bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Café Atmosphere on Generation Y (Millennials) Purchase Decisions on Oase Cafe
Authors: Masniadi Rudi
Published: February 2022

Aims: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of cafe ambiance (outside, general interior, interior display, and store layout) on generation Y (Millennials) purchasing decisions at OASE Café.

Study Design: Using quantitative approaches, this form of research is causative.

Place and Duration of Study: Sumbawa Region at OASE Bakery & Lounge Café, November 2021-December 2021

Methodology: Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to analyze the data in this study. The data used are primary data acquired from the field through interviews and questionnaires given to respondents who have made purchases and consumed products at OASE Bakery & Lounge Café. This study also makes use of secondary data to supplement primary data, which is supposed to be in the form of company profile data. Data was collected through distributing questionnaires to respondents, assessing data using a Likert scale with four points, and employing documentation procedures to obtain data from multiple sources. Non-probability sampling is utilized in the data collection process. Purposive sampling was employed in conjunction with convenience sampling. There were 100 samples used.

Results: The findings revealed that the exterior had no and no significant effect on purchasing decisions, while general interiors had a significant and positive effect, interior displays had a significant effect on purchasing decisions, and store layout had a significant effect on purchasing decisions.

Conclusion: From the analysis of research results on the variables that influence purchasing decisions at OASE Café, the following conclusions are based on the results of calculations that have been done exterior, variables do not affect purchasing decisions, meanwhile the other variable affected purchasing decisions.
Assessment of Grain Extract Media on Mycelial Growth of Pleurotus spp. (P. Sapidus and P. Flabellatus)
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Singh Gopal , Singh Ramji , Kumar Popin , Shankar Bhatt Siddharth
Published: February 2022

The aim of present investigation pertains to study the impact of different culture media on the mycelial growth and dry weight of Pleurotus spp. Grains generally contains high nutritional content thereby decreases the harvesting period of mycelium and enhances dry weight. The study was conducted at Mushroom Laboratory Department Plant Pathology, S. V. P. University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, UP, India. Different crop grains were used as source of nutrition for fungus and added in PDA (media) in separate amount. Experiment was conducted in seven treatments with four replications. All the extracts observed varied mycelial growth of Pleurotus spp. After nine days maximum radial growth (90.00 mm) in both species (P. sapidus and P. flabellatus) was observed in barley extract media. The maximum growth rate (10.00 mm/day) of mycelium in P. sapidus and P. flabellatus was recorded in barley extract agar. Maximum dry mycelium weight (7.98 mg/100 ml & 8.35 mg/100 ml) of P. sapidus and P. flabellatus was observed in barley extract broth, respectively.
Psychological Barriers of Vietnam High School Students in Online Learning Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Ngo Thanh-Thuy , Nguyen Xuan-An , Nguyen Hong-Lien , Thi Hien Nguyen , Mai Mai Thi , Nguyen Thi-Thuong-Thuong
Published: February 2022

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has strongly influenced on education system in Vietnam. Schools' closure was one solution to prevent the spread of the virus that has forced these institutions to transition from traditional learning methods to online learning methods. This circumstance has brought many difficulties for high school students who have not been familiar with online learning methods before. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify some psychological barriers in online learning of Vietnam high school students. On the other hand, the study also found the relationship between these barriers. The differences in gender, areas, feelings and learning outcomes were determined in all three psychological barriers.  Data were collected online from high school students. The intent was to get about 310 responses, and 309 returned usable responses. Several analytical methods used to analyze the data include the descriptive statistical analysis method, the Spearman correlation analysis, and the one-way ANOVA. The results provided information on some psychological barriers with their correlation. The significant relationship among three psychological barriers: social interaction, technical skills, and learner motivation attributed the difficulties to Vietnam high school students in online learning, especially in the Covid-19 pandemic context. The differences in gender, areas, feelings and learning outcomes were considered the related factors in the online learning environment.  These findings could support further studies for researchers, education administrators, teachers, and related stakeholders such as parents, enterprises, and the community to propose solutions to issues affecting the high school students' learning effectiveness and outcomes.
Response of Juvenile Clarias gariepinus to Varying Dietary Levels of Ionotropic Gelated Chitosan Nanoparticles Synthesized from Wasted Crab Shells
Authors: Udo I. U. , Umoren S. K. , Umanah S. I.
Published: February 2022

Background: Crab shells lie wasted globally after the extraction of the edible soft tissues. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) derived from these shells have the potentials to revolutionized aquaculture.

Aims: Evaluated the effects of CNPs on water quality parameters, growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).

Study Design:  The experimental diets were incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles at the rate of 0, 2.5 5.0 and 7.5 g kg-1 representing Treatments CNP00, CNP2.5, CNP5.0 and CNP7.5 respectively and replicated thrice.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environmental Management, University of Uyo, Uyo – Nigeria from August to November 2021.

Methodology: We synthesized CNPs by ionic gelation method. Dried flour of FM, SBM, Wheat bran and yellow maize meal were analyzed for proximate composition used in the formulation of experimental diets. These were milled at 2 mm pellets, CNPs were dissolved in 0.3 liters of water and sprayed on the pellets. These were stored at 10% moisture content, in black polythene bags. Diets were fed to two hundred and sixteen fingerlings of African catfish (C. gariepinus) with mean body weight 23.86±3.11. Growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate parameters were calculated and statistically compared.

Results: Ammonia was significantly (p<0.05) low in CNP7.5. The highest daily weight gain (6.98±0.81 g) was recorded in CNP7.5 while the lowest (1.02±0.01 g) was recorded in the control (CNP00). SGR, DWG, FCR, PER followed the same pattern. However, there was no difference in percentage survival rate.

Conclusion: Chitosan nanoparticles supplemented at the rate of 7.5 g k-1 diet can give a better water quality, growth performance and feed utilization of C. gariepinus juvenile. Incorporation of CNPs in diet of C. gariepinus at a concentration of 7.5 g kg-1 is recommended for more profitable and sustainable culture of this fish species.
COVID-19 and Its Effect on Psychological Wellbeing of Frontline Healthcare Workers: A Review
Authors: Lodh Partha , Ghosh Saileswar
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 has wrought havoc on people's and countries' economies, social structures, and mental health. On March 12, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) justifiably labelled the epidemic of COVID-19 as a worldwide pandemic. Global epidemics of communicable diseases have both micro- and macro-effects on the emotional maturity of healthcare workers (HCWs). HCWs experienced higher levels of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, despondency, and anxiety than non-healthcare workers during COVID-19 and previous global health catastrophes like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, and a significant percentage of HCWs who treated COVID-19 patients experienced depression, panic, sleeplessness, and discomfort. Burnout is common among physicians, according to recent research, and it has an impact on their health and that of their patients. These observations have sparked efforts to teach endurance to doctors, but they have been hampered by a scarcity of funds, improper policy making etc.
Socio- demographic Factors Influencing the Ownership and Utilization of Long Lasting Insecticide Nets among Endemic Sub-counties in Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Bwogo Pacifica Chepchumba , Mong’are Samuel , Masai Rael , Nyabayo Josephat , Ingonga Johnstone , Kimani Francis , Kamau Luna , Mwangi Milkah , Cirindi Josyline , Matoke Damaris
Published: February 2022

Aim: To access the socio-demographic factors which are influencing the ownership and utilization of Long Lasting Insecticidal nets (LLINs) among endemic Sub-Counties in Kisii County, Kenya.

Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Kisii County where study subjects were drawn from Bonchari, Kitutu Chache North and South Mugirango Sub-Counties between January to May 2021.

Methodology: Leading hospitals in the Sub-Counties with malaria cases without referrals were selected for the study. A total of 422 study participants who attended Kiaruta and Nyamagiri dispensaries, Eramba, Sieka, Moticho and Suguta health centers with signs of malaria were the targeted population. Structured and open ended questionnaires were used to collect data. Associations between variables were tested using Pearson’s chi-square test through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.

Results: From the total study participants, 68.69% were having LLINs. From the total number with LLINs, 33.18% had torn LLINs. 61.61% study participants were sleeping under the LLINs. Of the participants who were sleeping under LLINs, 46.92% had torn LLINs. Positive association was seen between ownership of LLINs and age (P = 0.008), ownership of LLINs and level of education (P = 0.011), ownership of LLINs and household membership (P < 0.001) and ownership of LLINs and location (P < 0.001), also there was a statistical significance between use of LLINs and age (P < .001), use of LLINs and level of education (P < .001), use of LLINs and gender (P = .024), use of LLINs and location (P = .002), and use of LLINs and the last year when each participant received LLINs (P < .001),

Conclusion: Despite coverage of LLINs being high its usage was low and this means that socio-demographic factor has shown to be having a great influence on the ownership and utilization of LLINs. Therefore regular training must be done on LLINs and malaria transmissions with the urge to reduce malaria incidences.
Pattern and Outcome of COVID -19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Centre during the Second Wave of the Pandemic in India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kumar Panigrahi Deepak , Bagai Sahil , Gandhi Kunal Raj , Prasad Pallavi , Kumar Sunil , Singh Kamakshi , Ahamad Tauseef , Singh Harleen , Prasad Vandana , Shrishail Nuchi Shivanand , Chhabra Gagan Deep , Grover Rahul , Khullar Dinesh
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is associated with an increased risk of complications than in the general population. The double mutant variant of the coronavirus was responsible for the deadly second wave of the pandemic in India. So, we conducted this retrospective case study to look for the pattern and outcome of the hospitalized KTR affected with COVID-19 in our tertiary care center during the second wave.

Study Design: This was single centre retrospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: COVID-19 affected KTR admitted to Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi during the second wave of the pandemic in the months of April and May 2021 were included in the study.

Materials and Methods: All the necessary data were taken from the computerised records. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the survivors and non-survivors were studied. The factors associated mortality were analysed.

Results: Out of the 16 participants, all were males. The mean age of the population was 52.50±14.39 years. Overall mortality was 31.3% (Five out of 16). The oxygen saturation at presentation, computed tomography severity scores (CTSS) and the level of inflammatory markers were significantly different between the groups (P<0.05). The ratio of absolute neutrophil count to absolute lymphocyte count (ANC/ALC) was significantly higher in the non-survivors. No difference was noted as far as vaccination status was concerned.

Conclusions: Covid-19 during the second wave was more infectious and virulent than during the first wave. Higher CT severity score on presentation, raised inflammatory markers and a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio should alert the clinician about the probable adverse outcome. Further large-scale multicentre studies are needed to accurately characterise the role of vaccines in the KTR population.
Effect of Different Post-emergence Herbicides Tank Mix with Atrazine on Nutrient uptake and Chlorophyll Content in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Mali G. R. , Verma A. , Malunjker Bharat D.
Published: February 2022

A field experiment was conducted on clay loam soil during kharif, 2017 at Instructional Agronomy Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur to find out the best chemical weed management practices in maize. The experiment comprising 13 treatment combinations i.e. weedy check, atrazine 0.5 Kg ha-1 PoE at 10 DAS, atrazine 0.5 Kg ha-1 PoE at 15 DAS, atrazine 0.5 Kg ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, atrazine  0.5 Kg ha-1  + halosulfuron  0.09 Kg ha-1 PoE at 10 DAS, atrazine  0.5 Kg ha-1  + halosulfuron  0.09 Kg ha-1 PoE at 15 DAS, atrazine  0.5 Kg ha-1  + halosulfuron  0.09 Kg ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, atrazine  0.5 Kg ha-1  + tembotrione  0.125 Kg ha-1 PoE at 10 DAS, atrazine  0.5 Kg ha-1  + tembotrione  0.125 Kg ha-1 PoE at 15 DAS, atrazine  0.5 Kg ha-1  + tembotrione  0.125 Kg ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, atrazine  0.5 Kg ha-1  + topramezone 0.025 Kg ha-1 PoE at 10 DAS, atrazine  0.5 Kg ha-1  + topramezone 0.025 Kg ha-1 PoE at 15 DAS, and atrazine  0.5 Kg ha-1  + topramezone 0.025 Kg ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS.These 13 treatment  were replicated thrice in randomized block design with the objectives to find out the effect of herbicides and their tank mix  application on nutrition in plant as well as weed and chlorophyll content of maize and their economics. The minimum NPK  uptake by weeds at harvest also was found under the treatment of atrazine  0.5 Kg ha-1+  tembotrione  0.125 Kg ha-1 PoE at 15 days after sowing. All the weed control treatments increased the chlorophyll content of maize over weedy check. The post-emergence application of atrazine 0.5 Kg ha-1  + tembotrione  0.125 Kg ha-1at 15 DAS  treatment resulted in maximum seed yield (5240 Kg ha-1) which was statistically at par with post-emergence application of atrazine 0.5 Kg ha-1  + tembotrione  0.125 Kg ha-1 at 20 DAS (4963 Kg ha-1).

The maximum uptake of total nitrogen (144.49 Kg ha-1) and phosphorus (34.99 Kg ha-1) by the crop was observed under application of atrazine 0.5 Kg ha-1  + tembotrione  0.125 Kg ha-1 PoE at 15 DAS, while  maximum uptake of potassium (130.42 Kg ha-1) recorded  in atrazine  0.5 Kg ha-1  + topramezone 0.025 Kg ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS which were significantly higher over all other herbicidal treatments.
Nutritional Composition, Microbial Load of Some Pre-packaged Snacks and Safety Compliance of Informal Foodservice Operators in Oyo State
Authors: Adedeji Funke, T. , A. Taiwo Kehinde, , O. Ilori Matthew,
Published: February 2022

Determination of the nutritional composition, microbial load, and observation of Food Health Inspector (FHI) on activities of the informal foodservice operators in some selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Oyo State with the view to ensure wholesome foods are sold within the study area. Proximate composition and microbial loads of some pre-packaged snacks bought from some informal foodservice operators were determined to confirm the compliance of the food with the recommended Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) values. Questionnaire was administered to elicit information from 26 Food Health Inspectors on the activities of the Informal Foodservice Operators (IFOs) in order to ensure wholesome foods were served. The pre-packaged foods analysed in this study showed that all the pre-packaged foods contained nutrients that is above the recommended SON value. Also, the microbial load of the pre-packaged foods after three days of incubation was lower than that of the recommended SON value. The response from the food health inspectors showed that the informal foodservice operators was not conforming with the safety methods of storage and preservation of the pre-packaged food. It can be concluded that, training of the informal foodservice operator is required to reduce incidence of food poisoning and ensure that wholesome foods are served in the study area. Also, strict sanction must be put in place for the informal foodservice operators who do not comply with set rules and regulations to ensure safe pre-packaged foods are sold in Oyo State.
Measurement of Free Hemoglobin Percentage in Stored Packed Red Blood Cells Units by Colorimetric Method
Authors: Alsmanie Shima Alaaldeen , Elsadig Ahmed Elhadi , Hamid Tarig A. M.
Published: February 2022

Aims: To measure free hemoglobin percentage in stored packed red blood cells units by colorimetric method.

Study Design: This is a descriptive, hospital based case study.

Place and Duration of Study: Khartoum central blood bank during the period from June to September 2021.

Methodology: A total of thirty-six packed red blood cells blood bags with Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose-Adenine-one (CPDA-1) stored at 2-6°C for 35 days were withdrawn aseptically on days one; 14, and day 35. Free hemoglobin concentration was measured with Drabkin's method through digital photoelectric colorimeter in which the percentage of hemolysis was calculated, and PH values were measured by a PH meter (ADWA). Mean and standard deviation of each day were calculated by statistical package for social science (SPSS) computer program version 22.0.

Results: The results showed statistically significant elevation in percentages of free plasma hemoglobin with prolongation of storage duration periods; day one compared with day 14 (P = 0.001), day one compared with day 35 (P = 0.001) and day 14 compared with day 35 (P = 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between the degree of hemolysis in day 35 with PH values (P = 0.9).

Conclusion: This study concluded that prolonged storage is associated with elevation of free plasma hemoglobin level indicative of progressive hemolysis.
Mucosal Brucella Infection in Human: A Case Study
Authors: Elshagmani Eltaher , Elturki Abdulfattah , Swaisi Yuossef , El Mahjoubi Ebrahim , Baayou Mohamed , Elfagieh Mohamed , S. Ben Salah Khaled
Published: February 2022

Brucellosis in human is an uncommon disease in Libya and usually diagnosed by serological assays. The clinical symptoms of this disease are none specific which makes differential diagnosis difficult.The patient was a sixteen years old girl, lives in a rural area. She was suffering from intermittent fever for several days associated with chills, mild cough, and headache. Comprehensive physical examination revealed the patient was generally unwell, pallor and, had abdominal tenderness. Laboratory investigations revealed that the patient had pancytopenia and a marked increase in C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase. Provisional diagnosis was acute leukemia or aplastic anemia. Slow growth of Gram-negative coccobacilli in aerobic blood culture was detected. It could not clearly be identified by phoenix bacterial identification system. It was provisionally misdiagnosed Haemophilus spp; while finally it was identified Brucella spp. Brucellosis may manifest in a delicate manner which makes its diagnosis very challenging. It has the ability to affect various systems in the body, displaying a confusion in differential diagnosis, and delay in medical care, thus raising the risk of complications. Unusual medical laboratory findings should not be overlooked as they could help in bringing up the right clinical diagnosis.
A Comparative Study on the Susceptibility of Chickpea Cultivars to the Insect Callosoprocus Chinensis L. and Callosobruchus analis F.
Authors: Rajesh . , Sau Ashok Kumar , Shakuntala . , Kumar Vijendra , Singh Satpal , Jha A. N.
Published: February 2022

Chickpea is important pulse crop of India and in terms of production it rank first in legumes. During storage, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is severely attacked by some bruchid species, especially Callosobruchus chinensis L. and C. analis F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), resulting in losses in quantity and quality. In the present study eight cultivars (BG-256, Pusa-372, BGD-72, Pusa-1088, Pusa-5023, Pusa-5028, Pusa-1103, BG-1108) of chickpea were selected and evaluated against C. chinensis and C. analis. The choice and no choice methods were adopted to evaluate oviposition, emergence, mean development period (MDP) and growth index (GI) of selected chickpea cultivars on two years produce. The results revealed that there are significant differences in biological parameters which recorded by choice and no choice methods among selected varieties. The difference in varietal suitability or unsuitability affects the bruchid growth and development. Also it was found that stored seeds are more suitable to one species than other species according to storage duration. One year old seeds were found more suitable than freshly harvested seeds in case of Callosobruchus analis, but in case of Callosobruchus chinensis except few varieties maximum freshly harvested seeds were found more susceptible. These varietal characteristics responsible for such a behavior may be used and incorporated in breeding programme to develop high yielding varieties which are also resistant to insect infestation during storage.
Performance of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) as Influenced by Different Planting Techniques and Nutrient Management Practices in Arid Western Rajasthan
Authors: Kumar Sheilendra , Kumawat S. M. , Poonia Tanuja , Choudhary Ashok , Kumawat Sanju , Kumar Pramod
Published: February 2022

The productivity of arid region is much lower and resource degradation is much faster comparatively other ecosystem due to aberrant climatic conditions and anthropogenic activities. Lower production in arid region is due to lower nutrient and water holding capacity of soil, erratic rainfall pattern and inappropriate crop management practices. Therefore, present study was conducted with six planting techniques and four nutrient management practices in split plot design and replicated thrice, to find outsuitable planting techniques and nutrient management practices and their influence on growth, productivity of pearl millet in arid western Rajasthan.Results of the study showed that pit planting technique treatment PT6 noted taller plant over rest of the treatments during 2018 and 2019. Among various planting techniques, pit technique realized significantly higher relative growth rate(RGR) as compared ridge planting (PT2 and PT3) and direct seed sowing (PT1) also. However, pit planting technique PT4 recorded highest RGR of 1.87 & 1.77 g g-1 day-1during 20 days after sowing/transplanting (DAS/DAT) to 40 DAS/DAT and 2.26 & 2.23 g g-1 day-1during 40 DAS/DAT to at harvest during 2018 and 2019, respectively, which registered significantly edge over rest all treatments of sowing/transplanting. Though ridge planting techniques PT2 and PT3, computed significantly highest crop growth rate (CGR) as compared to rest all planting treatments yet formerly both treatment remained statistically at par with each other.  Pearl millet planted by pit planting technique PT6 recorded highest grain yield during both the years. Moreover, growth parameters and grain yield also increased with increasing dose of nutrients fromnutrient management practice NMP1 to nutrient management practiceNMP3 over control (NMP0). Highest plant height, crop growth rate (g m-1 day-1) and relative growth rate (g g-1 day-1) at different intervals and grain yieldwere recorded maximum in nutrient management practice NMP3, while minimum values of all above parameters were observed in no fertilization control (NMP0) treatment during individual years of 2018 and 2019.
Current Review on Socio-Economic Traits of Mango Growers
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Meena N. R. , Doharey R. K. , Singh Vinita , Kumar Manoj
Published: February 2022

The current review was directed in Lucknow District of Uttar Pradesh. Malihabad and Bakshi Ka Talab were selected proportionally for the study. 120 ranchers were remembered for the example for the current examination. Results uncovers that greater part of respondents were found in larger part of the respondents (46.66 percent) were seen in the middle age classification of up to 40-60 years. Thus, most of the respondents (Farmers) fall in the class old enough gathering up to 40 - 60 years. That is majority of respondents found under the married Category 80.33 % followed by unmarried category 13.33 % and other specific 5.83 %. It revealed that the fact is majority of respondents 95.83 % belongs Joint family system. Along these lines, it is presumed that most of the respondents was found in classification of little family size. The average income was observed to Rs. 138,000 with a range of minimum Rs. 38000 and maximum Rs. 750,000. It is clear that larger part of the respondents 36.66 % were having support in multiple associations. That the vast majority of the respondents were found with medium (60%) level of logical direction followed by High 28.33 % degree and afterward finally Low (11.66 % level of logical direction. That is out of 16 variables studied. The Six variables are Attitude, Adoption, Social participation, Caste, Education; Extension contact has highly significant and positive correlation. Size of family and Age are two variables which is Highly Significant and negative correlation with knowledge. Type of Family, Risk orientation, Economic Motivation, Scientific orientation are non significant and the correlation is negative with Knowledge. Annual Income is single variable which correlated with Knowledge which is non significant and positive correlation with knowledge.
Conjoint Application of INM Modules on Vegetative, Flowering, and Seed Yield in French marigold
Authors: Rashid Assma , Laishram Nomita , Singh Arvinder , Pandey R. K. , Dogra Sheetal
Published: February 2022

The present investigation was carried out at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha, Jammu during 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and comprised of twenty-three treatments replicated thrice. Among the various treatments, maximum plant height (90.10 cm) and highest number of laterals (21.89) were recorded with treatment T7 comprising of 75 % RDF + Spent mushroom compost (1 kg/m2) + 1% foliar spray of MKP (00:52:34). Lesser number of days taken to 50% flowering (70.22 days), number of flowers/plant (86.78), maximum flower diameter (6.20g), weight of flower (5.78 g), flower yield per plant (500 g), seed yield/plant (105.91 g), 1000 seed weight (11.67g) was recorded with the treatment of 75 % RDF + Spent mushroom compost (1 kg/m2) + 1% foliar spray of MKP (T9). Maximum plant spread (68.44 cm) was recorded with treatment comprising of 75 % RDF + Spent mushroom compost (1 kg/m2) + Biofertilizers (T6). However, minimum electrical conductivity of seed leachate (0.688 µmhos/cm/g) was recorded with 25 % RDF + Spent mushroom compost (1 kg/m2) + Biofertilizers (T20). The effects of treatments on flowering duration (days) and shoot: root ratio was found to be non-significant.
Effect of Sowing Dates on Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties
Authors: Kumhare Alpana , Kumar Kailash , Jiotode D. J. , Thakur Satyendra
Published: February 2022

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2020-2021 at Agronomy farm, College of Agriculture, Nagpur to study the effect of sowing dates on yield attributes, yield and economics of linseed varieties. The treatment comprised of four sowing dates, i.e., 43rd meteorological week (22nd October - 28th October), 44th MW (29th October - 4th November), 45th MW (5th November - 11th November) and 46th MW (12th November - 18th November) in main plots and three varieties i.e., PKV-NL-260, PKV-NL-97 and JLS-73 in sub-plots, replicated three times in a split plot design. Sowing dates as well as varieties significantly affect yield attributes, yield and economics of linseed. The result of the experiment showed significantly higher number of capsule plant-1 (52.89), number of seed capsule-1 (8.11), seed yield (9.13 quintal/hectare), biological yield (25.45 q ha-1) and harvest index (35.87%), gross monetary return (Rs. 44688 ha-1) and net monetary return (Rs. 23436 ha-1) with benefit cost ratio (2.10) were recorded when crop sown during 44th MW. The variety PKV-NL-260 recorded significantly higher number of capsule plant-1 (48.08), number of seed capsule-1 (8.25), seed yield (8.85 q ha-1), biological yield (24.92 q ha-1) and harvest index (35.52%), gross monetary return (Rs. 43478 ha-1) and net monetary return (Rs. 22226 ha-1) with benefit cost ratio (2.04). The sowing date on 44th MW along with variety PKV-NL-260 was found significantly higher seed yield (9.95 q ha-1), gross monetary return (Rs. 48225 ha-1) and net monetary return (Rs. 26973 ha-1). Linseed crop sown during 44th MW along with variety PKV-NL-260 performed better than variety PKV-NL-97 and JLS-73.
Knowledge and Attitude of Farmers for Conducting Soil Analysis
Authors: Mali Ganga Ram , Khan Turfan , Pagaria Pradeep , Choudhary Haridyal , Jat Babu Lal
Published: February 2022

Judicious application of chemical fertilizers by farmers in crops is very essential to achieve maximum production and maximum profit. Soil testing is a comprehensive soil fertility evaluation programme, which helps the farmer’s to apply chemical fertilizers in a judicious way. The farmers should be able to know the exact quantity of nutrient to be applied for a particular crop based on soil test analysis. The majority of farmers have knowledge about soil testing practices. Majority of respondents were using the knowledge gained from scientists working in Krishi Vigyan Kendra and the experts of State Department. of Agriculture. Most of the respondents were in disagreement with the statements and mostly adaptors possessed unfavourable attitude towards soil testing practices. Majority of farmers agreed with the statement "Soil testing is necessary for better crop production". Efforts must be made by KVK and the Ministry of Agriculture. to encourage the farmers in adoption of soil testing practices by organising training programmes and campaigns.
Age Estimation using Mandibular Projective Ramus Height: A Retrospective Digita Orthopantomographic Study
Authors: Kizhakkoottu Suvarna , Arthanari Abirami
Published: February 2022

Background: Mandibular projective ramus height is one of the accurate parameters in age estimation.Estimation of age by mandibular ramusheight using various digital softwares is one of the newest approach in forensic dentistry. The aim of the present study is to derive a new linear regression formula for estimating age of south Indian population using mandibular projective ramus height.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included OPG samples n=260 from 5 age groups between 30 to 79.9 years. Measurement of mandibular projective ramus height was done using Planmeca Romexis Viewer software and tabulated and exported to SPSS software for linear regression analysis.

Results: Mean mandibular projective ramus height value of males (28.7) is higher compared to females (27.3) in all age groups and there is also a significant decrease in mandibular projective ramus height in both gender as the age advances. The gender specific and general linear regression formula derived for estimation of age in the South Indian population.

Conclusion: Even though the current linear regression formula for estimating age carries 65% accuracy, further research with adequate sample size should be carried out across the hospitals in Chennai for more significant and region specific results.
Knowledge and Awareness about Wound Infection after Surgery among Population in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Terro Khalil , Alatef Abdulaziz , Baeisa Razana Saleh , Albalawi Raghad Hamdan , Altidlawi Mohammed I. , Altowairqi Rahaf Yasser , Alanazi Tariq Bander F. , Alzahrani Khames
Published: February 2022

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) continue to be one of the most common post-operative consequences following surgery, it is an infection that develops in the incision made during a surgical operation is a significant cause of hospital morbidity, increasing ICU admission rates, hospital readmission, lengthening total hospital stay and tripling death rates. To assess knowledge and awareness about wound infection after surgery among population in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conduct in Saudi Arabia during July to December 2021, we distributed our questionnaire in Kingdome of Saudi Arabia, the participants involving general population adult living in Saudi (>15). The sample size was 3357 participants. The sample size was estimated using the Qualtrics calculator with a confidence level of 95%. Our inclusion criteria were Age,15 years old and older, residency in Saudi Arabia, Male and female, Saudi and non-Saudi, agree to participate. Analyzes was done by using the “Microsoft Office Excel Software” (2019) for Windows was used to enter data on the computer. The data was then statistically evaluated using the SPSS program, version 23.

Results: 63.8% of the participants were females. More than half of the respondents were younger than 25 years old. Most of the respondents (9.1%) had a university degree or higher education. Regards area of residence, 10.1% lived in Riyadh, 14.0% in Medina. The prevalence of SSI was 8.0%. There are 50.2% of respondents have reported that times being admitted to hospital were 5 or less, 53.9% have denied history of undergoing other previous surgeries. Also, 95.5% of respondents denied having a hospital acquired infection besides surgical site infection.

Conclusion: SSI is one of the commonest healthcare related infections which have a great impact on patient morbidity and mortality. The causes of SSIs are multi-factorial. The antimicrobial regimen isn’t much more effective than the persuasive strategy in controlling antimicrobial use in the long-term. Moreover, in many settings, there may be inadequate personnel for a restrictive approach and restriction strategies are unable to consider the appropriateness of use of non-restricted antibiotics, which forms the vast majority of antibiotics used in hospital.
Safety of Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir and Sofosbuvir/ Ribavirin in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Chang Adil Hassan , Bughio Ubedullah , Bhatti Rehmatullah , Jamali Laraib , Kadir Bushra , Memon Muhammad Sadik
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Sofosbuvir/ribavirin and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir regimes are approved by European Association for Study of Liver (EASL) for Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) infection in adolescents although none of the combinations is approved for age below twelve years.

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the use of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin and sofosbuvir/ribavirin in children and adolescents with CHC infection.

Methods: A single-centre, observational (off-label) study was performed. Patients with CHC and detectable HCVRNA, of either gender with age between three to seventeen years were included. Patients were given one of the two combinations; sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin for 12 weeks and sofosbuvir/ribavirin for 24 weeks, according to the body weight. The patients were followed precisely for side effects of treatment and sustained virological response after twelve week (SVR12).

Results: Fourteen patients were enrolled with mean age of 12.36 ± 5.43 years. Six (42.9%) were less than twelve years and eight (57.1%) were more than twelve years. Nine (64.28%) patients were given sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin and five (35.71%) patients were given sofosbuvir/ribavirin. All fourteen (100%) patients achieved SVR12. No side effect was observed and normal growth was evaluated.

Conclusion: The combination of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin showed high safety and efficacy in children and adolescents. Moreover, sofosbuvir/ribavirin combination also showed comparable safety and efficacy in age less than twelve years.
Review on Updates in Diagnosis and Management of Puerperal Sepsis
Authors: Morcy Hesham Mohamad Hamad , Alanazi Ashwaq Aziz , Alanazi Amaal Saeed
Published: February 2022

Puerperal sepsis caused 31% of pregnancy - related deaths in a retrospective study from Mbarara, Uganda, making it the most leading cause of maternal deaths mortality. The majority of postpartum infection research has taken place in high-resource countries, where risk factors such as inadequate cleanliness, poor socioeconomic position, prolonged labor, and these factors could differ in low- resources countries due to changes in the patient environment and healthcare system. The pathogenesis of puerperal sepsis is extremely complicated and poorly understood. as the pregnant woman acquire different adaptations on both scales, immunological and physiological which are intended to help the fetus develop, all these changes can hinder the mother's ability to defend against infection during pregnancy and the puerperium. Management of puerperal sepsis based on three main levels, the first is the prevention of sepsis using empirical antibiotics, the second one is for the management of the septic patient using resuscitation and source control, if the case continues to worse, admission to ICU is necessary where some measurements should be taken such as glycemic control, using oxygen, vasopressors and steroids.
Neuroprotective Effects of Lantana camara in BPA Induced-cognitive Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Rats
Authors: Neelam I. , Pal Abhisek
Published: February 2022

The present study was aimed to screen neuroprotective effects of lantana camara in BPA induced-cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats. In methodology animals were divided into 5 groups. Group I serve as vehicle control group and was administered with 2 ml of normal saline. Group II was administered with BPA 50 µg/kg for 21 days. Group III and IV served as drug treated group and pre treated for 1 week with methanolic extract of L.camara (250 and 500 mg/kg bw/day orally). Group V serve as standard drug treated group and treated with piracetam 200mg/kg i.p. after the completion of dosing, rats were subjected to various test to analyze their behaviour performance and later sacrificed for further test. Animals were screened for elevated plus maze and Y-maze. Animals were sacrificed and evaluated the brain anti oxidant parameters like catalase (CAT), Estimation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), Estimation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Estimation of glutathione (GSH). All the Parameters of extract treated group animals have shown better results when compared with toxic and test groups. These findings provide a preliminary evidence for its potential as neuroprotective effect.
Helping Dentists Make Accurate Denture through PAA Articulator
Authors: Sanyal Pronob Kumar , Kore Abhijeet Ramchandra , Rao Aishwarya Satish
Published: February 2022

Introduction: An articulator is defined as a mechanical instrument that represents the temporomandibular joints and jaws, to which maxillary and mandibular casts may be attached to simulate some or all mandibular movement. There have been many major modifications and researches in this field of stomato-mechanics in order to facilitate the orientation of the jaws during static and functional movements.

Objective: The main objective of the present research is to provide a novel machine which aids in simulating the temporo-mandibular joint and jaws by using with high accuracy tool for precise & easy mounting & compensatory curved plates for detailed teeth arrangement.

Methods: After the jaw relations procedure, casts should be placed on the wax studs to orient the casts for mounting. The occlusal plane should coincide with the occlusal plane orientor, lingual midline locator and the incisal pin (3- point guidance). This is a more accurate method compared to the arbitrary thread relation we use.

Results: Accordingly the present research provides the gen-next articulator.

Conclusion: This articulator aids in helping dentists make accurate dentures using a regularly used mean value articulator. It will not only improve the quality but also the efficiency of work among dental students and professionals.
A Systematic Medico Historical Review of Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris L.): A Traditional Indian Medicine
Authors: Manhas Ekta , Singh Anil Kumar , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: February 2022

Objective: This review aims to reveal the classic and experience-based traditional uses of Gokshura for health and wellness, and emphasizes the pharmacological and biochemical scientific evidence to confirm them.

Data Source: The available literature on Gokshura from original Ayurvedic scriptures, classical Ayurvedic texts from different periods, Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, and scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar, with Gokshura and T.terrestris as keywords were  searched to determine the basis of the Latin scientific name, the correct identity, properties, pharmacological actions and clinical uses.

Review Methods: In search of scientific evidence of use, international and national journals and other published materials were also searched to pique the curiosity of academics interested in Ayurvedic medicinal plants. This article reveals the ancient brilliance behind the therapeutic use of a promising plant, Gokshura from ancient India, to date. Several bioactive phytoconstituents, which include steroids, saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and unsaturated acids, were isolated and recognized from Gokshura which might be responsible singly or in compound form for numerous pharmacological activities, and traditional application confirms that the basic principles of available Ayurvedic classics in various periods in India have been too scientific, and authentic.

Conclusion: In this research work, it was found that Gokshura overcome diseases of Mutravaha srotasa (Urinary Tract Disorders) and other systems. Various simple and compound preparations can reasonably maintain health and are used as analgesic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac, and rejuvenator.
Stratification for Risk Factors and Its Correlation to Outcome in Children with Malnutrition of Age 6 Months to 5 Years
Authors: Jamali Ameer Ali , Langah Azizullah , Memon Naseer Ahmed , Fatima Pirah , Ayaz Attiya , Mallah Farzana , Jamali Safdar Ali
Published: February 2022

Background: Wide range of illness is covered under malnutrition including under nutrition, specific nutrient deficiencies and over nutrition. There is heavy cost burden on Pakistani economy due to high prevalent condition. Children are affected in several ways and exposed to infectious diseases, psychosocial mal-development and cognitive deficiencies.

Objectives: Objectives of this study are to determine the risk factors of malnutrition in children of age 6 months to 5 years and to determine the correlation between risk factors of malnutrition and outcome in children of age 6 months to 5 years.

Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at Paediatric Medicine Department, PUMHS (Nawabshah). 138 patients were recruited using the non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Informed consent was taken from study participants before enrolment into the study. Children admitted to peadiatric medicine ward were explored for malnutrition risk factors. A pre-designed proforma was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results: Out of 138 children, 78 (56.5) were males and 60 (43.5) were females. Average age of patients was 27.49 ± 13.32. Using criteria of MUAC, 97 (70.28%) were severely malnourished and 41 (29.71%) were moderately malnourished. By criteria of weight-to-height z-score, 116 (84.05%) were severe malnourished and 22 (15.94%) were moderately malnourished. Among child factors, the highest prevalent risk factor was bottle and mixed feeding practice (122, 88.40%). Child related factors were significantly associated with patients’ outcome. Among parental risk factors, the highest prevalent risk factor was unemployment (96, 69.57%) fathers of patients were unemployed. Among environmental factors, the most prevalent risk factor was use of inappropriate water source (102, 73.91%). 31 (22.46%) children expired at the end of the study. Environmental factors were also found to be associated with patients’ outcome.

Conclusion: Lack of breast feeding, unemployment and inappropriate source of water were most prevalent factors. Furthermore, illiteracy and incomplete vaccination status were also prevalent. Therefore, interventions are needed in order to overcome these problems. Parental education should be done and high authorities should make efforts to provide clean and safe water in rural area as well.
Molecular Identification of Multi Drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Neonates with Sepsis in Egypt
Authors: Hassan Farouk , Shawky Alaa , Ahmed Ali A. Abdelrahman , Hagras Abeer M. , Fahim Noha Alaa Eldin , Abdelkader Hayam
Published: February 2022

Neonatal sepsis is one of the most prevalent infections today, claiming the lives of almost one million newborns in developing countries. Our objective is to determine the bacteria that cause sepsis in newborns in Egyptian hospitals, as well as to discover their resistance profiles, allowing for the selection of appropriate drug combinations against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria.  Nine hundred and eighty-nine blood samples were collected from neonates in Al Demerdash and Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital from March 2019 to March 20121 according to the standard protocols. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test AST were performed using VITEK® 2 system.  The results revealed that 51.4 % of patients had positive blood cultures, with 60.3 % females and 39.7 %. Males. Sepsis with late onset was detected in 95% of positive cases, while sepsis with early onset was observed in only 5% of the total positive cases. According to the study, 98.3 % of Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, 91% to Ampicillin/sulbactam, and 90% to Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime. Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR analysis of the blaCTX-M-15 gene expression found that (69%) of MDR K. pneumoniae isolates expressed the gene at a significantly higher level than susceptible isolates, with a mean fold change of 10.0349 versus 1.8646.  In conclusion, Klebsiella pneumoniae is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis in the majority of Egyptian hospitals' NICUs. Application of infection prevention and control strategies, in conjunction with appropriate antimicrobial stewardship programs, may be beneficial in overcoming this challenge.