bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abdominal aortic junctional tourniquet (AAJT-S): a systematic review of utility in military practice
Authors: Webster Stacey , Ritson J E , Barnard E B G
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Haemorrhage is the leading cause of potentially survivable death on the battlefield. Despite overall improvement in battlefield mortality, there has been no improvement in survival following non-compressible torso haemorrhage (NCTH). The abdominal aortic junctional tourniquet-stabilised (AAJT-S) is a potential solution that may address this gap in improving combat mortality. This systematic review examines the evidence base for the safety and utility of the AAJT-S for prehospital haemorrhage control in the combat setting.

Methods

A systematic search of MEDLINE, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Embase (inception to February 2022) was performed using exhaustive terms, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. The search was limited to English-language publications in peer-reviewed journals; grey literature was not included. Human, animal and experimental studies were included. Papers were reviewed by all authors to determine inclusion. Each study was assessed for level of evidence and bias.

Results

14 studies met the inclusion criteria: 7 controlled swine studies (total n=166), 5 healthy human volunteer cases series (total n=251), 1 human case report and 1 mannikin study. The AAJT-S was demonstrated to be effective at cessation of blood flow when tolerated in healthy human and animal studies. It was easy to apply by minimally trained individuals. Complications were observed in animal studies, most frequently ischaemia-reperfusion injury, which was dependent on application duration. There were no randomised controlled trials, and the overall evidence base supporting the AAJT-S was low.

Conclusions

There are limited data of safety and effectiveness of the AAJT-S. However, there is a requirement for a far-forward solution to improve NCTH outcomes, the AAJT-S is an attractive option and high-quality evidence is unlikely to be reported in the near future. Therefore, if this is implemented into clinical practice without a solid evidence base it will need a robust governance and surveillance process, similar to resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta, with regular audit of use.
Effect of spousal military deployment during pregnancy on neonatal birth outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Morris Kirsten
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Stress experienced during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes including preterm delivery (PTD) and low birth weight (LBW). Pregnant spouses and partners of deployed military personnel can experience heightened stress due to several factors associated with the military lifestyle. This systematic review aims to ascertain whether deployment at the time of delivery increases the risk of PTD and/or LBW in babies born to pregnant spouses or partners of deployed service persons.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method by searching EMBASE, Medline, PubMed and Global Health databases from inception to March 2021. Keyword searches were used to identify primary research, English language journal articles, that included any military branch and reported a measure of PTD and/or LBW of babies born to spouses/partners of deployed service persons. Risk of bias was assessed with validated tools appropriate for study type and a narrative synthesis was performed.

Results

Three cohort or cross-sectional studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. All three studies were conducted in the US military, were published between 2005 and 2016 and included a cumulative total of 11 028 participants. Evidence suggests that spousal deployment may be a risk factor for PTD, although strength of evidence is weak. No association between spousal deployment and LBW was found.

Conclusion

Pregnant spouses and partners of deployed military personnel may be at increased risk of PTD. The strength of evidence is limited by a paucity of rigorous research in this area. No studies were identified that included service women in the UK Armed Forces. Further research is required to understand the perinatal needs of pregnant spouses/partners of deployed service persons and to understand if there are unmet clinical or social needs in this population.
Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: transarterial chemoembolisation plus Huachansu – a single-center randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gao Huifeng , He Jian , Cheng Chien-shan , Zhuang Liping , Chen Hao , Meng Zhiqiang
Published: July 2023

Objective

Huachansu, a Chinese medicine derived from the dried skin glands of toad venom, has been used in China since the 1970s to treat liver cancer. Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is the standard of care for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of TACE and Huachansu in unresectable HCC.

Methods

From September 2012 to September 2016, 120 patients diagnosed with unresectable HCC were prospectively enrolled. Patients were randomised at a 1:1 ratio into the combined treatment group (Huachansu–TACE) and the TACE treatment group. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and safety. The exploration outcome serum Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) α3 at baseline and 3-month follow-ups were compared for a prognostic role. All patients were subjected to 36-month follow-up.

Results

A total of 112 patients who completed the study were included in the analysis. PFS and OS were significantly better in the Huachansu–TACE group than in the TACE group (p=0.029 and p=0.025, respectively), with a median PFS of 6.8 and 5.3; and a median OS of 14.8 months and 10.7 months, respectively. Although no prognostic significance was found between the baseline NKA-low and NKA-high groups in the patients’ OS (p=0.48), its changes after 3-month follow-up showed significant prognostic values, of which, were 8.5 months and 23.8 months, respectively (p<0.001). Treatment-related adverse events were comparable between groups.

Conclusions

Huachansu–TACE is effective in prolonging the PFS and OS in patients with unresectable HCC.

Trial registration number

NCT01715532.
Searching for anomalous quartic gauge couplings at muon colliders using principal component analysis
Authors: Dong Yi-Fei , Mao Ying-Chen , Yang Ji-Chong
Published: July 2023

Searching for new physics (NP) is one of the areas of high-energy physics that requires the most processing of large amounts of data. At the same time, quantum computing has huge potential advantages when dealing with large amounts of data. The principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm may be one of the bridges connecting these two aspects. On the one hand, it can be used for anomaly detection, and on the other hand, there are corresponding quantum algorithms for PCA. In this paper, we investigate how to use PCA to search for NP. Taking the example of anomalous quartic gauge couplings in the tri-photon process at muon colliders, we find that PCA can be used to search for NP. Compared with the traditional event selection strategy, the expected constraints on the operator coefficients obtained by PCA based event selection strategy are even better.
A Synopsis of the Noninvertible, Two-Dimensional, Border-Collision Normal Form with Applications to Power Converters
Authors: Fatoyinbo Hammed Olawale , Simpson David J. W.
Published: July 2023

The border-collision normal form is a canonical form for two-dimensional, continuous maps comprised of two affine pieces. In this paper, we provide a guide to the dynamics of this family of maps in the noninvertible case where the two pieces fold onto the same half-plane. Most significantly we identify parameter regimes for the occurrence of key bifurcation structures, such as period-incrementing, period-adding, and robust chaos. We characterize the simplest and most dominant bifurcations and illustrate various dynamical possibilities such as invariant circles, two-dimensional attractors, and several cases of coexisting attractors. We then apply the results to a classic model of a boost converter for adjusting the voltage of direct current. It is known that for one combination of circuit parameters the model exhibits a border-collision bifurcation that mimics supercritical period-doubling and is noninvertible due to the switching mechanism of the converter. We find that over a wide range of parameter values, even though the dynamics created in border-collision bifurcations is in general extremely diverse, the bifurcation in the model can only mimic period-doubling, although it can be subcritical.
Summarizing Web Archive Corpora via Social Media Storytelling by Automatically Selecting and Visualizing Exemplars
Authors: Jones Shawn M. , Klein Martin , Weigle Michele C. , Nelson Michael L.
Published: July 2023

People often create themed collections to make sense of an ever-increasing number of archived web pages. Some of these collections contain hundreds of thousands of documents. Thousands of collections exist, many covering the same topic. Few collections include standardized metadata. This scale makes understanding a collection an expensive proposition. Our Dark and Stormy Archives (DSA) five-process model implements a novel summarization method to help users understand a collection by combining web archives and social media storytelling. The five processes of the DSA model are: select exemplars, generate story metadata, generate document metadata, visualize the story, and distribute the story. Selecting exemplars produces a set of
k
documents from the
N
documents in the collection, where
k
< <
N
, thus reducing the number of documents visitors need to review to understand a collection. Generating story and document metadata selects images, titles, descriptions, and other content from these exemplars. Visualizing the story ties this metadata together in a format the visitor can consume. Without distributing the story, it is not shared for others to consume. We present a research study demonstrating that our algorithmic primitives can be combined to select relevant exemplars that are otherwise undiscoverable using a conventional search engine and query generation methods. Having demonstrated improved methods for selecting exemplars, we visualize the story. Previous work established that the social card is the best format for visitors to consume surrogates. The social card combines metadata fields, including the document’s title, a brief description, and a striking image. Social cards are commonly found on social media platforms. We discovered that these platforms perform poorly for mementos and rely on web page authors to supply the necessary values for these metadata fields. With web archives, we often encounter archived web pages that predate the existence of this metadata. To generate this missing metadata and ensure that storytelling is available for these documents, we apply machine learning to generate the images needed for social cards with a Precision@1 of 0.8314. We also provide the length values needed for executing automatic summarization algorithms to generate document descriptions. Applying these concepts helps us create the visualizations needed to fulfill the final processes of story generation. We close this work with examples and applications of this technology.
Cellular microRNAs target SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and restrict viral replication
Authors: Vaddadi Kishore , Gandikota Chaitanya , Huang Chaoqun , Liang Yurong , Liu Lin
Published: July 2023

MicroRNAs can impact viruses either by directly interacting with the virus genome or by modulating host factors. We identified that cellular miRNAs regulate effective antiviral defense against SARS-CoV-2 via modulating spike protein expression, which may offer a potential candidate for antiviral therapy.
IBS randomized study: FODMAPs alter bile acids, phenolic- and tryptophan metabolites, while gluten modifies lipids
Authors: Nordin Elise , Hellström Per M. , Vuong Eddie , Ribbenstedt Anton , Brunius Carl , Landberg Rikard
Published: July 2023

In irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) affected microbial-derived metabolites relating to positive health outcomes such as reduced risk of colon cancer, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes, as shown in previous studies. The minor IBS symptom induction by FODMAP intake must be weighed against the positive health aspects of FODMAP consumption. Gluten affected lipids weakly with no association to IBS severity.
Ultra-Endurance triathlon competition shifts fecal metabolome independent of changes to microbiome composition
Authors: Grosicki Gregory J. , Pugh Jamie , Wosinska Laura , Quilter Karina , Mattimoe Darragh , Allen Jacob , Joyce Susan A. , O’Sullivan Orla , Close Graeme L.
Published: July 2023

This is the first study to characterize acute changes in gut microbial ecology and metabolism following an ultra-endurance triathlon. We demonstrate changes in gut microbial community function, but not structure, as well as several associations between gut microbiome and fecal metabolome characteristics with race completion time and lifetime history of endurance training. These data add to a small but growing body of literature seeking to characterize the acute and chronic effects of exercise on the gut microbial ecosystem.
Impact of high-intensity interval training on cardiac structure and function after COVID-19: an investigator-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rasmussen Iben Elmerdahl , Løk Mathilde , Durrer Cody Garett , Foged Frederik , Schelde Vera Graungaard , Budde Josephine Bjørn , Rasmussen Rasmus Syberg , Høvighoff Emma Fredskild , Rasmussen Villads , Lyngbæk Mark , Jønck Simon , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , Lindegaard Birgitte , Jørgensen Peter Godsk , Køber Lars , Vejlstrup Niels , Klarlund Pedersen Bente , Ried-Larsen Mathias , Lund Morten Asp Vonsild , Christensen Regitse Højgaard , Berg Ronan M. G.
Published: July 2023

In this randomized clinical trial on individuals previously hospitalized for COVID-19, a 12 wk supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) scheme was found to increase left ventricular mass, whereas pulmonary diffusing capacity was unaffected. The findings indicate that HIIT is an efficacious exercise intervention for targeting the heart after COVID-19.
Endothelial to mesenchymal transition in neonatal hyperoxic lung injury: role of sex as a biological variable
Authors: Cantu Abiud , Cantu Gutierrez Manuel , Zhang Yuhao , Dong Xiaoyu , Lingappan Krithika
Published: July 2023

We show that neonatal hyperoxia exposure increased EndoMT markers in the lung endothelial cells and this biological process exhibits sex-specific differences.
Longitudinal Height Growth in Children and Adolescents with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Compared to Controls in Pune, India
Authors: Areekal Sandra Aravind , Khadilkar Anuradha , Goel Pranay , Cole Tim J.
Published: July 2023

Background. Height growth is affected by longterm childhood morbidity. Objectives. To compare the growth curves of Indian children diagnosed with Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and a control group of children without diabetes, and to see how parental height and disease severity affect the growth pattern. Subjects and Methods. The data came from: (i) the Sweetlings T1DM (STDM) study with 460 subjects aged 4–19 years, previously diagnosed with T1DM and followed for 2–6 (median 3) years, with repeat measurements of height and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and (ii) the Pune School-Children Growth (PSCG) study with 1,470 subjects aged 4–19 years, and height measured annually for median 6 years. Height growth was modeled using SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR), a mixed effects model which fits a cubic spline mean curve and summarizes individual growth in terms of differences in mean size, and pubertal timing and intensity. Results. SITAR explained 99% of the variance in height, the mean curves by sex showing that compared to controls, the children with diabetes were shorter (by 4/5 cm for boys/girls), with a later (by 1/6 months) and less intense (−5%/−10%) pubertal growth spurt. Adjusted for mean height, timing and intensity, the diabetic and control mean curves were very similar in shape. SITAR modeling showed that mean HbA1c peaked at 10.5% at age 15 years, 1.0% higher than earlier in childhood. Individual growth patterns were highly significantly related to parental height, age at diabetes diagnosis, diabetes duration, and mean HbA1c. Mean height was 3.4 cm more per + 1 SD midparental height, and in girls, 2 cm less per + 1 SD HbA1c. Conclusion. The results show that the physiological response to T1DM is to grow more slowly, and to delay and extend the pubertal growth spurt. The effects are dose-related, with more severe disease associated with greater growth faltering.
Competition on the medical robotics markets for elderly
Authors: Leonid Sobolev
Published: July 2023

Population aging becomes one of the most significant 21st century social challenges. These challenges strongly reflect on the industry, labor, and financial markets. Population aging increases the demand for medicines, diagnostic equipment, and medical services. Both developed and developing countries have problems resulting from the current shortage of health workers and a limited supply of medical equipment. An alternative for medical staff growth is the robotization of medical services. However, robotics is economically justified when the costs of medical robots are lower than the construction of additional medical clinics and the increase in medical staff. Medical robotics appeared on the market later than the industrial and military ones but has recently found increasing use in high-income countries. Low and middle-income countries could not acquire expensive medical robots in sufficient quantities. The increased competition in the medical robotics market will lead to price reductions and make robotized services available for wide use. The article analyses the competition in segments of the medical robotics markets, connected with population aging.
Semi-automated mid-turbinate swab sampling using a six degrees of freedom collaborative robot and cameras
Authors: Leung Michael , Ortiz Ricardo , Jo Bruce W.
Published: July 2023

Mid-turbinate swab sampling is an effective way to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Several articles discussed the importance and benefits of using robotic technology to alleviate healthcare workers’ daily burdens against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, a semi-automated approach for collecting swab samples from the mid-turbinate area-approximately 4 cm inside the nose is proposed. The system utilizes a six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) Doosan Robot M1509 and two smart visual sensors: one on the end effector and the other fixed to the side for estimating the angle of the nasal path. This work suggests a method of robot and human collaboration in the sampling process that could minimize infections from samplings and guarantee uniformly administered sampling processes. The effectiveness of this proposed work was tested on a live patient and a phantom head; meanwhile, the insertion process was only administered on the phantom head. Although the overall time of the experiment was greater than a manual swab, the feasibility of implementing robotic applications for COVID-19 swab sampling has been practically showcased in this paper.
Nematicidal and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract from Tithonia diversifolia grown in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Dang-Minh-Chanh , Luong Thi-Hoan , Nguyen Xuan-Hoa , Jung Woo-Jin
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of the Tithonia diversifolia leaf extract (TDE) against Meloidogyne incognita under in vitro and pot conditions. In addition, the antioxidant activity of TDE was evaluated using the 2,2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The results revealed that TDE possesses antioxidant potential. Nematicidal activity bioassays revealed that the TDE treatment resulted in 3.0, 16.3, 36.6, 52.4 and 64.2% second-stage juvenile (J2) hatch inhibition at MeOH control, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg ml−1, respectively, for a 5-day treatment. The corresponding values for a 10-day treatment were 3.3, 16.0, 30.7, 56.0 and 69.3%, respectively. The TDE treatment resulted in 64.6, 86.4, 95.3 and 100% J2 movement inhibition at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg ml−1, respectively, for a 48 h treatment. In pot experiments, at 60 days after treatment (DAT), the J2 populations in non-treated, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg TDE (g soil)−1, and Tervigo 020SC 1.0 mg (g soil)−1 were 477.1, 277.3, 142.7, 23.9 and 19.7 per 5 g of root, respectively. The corresponding values in 100 g of soil were 33.2, 5.5, 3.6, 1.1 and 4.0, respectively. The relative galling formation on the Robusta coffee plants was 100, 55.3, 39.1, 33.5 and 80.8% in the non-treated, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg TDE (g soil)−1, and Tervigo-treated plants, respectively. These results may provide crucial information for exploring the nematicidal metabolites of TDE against M. incognita. Therefore, the purified active compounds of TDE should be identified in future studies before the commercialisation of TDE for the biocontrol of M. incognita.
Dirty Hands Defended
Authors: Eggert Linda
Published: July 2023

This paper defends the possibility of dirty hands against the longstanding skepticism that an action cannot be simultaneously right and wrong and that dirty hands cases are therefore impossible. While skeptics are right to recognize that prima facie reasons against violating moral duties may be overridden, they are wrong to deny that actions required by necessity may nevertheless remain wrong. Dirty hands cases capture the simultaneous necessity of disregarding moral duties in certain circumstances and the reprehensibility of wronging people even in cases in which this is all-things-considered permissible. Rather than indicating any deficiency in our moral reasoning, the capacity to accommodate the possibility of dirty hands, along with the reality of moral conflict, is a strength of a moral theory.
Jóhann Páll Árnason: A Pražák
Authors: Dunaj Ľubomír
Published: July 2023

The “Czechoslovakian Sixties” can be described as the culmination of an incredible intellectual activity. Jóhann P. Árnason spent this time as a student at Charles University in Prague, deeply immersed in the Czech and Slovak intellectual life. This article claims that his personal experience with “Czechoslovakian (Hi)Story,” as well as with its intellectual reflections, significantly influenced the development of his socio-theoretical point of view. However, this ambitious claim will be confined to only three foci. First, Jóhann Árnason will be placed into the Czechoslovakian context. By this, the intellectual and artistic achievements of the 1960s will be put into contrast with the creative “impotence” of the 1990s, which, inter alia, is a consequence of the dominance of the transitological approach in political and social sciences at that time (i.). This approach is strongly criticized across the paper, especially in the second part, introducing Boris Buden’s critique of it (ii.) Finally, that “intellectual impotence” will be explained by using Árnason’s reading of Jan Patočka’s text Supercivilization and its Inner Conflict (iii.).
Atmospheric Response to a Collapse of the North Atlantic Circulation under a Mid-Range Future Climate Scenario: A Regime Shift in Northern Hemisphere Dynamics
Authors: Orbe Clara , Rind David , Miller Ron L. , Nazarenko Larissa S. , Romanou Anastasia , Jonas Jeffrey , Russell Gary L. , Kelley Maxwell , Schmidt Gavin A.
Published: July 2023

Climate models project a future weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), but the impacts of this weakening on climate remain highly uncertain. A key challenge in quantifying the impact of an AMOC decline is in isolating its influence on climate, relative to other changes associated with increased greenhouse gases. Here we isolate the climate impacts of a weakened AMOC in the broader context of a warming climate using a unique ensemble of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 2–4.5 integrations that was performed using the Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) version of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE (E2.1). In these runs internal variability alone results in a spontaneous bifurcation of the ocean flow, wherein 2 out of 10 ensemble members exhibit an entire AMOC collapse, while the other 8 members recover at various stages despite identical forcing of each ensemble member and with no externally prescribed freshwater perturbation. We show that an AMOC collapse results in an abrupt northward shift and strengthening of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) Hadley cell (HC) and intensification of the northern midlatitude eddy-driven jet. We then use a set of coupled atmosphere–ocean abrupt CO2 experiments spanning the range 1 times to 5 times CO2 (1x to 5xCO2) to show that this response to an AMOC collapse results in a nonlinear shift in the NH circulation moving from 2xCO2 to 3xCO2. Slab-ocean versions of these experiments, by comparison, do not capture this nonlinear behavior. Our results suggest that changes in ocean heat flux convergences associated with an AMOC collapse—while highly uncertain—can result in profound changes in the NH circulation and continued efforts to constrain the AMOC response to future climate change are needed.
Effect of Atherogenic Index of Plasma on Pre-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Flow in Patients With ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Aydınyılmaz Faruk , Özbeyaz Nail Burak , Guliyev İlkin , Algül Engin , Şahan Haluk Furkan , Kalkan Kamuran
Published: July 2023

Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is primarily responsible, the importance of triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has also been recognized. The present study investigated the effect of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), in which atherogenic and protective lipoproteins were evaluated together, on the initial flow in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. AIP was calculated as log(TG/HDL-cholesterol). Patients included in the study (n = 1535) were divided into Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 0 and >0. AIP was found to be significantly different between 2 groups (.55 ± .23 vs .67 ± .21; P < .001). AIP was an independent predictor for pre-intervention TIMI flow (Odds Ratio: 2.778). A moderate correlation was found between TIMI frame count measurements, calculated in patients with TIMI 2–3, and AIP (Pearson correlation coefficient: .63, P < .001). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, AIP showed the highest area under curve (AUC) compared with other lipid parameters for predicting vascular patency. The AUC of AIP was .634, the cut-off value was .59, and the sensitivity and specificity were 67.6% and 68.4%, respectively ( P < .001). In conclusion, AIP was found to be an important marker affecting pre-percutaneous coronary intervention TIMI flow.
Old dog, new tricks? Exploring the potential functionalities of ChatGPT in supporting educational methods in social psychiatry
Authors: Smith Alexander , Hachen Stefanie , Schleifer Roman , Bhugra Dinesh , Buadze Anna , Liebrenz Michael
Published: July 2023

Background:

Artificial Intelligence is ever-expanding and large-language models are increasingly shaping teaching and learning experiences. ChatGPT is a prominent recent example of this technology and has generated much debate around the benefits and disadvantages of chatbots in educational domains.

Aim:

This study seeks to demonstrate the possible use-cases of ChatGPT in supporting educational methods specific to social psychiatry.

Methods:

Through interactions with ChatGPT 3.5, we asked this technology to list six ways in which it could aid social psychiatry teaching. Subsequently, we requested that ChatGPT perform one of the tasks it identified in its responses.

Findings:

ChatGPT highlighted several roles it could fulfil in educational settings, including as an information provider, a tool for debates and discussions, a facilitator of self-directed learning and a content-creator for course materials. For the latter scenario, based on another prompt, ChatGPT generated a hypothetical case vignette for a topic relevant to social psychiatry.

Conclusions:

Based on our experiences, ChatGPT can be an effective teaching tool, offering opportunities for active and case-based learning for students and instructors in social psychiatry. However, in their current form, chatbots have several limitations that must be considered, including misinformation and inherent biases, although these may only be temporary in nature as these technologies continue to advance. Accordingly, we argue that large-language models can support social psychiatry education with appropriate caution and encourage educators to become attuned to their potential through further detailed research in this area.
Stepping-up social work services among families displaced by war
Authors: Collado Zaldy C
Published: July 2023

Hosting internally displaced people (IDPs) may later on develop into frustration and animosity. To strengthen the chances for building back better, social work practice may mediate in these hosting arrangements to ensure a smooth and sustainable transition. This is perhaps an unexplored opportunity to step up social welfare services among people displaced by war.
The Suppression and Othering of Black Lives Matter Protests Through Tear Gas
Authors: Cachelin Shala
Published: July 2023

Following its formation in 2013, Black Lives Matter (BLM) has evolved into an important social and political movement. However, the organization’s efforts to oppose racial inequality and police brutality through protest routinely have been met with a violent response by law enforcement, including the employment of various “less-lethal” weapons. This article aims to explore and analyze the ways in which tear gas has been used to discipline BLM protesters between 2014 and 2020. Drawing upon themes of race, empire, identity, war, and biopower as they coalesce within metropolitan protest sites, this article argues that colonial logics, power structures, and hierarchies inform the deployment of tear gas on BLM protesters today. While the eras of slavery and Jim Crow may have formally ended, their legacies and exclusionary structures continue to influence the way movements for Black advancement are suppressed using tear gas.
You Should Be Ashamed of Yourself: Culture and Shame Driven Personal Growth
Authors: Liyanage Nethmie , Usoof-Thowfeek Ramila
Published: July 2023

Although shame is largely viewed as a negative, destructive emotion, it is very commonly exercised in collectivistic cultures. Shame, an emotion thought to confront the self, often leading to maladaptive self-defensive actions, has been shown to also harbor a positive potential that can motivate people toward self-improvement. Collectivistic cultures that promote shame appear to rely on this positive potential of shame. This article reviews available literature to explore how and why shame lends itself to personal growth in the collectivistic cultures, contradicting its evidenced tendency to provoke self-defense. An extensive study of the literature uncovered four cultural differences in the perception of self, namely, in self-esteem, self-enhancement, self-concept inconsistency, and incremental belief of self which this article argues lead to self-defensiveness or self-improvement. We also argue that lower levels of self-esteem and self-enhancement observed in collectivistic cultures, as well as the propensity to perceive self as inconsistent and incremental, facilitate the positive action potential of shame, preventing self-defense reactions. We conclude that, while self-threatening shame can be more destructive than adaptive in certain cultures, collectivistic cultures tend to depend on their capacity to avail themselves of the positive potential of shame to ensure successful communal living.
Construction of a simulation model of electromagnetic shielding clothing for shielding effectiveness analysis
Authors: Wang Xiuchen , Zhang Wenjing , Liu Zhe
Published: July 2023

Electromagnetic shielding (EMS) clothing is mainly studied for its shielding effectiveness (SE) through practical testing at present, which has many problems such as large experimental error and time and labor consumption. This paper proposes a method for constructing a simulation model of EMS clothing based on feature section replacement. Firstly, a human body model based on an elliptical truncated cone is established. A feature section of the key parts is built according to the morphological characteristics of the human body. Then a clothing structure model is established by replacing the corresponding sections in the elliptical truncated cone model with these feature sections. A digital description method for the model is given. The finite integral method is selected to calculate the SE of each test part when the clothing is completely closed, and the clothing contains holes and seams. By comparison with the measured value, it is concluded that the results of the constructed simulation model are in good agreement with the measured values. This paper establishes a new method to study the SE of EMS clothing, which provides a new approach for the design, production, evaluation and related research of EMS clothing.
Positive and Negative Experiences With Supportive Services and Programming: Gaps and Recommendations From Youth Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Tan Judy Y. , Ratliff G. Allen , Lund Ilsa , Adams Sherilyn , Auerswald Colette , Lightfoot Marguerita
Published: July 2023

Services for youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) are designed with limited input from the youth themselves. This study explored the experiences and recommendations for services aimed at mitigating the negative effects of homelessness among youth. A total of 45 interviews were conducted with YEH (ages 15 to 24, M = 21.5 years) who experienced at least one night of homelessness. Transcripts were coded by using a modified constructivist grounded theory approach. YEH reported myriad challenges to navigating disjointed programming and misguided policies. Recommendations from YEH for policy and programmatic change include peacekeeping and diffusion training for program staff, trauma-informed approaches, and conflict resolution among agency staff; and integrate creative outlets and transitional services into existing programs. Programming supporting YEH must extend beyond meeting only basic needs to creating opportunities for safety, autonomy, and growth. Programs targeting youth homelessness need input from YEH in their design and implementation.
Spontaneous Otogenic Intracranial Pneumocephalus: A Case Report
Authors: Song Yuwan , Lu Guowei , Liu Sha , Liang Tiantian , Song Xicheng , Sun Yan
Published: July 2023

Spontaneous otogenic pneumocephalus (SOP) is a rare condition. We report a case of SOP that may be related to repeated Valsalva maneuvers. A young woman underwent repeated Valsalva maneuvers to restore Eustachian tube function and subsequently developed symptoms that included otalgia, headache, and nausea. A temporal bone computed tomography scan was performed and a diagnosis of SOP was made. Subsequent surgical treatment was performed and no recurrence was found during the 1-year follow-up period. The rarity of SOP and its potential for misdiagnosis pose significant challenges in clinical practice. The Valsalva maneuver is 1 of the contributing factors to this phenomenon. Otologists should be familiar with the potential complications of the Valsalva maneuver and use it with greater caution.
Political existentiality in Carl Schmitt; reenchanting the political
Authors: Van de Wall Ben
Published: July 2023

Carl Schmitt described the political in existential terms. The political consists in the distinction between friend and enemy, a distinction between collectivities that are existentially different. This led Richard Wolin to label Schmitt a “political existentialist” whose work relies on a specific cultural and philosophical climate of “vitalism.” Consequently, Schmitt’s thought is treated as ideology by Wolin. Instead of focusing on Schmitt’s underlying ideological affinity with a particular cultural climate, this paper attempts to conceptualize the notion of “political existentiality” as a crucial element in Schmitt’s understanding of the political and defend it as a notion that reveals something about the political condition itself. In order to understand the meaning of existentiality, we will conceptualize it against the background of Max Weber’s disenchantment thesis and conclude that through the notion of political existentiality Schmitt conceptualizes the political sphere as a locus of meaning and values and thus reenchants the political.
Book review: Durba Mitra, Indian Sex Life: Sexuality and the Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought
Authors: Mukherjee Sreya
Published: July 2023

Durba Mitra, Indian Sex Life: Sexuality and the Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought (Princeton, NY: Princeton University Press, 2020), vii+ 290 pp.
Intermittent hypoxia protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by inducing functional angiogenesis
Authors: Guan Yuying , Gu Yakun , Shao Haitao , Ma Wei , Li Gaifen , Guo Mengyuan , Shao Qianqian , Li Yuning , Liu Yingxia , Wang Chaoyu , Tian Zhengming , Liu Jia , Ji Xunming
Published: July 2023

Ischemic stroke (IS) induces neurological damage due to cerebrovascular occlusion. Restoring blood perfusion to the ischemic brain area in a timely fashion is the most effective treatment strategy. Hypoxia is an effective way of restoring blood perfusion by improving cerebrovascular microcirculation, while the effect varies greatly depending on hypoxic mode. This study aimed to screen for the optimal hypoxic mode to improve cerebrovascular microcirculation and prevent IS. Here, we found that compared with continuous hypoxia (CH), intermittent hypoxia (IH) significantly improved cerebral blood flow and oxygen saturation in mice without causing neurological impairment. By analyzing cerebrovascular microcirculation from mice, we found that the IH mode (13%, 5*10) with 13% O2, 5 min interval, and 10 cycles per day significantly improved the cerebrovascular microcirculation by promoting angiogenesis without affecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, IH (13%, 5*10) treatment of distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) mice significantly alleviated neurological dysfunction and reduced cerebral infarct volume by improving cerebrovascular microcirculation. CH had none of these positive effects. In summary, our study screened for an appropriate intermittent hypoxic mode that could improve cerebrovascular microcirculation, laying a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of IS in clinical practice.
Does Rude or Kind Behavior Predict Later Academic Achievement? Evidence From Two Samples of Adolescents
Authors: Jensen Julia , Köller Olaf , Zimmermann Friederike
Published: July 2023

This study examined whether adolescent students’ externalizing behavior and prosocial behavior affects their academic achievement (i.e., school grades and standardized test scores) in two major academic domains (i.e., mathematics and German) over and above well-established determinants of school achievement (i.e., prior achievement, intelligence, and domain-specific self-concepts). The study draws on longitudinal data from two independent samples of students (A/B) who were each followed from Grade 7 to Grade 9 ( N A/B = 1143/1345). In each academic domain, structural equation models showed that externalizing behavior negatively predicted and prosocial behavior positively predicted academic achievement. When both behaviors were included simultaneously, prosocial behavior particularly predicted school grades in both domains, whereas externalizing behavior particularly predicted test scores in mathematics. Further analyses did not suggest differences between boys and girls in the effects of social behavior on academic achievement. Implications for future research and educational practice are discussed.
Investigation of Phenylbutazone in Synovial Fluid
Authors: Farr Margaret , Willis J V
Published: July 2023

1. Phenylbutazone was measured in the synovial fluid of 15 patients and found to be present in appreciable amounts which were related to plasma levels.

2. 80% of fluid levels were between 55% and 80% of those in plasma.

3. There was some evidence that in very actively inflamed joints phenylbutazone levels were lower.

4. There was no relationship to plasma or synovial fluid protein levels.

5. Phenylbutazone was found in one patient's synovial fluid three weeks after stopping the drug.
Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Serum Chemistry
Authors: Kendall M J
Published: July 2023

1. Biochemical abnormalities are frequently observed when the sera of rheumatoid patients are analyzed.

2. The serum cholesterol, bilirubin, glucose and proteins are significantly related to the activity of the disease.

3. The possible effects of drug therapy are discussed and described. It seems that the way in which drugs modify a patient's serum chemistry may be used to assess the efficacy with which they control the inflammatory process.
Osteoarthrosis of the Hip: Synergism or Additive Effect in Combined Medication (with Corticosteroid and Phenylbutazone)
Authors: Wright V , Hopkins R , Asiedu-Ofei S , Fowler P D
Published: July 2023

A double-blind study has been carried out in 30 patients to assess the value of Delta-Butazolidin (phenylbutazone 50 mg + prednisone 1.25 mg) in osteoarthrosis of the hip; and to establish the relative importance of the two active constituents. An incomplete crossover design was used, patients being divided into three groups. Each group received, in a randomly allocated sequence, two of the following three medications, for a period of three weeks: Delta-Butazolidin, prednisone 1.25 mg, placebo. The dosage administered was one tablet three times a day, and paracetamol was allowed as rescue analgesic.

The following examinations and assessments were carried out: pain, inter-malleolar spread, walking time, tolerability, paracetamol consumption, haemoglobin, WBC and platelet count, ESR, phenylbutazone plasma levels.

Delta-Butazolidin was found to be more effective than prednisone and placebo for all the variables assessed (except that prednisone had more effect on haemoglobin levels). Prednisone alone was more effective than placebo alone for all parameters (except walking time).

The therapeutic blood levels of phenylbutazone achieved using the small dose of Butazolidin raise the question whether smaller doses of this drug could be recommended in the treatment of patients with osteoarthrosis, with a likely decrease in the incidence of side-effects.

Even though Delta-Butazolidin was the most effective preparation, the clear effect of prednisone alone on a number of parameters strongly suggests that there is an inflammatory component in osteoarthrosis of the hip.
Drug and Non-Drug Factors Influencing Adverse Reactions to Pyrazoles
Authors: Fowler P D , Faragher E B
Published: July 2023

Some of the factors influencing the likelihood of the appearance of adverse drug reactions in patients are identified and discussed. Ways of quantifying some of the risks of adverse reactions in different patients are demonstrated. It is pointed out that adverse reaction data can give valuable guidance for both day-to-day patient management and for the initiation or guidance of research projects. In this latter connection, this study highlights the difference in time of onset between aplastic anaemia and agranulocytosis, suggesting different mechanisms of reaction.

The majority of adverse reactions occur during the first three weeks of treatment and it is during this time that patients must be most carefully supervised. The old patients should be watched with particular care.

It is concluded that age, sex, disease being treated, length of treatment and even the geographical location where the patient lives, can affect the time, type, frequency and outcome of an adverse drug reaction.
Prioritising patients for hospital occupational therapy to reduce inpatient falls: A retrospective case-control study to identify predictive patient falls risk factors
Authors: Harper Kristie J , Mast Emily , Carter Grace , Katnich Trey , Oldham Vincent , Morrisby Claire
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Prompt identification of patients susceptible to falls is required by occupational therapists to initiate early falls prevention and management strategies. This study identified the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors of patients who experience early inpatient falls (within 48 hours of admission).

Method:

A retrospective case-control study was completed at a tertiary hospital. Data were extracted from medical records. Adults aged 18 years and older, admitted with any diagnosis, to any ward within the hospital between July 2019 and June 2020 were included. Cases were identified as those who fell within 48 hours of admission and controls did not experience a fall.

Results:

The study sample included 218 patients (109 cases and 109 control patients). Most falls occurred in the patient’s room ( n = 54) or bathroom ( n = 47), as a result of slipping ( n = 50) or while patients were toileting ( n = 32). Multivariate regression analysis identified significant predictors of inpatient falls, including unassisted mobilisation (odds ratio (OR) 5.25), impaired balance (OR 7.25), reduced muscle strength (OR 5.25) and impulsivity (OR 19.57). Receiving occupational therapy reduced risk of falling by 81%.

Conclusion:

Falls risk factors that are predictive of early inpatient falls should be identified at admission and used to prioritise patients for occupational therapy.
Identifying Measures of Emotional Intelligence and Dangerous Driving
Authors: Ahmed Jubaer , Ward Nicholas , Otto Jay , McMahill Annmarie , Miller Erika E.
Published: July 2023

Dangerous driving behaviors are a public safety concern. These behaviors are heavily influenced and can be triggered by emotions. Emotions, and their resultant behaviors, are influenced by emotional intelligence (EI), defined as an individual’s ability to identify and differentiate between emotions, and make decisions based on them. The objective of this study was to determine the best EI and dangerous driving behavior measures. This exploratory study examined methods to measure EI and its possible relationship with various measures of dangerous driving behavior among 155 adult drivers in the United States with a valid driver’s license. Participants completed an online survey, which included three scales for EI assessment (TEIQue, GENOS, WLEIS) and three dangerous driving behavior scales (DDDI, DBQ, DBI), along with questions about past crashes and citations. Responses from the survey were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation, linear regression, and binary logistic regression. Significant correlations were observed between all driving behaviors and the TEIQue EI scales. Notably, the TEIQue total EI and emotionality subscales emerged as the most influential predictors of dangerous driving behaviors. Participants with higher scores in total EI and emotionality engaged in fewer dangerous driving behaviors. Furthermore, the GENOS and WLEIS EI scales failed to predict dangerous driving behaviors. This study suggests that driver EI should be analyzed using the TEIQue EI scale and driving behaviors should be measured using the DDDI and DBQ scales. Moreover, promoting and improving EI could be useful in preventing dangerous driving behaviors among drivers and reducing their fatality rates on the road.