bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valorization of phosphate waste rocks to Ag3PO4/hydroxyapatite for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation
Authors: Labaali Zineb , Kholtei Sanaê , Naja Jamal
Published: May 2020

A silver phosphate/hydroxyapatite (Ag3PO4/HA) composite was produced from phosphate waste rocks, firstly by the valorization of these wastes to HA and then by the treatment of this prepared HA with a silver nitrate solution. A type of response surface methodology, Box–Behnken experimental design, was used to find optimum synthesis parameters (silver to HA weight ratios, calcination temperature and calcination time). The visible light photodegradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution was used as the experimental response. The analysis of variance for the results showed that silver weight ratio is the most influential parameter on photoactivity of the synthesized photocatalyst. The optimum conditions were predicted to give an RhB degradation yield of 98.609%/4 hours under visible light conditions. In this context, a Ag/HA weight ratio of 14%, a calcination temperature of 300 °C, and a calcination time of 30 min were found to be the optimum conditions. Samples synthesized under the optimum condition were characterized by the use of X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy. By comparison with pure HA, the characterization results clearly showed the successful synthesis of the Ag3PO4/HA composite.
Innovative, compact and energy-efficient biofilm process for nutrient removal from wastewater
Authors: Rathnaweera S. S. , Rusten B. , Manamperuma L. D. , Wang S. , Helland B.
Published: May 2020

Rapid population growth, industrial development and stringent demand for treatment of wastewater require developing and emerging economies to upgrade existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or planning new WWTPs. In the context of unavailability or unaffordability of land and resources for infrastructure expansion, low cost, small footprint, less energy consumption and product reuse are some of the major factors to be considered when either upgrading or designing new WWTPs in developing and emerging economies. Although the transition from activated sludge to biofilm processes has partly solved these challenges, there are innovations that can make the processes even more compact and more efficient. Newly developed CFIC (continuous flow intermittent cleaning) process is the next generation moving bed biological wastewater treatment system and is an example for addressing these issues. The CFIC pilot studies showed promising performance for biological chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen removal as well as particle separation facilitating wastewater reuse.
In Vivo Toxicity Profile of NN-32 and Nanogold Conjugated GNP-NN-32 from Indian Spectacled Cobra Venom
Authors: Attarde Saurabh S. , Pandit Sangeeta V.
Published: May 2020

Background:

NN-32 toxin, which was obtained from Naja naja venom and showed cytotoxicity
on cancer cell lines. As the toxicity of NN-32 is the main hurdle in the process of drug development;
hence, we have conjugated NN-32 toxin with gold nanoparticles (GNP-NN-32) in order to
decrease the toxicity of NN-32 without reducing its efficacy, GNP-NN-32 alleviated the toxicity of
NN-32 in in vitro studies during the course of earlier studies. In continuation, we are evaluating in vivo
toxicity profile of NN-32 and GNP-NN-32 in the present study.

Objective:

To study in vivo toxicity profile of NN-32 and nanogold conjugated GNP-NN-32 from Naja
naja venom.

Materials and Methods:

We have carried out in vivo acute toxicity study to determine LD50 dose of
GNP-NN-32, in vivo sub-chronic toxicity for 30 days, haematology, serum biochemical parameters
and histopathology study on various mice tissues and in vitro cellular and tissue toxicity studies.

Results:

The LD50 dose of GNP-NN-32 was found to be 2.58 mg/kg (i.p.) in Swiss male albino mice.
In vivo sub-chronic toxicity showed significantly reduced toxicity of GNP-NN-32 as compared to
NN-32 alone.

Discussion:

In vitro cellular toxicity studies on human lymphocyte and mouse peritoneal macrophage
showed significant inhibition of cells by NN-32 alone.

Conclusion:

Conjugated GNP-NN-32 toxin showed less in vivo toxicity as compared to pure NN-32.
Homology Modeling and Virtual Screening of Proteins Related to PXE and PXE-like Diseases: Insights for Overlapping Metabolites
Authors: Naima Jannatul , Abir Ruhshan A. , Hosen Mohammad J.
Published: May 2020

Background:

The molecular etiology of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE), an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder, has become increasingly complex as not only mutations in the ABCC6, but also in ENPP1 and GGCX, can cause resembling phenotypes.

Methods:

To get insights on the common pathway, the overlapping metabolites for these three proteins were predicted through 3D homology modeling and virtual screening. 3D homology models of ABCC6, ENPP1, and GGCX were generated by the MODELLER program, which were further validated using RAMPAGE and ERRAT servers. Substrate binding sites of ABCC6 were predicted using blind docking of reported in vitro substrates.

Results:

Virtual screening against the substrate binding site of ABCC6 using metabolites listed in Human Metabolome Databases (HMDB) revealed the best possible substrate of ABCC6. Those listed metabolites were further docked against predicted substrate binding sites of GGCX and ENPP1. Molecular docking and virtual screening revealed a list of 133 overlapping metabolites of these three proteins. Most of them are Phosphatidylinositol (PI), Phosphatidylserine (PS), Diacylglycerol (DAG), phosphatidic acid, oleanolic acid metabolites and were found to have links with calcification.

Conclusion:

These predicted overlapping metabolites may give novel insights for searching common pathomechanism for PXE and PXE-like diseases.
An UHPLC-UV Method for the Determination of Vancomycin in Human Serum
Authors: Fang Fang , Li Ning , Xu Chunli , Tan Rong , Yang Jihong , Zheng Zhichang
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To develop a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatographic
(UHPLC)-UV method for vancomycin determination in human serum for
therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Methods:

Human serum samples were precipitated with 10% perchloric acid, and the supernatant after
centrifugation was analyzed on an ACQUITY UHPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50mm, 1.7 μm) via
gradient elution with a flow rate at 0.3 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.005M
KH2PO4 buffer (containing 0.1% triethylamine, pH 3.4). The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm,
and the column temperature was set at 40°C. The total runtime was 6.0 min per analysis.

Results:

After comprehensive validation, the method was applied to determine the concentration of
vancomycin in human serum. The chromatographic peaks of vancomycin and internal standard were
not interfered by endogenous matrices. The Retention Time (RT) of vancomycin was 1.91 min, while
the internal standard was 1.58 min. The good linearity range of vancomycin concentration was 2.5-120
μg/mL (R2>0.999). The lower Limit of Quantitation (LLOQ) was 2.5 μg/mL. The precision at three
Quality Control (QC) levels (including LLOQ) was restricted within 85-115%. The extraction recovery
rate of QC samples (4.0, 20.0, and 60.0 μg/mL) were 101.16%, 97.70%, and 94.90%, respectively. Inter-
and intra-day precision was less than 8% (RSD). Stability tests under different storage conditions
were satisfactory. In patients, the concentration of vancomycin ranged from 7.30 to 89.12 μg/mL determined
by the fully validated method.

Conclusion:

The rapid sample pre-treatment procedures and short analysis time made this UHPLC-UV
method suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin.
Review on Recent Trials Evaluating the Effect of Intravitreal Injections of Anti-VEGF Agents on the Macular Perfusion of Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Elnahry Ayman G. , Abdel-Kader Ahmed A. , Habib Ahmed E. , Elnahry Gehad A. , Raafat Karim A. , Elrakhawy Khaled
Published: May 2020

Background:

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major cause of vision loss in diabetics worldwide. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have become the mainstay of treatment of vision loss due to DME. Long-term effects of these agents on the macular perfusion (MP) are a current concern.

Objective:

To review recently published studies that evaluated the effect of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents on the MP of diabetics with DME.

Methods:

Different databases were searched including PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for relevant studies published between 2010 and 2019. All studies found were compared regarding methodology and results and included in this review. Some studies relating to retinal perfusion in general and not strictly MP were also included for comprehensiveness.

Results:

Several studies utilizing different anti-VEGF agents were identified. All the large randomized controlled clinical trials identified utilized primarily fluorescein angiography (FA) and human graders and found generally no worsening of MP associated with anti-VEGF agents use in diabetic patients with DME. Some of these studies, however, depended on post-hoc analysis. Several more recent, but smaller case series, have utilized the relatively new and non-invasive optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in this evaluation and found more conflicting results.

Conclusion:

The large clinical trials recently performed depended mainly on FA in the analysis of MP changes following injections and generally found no worsening of MP. More recently, smaller case series have utilized OCTA in this analysis, yielding more conflicting results. Large randomized controlled trials using OCTA are thus needed.
Nutraceuticals: A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Framework in Different Countries of the World
Authors: Bansal Rohit , Dhiman Anju
Published: May 2020

Background:

Nutraceutical is a term that is a combination of nutrition and pharmaceutical.
They are believed to improve physical and mental health and provide therapeutic benefit in disease
conditions. Nutraceuticals are claimed to be beneficial in several disease conditions which include
cardiovascular disorder, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders and cancer prevention.

Objective:

In the current review, we will study the current regulatory framework in some of the major
countries of the world by comparing different parameters of these regulations.

Findings:

Global nutraceutical market is currently expanding at a rapid pace but there are some restraints
to the market growth which include poor quality manufacturing and unharmonized regulations
leading to trade barriers across the globe. Although there are laws and regulations in place which govern
nutraceutical products in different countries, these regulations lack harmonization and differ from
country to country. Some of the countries follow stringent regulations, whereas, in some of the countries,
well-structured and stern regulations for nutraceuticals are lacking.

Conclusion:

The development of a well regulated, harmonized and research-driven approach can help
boost the confidence of consumers in nutraceutical products in the world thereby driving the nutraceutical
market.
X-ray Powder Diffraction Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool in Early Predicting Bioavailability of Pharmaceutical Formulation Containing Polymorphic Drug Substance
Authors: Mehata Abhishesh K. , Dehari Deepa , Ayyannan Senthil R. , Muthu Madaswamy S.
Published: May 2020

:

X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) is a unique, solid-state analytical tool used to study the
3D structure of small or macromolecules by their x-ray diffraction or scattering patterns. X-ray diffraction
by a crystal reflects the periodicity of crystal architecture; any imperfections within the crystal architecture
can be easily identified by its poor diffraction pattern. Recently, an open crystallography database
reported that more than 85 % of drug compounds are crystalline and exist in different polymorphic
states. Physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical drug products composed of active pharmaceutical
ingredients (APIs) and excipients are interdependent on the physical state and forms in which
APIs are distributed in excipients that determine the in-vivo and ex-vivo performance of the product.
Amorphous APIs have relatively higher dissolution and bioavailability than crystalline form but with
lower phase stability. During the formulation development and storage phase, the conversion is higher
that largely impacts the bioavailability of the drug product. In this manuscript, we have presented the
case study of itraconazole and apigenin; both are crystalline APIs, that, with the help of solid dispersion
technology, are converted into amorphous drug products with enhanced oral bioavailability. The realtime
monitoring of the physical form of API in the formulation was possible with the help of XRPD
and other supporting data obtained from differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), which can be correlated
with the dissolution and in-vivo performance of the formulation.
Ion Conducting Studies in PEO:NaI and its Composite: Carrier Density Approach
Authors: Mehrotra Kushal , Singh Divya , Bhattacharya Bhaskar
Published: May 2020

Background:

The modulation in electrical conductivity of polymer electrolyte,
viz., polyethylene oxide (PEO) complexed with different concentrations of sodium iodide is
studied. The role of mobility and charge concentration in the electrical conductivity of polymer
electrolytes is established.

Methods:

The complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) method is used to measure the electrical
conductivity of film.

Results:

Conclusion:

The polarized optical microscopy (POM) is used to study the morphology of
the surface of PEO, PEO+NaI films dispersed with Si.
Diseño y construcción de acumulador solar térmico por cambio de fase para un secador solar familiar
Authors: Janampa Quispe Kléber , Cerón Balboa Octavio , Morales Morales Oswaldo , Oré García Julio
Published: May 2020

Se diseña y construye un acumulador solar térmico mediante el principio de cambio de fase, para optimizar el proceso de secado en un secador solar familiar, en un periodo adicional al cese de la incidencia de la radiación solar; el material de cambio de fase seleccionado es la parafina comercial, cuyas propiedades térmicas han sido caracterizados mediante el medidor KD2 Pro. La temperatura de fusión de la parafina (53 oC) se encuentra en torno a la temperatura de operación del secador solar de mediana temperatura. El acumulador solar térmico se caracteriza por ser modular, formado por doce unidades cilíndricas de aluminio reciclado, donde cada unidad contiene 200 g de parafina e incorpora mallas con aletas de aluminio para mejorar el flujo de calor al exterior y optimizar su transferencia al aire. Como resultado se ha logrado aumentar el tiempo adicional de secado en un orden de 2 h sin intervención de la radiación solar, manteniendo una temperatura del aire mayor a 30 ºC previamente sometido a una radiación solar media de 533 Wm-2.
Evaluación sistemática del desempeño térmico de un módulo experimental de vivienda alto andina para lograr el confort térmico con energía solar
Authors: Molina Fuertes Juan Omar , Horn Mutschler Manfred Josef , Gómez León Mónica Marcela
Published: May 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar experimentalmente el desempeño térmico de un Módulo Experimental de Vivienda (MEV), construido en la región Alto Andina, mediante la evaluación sistemática de doce configuraciones de operatividad diferentes, desde el manejo nocturno de contraventanas hasta actividad humana, uso de cocinas a gas y uso de dos sistemas de calefacción solar activos. Este objetivo se fundamenta en las mediciones de temperatura y humedad, considerando la primera como el parámetro principal de análisis térmico para verificar el desempeño térmico del MEV mediante la variación de la temperatura interior respecto al exterior, según la configuración del MEV dado a que la variación entre la temperatura diaria promedio interior y exterior muestra la eficacia de las estrategias de calentamiento o enfriamiento. En base a ello, los incrementos de temperatura en el interior del MEV, considerando una operatividad concienzuda de sus técnicas bioclimáticas implementadas, son del orden de 9,5 °C en promedio y, de hasta 16,6 °C en horas críticas de la madrugada respecto a la temperatura exterior de -7,1 °C a las 6 a.m.

El estudio se complementa con simulaciones térmicas dinámicas utilizando el software EnergyPlus apoyado del entorno gráfico en 3D SketchUp, e interfaz OpenStudio para determinar la temperatura interior y validarlo con la temperatura interior real medida. Los resultados muestran un buen acuerdo entre la simulación y los datos experimentales, con un error cuadrático medio de 15 y 16 % en los ambientes del MEV.
Design and Printing of a Low-Cost 3D-Printed Nasal Osteotomy Training Model: Development and Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ho Michelle , Goldfarb Jared , Moayer Roxana , Nwagu Uche , Ganti Rohan , Krein Howard , Heffelfinger Ryan , Hutchinson Morgan Leigh
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Nasal osteotomy is a commonly performed procedure during rhinoplasty for both functional and cosmetic reasons. Teaching and learning this procedure proves difficult due to the reliance on nuanced tactile feedback. For surgical simulation, trainees are traditionally limited to cadaveric bones, which can be costly and difficult to obtain.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to design and print a low-cost midface model for nasal osteotomy simulation.

METHODS

A 3D reconstruction of the midface was modified using the free open-source design software Meshmixer (Autodesk Inc). The pyriform aperture was smoothed, and support rods were added to hold the fragments generated from the simulation in place. Several models with various infill densities were printed using a desktop 3D printer to determine which model best mimicked human facial bone.

RESULTS

A midface simulation set was designed using a desktop 3D printer, polylactic acid filament, and easily accessible tools. A nasal osteotomy procedure was successfully simulated using the model.

CONCLUSIONS

3D printing is a low-cost, accessible technology that can be used to create simulation models. With growing restrictions on trainee duty hours, the simulation set can be used by programs to augment surgical training.
Efficacy of Smart Speaker–Based Metamemory Training in Older Adults: Case-Control Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Jeongsim , Shin EunJi , Han KyungHwa , Park Soowon , Youn Jung Hae , Jin Guixiang , Lee Jun-Young
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Metamemory training (MMT) is a useful training strategy for improving cognitive functioning in the older adult population. Despite the advantages, there are limitations imposed by location and time constraints.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop a smart speaker–based MMT program and evaluate the efficacy of the program in older adults without cognitive impairment.

METHODS

This study used a case-control cohort design. The smart speaker–based MMT program comprised 3 training sessions per day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. Each training session took approximately 15 minutes. This program was implemented using smart speakers, not human trainers. All participants completed the Mini-Mental State Examination, Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire, Verbal Learning Test, Digit Span Test, fluency tests, and a short-form version of the Geriatric Depression Scale before and after training.

RESULTS

A total of 60 subjects (29 in the MMT group and 31 in the control group) participated in the study. The training group showed significant increases in the delayed free recall, digit span forward, digit span backward, and fluency test scores compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

This study confirmed the efficacy of smart speaker–based MMT in older adults. Home-based smart speaker–based MMT is not limited with respect to location or constrained by space and may help older adults with subjective cognitive decline without requiring intervention by human professionals.
Wearability Testing of Ambulatory Vital Sign Monitoring Devices: Prospective Observational Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Areia Carlos , Young Louise , Vollam Sarah , Ede Jody , Santos Mauro , Tarassenko Lionel , Watkinson Peter
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Timely recognition of patient deterioration remains challenging. Ambulatory monitoring systems (AMSs) may provide support to current monitoring practices; however, they need to be thoroughly tested before implementation in the clinical environment for early detection of deterioration.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to assess the wearability of a selection of commercially available AMSs to inform a future prospective study of ambulatory vital sign monitors in an acute hospital ward.

METHODS

Five pulse oximeters (4 with finger probes and 1 wrist-worn only, collecting pulse rates and oxygen saturation) and 2 chest patches (collecting heart rates and respiratory rates) were selected to be part of this study: The 2 chest-worn patches were VitalPatch (VitalConnect) and Peerbridge Cor (Peerbridge); the 4 wrist-worn devices with finger probe were Nonin WristOx2 3150 (Nonin), Checkme O2+ (Viatom Technology), PC-68B, and AP-20 (both from Creative Medical); and the 1 solely wrist-worn device was Wavelet (Wavelet Health). Adult participants wore each device for up to 72 hours while performing usual “activities of daily living” and were asked to score the perceived exertion and perception of pain or discomfort by using the Borg CR-10 scale; thoughts and feelings caused by the AMS using the Comfort Rating Scale (CRS); and to provide general free text feedback. Median and IQRs were reported and nonparametric tests were used to assess differences between the devices’ CRS scores.

RESULTS

Quantitative scores and feedback were collected in 70 completed questionnaires from 20 healthy volunteers, with each device tested approximately 10 times. The Wavelet seemed to be the most wearable device (P<.001) with an overall median (IQR) CRS score of 1.00 (0.88). There were no statistically significant differences in wearability between the chest patches in the CRS total score; however, the VitalPatch was superior in the Attachment section (P=.04) with a median (IQR) score of 3.00 (1.00). General pain and discomfort scores and total percentage of time worn are also reflective of this.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that adult participants prefer to wear wrist-worn pulse oximeters without a probe compressing the fingertip and they prefer to wear a smaller chest patch. A compromise between wearability, reliability, and accuracy should be made for successful and practical integration of AMSs within the hospital environment.
Digital Amnesia in Healthcare Providers and Medical Care (Preprint)
Authors: Seifi Ali , Rodriguez Michelle , Jafari Seyedmohammad
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

“Digital amnesia” is the inability to remember information entrusted to a digital device. Until recent decades, the size, accessibility, and portability of records did not promote reliance on them for information needed quickly and regularly.

OBJECTIVE

Recent technological advancements have transformed data storage, providing instant access to nearly unlimited information on the internet through various portals, including pocket-sized cell phones. The result has been an increasing reliance on digital devices to serve as a memory.

METHODS

Opinion

RESULTS

Technological advancements continue to revolutionize the way physicians practice medicine. However, as physicians utilize these advancements to improve patient care, physicians need to remain mindful of their potential negative impact on the patient-physician relationships as well as on long-term memory.

CONCLUSIONS

Awareness, continued learning, committing to memory new relevant information, transparency, and patient education are key to limiting the negative effects of technological advancements in medicine.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Training cognitive functions of children with Specific Learning Disorders with the HapHop-Physio exer-learning game: A pilot study (Preprint)
Authors: Rico-Olarte Carolina , Narváez-Muñoz Nathalia V , López Diego , Becker Linda , Tovar-Ruiz Luz Ángela
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The HapHop-Physio exer-learning game is a cognitive rehabilitation program for children with learning disorders. It focuses on the training of memory and attention functions. Like any other health technology, HapHop-Physio has to be proven to be effective and appropriate compared to conventional methods for enhancing the essential cognitive skills for learning.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the changes in the cognitive domains of memory and attention after receiving treatment with the HapHop-Physio application.

METHODS

A quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted in three phases, with 14 children suffering from Specific Learning Disorders. In the first phase, the cognitive profile of children was obtained to assess the level of attention and the cognitive memory functions in four domains: auditory-verbal memory, visual memory, visual attention, and auditory attention. The second phase consisted of training cognitive functions of children with the HapHop-Physio application. A revaluation of the cognitive profile of the children was the third phase of the study.

RESULTS

On average, children's cognitive profile increased by 16% when comparing data from the first and the third phase of the study. Statistically, there is a significant difference between the performance of the cognitive profile before and after treatment with HapHop-Physio.

CONCLUSIONS

With the obtained results, HapHop-Physio is an effective technological support tool for cognitive rehabilitation therapies in children with Specific Learning Disorders or disorders of school skills, which has been tested in a clinical environment with the supervision on of a specialist. Moreover, the game encourages reading and writing processes and motivate children's adherence to the therapies due to the gamification methodology.
Sustaining Water-Related Heritage Infrastructures as Part of An Integrated Water Resource Management Program
Authors: Triatmadja Radianta , Legono Djoko , Wignyosukarto Budi , Nurrochmad Fatchan , Sunjoto Sunjoto
Published: May 2020

The history of the water resources development in the world is generally inspired by the physical, climate and socioenvironment conditions such as geographical, culture and civilization at the local level. For many years, humans have spent tremendous efforts and time improving the quality of life through adequate water utilization. This research, therefore, aims to analyze the ancient water-related infrastructures as cultural heritages in creating a functional and adequate design. Data were obtained from the Mataram Canal in Yogyakarta Province which was selected due to the success story and various benefits associated with the Indonesian history of water resources in Central Java provinces. Today, some places along the canal have become tourist destinations, and it is more popular in Yogyakarta due to its architectural history. However, the diversification of water utilization in fishery ponds along the canal and the shift in land utilization from rice field to housings, and government buildings may undermine the function of the canal. The factual condition associated with the periodic decrease in irrigation command does not make the Mataram Canal useless. Therefore, efforts to maintain its function through restoration, and revitalization, can enhance water supply for irrigation and other purposes such as fish ponds and, pollutant dilution. The Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) method with some key performance indicators was adopted to access the necessity of the sustainability program of the Mataram Canal as the heritage infrastructure. Some key performance indicators related to Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) program in Indonesia were introduced and utilized to prioritize the necessary actions. The results showed that the SWOT analysis promotes various actions to support the IWRM-related program of Mataram Canal. Furthermore, the implementation of the promoted actions would contribute to the longer sustainability of the Mataram Canal.
The Influence of Rib Configuration on Bond Strength Development between Steel and Concrete
Authors: Gull Sarvat , Wani Shoib B. , Amin Ishfaq
Published: May 2020

The bond strength between rebar and concrete is important for the quality performance of reinforced concrete structures. At the interface, bond strength development mainly depends on surface configuration. Different rib configuration improves the strength significantly in high yield rebars as compared to mild steel. This study examines the bond strength behavior of ordinary MS (Mild Steel) rebars, HYSD (High Yield Strength Deformed) parallel rib, and HYSD diamond rib rebars. Experimental analysis to obtain pull-out behavior of rebar in concrete was based on IS 2770 Part I – 1967: Reaffirmed 2007; Indian Standard Methods of Testing Bond in Reinforced Concrete.  Importantly, the concrete of M30 grade was used and a total of nine specimens were tested. The cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast with centrally embedded rebar provided up to 20 mm from their bottom faces. Additionally, the pull-out test was conducted in 1000 kN capacity Universal Testing Machine. The usable bond strength values were calculated from the load at 0.025 mm free and 0.25 mm loaded end slips. The results showed that the usable bond strength value of HYSD diamond rib rebars is very large compared to MS and appreciably greater than HYSD parallel rib. Moreover, the usable bond strength of HYSD diamond rib rebars is 60.06% and 35.60 % greater than that of the MS rebars and HYSD parallel rib pattern rebars, respectively. The high frictional resistance developed in the bond strength test of HYSD diamond rib rebars because of the better mechanical interlocking. This was primarily due to the presence of a more frictional surface area of lugs.
Pre Eliminary Study : Pengaruh Pemberian First Line Drug Antituberculosis Terhadap Jumlah Hydropic Swelling Pada Sel Hepar Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus Novergicus Strain Wistar) Yang Diinduksi Selama dua Minggu”.
Authors: Djauhari Thontowi
Published: May 2020

Konsumsi First Line Drug Antituberculosis menyebabkan gangguan hati diakibatkan oleh stress oksidatif, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan hati yang dapat dilihat pada peningkatan jumlah hydropic swelling pada sel hepar tikus. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pendahuluan dengan memberikan First Line Drug Antituberculosis selama dua minggu. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh First Line Drug Antituberculosis terhadap jumlah hydropic swelling sel hati pada tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi selama dua minggu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian True experimental dengan post test only control group design. menggunakan 10 tikus dalam 2 kelompok, kontrol positif (diinduksi First Line Drug Antituberculosis), kontrol negatif (tidak diinduksi obat). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna pada perlakuan antara K-  dan K+ dengan meggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan, dengan hasil signifikansi t- test (p<0,05). Kesimpulan yang didapatkan ada pengaruh pemberian First Line Drug Antituberculosis (pirazinamid, etambutol, Isoniazid, Rifampicin) terhadap jumlah hydropic swelling pada sel hati tikus putih jantan (Rattus Novergicus Strain Wistar) yang diinduksi selama dua minggu.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex : A Case Report
Authors: Rofiq Aunur , Setyowati Lita , Nugrahani Aninda Fitri
Published: May 2020

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurocutaneous disorder. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex is caused by mutations in tumor suppressor gene (TSC), both TSC1 and TSC2.  In approximately two-thirds of cases neither parent has signs of TSC and the disease is caused by a de  novo mutation. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex is classically identified by the Vort's triad in the presence of angiofibroma, mental retardation, and epilepsy. A 17-year-old woman with a major complaint of a facial bump that appeared at birth and got bigger when she reached puberty. There are white patches on the patient's body from birth. On the scalp obtained the presence of skin color plaque, while at the back and right knee obtained shagreen patch. Patientwas diagnosed with epilepsy and mental retardation by the pediatric department. No family history has the same complaints as patient. Histopathologic examination of facial bumps taken by shaving biopsy suggests the presence of hemangiomas. Based on the clinical diagnostic criteria from International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference 2012, the patient meets two major criteria, macular hypopigmentation and shagreen patch so it is included in "definite diagnosis".
Application of organic fungicide in controlling basal stem rot disease for mature oil palm
Authors: WIDIASTUTI Happy , MINARSIH Hayati , SANTOSO Djoko , ERIS Deden Dewantara , PERMATASARI Galuh Wening
Published: May 2020

Ganoderma is a major pathogen in oil palm crops. Some efforts related to control the growth of Ganoderma have been conducted but still have not found an effective method. This study aims to develop an organic fungicide that has been tested in vitro, which effective in controlling the growth of Ganoderma. The optimization carried out includes the determination of the dose and time interval for application in 13-year-old mature oil palm. This organic fungicide application was the continuation of application during the previous year especially for the two best treatment which is application organic fungicide every week (1w) and every two weeks (2w). In this study, the treatments tested were three levels dose of organic fungicide (0, 1x and 2x) and two types of frequency application, i.e. every week (1w) and every other week (2w). The results showed that the best application of organic fungicides was every week application with twice doses (1w.2x), based on the parameters of the inhibition of Ganoderma’s fruiting body formation, primary and secondary root formation, the opening of spear leaves, and harvesting parameters. The application of organic fungicide able to recover the oil palm infected Ganoderma sp., with increasing the fresh fruit bunch and its weight around 70% and 78%, respectively.
Emergency “Hot” Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Authors: Yasin Musaab , Cressey Abigail , Goldsmith Louise , Turney Ben , Reynard John
Published: May 2020

Ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) are two widely used methods for the treatment of ureteric and pelviureteric junction (PUJ) stones. ESWL remains the only non-invasive therapy modality for the treatment of urinary stones. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive, safe and effective treatment for urinary tract lithiasis

Ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) are two widely used methods for the treatment of ureteric and pelviureteric junction (PUJ) stones. ESWL remains the only non-invasive therapy modality for the treatment of urinary stones. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive, safe and effective treatment for urinary tract lithiasis

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of emergency “hot” shock wave lithotripsy in treating symptomatic ureteric/ PUJ stones.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective study looking at the emergency referrals for shock wave lithotripsy to the Churchill Hos-pital between June 2013 to Dec 2017. The Lithotripsy Database and patients’ electronic records were used to complete this project. Emergency referrals triaged by the on-call urology team and go through a renal colic clinic.

Results

In total, 201 patients underwent emergency shock wave lithotripsy for ureteric/PUJ stones.

The mean stone size was 7.7mm (SD 2.9). 12.4% (25) were PUJ, 45.3% (91) proximal and 42.3% (85) distal ureteric stones. 1% (2) were bilateral ureteric stones. 9% (18) had previous lithotripsy treatment before being referred.

The number of shocks used was 4000 in 52.7%, >=3000 in 40.3%, >=2000 in 4.5% and >=1000 in 2.5%. The median shock frequency was 2 Hz. The median number of treatments for the targeted stone was 2. Stone fragmentation was visible in 27.4% (55), possible in 30.8% (62) and not visible in 41.8% (84).

In terms of follow up, 48.3% (97) were discharged stone-free, while 17.4% (35) were discharged with residual fragments. 21.8% (44) had further clinic follow up while 12.4% (25) had no follow-up information available, possibly because they were referred from different hospitals. 19.9% (40) needed ureteroscopy, while 7% (14) needed further lithotripsy sessions.

Conclusions

Emergency extracorporeal lithotripsy can be offered as an effective and safe treatment for patients with symptomatic stones.
Vanderbilt Health Affiliated Network Statin Outreach Service
Authors: Terry Christopher , Neal Erin B. , Daly Katelyn , Skupien Donna , Griffith Michelle L.
Published: May 2020

Quality Improvement Success Stories are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of Clinical Diabetes. The following article describes the design and implementation of a pharmacist-led program to improve rates of statin use among appropriate patients in high-risk populations.
Strategies That Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Use in Relation to Exercise
Authors: Neyman Anna , Woerner Stephanie , Russ Maria , Yarbrough Andrea , DiMeglio Linda A.
Published: May 2020

Physical activity is an important element of type 1 diabetes management, and hypoglycemia is a known risk. There are few data on strategies adolescents use to mitigate this risk. We surveyed 66 adolescents with type 1 diabetes who were 12–18 years of age about blood glucose monitoring, carbohydrate intake, and insulin management before, during, and after exercise. The adolescents completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form and the Children’s Hypoglycemia Fear Survey. We found that adolescents with type 1 diabetes do not generally follow guidelines about glucose monitoring or about food and insulin adjustment around exercise. More targeted education and interventions are needed to improve adolescents’ uptake of recommended behaviors and improve outcomes.
Whole-Grain Processing and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Åberg Sebastian , Mann Jim , Neumann Silke , Ross Alastair B. , Reynolds Andrew N.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

To consider the effects of whole-grain processing, specifically milling, on glycemic control in free-living adults with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants of this crossover trial were randomized to two interventions of 2 weeks, separated by washout. They were advised to replace the grain foods they normally consumed with intervention foods. Intervention foods were nutrient-matched whole-grain products of wheat, oats, and brown rice that differed in their degree of processing. No other lifestyle advice was given. Continuous glucose monitoring systems were worn. Other cardiometabolic risk factors and alkylresorcinols (a biomarker of whole-grain intake) were measured pre- and postintervention.

RESULTS

Thirty-one adults with type 2 diabetes (63 ± 13 years old, BMI 32.4 ± 7 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.5 ± 3.4% [59 ± 14 mmol/mol]) commenced the trial; 28 (90%) completed both interventions. The increase in alkylresorcinols did not differ between interventions, and there was no difference in reported energy intake. Postprandial responses were 9% (95% CI 3–15) lower following breakfast and 6% (1–10) lower following all meals of less-processed whole grains when compared with finely milled grains. Day-long glycemic variability also was reduced when measured by 24-h SD (−0.16 mmol/L [95% CI −0.25 to −0.06]) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (−0.36 [95% CI −0.65 to −0.08]). Mean change in body weight differed by 0.81 kg (95% CI 0.62–1.05) between interventions, increasing during the finely milled intervention and decreasing during the less-processed whole-grain intervention. This was not a mediating factor for the glycemic variables considered.

CONCLUSIONS

Consuming less-processed whole-grain foods over 2 weeks improved measures of glycemia in free-living adults with type 2 diabetes compared with an equivalent amount of whole-grain foods that were finely milled. Dietary advice should promote the consumption of minimally processed whole grains.
Effects of an electronic software ‘prompt’ with healthcare professional training on cardiovascular and renal complications in a multi-ethnic population with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria (The GP Prompt study): results of a pragmatic cluster randomised trial.
Authors: Willis Andrew , Crasto Winston , Gray Laura J , Dallosso Helen , Waheed Ghazala , Davies Melanie , Seidu Sam , Khunti Kamlesh
Published: May 2020

Background: Tight, targeted control of
modifiable cardiovascular risk factors can reduce cardiovascular complications
and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and microalbuminuria.
The effects of using an electronic “Prompt” with a treatment algorithm to
support a treat-to-target approach has not been tested in primary care.

Methods: A multi-centre,
cluster-randomised trial among primary care practices across Leicestershire,
UK. Primary outcome was proportion of individuals achieving systolic and diastolic
blood pressure (<130 and <80mmHg, respectively) and total cholesterol
(<3.5mmol/l) targets at 24 months. Secondary outcomes included proportion of
individuals with HbA1c<58 mmol/mol (<7.5%), changes in prescribing,
change in albumin-creatinine ratio, major adverse cardiovascular events,
cardiovascular mortality and coding accuracy.

Results: 2721 individuals from 22
practices, mean age 63 years, 41% female, 62% from Black and Minority Ethnic
groups, completed two years follow-up. There were no significant differences in
the proportion of individuals achieving the composite primary outcome, although
the proportion of individuals achieving the pre-specified outcome of total
cholesterol <4.0 mmol (Odds Ratio 1.24(1.05,1.47),p=0.01) increased with
intensive intervention compared to control. Coding for microalbuminuria
increased relative to control (Odds Ratio 2.05 (1.29, 3.25), p< 0.01]).

Conclusions: Greater improvements in composite
cardiovascular risk factor control with this intervention compared to standard
care were not achieved in this cohort of high-risk individuals with T2DM. However,
improvements in lipid profile and coding can benefit patients with diabetes to
alter the high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Future studies
should consider comprehensive strategies including patient education and
healthcare professional engagement, in the management of T2DM.
Konfliktparadokset
Authors: Winsvold Marte , Bentzen Tina Øllgaard
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on a paradox related to cooperation and conflict in local politics. Most Norwegian local governments are organized according to a model where political parties are proportionally represented in all political committees. While this model encourages consensus building, it has increasingly been filled with party-political conflicts. This chapter discusses the difficult balance between “cooperation” and “conflict” in local politics. We show how local councilors in Norway and Denmark perceive and relate to conflict, and we provide examples of destructive as well as constructive conflicts in local governments. In a brief and subsequent chapter, a Norwegian Mayor reflects on how to balance party-political conflicts and cooperation.
Åpenhetsparadokset
Authors: Leirset Espen , Røiseland Asbjørn
Published: May 2020

This chapter focusses on the publicity of political meetings. While Norway has mandatory open meetings in all political bodies at the municipal level, in Denmark all the meetings apart from the council meetings are mandatory closed. This gives a good opportunity to study how the difference plays out in practice, and which effect open meetings have for political leadership. The analysis illustrates the paradox related to openness – open meetings do not necessarily give more openness. Instead, more deliberation and political discussions in Norway are moved to informal meetings external to the formal democratic system, like political party meetings which are closed to the public. In a brief and subsequent chapter, two Norwegian Mayors explain their experiences with closed meetings.
Medical Volunteerism in Undergraduate Medical Programme: A Novel, in-depth Curriculum
Authors: Adefolalu Adegoke Olusegun
Published: May 2020

Health disparities persist among several populations globally and doctors are well-placed to advocate for better health outcomes among the population they serve thereby promoting health equity. According to the literature, medical educators have the capacity to produce socially responsible medical doctors who have competency in health advocacy in addition to their clinical knowledge. However, apart from being taught the determinants of health, little, or no real-live experience is given to medical students in social medicine and health advocacy to enable them to develop the necessary skills in this area. At the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University in Pretoria, South Africa, Medical Volunteerism was offered as a selective course during the 2016 academic year. It entails engagement of the medical students in activities that tied them with the primary burden of providing service to an identified community, where they plan and participate in an organized activity that meets the identified needs of such community. This article describes the structure, content, and outcomes of this curriculum. The feedback from students and other stakeholders were strongly positive, the students rated the course highly in a variety of instances, including appropriateness of lecture topics, presentation of the course contents, course materials, effectiveness of teaching and level of students' participation. The average overall rating for the course was 8.4 based on a ten-point scale. Furthermore, the students acknowledged that it contributed to their personal development in terms of social activism in health. In conclusion, medical volunteerism selective has positive impact that is measurable, support should be given to students and facilitators who are interested in implementing similar selective as it has the potential of reinforcing certain values in medical students that could motivate them to have increased desire to work with underserved communities after graduation.