bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Relationship of Smartphone Addiction on Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity Symptoms, and Sleep Quality Among University Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Zeyrek Ibrahim , Tabara Muhammed Fatih , Çakan Mahmut
Published: November 2024

Background

The prevalence of smartphone usage is steadily rising, leading to the potential development of addiction due to problematic use. This study examined the relationship between smartphone addiction, self‐perceived attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms, and sleep quality among 443 university students at Bingöl University.

Methods

Participants completed several questionnaires, including the Smartphone Addiction Scale‐Short Version, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale.

Results

This study examined 443 participants, with a mean age of 20.97 ± 3.29, of whom 72.7% (n = 322) were female. Results showed that the majority of participants primarily used smartphones (94.8%, n = 420) for social media browsing (49.9%, n = 221). Factors such as smoking, preference for smartphone screens, and prolonged screen exposure significantly affected sleep quality. Smartphone addiction rates were notable, with 50.4% (n = 61) of males and 47.2% (n = 152) of females being affected; this addiction was associated with poorer sleep quality. Correlations were found between age, sleep duration, and scores on smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and attention deficit scales. Linear regression analysis revealed that age, attention deficit scores, and sleep quality scores significantly influenced levels of smartphone addiction.

Conclusions

These findings contribute valuable insights into the impact of smartphone addiction on attention and sleep in university students.
Nucleic Acid Covalent Tags
Authors: Su Min , Peng Tao , Zhu Yingdi , Li Juan
Published: November 2024

The selective and site‐specific chemical labeling of proteins has emerged as a pivotal research area in chemical biology and cell biology. An effective protein labeling typically meets several criteria, including high specificity, rapid and robust conjugation under physiological conditions, operation at low concentrations with biocompatibility, and minimal perturbation of the protein function and activity. The conjugation of nucleic acids with proteins has garnered significant attention recently due to the rapid advancements in nucleic acid probe technologies, leveraging the programmable nature of nucleic acids alongside the multifaceted functionalities of proteins. It helps to convert protein‐specific information into nucleic acid signals, facilitating upstream versatile recognition and downstream signal amplification for the target protein. This review critically evaluates the recent progress in nucleic acid‐based protein labeling methodologies, with a specific focus on covalent labeling using aptamer tags, protein fusion tags or the technique of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. The tags establish covalent linkages with target proteins through various modalities such as small molecules or metabolic glycan engineering. The insights presented in the review highlight promising avenues for the development of highly specific and versatile protein labeling techniques, which is essential for the improvement of protein‐targeted detection and imaging across diverse biological contexts.
A Case of Bilateral Lower Limb Ischemia Due to Endograft Collapse From Type B Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Hiranuma Wakiko , Minagawa Tadanori , Shimizu Takuya , Kawamoto Shunsuke
Published: November 2024

Endograft collapse caused by aortic dissection is rare, but it might cause critical complications and sometimes lead to death. We present a case of bilateral lower limb ischemia caused by endograft collapse due to type B acute aortic dissection (TBAD). A 70‐year‐old man with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) that was treated by endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) 17 days prior returned to our hospital due to chest pain and bilateral lower limb paleness. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed an aortic dissection extending from the origin of the left subclavian artery to the terminal aorta. The main body of the endograft was compressed and the aneurysm was perfused by the false lumen. Additionally, the right leg of the endograft was occluded and the left one was collapsed. The patient was treated with axillo‐bifemoral bypass without any lower limb sequela. However, contrast‐enhanced CT performed at 2 months after the onset of the TBAD showed that the main body of the endograft was still collapsed, and the aneurysm was perfused by the false lumen of the dissection; thus, open AAA repair was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged without any complications. We successfully treated the patient with bilateral lower limb ischemia caused by endograft collapse due to TBAD after EVAR. The treatment should be considered on a case‐by‐case basis and an extra‐anatomical revascularization is one of the good treatment options.
Broadening the Catalytic Scope of the Peroxygenase Activity of a Bacterial Tyrosine Hydroxylase
Authors: Carraretto Davide , Alonso‐Cotchico Lur , Martin Caterina , Trajković Miloš , van Beek Hugo L. , Mattevi Andrea , Fraaije Marco W. , Lucas Maria Fatima , Lončar Nikola
Published: November 2024

Fungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs, EC 1.11.2.1) are known for their unique biocatalytic properties and have been extensively studied since their discovery more than two decades ago. UPOs have found a wide range of applications in various fields, such as bioremediation, drug metabolism, and synthetic organic chemistry. Nonetheless, the production of UPOs seems limited to fungal expression systems which makes enzyme engineering challenging. It would be attractive to have a peroxygenase available that is easily expressed in a bacterial host. Here, we report on the expression and engineering of a bacterial peroxygenase, tyrosine hydroxylase (TyrH, EC 1.11.2.6). With only two rounds of computer‐aided engineering, we have identified distal and active‐site mutations that improve enzymatic activities and substrate scope, respectively. The combination of these mutations in a single variant led to an effective peroxygenase, capable of indigo production and enantioselective sulfoxidation and which can be overexpressed in Escherichia coli.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Using Li4Ti5O12/TiO2 Nanocomposite‐Modified Graphite Felt Electrodes
Authors: Huang Zih‐Jhong , Manaye Kabtamu Daniel , Mebreku Demeku Aknachew , Chen Guan‐Cheng , Hsu Ning‐Yih , Ku Hung‐Hsien , Wang Yao‐Ming , Chiang Tai‐Chin , Wang Chen‐Hao
Published: November 2024

In this study, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and TiO2 nanocomposites uniformly were synthesized on the heat‐treated graphite felt through (HGF) hydrothermal and heat treatment methods, denoted by LTO/TiO2@HGF, which LTO/TiO2@HGF acts as effective electrocatalysts to enhance the electrochemical activity in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) systems. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the LTO/TiO2@HGF show higher peak current densities and smaller peak separation than TiO2@HGF, HGF, and pristine graphite felt (PGF) for catalyzing V2+/V3+ and VO₂+/VO2+, indicating superior electrochemical activity of LTO/TiO2@HGF. The VRFB using LTO/TiO2@HGF as the positive and negative electrodes demonstrates an energy efficiency of 82.89 % at 80 mA cm−2. When the VRFB using LTO/TiO2@HGF is applied by a high current density of 200 mA cm−2, it still shows an energy efficiency of 62.22 %. However, the VRFB using PGF cannot perform any performance, and the VRFB using HGF only performs 51.94 %. This improvement can be attributed to the uniform distribution of LTO/TiO2 nanowires on the surface of the graphite felt and the presence of oxygen vacancies on LTO/TiO2, which increased the number of active sites for vanadium ion absorption.
Quadruple Stimuli‐Responsive Behaviour of Acylhydrazone Crystals: Mechanical, Photomechanical, Thermomechanical, and Optical Waveguide Properties
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Ye Yang , Sun Ying , Wang Yuanhang , Du Haowen , Hao Hongxun , Xie Chuang
Published: November 2024

As society advances, the demand for high‐performance crystal materials with versatile stimuli‐responsive capabilities has increased. However, there remains a notable shortage of simple molecular crystals that exhibit stable and swift responses to various stimuli. In this study, we synthesized a novel acylhydrazone crystal by integrating benzene‐fused heterocycles and halogens, achieving a crystal material with multiple stimuli‐responsive behaviours. The crystal demonstrates good mechanical flexibility, capable of with standing a strain of 2.3 % under applying mechanical force and recovering its original shape after force removal. Crystal structure analysis reveals this property is due to the strong and flexible intermolecular interactions. It also exhibits rapid photomechanical bending away from light source under UV irradiation, which could be attributed to the facile photoisomerization. Moreover, the crystal undergoes significant thermomechanical transitions, including cracking and jumping, upon heating. Additionally, the prepared crystal exhibits passive optical waveguide of red light at 640 nm, which, combining the photomechanical bending, can achieve controllable light output direction. These multi‐stimuli‐responsive behaviors make the acylhydrazone crystal a promising candidate for applications in multifunctional sensors, optoelectronic devices, and thermal switches. This work provides a helpful reference for the study of potential crystal material design and functionality of advanced responsive systems.
Synthesis of Polysubstituted Vinyl Sulfones by Direct C−S Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Huang Tian‐Sih , Chen Chun‐Lin , Tsai Ming‐Hsuan , Chen Yu‐Chi , Hsu Che‐Sheng
Published: November 2024

Vinyl sulfones are valued for their unique chemical properties and bioactivity, but creating a wide range of different analogs remains a challenge. To address this limitation, we have developed a novel approach that facilitates the synthesis of polysubstituted vinyl sulfones. This method utilizes the dual functionality of NIS as a promoter that enables sulfonation and elimination in the synthesis of vinyl sulfones. We used the broad applicability, efficiency, selectivity, and functional group tolerance of this approach to synthesize more than 70 examples. Additionally, competition experiments have provided insights into the reactivity and selectivity of the transient sulfonyl radical towards various C−C multiple bonds. Herein, we describe using this mild protocol in the late‐stage vinyl sulfonation of complex molecules to simplify the synthesis of specific targets and enable the modification of complex natural products and advanced materials.
Radical Functionalization of 1,6‐Diene via Transannular Cyano Migration: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Cyclopentanes†
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Chen Yasu , Zhu Chen
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive Summary

An efficient transannular cyano migration is reported for gem‐dicyano‐1,6‐diene, which is triggered by the addition of external arylsulfonyl radicals. The overall transformation proceeds through a sequence of intramolecular 5‐exo‐trig cyclization, suprafacial 1,4‐cyano migration, and the capture by H or D atom, leading to the production of valuable polysubstituted cyclopentanes under mild photoredox catalytic conditions. The reaction is adapted to a wide range of sodium (hetero)arylsulfinates, demonstrating good functional group compatibility. This method provides a new protocol for radical‐mediated functional group migration.
A TEMPO−N3 Complex Enables the Electrochemical C−H Azidation of N−Heterocycles through the Cleavage of Alkoxyamines
Authors: Biswas Sumit , Ghosh Subhadeep , Das Indrajit
Published: November 2024

A TEMPO−N3 charge‐transfer complex enables the electrochemical C−H azidation of various N−heterocycles. The TEMPO+ ion, generated from TEMPO, assists in producing N3⋅ by forming a TEMPO−N3 complex with N3−. The formation of this complex is supported by UV−vis absorption spectra, cyclic voltammetry studies, and ESI−HRMS studies. The reaction likely proceeds by forming a highly labile azidooxygenation adduct, which undergoes oxidative alkoxyamine mesolytic cleavage. Subsequent deprotonation of the resulting carbocation exclusively produces the azidation product. It is important to note that substituted olefins generally yield azidooxygenation or diazidation as the final product. Our study demonstrates that N‐heterocycles deliver a selective monoazidation product, possibly due to steric reasons. ESI−HRMS studies provide evidence for forming azidooxygenation and alkoxyamine radical cation adducts. The regio‐ and chemoselectivity of this azidation reaction using the TEMPO−N3 complex have been discussed.
Performance of Heterogeneous Multiuser Underwater Acoustic‐Terrestrial RF Network With Outdated CSI and Receiver Diversity
Authors: Bhatnagar Romya , Garg Parul
Published: November 2024

In this paper, an outdated channel state information‐based heterogeneous wireless communication system is analyzed, which involves an underwater multiuser acoustic sensor network, decode‐and‐forward relay, and terrestrial radio frequency destination with multiple antennas. The outdated channel state information is an utmost parameter to deal with practical conditions of underwater environment as well as of the terrestrial environment. Due to this fact, each channel is constrained to this factor in our investigation. The underwater acoustic network takes advantage of multiuser diversity based on generalized selection user scheduling, where the best user is chosen out of several active acoustic sources to continue transmitting data via relay to the destination. To boost system performance, the destination makes the use of the maximal ratio combining strategy. Moreover, each channel follows Rayleigh fading model. The closed form expressions of outage probability and average bit error rate are obtained along with their asymptotic results under the practical scenarios. The ergodic capacity and its upper bound expressions are also derived. Further, analytical results are verified with Monte‐Carlo simulation.
Survey among experts on the future role of tau‐PET in clinical practice and trials
Authors: Vermeiren Marie R. , Calandri Ismael L. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , van de Giessen Elsmarieke , Ossenkoppele Rik
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Recent advancements in Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker research and clinical trials prompt reflection on the value and consequently appropriate use of tau positron emission tomography (tau‐PET) in the future.

METHODS

We conducted an online survey among dementia and PET experts worldwide to investigate the anticipated future role of tau‐PET in clinical practice and trials.

RESULTS

Two hundred sixty‐eight dementia experts, comprising 143 clinicians and 121 researchers, covering six continents participated. The vast majority (90%) fostered a positive attitude toward the added value of tau‐PET in clinical practice, particularly for staging, diagnosing, monitoring, and prognostication in a cognitively impaired memory clinic population. Experts anticipated an important role for tau‐PET for participant selection (76%–100%) and measuring endpoints (75%–97%), in both anti‐amyloid and anti‐tau drug trials.

DISCUSSION

Our global survey study shows that dementia experts envision an important role for tau‐PET in the future, both in clinical practice and in drug trials, beyond current guidelines and practices.

Highlights

Dementia experts envision an important role for tau‐PET in the future.

Experts indicate that a tau‐PET scan could influence patient management.

Experts anticipate the utility of tau‐PET for participant selection and endpoints in drug trials.

There is a gap between the anticipated usefulness of tau‐PET and current clinical practices.
New Dichalcogenides Induce Oxidative Stress and Cell Death of Leishmania amazonensis
Authors: Valente Andressa Dalólio , de Farias Rian Richard Santos , Zugman Tay Takeshita Botogoske , Piovan Leandro , Nakamura Celso Vataru , Garcia Francielle Pelegrin
Published: November 2024

Leishmaniasis are caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and affect millions of people worldwide. They are considered neglected diseases that primarily impact individuals in tropical and subtropical regions. The drugs currently available for treating this infection have limitations, such as high toxicity, adverse reactions, and a long therapeutic intervention period. Numerous studies, using various experimental models, have sought to develop more effective and less toxic chemotherapeutic agents against these protozoa. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of two new dichalcogenides, LQ64 and LQ62, as well as their possible mechanism of action in promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Both substances, LQ64 and LQ62, exhibited activity against promastigote (IC50 = 2.35 and 12.59 µM, respectively), and amastigote forms (IC50 = 3.50 and 6.58 µM, respectively). Furthermore, the substances revealed selectivity for the parasite when analyzing their cytotoxicity in J774A‐1 macrophages. Moreover, electron microscopy analysis and mechanisms of action assays investigated in promastigote forms with both substances showed mitochondrial depolarization. This phenomenon possibly promoted changes in intracellular ATP levels, resulting in increased reactive species and lipid peroxidation, leading the parasites to oxidative stress. Additionally, the treatments induced changes in plasma membrane integrity, lipid body accumulation, alterations in the cell cycle, and phosphatidylserine externalization. Thus, the results indicate that LQ64 and LQ62 may induce characteristic changes in the protozoan suggestive of apoptosis cell death.
Microscopical Observation and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Effects of High‐Altitude Ecosystem in the Qualities of Different Genetic Varieties Brassica napus Resources
Authors: Zhang Zongji , Li Xionghua , Ming Ri , Lu Yingying , Lin Qinwen , Yang Yafei , Liao Jialin , Li Yunjuan , Mao Lingli , Huang Yang , Zhong Li , Liang Yu
Published: November 2024

Improving the biomass and nutritional quality of Brassica napus is important for its breeding and resource conservation, but there are few studies on the effects of high altitude on its biomass and quality. In this study, 27 varieties of Brassica napus were cultivated both at 1600 m and 150 m altitudes to investigate the effect of different altitudes in the biomass and quality traits of B. napus. At high altitude, all B. napus varieties exhibited decreased picking period, reduced fresh and dry weights, diminished stem length and diameter, as well as lowered nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and kalium (K) contents. The soluble sugar and cellulose contents of some varieties decreased, while ascorbic acid and protein increased by 74% and 85%, respectively. Furthermore, histology microscopical observation showed cell size increased and cell density decreased in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) after bolting and at high altitude, compared to those cells before bolting and at low altitude. Transcriptome analysis showed that sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SUS), fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase (FBA1), and alpha‐galactosidase (AGAL2) genes were significantly up‐regulated during the after‐bolting period at different altitude. This study will be helpful to further understand the influence of high altitude ecosystem on biomass and quality for Brassica napus resource and evolution.
How often are ecosystems top‐down controlled? Experiments in grassland, grasshopper, and bird systems over time and space
Authors: Belovsky Gary E. , Slade Jennifer B.
Published: November 2024

Ecosystems are frequently considered to be controlled by predation (top‐down). Experiments examined this in four bird/spider/grasshopper/prairie habitats over 34 years, employing in each habitat three 100 m2 bird exclosures and controls (121 habitat/year cases) where plant, grasshopper, and spider abundances were measured. Top‐down control (plants decrease and grasshoppers increase with bird exclusion) was observed in only 13.2% of cases, while plants increased and grasshoppers decreased in 33.1% of cases, plants decreased and grasshoppers decreased in 25.6% of cases, and plants increased and grasshoppers increased in 28.1% of cases. Therefore, top‐down control was not common and system responses were not constant, but varied among sites, years, and directionally over time with climate change. This diversity of responses is expected given the variety of underlying processes in complex ecosystems. For example, decision tree/discriminant analysis found that plant decreases and increases with bird exclusion were correctly identified in 78.3% of cases by grasshopper hatchling abundance, plant cover, and annual net primary production (ANPP), while grasshopper decreases and increases with bird exclusion were correctly identified in 76.7% of cases by edible plant biomass per grasshopper hatchling, grasshopper hatchling abundance, and large grasshopper abundance. Analysis of other system‐wide terrestrial trophic experiments indicates that the variety of responses observed by us over time and space may be common so that system‐wide trophic responses may, in general, be more variable than either top‐down or bottom‐up as often considered.
Synthesis and Characterization of Well‐Defined s‐Block Bis(Carbene) Complexes
Authors: Bhandari Mamta , Yruegas Sam
Published: November 2024

Although the chemistry of monodentate N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with s‐block metals has been investigated, the coordination chemistry of phenyl dicarbene (CCC=bis(diisopropylphenyl‐imidazol‐2‐ylidenemethyl)phenyl) complexes remains largely underexplored. We report the synthesis and characterization of the free phenyl dicarbene precursors (BrCCCDipp and BrCCCMes) and the ensuing reactivity with Grignard reagents (3,5‐(CF3)2‐Ph)MgBr and MeMgCl to afford the cyclic dimeric complexes, (BrCCCDippMg3,5‐(CF3)2PhBr)2, (BrCCCMesMg3,5‐(CF3)2PhBr)2, and (BrCCCDippMgMeCl)2. Further exploration of various routes to activate the central C−Br bond of the ligands with alkali metals resulted in isolation of the respective NHC adducts of LiN(SiMe3)2 and KN(SiMe3)2. Notably, these studies imply that flexibility of the pincer framework engenders dimeric complexes of s‐block precursors over the monomeric complexes. The identity of the complexes was ascertained using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography.
Experimental Study of Imbibition Characteristics During the Soaking Stage After Fracturing in Tight Reservoirs
Authors: Zhao Hailong , Xu Long , Liu Ziqing , Wu Shanglin , Gong Houjian , Li Yajun , Sun Hai , Dong Mingzhe
Published: November 2024

The soaking stage is vital for oil production after fracturing in tight reservoirs. However, the roles and contributions of spontaneous imbibition (SI) and forced displacement imbibition (FDI) during this stage are poorly understood. This study gave an in‐depth insight on the imbibition characteristics during the soaking stage under non‐zero initial water saturation conditions by static soaking and dynamic waterflooding of the core. The results indicate that the fluid absorbed by SI in the core is short‐ranged. After SI, there is still a substantial amount of remain oil (30.7%) that can be displaced by subsequent FDI. SI considerably drives oil recovery in small pores (10–100 nm), whereas FDI is more effective in large pores (500–1000 nm). Controlling the rate of fracturing water flowing into the matrix from the fracture can enhance the combined effect of SI and FDI. For reservoirs with high initial water saturation, enhancing FDI effect during the soaking stage is favorable for oil production.
Sustainable Hydrogen Storage and Methanol Synthesis Through Solar‐Powered Co‐Electrolysis Using SOEC
Authors: Khan Muhammad Sajid , Abid Muhammad , Chen Chen , Zaini Juliana Hj , Ratlamwala Tahir , Alqahtani Ali Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Syngas rich in hydrogen, generated through renewable‐powered co‐electrolysis of water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), have gained significant attention due to its high efficiency and conversion rates. This method offers a promising solution for mitigating global warming and reducing CO2 emissions by enabling the storage of intermittent renewable energy. This study investigates solar‐integrated co‐electrolysis of H2O and CO2 via SOEC to produce hydrogen‐rich syngas, which is then utilized for methanol synthesis through a series of heat exchangers and compressors. Parabolic dish solar collectors supply thermal energy, while photovoltaic modules provide electricity for SOEC operation. CO2 from industrial processes is captured and combined with steam at the SOEC inlet for co‐electrolysis. The proposed system is modeled using engineering equation solver software, incorporating mass, energy, and exergy balance equations. The system's performance is analyzed by varying key parameters such as direct normal irradiance, heat exchanger effectiveness, current density, cell temperature, and pressure. The proposed system achieves a solar‐to‐fuel efficiency of 29.1%, with a methanol production rate of 41.5 kg per hour. Furthermore, an economic analysis was conducted to determine the levelized cost of fuel.
Astrocytic GAT‐3 Regulates Synaptic Transmission and Memory Formation in the Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Shen Weida , Chen Fujian , Tang Yejiao , Zhou Wen , Zhao Yulu , Li Xinrui , Dong Jingyin , Zhu Feng , Chen Shishuo , Zeng Ling‐Hui
Published: November 2024

GABAergic network activity plays a crucial role in a wide array of physiological processes and is implicated in various pathological conditions. While extensive research has been conducted on how GABAergic network activity modulates both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the CA1 region, the mechanisms by which it influences synaptic transmission in the entorhinal cortex‐dentate gyrus (EC‐DG) circuits are still largely unexplored. Using a combination of whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings, optogenetics, immunohistochemistry, and behavioral assays, we demonstrate that activation of GABA transporter 3 (GAT‐3) in astrocytes triggers an increase in intracellular Ca2+ via the reverse Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. Intriguingly, inhibiting GAT‐3 impedes the GABA‐induced elevation of astrocytic Ca2+ levels, thereby curtailing the subsequent enhancement of synaptic transmission. Additionally, we show that endogenously released GABA from interneurons also modulates synaptic transmission through GAT‐3 in the DG. Crucially, by selectively diminishing astrocytic calcium signals, we observed a concomitant decrease in the GABA‐induced enhancement of synaptic transmission, underscoring the crucial role of astrocytes in this regulatory pathway. Moreover, we found that the activation of GAT‐3 enhances excitatory transmission via presynaptic GluN2B‐containing N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (GluN2B‐NMDARs) in the DG. Finally, our in vivo experiments demonstrate that inhibiting GAT‐3 adversely affects the formation of contextual fear memory, highlighting its pivotal role in cognitive processing. These findings underscore the significance of astrocytic GAT‐3 in cognitive functions and offer valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for cognitive impairments, opening new avenues for the treatment of related disorders.
Political Environment, Banking Liquidity, and Banking Crises: A Mediation Analysis From Panel Data
Authors: Attila Joseph
Published: November 2024

The objective of this paper is twofold. (i) First, we examine whether the political environment affect bank liquidity. (ii) Then, we investigate whether the political environment's impact on banking crises is mediated through bank liquidity. Utilizing a panel dataset comprising of more than 140 countries from 1984 to 2017, we find that prolonged tenures of executive leadership correspond to lower banking liquidity. This outcome is probably offset by the finding that countries governed by right‐wing or majority governments tend to exhibit higher levels of bank liquidity. Our analyzes using the Karlson‐Holm‐Breen (KHB) mediation method suggest that the political environment does influence directly banking crises. Tentative results suggest the indirect effect is mediated to some extent through banking liquidity and probably more through credit growth or interaction effects.
Double‐Negative T Cells Promote Liver Fibrosis Progression by Regulating Treg/Th17
Authors: Han Chenyang , Qian Xiaoying , Pei Hongyan , Zhang Caiqun , Wang Jin , Zhou Xiaohong , Li Wenyan , Yang Yi , Wu Shasha
Published: November 2024

We investigated the mechanism whereby double‐negative T cells (DNTs) regulate Treg/Th17 balance to promote the progression of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. Mouse DNTs were isolated, amplified and injected. The proportions of iTreg (CDF4+CD25+Foxp3+) and Th17 (CD4+IL‐17A+) in peripheral mononuclear cells, spleen and liver were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the cytokine levels were determined through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). DNTs could promote the Th17 differentiation and inhibit the iTreg differentiation. The role of DNTs in promoting liver fibrosis progression and tissue inflammation was exerted through activation of IκBa. The use of IL‐17A monoclonal antibody enabled suppression of the DNTs effects, reduction of the Th17 proportion and alleviation of liver fibrosis. Hal could suppress the Th17 differentiation and the effect of DNTs. DNTs can promote the Th17 differentiation through IL‐17A and inhibit iTreg differentiation, thereby facilitating the liver fibrosis progression and microenvironmental inflammation. DNTs are a kind of important immunocytes that promote the liver fibrosis progression.
A GIMEMA survey on therapeutic use and response rates of FLT3 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia: Insights from Italian real‐world practice
Authors: Messina Monica , Piciocchi Alfonso , Siena Leonardo M. , Soddu Stefano , Buccisano Francesco , Mecucci Cristina , Martinelli Giovanni , Curti Antonio , Cairoli Roberto , Fazi Paola , Vignetti Marco , Voso Maria Teresa , Venditti Adriano , Candoni Anna
Published: November 2024

Given the limited data on the real‐life therapeutic use of feline McDonough sarcoma (FMS)‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitors in Italy, we surveyed investigators at 59 Italian hematology centers to gain insight into the proportion of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients receiving FLT3 inhibitors and we collected data on the efficacy and safety of these agents. The survey results showed that in the real‐life setting the response rate of the 3/7 + midostaurin regimen in newly diagnosed FLT3‐mutated AML and of gilteritinib in the relapsed/refractory AML were comparable to that reported in the registrative clinical trials. The 3/7 + midostaurin treatment resulted in a 63% of complete remission (CR) rates and gilteritinib in a 44% of CR rates. The discontinuation rate of gilteritinib for intolerance or toxicity was low (accounting for 4% of treated cases).
Development of a novel tool for individual treatment trials in mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Wiesinger Anna‐Maria , Bigger Brian , Giugliani Roberto , Lampe Christina , Scarpa Maurizio , Moser Tobias , Kampmann Christoph , Zimmermann Georg , Lagler Florian B.
Published: November 2024

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) encompasses a group of genetic lysosomal storage disorders, linked to reduced life expectancy and a significant lack of effective treatment options. Immunomodulatory drugs could have the potential to be a relevant medical approach, as the accumulation of undegraded substances initiates an innate immune response, which leads to inflammation and clinical deterioration. However, immunomodulators are not licensed for this indication. Consequently, we aim to provide evidence advocating fast access to innovative individual treatment trials (ITTs) with immunomodulatory drugs and high‐quality evaluation of drug effects by implementing a risk–benefit model tailored for MPS. The iterative methodology of our novel decision analysis framework (DAF) involves three key steps: (i) literature review on promising treatment targets and immunomodulators in MPS; (ii) quantitative risk–benefit assessment (RBA) of selected molecules; (iii) assigning phenotypic profiles and quantitative evaluations. The results facilitate a personalized application of the model and are based on published evidence as well as interdisciplinary experts' consensus and patient perspectives. Four promising immunomodulators have been identified: adalimumab, abatacept, anakinra, and cladribine. An improvement in mobility is most likely with adalimumab, while anakinra is anticipated as a treatment of choice for neuronopathic MPS patients. Nevertheless, a comprehensive RBA should always be completed on an individual basis. Our evidence‐based DAF tool for ITTs directly addresses the substantial unmet medical need in MPS and characterizes an initial stride toward precision medicine with immunomodulators.
Do Theoretical Assumptions of Geographic Profiling Hold When Scrutinising Commuter Serial Rape Offenders in South Africa?
Authors: Glass Dion , Herbig Friedo
Published: November 2024

Geographic profiling (GP) can be regarded as vital within the apparatus of investigating serial offenders. Since prevailing theories focus on offenders emanating from developed countries, the aim of this study was to examine, amongst others, the uncertainty that exists regarding their relevance in the South African context. This study, therefore, focused on South African commuter serial rapists and, in particular, their correlation with distance decay, the least effort principle, and buffer zones. While the overall data revealed a strong link between theories related to crime pattern, routine activity, awareness, and activity space, theories about distance decay, buffer zones, and the least effort principle had far weaker associations. Fundamentally, the study challenged existing assumptions that a commuter serial rapist profile could not be determined prematurely in an investigation, highlighting the ability to distinguish commuter offenders based on their directional behaviour within their convex hull(s). The research found that understanding these distinctions underscores the need for a theoretical perspective that better grasps the spatial reality of crime in this context.
Effect of drying methods and variety on the chemical composition, functional, and microbial properties of date flour
Authors: Ujong Anim Ekpo , Emelike Nkechi Juliet Tamuno , Ofiks Awajiteleyem , Ohanehi Helen Amarachukwu , Olumide Blessing Akang
Published: November 2024

Background

Dates are highly perishable fruits, and maintaining their quality during storage is essential for both commercial viability and consumer satisfaction. One effective strategy for preserving their nutritional and functional properties is through drying, which reduces moisture content and inhibits microbial growth while concentrating essential nutrients. This study compared the impact of three drying methods (sun drying, hot air oven drying, and cabinet drying) on the chemical, functional, and microbial properties of date flour. The flesh of two date varieties, Amber and Sukkari, was processed by washing, drying at 65°C, milling, and sieving to obtain fine flour, which was then subjected to analysis.

Results

The results revealed that fat (5.35 ± 0.07%), protein (10.50 ± 0.00%), and crude fiber (8.57 ± 0.59%) contents were higher in hot‐air oven‐dried amber date fruit. Moisture (12.94 ± 0.63%), ash (2.37 ± 0.03%), and vitamin C (0.024 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) contents were reported to be higher in sun‐dried Sukkari date due to the slower drying process and exposure to lower drying temperatures during sun drying, which allows for minimal thermal degradation of heat‐sensitive compounds like vitamin C. Oven‐dried Amber date powder displayed greater water absorption (1.10 mL/g) and solubility (66.60%). In terms of microbial analysis, both hot air oven‐dried Amber and Sukkari dates had the lowest total viable count (1.19 × 105 and 9.45 × 104 CFU/mL, respectively).

Conclusion

Hot air oven drying is a suitable method for drying date fruit as it results in the highest retention of protein, fiber, and ash content while also maintaining low moisture levels, reducing microbial growth, and improving shelf life.
Clinical Phenotypic Characterization of the SLC26A4 Mutation in Pendred Syndrome/Nonsyndromic Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct
Authors: Zhuang Boxiang , Du Haiqiao , Chen Chenyu , Li Menghua , Kang Shuoshuo , Wang Qian , Wang Shuwei , Guo Weiwei , Lin Chang , Li Jianan , Yang Shiming , Wang Rong
Published: November 2024

Objective

To summarize the Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 4 (SLC26A4) mutations and clinical phenotypic characteristics of patients with Pendred syndrome/nonsyndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct (PS/NSEVA).

Design

A retrospective cohort study for the Chinese population was performed to analyze the hearing test results of 406 patients with PS/NSEVA who had a SLC26A4 mutation and the relationship between inner ear imaging and audiology.

Results

There was a significant difference in the mean hearing threshold in patients with biallelic mutations (M2), monoallelic mutations (M1), and nonallelic mutations (M0) and between patients with isolated vestibular aqueduct enlargement (IEVA) and patients with IEVA combined with Mondini malformation. There was no significant difference between patients with different gene mutation types or different sexes, or between the width of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) and the mean hearing threshold. The degree of hearing loss was linearly correlated with age.

Conclusions

We propose that the presence and absence of SLC26A4 mutation, whether combined with Mondini malformation and patient age, are essential factors affecting the degree of hearing loss in the Chinese population. However, the number and type of mutations, degree of VA expansion, and sex of the patients did not affect the clinical audiological phenotype.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:848–856, 2025
Collaborating for growth: Insights from Publisherspeak UK 2024, a scholarly publishing community gathering – part 2
Authors: Venkataramani Ravi , Mahadevan Sowmya , Ramkumar Arun , De Boer Jason , Krishnan Janani , Russell Louise , Anderton Sophia , Burley Caroline , Cockburn Emily , Kelly Joe
Published: November 2024

Key points

Publisherspeak UK 2024, sponsored by Kriyadocs, fostered collaboration among stakeholders to address scholarly publishing challenges.

The environmental sustainability session focused on balancing economic priorities with environmental goals to reduce carbon footprints.

The session on research communities focused on strategies to enhance stakeholder engagement and support participation in the publishing ecosystem.

Delegates discussed challenges in balancing institutional and individual priorities, focusing on strategies that promote inclusivity and diversity.
On building community in scholarly publishing: Modern ambitions and actions inspired by ancient wisdoms
Authors: Henry Christie
Published: November 2024

Key points

Community ecology: there are parallels between ecological communities and publishing communities, each flourishes with interconnectedness and reciprocity.

People‐centric approach: the people of publishing are essential to building and maintaining publishing communities, especially in the age of AI and global fragmentation.

Books as community builders: books have historically brought people together and continue to do so, from ancient times to modern book clubs and social media.

Leadership and community building: building community takes intention, time and skills, and publishing could benefit from prioritizing community building skills in publishing leadership roles and job descriptions.
Fully Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Metal‐Free Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Organic Transformations
Authors: Liu Yuanbo , Lu Yi , Hou Yuxin , Xiao Xiao , Yue Huijuan , Liu Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

Photoactive conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have recently received huge attention in photocatalytic organic transformations owing to their adjustable structure and functionality. However, commonly reported CMPs are synthesized through metal catalyzed coupling reactions, which require complicated product separation and result in increased costs. In this study, two sp2 carbon‐linked CMPs are constructed by organic base induced Knoevenagel reaction using 2,6‐dimethylbenzo[1,2‐d:4,5‐d']bisoxazole and aromatic polyaldehydes as co‐monomers. The new benzobisoxazole‐based polymer materials feature fully π‐conjugated skeleton with broad visible‐light absorption, permanent porosity as well as outstanding stability. Importantly, they can effectively induce many organic reactions such as C‐3 thiocyanation of indoles under visible‐light illumination and show broad substrate applicability and superior recyclability.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide protects STAT1 from oxidative stress‐induced degradation to prevent colorectal tumorigenesis
Authors: Li Ting , Luo Chengting , Liu Zongyuan , Li Jinyu , Han Meng , Zhang Ran , Chen Yuling , Deng Haiteng
Published: November 2024

Colitis, accompanied by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intestinal tract, is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Our previous studies indicate that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) replenishment reduces chronic inflammation. In this study, we confirm that NMN supplementation reduces inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative tissue damage in an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)‐induced colitis‐associated cancer (CAC) model. Mice treated with NMN developed fewer colon tumors than untreated animals under the same AOM/DSS treatment conditions. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed a decrease in signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) expression in the CAC model. We demonstrate that STAT1 overexpression induces G1 arrest by downregulating CDK6 expression and suppressing tumor cell proliferation and migration. Of note, H2O2 induced trioxidation of the STAT1 protein and promoted its degradation, which was partially reversed by NMN supplementation. Upon H2O2 treatment, Cys155 in STAT1 was oxidized to sulfonic acid, whereas the mutation of Cys155 to alanine abolished ROS‐mediated STAT1 degradation. These results indicate that oxidative stress induces STAT1 degradation in tumor cells and possibly in CAC tissues, whereas supplementation with NMN protects STAT1 from oxidation‐induced degradation and prevents tumorigenesis. This study provides experimental evidence for the development of NMN‐mediated chemoprevention strategies for CRC.
Analysis of Dynamic Problems in Fully Saturated Porous Media Using an Embedded Velocity Integration Formulation With an Adaptive Runge–Kutta Method
Authors: Sunten J. , Schwarz A. , Bluhm J. , Schröder J.
Published: November 2024

This contribution presents a dynamic binary Theory of Porous Media (TPM) model using an embedded velocity integration (EVI) formulation. The inclusion of dynamic effects into a TPM model leads to an increase in the number of unknown quantities and may also limit the choice of fitting time integration methods. By switching to a velocity formulation the amount of unknown quantities is kept to a minimum and the necessity of a time integration scheme being able to produce a second material time derivative is avoided. The used EVI formulation was verified and its advantage concerning computational time was shown by a comparison to a classic approach by Diebels and Ehlers. Both approaches were simulated with an adaptive, embedded, stiffly accurate, explicit, singly, diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (saESDIRK) time integration method to decrease the computational time even more.
Early Septoplasty Versus Closed Reduction for Acute Nasoseptal Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Wadsworth Elizabeth W. , Duckett Kelsey A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Patel Krishna G.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Accurate management of acute nasoseptal fractures can mitigate cosmetic and functional complications. There is a lack of consensus on the ideal approach to manage acute nasoseptal fractures, which are often addressed with closed nasal and/or septal reduction (CN/SR) but sometimes addressed using an open approach with septoplasty. We aimed to systematically assess and compare outcomes of CN/SR versus open approaches to treat acute nasoseptal fractures.

Data Sources

PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL.

Review Methods

Studies evaluating outcomes of adults with acute nasoseptal fractures treated within 3 weeks of injury with either CN/SR or open approach were included. Meta‐analysis was performed to examine the pooled frequency of complications including persistent obstruction, cosmetic deformity, and need for revision surgery.

Results

Of 1630 unique articles identified, 27 were included (63% retrospective, 29.6% prospective, 7.4% randomized controlled trial). Data included 1117 patients (n = 712 CN/SR, n = 423 open approach), with a mean age of 30.5 years. Patients who underwent CN/SR only were more likely to experience persistent obstruction compared to patients who underwent open approach (22.2% [95% confidence interval, CI, 8.7%‐39.5%] vs 5.9% [95% CI, 2.4%‐10.7%], P < .0001). Patients who underwent CN/SR were more likely to require revision surgery within 3 years (30.9% [95% CI, 15.8%‐48.4%] vs 6.0% [95% CI, 3.3%‐9.9%], P < .0001.

Conclusion

Patients with nasoseptal fractures who underwent open septoplasty in the acute period were less likely to experience complications. Prospective trials are needed to confirm results of this meta‐analysis.
Refractory Chronic Cough: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review for Otolaryngologists
Authors: Lilly Gabriela L. , Carroll Thomas , Pietsch Kristine , Dhillon Vaninder , Bryson Paul C. , Akst Lee M.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Patients with refractory chronic cough (RCC) are being seen in increasing numbers within otolaryngology clinics. Identifying the next steps in the evaluation and management of cough in patients who have had first‐line treatment for gastroesophageal reflux, sinonasal disease, pulmonary disease, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor‐related cough is paramount. This state‐of‐the‐art review focuses on emerging treatments for RCC from an otolaryngology perspective.

Data Sources

Pubmed.

Review Methods

The available literature on chronic cough, with a focus on RCC, emerging paradigms concerning pathophysiology, and evolving treatment approaches was reviewed and summarized.

Conclusions

Guided by a more detailed understanding of refractory cough physiology, a myriad of new treatment options have been developed to treat RCC. These are primarily aimed at disrupting what is thought to be a hypersensitive cough reflex, whether by a dampening of its sensory inputs or an alteration in motor activity, and are inclusive of neuromodulator treatments, superior laryngeal nerve blockade, vocal fold augmentation, botulinum toxin injection, topical capsaicin, and potentially the eventual use of P2X3 antagonists. Improved laryngopharyngeal reflux diagnosis and management, as well as the potential benefit of behavioral cough suppression therapy, are also discussed.

Implications for Practice

The literature supporting each of these strategies is growing—and as more patients with RCC seek otolaryngology care, knowledge of these various approaches may improve the overall treatment of this condition.