bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educación deportiva y alumnado con discapacidad intelectual: un estudio de cuatro casos. [Sport education model and students with intellectual impairments: a study of four cases].
Authors: Abellán Jorge , Segovia Yessica
Published: December 2020

La falta de investigación en torno a la aplicación de la práctica basada en modelos, y en concreto, del modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED) en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual (DI) hacen necesarios trabajos que evalúen su aplicación. El objetivo de este estudio fue doble: (i) Conocer las características de aplicación del MED destinado a alumnado con DI escolarizado en centros específicos, y (ii) Analizar la percepción de los docentes encargados de su aplicación en su primera experiencia con el MED. Participaron cuatro centros de educación especial (CEE), incluidos en los Proyectos Escolares Saludables en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha (España). Se evaluó la percepción de los docentes y la fidelidad de la aplicación del modelo utilizando dos cuestionarios en forma de autoinformes. Se codificaron y categorizaron cada uno de los autoinformes, siguiendo un análisis de contenido de enfoque inductivo a través del proceso de generación de categorías. Los resultados mostraron una percepción positiva en relación con el aprendizaje, motivación, y el sentimiento de utilidad y competencia que genera en el alumnado, especialmente en comparación con otros estilos de enseñanza. Asimismo, señalaron que para una correcta aplicación fue necesario la adaptación de roles y materiales a las características de los discentes. Por último, la adaptación llevada a cabo por los docentes mantiene gran parte de los aspectos más importantes del modelo. En conclusión, este trabajo muestra la viabilidad de la implementación del MED para el alumnado con DI.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Ogunsakin Sanya , Awe Tope Isaac
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the macroeconomic determinants of stock market performance in Nigeria between 1985 and 2018. The source of the data for the study were from World Bank Development Indicator, 2020 edition and Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. The study employed ARDL co-integration approach as estimation technique. Findings from the study showed that inflation rate, real interest rate, real effective exchange rate and world oil price were the major determinants of Nigeria stock market performance during the study period. Based on these findings, the study therefore concludes that both endogeneous and exogeneous macroeconomic variables determine Nigeria stock market performance. Hence, the activities in the global oil market should be monitored in formulating policies to enhance stock market performance in Nigeria.
A case of aortic dissection with highly suggestive features of COVID-19
Authors: Shahzad Tahir , Mohamed Salih Mustafa Mulham , Bhutta Zain A. , Edmund Harris Tim Richard
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Aortic dissection is a cardiovascular emergency with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 27.4%, and with every hour without intervention, the mortality rate increases by 1%–2% in the first 48 hours. Thoracic aortic dissection typically presents with tearing chest, back, or abdominal pain. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS–Cov2), which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and usually manifests with respiratory symptoms, including cough, shortness of breath, flu-like symptoms, and fever. This case report highlights an important impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the identification and management of aortic dissection in the emergency department.

Case report: A 35-year-old Bahraini male, a suspected case of Marfan syndrome, presented with complaints of shortness of breath and worsening productive cough after returning from the United States (U.S). He denied any chest, back, or abdominal pain, dizziness, weakness in any limb, gait disturbance, headache, or change in vision. He was considered high risk for COVID-19 because of the recent travel and respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed incidentally with ascending aortic dissection along with a right lung consolidation. His SARS–Cov2 PCR came negative thrice during hospital stay, and he underwent elective cardiothoracic surgery.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major stressor for the healthcare system worldwide, inflicting serious threats. Aortic dissection is one of the major life-threatening diseases that needs to be identified early on in the emergency department; however, in this case delayed diagnosis raised significant concerns due to underlying evolving triaging system for COVID-19 and atypical and overlapping clinical presentation. Further research is needed to look for COVID-19–associated factors, affecting the standard of care in the emergency department. Improving handover can directly impact patient care; therefore, it should be optimized.
The Determinants of Bank Risk Taking: Evidence From Jordan
Authors: Awartany Ali , Alzubi Khaled
Published: December 2020

This study examines the determinants of bank risk taking for a sample of 15 Jordanian banks, according to Basel I and Basel II standards for capital regulation and by testing the relationship between bank risk taking and banks financial information using multiple linear regression analysis. The study found that most Jordanian banks committed to capital adequacy ratio regulations which decrease the bank risk taking, Bank Risk Taking (RSK) was found to be adversely affected by Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), The Franchise value (FRN) has a negative effect on bank risk taking (RSK), The Stable Shareholder (HLD) variable has a significant positive effect on Bank Risk Taking (RSK). The squared value of Stable Shareholders (HLD_SQR) has a significant negative effect on Bank Risk Taking (RSK).
Key Competencies of Physics Teachers
Authors: Liu Tingting , Sun Haibin
Published: December 2020

In China, the main goal of basic education curriculum reform is to develop students' key competencies. The physics teaching directed by key competencies would not only aim at the memory and reappearance of physics knowledge but also the application of physics knowledge and methods. As teachers who guide students' learning and implement teaching activities, the improvement and development of their key competencies plays an important role in the development of students. The key competencies of physics teachers consist of physics literacy, education and teaching literacy, scientific literacy, humanistic literacy, information literacy, and life-long learning ability.
Max Weber und die Demokratie
Authors: Manow Philip
Published: December 2020

In dem Beitrag wird insbesondere anhand des Vortrags Politik als Beruf Max Webers Verständnis von Demokratie in den Umbruchjahren 1918/19 diskutiert. Weber nähert sich seinem Thema nicht in der Überlieferungslinie einer Politischen Philosophie, die politische Repräsentation und die vertragstheoretische Begründung von Herrschaft in ihren Mittelpunkt stellt, sondern aus der Perspektive seiner Theorie der Modernisierung und des okzidentalen Rationalismus, die unter anderem die Berechenbarkeit des modernen Anstaltsstaats mit seiner unabhängigen Fachbürokratie betont. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird demokratische Politik auf potenziell irrationales charismatisches Führertum und den Rückschritt in der Rationalisierung der Staatsverwaltung durch die Patronage und Beutepolitik der Parteien reduziert. Eine solche Sicht erwies sich in den Debatten über die Weimarer Reichsverfassung als verhängnisvoll.
Max und Marianne
Authors: Gilcher-Holtey Ingrid
Published: December 2020

Ausgehend von einer analytischen Bestimmung des »intellektuellen Paares« und der »intellektuellen Ehe« untersucht der nachfolgende Artikel die Beziehung Max und Marianne Webers. Skizziert wird ihr Entwurf einer »Gefährtenehe«, mit dem sie sich von traditionellen Formen des Zusammenlebens abgrenzen. Entfaltet wird dessen Bedeutung für beider Engagement im wissenschaftlichen Bereich, bevor die Herausforderung der »Gefährtenehe« durch den Einbruch der Lebensreformbewegung der Bohème in das akademische Milieu Heidelbergs 1907/08 veranschaulicht wird. Wie reagiert das intellektuelle Paar auf die Leitidee einer Emanzipation durch sexuelle Revolution? Porträtiert wird die »Gefährtenehe« schließlich im Kontext der Revolution 1918/19, in der sich beide Partner engagieren und Eros sie zugleich vor eine neue Herausforderung stellt.
Simplicius the Neoplatonist in Light of Contemporary Research
Authors: Hadot Ilsetraut
Published: December 2020

This book, translated from the French, offers a synthesis of modern research devoted to Simplicius's life and to three of his five commentaries: On Epictetus' Handbook, On Aristotle's De anima, On Aristotle's Categories. Its biographical part brings to light the historical role played by this Neoplatonic philosopher. Born in Cilicia, Asia Minor, he studied in Alexandria and Athens and apparently ended his life teaching in Syria on the frontier between the Byzantine and Sassanide Empires.

His role was that of a mediator between the Greco-Roman world and philosophy and Syriac philosophy, which would feed Arabic philosophy at its beginning.

The second part of the book, devoted to doctrinal and authorship issues, also deals with the underlying pedagogical curriculum and methods proper to Neoplatonic commentaries, which modern interpretation all too often tends to neglect in studies on Simplicius and other Neoplatonists.
Financial Fraud and Managers, Causes and Effects
Authors: Bechir Chenguel Mohamed
Published: December 2020

The financial scandals which have appeared in recent times have placed fraud at the heart of economic and financial issues. Fraud by executives has disastrous consequences as it results in huge losses for investors and creditors, and especially for the company itself. Most of these frauds were often in the form of accounting and financial manipulation, and they have evolved to change forms. We are going to analyze the aspect of fraud, how it can appear. Then we will try to see the aspects that lead to committing fraud, which are generally an organizational framework favoring fraud, and the psychopathic personality of the fraudulent manager. And finally, we will take a closer look at the role of governance oversight mechanisms and the role they must play in fighting fraud.
Metaphors
Authors: Anderson Marie ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: December 2020

To what degree can race relations, driven by media perception or inadvertent errors in speaking, be overcome by personal, positive, interactions? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, a retired, white, widowed woman lives in a predominately black neighborhood. Her African-American husband is long dead and she has made every effort to integrate herself into her black community. She is longtime friends with her neighbors, particularly the 16-year-old boy, Zion, who comes over daily to give her dog a diabetes shot and assist her with chores around the house to make extra money. However, as the Black Lives Matter protests escalate in the community, the narrator increasingly becomes the target of hate, sometimes for no reason, sometimes because of her thoughtlessness. Her relationship with Zion continues to falter until he sheepishly takes the side of those in the community and separates all ties with the narrator. He returns the various gifts she has given him over his life because he wishes to leave his childhood behind and take up the fight against oppression. This story, like all After Dinner Conversation stories, has suggested discussion questions at the end.
Rainbow People Of The Glittering Glade
Authors: Shultz David ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: December 2020

How do you judge the value of others; does society have the right to judge and exclude community members they feel are not living up to their full potential and/or are not benefiting the community? How do you judge value? In this work of philosophical short fiction, the story is told from the perspective of emissary who is sent by the kingdom to find a community in the middle of a shifting sand desert that is rumored to violate the fundamental laws of slavery, human sacrifice, and to worship false gods. A member of his group is injured while looking for the community. As the get closer to the community they find life-like statues of people in the desert. Some statues are moving, and repeating the same task in a loop, as they get closer to the community. Upon arrival, they are aided by the people and learn that the community has a strange disease that causes them to start turning to stone after puberty. The only cure is to be judged worthy by the community to go before their crystal god, to consume one of the people that has been turned to stone, and thus receive the anecdote to the disease. The traveling party is deemed worthy, and given the chance to take part in the ritual and escape death. One member refuses on religious grounds, and willingly accepts the stone-ification process. The leader of the group “goes native” and opts to live in the community forever. The third member of the group returns the original kingdom with a letter from the leader explaining what has happened. This story, like all After Dinner Conversation stories, has suggested discussion questions at the end.
A Life in Balance
Authors: Kristensen Simon Bertel ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This paper applies the six-step method of LBT in helping a student address an academic problem stemming from the demand for her mother’s approval.
Stoic Suicide: Death Before Dishonor
Authors: Ferriolo William ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

Applying the Roman Stoic criteria for a defensible suicide, this paper argues that suicide in certain circumstances may not merely be permissible, but even morally preferable to the available alternatives, including survival until natural death or some other involuntary end.
A New Political Pacifism
Authors: Marty William R. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

In the aftermath of the carnage of World War I, a politically engaged pacifism spread rapidly among a number of traditionally non-peace churches, and among the populations of England and America. This pacifism meant to be effective in the world, and it was: it swayed the democracies of England and America to adopt many of its policies. It meant to achieve peace and end war. Represented as what Christian love requires in political life, it failed utterly and completely in its aims both as political prescription and understanding of Christianity. The relevance of this essay is that many of the erroneous assumptions and failed policies of the church peace movement of the 1930s appear to be still the assumptions and policies of secular statesmen of the present. The errors of the political pacifists live on, and if they are not corrected, the consequences are likely to be the same, or worse, for next time, unless we are wiser than the last, the evil ones may prevail.
Taming the Digital Behemoth
Authors: Gruenwald Oskar ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

This essay explores the digital challenge, how to humanize technology, and the need to rethink the digital-human divide. This is imperative in view of superintelligent Al, which may escape human control. The information age poses quandaries regarding the uses and abuses of technology. A major critique concerns the commercial design of digital technologies that engenders compulsive behavior. All technologies affect humans in a reciprocal way. The new digital technologies-from smartphones to the Internet—where humans are tethered to machines, can impair our autonomy, hijack attention, rewire the brain, and diminish concentration, empathy, knowledge, and wisdom. The remedy is to restore deep reading, human interactions, personal conversations, real friendships, and respect for autonomy and privacy, building a nurturing culture of tolerance, coupled with transcendent norms and ideals worthy of a creature created in the image and likeness of God. This aspiration should be at the center of a new interdisciplinary field of inquiry—a phenomenology of communications.
Kurt Gödel’s Religious Worldview
Authors: Dokulil Miloš ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

Kurt Gödel is well-known as a first-class logician-mathematician, but less well for his proof of God. Godel's Incompleteness Theorems proved that all formal axiomatic systems have inherent limitations. He created also “Gödel numbering,” a special code for writing mathematical formulae. His proof of God was presented logically on the basis of modal axioms. Gödel was sure of God’s personal influence and believed in eternal life of the human soul. He was more than only a “Baptized Lutheran” whose belief was “theistic.” Yet Gödel’s individual assurance of God’s “personal existence“ cannot be viably presented on an interpersonal basis being a “first-person“ type of knowledge and, thus, outside interpersonal conditions for an objective construction beyond a “verbal proof.“ There are categories of reality not easily translatable without a shift in their meaning or a simplifying reduction. The metaphor of an analogy between the brain and its mind as against a computer’s hard- and software does not adequately consider the polarity between the message and its meaning. Gödel’s God was not a modally conceived formal-logical abbreviation of something unattainable for the believer, but a personal Security which does not require any proof.
Research of design parameters influence of building wall, constructed with the help of 3D printer, on its stress state
Authors: Gennadievna Pakhomova , Vladislavovich Monastyrev , Vladimirovich Evdokimtsev , Balthazar Azawi
Published: December 2020

The article presents the research results of design parameters influence of outer wall of a building erected in 3D technology, namely: wavelength of inner wall diaphragm, displacement of lower wave relative to upper wave of inner wall diaphragm (displacement of wave crest) on the stress state of a wall fragment subject to the constancy of its cross-section area. The set of data for analysis has been obtained on the basis of calculations in the SCAD ++ computer complex. The dependences of relative stresses of wall fragments on the studied factors have been obtained and the interpretation of research results has been given.
Racially Motivated Hate Crimes and Incidents Against Immigrants in Lithuania
Authors: Labanauskas Liutauras
Published: December 2020

The article analyses the experiences of racially motivated hate incidents against immigrants in Lithuania, based on the data of a qualitative study. Interviews with informants in the study show that prejudice, verbal and physical violence incidents are an integral part of the daily lives of immigrants with visible ethnic and racial identities. Racist hate incidents make it possible to identify latent interactions between immigrants and local residents. Based on examples of hate incidents, the article critically analyses the typology of hate crimes by Levin and McDevitt (1993) and the limitations of its application in hate incident analysis.
The Cultural Aspect and Concept of Lithuanian Kinship: Validity of Free List Method for Creating a Representative Kinship Model
Authors: De Munck Victor C. , Dapkūnaitė Rūta
Published: December 2020

The article presents a detailed and methodologically systematic description of the Lithuanian kinship system. A study of kinship relationships was conducted in order to describe the formal and pragmatic structure of the modern kinship system as it is conceptualized by different generations of Lithuanians. We show how this system both remains a formal system, but the salience of kin types changes across different generations. The authors of the article are aware that there are many formal methods of kinship analysis, but a semi-formal research method that priviledges a pragmatic ‘bottom’s up’ approach is used in order th analyse kinship as an interpersonal and dynamic rather than static system. Our free list methodology was chosen because of its emic perspective that allows for comparative etic (i.e. statistical) cross-generational analysis.The results of our research show that Lithuanian kinship systems are not only holistic, but also holographic, and the main structure with its attendant terminology is flexible and adaptive to the requirements of different generational concerns such as courtship, mating, parenting and being grandparents. The results confirm a premise of the anthropological sciences – that thoughts are expressed in language and language (as thoughts or concepts) in turn shapes behaviour. This idea is given credence and supported by our study: the observed approach to change is a non-linguistic result, i.e. it is determined by behaviours, experiences that fall into the linguistic category, and shapes them not according to an imaginary monolithic configuration, but according to individual experience and relationships. Based on the data, it can be concluded that they reflect different collective conceptualizations of kinship – both blood-related and marital kinship. The study found that different behavioural requirements create assumptions for emphasizing appropriate social relations; it is particularly noticeable that the displacement of certain kinship names in the periphery is associated with a corresponding absence of kinship relations. The results also motivate a subsequent study that would look at testing the behavioural systems between kin that are indicated by this study.
La necesidad de las operaciones encubiertas como arma jurídica contra la corrupción (inter)nacional
Authors: Cocchini Andrea
Published: December 2020

La corrupción pública es una plaga que amenaza la estabilidad de los Estados que actúan en un escenario internacional globalizado como es el contemporáneo. Las convenciones ONU de Palermo y de Mérida prevén el recurso a las “técnicas especiales de investigación”, en particular a las operaciones de los agentes encubiertos, para combatir los delitos relacionados con la corrupción. El presente artículo se propone demostrar la importancia que supondría para la seguridad internacional la ejecución efectiva por parte de los Estados de aquellas técnicas especiales de investigación para luchar con más eficacia contra la corrupción. Para ello, se profundiza en la normativa española relativa al agente encubierto y se destaca cuáles son los límites que le impiden contrarrestar con mayor vigor los asuntos de corrupción. Se sugiere, en consecuencia, que los países que aún no hayan acogido en su legislación dichas técnicas, se inspiren al ejemplo británico. En el Reino Unido la escasez de casos de corrupción pública se debe también a la adopción reciente de ciertos instrumentos jurídicos que permiten las operaciones encubiertas para investigar los delitos de corrupción. Se concluye, por tanto, que sería importante un compromiso más firme de todos los Estados que ratificaron ambas convenciones para recurrir a aquellas herramientas que podrían contribuir de una forma concreta a la lucha contra la corrupción (inter)nacional.
Conflictividad en la aplicación del derecho laboral al personal religioso
Authors: Vidal Gallardo Mercedes
Published: December 2020

El régimen del personal de las confesiones religiosas representa un ámbito que ha quedado excluido de cualquier intervención o control estatal, por exigencias del principio de laicidad. El propósito de este estudio es analizar si estamos en presencia de un ámbito de autonomía absoluta e ilimitada, que bajo ningún concepto permita interferencia estatal alguna, como garantía y defensa de la identidad de la confesión religiosa o, por el contrario, las relaciones que vinculan a las confesiones con su personal en el desempeño de servicios profesionales, deberían no sólo estar sometidas al orden público y a cada uno de los elementos que lo integran, en los términos previstos en el art. 3.1 de la LOLR, es decir, la salvaguardia de la seguridad, de la salud y de la moralidad pública, sino también limitadas por los derechos y libertades reconocidos en la Constitución y, es especial, los de libertad, igualdad y no discriminación, de los que es titular el personal religioso que trabaja para la Confesión.

The issue of the personnel regime of religious confessions was an area that should be excluded from any intervention or state control by requirements of the principle of secularism. The purpose of this study is to analyze if we are in the presence of a sphere of absolute and unlimited autonomy, which under no circumstances allows any state interference as a guarantee and defense of the identity of the religious confession or, on the contrary, the relationships that link the Confessions with their staff in the performance of professional services, should be subject not only to public order and to each one of the elements that comprise it, in the terms provided in art. 3.1 of the LOLR, that is, the safeguarding of security, health and public morality, but should also be limited by the rights and freedoms recognized in the Constitution and, especially, those of freedom, equality and non-discrimination, of which the religious personnel who work for the Confession are entitled.
La necesidad de reformar la medida de seguridad libertad vigilada
Authors: Salat Paisal Marc
Published: December 2020

Después de casi una década desde la introducción en el Código penal español de la medida de seguridad libertad vigilada solo es posible plantear si quiera más dudas sobre su regulación, imposición y sobre todo su ejecución de los que en su día surgieron por parte de la doctrina especializada. En el presente trabajo se pretende se expondrá brevemente cual es el estado de la cuestión de la realidad práctica de la libertad vigilada en España para luego pasar al análisis de la regulación de instituciones jurídicas de naturaleza similar en el Derecho anglosajón con el objetivo de comprender cómo allí se está planteando su ejecución y sobre todo cómo es regulada. El objetivo final no es otro que buscar en el Derecho comparado posibles soluciones a la falta de regulación de la ejecución de la libertad vigilada regulada en el art. 106 del Código penal español.

Almost a decade after the introduction the supervised release in the Spanish Criminal Code, it is only possible to raise even more doubts about its regulation, imposition and above all its execution. This paper will briefly explain the state of the question of the practical reality of supervised release in Spain and then analyse the regulation of similar legal institutions in Anglo-Saxon law in order to understand how it is regulated and above all executed. The final objective is none other than to seek in comparative law possible solutions to the lack of regulation of the Spanish supervised release’s execution.
The Methodology for Assessing the Impact of Coaching Interactions on a Company’s Performance
Authors:   , Roša Angelina
Published: December 2020

To achieve sustainable performance, a company needs to support its employees in their development, enhance their awareness of the changes needed and encourage them to take more responsibility for their own learning and growth. Coaching as one of the facilitating activities plays a significant role in triggering positive changes in employees’ behavior in the processes directed towards achieving work-related goals. Therefore, the number of companies that become interested in coaching is gradually growing in Latvia. However, there is a lot of uncertainty regarding the concept of coaching defining it in multiple ways; this leads to confusion in the understanding of its matter. Scholars are certain that coaching works and agree on the importance of assessing the impact of coaching interaction. Although they cannot reach consensus regarding the methodology appropriate for assessing the impact of coaching interaction.This issue is crucial also for companies which invest in coaching; they need to be sure that coaching really brings improvement in their performance. Therefore, the research conducted within this thesis aims to solve these research problems and elaborate a methodology for assessing the impact of coaching interactions on a company’s performance within its life cycle. To achieve this goal, the concept of coaching was investigated and defined based on what coaching is and is not, also considering the Baltic context. Types and forms of coaching, as well as favorable conditionsfor its promotion were determined and systemized for the needs of coaching in companies. An approach of choosing and adjusting the capacity of types and forms of coaching to the company’s needs and wants in development was worked out for creating the base of the methodology for assessing the impact of coaching interaction on a company’s performance. The methodology was elaborated and tested; that provides theoretical grounding and serves as a practical tool that enables to monitor the impact of coaching interaction on companies’ performance.
Agroclimatología del Ecuador
Authors: Portilla Farfán Fredi
Published: December 2020

La climatología indudablemente es una ciencia aplicable a todas las áreas del conocimiento y en este caso de enorme trascendencia para el área de la Ingeniería Agronómica, Ambiental y afines. El presente trabajo constituye una aproximación a la climatología del Ecuador continental e insular en base de datos oficiales que propende servir a futuro para estudios de aplicación en el área de ciencias de la vida. Los estudios relativos al clima del Ecuador regularmente han estado enfocados al sector turístico, área importante de desarrollo; sin embargo es menester estructurar una climatología que tenga aplicación en el área agropecuaria y ambiental, fuente de autoconsumo y de generación de divisas. No se encuentra, sin embargo, una climatología estadística sistemática del Ecuador que permita situarse con una cierta amplitud en el contexto de un estudio climático del conjunto del país. A partir de datos oficiales proporcionados por el INAMHI (Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Ecuador), el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo formular una climatología estadística básica que nos permita afrontar trabajos más específicos posteriormente.
THE M-M TRANSITION LASERS IN STRONTIUM VAPOR
Authors: YAO ZHI-XIN  , PAN BAI-LIANG  , CHEN GANG  , FANG BEN-MIN  , CHEN XING  , CHEN KUN  ,   浙江大学物理系,杭州310027
Published: December 2020

A set of laser oscillations of four strontium atom spectral lines simultaneity have been obtained, through high-repetition-frequency pulsed discharge in mixed gases of strontium vapor and helium buffer gas. The corresponding wavelengths with the transitions from compound three-energy levels 4d·3D3,2,1 to 5p·3P02,1,0 are 2.92μm, 3.01μm, 2.69μm and 2.60μm respectively,their ratios of intensities are 5∶4∶4∶1 and the total average laser power is 10mW.As far as we know,the laser spectral lines have never been reported except 3.01μm.On the basis of analyzing characteristics of corresponding energy levels and experimental phenomena,the action mechanism is discussed primarily.We suggest the classification of the spectral lines to be named as M-M transition laser.
CALCULATIONS FOR THE LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICAL COEFFICIENTS OF NaNO2 CRYSTAL
Authors: LIN ZHE-SHUAI  , WANG ZHI-ZHONG  , CHEN CHUANG-TIAN  , LEE MING-HSIEN  ,   (1)中国科学院北京人工晶体中心,理化技术研究所,北京100080; (2)中国科学院福建物质结构研究所,福州350002;中国科学院北京人工晶体中心,理化技术研究所,北京100080; (3)中国台湾淡江大学物理系,中国台北
Published: December 2020

Based on a plane-wave pseudopotential method,the electronic structure calculations of NaNO2 from first principles are perforined.The linear refractive indices and the static second-harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients are also calculated by the SHG formula improved by us.The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental values.A real-space atom-cutting method is adopted to analyze the respective contributions of the cation and anionic groups to optical response.The results show that the contribution of the (NO2)- anionic group to the birefringence and the SHG coefficients is dominated in NaNO2 crystal,which is in agreement with the result obtained by the anionic group model.
STUDY ON THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTOR MgB2
Authors: TAN MING-QIU  , TAO XIANG-MING  ,   浙江大学物理系,杭州310027
Published: December 2020

We report a first-principles local density approximation band structure calculation on the electronic structure of high-TC superconductor MgB2.It is revealed that the band structure of magnesium diboride is of metallic type with a wide valence band.The density of states of electrons at Fermi energy is only about 0.72 (states/eV).We conclude that the present calculation excludes the possibility of BCS mechanism in MgB2.
PHASE TRANSITION AND COLLECTIVE CORRELATION BEHAVIOR IN THE COMPLEX COMPUTER NETWORK
Authors: YUAN JIAN  , REN YONG  , LIU FENG  , SHAN XIU-MING  ,   清华大学电子工程系,北京100084
Published: December 2020

Some researchers used the conception of phase transition to explain ubiquitous power laws in the complex Internet. However, this explanation obviously ignores the correlation between nodes' behaviors. In this paper, we compare the phase transition with the collective correlation behaviors of nodes by use of a computer network model. It is shown that when the load of network is increased, the spatial and time correlation between nodes'behaviors is also strengthened and the collective correlation phenomenon emerges gradually. At the critical state, the system load fluctuates with a 1/f2 power spectrum, and the power spectra of buffer contents fluctuations vary as 1/fα noise where α≤2. The existence of spatial-temporal correlation among nodes'behaviors is further demonstrated.
PARALLEL REALIZATION OF SIMULATED ANNEALING ALGORITHM: MODIFICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: LI SHU-YOU  , DU ZHI-HUI  , WU MENG-YUE  , ZHU JING  , LI SAN-LI  ,   (1)清华大学材料科学与工程研究院电子显微镜实验室,北京100084; (2)清华大学材料科学与工程研究院电子显微镜实验室,北京100084,钢铁研究总院,北京100081; (3)清华大学材料科学与工程研究院电子显微镜实验室,北京100084,国家教育部先进材料开放研究实验室,北京100084; (4)清华大学计算机科学与技术系,北京100084
Published: December 2020

The simulated annealing algorithm was modified and realized on a home-made parallel super computer system THNPSC-1. The program was applied to the data analyses of two different physical domains: Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction and Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The good results obtained from these two domains indicated that the program is of high-performance and is applicable to various research regions. The source code is available free of charge from the authors.
GROWING CARBON BUCKONIONS BY RADIO FREQUENCY PLASMA-ENHANCED CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
Authors: CHEN XIAO-HUA  , WU GUO-TAO  , DENG FU-MING  , WANG JIAN-XIONG  , YANG HANG-SHENG  , WANG MIAO  , LU XIAO-NAN  , PENG JING-CUI  , LI WEN-ZHU  ,   (1)湖南大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410082; (2)湖南大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410082,浙江大学物理系,杭州310027; (3)浙江大学物理系,杭州310027
Published: December 2020

The preparation of carbon buckonions is reported.Large quantities and high percentage of carbon buckonions can be synthesised by radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on the Co catalysts and Co-SiO2 catalysts.The product contains no carbon tubes,only carbon onions,which are solid,smooth and clean and can be separated easily from the catalystic particles.The growth of carbon buckonions is based on the formation of many cages in successive stages from the core to the surface.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicates that the outer layers of the carbon buckonions produced on Co-SiO2 comprise unclosed small waving graphitic flakes.The formation process of these graphitic flakes is discussed.
INFLUENCE OF NONLINEARITIES OF BOTH THE FIELD AND THE INTENSITY-DEPENDENT ATOM-FIELD COUPLING ON THE EMISSION SPECTRUM OF AN ATOM IN A CAVITY
Authors: FENG JIAN  , WANG JI-SUO  , GAO YUN-FENG  , ZHAN MING-SHENG  ,   (1)聊城师范学院光通信研究所,聊城252059; (2)中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室,武汉430071; (3)中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室,武汉430071,中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所激光光谱学开放研究实验室,合肥230031,聊城师范学院光通信研究所,聊城252059
Published: December 2020

The emission spectrum of a single atom in the nonlinear coupling J-C (Jaynes-Cummings) model including any forms of nonlinearities of both the field and the intensity-dependent atom-field coupling is studied.The effects of nonlinearities on the spectrum are demonstrated.It is shown that features of the emission spectrum are influenced significantly by the kinds of the field nonlinearity term R(a+a) and the intensity-dependent atom-field nonlinear coupling factor f(a+a).The structure of the spectrum is quite different from that of the standard J-C model.It is found that when f(a+a)=1/(a+a)1/2,the emission spectra always show the definite three-peak structure for any initial state of the field,which implies that the effects on the emission spectrum of both the specific intensity-dependent nonlinear medium with f(a+a)=1/(a+a)1/2 and the initial field photon statistics can be counterbalanced.This feature is analyzed with an analytic method.
EFFECT OF FIELD POLARIZATION DIRECTION ON ACCELERATING ELECTRON WITH EXTRA-INTENSE STATIONARY LASER BEAM
Authors: SHAO LEIL  , HUO YU-KUN  , WANG PING-XIAO  , KONG QING  , YUAN XIANG-QUN  , FENG LIANG  ,   复旦大学现代物理研究所,上海200433
Published: December 2020

This article studies the effect of laser-field polarization direction on accelerating electrons with extra-intense stationary linear-polarization laser beam with 3D simulation of the relativistic Newton-Lorentz equation of motion.It is shown that there will exhibit remarkable inelastic effect of the electron scattering on the laser beam when the laser intensity a0=eE0/mecω～102.But this effect is dependent on the angle between the incident direction of the electron and the field polarization direction plane of the laser.When the electron is injected along the electric field polarization plane, the inelastic effect of scattering becomes maximum.However,with increasing angle,this effect will come down gradually,even disappears.This means the electron cannot be captured or accelerated violently.Thus,as for the scattering of electrons the strong laser beam field displays anisotropic feature,and we cannot describe it by the conventional ponderomotive potential model.This study is of significance in experimentally testing the laser acceleration effect, as well as designing laser accelerators in the future.
STUDIES ON OPACITY OF SHOCK-GENERATED ARGON PLASMAS
Authors: WANG FAN-HOU  , CHEN JING-PING  , MENG XU-JUN  , ZHOU XIAN-MING  , LI XI-JUN  , SUN YONG-SHENG  , JING FU-QIAN  ,   (1)北京应用物理与计算数学研究所,北京100088; (2)中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所,绵阳621900; (3)中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所,绵阳621900,西南交通大学近代物理研究所,成都610031
Published: December 2020

Dense plasmas with uniform and constant density and temperature are generated by passage of a planar shock wave through argon gas. Our experiments in argon have produced plasmas with a temperature of 1.4—2.2eV and a density of 0.0083—0.015gcm3. The opacity of the plasma is measured versus wavelength by recording the rise time of emitted light. Measurements in visible light are compared with the calculations using the average atom model, and the agreement is well. In data treatments, the opacity and the reflectance R(λ) at the baseplate / argon interface are simultaneously worked out. The resultant R(λ) in this work are all around 0.4, which is in agreement with that given by Erskine.
MAGNETIZATION AND HYSTERESIS LOSSES OF HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTOR
Authors: HU LI-FA  , ZHOU LIAN  , ZHANG PING-XIANG  , WANG JIN-XING  ,   (1)东北大学物理系,沈阳110006; (2)西北有色金属研究院超导材料研究所,西安710016
Published: December 2020

Three kinds of critical state models, such as Bean's model, Kim's model and Power model, are selected to analyze numerically the initial magnetic curve and hysteresis loop of Bi2223 high-Tc superconductor, as an example, with a simple method. Programs are made to calculate the magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field and temperature. The results are discussed compare the three kinds of critical state models. The hysteresis losses of superconductors at different temperatures and under different amplitudes of applied magnetic field are studied according to functions derived using these models.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF C3N4 THIN FILMS SYNTHESIZED BY MICROWAVE PLASMA CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
Authors: ZHANG YONG-PING  , GU YOU-SONG  , GAO HONG-JUN  , ZHANG XIU-FANG  ,   (1)北京科技大学材料物理系,北京100083; (2)中国科学院物理研究所,凝聚态物理中心北京真空物理实验室,北京100080
Published: December 2020

Crystalline carbon nitride films have been synthesized on Si substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition technique, using a gas mixture of nitrogen and methane. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the film consisted of hexagonal crystalline rods. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy indicate the films are mainly composed of α-and β-C3N4, and these results match more closely with α-C3N4 than with β-C3N4 phase. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra of carbon nitride were calculated through Hooke's law. The observed FTIR and Raman spectra support the existence of α- and β-C3N4 in the films.
CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF SPECTRAL BLANKOUT TECHNIQUE ON INSPECTING OF SOME SURROGATED NUCLEAR WARHEADS
Authors: LIU SU-PING  , HU GUANG-CHUN  , GONG JIAN  , HAO FAN-HUA  , XIANG YONG-CHUN  ,   中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所,绵阳621900
Published: December 2020

We built up a nuclear warhead verification system based on an Intranet platform. The hardware of the system consists of an Intranet server, two personnel computers and a portable high purity gerinanium gamma-ray spectrometer. The software, Blanking-out, is made of two modules designed for the inspecting and inspected parties respectively. Both modules are interactive and communicate through the Intranet. When the system operates, any sensitive information carried by the high resolution gamma-ray spectrum collected by the detector will be meddled by the inspected module before the package of spectral data is sent to the inspecting module to prevent a disclosure of sensitive information. After receiving the spectral data, the inspecting module will display on the screen of the inspecting PC terminal the verification results in a form of blankouted spectrum (spectral blanking-out form) or a form of a piece of phrase (phrase form). The guideline to the spectral blanking-out is that: for those ranges of energy obligated to be inspected, the inspected module should ensure that the inspecting module can display truly their objective spectrum; and for the other ranges of energy, the inspected module can blankout certain parts of the spectra based on the knowledge of sensitive information. Phrase form is rather straightforward, answering the question whether the inspected warhead is a “uranium-type”, “plutonium-type” or “non-nuclear type.” We conducted a demonstration on some surrogates for nuclear warheads to see whether the nuclear warhead verification system possesses the capability of identifying the type of a warhead and blanking-out sensitive spectral information. The demonstration was carried out successfully. Phrase form is especially recommendable due to its stronger capability to prevent sensitive information from disclosure and its higher verification credibility. The demonstration also disclosed some deficiencies of the system, such as too much disintegrated hardware components lower the integration of the system, the interactive operation of the inspected module and the spectral blanking-out form decrease the verification credibility and so on.
AN EXAMPLE OF HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM AND CONTROLLING CHAOS WITH SIMPLE LIMITERS
Authors: LI WEI  , CHEN SHI-GANG  ,   (1)北京应用物理和计算数学研究所,北京100088; (2)中国工程物理研究院北京研究生部,北京2101信箱,北京100088
Published: December 2020

A new type of one-dimensional periodic ally driven Hamiltonian system (an harmonic) has been proposed and its characteristics discussed. Chaotic dynamics in the driven oscillator is controlled using an adjustable, passive limiter (a weight for the oscillator). The chaotic trajectories of the conservative system can be controlled to some of the low periodic (or low energy) orbits. The results demonstrate that chaos control can be accomplished using controllers that are very simple relative to the system being controlled.
INVERSE PROBLEMS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL LOCALIZATION OF AN INHOMOGENEITY IN A STRATIFIED SCATTERING MEDIUM BY USING A WEIGHTED FOURIER TRANSFORM
Authors: ZHANG HANG  , HE SAI-LING  , CHEN PAN  , SUN WEI  ,   (1)浙江大学物理系,杭州310027; (2)浙江大学现代光学仪器国家重点实验室,光及电磁波研究中心,杭州310027; (3)浙江大学现代光学仪器国家重点实验室,光及电磁波研究中心,杭州310027;浙江大学物理系,杭州310027
Published: December 2020

Characterization of the structure of spatial inhomogeneities embedded in a highly scattering medium is required in many fields. In this paper, a model of a stratified medium embedded with an inhomogeneous ball is considered. With an assumption that the ball is small enough, a perturbation solution to diffusion equation is obtained with some boundary treatments. According to the characteristics of this solution in the two-dimensional Fourier space, a new weighted Fourier transform is used to process the surface data. After this process, a singularity appears at the center of the ball. Combining with the symmetry of the surface data, the information of three-dimensional position of the ball is determined.
VELOCITY OF EMISSION PARTICLES AND SHOCKWAVE PRODUCED BY LASER-ABLATED Al TARGET
Authors: ZHANG SHU-DONG  , ZHANG WEI-JUN  ,   (1)西北师范大学物理系,兰州730070;中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所,合肥230031; (2)中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所,合肥230031
Published: December 2020

Under low vacuum condition (5Pa), Q-switched YAG laser ablates plane aluminum target and plasma are produced. Optical emission spectroscopy is used to carry out time-resolved analysis of atomic particles. Using the resonance transition of AlI 396.1 nm(3p2P—4s2S), the velocity distribution of AlI in space has been determined at laser power densities of 1.91×1010, 5.10×1010 and 7.64×1010W/cm2, respectively, when the ablating size is about 200 μm. The velocity is of the order of 106 cm/s and the time decays nearly agree with the exponential law as the radial distance from the target surface increases. At a fixed position, the velocity shows some decrease as the laser power density being increased, but when the distance is above 15 mm, the velocity converges to unification one. Shockwave model is used and gives a good agreement with the experimental results. From the model, it is deduced that the shockwave front has cylindrical symmetry.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DLC FLIM FINE STRUCTURE BY RAMAN SPECTRA AND X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: LI LIU-HE  , ZHANG HAI-QUAN  , CUI XU-MING  , ZHANG YAN-HUA  , XIA LI-FANG  , MA XIN-XIN  , SUN YUE  ,   (1)北京航空航天大学机械学院,北京100083; (2)哈尔滨工业大学材料学院,哈尔滨150001
Published: December 2020

The diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited under different deposition parameters by using arc technology. The detailed relationship of sp3 structure with the D peak of the DLC films' Raman spectra is discussed. In aid of the discussion, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the DLC films' C1s binding energy. By comparing the binding energy with the Raman shift of the films, it can be found that the intensity of D peak decomposed from the Raman shift can be increased not only by the graphite cluster, but also by higher content of sp3 bonds. Higher sp3 content of DLC films can be obtained by using 90 degree magnetic filter. The study shows that the C1s binding energy of DLC films, whose Raman spectra have higher intensity of D peak, can be 284.15 or 285.50 eV, which reveals that the DLC films may have higher graphite-like or diamond-like structure, respectively.