bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approach to the Patient With Short Stature: Genetic Testing
Authors: Perchard Reena , Murray Philip George , Clayton Peter Ellis
Published: November 2022

The first step in the evaluation of the short child is to decide whether growth parameters in the context of the history are abnormal or a variant of normal. If growth is considered abnormal, system and hormonal tests are likely to be required, followed by more directed testing, such as skeletal survey and/or genetic screening with karyotype or microarray. In a small percentage of short children in whom a diagnosis has not been reached, this will need to be followed by detailed genetic analysis; currently, exome sequencing using targeted panels relevant to the phenotype is the commonly used test. Clinical scenarios are presented that illustrate how such genetic testing can be used to establish a molecular diagnosis, and how that diagnosis contributes to the management of the short child. New genetic causes for short stature are being recognized on a frequent basis, while the clinical spectrum for known genes is being extended. We recommend that an international repository for short stature conditions is established for new findings to aid dissemination of knowledge, but also to help in the definition of the clinical spectrum both for new and established conditions.
ACROBAT Edge: Safety and Efficacy of Switching Injected SRLs to Oral Paltusotine in Patients With Acromegaly
Authors: Gadelha Monica R , Gordon Murray B , Doknic Mirjana , Mezősi Emese , Tóth Miklós , Randeva Harpal , Marmon Tonya , Jochelson Theresa , Luo Rosa , Monahan Michael , Madan Ajay , Ferrara-Cook Christine , Struthers R Scott , Krasner Alan
Published: November 2022

Context

Paltusotine is a once-daily, oral, nonpeptide small-molecule somatostatin receptor type 2 (SST2) agonist in clinical development for treatment of acromegaly.

Objective

This work aimed to evaluate change in insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in patients switched from octreotide long-acting release or lanreotide depot monotherapy to paltusotine.

Methods

A phase 2, open-label, prospective, multicenter, multinational, nonrandomized, single-arm exploratory study was conducted in which dosage uptitrations were performed in a double-blinded manner. At 26 global sites, patients with acromegaly switched to paltusotine from injected somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL)-based therapy. Patients received 13-week treatment with once-daily oral paltusotine (10-40 mg/d). The primary end point was change from baseline to week 13 in IGF-I for patients who switched from long-acting octreotide or lanreotide depot monotherapy to paltusotine (group 1). All patients underwent a 4-week paltusotine washout at end of treatment period (wk 13-17). IGF-I, growth hormone (GH), patient-reported outcome, and safety data were collected.

Results

Forty-seven patients enrolled. In group 1 (n = 25), IGF-I and GH showed no significant change between SRL baseline and end of paltusotine treatment at week 13 (median change in IGF-I = −0.03×upper limit of normal [ULN]; P = .6285; GH = −0.05 ng/mL; P = .6285). IGF-I and GH rose significantly in the 4 weeks after withdrawing paltusotine (median change in IGF-I = 0.55×ULN; P < .0001 [median increase 39%]; GH = 0.72 ng/mL; P < .0001 [109.1% increase]). No patients discontinued because of adverse events (AE); no treatment-related serious AEs were reported.

Conclusion

These results suggest once-daily oral paltusotine was effective in maintaining IGF-I values in patients with acromegaly who switched from injected SRLs. Paltusotine was well tolerated with a safety profile consistent with other SRLs.
Discoidin domain receptor regulates ensheathment, survival and caliber of peripheral axons
Authors: Corty Megan M. , Hulegaard Alexandria L. , Hill Jo Q. , Sheehan Amy E. , Aicher Sue A. , Freeman Marc R.
Published: November 2022

Most invertebrate axons and small-caliber axons in mammalian peripheral nerves are unmyelinated but still ensheathed by glia. Here, we use Drosophila wrapping glia to study the development and function of non-myelinating axon ensheathment, which is poorly understood. Selective ablation of these glia from peripheral nerves severely impaired larval locomotor behavior. In an in vivo RNA interference screen to identify glial genes required for axon ensheathment, we identified the conserved receptor tyrosine kinase Discoidin domain receptor (Ddr). In larval peripheral nerves, loss of Ddr resulted in severely reduced ensheathment of axons and reduced axon caliber, and we found a strong dominant genetic interaction between Ddr and the type XV/XVIII collagen Multiplexin (Mp), suggesting that Ddr functions as a collagen receptor to drive axon wrapping. In adult nerves, loss of Ddr decreased long-term survival of sensory neurons and significantly reduced axon caliber without overtly affecting ensheathment. Our data establish essential roles for non-myelinating glia in nerve development, maintenance and function, and identify Ddr as a key regulator of axon–glia interactions during ensheathment and establishment of axon caliber.
A new CUT&RUN low volume-urea (LoV-U) protocol optimized for transcriptional co-factors uncovers Wnt/β-catenin tissue-specific genomic targets
Authors: Zambanini Gianluca , Nordin Anna , Jonasson Mattias , Pagella Pierfrancesco , Cantù Claudio
Published: November 2022

Upon WNT/β-catenin pathway activation, stabilized β-catenin travels to the nucleus where it associates with the TCF/LEF transcription factors, constitutively bound to genomic Wnt-responsive elements (WREs), to activate target gene transcription. Discovering the binding profile of β-catenin is therefore required to unambiguously assign direct targets of WNT signaling. Cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) has emerged as prime technique for mapping the binding profile of DNA-interacting proteins. Here, we present a modified version of CUT&RUN, named LoV-U (low volume and urea), that enables the robust and reproducible generation of β-catenin binding profiles, uncovering direct WNT/β-catenin target genes in human cells, as well as in cells isolated from developing mouse tissues. CUT&RUN-LoV-U outperforms original CUT&RUN when targeting co-factors that do not bind the DNA, can profile all classes of chromatin regulators and is well suited for simultaneous processing of several samples. We believe that the application of our protocol will allow the detection of the complex system of tissue-specific WNT/β-catenin target genes, together with other non-DNA-binding transcriptional regulators that act downstream of ontogenetically fundamental signaling cascades.
Xanthohumol improves cognition in farnesoid X receptor-deficient mice on a high-fat diet
Authors: Kundu Payel , Paraiso Ines L. , Choi Jaewoo , Miranda Cristobal L. , Kioussi Chrissa , Maier Claudia S. , Bobe Gerd , Stevens Jan F. , Raber Jacob
Published: November 2022

Xanthohumol (XN) improves cognition of wild-type rodents on a high-fat diet (HFD). Bile acids and ceramide levels in the liver and hippocampus might be linked to these effects. XN modulates activity of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR; also known as NR1H4), the primary receptor for bile acids. To determine the role of FXR in the liver and intestine in mediating the effects of XN on cognitive performance, mice with intestine- and liver-specific FXR ablation (FXRIntestine−/− and FXRLiver−/−, respectively) on an HFD or an HFD containing XN were cognitively tested. XN improved cognitive performance in a genotype- and sex-dependent manner, with improved task learning in females (specifically wild-type), reversal learning in males (specifically wild-type and FXRIntestine−/− mutant) and spatial learning (both sexes). XN increased hippocampal diacylglycerol and sphingomyelin levels in females but decreased them in males. XN increased the ratio of shorter-chain to longer-chain ceramides and hexaceramides. Higher diacylglycerol and lower longer-chain ceramide and hexaceramide levels were linked to improved cognitive performance. Thus, the beneficial sex-dependent cognitive effects of XN are linked to changes in hippocampal diacylglycerol and ceramide levels.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The role of carbonic anhydrase-mediated tissue oxygen extraction in a marine teleost acclimated to hypoxia
Authors: Dichiera Angelina M. , Negrete, Jr Benjamin , Ackerly Kerri Lynn , Esbaugh Andrew J.
Published: November 2022

With the growing prevalence of hypoxia (O2 levels ≤2 mg l−1) in aquatic and marine ecosystems, there is increasing interest in the adaptive mechanisms fish may employ to better their performance in stressful environments. Here, we investigated the contribution of a proposed strategy for enhancing tissue O2 extraction – plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase (CA-IV) – under hypoxia in a species of estuarine fish (red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus) that thrives in fluctuating habitats. We predicted that hypoxia-acclimated fish would increase the prevalence of CA-IV in aerobically demanding tissues to confer more efficient tissue O2 extraction. Furthermore, we predicted the phenotypic changes to tissue O2 extraction that occur with hypoxia acclimation may improve respiratory and swim performance under 100% O2 conditions (i.e. normoxia) when compared with performance in fish that have not been acclimated to hypoxia. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in relative CA-IV mRNA expression, protein abundance or enzyme activity between the two treatments, suggesting CA-IV function is maintained under hypoxia. Likewise, respiratory performance of hypoxia-acclimated fish was similar to that of control fish when tested in normoxia. Critical swim speed (Ucrit) was significantly higher in hypoxia-acclimated fish but translated to marginal ecological benefits with an increase of ∼0.3 body lengths per second. Instead, hypoxia-acclimated fish may have relied more heavily on anaerobic metabolism during their swim trials, utilizing burst swimming 1.5 times longer than control fish. While the maintenance of CA-IV may still be an important contributor for hypoxia tolerance, our evidence suggests hypoxia-acclimated red drum are using other mechanisms to cope in an O2-depleted environment.
Who is it for? Art and social practice in a time of slow burn crisis
Authors: Vella Raphael , Pulè Margerita
Published: November 2022

The open principles of socially-engaged arts practice frequently come into conflict with ethical considerations despite positive intentions on the part of the artist or commissioning body. When confronted by crises in society, particularly challenges and forms of discrimination that tend to slip under the radar, artists and other stakeholders in the arts and education often engage with dilemmas related to power imbalances, responsibility, political agendas and artistic quality. These dilemmas are discussed through a handful of projects created in Malta as part of the artistic research project ‘Acting on the Margins: Arts as Social Sculpture’ (AMASS), and other arts-based community- and artist-led projects. The article discusses possible methodologies towards fully democratic, horizontal, and sustainable processes, and opens questions around agency and intent in participatory art practice.
Managing sample metadata for biodiversity: considerations from the Darwin Tree of Life project
Authors: Shaw Felix , Minotto Alice , McTaggart Seanna , Providence Aaliyah , Harrison Peter , Paupério Joana , Rajan Jeena , Burgin Josephine , Cochrane Guy , Kilias Estelle , Lawniczak Mara , Davey Robert
Published: November 2022

Large-scale reference genome sequencing projects for all of biodiversity are underway and common standards have been in place for some years to enable the understanding and sharing of sequence data. However, the metadata that describes the collection, processing and management of samples, and link to the associated sequencing and genome data, are not yet adequately developed and standardised for these projects. At the time of writing, the Darwin Tree of Life (DToL) Project is over two years into its ten-year ambition to sequence all described eukaryotic species in Britain and Ireland. We have sought consensus from a wide range of scientists across taxonomic domains to determine the minimal set of metadata that we collectively deem as critically important to accompany each sequenced specimen. These metadata are made available throughout the subsequent laboratory processes, and once collected, need to be adequately managed to fulfil the requirements of good data management practice.

Due to the size and scale of management required, software tools are needed. These tools need to implement rigorous development pathways and change management procedures to ensure that effective research data management of key project and sample metadata is maintained. Tracking of sample properties through the sequencing process is handled by Lab Information Management Systems (LIMS), so publication of the sequenced data is achieved via technical integration of LIMS and data management tools.

Discussions with community members on how metadata standards need to be managed within large-scale programmes is a priority in the planning process. Here we report on the standards we developed with respect to a robust and reusable mechanism of metadata collection, in the hopes that other projects forthcoming or underway will adopt these practices for metadata.
Unwanted pregnancy in Indonesia: prevalence and decision making
Authors: Ermiati Ermiati , Widiasih Restuning , Arifin Hidayat , Mediani Henny Suzana
Published: November 2022

Background/Aims

Young women in Indonesia who experience an unwanted pregnancy may not have the necessary support to make an informed decision about whether to continue with or terminate the pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine factors that influence the decision to terminate or continue with an unwanted pregnancy among women aged 15–24 years old in Indonesia.

Methods

Data from the 2017 Indonesian demographic and health survey were used. These data included 9218 women aged 15–24 years from eight regions in Indonesia. Chi-squared tests and binary and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyse the data.

Results

Almost 20% of women in Indonesia decided to terminate an unwanted pregnancy, and 25% experienced physical partner violence. Respondents who lived in Sulawesi, had primary education, lived in a rural area or had experienced physical partner violence were more likely terminate an unwanted pregnancy. Respondents who had a higher economic status were less likely terminate.

Conclusions

The decision to terminate a pregnancy may be more likely to be made by women under certain circumstances. Programmes for pregnant women involving counselling should be initiated via cross-collaboration with government, parents and healthcare workers, to provide support for decision making in the case of an unwanted pregnancy.
The impact of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of primary motor cortex on motor learning in older adults with low levels of activity
Authors: Abedi Razieh , Talimkhani Ailin , Mohammadzadeh Zahra , Daryabor Aliyeh , Naimi Sedigheh Sadat
Published: November 2022

Background/aims

Older adults with different physical activity levels have often demonstrated individual differences in motor performance and learning. Serial reaction time task training and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex were used in this study to evaluate how these interventions affected motor learning in older adults with low activity levels.

Methods

In this randomised controlled trial, 28 healthy, right-handed, older adults with low activity levels, with a mean age of 69.92 years, were randomly allocated to an anodal transcranial direct current stimulation group (n=14) or sham transcranial direct current stimulation group (n=14), based on a simple non-probability sampling method. The experimental group was exposed to 20 minutes of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex, using a tDCS device, alongside eight sequenced or randomised blocks of serial reaction time task activities, for 5 consecutive days. In the control group, the tDCS device was automatically switched off after 1 minute. To assess implicit motor learning, the response time and error rate of two sequenced blocks of serial reaction time task activities were collected before, immediately following, 1 day and 1 week after the completion of the intervention.

Results

Immediately following the end of the intervention, at day 5, the mean response time and error rate were 925.09 and 2.55 in the experimental group, and 1016.52 and 4.10 in the control group. At 1 day after the completion of the intervention, the mean response time and error rates were 927.40 and 3.03 in the experimental group and 1021.91 and 4.34 in the control group. At 1 week after the completion of the intervention, the mean response time and error rates were 942.26 and 3.63 in the experimental group and 1050.08 and 5.11 in the control group. These findings indicate that response time and error rate were significantly decreased in both stimulation groups at different time points (P<0.001). At the same time, there were no significant differences in the response time and error rate between the two groups at different time points: immediately (P=0.07, P=0.31), 1 day (P=0.06, P=0.41) and 1 week (P=0.04, P=0.35) after the completion of the intervention respectively.

Conclusions

Serial reaction time task training, with or without applying anodal transcranial direct current stimulation, can improve motor learning in low-activity older adults. Therefore, it appears that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation did not affect or improve motor learning in older adults with low motor activity. Motor learning training can be used alone as a practical and helpful intervention to improve performance and implicit motor skill learning with long-lasting effects in older adults with low levels of activity.
Kaposi Sarcoma With Bilateral Chylothorax Responsive to Octreotide
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Fresno, CA, USA, Iqbal Humzah
Published: November 2022

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a soft tissue malignancy of the endothelial cells that can rarely invade the thoracic duct and cause bilateral chylothorax. Treatment for chylothorax includes drainage and dietary modification. However, octreotide has been reported to improve chylothorax in some pediatric and post-operative cases. We present a case in which a 9-day course of octreotide led to an improvement of non-traumatic malignant chylothorax.
Disruptions and opportunities in sexual and reproductive health care: How COVID‐19 impacted service provision in three US states
Authors: VandeVusse Alicia , Castillo Philicia W. , Kirstein Marielle , Mueller Jennifer , Kavanaugh Megan
Published: November 2022

Context

The COVID‐19 pandemic abruptly disrupted the provision of sexual and reproductive health care in the United States.

Methods

We conducted interviews with family planning clinic staff at 55 health care facilities in Arizona, Iowa, and Wisconsin in late 2020 and early 2021. We asked respondents about the challenges they faced and ways they adapted their service provision as a result of the pandemic. We conducted content and thematic analyses of the interview transcripts using an inductively developed qualitative coding scheme.

Results

Family planning clinics and providers made a variety of changes to their clinic operations and service delivery. The three major areas of change for these facilities were implementation of COVID‐19 safety procedures, shifting service delivery and staffing to meet patient needs, and the rapid uptake and expansion of telehealth.

Conclusion

While providers faced many challenges, they also described opportunities to innovate and rethink standard of care protocols that may continue to shape sexual and reproductive health care even after the pandemic abates.
Multifunctional graphene-based optoelectronic structure based on a Fabry–Perot cavity enhanced by a metallic nanoantenna
Authors: Jafari Behnam , Gholizadeh Elnaz
Published: November 2022

Optical communications systems
are continuously miniaturized to integrate several previously separate
optoelectronic devices, organized with silicon-based incorporated
circuits, onto a distinct substrate. Modulators and photodetectors
have essential roles in photonic systems and operate with different
mechanisms. Integrating them into one device is complex and
challenging, but these multifunctional devices have numerous
advantages. This article uses a graphene/hBN-based structure to
modulate, detect, and absorb any signal with the desired frequency in
the THz range. The proposed system comprises one unpatterned graphene
sheet embedded in bulk hBN with the periodic gold/palladium
nanostructure beneath and below it. The perfect absorption, a
modulation depth of 100%, and photodetection of more than
20 A/W at any desired frequency can be verified.
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Applied to Electric Machine Monitoring
Authors: da Silva Jean Carlos Cardozo , Martelli Cicero , Dreyer Uilian J. , de M. Sousa Kleiton , Bazzo João P. , de Pelegrin Jesse , Linessio Rafael P. , Kuhn Gustavo G. , da Silva Erlon V.
Published: November 2022

The use of optical fiber sensors to monitor electric machines is reviewed. A specific application of a new multiparametric transducer to measure dynamic strain and temperature directly in the stator core of an induction motor is presented.
FBG Applications in 25um Diameter Fibers
Authors: Claesson Åsa , Franciscangelis Carolina , Pereira Joao , Weldehawariat Tedros , Tow Kenny Hey
Published: November 2022

Ultrathin 25µm optical fibers with FBG sensors are manufactured and used as vibration sensors in glass-fiber reinforced composites. The use of ultrathin fibers is discussed, and their manufacture is described.
A Simple Method to Measure the Group Delay of Chirped Fiber Gratings in Polarization-Maintaining Fiber
Authors: Fraņois Ouellette , Yao Fei , Wang Jie , Li Jianfeng
Published: November 2022

The group delay dispersion of chirped fiber Bragg gratings written in polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber is measured by launching light in both polarization states and measuring the reflected light through a fiber polarizer.
Holographically fabricated blazed chirped gratings for out-of-plane integrated beam focusing
Authors: Ahmed Q. Salman , Field James W. , Gow Paul C. , Holmes Christopher , Ko Dong-Woo , Horak Peter , Gawith Corin B.E. , Smith Peter G.R. , Gates James C.
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate out-of-plane coupling of large (millimeter scale) and small (focusing) beams using holographically fabricated blazed-chirped gratings in doped silica. The 45° blaze angle was achieved via a prism coupling mechanism.
Femtosecond direct-writing of first order fiber Bragg gratings with arbitrary complex apodization
Authors: Roberge Anthony , Loranger Sébastien , Boisvert Jean-Sébastien , Monet Frédéric , Kashyap Raman
Published: November 2022

We present a FBG fabrication process using a multi-pulse femtosecond direct-writing scheme, preceded by a fiber core mapping through weak probe grating. Arbitrary apodization is written with high spatial resolution of only a few periods.
Dual-process Bragg Grating Inscription in Bulk Fused Silica through Combination of IR Femtosecond and Continuous Wave UV Laser Direct Writing
Authors: Zahertar Shahrzad , Lee Timothy , Bannerman Rex H. S. , Gates James C. , Holmes Christopher , Beresna Martynas
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate femtosecond laser induced photosensitivity allowing to perform direct UV laser writing in pure fused silica, offering new 3D design freedoms.
Large-area fiber Bragg gratings acting as pump reflectors and pump wavelength stabilizers
Authors: Talbot Lauris , Pelletier-Ouellet Samantha , Trépanier François , Bernier Martin
Published: November 2022

We report on the femtosecond inscription of multimode Bragg gratings inside large-core fibers and fibers' cladding. They are used as residual pump reflectors for cladding-pumped fiber lasers and as spectral stabilizers for high-power laser diodes.
Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Gratings via Localized Femtosecond Photo-Treatment
Authors: Goebel Thorsten A. , Schmittner Christian P. , Lin Zhiqiang , Krämer Ria G. , Siems Malte P. , Imogore Timothy O. , Richter Daniel , Nolte S.
Published: November 2022

We present the realization of phase-shifted FBGs via post-processing using ultrashort laser pulses. Herein, we study the influence of the initial FBG parameters in combination with different extensions of the post-processed region onto the spectrum.
Extreme time-multiplexing of optical data packets through ultrafast temporal focusing
Authors: Berti Nicolas , Coen Stéphane , Erkintalo Miro , Fatome Julien
Published: November 2022

A temporal focusing technique capable of compressing arbitrary optical waveforms by several orders of magnitude is demonstrated. We present a proof-of-concept by shrinking and interleaving a 10-Mbit/s data packet into 10-Gbit/s sequences.
Laser cooling of a novel GAYY glass at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Thomas Jyothis , Meyneng Thomas , Gregoroire Nicolas , Monet Frederic , Tehranchi Amirhossein , Seletskiy Denis , Messaddeq Younès , Kashyap Raman
Published: November 2022

Solid-state laser cooling in a novel highly ytterbium doped silica glass is demonstrated for the first time. Temperature change of -0.5 K from room temperature is observed with 7 W of 1030 nm pump.
Size-Robust Multiscale FEM for Light Propagation Through Realistic Photonic Crystals
Authors: Kozon Marek , Corbijn van Willenswaard Lars J. , Schlottbom Matthias , Vos Willem L. , van der Vegt Jaap J. W.
Published: November 2022

We propose a size-robust multiscale FEM to compute electromagnetic propagation through locally periodic media. Our multiscale finite elements exploit the local periodicity to alleviate the computational complexity of the problem.
Sensor Fusion in Ptychography
Authors: Maathuis Kira , Seifert Jacob , Mosk Allard P.
Published: November 2022

We present a ptychography method to fuse data from two image sensors capturing different parts of the diffraction patterns and thereby extending the numerical aperture.
Large Modulational Instability Gain in Random Dispersion-Managed Fibers
Authors: Armaroli Andrea , Kudlinski Alexandre , Mussot Arnaud , Conforti Matteo , Dujardin Guillaume , De Bièvre Stephan
Published: November 2022

We study modulational instability in fibers where group velocity dispersion alternates between two different signs over random lengths. We apply both semi-analytical and numerical calculations to estimate predict large instability gains.
Conditions for Optical Bistability in Silicon Microring Resonators with Thermo-optic Effect
Authors: He Menglong , Catuneanu Mircea , Hamerly Ryan , Jamshidi Kambiz
Published: November 2022

The conditions to achieve bistability for active silicon ring resonators including thermal nonlinearity are investigated. We show that by including the thermal nonlinearity, the power threshold to achieve bistability is reduced.
WS2 indirect bandgap semiconductor laser operating at room-temperature under continuous-wave excitation
Authors: Sung Junghyun , Gong Su-Hyun
Published: November 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenides multilayer is indirect band material. We observe that a WS2 disk supports whispering gallery modes in a spectral range of 700 ~ 900 nm and exhibits lasing action.
Experimental spectral resolution investigation in stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Ranjan Rajeev , Ferrara Maria Antonietta , Schiattarella Chiara , Costa Giovanni , Sirleto Luigi
Published: November 2022

In this paper, in order to determine spectral resolution in femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering microscopy, i.e. the ability to distinguish closely lying resonances, a cross-correlation investigation of Ti:Sa and OPO lasers is experimentally carried out.
Two-Photon Polymerization based fabrication of SERS substrates for biosensing applications
Authors: Chalyan Tatevik , Liu Qing , Feizpour Mehdi , Thienpont Hugo , Ottevaere Heidi
Published: November 2022

We present the design and fabrication of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy substrates based on two-photon polymerization of photoresist with direct laser writing. Moreover, experimental validation and enhancement factor values are demonstrated for biosensing applications.
Analyzing random design imperfection in hollow-core anti-resonant fibers
Authors: Petry Michael , Habib Md. Selim
Published: November 2022

Fabricating hollow-core anti-resonant fibers (HC-ARFs) introduces imperfections to the geometry, significantly influencing loss and transmission-bandwidth. Here, for the first time, we investigate random geometry imperfections on the loss and guiding performance of 5-tube nested HC-ARFs.
Differences in Spectral Reflectance Functions of Natural and Artificial Surfaces
Authors: Durmus Dorukalp
Published: November 2022

Spectral reflectance functions has visual and non-imaging forming impacts on occupants. Analyses of a reflectance database indicate a significant difference between natural and artificial surfaces, while color samples were not significantly different than human-made objects.
Silicon Rib-waveguide based On-chip Optical Attenuator
Authors: Uddin M. Rakib , Wallner Jin , Dikshit Amit , Timalsina Yukta , Khatijah S. , Fahrenkopf Nicholas M. , Harame David L.
Published: November 2022

A 30-µm length silicon rib-waveguide based on-chip optical attenuator is fabricated and experimentally demonstrated. For a wide range of wavelengths (1490-1590nm), the attenuator offers around 2.6 dB of attenuation at 1.5V.
Performance of Directly Modulated Laser for 50Gbit/s High Speed Passive Optical Networks with MLSE Equalization
Authors: Genay Naveena , Pincemin Erwan , Sampaio Flavio Andre Nogueira , Bourgart Fabrice
Published: November 2022

We evaluate numerically the performance of DML transceivers for 50Gbit/s HS-PONs. We show that MLSE equalizer enables 20km optical fiber reach at a pre-FEC BER limit of 10-2 in both downstream and upstream.
Nonlinear refractive index and multiphoton absorption measurements of wide bandgap semiconductors materials by femtosecond z-scan method
Authors: Karatodorov Stefan , Shehadi Mariam , Stoychev Lyubomir , Yankov Georgi , Tsankov Docho , Shivachev Boris , Petrov Todor
Published: November 2022

We studied the nonlinear properties of some of the most promising nonlinear media for microelectronic applications - AlN and GaN. The nonlinear refractive index n2 and the multiphoton absorption ß of the media are measured by femtosecond z-scan method with virtual aperture.
Design and Characteristics of Optimized Quaternary Layer Between Last Quantum Barrier and Electron Blocking Layer in Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode
Authors: Rasheed Saad , Usman Muhammad , Ali Shazma
Published: November 2022

In this research, we sandwich the aluminum indium gallium nitride (AlInGaN) layer between the final quantum barrier (LQB) and electron blocking layer (EBL) to increase the optoelectronic properties of AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Butterfly Wings as an Optomechanical Array for Imaging
Authors: Skenderović Hrvoje
Published: November 2022

In this work we demonstrate multispectral imaging based on a butterfly wing as a photosensitive screen, all-optical readout by holography and numerical reconstruction of images in real-time by embedded stand-alone platform.
Fast Continuous 2π Phase Modulation using Defect-free Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Sun Zhi-bo , Yuan Zheng-nan , Kwok Hoi. Sing. , Srivastava Abhishek. K.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we propose a fringe-field-effect-free fast (250μs) continuous 2π phase modulation using defect-free deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (DHFLC) with high efficiency (> 90%) for the first time. It enables ultra-high PPI applications (pixel pitch = 1 μm).
Non-hogel-based computer-generated hologram from perspective light field
Authors: Min Kyosik , Min Dabin , Park Jae-Hyeung
Published: November 2022

We propose a novel method to synthesize a hologram using perspective light field with high spatio-angular resolution and reduced computation time. The proposed method first calculates an intermediate non-hogel-based hologram by considering the perspective views as orthographic ones in the Fourier plane and then takes Fourier transform to obtain the final hologram. The numerical simulation results are presented for its verification.
Distortion Free Angular Spectrum Method for Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Etchepareborda Pablo , Connolly Paul , Henneberger Jan , Crosier Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Compact Space-Bandwidth Angular Spectrum Method (CSW-ASM) is introduced for a high resolution reconstruction of digital in-line holograms with spherical wave illumination solving the distortion issue observed when using an ASM with planar reconstruction wave approach.
Classification of urine components using supervised machine learning based on physical particle data retrieved by digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Hanna Yussef , Kallaß Marlene , Barroso Álvaro , Schnekenburger Jürgen , Brinker Klaus , Kemper Björn
Published: November 2022

We explored the capabilities of supervised machine learning to classify urine sediment based on physical parameters retrieved from quantitative digital holographic phase contrast images.
Optimized iterative method for phase-only hologram generation with speckle suppression based on quadratic phase
Authors: Pi Dapu , Liu Juan
Published: November 2022

An iterative calculation method based on quadratic phase is utilized to optimize phase-only holograms for high-quality reconstruction. An enhanced reconstruction quality with less speckle noise is realized with the numerical simulations.
Ring resonator networks as physical unclonable keys
Authors: van der Hoeven Lars , Velsink Matthijs C. , Stellinga Daan , Pinkse Pepijn W.H.
Published: November 2022

We propose an integrated network of ring resonators on a silicon-nitride chip for use as an all-optical single-spatial-mode physical unclonable key, enabling secret-free optical authentication with standard communication channels such as telecom fibres.
Realization of a micro-cavity via the integration of Silicon Nitride and Lithium Niobate using micro transfer printing
Authors: Ananthachar Adarsh , Kotlyar Maria , Ghosh Samir , Dwivedi Sarvagya , Iadanza Simone , O'Faolain Liam , Arafin Shamsul , Corbett Brian
Published: November 2022

We combine Lithium Niobate and Silicon Nitride using transfer printing and realize a micro-cavity with an experimentally measured intrinsic Q-factors of 50,000. We believe this is the first realization of such type of a micro-cavity.
Proof of Stimulated Emission in Silicon-Germanium
Authors: van Tilburg Marvin A.J. , van Lange Victor T. , Koolen Ries , Peeters Wouter H.J. , Vettori Marco , Finley Jonathan J. , Bakkers Erik P.A.M. , Haverkort Jos E.M.
Published: November 2022

We have investigated a hexagonal Silicon-Germanium NW on top of a microstadium resonator using time resolved photoluminescence. Clear indications of fast stimulated emission from hex-SiGe are observed, showing that we approach lasing.
Observation of Open Scattering Channels
Authors: Venderbosch Pim , van der Meer Reinier , de Goede Michiel , Kassenberg Ben , Snijders Henk , Epping Jörn , Taballione Caterina , van den Vlekkert Hans , Renema Jelmer J. , Pinkse Pepijn W.H.
Published: November 2022

Open channels in random scattering media have not been directly observed, despite theoretical predictions, due to experimentally inaccessible modes. Using an integrated reconfigurable 12-mode interferometer this is overcome, showing direct measurement of open channels.
Single-Mode ZBLAN Optical Fiber Couplers
Authors: Rezaei Mohsen , Rochette Martin
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate single-mode ZBLAN optical fiber couplers. The controlled tapering procedure leads to coupling ratios of 5%/95% and 14%/86% at a wavelength of 2.2 µm, with insertion losses of 1.6 dB and 1.8 dB, respectively.
Fourier surface grating couplers for integrated photonics
Authors: Lassaline Nolan , Chelladurai Daniel , Kohli Manuel , Ulrich Roger , Glauser Yannik , Petter Daniel , Leuthold Juerg , Norris David J.
Published: November 2022

We incorporate Fourier surfaces into silicon waveguides with vertical tapers for next-generation photonic grating couplers. By combining thermal scanning-probe lithography and reactive-ion etching, we generate gratings with smoothly apodized depth profiles and multi-wavelength coupling functionality.
Electrically Reconfigurable Waveguide Bragg Gratings for Multiple Tunable Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Filters
Authors: Khalil Mostafa , Sun Hao , Chen Lawrence R.
Published: November 2022

We propose and demonstrate an electrically reconfigurable waveguide Bragg grating in silicon-on-insulator using a multiple-contact heater element which can be programmed to implement various filtering functions, including multi-band and Fabry-Perot like filters.
Mid-infrared soliton self-frequency shift in a cascade of silica, fluoride, and chalcogenide fibers
Authors: Shamim Md Hosne Mobarok , Alamgir Imtiaz , Correr Wagner , Messaddeq Younès , Rochette Martin
Published: November 2022

A three-stage soliton self-frequency shift system composed of silica, ZBLAN, and microstructured AS2S3 fiber is presented. From pumping at 1.94 µm, Raman soliton is shifted successively to 2.20 µm, 2.40 µm, and 3.12 µm.
The optofluidic 3D-nanoprinted hollow core micro-gap waveguide spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Jisoo , Bürger Johannes , Schalles Vera , Jang Bumjoon , Zeisberger Matthias , Gargiulo Julian , de S. Menezes Leonardo , Maier Stefan A. , Schmidt Markus A.
Published: November 2022

We present a novel on-chip optofluidic hollow core micro-gap waveguide based on a strong light guidance through anti-resonant effect. We show gas and liquid-based spectroscopic experiments with simulations.
The Bloch sphere: a powerful tool to design photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Cherchi Matteo
Published: November 2022

The Bloch sphere can be a very powerful design tool providing superior physical insight into the working principle of autocorrective devices like broadband 50:50 splitters or flat-top inter-leavers, enabling their design through simple analytical formulas.
A Universal 20-mode Quantum Photonic Processor in Silicon Nitride
Authors: Smith Devin , Taballione Caterina , Anguita Malaquias Correa , De Goede Michiel , Venderbosch Pim , Kassenberg Ben , Snijders Henk , Epping Jörn P. , van der Meer Reinier , Pinkse Pepijn W. H. , van den Vlekkert Hans , Renema Jelmer J.
Published: November 2022

We report the realization of the largest reconfigurable quantum photonic processor enabling arbitrary unitary transformations on its 20 input & output modes with an average fibre-to-fibre loss of 2.9 dB/channel. High-fidelity operation and high-visibility quantum interference is demonstrated.
Bimodal Plasmonic Interferometer Based on SU-8 Waveguides
Authors: Bhalerao Omkar , Suckow Stephan , Chatzianagnostou E. , Fotiadis Konstantinos , Weeber J.-C. , Das Pratyusha , Manolis Thanasis , Giesecke Anna Lena , Lemme Max C.
Published: November 2022

We present the first experimental demonstration of a bi-modal plasmonic interferometer with an extinction ratio (ER) of 4 dB. Theory predicts 6.500 nm/RIU sensitivity and up to 17 dB ER.
Broadband Optical Phase Modulator with Low Residual Amplitude Modulation
Authors: Nickerson Michael , Verrinder Paul , Wang Lei , Song Bowen , Klamkin Jonathan
Published: November 2022

An optical phase modulator suitable for monolithic integration demonstrates efficient operation from 980 nm through 1360 nm. Measured Vπ∙L ranges from 0.6 V∙cm to 1.22 V∙cm with less than 0.5 dB residual amplitude modulation.
How to leverage free carrier absorption for high-resolution mode mapping in photonic crystal nanocavities
Authors: Perrier Karindra , Mosk Allard P. , Faez Sanli
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate a nonlinear photomodulation spectroscopy method to image the mode profile of a high-Q photonic crystal resonator [1]. We use thermo-optical nonlin-earity to beat the typical thermal resolution and approach the diffraction limit.
PCF sensor coated with Au-graphene/MXene for a low refractive index and a wide detection range
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Shen Tao , Feng Yue , Liu Chi , Liu Xin , Wang Shaofeng
Published: November 2022

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for detecting low refractive index (RI) and a wide detection range is proposed and analyzed by the full vector finite element method. The PCF is designed as a polishing construction and contains three different sizes of air holes. The Au and protective layer are coated on the grinding and polishing surface. The unique physical structure enables the sensor to detect trace substances. The sensor works in the near-infrared and mid-infrared bands. When Au-graphene is used, the RI detection range is 1.11–1.31, the maximum wavelength sensitivity is 18,600 nm/RIU, the maximum resolution is

5.38

×

10

−
6

, and the linearity reaches 0.99023. In this paper, MXene (

2
D
−
T
i

3

C

2

) is compared with graphene for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and applied to the field of PCF-SPR sensing. The maximum wavelength sensitivity of the sensor can be enhanced when using Au-MXene to 22,000 nm/RIU with a maximum resolution of

4.55

×

10

−
6

. Because of its high sensitivity and wide detection range at low RI, this sensor provides a promising method for drug detection, water pollution monitoring, aerosol concentration, and optical film detection.
Unidirectional efficient hybrid coupler for an integrated single-photon source
Authors: Xu Miaomiao , Zhai Tingting , Tian Zhaohua , Chen Xue-Wen , Salas-Montiel Rafael
Published: November 2022

Hybrid integrated quantum photonic circuits possess the potential to scale up the number of quantum nodes with distributed quantum-information-processing units at affordable resources. One of the key requirements is to achieve high-efficiency and unidirectional coupling of single quantum emitters into the low loss dielectric photonic waveguide modes. Plasmonic waveguides have the capability to have high coupling efficiency due to enhanced light–matter interactions. However, they suffer from significant propagation losses. Here we design and numerically demonstrate an on-chip hybrid plasmonic–photonic integrated single-photon source that enhances the emission rate of a quantum emitter and possesses unidirectional emission to a waveguide with high coupling efficiency. Currently, the emission rate of the single emitter is enhanced by a factor of 20, and the coupling efficiency from the single emitter into the photonic circuit exceeds 70%. The integrated hybrid single-photon source could find applications in quantum-information technologies.
Point-to-Multipoint Networks Enabled by Digital Subcarrier Multiplexing
Authors: Eriksson Tobias A. , Napoli Antonio , Sande Warren , Ahlfeldt Henrik , Rashidinejad Amir , Olson Magnus , Welch Dave
Published: November 2022

The opportunities opened up in optical communication networks by flexibly routed digital subcarriers, enabling point-to-multipoint operation, are discussed. The advantages that this technology can bring in different network scenarios are exemplified.
The role of flexibility in future optical access networks
Authors: van Veen Doutje , Houtsma Vincent
Published: November 2022

Overview of the role of flexibility in next generation direct detection and coherent passive optical networks. The paper analyzes introduction of flexible line-rates and other digital signal processing (DSP) enabled flexibility aspects.
Do Macroscopic Changes Affect Mesoscopic Light Transport?
Authors: Rates Alfredo , Adam Aurèle J. L. , IJzerman Wilber L. , Lagendijk Ad , Vos Willem L.
Published: November 2022

In most previous studies about light scattering, no geometry is used besides a slab. In this work, we study how macroscopic changes in the geometry affects light scattering using the Wavefront Shaping technique.
Temperature-dependent Refractive Indices of undoped and MgO-doped Stoichiometric LiTaO3 and Their Sellmeier Equations
Authors: Shoji Ichiro , Iwamoto Yuki , Kagami Yuki , Furukawa Yasunori
Published: November 2022

We made direct measurements of temperature-dependent refractive indices of undoped and MgO-doped stoichiometric LiTaO3 to obtain the Sellmeier equations. The thermo-optic coefficients are much larger than those reported by indirect measurements.
UV Emitting Colloidal MoS2 Quantum Dots
Authors: Lambora Simran , Bhardwaj Asha
Published: November 2022

In this article, we report fabrication of high-quality MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) absorbing and emitting in UV region, which is in contrast to its visible emitting 2D counterparts, due to high quantum confinement effects.
Random Raman Supercontinuum fiber laser
Authors: Monet Frédéric , Kashyap Raman
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate the generation of a supercontinuum from modulation instability and Raman self-frequency shift in a distributed feedback random Raman fiber laser. This laser has the potential for random number generation at Tbps speeds.
Quadric Surfaces for Structuring Space-Time Wave Packets
Authors: Béjot Pierre , Kibler Bertrand
Published: November 2022

We provide a general approach for structuring 3D+1 optical wave packets in both bulk and structured dispersive media, through a simple engineering of phase-matched space-time frequencies on quadric surfaces.
Reconstruction of idealized phase-space topology of four-wave mixing observed in nonlinear fiber
Authors: Sheveleva A. , Andral U. , Kibler B. , Colman P. , Dudley J. M. , Finot C.
Published: November 2022

We validate a new testbed revealing the phase-space topology of ideal four-wave mixing processes. An approach based on iterated initial conditions in a short fiber is compared with experimental datasets processed by a neural network.
Experimental investigation of the noise-driven thermalization of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou recurrences process
Authors: Vanderhaegen Guillaume , Szriftgiser Pascal , Conforti Matteo , Kudlinski Alexandre , Armaroli Andrea , Mussot Arnaud
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate the noise-driven thermalization of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) recurrences in optical fibers. We highlight the progressive recurrences breakup in favor of an irreversible spectral energy equipartition by driving the input noise level.
Stochastic Modulational Instability in Optical Fibers with Colored Random Dispersion
Authors: Armaroli Andrea , Kudlinski Alexandre , Mussot Arnaud , Conforti Matteo , Trillo Stefano , Dujardin Guillaume , De Bièvre Stephan
Published: November 2022

We study modulational instability in optical fibers with random group-velocity dispersion fluctuations. We consider Gaussian and dichotomous colored stochastic processes and characterize analytically and numerically the MI sidabands in average normal dispersion regime.
Neural network-based emulation of nonlinear pulse propagation
Authors: Salmela Lauri , Hary Mathilde , Mahed Mehdi , Dudley John M. , Genty Goëry
Published: November 2022

We teach a feed-forward neural network the differential propagation dynamics of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, allowing for fast and memory-efficient emulation of nonlinear propagation scenarios in optical fibers from pulse compression to supercontinuum generation.
Deep Physical Neural Networks based on Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Wright Logan G. , Onodera Tatsuhiro , Stein Martin M. , Wang Tianyu , Schachter Darren T. , Hu Zoey , McMahon Peter L.
Published: November 2022

We experimentally demonstrate multilayer neural networks using ultrafast nonlinear optics, to perform audio and image classification. The proposed framework for constructing and training neural networks is general and applicable to other complex non-linear systems.