bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Help or Hindrance? Outside Group Advertising Expenditures in House Races
Authors: Baker Anne E.
Published: August 2018

Super PACs, 501(c)4 social welfare organizations, and 501(c)6 professional associations are now major spenders in House elections. What remains unclear is how the strategic expenditure choices of these respective outside interest groups impact the competitive position of non-incumbent candidates running for the House – specifically do their advertising expenditures undermine or augment the expenditures made by the campaign. Using the Wesleyan Media Project datasets of 2012 and 2014 in combination with campaign finance data in a series of models, I find early television advertising expenditures by the aforementioned 501(c) dark money organizations diminish the effectiveness of non-incumbents’ campaign expenditures – both on television advertising and in general – whereas super PACs’ early television advertising expenditures have no significant impact on campaign spending. A comparison of 501(c) dark money organizations’ and super PACs’ advertising choices in 2012 and 2014 reveals these differential effects likely relate to legal constraints leading 501(c)s, and not super PACs, to devote more resources toward policy advertisements early in the general election cycle. I argue this choice by 501(c) s makes it difficult for non-incumbents’ campaigns to shape the policy agenda early in the race leading the campaign’s expenditures on television advertising and the campaign’s total disbursements to be less effective in terms of improving the candidate’s competitiveness.
Optimization of the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Penicillium oxalicum GRS-1 and their antimicrobial effects against common food-borne pathogens
Authors: Rose Gaurav Kumar , Soni Raman , Rishi Praveen , Soni Sanjeev Kumar
Published: August 2018

Biologically synthesized nanoparticles are gaining importance as they offer several advantages, such as the ease with which they can be scaled up, the cost-effectiveness of the process and the green route of production. In this study, silver (Ag) nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the cellular extract of Penicillium oxalicum GRS-1 and then characterized by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles was optimized by following the one factor at a time approach, wherein the temperature of 60°C, pH 7.0 and 1.5 mm silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration were found to be most favorable factors for the production of Ag nanoparticles. Upon statistical optimization, the maximum production of Ag nanoparticles with a concentration of 136 ppm was achieved at pH 7.2, AgNO3 concentration 1.975 mm and 86 h using the crude cellular extract of P. oxalicum GRS-1 having nitrate reductase activity. TEM analysis showed that the Ag nanoparticles were spherical in shape with sizes ranging from 10 to 40 nm. The biosynthesized nanoparticles showed strong antimicrobial activity against the common food-borne, pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium with respective minimum bactericidal concentrations of 32, 16 and 32 μg/ml.
Superficial intersubjectivity in ELF university dormitory interactions
Authors: Siegel Aki
Published: August 2018

The current study investigates the phenomena of “superficial intersubjectivity” occurring in English as a lingua franca (ELF) interactions at an international university dormitory in Japan. “Intersubjectivity” (Rommetveit, Ragnar. 1976. On the architecture of intersubjectivity. In Ragnar Rommetveit & Rolv Mikkel Blakar [eds.],Studies of language, thought, and verbal communication, 93–107. New York: Academic Press) refers to the shared perspective of the social world by the interlocutors. In ELF interactions where shared perspectives cannot be presumed, efforts to achieve intersubjectivity are critical. ELF research has explicated speakers’ efforts and cooperativeness to achieve intersubjectivity or avoid misunderstandings during interactions (Kaur, Jagdish. 2011a. “Doing being a language expert”: The case of the ELF speaker. In Alasdair Archibald, Alessia Cogo & Jennifer Jenkins [eds.],Latest Trends in ELF Research, 53–75. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing; Seidlhofer, Barbara. 2001. Closing a conceptual gap: The case for a description of English as a lingua franca.International Journal of Applied Linguistics11[2]. 133–158). However, few studies have investigated cases where speakers display mutual understanding during a repair sequence even when the understanding is not accurate.

Approximately 37 hours of naturally occurring ELF interactions were collected and analyzed using a standard conversation analysis followed by a post-analytic researcher observation. Detailed analyses of repair sequences regarding a word suggest that in non-institutional ELF interactions the accuracy of intersubjectivity is not always prioritized. Rather, statements made by the speaker positioned as the one with relatively stronger linguistic ability seem to hold influence over the repair sequence, which prompts the interlocutor with relatively weaker ability to agree with inaccurate candidate understandings. The study suggests a connection between the positioning of speakers regarding linguistic knowledge and the construction of intersubjectivity in ELF interactions.
PIR-PSI: Scaling Private Contact Discovery
Authors: Demmler Daniel , Rindal Peter , Rosulek Mike , Trieu Ni
Published: August 2018

An important initialization step in many social-networking applications is contact discovery, which allows a user of the service to identify which of its existing social contacts also use the service. Naïve approaches to contact discovery reveal a user’s entire set of social/professional contacts to the service, presenting a significant tension between functionality and privacy. In this work, we present a system forprivatecontact discovery, in which the client learnsonlythe intersection of its own contact list and a server’s user database, and the server learns only the (approximate) size of the client’s list. The protocol is specifically tailored to the case of a small client set and large user database. Our protocol has provable security guarantees and combines new ideas with state-of-the-art techniques from private information retrieval and private set intersection.

We report on a highly optimized prototype implementation of our system, which is practical on real-world set sizes. For example, contact discovery between a client with 1024 contacts and a server with 67 million user entries takes 1.36 sec (when using server multi-threading) and uses only 4.28 MiB of communication.
Sorption of Eu(III) on Fe–montmorillonite relevant to geological disposal of HLW
Authors: Chikkamath Santosh , Patel Madhuri A. , Kar Aishwarya S. , Raut Vaibhavi , Tomar Bhupendra Singh , Manjanna Jayappa
Published: August 2018

Montmorillonite (Mt) is the major clay mineral of bentonite, which is the candidate buffer material in the engineered barrier system for geological disposal of high level waste (HLW). The alteration of Mt due to its interaction with carbon steel (overpack) can produce Fe–Mt. In order to understand the basic properties of Fe–Mt, the sorption studies using Eu(III) are reported here. For this, Fe(III)–Mt was prepared by conventional cation exchange method using FeCl3 with Na–Mt. The obtained Fe(III)–Mt was then reduced to Fe(II)–Mt using ascorbic acid. Both the samples were characterized based on their X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, cation exchange capacity and specific surface area. The batch sorption studies of Eu(III) were conducted for both Fe(III)–Mt and Fe(II)–Mt as a function of pH (3–10), ionic strength (0.001 M–1 M) and Eu(III) concentration (10−8–10−3 M). The distribution coefficient (Kd) was found to be higher for Fe(III)–Mt compared to Fe(II)–Mt and Na–Mt. The sudden increase in sorption in the pH range 4.5–6 and remaining constant beyond it indicates ion exchange mechanism at pH<4.5, with surface complexation mechanism dominating the sorption at pH>4.5. This is further corroborated by ionic strength dependent sorption data which shows decrease in sorption capacity of Fe–Mt with increasing ionic strength at low pH, but remaining more or less unchanged at higher pH. Eu(III) adsorption isotherm on Fe–Mt increased linearly with [Eu(III)] reaching saturation at 10−5 M and 10−4 M for Fe(III)–Mt and Fe(II)–Mt, respectively. The amount of iron released from Fe–Mt and Fe(II)/Fetotal during sorption were estimated to understand the effect on Eu(III) sorption behaviour by release of interlayer iron in Fe–Mt.
Pacing Strategy of a Full Ironman Overall Female Winner on a Course With Major Elevation Changes
Authors: Pryor J. Luke , Adams William M. , Huggins Robert A. , Belval Luke N. , Pryor Riana R. , Casa Douglas J.
Published: August 2018

Pryor, JL, Adams, WM, Huggins, RA, Belval, LN, Pryor, RR, and Casa, DJ. Pacing strategy of a full Ironman overall female winner on a course with major elevation changes. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3080–3087, 2018—The purpose of this study was to use a mixed-methods design to describe the pacing strategy of the overall female winner of a 226.3-km Ironman triathlon. During the race, the triathlete wore a global positioning system and heart rate (HR)-enabled watch and rode a bike outfitted with a power and cadence meter. High-frequency (every km) analyses of mean values, mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and normalized graded running pace and power (accounting for changes in elevation) were calculated. During the bike, velocity, power, cadence, and HR averaged 35.6 km·h−1, 199 W, 84 rpm, and 155 b·min−1, respectively, with minimal variation except for velocity (measurement unit variation [MAPE]: 7.4 km·h−1 [20.3%], 11.8 W [7.0%], 3.6 rpm [4.6%], 3 b·min−1 [2.3%], respectively). During the run, velocity and HR averaged 13.8 km·h−1 and 154 b·min−1, respectively, with velocity varying four-fold more than HR (MAPE: 4.8% vs. 1.2%). Accounting for elevation changes, power and running pace were less variable (raw [MAPE] vs. normalized [MAPE]: 199 [7.0%] vs. 204 W [2.7%]; 4:29 [4.8%] vs. 4:24 min·km−1 [3.6%], respectively). Consistent with her planned pre-race pacing strategy, the triathlete minimized fluctuations in HR and watts during the bike and run, whereas velocity varied with changes in elevation. This case report provides observational evidence supporting the utility of a pacing strategy that allows for an oscillating velocity that sustains a consistent physiological effort in full Ironman races.
Effects of Arcor Nitrocarburizing Process on the Case Chemistry and Morphology of AISI 1018 Low-Carbon Steel
Authors: Sharma Jagdeep , Sidhu Balwinder Singh , Gupta Rajesh
Published: August 2018

Industrial modern machinery components, such as gears, bolts, and shafts, are always subjected to continuous frictional wear. The wear resistance and cost of material are the two most important factors while selecting a material for such components. The conventional materials are costly, and there is always a quest for inexpensive materials. The designers mostly choose the low-cost, low-carbon steels. AISI 1018 is one such low-cost, low-carbon grade, which has been used extensively in high-volume screw machine parts applications and is commonly employed in spindles, pins, rods, sprocket assemblies, axles, bolts, connecting rods, motor shafts, hydraulic shafts, pump shafts, and machinery parts. However, the wider applications are restrained by their relatively poor wear and surface properties. This necessitates the need for research on these low-carbon, low-cost materials to address the problem. For decades, surface treatments have been performed to enhance the tribological properties of these components. Salt bath nitrocarburizing is one of the oldest methods and an economical method to improve the tribological properties, as well as the mechanical properties of materials. Unfortunately, in the present literatures, there is not much attention paid on treating AISI 1018 low-carbon steel. A nontoxic salt bath surface modification process nitrocarburizing (Arcor) in ferritic state is investigated on AISI 1018 low-carbon steel. It has been observed that with the increase in nitrocarburizing time and nitrocarburizing temperature, a significant enhancement in mechanical properties, like the hardness of the work material, has been found. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) investigations identified compound and diffusion regions on the surface of steel along with line scan elemental intensities.
The Role of Cholinergic Midbrain Neurons in Startle and Prepulse Inhibition
Authors: Azzopardi Erin , Louttit Andrea G. , DeOliveira Cleusa , Laviolette Steven R. , Schmid Susanne
Published: August 2018

One of the two major cholinergic centers of the mammalian brain is located in the midbrain, i.e., the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPTg) and the adjacent laterodorsal tegmentum. These cholinergic neurons have been shown to be important for e.g., arousal, reward associations, and sleep. They also have been suggested to mediate sensorimotor gating, measured as prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI). PPI disruptions are a hallmark of schizophrenia and are observed in various other psychiatric disorders, where they are associated with, and often predictive of, other cognitive symptoms. PPI has been proposed to be mediated by a short midbrain circuitry including inhibitory cholinergic projections from PPTg to the startle pathway. Although the data indicating the involvement of the PPTg is very robust, some more recent evidence challenges that there is a cholinergic contribution to PPI. We here use transient optogenetic activation of specifically the cholinergic PPTg neurons in male and female rats to address their role in startle modulation in general, and in PPI specifically. Although we could confirm the crucial role of PPTg cholinergic neurons in associative reward learning, validating our experimental approach, we found that activation of cholinergic PPTg neurons did not inhibit startle responses. In contrast, activation of cholinergic PPTg neurons enhanced startle, which is in accordance with their general role in arousal and indicate a potential involvement in sensitization of startle. We conclude that noncholinergic PPTg neurons mediate PPI in contrast to the longstanding hypothetical view that PPI is mediated by cholinergic PPTg neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTActivation of cholinergic neurons in the midbrain has been assumed to mediate prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI), a common measure of sensorimotor gating that is disrupted in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. We here revisit this long-standing hypothesis using optogenetic activation of these specific neurons combined with startle testing in rats. In contrast to the hypothetical role of these neurons in startle modulation, we show that their activation leads to an increase of baseline startle and to prepulse facilitation. This supports recent data by others that have started to cast some doubt on the cholinergic hypothesis of PPI, and calls for a revision of the theoretical construct of PPI mechanisms.
Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and gastrointestinal cancer risk: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kirkegård Jakob , Farkas Dora Körmendiné , Jørgensen Jens Otto Lunde , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre P
Published: August 2018

Objective

The association between thyroid dysfunction and gastrointestinal cancer is unclear.

Design

We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study to examine this potential association.

Methods

We used Danish medical registries to assemble a nationwide population-based cohort of patients diagnosed with hyperthyroid or hypothyroid disease from 1978 to 2013. We computed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with corresponding 95% CIs as measures of the relative risk of each cancer, comparing patients with thyroid dysfunction with that expected in the general population.

Results

We included 163,972 patients, of which 92,783 had hyperthyroidism and 71,189 had hypothyroidism. In general, we found an increased risk of all gastrointestinal cancers within the first year after thyroid disease diagnosis. After more than 5 years of follow-up, patients with hyperthyroidism had a slightly increased risk of pancreatic and gallbladder and biliary tract cancer. Patients with hypothyroidism had a slightly increased risk of stomach, anal, liver, gallbladder and biliary tract, and pancreatic cancer after more than 5 years of follow-up, but the observed numbers of cancers were in general similar to the expected.

Conclusions

The increased risks of all gastrointestinal cancers in the first year following hyper- or hypothyroidism diagnosis are likely due to detection bias. After more than 5 years of follow-up, there does not seem to be a consistent causal association between thyroid disease and gastrointestinal cancer.
A systematic review of pocket-sized imaging devices: small and mighty?
Authors: Galusko Victor , Bodger Owen , Ionescu Adrian
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Hand-held imaging devices are widely used in clinical practice and are a useful tool. There is no published review examining the diagnostic parameters achieved with these devices in clinical practice.

Methods: We searched three online medical literature databases (PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE) for all literature published up until January 2018. We selected studies that (1) were conducted in the adult population; (2) used a truly hand-held device; (3) featured sensitivities and/or specificities on the use of the hand-held scanner. We extracted and summarised the diagnostic metrics from the literature.

Results: Twenty-seven articles were excluded from the initial 56 relevant articles, as the device featured was not truly hand-held. Ultimately a total of 25 studies were analysed. Sixteen studies were carried out by experienced users, seven by users with little previous experience and two studies by nurses. High diagnostic parameters were achieved by all three groups when scanning cardiac pathology and intra-abdominal structures. Training of non-expert users varied, taking a mean of 21.6 h. These hand-held devices can change diagnoses at the bedside and be used as gate-keepers to formal echocardiography. Individual studies show them to be cost-effective.

Conclusion: Hand-held echocardiography is a useful tool in the hands of experts and novices alike. Studies conducted are highly heterogeneous making it difficult to pool data for the diagnostic metrics. Further studies with rigorous methodology are needed to evaluate the true diagnostic potential in the hands of non-experts and in the community as well as to validate training protocols.
La segunda instancia: Una probabilidad de la sentencia en mínima cuantía
Authors: Hernández Montañez Orlando Gilbert
Published: August 2018

Se describen algunas teorías de la argumentación jurídica, insumo para los jueces en la disciplina diaria de tomar decisiones; un punto de vista que, para sus destinatarios, puede ser consecuente con una posición recriminada o aceptada, por cuanto, en un momento dado, se podrían afectar intereses y principios fundamentales a la hora de versar sobre derechos patrimoniales derivados de un conflicto.De antaño, se ha mirado con somero detenimiento el laborío judicial de los administradores de justicia frente a esa sacramental decisión última, que si bien no constituye un cierre de instancia, sí lo es, en algunos eventos; en un escenario de complejidad procedente de la correcta aplicación del derecho al caso particular o, dicho en otras frases, de la subsunción del supuesto fáctico en la norma; se aportan o generan cambios de interpretación, argumentación y aplicación de la ley, y de contera se brinda una respuesta en socorro de las exigencias invocadas por los litigantes o terceros intervinientes. También, se abordarán los efectos jurídicos de la sentencia, como resolución que trasciende de lo judicial a lo social (Ezquiaga Ganuzas, s. f.), con ánimo de afrontar la realidad de la comunidad al querer defender sus puntos de vista y llevar a debate las posiciones apoyadas en las múltiples teorías.Se evaluará la catadura comportamental de resorte del juez en casos donde las pretensiones patrimoniales no excedan los topes de la mínima cuantía, pero que, al momento de adoptar su decisión, se demuestra una inflación derivada de una indemnización de perjuicios, actualización de sumas, compensación, el pago de frutos o mejoras, etcétera, visualizándose la posibilidad de abrir la puerta de un segundo evaluador en orden jerárquico, cuando no se comparte la postura argumentativa y, sin embargo, se restringe su conocimiento dado el quantum de la pretensión económica inicial que por obra de la indexación o por algún otro ardid supera los lindes pecuniarios primigenios para el devenir procesal.
A Novel Model for Enhanced Prediction and Understanding of Unplanned 30-Day Pediatric Readmission
Authors: Ehwerhemuepha Louis , Finn Stacey , Rothman Michael , Rakovski Cyril , Feaster William
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To develop a model to assist clinicians in reducing 30-day unplanned pediatric readmissions and to enhance understanding of risk factors leading to such readmissions.

METHODS:

Data consisting of 38 143 inpatient clinical encounters at a tertiary pediatric hospital were retrieved, and 50% were used for training on a multivariate logistic regression model. The pediatric Rothman Index (pRI) was 1 of the novel candidate predictors considered. Multivariate model selection was conducted by minimization of Akaike Information Criteria. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and values for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, relative risk, and accuracy were computed on the remaining 50% of the data.

RESULTS:

The multivariate logistic regression model of readmission consists of 7 disease diagnosis groups, 4 measures of hospital resource use, 3 measures of disease severity and/or medical complexities, and 2 variables derived from the pRI. Four of the predictors are novel, including history of previous 30-day readmissions within last 6 months (P < .001), planned admissions (P < .001), the discharge pRI score (P < .001), and indicator of whether the maximum pRI occurred during the last 24 hours of hospitalization (P = .005). An AUC of 0.79 (0.77–0.80) was obtained on the independent test data set.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our model provides significant performance improvements in the prediction of unplanned 30-day pediatric readmissions with AUC higher than the LACE readmission model and other general unplanned 30-day pediatric readmission models. The model is expected to provide an opportunity to capture 39% of readmissions (at a selected operating point) and may therefore assist clinicians in reducing avoidable readmissions.
Newborn Falls in a Large Tertiary Academic Center Over 13 Years
Authors: Loyal Jaspreet , Pettker Christian M. , Raab Cheryl A. , O’Mara Elizabeth , Lipkind Heather S.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:

We sought to report the frequency of, circumstances surrounding, and outcomes of newborn falls in our hospital. We evaluated the impact of specific interventions on the frequency of newborn falls and the time between falls.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective study of newborn falls reported on our postpartum unit over a 13-year period. Demographic information and circumstances of falls were collected via an electronic event reporting system and medical record review.

RESULTS:

There were 63 633 births and 29 newborn falls, yielding an average of 4.6 falls per 10 000 live births (median: 2 per year; range 0–5 per year). Newborns who sustained a fall were exclusively breastfeeding (75.9%), 24 to 48 hours of age at the time of the fall (58.6%), and had first-time parents (62.1%). At the time of the fall, most newborns were with the mother compared with being with the father or both parents (65.5% vs 34.5%); in the mother’s bed compared with being elsewhere, such as on a couch or chair, with a parent, or in the parent’s arms (62.1% vs 37.9%); and feeding at the time of the fall versus not (79.3% vs 20.7%). All newborns were monitored after the fall, with no adverse outcomes. Despite interventions, we continued to see cases of newborn falls, although the overall trend revealed decreasing falls per 10 000 patient-days and longer time between falls over the study period.

CONCLUSIONS:

Newborn falls in our hospital are infrequent but continue to occur despite preventive efforts, highlighting the importance of continuous awareness and education.
Variation in Diagnostic Test Use and Associated Outcomes in Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome at Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Neubauer Hannah C. , Hall Matt , Wallace Sowdhamini S. , Cruz Andrea T. , Queen Mary Ann , Foradori Dana M. , Aronson Paul L. , Markham Jessica L. , Nead Jennifer A. , Hester Gabrielle Z. , McCulloh Russell J. , Lopez Michelle A.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:

The incidence of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is rising, but current practice variation in diagnostic test use is not well described. Our aim was to describe the variation in diagnostic test use in children hospitalized with SSSS and to determine associations with patient outcomes.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective (2011–2016) cohort study of children aged 0 to 18 years from 35 children’s hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database. Tests included blood culture, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein level, serum chemistries, and group A streptococcal testing. K-means clustering was used to stratify hospitals into groups of high (cluster 1) and low (cluster 2) test use. Associations between clusters and patient outcomes (length of stay, cost, readmissions, and emergency department revisits) were assessed with generalized linear mixed-effects modeling.

RESULTS:

We included 1259 hospitalized children with SSSS; 84% were ≤4 years old. Substantial interhospital variation was seen in diagnostic testing. Blood culture was the most commonly obtained test (range 62%–100%), with the most variation seen in inflammatory markers (14%–100%). Between hospital clusters 1 and 2, respectively, there was no significant difference in adjusted length of stay (2.6 vs 2.5 days; P = .235), cost ($4752 vs $4453; P = .591), same-cause 7-day readmission rate (0.8% vs 0.4%; P = .349), or emergency department revisit rates (0.1% vs 0.6%; P = .148).

CONCLUSIONS:

For children hospitalized with SSSS, lower use of diagnostic tests was not associated with changes in outcomes. Hospitals with high diagnostic test use may be able to reduce testing without adversely affecting patient outcomes.
Linking Pediatrics Patients and Nurses With the Pharmacy and Electronic Health Record System Through the Inpatient Television: A Novel Interactive Pain-Management Tool
Authors: Aldekhyyel Raniah N. , Melton Genevieve B. , Lindgren Bruce , Wang Yan , Pitt Michael B.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Implement a novel pain-management interface that is used to bring real-time, patient-reported pain assessments to the inpatient television and evaluate the impact of implementation on the pain-management clinical workflow, patient engagement, and nursing pain reassessments.

METHODS:

We developed a pain-management tool interfacing 4 stand-alone technologies: a television-based, interactive patient care system; electronic health record system; nursing call system; and pharmacy inventory–management system. The workflow is triggered when pain medications are dispensed by sending an automatic pain assessment rating question via the patient’s television at a predefined time. To measure the effects of implementation, we calculated patient and/or parent use rates and pain reassessment timely documentation rates. Data were extracted from the electronic health record for a period of 22 months and covered pre- and postimplementation.

RESULTS:

A total of 56 931 patient records were identified during the study period, representing 2447 unique patients. In total, 608 parents and/or patients reported their pain through the tool. Use rates were 6.5% for responding to the pain rating prompt and 13.3% for the follow-up prompt, in which additional nonpharmacologic strategies to eliminate pain were offered. A modest increase was found in the mean timely documentation rates on the basis of nursing documentation standards (26.1% vs 32.8%, a percentage increase of 25.7%; P < .001) along with decreased median time to pain reassessment documentation (29 minutes versus 25 minutes, a percentage decrease of 13.8%; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

With this novel tool, we offer a potentially scalable approach in supporting the pain-management clinical workflow, integration of technologies, and promoting of patient and/or parent engagement in the inpatient setting.
NICU Communication: The Many Disguises of Opportunity
Authors: Niehaus Jason , Maurer Scott
Published: August 2018

In the NICU, communication with parents, family, and other members of the care team is extremely important. Multiple issues can impede effective communication around goals of care, particularly in the context of end-of-life discussions. This review looks at a select few of those difficult topics and identifies them as opportunities for deeper and more productive discussions with parents of critically ill neonates as well as medical staff.
Magnetic Anastomosis as a Minimally Invasive Treatment for Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Greenstein Joshua , Elios Megan , Tiernan Karin , Hageman Joseph R. , Zaritzky Mario
Published: August 2018

Esophageal atresia without fistula is a rare congenital abnormality for which treatment historically required a surgical repair. A new minimally invasive procedure with US Food and Drug Administration–approved Humanitarian Device Exemption has now emerged as a possible treatment option in place of, or in conjunction with, surgical repair for infants with esophageal atresia. This procedure uses magnets placed under fluoroscopic guidance to create an anastomosis between the stomach and the esophagus. In this article, we will review a new magnetic anastomosis catheter-based system, describing how the procedure is performed as well as the reported outcomes and potential complications of this approach. We will highlight a recent case of a patient who underwent the procedure.
From Prenatal Diagnosis to Preterm Infants: A Cultural Guide to Understand Scandinavian Variation
Authors: Solberg Berge
Published: August 2018

The Scandinavian neighbors, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, are 3 similar countries. Still, the practice and the policy on extreme premature infants are different in each of them. Why is this so? In this article, I will try to show that the differences are not primarily a result of individual disagreement among leading doctors in the 3 countries but has a cultural explanation. I compare the policies on preterm infants with a nearby one, that of prenatal diagnosis. It seems clear that the policies and practices reflect distinct features in the mentality and values of each nation. Context matters, even in situations that at first glance appear as identical. Variation in neonatal practice and policies between countries is not necessarily bad, because the cultural context is part of the moral situation in which doctors and parents decide.
Modelación de poblaciones vía cadenas de Markov tridimensionales
Authors: Víquez Juan José , Víquez Jorge Aurelio , Campos Alexander , Loría Jorge , Mendoza Luis Alfredo
Published: August 2018

En este artículo se presenta un nuevo modelo de generación poblacional que puede ser utilizado para proyectar cantidades de personas en fondos de pensiones (tanto cotizantes como jubilados) así como trabajadores en instituciones públicas. Aunado a esto, el modelo presenta oportunidades para cuantificar los flujos derivados de estas poblaciones futuras, tales como gastos en salarios, cotizaciones, pluses salariales, aportes patronales a ahorros/pensiones, entre otros. Claramente la implementación de este modelo probabilístico será de gran utilidad dentro de la caja de herramientas actuariales, aumentando la confiabilidad de las proyecciones, así como permitiendo análisis más profundos por cuanto el desglose poblacional y financiero del modelo es extenso. Aquí se construye un modelo matemático-probabilístico que permite capturar las singularidades de las transiciones entre estados, con suficiente flexibilidad como para aplicarse a varios escenarios. Se estiman exitosamente sus primeros momentos, así como el ajuste de las probabilidades que lo alimenta. Para verificar la idoneidad del modelo propuesto, se implementa con datos reales de una institución pública, y se calcula el error de estimación, presentando niveles inferiores al 2%.
Makam Seniman: Perkembangan Identitas Pemakaman di Era Modern
Authors: Afwadzi Benny
Published: August 2018

The paper examines the development of grave identity in the modern era, which focuses on Taman Makam Seniman dan Budayawan Giri Sapto, which is located on Gajah hill, Giri Rejo village, Imogiri sub-district, Bantul district, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The grave that full of art elements is very interesting because it is devoted to artists and cultural observers and also does not recognize the exclusivity of certain religions, becomes a tourist destination in Yogyakarta, and is mentioned as the only one in the world. This study used field research, with qualitative-descriptive methods and data collecting techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The author finds that the artists’ grave (Makam Seniman) are grave with a characteristic exclusivity of certain professions (artists) and also store interesting artistic elements, namely the existence of several gravestones with unique shapes which symbolizes the art field of the deceased when it was still alive, the artwork displayed on the grave, and the funeral ceremony combined with art. Seeing the phenomena that created from this grave, it can be said that there has been a form of grave identity development in modern times due to the development of human culture, which in the context of the artists’ grave is realized by art. Artists’ grave essentially contains the development of identity as a grave place, which previously had appeared a grave with a model of religious identity, Pancasila (multi religions), heroes, kingdoms, and even pesantren. This type of grave identity with the model that is following a profession or a field that occupied by someone can be said to become a characteristic of the modern grave culture.
Alquran dan Epistemologi Pengetahuan: Makna Semanntik Kata Ra’a, Naẓar dan Baṣar dalam Alquran
Authors: Kaltsum Lilik Ummi
Published: August 2018

Epistemology is a philosophical study of the origin, structure, method of validity and the objective of knowledge. It explains the processes and procedures for obtaining knowledge. This study focuses on the sign of Qur'anic language on the process of obtaining knowledge, using semantic analysis. The object of the study is the three-word meaning system in the process of obtaining knowledge in the Qur'an, i.e., ra’a, naẓar and baṣar which translated to 'see something'. This study shows that there are consistences of differences between the three words. Almost all the terms ra’a have the meaning of 'see something with sensory perception.' This meaning is different from the term naẓar that has the meaning of 'see something through the senses and reinforced by reason with any reflections and connections with other objects.' Meanwhile, baṣar has the meaning of 'see something with the heart'. Therefore, based on the study of the three words, the Qur’anic epistemology indicates the importance of senses, reason, and heart in the process of obtaining knowledge.
PENDEKATAN SUFISTIK DALAM MENAFSIRKAN AL-QURAN
Authors: M. Yunus Badruzzaman
Published: August 2018

Karya-karya tafsir Alqur’ân bercorak sufistik  seperti halnya tasawuf sebagai disiplin ilmu, mendapat label plus-minus dari para pengkaji. Imam al-Thusiy mengomentari penafsiran sufi  sebagai “Penafsiran seperti itu keliru (خطاء ) dan dusta (بهتان) kepada Allâh”. Imam al-Suyuthiy menyatakan bahwa pendapat para sufi dalam memaknai Alqur’ân tidak dianggap sebagai tafsir. Ibn Shalah dalam Fatâwa-nya, Ia mengutip apa yang dikatakan oleh  Imam Abi Hasan al-Wahidi; siapa yang menganggap bahwa kitab al-Sulami itu kitab tafsir maka ia telah menjadi kafir. Demikian juga penolakan dari Imam al-Zarkasyiy, Imam al-Nasafi dan Imam al-Rafi’iy. Sementara itu, banyak ulama yang memandang bahwa tafsir sufistik memiliki faidah untuk mengurai sisi esoterik Alquran dengan asumsi bahwa Alqur’ân memiliki makna dzahir dan makna bathin. Jika demikian, maka tafsir sufistik memiliki kontribusi jelas pada pemaknaan dari aspek bathinnya dengan perangkat takwil atau isyarat-isyarat tertentu, sementara untuk makna dzâhir-nya sudah digarap oleh perangkat tafsir.  Imam al-Ghazali menegaskan bahwa tidak ada larangan seseorang menafsirkan Alqur’ân dengan penafsiran sufistik jika bermaksud untuk menampilkan kekayaan makna Alqur’ân hingga batas-batas pemaknaan dengan simbol atau isyarat-isyarat tertentu. Perdebatan tentang status tafsir sufistik antara kebolehan membaca, memahami dan mengamalkannya seperti yang representasikan oleh Imam al-Ghazali versus beberapa ulama yang menolak karya-karya tafsir sufistik, me-niscayakan untuk mendefinisikan tafsir sufistik dan me-meta-kan (mapping) tafsir sufistik dengan membuat kategori-kategori baik paradigma, karya-karya, kelebihan-kelebihan dan kekurangan-kekurangannya.Teori tafsir sufistik merujuk pada karakteristik metodologi tafsir Alqur’ân yang terbagi kedalam tiga bagian bersar; referensi tafsir (mashadir); referensi tafsir informatif (matsur), nalar (ma’qul) dan intuitif/esoterik (isyariy), metode tafsir (manhaj); ijmaliy, tahliliy, muqaran dan mawdluiy dan yang terakhir adalah teori tentang pendekatan/corak tafsir.Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa secara paradigmatik, posisi tafsir sufi mengambil ruang esoterik dengan memakai perangkat takwil. Tafsir sufistik terbagi kepada dua kategori; isyariy; tafsir yang diperoleh dari isyarat-isyarat ghaib dan nadzariy; penafsiran dengan teori-teori tasawuf dan filsafat (theosophy, tasawuf-falsafi). Pendekatan tafsir sufi berupaya memaknai Alquran dengan menggunakan tasawuf sebagai ilmu bantu. Tafsir dengan corak sufistik memiliki kelebihan terutama pada penyingkapan makna esoterik, bathin Alquran, sementara kelemahannya adalah tidak ada tolok ukur validitas dan hanya dikonsumsi oleh komunitas terbatas.
EPISTEMOLOGI DOA KH ASEP MUKARRAM (Studi Kasus di Lembaga Terapi KH Asep Mukarram Kecamatan Sukanagara, Cianjur Selatan Kabupaten Cianjur)
Authors: Solehudin Solehudin
Published: August 2018

Terapi adalah upaya penyembuhan atau normalisasi atas “penyakit” yang diderita oleh pasien. Terdapat banyak ragam cara penyembuhan yang dilakukan terapis terhadap penyakit pasien. Jenis penyakit dan tingkat keakutannya juga bervariasi. Penyakit-penyakit kategori medis dengan level ke-akut-an dan penyakit-penyakit yang ditengarai non-medis membuka cukup ruang munculnya lembaga-lembaga terapi alternatif  di berbagai wilayah khususnya di Indonesia. Untuk wilayah Jawabarat, terdapat banyak lembaga-lembaga terapi baik yang memiliki legal-formal terdaftar di departemen kehakiman maupun yang tidak mengantongi surat izin. Lembaga terapi pada scope satuan-satuan wilayah yang lebih kecil misalnya terdapat di Kampung Ciawitali Sukanagara, Cianjur Selatan Kabupaten Cianjur. Lembaga terapi ini merupakan bagian dari Lembaga pesantren Salafi Ciawitali yang dipimpin KH. Asep Mukarram.Tujuan pnelitian ini fokus pada basis terapinya yakni do’a. Ada beberapa ilustrasi yang dinarasikan penulis di depan nanti tentang epistemologi do’a yang ada di lembaga terapi tersebut dengan penjelasan-penjelasan langsung atau tidak langsung yang bersumber dari terapis (KH. Asep Mukarram). Karenanya, penelitian ini hanya berkisar  pada prosesi perolehan do’a (ijazah, mahar), riyadlah, puasa (shaum), wirid dan lain-lain.   Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-analitik dengan jenis data kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah field research dengan teknik wawancara mendalam (deep interview) dengan  puposive sampling. Penelitian ini berbasis pada kerangka epistemologi atau teori pengetahuan (nadzariyyat al-ma’rifah). kata do’a (الدعاء). Jika merujuk kepada Alquran, banyak kata-kata do’a dengan berbagai derivasinya baik dalam bentuk kata kerja maupun kata benda, sebanyak 90 kali disebut; 48 dalam bentuk kata benda [isim] dan 44 dalam bentuk kata kerja [fi’il]. Kata ini memiliki variasi makna; ibadah, meminta, memanggil, memuji dan seterusnya. doa secara definitif dimaknai dengan; permintaan kepada Allah untuk didatangkan kemanfaatan dan dicegah berbagai keburukan.Hasil penelitian ini dapat disebutkan secara singkat sebagai berikut; epistemologi do’a di lembaga terapi KH Asep Mukarram meliputi prosesi pembersihan fisik dengan di”rebus”, melakukan riyadlah (latihan penyucian jiwa), shaum, Idan wirid. Perolehan ilmu para santri atau pasien melalui proses ijazah dan mahar. Do’a-do’a yang di-ijazahkan bersumber dari Alquran, literatur kitab-kitab hikmah, dan “racikan” KH Asep Mukarram sendiri. Relasi do’a dengan terapi dapat terlihat dari prosesi terapi dengan media wafaq, transfer energi do’a pada pemindahan penyakit ke tubuh hewan, dan pengisian benda dengan energi doa. Ide utama dari berdoa menurut KH Asep Mukarram adalah keyakinan bahwa do’a kita akan di-qabul (diterima).
IMPLEMENTASI BIMBINGAN KEAGAMAAN PETUAH DALAM MENGANTISIPASI KENAKALAN REMAJA DI MADRASAH ALIYAH AR-ROSYIDIYAH KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Rudianto Apip
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini berangkat dari pemikiran bahwa bimbingan keagamaan merupakan proses pemberian bantuan kepada seseorang yang mengalami kesulitan lahir maupun batin supaya dalam kehidupannya sejalan dengan ketentuan dan petunjuk Allah SWT. Untuk melakukan bimbingan keagamaan tersebut memerlukan suatu metode atau teknik yang tepat dan efektif dan dianggap baik (ma’ruf), sejauh metode dan teknik tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan norma ajaran Islam. Lembaga pendidikan seperti Madrasah Aliyah merupak tempat dilangsungkannya pendidikan, melalui pendidikan di sekolah siswa di didik baik dari aspek akhlak, psikologis, maupun perilakunya terlebih pada sekolah berbasis keagamaan bahwa pola pendidikan akhlaknya sudah barang tentu menjadi prioritas utamanya. Namun fakta dilapangan menunjukan adanya beberapa bentuk kenakalan remaja baik bentuk kenakalan yang ringan hingga yang terberat. Oleh karena itu diperlukan program yang bertujuan untuk mengantisipasi kenakalan remaja tersebut, salah satunya melalui program bimbingan keagamaan petuah (pesantren sabtu ahad) yang ada di Madrasah Aliyah Ar-Rosyidiayah.
PENYULUHAN BAHAYA NARKOBA BERBASIS PARTISIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH (Studi Lapangan di Kalangan Pemuda Karang Taruna Kota Banjar)
Authors: Chodijah Medina , Siti Rusydati  Khaerani Izzah Faizah , Fadhilah Reiha
Published: August 2018

Penyalahgunaan narkoba adalah penggunaan narkoba yang dilakukan tidak untuk maksud pengobatan, tetapi karena ingin menikmati pengaruhnya, dalam jumlah berlebih. Permasalahan penyalahgunaan penggunaan narkoba beserta penanggulangannya. menggunakan pendekatan Participatory Action Research atau PAR yaitu suatu pendekatan yang mengkolaborasikan penelitian, pendidikan dan tindakan secara bersamaan, dimana peneliti atau dalam konteksi ini pengabdi memfokuskan perhatiannya pada proses, selain dari produk. PAR dilakukan terhadap 42 remaja yang aktif sebagai anggota karang taruna Kecamatan Banjar kelurahan Banjar Kota Banjar. Dari 12 pertanyaan yang didiskusikan dalam kegiatan PAR ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat memang membutuhkan kegiatan penyuluhan atau sosialisasi penyalahgunaan narkoba.
SEMI QUANTITATIVE RISK PROFILE OF AFLATOXIN B1 FROM AN ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS IN A DRIED SALTED FISH IN JAVA ISLAND RESELLERS
Authors: Hidayah Izhamil
Published: August 2018

This study aims to determine the probability of Aflatoxin B1 exposure from Aspergillus flavus in dried salted fish. The exposure of that may cause a health problems to consumers. The collecting of salted fish was conducted in several areas in Java Island, which were Tangerang, Bandung, Cirebon, Pelabuhan Ratu, Tegal, Cilacap, Banyuwangi and Tuban. Isolation and identification of Aspergillus flavus was conducted by using pour plate method on  Aspergillus Flavus Parasiticus Agar (AFPA)  media. Meanwhile, Measurement of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) content had been done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On the other hand, the occurence probability of Aflatoxin B1 risk from Aspergillus flavus was calculated by statistical probabilistic approach in @risk version 7.0 software with Monte Carlo simulation. The results of this study showed that in the consumption of salted fish for about 3.7 g/capita/day, it is probable that there are risk of 7.74 cfu/g A. flavus exposure and 0.7291 ppb aflatoxin B1 exposure in 1 g of salted fish that were taken from sampling locations.  This value is still catagorized as low risk level
Fólio - Revista Científica Digital - Comunicação e Turismo
Authors: Carvalho Valéria Deluca Soares de , Tacques Cláudia
Published: August 2018

2017/1
Percepções de estagiários sobre as suas práticas de avaliação das aprendizagens
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2018

RESUMO A avaliação das aprendizagens tem de constituir, sobretudo, uma prática realizada para promover as aprendizagens nos alunos. Deste modo, foi nossa intenção aceder às percepções dos estagiários do 1º ciclo do ensino básico da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro sobre as suas práticas de avaliação das aprendizagens. Para isso foi administrado um questionário de questões abertas à totalidade dos estagiários no fim do estágio do ano letivo de 2016/2017. Da análise de conteúdo feita às respostas escritas, foi possível perceber que, tendo eles uma percepção da avaliação das aprendizagens numa lógica formativa, afirmaram ter realizado práticas de avaliação formativa pontuais e contínuas, o que lhes possibilitou elaborar um diagnóstico dos processos de aprendizagem dos alunos, dar-lhes feedback e regular esses processos.
A civilização escolar pelos compêndios didáticos de formação de professores
Authors: Boto Carlota
Published: August 2018

RESUMO O presente trabalho tem por finalidade averiguar aspectos concernentes ao cotidiano escolar por sua dimensão ritual. A hipótese da educação escolar como rito de iniciação será o foco norteador da pesquisa. Nesse sentido, os documentos trabalhados foram variados, contemplando fundamentalmente, para os casos de Portugal e do Brasil, livros didáticos de formação de professores. Quando se observam os modos de ensino, constata-se a força da estatura cultural da escola. Se a disposição de um sistema de ensino codifica normas de agir para a estrutura da rede escolar, há aspectos, no domínio da escola, que extrapolam as prescrições normativas dos programas oficiais e das diretrizes que contam como ou o quê se deverá ensinar. Portanto, é possível dizer que nem tudo que a escola faz estava previsto para que ela o fizesse. Os compêndios dirigidos à escola primária e à formação de professores, em sua dimensão histórica, são, por óbvio, reveladores de um dado processo psíquico civilizador. Nesses, a palavra é dirigida à regulação de comportamentos.