bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Aid to Capacity Evaluation (ACE)
Authors: Brøndbo Per Håkan , Halvorsen Marianne
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Aid to Capacity Evaluation (ACE) er et semistrukturert beslutningshjelpemiddel som kan hjelpe klinikere til å vurdere pasienters beslutnings- eller samtykkekompetanse når pasienten skal ta en medisinsk beslutning. Skjemaet består av syv vurderingsområder som er vesentlige for pasientens beslutningskompetanse. Det tar 5–10 minutter å gjennomføre intervjuet. Den norske oversettelsen ble gjort i 2011 av Jørgen Dahlberg og Reidar Pedersen fra Senter for medisinsk etikk ved Universitetet i Oslo.
Litteratursøk: Litteratursøk og kontakt med oversetterne resulterte ikke i noen relevante treff.
Psykometri: Det foreligger per i dag ikke dokumentasjon for ACEs måleegenskaper i en skandinavisk kontekst.
Konklusjon: De psykometriske egenskapene for ACE i en skandinavisk kontekst er ukjente. Før det foreligger dokumentasjon for måleegenskapene, bør klinisk bruk skje med stor varsomhet, særlig dersom skårene brukes som del av et beslutningsgrunnlag på individnivå.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Preschool Anxiety Scale – Revised (PAS-R)
Authors: Backer-Grøndahl Agathe , Helland Siri Saugestad
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Preschool Anxiety Scale – Revised (PAS-R; Edwards, Rapee, Kennedy & Spence, 2010) er et instrument som måler et bredt spekter av angstsymptomer hos førskolebarn. PAS-R består av 28 ledd som til sammen måler sosial angst, generalisert angst, separasjonsangst og spesifikke fobier. Instrumentet er oversatt til norsk av Ørbeck, Eyre og Kristensen i 2013. PAS-R kan brukes kostnadsfritt av forskere og klinikere.
Litteratursøk: Et systematisk litteratursøk etter norske, danske og svenske studier som rapporterte psykometriske egenskaper for PAS-R resulterte i en masteroppgave og en hovedoppgave. Disse var basert på tverrsnittsdata fra et normalutvalg av førskolebarn i en pilotundersøkelse (N = 37) og i hovedstudien (N = 260) i Norwegian Tuning in to Kids ved Universitetet i Oslo.
Psykometri: Middelverdiene for PAS-R var i de to studiene presentert med en annen skalering enn i originalskalaen, og disse ble derfor omregnet for å muliggjøre sammenligning med internasjonale funn. Resultatene indikerte god reliabilitet (indre konsistens) for totalskalaen. Gjennomsnittsverdiene for totalskalaen i de norske utvalgene var lavere enn i det originale utvalget, men høyere enn i et islandsk utvalg. Det ble ikke rapportert psykometridata for delskalaene i de to norske studiene.
Konklusjon: Vi har begrenset datagrunnlag for å konkludere om de psykometriske egenskapene ved den norske versjonen av PAS-R. Til tross for dette vil vi oppmuntre til bruk av PAS-R i norske forskningsstudier, da dette er et av få instrumenter som fanger ulike  angstdimensjoner hos barn og da det bør forskes på PAS-R fordi det er behov for økt kunnskap om instrumentets psykometriske egenskaper.
THE IMPACT OF AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AND E-COMMERCE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Bhatia Neel
Published: April 2024

With the rapid advancement of technology, augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a potential game-changer in the realm of e-commerce. This research aims to investigate the influence of AR on consumer behavior and its subsequent impact on the performance of online commerce platforms. The study will explore how AR applications enhance the online shopping experience, influence purchasing decisions, and contribute to customer satisfaction and loyalty. Additionally, the research will delve into the challenges and opportunities that businesses face in integrating AR into their e-commerce strategies. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study seeks to provide valuable insights for businesses looking to leverage AR technologies for improved customer engagement and overall e-commerce success.
LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION OF THE K TO 12 PROGRAM AMONG THE STAKEHOLDERS OF JAMIATU MARAWI AL-ISLAMIA FOUNDATION: BASIS FOR ACTION PLAN
Authors: Batara Maruhom , Phd Raihanie
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness and perception of the stakeholders on the K to 12 Program in JamiatuMarawi Al-Islamia Foundation, Marawi City, School Year 2011 - 2017 basis for action plan.
LA NEUROFIBROMATOSE DE TYPE 1 ET TROUBLES PSYCHIATRIQUES: REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE
Authors:   Mental Health Research Team, IbnNafis Psychiatric Hospital, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco., Larouss Aicha , El Mekkaoui Meriem ,   Mental Health Research Team, IbnNafis Psychiatric Hospital, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco., Adali Imane ,   Mental Health Research Team, IbnNafis Psychiatric Hospital, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco., Manoudi Fatiha ,   Mental Health Research Team, IbnNafis Psychiatric Hospital, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.
Published: April 2024

La neurofibromatose du type 1 (NF1) estsouventassociee aux troubles psychiatriques.Ilssont plus frequents chez les patients atteints de NF1 quedans la population generale (33% des patients).La dysthymieest le diagnostic le plus frequent (21% des patients).Unefrequenceimportante de trouble de lhumeur de type depressif (7% des patients), de troubles anxieux (1 a 6% des patients) et de troubles de la personnalite (3% des patients) estobservee. Le risquesuicidaireestegalementaccru (4 fois plus quedans la population generale).Les troubles de lhumeurbipolaires et la schizophreniesontrares. Lalteration de la qualite de vie observeedans la NF1 sembleÃªtreunfacteur important danslapparition deces troubles psychiatriques. Levaluation de celle-ci permettrait de definirune population a risque. [1].
Applying advanced sentiment analysis for strategic marketing insights: A case study of BBVA using machine learning techniques
Authors: Miguel Garay Gallastegui Luis , Reier Forradellas Ricardo , Luis Náñez Alonso Sergio
Published: April 2024

In the digital era, understanding public sentiment toward brands on social media is essential for crafting effective marketing strategies. This study applies sentiment analysis on Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) tweets using advanced machine learning techniques, particularly the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, which showed remarkable precision (91.2%) in sentiment classification. This process involved a systematic approach to data collection, cleaning, and preprocessing. The precision of XGBoost highlights its effectiveness in analyzing social media conversations about banking. Additionally, this paper achieved improvements in neutral tweet classification, with accuracy rates at 87-88% and a reduced misclassification rate, enhancing the analysis reliability. The findings not only uncover general sentiments toward BBVA but also provide insight into how these sentiments shift in response to marketing activities and global events. This gives marketers a valuable tool for real-time assessment of campaign effectiveness and brand perception. Ultimately, employing the XGBoost algorithm for sentiment analysis offers BBVA a strategic advantage in understanding and engaging its online audience, demonstrating the significant benefits of using sophisticated machine learning in banking. The study emphasizes the crucial role of data-driven sentiment analysis in developing informed business strategies and improving customer relationships in the banking industry’s competitive landscape.
Assessment of climate change impacts on rainfall and streamflow in the Alto Paranapanema Basin, Brazil
Authors: Hucke André Teixeira da Silva , Menegaz Mateus Nardini , Isidoro Jorge Manuel Guieiro Pereira , Tiezzi Rafael de Oliveira
Published: April 2024

Climate change has the potential to fundamentally transform landscapes on global scale. Leveraging advanced predictive modeling to enhance water resource management within the Alto Paranapanema Basin (Brazil), holds the potential to proactively anticipate challenges and alleviate the impacts and conflicts arising from this phenomenon. This is particularly important in a region boasting over 1,600 centerpivot irrigation systems. This study employs the Soil Moisture Accounting Procedure, a physical model, to simulate long-term climate datasets and flows. Future climate scenarios, rooted in the Representative Concentration Pathways, are developed through the downscaling of Global Climate Models. The findings reveal a temporal shift in rainfall patterns, characterized by a reduction during the wet season of up to 40% compared to the average historical rainfall, and an increase throughout the dry season up to 40% compared to the same historical, estimated by the Eta -BESM model. These changes present challenges regarding to water availability, hydroelectric generation, and agricultural. By fostering collaboration among different governmental entities responsible for the managements of basins and harnessing the potential of predictive models, this research advocates for the adoption of proactive strategies in management of water resources. These strategies are imperative to effectively counteract the far-reaching effects of climate change.
Network Pharmacology Combined with Molecular Docking Approach to Investigate
the Mechanism of ChuShiWeiLing Decoction against Perianal Eczema
Authors: Liu Ying , Hao Min , Fang Xinyue , Qian Yifei , Wang Yahui , Yan Shuai
Published: April 2024

Background:

ChuShiWeiLing Decoction (CSWLD) is a famous classical Chinese prescription for
the treatment of eczema with desirable effect in clinical practice. It has gradually exerted good curative effects
on perianal eczema (PE) in recent years, but its specific mechanism is not elucidated yet.

Objective:

This research explores the underlying pharmacological mechanism of CSWLD in addressing PE
through network pharmacology combined with molecular docking strategy.

Methods:

The key chemical compounds and potential target genes of CSWLD were screened by bioinformatics.
The major targets of CSWLD were discovered using network modules. Functional annotation of Gene
Ontology (GO) was undertaken, as well as pathway enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of
Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Molecular docking of core protein-ligand interactions was modeled using AutoDock
software. Pymol software was used to perform a molecular dynamics simulation for the ideal core
protein-ligand that was discovered by molecular docking.

Results:

A total of 2,853 active compounds and 922 targets of CSWLD were collected. The target with a
higher degree was identified through the PPI network, namely TNF, IL6, ALB, STAT3, EGFR, TLR4,
CXCL8 and PTPRC. GO and KEGG analyses suggested that CSWLD treatment of PE mainly involves cellular
activation, activation of leukocytes, and adhesion among leukocytes. The molecular docking results
showed that wogonin, hederagenin and quercetin of CSWLD could bind to IL-6 and TNF, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our results indicated that the bioactives, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of CSWLD
against PE.
Hemisynthesis of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Diospyros foxworthyi with In vitro
and In silico Anti-malarial Evaluation
Authors: Abd Ghani Muhammad Solehin , Abu Bakar Nur Ain Latifhaa , Ramadani Arba Pramundita , Nugraha Arde Toga , Awang Khalijah Binti , Che Omar Mohammad Tasyriq , Supratman Unang , Kamarulzaman Ezatul Ezleen , Mohamad Taib Mohamad Nurul Azmi
Published: April 2024

A total of twelve pentacyclic triterpenoid derivatives based on betulin (1) and lupeol (2) scaffolds
isolated from Diospyros foxworthyi were hemisynthesized by acylation or acetylation reactions with appropriate
acid chloride or acetic anhydride. The structures of the hemisynthesised compounds were characterised by
means of FT-IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, as well as HRMS analysis. These compounds were assayed for in vitro
anti-malarial studies by inhibition of β-hematin formation assay with chloroquine as a positive control. Compounds
1d and 2f showed the strongest potential as β-hematin formation inhibitors with IC50 values of 6.66 ±
1.36 and 11.89 ± 0.15 μM, respectively, compared with the positive control (chloroquine; IC50 = 37.50 ± 0.60
μM). In silico molecular docking simulations were performed using AutoDock Vina for compounds 1d and 2f
to investigate the binding interactions and free energy of binding (FEB) with the hemozoin supercell crystal
structure (CCDC number: XETXUP01). The findings revealed several hydrophobic interaction modes between
the 1d, 2f and hemozoin, with calculated FEBs of -8.4 ± 0.2 and -8.9 ± 0.0 kcal mol-1, indicating strong and
favourable interactions.
Recent Developments in Asymmetric Nazarov Reactions
Authors: Pellissier Hélène
Published: April 2024

The Nazarov reaction involves the cyclization of divinyl ketones into cyclopentenones
under the influence of strong acids. The prevalence of five-membered carbocycles
in a multitude of natural and bioactive products has triggered an intense development of
efficient methods for their construction. In particular, asymmetric versions of the Nazarov
reaction are achieved by using either a chiral auxiliary or a chiral catalyst, which can be an
organocatalyst, a metal catalyst, or a multicatalytic system. This review aims to update the
field of asymmetric Nazarov reactions published since 2017. It is divided into four sections,
dealing successively with Nazarov reactions of chiral auxiliaries, organocatalytic
enantioselective Nazarov reactions, metal/boron-catalyzed enantioselective Nazarov reactions,
and multicatalytic enantioselective Nazarov reactions. Each section of the review is
subdivided into simple asymmetric Nazarov reactions and Nazarov-based domino/tandem reactions, which
have allowed numerous more complex functionalized chiral molecules to be synthesized in one-pot procedures.
Organocatalyst 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (DABCO)-catalyzed Sustainable
Synthesis of Bis-thiazolidinones Derivatives and their Spectral and DFT Analysis
Authors: Sahal Saloni , Chahar Mamta , Singh Har Lal , Bishnoi Renu , Khaturia Sarita
Published: April 2024

Organocatalyst 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (DABCO) has proven to be an efficient
and environmentally friendly catalyst in the multicomponent reaction involving aldehydes,
ethylenediamine, and thioglycolic acid under microwave conditions. DABCO stands
out among other organic catalysts due to its cost-effectiveness, non-toxic nature, and environmentally
conscious profile. The method employed in this study exhibited exceptional attributes,
such as high yields, swift reaction times, atom economy, catalyst reusability, and minimal
catalyst loading. Additionally, there were excellent yields of products (90-94%). The melting
points, UV-Vis, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, were used to analyze the produced compounds. The invitro
antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated against pathogenic
strains E. coli and Bacillus supstalis, and the results obtained were further explained with the help of DFT and
molecular orbital calculations. Moreover, the compound 4b was found to be the most potent antibacterial agent
amongst all tested compounds.
Investigating PI3P Binding with Plasmodium Falciparum HSP70 Proteins
Authors: Upadhyay Vipul , Kaur Satinder , Hora Rachna , Mishra Prakash Chandra
Published: April 2024

Background:

Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) heat shock proteins (PfHSP70s)
are an important class of molecules critically involved in parasite survival during stress. Interaction
between the cytosolic PfHSP70-1 and a crucial lipid modulator, Phosphatidylinositol 3 Phosphate
(PI3P), stabilizes the parasite Digestive Vacuole (DV) to facilitate hemoglobin trafficking
and breakdown, in turn impacting parasite survival.

Methods:

PI3P binding on PfHSP70-1 is facilitated by its C-terminal LID domain that controls
substrate binding. PI3P and PfHSP70 homologs are amply expressed together in various subcellular
compartments of the parasite, providing them with opportunities to interact and modulate biological
processes.

Results:

Here, we have identified and analyzed the PI3P binding pockets of all four PfHSP70s by
using structural bioinformatics tools to understand their interaction with this lipid. Our results
show that differently localized PfHSP70 homologs bind PI3P with variable affinity.

Conclusion:

Analysis of these results has also helped to pinpoint specific residues on PfHSP70s
that may be engaged in these interactions. The present study may, therefore, form the basis for designing
interventions that hinder PfHSP70-PI3P interaction and influence parasite survival.
Middle Lobe Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sciuto Laura , Tosto Monica , Licciardello Laura , Giugno Andrea , Balconara Desiree , Mollica Federico , Mule Enza , Papale Maria
Published: April 2024

Background:

Middle lobe syndrome (MLS) is a distinct clinical and radiographic entity
characterized by recurrent or chronic collapse of the middle lobe of the right lung, but it can also
involve the lingula of the left lung.

Case Study:

This study presents a rare case of MLS caused by a vascular ring never described in
the literature until now and provides physicians with the clinical and instrumental tools in order to
early recognize and promptly treat this condition. The case report was reported according to
CARE guidelines. A literature research on PubMed/MEDLINE was also performed using the
MeSH terms “Middle lobe syndrome OR MLS AND double aortic arch” “Middle lobe syndrome
OR MLS AND vascular rings”. No case described in the literature was found. In most cases, MLS
presents non-specific respiratory symptoms, which unfortunately is responsible for the diagnostic
delay that patients with this pathology often suffer. The diagnostic delay is estimated to be 8
months (range 3 to 36 months). A history of dysphagia and regurgitation can be indirect signs of a
vascular compression, such as vascular rings, which can cause MLS.

Conclusion:

To date, the reported case is the only case in the literature of MLS caused by double
aortic arch. The key point for the diagnosis of MLS is diagnostic suspicion. Early recognition of
MLS is essential to quickly start a targeted therapeutic program avoiding the persistence of vicious
circle atelectasis-recurrent respiratory infections, and this could significantly improve the
long-term outcome of these patients.
Enhancing Indoor Navigation for Visually Impaired Individuals with an
AI Chatbot Utilizing VEO Optimized Nodes and Natural Language
Processing
Authors: Thandu Nagaraju , Rathinam Murugeswari
Published: April 2024

Aims and Background:

Visually impaired people face numerous challenges when it
comes to indoor navigation. While outdoor navigation benefits from advancements in GPS and related
technologies, indoor spaces present intricate, complex, and often less accessible environments
for those with visual impairments.

Objective and Methodology:

In response to these challenges, we propose an innovative approach
to enhance indoor navigation for individuals with visual impairments, leveraging the power of an
AI chatbot. Our AI chatbot employs cutting-edge artificial intelligence techniques to provide realtime assistance and guidance, facilitating independent navigation within intricate indoor settings.
By harnessing natural language processing technologies, the chatbot engages in intuitive interactions with users, comprehending their queries and offering detailed instructions for efficient indoor
navigation. The main goal of this research is to enhance the independence of people with visual
impairments by offering them a reliable and easily accessible tool.

Results and conclusion:

This tool, driven by our Volcano Eruption Optimization Network, promises
to significantly enhance the independence and overall indoor navigation experience for visually
impaired people, ultimately fostering a greater sense of autonomy in navigating complex indoor
spaces.
Advanced Gyrotron Concepts for Spectroscopic Applications
Authors: Zapevalov Vladimir Evgen'evich , Sergeevich Zuev Andrey
Published: April 2024

Background:

Currently, some modern spectroscopic applications require sub-terahertz
and terahertz continuous-wave electromagnetic radiation sources with power levels from 0.1 to 100
W. Gyrotron, a powerful high-frequency vacuum electronics device, is considered one of the promising
sources for these aims.

Methods:

Modification of the gyrotron design promotes the widespread use of these devices for
DNP/NMR spectroscopy.

Results:

Promising non-canonical concepts are presented, the features of which compare favorably
with the classical gyrotron scheme.

Conclusion:

The gyrotron concepts we considered allow us to master the terahertz range and develop
a unique gyrotron installation for each scientific group, considering the specifics of their
scientific research.
The perception of the Joseon literati seen throughthe records related to the five-story stone pagoda at the Jeongnim-sa temple site
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Lee Hyang-Bae
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the perception of the Joseon literati through the records about the five-story stone pagoda at the Jeongnim-sa temple site. We first speculate the process of how the inscriptions were made on the stone pagoda. After pacifying Baekje, General Sojeongbang had to return to Tang and report to the emperor before proceeding to conquer Goguryeo. Therefore, there was only about a month of time available for him to compose his merit inscriptions and carve it onto a stone monument. As there was no time to prepare a stone monument, we presume the inscriptions were made on the stone pagoda as an alternative. In general, the Joseon literati called the five-story stone pagoda at the Jeongnim-sa temple site as the Pyeongjae-pagoda. After examining the names such as ‘Pyeong-jae-top(平濟塔)’, ‘Pyeong-baek-je-top(平百濟塔)’, ‘Pyeong-baek-jae-top-myeong(平百濟塔銘)’, ‘So-jeong-bang-bi(蘇定方碑)’, ‘Shin-la-pyeong-jae-top-bi(新羅平濟塔碑)’, ‘So-jeong-bang-peyong-jae-top (蘇定方平濟㙮)’, ‘Dae-tang-pyeong-jae-top(大唐平百濟塔)’, we show that the names are either abbreviations of “Dae-dang-pyeong-baek-je-guk-bi- myeong(大唐平百濟國碑銘)” or those regarding the person responsible for making the inscriptions. In addition, upon observing “Dae-dang-pyeong- baek-je-guk-bi-myeong(大唐平百濟國碑銘)”, the Joseon literatistood on the side of the people of Baekje and criticized the Tang dynasty for conquering the small nation of Baekje. Furthermore, they perceived the actions of General Sojeongbang who made the merit monument as a cruel tyranny. Finally, we show that the perspective on “Dae-dang-pyeong-baek-je- guk-bi-myeong(大唐平百濟國碑銘)” changed during the late Joseon dynasty due to the influence of the Qing historiography and epigraphy. We analyze the literary characteristics of the inscriptions and evaluate the script style and the level of the caligraphy. Through this, we address the issues related to the author while showing that it was considered one of the finest epigraphic materials in Korea.
Introduction to the new manuscripts and documents of the Seokbuk Shin Gwang-soo Family
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Jang Yoo-seung
Published: April 2024

This thesis classifies 110 materials owned by Shin Kwang-soo's descendants into five categories: the king's handwriting and test paper, the scrapbook of writings and pictures, poetry and letters, manuscripts, and document, and examines their bibliographic characteristics and compilation background. Notable materials include the documentation of the king's writing and criticism. There are also many poems that are not included in the collection of writings. In Shin Kwang-ha's poem, Chae Jegong's criticism is recorded. In addition, Shin Kwang-soo's manuscripts are believed to have been used for the compilation of writings. The materials introduced in this thesis show the literary capabilities of this family for four generations since Shin Kwang-soo, and can be used to testify to the people and history of the local community.
Poetic Communication Between Haseo Kim In-Hoo and Goam Yang Ja-Jing and The Meaning
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Park Myoung Hui
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the poetic communication between Kim In-Hoo and his student Yang Ja-Jing and the meaning. They wrote two poems of  together. Kim In-Hoo wrote  and Yang Ja-Jing borrowed it to write . Then Kim In-Hoo borrowed Yang’s poem again to write three poems of . Therefore, as it was suggested that Kim In-Hoo and Yang Ja-jing communicated each other through writing poems, this study specifically investigated their communication in each aspect. The two poems of  were the 3rd and the 4th of the eight poems of  recorded in vol. 7 of 『Haseo Collection』 . Kim In-Hoo sincerely modified the poems written by Yang Ja-Jing. He wrote  with an ash tree stump he gained one day as a material for poetry and Yang Ja-Jing borrowed the rhyme of  to write  and then Kim In-Hoo borrowed Kim’s rhyme to write three poems of . , , and  were made of 26 verses, which have distinctive contents each other. Kim In-Hoo considered the ash tree stump which can be said to be an insignificant thing as very valuable in  and he seemed to take much consolation from it. He was also identified with it himself. Yang Ja Jing gave a focus on the history of the stump by introducing the history of the Qin Dynasty in  unlike his teacher. Kim In-Hoo mentioned the importance of reading along with the mind of desire for prosperity of Confucianism in . Finally, this study defined the nature of the poetry as follows: the two poems of  were training poetry and the three poems of  by Kim In-Hoo,  by Yang Ja-Jing and  by Kim In-Hoo were odes on objects, historical poetry and Confucian poetry through borrowing rhymes.
Relationship Between Malnutrition Risk, Activities of Daily Living, and Adaptation to Chronic Diseases in Older People with Chest Diseases
Authors: Arslan Sedat , Dagci Gunal Busra , Bulut Hulya , Bozkurt Canan
Published: April 2024

Introduction. The increased risk of malnutrition in older people may have significant impacts on chronic disease management and quality of life.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between chronic diseases, activities of daily living (ADLs), and malnutrition risk.
Methods. This cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted on 352 patients over 65 years old, who had a chronic disease for at least one year and were admitted to Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. The data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale (ACIS), Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002), and Katz Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL) scale.
Results. The mean age of the participants was 70.65±4.18 years. All participants were at risk of malnutrition according to the NRS-2002 assessment, 29% were independent, and 35.8% were partially dependent based on the Katz ADL scale assessment. The ACIS score was 82.83±13.88. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that age, disease duration, perceived disease knowledge, and interference from the disease with planned activities were significant positive predictors of ACIS, while hospitalization in the last 6 months, the number of meals per day, difficulty in meeting personal care needs, and NRS-2002 were significant negative predictors of ACIS (p<0.05).
Conclusions. Despite the unexpected homogeneity in malnutrition risk, the NRS-2002 score emerged as a negative predictor of chronic disease adaptation. Furthermore, recent hospital admissions, daily meal consumption, and impairment in self-care were also found to have a negative influence, while age, disease duration (in years), appropriate disease knowledge, and the absence of interference from the disease with planned activities demonstrated a positive impact on chronic disease adaptation.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Zakat Management in Higher Education
Authors: Bahori Adibah , Mohd Azli Rafidah , Yaakob Ahmad Faiz , Mohd Yunos Zulhilmi
Published: April 2024

Zakat is a type of assistance designed to lessen the burden experienced by people in need. The zakat fund given to Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) students has been managed by the Zakat, Sedekah, and Waqf Unit (ZAWAF). ZAWAF has shared crucial information about zakat via a web-based zakat application. However, some students were not well-informed about zakat distribution. The researchers were asked to look into it more deeply.  A framework based on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) will be used to understand people's awareness of zakat management and further help to improve the existing ZAWAF delivery service at UiTM.
Going Global and University Competitiveness: A framework for strategic leadership
Authors: Bakar Ahmad Naqiyuddin , Sardan Mohd Azim , Mahmud Mohammad Bastyian , Abdul Kadir Juliana Mohamed
Published: April 2024

The terms “globalisation” and “internationalisation” of university have received a lot attention worldwide.  Yet, being internationally visible does not mean that the university is properly internationalised. A university requires capacity to harnessing the power of strategic partnership and attracting renowned intellectuals to attain the global status and international appeal. University leadership must foster a holistic ecosystem in addressing community issues in line with SDGs.  An integrative analytical framework for the strategic leadership combining three different areas of research:  job related competencies, interpersonal competencies, and personal competencies is proposed, juxtaposing two dimensions – value and uniqueness – revealing different forms of university’s leadership.
Obstacles in Formulating Policy for Climate Change Mitigation: A review
Authors: Hock Sia Pong , Zainudin Ainur Zaireen
Published: April 2024

Climate change has become central to many public policies nowadays as all parties are concentrating their efforts on overcoming the issue. However, formulating the policies is challenging. Therefore, it is the objective of this paper to identify the challenges in formulating climate change-related policies from the land administration perspective. It is done by reviewing the existing literature, based on the findings of past research. Economics and governance are among the challenges to formulating climate change policy. This insight will assist authorities to strategize on how to overcome the challenges so that climate change policies can be well formulated.
Retrieval-Based Diagnostic Decision Support: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Abdullahi Tassallah , Mercurio Laura , Singh Ritambhara , Eickhoff Carsten
Published: April 2024

Background

Diagnostic errors pose significant health risks and contribute to patient mortality. With the growing accessibility of electronic health records, machine learning models offer a promising avenue for enhancing diagnosis quality. Current research has primarily focused on a limited set of diseases with ample training data, neglecting diagnostic scenarios with limited data availability.

Objective

This study aims to develop an information retrieval (IR)–based framework that accommodates data sparsity to facilitate broader diagnostic decision support.

Methods

We introduced an IR-based diagnostic decision support framework called CliniqIR. It uses clinical text records, the Unified Medical Language System Metathesaurus, and 33 million PubMed abstracts to classify a broad spectrum of diagnoses independent of training data availability. CliniqIR is designed to be compatible with any IR framework. Therefore, we implemented it using both dense and sparse retrieval approaches. We compared CliniqIR’s performance to that of pretrained clinical transformer models such as Clinical Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (ClinicalBERT) in supervised and zero-shot settings. Subsequently, we combined the strength of supervised fine-tuned ClinicalBERT and CliniqIR to build an ensemble framework that delivers state-of-the-art diagnostic predictions.

Results

On a complex diagnosis data set (DC3) without any training data, CliniqIR models returned the correct diagnosis within their top 3 predictions. On the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III data set, CliniqIR models surpassed ClinicalBERT in predicting diagnoses with <5 training samples by an average difference in mean reciprocal rank of 0.10. In a zero-shot setting where models received no disease-specific training, CliniqIR still outperformed the pretrained transformer models with a greater mean reciprocal rank of at least 0.10. Furthermore, in most conditions, our ensemble framework surpassed the performance of its individual components, demonstrating its enhanced ability to make precise diagnostic predictions.

Conclusions

Our experiments highlight the importance of IR in leveraging unstructured knowledge resources to identify infrequently encountered diagnoses. In addition, our ensemble framework benefits from combining the complementary strengths of the supervised and retrieval-based models to diagnose a broad spectrum of diseases.
A/B Testing of User Enrollment Forms to Enhance Diversity in the Biomedical Workforce via the National Research Mentoring Network: User-Centered Design Case Study
Authors: Syed Toufeeq Ahmed , Thompson Erika L , Johnson Jason , Latif Zainab , Kennedy Nan , Javier Damaris , Stinson Katie , Vishwanatha Jamboor K
Published: April 2024

Background

The National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN) is a National Institutes of Health–funded program for diversifying the science, technology, engineering, math, and medicine research workforce through the provision of mentoring, networking, and professional development resources. The NRMN provides mentoring resources to members through its online platform—MyNRMN.

Objective

MyNRMN helps members build a network of mentors. Our goal was to expand enrollment and mentoring connections, especially among those who have been historically underrepresented in biomedical training and the biomedical workforce.

Methods

To improve the ease of enrollment, we implemented the split testing of iterations of our user interface for platform registration. To increase mentoring connections, we developed multiple features that facilitate connecting via different pathways.

Results

Our improved user interface yielded significantly higher rates of completed registrations (P<.001). Our analysis showed improvement in completed enrollments that used the version 1 form when compared to those that used the legacy form (odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.30-1.78). The version 2 form, with its simplified, 1-step process and fewer required fields, outperformed the legacy form (odds ratio 2.18, 95% CI 1.90-2.50). By improving the enrollment form, the rate of MyNRMN enrollment completion increased from 57.3% (784/1368) with the legacy form to 74.5% (2016/2706) with the version 2 form. Our newly developed features delivered an increase in connections between members.

Conclusions

Our technical efforts expanded MyNRMN’s membership base and increased connections between members. Other platform development teams can learn from these efforts to increase enrollment among underrepresented groups and foster continuing, successful engagement.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Hospitalization, and Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV in Southeastern China From December 2022 to February 2023: Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Cheng Wei , Xu Yun , Jiang Haibo , Li Jun , Hou Zhigang , Meng Haibin , Wang Wei , Chai Chengliang , Jiang Jianmin
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Limited studies have explored the impact of the Omicron variant on SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and associated factors among people living with HIV, particularly in China. The adjustment of preventive policies since December 2022 in China presents an opportunity to evaluate the real-world factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalization among people living with HIV.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization rates, and associated factors among people living with HIV following the adjustment of preventive policies from December 2022 to February 2023 in southeastern China.

METHODS

A cross-sectional telephone or web-based survey was conducted among people living with HIV in 5 cities in southeastern China from December 2022 to February 2023. Demographic information, SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalization, and HIV-specific characteristics were collected from existing databases and special investigations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors for infection and hospitalization rates of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted for the association between vaccination and infection across different vaccination statuses and time since the last vaccination.

RESULTS

Among people living with HIV with a COVID-19 testing history, the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was 67.13% (95% CI 65.81%-68.13%), whereas the hospitalization rate was 0.71% (95% CI 0.46%-0.97%). Factors such as age, latest CD4 cell count, latest HIV viral load, and transmission route were found to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, while age, cancer, latest CD4 cell count, and latest HIV viral load were associated with SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization. In terms of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, compared to unvaccinated people living with HIV, there was a lower infection rate among those who had been vaccinated for <3 months in the booster vaccination group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.98; P=.04); and there was also a lower risk of hospitalization among people living with HIV who had received vaccination in the past 6-12 months (aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14-0.81; P=.02) and more than 12 months ago (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.72; P=.01).

CONCLUSIONS

After the ease of prevention and control measures in China, we observed a high SARS-CoV-2 infection rate but a low hospitalization rate. General risk factors, such as higher age and vaccination status, and HIV-related parameters, such as the latest CD4 cell count and HIV viral load, were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization. A booster vaccination campaign for booster doses should be considered among people living with HIV in confronting possible COVID-19 epidemic emergencies in the near future.
Leveraging Medical Knowledge Graphs Into Large Language Models for Diagnosis Prediction: Design and Application Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gao Yanjun , Li Ruizhe , Croxford Emma , Caskey John , Patterson Brian W , Churpek Matthew , Miller Timothy , Dligach Dmitriy , Afshar Majid
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Electronic health records (EHRs) and routine documentation practices play a vital role in patients’ daily care, providing a holistic record of health, diagnoses, and treatment. However, complex and verbose EHR narratives can overwhelm health care providers, increasing the risk of diagnostic inaccuracies. While large language models (LLMs) have showcased their potential in diverse language tasks, their application in health care must prioritize the minimization of diagnostic errors and the prevention of patient harm. Integrating knowledge graphs (KGs) into LLMs offers a promising approach because structured knowledge from KGs could enhance LLMs’ diagnostic reasoning by providing contextually relevant medical information.

OBJECTIVE

This study introduces DR.KNOWS (Diagnostic Reasoning Knowledge Graph System), a model that integrates Unified Medical Language System–based KGs with LLMs to improve diagnostic predictions from EHR data by retrieving contextually relevant paths aligned with patient-specific information.

METHODS

DR.KNOWS combines a stack graph isomorphism network for node embedding with an attention-based path ranker to identify and rank knowledge paths relevant to a patient’s clinical context. We evaluated DR.KNOWS on 2 real-world EHR datasets from different geographic locations, comparing its performance to baseline models, including QuickUMLS and standard LLMs (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer and ChatGPT). To assess diagnostic reasoning quality, we designed and implemented a human evaluation framework grounded in clinical safety metrics.

RESULTS

DR.KNOWS demonstrated notable improvements over baseline models, showing higher accuracy in extracting diagnostic concepts and enhanced diagnostic prediction metrics. Prompt-based fine-tuning of Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer with DR.KNOWS knowledge paths achieved the highest ROUGE-L (Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation–Longest Common Subsequence) and concept unique identifier F1-scores, highlighting the benefits of KG integration. Human evaluators found the diagnostic rationales of DR.KNOWS to be aligned strongly with correct clinical reasoning, indicating improved abstraction and reasoning. Recognized limitations include potential biases within the KG data, which we addressed by emphasizing case-specific path selection and proposing future bias-mitigation strategies.

CONCLUSIONS

DR.KNOWS offers a robust approach for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and reasoning by integrating structured KG knowledge into LLM-based clinical workflows. Although further work is required to address KG biases and extend generalizability, DR.KNOWS represents progress toward trustworthy artificial intelligence–driven clinical decision support, with a human evaluation framework focused on diagnostic safety and alignment with clinical standards.
Resisting the Stigma of Being Papuan
Authors: Indonesia Alfath Bagus Panuntun El Nur , Ramadhan Gilang
Published: April 2024

This article shows the stigmatization of Papuan youth in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The Papuan youth in this research is represented by a youth organization called The Mappi and Puncak Griya Sekar Aji Family Association (Ikatan Keluarga Mappi dan Puncak Griya Sekar Aji - IKMP GSA), which has made extensive efforts to create a unique identity of the indigenous people of Papua or Orang Asli Papua (OAPs) through various initiatives, such as social contributions and participation in popular culture. This study’s extensive ethnographic data over four years revealed that OAPs gradually deconstruct the prevailing negative stereotypes attached to Papuan students in DIY. The success could be attributed to OAPs’ collective efforts in establishing and running IKMP GSA. The members also exhibit a high level of self-awareness and actively participate in social activities and mainstream cultural elements in their daily lives. The results provide empirical evidence of effective, repeatable strategies to help improve Papuan students’ social lives across Indonesia.
Effects of biochar and chitosan on morpho-physiological, biochemical and yield traits of water-stressed tomato plants
Authors: Kayes Amrul , Araf Tafsin , Mustaki Sika , Islam Nazrul , Choudhury Shormin
Published: April 2024

The application of biochar as an amendment can improve soil water retention, perhaps leading to higher crop yields. The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January to April 2022 to find out the effects of biochar and chitosan on physiological, and biochemical traits subjected to water stressed tomato plant. The treatments i.e. three water regimes i.e. i) Control (80% of field capacity) ii) 60% of field capacity (FC) and iii) 40% of field capacity (FC) and three drought mitigating agents i) chitosan (200 µL L−1 ha−1), ii) rice husk biochar (20 t/ha) and iii) biochar + chitosan were used in this experiment. Twenty five days old, healthy and uniform seedlings were transplanted in plastic pot using biochar. Ten days after transplanting drought was imposed up to flowering stage. Ten days after transplantation, chitosan was administered by hand sprayer. The results showed that water stress dramatically lowered tomato morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics except lowering sugar. However, biochar and chitosan significantly reduced the effects of water stress on tomato plants. The use of biochar and chitosan resulted in large improvements in plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, fruits per plant, and yield per plant, vitamin C, and total soluble solid content; however, these treatments resulted in significant declines in lowering sugar content in stressed plants. Therefore, combined effect of chitosan and biochar had a greater impact on growth, yield and biochemical parameters.
A Case Report of Two Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease Treated with Korean Medicine Treatment and Temporomandibular Joint Balancing Therapy
Authors: Shin Joo-eun , Kim Seung-ho , Hur Jun-young , Lee Young-jun , Seol In-chan , Kim Yoon-sik , Yoo Horyong
Published: April 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. It has no cure, but current treatments can relieve symptoms and maintain quality of life. As PD progresses, controlling its symptoms becomes difficult. Here, we present the treatment of two patients with idiopathic PD using traditional Korean medicine (TKM) and temporomandibular joint balancing therapy (TBT). We measured the progress of the two patients using the unified PD rating scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale. Combined treatment of TKM and TBT decreased the total UPDRS score from 52 to 26 after 21 days in case 1, while it decreased the total UPDRS score from 91 to 65 after 20 days in case 2. In both patients, the HY scale score was maintained at 3, and no adverse events were observed. Thus, the combined treatment of TKM and TBT can produce a treatment response in PD patients.
Evaluation of Md-ACS1 gene polymorphism in apple trees for isolation of the identified composition of gene pool and breeding for long-storage fruits
Authors: Ulianovskaya Elena V. , Chernutskaya Evgenia A. , Balapanov Ilnur M. , Stepanov Ilya V.
Published: April 2024

The apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) is the most important perennial fruit crop widely cultivated and used in agricultural production around the world. The problem of extending shelf life and sale of fresh fruit crops is of great importance due to the year-round active use and demand among the population. To create commercially attractive, popular and valuable apple varieties of Russian breeding with genetically determined long-term keeping quality of fruits, the role of pre-breeding based on the study and mobilization of available biological resources including the use of DNA marking to identify the most valuable genotypes for the desired priority trait, is significant. The purpose of the study was to study allelic polymorphism of Md-A CS1 gene in 37 apple accessions to identify sources of long-term storage of fruits for further breeding use. The research was carried out in the Center for Collective Use Research and Breeding Collection of Genetic Resources of Horticultural Crops using generally accepted programs and methods for variety study and selection of apple trees. The methods of DNA analysis were applied in the work. For DNA extraction, the CTAB method modified at North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture was used. According to DNA marking data, carriers of homozygous allelic combination (Md-ACS12/2) were identified among the studied apple accessions of Russian breeding: Persikovoe, Georgiy, Azimut, hybrid 17/1647 (Champion Modi), and foreign varieties: Smeralda, Fuji Mimo. The selected varieties and forms are promising in creating Russian genetic resources with improved commercial fruit traits including genetically determined increase in length of storage period. They can be used in breeding using DNA-marker selection for several target genes of quality, keeping quality and density of fruit pulp.