bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rift Valley fever knowledge, mitigation strategies and communication preferences among male and female livestock farmers in Eastern Province, Rwanda
Authors: Smith Lindsay J. , Schurer Janna M. , Ntakiyisumba Eurade , Shyaka Anselme , Amuguni Janetrix Hellen
Published: August 2021

The Government of Rwanda reported an outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in the Eastern Province in 2018. To respond to the outbreak, vaccination and education campaigns about the disease were carried out. Because RVF cases continue to be detected in Rwanda and the disease impacts livelihoods and health, accurate knowledge and communication are imperative. The objectives of this study were to evaluate knowledge and risk perceptions of RVF transmission among livestock farmers in Nyagatare District, Eastern Province, Rwanda, and to compare RVF knowledge, risk perceptions, and farming practices between male and female livestock farmers. This cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted in selected sectors of Nyagatare District in the Eastern Province of Rwanda in June 2019. A 34-question survey was used to ask about demographics, livestock ownership, risk perceptions about zoonotic diseases and livestock management, RVF knowledge, preferred communication sources and information sharing strategies, and protective strategies for RVF mitigation while working with livestock. Livestock farmers were interviewed at three milk collection centers, two village meeting points, a farm cooperative meeting, and during door-to-door visits in villages. In total, 123 livestock farmers were interviewed. The survey found that most livestock farmers lacked knowledge about epizootic and zoonotic transmission of RVF, more male livestock farmers were familiar with RVF and risk mitigation strategies, and female livestock farmers are not viewed as reliable sources of information. Additionally, most livestock farmers had not vaccinated their animals against RVF despite past vaccination campaigns. Radio was the most popular communication channel. These findings show that RVF knowledge and information sharing are inadequate among livestock farmers in Eastern Province. Therefore, vaccination and education campaigns may need to be reevaluated within the context of these trends in order to prepare for future RVF outbreaks.
Proteomic analysis of serum samples of paracoccidioidomycosis patients with severe pulmonary sequel
Authors: Santos Amanda Ribeiro dos , Dionizio Aline , Fernandes Mileni da Silva , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Pereira Beatriz , Donanzam Débora de Fátima Almeida , Ribeiro Sergio Marrone , Paniago Anamaria Mello Miranda , Cavalcante Ricardo de Souza , Mendes Rinaldo Poncio , Venturini James
Published: August 2021

Background

Pulmonary sequelae (PS) in patients with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) typically include pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in PS of PCM is required for treatment and biomarker identification.

Methodology/Principal findings

This non-concurrent cohort study included 29 patients with pulmonary PCM that were followed before and after treatment. From this group, 17 patients evolved to mild/ moderate PS and 12 evolved severe PS. Sera from patients were evaluated before treatment and at clinical cure, serological cure, and apparent cure. A nanoACQUITY UPLC-Xevo QT MS system and PLGS software were used to identify serum differentially expressed proteins, data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026906. Serum differentially expressed proteins were then categorized using Cytoscape software and the Reactome pathway database. Seventy-two differentially expressed serum proteins were identified in patients with severe PS compared with patients with mild/moderate PS. Most proteins altered in severe PS were involved in wound healing, inflammatory response, and oxygen transport pathways. Before treatment and at clinical cure, signaling proteins participating in wound healing, complement cascade, cholesterol transport and retinoid metabolism pathways were downregulated in patients with severe PS, whereas signaling proteins in gluconeogenesis and gas exchange pathways were upregulated. At serological cure, the pattern of protein expression reversed. At apparent cure pathways related with tissue repair (fibrosis) became downregulated, and pathway related oxygen transport became upregulated. Additionally, we identified 15 proteins as candidate biomarkers for severe PS.

Conclusions/Significance

Development of severe PS is related to increased expression of proteins involved in glycolytic pathway and oxygen exchange), indicative of the greater cellular activity and replication associated with early dysregulation of wound healing and aberrant tissue repair. Our findings provide new targets to study mechanisms of PS in PCM, as well as potential biomarkers.
Multi-scale Xception based depthwise separable convolution for single image super-resolution
Authors: Muhammad Wazir , Aramvith Supavadee , Onoye Takao
Published: August 2021

The main target of Single image super-resolution is to recover high-quality or high-resolution image from degraded version of low-quality or low-resolution image. Recently, deep learning-based approaches have achieved significant performance in image super-resolution tasks. However, existing approaches related with image super-resolution fail to use the features information of low-resolution images as well as do not recover the hierarchical features for the final reconstruction purpose. In this research work, we have proposed a new architecture inspired by ResNet and Xception networks, which enable a significant drop in the number of network parameters and improve the processing speed to obtain the SR results. We are compared our proposed algorithm with existing state-of-the-art algorithms and confirmed the great ability to construct HR images with fine, rich, and sharp texture details as well as edges. The experimental results validate that our proposed approach has robust performance compared to other popular techniques related to accuracy, speed, and visual quality.
Cell-cell adhesion regulates Merlin/NF2 interaction with the PAF complex
Authors: Roehrig Anne E. , Klupsch Kristina , Oses-Prieto Juan A. , Chaib Selim , Henderson Stephen , Emmett Warren , Young Lucy C. , Surinova Silvia , Blees Andreas , Pfeiffer Anett , Tijani Maha , Brunk Fabian , Hartig Nicole , Muñoz-Alegre Marta , Hergovich Alexander , Jennings Barbara H. , Burlingame Alma L. , Rodriguez-Viciana Pablo
Published: August 2021

The PAF complex (PAFC) coordinates transcription elongation and mRNA processing and its CDC73/parafibromin subunit functions as a tumour suppressor. The NF2/Merlin tumour suppressor functions both at the cell cortex and nucleus and is a key mediator of contact inhibition but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we have used affinity proteomics to identify novel Merlin interacting proteins and show that Merlin forms a complex with multiple proteins involved in RNA processing including the PAFC and the CHD1 chromatin remodeller. Tumour-derived inactivating mutations in both Merlin and the CDC73 PAFC subunit mutually disrupt their interaction and growth suppression by Merlin requires CDC73. Merlin interacts with the PAFC in a cell density-dependent manner and we identify a role for FAT cadherins in regulating the Merlin-PAFC interaction. Our results suggest that in addition to its function within the Hippo pathway, Merlin is part of a tumour suppressor network regulated by cell-cell adhesion which coordinates post-initiation steps of the transcription cycle of genes mediating contact inhibition.
Perinatal use of triptans and other drugs for migraine—A nationwide drug utilization study
Authors: Tauqeer Fatima , Wood Mollie , Hjorth Sarah , Lupattelli Angela , Nordeng Hedvig
Published: August 2021

Objective

To characterize nationwide utilization patterns of migraine pharmacotherapy before, during, and after pregnancy in women with triptan use.

Methods

Population-based data were obtained by linking the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Prescription Database from 2006 to 2017. We included 22,940 pregnancies among 19,669 women with at least one filled triptan prescription, a proxy for migraine, in the year before pregnancy or during pregnancy. The population was classified into four groups: i) continuers; ii) discontinuers; iii) initiators, and vi) post-partum re-initiators. Participant characteristics and prescription fills for other drugs such as analgesics, antinauseants, and preventive drugs among the groups were examined, along with an array of triptan utilization parameters.

Results

In total, 20.0% of the women were classified as triptan continuers, 54.1% as discontinuers, 8.0% as initiators, and 17.6% as re-initiators. Extended use of triptans (≥15 daily drug doses/month) occurred among 6.9% of the continuers in the first trimester. The top 10% of triptan continuers and initiators accounted for 41% (95% CI: 39.2% - 42.5%) and 33% (95% CI: 30.3% - 35.8%) of the triptan volume, respectively. Triptan continuers and initiators had similar patterns of acute co-medication during pregnancy, but use of preventive drugs was more common among the continuers before, during, and after pregnancy.

Conclusion

Among women using triptans before and during pregnancy, one in four continued triptan treatment during pregnancy, and extended triptan use was relatively low. Triptan discontinuation during and in the year after pregnancy was common. Use of other acute migraine treatments was higher among both continuers and initiators of triptans. Women using preventive migraine treatment were most commonly triptan continuers and re-initiators after pregnancy. Prescribing to and counseling of women with migraine should be tailored to the condition severity and their information needs to promote optimal migraine management in pregnancy.
Uncovering the genomic and metagenomic research potential in old ethanol-preserved snakes
Authors: Zacho Claus M. , Bager Martina A. , Margaryan Ashot , Gravlund Peter , Galatius Anders , Rasmussen Arne R. , Allentoft Morten E.
Published: August 2021

Natural history museum collections worldwide represent a tremendous resource of information on past and present biodiversity. Fish, reptiles, amphibians and many invertebrate collections have often been preserved in ethanol for decades or centuries and our knowledge on the genomic and metagenomic research potential of such material is limited. Here, we use ancient DNA protocols, combined with shotgun sequencing to test the molecular preservation in liver, skin and bone tissue from five old (1842 to 1964) museum specimens of the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). When mapping reads to a T. sirtalis reference genome, we find that the DNA molecules are highly damaged with short average sequence lengths (38–64 bp) and high C-T deamination, ranging from 9% to 21% at the first position. Despite this, the samples displayed relatively high endogenous DNA content, ranging from 26% to 56%, revealing that genome-scale analyses are indeed possible from all specimens and tissues included here. Of the three tested types of tissue, bone shows marginally but significantly higher DNA quality in these metrics. Though at least one of the snakes had been exposed to formalin, neither the concentration nor the quality of the obtained DNA was affected. Lastly, we demonstrate that these specimens display a diverse and tissue-specific microbial genetic profile, thus offering authentic metagenomic data despite being submerged in ethanol for many years. Our results emphasize that historical museum collections continue to offer an invaluable source of information in the era of genomics.
Human norovirus GII.4 Hong Kong variant shares common ancestry with GII.4 Osaka and emerged in Thailand in 2016
Authors: Chuchaona Watchaporn , Chansaenroj Jira , Puenpa Jiratchaya , Khongwichit Sarawut , Korkong Sumeth , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong
Published: August 2021

Human norovirus is a leading cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis, which affects all age groups and are found globally. Infections are highly contagious and often occur as outbreaks. Periodic emergence of new strains are not uncommon and novel variants are named after the place of first reported nucleotide sequence. Here, we identified human norovirus GII.4 Hong Kong variant in stool samples from Thai patients presented with acute gastroenteritis. Comparison of amino acid residues deduced from the viral nucleotide sequence with those of historical and contemporary norovirus GII.4 strains revealed notable differences, which mapped to the defined antigenic sites of the viral major capsid protein. Time-scaled phylogenetic analysis suggests that GII.4 Hong Kong shared common ancestry with GII.4 Osaka first reported in 2007, and more importantly, did not evolve from the now-prevalent GII.4 Sydney lineage. As circulation of norovirus minor variants can lead to eventual widespread transmission in susceptible population, this study underscores the potential emergence of the GII.4 Hong Kong variant, which warrants vigilant molecular epidemiological surveillance.
Hunter estimates of game density as a simple and efficient source of information for population monitoring: A comparison to targeted survey methods
Authors: Hušek Jan , Boudreau Melanie R. , Panek Marek
Published: August 2021

Hunters in Europe gather non-survey game species population estimates to inform wildlife management, however, the quality of such estimates remains unclear. We compared estimates of game density, realized annual intrinsic growth rates, and period mean growth rates between hunter obtained data and data obtained by targeted survey methods for four species in Poland from 1960 to 2014. Raw hunter estimates were strongly positively correlated to spotlight counts of red fox (18 years of monitoring), strip counts of brown hare (21 years) and grey partridge (25 years), male call counts of partridge (24 years), and complete counts of roe deer (49 years), and not related to spotlight counts of brown hare (15 years). Realized annual intrinsic growth rates derived from hunter estimates were strongly positively related to annual intrinsic growth rates derived from strip counts of grey partridge and complete counts of roe deer, but only weakly or not related to strip counts of brown hare, spotlight counts of red fox and brown hare, and male call counts of grey partridge. The period length at which the period mean growth rates derived from hunter estimates and estimates from other methods were strongly correlated was largely variable among methods and species. In the roe deer, correlation between these variables was strong across all years, while in smaller game species the period mean growth rates based on hunter estimates and other methods had the strongest association in period lengths of 6 to 11 years. We conclude that raw hunter estimates convey largely similar information to that provided by other targeted survey methods. Hunter estimates provide a source of population data for both the retrospective and prospective analysis of game population development when more robust estimates are unavailable.
pUL21 regulation of pUs3 kinase activity influences the nature of nuclear envelope deformation by the HSV-2 nuclear egress complex
Authors: Muradov Jamil H. , Finnen Renée L. , Gulak Michael A. , Hay Thomas J. M. , Banfield Bruce W.
Published: August 2021

It is well established that the herpesvirus nuclear egress complex (NEC) has an intrinsic ability to deform membranes. During viral infection, the membrane-deformation activity of the NEC must be precisely regulated to ensure efficient nuclear egress of capsids. One viral protein known to regulate herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) NEC activity is the tegument protein pUL21. Cells infected with an HSV-2 mutant lacking pUL21 (ΔUL21) produced a slower migrating species of the viral serine/threonine kinase pUs3 that was shown to be a hyperphosphorylated form of the enzyme. Investigation of the pUs3 substrate profile in ΔUL21-infected cells revealed a prominent band with a molecular weight consistent with that of the NEC components pUL31 and pUL34. Phosphatase sensitivity and retarded mobility in phos-tag SDS-PAGE confirmed that both pUL31 and pUL34 were hyperphosphorylated by pUs3 in the absence of pUL21. To gain insight into the consequences of increased phosphorylation of NEC components, the architecture of the nuclear envelope in cells producing the HSV-2 NEC in the presence or absence of pUs3 was examined. In cells with robust NEC production, invaginations of the inner nuclear membrane were observed that contained budded vesicles of uniform size. By contrast, nuclear envelope deformations protruding outwards from the nucleus, were observed when pUs3 was included in transfections with the HSV-2 NEC. Finally, when pUL21 was included in transfections with the HSV-2 NEC and pUs3, decreased phosphorylation of NEC components was observed in comparison to transfections lacking pUL21. These results demonstrate that pUL21 influences the phosphorylation status of pUs3 and the HSV-2 NEC and that this has consequences for the architecture of the nuclear envelope.
Arts, Health and Well-Being: A Critical Perspective on Research, Policy and Practice, Norma Daykin (2020)
Authors: Hearst Jane
Published: August 2021

Review of: Arts, Health and Well-Being: A Critical Perspective on Research, Policy and Practice, Norma Daykin (2020)

Abingdon: Routledge, 90 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-36740-417-8, h/bk, £35.99
Fenntartható önkéntesség. De hogyan? – Az Y-generációs egyetemista önkéntesek motivációjának szervezeti vizsgálata a hosszú távon fenntartott önkéntességre vonatkozóan
Authors: Forgács-Fábián Sára
Published: August 2021

Jelen tanulmány célja az Y-generációhoz tartozó egyetemisták önkéntes szervezetekben való megtartásának vizsgálata egy olyan nonprofit szervezet (az Amigos a gyerekekért Alapítvány) esettanulmányán keresztül, mely szervezetben átlagosan 20 hónapig aktívak az önkéntesek. A cikk kutatási kérdése, hogy mely szervezeti tényezők motiválhatják az Y-generációs egyetemista önkénteseket az egy évnél hosszabb idejű önkéntes munkájuk fenntartására. A tanulmány egyik legfontosabb megállapítása az, hogy az Y-generációs egyetemista önkéntesek számára fontos a szervezeti értékek és keretek minősége, vagyis maga a szervezet, amelyben önkéntes tevékenységüket végzik. Vizsgálatom szempontjából kiemelkedő tényező és megtartó erő számukra a közösség. Az önkéntes szervezetekre nézve valid feltételezés lehet, hogy az önkéntesek az „x óra” direkt segítségnyújtáson felül nem érdekeltek a szervezet további fejlesztésében, hiszen szabadidejükben, limitált időintervallumban foglalkoznak egy társadalmilag hasznos „üggyel”, ellentétben az ugyanazon szervezetnél teljes munkaidőben foglalkoztatottakkal. Ezt a feltételezést cáfolja a jelen tanulmány, illetve az elvégzett kutatás, mely szerint a szervezeti rugalmasság, a lapos szervezeti struktúra, a döntéshozatali mechanizmusokba történő bevonódási lehetőség, az önállóság biztosítása és a felelősségvállalás rendszere mind olyan tényezők, amelyek hozzájárulnak az Y-generációs egyetemista önkéntesek hosszabb távú megtartásához, ezáltal a szervezeti stabilitás jelentős növeléséhez.
Role Of Triclosan (TCS)-Containing Hand Washes In Hormonal Imbalance And Impotency
Authors: Owoicho Abah Moses , Bakare Mustapha , Ogenyi Deborah Oganya , Stephen Ogu , Okwori Ujah Moses
Published: August 2021

Research shows that, triclosan disrupts the biosynthesis of testosterone. when tested on isolated testicular leydig cells with various dosages, it was found out that triclosan dose-dependently decreases testosterone, and the mechanism is as follows: triclosan decreases the activity of adenylyl cyclase enzyme, resulting in the drop of cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate). Another research shows that, triclosan completely hammered thyroid hormones, lowered luteinizing hormone levels, follicle stimulating hormone levels, and cholesterol synthesis. Concerns over triclosan interfering with the body‘s thyroid hor-mone metabolism led to a study that found that triclosan had a marked hypothermic effect, lowering the body temperature, and overall causing a ―nonspecific depressant effect on the central nervous system. Another study associated exposure to low levels (0.03 mi-crog/L) of triclosan with disrupted thyroid hormone. Due to the close resemblance of triclosan to certain estrogens, a more recent paper in Environment International shows that triclosan inhibits estrogen sulfotransferase in sheep placenta,an enzyme which helps metabolize the hormone and transport it to the developing fetus. The suspicion is that triclosan would be dangerous in pregnancy if enough of it gets through to the placenta to affect the enzyme. Conclusively, it is recommended that hands should be washed with detergent and warm water, or with bleach and complement with alcohol-containing hand sanitizers rather than using triclosan containing hand washes; also when selecting prod-ucts such as hand washes, antiseptic soaps, facial cleansers, toothpaste, deodorants, al-ways watch out for Triclosan trade names/chemical names on the ingredient list such as trichlorocarbonalide, irgasan®, Irgacare® and Microban®, triclosan is used as a built-in antimicrobial for product protection.
Mpemba Effect- the Effect of Time
Authors: Wang Jianan
Published: August 2021

This paper draws the following conclusions on the nature of time by analyzing the relationship between time and speed, the relationship between time and gravitational field, the gravitational redshift of the photon, and the black-body radiation theorem:

Time on an object is proportional to the amount of energy flowing out (or in) per unit time (observer’s time) per unit surface area of the object.

When an object radiates energy outward:

t'=μB(T) =μσT
4=μnhν/st

Where t’ is the time on the object, μ is a constant,
B(T) is the
radiosity，the total energy radiated from the unit surface area of the object in unit time (observer’s time),
σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant,
T is the absolute temperature,
n is the number of the photons radiated,
ν is the average frequency of the photons radiated,
s is the surface area of the object and t is the time on the observer.

When the object radiates energy outward, the higher the energy density of the space (for example the stronger the gravitational field of the space), the smaller the radiosity B(T) of the object in the space, the longer the average wavelength of the light quantum emitted by the object, the slower the time on the object, the longer the life of the system.

When the object radiates energy outward, the faster the object moves relative to the ether, the higher the energy density of the local space in which the object is located, the smaller the radiosity B(T) of the object, the longer the average wavelength of the light quantum radiated by the object, the slower the time on the object, and the longer the life of the system.

When the object radiates energy outward, the higher the temperature of the object, the greater the object's radiosity B(T), the shorter the average wavelength of the light quantum radiated by the object, the faster the time on the object, and the shorter the life of the system.

Applying the above conclusions about the nature of time, the author analyzes the Mpemba effect and the inverse Mpemba effect, and reaches the following conclusion: the Mpemba effect is the time effect produced when heat flows from objects into space, and the "inverse" Mpemba effect is the time effect produced when heat flows from space into objects.
Gee-logit model corrected biplots with harvest effects on coffee beans grading
Authors: Ferreira Haiany Aparecida , Resende de Oliveira Érica , Guimarães Brighenti Carla Regina , Cirillo Marcelo Ângelo
Published: August 2021

In a granulometric analysis of coffee beans with different categories of defects, the data can be organized in contingency tables, and when considering the discrimination by harvest, they may have a structure that suggest a more complex model, by means of the counting of defective coffee beans compared to different crops interacting with the classification of defects and percentages of sieve grains, which characterizes a block design with multivariate responses. However, due to the techniques based on the analysis of variance, considering the uniform correlation structure for all plots, it becomes feasible to propose a model that allows contemplating different structures between the plots, associating the effects of the crops to the defects in the granulometric procedure applied to the coffee beans. Thus, the hypothesis of incorporating the effects of crops associated with defects arises using the biplot multivariate technique. This work aims to propose the use of corrected biplots by predictions obtained trhough the fit to the Generalized Linear Model in the coffee grain size classification, broken down by components of the effect of the harvests. In conclusion, the use of GEE models with the corrected biplot technique by the predictions is feasible for application to be applied to the granulometric analysis of defective coffee beans, presenting discrimination regarding the effects of harvests.
Metal accumulation, growth and nutrition of Vernonia polyanthes exposed to lead nitrate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Morais Joacir , Boechat Cácio Luiz , De Oliveira Daniela Fernandes , Arauco Adriana Miranda de Santana , Carlos Filipe Selau , Soares Poliana Prates de Souza
Published: August 2021

The association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be used to bioremediate areas contaminated by metals. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the lead (Pb2+) phytoaccumulation capacity, morpho-physiology and nutrition responses of Vernonia polyanthes exposed to a solution amended with concentrations of lead nitrate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The treatments consisted of increasing doses of Pb2+ as lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2], two strains of AMF and an absolute control without lead and AMF. Lead negatively affected some morphophysiological variables, reduced 27.3, 25.63, 30.60, and 56.60% shoot length, root collar diameter, number of leaves and leaf area, respectively, besides reducing decreasing chlorophyll a. Lead accumulated in the shoot and roots, the latter at the highest concentrations. However, the translocation factor was above 1, indicating low efficiency. The bioaccumulation factor referring to the roots were above 1. The fungi colonization rate was low, 3.31% for Gigaspora margarita and 2.33% for Acaulospora morrowiae. However, the absorption of lead increased, reflecting in lower values of chlorophyll a, dry mass of root and diameter. Results indicated that the arboreal species V. polyanthes tolerate high concentrations of lead and can accumulate significant amounts in the roots. AMF increase the accumulation of lead in the shoot and can be used in projects aimed at the phytoextraction of metals.
Biological activity of entomopathogenic nematodes on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Chaneiko Sandra Mara , Lima de Brida Andressa , Bernardi Daniel , Garrigós Leite Luis , Garcia Flávio Roberto Mello
Published: August 2021

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is one of the main pests of fruit farming, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) represent an important control tool of this species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of different isolate against A. fraterculus larvae and adults. Bioassays were performed using a suspension of three isolates of Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCB 24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB 02 and Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 at six concentrations (control - without nematodes), 50, 150, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 infective juveniles (IJs)/mL of water per 3º instar larvae. It was verified the susceptibility of larvae of A. fraterculus to isolates of EPNs and a significant increase of the pupal mortality in the function of the concentration of IJs inoculated by larva (above 75%). After the dissection of pupae and adults of A. fraterculus from infected larvae, the concentration of 1500 IJs/mL of EPNs provided the highest rate of multiplication of IJs by insect, equating to maximum concentration tested 1500 IJs/mL. Adults of A. fraterculus from larvae infected with EPNs longevity of five days, being less than adults from uninfected larvae by IJs (135 days). H. amazonensis IBCB 24, S. carpocapsae IBCB 02, and S. feltiae IBCB 47 proved to be promising as agents of biological control of A. fraterculus.
Peningkatan Daya Imajinasi Melalui Menulis Kreatif Pantun Pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri Kebondalem Kidul I Klaten
Authors: Srinugraheni Aninditya , A.S. Dhyajeng
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to increase the power of imagination of learners SDN Kebondalem Kidul I Klaten through learning creative writing poem. Poem is one type of fiction, in writing the poem takes its own imagination, because the lines in the poem have a different meaning, The first and second rows in the form called sampiran rhymes, he third and fourth lines rhyme form of content, Sampiran and the content of the poem have a different meaning and are not related to each other. The absence of a link on the contents of the poem sampiran and require thought and imagination of its own. therefore, researchers conducted the study in SDN Kebondalem Kidul I Klaten. Subjects in this study were 10 students in grade IV SDN Kebondalem Kidul I Klaten. The Data collection techniques ware used is interviews and tests of the work of students in writing a poem. The results showed that the power of imagination comparable to the creativity of learners writing poem. It can be concluded that the increase in the imagination of learners can be done through creative writing poem on the learner SDN Kebondalem Kidul I Klaten.
PENDIDIKAN ANTI KEKERASAN UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI: KONSEPSI DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA
Authors: Setiani Riris Eka
Published: August 2021

Anti-violence education basically seeks to answer the issues raised lately relation to the increasingly widespread child abuse both within the family, society, and the more so in an educational environment. Acts of violence, whatever its form, can harm children, which affected my growth and development both concerning aspects of physical, cognitive, emotional and psycho-social. Early childhood, is the age at which the child is experiencing rapid growth and development in both the development of emotional, intellectual, and moral language, or commonly the golden age. Therefore, in an effort to maintain and ensure the growth and development of AU goes well and unavoidable acts of violence perpetrated by adults importance of education applied nuanced nati violence. In the implementation, presenting the anti-violence education systems and processes that are safe, comfortable, fun and free of actions that lead to violence.
Kebijakan Pemerintah Terhadap Pendidikan Inklusif
Authors: Saputra Angga
Published: August 2021

Inclusive education is the education given to students who have the disorder, has the potential intelligence and special talents. Also children are not able to learn for one thing: disability, autism, mental retardation, homeless children, the other had the talent and potential. Inclusive education is a system of educational services for children with special needs in the regular school education and this should be done as early as possible. This is in accordance with the policy internationally and nationally as stipulated in Law No. 20 of 2003 on article 32 and Permendiknas number 70 of 2009, by providing opportunities and opportunities for children with special needs to acquire education in schools regular ranging from elementary school, School junior High and High School / Vocational. The success of inclusive education will depend on the cooperation of the government, teachers and parents together.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Naturalis Anak Usia 3-4 Tahun Melalui Bermain Kreatif Berbasis Area
Authors: Susmini Susmini
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the naturalist intelligence of children aged 3-4 years in Amanah Family Planning Guwo Tlogowungu Pati 2016/2017 academic year. 2) and to determine the increase in naturalist intelligence of children aged 3-4 years in Amanah Guwo KB Tlogowungu Pati 2016/2017 school year through area-based creative play. This research method uses a type of classroom action research. This research was conducted in two stages, namely cycle I and cycle II. The subjects of this study were students of Amanah Play Group aged 3-4 years Guwo Tlogowungu Pati as many as 20 students. The results of this study indicate that area-based creative play to improve children's naturalist intelligence is carried out with two cycles, the first cycle is carried out by opening 4 areas. The second cycle is done by opening 5 game areas. The results of data analysis and observation through area-based creative play showed an increase from the pre-cycle of 35% of children who completed their naturalist intelligence, increasing in the first cycle to 61%. That is, an increase of 30%. In cycle II it increased to 80% and there was an increase of 85%. The results achieved in the second cycle had fulfilled the intended completeness target, namely 80% of all children scored with a complete category of 85. This increase in the average value proved the success of area-based creative play to improve children's naturalist intelligence.
Sacred Earth and African Women’s Theology
Authors: Chirongoma Sophia , Rakoczy Sue
Published: August 2021

This special issue is one of the nine academic publications emerging from the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians’ (the Circle) Fifth Pan-African Conference, held at the University of Botswana (Gaborone), July 2-5, 2019. The conference was also a commemoration of the Circle’s thirty years of existence. It featured papers on some aspects of the theme, “Mother Earth and Mother Africa in Theological/Religious/Cultural/Philosophical Imagination.” As was noted in the Conference Call for Papers:The land is often constructed as female gendered and the oppression of women is interlinked with the oppression of the Earth; and…it is widely acknowledged that we live in the era of global warming - which is humanly induced and of which many have also linked with anthropocentric religious/cultural/theological perspectives.
Sisters in Solidarity: Resistance and Agency through Urban Community Food Gardens in Pietermaritzburg
Authors: Naicker Linda
Published: August 2021

In this article I explore the solidarity, resistance and agency of a group of women involved in an urban community food garden project in collaboration with the Pietermaritzburg Agency for Community Social Action (PACSA). I explore this initiative through the lenses of African Women’s Theology (AWT) and Oikos Theology and suggest that urban community food gardens represent a cooperation with nature and a resistance to social structures and systems that perpetuate marginalization, inequality, and subjugation of women. AWT provides a means to theorize and theologize women’s suffering and agency, and Oikos Theology recognizes the connection between economy and ecology. I tease out how ecological and indigenous wisdom applied in urban community food gardens results in a mutually sustaining relationship between local communities and the earth. I also show how the development of an ecological consciousness not only serves to mitigate food insecurity but empowers women to resist systems and structures of oppression and to embrace affirming and life-giving traditions.
Gender and Access to Land Ownership: Christian Reflection on the Experience of Malawian Widows
Authors: Kapuma Gertrude A.
Published: August 2021

Most women in Malawi encounter gender-based discrimination and violence when attempting to access land rights. Although legally land is transferred from parents to children, culturally in practical terms, land is either controlled by a brother or an uncle, leaving female members of the family with no decision-making powers. Upon the death of the husband, the widow loses property jointly held with the husband, as well as her own marital property to either the brother of the husband, or to her own brothers and uncles. Regardless of the many years spent in building their life together while enjoying the land they lived on and cared for together, unfortunately, the death of her husband leaves the widow with nothing. Lack of civic education makes many widows remain ignorant of the fact that the Malawian law protects them, and their land claims. This ignorance contributes to the suffering and impoverishment of many widows and leads some to live in acute poverty. The church has a special obligation to protect the rights of widows. It has an obligation to help empower women to secure land and the right to land so that widows can contribute to the larger community. Using a narrative approach, this article will demonstrate the difficulties faced by Malawian widows in terms of land claims. Current practices of inheritance and the ways widows are dispossessed will be uplifted through widows’ own stories about their lived realities. The article will conclude by proffering constructive proposals about how the church can empower widows to find solutions to these very real problems
Crisis de la crítica. Sobre la crítica teatral en Bogotá
Authors: Galvis Delgado Daniela
Published: August 2021

La crítica es un ejercicio relacionado con el criterio. Un criterio construido a partir de la observación detallada de un hecho particular y que deriva en un análisis o evaluación sobre dicho hecho. Dada su naturaleza, la crítica está en la capacidad de permear en cualquier disciplina, pero necesita espacio para desarrollarse; de no tenerlo, la crítica estará expuesta a no ser legitimada por la disciplina en la que está inmersa. Al parecer, esto último es lo que ha generado una pregunta dentro de la esfera teatral bogotana: ¿existe o no la crítica teatral en Bogotá? Es por ello que este artículo pretende elaborar una aproximación a la labor crítica ejercida en Bogotá a través de los ojos de quienes intentan ejercer el oficio en los últimos años. Para determinar el estado actual de la crítica teatral en Bogotá se delimita su perfil como oficio a partir de un ejercicio ecléctico, que da paso a la opinión de algunas de las personas comprometidas con el desarrollo del oficio en la ciudad, para finalmente identificar las diversas dificultades que enfrenta actualmente el oficio de la crítica en el campo teatral colombiano.
Fusiones y adquisiciones: El caso de São Paulo
Authors: Harillo Pla Adrià
Published: August 2021

Según datos recientes del mercado del arte, unos pocos agentes institucionales tienen una gran cuota de mercado. En consecuencia, el mercado del arte se compone cada vez más de una serie de estrellas en el sentido de Rosen y Adler. Estas diferencias se maximizan en períodos de crisis. En Brasil y, más concretamente, en São Paulo, dos agentes sobrevivieron a la crisis económica posterior a los Juegos Olímpicos y el Mundial de Fútbol con una propuesta innovadora: expandir su negocio mediante fusiones y adquisiciones.Antonio Almeida y Carlos Dale se dedican a comprar galerías rivales. En un país tan desigual económicamente como Brasil y, especialmente, el Brasil después de la crisis económica, esto es especialmente posible. Veremos algunas de las ventajas competitivas que esta práctica puede aportar a estos dos agentes.
Aportes desde las prácticas del fracaso al campo emergente de los estudios artísticos
Authors: Cáceres Jaramillo Juan Fernando
Published: August 2021

Los estudios artísticos se definen como un campo donde se piensa de manera crítica la modernidad, desde una perspectiva decolonial. Situados en “la frontera”, desde la Maestría y el Doctorado en Estudios Artísticos de la Universidad Distrital se empiezan a configurar las bases epistémicas y metodológicas que servirán de hoja de ruta para el desarrollo de las investigaciones/creaciones que se afincan ya en sus espacios académicos. Se pretende hacer un aporte a este ejercicio de construcción a partir de las agitaciones teóricas y artísticas que se han suscitado alrededor del ejercicio indisciplinante en Prácticas del Fracaso, un proyecto que surgió bajo la batuta del afamado clown Maladrés, y que ahora es objeto de estudio dentro del doctorado. Para ello se cruza el concepto de frontera con el de paréntesis y se enuncian aspectos transversales que comprometen la creación artística, la concepción de la obra de arte y la performatividad.
A new species of Philibertia (Apocynaceae) from Bolivia
Authors: Keller Héctor A. , Goyder David J.
Published: August 2021

Based on herbarium material collected in Bolivia, a species new to science, Philibertia woodii H.A. Keller & Goyder is described and illustrated here. The species is similar in its vegetative and floral morphology to Philibertia latiflora (Griseb.) Goyder, P. longistyla Goyder and P. speciosa (Malme) Goyder. The new species allows the list of taxa of the genus to be increased to 45.
Novel electrodes for precise and accurate droplet dispensing and splitting in digital microfluidics
Authors: Wang He , Chen Liguo
Published: August 2021

Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a versatile fluid handling tool that is widely used in the biochemical field. There are very high requirements for the volume of single droplet in many biochemical applications. Droplet dispensing and splitting are two main operations to generate a single droplet in DMF. Therefore, the generation of droplets with high volume precision and accuracy in the two droplet operations is one of the keys to the efficient application of DMF in biochemical analysis. We have developed a novel droplet dispensing and splitting scheme where electrode geometry is optimized. The liquid column can contract in a regular shape, which keep the neck shape uniform and stable, and the position of pinch-off point was fixed; meanwhile, the liquid tail is eliminated before pinching off, so that the precision and accuracy of droplet volume were greatly improved. The increase in the radius of the cutting electrodes elongated the droplet neck and increased the neck curvature at the pinch-off point, which further effectively improved the precision and accuracy of droplet volume. The optimized droplet splitting scheme can also be applied to the droplet splitting with unequal volume effectively.
Nudging through Consensus
Authors: Huang Chin-Hao , Jayaraman Arjun
Published: August 2021

With its emphasis on organizational minimalism, how does ASEAN induce change in its members’ policies? This paper examines the impact of consensus within ASEAN on haze mitigation in the Indonesian archipelago. When ASEAN articulates its environmental initiatives with a strong consensus, this clarity in its norms incentivizes emulation. The stronger the consensus within the group, the more compelling it becomes for members to adopt the agreement. Such prosocial behavior reflects nudging. Strong ASEAN consensus is a precursor of nudging that leads to dimmer hotspots. This study draws on discourse analysis of ASEAN summit statements on the haze, R programming to analyze NASA data on the brightness of peatland hotspots, and a case study to illustrate the causal mechanism. The findings identify ASEAN’s role in environmental governance, particularly with respect to when consensus-based nudging is more or less likely to incentivize member states to curb transboundary haze.
Explaining Access to Citizenship in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Bartasevičius Vainius
Published: August 2021

Against the backdrop of international migration and the rise of right-wing populism, debates on citizenship policies intensified. This article seeks to explain why some Central and Eastern European countries adopted more inclusive access to nationality rules for non-ethnic immigrants than others. Encompassing the period from 1990 to 2014, the analysis focuses on four factors: left–right ideological position of governments, electoral strength of far-right parties, the size of expatriate/kin minority populations, and the importance of national minority issues. Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, the article found that strong far-right parties, important national minority issues, and sizable expatriate/kin minority populations all contributed to restrictive citizenship policies in Central and Eastern Europe. However, none of these factors were necessary or sufficient. Meanwhile, inclusive access to nationality rules were adopted in those countries where far-right parties failed to register important electoral successes and national minority issues were relatively insignificant.
Technologia WIĘCEJ NIŻ SREBRO™ w leczeniu biofilmu
Authors: Szkiler Elżbieta
Published: August 2021

Naturalna odporność bakterii na 14 nowoczesnych antybiotyków syntetycznych, ich umiejętność przetrwania w niesprzyjających warunkach oraz wszechobecność stanowi zagrożenie dla zdrowia człowieka. Walka z biofilmem w ranach jest trudna, wymaga doskonałego oczyszczania, zastosowania antyseptyków i wykorzystania nowoczesnych opatrunków antybakteryjnych. Połączenie dwóch technologii – Hydrofiber™ i WIĘCEJ NIŻ SREBRO™ – ułatwia oraz znacznie przyspiesza walkę z biofilmem pokrywającym niegojące się rany. Nowoczesny opatrunek o unikatowych właściwościach (Aquacel® Ag+ Extra™), oparty na synergii tych dwóch technologii, umożliwia szybkie usuwanie biofilmu i zapobieganie ponownemu powstawaniu struktur biofilmowych, wykorzystując jednocześnie wszystkie zalety technologii Hydrofiber™.
Effect of delignification on hemicellulose extraction from switchgrass, poplar, and pine and its effect on enzymatic convertibility of cellulose-rich residues
Authors: Geng Wenhui , Venditti Richard A. , Pawlak Joel J. , Chang Hou-min
Published: August 2021

Hemicellulose is an abundant and underutilized carbohydrate polymer in plants. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of delignification on hemicellulose extraction efficiency with different types of lignocellulosic biomass. In the case of pine, with a prior sodium chlorite or peracetic acid delignification, more than 50% of the original hemicellulose in the biomass could be extracted using a 10% sodium hydroxide solution; without delignification, only 3.4% of hemicellulose could be extracted from pine. In contrast, without prior delignification, acceptable hemicellulose extraction efficiencies (55.5% and 50.7%, respectively) were achieved from switchgrass and poplar. In addition, the effect of hemicellulose extraction processes on the enzymatic convertibility of the cellulose-rich residues after extraction was determined. The cellulose-rich residues from switchgrass after hemicellulose alkali extraction showed high glucose recovery with enzyme hydrolysis with or without prior delignification. For pine and poplar, high glucose recovery with enzyme hydrolysis of the cellulose-rich residues only occurred if the sample had a delignification step prior to hemicellulose extraction. This information on commercially available biomass feedstocks is useful for those considering isolating hemicellulose within a biorefinery concept.
Permeability of Parkia gigantocarpa as affected by wood anatomy
Authors: Baraúna Edy Eime Pereira , Lima José Tarcísio , Monteiro Thiago Campos , dos Santos Vaniele Bento , dos Santos Jean Henrique
Published: August 2021

This study evaluated Parkia gigantocarpa wood from the Amazon rainforest for its permeability to air and liquid in the longitudinal direction. The influence of anatomical characteristics on the permeability of wood was characterized. Three trees were collected in the State of Pará, Brazil. Samples were converted into specimens and subjected to permeability tests and anatomical characterization. Permeability was obtained in the laboratory, and the results were compared with the permeability data estimated by a longitudinal flow model for hardwoods. The air permeability of wood was 140.2 x 10-9 m3.[m.(N.m-2).s]-1 liquid permeability was 3.28 x 10-9 m3.[m.(N.m-2).s]-1. The fiber length and thickness of the cell wall had a direct and positive relationship with the permeability, whereas fiber width presented an inverse relationship with permeability. The vessel frequency and diameter did not influence the permeability of wood from the heartwood of P. gigantocarpa that presented high permeability and potential for easy wood drying and treatment.