bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Intensity and Evolution of the Extreme Solar and Geomagnetic Storms in 1938 January
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Hattori Kentaro , Pevtsov Alexei A. , Ebihara Yusuke , Shea Margaret A. , McCracken Ken G. , Daglis Ioannis A. , Bhaskar Ankush T. , Ribeiro Paulo , Knipp Delores J.
Published: March 2021

Major solar eruptions occasionally direct interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) to Earth and cause significant geomagnetic storms and low-latitude aurorae. While individual extreme storms are significant threats to modern civilization, storms occasionally appear in sequence, acting synergistically, and cause “perfect storms” on Earth. The stormy interval in 1938 January was one of such cases. Here, we analyze the contemporary records to reveal its time series on their source active regions, solar eruptions, ICMEs, geomagnetic storms, low-latitude aurorae, and cosmic-ray (CR) variations. Geomagnetic records show that three storms occurred successively on January 17/18 (Dcx ≈ −171 nT), January 21/22 (Dcx ≈ −328 nT), and January 25/26 (Dcx ≈ −336 nT). The amplitudes of the CR variations and storm sudden commencements (SSCs) show the impact of the first ICME as the largest (≈6% decrease in CR and 72 nT in SSC) and the ICMEs associated with the storms that followed as more moderate (≈3% decrease in CR and 63 nT in SSC; ≈2% decrease in CR and 63 nT in SSC). Interestingly, a significant solar proton event occurred on January 16/17 and the Cheltenham ionization chamber showed a possible ground-level enhancement. During the first storm, aurorae were less visible at midlatitudes, whereas, during the second and third storms, the equatorward boundaries of the auroral oval were extended down to 40.3° and 40.0° in invariant latitude. This contrast shows that the initial ICME was probably faster, with a higher total magnitude but a smaller southward component.
Revealing Ionization Conditions of Sz 102 with Spatially Resolved [Ne III] Microjets
Authors: Liu 劉 Chun-Fan 君帆 , Shang 尚 Hsien 賢 , Herczeg 沈 Gregory J. 雷歌 , Walter Frederick M.
Published: March 2021

Forbidden neon emission lines from small-scale microjets can probe high-energy processes in low-mass young stellar systems. We obtained spatially resolved [Ne iii] spectra in the microjets from the classical T Tauri Star Sz 102 using the Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph at a spatial resolution of ∼0.″1. The blueshifted and redshifted [Ne iii] emission both peak in intensity within ∼0.″1 of the star and gradually decay along the flow outward to ∼0.″24. The spatial distribution and extent of the [Ne iii] microjet is consistent with a jet that is ionized close to the base and subsequently recombines on a longer timescale than the flow time. Ca ii H and K lines are also detected from the redshifted microjet with a line full-width at half-maximum of ∼170 km s−1, consistent with those of other forbidden emission lines, atop a 300 km s−1 wide stellar component. The launching radius of the Sz 102 jet, inferred from the observed line centroids and the range of inclination angles and stellar masses from the literature, is on the order of ∼0.03 au. The possible proximity of the launching region to the star allows immediate ionization without distance dilution from the circumstellar ionization sources, most likely keV X-ray flares generated by magnetic reconnection events in the star--disk system, to sustain the observed [Ne iii] flux.
Parametric Simulation Studies on the Wave Propagation of Solar Radio Emission: The Source Size, Duration, and Position
Authors: Zhang PeiJin , Wang ChuanBing , Kontar Eduard P.
Published: March 2021

The observed features of the radio source indicate that the waves of solar radio bursts are convoluted with complex propagation effects. In this work, we perform ray-tracing simulations on radio wave transport in the corona and interplanetary region with anisotropic electron density fluctuations. For the first time, the variation of the apparent source size, burst duration, and source position for the fundamental emission and harmonic emission at the frequency of 35 MHz are simulated as a function of the anisotropic parameter α and the angular scattering rate coefficient η = ϵ
2/h
0, where ϵ
2 = 〈δ
n
2〉/n
2 is the density fluctuation level and h
0 is its correlation length near the wave excitation site. It is found that isotropic fluctuations produce a much larger decay time than a highly anisotropic fluctuation for fundamental emission. By comparing the observed duration and source size with the simulation results in the parameter space, we can estimate the scattering coefficient and the anisotropic parameter η = 8.9 × 10−5 km−1 and α = 0.719 with a point pulse source assumption. Position offsets due to wave scattering and refraction can produce the co-spatial of the fundamental and harmonic waves in the observation of some type III radio bursts. The visual speed due to the wave propagation effect can reach 1.5c for η = 2.4 × 10−4 km−1 and α = 0.2 for the fundamental emission in the sky plane, accompanied with large expansion rate of the source size. The direction of the visual speed is mostly identical to the direction of the offset, thus, for the observation aimed at obtaining the source position, the source centroid at the starting time is closer to the wave excitation site.
Daniel Mögling’s Sunspot Observations in 1626–1629: A Manuscript Reference for the Solar Activity before the Maunder Minimum
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Iju Tomoya , Murata Koji , Besser Bruno P.
Published: March 2021

The sunspots have been observed since 1610, and their group numbers have been used for evaluating the amplitude of solar activity. Daniel Mögling recorded his sunspot observations for more than 100 days in 1626–1629 and formed a significant data set of sunspot records before the Maunder Minimum. Here we have analyzed his original manuscripts in the Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt to review Mögling’s personal profile and observational instruments and derived the number and positions of the recorded sunspot groups. In his manuscript, we have identified 134 days with an exact sunspot group number and 3 days of additional descriptions. Our analyses have completely revised the observational dates and group numbers, added 19 days of hitherto overlooked observations, and removed 8 days of misinterpreted observations. We have also revisited the sunspot observations of Schickard and Hortensius and revised their data. These results have been compared with the contemporary observations. Moreover, we have derived the sunspot positions from his sunspot drawings and located them at 2°–23° in heliographic latitude in both solar hemispheres. Contextualized with contemporary observations, these results indicate their temporal migration to lower heliographic latitudes and emphasize their location in the declining phase of solar cycle −12 in the 1620s. Mögling’s observations were probably conducted using a pinhole and camera obscura, which likely made him underestimate the sunspot group number by ≥33%–52%. This underestimation should be noted upon comparison with modern data sets.
Scalaron Gravity near Sagittarius A*: Investigation of Spin of the Black Hole and Observing Requirements
Authors: Kalita Sanjeev
Published: March 2021

In this paper the author applies the scalaron gravity field and corresponding Yukawa coupling (derived by Kalita from the consideration of quantum vacuum fluctuations with UV and IR scales) to examine the scales of stellar orbits near the Galactic Center black hole, which can be probed by upcoming astrometric facilities for constraining modified gravity. Through the assumption that the pericenter shift of stellar orbits becomes of the order of spin and quadrupole moment effects of the black hole, it is found that for semimajor axes bounded below by time scales of gravitational wave emission and stellar age and above by S-2 like orbits (a = 990 au) the black hole spin with 0.1 ≤ χ ≤ 0.980 is eligible to probe scalaron masses within (10−22–10−18) eV and also the scalaron coupling, α = 2.73 × 10−4 derived earlier from quantum vacuum fluctuations. The orbital eccentricities are considered as e = 0.1, 0.5, and 0.9. Astrometric categories with σ = 10, 50, and 100 μas are used to probe the time scales and number of observing campaigns required for simultaneously constraining scalaron mass and black hole spin. It is found that extraction of black hole spin is possible within a = (74–433) au through 10 μas facilities. The present analysis is realized to be an independent opportunity to simultaneously constrain scalaron coupling, black hole spin, and tidal charge and hence to reveal the true nature of the spacetime structure of our nearest supermassive black hole.
Black Hole and Galaxy Coevolution in Moderately Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei at z ∼ 1.4 in SXDF
Authors: Setoguchi Kenta , Ueda Yoshihiro , Toba Yoshiki , Akiyama Masayuki
Published: March 2021

We investigate the relation of black hole mass versus host stellar mass and that of mass accretion rate versus star formation rate (SFR) in moderately luminous (

), X-ray selected broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z = 1.18–1.68 in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field. The far-infrared to far-ultraviolet spectral energy distributions of 85 AGNs are reproduced with the latest version of Code Investigating GALaxy Emission (CIGALE), where the AGN clumpy torus model SKIRTOR is implemented. Most of their hosts are confirmed to be main-sequence star-forming galaxies. We find that the mean ratio of the black hole mass (M
BH) to the total stellar mass (M
stellar) is

, which is similar to the local black hole–to–bulge mass ratio. This suggests that if the host galaxies of these moderately luminous AGNs at z ∼ 1.4 are dominated by bulges, they already established the local black hole mass–bulge mass relation; if they are disk dominant, their black holes are overmassive relative to the bulges. The AGN bolometric luminosities and SFR show a good correlation with ratios higher than that expected from the local black hole-to-bulge mass relation, suggesting that these AGNs are in a SMBH-growth dominant phase.
Hierarchical Inference with Bayesian Neural Networks: An Application to Strong Gravitational Lensing
Authors: Wagner-Carena Sebastian , Park Ji Won , Birrer Simon , Marshall Philip J. , Roodman Aaron , Wechsler Risa H. ,   (LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration)
Published: March 2021

In the past few years, approximate Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) have demonstrated the ability to produce statistically consistent posteriors on a wide range of inference problems at unprecedented speed and scale. However, any disconnect between training sets and the distribution of real-world objects can introduce bias when BNNs are applied to data. This is a common challenge in astrophysics and cosmology, where the unknown distribution of objects in our universe is often the science goal. In this work, we incorporate BNNs with flexible posterior parameterizations into a hierarchical inference framework that allows for the reconstruction of population hyperparameters and removes the bias introduced by the training distribution. We focus on the challenge of producing posterior PDFs for strong gravitational lens mass model parameters given Hubble Space Telescope–quality single-filter, lens-subtracted, synthetic imaging data. We show that the posterior PDFs are sufficiently accurate (statistically consistent with the truth) across a wide variety of power-law elliptical lens mass distributions. We then apply our approach to test data sets whose lens parameters are drawn from distributions that are drastically different from the training set. We show that our hierarchical inference framework mitigates the bias introduced by an unrepresentative training set’s interim prior. Simultaneously, we can precisely reconstruct the population hyperparameters governing our test distributions. Our full pipeline, from training to hierarchical inference on thousands of lenses, can be run in a day. The framework presented here will allow us to efficiently exploit the full constraining power of future ground- and space-based surveys (https://github.com/swagnercarena/ovejero).
A Broadband X-Ray View of the Precessing Accretion Disk and Pre-eclipse Dip in the Pulsar Her X-1 with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton
Authors: Brumback McKinley C. , Hickox Ryan C. , Fürst Felix S. , Pottschmidt Katja , Tomsick John A. , Wilms Jörn , Staubert Rüdiger , Vrtilek Saeqa
Published: March 2021

We present a broadband X-ray timing study of the variations in pulse behavior with the superorbital cycle in the low-mass X-ray binary Her X-1. This source shows a 35 day superorbital modulation in X-ray flux that is likely caused by occultation by a warped, precessing accretion disk. Our data set consists of four joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of Her X-1 which sample a complete superorbital cycle. We focus our analysis on the first and fourth observations, which occur during the bright “main-on” phase, because these observations have strongly detected pulsations. We added an archival XMM-Newton observation during the “short-on” phase of the superorbital cycle because our observations at that phase are lower in signal to noise. We find that the energy-resolved pulse profiles show the same shape at similar superorbital phases, and the profiles are consistent with expectations from a precessing disk. We demonstrate that a simple precessing accretion disk model is sufficient to reproduce the observed pulse profiles. The results of this model suggest that the similarities in the observed pulse profiles are due to reprocessing by a precessing disk that has returned to its original precession phase. We determine that the broadband spectrum is well fit by an absorbed power law with a soft blackbody component and show that the spectral continuum also exhibits a dependence on the superorbital cycle. We also present a brief analysis of the energy-resolved light curves of a pre-eclipse dip, which shows soft X-ray absorption and hard X-ray variability during the dip.
Ultra-steep-spectrum Radio “Jellyfish” Uncovered in A2877
Authors: Hodgson Torrance , Bartalucci Iacopo , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , McKinley Benjamin , Vazza Franco , Wittor Denis
Published: March 2021

We report on the discovery of a mysterious ultra-steep-spectrum (USS) synchrotron source in the galaxy cluster A2877. We have observed the source with the Murchison Widefield Array at five frequencies across 72–231 MHz and found the source to exhibit strong spectral curvature over this range, as well as the steepest known spectra of a synchrotron cluster source, with a spectral index across the central three frequency bands of

. Higher-frequency radio observations, including a deep observation with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, fail to detect any of the extended diffuse emission. The source is approximately 370 kpc wide and bears an uncanny resemblance to a jellyfish with two peaks of emission and long tentacles descending south toward the cluster center. While the “USS Jellyfish” defies easy classification, we here propose that the phenomenon is caused by the reacceleration and compression of multiple aged electron populations from historic active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity, a so-called “radio phoenix,” by an as yet undetected weak cluster-scale mechanism. The USS Jellyfish adds to a growing number of radio phoenix in cool-core clusters with unknown reacceleration mechanisms; as the first example of a polyphoenix, however, this implies that the mechanism is on the scale of the cluster itself. Indeed, we show that in simulations, emission akin to the USS Jellyfish can be produced as a short-lived transient phase in the evolution of multiple interacting AGN remnants when subject to weak external shocks.
Polarization Predictions in the GRB Prompt Phase with the Internal Shock Model
Authors: Lan Mi-Xiang , Wang Hao-Bing , Xu Siyao , Liu Siming , Wu Xue-Feng
Published: March 2021

As the standard gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt-emission model, the internal shock (IS) model can reproduce the fast-rise and slow-decay features of the pulses in the GRB light curve. The time- and energy-dependent polarization can deliver important physical information on the emission region and can be used to test models. Polarization predictions for the GRB prompt phase with the magnetized IS model should be investigated carefully. The magnetic field of the magnetized IS model is very likely to be mixed and decays with radius. The synchrotron emission in the presence of such a decaying magnetic field can recover the Band-like spectrum of the GRB prompt phase. We investigate the dependence of the polarization of GRB prompt emission on both time and energy in the framework of the magnetized IS model. Due to the large range of parameters, it is hard to distinguish the magnetized IS model and the magnetic-reconnection model through polarization degree (PD) curves. The energy-dependent PD could increase toward the high-energy band for the magnetized IS model, while it decreases to zero above the megaelectronvolt band for the dissipative photosphere model. Therefore, we conclude that the energy dependence of PD can be used to distinguish these two models for the GRB prompt emission. Finally, we find that, independent of the observational energy band, the profiles of the ξ

B
− PD curve for the time-integrated and time-resolved PDs are very similar, where ξ

B
is the magnetic field strength ratio of the ordered component to the random component.
On the Relation between Kappa Distribution Functions and the Plasma Beta Parameter in the Earth’s Magnetosphere: THEMIS Observations
Authors: Eyelade Adetayo V. , Stepanova Marina , Espinoza Cristóbal M. , Moya Pablo S.
Published: March 2021

The Earth’s magnetosphere represents a natural plasma laboratory that allows us to study the behavior of particle distribution functions in the absence of Coulomb collisions, typically described by the kappa distributions. We have investigated the properties of these functions for ions and electrons in different magnetospheric regions, thereby making it possible to reveal the κ-parameters for a wide range of plasma beta (β) values (from 10−3 to 102). This was done using simultaneous ion and electron measurements from the five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft spanning the years 2008–2018. It was found that for a fixed plasma β, the κ-index and core energy (E

c
) of the distribution can be modeled by the power law

for both species, and the relation between β, κ, and E

c
is much more complex than earlier reported: both A and γ exhibit systematic dependencies with β. Our results indicate that β ∼ 0.1–0.3 is a range where the plasma is more dynamic, since it is influenced by both the magnetic field and temperature fluctuations, which suggests that the transition between magnetically and kinetically dominated plasmas occurs at these values of β. For β > 1, both A and γ take nearly constant values, a feature that is especially notable for the electrons and might be related to their demagnetization. The relation between β, κ, and E

c
that we present is an important result that can be used by theoretical models in the future.
Distribution of testate amoebae in bryophyte communities in São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago)
Authors: Souto Martin , Gonçalves Vítor , Pontevedra-Pombal Xabier , Raposeiro Pedro
Published: March 2021

Testate amoebae are a polyphyletic group of protists living preferentially in soils, freshwaters and wetlands. These Protozoa have a worldwide distribution, but their presence and diversity in the Azores (a remote oceanic archipelago) is poorly known, with only twelve taxa recorded so far. The published information reflects occasional collections from sporadic field visits from naturalists to São Miguel Island, mainly in the nineteenth century. To overcome this limitation, a standardised survey was carried out on the Island, sampling different types of habitats from several localities to provide the distribution and information on species ecology of testate amoebae.

In this study, 43 species of testate amoebae were recorded (within a total of 499 occurrences), belonging to two orders of Protista (26 Arcellinida and 17 Euglyphida). The most frequently occurring testate amoebae were Euglypha strigosa, Trinema lineare, Euglypha rotunda, Assulina muscorum and Cyclopyxis eurystoma. The most diverse genus was Euglypha (six species). A total of 38 species are new records for the Azores Archipelago. These data help to improve knowledge of the geographical distribution of testate amoebae in the northern hemisphere and their diversity in the Azores Archipelago.
Carried with the wind: mass occurrence of Zeiraphera griseana (Hübner, 1799) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) on Vize Island (Russian High Arctic)
Authors: Gavrilo Maria V. , Chupin Igor I. , Kozlov Mikhail V.
Published: March 2021

Vize Island, located in the northern part of the Kara Sea (79°30’N, 76°59’E), is one of the least studied islands of the Russian High Arctic in terms of its biota. Hundreds of live and freshly dead individuals of Larch Budmoth Zeiraphera griseana (Hübner, 1799) were observed on this island from 16 July–2 August 2020. This is the first and the only terrestrial invertebrate ever discovered on Vize Island. The moths were likely transported to the island by air currents from the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk region, where an outbreak of Z. griseana was reported on over 75,000 ha. The distance travelled by moths approached 1200 km. Thus, the high Arctic islands are less isolated from insect migrants than was commonly thought. These islands will be colonised by boreal insects as soon as changing environmental conditions allow the establishment of local populations.
New insights into the phylogeny of Sinocarum (Apiaceae, Apioideae) based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: Xiao Yan-Ping , Guo Xian-Lin , Price Megan , Gou Wei , Zhou Song-Dong , He Xing-Jin
Published: March 2021

Sinocarum is a Sino-Himalayan endemic genus of Apiaceae and distributed in high-elevations from Nepal to SW China. In this study, morphological characteristics were combined with nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intron sequences (rpl16 and rps16) to determine the phylogenetic placement of Sinocarum and the infrageneric relationships between five Sinocarum species. The results confirmed that Sinocarum was a polyphyletic group separated into two clades, Acronema and East Asia clades. S. coloratum, the generic type of Sinocarum, S. cruciatum, S. vaginatum and S. filicinum are in the Acronema clade. Among them, the first three species are clustered into a subclade and are closely related to the genus Acronema. While S. filicinum has a close affinity with Meeboldia. S. schizopetalum did not ally with its congeners we collected and is allied closely with members of the distantly related East Asia clade. In addition, the fruit of the Acronema clade Sinocarum species is usually oblong-ovoid or ovoid, and the pollen is super-rectangular, while the Sinocarum species in the East Asia clade have broad-ovoid fruit and sub-rhomboidal pollen. This study has furnished cumulative evidence to reduce phylogenetic uncertainty and provide a more comprehensive description of the plant morphology, fruit morphology and anatomy, and pollen morphology of these five Chinese Sinocarum species.
A Liouville theorem for ancient solutions to a semilinear heat equation and its elliptic counterpart
Authors: Sourdis Christos
Published: March 2021

We establish the nonexistence of nontrivial ancient solutions to the nonlinear heat equation $ u_t = \Delta u+|u|^{p-1}u $ which are smaller in absolute value than the self-similar radial singular steady state, provided that the exponent $ p $ is strictly between Serrin's exponent and that of Joseph and Lundgren. This result was previously established by Fila and Yanagida [Tohoku Math. J. (2011)] by using forward self-similar solutions as barriers. In contrast, we apply a sweeping argument with a family of time independent weak supersolutions. Our approach naturally lends itself to yield an analogous Liouville type result for the steady state problem in higher dimensions. In fact, in the case of the critical Sobolev exponent we show the validity of our results for solutions that are smaller in absolute value than a 'Delaunay'-type singular solution.
On inner Poisson structures of a quantum cluster algebra without coefficients
Authors: Li Fang , Pan Jie
Published: March 2021

The main aim of this article is to characterize inner Poisson structure on a quantum cluster algebra without coefficients. Mainly, we prove that inner Poisson structure on a quantum cluster algebra without coefficients is always a standard Poisson structure. We introduce the concept of so-called locally inner Poisson structure on a quantum cluster algebra and then show it is equivalent to locally standard Poisson structure in the case without coefficients. Based on the result from [7] we obtain finally the equivalence between locally inner Poisson structure and compatible Poisson structure in this case.
Simultaneous recovery of surface heat flux and thickness of a solid structure by ultrasonic measurements
Authors: Deng Youjun , Liu Hongyu , Wang Xianchao , Wei Dong , Zhu Liyan
Published: March 2021

This paper is concerned with a practical inverse problem of simultaneously reconstructing the surface heat flux and the thickness of a solid structure from the associated ultrasonic measurements. In a thermoacoustic coupling model, the thermal boundary condition and the thickness of a solid structure are both unknown, while the measurements of the propagation time by ultrasonic sensors are given. We reformulate the inverse problem as a PDE-constrained optimization problem by constructing a proper objective functional. We then develop an alternating iteration scheme which combines the conjugate gradient method and the deepest decent method to solve the optimization problem. Rigorous convergence analysis is provided for the proposed numerical scheme. By using experimental real data from the lab, we conduct extensive numerical experiments to verify several promising features of the newly developed method.
Assembly system with omnichannel coordination
Authors: Chen Zhisong , Su Shong-Iee Ivan
Published: March 2021

Assembly system with omnichannel is rarely studied in literature. This paper explores the equilibrium and coordination issues for an omnichannel assembly system. Four different game-theoretical model types applying four operational strategies - a total of sixteen analytical models - are developed and analyzed for both omnichannel and pure channel modes. The numerical analysis of an electronic product assembly system provides a clearer understanding of the solutions and their effects on the profits in the assembly system for different model types and operational strategies. A further sensitivity analysis with focus on an omnichannel with offline channel subsidy (OMS) creates better insights regarding how changes of key parameters affect the assembly system profits. It is found that the omnichannel mode with or without offline channel subsidy can deliver much better operational performance to the assembly system via mutual fusion effect than that of a pure online- or offline-channel mode. Furthermore, the offline channel subsidy can amplify to a very large extent the mutual fusion effect to increase the product demand dramatically and thus improving the operational performance of the assembly system in the omnichannel business scenario. The best operational strategy for the assembly system in the omnichannel business scenario is the coordination strategy with offline channel subsidy.
Modelado urbano microclimático para la simulación termo-energética de viviendas en edificios en altura en Mendoza, Argentina. Integración del software ENVI-met y EnergyPlus
Authors: Balter Julieta , Alchapar Noelia , Correa Erica , Ganem Carolina
Published: March 2021

La ciudad de Mendoza, Argentina, cuenta con una intensa forestación urbana que definen dos estratos en altura: bajo y sobre la copa de los árboles. En este contexto, el comportamiento térmico de viviendas en altura estará afectado según el ambiente circundante. Con el objetivo de aprovechar la potencialidad predictiva de un modelo de simulación urbano y crear datos microclimáticos fiables para la simulación termo-energética de edificios en altura, este artículo propone la integración de dos programas de simulación. La metodología consta del diseño y validación de los modelos mediante datos registrados in situ; y de la simulación del comportamiento térmico edilicio de viviendas en altura en Mendoza, mediante la introducción de datos microclimáticos urbanos específicos. Los resultados obtenidos revelan las capacidades de trabajar con ENVI-met como herramienta para la generación de los datos climáticos necesarios para simular en EnergyPlus, constituyendo un conocimiento fundamental para el modelado energético urbano edilicio.
Estudio de materiales de construcción vernáculos empleados en el patrimonio cultural: guía para la restauración arquitectónica del Colegio Máximo de Cartuja. Granada-España (siglo XIX)
Authors: Justicia Muñoz Honorato , Sáez-Pérez Mª Paz , Durán-Suárez Jorge , Villegas Broncano Mª Ángeles
Published: March 2021

El Colegio Máximo de Cartuja en Granada fue construido por los jesuitas en el siglo XIX. El estudio arqueométrico de sus materiales: ladrillos, azulejos, vidrieras y morteros, define el concepto vernáculo de esta construcción, referenciada en el marco geológico de la “formación Alhambra”, junto a la identificación de materias primas y técnicas utilizadas por los nazaríes desde el siglo XIII. Los resultados de XRD, XRF y DTA confirman el uso de arcillas locales para fabricación de ladrillos y losetas que se hornearon a temperaturas de ≤750 ºC. Las arcillas debieron contener aditivos de NaCl que beneficiaron la sinterización cerámica, y se comprobó el uso de colores de tradición nazarí (Cu, Fe, Sn) en los esmaltes y vidrieras. Las materias primas locales también se usaron para producir aglomerantes aéreos. Estos resultados se han combinado para crear una guía de buenas prácticas para la restauración sostenible de los edificios del patrimonio cultural.
Analysis of the influence of partial replacement of mineral aggregate by basaltic rock dust on the production of industrialized adhesive mortar
Authors: Lentz L.C. , Antunes E.G.P.
Published: March 2021

The production of adhesive mortar uses large proportions of sand, causing undesirable environmental impact as this is a finite resource. In recent years, the insertion of civil construction waste in cement matrixes has intensified with the objective of replacing sand in the mortar manufacturing process. Therefore, in this study, the proportions of 5%, 10%, 15% substitution of the mineral aggregate by basalt dust waste in the production of industrialized adhesive mortar were adopted. The reference mixture of 1:3 (cement: sand) was adopted and the water/dry material ratio was set at 0.20. The adhesive mortars produced in the tests to determine the consistency index, water retention, mass density, open time, tensile strength and water absorption by capillarity were analyzed. The results were satisfactory, demonstrating that it is feasible to use the waste as a substitute for sand in the production of industrialized adhesive mortars.
Magnetic variation in construction steels under tensile stress. Empirical research with Helmholtz coils
Authors: Ferrández D. , Morón C. , Saiz P. , Morón A.
Published: March 2021

Steel is responsible for providing resistance to flexotraction to reinforced concrete structures. Steel is responsible for providing reinforced concrete structures with a flexural strength. For this reason, it is important to study its behaviour under different tensile states. This study used measuring equipment that was able to determine variations in magnetic properties of B500-SD steel bars during standard tensile tests. The magnetic field generated by a Helmholtz coil was collected through a secondary circuit. This enables the induced electromotive force to relate with the steel deflection stages when subjected to the tests. Moreover, it was possible to determine the variation of magnetic permeability when submitting 12mm and 16mm diameter bars to different tensile states. This method could prove extremely useful in determining the tensile state of ribbed steel bars that are embedded into the concrete structure.
L’évaluation des compétences langagières à travers le prisme des genres spécialisés en anglais de spécialité
Authors: Biros Camille , Fries Marie-Hélène
Published: March 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de partir de la recherche concernant les variétés spécialisées de l’anglais pour revisiter la question de l’évaluation en anglais de spécialité. Nous nous demandons s’il faut créer un cadre spécifique pour identifier et décrire les contenus langagiers caractéristiques de chaque genre spécialisé ou s’il est possible de s’appuyer sur un cadre de référence commun fondé sur une approche communicationnelle. Afin d’aborder ce questionnement, nous commençons par définir le concept de genre spécialisé et expliquer son utilité pour l’enseignement des langues de spécialité. Puis nous envisageons les critères qui fondent l’évaluation, en langue générale et spécialisée, afin de mettre à jour l’existence d’un continuum allant du plus général au plus spécifique. Nous montrons, à partir d’exemples d’évaluation de l’anglais en licence de biotechnologies à Grenoble, en quoi les genres spécialisés sont un outil permettant de restreindre le cadre de l’évaluation en langue spécialisée, sans pour autant changer la nature des descripteurs et des critères utilisés.
Usages gouvernementaux de la participation citoyenne au Chili : mobiliser, contrôler, légitimer (1964-2010)
Authors: Pinet Nicolas
Published: March 2021

Cet article analyse les représentations qu’ont les gouvernants démocrates chiliens de la participation citoyenne et l’usage qu’ils en font, tant au niveau discursif qu’au niveau des politiques publiques. Leurs rapports ambivalents vis-à-vis de la participation des citoyens qui, tout à la fois, légitime leur pouvoir et peut le remettre en cause sont-ils à attribuer au contexte et au personnel politique, ou, au contraire, à la structuration même de l’institutionnalité démocratique ? Pour répondre, l’analyse porte successivement sur le gouvernement d’Eduardo Frei Montalva (1964-1970), sur celui de Salvador Allende (1970-1973) et sur les gouvernements successifs de la Concertation (1990-2010). On conclut que, malgré des contextes opposés, les gouvernants entretiennent un rapport instrumental similaire à la participation citoyenne, dont ils ont besoin, soit pour mener à bien leur projet politique – dans les deux premiers cas –, soit pour réassurer leur propre légitimité et celle des institutions démocratiques – troisième cas.
CYBERSECURITY ARCHITECTURE FOR THE INTERNET OF MEDICAL THINGS AND CONNECTED DEVICES USING BLOCKCHAIN
Authors: Elsayeh Muhammad , Ezzat Kadry Ali , El-Nashar Hany , Omran Lamia Nabil
Published: March 2021

The internet of medical things (IoMT) has a great role in improving the health around the world. IoMT is having a great impact in our life in which the clinical data of the patient is observed and checked and then can be transferred to the third party for using in the future such as the cloud. IoMT is a huge data system with a continuous developing rate, which implies that we should keep a lot of data secure. We propose a combined security architecture that fuses the standard architecture and new blockchain technology. Blockchain is a temper digital ledger which gives peer-to-peer communication and provides communication between non-trust individuals. Using standard in-depth strategy and blockchain, we are able to develop a method to collect vital signs data from IoMT and connected devices and use blockchain to store and retrieve the collected data in a secure and decentralized fashion within a closed system, suitable for healthcare providers such as private clinics, hospitals, and healthcare organizations were sharing data with each other is required. Right now initially examine the innovation behind Blockchain then propose IoMT-based security architecture utilizing Blockchain to guarantee the security of information transmission between associated nodes. Experimental analysis shows that the proposed scheme presents a non-significant overhead; yet it brings major advantages to meet the standard security and privacy requirements in IoMT.
Framework of E-Governance at the Grass Roots Level
Authors: Rahman Hakikur
Published: March 2021

E-government theories are prevailing in a variety of formats and concepts around the globe, nations, and institutions, but there are not many examples to emulate in terms of developing a comprehensive framework of e-governance system at the outer periphery of the government tiers. This research would like to carry out a comprehensive analysis on various theories built around the e-governance perception, but the prime focus will be devoted to the penetration of e-government system, particularly at the grassroots. To narrow down further, the study will conduct analytical observations in a few developed, developing, and transitional economies. Furthermore, to be more concise, the research will specifically focus on various e-government implementations at the grass roots that penetrated the lowest tier of the governance system for community empowerment and knowledge enhancement. Before conclusion, it will try to put forward prospective research agenda, including the framework of a future e-government system at the local government level.
Family Dynamics and ICT
Authors: J. Dinesh Kumar , S. Arulchelvan
Published: March 2021

The use of information and communication technologies is increasing in the present scenario to a great extent for various purposes such as education, entertainment, business, e-governance, and so on. When ICT use expanded its origin, it has also predominantly taken a huge place in domestic activities. In the recent decade, the domestication of technologies in home has been expanding and its influence in family activities and family members must be a considerable area to study. Though many scholars from various countries attempted to understand the ICT influence in family life, this chapter adds a contribution to the field by analysing how the different activities in domestic life influences the family dynamics. This research collected the data from two different generation family members such as parents and children. This will help to understand how the ICT use influences the intergeneration family members. It is found that ICT has a desirable influence in family activities. Young adults are highly influenced by parents, and the regular monitoring is expected to avoid harmful effects.
The Impact of Mobile Phone Uses in the Developing World
Authors: Cibangu Sylvain K. , Champion Donna , Hepworth Mark
Published: March 2021

Around the turn of the year 2020, unprecedented challenges rocked the world, casting a spotlight on large swathes of the world's populations still unconnected and those connected being gravely plagued by inequalities and racism. The promises of rapid/digital mobile phone dissemination around the world have evaporated. To add to these woes, despite the amount of writings produced on mobile phones, Western bias is surprisingly unbridledly prevailing alongside the fêted wireless connections/apps. Expansive literature tends to present the rapid adoption of mobile phones among rural individuals, with little to no indication of how local values and voices are respected or promoted. This chapter is a study that undertook semi-structured interviews with 16 rural chiefs to inquire into ways in which mobile phones enabled socio-economic development in the rural Congo. Rather than using quantitative, large-scale, or top-down data, the study sought to give voice to chiefs themselves about the role of mobile phones.
Overwintering survival of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in temperature regimes emulating partly protected winter conditions in a cold–temperate climate of Québec, Canada
Authors: Cloutier Conrad , Guay Jean-Frédéric , Champagne-Cauchon William , Fournier Valérie
Published: March 2021

Field-acclimated Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region, Québec, Canada, were examined over two years for winter survival, under the hypothesis that flies select protected overwintering microhabitats. In 2016–2017, flies trapped alive in the field or emerged from infested fruits were submitted to four winter regimes of either constant or daily fluctuating temperatures of 5 °C (2–8 °C) or 10 °C (7–13 °C). In 2017–2018, two fluctuating regimes averaging either 1 °C (–2 to 4 °C) or 3 °C (0–6 °C) were tested. Survival was modelled using Cox proportional hazard models testing probability that mortality risk varies with cold winter regime, fly sex, and fly provenance. Hazard ratios were about 1.7 times higher for males than for females. Models indicate that flies in constant and fluctuating 10 °C, in constant 5 °C, or in fluctuating 1 °C with daily exposure to –2 °C would not survive a six-month winter. Female survival extended to the next summer in fluctuating regimes averaging 5 °C or 3 °C. Estimates of 0.95 quantile survival (5%) indicate that overwintering D. suzukii experiencing such cold temperature regimes during winter, with no prolonged sub-zero temperatures, could survive until July of the following year, which is likely at the high population densities observed.
Immunoproteasome Upregulation Is Not Required to Control Protein Homeostasis during Viral Infection
Authors: Basler Michael , Christ Marleen , Goebel Heike , Groettrup Marcus
Published: March 2021

The prime function of proteasomes is the control of protein homeostasis in cells (i.e., the removal of proteins that are not properly folded, damaged by stress conditions like reactive oxygen species formation, or degraded on the basis of regular protein turnover). During viral infection, the standard proteasome is replaced by the so-called immunoproteasome (IP) in an IFN-γ–dependent manner. It has been proposed that the IP is required to protect cell viability under conditions of IFN-induced oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the requirement for IP to cope with the enhanced need for protein degradation during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice lacking the IP subunit LMP7. We found that IP are upregulated in the liver but not in the spleen during LCMV infection, although the total proteasome content was not altered. The expression of standard proteasome subunits is not induced in LMP7-deficient mice, indicating that enhanced proteasomal activity is not required during viral infection. Furthermore, ubiquitin accumulation, apoptosis induction, and viral titers were similar in LCMV-infected mice lacking LMP7 compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, these data indicate that the IP is not required to regulate protein homeostasis during LCMV infection.
Prevalence and characteristics of venous thromboembolism in severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Meitei Soibam Pahel , Tale Sudheer , Negi Arjun Kumar , Dua Ruchi , Walia Rohit , Saxena Sudhir
Published: March 2021

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) carries a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Pulmonary embolism (PE) and AECOPD increase the mortality and morbidity risk associated with each other. Racial and ethnic differences in VTE risk have been documented in multiple studies. However, there is a dearth of reliable Indian data on the same. This study was planned to find the prevalence of VTE in the setting of severe AECOPD in a tertiary care hospital in India and to identify the clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of VTE in severe AECOPD. A total of 156 consecutive patients admitted with severe AECOPD and meeting the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Thorough workup of all patients was done including ABG, serum D dimer, ECG, compression ultrasound of lower limbs and 2-D echocardiography. Patients with high pre-test probability score, or intermediate pre-test probability score at presentation with serum D dimer above the age adjusted cut-off underwent computerised tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA).  Results were analysed using SPSS version 23.  Sixteen (10.3%) patients had VTE, 15 (93.75%) of them being cases of isolated PE. Female gender, higher cumulative past exposure to corticosteroid, higher alveolar-arterial gradient, right ventricular dysfunction, and higher mean pulmonary artery pressure were associated with increased risk for VTE. The prevalence of VTE in AECOPD in this study among an Indian population is higher than among other Asians, but lower than among the Blacks, the Caucasians and the Middle-East ethnicities. Since a vast majority of VTE presents as PE without DVT in the setting of AECOPD, the absence of deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs does not rule PE in the setting.
Chandelier-assisted pneumatic retinopexy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair in young adults
Authors: Habib Ahmed E , Abdel-Kader Ahmed A , Elnahry Ayman G
Published: March 2021

We describe the new technique of chandelier-assisted pneumatic retinopexy in repairing rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in a series of young adults. In the operating room, a 25-gauge trocar cannula is inserted at the pars plana 180° across the preoperatively detected retinal break followed by Chandelier light insertion, which is used in globe fixation and rotation. The retinal periphery is reexamined using scleral indentation and chandelier light endoillumination. Transconjunctival cryopexy is performed around the break followed by paracentesis and pure sulfur hexafluoride gas injection. Twelve eyes of 12 patients were repaired. Their mean (±SD) age was 29.4 (±3.4) years and preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.36 (±0.32). Nine eyes had 1 break while 3 eyes had 2 breaks within 1 clock hour. Mean duration of operation was 11.7 (±1.8) min. No patient experienced major intraoperative complications, but one patient required reoperation. Mean CDVA 6 months postoperatively was 0.63 (± 0.21) (p < 0.05).
Cataract surgery in eyes with associated coloboma
Authors: Kohli Gaurav , Shah Chintan , Sen Alok , Joshi Rajesh , Sood Devindra , Patidar Narendra , Sen Pradhnya , Sharma Devendra , Jain Tanya
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to report the outcome of cataract surgery with different surgical techniques in eyes with coexisting coloboma and to define factors of prognostic importance.

Methods:

Retrospective case sheet review of patients presenting between January 2016 and December 2018, who underwent cataract surgery in eyes with coexisting coloboma.

Results:

Of the 3,30,231 cases operated during the study period, 280 eyes of 276 patients had associated colobomatous malformation. The prevalence of coloboma in eyes undergoing cataract surgery was 0.085%. The mean age of the patients was 46.4 years (range 19 - 88 years). Phacoemulsification (PE) was performed in 130 eyes (46.4%), manual small incision cataract surgery (M-SICS) was done in 115 eyes (41.1%), and 35 eyes (12.5%) underwent intra capsular cataract extraction. Intra-operative complications were noted in 26 (9%) eyes. Incidence of intra-operative and post-operative complications was comparable between PE and M-SICS groups (p = 0.94). The mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) improved from logMAR 1.71 ± 0.62 to 0.87 ± 0.61 (p = 0.00009). On multivariate analysis, microcornea (p = 0.002), type 1 and 2 coloboma (p < 0.001), and intraoperative complications (p = 0.001) were associated with poor visual outcome.

Conclusion:

Favorable functional outcomes can be achieved with phacoemulsification in eyes with softer cataract and corneal diameter >8 mm and with M-SICS in eyes with hard cataracts and corneal diameter of 6–8 mm. PE should be considered as the primary choice whenever permissible by the corneal diameter and severity of nuclear sclerosis. Poor functional outcomes were seen in eyes with smaller corneal diameter, extensive chorioretinal coloboma, and intraoperative complications.