bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Тактика применения боевых приемов борьбы сотрудником полиции и задержания правонарушителей в состоянии опьянения
Authors: Шихов А.А. , Волков Г.А.
Published: February 2024

В статье наряду с особенностями взаимодействия с лицами, находящимися в состоянии алкогольного или наркотического опьянения, рассматриваются базовые правила, раскрывающие проблематику применения боевых приемов борьбы в отношении таких правонарушителей, а также основные пути их решения. Предложены некоторые тактические аспекты, позволяющие успешно решать нестандартные, в том числе конфликтные ситуации при задержании лиц, нарушающих общественный порядок, находящихся в нетрезвом виде.
Сравнительное исследование методов восстановления земель после чрезвычайных ситуаций в нефтегазовой промышленности
Authors: Гулевич А.И.
Published: February 2024

данная статья посвящена сравнительному анализу методов рекультивации земель после аварий в нефтегазовом комплексе. В этой статье описываются плюсы и минусы каждого метода, а также факторы, которые необходимо учитывать при выборе наилучшего метода восстановления. Поэтому в статье подчеркивается важность выбора наиболее эффективного и экономичного способа рекультивации земель для устойчивого развития нефтегазовой отрасли и сохранения природных ресурсов для будущих поколений.
Защита данных от вредоносных угроз в системе защиты
Authors: Ибрагимова З.М. , Исакиева З.С.
Published: February 2024

Будут освещены недостатки и преимущества методов измерения рисков, используемых в комплексной системе защиты, даны рекомендации и классификация потенциальных нарушителей при создании механизма безопасности в организации. Одним из приемов анализа системных защит будет создание динамического движения сложной системы, в дополнение к которому будет рассмотрено, что необходимо учитывать при оценке рисков и какие параметры рассчитывать. Особое внимание будет уделено созданию методов и технологий создания программного обеспечения для выявления и снижения рисков на основе карт движения.
Авиационные происшествия повышенного риска
Authors: Попов Ю.В. , Диогенов Е.С.
Published: February 2024

В статье проведен анализ статических данных по авиационным происшествиям. Проблема обеспечения безопасности полетов была и остается главной проблемой авиации. Авиационная транспортная система постоянно находится в состоянии риска. Приведен временной ряд количества катастроф на 100 тыс. часов налета за период 1958 – 2022 гг. для СССР и стран СНГ. В статье отработаны мероприятия для решения проблемы безопасности полетов. Проведѐнный анализ установил три категории повышенного риска: заход на посадку, столкновение исправного ВС с землей, потеря управления в полете. В статье приведены статистические данные по трем этим категориям, показана их доля от общего числа авиационных происшествий. Анализ статистических данных показал, что заход на посадку является очень опасным этапом полета.
Результаты экспериментальных исследований по флотации в центробежном поле вращения жидкости
Authors: Саломатова С.И.
Published: February 2024

В статье представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований по флотации минералов с близкими технологическими свойствами. В разработанном в лаборатории обогащения полезных ископаемых Института горного дела Севера им. Н.В. Черского СО РАН способе флотации разделение минеральных частиц происходит по гидрофобности в тонком слое на поверхности вращающегося потока воды (пульпы). При проведении лабораторных исследований используется экспериментальный вариант центробежной флотомашины с периферийной разгрузкой концентрата, конструкции ИГДС СО РАН, (получен патент РФ). В результате серии экспериментальных исследований проб продуктов переработки золото-сурьмяной руды месторождения «Сентачан» получено, что при воздействии центробежной силы вращения жидкости и гидрофобных свойств минералов усиливаются показатели селективности разделения минералов, что указывает на перспективность использования центробежной флотомашины для повышения качества концентрата при проведении операций перечистки.
Ключевые аспекты управления на всех этапах жизненного цикла газа
Authors: Скок А.С.
Published: February 2024

В работе рассматриваются ключевые аспекты оптимизации операций, связанных с газовой промышленностью, с упором на обеспечение высокого стандарта качества продукции. Применение системного подхода и методов управления качеством позволяет эффективно координировать процессы в данной сфере и достигать желаемых показателей результативности.
Оптимизация гидрирования через автоматическое управление
Authors: Скок А.С.
Published: February 2024

Статья обсуждает использование сенсоров, регуляторов и исполнительных механизмов для автоматического управления параметрами гидрирования и оптимизации состояния границы раздела фаз. Данная статья подчеркивает важность автоматизации в химической и нефтеперерабатывающей промышленности и ее роль в обеспечении успешного гидрирования.
Геотехническая установка для изготовления свай ЭРТ
Authors: Соколов Н.С.
Published: February 2024

Разрядно-импульсная технология устройства буроинъекционных свай открывает новое направление в геотехническом строительстве. Благодаря ее специфическим качествам она является оригинальной. В отличие от других технологий она позволяет изготовить буроинъекционные сваи повышенной несущей способности. Оригинальность этой технологии заключается в использовании генераторов импульсных токов для создания электрогидравлического эффекта в пробуренной и заполненной мелкозернис-тым бетоном скважине. Технология устройства буровых свай с помощью генератора импульсных токов способствует повышению надежности и электробезопасности путем уменьшения рабочего напряжения. При формировании высокоэнергетического импульса создаются условия, при которых образуется и развивается ударная волна в виде электрогидравлического эффекта в среде мелкозернистого бетона на грунт стенок буровой скважины. Генератор импульсных токов и высоковольтный разрядник являются единой конструкцией. При этом ГИТ является накопителем электрической энергии, а разрядник разгружает эту энергию в виде электрогидравлического эффекта. Тем самым создается свая-ЭРТ с повышенными значениями несущей способности по грунту. ГИТ широко используется в геотехнической практике при новом строительстве и реконструкции. Являясь уникальным инструментом при устройстве свай-ЭРТ и цементации оснований генератор импульсных токов имеет широкое практическое значение в строительстве.
Технология защиты данных и важных файлов
Authors: Алиева А.Б.
Published: February 2024

В данной статье рассматриваем вопрос технологии защиты данных и важных файлов. Особое внимание уделено актуальной на современном этапе развития информационных технологий безопасности и защите данных.
Использование методов искусственного интеллекта в области медицинской диагностики
Authors: Байкулов Н.Р. , Кочкарова П.А.
Published: February 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы применения методов искусственного интеллекта в медицине и здравоохранении. Рассмотрены проблемы, которые усложняют диагностику заболеваний. Приведены примеры отечественного и зарубежного опыта применения искусственного интеллекта в области медицинской диагностики.
Обзор языков программирования для разработки телеграм-бота
Authors: Гочияева М.Д. , Батчаева М.Х.
Published: February 2024

Данная статья представляет обзор различных языков программирования, которые могут быть использованы для разработки телеграм-ботов. В статье описываются основные характеристики каждого языка, их преимущества и недостатки, а также области применения.
Комплексное исследование принципов применения реактивного программирования
Authors: Коновалов Г.Г.
Published: February 2024

Данная статья посвящена комплексному исследованию принципов и применения реактивного программирования – современной методологии разработки программного обеспечения, ориентированной на обработку асинхронных событий и потоков данных. Анализируется применение реактивного программирования в различных областях, таких как пользовательские интерфейсы, серверные системы и системы с высокой нагрузкой, рассматриваются архитектурные аспекты. Рассматривается комплекс проблем, с которыми сталкиваются разработчики при внедрении реактивного программирования.
React в мире мобильной разработки: преобразование ландшафта с помощью React Native
Authors: Мизаев М.М. , Сугаипов С-А.А. , Эдиев А.М.
Published: February 2024

В этой статье исследуется влияние React Native на кроссплатформенную мобильную разработку, особое внимание уделяется унифицированному кодированию и модульной архитектуре. В ней рассматривается эволюционирующая роль фреймворка в формировании будущих тенденций.
Способы вычисления потока векторного поля
Authors: Залукаева О.В.
Published: February 2024

Статья посвящена обзору методов вычисления потока векторного поля. Приведен пример вычисления потока для одного и того же поля и поверхности различными способами, даны подробные разъяснения и выкладки.
Выбор оптимального типа заглубленных конструкций
Authors: Соколов Н.С.
Published: February 2024

Надежность эксплуатации построенных зданий и сооружений зависит от рационально принятых типов фундаментов. Для случаев наличия в основании структурнонеустойчивых инженерно-геологических элементов (ИГЭ) к проектированию и строительству фундаментов предъявляются повышенные требования. Для оснований сложенных из просадочных грунтов естественного залегания основными ухудшающими показателями является коэффициент относительной просадочности ɛse и начальное просадочное давление Pse. Пренебрежение влиянием этих показателей в большинстве случаев приводит к ухудшению надежной эксплуатации возведенных объектов. В рассматриваемой статье приводится случай из геотехнической практики, когда благодаря своевременно обнаруженной ошибки неучѐта просадочных характеристик смогли избежать аварийной ситуации возводимого объекта.
Свая-эрт как заглубленная строительная конструкция
Authors: Соколов Н.С.
Published: February 2024

Буроинъекционная свая изготовленная по разрядно-импульсной технологии (свая-ЭРТ) обладает рядом конкурентных преимуществ по сравнению с буроинъекционными сваями изготавливаемыми по традиционным технологиям. Это:1) Повышенные значения прочности мелкозернистого бетона превышающие на 40-60 %. 2) Повышенные значения несущей способности по грунту в 1,5÷3,0 раза. 3) Повышенные значения несущей способности по прочности поперечного сечения в 1,5 раза и более. 4) Рост значений несущей способности, как по грунту, так и по телу во времени по сравнению с проектными значениями. Кроме того электрогидравлическая обработка мелкозер-нистого бетона повышает его водонепроницаемость.
A new armored dinosaur with double cheek horns from the early Late Cretaceous of southeastern China
Authors: Xing Lida , Niu Kecheng , Mallon Jordan , Miyashita Tetsuto
Published: February 2024

Ankylosaurines are the iconic armoured dinosaurs that characterize terrestrial vertebrate faunas in the Late Cretaceous of Asia and Laramidia (western North America). The earliest members of this clade are known from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Santonian) times of Asia, but little consensus has emerged as to how they are related to the anatomically derived and chronologically younger forms. In southeastern China, the Cretaceous red sand beds crop out across basins from Zhejiang to Guandong provinces. However, the horizons corresponding to the early Late Cretaceous stages remain poorly sampled. Here, we report the first definitive vertebrate skeleton ¾ let alone that of an armoured dinosaur ¾ from the Coniacian/Turonian Ganzhou Formation, Datai yinliangis gen. et sp. nov. Despite the immature ontogenetic status of the type materials, D. yingliangis can be diagnosed with autapomorphic traits in the cranial caputegulae (such as double horns on the quadratojugal) and extensive gular osteoderms. Morphologically, it is intermediate between the chronologically older ankylosaurids from Asia (e.g., Crichtonpelta and Jinyunpelta) and derived post-Cenomanian ankylosaurines (e.g., Pinacosaurus). Phylogenetic analyses broadly corroborate this assessment. The new taxon either falls in the grade of Asian ankylosaurines proximal to the lineages of derived forms or forms a sister lineage to Pinacosaurus. Based on these insights, Datai makes a significant addition to the early Late Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from southeastern China and highlights the future potential in this region for improved understanding of the origin and early evolution of ankylosaurines.
A Collect of Recommendations and Guidelines for Management and Treatment of Underlying Malignancies During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karimi-Zarchi Mojgan , Sayad Soheila , Vakili Mohammad , Shirinzadeh-Dastgiri Ahmad , Naseri Amirhossein , Antikchi Mohammad Hossein , Azizi Sepideh , Aghili Kazem , Neamatzadeh Hossein , Akbarian Elahe
Published: February 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the main challenges to public health systems worldwide now. Cancer patients are considered as a high risk group during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the evidence so far, cancer as underlying comorbidities might increase the risk of death in patients with COVID-19. Many cancer patients with increased risk of contracting COVID-19 than the general population regularly visit health facilities for treatment and disease surveillance. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has a profound impact on cancer care and treatment. Here, we attempted to summarize the current suggestions for handling of cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic. We carried out a integrative literature review using several online bibliographies. A total of 113 papers were accessed for the time frame between October 05 2020 and October 10 2020. After screening of titles and full-texts, 10 publications were selected in this study. In this work some recommendations and guidelines that would help for management and treatment of cancer for the purpose of address the challenges during COVID-19 pandemic were collected. We hope that this collection recommendations and guidelines assist health care providers in management of individuals with underlying malignancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells on K562 Leukemia Cell Line
Authors: Valandani Hajar Mardani , Khalilabadi Roohollah Mirzaee , Zahedi Amir Mohammad
Published: February 2024

Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generating considerable interest in terms of their ability. EVs defined themselves as a route for intercellular communication between the origin cells and the recipient ones by transferring information. This paper investigates the influence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived EVs on proliferation and apoptosis of the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line k562. Trypan blue staining was used to detect cell viability subsequently, metabolic activity was assessed by the MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression were evaluated using flowcytometric assay after treatment of k562 cell line with MNC derived EVs. Our results showed that MNC-EVs have no inhibitory effect on k562 cell growth and proliferation. Our data did not reveal any significant variations in the case of enhancing k562 cell line growth following treatment with MNC derived EVs. It seems tumour-derived extracellular vesicles support tumour cells growth by communicating with each other through their extracellular vesicles.
Evaluating the Serum Levels of CCL17, CCL22, and CCL28 Chemokines and the Gene Expression of α4β1 and α4β7 Integrins in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Rezaeianpour Razieh , Lotfi Ramin , Mortazavi Seyed Hamidreza , Karaji Ali Gorgin , Rezaiemanesh Alireza , Salari Farhad
Published: February 2024

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the nasal mucosa. Leukocytes recruitment to the inflammation sites is controlled by chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, plays an essential role in mucosal immunity and the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This study intended to evaluate the serum levels of RA, CCL17, CCL22, CCL28, and the mRNA expression levels of α4, β1, and β7 integrins in AR patients compared to healthy subjects. Peripheral blood was collected from 37 patients with AR and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Serum levels of RA, CCL17, CCL22, and CCL28 were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, and the mRNA expression levels for α4, β1, and β7 integrins were assessed using the quantitative real-time PCR method. Our results showed that the serum levels of CCL22 and CCL28 chemokines are significantly higher in the AR group compared to the healthy controls (P<0.01). However, the gene expression of the β1 integrin in the AR group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.001). Besides, there was a positive association between serum RA and CCL17 levels in patients (P<0.0001, r=0.6). In conclusion, increased serum levels of CCL22 and CCL28 chemokines, as well as decreased gene expression of β1 integrin in AR patients, may contribute to the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of AR.
Quantitative Electroencephalography in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Jasim Hamida S. , Hamdan Farqad B. , Shareef Hula R.
Published: February 2024

The goal of this study is to compare the brain connectivity patterns of autistic patients with those of children who are developing normally and analyzing quantitative electroencephalography in children with autism. The study included 50 children who were developing normally and 60 preschoolers who met the DSM-V criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Routine and quantitative electroencephalography were carried out on each subject, as well as a Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The electroencephalograms of 76.67% of autistic children were normal; 6.67% showed focal changes, and 16.67% showed generalized changes. While the alpha power in the central and temporal areas is significantly lower in autistic children, it is unchanged in the frontal and parieto-occipital regions. Children with autism have significantly higher absolute delta and theta band activity both globally and locally. It was shown that the total and regional absolute delta and theta power activity had a significant positive correlation with the disease severity score. Quantitative electroencephalography is a more effective tool for assessing and diagnosing children with autism spectrum disorder because it shows abnormalities in all autistic children. A correlation exists between the quantitative electroencephalography data and the disease severity score.
Association of Diabetic Retinopathy and Sleep Quality
Authors: Panahi Nour Mohammad , Khosravi Hamidreza , Hosseini Seyed Reza , Bijani Ali , Roustaei Gholam Abbas , Ghasemi Mehrnoosh , Mekaniki Ebrahim , Ghadimi Reza , Rasoulinejad Seyed Ahmad
Published: February 2024

Sleep disorders are more common in diabetes mellitus (DM) cases rather than normal ones. In addition, this condition could be associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) development with more inflammatory indices in circulation. In the present study, we have evaluated the association between DR and sleep quality. This cross-sectional study is a part of the second phase of the study of the elderly cohort of Amirkola City, which was conducted in 2015-2016 on all people aged 60 and higher. Of all diabetic cases, 44 cases had retinopathy and were selected as the case group. To compare two control groups, 135 diabetic patients without retinopathy and 135 people without diabetes were randomly selected. The presence and type of retinopathy were determined based on an eye physical examination by an ophthalmologist. In addition, sleep quality was evaluated based on the Pittsburgh Questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test, and linear regression tests. In the present study, there was a significant difference in the score of the Pittsburgh questionnaire between people with DR (45.5±68.2) compared to diabetic people without retinopathy (76.5±48.2) and people without diabetes (95.4±36.2) (P=0.470), but diabetic people without retinopathy had significantly worse sleep quality than people without diabetes (P=0.019). Also, sleep quality in women with DR was worse than in men (P=014). In the linear regression analysis, it was observed that age, gender, diabetes, and history of depression significantly affect the sleep quality of the evaluated cases (P<0.05 for all). According to the results of the present study, DR does not negatively influence the quality of sleep, and DR is not related to sleep disorders.
Spontaneous Heterotopic Pregnancy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Behforouz Athena , Abbasi Hajar
Published: February 2024

Heterotopic pregnancy, a rare form of pregnancy, can occur Simultaneously intrauterine and extrauterine. This can be a life-threatening condition and can be easily overlooked if undiagnosed. The patient was a 27-year-old woman, gravid3, para1, live1 and abortion1, at 10 weeks and 1 day by last menstrual period who went to the emergency room complaining of pain in the lower abdomen form 3 days ago. Pelvic ultrasound revealed both live intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy by gestational age based on the Crown-rump length diameter, 9 weeks and 3 days with moderate to severe hemoperitoneum. The heterotopic pregnancy diagnosis is difficult and requires a high index of suspicion.
Wrist Drop: Acute Ischemic Stroke or Radial Nerve Palsy or Both
Authors: Marčić Barbara , Marčić Ljiljana , Marčić Marino
Published: February 2024

Stroke has many different symptoms, isolated hand weakness is the rarest one. Even less common are concomitant radial nerve lesions and ischemic stroke that leads to isolated hand weakness. We report a patient with sudden onset of right wrist drop mimicking radial nerve palsy, found to be due to a acute cerebral infarct and radial nerve palsy in the same time. A well-taken history of the patient's illness and thorough clinical examination can differentiate stroke from peripheral neuropathy as the cause of hand weakness. Modern neuroradiological methods such as brain MSCT or MRI can quickly and reliably indicate the etiology of a neurological disease. In every patient who presents with isolated arm weakness, and for whom we are not sure whether it is a lesion of the central or peripheral nervous system, cerebral infarction must be included as a critical differential diagnosis because it can divert attention from sometimes harmful thrombolytic therapy.
Mass Gatherings and Health Care System
Authors: Dargahi Hossein , Fard Akram Ezzati
Published: February 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
The Association between Cholesterol Ratio and Viral load Among HIV individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy at a Tertiary Hospital in Zambia
Authors: Nyirenda Christopher , Kunda Phinehas K. , Chinkoyo Sebastian , Zulu Mabvuto , Gondwe Kennedy
Published: February 2024

Objective: To examine the association between cholesterol ratio and viral load among HIV positive individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (cART)
Design and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Ndola Teaching Hospital in Zambia, focusing on individuals with HIV who were receiving care at the outpatient department. Through an in-depth secondary analysis of an existing database, we explored the relationship between cholesterol ratio and viral load in HIV-positive individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy.
Using a quantitative-methods approach, we selected and processed data from the database to address our research question. The study records included patient subjects initiating and on cART within 12 months and were stratified into 3 groups namely: group A optimal normal (cholesterol ratio between 1 and 3.5), group B high normal (cholesterol ratio between 3.5 and 5) and group C, high cholesterol ratio (cholesterol ration above 5). STATA was used for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 174 participants were included in the study analysis, with 61% (107) being female and 39% (67) male. Lipid profiles fell within normal ranges for both genders. The median cholesterol ratio was [3.16 (2.93, 3.40)] and total cholesterol was [3.86 (3.02, 4.62)]. The median HDL-c concentration was higher in males [1.4 (1.21, 1.55)] than females [1.33(1.13, 1.51)].  The median viral load in females was [355; (20, 6770)] and in males, [254 (23, 2694)] with a p=0.84. The study identified an inverse relation between cholesterol ratio and viral load, but this association did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion: The study population predominantly exhibited normal cholesterol ratios, and although a potential inverse relationship with viral load was indicated, statistical significance was not established.
Memory
Authors: Trivedi Nripesh
Published: February 2024

Memory is about measurement. It begins at 0 and 1 and ends at the size of the memory. Other units of memory include number of bits [1] in a single unit of memory and memory size at a certain level (encapsulation [2] and abstraction [3]). The last measurement is memory size at all levels.
History and Legacy of Alan Turing for Computer Science
Authors: Morais da Silva Danilo , Da Costa Farias Robson , Cunha António , Salete Casagrande Lindamir , Antunes Peres Rita
Published: February 2024

Throughout history we encounter some personalities who think ahead of their time and, in many cases, are misunderstood or even wronged. However, they all have one thing in common: they are geniuses who find impressive solutions to complex problems. This article aims to carry out, through bibliographical research using qualitative data analysis methodology, a historical review of one of the important personalities who wrote his name in history and has great relevance in the development of modern computing: Alan Mathison Turing or how it is known: Alan Turing. Considered the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence, he made his great contribution to humanity by developing, in 1936, through an academic article, an automatic machine ("a-machine", which was later called the Turing), who could read and write different numbers and symbols. This article covers since his birth, covering his academic trajectory, understanding a little of his mentality and vision around machines and technological equipment, his partnerships and some interesting facts about his life. Thus, it can be understood that, even at that time, it was already possible to visualize the signs of the first computational logics and realize that machines have dynamics beyond human understanding, as they can also learn from humans and other machines and, best of all, Above all, transmit this knowledge with quality. Thus realizing the legacy and historical milestone that this British mathematician, computer scientist, philosopher and biologist left for the modern and contemporary world in which we live today.
Cross-ownership in the banking system in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Minh Trang , Trinh Minh Anh
Published: February 2024

The banking industry is an important component of the economy, contributing significantly to economic development and national growth. A sustainable and effective banking system will bring many benefits to the economy, minimizing disadvantages to society and the environment. The banking sector in Vietnam is currently undergoing comprehensive restructuring efforts aimed at enhancing operational efficiency and ensuring safety and sustainable development within the context of economic integration. While cross-ownership is deemed normal in economies reliant on credit, the situation in Vietnam is complicated by underdeveloped inspection and supervision activities. This raises concerns about the potential negative impacts of cross-ownership on the overall efficiency of the economy, with particular emphasis on its ramifications for the banking and financial sector. In this paper, we aim to explore the complex world of cross-ownership, taking a closer look at how it's influencing the global business scene and, more importantly, shaping the banking sector in Vietnam. Our focus is on unraveling the various aspects of cross-ownership, understanding its prevalence worldwide, and delving into the implications it holds
Tax Revenue and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Bi-Directional Approach
Authors: R. O. Adesanya , E. B. Anene , V. I. Bosah , O. E. Bankole , O. S. Ogundele
Published: February 2024

The study examined the bi-directional effect of tax revenue and economic growth in Nigeria from 2011 to 2022 by employing total tax revenue and nominal Gross Domestic Product at current price. Data was extracted from 2011 to 2022 quarterly reports published on the website of the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics and Federal Inland Revenue Service. Unit Root test using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test shows that at the first difference, the variables are stationary at 1%, 5%, and 10% level of significance while Engle and Granger co-integration test reveals significant evidence of a long-run relationship between the variables of the study’s models. Findings from Error Correction Model (ECM) estimation show that Total Tax Revenue has a positive and significant effect on Nominal Gross Domestic Product (t-stat 4.777; P-value 0.000) and Nominal Gross Domestic Product has a positive and significant effect on Total Tax Revenue (t-stat 5.552; P-value 0.000). The Granger Causality test revealed that there exists a positive and significant bi-directional effect between Total Tax Revenue and Nominal Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria. The study concludes that tax revenue has a positive and significant effect on economic growth and economic growth has a positive and significant effect on tax revenue. The study recommends that the government ensure continuous economic growth by providing human capital, security, employment, and foreign investment. This would increase the standard of living of citizens, increase tax payer’s income, and attract foreign investors who would pay tax on their income and properties.
Patulin removal in fruit-based products using probiotics and potential probiotics
Authors: Zoghi Alaleh
Published: February 2024

Patulin (PAT) is a prevalent mycotoxin frequently found in fruit and its derivatives, such as apple, pear, and juices. Despite worldwide attempts to diminish the levels of PAT at every stage of the fruit production process, its contamination rate remains high. This mycotoxin is worrisome due to its potential adverse impacts on human health. Eating PAT-contaminated fruit can lead to acute and chronic health issues. It is established, by the Joint FAO/WHO, a maximum tolerable daily intake for PAT at 0.4 µg/kg/day. Therefore, monitoring for PAT contamination is essential for the safe consumption of fruits and fruit-related products such as juices, purees, ciders, jams, marmalades, vinegar, and dried fruits. PAT has physiochemical properties that enable its survival in cold, hypoxic, acidic, or high-temperature conditions. Ideally, detoxification procedures should aim to reduce the level of toxins to safe levels whilst preserving the nutritional and palatable values of the treated commodity. There are several physical, chemical, and biological techniques available for PAT detoxification. However, while physical and chemical methods can remove PAT, they may also lower the nutrient quality and organoleptic properties of the food. Biological detoxification is an effective, environmentally friendly, easy, and cost-effective method, as established by existing research. It has proven efficacy in food safety research and regulatory compliance programs. Probiotics have been studied for their potential to reduce PAT in foods via different mechanisms (such as adsorption, degradation, and transformation), as well as all their health-beneficial effects. In this review, the reduction of PAT in fruit-based products using probiotics or potential probiotics is widely discussed.
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) growth response to prilled and super granule urea application
Authors:   Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Haque M. M. , Islam M. A. , Amin A. K. M. R. , Karim M. F.
Published: February 2024

Indiscriminate use of nitrogenous fertilizers not only causes soil degradation but also significantly increases production costs, thus sought the urgent call for judicial application of this fertilizer to sustain soil fertility, particularly in producing pulse crops as they also trap atmospheric nitrogen. This study was conducted at the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, to explore the best nitrogenous fertiliser (prilled and super granule urea) application rate fostering better growth and yield of mung bean. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was adopted with 16 treatments having three replications. Data on different growth contributing characteristics of mung bean were recorded, and statistical analysis was conducted to present the results. Findings of this study revealed significant variations in majority of the yield and yield contributing parameters of the mung bean influenced by the rate and methods of nitrogenous fertilizer application. The results demonstrated that application of prilled urea in furrows fostered the growth-related parameters of the mung bean crop such as the highest plant height (50.57 cm), the maximum number of leaves plant-1 (22.57), the maximum number of branches plant-1 (6.00) and the highest above ground dry matter plant-1 (12.08 g) which could enhance better yield as compared to any other treatments studied. However, application of urea super granule (USG) placement at 10 cm depth with a 40 cm distance exhibited the worst growth responses in regard to yield contributing parameters of mung bean.
Effect of different fertilizer levels on yield performance of black cumin in Brahmaputra and Jamuna floodplain soil of Bangladesh
Authors:   Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Roy S. , Islam M. A. , Rahman M. M. , Rahaman M. A. , Sarkar M. N.​
Published: February 2024

Although black cumin is an important spice and medical crop, the average yield is low in Bangladesh. The imbalance of fertilizer and local cultivar use are the major causes of the low yield of black cumin. Therefore, an attempt was made to develop and evaluate the performances of different fertilizer doses (in terms of crop productivity and economic performance) for improved varieties of black cumin in the farmers’ field at the Multi Location Testing site, Bhuapur, Tangail in 2017-18 and 2018-19. Treatment included Soil Test Based fertilizer dose - STB (106-32-30-12-2-1 kg NPKSZnB ha-1) as per Fertilizer Recommendation Guide, 2012, STB + 15% extra NPK (122-37-35-12-2-1 kg NPKSZnB ha-1), STB + 30% extra NPK (138-42-39-12-2-1 kg NPKSZnB ha-1) and Farmer’s practice (35-15-19 kg NPK ha-1) and two varieties of black cumin namely V1 = BARI Kalozira-1 and V2 = Local. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with six replications. Among the treatment combinations, the highest average seed yield (1.24 t ha-1) and gross margin (Tk. 130179 ha-1) along with BCR (2.74), were obtained from STB with BARI Kalozira-1. The lowest average seed yield (0.54 t ha-1) and gross margin (Tk. 24414 ha-1), along with BCR (1.38), was recorded from a local variety with farmer’s practiced fertilizer dose.
Evaluation of morphologically important traits of deep water rice from advanced backcross families
Authors:   Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Noor M. M. A. , Haque M. S. , Azad A. K. , Perves M. , Khanam S.
Published: February 2024

Local germplasm of deep water rice possesses low yield productivity. Our studies showed that grain yield in Laxmi Digha can be increased significantly through backcross program with the high yielding rice variety Binadhan-18. Advanced backcross progenies (Laxmi Digha x Binadhan-18) exhibited higher values for most of the yield and yield-related traits analyzed in comparison with the parent. Number of tillers plant-1 and filled grains panicles-1 are positively correlated to yield and those resulted in higher grain yield in backcross families. In S103, S104, S105, S106 and S111 families, yield increase ranges from 52.97 to 84.1% when compared to Laxmi Digha parent. Five families, viz., S103, S104, S105, S106 and S111, were identified through yield increase analysis as most promising genotypes for cultivar development and processes variation in special characteristics viz. aerial root number and Knee capacity. The backcross families will be used to develop a deep water rice variety and efficient source of genetic diversity for future breeding programs.
Molecular engineering toward large pore-sized covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Li Xiao , Geng Keyu , Fu Shuai , Jin Enquan
Published: February 2024

In recent years, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as designable crystalline porous polymers have attracted widespread attention because of their tunable structures and functionalities. In particular, the unique characteristics of COFs, such as readily controllable pore size, high surface area, editable pore surface environment, and exceptional chemical stability, provide a structural basis for loading large-sized organic, inorganic, and biological molecules for hetero-catalysis, energy storage, and other applications. In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art strategies for the structural design and synthesis, properties, and functionalities of large pore size two-dimensional and three-dimensional COFs, spotlighting recent breakthrough achievements and remarkable progress to guide further efforts in this field.
Review of methods for estimating the prevalence of rare diseases
Authors: Venugopal Nisha , Naik Gitismita , Jayanna Krishnamurthy , Mohapatra Archisman , Sasinowski Frank J. , Kartha Reena V. , Rajasimha Harsha K.
Published: February 2024

One of the main challenges in rare diseases is the unavailability of reliable estimates of prevalence and incidence. The lack of epidemiological data makes planning for therapeutic and management options challenging. Methods for estimating the prevalence and incidence of rare and genetic diseases primarily rely on the availability of accurate national patient registries or databases of birth defects. This gap is wider in Low- and Middle-Income countries (LMICs) such as India, where currently, the estimates of prevalence and incidence are either unknown or data from developed countries have to be used as a proxy. Here, we analyzed the current methods used to estimate the prevalence and incidence of rare genetic diseases to provide recommendations in the form of a decision tree to select the most feasible method, particularly in resource-constrained environments such as India. We selected ten rare diseases of shared importance to the Indo US Organization for Rare Diseases (IndoUSrare) and its Patients Alliance members for analysis. Our analysis suggests that retrospective study designs are the most commonly used method to estimate the prevalence and incidence of rare diseases. We propose a generalized decision tree or flowchart to aid epidemiology researchers during the selection of methods for estimating the prevalence and incidence of a rare or genetic disease.
Assessing economic effects of foreign aid and capital flows on real economic growth
Authors: Nhlangwini Pamela , Mmakola Sharon Dipolelo , Mogashwa Phillip Tumelo , Tleane Kotikoti Lebogang Ivan
Published: February 2024

The study sought to investigate the effect of foreign aid and capital flow on real economic growth for the SADC region. Eleven member states of the SADC region are selected for analysis based on data availability. In the study, foreign aid is represented by official development assistance (ODA), external debt (EXTD), and debt service cost (DSC) while the inflow of foreign direct investment represents capital flow (FDI). Annual percentage growth of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDPpc) is used as a proxy of real economic growth. Trade balance (TRO) is included in the model regression as a control variable. The study employed panel econometric models.  The results of panel ARDL indicate that ODA and FDI were found to have a negligible effect on real growth in the short run but contribute positively and significantly in the long run. This revelation supports the view that ODA and FDI are essential determinants of growth. On the other hand, EXTD together with its associated costs was found to have a detrimental effect both in the short run and long run. Based on the results of the study, the authors put forward the following policy recommendations for the SADC region: most importantly, there ought to be effective management of external debt by SADC countries to reduce their overdependency on external debt for their domestic needs. Given the positive effect of FDI in the region, the SADC region needs to intensify its efforts in devising measures that will attract foreign investors to the region which among others include pursuing inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Lastly, there is a need for effective management and official development aid to ensure sustainable growth.
Creating sustainable public private partnerships through corporate governance in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
Authors: Chilunjika Alouis
Published: February 2024

Governments of Sub Saharan African (SSA) countries have struggled to successfully invest in capital intensive projects. As such, public private partnerships play a key role in redefining the role of Government in the context of infrastructure projects, by focusing on supervision and regulation and moving away from direct ownership and management. Sub Saharan African countries have seen such inclusive partnerships yielding some numerous benefits in different sectors. However, despite the salubrious benefits that PPPs have brought in different projects, PPPs in SSA countries are still dogged by a myriad of administrative, technical, financial and legal challenges. These corporate governance related challenges have made it difficult for these SSA governments to glean the full benefits of PPPs. The study is informed by the qualitative methodology with an extensive review of literature. Data was gathered from purposively selected written documents and these documents were analysed using thematic and content analysis techniques. The study established that there are some corporate governance deficiencies in most PPP projects in the SSA countries. Additionally, most of these public projects in the SSA lack adequate good corporate governance attention that is given to the PPP procedures and processes involved. The study therefore recommends that there is need for the full adoption of good corporate governance systems, practices, processes and procedures in the PPPs designing, financing, implementation and operationalisation in SSA.
The influences of psychological factors on investors decision making in the South African derivative market
Authors: Ige Bose Olatomi , Adebayo Rufus Olufemi
Published: February 2024

Studies in behavioral finance have shown that human behavior often diverges from the rationality assumed by economists, as their decisions can occasionally be swayed by their emotional and psychological states. Given this concern, the study examines psychological factors influencing individual decision-making in the South African financial market. A structured questionnaire was used in collecting data from 414 participants who are individual investors actively involved in trading in the Johannesburg stock exchange market with the application of the random sampling method. The main objective of this study is to explore the psychological variables or biases that determine the investment decision-making of individual investors. Furthermore, this paper investigates psychological factors such as Anchoring, Herding, Overconfidence and Representative biases in investment decision-making. Findings revealed that all the variables, overconfidence, herding, anchoring and representative heuristics have a relationship with each other but the only variable that influences the individual investment decision is the representative heuristic while less consideration is given to another variable. The results of this study would help financial advisors understand the high importance of psychological factors and help them integrate behavioral insights into investment strategies. This will in turn help them provide better services to their clients. It will also help individual investors to acknowledge and understand the psychological factors influencing investment decisions and how to take note of them to make better decisions. Policymakers can consider the implications of psychological biases on market stability.
The dark side of law enforcement: A dispositional-situational analysis of workplace bullying
Authors: Makgopa Mokwape Jane , Munyeka Wiza
Published: February 2024

This study explores the complex interplay of dispositional and situational factors in the context of workplace bullying among police officers in South Africa, with relevance to the broader understanding of bullying behavior. Both dispositional and situational factors have been recognized as significant contributors to workplace stress and demands, particularly evident during challenging times such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Even professions known for their demanding work environments, such as law enforcement, have not been immune to these pressures. The research conducted a quantitative analysis, surveying 208 employees of the South African Police Services. The study incorporated self-administered questionnaires, employing statistical methods like correlation, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. This multifaceted approach assessed the relationships between workplace bullying, situational factors, dispositional factors, and demographics (including gender, age, qualifications, and years of service). The study’s findings highlighted a substantial and positive link between dispositional characteristics and workplace bullying, similarly, noting a favorable association between situational conditions and bullying. Consequently, the research underscores the importance of considering both dispositional and situational factors in comprehending workplace bullying among police officers. This South African study offers valuable insights by bridging a significant knowledge gap on workplace bullying among law enforcement personnel. It emphasizes the relevance of examining the interplay between dispositional and situational factors in understanding and addressing workplace bullying in diverse contexts.
Uptake of Internet of Things by SMEs in digital era in emerging economies: A systematic literature review
Authors: Muridzi Gibson
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to establish the uptake of Internet of Things (IoT) by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the digital era in emerging economies. This study aims to 1) determine adoption of IoT by SMEs during digital era in emerging economies, 2) establish challenges faced by SMEs in implementing IoT in emerging economies, and 3) develop a framework for digital transformation for SMEs in digital era in emerging economies. Systematic literature review approach was used. Articles from Scopus database ranging from 2018 to 2023 was used. 57 articles were shortlisted out of 153 articles. PRISMA framework was therefore used to perform systematic review analysis. Results demonstrate that in emerging economies, SMEs do not or are slowly adopting IoT concepts, making them less competitive. The results also determine that although IoT has great promise in SMEs, the key constraint is a lack of strategic implementation frameworks for its deployment and widespread adoption. This study was therefore carried out to develop a framework that supports digital transformation for SMEs in the digital era for emerging economies. Results have significant managerial and practical implications as they offer some insights to SME managers on how they can improve on the uptake and adoption of internet of things in digital era.