bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industrial Control Intrusion Detection Approach Based on Multiclassification GoogLeNet-LSTM Model
Authors: Chu Ankang , Lai Yingxu , Liu Jing
Published: December 2019

Intrusion detection is essential for ensuring the security of industrial control systems. However, conventional intrusion detection approaches are unable to cope with the complexity and ever-changing nature of industrial intrusion attacks. In this study, we propose an industrial control intrusion detection approach based on a combined deep learning model for communication processes that use the Modbus protocol. Initially, the network packets are classified as carrying information and noncarrying information based on key fields according to the communication protocol used. Next, a template comparison approach is employed to detect the network packets that do not carry any information. Furthermore, an approach based on a GoogLeNet-long short-term memory model is used to detect the network packets that do carry information. This approach involves network packet sequence construction, feature extraction, and time-series level detection. Subsequently, the detected intrusions are classified into multiple categories through a Softmax classifier. A gas pipeline dataset of the Modbus protocol is used to evaluate the proposed approach and compare it with existing strategies. The accuracy, false-positive rate, and miss rate are 97.56%, 2.42%, and 2.51%, respectively, thus confirming that the proposed approach is suitable for intrusion detection in industrial control systems.
Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Cooperative Dissection for Small Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor without Causing Injury to the Mucosa
Authors: Cao Lei , Zheng Kunming , Wang Honglei , Zhao Yongjie , Yang Zhengduo , Li Wen
Published: December 2019

Objective. To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative dissection (LECD) for small gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) without causing injury to the mucosa, compared with ESD surgery which is widely used now. Methods. A total of 25 patients with small gastric GISTs who underwent LECD and 20 patients with small gastric GISTs who underwent ESD between October 2014 and June 2016 were included in this study. All patients underwent curative resection for pathologically diagnosed small gastric GISTs. Patients’ clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results. In LECD group, the operation was successfully performed in all patients. However, in the ESD group, three patients were transferred to laparoscopic surgery due to intraoperative massive bleeding or intraoperative perforation. No additional targeted chemotherapy drugs for interstitial tumors were prescribed in two groups. There was no difference in the complete tumor capsule rate (100% vs. 90%, p=0.11), operation time (80.76±13.86 ml vs. 84.05±15.33 ml, p=0.45), major intraoperative bleeding (0 vs. 5%, p=0.26), postoperative bleeding (0 vs. 10%, p=0.11), and postoperative infection (0 vs. 10%, p=0.11) between the two groups. Compared to ESD (endoscopic submucosal dissection), LECS patients had shorter postoperative indwelling gastric tube (1.04±0.98 d vs. 2.85±0.24 d, p<0.01), earlier postoperative eating (1.96±0.98 d vs. 3.50±1.15 d, p<0.01), shorter average postoperative hospital stay (3.44±1.00 d vs. 7.85±1.18 d, p<0.01), smaller perforation rate (0 vs. 25%, p < 0.05), and fewer surgical supplies. No recurrence or metastasis cases were found between the two groups during the follow-up period, and there were no cases of death due to gastric GISTs. Conclusion. LECD is a novel surgery for small gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors that leads to satisfactory short-term outcomes and meets the idea of minimally invasive surgery and rapid recovery; compared with ESD, LECD surgery has some advantages in clinical practice. However, further follow-up is needed to confirm.
Autophagy: Multiple Mechanisms to Protect Skin from Ultraviolet Radiation-Driven Photoaging
Authors: Wang Mei , Charareh Pourzand , Lei Xia , Zhong Julia Li
Published: December 2019

Autophagy is an essential cellular process that maintains balanced cell life. Restriction in autophagy may induce degenerative changes in humans. Natural or pathological aging of susceptible tissues has been linked with reduced autophagic activity. Skin photoaging is an example of such pathological condition caused by ambient solar UV radiation exposure. The UV-induced production of reaction oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to the promotion and progression of the photoaging process in exposed tissues. Accordingly, it has been suggested that autophagy is capable of delaying the skin photoaging process caused by solar ultraviolet (UV), although the underlying mechanism is still under debate. This review highlights several plausible mechanisms by which UV-induced ROS activates the cellular signaling pathways and modulates the autophagy. More specifically, the UV-mediated regulation of autophagy and age-related transcription factors is discussed to pinpoint the contribution of autophagy to antiphotoaging effects in the skin. The outcome of this review will provide insights into design intervention strategies for delaying the phenomenon of sunlight-induced photodamage, photoaging, and other aging-related chronic diseases based on factors that activate the autophagy process in the skin.
Dim and Small Target Detection Based on Local Energy Aggregation Degree of Sequence Images
Authors: Xiangsuo Fan , Zhiyong Xu
Published: December 2019

In order to improve the detection ability of dim and small targets in dynamic scenes, this paper first proposes an anisotropic gradient background modeling method combined with spatial and temporal information and then uses the multidirectional gradient maximum of neighborhood blocks to segment the difference maps. On the basis of previous background modeling and segmentation extraction candidate targets, a dim small target detection algorithm for local energy aggregation degree of sequence images is proposed. Experiments show that compared with the traditional algorithm, this method can eliminate the interference of noise to the target and improve the detection ability of the system effectively.
Red Chilena de Investigadores en Innovación
Authors: Labra Ernesto , Goya Daniel
Published: December 2019

Con el fin de colaborar con los policy makers, empresarios, gobiernos locales y nacional y la sociedad en su conjunto, un grupo de investigadores e investigadoras dio forma a inicios de 2019 a la Red Chilena de Investigadores en Innovación, que busca abordar integradamente desafíos relativos a intercambiar y crear conocimiento sobre la innovación en el país, contribuir a la gestión de la innovación en todo tipo de organizaciones y apoyar la generación de políticas científicas, tecnológicas y de innovación.
Prognostic Factors of Successful Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction in Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Villalain Cecilia , Quezada María Soledad , Gómez-Arriaga Paula , Simón Elisa , Gómez-Montes Enery , Galindo Alberto , Herraiz Ignacio
Published: December 2019

Objective: The aim of this work was to identify independent risk factors influencing the achievement of vaginal delivery among women undergoing labor induction for late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 201 singleton pregnancies with late-onset FGR (diagnosed >32 + 0 weeks) that required labor induction with cervical ripening from 37 + 0 weeks, either with dinoprostone (from 2014 to 2015) or Foley balloon (from 2016 to 2018). Independent factors for successful vaginal delivery were identified. A prediction model of vaginal delivery with the identified factors was made using logistic regression and bootstrapping with 1,000 re-samples performed for bias correction. Results: Perinatal results were more favorable in the vaginal delivery group, with significantly lower neonatal admission rates (4.0 vs. 13.7%) and lower composite neonatal morbidity (4.0 vs. 15.7%). The labor induction method (Foley balloon), higher cerebro-placental ratio, lower pre-gestational BMI, and absence of pre-eclampsia were identified as independent factors associated to vaginal delivery. The area under the curve of the model was of 0.75 (95% CI 0.70–0.79). Conclusions: The use of a Foley balloon is the only modifiable risk factor to improve the chances of vaginal delivery when attempting induction of labor in singleton pregnancies with late-onset FGR.
Comparison of ABC Methods with Computerized Estimates of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Volume: The INTERACT2 Study
Authors: Delcourt Candice , Carcel Cheryl , Zheng Danni , Sato Shoichiro , Arima Hisatomi , Bhaskar Sonu , Janin Pierre , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , Cao Yongjun , Zhang Shihong , Heeley Emma , Davies Leo , Chalmers John , Anderson Craig S. ,   INTERACT2 Investigators
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose: Hematoma volume is a key determinant of outcome in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to compare estimates of ICH volume between simple (ABC/2, length, width, and height) and gold standard planimetric software approaches. Methods: Data are from the second Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT2). Multivariable linear regression was used to compare ICH volumes on baseline CT scans using the ABC/2, modified ABC/2 (mABC/2), and MIStar software. Other aspects of ICH morphology examined included location, irregularity, heterogeneity, intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage extension (SAH) of hematoma, and associated white matter lesions and brain atrophy. Results: In 2,084 patients with manual and semiautomated measurements, median (IQR) ICH volumes for each approach were: ABC/2 11.1 (5.11–20.88 mL), mABC/2 7.8 (3.88–14.11 mL), and MIStar 10.7 (5.59–18.66 mL). Median differences between ABC/2 and MIStar, and mABC/2 and MIStar were 0.34 (–1.01 to 2.96) and –2.4 (–4.95 to –0.7416), respectively. Hematoma volumes differed significantly with irregular shape (ABC/2 and MIStar, p < 0.001; mABC/2 and MIStar, p = 0.007) and larger volumes (mABC/2 and MIStar, p < 0.001; ABC/2 and MIStar, p = 0.07). ICH with SAH showed a significant discrepancy between ABC/2 and MIStar (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Overall, ABC/2 performs better than mABC/2 in estimating ICH volume. The largest discrepancies were evidenced against automated software for irregular-shaped and large ICH with SAH, but the clinical significance of this is uncertain.
Differential Impact of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Functional Parameters in Elderly versus Non-Elderly Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Authors: Vilela Eduardo Matos , Ladeiras Lopes Ricardo , Torres Susana , João Ana , Ribeiro Jose , Primo João , Fontes-Carvalho Ricardo , Campos Lilibeth , Miranda Fatima , Nunes José Pedro L. , Teixeira Madalena , Braga Pedro
Published: December 2019

Background: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR) plays a pivotal role in the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Studies have shown that older individuals have a worse prognosis after an AMI, attesting to the importance of risk reduction strategies. We aimed at assessing the impact of age (patients dichotomized as ≥65 years old or <65 years old) on the functional benefits of an EBCR program among AMI survivors. Design: Observational, retrospective cohort study. Participants: All patients admitted due to an AMI who completed a phase II EBCR program after discharge, between November 2012 and April 2017. Intervention: EBCR program. Measurements: Functional parameters were assessed by a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test. Results: A total of 379 patients were included (30% aged ≥65 years). After the EBCR program, peak oxygen uptake (pVO2) and exercise duration increased significantly. Patients aged ≥65 years presented with more comorbidities and a lower functional capacity. Those aged ≥65 years presented significantly smaller improvements in pVO2 (0.79 ± 2.61 vs. 1.60 ± 3.11 mL/kg/min, p = 0.016) and exercise duration [75 (59–120) vs. 120 s (60–180), p = 0.002]. This was maintained after adjusting for several potential confounders. Conclusion: Older patients have a worse functional capacity than their younger counterparts. Still, a contemporary EBCR program was associated with significant functional improvements among those aged ≥65 years. The smaller improvements even after adjustments for potential confounders suggest that physiological differences may contribute to this finding. These results highlight the relevance of EBCR among this higher-risk subgroup.
Performance and Analysis of Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 Score in a Pediatric ICU in Latifa Hospital, Dubai, UAE
Authors: Malhotra Dinesh , Nour Nadine , El Halik Mahmoud , Zidan Marwan
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The pediatric index of mortality (PIM) 3 is one of several severity scoring systems used for predicting the outcome of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) based on data collected within the first hour of admission. It avoids potential bias from the effects of treatment after admission and offers practical utility in assigning children to clinical trials soon after PICU admission. PIM 3 is an updated version of PIM 2 for predicting mortality in the PICU. It provides an international standard based on a large contemporary dataset for the comparison of risk-adjusted mortality among children admitted to intensive care. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the performance of the PIM 3 score in predicting mortality in a tertiary care PICU. Materials and Methods: This was a cohort observational study conducted at a tertiary care PICU from January 2016 to October 2018. All patients between 1 month and 15 years of age who were admitted in the PICU in Latifa Hospital were included. PIM 3 scoring was done for all the patients. All data were extracted from the computerized ICU registry database. Scores were calculated using the PIM 3 calculator application. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2013 and analyzed using SPSS v24.0. We analyzed the association between PIM 3 score and mortality. The performance of PIM 3 score was assessed by calibration and discrimination. Calibration evaluated PIM 3 at different risks of mortality and was assessed by standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and Pearson’s χ2 goodness-of-fit test. SMR was calculated to a mean probability of death and the ratio of observed-to-expected death rates. Discrimination evaluated how well PIM distinguished between patients who survived and died and was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) from the receiver-operating characteristics plot. Results: A total of 583 patients were included in the study, 46 of whom (7.9%) died. The overall SMR was 0.53. SMR was 0.33 and 0.72 in the p < 14.3% and p > 14.3% group, respectively. The expected mortality rate based on PIM 3 score was 9.2 and 37.5% in the p < 14.3% and p > 14.3% group, respectively. Conclusion: The PIM 3 was used to predict mortality in PICU patients in Latifa Hospital, Dubai. The overall accumulated expected mortality was 87.081 (5%) compared to the observed mortality of 46 (7.9%) and SMR of 0.53. PIM 3 had acceptable discrimination ability with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.69–0.87).
Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ford Thomas J. , Yii Eric , Sidik Novalia , Good Richard , Rocchiccioli Paul , McEntegart Margaret , Watkins Stuart , Eteiba Hany , Shaukat Aadil , Lindsay Mitchell , Robertson Keith , Hood Stuart , McGeoch Ross , McDade Robert , McCartney Peter , Corcoran David , Collison Damien , Rush Christopher , Stanley Bethany , McConnachie Alex , Sattar Naveed , Touyz Rhian M. , Oldroyd Keith G. , Berry Colin
Published: December 2019

Background:

Determine the prevalence and correlates of microvascular and vasospastic angina in patients with symptoms and signs of ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA).

Methods:

Three hundred ninety-one patients with angina were enrolled at 2 regional centers over 12 months from November 2016 (NCT03193294). INOCA subjects (n=185; 47%) had more limiting dyspnea (New York Heart Association classification III/IV 54% versus 37%; odds ratio [OR], 2.0 [1.3–3.0];
P
=0.001) and were more likely to be female (68% INOCA versus 38% in coronary artery disease; OR, 1.9 [1.5 to 2.5];
P
<0.001) but with lower cardiovascular risk scores (ASSIGN score median 20% versus 24%;
P
=0.003). INOCA subjects had similar burden of angina (Seattle Angina Questionnaire) but reduced quality of life compared with coronary artery disease; subjects (EQ5D-5 L index 0.60 versus 0.65 units;
P
=0.041).

Results:

An interventional diagnostic procedure with reference invasive tests including coronary flow reserve, microvascular resistance, and vasomotor responses to intracoronary acetylcholine (vasospasm provocation) was performed in 151 INOCA subjects. Overall, 78 (52%) had isolated microvascular angina, 25 (17%) had isolated vasospastic angina, 31 (20%) had both, and 17 (11%) had noncardiac chest pain. Regression analysis showed inducible ischemia on treadmill testing (OR, 7.5 [95% CI, 1.7–33.0];
P
=0.008) and typical angina (OR, 2.7 [1.1–6.6];
P
=0.032) were independently associated with microvascular angina. Female sex tended to associate with a diagnosis of microvascular angina although this was not significant (OR, 2.7 [0.9–7.9];
P
=0.063). Vasospastic angina was associated with smoking (OR, 9.5 [2.8–32.7];
P
<0.001) and age (OR, 1.1 per year, [1.0–1.2];
P
=0.032].

Conclusions:

Over three quarters of patients with INOCA have identifiable disorders of coronary vasomotion including microvascular and vasospastic angina. These patients have comparable angina burden but reduced quality of life compared to patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. Microvascular angina and vasospastic angina are distinct disorders that may coexist but differ in associated clinical characteristics, symptoms, and angina severity.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03193294.
Association of Abnormal P‐Wave Indices With Dementia and Cognitive Decline Over 25 Years: ARIC‐NCS (The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study)
Authors: Gutierrez Alejandra , Norby Faye L. , Maheshwari Ankit , Rooney Mary R. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Mosley Thomas H. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Oldenburg Niki , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Alonso Alvaro , Chen Lin Y.
Published: December 2019

Background

Abnormal P‐wave indices (PWIs)—reflecting underlying left atrial abnormality—are associated with increased risk of stroke independent of atrial fibrillation. We assessed whether abnormal PWIs are associated with incident dementia and greater cognitive decline, independent of atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

We included 13 714 participants (mean age, 57±6 years; 56% women; 23% black) who were followed for dementia through the end of 2015. (Abnormal P‐wave terminal force in lead V1, ≥4000 μV×ms), abnormal P‐wave axis (>75° or <0°), prolonged P‐wave duration (>120 ms), and advanced interatrial block were determined from ECGs at visits 2 to 4. Dementia was adjudicated by an expert panel using data from cognitive tests and hospitalization
International Classification of Diseases
codes. Cognitive function was measured longitudinally using 3 neuropsychological tests. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between time‐dependent abnormal PWIs with incident dementia. Linear regression models were used to evaluate PWIs with cognitive function over time. At the conclusion of the study, 19%, 16%, 28%, and 1.9% of participants had abnormal P‐wave terminal force in lead V1, abnormal P‐wave axis, prolonged P‐wave duration, and advanced interatrial block, respectively. During mean follow‐up of 18 years, there were 1390 (10%) dementia cases. All abnormal PWIs except advanced interatrial block were associated with an increased risk of dementia even after adjustment for incident atrial fibrillation and stroke: multivariable hazard ratio of abnormal P wave terminal force in lead V1=1.60, 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.83; abnormal P‐wave axis, hazard ratio =1.36, 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.57; prolonged P‐wave duration, hazard ratio=1.60, 95% CI, 1.42 to 1.80. Only abnormal P‐wave terminal force in lead V1 was associated with greater decline in global cognition.

Conclusions

Abnormal PWIs are independently associated with an increased risk of dementia. This novel finding should be replicated in other cohorts and the underlying mechanisms should be evaluated.
Integrated diagnostics
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Plebani Mario
Published: December 2019

The current scenario of in vitro and in vivo diagnostics can be summarized using the “silo metaphor”, where laboratory medicine, pathology and radiology are three conceptually separated diagnostic disciplines, which will increasingly share many comparable features. The substantial progresses in our understanding of biochemical-biological interplays that characterize many human diseases, coupled with extraordinary technical advances, are now generating important multidisciplinary convergences, leading the way to a new frontier, called integrated diagnostics. This new discipline, which is currently defined as convergence of imaging, pathology and laboratory tests with advanced information technology, has an enormous potential for revolutionizing diagnosis and therapeutic management of human diseases, including those causing the largest number of worldwide deaths (i.e. cardiovascular disease, cancer and infectious diseases). However, some important drawbacks should be overcome, mostly represented by insufficient information technology infrastructures, costs and enormous volume of different information that will be integrated and delivered. To overcome these hurdles, some specific strategies should be defined and implemented, such as planning major integration of exiting information systems or developing innovative ones, combining bioinformatics and imaging informatics, using health technology assessment for assessing cost and benefits, providing interpretative comments in integrated reports, developing and using expert systems and neural networks, overcoming cultural and political boundaries for generating multidisciplinary teams and integrated diagnostic algorithms.
Study of the preanalytical variables affecting the measurement of clinically

relevant free-circulating microRNAs: focus on sample matrix, platelet depletion, and storage conditions
Authors: Faraldi Martina , Sansoni Veronica , Lombardi Giovanni , Banfi Giuseppe , Ziemann Ewa , Kortas Jakub , Gomarasca Marta , Perego Silvia
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as potential biomarkers. However, the lack of preanalytical and analytical standardization limits their use. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of different miRNAs in plasma according to different collection and storage conditions.
Materials and methods: Venous blood from 10 volunteers was collected in tubes spray-coated with dipotassium salt of ethylendiaminetetraacetic
acid, either with (plasma-preparation tube, PPT) or without (K2EDTA) gel separator. Platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was also obtained from K2EDTA plasma. After storage under different conditions, miRNA-enriched total RNA was isolated from plasma and reverse transcribed. A panel of 179 miRNAs was assayed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the results were analysed by GenEx software. Detectability and stability of miRNAs were determined.
Results: The number of undetected miRNAs was: 18, 24, and 22 in PPT; 83, 43, and 20 in K2EDTA; and 76, 106, and 104 in PPP samples, for plasma immediately frozen at - 80°C and plasma stored for 24h at room temperature or 4°C, respectively. Circulating miRNA expression in PPT samples was not affected by storage delay or temperature, while the percentage of up- and down-regulated miRNA in K2EDTA and PPP samples ranged from 2%, and 1% to 7%, and 5%, respectively.
Conclusions: Sample matrix, temperature and delay in storage strongly influence the expression level of plasma miRNAs. Our results indicate PPT tubes as the most suitable matrix to improve total miRNA detectability and stability, independently of temperature.
The Concept of Jihad in Islamic Texts: An Analytical Study of Violence between Mainstream Scholars and Extremists
Authors: Tahir Umar Sheikh
Published: December 2019

This paper seeks to analyze both the Islamic texts dealing with jihad and the relationship between them and its practice. The desire to promote peace and harmony is based on general Islamic religious purposes, or Maqāṣid al-šarīʿa, of the two interpretations of the extremists and mainstream scholars. Bearing in mind that these texts are believed to be divinely-inspired, the interpretations are, however, human. The said texts have been the subject of two broad interpretational approaches: the orthodox interpretation that is widely accepted by the mainstream and supported by Islamic principles in general, and the interpretations of certain minorities that are rejected by the mainstream. This paper seeks to examine the qualitative research methodology and theological analysis used by contemporary extremists groups of what seems to be textual evidence of “violent jihad” in Islam. The significance of this study is to investigate the appropriate use of interpretations that could be acceptable to mainstream scholars and reflects the real nature of Islamic principles. Subsequently, it concludes that the violence that is manifested in extremist activities is the result of the misinterpretation of some Islamic texts regarding jihad, and that, in contrast, the best modern interpretation of jihad is ğihad al-nafs, which, alongside many other meanings that promote peace, has been declared the correct path by mainstream scholars in their response to the extremists.
Relationship between Debtor and Creditor from the Hadith Perspective(Hubungan Penghutang dan Pemiutang Menurut Perspektif Hadith)
Authors: Ali Nor Aini , Kamri Nor ʿAzzah , Sarif Suhaili
Published: December 2019

Lending and borrowing are fundamental human activities. Islam generally permits such activities provided that they are based on genuine necessities and will not lead to unfavourable consequences. This article discusses the nature of lending and borrowing activities from the Islamic perspective and specifically in terms of the relationship between debtors and creditors. The main compilations of hadith (sunnan sittah) and related Sharah (commentaries) are referred to in a discussion and analysis of hadith pertaining to debt activities. The content analysis method, incorporating relevant hadiths and patterns of discussion, found that borrowers are obliged to repayment according to a predetermined contract. Additionally, lenders must remain considerate to the borrowers should the latter are unable to fulfil their obligation. In conclusion, a warm relationship between both parties should be established, as lending is a benevolent act which guarantees the lender a considerable reward in the afterlife.
Dialogue between Muslims and Non-Muslims: Rooting Legitimate in the Light of the Quran and Sunnah(الحوار بين المسلمين وغير المسلمين: تأصيل شرعي في ضوء القرآن والسنة)
Authors: Jawwad Nasser Abdullah Odeh Abdal , al-Haj Thabet Ahmad Abdullah Abu , Yusof M.Y. Zulkifli M.
Published: December 2019

This research aims to enhance the dialogue among Muslims and non-Muslims based on the Quran and the prophet’s traditions. It paves the way by discussing the issue of coexistence between the two communities. This article has the objective to consolidate the principles of two kinds of dialogue: ideological dialogue and realistic dialogue. Next is the discussion of the possibility of Islamic law (Sharia) to coexist with contemporary international law regarding the issue of the right of expression as a human right. Furthermore, this article studies the major ethical methods of dialogue and provides some practical models and examples of dialogue between Muslims and non-Muslims from Islamic history.
Twenty one new species of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) from Iran
Authors: KHAMENEH ROYA NAMAKI , KHAGHANINIA SAMAD , DISNEY R. HENRY L. , MALEKI-RAVASAN NASEH
Published: December 2019

The following 21 new species from Iran are described, 7 from East Azerbaijan province Megaselia ajabshirensis, M. chicheckliensis, M. exkaleybar, M. kaleybarensis, M. qurigolensis, M. shabestarensis, M. zonuzensis. and 14 from West Azerbaijan province, M. evogliensis, M. farshbafi, M. ghalateshahensis, M. haddadi, M. hejazii, M. khaghaniniai Namaki & Disney, M. khoyensis, M. ledzona, M. mahabadensis, M. miandoabensis, M. namakiae Khaghaninia & Disney, M. pereensis, M. yaseri, M. zarghanii.
Updated checklist and identification key of benthic tanaidaceans (Crustacea: Peracarida) of the sublittoral zone of the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: ABARCA-ÁVILA MÓNICA MARIEL , HERRERA-DORANTES MARÍA TERESA , WINFIELD IGNACIO , ARDISSON PEDRO-LUIS
Published: December 2019

A taxonomic checklist of sublittoral tanaidaceans from the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, southern Gulf of Mexico, is presented in this study; it includes notes on geographic distribution, habitat, and an identification key. The genus Cacoheterotanais and the species Cacoheterotanais rogerbamberi, Mesokalliapseudes macsweenyi, Pagurotanais largoensis, Parakonarus juliae, and Psammokalliapseudes granulosus have their known distribution range within the Gulf of Mexico expanded, and are considered new records; this increases the number of tanaidacean species to 23 for the southeastern Gulf, and to 87 for the entire Gulf of Mexico.
Three new species of Hylotribus Jekel, 1860 from Brazil, with new records and discussion of species relationships and wing variation within the genus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)
Authors: ROZA ANDRÉ SILVA , MERMUDES JOSÉ RICARDO MIRAS
Published: December 2019

Recent efforts with Malaise trap sampling in Serra dos Órgãos and Itatiaia, in Brazil, allowed us to identify and describe three new species from the first locality: Hylotribus humeralis sp. nov., H. nanico sp. nov. and H. queirozi sp. nov. New records of H. plaumanni Queiroz & Mermudes, 2014 for both localities and H. sublimis Queiroz & Mermudes, 2014 for the latter are also presented. We also describe morphological variability including aptery and microptery, and male genitalia, for H. plaumanni. We produce a new key to the species and discuss the species relationships and wing variation for the genus.
The Indian Mecistoscelini (Insecta, Heteroptera, Miridae, Mirinae): A preliminary review
Authors: YESHWANTH H. M. , CHÉROT F.
Published: December 2019

The tribe Mecistoscelini of the subfamily Mirinae (Insecta, Heteroptera: Miridae) from India is reviewed. Three genera and six species are cited from the country and are keyed, illustrated and diagnosed. Mystilus manipurensis n. sp. is described from Manipur. The following new synonymy is established: Mystilus antrami Distant, 1909 = Mystilus manni Distant, 1909. Mecistosceloides tonkinensis Carvalho, 1992 is reported for the first time from India.
Improving Soil Moisture and Surface Turbulent Heat Flux Estimates by Assimilation of SMAP Brightness Temperatures or Soil Moisture Retrievals and GOES Land Surface Temperature Retrievals
Authors: Lu Yang , Steele-Dunne Susan C. , De Lannoy Gabriëlle J. M.
Published: December 2019

Surface heat fluxes are vital to hydrological and environmental studies, but mapping them accurately over a large area remains a problem. In this study, brightness temperature (TB) observations or soil moisture retrievals from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission and land surface temperature (LST) product from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) are assimilated together into a coupled water and heat transfer model to improve surface heat flux estimates. A particle filter is used to assimilate SMAP data, while a particle smoothing method is adopted to assimilate GOES LST time series, correcting for both systematic biases via parameter updating and for short-term error via state updating. One experiment assimilates SMAP TB at horizontal polarization and GOES LST, a second experiment assimilates SMAP TB at vertical polarization and GOES LST, and a third experiment assimilates SMAP soil moisture retrievals along with GOES LST. The aim is to examine if the assimilation of physically consistent TB and LST observations could yield improved surface heat flux estimates. It is demonstrated that all three assimilation experiments improved flux estimates compared to a no-assimilation case. Assimilating TB data tends to produce smaller bias in soil moisture estimates compared to assimilating soil moisture retrievals, but the estimates are influenced by the respective bias correction approaches. Despite the differences in soil moisture estimates, the flux estimates from different assimilation experiments are in general very similar.
Design of an Enhanced Public Health Surveillance System for Hepatitis C Virus Elimination in King County, Washington
Authors: Baer Atar , Fagalde Meaghan S. , Drake Curtis D. , Sohlberg Elisabeth H. , Barash Elizabeth , Glick Sara , Millman Alexander J. , Duchin Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

With the goal of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public health problem in Washington State, Public Health–Seattle & King County (PHSKC) designed a Hepatitis C Virus Test and Cure (HCV-TAC) data system to integrate surveillance, clinical, and laboratory data into a comprehensive database. The intent of the system was to promote identification, treatment, and cure of HCV-infected persons (ie, HCV care cascade) using a population health approach.

Materials and Methods:

The data system automatically integrated case reports received via telephone and fax from health care providers and laboratories, hepatitis test results reported via electronic laboratory reporting, and data on laboratory and clinic visits reported by 6 regional health care systems. PHSKC examined patient-level laboratory test results and established HCV case classification using Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists criteria, classifying patients as confirmed if they had detectable HCV RNA.

Results:

The data enabled PHSKC to report the number of patients at various stages along the HCV care cascade. Of 7747 HCV RNA-positive patients seen by a partner site, 5377 (69%) were assessed for severity of liver fibrosis, 3932 (51%) were treated, and 2592 (33%) were cured.

Practice Implications:

Data supported local public heath surveillance and HCV program activities. The data system could serve as a foundation for monitoring future HCV prevention and control programs.
Use of Potentially Reduced Exposure Tobacco Products Among American Indian Smokeless Tobacco Users: Associations With Cessation Behaviors and Cotinine Levels
Authors: Comiford Ashley L. , Rhoades Dorothy A. , Dvorak Justin D. , Ding Kai , Mehta Toral , Spicer Paul , Wagener Theodore , Doescher Mark P.
Published: December 2019

Objectives:

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults use smokeless tobacco products (eg, chewing and dip tobacco) more often than other racial/ethnic groups do. Although US adults increasingly use potentially reduced exposure tobacco products (PREPs), such as electronic cigarettes and snus, no studies have examined the use of PREPs among AI/AN smokeless tobacco users. We examined associations between current PREPs use and smokeless tobacco–related measures, including cessation attempts and cotinine levels, in a sample of American Indian adults who currently use smokeless tobacco.

Methods:

We collected survey and tobacco biomarker data from 299 adult American Indian smokeless tobacco users at Cherokee Nation health care facilities and events in 2016 and 2017. We used multivariable analyses to determine associations between current PREPs use and smokeless tobacco–related characteristics.

Results:

Current PREPs users were younger, less likely to be married or living with a partner, less likely to report a chronic medical condition, and more likely to report other tobacco use than PREPs nonusers. Among participants with annual household incomes ≤$30 000, current PREPs users were less likely than PREPs nonusers to report a definite desire to quit smokeless tobacco ( P = .02). PREPs use was not associated with planning to quit smokeless tobacco, past 12-month smokeless tobacco quit attempts, amount of smokeless tobacco used per week, cotinine levels, or scores on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence–Smokeless Tobacco.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that American Indian smokeless tobacco users may not be using PREPs as a smokeless tobacco cessation aid. Future studies should take this finding into consideration when evaluating the role of PREPs use in smokeless tobacco cessation and in total tobacco cessation in this population.
Virtual and Physical Interactions in School-Based Spaces: Latinx Parent Engagement in a High-Tech Urban Elementary School
Authors: Pavlakis Alexandra E. , Conry Jillian M. , del Rosal Karla
Published: December 2019

Schools are increasingly using technology to connect with families. Yet, we still know little about how technology shapes parent engagement—particularly for low-income Latinx families. Garnering insights from the Ecologies of Parental Engagement framework and wide-ranging qualitative data, we explore Latinx engagement at an urban, high-tech elementary school. Findings suggest that technology and language independently and concurrently shaped engagement. Within school-based spaces (e.g., cafeteria, classroom), engagement also manifested differently depending on parents’ resources and the particular space’s rules and norms. In each space, parents overcame barriers to interact and invest—virtually or physically—in their children’s schooling. Implications are discussed.
Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of and Engagement in Research Participation to Fulfill an Introductory Psychology Course Requirement
Authors: Beanland Vanessa , Walsh Erin I. , Pammer Kristen
Published: December 2019

It is a common, if controversial, practice to recruit undergraduate psychology students as research participants. There is substantial research concerning putative educational benefits for students, but as students increasingly have freedom to choose between studies to meet participation requirements, factors underlying student choice of participation activities have been understudied. This research was designed to gain insight into what influences students’ choice of research participation activities. Respondents were first-year psychology students at a research-intensive university. In Study 1, 43 students provided open-ended responses reflecting on their participation experience. A grounded theory approach was used to identify themes. In Study 2, 135 students completed a short questionnaire designed using the themes extracted in Study 1, with additional questions to probe self-reported and actual learning via questions about study contents and procedure. Across both studies, the dominant reasons for choosing a particular study were interest and convenience. However, 29% of respondents in Study 2 indicated that they had not learned anything during participation. This suggests that it is beneficial to offer a wide range of potential studies as students can tailor participation to match their interests, but improved debriefing strategies may be required to ensure students derive educational benefit and understand what they learned.
Translating for Practice: A Case Study of Recommendations From the Wakeful Rest Literature
Authors: Brandmark Allison , Byrne Meredith , O’Brien Karly , Hogan Kate , Daniel David B. , Jakobsen Krisztina V.
Published: December 2019

Translational research—a bridge between research in more controlled settings and application in more complex contexts—is an essential step in developing effective evidence-based practices. Yet, it is rare. Previous lab-based research has recommended wakeful rest (WR)—a relaxed state of mind in the absence of activity—as a classroom intervention to promote memory consolidation and improve both short- and long-term memory. We implemented the proposed WR intervention in a simulated classroom context. The results did not support the recommendations from studies in more controlled settings: WR did not improve participants’ short- or long-term memory. We discuss the importance of translational research in applying promising principles to classroom settings before making recommendations for practice.
What Does an Executive Stock Sale Tell the Market? Evidence From Sale Transactions Following Stock Option Exercises
Authors: Huston G. Ryan , Huston Janet M. , Mellon Mark J. , Smith Thomas J.
Published: December 2019

We examine the impact of liquidity and diversification, taxes, and loss aversion on the informativeness of insider sales following stock option exercise. We do not find evidence of liquidity and diversification influencing post-sale decisions, suggesting that option-related sales are less impacted by these forces than previously thought. We further find evidence that sales more likely to be influenced by taxes are associated with less negative post-sale returns. This finding extends prior tax research by showing evidence that insiders are selling soon after the tax-advantaged holding period is achieved and also that these sales are less informative about future returns. Finally, we provide a more distinct contribution to the literature in our examination of loss aversion. Specifically, we provide evidence that the exercise price is the most likely reference point for establishing the gain and loss domain for the insider. We further show that as the price approaches this reference point, sales become less informative and insiders are less willing to continue holding. We also examine short-window market reactions to sales among each of these dimensions, finding that the market generally interprets the impact of each of these factors in a manner that is consistent with the post-sale returns.
Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Pathology
Authors: Belcher Scott M. , Cline J. Mark , Conley Justin , Groeters Sibylle , Jefferson Wendy N. , Law Mac , Mackey Emily , Suen Alisa A. , Williams Carmen J. , Dixon Darlene , Wolf Jeffrey C.
Published: December 2019

During the past 20 years, investigations involving endocrine active substances (EAS) and reproductive toxicity have dominated the landscape of ecotoxicological research. This has occurred in concert with heightened awareness in the scientific community, general public, and governmental entities of the potential consequences of chemical perturbation in humans and wildlife. The exponential growth of experimentation in this field is fueled by our expanding knowledge into the complex nature of endocrine systems and the intricacy of their interactions with xenobiotic agents. Complicating factors include the ever-increasing number of novel receptors and alternate mechanistic pathways that have come to light, effects of chemical mixtures in the environment versus those of single EAS laboratory exposures, the challenge of differentiating endocrine disruption from direct cytotoxicity, and the potential for transgenerational effects. Although initially concerned with EAS effects chiefly in the thyroid glands and reproductive organs, it is now recognized that anthropomorphic substances may also adversely affect the nervous and immune systems via hormonal mechanisms and play substantial roles in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
A case of surgery applying a Denver shunt for intractable pericardial effusion*
Authors: Amamoto Sojiro , Sato Manabu , Kawasaki Hiromitsu , Naito Kozo
Published: December 2019

We report our experience in the application of a Denver shunt as surgical treatment for intractable pericardial effusion. The patient was a 60-year-old woman who suffered from pericarditis accompanied by intractable pericardial effusion as complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. Pericardial fenestration with thoracoscopic assistance and a right pleuroperitoneal shunt using a Denver shunt were performed as surgical treatment. Postoperatively, the patient’s heart failure symptoms disappeared and her pericardial effusion was considerably reduced. The postoperative course was uneventful without recurrence after a 2-year follow-up period.
The role of indocyanine green fluorescence in bronchopleural fistula prevention
Authors: Gabryel Piotr , Piwkowski Cezary , Gąsiorowski Łukasz , Zieliński Pawel
Published: December 2019

A 57-year-old woman with non-small-cell lung cancer qualified for pneumonectomy. At the start of the surgery, a pedicled intercostal muscle flap was harvested. Indocyanine green fluorescence revealed ischemia in the distal part of the flap. After pneumonectomy, the ischemic portion of the muscle was removed and the well-perfused proximal part was sutured to the bronchial stump. Reassessment with indocyanine green showed good perfusion of the flap. The postoperative period was uneventful, but follow-up bronchoscopy revealed bronchial suture line dehiscence with the muscle flap separating the bronchial lumen from the postpneumonectomy space. The bronchial stump healed spontaneously by secondary intention.
Sounding Strange(r): Origins, Consequences, and Boundary Conditions of Sociophonetic Discrimination
Authors: Formanowicz Magdalena , Suitner Caterina
Published: December 2019

Talking is an immediate and rich form of communication. Through vocal signals we provide information about ourselves and our social background. In six empirical articles, one review article, and a commentary, this special issue gathers an integrated collection of research covering the effects of vocal cues associated with minority membership, in particular, in relation to sexual orientation and migration status. People infer speakers’ nativity to the country and their sexual orientation by integrating vocal and visual cues. This diagnostic use of vocal cues can fuel intergroup conflict in two ways: It triggers discriminatory behaviors against those sounding strange(r) and language stigma triggers social anxiety among strange(r) speakers, resulting in self-stereotyping and social exclusion. The socionormative context plays a major role in containing the consequences of this phenomenon. This special issue prompts future development of social interventions to increase familiarity and normativity of acoustic social signals that deviate from the mainstream.
Saphenous reflux patterns in C2 patients: A record of 1196 ultrasound reports
Authors: Coelho Neto Felipe , de Oliveira Rodrigo Gomes , Gregório Emerson Pereira , Belczak Sergio Quilici , de Araujo Walter Junior Boim
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To describe saphenous reflux patterns in patients classified as CEAP C2 by analysis of 2027 vascular ultrasound examination reports.

Methods

A total of 2027 venous mapping studies were reviewed and 1196 patients classified as CEAP C2 were selected. Patients were classified according to patterns of reflux for the great saphenous vein and for the small saphenous vein, and rates of great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein reflux were analyzed for both sexes.

Results

The overall prevalence of saphenous vein reflux was 45%. Males had significantly higher great saphenous vein reflux prevalence than females ( p < 0.001). The most common great saphenous vein reflux pattern in females was segmental reflux and the most common pattern in males was proximal reflux.

Conclusions

Saphenous vein reflux is common in C2 patients and is more frequent in males. Standardization of classifications of reflux patterns is very important for correct management of the disease.