bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary caregiver Reports of Patient-Initiated and Suffered Violence in Schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study in Tunisia
Authors: Stambouli M. , Fekih Romdhane F. , Ghrissi F. , Cherif W. , Cheour M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Aggressive behavior in psychosis is not uncommon. Studies found that among the patients with schizophrenia engaged in violence, more than half committed violence directly against family members. However, few studies have explored violence victimization and perpetration among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

Objectives

Our study investigated caregiver reports of aggressive acts committed or suffered by their relative with schizophrenia

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia during the period from June to August 2022.Patients who attended our department of psychiatry at the Razi.The questionnaire was divided into three sections.

The first section: contained items regarding patient and caregiver-related information.

The second section: caregivers were asked questions about their experience of violence perpetration and victimization involving their relative with schizophrenia in the past 12 months.Beyond frequency, caregivers were also asked to specify, the causes of the violence perpetrated and suffered.

The third section contained two measures: The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the abridged version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), assessing psychological distress and caregiving burden, respectively.

Results

Finally 110 caregivers were included ,the majority of caregivers were females (63.6%) and consisted of patients’ parents (50.9%). Verbal violence was the most reported type of violence victimization (35.5%). In addition, 54.5% of caregivers disclosed having perpetrated verbal violence at least once against their ill relative.

Bivariate analysis showed that lower caregivers’ educational level (p=.017), unemployment (p<.001), other person in charge (p=.027), burden levels (p<.001), depression (p<.001), anxiety (p<.001) and stress (p<.001) symptoms are positively associated with violence victimization occurrence. while being male caregiver (p=.007), having other person in charge (p<.001) and higher levels of depression (p<.001), anxiety (p<.001), and stress (p<.001) were associated with more violence perpetration.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that violence victimization and perpetration in schizophrenia are not uncommon.Appropriate procedures for minimizing it should be considered.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Comorbidities of anxiety disorders in bipolar patients: therapeutic complexity
Authors: Bahetta S. , El moussaoui N.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies show that the rate of comorbidity of anxiety disorders is high in bipolar patients compared to the general population. This is associated with a poorer prognosis, poorer functioning and higher suicidal risk. Anxiety comorbidity should therefore be carefully investigated.

Objectives

Our main objectives are to explore the therapeutic complexity of anxiety disorders in patients with bipolar disorder To investigate the existence of psycho-pathological links and vulnerabilities between bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders.

Methods

through a clinical vignette and a review of the existing literature on the comorbidity of anxiety disorders and bipolar disorders, and the resulting therapeutic issues

Results

Anxiety comorbidity is quite common in the bipolar population. In the American National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), lifetime comorbidity is close to 90%. Two recent French clinical studies show the existence of at least one anxiety disorder in approximately 25% of bipolar subjects (24% and 27.2%), which will have an impact on the course of the bipolar disorder, with a particular increase in the risk of suicide, hence the importance of adequate treatment. This treatment faces two obstacles: the risk of manic episodes under antidepressants and the risk of dependence on benzodiazepines. Emphasis is also placed on non-drug approaches, including cognitive-behavioural and psycho-educational therapies.

Conclusions

Anxiety comorbidity is not without consequence on the evolution of bipolar disorder. Its particularly high prevalence means that it cannot be neglected or ignored in current practice.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Reliability of electronic patient reported outcomes vs. clinical assessment
Authors: Krasteva S. , Apostolov Z. , Kozhuharov H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The importance of inter-scale and inter-rater reliability is a well-studied factor in maintenance of data consistency in clinical research. The use of patient reported outcomes poses another risk for compromising data integrity, as some studies show that patients tend to report their symptoms differently in direct clinician-lead interview and self-administered questionnaires. Additionally, as technology is advancing and digital endpoints in CNS clinical trials are becoming a reality, we need to further evaluate if the digital means of self-reporting (e.g., mobile app questionnaires) per se could potentially be a contributing factor in data inconsistency.

Objectives

To assess reliability between clinician-assisted evaluation and electronic patient reported outcomes of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Methods

Patients not previously diagnosed with depression or anxiety disorders were asked to complete PHQ-9 and/or GAD-7, both verbally administered by a physician. Within 24 hours they were asked to complete a digital form of the same questionnaires.

Results

The analysis of 40 completed double assessments showed no correlation for depressive symptoms presence and severity measured by clinician-lead evaluation and electronic patient reported outcomes (Spearman rho = + 0.191, p=0.686), and poor correlation for anxiety symptoms (Spearman rho = + 0.466, p=0.080).

Conclusions

Many factors interfere with data consistency in clinical research, thus the methods and means of evaluation need to be taken into consideration. The reliability of electronic patient reported outcomes needs to be further assessed and preferably cross-checked by using other validated methods of assessment.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Cognitive effects after ECT: how to treat them?
Authors: Verwijk E.
Published: August 2023

How far have we progressed in the field of treating cognitive side effects? Six months after the last ECT treatment, about 15% of patients still have such symptoms, limiting daily life. So far, studies in the field of cognitive training for ECT-related cognitive side effects show few positive effects. Nevertheless, these patients seem to help well. Because they have no structural damage to their brain, training with long-term effectiveness may be available for them. Amsterdam University Medical Centers started the CONNECT clinic (Cognitive and Neuropsychological Aftercare ECT) in early 2022 for diagnosis and treatment of patients with long-term cognitive complaints (longer than six months) that hamper their daily functioning. After the intake and neuropsychological diagnostics, treatment starts if there is an indication. Patients are then offered ’cognitive strategy training’ in an individual course. Developed in the field of neuropsychological rehabilitation, these help to get a grip on cognitive complaints by improving memory or executive functioning with learning strategies. Our initial experiences with patients show that patients master these strategies very well and quickly. We present a pilot project from the Amsterdam UMC where an individualized treatment-programme for long-term cognitive complaints after ECT is being implemented and evaluated.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Energy Balance Paradigms in People Living With HIV
Authors: Ramirez Bustamante Claudia E , Agarwal Neeti , Cox Aaron R , Hartig Sean M , Lake Jordan E , Balasubramanyam Ashok
Published: August 2023

Over the past 4 decades, the clinical care of people living with HIV (PLWH) evolved from treatment of acute opportunistic infections to the management of chronic, noncommunicable comorbidities. Concurrently, our understanding of adipose tissue function matured to acknowledge its important endocrine contributions to energy balance. PLWH experience changes in the mass and composition of adipose tissue depots before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy, including regional loss (lipoatrophy), gain (lipohypertrophy), or mixed lipodystrophy. These conditions may coexist with generalized obesity in PLWH and reflect disturbances of energy balance regulation caused by HIV persistence and antiretroviral therapy drugs. Adipocyte hypertrophy characterizes visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depot expansion, as well as ectopic lipid deposition that occurs diffusely in the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart. PLWH with excess visceral adipose tissue exhibit adipokine dysregulation coupled with increased insulin resistance, heightening their risk for cardiovascular disease above that of the HIV-negative population. However, conventional therapies are ineffective for the management of cardiometabolic risk in this patient population. Although the knowledge of complex cardiometabolic comorbidities in PLWH continues to expand, significant knowledge gaps remain. Ongoing studies aimed at understanding interorgan communication and energy balance provide insights into metabolic observations in PLWH and reveal potential therapeutic targets. Our review focuses on current knowledge and recent advances in HIV-associated adipose tissue dysfunction, highlights emerging adipokine paradigms, and describes critical mechanistic and clinical insights.
Identification of high-performing antibodies for Moesin for use in Western Blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence
Authors: Alshafie Walaa , Ayoubi Riham , Fotouhi Maryam , Southern Kathleen , Laflamme Carl ,   NeuroSGC/YCharOS collaborative group
Published: August 2023

Moesin is a cytoskeletal adaptor protein, involved in the modification of the actin cytoskeleton, with relevance to Alzheimer’s Disease. Well characterized anti-Moesin antibodies would benefit the scientific community. In this study, we characterized ten commercial antibodies for Moesin in Western Blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence using a standardized experimental protocol based on comparing read-outs in knockout cell lines and isogenic parental controls. We identified well-performing antibodies and encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibody for their specific needs.
The Role of Problem-Based Learning Approach in Teaching and Learning Physics: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nicholus Gumisirizah , Muwonge Charles Magoba , Joseph Nzabahimana
Published: August 2023

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a learner-centered method in which complex real-world problems are used to stimulate students thinking and problem-solving abilities during the teaching and learning process. This systematic review aimed to reveal the role of the PBL approach in teaching and learning physics. Relevant articles for the review were sourced from Scopus and Web of Science using keywords such as “problem-based learning” and “PBL in physics” education” as search terms. This search yielded 376 results. Thirty-six articles were included in the analysis after passing a crucial condition of empirically investigating the effect of PBL in teaching and learning physics. Only three of these articles did not show a positive effect; others have shown a positive lead of PBL towards improving academic achievement, attitude to learn physics, problem-solving, critical and creative thinking abilities, cooperative learning enhancement, mental model development, and science process skills attainment. Therefore, the review offers important pointers to various classroom environments and activities that ignite learners’ thinking. Thus, it help policymakers to select and maintain the best methodology that promotes high students’ academic achievement levels.
Esthetic preferences of orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons for Indian facial profiles: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Reddy Harshini , Singla Ritesh , Singla Nishu , Natarajan Madhumitha , Singhal Deepak Kumar
Published: August 2023

Background: Disparity in the esthetic perceptions between a patient and clinician could result in patient dissatisfaction with orthodontic treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the perceptions of a group of orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons about the attractiveness of Indian facial profiles.

Methods: In this study, a male and a female participants’ photographs and lateral cephalograms were digitally manipulated by inserting them into Dolphin software; we considered four soft tissue parameters at a nasolabial angle, upper lip E-line, lower lip E-line, and pg-pg’, so that 20 profiles were created for each model. A visual analog scale (VAS) along with a question about surgical correction opinion was given to 18 orthodontists, 18 general dentists, and 18 laypersons to score (1-5) from least to most attractive. Spearman’s rank correlation was computed to assess correlation, as well as ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey analysis to compare the mean scores, and Chi-square test to determine the opinion about surgical treatment.

Results: There was an overall weak and negative correlation between the three groups, indicating that orthodontists attributed lower pleasantness scores to almost all the altered female and male facial profiles. Additionally, statistically significantly lower mean scores were attributed by orthodontists to many females and few male facial profiles. More orthodontists identified the need for surgical correction for a few severely distorted profiles but there was a statistically non-significant difference among the groups for most of the profiles.

Conclusions: It was concluded that participants in the three groups had diverse concepts of facial attractiveness in all the parameters considered. Compared to general dentists and laypersons, orthodontists were much more precise, firmer, and meticulous in identifying a favorable or good-looking profile.
Association between media use and poor sleep quality among senior high school students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chaveepojnkamjorn Wisit , Srikaew Jutiporn , Satitvipawee Pratana , Pitikultang Supachai , Khampeng Soontaree
Published: August 2023

Background: Poor sleep quality (PSQ) is an increasing health problem among adolescents. Mobile phones and portable media devices have become a part of children’s lives and may affect their sleep duration and quality. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of PSQ and identify the association between media use and PSQ among adolescents studying in high school grades 10-12.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in central Thailand. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to enroll 777 adolescents from eight schools from August to October 2016. The research instruments comprised factors of demographics and consumption behaviors and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results: Prevalence of PSQ was 56.24%. The study subjects were mostly 16-17 years old (67.82%) and female (70.39%). Multivariable logistic regression, after controlling for possible confounders, revealed an increased odds of PSQ among those who used a social media device (OR=1.34, 95%CI=0.97-1.87), and showed a higher proportion of social media use in the PSQ group.

Conclusion: A surveillance system to detect media use and PSQ should be conducted accompanied by knowledge sharing on media use among parents, teachers and adolescents. To determine causal relationships, further longitudinal studies will be required to test the association between media users and PSQ. This study may also provide some implications for health promotion on sleep quality of senior high school students.
Design an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole
Authors: B Srinivas , Koya Prabhakara Rao
Published: August 2023

A simple, highly efficient and environmentally friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole by using  Gadolinium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate catalyst and ethanol reflux reaction conditions  By using this method. 12 new 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were synthesized under optimized reactions conditions. All these new products structures are confirmed by spectral analysis. By this method, we achieved imidazole derivatives with more operational simplicity, short reaction time and good yields (up to 85%).
On the Role of Nuclear Binding Energy in Understanding Cold Nuclear Fusion
Authors: Seshavatharam Utpala Venkata Satya , Sreerama Lakshminarayana
Published: August 2023

The basic aim of this paper is to highlight the hidden energy source and understand the mechanism of the controversial and spectacular ‘cold nuclear fusion’ at nuclear energy scales. Following the concept of strong interaction, theoretically, fusion of proton seems to increase the binding energy of the final atom by 8.8 MeV. Due to Coulombic repulsion, asymmetry effect, pairing effect and, other nuclear effects, final atom is forced to choose a little bit of binding energy less than 8.8 MeV and thus it is able to release left over binding energy in the form of internal kinetic energy or external thermal energy. Thus, in cold fusion, heat release to occur, binding energy difference of final atom and base atom seems to be less than 8.8 MeV.
Employment Strategies in Indian It Industry
Authors: Nandeshwar R L , Zachariah Minu
Published: August 2023

Indian I.T. industry is characterized by shortage in skilled manpower resources. The technocrats of the I.T. species need delicate handling by HR personnel as the above-mentioned situation have bred highly demanding and egoistic workforce. If their expectations are not met, they tend to leave the Organization one by one, resulting in instability within the organization. The organizations normally overcomes this situation by developing attractive and innovative strategies unique by itself, to attract and retain outstanding talents. This gives them competitive advantage. The study on the above topic aims at giving an insight of employment strategies adopted by IT organizations and its impact on employees.
The Role of Non-governmental Organizations in Minimizing School Dropouts
Authors: Peter S , Raman K J , Ravilochanan P
Published: August 2023

Peter et al, (2004) studied the factors associated with the school dropouts of SC and ST students in Chennai Corporation Higher Secondary schools. The problem of school dropouts should be a matter of great concern to the Government and the society as a whole, since it can lead to lopsided development of the different sections of populations and ultimately widen the gap between the haves and have-nots. There is no doubt that the development of human resource through a good education which is free from the problem of dropouts opens the doors for opportunities for the future and it should be the responsibility of the society as a whole, to ensure that these doors are not shut for the students of the poorer sections of the community. Towards this, the Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) can play a major role by providing training and development Programmes for this particular category of secondary school dropouts.
Diaspora to Transnational Networks: the Case of Chinese Diaspora in the Mainland China
Authors: Mathew P A
Published: August 2023

Out of the many views on globalization, the one that focuses on the network approach is different in scope. This approach focuses on the social embeddedness of the profit oriented business world rather than giving Multinational Corporations the central role in the globalization process. Changes in the world economy have brought in new players in the competitive market place and one of the players is the Diaspora investors. The Diaspora investors unliie the traditional business players use network relations to survive and succeed in the dynamic global economy. An excellent example for this is the case of Chinese Diaspora. They were able to carve a niche for themselves in the mainland China when the economy opened up. By using network relations and making connections horizontally across the vertical walls of a segmented society they were able to promote transnational linkages. This article focuses on the utilization Guanxi as a cultural strategy for securing social resources towards goal attainment.
Participative Management and Performance: an en Pirical Analysis of Work Organizations
Authors: Somashekher C
Published: August 2023

Workers' Participation in Management (WPM) has come to be the focus of scientific and academic attention in Sociological circles with its growing importance in the context of post industrial society. WPM is viewed as a principal mechanism through which the principles of human relations approach could be incorporated into the managerial practices in the contemporary work organizations and as such, has been looked upon as a positive and humanizing intervention in the process of management. However, the nature, extent and determinants of WPM have been found to be varying significantly in different socio­cultural contexts warranting culture specific and context specific empirical studies. An attempt, hence, is made in this paper to probe empirically into the extent and determinants of WPM in work organizations in an Indian setting. In all, eight work organizations from public and private sector, representing diverse types, and sizes are studied employing an organizational information schedule so devised as to elicit information required for conceptualizing organizational and contextual variables, along with three interview schedules each designed to ascertain the nature and extent of WPM, by representatives of workers, managers and unions operating as functionaries on diverse machineries of WPM. The findings seem to negate the much debated and lamented poor levels of participation by worker representatives, apathy of managerial personnel and antagonism of union leadership. The level of WPM wherever provided for, is found to be reasonably high and it varies significantly with organizational variables such as size, sector, age of the organization and extent of unionization on the one hand contextual variables such as labor force composition and ideological and political overtones of the unions operating in the plant on the other. Further, the findings indicate that the extent of WPM has significant positive implications for productivity, climate of industrial relations and profitability in particular and industrial performance in general.
The Need to Legalize and Regulate Insider Trading - An Analysis
Authors: Ghosh Anuradha
Published: August 2023

Insider trading is perceived as a problem across capital mar-kets. The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) created the SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015, which criminalizes insider trading. However, insider trading laws have faced several problems at the implementation and enforcement stage. This article considers these problems from the viewpoint of the economic rationale that insider trading should be permitted in capital markets and thus le-galized. These economic arguments have largely been ig-nored by regulators who have continued to come down hard upon insider trading, despite limited success. Moreover, due to concerns related to privacy, insider trading investigations may face greater hurdles in the future. This article takes these factors and economic arguments into consideration and balances them against the regulators' concerns to suggest that insider trading be not only prima facie legalized, but also regulated when there is a breach of fiduciary duties or when there is a dissemination of positive information.
Collective Bargaining: A Tool for settling Industrial Disputes
Authors: Raj Aakash , Rani Salian Deepa
Published: August 2023

The terms and conditions of employment of workers are regulated between their bargaining agents and the employers. Thus, the obligation to bargain collectively is mutual. So the union and the employer are under the duty to bargain, in view, that the parties are required to meet at reasonable times and confer in good faith, with an intention to negotiate on the subject matter called for. In relation to this, the collective bargaining agreement ought to be written and signed by parties on request, where in either party is required to agree to a proposal or make a concession. With an aim to reduce unwanted strikes and lockdowns caused by the workers, the paper revolves around the role of Trade Unions inthe settlement of disputes between the employer and workers through a collective bargaining process, resulting in the peaceful settlement of industrial disputes.
How do eating disorders can affect the endocrine system? - literature review
Authors: Iwan Karolina , Bielak Alicja , Gryta Jakub , Janczewska Martyna , Kalicka Maria , Kolasa Agata , Krysa Tomasz , Radziejowska Zuzanna , Szklarz Magdalena
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Eating disorders (ED) are complex psychological disorders with low rates of detection and early intervention. High rates of morbidity and mortality in eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa (AN), is still continued. ED mostly refers to adolescent and lead to many significant complications, including many changes in endocrine system. Hormonal disorders in AN occur among sex hormones, thyroid hormones, adrenal hormones, growth hormones, as well as the entire hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

Purpose of the study: The aim of this study is to collect and summarize the latest views on endocrine dysregulation in anorexia nervosa and highlights the complications associated with it.

Material and method: Literature review was performed in English different databases, using keywords: eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, menstruation, menses, irregular menstruation, estrogen, bone mineral density, cortisol, hipercortisolemia, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, growth hormone, thyroid, tyrosine.

Results and conclusions: In our systematic review we would like to present the most significant hormone dysregulation in anorexia nervosa and how they can affect the whole organism, such as gonadal axis disregulation, menstrual disorders, bone mineral density, hipercortisolemia, hypoglycemia and other that anorexia nervosa may cause. The phenomenon of eating disorder is becoming more and more frequent – for this reason it is important to put attention to that and be aware of many complication ED can lead to, including hormonal changes.
Psilocybin's Emerging Role in Combating Depressive Disorder
Authors: Jaremek Anna , Kępa Joanna , Kandefer Norbert , Wyszkowski Michał , Grabarczyk Aleksandra , Pawlak Anna , Grad Sylwia , Gregorek Małgorzata , Gregorek Paweł
Published: August 2023

In this review paper, we delve into the potential applicability of psilocybin - a naturally synthesized psychedelic substance found within select species of fungi, as a prospective avenue for depression treatment. Depression, a widespread psychological malady affecting countless individuals across the globe, often proves stubborn against existing treatment modalities, necessitating exploration into new options. The spotlight has increasingly been cast on psilocybin, thanks to its promising therapeutic capacities for a spectrum of mental health disorders, notably including depression. This article dissects the operational mechanisms of psilocybin, referencing germane clinical trials, and weighing the prospective risks and rewards related to its usage.

Pooled findings from an array of clinical studies hint at the possibility of psilocybin furnishing swift and lasting advantages for managing depression and similar disorders. Trial participants who underwent a combined regimen of psilocybin and psychotherapy recorded enduring alleviation in their anxiety and depressive symptoms. Psilocybin has been observed to trigger modifications in neural activity, predominantly in the brain's default mode network (DMN) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These alterations have been correlated with a decrease in self-oriented cognitive processes, an uptick in positive emotional states, and the facilitation of neuroplasticity. When compared with standard antidepressant medications, the symptomatic improvements seen with psilocybin were largely equivalent. Preclinical investigations have also underlined psilocybin's potential in augmenting neural plasticity and neurogenesis, thus hinting at its possible utility in the fields of neurosurgery and neurooncology.
Physiological and Biological Testing and Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Bulut Sefa , Salmanova Kemale , Crescenzo Pietro , Bulut Nebahat
Published: August 2023

This review essay investigates the biological and physiological consequences of ptsd to deepen its academic understanding, alongside an analysis of psychobiological testing and assessment procedures. Psychological responses to traumatic events can be acute stress reactions or stress disorders. One among them is post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd). When people experience a traumatic event, such as death, terror, or physical injury, they tend to demonstrate fear, helplessness, or hopelessness. Patients displaying other symptoms like re-experiencing the trauma, avoidance, or hyper-arousal also indicate ptsd. Experiencing extended ptsd may cause significant health problems, whether biological, such as the dysfunction of stress-responsive neurobiological systems, or physiological, such as hypertension and heart disease. Previous studies of trauma survivors reported a strong link between physical and mental health. The cumulative literature in psychology shows that traumatic exposure can cause disturbing effects in the short and long term. This review will contribute to developing an understanding of the biological markers of ptsd. This paper specifically deals with biological and physiological testing and assessment of ptsd. It includes widely utilized biological assessments and summarizes a general multi-model assessment to identify ptsd symptoms.
Ocupando la calle. Tecnología y conocimiento en la informalidad
Authors: Batz Liñeiro Aglaya , Anzola David , Serrano Cárdenas Lizeth Fernanda , Pineda Irma Franco , Rodríguez Corcho Julián David
Published: August 2023

El estudio de la informalidad laboral ha estado dominado por una visión económica que limita la comprensión del fenómeno al omitir las reflexiones de los trabajadores informales sobre sus propias experiencias de vida dentro de la ocupación. En la investigación que presentamos en este libro, utilizamos la metodología de photo-elicitation para profundizar en la comprensión del impacto de la tecnología y el conocimiento en tres actividades informales: el reciclaje, la venta ambulante y los domicilios a través de plataformas móviles. Para ello, profundizamos, por un lado, en las tecnologías físicas y digitales que estos trabajadores utilizan y transforman y, por otro, en los procesos que les permiten agregar conocimiento para llevar a cabo su labor diaria. Esta investigación es el resultado del Proyecto 7 de la Alianza para una Economía Formal e Inclusiva (EFI).
Laboratorio Social. Innovación y experimentación para la economía formal e inclusiva
Authors: Batz Liñeiro Aglaya , Montes de la Barrera Jose , Espejo Ramírez Jaime Alexander
Published: August 2023

El libro tuvo como objeto definir el diseño y la estructura del modelo de negocio de un Laboratorio Social (esto es, un laboratorio centrado en la creación de prototipos y gestión de soluciones prometedoras, formado por personas de diversos sectores y con distintas experiencias para atacar la raíz y el núcleo de los problemas sociales) para una economía formal e inclusiva. A partir de tres fases (recopilación de datos, análisis de la información y cocreación del modelo de negocio), se obtuvo la estructura del modelo de negocio del Laboratorio Social, que cuenta con características que lo diferencian de institu-ciones similares: es sostenible y está en capacidad de brindar servicios a las entidades del ecosistema, opera en red para ser flexible y eficiente, aborda el fenómeno de la informalidad desde una perspectiva multienfoque o interdisciplinar y tiene un mayor enfoque en los territorios, profundidad de análisis y capacidad de monitoreo sobre el conocimiento que genera. Además, resultado de una investigación de casi dos años, este libro también plantea las etapas para el desarrollo del Laboratorio Social (planeación, consolidación y sostenibilidad), de tal forma que pueda ajustarse a las necesidades de investigación y de la población objetivo, escalar y consolidarse.
Preliminary evaluation of a multidisciplinary pathway for people who self-harm in acute inpatient mental health care
Authors: Smith Kimberley , Gkika Styliani , Hammond Charlotte , Swift Elaine
Published: August 2023

Background/aims

Inpatient mental health settings are required to provide biopsychosocial interventions to support service users who self-harm. This is important as self-harm has been associated with increased admissions and risk of suicide. A multidisciplinary self-harm pathway was developed in an acute inpatient mental health ward for adult women to help staff support patients who self-harm. The aim of this project was to evaluate the pathway in relation to service user distress, confidence in managing mental health, therapeutic alliances with the ward team and self-harm incidents on the ward.

Methods

Data were collected from the record-keeping systems and from questionnaires completed before and after the pathway was introduced.

Results

The pathway was well received by service users and contributed to improvements in distress, confidence and to more effective management of self-harm.

Conclusions

The self-harm pathway was found to be a useful framework within which to structure psychosocial interventions for self-harm and least restrictive practice.
The role of the advance nurse practitioner in mental health in Scotland
Authors: Armstrong Elaine J
Published: August 2023

In this article, Elaine J Armstrong discusses the role of the advance nurse practitioner in mental health, along with the challenges and opportunities that this role brings.
RADIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PELVIS: A TOOL FOR TRAUMA SURGERY PLANNING
Authors: Lee K. , Lin J. , Lynch J. , Smith P.
Published: August 2023

Variations in pelvic anatomy are a major risk factor for misplaced percutaneous sacroiliac screws used to treat unstable posterior pelvic ring injuries. A better understanding of pelvic morphology improves preoperative planning and therefore minimises the risk of malpositioned screws, neurological or vascular injuries, failed fixation or malreduction. Hence a classification system which identifies the clinically important anatomical variations of the sacrum would improve communication among pelvic surgeons and inform treatment strategy.

300 Pelvic CT scans from skeletally mature trauma patients that did not have pre-existing posterior pelvic pathology were identified. Axial and coronal transosseous corridor widths at both S1 and S2 were recorded. Additionally, the S1 lateral mass angle were also calculated. Pelvises were classified based upon the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) height using the midpoint of the anterior cortex of L5 as a reference point. Four distinct types could be identified:

Type-A – SIJ height is above the midpoint of the anterior cortex of the L5 vertebra.

Type-B – SIJ height is between the midpoint and the lowest point of the anterior cortex of the L5 vertebra.

Type-C – SIJ height is below the lowest point of the anterior cortex of the L5 vertebra.

Type-D – a subgroup for those with a lumbosacral transitional vertebra, in particular a sacralised L5.

Differences in transosseous corridor widths and lateral mass angles between classification types were assessed using two-way ANOVAs.

Type-B was the most common pelvic type followed by Type-A, Type-C, and Type-D. Significant differences in the axial and coronal corridors was observed for all pelvic types at each level. Lateral mass angles increased from Types-A to C, but were smaller in Type-D.

This classification system offers a guide to surgeons navigating variable pelvic anatomy and understanding how it is associated with the differences in transosseous sacral corridors. It can assist surgeons’ preoperative planning of screw position, choice of fixation or the need for technological assistance.
'He spekeþ no more with me': Elegy and Lament in Sir Tristrem
Authors: Crofts Thomas H.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Concentrating on the first narrative section of the poem, which encompasses Tristrem's birth and the death of his parents, this article observes the elegiac notes struck by the Tristrem -poet early in the tale, and the epic voicing of lament punctuating the poem's first section and initiating Sir Tristrem 's central narrative. A careful reading shows that the Middle English poet not only skillfully adapted his source-text (Thomas of Britain's Tristran ) to the demands of oral performance, but also retained, even sharpened, the tragic capability of the 'courtly' Matter of Tristan.
'wepte and shryked:' Social Grief and the Conclusion of Malory's Le Morte Darthur
Authors: Roland Meg
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Through the person of King Arthur, Sir Thomas Malory articulates an emotional response not experienced by one, but as a form of 'social grief,' a grief formed outside the normative bounds and emotional regime of the Arthurian community. Similar to Malory's evocation of the despair of the Arthurian court, we also grieve the loss of civil society, replaced by the shadow side of the American ideals of individual freedom and constitutional rights.
Multi-dimensional wavefront sensing using volumetric meta-optics
Authors: Ballew Conner , Roberts Gregory , Faraon Andrei
Published: August 2023

The ideal imaging system would efficiently capture information about the fundamental properties of light: propagation direction, wavelength, and polarization. Most common imaging systems only map the spatial degrees of freedom of light onto a two-dimensional image sensor, with some wavelength and/or polarization discrimination added at the expense of efficiency. Thus, one of the most intriguing problems in optics is how to group and classify multiple degrees of freedom and map them on a two-dimensional sensor space. Here we demonstrate through simulation that volumetric meta-optics consisting of a highly scattering, inverse-designed medium structured with subwavelength resolution can sort light simultaneously based on direction, wavelength, and polarization. This is done by mapping these properties to a distinct combination of pixels on the image sensor for compressed sensing applications, including wavefront sensing, beam profiling, and next-generation plenoptic sensors.
Improvement on stability of direct modulation laser with integrated active feedback by partial corrugated gratings
Authors: Ban Dechao , Wang Jian , Wang Xin , Lu Dan , Wang Wenting , Jin Ya , Zhai Kunpeng , Du Xinhao , Bai Jinhua , Yuan Haiqing , Chen Wei , Liu Yu , Li Ming , Zhu Ninghua
Published: August 2023

Researchers have developed a uniform grating DFB with an integrated active optical feedback waveguide (UG-AFDFB) to enhance the modulation speed of direct modulation lasers (DMLs) while reducing costs based on identical active layer designations. However, this design has difficulties in obtaining high single mode yield (SMY) and low relative intensity noise (RIN) as a result of the strong optical feedback caused by the integrated active feedback waveguide (AFW) and the random phase of the facet phase. In this paper, a partial corrugated grating DFB with an integrated active optical feedback waveguide (PG-AFDFB) is proposed to address this issue. Comparison of SMY, S21, RIN, modulation eye pattern, and frequency chirp parameters between UG-AFDFB and PG-AFDFB based on time-domain transmission line laser mode reveals that PG-AFDFB with an optimized grating couple parameter κ performs significantly better than UG-AFDFB under the same conditions. Furthermore, the performance of PG-AFDFB is not sensitive to the random phase of the rear facet phase. Even when κ ranges from 6000 /m to 12000 /m, the current in the AFW is between 0 mA and 20 mA, and the length of the AFW ranges from 50 µm to 100 µm; the SMY of PG-AFDFB remains above 80%.
Multi-target detection and sizing of single nanoparticles using an optical star polygon microcavity
Authors: Zhao Yanhui , Liu Feng
Published: August 2023

We present a miniaturized single nanoparticle detector that utilizes an optical star polygon microcavity with a 3 µm-radius. The microcavity supports high-quality factor resonant modes, with light localized at the corners of the star-shaped polygon, where the air region is situated. When nanoparticles are positioned at the corners of the microcavity, the light-matter interactions are enhanced. Notably, increasing the number of particles has little effect on the quality factor of the cavity, making it ideal for the simultaneous detection of multiple targets. Our numerical simulations demonstrate the high precision detection of polystyrene nanoparticles with a radius of 3 nm using this method. Furthermore, the size and number of nanoparticles can be determined by utilizing the triangular corners of the cavity as rulers. These findings represent a significant advancement in miniaturized and multi-target simultaneous nanoparticle detection. The proposed detector is expected to have a wide range of applications in various fields, including biomedicine and environmental monitoring.
Generation of optical frequency combs by Q-switching integrated multi-section semiconductor lasers
Authors: López-Querol Pablo , Quevedo-Galán Clara , Pérez-Serrano Antonio , G. Tijero José Manuel , Esquivias Ignacio
Published: August 2023

In this work we perform a theoretical and simulation analysis of the behavior of an integrated four section distributed Bragg reflector semiconductor laser under optical injection and Q-switching operation. An electro-absorption modulator is introduced into the laser cavity to control the total losses and perform Q-switching. The simulations are done using a rate equation model. Q-switching operation produces very short and high power pulses. This, together with the use of optical injection, allows obtaining flat and broad optical frequency combs with up to 2100 optical lines within 10 dB (642 lines within 3 dB) at a repetition frequency of 100 MHz. The high chirp of the pulses is responsible for the broad spectra of these combs in comparison with gain switched combs, and the device structure allows fabrication in commercial foundries using standard building blocks.
Two fiber-bundle-type FI/FO devices of low insertion loss and cross talk applied for connecting 13-core 5-mode fiber
Authors: Liang Yongze , Liang Enwang , Lu Qikun , Zhou Xue , Zhang Xuenan , Yan Xin , Qin Yu , Shen Yichun , Zhang Zelin , Cheng Tonglei
Published: August 2023

Two fiber-bundle-typed fan-in/fan-out (FI/FO) devices, “wavy hexagon-shaped silhouette” type (W-FI/FO) and “tortoise-shaped silhouette” type (T-FI/FO), have been proposed and manufactured based on tapering glass tubes for docking with a self-made 13-core 5-mode fiber. The W-FI/FO device consists of 19 5-mode fibers and has an extended layout based on the 13-core 5-mode fiber structure. It could dock multiple fibers with 19 or 13 cores of the same size standards. When connecting it with 13-core 5-mode, the average losses (ILs) of its five modes are 1.07 dB, 2.95 dB, 3.42 dB, 3.65 dB, and 4.38 dB. The cross talks of the five linearly polarized (LP) modes are −69.1 dB, −64.7 dB, −44.2 dB, −43.9 dB, and −39.1 dB. The T-FI/FO device has a similar core arrangement to the 13-core 5-mode fiber and its average ILs of the five LP modes are 0.23 dB, 1.31 dB, 2.09 dB, 2.66 dB, and 3.03 dB. The cross talks of its five LP modes between adjacent cores are −72.8 dB, −67.8 dB, −43.6 dB, −40.0 dB, and −35.3 dB. The IL and cross talk of the LP01 mode are of satisfactory values, which are 0.23 dB and −72.8 dB, respectively. These two proposed FI/FO devices are expected to be used for high-speed optical interconnection and fiber communication.
Orthohantavirus infections in humans and rodents in the Yichun region, China, from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Liu Shi-Wen , Li Jian-Xiong , Zou Long , Liu Xiao-Qing , Xu Gang , Xiong Ying , Long Zhong-Er
Published: August 2023

Background

Rodents are the predominant natural hosts of orthohantavirus and the source of human infection, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by orthohantavirus is a severe public health problem in the Yichun region, Jiangxi Province, China. However, little information is known about the infection of orthohantavirus in humans and rodents, and the genetic characteristics of the epidemic orthohantavirus in the region.

Methods

The clinical data of HFRS cases in 2016–2021 was analyzed. Virus infection in rodents was analyzed by orthohantavirus antigen detection using immunofluorescent assay, and the species of orthohantaviruses in rodents and patients were identified by real-time RT-PCR and gene sequencing. The S and M segments of orthohantaviruses from rodents and patients were recovered and analyzed.

Results

A total of 1,573 HFRS cases were reported in the Yichun region from 2016 to 2021, including 11 death cases. HFRS cases peaked twice each year: in winter from November to January and early summer from May to June. Farmers constituted the predominant population suffering from HFRS. The orthohantavirus antigen was identified in five species of rodents: Apodemus agrarius (A. agrarius), Rattus norvegicus (R. norvegicus), Sorex araneus, Rattus losea (R. losea), and Niviventer confucianus (N. confucianus). The real-time RT-PCR test and genetic analysis results showed that Hantaan orthohantavirus (HTNV), Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV), and Dabieshan orthohantavirus (DBSV) were circulated in the rodents. HTNV, SEOV, and DBSV from the rodents were distantly related to other known orthohantaviruses and belonged to novel genetic lineages. SEOV and HTNV were found in HFRS patients, but 97.8% (90/92) of the infections were caused by HTNV. Winter and early summer peaks were both caused by HTNV. The HTNV sequences recovered from HFRS cases were closely related to those from A. agrarius.

Conclusions

In the Yichun region, the orthohantaviruses transmitted in rodents include HTNV, SEOV, and DBSV, which have obvious genetic characteristics and high genetic diversity. At the same time, this region is an HFRS mixed epidemic area dominated by HTNV, with two peaks every year, which deserves our high attention.