bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A set theory based similarity measure for text clustering and classification
Authors: Amer Ali A. , Abdalla Hassan I.
Published: September 2020

Similarity measures have long been utilized in information retrieval and machine learning domains for multi-purposes including text retrieval, text clustering, text summarization, plagiarism detection, and several other text-processing applications. However, the problem with these measures is that, until recently, there has never been one single measure recorded to be highly effective and efficient at the same time. Thus, the quest for an efficient and effective similarity measure is still an open-ended challenge. This study, in consequence, introduces a new highly-effective and time-efficient similarity measure for text clustering and classification. Furthermore, the study aims to provide a comprehensive scrutinization for seven of the most widely used similarity measures, mainly concerning their effectiveness and efficiency. Using the K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) for classification, the K-means algorithm for clustering, and the bag of word (BoW) model for feature selection, all similarity measures are carefully examined in detail. The experimental evaluation has been made on two of the most popular datasets, namely, Reuters-21 and Web-KB. The obtained results confirm that the proposed set theory-based similarity measure (STB-SM), as a pre-eminent measure, outweighs all state-of-art measures significantly with regards to both effectiveness and efficiency.
Visualization of the morphology and mode of occurrence of Cenomanian rudists within a drillcore by X-ray CT scanning and 3D modeling
Authors: Yamanaka Motoyoshi , Sano Shin-ichi , Al Zaabi Hamad Bu Alrougha , Fujioka Hiroshi , Iryu Yasufumi
Published: September 2020

Rudists are a group of bizarrely shaped marine bivalves that lived in the Tethys Ocean from the Late Jurassic to the latest Cretaceous. They are morphologically variable, including snail-like, cup-like, and horn-like shapes. In the Middle East, Cretaceous carbonates with rudists and rudist fragments are well exposed in many outcrops as well as oil and gas fields. For rudist-bearing carbonates in the subsurface, knowledge of rudist morphology and mode of occurrence must be derived from observation of drillcores; however, understanding the three-dimensional (3D) geometry of rudists from observation of core surfaces is difficult. In paleontological studies of rudists, X-ray computerized tomography (CT) scans have been carried out to reconstruct the inside texture of rudist shells for the purpose of taxonomic research. In contrast, in the oil and gas industry, application of X-ray CT scanning technology is generally focused on direct measurement of reservoir properties. Studies of rudist fossils within drillcores by means of X-ray CT have not yet been conducted. We have developed a new protocol to observe core interiors using X-ray CT. We obtained high-resolution 3D images of rudists in a drillcore by means of surface rendering, volume rendering, and 3D printing. X-ray CT and 3D modeling is a novel method for non-destructive analyses of the morphology and mode of occurrence of fossils within drillcores.
Implant-supported orbital prosthesis: a technical innovation of silicone fabrication
Authors: Eo Mi Young , Cho Yun Ju , Nguyen Truc Thi Hoang , Seo Mi Hyun , Kim Soung Min
Published: September 2020

Background

Silicone-based facial prostheses have traditionally been considered difficult to make and require time-consuming fabrication due to their basic liquid characteristics.

Methods and results

A detailed procedure for creating an ideal silicone orbital prosthesis was developed, including dental implant-supported retention, three-dimensional (3D) orbital scanning with symmetric volume and size measurement based on matching the opposite side, master mold fabrication for convenient pouring of the liquid silicone elastomer, and easy and comfortable management of the prosthesis by the patient.

Conclusion

A silicone orbital prosthesis could be more easily and conveniently produced using updated surgical skills and modern 3D technology. The combination of 3D scanning with digital reconstruction and an innovative fabrication protocol using a reproducible major mold and multiple prototypes fitting resulted in an accuracy personalized facial prosthesis with accessible cost and short production period.
Acute myocardial infarction caused by tumor embolus originating from upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Yasui Taku , Okuda Yohei , Shioyama Wataru , Oka Toru , Nishikawa Tatsuya , Kamada Risa , Hatano Koji , Nishimura Kazuo , Fujita Masashi
Published: September 2020

Coronary emboli from malignant tumors rarely cause acute myocardial infarction. We report the case of a patient with tumor embolism from an upper tract urothelial carcinoma that caused acute myocardial infarction via a patent foramen ovale. Coronary blood flow was restored by embolus aspiration without stenting. Clinicians must consider malignant tumor embolism as a possible cause of acute myocardial infarction.
The preservation and augmentation of volatile terpenes in cannabis inflorescence
Authors: Bueno Justin , Leuer Emily , Kearney Michael , Green Edward H. , Greenbaum Eric A.
Published: September 2020

Background

Terpenes contribute to the pharmacology, efficacy, aroma, and flavor of cannabis inflorescence, improving the experience for medical and recreational users. Terpenes are inherently volatile, resulting in the loss of terpene content as inflorescence ages. A method to establish and/or maintain a desired terpene content of cannabis inflorescence is needed. A novel packaging method was investigated for the preservation of native terpenes and the replenishment of terpenes to depleted inflorescence over various storage durations.

Methods

Inflorescence samples from two different chemotypes (DJ’s Gold, Cream Caramel) were obtained from a state licensed medical cannabis organization. Samples from the DJ’s Gold chemotype were depleted of terpenes whereas samples from the Cream Caramel chemotype had a terpene content representative of inflorescence available for medicinal or recreational purposes. Inflorescence samples were stored using the novel packaging approach, in airtight containers in the presence of external terpenes. Control samples were similarly stored without external terpenes. Terpene content of the inflorescence samples were quantitively determined by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS GC-MS) after various storage durations. Main effects analysis was used to determine the impact of various parameters on the effectiveness of the system.

Results

All samples stored using the novel packaging approach had a higher terpene content than their corresponding control. 1.18% (w/w) of external terpene, relative to inflorescence weight, was the minimum amount required to maintain the initial terpene content of the inflorescence after 6 weeks of storage. Main effects analysis showed that augmentation of inflorescence terpene content was dependent upon the amount and type of external volatile utilized. The terpene profile of inflorescence samples from two separate harvests were selectively adjusted, reducing the percent difference of the two sample’s terpene profiles by 39.5%.

Conclusions

A successful proof of concept was achieved for preservation, augmentation, and replenishment of terpenes to cannabis inflorescence over various storage durations. Inflorescence stored using the novel packaging approach is a significant step towards providing patients with cannabis inflorescence of reproducible and reliable terpene content, an important component of inflorescence efficacy. The novel approach for replenishment of terpenes to depleted inflorescence represents an exciting development for patients and manufacturers.
Overview of legal traceability of GPS positioning in Australia
Authors: Hu Guorong , Dawson John
Published: September 2020

Global Positioning System (GPS) position verification and legal traceability in Australia supports industry, trade, science and innovation and is trusted and recognized domestically and internationally. At the end of 2017, the Australia’s national datum was transitioned from the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94) to the Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020 (GDA2020). As such, the datum for the legal traceability of GPS positions in Australia has also moved to GDA2020. This paper highlights the importance of legal metrology and measurement in terms of GPS positions in accordance with the National Measurement Act 1960 (Commonwealth of Australia). Here we provide an overview of the process of issuing the so-called ‘Regulation 13 Certificates’ for Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) across Australia. The position verification methodology is detailed, including the quality control, metadata assurance, and dynamic management of the certificates as well as positional uncertainty determination of CORS with varying quality. A quality monitoring system of positions is also discussed along with how measurement traceability is ensured including short-term and long-term position monitoring schemes.
Role of swimming on muscle PGC-1α, FNDC5 mRNA, and assessment of serum omentin, adropin, and irisin in high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF) diet induced obesity in rats
Authors: Badawy Ehsan , El-laithy Nabila A. , Morsy Safaa M. , Ashour Magdi N. , Elias Tahany R. , Masoud Mahmoud M. , Aly Omnia
Published: September 2020

Background

Exercise benefits a variety of organ systems in mammals, and some of the best recognized effects of exercise on muscle are mediated by the transcriptional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-α (PGC-1α). The regulatory effect of swimming on muscle PGC-1α, FNDC5 mRNA expression, and subsequently irisin levels is more controversial. This study aimed to investigate the role of swimming as an exercise on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator1 alpha (PGC-1α) and Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) mRNA in skeletal muscle and assessment of serum omentin, adropin, irisin, and PGC-1α levels in high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF) diet induced obesity in rats. Sixty male albino rats are randomly divided into 4 groups (15 rats/group). In the first group (control), rats are fed with standard diet. The 2nd group (cont + swim) is fed on standard diet and made swimming exercise. The 3rd group of rats is fed on HCHF, whereas in the 4th group (HCHF + swim) is also fed on HCHF diet and made swimming exercise for 20 weeks. Blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, omentin, irisin, adropin, and PGC-1α were measured. Also, FNDC5 and PGC-1α are extracted and purified from muscle tissue samples measured by PCR test.

Results

Our results showed significant increase in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol, and triglycerides with significant decrease in omentin, irisin, adropin, PGC-1α, and HDL in HCHF group as compared to the control group. These results improved after exercise in all parameter in HCHF + swim group compare to HCHF group. Also, there was inverse correlation between omentin and fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in HCHF + swim group.

Conclusions

It concluded that swimming exercise improved all the above measured parameters in serum and tissues which might have been promising for the prevention of metabolic diseases.
Socio-economic and demographic factors associated with adaptive behaviour among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Nashwa , El-abdeen Asmaa Maher Zein , Ng Fiona , Zoromba Mohamed , Haikal Aml
Published: September 2020

Background

Adaptive behaviour among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder determines wide range of self-independent and autonomous activities. Adaptive behaviour is a clearly defined measurable variable that can be used as an outcome, hence impacts intervention and training programs. The current study aims to determine the socio-economic and demographic factors that are associated with adaptive behaviour among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in Egypt. In this observational cross sectional study, caregivers’ reports on their children with a confirmed diagnosis of autism spectrum were obtained. Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale was used to assess adaptive behaviour among children aged 3–6 years and admitting at the outpatient clinic. Socioeconomic Status Scale was used to assess family socioeconomic status.

Results

Participants in the current study scored low in domains of adaptive behaviour. Older children scored low in adaptive behaviour compared to younger children. There was significant positive correlation between daily living activities subdomain of adaptive behaviour and education, occupation, family possessions, and home sanitation and health care domains of socioeconomic status scale. There were significant positive correlations between socialization subdomain of adaptive behaviour and education, occupation, family, and family possessions and home sanitation domains of the socioeconomic status scale. The motor functioning subdomain of adaptive behaviour correlates significantly with the following SES domains: education (r = .268), occupation (r = .274), family possessions (r = .232), economic (r = .195) and health care (r = .291). Results of the current study revealed that high socioeconomic status correlates with higher adaptive functioning in daily living skills, socialisation and motor skills domains of adaptive behaviour.

Conclusion

The correlations detected in the current study between adaptive behaviour and some social determinants of health can influence stakeholders’ decisions in planning and implementation of autism specific interventions.
Significance of p53, p27, Ki-67, E-cadherin, and HER2 expression in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Missaoui Nabiha , Bdioui Ahlem , Baccouche Atika , Belkacem Oussema , Hmida Wissem , Mokni Moncef , Hmissa Sihem
Published: September 2020

Background

The study investigated the expression and the clinicopathological significance of p53, p27, Ki-67, E-cadherin, and HER2 in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) from Tunisian patients. We performed a retrospective study of 66 UTUC. Main clinicopathological features were reported. The expression of p53, p27, Ki-67, E-cadherin, and HER2 was investigated by immunohistochemistry on whole tissue section.

Results

Expression of p53, Ki-67, p27, E-cadherin, and HERE2 was reported in 36.4%, 69.7%, 90.9%, 100%, and 0% of cases, respectively. p53 expression was associated with stage (p = 0.001), positive surgical margin (p = 0.005), and shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS; Log Rank test, p = 0.026). Ki-67 and p27 expression was associated with stage (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and grade (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Using Kaplan-Meier test, the positive surgical margin was associated with shorter RFS compared to free surgical margin (Log Rank test, p = 0.031). Moreover, in univariate Cox regression analysis, surgical margin (p = 0.041; HR 0.325, 95% CI 0.110–0.956) and p53 expression (p = 0.035; HR 0.328, 95% CI 0.116–0.925) were the significant factors associated with RFS.

Conclusions

Together, our findings suggest that positive surgical margin and p53 expression were potential prognostic factors of UTUC since both were associated with shorter RFS in Tunisian patients.
Teleological role of L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase in the kidney
Authors: Brinkley Garrett , Nam Hyeyoung , Shim Eunhee , Kirkman Richard , Kundu Anirban , Karki Suman , Heidarian Yasaman , Tennessen Jason M. , Liu Juan , Locasale Jason W. , Guo Tao , Wei Shi , Gordetsky Jennifer , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Absher Devin , Rakheja Dinesh , Challa Anil K. , Sudarshan Sunil
Published: September 2020

L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG) is an oncometabolite found elevated in renal tumors. However, this molecule might have physiological roles that extend beyond its association with cancer, as L-2HG levels are elevated in response to hypoxia and during Drosophila larval development. L-2HG is known to be metabolized by L-2HG dehydrogenase (L2HGDH), and loss of L2HGDH leads to elevated L-2HG levels. Despite L2HGDH being highly expressed in the kidney, its role in renal metabolism has not been explored. Here, we report our findings utilizing a novel CRISPR/Cas9 murine knockout model, with a specific focus on the role of L2HGDH in the kidney. Histologically, L2hgdh knockout kidneys have no demonstrable histologic abnormalities. However, GC-MS metabolomics demonstrates significantly reduced levels of the TCA cycle intermediate succinate in multiple tissues. Isotope labeling studies with [U-13C] glucose demonstrate that restoration of L2HGDH in renal cancer cells (which lowers L-2HG) leads to enhanced incorporation of label into TCA cycle intermediates. Subsequent biochemical studies demonstrate that L-2HG can inhibit the TCA cycle enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Bioinformatic analysis of mRNA expression data from renal tumors demonstrates that L2HGDH is co-expressed with genes encoding TCA cycle enzymes as well as the gene encoding the transcription factor PGC-1α, which is known to regulate mitochondrial metabolism. Restoration of PGC-1α in renal tumor cells results in increased L2HGDH expression with a concomitant reduction in L-2HG levels. Collectively, our analyses provide new insight into the physiological role of L2HGDH as well as mechanisms that promote L-2HG accumulation in disease states.
Níveis de estresse, ansiedade, depressão e fatores associados durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em praticantes de Yoga
Authors: Corrêa Cinthia Andriota , Verlengia Rozangela , Ribeiro Anna Gabriela Silva Vilela , Crisp Alex Harley
Published: September 2020

A pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) e a crise de saúde pública tem gerado estresse em toda a população. O presente estudo teve como objetivo examinar a prática de Yoga e a sua relação com os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e estresse durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O estudo foi baseado em um questionário on-line anônimo aplicado entre 19 e 26 de maio de 2020, com questões sociodemográficas, sobre a prática de Yoga durante a pandemia e a Escala de Ansiedade Depressão e Estresse (DASS-21). Duzentos e treze participantes completaram o questionário. No geral, foram observados 12,2%, 12,2% e 8,0% de sintomas severos para estresse, ansiedade e depressão, respectivamente. Na análise de regressão logística (expressos em odds ratio; intervalo de confiança de 95%), participantes mais velhos tiveram menores chances de apresentar sintomas severos de estresse (OR = 0,30; IC95%: 0,13 – 0,70) e depressão (OR = 0,34; IC95%: 0,12 - 0,92), enquanto o tabagismo aumentou as chances (OR = 7,71; IC95%: 2,36 - 25,21) de sintomas severos de ansiedade. Uma maior experiência na prática de Yoga reduz significativamente as chances de apresentar sintomas severos de estresse (OR = 0,34; IC95% 0,14 - 0,83) e ansiedade (OR = 0,37; IC95% = 0,15 - 0,91). Ademais, houve menores chances de apresentar sintomas severos de estresse em praticantes que realizam um maior número de sessão semanal durante a pandemia (OR = 0,09; IC95% = 0,01 - 0,88), e de sintomas depressivos para aqueles que conseguiram manter a frequência da prática em relação ao período antes da pandemia (OR = 0,23; IC95%: 0,06 - 0,84). Nossos dados observacionais sugerem que praticantes mais experientes e que realizam mais sessões semanal reportam menor impacto psicológico durante a pandemia por COVID-19.
An Axiomatic Foundation for the Expected Shortfall
Authors: Wang Ruodu , Zitikis Ričardas
Published: September 2020

In the recent Basel Accords, the expected shortfall (ES) replaces the value-at-risk (VaR) as the standard risk measure for market risk in the banking sector, making it the most popular risk measure in financial regulation. Although ES is—in addition to many other nice properties—a coherent risk measure, it does not yet have an axiomatic foundation. In this paper, we put forward four intuitive economic axioms for portfolio risk assessment—monotonicity, law invariance, prudence, and no reward for concentration—that uniquely characterize the family of ES. Therefore, the results developed herein provide the first economic foundation for using ES as a globally dominating regulatory risk measure, currently employed in Basel III/IV. Key to the main results, several novel notions such as tail events and risk concentration naturally arise, and we explore them in detail. As a most important feature, ES rewards portfolio diversification and penalizes risk concentration in a special and intuitive way, not shared by any other risk measure.

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
Strategi komunikasi rumah kreatif sleman dalam upaya pengembangan UMKM di era ekonomi digital
Authors: Putri Reinalda Destriana
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang strategi komunikasi Rumah Kreatif Sleman dalam upaya mengembangkan UMKM di Era ekonomi digital. Strategi meliputi komunikator, pesan, media, komunikan serta efek. Era revolusi industri 4.0. telah mendistraksi banyak hal salah satunya pola perdagangan konvensional menjadi online atau yang biasa disebut dengan ekonomi digital. Oleh karena itu Rumah Kreatif Sleman hadir sebagai wadah yang memfasilitasi dan membantu pengembangan UMKM di era ekonomi digital.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Harold D. Laswell tentang strategi komunikasi yang mencakup lima komponen yakni komunikator, pesan, komunikan, media serta efek. Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kreatif Sleman, Roeby House, Lien’s Snack and Cookies dan Pawiro Chocolate.Hasil penelitian tersebut adalah komunikator dipilih melalui rapat bersama, sedangkan pesan disusun dengan tujuan menarik perhatian UMKM untuk bergabung serta memberi pemahaman. Komunikan ditentukan dari usaha yang berdiri di Sleman. Media yang digunakan terbagi menjadi dua yakni media eksternal dan internal. Capaian dari proses strategi komunikasi tersebut cukup positif, terbukti dengan selalu bertambahnya anggota UMKM yang bergabung. Selain itu UMKM mampu mengembangkan usahanya baik secara online maupun offline.
How many medical beds does a country need? An international perspective
Authors: Jones Rodney P
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims

While many methods exist for calculating bed numbers, the current method for making international comparisons is inadequate, as it makes no adjustment for population age or the nearness to death effect. This study investigated the number of acute medical beds in various countries using a new method to compare bed numbers within and between countries.

Methods

The number of available medical beds in various (mainly European) countries were obtained from the World Health Organization. These were divided by the number of deaths in each country to give the ratio of beds per 1000 deaths and this was plotted against the ratio of deaths per 1000 population (the crude mortality rate) in each country. This was compared to similar data, but for occupied rather than available beds, for England over the period 2000/01 to 2018/19.

Results

In England, the medical group of specialties accounts for over 60% of all occupied acute beds. Since 2011 this proportion has risen to over 64%. For two decades England has had around 165±5 occupied medical beds per 1000 deaths (at an assumed 95% average occupancy), and England therefore has a similar number of medical beds to 11 of the 37 other countries. The relatively low slope of the relationship between beds per 1000 deaths and deaths per 1000 population indicates that the nearness to death effect is the major driving force for medical bed requirements.

Conclusions

Both data sets indicate that the nearness to death effect is the most important variable in forecasting occupied and available medical bed numbers. Based on the forecasted increase in deaths, demanf of medical beds in England is likely to increase by 39% over the next 40 years.
Use of a dual-layer amniotic membrane in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: an observational study
Authors: Sledge Isabella , Maislin David , Bernarducci Dave , Snyder Robert , Serena Thomas E
Published: September 2020

Background:

Despite advances in the treatment, fewer than half of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) heal in 12 weeks and 85% of non-traumatic amputations follow the development of a DFU. The search for treatment options continues. Placental-derived products have shown promise in the treatment of DFUs. This study investigates Artacent (Tides Medical, US), a unique amniotic patch containing two layers of amnion and its potential to increase growth factor delivery.

Method:

This observational analysis included patients with DFUs with documented failure to heal by >50% after the protocol-defined run-in period (either two or four weeks) of standard of care (SOC), and who had been randomised in a larger clinical trial that had been discontinued earlier for logistical reasons. Patients were randomised to either weekly or biweekly application of the dual-layer amniotic membrane (DLAM) plus SOC and were included in per-protocol effectiveness analyses. Descriptive statistics were chosen for this analysis. Primary endpoint was complete closure at 12 weeks.

Results:

A total of 26 patients were included in the analysis. Examination of baseline patient characteristics revealed that the ulcers were larger than in most DFU clinical trials (4.65±4.89cm2). For the primary endpoint, 17/26 (65%, 95% CI: 44–83%) of the combined treatment arms achieved complete closure. The small sample size precluded a meaningful comparison of healing between weekly and biweekly DLAM applications.

Conclusion:

The observations taken from the discontinued clinical trial suggest that the DLAM promotes healing of DFUs. The healing rates are similar to those in other placental-based tissue studies. In addition, the relatively larger size of the ulcers suggests that the DLAM may be effective in ulcers that are more resistant to standard of care. In the future, a revised clinical trial with a greater sample size is planned.
ON THE BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF EXTENDED WEIBULL-GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Ali Azeem , Ali Sajid , Khaliq Shama
Published: September 2020

The paper deals with the Bayes estimation of Extended Weibull-Geometric (EWG) distribution. In particular, we discuss Bayes estimators and their posterior risks using the noninformative and informative priors under different loss functions. Since the posterior summaries cannot be obtained analytically, we adopt Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to assess the performance of Bayes estimates for different sample sizes. A real life example is also part of this study.
Is the end nigh?
Authors: Jacobs D
Published: September 2020

A year after its launch, the results of the Department of Health & Social Care’s (DHSC) consultation on ‘appropriate clinical negligence cover’ are still widely anticipated. In this article, we explore the benefits and disadvantages of regulated and discretionary indemnity cover as understood by the DHSC, the medical defence organisations (MDOs), insurance brokers and underwriters. We also turn to surgeons and clinicians with private practices to ask what they think about the current arrangements.

Reforms to medical indemnity insurance forecast the passing of the UK's long-established medical defence and protection organisations.
Smart nanophotonics silicon spectrometer array for hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Ahamed Ahasan , Ghandiparsi Soroush , Bartolo-Perez Cesar , Mayet Ahmed S. , Cansizoglu Hilal , Devine Ekaterina P. , Elrefaie Aly F. , Dhar Nibir K. , Wang Shih-Yuan , Yang Weijian , Islam M. Saif
Published: September 2020

We propose a novel spectral imaging technique with silicon photodiodes
arrays having unique responsivity across a wide spectrum. Our method
can detect random spectra with less than 2% standard
deviation.
GFDM Data Encoded Si Waveguide Mach-Zehnder Modulator Beyond 150 Gbit/s
Authors: Kao Shih-Chun , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Wang Huai-Yung , Tsai Cheng-Ting , Chiang Patrick , Su Borching , Kuo Hao-Chung , Lin Gong-Ru
Published: September 2020

Beyond 150-Gbit/s single-arm modulation of a waveguide-type silicon Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulator operated at 1550 nm is achieved by using the GFDM data stream with optimizing K subcarriers and M time slots.
Second-Harmonic Generation from Plasmon-Plasmon Coupling in a Semiconductor-Metal Heterostructure
Authors: Spear Nathan J. , Hallman Kent A. , Hernández-Pagán Emil , Haglund Richard F. , Macdonald Janet E.
Published: September 2020

A heterostructure comprising CuS and Au nanoparticle films separated by insulating ligands yields enhanced second harmonic generation from coupling of localized surface plasmon resonance modes of CuS and Au at 1050 nm and 525 nm, respectively
Dynamics of two coupled qubits interacting with two-photon transitions via a nondegenerate parametric amplifier: nonlocal correlations under intrinsic decoherence
Authors: Mohamed A.-B. A. , Farouk A. , Yassen M. F. , Eleuch H.
Published: September 2020

In this study, an analytical solution for a novel intrinsic noise model represented by two coupled qubits inside a cavity, the

S
u

(
1
,
1
)

and

S
u

(
2
)

Lie group, is investigated. Each qubit interacts with a two-mode parametric amplifier through a nondegenerate two-photon process when the two-mode system is initially in a superposition of a generalized Barut–Girardello coherent state. The nonlinearity of the interaction and the initial two-mode fields lead to the generation of different quantum correlations (QCs), which are measured by log-negativity, uncertainty-induced nonlocality, and local quantum uncertainty (LQU). The generated QC of the interaction depends not only on the two-qubit coupling but also on the intrinsic noise and the initial coherent intensity. Our results show that the ability of the two-qubit coupling to protect and enhance the robustness and generation of the QCs depends on the superposition and the coherent intensity of the initial

S
u

(
1
,
1
)

state. Furthermore, the sudden birth and death of the log-negativity and the sudden variations of the LQU depend on the intrinsic noise and the two-qubit coupling.
Plasmonic nanoarcs: a versatile platform with tunable localized surface plasmon resonances in octave intervals
Authors: Zhang Kunyi , Lawson Andrew P. , Ellis Chase T. , Davis Matthew S. , Murphy Thomas E. , Bechtel Hans A. , Tischler Joseph G. , Rabin Oded
Published: September 2020

The tunability of the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of metallic nanoarcs is demonstrated with key relationships identified between geometric parameters of the arcs and their resonances in the infrared. The wavelength of the LSPRs is tuned by the mid-arc length of the nanoarc. The ratio between the attenuation of the fundamental and second order LSPRs is governed by the nanoarc central angle. Beneficial for plasmonic enhancement of harmonic generation, these two resonances can be tuned independently to obtain octave intervals through the design of a non-uniform arc-width profile. Because the character of the fundamental LSPR mode in nanoarcs combines an electric and a magnetic dipole, plasmonic nanoarcs with tunable resonances can serve as versatile building blocks for chiroptical and nonlinear optical devices.
Assessing frost damage in barley using terahertz imaging
Authors: Lee Wendy S. L. , Ferrante Ariel , Withayachumnankul Withawat , Able Jason A.
Published: September 2020

Frost is estimated to cost Australian grain growers

$

360 million in direct and indirect losses every year. Assessing frost damage manually in barley is labor intensive and involves destructive sampling. To mitigate against significant economic loss, it is crucial that assessment decisions on whether to cut for hay or continue to harvest are made soon after frost damage has occurred. In this paper, we propose a non-destructive technique by using raster-scan terahertz imaging. Terahertz waves can penetrate the spike to determine differences between frosted and unfrosted grains. With terahertz raster-scan imaging, conducted in both transmission and reflection at 275 GHz, frosted and unfrosted barley spikes show significant differences. In addition, terahertz imaging allows to determine individual grain positions. The emergence of compact terahertz sources and cameras would enable field deployment of terahertz non-destructive inspection for early frost damage.
Graphene-based mid-infrared plasmonic isolator with multimode interferometer
Authors: Heidari Mohsen , Ahmadi Vahid
Published: September 2020

This Letter presents an extremely compact graphene-based plasmonic isolator with a two-port multimode interference (MMI) structure. The proposed structure utilizes the non-reciprocal phase shift effect to provide optical isolation. A new approach is used for MMI-based isolator design in terms of

m

th overall self-imaging. The influence of the device geometries and

m

parameter on the isolation ratio (ISR), insertion loss, operation bandwidth (BW), and required magnetic field strength

B

and its appropriate direction is investigated. The device has an ultra-small footprint compared to the operating wavelength of

λ
=
8

µ

m

with high ISR. An MMI isolator with a size of

0.5

µ

m

×
4.02

µ

m

(

≈

λ
2

/

32

) and

I
S
R

=

18.35

d
B

and an MMI isolator with a size of

0.7

µ

m

×
7.44

µ

m

(

≈

λ
2

/

12

) with

I
S
R

=

27.1

d
B

are achieved. Moreover, the non-reciprocal MMI shows ultra-wide 20 dB isolation BW of 0.75–2.34 THz.
Achromatic super-oscillatory metasurface through optimized multiwavelength functions for sub-diffraction focusing
Authors: Chen Long , Liu Jia , Zhang Xiaohu , Tang Dongliang
Published: September 2020

Optical super-oscillatory lenses based on planar micro/nano structures have been demonstrated as promising alternatives for shaping wavefronts of light and realizing super-resolution images in a NA-limited optical system. However, as the super-oscillatory foci originated from the delicate interference of the light, the change of the parameters might destroy the hotspots, such as the incident wavelength. Here, a multiwavelength achromatic super-oscillatory metasurface (ASOM) is proposed through simultaneously controlling distinct wavelength-dependent wavefronts. The constructed multiwavelength ASOM is then verified numerically, and the foci are precisely formed at the same axial plane for the design wavelengths with resolution beyond the diffraction limit. We expect that our proposed multiwavelength controllable method will give more freedom for the designs of planar and lightweight components, which would be useful in optical applications, such as data storage, super-resolution imaging, holography, etc.
Phenethylamine ligand engineering of red InP quantum dots for improving the efficiency of quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jiang Wei , Kim Boram , Chae Heeyeop
Published: September 2020

In this Letter, red-emitting multi-shelled indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized using the safe phosphorus precursor tris(dimethylamino)phosphine (

(

D
M
A

)
3

P

). The long-chain ligands of oleylamine (OAm) in the

(

D
M
A

)
3

P

phosphide source-based InP QDs were partially exchanged with short-chain ligands of phenethylamine (PEA) in the core formation process, and the resulting InP QDs were applied to quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). The short-chain ligands of PEA with the

π

-conjugated benzene ring improved the charge transport and electrical conduction of the QLEDs with

(

D
M
A

)
3

P

phosphide source-based InP QDs. The PEA-engineering of InP QDs improved their maximum quantum yield from 71% to 85.5% with the full-width at half-maximum of 62 nm. Furthermore, the maximum external quantum efficiency of QLEDs with the PEA-engineered InP QDs improved from 1.9% to 3.5%, and their maximum power efficiency increased from 2.8 to 6.0 lm/W. This Letter demonstrates that engineering the core formation process with the short-chain ligands of PEA provides an efficient and facile way to improve the charge transport and electrical conduction in

(

D
M
A

)
3

P

phosphide source-based InP QLEDs for electroluminescent devices.
Breaking the field-of-view limit in augmented reality with a scanning waveguide display
Authors: Xiong Jianghao , Tan Guanjun , Zhan Tao , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: September 2020

The ultimate augmented reality (AR) should be a glass-type see-through display with uncompromised optical performances. The major technical challenge of present AR display systems is to fulfill wide field-of-view (FOV) and large eye box simultaneously for a comfortable visual experience. Here, we propose a novel scanning waveguide display to break the theoretical limit of present waveguide displays while maintaining a large eye box. The core component is an off-axis reflective lens array, which is fabricated by an innovative chiral liquid crystal polarization holography method. The lens array consists of 8 × 15 lenslets whose pitch length is 2 mm and f-number is 0.41 at 639 nm. Such a scanning waveguide display dramatically extends the diagonal FOV from the state-of-the-art 52° (HoloLens 2) to 100°. These approaches not only significantly advance the optical design of present AR display systems but also open new applications to a broad range of optical systems, including high-precision imaging, sensing, and advanced photonic devices.
Contos Escolhidos
Authors: Arnaut António
Published: September 2020

"[...] Caro Leitor, valerá a pena que, ao lado da minha Recolha Poética te ofereça agora os meus Contos Escolhidos, dois livros marcantes da minha caminhada literária que as circunstâncias não permitiram que fosse mais fecunda. Espero, contudo, que juntamente com as outras obras – romance, ensaio e intervenção cívica – deem testemunho, embora modesto, de um escritor comprometido com o seu tempo por considerar que a literatura deve ser «a expressão da sua própria humanidade e da Humanidade toda».
Reproductive Toxicity of Pomegranate Peel Extract Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles:
A Multigeneration Study in C. elegans
Authors: Patel Mahnoor
Published: September 2020

C. elegans is a preferential model for testing environmental toxicity of compounds including nanomaterials. The impact of multigeneration exposure of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the lifespan and fertility of C. elegans is not known and therefore is investigated in this study. We used pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extracts as a reducing agent to synthesize gold nanoparticles (PPE-AuNPs) from chloroauric acid. Nematodes were grown till adult stage and then exposed to 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml of PPE-AuNPs at 20C for 72 hours and then assessed for lifespan and fertility. The same protocols were followed for subsequent F1, F2, and F3 generations. The results showed that PPE-AuNPs dose-dependently but insignificantly reduced the lifespan of C. elegans. Exposure of PPE-AuNPs significantly and dose-dependently reduced the fertility of C. elegans in terms of the number of eggs produced. The reproductive toxicity of PPE-AuNPs was found to be minimal in parental generation (F0) and maximal in F3 generation. In conclusion, biologically synthesized PPE-AuNPs adversely affect the fertility of C. elegans while the factors responsible for reproductive toxicity are inherited by subsequent generations.
Statistical Principles of Natural Philosophy
Authors: Guo Tao
Published: September 2020

Currently, natural philosophy (Physics) lacks the most fundamental model and a complete set of self-consistent explanations. This article attempts to discuss several issues related to this lack. Starting from the most basic philosophical paradoxes, I deduce a physical model (the natural philosophical outlook) to describe the laws governing the operation of the universe. Based on this model, a mathematical model is established to describe the generalized diffusion behavior of a moving particle swarm, and its simple verification is carried out. In this article, the gravitational force and relativistic effects are interpreted for the first time as a statistical effect of randomly moving particles. Thus, the gravitational force and special relativistic effects are integrated into a single equation (achieved by selecting an initial wave function with a specific norm when solving it), and the cause of stable particle formation is also revealed. The derived equation and the method of acquiring the initial wave function are fully self-consistent with the hypotheses stated in the physical model, thereby also proving the reliability of the physical model to some extent. Some of these ideas may have potential value as a basis for understanding the essence of quantum mechanics, relativity and superstring theory, as well as for gaining a further understanding of nature and the manufacture of quantum computers.
Parameters for the Tractrix
Authors: Brell Edward
Published: September 2020

The tractrix is a curve which tracks the path of a dragged object. On an X-Y graph it will show the co-ordinates of the object where it has been and where it is going. Such a graph is dimensionless but once a dimension is introduced all other dimensional aspects follow. Whether the object is a recalcitrant dog on a leash, a water skier or a log with one end being dragged along the ground, the path followed will be a tractrix shape,
ceteris paribus.

This preprint is intended to show how passage of time is introduced to the functioning tractrix.
Speciation and infrageneric classification in the planktonic dinoflagellate Tripos (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae)
Authors: Gomez Fernando
Published: September 2020

The genus
Tripos, formerly marine species of
Ceratium, is the dinoflagellate with the greatest number of species and infraspecific taxa (~800) due to the high morphological intraspecific variability of numerous species. In the past, the species of
Tripos were proposed into distinct genera. A re-instatement of this generic split is not justified due the difficulties to circumscribe the basal subgenera
Amphiceratium and
Archaeceratium, and the polyphyletic character of
Biceratium. A new infrageneric classification is proposed. The subgenus
Amphiceratium is dismembered after the classification of the sections Inflata and partially Fusiformia into
Archaeceratium. The subgenus
Tripos (autonym) replaces other names such as
Tripoceratium or
Orthoceratium. Based on the original descriptions, the records of
T. furca and
T. lineatus correspond to
T. eugrammus and
T. furca, respectively, and
T. macroceros has been reported as
T. contrarius. The names
T. belone and
T. carriensis have been misapplied for
T. pacificus and
T. volans, respectively.
Tripos arcuatus,
T. gracilis,
T. inclinatus,
T. scapiformis and
T. subcontortus are revived to replace
T. euarcuatus,
T. declinatus,
T. horridus,
T. longirostrum and
T. contortus, respectively. The species
T.

ramakrishnae and
T. fusus var.
schuettii were described from individuals infected by endoparasites.
Tripos

rotundatus

comb. nov. is proposed for
C. digitatum var.
rotundatum. As a result of taxonomic revision,
Tripos is restricted to 57 correct species, although the speciation and synonymy is largely incomplete due to lack of studies in the life cycle and molecular data.
Simplified climate modelling to size economic boundaries
Authors: Anderl Thomas
Published: September 2020

Pencil-and-paper climate modelling is extracted from the comprehensive previous research on the inherently complex natural processes. A major goal is to mediate between general scientific knowledge and the wide-spread scepticism by identifying the driving forces, seeking simple descriptions, uncovering reproducibility, and thus contributing to transparency. The results of the shortcut model are in outstanding agreement with earlier measurement data and simulation studies. Two observations are fundamentally novel requiring scrutinization by the natural sciences community: (1) near-proportionality of atmospheric infrared absorption to particle densities and (2), temperature impact from human energy consumption. Independently, the presented framework allows for straightforward climate projections and risk assessment. As result, future economic growth is demanded to zero, even in a renewables (Green Growth) world.
Effect of Drought and Salt Stress on Cereal Crop Plants and their Proteomic and Physiological Studies
Authors: Anirudh Kaligotla Venkata Subrahmanya , Chakraborty Tanushree , Srivastava Rajesh K. , Akhtar Nasim
Published: September 2020

The photosynthetic potential and underlying internal metabolism of a plant are some of the most commonly affected physiological functions as a direct consequence of stresses due to salt and water resulting in hindering plant growth and productivity. Under the influence of such detrimental stresses, a drastic alteration in a plant's osmotic requirements, hormonal production, shedding of leaves, and closure of stomata, along with a lessening in the diffusion and transportation of CO2 and H2O are commonly seen. This review unfolds with a description of the basic methodology involved in the proteomic analysis of various proteins involved in stress response along with a brief idea on identifying and obtaining a genomic sequence for proteomic studies. It then dives deep into understanding the impact of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought and high temperatures on cereal crops such as rice and sorghum as well as the internal dynamics of tolerance mechanism unfolding during stresses have also been described. Extensive literature describing the proteomic and physiological responses to primary and secondary effects of salt stress in cereal crops emphasizing on ROS production and apoptosis, the role of osmolytes as ROS scavengers during osmotic stress and vacuolar antiporters in ionic stress along with the responses during drought stress such as the accumulation of LEA proteins and ABA-based signaling has been reviewed and critically discussed. The study also sheds light on some experimental proteomic studies conducted on the seedlings, root tissues, and shoots of rice cultivars.
EXTERNAL ROLLING OF A POLYGON ON CLOSED CURVILINEAR PROFILE
Authors: Kresan Tetiana , Pylypaka Serhii , Ruzhylo Zynovii , Rogovskii Ivan , Trokhaniak Oleksandra
Published: September 2020

The rolling of a flat figure in the form of an equilateral polygon on a curvilinear profile is considered. The profile is periodic. It is formed by a series connection of an arc of a symmetrical curve. The ends of the arc rely on a circle of a given radius. The equation of the curve, from which the curvilinear profile is constructed, is found. This is done provided that the centre of the polygon, when it rolls in profile, must also move in a circle. Rolling occurs in the absence of sliding. Therefore, the length of the arc of the curve is equal to the length of the side of the polygon. To find the equations of the curve of the profile, a first-order differential equation is constructed. Its analytical solution is obtained. The parametric equations of the curve are obtained in the polar coordinate system. The limits of the change of an angular parameter for the construction of a profile element are found. It is a part of the arc of the curve. According to the obtained equations, curvilinear profiles with different numbers of their elements are constructed.