bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences in Awake Craniotomy from Borneo: A Case Series from Sarawak General Hospital
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak Malaysia, Vijian Kugan , Bik Liang Lau ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak Malaysia, Kanesen Davendran ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak Malaysia, Swee San Lim ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak Malaysia, Chee Seong Peter Tan ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak Malaysia, San Liew Donald Ngian ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak Malaysia, Hieng Wong Albert Sii ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Background: The indications for awake craniotomy now spans from resection of tumours at eloquent areas of the brain, deep brain stimulation and treatment of aneurysms to name a few. In the region of East Malaysia where patients have various ethnic backgrounds and native languages, planning and execution of these procedures can be somewhat challenging. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 11 awake surgeries conducted by the Department of Neurosurgery in Sarawak. The indications for awake craniotomy surgery in our sample population were intra-axial lesions in eloquent regions involving important cortical areas and subcortical tracts which were at risk of damage during tumour excision. Patients were assessed for intra-operative and post-operative neurological deficits. Results: Eleven patients aged 20 years old70 years old were included in this series. All patients were diagnosed with lesions in eloquent areas of the brain requiring surgical excision. Patients were of various ethnic backgrounds. The spoken language of these patients also varied based on their ethnicity. The histopathological diagnosis of nine patients were consistent with gliomas with three being of high grade. Three patients (27%) developed intra-operative deficits that were not present pre-operatively. Conclusion: This case series serve to demonstrate the feasibility of awake craniotomies even in centres without vast experiences in awake surgeries and ideal adjuncts which in comparison may be readily available in different centres. Although careful patient selection has been emphasised, it is a difficult feat in a region consisting of at least 30 different ethnic groups with distinct languages and cultures.
Determining the New Norm Elements in Emergency Departments in Malaysia During a Pandemic: A Fuzzy Delphi Method
Authors:   Ministry of Health Malaysia, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Selvaraju Jivanya Raj , Nik Ab. Rahman Nik Hisamuddin ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Background: Emergency departments (EDs) have had to cope with various pandemics, such as HIN1, Ebola and the currently ongoing COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the elements of the new norm that has introduced changes into healthcare systems, particularly EDs, during the COVID-19 pandemic and to obtain consensus from the experts, the Emergency physicians in EDs across Malaysia. No previous study has been conducted on this topic. Methods: This study used the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) to acquire expert consensus. There were two phases in this study. The first involved extracting the elements to be assessed by the selected experts from a literature review. Three major domains were considered: infrastructure, governance and human resources. A total of 35 items were identified and divided into the three domains. In the second phase, the selected items were sent to a group of 15 ED physicians, who were asked to rate the items on a Likert-type scale. The data were then analysed using FDM. Results: A total of 35 items were identified as possible new norms from a literature search for the three domains (governance, infrastructure and human resources). The first step of the FDM analysis showed that 9 out of the 35 items did not fulfil the initial requirement of the FDM, since the threshold value (d) must be lower than 0.2 (d </ 0.2). In meeting the second condition for the FDM, 25 out of the 35 items had an expert consensus of > 75%. Regarding the third requirement for FDM, only 1 out of the 35 items did not meet the criteria of an average fuzzy number (A value) of > 0.5. Finally, 25 items fulfilled all three requirements of FDM, so these were retained and the remaining 10 items were discarded. Conclusion: The FDM used in this study had identified 25 items achieved the required level of agreement by the chosen experts. The results of this study can be used to guide EDs in Malaysia to utilise the new norms items in mitigating major outbreak affecting the ED services.
Factors Predicting the Ability to Perform Activities of Daily Living among Stroke Patients in Rural Community Southern Thailand
Authors:   Department of Public Health, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand, Kuakool Nipaporn , Suwankhong Dusanee ,   Department of Public Health, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand, Boonrod Tum ,   Department of Public Health, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand, Chinnasee Chamnan ,   Department of Health and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Published: October 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) among post-stroke patients participating in outpatient physical rehabilitation programmes in community hospital in southern Thailand. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 258 patients diagnosed with stroke through the HOSxP programme from 2018 to 2022. Patients’ ADL were assessed using the Barthel Index measurement. Characteristics were described by percentages and medians (IOR). Associations of categorical variables were examined using the chi-squared test, and multiple logistic regressions were employed to identify factors predicting Barthel Index scores among stroke patients. Patients’ capacity levels were categorised based on Barthel Index scores and rehabilitation criteria, and unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR/AOR) were presented, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Of the 258 stroke patients, 59.30% were male, with a median age of 67 years old. Significant differences in Barthel Index scores were found with respect to gender, age, marital status, comorbidities and duration of rehabilitation (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that male stroke patients (AOR = 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10, 3.26), individuals with single marital status (AOR = 4.62; 95% CI: 1.58, 13.49), absence of comorbidities (AOR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.98), and rehabilitation duration of less than five days (AOR = 4.38; 95% CI: 2.14, 8.96) were more likely to achieve independence in ADL with higher Barthel Index scores (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Several factors contribute to the effective planning of care and rehabilitation for stroke patients in rural area. Stroke rehabilitation programmes in this region should consider various elements, including patient characteristics, family involvement and clinical factors, to improve ADL performance.
Challenges and Considerations in Selecting Animal Models for Evaluating a Live, ColdChain-Free, Dual-Use Vaccine (MyChol) for Diarrhoeal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia, Hui Xian Tew , Parasuraman Subramani ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia, Yean Yean Chan ,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Nik Mohd Noor Nik Zuraina ,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Prabhakaran Guruswamy ,   Centre of Excellence for Vaccine Development (CoEVD), AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Diarrhoeal diseases are the second leading cause of death for children under 5 years old in 69 low- and middle-income countries, with an annual economic burden of US$ 4 billion and over 525,000 lives lost. Cholera and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) traveller’s diarrhoea are major diarrhoeal diseases caused by Vibrio cholerae (O1 and O139 serogroups) and ETEC, which have similar pathogeneses and can co-infect. There is no exclusive vaccine for ETEC, but cholera vaccines containing the cholera toxin B (CT-B) component offer short-term cross-protection. However, licensed oral cholera vaccines are expensive due to cold-chain supplies and the need for multiple doses. A cost-effective, dual-protection, live, cold-chain-free vaccine is, therefore, required for vaccination campaigns in low-resource settings, and MyChol – a prototype cold-chainfree live attenuated cholera vaccine, targeting V. cholerae O139 and ETEC H10407 – was developed in this context. The vaccine was evaluated in three animal models (Sprague Dawley [SD] rats, BALB/c mice and New Zealand white rabbits) for safety, colonisation capacity, reactogenicity and immunogenicity against challenge strains. In suckling mice, MyChol displayed high colonisation potential compared to unformulated VCUSM14P (the vaccine candidate) and wild-type O139. In the acute toxicity assessment, the SD rats with the highest MyChol dose (1 × 10⁷ colony-forming unit [CFU]/kg) demonstrated no adverse effects or mortality. Mice vaccinated with MyChol exhibited elevated antibody levels, including anti-CT, anti-heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), anti-CT-B and antiLT-B. Anti-CT antibodies neutralised LT toxin in ETEC H10407 in challenge studies and crossprotected against ETEC H10407 in both mice and rabbits, preventing weight loss and diarrhoea. Ileal loop experiments in rabbits and BALB/c mice showed no reactogenicity. This review, based on our previous research, therefore provides valuable insights into improving the selection of animal models to advance preclinical evaluations of diarrhoeal vaccines.
The Effect of Exercise on Immune Response in Population with Increased Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Nik Zaid Nik Siti , Muhamad Ayu Suzailiana ,   Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Jawis Mohd Nidzam ,   Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ooi Foong Kiew ,   Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mohamed Mahaneem ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mohamud Rohimah ,   Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Hamdan Nor Faeiza ,   Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Jusoh Normah ,   Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia
Published: October 2024

This systematic review aimed to provide information on existing interventional studies that evaluate the efficacy of exercise in populations with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through immune functional perspectives. A literature search was conducted in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis and ScienceDirect from January 2012 to February 2023. The articles were screened and evaluated for quality before data were extracted. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022321704). In total, 18 studies were included for quality appraisal and synthesised evidence indicated that exercise contributes to enhancing the functioning of both innate and adaptive immune responses, potentially serving as an antiimmunosenescent response to exercise in individuals with elevated CVD risk factors. Furthermore, the review emphasised that exercise, irrespective of its type, intensity or mode, was well tolerated by individuals at increased risk for CVD and may have significant implications in generating anti-inflammatory effects.
Factors Affecting Level of Physical Activity among Stroke Survivors: A Scoping Review
Authors:   Centre for Physiotherapy Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Bakhtiar Ali Bashir ,   University Health Centre, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia, Hanafi Muhammad Hafiz ,   Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Alghwiri Alia ,   School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Jordan, Jordan, Manaf Haidzir ,   Centre for Physiotherapy Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Physical activity (PA) is crucial for improving stroke survivors’ health outcomes and quality of life (QoL). Impaired PA levels are common among stroke survivors, a significant portion of whom spend their days in sedentary occupations. Understanding the factors that influence physical inactivity and addressing the barriers to exercise participation can contribute significantly to improving stroke survivors’ health outcomes and prognoses. Therefore, in the current review, we systematically searched five databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar) for published studies reporting PA levels among stroke survivors, which yielded 301 potential articles. Based on the identification and screening processes recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), 13 articles were finally included in the analysis. The results of these studies, covering 1,318 stroke survivors, revealed physical inactivity among most of the participants and significant heterogeneity among the outcome measures used. The factors affecting PA levels among stroke survivors were mainly categorised as physical, psychological, and sociodemographic, and all were significantly associated with PA levels after strokes.
Topological dynamics of adiabatic cat states
Authors: Luneau Jacquelin , Doucot Benoit , Carpentier David
Published: October 2024

We consider a quantum topological frequency converter, realized by coupling a qubit to two slow harmonic modes. The dynamics of such a system is the quantum analog of topological pumping. Our quantum mechanical description shows that an initial state generically evolves into a superposition of two adiabatic states. The topological nature of the coupling between the qubit and the modes splits these two components apart in energy: for each component, an energy transfer at a quantized rate occurs between the two quantum modes, in opposite directions for the two components, reminiscent of the topological pumping. We denote such a superposition of two quantum adiabatic states distinguishable through measures of the modes’ energy an adiabatic cat state. We show that the topological coupling enhances the entanglement between the qubit and the modes, and we unveil the role of the quantum or Fubini-Study metric in the characterization of this entanglement.
Ambient air quality and risk of circulatory diseases for population of a large city in the European north of Russia
Authors:   Northern State Medical University, 51 Troitskii Ave., Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russian Federation, Rastokina T.N. , Peshkova A.A. ,   Northern State Medical University, 51 Troitskii Ave., Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russian Federation, Unguryanu T.N. ,   Northern State Medical University, 51 Troitskii Ave., Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent causes of premature mortality associated with ambient air quality. In the Arkhangelsk region, population mortality caused by diseases of the circulatory system is higher than the national average. The aim of this study was to assess ambient air quality in Arkhangelsk and associated health harm in adult population. The study relied on using data of ambient air monitoring in Arkhangelsk collected over 2011–2022. We analyzed average annual levels of 23 pollutants and primary incidence of diseases of the circulatory system (CVD) and calculated hazard quotients under chronic inhalation exposure (HQ), hazard index (HI) for the cardiovascular system, and the number of attributable deaths associated with exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. Over the analyzed period, the average long-term concentrations of most pollutants met hygienic standards. Average levels of formaldehyde, chromium, copper and benzene were found to exceed the MPL by 1.5–2.3 times. Hazard coefficients for formaldehyde (HQ = 2.3), copper (HQ = 1.8) and PM2.5 (HQ = 1.7) were established to be above their permissible value. The risk of developing general toxic effects is determined to be high (HI = 6.6) for the cardiovascular system. The main contribution to the risk level is made by copper and PM2.5. Attributable outcomes of primary cardiovascular incidence among the adult population of Arkhangelsk associated with exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 equaled 10.7 and 2.9 ‰ cases per year. The greatest harm under exposure to PM2.5 is due to the development of coronary artery disease and amounts to 1.9 ‰ cases per year.
Study of chili peppers and paprika contamination with alternaria toxins as health risk factors
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ust’inskii pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Chalyy Z.A. , Sedova I.B. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ust’inskii pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Spiridonova A.L. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ust’inskii pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Glavica M.I. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ust’inskii pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Kompaintseva D.M. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ust’inskii pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Ivanova U.V. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ust’inskii pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Tutelyan V.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ust’inskii pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation,   Sechenov University, 8/2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

At present, researchers show considerable interest in unregulated toxins of widespread fungi in nature, in particular, metabolites of microfungi of Alternaria genus. These toxins are potentially hazardous for human health and, under unfavorable conditions, capable of producing toxic metabolites, Alternaria toxins (AT), which have shown genotoxicity, mutagenicity and acute toxic effects. They are frequently detected not only in cereals and oilseeds, fruits, nuts, vegetables, but also in spices, especially dried red peppers. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of Alternaria toxins in paprika and chili peppers sold on the domestic market as well as to assess their intakes by humans through their consumption. Concentration of 5 Alternaria toxins (alternatiol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), tentoxin (TEN), tenuazonic acid (TeA)) was detected in 37 samples of dried red peppers marketed in Moscow and Moscow region in 2024 year including paprika (20 samples) and chili pepper (17 samples). The analysis of Alternaria toxins contamination was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS). TeA was detected in 84 % of red pepper samples in concentration from 43 to 3295 µg/kg and TEN – in 40 % cases, in low levels ranging from 1.0 to 11 µg/kg. The occurrence of AT in paprika was higher than in chili pepper. Combined (2 or more toxins) contamination with Alternaria toxins was found only in paprika samples (65 %; the predominant combination is TeA and TEN). Intakes of Alternaria toxins associated with consumption of chili and paprika did not exceed the reference values and ranged from 0.0003 % (for TEN) to 0.24 % (for TeA) of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC).
Measuring Risk Perception and Risk Compensation among Local Residents toward COVID-19 in the Tourism Sandbox Islands: Comparative Evidence from the Phuket Sandbox and Samui Plus Model in Thailand
Authors:   King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang International Demonstration School, 1 Chalong Krung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand, Pholphirul P.
Published: October 2024

Since Thailand is a tourism-dependent country, its economy suffered tremendously during the COVID-19 lockdown. In a pioneering effort to re-open the country, two islands (Phuket and Koh Samui) began to welcome fully vaccinated international visitors in July 2021 under the “Phuket Sandbox”1 and “Samui Plus Model.” Even though the sandbox programs were found to create more income and some benefits for tourism businesses, they also generated concern among local people about contracting such an infectious disease as COVID-19. The aim of this study was to measure perception of COVID-19 infection among local residents due to contacts with in-ternational tourists. Using secondary data from a survey of 400 local residents living on the two islands, monetary compensation under the contingent valuation methods (CVM) and risk perception scale of 0–10 were analyzed to get an indication of the level of local residents’ risk perception toward COVID-19 possibly being transmitted by international tourists. Our results show that the risk perception was found to be higher among those who believed that the coronavirus could possibly result in death. Older individuals, especially females, and those with higher incomes seemed to have a higher risk perception. Residents who were working in the tourism sector were found to have a lower risk level than those who were working in other branches. There were also discordances in terms of education level and risk perception between residents in two islands. The paper suggests that awareness of residents’ risk perception and effective communication regarding such risk perception should be put in place to ensure appropriate practices that affect local residents in such sandbox areas in the future.
The role of genetic factors in likelihood of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors:   Crimea Federal University named after S.I. Georgievsky, 5/7 Lenina blvd, Simferopol, 295000, Russian Federation, Ageeva Е.S.
Published: October 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is the ninth leading cause of worldwide mortality. To predict likelihood of the disease and its unfavorable clinical course with developing complications, it is necessary to consider genetic and molecular factors of DM2 pathogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze the role that belongs to genetic factors in molecular mechanisms of DM2 development and to establish the most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in DM2 pathogenesis. The authors have analyzed literature sources found in such databases as CYBERLENINKA, E-library, and National Center for Biotechnology Information over the last 10 years as well as the integrated database GeneCards. By now, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified about 100 genes and more than 700 polymorphisms that influence DM2 risks and its likelihood. Classifications of candidate genes with their effects and expression being limited by external and internal transcription factors are rather tentative. Literature analysis has established certain ambiguousness of the role that belongs to genetic markers in DM2 pathogenesis. It is advisable to add new genetic markers of the PPARγ, TLR4, IRS and IL-6 genes to the existing test-systems. This will increase the likelihood of detecting hereditary predisposition to diabetes mellitus according to the key molecular-genetic mechanisms of its development and ensure implementation of relevant measures aimed at preventing the disease and early identification of genetic risk groups.
Biocompatible Natural Polymers and Cutting-Edge Fabrication Techniques in the Development of Next-Generation Oral Thin Films for Enhanced Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Wargantiwar Siddhi , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: October 2024

Oral thin films are changing the way drugs are delivered, making drug administration more convenient
and patient-friendly. This review delves into the fascinating possibilities of natural polymers in thin film
design. We consider the benefits of biocompatible polymers produced from chitosan, gelatin, and pullulan.
Their intrinsic biodegradability and safety make them excellent for use with a wide range of patients. Additionally,
the research investigates novel strategies for creating these distinctive drug delivery systems. We look beyond
standard solvent casting techniques, hot melt extrusion methods, rolling methods, etc. These technologies
provide exact control over film qualities, allowing for tailored medication delivery and increased patient
compliance. This review seeks to bridge the gap between natural polymers and cutting-edge fabrication processes.
By investigating this combination, we pave the road for the development of next-generation oral thin
films that are more efficacious, patient-acceptable, and environmentally-friendly.
Discovering the Untouched Perspective of Endangered North American Herb Actaea racemosa
Authors: Kharumnuid Genevive , Pal Rashmi Saxena , Pal Yogendra , Chaitanya Motamarri Naga Lalitha , Srivastava Preeti
Published: October 2024

Actaea racemosa (AR), sometimes also known as black cohosh, is a perennial herb
that grows in the Ranunculaceae family that effloresces in the middle of summer. This herb is
currently present throughout south and west North America despite being endangered in the
eastern section of the continent. Certain information about the photochemistry and biological potential
of this herb is available. In accordance with the scant available ethno-medical reports, this
herb possesses antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporosis, and anticancer
properties. As per the available literature, caffeic acid, isoferulic acid, actein, 23-epi-26 deoxycatein,
cimicifugoside, and ferukinolic acid are the key components found in different parts of
AR. To date, no thorough research or systematic review has been done to highlight the traditional,
biological, and phytochemical benefits of this herb. Consequently, further research is needed
to gain a deeper understanding of this therapeutic herb, particularly about its separation and
pharmacological screening of its insulating portion for a range of biological functions. The goal
of this review was to compile the most recent data on the phytochemical presence of AR. in relation
to its ethnomedical applications, methods of extraction, pharmacological aActaea racemosa (AR), sometimes also known as black cohosh, is a perennial herb
that grows in the Ranunculaceae family that effloresces in the middle of summer. This herb is
currently present throughout south and west North America despite being endangered in the
eastern section of the continent. Certain information about the photochemistry and biological potential
of this herb is available. In accordance with the scant available ethno-medical reports, this
herb possesses antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporosis, and anticancer
properties. As per the available literature, caffeic acid, isoferulic acid, actein, 23-epi-26 deoxycatein,
cimicifugoside, and ferukinolic acid are the key components found in different parts of
AR. To date, no thorough research or systematic review has been done to highlight the traditional,
biological, and phytochemical benefits of this herb. Consequently, further research is needed
to gain a deeper understanding of this therapeutic herb, particularly about its separation and
pharmacological screening of its insulating portion for a range of biological functions. The goal
of this review was to compile the most recent data on the phytochemical presence of AR. in relation
to its ethnomedical applications, methods of extraction, pharmacological applications, and
future potential.pplications, and
future potential.
The Anti-Leukemic Activities of Campesterol and Α-Tocopherol Against BCL-2 Target through Computational Drug Design Approaches
Authors: Agbeniyi Oluwayemisi Titobioluwa , Kumar Neeraj , Kuthi Najwa Ahmad , Okunola Yinka , Akingbade Tomilola Victor , Olowosoke Christopher Busayo , Kehinde Idayat Oyinkansola , Victor Omoboyede , Umar Haruna Isiyaku , Dev Bairagi Rahul , Bin Jardan Yousef A. , Bourhia Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Heterogeneous Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) causes substantial
worldwide morbidity and death. AML is characterized by excessive proliferation of immature
myeloid cells in the bone marrow and impaired apoptotic regulator expression.

Method:

B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), an anti-apoptotic protein overexpressed in AML, promotes
leukemic cell survival and chemoresistance. Thus, reducing BCL-2 may treat AML. Anticancer
activities are found in Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera). Thus, this work used molecular
modeling to assess Aloe vera bioactive chemicals as BCL-2 inhibitors. Molecular docking simulation
showed that all identified Aloe vera phytocompounds have strong BCL-2 binding affinities
(-6.7 to -8.7 kcal/mol).

Result:

Campesterol and α-tocopherol were identified as promising compounds for BCL-2 inhibitor
research based on their drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity profiles. The stability
and conformational of the BCL-2-compound complexes showed that the compounds were stable
in BCL-2's binding pocket.

Conclusion:

Campesterol and α-tocopherol are promising BCL-2 inhibitors that might become effective
anti-leukemic therapies with additional in vitro and in vivo research.

conclusion:

The stability and conformational of the BCL-2-compound complexes showed that the compounds were stable in BCL-2's binding pocket.
Campesterol and α-tocopherol are promising BCL-2 inhibitors that might become effective anti-leukemic therapies with additional in vitro and in vivo research.
Liposomes in Anticancer Strategies
Authors: Izbińska Patrycja , Szlauer Wojciech , Obłąk Ewa
Published: October 2024

Chemotherapy drugs are not fully selective for cancer cells - they can also destroy
healthy cells. Recent advances in nanotechnology have offered hope to overcome this problem. Liposome
carriers are widely studied for their use to deliver drugs and genes inside cancer cells.
Gemini quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) show great application potential among lipid carriers.
Structures made of Gemini surfactants are characterized by a lower critical micelle concentration
(CMC) and higher effectiveness in lowering the surface tension compared to monomeric forms of
this type of compound. Encapsulation of a drug or genetic material is one of the critical steps in
the formation of liposomal carriers. This efficient process allows one to minimize the number of
necessary liposomes capable of delivering a certain amount of active substance. Delivery of a liposome
to a solid tumor depends on the physiological factors of the tumor - vascularity, lymphatic
drainage, interstitial fluid pressure – and on the physicochemical properties of the carrier. Many
nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery have been tested in animal studies but have not achieved
satisfactory clinical success. Promising preclinical research results are not always reflected in the
treatment of patients. Therefore, understanding the relationships governing the transport of the
drug and the carrier to the cancer cell seems to be a key challenge in modern nanotechnology.
Long Non-coding RNAs: Potential Diagnostic and Treatment Targets for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Rizhu , Li Yepeng , Chen Hongming , Gao Jie , Liew Fong Fong
Published: October 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, necessitating ongoing
scientific research to understand its detection, treatment, and prevention. Long non-coding
RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse group of non-coding RNAs that play crucial roles in regulating tumorigenic
processes, such as cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC). Despite not encoding proteins, lncRNAs have significant impacts on the development
and progression of NSCLC. Recent evidence suggests that lncRNAs may serve as valuable
biomarkers for diagnosing and prognosticating NSCLC through tissue or blood analysis, and as potential
therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements
in lncRNA research for NSCLC, offering new insights into their mechanisms of action and
potential therapeutic applications. It also explores promising avenues for therapeutic development.
By elucidating the complex roles of lncRNAs in NSCLC, this article aims to contribute to the development
of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that can significantly enhance patient
outcomes. Understanding the multifaceted functions of lncRNAs in lung cancer has the potential
to lead to substantial progress in early disease detection, targeted treatments, and personalized
medicine, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life for individuals affected by this devastating
disease.
Electrochemical Determination of Tartrazine and Carmoisine Dyes from Aqueous Solutions on Modified Electrodes
Authors: Jabeen Shaista , Bano Shah , Ahmed Safeer
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The recognition of the health hazards of azo dyes has highlighted the need
to develop efficient, rapid, and reliable analytical methods for dye determination.

Method:

In this work, electrochemical probing of the azo group of Tartrazine (TZ) and Carmoisine
(CR) in food dyes was carried out. Synthesized bismuth and zinc oxide nanoparticles were used to
modify Graphite Electrode (GE).

Results:

Electrochemical analysis showed a much better electrochemical response using ZnO+Bi/GE
as a modifier than individually nanoparticle-modified graphite electrodes. From the CV analysis, it
was found that both the dyes exhibited irreversible electrochemical behavior, and the redox parameters
were calculated. The Limit of Detection (LOD) values recorded for TZ and CR for ZnO+Bi/GEbased
sensors were 0.84 uM and 2.80 uM, respectively. The obtained sensitivity values were 11.86
uA/uM/cm2 for TZ and 17.3 uA/uM/cm2 for CR.

Conclusion:

The sensor evidently demonstrated reliable simultaneous detection of both dyes, making
it suitable for practical applications in food safety analysis.
Exploring Innovations in Transdermal Drug Delivery: Microneedle Technologies and the Latest in Patent Developments
Authors: K. Rathod Prachi , Rathod Niravsinh , Vora Pratik Ashwinbhai , Prajapati Bijal , Dharamsi Abhay , Patel Rakesh
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective:

Microneedle technology has emerged as a promising approach for
drug delivery, offering advantages such as improved patient compliance and enhanced therapeutic
efficacy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in microneedle-
based drug delivery systems, emphasizing their potential to overcome limitations associated with
traditional transdermal drug delivery methods. The objective is to synthesize existing knowledge,
identify key trends, and highlight potential applications of microneedle technology in various medical
fields.

Methods:

A systematic approach was employed to select and analyse relevant studies on microneedle
technology. Databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles published and patents or patent applications
worldwide within the last decade, focusing on innovations in microneedle materials, design,
fabrication techniques, and applications. Studies were evaluated based on their methodology,
outcomes, and relevance to current trends in drug delivery. Key data were extracted and synthesized
to provide an integrated perspective on the state of microneedle technology.

Results:

The review highlights significant progress in microneedle technology; innovations in materials,
fabrication techniques, and applications. Advancements include biodegradable microneedles,
vaccine drug delivery systems, and integration with biosensors. Innovations led to improved drug
bioavailability and reduced side effects. Challenges such as scalability, standardization, and regulatory
considerations were also identified.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, microneedle technology has evolved significantly, offering a versatile
platform for controlled drug delivery and various medical applications. The diversity in design and
fabrication methods allows customization for specific therapeutic or diagnostic needs, with numerous
patents filed for microneedle innovations, reflecting the intense research and development in this
field.
The Association between Gallstone Disease and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rahimi Rasoul , Heidari-Soureshjani Saeid , Sherwin Catherine MT , Kasiri Karamali , Rahimian Ghorbanali
Published: October 2024

Background:

Gallstone Disease (GSD) is a multifactorial risk factor for various complications.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the relationship between GSD and Cardiovascular Disease
(CVD) incidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.

Methods:

A thorough search was conducted across Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed,
Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Only studies published between 1980 and December
2023 were included. Chi-square, I2, and forest plots were used to assess heterogeneity. Begg's and
Egger's tests were used to evaluate publication bias. Statistical significance was considered at p
<0.05, and all analyses were performed using Stata 17.

Results:

This meta-analysis involved 21 studies and comprised 2,138,282 participants; there has
been a significant association found between GSD and an increased risk of CVD (with a relative
risk of 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.32-1.63, p <0.001). The analysis found no evidence of
publication bias based on Begg's test (p =0.085) and Egger's test (p =0.231). Subgroup analysis of
the studies showed a higher risk of CVD in studies with a sample size of less than 10,000 participants,
conducted in 2016 or later, utilizing a cross-sectional design, in Asian countries; the analysis
had a moderate quality score, with a follow-up period of equal to or less than ten years.

Conclusion:

There has been a significant association found between GSD and an increased risk of
incidence of CVD. Taking proactive steps to implement targeted interventions for individuals with
gallstone disease could potentially reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease within this population.
Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Mellitus Prediction: Advancements and Challenges - A Review
Authors: Awasthi Rohit , Mahavar Anjali , Shah Shraddha , Patel Darshana , Patel Mukti , Shah Drashti , Patel Ashish
Published: October 2024

Poor dietary habits and a lack of understanding are contributing to the rapid global increase
in the number of diabetic people. Therefore, a framework that can accurately forecast a large
number of patients based on clinical details is needed. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly evolving
field, and its implementations to diabetes, a worldwide pandemic, have the potential to revolutionize
the strategy of diagnosing and forecasting this chronic condition. Algorithms based on artificial
intelligence fundamentals have been developed to support predictive models for the risk of developing
diabetes or its complications. In this review, we will discuss AI-based diabetes prediction.
Thus, AI-based new-onset diabetes prediction has not beaten the statistically based risk stratification
models, in traditional risk stratification models. Despite this, it is anticipated that in the near future, a
vast quantity of well-organized data and an abundance of processing power will optimize AI's predictive
capabilities, greatly enhancing the accuracy of diabetic illness prediction models.
Navigating into the Paradigm of Nose-to-brain Delivery of Nanotherapeutics and their Repurposing as Nanotheranostics for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Ali Asad , A. Emad Nasr , Sultana Niha , Waheed Ayesha , Aqil Mohd. , Sultana Yasmin , Mujeeb Mohd
Published: October 2024

Repurposing drugs for neurodegenerative diseases using the nose-to-brain route of administration
is an intriguing concept with potential benefits. The nose-to-brain route involves delivering
drugs directly to the brain via the olfactory or trigeminal pathways, bypassing the blood-brain
barrier, which can improve drug efficacy and reduce systemic side effects. Treatment of numerous
neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple sclerosis, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's,
Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases has been attempted using this route of administration. These
drugs may include neuroprotective agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, or diseasemodifying
therapies. Nanotheranostics, which integrates therapeutic and diagnostic functions in a
nanosystem, improves treatment precision and efficacy. Repurposing nanotherapeutics as nanotheranostics
for neurodegenerative diseases through the nose-to-brain route of administration holds
great potential for both diagnosis and treatment. This review highlights the various mechanisms engaged
in transporting nanocarriers from nose-to-brain and the proposed fate of these nanocarriers
using different live imaging techniques. Additionally, the discussion covers the recent combinatorial
therapeutic approaches and theranostic applications of various nanocarriers used for neurodegenerative
diseases through the nose-to-brain. Toxicity to the CNS and nasal mucosa and regulatory considerations
about these delivery systems are also deliberated. Overall, repurposed nanoparticles designed
as nanotheranostic agents offer a versatile platform for precise diagnosis, targeted therapy,
and personalized management of neurodegenerative diseases, holding great promise for improving
patient care and advancing our understanding of these complex disorders.
In vitro Characterization and Drug Release Studies of Ethambutol-Loaded Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Delivery
Authors: Jayronia Sonali , Singh Amrita , Mishra Sudhanshu
Published: October 2024

Background:

The development of more effective drug delivery techniques is necessary
to increase treatment efficacy and patient compliance since tuberculosis (TB) is still a serious
worldwide health concern. Ethambutol is a vital aspect of TB treatment, and using nanoparticles to
carry it to the lungs may provide targeted delivery and prolonged release, which might enhance the
effectiveness of the treatment.

Objective:

This work aimed to optimize the formulation for prolonged drug release by synthesizing
and assessing ethambutol-loaded nanoparticles using the desolation technique with albumin as the
polymer. Additionally, the effects of different drug-polymer ratios and stirring rates were investigated.

Methods:

Nine formulations of ethambutol-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by varying the
drug-polymer ratios (1:1 to 1:2) and stirring speeds (500 to 1500 rpm). Key parameters, such as
particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, and zeta potential, were measured. The optimized formulation
was selected based on the smallest particle size and highest drug entrapment efficiency.
Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the surface morphology of the nanoparticles.
The in vitro drug release profile of the optimized formulation was studied over 24 hours.

Results:

Increasing the drug-polymer ratio from 1:1 to 1:2 increased nanoparticle size from 192.1
nm to 605.06 nm and decreased drug entrapment efficiency from 75.7%±0.08 to 34%±0.06. Higher
stirring speeds (500 to 1500 rpm) also led to larger particle sizes and reduced drug entrapment due
to polymer self-aggregation. Zeta potential values ranged from -5.56 to -25.6 mV. Scanning electron
microscopy confirmed smooth, spherical nanoparticles. The optimized formulation, EN-5, exhibited
the smallest particle size and highest drug entrapment efficiency. In vitro drug release studies
showed a sustained ethambutol release, with 42.66±1.53% released in 12 hours and
79.082±2.98% in 24 hours.

Conclusion:

Ethambutol-loaded nanoparticles having the ability to transport drugs to the lungs
over an extended period of time were developed and optimized in the study. With improved drug
delivery systems, the optimized formulation showed notable drug entrapment efficiency and controlled
release, suggesting its potential to improve tuberculosis therapy.
Data Collection and Recharging of Sensor Node by Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Zafor Hanif , Ali Sheikh Tasher , Mazumdar Nabajyoti , Nag Amitava
Published: October 2024

The wireless sensor network (WSN) has limited battery and storage capacity. The main
challenge in static sink nodes is the lack of energy and data transfer to the base station (BS). A mobile
sink (MS) is an excellent way to handle these difficulties in WSN. The use of an MS solution
not only ensures long-term network functionality, but also improves network performance. In this
paper, the MS-based data collection and recharging, mobile device is used for data collection from
sensor nodes and recharging the sensor nodes throughout the network whenever required. There are
two types of MS-based solutions described as (i) Mobile devices for data collection from sensor
nodes in the network. (ii) Mobile device for collecting data and recharging sensor nodes from the
network. Finally, in this paper, we presented the advantages, disadvantages, and other criteria of
both types. Also, a potential framework is presented for data collection and recharging of sensor
nodes by MS in WSN. The core contribution of this paper is present the state of art and future
roadmap for data collection and recharging of sensor nodes by MS in WSN. The identification of
the main open challenges and future direction in this research area are also highlighted and discussed.
Deep Learning-Based Network Security Situation Prediction for Sensor-Enabled Networks
Authors: Indrasenareddy M , Sudhakar Kattupalli , Raguru Jaya Krishna , Chitra D , Kavitha J , Thakur Gopal Kumar , Reddy Pundru Chandra Shaker
Published: October 2024

Aims and background:

Network security detection has become increasingly complex
due to the proliferation of Internet nodes and the ever-changing nature of network architecture. To
address this, a multi-layer feedforward neural-network has been employed to construct a model for
security threat detection, which has enhanced network security protection.

Objectives and Methods:

Improving prediction accuracy and real-time performance, this research
suggests an optimal strategy based on Clockwork Recurrent-Neural-Networks(CW-RNNs) to handle
nonlinearity and temporal dynamics in network security circumstances. We get the model to
pick up on both the short-term and long-term temporal aspects of network-security situations by using
the clock-cycle RNN. To further improve the network security scenario prediction model, we
tune the network hyperparameters using the Grey-Wolf-Optimization(GWO) technique. By incorporating
a clock-cycle for hidden units, the model can improve its pattern recognition capabilities
by learning short-term knowledge from high-frequency update modules and preserving long-term
memory from low-frequency update modules.

Results:

The optimized clock-cycle RNN achieves better prediction accuracy than competing network
models when it comes to extracting nonlinear and temporal characteristics of network security
scenarios, according to the experimental data.

Conclusions:

In addition, our method is perfect for tracking massive amounts of data transmitted by
sensor networks because of its minimal time complexity and outstanding real-time performance.