bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentrated, ‘pulsed’ axial glacier flow: structural glaciological evidence from Kvíárjökull in SE Iceland
Authors: Phillips Emrys , Everest Jez , Evans David J.A. , Finlayson Andrew , Ewertowski Marek , Guild Ailsa , Jones Lee
Published: March 2017

A detailed structural glaciological study carried out on Kvíárjökull in SE Iceland reveals that recent flow within this maritime glacier is concentrated within a narrow corridor located along its central axis. This active corridor is responsible for feeding ice from the accumulation zone on the south‐eastern side of Öræfajökull to the lower reaches of the glacier and resulted in a c. 200 m advance during the winter of 2013–2014 and the formation of a push‐moraine. The corridor comprises a series of lobes linked by a laterally continuous zone of highly fractured ice characterised by prominent flow‐parallel crevasses, separated by shear zones. The lobes form highly crevassed topographic highs on the glacier surface and occur immediately down‐ice of marked constrictions caused by prominent bedrock outcrops located on the northern side of the glacier. Close to the frontal margin of Kvíárjökull, the southern side of the glacier is relatively smooth and pock‐marked by a number of large moulins. The boundary between this slow moving ice and the active corridor is marked by a number of ice flow‐parallel strike‐slip faults and a prominent dextral shear zone which resulted in the clockwise rotation and dissection of an ice‐cored esker exposed on the glacier surface. It is suggested that this concentrated style of glacier flow identified within Kvíárjökull has affinities with the individual flow units which operate within pulsing or surging glaciers. © 2017 The Authors Earth Surface Processes and Landforms © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holocene fluvial valley fill sources of atmospheric mineral dust in the Skeleton Coast, Namibia
Authors: Thomas David S.G. , Durcan Julie A. , Dansie Andrew , Wiggs Giles F.S.
Published: March 2017

Western Namibia is a significant global source of atmospheric mineral dust. We investigate the relationship between dust and source sediments, assessing the sustainability of dust flux. Remote sensing studies have highlighted specific ephemeral fluvial systems as important contributors to dust flux, including highlighting sections of valleys that are the origins of dust plumes in the period 2005–2008. Little is known however about the specific within‐valley dust sediment sources, particularly whether dust is derived from modern ephemeral channel floors or older valley fill sediments, many of which have been reported in the region. As part of a region‐wide analysis of aeolian dust flux, we investigate the sediment properties of atmospheric dust samples and valley sediments from the Huab valley, one of the principal regional dust sources. Trapped dust samples contain up to 88% very fine sand and silt when collected samples are disaggregated prior to analysis. Valley fill surface samples comprise 80% very fine sand and silt, and the surface of the modern ephemeral channel 30%. Valley fill sediments were sampled at depths up to 3.6 m below the present surface and reveal Holocene depositional ages from 0.6 ± 0.03 ka back to 9.79 ± 0.73 ka. These sediments contain 30% to 6% very fine sand and silt, with levels decreasing with depth and age. Aeolian bedforms in the valley system (nebkhas on the fill surface and climbing dunes on valley margins) indicate that aeolian processes under the influence of strong seasonal easterly winds likely result in dust being winnowed out of the valley fill surfaces, with sandy bedforms being constructed from the coarser component of the fill sediments. The volume of valley fill sediment suggests dust sourced from Holocene sediments is likely to continue into the future regardless of flow conditions in the modern channel system. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transitioning to a more sustainable residential built environment in Sydney?
Authors: Foong Daphne , Mitchell Paul , Wagstaff Nadine , Duncan Elizabeth , McManus Phil
Published: March 2017

This article applies socio‐technical transitions theory (STTT), with the aim of identifying how the barriers and opportunities that exist to implementing sustainable building are socio‐spatially embedded at a residential scale in Sydney, NSW. This is done through a series of semi‐structured interviews conducted with a range of professionals in relevant industries. The research concludes that barriers and opportunities to sustainable residential buildings in Sydney exist within a landscape context of housing provision in developed countries. However, the conceptual application of these barriers to Sydney, through the multi‐level perspective of STTT with a geographical conceptualisation of the socio‐spatial embeddedness of transitions, highlights the necessity of working within the Sydney and NSW context to facilitate genuine and meaningful transitions. Furthermore, a key finding of this article was the necessity of including socio‐economic factors in a STTT analysis in order to transition to a residential built environment which is both sustainable and affordable.
Body mass index and prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Gama Ricardo Ribeiro , Song Yuyao , Zhang Qihuang , Brown M. Catherine , Wang Jennifer , Habbous Steven , Tong Li , Huang Shao Hui , O'Sullivan Brian , Waldron John , Xu Wei , Goldstein David , Liu Geoffrey
Published: March 2017

Background

Body mass index (BMI) has been associated variably with head and neck cancer outcomes. We evaluated the association between BMI at either diagnosis or at early adulthood head and neck cancer outcomes.

Methods

Patients with invasive head and neck squamous cell cancer at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto, Canada, were surveyed on tobacco and alcohol exposure, performance status, comorbidities, and BMI at diagnosis. A subset also had data collected for BMI at early adulthood.

Results

With a median follow‐up of 2.5 years, in 1279 analyzed patients, being overweight (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–0.8; p = .001) at diagnosis was associated with improved survival when compared with individuals with normal weight. In contrast, underweight patients at diagnosis were associated with a worse outcome (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.2–3.1; p < .01).

Conclusion

Being underweight at diagnosis was an independent, adverse prognostic factor, whereas being overweight conferred better prognosis. BMI in early adulthood was not associated strongly with head and neck cancer outcomes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1226–1233, 2017
Risk assessment of parking lot management based on occupational injuries data
Authors: Jeong Byung Yong , Park Myoung Hwan
Published: March 2017

This study is concerned with the characteristics of occupational injuries and sick leaves for the workers doing parking lot management. Possible incidents and sick leaves have been identified and analyzed for 470 occupational accidents in the parking lot management process. Management level of accidents for prioritizing prevention measures is induced for the combination of the accident types and parking lot management processes. Accidents occurring during the specific parking lot management process showed different characteristics, depending on the type of accident and agency of accident. Most critical accidents that required corrective actions for prevention were being struck by an object in the “guide” process and slipping in the “valet parking” process. And, possible incidents predicted also as high level of management were slips in the “fee collection” and “cleaning” processes and falls to lower level in the “operating lift” and “repair” processes. Also, traffic accidents in the “guide” process, overexertion and bodily reaction and posture in the “patrol” process were ranked ‘high. The findings of this study can be used to develop more effective accident prevention policies to reduce occupational accidents in parking lot management.
Children's understanding of animal, plant, and artifact properties between 3 and 6 years
Authors: Fouquet Nathalie , Megalakaki Olga , Labrell Florence
Published: March 2017

We investigated the kinds of biological properties that children aged 3–6 years attribute to animals, plants, and artifacts by administering a property attribution task and eliciting explanations for the resulting property attributions. Findings indicated that, from the age of 3 years, children more frequently attribute properties to animals than they do to plants or artifacts. Moreover, attributions increased with age for animals, decreased for artifacts, and remained constant for plants. Concerning the conceptual development of animals and plants, results showed that the properties subtending children's initial conceptualization of animals are movement and nutrition, followed by growth, backed up by perceptual, biological, and categorical explanations. By contrast, for plants, the properties are growth and then movement, backed up by perceptual and biological arguments. These findings provide some support for the idea that both conceptual information and perceptual cues influence children's conceptual development.

Highlights

This paper compares children's understanding of animals, plants, and artifacts between 3 and 6 years, in terms of property attributions and the spontaneous explanations of these objects.

With a property attribution task, children more frequently attribute properties to animals than they do to plants or artifacts.

Findings suggest that both conceptual information and perceptual cues influence children's conceptual development.
How fat are the tails of equity market indices?
Authors: Stoyanov Stoyan , Loh Lixia , Fabozzi Frank J.
Published: March 2017

Using a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model to explain away the volatility clustering of volatility effect and extreme value theory to analyse the residuals' left and right tails, we study the tail thickness of 22 developed and 19 emerging equity market indices. In‐sample and out‐of‐sample tests indicate that exponential tails of the residuals cannot be strongly rejected. We study the dispersion of extremes of developed and emerging markets, and we report a statistically significant tail asymmetry in both types of markets and a significant change in both tail risk and tail asymmetry of emerging markets after the financial crisis of 2008.
Segmentation of brain MRI using active contour model
Authors: Ben Rabeh Amira , Benzarti Faouzi , Amiri Hamid
Published: March 2017

Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory, cognitive function, and gradually leads to dementia, physical deterioration, loss of independence, and death of the affected individual. In this context, segmentation of medical images is a very important technique in the field of image analysis and Computer‐Assisted Diagnosis. In this article, we introduce a new automatic method of brain images’ segmentation based on the Active Contour (AC) model to extract the Hippocampus and the Corpus Callosum (CC). Our contribution is to combine the geometric method with the statistical method of the AC. We used the Caselle Level Set and added a learning phase to build an average shape and to make the initialization task automatic. For the step of contour evolution, we used the principle of Level set and we added to it the a priori knowledge. Experimental results are very promising. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 27, 3–11, 2017
A novel Markov random field model based on region adjacency graph for T1 magnetic resonance imaging brain segmentation
Authors: Ahmadvand Ali , Yousefi Sahar , Manzuri Shalmani M. T.
Published: March 2017

Tissue segmentation in magnetic resonance brain scans is the most critical task in different aspects of brain analysis. Because manual segmentation of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images is a time‐consuming and labor‐intensive procedure, automatic image segmentation is widely used for this purpose. As Markov Random Field (MRF) model provides a powerful tool for segmentation of images with a high level of artifacts, it has been considered as a superior method. But because of the high computational cost of MRF, it is not appropriate for online processing. This article has proposed a novel method based on a proper combination of MRF model and watershed algorithm in order to alleviate the MRF's drawbacks. Results illustrate that the proposed method has a good ability in MRI image segmentation, and also decreases the computational time effectively, which is a valuable improvement in the online applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 27, 78–88, 2017
Neuroimage‐based clinical prediction using machine learning tools
Authors: Demirhan Ayşe
Published: March 2017

Classification of structural brain magnetic resonance (MR) images is a crucial task for many neurological phenotypes that machine learning tools are increasingly developed and applied to solve this problem in recent years. In this study binary classification of T1‐weighted structural brain MR images are performed using state‐of‐the‐art machine learning algorithms when there is no information about the clinical context or specifics of neuroimaging. Image derived features and clinical labels that are provided by the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer‐Assisted Intervention 2014 machine learning challenge are used. These morphological summary features are obtained from four different datasets (eachN > 70) with clinically relevant phenotypes and automatically extracted from the MR imaging scans using FreeSurfer, a freely distributed brain MR image processing software package. Widely used machine learning tools, namely; back‐propagation neural network, self‐organizing maps, support vector machines and k‐nearest neighbors are used as classifiers. Clinical prediction accuracy is obtained via cross‐validation on the training data (N = 150) and predictions are made on the test data (N = 100). Classification accuracy, the fraction of cases where prediction is accurate and area under the ROC curve are used as the performance metrics. Accuracy and area under curve metrics are used for tuning the training hyperparameters and the evaluation of the performance of the classifiers. Performed experiments revealed that support vector machines show a better success compared to the other methods on clinical predictions using summary morphological features in the absence of any information about the phenotype. Prediction accuracy would increase greatly if contextual information is integrated into the system. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 27, 89–97, 2017
Contrast limited fuzzy adaptive histogram equalization for enhancement of brain images
Authors: Magudeeswaran V. , Singh J. Fenshia
Published: March 2017

Contrast limited fuzzy adaptive histogram equalization (CLFAHE) is proposed to improve the contrast of MRI Brain images. The proposed method consists of three stages. First, the gray level intensities are transformed into membership plane and membership plane is modified with Contrast intensification operator. In the second stage, the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization is applied to the modified membership plane to prevent excessive enhancement in contrast by preserving the original brightness. Finally, membership plane is mapped back to the gray level intensities. The performance of proposed method is evaluated and compared with the existing methods in terms of qualitative measures such as entropy, PSNR, AMBE, and FSIM. The proposed method provides enhanced results by giving better contrast enhancement and preserving the local information of the original image. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 27, 98–103, 2017
Teaching identity matching of braille characters to beginning braille readers
Authors: Toussaint Karen A. , Scheithauer Mindy C. , Tiger Jeffrey H. , Saunders Kathryn J.
Published: March 2017

We taught three children with visual impairments to make tactile discriminations of the braille alphabet within a matching‐to‐sample format. That is, we presented participants with a braille character as a sample stimulus, and they selected the matching stimulus from a three‐comparison array. In order to minimize participant errors, we initially arranged braille characters into training sets in which there was a maximum difference in the number of dots comprising the target and nontarget comparison stimuli. As participants mastered these discriminations, we increased the similarity between target and nontarget comparisons (i.e., an approximation of stimulus fading). All three participants’ accuracy systematically increased following the introduction of this identity‐matching procedure.
In vivo response to decellularized mesothelium scaffolds
Authors: Cronce Michael J. , Faulknor Renea A. , Pomerantseva Irina , Liu Xiang‐Hong , Goldman Scott M. , Ekwueme Emmanuel C. , Mwizerwa Olive , Neville Craig M. , Sundback Cathryn A.
Published: March 2017

Biological surgical scaffolds are used in plastic and reconstructive surgery to support structural reinforcement and regeneration of soft tissue defects. Macrophage and fibroblast cell populations heavily regulate scaffold integration into host tissue following implantation. In the present study, the biological host response to a commercially available surgical scaffold (Meso BioMatrix Surgical Mesh (MBM)) was investigated for up to 9 weeks after subcutaneous implantation; this scaffold promoted superior cell migration and infiltration previously in in vitro studies relative to other commercially available scaffolds. Infiltrating macrophages and fibroblasts phenotypes were assessed for evidence of inflammation and remodeling. At week 1, macrophages were the dominant cell population, but fibroblasts were most abundant at subsequent time points. At week 4, the scaffold supported inflammation modulation as indicated by M1 to M2 macrophage polarization; the foreign body giant cell response resolved by week 9. Unexpectedly, a fibroblast subpopulation expressed macrophage phenotypic markers, following a similar trend in transitioning from a proinflammatory to anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Also, α‐smooth muscle actin‐expressing myofibroblasts were abundant at weeks 4 and 9, mirroring collagen expression and remodeling activity. MBM supported physiologic responses observed during normal wound healing, including cellular infiltration, host tissue ingrowth, remodeling of matrix proteins, and immune modulation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 716–725, 2018.
Atomic force microscopy in the production of a biovital skin graft based on human acellular dermal matrix produced in‐house and in vitro cultured human fibroblasts
Authors: Łabuś Wojciech , Glik Justyna , Klama‐Baryła Agnieszka , Kitala Diana , Kraut Małgorzata , Maj Mariusz , Nowak Mariusz , Misiuga Marcelina , Marcinkowski Andrzej , Trzebicka Barbara , Poloczek Ryszard , Kawecki Marek
Published: March 2017

The most efficient method in III° burn treatment is the use of the autologous split thickness skin grafts that were donated from undamaged body area. The main limitation of this method is lack of suitable donor sites. Tissue engineering is a useful tool to solve this problem. The goal of this study was to find the most efficient way of producing biovital skin substitute based on in house produced acellular dermal matrix ADM and in vitro cultured fibroblasts. Sixty samples of sterilized human allogeneic skin (that came from 10 different donors) were used to examine the influence of decellularizing substances on extracellular matrix and clinical usefulness of the test samples of allogeneic human dermis. Six groups of acellular dermal matrix were studied: ADM‐1 control group, ADM‐2 research group (24 h incubation in 0.05% trypsin/EDTA solution), ADM‐3 research group (24 h incubation in 0.025% trypsin/EDTA solution), ADM‐4 research group (24 h incubation in 0.05% trypsin/EDTA solution and 4 h incubation in 0,1% SDS), ADM‐5 research group (24 h incubation in 0.025% trypsin/EDTA solution and 4 h incubation in 0,1% SDS), and ADM‐6 research group (24 h incubation in 0,1% SDS). Obtained ADMs were examined histochemically and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). ADMs were settled by human fibroblasts. The number of cultured cells and their vitality were measured. The obtained results indicated that the optimal method for production of living skin substitutes is colonization of autologous fibroblasts on the scaffold prepared by the incubation of human allogeneic dermis in 0.05% trypsin/EDTA. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 726–733, 2018.
Enhanced intestinal absorption of curcumin in Caco‐2 cell monolayer using mucoadhesive nanostructured lipid carriers
Authors: Chanburee Sanipon , Tiyaboonchai Waree
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to compare the intestinal permeation of curcumin‐loaded polymer coated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and uncoated NLCs using the Caco‐2 cell model. The uncoated NLCs were prepared using a warm microemulsion technique, while polymer‐coated NLCs were prepared with the same method but were followed by coating particle surface with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). After lyophilization, all formulations possessed a mean size of <400 nm with a zeta potential of ∼–30 mV and a high entrapment efficacy up to 90%. All NLCs formulation showed significantly improvement in curcumin water solubility, more than 60‐folds as compared to curcumin dispersion. In addition, they could protect curcumin from degradation in basic pH, 90% curcumin remaining after 6 h incubation in culture medium. In vitro permeation studies revealed that PEG–NLCs and PVA–NLCs provided significantly higher apparent permeation coefficient (Papp) value than uncoated NLCs. Moreover, after 6 months storage at 4 °C in the absence of sunlight, the physical, and chemical stabilities of the lyophilized curcumin‐loaded polymer coated NLCs and uncoated NLCs could be maintained, i.e., the mean particle size and the amount of curcumin showed no significant changes (p > 0.05) compared to those freshly prepared formulations. Considered overall, polymer coated NLCs are an important strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of curcumin. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 734–741, 2018.
New approach for vertical bone regeneration using in situ gelling and sustained BMP‐2 releasing poly(phosphazene) hydrogel system on peri‐implant site with critical defect in a canine model
Authors: Seo Bo‐Bae , Chang Hae‐Im , Choi Hyuck , Koh Jeong‐Tae , Yun Kwi‐Dug , Lee Jae‐Yeol , Song Soo‐Chang
Published: March 2017

An injectable hydrogel system with sustained bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) release ability was developed for vertical bone regeneration at peri‐implant sites and enhanced osseointegration of dental implants. In three young male beagle dogs, a pair of defects was created on both sides of the mandibular bone. Next, two implants were transplanted into each defect. In situ gelling polymer solutions with or without BMP‐2 were applied to cover the implants and mandibular defects. The effects of the in situ gelling and sustained BMP‐2 releasing (IGSR) hydrogel system on peri‐implant bone regeneration were evaluated by radiologic examination, micro‐computed tomography, and histomorphometric analysis. Twelve weeks after the treatment, significant bone generation at the peri‐implant site occurred following BMP‐2/IGSR hydrogel treatment. Bone volume and mineral density were increased by 1.7‐ and 1.3‐fold, respectively (p < 0.01 and 0.05 vs. control, respectively) for the BMP‐2/IGSR hydrogel system. And, 0.57–0.31 mm vertical bone generation was observed at the peri‐implant site for the BMP‐2/IGSR hydrogel system, while rare vertical bone generation occurred in the control group. The BMP‐2/IGSR hydrogel system significantly increased bone to implant contact % between induced bone and existing bone (p < 0.05 and 0.01 vs. control).

These vertical bone regeneration and higher osseointegration levels demonstrated the effectiveness of the BMP‐2/IGSR hydrogel system. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 751–759, 2018.
Identification and characterization of site‐specific N‐glycosylation in the potassium channel Kv3.1b
Authors: Vicente Paul Christian , Kim Jin Young , Ha Jeong‐Ju , Song Min‐Young , Lee Hyun‐Kyung , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Choi Jin‐Sung , Park Kang‐Sik
Published: March 2017

The potassium ion channel Kv3.1b is a member of a family of voltage‐gated ion channels that are glycosylated in their mature form. In the present study, we demonstrate the impact of N‐glycosylation at specific asparagine residues on the trafficking of the Kv3.1b protein. Large quantities of asparagine 229 (N229)‐glycosylated Kv3.1b reached the plasma membrane, whereas N220‐glycosylated and unglycosylated Kv3.1b were mainly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These ER‐retained Kv3.1b proteins were susceptible to degradation, when co‐expressed with calnexin, whereas Kv3.1b pools located at the plasma membrane were resistant. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed a complex type Hex3HexNAc4Fuc1 glycan as the major glycan component of the N229‐glycosylated Kv3.1b protein, as opposed to a high‐mannose type Man8GlcNAc2 glycan for N220‐glycosylated Kv3.1b. Taken together, these results suggest that trafficking‐dependent roles of the Kv3.1b potassium channel are dependent on N229 site‐specific glycosylation and N‐glycan structure, and operate through a mechanism whereby specific N‐glycan structures regulate cell surface expression.
[Bis‐(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene‐Mediated Oxidative Direct Amination C–N Bond Formation: Synthesis of 1H‐Indazoles
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Huang Yuanyuan , Huang Guoqing , Zhang Guisheng , Liu Qingfeng
Published: March 2017

An efficient [bis‐(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA)‐mediated oxidative C‐N bond formation is developed for the synthesis of 1H‐indazoles from readily available arylhydrazones. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and has broad scope of substrates. Moreover, this method is a relative green and reliable method for rapid preparation of substituted 1H‐indazoles under mild conditions.
Retracted: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Trifluoro Substituted 2‐Aminobenzimidazole Derivatives via Iodoacetic Acid Mediated One‐pot Condensation
Authors: Sriram R. , Sapthagiri R. , Ilavarasan L. , Ravi A.
Published: March 2017

Microwave‐assisted efficient one‐pot syntheses of trifluoro substituted 2‐aminobenzimidazole derivative were synthesized using iodoacetic acid mediated cyclodesulfurization of thioureas. This method eliminates need to handle preformed substituted thioureas, requires lesser reaction time and temperature, is facile, and also gives higher yields of the target molecules.
Synthesis of Furanone Derivatives Using 15‐Nonacosanole Extracted from Fumaria officinalis in the Presence of KF/Clinoptilolite Nanoparticles
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Masoumeh , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Rostami‐Charati Faramarz , Vaseghi Samaneh , Rostamian Rezvaneh
Published: March 2017

Synthesis of a variety of furanone derivatives is described using multicomponent reaction of 15‐nonacosanole extracted from Fumaria officinalis, electron‐deficient acetylenic compounds, and epoxides in the presence of catalytic amount of nano KF/Clinoptilolite. Aerial parts of F. officinalis were collected from Alborz Mountains (north of Iran) in September 2014. Voucher specimens (2625T) were deposited in the chemistry department of Qaemshahr University in Mazandaran‐Iran.
Declining antibody levels after hepatitis B vaccination in Down syndrome: A need for booster vaccination?
Authors: Eijsvoogel Noortje B. , Hollegien Mirjam I. , Bok Vinus L. A. , Derksen−Lubsen Arda G. , Dikken Felix P. J. , Leenders Sander A. C. A. P. , Pijning Arjan. , Post Erica , Wojciechowski Marek , Hilbink Mirrian , de Vries Esther
Published: March 2017

We determined the anti‐HBs titer in 227 children of all ages with Down syndrome (DS). Only 48.1% (95%CI: 35.1‐61.3) of the DS children aged 7‐10 years and 31.9% (95%CI: 22.1‐43.6) of the DS children aged >10 years had a protective anti‐HBs titer (≥10 IU/L). The geometric mean anti‐HBs titer was significantly lower in the DS children; this suggests booster vaccination for HBV may be needed.
Baseline knee adduction moment interacts with body mass index to predict loss of medial tibial cartilage volume over 2.5 years in knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Brisson Nicholas M. , Wiebenga Emily G. , Stratford Paul W. , Beattie Karen A. , Totterman Saara , Tamez‐Peña José G. , Callaghan Jack P. , Adachi Jonathan D. , Maly Monica R.
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to determine the extent to which changes over 2.5 years in medial knee cartilage thickness and volume were predicted by: (1) Peak values of the knee adduction (KAM) and flexion moments; and (2) KAM impulse and loading frequency, representing cumulative load, after controlling for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Adults with clinical knee osteoarthritis participated. At baseline and approximately 2.5 years follow‐up, cartilage thickness and volume of the medial tibia and femur were segmented from magnetic resonance imaging scans. Gait kinematics and kinetics, and daily knee loading frequency were also collected at baseline. Multiple linear regressions predicted changes in cartilage morphology from baseline gait mechanics. Data were collected from 52 participants (41 women) [age 61.0 (6.9) y; BMI 28.5 (5.7) kg/m2] over 2.56 (0.51) years. There were significant KAM peak‐by‐BMI (p = 0.023) and KAM impulse‐by‐BMI (p = 0.034) interactions, which revealed that larger joint loads in those with higher BMIs were associated with greater loss of medial tibial cartilage volume. In conclusion, with adjustments for age, sex, and cartilage measurement at baseline, large magnitude KAM peak and KAM impulse each interacted with BMI to predict loss of cartilage volume of the medial tibia over 2.5 years among individuals with knee osteoarthritis. These data suggest that, in clinical knee osteoarthritis, exposure to large KAMs may be detrimental to cartilage in those with larger BMIs. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2476–2483, 2017.
Nocturnal habitat selection of bats using occupancy models
Authors: Pauli Benjamin P. , Zollner Patrick A. , Haulton G. Scott
Published: March 2017

Threats to North American bat species necessitate the quantification of bat habitat. To characterize bat habitat, we recorded bat echolocation calls from state forests in Indiana, USA. We identified calls using automated classification software and constructed detection histories for 3 species of conservation concern: Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), and northern long‐eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis). We analyzed these data using single‐ and multi‐species occupancy approaches to estimate occurrence and detection probabilities at the genus level (Myotis) and for each species separately. We constructed models using a suite of habitat covariates (e.g., forest cover, edge, streams, hibernacula, public roads) and determined the effect of these features on occupancy for each species (or group). We validated all models using training and independent data. Occupancy of all species was affected by the proportion of forest in surrounding areas. For most models, bat occupancy was greatest in areas with a lower proportion of forest within 1 km. Occupancy was also often greatest in recently harvested or intact, mature second‐growth stands as opposed to stands 10–30 years following harvest. The spatial configuration of water and roads also affected species occupancy. Our methods allowed us to assess the factors that affect occupancy for the genus and individual species, thus allowing for the identification of features useful in classifying important habitat at both taxonomic levels. The results of this study can aid land managers in identifying habitat that may be used by foraging bats and in planning future timber harvests in managed forests. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Rational Design of a Conductive Collagen Heart Patch
Authors: Sherrell Peter C. , Cieślar‐Pobuda Artur , Ejneby Malin Silverå , Sammalisto Laura , Gelmi Amy , de Muinck Ebo , Brask Johan , Łos Marek J. , Rafat Mehrdad
Published: March 2017

Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, are the cause of significant morbidity and mortality globally. Tissue engineering is a key emerging treatment method for supporting and repairing the cardiac scar tissue caused by myocardial infarction. Creating cell supportive scaffolds that can be directly implanted on a myocardial infarct is an attractive solution. Hydrogels made of collagen are highly biocompatible materials that can be molded into a range of shapes suitable for cardiac patch applications. The addition of mechanically reinforcing materials, carbon nanotubes, at subtoxic levels allows for the collagen hydrogels to be strengthened, up to a toughness of 30 J m−1 and a two to threefold improvement in Youngs' modulus, thus improving their viability as cardiac patch materials. The addition of carbon nanotubes is shown to be both nontoxic to stem cells, and when using single‐walled carbon nanotubes, supportive of live, beating cardiac cells, providing a pathway for the further development of a cardiac patch.

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To catch an intruder: Part A—uncluttered scenario
Authors: Atkinson Michael P. , Kress Moshe , Szechtman Roberto
Published: March 2017

We analyze an interdiction scenario where an interceptor attempts to catch an intruder as the intruder moves through the area of interest. A motivating example is the detection and interdiction of drug smuggling vessels in the Eastern Pacific and Caribbean. We study two models in this article. The first considers a nonstrategic target that moves through the area without taking evasive action to avoid the interdictor. We determine the optimal location the interceptor should position itself to best respond when a target arrives. The second model analyzes the strategic interaction between the interceptor and intruder using a Blotto approach. The intruder chooses a route to travel on and the interceptor chooses a route to patrol. We model the interaction as a two‐player game with a bilinear payoff function. We compute the optimal strategy for both players and examine several extensions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 64: 29–40, 2017
Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of silver‐doped hydroxyapatite collagen biocomposite
Authors: Predoi Daniela , Iconaru Simona Liliana , Albu Madalina , Petre Cristian Catalin , Jiga Gabriel
Published: March 2017

Silver‐doped hydroxyapatite (AgHAp) was prepared by co‐precipitation method at room temperature. The obtained AgHAp was added in different amounts of collagen gel (AgHApC1 and AgHApC2). Afterward, the gel was lyophilized and the final AgHApC1 and AgHApC2 composite was achieved. The purity, crystallinity, and the phase composition of the AgHAp, AgHApC1, and AgHApC2 samples were evaluated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The planes corresponding to the 2θ values for hydroxyapatite were found in the three samples analyzed in agreement with the crystalline hydroxyapatite. In the Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra of AgHApC1 and AgHApC2 samples the peak characteristic to the presence of ν2 phosphate mode at 472/cm was found. The peaks resulting from the ν4 vibration of the P–O mode, ν1 symmetric P–O stretching vibration and ν3 P–O stretching vibration of
were also evidenced in all the samples. The formation of agglomerated particles with uniform particle size was evidenced by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The uniform distribution of the constituent elements was evidenced by mapping analysis. Furthermore, the strong antibacterial activity of AgHAp, AgHApC1, and AgHApC2 samples against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains was shown. The inhibition zone increased drastically with the increase of silver concentration. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:537–545, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Immobilization of AIEgens into metal‐organic frameworks: Ligand design, emission behavior, and applications
Authors: Gui Bo , Yu Na , Meng Yi , Hu Fang , Wang Cheng
Published: March 2017

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), in which the luminophores are highly emissive in aggregate state, is one of the most unique photophysical phenomena and has shown interesting applications in many areas. The immobilization of AIE luminogens (AIEgens) into metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), which are inorganic‐organic hybrid porous materials with tunable and predictable structures, has been investigated over the past few years. These well‐defined porous frameworks cannot only provide an ideal platform for studying the mechanism of AIE phenomenon in solid state, but also show potential applications from sensing to white light‐emitting diodes. In this highlight, we will summarize the recent progress of AIEgens‐based MOFs, including ligand design, emission behavior, and applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1809–1817
Synthesis of photoactive single‐chain folded polymeric nanoparticles via combination of radical polymerization techniques and Menschutkin click chemistry
Authors: Babaoglu Secil , Karaca Balta Demet , Temel Gokhan
Published: March 2017

This contribution reports that synthesis of polystyrene based photoactive polymeric nanoparticles by radical copolymerization and Menschutkin Chemistry methodology. In the first step, poly(styrene‐co‐chloromethyl styrene) was achieved by thermally initiated radical copolymerizations and subsequently copolymers were reacted to commercially available Type II photoiniator (Michler's ketone) in dilute condition in order to achieve intramolecular crosslinked polymeric nanoparticles. After the characterization studies, polymeric nanoparticles were used for free radical photopolymerization of methacrylic formulations to determine the initiation efficiency. Upon UV irradiation, resulting polymeric nanoparticle lost its globular structure by releasing benzophenone part and transformed into linear copolymer analogue. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1998–2003
Lagrange function method for energy optimization directly in the space of natural orbitals
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Jian , Lischka Hans
Published: March 2017

We propose a Lagrange method to obtain the electronic energy directly in the space of natural orbitals. The Lagrange function contains constraints to force the off‐diagonal elements of the one‐particle density matrix to zero, so the molecular orbitals converge to the natural orbitals simultaneously while the energy minimizes. The recently discovered “generalized Pauli conditions” for the occupation numbers are invoked to generate an initial approximation. As a demonstration of this approach, we study the system of three electrons in six orbitals which has become a paradigm for investigating multi‐particle entanglement.
Coregistered Hyperspectral and Stereo Image Seafloor Mapping from an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Bongiorno Daniel L. , Bryson Mitch , Bridge Tom C. L. , Dansereau Donald G. , Williams Stefan B.
Published: March 2017

We present a new method for in situ high‐resolution hyperspectral mapping of the seafloor utilizing a spectrometer colocated and coregistered with a high‐resolution color stereo camera system onboard an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Hyperspectral imagery data have been used extensively for mapping and distinguishing marine seafloor habitats and organisms from above‐water platforms (such as satellites and aircraft), but at low spatial resolutions and at shallow water depths (<10 m). The use of hyperspectral sensing from in‐water platforms (such as AUVs) has the potential to provide valuable habitat data in deeper waters and with high spatial resolution. Challenges faced by in‐water hyperspectral imaging include difficulties in correcting for water column effects and the spatial registration of point/line‐scan hyperspectral sensor measurements. The methods developed in this paper overcome these issues through coregistration with a high spatial resolution, stereo color camera, and precise modeling and compensation of the water column properties that attenuate hyperspectral signals. We integrated two spectrometers into our SeaBED class AUV, and one on‐board a support surface vessel to measure and estimate the effects of light passing through the water column. Spatial calibration of the spectrometers/stereo cameras and the synchronized acquisition of both sensors allowed for spatial registration of the resulting hyperspectral reflectance profiles. We demonstrate resulting hyperspectral imagery maps with a spatial resolution of 30 cm over large areas of the seafloor that are not adversely effected by above‐water conditions (such as cloud cover) that would typically prevent the use of remote‐sensing methods. Results are presented from an AUV mapping survey of a coral reef ecosystem over Pakhoi Bank on the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, demonstrating the ability to reconstruct hyperspectral reflectance profiles for a diverse range of abiotic and biotic coverage types including sand, corals, seagrass, and algae. Profiles are then used to automatically classify different coverage types with a 10‐fold cross validation accuracy of 91.99% using a linear support vector machine (SVM).
An Acoustic Network Navigation System
Authors: Munafò Andrea , Ferri Gabriele
Published: March 2017

This work describes a system for acoustic‐based navigation that relies on the addition of localization services to underwater networks. The localization capability has been added on top of an existing network, without imposing constraints on its structure/operation. The approach is based on the inclusion of timing information within acoustic messages through which it is possible to know the time of an acoustic transmission in relation to its reception. Exploiting such information at the network application level makes it possible to create an interrogation scheme similar to that of a long baseline. The advantage is that the nodes/autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) themselves become the transponders of a network baseline, and hence there is no need for dedicated instrumentation. The paper reports at sea results obtained from the COLLAB–NGAS14 experimental campaign. During the sea trial, the approach was implemented within an operational network in different configurations to support the navigation of the two Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation Ocean Explorer (CMRE OEX) vehicles. The obtained results demonstrate that it is possible to support AUV navigation without constraining the network design and with a minimum communication overhead. Alternative solutions (e.g., synchronized clocks or two‐way‐travel‐time interrogations) might provide higher precision or accuracy, but they come at the cost of impacting on the network design and/or on the interrogation strategies. Results are discussed, and the performance achieved at sea demonstrates the viability to use the system in real, large‐scale operations involving multiple AUVs. These results represent a step toward location‐aware underwater networks that are able to provide node localization as a service.
Nano‐sized Recyclable PdO Supported Carbon Nanostructures for Heck Reaction: Influence of Carbon Materials
Authors: Lakshminarayana Bhairi , Mahendar Lodi , Ghosal P. , Satyanarayana Gedu , Subrahmanyam Ch.
Published: March 2017

Palladium oxide (PdO) supported carbon nanomaterials were designed and tested for Heck olefination of aryl halides. Various carbonaceous materials, such as single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), carbon nanofiber (CNF), graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were screened as support for PdO nanoparticles. The structural and phase formation of PdO on carbon materials was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, whereas, surface area and porous nature of the carbon materials was confirmed by N2 adsorption studies. The morphology of the materials was studied by electron microscopy. Among these catalysts, PdO/GO catalyst showed the best catalytic activity (turnover number 410 and frequency 205 h‐1) for the Heck olefination and the catalyst was reused successfully up to 3 cycles, which confirms the true heterogeneous nature.
Alkyl Substituted Cucurbit[6]uril Assisted Competitive Fluorescence Recognition of Lysine and Methionine in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Bai Qinghong , Zhang Shaowei , Chen Hongrong , Sun Tao , Redshaw Carl , Zhang Jian‐Xin , Ni Xin‐Long , Wei Gang , Tao Zhu
Published: March 2017

The use of competitive ratiometric fluorescence indicator displacement chemosensors derived from two alkyl substituted cucurbit[6]uril‐based host‐guest complexes is reported. In particular, the differing binding abilities of two cucurbit[6]uril derivatives towards the target analytes led to a useful ratiometric detection signal output for the discrimination of lysine and methionine versus the other tested α‐amino acids in aqueous solution.
Fundamentals and Applications of Metasurfaces
Authors: Hsiao Hui‐Hsin , Chu Cheng Hung , Tsai Din Ping
Published: March 2017

Metasurfaces have become a rapidly growing field of research in recent years due to their exceptional abilities in light manipulation and versatility in ultrathin optical applications. They also significantly benefit from their simplified fabrication process compared to metamaterials and are promising for integration with on‐chip nanophotonic devices owing to their planar profiles. The recent progress in metasurfaces is reviewed and they are classified into six categories according to their underlying physics for realizing full 2π phase manipulation. Starting from multi‐resonance and gap‐plasmon metasurfaces that rely on the geometric effect of plasmonic nanoantennas, Pancharatnam–Berry‐phase metasurfaces, on the other hand, use identical nanoantennas with varying rotation angles. The recent development of Huygens' metasurfaces and all‐dielectric metasurfaces especially benefit from highly efficient transmission applications. An overview of state‐of‐the‐art fabrication technologies is introduced, ranging from the commonly used processes such as electron beam and focused‐ion‐beam lithography to some emerging techniques, such as self‐assembly and nanoimprint lithography. A variety of functional materials incorporated to reconfigurable or tunable metasurfaces is also presented. Finally, a few of the current intriguing metasurface‐based applications are discussed, and opinions on future prospects are provided.