bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF SURGICAL DISEASES OF MAXILLOFACIAL REGION IN THE HOSPITALISATION OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS IN SOUTH URAL
Authors: Latyushina Larisa , Alabygin Aleksandr , Nasonov Aleksandr , Mindely Natalia , Bobrysheva Aleksandra
Published: August 2021

The reforms carried out in the country in health care redefine the tasks and functions of health care management, including the dental service. In recent decades, there has been a clear tendency towards an increase in dental morbidity in Russia against the background of a decrease in its availability and the level of preventive work, primarily due to an increase in the volume of medical care. In connection with the increase in the segment of non-state dental clinics, a change in the structure of the network of medical and prophylactic institutions of a dental profile is registered, while an increase in the number of patients seeking dental care for the first time at the stage of the disease requiring treatment in inpatient conditions is revealed. The aim of the study was to study the structure of surgical pathology of the maxillofacial region in children and adults in the Chelyabinsk region. To solve this goal, a retrospective study of the incidence and structure of surgical diseases of the maxillofacial region was carried out in patients of all age groups who received inpatient treatment in specialized departments for the period from 2016 to 2020. In the course of the study, it was revealed that in the Chelyabinsk region there is a consistently high need to provide assistance to patients of different ages with surgical pathology of the maxillofacial region in hospitalization — both among adults (18883 people were treated for the 5-year period under study), and during the analysis. data of pediatric patients (from 873 to 1070 children were treated per year). The majority of adult patients undergoing treatment in the conditions of the departments of maxillofacial surgery were admitted on an emergency basis with inflammatory processes (most often diagnosed with odontogenic phlegmon (L03.2)) and traumatic lesions of the face and neck (the vast majority — patients with fractures of the lower jaw (S02.6)), then in descending order — neoplasms, deformities and congenital pathology of the maxillofacial region followed; in children, after inflammatory diseases, neoplasms of the orofacial zone were recorded, followed by congenital pathology and facial injuries.
PECULIARITIES OF EFFECTIVE INDICATORS OF PHAGOCYTES AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE LOCAL FOCUS OF PERIAPICAL INFLAMMATION IN DIFFERENT FORMS OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Latyushina Larisa , Dolgushin Il'ya , Lapteva Anastasiia , Kolbina Ekaterina , Finadeev Aleksey , Pavlienko Yuliya
Published: August 2021

In the last decade, single-stage dental implantation has become widespread, often with immediate loading. A significant part of the implants are installed in the zone of chronic periapical inflammation, however, until now there are no data on the relationship between the form of chronic periodontitis and the processes of osseointegration in the peri-implant zone. The aim of this study was to study the effector parameters of wound neutrophils and the spectrum of pathogens of the local focus of inflammation in various forms of chronic peridontitis. 74 surveyed persons were divided into four groups, depending on the form of chronic periodontitis: group 1 was represented by patients with chronic fibrous periodontitis; Group 2 — patients with chronic granulating periodontitis; Group 3 — subjects with chronic granulomatous periodontitis; Group 4 — control group, patients with healthy teeth removed for orthopedic or orthodontic indications. We studied the quantitative composition of wound phagocytes and functional parameters of wound neutrophils of the separated socket of the extracted tooth, and also studied the biocenosis. Comparative analysis of the effector indices of neutrophils of the socket of the extracted tooth of the patients of the control group and those examined with various forms of chronic periapical inflammation made it possible to reveal in the latter: a twofold increase in the relative activity of phagocytosis and phagocytic number; multiple excess of the control value of the indicators of the intensity of the phagocytic reaction; high rates of activity and intensity of spontaneous and induced NBT-reducing function of wound phagocytes. Microbiological research made it possible to determine the differences in the composition of the microflora of the detachable sockets of the extracted teeth in patients with various forms of chronic periodontitis. Despite statistically significant differences in a number of immunological parameters and the revealed different microbial spectrum of pathogens of a chronic periapical focus, in patients with all forms of chronic periodontitis, predictors of the development of inflammatory complications were identified in the context of the planned one-stage dental implantation when implants were installed in the sockets of teeth with chronic periodontal foci.
Vloga podatkov v sodobni organizaciji
Authors: Gašperlin Blaž , Kljajić Borštnar Mirjana
Published: August 2021

Digitalna preobrazba je vzpodbudila nastajanje novih izdelkov, storitev in poslovnih modelov ter s tem nastanek povsem digitalnih okolij. Hiter razvoj in dostopnost digitalnih tehnologij sta povečala tudi količino podatkov in informacij, ki postajajo vedno bolj pomemben strateški vir in spodbujevalec sprememb sodobnih organizacij. Podatki ponujajo priložnost za ustvarjanje novih vpogledov, spoznanj in ključno podlago za sprejemanje kakovostnih odločitev. Kljub naraščanju pomembnosti podatkov organizacije premalo izkoriščajo njihovo vrednost ali pa jim primanjkuje znanj za njihovo celovito obvladovanje. Zaostajajo predvsem majhna in srednja podjetja, ki nimajo dovolj finančnih in kadrovskih virov. V prispevku izpostavimo pomembnost in vlogo podatkov v sodobni organizaciji. Najprej izpostavimo nekaj vlog in modelov podatkovnega upravljanja, zaključimo pa z modeli podatkovne zrelosti. Ugotavljamo, da podatki pomembno vplivajo na odločitveni proces in so velik spodbujevalec digitalne preobrazbe. Obvladovanje podatkov je še vedno največji problem majhnih in srednjih podjetij, zato bo tu potreben nadaljnji dvig podatkovne kulture, kompetenc in opredelitev podatkovne strategije.
Turystyczna baza noclegowa Łodzi i jej wykorzystanie w latach 1979-1997
Authors: Matczak Andrzej
Published: August 2021

Dla rozwoju gospodarki turystycznej w Łodzi ważne znaczenie ma aktualna wielkość, struktura, wykorzystanie i lokalizacja obiektów bazy noclegowej. Na podstawie kwerendy terenowej przeprowadzono analizę lokalizacji poszczególnych obiektów na obszarze Łodzi i jej zmienność w latach 1990-1997. Następnie, korzystając z bieżącej sprawozdawczości statystycznej, omówiono trendy występujące w latach 1979-1997 w wielkości, strukturze i wykorzystaniu tej bazy. W tym zakresie analizowano liczbę osób korzystających z noclegów, udzielone noclegi, przeciętny czas pobytu w obiektach noclegowych, średni poziom ich wykorzystania i sezonowość. Z kolei przeprowadzona w 1991 r. kwerenda bezpośrednio w turystycznych obiektach noclegowych w Łodzi dostarczyła danych do zarysowania struktury demograficznej osób korzystających z niej oraz obszarów rynkowych.
Effect of Phosphorous Application on Yield and its Uptake by Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Different Cropping Systems
Authors: Sikka R. , Kaur Simranpreet , Gupta R.K.
Published: August 2021

Background: Soybean-wheat is the most dominant soybean based cropping system and it also fits well in soybean-spring maize and soybean-gobhi sarson cropping systems. Soybean being a highly nutrient-exhaustive crop requires higher amounts of nutrients, particularly phosphorus for its optimum production. Thus, the present investigation was undertaken. Methods: A field experiment was conducted for three years to study the effect of phosphorous application on yield and P uptake by soybean in different cropping systems. There were three cropping systems which were kept in main plots and five P levels viz., 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 applied to soybean which were kept in the sub plot. Result: Application of 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted in highest mean seed yield of soybean (20.9 qha-1) but significant response was observed up to 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 (19.8 qha-1) only. Highest mean seed P uptake of soybean was observed under application of 80 kg P2O5 ha-1. The mean seed yield, stover yield and P uptake of soybean was not affected significantly under different cropping systems. The interaction effects of cropping system and applied P levels were however non-significant. A significant build-up of available P in surface soil over control was observed under 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 level.
RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION LEARNING TO COUNTER RADICALISM: Study at SMAN 1 Sugihwaras Bojonegoro
Authors: Smeer Zeid B. , Rosyidah Inayatur
Published: August 2021

Among the negative impacts of advances in digital technology is the spread of false information based on religion which plays a role in shaping young people to become radicalized and justifying violence for religious solidarity. Efforts should be made to internalize the values of religious moderation in Islamic Education learning (PAI) in schools, so that students are able to understand, live and practice moderate Islamic values according to the Islamic vision, namely Islam Raḥmat li al-Âlamîn. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with the object of research at SMAN 1 Sugihwaras Bojonegoro. Data obtained through interviews, documentation, and observation. The data analysis technique used Miles and Huberman's model in the form of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The data validity used triangulation technique. The findings show that the internalization of religious moderation in Islamic education learning to counter radicalism can be started by determining educational policies and objectives, as well as through the design of a the prescribed/intended curriculum and a hidden curriculum. Meanwhile, the contribution of religious moderation in general is to mature students' intellectual, mental and social skills as multicultural social beings with respect for diversity and a willingness to cooperate fairly with anyone.
Strategi dan Marketing Politik Caleg Anwar Al Sadat Dalam Pileg 2019 Dapil Palembang II Sumsel
Authors: Sepriansyah Muhamad , Yazwardi Yazwardi , Zalpa Yulion
Published: August 2021

The election of legislative candidates is a legitimate link between the people and the government in a democratic society. Political strategy is a political force that will occupy a power in the future, the strategy used is to use battle to win wars and aims to achieve peace.

The purpose of this study was to determine the strategy carried out by M. Anwar Al Syadat in the 2019 legislative elections in the Palembang II electoral district. This research is field research or "field research" which is carried out in the real world.

The results of field research show that the strategy carried out by M. Anwar Al Syadat in the 2019 legislative election uses a political marketing strategy, namely first, showing a political product which contains the vision and mission and excellent work programs of M. Anwar Al Syadat and the winning team. to be shown to the community in the 9 Districts where the campaign is. Second, this promotion is carried out by means of direct dialogue with the community and through social media such as Facebook and Instagram. Third, determine the price during the campaign, both in the campaign funding process and in building the image price of the legislative candidates. Fourth, the place for the campaign, which at that time was not only focused on 1 sub-district, but all sub-districts in the electoral district of Palembang II.
Politik Identitas: Peran Politik Etnis Tionghoa dalam Pemilihan Walikota dan Wakil Walikota Palembang Tahun 2018
Authors: Anugrah Muhammad Yoga , Syawaludin Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini membahas peranana etnis Tionghoa yang berada di kota Palembang dalam pemilihan walikota dan wakil wlikota tahun 2018 yang tergabung dalam organisasi PITI (Persatuan Islam Tionghoa Indonesia). Orgsnisasi PITI tidak seperti organisasi  lainya yang menyatakan dukungan secara langsung dan terbuka dalam mendukung salah satu pasangan colon. Dapat dikatakan bahwa organisai PITI yang berada di kota Palembang namapaknya kurang teralu membuka terhadap kegiatan politik atau tergolong tertutup. Karena dari segi jumlah PITI tidak memiliki banyak anggota seperti organisasi masyarakat lainya.

 

Adapun rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini, yaitu: Pertama, Bagaimana partisipasi politik etnis Tionghoa dalam pemilihan walikota dan wakil walikota Palembang tahun 2018. Kedua, Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi etnis Tionghoa dalam pemilihan walikota dan wakil walikota Palembang tahun 2018.

 

Metode dalam penelitian ini termasuk metode kualitatif deskriftif dan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara langsung dengan narasumber sebagai sumber primer. Selain itu, sebagai sumber sekunder informasi diperoleh melalui buku, jural, dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah terdahulu. Adapun wawancara dilakukan dengan wakil ketua umum, bendahara, dan anggota PITI kota Palembang.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa paartisipasi politik oraganisasi PITI dalam pemilihan walikota dan wakil walikota Palembang tahun 2018 bersikap netral terhadap pilihan politiknya. Namun, netral yang dimaksud ialah secara organisasi PITI tidak mengajak anggotanya memilih salah satu kandidat calon dari keempat pasangan calon, akan tetapi anggota bebas untuk menentukan pilihannya dan mempengaruhi teman-temannya asalkan tidak dalam kegiatan resmi organisasi PITI. Selanjutnya adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi politik PITI ialah kurang terbukanya terhadap pasangan calon ataupun tim sukses calon, sehingga PITI dapat dikatakan masih bersika malu-malu bahkan cendrung tertutup dalam kegiatan pemilihan tersebut.
SOKONGAN POLITIK DAN STRUKTUR MODAL PADA PERUSAHAAN SYARIAH INDEKS LQ-45 BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Hendrawaty Ernie , Syaputra Kamilia
Published: August 2021

The aim of this research was to find out the effect of political connections on the leverage of syariah and non-syariah companies in Indonesia. Politically connected companies are suspected to have higher leverage than companies that are not politically connected to syariah and non-syariah companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange Index LQ-45. The period in this research was 2014 to 2018. The samples in this research were 19 syariah companies and seven non-syariah companies. Out of 19 sharia companies, 16 were politically connected and three were without political connections. Non-syariah companies have five politically connected companies and two without political connections. Regression test result shows significant results of political connections to leverage in syariah and non-syariah companies. Political connections are considered capable of supporting companies in terms of funding.
Capital Adequacy Ratio (Car) dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya di Bank Syariah Mandiri (Periode Maret 2012 - Maret 2019)
Authors: Ismaulina Ismaulina , Wulansari Ayu , Safira Mira
Published: August 2021

CAR variable is the most important indicator of bank health according to BI. CAR is influenced by NPF, ROA, BOPO, FDR. The problem is how partially the influence of NPF, ROA, BOPO, FDR on CAR in BSM from March 2012-March 2019? Do NPF, ROA, BOPO, FDR simultaneously affect CAR? The research method used is quantitative descriptive with SPPS analysis version 22. The results showed that the NPF value of t-count was 0.449 <t table 1.705, so that it received Ho1 so that it could be concluded that NPF had no effect on CAR at PT. BSM for March 2012-March 2019. While ROA, BOPO and FDR affect the CAR of PT. BSM. This can be seen from the value of each variable at the t-value higher than the t-table value. ROA t-count 2,262> 1,705 t-tables. BOPO value of t-itung 1.916> t-table 1.705. and FDR value t-count -2.969> t-table 1.705, and for the simultaneous test F count> F table (3.286> 2.98) with a significant value of 0.028> α = 5% (0.05). This means that there is a significant influence together between all the independent variables on the dependent variable in PT.BSM.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas Terhadap Return Saham Dengan Nilai Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Pada Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi Periode 2013-2017
Authors: Kumala Destiana
Published: August 2021

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effect of profitability on stock returns with firm value as the mediating variable. The population in this study are manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector which are listed on the Indonesian Sharia Shock Index (ISSI), the independent variable in this study is profitabilty (X), proxied by using return on equity, the dependent variable stock returns (Y). As measured by the calculation of the stock return formula and the mediating variable, namely the firm value (Z) is proxied by the price to book value (PBV).

This research method uses quantitative research methods using secondary data. Samples were taken based on predetermined criteria. From the sampling method applied, it was obtained 13 manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector that were listed on the Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) 2013 – 2017 with data analysis using the SPSS 22 program.

The results showed that profitability had an effect on firm value, profitability had no effect on stock return, firm value had an effect on stock returns, profitability had an effect on stock returns mediated by firm value.

keywords : profitability,stock return, firm value
"A Disunited Kingdom": the Muslim Diaspora of Great Britain in Scientific Discussion
Authors: Sigachev M. , Arteev S.
Published: August 2021

The present world is characterized by the growth of conflicts. Dividing lines and fractures are increasingly appearing in societies. Migration reinforces such phenomena. The West is no longer an area of stability and prosperity. Moreover, in the last two decades, the problem of integrating the descendants of migrants into society has become clear. In this regard, the scientific discussions of cultural identity acquire a high practical significance. The paper presents an analysis of the scientific discourse on the Muslim issue in the UK. The choice of the case is due to the fact that the UK is a typical Western state, where there is a steady trend to strengthen the cleavage of society. At the same time, it is noted that migration has become one of the key processes in the history of the United Kingdom. The authors apply the concepts of a divided society and responsible development. It is noted that in practice multiculturalism is changing to interculturalism as a more adequate concept of solving existing problems. According to the authors, the ethno-religious discourse on the issue of the Muslim diaspora in the UK consists of four areas: migration, school and higher education, gender, and radicalization of young people. Discourses on the problems of migration policy and functioning of diasporas, Muslim education, gender equality, and radicalization of Islamic youth can be considered derived from a higher discourse – the discourse of identity, which is based on value-worldview aspects. In conclusion, it is noted that negative processes are taking place in British society, which are of strategic importance for responsible development. According to the authors, success in overcoming divisions in British society will depend on coordinated planned actions at all levels (international, national, regional, local). “Indigenous” residents and the Muslim diaspora need to build a model of partnership, which implies mutual responsibility. The analysis of scientific discourses presented in the article inspires moderate optimism, as it offers well-founded and concrete solutions to the existing problems of British society. Although British society is divided, British scientific discourse has a common platform where researchers of different backgrounds and faiths successfully engage in dialogue.
The Modern Financial Conglomerates Competition
Authors: Dubinin S.
Published: August 2021

The national and worldwide financial markets were dramatically reorganized in the after financial crisis 2007–2009 years period. The financial systems development faced new macroeconomic environment. The financial conglomerates are actively competing on the financial markets in now day situation. The financial institutes’ competitiveness is determined more and more by the factor of financial innovations on the information technology base. And the competition is escalating. This is the result of the IT companies, eCommerce firm’s invasion in the financial area. They are using the marketplace, information platform, the Big Data technologies. The major world commercial banks answer is the business-model change. The banking sector, the financial companies, in their turn, are targeting to expend their personal client service orientation with the Fintech ecosystems instruments. The banks became the management centers of the financial conglomerates and banking groups. Their role today is realizing the asset control over the SPV, investment funds, pension funds, insurance companies, which are transformed into the financial conglomerate’s divisions. The financial sphere space extends and so far, the prudential regulation and authorities’ activity spreads to all financial business aspects. This government activity is targeting today also on the international multipole competition. For example, the USA technological and financial innovations on the global financial markets are combined with the multilateral and unilateral economic sanctions aimed at banning the Chinese economic and political expansion.
Servitization of Industry: New Evidence
Authors: Kondrat’ev V. , Kedrova G. , Popov V.
Published: August 2021

A significant increase in the use of services is observed for some industries in GVCs (Global Value Chains). The paper has shed light on important dimension of the servitization which is the sale and export of services by manufacturing firms, often bundled together with goods. Firm-level data confirm that many firms are involved both in the production of goods and services and that there are complementarities between these activities. Not only manufacturing firms are involved in the distribution, transport and logistics services needed for their international operations in GVCs but also, they provide installation, maintenance, repair services as well as a variety of other business support and complementary services that increase value for their customers. The servitization has important policy implications, particularly when taking into account the fact that trade in services is generally more restricted than trade in goods. As the lines between goods and services are blurred, economic policy today might be more challenging than in the past, particularly for companies moving to new business models that imply more interactions with customers and a more intensive use of digital technologies. Services themselves are split into different modes of supply for which there are different levels of economic policy. A closer look at the mechanisms of value creation in the case of services suggests that there are still the needs of new economic policy addressed at business models described as value networks or value shops. As technologies become more disruptive and more companies move to ‘servicified’ GVCs, the need for a more consistent international economic policy regime, particularly at the multilateral level, will become more urgent.
Prospects for Cooperation Between Russia and the Republic of Korea in the Fields of Big Data, Network and Artificial Intelligence for the Development of the Digital Economy
Authors: Kim Yujeong
Published: August 2021

Today, each country has interest in digital economy and has established and implemented policies aimed at digital technology development and digital transformation for the transition to the digital economy. In particular, interest in digital technologies such as big data, 5G, and artificial intelligence, which are recognized as important factors in the digital economy, has been increasing recently, and it is a time when the role of the government for technological development and international cooperation becomes important. In addition to the overall digital economic policy, the Russian and Korean governments are also trying to improve their international competitiveness and take a leading position in the new economic order by establishing related technical and industrial policies. Moreover, Republic of Korea often refers to data, network and artificial intelligence as D∙N∙A, and has established policies in each of these areas in 2019. Russia is also establishing and implementing policies in the same field in 2019. Therefore, it is timely to find ways to expand cooperation between Russia and Republic of Korea. In particular, the years of 2020and 2021marks the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries, and not only large-scale events and exchange programs have prepared, but the relationship is deepening as part of the continued foreign policy of both countries – Russia’s Eastern Policy and New Northern Policy of Republic of Korea. Therefore, this paper compares and analyzes the policies of the two countries in big data, 5G, and artificial intelligence to seek long-term sustainable cooperation in the digital economy.
COVID-19 Pandemic as a Challenge to Franco-German Leadership in the EU
Authors: Timofeev P. , Khorolskaya M.
Published: August 2021

The study is focused on the COVID 19 pandemic as a challenge for Franco-German leadership in the European Union. The authors investigate whether joint actions by Berlin and Paris can strengthen the EU’s resilience to crises. As it is shown, the first isolationist reaction of the EU states to pandemic was followed by their attempts to find a common decision. The negotiations on an anti-crisis plan were complicated by the division of the European Union states into opposing camps. Two projects proposed by them – the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) and the “coronabonds” – reflected the narrow interests of rich, frugal “Northern” and economically modest “Southern” groups, and failed. In contrast, the Franco-German cooperation became a breakthrough. In March-April 2020, Germany and France opposed each other, supporting ESM and coronabonds, respectfully. In May-June 2020, A. Merkel and E. Macron agreed to a compromise and came up with a unified position. While Germany left “frugal” group by agreeing to allocate money to support the “South” without insisting on mandatory reforms, and endorsed the idea of joint debt obligations, France refused to support the “Southern” coronabond project and agreed to the mediation of the EU Commission. That gave new breath to negotiations where a new regrouping of countries took place: the “South” states failing to defend coronabonds supported the Franco-German plan based on subsidies, while the “frugals” put forward an alternative based on loans. The EU Commission’s project which included both proposals was discussed in July 2020: at that moment, the Franco-German tandem backed by the “South” states had to persuade both the “frugal” and the East- European states. Finally, the EU Commission’s plan promoted by Merkel and Macron was adopted, though with serious adjustments. The authors conclude that the Franco-German alliance has confirmed its capability to strengthen the European Union resilience, but its leadership is no longer unconditional, and in the future, they should take into account the interests of the EU regional groups. Acknowledgments. The article was prepared within the project “Post-Crisis World Order: Challenges and Technologies, Competition and Cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).
China in Global Capital Markets
Authors: Potapov M. , Kotlyarov N.
Published: August 2021

The article is analyzing the positions of China in global capital markets, and the factors that determine them. It shows the trends and features of attracting foreign direct investment in China, exporting Chinese capital abroad, attracting portfolio investments to China. The investment aspects of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative and the role of Hong Kong as an international financial center are also considered. The evolution of the currency market regulation in China and the dynamics of the Yuan exchange rate, as well as the internationalizing of the Chinese currency and its use in cross-border operations are also discussed. The authors believe that the prospects for strengthening China’s position in the global capital markets will be determined by a number of circumstances, including the dynamics of the world economy, the growth rate of the Chinese economy, and the consistent liberalization of conditions for cross-border capital movement in China. The maintaining of higher growth rates of the Chinese economy in the context of the global recession and the coronavirus pandemic, as well as the ongoing liberalization of the domestic capital markets, suggest that the Chinese economy will remain attractive for foreign investors. The export of Chinese direct investment abroad will be largely determined by the dynamics of the country’s foreign trade, national restrictions on the export of capital, the implementing the Belt and Road Initiative and the position of China’s leading economic partners, primarily the United States, towards Chinese investment. At the same time, increased geopolitical and country risks will affect the geographical structure of China’s investment abroad in the direction of enhancing cooperation with Asian countries and participants of the Belt and Road Project. In the context of aggravated relations with the United States, China will make efforts to reduce dependence on the US dollar in settlements. Further steps will also be taken to internationalize the Chinese national currency and to achieve an increase in the use of RMB in payments. The lifting of restrictions on cross-border portfolio investments in the PRC is predetermined by ensuring the domestic macroeconomic stability, strengthening the financial system, low inflation, affordable credit, a stable balance of payments, and sufficient foreign exchange reserves. China’s real entry into the world’s leaders, both in the global commodity and capital markets, requires the creation of its own technological base, the transition to a new energy-saving, environmental-friendly national economic structure based on knowledge and new technologies, balancing the development levels of the country’s regions, and increasing the average per capita income of people.
Secrecy Analysis and Error Probability of LIS-aided Communication Systems under Nakagami-m Fading
Authors: Ferreira Ricardo Coelho , Facina Michelle S. P. , de Figueiredo Felipe A. P. , Fraidenraich Gustavo , de Lima Eduardo Rodrigues
Published: August 2021

In this work, we derive the spectral efficiency, secrecy outage probability, and bit error rate of a communication system assisted by a large intelligent surface (LIS). We consider a single-antenna user and an array of antennas at the transmitter side and the possibility of a direct link between transmitter and receiver. Additionally, there is a single-antenna eavesdropper with a direct link to the transmitter, which is modeled as a Nakagami-m distributed fading coefficient. The channels from transmitter to the LIS and from the LIS to the user may or may not have the line-of-sight (LoS) and are modeled by the Nakagami- m distribution. Moreover, we assume that the LIS elements perform non-ideal phase cancellation leading to a residual phase error that assumes a Von Mises distribution. We show that the resulting channel can be accurately approximated by a Gamma distribution whose parameters are analytically estimated using the moments of the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio. We also provide an upper bound for the error probability for M-QAM modulations. With the derived formulas, we analyze the effect of the strength of the LoS link by varying the Nakagami parameter, m.
Feasibility of Remediation Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Copper and Cadmium Contaminated Groundwater by Calcium Sulfide
Authors: Huang Chin-Yuan , Cheng Pei-Cheng , Chang Jih-Hsing , Wan Yu-Chih , Hong Xiang-Min , Cheng Shu-Fen
Published: August 2021

Heavy metals contamination in groundwater often occurs in various industrial processes. Stud-ies have confirmed that polysulfide could reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, achieving the effect of in-situ stabilization. For other heavy metals contamination in groundwa-ter, whether polysulfide also had a stabilizing ability to achieve in-situ remediation. This re-search focused on heavy metals except for chromium that often contaminated in groundwater, including lead, nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium to explore the feasibility of using calcium polysulfide (CaSx) as an in-situ stabilization technology for these heavy metals contamination groundwater. Results showed that CaSx had a great removal efficiency for heavy metals lead, nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium. However, for nickel, zinc, copper and cadmium, when CaSx was added excessively, complexes would be formed, causing the result of re-dissolve and this would also reduce the removal efficiency. Since it is difficult to accurately control the dosage of agents for in-situ groundwater remediation, the concentration of re-dissolved nickel, zinc, cop-per, and cadmium may not be able to meet the groundwater control standards. CaSx had high lead removal efficiency, and it would not cause re-dissolution due to excessive CaSx dosing. CaSx can be used as an in-situ stabilization technique for lead contaminated groundwater.
SBMLWebApp: Web-based Simulation, Steady-State Analysis, and Parameter Estimation of Systems Biology Models
Authors: Yamada Takahiro G. , Ii Kaito , König Matthias , Feierabend Martina , Dräger Andreas , Funahashi Akira
Published: August 2021

In systems biology, biological phenomena are often modeled by ODE and distributed in the de facto standard file format SBML. The primary analyses performed with such models are dynamic simulation, steady-state analysis, and parameter estimation. These methodologies are mathematically formalized, and libraries for such analyses have been published. Several tools exist to create, simulate, or visualize models encoded in SBML. However, setting up and establishing analysis environments is a crucial hurdle for non-modelers. Therefore, easy access to perform fundamental analyses of ODE models is a significant challenge. We developed SBMLWebApp, a web-based service to execute SBML-based simulations, steady-state analysis, and parameter estimation directly in the browser without the need for any setup or prior knowledge to address this issue. SBMLWebApp visualizes the result and numerical table of each analysis and provides a download of the results. SBMLWebApp allows users to select and analyze SBML models directly from the BioModels Database. Taken together, SBMLWebApp provides barrier-free access to an SBML analysis environment for simulation, steady-state analysis, and parameter estimation for SBML models. SBMLWebApp is implemented in Java™ based on an Apache Tomcat® web server using COPASI, the SBSCL, and LibSBMLSim as simulation engines. SBMLWebApp is licensed under MIT with source code available from https://github.com/TakahiroYamada/SBMLWebApp. The program runs online at http://simulate-biology.org.
Analysis of the Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation Response to Arctic Ice Reduction Based on Simulation Results
Authors: Platov Gennady , Krupchatnikov Vladimir , Gradov Viacheslav , Borovko Irina , Volodin Evgeny
Published: August 2021

The amplified Arctic warming is one of several factors influencing atmospheric dynamics. In this work, we consider a series of numerical experiments to identify the direct role of the Arctic sea ice reduction process in forming climatic trends in the northern hemisphere. Aimed at this, we used two more or less independent mechanisms of ice reduction. The first is traditionally associated with increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from the historic level of 360 ppm to 450 ppm and 600 ppm. This growth increases air temperature and decreases the ice volume. The second mechanism is associated with a reduction in the reflectivity of ice and snow. We assume that comparing the results of these two experiments allows us to judge the direct role of ice reduction. The most prominent consequences of ice reduction, as a result, were the weakening of temperature gradient at the tropopause level in mid-latitudes, the slower zonal wind at 50-60∘N, intensification of wave activity in Europe, Western America, and Chukotka, and its weakening in the south of Siberia and Kazakhstan. We also consider how climate change may alter regimes such as blocking and stationary Rossby waves. The study used the INM-CM48 climate system model .
From Oncological Paradigms to Non-Communicable Disease Pandemic. The Need of Recovery Human Biology Evolution
Authors: Biganzoli Elia , Demicheli Romano
Published: August 2021

The paradigm of the Somatic Mutation Theory (SMT) is failing and a new paradigm is in the making but not yet established. What is being challenged is a conceptual approach that involves the entire human biology and the development of chronic diseases. The behavior of breast cancer is well compatible with the concept that the primary tumor is able to control its microscopic metastases, in the same way that an organ (e.g., the liver) is able to control its physiological size. This finding suggested that breast cancer and its metastases may behave as an organoid. The new paradigm under construction considers the origin of tumors as a disturbance in the communication network between tissue cell populations and between cells and extracellular matrix, and supports a systemic approach to the study of both healthy and pathologic tissues. The commentary provides a rationale for the role of physical exercise in the control of tumor dormancy according to a human evolutionary perspective.
Medicolegal Perspective on Physician-Induced Demand Issue
Authors: Putri Wulandari Berliani , Widyasari Vita , Musabula Juliet , Hayat Muhammad Jihadul
Published: August 2021

This study sheds light on the extent to which the medical law protects patients' rights from Physician-Induced Demand behavior. This study shows that the term of Physician-Induced Demand has not been recognized in health regulations. Meanwhile, some often fail to recall that medical law has protected patients’ right in the therapeutic transaction between doctor and patient through Act No. 29 of 2004; Minister of Health Regulations number 11 Year 2017; Act No. 44 of 2009, Civil Code and Act No. 36 of 2009. In order to reduce Physician-Induced Demand, establishing a guideline of good clinical practice, including the informed-consent guideline is urgently needed. Government should also control the quality and cost of healthcare providers as well as adequate payment system for physicians.

Keywords: Physician-Induced Demand; Medical Law; Legal Protection of Patient.
Application of Sanctions Against State Administrative Officials in Failure to Implement Administrative Court Decisions
Authors: Noor Hendry Julian , Afkar Kardiansyah , Glaser Henning
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the nature, types, and execution of administrative court decisions, as well as the position of the Prosecutor's office in the Indonesian legal system. This research also examines the legal consequences for officials that do not adhere to administrative court decisions. This is prescriptive legal research and descriptive normative legal research, comprising a statute and case approach, with data collected from primary and secondary legal materials. Firstly, the results showed that the nature of administrative court decisions is erga omnes. The types of administrative court decisions are before and after the dispute subject examination. Furthermore, the execution consists of the obligation to revoke the state administrative decisions, issue new laws due to the petition for negative or positive fictitious choices, and the imposition of compensation and rehabilitation in employment disputes. Secondly, the position of the Prosecutor was categorized into executive power. Thirdly, state administrative officials are obliged to implement administrative court decisions. To not implementing the administrative court decision is a violation of the principle of legality. Legal consequences for government officials that do not subject to and are disobedient to the administrative court decision with legal force should still be imposed administrative sanctions by their superiors.

Keywords: Administrative Sanctions; Administrative Court; Prosecutor’s Office.
Freedom of Expression in Malaysia: Compatibility with the International Human Rights Standard
Authors: Yussoff Saidah Fasihah Binti Che , Nordin Rohaida
Published: August 2021

Malaysia is likely to introduce new laws on freedom of information. However, the important questions are whether the said laws are effective and will have enough bite with the public looking forward to opening government policy. Freedom of information has developed under international human rights law as the right to freedom of expression, including the freedom to seek, receive and impart knowledge and ideas through media, regardless of any frontier. This paper aims to examine freedom of expression under the international realm, scrutinize the said freedom in the Malaysian legal framework, and discuss the proposed enactment of freedom of information laws in Malaysia in conformity with international human rights law. This research uses the qualitative research method. This paper concludes that freedom of information in Malaysia is severely impeded by the enforcement of the Official Secret Act. This paper calls for the repeal or amendment to the Act in conformity with international standards.  

Keywords: Expression; Freedom; Expression; Human Right.
Transgender and the Right to Employment in India: Analysing the Trajectories of Discrimination
Authors: K. Mishra Utkarsh , Negi Abhishek
Published: August 2021

This research aims to investigate the trajectories of discrimination these communities face in the employment sector. While doing so, the authors have emphasized that despite a clear mandate of ‘Right to Work’ in the Constitution of India, policymakers, governments, and the Indian judiciary too has been keen only on laying down framework only concerning ‘Rights at work.’ In this sense, the authors opine that India presently lacks a clear employment non-discrimination framework. Even almost all the labor laws of India stipulate rights and duties post-recruitment scenario. There is an apparent lack of pre-recruitment guidelines. In this light, the authors see the Supreme Court’s recent judgment in the NALSA case recognizing the Transgenders as ‘third gender’ and the efforts of the Indian Parliament to frame a law on the protection of the rights of the transgender people as a silver lining in the cloud. This paper highlights the underpinnings of this development by still emphasizing that something needs to be done more on the front.

 

  Keywords: Transgenders; Employment; India.
Prenatal Use of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder and Other Prescription Opioids in Cases of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: North Carolina Medicaid, 2016–2018
Authors: Austin Anna E. , Bona Vito Di , Cox Mary E. , Proescholdbell Scott , Fliss Michael Dolan , Naumann Rebecca B.
Published: August 2021

Objectives. To estimate use of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and prescription opioids in pregnancy among mothers of infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS).

Methods. We used linked 2016–2018 North Carolina birth certificate and newborn and maternal Medicaid claims data to identify infants with an NOWS diagnosis and maternal claims for MOUD and prescription opioids in pregnancy (n = 3395).

Results. Among mothers of infants with NOWS, 38.6% had a claim for MOUD only, 14.3% had a claim for prescription opioids only, 8.1% had a claim for both MOUD and prescription opioids, and 39.1% did not have a claim for MOUD or prescription opioids in pregnancy. Non-Hispanic Black women were less likely to have a claim for MOUD than non-Hispanic White women. The percentage of infants born full term and normal birth weight was highest among women with MOUD or both MOUD and prescription opioid claims.

Conclusions. In the 2016–2018 NC Medicaid population, 60% of mothers of infants with NOWS had MOUD or prescription opioid claims in pregnancy, underscoring the extent to which cases of NOWS may be a result of medically appropriate opioid use in pregnancy.
Inflow Performance Analysis of a Horizontal Well Coupling Stress Sensitivity and Reservoir Pressure Change in a Fractured-Porous Reservoir
Authors: Wang Mingxian , Fan Zifei , Zhao Wenqi , Ming Ruiqing , Zhao Lun , Tan Chengqian , Zhang Juan , Li Weiqiang
Published: August 2021

Stress sensitivity has always been a research hotspot in fractured-porous reservoirs and shows huge impacts on well productivity during the depletion development. Due to the continuous reservoir pressure change, accurate evaluation of stress sensitivity and its influence on well productivity is of great significance to optimize well working system. Taking horizontal well trajectory as the research object, the principal focus of this work is on the analysis of inflow performance for a horizontal well coupling stress sensitivity and reservoir pressure change in a fractured-porous reservoir. Firstly, a relationship between permeability damage rate and stress sensitivity coefficient was established to quantitatively evaluate the influence of reservoir pressure and stress sensitivity on reservoir permeability. Secondly, considering stress sensitivity and reservoir pressure drop, a set of practical productivity equations were derived for a horizontal well in a fractured-porous reservoir by adopting the equivalent seepage resistance method. Finally, the influence of relevant important factors on the inflow performance of horizontal wells was discussed in depth. Results show that a positive correlation exists between stress sensitivity coefficient and maximum permeability damage rate. At the same maximum permeability damage rate, high initial reservoir pressure corresponds to low stress sensitivity coefficient. In general, stress sensitivity coefficient mainly ranges from 0 to 0.2. Reservoir pressure change drastically affects the production dynamic characteristics of horizontal wells, and both the inflow performance curve and the production index curve decline and shrink as reservoir pressure decreases. Stress sensitivity is negatively correlated with horizontal well productivity, and the inflow performance/production index curve bends closer to bottom-hole pressure axis, and an inflection point can be observed with the aggravation of stress sensitivity. In addition, horizontal wellbore length and initial reservoir permeability also show significant effects on the inflow performance and are positively correlated with well productivity. For water cut, it has little effect on the well production when bottom-hole pressure drawdown is low, but its effect gets stronger as the drawdown becomes higher. Meaningfully, depending on these newly established productivity equations, a reasonable production system can be quantitatively optimized and achieved for the horizontal wells in fractured-porous reservoirs.