bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Pendekatan Shari'a Compliant Assets Pricing Model dalam Pembentukan Portofolio Optimal Saham Syariah
Authors: Sari Amalia Ratna , Hendrawaty Ernie , Faisol Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Instrumen investasi pasti memiliki risiko yang menjadi pertimbangan bagi para investor. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis risiko yang ada para investor masih memiliki kemampuan yang relatif terbatas. Hal ini bisa mempengaruhi investor untuk mengambil keputusan dalam berinvestasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi portofolio optimal saham dan besarnya proporsi dana pada masing-masing saham menggunakan pendekatan Shari’a Compliant Assets Pricing Model yaitu mengganti risk free dengan SBIS (Serifikat Bank Indonesia Syariah). Penelitian ini memiliki populasi sebanyak 17 saham yang tergabung dalam JII 30 secara berturut-turut pada tahun 2016−2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 9 saham yang masuk dalam portofolio optimal serta proporsi dana yang terbentuk yaitu: ICBP sebesar 21,30%, ADRO sebesar 15,67%, ASII sebesar 12,73%, UNTR sebesar 12,35%, INCO sebesar 10,95%, INDF sebesar 10,79%, UNVR sebesar 8,562%, TLKM sebesar 7,354%,  dan KLBF sebesar 0,294%,
The Relationship Between Unemployment and Economic Growth in South Africa: VAR Analysis
Authors:   Near East University, Nicosia/TRNC, Northern Cyprus, Khalid Waqar
Published: July 2021

This article aims to study real GDP, inflation rate, exchange rate and their impacts on the unemployment rate in South Africa by considering the annual time-series data covering the period 1980-2018. The findings of the Johansen approach to co-integration concluded that there was no evidence of a long-run connection among the variables. The findings of Granger causality reported that there was bidirectional causality between the pairs of real GDP vs. unemployment rate, exchange rate vs. unemployment rate, and inflation rate vs. unemployment rate; however, a unidirectional causality was found in the pairs of real GDP vs. exchange rate and inflation rate vs. exchange rate. The findings of impulse-responses demonstrated that there was a negative significant response of the exchange rate to the unemployment rate in the long-run; conversely, the response of real GDP to the unemployment rate was positive significant in the long-run. Furthermore, the findings of variance decompositions reported that all regressors strongly predict the unemployment rate both in the short and long-run. The study suggested that the government should provide job-readiness skills, business awareness, technological knowledge, and training programs to its population to ascertain unemployment reduction. The study also suggested that the South African government should create a supportive environment and flexible labor market policies that attract small businesses and private-sector investment which ultimately strengthen the entrepreneurial activity with new entrepreneurial actors in order to create job opportunities and absorb a large pool of unemployed youth.
Strategic Competition Between Private Labels and National Brands in a Vertically Linked Market
Authors:   University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Ahmad Waseem
Published: July 2021

Over the past decades, the rapid emergence of private labels (PL) has created stiff competition for many established manufacturers of national brands (NB). Retailers are using PL products as a competitive weapon against NB. The present study develops and tests different theoretical models of competition under different retailer-manufacturer production arrangements for private labels using the Non-Nested Model Comparison (NNMC) approach and their impact on the pricing strategies of PLs and NBs in the Canadian retail market. The theoretical model shows that a retailer earns the highest profit when it behaves as a leader and makes the least profit when it behaves as a follower; a similar relationship holds for the NB manufacturer under different PL production arrangements. The total industry profit is the highest when the retailer and NB manufacturer behaves in a Bertrand Nash manner. Empirical results of the study show no consistent pattern of competitive interaction under various production arrangements of PL products.
Globalization, Democracy and Child Health: Asia vs. Latin America
Authors:   Fatima Jinnah Women University (FJWU), The Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Agha Hijab
Published: July 2021

Child mortality in an important indicator of shortcomings in health provisions to the most vulnerable segments of the society i.e., children under five. In this highly connected world, the trends in child mortality need exploration within the context of institutional change and global connectivity. This study explores the effect of globalization on child health in Asia and Latin America. These two regions over the last three decades have undergone waves of liberalization as well as an inconsistent drive towards democratization with very different outcomes in terms of child mortality, making for apt comparison in the context of this study. The study also examines how the level of democracy changes the relationship between globalization and child health in the two regions for the time-period 1970 to 2016 using System GMM estimation technique. The results indicate that economic globalization improves child health in Asia while social and political globalization show different results for infant and child mortality. In Latin America political globalization was found to be most effective in reducing infant mortality, while all dimensions of globalization were found to be either insignificant or increasing under-five mortality. That said, the interactions between dimensions of globalization and democracy were found to be consistently significant and mortality reducing. This result signifies the existence of complementarity between democracy and globalization in improving child health outcomes.
“Do I Look Like My Selfie?”: Filters and the Digital-Forensic Gaze
Authors: Lavrence Christine , Cambre Carolina
Published: July 2021

Filtered faces are some of the most heavily engaged photos on social media. The vast majority of literature on selfies have focused on self-reported practices of creating and posting selfies and how subjects view themselves, but research on using filters and the kinds of looking filter provoke is underexplored. Part of a larger project, this analysis draws from a study using photo-elicitation techniques to discuss selfie filters with 12 focus groups, exploring the dominant discourses of cis-gendered looking within digital sociality. We explore how participants edit their selfies, imagine potential audiences, interact with, and perceive the filtering behaviors of others, asking what the “work” of filters is, visually and socially. We probe the kinds of discourses filters participate in, and their gendered and affective dimensions. Our focus groups indicate that when looking at the selfies of others there is often an a priori assumption that filtering has been applied, whether conspicuously or not, to the extent that visual tune-ups have become central to the genre itself. As such, we explore the ambivalence and anxiety about authenticity that filters produce, as well as the intense looking practices aimed at decoding the legitimacy of images. We posit that filters are part of a digital ecosystem that demands an intensification of looking practices, which produce and enhance specific forms of objectification directed toward selves and others within digital environments.
Idols of Promotion: The Triumph of Self-Branding in an Age of Precarity
Authors: Duffy Brooke Erin , Pooley Jefferson
Published: July 2021

By analyzing the “mass idols” (Lowenthal, 1944) of contemporary media culture, this study contributes to our understanding of popular communication, branding, and social media self-presentation. Leo Lowenthal, in his well-known analysis of popular magazine biographies, identified a marked shift in mass-mediated exemplars of success: from self-made industrialists and politicians (“Idols of Production”) to screen stars and athletes (“Idols of Consumption”). Adapting his approach, we draw upon a qualitative analysis of magazine biographies (People and Time, n=127) and social media bios (Instagram and Twitter, n=200), supplemented by an inventory of television talk show guests (n=462). Today’s idols, we show, blend Lowenthal’s predecessor types: They hail from the sphere of consumption, but get described—and describe themselves—in production terms. We term these new figures “Idols of Promotion” and contend that their stories of self-made success—the celebrations of promotional pluck—are parables for making it in a precarious employment economy.
Teknik Pelukisan Analitik dan Dramatik pada Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Kembara Rindu Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy
Authors: Devi Novia Isfa
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelukisan tokoh yang digunakan penulis untuk menggambarkan watak tokoh dengan teknik analitik dan dramatik pada Novel Kembara Rindu karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy.  Pelukisan tokoh merupakan cara yang digunakan oleh pengarang untuk menyampaikan penggambaran watak tokoh. Penggambaran tokoh disampaikan dengan teknik analitik yakni teknik penggambaran tokoh secara langsung oleh penulis dan teknik dramatik yakni teknik penggambaran tokoh secara tidak langsung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teks yang memuat penokohan dengan teknik analitik dan dramatik pada novel Kembara Rindu karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah Novel Kembara Rindu karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy yang diterbitkan oleh Republika Penerbit pada tahun 2019 dengan 266 halaman. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data ialah teknik telaah dokumen. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pada Novel Kembara Rindu penulis menggunakan dua teknik dalam menggambarkan watak tokoh yakni dengan teknik analitik dan teknik dramatik. Berdasarkan penelitian ditemukan bahwa dalam novel Kembara Rindu penulis dominan menggunakan teknik dramatik untuk menggambarkan watak tokoh utama yakni Ridho. Maka, berdasarkan temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penulis tidak intens menggunakan teknik analitik agar pembaca merasa penasaran dan bertanya-tanya dalam interpretasinya terhadap watak tokoh dalam novel. Teknik analitik yang menggambarkan watak tokoh oleh pengarang secara langsung, menunjukkan watak Ridho yakni ramah, selanjutnya teknik dramatik menunjukkan bahwa tokoh Ridho merupakan orang yang patuh, dapat diandalkan, dapat dipercaya, ramah, sopan, penurut, beretika, bijaksana, cekatan, tegas, pantang menyerah, dan pekerja keras dengan menggambarkannya melalui perilaku tokoh, ucapan tokoh kepada orang lain, ucapan orang lain kepada tokoh, dan cara berpikir tokoh.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK TALK WRITE (TTW) DAN TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) PADA MATA KULIAH STATISTIK EKONOMI I DI PROGRAM STUDI EKONOMI MANAJEMEN STIMI MEULABOH
Authors: Hardianto Zainal Nur Fajri,
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS dan mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TTW pada mata kuliah Statistika Ekonomi I di Program Studi Ekonomi Manajemen STIMI Meulaboh. Subjek penelitiannya adalah mahasiswa peserta mata kuliah Statistik Ekonomi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Indonesia (STIMI) Meulaboh. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan soal tes setelah mahasiswa diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran tipe TTW dan TPS. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik (uji-t). Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji dua pihak dengan kriteria pengujian: “Terima H0 jika t t(1-α) dan tolak H0 jika t mempunyai hargaharga lain. Derajat kebebasan untuk daftar distribusi t ialah (n1 + n2 - 2) dengan peluang (1 – α) dan α = 0,05. Sebelum uji-t dilakukan terlebih dahulu diuji syarat-syaratnya, yaitu uji normalitas dan homogenitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa Tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS dan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TTW pada mata kuliah Statistika Ekonomi I di Program Studi Ekonomi Manajemen STIMI MeulabohKata Kunci: pembelajaran kooperatif; TTW; TPS; Statistika Ekonomi I
Native-like Event-related Potentials in Processing the Second Language Syntax: Late Bilinguals
Authors:   Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Esfandiari Laleh , Nilipour Reza ,   Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Maftoon Parviz ,   Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Nejati Vahid ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background: The P600 brain wave reflects syntactic processes in response to different first language (L1) syntactic violations, syntactic repair, structural reanalysis, and specific semantic components. Unlike semantic processing, aspects of the second language (L2) syntactic processing differ from the L1, particularly at lower levels of proficiency. At higher L2 proficiency, syntactic violations are more likely to result in P600, similar to the L1 native speakers. Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of proficiency on L2 syntactic processing in late bilinguals and determine whether L1-like cerebral activation patterns will result. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive quantitative research, the subjects were two groups of Persian-English bilinguals (L1=Persian, L2=English; n=10 high-proficient, n=10 low-proficient; gender=female who started learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) after the age of 15 through explicit instructions. Within the violation paradigm, Event-related Potentials (ERPs) were collected from the subjects in the neurocognitive lab of Shahid Beheshti University, Iran, in 2019- 20. The experimental trials of the ERP task included violated English regular past tense verbs. ERP components were compared with those of the L1 (components closer to P600). Results: The t-value for P600 peak latency differed significantly only for the Incorrect past tense verb (ICV) condition and only in O2 (P=0.039463, t=2.2205, CI: 0.003112- 0.11249, P<0.05) between the two groups (higher in the high proficient group). Conclusion: P600 for the high-proficient group demonstrated that L2 proficiency was a more determinant factor in L1-like cortical representation of L2 than the age of acquisition and or the type of context.
Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Patients With Agenesis of Corpus Callosum
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Nasiri Jafar , Sedghi Maryam ,   Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Hemat Mohammad Hossein ,   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background: Agenesis of Corpus Callosum (ACC) is a type of brain dysgenesis with various clinical manifestations. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes of patients with ACC. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the clinical and neurodevelopmental conditions of 62 patients with complete ACC referred to subspecialty clinics of pediatric neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, were investigated. Quantitative data were shown as Mean±SD, and qualitative data as frequency or percentage. In addition, the f Chi-square test was used to compare some data in SPSS version 22. Results: In this study, 62 patients, including 29 boys and 33 girls with a Mean±SD age of 4.99±5.07 years, were included. Among the patients examined, 54.4% were born of consanguineous marriage, 82% had developmental delays, 80.4% had mental retardation, 89.1% had a speech delay, 23.7% had nutritional problems, 42.4% had facial dysmorphic features, and 27.6% had abnormalities of muscle tone. Among the associated problems stated by the patients, 15.5% of them had heart diseases, 22.4% visual disorders, 5.2% hearing deficit, 25.8% behavioral problems, 50% seizures, and 53.3% had abnormal electroencephalogram. Interestingly, 12.9% of the patients had normal or near-normal development. Conclusion: The prevalence of developmental delays, speech and language disorders, mental retardation, facial deformities, seizures, and abnormal muscle tone were common in the patients with ACC.
Preferred Lexical Access Route in Persian Learners of English: Associative, Semantic or Both
Authors:   Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran., Ghanbaryan Zeinab , Nemati Fatemeh ,   Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran., Ghanbari Nasim ,   Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background: Words in the Mental Lexicon (ML) construct semantic field through associative and/ or semantic connections, with a pervasive native speaker preference for the former. Non-native preferences, however, demand further inquiry. Previous studies have revealed inconsistent Lexical Access (LA) patterns due to the limitations in the methodology and response categorization. Objectives: To fill the gap, we employed a primed Picture Naming (PN) task for investigating the relations between concepts in the ML of Iranian EFL (English as a foreign language) learners. We also explored whether conscious priming at a long prime-target stimulus onset asynchrony affected the naming latency of the learners with different proficiency levels. Materials & Methods: The participants were 31 EFL learners (11-16 years old) at A1 and A2 levels based on the Common European Framework of Reference for languages. They were recruited in summer 2020 from language institutes in Bushehr and Kazeroon cities, Iran, through a convenience sampling method. They performed a PN task, including 66 prime-target pairs presented in associative, semantic, both semantic and associative, or unrelated conditions. The mixed-effects modeling was used for data analysis. Results: Based on the likelihood ratio test of model comparisons for condition effect (χ2 (1) =9.07, P=0.002), the interaction of condition, frequency, and length was significant in the semantic condition (t=2.72, P=0.008). A slight effect was also observed from the prime frequency in the associative condition (t=1.82, P=0.07). Conclusion: Results indicate one-level access to the ML, which is indeed a function of language proficiency. Findings are further discussed in terms of ML structure and patterns of LA.
Classifying the Epilepsy Based on the Phase Space Sorted With the Radial Poincaré Sections in Electroencephalography
Authors:   Department of Medical Engineering, Bioelectric Orientation, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran., Zarifiyan Irani Nezhad Reyhaneh , Sadeghi Bajestani Ghasem ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Computational Neuroscience Research, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran., Yaghoobi Karimui Reza ,   Department of Medical Engineering, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran., Sheikholeslami1 Behnaz ,   Department of Medical Engineering, Bioelectric Orientation, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran., Ashrafzadeh Farah ,   Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background: Epilepsy is a brain disorder that changes the basin geometry of the oscillation of trajectories in the phase space. Nevertheless, recent studies on epilepsy often used the statistical characteristics of this space to diagnose epileptic seizures. Objectives: We evaluated changes caused by the seizures on the mentioned basin by focusing on phase space sorted by Poincaré sections. Materials & Methods: In this non-interventional clinical study (observational), 19 patients with generalized epilepsy were referred to the Epilepsy Department of Razavi Hospital (Mashhad, Iran) between 2018 and 2020, which their disease had been controlled after diagnosis and surgery. In evaluating the effects of this disorder on the oscillation basin of the EEG trajectories, we used the MATLAB@ R2019 software. In this computational method, we sorted the phase space reconstructed from the trajectories by using the radial Poincaré sections and then extracted a set of the geometric features. Finally, we detected the normal, pre-ictal, and ictal modes using a decision tree based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) developed by features selected by a genetic algorithm. Results: The proposed method provided an accuracy of 94.96% for the three classes, which confirms the change in the oscillation basin of the trajectories. Analyzing the features by using t test also showed a significant difference between the three modes. Conclusion: The findings prove that epilepsy increases the oscillations basin of brain activity, but classification based on the segment cannot be applicable in clinical settings.
Application of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Neurocognitive Assessment After Head Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Haghani Dogahe Mohammad , Feizkhah Alireza ,   Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Seddighi Sara ,   Medical Futurology Student Scientific Association, Burn and Regenerative Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Kiani Pejman ,   Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran, Iran., Shafaei Fatemeh ,   Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background: Traumatic brain injury is believed to be a public health disorder with some complications. Post Traumatic Neurocognitive Disorders (PTND) received much attention among these complications because of the high prevalence of mild traumatic brain injuries. On the other hand, advanced neuroimaging is increasingly becoming an exciting modality in the field of traumatic brain injury. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a new window to understand the detailed biochemistry alterations following traumatic brain injury. Therefore, some researchers have addressed the relations between MRS data and PTND. Objectives: The research aimed to achieve the biochemistry alterations following TBI and find the relations between these alterations and PTND based on published literature in this field. Materials & Methods: With this mind, a systematic search in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases performed to identify relevant published articles without date limitation. The systematic search keyword-targeted all MRS data relevant to the post traumatic neurocognitive disorders. Results: Of the search results, a total of 22 journal articles were reported relations between MRS data and neurocognitive disorders. A variety of questionnaires and computerized tests has been used to detect neurocognitive outcomes. Most studies focused on N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cr), Myo-inositol (MI), and their ratios. As MRI scanners are becoming stranger detecting extra-metabolites such as glutamate, glutamine and glutathione are more reliable. In this regard a few studies reported significant relations between alterations in these metabolites and PTND. Conclusion: MRS is a powerful tool that can provide important data to detect long-term neurocognitive disorders following TBI.
HUBUNGAN STUNTING DENGAN KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS PADA BALITA
Authors: Jahiroh NFN , Prihartono Nurhayati
Published: July 2021

Abstrak : Tuberkulosis (TB) dan stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan stunting dengan kejadian TB pada anak usia 1-59 bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus-kontrol. Kasus adalah anak usia 1-59 bulan yang berobat di puskesmas yang didiagnosis TB oleh dokter menggunakan sistem skoring. Kontrol adalah anak usia 1-59 bulan yang berkunjung ke puskesmas yang sama dengan kasus, didiagnosis bukan TB. Pemilihan kontrol menggunakan teknik sampling acak sederhana. Balita dengan TB dan bukan TB terdistribusi yang hampir sama menurut jenis kelamin dan ventilasi rumah. Jika dibandingkan dengan balita gizi normal, balita gizi stunting mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi sakit TB. Balita pendek dan sangat pendek mempunyai risiko masing-masing 3,5 kali dan 9 kali sakit TB [adjusted odds ratio (OR = 3.54; P = 0,004 and and OR = 9.06; P = 0.001) respectively. Ditinjau dari segi imunisasi BCG, balita yang tidak diimunisasi dibandingkan yang diimunisasi BCG mempunyai risiko 4 kali sakit TB. Pada kontak serumah dengan pasien TB, balita yang mempunyai kontak dibandingkan tidak mempunyai kontak serumah dengan pasien TB berisiko hampir 12 kali sakit TB (OR = 11.96; P = 0.000). Sedangkan jika ditinjau dari usia balita, balita usia < 24 bulan dibandingkan balita usia > 24 bulan mempunyai risiko 2,8 kali sakit TB OR = 2.84; P = 0.011). Balita stunting, yang tidak diimunisasi, dan yang mempunyai kontak TB serumah TB mempunyai risiko lebih besar sakit TB.Â Abstract : Tuberculosis (TB) and stunting remain a health problem in Indonesia. The objective orf this study was to identify the relationship of stunting with the incidence of TB in children aged 1-59 months. This case-control study in district of West Bandung (West Java). Cases were children aged 1-59 months who visited at clinic health center diagnosed TB by a doctor using a scoring system. Controls were the same age who visited the same clinic with the case, not diagnosed TB. Balita dengan TB dan bukan TB terdistribusi yang hampir sama menurut jenis kelamin dan ventilasi rumah. Jika dibandingkan dengan balita gizi normal, balita gizi stunting mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi sakit TB. Balita pendek dan sangat pendek mempunyai risiko masing-masing 3,5 kali dan 9 kali sakit TB [adjusted odds ratio (OR = 3.54; P = 0,004 and and OR = 9.06; P = 0.001) respectively. Ditinjau dari segi imunisasi BCG, balita yang tidak diimunisasi dibandingkan yang diimunisasi BCG mempunyai risiko 4 kali sakit TB. Pada kontak serumah dengan pasien TB, balita yang mempunyai kontak dibandingkan tidak mempunyai kontak serumah dengan pasien TB berisiko hampir 12 kali sakit TB (OR = 11.96; P = 0.000). Sedangkan jika ditinjau dari usia balita, balita usia < 24 bulan dibandingkan balita usia lebih 24 bulan mempunyai risiko 2,8 kali sakit TB OR = 2.84; P = 0.011). Stunting toddler, not immunized, and had TB contact at home had higher risk to be TB.
POTENSI PELUANG DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) BERDASARKAN PROYEKSI PERUBAHAN IKLIM (STUDY KASUS : DKI JAKARTA)
Authors: Tarmana Dede
Published: July 2021

Abstrak :Pengaruh perubahan iklim terhadap demam berdarah dengue (DBD) bersifat tidak langsung. Hal ini karena terdapat faktor perantara penyebab yaitu nyamuk Aedes Aegypti. Perkembangbiakan dan siklus hidup nyamuk Aedes Aegypti inilah yang dipengaruhi langsung oleh kondisi iklim. Kesesuaian iklim dengan lingkungan hidup nyamuk aedes Aegypti ditandai dengan temperatur hangat dan curah hujan tinggi seperti Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui proyeksi peluang DBD secara rata-rata untuk periode 2014-2038 berdasarkan proyeksi curah hujan dan temperatur. Metode statistik yang digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iklim terhadap kesehatan (demam berdarah) antara lain statistik downscaling, analisis komponen utama, dan regresi logistik ordinal. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa curah hujan yang sesuai dengan demam berdarah berkisar 100-300 mm. Untuk curah hujan relatif tinggi 120 â€“ 317 mm yang terjadi pada bulan Januari-Februari, ancaman paling kuat adalah bahaya banjir dan DBD. Untuk temperatur udara, proyeksi ke depan (2014-2038) berkisar antara 26 â€“ 30 oC, kondisi ini masih optimal untuk perkembangan nyamuk Aedes Aegypti. Proyeksi peluang demam berdarah berdasarkan proyeksi curah hujan dan temperatur menunjukan wilayah Jakarta masih berpeluang tinggi sebagai wilayah katagori resiko tinggi demam berdarah dengan nilai peluang 0,74 â€“ 0,99.Â Abstract : Influence of climate change to Dengue hermologic fever(DHF) has indirect characteristic. There are other factor as medium DHF case, that is aedes Aegypti mosquito. Life cycle and breeding of aedes Aegypti mosquito has direct contact with climate condition. Suitability between climate and life environment of aedes Aegypti mosquito marked with warm temperature and heavy rainfall like Indonesia. The purpose of this study to know projection of DHF average probability period 2013-2038 base on rainfall and temperature projection. Statistical method, such as downscalling statistic, principal component analysis and ordinal logistic regression was applied to know impact of climate on health (dengue cases). Result of analysis shows suitability between rainfall with DHF case is 100-300 mm. January-February has heavy rainfall 120 â€“ 317mm, so needed attention more and more stressing about flood disaster and DHF case. In the period of 2014-2038, interval temperatur occurred between 26 â€“ 30 oC. The interval temperature like this is optimal condition for Aedes Aegypti breeding. The result of probability projection shows that Jakarta is still the region for high risk DHF, with probability value 0,74 â€“ 0,99.
IDENTIFIKASI ETIOLOGI DIARE AKUT PADA ANAK DENGAN TEKNOLOGI GABUNGAN REAKSI RANTAI POLIMERASE DAN SPEKTROMETRI MASSA DI RUMAH SAKIT PENYAKIT INFEKSI PROF. DR. SULIANTI SAROSO
Authors: Soetanto Tony , Susianti Tima Ina
Published: July 2021

PCRâ€“electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR-ESI/MS), suatu peralatan baru yang mampu mendeteksi hampir semua mikroorganisme patogen, namun belum pernah digunakan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh pengalaman dengan PCR/ESI-MS dan panel food borne pathogen, mengetahui kelebihan dan kelemahan teknologi ini. Rancangan penelitian potong lintang, menggunakan spesimen dari poliklinik anak, dilakukan dari bulan juli 2012 hingga desember 2012, dan akhirnya 24 spesimen diperiksa dengan PCR/ESI-MS. Karakteristik diare terdiri dari 12 dengan lendir, 3 diare berdarah dan 20 hanya diare cair saja. Pada sebagian besar kasus dijumpai lebih dari satu bakteri. Bakteri E. coli FDA29 ditemukan pada kasus disertai demam dan sakit perut, namun tidak ada pada kasus tanpa kelainan tersebut. Jenis bakteri dengan PCR/ESI-MS berbeda dengan kultur. Metoda ini dapat mendeteksi bakteri dalam waktu 24 jam dan sangat bermanfaat pada wabah. Berdasarkan kemampuan metoda ini untuk mendeteksi beberapa bakteri dari satu spesimen, tampaknya biayanya tidak lebih mahal dibanding kultur. Metoda ini sangat bermanfaat untuk surveilans dalam hal menemukan kesamaaan antara penyebab penyakit dan pejamu.Â PCRâ€“electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR-ESI/MS), a new equipment that can detect almost all human patogenic microorganism, but never used before in Indonesia.The aim of this study to get experience with PCR/ESI-MS and panel food borne pathogen, to know the profile of bacteria that caused diarhea by PCR/ESI-MS, and know the advantage and handicapped of this equipment.Study design was descriptive cross sectional, using specimen from Child ambulatory clinic, was done from July 2012 until December 2012 and finally 24 was examined with PCR/ESI-MS. Clinical characteristic consist of fever 9 (37,5%), vomiting 17 (70.8%)and abdominal pain 11 (45.8%). Mayority (75%) got diarhea from 3-5 daily. Characteristic of diarhea, 12 cases with mucus, 3 cases bloody diarhea and 20 cases only liquid faeces. In most cases, we found multiple bacteria . Bacteria E. coli FDA29 was detected on cases with fever and abdominal pain but not found in cases without those manifestation. Type of bacteria in this study was different with cultur result. This method can detect bacteria in 24 hours, and very useful in outbreak, and if we calculate the cost and the ability of this metod to detect several bacteria from single specimen, it seems nearly the same. It seems that this method will be very useful for surveilans ie to find similarity between agent and host.Keywords: diarrhea, PCR/ESI-MS
Profil Pasien Suspek Resistensi Ganda Tuberkulosis HIV/AIDS di Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi (RSPI) Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Tahun 2012
Authors: Agustina Pompini , Rahmawati Huda , Rusli Adria , Sundari Titi , Bagus Sila Wiweka Ida
Published: July 2021

AbstrakLatar belakang : Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan Mycobacterium tuberculosis terutama menyerang paru. Laporan World Health Organization (WHO) menuliskan pada umumnya hanya sedikit orang yang terinfeksi TB menjadi sakit TB namun pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS yang terinfeksi TB banyak menjadi sakit TB. Resistensi terhadap Obat Anti Tuberkulosa (OAT) menjadi salah satu masalah penting dalam pengobatan TB. Ketersediaan obat yang ampuh tetapi tidak diberikan dengan baik menimbulkan masalah resistensi termasuk Resistensi Ganda (RG)/ Multidrug Resistant (MDR).Metode : Penelitian ini mempunyai desain deskriptif potong lintang menggunakan data yang sudah direkapitulasi dari case report form (CRF). Sampel penelitian ini adalah pasien suspek resistensi ganda TB pada HIV. Kriteria inklusi adalah semua pasien usia > 15 tahun dengan HIV TB Paru BTA positif atau negatif kasus baru, kasus kambuh, kasus putus obat, gagal terapi (suspek resistensi ganda) yang berobat ke Instalasi rawat jalan maupun Instalasi rawat inap RSPI Prof Dr. Sulianti Saroso. Sampel berjumlah 21 orang pasien suspek resistensi ganda TB HIV/AIDS periode Maret â€“ Desember 2012 di RSPI Prof dr Sulianti Saroso. Hasil disajikan ke dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi kemudian dianalisis secara univariat.Hasil : Secara keseluruhan kelompok pasien suspek resistensi ganda TB HIV/AIDS paling banyak didapatkan pada usia 15-35 tahun sebesar 18 orang (85,7%), sebanyak 7 orang (33,33%) bekerja dengan pekerjaan sebagai karyawan, tingkat pendidikan paling banyak Sekolah Menengah Atas berjumlah 15 orang (71,4%) dan faktor risiko pasien paling banyak dari seks bebas dengan jumlah 13 orang (61,9%), Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan jumlah CD4 pasien cenderung rendah yaitu CD4 <100 sel/Î¼L berjumlah 18 orang (66,7%), sementara jumlah limfosit paling banyak antara 15 % sampai 40 % sebanyak 10 orang (47,6%).Kesimpulan : Profil pasien suspek resistensi ganda TB HIV/AIDS RSPI Prof dr Sulianti Saroso pada kelompok usia produktif dengan faktor risiko utama adalah seks bebas dan kondisi sistem kekebalan tubuh buruk.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ЦИВІЛЬНИМ ЗАХИСТОМ ЯК СКЛАДОВА МУНІЦИПАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ВЕЛИКОГО МІСТА
Authors: Ткачук Роман
Published: July 2021

Стан захищенності кожного члена громади, власне сам захист від різних надзвичайних ситуацій, пожеж та небезпечних подій має безпосередній вплив на подальший соціально-економічний розвиток територіальної громади та зростання добробуту її населення. У ході реформи місцевого самоврядування та територіальної організації влади в Україні значущі для безпеки населення повноваження передаються на найближчий до громадян базовий рівень влади – в територіальні громади. Рівень ризику в некомерційній муніципальній діяльності потребує чіткого усвідомлення керівництвом зростання очікувань з боку суспільного оточення та місцевих громад. Процеси децентралізації державного управління також висувають нові вимоги до муніципальної діяльності та збільшують відповідальність органів місцевого врядування за реалізацію ефективних змін. Прямування України шляхом дмократичних трансформацій вимагає партнерської співпраці між державою та місцевим самоврядуванням, спрямованим на подальший розвиток суспільства, його демократизацію, зміщення пріоритетів саме на громадянина, на забезпечення його потреб і реалізацію його прав, зокрема таких як право на безпечний оточуючий світ. Кодексом цивільного захисту визначено повноваження місцевої влади у сфері цивільного захисту, що спрямовані на розбудову відповідної територіальної підсистеми, реалізацію територіальних і місцевих програм із створення відповідних підсистем, спрямованих на захист населення і територій від надзвичайних ситуацій та запобігання їх виникненню, забезпечення техногенної та пожежної безпеки. Наразі з передачею низки повноважень у сфері цивільного захисту на місцевий рівень у керівників місцевих органів виконавчої влади має сформуватися розуміння того, що запобігання виникненню надзвичайних ситуацій на місцевому рівні та ліквідація їх наслідків є вимагає відповідної підготовки та планування заходів спільно з органами управління  і підрозділами Державної служби України з надзвичайних ситуацій, а також відповідного розподілу бюджетних видатків на своєму рівні. Саме тому збереження безпеки міст, особливо великих,  тягне за собою створення громадської інфраструктури для проведення заходів і впровадження технологій, які забезпечують захист громадян. З метою оптимізації структури виконавчого органу Київської міської ради (КМДА), а також забезпечення виконання завдань з питань оборонної роботи, цивільного захисту та взаємодії з правоохоронними органами затверджено структуру Департаменту муніципальної безпеки виконавчого органу Київської міської ради (КМДА), до складу якого включено Управління з питань цивільного захисту. Створення Департаменту муніципальної безпеки Київської міської державної адміністрації було обґрунтовано практикою реагування на НС на рівні міста, зважаючи на те, що функціонування виокремлених підрозділів на напрямами діяльності ускладнює взаємодію та координацію дій в умовах виникнення НС на місцевому рівні за рахунок витрат часу на узгодження заходів з реагування та розподілу наявних матеріально-технічних ресурсів.
Silaturrahim Perspektif Filsafat Islam (Ontologi, Epistemologi, Aksiologi)
Authors: Al Ghozali M. Dzikrul Hakim
Published: July 2021

Gathering(silaturrahim) in a language derived from two words namely silah (relationship) and Rahim (Rahim women) that have meaning nasab Relations, as the verse above says al-Arham (womb) is defined as the gathering(silaturrahim). But in essence the relationship is not just a relationship nasab, but further than that relationships among Muslims is part of silaturrahmi, so God mengibarat the Muslims like one body. As the word of God. "Indeed the believers are brothers, therefore make peace between your brothers and fear Allah, that ye may obtain mercy." (Al-Hujurat [49]: 10). Fraternal relationship is what makes the fellow Muslims have an obligation to help each other, mutual respect, to visit when sick, drove up to the grave when he died, pray for one another, each denounced the ban, menghasud and others.Keywords: Philosophy and Gathering(silaturrahim).
Upaya Orang Tua Dalam Membentuk Karakter Anak Di Dusun Sumbersuko Desa Plososari Kecamatan Grati Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Muhsin Ali
Published: July 2021

Dalam membentuk karakter anak dimulai sejak dini bahkan sejak dalamkandungan ibu. Terdapat banyak faktor yang dapat membentuk karakter anak.salah satunya adalah orang tua yang lebih sering menghabiskan waktu bersamaanak. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui upaya orang tua dalam membentuk karakteranak, mengetahui strategi yang dilakukan orang tua dalam membentuk karakteranak, mengetahui hambatan dalam membentuk karakter anak di dusunSumbersuko desa Plososari kecamatan Grati kabupaten Pasuruan. Jenis penelitiankualitatif deskriptif. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaituobservasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkanbahwa upaya yang dilakukan orang tua dalam membentuk karakter anak denganmendidik anak sejak usia dini dengan menanamkan pendidikan agama, nilainilai dan norma-norma dimana anak tinggal, strategi yang dilakukan yaituketeladanan, pembiasaan, nasihat, reward dan punishment. Hambatan yangdihadapi adalah faktor internal yaitu kesibukan orang tua dan sifat bosan yang adapada anak, faktor eksternal yaitu pengaruh lingkungan bermain dan pengaruhteknologi komunikasi.Kata Kunci: Upaya, Orang Tua, Karakter anak.
Kesadaran Pendidikan; Kunci Pengembangan Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Ahdi M. Wafiyul
Published: July 2021

Manusia secara naluriah memiliki potensi intelektual dalam bidang afektif, kognitif danpsikomotorik yang bisa dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kualitasnya melalui prosespendidikan. Macam-macam kesadaran pendidikan itu berupa dapat dilihat dari segi alurtahap pelaksanaan pendidikan, dari segi sasaran bimbimgan, dari segi sudut pelaku, darifungsi kesadaran pendidikan, atau Mekanisme membudayakan kesadaran pendidikan.Tahap-tahap yang ditempuh untuk membudayakan kesadarn pendidikan , antara lain;Membentuk mindset, Mendemonstrasikan dan mendalami model sebgai contoh, Melaksakankesadaran pendidikan secara realistis dalam tugas/wilayah kerja masing-masing komponenmasyarakat, Mempublikasikan dan mempopulerkan hasil dan dampak kesadaranpendidikan untuk memberikan pengaruh dalam membudayakan kesadaran pendidikan,Melakukan evaluasi kritis terhadap semua tahapan-tahapan diatas, secara rasional, obyektif,kritis dan membandingkan dengan kondisi sebelumnya, Melakukan tindak lanjut dari hasilevaluasi.Kata kunci : Kesadaran Pendidikan, Pendidikan Islam
ISLAM DAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT : SIASAT USAHA PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DENGAN PEMANFAATAN HUBUNGAN KOMUNITAS MUSLIM
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad Syawaludin
Published: July 2021

The main subject of this research that is; Streer traders  form a community and use it as a business tactics that make an important contribution to the value of their welfare. Including this section of research is to explain in depth the pattern of Muslim street traders community relationships and forms of community use as a business tactic. With the theory of parson structural functionalism in assisting with the social network theory of Luhkmanns and the value exchange theory of Homas, the framing of the relationship between the Muslim street traders community relationship with the value of benefit and welfare value is used to explain the activities of the social system and the daily activities of the street vendors. The results showed that the community of Muslim street vendors in the market Suak Bato Palembang as a form to respond challenging responses of uncertain market life both in terms of price stability and supply of merchandise. Relevance with the teachings of Islam shows a variety of practices and also related to the awareness of street vendors and the environment around him. Islamic narration practiced by Muslim street vendors among others; sincere behavior, keeping merchandise halal, barakah behavior, honest and fair and open behavior in scales.
PERAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH DALAM IMPLEMENTASI WAKAF UANG UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI HALAL DI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Ilmiah Dunyati
Published: July 2021

Potensi Islamic social finance perlu dioptimalkan salah satunya melalui wakaf. Wakaf telah lama dikenal masyarakat muslim sebagai salah satu bentuk amal jariyah yang berperan penting bagi pengembangan sosial, ekonomi dan budaya dalam rangka untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Peran perbankan syariah selain melaksanakan fungsi menghimpun dan menyalurkan dana juga dapat melakukan fungsi sosial, karena merupakan salah satu Lembaga Keuangan Syariah yang dapat melakukan penerimaan wakaf uang dan menjadi tempat pengelolaan dana wakaf oleh Nadzir. Pengembangan industri halal saat ini menjadi sebuah trend dan banyak digemari oleh usahawan. Namun di saat pandemi saat ini banyak UMKM yang mengalami penurunan omset bahkan kehilangan modal karena menurunnya daya beli konsumen. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya peningkatan usaha dengan cara pemasukan modal tanpa bunga, yaitu melalui peran perbankan syariah mengimplementasi wakaf uang untuk pengembangan industri halal.
Determinants of Corporate Environmental Accounting Disclosure of Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Ja'afar Yusuf , Bala Hussaini , Muhammded Lawal Ahmad
Published: July 2021

This study examines the cognitive factors that determine corporate environmental accounting disclosures (CEAD). The population consists of all the fourteen (14) listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Panel data were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the firms for the period of 2010 to 2019. A correlational research design was used and the data were analyzed using the Generalized Least Square regression (random model). The study found that firm size; leverage and multi-national companies have positive significant influence on the CEAD of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Whilst firm growth has a negative significant relationship with the CEAD of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. It is concluded that larger firms and multi-national companies in the Nigerian oil and gas sector have high likelihood of disclosing environmental accounting information. Thus, it is recommended that the management of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria should expand their size by acquiring more assets, maintain a consistent growth by exploring more opportunities while improving their gearing ratio to ensure a stable balance between the proportion of debt and assets. It therefore, highlighted the need for Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to come up with enabling laws geared towards ensuring that listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria embrace CEAD. Furthermore, Global Environmental Disclosure Index (GEI) should be considered as the most acceptable yardstick for measuring environmental accounting by the listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria.
Does Entrepreneurial Career Choice Lessen the Graduate Unemployment Problem? The Case of Malaysian Graduates
Authors: Lim Hock Eam , Soon Jan-Jan , Duan Hongbo
Published: July 2021

Entrepreneurship has been long regarded as able to lessen the problem of graduate unemployment. This ability of entrepreneurship has been frequently quoted by numerous studies as a motivation of study to engage into the studies of graduate entrepreneurial career choice. Nevertheless, the relationship between the entrepreneurial career choice and graduate unemployment is yet to be explored. This paper aims to estimate the impact of entrepreneurial career choice on the Malaysian graduate unemployment. The targeted population of the present paper was the Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) and Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) graduates. A sample of 1,723 graduates was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation tables and econometrics analysis are employed. Graduate entrepreneurial career choice is found to be unrelated to the chance of being unemployed and unable to reduce the probability of being unemployed among the low employability graduates. Thus, graduate entrepreneurial career choice does not lessen the graduate unemployment problem. However, there is some evidence that entrepreneurial career choice could reduce the unemployment duration and hinder the occurrence of long-term unemployed among the low employability graduates. The Malaysian government policy to combat the graduate unemployment problem could not rely mainly on the entrepreneurial career choice. The graduate entrepreneurial career choice, however, could be relied on reducing the occurrence of long-term unemployment. Future studies are suggested to use the sample of all graduates to validate the findings.