain factors exert differing effects on individuals in particular ways such that concurrent factors could be identified to develop a classification of the specific types of non-adoption behavior. Utilizing inhibitor theory and the symbolic adoption model as a foundational framework for the different types of non-adoption, we posit that different types of non-adoption exist which is demonstrated by determining the perceptions towards technology that coalesce around different types of non-adoption. We conducted a two-phase investigation into nonadoption with two goals in mind: 1) identify and explore specific factors of the IT that are associated with the rejection decision and are distinct from the adoption decision; and 2) determine the extent to which these factors (along with traditional enablers) differentiate between different types of non-adoption. The results from a discriminant function analysis (DFA) indicate the coalescence of specific perceptual variables according to the types of non-adoption behavior, specifically, the discriminatory power of differing perceptions of IT between trial rejecters, symbolic rejecters, trial accepters, symbolic adopters, and adopters. The implications for research and implications for practice are discussed.
An Interview with Dr. Charu Aggarwal, SIGKDD Innovation Award Winner
Authors: Aggarwal Dr. Charu
Published: May 2020

Dr. Charu Aggarwal is a Distinguished Research Staff Member (DRSM) at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. He earned a Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science from the Indian Institute of Technology at Kanpur in 1993 and his Ph.D. in Operations Research, with a focus on mathematical optimization, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1996. He has worked extensively in the field of data mining, with particular interest in data streams, privacy, uncertain data and social network analysis. He has authored eight books, over 400 papers in refereed venues, and has applied for, or been granted, over 80 patents. Dr. Aggarwal sat down with SIGKDD Explorations to discuss how he first became involved in the KDD conference, his work at the IBM T.J. Watson Center and what excites him about the future of machine learning, data science and artificial intelligence.
Functions of Anionic Lipids in Plants
Authors: Noack Lise C. , Jaillais Yvon
Published: May 2020

Anionic phospholipids, which include phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and phosphoinositides, represent a small percentage of membrane lipids. They are able to modulate the physical properties of membranes, such as their surface charges, curvature, or clustering of proteins. Moreover, by mediating interactions with numerous membrane-associated proteins, they are key components in the establishment of organelle identity and dynamics. Finally, anionic lipids also act as signaling molecules, as they are rapidly produced or interconverted by a set of dedicated enzymes. As such, anionic lipids are major regulators of many fundamental cellular processes, including cell signaling, cell division, membrane trafficking, cell growth, and gene expression. In this review, we describe the functions of anionic lipids from a cellular perspective. Using the localization of each anionic lipid and its related metabolic enzymes as starting points, we summarize their roles within the different compartments of the endomembrane system and address their associated developmental and physiological consequences.
Developmental Mechanisms of Fleshy Fruit Diversity in Rosaceae
Authors: Liu Zhongchi , Ma Hong , Jung Sook , Main Dorrie , Guo Lei
Published: May 2020

Rosaceae (the rose family) is an economically important family that includes species prized for high-value fruits and ornamentals. The family also exhibits diverse fruit types, including drupe (peach), pome (apple), drupetum (raspberry), and achenetum (strawberry). Phylogenetic analysis and ancestral fruit-type reconstruction suggest independent evolutionary paths of multiple fleshy fruit types from dry fruits. A recent whole genome duplication in the Maleae/Pyreae tribe (with apple, pear, hawthorn, and close relatives; referred to as Maleae here) may have contributed to the evolution of pome fruit. MADS-box genes, known to regulate floral organ identity, are emerging as important regulators of fruit development. The differential competence of floral organs to respond to fertilization signals may explain the different abilities of floral organs to form fleshy fruit. Future comparative genomics and functional studies in closely related Rosaceae species with distinct fruit types will test hypotheses and provide insights into mechanisms of fleshy fruit diversity. These efforts will be facilitated by the wealth of genome data and resources in Rosaceae.
Neurovascular coupling is not influenced by lower body negative pressure in humans
Authors: Samora Milena , Vianna Lauro C. , Carmo Jake C. , Macedo Victor , Dawes Matthew , Phillips Aaron A. , Paton Julian F. R. , Fisher James P.
Published: May 2020

Visual stimulation evoked a robust increase in posterior cerebral artery velocity and a modest increase in vertebral artery blood flow, i.e., neurovascular coupling (NVC), which was unaffected by lower body negative pressure in humans (LBNP). In addition, although LBNP induced a mild hypocapnia, this degree of hypocapnia in the absence of LBNP failed to modify the NVC response.
Matrix Expression of Shapley Value in Graphical Cooperative Games
Authors: Wang Yuanhua , Alsaadi Fuad E. , Liu Zheng , Wu Xiaomeng , Liu Xiyu
Published: May 2020

This paper studies a class of cooperative games, called graphical cooperative games, where the internal topology of the coalition depends on a prescribed communication graph among players. First, using the semitensor product of matrices, the value function of graphical cooperative games can be expressed as a pseudo-Boolean function. Then, a simple matrix formula is provided to calculate the Shapley value of graphical cooperative games. Finally, some practical examples are presented to illustrate the application of graphical cooperative games in communication-based coalitions and establish the significance of the Shapley value in different communication networks.
The 7-Year Change in the Prevalence of Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Their Determinants in an Urban South African Population
Authors: Davids Saarah Fatoma Gadija , Matsha Tandi Edith , Peer Nasheeta , Erasmus Rajiv Timothy , Kengne Andre Pascal
Published: May 2020

Background. Insulin resistance (IR) and subclinical inflammation are involved in pathological pathways leading to the development of biological cardiovascular risk factors and subsequent cardiovascular events. Therefore, monitoring these processes can provide advanced information on the trajectory of cardiovascular risk profile of a population and inform prevention and control strategies. We investigated changes in IR and subclinical inflammation in a population from Cape Town, South Africa, between 2008/09 and 2014/16. Methods. In a total of 2503 (n=797, 2008/09) and (n=1706, 2014/16) participants, IR was calculated using five indices, i.e., insulin fasting, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, McAuley, and Matsuda while subclinical inflammation was measured using usCRP and gamma GT. Linear and logistic regression analyses and interaction tests were conducted. Results. The mean age of participants was 53.2 (2008/09) and 48.2 (2014/16), respectively. In females, IR prevalence significantly decreased between 2008/09 and 2014/2016 by all indices (p≤0.021), while subclinical inflammation prevalence increased from 54.7% (2008/09) to 57.1% (2014/16) based on usCRP and 29.6% to 33.4% based on gamma GT. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for the year of study, age, and gender, prominent factors associated with increased IR or subclinical inflammation were obesity levels measured using waist circumference, glycated haemoglobin, and fasting insulin levels. Conclusions. Over the 7-year period, subclinical inflammation increased and this was associated with IR and the metabolic syndrome components, both of which are strong predictors of CVDs. The decrease in IR over the year period reflects in part the much younger age in the second survey.
Design and Control of a Novel Single Leg Structure of Electrically Driven Quadruped Robot
Authors: Chen Mingfang , Chen Hao , Wang Xuejun , Yu JiangXuan , Zhang YongXia
Published: May 2020

In order to solve the defects of the large inertia and control difficulty of the electrically driven quadruped legs of robots, a novel leg structure and a control method are proposed in this paper. In terms of structure, the motor of the knee is arranged in the body of the robot to reduce the weight of the legs. In addition, this paper improves the PVT difference control algorithm embedded in the PMAC controller. Using the nonlinear control principle of the U-model, the optimized segmented Hermite difference method is used to implement the planning of the foot trajectory of the quadruped robot. Simulation and experiment show that the leg structure design is reasonable and the improved interpolation algorithm has good control effect.
Construction of Earthquake Rescue Model Based on Hierarchical Voronoi Diagram
Authors: Pan Shenrun , Li Manzhi
Published: May 2020

Traditional earthquake rescue methods have many problems, such as the impact of road damage on earthquake rescue, the rational allocation of disaster relief materials, and the active division of rescue areas. According to the characteristics of earthquake relief, a new earthquake rescue model is designed from three aspects: high-altitude rescue, road transport relief supplies, and street human resources rescue. In this paper, the hierarchical Voronoi diagram is applied to the earthquake rescue problem, the earthquake rescue model is constructed, and the area affected by the earthquake is reasonably divided. We discussed the earthquake intensity and the proportion of the population in the disaster area and the number of disaster relief materials and other parameters and conducted an in-depth analysis of the model to form a useful earthquake rescue model. Visual simulation results have been obtained by computer simulation. Compared with the traditional earthquake rescue plan, the model proposed in this paper is more effective and scientific in improving the material distribution, personnel rescue, and postdisaster reconstruction after the earthquake, and it also provides a new idea for the rescue of other natural disasters. It has practical social value and broad application prospects. Besides, the models and conclusions given in this paper have been recognized by the Seismological Bureau of Hainan Province and the Mathematics Research Center of Hainan Province.
Reliability Analysis of Common Cause Failure Multistate System Based on CUGF
Authors: Jia Jin-Zhang , Li Zhuang , Jia Peng , Yang Zhi-guo
Published: May 2020

This paper addresses the problem of mixed uncertainty in the reliability analysis of multistate systems under common cause failure conditions. Combining the cloud model theory, universal generation function (UGF) method, and common cause failure theory, the universal generation function method is extended based on a probabilistic cloud model, i.e., the cloud universal generation function (CUGF) analysis method. The cloud model represents the random and cognitive uncertainty of the state probability, i.e., mixed uncertainty. Next, through CUGF, according to the calculation rules of cloud operators, we provide steps to obtain the reliability of a multistate system under independent failure and common cause failure conditions and obtain cloud digital features for reliability. The accuracy and feasibility of the method are verified by a numerical example. This paper solves the problem of reliability analysis of multistate systems with mixed uncertainty in unit state probability information under common cause failure conditions. We integrate system multistate, information uncertainty, and common cause failure for reliability analysis to avoid large errors, more in line with a project’s actual situation. We propose new ideas and methods to process randomness and fuzzy information or data in multistate system reliability analysis.
Research and Implementation on Power Analysis Attacks for Unbalanced Data
Authors: Duan Xiaoyi , Chen Dong , Fan Xiaohong , Li Xiuying , Ding Ding , Li You
Published: May 2020

In the power analysis attack, when the Hamming weight model is used to describe the power consumption of the chip operation data, the result of the random forest (RF) algorithm is not ideal, so a random forest classification method based on synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) is proposed. It compensates for the problem that the random forest algorithm is affected by the data imbalance and the classification accuracy of the minority classification is low, which improves the overall classification accuracy rate. The experimental results show that when the training set data is 800, the random forest algorithm predicts the correct rate of 84%, but the classification accuracy of the minority data is 0%, and the SMOTE-based random forest algorithm improves the prediction accuracy of the same set of test data by 91%. The classification accuracy rate of a few categories has increased from 0% to 100%.
Underwater Image Processing and Object Detection Based on Deep CNN Method
Authors: Han Fenglei , Yao Jingzheng , Zhu Haitao , Wang Chunhui
Published: May 2020

Due to the importance of underwater exploration in the development and utilization of deep-sea resources, underwater autonomous operation is more and more important to avoid the dangerous high-pressure deep-sea environment. For underwater autonomous operation, the intelligent computer vision is the most important technology. In an underwater environment, weak illumination and low-quality image enhancement, as a preprocessing procedure, is necessary for underwater vision. In this paper, a combination of max-RGB method and shades of gray method is applied to achieve the enhancement of underwater vision, and then a CNN (Convolutional Neutral Network) method for solving the weakly illuminated problem for underwater images is proposed to train the mapping relationship to obtain the illumination map. After the image processing, a deep CNN method is proposed to perform the underwater detection and classification, according to the characteristics of underwater vision, two improved schemes are applied to modify the deep CNN structure. In the first scheme, a 1∗1 convolution kernel is used on the 26∗26 feature map, and then a downsampling layer is added to resize the output to equal 13∗13. In the second scheme, a downsampling layer is added firstly, and then the convolution layer is inserted in the network, the result is combined with the last output to achieve the detection. Through comparison with the Fast RCNN, Faster RCNN, and the original YOLO V3, scheme 2 is verified to be better in detecting underwater objects. The detection speed is about 50 FPS (Frames per Second), and mAP (mean Average Precision) is about 90%. The program is applied in an underwater robot; the real-time detection results show that the detection and classification are accurate and fast enough to assist the robot to achieve underwater working operation.
Learning Feature Fusion in Deep Learning-Based Object Detector
Authors: Hassan Ehtesham , Khalil Yasser , Ahmad Imtiaz
Published: May 2020

Object detection in real images is a challenging problem in computer vision. Despite several advancements in detection and recognition techniques, robust and accurate localization of interesting objects in images from real-life scenarios remains unsolved because of the difficulties posed by intraclass and interclass variations, occlusion, lightning, and scale changes at different levels. In this work, we present an object detection framework by learning-based fusion of handcrafted features with deep features. Deep features characterize different regions of interest in a testing image with a rich set of statistical features. Our hypothesis is to reinforce these features with handcrafted features by learning the optimal fusion during network training. Our detection framework is based on the recent version of YOLO object detection architecture. Experimental evaluation on PASCAL-VOC and MS-COCO datasets achieved the detection rate increase of 11.4% and 1.9% on the mAP scale in comparison with the YOLO version-3 detector (Redmon and Farhadi 2018). An important step in the proposed learning-based feature fusion strategy is to correctly identify the layer feeding in new features. The present work shows a qualitative approach to identify the best layer for fusion and design steps for feeding in the additional feature sets in convolutional network-based detectors.
High Concentrations of Uric Acid and Angiotensin II Act Additively to Produce Endothelial Injury
Authors: Hong Quan , Wang Liyuan , Huang Zhiyong , Feng Zhe , Cui Shaoyuan , Fu Bo , Cai Guangyan , Chen Xiangmei , Wu Di
Published: May 2020

Renin angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) activation in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients is associated with elevated uric acid (UA) levels, resulting in endothelial system dysfunction. Our previous study demonstrated that excessive UA could cause endothelial injury through the aldose reductase (AR) pathway. This study is the first to show that a high concentration of Ang II in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) components, including O2⋅- and H2O2, and further aggravates endothelial system injury induced by high UA (HUA). In a MS/hyperuricemia model, nitric oxide (NO) production was decreased, followed by a decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the concentration of the endothelial injury marker von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the serum was increased. Treatment with catalase and polyethylene glycol covalently linked to superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) to individually remove H2O2 and O2⋅- or treatment with the AR inhibitor epalrestat decreased ROS and H2O2, increased NO levels and TAC, and reduced vWF release. Taken together, these data indicate that HUA and Ang II act additively to cause endothelial dysfunction via oxidative stress, and specific elimination of O2⋅- and H2O2 improves endothelial function. We provide theoretical evidence to prevent or delay endothelial injury caused by metabolic diseases.
Flanker Task-Elicited Event-Related Potential Sources Reflect Human Recombinant Erythropoietin Differential Effects on Parkinson’s Patients
Authors: Bringas Vega Maria L. , Liu Shengnan , Zhang Min , Pedroso Ibañez Ivonne , Morales Chacon Lilia M. , Galan Garcia Lidice , Perez Bocourt Vanessa , Jahanshahi Marjan , Valdes-Sosa Pedro A.
Published: May 2020

We used EEG source analysis to identify which cortical areas were involved in the automatic and controlled processes of inhibitory control on a flanker task and compared the potential efficacy of recombinant-human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on the performance of Parkinson’s Disease patients. The samples were 18 medicated PD patients (nine of them received rHuEPO in addition to their usual anti-PD medication through random allocation and the other nine patients were on their regular anti-PD medication only) and 9 age and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) who completed the flanker task with simultaneous EEG recordings. N1 and N2 event-related potential (ERP) components were identified and a low resolution tomography (LORETA) inverse solution was employed to localize the neural generators. Reaction times and errors were increased for the incongruent flankers for PD patients compared to controls. EEG source analysis identified an effect of rHuEPO on the lingual gyri for the early N1 component. N2-related sources in middle cingulate and precuneus were associated with the inhibition of automatic responses evoked by incongruent stimuli differentiated PD and HCs. From our results rHuEPO seems to mediate an effect on N1 sources in lingual gyri but not on behavioural performance. N2-related sources in middle cingulate and precuneus were evoked by incongruent stimuli differentiated PD and HCs.
EVOLVE: A Multicenter Open-Label Single-Arm Clinical and Translational Phase II Trial of Cediranib Plus Olaparib for Ovarian Cancer after PARP Inhibition Progression
Authors: Lheureux Stephanie , Oaknin Ana , Garg Swati , Bruce Jeffrey P. , Madariaga Ainhoa , Dhani Neesha C. , Bowering Valerie , White Justin , Accardi Sarah , Tan Qian , Braunstein Marsela , Karakasis Katherine , Cirlan Iulia , Pedersen Stephanie , Li Tiantiam , Fariñas-Madrid Lorena , Lee Yeh Chen , Liu Zhihui (Amy) , Pugh Trevor J. , Oza Amit M.
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are standard-of-care therapy for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We investigated combining cediranib (antiangiogenic) with olaparib (PARPi) at emergence of PARPi resistance.

Patients and Methods:

The proof-of-concept EVOLVE study (NCT02681237) assessed cediranib–olaparib combination therapy after progression on a PARPi. Women with HGSOC and radiographic evidence of disease progression were enrolled into one of three cohorts: platinum sensitive after PARPi; platinum resistant after PARPi; or progression on standard chemotherapy after progression on PARPi (exploratory cohort). Patients received olaparib tablets 300 mg twice daily with cediranib 20 mg once daily until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The coprimary endpoints were objective response rate (RECIST v1.1) and progression-free survival (PFS) at 16 weeks. Archival tissue (PARPi-naïve) and baseline biopsy (post-PARPi) samples were mandatory. Genomic mechanisms of resistance were assessed by whole-exome and RNA sequencing.

Results:

Among 34 heavily pretreated patients, objective responses were observed in 0 of 11 (0%) platinum-sensitive patients, 2 of 10 (20%) platinum-resistant patients, and 1 of 13 (8%) in the exploratory cohort. Sixteen-week PFS rates were 55%, 50%, and 39%, respectively. The most common grade 3 toxicities were diarrhea (12%) and anemia (9%). Acquired genomic alterations at PARPi progression were reversion mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, or RAD51B (19%); CCNE1 amplification (16%); ABCB1 upregulation (15%); and SLFN11 downregulation (7%). Patients with reversion mutations in homologous recombination genes and/or ABCB1 upregulation had poor outcomes.

Conclusions:

This is currently the largest post-PARPi study identifying genomic mechanisms of resistance to PARPis. In this setting, the activity of cediranib–olaparib varied according to the PARPi resistance mechanism.
Genomic Methods Identify Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Pancreas Adenocarcinoma and Optimize Treatment Selection
Authors: Park Wungki , Chen Jiapeng , Chou Joanne F. , Varghese Anna M. , Yu Kenneth H. , Wong Winston , Capanu Marinela , Balachandran Vinod , McIntyre Caitlin A. , El Dika Imane , Khalil Danny N. , Harding James J. , Ghalehsari Nima , McKinnell Zoe , Chalasani Sree B. , Makarov Vladimir , Selenica Pier , Pei Xin , Lecomte Nicolas , Kelsen David P. , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K. , Robson Mark E. , Zhang Liying , Berger Michael F. , Schultz Nikolaus , Chan Timothy A. , Powell Simon N. , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A. , Riaz Nadeem , O'Reilly Eileen M.
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

Genomic methods can identify homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Rigorous evaluation of their outcome association to DNA damage response–targeted therapies like platinum in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is essential in maximizing therapeutic outcome.

Experimental Design:

We evaluated progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced-stage PDAC, who had both germline- and somatic-targeted gene sequencing. Homologous recombination gene mutations (HRm) were evaluated: BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, BAP1, BARD1, BLM, BRIP1, CHEK2, FAM175A, FANCA, FANCC, NBN, RAD50, RAD51, RAD51C, and RTEL1 HRm status was grouped as: (i) germline versus somatic; (ii) core (BRCAs and PALB2) versus non-core (other HRm); and (iii) monoallelic versus biallelic. Genomic instability was compared using large-scale state transition, signature 3, and tumor mutation burden.

Results:

Among 262 patients, 50 (19%) had HRD (15% germline and 4% somatic). Both groups were analyzed together due to lack of difference in their genomic instability and outcome. Median [95% confidence interval (CI)] follow-up was 21.9 (1.4–57.0) months. Median OS and PFS were 15.5 (14.6–19) and 7 (6.1–8.1) months, respectively. Patients with HRD had improved PFS compared with no HRD when treated with first-line (1L) platinum [HR, 0.44 (95% CI: 0.29–0.67); P < 0.01], but not with 1L-non-platinum. Multivariate analysis showed HRD patients had improved OS regardless of their first-line treatment, but most had platinum exposure during their course. Biallelic HRm (11%) and core HRm (12%) had higher genomic instability, which translated to improved PFS on first-line platinum (1L-platinum) versus 1L-non-platinum.

Conclusions:

Pathogenic HRm identifies HRD in patients with PDAC with the best outcome when treated with 1L-platinum. Biallelic HRm and core HRm further enriched benefit from 1L-platinum from HRD.
A infância sob o fantasma dA-Criança
Authors: Buechler Flávia Tridapalli , Kamers Michele
Published: May 2020

Por meio da psicanálise e de sua interface com o campo da educação, este trabalho busca discutir o que a clínica com crianças revela acerca do mal-estar e dos imperativos de gozo produzidos pelos discursos dominantes de nossa época: o discurso da tecnociência e do capitalismo. Para tanto, destaca o lugar que a infância ocupa no projeto social moderno, a representação idealizada dA-Criança (Lajonquière, 2008, 2010) e a promessa ilusória de completude que o saber especializado e a lógica do mercado sustentam ao rechaçar o mal-estar estruturante do humano e da vida societária. Nesse sentido, reflete sobre a objetificação da criança-sujeito, o risco da não elaboração do luto dA-Criança maravilhosa e o posicionamento ético da clínica psicanalítica.
Didática Magna e Walden II
Authors: Batista Douglas Emiliano
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo cotejamos concepções político-educacionais de Comênio e Skinner presentes, respectivamente, na Didática Magna e em Walden II. Problematizamos se o fato dos autores superestimarem o método de ensino - como se este fosse uma infalível garantia de êxito educacional - seria suficiente para irmaná-los. Seguindo a ideia de que é estruturalmente impossível controlar os efeitos da educação, constatamos que em Comênio, mas não em Skinner, ocorre um significativo arrefecimento de tal pretensa infalibilidade metodológica. Essa divergência entre os autores deriva do modo distinto com que cada um concebe a política e lida com as finalidades e impossibilidades da política e da educação.
Psicanálise e os caminhos da política
Authors: Teshainer Marcus Cesar Ricci , D'Afonsseca Vanessa Cunha Prado
Published: May 2020

Resenha
Cardiac Energetics in Patients With Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Versus Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Peterzan Mark A. , Clarke William T. , Lygate Craig A. , Lake Hannah A. , Lau Justin Y.C. , Miller Jack J. , Johnson Errin , Rayner Jennifer J. , Hundertmark Moritz J. , Sayeed Rana , Petrou Mario , Krasopoulos George , Srivastava Vivek , Neubauer Stefan , Rodgers Christopher T. , Rider Oliver J.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Why some but not all patients with severe aortic stenosis (SevAS) develop otherwise unexplained reduced systolic function is unclear. We investigate the hypothesis that reduced creatine kinase (CK) capacity and flux is associated with this transition.

Methods:

We recruited 102 participants to 5 groups: moderate aortic stenosis (ModAS) (n=13), SevAS, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction ≥55% (SevAS-preserved ejection fraction, n=37), SevAS, LV ejection fraction <55% (SevAS-reduced ejection fraction, n=15), healthy volunteers with nonhypertrophied hearts with normal systolic function (normal healthy volunteer, n=30), and patients with nonhypertrophied, non–pressure-loaded hearts with normal systolic function undergoing cardiac surgery and donating LV biopsy (non–pressure-loaded heart biopsy, n=7). All underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and
31
P magnetic resonance spectroscopy for myocardial energetics. LV biopsies (AS and non–pressure-loaded heart biopsy) were analyzed for CK total activity, CK isoforms, citrate synthase activity, and total creatine. Mitochondria-sarcomere diffusion distances were calculated by using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy.

Results:

In the absence of failure, CK flux was lower in the presence of AS (by 32%,
P
=0.04), driven primarily by reduction in phosphocreatine/ATP (by 17%,
P
<0.001), with CK
k

f

unchanged (
P
=0.46). Although lowest in the SevAS-reduced ejection fraction group, CK flux was not different from the SevAS-preserved ejection fraction group (
P
>0.99). Accompanying the fall in CK flux, total CK and citrate synthase activities and the absolute activities of mitochondrial-type CK and CK-MM isoforms were also lower (
P
<0.02, all analyses). Median mitochondria-sarcomere diffusion distances correlated well with CK total activity (
r
=0.86,
P
=0.003).

Conclusions:

Total CK capacity is reduced in SevAS, with median values lowest in those with systolic failure, consistent with reduced energy supply reserve. Despite this, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures of resting CK flux suggest that ATP delivery is reduced earlier, at the moderate AS stage, where LV function remains preserved. These findings show that significant energetic impairment is already established in moderate AS and suggest that a fall in CK flux is not by itself a necessary cause of transition to systolic failure. However, because ATP demands increase with AS severity, this could increase susceptibility to systolic failure. As such, targeting CK capacity and flux may be a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat systolic failure in AS.
Early Administration of Adrenaline for Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ran Liyu , Liu Jinglun , Tanaka Hideharu , Hubble Michael W. , Hiroshi Takyu , Huang Wei
Published: May 2020

Background

The use of adrenaline in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients is still controversial. This study aimed to determine the effects of early pre‐hospital adrenaline administration in OHCA patients.

Methods and Results

PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library database were searched from study inception to February 2019 to identify studies that reported OHCA patients who received adrenaline. The primary outcome was survival to discharge, and the secondary outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation, favorable neurological outcome, and survival to hospital admission. A total of 574 392 patients were included from 24 studies. The use of early pre‐hospital adrenaline administration in OHCA patients was associated with a significant increase in survival to discharge (risk ratio [RR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.45–1.83;
P
<0.001) and return of spontaneous circulation (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.36–1.67;
P
<0.001), as well as a favorable neurological outcome (RR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.73–2.52;
P
<0.001). Patients with shockable rhythm cardiac arrest had a significantly higher rate of survival to discharge (RR, 5.86; 95% CI, 4.25–8.07;
P
<0.001) and more favorable neurological outcomes (RR, 5.10; 95% CI, 2.90–8.97;
P
<0.001) than non‐shockable rhythm cardiac arrest patients.

Conclusions

Early pre‐hospital administration of adrenaline to OHCA patients might increase the survival to discharge, return of spontaneous circulation, and favorable neurological outcomes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO
; Unique identifier: CRD42019130542.
The Body as Place in Time(s): Concepts of the Female Body in Medieval Japan
Authors: Tan Daniela
Published: May 2020

The body reflects the various timescales of human existence, such as physical processes and cosmological patterns.

This paper seeks to demonstrate conceptualizations of the female body in medieval Japan, using source texts specifically concerned with menstruation. Its investigative use of medical, religious and literary sources serves to address a variety of the dimensions of human existence. Medical writings such as the 14th century Man‘anpō and the Toni‘shō, both compiled by the monk physician Kajiwara Shōzen, deal with the female cycle as a physical phenomenon in correlation with natural cyclical patterns. The female cycle is not only connected to questions of reproduction and sexuality, but also to larger scale cosmological time frames, such as the cycle of the moon or the tides. Instructions given for the treatment of irregularities, along with preventive measures, take into consideration the large-scale time frame in resonance with the micro-level of the body.

Medical knowledge is complemented by religious texts, such as the Blood Bowl Sutra (Ketsubonkyō), that contextualize the perception of the female body within a religious dimension. The Buddhist worldview that permeates medical and literary texts of this era is also reflected in ideas about the female body. The varying physical, cosmological and religious chronomorphologies of the body reflect a multiplicity of time frames in medieval Japan.
Time and the Hydroelectric Dam
Authors: Murphy Kieran M.
Published: May 2020

The hydroelectric dam is an interface in which contrasting temporalities converge and undergo transformation. Its massive wall sits at the center of operations where age-old ecosystems clash with rapid modernization, white water turns into a placid lake, and dynamos convert the lake’s gravitational pull into high-voltage electrical current. The hydroelectric dam exploits and exacerbates differences among the temporalities distinguishing these operations to generate power. In doing so, it has rendered the variance of time more perceptible. To support this claim I focus on the iconic Hoover Dam and on the works of Oskar J. W. Hansen, Joan Didion, Allen Tupper True, Francis Ponge and Fabrice Gobert. The main themes I examine in their works pertain to the notion of temporal interface and to the conceptions of deep, nested and haunted time.
Key Aspects of Combined Thinking of the brics Countries on the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Bokeriya Svetlana
Published: May 2020

This article analyses the key aspects of the brics countries’ joint position on the ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P) concept, as well as the degree of their influence on transforming R2P into a global norm. The author’s aim was to answer the following questions: What interconnection is there between the brics and R2P discourses? How can brics stimulate an alternative interpretation of the R2P idea? In terms of cross-border partnerships, is R2P-based cooperation possible within the brics framework, and are states ready to expand it in the future? brics member states have demonstrated several common approaches to R2P, including their reliance on mechanisms strengthening the role of the state, their support for the UN position on peaceful conflict settlement, and preventive diplomacy.
A new species of Microgecko Nikolsky, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Pakistan
Authors: MASROOR RAFAQAT , KHISROON MUHAMMAD , KHAN MUAZZAM ALI , JABLONSKI DANIEL
Published: May 2020

Members of the dwarf geckos of the genus Microgecko Nikolsky, 1907 are distributed from western Iran to northwestern India, with seven currently recognized species. Three taxa have been reported from Pakistan, M. depressus, M. persicus persicus and M. p. euphorbiacola. The former is the only endemic species restricted to Pakistan. Herein, we describe a new species, Microgecko tanishpaensis sp. nov., on the basis of four specimens collected from the remote area of the Toba Kakar Range in northwestern Balochistan. The type locality lies in an isolated valley in mountainous terrain known for the occurrence of other endemic reptile species, including geckos. Microgecko tanishpaensis sp. nov. is differentiated from the morphologically similar species M. depressus by possessing larger size, five scales bordering the nostril, internasals (supranasals) scales in contact with nostril, two large pairs of postmentals, higher numbers of interorbitals (27–30), scales around midbody (76–84), ventral scales from the postmental to vent (144–156) and scales along dorsal midline from axilla to groin (75–86). A morphological comparison of M. tanishpaensis sp. nov. with other species of the genus and an updated identification key for the genus Microgecko are presented.
On the Performance of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Driven by the ERA5 Reanalysis over the Canadian Boreal Forest
Authors: Alves M. , Nadeau D. F. , Music B. , Anctil F. , Parajuli A.
Published: May 2020

The Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) has been applied over the years in coupled and uncoupled (offline) modes at local, regional, and global scales using various forcing datasets. In this study, CLASS is applied at a local scale in the offline configuration to evaluate its performance when driven by the ERA5 reanalysis. Simulated surface energy fluxes, as well as several other water balance components, are investigated at four sites across the Canadian boreal biome. The results from CLASS driven by ERA5 (CLASS-RNL) are compared with available in situ measurements, as well as with results from CLASS driven by observations (CLASS-CTL). Additional simulations are conducted to evaluate the effects of biases in the ERA5 precipitation, where CLASS is forced by ERA5 data, but with ERA5 precipitation being replaced by observed precipitation (CLASS-RNL-ObsP). The results show that simulated surface variables in CLASS-RNL are in good agreement with observations as well as with those simulated in CLASS-CTL. The CLASS-RNL captures well the observed annual cycles of the surface energy and water fluxes, as well as the year-to-year variation of snow depth, soil temperature, and soil moisture. A strong correlation is found between the observed and CLASS-RNL simulated snow depth and soil temperature. Biases in the ERA5 precipitation did not affect the simulation of soil state variables, whereas the simulated surface heat and water fluxes, as well as the snow depth, were significantly affected. For instance, the simulated runoff in CLASS-RNL is much higher than in CLASS-RNL-ObsP and CLASS-CTL at the most humid sites due to significant positive bias in ERA5 precipitation.
Scientific Hegemony and the Field of Autism
Authors: Decoteau Claire Laurier , Daniel Meghan
Published: May 2020

Autism is one of the twenty-first century’s most contested illnesses. Early controversies around vaccine harm have irrevocably structured the field of autism science. Despite incredible investment in genetic research on autism over the past 30 years, scientists have failed to identify a set of “genes for” autism, and genomic causality has become more complex. Yet, orthodox genetic explanations for autism have retained dominance over a vociferous field of heterodox experts pointing to a series of environmental insults (vaccines, heavy metal exposure, overuse of antibiotics, toxic pollution) as the main causes of autism. To make sense of this puzzling trend, we develop a novel theoretical synthesis combining a Bourdieusian field analysis with a Gramscian conception of hegemony, centered around the concept of “subsumptive orthodoxy.” Analyzing multiple years of archival data from the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee, we argue that when faced with heterodox challenges, dominant members of the field shore up hegemony by incorporating environmental causal factors into the genome, thus engaging in subsumptive orthodoxy. This move gives rhetorical space to environmental explanations without providing them substantive causal weight, which renders particular environmental causes (like vaccines) impossible. This article traces the strategies dominant members of the field use to retain control over the definition and etiology of autism. We develop the broader implications of the study within autism science and beyond.
Authenticity, Consumer Culture and Charismatic Authority1
Authors: Gauthier François
Published: May 2020

This article is divided into four parts which move the discussion from authenticity to consumerism to charismatic authority. The introduction discusses “what is authenticity,” and how social sciences can address the question. The article argues that authenticity claims can be classified in different registers, which in turn are part of overarching, socio-historical regimes. The rise of the culture of authenticity is the product of a change in such regimes, which have shifted from a “national-statist” to a new consumerist or “market” regime in the wake of the consumer revolution of the 1960s and the latest wave of economic globalisation. The third section turns to the issue of religious authority, starting with the diagnosis that consumer cultures are prone to a shift from rational-legal to charismatic types of authority, in reference to Max Weber’s typology. In response to the question as to why charismatic authorities arise in capitalist cultures, the article argues to their structural and coextensive nature. Finally, the last section revises Weber’s typologies with the help of Mauss’s Essay on the Gift and a contribution from sociologist Alain Caillé and develops some of their heuristic potential.
Attitudes Toward Migrants in a Highly Impacted Economy: Evidence From the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Jordan
Authors: Alrababa’h Ala’ , Dillon Andrea , Williamson Scott , Hainmueller Jens , Hangartner Dominik , Weinstein Jeremy
Published: May 2020

With international migration at a record high, a burgeoning literature has explored the drivers of public attitudes toward migrants. However, most studies to date have focused on developed countries, which have relatively fewer migrants and more capacity to absorb them. We address this sample bias by conducting a survey of public attitudes toward Syrians in Jordan, a developing country with one of the largest shares of refugees. Our analysis indicates that neither personal- nor community-level exposure to the economic impact of the refugee crisis is associated with antimigrant sentiments among natives. Furthermore, an embedded conjoint experiment validated with qualitative evidence demonstrates the relative importance of humanitarian and cultural concerns over economic ones. Taken together, our findings weaken the case for egocentric and sociotropic economic concerns as critical drivers of antimigrant attitudes and demonstrate how humanitarian motives can sustain support for refugees when host and migrant cultures are similar.
Notch Regulates Fibrocartilage Stem Cell Fate and Is Upregulated in Inflammatory TMJ Arthritis
Authors: Ruscitto A. , Scarpa V. , Morel M. , Pylawka S. , Shawber C.J. , Embree M.C.
Published: May 2020

The Notch pathway is critical for the development of the extracellular matrix in cartilage by regulating both anabolic and catabolic cellular activities. Similarly, Notch signaling plays a biphasic role in adult cartilage health and osteoarthritis by maintaining homeostasis and contributing to degeneration, respectively. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the synovial joint of the craniofacial complex and is subject to injury and osteoarthritis. While Notch has been studied in axial skeletal joints, little is known about the role of Notch in TMJ development and disease. We identified fibrocartilage stem cells (FCSCs) localized within the TMJ condyle superficial zone niche that regenerate cartilage and repair joint injury. Here we investigate the role of Notch in regulating TMJ development and FCSC fate. Using a Notch reporter mouse, we discovered FCSCs localized within the TMJ superficial niche exhibit Notch activity during TMJ morphogenesis. We further showed that constitutively activating Notch promotes FCSC differentiation toward both cartilage and bone lineages, but inhibits adipogenesis. Using a TNF-α–induced TMJ inflammatory arthritis mouse model, we found that the expression of Notch receptors and ligands are upregulated and coupled with cells undergoing cartilage to bone transdifferentiation, which may contribute to TMJ pathogenesis. We also discovered that global Notch inhibition reduces osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of FCSCs. Together, these findings suggest that Notch is critical for FCSC fate specification and TMJ homeostasis, and reveal that inhibition of the Notch pathway may be a new therapeutic target for treating TMJ osteoarthritis.
Shaping Public Opinion about Regional Integration: The Rhetoric of Justification and Party Cues
Authors: Vössing Konstantin
Published: May 2020

The article investigates how justifications used by politicians to explain their positions on policies of regional integration shape public opinion about these policies. I argue that support for a policy position increases when politicians tailor their justifications to the expectations of their audience, and I suggest that this happens even when party cues offer a less effortful way of forming opinions. I test my theoretical expectations in laboratory experiments with diverse samples, which manipulate party cues and justifications for a policy of European integration. I find that citizens use justifications and cues to form opinions. The relative importance of the two factors depends on individual dispositions and political context. In a non-competitive context (study 1), politically invested citizens use cues, while uninvested citizens use justifications. In a competitive context (study 2), the opinions of politically invested citizens are shaped by both factors, while the opinions of uninvested citizens become erratic.