bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of tank mixes usage to protect sweet corn from pests
Authors: Khanieva I. M , Shibzukhov Z. -G.S , Kashukoev M. V , Magomedov K. G , Boziev A. L
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of a study to identify the effectiveness of the use of Aktofit, Lepidocid, Aktara, Aktellik, Admiral and their tank mixtures against cotton budworm in the foothill zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Sweet corn is a vegetable crop that is the most demanding on growing conditions and requires attention to itself. It is especially important to obtain high-quality sweet corn cobs. The yield and quality indicators of sweet corn cobs are significantly affected by such pests: meadow moth, stalk moth, cotton budworm, aphids, swedish fly, chickweed. The most dangerous among them is the cotton budworm, it is difficult to deal with it. The period of formation of butterflies is more than a month, during which time several generations appear. The cotton bollworm causes irreparable damage if no measures are taken to protect the cobs. The usage of different treatment schemes affected not only the number of the pest, but also the damage to the cobs, taking into account the lateral damage to the cobs. When selling cobs with upper damage, it is possible to cut off the damaged part and present it as a marketable one, and in case of lateral damage, the entire cob is rejected. Having carried out chemical and biological treatments, the number of lateral damaged cobs was noticeably reduced. This is due to the fact that the number of individuals decreased sharply and did not have time to breed on the sides of the cobs. It was found that without the use of treatments, the length of damage to the cobs reached 3.5 cm. In the variants with the Aktara + Admiral tank mixture, the length of damage to the cobs was 1.3 cm, and ac Aktara + Aktellik - 1.5 cm. Thus, the best treatment scheme was determined: 1. Aktara + Actellik (0.1+0.5 l/ha); 2. Aktara + Admiral, (0.1+0.5 l/ha), which had the lowest indicators: the number of damaged ears, the length of the damage and the number of ears with lateral damage, as well as the percentage of marketable yield was higher.
Current situation of crop production branch of Khabarovskiy Kray
Authors: Aseeva T. A , Sinegovsky M. O
Published: April 2024

The paper analyzes the level and current state of crop production and the main agricultural crops of the Khabarovsk Territory, considers the current trends and patterns of development. It has been revealed that the share of agricultural products of the region in the gross regional product is at the level of 2%, while half of the contribution to the region's agriculture is made by crop production with a production volume of 9.48 billion rubles per year. Arable land area of the Khabarovsk Territory for the period 2017-2021 varied from 55.4 thousand ha to 68.6 thousand ha. Soybean can be considered the main agricultural crop of the region in terms of area. The soybean yield in the region has increased by 35% over the past 5 years and amounted to 1.55 t/ha in 2021. Under its crops, more than half of the total area of the region is occupied annually. Also, the article shows the state of technical equipment of the agriculture of the region and the pace of its renewal, indicating a positive pace of renewal of the machine and tractor fleet of the Khabarovsk Territory.
Papirovka tetraploid is a source for summer triploid apple trees creation
Authors: Yanchuk T. V , Sedov E. N , Korneeva S. A , Veprintseva M. V
Published: April 2024

Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) is the oldest breeding and pomological institution of Russia and one of the main suppliers of new apple cultivars in Central Russia. To date, the Institute has created and included in the State Register 56 apple cultivars of different maturation periods for the conditions of the Middle zone of Russia. In addition, our Institute took part in the creation of a number of cultivars for the North Caucasus. We have numerously drawn attention to the value of apple varieties of folk selection in creating adaptive, competitive cultivars. In this paper we tried to show the role of the tetraploid form of Papirovka of folk selection in the creation of new summer triploid cultivars with more regular fruiting and more marketable fruits. 20 cultivars have been created with the participation of the varieties of folk selection, including six cultivars with the participation of Antonovka Krasnobochka: Zarianka, Orlovsky Pioner, Pamyat Isaeva, Patriot, Svezhest and Slavyanin; five cultivars with the participation of tetraploid Papirovka: Avgusta, Dariona, Maslovskoye, Osipovskoye and Yablochny Spas; five cultivars with the participation of folk variety Antonovka Obyknovennaya widely distributed in the central part of Russia: Zdorovie, Imrus, Morozovskoye, Orlovim and Pamyat Voinu; three cultivars with the participation of Skryzhapel: Bolotovskoye, Vavilovskoye and Nizkorosloye; Ranneye Aloye with the participation of Papirovka (diploid). Of particular interest, in our opinion, are the summer triploid cultivars obtained with the participation of the variety of folk selection Papirovka tetraploid.
Field and laboratory investigations of clonal rootstocks in South Cisbaikal
Authors: Rachenko M. A , Rachenko A. M , Kiseleva E. N
Published: April 2024

The study of the possibility of using low-growing clonal rootstocks in the conditions of the South Сisbaikal, the territory most suitable for horticulture in the Irkutsk region, was the goal of this work. The studies were carried out in 2017-2022 on experimental plots, which are located in the Irkutsk district of the Irkutsk region and on the territory of SIPPB SB RAS (Irkutsk). Assembled collection was included: six varieties of clonal rootstocks bred by MichGAU (62-396, 54-118, 70-20-20, 70-6-8, 64-143, 62-223), stock bred by A.P. Apoyan (Armenian RIVWFG) (Arm18), rootstock of Estonian selection (E56), eight rootstocks of Orenburg ESHV selection (Ural, Ural2, Ural5, 18-7, B-3-4, 4-12, 8-2, OB), rootstock Crimean OSH (K-2). The conducted field observations allow us to state that clonal rootstocks can be used in horticulture in the South Сisbaikal. We found out that of all the studied clonal rootstocks, the rootstocks of the Ural selection Ural and Ural 2 and the rootstock of the Estonian selection E-56 showed high winter hardiness. We attributed clonal rootstocks 70-6-8, Arm18, K-2 to low winter-hardiness. The rest of the rootstocks over the years of research showed an average winter hardiness. The results of laboratory studies confirmed the high winter hardiness of E-56. The study of cultivar-rootstock combinations showed good compatibility of clonal rootstocks with semi-cultivated apple trees: strong fusion of the rootstock with the scion, active growth, well-developed leaf apparatus, the absence of any signs of starvation and discoloration. It has been statistically proven that the variety and type of rootstock affect the degree of temperature damage to the fruit tree. Highly winter-hardy clonal rootstocks and medium-hardy clonal rootstocks with high regenerative capacity were selected as promising for breeding.
Influence of agromelioration and drainage methods on the field crops productivity
Authors: Mitrofanov Yu. I , Gulyaev M. V , Pervushina N. K
Published: April 2024

The effectiveness of ameliorative strip loosening to a depth of 50-60 cm and volumetric soil slotting to 45-50 cm, their influence on the productivity of field crops and agrophysical properties of drained soils with different ameliorative systems (interdrainage distance of 18 and 28 m) was studied. The experiment was carried out in the period 2015-2021. at the Gubino agricultural polygon of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (Tver Region). The soil is soddy-podzolic cultivated light loamy gleyic, drained by closed pottery drainage, formed on a moraine. Volumetric slotting was carried out with a specially designed tool with filling the subarable part of the slot with crushed straw and plant residues mixed with a humus layer. Ameliorative loosening (MR) was carried out with a converted chisel plow. The pitch of slotting and MP is 140 cm. According to the generalized data, the best results on both drainage systems were obtained in the variant with volume slotting. Ameliorative loosening increased the yield of grain crops, on average over 5 years, by 0.60 t/ha (17.0%) and 0.79 t/ha (20.7%), slotting by 0.90 and 1.02 t/ha ha (25.6 and 26.7%), respectively. Additional grain harvest for the five-year period of MR action on the estimated drainage was 3.0, on sparse - 3.95 t/ha, and with volumetric slotting of the soil - 4.5 and 5.1 t/ha, respectively. On spring rapeseed, the best results were also obtained in the variant with sparse drainage and volumetric slotting of the soil. The increase in the yield of green mass in this variant, on average over 3 years, amounted to 3.6 t/ha of green mass, or 19.0%. It has been established that on soddy-podzolic light loamy gleyic soils with an atmospheric type of water supply, when designing ameliorative systems for field crop rotations, it is possible to use drainage systems with extended, compared to the calculated, interdrainage distances, which helps to reduce the cost of drainage. The use of land reclamation techniques increases the efficiency of sparse drainage.
Research of the combined sowing working body
Authors: Radnaev D. N , Tsybikov B. B , Badmatsyrenov D. -Ts.B
Published: April 2024

Today, the issues of ecology, resource conservation and reduction of production costs in agriculture are associated with the development of combined tillage - sowing machines, which make it possible to reduce a number of technological techniques. Taking into account these factors makes it possible to equip agricultural enterprises with means of mechanization adapted to the specific conditions of their production use. Therefore, a promising direction is the development of universal and combined machines, that is, technical means of mechanization capable of performing several technological operations in one working cycle or, after relatively simple retrofits, ensuring the consistent execution of a number of operations. To carry out experimental studies, an installation was developed and manufactured, which is a combined machine that provides pre-sowing tillage, strip spreading sowing, mineral fertilizers and post-sowing rolling. Using the experimental planning method, mathematical models have been developed that link factors such as the speed of the unit, the angle of attack of the coulter's paw, the depth of the coulter's paw when optimizing the degree of soil crumbling, pruning of weeds, changes in soil hardness. Analysis of mathematical models shows that factors in a certain way affect the quality of tillage (crumbling, hardness, pruning of plants). In the first place in terms of significant importance is the speed of movement. The degree of pruning of plants depends on the angle of attack. As for the depth of processing, this factor has practically no effect on the degree of pruning of weeds. This can be explained by the fact that the root system is located at a shallow depth. For other cultures, this factor may play a significant role.
Transformation of soil and plant pastures cover of light chestnut soils in to sandy soils of kochubey biosphere station
Authors: Babaeva M. A , Osipova S. V
Published: April 2024

The transformation of the vegetation cover of pasture landscapes is the result of the interaction of climatic, ecological, physiological and anthropogenic environmental factors. The result of the dependence of the conservation of species in the vegetation cover, especially forage plants, on the influence of these factors and the determination of their variability and stability in pasture ecosystem communities is relevant for production and science. As a result of a long-term study (more than 10 years) of the soil and vegetation cover of pasture landscapes on different soils and sands of the Kochubey Biosphere Station (KBS), especially under the conditions of anthropogenic impact, it was revealed that weeds adapt well to new conditions, stable populations of non-forage plants are created, causing deflation and degradation. The floristic composition and ecological and coenotic characteristics of the dominant plant species were studied on light chestnut sandy loamy soils and sands. The rapid change of indigenous species of plant communities formed in the conditions of a continental climate indicates a high mobility of vegetation. The species diversity and occurrence of plant species characterize the qualitative difference between the compared soils (light chestnut, sandy loam and sand). The described syntaxa reflect the directions of natural and anthropogenic transformation of the vegetation of light chestnut soils and sandy massifs of the KBS, which are characterized by a change in the composition of the prevailing life forms, a decrease in the role of valuable forage plant species and an increase in the diversity of annual non-forage species, without changing their species diversity. The landscape dynamics of the KBS territory is expressed in the transformation of the relief and vegetation cover under the influence of eolian processes with an increase in the projective cover and overgrowth of mobile landforms of sand massifs.
Range and behavior of the Russian grain subcomplex center in 2000-2020
Authors: Rakhaev Kh. M , Bakkuev E. S , Eneeva M. N , Toguzaev T. Kh , Ivanova Z. M
Published: April 2024

In the 2000s, a new model of the agrarian economy was formed in the country, in which large agricultural holdings, collective and private peasant farms were organically integrated, united by powerful state support and state regulation. This model has manifested itself to the greatest extent in the functioning of the grain subcomplex: the growth of acreage and yield of grain crops, increasing soil fertility, the formation of new logistics and communication corridors, value chains, ultimately providing the country with a leading position among grain-producing countries, making this subcomplex import-independent. Like any agricultural object, the grain subcomplex has a spatial character. At the same time, its space is heterogeneous and not static; the zones of high and low activity are constantly changing, their areas are shifting, affecting the overall dynamics of the entire subcomplex. The goal - determine the location of the center of the grain subcomplex of Russia and calculate the impact of its changes on the dynamics of gross grain harvest. Methods - centrographic, correlation, graphical, as well as descriptive. Scientific novelty - clarification has been made to the existing methodology of the influence of the geographical factor on the dynamics of agriculture, in which the concept of geographical center has been introduced. The methodological innovation is tested on the example of the grain subcomplex of Russia. Results - the area of the grain wedge of the country was determined, its geographical center was calculated, its time shifts in the north-south and east-west directions were revealed, the changes in the center of the sown areas of grain crops on the gross grain harvest were quantified, it was revealed that the shift of the center of the sown areas in the south-west direction gives a greater increase in the gross grain harvest, than in the north-east, the causes and nature (cyclicity) of these increases (shocks) have been clarified, which together will allow for the regulation of the directions of development of the complex in the direction of the greatest efficiency.
Productivity dynamics of steppe landscapes of piedmont Dagestan
Authors: Dzhalalova M. I
Published: April 2024

Modern low-mountain-foothill landscapes, as a result of human economic activity, have undergone significant changes in spatial differentiation under the influence of the anthropogenic factor, which is expressed in the depletion of biological resources and the decrease in biodiversity. An analysis of the monitoring of the state of the vegetation cover of the natural environment of landscapes in the foothills of Dagestan was carried out. An up-to-date description of the selected plant communities is given, the main types of vegetation are characterized. The features of the distribution of these communities in the natural and climatic zones of the foothills of Dagestan are described, where the northern region is cooler and more humid, and the southern region is warmer and less humid. The areas of various plant groups have been established. The purpose of the study was to determine the current state of foothill Dagestan, the productivity of steppe landscapes. The predominance of desert vegetation with a certain proportion of meadow vegetation is shown in the lowland part. It is noted that desert, forest and steppe vegetation is developed in the foothills. The dynamics of the productivity of the steppe communities of the foothill zone of Dagestan during the growing season has been determined. The study of the dynamics of productivity was carried out on 5 model plots, which differed in the type of vegetation and in the degree of influence of the anthropogenic factor (grazing). The studied sites were located in Buynaksky, Magaramkentsky (Gaptsakh village), Tabasaransky district (Kar-Kar) and Kumtorkalinsky districts. The studied phytocenoses of the steppe landscapes are formed mainly by dry-steppe grass species with the participation of feather grass, forbs and ephemera, as well as by a semi-desert semi-shrub - Tauride wormwood. Thus, it was noted that wormwood-cereal and wormwood-feather grass communities in Tabasaransky (village Maraga) and Buynaksky (village Gelli) give the highest productivity. The lowest productivity was noted in the valley of the region (Kar-Kar) on meadow solonchak soil covered with wormwood-saltwort vegetation.
Study of elite forms of kamchatka honeysuckle (Lonicera kamtschatika) to create a variety with a high level of economically valuable traits
Authors: Petrusha E. N , Rusakova E. A
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of the primary variety study of elite forms of Kamchatka honeysuckle for the period 2019-2022. Breeding in the Kamchatka region is built on the search and accumulation of sources of genetically valuable wild forms of Kamchatka honeysuckle (Lonicera kamtschatika), as well as the improvement of source material for creating new varieties with high parameters of characteristics: winter-hardy, with different maturation periods, early-fruiting, productive, large-fruited, dessert taste. The purpose of our research was to create promising elite forms of honeysuckle - candidates for varieties with more breeding-valuable economically valuable traits for introduction into amateur horticulture in Kamchatka region. The following tasks were solved by the method of analytical breeding: to identify the regularities of the phenological phases of development and biological features of wild-growing forms of honeysuckle; to study the source material according to the characteristics: winter hardiness, general condition, early fruitfulness, yield; to evaluate the taste, biochemical parameters and weight of berries; to select the best forms for creating new varieties with a complex of valuable properties. The studies made it possible to identify the most significant and valuable elite forms from the genetic resources of wild-growing forms of Kamchatka honeysuckle - varieties that will optimize the regional assortment, and their valuable features will ensure an increase in the efficiency of the breeding process. The selected promising elite forms 1-5 (conditional name of the variety - Malka), 1-20 (conditional name of the variety - Vilyuyka), 31-35 (conditional name of the variety - Ganalochka) are candidates for cultivars and are characterized by a high degree of winter hardiness, early and medium early maturity, productivity exceeding the standard by 31.6, 38.8, 18.4%, large (1.1-1.3 g), with a pleasant dessert taste, attractive berries with various shapes, a slight dry separation without tearing the skin, with a content of sugars from 8.5 to 7.2%, ascorbic acid from 46.09 to 50.85 mg%, dry matter from 14.4 to 15.3%, acidity from 1.8 to 2.1%.
The usage of silicon-humic preparations in the potato cultivation
Authors: Smirnova Yu. D , Fomicheva N. V , Kashkova A. A
Published: April 2024

One of the ways to increase crop yields is the use of foliar treatments with humic preparations. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of silica-humic preparations on the yield of potatoes and changes in soil characteristics. In the experiment, the effect of the humic preparation BoGum and the silicic-humic preparations BoGum-S and nanoBoGum-S obtained on its basis on the yield of potatoes of the Skarb variety and the agrochemical parameters of the soil was studied. The experiment was carried out on soddy-podzolic soil in 2020-2022. at the Gubino VNIIMZ agricultural polygon in the Tver region. The preparations were used for the treatment of tubers and double foliar feeding of vegetative potato plants. Background - mineral fertilizers (N65P65K65). It was shown that all preparations contributed to the increase in the yield of potato tubers, mainly due to an increase in the mass of marketable tubers. The increase in potato yield from the use of BoGum and BoGum-S was almost the same and averaged 4.5% over three years, the use of nanosized nanoBoGum-S gave an increase of 10.6%. The years of research were distinguished by unfavorable weather conditions (2020 - excessively humid, 2021 - dry, 2022 - slightly dry). The increase in potato yield showed that the preparations reduced the impact of unfavorable abiotic factors. In the flowering phase of potatoes, a decrease in the content of monosilicic acids and an increase in polysilicic acids in the soil were noted in the variants with the use of silicic preparations compared with the control. In addition, when using all preparations, the accumulation of mobile phosphorus in the soil was observed on average by 9-19 mg/kg of soil.
Analysis of allelic variants in genes associated with meat productivity in regionalized small cattle breeds
Authors: Ozdemirov A. A , Akaeva R. A , Alieva E. M , Guseinova Z. M , Daveteeva M. A
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the research was to study the polymorphism of allelic variants of genes associated with high meat productivity for further selection of parental pairs using genetic methods. Genotyping of the Dagestan mountain sheep breeds (broodstock and rams) was carried out using a polymerase chain reaction. Genotyping was carried out for the following genes: CAST, GH, GDF9 on a Tertsik thermal cycler. Analysis of the results of PCR carried out with samples of sires of the Dagestan rock breed indicates that the GH gene polymorphism is represented by the A allele, with a high (0.87) and allele B, with a low (0.13) frequency of occurrence. The GDF9 gene polymorphism is represented by the GDF9G allele with a high (0.82) and the GDF9A allele with a low (0.18) frequency of occurrence. The distribution of homozygous genotype GHAA and heterozygous GHAB reached 84% and 16%, respectively. At the same time, the homozygous GHBB* genotype was absent in the studied sample. As a result of the research, new knowledge was obtained on biodiversity and forms of associations of polymorphism of the genes calpastatin, somatotropin, differential growth factor; breed-specific, population-specific features of the allelic spectrum of the CAST, GH, GDF9 genes in sheep of the Dagestan mountain sheep breed were established.
Soybean it is the crop of world farming
Authors: Sinegovsky M. O
Published: April 2024

The research paper is devoted to assessing the state of soybean production in the world and its role in modern agriculture. An analysis of the dynamics of the development of the soy industry over the past 50 years, as well as a more detailed analysis of the last five years of cultivation of this crop in the world, is given. The research paper presents data on the area of cultivation, yield, gross production volumes, as well as the scale of soybean processing. It also reflects the volume of world trade of soybeans and its main players.
Productivity of crop rotations depending on the degree of saturation of alfalfa and winter wheat with stubble natural phytocenosis in the Western Caspian region
Authors: Guseynov A. A , Arslanov M. A , Gasanov G. N , Bashirov R. R , Mirzaeva Kh. M
Published: April 2024

The photosynthetic activity of alfalfa and winter wheat with PEF in crop rotations was studied at Vympel-2002 LLC in the Khasavyurt district of the Republic of Dagestan. The soil of the experimental plot is meadow-chestnut, heavy loamy, in the arable layer contains humus 2.77%, K2O - 32.8 and P2O5-2.21 mg / 100 g, its density is 1.24 g / cm3, the lowest moisture capacity of the soil layer - 0.6 m, in which the humidity was studied to determine the timing and norms of irrigation - 29.2%. The studies were carried out in three grain-grass crop rotations saturated with alfalfa and winter wheat with PEF from 25 to 75%, and their monocultures. The formation of PEF for green manure after harvesting winter wheat in the second half of summer, in terms of its influence on the photosynthetic activity of crops of subsequent winter wheat in the crop rotation, made it possible to achieve the same high indicators as after such a most valuable predecessor for it as alfalfa. Despite the fact that the latter, due to its multi-cutting, alfalfa forms 2.8 times more leaf surface area during the growing season, in terms of photosynthetic potential of crops (PPP) and net photosynthesis productivity (NPP) it is inferior to winter wheat with PEF in 1.6 and 6.2 times, respectively. PEF phytomass used for green fertilizer, smoothing out the negative impact of its long-term re-sowing on the phytosanitary state of the soil and the yield of the leading grain crop, can become the most acceptable way out of the situation when, due to the current structure of sown areas, winter wheat occupies 60- 80% of the crop rotation area and it has to be placed in the same field for 3-5 years without a change.
Patterns for digitalization of grain crop production in the crop rotations of the central black earth region forest-steppe
Authors: Akimenko A. S , Sviridov V. I , Dudkina T. A , Dolgopolova N. V
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify significant patterns in the use by crops of natural resources of yields and fertilizers, suitable for decision support through the use of digital technologies. The results are as follows: a method is proposed for predicting the yield of grain crops, taking into account the moisture supply of crops and nitrogen norms in the composition of mineral fertilizers, based on a regular relationship between the energy accumulated by crops and water consumption; comparison of the annual predicted yield values with the experimental ones obtained in the stationary experiment on typical heavy loamy chernozem confirmed statistical reliability of the yield forecasts for spring barley and winter wheat, sown after reliable predecessors that provide timely and vigorous shoots; the productivity of crop rotations, calculated on the basis of the regular relationship between the exchange energy and the nitrogen content in the marketable part of the yieldby the input of fertilizers into the soil, coincided with the actual productivity with sufficient accuracy; the economic and environmental effect against the background of equalrates of mineral fertilizers turned out to be the smallest and the largest ones, respectively, in the grain-fallow-row crop and field crop rotations. The presence of patterns for predicting yields and reproducing soil fertility allows, at the stage of designing specific crop rotations (also during their modernization), using digital technologies, to choose the most economically feasible of the possible crop rotation schemes in relation to specialization, financial condition and infrastructure of agricultural enterprises. A prerequisite for making adequate decisions at the same time, there is the absence of obviously unacceptable alternations in the crop rotation.
Adaptability of variety and rootstock combinations of peach and nectarine in the Russia subtropics
Authors: Abilfazova Yu. S
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of research into a collection of peaches and nectarines cultivated at the Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Sochi. The experiment was conducted in open ground, plot area is 0.5 hectares, planting pattern is 5x2.5m, 5x2, 5x1.5m. In 2019, the Center’s assortment was replenished with 28 variety-rootstock combinations of peach and nectarine based on eight varieties (Pamyat Simirenko, Redhaven, Zolotoy Yubiley, Osenniy Rumyanets, Obilny, Orion, Pyatnitsa 13, Silver Roma) of different ripening periods on four clonal rootstocks: Kuban 86, BP, Best, VVA. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of variety-rootstock combinations of peach and nectarine, resistant to abiotic factors in the humid subtropics of Russia, have been studied. The object of study is peach leaves. Physiological analyzes were carried out in the plant physiology and biochemistry department using classical methods: water deficiency of peach leaves was determined according to Pochinok; tissue hydration - according to Gunar; water holding capacity - according to Arland; dry matter - by drying in a drying cabinet to constant weight. Leaves were collected from June to August. Agricultural technology is generally accepted for peach culture. Brown forest soils. It has been established that the best varieties of peach and nectarine in terms of ability to retain water during the dry period are: Redhaven (AP), Pyatnitsa 13 (AP), Pyatnitsa 13 (Best), Pyatnitsa 13 (BP) with low water deficit (11.06-4. 78%) and high water-retaining system of leaves (64-76%). They were distinguished by an increase in the turgor of leaf tissues to 66.33-69.27%, which is considered a sign of plant adaptability to disturbances in the water-thermal regime.
Esults of the study of black currant varieties on the complex of economically valuable traits in Kirov region conditions
Authors: Saltykova T. I , Vakhrusheva NS. Sergeevna , Sofronov A. P
Published: April 2024

The aim of the research is to study collection material of black currant in conditions of Kirov region and to identify varieties which combine high productivity, large fruits and resistance to bud mite (Cecidophyes ribes West.) and powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae (Schw) Berk et Gurt.). The researches had been held in an experimental garden of FSBSI FARC of the North-East (Kirov) in 2015-2021. The objects of the research were 36 black currant varieties of 2013 planting year. The check variety was Vologda. As a result of the research, source of the complex of economically valuable traits was distinguished: three varieties of Cherniy Zhemchug (Black Pearl), Chishma, Karachinskaya singled out for the combination of high productivity 62,3-142,0 c/ha (the exceeding of productivity over the check variety is 35,0% and more), for the large fruit (an average mass of a berry is 1,20 -1,70 g) and for high resistance to bud mite; the varieties Yadrenaya (Vigorous) and Gulliver were differed in a combination of high productivity 47,0 - 62,9 c/ha (the exceeding over the check variety is 35% and more), a large fruit (an average mass of a berry is 1,20 - 1,30), a high degree of resistance (the maximum degree of damage is 0,5 - 1,0 point) to powdery mildew and bud mite; two samples, Mila and Sputnik were identified for a combination of high productivity 46,7 - 49,6 c/ha (the exceeding of productivity over the check variety is 35,0% and more), for the large fruit (an average mass of a berry is 1,20 -1,80 g), a taste (4,0 points), a high degree of resistance (the maximum degree of damage is 0,5 - 1,0 point) to powdery mildew and bud mite. Complex resistance to powdery mildew and bud mite (the maximum degree of damage is 0 point during the research) was found in the Alexandrina variety.
Safety assessment of Bаcillus atrophaeus В-11474, which is promising for the development of a microbial biological product with complex action
Authors: Soprunova O. B , Soprunova V. E , Lutsenko A. V , Gabitova N. M
Published: April 2024

Representatives of the genus Bacillus are known as producers of a wide range of antagonist compounds of different structures (bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides and lipopeptides, polyketides and siderophores) with growth-stimulating and protective properties. A necessary condition for the use of microbial objects in biotechnological processes is safety for human and animal health. The safety of Bacillus atrophaeus B-11474 strain, which is the basis of a microbial biopreparation of complex action to increase the yield and protect agricultural plants from diseases according to the indicators of virulence, acute toxicity, toxigenicity and ability to dissemination was studied.The non-pathogenicity of Bacillus atrophaeus strain B-11474 was established by testing on white Balb/c mice. The studied strain was deposited in the All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (VKPM). The experiment was performed in compliance with all established regulatory requirements for work with laboratory animals according to GLP rules and ethical ethical standards for handling animals. The results of investigation of Bacillus atrophaeus VKPM B-11474 live culture suspension revealed no adverse effect on the experimental animals, indicating the absence of virulence, acute toxicity, toxigenicity and dissemination. Mice actively consumed food and water, were motile, with adequate response to experimenters and physical factors, no lethal outcome was observed. The autopsy has shown that the surface of the internal organs was smooth, without visible pathology, with normal color and of dense structure. The test culture was not found in smears-imprints of internal organs. It was shown that Bacillus atrophaeus strain VKPM B-11474 is promising for obtaining a biopreparation safe for use in agriculture and can be used for further research.
Stability assessment of immunobiological medicinal products manufacturing for veterinary use with Shewhart control charts
Authors: Kotegova K. A , Zaberezhniy A. D , Neminushchaya L. A , Skotnikovа T. A , Eremets V. I , Markova E. V , Grin S. A , Popova V. M
Published: April 2024

According to the current Rules of Good Manufacturing Practice of the Eurasian Economic Union, the principles of risk management for product quality must be applied to all aspects of the production and use of medicines for medical and veterinary purposes. The recommended quality risk management method used by regulators is the Shewhart Chart. Control charts, proposed in 1924 by W. Shewhart, are a graphical tool for applying statistical principles to process control. Statistical process control is a methodology for establishing and maintaining production at an acceptable and stable level, providing the required product quality. Control charts are used to collect data during the continuous recording of the characteristics of the quality of manufactured products. As a result of continuous analysis of information, control charts help to identify unusual patterns of data variation and take preventive measures to eliminate them and increase process stability. The use of Shewhart maps leads to a more detailed understanding of the process and helps to discover ways for valuable improvements. The purpose of the work is to assess the stability of the production of immunobiological medicinal products for veterinary use using Shewhart's control charts. The immunobiological drug "Oralrabivak" produced at the Schelkovo Biokombinat FKP was used as a model object. We used control charts of individual values (X-chart) and moving ranges (Rm-chart) and maps of mean values (-chart) and sample standard deviations (s-chart). The assessment of the stability of the production of Oralrabivak using Shewhart's control charts showed that during two production cycles (2021 and 2022) the technological process was in a state of statistical controllability. To improve the process and ensure the quality of the finished product, the specialists of the enterprise have taken preventive measures. The methodology of control charts made it possible to visualize and study in detail a new production process for the enterprise for a deeper understanding of its features by the specialists of the enterprise and further improvement.
Study of the beef cattle genetic potential realization indicators for digitalization of the animals breeding qualities assessment
Authors: Petrov E. B , Vladimirov F. E , Bazaev S. O
Published: April 2024

In the course of the study, the indicators of the realization of the genetic potential of economically useful traits of beef cattle were considered, allowing to expand the completeness of the assessment of the breeding qualities of animals: exterior criteria (height at the withers, chest depth, trunk width, chest girth, etc.) related to productivity (average daily weight gain, removable live weight, etc.). Factors of selection were studied - genetic and phenotypic features. Particular attention was paid to the phenotypic indicators of the realization of the genetic potential of beef cattle, reflecting the important contribution of genotype and environmental factors. The high level of their variability contributes to the efficiency of selection. At the same time, a significant proportion of variability is due to the action of non-genetic factors, primarily the influence of changeable and unchangeable environmental factors. The accuracy of the assessment of breeding qualities of animals directly depends on the methods of their identification, registration and control of their productivity. The purpose of the study is to study a number of indicators of the best expression of signs of the realization of the genetic potential of animals for the digitalization of the evaluation of breeding qualities of beef cattle. An assessment of breeding animals is proposed, which will allow obtaining an instrument of expanded boundaries of genetic variability in the formation of the desired type of beef cattle. The development of the direction of digitalization of signs of qualitative genetics, in particular, signs of the exterior of an animal related to productivity and their inclusion in programs and plans to increase the genetic potential of animals, will be one of the effective methods of increasing it in cattle herds. Digitalization of the assessment of breeding qualities of beef cattle allows you to realize hidden reserves to increase the genetic potential of signs of meat productivity and covers the use of indicators that were previously not used due to the use of significant resources and the complexity of existing methods of collecting a large amount of data on animals. The proposed assessment of breeding animals will allow us to obtain an instrument of expanded boundaries of genetic variability in the formation of the desired type of beef cattle and will serve as an addition to the zootechnical rules and in the development of an automated system for managing breeding work in beef cattle breeding.
Conceptual frameworks for creating an automated potato harvester with a digital system for identifying soil lumps and separating them from commercial potato products
Authors: Dorokhov A. S , Sibirev A. V , Mosyakov M. A , Sazonov N. V , Petukhov S. N , Godyaeva M. M , Kynev D. N , Chistyakova O. S
Published: April 2024

FSC VIM has developed the conceptual basis for creating an automated potato harvester with a digital system for identifying soil lumps and separating them from marketable products. Existing machines carry out the technological process in conditions of high soil moisture, which negatively affects the quality of harvesting as a result of a decrease in the completeness of separation. To determine the optimal values of the developed separating system and recommendations for subsequent changes in the design and technological parameters of the machines, a design diagram of an automated harvester is presented, a schematic diagram of modeling a system for identifying soil lumps in the Matlab/Simulink environment, data selection from field studies of the operation quality of the harvesting machine separating system, as well as the work of the neural network system and the neuron error surface for identifying soil lumps while moving along the separating surface are shown.
Development of technology for harvesting soybeans using a two-phase threshing combine to obtain seeds in the conditions of the Amur region
Authors: Prisyazhnaya I. M , Prisyazhnaya S. P
Published: April 2024

The existing technology for producing soybean seeds does not provide them with high quality indicators and, accordingly, the full realization of the potential possibilities of soybean varieties in terms of yield. The invention proposes a new technology for obtaining high-quality conditioned seeds, with a separate fraction in two-phase threshing combines already in the process of harvesting, which can be used for sowing without subsequent post-harvest part-time processing. Such quite important tasks, implemented simultaneously in one technological scheme of soybean harvesting, have not been implemented today in any Russian or international engineering company. To obtain high-quality soybean seeds in a two-phase threshing combine during harvesting, technological and design solutions have been developed that allow dividing threshed grain into two fractions - seed and commodity. In case of two-phase threshing with the first threshing drum operating at the lower level of power action, the most mature biologically full-fledged soybean seeds are soaked at the softer modes, separately sorted at the first half of the combine sieve mill and separately collected in the first grain screw and then in the two-section hopper of the combine. Separating the rolled board into two parts and preventing mixing of the sieved grain, which is soaked with the first and browned with the second threshing drums in rigid modes, more than 60% of the quality soybean seeds of the first fraction extracted during threshing and separation from the first threshing drum are separately obtained in a separate hopper of the combine. The seed fraction with a high mass of 1000 seeds has purity at the level of the requirements of the first class with high inoculation properties, a lower amount of crushing and micro damage and increased productivity. The commodity fraction prevents grain losses from undergrowth in the sex and from non-waste in the straw.
Screening of raw material for a spring soft wheat selection in the Middle Volga region conditions
Authors: Taranova T. Yu , Demina E. A , Kincharov A. I
Published: April 2024

The results of the study of 300 samples of spring soft wheat from a collection nursery with different ecological and geographical origin by identifying genetic sources with signs - precocity, short stemmed, coarse grained in the conditions of the Middle Volga region are presented. The research was carried out in 2019-2021 in the forest-steppe zone of the Samara region. The growing seasons during the years of research were quite arid: the hydrothermal coefficient in 2019 was 0.48, in 2020 - 0.52, in 2021 - 0.39 with an average annual value of 0.73. The study of the source material was carried out according to the methodology of the state variety testing and the methodological recommendations of the VIR. According to the results of the study, genetic sources of precocity were identified: Ural'skaya Kukushka, Chelyaba Rannyaya (Chelyabinsk region), Rifor 1, Rifor 6 (Leningrad region), Odeta, Libertina (Czech Republic), Chi Mai 1 (China); short stemmed: KWS Jetstream (Germany), Eleganza, Florens (France), Odeta, Libertina, Septima (Czech Republic), KWS Torridon (Great Britain), VZ-602 (Mexico), Iona (USA), Boett (Sweden), Long Fu 13 (China); coarse grains: Lutescens 6074/6-23 (Kinel), Ehkada 214, Ulyanovskaya 101, Burlak (Ulyanovsk), Saratovskaya 70 (Saratov), Chi Mai 1 (China). In turn, the samples Lutescens 6074/6-23, Ehkada 214, Burlak, in addition to high values of the mass of 1000 grains, had high yields during the years of research. The highest grain productivity was distinguished by samples of local breeding created in recent years - Kinelskaya Yubileynaya, Kinelskaya Zarya, Kinelskaya Zvezda, Kinelskaya 2020, Kinelskaya Volna, Lutescens 6074/6-23, Erythrospermum 6517/24-1, varieties of Bezenchyk selection - Tulaykovskaya 108, Tulaykovskaya 116, as well as Saratov selection - Saratovskaya 73, Saratovskaya 74, Albidum 33 and Ulyanovsk selection - Burlak, Ulyanovskaya 100. The selected genetic sources of valuable traits are recommended to be used as parental forms in breeding programs of crossing in the conditions of the Middle Volga region.
Research development method of chemical activation of light-independent oxidative processes at the seed material germination stage
Authors: Sergeev S. N , Taraskin K. A , Kasaikina O. T , Lobanov A. V , Budnik M. I , Grudzinsky A. V , Sorokin P. A , Barnashova E. K , Apasheva L. M
Published: April 2024

Studies of biochemical processes occurring in plant tissues indicate a significant role of interactions involving oxygen-containing compounds. Hydrogen peroxide is one of the oxidizing agents found in the structure of plant tissues, the most stable oxygen-containing substance. According to the results of experimental studies of the action of oxygen-containing compounds, including as activators of hydrogen peroxide, introduced into the composition of the moisturizing liquid used in the germination of seeds of cultivated plants, it was found that their use increases the activity of growth processes. Using the example of cucumber seedlings of the Mazai F1 variety, the best indicators were found in a two-component aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide (3.5×10-5 M) and cyclohexanone (1.75×10-5 M). The increase during the 48-part experiment was 175% compared to the comparison experiment conducted in distilled water. An assessment of the environmental safety of the proposed solutions containing oxygen-containing compounds in their composition has shown that they are safe in recommended concentrations as moisturizing liquids for seed germination.
Study of the soybean varieties quantitative traits variability in the Central Non-Chernozem Earth Region conditions
Authors: Gureeva E. V
Published: April 2024

In the experiments, the formation of the yield of new early-ripening soybean varieties Georgiy, Slavyanka and Snezhana under the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem Region was studied and an assessment was made of the influence of hydrothermal conditions on the variability and conjugation of soybean agronomic traits. Field experiments were carried out in 2020-2022. at the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnologies, a branch of the FGBNU FNAC VIM (Ryazan region), located in the forest-steppe agro-climatic zone of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The soil is dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition, of medium fertility (humus content - 4.54%), with an average content of exchangeable potassium and mobile phosphorus. Through correlation analysis, a significant positive relationship was established between the duration of the growing season and the HTC (r = 0.916 + 0.09), with the average daily temperature in August (r = 0.896 + 0.04). The height of plants and the height of attachment of the lower bean in the varietal section changed to an average degree (V = 7.96-21.38%). The greatest variability over the years was noted for the number of beans (V=31.92%) and the weight of seeds per plant (V=38.03%). The weight of 1000 seeds changed the least during the years of the study (V = 8.54-13.38%). The yield of the studied varieties is directly related to the number of beans and seeds per plant, and has no significant relationship with the height of the plant. The results of the research were used in the development of varietal technologies for the cultivation of soybeans in the conditions of the Ryazan region.