bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insecticide Performance Comparison on No-Till Corn for Black Cutworm Control, 1992
Authors: Weiszel J. L. , Ostlie K. R.
Published: March 2022

The promotion of conser-vation tillage methods increased interest in performance of rescue insecticides in high crop residue situations where BCW problems are expected to be more prevalent. Experimental plots were established in corn residue on a Waukegan silt loam soil at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Plots measuring 4 rows X 9 m, were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Corn was plated no-till into corn residue on 20 May at a seeding rate of 64,500 seeds/ha in 76 cm row width. Granular treatments were applied at planting ahead of the presswheel using modified Noble applicators. Aluminum barriers, each surrounding 4.6 cm of 2 rows and extending 10 cm below and 15 cm above the soil, were installed 8 Jun. Corn stand within the barriers averaged 40 plants. On 9 Jun, each plot was infested with 50 BCW larvae (90% 4th, 6% 3rd, 4% 5th instars). That evening, between 5-6 p.m., 5 liquid rescue treatments were applied within the appropriate barrier arenas. Liquid insecticides were applied in 187 L/ha while the nematodes (BioVector) were applied in 750 L/ha. Wind speed was 1.6-4.8 km/hr, and soil temperature was 22°C. Plant injury counts were taken on 3, 6 and 10 days after infestation.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticide Mixtures Against Late Season Populations of Bollworm, Tobacco Bud-Worm and Beet Armyworm, 1992
Authors: Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. , Clay P. A.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted on 6 Jul with plots consisting of 4 rows (102 cm centers) x 15 m. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters total spray/ha through Teejet X-12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 2.1 kg/cm2. Insecticide treatments were applied on 8, 11, 18, and 28 Sep against an established population of bollworms and tobacco budworms (primarily tobacco budworms). Efficacy against bollworms and tobacco budworms was determined by examining 25 squares/plot for evidence of feeding damage and the presence of larvae on each of 3 observation dates. Efficacy against beet armyworms was determined by taking 10 sweeps/plot with a standard (38 cm diam) sweep net.
Foliar Insect Control in Dry (Kidney) Bean, 1992
Authors: Noetzel David , Maher Pat
Published: March 2022

Plots were established in a commercial field planted on 15 May. Plot size was 4 rows 9.1 m long x 0.75 m wide. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. Pretreatment PLH counts avg 0.7/leaf. Foliar materials were broadcast applied on 8 and 22 Jul. Each application was made using 2 liters total material on 0.00167 ha. Data on stand, yield and moisture were collected and final yields adjusted to a standard moisture.
Apple, Seasonal Control of Codling Moth, 1992
Authors: Brunner Jay F. , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

Lorsban alone or in combination with a wetting agent, Kinetic, was evaluated for control of CM. The test was conducted in an orchard located at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Columbia View plots near Wenatchee. Test trees were 10- to 12-year-old Golden Delicious on a dwarfing root. The orchard was irrigated by under-tree sprinklers on a 14-day schedule. The test consisted of four single tree replicates in randomized completed blocks. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 400 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. Applications were timed to coincide with hatch of CM eggs as predicted by a degree day model. The first application was made on 12 May at 250 degree days following first moth capture in pheromone traps. The second application was made 21 days following the first. The third application was made on 1 Jul, 1250 degree days following capture of the first moth of the year, and the fourth application was made on 21 Jul. Weather during application periods was generally good with little wind and no precipitation. CM pressure in the orchard was high. Mites were sampled in Jun and Jul. Twenty-five leaves were collected from each tree. In the laboratory leaves were processed through a mite brushing machine and each mite species was counted with aid of a dissecting microscope.
Insecticidal and Microbial Control of Lepidopteran Larvae in Minnesota Cabbage, 1992
Authors: Bartels D. W. , Hutchison W. D. , Bolin P. C.
Published: March 2022

This study was carried out at the University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station, at Rosemount in cabbage transplanted 11 Jun. Treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of 2 rows on 91.4 cm (36 inch) centers, measuring 9.14 m (30 ft) in length. All plots were separated by 2.14 m (7 ft) alleys on either side and by 10 ft alleys at each end. All treatments were applied using a Spirit, high-clearance sprayer, with 5 hollow-cone nozzles (TX-10) overlapping the 2 rows, and delivering 27 gal/acre at 45 psi.
Systemic Granulars To Control Mexican Bean Beetle and Atlantic Spider Mite in Soybeans, 1976
Authors: Hofmaster R. N.
Published: March 2022

York soybeans were planted May 21' 76 by conventional planters with 36 in row spacing. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 30 ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. All materials were applied with an Almaco V-Belt Nursery Seeder, banded about 1.5-2.0 in from the seed and 2.0 in deep. Mexican bean beetle larvae counts were made on July 7 by selecting 10 plants at random from each plot and counting all the larvae thereon. The effectiveness of the various systemics against the Atlantic spider mite was determined by taking a single leaf from each of 25 plants/plot on July 26 and Aug 7 and recording the number of mites on 1 square inch of leaf surface or by foliage injury ratings. These foliage injury ratings were as follows: 1) No visible signs of mite damage; 2) Some "flecking" of leaves but not enough to interfere with plant growth; 3) Mite injury obvious; possible retardation beginning; 4) Severe mite injury on 50% or more of foliage; plants appear stunted; and 5) 100% of leaves severely damaged. The beans were harvested Nov 4 by cutting the entire 30 ft row and threshing with a stationary plot thresher.
Laboratory Tests of Insecticides on Western Spruce Budworm, 1974 - 1976
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Boelter Lucille M. , Gillette Nancy L.
Published: March 2022

Topical application tests of the contact toxicity of 25 insecticide formulations were conducted on last stage western spruce budworm. Insects were selected from the 50th to 60th generations of a non-diapausing laboratory colony. Five concentrations serially diluted from a freshly formulated concentrate were used in each of 3 replications for each insecticide. Treatment was performed with an ISCO model M microapplicator equipped with a 1/4-cc tuberculin syringe. A dose rate of 1 ul/100 mg body weight was used to apply the insecticides to the thoracic dorsa of C02-anesthetized insects weighing 70-110 mg. Mexacarbate was used as a standard for comparison.
Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth Control on Douglas-Fir, 1976
Authors: Hard John S. , Ward James D. , llnytzky Steven
Published: March 2022

The test was done on epidemic Douglas-fir tussock moth populations near Kamloops, B.C. Dimilin was applied in a randomized block design by using a conventional boom and nozzle system on fixed-wing aircraft with 22 evenly-spaced tee-Jet nozzles and no. 8010 flat fan spray tips. A mixture of 90% water and 10% ethylene glycol served as carrier. The formulation was sprayed at the rate of 1 gal/acre at 110 mph and 40 psi. The 12 plots ranged in size from 50 to 81 acres and in elevation from 2300 to 2900 ft . Treatments were replicated 3 times and each was applied on June 13, 17, and 18 after complete egg hatch and larval dispersal. Orgyia pseudotsugata larvae were counted on 2 mid crown branch samples from 25 trees in each plot on the day before spray, and 7, 14, 2 1 , 28, and 35 days after spraying. Data were transformed to larvae/1000 in2 of Douglas-fir foliage and subjected to analysis of variance and analysis of covariance.
Citrus Mealybug Control on Coleus in The Greenhouse, 1976
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

On June 21'76 a control study for the citrus mealybug was set up at the Indiana Veteran's Home Greenhouse. Heavily infested pots of Coleus 10-12” in height were utilized. One pot per treatment. The five materials and rates were applied with a 1 gal B&G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 p.s.i. Each plant was sprayed to the point of drip. The experiment was replicated five times. Counts of adults, nymphs and egg masses/plant were made at the time of treatment, 24, 48, 72 hours, seven and fourteen days post treatment.
Red Imported Fire Ant Control With GRANULAR DIAZINON, MISSISSIPPI, 1972
Authors: Markin George P. , Collins H. L.
Published: March 2022

Granular diazinon (Spectracide, 2% Al , and Diazinon 14G, 14% Al) was used in field tests of two methods of application against the red imported fire ant in improved Bahia grass pastures in Hancock County, Mississippi. Broadcast applications were made with a tractor mounted granular applicator, applying the materials at the rate of 2.5, 5, and 10 lb a . i . / a c r e . Individual mound treatments were made by opening each mound in the treatment plot with a shovel, introducing 1.5 to 2.5 oz of granular material and mixing with the soil of the mound. The exact amount of material added per mound was determined by the number of mounds per acre and varied per plot so that the total amount of active material used on each plot was 0.25 or 0.5 lb/acre. Treatments were compared with untreated check plots. Each treatment was · replicated two times. Plots were 1 acre square and contained 24 to 64 live colonies. Mortality counts were restricted to the 1/2 acre in the center of each plot, the remaining area was left as a buffer to prevent reinfestation from outside the treated area. The treatments were made in Aug 1972. Percent control was determined by comparing the number of living colonies in the plots 1 week before treatment with the number of surviving colonies in the plot at 4 intervals after the treatment.
Lice Control on Beef Cattle, 1976
Authors: Lloyd John E.
Published: March 2022

Single treatments were administered to cows and heifer and steer calves between January 30 and February 4'76. The “spot-on” was applied with a syringe on the top line, posterior to the withers. The injectable was placed intramuscularly in the rump. Ten animals from each treated group were inspected for lice, except when fewer than 10 head were available. Lice inspection areas were the entire head and three 6-in hair parts in the brisket, neck, backline and rump-tailhead. Viable lice were determined post treatment by microscopic examination. Large numbers of lice on the back and rump (= hind portion) were predominantly B. bovis. Those present in large numbers on the head, neck and brisket (= front) were S. capillatus. L. vituli were chiefly on tfie front of the animals but usually were less than 10/inspection area.
Stirofos Feed Additive For House Fly and Stable Fly Control in Horse Feces, 1976
Authors: Bay D. E. , Skiles Peggy S.
Published: March 2022

Five mature horses, averaging ca 272 kg, were preconditioned for 7 days prior to administration daily of 8.8 g/animal of a 7.76% Stirofos (Rabon) premix (Code SD 8447 10-37-68-1 PMH) in a commercial preparation of horse and mule feed containing ground corn, bran, alfalfa pellets, and molasses. Treatment was initiated August 10 and terminated August 23, 1976. Prairie hay and water were fed adlibitum. Three additional animals served as controls. All animals were maintained as a group except during 24-hr manure collection periods on treatment days 7 and 14 at which time they were individually isolated in concrete floored pens to minimize manure contamination with dirt ana/or litter. Sufficient distilled water was added to each 24-hr collection to approximate 80% moisture content. Twenty-five newly hatched 1st instar house fly and stable fly larvae of a susceptible strain were transferred to 200-g a liquors of respective samples. Three replicates of each sample were performed. Samples were held at 27°C and monitored for adult emergence.
Apple, Summer Mite Control, 1976
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi. In Test 1, 26-year-old trees were sprayed at a rate of ca 250 gal per acre; in Tests 2, 3, and 4, 11-year-old apple trees were treated at 500 gal per acre. Spray dates were June 22 and 29 (Test 1), July 7 and 14 (Test 2), July 23 and August 2 (Test 3), and July 29 and August 5 (Test 4); each material was applied on both dates for the respective tests. The fungicide and insecticide program during the course of these acaricide tests consisted of captan 80W (0.6 - 1.25 lb/100 gal) on 6 dates, Epsom salts (15 lb) and Marlate 50W (3 lb) on June 24, Sevin 80W (1.25 lb) on July 8, 22, August 6 and 12, and Polyram 80W (1 lb) and Cygon 2.67EC (1.5 pt) on July 26 and August 5. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 1 Red Delicious (RD) and 3 Golden Delicious (GD) cultivars per treatment in Test 1, 4 RD per treatment in Test 2, 2 Cortland and 2 Early Mcintosh per treatment in Test 3, and 2 Mcintosh and 2 GD per treatment in Test 4 . From each tree, 25 leaves were collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Mite population pressure was not very severe. At the pre-spray date, egg populations ranged from 2-13 eggs/leaf (Tests 1 and 2) or from 20-35 eggs/leaf (Tests 3 and 4). There was abundant rainfall from mid-June through mid-August.
Pear, Pear Psylla Seasonal Control, 1976
Authors: Reissig Harvey , Dunham D. H. , Hebding Harold E.
Published: March 2022

Seven seasonal insecticide programs were applied with a Myers speed sprayer to 2 pear blocks containing Bartlett, Bosc, Gorham, and Clapp Favorite cultivars. Each program except that evaluating MO 9087 which was replicated only once, was replicated 3 times. All plots were ca 1 acre and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied on March 29, April 9, April 29, May 24, June 30, July 20 and August 9. All were dilute (IX) except the petal fall spray on May 24 which was applied 3X. Nymphs were sampled on May 17, June 29, and July 26 by putting 10 spurs from each of 4 trees/replication into a Berlese funnel. Adults were sampled by searching for 2 minutes on 4 trees in each plot on August 9 before the final spray application.
Potato Psyllid Control with Synthetic Pyrethroids, 1976
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D.
Published: March 2022

Potato seed pieces were planted February 24, 1976 in Laveen clay loam on 34 inch row spacing using a John Deere 2-row planter. Plots were 25 feet long, 4 rows wide and replicated 4 times in a randomized plot design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays using a 2 gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer and a lightweight 2-nozzle boom operated at 50-55 psi. PsyHis nymphs and adults were counted at weekly intervals beginning on April 6 on 25 selected leaves from each plot. A moderate population of psyllids occurred in the plots but became quite heavy in the check plots the latter part of the season. Potatoes were harvested June 8 and 10 with a one row potato digger. They were then graded according to U. S. standards and grades and yields for each plot and treatment recorded.
Green Peach Aphid and Potato Aphid Control on Muck Soil-Grown Potatoes By Soil-Applied Systemic Insecticides, Elba, New York, 1976
Authors: Tingey W. M. , Stone K. W. , Bergman J. M.
Published: March 2022

'Katahdin' potatoes were planted May 27, 1976 in Elba muck soil at a spacing of 9 to 12 inches within the row. Individual plots were 1 row wide and 30 ft in length with 34 inch row spacing. Experimental design was randomized complete block with 4 replications. Fertilization consisted of 1000 lbs/A of 15-15-15 pre-planting broadcast. Herbicide and fungicide practices were those in standard commercial use. Granules were applied to the seed furrow at planting using a Craftsman cone seeder. Furrow sprays were applied over the seed in the furrow at planting using a CO2 back-pack sprayer at 60 gal/A and 40 psi. Plots were not irrigated; rainfall (inches) during the growing period was: June (3.0), July (4.9), August (1.9) - Total (9.8). Aphid collection was by the leaf sample method; 1 fully-expanded compound leaf was taken from the upper 1/2 and lower 1/2 of each of 10, randomly-selected plants/plot.
Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control By Recommended Insecticides in Ohio, 1976
Authors: Szatmari-Goodman Gary , Treece R. E.
Published: March 2022

Field corn, variety Pioneer 3773, was planted at New Pittsburg (Wayne County) Ohio, on April 30'76. Five recommended soil insecticides were applied in a 7-inch band in front of the presswheel at time of planting. Granular insecticides were applied with electric Gandy insecticide boxes mounted over each planter presswheel. The liquid formulation was applied at 26 psi in ca 10 gallons of water/acre. Applications were made at a tractor ground speed of 3 mph. A randomized complete block design was used. Plots were 2 rows wide (38 in spacing), 40 ft long, with 25 ft alleyways between each of four replications. Soil type was silt loam. Rainfall during May was 1/2 normal with June normal and July slightly below normal. Soil temperature (4 inch depth) at planting was ca 11°C. Larval damage was assessed on August 2 by digging and washing 24 root systems from each treatment (6 roots/plot × 4 reps) and evaluating each root system on the standard 1-6 rating scale where 1 = little or no damage and 6 = three or more nodes of roots destroyed.
Relation of Systemic Insecticidal Treatments For Control of Aphids To Control of Barley Yellow Dwarf
Authors: Reed H. E. , Chambers A. Y. , Lentz G. L.
Published: March 2022

In a field test at Jackson, Tennessee, 5 systemic insecticides were tested in 15 treatments to determine the effectiveness of aphid control on development and severity of barley yellow dwarf. Seedling date was September 30'75. Four replications of each treatment were made using a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of 5, 20 ft rows 7.5 inches apart wifh 2 ft between plots. Insecticides were applied either as a single treatment at planting time (AP), as a split-treatment (SP) one lb at planting and one lb 30 days later, or as a single treatment at emergence (AE).
Red-Necked Peanutworm Control in Dryland Peanuts, Oklahoma, 1976
Authors: Berberet R. C. , Wall R.
Published: March 2022

Peanuts 'Spanhoma' were planted on June 4 with 36 inch row spacing using a 4 row planter. A preplant application of Balan was incorporated for weed control- Insecticides were applied September 6. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 4 row × 50 ft plots on light sandy soil. Insecticides were applied over the row with 2 nozzles with a total volume of 20 gal/acre. Dithane M-45 and Terraclor were used to control foliar diseases and soil fungi, respectively. Samples consisted of 25 terminals/plot collected randomly from the center 2 rows of each plot. Terminals were checked in the laboratory to find the total number of live larvae present. This number was then converted to the number of larvae/ft of row.
Rice Bug Control, 1975
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Ocampo P. D.
Published: March 2022

Field collected rice bug adults were placed on 50 day old plants treated with 12.5 ml of a 0.06% foliar spray. Each insecticide was replicated 4 times and each replicate consisted of 10 insects. The rice bugs were placed on the plants one hr (1 HT) and 7 days (7 DT) after treatment. Mortality counts were taken at 48 hours after placing the insects on the plant.
Apple, Early Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 14-yr-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a handgun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 psi at a rate of ca. 500 gal/A. Spray dates were Jun 2-3 (petal fall) and Jun 14 (first cover) all materials were applied on both dates except for RO 12-0470 in Test 1 which was applied on Jun 3 and Jul 13. The standard pesticide program (rate are per 100 gal) during the course of this test consisted of captan 80W (1 to 1.25 lb) on 6 dates; Epsom salts (15 lb) on Jun 1, 7, and 19; Solubor (1 lb) on Jun 1; Sevin 80W (5 oz) on Jun 15; Marlate 50W (3 lb) on Jun 19; and Imidan 50W (1 lb) on Jul 2, 18, and 30. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 4 Red Delicious culfivars per treatment in Test 1 and 2 Cortland plus 2 Golden Delicious per treatment in Test 2. From each tree 25 leaves were collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and the mites brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Mite population pressure was severe in late Jul. June and July were hot and dry except for heavy rains on Jul 1, 16, and 17.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in Direct Seeded Tomatoes with Systemic Insecticides, 1979
Authors: Linduska James J. , Bagley P. C.
Published: March 2022

Chico III and Campbell 28 tomatoes were direct seeded in alternating rows with a Planet Jr. Chico III tomatoes were planted on May 29 and Campbell 28 tomatoes were planted on Jun 13. The Chico III tomatoes served as buffer rows and were planted early so as to encourage an infestation of Colorado potato beetle. Plots consisted of a single row of tomatoes 25-ft long, buffered on each side by a guard row. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomatoes plants spaced 12-inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The 4 and 12 inch band treatments were applied pre-plant using an electric drive Gandy (Model 901-2) applicator. They were incorporated into the top 3-5 inches of soil. The 24 inch band treatments were applied with a small push type Gandy applicator and were also incorporated into the top 3-5 inches of soil. A single spout electric drive Gandy applicator was used to apply the furrow treatments. An adjustable furrow opener was attached to the front of the planter, thereby, allowing the insecticide to be applied In a furrow 2 inches below the seed at planting time. Soil temp at the 4 inch depth at the time of treatment was 60 ° F. The treatment rows were seeded with Campbell 28 tomatoes the same day (Jun 13) that insecticides were applied. Soil was classified as a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. When plants were 6-8 inches tall, 10 plants were selected at random in each plot and rated visually to the nearest 10% defoliation. Yield data were taken from a 10 ft section in the center of each plot. Yield data from 3 different harvest dates were combined and reported in tons/acre. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Tomato Insect Control, 1977
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L.
Published: March 2022

'Stakeless' tomatoes were transplanted into 6 single-row plots 26-ft long on 48-inch centers with 3-ft alleys between blocks on May 11 near Benson, NC. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied weekly beginning Jul 20 and ending Aug 17 for a total of 5 applications. Maneb fungicide was applied at all spray dates. All sprays were applied at the rate equiva lent to 100 gal/acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi. Allripe, red fruit was evaluated for fruitworm damage before each spray. Whitefly infestation ratings were made on 3 plants/plot on Aug 19.
Effect of Spring Foliar Sprays on Alfalfa Arthropods, 1979
Authors: Pienkowski R. L.
Published: March 2022

Sprays were applied to 21 × 21 ft plots in a 2 year old stand of ca 15 inch tall alfalfa near Blacksburg, Va. on May 7'79, using a hand sprayer at a rate of 20 gal/acre. Treatments were replicated 3 times. Numbers are mean counts per 10 pendulum sweeps with a 15 inch net ± standard error.
Aphid Control Treatments, 1979
Authors: Turtle D. M. , Mollis C. H.
Published: March 2022

Several chemical sprays were evaluated during Feb at the Valley Experiment Station. Population levels were lower than 1978 due to lower temperatures during Jan but were increasing throughout the valley. Treatments were applied Feb 7 with a C02-backpack sprayer at the rate of 25 gpa using 40 psi. Each treatment was replicated 4 times to plot of 10 × 10 ft. During Feb the aphid population in this field was 60% blue alfalfa aphid and 40% pea aphid.
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Suppression, 1979
Authors: Clement S. L. , McCartney D. , Myers R.
Published: March 2022

Soil insecticides to suppress larvae of the northern corn rootworm were evaluated at 3 locations in Ohio. Plots with 30-inch rows were established in continuous corn acreage on May 2 at the Western Branch Research Center (Clark County), and May 7 in a grower's field near Wooster (Wayne County), and on May 10 at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (Wayne County). Soil type and characteristics were: silty clay loam, pH 5.9, organic matter 2.9% (Western Branch); silt loam, pH 7.0, organic matter 2% (Wooster site); Wooster loam, pH 6.6, organic matter 5% (OARDC site). Soil insecticides were applied at planting in a 7-inch band in front of the presswheel using electric Gandy insecticide boxes mounted over each planter presswheel. Applications were made at 3 mph tractor ground speed. Experiments were arranged in randomized complete block designs with 4 replicates/treatment. Plots were 2 rows × 40 ft long. Furadan (1.2 oz ai/l,000 ft row) was applied 1976-78 in the Western Branch field and 1974-78 in the Wooster field; a soil insecticide was not used in the OARDC field prior to 1979. Larval damage was assessed July 9-10 (Western Branch plots), July 31 (Wooster plots) and August 1 (OARDC plots) by digging and washing 16 root systems from each treatment (4/plot × 4 reps) and evaluating each root system with the standard Iowa 1-6 rating scale (1 = little or no damage, 6 = 3 or more root nodes destroyed).
Grain Sorghum, Suppression of Pests on An Early Planting, Tifton, 1978
Authors: Martin Paul B. , Wiseman B. R.
Published: March 2022

Grain sorghum, planted Apr 20 in 3 ft rows (middle to middle) in Leefield loamy sand, was treated 4 times pre-boor to milk-dough for various pests. Four row × 50 ft-plots (separated by 4 untreated rows) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates. Pesticides were applied July 11, 15, 21, and 27 as 12 and 9 gal chemical plus water/acre on July 11-21 and July 27, respectively, at 45 psi with a John Deere Hi-Cycle sprayer. Three D-4 nozzles were used/row; on July 11 2 were dropped 18 inch and directed upward at the bottom surface of leaves. On July 15-27 all nozzles were directed at the heads. Whole plants (including leaves and heads) were inspected from 10 row-ft in the center of the plots. Also, 30 heads from the center of each plot were shook into paper bags ("shag bags"), transported to the laboratory and insects counted under magnification. Yields were estimated from 20 row-ft from the center row not used for "shag- bag" samples. Weather conditions were wet during the seedling stage and dry later; plots were irrigated on June 26.
Silverspotted Skipper Control in Soybeans, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Dively Galen P. , Curtis William , Venables Lee
Published: March 2022

Soybeans were planted on June 10 in 30 in rows near Salisbury, Wicomico Co., Maryland. Treatment plots were 20 ft × 2 rows arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Precounts averaged 6 larvae per m2. Treatments were applied on Sept 10 with a back-pack hand held CO2 pressure boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gpa at 40 psi. Post treatment larval sample counts were taken on Sept 15. Three random 5 m sample counts were made in each plot.
Fletcher Scale Control on Taxus, 1979
Authors: Moore Robert E. B.
Published: March 2022

Six insecticide treatments were applied to 3-year-old field grown Taxus at a commercial nursery in East Windsor. The treatments were randomized in a complete block design and repeated 4 times. The test plots consisted of 3 rows and were 12 plants long, and each plot had a common buffer row. On May 3, Temik granules were placed in a 5.08 cm deep furrow, which ran the length of each of the four alleys associated with each plot. The furrows were back filled with a hoe immediately after the insecticide was applied. Sevin and Ethion were applied on May 30 when new crawlers were first appearing, using a small tank sprayer with a nozzle pressure of 30 psi. Enough spray material was applied to allow for complete penetration of the plant crown. Pre and post scale counts were made in the field by examination under 40 magnification of two 10 cm branches cut from each of the eight center plants from the center row of each plot. The soil type in the test area is an Ellington fine sandy loam and a spring soil analysis showed a pH of 5.6 and moderate fertility. The nursery is under a regular herbicide program and the test area was 95% weed-free throughout the 1979 growing season. Pre treatment counts indicated a large Fletcher scale population. To comply with quarantine regulations, Connecticut growers who ship their plants to other states strive for the lowest population levels possible in spite of the lack of injury caused by this insect at low or moderate levels. No plant injury was detect-able in the test area due to scale feeding.
Bermudagrass, Attempts At Fire Ant Suppression, Tifton, 1978
Authors: Marshall F. A. , Martin P. B.
Published: March 2022

There have been several reports of red imported fire ant suppression in pastures in south Georgia following fertilization with anhydrous ammonia (G. W. Burton personal communication, E. F. Suber personal communication). There-fore we tested this as a management tool for this controversial pasture insect. A predominently 'Coastal' bermudagrass hay pasture (ca. 4-8 in. high) growing in Tifton sandy loam soil with a considerable amount of bahiagrass and a moderate infestion of red imported fire ants was selected for the test. Treatments were applied with a Sutton System tractor-mounted anhydrous ammonia applicator by “kniving in” to a depth of ca. 8 in. at ca. 125 lb pressure and 5 mi/hr, or ap-plied with a galvanized metal bucket as 1 gal of solution that was poured over a 4 sq ft area with its center being the center of the mound. Ten mounds were used for each treatment. Mounds were checked before and after treatment for presence of an active colony by digging slightly into the mound. Mounds were flagged and a ca. 20 ft radius of the ground surface around each treated mound was inspected for presence of a new mound which indicated movement rather than effective mortality.
Pales and Northern Pine Weevil Control on Scotch Pine, Atwood, Pa., 1979
Authors: Bennett Lillle W. , Shetlar David J. , Heller Paul R.
Published: March 2022

A stand of 1.5 to 2 m Scotch pine Christmas trees was used for insecticide evaluation. The plantation was partially harvested in 1976 to 1978. Pretreatment weevil populations were noted on March 27'79 by inspecting for adults or stumps, trunk end pieces left from harvest, and in the duff. Pales and northern pine weevils were present and mating. A tree row with at least 7 new stumps (from trees cut the previous fall) was treated as one replicate within a block. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied on April 17. Four to six ounces of insecticide mixed with kerosene (except Sevln UCSF 1 in water) were applied to each stump with a compressed air sprayer. Temperature was 10° to 12°C with wind being 3mph. Stump treatments were evaluated on October 25. The stumps (4 each of 5 replicates) were stripped of bark to the first lateral root and the chip cocoons counted. Weevil cocoons were not differentiated as to species.
Pales and Northern Pine Weevil Control on Scots Pine, Carroll Co., Ohio, 1979
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

Two stands of Scots pine Christmas trees, one harvested and the other partially harvested in 1978, were used in evaluating efficacy of selected insecticides as stump treatments to control regeneration weevils. Four 5-stump replicates arranged in a randomized complete block design were treated April 19 at one plantation when ambient conditions were 60-70°F (I6-21°C) with a slight breeze. Stumps at the other plantation were treated May 4 using the aforementioned design when ambient conditions were 40-45°F (5-7°C), overcast, 10-15 mph wind. Hudson compression sprayers were used to apply ca. 180 ml finished spray to each stump. Stumps treated April 19 were inspected to first lateral root for chip cocoons Oct 11 and 16. Stumps at the other location were sampled in the aforementioned manner Oct 22 and 26. No attempt was made to distinguish chip cocoons of the two species of weevils.
Imported Fire Ant Control By Mound Drenches, 1979
Authors: Gardner Wayne A.
Published: March 2022

Three tests using mound drenchesof individual colonies established in Cecil clay soil were initiated on June l'79, June 6'79 and Oct 4'79. Control was evaluated I and 7 da after treatment. Colony survival was indicated by the presence of defensive workers or the appearance of newly constructed mounds nearby. Treatments were replicated 3 times with 3 mounds per replicate. Data were analyzed by the least squares method.
Evaluation of Antroban Baits for Control Of Adult Flies in Poultry Houses, 1979
Authors: Collison Clarence H. , Pitts Charles W. , Lemke Lisa A.
Published: March 2022

Two concentrations of Atroban (BW 21Z) sugar baits (permerhrin) were compared to commercial fly baits and sugar to determine speed of kill, initial attractancy, and overall efficacy of adult manure breeding flies
Evaluation of Insecticides for Residual House Fly Control, 1978
Authors: Williams Ralph E.
Published: March 2022

In this study Sectrol (microencapsulated pyrethrins - 1.1% cone), Penncapthrin (microencapsulated resmethrin), and Knox Out 2 FM (flowable microencapsulated Diazinon) were compared with Cygon (dimethoate) as residual treatments for house fly control on 30.5 cm X 30.5 cm X 0.6 cm masonite and plywood panels. Two replicate panels were sprayed with each treatment at a rate of 18.5 m /I. A sprayer equipped with a Teejet *8001 fan-pattern nozzle was used in making applications at 40 psi. Two untreated panels were used for comparison with treated panels. After spraying, all panels were hung in an open-sided barn for exposure to natural environmental conditions. Evaluation of treatments were made by exposing 10 3-day old laboratory reared house flies to each panel for 30 minutes and then, after removal, noting mortality at 24 hours. This bioassay was made at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks post-treatment. Data collected were statistically analyzed as a split plot in time with main units (oanels) in a randomized comolete block design and dates serving as subunits. Replications served as blocks. Standard errors associated with data were calculated. Treatment means were compared at each date using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (5% level).
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, 1979
Authors: Burts Everett
Published: March 2022

Three concentrations of Highway Plant Spray, a soap designed for washing ornamental plants, were applied with handguns as drenching sprays to 10-yr-old Bartlett and d'Anjou pear trees heavily infested with pear psylla nymphs. Plots were sprayed twice, on Jul 5 and 17. Each plot consisted of 4 single-tree replicates laid out in randomized blocks. Nymphs were counted on the top 5 leaves and the stem of 5 shoots collected at random from each tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test.
Citrus,

P

.

Abbreviatus

Ovicidal Tests, Plymouth, Florida, 1979
Authors: Sutton R. A. , Schroeder W. J.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-two insecticides, with no adjuvants, were evaluated for ovicidal activity against D. abbreviatus eggs. Each material was applied with a pressurized hand sprayer to runoff to citrus foliage containing attached 24-hr-old weevil eggs. The foliage was then maintained at 26.6°C with uncontrolled humidity. All treatments were replicated 5 times, and the controls were sprayed with water. After 10 days, the hatched neonate larvae were counted. Effectiveness was determined and computed on the basis of the number of eggs hatched in the control.
Texas Citrus Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Childers C. C. , Konsler B. A.
Published: March 2022

Experimental mificides were evaluated for efficacy against Texas citrus mite (TCM) in a randomized block design. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in single free plots on a 20 × 24 ft spacing (= 91 frees/acre). Tree height and canopy diameter varied between 4-6 ft and 2-4 ft, respectively. Spray was applied dilute to runoff with a handgun at 200 psi from a truck-mounted Myers sprayer. Approximately 5 gallons of finished spray were applied per tree. This was ca. 455 gallons per acre. Water pH was 6.3. Twenty leaves from the 1979 spring flush were picked at random around the outer canopy of each sample free at various time intervals before and after spraying. The entire surface area of each leaf was examined for motile spider mites and the count was recorded as one observation.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1979
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L.
Published: March 2022

'Early Jersey Wakefield' cabbage was transplanted on Mar 28, near Benson, NC. Single-row plots 20-ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 2-ft alleys between replications. One maintenance jpray combining Dipel and Lannate was made prior to start of test. Treatments were applied on a weekly schedule beginning May 15 and ending May 29 for a total of 3 applications. Dithane and Bravo 6R fungicides were applied on alternate spray dates. All sprays were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water/acre using a 2 . 5 gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow cone nozzle. Worm counts were made on 3 heads/plot on May 22 and Jun 5. Mature cabbage heads were harvested and worm damage evaluations were made on these days. Heads were described as undamaged if there was no evidence of feeding on the wrapper leaves and head. The number of plants infested with aphids was recorded.
Cabbage Looper Control on Head Lettuce with Bacillus and Pyretroids, 1978
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D.
Published: March 2022

Plots for this study were located on the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station. Soil type is Laveen Clay loam. Empire variety of lettuce (naked seed) was planted on Aug 25. Planting was with a vegetable sled on 40 inch wide beds, with 2 plant rows per bed. Seeding was in a dry seed bed and the planting was furrow irrigated, keeping the beds damp until germination occurred. Plants were thinned to 12 inch spacing on Sep 25. Plots were 4 (40 inch) beds wide × 25 ft long representing 0.007 acre. All treatments were replicated 4 times using a complete randomized block design. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized spray unit mounted on an International 284 tractor which treated 4 beds at one time. When the plants were small a single hollow cone nozzle was used/plant row. The system was operated at 60 psi, applying 35 gallons of spray mixture per acre. After the plants increased in size, 2 hollow cone nozzles/plant row were used. All insect counts were made from the middle 2 beds of each plot. Ten plants were examined and the number of cabbage looper eggs and larvae were recorded per plot. Yield data was taken from the middle 2 beds of each plot. The total number of plants in the two beds was recorded after which the mature heads were field graded according to #l 1/2, #2 and #2 1/2 sized heads. These numbers indicate the number of dozen heads that can be packed in a standard shipping carton.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1979
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Potato beetle larvae collected Jul 18 from potatoes in Grand Forks, North Dakota were used in laboratory tests of Gulf Products numbered insecticides. Insecticides were applied Jul 19 to 50-ft rows of potatoes at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN by using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer delivering 50 gal water/acre at ca 50 psi. Foliage was collected immediately after treatment and every second day thereafter to be fed to the larvae. Survival was checked every 24 hr. and only if there were no signs of life was a larva considered dead.
Foliar Sprays of Synthetic Pyrethroids and Numbered Chemicals for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, Test 10, 1978
Authors: Powell Donnie M.
Published: March 2022

'Russet Burbank potatoes were planted on Mar 30 in Rirzville silt loam soil (Mesic Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) at Yakima, WA. A high infestation of the second generation of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) adult and larvae were defoliating the plants by Aug 7, the time of insecticide application. The insecticides were applied as foliar sprays in 40 gal/acre with a 2-row portable boom CO2 hand sprayer. The plots were 2-rows wide (5.6 ft) and 25-ft long and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The number of live adults and larvae per rr/ of potato foliage per plot was counted on Aug 8 and 11 (1 and 4 days after treatment). Also, on Aug 8 the potato foliage between the 2 rows of each plot was separated and the number of dead and live adults and larvae per m* of soil surface plot was counted. Since both dead and live adults and larvae were on the soil and only live adults and larvae were on the plants, the percent mortalities were determined as follows: 1) percent mortality for adults or larvae on the soil based on number dead out of total number dead and live on soil; 2) percent mortality of adults or larvae based on number dead on soil out of total number on plants and soil; 3) percent mortality of CPB population based on number dead adults and larvae on soil out of total numbers of dead adults and larvae on plants and soil. The number of insects and the calculated percent mortality for each plot were subjected to analysis of variance using DMRT.
Foliar Sprays for Control of Green Peach Aphids, Tuber Flea Beetles and Colorado Potato Beetles, Test 31, 1979
Authors: Powell Donnie , Mondor W. T.
Published: March 2022

'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted Apr 4, in Naches soils {Mesic Aridic Calcic Argixerolls) at Wapato, Washington. On May 31, the insecticides were applied as foliar sprays in 40 gal/acre with a portable boom 2-row, CO2 hand sprayer. The plants were 8 to 10 inches high and each plot was 2 rows wide (5.6 ft) and 25 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from each plot Jun 5 and 12 and the number of green peach aphids (GPA) on the leaves was counted. The number of tuber flea beetle (TFB) feeding holes and the number of leaves with Colorado potato beetle (CPB) feeding damage were counted. On Jun 22 the number of CPB adults and larvae per plot and the number of plants 25% or more defoliated by CPB were counted. The potato plots were harvested Aug 29. Fifty tubers, or all tubers if there were less than 50/plot, were washed. Each tuber was weighed and examined for TFB injuries (runs) on Sep 5, 6 and 7. The total number of runs per plot and the number of runs/lOOOg of tuber weight were calculated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using Duncan's MRT.
Soil Treatment with Systemic Insecticide for Control of Green Peach Aphids and Colorado Potato Beetles, Test 2, 1978
Authors: Powell Donnie M. , Mondor W. T.
Published: March 2022

On Mar 30, 'Russet Burbank' potatoes seed pieces were planted at Yakima in open furrows in Ritzville silt loam soil (Mesic Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) with a pH of 6.2 and 1.6% organic matter. For the planting time (PT) application the granular insecticides were dribbled through a hand-held, funnel-type applicator into the furrow over the potato seed pieces and the seed pieces covered. On May 15, when about 75% of these plants had emerged, similar plants in another set of plots were side-dressed (SD) with granular insecticides in 1-inch (2.5 cm) bands, 4 inches (10.0 cm) to each side at approximate depth of seed with a tractor-mounted Gandy applicator. In another set of plots, granular insecticides were applied over the tops of the small plants (Top) in a 10-12 inch (25.4- 30.5 cm) wide band with a tractor-mounted Gandy applicator and the granules then mixed with the soil by using a Lllliston cultivator. Each plot was 2 rows wide, (5.6 ft or 1.7 m) and 50 ft (15.2 m) long and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The crop was sprinklerirrigated. The number of green peach aphids (GPA) on 20 compound potato leaves/plot was counted on May 30, Jun 8 and 20, and Jul 10. Colorado potato beetle (CPB) feeding damage, was evaluated by estimating the percent of plants damaged on Jun 12 and Jul 7. Also, on Jul 7, the number of CPB adults and larvae on 2 m2 of plant foliage (2 m long × 1 m wide between rows) and the number of dead adults and larvae on 2 m2 of soil between the rows were counted. The percent of foliage in each plot consumed by beetles was estimated on Aug 7 and the percent of plants destroyed by CPB were recorded on Aug 22. The data means were tested with analysis at variance by using Duncan's MRT at the 5% level.
Soil Treatments for Control of Green Peach Aphids, Tuber Flea Beetles and Colorado Potato Beetles, Test 3, 1979
Authors: Powell Donnie
Published: March 2022

'Russet Burbank' potato seed pieces were planted in open furrow on Apr 4, in Naches soils (Mesic Aridie Calcie Argixerolls) at Wapato, WA. The insecticide granules were dribbled in the furrow over the potato seed pieces with a hand-held, funnel-type applicator and the seed-pieces then covered with soil. Each plot was 2-rows wide (5.6 ft) and 25-ft long and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from each plot on May 23 and Jun 12 (49 and 69 days after treatment). The number of green peach aphids (GPA) on the leaves, the number of tuber flea beetle (TFB) feeding holes, and the number of leaves with Colorado potato beetle (CPB) feeding damage were counted. On Jun 22 (79 days after treatment) the number of CPB adults and larvae on the plants in each plot and the number of plants that were 25% or more defoliated by CPB were counted. The potatoes were harvested on Aug 29. Fifty tubers, or all of the tubers if there were less than 50/plot, were washed. Each tuber was weighed and the number of TFB injuries (runs) per tuber were counted on Sep 5, 6 and 7. The total number of runs per plot and the number of runs/1000g of tuber weight were calculated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance with Duncan's MRT.
Diamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm, and Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage, 1982:
Authors: Shelton A. H. , Wilsey W. T.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was transplanted Jul 2 at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows, each with 36-inch centers and 16-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom operating at 60 psi and delivering 31 gal/acre with 3 nozzles/row was used to apply a single application to each trial. Agway sticker-spreader (2.5 ml/gal) was added to all treatments except Mavrik. Treatments were applied Sep 30. Evaluations were made from Oct 5-6 by randomly selecting 3 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting the above mentioned species. Infestations were considered moderate.