bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism for large-scale canyon deformations due to filling of large reservoir of hydropower project
Authors: Jiang Hui , Zhang Chu-Han , Zhou Yuan-De , Pan Jian-Wen , Wang Jin-Ting , Wu Ming-Xin , Fan Qi-Xiang
Published: July 2020

Large storage dam projects may modify geo-environmental conditions in many ways. The reservoir impoundment of the 285.5 m high Xiluodu arch dam located on the Jinsha River (China) caused large-scale canyon deformations, including significant canyon contraction and uplift movements from reservoir to downstream valley. The dam experienced subsequent tilting towards upstream and raised a safety concern of the project. A Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) mechanism is proposed for this extraordinary behavior. Due to reservoir impounding and seepage, significant temperature drops and fluid pressure increase within the underlying geothermal limestone aquifer in a synclinal basin are primary root causes. Finite element THM simulations successfully reproduce these unique deformations. Recent observations of large quantities of thermalized discharge water downstream and high pore pressure in the limestone layer provide further support for the proposed mechanism. Furthermore, refined numerical modeling is adopted to evaluate the safety of Xiluodu dam subjected to potential larger canyon contractions. We conclude that these unprecedented phenomena are dominantly the consequence of THM response to regional hydrogeological evolution following the build-up of a large reservoir. The accumulated canyon contractions at the current stage would not pose a direct threat to the dam safety, but a tripled situation may cause severe safety issues.
Domestication-driven changes in plant traits associated with changes in the assembly of the rhizosphere microbiota in tetraploid wheat
Authors: Spor Aymé , Roucou Agathe , Mounier Arnaud , Bru David , Breuil Marie-Christine , Fort Florian , Vile Denis , Roumet Pierre , Philippot Laurent , Violle Cyrille
Published: July 2020

Despite the large morphological and physiological changes that plants have undergone through domestication, little is known about their impact on their microbiome. Here we characterized rhizospheric bacterial and fungal communities as well as the abundance of N-cycling microbial guilds across thirty-nine accessions of tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum, from four domestication groups ranging from the wild subspecies to the semi dwarf elite cultivars. We identified several microbial phylotypes displaying significant variation in their relative abundance depending on the wheat domestication group with a stronger impact of domestication on fungi. The relative abundance of potential fungal plant pathogens belonging to the Sordariomycetes class decreased in domesticated compared to wild emmer while the opposite was found for members of the Glomeromycetes, which are obligate plant symbionts. The depletion of nitrifiers and of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in elite wheat cultivars compared to primitive domesticated forms suggests that the Green Revolution has decreased the coupling between plant and rhizosphere microbes that are potentially important for plant nutrient availability. Both plant diameter and fine root percentage exhibited the highest number of associations with microbial taxa, highlighting their putative role in shaping the rhizosphere microbiota during domestication. Aside from domestication, significant variation of bacterial and fungal community composition was found among accessions within each domestication group. In particular, the relative abundances of Ophiostomataceae and of Rhizobiales were strongly dependent on the host accession, with heritability estimates of ~ 27% and ~ 25%, indicating that there might be room for genetic improvement via introgression of ancestral plant rhizosphere-beneficial microbe associations.
Investigating mass balance of Parvati glacier in Himalaya using satellite imagery based model
Authors: Tak Swati , Keshari Ashok K.
Published: July 2020

Accurate assessment of glacier mass loss is essential for understanding the glacier sensitivity to climate change and the ramifications of glacier retreat or surge. The glacier melt affects the runoff and water availability, on which the drinking and irrigation water supplies and generation of hydroelectric energy depend upon. The excessive glacial retreat may cause flood, glacial lake outburst flood, avalanches and sea level rise which are likely to affect the lives and livelihood of the people and damage the infrastructure. Here, we present a remote sensing based modeling framework to improve the understanding of accumulation and ablation processes and to quantify the glacier mass balance using multispectral satellite imageries, as several glacierized regions of the world are still poorly monitored because the field measurements for continuous monitoring on a large scale or in a complex harsh terrain are costly, time consuming and difficult. The developed modeling framework has been applied to the Parvati glacier in the western Himalaya to investigate glaciological processes and estimate the surface mass loss using 19 years of satellite images from 1998 to 2016. It spreads over 425.318 km2 and more than 50% of the area is accumulation area. The study shows that the Parvati glacier is not in equilibrium and its behavioural response changes year to year characterized with high rate of mass loss. The value of accumulation area ratio varies between 0.33 and 0.70 with an average value of 0.55, indicating a negative mass loss. The mean specific mass loss is − 0.49 ± 0.11 m w.e. and the total mass loss is 3.95 Gt., indicating strong influence of climate change and effect on river flows and water availability.
Phytocytotoxicity of volatile constituents of essential oils from Sparattanthelium Mart. species (Hernandiaceae)
Authors: Dutra Quezia Pains , Christ Jheniffer Abeldt , Carrijo Tatiana Tavares , de Assis Alves Thayllon , de Assis Alves Thammyres , Mendes Luiza Alves , Praça-Fontes Milene Miranda
Published: July 2020

The intensive application of agrochemicals in crops has negatively impacted the environment and other organisms. The use of naturally occurring compounds may be an alternative to mitigate these effects. Plants are secondary metabolite reservoirs and may present allelopathic activity, which is potentially interesting to be used in bioherbicide formulations. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic and cytotoxic effects of essential oils extracted from leaves of Sparattanthelium botocudorum and Sparattanthelium tupiniquinorum in bioassays with the plant models Lactuca sativa L. and Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. The essential oils were applied at concentrations of 3,000, 1,500, 750, 375 and 187.5 ppm. Chemical characterization of the oils was performed, and their impact on the percentage of germinated seeds, initial development of L. sativa and S. bicolor seedlings, and changes in the mitotic cycle of meristematic cells from L. sativa roots was evaluated. The major compound of the essential oils was germacrene D, followed by bicyclogermacrene, β-elemene and germacrene A. The phytotoxicity assay showed that the essential oils of both species reduced the root and shoot growth in L. sativa and decreased the germination and shoot growth in S. bicolor. Inhibition was dependent on the tested oil concentration. In the cytotoxicity assay, a decrease in mitotic index and chromosomal and nuclear alterations were observed, which resulted from aneugenic and clastogenic action.
Helicobacter pylori infection, a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a hospital-based cross-sectional study among dyspeptic patients in Douala-Cameroon
Authors: Kouitcheu Mabeku Laure Brigitte , Noundjeu Ngamga Michelle Larissa , Leundji Hubert
Published: July 2020

Diabetic mellitus patients are usually prone to chronic infections. However, there have been contradictory reports about the association between H. pylori infection and type II diabetes. The present study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among type 2 dyspeptic diabetic patients in the littoral region of Cameroon. This cross sectional study comprised 93 type 2 diabetic dyspeptic patients and 112 non-diabetic dyspeptic patients attending the Gastroenterology Department at two reference hospitals in Douala-Cameroon. The study was approved by the local Ethical Committee of Medical Sciences. Participants were screened for the presence of both type 2 diabetes and H. pylori infection. Body mass index (BMI) of all the participants was also recorded. Data was analyzed using SSPS statistical package. H. pylori infection was found in 73.11% of diabetic patients versus 58.05% in non-diabetic participants, this difference was found to be significant (OR = 1.472, p = 0.0279). This relationship persists even when adjusted to factors such as age and income level of participants. Infected participants from age group ≥ 55 years and those with high income were those with a higher risk to develop diabetes. Infected patients with high BMI were more prone to develops diabetic mellitus compared with infected patients with normal BMI (p = 0.0034). Also, participant with high BMI were more prone to develops diabetic mellitus whether they were infected or not. Patients having both H. pylori + ve and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were significantly more affected by diabetic mellitus than those in the others combined groups (p < 0.0001), suggested that high BMI and H. pylori infection together or not are factors that favor diabetes mellitus development. Separately or not, H. pylori infection and high BMI were risk factor for diabetes mellitus in our milieu.
What kind of seed dormancy occurs in the legume genus Cassia?
Authors: Rodrigues-Junior Ailton G. , Santos Marco T. A. , Hass Julia , Paschoal Bárbara S. M. , De-Paula Orlando C.
Published: July 2020

Cassia is a diverse legume genus widespread in the (sub-)tropical zone of the world. Several studies have been done on this genus; however, significant changes have occurred at the taxonomic level over the years. This has led to inaccurate information about seed dormancy in Cassia since many species are no longer included in the genus. Thus, our work aims to investigate and update the information about the kind of dormancy that occurs in seeds of Cassia species and also look into two notorious species in this group (C. fistula and C. javanica) to compare myxospermous vs. non-myxospermous seeds regarding dormancy and germination traits. Seed dormancy reports were found for 53 Cassia species, and the only kind of seed dormancy found for these species was physical dormancy (PY). Non-dormancy was not found, and all seeds had a blockage to water uptake during the dormant state, that is, all have PY. Of these 53 species, only 18 are currently included in the genus Cassia. C. fistula and C. javanica have fully developed embryos, and dormancy is only conferred by the (water-impermeable) seed coat. The lens in the seed coat is the only structure that creates a water pathway to break PY in C. fistula. Myxospermous seeds came out of dormancy faster than non-myxospermous ones. PY seems to be the only kind of seed dormancy that has evolved in Cassia. The extent of this kind of dormancy in all subtribe Cassiinae is also discussed.
Nephronectin promotes breast cancer brain metastatic colonization via its integrin-binding domains
Authors: Magnussen Synnøve Norvoll , Toraskar Jimita , Wilhelm Imola , Hasko Janos , Figenschau Stine Linn , Molnar Judit , Seppola Marit , Steigen Sonja E. , Steigedal Tonje S. , Hadler-Olsen Elin , Krizbai Istvan A. , Svineng Gunbjørg
Published: July 2020

This study demonstrates a role for the extracellular matrix protein nephronectin (NPNT) in promoting experimental breast cancer brain metastasis, possibly through enhanced binding to- and migration through brain endothelial cells. With the introduction of more targeted breast cancer treatments, a prolonged survival has resulted during the last decade. Consequently, an increased number of patients develop metastasis in the brain, a challenging organ to treat. We recently reported that NPNT was highly expressed in primary breast cancer and associated with unfavourable prognosis. The current study addresses our hypothesis that NPNT promotes brain metastases through its integrin-binding motifs. SAGE-sequencing revealed that NPNT was significantly up-regulated in human breast cancer tissue compared to pair-matched normal breast tissue. Human brain metastatic breast cancers expressed both NPNT and its receptor, integrin α8β1. Using an open access repository; BreastMark, we found a correlation between high NPNT mRNA levels and poor prognosis for patients with the luminal B subtype. The 66cl4 mouse cell line was used for expression of wild-type and mutant NPNT, which is unable to bind α8β1. Using an in vivo model of brain metastatic colonization, 66cl4-NPNT cells showed an increased ability to form metastatic lesions compared to cells with mutant NPNT, possibly through reduced endothelial adhesion and transmigration.
Tinnitus and risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: a retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chu Hsuan-Te , Liang Chih‐Sung , Yeh Ta-Chuan , Hu Li-Yu , Yang Albert C. , Tsai Shih-Jen , Shen Cheng-Che
Published: July 2020

Tinnitus has been implied as a “soft” sign of neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by progressive loss of neuronal function, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to determine whether the risk of developing AD/PD increases after having tinnitus. We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study with 12,657 tinnitus patients and 25,314 controls from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan with almost 10 years follow-up. Tinnitus-related risk on developing AD/PD followingly was determined by the Cox regression to identify potential confounding factors. Through the 10-year follow-up period, 398 individuals with tinnitus (3.1%) and 501 control individuals (2.0%) developed AD (P < 0.001), and 211 tinnitus patients (1.7%) and 249 control patients (1.0%) developed PD (P < 0.001). Compared with controls, patients with tinnitus were 1.54 times more likely to develop AD (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–1.78, P < 0.001) and 1.56 times more likely to develop PD (95% CI 1.29–1.89, P < 0.001), after adjusting confounding factors. Our results indicate an association between tinnitus and higher risk of developing AD and PD. Additional physical comorbidities may also increase the risk of developing AD and PD.
Effects of nitric oxide on the GABA, polyamines, and proline in tea (Camellia sinensis) roots under cold stress
Authors: Wang Yuhua , Xiong Fei , Nong Shouhua , Liao Jieren , Xing Anqi , Shen Qiang , Ma Yuanchun , Fang Wanping , Zhu Xujun
Published: July 2020

Tea plant often suffers from low temperature induced damage during its growth. How to improve the cold resistance of tea plant is an urgent problem to be solved. Nitric oxide (NO), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and proline have been proved that can improve the cold resistance of tea plants, and signal transfer and biosynthesis link between them may enhance their function. NO is an important gas signal material in plant growth, but our understanding of the effects of NO on the GABA shunt, proline and NO biosynthesis are limited. In this study, the tea roots were treated with a NO donor (SNAP), NO scavenger (PTIO), and NO synthase inhibitor (L-NNA). SNAP could improve activities of arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, glutamate decarboxylase, GABA transaminase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and the expression level of related genes during the treatments. The contents of putrescine and spermidine under SNAP treatment were 45.3% and 37.3% higher compared to control at 24 h, and the spermine content under PTIO treatment were 57.6% lower compare to control at 12 h. Accumulation of proline of SNAP and L-NNA treatments was 52.2% and 43.2% higher than control at 48 h, indicating other pathway of NO biosynthesis in tea roots. In addition, the NO accelerated the consumption of GABA during cold storage. These facts indicate that NO enhanced the cold tolerance of tea, which might regulate the metabolism of the GABA shunt and of proline, associated with NO biosynthesis.
High yielding ability of a large-grain rice cultivar, Akita 63
Authors: Makino Amane , Kaneta Yoshihiro , Obara Mitsuhiro , Ishiyama Keiki , Kanno Keiichi , Kondo Eri , Suzuki Yuji , Mae Tadahiko
Published: July 2020

To increase the yield potential while limiting the environmental impact of N management practices is an important issue in rice cultivation. The large-grain rice cultivar Akita 63 showed higher N-use efficiency for grain production. To elucidate this, we analyzed yield characteristics of Akita 63 in comparison with those of a maternal cultivar, Oochikara with a large grain, a paternal cultivar, Akita 39 with a normal grain, and a Japanese leading cultivar, Akitakomachi. The yields of Akita 63 were 20% higher than those of Oochikara and Akita 39, and 50% higher than those of Akitakomachi for the same N application. Akita 63 showed superior N uptake capacity. Whereas a trade-off between single grain weight and grain number was found for Oochikara, Akita 63 did not show such a relationship. The success in Akita 63 breeding was due to overcoming such a trade-off. Akita 63 had the large-grain alleles of GS3 and qSW5. Thus, an enlargement of grain size can have a great impact on an increase in yield with improved N-use efficiency. However, an enlargement of sink capacity led to source limitation. Thus, both sink and source improvements are essential for a further increase in the yield of today’s high-yielding cultivars.
Injectable supramolecular gelatin hydrogel loading of resveratrol and histatin-1 for burn wound therapy
Authors: Zheng Yuanyuan , Yuan Weihao , Liu Huiling , Huang Shaoshan , Bian Liming , Guo Rui
Published: July 2020

Prolonged inflammatory response and insufficient vascularization cause delayed and poor wound healing.
An on-demand nanoplatform for enhanced elimination of drug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Wei Xiaosong , Sun Haonan , Bai Yayun , Zhang Yufei , Ma Zhuang , Li Jie , Zhang Xinge
Published: July 2020

We establish an “on-demand” nanoplatform based on acid-degradable scaffolds by conjugating glycomimetic-based galactose ligands to target a key lectin on P. aeruginosa and guanidine moieties.
How charge regulation and ion–surface affinity affect the differential capacitance of an electrical double layer
Authors: Quadre Amanda B. , de Carvalho Sidney J. , Bossa Guilherme Volpe
Published: July 2020

The differential capacitance of an electrical double layer is a topic of great importance to develop more efficient and environment-friendly energy storage devices: electric double layer supercapacitors.
Molecular catalysis of CO2 reduction: recent advances and perspectives in electrochemical and light-driven processes with selected Fe, Ni and Co aza macrocyclic and polypyridine complexes
Authors: Boutin E. , Merakeb L. , Ma B. , Boudy B. , Wang M. , Bonin J. , Anxolabéhère-Mallart E. , Robert M.
Published: July 2020

Recent developments in (photo)electrochemical CO2 reduction combining Fe, Ni, and Co molecular complexes and (semi)conductive materials have led to high catalytic performances.
Influence of dissolved organic matter on carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide formation from cysteine during sunlight photolysis
Authors: Modiri Gharehveran Mahsa , Hain Ethan , Blaney Lee , Shah Amisha D.
Published: July 2020

Sunlight photolysis of cysteine and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from freshwater to open ocean water sources generates carbonyl sulfide (COS) but not carbon disulfide (CS2).
Accumulation on and extraction of lead from point-of-use filters for evaluating lead exposure from drinking water
Authors: Pan Weiyi , Johnson Elizabeth R. , Giammar Daniel E.
Published: July 2020

Point-of-use filters can both remove lead from drinking water and also be used for evaluating drinking water lead exposure.
New insights into size-controlled reproducible synthesis of anisotropic Fe3O4 nanoparticles: the importance of the reaction environment
Authors: Singh Gurvinder , Myasnichenko Vladimir S. , Glomm Wilhelm R.
Published: July 2020

The reproducible synthesis of anisotropic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles is demonstrated by a thermal decomposition approach. The shape and size of the nanoparticles are controlled via the reaction environment, the heating rate and the solvent volume.
Luminescence and luminescence quenching of K2Bi(PO4)(MoO4):Sm3+ phosphors for horticultural and general lighting applications
Authors: Grigorjevaite Julija , Ezerskyte Egle , Páterek Juraj , Saitzek Sebastien , Zabiliūtė-Karaliūnė Akvilė , Vitta Pranciškus , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas , Katelnikovas Arturas
Published: July 2020

Novel and highly thermally stable K2Bi(PO4)(MoO4):Sm3+ phosphors were prepared and used to produce pcLEDs for horticulture and general lighting application.
The highly-efficient light-emitting diodes based on transition metal dichalcogenides: from architecture to performance
Authors: Wang Caiyun , Yang Fuchao , Gao Yihua
Published: July 2020

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with layered architecture and excellent optoelectronic properties have been a hot spot for light-emitting diodes (LED).
A Henry's law method for generating bulk nanobubbles
Authors: Ferraro Gianluca , Jadhav Ananda J. , Barigou Mostafa
Published: July 2020

A new technique for generating bulk nanobubble suspensions has been developed based on Henry's law which states that the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid.
Large-extended 2D supramolecular network of dipoles with parallel arrangement on a Si(111)–B surface
Authors: Custovic Irma , Teyssieux Damien , Jeannoutot Judicaël , Lamare Simon , Palmino Frank , Abbasian Hamed , Rochefort Alain , Chérioux Frédéric
Published: July 2020

We successfully formed a 2D supramolecular network of a molecule with large dipole on Si(111)–B. The balance among molecule–molecule and molecule–surface interactions favors the highly homogeneous parallel arrangement of the dipoles on the surface.
Recent advances in interface engineering of all-inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Jing-Kun , Hou Hong-Yi , Li Yan-Qing , Tang Jian-Xin
Published: July 2020

This review focuses on the application of interface engineering strategies in all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
Ultra-thin patchy polymer-coated graphene oxide as a novel anticancer drug carrier
Authors: Huynh Vien T. , Nguyen Duc , Zhu Liwen , Pham Nguyen T. H. , Priyananda Pramith , Hawkett Brian S.
Published: July 2020

PISA generated polymer pimples on single graphene oxide sheets maintain colloidal stability for the adsorption and release of DOX.
Recent progress in the usage of tetrabromo-substituted naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as a building block to construct organic semiconductors and their applications
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Wang Zongrui , Li Hua , Lu Jianmei , Zhang Qichun
Published: July 2020

The recent synthetic strategies and significant applications of TBNDA and their derivatives as promising building blocks to construct π-expanded semiconductors have been carefully summarized in this review.
Rapid preparation of a Nafion/Ag NW composite film and its humidity sensing effect
Authors: Wang Yanjie , Wang Jiale , Hao Muyu , Li Bo , Zhu Zicai , Gou Xiaofan , Li Lijie
Published: July 2020

In this study, a novel electrical humidity-responsive composite film was presented based on the integration of two silver nanowire (Ag NW) layers deposited via the physical deposition process with a Nafion layer sandwiched between them.
Highly luminescent polyethylene glycol-passivated graphene quantum dots for light emitting diodes
Authors: Kim Hyun Jun , Lee Chung Kyeong , Seo Jin Gwan , Hong Soon Jik , Song Gian , Lee Junghoon , Ahn Changui , Lee Dong Ju , Song Sung Ho
Published: July 2020

We prepared blue-photoluminescent polyethylene glycol GQDs (PEG-GQDs) through PEG surface passivation. The PL intensity was stronger than that of pristine GQDs. These were then used as LED emitters and the fluorescence mechanism was investigated.
High performance of boehmite/polyacrylonitrile composite nanofiber membrane for polymer lithium-ion battery
Authors: Li Xiang , Chen Shilin , Xia Zilong , Li Li , Yuan Wenhui
Published: July 2020

In this study, a novel boehmite/polyacrylonitrile (BM/PAN) composite nanofiber membrane was prepared using the electrospinning technique.
NiFe LDH/CuO nanosheet: a sheet-on-sheet strategy to boost the active site density towards oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Lin Benfeng , le Huafeng , Xu Feng , Mu Shichun
Published: July 2020

The amount of active sites of a catalyst is of great importance to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity.
Heterostructures of ε-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3: insights from density functional theory
Authors: Ahamed Imran , Seriani Nicola , Gebauer Ralph , Kashyap Arti
Published: July 2020

Electron–hole pair recombination is reduced in heterostructures if used in devices in place of single material.
Sensible graphene oxide differentiates macrophages and Leishmania: a bio-nano interplay in attenuating intracellular parasite
Authors: Singh Aakriti , Sharma Sandeep , Yadagiri Ganesh , Parvez Shabi , Gupta Ritika , Singhal Nitin Kumar , Koratkar Nikhil , Singh Om Prakash , Sundar Shyam , Shanmugam Vijayakumar , Mudavath Shyam Lal
Published: July 2020

AGO-AmB nanocomposites as a potential therapeutic anti-leishmanial agents.
Role of the Lifshitz topological transitions in the thermodynamic properties of graphene
Authors: Davydov V. N.
Published: July 2020

The origin of the Lifshitz topological transition (LTT) and the 2D nature of the LTT in graphene has been established.
An automated flow platform for accurate determination of gas–liquid–solid reaction kinetics
Authors: Duan Xiaonan , Tu Jiacheng , Teixeira Andrew R. , Sang Le , Jensen Klavs F. , Zhang Jisong
Published: July 2020

An automated flow platform based on a tube-in-tube contactor and micro-packed bed reactor is developed to measure the kinetics of gas–liquid–solid hydrogenation reactions.
Tetrahydrofuran-based two-step solvent liquefaction process for production of lignocellulosic sugars
Authors: Ghosh Arpa , Haverly Martin R. , Lindstrom Jake K. , Johnston Patrick A. , Brown Robert C.
Published: July 2020

THF-based solvent liquefaction demonstrates a new economic and sustainable approach for fractionating, saccharifying biomass with simple and efficient solvent recovery.
DNA scaffold supports long-lived vibronic coherence in an indodicarbocyanine (Cy5) dimer
Authors: Sohail Sara H. , Otto John P. , Cunningham Paul D. , Kim Young C. , Wood Ryan E. , Allodi Marco A. , Higgins Jacob S. , Melinger Joseph S. , Engel Gregory S.
Published: July 2020

Dyes coupled to DNA display distance-dependent vibronic couplings that prolongs quantum coherences detected with 2D spectroscopy.
Detection of magnetic field effects by confocal microscopy
Authors: Déjean Victoire , Konowalczyk Marcin , Gravell Jamie , Golesworthy Matthew J. , Gunn Catlin , Pompe Nils , Foster Vander Elst Olivia , Tan Ke-Jie , Oxborrow Mark , Aarts Dirk G. A. L. , Mackenzie Stuart R. , Timmel Christiane R.
Published: July 2020

Confocal microscopy is showcased as a powerful technique for the measurement of spatiotemporally-resolved magnetic field effects in both solutions and single crystals.
Heavy chalcogenide-transition metal clusters as coordination polymer nodes
Authors: Xie Jiaze , Wang Lei , Anderson John S.
Published: July 2020

Recent developments, challenges, and opportunities in using polynuclear transition metal heavy chalcogenide clusters as nodes for coordination polymers.
Novel Ni and Al doped manganese oxide (NixAlyMnzO2) ternary catalyst materials synthesized by a homogeneous precipitation method for high performance air electrodes of lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Cai Kedi , Qu Tingting , Lang Xiaoshi , Li Lan , Zhang Qingguo
Published: July 2020

NixAlyMnzO2 as a highly conductive and stable ternary catalyst is used in lithium–oxygen batteries with excellent electrochemical performances.
Valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy of vanadium oxide and lithiated vanadyl phosphate materials
Authors: Jahrman Evan P. , Holden William M. , Govind Niranjan , Kas Joshua J. , Rana Jatinkumar , Piper Louis F. J. , Siu Carrie , Whittingham M. Stanley , Fister Timothy T. , Seidler Gerald T.
Published: July 2020

Coupling lab-based XES measurements with computations amenable to solid-state systems revealed the valence band behavior of several vanadium-based electronic materials.
Photocatalyst Z-scheme system composed of a linear conjugated polymer and BiVO4 for overall water splitting under visible light
Authors: Bai Yang , Nakagawa Keita , Cowan Alexander J. , Aitchison Catherine M. , Yamaguchi Yuichi , Zwijnenburg Martijn A. , Kudo Akihiko , Sprick Reiner Sebastian , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: July 2020

A Z-scheme of a linear conjugated polymer photocatalyst and a metal oxide is able to facilitate overall water splitting without non-scalable sacrificial reagents showing potential for sustainable hydrogen production.
The relationship between oxide-ion conductivity and cation vacancy order in the hybrid hexagonal perovskite Ba3VWO8.5
Authors: Gilane Asma , Fop Sacha , Sher Falak , Smith Ronald I. , Mclaughlin Abbie C.
Published: July 2020

Cation ordering in Ba3VWO8.5 disrupts long-range oxygen diffusivity parallel to the c-axis resulting in reduced ionic conductivity.
Enzyme catalysis powered micro/nanomotors for biomedical applications
Authors: Mathesh Motilal , Sun Jiawei , Wilson Daniela A.
Published: July 2020

This review provides insights on enzyme powered motors using fuels present in biological environments for biomedical applications.
Supramolecular hydrogels based on custom-made poly(ether urethane)s and cyclodextrins as potential drug delivery vehicles: design and characterization
Authors: Torchio Alessandro , Boffito Monica , Gallina Andrea , Lavella Mario , Cassino Claudio , Ciardelli Gianluca
Published: July 2020

A library of poly(ether urethane)-based supramolecular hydrogels was designed, showing quick gelation, no phase separation, remarkable mechanical and self-healing properties.
Biocide mechanism of highly efficient and stable antimicrobial surfaces based on zinc oxide–reduced graphene oxide photocatalytic coatings
Authors: Valenzuela Laura , Iglesias-Juez Ana , Bachiller-Baeza Belén , Faraldos Marisol , Bahamonde Ana , Rosal Roberto
Published: July 2020

Highly efficient photoactive antimicrobial coatings were obtained using zinc oxide–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (ZnO–rGO).
Stereocomplexed and homocrystalline thermo-responsive physical hydrogels with a tunable network structure and thermo-responsiveness
Authors: Liu Kangkang , Cao Heqing , Yuan Wenhua , Bao Yongzhong , Shan Guorong , Wu Zi Liang , Pan Pengju
Published: July 2020

Robust thermo-responsive physical hydrogels with a tunable network structure and thermo-responsiveness were developed by controlling the crystallization of hydrophobic blocks.
Polymer composition primarily determines the protein recognition characteristics of molecularly imprinted hydrogels
Authors: Venkataraman Abhijeet K. , Clegg John R. , Peppas Nicholas A.
Published: July 2020

A hydrogel's molecular recognition properties are determined by the material composition, and are minimally influenced by molecular imprinting.
Ultralong organic luminogens with color-tunability via intermolecular through-space charge-transfer characters
Authors: Luo Yanju , Pang Zhenguo , Li Chuan , Chen Kuan , Zheng Xujun , Huang Yan , Lu Zhiyun
Published: July 2020

A feasible constructive strategy for color-tunable UOL materials is demonstrated by utilizing triplet excited state with an intermolecular through-space charge-transfer character as the initial state.
Phenazine derivatives for optical sensing: a review
Authors: Xiao-Ni Qi , Dang Li-Rong , Qu Wen-Jun , Zhang You-Ming , Yao Hong , Lin Qi , Wei Tai-Bao
Published: July 2020

Phenazine exhibiting an electron-deficient skeleton, lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atoms, and other properties (such as tunable structures, excellent optical performance and proper binding abilities) can effectively sense target ions or molecules via non-covalent interactions, involving hydrogen bonds, anion–π interactions, metal coordination and other weak forces.
CuInS2 nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Hou Huilin , Yuan Yanfen , Cao Sheng , Yang Yueping , Ye Xiaming , Yang Weiyou
Published: July 2020

In this work, we devise a unique TiO2@CuInS2 heterojunction photocatalyst for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Ultra-high-efficiency near-infrared Ga2O3:Cr3+phosphor and controlling of phytochrome
Authors: Fang Mu-Huai , De Guzman Gabriel Nicolo A. , Bao Zhen , Majewska Natalia , Mahlik Sebastian , Grinberg Marek , Leniec Grzegorz , Kaczmarek Slawomir M. , Yang Chia-Wei , Lu Kuang-Mao , Sheu Hwo-Shuenn , Hu Shu-Fen , Liu Ru-Shi
Published: July 2020

A near-infrared Ga2O3:Cr3+phosphor and the controlling of phytochrome.
Improving the performance of inverted two-dimensional perovskite solar cells by adding an anti-solvent into the perovskite precursor
Authors: Liu Zhihai , Wang Lei , Xie Xiaoyin
Published: July 2020

We significantly improved the performance of two-dimensional perovskite solar cells by adding an anti-solvent into the perovskite precursor.
Development of Neural Structure and Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Implications for Learning Language
Authors: Coburn Kelly L. , Williams Diane L.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Neurodevelopmental processes that begin during gestation and continue throughout childhood typically support language development. Understanding these processes can help us to understand the disruptions to language that occur in neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method

For this tutorial, we conducted a focused literature review on typical postnatal brain development and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetoencephalography, and electroencephalography studies of the neurodevelopmental differences that occur in ASD. We then integrated this knowledge with the literature on evidence-based speech-language intervention practices for autistic children.

Results

In ASD, structural differences include altered patterns of cortical growth and myelination. Functional differences occur at all brain levels, from lateralization of cortical functions to the rhythmic activations of single neurons. Neuronal oscillations, in particular, could help explain disrupted language development by elucidating the timing differences that contribute to altered functional connectivity, complex information processing, and speech parsing. Findings related to implicit statistical learning, explicit task learning, multisensory integration, and reinforcement in ASD are also discussed.

Conclusions

Consideration of the neural differences in autistic children provides additional scientific support for current recommended language intervention practices. Recommendations consistent with these neurological findings include the use of short, simple utterances; repetition of syntactic structures using varied vocabulary; pause time; visual supports; and individualized sensory modifications.
The Orofacial Somatosensory System Is Modulated During Speech Planning and Production
Authors: McGuffin Brianna J. , Liss Julie M. , Daliri Ayoub
Published: July 2020

Purpose

In our previous studies, we showed that the brain modulates the auditory system, and the modulation starts during speech planning. However, it remained unknown whether the brain uses similar mechanisms to modulate the orofacial somatosensory system. Here, we developed a novel behavioral paradigm to (a) examine whether the somatosensory system is modulated during speech planning and (b) determine the somatosensory modulation's time course during planning and production.

Method

Participants (
N
= 20) completed two experiments in which we applied electrical current stimulation to the lower lip to induce somatosensory sensation. In the first experiment, we used a staircase method (one-up, four-down) to determine each participant's perceptual threshold at rest (i.e., the stimulus that the participant detected on 85% of trials). In the second experiment, we estimated each participant's detection ratio of electrical stimuli (with a magnitude equivalent of their perceptual threshold) delivered at various time points before speaking and during a control condition (silent reading).

Results

We found that the overall detection ratio in the silent reading condition remained unchanged relative to the detection ratio at rest. Approximately 536 ms before speech onset, the detection ratio in the speaking condition was similar to that in the silent reading condition; however, the detection ratio in the speaking condition gradually started to decrease and reached its lowest level at 58 ms before speech onset.

Conclusions

Overall, we provided compelling behavioral evidence that, as the speech motor system prepares speech movements, it also modulates the orofacial somatosensory system in a temporally specific manner.
Social Media and Internet Use Patterns by Adolescents With Complex Communication Needs
Authors: Bosse Ingo , Renner Gregor , Wilkens Leevke
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Nearly all students use Internet-based social media to communicate and network. For those with complex communication needs who may benefit from augmentative and alternative communication, social media offer specific opportunities to participate. However, do students make use of them—or do they face new barriers? The aim of the study was to collect data on the types, frequency, and duration of Internet and social media use among students with complex communication needs, along with the barriers to and facilitators of use, and to compare their use with peers without disabilities.

Method

Twenty-four German secondary school students with complex communication needs and motor difficulties were surveyed by a questionnaire based on an Australian study.

Results

A majority (75%) of the participants used the Internet, with most using daily and on more than one device. Use for school activities played only a minor role. Instead, the Internet was most often used for recreational activities (e.g., listening to music, watching videos), followed by communication by e-mail or chat, and lastly for seeking information. Greater Internet use was desired by 88% of the participants. The data show technical and social difficulties in Internet access and use and indicate that literacy skills and motor skills influence the Internet use.

Conclusion

School education should address the desire for greater Internet use. The teaching of media literacy and the provision of appropriate assistive and/or mainstream technology are therefore needed. More research is required on how persons with complex communication needs can potentially and actually benefit from the use of social media and on how teaching how to use social media can lead to further digital and social participation.
ALMA and MUSE observations reveal a quiescent multi-phase circumgalactic medium around the z ≃ 3.6 radio galaxy 4C 19.71
Authors: Falkendal Theresa , Lehnert Matthew D. , Vernet Joël , De Breuck Carlos , Wang Wuji
Published: July 2020

We present MUSE at VLT imaging spectroscopy of rest-frame ultraviolet emission lines and ALMA observations of the [C I] 3P1−3P0 emission line, probing both the ionized and diffuse molecular medium around the radio galaxy 4C 19.71 at z ≃ 3.6. This radio galaxy has extended Lyα emission over a region ∼100 kpc in size preferentially oriented along the axis of the radio jet. Faint Lyα emission extends beyond the radio hot spots. We also find extended C IV and He II emission over a region of ∼150 kpc in size, where the most distant emission lies ∼40 kpc beyond the north radio lobe and has narrow full width half maximum (FWHM) line widths of ∼180 km s−1 and a small relative velocity offset Δv ∼ 130 km s−1 from the systemic redshift of the radio galaxy. The [C I] is detected in the same region with FWHM ∼ 100 km s−1 and Δv ∼ 5 km s−1, while [C I] is not detected in the regions south of the radio galaxy. We interpret the coincidence in the northern line emission as evidence of relatively quiescent multi-phase gas residing within the halo at a projected distance of ∼75 kpc from the host galaxy. To test this hypothesis, we performed photoionization and photo-dissociated region (PDR) modeling, using the code Cloudy, of the three emission line regions: the radio galaxy proper and the northern and southern regions. We find that the [C I]/C IVλλ1548,1551 and C IVλλ1548,1551/He II ratios of the two halo regions are consistent with a PDR or ionization front in the circumgalactic medium likely energized by photons from the active galactic nuclei. This modeling is consistent with a relatively low metallicity, 0.03 < [Z/Z⊙] < 0.1, and diffuse ionization with an ionization parameter (proportional to the ratio of the photon number density and gas density) of log U ∼ −3 for the two circumgalactic line emission regions. Using rough mass estimates for the molecular and ionized gas, we find that the former may be tracing ≈2−4 orders of magnitude more mass. As our data are limited in signal-to-noise due to the faintness of the line, deeper [C I] observations are required to trace the full extent of this important component in the circumgalactic medium.
Confidence Level and Ability of Medical Students to Identify
Abdominal Structures After Integrated Ultrasound Sessions
Authors: Nausheen Fauzia , Young Corey , Brazil John , Dunagan Timothy , Bhupathy Renu , Elango Sambandam , Crowley Jason
Published: July 2020

Determine the confidence level and ability of first year medical
students to identify abdominal structures using a wireless portable ultrasound
scanner.

The students were assessed for their confidence and ability to
perform abdominal ultrasound. The 5-point Likert survey included questions on
their perception about ultrasound as a resource for learning anatomy, physical
examination skills, and the quality of the pre-session instructions. Data was
also recorded by the faculty about the students’ ultrasound skills and
confidence. Goodman and Kruskal's gamma was used to demonstrate an
association between the students’ ability to identify the structures and
the self-reported student confidence level.

Most of the students had confidence and were able to identify the
liver, kidney, and urinary bladder, while almost half of them needed faculty
help them to identify the inferior vena cava and aorta. The spleen and gall
bladder were the most difficult to locate even for the very confident students.
The perception of supervising faculty was that the confidence level was low in
most of the students and only 13–20% of students felt
“very confident” about performing ultrasound. Almost 37%
needed encouragement and support and almost 10% of the students were not
willing to try to locate difficult organs. Some students started locating the
ureteric jet and portal vein. Most of the students agreed that ultrasound is an
excellent resource for learning anatomy and physical examination skills. All
students suggested having more ultrasound sessions.

Most of the students feel confident about performing
ultrasound and they perceive that ultrasound can enhance their basic sciences
and physical examination skills.
Synergistic Effect of Bypassing Agents and Sequence Identical Analogue of Emicizumab and Fibrin Clot Structure in the In Vitro Model of Hemophilia A
Authors: Zong Yanan , Antovic Aleksandra , Soutari Nida Mahmoud Hourani , Antovic Jovan , Pruner Iva
Published: July 2020

Development of inhibitors to factor VIII (FVIII) occurs in approximately 30% of severe hemophilia A (HA) patients. These patients are treated with bypassing agents (activated prothrombin complex concentrate [aPCC] and recombinant activated FVII-rFVIIa). Recently, a bispecific FIX/FIXa- and FX/FXa-directed antibody (emicizumab) has been approved for the treatment of HA patients with inhibitors. However, the data from clinical studies imply that coadministration of emicizumab and bypassing agents, especially aPCC, could have a thrombotic effect.

This study was aimed to address the question of potential hypercoagulability of emicizumab and bypassing agents' coadministration, we have investigated fibrin clot formation and structure in the in vitro model of severe HA after adding sequence-identical analogue (SIA) of emicizumab and bypassing agents.

Combined overall hemostasis potential (OHP) and fibrin clot turbidity assay was performed in FVIII-deficient plasma after addition of different concentrations of SIA, rFVIIa, and aPCC. Pooled normal plasma was used as control. The fibrin clots were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

OHP and turbidity parameters improved with the addition of aPCC, while therapeutic concentrations of rFVIIa did not show substantial improvement. SIA alone and in combination with rFVIIa or low aPCC concentration improved OHP and turbidity parameters and stabilized fibrin network, while in combination with higher concentrations of aPCC expressed hypercoagulable pattern and generated denser clots.

Our in vitro model suggests that combination of SIA and aPCC could potentially be prothrombotic, due to hypercoagulable changes in fibrin clot turbidity and morphology. Additionally, combination of SIA and rFVIIa leads to the formation of stable clots similar to normal fibrin clots.
Artrose medial do joelho: Uma patologia de evolução progressiva
Authors: Camanho Gilberto Luis
Published: July 2020

A artrose medial do joelho é uma patologia evolutiva que ocorre em decorrência de desequilíbrio muscular progressivo. Os músculos da região do joelho têm um grande desequilíbrio, provocado pela diferença de potência e braço de alavanca. Com a progressão da vida, este desequilíbrio se manifesta de forma mais importante, especialmente em decorrência da perda de força muscular em função do envelhecimento. Posturas patológicas passam a ocorrer e determinar zonas de apoio e pressão lesivas para a articulação. A lesão meniscal é típica na evolução desta patologia, assim como a lesão da cartilagem. O reconhecimento desta patologia possibilita resultados bons com tratamentos menos agressivos, como a correção do desequilíbrio muscular e consequente reeducação do apoio da articulação. A meniscectomia econômica e parcial traz bons resultados nas fases iniciais do processo degenerativo. A evolução progressiva leva à degeneração do joelho e à consequente necessidade de cirurgias mais amplas.
Using Formative Video Competencies and Summative In-Person Competencies to Examine Preparedness for Entry-Level Professional Practice
Authors: Hoepner Jerry K. , Hemmerich Abby L.
Published: July 2020

A key element of competency-based education is assessment. Effective assessment requires access to a core set of expectations that match a learner's level of preparation. Miller's triangle provides a framework for establishing appropriate expectations that move learners from novice to entry-level clinicians. Formative assessment and feedback are a crucial part of facilitating learning in this context. A pilot investigation was conducted to examine the effects of a formative, video competency on performance in a summative, live competency. Rubrics were used to score performance on two competencies, an oral mechanism exam (OME) and a clinical bedside swallowing examination (CBSE). Performance on the OME was significantly improved in the summative competency, compared with the formative, video competency. Performance on the CBSE did not change from formative to summative competency. Assessment in competency-based education is important as a measure of readiness for entry-level practice. Formative assessment and feedback can improve preparedness and performance on summative competencies. Detailed, criterion-referenced assessment tools are crucial to identifying performance. While the OME rubric used in this investigation appears to meet that standard, it is likely that the CBSE rubric was not specific enough to detect changes.