bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple Numerical Simulations to Demonstrate Key Concepts Related to Coal Seam Gas Well Integrity
Authors: Rodger Iain , Garnett Andrew , Hurter Suzanne
Published: October 2018

Many stakeholders are concerned about the effects of Coal Seam Gas (CSG) developments on aquifers. Well integrity issues are often mentioned as potential leakage pathways which could lead to aquifer contamination or depletion.

This study involved the creation of simple models to represent the behaviour around a producing CSG well with a well integrity failure. A range of realistic scenarios were chosen, representing hypothetical well integrity failures at different stages of CSG production. Dynamic numerical models were built that represent each scenario, and simulations were run to forecast the flux of fluids around the wellbore. These models were parameterized based on data from literature related to well integrity studies, and should represent reasonable worst-case scenarios. The results of simulations using these models are then used to explain key concepts relating to well integrity in CSG wells in a manner which can be understood by interested parties from non-technical backgrounds.

The simulation results based on these simple models indicate that well integrity issues in producing (or previously produced) CSG wells are unlikely to have any significant impact on overlying aquifers.
Polymers and Their Limits in Temperature, Salinity and Hardness: Theory and Practice
Authors: Delamaide Eric
Published: October 2018

Polymer flooding is a mature Enhanced Oil Recovery process which is used worldwide in many large- scale field expansions. Encouraged by these positive results, operators are still looking at applying the process in new fields even in the context of low oil prices and are evaluating its feasibility in more challenging reservoir conditions: high salinity, high hardness and high temperature. Several solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations of the conventional hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) in these types of challenging environments: biopolymers such as xanthan or scleroglucan, associative polymers, or co- or ter-polymers combining acrylamide with monomers such as ATBS or NVP. Each of these solutions has its advantages and disadvantages, which are not always clear for practicing engineers. Moreover, it is always interesting to study past field experience to confront theory with practice. This is what this paper proposes to do.

The paper will first review the limits of conventional HPAM and other polymers that have been proposed for more challenging reservoir conditions. But more than that, it will focus on the field experience with each of these products to establish some practical guidelines for the selection of polymers depending on the reservoir and fluid characteristics.

One first result of this review is that the limits of conventional HPAM may not be as low as usually expected. Biopolymers appear very sensitive to biodegradation and their success in the field has been limited. Associative polymers appear better suited to near-wellbore conformance control than to displacement processes and some of the new co and ter-polymers are currently being field tested with some measure of success. It appears that the main challenge lies with high temperature rather than high salinity; some field projects are currently ongoing in high salinity (200 g/L) and hardness.

The paper will help set the current limits for polymer flooding in terms of temperature, salinity and hardness based on laboratory work and field experience. This will prove a useful guide for practicing engineers looking to pilot polymer injection in challenging reservoir conditions.
An Innovative Artificial Lift Technology for Severely Scaling Wells Applied Successfully in Asp Flooding in Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Chen Mingzhan , Cheng Jiecheng , Zhou Wanfu , Huang Youquan , Sun Xiaoming , Cao Gang , Han Song , Wang Guoqing , Jiang Tao , Li Ping , Wang Yanyan
Published: October 2018

Scaling issue of artificial lift systems is the main bottleneck for ASP flooding, and has considerably negative influence in commercial stage. In the past decade, different anti-scaling technologies have been developed and applied in Daqing Oilfield. However, high pump failure still exists in severely scaling producers. This paper presents an innovative artificial lift method – a patented bailing pumping unit production system, which has been applied successfully in field test stage in Daqing Oilfield.

The system consists of soft plunger, special designed wire line, winch system and surface control. Produced liquid mixed with large quantity of scale particles is lifted to surface by the soft plunger connected to wire line. The plunger is made of high molecular materials and steel skeleton support which ensures good flexibility and reliability after long term of operation in abrasive environment. The wire line is specified designed and processed to enhance operation life. It connects downhole gauge and surface control. Down hole pressure can be monitored in real time, which provides references for adjustment.

This innovative bailing pumping unit production system has been applied in 80 wells in 3 ASP flooding blocks with severe scaling issue in Daqing Oilfield. The average running life was improved from several weeks to 710 days. Considerable benefits have been achieved by the 60% operation cost decline. It has been the premier artificial lift method for the severely scaling producers. Additionally, there is no need for flushing or acidizing treatment to deal with scale deposited in downhole pump, rod string, and tubing string compared with pumping unit production system in ASP flooding, which significantly reduces normal management intensity and cost.

Field test showed that this innovative bailing pumping unit production system has outstanding scale resistance capability for severe scaling wells in ASP flooding. It also provides a great reference for other oilfields in worldwide with similar issues both in ASP flooding and high salinity conditions.
An Improved Production Data Analysis Method for Shale Gas Wells
Authors: Pang Wei
Published: October 2018

Production data analysis (PDA) is a very useful methodology to conduct transient rate and pressure analysis for shale gas wells. However, frequent shut-ins as well as nozzle size changing and well interference often occur for shale gas wells in China. This leads to abrupt changes, fluctuation, or even loss of production data. The existing PDA methods are incapable of addressing this issue.

A new PDA method is proposed to solve the above problem. First, the model for shale gas wells is established and solved by Duhamel's principle and Laplace transform. The log-log curve curve for PDA is obtained. Second, the formation pressure distributions and the average formation pressures within the SRV area are calculated. Then, a virtual equivalent time is proposed by use of the average formation pressure. Thus, the production data with abrupt changes can be converted into several interconnected segments with known initial formation pressures. Numerical validations and field cases are conducted to verify the proposed method.

For the field shale gas wells with several abrupt rate and pressure changes, the history matching provided by the commercial software with a skin factor agrees with the field data before the first shut-in. However, the estimated pressure and gas rate start to deviate from the field data continuously since the first shut-in, and the deviation becomes greater over time. Particularly after the third shut-in, the deviation is too large to history matching. The offset is mainly caused by significant discontinuities and subsequent cumulative errors. On the contrary, the history matching of pressure and gas rate with correction by virtual equivalent time are both in good agreement with the field data. This implies that the issues caused by abrupt changes or significant discontinuities of production data are satisfactorily addressed. Therefore, the results interpreted from the PDA such as fracture half-length and SRV are more accurate and confident.
Where the Laterals Go? A Feasible Way for the Trajectory Measurement of Radial Jet Drilling Wells
Authors: Huang Zhe , Huang Zhongwei , Su Yinao , Li Weichang , Jiang Tianwen
Published: October 2018

Radial jet drilling (RJD) is an unconventional drilling technology to drill multiple radial laterals by using a high-pressure liquid jet. It is a cost-effective alternative to bypass damage zones near the wellbore, restimulate the production of old wells and develop the unconventional reservoirs. However, due to the structure of the deflector and the diameter of the radial laterals, traditional well-trajectory measuring tools cannot be applied in the RJD wells. It hinders the conduct of some significant operations. The unknown trajectory is a crucial limitation to further development and field application of the RJD technology.

In this paper, except an introduction of RJD technology, a measuring system and a mini-tool were proposed for the attitude measurement and motion state recognition. Based on the navigation theory, a reckoning method of the trajectory was established. After that, an experiment study was carried out to test the performance of the measuring tool and the reckoning method. As results of the experiments, the average errors of the measured lateral length, inclination and azimuth are 8.12%, 5.10% and 5.10% respectively.
Study on Wax Removal During Pipeline-Pigging Operations
Authors: Li Weidong , Huang Qiyu , Wang Wenda , Ren Yijie , Dong Xue , Zhao Qi , Hou Lei
Published: October 2018

Widely used as it is, pipeline pigging still holds ambiguities in its mechanisms. In this paper we explore the nature of the wax removal process with a unique pigging facility. Solid wax content, yield stress, viscoelasticity, and microscopic characteristics of wax samples are thoroughly studied with differential-scanning-calorimetry (DSC) trials, rheological tests, and microscopic observations. We found that the relative solid wax content is approximately linearly dependent on temperature, and yield stress can be well-fitted with wax content in an exponential format. An investigation on wax-breaking force indicates that it increases with solid wax content. Wax removal efficiency increases with wax thickness and pipe-wall temperature, decreases with a wax-mixing ratio and solid wax content, and it varies irregularly vs. the scraping-element hardness in the pig. Furthermore, a prediction model of wax removal efficiency was developed on the basis of nondimensional analysis. The absolute average deviation of verification experiments against this model is 5.22%. This model might benefit in estimating the wax-scouring capacity of the wax-in-oil slurry and, therefore, helps to avoid wax blockage and to arrange the pigging program.
Conceptual approaches to the formation of regional food security strategy in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Stehnei Marianna , Irtyshcheva Inna , Boiko Yevheniia , Rogatina Lida , Khaustova Ksenya
Published: October 2018

The food safety of the region is a fundamental foundation of the country’s economic security and one of the most important prerequisites for sustainable development. Unfortunately, the problems of ensuring food security of the regions of Ukraine are not only resolved, but also ultimately aggravated, which negatively affects the quality of life of the population and the development of human potential. An important step in solving the problem of physical and economic food availability to all population is developing a regional food safety strategy. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to develop methodological tools for modeling the region’s food security strategy taking into account the peculiarities of its development and existing production and resource potential. The authors explained the concept of “food security strategy”, “food safety potential of the region” and methods for assessing its main components. The author’s model of the food security strategy creation was developed and implemented on the example of the Ukrainian Black Sea region. This model can be used to monitor the situation with food provision, to model the impact on the state of the food supply of individual strategic decisions and to determine the causes of deviations and growth reserves in any region irrespective of its size or administrative status.
Advantages of TiO2/carbon nanotube modified photocatalytic membranes in the purification of oil-in-water emulsions
Authors: Veréb Gábor , Kálmán Viktória , Gyulavári Tamás , Kertész Szabolcs , Beszédes Sándor , Kovács Gábor , Hernádi Klára , Pap Zsolt , Hodúr Cecilia , László Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2018

For the effective purification of emulsified oil contaminated waters advanced treatment methods have to be applied, such as membrane filtration, which is able to eliminate macro-, and even nanoscale oil droplets, however, membrane fouling is still a major problem, which prevents economic utilization. Therefore, fouling mitigation is one of the most important aspects in the field of membrane separation developments. In the present study, solely TiO2 and TiO2/carbon nanotubes (CNT) composite modified PVDF membranes were prepared and used to purify oil-in-water emulsions. Achievable fluxes, reversible and irreversible filtration resistances, fouling models, filtration efficiencies and photocatalytic activities were compared in case of different nanomaterial covered and unmodified PVDF membranes. Applying either solely TiO2 or solely CNT coating resulted in the significant reduction of total filtration resistance in both cases, but the combination of the two components (TiO2 with 1 wt% CNT) resulted in by far the highest flux and lowest resistance, meanwhile, the enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of the composite was also achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this study demonstrates the beneficial effects of the combination of TiO2 and CNT nanomaterials for the first time in the field of membrane separation of oil-in-water emulsions.
Utilizing variable selection methods in modelling potable water quality
Authors: Tomperi Jani , Leiviskä Kauko
Published: October 2018

Predictive models are potential tools for assessing changes in a water treatment process and water quality, and to be used as assistance in process control to ensure the production and distribution of high quality drinking water to consumers with lower operation costs. In this work, mathematical variable selection methods were utilized to find the optimal subsets of variables to develop predictive models for the two quality parameters of drinking water. The found variable subsets were evaluated using three modelling methods and comparisons with the expert knowledge-based models were carried out. The study pointed out the importance of expert knowledge and showed that predicting the quality of treated water is possible but finding an optimal subset of input parameters for a model that predicts the precise value of a quality parameter is challenging.
Photocatalytic removal of fluoroquinolones and their antimicrobial activity from water matrices at trace levels: a comparison of commercial TiO2 catalysts
Authors: Venancio Wilson Augusto Lima , Rodrigues-Silva Caio , Maniero Milena Guedes , Guimarães José Roberto
Published: October 2018

In this study, a solution containing the fluoroquinolones (FQs) ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and ofloxacin (antimicrobial agents) was subjected to photocatalytic oxidation under UVA irradiation, employing the commercial titanium dioxide as catalyst. On-line solid phase extraction coupled to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy was used to pre-concentrate and quantify the analytes. The process provided an almost 95% degradation efficiency for all the FQs. The TiO2 PC500 (100% anatase) was more efficient than TiO2 P25 (80% anatase) for FQs degradation. The matrix effect on the efficiency of the process was evaluated by ultrapure water – UW, simulated water – SW, bottled water –BW, and public drinking tap water – TW. Simulated water showed lower interference, compared to drinking water and bottled mineral water, due to the lower concentrations of hydroxyl radical scavengers. The assessment of the residual antimicrobial activity in the solution, when using 50 mg L−1 PC500 or 100 mg L−1 P25, showed reductions of biological activity (after 120 min of reaction) of 92.4% and 95.4% for Escherichia coli, and 78.1% and 84.2% for Bacillus subtilis, respectively. It shows that the photocatalytic oxidation process was able to not only degrade the FQs but also deactivate its biological activity in the resultant solution.
Primera época - Año III, Número 8, mayo 2001
Authors: De San Luis Revista de El Colegio
Published: October 2018

Este número corresponde a la primera época de la Revista de El Colegio de San Luis, denominado VETAS.
Progress in Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Pyrazoloquinazolines
Authors: Zhao Hui , Hu Xiaoxia , Zhang Yue , Tang Chunlei , Feng Bainian
Published: October 2018

Background:

This paper reviews the research progress of pyrazoloquinazolines which
widely used in the field of medicine and pesticide in recent years. Five types of
pyrazoloquinazolines are introduced: pyrazolo [4,3-h]quinazolines, pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines,
pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinazolines, pyrazolo[1,5-a] quinazolines , pyrazolo[1,5-b]quinazolines, and their
new progress in the synthesis methods and treatment of diseases.

Methodology:

The derivatives of pyrazoloquinazolines exhibit a wide range of pharmacological
properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antiviral
activities. Consequently, their syntheses have attracted significant interest. Various methodologies
have been developed for the synthesis and functionalization of these class of compounds.

Conclusion:

In the present article, the relevant and recent advances in the field will be briefly
covered.
Prone Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Breast Attenuation: A Phantom Study
Authors: Ramos Susie Medeiros	Oliveira , Glavam Adriana Pereira , de Brito Adriana Soares	Xavier , Kubo Tadeu Takao Almodovar , Tukamoto Gustavo , Sampaio Debora da Cunha Pereira , de Sá Lidia Vasconcellos
Published: October 2018

Background:

Soft tissue attenuation artifacts are the most common cause of misinterpretation
in myocardial perfusion Imaging (MPI). Few studies assessing the value of prone imaging
in women have been published. Breast attenuation artifacts can be present in up to 40% of the MPI
studies in women.

Objectives:

This study aimed at evaluating the potential impact of prone MPI on breast attenuation,
with a critical analysis of activity optimization and breast size influence.

Methods:

MPI of an Anthropomorphic Torso Phantom with silicone breast prostheses and
equivalent adipose tissue was compared to a standard MPI database.

Results:

A medical qualitative and semiquantitative analysis demonstrated higher uptake in the LV
anterior segments in the prone position for all injected activities. An artificial myocardium lesion
was diagnosable in the right segment in all images, which shows that prone positioning would not
mask a true lesion and it assists the cardiologist with a more accurate analysis. These results
showed that it is possible to optimize the activity to be injected by up to 55.6% when using combined
supine-prone images.

Conclusion:

Prone position has a high impact on the interpretation of MPI in female patients since
it reduces the breast attenuation artifacts, and optimizes the radiation protection of the patient and
all staff involved in the procedure, making it more cost-effective.
Knee Meniscus Segmentation and Tear Detection from MRI: A Review
Authors: Saygili Ahmet , Albayrak Songül
Published: October 2018

Background:

Automatic diagnostic systems in medical imaging provide useful information
to support radiologists and other relevant experts. The systems that help radiologists in their
analysis and diagnosis appear to be increasing.

Discussion:

Knee joints are intensively studied structures, as well. In this review, studies that
automatically segment meniscal structures from the knee joint MR images and detect tears have
been investigated. Some of the studies in the literature merely perform meniscus segmentation,
while others include classification procedures that detect both meniscus segmentation and anomalies
on menisci. The studies performed on the meniscus were categorized according to the methods
they used. The methods used and the results obtained from such studies were analyzed along with
their drawbacks, and the aspects to be developed were also emphasized.

Conclusion:

The work that has been done in this area can effectively support the decisions that will
be made by radiology and orthopedics specialists. Furthermore, these operations, which were performed
manually on MR images, can be performed in a shorter time with the help of computeraided
systems, which enables early diagnosis and treatment.
Polyaniline/Al Bismuthate Composite Nanorods Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Detection of Benzoic Acid
Authors: Pei Lizhai , Qiu Fanglv , Ma Yue , Lin Feifei , Fan Chuangang , Ling Xianzhang
Published: October 2018

Context:

Benzoic acid is a kind of extensively used preservative. It is of great significance to
detect benzoic acid by a rapid method for quality assurance and protection in the fields of pharmaceutical,
food and chemistry industry.

Objective:

The present research is aimed to prepare polyaniline/Al bismuthate composite nanorods by
an in-situ polymerizing process for effective detection of benzoic acid.

Methods:

The polyaniline/Al bismuthate composite nanorods are prepared by an in-situ polymerizing
process. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the obtained polyaniline/Al
bismuthate composite nanorods are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy
and electrochemical measurement.

Results:

XRD and transmission electron microscopy observations show that the amorphous nanoscale
polyaniline particles attach to the surface of the crystalline nanorods. The electrochemical measurement
of 2 mM benzoic acid using the composite nanorods modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) shows
that a pair of semi-reversible CV peaks is located at -0.11 V (cvp1) and -0.48 V (cvp1′), respectively.
The electrochemical responses of 2 mM benzoic acid at the composite nanorods modified GCE are
enhanced with increasing the scan rate and benzoic acid concentration. The polyaniline/Al bismuthate
composite nanorods modified GCE shows a linear range of 0.001-2 mM with the limit of detection
(LOD) of 0.18 µM.

Conclusion:

The composite nanorods may be used as the electrode materials with good reproducibility
and stability for the detection of benzoic acid.
Coupled Analysis of Leachate Recirculation and Heat Transfer for a Landfill with Buried Waste Tyres
Authors: Zhang Huijie , Li Zequan , Xu Haixia , Guo Xinqian , Wu Huiling , Sun Junyi
Published: October 2018

Background:

In bio-reactor landfills, both moisture and temperature have a significant impact on the bio-degradation processes. In order to speed up the leachate recirculation, a new drainage system is proposed to build a space network of bonded whole waste tyres in landfills.

Objective:

In this study, a coupled dual-permeability flow and the heat transfer model was constructed to study the interaction between leachate migration and temperature evolution.

Results and Conclusion:

The established model was applied to a simplified bio-reactor landfill and the simulation results demonstrated that the presence of waste tyres could significantly speed up the heat transfer. And the intermittent injection and the varying injection pressure might affect the distribution of temperature as well. Additionally, cooling the leachate injected could be another measure in avoiding the occurrence of hot spots in landfills.
Cervical Abscess in the Newborn: About Two Cases
Authors: El Idrissi Slitine Nadia , Khattou Ibtissam , Bennaoui Fatiha , Maoulainine Fadl Mrabih Rabou
Published: October 2018

A cervical abscess is defined as a collection of pus in the structures of the neck, sometimes called deep neck infection or neck abscess. It is unusual in neonatal period. In this paper, the authors present two cases of neonatal neck abscess admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakesh (Morocco). The first case is caused by a neonatal infection; the second case is post-traumatic.
Sickle Cell Disease Revealed by Soft Tissue Abscess: One Case Report
Authors: Rada N. , El Qadiry R. , Bennaoui F. , Draiss G. , Bouskraoui M.
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Sickle cell disease is a haemoglobinopathy characterized by the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises and osteoarticular complications.

Case-Report:

We report the case of an infant with sickle cell disease revealed by a bilateral abscess of the feet. Our patient is an 18-month-old infant who has had bilateral swelling of the feet for a week with fever of 40 °C, a CRP of 129 mg/l and a leukocytosis of 32,000 elements/mm3 together with normochromic normocytic anemia at 7.9 g/dl.

The diagnosis of abscess was taken and a puncture was made finding a purulent fluid with isolation of Salmonella. In front of the bilateral character, Salmonella isolation and normochromic normocytic anemia, electrophoresis of hemoglobin was requested confirming the diagnosis of sickle cell disease. The progress was positive with hydration and antibiotic therapy.

Conclusion:

Soft-tissue Salmonella infections must lead to thinking of sickle cell disease as a diagnosis especially with normochromic normocytic anemia combined.
Susceptibility Status of Aedes aegypti L. Against Different Classes of Insecticides in New Delhi, India to Formulate Mosquito Control Strategy in Fields
Authors: Samal Roopa Rani , Kumar Sarita
Published: October 2018

Background:

Mosquito control is a major concern throughout the world because of rising cases of mosquito-borne diseases. The outbreak of Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya has caused grave situations raising urgent need to control Aedes aegypti. Moreover, extensive use of synthetic insecticides in mosquito control programs has resulted in high levels of insecticide resistance leading to the use of magnified concentrations, impacting human health and environment adversely. The knowledge about current status of the insecticide susceptibility against Ae. aegypti could help to devise mosquito control strategy.

Objective:

Present study evaluates the larvicidal potential of thirteen insecticides belonging to seven different classes; organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, avermectins and secondary metabolites; against early fourth instars of Ae. aegypti.

Materials and Methods:

The insecticide susceptibility was evaluated as per WHO protocol. Fatality counts were made after 24h of exposure; and the LC50, LC90 and other statistical parameters were computed by probit-regression analysis.

Results:

The data reveals the maximum efficacy of pyrethroids and fenitrothion, with lethal values less than 0.001 ppm. Avermectins, organochlorines and carbamates were moderately toxic, while neonicotinoid posed appreciable toxicity. In contrast, berberine, a secondary plant metabolite was found inefficient. The larvicidal efficacy of tested insecticides against Ae. aegypti was found in the decreasing order of pyrethroids > organophosphates > avermectins > organochlorines > carbamates > neonicotinoids > secondary metabolites.

Conclusion:

Present investigations explore various toxicants as Dengue vector control agents in order to devise a suitable control strategy for mosquito control in fields.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Term and Preterm Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Review of Relevant Animal Models and Correlation to Human Imaging
Authors: Jisa Kyle A. , Clarey Dillon D. , Peeples Eric S.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is brain injury caused by decreased perfusion and oxygen delivery that most commonly occurs in the context of delivery complications such as umbilical cord compression or placental abruption. Imaging is a key component for guiding treatment and prediction of prognosis, and the most sensitive clinical imaging modality for the brain injury patterns seen in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective:

The goal of this review is to compare magnetic resonance imaging findings demonstrated in the available animal models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy to those found in preterm (≤ 36 weeks) and term (>36 weeks) human neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, with special attention to the strengths and weaknesses of each model.

Methods:

A structured literature search was performed independently by two authors and the results of the searches were compiled. Animal model, human brain age equivalency, mechanism of injury, and area of brain injury were recorded for comparison to imaging findings in preterm and term human neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Conclusion:

Numerous animal models have been developed to better elicit the expected findings that occur after HIE by allowing investigators to control many of the clinical variables that result in injury. Although modeling the same disease process, magnetic resonance imaging findings in the animal models vary with the species and methods used to induce hypoxia and ischemia. The further development of animal models of HIE should include a focus on comparing imaging findings, and not just pathologic findings, to human studies.
Community Experience In Protecting Early-Teenagers From Initiation Of Smoking: An Indonesian Perspective
Authors: Kumboyono Kumboyono , Hamid Achir Yani S. , Sahar Junaiti , Bardosono Saptawati
Published: October 2018

Background:

Initiation of smoking habit often occurs in early teens due to the interaction of teenagers with the social environment. The community has an important role in protecting teenagers from the habit of smoking.

Objective:

The research was aimed to explore the experience of the community in protecting the early-teenagers from smoking habit from the perspective of Indonesian people.

Materials and Methods:

The qualitative study used the descriptive phenomenology approach on 100 participants (early-teenagers, parents, teachers, and school nurses) who were selected through snowball sampling method. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. The data were analysed manually using the data source triangulation method.

Results:

Six research topics were concluded: 1) screening of habits related to health, 2) smoking bans, 3) punishment for smoking habit, 4) smoke-free counseling, 5) evaluation of efforts done, and 6) follow-up of smoking-free programs.

Conclusion:

The results of the study indicated the importance of consistent efforts to prevent the initiation of smoking habit in early-teenagers both at school and at home. The communities around them at school and home need to have people with healthy non-smoking habit as good role models for the teens.
Multilingualism in Counselor Education and Human Services Professionals: Implications for a New Training Paradigm
Authors: Swazo Roberto , Celinska Dorota
Published: October 2018

This study analyzes the relationships among the three distinct levels of language and cultural-linguistic professional competences. A total of 483 participants from three U.S. and one Central American university representing the fields of counseling, social work, family services, and psychology were surveyed. The results suggest that there is a large multilingual training deficit among human service providers in the U.S. Training programs need to make curricular revisions to include bi/multilingual training consistent with multilingual clientele. Recommendations for culturally-embedded and non-native language use are provided to increase cultural-linguistic competences among counselor education trainees.
Evaluation of ultra-high bypass ratio engines for an over-wing aircraft configuration
Authors: Giesecke Daniel , Lehmler Marcel , Friedrichs Jens , Blinstrub Jason , Bertsch Lothar , Heinze Wolfgang
Published: October 2018

Today, main hub airports are already at their capacity limit and hence, smaller airports have become more interesting for providing point-to-point connections. Unfortunately, the use of regional airports induces an increased environmental footprint for the population living around it. In an attempt to solve the related problems, the research project Coordinated Research Centre 880 aims to examine the fundamentals of a single-aisle aircraft with active high-lift configuration powered by two geared ultra-high bypass turbofan engines mounted over the wing. Low direct operating costs, noise shielding due to the over-wing configuration, and short runway lengths are the main advantages. Highlighting the performance, economical and noise benefits of a geared ultra-high bypass engine is the key aim of this paper. This assessment includes a correspondingly adjusted aircraft. Open literature values are applied to design the two investigated bypass ratios; a reference engine with a bypass ratio of 5 and 17 respectively. This study shows that a careful selection of engine mass flow, turbine entry temperature and overall pressure ratio determines the desirable bypass ratio. The aircraft direct operating costs drop by 5.7% when comparing the designed conventional with a future ultra-high bypass ratio engine. Furthermore, the sound at source for a selected mission and operating condition can be reduced by 7 dB. A variable bypass nozzle area for the ultra-high bypass ratio engine is analysed in terms of performance and operability. An increase of safety margin is shown for the turbofan engine with a variable bypass nozzle. It is concluded that this unconventional aircraft configuration with ultra-high bypass ratio engines mounted over the wing has the potential to relieve main hub airports and reduce the environmental impact.
Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil and its anti-candidal activities against clinical isolates of Candida albicans isolated from women with candidiasis
Authors: Mahboubi Mohaddese , Attaran Bahareh
Published: October 2018

Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad is known as antiseptic and analgesic agent in folk medicine. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the anti-candidal activity of S. khuzistanica aerial parts essential oil against clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which were isolated from women with chronic recurrent candidiasis. For this purpose, the chemical composition of hydro-distilled essential oil was determined by GC and GC-MS analysis. Then, the anti-candidal activity of essential oil and its main component (carvacrol) were determined. Carvacrol (94.1%) was the main component of essential oil, followed by β-bisabolene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene. S. khuzistanica essential oil had strong anti-candidal activity against clinical isolates of C. albicans via inhibition of germ tube formation and induction the huge punctures in the cytoplasmic structures. The cell membranes were intact in presence of essential oil or carvacrol. S. khuzistanica essential oil as the main source of carvacrol can be used for treatment of C. albicans related infections.
Estimación de la prevalencia de Salmonella spp. en pechugas de pollo para consumo humano provenientes de cuatro localidades de Bogotá- Colombia
Authors: Castañeda-Salazar Rubiela , Pereira-Bazurdo Angie Natalia , Pulido-Villamarín Adriana Del Pilar , Mendoza-Gómez María Fernanda
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de Salmonella spp. en muestras de pechugas de pollo para consumo humano en diferentes localidades de Bogotá.Materiales y métodos: Se obtuvieron 72 muestras en tiendas y plazas de mercado de 4 localidades de la ciudad. Las muestras fueron procesadas por métodos microbiológicos y moleculares estandarizados para la detección e identificación de Salmonella spp.Resultados: La prevalencia estimada para Salmonella spp. fue del 29.2% (n=21), de las cuales el 52.4% (n=11) fueron obtenidas a partir de muestras de tiendas y el 47.6% (n=10) de las muestras de plazas de mercado. Los serovares identificados con mayor frecuencia fueron Salmonella enterica group IIIb, S. Bredeney y S. Virchow. Las localidades con mayor presencia del patógeno fueron Usaquén y Fontibón.Discusión: Estudios realizados en Colombia reportan una prevalencia del 27% para Salmonella spp. en muestras de carcasas completas, lo que coincide con lo observado en este estudio, esto podría asociarse con inadecuadas condiciones de manejo y/o almacenamiento del producto.Conclusión: Se determinó la presencia de Salmonella spp. en las muestras de pechugas de pollo evaluadas, lo que implica un riesgo potencial para la salud pública, por lo que es necesario ampliar este tipo de estudios para conocer la situación real a nivel nacional frente a este patógeno.
Etiología y perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana en pacientes con infección urinaria
Authors: Castrillón Spitia Juan Daniel , Machado-Alba Jorge Enrique , Gómez Idarraga Stefania , Gómez Gutierrez Manuela , Remolina León Natalia , Ríos Gallego Juan José
Published: October 2018

Introducción: La infección de vías urinarias (IVU) es una de las enfermedades más prevalentes en la práctica clínicaObjetivo: Identificar los principales agentes etiológicos y la frecuencia de resistencia a antibióticos por parte de microorganismos aislados por urocultivos en pacientes con IVU en un hospital de primer nivel de atención.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, a partir de una muestra aleatoria de pacientes con IVU en La Virginia, Risaralda, entre el 1 de abril de 2014 a 31 de marzo de 2015. Se evaluaron las bacterias aisladas en la totalidad de urocultivos procesados y los resultados de los antibiogramas. Se establecieron frecuencias y proporciones. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó SPSS Statistics 22. Se hizo análisis multivariado.Resultados: Se realizaron 1563 urocultivos en el periodo de estudio, de los cuales 329 (21,0%) mostraron crecimiento mayor a 100.000 UFC. Las frecuencias más altas de resistencia para E. coli se observaron para cefalotina (75,8%), ampicilina (72,6%) y trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol (55,3%). De 296 pacientes seleccionados aleatoriamente se halló que la cistitis era la IVU más frecuente (70,3%) y al 50,7% no se les prescribió ningún antimicrobiano. El uso de antiulcerosos se asoció con mayor probabilidad de uso inadecuado del antibiótico (OR:4,28; IC95%:1,070-17,153; p=0,04).Conclusiones: Existe una elevada resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos de primera línea para el tratamiento de las IVUs, lo que sugiere la importancia de identificar los microorganismos y sus perfiles de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos para seleccionar con mejor criterio cual emplear.
Ileostomía y lavado colónico anterógrado con Vancomicina en el manejo de infección por Clostridium difficile
Authors: Rosso Fernando , Hormaza María Paula , Cedano Jorge Andrés , Mora Bárbara Lucia , García Alberto Federico
Published: October 2018

La infección por Clostridium difficile es la principal causa de diarrea asociada al cuidado de la salud. Durante los últimos años se ha incrementado la morbilidad y mortalidad por esta infección. Las recientes investigaciones se orientan a la búsqueda de tratamientos alternativos a la colectomía subtotal para los pacientes con infecciones severas por Clostridium difficile, es por esto que el presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer la revisión del caso clínico de una paciente con colitis severa por Clostridium difficile refractaria al manejo de primera línea, que respondió satisfactoriamente al tratamiento con lavado colónico anterógrado con vancomicina vía ileostomía en asa.
Insulin Detemir Versus Insulin Glargine in the Hospital: Do Hypoglycemia Rates Differ?
Authors: Crisher Michelle A. , Giuliano Christopher A. , Hartner Carrie L.
Published: October 2018

IN BRIEF Several studies have compared the safety and efficacy of insulin detemir and insulin glargine; however, most have been conducted in the ambulatory care setting. This retrospective cohort study compared hypoglycemia rates between the two basal insulin analogs in hospitalized patients with diabetes. No difference was found between the two insulin cohorts in the proportion of patients who experienced hypoglycemic events.
SENSE OF PLACE AND SOCIAL ANXIETY RELATIONS OF NEW COMERS OF RADEN INTAN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, LAMPUNG
Authors: Jatmiko Agus
Published: October 2018

Migration is a form of migration that can be seen in several regions in Indonesia. Wandering not only occurs in finding work but also in students who will continue their education in college. Migrant students will experience situations that are different from life in their place of origin, for example differences in culture, language and communication. As social beings we cannot be separated from interaction, where in this interaction a special feeling will be formed that is received by humans produced from a place with various elements in it, including those who live in it, this special feeling is called the sense of place . In interacting not all individuals feel safe and comfortable, but there are also those who have feelings of anxiety, fear, or worry about the surrounding environment, ­­­­ anxiety or concern related to social situations is called social anxiety. This study uses quantitative research methods with the subject of 90 students from Tarbiyah and Teaching Faculty of Lampung State Islamic University as chosen by using the sample technique, namely purposive sampling. Data collection uses a questionnaire about the variable sense of place and social anxiety variables . Hypothesis testing in this study uses Product Moment correlation analysis . The conclusion of the study is that there is a relationship between the sense of place and social anxiety on students from the Tarbiyah Faculty of Education and Teacher Training at the State Islamic University Raden Intan Lampung.
IMPLEMENTATION OF STUDENT MANAGEMENT AT MA MA'ARIF 04 KALIREJO LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun
Published: October 2018

This study discusses the students' management of activity programs at  MA Ma'arif 04 Kalirejo, central Lampung. Data collection was done by using interview, observation and documentation. This is  a kind of a field research by using descriptive-qualitative approach. Sources of research data included representatives of the madrasa vice principal of student affairs, teachers and administrative staff. The result shows that the management implementation of students in MA Ma'arif 04 Kalirejo, Central Lampung has been carried out well. This can be seen from the existing indicators regarding student management, namely: analysis of the needs of students, recruitment of students including formation of the committee, formulating registration requirements, dissemination of information, providing form registration, registration and registration, selection of students, orientation, grouping of students, coaching and development of students including  discipline of students, extra curricular activities, guidance and counseling, special services, recording and reporting, as well as graduates and alumni.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PONDOK PESANTREN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT MASYARAKAT: Studi Kasus Pemberdayaan Santri Pondok Pesantren Nurul Ulum Munjungan
Authors: Nurhadi Imam
Published: October 2018

Pondok Pesantren memiliki basis sosial yang jelas, karena keberadaannya menyatu dengan masyarakat. Pada umumnya, pesantren hidup dari, oleh, dan untuk masyarakat. Hal ini menuntut adanya peran dan fungsi pondok pesantren yang sejalan dengan situasi dan kondisi masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara yang terus berkembang. Dan sebagian yang lain sebagai suatu komunitas, pesantren dapat berperan menjadi penggerak bagi upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penggumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi partisifasif, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisisdata meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, pengecekkan ke absahan temuan dilakukan dengan derajat kepercayaan (crebelity), keteralihan (transferabily), keberngantungan (dependability) dan kepastian (confirmability). Informan peneliti yaitu Pengasuh, pengurus/ustadz, santri, alumni dan beberapa masyarakat.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; (1) Pemberdayaan Masyrakat Dalam Bidang dalam bidang Keagamaan Pondok Pesantren Nurul Ulum mempunyai beberapa kegitan yaitu: Asosiasi Santri  At-Taufiq. (2) Pemberdayaan Dalam Bidang Pendidikan.Dalam bidang pendidikan ini, Pondok Pesantren Nurul Ulum Munjungan telah mewujutkan peranya pada masyarakat sekitar yaitu membangun sekolah formal berupa TK dan SD (3) Pemberdayaan Dalam Bidang sosial. Sebagimana yang telah dipaparkan dalam bab sebelumnya bahwa pemberdayaan sosial ini telah melakukan: Membagun masjid 3 Masjid, pemberian modal dan lapangan pekerjaan kepada orang yang membutuhkan, penghijauan lingkungan yaitu penanaman pohon.
MANAJEMEN STRES DALAM PERSPEKTIF TASAWUF
Authors: Sugianto Sugianto
Published: October 2018

Kemampuan menyesuaikan diri dan mengontrol emosi dalam menyikapi berbagai problema kehidupan menjadikan manusia rentan pada gangguan mental seperti stres, cemas dan gelisah. Kemajuan sains dan teknologi pada masyarakat modern dan munculnya pemahaman the death of god membuat manusia semakin jauh dari transedental keagamaan dan lingkungan sosial sehingga menggangap dirinya adalah real creator. Berlandaskan pada akal sebagai dewa penyelamat bagi dirinya menjadikan dirinya termasuk dalam kategori orang yang mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental (neurose dan pcychose).Ajaran sufistik dalam memberikan solusi adalah dengan konsep takhalli, tahalli dan tajalli menjadi aspirin bagi jiwa manusia. Melalui dzikir dan wirid yang diberikan oleh seorang mursyid arif billah sehingga dzikir tersebut dapat memberi manfaat dan dapat menerangi batinnya, dari qolb yang ghoflah (kondisi hati yang lalai, yaitu tidak mengingat Alloh), intibah  (hati yang telah bangun dari tidurnya atau lalai), yahdoh (hati yang sadar), hudur (hati yang hadir, yaitu hadirnya hati ketika berdzikir), muroqobah (mengawasi, memperhatikan gerak gerik hati, yaitu hati yang sudah mampu memperhatikan siapa yang memperhatikannya), musyahadah(menyaksikan), muwajahah (bertemu), iman taqlid, iman ilmu, iman iyan, iman haq, iman hakekat dan pada puncaknya menjadi manusia sempurna atau insan kamil. Sehingga manusia dapat mengenal hakikat diri seorang hamba yang harus rela dan cinta pada ketentuan dari yang Maha Kuasa.
ESTUDIO DE VIBRACIÓN EN LOSAS DE VIGUETA Y BOVEDILLA DEBIDA AL CAMINAR DE PERSONAS
Authors: Caballero Garatachea Omar , Juárez Luna Gelacio , Ruiz Manuel
Published: October 2018

En este trabajo se evalua un método analítico para calcular la frecuencia natural fundamental y la pseudo-aceleración de losas de vigueta y bovedilla prefabricada. La frecuencia natural por vibración libre y la pseudo-aceleración por vibración forzada debida al caminar de personas. Se realiza un estudio experimental y uno numérico de dos especímenes para obtener sus respuestas dinámicas. Se comparan las pruebas experimentales con soluciones analíticas y numéricas. Uno de los especímenes se probó en laboratorio y el otro en un edificio de mampostería confinada destinado a vivienda. De la evaluación realizada se observa que las soluciones tanto analíticas como numéricas en la obtención de la frecuencia natural fundamental son adecuadas. Sin embargo, la aceleración máxima calculada debida al caminar de personas difiere entre cada aproximación. Por lo que es necesario utilizar una carga dinámica representativa para modelar adecuadamente el caminarde personas.