bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear MHD mixed convection flow and heat and mass transfer of first order chemical reaction over a wedge with variable viscosity in the presence of suction or injection
Authors: Kandasamy R. , Hashim I. , Muhaimin M , Seripah S
Published: March 2008

In the present study, an analysis is carried out to study the variable viscosity and chemical reaction effects on MHD flow, heat, and mass transfer characteristics in a viscous fluid over a porous wedge in the presence of heat radiation. The wall of the wedge is embedded in a uniform Darcian porous medium in order to allow for possible fluid wall suction or injection. The governing boundary layer equations are written into a dimensionless form by similarity transformations. The transformed coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by using the R. K. Gill and shooting methods. The effects of different parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are shown graphically. Comparisons with previously published works are performed and excellent agreement between the results is obtained. The results are presented graphically and the conclusion is drawn that the flow field and other quantities of physical interest are significantly influenced by these parameters.
Survey on sexual harassment in public transportation in Belgrade
Authors: Tanaskovic Branislava , Raceta Milena
Published: March 2008

This paper presents the results of the survey on sexual harassment in public transportation in Belgrade, conducted during 2007. Authors of the survey are Milena Raceta and Branislava Tanaskovic, students on Philosophy faculty in Belgrade, psychology department. In introduction, authors give a short review of research methodology. In the rest of the paper, authors present quantitive survey results obtained through exploration of specific aspects of real sexual harassment experiences. Qualitive analysis of recommendations given by questioned females is also presented. This survey has been conducted using a questionnaire specially constructed by authors for the purpose of this research. Finally, in conclusion, authors summarize the data, and emphasizing the need of an appropriate social action offer some possible solutions for minimizing this type of violence.
Decreased Lipoprotein Clearance Is Responsible for Increased Cholesterol in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice With Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Goldberg Ira J. , Hu Yunying , Noh Hye-Lim , Wei Justin , Huggins Lesley Ann , Rackmill Marnie G. , Hamai Hiroko , Reid Brendan N. , Blaner William S. , Huang Li-Shin
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE—Patients with diabetes often have dyslipidemia and increased postprandial lipidmia. Induction of diabetes in LDL receptor (Ldlr−/−) knockout mice also leads to marked dyslipidemia. The reasons for this are unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We placed Ldlr−/− and heterozygous LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr+/−) mice on a high-cholesterol (0.15%) diet, induced diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ), and assessed reasons for differences in plasma cholesterol.

RESULTS—STZ-induced diabetic Ldlr−/− mice had plasma cholesterol levels more than double those of nondiabetic controls. Fast-performance liquid chromatography and ultracentrifugation showed an increase in both VLDL and LDL. Plasma VLDL became more cholesterol enriched, and both VLDL and LDL had a greater content of apolipoprotein (apo)E. In LDL the ratio of apoB48 to apoB100 was increased. ApoB production, assessed using [35S]methionine labeling in Triton WR1339–treated mice, was not increased in fasting STZ-induced diabetic mice. Similarly, postprandial lipoprotein production was not increased. Reduction of cholesterol in the diet to normalize the amount of cholesterol intake by the control and STZ-induced diabetic animals reduced plasma cholesterol levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice, but plasma cholesterol was still markedly elevated compared with nondiabetic controls. LDL from STZ-induced diabetic mice was cleared from the plasma and trapped more rapidly by livers of control mice. STZ treatment reduced liver expression of the proteoglycan sulfation enzyme, heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotrasferase-1, an effect that was reproduced in cultured hepatocytyes by a high glucose–containing medium.

CONCLUSIONS—STZ-induced diabetic, cholesterol-fed mice developed hyperlipidemia due to a non-LDL receptor defect in clearance of circulating apoB-containing lipoproteins.
Photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange solution with potassium peroxydisulfate
Authors: Junbo Zhong , Di Ma , Hong Zhao , An Lian , Jiao Li , Shengtian Huang , Jianzhang Li
Published: March 2008

Increasing environmental pollution caused by toxic dyes due to their hazardous nature is a matter of great concern. It has been generally agreed that methyl orange (MO) can be effectively degraded in aerated K2S2O8 homogeneous reaction system using near-UV irradiation. In this paper photocatalytic degradation of MO solutions with K2S2O8 was investigated, with particular attention on the possible underlying mechanisms. This report has shown decolorization efficiency of MO increases with the increasing of the dosage of the catalyst. There is no optimal amount of catalyst in our case, where special attention was paid on the nature of the photocatalyst itself. The current research revealed that the decolorization reaction is a pseudo first-order reaction when the concentration of MO is below 20 mg L−1 and the decolorization reaction is zero-order reaction when the concentration of MO is above 100 mg L−1, but the Langmuir-Hinshewood kinetic model does not describe this. The influence of IO 4−, BrO 3− and H2O2 were investigated in detailed. Several observations indicate that the mechanism is not involved in hydroxyl radical attacks in MO degradation with K2S2O8 by UV irradiation. The possible underlying mechanisms are direct oxidation of the MO by S2O 82− and hydrogen attraction by SO 4•−.
Microstructural study of MBE-grown ZnO film on GaN/sapphire (0001) substrate
Authors: Li Hua , Sang Jianping , Liu Chang , Lu Hongbing , Cao Juncheng
Published: March 2008

Single crystalline ZnO film is grown on GaN/sapphire (0001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. Ga2O3 is introduced into the ZnO/GaN heterostructure intentionally by oxygen-plasma pre-exposure on the GaN surface prior to ZnO growth. The crystalline orientation and interfacial microstructure are characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis shows strong c-axis preferred orientation of the ZnO film. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images reveal that an additional phase is formed at the interface of ZnO/GaN. Through a comparison of diffraction patterns, we confirm that the interface layer is monoclinic Ga2O3 and the main epitaxial relationship should be $$
(0001)_{ZnO} \parallel (001)_{Ga_2 O_3 } \parallel (0001)_{GaN}
$$ and $$
[2 - 1 - 10]_{ZnO} \parallel [010]_{Ga_2 O_3 } \parallel [2 - 1 - 10]_{GaN}
$$.
The symmetry group of the quantum harmonic oscillator in an electric field
Authors: Lejarreta Juan , Cerveró Jose
Published: March 2008

In this paper we present two results. First, we derive the most general group of infinitesimal transformations for the Schrödinger Equation of the general time-dependent Harmonic Oscillator in an electric field. The infinitesimal generators and the commutation rules of this group are presented and the group structure is identified. From here it is easy to construct a set of unitary operators that transform the general Hamiltonian to a much simpler form. The relationship between squeezing and dynamical symmetries is also stressed. The second result concerns the application of these group transformations to obtain solutions of the Schrödinger equation in a time-dependent potential. These solutions are believed to be useful for describing particles confined in boxes with moving boundaries. The motion of the walls is indeed governed by the time-dependent frequency function. The applications of these results to non-rigid quantum dots and tunnelling through fluctuating barriers is also discussed, both in the presence and in the absence of a time-dependent electric field. The differences and similarities between both cases are pointed out.
Shaping and switching of polychromatic light in arrays of periodically curved nonlinear waveguides
Authors: Garanovich Ivan , Sukhorukov Andrey , Kivshar Yuri
Published: March 2008

We overview our recent theoretical results on spatio-spectral control, diffraction management, and broadband all-optical switching of polychromatic light in periodically curved one and two dimensional arrays of coupled optical waveguides. In particular, we show that polychromatic light beams and patterns produced by white-light and supercontinuum sources can experience wavelength-independent normal, anomalous, or zero diffraction in specially designed structures. We also demonstrate that in the nonlinear regime, it is possible to achieve broadband all-optical switching of polychromatic light in a directional waveguide coupler with special bending of the waveguide axes. Our results suggest novel opportunities for creation of all-optical logical gates and switches which can operate in a very broad frequency region, e.g., covering the entire visible spectrum.
Optimal homotopy asymptotic method with application to thin film flow
Authors: Marinca Vasile , Herişanu Nicolae , Nemeş Iacob
Published: March 2008

A new approximate analytical technique to address for non-linear problems, namely Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) is proposed and has been applied to thin film flow of a fourth grade fluid down a vertical cylinder. This approach however, does not depend upon any small/large parameters in comparison to other perturbation method. This method provides a convenient way to control the convergence of approximation series and allows adjustment of convergence regions where necessary. The series solution has been developed and the recurrence relations are given explicitly. The results reveal that the proposed method is very accurate, effective and easy to use.
Investigation of the electronic structure of the SbSeBr cluster
Authors: Audzijonis Algirdas , Gaigalas Gediminas , Žigas Leonardas , Pauliukas Audrius , Šalkus Bronislovas , Žaltauskas Raimundas , Kvedaravičius Antanas , Čerškus Aurimas , Narušis Jurgis
Published: March 2008

The energy levels of valence bands (VB) in SbSeBr crystals were calculated for investigation of the photoelectron emission spectra of A5B6C7 — type crystals. The molecular model of this crystal was used for calculation of VB by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Unrestricted Hartree — Fock (UHF) methods. The molecular cluster consisting of 20 molecules of SbSeBr was used for calculations of averaged total density of states including atom vibrations. The spectra of averaged total density of states from VB in the SbSeBr cluster were compared with experimental photoelectron emission spectra from VB of A5B6C7 — type crystals. The results of comparison clarify that the atomic vibrations are one of possible reasons for the smoother appearance of the experimental X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS).
Ossification of renal cell carcinoma: a favorable marker
Authors: Serefoglu Ege , Yazgan Aylin , Altinova Serkan , Ozdemir Ahmet , Akincioglu Egemen , Balbay M.
Published: March 2008

Although foci of calcification in renal cell carcinoma is frequently observed, ossification is extremely rare and may be a marker for favorable prognosis. We report a case of renal cell carcinoma with a focus of ossification; this case was not detected with imaging techniques prior to surgery and diagnosed initially on pathologic examination, unlike other cases. If the radiographic evaluation for ossification is inconclusive but the mass is extremely hard to palpate or difficult to cut, the surgeon should remember the favorable prognosis of such lesions and might consider a limited procedure such as partial nephrectomy while waiting for pathological analysis.
Dynamic Kinematic and Plantar Pressure Changes Following Cheilectomy for Hallux Rigidus: A Mid-Term Followup
Authors: Nawoczenski Deborah A. , Ketz John , Baumhauer Judith F.
Published: March 2008

Background: Hallux rigidus leads to significant loss of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint motion. Cheilectomy surgery aims to increase motion, decrease pain, and facilitate a return to activity. Limited data exist regarding restoration of dynamic kinematics and loading responses following cheilectomy. This prospective study assessed three-dimensional in vivo first MTP joint kinematics and loading characteristics following cheilectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients were evaluated prior to undergoing cheilectomy for hallux rigidus. Fifteen subjects returned for mid-term followup at 1.7 years. Eleven subjects were surveyed at 6 years. Plantar pressure data were acquired during barefoot walking. Comparisons of average pressures were determined for 4 different regions of the foot. Pressure differences were compared within, and between symptomatic and asymptomatic feet. First MTP joint dorsiflexion and abduction were assessed during standing, active motion and gait. Results: Only four out of 15 patients showed increased lateral metatarsal loading preoperatively. Pressures shifted medially following surgery. Significant increases in dorsiflexion were found for active motion (pre-op = 13.3 ± 12.7 degrees; post-op = 21.7 ± 14.7 degrees, p = 0.005) and dorsiflexion during gait (pre-op = 19.3 ± 12 degrees; post-op = 30.8 ± 14.8 degrees, p = 0.01). Hallux abduction also increased. During standing, the hallux remained in plantarflexion relative to the first metatarsal. Conclusion: Cheilectomy was effective in maintaining balanced plantar loading. First MTP motion increased but dorsiflexion was still less than normative values. The magnitude of dorsiflexion relative to abduction favorably improved during gait. These findings suggest that kinematics continue to be altered and may lead to further degenerative joint changes. Exploration of alternative surgical techniques is warranted.
Triple Arthrodesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Knupp Markus , Skoog Anne , Törnkvist Hans , Ponzer Sari
Published: March 2008

Background: Few studies have focused on the long-term results of triple arthrodesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We retrospectively reviewed fusion rate, arthritis of the adjacent joints, clinical outcome, and patient satisfaction. Materials and Methods: Between 1990 and 1998, 28 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were managed with a total of 32 triple arthrodeses. Of the 28 patients, 20 (24 cases) had been followed for 5.2 (range, 4 to 7) years. Fusion was performed with rigid staple fixation and autologous bone graft. Assessment included plain radiographs, CT scans, and various clinical scores. Results: Complications were limited to superficial wound healing problems in 8 patients (8 cases). No revision surgery was necessary. Radiographically, all feet showed fusion. Progression of arthritis was found in 17 cases, mostly in the midfoot. The visual analogue scale for pain averaged 47 (range, 3 to 94) points. The SMFA scores were 45 (range, 10 to 71) points for dysfunction and 38 (range, 10 to 72) points for bother with a significant association ( p < 0.05) between the SMFA- and the AOFAS-Score. The mean Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical component outcomes score was 51 (range, 18 to 98) points and the AOFAS score averaged 70 (range, 40 to 94) points. All patients stated that they would have the procedure again under similar circumstances. Conclusion: Triple arthrodesis in rheumatoid patients is effective in relieving pain and improving functional deficits. High fusion rates can be expected. There is, however, a high risk for consecutive arthritis of the neighboring joints, especially in the midfoot.
A Biomechanical Study of Achilles Tendon Repair Augmentation Using GraftJacket Matrix
Authors: Barber F. Alan , McGarry John E. , Herbert Morley A. , Anderson Robert Bentley
Published: March 2008

Background: Ruptured Achilles tendons benefit from primary repair by decreasing re-rupture rates and allowing earlier range of motion. A stronger repair might allow for more aggressive rehabilitation decreasing postoperative stiffness, calf atrophy, and repair site gapping. The hypothesis of this study was that human dermal allograft augmentation of an Achilles repair would significantly increase repair strength and stiffness. This study evaluated strength and stiffness of an Achilles tendon repair augmented with a human dermal allograft (GraftJacket). Materials and Methods: Eight matched pairs of human cadaver legs were used. Simulated Achilles tendon ruptures were created 4 cm proximal to the calcaneal insertion. All tendons were repaired with a Krackow locking loop stitch. One of each matched pair was augmented with GraftJacket. Each construct was pre-loaded at 10 N and cyclically loaded (20 cycles) from 2 N to 30 N at a rate of 5 N/sec on an Instron machine. This was followed by testing to failure at a displacement rate of 6 mm/sec. Results: The ultimate failure load in the control group was 217 N ± 31 compared to 455 N ± 76.5 in the GraftJacket group ( p < 0.001). The mean stiffness in the control group was 4.3 ± 0.83 N/mm which was significantly less than the 12.99 ± 5.34 N/mm in the GraftJacket group ( p = 0.002). Conclusion: The augmentation of an Achilles tendon repair with GraftJacket significantly increased repair strength and stiffness. Clinical Significance: These findings suggest that a GraftJacket augmented Achilles tendon repair could acutely withstand a more aggressive rehabilitation program, potentially decreasing ankle stiffness and allowing earlier return to full activities.
Technique Tip: Tubularizing Flat Tendons in Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Pace Alistair , Dhar Sunil
Published: March 2008

We describe a novel technique of tubularizing flat tendons in tendon transfer procedures, including Jones procedure and Chrisman-Snook reconstruction. The technique strengthens the tendon, facilitates passage and fixation through bony tunnels, and helps protect it from fraying.
Family History and Uterine Fibroid Development in Black and African American Women
Authors: Langton Christine R. , Harmon Quaker E. , Baird Donna D.
Published: April 2024

Importance

Uterine fibroids are an understudied condition, with earlier onset in Black than White women. Prior studies of the importance of family history on fibroid development are limited by reliance on hospital-based participant selection, poorly defined measures of family history, and nonsystematic fibroid assessment.

Objective

To examine whether family history is a risk factor for fibroid development using prospective ultrasonography data to identify incident fibroids and measure fibroid growth and standardized methods to ascertain family history.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective community cohort of Black and African American women from the Detroit, Michigan, area was conducted from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018, using 4 standardized ultrasonographic examinations during 5 years to detect fibroids 0.5 cm or larger in diameter and measure fibroid growth. Data analysis was performed between May 2022 and January 2024.

Exposures

Maternal fibroid history data were gathered directly from participants’ mothers when possible (1425/1628 [88%]), and 2 exposure variables were created: maternal history of fibroids (diagnosed vs not diagnosed) and age at maternal fibroid diagnosis (20-29, 30-39, or ≥40 years vs not diagnosed).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Fibroid incidence was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models; fibroid growth was calculated as change in log-volume per 18 months for fibroids matched at successive ultrasonograms.

Results

A total of 1610 self-identified Black and/or African American women aged 23 to 35 years (mean [SD] age, 29.2 [3.4] years) with no prior clinical diagnosis of fibroids at enrollment were available for analysis. Of 1187 fibroid-free participants at enrollment, 442 (37%) had mothers who were diagnosed with fibroids. Compared with participants without a maternal history of fibroids, those reporting maternal history had an adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) of 1.21 (95% CI, 0.96-1.52). Risk was strongest in those whose mothers were diagnosed at a younger age (20-29 years: AHR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.11-2.21; 30-39 years: AHR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.71-1.49; ≥40 years: AHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.81-1.52; P = .053 for trend). Fibroid growth rates were higher when mothers were diagnosed with fibroids vs not diagnosed (8.0% increased growth; 95% CI, −1.2% to 18.0%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prospective cohort study, results supported maternal history of fibroids as a risk factor for incident fibroids, especially when mothers were diagnosed at a younger age. Maternal history was also associated with increased fibroid growth. Asking patients about their family history of fibroids could encourage patient self-advocacy and inform care.
The Alcatraz‐Strategy: a roadmap to break the connectivity barrier in malignant brain tumours
Authors: Schneider Matthias , Potthoff Anna‐Laura , Karpel‐Massler Georg , Schuss Patrick , Siegelin Markus D. , Debatin Klaus‐Michael , Duffau Hugues , Vatter Hartmut , Herrlinger Ulrich , Westhoff Mike‐Andrew
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the discovery of functional and communicative cellular tumour networks has led to a new understanding of malignant primary brain tumours. In this review, the authors shed light on the diverse nature of cell‐to‐cell connections in brain tumours and propose an innovative treatment approach to address the detrimental connectivity of these networks. The proposed therapeutic outlook revolves around three main strategies: (a) supramarginal resection removing a substantial portion of the communicating tumour cell front far beyond the gadolinium‐enhancing tumour mass, (b) morphological isolation at the single cell level disrupting structural cell‐to‐cell contacts facilitated by elongated cellular membrane protrusions known as tumour microtubes (TMs), and (c) functional isolation at the single cell level blocking TM‐mediated intercellular cytosolic exchange and inhibiting neuronal excitatory input into the malignant network. We draw an analogy between the proposed therapeutic outlook and the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, where inmates faced an impassable sea barrier and experienced both spatial and functional isolation within individual cells. Based on current translational efforts and ongoing clinical trials, we propose the Alcatraz‐Strategy as a promising framework to tackle the harmful effects of cellular brain tumour networks.
Research on adaptive particle swarm optimization particle filter target tracking algorithm in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Jiang Chun‐Yan , Wu Jing , Gou Rong , Fu Jing‐Fang
Published: April 2024

With regard to target tracking in wireless sensor networks, we are faced with problems like deficient occlusion handling and tracking failures during rapid movements due to complex and diverse circumstances. In order to effectively improve the accuracy of particle filter tracking caused by particle degradation, we propose an adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) particle filter algorithm. This algorithm uses particle filters to predict the target location in a particular area and introduces the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, of which both the evolutionary speed and the convergence accuracy are further improved by investigating the particle distribution through an entropy analysis, employing three different inertial weighting strategies and dynamic double mutation strategy, and exploiting the capabilities of the adaptive balancing algorithm in global and local searching. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm has a reduced root mean square error, shorter time consumption, faster speed, reduced target tracking error, and higher average success rate, so this algorithm exhibits sound real‐time performance and accuracy in terms of occlusion handling and tracking loss.
Deciphering the Performance Enhancement, Cell Failure Mechanism, and Amelioration Strategy of Sodium Storage in Metal Chalcogenides‐Based Anodes
Authors: Li Tong , Wang Boxi , Song Haobin , Mei Peng , Hu Junping , Zhang Manman , Chen Guanghui , Yan Dong , Zhang Daohong , Huang Shaozhuan
Published: April 2024

Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) emerge as promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), heralding a new era of energy storage solutions. Despite their potential, the mechanisms underlying their performance enhancement and susceptibility to failure in ether‐based electrolytes remain elusive. This study delves into these aspects, employing CoS2 electrodes as a case in point to elucidate the phenomena. The investigation reveals that CoS2 undergoes a unique irreversible and progressive solid–liquid–solid phase transition from its native state to sodium polysulfides (NaPSs), and ultimately to a Cu1.8S/Co composite, accompanied by a gradual morphological transformation from microspheres to a stable 3D porous architecture. This reconstructed 3D porous structure is pivotal for its exceptional Na+ diffusion kinetics and resilience to cycling‐induced stress, being the main reason for ultrastable cycling and ultrahigh rate capability. Nonetheless, the CoS2 electrode suffers from an inevitable cycle life termination due to the microshort‐circuit induced by Na metal corrosion and separator degradation. Through a comparative analysis of various TMCs, a predictive framework linking electrode longevity is established to electrode potential and Gibbs free energy. Finally, the cell failure issue is significantly mitigated at a material level (graphene encapsulation) and cell level (polypropylene membrane incorporation) by alleviating the NaPSs shuttling and microshort‐circuit.
Atomic Pt Sites Anchored in the Interface between Grains on Vacancy‐Enriched CeO2 Nanosheets: One‐Step Precursor Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Dong Feng , Liang Xiao , Zhang Zedong , Yin Haibo , Wang Dingsheng , Li Junhua , Li Yadong
Published: April 2024

Atomic metal catalysts have unique electronic, structural, and catalytic properties, which are widely used in the field of catalysis. However, designing new simple synthesis methods to fabricate atomic metal catalysts is a challenge in catalytic applications. Herein, a one‐step precursor combustion strategy is presented that starts directly from precursors of metal salts, using a spontaneous combustion process convert platinum nitrate to atomic Pt sites. The atomic Pt sites with low valence are anchored in the formed interface between grains on vacancy‐enriched CeO2 nanosheets. The obtained Pt/CeO2‐2 catalyst exhibits much higher three‐way catalytic activities at low temperatures than Pt/CeO2‐C catalysts prepared using the traditional impregnation method. Density functional theory calculations show that the generated lower valent Pt atoms in the CeO2 interface promote catalytic activity through reducing the energy barrier, and lead to an overall improvement of three‐way catalytic activities. This facile strategy provides new insights into the study of the properties and applications of atomic noble metal catalysts.
Toward Intelligent Display with Neuromorphic Technology
Authors: Zhang Xianghong , Liu Di , Liu Shuai , Cai Yongjie , Shan Liuting , Chen Cong , Chen Huimei , Liu Yaqian , Guo Tailiang , Chen Huipeng
Published: April 2024

In the era of the Internet and the Internet of Things, display technology has evolved significantly toward full‐scene display and realistic display. Incorporating “intelligence” into displays is a crucial technical approach to meet the demands of this development. Traditional display technology relies on distributed hardware systems to achieve intelligent displays but encounters challenges stemming from the physical separation of sensing, processing, and light‐emitting modules. The high energy consumption and data transformation delays limited the development of intelligence display, breaking the physical separation is crucial to overcoming the bottlenecks of intelligence display technology. Inspired by the biological neural system, neuromorphic technology with all‐in‐one features is widely employed across various fields. It proves effective in reducing system power consumption, facilitating frequent data transformation, and enabling cross‐scene integration. Neuromorphic technology shows great potential to overcome display technology bottlenecks, realizing the full‐scene display and realistic display with high efficiency and low power consumption. This review offers a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in the application of neuromorphic technology in displays, with a focus on interoperability. This work delves into its state‐of‐the‐art designs and potential future developments aimed at revolutionizing display technology.
Ultrathin All‐Solid‐State MoS2‐Based Electrolyte Gated Synaptic Transistor with Tunable Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Film
Authors: Oh Jungyeop , Park Seohak , Lee Sang Hun , Kim Sungkyu , Lee Hyeonji , Lee Changhyeon , Hong Woonggi , Cha Jun‐Hwe , Kang Mingu , Jin Jun Hyup , Im Sung Gap , Kim Min Ju , Choi Sung‐Yool
Published: April 2024

Electrolyte‐gated synaptic transistors (EGSTs) have attracted considerable attention as synaptic devices owing to their adjustable conductance, low power consumption, and multi‐state storage capabilities. To demonstrate high‐density EGST arrays, 2D materials are recommended owing to their excellent electrical properties and ultrathin profile. However, widespread implementation of 2D‐based EGSTs has challenges in achieving large‐area channel growth and finding compatible nanoscale solid electrolytes. This study demonstrates large‐scale process‐compatible, all‐solid‐state EGSTs utilizing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channels grown through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sub‐30 nm organic‐inorganic hybrid electrolyte polymers synthesized via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). The iCVD technique enables precise modulation of the hydroxyl group density in the hybrid matrix, allowing the modulation of proton conduction, resulting in adjustable synaptic performance. By leveraging the tunable iCVD‐based hybrid electrolyte, the fabricated EGSTs achieve remarkable attributes: a wide on/off ratio of 109, state retention exceeding 103, and linear conductance updates. Additionally, the device exhibits endurance surpassing 5 × 104 cycles, while maintaining a low energy consumption of 200 fJ/spike. To evaluate the practicality of these EGSTs, a subset of devices is employed in system‐level simulations of MNIST handwritten digit recognition, yielding a recognition rate of 93.2%.
Discovery of a Novel Pseudo‐Natural Product Aurora Kinase Inhibitor Chemotype through Morphological Profiling
Authors: Wang Lin , Yilmaz Furkan , Yildirim Okan , Schölermann Beate , Bag Sukdev , Greiner Luca , Pahl Axel , Sievers Sonja , Scheel Rebecca , Strohmann Carsten , Squire Christopher , Foley Daniel J. , Ziegler Slava , Grigalunas Michael , Waldmann Herbert
Published: April 2024

The pseudo‐natural product (pseudo‐NP) concept aims to combine NP fragments in arrangements that are not accessible through known biosynthetic pathways. The resulting compounds retain the biological relevance of NPs but are not yet linked to bioactivities and may therefore be best evaluated by unbiased screening methods resulting in the identification of unexpected or unprecedented bioactivities. Herein, various NP fragments are combined with a tricyclic core connectivity via interrupted Fischer indole and indole dearomatization reactions to provide a collection of highly three‐dimensional pseudo‐NPs. Target hypothesis generation by morphological profiling via the cell painting assay guides the identification of an unprecedented chemotype for Aurora kinase inhibition with both its relatively highly 3D structure and its physicochemical properties being very different from known inhibitors. Biochemical and cell biological characterization indicate that the phenotype identified by the cell painting assay corresponds to the inhibition of Aurora kinase B.
DNA Framework‐Based Programmable Atom‐Like Nanoparticles for Non‐Coding RNA Recognition and Differentiation of Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhu Fulin , Yang Xinyu , Ouyang Lilin , Man Tiantian , Chao Jie , Deng Shengyuan , Zhu Dan , Wan Ying
Published: April 2024

The cooperative diagnosis of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can accurately reflect the state of cell differentiation and classification, laying the foundation of precision medicine. However, there are still challenges in simultaneous analyses of multiple ncRNAs and the integration of biomarker data for cell typing. In this study, DNA framework‐based programmable atom‐like nanoparticles (PANs) are designed to develop molecular classifiers for intra‐cellular imaging of multiple ncRNAs associated with cell differentiation. The PANs‐based molecular classifier facilitates signal amplification through the catalytic hairpin assembly. The interaction between PAN reporters and ncRNAs enables high‐fidelity conversion of ncRNAs expression level into binding events, and the assessment of in situ ncRNAs levels via measurement of the fluorescent signal changes of PAN reporters. Compared to non‐amplified methods, the detection limits of PANs are reduced by four orders of magnitude. Using human gastric cancer cell lines as a model system, the PANs‐based molecular classifier demonstrates its capacity to measure multiple ncRNAs in living cells and assesses the degree of cell differentiation. This approach can serve as a universal strategy for the classification of cancer cells during malignant transformation and tumor progression.
Designing a Novel Wide Bandgap Small Molecule Guest for Enhanced Stability and Morphology Mediation in Ternary Organic Solar Cells with over 19.3% Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Zhong Xiuzun , Sun Xiaokang , Lv Jie , Ji Yaxiong , Fu Jiehao , Zhao Chaoyue , Yao Yiguo , Zhang Guangye , Deng Wanyuan , Wang Kai , Li Gang , Hu Hanlin
Published: April 2024

In this study, a novel wide‐bandgap small molecule guest material, ITOA, designed and synthesized for fabricating efficient ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) ITOA complements the absorbance of the PM6:Y6 binary system, exhibiting strong crystallinity and modest miscibility. ITOA optimizes the morphology by promoting intensive molecular packing, reducing domain size, and establishing a preferred vertical phase distribution. These features contribute to improved and well‐balanced charge transport, suppressed carrier recombination, and efficient exciton dissociation. Consequently, a significantly enhanced efficiency of 18.62% for the ternary device is achieved, accompanied by increased short‐circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF), and open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Building on this success, replacing Y6 with BTP‐eC9 leads to an outstanding PCE of 19.33% for the ternary OSCs. Notably, the introduction of ITOA expedites the formation of the optimized morphology, resulting in an impressive PCE of 18.04% for the ternary device without any postprocessing. Moreover, the ternary device exhibits enhanced operational stability under maximum power point (MPP) tracking. This comprehensive study demonstrates that a rationally designed guest molecule can optimize morphology, reduce energy loss, and streamline the fabrication process, essential for achieving high efficiency and stability in OSCs, paving the way for practical commercial applications.
Low incidence of pancreatic fistula and well‐preserved endocrine function with non‐reconstructed small remnant pancreas after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Miyashita Mamiko , Yoshioka Ryuji , Fukumura Yuki , Takamatsu Manabu , Oba Atsushi , Ono Yoshihiro , Inoue Yosuke , Mise Yoshihiro , Takahashi Yu , Saiura Akio
Published: April 2024

Aim

Pancreatic reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) that leaves a small remnant pancreas is often difficult. Pancreatic fistula is a major complication after PD, and fistulas are rare in patients with hard pancreas. However, the clinical impact of non‐reconstructed small remnant after PD with hard pancreas is unknown.

Methods

We included all patients who underwent PD for pancreatic tumor without pancreatic reconstruction in two institutions supervised by one surgeon between January 2004 and March 2021. Their short‐ or long‐term outcome after surgery was retrospectively analyzed.

Results

PD was performed in 774 patients, of whom 16 patients were without reconstruction (2.1%) with negative margins at the pancreatic stump. Pancreatic transection was performed above or to the left of the superior mesenteric artery, with a median remnant pancreas length of 3.7 cm (range, 1.3–10.0). A major complication (≥ Clavien–Dindo Grade IIIa) occurred in one patient (6%). Fistula of grade B occurred in one patient (6%). After a median follow‐up of 44 months (95%CI, 10.6–77.3), insulin administration was unnecessary in 11 patients.

Conclusion

The preservation of a small pancreatic remnant without reconstruction after PD can be performed safely and may enable the keeping of pancreatic endocrine function for some selected patients with hard pancreas.
Machine learning meets process control: Unveiling the potential of LSTMc
Authors: Sitapure Niranjan , Kwon Joseph Sang‐Il
Published: April 2024

In the past three decades, proportional‐integral/PI‐differential (PI/PID) controllers and model predictive controller (MPCs) have predominantly governed complex chemical process control. Despite their advancements, these approaches have limitations, with PI/PID controllers requiring scenario‐specific tuning and MPC being computationally demanding. To tackle these issues, we introduce the long‐short‐term‐memory (LSTM)‐controller (LSTMc), a model‐free, data‐driven framework leveraging LSTM networks' robust time‐series prediction capabilities. The LSTMc predicts subsequent manipulated inputs by evaluating state evolution and error dynamics from both the current and previous time‐steps, which proved effective in our dextrose batch crystallization case study. Remarkably, the achieves less than 2% set‐point deviation, three times better than MPCs, and retains robustness even with 10%–15% sensor noise. With these results, LSTMc emerges as a promising alternative for process control, adeptly adjusting to changing process conditions and set‐points, providing efficient computation for an optimal input profile, and effectively filtering out common industrial process noise.
The power of gibbon songs: Going beyond the research to inform conservation actions
Authors: Cheyne Susan M. , Thompson Carolyn , Martin Alizeé , K. Aulia Abdul Aziz , Birot Helene , Cahyaningrum Eka , Aragay Joana , Hutasoit Petricia Andini , Sugardjito Jito
Published: April 2024

Gibbons (Hylobatidae) are the smallest of the apes, known for their arboreal behavior and stereotyped songs. These species and sex‐specific songs are often the subject of detailed studies regarding their evolution, responses to changing environments, involvement in social behavior, and used to design vocalization‐based survey techniques to monitor population densities and trends. What is poorly understood is the value and impact of using the science and sound of gibbon vocalization and gibbon stories in education and outreach to complement nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) efforts. We present an example of how Borneo Nature Foundation, a NGOs based in Indonesia, is working to use the recordings of the songs of Bornean white‐bearded gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) to inform conservation actions and education efforts. Gibbons in Indonesia are often poorly known or understood by the public compared to orangutans (Pongo spp). We showcase how a field of study, namely primate acoustics, is an untapped resource to create digital content to engage with local, national and international communities and can be developed into educational tools in the form of storytelling, mobile apps and games, to highlight the plight of these threatened species and how to conserve them.
LRP1 facilitates hepatic glycogenesis by improving the insulin signaling pathway in HFD‐fed mice
Authors: Guo Xingxian , Pu Jiangxia , Tang Ziqi , Jia Can , Yang Fan , Liu Tianyi , Ding Yinyuan
Published: April 2024

Background

LDL receptor‐related protein‐1 (LRP1) is a cell‐surface receptor that functions in diverse physiological pathways. We previously demonstrated that hepatocyte‐specific LRP1 deficiency (hLRP1KO) promotes diet‐induced insulin resistance and increases hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. However, it remains unclear whether LRP1 regulates hepatic glycogenesis.

Methods

Insulin signaling, glycogenic gene expression, and glycogen content were assessed in mice and HepG2 cells. The pcDNA 3.1 plasmid and adeno‐associated virus serotype 8 vector (AAV8) were used to overexpress the truncated β‐chain (β∆) of LRP1 both in vitro and in vivo.

Results

On a normal chow diet, hLRP1KO mice exhibited impaired insulin signaling and decreased glycogen content. Moreover, LRP1 expression in HepG2 cells was significantly repressed by palmitate in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Both LRP1 knockdown and palmitate treatment led to reduced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β, increased levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase (GYS), and diminished glycogen synthesis in insulin‐stimulated HepG2 cells, which was restored by exogenous expression of the β∆‐chain. By contrast, AAV8‐mediated hepatic β∆‐chain overexpression significantly improved the insulin signaling pathway, thus activating glycogenesis and enhancing glycogen storage in the livers of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice.

Conclusion

Our data revealed that LRP1, especially its β‐chain, facilitates hepatic glycogenesis by improving the insulin signaling pathway, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for hepatic insulin resistance‐related diseases.
How can we establish animal models of HIV‐associated lymphoma?
Authors: Xiao Qing , Zhai Liuyue , Zhang Xiaomei , Liu Yi , Li Jun , Xie Xiaoqing , Xu Guofa , He Sanxiu , Fu Huihui , Tang Yifeng , Zhang Fujie , Liu Yao
Published: April 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is strongly associated with a heightened incidence of lymphomas. To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection, animal models have been developed. These models serve as valuable tools to investigate disease pathobiology, assess antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs, explore viral reservoirs, and develop eradication strategies. However, there are currently no validated in vivo models of HIV‐associated lymphoma (HAL), hampering progress in this crucial domain, and scant attention has been given to developing animal models dedicated to studying HAL, despite their pivotal role in advancing knowledge. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing animal models of HAL, which may enhance our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and approaches for malignancies linked to HIV infection.
Determinants and Biomarkers of Progression Independent of Relapses in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Calabrese Massimiliano , Preziosa Paolo , Scalfari Antonio , Colato Elisa , Marastoni Damiano , Absinta Martina , Battaglini Marco , De Stefano Nicola , Di Filippo Massimiliano , Hametner Simon , Howell Owain W. , Inglese Matilde , Lassmann Hans , Martin Roland , Nicholas Richard , Reynolds Richard , Rocca Maria A. , Tamanti Agnese , Vercellino Marco , Villar Luisa Maria , Filippi Massimo , Magliozzi Roberta
Published: April 2024

Clinical, pathological, and imaging evidence in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that a smoldering inflammatory activity is present from the earliest stages of the disease and underlies the progression of disability, which proceeds relentlessly and independently of clinical and radiological relapses (PIRA). The complex system of pathological events driving “chronic” worsening is likely linked with the early accumulation of compartmentalized inflammation within the central nervous system as well as insufficient repair phenomena and mitochondrial failure. These mechanisms are partially lesion‐independent and differ from those causing clinical relapses and the formation of new focal demyelinating lesions; they lead to neuroaxonal dysfunction and death, myelin loss, glia alterations, and finally, a neuronal network dysfunction outweighing central nervous system (CNS) compensatory mechanisms. This review aims to provide an overview of the state of the art of neuropathological, immunological, and imaging knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the smoldering disease activity, focusing on possible early biomarkers and their translation into clinical practice. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1–20
Der Einschluss von nachhaltigen Kohlenstoffpunkten führt zu langnachleuchtenden Emittern und zu Photokatalysatoren für die radikalische Photopolymerisation
Authors: Wang Ping , Ge Min , Luo Xiongfei , Zhai Yingxiang , Meckbach Nicolai , Strehmel Veronika , Li Shujun , Chen Zhijun , Strehmel Bernd
Published: April 2024

Nachhaltige Kohlenstoffpunkte auf der Basis von Cellulose, insbesondere Carboxymethylcellulose basierende Kohlenstoffpunkte (CMCCDs), wurden in ein anorganisches Netzwerk eingeschlossen, was zur Bildung von CMCCDs@SiO2 führte. Das resultierende Material zeigte ein lange anhaltendes Nachleuchten, welches ein Zeitfenster von mehreren Sekunden auch in Gegenwart von Luft umfasste. Temperaturabhängige Emissionsspektren gaben eine Information über die thermisch aktivierte verzögerte Fluoreszenz (TADF) und eine Phosphoreszenz bei Raumtemperatur (RTP), während Experimente zur photoinduzierten Generierung von Ladungsträgern zu einem tieferen Verständnis der Verfügbarkeit von Ladungen in der Dunkelphase führten und daher zu ihrer Verfügbarkeit an der Katalysatoroberfläche. Der photo‐ATRP Initiator α‐Bromphenylethylacetat (EBPA) bewirkte eine Löschung der Emission, was zu einer Verkürzung des Zeitfensters für die Emission vom Millisekundenbereich in den Nanosekundenbereich führte und auf eine Beteiligung des Triplettzustandes an dem photoinduzierten Elektronentransfer (PET) hinweist. Sowohl die freie radikalische Polymerisation als auch die kontrollierte auf einem photo‐ATRP Protokoll basierende radikalische Polymerisation von MMA oder in Kombination mit Styren funktionierten erfolgreich. Die metallfreie photo‐ATRP führte basierend auf einem reduktiven Mechanismus zu einem kettenverlängerbaren Makroinitiator. Die Zugabe von 9 ppm Cu2+ führte zu einem Verhältnis Mw/Mn von 1.4 obwohl eine Erhöhung auf 72 ppm die Einheitlichkeit der Polymere verbesserte, was einem Mw/Mn=1.03 entspricht. Ergänzende Experimente mit in kerria laca eingeschlossenen Kohlenstoffpunkten, insbesondere KCDs@SiO2, führten zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen. Die Abscheidung von Cu2+ (9 ppm) an der Photokatalysatoroberfläche erklärt die bessere Dispersität der Polymere, welche mittels der ATRP gebildet wurden.