bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Functionalized Polymers for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Priegue Juan M. , Crisan Daniel N. , Martínez‐Costas José , Granja Juan R. , Fernandez‐Trillo Francisco , Montenegro Javier
Published: April 2016

A new method is reported herein for screening the biological activity of functional polymers across a consistent degree of polymerization and in situ, that is, under aqueous conditions and without purification/isolation of candidate polymers. In brief, the chemical functionality of a poly(acryloyl hydrazide) scaffold was activated under aqueous conditions using readily available aldehydes to obtain amphiphilic polymers. The transport activity of the resulting polymers can be evaluated in situ using model membranes and living cells without the need for tedious isolation and purification steps. This technology allowed the rapid identification of a supramolecular polymeric vector with excellent efficiency and reproducibility for the delivery of siRNA into human cells (HeLa‐EGFP). The reported method constitutes a blueprint for the high‐throughput screening and future discovery of new polymeric functional materials with important biological applications.
Asymmetric Induction at Remote Quaternary Centers of Cyclohexadienones by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Hydrosilylation
Authors: Naganawa Yuki , Kawagishi Mayu , Ito Jun‐ichi , Nishiyama Hisao
Published: April 2016

The enantioselective desymmetrizing conjugate hydrosilylation of prochiral differently γ,γ‐disubstituted cyclohexadienone derivatives 2 to furnish the corresponding cyclohexenones 4 with a remote chiral all‐carbon quaternary center at the γ position is described. Chiral rhodium–bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl complexes 1 were effective catalysts for this transformation. This catalytic system was extended to the asymmetric transformation of spirocarbocyclic cyclohexadienones 5 to give the corresponding products 6 with high enantiomeric ratios.
Eine Phytochrom‐Sensordomäne ermöglicht eine Rezeptoraktivierung durch rotes Licht
Authors: Reichhart Eva , Ingles‐Prieto Alvaro , Tichy Alexandra‐Madelaine , McKenzie Catherine , Janovjak Harald
Published: April 2016

Optogenetik und Photopharmakologie ermöglichen eine lichtgesteuerte räumliche und zeitliche Manipulation von Prozessen in Zellen und in Tiermodellen. Obwohl rotes Licht durch minimale Toxizität und gute Gewebedurchdringung überzeugt, sind nur wenige für rotes Licht empfindliche optogenetische Hilfsmittel bekannt. Wir haben eine neue, durch rotes Licht aktivierte Homodimerisierungsdomäne in Form der Sensordomäne des cyanobakteriellen Phytochroms 1 entwickelt, die robust und ohne Zytotoxizität in menschlichen Zellen exprimiert werden kann. Mithilfe dieser Domäne induzierten wir die Dimerisierung und Aktivierung von zwei Rezeptor‐Tyrosinkinasen, dem Fibroblasten‐Wachstumsfaktor Rezeptor 1 und dem Neurotrophinrezeptor trkB. Auf diese Weise waren wir in der Lage, den MAPK/ERK‐Signalweg durch Gewebe hindurch zu aktivieren und mehrfarbige Signaltransduktionsexperimente durchzuführen. Die Homodimerisierung von Proteinen und die Aktivierung von Rezeptor‐Tyrosinkinasen auf Basis von rotem Licht sind vielseitige Erweiterungen des optogenetischen Repertoires.
Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of a High‐Spin {FeNO}6 Complex with an Iron(IV)−NO− Electronic Structure
Authors: Speelman Amy L. , Zhang Bo , Krebs Carsten , Lehnert Nicolai
Published: April 2016

Although the interaction of low‐spin ferric complexes with nitric oxide has been well studied, examples of stable high‐spin ferric nitrosyls (such as those that could be expected to form at typical non‐heme iron sites in biology) are extremely rare. Using the TMG3tren co‐ligand, we have prepared a high‐spin ferric NO adduct ({FeNO}6 complex) via electrochemical or chemical oxidation of the corresponding high‐spin ferrous NO {FeNO}7 complex. The {FeNO}6 compound is characterized by UV/Visible and IR spectroelectrochemistry, Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and DFT calculations. The data show that its electronic structure is best described as a high‐spin iron(IV) center bound to a triplet NO− ligand with a very covalent iron−NO bond. This finding demonstrates that this high‐spin iron nitrosyl compound undergoes iron‐centered redox chemistry, leading to fundamentally different properties than corresponding low‐spin compounds, which undergo NO‐centered redox transformations.
Controlling the Atomic Structure of Au30 Nanoclusters by a Ligand‐Based Strategy
Authors: Higaki Tatsuya , Liu Chong , Zeng Chenjie , Jin Renxi , Chen Yuxiang , Rosi Nathaniel L. , Jin Rongchao
Published: April 2016

We report the X‐ray structure of a gold nanocluster with 30 gold atoms protected by 18 1‐adamantanethiolate ligands (formulated as Au30(S‐Adm)18). This nanocluster exhibits a threefold rotationally symmetrical, hexagonal‐close‐packed (HCP) Au18 kernel protected by six dimeric Au2(SR)3 staple motifs. This new structure is distinctly different from the previously reported Au30S(S‐tBu)18 nanocluster protected by 18 tert‐butylthiolate ligands and one sulfido ligand with a face‐centered cubic (FCC) Au22 kernel. The Au30(S‐Adm)18 nanocluster has an anomalous solubility (it is only soluble in benzene but not in other common solvents). This work demonstrates a ligand‐based strategy for controlling nanocluster structure and also provides a method for the discovery of possibly overlooked clusters because of their anomalous solubility.
Heterologous Production of Fungal Maleidrides Reveals the Cryptic Cyclization Involved in their Biosynthesis
Authors: Williams Katherine , Szwalbe Agnieszka J. , Mulholland Nicholas P. , Vincent Jason L. , Bailey Andrew M. , Willis Christine L. , Simpson Thomas J. , Cox Russell J.
Published: April 2016

Fungal maleidrides are an important family of bioactive secondary metabolites that consist of 7, 8, or 9‐membered carbocycles with one or two fused maleic anhydride moieties. The biosynthesis of byssochlamic acid (a nonadride) and agnestadride A (a heptadride) was investigated through gene disruption and heterologous expression experiments. The results reveal that the precursors for cyclization are formed by an iterative highly reducing fungal polyketide synthase supported by a hydrolase, together with two citrate‐processing enzymes. The enigmatic ring formation is catalyzed by two proteins with homology to ketosteroid isomerases, and assisted by two proteins with homology to phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding proteins.
Stereoselective Substrate‐Controlled Asymmetric Syntheses of both 2,5‐cis‐ and 2,5‐trans‐Tetrahydrofuranoid Oxylipids: Stereodivergent Intramolecular Amide Enolate Alkylation
Authors: Jang Hongjun , Shin Iljin , Lee Dongjoo , Kim Hyoungsu , Kim Deukjoon
Published: April 2016

The concise, highly stereoselective, substrate‐controlled asymmetric total syntheses of both 2,5‐cis‐ and 2,5‐trans‐tetrahydrofuranoid nematocidal oxylipids from the Australian brown algae Notheia anomala have been accomplished in a stereodivergent fashion. The highly stereoselective intramolecular amide enolate alkylation strategy provides access to both stereoisomers of the 3‐hydroxy‐2,5‐disubstituted tetrahydrofuran core of these marine natural products through chelate and nonchelate control, which is driven by the C3‐hydroxy protecting group. This approach offers an optional and highly stereoelective access to any of the eight possible stereoisomers of the 2,5‐disubstituted‐3‐oxygenated tetrahydrofuran skeleton, an important structural feature which is present in many biologically active natural products.
Z‐Selective (Cross‐)Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by an Iron Complex
Authors: Rivada‐Wheelaghan Orestes , Chakraborty Subrata , Shimon Linda J. W. , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Milstein David
Published: April 2016

Efficient iron‐catalyzed homocoupling of terminal alkynes and cross‐dimerization of aryl acetylenes with trimethylsilylacetylene is reported. The complex [Fe(H)(BH4)(iPr‐PNP)] (1) catalyzed the (cross‐)dimerization of alkynes at room temperature, with no need for a base or other additives, to give the corresponding dimerized products with Z selectivity in excellent yields (79–99 %).
Enhanced Photoexcited Carrier Separation in Oxygen‐Doped ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Wenlong , Zhang Lei , Xie Junfeng , Zhang Xiaodong , Liu Qinghua , Yao Tao , Wei Shiqiang , Zhang Qun , Xie Yi
Published: April 2016

Limited by the relatively sluggish charge‐carrier separation in semiconductors, the photocatalytic performance is still far below what is expected. Herein, a model of ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) nanosheets with oxygen doping is put forward to obtain in‐depth understanding of the role that doping atoms play in photocatalysis. It shows enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with pristine ZIS. The electron dynamics analyzed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the average recovery lifetime of photoexcited electrons is increased by 1.53 times upon oxygen incorporation into the ZIS crystals, indicating enhanced separation of photoexcited carriers in oxygen‐doped ZIS nanosheets. As expected, the oxygen‐doped ZIS nanosheets show a remarkably improved photocatalytic activity with a hydrogen evolution rate of up to 2120 μmol h−1 g−1 under visible‐light irradiation, which is 4.5 times higher than that of the pristine ZIS nanosheets.
Plugging properties and profile control effects of crosslinked polyacrylamide microspheres
Authors: Wang Bo , Lin Meiqin , Guo Jinru , Wang Dianlin , Xu Fengqiang , Li Mingyuan
Published: April 2016

In this article, the morphology, particle size, and plugging properties of crosslinked polyacrylamide (CPAM) microspheres were investigated through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear‐pore membrane filtration experiments, a micro‐visual model, sandpack experiments, parallel twin‐tube plugging, and oil displacement experiments. The results revealed that the primary particle sizes of the CPAM microspheres ranged from several hundreds of nanometers to 5 μm; however, after the microspheres were fully swelled in water, their sizes increased by approximately five times of their original sizes. As a CPAM microsphere dispersion system had good dispersibility and deformation capabilities, a 1.2 μm nuclear‐pore membrane as well as the deep part of a sandpack tube could be effectively plugged. Consequently, the flow diversion effect was achieved in the vertical and planar directions. When the CPAM microspheres migrated in porous media, they could displace residual oil on the pole wall and water flow channel to realize the synchronization of profile control and coordination and improve recovery efficiency. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43666.
Sorption/release of diclofenac sodium in/from free‐standing poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethyleneimine) multilayer films
Authors: Ghiorghita Claudiu‐Augustin , Bucatariu Florin , Dragan Ecaterina Stela
Published: April 2016

Polyelectrolyte multilayer films deposited onto various substrates have been used extensively as drug delivery systems. However, little attention has been paid to the release of drugs from free‐standing polymeric films. Herein, we report the construction of thermal crosslinked free‐standing poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/branched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) multilayer films composed of 25 double layers [(PAA/PEI)25] and their use in sorption/release of diclofenac sodium (DS). The (PAA/PEI)25 multilayer films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, potentiometric titrations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while the sorption/release of DS was monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The DS sorption equilibrium data were fitted with five isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin). The maximum equilibrium sorption capacity, qm, given by the Langmuir model was 32.42 mg DS/g. The Korsmeyer–Peppas semiempirical equation showed that the release of DS from the free‐standing (PAA/PEI)25 films proceeded by pseudo‐Fickian diffusion, irrespective of the releasing media. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43752.
Chopping high‐molecular weight poly(1,4‐butylene carbonate‐co‐aromatic ester)s for macropolyol synthesis
Authors: Park Geun Ho , Lee Seul , Park Su Hyun , Eo Seong Chan , Kim Jin Gu , Lee Bun Yeoul
Published: April 2016

The condensation of a mixture of dimethyl carbonate and phthalate derivatives with 1,4‐butanediol (BD), catalyzed by sodium alkoxide, generated high‐molecular weight poly(1,4‐butylene carbonate‐co‐aromatic ester)s with molecular weights (Mn) of 50–120 kDa. The subsequent addition of polyols [BD, glycerol propoxylate, 1,1,1‐tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, or pentaerythritol] chopped these high‐molecular weight polymers to afford macrodiols or macropolyols with facile control of their molecular weights (Mn, 2000–3000 Da) and unique chain topological compositions. Macropolyols prepared by chopping poly(1,4‐butylene carbonate‐co‐terephthalate) were waxy in nature, whereas those containing isophthalate and phthalate units were oily. The macropolyols synthesized by this chopping method may have potential applications in the polyurethane industry. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43754.
Regulation of Beta‐Cell Function and Mass by the Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase
Authors: Oetjen Elke
Published: April 2016

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most rapidly increasing diseases worldwide, whereby approximately 90–95% of patients suffer from type 2 diabetes. Considering its micro‐ and macrovascular complications like blindness and myocardial infarction, a reliable anti‐diabetic treatment is needed. Maintaining the function and the mass of the insulin producing beta‐cells despite elevated levels of beta‐cell‐toxic prediabetic signals represents a desirable mechanism of action of anti‐diabetic drugs. The dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) inhibits the action of two transcription factors within the beta‐cell, thereby interfering with insulin secretion and production and the conservation of beta‐cell mass. Furthermore, DLK action is regulated by prediabetic signals. Hence, the inhibition of this kinase might protect beta‐cells against beta‐cell‐toxic prediabetic signals and prevent the development of diabetes. DLK might thus present a novel drug target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.
Probing the Key Binding Sequence and Improvement of the Stability of a β‐Bungarotoxin‐binding Aptamer in Snake Venom
Authors: Ye Fengping , Mi Qili , Zhang Ning , Li Xuemei , Yu Jing , Gao Zhongping , Zheng Ying , Fan Quanshui , Wang Jie , Wang Jinglin
Published: April 2016

Chemical modifications of the nucleotides can improve the stability of aptamers against enzyme degradation in serum, but it is not clear whether these methods are effective in snake venom. In this study, a DNA aptamer, βB‐1, which specifically recognize β‐bungarotoxin and Bungarus multicinctus venom was chosen, and the key binding sequence of the aptamer was determined. Based on the secondary structure of the truncated aptamer, locked nucleic acids and 2′‐O‐methyl nucleotides were applied to modify the stem and loop sequences, respectively. In addition, a 3′‐3′‐thymidine cap was also adopted to block the 3′ end. It was shown that these chemical modifications can all enhance the stability of the aptamer in snake venom. Simultaneously, modified aptamer with the above modifications in one sequence exhibited a significantly elevated biostability, with the half‐life improved from several minutes to 210 min while maintaining its binding affinity to the target.
Airborne copper exposure in school environments associated with poorer motor performance and altered basal ganglia
Authors: Pujol Jesus , Fenoll Raquel , Macià Dídac , Martínez‐Vilavella Gerard , Alvarez‐Pedrerol Mar , Rivas Ioar , Forns Joan , Deus Joan , Blanco‐Hinojo Laura , Querol Xavier , Sunyer Jordi
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Children are more vulnerable to the effects of environmental elements. A variety of air pollutants are among the identified factors causing neural damage at toxic concentrations. It is not obvious, however, to what extent the tolerated high levels of air pollutants are able to alter brain development. We have specifically investigated the neurotoxic effects of airborne copper exposure in school environments.

Methods

Speed and consistency of motor response were assessed in 2836 children aged from 8 to 12 years. Anatomical MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional MRI were used to directly test the brain repercussions in a subgroup of 263 children.

Results

Higher copper exposure was associated with poorer motor performance and altered structure of the basal ganglia. Specifically, the architecture of the caudate nucleus region was less complete in terms of both tissue composition and neural track water diffusion. Functional MRI consistently showed a reciprocal connectivity reduction between the caudate nucleus and the frontal cortex.

Conclusions

The results establish an association between environmental copper exposure in children and alterations of basal ganglia structure and function.
Relationship between dyslipidemia and carotid plaques in a high‐stroke‐risk population in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Mi Te , Sun Shangwen , Zhang Guoqing , Carora Yaser , Du Yifeng , Guo Shougang , Cao Mingfeng , Zhu Qiang , Wang Yongxiang , Sun Qinjian , Wang Xiang , Qu Chuanqiang
Published: April 2016

Introduction

The precise associations between stroke and carotid plaques and dyslipidemia are unclear. This population‐based study aimed to examine the relationship between carotid plaques and dyslipidemia in a high‐stroke‐risk population.

Methods

Ultrasonography of left and right carotid arteries was conducted in 22,222 participants in a second screening survey of individuals with high stroke risk. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of carotid plaques. Blood TC (total cholesterol), TG (total triglycerides), and LDL‐C (low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels were recorded.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlled for gender, age, education, geographic region, smoking, exercise, and overweight (Model 2), identified TG as a predictor of carotid‐plaque risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.109, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.038–1.185, P = 0.002), and the association between carotid plaques and LDL‐C (OR = 0.967, 95%CI: 0.949–0.994, P = 0.019) was less significant, whereas there was no association between carotid plaques and TC (OR = 1.002, 95%CI: 0.932–1.007, P = 0.958). After additional adjustment for hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation (Model 3), TG remained a risk factor for carotid plaques (OR = 1.086, 95%CI: 1.016–1.161, P = 0.015), but no associations were observed between carotid plaques and LDL‐C (OR = 0.972, 95%CI: 0.910–1.038, P = 0.394) or TC (OR = 1.003, 95%CI: 0.933–1.079, P = 0.928). Only the association between TG and carotid plaques (OR = 1.084, 95%CI: 1.014–1.159, P = 0.017) was independent of all covariates (covariates in Model 3 plus history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, and stroke family history) in Model 4.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that TG was an independent risk factor for carotid plaques in high‐risk population for stroke, whereas LDL‐C and TC were not associated with the appearance of carotid plaques independently.
Lecturer performance system using neural network with Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Rashid Tarik A. , Ahmad Hawraz A.
Published: April 2016

The field of analyzing performance is very important and sensitive in particular when it is related to the performance of lecturers in academic institutions. Locating the weak points of lecturers through a system that provides an early warning to notify or reward the lecturers with warned or punished notices will help them to improve their weaknesses, leads to a better quality in the institutions. The current system has major issues in the higher education at Salahaddin University‐Erbil (SUE) in Kurdistan‐Iraq. These issues are: first, the assessment of lecturers’ activities is conducted traditionally via the Quality Assurance Teams at different departments and colleges at the university, second, the outcomes in some cases of lecturers’ performance provoke a low level of acceptance among lectures, as these cases are reflected and viewed by some academic communities as unfair cases, and finally, the current system is not accurate and vigorous. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization with Neural Network is used to assess performance of lecturers in more fruitful way and also to enhance the accuracy of recognition system. Different real and novel data sets are collected from SUE. The prepared datasets preprocessed and important features are then fed as input source to the training and testing phases. Particle Swarm Optimization is used to find the best weights and biases in the training phase of the neural network. The best accuracy rate obtained in the test phase is 98.28%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:629–638, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21737
The Chemical Diversity of Eucalyptus spp. Essential Oils from Plants Grown in Brazil
Authors: Filomeno Claudinei Andrade , Barbosa Luiz Claudio Almeida , Pereira José Luiz , Pinheiro Antônio Lelis , Fidêncio Paulo Henrique , Montanari Ricardo Marques
Published: April 2016

A chemical analysis of essential oils from leaves of eleven Eucalyptus L’Herit taxa, grown in Viçosa, Brazil were carried out. The identification and quantification of essential oils constituents were carried out by GC‐FID and GC/MS. The leaves of E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis presented the highest oil content (3.00% and 2.30% respectively). In total, 48 compounds were identified in the oils. Higher levels of 1,8‐cineole were found for oils produced by E. microcorys (66.2%), E. urophylla (65.4%) and E. camaldulensis (44.8%) and the hybrid E. urophylla × E. grandis (33.0%). The oil from E. saligna was composed mainly by α‐pinene (92.3%). High concentrations of α‐phellandrene were found in the oils produced by E. camaldulensis (22.9%) and E. robusta (36.6%). The oils from E. grandis and E. pilularis were rich in p‐cymene (59.5% and 46.0%, respectively). Samples with high levels of 1,8‐cineole were classified by principal component analysis (PCA) using the accumulated variance of the PC1 and PC2 into major groups. Other samples were grouped based on their content of p‐cymene; α‐phellandrene, α‐ and β‐eudesmol; α‐pinene. The PCA allowed the separation and classification of samples with the highest levels of different compounds, a procedure that can help in the decision of grouping oils from different sources for industrial use.
Everything moves on: referral trends to a leavers' group in a high secure hospital and trial leave progress of group graduates
Authors: Adshead Gwen , Pyszora Natalie , Wilson Claire , Gopie Ramesh , Thomas Deryk , Smith Julia , Glorney Emily , Moore Estelle , Tapp James
Published: April 2016

Background

Moving on from high secure psychiatric care can be a complex and potentially stressful experience, which may hinder progression. A leavers' group in a UK high secure hospital is offered to support patients with this transition.

Aims

The aims of this study are to investigate characteristics of patients referred for the leavers' group and compare outcomes for leavers' group graduates with those for patients who never attended a leavers' group for any reason.

Methods

A retrospective quasi‐experimental design was applied to data extracted from various records sources – within and outside the high security hospital.

Results

About one‐fifth of patients who left the hospital on trial leave during the study were referred to the leavers' group (N = 109). Referred patients were significantly more likely to have either been admitted from another high‐security hospital or transferred from prison for treatment and have a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. Patients not referred had a significantly higher rate of previously refusing to participate in groups. There was a tendency for rate of return from trial leave for group graduates to be lower than that of patients who did not attend the leavers' group, but this just failed to reach statistical significance (rate ratio [RR] = 1.04; CI 0.97–1.11).

Conclusions

A leavers' group appeared to be a valued therapy option for people who had spent a long time in high secure psychiatric care, or those who continued to require hospital treatment beyond prison tariffs. There was a low return rate from trial leave, which made the evaluation of this outcome difficult. A detailed study into both the reasons for return from trial leave and successes would provide further information on ideal preparation for moving on. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between types of childhood victimisation and young adulthood criminality
Authors: Howell Kathryn H. , Cater Åsa K. , Miller‐Graff Laura E. , Schwartz Laura E. , Graham‐Bermann Sandra A.
Published: April 2016

Background

Previous research suggests that some types of childhood abuse and neglect are related to an increased likelihood of perpetrating criminal behaviour in adulthood. Little research, however, has examined associations between multiple different types of childhood victimisation and adult criminal behaviour.

Aims

We sought to examine the contribution of multiple and diverse childhood victimisations on adult criminal behaviour. Our central hypothesis was that, after controlling for gender, substance use and psychopathy, each type of childhood victimisation – specifically experience of property offences, physical violence, verbal abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and witnessed violence – would be positively and independently related to criminal behaviour in young adults.

Methods

We examined data from a large, nationally representative sample of 2244 young Swedish adults who reported at least one form of victimisation, using hierarchical regression analysis to also account for gender, substance use and psychopathy.

Results

Experiences of physical assaults, neglect and witnessing violence as a child were significantly associated with adult criminal behaviour, but not experiences of property, verbal or sexual victimizations.

Conclusions

Our findings help to identify those forms of harm to children that are most likely to be associated with later criminality. Even after accounting for gender, substance misuse and psychopathology, childhood experience of violence – directly or as a witness – carries risk for adulthood criminal behaviour, so such children need targeted support and treatment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Study of Clogging in Valve and Cascade Mixers
Authors: Xie Duanpeng , Zhou Jinghong , Tian Shizhe , Mleczko Leslaw , Zhou Xinggui
Published: April 2016

A cascade mixer and a valve mixer were applied for the precipitation of CaCO3. This model reaction has been used for benchmarking both mixer types with respect to their robustness against fouling. The valve mixer was found to be much less susceptible to fouling and clogging. Pressure changes during precipitation in both types of mixers differed significantly. This parameter can be easily used for identification of clogging in the valve mixer and applied as input in clean‐in‐place (CIP) procedures. The pressure trend in the cascade mixer is quite complex and, therefore, difficult to apply for CIP. Ultrasonic treatment has been evaluated as a measure to prevent clogging.
Errors in variables regression with value‐censored data
Authors: Hawkins Douglas M. , Weckwerth Christina
Published: April 2016

Samples with analyte concentrations outside a method's dynamic range are a reality of clinical chemistry and are particularly of interest in method comparison studies. The most obvious remedy—to ignore any such values—introduces bias and loses the information that censored data might add to the analysis. Extending conventional errors‐in‐variables methods to incorporate value‐censored data recovers this information. The formulation presented uses a variance model more flexible than either the constant variance or the constant coefficient of variation models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TRITIN(II) HYDROXIDE OXIDE PHOSPHATE SN3O(OH)PO4
Authors: JORDAN T. H. , DICKENS B. , SCHROEDER L. W. , BROWN W. E.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P21 / c mit Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: (NH4)2((S2)2MO(S2)2MO(S2)2).2H2O, A NOVEL SULFUR‐RICH COORDINATION COMPOUND WITH TWO NONEQUIVALENT COMPLEX ANIONS HAVING THE SAME POINT GROUP BUT DIFFERENT STRUCTURES: CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES
Authors: MUELLER A. + , NOLTE W. O. , KREBS B.
Published: April 2016

Die Struktur der in der Raumgruppe Pnna mit Z=8 kristallisierenden Titelverbindung enthält diskrete dimere [Mo2(S2)6]2 ′‐ Ionen neben NHZ‐Kationen und Hydratwasser.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF PHOTOELECTRODE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ON OUTPUT STABILITY OF CD(SE,TE)/POLYSULFIDE PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
Authors: HODES G. , MANASSEN J. , CAHEN D.
Published: April 2016

CdSe und CdTe bilden in einem weiten Zusammensetzungsbereich homogene Legierungen, die je nach Zusammensetzung und Darstellungsbedingungen kubische (Sphalerit) oder hexagonale (Wurzit) Struktur annehmen.
ChemInform Abstract: A STUDY INTO THE EFFECT OF WATER VAPOR ON SODIUM β‐ALUMINAS
Authors: ARMSTRONG R. D. , SELLICK D. P.
Published: April 2016

Aus Wechse1stromimpedanz‐ und Festigkeitsuntersuchungen folgt, daß Nα‐β‐Al2O3‐Proben nach bis zu 30tägiger Lagerung in trockener Luft keine oder nur geringe Zerstörung erleiden.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKALI METAL HEPTAFLUORODIARSENATES(III): THEIR PREPARATION AND THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE POTASSIUM SALT
Authors: EDWARDS A. J. , PATEL S. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Diarsenate (I) lassen sich aus Lösungen der Alkalimetall‐ fluoride in AsF3 bei 25°C ausfällen.
ChemInform Abstract: A RATIONAL SYNTHESIS OF COORDINATED DISULFIDES FROM COORDINATED THIOLS. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ((EN)2CO(S(SC2H5)CH2CH2NH2))(CLO4)3.H2O
Authors: NOSCO D. L. , ELDER R. C. , DEUTSCH E.
Published: April 2016

Der Thiolatokomplex (I) reagiert mit den Phthalimidderivaten (II) in DMF zu den Disulfidkomplexen (III), die durch NMR‐ und Elektronenspektren charakterisiert wurden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF MYRCENE WITH N‐BROMOSUCCINIMIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER, ACETIC ACID OR ALCOHOLS
Authors: SCHULZE K. , HAUFE G. , KOEHLER G. +
Published: April 2016

Myrcen (I) wird durch NBS in Gegenwart der Alkanole (II) an der isolierten Doppelbindung zu den Ethern (IIIa) alkoxybromiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CYTOCHALASIN SUPPORT STUDIES. 2. CHIRAL AND STEREOCHEMICAL CONTROL VIA AN INTRAMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER REACTION OF A (Z)‐DIENE
Authors: PYNE S. G. , HENSEL M. J. , BYRN S. R. , MCKENZIE A. T. , FUCHS P. L.
Published: April 2016

Während sich die ausgehend vom Phenylalaninderivat (Ia) über die Stufen (Ib), (Ic), (IIIa) (+ (IIIb)), (IVa), (IVb) und (V) erhältliche Verbindung (VII) beim Erhitzen in Toluol zum Tricyclus (IX) cyclisiert, bleibt das ‐ ähnlich aus (IIIb) dargestellte ‐ Isomere (VIII) unter gleichen Bedingungen weitgehend unverändert.
ChemInform Abstract: A THREE‐CARBON CONDENSATIVE EXPANSION. APPLICATION TO MUSCONE
Authors: TROST B. M. , VINCENT J. E.
Published: April 2016

Die bei Reaktionen der durch NaH enolisierten Benzolsulfonylcyclopentanone (I) mit dem Mesylat (II) in Gegenwart von NaI entstehenden C‐Alkylierungsprodukte (III) gehen unter der Einwirkung von Tetrabutylammoniumfluorid in die Bicyclooctane (IV) über; Behandlungen dieser Bicyclen mit KH/18‐Krone‐6 liefern glatt die Methylcyclooctadiene (V).
ChemInform Abstract: MESOIONIC 4NΠ‐HETEROCYCLICS. I. MESOIONIC 4Π FIVE‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLICS AND 8Π‐HETEROPENTALENES. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEMS AND STUDIES ON THE 1‐OXO‐1 H‐PYRAZOLO(1,2‐A)PYRAZOL‐4‐IUM‐3‐OLATE TYPE
Authors: FRIEDRICHSEN W.
Published: April 2016

4nπ‐Mesoionische Heterocyclen sind ‐ mit einer Ausnahme ‐ eine bislang unbekannte Verbindungsklasse ; in dieser Arbeit werden die möglichen 47r‐5gliedrigen mesoionischen Heterocyclen, ihre Ringanellierungsderivate und die entsprechenden Heteropentalene besprochen.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF 1,3‐DIPHENYL‐1,3‐PROPANEDIONES WITH THALLIUM(III) NITRATE IN METHANOL
Authors: ANTUS S. , BAITZ‐GACS E. , BOROSS F. , NOGRADI M. , SOLYOM A.
Published: April 2016

Beim Erhitzen mit 1.4 Äquiv.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL QUINONES WITH SILVER(II) DIPICOLINATE AS A NEW SELECTIVE OXIDANT
Authors: KLOC K. , MLOCHOWSKI J. , SYPER L.
Published: April 2016

(VI) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF SUPEROXO COBALT(III) COMPLEX WITH STABLE PHENOXY RADICALS
Authors: NISHINAGA A. , TOMITA H. , MATSUURA T.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Phenoxy‐Radikalen (I) entstehen mit dem Peroxo‐Co‐Komplex (II) Gemische der Oxidationsprodukte (III)‐(V).
ChemInform Abstract: CARBONYLATION OF AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS TO ISOCYANATES IN THE PRESENCE OF PALLADIUM COMPOUNDS. VII. SELECTIVE CARBONYLATION OF 2‐NITRO‐1,3‐DIALKYLBENZENES AT NORMAL PRESSURES
Authors: TIETZ H. , UNVERFERTH K. , SCHWETLICK K.
Published: April 2016

Die Carbonylierung der Titelverbindungen (V) in Gegenwart der Pd‐Verbindungen (I) und V‐Salze (III) bzw. (IV) zu den Isocyanaten (VI) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIONEN VON CO UND WASSERSTOFF. FORMIATE ALS ZWISCHENSTUFEN AN DER TRAEGEROBERFLAECHE BEI DER METHANISIERUNG MIT ALUMINIUMOXID‐NICKEL‐KATALYSATOREN
Authors: KIEFER R. , STUPFLER R. , DELUZARCHE A.
Published: April 2016

An Katalysatoren aus Aluminiumoxid und Nickel reagieren Kohlenmonoxid und Wasser zu Formiaten, die als reaktive Spezies an der Oberfläche fixiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐(TRIMETHYLSILYL)ETHOXYMETHYL CHLORIDE. A NEW REAGENT FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE HYDROXYL GROUP
Authors: LIPSHUTZ B. H. , PEGRAM J. J.
Published: April 2016

Chlormethyl‐β‐trimethylsilylethyl‐ether (I) reagiert mit Alkoholen (II) glatt zu den Ethern (III), die mit Tetrabutylammoniumfluorid unter Eliminierung von Formaldehyd, Ethylen (IV) und Trimethylsilylfluorid (V) glatt den Alkohol (II) zurückbilden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION, AND CIRCULAR DICHROISM OF THE ENANTIOMERS OF FLUOROSUCCINIC ACID
Authors: LOWE G. , POTTER B. V. L.
Published: April 2016

Mit Diethylaminoschwefeltrifluorid wird die Hydroxygruppe des Äpfelsäurediesters (I)stereospezifisch unter Inversion durch Fluor zum Diester (II) substituiert, der nach saurer Hydrolyse zur Disäure (III) in das Lacton (IV) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW ROUTE TO LIPID HYDROPEROXIDES: ORBITAL SYMMETRY CONTROLLED RING OPENING OF VINYLCYCLOPROPYL BROMIDES
Authors: PORTER N. A. , ROBERTS D. H. , ZIEGLER C. B. JUN.
Published: April 2016

Behandlung der Modell‐Bromide (I) mit Ag‐trifluoracetat/HzOz liefert ein Gemisch der geometrischen Isomeren des Heptadiens (II), das zu den entsprechenden Alkoholen (IIIa)+(IIIb) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL PROPHYLACTIC ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF RETINYLIDENE 1,3‐DIKETONES
Authors: ACTON N. , BROSSI A. , NEWTON D. L. , SPORN M. B.
Published: April 2016

all‐trans‐Retinal (I) reagiert mit den Diketonen (II) in Gegenwart von Piperidin oder Piperidiniumacetat zu den Kondensationsprodukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND THERMOLYSIS OF DISILYLATED HYDROXAMIC ACIDS: A NEW ROUTE TO ISOCYANATE ESTERS AND AMINES
Authors: RIGAUDY J. , LYTWYN E. , WALLACH P. , NGUYEN KIM CUONG NGUYEN KIM CUONG
Published: April 2016

Aus den Hydroxamsäuren (I) erhält man mit Bis‐trimethylsilylamin (II) die bissilylierten Verbindungen (III), die thermisch über die Acylnitrene (IV) zu den Isocyanaten (V) umlagern.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE AND CONFORMATIONAL ISOMERISM OF THE MAJOR DIMER OF 2,3‐NAPHTHOQUINODIMETHAN
Authors: BELL T. W. , BOWES C. M. , SONDHEIMER F.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem in bekannter Weise hergestellten 2,3‐Naphthochinodimethan (I) entsteht neben anderen Folgeprodukten im wesentlichen ein Dimeres (II), aus (III) erhält man über (IV) das deuterierte Analoge (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1,7,13‐TRIAMINODECACYCLENE
Authors: KAMINSKA B. , KIERSZNICKI T. , FOERSTER W.
Published: April 2016

Trinitrodecacyclin (IV) wird durch Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion des Thiophens (I) und Acenaphthylens (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: LARGE SCALE SYNTHESES OF (.+‐.)‐ISODRIMENIN AND (.+‐.)‐CONFERTIFOLIN
Authors: AKITA H. , NAITO T. , OISHI T.
Published: April 2016

Das aus β‐Ionon durch teilweise Reduktion mit Raney‐Nickel erhältliche Dihydro‐β‐ionon (I) wird gemäß Formelschema in die Schlüsselverbindung (VIII) übergeführt, deren Thermolyse vorwiegend (i)‐Confertifolin (X) und nur geringe Mengen (i)‐Isodrimenin (IX) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: NON‐CONVENTIONAL NITRATION OF 2,5‐DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE AND ITS 3,4‐DIBROMO DERIVATIVE
Authors: SUZUKI H. , HIDAKA I. , OSUKA A. , IWASA A. , MISHINA T.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Nitrierung des Dimethylthiophens (I) mit Kupferdinitrat erhält man ein Gemisch des Nitrothiophens (II) und des Dithiophenylmethans (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH HALOGEN DERIVATIVES OF THIOPHENE AND BENZOTHIOPHENE
Authors: RAASCH M. S.
Published: April 2016

Thiophen (I) wird in das Octachlortetrahydrothiophen (II) übergeführt und dieses weiter mit Chromsäure zum Sulfon (III) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF SOME 4(5)‐ARYLETHENYLIMIDAZOLES
Authors: LINDGREN G. , STENSIOE K.‐E. + , WAHLBERG K.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Kondensation des Phosphoniumsalzes (I) mit Imidazol‐2‐aldehyd (II) entstehen die Olefine (III), die photochemisch zu den Tricyclen (IV) kondensiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF CHLOROSULFENYL CHLORIDES WITH SILYLATED SULFUR DIIMIDES
Authors: NEIDLEIN R. , LEHR W.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Umsetzung des Chlorcarbamoylsulfenylchlorids (II) mit dem silylierten Schwefeldiimid (III) erhält man die Iminodithiadiazole (I), in Gegenwart von Wasser wird der Harnstoff (IV) isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: CONSTITUENTS OF THE CULTIVATED MULBERRY TREE. VI. OXIDATIVE CYCLIZATION OF MORUSIN
Authors: NOMURA T. , FUKAI T. , MATSUMOTO J.
Published: April 2016

Oxidative Cyclisierungsreaktionen an Morusin (I) werden diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF METHYLPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES. XXXIV. CONDENSATION OF ACETOACETAMIDE WITH KETONES TO FORM PYRIDONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: KATO T. , SATO M. , NODA M. , ITOH T.
Published: April 2016

Acetoacetamid (II) reagiert mit den Ketonen (I) unter Bildung der Pyridone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVES. KINETICS OF THE REACTION OF 2‐CHLOROMETHYL‐3‐HYDROXY‐4(3H)‐QUINAZOLINONE WITH NUCLEOPHILES
Authors: FERNANDEZ B. M. , SCHAPIRA C. B. , LAMDAN S.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem 2‐Chlormethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐china‐ zolinon (II) erhält man mit Basen das Dimere (I), während mit primären Aminen (III) bzw. mit sekundären Aminen (VI) neben (I) die Substitutionsprodukte (IV) bzw. (V) in unterschiedlichen Anteilen erhalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL RING CLOSURE REACTION BETWEEN 1,4‐DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE AND ETHYLENEDIAMINE PROMOTED BY COPPER IONS
Authors: MATSUOKA M. , MAKINO Y. , TAKEI T. , KITAO T.
Published: April 2016

Durch Kupferchloride wird die Aminierung des Dihydroxyanthrachinons (I) katalysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND SOME PROPERTIES OF 1H‐1‐BENZAZEPINES
Authors: IKEDA M. , OHNO K. , UNO T. , TAMURA Y.
Published: April 2016

N‐Benzoyl‐indo1(II) reagiert mit Acrylester (III) bei der Bestrahlung zu einem Addukt (IV), das nach Hydrolyse mit Bleitetraacetat zum 3‐Benzoyl‐2a,7b‐dihydro‐cyclobut(b)indol (Ia) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF 1,5‐BENZOTHIAZEPINE‐2,4(3H, 5H)‐DIONES
Authors: RIED W. , SELL G.
Published: April 2016

Die Dihydrobenzothiazepinone (I) reagieren mit Sulfurylchlorid zu den Chlorbenzothiazepinonen (II), die mit konz. H2SO4 die Titeldione (III) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF β‐SUBSTITUTED Γ‐BUTYROLACTONES
Authors: MUKAIYAMA T. , FUJIMOTO K. , HIROSE T. , TAKEDA T.
Published: April 2016

Die Methylidenmalonsäurederivate (I) reagieren mit dem Lithiumsalz des Thioanisols (II) zu den Addukten (III), die unter Alkylierungsbedingungen die cyclischen Enolether (IV) liefern; durch Hydrolyse erhält man daraus die Lactone (V).
ChemInform Abstract: BORON CHELATES AND BORON METAL CHELATES. V. REACTION OF BORON COMPOUNDS WITH DIOXIMATONICKEL CHELATES
Authors: FEDDER W. , UMLAND F. , HOHAUS E.
Published: April 2016

Die Substitution nur eines Wasserstoffatoms durch eine Diphenylborgruppe unter Bildung von (I) gelingt durch Umsetzung von Bis‐[1 ,2‐cycloheptandiondioximato]‐nickel(Il) mit dem Diphenylborchelat des 2‐Aminoethanols 105 im Bor‐Nickel‐Verhältnis 1 : I.Weitere Umsetzung mit dem 2‐Aminoethanol‐diphenylborchelat liefert mit 50% Ausb. das Bis‐[diphenylbor]‐chelat (IIId).
ChemInform Abstract: TRIS(AMINO)BORANES: THE EFFECT OF ANGLE STRAIN ON HYBRIDIZATION
Authors: RICHMAN J. E. , YANG N.‐C. , ANDERSEN L. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese der polycyclischen Aminoborane erfolgt in allen Fällen ausgehend von den entsprechenden Triazamonocyclen.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF (TRICHLOROMETHYL)CHLOROSILANES
Authors: MATSUMOTO H. , OHKAWA K. , NAKANO T. , NAGAI Y.
Published: April 2016

Tetrachlordimethyldisilan (I) wird durch Tetrachlorkohlenstoff (II) unter Triphenylphosphinkatalyse zu Trichlormethyl‐dichlor‐methylsilan (III) und Methyltrichlorsilan (IV) gespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CONJUGATED ADDITION OF CYANOTRIMETHYLSILANE TO α,β‐UNSATURATED KETONES
Authors: UTIMOTO K. , OBAYASHI M. , SHISHIYAMA Y. , INOUE M. , NOZAKI H.
Published: April 2016

In Gegenwart von Triethylaluminium reagiert das Octalon (I) mit Trimethylsilylcyanid (II) je nach den Bedingungen zu den Addukten (III) bzw. (IVa) und (IVb); aus letzteren erhält man bei der Hydrolyse die isomeren Keto‐nitrile (Va) und (Vb).
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL β‐KETOPHOSPHONATE 1,4‐DIANION. TIN/LITHIUM EXCHANGE
Authors: GOSWAMI R.
Published: April 2016

Das β‐Ketophosphonat‐1,4‐Dianion (III) wird durch Bu3Sn/Li‐Austausch im Monoanion (II) vom 4‐Stannyl‐2‐oxobutylphosphonat (I) erzeugt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORYLATION WITH N‐PHOSPHORYLPYRAZOLES. IV. PHOSPHORYLATIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: REGITZ M. , WEISE G. , FELCHT U.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung des Phosphorylpyrazols (I) mit den aliphatischen Carbonsäuren (IIa‐c) in Gegenwart von Triethylamin liefert anstelle der erwarteten gemischten Anhydride vom Typ (VI) die 1‐Acylpyrazole (IIIa‐c) und Diphenylphosphinsäure (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF PHENYLANTIMONY DIBROMIDE BY ELIMINATION OF BROMOBENZENE FROM DIPHENYLANTIMONY TRIBROMIDE
Authors: SEVERENGIZ T. , BREUNIG H.‐J.
Published: April 2016

Das durch Bromierung von Triphenylstibin (I) zugängliche Triphenylantimondibromid (II) wird thermisch zu einem Gemisch aus Diphenylantimonbromid (III) und Phenylantimondibromid (IV) zersetzt, das auch durch Thermolyse von Diphenylantimontribromid (V) zugänglich ist.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N‐SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF 2,2′‐BIS(ARYLTHIO)DIETHYLAMINES
Authors: BAL S. , JACOBSON W. , KASZUBSKA J.
Published: April 2016

Die Diethylamine (I) werden zu den Derivaten (II) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE COORDINATION CHEMISTRY OF ZINC DIALKYLS. XV. PREPARATION, PURITY, AND PROPERTIES OF ZINC DIBENZYLS
Authors: WEISSIG V. , BECKHAUS R. , BANASIAK U. , THIELE K.‐H.
Published: April 2016

Die durch 1:2‐molare Umsetzung von Zn‐dichlorid und den Grignardverbindungen (I) dargestellten, als Dioxan‐Monosolvate isolierten Zn‐dibenzyle (II) enthalten beträchtliche Mengen an Mg‐dibenzylen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF COORDINATED AND UNSOLVATED TRIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)ALUMINUM
Authors: ROESCH L. + , ALTNAU G.
Published: April 2016

Trimethylchlorsilan (I) reagiert mit Aluminium und Lithium in Diethylether zu einem mit Ether koordinierten Tris‐(trimethylsilyl)‐aluminium‐Komplex (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MO(ONPH)(S2CNET2)2, A VALENCE ISOMER OF MOO(NPH)(S2CNET2)2
Authors: MAATTA E. A. , WENTWORTH R. A. D.
Published: April 2016

Syntheses and Characterization of Mo(ONPh)(S2CNEt2)2, a Valence Isomer of MoO(NPh)(S2CNEt2),.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FERROCENEMONOCARBOXYLIC ACID STEROID ESTERS
Authors: HOFFMANN K. , RIESSELMANN B. , WENZEL M.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von Ferrocencarbonsäurechlorid wurde durch Reaktion mit Östradiol in Gegenwart von 4‐Dimethyl‐ amino‐pyridin in CH2Cl2 das Östradiolferrocencarboxylat (Ia) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: LOW‐TEMPERATURE MATRIX PHOTOLYSIS OF CARBON‐CARBON AND CARBON‐HYDROGEN BONDS IN TRICARBONYLIRON COMPLEXES OF 5,5‐DIALKYLCYCLOPENTADIENES
Authors: GERHARTZ W. , ELLERHORST G. , DAHLER P. , EILBRACHT P.
Published: April 2016

Die photochemische Spaltung von C‐C‐Bindungen in den Titelkomplexen (I) und (IV) wurde bei 10 K in einer Argon‐Matrix untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF TIN(II) HALIDES WITH COMPLEXES CONTAINING TWO TRANSITION METAL‐HALOGEN BONDS, (CO(η‐DIENYL)(L)Y2) AND (FE(CO)3(PPH3)Y2), AND WITH (CO(η‐DIENYL)(CO)(C3F7)I) (DIENYL = CYCLOPENTADIENYL OR METHYL CYCLOPENTADIENYL; L = CARBONYL OR TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE; Y = BROMINE OR IODINE). A NOVEL INTRAMOLECULAR HALOGEN MIGRATION
Authors: FORTUNE J. , MANNING A. R.
Published: April 2016

Sn(II)‐halogenide reagieren mit äquimolaren Mengen der Co‐Komplexe (I) und (III) zu Verbindungen des Typs (II) bzw. (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: MODEL COMPOUNDS FOR COPPER(I) SITES IN HEMOCYANINS: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES OF COPPER(I)‐HISTAMINE COMPLEXES
Authors: PASQUALI M. , MARINI G. , FLORIANI C. , GAETANI‐MANFREDOTTI A. , GUASTINI C.
Published: April 2016

Eine methanolische Suspension von CuI reagiert in Gegenwart von Histamin reversibel mit CO zu dem dimeren Komplex (I), der als Tetraphenylborat gefällt wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF COPPER(III) TETRAGLYCINE
Authors: RYBKA J. S. , KURTZ J. L. , NEUBECKER T. A. , MARGERUM D. W.
Published: April 2016

Der Tetraglycin‐Komplex von dreiwertigem Kupfer ist mäßig stabil in neutraler Lösung mit einer Halblebensdauer von 5.5 h unter optimalen Bedingungen.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATION OF WATER MOLECULES. 4. GENERATION OF DIHYDROGEN FROM WATER BY RHODIUM(I) HYDRIDO AND RHODIUM(0) CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: YOSHIDA T. , OKANO T. , OTSUKA S.
Published: April 2016

Der aus Hydridotris‐[triisopropylphosphin]‐Rh durch oxidative Addition von Wasser in Gegenwart von Pyridin gebildete und als Tetraphenylborat isolierte Dihydrido‐Rh‐Komplex (II) reagiert mit tert.‐Butylisocyanid oder auch CO unter spontaner Hg‐Entwicklung zu den vierfach‐koordinierten kationischen Komplexen (I) bzw. (III).
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDS. PART 39. 5‐CHLORO‐5β‐CHOLESTANE
Authors: SHOPPEE C. W. , HART R. J. , HOWDEN M. E. H.
Published: April 2016

Bei Wiederholung der bereits 1906 von Mauthner beschriebenen Addition von HCl an Cholest‐5‐en in Chloroform wird neben Soz‐Chlor‐cholestan auch Sß‐Chlor‐cholestan erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CHOLEST‐4‐EN‐4,16β,18,22R‐TETROL‐3‐ONE 16,18‐DIACETATE. A NOVEL POLYHYDROXYLATED STEROID FROM THE HYDROID EUDENDRIUM SP
Authors: CIMINO G. , DE ROSA S. , DE STEFANO S. , SODANO G.
Published: April 2016

Die Struktur der Verbindung (I) wird bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: INHIBITION OF RIBOSOMAL PEPTIDYLTRANSFERASE WITH 2′(3′)‐O‐ACETYL‐2“(3”)‐O‐GLYCYL‐1,2‐DI(ADENOSIN‐N6‐YL)ETHANE AND ‐1,4‐DI(ADENOSIN‐N6‐YL)BUTANE. EFFECT OF ALKYL CHAIN LENGTH
Authors: MURATA M. , BHUTA P. , OWENS J. , ZEMLICKA J.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von dem Chlorid (I) werden die gesuchten Verbindungen (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFICIENT, REGIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF ANTHRACYCLINE INTERMEDIATES: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF DAUNOMYCIN
Authors: PARKER K. A. , KALLMERTEN J.
Published: April 2016

Alkalische Hydrolyse der Michael‐Addukte (I) liefert die Carbon‐ Säuren (II), deren Cyclisierungsprodukte (III) über die Ketale (IV) in die Chinone (V) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A GENERAL ROUTE TO 11‐DEOXYANTHRACYCLINES
Authors: GESSON J. P. , JACQUESY J. C. , MONDON M.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Cyclohexenon‐carbonester (I) entsteht der Enolether (II), der über das Li‐Derivat mit Trimethylchlorsilan zum Ketenacetal (III) substituiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: IR‐ AND RAMAN SPECTRA OF OCTACHLORO‐ AND OCTABROMOCYCLOTETRASILANE
Authors: HASSLER K. , HENGGE E. , KOVAR D.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Spektren folgt (Auswahlregeln), daß der Si4‐Ring in den Titelverbindungen nicht planar ist.