bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
chTOG is a conserved mitotic error correction factor
Authors: Herman Jacob A , Miller Matthew P , Biggins Sue
Published: December 2020

Accurate chromosome segregation requires kinetochores on duplicated chromatids to biorient by attaching to dynamic microtubules from opposite spindle poles, which exerts forces to bring kinetochores under tension. However, kinetochores initially bind to microtubules indiscriminately, resulting in errors that must be corrected. While the Aurora B protein kinase destabilizes low-tension attachments by phosphorylating kinetochores, low-tension attachments are intrinsically less stable than those under higher tension in vitro independent of Aurora activity. Intrinsic tension-sensitive behavior requires the microtubule regulator Stu2 (budding yeast Dis1/XMAP215 ortholog), which we demonstrate here is likely a conserved function for the TOG protein family. The human TOG protein, chTOG, localizes to kinetochores independent of microtubules by interacting with Hec1. We identify a chTOG mutant that regulates microtubule dynamics but accumulates erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments that are not destabilized by Aurora B. Thus, TOG proteins confer a unique, intrinsic error correction activity to kinetochores that ensures accurate chromosome segregation.
Machine translation systems and guidebooks: an approach to the importance of the role of the human translator
Authors:   Universidad Pablo de Olavide (España), Fuentes-Luque Adrián , Santamaría Urbieta Alexandra ,   Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR) (España)
Published: December 2020

Computer-assisted translation tools are increasingly supplemented by the presence of machine translation (MT) in different areas and working environments, from technical translation to translation in international organizations. MT is also present in the translation of tourism texts, from brochures to food menus, websites and tourist guides. Its need or suitability for use is the subject of growing debate. This article presents a comparative analysis of tourist guides translated by a human translator and three machine translation systems. The aims are to determine a first approach to the level of quality of machine translation in tourist texts and to establish whether some tourist texts can be translated using machine translation alone or whether human participation is necessary, either for the complete translation of the text or only for post-editing tasks.
Evaluation of Risk Factors Influencing Instability after Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Deo Nikhil , Pisulkar Gajanan , Gupta Suvarn , Saoji Kiran
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty has been successful in relieving pain arising from hip joint diseases and maintains functional stability of hip joint. Instability can be rephrased as subluxation or dislocation of femoral head from the acetabulum. The study has been undertaken to find out causes related to instability after Total Hip Replacement (THR). Aim: To evaluate preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors influencing instability after THR. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out from June 2013 to June 2019. Preoperative, postoperative and six months follow-up data was recorded in the questionnaire. A total of eight patients were included in the group having postoperative dislocation and 122 patients were in normal THR group. Clinical outcome was measured using Harris Hip score. Data analysis was done by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0 and parametric tests like paired t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used. Results: Majority of the patients in the study were in the age group of 31-40 years and 41-50 years (27.69% each) with total mean age of 41.14±12.40 years. About 77.69% were male and 22.31% were female. Mean Harris hip score of the total population was 74.73±5.35. Dislocation post THR was observed in 8 (6.15%) and all these patients were males. Six (75%) patients in hip dislocation group were chronic alcoholics while 41 (33.61%) in non-dislocation group were alcoholics and incidence of dislocation and alcoholism was statistically significant. Capsulectomy was done in 50% patients of hip dislocation group and 16.39% of non-dislocation group thus capsulectomy appears as a significant risk factor for postoperative hip dislocation. Conclusion: The incidence of hip instability after THR was 6.15%. Alcohol addiction was identified as a statistically significant independent preoperative risk factor. It was observed that capsulectomy was a significant risk factor for hip dislocation.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF UBHYAGA AMLAPITTA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Hussain Tahir , Kumar Pankaj
Published: December 2020

Amlapitta is a diseases caused due to increase in the amla guna of pitta dosha. Amlapitta is divided on the basis of gati i.e. Urdhwaga Amlapitta and Adhoga Amlapitta. Adhoga amlapitta shows symptoms like trisha, daha, murcha, bharma, moha, mandagni etc. and Urdhwaga Amlapitta shows symptoms like tikta-amlaudgara, kanthhridyakukshidaha, tikta-amalchardi etc. Due to resemblance of sign and symptom it is correlated with Gastritis. Gastritis is diseases that have symptoms like epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, heart burn etc. Gastritis occurs due to inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Prevalence of Gastritis all over the world population is 50% and it increases with age. It affects about 8-20% of population in India. A 22 years old female patient from Sirsa, Haryana was having complain of burning sensation in stomach and oesophagus after intake of food, sour belching, dry and burnt tongue since four months. She was also having history of loss of consciousness 2 month back. Her aggravating factor is mainly intake of lunch meal wherever relieving factors consist of milk and amalaki juice consumption. On the basis of all sign and symptoms she was diagnosed with Ubhyaga Amlapitta. In this case the treatment planned was Sadhyo Vamana followed by classical Virechana. In this case the given treatment pacifies mainly pitta dosha along with kapha and vata dosha due to their Amlapitta is a diseases caused due to increase in the amla guna of pitta dosha. Amlapitta is divided on the basis of gati i.e. Urdhwaga Amlapitta and Adhoga Amlapitta. Adhoga amlapitta shows symptoms like trisha, daha, murcha, bharma, moha, mandagni etc. and Urdhwaga Amlapitta shows symptoms like tikta-amlaudgara, kanthhridyakukshidaha, tikta-amalchardi etc. Due to resemblance of sign and symptom it is correlated with Gastritis. Gastritis is diseases that have symptoms like epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, heart burn etc. Gastritis occurs due to inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Prevalence of Gastritis all over the world population is 50% and it increases with age. It affects about 8-20% of population in India. A 22 years old female patient from Sirsa, Haryana was having complain of burning sensation in stomach and oesophagus after intake of food, sour belching, dry and burnt tongue since four months. She was also having history of loss of consciousness 2 month back. Her aggravating factor is mainly intake of lunch meal wherever relieving factors consist of milk and amalaki juice consumption. On the basis of all sign and symptoms she was diagnosed with Ubhyaga Amlapitta. In this case the treatment planned was Sadhyo Vamana followed by classical Virechana. In this case the given treatment pacifies mainly pitta dosha along with kapha and vata dosha due to their guna and karma.
A REVIEW ON SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY OF AMAVATA: LOGICS BEHIND THE SYMPTOMS
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Raj Nitish , Kumar Sujeet , Sharma Shyam Sundar
Published: December 2020

In today’s world, Ayurveda gives more hope for the suffering humanity where no complete solution for commonest inflammatory disease like Rheumatoid Arthritis is available. Rheumatoid Arthritis can be considered similar to Amavata as per Ayurvedic texts. The symptoms of Amavata are similar to Rheumatoid arthritis - where pain, swelling and stiffness of joints are present. It can cause debility, joints deformities, crippling etc in chronic condition. The disease was first mentioned by Madhava Acharya in 25th chapter of Madhava nidana while scriptures like Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridya and Ashtanga Sangraha mentioned only about Ama and Amavrita vata. Afterwards Vangasena, Bhaishajya Ratnavali etc has elaborated the management of Amavata. Ayurveda focuses on nidana, samprapti, rupa etc of the disease. So, in the treatment, Nidana Parivarjana plays an important role. After gaining the knowledge of these, a physician can provide proper treatment. This study has been designed to find out Science and Philosophy behind the symptoms of Amavata according to Ayurvedic classics.
ROLE OF STHAULYA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBESE PCOS: A REVIEW
Authors: R Bindya , Balakrishnan Maya , Thomas Giby
Published: December 2020

The polycystic ovarian syndrome is an extremely prevalent heterogeneous disorder affecting women in the reproductive age group. Symptoms may include menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, or another endocrine dysfunction. Women with PCOS are more likely to be obese and are evident by their elevated BMIs and Waist: Hip ratios. These ratios reflect an android or central pattern of obesity which are the risk factors for cardiovascular disease one of the long-term consequences of PCOS. Obesity or sthoulya is a Santharpanajanya roga. Athisthoulyam is also mentioned under Ashtou ninditha purushas. An exact correlation of PCOS cannot be found in our classics; rather most clinical features are seen scattered among the symptoms and diseases mentioned in the context of Streeroga. Main menstrual irregularities seen in PCO women are oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, and DUB which are found in the context of Artava Vyapat like Artavakshaya, Nashtartava, and Asrigdhara respectively. Anovulation resulting in amenorrhoea can be compared with Vandya yonivyapat and Pushpagni Jataharini.
AYURVEDA FOR PREVENTION, PROPHYLAXIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19: A REVIEW
Authors: Upadhyay Abhishek , Vaidya Meghna
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 pandemic which has spread to 216 countries in eight months resulted in 7.50 lakh deaths across the globe. SARS CoV-2, highly infectious causative agent of this disease is transmitted through droplets, contact routes and aerosols. Even the most developed nations are experiencing difficulty to limit its spread and the disease is still spreading at an alarming rate. For filling the gaps and lacunas in the healthcare system this is high time to integrate different healthcare systems available to meet the ever emerging health challenges. Ayurveda has documented the first reference of epidemics as Janapadodhwamsa and has given a scientific insight to its causes, effect and prevention along with management strategies. No established and approved treatment of COVID-19 is yet available and off label drugs are being tried for prophylaxis and therapeutic purpose. Variation in host susceptibility and outcomes has been observed and host factors are being explored along with fast track vaccine development. Ayurveda treatment always take into account the host factors to alleviate the disease by improving the Agni and providing nutrition and strength to the host by means of Rasayana, Panchakarma, lifestyle measures and using drugs of varied origin. The clinical profile of COVID-19 matches with Vata-Kapha dominant Sannipataja Jwara for which detailed treatment guidelines and array of pharmaceutical preparations are described in Ayurvedic literature which are being practiced by qualified Ayurvedic physicians effectively since long. This paper highlights the Ayurvedic perspective of the COVID-19 along with its prevention, prophylaxis and management strategies through Ayurveda.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF ANUBHUTA YOGA (INGUDI) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KAMALA
Authors: KBP Rekha
Published: December 2020

The present study is to establish the efficacy of folklore medicine Ingudi in the management of Kamala. The methods are Subjects presenting with classical symptoms of Kamala taken for the study. Total 30 subjects were selected randomly. Gradations were given to subjective parameters actual test values were given to objective parameters. Test values of LFT were recorded before and after the treatment. Patients were administered Anubhuta yoga(Ingudi Kalka) 5 gm bid for 14 days. The obtained subjective and objective data was statistically analyzed to determine the significance of treatment. In the subjects treated 55% of marked improvement was found, 36% moderate improvement was found. 2% of subjects had no relief. This shamana line of treatment has succeeded in reducing the signs and symptoms along with LFT values which reduced within the time period of 14 days.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE RUJAHARA (ANALGESIC) EFFECT OF VIRECHANA KARMA AND VAITARANA BASTI IN AMAVATA (RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS)
Authors: Gupta Divya , Wetal Vishakha R , Gupta Arun
Published: December 2020

In Amavata the most responsible issue Ama is caused because of derangement of Agni particularly Jatharagni. Ama associated with the vitiated Vata Dosha is termed as Amavata. The same disease is mentioned in modern system with the name of Rheumatoid arthritis. In modern Medicine NSAIDs, Glucocorticoids, DMARDs are used. These medicines have many toxic effects like osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes etc. In present study Virechana Karma and Basti Karma were selected as Shodhana Chikitsa. It is directly mentioned in the Chikitsa Sutra of Amavata by Chakradatta and other texts. The present clinical study was conducted in Patients of age more than 25 year up to 50 year. Patients were randomly divided in two Groups, irrespective of religion, sex, occupation etc. In Group A Virechana was given and Group B Vaitarana basti was given. Group A- There was relief in Sandhishool 21.1%, VAS pain16.1%, Tenderness 23.2 % Swelling 20.7%, DAS 10.8%.,12.1% in ESR. Group B-There was relief in Sandhishool 29.3%, VAS pain 18.2%, Tenderness 37.2 % Swelling 44.9%, DAS28 18%, ESR 23.3%. At follow-up of 30 days Virechana Karma and Vaitarana Basti were almost equally effective to reduce Sandhishool. Vaitarana Basti is significantly effective than Virechana Karma to reduce Tenderness, Swelling.
Chemical Composition of Serendipity Berry (Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii) and Miracle Fruit (Thaumatococcus daniellii)
Authors: Ojo A. , Enujiugha V. N. , Omogie H. N. Ayo- , Abiodun O. A.
Published: December 2020

Aims: To determine the chemical composition of serendipity berry (Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii) and miracle fruit (Thaumatococcus daniellii).

Study Design: The mean and standard deviation of the data obtained were  analyzed.

Place and Duration of Study: Samples were prepared in Department of Food Science and Technology, Osun State Polytechnic, between November 2018 and December 2019.

Methodology: Chemical properties of two natural sweeteners namely the miracle fruit (Thaumatococcus danielli) and serendipity berry (Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii) were studied in this work. The fresh fruits were obtained from a farm, sorted, washed and the tissues were scraped, dried in the oven at 45°C for 12 hrs, milled and packed in airtight plastic containers. Proximate, vitamins and amino acid contents of the sweeteners were determined.

Results: The results revealed that the protein contents of miracle fruit and serendipity berry were 75.57% and 62.54% respectively. Moisture contents of the sweeteners ranged from 56.95-58.33% while ash contents ranged from 19.33-22.90%. The sweeteners had low carbohydrate and lipid contents. Crude fiber was not detected in miracle fruit but serendipity berry had crude fibre of 5.38%. The fruits had β-carotene contents ranging from 8.44 mg/100 g and 23.00 mg/100 g, vitamin C (20.40 mg/100 g and 22.01 mg/100 g) and vitamin D (17.02 mg/100 g and 19.02 mg/100 g) in miracle fruit and serendipity berry respectively. However, low values were recorded for vitamin E 0.55 mg/100 g and 0.89 mg/100 g in miracle fruit and serendipity berry respectively. The fruits had appreciable amount of essential amino acid which was above 50% of the total amino acid content. Miracle fruit had 51.96% and serendipity berry had 58.07% of the essential amino acid. Aromatic essential amino were 10.78 and 12.79% in miracle fruits and serendipity respectively.

Conclusion: This study showed that the two natural sweeteners are good source of essential nutrients and could be used as food supplements in our diet.
Challenges in the Process of Development and Maintenance of a Modern Bulgarian Food Composition Database: FAO’s Project – Real Achievements
Authors: Gyurova Desislava K.
Published: December 2020

High-quality food composition data should be representative of national food habits and consumption patterns. They should be generated according to established standard international guidelines so that they are comparable and reliable. Well-designed tables and databases should include a good selection of food components and majority of commonly consumed foods. However, this is often not the case as many tables only include raw foods and a small number of nutrients while processed and fortified foods are lacking.

The aim of this review is to focus on the importance of national food composition databases; to show the current status of the problem in Bulgaria; and priorities in the development of a new modern database; in order to attract the attention of stakeholders (government institutions, universities, research institutes, manufacturers and independent specialized laboratories).
Developing and Contextualizing Instructional Materials in Mathematics for Grade 6 Pupils
Authors: Basibas Aveliza T.
Published: December 2020

This study used the descriptive developmental method utilizing the contextualized instructional materials. Respondents were composed of the school principals, master teachers and mathematics teachers who have been considered as experts in the scrutiny and critiquing of the instructional materials, grade 6 pupils who benefitted the developed instructional material were also included as respondents. The data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage, mean, ranking a weighted mean. T-test was utilized to test the null hypothesis if there is a significant difference between the pre-test and posttest results of the pupils. The research instrument is a survey questionnaire. The assessment of the respondents were based on the different variables mentioned for the evaluation of an effective instructional materials. A five-point Likert’ Scale was used to indicate the assessment, these are: Very Acceptable (5), Acceptable (4), Moderately Acceptable (3), Less Acceptable (2), and Not acceptable (1). It can be depicted the variables included in the instructional material had an overall computed mean value of 4.20 and rated as very acceptable. This study found out that there is a significant difference of the pupils’ pretest and posttest after using the developed instructional materials. The result depicted that the computed t-value of 28.98 with the degrees of freedom of 49 is greater than the critical value of 1.645 at 0.05 level of significance which means there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test mean score of the pupils.
Development Liquid and Solid Self Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (L-SMEDDS and S-SMEDDS) Containing Black Seed Oil (Nigella sativa L.)
Authors: Priani Sani Ega , Maulidina Septiani Siti , Darusman Fitrianti
Published: December 2020

Aims: The aims of this research were to develop and characterize liquid and solid micro emulsifying drug delivery system (L-SMEDDS and S-SMEDDS) containing black seed oil. 

Study Design: Experimental Research Design (laboratory).

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at research laboratory of pharmacy department UNISBA, between August 2018- August 2019.

Methodology: The optimization of L-SMEDDS was carried out using various comparison of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. All formulations were evaluated for percent transmittance, emulsification time, dispersibility, robustness, and thermodynamic stability. The best formula of L-SMEDSS was evaluated for globule size distribution and converted to S-SMEDDS by spray drying method using aerosil 200 as adsorbent. S-SMEDDS were evaluated for organoleptic, flowability, compressibility, emulsification time, dispersibility, robustness and surface morphology.

Results: The best formula of L-SMEDDS contains tween 80 as a surfactant and PEG 400 as cosurfactant (2:1) with a ratio of oil and Smix (2:8). The L-SMEDDS preparation meets the requirement of percent transmittance (95.77%), emulsification time (37.67 seconds), grade A of dispersibility, stable of robustness and thermodynamics study with the average of globule size was 231 nm. S-SMEDDS preparation meets the requirement of the moisture content, flowability, emulsification time, and stable on robustness testing with a spherical shape.

Conclusion: L-SMEDDS and S-SMEDDS of black seed oil have been developed and have good physical characteristics and stability.
Recovered memories of child abuse outside of therapy
Authors: Dodier Olivier , Patihis Lawrence
Published: December 2020

We examined the incidence of recovered memories of child abuse in a large French general public sample (N = 3346). Of the 905 (27% of total sample) who reported having memories of abuse, 211 (23%) reported recovered memories of child abuse that they had no previous memory of, with 82 of these (9% of the 905) reporting that they did not know they were abused beforehand. Ninety percent of the latter reported having recovered their memories when not in a therapy at the time. Those who reported recovered memories outside of therapy often reported discussions with peers and/or media exposure related to childhood abuse that occurred either before or during memory recovery. Our prevalence results are discussed in light of the hypothesis that many recovered memories are in fact reinterpreted continuous memories. The findings on context are discussed in relation to the work on the malleability of memory.
Review of Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy Techniques and Applications in the Biosciences
Authors: Li Yanping , Shen Binglin , Li Shaowei , Zhao Yihua , Qu Junle , Liu Liwei
Published: December 2020

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a nonlinear optical imaging method for visualizing chemical content based on molecular vibrational bonds. Featuring high speed, high resolution, high sensitivity, high accuracy, and 3D sectioning, SRS microscopy has made tremendous progress toward biochemical information acquisition, cellular function investigation, and label‐free medical diagnosis in the biosciences. In this review, the principle of SRS, system design, and data analysis are introduced, and the current innovations of the SRS system are reviewed. In particular, combined with various bio‐orthogonal Raman tags, the applications of SRS microscopy in cell metabolism, tumor diagnosis, neuroscience, drug tracking, and microbial detection are briefly examined. The future prospects for SRS microscopy are also shared.
Wearable Sensors‐Enabled Human–Machine Interaction Systems: From Design to Application
Authors: Yin Ruiyang , Wang Depeng , Zhao Shufang , Lou Zheng , Shen Guozhen
Published: December 2020

In comparison to traditional bulky and rigid electronic devices, the human–machine interaction (HMI) system with flexible and wearable components is an inevitable future trend. To achieve effective, intuitive, and seamless manipulation of high‐performance wearable HMI systems, it is important to develop effective strategies for designing material microstructures on flexible sensors and electric devices with excellent mechanical flexibility and stretchability. The real‐time acquisition of human physiology and surrounding signals through accurate and flexible sensors is the basis of wearable HMIs. Herein, the construction of a wearable HMI system that utilizes sensors, communication modes, and actuators is reviewed. The mechanisms and strategies for designing various flexible sensors based on different mechanisms are analyzed and discussed. The functional mechanism, material selection, and novel design strategies of each part are summarized in detail. The different communication modes in interactive systems and the manufacturing technology of soft machines are also introduced. Additionally, the most advanced applications of wearable HMI systems in intelligent identification and security, interactive controls for robots, augmented reality, and virtual reality have been highlighted. The review concludes with an overview of the remaining key challenges and several ideas regarding the further improvement of wearable HMI systems.
The evolving ethics of analysis, publication, and transparency in applied economics
Authors: Lybbert Travis J. , Buccola Steven T.
Published: December 2020

Credible economic research demands discipline and defensible modeling assumptions—both theoretical and empirical—but incentives to strategically shape findings (e.g., p‐hack) can be strong. We examine recent waves of empiricism in economics and the ethical concerns and responses they prompted. Statistical abuses that opportunistically search for significance are often inseparable from conceptual abuses of opportunistic model identification (i.e., p‐hacking writ large). We compare neoclassical with positivist hacking proclivities and explore associated implications for empirical analysis and peer review. Drawing on our experiences, 25 years apart, as AJAE editors we reflect on efforts to evaluate research quality and enhance research transparency.
Self‐assembly and tunable optical properties of intramolecular charge transfer molecules
Authors: Shen Han , Li Yongjun , Li Yuliang
Published: December 2020

Crystalline aggregates formed by self‐assembly of organic small molecules have aroused intensive attention in many fields due to their controllable morphologies and functionalization. The advantages of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) compounds endow them with the ability to self‐assemble into diverse dimensional crystalline microstructures, as potential candidates for advanced materials and smart miniatures in practical applications. In this review, the recent progresses of self‐assembled microstructures of functional ICT molecules in our group for a decade are summarized. The factors influencing the fabrication of the microstructures in solvent‐involved processes are fully discussed. Distinct optical properties induced by self‐assembly behaviors are also depicted. We try to give an outlook of structure‐property relationships in functional microstructure engineering and clarify the crucial issues to be addressed in the future scientific research.
DNA nanostructure‐encoded fluorescent barcodes
Authors: Zhai Tingting , Li Qian , Shen Jianlei , Li Jiang , Fan Chunhai
Published: December 2020

Identification and differentiation of various bioanalytes with high spatial and temporal resolution have spawned fluorescent barcode‐based detection and imaging. DNA nanostructures with excellent structure programmability, addressability, and near‐atomic structure accuracy have emerged as a versatile platform to develop fluorescent barcodes through finely controlled dye numbers, relative distances, and compositions. A variety of DNA fluorescent barcodes with distinguishable spectral colors, geometries and digitized fluorescence intensities have been constructed and favorably implemented in the field of bioimaging, multiplex bioassay, and information security. In this review, we first summarize the state of the art of self‐assembled DNA nanostructures. Next, the utilization of DNA nanostructure to develop fluorescent barcodes and the photophysical properties of DNA‐templated fluorophores are reviewed. Finally, the applications of DNA fluorescent barcodes for biosensing and imaging, and the challenges and outlook of DNA nanostructure‐engineered fluorescent barcodes are discussed.
Hyperbolicity of reaction‐transport processes
Authors: Ozorio Cassol Guilherme , Dubljevic Stevan
Published: December 2020

In this manuscript, common chemical engineering transport‐reaction systems are modeled by taking into consideration the inertia in the transport phenomena, leading to hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs), which have finite speed of propagation. The findings provide the derivation of the hyperbolic transport‐reaction PDEs and a direct comparison with their corresponding dissipative parabolic PDEs. The stability analysis of the dynamical systems is considered and complemented by numerical simulations for typical processes, such as the heat diffusion in a slab, transport‐reaction inside a chemical reactor, and a phase change problem. The results demonstrate the effects associated with the modeling and/or limits of the approximation used in the derivation and application of the hyperbolic PDE for transport‐reaction systems, and the difference between the dynamics of this type of equation and the generally used parabolic PDEs.
Newborn anthropometry, maternal capital, and altitude in the highland population from the province of Jujuy, Argentina
Authors: Martínez Jorge I. , Figueroa Marcelo I. , Alfaro Gómez Emma L. , Dipierri José E.
Published: December 2020

Objective

To analyze variability in newborn (NB) anthropometry among Jujenean NBs as a function of geographic altitude (500 m to ≈4000 masl), maternal anthropometry and other maternal characteristics within the maternal capital framework.

Materials and methods

Data obtained from 41,371 mother/child pairs recorded in the Jujuy Perinatal Information System (SIP) between 2009 and 2014, including: NB and maternal weight, length/height and BMI; gestational age (corrected); maternal age, educational level, nutritional status, and marital status; birth interval; and planned pregnancy. Based on the declared place of residence, the prevalence of unsatisfied basic needs (% UBN) was determined and the data was split into two altitudinal groups: highlands (HL, >2500 masl) and lowlands (LL, <2500 masl). ANOVA, Chi‐squared and Pearson tests were applied as needed. Statistical associations between the response variables—NB weight, length and BMI—and maternal and environmental variables were tested using a Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM).

Results

All NB and maternal anthropometric variables were lower in HL compared to LL; they also presented negative correlations with altitude, except NB length. Apart from gestational age and birth interval, HL and LL presented statistically significant differences in all study variables. GAMM results showed that maternal anthropometry was the main influence on NB weight and length.

Discussion

Of all the maternal capital features examined, only maternal anthropometric variables were found to protect offspring against the negative impact of HL environments.
Techno‐economic assessment of heterotrophic microalgae biodiesel production integrated with a sugarcane bio‐refinery
Authors: Sano Coelho Renato , Cuellar Maria C. , Franco Telma T. , van der Wielen Luuk A. M.
Published: December 2020

The use of diesel fuel in crop and transportation operations is responsible for one third of the carbon emissions in sugarcane biorefineries. A possible solution is to replace it with biodiesel from lipids, directly produced from sugarcane by highly productive heterotrophic microalgae. In this study a heterotrophic microalgae biodiesel plant, integrated with a typical Brazilian sugarcane bio‐refinery, was designed and evaluated. Molasses, steam, and electricity from sugarcane processing were used as inputs for microalgae production. For a non‐integrated plant, the production cost of the microalgae biodiesel was estimated at 2.51 and 2.27 $/liter for fed‐batch and continuous processes, respectively. Equipment for cultivation and carbon sources was the highest cost affecting the financial feasibility of the proposed design. For the integrated plant, at present ethanol and biodiesel selling prices, the profitability would be lower than a first‐generation sugarcane bio‐refinery using fossil diesel fuel for its operations. However, the CO2 emissions would be reduced by up to 50 000 × 103 kg per year at a cost of $83 10−3 kg−1 CO2‐eq. If carbon credits are considered, the process becomes economically profitable even at present fuel prices. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Role of coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor in cardiac development and pathogenesis of congenital heart disease
Authors: Sharma Vipul , Perry Daniel J. , Eghtesady Pirooz
Published: December 2020

The coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a cell surface transmembrane protein originally recognized for its role as a binding site for coxsackie‐ and adeno‐viruses. As such, it is believed to play an important role in pathogenesis of myocarditis. Other studies have suggested that CAR also plays an important role in embryonic development, which is not surprising given the strong expression of the receptor in heart, brain, liver, pancreas, kidney, small intestine, and various epithelia during development. A number of studies have looked at downregulation and upregulation of CAR and have confirmed the central role of CAR during critical periods of development. These studies all demonstrated embryonic lethality with variable phenotypes: electrophysiological abnormalities, cardiac structural deformations, and extracardiac abnormalities, such as lymphatic malformations. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature about CAR and formulate some questions for future studies, with an emphasis on the role of CAR during embryonic heart development.
Microscopy‐based assay for semi‐quantitative detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibodies in human sera
Authors: Pape Constantin , Remme Roman , Wolny Adrian , Olberg Sylvia , Wolf Steffen , Cerrone Lorenzo , Cortese Mirko , Klaus Severina , Lucic Bojana , Ullrich Stephanie , Anders‐Össwein Maria , Wolf Stefanie , Cerikan Berati , Neufeldt Christopher J. , Ganter Markus , Schnitzler Paul , Merle Uta , Lusic Marina , Boulant Steeve , Stanifer Megan , Bartenschlager Ralf , Hamprecht Fred A. , Kreshuk Anna , Tischer Christian , Kräusslich Hans‐Georg , Müller Barbara , Laketa Vibor
Published: December 2020

Emergence of the novel pathogenic coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 and its rapid pandemic spread presents challenges that demand immediate attention. Here, we describe the development of a semi‐quantitative high‐content microscopy‐based assay for detection of three major classes (IgG, IgA, and IgM) of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibodies in human samples. The possibility to detect antibodies against the entire viral proteome together with a robust semi‐automated image analysis workflow resulted in specific, sensitive and unbiased assay that complements the portfolio of SARS‐CoV‐2 serological assays. Sensitive, specific and quantitative serological assays are urgently needed for a better understanding of humoral immune response against the virus as a basis for developing public health strategies to control viral spread. The procedure described here has been used for clinical studies and provides a general framework for the application of quantitative high‐throughput microscopy to rapidly develop serological assays for emerging virus infections.
Synthesis of 1,1‐Diisopropyl‐ or ‐Diphenyl ‐2,5‐dibromo‐ or ‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐3,4‐diphenyl‐siloles and the Electrochemical Properties as Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Cho Yoon‐ho , Jung Young Min , Park Young Tae
Published: December 2020

Intramolecular cyclization of 1,1‐diisopropyl‐ or diphenyl‐bis(phenylethynyl)‐silanes (2a and 2b) followed by bromination or trimethylsilylation were carried out to yield 1,1‐diisopropyl‐ or ‐diphenyl‐3,4‐diphenyl‐2,5‐dibromo‐siloles (3a and 3b) and 1,1‐diisoproyl‐ or ‐diphenyl‐3,4‐diphenyl‐2,5‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐siloles (4a and 4b), respectively. The structures of 3a,b and 4a,b were confirmed using 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR as well as FTIR spectroscopy. The absorption bands of the siloles 3a,b and 4a,b in THF were measured at 303–325 nm with the molar absorptivities of 1.85 × 103 ~ 2.18 × 103 cm−1·M−1. The excitation bands were measured at 347–376 nm and the emission peaks were measured at 409–445 nm. Cyclic voltammograms of 3a and 3b indicated oxidation peaks at 0.90 and 0.80 V and reduction peaks at −1.20 and −1.20 V, respectively. The cyclic voltammograms of 4a and 4b indicated two oxidation peaks between −0.05 and −0.95 V and two reduction peaks between −0.10 and −0.93 V, respectively. Compound 4a exhibits a better long cycle performance by almost 1000 cycles as compared that of 3a and 4b. The rate performance test of the anodes Li‐3a and Li‐4a exhibited better performance properties at various C rate than Li‐4b. According to discharge–charge curves, 4a shows one plateau at approximately 0.58 V of the first discharge curve and the initial discharge specific capacity of 972 mAh/g. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of 4a indicates low charge transfer resistance, good conductivity of the electrolyte, and fast chemical adsorption/desorption rate of electrolyte ions on electrode surface, due to the electronic structure of 4a.
Fluorimetric determination of the enantiomers of vigabatrin, an antiepileptic drug, by reversed‐phase HPLC with a novel diastereomer derivatization reagent
Authors: Uekusa Shusuke , Onozato Mayu , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Umino Maho , Ichiba Hideaki , Fukushima Takeshi
Published: December 2020

Herein, determination of an antiepileptic drug, (±)‐vigabatrin (VB), was performed by reversed‐phase HPLC with fluorimetric detection using a newly designed and synthesized fluorescence derivatization reagent, 2,5‐dioxopyrrolidin‐1‐yl (4‐{[(2‐nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]oxy}‐6‐(3‐oxomorpholino)quinoline‐2‐carbonyl)prolinate [Ns‐MOK‐(R)‐ or (S)‐Pro‐OSu]. During the derivatization of VB with Ns‐MOK‐(R)‐Pro‐OSu at 60°C, the nosyl (Ns) group, which was introduced to protect a phenolic hydroxy group, was released within 30 min to produce MOK‐(R)‐Pro‐VB, which was detected fluorimetrically at 448 nm with an excitation wavelength of 333 nm. The VB enantiomers were separated on an octadecylsilica (ODS) column with a resolution value of 5.57, because Ns‐MOK‐(R)‐Pro‐OSu bears an optically active D‐proline structure. A complete separation of MOK‐(R)‐Pro‐(R)‐ and ‐(S)‐VB enantiomers was achieved on the ODS column within 40 min using stepwise gradient elution, and the detection limits were ~0.80 and 0.37 pmol on the column, respectively. The proposed HPLC with fluorimetric detection method was successfully used for determining VB enantiomers in VB‐spiked human serum following solid‐phase extraction with an anion‐exchange cartridge.
A review of business models for decentralised renewable energy projects
Authors: Piterou Athena , Coles Anne‐Marie
Published: December 2020

The diffusion of renewable energy technologies has often been suggested as a means to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, but emphasis tends to be placed on large scale projects. Adoption of renewable energy at the local level provides opportunities for both distributed energy schemes and domestic microgeneration. However, alternative models of ownership, governance and operation are not well developed. Locally managed energy solutions need to respond to varied end users' requirements to ensure that needs are met, so understanding of different types of end users is a prerequisite to the development of robust business models. This paper presents a review of existing models of decentralised energy generation in which actors such as community groups, energy cooperatives, charities and municipalities participate as owners and coproducers. End users can become involved in the design, development and delivery of energy services in a variety of ways. The focus is active user engagement through coconstruction, coproduction and coprovision of energy services. The following categories will be reviewed with reference to current understandings of both sustainable entrepreneurship and social enterprise: (a) energy service companies (ESCos) as commercial actors that undertake management of these projects, (b) energy cooperatives and (c) municipal energy. This analysis is used to reflect on and refine understanding of the relationship between technical, financial and operational constructs in models of decentralised energy generation which can contribute to social and environmental gains.
Long‐term monitoring of dynamic changes in plasma EBV DNA for improved prognosis prediction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Wanxia , Chen Jing , Liang Bijun , Li Zonghua , Li Junzheng , Yuan Xiaofei , Wu Shuting , Zeng Fangfang , Peng Xinyu , Li Yanfei , Lu Juan , Zhao Feipeng , Liu Xiong
Published: December 2020

Background

This study was performed to investigate whether long‐term monitoring of dynamic changes in plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA could improve prognosis prediction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Materials and methods

About 1077 nonmetastatic NPC patients were recruited to retrospectively analyze the prognostic value of plasma EBV DNA load pretreatment and 3, 12, 24, and 36 months posttreatment. We also examined the prognostic value of dynamic changes in plasma EBV DNA at various time points.

Results

Patients with plasma EBV DNA load above optimal pre‐ and posttreatment cut‐offs had significantly worse five‐year progression‐free survival, distant metastasis‐free survival, locoregional relapse‐free survival, and overall survival (OS) at all‐time points, excluding only OS at 36 months posttreatment due to limited mortalities. Patients with persistently undetectable plasma EBV DNA at the first four time points had the best prognosis, followed by those with positive detection pretreatment and consistently negative detection posttreatment, those with negative detection pretreatment and positive detection at one time point posttreatment, and those with positive detection pretreatment and at one time point posttreatment, whereas patients with positive detection at ≥2 time points posttreatment had the worst prognosis. Cox proportional hazard models identified the dynamic change pattern as an independent prognostic factor, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the dynamic change at four time point was more valuable than any single time point for predicting disease progression, distant metastasis, locoregional relapse, and mortality.

Conclusions

Dynamic changes in plasma EBV DNA pre‐ and posttreatment could predict the long‐term survival outcome and provide accurate risk stratification in NPC.
An exploration of ending psychotherapy: The experiences of volunteer counsellors
Authors: Ling Lydia Success , Stathopoulou C. Haroula
Published: December 2020

Background/aims

Literature suggests that the ending phase of therapy can be difficult and challenging for counsellors. Despite this, there is limited research in this area and no study has specifically looked at the experiences of volunteer counsellors. This is the first study to explore the experiences and challenges of volunteer counsellors and the impact of ending therapeutic relationships.

Method/design

A verbatim account of semi‐structured interview data was analysed using thematic analysis. The participants were six volunteer counsellors working in a mental health charity.

Findings

Three main themes were identified during the analysis—length of therapy, impact of organisational structure and strategies for managing challenges.

Discussion

The counsellors perceived the fixed number of eight sessions as insufficient to address the presenting issues and problematic with regard to managing endings. The organisational structure (most likely influenced by the commissioning contracts) had a particular impact on these experiences. Endings were generally experienced as challenging; however, some of the participants perceived the time‐limited therapy as helpful in working with less difficult and complex issues.

Clinical implications

The study highlighted the need for an ongoing consideration of the impact of inflexible regulations/structure by counselling organisations and funding bodies in order to empower and enable these clinicians to practice and manage endings effectively. There is need for therapeutic settings to consider flexibility of therapy length and allow volunteer counsellors to offer their services with some degree of autonomy. Services could think of creative ways of offering interventions based on clients’ needs and complexity of presenting problems.
Premedication of hemin for eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori in patients with porphyria
Authors: Takata Tadayuki , Kokudo Yohei , Morishita Asahiro , Kume Kodai , Yachida Tatsuo , Kamada Masaki , Kobara Hideki , Deguchi Kazushi , Touge Tetsuo , Masugata Hisashi , Masaki Tsutomu
Published: December 2020

Eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori may be safe if hemin has been intravenously administered in advance, even in patients with a history of recurrent acute porphyria attack.
Adsorption Mechanism of Bentonite with Dispersed Chitosan for Cadmium Ions
Authors: Huang Chengdu , Huang Yongchun , Xie Tenghui , Yu Wanguo , Ai Shuo
Published: December 2020

Chitosan was dispersed on bentonite for the preparation of a Cd2+ adsorbent. The adsorption process followed a Freundlich isotherm, and the experimental adsorption capacity was determined. For understanding the adsorption mechanism, the pristine and Cd‐doped adsorbents were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A red shift of the band corresponding to amino groups was observed, while the Cd 3d binding energy declined. Furthermore, density functional theory calculation results indicated that Cd2+ bonded with amino and hydroxyl groups in chitosan. The zeta potential of the adsorbent was lower than that of the support bentonite, improving the electrostatic affinity for Cd2+. The synergy between electrostatic and coordination interactions contributed to the adsorption capacity.
Quality relevant fault detection of batch process via statistical pattern and regression coefficient
Authors: He Fei , Zhao Yanbo
Published: December 2020

Compared with the normal process, the statistical values or the relationships between process variables and the quality that represent process situations would change in an abnormal batch. A novel method named quality relevant fault detection based on statistical pattern and regression coefficients (SPRC) is proposed for the batch process. Firstly, the statistical patterns of the process data, such as mean value and SD, are computed to quantify process characteristics. The regression model is built via linear methods, such as multiple linear regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, to describe the linear relationship. The mutual information between the quality and the process parameters is used to characterize the nonlinear relationship. In this way, statistical patterns and regression coefficients which express batch information constitute the two‐way matrix. Then, the matrix is dimensionally reduced by related method, such as principal component analysis. The relationships hidden in batch process could be sought by SPRC. Finally, two cases, penicillin fermentation and steel hot rolling, are used to validate the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method.