bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL A PARTIR DE MELAÇO DE CANA
Authors: Oliveira Matheus Ribeiro Barbosa , Sunhiga Filho Ricardo Fleury , Mattos Eduardo De Castro , Pereira Ernandes Benedito , Baptista Antonio Sampaio
Published: October 2019

A indústria açucareira tem como principal subproduto o melaço que é produzido na proporção de 40 a 60 quilos por tonelada de cana-de-açúcar processada. O melaço oriundo de uma tonelada de cana-de-açúcar processada pode produzir cerca de 12 litros de etanol, além do açúcar fabricado. Deste todo modo, constata-se que, na maioria dos países latino-americanos com produção açucareira, o melaço pode constituir uma fonte de etanol relevante e precursora para o atendimento das necessidades internas de combustível (HORTA NOGUEIRA, 2004). Na busca por alternativas para aperfeiçoar o processo de produção do etanol nas usinas, este trabalho visou mostrar a influência da clarificação e esterilização no preparo do melaço a ser empregado no processo fermentativo, determinando assim condições ótimas para a produção de etanol. Foram realizados três tipos de tratamentos no mosto para que a fermentação ocorresse: T1- Melaço não clarificado e não estéril. T2- Melaço estéril e não clarificado. T3- Melaço estéril e clarificado. O tratamento T3 foi o que apresentou maior produtividade e rendimento, devido ao procedimento de esterilização e clarificação que se mostraram influentes no processo fermentativo.
Efficiency of Microfinance Banks’ Lending to Agriculture in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Okwara M. O. , Umebali E. E. , Agu F. N. , Anyanwu U. G.
Published: October 2019

The study analysed the efficiency of microfinance banks’ lending to agriculture in Imo state, Nigeria. It analysed the cost of loan recovery in relation to the total loan recovered. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study. A list of microfinance banks was collected from the Owerri office of central bank of Nigeria which had 43 microfinance banks in the state. This formed the sampling frame from which 26 microfinance banks were purposively selected. The purposive selection was based on the microfinance banks that had the highest number of agricultural loan beneficiaries. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and efficiency of loan recovery model. The result revealed that the efficiency index of the microfinance banks ranged from 0 to 0.5 and a loan and a mean of 0.06. The result further showed that 96.1% of the banks were within the index of 0 and 0.2. This implies that for every one thousand naira recovered from beneficiaries of microfinance banks, they spent sixty naira from their interest in recovering the loan. The results further revealed that 61.54% of the banks use additional guarantors to recover their loans while unconventional methods of recovery such as the use of the police accounted for 38.46% of the recovery technique. It was therefore recommended and concluded that since these microfinance banks are efficient in their loan recovery, they should make micro loans available to potential borrowers who want to invest in agriculture.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants in Atakpamé, City of Plateau Region in Togo
Authors: Esso-Tsar Abdel-Akim , Bakoma Batomayena , Adangou Emmanuel , Batawila Komlan , Kpérkouma Wala , Marra Dourma , Hodabalo Pereki , Koffi Akpagana
Published: October 2019

Aim: Plants are a great source of active substances and are used to cure a lot of diseases. In order to know and list medicinal plants used by traditional therapists and herbalists from the town of Atakpamé, an ethnobotanical investigation has been conducted.

Methodology: It is a transversal and descriprtive study that has been carried out from 22th December 2018 to 16th March 2019.

Results: It has been conducted nearby 10 traditional therapists and 20 herbalists by direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. The traditional therapists were all men and the herbalists all women. This study has enabled to list 61 species belonging to 30 families grouped into 56 genera, used in the treatment of 30 affections and symptoms. The botanical families more represented were Euphorbiaceae with 8 species, Caesalpiniaceae and Apocynaceae with 5 species each. The most used organs in the recipes are leaves (44,26%). The decoction (47,54%) is the most used mode of preparation. The oral route (76,47%) is the most frequently way of administration. The most healed affections were malaria, infections and anemia with the same percentage of 16,76%. The majority of medicinal recipes are monospecifics.

Conclusion: The results of this study can be a source of information for scientific researches in phytochemistry and pharmacology.
Assessment of Probiotic in Aquaculture: Functional Changes and Impact on Fish Gut
Authors: Mamun M. A. A. , Nasren S. , Rathore S. S. , Sidiq M. J. , Dharmakar P. , Anjusha K. V.
Published: October 2019

One of the most studied or researched sector is probiotics. The probiotic sector has generated hundreds of publications, products and also created awareness of public health benefits. Probiotics means “live microorganisms (usually bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut that are taken as dietary supplements or found in foods.” Such work will include, competitive exclusion, generating inhibitory components, a striving for the same nutrients and interference with quorum sensing mechanism and improved immunity. Probiotic one of the most reliable approach to combat fish disease for sustainable aquaculture. This microbial intervention approach can boost fish yield by improving feed utilization, nevertheless provide protection from pathogens by different modes of action. The use probiotic containing food has the beneficial properties has been known for centuries in human health however research in probiotics for aquaculture was a journey from last two decades. Here we are discussing the role of probiotics in aquatic animal and aquaculture environment, particularly focusing on their functional changes such as growth promoter, biocontrol and bioremediation agents, interrupt the action of pathogens by producing inhibitory substances. Finally gut morphology of rohu, Labeo ruhita were compared between probiotic and basal diet fed fishes.
The derivation of cross‐in‐square churches in terms of their interior tectonic configuration: The genealogy of cross‐in‐square churches during the Middle Byzantine period (1)
Authors: Higuchi Ryo , Nasu Satoshi
Published: October 2019

The cross‐in‐square was one of the most common church types during the Middle Byzantine period (9th–12th centuries). Previous studies established the definingfloor layout of these churches but did not investigate their development over time. This paper looks at as many churches as possible (95) within the area of Byzantine cultural influence to note the chronology of changes in their tectonic configuration; i.e., construction methods and three‐dimensional shapes. Two different lineages are identified, along with another group that does not amount to a lineage; previous studies have overlooked these changes in architectural configuration over time in their focus on the floor plans.
Design Strategies to Enable the Efficient Use of Sodium Metal Anodes in High‐Energy Batteries
Authors: Sun Bing , Xiong Pan , Maitra Urmimala , Langsdorf Daniel , Yan Kang , Wang Chengyin , Janek Jürgen , Schröder Daniel , Wang Guoxiu
Published: October 2019

Sodium‐based batteries have attracted considerable attention and are recognized as ideal candidates for large‐scale and low‐cost energy storage. Sodium (Na) metal anodes are considered as one of the most promising anodes for next‐generation, high‐energy, Na‐based batteries owing to their high theoretical specific capacity (1166 mA h g−1) and low standard electrode potential. Herein, an overview of the recent developments in Na metal anodes for high‐energy batteries is provided. The high reactivity and large volume expansion of Na metal anodes during charge and discharge make the electrode/electrolyte interphase unstable, leading to the formation of Na dendrites, short cycle life, and safety issues. Design strategies to enable the efficient use of Na metal anodes are elucidated, including liquid electrolyte engineering, electrode/electrolyte interface optimization, sophisticated electrode construction, and solid electrolyte engineering. Finally, the remaining challenges and future research directions are identified. It is hoped that this progress report will shape a consistent view of this field and provide inspiration for future research to improve Na metal anodes and enable the development of high‐energy sodium batteries.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Oxindole‐Derived α‐Aryl‐β‐Amino Acid Derivatives and δ‐Lactams with Homophthalic Anhydrides
Authors: Chang Zhixin , Ye Can , Fu Junfeng , Chigumbu Paidamoyo , Zeng Xiaofei , Wang Yongjiang , Jiang Chengjun , Han Xiaoyu
Published: October 2019

A highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective Mannich reaction of isatin‐derived N‐Boc imines with homophthalic anhydrides is disclosed for the first time, which allows the direct synthesis of a wide range of oxindole‐derived α‐aryl‐β‐amino acids with two adjacent carbon stereogenic centers in a highly stereoselective fashion (up to >95:5 dr & >99% ee). The resulted Mannich adducts can be easily converted to chiral spirocyclic δ‐lactams with retention of the stereoslectivities.

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Genomic Regions Governing the Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Recombinant Inbred Lines of Soybean Raised across Multiple Growing Years
Authors: Rani Anita , Kumar Vineet , Mourya Vaishali , Tayalkar Trupti
Published: October 2019

The ratio of oleic acid to the combined value of linoleic and α‐linolenic acids determines the oxidative stability, and the ratio of linoleic acid to α‐linolenic acid is the key to the nutritional value of soybean oil. The present study was conducted to identify genomic regions associated with oleic, linoleic, and α‐linolenic acids in recombinant inbred lines (RIL), developed from LSb1 × NRC7, across 5 cropping years. These RIL were genotyped using 105 polymorphic SSR markers across soybean genome and analyzed for fatty acid composition. SSR markers, namely, Satt245 (LGp M), Satt556 (LGpB2), Sat_042 (LGp C1), Staga002 (LGp D1b), Satt684 (LGp A1), and AI856415 (LGpD1b) showed significant (P < 0.05) association with oleic acid for all the 5 years, though this association was weak in the years when the growing temperature during active seed formation stage was high. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to Satt684 (LGp A1), Satt556 (LGp B2), Sat_042 (LGp C1), and AI856415 (LGp D1b) showed pleiotropic influence on the levels of unsaturated fatty acids. Complementation of favorable QTL from LSb1 and NRC7 generated 60% oleic acid and less than 4% α‐linolenic acid RIL, stable across 5 cropping years. New SSR markers, namely, Satt245, AI856415, and Staga002 identified to be associated with different unsaturated fatty acids may be useful in improving the efficiency of marker‐assisted breeding for enhancing the monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio of soybean oil.
Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis of an Aspartic Acid Derivative from Prochiral Maleic Acid and Pyridine under Achiral Conditions
Authors: Uemura Naohiro , Sano Kento , Matsumoto Arisa , Yoshida Yasushi , Mino Takashi , Sakamoto Masami
Published: October 2019

The asymmetric synthesis of an aspartic acid derivative, N‐succinopyridine, from prochiral starting materials involving dynamic enantioselective crystallization was accomplished without using any external chiral source. The aza‐Michael addition reaction of prochiral maleic acid and pyridine afforded racemic conglomerate N‐succinopyridine in water. Continuous stirring of the suspension of the reaction mixture with acetic acid promoted gradual deracemization to afford a crystal with an excellent optical purity of 99 % in 71 % yield.
Diagnostic concordance between whole slide imaging and conventional light microscopy in cytopathology: A systematic review
Authors: Girolami Ilaria , Pantanowitz Liron , Marletta Stefano , Brunelli Matteo , Mescoli Claudia , Parisi Alice , Barresi Valeria , Parwani Anil , Neil Desley , Scarpa Aldo , Rossi Esther Diana , Eccher Albino
Published: October 2019

Many studies have examined the diagnostic concordance of whole slide imaging (WSI) and light microscopy (LM) for surgical pathology. In cytopathology, WSI use has been more limited, mainly because of technical issues. The aim of this study was to review the literature and determine the overall diagnostic concordance of WSI and LM in cytopathology. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was performed, with data extracted from the included articles. A quality assessment of studies was performed with a modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. The primary outcome was concordance for the diagnoses rendered by WSI and LM as shown by the concordance rate with the original diagnosis, intra‐observer and interobserver concordance with the κ coefficient, or a percentage. Secondary outcomes included the time taken to reach a diagnosis and the quality and perception of WSI. A descriptive survey was provided. Among 1867 publications, a total of 19 studies (1%) were included. Overall, the concordance between WSI and the original diagnosis was 84.1%, the intra‐observer concordance between WSI and LM was 92.5% with a κ coefficient of 0.66, and the interobserver κ coefficient was 0.69. The time to reach a diagnosis was longer with WSI in all studies. The quality of WSI was good, but diagnostic confidence and cytologist preference were higher for LM. In conclusion, the concordance of WSI with LM is acceptable and in line with systematic reviews in surgical pathology. However, the time required for scanning and technical issues represent barriers to complete adoption. It is foreseeable that technical advances and rigorous validation study design will help to improve the diagnostic concordance of WSI with LM in cytopathology.
Effect of interprofessional education on oral assessment performance of nursing students
Authors: Haresaku Satoru , Miyoshi Maki , Kubota Keiko , Aoki Hisae , Kajiwara Emi , Monji Mayumi , Naito Toru
Published: October 2019

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interprofessional educational programmes on the improvement of nursing students' oral assessment performances by comparing their attitudes, confidence, abilities, and self‐performance before and after the education.

Materials and methods

The subjects included 112 first‐year nursing students in a Japanese nursing school. They participated in the oral assessment educational programmes, which were supported by dentists and introduced into the 1‐year curriculum. The first programme was a 1.5‐hr lecture with a self‐oral assessment training in May 2018, and the second was a 1‐hr oral assessment training in October 2018. The questionnaire surveys investigating nursing students' attitudes, confidence, and self‐performance regarding oral assessment and the tests measuring their oral assessment abilities were conducted before and after the programmes. The total scores on the tests were 0–9 points.

Results

A total of 101 (90.2%) nursing students responded to all the questionnaires and tests. Their attitudes and confidence regarding oral assessment were significantly improved after the programmes. The total average scores on the tests were significantly increased from 6.8 points at baseline to 7.9 points after the programmes. The percentage of their performance of self‐oral assessment every day significantly increased from 15.8% at baseline to 32.7% after the programmes.

Conclusions

These results suggested that the educational programme might be effective in improving not only the students' attitudes and confidence regarding oral assessment but also their oral assessment abilities and self‐oral assessment performance. Therefore, future programmes must focus on training them to improve oral health care referrals.
Ru‐Catalyzed Selective C(sp3)−H Monoborylation of Amides and Esters
Authors: Yao Wubing , Yang Jianguo , Hao Feiyue
Published: October 2019

A ruthenium‐catalyzed method has been developed for the C(sp3)−H monoborylation of various unactivated alkyl and aryl amides and challenging esters, with a low‐cost and bench‐stable boron source, providing boronates with exclusive selectivity, high efficiency, and high turnover number (up to 8900). This novel strategy may offer a versatile and environmentally friendly alternative to current methods for selective C(sp3)−H borylation that employ even more expensive metals, such as iridium and rhodium.
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C1 Products on Single Nickel/Cobalt/Iron‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A DFT Study
Authors: Guo Chen , Zhang Tian , Deng Xiangxuan , Liang Xiongyi , Guo Wenyue , Lu Xiaoqing , Wu Chi‐Man Lawrence
Published: October 2019

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) is one of the most promising strategies to convert greenhouse gases to energy sources. Herein, the CRR was applied towards making C1 products (CO, HCOOH, CH3OH, and CH4) on g‐C3N4 frameworks with single Ni, Co, and Fe introduction; this process was investigated by density functional theory. The structures of the electrocatalysts, CO2 adsorption configurations, and CO2 reduction mechanisms were systematically studied. Results showed that the single Ni, Co, and Fe located from the corner of the g‐C3N4 cavity to the center. Analyses of the adsorption configurations and electronic structures suggested that CO2 could be chemically adsorbed on Co‐C3N4 and Fe‐C3N4, but physically adsorbed on Ni‐C3N4. The H2 evolution reaction (HER), as a suppression of CRR, was investigated, and results showed that Ni‐C3N4, Co‐C3N4, and Fe‐C3N4 exhibited more CRR selectivity than HER. CRR proceeded via COOH and OCHO as initial protonation intermediates on Ni‐C3N4 and Co/Fe‐C3N4, respectively, which resulted in different C1 products along quite different reaction pathways. Compared with Ni‐C3N4 and Fe‐C3N4, Co‐C3N4 had more favorable CRR activity and selectivity for CH3OH production with unique rate‐limiting steps and lower limiting potential.
Syn‐rift delta interfan successions: Archives of sedimentation and basin evolution
Authors: Barrett Bonita J. , Gawthorpe Rob L. , Collier Richard E. Ll. , Hodgson David M. , Cullen Timothy M.
Published: October 2019

Models that aim to capture the interactions between sediment supply, base level and tectonism recorded in fan delta successions in rift basins have not considered the stratigraphic archive preserved in interfan areas; yet interfan stratigraphy can provide a complementary record to the fan delta axes. The exhumed Early–Middle Pleistocene Kerinitis and Selinous fan deltas, in the hangingwall of the Pyrgaki–Mamoussia (P‐M) Fault, Corinth Rift, Greece, offer an ideal laboratory for the assessment of interfan architecture. Furthermore, using the geometry of adjacent present‐day fan deltas, interfans are classified into three end‐members. The classification is based on their lateral separation, which determines the degree of interfingering of topset, foreset and bottomset deposits. Qualitative (facies, stratal geometries, nature of key surfaces) and quantitative (stratigraphic thickness, bedding dip, palaeocurrents, breakpoint trajectories) data were collected in the field and from unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry‐based 3D outcrop models of the exhumed fan delta successions. The ancient Kerinitis–Selinous interfan architectures record: (a) initial westward progradation of the Kerinitis fan delta into the interfan area (Phase 1), (b) subsequent progradation of the Selinous fan delta into the interfan area and asymmetric growth of both fan deltas eastward (Phase 2), (c) stratal interfingering of foresets from both systems (Phase 3), and (d) relative base‐level fall, erosion and reworking of sediments into the interfan area (Phases 4 and 5). The Kerinitis–Selinous interfan evolution is linked to initial net subsidence of the P‐M Fault (Phases 1–3) and subsequent net uplift (Phases 4 and 5) resulting from a northward shift in fault activity. The interfan area provides a more complete stratigraphic record than the proximal axial areas of the fan deltas of the early stages of basin uplift, through higher preservation potential and protracted submergence. Therefore, for the most comprehensive insight into basin evolution, interfan analysis should be undertaken in concert with analysis of the fan delta axes.
Antibacterial action of the essential oil from Cantinoa carpinifolia benth. Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains
Authors: Camargo Karen Caroline , Batista Luís Roberto , Alves Eduardo , Rezende Danubia Aparecida de Carvalho Selvati , Teixeira Maria Luisa , Brandão Rafaela Magalhães , Ferreira Vanuzia Rodrigues Fernandes , Nelson David Lee , Cardoso Maria das Graças
Published: October 2019

Essential oils have been increasingly studied as preservatives for the food industries because of their biological properties. However, there are few studies on the antibacterial potential of the essential oil of the species Cantinoa carpinifolia Benth. Thus, the aim of this study was to extract and chemically characterize the essential oil from Cantinoa carpinifolia Benth. and evaluate its antibacterial potential against strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography using mass spectrometer and flame ionization detectors. The antibacterial potential against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by macrodilution, through cell viability tests, membrane permeability tests and electronic microscopy (SEM). The essential oil is composed principally of the α‐ thujone e β‐ thujone monoterpenes, and the minimum bactericidal and bacteriostatic concentrations of the essential oil were 6.25 and 0.39 μL mL−1 for E coli and S aureus, respectively. Bacterial strains were completely inactivated after 135 minutes (E coli) and 200 minutes (S aureus), respectively. Intracellular biological activity was observed for the essential oil because the harmful effects on both species of bacteria could be observed in the electromicrographs.
Age of acquisition impacts the brain differently depending on neuroanatomical metric
Authors: Claussenius‐Kalman Hannah , Vaughn Kelly A. , Archila‐Suerte Pilar , Hernandez Arturo E.
Published: October 2019

Although researchers generally agree that a certain set of brain areas underlie bilingual language processing, there is discrepancy regarding what effect timing of language acquisition has on these regions. We aimed to investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of age of acquisition (AoA), which has been examined previously, but with inconsistent results, likely influenced by methodological differences across studies. We analyzed gray matter density, volume, and thickness using whole‐brain linear models in 334 bilinguals and monolinguals. Neuroanatomical correlates of AoA differed depending on gray matter metric. Relative to early bilinguals, late bilinguals had thicker cortex in language processing and cognitive control regions, and greater density in multiple frontal areas and the right middle temporal and supramarginal gyri. Early bilinguals had greater volume than late bilinguals in the left middle temporal gyrus. Overall, volume was the least sensitive to AoA‐related differences. Multiple regions not classically implicated in dual‐language processing were also found, which highlights the important role of whole‐brain analyses in neuroscience. This is the first study to investigate AoA and gray matter thickness, volume, and density all in the same sample. We conclude that cognitive models of bilingualism should consider the roles of development and neuroanatomical metric in driving our understanding of bilingual and monolingual language organization.
Nontranscriptional Activity of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Protects Mice From High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Sanz‐Garcia Carlos , McMullen Megan R. , Chattopadhyay Saurabh , Roychowdhury Sanjoy , Sen Ganes , Nagy Laura E.
Published: October 2019

Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) has both transcriptional and nontranscriptional functions. Transcriptional activity is dependent on serine phosphorylation of IRF3, while transcription‐independent IRF3‐mediated apoptosis requires ubiquitination. IRF3 also binds to inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase (IKKβ) in the cytosol, restricting nuclear translocation of p65. IRF3‐deficient mice are highly sensitive to high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced liver injury; however, it is not known if transcriptional and/or nontranscriptional activity of IRF3 confers protection. Using a mouse model only expressing nontranscriptional functions of IRF3 (Irf3
S1/S1), we tested the hypothesis that nontranscriptional activity of IRF3 protects mice from HFD‐induced liver injury. C57BL/6, Irf3
−/−, and Irf3
S1/S1 mice were fed an HFD for 12 weeks. In C57BL/6 mice, the HFD increased expression of interferon (IFN)‐dependent genes, despite a decrease in IRF3 protein in the liver. The HFD had no impact on IFN‐dependent gene expression Irf3
−/− or Irf3
S1/S1 mice, both lacking IRF3 transcriptional activity. Liver injury, apoptosis, and fibrosis were exacerbated in Irf3
−/− compared to C57BL/6 mice following the HFD; this increase was ameliorated in Irf3
S1/S1 mice. Similarly, expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as numbers of neutrophils and infiltrating monocytes was increased in Irf3
−/− mice compared to C57BL/6 and Irf3
S1/S1 mice. While the HFD increased the ubiquitination of IRF3, a response associated with IRF3‐mediated apoptosis, in Irf3
S1/S1 mice, protection from liver injury was not due to differences in apoptosis of hepatocytes or immune cells. Instead, protection from HFD‐induced liver injury in Irf3
S1/S1 mice was primarily associated with retardation of nuclear translocation of p65 and decreased expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)‐dependent inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Taken together, these data identify important contributions of the nontranscriptional function of IRF3, likely by reducing NFκB signaling, in dampening the hepatic inflammatory environment in response to an HFD.
Tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with mixed convection flow: An application of improved Fourier and Fick's diffusion model
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Gizewu Tezera
Published: October 2019

This article presents a tangent hyperbolic fluid with the effect of the combination of forced and natural convection flow of nanoparticle past a bidirectional extending surface. Modified Fick's and Fourier's diffusion theories are incorporated into concentration and energy equations, respectively. Convective boundary conditions and second‐order slip flow are taken in the boundary condition. Nonlinear partial differential equations result after boundary layer approximations of the mathematical formulation of the flow problem. Nonlinear high order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are formed by applying similarity transformation on the nonlinear partial differential equations. The transformed equations are solved with the bvp4c algorithm from Matlab. The numerical solution of ODEs was obtained and the effect of interesting parameters, dimensionless velocity component along x‐ and y‐axis, temperature, and concentration particle, Rex, Rey, , and , were presented through tables and graphs and discussed thoroughly. The results indicated that a decrease in velocity along with the y‐axis results from the increasing behavior of S, M, and n. Decrease in both temperature and concentration results in an increase of but their elongation is a result of increase in Bi. An increase in concentration results in decrease of N and S but a decrease in concentration results in the widening of Sc, Nb, and . Furthermore, enlargement of and results in increase of and modules and elongation of both and results in increase of and (Sc and Nb), respectively. A comparison with previously published literature was performed and a good agreement was found.
Second order velocity slip and thermal jump of Cu–water nanofluid over a cone in the presence of nonlinear radiation and nonuniform heat source/sink using homotopy analysis method
Authors: Sravanthi C. S.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the present paper is to explore the second order slip effects on nanofluid flow over a vertical cone. The effects of nonlinear thermal radiation and nonuniform heat source/sink are also taken into account. Water with copper nanoparticles is used as nanofluid in this investigation. The governing partial differential equations for the flow are converted into ordinary differential equations by using transformations and then are solved using homotopy analysis method. The influence of various important parameters on velocity, temperature, skin‐friction, and Nusselt number are presented through graphs. Results indicate that the velocity and magnitude of skin friction decrease with a rise in first and second order velocity slips. A raise in either first or second order temperature jump causes a fall in temperature. Nonlinear radiation increases the more rapidly when compared to the linear radiation case.
The multimorbidity profile of South African women newly diagnosed with breast cancer
Authors: Ayeni Oluwatosin A. , Norris Shane A. , Joffe Maureen , Cubasch Herbert , Nietz Sarah , Buccimazza Ines , Singh Urishka , Čačala Sharon , Stopforth Laura , Chen Wenlong C. , McCormack Valerie A. , O'Neil Daniel S. , Jacobson Judith S. , Neugut Alfred I. , Ruff Paul , Micklesfield Lisa K.
Published: October 2019

Multimorbidity in women with breast cancer may delay presentation, affect treatment decisions and outcomes. We described the multimorbidity profile of women with breast cancer, its determinants, associations with stage at diagnosis and treatments received. We collected self‐reported data on five chronic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis), determined obesity using body mass index (BMI) and tested HIV status, in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2016 and April 2018 in five public hospitals in South Africa. We identified determinants of ≥2 of the seven above‐mentioned conditions (defined as multimorbidity), multimorbidity itself with stage at diagnosis (advanced [III–IV] vs. early [0–II]) and multimorbidity with treatment modalities received. Among 2,281 women, 1,001 (44%) presented with multimorbidity. Obesity (52.8%), hypertension (41.3%), HIV (22.0%) and diabetes (13.7%) were the chronic conditions that occurred most frequently. Multimorbidity was more common with older age (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.01–1.03) and higher household socioeconomic status (HSES) (OR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.00–1.13). Multimorbidity was not associated with advanced‐stage breast cancer at diagnosis, but for self‐reported hypertension there was less likelihood of being diagnosed with advanced‐stage disease in the adjusted model (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.64–0.98). Multimorbidity was associated with first treatment received in those with early‐stage disease, p = 0.003. The prevalence of multimorbidity is high among patients with breast cancer. Our findings suggest that multimorbidity had a significant impact on treatment received in those with early‐stage disease. There is need to understand the impact of multimorbidity on breast cancer outcomes.
Residential Mobility Fosters Sensitivity to the Disappearance of Happiness
Authors: Ishii Keiko , Komiya Asuka , Oishi Shigehiro
Published: October 2019

We conducted two studies to examine the hypothesis that residential mobility would evoke anxiety and foster sensitivity to signs of disapproval, such as the disappearance of happiness. American and Japanese participants were asked to watch happy‐to‐neutral movies and sad‐to‐neutral movies and judge the point at which they thought that their initial expressions had disappeared. We found that, regardless of cultures, participants who had experienced frequent moving (Study 1) and those asked to imagine and describe a mobile lifestyle of frequent moving (Study 2) judged the disappearance of happy faces faster than those who did not experience or imagine frequent moving. Our results were also in line with the previous finding in which Japanese were more vigilant than Americans in regards to the disappearance of happy faces. Moreover, we found that imagining a mobile lifestyle made participants feel more concerned than when imagining a stable lifestyle. The implications for the social skills needed for people in the globalising world are discussed.
Nifedipine toxicity is exacerbated by acetyl l‐carnitine but alleviated by low‐dose ketamine in zebrafish in vivo
Authors: Robinson Bonnie L. , Gu Qiang , Tryndyak Volodymyr , Ali Syed F. , Dumas Melanie , Kanungo Jyotshna
Published: October 2019

Calcium channel blocker (CCB) poisoning is a common and sometimes life‐threatening emergency. Our previous studies have shown that acetyl l‐carnitine (ALCAR) prevents cardiotoxicity and developmental toxicity induced by verapamil, a CCB used to treat patients with hypertension. Here, we tested whether toxicities of nifedipine, a dihydropyridine CCB used to treat hypertension, can also be mitigated by co‐treatment with ALCAR. In the zebrafish embryos at three different developmental stages, nifedipine induced developmental toxicity with pericardial sac edema in a dose‐dependent manner, which were surprisingly exacerbated with ALCAR co‐treatment. Even with low‐dose nifedipine (5 μm), when the pericardial sac looked normal, ALCAR co‐treatment showed pericardial sac edema. We hypothesized that toxicity by nifedipine, a vasodilator, may be prevented by ketamine, a known vasoconstrictor. Nifedipine toxicity in the embryos was effectively prevented by co‐treatment with low (subanesthetic) doses (25‐100 μm added to the water) of ketamine, although a high dose of ketamine (2 mm added to the water) partially prevented the toxicity.As expected of a CCB, nifedipine either in the presence or absence of ketamine‐reduced metabolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), a downstream product of calcium signaling, in the rapidly developing digestive system. However, nifedipine induced ROS in the trunk region that showed significantly stunted growth indicating that the tissues under stress potentially produced pathologic ROS. To the best of our knowledge, these studies for the first time show that nifedipine and the dietary supplement ALCAR together induce adverse effects while providing evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of subanesthetic doses of ketamine against nifedipine toxicity in vivo.
A Comparison of Activity Monitor Data from Devices Worn on the Wrist and the Waist in People with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Hassett Leanne M. , Nguy Vanessa , Allen Natalie E.
Published: October 2019

Background

It is unclear if it is appropriate for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) to wear activity monitors on the wrist because of the potential influence of impairments on the data.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine (1) whether activity monitor data collected from devices worn at the wrist and waist are comparable and (2) the contribution of PD impairments to any differences in step and activity counts at the wrist and waist.

Methods

A total of 46 community‐dwelling people with PD wore an accelerometer at the wrist and waist simultaneously for 1 week. Motor impairments (rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, dyskinesia) were assessed using the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (motor examination) and part IV (motor complications).

Results

Higher values were recorded by the wrist monitor for steps/day (wrist, 9236 [standard deviation (SD) 3812]; waist, 5324 [SD 2800]; difference 3912; P < 0.001) and activity counts/day (wrist, 872,590 [SD 349,148]; waist, 186,491 [SD 101,989]; difference 686,099; P < 0.001). However, the wrist and waist values were strongly correlated (steps, r = 0.89; counts, r = 0.74; P ≤ 0.001). Increased tremor and dyskinesia explained 19% of the variation in the difference in average steps/day, and these variables plus reduced bradykinesia explained 24% of the variation in the difference in average activity counts/day.

Conclusion

Wrist monitors are likely to overestimate activity, particularly in people with tremor and dyskinesia. Nonetheless, activity monitors can be worn on the wrist if the aim is to monitor change rather than accurately record activity.
Deflazacort vs prednisone treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A meta‐analysis of disease progression rates in recent multicenter clinical trials
Authors: McDonald Craig M. , Sajeev Gautam , Yao Zhiwen , McDonnell Erin , Elfring Gary , Souza Marcio , Peltz Stuart W. , Darras Basil T. , Shieh Perry B. , Cox David A. , Landry John , Signorovitch James ,   for the ACT DMD Study Group and the Tadalafil DMD Study Group
Published: October 2019

Introduction

In this study we characterized disease progression over 48 weeks among boys receiving deflazacort vs prednisone/prednisolone placebo arm treatment in two recent Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) clinical trials.

Methods

Ambulatory boys with DMD receiving placebo in the phase 3 ataluren (N = 115) and tadalafil (N = 116) trials were included. The trials required at least 6 months of prior corticosteroid use and stable baseline dosing. Associations between corticosteroid use and 48‐week changes in ambulatory function were estimated using mixed models. Adjusted differences between corticosteroid groups were pooled in a meta‐analysis.

Results

In the meta‐analysis, deflazacort‐treated patients vs prednisone/prednisolone‐treated patients experienced, on average, lower declines of 28.3 meters on 6‐minute walk distance (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7, 50.9; 2.9 seconds on rise from supine [95% CI, 0.9, 4.9 seconds]; 2.3 seconds on 4‐stair climb [95% CI, 0.5, 4.1 seconds]; and 2.9 [95% CI, 0.1, 5.8] points on the North Star Ambulatory Assessment linearized score).

Discussion

Deflazacort‐treated patients experienced significantly lower functional decline over 48 weeks.
The effectiveness of 8A model death education on the reduction of death depression: A preliminary study
Authors: Dadfar Mahboubeh , Lester David
Published: October 2019

Aim

Death education using the 8A model can reduce death distress and promote mental health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the 8A model death education programme for reducing death depression among nurses. The hypothesis was that participating in the 8A model death education programme would reduce death depression.

Design

A pre‐test–post‐test intervention.

Methods

Ten nurses were selected randomly from the intensive care units and critical care units wards of the Khatom‐Al‐Anbia General Hospital in Tehran, Iran. They completed the Death Depression Scale before and after intervention. The 8A model was conducted in six workshops weekly, each of 6 hr, for a total of 36 hr.

Results

There was a significant difference between pre‐test and post‐test on the Death Depression Scale scores.

Discussion

The 8A model appears to be useful for the reduction of death depression and the promotion of mental health in the sample. However, the model should be tested on larger samples and with a control group before concluding that the model is effective in reducing death distress.
Error estimates of structure‐preserving Fourier pseudospectral methods for the fractional Schrödinger equation
Authors: Fei Mingfa , Huang Chengming , Wang Pengde
Published: October 2019

This paper gives a rigorous error analysis of the multisymplectic Fourier pseudospectral method for the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation. The method preserves some intrinsic structure properties including the generalized multisymplectic conservation law. By rewriting it in a matrix form similar to that in the finite difference method, the method is shown to be convergent in the discrete L2 norm with the second‐order accuracy in time and spectral accuracy in space. The key techniques in the analysis include the discrete energy method, cutoff of the nonlinearity, and a posterior bound of numerical solutions by using the inverse inequality. In a similar line, the convergence result for the symplectic Fourier pseudospectral method can also be established. Moreover, the errors in the local and global energy conservation laws of discrete systems are also investigated. Numerical tests are performed to confirm the theoretical results.
A case of ankylosing spondylitis from the excavations at Kılıçlı Necropolis (Sinope, Northern Turkey) and its implications on the antiquity of the disease in Anatolia
Authors: Duyar İzzet
Published: October 2019

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and progressive rheumatic disease that is a member of a family of disease referred to as spondyloarthritis. Although the prevalence estimates of AS vary from 0.25% up to 4.5% in living human populations, the frequency of the disease in the past has not yet been determined. Some suspected AS cases have been reported only based on the vertebral ankyloses or fusions of sacroiliac joints dating from the Neolithic period to the Middle Ages among ancient Anatolian populations, but the AS diagnosis has not been definitively revealed in these cases. In this study, we aimed to identify an AS case that has AS‐originated pathological changes on a relatively well‐preserved middle‐aged male skeleton, recovered from the archaeological excavation of Kılıçlı Church, Sinope, Northern Turkey and dated to the 18–9th centuries. In addition, we made a differential diagnosis with other pathologies such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, reactive arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis. In the specimen, there are four macroscopic features that are diagnostic of AS: (a) both sacroiliac joints were symmetrically obliterated, (b) spinal fusion was observed without skipping any vertebrae, (c) the spine has “bamboo spine” appearance, and (d) the vertebral syndesmophytes caused squaring of the vertebral bodies. We conclude that the Kılıçlı skeleton, one of the few archaeological specimens showing all symptoms of AS disease, is the first convincing case in Anatolia.
We are in this together — Aren't we? Congruence of common dyadic coping and psychological distress of couples facing breast cancer
Authors: Meier Fabienne , Cairo Notari Sarah , Bodenmann Guy , Revenson Tracey A. , Favez Nicolas
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Breast cancer (BC) can be understood as a we‐disease, which affects a couple as a unit and requires coping as a unit (eg, common dyadic coping, CDC). However, partners can be incongruent in their perceptions of CDC, for example, because of misunderstandings and lack of mutuality or conflict, which may likely be associated with greater distress. Thus, this paper examines the effect of CDC congruence on individual psychological distress in cancer patients and their partners.

Methods

Seventy mixed‐sex couples in which the woman had nonmetastatic BC completed self‐report questionnaires at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year after cancer surgery. CDC congruence measured the difference between patients' and partners' CDC perceptions while controlling for CDC itself.

Results

Multilevel modeling showed negative associations between couples' CDC and psychological distress. Beyond this effect, female patients' psychological distress was associated with CDC congruence with an interaction showing that psychological distress was greater when couples were congruent with low rather than a high CDC.

Conclusion

Less congruence was associated with greater psychological distress in BC patients but not their male partners — especially if the couple reported low CDC. Health professionals should identify and address diverging perceptions, so that additional distress can be minimized for BC patients.
Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition of over 150‐nm‐Thick Quaternary AlGaInN Epitaxial Films near Alloy Composition Lattice‐Matching to GaN on Sapphire and Their Structural and Optical Characterization
Authors: Miyoshi Makoto , Harada Hiroki , Egawa Takashi , Takeuchi Tetsuya
Published: October 2019

Quaternary AlGaInN films with thickness greater than 150 nm are grown on c‐plane GaN‐on‐sapphire templates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The AlxGayInzN films near alloy composition lattice‐matching to GaN on sapphire (0.532 ≤ x ≤ 0.716, 0.146 ≤ y ≤ 0.366, and 0.092 ≤ z ≤ 0.182) are confirmed to be epitaxially grown, and they show relatively flat surfaces regardless of their lattice strain and their direction. The crystal mosaicity in the AlGaInN films is observed to take over that of the underlying GaN films. The refractive index of AlGaInN films ranges from ≈2.4 to 2.3 in the whole visible wavelengths, largely independent of their alloy compositions. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoluminescence analyses indicate that the MOCVD‐grown AlGaInN films have a certain degree of compositional fluctuation affecting their optical band edges.
Sputter Deposition of Transition Metal Oxides on Silicon: Evidencing the Role of Oxygen Bombardment for Fermi‐Level Pinning
Authors: Poulain Raphaël , Proost Joris , Klein Andreas
Published: October 2019

Different magnetron sputtering‐based deposition methods of nickel oxide SiO2‐passivated Si surfaces are compared. Results highlight that the presence of oxygen in the deposition chamber during reactive sputtering drastically affects the Si/SiO2 interface. An alternative method for the preparation of NiO is the sputtering of metallic nickel in oxygen‐free atmosphere followed by a post oxidation of the deposited layer in an oxygen atmosphere without plasma exposition is proposed. This method is introduced as metal layer oxidation (MLO). Using this technique, the barrier height on n‐type silicon increases from ≈0.4 eV for reactively sputtered NiO to more than 0.6 eV for the MLO method. In situ photoelectron spectroscopy evidences the formation of an extra electronic state when NiO is reactively sputtered, which is assigned to the intense oxygen ion bombardment of the Si/SiO2 surface during the process. This extra‐electronic state pins the silicon energy bands in an undesirable position. The extra‐electronic state is associated with oxygen interstitial in the SiO2 implanted during reactive sputtering.
Electromagnetic and thermal analysis of a multilayer CFRP panel struck by lightning with the FDTD method
Authors: Ueno Koki , Miki Nozomu , Baba Yoshihiro , Nagaoka Naoto , Tsubata Hiroyuki , Nishi Takayuki
Published: October 2019

The transient distribution of heat generated in a 16‐layer carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic (CFRP) panel, in which a lightning current with a magnitude of 3 kA, a rise time of 6.4 µs, and a time to half‐peak value of 69 µs is injected, has been computed. Each layer of the CFRP panel has a fiber axis direction of 45, 90, −45, or 0° and, therefore, has anisotropic electrical and thermal conductivities. This multilayer CFRP panel has been represented with a conductivity matrix consisting of off‐diagonal elements in the finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) simulation. The heat is computed, on the basis of FDTD‐computed conduction current densities, using a discretized heat equation. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.