bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der österreichische Strafvollzug während der Pandemie – Massive Einschränkungen, aber keine dauerhaften Veränderungen
Authors: Bruckmüller Karin , Hammerschick Walter
Published: September 2022

In Pandemiezeiten stellt sich der Strafvollzug als besonders vulnerabler Bereich dar: Viele Menschen auf engem, geschlossenem Raum, von denen viele noch dazu aufgrund gesundheitlicher Belastungen Hochrisikogruppen zuzuordnen sind. Dem Schutz der Gesundheit der InsassInnen, wie auch der MitarbeiterInnen wurde von der österreichischen Vollzugsverwaltung oberste Priorität zuerkannt. Zentrale Strategien in diesem Sinne waren die weitgehende Abschottung des Strafvollzugs von der Außenwelt und die Beschränkung der Aktivitäten im Vollzug auf das Notwendigste. Auf Maßnahmen zur langfristigen Reduktion der zu hohen Haftzahlen in Österreich, konnte oder wollte sich der Gesetzgeber nicht durchringen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet den Umgang der österreichischen Justiz mit der Pandemie im Strafvollzug und den dort beobachteten Entwicklungen.
Should Catcalling be punishable? Zur strafrechtlichen Relevanz sexuell konnotierter Äußerungen
Authors: Windsberger Alexandra
Published: September 2022

Eine Petition, die über 67.000 Unterschriften zählt, fordert, dass „Catcalling“ in Deutschland zukünftig bestraft wird. Sexuell konnotierte Äußerungen in der Öffentlichkeit seien nicht als missglückter Flirtversuch, sondern als strafbedürftiges Unrecht zu werten. Nur weil das Strafgesetzbuch insoweit zwar eine Regelungslücke enthält, ist damit jedoch noch nicht gesagt, wann und warum im Kontext von belästigenden, sexistischen und geschmacklosen Äußerungen die Fixierung von Kriminalität angebracht und sinnvoll ist. Die Implementierung des französischen Pendants, welches Catcalling mit einem Bußgeld belegt, könnte zwar als Kompromiss fungieren, wäre aber zugleich mit schwerwiegenden, dogmatischen Einwänden konfrontiert. Wenn es im Kern um eine Ehrverletzung geht, könnte die Norm des § 185 StGB eine Lösung de lege lata zulassen, um für gravierende Herabwürdigungen Rechtssicherheit zu schaffen, ohne zugleich den verfassungsmäßig vorgegebenen Rahmen sinnvollen Kriminalstrafrechts zu überdehnen.
Apokryphe Haftpraxis – Konstruktion der Strafverteidigung oder Nachweis apokrypher Motivation als Ausdruck sozialpsychologischer Phänomene im Strafverfahren?
Authors: Poplat Tim
Published: September 2022

Apokryphe Haftgründe im Strafverfahren sind nicht neu. Das schwindende Interesse an einer dogmatischen Auseinandersetzung schon. Bisweilen entsteht der Eindruck, es sei alles gesagt. Analysiert man die bisherigen strafrechtswissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen, dann stellt man fest, dass apokryphe Haftgründe regelmäßig einzelfallbezogen diskutiert werden, sich der Erkenntnisgewinn allein von diesen ableitet. Problematisch ist jedoch, dass sich anhand eben dieser spezifischen Einzelfälle nicht per se, oder nur sehr selten, Rückschlüsse auf ein strafverfahrensrechtliches Gesamtproblem schließen lassen. Sofern man nicht möchte, dass die Diskussion um apokryphe Haftgründe verstummt, ist ein Umdenken notwendig: Die Diskussion muss sich vom Einzelfall lösen und den Zusammenhang zwischen apokryphen Haftgründen und sozialpsychologischen Phänomenen im Strafverfahren erkennen und behandeln. Dieser Beitrag bietet hierzu erste Ansätze.
Effects of Methamphetamine and Narcotics on Sexual High-Risk Behaviors
Authors: Lotfi Kashani Farah , Vaziri Shahram , Vaziri Arash
Published: September 2022

Background: Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant. Narcotics also reduce anxiety and aggression and create a kind of euphoria. These characteristics provide a special attraction for the abuse of these substances for sexual behaviors, and by that, high-risk sexual behaviors. Objectives: The current research intended to compare the impact of methamphetamine and narcotics on sexual high-risk behaviors. Patients and Methods: This comparative study was performed on 91 men (49 amphetamine and 42 narcotics abusers) from the patients of Yareegar Clinic in Tehran, Iran, within 2019 - 2021. A substance-influenced sexual behavior questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that the use of amphetamine and narcotics affect on sexual desire, function, and sexual pleasure (P < 0.001). The investigation of behaviors in the two groups showed significant differences between the two groups in increasing sexual desire, sexual pleasure, desire for sex in anonymous situations, and intimacy and eroticism in a relationship and reducing the negative emotional consequences of sexual behavior (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of amphetamines can provide a vicious cycle of arousal-desire by desire and intensification of sexual behaviors, thereby increasing the likelihood of the occurrence and spread of infectious disorders, a phenomenon that is also observed in the use of narcotics. By training sexual skills and making individuals more efficient and cognitive, they can be prevented from entering the aforementioned cycle.
Palekh artist I. I. Golikov and his design of the book "The Word about Igor's Regiment": on the issue of Creative Borrowings
Authors: Lavrov Dmitrii Evgen'evich
Published: September 2022

The subject of the study is the analysis of illustrations created by the Palekh artist Ivan Ivanovich Golikov for the "Words about Igor's Regiment" – the largest monument of book graphics of Palekh art. The background, the reasons for giving I. I. Golikov an order to illustrate the book by the publishing house "Academia", the progress of I. I. Golikov's work on its implementation, as well as the impression that this publication made on customers and Soviet society are revealed in detail. The purpose of the article is, in addition to showing the possibility of fruitful work of a miniature artist in the field of art that is not related to the traditional lacquer miniature for Palekh, to analyze the creative method of I. I. Golikov when working on the illustration of this publication. Using the method of comparative analysis, as well as historical-systemic and iconographic research methods, the author at the same time focuses on the qualities of I. I. Golikov as an innovator and experimenter in art, which predetermined both the order for the illustration of the "Word" to this particular Palekh master, and the grandiose success that fell to the share of this book edition. It is in the study of these innovative qualities of I. I. Golikov, who is trying to "get away" from the stylistics of the lacquer miniature in his work on the publication "Words", that the scientific novelty of the study consists. The main conclusion of the article is the statement about the universality of I. I. Golikov as an artist, which allowed him to illustrate the publication "Words about Igor's Regiment", which immediately after its release became a universally recognized masterpiece of the art of Soviet book graphics.
Continuity of the choreographic tradition of the Mariinsky Theatre and the Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet
Authors: Kopunova Kseniya Sergeevna
Published: September 2022

This article is devoted to continuity in choreographic education. The novelty of the research is due to the fact that an attempt has been made to show the continuity of the choreographic tradition of the Mariinsky Theater and the Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet in a comparative aspect. The author also examines the term "continuity" in an educational perspective, explaining the importance of this aspect in the formation of the personality of a ballet dancer. The historical moments concerning the preservation of pedagogical traditions, as well as modern issues of an educational nature are considered. The author focuses on the connection between the learning process and stage practice on the example of choreography by M. I. Petipa. The importance of this research is expressed in the uniqueness of this choreographic direction in a comparative aspect and the emergence of a new paradigm, which includes the development of new mechanisms to ensure the educational process. This article is devoted to continuity in choreographic education. The novelty of the research is due to the fact that an attempt has been made to show the continuity of the choreographic tradition of the Mariinsky Theater and the Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet in a comparative aspect. The author also considers the term "continuity" in an educational perspective, with an explanation of the importance of this aspect in the formation of the personality of a ballet dancer. The historical moments concerning the preservation of pedagogical traditions, as well as modern issues of an educational nature are considered. The author focuses on the connection between the learning process and stage practice on the example of choreography by M. I. Petipa. The importance of this research is expressed in the uniqueness of this choreographic direction in a comparative aspect and the emergence of a new paradigm, which includes the development of new mechanisms to ensure the educational process.
Features of the poetics of the medieval collection of prose "Roman Deeds" (studying a new book by Svetlana Neretina "No word is better than another". Philosophy and Literature")
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: September 2022

The article offers an analysis of the poetics of the collection of prose "Roman Deeds", which the author considers as an addition to the study of S.S. Neretina. First, the methodology of studying medieval texts, which is discussed in the "Preface" to the book, is briefly characterized, and two stories from the collection are given as cases. Neretina argues that the "Roman Acts" expresses the world of medieval culture and within it the reality of statements relating to philosophy and what we could call medieval art. The mechanism of creating short stories from the "Roman Acts" is analyzed, including, firstly, a statement beginning with a sound, opening the way to meaning and things, secondly, the disclosure of the hidden as a creation of an independent reality (science, art, etc.), thirdly, the use of tropes in the course of constructing a multi-valued medieval reality.   The author shows that the picture drawn by Neretina well explains the ambiguity of reality, which is important for medieval thinking, however, the explanation of the features of the content of the stories of the "Roman Deeds" is not understood by her on the basis of the picture drawn in the "Preface"; they are interpreted from the point of view of the structure of medieval culture. Then the author discusses the concepts of reality and ambiguity that aroused his interest. At the same time, he already uses his own ideas obtained in the analysis of art. The author explains the differences in the interpretation of the "Roman Acts" by the discrepancy of discourses and views of researchers, which, in his opinion, is completely normal and serves for the benefit of thinking.
Diffusion Weighted Imaging versus Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Imaging Sequences in Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of Brain: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kumar KR Manohar , Jamwal Rupi , Kumar Mohan
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Based on the literature, Contrast-enhanced T1-Weighted (CE T1WI) imaging sequence is considered as the gold standard radiological marker of active inflammatory demyelinating diseases of brain. However, administration of gadolinium based contrast agents is not always possible due to various comorbidities that the patient may suffer from, such as chronic kidney disease or contrast allergy. Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) may potentially play a role in identifying disease activity in such cases without the need for intravenous administration of contrast. Aim: To compare signal intensity of lesions in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of brain on DWI with the status of enhancement on CE T1WI. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted for two years from June 2015 to June 2017 among patients in the age group of two to 50 years presenting with clinicoradiological features of inflammatory demyelinating diseases in the Department of Radiodiagnosis in collaboration with Department of Neurology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain was done using different imaging sequences such as T1-Weighted Imaging (T1WI), T2-Weighted Imaging (T2WI), Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), DWI, CE T1WI and were analysed for the lesions of demyelinating diseases. The signal intensity of demyelinating lesions on DWI were assessed against Contrast Enhancement on CE T1W1 imaging. Validity measures were estimated using appropriate formulae. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel software and qualitative variables were assessed for significance using Fisher’s-exact test. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy were assessed. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18.0. Results: There were a total of 73 contrast enhancement lesions. DWI hyperintensity showed 100% sensitivity, 60.9% specificity, positive predictive value of 84.7% and negative predictive value of 100% with accuracy of 87.7% whereas diffusion restriction showed 100% specificity, 12% sensitivity, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 34.3% with accuracy of 39.7%. Conclusion: Hence, hyperintense lesions in DWI can be considered as a better screening tool and diffusion restriction can be considered as a diagnostic tool in active phase of inflammatory demyelinating diseases of brain, when compared to CE T1WI sequence.
Constellation of Imaging Findings in Neurofibromatosis Type 2- A Case Report
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Awal Guneet , Kaur Parmeet
Published: September 2022

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), earlier known as bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis, is an autosomal dominant disorder considered by the development of multiple tumours. It is caused by mutations in NF2 gene present at the long arm of chromosome number 22 (22q12.2) which encodes for merlin protein (tumour suppressor gene), found in the schwann cells involved in interaction of cell with extracellular matrix after binding with actin or a transmembrane CD44 receptor. NF2 is commonly known by acronym MISME syndrome that stands for Multiple Inherited Schwannomas (MIS), Meningiomas (M) and Ependymomas (E). The diagnosis of NF2 is usually made with the help of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the second or third decade of life, with a peak in the 20s. Along with all these, there should be a first degree relative suffering from NF2. The authors presented a case of 18-year-old boy who was diagnosed with NF2. MRI played a major role in the diagnosis. The patient was managed with symptomatic treatment and is on regular follow-up.
Operating Room Lockers and Gender Equity in the Surgical Workforce
Authors: Mudgway Ross , Hariri Sharona , Olmedo-Temich Luis , Lee Sophia , Wu Esther , Namm Jukes P. , Lum Sharon S.
Published: September 2022

This study assesses gender parity in operating room locker room conditions.
Bihormonal Artificial Pancreas With Closed-Loop Glucose Control vs Current Diabetes Care After Total Pancreatectomy
Authors: van Veldhuisen Charlotte L. , Latenstein Anouk E. J. , Blauw Helga , Vlaskamp Lyan B. , Klaassen Michel , Lips Daan J. , Bonsing Bert A. , van der Harst Erwin , Stommel Martijn W. J. , Bruno Marco J. , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , van Eijck Casper H. J. , van Dieren Susan , Busch Olivier R. , Besselink Marc G. , DeVries J. Hans ,   Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group, Siegelaar Sarah E. , de Vries Ralph
Published: September 2022

Importance

Glucose control in patients after total pancreatectomy is problematic because of the complete absence of α- and β-cells, leading to impaired quality of life. A novel, bihormonal artificial pancreas (BIHAP), using both insulin and glucagon, may improve glucose control, but studies in this setting are lacking.

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of the BIHAP in patients after total pancreatectomy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized crossover clinical trial compared the fully closed-loop BIHAP with current diabetes care (ie, insulin pump or pen therapy) in 12 adult outpatients after total pancreatectomy. Patients were recruited between August 21 and November 16, 2020. This first-in-patient study began with a feasibility phase in 2 patients. Subsequently, 12 patients were randomly assigned to 7-day treatment with the BIHAP (preceded by a 5-day training period) followed by 7-day treatment with current diabetes care, or the same treatments in reverse order. Statistical analysis was by Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests, with significance set at a 2-sided P < .05.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the percentage of time spent in euglycemia (70-180 mg/dL [3.9-10 mmol/L]) as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring.

Results

In total, 12 patients (7 men and 3 women; median [IQR] age, 62.5 [43.1-74.0] years) were randomly assigned, of whom 3 did not complete the BIHAP phase and 1 was replaced. The time spent in euglycemia was significantly higher during treatment with the BIHAP (median, 78.30%; IQR, 71.05%-82.61%) than current diabetes care (median, 57.38%; IQR, 52.38%-81.35%; P = .03). In addition, the time spent in hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) was lower with the BIHAP (median, 0.00% [IQR, 0.00%-0.07%] vs 1.61% [IQR, 0.80%-3.81%]; P = .004). No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions and Relevance

Patients using the BIHAP after total pancreatectomy experienced an increased percentage of time in euglycemia and a reduced percentage of time in hypoglycemia compared with current diabetes care, without apparent safety risks. Larger randomized trials, including longer periods of treatment and an assessment of quality of life, should confirm these findings.

Trial Registration

trialregister.nl Identifier: NL8871
Development of Plasma Parameters for the Manufacture of MCrAlY Bond Coats by Low‐Pressure Plasma Spraying Using a Cascaded Torch
Authors: Mauer Georg
Published: September 2022

MCrAlY bond coats (MNi, Co) for thermal barrier coating systems are often manufactured by low‐pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) to achieve dense coatings with low oxygen uptake at high deposition efficiencies. Herein, the novel SinplexPro 03C plasma spray torch (Oerlikon Metco) is characterized regarding this application, and appropriate process parameters are developed. The mass‐specific plasma enthalpy and the hydrogen–argon plasma gas ratio prove to be substantial factors. The best deposition efficiency and lowest porosity are achieved at a mass‐specific plasma enthalpy between 17 and 19 MJ kg−1. The oxygen content increases degressively with the enthalpy. Already at small hydrogen fractions in the plasma gas, a fast route is established for the recombination of argon ions. Consequently, the thermal treatment of the feedstock is improved. Moreover, the porosity decreases at increasing hydrogen content of the plasma gas, as the gun is operated in constant current mode and thus the input power increases. However, the deposition efficiency decreases slightly. On the other hand, the oxygen content decreases due to the reducing effect of hydrogen. The deposition efficiency, porosity, and oxygen content are also reasonable if no hydrogen is admixed at all, as the fluctuations of the plasma are reduced.
Quasi‐Continuous Tuning of Carrier Polarity in Monolayered Molybdenum Dichalcogenides through Substitutional Vanadium Doping
Authors: Zhang Lili , Wang Zhe , Zhang Junwei , Chen Bin , Liang Zhaoming , Quan Xiangning , Dai Yudi , Huang Junfeng , Wang Yantao , Liang Shi‐Jun , Long Mingsheng , Si Mingsu , Miao Feng , Peng Yong
Published: September 2022

Semiconducting 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) with tunable electronic properties are a fundamental prerequisite for the development of next generation advanced electronic/optoelectronic devices. However, controllable and quasi‐continuous tuning carrier polarity of monolayered MoS2 ranging from intrinsic n‐type to p‐type via ambipolarity still remains a challenge. Herein, quasi‐continuous tailoring of carrier polarity of monolayered MoS2 through substitutional doping of molybdenum (Mo) with vanadium (V) atoms is presented. Atomic distribution in real space characterized by spherical aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs‐STEM) reveals that the V atoms randomly substitute Mo in monolayered MoS2, and its doping concentration can be tuned in a wide range from 0.7 to ≈10 at.%. Electrical measurements confirm that the carrier polarity of the monolayered MoS2 can be tuned from intrinsic n‐type to p‐type via ambipolarity depending on the V doping degree, consistent with the density functional theory calculations. Moreover, this doping strategy is demonstrated to extend to other monolayered 2D TMDs by using MoSe2 as a model material, owing to a good universality.
Reversibly Controlled Ternary Polar States and Ferroelectric Bias Promoted by Boosting Square‐Tensile‐Strain
Authors: Lee Jun Han , Duong Nguyen Xuan , Jung Min‐Hyoung , Lee Hyun‐Jae , Kim Ahyoung , Yeo Youngki , Kim Junhyung , Kim Gye‐Hyeon , Cho Byeong‐Gwan , Kim Jaegyu , Naqvi Furqan Ul Hassan , Bae Jong‐Seong , Kim Jeehoon , Ahn Chang Won , Kim Young‐Min , Song Tae Kwon , Ko Jae‐Hyeon , Koo Tae‐Yeong , Sohn Changhee , Park Kibog , Yang Chan‐Ho , Yang Sang Mo , Lee Jun Hee , Jeong Hu Young , Kim Tae Heon , Oh Yoon Seok
Published: September 2022

Interaction between dipoles often emerges intriguing physical phenomena, such as exchange bias in the magnetic heterostructures and magnetoelectric effect in multiferroics, which lead to advances in multifunctional heterostructures. However, the defect‐dipole tends to be considered the undesired to deteriorate the electronic functionality. Here, deterministic switching between the ferroelectric and the pinched states by exploiting a new substrate of cubic perovskite, BaZrO3 is reported, which boosts the square‐tensile‐strain to BaTiO3 and promotes four‐variants in‐plane spontaneous polarization with oxygen vacancy creation. First‐principles calculations propose a complex of an oxygen vacancy and two Ti3+ ions coins a charge‐neutral defect‐dipole. Cooperative control of the defect‐dipole and the spontaneous polarization reveals ternary in‐plane polar states characterized by biased/pinched hysteresis loops. Furthermore, it is experimentally demonstrated that three electrically controlled polar‐ordering states lead to switchable and nonvolatile dielectric states for application of nondestructive electro‐dielectric memory. This discovery opens a new route to develop functional materials via manipulating defect‐dipoles and offers a novel platform to advance heteroepitaxy beyond the prevalent perovskite substrates.
Dynamic Modulation of Phase Transition by External Strain Engineering in Quasi‐van der Waals Epitaxial VO2 Films on Fluorophlogopite
Authors: Wang Lulu , Shao Zewei , Li Qiang , Liu Jianjun , Yang Chang , Jin Ping , Cao Xun
Published: September 2022

Unique metal–insulator transition behaviors of strongly correlated electronic materials, vanadium dioxide (VO2), and their wide potential applications have gained much attention for investigation. In this research, high‐quality epitaxial films of VO2 (020) are directly grown on fluorophlogopite (001) substrates, and the relationship between phase‐transition temperature and external strains is revealed. After verifying the like‐freestanding property and low intrinsic resistance changing of VO2/fluorophlogopite, variable phase‐transition temperatures under different external strains with a tuning rate of 5.37 K per 0.1% strain are obtained. Based on experimental results and theoretical calculation, it is speculated that lattice constant and bandgap between d// and π * are strongly affected by the external strains, which allow for more effective dynamic modulation of phase‐transition process. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of strain engineering on phase‐transition properties and also broadens the possibility of potential applications of certain optoelectronic devices for strain modulation.
Versatile Micro and Nano Patterning Technique for TiO2 and TiN‐Based Sol–Gel Thin Films
Authors: Valour Arnaud , Hochedel Marion , Royon Maxime , Higuita Maria Alejandra Usuga , Crespo‐Monteiro Nicolas , Jourlin Yves
Published: September 2022

This paper describes a tailored and versatile technology route to achieve micro and nanopatterning of both TiO2 and TiN thin films using a direct photo patternable sol–gel approach combined with a rapid thermal annealing and nitridation process. The approach consists in multi‐scale structuring TiO2 using laser direct writing or mask/colloidal lithography on a wide range of substrates including materials and of diverse geometry. These patterned TiO2 layers can subsequently be converted into a micro‐structured metallic TiN layer using a direct rapid thermal nitridation process that results in metallic thin films (TiN). This work demonstrates the versatility of this complete chain of soft chemistry based new process for patterning TiO2 and TiN thin films thereby avoiding expensive processes such as etching and lift‐off, while preserving their diffractive properties and high thermal stability, that is, up to 1000 °C under vacuum. The process is compatible with different kinds of substrates of different shapes and sizes. These results pave the way for developing a cost‐effective and time‐saving approach to different cutting‐edge applications such as metasurfaces, sensors, and applications in the luxury and decoration sector.
Fabrication of Discontinuous Dendritic CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Microdisk Arrays for Microlasers
Authors: Guo Junhan , Tang Yang , Li Longtao , Liu Bin , Li Ling , Meng Fanwen , Qin Liang , Deng Zhenbo , Cui Qiuhong , Lou Zhidong , Hu Yufeng , Teng Feng , Hou Yanbing
Published: September 2022

Methylammonium (CH3NH2, MA) lead halide single crystals have attracted attention due to their excellent properties, such as tunable bandgap, high absorption efficiency, long carrier diffusion length, low non‐radiative recombination rate, high gain efficiency, and ultra‐low trap state density. However, excellent methylammonium lead bromine (MAPbBr3) microdisk laser arrays reported at present mainly rely on nanoimprint or inkjet printing technology, which highly depends on the equipment. Herein, an approach to prepare high‐quality MAPbBr3 microdisk arrays is developed in which well‐aligned microdisk arrays grow via partial dissolution and recrystallization of dendrites induced by Marangoni flow in a solution self‐assembly growth process. On the same dendrite, the growth direction of the microdisk crystals is highly consistent, and the crystal size distribution is uniform. Besides, the MAPbBr3 microdisks show excellent laser performance with a low threshold of 43.3 µJ cm−2 and a high Q factor (Q = 2072). The small volume and high‐quality square MAPbBr3 perovskite microdisks have great potential in the application of integrated photoelectric lasers.
Gold‐Catalyzed Bidirectional Access to Planar Heptacyclic Benzobispyrido[1,2‐a]indoles and Benzobispyrrolo[1,2‐a]Quinolines for Materials Science
Authors: Heckershoff Robin , Eberle Lukas , May Garrett , Krämer Petra , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: September 2022

Our recently developed gold‐catalyzed synthesis of indolo[1,2‐a]quinolines was successfully expanded towards bidirectional approaches, enabling access to two heptacyclic structural motifs. In the case of benzobispyrido[1,2‐a]indoles, previously inaccessible modifications of the only known representative were made possible. In addition, the synthesis of a new class of nitrogen‐containing heptacycles – namely benzobispyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinolines – was achieved by applying alkynylated benzodipyrrole derivatives as starting materials. All new compounds alongside with their corresponding precursors were fully characterized and their properties were investigated by X‐ray crystallography, photophysical measurements and computational methods. The study revealed important structure‐effect relationships between the solid‐state structures and the observed photophysical properties, e. g. aggregation‐induced emission and solid‐state fluorescence.

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Single Photon Kilohertz Frame Rate Imaging of Neural Activity
Authors: Tian Tian , Yuan Yifang , Mitra Srinjoy , Gyongy Istvan , Nolan Matthew F.
Published: September 2022

Establishing the biological basis of cognition and its disorders will require high precision spatiotemporal measurements of neural activity. Recently developed genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) report both spiking and subthreshold activity of identified neurons. However, maximally capitalizing on the potential of GEVIs will require imaging at millisecond time scales, which remains challenging with standard camera systems. Here, application of single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) sensors is reported to image neural activity at kilohertz frame rates. SPADs are electronic devices that when activated by a single photon cause an avalanche of electrons and a large electric current. An array of SPAD sensors is used to image individual neurons expressing the GEVI Voltron‐JF525‐HTL. It is shown that subthreshold and spiking activity can be resolved with shot noise limited signals at frame rates of up to 10 kHz. SPAD imaging is able to reveal millisecond scale synchronization of neural activity in an ex vivo seizure model. SPAD sensors may have widespread applications for investigation of millisecond timescale neural dynamics.
Adaptable and Wearable Thermocell Based on Stretchable Hydrogel for Body Heat Harvesting
Authors: Xu Cheng , Sun Yong , Zhang Junji , Xu Wei , Tian He
Published: September 2022

The application of traditional inorganic thermoelectric materials to wearable energy harvesters has been hindered by the rigid bulkiness, while flexible organic conductive polymers have been long troubled by their intrinsic low thermopower. An ideal solution that possesses the merits of the two thermoelectric materials is desperately needed for practical application. Here it is demonstrated that a polyacrylamide (PAAm)‐based ultra‐stretchable hydrogel can be selected as a superior candidate matrix for flexible and stretchable thermocells to adapt to the curved surface of the human body and deformation of the ankle. Fe(ClO4)3/Fe(ClO4)2 is selected as n‐type ion pair for their comparable thermoelectric performance to K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6]. The p‐n pair hydrogel electrolytes show a voltage output of 29 mV and current output of 8.5 Am−2 with an average maximum power density of 0.66 mW K−2 m−2 for each p‐n cell (ΔT = 10 K). By integrating with the graphite paper electrode, a body‐conformal and portable thermocell device, employing the hydrogel electrolytes, is fabricated and reached a voltage output of 0.16 V with 14 pairs of p‐n cells (ΔT = 4.1 K). This commercially‐effective blueprint demonstrates the bright future of hydrogel‐based ionic thermocell in daily wearable scenarios.
Meerwein‐type Bromoarylation with Arylthianthrenium Salts
Authors: Cai Yuan , Ritter Tobias
Published: September 2022

Herein, we report a photocatalyzed Meerwein‐type bromoarylation of alkenes with stable arylthianthrenium salts, formed by site‐selective C−H thianthrenation. This protocol can be applied to late‐stage functionalization of a variety of biomolecules that are difficult to access by other aryl coupling reagents. Halogen introduction allows for a variety of follow‐up transformations, affording numerous biologically active skeletons.
Site Specific Preparation of N‐Glycosylated Peptides: Thioamide‐Directed Activation of Aspartate
Authors: Taresh Ameer B. , Hutton Craig A.
Published: September 2022

A site‐specific method for the preparation of N‐glycosylated peptides is described. Incorporation of a peptide backbone thioamide linkage adjacent to an Asp residue facilitates a AgI‐promoted, site‐specific conversion to N‐glycosylated Asn residues in peptides.
Single‐Product Faradaic Efficiency for Electrocatalytic of CO2 to CO at Current Density Larger than 1.2 A cm−2 in Neutral Aqueous Solution by a Single‐Atom Nanozyme
Authors: Huang Jia‐Run , Qiu Xiao‐Feng , Zhao Zhen‐Hua , Zhu Hao‐Lin , Liu Yan‐Chen , Shi Wen , Liao Pei‐Qin , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: September 2022

Electroreduction of CO2 to CO is a promising approach for the cycling use of CO2, while it still suffers from impractical current density and durability. Here we report a single‐atom nanozyme (Ni−N5−C) that achieves industrial‐scale performance for CO2‐to‐CO conversion with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) exceeded 97 % over −0.8–−2.4 V vs. RHE. The current density at −2.4 V vs. RHE reached a maximum of 1.23 A cm−2 (turnover frequency of 69.7 s−1) with an FE of 99.6 %. No obvious degradation was observed over 100 hours of continuous operation. Compared with the planar Ni−N4 site, the square‐pyramidal Ni−N5 site has an increase and a decrease in the
and dxz/yz orbital energy levels, respectively, as revealed by density functional theory calculations. Thus, the Ni−N5 catalytic site is more superior to activate CO2 molecule and reduce the energy barriers as well as promote the CO desorption, thus boosting the kinetic activation process and catalytic activity.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Ultrathin Nanosheets for Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalytic CO2Reduction
Authors: Yu Baoqiu , Meng Ting , Ding Xu , Liu Xiaolin , Wang Hailong , Chen Baotong , Zheng Tianyu , Li Wen , Zeng Qingdao , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: September 2022

Post‐modification of robust guanine‐quadruplex‐linked 2,2′‐pyridine‐containing HOF‐25 with Ni(ClO4)2 ⋅ 6 H2O followed by exfoliation using sonication method affords hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) nanosheets (NSs) of HOF‐25‐Ni in the yield of 56 %. TEM and AFM technologies disclose the ultrathin nature of HOF‐25‐Ni NSs with thickness of 4.4 nm. STM observation determines the presence ofsqlsegments assembled from HOF‐25‐Ni building blocks at the heptanoic acid/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface, supporting the simulated 2D supramolecular framework. ICP‐MS, XAS, and XPS data prove the successful immobilization of atomic nickel sites on the 20 % total 2,2′‐pyridine moieties in crystalline HOF‐25‐Ni. With the aid of [Ru(bpy)3]2+and triisopropanolamine, 10 wt% HOF‐25‐Ni NSs dispersed on graphene oxide efficiently promotes visible‐light‐driven CO2reduction, showing a 96.3 % CO selectivity with a prominent conversion rate up to 24 323 μmol g−1 h−1.
Understanding the Nature and Strength of Noncovalent Face‐to‐Face Arene–Fullerene Interactions
Authors: Yamada Michio , Kurihara Yukiyo , Koizumi Masaaki , Tsuji Kasumi , Maeda Yutaka , Suzuki Mitsuaki
Published: September 2022

Face‐to‐face noncovalent arene−fullerene interactions are important in several research fields such as synthetic chemistry, materials chemistry, and medicinal chemistry; however, their nature and strength are still poorly understood. In this study, we prepare a fullerene‐based torsion balance containing thioanisole, phenol, naphthalene, azulene, and pyrene moieties as a unimolecular model system. Moreover, we compare the folding free energies between the folded and the unfolded conformers of a series of the molecular torsion balances to quantify noncovalent interactions between arenes and the fullerene surface. This work demonstrates that the contributions of polarizabilities, anionic charges, electronic dipole moments, and the number of arene rings to the interactions can be experimentally measured by analyzing the folding equilibrium of the molecular torsion balances.
Application of Hydrogels as Carrier in Tumor Therapy: A Review
Authors: Zhang Ziwen , Wang Jinxia , Xia Wei , Cao Dongmiao , Wang Xingyan , Kuang Yunqi , Luo Yu , Yuan Chunping , Lu Jie , Liu Xijian
Published: September 2022

Cancer is one of the most intractable diseases in the world because of its high recurrence rate, high metastasis rate and high lethality rate. Traditional chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery have unsatisfactory therapeutic effects and cause many severe side effects at the same time. Hydrogel is a new type of biomaterial with the advantages of good biocompatibility and easy degradation, which can be used as a carrier of functional nanomaterials for tumor therapy. Herein, we represent the progress of hydrogels with different skeletons and their application as carrier in tumor treatment. The hydrogels are listed as polyethylene glycol‐based hydrogels, chitosan‐based hydrogels, peptide‐based hydrogels, hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogels, steroid‐based hydrogels and other hydrogels by skeletons, and their properties, modifications and toxicities were introduced. Some representative applications of combined hydrogels with nanomaterial for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy and synergistic therapy are highlighted.
Electronic property of alkoxo‐bridged tetranuclear Fe(II) cluster and CO2 hydrogenation reactivity
Authors: Yang Hyoyi , Kim Jihyun , Lee Wonjung , Lee Junseong , Seo Junhyeok
Published: September 2022

Here we report on the synthesis of tetranuclear Fe(II) cluster [Fe4I2(O2C14H11)6] (1) derived from a benzoin‐based scaffold. The Fe centers displayed a rhombus‐like core structure, including two types of coordination environments: trigonal bipyramid and trigonal prism. The binding energy of the trigonal prismatic Fe(II) 2p electron appeared ~1.43 eV higher than that of the trigonal bipyramidal Fe(II) 2p electron because of more Fe–O bonds. The trigonal bipyramidal Fe site exhibited stoichiometric CO2 hydrogenation reactivity with the assistance of an external Lewis basic agent.
Ultimate producer responsibility for e‐waste management–A proposal for just transition in the circular economy based on the case of used European electronic equipment exported to Nigeria
Authors: Thapa Kaustubh , Vermeulen Walter J. V. , Deutz Pauline , Olayide Olawale
Published: September 2022

Used European electric and electronic equipment (UEEE) has multiple use cycles in various countries, including Nigeria. Although the EU‐Nigeria e‐waste trade is illegal under EU and Nigerian law, previous research shows that some imported equipment is only fit for disposal. Imported UEEE has a short lifespan. Such European e‐waste exports imported to Nigeria have sustainability and circularity implications for both places and raise questions about justice and equity. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we identify existing practices and challenges in Nigeria and co‐create actionable solutions towards a sustainable, circular and fairness‐driven UEEE and e‐waste value chain. We find current extended producer responsibility (EPR) does not focus on the entire global value chain, is linear, and lacks transparency, accountability, and consideration for spatial equity. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose ultimate producer responsibility (UPR). UPR aids sustainability and circularity transition while paying attention to justice and equity. The research adds global and social dimensions to the European circular economy (CE), otherwise primarily focused on national material cycles.
Urachal carcinoma: A novel staging system utilizing the National Cancer Database
Authors: Limonnik Vladimir , Samiei Arash , Abel Stephen , Wegner Rodney E. , Vemana Goutham , Mao Shifeng S.
Published: September 2022

Background

Urachal carcinoma (UrC) is a rare, aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis that is frequently diagnosed in advanced stages. Due to its rarity, the current staging systems, namely Sheldon, Mayo, and Ontario were established based on relatively small patient cohorts, necessitating further validation. We used a large patient population from the National Cancer Database to model a novel staging system based on the Tumor (T), Node(N), and Metastasis (M) (TNM) staging system and compared it to established staging systems.

Methods

We identified patients diagnosed with UrC between the years of 2004–2016. To determine median overall survival (OS), a Kaplan–Meier (KM) curve was generated using the Sheldon, Mayo, Ontario, and TNM staging system. A cox proportional‐hazards regression model was developed to highlight predictors of overall survival.

Results

A total of 626 patients were included in the analysis. The OS for the entire cohort was 58.2 months (50.1–67.8) with survival rates at 12, 24, and 60 months of 83%, 70%, and 49%, respectively (p < 0.0001). As compared to the Sheldon, Mayo, and Ontario staging system, our TNM staging system had a more balanced sample and survival distribution per stage and no overlap among stages on KM survival curves. The Mayo, Ontario, and TNM staging systems were more accurate in terms of stage‐survival correlation than the Sheldon staging system (p < 0.05 for all stages).

Conclusions

The proposed novel TNM staging system for UrC has a more balanced sample distribution and a more accurate stage‐survival correlation than the traditional Mayo, Sheldon, and Ontario staging systems. It is clinically applicable and enables better risk stratification, prognosis, and therapeutic decision‐making.
Sex disparities in the association between acute myocardial infarction and colon cancer risk
Authors: Chou Shing‐Hsien , Lin Chia‐Pin , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Lee Ting‐Hein , Yang Chan‐Keng , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Chu Pao‐Hsien
Published: September 2022

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and colon cancer share similar risk factors. Studies have suggested an association between AMI and colon cancer; however, evidence is conflicting. Whether sex disparities exist in this association in the real world remains unknown.

Methods

In this population‐based retrospective cohort study, 94,780 and 97,987 male patients and 38,697 and 72,007 female patients with and without new‐onset AMI, respectively, from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2012, were enrolled from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance covariates across study groups. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of colon cancer.

Results

The incidence rate of colon cancer was 1.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46–1.62) and 1.40 (95% CI = 1.32–1.48) per 1000 person‐years in the male patients and 1.62 (95% CI = 1.50–1.74) and 1.22 (95% CI = 1.13–1.32) in the female patients, in the AMI and non‐AMI groups, respectively. AMI was associated with a significantly higher risk of colon cancer in the female patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.06–1.61) but not in the male patients (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.95–1.26). In the subgroup analysis, the association between AMI and colon cancer in the female patients was stronger in those aged ≥65 years (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.13–1.44).

Conclusions

An increased risk of colon cancer was observed only in the female patients with AMI. The association between AMI and colon cancer in the female patients was the most evident in those aged ≥65 years.
Ataxia due to vitamin E deficiency: A case report and updated review
Authors: Thapa Sangharsha , Shah Sangam , Chand Swati , Sah Sanjit Kumar , Gyawali Pawan , Paudel Sandip , Khanal Pitambar
Published: September 2022

Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a rare cause of hereditary ataxia in developing countries with unknown prevalence. AVED is an autosomal‐recessive disorder, which is characterized by ataxia, areflexia, and proprioceptive and vibratory sensory loss. The disease is characterized clinically by symptoms with often resembling to those of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). Vitamin E supplementation improves symptoms and prevents the progression of the disease. In this case report, we reviewed the recently updated findings in AVED in regard to the management and present a case of AVED in a 16‐year‐old boy, who was initially misdiagnosed as FRDA, prior to the genetic test.
CO2 Conversion by Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis Using Na‐Modified Fe Catalysts
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Kureti Sven
Published: September 2022

Three Fe catalysts with different Na contents were prepared, characterized, and investigated for the CO2‐based Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The FTS results clearly indicated that the selectivity towards long‐chain hydrocarbons was driven by the surface Na content, which promotes the CO dissociation and chain propagation. Additionally, it was shown that Fe3O4, Fe5C2 and Fe7C3 coexist during FTS, revealing specific catalytic activity. As a result, a tandem mechanism was suggested for the CO2 conversion, consisting in a reverse water‐gas shift on Fe3O4 followed by CO hydrogenation on the Fe carbides.
Iron‐Catalysed C(sp2)‐H Borylation with Expanded Functional Group Tolerance†
Authors: Britton Luke , Docherty Jamie H. , Nichol Gary S. , Dominey Andrew P. , Thomas Stephen P.
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Arene C(sp2)‐H bond borylation offers direct and efficient access to aryl boronic esters. Using in situ catalyst activation and photoirradiation, the iron‐catalysed C(sp2)‐H borylation reaction of carboarenes, pyrroles, and indoles has been developed using only bench‐stable pre‐catalysts and reagents. Good functional group tolerance was observed including those not reported using previous methods (ArNH2, ArOH, ArSiR3, ArP(O)(OR)2, ArC(O)NR2). Mechanistic studies revealed iron‐catalysed reductive deoxygenation, C—F protodefluorination, and a demethylation of aryl methyl ethers by C—O sigma bond hydroboration.
Highly Efficient Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of [18F]Safinamide, a Radiolabelled Anti‐Parkinsonian Drug for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Cen Peili , Ma Lijuan , Tian Mei , Zhang Xue , Zhang Qinghua , Yu Kaiwu , Zhang Hong , Gu Wangjun , He Qinggang
Published: September 2022

As an add‐on drug approved for Parkinson's disease treatment, safinamide has multiple functions, such as selective and reversible monoamine oxidase‐B inhibition, voltage‐sensitive sodium/potassium channel blockage, and glutamate release inhibition. Meanwhile, safinamide shows tremendous therapeutic potential in the context of other central nervous system diseases (e. g. ischaemic stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, etc.). In this work, [18F]safinamide, which is safinamide labelled by the positron‐emitting radionuclide [18F]fluorine, was synthesized automatically based on iodonium ylide precursors with high radiochemical yield and high molar activity. Density functional theory was applied to calculate the Gibbs free energy change during iodonium ylide‐mediated fluorination and to interpret the effect of tetraethylammonium (TEA+) as the counter cation in these reactions to improve the nucleophilicity of [18F/19F]fluoride. In addition, positron emission tomography studies on Sprague Dawley rats were carried out to determine the imaging characteristics, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the [18F]safinamide radiotracer. The results displayed the complete biodistribution of the radiotracer, especially in rat brains, and revealed that [18F]safinamide has moderate brain uptake, rapid and reversible binding kinetics, and good stability.