bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Livelihood Assets-Based Spatial Differentiation of the Income of Natural Tourism Communities
Authors: Ma Jinhai , Zhang Jie , Li Li , Zeng Zhanjing , Sun Jingrong , Zhou Qilou , Zhang Yuling
Published: January 2018

Livelihood assets have a significant impact on the livelihood options and income of tourism communities. The level of tourism development and the type of natural tourism communities often exhibit spatial differences. By using the method of sustainable livelihood and examining the main factors that affect community income from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity, it is possible to identify the livelihood assets that play the most critical role in the development of sustainable livelihoods and income generation in the community, which helps provide more reasonable advice on tourism destination management. In this article, we conducted a case study on 16 communities in and around Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China, and divided the communities into three types, i.e., core attraction areas, service support areas, and secondary service support areas, according to the geographical and spatial characteristics, tourism development level, and livelihood type. The participatory assessment method was adopted to obtain in-depth interviews and questionnaire data from 256 rural households, which was utilized to construct four multivariate regression models to investigate the effect of livelihood assets on community income and the spatial difference of the factors that affect community income. The results showed that (1) livelihood assets exert a significant impact on community income in tourist areas, with a remarkable spatial difference; (2) the types of livelihoods and the effective utilization of livelihood assets have a significant impact on farmers’ incomes; (3) the type and amount of livelihood assets have a certain impact on the choice of livelihood; and (4) a farmer’s livelihood type determines the utilization method and the effective utilization of livelihood assets.
Modeling and Quantifying User Acceptance of Personalized Business Modes Based on TAM, Trust and Attitude
Authors: Zhao Jie , Fang Suping , Jin Peiquan
Published: January 2018

With the rapid development of economics and social businesses, users’ business demand has changed a lot. More and more people want to personalize their business modes so that they can get better experiences in business and learning activities. The key factor of personalized business mode is to consider users’ individual needs on business activities, so that users can receive differentiated services. Users’ satisfaction on personalized services will effectively improve the consuming experience of users, which is helpful for business organizations to strengthen their competitive power in business environments. However, will users wish to participate in personalized businesses? This is a crucial issue for developing personalized businesses. Aiming to solve this problem, this paper analyzes the major factors influencing user acceptance of personalized business modes. Then, we propose a research model that enhances the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) model with trust and attitude to depict the influence from several variables to user acceptance of personalized business modes. Further, we use the structural equation method to conduct an empirical analysis on questionnaire data from the Internet. The results in terms of many kinds of data analysis show that trust and the TAM factors (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) have significant influence on user acceptance of personalized business modes. In addition, there are partial intermediate relationships existing among the factors of the research model.
Three Classes of Fractional Oscillators
Authors: Li Ming
Published: January 2018

This article addresses three classes of fractional oscillators named Class I, II and III. It is known that the solutions to fractional oscillators of Class I type are represented by the Mittag-Leffler functions. However, closed form solutions to fractional oscillators in Classes II and III are unknown. In this article, we present a theory of equivalent systems with respect to three classes of fractional oscillators. In methodology, we first transform fractional oscillators with constant coefficients to be linear 2-order oscillators with variable coefficients (variable mass and damping). Then, we derive the closed form solutions to three classes of fractional oscillators using elementary functions. The present theory of equivalent oscillators consists of the main highlights as follows. (1) Proposing three equivalent 2-order oscillation equations corresponding to three classes of fractional oscillators; (2) Presenting the closed form expressions of equivalent mass, equivalent damping, equivalent natural frequencies, equivalent damping ratio for each class of fractional oscillators; (3) Putting forward the closed form formulas of responses (free, impulse, unit step, frequency, sinusoidal) to each class of fractional oscillators; (4) Revealing the power laws of equivalent mass and equivalent damping for each class of fractional oscillators in terms of oscillation frequency; (5) Giving analytic expressions of the logarithmic decrements of three classes of fractional oscillators; (6) Representing the closed form representations of some of the generalized Mittag-Leffler functions with elementary functions. The present results suggest a novel theory of fractional oscillators. This may facilitate the application of the theory of fractional oscillators to practice.
Interacting Environmental Stress Factors Affects Targeted Metabolomic Profiles in Stored Natural Wheat and That Inoculated with F. graminearum
Authors: Garcia-Cela Esther , Kiaitsi Elisavet , Medina Angel , Sulyok Michael , Krska Rudolf , Magan Naresh
Published: January 2018

Changes in environmental stress impact on secondary metabolite (SM) production profiles. Few studies have examined targeted SM production patterns in relation to interacting environmental conditions in stored cereals. The objectives were to examine the effect of water activity (aw; 0.95–0.90) x temperature (10–25 °C) on SM production on naturally contaminated stored wheat and that inoculated with Fusarium graminearum. Samples were analysed using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on (a) total number of known SMs, (b) their concentrations and (c) changes under environmental stress. 24 Fusarium metabolites were quantified. Interestingly, statistical differences (ChisSq., p < 0.001) were observed in the number of SMs produced under different sets of interacting environmental conditions. The dominant metabolites in natural stored grain were deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) followed by a range of enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), apicidin and DON-3-glucoside at 10 °C. Increasing temperature promoted the biosynthesis of other SMs such as aurofusarin, moniliformin, zearalenone (ZEN) and their derivatives. Natural wheat + F. graminearum inoculation resulted in a significant increase in the number of metabolites produced (ChisSq., p < 0.001). For ZEN and its derivatives, more was produced under cooler storage conditions. Fusarin C was enhanced in contrast to that for the enniatin group. The relative ratios of certain groups of targeted SM changed with environmental stress. Both temperature and aw affected the amounts of metabolites present, especially of DON and ZEN. This study suggests that the dominant SMs produced in stored temperate cereals are the mycotoxins for which legislation exists. However, there are changes in the ratios of key metabolites which could influence the relative contamination with individual compounds. Thus, in the future, under more extreme environmental stresses, different dominant SMs may be formed which could make present legislation out of step with the future contamination which might occur.
Cascade Cropping System with Horticultural and Ornamental Plants under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: García-Caparrós Pedro , Llanderal Alfonso , Maksimovic Ivana , Lao María
Published: January 2018

The blending of drainage with water of low electrical conductivity and the sequential reuse of the drainage water are innovative technologies to manage salts in agricultural drainage. Plants of Cucumis melo were grown in coir grow bags, and Rosmarinus officinalis and Cacti spp. were grown in pots with a mixture of sphagnum peat-moss and perlite. In order to assess the effect and evolution over time of these water treatments on plant growth and water management and removal of nutrients, three water treatments were applied over a period of eight weeks. These were: (1) standard nutrient solution; (2) blended water treatment (drainage water blended with water of low electrical conductivity (EC)) and (3) sequential reuse of drainage water treatment. During the experimental growing period, samples of water supplies and drainages generated in each water treatment were collected weekly and from these data water volume and nutrient loads were calculated. At the end of the experiment, leaf fresh weight of rosemary plants decreased under the fertigation with the blended and sequential reuse water treatments. Nevertheless, the application of blended and sequentially reused water allowed for the saving of significant amounts of water and nutrients in comparison to the standard nutrient solution treatment. Considering these advantages, we strongly recommend the setting-up of these water treatments in areas with water scarcity such as in the Mediterranean Basin.
Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation
Authors: Sim Lan Ching , Wong Jing Lin , Hak Chen Hong , Tai Jun Yan , Leong Kah Hon , Saravanan Pichiah
Published: January 2018

Carbon dots (CDs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) composites (CD/g-C3N4) were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method using urea and sugarcane juice as starting materials. The chemical composition, morphological structure and optical properties of the composites and CDs were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques as well as transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results revealed new signals for carbonyl and carboxyl groups originating from the CDs in CD/g-C3N4 composites while X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed distortion of the host matrix after incorporating CDs into g-C3N4. Both analyses signified the interaction between g-C3N4 and CDs. The photoluminescence (PL) analysis indicated that the presence of too many CDs will create trap states at the CD/g-C3N4 interface, decelerating the electron (e−) transport. However, the CD/g-C3N4(0.5) composite with the highest coverage of CDs still achieved the best bisphenol A (BPA) degradation rate at 3.87 times higher than that of g-C3N4. Hence, the charge separation efficiency should not be one of the main factors responsible for the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of CD/g-C3N4. Instead, the light absorption capability was the dominant factor since the photoreactivity correlated well with the ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–vis DRS) results. Although the CDs did not display upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) properties, the π-conjugated CDs served as a photosensitizer (like organic dyes) to sensitize g-C3N4 and injected electrons to the conduction band (CB) of g-C3N4, resulting in the extended absorption spectrum from the visible to the near-infrared (NIR) region. This extended spectral absorption allows for the generation of more electrons for the enhancement of BPA degradation. It was determined that the reactive radical species responsible for the photocatalytic activity were the superoxide anion radical (O2•−) and holes (h+) after performing multiple scavenging tests.
Gaia DR1 Evidence of Disrupting the Perseus Arm
Authors: Baba Junichi , Kawata Daisuke , Matsunaga Noriyuki , Grand Robert J. J. , Hunt Jason A. S.
Published: January 2018

We have discovered a clear sign of the disruption phase of the Perseus arm in the Milky Way using Cepheid variables, taking advantage of the accurately measured distances of Cepheids and the proper motions from Gaia Data Release 1. Both the Galactocentric radial and rotation velocities of 77 Cepheids within 1.5 kpc of the Perseus arm are correlated with their distances from the locus of the Perseus arm, as the trailing side is rotating faster and moving inward compared to the leading side. We also found a negative vertex deviation for the Cepheids on the trailing side, −27.°6 ± 2.°4, in contrast to the positive vertex deviation in the solar neighborhood. This is, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence that the vertex deviation around the Perseus arm is affected by the spiral arm. We compared these observational trends with our N-body/hydrodynamics simulations based on a static density-wave spiral scenario and with those based on a transient dynamic spiral scenario. Although our comparisons are limited to qualitative trends, they strongly favor the conclusion that the Perseus arm is in the disruption phase of a transient arm.
Unique extrication structure in a new megaspilid, Dendrocerus scutellaris Trietsch & Mikó (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae)
Authors: Trietsch Carolyn , Mikó István , Notton David , Deans Andrew
Published: January 2018

A new species, Dendrocerus scutellaris Trietsch & Mikó (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae), is described here from male and female specimens captured in Costa Rica. This species is the only known ceraphronoid wasp with a straight mandibular surface and raised dorsal projections on the scutellum, called the mesoscutellar comb. It is hypothesised that the function of the mesoscutellar comb is to aid the emergence of the adult from the host, especially since the mandibles lack a pointed surface to tear open the pupal case. The authors also provide phenotypic data in a semantic form to facilitate data integration and accessibility across taxa and provide an updated phenotype bank of morphological characters for megaspilid taxonomic treatments. In updating this phenotype bank, the authors continue to make taxonomic data accessible to future systematic efforts focusing on Ceraphronoidea.

A new species, Dendrocerus scutellaris (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae) Trietsch & Mikó, is described from both male and female specimens captured in Costa Rica.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based probiotic as novel anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory agent for therapy of vaginal candidiasis
Authors: Gabrielli E. , Pericolini E. , Ballet N. , Roselletti E. , Sabbatini S. , Mosci P. , Decherf A. Cayzeele , Pélerin F. , Perito S. , Jüsten P. , Vecchiarelli A.
Published: January 2018

Previously we demonstrated that the treatment with live Saccharomyces cerevisiae exerts beneficial therapeutic effects against vaginal candidiasis. Here, we address potential mechanisms particularly examining the probiotic capacity to modulate both fungus and host-related factors. We show that the S. cerevisiae-based probiotic markedly affects the expression of virulence traits of Candida albicans such as aspartyl proteinases (SAPs) as well as hyphae-associated proteins Hwp1 and Ece1 in the vaginal cavity. On the host side, the probiotic suppression of the influx of neutrophils caused by the fungus into the vaginas of the mice is likely related to: (1) lower production of interleukin-8; and (2) inhibition of SAPs expression. However, these neutrophils displayed reactive oxygen species hyperproduction and increased killing activity as compared to the neutrophils of placebo-treated mice. There was no evidence of any cytotoxic effect by the probiotic, either when used in vivo on vaginal epithelial cell and organ architecture, or in in vitro in human vaginal epithelium. Inactivated yeast cells did not affect any of the factors above. In summary, the data suggest that the beneficial effect exerted by this S. cerevisiae-based probiotic is the result of its interference with the expression of fungus virulence factors coupled with the modulation of the inflammatory response of the host.
Contribution of Privacy by Design (of the Processes)
Authors: Martín-Romo Romero Santiago , De-Pablos-Heredero Carmen
Published: January 2018

Privacy by design (PbD) will soon be a compulsory requirement for firms processing personal data. The GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), a new Act in the EU establishes compulsory fulfillment for firms located in the European Union from May 2018. By considering that PbD philosophy leads to protect personal data, it is proposed to start the protection from the design of business activities. Privacy from the business process management perspective has barely been studied. In this paper a group of organizational mechanisms oriented to implement protection measures based on privacy by design are provided. Based on the analysis of 18 surveys done to privacy by design and data security experts, some recommendations are offered. They are based in the analysis of strengths, weakness, opportunities and threads envisioned by the different experts.
Pilot Study of Educational Gaming to Improve Adherence to an End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Protocol
Authors: Jansen Taylore D. , Stutzman Sonja , Yu Christine , Parry David , Olson DaiWai M.
Published: January 2018

Background:

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is an important part of patient care. Understanding and interpreting ETCO2 wavelengths can be a challenge. This pilot study explored the efficacy of a novel approach to educating clinicians on ETCO2 monitoring via game theory.

Method:

A video game application for ETCO2 monitoring was developed. Clinicians were encouraged to play the game over a 3-month period. Compliance with the ETCO2 protocol was compared in a random selection of patients admitted before, during, and after the intervention.

Results:

Thirty-eight clinicians completed the preand posttest, with a significant difference in test scores (
p
= .03). The intervention was associated with higher adherence to the ETCO2 protocol before and after the intervention (
p
< .05).

Conclusion:

The availability of new technologies has created opportunities to develop new approaches to educate clinicians. This study showed that the use of a game improved adherence to the ETCO2 protocol.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(2):79–83.
Evaluation of a Clinical Policy Learning Activity
Authors: Yimmee Suchawadee , Fitzwater Julie , O'Donovan Patrice A. , Tong Vivian
Published: January 2018

Background:

Student groups compare evidence-based practice (EBP) to actual practice defined by hospital policies in their clinical rotation sites. This article describes a pilot study evaluating this clinical learning activity.

Method:

Student and faculty surveys were developed and piloted. Purposive sampling with the surveys produced qualitative data and basic statistics to evaluate the learning activity.

Results:

This study suggests that students' satisfaction with the clinical learning activity was generally positive. Three themes emerged, including Relevance to Clinical Practice, Course Outcomes Met, and Reinforcement of Evidence-Based Practice. Faculty surveys showed this learning activity was a useful tool for students to learn and utilize EBP.

Conclusion:

The learning activity is an effective learning and teaching strategy. Collaboration among nursing students, faculty, librarian, and nurses enhanced students' understanding of evidence related to policies in nursing practice and create a meaningful experience. Further work will focus on validation of the surveys. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):44–48.]
Sensibilidades jurídicas e respeito às diferenças: cultura, controle e negociação de sentidos em práticas judiciais no Brasil e em Timor-Leste
Authors: Simião Daniel S.
Published: January 2018

O artigo discute os limites da judicialização de conflitos interpessoais para soluções que atendam a diferentes expectativas de reconhecimento, questionando em que medida a proteção mandatória de direitos de segmentos tidos como vulneráveis representaria o atendimento a demandas morais desses sujeitos. Para isso, toma-se como referência a discussão sobre formas locais de resolução de conflitos em Timor-Leste, como contraponto às formas judicializadas, em que há pouco ou nenhum espaço de escuta e mecanismos de reparação moral às partes. Com base em um caso de resolução de conflito com desfecho trágico, propõe-se que não basta o espaço de enunciação de histórias para que ocorra o sentimento de justiça e reparação. Aponta-se ainda para o papel central das práticas de compensação timorenses para dar conta da dimensão moral do conflito, estabelecendo, subsidiariamente, comparações com a sensibilidade jurídica brasileira e buscando caracterizar limites e possibilidades de formas de justiça de base comunitária e sua tensão com mecanismos de proteção de direito orientados por uma ideologia individualista.
Confusões e desrespeito: uma (re)interpretação possível das falas dos moradores de favelas
Authors: Cardoso Marcus
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo, debruço-me sobre dados etnográficos obtidos em diversas favelas cariocas para discutir a dimensão de insulto moral que determinadas práticas conduzidas por traficantes e policiais adquirem para os moradores dessas áreas. Suas narrativas permitem ir além na reflexão sobre como certas categorias recorrentemente empregadas pelos moradores de favelas dão acesso à teia de significados que revelam visões de mundo centrais para compreender o que está em jogo quando essas pessoas falam das suas experiências. Tomar as categorias locais e os contextos nos quais elas surgem como objeto de análise permite-nos vislumbrar determinados episódios e comportamentos que são apontados como problemáticos, pois são experimentados pelos moradores como gestos de desconsideração, uma ofensa à dignidade de determinado “tipo de pessoa” que vive nas favelas.
Prospects and Options for Sustainable and Inclusive Crowdfunding in African Cities
Authors: Chirisa Innocent , Mukarwi Liaison , Matamanda Abraham Rajab
Published: February 2018

The utility of crowdfunding in promoting sustainable development is beyond doubt due to its popularity in the Global North. The application of this concept in the Global South, especially in Africa, is ill-understood and questionable considering the high levels of corruption, poverty, and poor governance. Applying the concept of crowdfunding in Africa then becomes problematic. The chapter aims to undertake a critical analysis of the concept of crowdfunding and its sustainability in advancing the success of urban-based projects in African cities. What can (or should) be the defining pillars for sustainable and inclusive crowdfunding? What are the known (or even unknown) limits and prospects to initiatives like crowdfunding? What are the answers to the colonial legacy derived scepticisms about self-worth and context? What options do the African cities have? The chapter engages a mix of methodologies including literature review, document review, and case studies. Thematic content analysis is applied in building up the discourse. From the study, five critical observations emerge.
MICHEL DE CERTEAU E ESTUDOS ORGANIZACIONAIS: uma leitura do cenário brasileiro
Authors: Machado Filipe Cabacine Lopes , Fernandes Talita Almeida , Silva Alfredo Rodrigues Leite da
Published: January 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa é discutir a produção científica nacional nos estudos organizacionais em administração que articulam as ideias de Michel de Certeau como base teórica. Para alcançá-lo, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliométrica. Delimitou-se o corte em buscas realizadas no indexador SPELL (Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library) e, posteriormente, na consulta dos currículos na plataforma lattes dos principais pesquisadores que abordaram a temática. Foram identificados e lidos 41 artigos que citavam o autor, contudo, apenas 28 artigos foram selecionados para análise, uma vez que os demais não adotavam Michel de Certeau como eixo analítico, apenas o citavam de maneira pontual. Os resultados indicam que as ideias de Michel de Certeau encontram-se em desenvolvimento nas esferas da administração, e possuem potencial de expansão, mas que, por vezes, ocorrem inconsistências em termos dos usos das ideias do autor e das articulações metodológicas em torno delas.
Effect of temperature on behavior, glycogen content, and mortality in Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)
Authors: Andrade Jennifer T.M. , Cordeiro Nelmara I.S. , Montresor Lângia C. , Luz Dalva M.R. , Luz Renata C.R. , Martinez Carlos B. , Pinheiro Jairo , Paglia Adriano P. , Vidigal Teofânia H.D.A.
Published: January 2018

Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker 1857) is a freshwater mussel with physiological tolerance to different environmental conditions, which may explain its success as an invasive species. The role of abiotic factors in its establishment, abundance and projections of risk of further spread into several areas has been studied. These mussels may respond to multiple environmental stressors, such as temperature, through physiological mechanisms, behavioral responses, mortality or some combination of these. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral responses (valve closing), glycogen concentrations and mortality of L. fortunei under four different temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 20°C and 30°C) during a chronic test (30 days). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare glycogen concentrations across days of the experiment and at the different temperatures. Differences in valve-closing behavior and mortality among temperatures were tested using repeated-measures ANOVA. We observed that most of the mussels maintained at 5°C closed their valves (74.7±15.3%), indicating that they remain inactive at low temperatures. The glycogen levels significantly differed among the temperatures tested. These differences occurred mainly due to the high glycogen values observed in mussels exposed to 10°C. Stability in glycogen concentrations was observed within each particular temperature. The cumulative mortality was higher at extreme temperatures (5°C and 30°C). The ideal temperature for laboratory maintenance and tests is approximately 20°C. Our data also show that L. fortunei can survive and maintain their energy reserves (glycogen) for several days at 5°C, an important feature related to its invasion success.
Contribution to the knowledge on the distribution of freshwater sponges – the Danube and Sava rivers case study
Authors: Andjus Stefan , Nikolic Nadja , Dobricic Valerija , Marjanovic Ana , Gacic Zoran , Brankovic Goran , Rakovic Maja , Paunovic Momir
Published: January 2018

Sponges in the large rivers within the Danube River Basin (DRB) have not been adequately studied. Hence, the aim of this work was to undertake an investigation on the distribution of sponge species in the Danube and Sava rivers. Out of 88 localities covered by the study, sponges were found at 25 sites only (46 samples in total). By using morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and genetic (28S rDNA sequencing) analysis, four species were determined: Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1759), Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759), Eunapius fragilis (Leidy, 1851), Trochospongilla horrida Weltner, 1893. In the Danube, the predominant species was found to be E. fluviatilis making approximately 80% of collected samples, while in the Sava River S. lacustris dominated, representing 46% of the river sponges. Our work represents one of the few studies on freshwater sponges within the DRB from long stretches of the large lowland rivers (more than 2500 km of the Danube River and about 900 km of the Sava River). Moreover, molecular analysis for the identification of freshwater sponges was applied on the material collected from a wide area, thus contributing to the systematic studies on the distribution and abundance of the European freshwater invertebrate fauna in general.
Assessing temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton composition in a large reservoir in the Brazilian northeastern region under intense drought conditions
Authors: Barroso Hortência De Souza , Santos Janaina A. , Marins Rozane V. , Lacerda Luiz Drude
Published: January 2018

The present study was carried out in Castanhão Reservoir, a large aquatic system in the Brazilian semi-arid region that serves multiples uses as water drinking supply and intensive fish-cage aquaculture site. In order to understand the effects of environmental conditions on the spatial and temporal variability of the phytoplankton functional groups (FG) and the main ‘characterizing taxa’, sub-superficial water samples were collected from March 2012 to August 2013, a period distinguished by the continuous drop in reservoir volume due to rainfall shortage. Eighteen functional groups and 102 total phytoplankton taxa were found in the Castanhão reservoir during the study. No significant differences were observed relative to spatial variation of total phytoplankton composition throughout the reservoir (PERMANOVA, P>0.05). On the other hand, according to cluster analysis results, three temporal phases have been identified (Similarity Profile, P<0.05), based on 102 phytoplankton taxa. The ‘characterizing taxa’ was found using the Similarity Percentage procedure (cut-off 90%), being thus defined as those taxa that contributed the most to the similarity within each temporal phase. Nineteen ‘characterizing taxa’ described the Castanhão reservoir, with predominance of those typical of mixing and turbidity conditions. Cyanobacteria dominated through the three temporal phases. According to the redundancy analysis, nutrient availability and water transparency were found to influence the phytoplankton temporal dynamics. The phase I (rainy season) was most represented by Planktolyngbya minor/Pl. limnetica (FG = S1), which reached best performance under strongly decreased phosphate-P concentrations and low water transparency. In phase II (dry season), Romeria victoriae (FG = ?) outcompeted other cyanobacteria probably due the increase in water transparency and decrease in ammonium-N. Finally, in phase III (rainy season) the decrease of water transparency triggered a recovery of shade-adapted cyanobacteria, but at this time mostly represented by Pseudanabaena limnetica (FG = S1). Phase III was also distinctive from the other ones by the highest Nitrate-N and phosphate-P concentrations related to thermocline disruption, which favored an increase in total phytoplankton biomass recorded by the augment of green algae density (FGs = X1, J and F). We concluded that the temporal dynamics of phytoplankton composition was associated to environmental changes in Castanhão Reservoir from 2012 to 2013, which were driven by seasonal climate variation from region (rainy/dry seasons), as well as, by the reduction in reservoir volume that resulted in the disruption of the thermocline, water mixing and an increase in inorganic P and N.
Pancreaticoportal Fistula Formation as a Consequence of Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: Clinical and Imaging Considerations
Authors: Makary Mina S , Gayou Edward L , Kyrouac Douglas , Shah Zarine K
Published: January 2018

A pancreatic-portal vein fistula (PPVF) is an extremely rare complication of pancreatitis. In this report, we present a patient with a PPVF in the setting of recurrent pancreatitis and portal vein thrombosis diagnosed by cross-sectional imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography, who responded to medical management and anticoagulation. A critical review of this disease process is explored to highlight pathology, imaging characteristics, and essential alternative diagnostic considerations. We also discuss potential complications and current treatment strategies. PPVFs pose a unique diagnostic challenge and awareness of its clinical presentation can further improve patient outcomes.
“It’s Like a Phantom Disease”: Patient Perspectives on Access to Treatment for Chagas Disease in the United States
Authors: Forsyth Colin J. , Hernandez Salvador , Flores Carmen A. , Roman Mario F. , Nieto J. Maribel , Marquez Grecia , Sequeira Juan , Sequeira Harry , Meymandi Sheba K.
Published: January 2018

Chagas disease (CD) affects > 6 million people globally, including > 300,000 in the United States. Although early detection and etiological treatment prevents chronic complications from CD, < 1% of U.S. cases have been diagnosed and treated. This study explores access to etiological treatment from the perspective of patients with CD. In semi-structured interviews with 50 Latin American–born patients of the Center of Excellence for Chagas Disease at the Olive View–UCLA Medical Center, we collected demographic information and asked patients about their experiences managing the disease and accessing treatment. Patients were highly marginalized, with 63.4% living below the U.S. poverty line, 60% lacking a high school education, and only 12% with private insurance coverage. The main barriers to accessing health care for CD were lack of providers, precarious insurance coverage, low provider awareness, transportation difficulties, and limited time off. Increasing access to diagnosis and treatment will not only require a dramatic increase in provider and public education, but also development of programs which are financially, linguistically, politically, and geographically accessible to patients.
Which panel data estimator should I use?: A corrigendum and extension
Authors: Moundigbaye Mantobaye , Rea William S. , Reed W. Robert
Published: January 2018

This study uses Monte Carlo experiments to produce new evidence on the performance of a wide range of panel data estimators. It focuses on estimators that are readily available in statistical software packages such as Stata and Eviews, and for which the number of cross-sectional units (N) and time periods (T) are small to moderate in size. The goal is to develop practical guidelines that will enable researchers to select the best estimator for a given type of data. It extends a previous study on the subject (Reed and Ye, Which panel data estimator should I use? 2011), and modifies their recommendations. The new recommendations provide a (virtually) complete decision tree: When it comes to choosing an estimator for efficiency, it uses the size of the panel dataset (N and T) to guide the researcher to the best estimator. When it comes to choosing an estimator for hypothesis testing, it identifies one estimator as superior across all the data scenarios included in the study. An unusual finding is that researchers should use different estimators for estimating coefficients and testing hypotheses. The authors present evidence that bootstrapping allows one to use the same estimator for both.
An ‘outside-in’ PR history: Identifying the role of PR in history, culture and sociology
Authors: Crawford Robert , Macnamara Jim
Published: January 2018

Historical, social and cultural understanding of public relations in Australia is limited because most histories of PR examine practices specifically labelled ‘public relations’ and almost all study PR from ‘inside out’ – that is, from the subjective perspective of PR practitioners. This article reports an alternative approach to PR history which applies historical analysis of major events, icons, and institutions in society to identify the methods of their construction politically, culturally and discursively. This article specifically reports historical and critical analysis of the creation and celebration of Australia’s national day, Australia Day from soon after the British flag was hoisted in Sydney on 26 January 1788 to the sophisticated pageantry of the nation’s bicentenary in 1988 and its entry to the new millennium in 2000. This research challenges a ‘blind spot’ in social science and humanities disciplines in relation to public relations by showing that the practices of PR are deeply embedded in the social and cultural construction of societies. This study confirms Taylor and Kent’s claim that “all nation building campaigns include large communication components that are essentially public relations campaigns”.
Of Public Space: Sex and Mercy (2007) Vol 1 Art 1
Authors: Reynolds Rocque
Published: January 2018

Welcome to our new refereed journal, Public Space: the Journal of Law and Social Justice, which is being launched as part of the 30th year celebrations of the Faculty of Law of the University of Technology, Sydney through UTSePress.

The concept of public space is almost boundless. At its most simple, public space may conjure images of Romans disclaiming and, if this journal does no more than provide a forum for diverse views then it will be of some value. But we think public space is much more than this.
Of Public Space: My Island Home
Authors: Crofts Penny
Published: January 2018

Welcome to the second volume of the refereed journal, Public Space: the Journal of Law and Social Justice.

The second volume of Public Space offers a meditation on the theme My Island Home. The theme was inspired, in part, by Neil Murray’s song My Island Home. Murray said that he had been living in the deserts of Central Australia for some time, estranged from the fresh water country of his youth. He wrote the song after spending a week camping at Galiwinku in Arnhem Land, living like a king on bush tucker, and then leaving to travel

to Sydney during the winter. The song expressed his intense longing to be in a boat on a tropical sea.
Book review: The Critical Criminology Companion
Authors: Crofts Penny
Published: January 2018

The Critical Criminology Companion is a wonderful new addition to the field of criminology. The book showcases many of the major Australian and New Zealand politically committed and theoretically sophisticated criminologists writing in their particular area of expertise.
Law and liberty in a time of climate change
Authors: Rogers Nicole
Published: January 2018

In this article I examine the intersection between human rights and climate change, and consider whether, in fact, fundamental human rights are or would be jeopardised by a concerted attempt on the part of Western governments to curb carbon emissions. I draw comparisons with the war on terror, and discuss the implications of a possible war on climate change for democracy and the rule of law. My argument is that any curtailment of human rights must be placed in perspective. It is increasingly apparent that, if left unchecked, climate change will have a catastrophic impact upon human rights. Thus, the requirement for urgent action on climate change arises as much from a human rights perspective as from a more wholistic environmental perspective.
Globalisation Of Women’s Rights Norms: The Right To Manifest Religion And ‘Orientalism’ In The Council Of Europe
Authors: Skeet Charlotte Helen
Published: January 2018

Women’s access to and enjoyment of human rights are increasingly being used as a global measure of other “goods” in societies: for instance as a measure of development, a gauge of the health and depth of democracy and as a general indicator of a state commitment and adherence to international responsibilities. Therefore, while the study of women’s relationship to human rights is of considerable importance and interest in itself it is also gaining prominence across a range of other areas of international and domestic law. This might be viewed as a positive indication of the growing strength of women’s human rights norms but it bears closer analysis. Also within this discourse on women’s rights what rights norms are being globalised and how is this occurring?

This paper considers how supposedly universalist rhetorics around equality rights can advance ‘orientalist’ and patriarchal discourses in relation to who “women” are and how their rights may be realised. Such discourses may hinder implementation of women’s rights especially for women who are “other.” This is particularly evident in relation to women’s rights to freedom of expression, the manifestation of religious freedom and rights to participate in culture. To illustrate this specific focus is given to the increasing discrimination against Muslim women and to human rights responses in this context within Europe.
Has the Genie Been Let out of the Bottle? Ethnic Profiling in the Netherlands
Authors: Eijkman Quirine
Published: January 2018

A range of political and social developments in the Netherlands suggest that ethnic profiling in political and social discourse is no longer seen as a taboo. Increasingly ethnic profiling is perceived as part of the solution to ‘the problem’ of terrorism, radicalisation, integration, violent crime, serious public nuisance or public safety. Although Dutch legislation and regulations do not explicitly prohibit ethnic or racial profiling, for law enforcement officials to use generalisations based on ethnicity, race, national origin or religion is at odds with national and international law. Nonetheless, there is a risk that police, security, immigration and customs officials exercise their general and special powers on the basis of generalisations or stereotypes to tackle pressing social needs.
Transport of regional pollutants through a remote trans-Himalayan valley in Nepal
Authors: Dhungel Shradda , Kathayat Bhogendra , Mahata Khadak , Panday Arnico
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Anthropogenic emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass in Asia have increased in recent years. High concentrations of reactive trace gases and light-absorbing and light-scattering particles from these sources form persistent haze layers, also known as atmospheric brown clouds, over the Indo–Gangetic plains (IGP) from December through early June. Models and satellite imagery suggest that strong wind systems within deep Himalayan valleys are major pathways by which pollutants from the IGP are transported to the higher Himalaya. However, observational evidence of the transport of polluted air masses through Himalayan valleys has been lacking to date. To evaluate this pathway, we measured black carbon (BC), ozone (O3), and associated meteorological conditions within the Kali Gandaki Valley (KGV), Nepal, from January 2013 to July 2015. BC and O3 varied over both diurnal and seasonal cycles. Relative to nighttime, mean BC and O3 concentrations within the valley were higher during daytime when the up-valley flow (average velocity of 17 m s−1) dominated. BC and O3 concentrations also varied seasonally with minima during the monsoon season (July to September). Concentrations of both species subsequently increased post-monsoon and peaked during March to May. Average concentrations for O3 during the seasonally representative months of April, August, and November were 41.7, 24.5, and 29.4 ppbv, respectively, while the corresponding BC concentrations were 1.17, 0.24, and 1.01 µg m−3, respectively. Up-valley fluxes of BC were significantly greater than down-valley fluxes during all seasons. In addition, frequent episodes of BC concentrations 2–3 times higher than average persisted from several days to a week during non-monsoon months. Our observations of increases in BC concentration and fluxes in the valley, particularly during pre-monsoon, provide evidence that trans-Himalayan valleys are important conduits for transport of pollutants from the IGP to the higher Himalaya.
Fine particle pH for Beijing winter haze as inferred from different thermodynamic equilibrium models
Authors: Song Shaojie , Gao Meng , Xu Weiqi , Shao Jingyuan , Shi Guoliang , Wang Shuxiao , Wang Yuxuan , Sun Yele , McElroy Michael B.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. pH is an important property of aerosol particles but is difficult to measure directly. Several studies have estimated the pH values for fine particles in North China winter haze using thermodynamic models (i.e., E-AIM and ISORROPIA) and ambient measurements. The reported pH values differ widely, ranging from close to 0 (highly acidic) to as high as 7 (neutral). In order to understand the reason for this discrepancy, we calculated pH values using these models with different assumptions with regard to model inputs and particle phase states. We find that the large discrepancy is due primarily to differences in the model assumptions adopted in previous studies. Calculations using only aerosol phase composition as inputs (i.e., reverse mode) are sensitive to the measurement errors of ionic species and inferred pH values exhibit a bimodal distribution with peaks between −2 and 2 and between 7 and 10. Calculations using total (gas plus aerosol phase) measurements as inputs (i.e., forward mode) are affected much less by the measurement errors, and results are thus superior to those obtained from the reverse mode calculations. Forward mode calculations in this and previous studies collectively indicate a moderately acidic condition (pH from about 4 to about 5) for fine particles in North China winter haze, indicating further that ammonia plays an important role in determining this property. The differences in pH predicted by the forward mode E-AIM and ISORROPIA calculations may be attributed mainly to differences in estimates of activity coefficients for hydrogen ions. The phase state assumed, which can be either stable (solid plus liquid) or metastable (only liquid), does not significantly impact pH predictions of ISORROPIA.
Carbon dioxide retrieval from OCO-2 satellite observations using the RemoTeC algorithm and validation with TCCON measurements
Authors: Wu Lianghai , Hasekamp Otto , Hu Haili , Landgraf Jochen , Butz Andre , aan de Brugh Joost , Aben Ilse , Pollard Dave F. , Griffith David W. T. , Feist Dietrich G. , Koshelev Dmitry , Hase Frank , Toon Geoffrey C. , Ohyama Hirofumi , Morino Isamu , Notholt Justus , Shiomi Kei , Iraci Laura , Schneider Matthias , de Maziére Martine , Sussmann Ralf , Kivi Rigel , Warneke Thorsten , Goo Tae-Young , Té Yao
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In this study we present the retrieval of the column averaged dry air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (XCO2) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite observations using the RemoTeC algorithm, previously successfully applied to retrieval of greenhouse gas concentration from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The XCO2 product has been validated with collocated ground based measurements from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) for almost 2 years of OCO-2 data from September 2014 to July 2016. We found that fitting an additive radiometric offset in all three spectral bands of OCO-2 significantly improved the retrieval. Based on a small correlation of the XCO2 error over land with fit residuals, we applied an a posteriori bias correction to our OCO-2 retrievals. In daily averaged results, XCO2 retrievals have a standard deviation ~ 1.30 ppm and a station-to-station variability of ~ 0.40 ppm among collocated TCCON sites. The seasonal relative accuracy (SRA) has a value of 0.52 ppm. The validation shows relatively larger difference with TCCON over high latitude areas and some specific regions like Japan.