bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of rainfall in Zafra (southwest Spain) from 1750 to 1840 from documentary sources
Authors: Fernández-Fernández M. I. , Gallego M. C. , Domínguez-Castro F. , Vaquero J. M. , Moreno González J. M. , Castillo Durán J.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. This work presents the first high-resolution reconstruction of rainfall in southwestern Spain during the period 1750–1840. The weather descriptions used are weekly reports describing the most relevant events that occurred in the Duchy of Feria. An index was defined to characterise the weekly rainfall. Monthly indices were obtained by summing the corresponding weekly indices, obtaining cumulative monthly rainfall indices. The reconstruction method consisted of establishing a linear correlation between the monthly rainfall index and monthly instrumental data (1960–1990). The correlation coefficients were greater than 0.80 for all months. The rainfall reconstruction showed major variability similar to natural variability. The reconstructed rainfall series in Zafra was compared with the rainfall series of Cadiz, Gibraltar and Lisbon for the period 1750–1840, with all four series found to have a similar pattern. The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the winter rainfall reconstruction was found to behave similarly to that of modern times. Other studies described are of the SLP values over the entire North Atlantic in the months with extreme values of rainfall, and unusual meteorological events (hail, frost, storms and snowfall) in the reports of the Duchy of Feria.
Tree-ring proxy based temperature reconstructions and climate model simulations: cross-comparison at the Pyrenees
Authors: Dorado Liñán I. , Büntgen U. , González-Rouco F. , Zorita E. , Montávez J. P. , Gómez-Navarro J. J. , Brunet M. , Heinrich I. , Helle G. , Gutiérrez E.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. May-to-September mean temperatures over the larger Pyrenees area (Northern Spain and Southern France) are reconstructed for the last Millennium from 22 maximum density (MXD) tree-ring chronologies. For the standardization of the tree-ring series, two detrending methods (Regional Curve Standardization (RCS) and 300-yr spline) were combined with and without an adaptive power transform (PT) for variance stabilization in the individual series. Thus, four different standardization procedures were applied to the data. Additionally, different regional chronologies were generated by computing a mean composite, averaging the local chronologies, or by applying Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to extract common variance from the subsets of individual MXD chronologies. Calibration-verification trials were performed using the product of the three regional aggregation methods in split periods: 1900–1952 and 1953–2006. Two methods were used to calibrate the regional chronology: regression and a simple variance-matching, sometimes also known as composite-plus-scaling. The resulting set of temperature reconstructions was compared with climate simulations performed with global (ECHO-G over the last Millennium for the target region) and regional (MM5) climate models. The reconstructions reveal inter-annual to multi-centennial temperature variations at the Pyrenees region for the last 750 yr. Generally, variations at inter-decadal timescales, including the cold periods associated with the solar minima, are common to all reconstruction variants although some discrepancies are found at longer timescales. The simulations of the global circulation model ECHO-G and the regional model MM5 agree with the tree-ring based reconstructions at decadal to multi-decadal time-scales. However, the comparison also highlights differences that need to be understood, such as the amplitude of the temperature variations and the discrepancies regarding the 20th century trends.
Comparison of hydrological model structures based on recession and low flow simulations
Authors: Staudinger M. , Stahl K. , Seibert J. , Clark M. P. , Tallaksen L. M.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. Low flows are often poorly reproduced by commonly used hydrological models, which are traditionally designed to meet peak flow situations. Hence, there is a need to improve hydrological models for low flow prediction. This study assessed the impact of model structure on low flow simulations and recession behaviour using the Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE). FUSE identifies the set of subjective decisions made when building a hydrological model and provides multiple options for each modeling decision. Altogether 79 models were created and applied to simulate stream flows in the snow dominated headwater catchment Narsjø in Norway (119 km2). All models were calibrated using an automatic optimisation method. The results showed that simulations of summer low flows were poorer than simulations of winter low flows, reflecting the importance of different hydrological processes. The model structure influencing winter low flow simulations is the lower layer architecture, whereas various model structures were identified to influence model performance during summer.
Sensitivity of a data-driven soil water balance model to estimate summer evapotranspiration along a forest chronosequence
Authors: Breña Naranjo J. A. , Weiler M. , Stahl K.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. The hydrology of ecosystem succession gives rise to new challenges for the analysis and modelling of water balance components. Recent large-scale alterations of forest cover across the globe suggest that a significant portion of new biophysical environments will influence the long-term dynamics and limits of water fluxes compared to pre-succession conditions. This study assesses the estimation of summer evapotranspiration along three FLUXNET sites at Campbell River, British Columbia, Canada using a data-driven soil water balance model validated by Eddy Covariance measurements. It explores the sensitivity of the model to different forest succession states, a wide range of computational time steps, rooting depths, and canopy interception capacity values. Uncertainty in the measured EC fluxes resulting in an energy imbalance was consistent with previous studies and does not affect the validation of the model. The agreement between observations and model estimates proves that the usefulness of the method to predict summer AET over mid- and long-term periods is independent of stand age. However, an optimal combination of the parameters rooting depth, time step and interception capacity threshold is needed to avoid an underestimation of AET as seen in past studies. The study suggests that summer AET could be estimated and monitored in many more places than those equipped with Eddy Covariance or sap-flow measurements to advance the understanding of water balance changes in different successional ecosystems.
Use of ENVISAT ASAR Global Monitoring Mode to complement optical data in the mapping of rapid broad-scale flooding in Pakistan
Authors: O'Grady D. , Leblanc M. , Gillieson D.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. Envisat ASAR Global Monitoring Mode (GM) data are used to produce maps of the extent of the flooding in Pakistan which are made available to the rapid response effort within 24 h of acquisition. The high temporal frequency and independence of the data from cloud-free skies makes GM data a viable tool for mapping flood waters during those periods where optical satellite data are unavailable, which may be crucial to rapid response disaster planning, where thousands of lives are affected. Image differencing techniques are used, with pre-flood baseline image backscatter values being deducted from target values to eliminate regions with a permanent flood-like radar response due to volume scattering and attenuation, and to highlight the low response caused by specular reflection by open flood water. The effect of local incidence angle on the received signal is mitigated by ensuring that the deducted image is acquired from the same orbit track as the target image. Poor separability of the water class with land in areas beyond the river channels is tackled using a region-growing algorithm which seeks threshold-conformance from seed pixels at the center of the river channels. The resultant mapped extents are tested against MODIS SWIR data where available, with encouraging results.
Brain Change for Optimal Leadership
Authors: Kershaw Carol , Wade Bill
Published: November 2011

When top executives enter therapy, they are typically looking for remediation of a problem, but almost inevitably they are also seeking ways to enhance the effectiveness of their leadership skills and the performance of their businesses. The authors' approach, Brain Change Therapy, addresses these goals through neural and emotional state change using three modalities: deep state work with alpha/theta training, informal hypnotic conversation, and conventional therapeutic interventions. Of the three, deep state work has been found to be particularly effective in resolving trauma and releasing painful memories without intense abreaction. It involves a state of consciousness highly conducive to creative insight. This article describes an executive training program that uses all three means with particular emphasis on deep state work.
Corporate Peak Performance Project
Authors: Cochran Steven D
Published: November 2011

Sixteen partners at a financial services firm participated in an on-site neurofeedback training program. The training was provided in a group format at the work site, with three participants training simultaneously. Sixteen partners commenced training, and 15 completed the training. The EEG training protocol rewarded increases in the SMR range in order to enhance focus, and decreases in the theta and high beta (hibeta) ranges, to reduce impulsiveness and anxious thinking. A posttraining questionnaire showed significant positive results for a majority of the participating executives on several variables, including improved focus, reduced impulsiveness, reduced anxious thinking, improved sleep, and improved productivity.
Biofeedback and Neurofeedback in Sports
Authors: Perry Frank D , Shaw Lindsay , Zaichkowsky Leonard
Published: November 2011

There is great promise in the technology of biofeedback for the field of sport psychology. However, very little empirical research has been conducted that speaks to the efficacy of psychophysiological intervention in sport. The general aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of different training protocols designed to teach cognitive and emotional self-regulation and improve athlete performance on sport-specific tasks. Results of these experiments demonstrated athlete mastery of self-regulation skills and improvement in sport performance.
Cholesterol, C-Reactive Protein, and Periodontitis: HMG-CoA-Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) as Effect Modifiers
Authors: Meisel Peter , Kohlmann Thomas , Wallaschofski Henri , Kroemer Heyo K. , Kocher Thomas
Published: November 2011

Common risk factors of periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases fuel the debate on interrelationships between them. The aim is to prove whether statins may influence periodontal parameters by affecting either of these factors. Out of the 4,290 subjects of SHIP (Study of Health in Pomerania), we included subjects aged >30 years (219 with statins, 2937 without) and excluded edentulous. We determined periodontal measures, cholesterol fractions, and inflammation markers. Statin use and periodontal risk factors were assessed. Gingival plaque and periodontal attachment loss were associated with systemic LDL cholesterol (P<0.001) and C-reactive protein CRP (P=0.019) revealing interaction with statin use. When adjusted for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, education, and dental service, statins were identified as effect modifiers abolishing the relationship between attachment loss and LDL and between gingival plaque and LDL (interactions P<0.001). No statin-related interaction was detected with increase in CRP. The interaction supports the view of inter-relationships between periodontal and systemic inflammatory mediators.
An Efficient Algorithm to Solve the Conditional Covering Problem on Trapezoid Graphs
Authors: Rana Akul , Pal Anita , Pal Madhumangal
Published: November 2011

Let G=(V,E) be a simple connected undirected graph. Each vertex v∈V has a cost c(v) and provides a positive coverage radius R(v). A distance duv is associated with each edge {u,v}∈E, and d(u,v) is the shortest distance between every pair of vertices u,v∈V. A vertex v can cover all vertices that lie within the distance R(v), except the vertex itself. The conditional covering problem is to minimize the sum of the costs required to cover all the vertices in G. This problem is NP-complete for general graphs, even it remains NP-complete for chordal graphs. In this paper, an O(n2) time algorithm to solve a special case of the problem in a trapezoid graph is proposed, where n is the number of vertices of the graph. In this special
case, duv=1 for every edge {u,v}∈E, c(v)=c for every v∈V(G), and R(v)=R, an integer >1, for every v∈V(G). A new data structure on trapezoid graphs is used to solve the problem.
The Use of High Dose Letrozole in Ovulation Induction and Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation
Authors: Pritts Elizabeth A. , Yuen Alexander K. , Sharma Shefaali , Genisot Robert , Olive David L.
Published: November 2011

Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, has been demonstrated to be effective as an ovulation induction and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation agent. However, dose administration has generally been limited to 5 days at 2.5 to 7.5 mg daily. We undertook a retrospective review of over 900 treatment cycles using letrozole in doses as high as 12.5 mg per day. Results indicate that such doses do indeed offer benefit to patients; in that there is increased follicular growth and a higher number of predicted ovulations with higher doses of the drug. However, increasing doses does not produce a detrimental effect upon endometrial thickness. High-dose letrozole may be of value in women who fail to respond adequately to lower doses. Furthermore, randomized trials are needed to determine whether high-dose letrozole might actually be optimal as a starting dose for certain treatment groups.
Analysis of IL-1α(−889) and IL-1B(+3953) Gene Polymorphism in Syrian Patients with Aggressive Periodontitis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shibani Kenan , Shhab Reem , Khattab Razan
Published: November 2011

Polymorphisms in IL-1 gene have been suggested to influence transcription of IL-1α and IL-1B and thereby the pathophysiology of periodontitis. Using genotyping IL-1 test, a pilot study was conducted on 32 Syrian patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and 35 healthy controls to investigate the association between the IL-1α(−889), IL-1B(+3953) gene polymorphisms and AgP among schoolchildren. The results revealed a similar distribution of genotypes between patients and controls, and did not support an association between IL-1 gene polymorphisms and AgP, however, the association was significant in male patients only. To determine and confirm any susceptible or resistant genes for AgP, future studies should use many target genes and well-defined related periodontal outcomes.
Additional Support for Simple Imputation of Missing Quality of Life Data in Nursing Research
Authors: Hopman Wilma M. , Harrison Margaret B. , Carley Meg , VanDenKerkhof Elizabeth G.
Published: November 2011

Background. Missing data are a significant problem in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) research. We evaluated two imputation approaches: missing data estimation (MDE) and assignment of mean score (AMS). Methods. HRQOL data were collected using the Medical Outcomes Trust SF-12. Missing data were estimated using both approaches, summary statistics were produced for both, and results were compared using intraclass correlations (ICC). Results. Missing data were imputed for 21 participants. Mean values were similar, with ICC >.99 within both the Physical Component Summary and the Mental Component Summary when comparing the two methodologies. When imputed data were added into the full study sample, mean scores were identical regardless of methodology. Conclusion. Results support the use of a practical and simple imputation strategy of replacing missing values with the mean of the sample in cross-sectional studies when less than half of the required items of the SF-12 components are missing.
Automobilių korozija
Authors: Šulčius Algirdas , Mikučionis Kęstutis
Published: November 2011

Knygoje pažvelgta į automobilių korozijos problemą, paliečiant korozijos procesų prigimtį, jų priklausomybę nuo įvairių faktorių, parodoma automobilių korozijos specifika bei priemonės, kuriomis sprendžiamos automobilių korozijos problemos.
Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Primary‐Secondary Diamines
Authors: Lu Yingpeng , Zheng Changwu , Yang Yingquan , Zhao Gang , Zou Gang
Published: November 2011

The asymmetric epoxidation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones has been achieved by using functional and readily accessible primary‐secondary diamines as the catalysts, giving the useful alkyl epoxy products with good yields and high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
In situ Acidic Carbon Dioxide/Ethanol System for Selective Oxybromination of Aromatic Ethers Catalyzed by Copper Chloride
Authors: Liu An‐Hua , He Liang‐Nian , Hua Fang , Yang Zhen‐Zhen , Huang Cheng‐Bin , Yu Bing , Li Bin
Published: November 2011

An environmentally benign carbon dioxide/ethanol reversible acidic system was developed for the copper(II)‐catalyzed regioselective oxybromination of aromatic ethers without the need of any conventional acid additive and organic solvent. Good to excellent yields together with very good regioselectivity were achieved when easily available cupric chloride dihydrate was used as catalyst and lithium bromide as the cheap and easy‐to‐handle bromine source under supercritical carbon dioxide conditions. Notably, the catalytic system worked well for a wide range of aromatic ethers including sulfides, resulting in the formation of the mono‐brominated products in high yields and exclusive regioselectivity. The alkylcarbonic acid in situ formed from ethanol and carbon dioxide is assumed to play the crucial role in the Brønsted acid‐promoted reaction, which could probably act as the proton donator, and was studied employing in situ FT‐IR technique under carbon dioxide pressure by monitoring the vibration shift of the hydroxy group of ethanol. Given with excellent bromine atom efficiency as well as no need of neutralization in waste disposal, this approach thus represents a greener pathway for the aerobic bromination of aromatic ethers. A possible catalytic cycle for the in situ alkylcarbonic acid‐assisted oxybomination and the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide, i.e., activation of alcohol and enhancement of mass transfer are also discussed.
A Tuneable Bifunctional Water‐Compatible Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Selective Aqueous Hydrogenation of Phenols
Authors: Liu Hongli , Li Yingwei , Luque Rafael , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: November 2011

A water‐tolerant bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst is able to effectively catalyse the selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone in water at atmospheric pressure and room temperature with >99.9% selectivity to cyclohexanone at phenol conversions >99.9%. The catalyst was found to be highly active and reusable, giving identical activities and selectivities after >5 uses. Moreover, this reported simple bifunctional catalyst is also able to hydrogenate a range of substituted phenols in high yields under the investigated aqueous conditions.
Improved Stability and Catalytic Activity of Palladium Nanoparticle Catalysts using Phosphine‐Functionalized Imidazolium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Luska Kylie L. , Moores Audrey
Published: November 2011

Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) stabilized by 6 different phosphine‐functionalized ionic liquids (PFILs) were synthesized in imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) using H2(g) (4 bar) as a reductant. Characterization showed well‐dispersed particles of ∼3 nm (TEM) and confirmed the PFIL stabilization of the NPs (XPS). The PFILs were composed of an imidazolium functionality separated from the phosphine group by a propyl or undecyl chain. The counter anions for both FILs and IL solvents were chosen from N‐bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Tf2N−), trifluoromethanesulfonate (TfO−) or hexafluorophosphate (PF6−). Colloidal suspensions of the Pd NPs were employed as biphasic hydrogenation catalysts for the reduction of the olefinic bond in styrene under mild conditions (50 °C, 4 bar H2(g), 1.5 h). The PFIL‐stabilized Pd NPs were effective hydrogenation catalysts and showed superior activity and recyclability over NPs synthesized in the absence of PFILs. Poisoning tests of the Pd NP catalysts and characterization of the electronic properties of the phosphine were also performed.
Facile Construction of Vicinal Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters via Regio‐ and Stereoselective Organocatalytic Michael Addition to Nitrodienes
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Chimni Swapandeep Singh
Published: November 2011

A highly regio‐ and stereoselective protocol for the synthesis of vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereocenters has been developed. The 6′‐OH Cinchona alkaloids (BnCPN or BnCPD) at low catalyst loading (0.5–5 mol%) catalyze the Michael addition of trisubstituted carbon nucleophiles to nitrodienes in good to excellent yield (up to >99), high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee) and high diastereoselectivity (up to >99:1 dr) under mild reaction conditions.
A Chiral Microporous Polymer Network as Asymmetric Heterogeneous Organocatalyst
Authors: Bleschke Christian , Schmidt Johannes , Kundu Dipti S. , Blechert Siegfried , Thomas Arne
Published: November 2011

Microporous polymer networks, composed of structure‐directing monomers (tectons), can exhibit high permanent surface area and porosity. By choice of suitable tectons various functionalities can be introduced into such networks. Here we introduce chiral BINOL derivatives as novel tectons to generate microporosity in polymer networks. The use of such monomers enables the formation of networks composed solely out of enantiomerically pure compounds. This porous network can be used as a heterogeneous organocatalyst in asymmetric reactions and gives higher enantioselectivty than the homogeneous reaction.
Highly Active Palladium Catalyst for the Sonogashira Coupling Reaction of Unreactive Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hwan , Kwon Young‐Jun , Jin Myung‐Jong
Published: November 2011

This communication reports on the β‐diketiminatophosphane palladium‐catalyzed copper‐free Sonogashira coupling of aryl chlorides with alkynes. A catalyst loading of 0.5 mol% is sufficient to achieve high performance under relatively mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, dialkynylbenzenes are efficiently prepared by one‐pot double Sonogashira couplings of aryl dichlorides.
Sex differences in repetitive stereotyped behaviors in autism: Implications for genetic liability
Authors: Szatmari Peter , Liu Xiao‐Qing , Goldberg Jeremy , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Paterson Andrew D. , Woodbury‐Smith Marc , Georgiades Stelios , Duku Eric , Thompson Ann
Published: November 2011

The implications of the well known sex differences in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not well understood. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether these differences might be associated with differences in genetic liability. Individuals with ASD (970 families, 2,028 individuals) were recruited as part of the Autism Genome Project (AGP). The families were differentiated into families containing a female (either female–female or male–female) and those with only males. If the sex with the lower prevalence is associated with a greater genetic liability necessary to cross sex‐specific thresholds, the males from female containing families should be more severely affected than males from male only families. Affected subjects from the different types of families with ASD were sampled and compared on the social reciprocity and repetitive behavior scores from the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R). In general, females had lower repetitive behavior scores than males. More importantly, males from female containing families had higher repetitive behavior scores than males from male–male families. No such differences were apparent on the social reciprocity scores. These results support the hypothesis of a multiple threshold model of genetic liability of ASD with females having a higher liability for affectation status, at least on the repetitive behavior dimension of the disorder. These data also support the dissociation of the different phenotypic dimensions of ASD in terms of its genetic architecture. The implications of these results for linkage and association studies are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of biological uranium reduction using magnetic resonance
Authors: Vogt Sarah J. , Stewart Brandy D. , Seymour Joseph D. , Peyton Brent M. , Codd Sarah L.
Published: November 2011

The conversion of soluble uranyl ions (UO) by bacterial reduction to sparingly soluble uraninite (UO2(s)) is being studied as a way of immobilizing subsurface uranium contamination. Under anaerobic conditions, several known types of bacteria including iron and sulfate reducing bacteria have been shown to reduce U (VI) to U (IV). Experiments using a suspension of uraninite (UO2(s)) particles produced byShewanella putrefaciensCN32 bacteria show a dependence of both longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation times on the oxidation state and solubility of the uranium. Gradient echo and spin echo MR images were compared to quantify the effect caused by the magnetic field fluctuations ($T_{2}^{*} $) of the uraninite particles and soluble uranyl ions. Since the precipitate studied was suspended in liquid water, the effects of concentration and particle aggregation were explored. A suspension of uraninite particles was injected into a polysaccharide gel, which simulates the precipitation environment of uraninite in the extracellular biofilm matrix. A reduction in theT2of the gel surrounding the particles was observed. Tests done in situ using three bioreactors under different mixing conditions, continuously stirred, intermittently stirred, and not stirred, showed a quantifiableT2magnetic relaxation effect over the extent of the reaction. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:877–883. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescence Detection of Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism with Single‐Strand Triplex‐Forming DNA Probes
Authors: Li Xinpeng , Wang Yuan , Guo Jiajie , Tang Xinjing
Published: November 2011

Triple‐helix‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) are widespread in the genome and have been found in regulatory regions, especially in promoter zones and recombination hotspots of DNA. To specifically detect these polypurine sequences, we designed and synthesized two dual pyrene‐labeled single‐strand oligonucleotide probes (TFO‐FPs) consisting of recognition, linker, and detection sequences. The hybridization processes of TFO‐FPs with target polypurine oligonucleotides involve both Watson–Crick and Hoogsteen base‐pairings. Through double sensing of oligonucleotide sequences, single mutations of target oligonucleotides are detected by monitoring changes in pyrene fluorescence. The high specificities of the probes are maintained over a wide temperature range without sacrifice of hybridization kinetics.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tertiary Amine as A Hydride Donor: Trichlorosilyl Triflate‐Mediated Conjugate Reduction of Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Kotani Shunsuke , Osakama Kazuki , Sugiura Masaharu , Nakajima Makoto
Published: November 2011

Deuterium‐labeling experiments reveal that the α‐hydrogen of the amine is transferred to the β‐position of the ketone.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐ and Palladium‐Catalyzed 1,5‐Substitution Reactions of 2‐En‐4‐yne Acetates and Carbonates with Organoboronic Acids.
Authors: Uecuencue Muhammed , Karakus Erman , Kus Melih , Akpinar Guerkan Eray , Aksin‐Artok Oezge , Krause Norbert , Karaca Sila , Elmaci Nuran , Artok Levent
Published: November 2011

The reaction of (E)‐ and (Z)‐enyne carbonates and (Z)‐enyne acetates allows convenient access to (E)‐configurated vinylallenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkynylation of Secondary α‐Bromo Carbonyl Compounds via Stille Coupling.
Authors: Kang Jun Yong , Connell Brian T.
Published: November 2011

Pd‐catalyzed treatment of α‐bromo esters and amides with alkynylstannanes allows new access to secondary alkynyl carbonyl compounds of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Potassium Boc‐Protected Aminomethyltrifluoroborate with Aryl and Hetaryl Halides.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Shin Inji
Published: November 2011

The reaction of various chlorides with borate (II) in the presence of either SPhos (Ia) or XPhos (Ib) affords synthetically important aminomethyl units.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of Mesylated Phenol Derivatives with Potassium Alkoxymethyltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Beaumard Floriane
Published: November 2011

The method allows access to a broad spectrum of interesting ether structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt—Phenanthroline Catalysts for the ortho Alkylation of Aromatic Imines under Mild Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Gao Ke , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: November 2011

Cobalt—phenanthroline catalysts are successfully applied in the ortho‐alkylation of aromatic imines with various olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Opportunities: Catalyst and Solvent in Mukaiyama Aldol Addition of Rawal′s Diene to Carbonyl Derivatives.
Authors: De Rosa Margherita , Soriente Annunziata
Published: November 2011

Reaction of Rawal′s diene (I) with aromatic (II) and aliphatic aldehydes (IV) in aqueous solution in the absence of any catalyst proceeds via a Mukaiyama aldol pathway to give adducts (III) and (V), resp., in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe‐Catalyzed Thioesterification of Carboxylic Esters.
Authors: Magens Silja , Plietker Bernd
Published: November 2011

A racemization‐free Fe‐catalyzed synthesis of aromatic and aliphatic thioesters is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Stereoselective Synthesis of Symmetrical (E)‐Stilbenes via Homocoupling of 1,3‐Dibenzylbenzotriazolium Bromides.
Authors: Xiao Xiaohui , Lin Daqin , Tong Shuitian , Luo Hong , He Yinfeng , Mo Hailan
Published: November 2011

Treatment of the bromides (I) and (III) with NaH results in a highly stereoselective homocoupling to give (E)‐stilbenes as exclusive or main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component and One‐Pot Reaction Between Trimethyl Phosphite, Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Ethyl 4‐Aryl‐2,4‐dioxobutanoates
Authors: Aboee‐Mehrizi Fateme , Mosslemin Mohammad H. , Rustaiyan Abdolhossein , Hassanabadi Alireza , Abutalebi Ali , Salari Maryam
Published: November 2011

as a simple and efficient route for the stereoselective synthesis of trans‐cyclobutene derivatives (III) (8 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Functional Group Compatible Rh‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylboroxines to Activated N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Ketimines.
Authors: Jung Hyung Hoon , Buesking Andrew W. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: November 2011

Arylboroxines with labile functional groups, that are not compatible with Grignard and organolithium reagents, are converted with moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Construction of Oxa‐Aza Spirobicycles via a Tandem Carbon—Hydrogen Bond Oxidation.
Authors: Sun Yi , Gan Jianhong , Fan Renhua
Published: November 2011

N‐Tosyl protection of the substrates is essential as the N‐Mes and N‐Bz analogues behave differently and no reaction takes place when N‐Ac derivatives are applied.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrosynthesis of Substituted 1H‐Indoles from o‐Nitrostyrenes.
Authors: Du Peng , Brosmer Jonathan L. , Peters Dennis G.
Published: November 2011

The reaction proceeds electrochemically on the carbon cathode using Me4NBF4 as a supporting electrolyte in DMF in the presence of phenol as a proton source.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazoles via Electrophilic Cyclization.
Authors: Zora Metin , Kivrak Arif , Yazici Ceyda
Published: November 2011

A wide range of biologically important pyrazoles can be prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Aminochroman Derivatives Through Ruthenium‐Synphos Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Wu Zi , Ayad Tahar , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie
Published: November 2011

The synthetically important and pharmaceutically interesting structural units are obtained with high enantioselectivities, except in the case of the sterically hindered ortho‐substituted substrate (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst‐Free Benzylic C—H Bond Olefination of Azaarenes for Direct Mannich‐Like Reactions.
Authors: Yan Yizhe , Xu Kun , Fang Yang , Wang Zhiyong
Published: November 2011

Treatment of methylazaarenes with N‐sulfonyl aldimines under catalyst‐free conditions allows efficient and selective access to (E)‐alkenylazaarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of the HCV Protease Inhibitor BILN 2061 and Its P3 Modified Analogues.
Authors: Liu Dejun , Dong Jingchao , Yin Yunxing , Ma Rujian , Shi Yifeng , Wu Hao , Chen Shuhui , Li Ge
Published: November 2011

In contrast to the previously described 7‐step route, the synthesis of BILN 2061 (VII) is accomplished in 4 steps starting from (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Remarkably Simple Protocol for the N‐Formylation of Amino Acid Esters and Primary Amines.
Authors: Suchy Mojmir , Elmehriki Adam A. H. , Hudson Robert H. E.
Published: November 2011

The process applies DMF as formyl donor and solvent and proceeds in the presence of imidazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Chiral Tryptophan Derivatives Using Negishi Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Tanaka Minoru , Hikawa Hidemasa , Yokoyama Yuusaku
Published: November 2011

Negishi coupling of 3‐bromoindole derivatives with zincated iodoaniline provides access to a diversity of chiral tryptophan derivatives (III) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavans from Iris tenuifolia and Their Effects on β‐Amyloid Aggregation and Neural Stem Cells Profliferation in vitro.
Authors: Cui Yan‐Mei , Wang Hui , Liu Quan‐Ru , Han Mei , Lu Yang , Zhao Chang‐Qi
Published: November 2011

New flavans (I) and flavanone (II) are isolated along with three known compounds from the roots of Iris tenuifolia.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin‐Transfer Magnetization Switching in Ordered Alloy‐Based Nanopillar Devices
Authors: Mitani S.
Published: November 2011

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization and Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Nanostructures
Authors: Sievers Sibylle , Schumacher Hans Werner , Steinhoff Uwe , Trahms Lutz , Schurig Thomas
Published: November 2011

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetization Reversal in Epitaxial FePt Thin Layers by Spin‐Polarized Current
Authors: Seki Takeshi , Mitani Seiji , Takanashi Koki
Published: November 2011

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Revisiting Keteniminium Salts: More than the Nitrogen Analogues of Ketenes.
Authors: Madelaine Claire , Valerio Viviana , Maulide Nuno
Published: November 2011

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Metabolites: 45 Years of Wandering, Wondering and Discovering
Authors: Omura Satoshi
Published: November 2011

Review: a personal and reflective account, total syntheses of microbial metabolites accomplished by the authors research group; 218 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOX Ligands
Authors: Bausch Cory C. , Pfaltz Andreas
Published: November 2011

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: BINAP
Authors: Ohkuma Takeshi , Kurono Nobuhito
Published: November 2011

Review: 249 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)
Authors: Loerting Thomas , Bernard Juergen
Published: November 2011

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: No Detours: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H/C—H Cross‐Couplings of Heteroarenes
Authors: Han Wei , Ofial Armin R.
Published: November 2011

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Origins of Nucleotides
Authors: Powner Mattew W. , Sutherland John D. , Szostak Jack W.
Published: November 2011

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mannich‐Type Reactions of Nitrones, Oximes, and Hydrazones
Authors: Merino Pedro , Tejero Tomas
Published: November 2011

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dealing with Crystal Forms (The Kingdom of Serendip?).
Authors: Braga Dario , d'Agostino Simone , Dichiarante Elena , Maini Lucia , Grepioni Fabrizia
Published: November 2011

Review: 72 refs.
American Society for Preventive Cardiology Annual Debate: Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women—Does One Size Fit All?
Authors: Wong Nathan D.
Published: November 2011

The author has no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
MQD—Multiplex‐Quadrature Detection in Multi‐Dimensional NMR
Authors: Schlagnitweit Judith , Horničáková Michaela , Zuckerstätter Gerhard , Müller Norbert
Published: November 2011

With multiplex‐quadrature detection (MQD) the tasks of coherence selection and quadrature separation in N‐dimensional heteronuclear NMR experiments are merged. Thus the number of acquisitions required to achieve a desired resolution in the indirect dimensions is significantly reduced. The minimum number of transients per indirect data point, which have to be combined to give pure‐phase spectra, is thus decreased by a factor (3/4)N−1. This reduction is achieved without adjustable parameters. We demonstrate the advantage by MQD 3D HNCO and HCCH‐TOCSY spectra affording the same resolution and the same per‐scan sensitivity as standard phase‐cycled ones, but obtained in only 56 % of the usual time and by resolution improvements achieved in the same amount of time.
MOVPE growth of AIIIBV‐N semiconductor compounds for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Ściana B. , Radziewicz D. , Pucicki D. , Zborowska‐Lindert I. , Serafińczuk J. , Tłaczała M. , Latkowska M. , Kováč J. , Srnanek R.
Published: November 2011

The present work presents the influence of the growth parameters on the structural and optical properties of undoped GaAsN epilayers and triple quantum wells 3×InGaAsN/GaAs obtained by atmospheric pressure metal organic vapour phase epitaxy APMOVPE. The structures were examined using high resolution X‐Ray diffraction HRXRD, contactless electroreflectance CER, photocurrent PC and Raman RS spectroscopies. The influence of the growth temperature and the gas phase composition on the material quality and alloy composition of the investigated structures as well as the growth and calibration characteristics are presented and discussed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dirhodium Catalysts That Bear Redox Noninnocent Chelating Dicarboxylate Ligands and Their Performance in Intra‐ and Intermolecular C–H Amination
Authors: Kornecki Katherine P. , Berry John F.
Published: November 2011

We report two new analogues of the well‐known C–H amination catalyst [Rh2(esp)2] (1) (esp = α,α,α′,α′‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐benzenedipropanoate) that bear redox‐active supporting ligands that are structurally similar to esp. The redox‐active ligands are 2‐[3‐(1‐carboxy‐1‐methylethoxy)phenoxy]‐2‐methylpropanoic acid (H2L1) and (3‐methoxycarbonyl‐2,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenoxy)ethanoic acid (H2L2), which react with Rh2(OAc)4 to form the catalysts [Rh2(L1)2] (2) and [Rh2(L2)2] (3). Both 2 and 3 have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography and cyclic voltammetry, inter alia. Compounds 2 and 3 are structurally similar to 1 but show more complex electrochemical features. Whereas 1 has a single reversible redox wave that corresponds to the Rh2II,II/Rh2II,III couple, 2 and 3 show multiple oxidations that are characteristic of ligand‐centered oxidation. Catalysts 1, 2, and 3 perform well in a model intramolecular C–H amination reaction, and all three catalysts perform equally well during the first four hours of a model intermolecular reaction. After this point, 2 and 3 cease to function, whereas 1 continues to be active. These results support the hypothesis that intermolecular C–H amination utilizes two distinct mechanisms: (1) a nitrene interception/insertion mechanism that is fast but ceases to be operative after four hours, and (2) a one‐electron mechanism that is more robust over extended time periods, but requires the catalyst to be able to undergo Rh2‐centered oxidation.
A Route to “all‐cis” 2‐Methyl‐6‐Substituted Piperidin‐3‐ol Alkaloids from syn‐(2R,1′S)‐2‐(1‐Dibenzylaminomethyl)epoxide: Rapid Total Synthesis of (+)‐Deoxocassine
Authors: Géant Pierre‐Yves , Martínez Jean , Salom‐Roig Xavier J.
Published: November 2011

A general strategy leading to the synthesis of two cis‐2‐methyl‐6‐substituted piperidin‐3‐ols is described. syn‐(2R,1′S)‐2‐(1‐Dibenzylaminomethyl) epoxide (13) was used as common building block. The key step involved oxirane ring opening of 13 by the nucleophilic lithium aza‐enolate of hydrazones 12a and 12b. Subsequent hydrazone hydrolysis and intramolecular reductive amination afforded the alkaloid (+)‐deoxocassine and a new C‐6 ethyl analogue of this substance in good yields.
A Halide‐for‐Anion Swap Using an Anion‐Exchange Resin (A– Form) Method: Revisiting Imidazolium‐Based Anion Receptors and Sensors
Authors: Alcalde Ermitas , Mesquida Neus , Ibáñez Anna , Dinarès Immaculada
Published: November 2011

Faced with an extensive pool of imidazolium‐based systems, the present study was based on selected examples of bis(imidazolium) models for anion recognition to broaden the applicability of counteranion exchange by using the anion‐exchange resin (AER) (A– form) method in nonaqueous media. Relying on the hydrophobicity of the quaternary imidazolium salt for counteranion exchange, the AER (A– form) method was performed in organic solvents of different polarity, such as CH3OH and CH3CN. Anion exchange proceeded in excellent to quantitative yields, simultaneously removing halide impurities―often a troublesome purification task. The results of electrospray mass spectrometry [ESI(+)‐MS] analysis focused on the gas‐phase behavior of the dicationic cyclophane prototype 5·2Cl and the open‐chain compound pairs 4·2Br and 15·2Br are briefly described.
Synthetic applications of 3H‐1,2,4‐dithiazoles: Structure and reactivity studies
Authors: Islam Md. Rafiqul , Takikawa Yuji , Lim Kwon Taek
Published: November 2011

Synthetic applications of 3H‐1,2,4‐dithiazoles have been studied extensively. The facile synthesis of hitherto unknown 3H‐1,2,4‐dithiazole S‐oxides was realized by the mCPBA oxidation of 3H‐1,2,4‐dithiazoles. The structural information of the 1,2,4‐dichalcogenazole ring system was revealed by the ORTEP analysis of 3‐tert‐butyl‐5‐4‐chloro‐phenyl‐3H‐1,2,4‐dithiazole S‐oxide. The reactivities of 3H‐1,2,4‐dithiazoles are also discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:154–159, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20764
Serum ferritin levels are associated with a distinct phenotype of chronic hepatitis C poorly responding to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy
Authors: Lange Christian M. , Kutalik Zoltan , Morikawa Kenichi , Bibert Stéphanie , Cerny Andreas , Dollenmaier Günter , Dufour Jean-François , Gerlach Tilman J. , Heim Markus H. , Malinverni Raffaele , Müllhaupt Beat , Negro Francesco , Moradpour Darius , Bochud Pierre-Yves
Published: November 2011

Elevated serum ferritin levels may reflect a systemic inflammatory state as well as increased iron storage, both of which may contribute to an unfavorable outcome of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We therefore performed a comprehensive analysis of the role of serum ferritin and its genetic determinants in the pathogenesis and treatment of CHC. To this end, serum ferritin levels at baseline of therapy with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin or before biopsy were correlated with clinical and histological features of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, including necroinflammatory activity (N = 970), fibrosis (N = 980), steatosis (N = 886), and response to treatment (N = 876). The association between high serum ferritin levels (>median) and the endpoints was assessed by logistic regression. Moreover, a candidate gene as well as a genome-wide association study of serum ferritin were performed. We found that serum ferritin ≥ the sex-specific median was one of the strongest pretreatment predictors of treatment failure (univariate P < 0.0001, odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34–0.60). This association remained highly significant in a multivariate analysis (P = 0.0002, OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.20–0.61), with an OR comparable to that of interleukin (IL)28B genotype. When patients with the unfavorable IL28B genotypes were stratified according to high versus low ferritin levels, SVR rates differed by >30% in both HCV genotype 1- and genotype 3–infected patients (P < 0.001). Serum ferritin levels were also independently associated with severe liver fibrosis (P < 0.0001, OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.68–4.25) and steatosis (P = 0.002, OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.35–3.91), but not with necroinflammatory activity (P = 0.3). Genetic variations had only a limited impact on serum ferritin levels. Conclusion: In patients with CHC, elevated serum ferritin levels are independently associated with advanced liver fibrosis, hepatic steatosis, and poor response to interferon-alpha-based therapy. (Hepatology 2012)
Rosmarinic acid and baicalin epigenetically derepress peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ in hepatic stellate cells for their antifibrotic effect
Authors: Yang Melissa D. , Chiang Yi-Ming , Higashiyama Reiichi , Asahina Kinji , Mann Derek A. , Mann Jelena , Wang Clay C.C. , Tsukamoto Hidekazu
Published: November 2011

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) undergo myofibroblastic transdifferentiation (activation) to participate in liver fibrosis and identification of molecular targets for this cell fate regulation is essential for development of efficacious therapeutic modalities for the disease. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is required for differentiation of HSCs and its epigenetic repression underlies HSC activation. The herbal prescription Yang-Gan-Wan (YGW) prevents liver fibrosis, but its active ingredients and molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here we demonstrate YGW prevents and reverses HSC activation by way of epigenetic derepression of Pparγ involving reductions in MeCP2 expression and its recruitment to Pparγ promoter, suppressed expression of PRC2 methyltransferase EZH2, and consequent reduction of H2K27di-methylation at the 3′ exon. High-performance liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses identify polyphenolic rosmarinic acid (RA) and baicalin (BC) as active phytocompounds. RA and BC suppress the expression and signaling by canonical Wnts, which are implicated in the aforementioned Pparγ epigenetic repression. RA treatment in mice with existing cholestatic liver fibrosis inhibits HSC activation and progression of liver fibrosis. Conclusion: These results demonstrate a therapeutic potential of YGW and its active component RA and BC for liver fibrosis by way of Pparγ derepression mediated by suppression of canonical Wnt signaling in HSCs. (Hepatology 2012)