bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrusion Detection in IOT
Authors:   JSPM University,Pune, Upadhya Vibha , Satish Pokale Akanksha , Sameer Mulla Mushra Anjum , Nalawade Vaishnavi , Budhewar, Dr Anupama Shankarrao
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the efficiency and reliability of suspicious activity alert systems in network security. Our proposed solution utilizes an ensemble learning-based approach, which leverages multiple deep learning techniques. By combining the strengths of these models, we aim to enhance stratification correctness and minimize the fall-outs. Our system is specifically designed to identify suspicious activities by analyzing network traffic data, such as source IP address, destination IP address, port number, and protocol type. By detecting patterns that deviate from normal behavior, such as unusual connections or excessive data transfer, the system can trigger alerts that notify network administrators of potential security threats.

The effectiveness of our proposed approach is demonstrated through rigorous experimental testing using real-world network traffic data. Additionally, our system can adapt and learn over time, making it more effective in detecting and preventing security breaches. In summary, our research contributes to the development of highly efficient and reliable suspicious activity alert systems in network security. Furthermore, our findings shed light on the potential benefits of ensemble learning techniques in this domain.

Keywords—- Suspicious activity, Alert system, Network security, Deep learning, Intrusion detection
Client-Server Model in Online Voting System
Authors:   Dept. of Computer Engineering, A. D. Patel Institute of Technology, CVMU University, Ghori Vivek , Parmar Maulik , Prajaapti Bhagirath , Puvar Priyanka
Published: January 2025

In the modern era, online voting systems provide an efficient and secure method for casting votes via the internet. This article presents an in-depth analysis of an online voting system leveraging a client-server model to manage voter data and ensure seamless voting processes. The system employs two levels of security, using user IDs and passwords, as well as a unique EPIC number for further verification. This article discusses the importance of the client-server architecture in the development of an online voting system, highlighting how it addresses challenges in traditional voting methods, enhances data security, and facilitates transparent elections.

Key Words: Distributed Computing, Online Voting System , Model execution, Resource utilization
AI-Powered Question Management in Conferences
Authors: M Sahana Sharma , Mukherjee Bibek , Shastri Ramya Ganesh , Prasad Shiva , Gaddi Akash A
Published: January 2025

Effective management of audience questions are crucial for enhancing speaker-audience interaction in conferences. However, this process is often hindered by irrelevant or repetitive questions and a lack of participation from introverted attendees. This paper presents an AI-Powered Question Management System designed to address these challenges. Leveraging the DistilBERT model, enhanced with a Question-Topic Relevance Prediction Model, the system predicts whether a question is relevant to the discussion topic using deep learning and NLP techniques. This model combines relevance scoring with semantic similarity matching to deliver highly accurate predictions, ensuring only pertinent questions reach the speaker.

The backend, implemented using Node.js and MongoDB, ensures robust scalability and seamless performance, while the React.js-based frontend delivers user-friendly interfaces tailored to speakers and listeners. Conference speakers benefit from real-time access to prioritized, topic-relevant questions, enabling more focused and impactful discussions. Listeners, on the other hand, can submit queries anonymously, fostering inclusivity and encouraging participation from all attendees.

The Question-Topic Relevance Prediction Model integrates key processes: fine-tuned DistilBERT for binary classification, curriculum learning for optimized training, and similarity-based scoring using topic-specific terms. The model achieves relevance predictions by combining model-generated probabilities and similarity metrics, ensuring a balanced evaluation. Experimental evaluations demonstrate significant improvements in question handling efficiency, including reduced redundancy and enhanced user satisfaction. The proposed solution establishes a scalable, intelligent framework for equitable and effective conference question management, setting a new benchmark in audience engagement technologies.

Index Terms- AI-powered question AI-powered question management, DistilBERT, conference interaction, anonymous submissions, question prioritization, Natural Language Processing (NLP), semantic similarity scoring, audience engagement, scalable question filtering, question-topic relevance prediction.
Adaptive Frequency Synthesizer for 5G SDR
Authors:   dept. Electronics and Communication  Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Hyderbad, India, pidugu Dr Munaswamy , kollu Priyanka , Arikotla Josh , Mashetty Rohith
Published: January 2025

Traditional frequency synthesizer techniques for scalable Software Defined Radio (SDR) systems often struggle with the high demands of modern applications due to their complex computations and sensitivity to path interference, leading to degraded performance in real-time environments. To address these challenges, designing an efficient and robust frequency synthesizer framework within the SDR system is crucial, particularly for 5G wireless communication systems that require enhanced Quality of Service (QoS). This research introduces a hardware-optimized, reconfigurable digital baseband processing and frequency synthesizer model that incorporates error correction and compensation mechanisms within a Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer (DDFS). By integrating these mechanisms, the proposed model reduces design complexity while improving tolerance to phase noise, quantization errors, and other nonlinearities, ensuring reliable performance across a wide range of frequency bands. Experimental results and comparative analyses validate the enhanced performance metrics, and exhaustive test bench simulations confirm the functionality and robustness of the system.

Index Terms—SDR system, Frequency synthesizer, DDFS, Error correction, Phase noise compensation.
SWOT Analysis of Rural Digital Marketing
Authors:   Department of commerce, SVGC Ghumarwin College,, POONAMA, KUMARI
Published: January 2025

India is a country with nearly three-fourth of its consumers belongs to rural market and 1/2 of the national income move towards from the rural market segment. Digital technology is innovative platform for digital marketing in overall the world. The most significant thing about marketing is that it spread over heterogeneity in rural consumer. The rural marketing in urban and rural areas differs due to geographical region. SWOT analysis is strategic frameworks that help to evaluate the rural marketing in different section and segments that how to social media and different Apps to reach rural audience. The core intention of this is to examine the capability of rural markets and finding out the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of rural digital market. The study conducted in Himachal Pradesh respondents to find out the opinion and observation for digital raised area.

Keywords: Digital Marketing, Rural marketing, SWOT Analysis, Social platform
An Analysis into the Behavioral Nature of Capital Formation Through Investments in India
Authors:   Department of Economics, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, Dhaula Kuan, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Naidu a D.Appala. , Sharmab Hardik ,   Department of Statistics, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata.
Published: January 2025

Savings and investments are vital not only for families but also for the advancement of the country. In many economies investment decisions are not based upon borrowing rather the character of Investments changed in the labor consumerist society where investments became the norm and every person in some or the other form try to invest through his savings or even through his current income. This paper mainly aims the study is to analyse what neural behaviour is required in case of trade-offs between consumption investments and savings decision and whether individuals take into account like a rational agent. Correlation study is used to determine the relationship between two or more continuous variables among a single group of people. The low correlation coefficient between per capita net national product and savings-investment shows that the conversion ratio of growth to investment has been quite low with only the richer segment of the society. Another factor which affects the proper relationship between savings and investments is the functioning of the Black Economy, because it acts as a lure for people to diversify their holdings

Keywords: Savings, consumer, borrowings, regression, investment & correlation.
The Influence of Leader Emotional Intelligence, Transactional Leadership and Perceived Organizational Support on Job Performance Mediated by Trust in Supervisor
Authors: Yusnita Iing
Published: January 2025

The primary objective of this research is to explore how the emotional intelligence of a leader, transactional leadership, and perceived organizational support impact job performance through the lens of trust in a supervisor. To collect quantitative data, a non-probability sampling technique was utilised, and an online questionnaire was distributed to 105 employees in Plaza Harco Mangga Dua, Jakarta, who hold supervisory positions and have been with the company for more than a year. Analysis of the data was conducted using SmartPLS-4 software. The findings revealed that leader emotional intelligence, transactional leadership, and perceived organizational support all have a beneficial influence on job performance. Additionally, leader emotional intelligence and transactional leadership were found to positively impact trust in supervisors, and perceived organizational support was also linked to higher levels of trust in supervisors, which in turn influenced job performance positively. In the analysis of mediation, it was found that trust in the supervisor plays a significant role in linking leader emotional intelligence, transactional leadership, and perceived organizational support to job performance. This study indicates that the aforementioned factors have a strong impact on job performance and can accurately predict it (R2 = 0.553, Q2 = 0.356). Moreover, this model also shows a high level of predictability when it comes to trust in the supervisor (R2 = 0.636, Q2 = 0.429). Based on research findings, Plaza Harco Mangga Dua Jakarta management should enhance leader emotional intelligence, transactional leadership, and perceived organizational support to improve employee performance and build trust in leadership.
Perbandingan Sistem Pajak E-Commerce di Indonesia dengan Negara Lain
Authors: Susmala Windy Fatma , Jadidah Wanti Nur , Pahala Indra , Wahono Puji
Published: January 2025

This study aims to compare the e-commerce taxation system in Indonesia with several other countries that have already implemented digital tax policies. With the rapid development of the e-commerce sector, Indonesia faces a major challenge in creating regulations that can accommodate cross-border transactions and ensure tax compliance from local and foreign business actors. This study discusses the main differences between the tax systems implemented in Indonesia and countries such as the European Union, the United States, Australia, and Singapore. The main focus of this study is to analyze the differences in the types of taxes, collection mechanisms, and their impacts on entrepreneurs and state revenues. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with secondary data obtained from government reports and academic sources, as well as a survey of e-commerce actors in Indonesia. The results of this study are expected to provide insights for improving tax policies in Indonesia, especially in aligning the digital taxation system with global trends.
Faktor Determinan Financial Statement Fraud: Pengujian Kualitas Audit sebagai Pemoderasi
Authors: Tiastuti Sindi , Wahyuni Sri , Fitriati Azmi , Wibowo Hardiyanto
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of financial target, profitability, audit committee, and institutional ownership on financial statement fraud with audit quality as moderation. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data. The population in this study are consumer non-cyclical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2022-2023. The sample selection used a purposive sampling method and obtained 104 data samples. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple regression analysis with moderated regression analysis (MRA) by SPSS version 26 program. The results showed that financial target has a positive effect on financial statement fraud, profitability has a negative effect on financial statement fraud, audit committee and institutional ownership have no effect on financial statement fraud, audit quality is proven can moderate by strengthening the effect of financial target on financial statement fraud, audit quality is not proven can moderate the effect of profitability, audit committee, and institutional ownershipon financial statement fraud.
دور الإعلام الجديد في تعزيز المشاركة السياسية وتشكيل اتجاهات الرأي العام السوداني - دراسة ميدانية
Authors: عجيل آدم أحمد آدم , إبراهيم عبد القيوم عبد السلام
Published: January 2025

يمثل الإعلام الجديد بكافة أشكاله أحد مظاهر التفاعل في إطار تكنولوجيا الاتصال والمعلومات الحديثة وأصبح يلعب دوراً مهماً وكبيراً في تعزيز المشاركة السياسية وتشكيل اتجاهات الرأي العام، ويُعد الإعلام  الجديد وسيلة اتصال ﻣؤﺛرة أتاحت للمجتمعات نقل أفكارها ومناقشة قضاياها السياسية والاجتماعية ونقلها إلى فضاءات جديدة متجاوزة كافة الحدود المكانية، تتناول هذه الدراسة موضوع المشاركة السياسية وتشكيل الرأي العام وتحاول الإجابة على سؤال رئيس ومهم: ما دور الإعلام الجديد في تعزيز المشاركة السياسية وتشكيل اتجاهات الرأي العام في السودان؟ وتنبع أهمية هذه الدراسة من كونها تناقش موضوعاً مهماً وحيوياً بالنسبة لقطاع واسع من الجمهور مع زيادة تعرض جميع فئات المجتمع لوسائل الإعلام الجديد ونشر وتداول ومناقشة المعلومات السياسية خاصة مع التغييرات الكبيرة التي طرأت على الحياة السياسية في السودان بعد ثورة ديسمبر 2018، تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور الإعلام الجديد في تنمية وتعزيز المشاركة السياسية في السودان، سيستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بطريقة المسح الاجتماعي وسيتم اختيار عينة بطريقة عمدية من المجتمع الأصلي كما سيتم استخدام الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات المتعلقة بالدراسة.
The Historical Myth in American and Iraqi plays
Authors: Talib Gharbawee Kawakib
Published: January 2025

The mythological Greek heroes of Sophocles' Ajax encounter contemporary stories of the Iraq War and sexual harassment of local soldiers. Ajax, a Greek warrior who loses to Odysseus for the armor of Achilles and succumbs to his arrogance. McLaughlin no doubt saw striking parallels between the Iraq War and the Trojan War. According to McLaughlin, the Greek “history” was most relevant to the audience of the time, and was intended to refer to ongoing wars around the world, including Iraq (McLaughlin, 2014). Rasha Fadhil reveals the archaic origins of Iraqi culture at Ishtar in Baghdad. Tigris-Euphrates Valley refers to a region that included early urban centres and water systems, as well as states and domains as well as works and recorded religious beliefs. The region was home to the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian civic establishments and has been traced back to 7000 BCE by archaeologists. For Ishtar and Tammuz, the underworld is a metaphor for the misfortune of wealth that must be regained, as shown by tales of their adventures in Akkadia and Sumer.
Equipping college students with statistical literacy under the massification of higher education
Authors: Teng Weichen , Huang Yueh-Hsia , Peng Mei-Hui , Liao Tien-Tien
Published: January 2025

Big data analysis has become an essential decision-making tool across various sectors, with statistics serving as the critical knowledge base. However, many college students, especially those with weaker mathematical skills, experience anxiety about statistics. This study explores strategies to improve statistical literacy among such students. Using a questionnaire survey, it focuses on an introductory statistics course at a university in Taiwan, applying the Partial Least Squares method to test the structural equation model. The findings suggest that integrating statistical software into instruction, conducting frequent formative assessments, and designing test content conducive to learning can enhance students' perceived learning outcomes and self-efficacy. Despite limitations like small sample size and representativeness, the study highlights that statistical software not only aids learning but also develops practical skills for real-world application. Open-book exams are recommended, but multiple assessment methods should be used to ensure fairness. The study concludes that while statistics anxiety is difficult to alleviate, enhancing self-efficacy can improve students' attitudes toward statistics. It proposes scaffolding strategies to support students with low mathematical skills, ultimately improving their statistical literacy and confidence.
The untapped potential of affective forecasting skill in language education
Authors: Houshmand Abouzar , Zohoorian Zahra
Published: January 2025

Affective forecasting was originally proposed during 1990s. It was defined as the ability of predicting one’s emotional states as a reaction to future actions. The skill of affective forecasting can be particularly significant in language education settings as it includes many challenges. This skill can immeasurably affect language learners’ academic success as it can influence their motivation and their learning. Such an anticipation may hinder getting into challenges and seems to be a crucial factor for educators in language who wish to provide an environment which encourages resilience and motivation. Reviewing the literature presents the essential components and constructs of this skill. The sub skills of emotional awareness and empathy can both contribute to affective forecasting skill. Also, understanding the context plays a significant role which also entails the interpersonal communication skills. Furthermore, self-regulation as well as reflective practices further support language educators in addressing the emotional complexities that may arise in language learning classrooms. Thus, a combination of these skills can contribute to better understanding of the emotional states. In language classrooms the dynamic nature of individuals’ emotions influenced by cultural context or individual experiences is undeniable. This requires the anticipation of emotions and emotional needs of language learners. Thus, affective forecasting skill stands as a critical construct within language education to create responsive classes catering for diverse language learners with different needs.
Investigating the link between the L2 motivational self system and learning strategy use
Authors: Batsari Sophia , Sougari Areti-Maria
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between motivation, learning strategy use, and English proficiency level in the context of learning English as a foreign language in primary and secondary education in Greece. The L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) and the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) provided the theoretical frameworks for the study to investigate links between the components of each model. The sample comprised 380 primary and 482 lower secondary learners in Greek state schools who were selected by the proportionate stratified random sampling method in two stages. Quantitative data was collected by means of a motivation and learning strategy questionnaire survey and the Quick Placement Test to measure learners’ English proficiency. The results revealed higher motivation and learning strategy scores for primary school learners. At the same time, English proficiency level correlated highly with motivation components for both levels of education, while strong correlations were reported between particular motivation and learning strategy components for primary as well as secondary school learners. In the light of the findings, the advancement of positive learning environments where learners are engaged in practical learning outcomes calls for policy implementation that should be promoted by curriculum designers and educators.
The Development of Reading Teaching Material through Phonics Method for Kindergarten Students at DD2 School Medan in 2023/2024
Authors: Yohana Siti , Tambusai Azhari , Asnawi
Published: January 2025

Several factors influence the teaching and learning process. The first is students. They have different interests, abilities, and behaviours, which will affect their achievement in learning English. Motivation is a basic factor in the teaching and learning process in the classroom. Students who are highly motivated will be active, but students who are low motivated will be passive and disturb other students. The Development Model in this study will be conducted to develop the phonics method as a method in teaching reading materials for kindergarten students. To achieve this goal, a research approach is needed that highlights efforts to produce reading teaching strategies. Therefore, in designing the model, researchers used the Research and Development approach by adapting the Borg and Gall model.Based on the result of the research and development carried out, it can concluded that developing reading materials through the phonics method designed by researchers aims to help students read simple sentences in English. The development of reading materials through the phonics method that has been designed by researchers has passed the validation stage by 2 expert validators. The effectiveness of reading material through phonics method for kindergarten students at DD2 School Medan that has been developed by researchers can be seen from the results of the effectiveness test.
Accounting Determinants of Systematic Risk in Euro Area Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Intrisano Carmelo , Paola Micheli Anna , Maria Calce Anna , Giangrande Nicolò
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between systematic risk and financial-economic variables for listed manufacturing companies that are part of the Euro Area. The study analyses how certain accounting variables impact systematic risk. The sample includes 635 listed companies. The variables are size, efficiency, profitability, liquidity and financial structure. The analysis is based on equity beta. The application of multiple linear least squares regression reveals a statistically significant negative relation between systematic risk and the ratio of equity funds to total liabilities, the EBITDA margin and the ROE. These findings have practical implications for both investors and companies and are consistent with previous studies. An increased equity base serves to enhance the company's overall financial stability, while greater operational efficiency and higher profitability contribute to strengthening the company and reduce systematic risk.
Hotel Property Development Model for the Saudi Hospitality Sector
Authors: Fayadh Habib
Published: January 2025

This paper presents and discusses successful hotel property development model for Saudi hospitality sector. The model is based on the challenges facing the hotel property developers and the success factors of hotel property development in Saudi Arabia as identified by 19 real estate development companies who have developed hotel properties and involved in hotel operation. The challenges and success factors have been identified through face-to-face interviews with these 19 specific real estate developers. These developers have already developed hotel properties and involved in the operation face in Saudi Arabia. 26 success factors have been identified in the interviews with the development directors and/or vice presidents of investments of the 19 developers. These 26 success factors together with the related available literature have been used to propose a successful hotel property development model for the Saudi hospitality sector.
Pathway for Cultivating Practical Abilities of Intelligent Accounting Talents in Application-Oriented Undergraduate Universities
Authors: Zhao Xi , Wang Yanan , Lu Bing , Xu Keming
Published: January 2025

The burgeoning digital economy and the incessant transformation and upgradation of industries have precipitated novel demands for the cultivation of accounting professionals. The exigency for intelligent accounting talent has been accentuated by the industry and is increasingly being deliberated upon within the context of the paradigm shift and evolution of accounting education. Application-oriented universities are entrusted with the responsibility of nurturing pragmatic professionals adept at adapting to regional economic exigencies. However, a plethora of contemporary application-oriented universities are confronted with challenges in accounting education, encompassing imprecise talent development objectives, an obsolete curriculum structure, inadequate practical training components, and feeble faculty competencies. In an endeavor to surmount these quandaries, our university has explored a pathway for cultivating the practical abilities of accounting professionals through a paradigm predicated on "digital empowerment, industry-education synergy, and knowledge-action synergy." This paper propounds measures such as digital empowerment, the integration of "Course-Competition-Certification," and industry-education collaboration to nurture intelligent accounting talent that is congruous with the prevailing socioeconomic development.
Bien, a full, trabajando. Prácticas y experiencias temporales de investigadorxs jóvenes en Argentina
Authors: Cristiano Javier , Lázzaro Ana Inés , Montali Guido
Published: January 2025

The article presents the initial results of research on how young Conicet (National Scientific and Technical Research Council - Argentina) researchers use and experience time in their daily practices. The starting assumption is that the insertion of competitive evaluation and accreditation logics has the effect of increasing the levels of productivity necessary to reach and sustain their jobs, which in temporal terms translates into a rationalization of the time/results equation and in different forms of time pressure, in an objective and subjective sense. Since the phenomenon has not been previously studied in Argentina, this research is exploratory in nature and has been limited to young people who are in the early stages of their career, assuming they are potentially most exposed to this dynamic. The main result is that these young people have to face and resolve four major time-related tensions: the clash between work and other aspects of life; the tension between the long-term demands of the degree and those of the daily or short-term agenda; the strain that arises from the requirements of different aspects of the job; the burden caused by the opposition between the interest in doing well and the need to do something quickly. After presenting its theoretical and methodological approach, the article exposes the different ways in which these tensions are experienced and managed.
Why do countries engage in the preferential trade agreement network?
Authors: Rovira Flavia , Vaillant Marcel
Published: January 2025

We analyze the determinants of Preferential Trade Agreements Networks dynamics. We propose a theoretical framework based in an extension of Baldwin (1995) to rationalize the determinants of PTA formation as a way to maximize preferential market access and/or diminish market discrimination. To build the empirical model we use a Stochastic Actor Oriented Models proposed by Snijders (2001). We suppose that three main set of variables will affect the countries motivation to change their PTA neighborhood at each moment. The first is related to natural trade cost and market size. The second group is related to political economy effects. And finally, we include a variable related to trade specialization, which has not been used in earlier works to explain PTAs. Following Snijders et al. (2012) we also control for hierarchy structures of the PTA, and we extend their work by analyzing the change in this phenomenon when considering a broader period of time. Results show that the signs of usual variables behave as expected in the literature for the first period but hierarchy effect dilutes after 2004. As a contribution to existing literature, we found that trade rivalry between countries is also significant in explaining the dynamics of PTA.
Reception date: 18/09/2024Acceptance date: 05/12/2024
A 30 años de Ouro Preto. En busca de una respuesta contemporánea a la inserción internacional de la región
Authors: Vaillant Marcel
Published: January 2025

El funcionamiento del comercio internacional en la actualidad plantea una tensión entre la erosión de las reglas del sistema multilateral montado desde la posguerra y la parsimonia de su evolución con la creación de nuevos acuerdos plurilaterales con más disciplinas a ser armonizadas. En este contexto, luego de más de tres décadas de existencia, el MERCOSUR enfrenta dos desafíos que están vinculados. Por un lado, mejorar el funcionamiento del magro comercio intra-regional, para lo cual se identifican los principales problemas y se proponen distintas alternativas de cambio. Por otro, el mayor desafío es salir de la trampa proteccionista que caracterizó todo su desarrollo, y que está en la base del paupérrimo desempeño en materia de la suscripción de acuerdos preferenciales con terceros. El objetivo es aumentar la apertura del propio mercado y mejorar las condiciones de acceso al mercado de terceros. A 30 años de la reunión de Ouro Preto, no existe hoy una unión aduanera, ni una senda hacia la misma. Se proponen diferentes caminos para lograr un formato regional que sea posible de ser aplicado y que supere el negativo estatus quo.
El presente artículo ha sido publicado por invitación del Equipo Editorial de la Revista.
Effects of audit committee chair characteristics on audit quality: Empirical evidence from Saudi energy and materials sectors
Authors: Naim Abdulaziz S Al
Published: January 2025

This study examines the effects of audit committee (AC) chair characteristics on audit quality in Saudi Arabia. This study applies logistic regression to investigate how AC chair independence, busyness, and expertise influence audit quality. The sample covers 282 firm-year observations of energy and materials companies listed on the Saudi stock exchange from 2017-2022. The results show a positive correlation between AC chair independence and expertise and higher audit quality, while a negative correlation exists with AC chair busyness. The results underscore the critical role of AC chair attributes in enhancing audit quality, aligning with findings from prior studies. The findings address a significant gap in how AC chair characteristics may affect audit quality in Saudi Arabia's unique context. The study's empirical contributions are particularly significant given the limited attention this topic has received in the context of a developing Middle Eastern economy. The analysis not only sheds light on the influence of AC chair characteristics but also provides actionable insights for optimizing audit committee structures to improve financial monitoring in light of ongoing Saudi reforms. The robust methodological framework and the consistency of the results with existing literature support the study’s validity and reliability. The findings advocate for strategic enhancements in AC chair selection criteria to bolster audit quality amidst the evolving governance landscape in Saudi Arabia.
Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model to understand farmer's readiness: Implementation of precision agriculture based on digital IoT monitoring apps in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Larasati Niken , Putri Adelia Anissa , Soemodinoto Annisa S , Alyssa Nadya , Shoofiyani Okke Siti
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the readiness of farmers in West Java to adopt IoT monitoring applications through the lens of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The digital transformation has introduced precision agriculture, an advanced technology-based approach that enhances the monitoring of crop and farmer needs. Smart farming leverages the Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor technology to optimize complex agricultural systems, thereby increasing productivity while mitigating environmental impact. Utilizing soil and weather sensors to measure temperature, nutrients, and humidity, the study explores factors such as performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, personal innovativeness, habit, behavioral intention, and use behavior that will influence technology adoption within diverse farming communities. A deeper exploration through the lens of the UTAUT Model reveals that West Javan Indonesian farmers are prepared to utilize the monitoring apps. The factors that affect the Use Behavior (UB) of the farmers consist of their internal or personal characteristics, Habit (H) and Personal Innovativeness (PI), and the external factors that correlate with the app developer’s performance are Facilitating Condition (FC) and Performance Expectancy (PE). Habits from farmers for data recording and the personal innovativeness will increase the intention to use IoT monitoring apps.
Librarians and social change: A systematic literature review
Authors: Apolinario Rhea Rowena , Ahmad Azree , Kadir Irwan Kamaruddin Bin Abd
Published: January 2025

Throughout history, a constant component in the development of society is change, which often occurs within the social sphere and is referred to as social change. Social change involves and affects the lives of everyone subjected to it. For this reason, libraries and librarians have been more recognized in recent years for their contributions towards social causes and their potential as key players in social change. However, there still exists a gap in the understanding of their role and impact as likely fundamental contributors in social change. This study aims to address this gap through a systematic literature review which evaluates existing literature that centers on social change and libraries and librarians. The study aims to draw insights in the ways that libraries and librarians impact social change, and consequently influence library policies, practices, and discussions on the societal role of libraries. The reviewed literature revealed several trends of libraries and librarians being active contributors in social change, namely: libraries and librarians becoming recognized for their role as change agents in a continuously evolving society, and; the impact of having access to information and being knowledgeable in effectively applying it in a community could lead to improvements in different sectors. With better informed and better educated individuals, society can move forward towards an environment that provides equal opportunities and rights to all members, thus highlighting the positive and possible impact of libraries and librarians in supporting social change.
The adherence and financial impact of ADHD medication costs: A comparative study between China and the USA
Authors: Yuchu Lai Rachel , John Anagnost
Published: January 2025

In our developing world, mental disorder stigmas decrease significantly as psychological diagnoses and education evolve. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as one of the most prevalent mental disorders, yet, still faces challenges in varying adherence rates and brings a financial burden to families. This paper aims to investigate the effects of ADHD medication costs on adherence and financial strain in China and the USA, exploring how price variations impact these factors within different healthcare systems and cultures. To achieve this, we conducted a comprehensive literature review using the PICO framework for keyword searching and organized our sources in an Excel spreadsheet. This methodology allowed us to clearly identify and compare key trends in the two countries. Our findings indicate that higher out-of-pocket costs are negatively correlated with adherence rates, with this impact being more pronounced in the US for the first hypothesis. For the second hypothesis, the results showed that the financial burden of ADHD medications is significantly greater in the US due to its less effective healthcare system.  This analysis gathers and evaluates factors that lead to adherence barriers and financial challenges, offering insights for policymakers seeking to implement improvements in these areas. Additionally, the paper proposes practical policy changes in the end that could enhance affordability and accessibility of ADHD medications in both China and the USA.
Navigating policy challenges in Malaysia’s construction sector: The governmental dilemma on the issue of foreign labour shortage in Malaysia
Authors: Saari Mohd Nasir , Shuib Md Shukri , Ajis Mohd Na’eim
Published: January 2025

This study examines the challenges associated with Malaysia's reliance on foreign labour, particularly in the construction sector. It investigates how governmental policies respond to labour shortages while balancing national economic needs and social impacts. A qualitative research methodology involved an in-depth analysis of policy documents and thematic interviews with key stakeholders, including policymakers and industry representatives. The study explores the dynamics of foreign labour employment policies, focusing on inter-sectoral competition for workers and the implications of policy shifts on workforce stability. The research highlights the persistent labour shortage in the construction sector, exacerbated by local workers’ reluctance to engage in "3D" jobs (dirty, dangerous, and difficult) and the competition from the agricultural and plantation sectors for foreign labour. The government’s decision to allow foreign workers to switch employers temporarily alleviates labour shortages but poses challenges to policy consistency. Inter-ministerial cooperation between the Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA) and the Ministry of Human Resources (MoHR) is identified as a critical strategy to harmonise labour needs with national development goals. The findings underscore the need for cohesive policy frameworks that address labour shortages while minimising negative socio-economic impacts. Recommendations include enhanced inter-agency collaboration, structured workforce planning, and incentives to attract local workers to underrepresented sectors, which support sustainable development in Malaysia.
توظيف خوارزمية الاعشاب الضارة لاختيار عرض الحزمة في مقدر نداريا- واتسون المتعدد
Authors: يحيى الجمال زكريا , Marwah Y. Mustafa
Published: January 2025

إن موضوع تحليل الانحدار يلقى اهتماماً متزايداً وواضحاً في معظم الدراسات وخصوصاً الاقتصادية والطبية منها. ويعد نموذج الانحدار اللامعلمي بصورة عامة والانحدار اللامعلمي المتعدد بوجه خاص أحد أهم وأبرز نماذج الانحدار المستخدمة في السنوات الأخيرة التي شهدت توسعاً كبيراً وخصوصاً في الجانب الاقتصادي والبيئي. إذ يعدّ مقدر نداريا- واتسون المتعدد (Multivariate Nadaraya-Watson estimator) من أهم  المقدرات المستعملة في أنموذج الانحدار اللامعلمي المتعدد. حيث أن هذا  المقدر يعتمد بدوره في تقدير نموذج الانحدار اللامعلمي المتعدد على مصفوفة معلمات تسمى بمعلمات التمهيد (smoothing parameter)  والتي لتقديرها أهمية كبيرة في تحقيق جودة توفيق المنحى المقدر في نموذج الانحدار اللامعلمي المتعدد. تم في هذا البحث اقتراح توظيف خوارزمية مستوحاة من الطبيعة والمتمثلة بخوارزمية الاعشاب الضارة في عملية تقدير مصفوفة معلمات التمهيد (Bandwidth matrix) في مقدر نداريا- واتسون المتعدد. كما تمّ استخدام أسلوب محاكاة المونت – كارلو لتوليد بيانات تتبع عدد من نماذج الانحدار اللامعلمي المتعدد. لقد أظهرت نتائج المحاكاة تفوق الطريقة المقترحة مقارنةً بطرائق التقدير الأخرى معتمدين متوسط مربعات الخطأ بوضعها معياراً للمقارنة.
ترجيح طريقة GM6 لتقدير معلمات عالية الحصانة لنموذج الانحدار الخطي المتعدد
Authors: سامي عريبي حسن , علوان عوده نور
Published: January 2025

يعد نموذج الانحدار الخطي المتعدد أحد الاساليب الاحصائية الأكثر استعمالا في العديد من المجالات العلمية. اذ يتم تقدير معلمات النموذج باستخدام طريقة المربعات الصغرى الاعتيادية التي تعطي أفضل تقدير خطي غير متحيز عند تحقق فرضياتها، أحد من هذه الفرضيات ان توزيع حد الخطأ العشوائي يكون طبيعيا بمتوسط صفر وتباين ثابت. ان وجود القيم الشاذة يؤدي الى خرق هذا الافتراض وعليه لا يمكن تطبيق طريقة المربعات الصغرى. لقد ظهرت الطرائق الحصينة كبديل مناسب عند ظهور القيم الشاذة مثل ‘طريقة M، LMS، LTS ومقدر S الا ان ظهور النقاط الرافعة Leverage Points كنوع اخر من القيم الشاذة في فضاء المتغيرات التوضيحية أدى الى   عدم دقة تقديرات هذه الطرائق. لقد اقترح في الادبيات الإحصائية طرائق مميزة جدا مثل طريقة مقدر MM وطريقة GM6 لكن ظهور مشكلة النقاط الرافعة العالية High Leverage Points التي يعزى سبب وجودها مصدرا لظهور ظاهريتي الـ (Masking & Swamping). هاتين الظاهرتين تشير الى عدم الدقة في تشخيص النقاط الرافعة مما يسبب اما الخسارة في المعلومات او عدم معالجة النقاط الرافعة الرديئة بالكامل. ان مقترح هذا البحث يسعى الى تحصين أداء طريقة GM6 حتى مع وجود هاتين الظاهرتين من خلال توظيف خوارزمية تشخيص عالية الدقة تدعى IDRGP(RMVN) من اجل الحصول على اوزان عالية الدقة لتقليل أثر النقاط الرافعة في طريقة GM6.  لقد وضعنا التشخيص الدقيق وطريقة GM6 في إطار خوارزمي واحد أطلقنا عليه GM6.IDRGP(RMVN) التي أظهرت أداء مميزا مقارنة بالطرق السابقة من خلال نتائج دراسة المحاكاة والبيانات الحقيقية.
التنبؤ بأعداد السكان في العراق بإستعمال إنموذج هجين ضبابي
Authors: خالد علي بشار , وهاب نعمه نصر الله مهدي , مهدي عباس تهاني
Published: January 2025

يعد الإنموذج المختلط التكاملي (Autoregressive Integral Moving Average ARIMA) من النماذج الشائعة للتنبؤ بالسلاسل الزمنية الخطية الغير مستقرة الذي يجمع بين إنموذج الانحدار الذاتي (Autoregressive AR) وإنموذج المتوسطات المتحركة (Moving Average  MA) بتضمين الجزء المتكامل الذي يغيير السلاسل الزمنية لجعلها مستقرة. في نفس الوقت يعد التنبؤ بالشبكات العصبية الاصطناعية المخفية (Hidden Artificial neural network HANNs) بديلاً للطرائق الخطية. لكن في كثير من الاحيان نواجه بيانات مختلطة والتي تعني وجود مكونين رئيسيين أو أكثر في البيانات مكون خطي ومكون غير خطي ويمكن أن تكون هذه المكونات متداخلة معًا بحيث يكون التأثير الإجمالي هو مزيج من الأثرين بحيث يكون لكل مكون تأثيره الخاص على البيانات. في نفس الوقت قد نجد مشاهدات سلسلة زمنية في العالم الحقيقية تعاني من عدم الدقة في قياساتها ومن تلك الظواهر هي اعداد السكان في العراق من 1978 ولغاية 2023  والذي تعتمد اغليبتها على التقدير ولايتوفر قياسات دقيقة وتبين فيها وجود جزء خطي وجزء لاخطي ناتج عن الظروف التي مر بها البلد. في هذا البحث تم اقتراح اسلوب تنبؤ بالسلاسل الزمنية هجين ضبابي (Fuzzy Hidden Hybrid ARIMA Artificial neural network FHHAA) خليط من إنموذج (ARIMA) الضبابي وإنموذج الشبكات العصبية المخفية (HANNs) ثم التنبؤ باعداد السكان في العراق ومقارنة الإنموذج المقترح مع إنموذج (ARIMA) الضبابي وإنموذج (HANNs) والإنموذج الهجين الغير ضبابي باستعمال معايير المقارنة جذر متوسط مربعات الخطأ (Root mean square error RMSE) ومعيار معلومات بيز اكايكي (BIC). وتم التوصل الى ان الإنموذج الهجين الضبابي المقترح (FHHAA) افضل من نماذجه الأساسية لكونه سجل اقل معايير المقارنة. وان القيم التقديرية لاعداد السكان كانت متناسقة اكثر وفق الإنموذج (FHAA) . تم التنبؤ باعداد السكان في العراق للسنوات (2024-2028) والذي لوحظ ان هنالك تزايد في اعداد السكان عن سنة (2023) بما يقارب (6940432) نسمة بحلول عام (2028) .
تقطيع الصورة المعالجة مبدئيا بخوارزمية فترات الثقة اللامعلمية باستخدام مقدر الكثافة اللبي
Authors: مسلم عيسى اسيل , فالح حــمــزة زينب , Kareem K.  Ozer
Published: January 2025

ان مقدر الكثافة اللبي هو طريقة لامعلمية لتقدير دالة الكثافة الاحتمالية لأي متغير لذلك فهو تقنية احصائية تستخدم لتنعيم كل نقطة من بيانات المتغير المراد دراسته. اما فترات الثقة اللامعلمية فهي ايضا احد طرائق التقدير والتي تقوم بتحديد فترة تحتوي مجموعة من القيم تعتمد على بيانات العينة وتحدد بحدين اعلى وادنى. في هذا البحث تم استخدام فترات الثقة اللامعلمية لمعالجة الصورة المشوشة بضوضاء Gaussian معالجة مبدئية حيث تمت ازالة الضوضاء من الصورة وتصفيتها من التشويش لتعطي صوره واضحة المعالم  خالية من الضوضاء وبعد ذلك تم تقطيع الصورة المعالجة مبدئيا بطريقة فترات الثقة بمقدر الكثافة اللبي والذي قام بتنعيم بيانات الصورة حيث تم تحديد المعالم المهمة للصورة من خلال فصل المناطق المتجانسة وقد لوحظ ان الصور المعالجة والتي اجري عليها عملية التقطيع كانت افضل في اظهار المعالم من الصور المقطعة والتي تحتوي على الضوضاء .وقد تم الاستنتاج ان معلمة عرض الحزمة التي تتحكم بمقدار تجانس البيانات لها تأثير على عمل كل من طريقة فترات الثقة اللامعلمية ومقدر اللب, ايضا في عملية المعالجة المبدئية تم اختيار دالة Epanechnikov لأنها تعطي معالم افضل واوضح من غيرها.
استعمال التحليل التميزي اللبي الموقعي لتصنيف اعداد السكان في العراق حسب المحافظات
Authors: شامل جاسم منذور سكينه , عبد الرضا سعيد السباح شروق
Published: January 2025

في هذا البحث تم استعمال اسلوب التحليل التمييزي الفيشر الموقعي لغرض تمييز التراكيب السكانية في محافظات العراق عن طريق اختيار مجموعات من السكان حسب المحافظات في العراق عبر مناطقهم لجغرافية وخطوطها المكانية لغرض التمييز بين الانماط المكانية للسكان ونموهم وباستعمال برنامج ماتلاب تم التوصل الى ان اسلوب التحليل التميزي الفيشر الموقعي اللبي هو الافضل من باقي اساليب التحليل التميزي وهي (التحليل التميزي الخطي – التحليل التمييزي الفيشر- التحليل التمييزي الفيشر الموقعي ) , وايضا تم التوصل الى ان هنالك محافظات فيها نمو سكاني اكثر من باقي المحافظات وهي (بغداد - الانبار- البصرة- بابل- كربلاء) نسبة لمواقع المحافظات الجغرافية والنقاط المكانية للإسقاطات السكانية.
استعمال تعليم الآلة في النماذج الإحصائية للتنبؤ السكاني في العراق
Authors: عادل عبدالوهاب عمر , Maryam M. Salman
Published: January 2025

ان النماذج الاحصائية تعتبر الركيزة الاساسية لاي عملية تخطيط مستقبلي في اي بلد، اذ تستخدم الحكومات والقطاع الخاص التنبؤات السكانية في التخطيط. ان الغرض الأساسي للحكومة هو توفير الخدمات للمواطنين، وهذا يتطلب معرفة عدد الأشخاص الذين سيتواجدون في المستقبل، وغالبًا ما يتم تقسيمهم حسب العمر والجنس وخصائص أخرى، مثل العرق. والجغرافيا الى اخره. كما تُستخدم التنبؤات السكانية على نطاق واسع في القطاع الخاص للتخطيط الاستراتيجي، أذ تعتبر الاسقاطات السكانية من اهم المؤشرات الأدوات التي يستخدمها الباحثون وصانعو السياسات لفهم وتحليل تطورات السكان على مدى الوقت. تم في هذا البحث استخدام تعليم الآلة والمتمثلة بالشبكات العصبية، بالإضافة الى استخدام طريقة كلاسيكية وهي أنموذج السلاسل الزمنيةARIMA للتنبؤ بالاسقاطات السكانية. اذ تم تقسيم البيانات الداخلة في الاسلوبين الى 70% تدريب و30% اختبار، وتم التنبؤ لخمس سنوات قادمة لعدد سكان العراق. اذ توصل البحث الى افضلية تعليم الالة في التقدير كونه يمتلك اقلMAPE  واعلىR2. حيث بلغ عدد سكان العراق لعام 2028 هو47516.3113 (بالالف).
التباين المكاني لمؤشرات أمد الحياة المتوقع لكبار السن 60 سنة فأكثر في العراق للمدة 2010-2022 دراسة في جغرافية السكان
Authors: عبدالله حسين وسام , Bader A. Mahmood
Published: January 2025

يعد مؤشر أمد الحياة المتوقع من أحد أهم المؤشرات الديموغرافية وينعكس واقع المؤسسات التي تقدم خدمات وتراعي السكان في ظروفهم الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والصحية ، ومؤشر متوسط العمر لفئة كبار السن 60 سنة فأكثر مؤشر تنموي مهم في تقييم واقع الخدمات الصحية والاقتصادية لسكان العراق، إذ يلاحظ أن كبار السن في العراق يعانون من عدة مشاكل اقتصادية واجتماعية والتي أدت لبعض منهم للإقامة في دور الرعاية الاجتماعية نتيجةً لتعقيدات أسلوب الحياة المعاصرة وصعوبة الظروف الاقتصادية والأحوال المعيشية للأسر واتساع أزمة السكن التي كانت حجة لذوي كبار السن في نقلهم لدور الرعاية، ودار الرعاية هي مؤسسة خدمية تهدف الى رعاية المسنين وتقديم الخدمات الاجتماعية والصحية والنفسية والثقافية والترفيهية لتمكينهم من التغلب على الاثار التي نجمت عن عجزهم وضمان حياة كريمة هادئة لهم خلال مدة بقائهم في هذه المؤسسة، فضلاً عن تراجع التعايش الاسري الممتد والمتمثل بالأسرة الكبيرة (العائلة) وتزايد الاسرة النووية، هذا له انعكاسات سلبية على أسلوب حياة المسنين خاصة بعد فقدان الزوج أو الزوجة والترمل والشعور بالوحدة والعزلة.