bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slope Stability of Darbendikhan Dam Site and Near Surroundings. A Reconnaissance Study, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq
Authors: Sissakian Varoujan , Sdiq Sakar , Haris Govar
Published: January 2019

Darbendikhan Dam is constructed on the Sirwan   (Diyala) River during 1955- 1961. The dam is of earth fill type with concrete spill ways and gates for electric power generation. The dam axis is almost E – W with both left and right abutments being constructed within the Gercus Formation, which consists of red clastics with more claystones. The Gercus Formation is overlain by the Pila Spi Formation that consists of hard to very hard, well bedded carbonates. The Pila Spi Formation is overlain by the Fatha Formation that consists of thick reddish brown claystones alternated with thin gypsum and limestone beds. Both Gercus and Fatha formations form steep to very steep slopes on upstream and downstream, respectively. All the slopes on the dam site and near surroundings suffer from different types of mass movements with different sizes. Some of them are old and dormant; others are recent and active exhibiting geological hazards, which may cause large loss of human life and the existing properties and infrastructure. We studied the slopes using different types of satellite images with different resolutions and conducted field trips to the dam site to collect data. We recommended some precautions to make the slopes more stable.
Asymptotic Estimation of the Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions for the Sixth Order Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Jwamer Karwan , Qadr Khelan
Published: January 2019

This paper addresses an eigenvalue problem generated by sixth order differential equations with suitable boundary conditions, which contain a spectral parameter. The asymptotic expressions for sixth order linearly independent solutions as well as new asymptotic formulas for the eigenvalues with eigenfunctions of the boundary value problem are obtained.
Quick Response Codes in Foreign Language Instruction: Practical Ideas and Strategies
Authors: BAKLA Arif
Published: January 2019

Quick response (QR)
codes, composed of little black dots, are handy tools that are becoming more
and more popular in our daily lives. Being commonly found on product packages,
QR codes were first designed by a Japanese car manufacturing company. Ever
since their license was made public, they have found their way not only into
markets but also into educational settings. They can be basically used to
connect the analogue world to the digital one and help enrich traditional
hardcopy materials commonly used in language classes. Their uses can be as
limited as the creativity of teachers who are to use them in their classes.
This paper attempts to provide a brief review of practical techniques for
using QR codes in teaching and learning of the language skills (reading,
listening, speaking and writing) and content areas (grammar, vocabulary, and
pronunciation). The paper ends with some recommendations for effective
use. In brief, it aims to introduce innovative practices in the use of QR codes
and to provide teachers, learners and researchers some insight into their use
for educational purposes.
EFFECT OF NEURAL MOBILIZATION ON BALANCE, FLEXIBILITY, STRENGTH AND GAIT IN STROKE PATIENTS
Authors: Souza Rosimere de Lima , Moriz Karine Rocha , Teixiera Francisca Deyze Reis , Fernandes Adriano Araújo , Neto Sinval Souza da Costa , Oliveira Maria Dulce Dias De , Maciel Thiago dos Santos , Areas Fernando Zanela Da Silva
Published: January 2019

Background: Neural mobilization is characterized by the neurodynamics of the nervous system with the objectives of: reducing musculoskeletal tension and pain and increasing muscular endurance and strength. Stroke is a worldwide health problem due to the impacts on quality of life, and makes the physical capacity of individuals after stroke about 40% lower of normal individuals of the same age. Objective: To verify the efficacy of neural mobilization in patients with stroke. Methods: This is a blinded randomized clinical trial performed in 12 volunteers, aged between 20 and 80 years, with a diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. It was performed five mobilizations of 60 seconds in the bilateral sciatic nerve. The degree of balance and gait of the volunteers was verified, as well as the muscular strength and flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles pre-mobilization, immediately after and after 10 sessions performed three times a week. Results: Neural mobilization on neurological patients showed positive effects in relation to flexibility, lower limb muscle strength, gait and balance. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the technique of neural mobilization can present good results in neurological patients with stroke sequelae. However, it is suggested that more studies be done with a larger number of volunteers and with a homogeneous sample on the approach of this technique in patients with neurological sequelae.
Biopsychosocial factors and global perceived effect scale on the subject with chronic pain: an analytic cross-sectional study
Authors: Roque Graziella Cristina , Antonio Tiago Tsunoda del , Jassi Fabrício José , Chaves Thais Cristina
Published: January 2019

Background: Chronic pain is an emotional and sensorial experience that triggers functional incapacity guided especially by the biopsychosocial changes, that lead to its aggravation directly affecting the recovery of the patient. Objective: To verify the presence of biopsychosocial factors in the subject with chronic pain on the physiotherapeutic care undergone in a clinical physiotherapy school. Method: A cross-sectional study, conducted in the physiotherapy clinic of the Health Sciences Center of the Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, in which were evaluated 26 subjects with chronic pain through the Pain Numerical Rating Scale; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire; and Global Perceived Effect Scale. The statistical analysis had significance value of P≤0.05. Results: Even with reduction of pain intensity with P=0.04, the values do not indicate clinically relevant difference. The global perceived effect scale does not indicate a significant improvement of the subjects; however this is justified because the treatment does not address biopsychosocial aspects, being a technical approach. Conclusion: The treatment of chronic pain associated with a biopsychosocial approach would be the most indicated in clinical practice.
Self-rated health status and lifestyle factors: A cross-sectional study of human and natural science educators
Authors: Monteiro Pâmela Vieira , Neves Gabriela Silvério das , Cruz Geise Ferreira da , Cattafesta Monica , Rica Roberta Luksevicius , Ferraz Almir de França , Junior Aylton Figueira , Viana Michell Vetoraci , Shimojo Guilherme Lemos , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani
Published: January 2019

Background: Self-rated health status is a subjective indicator that is based on the body’s perception of health status, covering personal components such as, physical aspects, aspects of general well-being and satisfaction with life. Objective: To analyze the self-rated health status and factors associated with the lifestyle of higher education educators. Material and methods: This is an observational study, consisting of 85 faculty members in the area of Human and Natural Sciences of a university. For the analysis of the sample, chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used. Results: 24.7% (n = 21) self-rated their health as regular/poor. (P = 0.022), the Waist/Stature ratio (p = 0.014), the level of physical activity (p = 0.050), the time in administrative positions (p = 0.026) and stress-related symptoms (p = 0.043). Conclusion: The time in administrative position and the large number of symptoms related to stress, high PW, inadequate W/S ratio and low level of physical activity were associated with negative self-rated health, recommending strategies for promotional health and prevention of stress-related diseases.
Novel Options in Metastatic and Non-surgically Curable Bladder Cancer
Authors: Vong Elise ,   Department of Medical Oncology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore, Samol Jens ,   Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
Published: January 2019

For over two decades, the prognosis of patients with metastatic or locally advanced non-resectable bladder cancer has remained poor, with no significant advances in life-prolonging treatment, especially following progression on platinum-based chemotherapy or for cisplatin-ineligible patients. In recent years, immunotherapy has changed the standard of care for an increasing number of tumour types, including bladder cancer. Here, we will review the current evidence of the clinical usage of immune checkpoint inhibitors with a focus on programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, as well as their toxicities, potential biomarkers and predictors of response, and provide an outline of future directions in the treatment of patients with metastatic and/or non-surgically curable urothelial bladder cancer.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Restoran Terintegrasi Berbasis Java Web Socket Online
Authors: Dharmaadi I Putu Arya , Arya Sasmitha Gusti Made
Published: January 2019

Di era persaingan usaha restoran yang semakin ketat, pimpinan membutuhkan alat bantu agar bisa mendapatkan laporan kinerja penjualan secara cepat dan akurat. Alat bantu yang saat ini banyak digunakan oleh puluhan ribu restoran di Indonesia adalah sistem aplikasi point of sales (POS) yang berperan sebagai pencatatan transaksi bisnis. Umumnya, sistem tersebut terdiri dari aplikasi waiter sebagai pemesanan makanan atau minuman, aplikasi cash register sebagai pencatatan pembayaran atau kasir, dan aplikasi report sebagai pemantau kinerja. Sistem tersebut tidak menyediakan aplikasi untuk bagian dapur sehingga koki menggunakan cara manual untuk melihat pesanan secara cepat, mengupdate status pesanan, dan memperbaharui status ketersediaan makanan. Tidak terintegrasinya dapur ke dalam sistem membuat restoran tidak bisa bekerja secara efisien. Untuk itu, pada penelitian ini dikembangkan sebuah sistem informasi pengelolaan restoran yang terintegrasi antara kasir, waiter, dan dapur serta bisa dipantau secara real time oleh manager atau pemilik usaha. Sistem ini berbasis web dan memanfaatkan teknologi java web socket sehingga ketika aplikasi waiter mencatat pesanan, aplikasi dapur otomatis menerima notifikasi dengan cepat. Dengan demikian, kinerja restoran menjadi lebih cepat dan efisien.
The morphologic relationship of the lesser trochanter with the femoral neck and greater trochanter
Authors: Akkaya Mustafa , Gursoy Safa , Simsek Mehmet Emin , Isik Cetin , Acar Halil Ibrahim , Bozkurt Murat
Published: January 2019

Background: The anatomy of the proximal femur comprises important landmarks for many orthopedic surgical procedures. However, this area exhibits morphological differences depending on race, gender and age. Besides being the insertion area of the hip flexor muscles, the lesser trochanter is also used as an angular reference in many orthopedic surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphologic relationship of the lesser trochanter with the femoral neck and greater trochanter.Methods: Around 67 dry femur bones (32 left, 35 right) belonging to humans of unknown gender that belong to the Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Anatomy were used in this study. The morphologic relationship of the lesser trochanter (TRMI) with the femoral neck (FN) and greater trochanter (TRMJ) was studied and the results were provided in a table.Results: The measured mean lesser trochanter and greater trochanter tip distance was 67.5±4.9mm (60mm-75mm). The angle between the tip of the lesser trochanter and the center of the femoral neck was measured as 35.050±5.060 (290-420) degrees. The distance between the tip of the lesser trochanter and the center of the femoral neck was measured as 15±2.8mm (10mm-20mm).Conclusions: In addition to the angular relationship of the lesser trochanter with the femoral neck, its relationship in terms of distance with the greater trochanter and femoral neck are the anatomic relationships that are noteworthy for the lesser trochanter, which is used as a landmark during orthopedic surgical procedures.
Role of air way stenting (Duman- silica stent) in benign stricture trachea management
Authors: Grandhi Kiran , Gali Jayasri Helen , P. R. Kokiwar
Published: January 2019

Background: Tracheal strictures are known to recur after dilatation, so they need stenting to prevent recurrence. The objective was to study role of air way stenting (Duman- silica stent) in benign stricture trachea management.Methods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out among 15 cases (as these cases are very rare, author could study only 15 cases) presented with various clinical features suggestive of tracheal strictures. They were examined and managed by putting tracheal stent for up to eight months period. All cases were followed at regular intervals till 14months after the stent was placed. The outcome was studied.Results: The tracheal strictures have been found to be more in the age group of 25-30 years.  The male to female ratio was 4:1 i.e. for everyone female case there were four male cases. Thus, the tracheal strictures have been more common among the males compared to the females. All of the patients presented with severe stridor, breathing difficulty, and poor exercise tolerance. Most common cause of tracheal stricture was prolonged mechanical  ventilatory support >8 days due to organo phosphorus poisoning in past 3months and all of them were males.  All cases had good outcome at the end of 14months of follow up. All cases had normal findings. No one developed foreign body reaction, nor did no one develop granuloma formation at the stent site. After stent removal flexible bronchoscopy repeated after 3rd month and 6th month.Conclusions: Tracheal stenting is very useful procedure in the management of air way strictures.
Ludność Podhala wobec niepodległości Polski. Wybrane problemy
Authors: Sztuka Lidia
Published: January 2019

In 1918 Poland regained independence after 123 years of partitions. The article discusses the contribution of the Podhale population to the struggle for independence. Even before World War I, the Podhale people were establishing militia organizations, developed education and their own newspapers in order to raise highlanders’ awareness of the need for engaging in the efforts for independence. In 1918 they supported Polish patriots in Galicia and took part in the process of regaining independence by Poland.
Źródła do odbudowy państwa polskiego w archiwach polonijnych w USA
Authors: Krochmal Anna
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the role of Polish and Polish diaspora organizations in the USA, and the role of their archives, libraries, and museum deposits in the study of the first years of the independent Polish state. The most important ones, created in the USA in the 19th and the 20th century by Polish immigrants, are the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America (located in New York), the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America (located in New York), the Polish Army Veterans’ Association in America (located in New York), the Polish Museum of America (located in Chicago), the Polish Archive in the Polish Catholic Mission in Orchard Lake near Detroit, and the Polish Music Center in Los Angeles. The key role in the study of the restoration of the Polish state in 1918-1923 plays the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America, established on 4 July 1943 as a descendant of the Institute for Research into the Modern Polish History functioning in Warsaw between 1923 and 1939. The institute holds the so-called Belvedere Archives, saved in 1939 from Warsaw and taken from Europe to New York. It contains the documents of the Adjutancy Commander in Chief from the years 1918-1922, illustrating the struggle for the borders of the restored Polish state; documents of the Ukrainian Military Mission, showing Polish-Ukrainian cooperation in the face of the threat from Bolshevik Russia; documents from three Silesian uprisings, and archives of well-known supporters of Piłsudski, e.g. General Julian Stachiewicz and Marshal Rydz-Śmigły. Other additional sources from the years 1918-1923 are stored by Polish diaspora institutions, including priceless and understudied documents concerning the prominent composer, diplomat, and politician Ignacy Jan Paderewski, as well as unique materials concerning Polish volunteers from the USA fighting along with General Józef Haller’s so-called Blue Army.
MAPEAMENTO DA OFERTA DE CURSOS E VAGAS DOS PROGRAMAS DE RESIDÊNCIA EM ENFERMAGEM NA BAHIA
Authors: Silva Rosana Maria de Oliveira , Souza Rebeca Santos do Amaral de , Silva Lázaro Souza da , Cordeiro Ana Lúcia Arcanjo Oliveira , Santos Olga Maria Brito dos , Fernandes Josicélia Dumêt
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: mapear a oferta de cursos e vagas dos programas de residência multiprofissional e em área profissional da saúde em enfermagem na Bahia. Método: estudo documental, quantitativo, cujas fontes de dados foram 15 editais de processo seletivo para programas de residência em enfermagem que descreveram as variáveis ano, número de programa, áreas de concentração, vagas, instituições de ensino superior vinculada e modalidade dos programas. A coleta deu-se de 15 a 19 de janeiro de 2018. Resultados: foram identificadas 566 vagas distribuídas entre 19 áreas de concentração e ofertadas por oito instituições de ensino. No ano de 2014 houve a maior oferta de vagas 107 (18,9%), em 2015 houve queda considerável de 57,9% no número dessas vagas. Conclusão: os programas de residência multiprofissional expandiram-se em decorrência de reformulações das políticas de saúde e dos incentivos à formação de recursos humanos especializados, no entanto vem ocorrendo redução na oferta de vagas.
Descritores: Especialização. Internato não Médico. Educação. Ensino. Enfermagem

 
PERFIL E MOTIVOS DE NEGATIVAS DE FAMILIARES PARA DOAÇÃO DE ÓRGÃOS E TECIDOS PARA TRANSPLANTE
Authors: Souza Aranda Renata , Vestena Zillmer Juliana Graciela , Dias Gonçalves Kamila , Rutz Porto Adrize , Rosado Soares Eduarda , Kohler Geppert Aline
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: descrever o perfil de familiares e de potenciais doadores e os motivos de negativas para doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, com coleta de dados por meio do formulário de entrevista familiar, realizado de 2008 a 2014, no Sul do Brasil. Resultados: o potencial doador predominantemente era do sexo masculino, entre 41 e 60 anos, casado, doador de córneas, e o familiar, de primeiro grau. Houve negativa familiar para doação de órgãos em 74,9% do total de 630 prontuários. Entre as 472 negativas: 20,8% por desconhecimento da vontade do potencial doador, 17,6% pela convicção prévia de não ser um doador e 13,8% por desacordo familiar. Conclusão: a descrição do perfil de familiares e de potenciais doadores e a identificação dos principais motivos da não doação podem contribuir para o planejamento e desenvolvimento de intervenções que estimulem a doação de tecidos e órgãos.
Descritores: Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos. Doador Cadáver. Família. Estudos Epidemiológicos. Enfermagem.
AVALIAÇÃO DO TEMPO DE JEJUM E SEDE NO PACIENTE CIRÚRGICO
Authors: Pierotti Isadora , Nakaya Thammy Thammy , Garcia Aline Korki Arrabal , Nascimento Leonel Alves do , Conchon Marilia Ferrari , Fonseca Ligia Fahl
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: avaliar o tempo de jejum pré-operatório, presença e intensidade da sede no pós-operatório imediato. Método: pesquisa documental, quantitativa, descritiva, realizada em 2018, em hospital escola, com amostra de 749 pacientes. Resultados: o tempo médio de jejum absoluto foi de 15:00 (DP 6:30). Pacientes cirúrgicos da urologia apresentaram maior tempo de jejum (16:56; DP 9:09). Em relação à faixa etária, o tempo de jejum variou de 13:29 (DP 7:34) para crianças, a 15:06 (DP 6:32) em adultos e 15:41 (DP 4:37) em idosos. A sede foi um desconforto presente em 84,5% dos pacientes, com intensidade média de 6,54 (DP 2,39) no pós-operatório. Houve associação significativa entre tempo de jejum e presença de sede. A maioria dos pacientes (85,4%) não se queixou de sede espontaneamente. Conclusão: o tempo de jejum pré-operatório foi maior do que o preconizado, independente da clínica cirúrgica ou faixa etária. Os idosos apresentaram maior tempo médio de jejum.
Descritores: Jejum. Sede. Enfermagem Perioperatória.
MOTIVOS PARA ESCOLHA DA PROFISSÃO DE ENFERMEIRO ENFERMEIRO E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM A IDENTIDADE PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Santos Rayanne Branco dos , Coelho Brito Maria Da Conceição , De Araújo Dias Maria Socorro , Fernandes Marília Campos , De Sousa Caroline Ribeiro , Da Silva Victor Matheus
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: identificar os motivos dos discentes de enfermagem para escolher o curso de enfermagem Método: estudo exploratório descritivo de caráter quanti-qualitativo, ocorrido entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. Participaram do estudo 100 discentes do curso de enfermagem. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se um instrumento semiestruturado. A análise de dados foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva simples e análise temática.  Resultados: os discentes (55%) prestaram vestibular para outro curso, além de enfermagem; desses, 52,7% tentaram para o curso de Medicina. Conclusão: os motivos dos discentes de enfermagem para escolher o curso de enfermagem foram aptidão pessoal e acesso ao mercado de trabalho.
Descritores: Educação em Saúde. Escolha da Profissão. Desenvolvimento de Pessoal. Enfermagem.
The Comparison of the Global Surgery Fees and the Actual Cost in Two Educational Hospitals Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Rashidian Arash , Radinmanesh Maryam , Afshari Mahnaz , Arab Mohammad , Shahinfar Zahra
Published: January 2019

Background: Global surgeries include ninety operations in the common surgical procedures, with the annual fixed fees; which the insurance companies pay hospitals accordingly. The aim of this study was to compare the global fees to these surgeries’ real costs and to investigate the affecting factors in two teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This longitudinal retrospective descriptive-analytic study was conducted on all hospital records with global surgeries in three months in 2012 to 2013in two educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Data were collected using the researcher’s –made checklist and extracted from the HIS (Hospital Information System). SPSS, EXCEL, and STATA software were used to analyze the data and to obtain the difference between the recorded costs and global fees.
Results: The global fees were less than the recorded costs in both hospitals. The recorded costs in hospital B were much less than hospital A for the same surgeries. In hospital B, costs have been reduced for some surgeries in 2013comparedto 2012 by reducing the patients’ length of stay and time management.
Conclusion: Fees in the referral hospitals of Tehran University, which usually involve complicated patients, should be determined more accurately. However, this study suggested that hospitals can greatly reduce the cost of global surgeries throughclinical and cost management.
 
Keywords: Global surgery, Hospital, Fee
Performance Evaluation of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS) hospitals based on Pabon Lasso Model
Authors: Baniasadi Tayebeh , Khorrami Farid , Jebraeily Mohamad , Khamzade Fahime , Kisomi Fateme Ghovvati
Published: January 2019

Background: Hospitals need a system for evaluating and monitoring performance for promotion the efficiency and effectiveness of their services and outcomes. Pabon Lasso model is a graphical chart that can be used to identify the current status and performance level of hospitals by combining hospital indicators, simultaneously.  Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS) hospitals during a six-year period using this model.
Methods: This descriptive study includes all teaching and non-teaching hospitals affiliated with the HUMS. After gathering the required information related to three indices: Bed Occupancy Rate, Bed Turnover Rate and Average Length of Stay for the years 2009 to 2014 from the statistical systems and yearbooks, the situation of hospitals in terms of indices by drawing Pabon Lasso graphical charts using SPSS version 16, were analyzed.
Results: The results showed that during a six-year period, on average, 26 percent of hospitals were placed in zone I, that is the inefficient area, 28 percent in zone II, 30 percent in zone III which is an efficient area of the model and 16% in zone IV of the Pabon Lasso model.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that the utilization of hospitals beds is relatively desirable.  Periodic monitoring of province centers and determining their status in the model, and also, performance assessment from another dimension is suggested in order to achieve more comprehensive and more accurate results.
 
Keywords Hospital Performance, Productivity Evaluation, Indicators Monitoring,  Pabon Lasso Model
The study of the Relationship between Social Capital and Entrepreneurship Behavior of Faculty Members of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2017
Authors: Rafiei Sima , Mohebibar Rafat , Nejad Bahman Ahadi , Nisari Nadia
Published: January 2019

Background: Social capital has an important role in empowering entrepreneurship activities and performance improvement inhuman resources. This study aimed to examine the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship behavior of academic members of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional method conducted among all faculty members working in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2018. In order to collect study data, two standard questionnaires including social capital scale (Nahapiet & Goshal 1998) and entrepreneurial behavior (Leon Daes Zamptakis and Vasiliss Mustakis 2007) were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods in SPSS version 20.
Results: The results of the study showed that social capital and entrepreneurial behavior had a desirable condition. Furthermore, these two variables were statistically correlated (P-value < 0.05).
Conclusion: Promoting the level of social capital in academic environments has significant benefits and a positive impact on entrepreneurial behaviors of academic members of the university. Therefore, managers should strengthen this key element in their organizations to upgrade their professional job performance.
 
Key words: Social Capital, Entrepreneurial Behavior, Faculty Member of the University.
ANÁLISE DO ENSINO E APRENDIZADO DO TEMA IMUNOLOGIA EM ESCOLAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE ITAPERUNA – RJ
Authors: BOTELHO Jonathas Corrêa , ANDRADE Nathália Bastos Lima de
Published: January 2019

Esta pesquisa analisou o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Imunologia em escolas públicas e privadas do município de Itaperuna (RJ), verificar divergências na abordagem do tema e analisar as metodologias e materiais didáticos utilizados pelos professores. A pesquisa envolveu estudantes do 3º ano do Ensino Médio e seus professores de Biologia. Foi aplicado um questionário com dez questões sobre Imunologia para os estudantes e realizada entrevistas com os professores de cada turma, para verificar como este tema é abordado em sala de aula e os materiais didáticos utilizados. Os estudantes obtiveram menos da metade dos acertos, demonstrando que ainda apresentam um raso conhecimento sobre Imunologia, decorrente da pouca atenção dada a este tema pelos professores das escolas avaliadas. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de discussões sobre o ensino deste tema e no fornecimento de alternativas para estimular práticas de ensino-aprendizagem de Imunologia, bem como popularizar este tópico tão comum no cotidiano.
ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE PASTÉIS FRITOS COMERCIALIZADOS POR LANCHONETES E AMBULANTES NO CENTRO DE ITABUNA, BAHIA
Authors: SANTOS Ingrid Silva , LIMA Marcio Amorim Tolentino , CARVALHO Lucas Ribeiro
Published: January 2019

Considerando-se que o acesso à alimentação segura constitui condição básica para a saúde humana, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade microbiológica dos pastéis fritos com recheios de carne e frango, comercializados em lanchonetes e por ambulantes no centro de Itabuna-BA no período de março a abril de 2015. Foram realizadas contagens totais de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos, enterobactérias, coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, Escherichia coli e estafilococos coagulase positiva (Staphylococcus aureus) de acordo com os métodos presentes na American Public Health Association (APHA), 4ª Edição do Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods. Foi observado maior crescimento de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos nas amostras comercializadas por ambulantes móveis devido ao armazenamento à temperatura ambiente que favoreceu melhores condições à proliferação microbiana. Verificou-se que todas as amostras apresentaram condições sanitárias satisfatórias e estavam de acordo com o padrão legal vigente para coliformes a 45ºC, constituindo o processo de fritura fator responsável por reduzir a contaminação proveniente da confecção dos pastéis.  No entanto, 1 (5%) amostra de pastel de frango apresentou estafilococos coagulase positiva acima do permitido pela ANVISA, na RDC nº 12 de janeiro de 2001, indicando que produto estava em condições sanitárias insatisfatórias e impróprio o para o consumo humano. Portanto, entre os problemas verificados na qualidade microbiológica dos pastéis fritos, a contaminação pós-fritura, devido às práticas higiênicas inadequadas dos manipuladores, foi identificada como o principal fator contribuinte à insalubridade do alimento.
RESPOSTA DE PACIENTES HIPERTENSOS SOB TRATAMENTO MEDICAMENTOSO DE ACORDO COM OS NÍVEIS PRESSÓRICOS
Authors: OLIVEIRA Ludmilla Maria De Oliveira e , ARAÚJO Guilherme Barbosa de Souza , FERREIRA Jorge Otávio Gonçalves , FERRAS Vinícius Gonçalves , CARVALHO Carlos Rubens Ponchini , SILVA Denise Aparecida Da
Published: January 2019

Introdução: Análises pregressas evidenciam o baixo percentual de controle da pressão arterial (PA) em indivíduos hipertensos sob tratamento medicamentoso. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a PA de pacientes sob tratamento farmacológico. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada nas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de Itaperuna - RJ., durante os meses de fevereiro a julho de 2017.  Resultados: Foram avaliados 215 pacientes (60% do sexo feminino e 40% do sexo masculino) com idade média de 59,79 ± 12,64 anos sendo 61,86% brancos, 24,19% negros e 13,95% pardos. A maioria possuía ensino fundamental incompleto (39,07%) e se encontrava na classe D (37,21%) conforme a classificação socioeconômica. A maioria dos pacientes (62,33%) encontrava-se sob tratamento com mais de um medicamento anti-hipertensivo. As principais classes de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos verificadas no tratamento dos pacientes incluíram os betabloqueadores (46,51%) seguidos dos BRA (40,93%) e diuréticos (39,53%). Os níveis pressóricos dos pacientes variaram de 110 a 220 mmHg para a PAS e de 60 a 140 mmHg para a PAD, sendo que 33,02% dos pacientes apresentaram níveis pressóricos superiores ao limite de normalidade. Conclusões: Os medicamentos mais usados no tratamento e controle da HAS não são os mais eficazes atualmente e um número expressivo de pacientes sob tratamento não apresenta níveis pressóricos normalizados, em especial aqueles sob tratamento com dois medicamentos anti-hipertensivos. A pesquisa deixa clara a necessidade de melhor acompanhamento dos pacientes pelos profissionais de saúde quanto à resposta à terapia medicamentosa a fim de que se possa realmente prevenir danos maiores em órgãos-alvo. 
ESTUDO DA VARIABILIDADE DE BILIRRUBINA TOTAL E DIRETA EXPOSTAS À LUZ AMBIENTE
Authors: FREITAS Amanda Vargas de , FREITAS Melina Vargas de , OLIVEIRA Cristiano Guilherme Alves de , OLIVEIRA Wilkes De , KASHIMA Yuri Morais de Paula , BARRETO Juliano Gomes
Published: January 2019

A bilirrubina é um pigmento amarelo que é produzido pelo corpo quando as hemácias são degradadas. As amostras da referida substância devem ser protegidas da ação direta da luz artificial ou solar pois em presença dessas podem ser foto-oxidadas. O presente projeto de pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade das amostras de bilirrubina total e direta expostas à luz, o grau de porcentagem de diferença entre os resultados. Para melhor entender o seguinte trabalho foram obtidas amostras de forma aleatória, sendo estas coletadas em duplicata onde uma foi exposta diretamente à luz ambiente por período de 8h e a outra protegida de exposição, sendo então os referidos tubos envolvidos em papel alumínio e abrigados em gaveta de madeira sob a bancada/armário do laboratório. Por meio dos resultados da referida pesquisa pôde-se observar uma diferença quanto à leitura das amostras, considerando o tempo e o modo de conservação destas.
RECUSA A ABORDAGEM CIRÚRGICA FRENTE À CONDIÇÃO POTENCIALMENTE INCAPACITANTE: UMA ABORDAGEM ÉTICA HUMANÍSTICA RESPEITANDO A VONTADE DO PACIENTE
Authors: RIOS Davi Muzi , VIEIRA Vitória Conrado , BRINATI Taynnã Assis de Oliveira , MACHRY Gabriel Pereira , FREITAS Júnior Wilian De , PEREIRA Camila Kelly , SILVA João Romário Gomes da
Published: January 2019

Considerada uma patologia rara, a degeneração caseosa do anel mitral (DCAM), compartilha dos mesmos fatores de risco da doença cardiovascular. Os pacientes acometidos são comumente assintomáticos, mas em alguns casos pode haver dispneia, palpitação, síncope. Através de exames de imagem, principalmente ecocardiograma transtorácico, ocorre a suspeita diagnóstica, que pode ser complementada pelo ecocardiograma transesofágico. Por ser considerada uma doença de evolução benigna, a abordagem cirúrgica fica restrita aos casos sintomáticos. Será relatado um caso de fenômenos embólicos, uma complicação incomum da DCAM, no qual a paciente se recusou a realizar a cirurgia. Foram preservados os valores morais da paciente, sendo comprido o Código de Ética Médica.
Environmental Policy in Brazil after the 2016 Coup: An Analysis of Government Expenditure
Authors: Silva do Carmo Previdelli Maria de Fatima , Simões de Souza Luiz Eduardo ,   Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Sao Luis, MA, Brazil,   Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Sao Luis, MA, Brazil
Published: January 2019

An emerging power since the last decade and a participant in BRICS—a bloc composed of Russia, China, India, and South Africa—Brazil would be the weakest link of an opposition to U.S. hegemony in the world order established since 1991 with the end of the Cold War. The 13-year advances of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva’s reformist and progressive government, continued by his successor Dilma Rousseff, appear to have reached a tolerance limit regarding the retrograde domestic forces and outside interests of the metropolitan center. The coup happened in 2016, following a two-year process of political and economic destabilization of the government. This paper seeks to show, through the exposition of an earlier history and the analyzed narrative of the events, besides the analysis of the federal public expenditures, that this movement of linkage and regression occurred in the ambit of issues related to the environment. The coup government launched in 2016 has abandoned any environmental policy, is interested in dissolving the institutional framework established after 20 years of insertion of Brazil in the global debate on the environment, and does not even supervise and protect the country’s natural resources, in an attitude characteristic of a state of exception.
Will Africa Be Able to Keep Its Promises to Reduce Greenhouse Gases? A Review of African Countries’ Commitments at COP 21
Authors: Ballo Zie , Essé Ochou Fabrice ,   Department of Economics and Management, Université Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast,   Department of Economics, Université Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast,   Centre International de Recherche sur l’Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Paris, France
Published: January 2019

This study describes the different types of commitments made by Africans in their National Determined Contributions (NDCs) and tries to explain whether or not it will be possible for them to fulfill their commitments. For this purpose, we operate all African NDCs formally presented at COP 21 in Paris in 2015 in which the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction commitments are presented. The analysis reveals three types of commitments—namely, conditional commitments, not conditional on international aid, and both at the same time. Countries with conditional commitments subject to external financing are likely to fulfill their commitments that are stronger. Only countries with unconditioned commitments are more realistic not relying on external assistance that is becoming more and more hypothetical. Beyond the types of commitments, other types of obstacles such as the blurred legal form of the Paris Agreement and the preference for Adaptation could make it difficult to fulfill the commitments of African countries.
Has Climate Change Even Impacted the Valuation of Companies? An Evidence from Gujarat Fluorochemicals Ltd. in India
Authors: Kalsie Anjala , Nagpal Aishwarya ,   Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India,   Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
Published: January 2019

Climate change is undeniably the major challenge of our times and poses a global threat to civilization. The present study attempts to analyze the shift in the environmental changes in the Indian chemical industry and to evaluate such an impact on the financial valuation and performance of the companies by investigating the case of one of the major players in the fluorochemical industry in India, Gujarat Fluorochemicals Ltd. (GFL). Employing Discounted Cash Flow Analysis, the study discovers that climate change in the form of increased carbon credits has positively impacted the financial valuation of GFL. The findings suggest that an increase of approximately 44% in the valuation of the GFL is owing to the revenue from the sale of the carbon credits as per the Kyoto Protocol.
THE JAVANESE QUEST OF ISLAMIC SPIRITUALITY IN SULUK WUJIL: A SEMIOTIC READING
Authors: Fanani Ahwan
Published: January 2019

Javanese Islamic Literature was connected to Islamic mysticism and written in poem to express delicate and sophisticated doctrines. Poem is deemed to be able to go beyond literal meaning for it expresses notion through figurative languages. Suluk Wujil is a good example of such early Javanese Islamic literary work that features spiritual quest and teaching. Suluk Wujil tells about Wujil, a convert who wanted to reach the essence of the ultimate Truth. Wujil is symbolic figure carrying an important sufistic teaching as well as the revealing socio-religious discourse in the early development of Islam in Java. This article is aimed to reveal the content of Suluk Wujil using three steps of semiotic reading, i,e, narrative schema, primary sign discovery and syntagmatic as well as paradigmatic analysis. The paper shows, firstly, that narrative scheme of Suluk Wujils is proceeded by a complaint of Wujil who failed to get into The Ultimate Truth after ten years of spiritual learning in Bonang. Ratu Wahdat or Sunan Bonang taught him the way to get spiritual enlightenment along with endorsing spiritual enlightenment of Seh Malaya (Sunan Kalijaga). Secondly, the primary sign of the Wujil Suluk is the phrase "Arriving in Mecca", in the last part of the text. The phrase affirms the spiritual characteristic of Suluk Wujil, with concern to a spiritual journey to very truth of Islamic spirituality. Thirdly, the paradigmatic analysis shows that there are various signs parallel and oppositional in the same time. The combination of signs forms a synthesis which leads to a deeper understanding of the significance of the signs. The syntagmatic analysis leads to an understanding of oppositional, but complementary signs.
A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE AND WORKS OF BEDIUZZAMAN SAID NURSI
Authors: Mohammad Qaisar
Published: January 2019

Said Nursi was a profound Muslim thinker and revivalist, whose teachings (Risale-i Nur) and ideology are still being followed today in modern Turkey. His life is full of enthusiasm and energy. During his lifetime, he encountered problems similar to those faced by other Muslim scholars and thinkers in other parts of the Islamic world in the 20th century. He lived a life of struggle and harassment but never acted aggressively and never allowed his students to respond with aggression. The strong opposition of the government to religion as opposed to Nursi’s firm stand against any irreligiousness certainly made him a symbol of religious movement in Turkey. He sacrificed his whole life for the cause of Islam and fought against the corruption of society caused by enemies like atheism, materialism, colonialism, etc. through his writings collectively known as Risale-i Nur, whose teachings form the basis of one of the largest and rather influential religious orders. This paper anticipates discussing the significance of Nursi’s thoughts, teachings and his life and also explaining the importance of Nursi in the formation of ideology that helped the society of Turkey to get rid of anti-religious systems. The aim of this research paper is to explain his literary contributions that proved to be one of the most ubiquitous read materials in Turkey. Also, the paper will describe and highlight some clarity related to the writings of Nursi i.e. who wrote actually the treatises of Nursi, its propagation and popularization, who published and translated it in later times.
THE ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES OF ISLAM KALANG COMMUNITY TOWARD SOCIAL CHANGES: A Case Study in Gemuh Kendal Central Java
Authors: Sulaiman Sulaiman
Published: January 2019

Islam Kalang is Muslim community that still preserves indigenous traditional Javanese values. This study aimed at figuring out adaptive strategies of the community in social changes. It used a qualitative method and employed observation, in-depth interview, and documentation as techniques for data collection.The findings were that Islam Kalang has something in common Javanese society in a way that they are inclusive and open towards their surroundings. This community can be grouped into two types; the active group represented by santri, and the other one is not active as performed by abangan. The two groups perform Kalang traditions, though they are active in doing religious prescriptions, five-time prayers, alms, fast, and pilgrimage. It is due to the fact that they have strong beliefs in doing their traditional rituals. For the community, their primary duty is to do rites inherited by their predecessors, i.e., when they perform obong mitungdino, and obong sependhak. They have undergone changes and shifts because of da’wah Islamiyah and marriage with other groups. It means, therefore, the community has adaptive strategies in order to survive in the midst of society. The strategies include strong trust, endogamic marriage, and accommodating attitude.By these strategies, the community can embed and practice Kalang traditional values.
TRANSLATING SALAFI-WAHHĀBĪ BOOKS IN INDONESIA AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE CRITICISM OF TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC RITUALS
Authors: Munip Abdul
Published: January 2019

Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world and a unique nation that has diversity of tribes, cultures and religions. This uniqueness invites many scholars to observe the religious rituals performed by Muslims in the country. However, scholars do not sufficiently examine the current heated debates about the permissibility of the sacred rituals of Indonesian Muslims. This paper discusses undertakings in translating Arabic books by Indonesian Salafi-Wahhābī scholars and its impact on the increasing criticism against the various rituals practiced by traditional Muslims represented by Indonesian who mainly affiliated to the largest socio-religious organization in Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU; the Awakening of Religious Scholars). Using the content analysis, this paper concludes that according to Salafi scholars, the rituals practiced by traditionalist Muslims such as slametan, tahlilan, manakiban and pilgrimage to local Islamic graves are regarded as heretic in the Islamic perspective. On the contrary, according tothe traditionalist Muslims, these rituals, indeed, have a strong foundation in Islam. Facing the Salafi attacks, traditionalist Muslims make various efforts to defend their position and to protect their members from the Salafi influence and criticism. The sharp disagreements between Salafis and traditionalist Muslims are due to a different method in understanding Islam. The former tend to be more puritanical and textual, while the latter tend to be more contextual and adaptive to local wisdom. However, the differences of opinion rarely cause physical conflicts at the grassroots level as Indonesians Muslims have a long experience in maintaining harmony within society.
Mitral valve bacterial endocarditis in a dog
Authors: Nashiruddullah Nawab , Ahmed Jafrin Ara
Published: January 2019

A four year old male Spitz dog was presented with approximately a month old history of progressive depression, inappetance and lethargy. Clinically investigation showed leukocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis. Rectal temperature was 103°F,
both rate and effort of respiration were increased. Heart rate was 110 b. p. m. with a bounding pulse and an audible cardiac murmur over the left heart base. The animal collapsed the next day and a necropsy examination was carried out. Large
vegetations approximately 1 centimeter across extending from the mitral valve into the left atrial mural endocardium was observed together with a large embolic fragment about 0.5 centimeter in length in the left ventricular chamber. The lungs
appeared congested and infarcts were observed on the spleen and kidneys. Urinalysis at post-mortem showed mild proteinuria. Histologically, the vegetation was composed of an irregular, amorphous thrombo-necrotic mass embedded with colonies of gram
positive beaded filamentous bacteria. Micrometry of bacterial filaments ranged from 21.3 - 85.2 micrometer in length. Although, bacterial isolation was not carried out, the morphological and staining characteristics were indistinguishable from
Erysipelothrix sp. Cause of death was attributed to severe left cardiac failure.
Application of genomic selection in agriculture
Authors: Budhlakoti Neeraj , Mishra D. C. , Arora Devendra , Kumar Rajeev Ranjan
Published: January 2019

Traditional breeding technique for genetic improvement of crops are based on, information on phenotypes and pedigrees to predict breeding values, has been found very successful. But, genetic gain through this technique is found to be very
slow, time consuming. However, Due to availability of latest DNA sequencing technologies, now it is possible to estimate breeding values more accurately by using information on variation in DNA sequence. Lots of research has been done in direction of
marker assisted selection, still it has some limitation on its implementation. Genomic selection (GS) is proposed to overcome such limitation. GS is a form of marker-assisted selection in which genetic markers covering the whole genome are used. GS
predicts breeding value using information available on phenotype and high density marker. Several techniques has been developed for selection and prediction of genotype, these techniques are based on analysis of genotypic and phenotypic data.