bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Ultrasonic Vibration Effects on Punch Radial in Sheet Hydroforming Process
Authors: Ghasemi Reza , Elyasi Majid , Baseri Hamid , Mirnia Mohammad Javad
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, one of the metal forming processes that are widely used in industries is sheet hydroforming. Because of high complexity and sensitivity, this process needs precise calculations in the die and method to control metal flow correctly and prevent defects. Therefore recently, new processes were combined to this process to increase precision and effectiveness. For example, ultrasonic vibration assistance forming. Using hydroforming and ultrasonic vibration as new methods were studied in several research types separately, and each of them redounded to different analyses and improvements in the process. Even synchronic use of these two methods was studied in some metal forming processes such as tube hydroforming, but it has not been studied in sheet hydroforming. Therefore the aim of this research is the experimental study of St14 sheet hydroforming ultrasonic vibration assistance. For this purpose, ultrasonic vibration (with 20 KHz frequency and 4μm amplitude) was applied to a hydromechanical deep drawing die into punch radial in the hydroforming process. Then process parameters consisting of LDR, maximum height, forming force, safe working zone, and thickness distribution were determined and compared in four case states conventional deep drawing(CDD), hydroforming deep drawing(HDD), ultrasonic vibration assistance deep drawing(UDD) and ultrasonic vibration assistance hydroforming deep drawing(UHDD). Results indicated that applying ultrasonic vibration into the sheet hydroforming process increases LDR and the maximum height of the cup, decreases forming force and develops a safe working zone. Also was very effective in thickness distribution and decrease of sheet thinning in critical sections.
Bioproduction of Eriodictyol By Escherichia Coli Engineered Co-Culture
Authors: Nguyen Thuan , Tatipamula Vinay Bharadwaj , Viet Tran Thanh , Tien Nguyen Quang Duc , Loc Nguyen Hoang
Published: December 2021

Eriodictyol is a flavonoid in the flavanones subclass. It is abundantly present in a wide range of medicinal plants, citrus fruits, and vegetables. In addition, eriodictyol owns numerous importantly medicinal bioactivities such as inhibition of proliferation, metastasis and induction of apoptosis in glioma cells or inhibition of glioblastoma migration, and invasion. This study described the heterologous production of eriodictyol by E. coli based co-culture engineering system from the initial substrate as D-glucose. Notably, the upstream module was composed of genes for synthesis of p-coumaric acid (pCA) from D-glucose. The downstream module consisted of genes for the synthesis of eriodictyol from p-coumaric acid. The maximal result of eryodictyol was achieved 51.5 mg/L using optimal culture conditions, while mono-culture was only achieved 21.3 mg/L. In conclusion, co-culture was the efficiently alternative approach for the synthesis of eriodictyol and other natural products.
Seismic Risk Analysis of Regular Girder Bridge Subjected to Mainshock-Aftershock Sequences
Authors: CHEN LIBO , Zhou Jianhong , Zhou Qiluan
Published: December 2021

When a structure is subjected to an earthquake sequence, the high rate of aftershocks after the mainshock and cumulative damage caused by the earthquake sequence make the structure very dangerous. Considering the uncertainty in seismic occurrences, structural damage is often predicted using a seismic risk analysis. This approach has become a main measure for seismic disaster assessment, and provides a reasonable reference for post-earthquake emergency response decision-making and pre-earthquake seismic design. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a seismic risk analysis considering the effect(s) of aftershocks. In this study, the aftershock hazard is estimated for a post-mainshock environment based on an aftershock probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Considering the uncertainty regarding the mainshock and aftershock occurrences, in addition to the functional relationship between the mainshock and aftershock parameters, the aftershock seismic hazard is estimated for the pre-mainshock environment. The mainshock fragility and aftershock fragility of regular girder bridges are evaluated based on the Kunnath damage model. Finally, considering the damage accumulation in bridge structures, the seismic hazard and seismic fragility are combined to establish a post-mainshock aftershock seismic risk framework and pre-mainshock mainshock-aftershock seismic risk analysis framework. Based on these, the mainshock risk and mainshock-aftershock risk are compared to verify the importance of considering the aftershock effects in seismic disaster assessments. The aftershock risks for the bridges of different post-mainshock damage states are compared, and the influence of the initial damage after the mainshock on the damage to the structure in the post-mainshock environment is studied.
Numerical and Experimental Investigations on a Friction Ring Damper for a Flywheel
Authors: He Xiaodong , Zheng Zhiwei , Huang Xiuchang , Wang Sen , Wei Xinsheng , Wang Yong , Hua Hongxing
Published: December 2021

A damping strategy using a friction ring damper for an industrial flywheel was numerically and experimentally investigated. The friction ring damper, located on the arms of the flywheel, was experimentally found to effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of the flywheel. The vibration energy is dissipated when relative motions occur at the friction contact interfaces. Nonlinear dynamic analysis based on a lumped-parameter model of a flywheel equipped with a friction ring damper was conducted. A dimensionless parameter, κ, defined as the ratio of the critical friction force to the amplitude of harmonic force, was used to evaluate the damping performance. For several values of κ, steady-state responses under harmonic excitation and nonlinear modes were obtained using the harmonic balance method (HBM) combined with the alternating frequency–time domain method (AFT). The forced response analysis proved the existence of an optimal value of κ, which can minimize the vibration amplitude of the flywheel. The nonlinear modal analysis showed that all the damping ratio–frequency curves are completely coincident even for different κ, and the frequency corresponding to the maximum damping ratio is equal to the frequency at the intersection of the forced response curves under the fully slip and the fully stick states of the friction contact interface. By analyzing the behaviors of the friction contact interface, it is shown that the friction contact interface provides damping in the combined stick–slip state. The forced response under random excitation was calculated using the Runge–Kutta method and the friction interface behaviors were analyzed. Finally, spectral testing was conducted to verify the numerical results.
Infection Fatality Rate and Infection Attack Rate of COVID-19 in South American Countries
Authors: Musa Salihu Sabiu , Tariq Amna , Yuan Liu , Haozhen Wei , He Daihai
Published: December 2021

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic hit South America badly with two waves. Different COVID-19 variants have been storming across the region, leading to more severe infections and deaths even in places with high vaccination coverages.Methods: We use the start-of-the-art iterated filtering likelihood-based inference disease modelling framework. We modify the classical susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model with a time-varying transmission rate, and additional delayed class and vaccinations to reported COVID-19 deaths in 12 South American countries with the highest COVID-19 mortalities. Results: We yield biologically reasonable estimates for the infection fatality rate (IFR), the infection attack rate (IAR) and time-varying transmission rate. We observe that the severity, the dynamical patterns of the deaths and the time-varying transmission rates among the countries are highly heterogeneous. Further, our analysis of the model with vaccination highlights that increasing the vaccination rate could effectively suppress the pandemics in South America.Conclusion: This study reveals the possible mechanism behind the two waves of COVID-19 in South America. We observe reductions in the transmission rate corresponding to each wave plausibly due to improvement in nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) measures and human protective behavior reaction to recent deaths. Thus, strategies coupling social distancing and vaccination could substantially suppress the mortality rate of COVID-19 in South America.
Micro-structural and compositional study: ε-Fe2O3 crystals in the Hare’s Fur Jian Ware
Authors: Tao Shiqian , Liu Song , Yuan Yimeng , Dong Junqing , Li Qing-Hui
Published: December 2021

The Jian kilns in the present-day Jianyang county of Fujian province are well-known as their thick and lustrous black-glazed porcelain production. The hare’s fur (HF) glazed Jian wares characterized by radial fur-like strips, as one of the most typical representatives of black-glazed tea bowls, are originated from phase separation of glaze melt and crystallization of iron oxides. In this work, various techniques were performed on the yellowish-brown HF samples, including portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (PXRF), synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The objective of this study was to well understand the microstructure characteristics and chemical compositions of glaze patterns. Results showed that the main constituents of the ceramic glaze were alumina (10.61-16.43 wt.%), silica (62.20-77.07 wt.%), calcium (3.85-6.97 wt.%) and iron oxide (4.10-8.35 wt.%). The studies evidenced that the presence of metastable epsilon-hematite crystals (ε-Fe2O3) formed on the brownish yellow glazed surface. Microstructural analysis revealed that there were three types of crystal structures in the glaze surface, one consisted of well-grown leaf-like or dendritic-like structure with highly ordered branches at micrometers scales, one was comprised of flower-like clusters accompanied by branches radiating from the center, petals growing along the branches and needles on both sides of the petals, and the last embraced a honeycomb structure tightly packed with plentiful spherical or irregular-shaped particles. In addition, ε-Fe2O3 crystals in the cross-section of glaze showed a gradient distribution.
A Joint Use of Pooling And Imputation For Genotyping SNPs
Authors: Clouard Camille , Ausmees Kristiina , Nettelblad Carl
Published: December 2021

Background: Despite continuing technological advances, the cost for large-scale genotyping of a high number of samples can be prohibitive. The purpose of this study is to design a cost-saving strategy for SNP genotyping. We suggest making use of pooling, a group testing technique, to drop the amount of SNP arrays needed. We believe that this will be of the greatest importance for non-model organisms with more limited resources in terms of cost-efficient large-scale chips and high-quality reference genomes, such as application in wildlife monitoring, plant and animal breeding, but it is in essence species-agnostic. The proposed approach consists in grouping and mixing individual DNA samples into pools before testing these pools on bead-chips, such that the number of pools is less than the number of individual samples. We present a statistical estimation algorithm, based on the pooling outcomes, for inferring marker-wise the most likely genotype of every sample in each pool. Finally, we input these estimated genotypes into existing imputation algorithms. We compare the imputation performance from pooled data with the Beagle algorithm, and a local likelihood-aware phasing algorithm closely modeled on MaCH that we implemented. Results: We conduct simulations based on human data from the 1000 Genomes Project, to aid comparison with other imputation studies. Based on the simulated data, we find that pooling impacts the genotype frequencies of the directly identifiable markers, without imputation. We also demonstrate how a combinatorial estimation of the genotype probabilities from the pooling design can improve the prediction performance of imputation models. Our algorithm achieves 93% concordance in predicting unassayed markers from pooled data, thus it outperforms the Beagle imputation model which reaches 80% concordance. We observe that the pooling design gives higher concordance for the rare variants than traditional low-density to high-density imputation commonly used for cost-effective genotyping of large cohorts. Conclusions: We present promising results for combining a pooling scheme for SNP genotyping with computational genotype imputation, as demonstrated in simulations on human data, while using half the number of assays needed for sample-wise genotyping. These results could find potential applications in any context where the genotyping costs form a limiting factor on the study size, such as in marker-assisted selection in plant breeding.
Fine-scale Landscape Variability of Cotonou City, Benin: Insights From Three Contrasted Urban Neighborhoods
Authors: Dossou Henri-Joël , Tenté Brice , Houémènou Gualbert , Sossou Mariano Davy , Rossi Jean-Pierre , Dobigny Gauthier
Published: December 2021

Urbanization consist in a complex and deep human-driven environmental change that strongly impacts the ecology and evolution of living organisms, including pathogens, reservoir and vector species hence human health. Quantitative proxies of urban landscapes may be very useful to sum-up such a complexity and to guide fundamental and applied research as well as urban planning programs. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide landscape and uses metrics which can be investigated through multivariate analyses, thus providing pertinent synthetic landscape descriptors. As such, our study describes the fine-scale modelling of three urban neighborhoods of Cotonou city, Benin, using GIS, landscape metrics and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Spatial variability between and within neighborhoods revealed different levels of variability, with elements differentiating the three areas from each other, while local neighbourhood-specific variations were also evidenced. We found that Cotonou landscapes are strongly influenced by their history, the natural environment in which they develop as well as the urban planning trajectories. This case study shows that PCA-analyzed of GIS-based metrics may be very relevant to describe and understand the variability of urban landscapes at different scales, thus constituting a valuable tool for urban management of African cities.
Liver Iron Concentration Assessed by SQUID Biosusceptometry Compared to Heat-dried Liver Biopsy: A Blinded Study.
Authors: Weyhmiller Marcela , Pakbaz Zahra , Butz John , Fung Ellen , Paulson Douglas , Pratt Kevin , Rowland Jon , Vichinsky Elliott , Lal Ashutosh , Fischer Roland , Harmatz Paul
Published: December 2021

Objective Biomagnetic liver susceptometry (BLS) is a noninvasive method to quantify liver iron concentration (LIC). Here we report our findings from a prospective study which validates in vivo LIC from a SQUID biosusceptometer by in vitro LIC in fresh tissue and paraffin-embedded biopsies from patients at risk for iron overload.Materials and Methods LIC was measured by BLS and biopsy. LIC by biopsy were measured in 40 dry weight fresh tissue and paraffin-embedded liver biopsy samples. LIC from biopsies and total iron scores from histology were compared to biosusceptometry. In addition, the wet-to-dry weight ratio was determined.Results Liver iron concentrations measured by BLS and in 40 fresh tissue biopsies were related by a factor of 6.0 ± 0.2 (r2 = 0.88). Similar results were obtained from comparisons with deparaffinized biopsies (6.6±0.3, r2=0.87) and histology (6.7±1.3, r2=0.47). In contrast, a mean wet-to-dry weight ratio of 4.1 ± 0.7 was achieved from biopsies immediately weighed after the biopsy procedure.ConclusionLIC derived from two independent measures, the historical biopsy gold standard and biosusceptometry, were highly correlated. When comparing biosusceptometry with wet weight biopsies, the liver tissue sample size is critical.
Next Generation Ground-Motion Prediction Equations for Indo-Gangetic Plains, India
Authors: Keshri Chhotu Kumar , Mohanty William Kumar
Published: December 2021

India's Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and its proximity to the Himalayas are seismically the most vulnerable zone. For seismic hazard analysis, it requires a reliable Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) for this region. The strong motion accelerometer data are used for the present study from 2005 to 2015. PSA of 5% damped linear pseudo-absolute acceleration response spectra at 27 periods ranging from 0.01 s to 10 s used for regression. Two-stage nonlinear regression is used to train the functional form of a nonlinear magnitude scaling, distance scaling, and site conditions. The model includes a regionally independent geometric attenuation finite fault distance metric, style of faulting, shallow site response, basin response, hanging wall effect, hypocentre depth, regionally dependent anelastic attenuation, site conditions, and magnitude-dependent aleatory variability. We consider our new GMPE is valid for earthquakes from active tectonic shallow crustal continental earthquakes for estimating horizontal ground motion for rupture distances ranging from 1 km to 1500 km and magnitudes ranging from 3.3 to 7.9, and focal depth 1-70 km. The proposed GMPEs developed in this study for predicting PGA and PSA are compared with the Campbell and Bozorgnia 2008, 13 and 14, and North Indian GMPEs for IGP, which is agreed upon consistently. Calibration with observed data gives us the confidence to predict the ground motion from the seismic gaps of Himalaya ranges for the Indo-Gangetic plains. The predicted coefficients of the nonlinear model are anticipated to be valuable for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis over the IGP.
Commitment to protective measures during COVID-19 pandemic in Syria: a nationwide cross-sectional study.
Authors: Shibani Mosa , Alzabibi Mhd Amin , Mohandes Abdul Fattah , Armashi Humam , Alsuliman Tamim , Mouki Angie , Ismail Hlma , Alhayk Shahd , Rmman Ahmad abdulateef , Mushaweh Hala Adel Almohi Alsaid , Mansour Marah , Battikh Elias , Khalayli Naram , Sawaf Bisher , Kudsi Mayssoun
Published: December 2021

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continues to impose itself on all populations of the world. Given the slow pace of vaccination in the developing world and the absence of effective treatments, adherence to precautionary infection control measures remains the best way to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic from spiraling out of control. In this study, we aim to evaluate the extent to which the Syrian population adheres to these measures and analyze the relationship between demographic variables and adherence.
Methods

This cross-sectional study took place in Syria between January 17 and March 17, 2021. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The questionnaire was distributed in both electronic and printed versions. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.25. The chi-square test was used to address the correlation between adherence and demographic variables.
Results

Of the 10083 reached out, only (74.6%) responded. Of them, 4026 (53.5%) were women, 3984 (52.9%) were single, and 1908 (25.3%) had earned university degrees. 5286 (70.25) were classified as the good adherers to protective measures. Statistically significant differences across age, sex, marital status, financial status, employment, and educational attainment when correlated against commitment to preventive measures. Young age, female sex, good financial status, and having a full-time job and post-graduate education were positively correlated to the stronger commitment to preventive measures. Furthermore, those who believed that COVID-19 poses a major risk to them or society were more committed to preventive measures than those who did not.
Conclusion

The participants in this study generally showed a high level of adherence to the preventive measures compared to participants in other studies from around the world, with some concerns regarding risk perception and the sources of information they depend on. Public health and community education efforts should focus on maintaining, if not expanding, this level of commitment, which would mitigate the pandemic’s impact on Syrian society.
Unclasping potential chickpea resources for biofortification of the antioxidant enzyme Superoxide Dismutase
Authors: Singh Amrendra Pratap , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Hegde VS , Shukla Narayani , Saini Pinki , Yadav Renu , Yadav Neelam , Aggrwal Ranjana , Kumar Rajendra
Published: December 2021

Context: The Superoxide Dismutase enzyme plays a very decisive role in governing abiotic and biotic stresses infused the hypothesis for the study.Aims: The investigation was conducted to assess the diverseness and identify novel resources to be utilized in Superoxide Dismutase induced abiotic-biotic stress resistance breeding of chickpea.Methods: The plants were grown in triplicates under recommended agronomic practices using PUSA 256 as check in a randomized block design. Fresh leaves were collected for estimation of enzyme superoxide dismutase and DNA extraction. Number of pods was recorded on 20 individual plants from middle of the row for each of the 12 genotypes. Employing 32 STMS markers together with morpho-biochemical data, Jaccard’s similarity coefficients along with dendrograms were generated to compare and assess the diversity.Key results: Amongst genotypes, the BGD-70 vs ICRISAT-3668 were identified as poorest vs best performers for superoxide dismutase activity. Out of 32 STMS primers, 80 alleles with 2.5 an average per loci were found. The marker TA-80 was identified as most polymorphic. The genotypes ICRISAT-3668 and SBD 377, distantly located on different molecular clusters, expressed higher SOD activity indicating genetic governance, probably by limited number of polygenes / OTLs and might be utilized as potential resources for abiotic-biotic stress resistance.Conclusions: The genotypes ICRISAT-3668, SBD 377 and polymorphic marker TA-80 were identified as novel potential genetic resources.Implications: The identified resources may be employed to widen the germplasm base, prepare maintainable catalogue, systematic blueprints and bifortification for future chickpea breeding strategies targeting abiotic-biotic stresses.
Two-Dimensional Loading in Vehicle Routing Problem With Release and Due Dates
Authors: Soman Jaikishan , Patil Rahul J
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we study a two-dimensional vehicle loading and routing problem, in which customer orders with deadlines become available for dispatch as per their release dates. The objective is to minimize the sum of transportation, inventory, and tardiness costs, while respecting various loading and routing constraints. This scenario allows us to study various tradeoffs that tend to arise due to temporal order aggregation across release dates. We thereby propose an integrated mathematical formulation to simultaneously model both the routing and loading requirements of the problem at hand. Specifically, as the problem is NP-hard, we propose a scatter search based heuristic approach to solve large-size instances. Further, its performance is enhanced using problem-specific procedures and strategic oscillation approaches. Additionally, the numerical experiments illustrate the influence of cost structures on both the optimal loading configurations along with the optimal routes. Importantly, our experiments also suggest that the proposed scatter search method can produce good quality solutions in less time.
Hydroxylamine Accelerates the Cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II)-Cu(II)/Cu(I) to Enhance the Ability of Fe-Cu Bimetallic System to Activate Peroxymonosulfate to Degrade AO7
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Kuo , Zhou Runjuan , Wang Jinpeng
Published: December 2021

In this study, a new type of iron/copper bimetallic combined with hydroxylamine (HA) activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was constructed to treat organic pollutants. Selecting the azo dye AO7 as the representative of organic pollutants, the new system can achieve nearly 100% degradation of AO7 within 5 minutes. The Fe(Ⅲ)/Cu(Ⅱ)/HA/PMS system mainly generates SO4·- to achieve the degradation of AO7 in acidic environment, while neutral and alkaline environments rely on ·OH. The presence of hydroxylamine accelerates the cycle of Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅰ) in the system, and enhances the degradation ability of the system for organic pollutants. The addition of trace Cu(Ⅱ) (1 μM) enhances the ability of a single Fe(Ⅲ)/HA/PMS system to degrade AO7 in neutral and alkaline environments without causing secondary copper pollution. The common inorganic anions Cl- and NO3- in water have almost no effect on the degradation of AO7 in the system. The constructed Fe(Ⅲ)/Cu(Ⅱ)/HA/PMS system is an efficient and clean organic pollutant wastewater treatment process, which has very promising application prospects.
THz Super-Resolution Imaging in Transmission Technology by Using Butterfly and Pattern Device Samples
Authors: Yadav Nagendra Prasad , Hu Guozhen , Wang Yi-Fan
Published: December 2021

Recently there has been an increasing demand for terahertz technology especially in imaging. In the past few decades, the applications of terahertz (THz) imaging technology have seen significant developments in the fields of biology, medical diagnosis, food safety, and nondestructive testing. The medical and semiconductor industry has always attracted significant attention worldwide. In particular, the importance of real and perfect inspection technologies has been growing due to an increasing demand for improving the quality of life and developing industries. This paper presents the research of THz technology with super-resolution THz imaging in transmission mode on four types of different samples. We have reported transmission measurement at different THz frequency of each sample. The butterfly sample used super-resolution THz imaging. The THz super-resolution is obtained excellent at 1.8 THz, it is near about 1 micrometer. A good resolution images have been obtained. This new THz super-resolution techniques can apply in medical and security purposes. Further applications will be reported in coming papers.
Assessment of bio-availability of Cd, Pb, As and Tl via Gastric/Intestinal Digestion in Plants Collected From Different Kenyan Regions
Authors: MOGWASI RICHARD , Getenga Zachary Moronga , Olale Kennedy , Osunga Salome
Published: December 2021

In this study, total and bio-available levels of cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and Thallium (Tl) in 19 Kenya plants from two study sites (Manga and Borabu) were evaluated. ICP-MS technique was used to determine total Cd, Pb, As and Tl contents, while ultra-filtration and physiological extraction tests evaluated bio-accessibility of these elements. The plants had low concentrations; Cd (0.27±0.02 and 0.26±0.02), As (0.32±0.02 and 0.48±0.04), Tl (0.07± 0.02 and 0.06±0.01) and Pb (1.23±0.11 and 1.16±0.10) mg/kg in Manga and Borabu sites. However, sequential ultra-filtration showed more than 70% high molecular weight species (>10 kDa) predominated with Pb, Cd and Tl. The physiological based tests showed Cd, Pb, As and Tl extracted enzymatically were significantly higher (0.45±0.11, 0.46±0.12, 0.37±0.10 and 0.81±0.19µg/g) than aquatically extracted (0.32±0.07, 0.34±0.11, 0.26±0.08 and 0.50±0.27) µg/g, (p<0.05). Low bio-accessibility levels of these elements in medicinal plants justifies their use therapeutically.
Thoughts on Women Entrepreneurship: An Application of Market Basket Analysis with Google Trends Data
Authors: Semerci Anıl Boz , Özgören Ayşe Abbasoğlu , İçen Duygu
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the popularity and awareness of keywords in Google Trends data related to entrepreneurship of women in a global and cross-regional setting by using market basket analysis. Google Trends is one of the digital data platforms that provides a time series index of the volume of queries users enter into Google in a given geographic area. It is the most popular tool for gathering any information, and it has been used in several topics. Market basket analysis indicates items that appear/used together and the frequency of these appearances. Such technique is appropriate in finding hidden associations between items, which is also crucial in assessing individuals’ thoughts on a specific topic. This study contributes to the literature in terms of being the first study to use market basket analysis on Google trends data in the context of women’s entrepreneurship finding hidden associations between items, which is crucial in assessing individuals’ thoughts on a specific topic. The results of the analysis are interpreted through the lens of genderresponsive strategies, equality, efficiency and social justice in different country and region contexts.
Surging Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Refractory ARDS Due COVID-19 and In-depth Review of Existing Applications
Authors: Matos Wanessa F , Maskey Upasana , Nagpal Shavy , Thakkar Keval , Mohammadi Asma , Shah Heeya , Panda Priyanka , Khan Nida , Bajgain Anjana , Murtaza Faryal
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is a device applied to maintain cardiopulmonary support in patients in whom there is a failure of the cardiopulmonary function to maintain perfusion to vital organs. Previously, ECMO was used in pulmonary embolism, cardiogenic shock, myocarditis, and heart failure cases. Its use in refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased, but the data regarding its safety, efficacy, and mortality benefit remains unclear. The focus of our review is to further expand on these areas and outline the indication, techniques, and complications associated with its use.
Methods: We did an extensive search of various databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and Jama Network and studied 41 papers, including free full articles such as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials published within the past five years.
Results: Implementation of ECMO is advantageous when the PaO2/FiO2 is in the range of 100 to 150 mmHg. For COVID-19 patients, the most appropriate approach is to drain from a femoral venous cannula and thread it to the inferior vena cava just 1-2cm below the cavoatrial junction.  It was seen that the most common complication of ECMO use is coagulopathy. Limb ischemia had a variable incidence from 10 to 70% and is more common in venous-arterial ECMO.
Conclusion: ECMO is lifesaving in a highly selected group of patients to prolong survival, reduce complications and provide a good prognosis in terms of mortality. To prevent circuit thrombosis, anticoagulation is key, and understanding feasible intra-atrial communication sites, such as a patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defects, is beneficial to mitigate the risk of stroke and cutting down consequences of thromboembolism.
Formation of Professional and Value Orientations in Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Lozovan Lyubov' , Elkina Olga
Published: December 2021

The present research featured the development of value orientations in students of various pedagogical departments. It involved a theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign publications on psychology and pedagogy. The experiment relied on Sh. H. Schwartz’s diagnostic Value Questionnaire, which revealed a difference in the focus of value orientations in two groups of students. The first group majored in Primary Education and Extracurricular Activities, while the second specialized in Primary Education. The established difference could be explained by the specifics of the professional activities: the students of the first group acquired an additional set of professional qualities. The research results can help to plan various pedagogical training programs.
Noonomy as a Strategical Project
Authors: Bodrunov Sergey
Published: December 2021

New production technologies create more opportunities to meet people’s needs. However, they inevitably increase the antropogenic load on the environment. Therefore, the social conditions of industrial production have to be changed in such a way as to use the new technologies to solve the emerging problems without aggravating them. One option is to increase the knowledge intensity of production, which means that specific weight of knowledge should be embodied in the production and dominate the material costs. Another option is to replace human functions by automated production means. However, the current social production conditions concentrate new technological opportunities on the production and sales growth, which further increases consumption and the volume of absorbed natural resources. Consumption also grows due to the false needs imposed on consumers. Knowledge-intensive production creates prerequisites for the transition to the second generation industrial society, but this transition alone cannot solve the numerous global problems. The only solution is to replace the current economic criteria of production and consumption with those based on reason and culture, i.e. noonomy, which is a non-economic way of satisfying people’s needs. The roadmap towards noonomy should be a consciously managed strategic project based of the concept of strategizing developed by Professor V.L. Kvint.
Organizational, Economic, and Strategic Aspects of Capitalization of Multipurpose Forest Industries
Authors: Prosekov Alexander , Lisina Natal'ya
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The present article forecasts the organizational, economic, and strategic aspects of the multifunctional forestry capitalization in the Kemerovo region aka Kuzbass. The authors analyzed the current Russian laws in order to answer the following question: is multi-purpose forest utilization able to ensure the rights and interests of all its participants, while providing legal means to resolve various related issues? Study objects and methods. The research featured the legal norms in the field of forest, wildlife, and subsoil utilization. The authors assessed their ability to guarantee sustainable use of natural resources while protecting the rights and legitimate interests of forest users. The study was based on general standard methods of cognition and special legal methods. Results and discussion. Hunting is regulated by hunting sector agreements. The Forest Code and the Hunting Law of the Russian Federation do not prohibit or restrict other types of forest utilization of hunting grounds. Most Western European countries link land ownership to hunting rights, which makes landowners liable for damage caused by hunting and obliged to protect the local fauna. Conclusion. Russian legislation does not provide for direct conciliation and compensation mechanisms in cases a part of hunting ground is used for other purposes, e.g. mining. Russian legislation needs legal termination procedures for hunting sector agreements and compensation rules in case a land plot was seized from hunting providers for subsoil use.
The use of blue-green infrastructure as a multifunctional approach to watersheds with socio-environmental vulnerability
Authors: Gomes Maria Vitória Ribeiro , Battemarco Bruna Peres , Guimarães Luciana Fernandes , Oliveira Antonio Krishnamurti Beleño de , Rutigliani Victória de Araújo , Cabral Felipe Manoel , Bezerra Ronan de Oliveira Pereira , Lourenço Ianic Bigate , Rezende Osvaldo Moura , Magalhães Paulo Canedo de , Miguez Marcelo Gomes , Veról Aline Pires
Published: December 2021

This article investigates how to make the implementation of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) more attractive to solve urban problems in densely occupied watersheds that lack flood control and environmental quality protection infrastructure. Considering the obstacles related to implementing multifunctional solutions in developing countries, measuring its co-benefits (in addition to flood control) may influence greater public and political acceptance. Thus, the paper uses a multifunctional design approach using the urban open space system and combining the blue-green and gray infrastructure. A hydrodynamic model was used to support flood mapping. This approach also increases the land value and the environmental quality of the urban spaces. Two quantitative aspects support this evaluation. The first one represents the land value increase as a positive effect, while the second one assesses the environmental quality of the urban space using the Environmental Quality Assessment Index (EQAI). The results obtained from the urban and environmental evaluation proved that blue and green corridors could promote multiple co-benefits for consolidated urban areas. The increased environmental quality and land value were only possible due to the combined use of BGI and gray infrastructure since BGI can add benefits that the gray infrastructure is not capable of providing.
Willingness of boarding school students in Tanzania to employ point-of-use water treatment: a case study
Authors: Felix Getrude A. , Ngasala Tula. M. , Mbatta Geophrey
Published: December 2021

Access to safe drinking water is a challenge for students in primary and secondary schools in Tanzania. Only 32.7% of primary and secondary schools in Tanzania have access to safe drinking water and the point-of-use water treatment is rarely used. The traditional water disinfection method by boiling is often limited in boarding schools due to cost and time constraints. The objectives were to assess the willingness and attitude of boarding school students toward the use of the alternative water treatment method and determine the quality of drinking water before and after the introduction of the new method. Chlorine tablets were used due to their availability, ease of use, cost, and effectiveness. Weekly evaluations on usage, performance, and acceptability of chlorine tablets were assessed on 42 randomly selected students over a 3-week period in parallel with water sampling and testing before and after using chlorine tablets. Before the introduction of chlorine, only 17% of the students were aware of chlorine tablets, and water sources tested positive for fecal coliform. After introducing the new method, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the attitude of students toward water treatment (100%), water quality (78%), and water consumption (67%). The work demonstrates the need to provide access to cost-effective household water treatment methods, especially in public schools that lack access to safe water.
Possible Legal Cooperation for a BRICS Perspective on International and Transnational Economic Law
Authors: Silva E. M. D. , Campos B. R. S.
Published: December 2021

This research paper seeks to identify and analyze the regulations that rule the economic life of the BRICS countries in the fields of foreign investment’s law, competition law and global administrative law, and further to identify points of convergence and divergence among them in order to indicate the possibilities of legal cooperation to facilitate economic exchanges and investments flow among them. We believe that the possible bottlenecks in trade and investment can be overcome mostly by exchange of experiences, to mitigate the lack of knowledge on national laws and regulations, and by the creation of cooperative mechanisms that facilitate the economic flow among them.
Copyright and Patent Protection of Cloud Storage Software in the BRICS Member States
Authors: Klishin A. , Taran K.
Published: December 2021

In the BRICS Member States, serious attention is paid to Information Technology development in terms of both technology and law. These countries are at the forefront in the development of the digital economy and digital innovations. Cloud storage software is an important element in this sector and is intensively applied in civil law transactions. The processes of approval, storage and sorting of documents are being automated on the basis of the relevant computer programs. This helps companies and government agencies to systemize their operations. At present, the most pressing issues are those related to copyright and copyright holders of computer programs since software code may be copied, even illegally or unconscientiously, and used as the basis for another software product. Cloud storage software is copyright-protected, but, depending on the scope of its use, additional patent protection may be required. Given the rapid development of the IT sector, a software product may be one of the components in an invention subject to patenting. The article focuses on the relationship between copyright and patent protection of software and offers a comparison of the approaches taken by the BRICS countries. Approaches taken by Germany as a European Union Member State and the United States of America are shown in the all-out comparison. The article also analyzes the views of academics on the relationship between copyright and patent protection of software.
MEASUREMENT OF PARAMETERS CHARACTERIZING EARLY VASCULAR AGING WITH THE USE OF OSCILLOMETRIC METHOD DURING SPACE FLIGHT
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Luchitskaya E.S. , Funtova I.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Tank J. ,   German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany, Reuter H. ,   University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Moestl S. ,   German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany, Hoffmann F. ,   German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany, Hönemann J. ,   German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany, Rusanov V.B. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: December 2021

The article covers the studies of the vascular wall functioning in cosmonauts using the data of pulse wave velocity as a biomarker of early vascular aging. The investigations were performed with the use of device Mobilograph twice before launch, every 30 days of 6-month ISS missions and on days 4 and 8 of recovery. Pulse wave velocity has never exceeded threshold values suggesting that participation in low-Earth orbital missions does not put at risk cardiac health threatening with vascular pathologies. Yet, the conclusion can be premature given the limited potentialities of the method and hardware used in the investigation.
INTERFERENCE AND MASKING ACTION OF HIGH-INTENSITY NOISE AND METHODS OF MITIGATION
Authors:   Research and Testing Center (Aerospace Medicine and Military Ergonomics) of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Russian Ministry of Defense, Moscow, Zinkin V.N. , Sheshegov P.M. ,   Research and Testing Center (Aerospace Medicine and Military Ergonomics) of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Russian Ministry of Defense, Moscow
Published: December 2021

Noise is the leading adverse factor in the day-to-day activities of the Russian force units. External nose, high-intensity in particular, degrades operator's efficiency increasing the probability of erroneous actions. The paper dwells on noise interference and masking effects on sound transmission and speech communication. Personal mufflers are unable to reduce noise interference fully, high-intensity noise specifically. Bone conduction is regarded to be an optional pathway of sound transmission. The use of bone conduction gadgets will afford clear communication in high-intensity noise environments.
Lexical variation in Caribbean English
Authors: Kozlova Tetyana , Bespala Liliia , Klymenko Olga
Published: December 2021

The present paper seeks to further develop an interdisciplinary research into language variation and contact studies. Integrating cognitive-onomasiological and ecolinguistic approaches, it addresses lexical diversity in the Caribbean English. The permanent contacts between English and other local and transported languages have caused a wide range of modifications in the Caribbean English lexicon, including allonymy. Allonymy is treated as a contact-induced type of lexical variation leading to the formation of alternative names for the same referents. By tracing the sources of allonyms and disclosing cognitive mechanisms involved in their formation, this study explains the vitality of allonymic lexical items in the complex language ecology of the Caribbean region. It is argued that variation in naming processes is determined by speakers’ cognitive preferences as well as their cultural vigour that manifest in multilingual and multicultural ecology.
Virtual Reality Life Writing and Young Adult Media Practice
Authors: Fleming Hannah
Published: December 2021

This article investigates the impact of digital technologies on the production of life writing texts and media for and by young adults. Five categories in total are examined: (i) Fan Fiction, (ii) life simulator games, (iii) SNS (social networking sites), (iv) VR (virtual reality) documentaries and (v) Webtoons. The article begins by synthesising numerous critical studies on children’s and digital life writing, before analysing two IVR (immersive virtual reality) documentaries in depth. It concludes by discussing the relationship between these on-the-go, online and immersive VR modes and fantasised futures, narratives of extremity and the slice of life genre.
A Victorious Roman Holiday: Life Writing and Loving Beyond Boundaries
Authors: Sanfilippo-Schulz Jessica
Published: December 2021

Immobile during the Coronavirus pandemic, I question the PhD I am currently working on because it focuses on life writing about frequent international migration in childhood. Feeling stuck and disheartened, I look for a little ray of hope in order to escape my Covid-19 limbo. Thinking about how the life writers I am studying would deal with recounting the past experiences of my mobile family, through this Creative Matters piece, I ultimately win endurance and optimism by telling my parents’ story of conquering love beyond boundaries.
Yvonne Delhey, Rolf Parr and Kerstin Wilhelms (eds.), Autofiktion als Utopie // Autofiction as Utopia
Authors: Effe Alexandra
Published: December 2021

This volume, emerging from a conference, brings into conversation research on the two title-words autofiction and utopia. It focuses on what the introduction defines as the point of convergence of these genres or writing modes: the desire to shape reality according to one’s individual vision, which, the editors note, can serve as critical commentary on society (1). In exploring this intersection, the volume takes up an important strand in the discussion on autofiction, namely the one about its potential functions both for individual authors and for society more broadly. Autofiction has been argued to not only allow individuals to express and transform themselves, but also to, for example, empower author and readers with narrative agency by challenging dominant cultural narrative models (Meretoja 2021) and work towards post-conflict reconciliation (Dix 2021).