bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Frequency Management for Hybrid AC/DC Power Systems Based on an Optimized Fuzzy Cascaded PI−PD Controller
Authors: Wazir Awadh Ba , Alghamdi Sultan , Alobaidi Abdulraheem , Alhussainy Abdullah Ali , Milyani Ahmad H.
Published: December 2024

A fuzzy cascaded PI−PD (FCPIPD) controller is proposed in this paper to optimize load frequency control (LFC) in the linked electrical network. The FCPIPD controller is composed of fuzzy logic, proportional integral, and proportional derivative with filtered derivative mode controllers. Utilizing renewable energy sources (RESs), a dual-area hybrid AC/DC electrical network is used, and the FCPIPD controller gains are designed via secretary bird optimization algorithm (SBOA) with aid of a novel objective function. Unlike the conventional objective functions, the proposed objective function is able to specify the desired LFCs response. Under different load disturbance situations, a comparison study is conducted to compare the performance of the SBOA-based FCPIPD controller with the one-to-one (OOBO)-based FCPIPD controller and the earlier LFC controllers published in the literature. The simulation’s outcomes demonstrate that the SBOA-FCPIPD controller outperforms the existing LFC controllers. For instance, in the case of variable load change and variable RESs profile, the SBOA-FCPIPD controller has the best integral time absolute error (ITAE) value. The SBOA-FCPIPD controller’s ITAE value is 0.5101, while sine cosine adopted an improved equilibrium optimization algorithm-based adaptive type 2 fuzzy PID controller and obtained 4.3142. Furthermore, the work is expanded to include electric vehicle (EV), high voltage direct current (HVDC), generation rate constraint (GRC), governor dead band (GDB), and communication time delay (CTD). The result showed that the SBOA-FCPIPD controller performs well when these components are equipped to the system with/without reset its gains. Also, the work is expanded to include a four-area microgrid system (MGS), and the SBOA-FCPIPD controller excelled the SBOA-CPIPD and SBOAPID controllers. Finally, the SBOA-FCPIPD controller showed its superiority against various controllers for the two-area conventionally linked electrical network.
Subsea Long-Duration Energy Storage for Integration with Offshore Wind Farms
Authors: Cutajar Charise , Sant Tonio , Aquilina Luke , Buhagiar Daniel , Baldacchino Daniel
Published: December 2024

Long-duration energy storage systems are becoming a vital means for decarbonizing the global economy. However, with floating wind farms being commissioned farther offshore, the need to co-locate energy storage with the energy harnessing units is becoming more essential. This paper presents a transient thermal analysis of the charging process of a subsea open-cycle hydro-pneumatic energy storage system. The proposed system is designed for integration with floating wind turbines in deep water sites. Situating the system subsea presents unique opportunities for integration with offshore wind plants through the exploitation of well-known subsea pipeline technology and the surrounding seawater environment, which acts as a natural heat sink/source. The results obtained from numerical modeling in Python© Version 3.7.4 present the variation in various operating parameters with time. The outcomes reveal that the proposed system is able to achieve a work ratio and an energy storage capacity ratio of up to 0.80 and 0.95, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed open-cycle system is predicted to boost the energy storage density by a factor ranging between 2.00 and 8.10 when compared to the energy storage density of conventional closed-cycle units. Namely, the energy storage density of the long-duration energy storage can reach up to 16.20 kWh/m3 when operated in an open-cycle configuration.
Riboflavin- and Dextran-Producing Weissella confusa FS54 B2: Characterization and Testing for Development of Fermented Plant-Based Beverages
Authors: Lahmar Malek , Besrour-Aouam Norhane , Hernández-Alcántara Annel M. , Diez-Ozaeta Iñaki , Fhoula Imene , López Paloma , Mohedano Mari Luz , Ouzari Hadda-Imene
Published: December 2024

The use of lactic acid bacteria for developing functional foods is increasing for their ability to synthesize beneficial metabolites such as vitamin B (riboflavin, RF) and postbiotic compounds. Here, the spontaneous mutant FS54 B2 was isolated by treatment of the dextran-producing Weissella confusa FS54 strain with roseoflavin. FS54 B2 overproduced RF (4.9 mg/L) in synthetic medium. The FMN riboswitch is responsible for the regulation of RF biosynthesis, and sequencing of the coding DNA revealed that FS54 B2 carries the G131U mutation. FS54 B2 retained the capacity of FS54 to synthesize high levels of dextran (3.8 g/L) in synthetic medium. The fermentation capacities of the two Weissella strains was tested in commercial oat-, soy- and rice-based beverages. The best substrate for FS54 B2 was the oat-based drink, in which, after fermentation, the following were detected: RF (2.4 mg/L), dextran (5.3 mg/L), potential prebiotics (oligosaccharides (panose (5.1 g/L), isomaltose (753 mg/L) and isomaltotriose (454 mg/L)) and the antioxidant mannitol (16.3 g/L). pH-lowering ability and cell viability after one month of storage period were confirmed. As far as we know, this is the first time that an RF-overproducing W. confusa strain has been isolated, characterized and tested for its potential use in the development of functional beverages.
Green Radish Polysaccharides Ameliorate Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mice via Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production and Gut Microbiota Regulation
Authors: Geng Xiong , Tian Weina , Zhuang Miaomiao , Shang Huayan , Gong Ziyi , Li Jianrong
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to examine the hypolipidemic effect and potential mechanism of action of green radish polysaccharide (GRP) in hyperlipidemic mice. We found that in mice fed a high-fat diet, supplementing with GRP reduced body weight and liver index, significantly improved serum lipid levels and markers of liver damage, and mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation. Mechanistically, in these hyperlipidemic mice, the size of fat cells was reduced by GRP, and the abnormal accumulation of lipid droplets was reduced. We also found that GRP regulates the composition of the intestinal microbiota, including the ratio of Firmicutes to Mycobacteria F/B and the levels of Blautia spp., which have been shown to alleviate liver damage and treat hyperlipidemia. Metabolite pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes identified the glycolysis/glycolytic metabolism and propionate metabolism pathways as potential targets for GRP in the amelioration of hyperlipidemia.
Biological Evaluation of 3-Aryl and/or 4-(N-Aryl)aminocoumarins Against Human Pathogens: Antileishmanial and Antiviral Activities
Authors: Rabelo Vitor Won-Held , Carneiro Leonardo Simões de Abreu , Martins Luan Letieri Belem , Almeida-Souza Fernando , Silva Luciene Soares , Amorim Leonardo dos Santos Corrêa , Sanchez-Nuñez Maria Leonisa , Calabrese Kátia da Silva , Abreu Paula Alvarez , Buarque Camilla Djenne , Paixão Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer
Published: December 2024

Background: Vector-borne diseases, such as leishmaniasis and arboviral infections, represent a great challenge to human health with limited therapeutic options. In addition, sexually transmitted infections, such as herpes, affect billions of people worldwide and the emergence of new strains resistant to common antivirals, such as acyclovir (ACV), poses a serious threat to humans. In this context, coumarins have proved to be a valuable source of new derivatives with promising biological activities to fight these diseases. Methodology: 3-aryl and/or 4-(N-aryl)aminocoumarins were synthesized, and their drug-like profile was evaluated using silico tools. Their biological activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes was evaluated using the MTT assay, while their antiviral activity against replication of Chikungunya, Mayaro, Zika, and type 1 Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) in Vero cells was analyzed using plaque reduction assays. Results: The in silico studies pointed to satisfactory pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties as drug candidates. Hence, their antileishmanial activity was evaluated. None of the compounds exhibited significant activity and compound 2b showed the highest activity (IC50 = 47.10 µM). We further evaluated their cytotoxicity and antiviral activity. Compound 2e showed good activity against ACV-sensitive and -resistant HSV-1 strains with EC50 values of 48.68 µM and 66.26 µM, respectively (selectivity index values of 12.5 and 9.2). Mechanism of action studies indicated that this compound acts at late steps of HSV-1 replication, such as virus egress. Conclusions: Compound 2e possesses a different mechanism of action compared to ACV and presents a promising alternative for the treatment of HSV-1 infections.
Natural Epithelial Barrier Integrity Enhancers—Citrus medica and Origanum dayi Extracts
Authors: Coopersmith Sarah , Rahamim Valeria , Drori Eliyahu , Miloslavsky Rachel , Kozlov Rima , Gorelick Jonathan , Azagury Aharon
Published: December 2024

Buccal drug delivery offers a promising alternative for avoiding gastrointestinal degradation and first-pass metabolism. However, enhancing the buccal epithelial barrier’s permeability remains challenging. This study explores the effects of ethanolic extracts from Citrus medica var. Balady (CM), Citrus medica var. Calabria (CMC), and Origanum dayi (ORD) on buccal epithelium permeability in vitro using a TR146 cell-based model. The cell viability assay revealed that the extracts were non-toxic at the concentration range tested (<0.5% w/v). Surprisingly, none of the tested extracts significantly enhanced the buccal permeability of 40 kDa Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Dextran (FD40). However, the CMC and ORD extracts significantly reduced the epithelial permeability of FD40, mirroring the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA), a known barrier integrity enhancer. The total phenolic content (TPC) analysis suggested a potential link between the phenolic concentration and epithelial barrier reinforcement. The rapid colorimetric response method was applied to assess the interaction of these extracts with biological membranes. The results indicated that HA interacts with cellular membranes via lipid bilayer penetration, whereas the extracts likely influence the barrier integrity through alternative mechanisms, such as ligand–receptor interactions or extracellular matrix modulation. These findings highlight the potential of CMC and ORD extracts as natural agents to enhance buccal epithelial integrity. In conclusion, incorporating these extracts into formulations, such as hydrogels, could offer a cost-effective and biocompatible alternative to HA for improving buccal cavity health.
The Influence of Protein Components on Quinoa Protein–Xanthan Gum Complex Gels at Different pH Levels
Authors: Zhang Xinxia , Ding Yafeng , Zhou Jiangtao , Xu Qianqian , Li Ting , Wang Li
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to prepare complex gels of sonicated quinoa protein (QP) and polysaccharides, comparing the effects of different protein components and pH on gel properties. FTIR analysis demonstrated that the β-structure in protein at pH 7.0 was enhanced by ultrasonic treatment, which could promote the formation of a gel network. Moreover, XG-AG (gel prepared by xanthan gum and albumin) and XG-GG (gel prepared by xanthan gum and globulin) exhibited higher levels of disulfide bonds and free sulfhydryl groups in the gel, requiring more energy to break the intermolecular sulfide bonds during heating. Under the same heating conditions, the rheological properties and gel strength of XG-UQPG (gel prepared by xanthan gum and ultrasonically treated QP) were superior to those of XG-UGG (gel prepared by xanthan gum and ultrasonically treated globulin) and XG-UAG (gel prepared by xanthan gum and ultrasonically treated albumin). Additionally, XG-UGG (pH 7.0) demonstrated the highest water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC). This was attributed to the disulfide bonds created in the proteins by the ultrasound treatment, encouraging them to interact to form more uniform holes in gel that can hold more water/oil molecules. Conversely, at pH 4.5, the WHCs of the gels were reduced due to the presence of rougher protein structures. These findings shed light on the impact of protein composition on gel properties and offer insights into enhancing the quality of quinoa protein gel.
Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity Analysis of 18 Ornamental Strawberries
Authors: Nong Chaocui , Hou Jiayi , He Jin , Zheng Yanju , Yang Shugen , Jiang Lai , Xie Qian , Wang Wei , Wu Jinghua , Chen Qingxi , Miao Lixiang
Published: December 2024

The red-flowered strawberry is a novel ornamental plant. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity among ornamental strawberry germplasm resources. In this investigation, 17 red-flowered strawberry germplasms and 1 white-flowered strawberry germplasm were analyzed for genetic diversity and genetic relationships using a combination of phenotypic data, inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP) molecular markers. The results indicated that the 18 strawberry germplasms exhibited significant variability and genetic diversity at both phenotypic and molecular levels. The clustering results revealed notable differences between phenotypic clustering and molecular marker clustering, while the ISSR and CDDP markers grouped into broadly similar clusters. We further consolidated the ISSR and CDDP marker data to conduct the cluster analysis and population structure analysis of the 18 strawberry germplasms. The cluster analysis classified these germplasms into four clusters at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.77. The population structure analysis categorized the germplasms into three groups, with 88.89% exhibiting a Q value ≥ 0.6, and 11.11% demonstrating a Q value < 0.6. This finding suggests that the genetic background of the 18 strawberry germplasms is relatively homogeneous. Notably, ‘Summer Breeze-Rose’ and ‘Summer Breeze-Cherry’ possess relatively complex genetic backgrounds (Q < 0.6). Furthermore, the floral, foliar, and plant traits of both germplasms display significant ornamental value and can serve as vital resources for the development and utilization of ornamental strawberries, as well as for the selection and breeding of new varieties.
Integrating Horticulture into 21st-Century Urban Landscapes
Authors: Ljubojević Mirjana
Published: December 2024

Urbanization has long been recognized as a significant challenge to achieving sustainable urban development [...]
Electrochemical Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole Enhanced by Bio-Inspired Iron-Nickel Encapsulated Biochar Particle Electrode
Authors: Geng Shuang , Yao Jingang , Wang Lei , Wang Yangyang , Wang Xiaoshu , Li Junmin
Published: December 2024

In the electrocatalytic (EC) degradation process, challenges such as inefficient mass transfer, suboptimal mineralization rates, and limited current efficiency have restricted its broader application. To overcome these obstacles, this study synthesized spherical particle electrodes (FeNi@BC) with superior electrocatalytic performance using a bio-inspired preparation method. A three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation system based on FeNi@BC electrode, EC/FeNi@BC, showed excellent degradation efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), reaching 0.0456 min−1. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments showed that the excellent SMX degradation efficiency in the EC/FeNi@BC system was attributed to the synergistic effect of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) and revealed their evolution path. Characterization results showed that FeNi3 generated in the FeNi@BC electrode was a key bimetallic active site for improving electrocatalytic activity and repolarization ability. More importantly, the degradation pathway and reaction mechanism of SMX in the EC/FeNi@BC system were proposed. In addition, the influencing factors of the reaction system (voltage, pH, initial SMX concentration, electrode dosage, and sodium sulfate concentration, etc.) and the stability of the catalyst (maintained more than 81% after 5 cycles) were systematically evaluated. This study may provide help for the construction of environmentally friendly catalytic and efficient degradation of organic pollutants.
Experimental Study on Nonlinear Motion Characteristics of Clean and Biofouling Aquaculture Cage Array in Waves
Authors: Tian Changfeng , Liu Huang , Cui Mingchao , Cao Shouqi , Xu Zhijing
Published: December 2024

This paper aimed to understand the nonlinear dynamic responses that arise from the interaction between waves and a biofouling aquaculture cage array. To that end, physical model tests of a biofouling aquaculture cage array in a 1 × 3 configuration in regular waves were conducted. Wave steepness values of 1/60, 1/30, and 1/15 were considered within the frequencies spanning from low- to high-frequency bands. Then, the nonlinear dynamic responses of the system were systematically decomposed into four successive orders of components. This approach allowed for a thorough assessment of the inherent nonlinearity within the biofouling system by analyzing each individual order. The results highlight that the first-order harmonic component was the predominant contributor influencing the nonlinear dynamic response, while the higher-order harmonic components remained crucial in their contribution to the overall nonlinear dynamic response of the system. In particular, the harmonics within the low-frequency regime exhibited significantly greater nonlinearity compared with those in the high-frequency regime. A notable decrease in the amplitude of the harmonic component could be identified in the low-frequency regime due to the damping from the biofouling. The comprehensive analysis of the nonlinear dynamics within the biofouling system provides insights into optimizing the performance of aquaculture systems.
Noise Exposure and Mitigation on High-Speed Craft: Assessing Acoustic Environment and Regulatory Compliance
Authors: Díaz-Secades Luis Alfonso , Bouzón Otero Rebeca , Amado-Sánchez Yolanda , Moreno Fernando Crestelo
Published: December 2024

High-speed craft (HSC) present unique challenges regarding on-board noise levels, affecting crew safety, comfort, and operational efficiency. This study investigates noise exposure and mitigation strategies aboard three Ro-Pax HSC vessels operating in southern Spain, with a focus on noise sources, regulatory compliance, and crew health. Full-scale experimental measurements were conducted in critical on-board locations, and noise maps were developed to identify areas where sound levels exceed International Maritime Organization (IMO) and European Directive 2003/10/EC thresholds. Results highlight that engine rooms and propulsion systems are the primary sources of excessive noise, with significant transmission to passenger and crew accommodation areas. Noise exposure calculations reveal that several crew roles, particularly engineers and deckhands, face exposure to hazardous noise levels during routine operations. Mitigation strategies, including improved insulation, noise mapping, and the implementation of hearing protection, are recommended to enhance on-board acoustic conditions. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of noise pollution on HSC vessels and proposes practical interventions to reduce exposure, improving overall maritime safety and occupational health.
Maritime Traffic Knowledge Discovery via Knowledge Graph Theory
Authors: Li Shibo , Xu Jiajun , Chen Xinqiang , Zhang Yajie , Zheng Yiwen , Postolache Octavian
Published: December 2024

Intelligent ships are a key focus for the future development of maritime transportation, relying on efficient decision-making and autonomous control within complex environments. To enhance the perception, prediction, and decision-making capabilities of these ships, the present study proposes a novel approach for constructing a time-series knowledge graph, utilizing real-time Automatic Identification System (AIS) data analyzed via a sliding window technique. By integrating advanced technologies such as knowledge extraction, representation learning, and semantic fusion, both static and dynamic navigational data are systematically unified within the knowledge graph. The study specifically targets the extraction and modeling of critical events, including variations in ship speed, course changes, vessel encounters, and port entries and exits. To evaluate the urgency of encounters, mathematical algorithms are applied to the Distance to Closest Point of Approach (DCPA) and Time to Closest Point of Approach (TCPA) metrics. Furthermore, the DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) clustering algorithm is employed to identify suitable docking berths. Additionally, multi-source meteorological data are integrated with ship dynamic data, providing a more comprehensive representation of the maritime environment. The resulting knowledge system effectively combines ship attributes, navigational status, event relationships, and environmental factors, thereby offering a robust framework for supporting intelligent ship operations.
Global Analysis of microRNA-like RNAs Reveals Differential Regulation of Pathogenicity and Development in Fusarium oxysporum HS2 Causing Apple Replant Disease
Authors: Zhao Ruxin , Suo Xiangmin , Meng Xianglong , Wang Yanan , Dai Pengbo , Hu Tongle , Cao Keqiang , Wang Shutong , Li Bo
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the expression profiles of microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) in Fusarium oxysporum HS2 (FoHS2), a key pathogen causing Apple replant disease (ARD), across spore to mycelium formation stages. Using small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) and bioinformatics, we identified and analyzed milRNAs, revealing their targeting of 2364 mRNAs involved in 20 functional categories, including metabolic and cellular processes, based on gene ontology (GO) analysis. An analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that these mRNAs are related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways. Notably, the highest number of differentially or specifically expressed milRNAs (DEmilRNAs/SEmilRNAs) was found during the spore stage, with FoHS2-milR19 targeting genes encoding histone acetyltransferases, methyltransferases, and cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), which are crucial for growth, development, and pathogenicity. We validated the reliability of our sRNA-seq data and the expression of target genes using stem-loop RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Our results highlight the stage-specific expression of milRNAs in FoHS2, particularly in the spore stage, suggesting a key role in regulating host life activities and providing a theoretical basis for developing RNA-based pesticides to control ARD.
Epidemiology, Clinical, Radiological and Biological Characteristics, and Outcomes of Mucormycosis: A Retrospective Study at a French University Hospital
Authors: Cartau Tom , Chantepie Sylvain , Thuillier-Lecouf Angélique , Langlois Bénédicte , Bonhomme Julie
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Mucormycosis is a rare but emerging and life-threatening infection caused by environmental mold, with a mortality rate of 30–70% despite progress in management. A better understanding could improve its management. Method: We conducted a single-center retrospective study of all cases of mucormycosis observed over a decade at the University Hospital of Caen. Results: Between 2014 and 2024, 18 cases of mucormycosis were identified, predominantly in males (n = 11, 65%). Most patients had hematological malignancies (n = 16, 89%). Seven cases were proven, and eleven were classified as probable. The main locations of infection were pulmonary (n = 12, 67%). Since 2021, we have observed an increase in the number of cases, rising from three between 2014 and 2021 to fifteen between 2021 and 2024. Among the 12 patients with pulmonary mucormycosis, all presented with fever except 1, and 67% required oxygen therapy. Chest computed tomography scans revealed an inverse halo sign in one-third of the patients. The first-line treatment consisted of amphotericin B in seventeen patients, posaconazole in one patient, and isavuconazole in one patient. Surgery was performed on seven patients. In cases of cutaneous mucormycosis, all patients underwent surgery, and none died within three months after the diagnosis. Overall, the three-month mortality rate was 39%. Surgical management was associated with a reduction in mortality (0% vs. 64%, p = 0.013). Conclusions: This study highlights the role of PCR for early diagnosis and the key role of surgery in improving clinical outcomes while underscoring the need for better-adapted therapeutic protocols for these rare infections.
Modification of the Surface Layer of Grey Cast Iron by Laser Heat Treatment
Authors: Paczkowska Marta
Published: December 2024

This paper presents possible modifications to the properties of grey cast iron by laser heat treatment. These modifications are analyzed especially with regard to wear properties as a result of graphite content, which is a well-known solid lubricant. Examples of applications of grey cast iron in cases where good wear resistance is required are presented. Laser hardening from the solid state, laser remelting, and laser alloying are characterized. In this study, changes in the surface layer caused by these treatments were analyzed (especially the influence on the microstructure—including graphite content—and wear properties). It was shown that all of these treatments enable the wear resistance of the surface layer to be enhanced, mostly due to the increase in the hardness and microstructure homogeneity. It was also proven that it is possible to retain the graphite phase (at least partially) in the modified surface layer, which is crucial in the case of friction wear resistance. In particular, laser hardening from the solid state does not eliminate graphite. Laser remelting and alloying cause the dilution of carbon from the graphite phase to the melted metal matrix, but, in the case of nodular cast iron, it is possible that not all of the valuable graphite in the surface layer is lost.
3-(4-Ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)cholic Acid
Authors: D’Annibale Valeria , Raglione Venanzio , Lisi Francesco , Verdirosi Elisa , Romagnoli Lorenza , Dini Danilo , Galantini Luciano , D’Annibale Andrea
Published: December 2024

Surfactants are very important compounds that are ubiquitous in biological systems and detergents. Among them, ferrocene surfactants are a very valuable class of stimuli-responsive materials since the presence of ferrocene moiety discloses the chance to control and even modify their amphiphilic properties via a redox-induced change in the surfactant charge. In this paper, we report a new ferrocene-based surfactant: a ferrocene C-3 derivative of cholic acid, a non-classical surfactant. The title compound of this work was meant to show the significant self-assembly behaviour typical of bile salts, improved by the presence of the aromatic ferrocene subunit. We intended to demonstrate that the presence of the redox mediator should provide the derivative with sensitivity to an oxidative stimulus and control over the aggregation properties. The title compound was prepared in two steps from easily accessible precursors, and its optical properties were investigated through UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The determination of its critical micellar concentration and redox potential confirmed this derivative’s amphiphilic nature and its tendency to be reversibly oxidized.
Trajectory Tracking of a 2-Degrees-of-Freedom Serial Flexible Joint Robot Using an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller Approach
Authors: Ramŕez-Neria Mario , Ochoa-Ortega Gilberto , Toro-Ossaba Alejandro , Hernandez-Martinez Eduardo G. , López-González Alexandro , Tejada Juan C.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the development of an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) to address the trajectory tracking problem of a 2DOF (Degrees of Freedom) Serial Flexible Robot. The proposed approach leverages differential flatness theory to determine the system’s flat output, simplifying the trajectory tracking problem into a linear state feedback control with disturbance rejection. A set of a Generalized Proportional Integral Observer (GPIO) and Luenberger observers is employed to estimate the derivatives of the flat output and both internal and external disturbances in real time. The control law is experimentally validated on a 2DOF Serial Flexible Robot prototype developed by Quanser. Quantitative results demonstrate that the ADRC achieves superior performance compared to a partial state feedback control scheme, with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) as low as 1.0651 × 10−5 rad2 for trajectory tracking. The ADRC effectively suppresses oscillations, minimizes high-frequency noise and reduces saturation effects, even under external disturbances. These findings underscore the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method for underactuated flexible systems.
Partial Metrics Viewed as w-Distances: Extending Some Powerful Fixed-Point Theorems
Authors: Romaguera Salvador , Tirado Pedro
Published: December 2024

Involving w-distances and hybrid contractions that combine conditions of the Ćirić type and Samet et al. type, we obtain some general fixed-point results for quasi-metric spaces from which powerful and significant fixed-point theorems on partial metric spaces are deduced as special cases. We present examples showing that our results are real generalizations of those corresponding to the partial metric case and we give an application to the study of recursive equations where the usual Baire partial metric on a domain of words is replaced with a suitable w-distance. Our approach is inspired on the nice fact, stated by Matthews, that every partial metric induces a weighted quasi-metric. Then, we define the notion of a strong w-distance and deduce that every partial metric is a symmetric strong w-distance for its induced weighted quasi-metric space.
Microbiome Structures and Beneficial Bacteria in Soybean Roots Under Field Conditions of Prolonged High Temperatures and Drought Stress
Authors: Gouli Sandeep , Majeed Aqsa , Liu Jinbao , Moseley David , Mukhtar M. Shahid , Ham Jong Hyun
Published: December 2024

Drought stress has a significant impact on agricultural productivity, affecting key crops such as soybeans, the second most widely cultivated crop in the United States. Endophytic and rhizospheric microbial diversity analyses were conducted with soybean plants cultivated during the 2023 growing season amid extreme weather conditions of prolonged high temperatures and drought in Louisiana. Specifically, surviving and non-surviving soybean plants were collected from two plots of a Louisiana soybean field severely damaged by extreme heat and drought conditions in 2023. Although no significant difference was observed between surviving and non-surviving plants in microbial diversity of the rhizosphere, obvious differences were found in the structure of the endophytic microbial community in root tissues between the two plant conditions. In particular, the bacterial genera belonging to Proteobacteria, Pseudomonas and Pantoea, were predominant in the surviving root tissues, while the bacterial genus Streptomyces was conspicuously dominant in the non-surviving (dead) root tissues. Co-occurrence patterns and network centrality analyses enabled us to discern the intricate characteristics of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within endophytic and rhizospheric networks. Additionally, we isolated and identified bacterial strains that enhanced soybean tolerance to drought stresses, which were sourced from soybean plants under a drought field condition. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the beneficial bacterial strains belong to the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Stenotrophomonas. Specific bacterial strains, particularly those identified as Acinetobacter pittii and Pseudomonas sp., significantly enhanced plant growth metrics and reduced drought stress indices in soybean plants through seed treatment. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the soybean-associated microbiome structure under drought stress, paving the way for future research to develop innovative strategies and biological tools for enhancing soybean resilience to drought.
Excessive Extracellular Ammonium Production by a Free-Living Nitrogen-Fixing Soil Clostridium sp. Strain
Authors: Park Soyeon , Jang Jeonghwan
Published: December 2024

A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, and obligate anaerobic bacterial strain OS1-26 was isolated from apple orchard soil in Iksan, South Korea. Interestingly, strain OS1-26 was observed to possess the functional genes involved in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), including nifH, which was actively transcribed during the anaerobic cultivation with excessive production of extracellular NH4+ despite of presence of other fixed N nutrients. The BNF of strain OS1-26 was distinguished from the other well-known Clostridium diazotrophs, such as C. pasteurianum and C. acetobutylicum. The altruistic N-fixing ability of the strain may play a pivotal role in providing N nutrients to the microbial community and plants in the soil ecosystem. The microorganism grew at 25–35 °C (optimum 30–35 °C) and pH 5.0–8.0 (optimum 6.0–8.0) but was not able to grow in the presence of >0.5% NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids of strain OS1-26 were C16:0, C14:0, and the summed feature consisted of C16:1 ω7c and C16:1 ω6c (35.63%, 25.29%, and 18.84%, respectively). The 16S rRNA phylogeny indicated that strain OS1-26 is a member of the genus Clostridium, and the closest species are C. aciditolerans, C. nitrophenolicum, and C. thailandense, with 16S rRNA sequence similarities such as 99.71%, 98.52%, and 98.45%, respectively. In spite of the high 16S rRNA sequence similarity, strain OS1-26 showed overall genomic relatedness, such as the average nucleotide identity (ANI), and phenotypical features distinctly different from Clostridium aciditolerans. Although the species taxonomy of strain OS1-26 is undetermined within the genus Clostridium based on overall genomic and phenotypic properties, further studies on the soil bacterial strain would enhance our understanding of its taxonomic identity, ecological roles for the terrestrial soil N cycle, and the potential to be developed as a biological N fertilizer.
Using Catalytic Models to Interpret Age-Stratified Lyme Borreliosis Seroprevalence Data: Can This Approach Help Provide Insight into the Full Extent of Human Infection Occurring at the Population Level?
Authors: Vyse Andrew , Colby Emily
Published: December 2024

Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (LB) is prone to under ascertainment with the true extent of infection unknown. Cross sectional age-stratified population-based serological survey data may provide insight into this issue. Using data from a previously published Dutch seroprevalence study, we describe the application of catalytic models to make estimates of the annual extent of LB infection. A common assumption when using catalytic models is that IgG is protective and immunity is lifelong. However, human IgG produced in response to natural LB infection does not protect against subsequent infection and its duration may be limited. Individuals were thus assumed to be continually susceptible to LB infection, with a range of scenarios used that varied the length of time that IgG may remain detectable, from 5 years post-infection to lifelong. The possibility that IgG may remain detectable for longer in adults than in children was also explored. Estimates for the annual number of LB infections occurring in the Dutch population ranged from 163,265 (95%CI 130,150–201,723) when assuming IgG remains detectable for only 5 years post-infection to 26,209 (95%CI 17,159–36,557) when assuming IgG is lifelong.
The Daunomycin: Biosynthesis, Actions, and the Search for New Solutions to Enhance Production
Authors: Pudhuvai Baveesh , Beneš Karel , Čurn Vladislav , Bohata Andrea , Lencova Jana , Vrzalova Radka , Barta Jan , Matha Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Daunorubicin (DNR) is an anthracycline antibiotic originating from soil-dwelling actinobacteria extensively used to treat malignant tumors. Over the decades, extensive attempts were made to enhance the production of anthracyclines by introducing genetic modifications and mutations in combination with media optimization, but the target production levels remain comparatively low. Developing an appropriate culture medium to maximize the yield of DNR and preventing autotoxicity for the producing organism remains a challenge. Our prospective review sheds light on a method involving perturbation that enhances the precursors to regulate the type II PKS pathway, enhancing cells’ capacity to increase secondary metabolite production. The suggested method also entails the preparation of culture media for the cultivation of Streptomyces sp. and enhanced yield of DNR, as well as making it inactive with iron or its reduced forms following efflux from the producer. The iron or iron–DNR complex is encapsulated by oleic acid or lipid micelle layers in the culture media, finally resulting in the generated inactive DNR and the DNR–iron–oil complex. This idea has the potential to protect the producer organism from autotoxicity and prevent the inhibition of metabolite production. The approach of substituting sugar with oil in culture media has a dual role wherein it promotes Streptomyces growth by utilizing lipids as an energy source and encapsulating the generated DNR–iron complex in the medium. In this review, we discussed aspects like anthracycline producers, biosynthesis pathways, and gene regulation; side effects of DNR; mechanisms for autotoxicity evasion; and culture media components for the enhancement of DNR production in Streptomyces sp. We anticipate that our work will help researchers working with secondary metabolites production and decipher a methodology that would enhance DNR yield and facilitate the extraction of the resulting DNR by lowering costs in large-scale fermentation.
Differences in the Microbial Composition and Function of the Arundo donax Rhizosphere Under Different Cultivation Conditions
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Miaomiao , Wang Xin , Hong Yuting , Yao Qiuju , Chang Xiaoke , Shi Gongyao , Chen Weiwei , Tian Baoming , Hegazy Abeer
Published: December 2024

Rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in the health and development of root systems. Investigating the microbial composition of the rhizosphere is central to understanding the inter-root microbial function of Arundo donax under various cultivation conditions. To complement the metagenomic study of the Arundo donax rhizosphere, here, an amplicon-based metagenomic survey of bacteria and fungi was selected as a practical approach to analyzing the abundance, diversity index, and community structure of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi, as well as to study the effects of different cultivation methods on rhizosphere microbial diversity. Next-generation sequencing and QIIME2 analysis were used. The results indicated that microbial community richness, diversity, and evenness of the hydroponic samples were lower than those of soil samples when examining the α diversity indices of bacteria and fungi using Chao1, ACE, and Shannon metrics. In particular, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Rhizobiales, and Incertae sedis in hydroponic materials were higher, while Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Actinobacteriota dominated the flora in soil materials when comparing the numbers of OTUs and the ACE community richness estimator. Furthermore, the rhizosphere of hydroponic A. donax contained a higher abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria, which contribute to root formation. Additionally, there was a significant presence of Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Actinobacteriota in soil A. donax, which can form hyphae. This reveals that the microbial community composition of the A. donax rhizosphere is significantly different under various cultivation conditions, suggesting that employing two distinct culturing techniques for Arundo donax may alter the microbiome. Furthermore, it provides technical support for the synergistic interaction between Arundo donax and rhizosphere microorganisms so as to better use the relationship between Arundo donax and basic microorganisms to solve the problems of Arundo donax growth and ecological restoration.
Sorption of Platinum and Palladium on Polyethylene Microplastics in Natural Water
Authors: Sajkowska Sylwia , Leśniewska Barbara
Published: December 2024

In this work, for the first time, the sorption behaviour of platinum and palladium on polyethylene microplastics (PE-MP) was studied. To simulate natural conditions, part of PE-MP was subjected to the ageing process in lake water under the influence of solar radiation. The original and aged PE-MP was characterised using elemental analysis, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, and nitrogen porosimetry methods. The studies on Pt and Pd sorption on PE-MP were carried out in batch mode in natural lake water at pH 7.6. It was found that the ageing process led to the degradation of the surface of the PE-MP and the formation of a biofilm. The sorption process of Pt and Pd on PE-MP particles proceeds according to pseudo-second-order kinetics. A good fit of the experimental data to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model indicates the mixed nature of Pt and Pd sorption on PE-MP. It was clearly indicated that Pt and Pd sorption from natural waters can occur on the surface of inert polyethylene particles, which can lead to the preconcentration of these elements, even from waters with a very low content, and transferring them over longer distances. This poses a threat to the health of living organisms and humans.
Interface Issues of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Current Status, Recent Advances, Strategies, and Prospects
Authors: Kuang Yongxin , Wu Yanxue , Zhang Hangyu , Sun Huapeng
Published: December 2024

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) hold significant promise in energy storage devices due to their low cost and abundant resources. Layered transition metal oxide cathodes (NaxTMO2, TM = Ni, Mn, Fe, etc.), owing to their high theoretical capacities and straightforward synthesis procedures, are emerging as the most promising cathode materials for SIBs. However, the practical application of the NaxTMO2 cathode is hindered by an unstable interface, causing rapid capacity decay. This work reviewed the critical factors affecting the interfacial stability and degradation mechanisms of NaxTMO2, including air sensitivity and the migration and dissolution of TM ions, which are compounded by the loss of lattice oxygen. Furthermore, the mainstream interface modification approaches for improving electrochemical performance are summarized, including element doping, surface engineering, electrolyte optimization, and so on. Finally, the future developmental directions of these layered NaxTMO2 cathodes are concluded. This review is meant to shed light on the design of superior cathodes for high-performance SIBs.
The Activity of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives in Nervous System Cancers
Authors: Okoń Estera , Kukula-Koch Wirginia , Jarząb Agata , Gaweł-Bęben Katarzyna , Bator Ewelina , Michalak-Tomczyk Magdalena , Jachuła Jacek , Antosiewicz-Klimczak Beata , Odrzywolski Adrian , Koch Wojciech , Wawruszak Anna
Published: December 2024

Primary and metastatic tumors of the nervous system represent a diverse group of neoplasms, each characterized by distinct biological features, prognostic outcomes, and therapeutic approaches. Due to their molecular complexity and heterogeneity, nervous system cancers (NSCs) pose significant clinical challenges. For decades, plants and their natural products with established anticancer properties have played a pivotal role in the treatment of various medical conditions, including cancers. Anthraquinone derivatives, a class of tricyclic secondary metabolites, are found in several botanical families, such as Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Rhamnaceae, and Rubiaceae. In a comprehensive review, recent advancements in the anticancer properties of 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives—such as emodin, aloe-emodin, hypericin, chrysophanol, rhein, and physcion—were analyzed. These compounds have been studied extensively, both used individually and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, using in vitro and in vivo models of nervous system tumors. It was demonstrated that 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives induce apoptosis and necrosis in cancerous cells, intercalate into DNA, disrupting transcription and replication in rapidly dividing cells, and alter ROS levels, leading to oxidative stress that damages tumor cells. Additionally, they can influence signaling pathways involved in oncogenesis, such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, or others crucial for the survival and the proliferation of NSC cells. The exploration of 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives aims to develop novel therapies that could overcome resistance and improve cancer patients’ outcomes.
Age-Dependent Analysis of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempts, and Suicides Associated with SSRI and SNRI Drugs Based on Pharmacovigilance Data
Authors: Schetz Daria , Sein Anand Jacek , Sein Anand Łukasz , Kocić Ivan
Published: December 2024

Background: Antidepressants such as SSRIs and SNRIs are widely prescribed; however, significant concerns exist regarding psychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs), particularly suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicides. This study analyzes pharmacovigilance (PhV) data from the EudraVigilance database to assess the frequency of psychiatric ADRs, including suicide-related events, associated with six commonly used antidepressants. Another aim of the study is to evaluate the utility of pharmacovigilance data in providing insights into real-world risks associated with medications, highlighting the importance of improving the ADR reporting system and ensuring the completeness and reliability of ADR reports. Methods: Data from December 2001 to September 2024 were analyzed for duloxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, venlafaxine, and sertraline. Reports were categorized by age, gender, and source, focusing on psychiatric ADRs and suicide-related events, including completed suicides and suicide attempts. Results: Psychiatric ADRs accounted for a substantial portion of total reported ADRs for the studied antidepressants, ranging from 33.9% to 38.2%. Venlafaxine had the highest count of psychiatric ADRs (13,134 cases), with duloxetine showing the highest relative percentage (38.2%). Completed suicides were most frequent with venlafaxine (1635 cases), while the highest percentage relative to total ADRs was observed for fluoxetine and citalopram (6%). ADRs occurred more frequently in women, particularly for duloxetine (67%) and sertraline (61.3%), and suicide attempts were prevalent in patients aged 18–64, with notable incidence in the 0–17 age group. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant patterns, risks, and underreporting of psychiatric ADRs associated with commonly prescribed antidepressants. Using EudraVigilance data and a worst-case scenario approach, it reveals the extent of suicide-related ADRs, age and gender disparities, and the impact of incomplete reporting on risk assessment.