bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Multiple Myeloma Patients Reveals Downregulation of Genes Involved in Cell Cycle Progression, Immune Response, and Bone Metabolism
Authors: Fernando Rodrigo Carlini , Mazzotti Diego Robles , Azevedo Hatylas , Sandes Alex Freire , Rizzatti Edgar Gil , de Oliveira Mariana Bleker , Alves Veruska Lia Fook , Eugênio Angela Isabel Pereira , de Carvalho Fabrício , Dalboni Maria Aparecida , Martins David Correa , Colleoni Gisele Wally Braga
Published: January 2019

A growing body of evidence suggests a key role of tumor microenvironment, especially for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), in the maintenance and progression of multiple myeloma (MM), through direct and indirect interactions with tumor plasma cells. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the gene expression and functional alterations of MSC from MM patients (MM-MSC) in comparison with their normal counterparts from normal donors (ND-MSC). Gene expression analysis (Affymetrix) was performed in MM-MSC and ND-MSC after in vitro expansion. To validate these findings, some genes were selected to be evaluated by quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR), and also functional in vitro analyses were performed. We demonstrated that MM-MSC have a distinct gene expression profile than ND-MSC, with 485 differentially expressed genes (DEG) - 280 upregulated and 205 downregulated. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the main enriched functions among downregulated DEG were related to cell cycle progression, immune response activation and bone metabolism. Four genes were validated by qPCR - ZNF521 and SEMA3A, which are involved in bone metabolism, and HLA-DRA and CHIRL1, which are implicated in the activation of immune response. Taken together, our results suggest that MM-MSC have constitutive abnormalities that remain present even in the absence of tumors cells. The alterations found in cell cycle progression, immune system activation, and osteoblastogenesis suggest, respectively, that MM-MSC are permanently dependent of tumor cells, might contribute to immune evasion and play an essential role in bone lesions frequently found in MM patients.
Construction of a high density genetic map of an interspecific cross of Capsicum chinense and Capsicum annuum and QTL analysis of floral traits
Authors: Zhu Zhangsheng , Sun Binmei , Wei Jianlang , Cai Wen , Huang Zhubin , Chen Changming , Cao Bihao , Chen Guoju , Lei Jianjun
Published: January 2019

The yield of pepper plants (Capsicumspp.) is their most important trait and is affected by the flower number and flowering time.Capsicum annuumproduces a single flower per node and has an early flowering habit. By contrast,Capsicum chinenseyields multiple flowers per node and has a late flowering character. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the control of these floral traits remains largely unknown. In this study, 150 F2populations from an interspecific cross between the inbred lines 740 (C.chinense) and CA1 (C.annuum) and their parents were used to construct a molecular genetic linkage map using the specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technique. This linkage map, spanning 1,586.78 cM in length, contained 9,038 markers on 12 chromosomes, with a mean marker distance of 0.18 cM. Phenotypic data on the flowering time and flower number per node were collected over multiple years, and QTL analysis identified 6 QTLs for the flowering time and flower number per node by composite interval mapping (CIM) and genome-wide composite interval mapping (GCIM) methods at least in two environments. The candidate genes within the major QTL were predicted. In the major flowering time QTL, the candidate geneCapana02g000700, which encodes the homeotic protein APETALA2, was identified. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that its expression level in 740 was higher than that in CA1. Gene expression analysis indicated that the expression ofCapana02g000700was significantly upregulated in flowers, and many floral development-related genes were found to be coexpressed withCapana02g000700, supporting the function of this gene in association with flowering time inC.chinenseandC.annuumspecies.
Identification of recurrent fusion genes across multiple cancer types
Authors: Yu Yan-Ping , Liu Peng , Nelson Joel , Hamilton Ronald L. , Bhargava Rohit , Michalopoulos George , Chen Qi , Zhang Jun , Ma Deqin , Pennathur Arjun , Luketich James , Nalesnik Michael , Tseng George , Luo Jian-Hua
Published: January 2019

Chromosome changes are one of the hallmarks of human malignancies. Chromosomal rearrangement is frequent in human cancers. One of the consequences of chromosomal rearrangement is gene fusions in the cancer genome. We have previously identified a panel of fusion genes in aggressive prostate cancers. In this study, we showed that 6 of these fusion genes are present in 7 different types of human malignancies with variable frequencies. Among them, the CCNH-C5orf30 and TRMT11-GRIK2 gene fusions were found in breast cancer, colon cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian cancer and liver cancer, with frequencies ranging from 12.9% to 85%. In contrast, four other gene fusions (mTOR-TP53BP1, TMEM135-CCDC67, KDM4-AC011523.2 and LRRC59-FLJ60017) are less frequent. Both TRMT11-GRIK2 and CCNH-C5orf30 are also frequently present in lymph node metastatic cancer samples from the breast, colon and ovary. Thus, detecting these fusion transcripts may have significant biological and clinical implications in cancer patient management.
Experimental data from a quantum computer verifies the generalized Pauli exclusion principle
Authors: Smart Scott E. , Schuster David I. , Mazziotti David A.
Published: January 2019

“What are the consequences… that Fermi particles cannot get into the same state…” R. P. Feynman wrote of the Pauli exclusion principle, “In fact, almost all the peculiarities of the material world hinge on this wonderful fact.” In 1972 Borland and Dennis showed that there exist powerful constraints beyond the Pauli exclusion principle on the orbital occupations of Fermi particles, providing important restrictions on quantum correlation and entanglement. Here we use computations on quantum computers to experimentally verify the existence of these additional constraints. Quantum many-fermion states are randomly prepared on the quantum computer and tested for constraint violations. Measurements show no violation and confirm the generalized Pauli exclusion principle with an error of one part in one quintillion.
Identification and optical features of the Pb4Ln2O7 series (Ln = La, Gd, Sm, Nd); genuine 2D-van der Waals oxides
Authors: Colmont Marie , Lemoine Kévin , Roussel Pascal , Kabbour Houria , Olchowka Jacob , Henry Natacha , Hagemann Hans , Mentré Olivier
Published: January 2019

A new Pb4Ln2O7 series (Ln = La, Gd, Sm and Nd) of real van der Waals 2D oxides was isolated and characterized. The presence of Pb2+ sensitizers enhances the luminescence properties on Sm and Eu doped compounds.
Dual-cubic-cage based lanthanide sulfate–carboxylpyrazolate frameworks with high hydrolytic stability and remarkable proton conduction
Authors: He Liang , Nath Jayanta Kumar , Chen Er-Xia , Lai Heng-Dong , Huang Shan-Lin , Lin Qipu
Published: January 2019

Lanthanide sulfate–carboxylpyrazolate nets, which have double cuboid cavities, encapsulated single-ion hydrates, tolerance in water for 6 months and even under a 200 °C hydrothermal condition tested for 3 days, and high proton-conductivity of over 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C and at 97% relative humidity are reported.
Theoretical perspective on the reaction mechanism from arylpentazenes to arylpentazoles: new insights into the enhancement of cyclo-N5 production
Authors: Ren Guanghua , Liu Runze , Zhou Panwang , Zhang Chaoyang , Liu Jianyong , Han Keli
Published: January 2019

A thorough theoretical exploration of the formation mechanism of arylpentazole (cyclo-N5), the key precursor of cyclo-N5−, has been performed.
Inhibitor structure-guided design and synthesis of near-infrared fluorescent probes for monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and its application in living cells and in vivo
Authors: Yang Zhengmin , Li Wenxiu , Chen Hua , Mo Qingyuan , Li Jun , Zhao Shulin , Hou Cheng , Qin Jiangke , Su Guifa
Published: January 2019

A series of near-infrared fluorescent probes based on inhibitor (clorgyline) structure-guided design were synthesized for the specific detection of MAO-A in cells and in vivo.
Rigidification of a macrocyclic tris-catecholate scaffold leads to electronic localisation of its mixed valent redox product
Authors: Greatorex Sam , Vincent Kevin B. , Baldansuren Amgalanbaatar , McInnes Eric J. L. , Patmore Nathan J. , Sproules Stephen , Halcrow Malcolm A.
Published: January 2019

One-electron oxidation of the compound shown shows no evidence for intervalence charge transfer in the macrocylic ligand radical product. In contrast, related [{Pt(L)}3(μ3-ctc˙)]+(H6ctc = cyclotricatechylene), exhibits class II mixed valency.
A broad-range temperature sensor dependent on the magnetic and optical properties of SrF2:Yb3+, Ho3+
Authors: Du Shanshan , Wang Yuhua
Published: January 2019

Co-doped SrF2: Yb3+, Ho3+ nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully synthesized and upconversion luminescence (UCL) was demonstrated under excitation at 980 nm.
Crystal morphology fixed by interplay of π-stacking and hydrogen bonds – the case of 1-hydroxypyrene
Authors: Gajda Roman , Domański Mateusz A. , Malinska Maura , Makal Anna
Published: January 2019

Crystal structure of 1-hydroxypyrene has been determined and its luminescence in the solid state described. An interplay of π-stacking and H-bonds results in a conserved morphology and great flexibility of the crystals. This crystal structure can be described as a set of ‘molecular springs’.
Tuning polaronic redox behavior in olivine phosphate
Authors: Gu Yue , Weng Mouyi , Teng Gaofeng , Zeng Hua , Jie Jianshu , Xiao Weiji , Zheng Jiaxin , Pan Feng
Published: January 2019

In order to understand and improve the conductivity of LiFePO4, lots of attempts have been made both experimentally and theoretically.
The role of symmetric functionalisation on photoisomerisation of a UV commercial chemical filter
Authors: Woolley Jack M. , Peters Jack S. , Turner Matthew A. P. , Clarkson Guy J. , Horbury Michael D. , Stavros Vasilios G.
Published: January 2019

Photoisomerisation has been shown to be an efficient excited-state relaxation mechanism for a variety of nature-based and artificial-based molecular systems.
Symmetry-breaking effects on time-dependent dynamics: correct differential cross sections and other properties in H+ + C2H4 at ELab = 30 eV
Authors: McLaurin Patrick M. , Merritt Ryan , Dominguez Juan C. , Teixeira Erico S. , Morales Jorge A.
Published: January 2019

Low degrees of symmetry breaking in initial states lead to full-blown symmetry breaking and improved predictions in time-dependent direct dynamics.
Synergy of the catalytic activation on Ni and the CeO2–TiO2/Ce2Ti2O7 stoichiometric redox cycle for dramatically enhanced solar fuel production
Authors: Ruan Chongyan , Huang Zheng-Qing , Lin Jian , Li Lin , Liu Xiaoyan , Tian Ming , Huang Chuande , Chang Chun-Ran , Li Jun , Wang Xiaodong
Published: January 2019

Synergy between the reactant activation by catalytically active Ni and the CeO2–TiO2/Ce2Ti2O7 stoichiometric redox cycle for dramatically enhanced solar fuel production.
Experimental validation of a test to estimate the remaining adsorption capacity of granular activated carbon for taste and odour compounds
Authors: Huang Yifeng , Nie Zhijie , Yuan Jie , Murray Audrey , Li Yi , Woods-Chabane Gwen , Hofmann Ron
Published: January 2019

A test was developed to measure the present-day adsorptive capacity of granular activated to help drinking water treatment professionals to determine when the GAC needs replacement.
Accurate quantification of carboplatin adducts with serum proteins by monolithic chromatography coupled to ICPMS with isotope dilution analysis
Authors: Larios Raquel , Del Castillo Busto M. Estela , Garcia-Sar Daniel , Ward-Deitrich Christian , Goenaga-Infante Heidi
Published: January 2019

This work demonstrates for the first time the potential of monolithic chromatography coupled to double species-specific isotope dilution analysis (IDA) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for the detection and accurate quantification of adducts of plasma/serum proteins with carboplatin, an anti-cancer drug.
On-chip stool liquefaction via acoustofluidics
Authors: Zhao Shuaiguo , He Weihua , Ma Zhehan , Liu Peiyao , Huang Po-Hsun , Bachman Hunter , Wang Lin , Yang Shujie , Tian Zhenhua , Wang Zeyu , Gu Yuyang , Xie Zhemiao , Huang Tony Jun
Published: January 2019

An acoustofluidic chip can liquefy stool samples in a continuous flow.
Probing surface states in C60decorated ZnO microwires: detailed photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence investigations
Authors: Rodrigues Joana , Smazna Daria , Ben Sedrine Nabiha , Nogales Emilio , Adelung Rainer , Mishra Yogendra K. , Mendez Bianchi , Correia Maria R. , Monteiro Teresa
Published: January 2019

ZnO/C60composites were studied by spectroscopic techniques, suggesting the possibility of controlling/tuning the emission outcome by changing the C60amount on the ZnO surface.
Chemistry, bioactivity and biosynthesis of cyanobacterial alkylresorcinols
Authors: Martins Teresa P. , Rouger Caroline , Glasser Nathaniel R. , Freitas Sara , de Fraissinette Nelly B. , Balskus Emily P. , Tasdemir Deniz , Leão Pedro N.
Published: January 2019

This review covers the structure, synthesis, biological activity, biosynthesis and distribution of cyanobacterial alkylresorcinols.
A modified “gel-blowing” strategy toward the one-step mass production of a 3D N-doped carbon nanosheet@carbon nanotube hybrid network for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Weiwei , Du Yu , Zeng Jinjue , Liu Fei , Zhu Yongming
Published: January 2019

We have realized the synchronous and large-scale synthesis of 1D CNTs on 2D N-doped carbon nanosheets (NCNS) by a one-step annealing of a gel precursor.
Tetranuclear rare-earth complexes: energy barrier enhancement and two-step slow magnetic relaxation activated by ligand substitution
Authors: Gou Jian , Liu Shuang , Wang Yun-Juan , Li Ling , Ren Peng , Gao Hong-Ling , Cui Jian-Zhong
Published: January 2019

The influence of tuning the β-diketone on the modulation of the magnetic properties is demonstrated.
Highly functionalized cyclohexanone-monocyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum perforatum induce leukemia cell apoptosis
Authors: Guo Yi , Tong Qingyi , Zhang Na , Duan Xueyan , Cao Yunfang , Zhu Hucheng , Xie Shuangshuang , Yang Jing , Zhang Jinwen , Liu Yanfei , Xue Yongbo , Zhang Yonghui
Published: January 2019

Five degraded C-MPAP derivatives were isolated from the stems and leaves of Hypericum perforatum.
Enantioselective synthesis of trifluoromethylated dihydroquinoxalinones via palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation
Authors: Chen Mu-Wang , Deng Zhihong , Yang Qin , Huang Jian , Peng Yiyuan
Published: January 2019

A highly enantioselective palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxalinones has been successfully developed, providing a general and facile access to chiral 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroquinoxalinones with up to 99% ee.
Recent advances of self-assembling peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Li Jieling , Xing Ruirui , Bai Shuo , Yan Xuehai
Published: January 2019

The review introduces several methods for fabrication of robust peptide-based hydrogels and their biological applications in the fields of drug delivery and antitumor therapy, antimicrobial and wound healing materials, and 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering.
Flame-retarding nanoparticles as the compatibilizers for immiscible polymer blends: simultaneously enhanced mechanical performance and flame retardancy
Authors: Fu Zhiang , Wang Hengti , Zhao Xuewen , Li Xuan , Gu Xiaoying , Li Yongjin
Published: January 2019

Reactive boehmite nanorods located at the interface not only act as an effective compatibilizer for the blends, but also take the role of a flame retardant to isolate the flame and oxygen during combustion.
Real-time monitoring of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in the rat brain by developing a ratiometric electrochemical biosensor
Authors: Liu Feiyue , Dong Hui , Tian Yang
Published: January 2019

As a reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO−) generated by nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2˙−) plays important roles in physiological and pathological processes in the brain.
Rational design of an ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction method for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides
Authors: Lu Dingkun , Liu Chang , Deng Jingjing , Zhou Xinguang , Shi Guoyue , Zhou Tianshu
Published: January 2019

In this study, a functionalized ionic liquid (IL), [MimCH2COOCH3][NTf2] was rationally designed and explored as an extraction solvent in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) for the sensitive determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs).
One-step co-assembly method to fabricate photosensitive peptide nanoparticles for two-photon photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Jieling , Wang Anhe , Ren Peng , Yan Xuehai , Bai Shuo
Published: January 2019

Peptide-based nanoparticles were employed to load and disperse hydrophobic porphyrins through a one-step co-assembly method for two-photon photodynamic therapy.
Synthesis of photo-excited Chlorin e6 conjugated silica nanoparticles for enhanced anti-bacterial efficiency to overcome methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lin Jia-fu , Li Juan , Gopal Ashna , Munshi Tasnim , Chu Yi-wen , Wang Jiang-xia , Liu Ting-ting , Shi Bingyang , Chen Xianfeng , Yan Li
Published: January 2019

Nano photodynamic therapy to overcome multidrug resistant bacteria.
Fluorescence amplified sensing platforms enabling miRNA detection by self-circulation of a molecular beacon circuit
Authors: Guk Kyeonghye , Hwang Seul Gee , Lim Jaewoo , Son Hye-young , Choi Yuna , Huh Yong-Min , Kang Taejoon , Jung Juyeon , Lim Eun-Kyung
Published: January 2019

We have proposed a novel strategy for miRNA detection with enzyme-free signal amplification by self-circulation of the hybridization between the miRNAs and molecular beacon (MB) circuits.
Thermoelectric properties of the tetrahedrite–tennantite solid solutions Cu12Sb4−xAsxS13 and Cu10Co2Sb4−yAsyS13 (0 ≤ x, y ≤ 4)
Authors: Levinsky Petr , Candolfi Christophe , Dauscher Anne , Tobola Janusz , Hejtmánek Jiří , Lenoir Bertrand
Published: January 2019

This work reports a detailed study of the thermoelectric properties of the tetrahedrite–tennantite solid solutions Cu12Sb4−xAsxS13 and Cu10Co2Sb4−yAsyS13 (0 ≤ x, y ≤ 4) in a wide range of temperatures (5–700 K) with a peak ZT of 0.75 at 700 K.
Direct construction of carbazoles from 2-methyl-indole-3-carbaldehydes and enals
Authors: Liu Dehai , Huang Jie , Fu Zhenqian , Huang Wei
Published: January 2019

The direct and rapid construction of carbazoles was achieved based on the reaction of 2-methyl-indole-3-carbaldehydes and enals promoted by the Lewis acid LiCl and DBU in a single operation.
NiO nanowires as hole-transfer layer for drastic enhancement of CdSe-sensitized photocathodes
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Dong Yuming , Wang Guangli , Jiang Pingping , Zhang Yuxia , Miao Hongyan , Wu Xiuming
Published: January 2019

Grass-like NiO nanowires as a hole-transfer layer to improve light capture efficiency and charge transfer rate for a CdSe-sensitized photocathode.
Tunable enforced cavities inside self-assembled capsules
Authors: Maehara Takeshi , Sekiya Ryo , Harada Kentaro , Haino Takeharu
Published: January 2019

Controlling and tuning the molecular recognition properties is a crucial task in host–guest chemistry.
Progress in targeting RAS with small molecule drugs
Authors: McCormick Frank
Published: January 2019

RAS proteins have traditionally been deemed undruggable, as they do not possess an active site to which small molecules could bind but small molecules that target one form of oncogenic RAS, KRAS G12C, are already in preclinical and clinical trials, and several other compounds that bind to different RAS proteins at distinct sites are in earlier stage evaluation. KRAS is the major clinical target, as it is by far the most significant form of RAS in terms of cancer incidence. Unfortunately, KRAS exists in two isoforms, each with unique biochemical properties. This complicates efforts to target KRAS specifically. KRAS is also a member of a family of closely related proteins, which share similar effector-binding regions and G-domains, further increasing the challenge of specificity. Nevertheless, progress is being made, driven by new drug discovery technologies and creative science.
Balancing mitochondrial dynamics via increasing mitochondrial fusion attenuates infarct size and left ventricular dysfunction in rats with cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Maneechote Chayodom , Palee Siripong , Kerdphoo Sasiwan , Jaiwongkam Thidarat , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon
Published: January 2019

An uncontrolled balance of mitochondrial dynamics has been shown to contribute to cardiac dysfunction during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although inhibition of mitochondrial fission could ameliorate cardiac dysfunction, modulation of mitochondrial fusion by giving a fusion promoter at different time-points during cardiac I/R injury has never been investigated. We hypothesized that giving of a mitochondrial fusion promoter at different time-points exerts cardioprotection with different levels of efficacy in rats with cardiac I/R injury. Forty male Wistar rats were subjected to a 30-min ischemia by coronary occlusion, followed by a 120-min reperfusion. The rats were then randomly divided into control and three treated groups: pre-ischemia, during-ischemia, and onset of reperfusion. A pharmacological mitochondrial fusion promoter-M1 (2 mg/kg) was used for intervention. Reduced mitochondrial fusion protein was observed after cardiac I/R injury. M1 administered prior to ischemia exerted the highest level of cardioprotection by improving both cardiac mitochondrial function and dynamics regulation, attenuating incidence of arrhythmia, reducing infarct size and cardiac apoptosis, which led to the preservation of cardiac function and decreased mortality. M1 given during ischemia and on the onset of reperfusion also exerted cardioprotection, but with a lower efficacy than when given at the pre-ischemia time-point. Attenuating a reduction in mitochondrial fusion proteins during myocardial ischemia and at the onset of reperfusion exerted cardioprotection by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamic imbalance, thus reducing infarct size and improving cardiac function. These findings indicate that it could be a promising intervention with the potential to afford cardioprotection in the clinical setting of acute myocardial infarction.
The Production of Question Intonation by Young Adult Cochlear Implant Users: Does Age at Implantation Matter?
Authors: Lehnert-LeHouillier Heike , Spencer Linda J. , Machmer Elizabeth L. , Burchell Kristy L.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this observational study was to investigate the properties of sentence-final prosody in yes/no questions produced by cochlear implant (CI) users in order to determine whether and how the age at CI implantation impacts CI users' production of question intonation later in life.

Method

We acoustically analyzed recordings from 46 young adult CI users and 10 young adults with normal hearing who read yes/no questions. Of the 46 CI users, 20 had received their CI before the age of 4.0 years (early implantation group), 15 between ages 4.0 and 8.11 years (midimplantation group), and 11 at the age of 9.0 years or later (late implantation group). We assessed the prosodic properties of the produced questions for each implantation group and the normal hearing comparison group (a) by measuring the sentence-final rise in fundamental frequency, (b) by labeling the question-final intonation contour using the Tones and Breaks Index (Beckman & Ayers, 1994;Silverman, Beckman, et al., 1992;Veilleux, Shattuck-Hufnagel, & Brugos, 2006), and (c) by assessing phrase-final lengthening.

Results

The fundamental frequency rises produced by all CI users exhibited a smaller magnitude than those produced by the normal hearing comparison group, although the difference between early implanted CI users and the normal hearing group did not reach statistical significance. Early implanted CI users were more comparable in their use of question-final intonation contours to the individuals with typical hearing than to those users with CI implanted later in life. All CI users exhibited significantly less phrase-final lengthening than the normal hearing comparison group, regardless of age at CI implantation.

Conclusion

The results of this investigation of question intonation produced by CI users suggest that those CI users who were implanted with CI earlier in life produce yes/no question intonation in a manner that is more similar to, albeit not the same as, individuals with normal hearing when compared to the productions of those users with CI implanted after 4.0 years of age.
Changes in Articulatory Control Pre– and Post–Facial Transplant: A Case Report
Authors: Grigos Maria I. , LeBlanc Étoile , Hagedorn Christina , Diaz-Siso J. Rodrigo , Plana Natalie , Rodriguez Eduardo D.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Facial transplantation involves partial or total replacement of neuromuscular and skeletal structures of the face, head, and neck using donor tissues and is among the most extensive facial reconstructive procedures. This case report compares changes in speech production and articulator movement in a 44-year-old man from pretransplant to a 13-month posttransplant period.

Method

Speech production and articulator movement data were examined at 5 time points, once pretransplant and 4 times posttransplant (4, 7, 10, and 13 months), and compared to 4 healthy controls. A motion capture system was used to track jaw and vertical/horizontal lip movement during nonspeech and speech tasks. Speech intelligibility, jaw displacement, lip aperture, and movement variability were measured.

Results

Speech intelligibility varied across the study period and was restored to control status by 7 months posttransplant. Jaw displacement and lip aperture in the vertical plane significantly increased over time for nonspeech and speech tasks. Changes in horizontal lip movements over time were minimal. Jaw and lip movement variability fluctuated over time and was greater than the controls by 13 months posttransplant.

Discussion

Findings quantify changes in articulator movement and contributions to improved speech production following facial transplant. Changes reflect the adaptability of the speech motor system and are discussed in relation to pretransplant speech motor control patterns.
Hardware prototype demonstration of a cognitive sub‐Nyquist automotive radar
Authors: Feinberg G. , Mulleti S. , Shoshan E. , Eldar Y.C.
Published: January 2019

Automotive radar (AR) plays a key role in autonomous vehicles. A modern‐day AR requires cognition to adapt to its dynamically changing environment. In an automotive environment, the number of ARs needed to operate simultaneously varies rapidly and these ARs should transceive without mutual interference. Most widely used AR systems use frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar due to their smaller bandwidth and cost compared with pulse Doppler radar (PDR). By using sub‐Nyquist based techniques, such as Xampling, the authors show here that the targets could be estimated from low rate samples even with a PDR. In this study, they demonstrate a hardware prototype demonstrating the applicability of sub‐Nyquist PDR as a cognitive AR. They consider a scenario where a number of ARs are mounted on a vehicle and need to look simultaneously into different directions without interfering with each other. The available bandwidth is divided into several non‐overlapping subbands, which depend on the number of ARs required. Each AR is assigned a set of randomly spaced subbands for its transceiver to operate. Through simulations, they show that the ARs could detect targets simultaneously without interference. Furthermore, the noise robustness of their sub‐Nyquist reconstruction method is better than the standard matched‐filtering approach.
Development of generalised relationship between active and rotating vectors in matrix converters
Authors: Nguyen H.‐N. , Nguyen T.D. , Lee H.‐H.
Published: January 2019

In the past, rotating vectors were not commonly used in most modulation strategies for matrix converters (MCs) because their angular positions always change over time, making it difficult to create a repetitive switching pattern. To make them easier to use, the relationship between active vectors and rotating vectors was analysed regarding the output voltage and input current, which are the main objectives of the MC‐modulation strategy. Based on a theoretical analysis, an active vector is equivalently replaced with a set of rotating vectors. The proposed idea to apply the rotating vectors was evaluated with the conventional space vector modulation method and showed good input/output waveforms and zero common‐mode voltage.
Experiment‐based supervised learning approach toward condition monitoring of PV array mismatch
Authors: Liu Guangyu , Yu Weijie , Zhu Ling
Published: January 2019

Unprecedented mismatch occur frequently in the photovoltaic (PV) array systems, challenging the classical monitoring systems. However, the study of artificial intelligence methods lacks some well‐designed experiments for a systematic verification because mismatch are influenced by many aspects such as the PV array, the DC–DC converter, the DC–AC inverter, the loads as well as the environmental variables. The objective has two folds. One is to design some identical apparatuses to emulate the ‘same’ real‐world solar power station that is operated under multiple mismatch for a controllable, repeatable and comparable experimental study. Another is to propose a novel condition monitoring strategy based on the backward propagation neural network and a decision‐making formula. Some controllable indoor experiments and uncontrollable outdoor experiments are carried out to verify the ideas. Such work has never been studied before. The experimental results show that the derived monitoring systems identify and classify accurately different mismatch in both indoor tests and outdoor experiments. Moreover, real‐time experimental results infer that the data‐driven approach with the self‐learning capabilities is adaptive to the environmental changes. Therefore, the supervised learning‐based condition monitoring strategy is promising in the solar power industry in terms of operation management and performance enhancement.
Investigating the impact of protection system reinforcement cost on the consumers associated with renewable integrated distribution network
Authors: Murari Krishna , Padhy Narayana Prasad , Pradhan Ashok Kumar , Li Furong
Published: January 2019

Conventional distribution network is a radial network with a single power source. Usually, overcurrent protection schemes are employed for such system protection for their simplicity and low cost. With the introduction of renewable generations, the existing protection coordination needs to be upgraded. Provision of directional feature and the requirement of high capacity circuit‐breakers at certain points for the protection scheme demands considerable investment. The renovation cost required for upgrading the protection scheme will significantly impact the network cost requirement and consequently distribution use of system (DUoS) charges. This study aims to investigate the impact of renewable generations on the DUoS charges considering the cost associated in revamping the protection scheme. A power flow based MW + MVAr‐miles DUoS charging method, that considers used capacity of the network, is proposed to carry out the DUoS charging calculations. The proposed charging mechanism appraise/penalise the users in accordance they are affecting system power factor. Accordingly, the proposed pricing algorithm may encourage users to act based on the economic signal generated at each location. The proposed charging algorithm has been tested on IEEE‐33 and IEEE‐69 bus distribution systems to examine the impact of renewable generations on the use of network costs.
Extension of life of distribution transformer using Volt‐VAr optimisation in a distribution system
Authors: Kumar Kanhaiya , Satsangi Saran , Kumbhar Ganesh B.
Published: January 2019

In the literature, many works detail the benefits of Volt‐VAr control to minimise the losses in a distribution system. However, it is also important to understand the impact of it on the life of the other assets in a distribution system. Since, distribution transformers (DTs) are the important assets of a distribution system, the main objective of this paper is to appraise the impact of Volt‐VAr control on the life of DTs. The paper presents a detailed methodology to estimate the loss of life (LoL) of the DTs under various Volt‐VAr control schemes, such as base‐case (without any control), voltage control, and Volt‐VAr control (VVC). The proposed methodology is implemented on modified IEEE 13‐bus and IIT‐Roorkee distribution systems considering the voltage‐dependent load models, seasonal load influences, and harmonics. The simulation results are presented to explore the ability of VVC in reducing the hottest‐spot temperature in the DTs during peak hours. The results reveal that the life of the DT can be extended by a considerable amount by optimally controlling the voltages and reactive power flows in the distribution system. Moreover, it gives a significant reduction in energy losses and improvement in power factor in distribution systems.
Small‐signal stability analysis and control of stochastic time‐variant power system through differential inclusion theory
Authors: Chen Hongkun , Hu Pan , Zhu Xiaohang , Chen Lei
Published: January 2019

Here, small‐signal stability issue associated with multi‐scale uncertainty excitation is investigated by using differential inclusion theory. Specifically, a polytopic linear differential inclusion (PLDI) model for large‐scale uncertainty system is developed, in which a modified non‐sequence Monte Carlo method is introduced to identify a series of time‐variant operation states. Additionally, a simplified small‐signal model of renewable energy resources (RES) is proposed, the outputs of RES are modelled as time‐varying elements in PLDI model to reflect the uncertainty in the linearised matrix. The stability criterion for the stochastic time‐varying system is mathematically deduced based on convex hull Lyapunov function (CHLF). The criterion is then utilised to design robust stabilisers for stochastic system. Simulation, utilising two‐area four‐machine system and New England 39‐bus test system, demonstrates the benefits of the proposed model in describing system stochastic characteristics, designing additional controllers and reducing computational burden.
Adaptive protection combined with machine learning for microgrids
Authors: Lin Hengwei , Sun Kai , Tan Zheng‐Hua , Liu Chengxi , Guerrero Josep M. , Vasquez Juan C.
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a rule‐based adaptive protection scheme using machine‐learning methodology for microgrids in extensive distribution automation (DA). The uncertain elements in a microgrid are first analysed quantitatively by Pearson correlation coefficients from data mining. Then, a so‐called hybrid artificial neural network and support vector machine (ANN‐SVM) model is proposed for state recognition in microgrids, which utilises the growing massive data streams in smart grids. Based on the state recognition in the algorithm, adaptive reconfigurations can be implemented with enhanced decision‐making to modify the protective settings and the network topology to ensure the reliability of the intelligent operation. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated on a microgrid model in Aalborg, Denmark and an IEEE 9 bus model, respectively.
Improved active clamped ZVS buck converter with freewheeling current transfer circuit
Authors: Fan Shaogui , Sun Li , Duan Jiandong , Zhang Kai
Published: January 2019

An improved active clamped zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) buck converter with freewheeling current transfer circuit is proposed in this study. Comparing with the traditional active clamped ZVS buck converter, the current of freewheeling diode, the clamping voltage and duty cycle loss are all halved. The reduced current and voltage stress will result in high reliability and efficiency. Moreover, the reduced duty cycle loss will result in a low input voltage. In the improved converter, a small inductor and an auxiliary diode are added to build the freewheeling current transfer circuit. The operating principle of the improved converter is described. The analysis and design considerations of the proposed converter are given. A 1.2 kW prototype converter is set up to validate the improved converter.
Non‐sine wave characteristic in the magnetic field of the wireless power transfer system
Authors: Kang Jianwei , Wang Quandi , Li Wanlu , Wang Yingcong
Published: January 2019

This study presents an insight into the time‐varying characteristic, especially for the non‐sine wave characteristic, of magnetic field (MF) of the wireless power transfer system. First, a filament mode is built and a key expression of MF is obtained, presenting a theoretical proof of the existence of the non‐sine wave. Second, the reasons and conditions of the non‐sine wave are discussed from both electromagnetic and circuit views. Third, the quantity of MF sine‐wave distortion (MFSD) is proposed to quantify the non‐sine wave characteristic. The current phase difference (CPD) and the current magnitude ratio (CMR) are used to denote the working conditions of the WTPS. The MFSD under a sweeping CPD and CMR is analysed, perfectly quantifying the non‐sine wave characteristic and showing that the CPD = −90° and CMR = 1 are the most evident situations of the non‐sine wave appearing. Fourth, a sine‐wave assumption and its related complex magnitude of the total MF are analysed and compared by the maximum real value of MF. This finding shows that an error of 35% could appear under the sine‐wave assumption but can be eliminated by the method in this study. Finally, an experiment has been conducted to verify the analysis.
Low‐complexity wireless sensor system for partial discharge localisation
Authors: Iorkyase Ephraim T. , Tachtatzis Christos , Lazaridis Pavlos , Glover Ian A. , Atkinson Robert C.
Published: January 2019

This study describes a key element of any modern wireless sensor system: data processing. The authors describe a system consisting of a wireless sensor network and an algorithmic software for condition‐based monitoring of electrical plant in a live substation. Specifically, the aim is to monitor for the presence of partial discharge (PD) using a matrix of inexpensive radio sensors with limited processing capability. A low‐complexity fingerprinting technique is proposed, given that the sensor nodes to be deployed will be highly constrained in terms of processing power, memory and battery life. Two variants of artificial neural network (ANN) learning models (multilayer perceptron and generalised regression neural network) that use regression as a form of function approximation are developed and their performance compared to K‐nearest neighbour and weighted K‐nearest neighbour models. The results indicate that the ANN models yield superior performance in terms of robustness against noise and may be particularly suited for PD localisation.
Clustering properties of TGSS radio sources
Authors: Dolfi Arianna , Branchini Enzo , Bilicki Maciej , Balaguera-Antolínez Andrés , Prandoni Isabella , Pandit Rishikesh
Published: January 2019

We investigate the clustering properties of radio sources in the Alternative Data Release 1 of the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS), focusing on large angular scales, where previous analyses have detected a large clustering signal. After appropriate data selection, the TGSS sample we use contains ∼110 000 sources selected at 150 MHz over ∼70% of the sky. The survey footprint is largely superimposed on that of the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) with the majority of TGSS sources having a counterpart in the NVSS sample. These characteristics make TGSS suitable for large-scale clustering analyses and facilitate the comparison with the results of previous studies. In this analysis we focus on the angular power spectrum, although the angular correlation function is also computed to quantify the contribution of multiple-component radio sources. We find that on large angular scales, corresponding to multipoles 2 ≤ ℓ ≤ 30, the amplitude of the TGSS angular power spectrum is significantly larger than that of the NVSS. We do not identify any observational systematic effects that may explain this mismatch. We have produced a number of physically motivated models for the TGSS angular power spectrum and found that all of them fail to match observations, even when taking into account observational and theoretical uncertainties. The same models provide a good fit to the angular spectrum of the NVSS sources. These results confirm the anomalous nature of the TGSS large-scale power, which has no obvious physical origin and seems to indicate that unknown systematic errors are present in the TGSS dataset.
A robust method to identify meteor showers new parent bodies from the SonotaCo and EDMOND meteoroid orbit databases
Authors: Guennoun M. , Vaubaillon J. , Čapek D. , Koten P. , Benkhaldoun Z.
Published: January 2019

Context. Several new meteor showers are added to the International Astronomical Union (IAU) list of meteor showers every year. Given the multiplication of video meteor measurements new parent bodies are to be found in addition to new showers. Such an endeavor is usually performed by comparing orbital elements, using a high threshold single-linking Dsh-criterion. However, questions remain about the accuracy of the method and the veracity of the newly associated parent bodies.

Aims. Our goal is to find the presence of new parent bodies in a statistical meaningful way.

Methods. A search for parent bodies was performed among SonotaCo and EDMOND databases. The association of asteroids with meteors was based on different methods, discussed and compared below. In addition, a thorough statistical test was performed in order to investigate the possible random associations.

Results. A list of potential new parent bodies associated with at least 50 meteors is found. A statistical test was used to show whether the group of meteor orbits and the asteroid is a random coincidence or not. Out of 54 potential new parent bodies, only three new parent bodies are not excluded by the statistical test: 2014 BN14, 2015 TX24 and 2015 QT3, with a probability of chance occurrence of 37, 10 and 13%, respectively. This shows the need for rigorous method when searching for the existence of meteor showers and parent bodies.

Conclusions. Ideally, such a test (or even better, tests) should be conducted in order to confirm (or not) the current IAU list of meteor showers. Similarly, all meteor orbit data in our databases should ideally be revisited using the latest methods providing a better estimate of the real uncertainty and accuracy of the derived orbits.
GNSS-based analysis of high latitude ionospheric response on a sequence of geomagnetic storms performed with ROTI and a new relative STEC indicator
Authors: Sieradzki Rafal , Paziewski Jacek
Published: January 2019

This contribution presents a combined analysis of the occurrence of polar patches and development of auroral oval triggered by a sequence of geomagnetic storms in March 2012. The detection of the patches was realized with relative slant TEC (STEC) values extracted from geometry-free combination using novel, iterative algorithm of 4-degree polynomial fitting. The proposed approach allows sensing of large structures with high temporal resolution, since it provides epoch-wise information on STEC enhancement in respect to the specified background level. The comparative analysis of the novel indicator with well-known Rate of TEC Index (ROTI) has shown that the new one ensures the more detailed view on patch propagation. The applicability of relative STEC values was also preliminary confirmed by their validation with plasma density data obtained from SWARM mission. The evolution of auroral oval, involving its expansion as well as the intensity of TEC fluctuation, was performed with ROTI parameter. The results of patch occurrence and oval expansion for different geomagnetic conditions are consistent with previous works what proves the feasibility of comprehensive global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based analyses with the proposed methodology.
Preface to measurement, specification and forecasting of the Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) environment and Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs)
Authors: Mishev Alexander , Jiggens Piers
Published: January 2019

The Sun emits energetic particles following eruptive events such as solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) arrive in bursts known as Solar Particle Events (SPEs), which penetrate into the Earth’s magnetosphere. SEPs with large enough energy induce a complicated atmospheric cascade, which secondary particles lead to an enhancement of count rate of ground-based detectors e.g. Neutron Monitors (NMs). This class of SEPs is therefore referred as Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs). The characterisation of the high-energy SEPs environment with corresponding space weather effects is important for space flights, aviation, and satellite industry. In this topical issue recent developments, addressing important user needs in the space radiation environment domain are published. Some articles are relevant to the specification of the SEP environment whilst others focus on space weather prediction of SEP fluxes. Catalogues based on measurement and processing of SEPs including ground-based data, and modelling of aircrew radiation exposure during major events are also presented.
Arzneimittelinteraktionen, die man kennen muss!
Authors: Voigt Niels , Ort Katharina , Sossalla Samuel
Published: January 2019

Drug-drug interactions (DDI) represent a significant problem in modern medicine. The number of patients with multi-morbidity, who take multiple drugs, is constantly increasing (polypharmacy). The related exponential increase in potential DDI is almost incomprehensible. In this article, we review pharmacodynamic DDI and provide clinically relevant examples. In addition, we extensively review pharmakokinetic DDI (e. g. through the cytochrome P450-system or p-glycoproteins) that can modify the plasma concentration of many compounds, thereby also increasing the likelihood of unwanted side effects. Finally we provide tools, which may help clinicians in their daily practice to identify and avoid potential DDI. In the context of an ageing society receiving polypharmacy, a better awareness of DDI and of strategies to prevent them is expected to reduce mortality and morbidity.