bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowing the Enemy
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

World War II intelligence operations produced a flood of information from spies, communications intercepts, aerial photos, prisoner and deserter interrogations, and a wide range of open sources (including radio broadcasts, books, newspapers, and magazines). Much of that information, including data on potential targets and enemy military intentions and capabilities, was produced in direct support of military operations. But the wide variety of sources employed and the huge volume of information produced was also the result of the insatiable appetite of each nation’s intelligence apparatus for information about all facets of enemy and enemy-controlled societies.
Penetrations, Sunken Subs, and Sudden Death
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

The 1970s saw no crises as serious as the Cuban missile crisis, no agent as valuable as Oleg Penkovskiy, no single technical advance quite so dramatic as the initial use of space for intelligence purposes. But the decade was marked by a number of notable events in the history of intelligence and a number of instances in which intelligence successes or failures helped shape world events.
The Making of A Composer: I
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried
Published: November 2023

At Seventeen, Amy Cheney Had achieved her first aim. She was established as a pianist in Boston with nothing but the highest public expectations for her continued artistic growth. Now she wished to have a composition teacher who would build on the work she had begun as a small child. Composition was as natural to her as playing the piano. She saw no reason why she could not pursue both.
Becoming Mistress of Her Craft
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried
Published: November 2023

There 1s A Tradition Of Composing for the Mass that goes back to the Renaissance, during which composers used the work to demonstrate their skills, to create the “master piece” that placed them in the company of master com posers. That tradition continued after the Reformation for both Catholic and Protestant composers, as epitomized by the great B-Minor Mass by Bach, a Lutheran. But Beach did not have to go outside of Boston to find a precedent: John Knowles Paine, also a Protestant, wrote a mass in 1865. His first large-scale work, it was composed while he was a student in Germany and almost as young as Beach was when she began hers.1 Paine’s Mass-like Beach’s- has impressed its hearers by its beauty, craftsmanship, and fine use of the orchestra. Amy Beach had a different and more difficult set of challenges than did Paine. Although she had the support and “incitement” of her husband to tackle a mass, it is also clear that she knew of no other woman who had written one. That so few are known to date is hardly a surprise considering the church’s his torical limitations on women’s activities in liturgical music.3 Thus Beach believed herself to be a pioneer in the genre.
Introduction
Authors: Joern Anthony , Keeler kathleen H
Published: November 2023

Preserving remaining North American grasslands requires a multi ability approach. In this book, we investigate three aspects of an admittedly larger problem: (1) how we as humans perceive grasslands; (2) the ecology of grasslands, in order to define the framework within which conservation and preservation efforts must operate; and (3) conservation issues. Additional sociological, economic, philosophical, and cultural considerations will provide important additional insights to preserving and managing grasslands, but are not included here. By restricting our focus to only three issues, we feel that we can provide a basic, but appropriate, understanding of grassland ecosystems for the prairie enthusiast. This provides an essential framework required for what we perceive to be necessary quick action. As humans, we are trapped by our own perceptions and experience of the world, and we act within these constraints. Our first concern in this book is to highlight this issue. We are not in a position to exploit such insights fully and then offer prescriptions for identifying the best approach to describe natural landscapes. However, we feel that it is important that both professionals and lay students think about this problem. These issues are not new. Language is now known to be more than just a vehicle for communication. Our choice of words and metaphors for describing things develops an atmosphere surrounding our subject that limits our intellectual opportunities to investigate the object (Lakoff and Johnson 1980; Hayakawa and Hayakawa 1990). Language often shapes our thinking modes as well as constrains the prescriptions that we offer to solve a problem. In the present context, for example, the phrase ‘‘balance of nature’’ provides a very different investigative framework for grassland study than does ‘‘struggle for existence’’ even though both are routinely used and accurate even complementary in their own way.
Perception and Revolution: The :Princess Casamassima and the Political Imagination
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C
Published: November 2023

Only months before, Hyacinth Robinson had viewed the workers’ revolution and the utopian future it projected as goals to be approached with passionate optimism and a violent desire for confrontation. Now we find him in at least verbal agreement with one of the more obtuse and decadent members of the aristocracy: speaking of progress in a mild voice in which we hear no accent of blood, approving of patience and gentleness toward political change, even when this coincides (both comically and tragically) with the exploiter’s fondest wish. His smile in the dark acknowledges, wryly, the incongruity.
Love and the Individual: Romantic Rightness and Platonic Aspiration
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C
Published: November 2023

In February 1984, the Stanford Humanities Center held a conference in memory of Michelle Rosaldo, the distinguished anthropologist, who died tragically during her pioneering field work in the Philippines. Since much of her work had been devoted to the investigation of cultural differences in the understanding of the individual“especially as subject and object of various emotions“the conference organizers chose the theme: “Reconstructing Individualism.” The participants were to consider aspects of traditional Western conceptions of the individual and criticisms of that tradition, asking what new conception or conceptions might emerge from that critique. Since I had recently published a paper on the individual as object of love in Plato’s Symposium,’ I was asked to address the topic, “Love and the Individual.”
Size-structured Models and Assessment Methods
Authors: Quinn II Terrance J , Deriso Richard B
Published: November 2023

Recently, much interest has developed in constructing population models based on length, weight, or size of individuals in the population. The reasons for this interest include the difficulty in obtaining accurate ages for a variety of fish species, the ready availability of length and size data, the desire to more accurately reflect the sampling distributions of the data collected, and the goal of integrating various sources of data collected from a fish population. Frequently, length data are the primary information available. Furthermore, population parameters such as mortality, gear selectivity, and maturity may be better related to size rather than to age. Finally, for some populations, it might be desirable to generalize age models to accommodate multiple classifications of an individual (age, length, weight, etc.).
Introduction
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

NAACP officials hosted a black-tie dinner in the elegant ballroom of the Pennsylvania Hotel in New York City on Thursday evening, May 14, 1931, to honor James Weldon Johnson for his fourteen years of service. This affair, probably the most remarkable of its kind in the 1930s, included a diverse gathering of many of the most distinguished and talented persons from practically every professional community in America. The power of John-son’s personality and the range of his achievements were commemorated by those who came to honor him and were evidenced in the tributes they paid. In reviewing the tributes, I was particularly caught by the historian and literary critic Carl Van Daren’s praise of the guest of honor: “He [Johnson] is an alchemist-he transformed baser metals into gold” Johnson used his brilliance and blackness to reveal some of the most obscure expressions of black culture through literature. He elevated and brought those aspects of the Black Experience into American life and world culture.
Speech Given at State Industrial School for Negroes
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

This speech was given at the State Industrial School for Negroes on September 16, 1915. Johnson optimistically believed that if African-Americans continued to work and fight, full citizenship would ultimately come. He noted that one of the ways to accomplish full citizenship was for blacks to perform the necessary responsibilities required for citizenship. Blacks, he indicated, should not make themselves a hollow copy of someone else, but develop their own qualities. This essay discusses the ultimate question of full citizenship or civil death for African-Americans.
A Message from Our Field Secretary
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

I left New York on January 16 to organize branches in the principal cities of the South. I stopped at Baltimore and spoke at a meeting held by the branch in that city then went to Richmond. Up to the present date branches have been organized in Richmond and Norfolk, Va.; Raleigh, Durham, and Greensboro, N.C.; Atlanta, Athens, Savannah and Augusta, Ga.; Columbia and Charleston, S.C.; and Jacksonville, Fla. The response of the colored people in the South to this call shows the wisdom of the Association in taking this step to organize south of Washington. In every city that I have visited I have found the thinking men and women of our race alive to the situation and ready to take part in the work that must be done. They also realize that the condition which has been brought about by the movement of colored people from the South to the North gives the great opportunity that has come in the last forty years for a demand to be made for those things to which the Negro is rightly entitled. The branch of the Association which was formed in Atlanta has already taken action on the public school question in that city. A while ago the Board of Education cut off the eighth grade from all the colored public schools. It now proposes to cut off the seventh grade. This proposal is simultaneous with one to build a Junior High School for white children; so it looks as though the means to provide for this new High School for white children are to be secured by the further cutting down of the colored schools.
Three Achievements and Their Significance
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

We came together this year in this Eighteenth Annual Conference after a year of what we might call a year of triumph, a year of victory. At our opening session on last Wednesday morning I rehearsed briefly to our delegates a general summary of the direction and of the processes which this organization has followed since its foundation. The organization began as an organization almost exclusively of agitation. When the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded, when it was organized, the fundamental citizenship rights of the Negro and the estimation in which the Negro was held by the general American public had reached the lowest point possible. In fact, America in general was not concerned about the Negro in America as a man and a citizen. It was concerned about him, perhaps, as a factor in labor or in politics, a negative factor, but was not very much interested in him otherwise. So the first job of this organization was the awakening, a quickening, a pricking, of the American conscience, of public opinion and we began with the only weapon which we had at hand and that weapon was intelligent and persistent agitation about the right and the wrong. We began to agitate about what was at that time and still is in a very large measure the great American crime, the great American disgrace and in some states the great American pastime-lynching. And we brought the cruel, naked, raw savage facts about lynching and began placing them before the American public and before the civilized world. The uncivilized world included a very large section of the American people themselves.
NAACP Testimonial Dinner Speech
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

All things must come to an end. And now after this period of kind and beautiful things said about me by my friends at this table I must rise and, at least tacitly, admit that all that has been said is all and altogether true. While my friends were talking there was a possibility that you-and that I myself-might believe that what they said was not conditioned by the amenities of the occasion or tempered by affection. But now that I am called on to rise and respond, it seems to me that the spell must break. The entrance prepared for the protagonist of the play is beyond the powers of the poor actor.
The American Negro
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Paradoxical as it may seem, the Negro goes as far back in the history of the new world as any of the old-world groups. Indeed, there are theories that African Negroes crossed the Atlantic at its narrowest point, landed on the South American continent, and influenced Indian civilization before the arrival of the white man. These theories have been set forth in great detail by Professor Leo Wiener, formerly of Harvard University. Whether the finds of Wiener be regarded as matters of fact or of conjecture, data exist which show that Negroes had a part in the accepted discovery of America and its exploration. There are some grounds for believing that the pilot of Columbus’s flagship on the first voyage and the Nina on the third voyage was a Negro. He was Pietro (or Pedro or Pero) Alonzo. In the “Libretto” (1504) there are a number of references to him as “Alonzo, the Negro.” Once he is referred to as “Alonz, Negro companion of the Admiral.” Similar references are made in other early reports of the voyages of discovery. Whatever may be the fact concerning Alonzo’s race (Thacher states that the word “Negro” as used in the “Libretto,” which became current in following publications, was in the first instance the result of a typographical error), it is known that Negroes were numerous in Portugal and Spain long before Columbus sailed, and that many of them followed the sea; so it is not beyond likelihood that Negroes were among the crews of the three voyages. However that may be, authentic history attests the fact that there were Negroes with Balboa, Cortez, Pizarro, De Soto, and with the other great explorers. One of the survivors of the ill-fated expedition led by De Narvaez was a Negro called Estevanico.
Africa at the Peace Table
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

There has been some slight criticism of the Advancement Association for the steps it has taken to bring Africa to the attention of the Peace Confeence and the civilized world. There are those who profess to see in such a move a danger to the cause of the American Negro. I wish to say that these steps have not been the result of any passing flash of enthusiasm; they were taken after careful thought and deliberation. As long ago as the spring of 1915, Dr. Du Bois published in The Atlantic Monthly an article entitled, “The African Roots of War,” in which he showed that when we cut down through the layers of international rivalries and jealousies we found that the roots of the great war were in Africa. As soon as the armistice was signed, the Association received a large number of letters from organizations and individuals all over the country and even from Canada, asking that some step be taken to influence world opinion regarding the disposition of the former German colonies in Africa. While these letters were coming in, Dr. Du Bois was already outlining and developing a program. I have here a copy of his memorandum; the whole of it is too long to read.
The Truth About Haiti
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

In writing of my visit to Haiti for Crisis readers, I should like to tell all that I learned about political, economic and social conditions there, and to give, as well, the information and impressions I gained about the country and the Haitian people themselves. This, of course, will not be possible, for either of these phases of the subject, fully treated, would make a complete article. I have decided that something about each phase will be more interesting and more comprehensive than all about one. Therefore, what I say will of necessity be rather sketchy.
Native African Races and Culture
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The African continent, with its eleven million square miles, almost four times as large as the United States of America, has a history reaching to the very dawn of human consciousness and of written or carven record. It has been not only a cradle of races and nations, but of refining arts, technology and crafts as well. Vast folk migrations have passed through the African continent from one end to the other; with the consequence that it now holds in its population of well above two hundred millions, the most diverse races, nations and languages imaginable. For Americans, Africa and more particularly African Negroes have derived their chief significance from slavery. To speak of the Negro was to refer to a man of color, usually thought of as “black”, brought on a slave ship to America, without possessions, without culture or aptitude, who had to learn laboriously the language of the country to which he had been brought, as well as the simplest tasks imposed upon him. The descendants of the slave labored under the disabilities which had been imposed upon him. They were at first denied the possession of human souls. They were thought of as being nearer to the beast than to man. All their achievements, whether they attained to the rank of artisan or eventually began to take their place in industry, science and the arts, were attributed to their new environment. They were held to be the beneficiaries of their new home. They had brought nothing with them. What they became, what they are, is attributed entirely to the beneficence of their home in the Western Hemi-sphere. To adopt this point of view, as it has been generally adopted in the United States, is to ignore the African background of the Negro. That background is both an ancient and a richly varied one. To that background it is the purpose in the following pages to give brief consideration.
Double Audience Makes Road Hard for Negro Authors
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The Negro author-the creative author-has arrived. He is here. He appears on the lists of the best publishers. He even breaks into the lists of the best sellers. To the general American public he is a novelty, a strange phenomenon, a miracle straight out of the skies. Well, he is a novelty, but he is by no means a new thing. The line of American Negro authors runs back for a hundred and fifty years back to Phillis Wheatley, the poet. Since Phillis Wheatley there have been several hundred Negro authors who have written books of many kinds. But in all these generations down to within the past six years only seven or eight of the hundreds have been heard of by the general American public or even by the specialists in American literature. As many Negro writers have gained recognition by both in the past six years as in all the generations gone before. What has happened is that efforts which have been going on for more than a century are being noticed and appreciated at last, and that this appreciation has served as a stimulus to greater effort and output. America is aware today that there are such things as Negro authors. Several converging forces have been at work to produce this state of mind. Had these forces been at work three decades ago, it is possible that we then should have had a condition; similar to the one which now exists.
The Best Methods of Removing the Disabilities of Caste from the Negro
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Before we can intelligently discuss this question we must first consider what is caste and what are the disabilities of caste under which the Negro labors. Caste in America is not what it is in most countries. In India it is the distinction made between people of different trades, professions, or religious sects. In most European countries it is the distinction made by society between people of different rank, wealth and position. In America it is neither. In this country the work in which a man is engaged, if it is honest, does not bring upon him odium or contempt; neither does his religious beliefs separate him from his fellow man nor need he, however lowly born, despair of rising to the highest positions of wealth and honor. That is provided he is a white man. But caste in America is the distinction between two great races, the white and the black. The whites make this distinction. It is not mutual. And this vast superiority, in regard to numbers, wealth, and power, enable them to enforce it. The disabilities of caste under which the Negro labors are many, especially in the South. He is not allowed in hotels, restaurants, or any other such public place, however wealthy he may be. He is compelled to ride in a dirty, smoky railroad car, however refined and cultured. He does not get justice in the courts; and for every slight offense the fullest extent of the law is meted out to him. He is debarred from many of the trades and professions on account of his race. In fact he is subjected to every form of humiliation and oppression which humanity and a republican form of government will allow. Now before we suggest any remedies let us look at the causes for this state of affairs. Was this caste born in America? No, for we can see traces of it all through history. Hannibal is said to have had in his army one officer who was a Negro and to whom much of his success was due; but the other officers would not associate with him because he was, a Negro.
A Tribute to Frederick Douglass
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

I am tonight to eulogize Frederick Douglass. I cannot but admit the disadvantages under which one labors in eulogizing a living subject, but I am sure that no exercises commemorative of this event, for which so many brave and true men labored, would be complete unless some word of praise be spoken in honor of the life and work of that truly great man. And I know that when the lives of great men are viewed through the shadowy mists of death, and their deeds seen only through the dim vistas of time, their faults are often lost to sight; and their virtues loom up like mountains: while from a closer view in life we too often allow their faults to blind us to their better qualities; and so I feel that in the treatment of my subject-I shall at least be free from unmerited and exaggerated applause. Frederick Douglass first impresses me as a great man by his life as a whole, by his work, by what he labored for, by what he accomplished; and, so I in my humble judgement write his name high in the temple of American fame, high among the great names that honor the pages of American history. Were I called upon to speak of the great Washington, that father of his country, who fought for its independence, or of the imperturbable soldier Grant, the preserver of his country, who fought for its union, or of the immortal Lincoln, the martyred hero, whose life was made a supreme sacrifice upon the altar of Freedom, I could not do so with more reverence, with more heartfelt gratitude, with more devotion than I speak of Douglass who, with his tongue lit by the fires of eloquence, helped to kindle a flame, which did not cease until in one great blaze it swept this broad land from sea to sea: purifying it of one of the greatest evils that has ever infested the human race, burning the bands and melting the shackles from four million human souls, who leaped with one joyous bound out from the most abject bondage, into a most glorious liberty.
Transplantation and the Medical Commons
Authors: Fox Renée C , Swazey Judith P , Watkins Judith C
Published: November 2023

“The dilemma confronting us,” Dr. Howard Hiatt wrote in 1975, “is how we can place additional stress on the medical commons without bringing ourselves closer to ruin” (Hiatt 1975, p. 235). Hiatt’s exploration of the nature of the medical commons and who is responsible for protecting its limited resources drew on an earlier paper by Garret Hardin, which used population growth to illustrate the types of human problems that, he argued, are not amenable to technical solutions (Hardin 1968). Both authors addressed the perennial ethical and social pol icy questions of how we should guard against the depletion of finite resources and how those resources should be most justly distributed. They did so through the analogy of a common pasture, shared by a group of herdsmen who, as their cattle increase, must decide how to balance their self-interests with the need to protect the land from overgrazing and ultimate destruction.
Desperate Appliance: A Short History of the Jarvik-7 Artificial Heart
Authors: Fox Renée C , Swazey Judith P , Watkins Judith C
Published: November 2023

“It was snowing the day he came to the hospital and on the night he died,” the nurse said softly, “and I remember the beauty of the mountains and the gently falling snow through the windows of the surgical intensive care unit.” It was 112 days earlier, on December 2, 1982, that the 61-year-old Seattle dentist, Barney B. Clark, facing imminent death from chronic congestive heart failure, had been wheeled into an operating room at the University of Utah Medical Center. There two young surgeons, 38-year-old William C. De fries and 34-year-old Lyle Joyce, the sole members of the center’s Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, removed Dr. Clark’s heart. In its place they implanted an experimental device called the Jarvik-7 total artificial heart, which for the first time was intended to function as a permanent replacement for the human heart.
The Last Man: Apocalypse Without Millennium
Authors: Paley Morton D
Published: November 2023

Early in 1826 appeared a book advertised as a “new Romance, or, rather Prophetic Tale”s—Mary Shelley’s novel The Last Man. It was published at just the wrong time. Since 1823 the literary world had been preoccupied with a controversy about just who had invented the Last Man, beginning with the publication of Thomas Campbell’s poem “The Last Man” and Francis Jeffrey’s suggestion in The Edinburgh Review that Campbell was indebted to Byron’s “Darkness” for the idea. Campbell was moved to print an open letter to Jeffrey asserting his own priority and claiming that it was he who at least fifteen years before had suggested to Byron the subject of “a being witnessing the extinction of his species and of the creation, and of his looking, under the fading eye of nature, at desolate cities, ships floating with the dead.” According to Campbell, the publication of “Darkness” had discouraged him from pursuing the theme, but “I was provoked to change my mind, when my friend Barry Cornwall informed me that an acquaintance of his intended to write a long poem entitled the Last Man.”
Swayed by Contraries: Mary Shelley and the Everyday
Authors: Langbauer Laurie
Published: November 2023

Writing in the first issue of Cultural Studies, the Australian critic Jennifer Craik cites Stuart Hall and Tony Bennett to argue that “the development of cultural studies has seen an uneasy alliance s… which overlooks the intrinsic incommensurability of structuralist (or, strictly speaking, idealist) and materialist positions.” The antimaterialism that Craik calls “idealist” we might call instead skeptical (and poststructuralist). In casting that skepticism as idealist and pitting it against materialism, Craik gestures to a larger institutional struggle; what interests me is the way that struggle has been transferred onto the site of cultural studies. The fundamental differences of irreconcilable theories troubling recent literary debate have been recast as a problem in the definition of cultural studies (an institutional dynamic we have also seen played out on the site of that other loosely defined field, feminism). Because cultural studies (and feminism) have been set up as test cases, these fields have had to ask themselves troubling questions: What is the status within them, for instance, of the contradictions Craik outlines? Does the diversity of approaches within thems—especially the uneasy contiguity of materialism and skepticisms—mean that these fields are only in some sense repeating a kind of discursive pluralism (as materialism has often charged poststructuralism), thereby blunting their political effect?
Objectivity and Moral Realism: On the Significance of the Phenomenology of Moral Experience
Authors: Smith Michael
Published: November 2023

In chapter 1 of Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong (hereafter ‘E’) John Mackie makes two claims: firstly, that we ordinarily conceive of values as ‘objectively prescriptive’ features of the world, and, secondly, that, as a matter of fact, the world contains no such features.1 Central to Mackie’s discussion is thus the relationship between a conceptual claim and an ontological claim. It is because our concept of value is the concept of an objective and prescriptive feature of the world, and thus a part of our ontology, that we can make the ontological claim that nothing like that figures in our ontology. Mackie thus adopts an ‘error theory’ about moral value. Our moral thought embodies a commitment to evaluative realism but, in being so committed, we are in error.
The Structure of Adaptive Landscapes Underlying Protein Evolution
Authors: Kauffman Stuart A
Published: November 2023

We turn now to the evolution of proteins in “protein space.” There can be no doubt that such evolution occurs on more or less rugged fitness landscapes. I emphasize again that by the “fitness” of a protein in protein space I mean the measurable capacity of the protein to carry out some defined function. The distribution of such a fitness measure over the space of possible proteins is the fitness landscape with respect to that specific function.
Over-Demandingness, Alienation, and Confinement
Authors: Murphy Liam B
Published: November 2023

In the next few chapters my aim is not to solve the familiar problem of over-demandingness but rather to undermine it force. As a first step. I offer in this chapter a detailed interpretation of the problem.* This involves describing two other potential problems concerning the demands of the optimizing principle of beneficence. These are, first, the problem of alienation. which concerns the idea that compliance with the optimizing principle alienates agents from ethically significant aspects of their own lives: and, second, the problem of confinement. where the idea is that the optimizing principle narrows the options available to complying agents in an objectionable way. largue that both of these problems may be compelling only to the extent that they are aspects of the problem of over-demandingness.
Milton’s Career and The Career Of Theory
Authors: Fish Stanley
Published: November 2023

More than fifteen years ago I appeared at the MLA to speak on the topic “New Directions in Milton Studies.” My fellow panelists, then as now twenty-five years my senior, were Joseph Summers and Louis Martz, and I was expected, presumably, to supply the radical voice. No doubt I disappointed when I predicted that there would be no new directions in Milton studies. My reasons were simple, and they still apply. First of all, the tradition of Milton studies is so strongly articulated, so well equipped with a set of hard questions and intractable problems, so burdened or graced with interpretive traditions that have been declared and elaborated by some of the most celebrated voices in literary history-Addison, Bentley, the Richardsons, Newton, Dr. Johnson, Blake, Shelley, Coleridge, Hazlitt, Macaulay, Arnold, Eliot, Pound, Leavis, Lewis, Ransom, Empson-that the conditions in relation to which a desire for the new would be felt, the conditions of surfeit and boredom, have little chance to develop. I am not making a statement about Milton-about his inexhaustible complexity or ineluctable essence-but about Milton criticism and the extent to which its history (a word we shall return to) constrains those who enter its precincts, even those who enter with the intentions of reform and critique. Not only has that history set us any number of tasks in any number of disciplines-theology, linguistics, military science, astronomy, music, dance, prosody, classics, Italian romance, cosmology, philosophy, rhetoric, zoology, etc.-but each of these tasks comes to us in the context of disputes as to how it is to be framed, in what terms, with what emphases, with what degrees of credulity or incredulity, and as a result any thesis strongly argued opens up many more avenues of inquiry than it claims to close.
In The Light Of Logic
Authors: Feferman Solomon
Published: November 2023

Solomon Feferman is one of the leading figures in the philosophy of mathematics. This volume brings together a selection of his most important recent writings, covering the relation between logic and mathematics, proof theory, objectivity and intentionality in mathematics, and key issues in the work of Gödel, Hilbert, and Turing. A number of the papers appeared originally in obscure places and are not well-known, and others are published here for the first time. All of the material has been revised and annotated to bring it up to date.
Time: The Rejected Dimension
Authors: Young Louise B
Published: November 2023

Long ago, in the infancy of mankind, a devastating discovery was made. Behind the endless golden cycle of days-dawn and dusk, winter and spring-that return with such reassuring rhythm, there is a slow but relentless change’. Each seemingly perfect cycle does not quite bring the past; a barely perceptible aging occurs in each individual day by day, more perceptibly year by year. The prime of life is reached and passed; the strengths and beauties of youth bloom and begin to fade. As each year follows on the heels of the departing year, the ugliness and indignities of old age grow ever more prominent. No one is spared and many are moved like Yeats to cry out: the presence of such evil with the belief in a purposeful and ordered universe? Attempts to resolve this paradox have taken many forms. Re­ligious faiths have postulated that the universe is controlled by suprabeings. These deities-both good and evil-are in constant conflict. The Greeks had a whole pantheon of warring gods and goddesses. The kindly works of Zeus could be counteracted at any moment by Pluto, lord of the underworld, and Hecate, powerful in heaven and earth. Norsemen worshipped Thor, the thunder god who was hath benevolent and threatening, bringing storm and destruction.
Man’s Place In The Process
Authors: Young Louise B
Published: November 2023

There is no lovelier image in our Western heritage than the legend of the first man and the first woman wandering naked and carefree through the Garden of Eden. The newly created world was virginal and pure and fresh as an early spring day when the trees are in flower, the leaves still tightly curled and no larger than rosebuds. Violets and periwinkle and morning dew bejewel the grass that is verdant with an intensity like the green flash of light from the setting sun as it slips down behind the gently curving edge of the western sky.
Modernism (for the Other People)
Authors: Morrison Paul
Published: November 2023

Only recently (or so it seems) we were still laboring to become Joyce’s contemporaries; today “modern” is everything we no longer care to be. To my knowledge, no other age has ever thought of itself as “post” anything in quite so self-congratulatory a fashion, yet even from the safety of our side of the hyphen-the “post-modern,” the “post-structuralist,” or whateverwe may be protesting too much. Consider the titles of two influential studies: “the myth of the modern” (it didn’t happen) and “the failure of modernism” (it did happen, but it didn’t work).
Singers
Authors: Stokes W Royal
Published: November 2023

That was Edith Wilson singing ‘There’ll Be Some Changes Made,’ accompanied by Eubie Blake,” I back-announced on a 1976 Saturday morning of my radio show “I Thought I Heard Buddy Bolden say...” ‘We have Edith here with us in the studio. She performed last night for the Folklore Society of Greater Washington and we’re going to be talking with her about her career and playing a few more selections from some of her recordings. Edith, I’d like to get you to do some biography, to tell us where you came from and how you grew up in music and that sort of thing.”
Other Climes
Authors: Stokes W Royal
Published: November 2023

Multi-instrumentalist James Morrison came to Washington, D.C., several times in the 1980s and early ‘90s. On his very last visit, while he was in residence at Cates for a week, I picked him up at his hotel one spring morning and drove him to my Silver Spring, Maryland, home. I made sandwiches for us and interviewed him in my backyard. Several months later I caught up with him and his brother John at the North Sea Jazz Festival, and we talked some more.
Am I Thin Enough Yet?
Authors: Hesse-Biber Sharlene
Published: November 2023

In The Cult of Thinness, Sharlene Hesse-Biber builds on interviews with young women about their weight and body image and connects women’s eating patterns to images in popular culture. Linking eating disorders to contemporary social, cultural, and economic pressures on women to be thin, Hesse-Biber argues that diet and workout industries profit from this cult of thinness and help to perpetuate it.
The Liar Speaks the Truth
Authors: Yaqub Aladdin M
Published: November 2023

In this book Yaqub describes a simple conception of truth and shows that it yields a semantical theory that accommodates the whole range of our seemingly conflicting intuitions about truth. This conception takes the Tarskian biconditionals (such as “The sentence `Johannes loved Clara’ is true if and only if Johannes loved Clara”) as correctly and completely defining the notion of truth. The semantical theory, which is called the revision theory, that emerges from this conception paints a metaphysical picture of truth as a property whose applicability is given by a revision process rather than by a fixed extension. The main advantage of this revision process is its ability to explain why truth seems in many cases almost redundant, in others substantial, and yet in others paradoxical (as in the famous Liar). Yaqub offers a comprehensive defense of the revision theory of truth by developing consistent and adequate formal semantics for languages in which all sorts of problematic sentences (Liar and company) can be constructed. He also offers a detailed critical exposition of the proposals of Herzberger, Gupta, and Belnap. Yaqub concludes by introducing a logic of truth that further demonstrates the adequacy of the revision theory. The book starts with a basic and intuitive understanding of the notion of truth and ends with a complex logic of truth. This book will interest students of logic, truth theory, formal semantics, and philosophy of language.
The Elevation
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

how ambitious is my Soul, How high she now aspires! There’s nothing can on Earth controul, Or limit her Desires. Upon the Wings of Thought she flies Above the reach of Sight, And finds a way thro’ pathless Skies To everlasting Light: From whence with blameless Scorn she views The Follies of Mankind; And smiles to see how each pursues Joys fleeting as the Wind. Yonder’s the little Ball of Earth, It lessens as I rise; That Stage of transitory Mirth, Of lasting Miseries: My Scorn does into Pity turn, And I lament the Fate Of Souls, that still in Bodies mourn, For Faults which they create: Souls without Spot, till Flesh they wear, Which their pure Substance stains: While thy th’uneasie Burthen bear, They’re never free from Pains.
The Happy Man
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

He is the happy Man whose constant Mind Is to th’ Enjoyment of himself confin’d: Who has within laid up a plenteous Store, And is so rich that he desires no more: Whose Soul is always easie, firm, and brave, And much too great to be Ambition’s Slave: Who Fortune’s Frowns without Concern can bear, And thinks it less to suffer, than to fear: Who, still the same, keeps up his native State, Unmov’d at all the Menaces of Fate: Who all his Passions absolutely sways, And to his Reason cheerful Homage pays, Who’s with a HalcyonCalmness ever blest, With inward Joy, untroubl’d Peace, and Rest: Who while the Most with Toil, with Guilt, and Heat, Lose their dear Quiet to be Rich and Great, Both Business, and disturbing Crouds does shun, Pleas’d that his Work is with less Trouble done: To whom a Grove, a Garden, or a Field, Much greater, much sublimer Pleasures yield, Than they can find in all the Charms of Pow’r, Those splendid Ills which so much Time devour: Who more than Life, his Friends and Books can prize, And for those Joys the noisie world despise: Who when Death calls, no Weakness does betray, Nor to an unbecoming Fear give way; But to himself, and to his Maxims true, Lies smiling down, and bids Mankind adieu.
A Dialogue between Alexisand Astrea
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Alexis.Come, fair Astrea,let us for a while Beneath this pleasant Shade our Cares beguile: In kind Discourses let us pass away The tiresom Heat, and Troubles of the Day: The Gods no greater Blessing can bestow Than mutual Love, ‘tis all our Bliss below. Astrea.But Men, false Men, take Pleasure to deceive, And laugh, when we their Perjuries believe; Each word approves by an obliging Smile, Asif it kindly wou’d my Griefs beguile: Thus, will I languish out the tedious Day, Thus, will I pass my saddest Hours away.
Icarus
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Whilst Icarushis Wings prepar’d His trembling Father for him fear’d: And thus to him he sighing said, let paternal Love persuade: With me, my dearest Son, comply, And do not proudly soar too high: And keep not in the middle Way: Who singe their Wings with heav’nly Fire; Amidst their glorious Hopes expire: Or with a base and groveling Mind Are to the Clods of Earth confin’d.
To the Learn’d and Ingenious Dr. Musgraveof Exeter
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Those who like me their Gratitude would show, Are griev’d to think they still must owe: Be still oblig’d, and never know the way The smallest part of the vast Sum to pay: A Sum beyond th’ Arithmetick of Thought, And which does daily higher rise: To be your Debtor is no more my Fault, The hole that I can give, will not suffice: I am too poor Returns to make, Unless you’ll Thanks as a Requital take: Thanks are the whole that I can bring: My Muse shall of Your wondrous Bounty sing; Your gen’rous Temper to the World make known, That gen’rous Temper you’ve so often shown, And which I still must with the highest Praises own.
Solitude
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Happy are they who when alone Can with themselves converse; Who to their Thoughts are so familiar grown, That with Delight in some obscure Recess, They cou’d with silent Joy think all their Hours away, And still think on, till the confining Clay Fall off, and nothing’s left behind Of drossy Earth, nothing to clog the Mind, Or hinder its Ascent to those bright Forms above, Those glorious Beings whose exalted Sense Transcends the highest Flights of human Wit; Who with SeraphickArdor fir’d, And with a Passion more intense Than Mortal Beauty e’er inspir’d; With all th’ endearing Extasies of Love, Will to their blest Society again The long lost Wand’rers admit, Where freed from all their former Pain, And cleans’d from ev’ry Stain, They bask with Pleasure in eternal Day, And grow as pure, and as refin’d as they.
On the Death of my dear Daughter Eliza Maria Chudleigh:
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Marissa.0 my Lucinda!0 my dearest Friend! Must my Affiictions never, never End! Has Heav’n for me no Pity left in Store, Must I!0 must I ne’er be happy more, Philinda’sLoss had almost broke my Heart, From her, Alas! I did but lately part: And must there still be new Occasions found To try my Patience, and my Soul to wound? Must my lov’d Daughter too be snatch’d away, Must she so soon the Call of Fate obey? In her first Dawn, replete with youthful Charms,
The Resolve
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

For what the World admires I’ll wish no more, Nor court that airy nothing of a Name: Such flitting Shadows let the Proud adore, Let them be Suppliants for an empty Fame. If Reason rules within, and keeps the Throne, While the inferior Faculties obey, And all her Laws without Reluctance own, Accounting none more fit, more just than they. If Virtue my free Soul unsully’d keeps, Exempting it from Passion and from Stain: If no black guilty Thoughts disturb my Sleeps, And no past Crimes my vext Remembrance pain. If, tho’ I Pleasure find in living here, I yet can look on Death without Surprize: If I’ve a Soul above the Reach of Fear, And which will nothing mean or sordid prize. A Soul, which cannot be depress’d by Grief, Nor too much rais’d by the sublimest Joy; Which can, when troubled, give it self Relief, And to Advantage all its Thoughts employ.
The Inquiry
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

A Dialogue between Cleantheand Marissa Cleanthe.Tell me, Marissa,by what Rule May I judge who’s the greatest Fool? Is’t he, that in pursuit of Wealth, Neglects his Ease, neglects his Health, And void of Rest, and full of Care, Becomes a Slave to his next Heir; To him, who does his Thrift despise, And from him with Abhorrence flies: And when he’s dead, with eager haste Will soon his ill-got Riches waste? Or he, who seeks in bloody Wars, For Fame, and honourable Scars? For Fame, that idle, useless Toy, Which Fools can give, and Fools destroy! Or is’t the Man, who dully grave, Is to his Books a willing Slave? Who, if he has the Classicks read, And talk’d with all the mighty dead; Knows the much fam’d Atomick Dance And all the wondrous Works of Chance; What Particles form th’ active Fire, And what the wat’ry Parts require; Which constitute th’Earth, and which th’Air, Which th’ /asop’sForm, and which the Fair, Which make the Fools, and which the Wise, And where the grand Distinction lies.
To the Queen’smost Excellent Majesty
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

When Heav’n designs some wondrous Prince to raise, Deserving Empire and eternal Praise; It chuses one of an illustrious Line, In whom Hereditary Graces shine: Who good and great by his Descent is made, And by the Rules of native Honour sway’d: Him it exposes to th’ Insults of Fate, To all the Blows of Malice and of Hate, Before it raises him to an exalted State. The pious Trojan,its peculiar Care, Did num’rous Hardships, num’rous Trials bear; Ten thousand Toils with Patience he sustain’d, Before he undisturb’d in Latiumreign’d: To pains inur’d, with Disappointments crost, Wan’dring thro’ Flames, on mounting Surges tost: Suff’rings and War to Grandeur led the Way, And fitted him for independent Sway.