bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-evolution of Smart Small Vehicles and Human Spatial Experiences: Case Study on Battery-Sharing Electric Two-Wheelers Experiment
Authors: Chou Chun-Chen , Yoh Kento , Hirokawa Shotaro , Doi Kenji
Published: October 2023

Small-format mobility services have been introduced in many cities to promote sustainable urban development. In some cities, these services are primarily seen as entertainment rather than significant transport modes. Research has studied the roles of experiential/hedonic and functional/instrumental motivations in users’ adoption intent for such services. However, there is still a limited understanding of how actual spatial experiences of mobility travels shape travel behaviors. This study explores the role of spatial experience in mobility travels. Specifically, the research question revolves around whether better spatial knowledge leads to better spatial experiences, thereby satisfying users’ functional/instrumental and experiential/hedonic values for mobility trips. Additionally, we examine how spatial knowledge affects travel behaviors regarding trip chaining and vehicle charging. To assess road users’ spatial knowledge, we use sketch maps to examine changes after three months of using battery-sharing two-wheelers. A mixed-methods approach and multiple data sources are employed to provide deeper insights, including sketch maps, questionnaire surveys on attitudes, and a panel data analysis on activity-travel patterns. The results indicate that spatial experience significantly influences perceived values and, consequently, travel behaviors. Improved knowledge leads to greater satisfaction with mobility travel. Furthermore, an interaction effect is found between cognitive distance and cognitive direction concerning users’ satisfaction with the driving range and charging issues of electric vehicles.
Biomonitoring of Atmospheric PAHs and PMs Using Xanthoria parietina and Cupressus sempervirens in Bouira (Algeria)
Authors: Benaissa Fatima , Bourfis Nassima , Ferhoum Fatiha , Annesi-Measano Isabella
Published: October 2023

Air pollution constitutes a major environmental risk factor for living beings. Protection against such risk needs air pollution monitoring and control. Air pollution monitoring can be obtained in several ways. Amongst them, passive methods assessing cumulative exposure are of particular interest. A passive approach consisting of ambient concentrations biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using lichens and plants was used for assessment of ambient air pollution exposure in the industrial region of Oued El Berdi in Bouira (Algeria). Seven stations were chosen to take samples of lichen thalli of Xanthoria parietina and conifer scales and barks of Cupressus sempervirens in April 2018. The physiological parameters of the chlorophyll and the proline content were measured, and the atmospheric PAHs and particulate matter (PM) concentrations were quantified. The results show a spatial variation between the different stations and directions. The PAH concentrations accumulated in lichen range from 35 ± 3 ng/g dw to 2222 ± 376 ng/g dw and show significant differences (p = 0.017). These concentrations are higher than those found in conifer scales (18.8 ± 7 dw to 1183.5 ± 876 ng/g dw) and that found in conifer barks (7 ± 3 dw to 515.3 ± 19 ng/g dw). Significant difference between the reference stations of Tikjda and Errich and the five industrial stations of Oued El Berdi were also observed. Physiological parameters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll ab) and proline and air pollutants accumulated (PAHs and PM) were associated. Biomonitoring allowed to show that the industrial area of Oued El Berdi was impacted by PAHs and PM, which are generated mainly by factories located there.
Simulation Experimental Investigations into the Mechanical Response and Failure Mechanisms of Coal–Rock Combinations
Authors: Guo Wenbing , Hu Yuhang , Wu Dongtao
Published: October 2023

The stability of the composite structures formed by coal pillar and roof rock is of great significance to safe production and sustainable development of coal mines. In order to explore the failure and instability mechanisms of coal–rock combinations (CRCs) with varying rock-to-coal height ratios, uniaxial compression tests of CRCs with varying rock-to-coal height ratios were performed via laboratory tests and numerical simulation of particle flow tests, and the mechanical response and failure mechanisms of CRC were comprehensively investigated with regard to their strength, failure characteristics, crack and energy evolution. The results show that the stress thresholds for the crack initiation, uniaxial compressive strength, and elastic modulus of CRCs rose with the decreasing coal-to-rock height ratio, and the fragmentation degree of the coal samples increased with rock-to-coal height ratio. The instability and failure of CRCs are the result of the interaction between the strength of sandstone and coal at the interface and the strength of sandstone and coal far from the interface region; in addition, they are influenced by the distribution range of microfractures during the loading process. The point effect and slip effect formed by coal failure cause sandstone split failure and shear failure, respectively. The number of cracks, macrocrack length, total input energy, elastic strain energy, and dissipated strain energy all reduce first and then increase as the coal thickness reduces. CRCs still have a certain load-bearing capacity in the post-peak stage, mainly due to their strong load-bearing skeleton structure and the friction between particles in the fracturing area, which can resist external forces.
Pixel-Based Soil Loss Estimation and Prioritization of North-Western Himalayan Catchment Based on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)
Authors: Gupta Shishant , Ojha Chandra Shekhar Prasad , Singh Vijay P. , Adeloye Adebayo J. , Jain Sanjay K.
Published: October 2023

Land degradation is a noteworthy environmental risk causing water quality issues, reservoir siltation, and loss of valuable arable lands, all of which negate sustainable development. Analysis of the effect of land use changes on erosion rate and sediment yield is particularly useful to identify critical areas and define catchment-area treatment plans. This study utilized remote sensing and geographical information system/science (GIS) techniques combined with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) on a pixel basis to estimate soil loss over space and time and prioritized areas for action. The methodology was applied to the Sutlej catchment from the perspective of sedimentation of the Bhakra reservoir, which is leading to the loss of active storage capacity and performance and of the safety and efficiency of many existing hydroelectric projects in the Sutlej and its tributaries that drain the Himalayas. Soil loss estimation using RUSLE was first calibrated using data from three sites, and the calibrated model was then used to estimate catchment soil loss for 21 years (1995–2015). The number of land use/land cover (LULC) classes as 14 and the C factor as 0.63 for agriculture land were optimized using the observed data for the Sutlej catchment. Further, the linkage between soil erosivity and annual precipitation was also established. It was concluded that extensive control treatment would be necessary from the soil and water conservation point of view. Structures like check dams, terraces, bunds, and diversion drains in the upstream can overcome the issue of fragmentation of soil in the Sutlej catchment.
An Operator Method for Investigation of the Stability of Time-Dependent Source Identification Telegraph Type Differential Problems
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Al-Hazaimeh Haitham
Published: October 2023

This article is devoted to the study of the stability of time-dependent source identification telegraph type differential problems with dependent coefficients. Time-dependent source identification problems (SIPs) for telegraph differential equations (TDEs) with constant coefficients can be solved by classical integral-transform methods. However, these classical methods can be used, basically, in cases where the differential equation has constant coefficients. We establish the basic theorem of the stability of the time-dependent SIPs for the second-order linear differential equation (DE) in a Hilbert space with a self-adjoint positive definite operator (SAPDO) and damping term. In practice, stability estimates for the solution of the three types of SIPs for one-dimensional and for multidimensional TDEs with dependent coefficients and classic and non-classic conditions are obtained.
Green Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedicine and Biotechnology
Authors: Berdimurodov Elyor , Dagdag Omar , Berdimuradov Khasan , Wan Nik Wan Mohd Norsani , Eliboev Ilyos , Ashirov Mansur , Niyozkulov Sherzod , Demir Muslum , Yodgorov Chinmurot , Aliev Nizomiddin
Published: October 2023

Green electrospinning harnesses the potential of renewable biomaterials to craft biodegradable nanofiber structures, expanding their utility across a spectrum of applications. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the production, characterization and application of electrospun cellulose, collagen, gelatin and other biopolymer nanofibers in tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensing, environmental remediation, agriculture and synthetic biology. These applications span diverse fields, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensing, environmental remediation, agriculture, and synthetic biology. In the realm of tissue engineering, nanofibers emerge as key players, adept at mimicking the intricacies of the extracellular matrix. These fibers serve as scaffolds and vascular grafts, showcasing their potential to regenerate and repair tissues. Moreover, they facilitate controlled drug and gene delivery, ensuring sustained therapeutic levels essential for optimized wound healing and cancer treatment. Biosensing platforms, another prominent arena, leverage nanofibers by immobilizing enzymes and antibodies onto their surfaces. This enables precise glucose monitoring, pathogen detection, and immunodiagnostics. In the environmental sector, these fibers prove invaluable, purifying water through efficient adsorption and filtration, while also serving as potent air filtration agents against pollutants and pathogens. Agricultural applications see the deployment of nanofibers in controlled release fertilizers and pesticides, enhancing crop management, and extending antimicrobial food packaging coatings to prolong shelf life. In the realm of synthetic biology, these fibers play a pivotal role by encapsulating cells and facilitating bacteria-mediated prodrug activation strategies. Across this multifaceted landscape, nanofibers offer tunable topographies and surface functionalities that tightly regulate cellular behavior and molecular interactions. Importantly, their biodegradable nature aligns with sustainability goals, positioning them as promising alternatives to synthetic polymer-based technologies. As research and development continue to refine and expand the capabilities of green electrospun nanofibers, their versatility promises to advance numerous applications in the realms of biomedicine and biotechnology, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally conscious future.
Evaluation of the Deletion of the African Swine Fever Virus Gene O174L from the Genome of the Georgia Isolate
Authors: Ramirez-Medina Elizabeth , Velazquez-Salinas Lauro , Rai Ayushi , Espinoza Nallely , Valladares Alyssa , Silva Ediane , Burton Leeanna , Spinard Edward , Meyers Amanda , Risatti Guillermo , Calvelage Sten , Blome Sandra , Gladue Douglas P. , Borca Manuel V.
Published: October 2023

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a structurally complex, double-stranded DNA virus, which causes African swine fever (ASF), a contagious disease affecting swine. ASF is currently affecting pork production in a large geographical region, including Eurasia and the Caribbean. ASFV has a large genome, which harbors more than 160 genes, but most of these genes’ functions have not been experimentally characterized. One of these genes is the O174L gene which has been experimentally shown to function as a small DNA polymerase. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of the O174L gene from the genome of the virulent strain ASFV Georgia2010 (ASFV-G) does not significantly affect virus replication in vitro or in vivo. A recombinant virus, having deleted the O174L gene, ASFV-G-∆O174L, was developed to study the effect of the O174L protein in replication in swine macrophages cultures in vitro and disease production when inoculated in pigs. The results demonstrated that ASFV-G-∆O174L has similar replication kinetics to parental ASFV-G in swine macrophage cultures. In addition, animals intramuscularly inoculated with 102 HAD50 of ASFV-G-∆O174L presented a clinical form of the disease that is indistinguishable from that induced by the parental virulent strain ASFV-G. All animals developed a lethal disease, being euthanized around day 7 post-infection. Therefore, although O174L is a well-characterized DNA polymerase, its function is apparently not critical for the process of virus replication, both in vitro and in vivo, or for disease production in domestic pigs.
Application of the Monte-Carlo Method to Assess the Operational Reliability of a Household-Constructed Wetland with Vertical Flow: A Case Study in Poland
Authors: Migdał Karolina , Jóźwiakowski Krzysztof , Czekała Wojciech , Śliz Paulina , Tavares Jorge Manuel Rodrigues , Almeida Adelaide
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to model the operation of a vertical-flow constructed wetland (VF-CW) for domestic wastewater, using Monte-Carlo simulations and selected probability distributions of various random variables. The analysis was based on collected wastewater quality data, including the values of the pollutant indicators BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand), CODCr (chemical oxygen demand), and TSS (total suspended solids), in the 2017–2020 period. Anderson–Darling (A–D) statistics were applied to assess the fit of the theoretical distributions to the empirical distributions of the random variables under study. The selection of the best-fitting statistical distributions was determined using the percentage deviation (PBIAS) criterion. Based on the analyses that were performed, the best-fitting statistical distributions for the pollution indicators of the raw wastewater were the generalised extreme value distribution for BOD5, the Gaussian distribution for CODCr, and the log-normal distribution for TSS. For treated effluent, the log-normal distribution was the best fit for BOD5 and CODCr; the semi-normal distribution, for TSS. The new data generated using the Monte-Carlo method allowed the reliability of the VF-CW operation to be assessed by determining the reliability indices, i.e., the average efficiency of the removal of pollutants (η), the technological efficiency index (R), the reliability index (CR), and the risk index of the negative control of the sewage treatment plant operation (Re). The obtained results indicate that only in the case of CODCr, the analysed treatment facility may fail to meet the requirements related to the reduction of organic pollutants to the required level, which is evidenced by the values of the indicators CR = 1.10, R = 0.49, and η = 0.82. In addition, the risk index of the negative operation of the facility (Re) assumes a value of 1, which indicates that during the period of its operation, the VF-CW system will not operate with the required efficiency in relation to this indicator. The novelty of this work is the implementation of the indicated mathematical simulation methods for analysing the reliability of the operation of the domestic wastewater treatment facility.
Microplastics in the Syr Darya River Tributaries, Uzbekistan
Authors: Frank Yulia , Khusanov Alijon , Yuldashov Mansur , Vorobiev Egor , Rakhmatullina Svetlana , Rednikin Alexey , Tashbaev Sherzodbek , Mamatkarimova Sarvinoz , Ruchkina Kristina , Namozov Sirojiddin , Turaev Laziz , Sobirov Jobir , Yuldashev Akramjon , Vorobiev Danil
Published: October 2023

The objective of the study was a pre-screening of the microplastic (MP) content in surface water and benthic sediments of Kara Darya and Chirchiq rivers, the first-order tributaries of the Syr Darya River (Uzbekistan). For the first time, surface water and benthic sediment samples were taken from this region, and quantitative screening of MPs 0.15–5.00 mm in size was performed. A combined visual and μRaman-based methodology was used to quantify and characterize artificial polymer microparticles from the surface water and bottom sediments of two rivers. The average abundance of MPs in the Kara Darya River and Chirchiq River waters was found to be 4.28 ± 0.09 and 0.95 ± 0.36 items per m3, and that in benthic sediments attained 244 ± 28.9 and 333 ± 11.5 items per kg of dry soil, respectively. MP concentration in surface water and benthic sediments of the Kara Darya River significantly exceeded (p-value < 0.01) that in the Chirchiq River. Microfibers were most abundant; the proportion of MP fibers in the water of the Kara Darya and Chirchiq rivers amounted to 89 and 95%, respectively, and that in benthic sediments of the rivers was 86 and 84%, respectively. The dominance of microfibers may indicate the route of entry to the rivers through domestic wastewater treatment plant discharges. The polymer microparticles in the surface water and benthic sediments of the Kara Darya and Chirchiq rivers were mainly represented by polyethylenterephtalate (PET), which accounted for half of all MPs detected in the Kara Darya River. Microparticles of textile origin were particularly abundant in the Kara Darya River, where viscose and nylon fibers were also found, which suggests the leading role of synthetic textiles in the pollution. The reported data are the first experimental evidence of MP pollution of the Syr Darya tributaries, but the distribution and circulation of MPs in surface water in Central Asia requires further comprehensive studies.
Green Synthesis of Surface Modified Biochar for Simultaneous Removal of Steroidal Hormones and Heavy Metals from Wastewater: Optimisation by Central Composite Design
Authors: Amusat Sefiu Olaitan , Kebede Temesgen Girma , Nxumalo Edward Ndumiso , Dube Simiso , Nindi Mathew Muzi
Published: October 2023

The modification of pristine biochar derived from the waste of sweet prickly pear using the green modification method to produce nano-sized biochar (nanobiochar) for the removal of steroidal hormones and heavy metals from water and wastewater is reported in this study. Based on the characterisation results using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS, the material had (COOH), (C=O), and (OH) functional groups typical of graphitic amorphous carbon. The SEM-EDS and XRD results showed that the material was mesoporous and amorphous in nature. The BET analysis results revealed that the surface area significantly increased from 220.1 m2/g to 354.6 m2/g after the modification of the pristine biochar. Based on the TGA-DSC results, the material was thermally stable up to 550 °C. A complete factorial experimental design using Minitab 21 Statistical Software (version 18.1) was employed to optimise the experimental adsorption conditions. The F-values and p-values for the lack-of-fit of the model showed the acceptability and significance of the ANOVA model. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm was found to provide a better fit for the steroid adsorption data than the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with moderate values of R2 ≥ 0.92 for Langmuir and R2 ≥ 0.95 for Freundlich, as well as maximum adsorption capacities of 14.53 mg/g, 10.58 mg/g, 12.50 mg/g, 5.73 mg/g, 5.63 mg/g, and 9.75 mg/g obtained for estriol, α-oestradiol, β-oestradiol, testosterone, progesterone, and bisphenol A. Freundlich R2 values were lower than Langmuir R2 values for metal adsorption, with maximum adsorption capacities of 8.58 mg/g, 4.15 mg/g, and 6.95 mg/g obtained for nickel, cadmium, and lead, respectively. The maximum percentage of removal for effluents and influents was between 84–89% and 78–86% for steroid hormones and heavy metals, respectively. The highest removal percentage between 90–95% was obtained for spiked ultrapure water for both steroid hormones and heavy metals. The material exhibited a removal percentage up to 60% after the first four cycles.
Transanal opening of the intersphincteric space (TROPIS): a novel procedure on the horizon to effectively manage high complex anal fistulas
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Mongia Anvesha
Published: October 2023

Anal fistulas, especially complex and high fistulas, are difficult to manage. The transanal opening of the intersphincteric space (TROPIS) procedure was first described in 2017, and a high success rate of over 90% was reported in high complex fistulas. Since then, more studies and even a meta-analysis have corroborated the high efficacy of this procedure in high fistulas. Conventionally, the main focus was to close the internal (primary) opening for the fistula to heal. However, most complex fistulas have a component of the fistula tract in the intersphincteric plane. This component is like an abscess (sepsis) in a closed space (2 muscle layers). It is a well-known fact that in the presence of sepsis, healing by secondary intention leads to better results than attempting to heal by primary intention. Therefore, TROPIS is the first procedure in which, instead of closing the internal opening, the opening is widened by laying open the fistula tract in the intersphincteric plane so that healing can occur by secondary intention. Although the drainage of high intersphincteric abscesses through the transanal route was described 5 decades ago, the routine utilization of TROPIS for the definitive management of high complex fistulas was first described in 2017. The external anal sphincter (EAS) is completely spared in TROPIS, as the fistula tract on either side of the EAS is managed separately—inner (medial) to the EAS by laying open the intersphincteric space and outer (lateral) to the EAS by curettage or excision.
Стосовно фізичної величини, її істинного значення, похибки та непевності вимірювань
Authors: Проненко В. І.
Published: October 2023

Наприкінці 80-х років у журналі «Измерительная техника» («Вимірювальна техніка»), що видавався у СРСР тих років, була надрукована стаття Віталія Проненко, одного з творців сучасної наукової метрологічної школи, «Стосовно фізичної величини, її істинного значення, похибки та непевності вимірювань» («О физической величине, ее истинном значении, погрешности и неопределенности измерений»). Оскільки саме цього часу у світовій метрологічній спільності точиться полеміка стосовно перегляду основних понять та термінів у «Міжнародному словнику основних та загальних понять та термінів метрології та відповідних термінів», VIM-3, з метою створення нової його редакції VIM-4, редакція журналу вважає статтю В. Проненко актуальною сьогодні з огляду на загальнофілософський зміст розгляду сучасних понять і термінів і таких, якими пропонуються їх замінити. Сьогодні, в умовах воєнного часу в Україні, практично неможливо зв’язатись з редакцією журналу «Измерительная техника» і одержати її згоду, тому редакція журналу «Інфраструктура вимірювань» за згодою синів автора Сергія та Юрія Проненко (Віталій Проненко пішов з життя 1990 року) взяла на себе відповідальність перекласти статтю українською мовою і представити читачам на сайті журналу.
GENESIS AND CURRENT STATE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF UKRAINE IN THE FIELD OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
Authors: Baulin Oleg
Published: October 2023

The article considers the origins of international contacts of national forensic institutions and classifies and characterizes the historical stages of the development of international cooperation in the field of forensic science, revealing the legal basis of the international cooperation of Ukraine in the field of forensic science. The author expresses his own position on the problematic issues that have arisen in modern forensic practice in connection with the legal regulation of international cooperation.
Normative and legal principles of international cooperation in the field of forensic examination began to take shape in 1945 and today this process continues.
The peculiarity of the legal regulation of international cooperation of Ukraine in the field of forensic examination is that it is carried out through the provisions enshrined in the legislative acts of Ukraine (the Constitution of Ukraine, procedural codes and other laws of Ukraine) and international treaties and other documents recognized by Ukraine, of particular importance among which are the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.
The legal regulation of international cooperation of Ukraine in the field of forensic expertise is aimed at ensuring both the interests of justice and the interests of the state at the international level.
Provided for in Art. 23 of the Law of Ukraine «On Forensic Expertise», the right of the head of the state specialized institution conducting forensic examinations, in certain cases, to include leading experts from other states in expert commissions, simultaneously ensures the interests of Ukraine both in the administration of fair justice and at the international level.
Providing forensic experts who are not employees of state-specialized institutions with the opportunity to involve foreigners in the examination without appropriate control of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, especially in the context of martial law in Ukraine, may be harmful to the national security of Ukraine and adversely affect the interests of justice and the authority of Ukraine at the international level.
DIGITALIZATION AS A MODERN DRIVING FORCE FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITIES
Authors: Tsizhma Yurii , Lyshak Oleksandr , Tsizhma Oksana
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and methodological aspects of forensic examination, taking into account the processes of digitalization of society.
The main problems and features of conducting forensic examinations using elements of digital technologies are identified, and the expediency of using certain methods in different situations is indicated. The legal norms and limits of forensic examinations are outlined. Scientific provisions and possibilities of combining expert and scientific methods are analyzed.
The relevance of the study is determined by the introduction of the latest trends in forensic examinations in modern conditions and the formation of a new direction of digitization of forensic examinations. An important trend of modern forensic examination is its technologization, development and implementation of information, digital, telecommunication and other technologies. A comprehensive analysis of forensic expert activity made it possible to formulate a number of proposals regarding ways and means of improvement in today’s dynamic society.
Modern man is increasingly integrated into the field of digital technologies and delegates to them an ever-increasing number of those functional actions, which very recently were considered an indispensable advantage of the man himself as an intelligent and free being. Modern trends led to the expansion of the use of computer technologies in the process of conducting economic examinations. At present, these examinations are a set of actions carried out by trained experts who have accounting and legal knowledge and are also able to professionally use computer equipment, and modern software for research and analysis of information on the case under investigation.
The use of computer technologies makes it possible to improve the process of expert research, to reduce experts’ time spent on analysis, logic, calculations, arithmetic methods and other procedures, to create the necessary prerequisites for improving the quality and speed of expert research, to increase the effectiveness of the results of expert examinations, which are the main measures of improving the qualifications of practising experts there is a systematic passing of internships and conducting scientific research work by the specialists themselves. An important factor is also the exchange of experience with foreign experts through participation in scientific events abroad. Systematic internships and conducting scientific research work by the specialists themselves should be the main measures to improve the qualifications of practising experts.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PREPARATION OF AN INVESTIGATION OF VIOLATIONS OF THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR
Authors: Kohutych Ivan
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the material, as a result of which the need for the development of an educational and typical method of investigating the violation of the laws and customs of war (a crime stipulated in Article 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) has been announced.
On the basis of views generally known to the scientific community, it was established that, from a scientific point of view, the most important purpose of the methodology proposed for the development of the investigation of violations of the laws and customs of war should be the presentation of theoretical provisions and developed on their basis typical recommendations regarding providing the implementers of the pre-trial investigation of the specified crime with an appropriate system of procedural and extra-procedural (actually a forensically legalized) actions and measures of their optimal and effective activity to achieve the goal and tasks of criminal proceedings determined by it.
It is specified that the methodology updated in the process of development should cover the following main sections: 1) forensic characteristics of the crime provided for in Art. 438 of the Criminal Code; 2) typical investigative situations at the stage of identifying signs of violations of the laws and customs of war and the stages of its investigation; 3) forensic issues of initiation of criminal proceedings; 4) preparation (organization and planning) of the investigation; investigative versions, circumstances to be established by pre-trial investigation; 5) algorithm of investigative (search) public and private actions (other procedural and nonprocedural actions and measures); 6) peculiarities of the execution of the actions and measures provided for by this algorithm, as well as their complexes (tactical operations); 7) ensuring coordination of the activities of law enforcement agencies in the investigation and interaction with variously functioning state and non-state bodies, organizations, other subjects involved in this process; 8) forensic prevention measures.
Considerations regarding the general aspects of the organization of the investigation of violations of the laws and customs of war are outlined, with an emphasis on «operational and organizational issues». The essence of a) possible models of organization of the investigation of a violation of the laws and customs of war; b) principles of information and analytical work relevant to the investigation; c) unfavourable factors for the investigation in the conditions of war, related, first of all, to his qualification and adequate understanding of certain principles of criminal proceedings is partially revealed. Attention was drawn to high-profile cases of misunderstanding the purpose and tasks of the specified category of criminal proceedings, which led to reasonable doubts about the proper observance of the guarantees of the right to a fair trial.
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION BODIES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ORGANIZED CRIME IN THE FIELD OF TAXATION
Authors: Lukianchykov Yevhen , Lukianchykov Borys , Mykytenko Olha
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the issues of international cooperation between law enforcement agencies of states and international organizations in combating organized crime in the field of taxation. The forms and directions of the interaction of pre-trial investigation bodies with law enforcement agencies of other countries in countering organized crime in the field of taxation are analyzed. The study studied international treaties, the legislation of states (Ukraine, Germany, Poland, Italy), scientific achievements of scientists, statistical data on registered criminal offences and the results of their pre-trial investigation, and materials of criminal proceedings.
According to the results of the study, the interaction of investigative units with other law enforcement agencies and their units in Ukraine, as well as law enforcement agencies of other states, is proposed to be considered in two senses. One of them – is a guide, the principle of organization, which should guide the investigation process. The second – as a structural element of the methodology for investigating certain types of crimes, which should contain information about the experience of interaction of the investigator with other departments of law enforcement agencies, government agencies and public organizations, and, if necessary, with law enforcement agencies from other countries of the world (international cooperation).
The levels of international cooperation in combating crimes in the field of taxation committed by organized criminal groups are determined: bilateral (allows to take into account the peculiarities of law enforcement activities of each party to a greater extent, to agree on issues that are not equally regulated by the national legislation of each of them); regional (based on the principle of territoriality and allows taking into account the interests of the states of a particular region); universal (cooperation is carried out on the basis of Ukraine’s participation in world international organizations).
Forms of international cooperation in the field of combating crime are international legal assistance (conducting investigators and other legal proceedings, etc.), extradition of a person suspected of committing a crime (extradition institute), taking over of criminal proceedings; transfer of convicts to deprivation of liberty for further execution of punishment; international search; information exchange.
Proposals have been formulated to improve the interaction of investigative units with law enforcement agencies of other states in combating organized crime in the field of taxation based on the provisions of the Second Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters of 2001 on the possibility of direct communication between the competent authorities of Ukraine and the competent ones.
AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES AND EXPLOSIVE DEVICES AS OBJECTS OF CRIMINAL ATTACKS IN THE COMMISSION OF A CRIMINAL OFFENSE UNDER ARTICLE 263-1 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Yusupov Volodymyr
Published: October 2023

One of the subjects of criminal encroachment in the commission of a crime under Art. 263-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are ammunition, explosives and explosive devices. Such objects are capable of causing destruction, have the ability to cause bodily injury or death to a person and form significant material harm. At the present stage, in the absence of a basic law on weapons, in practice, there are certain problems with the qualification of the acts of persons as the illegal manufacture of ammunition, explosives and explosive devices. The article presents the concepts and types of these elements of the forensic characteristics of a crime under Art. 263-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The classification of ammunition, explosives and explosive devices makes it possible to differentiate a specific object as the subject of a crime under Art. 263-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, to determine its forensically significant properties and characteristics.
Particular attention is paid to traces that appear at the site of careless handling of ammunition, explosives and explosive devices. To inspect the sites of these incidents, it is imperative to involve specialists in ballistics, explosives specialists, as well as other persons with special knowledge in the field of ballistics and explosives. The presence of these specialists also ensures the safety of other participants in this investigative action.
Ammunition, explosives and explosive devices as objects of criminal assault have a close relationship with the personality of the offender, the method of committing a criminal offence and the pattern of traces. Therefore, the establishment of the objects of criminal encroachment and their study allow you to correctly select the methods, techniques and means of investigation, determine the optimal sequence of investigative actions, and also properly ensure the investigation of a crime under Art. 263-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
The article concludes with the importance of ammunition, explosives, and explosive devices for establishing the elements of a forensic characterization of a crime under Art. 263-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, and the need to use the special knowledge of experts involved in the relevant criminal proceedings.
FORENSIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTENTIONAL INTRODUCTION INTO CIRCULATION ON THE UKRAINIAN MARKET (RELEASE TO THE UKRAINIAN MARKET) OF DANGEROUS PRODUCTS
Authors: Kutsenko Vladyslav , Leonenko Maksym , Nazarenko Pavlo , Shyian Dmytro , Shyian Olha
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the analysis of scientific views, theoretical provisions and legislation, and examines the forensic characteristics of the deliberate introduction in the circulation of hazardous products on the market of Ukraine (release to the market of Ukraine).
The subject of the investigated crime is dangerous products. The main task of the stage of preparation for this crime is the deliberate creation of conditions for its commission. The method of directly committing the crime in question is the introduction into circulation (release on the Ukrainian market) of dangerous products, committed on a large scale. The methods of concealing the analyzed crime can be 1) destruction of the most dangerous products; 2) destruction of the raw materials from which it was made; 3) destruction or concealment of equipment on which hazardous products were produced or packaged (packaged); 4) destruction of documentation, which indicated the origin of the product or recorded the processes of economic activity associated with it; 5) making changes to the documents on the results of product testing; 6) a statement that the person did not know that the product was dangerous; 7) concealment of vehicles used to transport hazardous products. The typical consequences of the commission of the crime under study are the infliction of harm to human life, health, property or liability rights, as well as the environment.
An obligatory sign of the objective side of this crime is the place of the criminal offence – the market of Ukraine, which is defined in the title and disposition of the relevant criminal law norm. The commodity market (commodity market) is the sphere of circulation of goods (interchangeable goods), for which there is supply and demand for a certain time and within a certain territory. The subject of the crime in question is general – a physically sane person who has reached the age of 16. However, this does not exclude the possibility of its commission by a special subject, in particular, an official (official). The motives and goals of the analyzed criminal offence may be different: the benefit, unwillingness to spend energy and time on the proper manufacture or sale of good-quality products or good-quality goods or the performance of good-quality work or the provision of good-quality services, the desire to improve the work of the enterprise, personal interest, commission in the interests of third parties and etc.
PRESENTATION OF A PERSON FOR IDENTIFICATION BY A 3D APPEARANCE MODEL
Authors: Kovalenko Artem
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the formulation of the organizational and tactical foundations for the presentation of a person for identification by a 3D model of her appearance. The author notes that the named form of presentation for identification is a promising high-tech way of carrying out the mentioned investigative (detective) action, a logical development and a modern alternative to identification by photographs. To conduct the proposed study, a virtual (computer) scene was created, within which a demonstration of 3D models of a person’s appearance was worked out. It is advisable to involve at least two attesting witnesses in this procedural action and (or) to continuously film the identifying person at the same time as capturing the screen on which 3D models are shown. 3D models can be presented as recognizable faces on a monitor screen, in virtual reality (using VR glasses or a helmet) or in augmented reality (using AR glasses).
For identification, it is proposed to present 3D models of a recognizable face and at least three extras made using the forensic (signal) 3D scanning method. It is advisable to demonstrate the mentioned models to a recognizable person together and separately, as well as in a model of the environment in which the perception took place. In order to introduce into law enforcement, practice the procedure for presenting a person for identification using a 3D model, it is necessary to make appropriate changes to parts 6 and 7 of Article 228 Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine.
INSPECTION AND CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Sysoienko Hryhorii
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of individual procedural actions, namely the inspection and inspection of the scene of the event. The article examines the historical retrospective of the emergence and peculiarities of the specified procedural actions in the criminal procedural legislation of different years. The article examines the procedure for conducting an inspection and inspection of the scene of events according to the current Criminal Procedure Code, in particular, points out shortcomings and suggests ways to eliminate them.
the article examines the historical retrospective of the conduct of investigative search actions as a review and review of the scene of the incident, the specifics of the conduct of these procedural actions in the criminal procedural legislation of different years are determined. The problems in the issues of inspection and inspection of the scene of the incident in the current Criminal Procedure Code were identified and options were proposed to eliminate existing controversial issues by making changes to the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, for the purpose of effective pre-trial investigation.
SOME LEGAL AND GENERAL THEORETICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Koniushyn Yuliia
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the essence and certain aspects of the admissibility of leading questions in criminal proceedings. Those provisions of the modern doctrine, which categorically refuse to use this type of question in proof only on the basis that their formulation contains an answer, a part of an answer, or a hint of it, are called into question.
Each verbal-meaningful question, in general, really contains some initial information. The admissibility or inadmissibility of a leading question must be categorized not by the presence of introductory (basic) information in it and its suggestion, but by its origin, the moment of its appearance in the communicative act, compliance with the requirements, namely: 1) legality; 2) ethics, in particular: a) a manipulative leading question is inadmissible, which invariably prompts the addressee to provide the information desired by the addressee or to behave in accordance with his interests (make a decision, etc.); b) it is necessary to evaluate and take into account which social values the addressee will give priority to as a result of asking him a leading question (that is, the addressee must compare the purpose and objectives of criminal proceedings with familiar social values: family, family relations, etc.); c) that the information obtained as a result of the leading question (confession of guilt, positive reaction to involvement in a criminal offense or awareness of it, etc.) should not be considered (evaluated) as the only evidence of guilt, that is, that this information should be confirmed by other evidence as well; d) the question does not contain wording in an aggressive manner; e) a situation will not be created in which the addressee, by asking a question, directly or veiledly encourages the addressee to consider existing facts that have not yet been established in reality or are considered to exist based on information that has already been refuted; e) a situation will not be created in which the addressee, in the basis of the question, directly or veiledly operates with evidence that was previously recognized as inadmissible by the court; f) a situation will not be created in which the addressee, with a leading question, introduces a topic (idea) for discussion that was not previously the subject of direct questioning; g) a situation will not be created in which the addressee prompts the addressee to make an evaluative judgment with a leading question, etc.
DETERMINATION OF THE FACT OF TECHNICAL FORGERY OF A SIGNATURE IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Budzievskiy Maksym
Published: October 2023

The task of establishing the authenticity of document details, primarily signatures and handwritten notes by their executor, becomes relevant in connection with the development of copying and reproduction equipment and printing devices associated with software and computer tools that allow editing original images or copying and change the content of records made on behalf of other persons and pass them off as genuine.
Traditional methods of forging a technical signature are becoming increasingly obsolete, and there is a growing need for the development of new methods and technologies for protection against forgery.
One such technology is the reproduction of signatures using reproductions, which are produced using a plotter that uses a ballpoint pen as a printing device.
This technology makes it possible to reproduce signatures with high accuracy and quality and to convey small signs of any handwritten object, which, in turn, makes it extremely difficult for an expert to establish the fact and method of its technical imitation. In connection with the use of modern techniques for reproducing handwritten objects, publications on this topic began to appear in the scientific literature, but these works are clearly not enough.
This fact arouses interest in a deeper study of the problems of using new technologies for the forgery of documents, including from experts who conduct forensic examinations in this field and need scientific development of methods of performing handwriting objects using new technical means.
The result of the presented review was practical recommendations that allow us to discover a new technique of reproduction of signatures, namely, the technology of reproduction of a signature with the help of reproduction, which is carried out with the help of a plotter. The developed recommendations can be used by forensic experts in the field of technical forensic examination of documents and will prevent possible expert errors.