bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Septic arthritis of ankle joint in the paediatric age group: a retrospective study
Authors: Rehman Nasiur , Zgoda Marcin , Osman Mohamed K.
Published: March 2020

Background: Septic arthritis in paediatric age group poses a significant clinical problem. Common sites are hip and knee joint. There are several orthopaedic literatures available on septic arthritis of the hip and knee joint, however, literature on epidemiology, causative organisms and outcome of septic arthritis of the ankle are very few.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary hospital with an aim to evaluate the incidence, causative pathogen, outcome and to identify differences, if any, between clinical features and laboratory findings of these patients when compared to those with hip and knee joint infection.

Results: 47 children were diagnosed with septic arthritis, of which, 14 had septic arthritis of the ankle. Mean age was 5.2 years (8 months - 12 years). 13 children had undergone joint aspiration as a primary procedure. 50% (7) children had positive culture. Streptococcus pyogenes was the commonest causative organism in our cohort (29%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Mean follow-up was 36 months (16 - 56 months). 13 children (93%) had good clinical outcome. 1 child developed early arthritis.

Conclusions: Septic arthritis of the ankle is a serious condition. Even-though the joint is superficial, diagnosing it clinically can be difficult due to less pronounced symptoms. This can lead to delay in establishing the diagnosis and commencing treatment, hence, it is imperative to have a high index of suspicion. We found early joint aspiration followed by a course of antibiotics to be an effective regimen in management of this devastating condition.
Influence of posterior tibial slope on knee flexion in posterior stabilized fixed bearing primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kanugula Sandeep Kumar , Rathod Mallesh , S. M. Venugopal , Lebaku Mohan Babu
Published: March 2020

Background: The goal of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is to relieve pain and maintain stable range of motion (ROM) for day to day activities. Among the various factors, posterior tibial slope slope (PTS) may play an important role in achieving good postoperative knee flexion. Our study aims to know the effectiveness of PTS on the ROM of the knee in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-substituting TKA.

Methods: A total of 125 unilateral PCL-substituting TKA’s were included in the study. Based on postoperative PTA which was measured on lateral radiograph, patients were divided into 3 groups, Group A (PTS of ≤2) comprise of 24 patients. Group B consists of 91 patients (PTS of 3 to 7). Group C includes 10 patients (PTS of 8 or more). Functional outcome was measured by using knee society score (KSS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) which were evaluated preoperatively and at 18months post operatively.

Results: Mean postop ROM was 92.91 ± 10.632; 107.24±10.905; 107.49±13.944 in group A, B, C respectively which was significantly related to mean postop PTS (0.74; 5.62; 9.87 in group A, B, C respectively) (P<0.05). Functional outcome was measured by KSS and WOMAC which showed no significant difference pre and postoperatively.

Conclusions: The results of our study validate the hypothesis that a positive correlation exists between the postoperative flexion and PTS in the PCL-substituting TKA, an increase in PTS can lead to a greater degree of the knee flexion for every extra degree of PTS.

 
Coaptation and functional bracing of adolescent humeral shaft spiral fracture: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Thiagarajan Singaram Thiyagarajan , Harshavardhan J.K. Giriraj
Published: March 2020

Adolescent humerus shaft fractures are uncommon. Direct injuries lead to transverse fractures and indirect injuries lead to spiral and most oblique fractures. There is fracture displacement, angulation and internal rotation of the proximal fragment. There is difficulty in maintaining reduction after closed manipulation of spiral fractures. Paediatric humeral shaft fractures are treated by elastic intramedullary nails more often nowadays. We present a case of isolated spiral fracture of the middle1/3rd and distal 1/3rd junction of the humerus shaft with displacement and angulation treated successfully with closed reduction, coaptation U slab followed by functional orthosis.
La corrupción y la corrupción judicial: aportes para el debate
Authors: Carvajal Martínez Jorge Enrique , Hernández Díaz Carlos Arturo , Rodríguez Martínez Eduardo
Published: March 2020

El fenómeno de la corrupción está presente en diversas esferas de lo público y lo privado. El presente artículo busca describir cómo la corrupción y la corrupción en la justicia están siendo percibidas por la sociedad, fundamentalmente en América Latina. Para ello, se hará un análisis comparativo entre Perú, México y Colombia. El método de investigación utilizado para este trabajo es de tipo sociojurídico: parte de la problemática social de la corrupción y la relaciona con la administración de justicia.
El iusnaturalismo en el derecho colombiano
Authors: Muñoz Gomez Luis Alberto , Niño Hernández Fanny Patricia
Published: March 2020

La discusión entre la moral y el derecho suscita debates y posturas jurídicas que se traducen en las corrientes iuspositivistas y iusnaturalistas. Estas concepciones, a medida que la sociedad va evolucionando, cambian y deben reflejarse en las instituciones jurídicas. El objetivo general de la investigación fue determinar la naturaleza y la función del iusnaturalismo en la legislación colombiana. Para ello se hizo preciso recurrir al modelo cualitativo con la finalidad de comprender, interpretar y describir; se adoptó como técnica el análisis documental y como instrumento la matriz, según autores y sentencias. Esto permitió desarrollar los objetivos específicos propuestos, vinculados con el propósito de establecer la naturaleza del iusnaturalismo, su evolución, reconocimiento y función en el derecho colombiano. Por medio del análisis del discurso, se concluyó que la función del derecho natural en Colombia es precaria; la medida correctiva que se propone, por ende, es elevar a este a principio positivo de carácter preferente.
El contrato de agencia comercial bajo la óptica del marketing, la contabilidad y el derecho
Authors: Velandia Mauricio
Published: March 2020

Este artículo analiza el contrato de agencia comercial bajo tres distintas ópticas: el marketing, la contabilidad y el derecho. Este escrito también estudia las diferentes modalidades de contrato de agencia comercial: dos legales y una basada en las decisiones de la Corte Suprema de Justicia.
METABOLIC SYNDROME - THIS IS SERIOUS!
Authors: Turkina Tatiana I. , Shcherbo S. N , Vaganov P. D
Published: March 2020

Metabolic syndrome is a complex of metabolic, hormonal and clinical disorders that are risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, which are based on insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. The main mechanisms of the effects of chronic hyperinsulinemia on blood pressure are given, and the main symptoms and manifestations of the metabolic syndrome are given. The most common variant of dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome is the lipid triad.
THE COMPARATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE NORMATIVE DOCUMENTS GOVERNING THE X-RAY MAMMOGRAPHY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Vasil’ev A. Yu , Buromskiy I. V , Pavlova Tamara V. , Manuylova O. O
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the normative documents in force in our country of the Ministry of Health that regulate the timing, order and age criteria for examining the mammary glands using x-ray mammography. A sufficient number of disagreements were revealed among the Orders, Letters, and Methodological and Clinical Recommendations that have not lost their legal force, which significantly complicate the daily work of clinicians and radiologists of mammography rooms. The lack of a unified approach to the standard of mammographic examination among the medical community inevitably leads to medical errors and increases the number of untimely diagnoses. In order to improve indicators of early diagnosis of breast cancer and minimize the amount of subsequent treatment, it is necessary to develop a single normative document that defines the algorithm for mammographic examination of the population.
EXPERIENCE OF MEDICATION AND MEDICAL PRODUCT SUPPLY ORGANIZATION FOR INTERNATIONAL SPORTS EVENTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WINTER UNIVERSIADE 2019
Authors: Barankina Tatiana A. , Krasnopeeva Irina V. , Fetisov Aleksandr O.
Published: March 2020

Relevance: lack of regulations on the medication and medical product supply for the participants of international sports events and other accredited groups. Aim: to propose a new model for medical supplement during international sports events in accordance with the WADA requirements. Methods and materials: Legislation and experience of medical organizations providing medical care during international sports events, regulations on providing medical care during the international sports events. Medical care and diagnostics were implemented in accordance with principles of lean manufacturing. Results and conclusions: internal regulations on 24-hour medical assistance during the Winter Universiade 2019 were developed for the FSRCC. The regulations were devised with consideration of the peculiarities of medication marking in accordance with WADA requirements. FSRCC staff has developed a certain procedure for the newly introduced free medication supplement to all accredited groups as was required by the Universiade Directorate.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE STUDENTS OF MEDICAL SPECIALTIES IN THE ADJACENT TERRITORIES OF THE FAR EAST
Authors: Kuznetsov V. V , Kosilov Kirill V.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship of semester performance with the level of self-assessment of the psychological characteristics of quality of life related to health and factors of socio-economic status in Russian and Chinese students of medical specialties in the neighboring territories of the Far East. The study was conducted from 01.12. 2017 to 05.15.2019 at the School of Bio-Medicine of the Far Eastern Federal University (SBM FEFU), Pacific National Medical University (TSMU) of the Russian Federation, medical faculties of Harbin and Mudanjiang Universities (PRC). It was attended by 316 Russian and 302 Chinese students (total - 618 people with equal gender representation), the average age is 21.6 years. The average response rate was 92.8%. Students who took part in the study completed the standardized questionnaire “Short form of self-assessment of the quality of life associated with the health of the MOS SF-36” (MOS SF - Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form). The study of mental status was carried out using scales of resilience (FS), social functioning (SF), emotional status (ES), psychological comfort (PC). The study of socio-economic status was carried out according to the Questionnaire Pozdeeva (2008) with the additions of the authors. As a result of the study, it was found that the level of self-esteem of the psychological component of the quality of life related to health among Russian and Chinese medical students is within the range of standard values; Russian medical students rate psychological comfort higher, while their Chinese peers rate their own social functioning and resilience. Students of both samples showed a high level of correlation of the psychological component of the quality of life associated with health and academic performance. In addition, in both samples, the level of performance correlates with assessments of the conditions of study and living, as well as with individual characteristics of psychological status.
ROLE OF LABORATORY METHODS IN INTEGRATED DIAGNOSTICS OF ACUTE MESENTERIAL ISCHEMIA
Authors: Belov Dmitry V. , Garbuzenko D. V , Lukin O. P , Anufrieva S. S
Published: March 2020

The aim of the review: to present literature data on the role of laboratory methods in the complex diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. The main provisions. To search for scientific publications, we used the PubMed database, the RSCI, the Google Scholar search engine, as well as cited references. Articles relevant to the purpose of the review were selected for the period from 1999 to 2019 in the following terms: “acute mesenteric ischemia”, “pathogenesis”, “diagnosis”, “biomarkers”. Inclusion criteria were limited to acute arterial mesenteric ischemia. Acute mesenteric ischemia is an emergency condition caused by a sudden violation of the blood flow through the mesenteric vessels, which rapidly progresses to a heart attack of the intestinal wall and is accompanied by high mortality. Four main mechanisms of OMI are distinguished: embolism from the left parts of the heart or aorta, thrombosis of arteries or veins of the intestine, non-occlusive acute mesenteric ischemia (NOMI), due to vascular spasm. In this case, destructive disorders occur in the intestinal wall, starting from the mucous membrane to the serous, which leads to bacterial translocation and the development of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Early bowel revascularization is a key factor in reducing complications and mortality associated with it. However, in the initial stages of the disease has no specific signs, which complicate its diagnosis. The only way to detect mesenteric blood flow disorders is MSCT with angiography, and with non-occlusive lesions, mesenteric angiography, which in normal clinical practice is not always possible. Conclusion. It can be assumed that the use of laboratory methods will expand the range of diagnostic measures and will make it possible to conduct timely treatment aimed at restoring the mesenteric blood flow and improve the prognosis in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia.
FEATURES OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES
Authors: Damulin Igo’r V. , Romanov D. V , Ninoy I. V
Published: March 2020

The deals with the features of mental disorders in neurological diseases - dementia, epilepsy, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, multiple sclerosis. It is emphasized that psychopathological syndromes are not pathognomony for certain neurological diseases. Among the signs that help in the correct diagnosis of mental disorders caused by neurological pathology, their sudden occurrence on heteronomy soil with very variable and atypical for mental diseases of clinical manifestations, the absence of aggravated by mental illness (including family) history, resistance to the drugs commonly used in psychiatric pathology, the patient’s intake of drugs, among side effects which are mental disorders. In the diagnosis, the key is the correct assessment of neurological status, its dynamics, as well as confirmed by paraclinical research methods, in patients with neurological diseases, which in themselves can lead to the development of mental disorders. However, ignoring the features of mental disorders, the lack of a clinically adjusted approach to this category of patients, difficulties in highlighting the most significant symptoms, can lead to misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is so important to know not only the neurological manifestations of certain neurological diseases, but also to properly navigate their mental manifestations. To solve this problem, it is necessary to closely interact psychiatrists with neurologists. Only with this condition will it be possible to effectively help the patient.
Responses to Racism within Black Families in Cartagena de Indias
Authors: Villarreal Kristell Andrea , Marrugo Monterrosa Heiver , Ríos Fernández Javier , Ochoa Ramos Ana Cecilia
Published: March 2020

This article describes some of the responses to everyday racism that occurs within some black families from Cartagena. The categories of analysis of this work were established from the forms of everyday racism conceptualized by Philomena Essed (1991). The data used were obtained through twenty semi-structured interviews. We worked with people who recognize themselves as black, the practices they described took place within the family nucleus where they were formed, but also the family nucleus that they formed during their adulthood.

It is concluded that in many black families from Cartagena are spaces where identity is managed and where the pillars are built, so that subjects can acquire tools that allow them to improve their capacity for social mobility, but it is also a space where racist ideologies can be (re)produced under a protectionist and paternalistic premise.
Poderes autorizados por notarios extranjeros y compraventa de inmuebles situados en España = Power of attorney authorized by foreign notaries and purchase of property located in Spain
Authors: Calvo Caravaca Alfonso-Luis , Carrascosa González Javier
Published: March 2020

Resumen: El presente estudio muestra que un poder otorgado en país extranjero y empleado para vender o adquirir inmuebles situados en España mediante escritura publica notarial española que posteriormente se presenta para su inscripción en el Registro de la propiedad, debe haber sido otorgado ante notario extranjero que desarrolla funciones similares a las que son propias de los notarios españoles. El art. 10.1 CC es el precepto que impone la necesidad de que el poder se otorgue en documento público equivalente al español. El art. 10.11 CC no incide en dicha cuestión. Tampoco el art. 11.2 CC es aplicable a la cuestión, pues en Derecho español el poder no es un acto jurídico sujeto a forma solemne. Este trabajo también pone de relieve que el notario español debe realizar un juicio de “suficiencia del poder” en el que se encuentra implícito un juicio de “equivalencia de funciones”. Palabras clave: poder otorgado en país extranjero, inmuebles situados en España, notario extranjero, derechos reales.Abstract: This study deals with some issues concerning the legal effects in Spain of a power of attorney granted specially when its is used to sell or acquire real estate located in Spain before a Spanish notary with the purpose of a subsequent registration in the Spanish Property Registry. Art. 10.1 of the Spanish civil code proves that Spanish Law applies to the extent that the foreign notary must have been acted as a Spanish notary would have been when a power of attorney is granted. The requirement of a public document does not derive from Art. 11.2 of the Spanish civil code neither from art. 10.11 of the Spanish civil code. Under Spanish Law, the power of attorney is not a legal act subject to solemn form. This work also highlights that the Spanish notaries must value the adequacy of the power of attorney with regard to the sale of real estate located in Spain.Keywords: power of attorney in a foreign country, real estate located in Spain, foreign notary public, rights in rem.
Beneficiario efectivo de los intereses, abuso de derecho y libre circulación de capitales: a propósito de la STJUE de 26 de febrero de 2019 = Beneficial owner of interests, abuse of rights and free movement of capitals: by purpose of The Judgment Of The Court 26 February 2019
Authors: López Espadafor Carlos María , García Guerrero David
Published: March 2020

Resumen: La STJUE de 26 de febrero de 2019 puede aportar herramientas útiles a las Administraciones tributarias de los Estados miembros para interpretar y aplicar el Derecho de la Unión Europea en materia de exención en origen de los intereses que se satisfacen por una entidad a otra al amparo de la Directiva 2003/49. El punto clave es determinar si una sociedad es beneficiario efectivo de los intereses. Esta Sentencia delimita escenarios en los que existe abuso de derecho frente a los supuestos en que simplemente no se da la condición de beneficiario efectivo. Se subrayan ciertas situaciones en las que se ha violado la libre circulación de capitales.Palabras clave: beneficiario efectivo, abuso de derecho, principio general de prohibición de prácticas abusivas, libre circulación de capitales.Abstract: The Judgment Of The Court (Grand Chamber) 26 February 2019 can contribute useful tools to the Tax Administrations of the Member States when interpreting and applying European Union law in respect of exemption of interest and royalty payments which are satisfied by one entity to another one according to the Directive 2003/49. The key point is to determine if a company is a beneficial owner of the interests. This Judgment provides arrangements in which there is abuse of rights against the cases where the beneficial owner condition simply does not exist. It highlights certain situations in which the free movement of capital has been violated.Keywords: beneficial owner, abuse of rights, general principle prohibiting abuse, free movement of capital.
La ley aplicable a la forma en las donaciones internacionales. En torno a la STSJ Cataluña de 18 marzo 2019 = Applicable law to the form requirements of international gifts. Around the sentence of The High Court of Cataluña of 18 March 2019
Authors: Goñi Urriza Natividad
Published: March 2020

Resumen: La sentencia del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Cataluña de 18 de marzo de 2019 resuelve sobre la validez de una donación entre esposos de un bien inmueble sito en Ingarö (Suecia). La sentencia se pronuncia sobre la aplicación al caso del Reglamento Roma I y del desplazamiento del art. 11CC como norma de conflicto aplicable a la validez formal de la donación, tampoco la considera ley de policía del foro.Palabras clave: requerimientos de forma, donaciones internacionales entre esposos, leyes de policía, Reglamento Roma I. art. 11CC. Abstract: The Judgment of the High Court of Cataluña of 18 March 2019 ruled on the formal validity of an international gift between spouses of a land situated in Ingarö (Sweden). The Judgment apply the Rome I Regulation and avoid the application of art. 11CC even as an overriding mandatory provision of the law of the forum.Keywords: form requirements, international gifts between spouses, overriding mandatory provisions, Rome I Regulation. art. 11CC.
Los acuerdos atributivos de jurisdicción a favor de un tribunal extranjero incluidos en un conocimiento de embarque: los usos y la libertad contractual en el sector maritimo. Comentario al auto de 5 de julio de 2019 de La AAP de Madrid (Sección 28) = Agreements conferring jurisdiction in favour of a foreign court included in a bill of lading: costums and contractual freedom in the maritime sector. Commentary on the order of 5 July 2019 of the AAP de Madrid (Section 28)
Authors: Magallón Elósegui Nerea
Published: March 2020

Resumen: Los acuerdos atributivos de jurisdicción a favor de un tribunal extranjero incluidos en un conocimiento de embarque se han utilizado tradicionalmente en el sector marítimo como mecanismo que agiliza la práctica comercial a la vez que busca el equilibrio entre las partes que resolverán sus controversias ante un foro neutral y especializado. Sin embargo, la presencia de estas cláusulas en contratos estandarizados fomenta la discusión acerca de la existencia de una parte débil en la relación y la imposición de la cláusula sin su consentimiento y en detrimento de sus intereses. En esta decisión se vislumbra la dicotomía que ha resurgido a raíz de la nueva Ley de Navegación marítima que, con el objetivo de evitar los abusos inherentes a las cláusulas de sumisión sufridos por terceros poseedores de conocimientos de embarque, incorpora estrictas exigencias que alteran la línea seguida por la normativa europea.Palabras clave: Derecho Internacional privado, artículo 25 Reglamento 1215/2012 (Bruselas I bis), clausulas atributivas de jurisdicción, autonomía de la voluntad de las partes. Abstract: Jurisdiction agreements in favour of a foreign court included in a bill of lading have traditionally been used in the maritime sector as a mechanism that streamlines commercial practice while seeking a balance between the parties that will resolve their disputes in a neutral and specialized forum. However, the presence of these clauses in standardized contracts encourages discussion about the existence of a weak party in the relationship and the imposition of the clause without its consent and to the detriment of its interests. In this decision both positions are glimpsed reflecting a dichotomy that has resurfaced as a result of the new Law of Maritime Navigation which, with the aim of avoiding the abuses inherent in the submission clauses suffered by third parties possessing bills of lading, incorporates strict requirements that alter the line followed by the European regulations.Keywords: Private international law, article 25 R 1215/2012 (Brussels I bis), clauses conferring jurisdiction, autonomy of the will of the parties.
Quieta movere – but please do not do it quietly: the ECJ on international jurisdiction in antitrust damages actions (Tibor-Trans, C 451/18) = Quieta movere – pero no en silencio por favor: el TJUE sobre la competencia internacional en las acciones civiles derivadas de ilícitos antitrust (Tibor-Trans, C 451/18)
Authors: Rademacher Lukas
Published: March 2020

Abstract: In Tibor-Trans, the ECJ has commented on the interpretation of ‘the place where the dama­ge occurred’ (Art. 7(2) Brussels I-bis Regulation) to determine international jurisdiction in antitrust dama­ges actions. Contrary to its previous decision in CDC Hydrogen Peroxide, the court held that the claimant’s purported damage must have occurred in a state which is part of the market affected by the cartel. The court can rely on valid arguments in favour of this position. However, the decision does not explicitly discuss the court’s earlier case law. This lacuna in the court’s reasoning is detrimental to legal certainty.Keywords: truck cartel, competition law, antitrust damages, international jurisdiction, place where the damage occurred, pass-on.Resumen: En Tibor-Trans, el TJUE ha comentado la interpretación del ‘lugar donde se haya pro­ducido el hecho dañoso’ (art. 7.2 del Reglamento Bruselas I-bis) para determinar la competencia inter­nacional en las acciones civiles derivadas de ilícitos antitrust. Contrariamente a su decisión anterior en el asunto CDC Hydrogen Peroxide, el tribunal sostuvo que el supuesto daño del demandante debe haber ocurrido en un Estado que forma parte del mercado afectado por el cártel. El tribunal se basa en argumen­tos válidos a favor de esta posición. Sin embargo, la decisión no trata explícitamente la jurisprudencia anterior del tribunal. Esta laguna en el razonamiento del tribunal es perjudicial para la seguridad jurídica.Palabras clave: cártel de camiones, derecho de la competencia, daños derivadas de ilícitos anti­trust, competencia internacional, lugar en el que se produjo el daño, pass-on
La responsabilidad de los intermediarios en internet ¿puertos seguros a prueba de futuro? = Liability of internet intermediaries safe and future-proof harbours?
Authors: Arroyo Amayuelas Esther
Published: March 2020

Resumen: Transcurridos 20 años desde la promulgación de la Directiva 2000/31, de 8 de junio de 2000, sobre comercio electrónico (DCE), parece llegado el momento de adaptar sus exenciones de responsabilidad a los nuevos modelos de negocio en internet. Todo indica que la nueva DCE no ten­drá ya por finalidad preservar los puertos seguros con que ahora cuentan los prestadores de servicios de intermediación (arts. 12-14 DCE), sino prevenir que las nuevas estructuras digitales (plataformas) promuevan y difundan actividades ilícitas. En definitiva, se prevé un incremento de sus deberes de di­ligencia, con el riesgo de censura provocado por un exceso de celo en la búsqueda de ilegalidades y el correspondiente perjuicio para la libertad de empresa. La Directiva 2019/790, de 17 de abril de 2019, sobre los derechos de autor y derechos afines en el mercado único digital es solo un buen exponente de los cambios que ya se han producido.Palabras clave: intermediarios, plataformas, alojamiento, acceso, deber de diligencia, notificación y retirada.Abstract: Twenty years after the enactment of Directive 2000/31 of 8 June 2000, on electronic commerce (ECD), it seems that the time has come to adapt its safe harbours regulatory framework to the new internet business models. All the signs are that the purpose of the new ECD will no longer be to preserve the safe harbours now available to providers of intermediation services (arts. 12-14 ECD), but to prevent new digital structures (platforms) from promoting and disseminating illicit activities. In short, it is foreseen an increase in their duties of diligence, with the risk of censorship caused by an excess of zeal in the search for illegalities and the corresponding damage to the freedom of enterprise. Directive 2019/790 of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market is just a good example of the changes that have already taken place.Keywords: intermediaries, platforms, hosting, access, duty of care, notice and take down
Aplicação do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional na Central de Abastecimento Farmacêutico de um hospital público de médio porte
Authors: Silva Cazagrande Géssica , Teixeira Pontes André
Published: March 2020

O planejamento estratégico é fundamental para qualquer organização, inclusive as organizações da área de saúde que, para atender à população, necessitam gerenciar uma série de operações envolvendo muitos profissionais e diversos insumos. Entre os insumos básicos e essenciais estão os medicamentos, que são gerenciados por uma Central de Abastecimento Farmacêutico (CAF). Reconhecendo a importância e os desafios relacionados à gestão de uma CAF, o objetivo deste trabalho é elaborar um plano operativo para a CAF de um hospital público de médio porte, localizado na cidade de Niterói, utilizando a metodologia do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES). Foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais envolvidos com as atividades da CAF e analisados os atuais mecanismos de controle e gerenciais, realizou-se também seções de brainstorming para identificar os problemas enfrentados pela CAF. Entre os principais problemas identificados, destacam-se o controle epidemiológico e a falta de reconhecimento do profissional farmacêutico. Foi elaborado um plano de ação com detalhamento das ações, recursos necessários e indicadores de acompanhamento. O PES mostrou-se uma ferramenta prática, eficiente e de fácil execução, características importantes para sua adesão, vistos que os gestores do CAF são profissionais da área da saúde com formação muito específica e com pouco conhecimento em ferramentas de planejamento.
Attitude Determinant in Entrepreneurship Behavior of Vocational Students’ Entrepreneurship Intention
Authors: Wardana Ludi Wishnu , Purnama Chamdan , Anam Saiful , Maula Farij Ibadil
Published: March 2020

This study aim to finding the correlation between emotional intelligence, entrepreneurship self-efficacy, entrepreneurship behavioral attitude, and entrepreneurship intention vocational school students. The data were analyzed using the SEM Smart PLS technique. The study revealed that there is a cause and effect correlation between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship self-efficacy, entrepreneurship behavioral attitude toward entrepreneurship intention on vocational students in Mojokerto regency as described below: 1) empirically, emotional intelligence was proven to have no direct influence on entrepreneurship intention. However, it has a direct and strong influence on entrepreneurship behavioral attitude, 2) entrepreneurship self-efficacy has direct and strong influence on entrepreneurship behavioral attitude and entrepreneurship intention, and entrepreneurship self-efficacy also has indirect influence on the entrepreneurship intention through entrepreneurship behavioral attitude, 3) entrepreneurship behavioral attitude has direct and strong influence toward entrepreneurship intention.
Assessment of Production Interference Level Due to Fracture Hits Using Diagnostic Charts
Authors: Yang Xi , Yu Wei , Wu Kan , Weijermars Ruud
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study is to develop a new method that leads to diagnostic charts that quantify the pressure response between two interfering wells. Analytical linear flow models for single hydraulic fracture are used to develop a fracture hit model, which is next verified with a numerical model for validity. An analytical two-fracture model is then developed to simulate flowing bottomhole pressure (BHP) of a shut-in well, which interferes with the other well through a fracture hit, during well-testing for a short-term period. From the insight of two-fracture analytical model, a dimensionless pressure scalar, which is proportional to square root of time, is proposed to summarize the interference level between two wells. Utilizing such proportionality between the defined dimensionless pressure scalar and square root of time, a diagnostic chart for quick assessment of the production interference level between wells is developed. Such diagnostic chart is also applied to interference caused by multifracture hits that a multistage fractured horizontal well with history match performed from the Eagle Ford formation is considered as a parent well for production interference quantification. A new identical horizontal well, which is just fractured but is not in production, is assumed parallel to the pre-existing well. The result shows that when the percentage of fracture connection increases, the slope of dimensionless pressure scalar vs. square root of time increases proportionally to the percentage of fracture connection. Because the slope of dimensionless pressure scalar vs. square root of time is between 0 and 1, it can be used to quantify the well production interference level under different situations.
Multiple association analysis of loci and candidate genes that regulate body size at three growth stages in Simmental beef cattle
Authors: An Bingxing , Xu Lei , Xia Jiangwei , Wang Xiaoqiao , Miao Jian , Chang Tianpeng , Song Meihua , Ni JunQing , Xu Lingyang , Zhang Lupei , Li Junya , Gao Huijiang
Published: March 2020

Background: Body size traits as one of the main breeding selection criteria was widely used to monitor cattle growth and to evaluate the selection response. In this study, body size was defined as body height (BH), body length (BL), hip height (HH), heart size (HS), abdominal size (AS), and cannon bone size (CS). We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of these traits over the course of three growth stages (6, 12 and 18 months after birth) using three statistical models, single-trait GWAS, multi-trait GWAS and LONG-GWAS. The Illumina Bovine HD 770K BeadChip was used to identify genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1217 individuals.
Results: In total, 19, 29, and 10 significant SNPs were identified by the three models, respectively. Among these, 21 genes were promising candidate genes, including SOX2, SNRPD1, RASGEF1B, EFNA5, PTBP1, SNX9, SV2C, PKDCC, SYNDIG1, AKR1E2, and PRIM2 identified by single-trait analysis; SLC37A1, LAP3, PCDH7, MANEA, and LHCGR identified by multi-trait analysis; and P2RY1, MPZL1, LINGO2, CMIP, and WSCD1 identified by LONG-GWAS.
Conclusions: Multiple association analysis was performed for six growth traits at each growth stage. These findings offer valuable insights for the further investigation of potential genetic mechanism of growth traits in Simmental beef cattle.
Activating organ’s immunizing power against COVID–19–learning from SARS
Authors: Wang Yi , Xia Chuanxin
Published: March 2020

Background Coronaviruses cause respiratory diseases in many animals, including humans. Spike protein is an important component of coronavirus structure and the formation of ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2)–spike complex mediates virus entry to host cells. C–type lectin family are widely distribute on the surface of human cells and have been shown to activate the immune system. In this article, we first illustrate why we can “learn from SARS” with phylogenetic analysis. Then, we use SARS spike protein structure, to inferring our molecular docking experiment, revealing the potential capacity of C–type lectin to directly interact with spike protein obstructs the formation of spike–ACE2 complex. Considering the expression profile of C–type lectin family changing significantly during infection, we predict certain members of this kind of protein as potential therapeutic target and verify their assumed function by inferring an C–type lectin–dependent CD4/CD28 T cell survival molecular network with endogenous molecular network theory (EMT) and comparing the predicted expression trend corresponding to each molecular with experiment data. Methods Alignments are inferred by MAFFT V7 ( G–ins–i, Blosom). Maximum likelihood analyses and bootstrap test carried out by RAXML V8.2 ML+BP online platform. Protein structure is predicted by SWISSMODELLING online platform. Molecular docking experiment is carried out by Z–dock Version 3.0.2. C–type lectin–dependent CD4/CD28 T cell Network is inferred by EMT theory. Result Our molecular docking experiment revealing the potential capacity of C–type lectin to directly interact with spike protein obstructs the formation of spike–ACE2 complex. Based on the expression profile of C–type lectin family during infection, we predicting certain member of this kind of protein as potential therapeutic target such as Clec7a, Clec12a and Clec11a, corresponding immune cell types such as CD4/CD28 T cell simulated by EMT theory and verified by experiment data, antigen adjuvant with similar C–type lectin receptor–TDM and some immune–boosting drugs–radix sophorae, lactoferrin and Astragalus membranaceus, for future testing. Conclusions C–type lectin and their corresponding immune cells predicted in this work may be the potential therapeutic targets for the disease caused by COVID–19. C–lectin with the capacity of directly interact with spike protein inhibiting the formation of ACE2–spike complex may be the way they execute anti–virus function. The corresponding cell type such as CD4/CD28 T cell may participate and against virus while Clec7a, Clec12a and Clec11a presumed capacity for facilitating CD4/CD28 T cell survival during infection being verified by EMT combining with experiment data. Our prediction at least suggest the possibility of activating organ’s immunizing power to prevent from COVID–19 and the drugs we suggested are all need to be further tested. Trial registration Retrospectively registered. Keywords C–type lectin, spike protein, coronavirus, COVID–19, TDM.
LPL methylation of peripheral blood leukocytes - Prophet of atherothrombotic stroke
Authors: Xiao Minjia , Xiao Zhijie
Published: March 2020

Background: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a glycoprotein enzyme playing a pivotal role in energy and lipoprotein metabolism. It hydrolyzes triglyceride-rich lipoprotein and produces fatty acids as well as monoacylglycerol. Multiple risk factors including age, sex, hypertension, smoking and hyperlipidemia contribute to ischemic stroke (IS). Hyperlipidemia is an extremely pivotal risk factor for ischemic stroke especially atherothrombotic stroke (ATS) in that it can lead to intracranial or extracranial vessels’ atherosclerosis analogous to atherosclerosis of coronary artery. However, potential epigenetic mechanisms contributing to IS are not been explored thoroughly. The aim of this study was to illuminate relationship among individuals’ peripheral blood leukocytes methylation level of LPL-promoter-CpG dinucleotides, serum lipid and ATS of Chinese Han population in Hunan Province. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from acute atherothrombotic stroke patients and healthy people, and methylation level of cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) island in LPL promoter region was measured by qPCR and pyrosequencing. Biochemical and anthropometric variables have also been taken into consideration.Results: Integral LPL-promoter-CpG dinucleotides methylation level of case group is evidently higher than control group (38.8±8.4% percentile vs 25.7±6.6% percentile, P value=0.000). DNA methylation at the CpG9~16 locus and CpG20~21 locus was related to ATS after adjusting for gender, previous history of diabetes and hypertension, smoking, drinking, body mass index, and blood lipid levels(CpG9 49.3±24.9, 31.3±13.6, P value =0.02; CpG10 61.3±24.5, 34.0±18.4, P value =0.002; CpG11 71.3±17.3, 32.0±21.1, P value =0.000; CpG12 75.3±17.7, 44.7±19.6, P value =0.000; CpG13 72.0±20.4, 50.0±25.4, P value =0.014; CpG14 63.3±18.0, 45.3±22.0, P value =0.021; CpG15 56.7±13.5, 34.7±14.6, P value =0.000; CpG16 50.0±12.5, 31.3±20.0, P value =0.005; CpG20 52.0±13.2, 27.3±20.9, P value =0.001; CpG21 55.3±11.9, 34.0±22.3, P value =0.004). There is no statistically significant connection between either carotid atherosclerosis or gender and methylation level. Besides, we found a negative association between LPL methylation status and HDL-C levels, whereas LPL gene methylation was linked with LDL-C levels and age positively.Conclusion: We illustrate that epigenetic modification of LPL methylation may have an influence on lipids metabolism and occurrence of ATS, which may be a promising indicator for occurrence risk of ischemic stroke. Whether these findings are valid need further warrant and future prospective.
Factors affecting the implementation of the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for reproductive health during crisis: the case of Eritrean refugees in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Kahsay Alemayehu Bayray , Haftu Alemshet Teshale , Nigusse Afewerki Tesfahunegn
Published: March 2020

Background: The Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) is a series of crucial actions required to respond to reproductive health needs at the onset of every humanitarian crisis. Moreover, MISP is a coordinated priority activity to prevent and manage the consequences of sexual violence; prevent excess maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality; reduce HIV transmission; and plan for comprehensive RH services beginning in the early days and weeks of an emergency. During conflicts, natural disasters and public health emergencies, sexual and reproductive health needs are often overlooked. Women and girls may lose access to family planning services, exposing them to unintended pregnancy in dangerous conditions. Women and girls also become more vulnerable to sexual violence, exploitation and HIV infection. In this article we document the practices and factors associated with availability and implementation of services as measured by the MISP for reproductive health in the Eritrean refugee camp, Northwestern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: we conducted an institution based cross sectional study from October 07- 30, 2019 among female reproductive age groups (15-49yrs) who arrived and lived in the refugee camp from June 01 to October 07, 2019. A systematic random sampling method was applied to recruit 422 participants. We collected the data through face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Binary Logistic regression was applied to assess factors associated with MISP implementation. Results: About 38% of the refugees utilized Minimum Initial Service Package of reproductive health during their stay in the camp. Factors like age of 15–24 years [AOR = 0.38(95% CI,0.20-0.73)], being rural residents in home country [AOR =0 .53(95% CI,0.34-0.83], short time length of stay in the refugee camp [AOR = 0 .56(95% CI,0.33-0.95)] were negative predictors, while previous exposure to health information[ AOR = 2.24(95% CI1.44-3.48)] was a positive predictor of MISP services utilization among the refugees in the reproductive age. Conclusion: The MISP of reproductive health utilization in the refugee camp is relatively high . Previous information on reproductive health helped the refugees in utilizing the service, while a short stay in the refugee camp, being rural residents in their home country and being young age were barriers to utilization of MISP of RH. Strengthening and introducing sexual and reproductive health services for the youth during early crisis would prevent morbidity in refugees. Key words: MISP, RH, Eritrean Refugee camp, Ethiopia
Prognostic and predictive value of a mRNA signature in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: a mRNA expression analysis
Authors: Tu Jiannan , Kuang Zhixing , Xie Xiaoliang , Wu Shizhen , Wu Ting , Chen Shengchi
Published: March 2020

Background: Current international prognostic index is widely questioned on the risk stratification of peripheral T-cell lymphoma and do not accurately predict the outcome for patients. We postulated that multiple mRNAs could combined into a single model to improve risk stratification and to guide Clinicians implementing personalized therapeutic regimen for these patients. Methods: The gene expression profiles with clinical characteristics were selected and downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screening genes in selected module which most closely related to PTCLs. Then build a gene classifier using a Lasso Cox Regression model and validated the prognostic accuracy of this mRNA signature in an internal validation cohort. Finally, a prognostic nomogram was constructed and performance was assessed by calibration plot and the concordance index (C-index). Results: 799 WGCNA-selected mRNAs in black module were identified and a mRNA signature which based on DOCK2, GSTM1, H2AFY, KCNAB2, LAPTM5 and SYK for PTCLs was developed. Significantly statistical difference can be seen in overall survival of PTCLs between low risk group and high risk group(training set :hazard ratio [HR] 4.3, 95% CI 2.4–7.4, p<0·0001; internal testing set :hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.8, p<0·01).Multivariate regression demonstrated that the signature was an independently prognostic factor contrast to age and gender. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that this signature exhibited excellent diagnostic efficiency for overall survival. Moreover, the nomogram which combined the six-genes risk signature and multiple clinical factors suggesting that predicted survival probability agreed well with the actual survival probability. Conclusions: The signature is a reliable prognostic tool for patients with PTCLs and it has the potential for clinicians to implement personalized therapeutic regimen for patients with stage PTCLs.