bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of economic incentives on population instability in rural settlements (case study: Khoosf county)
Authors: Niyazi Mahdi , Jafari Hamid , Alizadeh Katayoun
Published: June 2021

La investigación se aplica en términos de propósito y naturaleza y es descriptivo-analítico, en términos de metodología. La población consistió en 41 aldeas sobre 100 poblaciones con 4226 hogares y 13892 poblaciones que de acuerdo a la distribución geográfica, categorización poblacional y declive poblacional durante 2006 y 2016, se seleccionó como muestra el 20% de ellos (8 aldeas) con 796 hogares. Se distribuyó un total de 259 cuestionarios (basados en la fórmula de Cochran) entre los hogares de la muestra según el método aleatorio simple. En este estudio, se utilizó la prueba t de una muestra para analizar los datos cuantitativos y la prueba de Friedman para clasificar el efecto de los incentivos económicos sobre la inestabilidad de la población.
Leopard and its mythological-epic motifs in Shahnameh and four other epic works (Garshasbnameh, Kushnameh, Bahmannameh and Borzunameh)
Authors: Sharifizad Nasrin , Shah Badi’zadeh Mohammad , Ashrafzadeh Reza
Published: June 2021

The concept or symbol of the leopard in this research relies on its positive aspect, sometimes it is one of the goddesses and is respected and sometimes it is a symbol of courage, strength and victory.
Mythical Aspects of the Cane of Moses in Persian Exegeses
Authors: Kahani Zahra Mousavi , Fazeli Mohammad , Damghani Mahmoud Mahdavi
Published: June 2021

The stories and parables that we see in Quran have a logical course but our Persian exegetical texts are full of appendices which have become combined with myth. In Quran, the word “myths” is of a negative content but the reality is that human mind tends to add to the significance of the event by exaggeration and empowerment of the persons and objects. The story of Moses in Quran is one of the most extensive stories and his cane is capable of turning to a mythical symbol. Thus, this essay studies the mythocentric approach of it in four Persian exegeses.
Presenting an Extended Model of Money Laundering Control According to Factors Related to Transparency in the Banking System of Islamic Republic of Iran (Case study of Melli Bank of Iran)
Authors: Torabian Abdolmehdi , Pourkiani Masoud , Arabpour Alireza
Published: June 2021

The method of data collection in this study was a combination of library and field studies and data were collected through reviewing of documents, interviews and questionnaires (2 questionnaires) that their validity and reliability of were confirmed with a high percentage. The research data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS 22 software. The research results confirmed the research model and showed that controlling and supervising foreign currencies, creating a powerful organization, providing statistical reports, the role of supervisors and transparency in financial and administrative systems are effective in controlling money laundering.
Investigation of Correlation between Entrepreneurial Strategies and Resistance Economics Policy in Copper Company
Authors: Sharifi Azizieh , Tavakoli Alireza Manzari , Salajegheh Sanjar , Sayadi Saeed
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between entrepreneurial strategy and resistance economy policy in Kerman Copper Company. The research is applied and descriptive. The statistical population consisted of 400 experts, supervisors and managers of Shahid Bahonar Copper Company in Kerman. Based on Morgan table, the sample size was 196 people. The standard questionnaire was used for data collection. The validity of the questionnaires was 0.93 and 0.91 respectively and the reliability of the questionnaires was higher than 0.7. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and structural equation modeling test by Amos software. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurial strategy and resistance economy policy in Kerman Copper Company. On this basis, it can be said that the promotion of entrepreneurial strategies will facilitate the implementation of the Resilience Policy.
Ornithosymbols of the Kalmyk Language: Thanatological Aspect
Authors: Lidzhiev Alexander B. , Kukeev Adieian G. , Monraev Michail U. , Ochirova Nudlya Ch. , Mukabenova Zhanna A.
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the ethnolinguistic study of the bird symbolism in the culture of Kalmyks and other Mongolian peoples. The work presents the main characteristics of bird symbolism, reflecting the most common images in the conceptions of Kalmyks, however, the main attention is paid to the thanatological aspect, this is due to the special specifics and a number of stereotypes in perception of some bird species. The most widespread thanatological symbol in the Kalmyk language and in the culture of the Mongol peoples dedicated to death is the raven and the owl. The objective of the work is to conduct an ethnolinguistic study of thanatological symbolism of birds in the Kalmyk culture, which is based on folklore and ethnographic material. The methodology of the study has been a complex method, which involves a comprehensive study of the material. The result of the work shows that traditionally, the Mongolian peoples have developed a set of symbols that are the most significant and revered. Signs and superstitions allow us to reconstruct the ethnic picture of the world and have a pronounced ethnocultural specificity, in which the experience of the people and stereotypes of ethnic consciousness are concentrated.
Experimental work of forming professional foreign language competence of law students
Authors: Dina Demchenko , Shynkarov Oleg , Zaichenko Liliia
Published: June 2021

The effectiveness of the system of professional training of future specialists is mostly defined by how consistently it is taken into account. Both students and professors understand the dependence of success of legal activity on the level of formed professional foreign language competence. Professional foreign language competence of future representative of legal profession, prioritize knowledge of foreign professional terminology, knowledge of legal systems of foreign countries. In addition to knowledge, students and professors noted the importance of applying this knowledge in practical international activities to achieve the success in formation of foreign language competence of future lawyers.
CULTURE AND TOURISM IN DUBROVNIK
Authors: Ban Ivo , Vrtiprah Vesna
Published: June 2021

Dubrovnik's market position was weakening already in the latter half of the 1980s, and the long absence from the evermore demanding tourist market as a consequence of war created additional problems. All this, alongside the unavoidable process of transition and other associated problems, contributed to the serious difficulties facing Dubrovnik's tourism. This paper explores the kind of consequences war had on the tourism of Dubrovnik and the extent to which cultural heritage was adequately represented both in the tourist supply of Dubrovnik and on the international market. The purpose is to complete an analysis of the existing situation as a basis for the formulation of future strategic goals. With this in mind, the paper presents some directions for the future development of tourism in Dubrovnik.
THE USE OF POWERPOINT IN TEACHING OF ITALIAN FOR HOSPITALITY PURPOSES
Authors: Štefan Željka
Published: June 2021

The fast technological development opens up the possibility of always new means that can be used in the teaching of foreign languages. One of these possibilities is the use of PowerPoint in the preparation and the realisation of lectures. The program itself is thought for the presentation of new information. Apart from that, it can be used in the teaching while practising the knowledge, in its transformation and updating. As a teaching aid, it is a great step ahead from the usage of projectors because of being livelier, more dynamic and visually more attractive. The new teaching aids seek new approach of teaching. In this work we shall propose possible approaches for the functional use of PowerPoint in the teaching of Italian for specific purposes.
ORAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATIVE PATTERNS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING (ELT) FOR THE HOTEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
Authors: Bosnar-Valković Brigita
Published: June 2021

Regarding language as more than simply a system of rules, we need to distinguish between knowing various grammatical rules and being able to use the rules effectively and appropriately when communicating. This view has underpinned communicative language teaching which is a very important component of the English teaching material used with our students. It should be emphasized that communicative language teaching in the field of the hotel and tourism industry covers spoken as well written language for specific purposes. Written language being characterised by well-formed sentences integrated into structured paragraphs differs sharply from spoken language consisting of short utterances with the loosely organised syntax, the use of non-specific words and phrases and the use of fillers such as "well", "oh" etc. The English teaching material we are working with at our associate degree faculty tries to cover the needs of oral and written communication in the field of the hotel and tourism industry and because of that some of its parts and exercises are presented in this paper.
THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF DECISION-MAKING IN ADVERTISING IN CONTINENTAL TOURISM
Authors: Brajdić Igor
Published: June 2021

One of the primary functions of a tourist enterprise is advertising, as a component of the broader marketing function. Each function has its specific traits which are manifested in the various processes of the enterprise, one of the more important being decision-making. It is assumed that in continental tourism, due to its predominant orientation in providing more food and beverage services and less hotel services, special features in decision-making can be found within the advertising function. The empirical study carried out in part of continental tourism involving the region of the Croatia Zagorje was aimed at a range of typical characteristics of decision-making such as types of decisions, the methods of decision-making, the outcome of alternatives, the monitoring of effects and the measures of improving decision-making. Regarding types of decisions, the majority of managers and executives feel that, to a very large extent, satisfactory decisions are being taken, as well as routine decisions, which are in accordance with the predominant orientation of providing the fundamental catering services. Due to a general orientation towards group decision-making, it follows that, when choosing advertising media, the management structure contacts the executive personnel only randomly. From the latter group of questions, it can be concluded that in the enterprises surveyed anything that has to do with science is applied to the least possible measure.
THE INTEGRATION OF CROATIAN HOTEL INDUSTRY INTO THE STANDARD EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Avelini Holjevac Ivanka , Maškarin Helga
Published: June 2021

International standard system of business performance indicators used by the hotel industry consists of two parts: standard financial ratios - that are accepted and used by companies regardless of industry type, and standard business ratios for the hotel industry - a part that encompasses and reflects the characteristics of the hotel business operation. When defining the indicators and building the systems of indicators, it is necessary to take into consideration that they have to be adjusted to the characteristics of hotel operation, they have to reflect the quality of the business success, they have to be measurable and complement each other, be complete and comparable with similar companies and their business branch. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the integration of Croatian hotel industry into the European and international standard system for performance measurement. To enter the standard international hotel business information and communication system, certain conditions and standards need to be fulfilled. These conditions and standards are discussed in this paper.
FROM MULTIPLIER TO TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNT (TSA): Deviations of Theory from Practise
Authors: Kobašić Antun
Published: June 2021

By estimating the impact of tourism on different economic and non-economic activities in national, as well as regional economy, most of the authors have tried to offer some models (and theoretical paradigms) but none successfully applicable in practice has been discovered by now. The very divergence between theory and its application in practice is the reason of this dispute and in this case limited only to the three known theories/methods ("Tourist Multiplier", "Cost-Benefit methode", and "Tourism Satellite Account - TSA") with the outstanding cash/divergence that as theoretical conception and methods can harly be followed or applied in practice.
COMPETÊNCIA PARA JULGAR CONTROVÉRSIAS SOBRE QUESTÕES AFETAS À FASE PRÉ-CONTRATUAL DE ADMISSÃO DE PESSOAL E EVENTUAL NULIDADE DO CERTAME, EM FACE DAS SOCIEDADES DE ECONOMIA MISTA
Authors: de Carvalho Adriana Ribeiro
Published: June 2021

O trabalho analisa a competência da justiça trabalhista após a reforma do texto constitucional pela Emenda nº 45 que inseriu a expressão “relação de trabalho” e ensejou diversos debates acadêmicos e jurisprudenciais sobre a abrangência do termo. A pesquisa observa que a jurisprudência tem decidido pela competência da justiça especializada quando se percebe evidente a relação de trabalho, com incidência das regras do direito laboral, apontando, no entanto, o aspecto residual dessa escolha. A pesquisa também abordou relações de trabalho que deverão, obrigatoriamente, se iniciar mediante instrumentos típicos de outros ramos do direito. As sociedades de economia mista admitem seus funcionários públicos após a seleção por concurso público. Nesse caso, a relação trabalhista nasce de uma prévia relação administrativa. Assim, a pesquisa observou que, ao definir a competência para processar e julgar controvérsias acerca da fase pré contratual de seleção e de admissão de pessoal pelas pessoas jurídicas da Administração Pública Indireta, o Supremo Tribunal Federal seguiu o padrão observado nas controvérsias anteriores. Até então, havia divergência entre duas correntes paralelas. A justiça comum, representada pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça mantinha o entendimento de que as regras aplicadas à questão são eminentemente de direito administrativo e, portanto, de sua competência. Noutro giro, o Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, possuía entendimento de que a questão se revelava como pré-contratual a uma relação de trabalho, apta a invocar a competência da especializada. Analisada a decisão sobre a questão da competência, a pesquisa buscou averiguar as consequências processuais de tamanha modificação.
ANÁLISE DO DIREITO À LIBERDADE SINDICAL FACE À REFORMA TRABALHISTA
Authors: Gomes Marckjones Santana , Rosa e Silva Túlio Macedo
Published: June 2021

A proteção à liberdade sindical, fundamento por excelência do sindicalismo, está inserida em convenções da OIT, reconhecida como direito humano fundamental na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos da ONU e prevista em diferentes tratados internacionais de direitos humanos. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste na análise da liberdade sindical diante das alterações realizadas pela Reforma Trabalhista, aprovada pela Lei n. 13.467/2017, por meio do estudo dos principais motivos para a aprovação da referida lei, das consequências relacionadas à extinção da obrigatoriedade da cobrança da contribuição sindical, bem como da pesquisa sobre os impactos da reforma na representação sindical dos trabalhadores. O trabalho verificou que as alterações introduzidas pela Lei n. 13.467/2017 no ordenamento jurídico nacional violam a proteção à liberdade sindical, pois fomentaram o enfraquecimento e a desarticulação das entidades sindicais, limitando sua função de lutar por melhores condições de trabalho.
ENTRE A CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DA LGBTFOBIA E A RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO NÃO-CRIMINAL
Authors: Castilho Bruno Medinilla de , Borges Paulo César  Corrêa
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal refletir acerca da eficácia da utilização do Direito Penal como forma de combate à LGBTfobia. Desse modo, propôs-se a discutir se a criminalização deve ser utilizada como ferramenta antidiscriminatória ou se a responsabilização do agente deve enveredar-se em outra direção. Desse modo, utilizando-se do método lógico-dedutivo, intentou-se a realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica acerca de artigos, teses e reportagens que versam a respeito da utilização do Direito Penal como instrumento antidiscriminatório, de modo a considerar o uso do Direito Penal Simbólico como parâmetro principal para pensar o papel emblemático que o ato de criminalizar representa. Em contrapartida, pensou-se a responsabilização não-criminal do sujeito, sob o ponto de vista das políticas públicas e de pontual legislação estrangeira, quais sejam, a Lei de Gênero Argentina e a Lei Integral Trans do Uruguai. Então, por derradeiro, realizou-se uma síntese, através do método dialético, sobre os argumentos favoráveis e contrários à criminalização da LGBTfobia. Embora ambas as vertentes tenham arguido pontos de reflexão de extrema importância, como a alta legitimidade do aparato criminal e a seletividade penal que permeia o sistema, roga-se uma atuação estatal que não tenha a criminalização como fonte única e exclusiva de combate aos atos de preconceito, mas que pode utilizá-la como uma das medidas, em seu viés repressivo. As experiências estrangeiras, como da Argentina e do Uruguai, aliadas às noções de políticas públicas alternativas à via criminal, reforçam essa ponderação conclusiva.
A DEFESA DO CONTRIBUINTE E O PROCESSO ADMINISTRATIVO FISCAL
Authors: Silva Tainá Belo Paz da , Rocha Suyene Monteiro da
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o funcionamento do processo administrativo fiscal, sob a ótica do decreto lei nº 70.235/72, com ênfase na sua fase contenciosa e concatenou com a execução dos meios de defesa do contribuinte deliberadamente apoiados nos princípios da constituição. A partir de seu objeto central de estudo o Processo Administrativo Fiscal (PAF) a pesquisa se caracteriza como descritiva, alicerçada no método dedutivo, com uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando as técnicas documental e bibliográfica. Se caracteriza por ser um estudo multifacetado ao conectar o direito tributário, direito administrativo e o direito constitucional. Por fim a exposição desse trabalho teve como escopo a análise do funcionamento do PAF e concluiu-se sobre a importância do cumprimento das fases procedimentais de arguição de defesa do sujeito passivo no processo administrativo fiscal, com observância das garantias fundamentais constitucionais no âmbito administrativo, e evidenciou-se a importância das  impugnações ante as atividades e arbitrariedades estatais.
Optimal Cloud Assistance Policy of End-Edge-Cloud Ecosystem for Mitigating Edge Distributed Denial of Service Attacks
Authors: Li Teng
Published: June 2021

Edge computing has become a fundamental technology for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To provide reliable services for latency-sensitive applications, edge servers must respond to end devices within the shortest amount of time possible. Edge distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, which render edge servers unusable by legitimate IoT applications by sending heavy requests from distributed attacking sources, is a threat that leads to severe latency. To protect edge servers from DDoS attacks, a hybrid computing paradigm known as an end-edge-cloud ecosystem provides a possible solution. Cloud assistance is allowed with this architecture. Edge servers can upload their pending tasks onto a cloud center for a workload reduction when encountering a DDoS attack, similar to borrowing resources from the cloud. Nevertheless, before using the ecosystem to mitigate edge DDoS attacks, we must address the core problem that edge servers must decide when and to what extent they should upload tasks to the cloud center. In this study, we focus on the design of optimal cloud assistance policies. First, we propose an edge workload evolution model that describes how the workload of the edge servers change over time with a given cloud assistance policy. On this basis, we quantify the effectiveness of the policy by using the resulting overall latency and formulate an optimal control problem for seeking optimal policies that can minimize such latency. We then provide solutions by deriving the optimality system and discuss some properties of the optimal solutions to accelerate the problem solving. Next, we introduce a numerical iterative algorithm to seek solutions that can satisfy the optimality system. Finally, we provide several illustrative numerical examples. The results show that the optimal policies obtained can effectively mitigate edge DDoS attacks.
Watershed prioritization for soil erosion mapping for the Lesser Himalayan Indian basin using PCA, WSA method in conjunction with morphometric parameters and GIS-based approach
Authors: Kumar Atul , Singh Sunil , Pramanik Malay , Chaudhary Shairy , Maurya Ashwani Kumar , Kumar Manoj
Published: June 2021

Watersheds in the subtropical Himalayan basins are highly prone to land degradation due to deforestation, landslides, intensive agriculture, population pressure, and overgrazing, in particular, where various fluvial and denudation processes occur. It is important to assess the magnitude of problem and to understand the erosion process under normal conditions, so that effective measures can be implemented. Therefore, the study selected Kalsa watershed from the Lesser Himalayan region, where soil erosion is more prominent. Regarding this issue, to identify the hotspot of soil erosion of the basin, watershed prioritization methods using advanced geographical information system and remote sensing techniques integrated with weighted sum analysis (WSA) and principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, a comparison has been made to evaluate the performance of these models. The study considered sixteen different morphometric parameters, including linear (Rho coefficient, stream frequency, drainage density, length of overland flow, drainage texture, and constant of channel maintenance); landscape (relative relief, relief ratio, basin slope, and ruggedness number); and shape (elongation ratio, form factor, circulatory ratio, and compactness coefficient). Both the method PCA and WSA indicate the same results showing high priority, meaning the outlet watersheds have high priority. The sub-watersheds in the north-eastern part have the lowest priority. The results also show that the length overland flow, relative relief, basin relief ratio and hypsometric integral are the most important indicators. The sub-watersheds prioritize high ranks, medium ranks, and low ranks out of 10 sub-watersheds covering about 45.32%, 27.78% and 26.90% area of the Kalsa River watershed, respectively. This study will help regional planners, farmers, and governments take more detailed decisions to propose efficient soil erosion control measures and conservation priorities of the watershed. The study findings have implications for sustainable land management and conservation goal targets (target 2.3 and 2.4; target 3.9; target 13.1, 13.2 and 13.3; target 15.3 and 15.4), which finally helps to achieve the United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
A Comparative Book Recommendation System using Apriori & FP Growth Algorithm Removing the Barriers of Time & Memory Constraint.
Authors: Dey Avick Kumar , Sharma Rahul
Published: June 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Active Management of Fruit Orchard Meadows Under The Influence of Suburbanization is Important for Insect Diversity
Authors: Rada Patrik , Bogusch Petr , Pech Pavel , Pavlíček Jan , Rom Jiří , Horák Jakub
Published: June 2021

Fruit orchards under different types of management represent the most common agroforestry practice in central Europe. Traditional fruit orchards with trees usually planted in meadows are at a surplus, providing suitable habitats for many plant and animal species. We examined the influence of different management and biotope types on three insect groups. This study was conducted in thirty orchards across the capital city of the Czech Republic – Prague (496 km²). We investigated the diversities of butterflies, hymenopterans and beetles. Their species richnesses mainly benefitted from orchard management and were partly higher at xerothermic sites than at mesic sites. Red-listed species did not show any clear patterns. Open-landscape specialists were influenced by management, while forest species were influenced by habitat type. Generally, orchard abandonment led to insect biodiversity loss. Therefore, active agricultural management appears to be essential for insect biodiversity conservation in orchards, and different management and biotope types provide suitable conditions for specific species. Mowing and maintaining orchards are two important biodiversity management actions in highly human-populated landscapes.
Sero-epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Darfur area, Western Sudan
Authors: Alfouz Wefag , A/Raouf Yazeed , Ahmed Nussiba , Hamid Alsadig E. , Osman Nussieba A.
Published: June 2021

A total of 367 bovine sera positive to antibodies against non-structural proteins (NSPs) of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus were screened for serotype O, A and SAT2 antibodies using the virus neutralization test (VNT). Sera had been collected in 2016 from North (228) and South (139) Darfur States in Western Sudan, where high and low circulation of FMD virus, respectively, prevailed. Tested sera represented the positive-NSPs lot in a random sample of 669 sera collected from both States. According to standard statistical methods, calculations for serial testing (NSPs ELISA and VNT) were applied to estimate prevalence rates of serotype specific antibodies in the two States. In each State, around 20% of NSPs positive sera failed typing. Prevalence's detected were 49%±5% (O), 27%±5% (A) and 14%±4% (SAT2) in North Darfur State and 27%±5% (O), 17%±4% (A) and 8.0%±3% (SAT2) in South Darfur State. In both States, prevalence rates were significantly higher for serotype O, followed by A then SAT2; the same order that was known in most parts of Sudan. Consistently, estimated prevalence's were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05) in North Darfur than in South Darfur State. Apart from serotype SAT2, detected prevalence rates were lower or similar to those inside the country in previous occasions. Frequency and pattern of distribution of serotype O prevalence were consistent with its suggested pattern of circulation from the Nile valley to other parts in Sudan and significant within the country's circulation. Alternatively, serotype SAT2 prevalence and distribution in Darfur area were suggestive of sporadic occurrence. However, slightly higher prevalence rates of SAT2 antibodies in Darfur than in neighbouring Kordofan areas in 2013 reflected the wide dissemination of SAT2 (http://www.wrlfmd.org) in Sudan in early 2014. Risk of FMD in Darfur seemed to be associated with the movement of animals to the North in the wet season as part of the pastoral system, and with movement related to trade into urban centers more than with pastoralism across the Western borders. Generally, the result presented little evidence to suggest presence of FMD primary endemic foci in Darfur area.
A Substitute Presumptive Test for Screening of Semen using Sodium –p– Nitrophenyl Phosphate (NaPNPP)
Authors: Njau Daniel , Lunayo Accadius , Odour Johansen
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn forensic investigation of alleged sexual crimes, presumptive semen detection test methods are commonly used to reach preliminary identification of seminal fluid in questioned samples. These methods are based on the detection of components of semen such as enzyme acid phosphatase (AP). Of these methods, the acid phosphatase identification method still remains the most reliable and widely used presumptive test due to high activity of the AP in seminal fluid. In standard AP test, Bretamine Fast Blue B (FBB) reagent is used. However FBB has been explicitly classified as carcinogenic. Although FBB has been handled safely over time, there is a need at the moment to develop a simple, readily available, reliable and efficient method for screening the presence of semen in any material collected as evidence in a sexual assault crime.Given the improved sensitivity of DNA profiling tests that have been introduced in to routine forensic casework over recent years, the need for improved sensitivity at this first stage of detection has never been higher. FindingsHere we highlight a simple method using readily available reagents in standard biochemical laboratory as a substitute for the standard AP test for seminal fluid identification from a crime scene. This method is based on the hydrolysis of sodium–p-nitrophenyl phosphate at pH 5.5 by the acid phosphatase to produce an intense yellow coloured complex in 15 seconds. ConclusionsThe method presented is sensitive, reliable, efficient and routinely used in standard biochemical and pathology laboratories for spectrophotometric analysis of alkaline phosphatase. It can be easily and readily applied as a preliminary test for identification of semen at a crime scene that involves sexual assault.
Multiple-deme parallel genetic algorithm based on modular neural network for effective load shedding
Authors: Gholami-Rahimabadi Ali , Razmi Hadi , Doagou-Mojarrad Hasan
Published: June 2021

One of the most effective corrective control strategies to prevent voltage collapse and instability is load shedding. In this paper, a multiple-deme parallel genetic algorithm (MDPGA) is used for a suitable design of load shedding. The load shedding algorithm is implemented when the voltage stability margin index of the power system is lower than a predefined value. In order to increase the computational speed, the voltage stability margin index is estimated by a modular neural network method in a fraction of a second. In addition, in order to use the exact values of the voltage stability margin index for neural network training, a simultaneous equilibrium tracing technique has been employed considering the detailed model of the components of the generating units such as the governor and the excitation system. In the proposed algorithm, the entire population is partitioned into several isolated subpopulations (demes) in which demes distributed in different processors and individuals may migrate occasionally from one subpopulation to another. The proposed technique has been tested on New England-39 bus test system and the obtained results indicate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Variation Characteristics Of Different Types And Grades of Daily Precipitation In Tarim Basin
Authors: Abbas Alim , Zhang Tai-xi , He Qing , Bo Lu , Jin Lili , Zhang Junlan , Salam Akida
Published: June 2021

Recently, climate change has attracted many researchers worldwide, among which the analysis of different levels of precipitation changes is essential. In this study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations in the precipitation amount, precipitation days, precipitation intensity, and contribution rates in the Tarim Basin (TB) from 1961–2019. Our results demonstrate that the annual mean rainstorm, trace amounts of snow, and light snow exhibit downward trends, while all the other precipitation types increase. Both rainfall and snowfall were mainly concentrated in the western mountainous region. Rainstorms in the eastern parts of the TB were significantly higher than those in the western parts. Heavy rainstorm intensity is mainly concentrated on the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. The spatial distribution of trace amounts of snow, light snow, and moderate snow intensities has no prominent regional distribution characteristics. Heavy snow is mainly concentrated in the northern parts of the TB, whereas snowstorms are mainly concentrated in the western parts of the TB. Heavy snowstorms occur at a few stations in western mountainous areas. The relative contribution to total precipitation is the largest for rainfall, the second largest for snowfall, and the smallest for rain and snow. In the TB, the contribution of light rain/light drizzle to the total rainfall is the largest or smallest at 42-71 %/0.8-2.2 %. The contribution of light snow/trace amounts of snow to the total snowfall is the higest and lowest between 28.74~71.95 % and 1.60~13.61 %.
Towards a business case for CO2 mineralisation in the cement industry
Authors: Strunge Till , Renforth Phil , Spek Mijndert Van der
Published: June 2021

The cement industry is responsible for approximately 7% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions with low margins and the highest carbon intensity of any industry per unit of revenue. To encourage complete decarbonisation of the cement industry, strategies must be found in which GHG emission reductions are incentivised. Here we show through integrated techno-economic modelling that CO2 mineralisation using silicate minerals results in emission reductions of 6–31% while generating an additional profit of up to €28 per tonne cement. In order to create positive CO2 mineralisation business cases three conditions are paramount: the resulting products must be used as a supplementary material in cement blends, the storage of CO2 in minerals must be eligible for ETS credits or similar, and the feedstock minerals must be available in close proximity ( < ~ 550km, transported by truck and train).
Inner Product of Fuzzy Vectors
Authors: Wu Hsien-Chung
Published: June 2021

The inner product of vectors of non-normal fuzzy intervals will be studied in this paper by using the extension principle and the form of decomposition theorem. The membership functions of inner product will be different with respect to these two different methodologies. Since the non-normal fuzzy interval is more general than the normal fuzzy interval, the corresponding membership functions will become more complicated. Therefore, we shall establish their relationship including the equivalence and fuzziness based on the a-level sets. The potential application of inner product of fuzzy vectors is to study the fuzzy linear optimization problems.
Magnetic and Soil Parameters as a Potential Indicator of Soil Pollution
Authors: Murthuza Mohammed , Kuzhali Surumbar , Narasimhan Lakshmi , V .Thirukumaran , A Chandrasekaran , Ganesh Durai , sankar Ravi
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to look into the effect of land use or human activity on soil samples and to distinguish between pollution from anthropogenic sources or natural sources using magnetic susceptibility and statistical method. In soil samples from Tiruvannamalai Dist, Tamilnadu, magnetic susceptibility measurements at low frequency (lf) and high frequency (hf) were carried out. The physic-chemical properties such as % of sand, silt, clay, Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH in soil samples were determined using the standard methods. This research involves the identification of ferrimagntic minerals in soil samples from various locations in Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, using frequency-dependent susceptibility. The mean value of low and high frequency magnetic susceptibility are found to be 273.39 ×10-8m3 kg-1 and 270.51×10-8m3kg-1 respectively. In some locations, the magnetic enhancement value suggests a high concentration of ferrimagntic minerals in the soil. Multivariate statistical analysis, such as factor analysis (FA), Pearson correlation (PC), and cluster analysis (CA), is used to determine the role of physic-chemical parameters on magnetic susceptibilities and to assess the contamination level of soil samples. This analysis revealed that magnetic susceptibility can be used as a proxy for determining the level of contamination in the soil.
Thrombus-targeting therapy with apyrase-annexin V fusion attenuates thrombosis without bleeding
Authors: Chen Ridong , Abendschein Dana , Jeong Soon Seog , Wakefield Thomas , Diaz Jose , Bergonzi Karla , Shokeen Monica , Leadley Robert
Published: June 2021

Antithrombotic therapy is essential to prevent thrombotic reocclusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or venous thromboembolism. However, current antithrombotic drugs cause bleeding that limits dose and clinical effectiveness. Previously, we reported that APT102 (AZD3366), a human apyrase optimized to scavenge extracellular ADP and ATP, exhibited potent antiplatelet efficacy without bleeding in experimental myocardial infarction and stroke. Here we describe APT402, an optimized fusion of APT102 and annexin V that uniquely inhibits both platelet and coagulation components of thrombus growth. APT402 preferentially bound to injured vessels and thrombus and prevented thrombotic occlusion in arterial and venous thrombosis models, without increasing bleeding. Thus, APT402 breaks the confounding link between antithrombotic efficacy and bleeding, pioneering a safe and effective approach to prevent and treat a broad range of thrombotic diseases, and may be particularly useful in clinical conditions associated with high bleeding risks.
Emerging Infectious Outbreak Inhibits Pain Empathy Mediated Prosocial Willingness
Authors: Cao Siqi , Qi Yanyan , Huang Qi , Wang Yuanchen , Han Xinchen , Liu Xun , Wu Haiyan
Published: June 2021

Background
The pandemic of COVID-19 sets off public psychological crises and impacts social functioning. Pre-pandemic research has shown that as the mental resource wears out under long-term distress, empathy exhaustion will happen. While prosocial activities are positively linked to empathy, quantitative research on the pandemic's effect on empathy and prosocial willingness has been insufficiently examined. Prosocial behaviors are carried out during a life-threatening time to promote communication and encourage community members to survive emergencies such as food shortages and natural disasters.
Methods
This study examined the shifts in emotion, empathy and prosocial behaviors between the pre-pandemic and pandemic era in China. Before (N = 520, 11/21/2019-11/23/2019) and after (N = 570, 2/23/2020-2/24/2020) the COVID-19 pandemic, we explored an empathy-driven prosociality relationship through an online task and questionnaires with a total of 1,190 participants. Chi-square test, independent samples t-tests, linear regression analysis and correlation analysis were used for the data characteristics comparisons between the pre-outbreak and outbreak peak era datasets. Mediation and moderation models were also computed.
Results
The present study found a population-based decline in empathy that ultimately affected prosocial willingness. Moreover, a distance effect in such a situation, consistent with the ripple effect, affected the way in which short-term anxiety during the outbreak influences empathic concern.
Conclusions
The empathic concern could have positively predicted prosocial willingness through the perception of the others’ pain, while this relationship became less salient over the pandemic era. Measures are required to mitigate the adverse effects of empathy fatigue after the outbreak of COVID-19.
Controller Design For Hybrid Systems With Nonlinear Sub-Systems Using Common Lyapunov Functions
Authors: Fan Zhi , Fang Yongchun , Wu Yinan , Liu Cunhuan
Published: June 2021

Hybrid systems are common in real life and have been studied in many different fields. However, due to the interaction of different sub-systems, a hybrid system is much more complex than a mono-dynamic one, where great challenges are confronted when seeking stable controllers either for linear or nonlinear systems. The traditional design scheme for such a system, namely, to design a controller for each sub-system separately, cannot yield satisfactory performance, since the switches between sub-systems are not specifically considered. In fact, the controllers constructed in this way are usually of poor performance, or even unstable, as a disastrous effect caused by the alternation of sub-systems. In this paper, considering the aforementioned problem, a control scheme is proposed to design suitable controllers for hybrid systems to achieve overall stabilization by taking account of the switching behaviors of the system, as well as its sub-systems carefully. The design scheme consists of two steps, wherein the first step aims to design sub-controllers for different sub-systems, usually with different Lyapunov functions, while a common Lyapunov function candidate is composed in the second step to modify the previously designed sub-controllers correspondingly. Following this design scheme, not only the stability, but also the performance of the closed-loop hybrid systems, is successfully guaranteed. Some simulation results are provided to show the satisfactory performance of the proposed design scheme.
New Horizons for the Use of Edoxaban to Treat Brachiocephalic Vein Thrombosis in Primitive Mediastinal Seminoma. Case Report and Literature Review.
Authors: Fioretti Agnese Maria , Leopizzi Tiziana , Argentiero Antonella , Latorre Agnese Carmela , Paradiso Angelo Virgilio , Lorusso Vito , Oliva Stefano
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCancer-associated thrombosis is a worrisome complication for patients receiving chemotherapy. Management of anticoagulant therapy is complex in cancer patients because of comorbidities such as thrombocytopenia, renal impairment and a hypercoagulability due to the cancer itself. Therefore, tailoring anticoagulant treatment is challenging. Case presentationWe describe the case of a 35-year-old male patient with primitive mediastinal seminoma undergoing treatment with Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin (BEP protocol) who presented with marked upper-extremity vein thrombosis unresponsive to low molecular weight heparin. After unsuccessful therapy with heparin, therapy was switched to edoxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant, which was able to dissolve the huge thrombus, suggesting that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be a reliable option especially in long-term anticoagulant treatments like in this case.A short review of the literature on cancer-related thrombosis and the use of direct oral anticoagulants in malignancies is also presented. ConclusionsOur case suggests that in severe and extended cancer-associated thrombosis, instituting treatment with direct oral anticoagulants instead of low molecular weight heparin can be an effective, safe and practical option. This choice is preferred by most patients as shown by their proper adherence to treatment.
Effect of Valproic Acid on miRNAs Affecting Histone Deacetylase in a Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Günel Nur Selvi , Birden Nihal , Kurt Cansu Çalışkan , Bağca Bakiye Göker , shademan behrouz , Soğutlu Fatma , Ozates Neslihan Pinar , Avci Cigir Biray
Published: June 2021

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system seen in the thyroid gland. More than 90% of thyroid cancers comprise papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Although anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) accounts for less than 2% of thyroid cancer. But patients' lifespan after diagnosis is about 6 months. Surgical interventions, radioactive iodine use, and chemotherapy are not sufficient in the treatment of ATC, so alternative therapies are needed. The WST-1 assay test was performed to evaluate the anti-proliferative effects of Valproic acid (VPA). Also, Effect of VPA on miRNAs affecting histone deacetylase were determined by Quantitative RT-PCR. In BRAFV600E / mut SW1736 (SW1736) cell line IC50 dose for VPA found 1.6 mg/ml. in our study, the level of oncogenic genes expression in cells treated with VPA, including miR-184, miR-222-5p, miR-124-3p, and miR-328-3p, decreased. Also, the expression of tumor inhibitory genes is miR-323-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-217, miR-15a-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-324-5p and miR-101- 5p increased significantly. VPA can ad-just countless gene expression patterns, including microRNAs (miRNAs), by targeting histone deacetylase (HDAC). We got very promising results with VPA.
COP Adoption, Implications and Projections of Climate Change Mitigation Policy for ASEAN Region
Authors: ahmed adeel , Al-Amin Abul Quasem , Alam Md. Mahmudul , Doberstein Brent
Published: June 2021

Climate Change is a critical concern for Southeast Asia as this region is extremely vulnerable to the extreme weather patterns, temperature fluctuations and uneven precipitation expected under climate change, and thus vulnerability is expected to increase in the future. With this background, this study aims to analyze the readiness of ASEAN member countries to undertake the promised determinants of INDCs by the Paris Agreement and transfer these into measurable actions, and also to explore how ASEAN nations may reduce climatic threats over time. Consequently, a long run RICE (Regional Integrated Climate and Economy) based dynamic non-linear numerical model for the economy and environment was utilised. Simulation forecasts investigated several alternatives in order to determine optimal climate strategies against global-warming in the region, using both an Optimal Scenario (OS) and Business-as-usual (BAU) projections from 2020 to 2060. The results indicate that under an optimal scenario, industrial emissions are estimated in monetary values, RM14.05 (US$1=RM4.30)(btCO2 per year) in 2040 and RM31.99 (btCO2 per year) by 2060. These estimated values under OS are striking for sustainable development since they are far lower than BAU projections. Carbon price (RM per tCO2) by OS indicates that the carbon tax could be RM224.65 in 2040, RM258.16 in 2050 and RM245.41 in 2060 per tCO2. The collected carbon tax can be reinvested by ASEAN nations in order to implement alternative backstop technologies and technological innovation. The optimal scenario outcomes examined for carbon emission reduction are tempting since they can support a strong balance between sustainable development and quality environment. Despite long-run economic assumptions, the findings are still a worthy means by which ASEAN governments can compare climate change mitigation strategies while also making amendments for any unexpected developments.