bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Couple interdependence impacts HIV‐related health behaviours among pregnant couples in southwestern Kenya: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Rogers Anna Joy , Achiro Lillian , Bukusi Elizabeth A , Hatcher Abigail M , Kwena Zachary , Musoke Pamela L , Turan Janet M , Weke Elly , Darbes Lynae A
Published: November 2016

Introduction

HIV infection is frequently transmitted within stable couple partnerships. In order to prevent HIV acquisition in HIV‐negative couples, as well as improve coping in couples with an HIV‐positive diagnosis, it has been suggested that interventions be aimed at strengthening couple relationships, in addition to addressing individual behaviours. However, little is known about factors that influence relationships to impact joint decision‐making related to HIV.

Methods

We conducted qualitative in‐depth interviews with 40 pregnant women and 40 male partners in southwestern Kenya, an area of high HIV prevalence. Drawing from the interdependence model of communal coping and health behaviour change, we employed thematic analysis methods to analyze interview transcripts in Dedoose software with the aim of identifying key relationship factors that could contribute to the development of a couples‐based intervention to improve health outcomes for pregnant women and their male partners.

Results

In accordance with the interdependence model, we found that couples with greater relationship‐centred motivations described jointly engaging in more health‐enhancing behaviours, such as couples HIV testing, disclosure of HIV status, and cooperation to improve medication and clinic appointment adherence. These couples often had predisposing factors such as stronger communication skills and shared children, and were less likely to face potential challenges such as polygamous marriages, wife inheritance, living separately, or financial difficulties. For HIV‐negative couples, joint decision‐making helped them face the health threat of acquiring HIV together. For couples with an HIV‐positive diagnosis, communal coping helped reduce risk of interspousal transmission and improve long‐term health prospects. Conversely, participants felt that self‐centred motivations led to more concurrent sexual partnerships, reduced relationship satisfaction, and mistrust. Couples who lacked interdependence were more likely to mention experiencing violence or relationship dissolution, or having difficulty coping with HIV‐related stigma.

Conclusions

We found that interdependence theory may provide key insights into health‐related attitudes and behaviours adopted by pregnant couples. Interventions that invest in strengthening relationships, such as couple counselling during pregnancy, may improve adoption of beneficial HIV‐related health behaviours. Future research should explore adaptation of existing evidence‐based couple counselling interventions to local contexts, in order to address modifiable relationship characteristics that can increase interdependence and improve HIV‐related health outcomes.
Single synapse evaluation of the postsynaptic NMDA receptors targeted by evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission
Authors: Reese Austin L , Kavalali Ege T
Published: November 2016

Recent studies indicate that within individual synapses spontaneous and evoked release processes are segregated and regulated independently. In the hippocampus, earlier electrophysiological recordings suggested that spontaneous and evoked glutamate release can activate separate groups of postsynaptic NMDA receptors with limited overlap. However, it is still unclear how this separation of NMDA receptors is distributed across individual synapses. In a previous paper (Reese and Kavalali, 2015) we showed that NMDA receptor mediated spontaneous transmission signals to the postsynaptic protein translation machinery through Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. Here, we show that in rat hippocampal neurons although spontaneous and evoked glutamate release driven NMDA receptor mediated Ca2+ transients often occur at the same synapse, these two signals do not show significant correlation or cross talk.
Highly linearly polarized white light emission from InGaN light-emitting diode with nanograting-integrated fluorescent ceramics
Authors: Chen Linghua , Wang Miao , Cao Bing , Zhou Shengming , Lin Yu , Hu Jingpei , Wang Chinhua , Wang Jianfeng , Sun Qian , Xu Ke
Published: November 2016

We proposed and demonstrated a linearly polarized white light emission from an InGaN light-emitting diode with nanograting-integrated fluorescent ceramics. By incorporating a dielectric layer with low refractive index between multilayer nanogratings and a fluorescent ceramic, both high TM transmission (TMT) and high extinction ratio (ER) were effectively achieved across the entire range of white light. An ER higher than 20 dB and a TMT of 60% were obtained experimentally for a GaN/fluorescent-ceramic-integrated white LED with a multilayer grating of 150 nm period. The fluorescent-ceramic-integrated structure showed possibilities of implementing a polarized white LED with high performance.
Amorphous indium–gallium–zinc–oxide thin-film transistors using organic–inorganic hybrid films deposited by low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for all dielectric layers
Authors: Hsu Chao-Jui , Chang Ching-Hsiang , Chang Kuei-Ming , Wu Chung-Chih
Published: November 2016

We investigated the deposition of high-performance organic–inorganic hybrid dielectric films by low-temperature (close to room temperature) inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO)/O2 precursor gas. The hybrid films exhibited low leakage currents and high breakdown fields, suitable for thin-film transistor (TFT) applications. They were successfully integrated into the gate insulator, the etch-stop layer, and the passivation layer for bottom-gate staggered amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) TFTs having the etch-stop configuration. With the double-active-layer configuration having a buffer a-IGZO back-channel layer grown in oxygen-rich atmosphere for better immunity against plasma damage, the etch-stop-type bottom-gate staggered a-IGZO TFTs with good TFT characteristics were successfully demonstrated. The TFTs showed good field-effect mobility (μFE), threshold voltage (V
th), subthreshold swing (SS), and on/off ratio (I
on/off) of 7.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, 2.38 V, 0.38 V/decade, and 2.2 × 108, respectively, manifesting their usefulness for a-IGZO TFTs.
A revision of tetrapod footprints from the late Carboniferous of the West Midlands, UK
Authors: Meade Luke E. , Jones Andrew S. , Butler Richard J.
Published: November 2016

A series of sandstone slabs from Hamstead, Birmingham (West Midlands, UK), preserve an assemblage of tetrapod trackways and individual tracks from the Enville Member of the Salop Formation (late Carboniferous: late Moscovian–Kasimovian). This material has received limited previous study, despite being one of the few British sites to preserve Carboniferous tetrapod footprints. Here, we restudy and revise the taxonomy of this material, and document it using 3D models produced using photogrammetry. The assemblage is dominated by large tracks assigned toLimnopusisp., which were made by early amphibians (temnospondyls). A number of similar but smaller tracks are assigned toBatrachichnus salamandroides(also made by temnospondyls).Dimetropus leisnerianus(made by early synapsids) andDromopus lacertoides(made by lizard-like sauropsids such as araeoscelids) are also present. This ichnofauna contrasts with a slightly stratigraphically older, more extensive and better-studied assemblage from Alveley (Shropshire), which is dominated by small amphibians with relatively rare reptiliomorphs, but which lacksDromopustracks. The presence ofDromopus lacertoidesat Hamstead is consistent with the trend towards increasing aridity through the late Carboniferous. It is possible that the assemblage is the stratigraphically oldest occurrence of this important amniote ichnotaxon.
IMAGEM AMADORA NO TELEJORNALISMO EM TEMPOS DE CULTURA DIGITAL
Authors: Cadorin Fábio Bitencourt
Published: November 2016

Este artigo investiga se a relevância do valor-notícia visualidade, no telejornalismo, sofre impacto com a implantação da TV digital. É uma síntese da tese de doutorado deste autor, intitulada “Imagem amadora no telejornalismo em tempos de cultura digital: implicações sobre o valor-notícia visualidade, na perspectiva de editores-chefes de telejornais de abrangência estadual de Santa Catarina”. A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que a realidade é um fenômeno em construção. Paradigmas construcionistas, portanto, norteiam o estudo. Dentre as teorias do jornalismo, utiliza-se o Newsmaking por abarcar conceitos fundamentais à investigação, a começar pelo valor-notícia. A opção também se dá pelo fato de a pesquisa se desenvolver na perspectiva dos emissores. O referencial bibliográfico prioriza a abordagem de aspectos relacionados à cultura digital. Analisa-se o processo de transição do analógico para o digital e como essa mudança afeta as mídias, sobretudo, a televisão. Percebe-se que a produção de imagens que alcançam ampla circulação já extrapola os limites dos veículos de comunicação de massa tradicionais. Neste contexto, inserem-se as imagens amadoras. Enfatiza-se, então, o papel do olhar amador na construção da notícia. Como técnica de pesquisa de campo, realizam-se entrevistas em profundidade com editores-chefes de telejornais de abrangência estadual de Santa Catarina. Emprega-se uma análise de conteúdo para o tratamento do corpus. Os resultados sugerem que a relevância do valor-notícia visualidade, no telejornalismo, não sofre impacto com a implantação da TV digital, mas tem a ver com o ingresso na cultura digital. Os dados também apontam para o fortalecimento do jornalismo participativo e da audiência como coautora da produção noticiosa de televisão, uma vez que a imagem amadora assume relevância além de sua utilidade como cobertura da zona de sombra do jornalismo.
A ARQUEOLOGIA DO SABER DE MICHEL FOUCAULT NO CAMPO DA COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Baptista Iuri Yudi Furukita
Published: November 2016

A arqueologia do saber formulada por Michel Foucault é aqui apresentada como uma opção metodológica para a pesquisa no campo da comunicação. Originais da história do conhecimento, as técnicas delimitadas pelo francês em A Arqueologia do saber trabalham com regularidades discursivas, funções enunciativas, formações de conceitos e definições de séries, quadros e descontinuidades. Após uma sintética introdução a seus conceitos, defende-se que a metodologia possui maleabilidade para ser aplicada em diversos estudos do campo comunicativo.
A HERMENÊUTICA DE PROFUNDIDADE E SUAS APLICAÇÕES
Authors: Nazário Heleno Rocha , Reino Luciana Da Silva Souza , Manfredini Rodolfo
Published: November 2016

A Hermenêutica de Profundidade, na formulação proposta por John B.Thompson como referencial metodológico para a pesquisa das formas simbólicas circulantes em contextos sociais, é o tema deste relato de pesquisa. Informações sobre as influências na composição do método estruturam o caminho para a explicação sobre como as fases da Análise Sócio-histórica, Análise Formal ou Discursiva e a Interpretação/ Reinterpretação podem ser articuladas com outros métodos de análise, e como a teoria de Thompson sobre a Ideologia e as estratégias de construção simbólica a serviço de modos de operação ideológicos pode ser posta em uso como opção metodológica. Aplicações do método em alguns tipos de suportes usados para as formas simbólicas são discutidas na seção final do texto.
ALTERAÇÕES NA IDENTIDADE FEMININA À LUZ DA MÍDIA TELEVISIVA DOS ANOS 80
Authors: Silva Costa Adriana Conceição
Published: November 2016

Trata-se, neste trabalho, de refletir sobre a identidade feminina na mídia televisiva e suas possíveis alterações visualizadas através de personagens protagonistas de uma novela e uma série – a saber: Roque Santeiro e Malu Mulher – veiculadas na década de 1980 na televisão brasileira. Esse período da história do Brasil pontua-se pelo fim da censura imposta pela ditadura militar e pelo período de leve abertura democrática. Este trabalho apoiou-se inicialmente na metodologia etnográfica - lembrando que esta tem como preocupação abordar as atividades práticas, as circunstâncias e o raciocínio sociológico que se desenvolve pelos atores no curso de suas atividades cotidianas - e a análise do discurso. Como ferramentas metodológicas um grupo focal composto por oito mulheres, que na década de 1980 eram adolescentes e consumiam os produtos televisivos que são alvos desta pesquisa. Também foram utilizados dados estatísticos para amparar a discussão. Há uma breve caracterização de dois personagens protagonistas dos programas citados, visando a uma caracterização da imagem feminina nesses programas e suas possíveis implicações na formação identitária da mulher, nos dias atuais.
MÍDIA E MIDIATIZAÇÃO EM NOTÍCIA DE UM SEQUESTRO
Authors: Venci Amanda Arruda , Lima Marcelo Fernando de
Published: November 2016

Partindo da ideia de que mídia e poder estão intimamente vinculados e de que os meios de comunicação sempre exerceram influência sobre diversos acontecimentos, moldando eventos através dos tempos, discute-se o conceito de midiatização a partir de Notícia de um Sequestro (1996), de Gabriel García Márquez. A obra apresenta o relato de um caso em que a mídia assume a posição de protagonista, tornando-se, de certa forma, um tema do livro. Dessa maneira, pretende-se discorrer sobre a importância de seu papel como elemento de negociação, manipulação e disputa de poder.
JORNALISMO, CIÊNCIA E INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE: NOTAS SOBRE O INFORMAR E PRODUZIR CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Bertolini Jeferson
Published: November 2016

Este artigo pensa o jornalismo no contexto da ciência e da interdisciplinaridade. O objetivo é dizer que, além de informar, o jornalismo produz conhecimento, como o faz a ciência. O texto aponta as faces inter, multi e transdisciplinar do jornalismo. O manuscrito é baseado em levantamento bibliográfico e observação. Conclui que o jornalismo tem pelo menos duas características em comum com a ciência: a produção de conhecimento e a busca pela verdade.
RESISTÊNCIA E JORNALISMO NA LITERATURA DE ANTONIO CALLADO
Authors: Reis Marco Aurelio
Published: November 2016

Após meio século do golpe militar no Brasil, obra do jornalista e escritor Antonio Callado surge como importante elemento de reconstrução do período de censura a jornais. Três romances do autor (Quarup, Bar Don Juan e Reflexos do Baile), escritos após1964, aparecem como elementos reflexivos sobre resistência armada ao golpe e também como obras de militância intelectual em prol da democracia. A proposta é reabrir o debate em torno dos três romances, convidando para uma releitura crítica deles nesse novo momento histórico em que a memória da ditadura tem o relevante papel de impedir a repetição daqueles tristes episódios
CARTA MAIOR E VEJA: SILENCIAMENTO NO CASO CHARLIE HEBDO
Authors: Gasparovic Marilia Manfredi
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho objetiva, à luz da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, identificar as formações discursivas mobilizadas nos discursos das revistas Veja e Carta Maior, por meio de duas colunas opinativas, em relação ao atentado contra o periódico satírico francês Charlie Hebdo, ocorrido no início de 2015, bem como os efeitos de sentidos gerados por elas. Ao todo, são analisadas seis sequências discursivas, sendo três de cada uma das colunas. Para tanto, são mobilizados os conceitos de Formação Discursiva e Silenciamento, com base nos estudos de autores como Pêcheux (2009; 2010; 2011) e Orlandi (2007; 2010; 2011). Além disso, são tecidas considerações sobre o funcionamento do discurso jornalístico, a partir dos estudos de Mariani (1998) e Gregolin (1995; 1997), em especial no que tange à imagem de autoridade passada pela mídia. O ataque à revista francesa teve repercussão mundial por incitar ainda mais o debate sobre assuntos historicamente polêmicos: religião, liberdade de imprensa e imigração. As revistas Veja e Carta Maior, por se inscreverem em formações discursivas distintas, não apontaram as mesmas causas para o atentado. Nesse sentido, o trabalho se faz relevante por buscar compreender como se deu a construção discursiva no que tange às causas do ataque, em dois veículos de comunicação com posições ideológicas distintas, e dar abertura a novas discussões sobre a temática.
A ARTE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UMA REFLEXÃO A PARTIR DOS DOCUMENTOS OFICIAIS RCNEI; DCNEI E BNCC
Authors: Gabre Solange De Fátima
Published: November 2016

O presente texto busca refletir sobre a arte no contexto da educação infantil, presente nos documentos nacionais oficiais: Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil (RCNEI, 1998), Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil (DCNEI, 2009) e Base Nacional Curricular Comum (BNCC, 2016, segunda versão). A opção foi a de evidenciar os avanços no que diz respeito ao ensino e aprendizagem da arte para e com a pequena infância, considerando o conceito de criança na contemporaneidade, em diálogo com autores que referenciam esses campos.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA ÉTICA E ESTÉTICA
Authors: Silva Carla Clauber da , Pillotto Sílvia Sell Duarte
Published: November 2016

O artigo Formação de professores: uma experiência ética e estética é uma investigação que se desenvolve desde 2015 em um grupo de estudos com professores de Educação Infantil da Rede Municipal de Joinville (SC), pelo Programa de Extensão Arte na Escola, polo da Casa da Cultura Fausto Rocha Jr., unidade da Fundação Cultural de Joinville. O grupo se reúne quinzenalmente para pensar sua própria formação, voltada para a reflexão da arte como possibilidade de existência ética e estética. No presente artigo nosso compromisso central é refletir sobre a formação de professores e socializar algumas estratégias metodológicas, que se tornam potentes no processo de formação, especialmente aquelas conectadas a uma ética e estética da existência. Nesta pesquisa de cunho cartográfico dialogamos com autores que refletem sobre as práticas do cuidado de si, nos cadernos de artista e com a escrita de si que nos inspiraram a exercermos uma prática poética, potencializando a autoria e a vontade de criar e se reinventar na formação. Entre eles destacamos: Corazza (2001; 2004), Deleuze (1990; 2003), Deleuze e Guattari (1992), Deleuze e Parnet (1998; 2004), Foucault (1992; 1994; 2004), Imbernón (2010), Larrosa (1994; 2001; 2002; 2004), Kastrup (2015), Kastrup e Passos (2013; 2014), Masschelein e Simons (2015), Silveira (2001), Suzuki (2014) e Valde (2015). Em nossa escrita o caderno de artista ganha importante espaço, sobretudo porque oportuniza ao professor refletir sobre sua caminhada, reinventando suas práticas pedagógicas e, acima de tudo, desvelando o sujeito autônomo e sensível, que trilha o limiar da dimensão ética e estética.
O CONVÊNIO DO PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL ARTE NA ESCOLA: POLO FURB E SUA ATUAÇÃO NA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL DE INDAIAL
Authors: Braga Maria Luiza de Assumpção , Krieck Sueli Lucia Remane
Published: November 2016

Este artigo aborda fatores que contribuem para o desempenho das instituições do ensino básico de forma breve e com ênfase na formação continuada ofertada na rede municipal de Indaial/SC através do convênio com o Programa Institucional Arte na Escola / PIAE – Polo FURB para professores da educação infantil e ensino fundamental. Descreve em especial o caminho percorrido por esses profissionais diante do desafio de serem repassadores nas instituições em que trabalham e compartilharem suas experiências durante os seminários de relatos de experiências em arte. Considerados elementos centrais para o aperfeiçoamento e inovação, são apresentados resultados das experiências que envolveram o exercício da avaliação dos encontros e registro das práticas durante o percurso formativo.
WINDII observations of thermospheric O(1D) nightglow emission rates, temperature, and wind: 1. The northern hemisphere midnight temperature maximum and the wave 4
Authors: Shepherd M. G.
Published: November 2016

The midnight temperature maximum (MTM) is a large‐scale neutral temperature anomaly with a wide‐ranging effect on the nighttime thermospheric dynamics at low latitudes. The focus of the current study is an investigation of the extent of the MTM to northern midlatitudes (20°N–40°N), employing multiyear observations of O(1D) airglow volume emission rates (VERs), Doppler temperatures (DoT), and neutral winds over the altitude range of 190–300 km by the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) experiment on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. The MTM dependence on longitude, season, local time, and altitude was examined. Midnight maxima were observed both in the O(1D) VER and DoT with peaks at ~24 local time (LT) during winter solstice, 22 LT for fall equinox, and 2 LT for spring equinox. The peak in the DoTs was marked with strong southward meridional winds (e.g., ~100–150 m s−1). Latitude/longitude maps of the VER and DoT revealed wave 4 signatures most persistently seen around local midnight, with very little variation in phase, while the amplitude of the individual peaks varied with time. The observed perturbations in the O(1D) VER and temperature were out of phase with respect to longitude. Two of the peaks at ~100°E and 260°E–300°E were almost stationary, while the other two peaks varied in strength over the period of observation. A common feature was that one of the wave 4 peaks was always over the American sector; it was constant with local time, and the meridional wind was southward only over the same region.
Effects of auroral potential drops on plasma sheet dynamics
Authors: Xi Sheng , Lotko William , Zhang Binzheng , Wiltberger Michael , Lyon John
Published: November 2016

The reaction of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system to dynamic auroral potential drops is investigated using the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry global model including, for the first time in a global simulation, the dissipative load of field‐aligned potential drops in the low‐altitude boundary condition. This extra load reduces the field‐aligned current (j||) supplied by nightside reconnection dynamos. The system adapts by forcing the nightside X line closer to Earth, with a corresponding reduction in current lensing (j||/B = constant) at the ionosphere and additional contraction of the plasma sheet during substorm recovery and steady magnetospheric convection. For steady and moderate solar wind driving and with constant ionospheric conductance, the cross polar cap potential and hemispheric field‐aligned current are lower by approximately the ratio of the peak field‐aligned potential drop to the cross polar cap potential (10–15%) when potential drops are included. Hemispheric ionospheric Joule dissipation is less by 8%, while the area‐integrated, average work done on the fluid by the reconnecting magnetotail field increases by 50% within |y| < 8 RE. Effects on the nightside plasma sheet include (1) an average X line 4 RE closer to Earth; (2) a 12% higher mean reconnection rate; and (3) dawn‐dusk asymmetry in reconnection with a 17% higher rate in the premidnight sector.
Forces driving fast flow channels, dipolarizations, and turbulence in the magnetotail
Authors: El‐Alaoui Mostafa , Richard Robert L. , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Walker Raymond J.
Published: November 2016

Fast flow channels are a major contributor to earthward transport in the magnetotail. Fast flow channels originate at reconnection sites in the magnetotail and terminate with dipolarizations, earthward moving regions of enhanced magnetic field. We have used a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of magnetotail dynamics during a substorm on 7 February 2009 to investigate the stresses in the plasma sheet. In particular, we present an analysis of forces in and around flow channels and dipolarizations. Earthward of the dipolarization magnetic and thermal pressure forces are nearly in equilibrium. Tailward of the dipolarization the pattern of stresses is complex, but several general features are evident. In the earthward flow channel the magnetic tension force dominates. In the dipolarization a tailward magnetic force is partially balanced by the earthward pressure force. The stresses in azimuth (y) are variable. In some places they cause the flow stream to meander, while in others they cause the stream to become wider or narrower. A major consequence of fast earthward flow channels is that they drive large‐scale vortices that initiate turbulence.
Comment on “Younger Dryas sea level and meltwater pulse 1B recorded in Barbados reefal crest coral Acropora palmata” by N. A. Abdul et al.
Authors: Bard Edouard , Hamelin Bruno , Deschamps Pierre , Camoin Gilbert
Published: November 2016

Based on new U‐Th ages of corals drilled offshore Barbados, Abdul et al. (2016) have confirmed the existence of the abrupt stratigraphic feature called meltwater pulse 1B (MWP‐1B), which they interpret as being due to a very large and global sea level step change dated at about 11.3 kyr before present (approximately 15 m and equivalent to twice the amount of water stored in the present Greenland ice sheet). This contrasts with the Tahiti record, in which MWP‐1B is essentially absent or very small, as Carlson and Clark (2012) and Lambeck et al. (2014) also conclude in their recent reviews of deglacial sea levels at the global scale. However, the evidence provided by Abdul et al. and their main conclusions are not convincing as they are affected by the following three main problems, which may explain the apparent discrepancies: Problem #1/Barbados is located in a subduction zone, which was also active throughout the Late Glacial period. Furthermore, the Barbados cores studied by Abdul et al. were drilled on both sides of the extension of a tectonic feature identified at the southern tip of Barbados (South Point) as underlined by several studies of the Barbados stratigraphy. Problem #2/Fossil samples of Acropora palmata may not be reliable sea level markers during rapid and large sea level rises. Indeed, the asexual reproduction strategy of this species may not be optimal to keep up when the water depth is increasing very rapidly. This may in part explain why the living depth of A. palmata at Barbados was significantly greater than 5 m during some periods of the last deglaciation, notably between 14.5 and 14 kyr B.P. and possibly between 14 and 11.5 kyr B.P. Problem #3/The slow glacio‐isostatic adjustment and the rapid responses due to gravitational changes of ice and water masses complicate the interpretation of individual relative sea level (RSL) records at specific locations. Therefore, the Barbados and Tahiti record cannot be compared directly in terms of absolute sea level values as done by Abdul et al. In addition, different glaciohydroisostatic adjustments at the two sites may also have contributed to the observed discrepancy between their deglacial RSL records.
Structural organization and tooth development in a Homo aff. erectus juvenile mandible from the Early Pleistocene site of Garba IV at Melka Kunture, Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Zanolli Clément , Dean M. Christopher , Assefa Yared , Bayle Priscilla , Braga José , Condemi Silvana , Endalamaw Metasebia , Engda Redae Blade , Macchiarelli Roberto
Published: November 2016

Objectives

The immature partial mandible GAR IVE from the c. 1.7 Ma old Garba IV site at Melka Kunture (Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia), the earliest human representative from a mountain‐like environment, represents one of the oldest early Homo specimens bearing a mixed dentition. Following its first description (Condemi, ), we extended the analytical and comparative record of this specimen by providing unreported details about its inner morphology, tooth maturational pattern and age at death, crown size, and tooth tissue proportions.

Materials and Methods

The new body of quantitative structural information and virtual imaging derives from a medical CT record performed in 2013.

Results

Compared to the extant human condition and to some fossil representatives of comparable individual age, the GAR IVE mandible reveals absolutely and relatively thick cortical bone. Crown size of the permanent lateral incisor and the canine fit the estimates of H. erectus s.l., while the dm2 and the M1 more closely approach those of H. habilis‐rudolfensis. Molar crown pulp volumes are lower than reported in other fossil specimens and in extant humans. The mineralization sequence of the permanent tooth elements is represented four times in our reference sample of extant immature individuals (N = 795).

Conclusions

The tooth developmental pattern displayed by the immature individual from Garba IV falls within the range of variation of extant human populations and is also comparable with that of other very young early fossil hominins. Taken together, the evidence presented here for mandibular morphology and dental development suggest GAR IVE is a robust 2.5‐ to 3.5‐year old early Homo specimen.
Microstructure and melting behavior of a solution‐cast polylactide stereocomplex: Effect of annealing
Authors: Hu Xiaodan , Shao Jun , Zhou Dongdong , Li Gao , Ding Jianxun , Chen Xuesi
Published: November 2016

The effect of annealing on the microstructure and melting behavior of a solution‐cast polylactide (PLA) stereocomplex (sc) was systematically investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. A preorder state, an intermediate form between the amorphous and crystalline states, was found in the solution‐cast poly(l‐lactide)–poly(d‐lactide) blend. When the annealing temperature (Ta) was below 220 °C, a part of the preorder state directly formed thicker sc crystallites; these corresponded to the second melting peak, which appeared around 250 °C during the heating process. Although the rest melted and became the amorphous phase, it formed a thinner lamella under the restriction of the unmelted initial sc crystallites during annealing; the melting process of this lamella was parallel to that of the new melting peak, which appeared around 220 °C. The melting of the initial crystal formed as the solvent volatilized corresponded to the range of the first melting temperature around 230 °C. When Ta was above 220 °C, the preorder state melted completely, and the initial crystal experienced perfection process. Furthermore, the highest melting temperature of PLA sc (254.1 °C, with a fusion enthalpy of 125.5 J/g) was obtained when Ta was 235 °C. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44626.
The role of the school climate in high school students’ mental health and identity formation: A South Australian study
Authors: Riekie Helen , Aldridge Jill M. , Afari Ernest
Published: November 2016

The well‐documented increase in student mental health issues in Australia and growing recognition of the need for education to play a part in students’ identity formation prompted this study. The research reported in this article sought to identify specific elements of the school climate that were likely to influence the interplay of adolescent health and development and students’ identity formation. The aim was two‐fold. First, the study examined the relationships between students’ perceptions of the school climate and self‐reports of wellbeing, resilience and moral identity; and, second, the interrelationships between the three outcome variables were explored. Two surveys, one to assess students’ perceptions of features of the school climate, and another to assess students’ wellbeing, resilience and moral identity, were administered to 618 Year 11 students from 15 independent schools in South Australia. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate hypothesised relationships between students’ perceptions of their school climate and self‐reports of wellbeing, resilience and moral identity. Our results indicated statistically significant and positive relationships between school‐climate factors and each of the three outcome variables. Further, indirect relationships (mediated largely by resilience) were found between school‐climate factors and students’ wellbeing. Our findings could be used to guide schools in building tangible, purposeful environments that engender well‐balanced, positive, resilient citizens with strong moral identities.
Efficacy and safety of darbepoetin alfa initiated at hemoglobin ≤10 g/dL in patients with stage IV cancer and chemotherapy‐induced anemia
Authors: Boccia Ralph V. , Henry David H. , Belton Laura , Bohac Chet , Ghazal Hassan H.
Published: November 2016

Data on efficacy and safety of darbepoetin alfa (DA) administered at hemoglobin (Hb) ≤10 g/dL are limited. In this analysis, we examined DA's efficacy and safety in patients with Stage IV cancers and chemotherapy‐induced anemia (CIA) initiated on DA at Hb ≤10 g/dL. Data for patients with Stage IV cancers and CIA and who initiated DA at Hb ≤10 g/dL were extracted from three phase 3 trials identified in a central database of Amgen‐sponsored DA studies in CIA. Efficacy outcomes were assessed by achievement of Hb increases of ≥1 g/dL and ≥2 g/dL and red blood cell (RBC) or whole blood transfusion requirements. Data were analyzed for all patients with baseline Hb ≤10 g/dL, and by the subgroups of patients with baseline Hb ≥9 to ≤10 g/dL versus <9 g/dL. Crude and Kaplan–Meier proportions of patients who experienced each outcome and time (days) to each outcome were summarized by treatment. Meta‐analysis (fixed‐effects inverse‐variance model) was performed to compare outcomes for DA versus placebo. Safety was assessed by occurrence of adverse events. Data from 213 patients were analyzed: DA, n = 115; placebo, n = 98. More patients in the DA versus the placebo subgroup achieved Hb increase of ≥1 g/dL (72% vs. 36%; HR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.95, 4.39) and ≥2 g/dL (44% vs. 18%; HR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.71, 5.21) during the first 12 treatment weeks. Median times to Hb increase of ≥1 g/dL and ≥2 g/dL were 36 days and 78 days for DA, respectively. RBC or whole blood transfusions were less common in patients in the DA versus the placebo subgroup (24% vs. 45%; HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.73). No new safety issues were reported. Our results confirm that DA use in patients with Stage IV cancer and CIA is more effective than placebo at increasing Hb levels and at reducing transfusion needs when DA treatment is initiated at Hb ≤10 g/dL.
‘There are two clocks in here and they are not in sync’: Counsellors' and clients' struggles with online pornography
Authors: Murray Fiona
Published: November 2016

At the start of the session, T stares intently at the clock on the wall before casting his gaze to the little alarm clock on the table between us. He looks at me and says, ‘there are two clocks in here and they are not in sync’. T was right about the stuttering clocks but there was something in the way he looked at me, something honest and sad, that made me think he was talking not about the clocks, but us.

Background

This piece offers a window into the dialogic and ethical nature of the counselling relationship in relation to online pornography. Tim has come for counselling due to his relationship breaking down over his usage of online pornography, but the counsellor's own relationship is also troubled by the same phenomenon. The affect created by this dynamic is at times intense.

Discussion

This practice exploration surfaces the therapeutic and emotional conflicts that confront a feminist female counsellor who is seeing a male client who considers himself a pornography addict and highlights the therapist's struggle to find her position between different feminist perspectives on pornography. It asks how a feminist perspective can be lived authentically within the counselling room.

Methodology

This autoethnographic work allows access through the personal and particular to the wider political and cultural life of online pornography. It asks that we stay with the uncertainty that is part of our work in the counselling room and therefore is equally as integral to our research methods.
Babies on backs to sleep, but in same room as parents: AAP
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2016

Parents have known for many years about putting their infants to sleep on their backs as a way to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) first issued this recommendation in 1995 as part of its “Back to Sleep” campaign, and between 1990 and 2013, SIDS deaths declined from 130 to 40 per 100,000 per year. SIDS is defined as death of a baby 12 months or younger during sleep, with no reason or warning signs. The AAP has also long warned against the dangers of “co‐sleeping,” mainly due to fears of the baby being crushed or suffocated.
The birth and rise of a craniopharyngioma: the radiological evolution of an incidental craniopharyngioma detected on serial MRI during medical treatment of a macroprolactinoma
Authors: Mariotti Stefano , Losa Marco , Mortini Pietro , Saba Luca
Published: November 2016

Key Clinical Message

This case demonstrates the rare coexistence of a prolactinoma with craniopharyngioma and documents its radiological growth. This case suggests that patients with pituitary neoplasms should be followed closely and although prolactinomas can often be managed medically, a coexistent other lesion may require surgery for histological assessment and to reduce mass effect.
ChemInform Abstract: AlFe2‐xCoB2 (x = 0—0.30): TC Tuning Through Co Substitution for a Promising Magnetocaloric Material Realized by Spark Plasma Sintering.
Authors: Hirt Sarah , Yuan Fang , Mozharivskyj Yurij , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: November 2016

The title compounds are prepared from the elements by arc melting, using Al flux (1673 K, 18 h), and by spark plasma sintering (893 K for 15 min and 1183 K for 20 min).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Congruent‐Melting Double Phosphate PbCd(PO3)4 with Photocatalytic Activity.
Authors: Zhou Molin , Jiang Xingxing , Xia Mingjun , Huang Hongwei , Lin Zheshuai , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: November 2016

The title compound is prepared by calcination of stoichiometric amounts of PbO, CdO, and NH4H2PO4 with intermittent grinding (Pt crucible, 773 K, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Metastable Co4N, Co3N, Co2N, and CoO0.74N0.24 from a Single Azide Precursor and Intermediates in CoBr2 Ammonolysis.
Authors: Widenmeyer Marc , Shlyk Larysa , Becker Nils , Dronskowski Richard , Meissner Elke , Niewa Rainer
Published: November 2016

The title nitrides and oxide nitride are prepared by ammonolysis of [Co(NH3)5N3]Cl2 in high purity by controlled variation of the reaction conditions (temperature, duration, gas atmosphere, and flow rate).
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Deficient Copper Pnictides: A2Mg3Cu9Pn7 (A: Sr, Eu; Pn: P, As) and Eu5Mg2.39Cu16.61As12.
Authors: Zhu Min , Tao Xu‐Tang , Xia Sheng‐Qing
Published: November 2016

The title pnictides are prepared by high temperature reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements in a Pb flux (Al2O3 crucible in evacuated silica tubes, 1173 K, 24 h; cooling to 773 K at a rate of 5 K/h and subsequent Pb removal by centrifugation).
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Systems with Flavinium Salts: From Photolyase Models to Synthetic Tool for Cyclobutane Ring Opening.
Authors: Hartman Tomas , Cibulka Radek
Published: November 2016

Two new photocatalytic systems based on flavinium species formed in situ by protonation of riboflavin‐tetraacetate or prepared in advance via alloxazine quaternization are used as tools for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Difluoromethylation of Alcohols with an Electrophilic Difluoromethylated Sulfonium Ylide.
Authors: Zhu Jiansheng , Liu Yafei , Shen Qilong
Published: November 2016

A broad range of primary aliphatic and benzylic, secondary and even tertiary alcohols which may contain diverse functional groups is transformed according to the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Amalgam Mediated Desulfonylative Reduction of α‐Functionalized β‐Ketosulfones.
Authors: Chan Chieh‐Kai , Huang Yi‐Hsuan , Chang Meng‐Yang
Published: November 2016

The one‐pot synthesis of secondary benzylic alcohols proceeds via radical desulfonylation of β‐ketosulfones and sequential Bouveault—Blanc reduction of the resulting ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Allenamides.
Authors: Zheng Wei‐Feng , Bora Pranjal Protim , Sun Gui‐Jun , Kang Qiang
Published: November 2016

The title reaction affords the intermolecular trans head‐to‐head cycloadducts (II) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Synthesis of Carbamates Using CO2 as Carbon Source.
Authors: Riemer Daniel , Hirapara Pradipbhai , Das Shoubhik
Published: November 2016

A protocol is presented for the highly effective and chemoselective synthesis of carbamates from amines and carbon dioxide proceeding at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Engaging Allene‐Derived Zwitterions in an Unprecedented Mode of Asymmetric [3 + 2]‐Annulation Reaction.
Authors: Sankar Muthukumar G. , Garcia‐Castro Miguel , Golz Christopher , Strohmann Carsten , Kumar Kamal
Published: November 2016

The addition of a chiral spiro phosphine catalyst to an α‐substituted allene ester generates a zwitterionic dipole, which can engage isatine‐derived N‐Boc‐ketimines in a novel mode of [3 + 2] annulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth(III) Triflate‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclizations Towards Complex Polycyclic Ethers.
Authors: Ondet Pierrick , Lempenauer Luisa , Dunach Elisabet , Lemiere Gilles
Published: November 2016

Under bismuth(III) triflate catalysis, α‐hydroxy enol ethers with a tethered olefinic double bond undergo a double cyclization forming bridged polycyclic compounds with an additional oxaspirocycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Dearomatization of Indole Acetamides with 3‐Indolylphenyliodonium Salts.
Authors: Liu Chuan , Yi Ji‐Cheng , Liang Xiao‐Wei , Xu Ren‐Qi , Dai Li‐Xin , You Shu‐Li
Published: November 2016

An intermolecular, asymmetric cascade dearomatization reaction of indole acetamides with 3‐indolylphenyliodonium salts is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Intramolecular Addition of C—N and S—N Bonds to Alkynes Catalyzed by Palladium: A Practical Access to Two Distinct Functional Indoles.
Authors: Wu Chenglin , Zhao Fei , Du Yonglei , Zhao Liang , Chen Liang , Wang Jiang , Liu Hong
Published: November 2016

Two distinct series of functional indoles are prepared by the title addition from the same set of substrates in a catalyst‐controlled manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Chiral Tri‐ and Tetra‐Arylmethanes Bearing Quaternary Carbon Centers: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Propargylation of Indoles with Propargylic Esters.
Authors: Tsuchida Kouhei , Senda Yasushi , Nakajima Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: November 2016

A novel enantioselective copper‐catalyzed propargylation of N‐heterocycles is established.
ChemInform Abstract: Economical and Scalable Synthesis of 6‐Amino‐2‐cyanobenzothiazole.
Authors: Hauser Jacob R. , Beard Hester A. , Bayana Mary E. , Jolley Katherine E. , Warriner Stuart L. , Bon Robin S.
Published: November 2016

The reaction sequence can be performed on a multigram scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Tetrahydrocurcumin in Multi‐Component Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Ajavakom Vachiraporn , Yutthaseri Thatsawan , Ajavakom Anawat
Published: November 2016

The title compounds are prepared by Hantzsch reaction of tetrahydrocurcumin, benzaldehydes, and ammonium acetate in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Seven‐Membered C=N‐Containing Heterocycles and Rationalization of the Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Balakrishna Bugga , Bauza Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Vidal‐Ferran Anton
Published: November 2016

The enantioselectivity of the title reaction is rationalized by extensive DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Splitting as a Tool for Obtaining Insight into Metal—Support Interactions in Catalysis
Authors: Bion Nicolas , Duprez Daniel
Published: November 2016

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering High Permeability: Mn‐Zn and Ni‐Zn Ferrites
Authors: Kumar Surender , Shinde Tukaram , Vasambekar Pramod
Published: November 2016

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymeric Complexes ‐ LXII. Coordination Chemistry of Supramolecular Schiff Base Polymer Complexes ‐ A Review
Authors: El‐Bindary A. A. , El‐Sonbati A. Z. , Diab M. A. , Ghoneim M. M. , Serag L. S.
Published: November 2016

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Gold Catalysis and Understanding the Catalytic Mechanism
Authors: Ishida Tamao , Koga Hiroaki , Okumura Mitsutaka , Haruta Masatake
Published: November 2016

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Transformations Using Cu‐H, Cu‐B, and Cu‐Si as Active Catalyst Species
Authors: Tsuji Yasushi , Fujihara Tetsuaki
Published: November 2016

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalytic Borylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Acceptors
Authors: Lee Sumin , Yun Jaesook
Published: November 2016

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Carboalumination of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Xu Shiqing , Negishi Ei‐ichi
Published: November 2016

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Partial Oxidation Catalysis on Metal Oxides
Authors: Vedrine Jacques C. , Fechete Ioana
Published: November 2016

Review: overview of heterogeneous selective ammoxidation and oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes, particularly of ethane; 359 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polypeptide Self‐Assemblies: Nanostructures and Bioapplications
Authors: Cai Chunhua , Lin Jiaping , Lu Yingqing , Zhang Qian , Wang Liquan
Published: November 2016

Review: 251 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Transition Metal Catalyzed Etherification Reactions
Authors: Keerthi Krishnan K. , Ujwaldev Sankuviruthiyil M. , Sindhu Kallikkakam S. , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: November 2016

Review: [79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches Toward the Benzo[a]quinolizidine System. A Review
Authors: Pashev Aleksandar S. , Burdzhiev Nikola T. , Stanoeva Elena R.
Published: November 2016

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis Reactions On‐Water at the Organic—Liquid Water Interface
Authors: Butler Richard N. , Coyne Anthony G.
Published: November 2016

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress on the Discovery of Antiamoebic Agents
Authors: Hayat Faisal , Azam Amir , Shin Dongyun
Published: November 2016

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Porous Materials for H2 and CH4 Storage
Authors: Liu Jia , Zou Ruqiang , Zhao Yanli
Published: November 2016

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Capture of CO2 from Ambient Air
Authors: Sanz‐Perez Eloy S. , Murdock Christopher R. , Didas Stephanie A. , Jones Christopher W.
Published: November 2016

Review: 259 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Aggregates as Sensory Ensembles
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Zhao , Tao Dan‐Dan , Zhang Qian , Zhang Peng , Guo Dai‐Ping , Jiang Yun‐Bao
Published: November 2016

Review: 49 refs.
Therapeutic Application of Monoclonal Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Orthmann‐Murphy JL , Calabresi PA
Published: November 2016

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). People with MS typically have a relapsing remitting disease course, with episodic neurological dysfunction corresponding to inflammation in the brain or spinal cord. Some relapsing patients develop a secondary progressive disease course, with accumulation of disability over time, yet other people with MS only experience a primary progressive course. Over the past 20 years, 14 immunomodulatory therapies have been approved in MS in order to reduce the frequency of inflammatory relapses and prevent CNS damage. Of the available types of therapies, the monoclonal antibodies are generally the most effective at dampening MS disease activity. In this review we will discuss the development of effective monoclonal antibody therapies coinciding with a better understanding of the complex immunopathogenesis of MS, both successes and failures, as well as targets for future development that address the mechanisms underlying progressive disease.