bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of AKM-Based Mathematics Questions in the Adiwiyata Context to Train Students' Numeracy Skills
Authors: Taufiqoh Taufiqoh , Supratman Supratman , Ni’mah Khomsatun
Published: January 2024

This study aims to produce AKM-based mathematics questions in the Adiwiyata context that are valid and practical and potentially affect the numeracy abilities of class X and XI MA students. The research method used is a development studies type design, which consists of two stages: the preliminary and formative evaluation. Data collection techniques used were walk-throughs, interviews, questionnaires and tests. The validity of the questions is obtained from the results of the validator's assessment in terms of content, construct, and language at the expert review stage and the clarity and readability of the questions based on students' comments and suggestions at the one-to-one stage. The practicality of the questions is obtained at the small group stage based on the questionnaire results. The potential effect of questions is obtained at the field test stage based on test and questionnaire results. This research produced 30 mathematics questions based on AKM contexts that were valid and practical and potentially affected numeracy abilities. The results of testing mathematics questions based on AKM in the Adiwiyata context showed that 44.87% of the 156 (26 students x 6 questions) analyzed answer items were identified as correct answers. As many as 44.23% of the 52 subjects (26 students x 2 questions) could solve knowing-level questions. As many as 48.7% of 78 subjects (26 students x 3 questions) could solve questions at the applying cognitive level, and 42.3% of 26 (26 students x 1 question) subjects could solve questions at the cognitive reasoning level.
Learning Motivation Viewed from Goal Orientation, Self-Confidence Control, Test Anxiety and Student Assignment Value
Authors: Wardana Muhammad Rafli Faishal , In’am Akhsanul , Zukhurufurrohmah  , Milshteyn Yula
Published: January 2024

Students’ confidence will be more curious, willing to try new things, and take chances. Self-confidence is a state of mind where a person feels confident in his ability to carry out various tasks and dares to voice his opinion in front of others. The importance of students' work as a learning outcome depends on their level of self-confidence. This study aims to determine whether there is a significant influence between learning motivation and learning outcomes in mathematics. This study uses a quantitative approach using regression analysis. The population in this study were all grade 9 students at SMPN 11 Pasuruan City, while the sample in this research was 118 grade 9 students. The sampling technique used was random sampling. Learning motivation data was collected through a learning motivation questionnaire while learning outcomes data was taken from UAS score data at the school. The data was then analyzed using the t-test. The results showed a significant influence between learning motivation and students' mathematics learning outcomes. The study results prove that goal orientation, control beliefs, and bag anxiety strongly influence the value of the task; therefore, to foster a self-confident attitude, students must have a target score or grade to achieve. These three things influence students' learning motivation to influence the value of assignments. The motivation to learn mathematics in class IX of SMP Negeri 11 Pasuruan City.
A corpus-based analysis of vocabulary usage in English writings by Korean elementary school students.
Authors:   The Korea Association Of Primary English Education, Joo Sung Jae
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze the English writings of Korean elementary school students and assess their English vocabulary usage. In order to collect their writings, 226 fourth-grade students and 199 sixth-grade students across three different elementary schools in Korea were selected as participants. A total of 413 self-introductions written by students in English were compiled and analyzed using several corpus analysis programs. The comparative analysis of the students’ English writings revealed that the students who participated in this study had varying English learning experiences. In addition, the statistical results of the analysis showed that the discrepancy of the students’ learning experiences can affect their ability to use English vocabulary in writing. However, the students used the same words in their English writing at a high rate. Considering the accordance rate with the basic vocabulary usage of the English curriculum, students with lower writing levels had a tendency to use basic words compared to those with higher writing levels. The results of this study suggest that vocabulary usage and writing competency can be affected by the students’ educational experiences and socio-economic status, as well as their individual abilities. Furthermore, directions for improving vocabulary education within English curriculum are also discussed
R principles for circular economy in the textile industry – a mini-review
Authors: Schnatmann Anna Katharina , Schoden Fabian , Ehrmann Andrea , Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp Eva
Published: January 2024

Textiles are used by humans for many purposes, from clothing to technical applications such as geotextiles, agrotextiles, or medical textiles. However, in addition to their importance, textiles are also responsible for various types of environmental pollution along the entire textile chain, from production, transport and trade to daily use to their end-of-life. Here we provide a brief overview of current approaches to establishing R principles in the textile industry in order to transform the recent linear structures into a circular economy and show in which areas there is a particular need for research and action.
The use of phosphorescence micromaterials for commercial textile products
Authors: Mahltig Boris , Heil Clara , Kaub Sarah , Kapadiya Jaydip Nareshbhai
Published: January 2024

Fluorescent textile products are manifold used. Compared to fluorescent textiles, phosphorescent textile products exhibit an afterglow effect even after the illumination is stopped. Phosphorescent textiles are less present as commercial products on the market. With this background the aim of the actual presentation is to investigate the properties of commercially available phosphorescent textile materials. Investigations are performed by illumination under different light arrangement. Microscopy is performed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and advanced light microscopy using UV light. Light emission of the samples is recorded by fluorescence spectroscopy. The chemical composition is determined by using electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Depending on the type of sample, an afterglow effect can be determined up to 5 to 30 minutes after stopping the illumination with UV light. By SEM and EDS methods it is observed that the phosphorescent effects are realized by application of phosphorescent pigments, which can be best described as phosphorescent micromaterials. Depending on the product category, two different types of phosphorescent materials are used – doped strontium aluminates (SrAl2O4) and zinc sulfide (ZnS). Products based on doped strontium aluminates exhibit longer afterglow effects compared to products with ZnS pigments. However, the use of doped strontium aluminate is quite surprising for a commercial textile product, because of cost reasons. Finally, it can be stated that phosphorescent micromaterials are established materials for realization of functional textile products. These micromaterials can be found in every day products and are examples for innovative particle technology used in commercial consumer products.
Deal with Diabetes in Yogic Way –A Case Study
Authors:   Scholar, Faculty of Health & Wellness, Sri University, India, S Saha
Published: January 2024

Diabetes has become an epidemic for past few years worldwide. It is a condition when blood glucose level rises abnormally and can’t be used by the cells of the body because of no or poor production of the insulin by the pancreas. It can lead to serious damage to the heart, eyes, kidneys, feet, blood vessels and nerves over time, if proper care has not been taken in time. Being in yoga profession, I have come across a few people who are diabetes patients of type II category. I make them practice some simple yoga postures combined with breathing techniques to see the change in their condition. All the practitioners reported positive results. However, one case report has been taken for this article. A male subject of age 67 years, with yogic intervention overcomes his fluctuating sugar level and the same have come down to normal range only after a few months of practice. Diabetes is one of the major non-communicable killer diseases nowadays, but Yoga can be a key support to improve the condition with other health care treatment. People of varied capacity and age groups may practice them for the management of diabetes.
Effect of Yoga Nidra Practice on the Sleep Quality of University Students
Authors:   Assistant Professor, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, Kumar Pranav , Pandey Harshvardhan ,   Research Scholar, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Sleep is one of the basic needs for survival and quality of life however there is poor awareness about sleep quality in general. The prevalence of sleep issues is concerning worldwide among all age groups, especially in the adolescent and young population. Apart from the currently used interventions like Sleep hygiene, the practice of Yoga Nidra is found to reap benefits in improving sleep quality in the clinical population. Its effectiveness can be explored on university students with sleep issues. Methodology: The study was conducted at Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha. The participants were university students (Age 18 to 28 years), 26 participants (20 males, 6 females) were selected for the study using a screening tool- Sleep Disorder Questionnaire out of 80. The participants were given a 10 day intervention of Yoga Nidra using a twenty minutes recorded version by H.H. Sri Sri Ravishankar Ji. The data was collected using a standardized sleep quality instrument- Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure the quality and patterns of sleep in adults. Results: The analysis shows that there is a significant difference between Pre (M=7.42, SD=3.06) and Post (M=4.69, SD=2.81) scores of Global PSQI t (25) =4.984, p<0.05. There was a positive effect of the practice of Yoga Nidra with post scores being significantly lower than the pre scores on five components namely Subjective sleep quality, Sleep latency, Sleep duration, Habitual Sleep efficiency and Daytime dysfunction. There was a non-significant difference found in Sleep disturbance and a negative trend in the Use of sleep medication although it was non-significant. The results suggest that Yoga Nidra may be an effective technique for university students to reduce sleep issues and improve sleep quality.
A Practical Approach to the Eight Limbs of Yoga
Authors:   Research Scholar (Yogic Science), Department of Health & Wellness, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, India, Sharma Divya
Published: January 2024

An overview of yogic philosophy can be found in the Yoga Sutras. Patanjali penned them in the middle Ages, 500 BC. These sutras outline the eight limbs of yoga, or the many ways to practise yoga on a mental, physical, and spiritual level. Ashtanga refers to the eight limbs of the yoga practise described by Patanjali in the Yoga Sutra. Following these eight rules will help you live a life that matters. They teach us about right and wrong conduct and the value of self-control, which can help us, avoid harm and preserve our health.
The Diabetic Issues Related to a Familial Case of Hemoglobin Wayne: A Case Report and Review
Authors:   Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA, Royce Nicholas , McClanahan Evan ,   Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA, Harris Erika ,   Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA, Chongswatdi Nick ,   Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA, Curtis Carolyn ,   Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA, M Franks Adam ,   Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
Published: January 2024

Diabetes is a common disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that produces significant complications when either poorly treated or overtreated. Before 1978, the HgbA1c modality was not available to diagnose or monitor diabetes but now has become the standard of care. The results from this laboratory test are proportional to the glycosylation of hemoglobin and represents an accepted measure of glycemic control. Effects of hemoglobinopathies depend on their quaternary structure and have been shown to have impact HgbA1c results. Hgb Wayne is a rare hemoglobinopathy that occurs from a frameshift mutation in which either an asparagine (Hgb Wayne 1) or aspartic acid (Hgb Wayne 2) is located at residue 139 of the HBA2 gene. When separated by electrophoresis, this peak appears very close to that of the HgbA1c. Most HgbA1c monitoring equipment is either electrophoresis or ion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography which combine these two peaks together as one, falsely elevating the patient’s HgbA1c level. This co-elution can create an incongruity between HgbA1c levels and those of random glucose readings. Acting upon a falsely elevated HgbA1c with medication risks life-threatening hypoglycemia. In these following cases, this is explored with two related patients diagnosed independently by separate physicians in the same practice.
أثر متغيرات السياسة النقدية في التضخم الركودي للعراق للمدة 2004-2021
Authors: مصطفى فرهاد , نعمة سمير , عبيد صلاح
Published: January 2024

سعت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة مدى أثر متغيرات السياسة النقدية في معالجة التضخم الركودي من خلال تحليل البيانات الخاصة بالاقتصاد العراقي للمدة (2004-2021). اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي في تقديم مفهوم السياسة النقدية وعمل متغيراتها وأثرها في معالجة مشكلة التضخم الركودي للعراق، من خلال استخدام الاسلوب الكمي والتحليلي لقياس تلك العلاقة، والدراسة توصلت الى ان هناك تأثير لتلك المتغيرات في التضخم الركودي، حيث أن 81% من التغيرات في التضخم الركودي سببها هي متغيرات السياسة النقدية، وكان الاثر الأكبر والمعنوي في تلك المتغيرات هو سعر الصرف وهذا بكل تأكيد مطابق لمنطق النظرية الاقتصادية بناءً على خصائص الاقتصاد العراقي.
دور أتمتة النظام الضريبي الكمركي في زيادة نسبة الايرادات الضريبية في تمويل الموازنة العامة من اجمالي الناتج المحلي
Authors: عزب سامي , ياسين الصفار احمد
Published: January 2024

يهدف البحث الى وصف وتحليل دورالأتمتة  في زيادة  نسبة الايرادات الضريبية في الموازنة العامة من اجمالي الناتج المحلي لدول مختارة  التي خاضت تجربة ادخال الأتمتة في النظام الضريبي الكمركي وتحويله من نظام ضريبي تقليدي الى نظام حديث مبني على الاجهزة التقنية وذلك من خلال ملاحظة تغير نسبة هذه الايرادات ومتوسطاتها ماقبل تطبيق الأتمتة وبعدها وزيادة الحصيلة الضريبية وامتثال دافعيها والحد من عملية التهرب الضريبي، وتم مقارنة نسبة الايرادات الضريبية في الموازنة العامة للدول من اجالي الناتج المحلي لهذه الدول قبل تطبيق الأتمتة وبعدها وتم اخذ هذه البيانات من صندوق النقد الدولي والبنوك المركزية في عدد من الدول النامية وخلال المدة  (1997-2021)، وتم تقسم هذه المدة الى خمس فترات متساوية وتم مقارنة متوسط نسبة الايرادات الضريبية فيما بينها من خلال تحليل هذه البيانات واستخراج المتوسطات الحسابية قبل تطبيق الأتمتة وبعدها اضافة الى قياس متغيرات الدراسة عن طريق برنامج (Eviews 12) ومخرجاته، وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها زيادة نسبة الايرادات الضريبية في الموازنة العامة للدول من اجمالي ناتجها المحلي التي خاضت تجربة أتمتة النظام الضريبي الكمركي بعد تطبيق الأتمتة من خلال ملاحظة زيادة نسبتها، وتوصلت ايضاً الى أن هناك علاقة ارتباط معنوية ذات دلالة احصائية بين الايرادات الضريبية في الموازنة العامة للدول من اجمالي الناتج المحلي ونسبة ايرادات الضرائب الكمركية من إجمالي الايرادات الضريبية، واوصت الدراسة باصلاح النظام الضريبي العراقي وإعادة هيكلته من الجوانب الادارية والقانونية ومكافحة الفساد المالي والاداري في مختلف المؤسسات الضريبية وخاصة المنافذ الحدودية باعتبار الضرائب الكمركية تساهم بنسبة كبيرة في الايرادات الضريبية والتي تمول الموازنة العمة للدولة، واجراء المزيد من الدراسات حول هذه الموضوع.
All solid-state fabrication strategy of CdS@ZnS nanocomposites and their photocatalytic performance in water purification
Authors: Burashev G. , Tatykayev B. , Baláž M. , Khan N. , Seysembekova A. , Tugelbay S. , Turgynbay N. , Burkitbayev M. , Shalabayev Zh.
Published: January 2024

Herein a systematic study of two-step solid-phase synthesis of CdS@ZnS nanocomposites and their photocatalytic activity is presented. First, CdS nanoparticles were synthesized in a planetary ball mill through a solid-state ion exchange reaction. In the second step, Cd2+ ions were partially replaced by Zn2+ ions at the surface of the nanoparticles using solvent free long-term activation in a high-energy planetary ball mill. The optimal activation time in a ball mill was determined to be 45 min. Spherical CdS nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 nm and modified CdS@ZnS (45 min) nanocomposites  were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The ability of nanocomposites for photocatalytic water purification was tested on the degradation of the model organic dye Orange II in an aqueous solution under the visible light irradation. The modified CdS@ZnS nanocomposites showed higher photocatalytic activity compared to the original CdS nanoparticles.
Decellularization of bone tissue in a supercritical carbon dioxide environment
Authors: Tokpayev R.R. , Shreider E.R. , Ibraimov Z.T. , Shalakhmetova T.M. , Nauryzbayev M.K.
Published: January 2024

The use of pig bone tissue as a graft makes it possible to obtain high-quality, relatively cheap and biocompatible ECM. This is since the mineral composition of pork bone is most similar to the mineral composition of human bone. Decellularization in SC-CO2 is a promising direction, since carbon dioxide easily diffuses into the depth of the cell and is a good solvent for lipids, it is non-flammable, non-toxic and chemically non-aggressive. In this paper, the ECM in SC-CO2 was obtained in three ways: 1) in dynamic mode with large SC-CO2 flows; 2) in static and dynamic modes with large SC-CO2 flows; 3) in static and dynamic modes with large SC-CO2 flows, with preliminary exposure in ethyl alcohol as a co-solvent. According to the histological examination, the removal of ICC by the first method is 55%. The use of a co-solvent before starting the decellularization process increases the percentage of ICC removal to 98%, which allows the use of ECM as a transplant.
Study of Hedysarum theinum (Fabaceae Lindl.) in the flora of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kusmangazinov A.B. , Kurmanbayeva M.S. , Sumbembayev A.A. , Danilova A.N. , Alimtay G.A. , Daulet K.A. , Karabalayeva D.E. , Terletskaya N.V.
Published: January 2024

Analysis of historical data on the distribution of Hedysarum theinum Krasnob. in Kazakhstan presented in this paper is based on herbarium collections kept at the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty and the Digital Herbarium of Moscow State University, Moscow, as well as a list of species of Hedysarum theinum on the Ivanovsky Ridge, Kazakhstani Altai with specimens collected as a result of expedition trips to the study area. The cenoflora includes 176 species from 120 genera and 41 families. The hierarchical order of the leading families is as follows: Asteraceae Dumort, Poaceae Barnhart, Ranunculaceae Juss., Rosaceae Juss. Comparative analysis of life forms shows that short rhizomatous plants prevail – 33%, as taproot plants constitute 24% and tussock plants – 11%. The basis of communities in relation to the temperature, moisture and substrate structure are made of the following ecological groups of plants: mesophytes – 30%, and, in a smaller proportion, of mesohygrophytes – 19%, mesoxerophytes – 20% and mesopsychrophytes – 18%.
Reserve capabilities of the cardiorespiratory system in athletes of certain sports under conditions of intense muscular activity
Authors: Bakhtiyarova Sh.K. , Makashev Y.K. , Zhaksymov B.I. , Makashev Y.E. , Kalekeshov A.M. , Zhunusova A.B. , Kapysheva U.N. , Tazhibaev I.S. , Zhiengazina A.N. , Zhalimbetova Zh.N.
Published: January 2024

This study provides data on the peculiarities of adaptation of the cardiorespiratory system to muscle load in athletes engaged in certain types of martial arts (judo, Thai boxing, MMA, and jiu-jitsu). Changes in physiological indicators such as weight, height, vital capacity, glossopharyngeal inhalation (GI), blood pressure, heart rate, physical performance, endurance according to the physical work capacity test at a heart rate of 170 beats per minute (PWC 170) and membrane patch colorimetry (MPC) tests, and heart rate variability are shown, with the calculation of the main indices of the humoral-vegetative balance. The results showed that the vital capacity of the lungs and tidal volume in athletes were 6-8% lower than the required values and corresponded to the “average level” of the functional capabilities of the respiratory system. Calculations of the Skibinsky, Robinson, and Shapovalova indices showed a functional insufficiency in the adaptation of the cardiorespiratory system to physical activity. Against the background of the development of muscle strength functions, indicators of physical performance and endurance of athletes (PWC 170 and maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) tests) turned out to be “below average” levels in absolute and relative values. To identify hidden functional disorders of the cardiovascular system, variability studies were conducted on heart rate (HRV), the results of which showed that 60% of athletes (in all groups), regardless of the type of sport, had a good level of functional capability of the cardiovascular system. The remaining athletes revealed a low level of adaptation mechanisms and functional state of the cardiorespiratory systems, the reason for which was insufficient training of the body of endurance athletes. Research has shown that athletes who have not previously engaged in special training for endurance and increased performance need to develop cardiorespiratory capabilities that ensure the activity of metabolic processes and replenish energy reserves for successful sports activities.
Seeds diversity of different species in the genus Rhododendron after pre-sowing treatment
Authors: Vostrikova T.V. , Potapov A.Yu. , Stolpovskaya N.V. , Kruzhilin A.A. , Shikhaliev K.S. , Abekova A.M.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the study is the evaluation seeds diversity of different species in the genus Rhododendron after pre-sowing treatment with organic compounds. As the signs of the seeds diversity is understood the seed germination and the seedling height. The research was conducted at the B.M. Kozo-Polyansky Botanical Garden of Voronezh State University (geographic coordinates: E 39°12', N 51°42'; 168.2 meters above sea level), Central Chernozem region (chernozem soil) in 2019-2020. It has been used ornamental shrubs. The study was made about the pyrimidinecarboxylic acids effect on the seed germination and the seedling height of Rhododendron species. The diversity of seeds is manifested in their heterogeneity according to morphological characteristics (the seedling height) and sowing qualities (seed germination) of Rhododendron species. The sowing properties (germinating capacity, seedling growth) were improved after treating the seeds with the organic compounds. There is the trend of increasing the seed germination and the seedling height of Rhododendron depended on the concentration of applied compounds. The seed germination for Rh. ledebourii, Rh. luteum, Rh. molle was increased from 5 to 7%, for Rh. schlippenbachii – from 5 to 10%. The seed treatment with pyrimidinecarboxylic acids at concentrations 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% allows to increase the seedling height for Rh. ledebourii from 37.5 to 75%, for Rh. luteum, Rh. molle - from 18.2 to 45.5%, for Rh. schlippenbachii from 20 to 40% concerning the control. To increase the seedling height, 2-benzylamino-4-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid at concentrations 0.05% and 0.1% is most effective. Morphologically close Rhododendron species (Rh. luteum, Rh. molle) indicated similar reactions to the seed treatment with compounds of the pyrimidinecarboxylic acid series.
Component composition and biological activity of essential oil of plant Zinnia elegans
Authors: Ozturk M. , Sagdollina N.R. , Ibrayeva M.M.
Published: January 2024

By the method of steam distillation, samples of essential oil were obtained from a plant cultivated in the East Kazakhstan region. The essential oil was obtained with a yield in terms of air-dry raw materials. The method of gas-liquid chromatography carried out a quantitative analysis of the components of the essential oil. The quantitative content of essential oil components was calculated from the areas of gas chromatographic peaks without using correction factors. The main components of Zinnia elegans essential oil are α-terpineol, β-myrcene, myrtenal and camphene. Terpineol has a pleasant, lilac-like odor and is a common ingredient in perfumes, cosmetics, and fragrances. Pleasant smelling oily liquid. Myrcene has a large number of beneficial properties for the body, whether pure or in aromatherapy through the essential oils that contain it: Sedative and muscle relaxant, anti-inflammatory, interferon inhibition, gastric and duodenal ulcers, antalgic and antinociceptive, reduces sensitivity to pain by self-healing endogenous derivatives of morphine. Myrtenal - has an anti-inflammatory, resolving effect on acne, infiltrates. Increases the protective barrier of the epidermis. Antioxidant, rejuvenating. Camphene components are effective in the treatment of fungal, viral and bacterial infections that affect the respiratory system.
Sink or Swim? Clinical Objective Tests and Measures Associated with Shoulder Pain in Swimmers of Varied Age Levels of Competition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kennedy June , Otley Thomas , Hendren Steph , Myers Heather , Tate Angela
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Swimming is enjoyed by athletes of all ages, and shoulder pain is a common problem. Clinicians identify impairments which impact shoulder pain and these impairments may differ depending on the swimmer’s age competition level.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to investigate objective measures utilized to assess swimmers and assess the relationship of test values to shoulder pain in distinct age groups/competition levels. A secondary aim was to report normative/expected values for these tests.

DESIGN

Systematic review

METHODS

PRISMA methodology was employed to assess studies evaluating clinical tests and measures associated with shoulder pain for swimmers in varied age competition levels. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies instrument was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and a qualitative synthesis of findings was conducted to determine the strength of the evidence in four age competition levels for nine objective measures. Distinct cut points for proposed measures were identified.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven studies were included in the analysis and the majority were of moderate quality in adolescent/adult swimmers. Youth swimmers had limited evidence for the development of shoulder pain associated with scapular position/dyskinesia, weakness of periscapular muscles, low endurance of core muscles, and moderate evidence for shoulder pain associated with laxity and altered range of motion (ROM). Adolescent/adult swimmers demonstrated limited evidence for a positive association between developing shoulder pain if there is a low eccentric ER:concentric IR ratio, and moderate evidence for pectoralis minor tightness and glenohumeral laxity. There were limited studies regarding masters swimmers to derive conclusive evidence. Cut points were identified from the included studies but these have not been validated in other studies.

CONCLUSION

Swimmers of various ages may have different objective clinical tests and measures associated with the risk for developing shoulder pain. More studies are needed to fully understand risk factors for shoulder pain in the masters swim competition level, and to validate recommended cut points for various tests and measures.

Key level of evidence

3, Systematic review of mostly Level 3 studies
Photobiomodulation Therapy Plus Usual Care Is Better than Usual Care Alone for Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ketz Ann K , Anders Juanita , Orina Judy , Garner Betty , Hull Misty , Koreerat Nicholas , Sorensen Jeff , Turner Candice , Johnson James
Published: January 2024

Background

Plantar fasciitis (PF) results in pain-related disability and excessive healthcare costs. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has shown promise for decreasing both pain and disability related to PF.

Purpose

The purpose was to assess the clinical impact of PBMT on pain and function in people with PF.

Study Design

Prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial

Methods

A convenience sample of adults with PF were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) usual care, (2) usual care plus nine doses of PBMT with 25W output power over three weeks, or (3) usual care plus nine doses of PBMT with 10W output power over three weeks. Both 10W and 25W PBMT participants received the same total dose (10J/cm2) by utilizing a simple area equation. Pain (with Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale) and function (by Foot and Ankle Ability Measure) were measured at baseline, weeks 3, and 6 for all groups, and at 13 and 26 weeks for PBMT groups.

Results

PBMT groups experienced a reduction in pain over the first three weeks (from an average of 4.5 to 2.8) after which their pain levels remained mostly constant, while the UC group experienced a smaller reduction in pain (from an average of 4 to 3.8). The effects on pain were not different between PBMT groups. PBMT in both treatment groups also improved function more than the UC group, again with the improvement occurring within the first three weeks.

Conclusions

Pain and function improved during the three weeks of PBMT plus UC and remained stable over the following three weeks. Improvements sustained through six months in the PBMT plus UC groups.

Level of Evidence

Level II- RCT or Prospective Comparative Study
What is the Injury Incidence and Profile in Professional Male Ice Hockey? A Systematic Review.
Authors: Cattaneo Marco , Ramponi Carlo , Thorborg Kristian
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Professional male ice hockey is characterized by a congested in-season match schedule and by different scenarios where the whole body is exposed to great internal and external forces. Consequently, injuries occur from head to toe. However, there is a lack of data synthesis regarding the injury incidence and profile in this population.

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to quantify the injury incidence rates in professional male ice hockey.

STUDY DESIGN

Systematic Review

METHODS

The electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest-Sport medicine & Education Index, and Pro-Quest Dissertation and Thesis were searched utilizing terms related to ice hockey and injuries. Studies were included if they provided the incidence of injury in professional male hockey players and reported injuries in terms of time lost. The modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cohort studies and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology - Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance Statement were used to assess the methodological quality of the studies.

RESULTS

Eleven studies were included in the review. Match injury incidence ranged from 38 to 88.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure, whereas training injury incidence varied from 0.4 to 2.6 injuries/1000 hours of exposure. Injuries of traumatic origin accounted for 76% to 96.6% of all injuries, with contusions and lacerations being the most common. Severe injuries accounted for 7.8% - 20% of all injuries. The lower extremities were the most susceptible to injury, comprising 27% to 53.7% of all reported injuries.

CONCLUSION

Professional male ice hockey players are exposed to a substantial risk of injury during competitions, with lower extremities being the most commonly affected body part. The majority of injuries are traumatic and severe injuries account for a notable portion of overall injury cases.
Impact of Concussions on Postural Stability Performance Using the Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test
Authors: Heick John D , Alkathiry Abdulaziz
Published: January 2024

Background

A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that can result in vestibular and oculomotor dysfunctions. The Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test was developed from the original Sensory Organization Test to measure a subject’s ability to maintain balance while moving their head.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of adults with no history of concussion to those with a history of concussion on the Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test to determine if long-standing balance deficits are present after concussion.

Study Design

Cross-sectional study

Methods

Subjects with a history of concussion and healthy normal controls completed the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, the sensory organization test, the head shake SOT, and the Foam Head Shake-Sensory Organization test in a single testing session. Scores were analyzed for differences between the two groups.

Results

Twenty-five participants (nine patients with history of concussion and 16 healthy controls; mean age, 21.08±4.10 years) completed testing. The equilibrium scores in both groups significantly decreased with more complex tasks. Furthermore, the concussion group had significantly worse equilibrium scores than the control group during the Head Shake (p = 0.007) and Foam Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test (p = 0.002) tasks but not during the Sensory Organization Test task.

Conclusion

Adding head shake and foam cushion conditions to postural stability tests improves sensitivity in detecting balance deficits in individuals with a concussion.

Level of Evidence

3
Sensorimotor Dysfunction Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction- an Afferent Perspective: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vitharana Thilina N , King Enda , Moran Kieran
Published: January 2024

Background

Sensorimotor dysfunction is thought to occur following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury which may have implications on future reinjury risk. Dysfunction has been demonstrated within the efferent component of the sensorimotor system. However, no reviews have examined the two main components of the afferent system: the visual and somatosensory systems.

Hypothesis/Purpose

This study aimed to report differences in function (central processing and local processing) within the (1) somatosensory and (2) visual systems between individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and healthy controls (between-subject). The study also aimed to report differences in function within the two systems between the two limbs of an individual following ACLR (within-subject).

Study Design

Scoping review

Methods

A search was conducted in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Medline and Embase up until September 2021. Level I-IV studies assessing somatosensory and visual systems were included if they compared ACLR limbs to the uninjured contralateral limb (within-subject) or a healthy control limb (between-group). The function of somatosensory and visual systems was assessed across both central processing (processing of information in the central cortex) and local processing (all other assessments outside of central processing of information).

Results

Seventy studies were identified (52 somatosensory, 18 visual). Studies examining somatosensory central processing demonstrated significant differences; 66% of studies exhibited within-subject differences and 100% of the studies exhibited between-group differences. Studies examining local somatosensory processing had mixed findings; 40% of the ‘joint position sense (JPS)’ and ‘threshold to detect motion (TTDM)’ studies showed significant within-subject differences (JPS=0.8°-3.8° and TTDPM=0.2°-1.4°) and 42% demonstrated significant between-group differences (JPS=0.4°-5° and TTDPM=0.3°-2.8°). Eighty-three percent of visual central processing studies demonstrated significant dysfunction between-groups with no studies assessing within-subject differences. Fifty percent of the studies examining local visual processing demonstrated a significant between-group difference.

Conclusion

Significant differences in central processing exist within somatosensory and visual systems following ACLR. There is mixed evidence regarding local somatosensory and visual processing. Increased compensation by the visual system and local visual processing dysfunction may occur in conjunction with somatosensory dysfunction.
Fixed points of multiplicative closed graph operators on b-multiplicative metric spaces
Authors: G. Siva
Published: January 2024

This article discusses fixed point iterations of some multiplicative contraction mappings with variations in b-multiplicative metric space domains. A map that satisfies the multiplicative contraction condition has been proposed for an increasing sequence of subsets of a b-multiplicative metric space, where one element of the sequence is mapped into the following member of the sequence. Additionally, several fixed point conclusions are established for various multiplicative contraction mappings with multiplicative closed graphs.
Characterizations for pseudoparalel submanifolds of Lorentz-Sasakian space forms
Authors: Mert Tuğba , Atçeken Mehmet
Published: January 2024

In this article, total geodesic submanifolds for Lorentz-Sasakian space forms are investigated. For these submanifolds, pseudoparallel, 2-pseudoparallel, Ricci generalized pseudoparallel and 2-Ricci generalized pseudoparallel invariant submanifolds have been studied and many new results have been obtained. In addition, necessary and sufficient conditions have been obtained for these submanifolds to be total geodesic on the concircular and projective curvature tensors.
A quasistatic elastic-viscoplastic contact problem with wear and frictionless
Authors: Ahmed Hamidat  , Adel Aissaoui
Published: January 2024

We consider here a frictionless contact problem for elastic-viscoplastic materials, in a quasi-static process. The contact with a rigid base is modeled without friction with condition of wear and damage. The damage the elastic deformations of the material is modeled by an internal variable of the body called the damage field. The problem formula is given as a system that includes a variational equation with respect to the displacement field, and a variational inequality of the parabolic type with respect to the damage field. We prove a weak solution existence and uniqueness theorem relating to the problem. The methods utilised are grounded in the concept of monotonic operators, followed by fixed-point arguments.
Optimal strategy on inventory model under permissible delay in payments and return policy for deteriorating items with shortages
Authors: R. Uthayakumar  , A. Ruba Priyadharshini
Published: January 2024

In this model, the manufacturer offers a trade credit policy to the retailer. Demand depends upon selling price and time for non-instantaneous deterioration items. The retailer offers the customer a returns policy. Customers can return the product to the retailer if the product is unsatisfactory for the customer. The retailer does not ultimately return the amount to its customer for the returned product. The manufacturer offers the retailer a trade credit policy. The retailer resale the returned products at the same selling price. A partially backlogged shortage is permitted and its rate is thought to depend on how long it takes for the following lot to arrive after a lot has been replenished. The main objective is to increase the retailers' overall profit by determining the optimal order quantity, optimal selling price, and optimal replenishment cycle. An EOQ is framed for analyzing the sample, which can obtain the optimal solution.
On a conformable fractional differential equations with maxima
Authors: Derhab Mohammed
Published: January 2024

This work is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a class of first order conformable fractional differential equations with maxima. We also give some examples illustrating the application of ourresults.
Existence and Regularity of solutions in alpha norm for some second order partial neutral functional differential equations in Banach Spaces
Authors: Mbainadji Djendode , Nayam Al-hassem , Zabsonre Issa
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to study the existence and regularity of solutions in the $\alpha$-norm for  some second order partial neutral functional differential equations with finite delay in Banach spaces. To do this, we use the cosine family theory and Schauder's fixed point Theorem to establish the local existence of solutions and we give some sufficients conditions to enssure the regularity of solutions. Finally, we give an example to illustrate the theoretical results.
Determination of effects of some alcohol blends on performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise in diesel engines
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Nurullah , GÜLCAN Halil Erdi , CİNİVİZ Murat
Published: January 2024

The use of alcohol-derived fuels produced from renewable resources is an effective method to reduce dependence on petroleum. However, alcohols can improve the combustion process by changing the fuel chemistry. In this way, performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise values can be improved in diesel engines. In this study; New fuel forms (D90E10, D90IB10, D80E10IB10, D77.5E10IB10DEE2.5, 75E10IB10DEE5) were formed by mixing ethanol, isobutanol and diethyl ether alcohols with diesel fuel in certain proportions. The fuels generated was used in experiments. The studies were conducted with four different loads (%25, 50, 75, and 100) at a constant speed (2800 rpm). The optimum fuel mixture was determined by examining the engine performance, exhaust emissions, mechanical vibrations and noise data obtained in the experiments. When the most important data output of the test results is evaluated; In tests with D75E10IB10DEE5 fuel, it was determined that smoke emissions were reduced by 24.6% and mechanical vibrations by 14.2% compared to standard diesel fuel at full load.
Stress concentration factor based design curves for cylinder-cylinder connections in pressure vessels
Authors: BOZKURT Murat , NASH David
Published: January 2024

The results of the parametric analysis of the cylinder-cylinder intersections in pressure vessels, performed in both elastic and plastic regions, are discussed in this study. Besides, the outcomes that contribute to the development of classical solutions in the literature are addressed as design curves depending on stress concentration factors (SCF). To begin with, the maximum stresses for cylinder-cylinder connections were calculated by finite element analysis and SCF values were obtained. In these calculations, external local loads acting on the nozzle centre and internal pressure are the main variables for loading conditions. Following that, different parametric approaches and loading conditions are presented to develop design curves for cylinder/cylinder connections by changing the main geometric parameters, such as cylinder and nozzle radii, and their thicknesses. A new approach is presented using these new curves thus allowing industrial designers to calculate maximum nozzle stresses without the need to undertake a thorough finite element analysis.
Baby cry-sensitive armband design for parents with hearing loss
Authors: BALTACIOĞLU Kaan , BAŞAR Mustafa Tunahan , AKDOĞAN Volkan , KARAASLAN Muharrem , İLÇİGEN Emre Arda
Published: January 2024

This study was carried out to design an armband for parents with hearing impairment or hearing loss. The main purpose of the study is to design a warning system by taking advantage of the distribution of sound at different intensity values and analyzing the quiet environment, speech sound and baby crying sounds in the propagation area. Sound analysis is carried out by collecting the data within the scope of the study and a vibration warning system is developed based on the analysis. Data is sent from the radio in the baby's room to the parent's armband via radio frequencies. The changes in sound data for a total of 20 seconds were analyzed. Based on these changes, it was determined that the amplitude of the silent environment was 600 delta, the speech sound environment was in the range of 1300-1600 delta and the baby crying sound could reach up to 1650 delta and above. it is seen that the speech sounds exhibit an increase of approximately 75% compared to the silent environment, while the changes in the baby crying sound increase by 102.5% compared to the silent environment. These increases indicate that the system can work effectively in wearable technologies.
Investigation of the velocity, mach number, and turbulent parameters for different projectile rear geometry
Authors: DOĞRU Mehmet Hanifi , GÖV İbrahim
Published: January 2024

A firearm projectile consists of four main parts. The end part of the cartridge is called the bullet (core). When the weapon is fired, the bullet (core) shoots towards the target. In the literature, there are studies examining projectile geometries in terms of projectile velocity, range, and impact factor. By redesigning the geometric features, the velocity and turbulence states of the bullet can be improved. Therefore, in this study, a projectile with different rear geometries is analyzed in terms of velocity, turbulence energy, and Mach number. For projectile rear geometry, Sharp, 45-degree, and curved rear geometries are analyzed. After the analysis, parameters such as velocity, turbulent energy, and Mach number were analyzed. The results were then compared with each other and the most effective geometry was obtained.
The Impact of Civil war on the Balakayati and Warte Region 1993-2000
Authors: Ali Maulud Azad , Braim Ahmad Luqman
Published: January 2024

Balakayati and Warte region, an area of a considerable magnitude, It is located in northeastern part of Hawler province. Throughout the latter part of the nineties of twentieth century, the region had become the battleground of civil war between the political parties of Southern Kurdistan. Those wars have left a profound and lasting negative economic, societal, and educational impact. Which tens of people were killed and the social contacts were hugely damaged. On the other hand, Internal wars and conflicts had extermly impacted on education and health sectors, and led to poverty and destruction. It is worth mentioniy thet, this topic is neglected by history researchers. Therefore we decided to conduct research on this significant issue. This research paper includes an overview about Balakayaty and Werte, moreover two sections connected to economical and social negative impacts on the district.