bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pandangan Hukum Islam Terhadap Cerai Gugat pada Usia Dini Pernikahan di Pengadilan Agama Maninjau
Authors: Ridha Muhammad , Deliana Deliana , Hasibuan Pendi
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor terjadinya cerai gugat pada usia dini pernikahan di Pengadilan Agama Maninjau serta analisis hukum islam terhadap cerai gugat pada usia dini pernikahan. Pembahasan ini dilatar belakangi karena pada masa pademi covid-19 banyak terjadi cerai gugat pada usia dini pernikahan di PA Maninau yang dilakukan oleh pasangan yang menikah pada usia menikah yang ditentukan Undang-Undang Perkawinan No. 16 Tahun 2019, yakni laki-laki dan perempuan berusia 19 tahun. Jenis penelitian artikel ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan mengolah data secara kualitatif. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan disimpulkan beberapa faktor terjadinya cerai gugat pada usia dini pernikahan pada masa pandemi covid-19 di Pengadilan Agama Maninjau adalah karena pasangan kurang bisa memaknai arti dari sebuah pernikahan, tidak sabar dan mengalah, komunikasi antara suami isteri kurang intens, pendidikan, nafkah, ditinggal suami, suami tempramental, suami dipenjara dan gangguan pihak ketiga. Cerai gugat pada usia dini pernikahan tidak bertentangan dengan syari’at islam demi mencegah “kemudharatan” antara suami isteri yang terjadi apabila pernikahan tetap dipertahankan.

This article discusses the factors of contested divorce at an early age of marriage at the Maninjau Religious Court as well as an analysis of Islamic law on contested divorce at an early age of marriage. This discussion is motivated by the fact that during the Covid-19 pandemic there were many contested divorces at an early age, marriages in PA Maninau were carried out by couples who married at the age determined by Marriage Law No. 16 of 2019, namely boys and girls aged 19 years. The type of research in this article is field research by processing data qualitatively. From the research conducted, it was concluded that several factors led to divorce at an early age of marriage during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Maninjau Religious Court, namely because the couple was unable to interpret the meaning of marriage, was impatient and gave in, communication between husband and wife was less intense, education, livelihood, left by husband, temperamental husband, husband imprisoned and third party interference. Divorce at an early age of marriage does not conflict with Islamic law in order to prevent "harm" between husband and wife that occurs if the marriage is maintained
Strategi dalam Menajaga Ketahanan Keluarga Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Candung, Kabupaten Agam Propinsi Sumatera Barat)
Authors: Daipon Dahyul , Khair Abul
Published: January 2024

The title of this research is "The Efforts of a Husband and Wife with Disabilities in Forming a Sakinah Family (Case Study in Cdung District, Agam Regency)." The author, Abul Khair, discusses the sakinah family, which includes understanding each other, exercising rights and obligations, providing peace, love and happiness among family members. This study aims to determine the efforts of married couples with disabilities in creating a sakinah family. The research method used was field research in Cdung District, Agam Regency, with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that five couples with disabilities succeeded in creating a sakinah family. In forming a sakinah family, several important factors were found, including compatibility between husband and wife, partnership, complementing each other's weaknesses, accepting each other's strengths and weaknesses, supporting each other, and carrying out God's commands. Even though they have physical limitations, marriages between people with disabilities bring the same spirit of struggle in building a family life. This encourages married couples with disabilities to create a sakinah family, because they feel that they have physical equality and equality in deficiencies, thus proving that harmony in a marriage does not depend on physical conditions, can be one word or compound words.

 
Pengaruh Penambahan Curcuma mangga dan Lama Penyimpanan terhadap Kerusakan Daging Ayam Kampung
Authors: Ilyasa Mohammad , Pujimulyani Dwiyati , Tamaroh Siti
Published: January 2024

Daging ayam adalah bahan hewani yang disukai masyarakat, namun aktivitas antimikrobia membuat bahan ini bersifat perishable. Daging ayam agar awet dapat disimpan dalam bentuk beku, tetapi proses thawing membutuhkan waktu cukup lama. Temu mangga (Curcuma mangga Val.) bersifat antibakteri dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sehingga dapat memperpanjang umur simpan suatu bahan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan bubur atau filtrat temu mangga terhadap kerusakan daging ayam kampung selama penyimpanan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian adalah kontrol daging ayam segar (K), daging ayam dengan penambahan bubur temu mangga (DBT) dan daging ayam dengan penambahan filtrat temu mangga (DFT) dengan lama penyimpan 0, 3, 6, dan 9 hari. Parameter pengujian berupa kadar air, kadar protein, angka lempeng total, cemaran salmonella, warna dan pH. Daging ayam kampung dengan penambahan filtrat temu mangga yang disimpan selama 3 hari menunjukkan angka lempeng total sesuai SNI, cemaran salmonella negatif dan lightness serta pH tidak berbeda secara nyata dengan kontrol. Hasil terbaik adalah lama penyimpanan daging ayam kampung dengan penambahan filtrat kunir putih 3 hari.
Effects of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum Linn.) Meal on Feed Efficiency and Immunity of Tropical Chickens
Authors: Utami Merry Muspita Dyah , Pantaya Dadik , Agus Ali
Published: January 2024

Exploring the advantages of medicinal plants encourages research on the effectiveness of medicinal plants as a substitute for antibiotics to stimulate metabolism and immunity and improve the performance and productivity of tropical chickens. This research was conducted to determine the feed efficiency and immunity of tropical chickens fed a basal diet substituted with varying amounts of garlic extract (GE). This study utilized 150 chickens that were grouped into five treatments. Each treatment had three replicates, and each replicate consisted of 10 chickens. The treatment was GE0 = control diet, GE2 = basal diet + GE 2%, GE4 = basal diet + GE 4%, GE6 = basal diet + GE 6%, and GE8 = basal diet + GE 8%. The results showed that adding garlic extract positively affected this research, indicating that garlic extract might improve the feed efficiency and immunity of tropical chickens.
Assessment and Experimental Procedure Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Rat Model: A Review
Authors: Kurniawati Erna Yovi , Pramono Noor , Hidayat Syarief Thaufik , Mahati Endang
Published: January 2024

A complicated endocrine condition that affects many women worldwide is called polycystic ovarian syndrome, or PCOS. The use of rat models has greatly aided research on many facets of PCOS. In addition to discussing the parameters, evaluation techniques, and indicators pertinent to PCOS research, this study evaluates the standard circumstances of PCOS rat models. Our knowledge of PCOS has improved due to investigating endocrine, hormonal, inflammatory, oxidative stress, metabolic, genetic, and microbiota-related factors in these models. The results highlight how important it is to use PCOS rat models to understand the complexities of this illness and offer possible treatment avenues.
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD): Etiology, Pathogenesis, Prevention and Control in Even or Split Hoofed Livestock
Authors: Sukoco Hendro , Wahyuni Sri , Utami Sri , Cahyani Annisa Putri , Andanawari Suci , Siswanto Ferbian Milas
Published: January 2024

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) was first reported in 1987 in Malang, East Java, caused by imported dairy cattle from the Netherlands. After 36 years of FMD freedom, the disease was re-introduced on 5 May 2022 in East Java. The disease is caused by a virus of the genus Aphthovirus of the Picornaviridae family, which affects even-toed or split-hoofed livestock, both wild and domesticated. Transmission of FMD virus from sick animals to other susceptible animals can occur directly and indirectly. FMD virus can be transmitted rapidly, entering the animal's body directly through the mouth or nose and replicating in epithelial cells in the nasopharyngeal area, then entering the blood (viremia), then multiplying in lymphoglandular glands and epithelial cells in the mouth and footpads resulting in vesicle lesions and blisters. Animals or livestock infected with FMD will show clinical symptoms such as fever up to 41oC, the formation of vesicles or blisters on the mouth, gums, tongue, nipples, and skin around the hooves, hypersalivation, weight loss, and livestock production. Handling and controlling FMD in livestock or animals can be done by isolating and quarantining sick animals, vaccination programs, biosecurity measures in animal husbandry, monitoring livestock traffic, and conducting surveillance.
Tarihi Çevrede Yeni Tasarım Yaklaşımlarının Tarsus Gözlükule Kazıları Araştırma Merkezi Örneği Üzerinden İncelenmesi
Authors: SOYUPAK Sena , CARDAK Fatma Seda
Published: January 2024

Kentlerin tarih boyunca geçirdikleri değişimlerin izlerini taşıyan tarihi çevreler, barındırdıkları somut ve soyut değerlerle kültür hatırlatıcısı rolünü üstlenmişlerdir. İnşa edildiği dönemin yapı malzemesini, yapım tekniğini, estetik anlayışını, sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik, sosyolojik özelliklerini yansıtan yapılar kaçınılmaz olarak zamandan etkilenerek değişime uyum sağlayabildikleri ölçüde yaşamlarına devam edebilmişlerdir. Günümüz ihtiyaçlarına cevap verecek şekilde yeniden işlevlendirilip gündelik yaşam içine kazandırılan kültür miraslarının restorasyon uygulamalarında karşılaşılan temel sorunlarından birinin ‘yeninin mevcut dokuya nasıl uyumlanacağı, eski-yeni ilişkisinin nasıl kurulacağı’ olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Tarihi çevrede yeni yapı / ek konusunda mimari tasarım yaklaşımları araştırılmış konuyla ilgili farklı araştırmacılar tarafından belirlenmiş kuramsal tasarım yaklaşımları aktarılmış,1931 yılından günümüze kadar yayınlanan uluslararası ilkeler, standartlar, tüzükler ve bildirgeler derlenmiştir. Çalışma alanı olarak Mersin İli Tarsus İlçesi Cumhuriyet Mahallesi, 3. derece arkeolojik sit alanı içinde yer alan eski Çırçır Fabrikası yeni adıyla Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Gözlükule Kazıları Araştırma Merkezi seçilmiştir. Yapı kompleksi restorasyon sırasında alınan müdahale kararlarıyla, mimari tasarım kriterleriyle ve zaman içinde Tarsus kentinde yaşanan sosyal, ekonomik değişimlerin yapıya olan etkileriyle birlikte incelenerek araştırma tasarımı kurgulanmıştır. Söz konusu yapının tarihi çevrede yeni yapı tasarım yaklaşımlarından benzeşen-benzeşme ve nötr yöntemlerinin kullanılmasıyla restorasyonunun tamamlandığı sonucuna varılmış ve yapının kentliyle daha güçlü ilişki kurması için öneriler sunulmuştur.
Effects of implicit perceptual training and cognitive aptitude on the perception and production of non-native contrasts
Authors: Correia Susana , Rato Anabela Alves dos Santos , Fernandes João Dinis , Ge Yuxin , Kachlicka Magdalena , Saito Kazuya , Rebuschat Patrick
Published: January 2024

Research on L2 speech learning suggests that implicit perception training can lead to the establishment of non-native phonological categories. The present study contributes to this line of enquiry by investigating how training is mediated by individual differences (ID) in domain-general auditory processing abilities and working memory. In our study, 130 native British English speakers without prior knowledge of Portuguese were randomly assigned to trained or untrained conditions. All participants were tested on ID with a digit span task and an auditory processing test battery. We observed improvements from pre-test to post-test in production only, but since both groups improved, these gains cannot be attributed to the implicit perception training. The analysis of the ID measures further confirms the important role played by auditory processing abilities in L2 speech learning. However, more research is required to better understand the role of implicit phonetic training and the mediating role of cognitive aptitudes.
Gender Ambiguous Voices and Social Disfluency
Authors: Mohsenin Shahryar , Munz Kurt
Published: January 2024

Recently, gender-ambiguous (non-binary) voices have been added to voice assistants to combat gender stereotypes and foster inclusion. However, if people react negatively to such voices, these laudable efforts may be counterproductive. In five preregistered studies (N = 3,684) we find that people do react negatively, rating products described by narrators with gender-ambiguous voices less favorably than when they are described by clearly male or female narrators. The voices create a feeling of unease, what we call social disfluency, that affects evaluations of the products being described. These effects are best explained by low familiarity with voices that sound ambiguous. Thus, initial negative reactions can be overcome with more exposure.
The effect of customer satisfaction and its antecedents on customer citizenship behavior in airlines: A cross-cultural comparison [Havayolu işletmelerinde müşteri memnuniyeti ve öncüllerinin müşteri vatandaşlığı davranışı üzerine etkisi: Kültürlerarası bir karşılaştırma]
Authors: Bakır Mahmut
Published: January 2024

Customer citizenship behavior, which expresses actions that add value to the business, such as providing feedback to the firms, tolerating disruptions, and helping other customers, is vital in improving the service experience in the airline industry, where services are provided collectively and in a shared environment. In this regard, the topic of how to encourage consumers to engage in customer citizenship behaviors in the airline industry must be highlighted.This thesis research aims to investigate the effect of customer satisfaction and its antecedents on customer citizenship behavior in the airline industry. In this regard, service quality and value for money were used as the antecedents of customer satisfaction based on the Expectation Confirmation Theory. The dimensions of feedback, advocacy, helping, and tolerance were used to operationalize the customer citizenship behavior. In addition, Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory is also incorporated into the conceptual model, as the antecedents of customer citizenship behaviors may vary across national cultures. In doing so, data were collected from Turkish and British airline consumers representing different national cultures, based on a quantitative research design using the survey technique. The web-based questionnaire yielded 420 valid responses from British airline customers and 323 valid responses from Turkish airline customers. Using the 5,000 bootstrapped resampling technique via partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), a significant effect of service quality and value for money on customer satisfaction was observed for both samples. In addition, customer satisfaction significantly predicts customer citizenship behaviors, namely feedback, advocacy, helping, and tolerance. Then, the permutation test and Henseler’s multigroup analysis were applied to the conceptual model to test whether the hypothesized relationships differs significantly between Turkish and British samples. Accordingly, the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction and the effect of customer satisfaction on advocacy and helping behaviors differ significantly.
FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL EMBARAZO ADOLESCENTE EN UNA POBLACIÓN URBANO MARGINAL DE LA CIUDAD DE LOJA
Authors: González Saraguro Silvana de los Ángeles , Luna Torres Betty María , Martínez Reategui Samantha Lizbeth , González Zhamungui Kathia Denise , Quito Cabrera María Mercedes
Published: January 2024

Introducción: El embarazo adolescente es considerado mundialmente un problema de salud pública, debido a la exposición de las adolescentes a factores de riesgo a nivel personal, familiar y socioeconómico durante su desarrollo. Objetivo: fue determinar los factores asociados al embarazo en adolescentes de los establecimientos de salud urbano marginales de la ciudad de Loja. Métodos: Estudio analítico de casos y controles con adolescentes de 10 a 19 años (38 casos y 76 controles) dentro de la cobertura de los servicios de salud. Se utilizó la “Ficha de recolección de datos para casos y controles”; con los datos obtenidos se aplicó la medida estadística Odds Ratio (OR) y corrección de continuidad para establecer el valor de significancia. Resultados: Se determinó que el 91,7% de las embarazadas se encuentran en la adolescencia tardía, con grado de instrucción secundaria 79,2%. Respecto a los factores personales y socioeconómicos, al tener el valor de significancia > 0,05, no asumen relación significativa para presentar un embarazo, no existió riesgo para un embarazo a temprana edad, debido a su valor de significancia >0,05. Al analizar el factor familiar, se determinó que el indicador de comunicación intrafamiliar se establece como factor protector por su valor de significancia (p<0,05 y OR:0,43). Conclusiones: Estadísticamente no existen factores de riesgo tanto personales, familiares y socioeconómicos que conlleven a un embarazo adolescente, sin embargo, se identificó como factor protector a la comunicación intrafamiliar.
VIOLENCIA EN EL NOVIAZGO Y FUNCIONALIDAD FAMILIAR: UNA MIRADA DESDE LA VICTIMIZACIÓN Y PERPETRACIÓN
Authors: Peñarreta Méndez Edison Leonel , Vuele Duma Diana Maricela
Published: January 2024

Introducción: La violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo se considera un problema de gran impacto en la sociedad y el inadecuado funcionamiento familiar puede tornar vulnerables a sus miembros, por tanto, convertirlos en víctimas o victimarios. Objetivo: Relacionar la violencia en el noviazgo y la funcionalidad familiar en estudiantes universitarios, desde la victimización y la perpetración. Métodos: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de alcance correlacional y de corte transversal, participaron 47 estudiantes de enfermería, mediante los instrumentos: perpetración y victimización en el noviazgo y Apgar familiar, ambos presentan validez y confiabilidad. Resultados: El 72,3% se encuentran en edades comprendidas entre 18 y 22 años, el 62,1% son mujeres, el 19,1% pertenecen al tercer ciclo de estudios de la carrera, el 78,6% viven en la zona urbana, y el 76,6% pertenecen a familias nucleares. Con respecto a la violencia en el noviazgo, la dimensión que evidencia mayor porcentaje desde la victimización fue la coerción con un 51,1% en la alternativa “a veces”; mientras que, desde la perpetración, el 48% en desapego, fue la dimensión preferida en la alternativa “a veces”.  Conclusiones: No existe relación significativa desde la dinámica victimización y perpetración sobre violencia en el noviazgo y funcionalidad familiar en los estudiantes.
EXPERIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR INTERCULTURAL EN AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Guanoluisa Tenemaza Gladys Elizabeth , Bedoya Paucar Mariela del Pilar , Neto Villagómez Diana Yessenia , Terrero Vásquez Julio César
Published: January 2024

Introducción: El tema de la educación superior intercultural ha ganado presencia en los espacios académicos, políticos, comunitarios  y gubernamentales de América Latina. Distintos esfuerzos vienen confluyendo de cierto modo para que en estos momentos se plantee la interculturalización de la educación superior, como un deber de los estados, una obligación de la universidad y un desafío inmediato en la sociedad  Objetivo: Analizar las experiencias de la educación superior intercultural en América Latina. Métodos: Se parte de una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura publicada en bases de datos, atendiendo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión elegidos. Una vez realizada la búsqueda en las bases datos correspondientes, fueron seleccionados 32 trabajos relacionados con el objetivo de la investigación. Resultados: Las  experiencias de educación superior intercultural en los países latinoamericanos han contribuido  de alguna manera a mejorar las posibilidades de acceso y formación profesional de los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes. Sin embargo, el principal problema que enfrentan estas instituciones sigue siendo la centralidad que se da a la razón occidental en las instituciones de educación superior convencionales, privilegiando al conocimiento occidental como única forma de construir un mapa natural del mundo Conclusiones: La experiencia en la región se caracteriza por la implementación de la interculturalidad relacional, es decir, aquella que se  inscribe en la forma más básica y general en el contacto e intercambio entre culturas, esto implica, una interrelación entre personas, pero también en prácticas, saberes, valores y tradiciones culturales que difieren, tanto en condiciones de igualdad o desigualdades.
Assessment of Landslide: A five decade impact study on human life in the Koshi Province
Authors: Raya Balaram
Published: January 2024

Koshi province covers about 82 %of hills and mountain region. Rugged and fragile geomorphology is our landform’s characteristics with various reasons like rock structure, slope, rainfall and unplanned settlement as well as developmental intervention. Geological, morphological, human and physical causes are common factors to trigger the vulnerability. This study has found that 990 human lives have lost and around 107,259 people have affected during 1971- 2020 in the Koshi province of Nepal.  Likewise, the maximum number of deaths was 114 people in 2002 and the minimum deaths were 1 person in 1987 during same period. Out of 14 district, four districts have been identified very extremely vulnerable which include Taplejung, Khotang, Okhaldhunga and Sangkhuwasabha, while other four districts Bhojpur, Solukhumbu, Ilam and Panchther are extremely vulnerable districts in terms of landslide hazard. In addition, the analysis of number of human deaths caused by landslide shows that the impact of human life and properties has been fluctuating in each decade over the fifty years. There was high vulnerability of human life in the decades of 1990s and 2000s. In order to reduce the landslide risk in the surroundings of mountain people and their environment, preparedness of adaptation measures should be considered in the future.
Pros and Cons of Semester System Program under the faculty of education TU
Authors: Rayamajhi Om Bahhadur
Published: January 2024

This article deals with the pros and cons of the Semester System Program under the Faculty of Education, Tribhuvan University, Nepal. This study has sought to understand and analyze students’ perception towards semester system taking a case of the Faculty of Education related campuses with regard to (a) academic resources, (b) physical resources, (c) governance and image, and (d) overall perception of students and teachers. It followed descriptive research design using questionnaire survey instrument, sematic-chart and check lists. Only one constituent campus was selected in Kathmandu through purposive under non-probability sampling procedure for this study. 

From this study, it was found that the semester system is better than annual system in terms use of better teaching equipment, efficiency of teachers and students’ performance and results. But in semester system, students’ participation in teaching learning activities has increased, they have improved skills in using electronic tools and presenting skills. Even teachers’ knowledge in using software improved. Although most of the classes under semester system were better equipped, they still lack required equipment and even skilled teachers. Similarly, the campuses running semester system were found facing shortage of budget for the sustainability of the programme. As it was taking months to publish results, it needs correction so that the students get their exam results in time.

Moreover, the academic calendar was not followed duly. Likewise, those students who did not meet 80 per cent attendance were also allowed to fill up exam forms and this tendency culminated in poor results and lack of disciplined not only among students but the whole system. Unless these shortcomings are corrected, the semester cannot be effective as was expected during its introduction in 2016.
भाषा शिक्षणमा सूचना प्रविधि प्रयोग
Authors: न्यौपाने Neupane ताराप्रसाद Tara Prasad
Published: January 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख नेपाली भाषा शिक्षणमा सूचना प्रविधिको प्रयोगसँग सम्बन्धित रहेको छ । यस लेखका उद्देश्य सूचना प्रविधिको परिचय दिनु, भाया शिक्षणमा यसको प्रयोगको महत्व दर्शाउनु, यसका उपयोगिता तथा प्रयोग तरिका अनुरेखाङ्कन गर्नु रहेको छन् । प्रस्तुत लेखमा गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचाको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा मूलतः पुस्तकालयीय स्रोतबाट सामग्रीहरु सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । यसमा वर्णनात्मक अनुसन्धान विधि अपनाई प्राप्त सामग्रीहरुको व्याख्या तथा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसबाट सबै विद्यालयमा विद्युतको पहुँच पुर्याउने, इन्टरनेटको पहुँच सबैतिर विस्तार गर्ने, व्यवस्थित कम्प्युटर प्रयोगशालाको निर्माण गर्ने, शिक्षकलाई प्रविधि प्रयोग सम्बन्धी पर्याप्त तालिम दिने, शिक्षकले प्रविधि प्रयोग गर्न सक्ने गरी कार्य प्रारम्भ गर्ने जस्ता कार्य गर्दा यसको प्रयोगगत प्रभावकारिता बढ्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखले सम्बन्धित क्षेत्रमा अध्ययन, अनुसन्धान गर्न चाहने तथा यस विषय क्षेत्रप्रति रुचि राख्ने सरोकारवाला सम्पूर्णमा अपेक्षित सहयोग पु¥याउने विश्वास गरिएको छ ।
River channel dynamics and flooding: A case of motorable bridge collapse due to abrupt flood in Chhabdi Khola, Tanahun, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Madhav , Bhandari Bharat
Published: January 2024

The monsoon season in Nepal brings calamitous events like riverbank erosion, toe cutting, and the structural failure of bridges due to floods. In July 2021, a motorable bridge in Bhadgaun, Tanahun district, Nepal, collapsed during a massive flood in Chhabdi Khola. The study aims to comprehensively document the aftermath, specifically focusing on the causal factors that led to the damage of the Chhabdi Khola Dovan Bridge. The study delves into an in-depth analysis of the stream's channel morphology, with the 5.85 kilometers Chhabdi Khola partitioned into 28 distinct segments, each spanning approximately 200 meters. These segments, sequentially labeled from Site 1 to Site 28, encompass the area extending from the upstream at Chhabdi Barah temple to the downstream at bridge’s location. Rigorous measurements of length, breadth, and depth at each site form the basis for volumetric assessments of the stream. The study revolves around contrasting paleo channel attributes with contemporary alterations within the Chhabdi Khola catchment. The analysis leverages precipitation data sourced from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) to discern precipitation trends within the Chhabdi Khola catchment area. The hydrographic data underwent trend analysis utilizing Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope method through R software (version 4.3.2). The collapse of the Chhabdi Khola Dovan Bridge resulted from intense water flow and debris due to heavy rainfall and a narrow outlet near the bridge, impacting the local population and land users facing the enduring aftermath of a catastrophic monsoon event. The study highlights the significance of understanding river dynamics in small streams and advocates for proactive disaster preparedness measures, even in seemingly small river channels.
Unveiling the Tapestry of Learning: Exploring the Pedagogical Landscape for Transversal and Academic Competencies through the Lived Experiences of School Teachers and Students
Authors: Sigdel Surya , Acharya Bisna
Published: January 2024

This research investigates the pedagogical approaches employed for the development of transversal and academic competencies based on the lived experiences of students and teachers. Despite the presence of qualified educators in educational activities, schools face numerous challenges in fully realizing the potential of students. In the context of developing nations like Nepal, schools and teachers encounter unpreparedness in facilitating activities geared towards enhancing students' academic and transversal competencies. Despite teachers' expressed commitment in workshops to adopt student-centered methods, conventional lecture-based approaches persist due to the impact of high-stakes testing. The absence of clear guidelines and motivation further contributes to the prioritization of traditional testing over competency-based education. Furthermore, inadequate facilities and an unsupportive environment hinder the implementation of practice-based education in schools. Recognizing that students excel when engaged in enjoyable activities, it is imperative to align educational activities with learners' needs and interests while progressing towards predefined objectives. This study advocates for a blended management model, incorporating both top-down and bottom-up approaches, to encourage teachers in adopting student-centered methods, thereby playing a pivotal role in nurturing both academic and transversal competencies. Given that both teachers and students tend to prioritize aspects that align with assessment criteria, evaluating assessments covering both competencies become crucial for a comprehensive understanding of their educational progress.
Assessment of Environmental Pollution in Mahadev Khola, Tarakeshwor Municipality
Authors: Adhikari Pratima
Published: January 2024

One of the Small tributaries of the Bishnumati River is Mahadev Khola.  It originates from Ale Danda, and downstream, it gets mixed with the Bishnumati River flowing from Tokha. It is 8.9 km in length and its elevation is 2000. The river's physio-chemical and biological characteristics were analyzed to know the river's pollution status. Primary data were collected from field observation and water sample analysis tests, and the secondary data were collected from the Tarkeshwor Municipality. Data analysis was done through MS-Excel. pH, ammonia, phosphate, chloride, hardness, iron, BOD5, and conductivity increase from upstream to downstream, whereas DO decreases. Temperature, turbidity, TS, TSS, and TDS were higher at the middle point than the other two, and coliform was found in the middle and exit points. Among the three segments of the river, the quality of the source point was good in terms of standards for drinking water. The middle and exit points were in medium and lousy condition, respectively.The principal causes of deteriorating water quality in Mahadev Khola are mainly the free and direct discharges of household and industrial wastes into the river and excessive mining of sand from the river bed. Since the quality of the river is deteriorating day by day, it’s the responsibility of the local government and the people to take immediate action for its conservation.
Scrutinizing the Bachelor Level Students’ Understanding of Forgiveness
Authors: Sharma Lok Raj , Aryal Umesh , Koirala Rabin , Sanjel Govind Prasad , Upreti Uttam Prasad
Published: January 2024

Forgiveness, defined as a deliberate and voluntary act to release oneself from resentment, grievances and the urge for revenge, plays a prominent role in promoting compassion, harmony, and peace. Despite its profound prominence, different people retain a different understanding of its existence. The key objective of this article is to scrutinize the understanding of forgiveness among the bachelor level students enrolled in the faculties of Education and Management at Makawanpur Multiple Campus in Hetauda, Nepal during the academic year 2022-2023. Employing a cross-sectional survey research design, 329 students were randomly gleaned from a pool of 2240 by maintaining a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. The respondents were selected using computer-generated random numbers. Primary data were collected through close-ended questions regarding the students' understanding of forgiveness, while secondary data were compiled from extensive reviews of books, journal articles, and website documents spanning the years 1978 to 2013. The findings based on frequency and percent statistics reveal that 170 students (51.7%) perceived forgiveness as a strength, whereas 159 students (48.3%) regarded it as a weakness. Chi-square test shows that there was no significant association between gender and the students’ understanding of forgiveness (χ² = 1.6, df=1, p > .05), whereas there was a significant association between faculty and the students’ understanding of forgiveness (χ² = 55.755, df= 1, p < .05). The practical implication of this article lies in underscoring the need for targeted educational interventions and curriculum enhancements aimed at promoting a deeper comprehension of forgiveness among students for enhancing human relationships and reducing negative emotions.
Concepts and Measures of Outreach and Sustainability in Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Ghising Tilak
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the ideas of outreach and sustainability in South Asian Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), assessing their effectiveness in reaching financially disadvantaged individuals. The literature review emphasizes MFIs' social goals and the need for a comprehensive impact assessment. The study, utilizing a mixed-method approach, conducts a descriptive survey with 400 respondents in Madhesh Pradesh, Nepal, employing statistical tools like SPSS and Excel. Findings reveal varied perspectives on MFIs' positive effects on education, income, and community dynamics. The assessment of outreach efforts considers mission alignment, geographical scope, and collateral requirements, showing a moderate alignment, broad reach, and moderate collateral needs. The study highlights the intricate role of MFIs in addressing socio-economic challenges, emphasizing the necessity for nuanced understanding in the microfinance sector.
Assessing the Influence of Financial Literacy and Economic Independence on Investment Decisions
Authors: Khadka Ajaya Kumar
Published: January 2024

This study examines the variables influencing individual investors' decisions to make investments in the fast-paced financial landscape of Nepal. Two main goals were investigated: first, the relationship between financial literacy, investment decisions, and economic independence was explored; second, the effects of these aspects were examined in detail. The results show a robust positive association between financial literacy and wise decision-making, as well as between investment decisions and economic independence. Its importance was highlighted when it was found that economic independence strongly predicted investment decisions. Furthermore, financial literacy was shown to be an essential aspect impacting investing preferences. These findings underscore the significance of financial education and empowerment for individual investors in Nepal. Prospective avenues for investigation comprise delving into cultural impacts, evaluating the effectiveness of financial literacy initiatives, and examining the effects of nascent FinTech platforms on investing choices. This research adds to our understanding of the dynamics of investments in Nepal's changing financial system and provides valuable information for policymakers and investors.
Pendampingan Pemanfaatan Stiker Viral untuk Membuat Komik Guna Meningkatkan Literasi Produktif Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Purnanto Arif Wiyat , Pratama Febrian Arif , Fitria Savira Ananda , Andini Puput , Hurairah Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Sidorejo 1 Elementary School was the only elementary school in Surakan Hamlet, Sidorejo Village, Tegalrejo District, Magelang Regency. This school had become one of the community's mainstay schools because of its strategic location and easy accessibility. Despite having garnered high trust from the community, this school faced several obstacles. One of the main problems was related to facilities and infrastructure. Based on data obtained from the website Sekolah.data.kemdikbud.go.id, many of the facilities and infrastructure at SD Negeri Sidorejo 1 were in poor condition. Of the six classrooms, 3 classrooms were slightly damaged, 2 classrooms were moderately damaged, and 1 classroom was heavily damaged. Other facilities also experienced similar issues. The library suffered moderate damage, the science laboratory suffered heavy damage, and the sanitation facilities for teachers and students suffered light and severe damage. The aim of the service was to overcome student literacy problems at SD Negeri Sidorejo 1 Tegalrejo, Magelang district. The focus of literacy that was targeted for improvement was productive literacy. The method used was Participatory Rural Appraisal involving teachers and students at the school. The results showed that teachers had been socialized regarding productive literacy. Meanwhile, students had successfully completed a comic creation project using viral stickers. It was hoped that in the future, students could further develop the use of viral stickers to produce other productive literacies.
Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengatasi problem literasi siswa di SD Negeri Sidorejo 1 Tegalrejo kabupaten Magelang. Fokus literasi yang ingin ditingkatkan yaitu literasi produktif. Metode yang  digunakan  adalah Participatory  Rural Appraisal dengan melibatkan guru dan siswa di sekolah tersebut. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa guru telah tersosialisasi terkait literasi produktif. Sedangkan siswa sudah sudah berhasil menyelesaikan proyek penyusunan komik dengan memanfaatkan stiker viral. Harapan kedepan siswa dapat lebih mengembangkan pemanfaan stiker viral untuk menghasilkan literasi-literasi produktif lainnya.
Secondary pseudotumor cerebri in the pediatric population: clinical features, treatment, and prognosis
Authors: GÜNGÖR Olcay , ÜN Emine , PARÇA Osman , KIPCAK Beste
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTSC) is characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) without intracranial mass, hydrocephalus, or abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid composition. In secondary PTSC (sPTSC), there is a reason that increases the CSF pressure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of pediatric patients diagnosed with secondary PTC.

Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in a single-center tertiary pediatric hospital. We included patients aged 1-17 years who were diagnosed with sPTSC in a tertiary hospital between 2018 and 2023 and met the current diagnostic criteria for PTSC. We evaluated the complaints, etiology, ophthalmological evaluations, and treatment results of the cases.

Results: Seventeen patients with a diagnosis of PTCS were included in the study. The mean age was 9.82(±4.6). Of the patients, 9(56.2%) were male and 8(43.7%) were female. The most common symptoms were headache in 10 patients(62.5%), nausea/vomiting in 6 patients(37.5%), and double vision in 5 patients(31.2%). All patients had papilledema and 7(43.7%) patients had sixth nerve palsy. Recurrence was observed in 3(16%) patients. Optic nerve fenestration was performed in three patients as a second-line treatment.

Conclusion: In cases that do not respond to medical treatment, optic nerve sheath fenestration may be a good treatment option.

Keywords: optic nerve, child, pseudotumor cerebri
Reproductive Biology of Bali Sardines, Sardinella lemuru (Bleeker, 1853), in Tayabas Bay, Quezon, Philippines
Authors: Ramos Maribeth , Roque Princess Marie Alynagen
Published: January 2024

Fish reproductive biology plays a vital role in fishery management, an essential biological tool that would serve as a basis for formulating policies. In this study, 3,678 Sardinella lemuru were sampled to determine its reproductive biology characteristics from January 2014 to December 2016 at Tayabas Bay, Quezon. Fish samples were dissected, and the sex was determined based on the macroscopic features of the gonads. The results showed length sizes ranging from 6.5 cm to 19.6 cm TL. The sex ratio was significantly different from the expected 1:1 distribution. The fish's length and weight indicate allometric growth in both sexes. The length at first capture was 15 cm for females and 14.75 cm for males, which was lower than the length at first maturity of 15.89 cm. The spawning season occurred in the fourth to first quarter from 2014 to 2016, specifically from November to February. In February, the number of mature and spawning fishes increased in number and reached a peak. Likewise, the spawning and recruitment of S. lemuru did not vary from other locations like the Sulu Sea and Moro Gulf, which has a spawning period from October to December and December to January in Bali, Indonesia. The computed spawning potential ratio is 24%, near the Limit Reference Point (LRP), indicating that management measures should be directed toward the sustainability of the S. lemuru and its productivity in Tayabas Bay.
Nutrient Composition and Heavy Metal Contents of Freshwater Sardine, Sardinella tawilis (Herre, 1927), in Taal Lake, Philippines
Authors: Serrano Jemn , Barrion Aimee Sheree , Abacan Sheila , Mopera Lotis , Regalado Julius Howell , Mutia Maria Theresa
Published: January 2024

An assessment of the current nutrient composition and heavy metal contents of the only freshwater sardine, Sardinella tawilis (Herre, 1927), was conducted due to lake environment changes, recent episodes of volcanic eruptions, antiquated nutrient data, and food system influence. Freshwater sardines, commonly known as "tawilis", were acquired from four different sampling sites of Taal Lake, namely San Nicolas, Cuenca, Tanauan City, and Agoncillo, along with lake water samples. Proximate composition, fatty acid (FA) profile, and heavy metal concentrations (Hg, Pb, Cd) were analyzed. Mean proximate values for fish include moisture (69.15±3.01%), protein (17.48±0.72%), fat (8.98±1.84%), ash (3.32±0.24%), and carbohydrate (2.19±1.61%), which yields approximately 158±19 kcal/100g. There is no significant difference (p>0.05) in the proximate composition (%) among fish samples. Total saturated FA had the highest value (5.88±0.74 g/100g) among fatty acid groups, followed by monounsaturated FA (1.24±0.77 g/100g), then the polyunsaturated FA (0.71±0.46 g/100g), wherein palmitic acid is the most predominant FA. Tawilis is a "high protein" food since 100g of raw fish provides >20% of Filipino adults aged 19-59 daily protein requirement. Hg, Pb, and Cd contents of both fish and water samples were below the maximum allowable concentrations, thus, there is no heavy metal contamination. Parallel studies concerning variations in seasons, environmental conditions, cooking or processing methods, and analysis of other significant nutrient components could be conducted. The food composition of other native and endemic fishes may also be investigated, along with their potential contribution to food and nutrition security.
Influence of Colors on the Catching Performance of Artificial Lures of Multiple Troll Line in Bongao Waters, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines
Authors: Ajik Jaro , Palla Rodrigo , Lorque Felizardo , Palla Suzette , Gomes Dennis , Armada Noel , Guanzon Nicolas , Tahiluddin Albaris
Published: January 2024

Improving the efficiency of fishing gears to catch species and sizes selectively and to catch more fish with less fishing efforts are essential objectives in fisheries research. This study utilized a small-scale multiple troll line, using two different artificial lures, i.e., green and blue, to determine the color lure preference of fish catch, catch composition, relative abundance, and catch per unit effort. In addition, the length-weight relationships of the caught species were also investigated. The study was conducted in the Bongao waters, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines, through fishing samplings using two separate motorized boats with two gears. A total of 1,032 fishes were caught by multiple troll line, which identified nine species with relative abundance: frigate tuna juvenile Auxis thazard (37.11%), bullet tuna Auxis rochei (24.90%), eastern little tuna Euthynnus affinis (15.99%), bigeye scad Selar crumenopthalmus (15.21%), yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares (3.01%), common dolphin fish Coryphaena hippurus (1.75%), double-lined mackerel Grammatorcynus bilineatus (1.16%), shortfin scad Decapterus macrosoma (0.58%), and skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis (0.29%). There were 677 fishes (65.89%) and 355 fishes (34.41%) lured by green and blue artificial lures, respectively. Most of the caught species had a size distribution ranging from 21.5 cm to 30.5 cm for both lure colors. The slopes (b) of the length-weight relationships of the caught fishes ranged between 1.5473 (skipjack tuna) and 3.305 (bullet tuna). In terms of catch per unit effort (CPUE) for all the species caught, the multiple troll line with the green lure had the highest mean CPUE with 0.63±0.12 kg/hr, while the blue lure had a mean CPUE of 0.35±0.7 kg/hr, although there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). This study suggests that multiple troll lines with either green or blue lures are effective small-scale fishing gear to catch small tunas and tuna-like, especially frigate tuna, bullet tuna, and eastern little tuna.
Contributions of the intestinal microbiota to bone
Authors: Pacheco da Costa Rafael , Rocha Oliveira Carlos , Gibotti Adriana
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Overall bone metabolism is highly regulated by the intestine, mainly mediated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D. However, emerging pieces of evidence have shown this regulation is also strongly associated with intestinal microbiota by releasing metabolites, which affects directly or indirectly the bone. Objective: To review the contributions of the intestinal microbiota to bone. Methods: Thus, a narrative review from articles on contributions of intestinal microbiota to bone was conducted using database PubMed covering a period from 1997 until July 2023. Articles published in the form of original articles, systematic review or meta-analysis using the descriptors: bone and microbiota, bone and bacteria, gut microbiota and bone and probiotics were read and summarized throughout text. Results: Initially, we searched for understanding, which bacteria are resident or transitory and which are the factors released that either indirectly or directly act on bone, thus modifying its quantity or quality. Therein, we briefly explored how intestine, and bone are interconnected and finally about how the type of intestinal microbiota is associated with bone metabolism, quality and quantity. In particular, we reported some main studies on probiotics and bone health. Conclusion: This review brought together information from the literature on the role of intestinal bacteria in bone, revealing possibilities for directing the microbiota to maintain or gain bone in quantity and quality and thus prevent bone fractures in a close future, especially for osteoporotic individuals.