bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Characteristics of Three Baseplate Rotational Arrangement Techniques in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Kang KwanSu , Jang Young Woong , Yoo Oui Sik , Jung Dukyoung , Lee Sung-Jae , Lee Myung Chul , Lim Dohyung
Published: June 2018

Introduction. Several ongoing studies aim to improve the survival rate following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which is an effective orthopedic surgical approach for patients with severely painful knee joint diseases. Among the studied strategies, baseplate rotational arrangement techniques for TKA components have been suggested but have been the subject of only simple reliability evaluations. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate comparatively three different baseplate rotational arrangement techniques that are commonly used in a clinical context. Materials and Methods. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models of the proximal tibia with TKA were developed and analyzed considering three baseplate rotational arrangement techniques (anterior cortex line, tibial tuberosity one-third line, and tibial tuberosity end line) for six activities of daily life (ADLs) among patients undergoing TKA. Mechanical tests based on the ASTM F1800 standard to validate the FE models were then performed using a universal testing machine. To evaluate differences in biomechanical characteristics according to baseplate rotational arrangement technique, the strain and peak von Mises stresses (PVMSs) were assessed. Results. The accuracy of the FE models used in this study was high (94.7 ± 5.6%). For the tibial tuberosity one-third line rotational arrangement technique, strains ≤ 50 µstrain (the critical bone damage strain, which may affect bone remodeling) accounted for approximately 2.2%–11.3% and PVMSs within the bone cement ranged from 19.4 to 29.2 MPa, in ADLs with high loading conditions. For the tibial tuberosity end line rotational arrangement, strains ≤ 50 µstrain accounted for approximately 2.3%–13.3% and PVMSs within the bone cement ranged from 13.5 to 26.7 MPa. For anterior cortex line rotational arrangement techniques, strains ≤50 µstrain accounted for approximately 10.6%–16.6% and PVMSs within the bone cement ranged from 11.6 to 21.7 MPa. Conclusion. The results show that the most recently developed frontal cortex line rotational alignment technique is the same or better than the other two rotational alignment techniques in terms of biomechanics. This finding can be, however, dependent on the contact characteristics between the baseplate and the proximal tibia. That is, it is indicated that the optimum baseplate rotational arrangement technique in terms of reducing the incidence of TKA mechanical failure can be achieved by adjusting the characteristics of contact between the baseplate and the proximal tibia.
The Advantage of FLASH Radiotherapy Confirmed in Mini-pig and Cat-cancer Patients
Authors: Vozenin Marie-Catherine , De Fornel Pauline , Petersson Kristoffer , Favaudon Vincent , Jaccard Maud , Germond Jean-François , Petit Benoit , Burki Marco , Ferrand Gisèle , Patin David , Bouchaab Hanan , Ozsahin Mahmut , Bochud François , Bailat Claude , Devauchelle Patrick , Bourhis Jean
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

Previous studies using FLASH radiotherapy (RT) in mice showed a marked increase of the differential effect between normal tissue and tumors. To stimulate clinical transfer, we evaluated whether this effect could also occur in higher mammals.

Experimental Design:

Pig skin was used to investigate a potential difference in toxicity between irradiation delivered at an ultrahigh dose rate called “FLASH-RT” and irradiation delivered at a conventional dose rate called “Conv-RT.” A clinical, phase I, single-dose escalation trial (25–41 Gy) was performed in 6 cat patients with locally advanced T2/T3N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum to determine the maximal tolerated dose and progression-free survival (PFS) of single-dose FLASH-RT.

Results:

Using, respectively, depilation and fibronecrosis as acute and late endpoints, a protective effect of FLASH-RT was observed (≥20% dose-equivalent difference vs. Conv-RT). Three cats experienced no acute toxicity, whereas 3 exhibited moderate/mild transient mucositis, and all cats had depilation. With a median follow-up of 13.5 months, the PFS at 16 months was 84%.

Conclusions:

Our results confirmed the potential advantage of FLASH-RT and provide a strong rationale for further evaluating FLASH-RT in human patients.

See related commentary by Harrington, p. 3
NF-κB–Dependent Lymphoid Enhancer Co-option Promotes Renal Carcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo , Patel Saroor A. , Harewood Louise , Olan Ioana , Vojtasova Erika , Syafruddin Saiful E. , Zaini M. Nazhif , Richardson Emma K. , Burge Johanna , Warren Anne Y. , Stewart Grant D. , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Samarajiwa Shamith A. , Vanharanta Sakari
Published: June 2018

Metastases, the spread of cancer cells to distant organs, cause the majority of cancer-related deaths. Few metastasis-specific driver mutations have been identified, suggesting aberrant gene regulation as a source of metastatic traits. However, how metastatic gene expression programs arise is poorly understood. Here, using human-derived metastasis models of renal cancer, we identify transcriptional enhancers that promote metastatic carcinoma progression. Specific enhancers and enhancer clusters are activated in metastatic cancer cell populations, and the associated gene expression patterns are predictive of poor patient outcome in clinical samples. We find that the renal cancer metastasis–associated enhancer complement consists of multiple coactivated tissue-specific enhancer modules. Specifically, we identify and functionally characterize a coregulatory enhancer cluster, activated by the renal cancer driver HIF2A and an NF-κB–driven lymphoid element, as a mediator of metastasis in vivo. We conclude that oncogenic pathways can acquire metastatic phenotypes through cross-lineage co-option of physiologic epigenetic enhancer states.

Significance: Renal cancer is associated with significant mortality due to metastasis. We show that in metastatic renal cancer, functionally important metastasis genes are activated via co-option of gene regulatory enhancer modules from distant developmental lineages, thus providing clues to the origins of metastatic cancer. Cancer Discov; 8(7); 850–65. ©2018 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 781
Adrenal Crises in Children: Perspectives and Research Directions
Authors: Rushworth R. Louise , Torpy David J. , Stratakis Constantine A. , Falhammar Henrik
Published: June 2018

Adrenal crises (AC) are life-threatening physiological disturbances that occur at a rate of 5–10/100 patient years in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI). Despite their seriousness, there is a paucity of information on the epidemiology of AC events in the paediatric population specifically, as most investigations have focused on AI and ACs in adults. Improved surveillance of AC-related morbidity and mortality should improve the delineation of AC risk overall and among different subgroups of paediatric patients with AI. Valid incidence measures are essential for this purpose and also for the evaluation of interventions aimed at reducing adverse health outcomes from ACs. However, the absence of an agreed AC definition limits the potential benefit of research and surveillance in this area. While approaches to the treatment and prevention of ACs have much in common across the lifespan, there are important differences between children and adults with regards to the physiological, psychological, and social milieu in which these events occur. Education is considered to be an essential element of AC prevention but studies have shown that ACs occur even among well-educated patients, suggesting that new strategies may be needed. In this review, we examine the current knowledge regarding AC events in children with AI; assess the existing definitions of an AC and offer a new definition for use in research and the clinic; and suggest areas for further investigation that are aimed at reducing the incidence and health impact of ACs in the paediatric age group.
Adenomyosis and Endometrial Cancer: Literature Review
Authors: Habiba Marwan , Pluchino Nicola , Petignat Patrick , Bianchi Paola , Brosens Ivo A. , Benagiano Giuseppe
Published: June 2018

To confirm the origin of cancer found in both the endometrium and the myometrium is difficult. Cancer may spread from the endometrium into adenomyotic foci or vice versa. Also, premalignant changes may arise at either or both sites. Investigating disease origin enhances our understanding of pathophysiology and prognosis. Additional critical questions are whether women with adenomyosis have a higher risk of endometrial cancer; whether the invasive properties and prognosis of cancer in adenomyosis differ from those arising in the eutopic endometrium and whether the ectopic glandular tissue in adenomyosis becomes altered in the presence of eutopic endometrial cancer. A final question is whether cancer arising within adenomyosis carries a worse prognosis because of its location within the myometrium and the possibility that the presence of adenomyosis facilitates invasion of cancer arising in the eutopic endometrium. The present review explores currently available literature in an attempt to answer these questions and to examine clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis and prognosis.
Monogenic Disorders of Adrenal Steroidogenesis
Authors: Baranowski Elizabeth S. , Arlt Wiebke , Idkowiak Jan
Published: June 2018

Disorders of adrenal steroidogenesis comprise autosomal recessive conditions affecting steroidogenic enzymes of the adrenal cortex. Those are located within the 3 major branches of the steroidogenic machinery involved in the production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. This mini review describes the principles of adrenal steroidogenesis, including the newly appreciated 11-oxygenated androgen pathway. This is followed by a description of pathophysiology, biochemistry, and clinical implications of steroidogenic disorders, including mutations affecting cholesterol import and steroid synthesis, the latter comprising both mutations affecting steroidogenic enzymes and co-factors required for efficient catalysis. A good understanding of adrenal steroidogenic pathways and their regulation is crucial as the basis for sound management of these disorders, which in the majority present in early childhood.
Post-Mortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearances of Feticide in Perinatal Deaths
Authors: Shelmerdine Susan C. , Hickson Melissa , Sebire Neil J. , Arthurs Owen J.
Published: June 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterise the imaging features seen in fetuses having undergone feticide by intracardiac potassium chloride injection compared to those of non-terminated fetuses at post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI). Methods: A case-control study was performed comparing PMMRI findings between two groups of patients – those having undergone feticide were matched to a control group of miscarried/stillborn fetuses. The groups were matched according to gestational age, weight, and time since death. Two independent readers reviewed the PMMRI for thoracic, abdominal, and musculoskeletal imaging features. The Fishers exact test was conducted for differences between the patient groups. Results: Twenty-six cases of feticide (mean gestation 25 weeks [20–36]) and 75 non-terminated fetuses (mean gestation 26.7 weeks [19–36]) were compared. There was a higher proportion of feticide cases demonstrating pneumothorax (23.1 vs. 1.3%, p = 0.001), haemothorax (42.3 vs. 4%, p = 0.001), pneumopericardium (30.8 vs. 5.3%, p = 0.002), and haemopericardium (34.6 vs. 0%, p = 0.0001). Intracardiac gas and intra-abdominal findings were higher in the feticide group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Characteristic PMMRI features of feticide can help improve reporter confidence in differentiating iatrogenic from physiological/pathological processes.
Preoperative Ultrasound Prediction of Essential Landmarks for Successful Fetoscopic Laser Treatment of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Miller Jena L. , Block-Abraham Dana M. , Blakemore Karin J. , Baschat Ahmet A.
Published: June 2018

Introduction: The insertion site of the fetoscope for laser occlusion (FLOC) treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) determines the likelihood of treatment success. We assessed a standardized preoperative ultrasound approach for its ability to identify critical landmarks for successful FLOC. Methods: Three surgeons independently performed preoperative ultrasound and deduced the likely orientation of the intertwin membrane (ITM) and vascular equator (VE) based on the sites of the cord insertion, the lie of the donor, and the size discordance between twins. At FLOC, these landmarks were visually verified and compared to preoperative assessments. Results: Fifty consecutive FLOC surgeries had 127 preoperative assessments. Basic ITM and VE orientation were accurately predicted in 115 (90.6%), 109 (85.8%), and 105 (82.7%) assessments. Predictions were anatomically correct in 96 (75.6%), 70 (55.1%), and 58 (45.7%) assessments with no differences in accuracy between operators of different training level. The ITM/VE relationship was most poorly predicted in stage-3 TTTS (χ2, p = 0.016). Conclusion: In TTTS, preoperative ultrasound identification of placental cord insertion sites, lie of the donor twin, and size discordance enables preoperative prediction of key landmarks for successful FLOC.
Maximizing Nephron Mass in Horseshoe Kidney Transplantation Using Inferior Epigastric Artery: Case Report
Authors: Elec Florin-Ioan , Zaharie Andreea , Vintilă Ionuţ-Lucian , Ghervan Liviu
Published: June 2018

Due to the progressive shortage of donors, kidneys with congenital anomalies are considered for transplantation. We report a successful transplantation of a split horseshoe kidney from a deceased donor by using the inferior epigastric artery with an end-to-end anastomosis, supplying the isthmus. Thus, we preserved as much as possible the functional parenchyma for a good long-term outcome. The learning point is that the use of the right inferior epigastric artery seems to be a good solution to perfuse the lower artery in order to avoid its ligation, thus reducing the nephron mass of the graft.
Correlation of PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling Pathway with Treg/Th17 Imbalance from Asthmatic Children
Authors: Xi Xia , Liu Jing-Mei , Guo Jun-Ying
Published: June 2018

Background: The balance between T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) is a new paradigm in asthma pathogenesis, but no therapeutic targets could modulate the Th17/Treg balance specifically for asthma. Since previous studies have shown the programmed cell death-1(PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is critical to immune homeostasis in this disease, we hypothesized that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway might be involved in the regulation of Treg/Th17 imbalance in asthmatic children. Methods: The percentage of Treg and Th17 cells and the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 were detected by flow cytometry in children with asthma and healthy controls. CD4+ T cells were stimulated with Th17 and Treg differentiating factors, and treated with anti-PD-1. Then cells were harvested and measured for Th17 and Treg percentages and Foxp3 and RORγt levels using RT-PCR. Results: We observed an inverse correlation between the percentages of Treg and Th17 cells, and the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the two subsets also changed in the mild persistent and moderate to severe persistent groups compared with healthy controls. In vitro, administration of anti-PD-1 could decrease Th17 percentages and RORγt mRNA, and increase Treg percentages and Foxp3 mRNA in CD4+ T cells of children with asthma in the mild persistent and moderate to persistent groups. Additionally, the role played by anti-PD-1 in regulating Treg/Th17 balance was further confirmed in an asthmatic mouse model. Conclusion: Alteration of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can modulate Treg/Th17 balance in asthmatic children. Treatment with anti-PD-1 posed protective effects on asthma models, providing a novel theoretical target for asthma.
The Effects of a BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bountress Kaitlin E. , Bacanu Silviu-Alin , Tomko Rachel L. , Korte Kristina J. , Hicks Terrell , Sheerin Christina , Lind Mackenzie J. , Marraccini Marisa , Nugent Nicole , Amstadter Ananda B.
Published: June 2018

Objective: Given evidence that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is moderately heritable, a number of studies utilizing candidate gene approaches have attempted to examine the potential contributions of theoretically relevant genetic variation. Some of these studies have found sup port for a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) variant, Val66Met, in the risk of developing PTSD, while others have failed to find this link. Methods: This study sought to reconcile these conflicting findings using a meta-analysis framework. Analyses were also used to determine whether there is significant heterogeneity in the link between this variant and PTSD. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on BDNF and PTSD from the PsycINFO and PubMed databases. A total of 11 studies were included in the analysis. Results: Findings indicate a marginally significant effect of the BDNF Val66Met variant on PTSD (p < 0.1). However, of the 11 studies included, only 2 suggested an effect with a non-zero confidence interval, one of which showed a z score of 3.31. We did not find any evidence for heterogeneity. Conclusions: Findings from this meta-analytic investigation of the published literature provide little support for the Val66Met variant of BDNF as a predictor of PTSD. Future well-powered agnostic genome-wide association studies with more refined phenotyping are needed to clarify genetic influences on PTSD.
Literatura infantil em acesso aberto: análise das vantagens e desafios
Authors: Caldin Clarice Fortkamp , Sena Priscila Machado Borges , Bedin Jéssica
Published: June 2018

Entende-se por Literatura Infantil a narrativa que cativa crianças e instiga o imaginário infantil. Lembra-se que o Movimento de Acesso Aberto, voltado inicialmente para a produção acadêmica, ganha força em outras esferas, entre elas, a produção literária voltada ao público infantil. Objetiva-se neste artigo analisar as vantagens da Literatura Infantil em Acesso Aberto. Procede-se à análise de sites nos idiomas português e espanhol quanto à estrutura, densidade textual, ilustrações, tipos de histórias, indicação de autoria, quantidade de propagandas, facilidade de navegação de textos literários para crianças. Conclui-se que as vantagens do Acesso aberto da literatura infantil são: disponibilização de histórias em domínio público; variedade de formas proporcionadas pelas tecnologias para o formato digital e eletrônico; abrangência de público. Conclui-se ainda, que existem desafios a superar: preocupação com os direitos autorais; elaboração mais atrativa dos textos e das ilustrações nos formatos digitais e eletrônicos; falta de incentivo aos autores para produzirem obras literárias infantis em acesso aberto.
Desafios e possibilidades da atividade mediadora do bibliotecário na normalização de trabalhos acadêmicos: o uso do LaTeX
Authors: Santos Francisco Edvander Pires , Lima Juliana Soares , Rodrigues Ednardo Moreira , Santos Izabel Lima dos , Feitosa Kalline Yasmin Soares
Published: June 2018

O artigo aborda a atuação do bibliotecário frente às novas demandas dos usuários, para as quais se faz necessário conhecer as ferramentas disponíveis, dentre elas o LaTeX. Tem por objetivo apresentar e incentivar o uso do LaTeX por bibliotecários e usuários de bibliotecas universitárias, com a finalidade de compreendê-lo em sua estrutura e enquanto recurso utilizado pela comunidade na produção e normalização de trabalhos acadêmicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de natureza aplicada, caracterizada também como pesquisa-ação, subsidiada pelas seguintes estratégias de coleta de dados: a observação da estrutura de teses e dissertações da área de Física e a realização de testes em softwares de edição em LaTeX. Discorre acerca da importância da participação do bibliotecário na normalização de trabalhos acadêmicos por meio do uso do LaTeX, ao explanar sucintamente as suas funcionalidades na edição de textos complexos e na definição de comandos para citação e referências bibliográficas, com uso do formato BibTeX e do gerenciador de referências JabRef. Apresenta a proposta de um template desenvolvido na plataforma ShareLaTeX, ferramenta online disponível para a edição compartilhada, estruturado em conformidade com as normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ANBT). Destaca, por fim, ser essencial o bibliotecário manter-se atento às novas ferramentas de normalização bibliográfica, sendo apresentada a ferramenta LaTeX como mais um recurso disponível para as bibliotecas universitárias, exigindo do bibliotecário o compromisso em compreender, avaliar e aperfeiçoar as funcionalidades de acordo com as especificidades de cada área do conhecimento.
O fenômeno informacional indígena e o processo de documentação
Authors: Mello Rodrigo Piquet Saboia de
Published: June 2018

O artigo procura refletir as relações existentes entre as informações contidas nos repositórios públicos do Estado brasileiro referentes à temática indígena, as diretrizes que norteiam o trabalho indigenista e outras discussões advindas da Documentação e do processo de autonomia informacional dos povos indígenas. Este processo de criação documental gerou num primeiro momento o poder de controle do Estado para com os povos indígenas, e, posteriormente, o mesmo grupo que havia sido vigiado e controlado pode se apoderar das ferramentas criadas pelo próprio Estado para se empoderarem e lutarem de maneira qualificada para a conquista e manutenção de seus territórios e de suas especificidades culturais.
Nationwide Impact of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guidelines on Stroke Survivors
Authors: Lekoubou Alain , Bishu Kinfe G. , Ovbiagele Bruce
Published: June 2018

Background

In this study, we aimed at estimating the prevalence and number of stroke survivors with hypertension, recommended pharmacological treatment, and above blood pressure target, according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines and the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure guidelines.

Methods and Results

We included participants aged ≥20 years to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 2003 and 2014. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys is a series of publicly available, cross‐sectional, national, stratified, multistage probability surveys. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys received approval from the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board. Stroke was determined by self‐report. Blood pressure was estimated according to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey protocol. Assessment of pharmacological treatment of hypertension was by self‐report. The proportion and number of stroke survivors with hypertension was 49.8% (95% confidence interval [
CI
], 45.4%–54.2%) and 2 361 075 (95%
CI
, 2 035 251–2 686 899) per the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines versus 29.9% (95%
CI
, 26.2%–33.7%) and 1 415 974 (95%
CI
, 1 191 721–1 640 227) per seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure guidelines. Proportion and number of stroke survivors who were not at target blood pressure was 56% (95%
CI
, 51.2%–60.6%) and 1 824 106 (95%
CI
, 1 558 846–2 089 366) per 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines versus 36.3% (95%
CI
, 31.6%–41.4%) and 1 184 655 (95%
CI
, 984 128–1 385 182) per seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure guidelines.

Conclusions

Compared with seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension guidelines would result in a nearly 67% relative increase in the proportion of US stroke survivors diagnosed with hypertension and 54% relative increase in those not within the recommended blood pressure target.
Helicascus alatus (Morosphaeriaceae), a new freshwater species from southwestern China
Authors: ZENG MING , HUANG SHI-KE , HYDE KEVIN D. , ZHAO QI
Published: June 2018

Helicascus alatus sp. nov., is described from submerged wood collected in a river in southwestern China. It is characterized by the unilocular ascomata, bitunicate, pedicellate asci and guttulate ascospores surrounded by wing-like sheath. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on combined LSU, ITS, SSU (r) DNA and TEF1-α sequences data place this species in Morosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales). A description, illustration, phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa for the new taxon are provided.
A multivariate analysis of the Pitcairnia palmeri group (Bromeliaceae: Pitcairnioideae)
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-ROCHA EDITH , CASTILLO-RIVERA MANUEL ARNOLDO , LÓPEZ-FERRARI ANA ROSA , ESPEJO-SERNA ADOLFO
Published: June 2018

A multivariate analysis of the Pitcairnia palmeri group are presented. Principal Components and Cluster analyses were performed in order to have more accurate information to delimit the species. The analyses showed that the specimens referred to Pitcairnia palmeri var. longebracteata are clearly delimited, while those identified as P. palmeri var. palmeri, P. colimensis, and P. compostelae have a greater overlap of morphological characters, but remain as separate entities. A discriminant analysis showed that morphological characters used have significant multivariate differences between the taxa (P < 0.0005), and that the most important variables in the differentiation of these taxa are the percentage of floral bracts that exceeds the length of the sepals, the length of the floral bracts, and the length of the peduncle. We conclude that P. palmeri var. longebracteata is clearly a different species, not a variety, therefore is described and illustrated as P. robert-downsii, and that P. palmeri, P. compostelae and P. colimensis maintain their taxonomic status.
Validation of the name Heliotropium shirazicum (Heliotropiaceae)
Authors: NEGARESH KAZEM
Published: June 2018

During the taxonomic revision of the genus Heliotropium Linnaeus (1753: 130) from Fars Province, S Iran, I came across few interesting specimens from the Bakhtegan Lake in Chahrig, Kharame. Critical studies with relevant literature revealed the identity of the collected specimens as Heliotropium shirazicum Mozaffarian (2006: 109). Unfortunately the name Heliotropium shirazicum was not validly published by Mozaffarian (2006), because, contrary to Art. 40 of ICN (McNeill et al. 2012), two specimens were indicated as “holotype”. Therefore, the name Heliotropium shirazicum is validated here by indicating a single specimen as the holotype.
Mites of the family Parasitidae Oudemans, 1901 (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Japan: a new species of Vulgarogamasus Tichomirov, 1969, and a key to Japanese species
Authors: NEGM MOHAMED W. , GOTOH TETSUO
Published: June 2018

Vulgarogamasus edurus sp. nov. (Acari: Parasitidae) is described based on females, deutonymphs and males extracted from leaf litter and soil in Ami, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Morphological differences between the new species and its closely related species, Vulgarogamasus fujisanus (Ishikawa, 1972), are recorded based on the examination of type materials. Information about parasitid mites reported in Japanese literature is reviewed, and a key to species is provided.
Taxonomic study on the Chinese Steninae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), with descriptions of three new species of the Genus Stenus Latreille
Authors: LV WEI-XIANG , ZHAO CAI-YUN , ZHOU HONG-ZHANG
Published: June 2018

This is a taxonomic study on the genus Stenus Latreille (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from China and includes descriptions of three new species: Stenus renjiafenicus Lv et Zhou, sp. nov., from Yunnan, Stenus longchishanicus Lv et Zhou, sp. nov., from Sichuan, and Stenus napoensis Lv et Zhou, sp. nov., from Guangxi, with illustrations and photos of the taxonomic characters. A latest key to all Chinese species of Stenus tenuimargo group is modified to include the new species. The following 4 Stenus species, S. feae Fauvel, 1895, S. claritarsis Puthz, 1971 S. malickyi Puthz, 2008, and S. iustus Puthz, 1976 are newly recorded to China and are redescribed, with illustrations and photos of the taxonomic characters.
Discovery of the spider wasp genus Sphictostethus Kohl, 1884 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae) in New Guinea, with description of two new species
Authors: LOKTIONOV VALERY M. , LELEJ ARKADY S.
Published: June 2018

Two new species of the genus Sphictostethus Kohl, 1884 are described and illustrated from New Guinea (Indonesia: West Papua). Both species, S. papua Loktionov & Lelej, sp. nov. and S. arfak Loktionov & Lelej, sp. nov. differ from congeners by their peculiar head and clypeus shape, the presence of tubercles on the mesopleuron and propodeum, and the well-developed metasomal petiole. The genus Sphictostethus is newly recorded from New Guinea as a new northernmost border for their distribution within the Australian Region. An addition to the key of Australian species is given.
Genera of Mythicomyiidae (Insecta, Diptera) new to the fauna of Morocco, with descriptions of new species
Authors: EVENHUIS NEAL L. , KETTANI KAWTAR
Published: June 2018

Three genera of Mythicomyiidae are newly recorded from Morocco: Glabellula, Mythenteles, and Leylaiya. A total of 8 species of Mythicomyiidae are currently known from the country; of those, 3 new species are described and illustrated: Glabellula maroccana Evenhuis & Kettani, n. sp.; Mythenteles signifera Evenhuis & Kettani, n. sp. and Leylaiya pellea Evenhuis & Kettani, n. sp. A key to the genera of Mythicomyiidae in Morocco is presented.
Use of Cool Roofs and Vegetation to Mitigate Urban Heat and Improve Human Thermal Stress in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Jacobs Stephanie J. , Gallant Ailie J. E. , Tapper Nigel J. , Li Dan
Published: June 2018

The ability of cool roofs and vegetation to reduce urban temperatures and improve human thermal stress during heat wave conditions is investigated for the city of Melbourne, Australia. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled to the Princeton Urban Canopy Model is employed to simulate 11 scenarios of cool roof uptake across the city, increased vegetation cover across the city, and a combination of these strategies. Cool roofs reduce urban temperatures during the day, and, if they are installed across enough rooftops, their cooling effect extends to the night. In contrast, increasing vegetation coverage reduces nighttime temperatures but results in minimal cooling during the hottest part of the day. The combination of cool roofs and increased vegetation scenarios creates the largest reduction in temperature throughout the heat wave, although the relationship between the combination scenarios is nonsynergistic. This means that the cooling occurring from the combination of both strategies is either larger or smaller than if the cooling from individual strategies were to be added together. The drier, lower-density western suburbs of Melbourne showed a greater cooling response to increased vegetation without enhancing human thermal stress due to the corresponding increase in humidity. The leafy medium-density eastern suburbs of Melbourne showed a greater cooling response to the installation of cool roofs. These results highlight that the optimal urban cooling strategies can be different across a single urban center.
ESOP Plus Benefit Corporation: Ownership Culture with Benefit Accountability
Authors: Kurland Nancy
Published: June 2018

Stakeholder capitalism seeks to benefit multiple stakeholders, rather than primarily shareholders. Two increasingly popular forms are the employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) and the benefit corporation. But what happens when a company combines these structures? While the benefit corporation’s expanded stakeholder mandate may appear to come at the expense of employee-owner wealth and the potential for shared power, in fact they can complement one another. Being a benefit corporation can strengthen the employee-owned company’s ownership culture through enhanced engagement and creation of a meaningful work environment. And in turn, employee owners can add a layer of accountability to help them meet the benefit corporation’s expanded stakeholder mandate.
Frequency of Parent-Adolescent Alcohol-Specific Communication and Adolescent Perceptions of Alcohol
Authors: Brittner Mindy R. , Pugh Brandie , Soren Karen , Richter Linda , Stockwell Melissa S.
Published: June 2018

To better understand the optimal frequency of parent-adolescent alcohol-specific communication, we conducted a secondary analysis of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse Culture of High School Survey, a 2010 nationally representative online survey of 1000 high school students. Logistic regression models assessed the relationship between alcohol-specific communication and adolescent perceptions ( binge drinking is very dangerous, drinking is cool, and getting drunk is very dangerous), adjusting for grade, sex, race, personal and peer alcohol use, and parental monitoring. Among adolescents reporting personal and peer alcohol use, a dose-response relationship existed between frequency of alcohol-specific communication and thinking binge drinking is very dangerous (often [adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.98-21.36], sometimes (AOR = 6.08; 95% CI = 2.36-15.69), rarely (AOR = 5.27; 95% CI = 1.95-14.26) vs never), and was also associated with decreased perceptions that drinking is cool (often [AOR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.08-0.66), rarely vs never [AOR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.06-0.51]); the inverse was true for never-drinkers without peer use.
Giusti son due e non vi sono intesi
Authors: Di Fonzo Claudia
Published: June 2018

L'articolo propone una ipotesi di lettura di un luogo disputato della Commedia (S'alcun v'è giusto… giusti son due ma non sono intesi) di Inferno VI, recuperando lo spessore dell'evocazione dantesca alla luce della autorità biblica (nel Nuovo Testamento l'unico giusto possibile è Gesù) e alla luce della filosofia politica e giuridica medievale (nel commento di Tommaso all'Etica Nicomachea di Aristotele il giusto politico discende dalla giustizia ed è declinato nei due giusti: quello naturale e quello legale. Nel proporre tale lettura si evidenzia come la tradizione di commento antica alla Commedia non sia sempre recettiva del portato dantesco, ma rappresenti piuttosto il filtro che presiede alla generazione di una interpretazione canonica del testo di Dante, come già ha osservato Baranski.

et quello huomo ch'è privato del sentimento, maggiormente è privato dello intellecto et cognitione spirituale.

(L'ultima forma dell'Ottimo, Par. x, Proemio)
Rural parents’ beliefs about healthy eating
Authors: McDonald Andrea E , Dawkins-Moultin Lenna , McWhinney Sharon L
Published: June 2018

Objectives:

This study explored US rural parents’ perceived facilitators, challenges and motivators to healthy eating.

Methods:

Qualitative and purposive sampling was used to recruit one hundred ( N = 100) parents of children enrolled in the fourth grade to participate in a series of focus group sessions. Eligibility criteria included being the head of the household and having a child enrolled in the fourth grade. Parents were questioned about factors impacting everyday lifestyle practices such as nutrition knowledge and eating habits. Data were analysed using grounded theory and constant comparative method.

Results:

Twelve focus groups sessions were conducted with parents who self-identified as African American (63%), Hispanic (25%) and Caucasian 2%. The majority (52%) of participants indicated they only had some high school education. Healthy eating among parents was highly dependent on socioeconomic status, time, availability and access to foods. Facilitators to healthy eating were school lunch programmes, nutrition education and family preferences. Findings demonstrate that parents tried to eat meals at home, but many factors (fear of genetically modified foods, money and time) prevented healthy eating and food preparation. Parents who consumed or prepared meals at home did so because of family influence and the fear of being unhealthy.

Conclusion and implications:

This study provides an in-depth understanding of rural parents’ efforts to promote healthy eating at home regardless of socioeconomic challenges.
My Shot: Inspiration for Organization Development From Hamilton: An American Musical
Authors: Meyer Lisa M.
Published: June 2018

How can organization development be more innovative? In what ways can organization development professionals do more inspired work? Using inspiration provided by Hamilton: An American Musical, this essay explores connections between Alexander Hamilton, the founding father of American Democracy, and Kurt Lewin, the founding father of organization development. These connections are then examined for insight into ways of sustaining energy and relevance in organization development over time and across successive generations.
Spatial structure and labour productivity: Evidence from prefectures in China
Authors: Li Wan , Sun Bindong , Zhang Tinglin
Published: June 2018

This paper examines the effect of spatial structure, as measured on the monocentricity–polycentricity dimension, on labour productivity at the prefectural level in China. Using pooled cross-sectional and instrumental variable techniques, we find that, all else being equal, prefectures with a more monocentric spatial structure have a higher labour productivity, robust to different specifications. Furthermore, large agglomeration economies may fuel the beneficial effects of monocentricity. We conclude that, in terms of economic performance, monocentric-oriented spatial strategy could be a better choice for Chinese prefecture-scale regions.
Factor analysis for fairness: Examining the impact of task type and examinee L1 background on scores of an ITA speaking test
Authors: Yan Xun , Cheng Lixia , Ginther April
Published: June 2018

This study investigated the construct validity of a local speaking test for international teaching assistants (ITAs) from a fairness perspective, by employing a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the impact of task type and examinee first language (L1) background on the internal structure of the test. The test consists of three types of integrated speaking tasks (i.e., text-speaking, graph-speaking, and listening-speaking) and the three L1s that are most represented among the examinees are Mandarin, Hindi, and Korean. Using scores of 1804 examinees across three years, the CFA indicated a two-factor model with a general speaking factor and a listening task factor as the best-fitting internal structure for the test. The factor structure was invariant for examinees across academic disciplines and L1 backgrounds, although the three examinee L1 groups demonstrated different factor variances and factor means. Specifically, while Korean examinees showed a larger variance in oral English proficiency, Hindi examinees demonstrated a higher level of oral proficiency than did Mandarin and Korean examinees. Overall, the lack of significance for multiple task factors and the invariance of factor structure suggest that the test measures the same set of oral English skills for all examinees. Although the factor variances and factor means for oral proficiency differed across examinee L1 subgroups, they reflect the general oral proficiency profiles of English speakers from these selected L1 backgrounds in the university and therefore do not pose serious threats to the fairness of the test. Findings of this study have useful implications for fairness investigations on ITA speaking tests.
Quantitative assessment of local perfusion change in acute intracerebral hemorrhage areas with and without “dynamic spot sign” using CT perfusion imaging
Authors: Fu Fan , Sui Binbin , Liu Liping , Su Yaping , Sun Shengjun , Li Yingying
Published: June 2018

Background

Positive “dynamic spot sign” has been proven to be a potential risk factor for acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) expansion, but local perfusion change has not been quantitatively investigated.

Purpose

To quantitatively evaluate perfusion changes at the ICH area using computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging.

Material and Methods

Fifty-three patients with spontaneous ICH were recruited. Unenhanced computed tomography (NCCT), CTP within 6 h, and follow-up NCCT were performed for 21 patients in the “spot sign”-positive group and 32 patients in the control group. Cerebral perfusion change was quantitatively measured on regional cerebral blood flow/regional cerebral blood volume (rCBF/rCBV) maps. Regions of interest (ROIs) were set at the “spot-sign” region and the whole hematoma area for “spot-sign”-positive cases, and at one of the highest values of three interested areas and the whole hematoma area for the control group. Hematoma expansion was determined by follow-up NCCT.

Results

For the “spot-sign”-positive group, the average rCBF (rCBV) values at the “spot-sign” region and the whole hematoma area were 21.34 ± 15.24 mL/min/100 g (21.64 ± 21.48 mL/100g) and 5.78 ± 6.32 mL/min/100 g (6.07 ± 5.45 mL/100g); for the control group, the average rCBF (rCBV) values at the interested area and whole hematoma area were 2.50 ± 1.83 mL/min/100 g (3.13 ± 1.96 mL/100g) and 3.02 ± 1.80 mL/min/100 g (3.40 ± 1.44 mL/100g), respectively. Average rCBF and rCBV values of the “spot-sign” region were significantly different from other regions ( P < 0.001; P = 0.004). The average volumes of hematoma expansion in the “spot-sign”-positive and control groups were 25.24 ± 19.38 mL and −0.41 ± 1.34 mL, respectively.

Conclusion

The higher perfusion change at ICH on CTP images may reflect the contrast extravasation and be associated with the hematoma expansion.
The role of racial bias in exclusionary zoning: The case of Durham, North Carolina, 1945–2014
Authors: Whittemore Andrew H
Published: June 2018

This paper investigates the distribution of and motivations for zoning decisions that decreased allowed residential density or prevented denser residential development in urbanized portions of Durham, North Carolina, from 1945 through 2014. It presents quantitative evidence that prior to 1985, racial demographics offer a better explanation for the distribution of these potentially exclusionary decisions than median incomes or homeownership rates. This finding is substantiated by qualitative evidence from plans, records of public hearings, and other primary materials pertinent to zoning decisions affecting residential land use. The paper secondly presents evidence that since 1985, the city has made residential zoning decisions that have collectively entailed less dissimilar treatment of areas of different racial characteristics, and suggests reasons for this shift based on further research of primary materials. These findings inform us of the role of racial bias in zoning beyond the era of explicit racial zoning in the early 20th-century.
Two Ways to Facial Expression Recognition? Motor and Visual Information Have Different Effects on Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: de la Rosa Stephan , Fademrecht Laura , Bülthoff Heinrich H. , Giese Martin A. , Curio Cristóbal
Published: June 2018

Motor-based theories of facial expression recognition propose that the visual perception of facial expression is aided by sensorimotor processes that are also used for the production of the same expression. Accordingly, sensorimotor and visual processes should provide congruent emotional information about a facial expression. Here, we report evidence that challenges this view. Specifically, the repeated execution of facial expressions has the opposite effect on the recognition of a subsequent facial expression than the repeated viewing of facial expressions. Moreover, the findings of the motor condition, but not of the visual condition, were correlated with a nonsensory condition in which participants imagined an emotional situation. These results can be well accounted for by the idea that facial expression recognition is not always mediated by motor processes but can also be recognized on visual information alone.
A fault detection optimization method based on chaos adaptive artificial fish swarm algorithm on distributed control system
Authors: Li Teng-Hui , Xie Shou-Sheng , Liu Sheng-Ping , Xiao Lei , Jia Wei-Zhou , He Da-Wei
Published: June 2018

For the purpose of improving fault detection accuracy of aero-engine distributed control system, an optimal design method based on chaos adaptive artificial fish swarm algorithm for distributed control system fault detection observer was proposed. First, in order to better simulate the actual distributed control system, dual channel multiple packet transmission was converted to switching system and short time-varying delay was modeled as an uncertainty in system models. Then, a fault observer is designed to obtain the state-space model of error system and the chaos adaptive artificial fish swarm algorithm is introduced. Furthermore, the ratio value of the residual signal transfer function, respectively, to the unknown disturbance signal and fault signal, are regarded as the objective function, and the minimum of the objective function is optimized to get the optimal observer matrix by chaos adaptive artificial fish swarm algorithm with the constraint of error system stability. Finally, the structure and operating principle of aero-engine distributed control system semi-physical platform is introduced, and comparison is made between the simulation of fault detection optimization method and the tradition robust fault detection method on the platform. The simulation results verify that the proposed method can efficiently reduce fault positive ratio and fault negative ratio simultaneously, which can expand the selection scope of threshold value and improve accuracy of fault detection.
Composite adaptive force tracking control for electro-hydraulic system without persistent excitation condition
Authors: Guo Qinyang , Shi Guanglin , He Changyu , Wang Dongmei
Published: June 2018

In this article, a composite adaptive control method without persistent excitation condition is proposed to improve force tracking performance of an electro-hydraulic loading system. Due to structure restriction, the force sensor cannot be installed and associated force signals are unable to be obtained by the control hardware. Thus, a composite adaptive control method is designed to estimate the unknown spring stiffness and friction coefficient of the electro-hydraulic loading system. Simultaneously, a modified prediction error is designed to relax the stringent persistent excitation condition of the conventional adaptive method. Then the position trajectory of the cylinder could be optimized by using the estimated stiffness to achieve accuracy loading for the specimen. Furthermore, first-order filters are utilized to produce certain virtual controllers and their derivatives to avoid analytic calculation. At last, the stability analysis of the closed-loop system is given, and the comparative experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed control method.