bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic modulation of the HTR2A gene reduces anxiety-related behavior in mice
Authors: Rohn Troy T , Radin Dean , Brandmeyer Tracy , Linder Barry J , Andriambeloson Emile , Wagner Stéphanie , Kehler James , Vasileva Ana , Wang Huaien , Mee John L , Fallon James H
Published: June 2023

The expanding field of precision gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 has demonstrated its potential as a transformative technology in the treatment of various diseases. However, whether this genome-editing tool could be used to modify neural circuits in the central nervous system (CNS), which are implicated in complex behavioral traits, remains uncertain. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of noninvasive, intranasal delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors containing CRISPR/Cas9 cargo within the CNS resulting in modification of the HTR2A receptor gene. In vitro, exposure to primary mouse cortical neurons to AAV9 vectors targeting the HT2RA gene led to a concentration-dependent decrease in spontaneous electrical activity following multielectrode array (MEA) analysis. In vivo, at 5 weeks postintranasal delivery in mice, analysis of brain samples revealed single base pair deletions and nonsense mutations, leading to an 8.46-fold reduction in mRNA expression and a corresponding 68% decrease in the 5HT-2A receptor staining. Our findings also demonstrate a significant decrease in anxiety-like behavior in treated mice. This study constitutes the first successful demonstration of a noninvasive CRISPR/Cas9 delivery platform, capable of bypassing the blood–brain barrier and enabling modulation of neuronal 5HT-2A receptor pathways. The results of this study targeting the HTR2A gene provide a foundation for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for a broad range of neurological disorders, including anxiety, depression, attentional deficits, and cognitive dysfunction.
In the Meantime: RE/UN/DIScover Heuristic for Small-Scale Antioppressive Action within Systems and Organizations
Authors: Keenan Elizabeth King
Published: June 2023

The dehumanizing effects of neoliberal, white dominant regulations, laws, policies, and cultural assumptions seep into the everyday practice of social workers in frontline and mid-level positions. Many social workers are learning various antioppressive practices and becoming aware of how microaggressions and other oppressive dynamics can manifest in workplaces but lack models to guide efforts for small-scale action. This article describes how the RE/UN/DIScover heuristic can be used to interrupt and shift oppressive processes during everyday moments of practice within organizations and systems by social workers and their interested colleagues who have some awareness of oppressive and antioppressive dynamics. The RE/UN/DIScover heuristic is an iterative set of three practices: (1) tend to self with compassionate REcover practices; (2) engage in curious, critical reflection to UNcover full understandings of the power dynamics, impacts, and meanings of specific challenges; and (3) DIScover and try out just, humanizing responses with creative courage, individually and with other colleagues. The heuristic uses a dual focus on self and situation with an ad hoc group of other colleagues to raise awareness; cultivate humanizing spaces; and implement antioppressive, relational responses. The article describes the heuristic practices and how to apply the heuristic with two composite practice applications.
Eschar Dermabrasion in Deep Dermal Partial-Thickness Burn: A Case Report
Authors: Pang Mengru , Zhao Liang , Liu Siye , Lei Yu
Published: June 2023

Although dermabrasion is widely used to treat various skin diseases and for scar repair, relatively few reports have described its use with burn wounds. As a blunt debridement, eschar dermabrasion has unique advantages. For patients with deep burns, the boundary between active tissue and inactive tissue is unclear. With eschar dermabrasion, necrotic tissue can be removed to the greatest extent with minimal damage. Early use can help patients skip the scab-dissolving period, decrease local and systemic inflammation, reduce postoperative scarring, and significantly reduce the difficulty of early wound care. As a result, the patient’s hospitalization costs and pain during treatment are both reduced, and thanks to less scarring, the patient is more likely to engage in social activities and has an improved quality of life.
Higher Baseline Serum Myokine of FSTL1 may Serve as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for Successful Brace Treatment in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Feng Zhenhua , Wu Zhichong , Ma Yanyu , Chen Quanchi , Liu Zhen , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang
Published: June 2023

Study Design.

A retrospective case-control study

Objective.

This study aimed to investigate whether myokine, which is related to exercise and muscle mass, could serve as a biomarker for predicting bracing outcomes.

Summary of Background Data.

Several risk factors have been documented to be associated with bracing failure in patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). However, serum biomarkers have not been extensively explored.

Methods.

Skeletally immature females with AIS, without previous histories of bracing or surgery, were included. Peripheral blood was collected at the time of bracing prescription. Baseline serum concentrations of eight myokines (apelin, fractalkine, BDNF, EPO, osteonectin, FABP3, FSTL1, and musclin) were measured by multiplex assays. Patients were followed up until weaned from bracing and then designated as a Failure (defined as Cobb angle progression >5°) or Success. A logistic regression analysis was performed that accounted for serum myokines and skeletal maturity.

Results.

We included 117 subjects, with 27 in the Failure group. Subjects in the Failure group had lower initial Risser sign, and lower baseline serum levels of myokines including FSTL1 (2217.3±617.0 vs. 1369.3±704.9,
P

=0.002), apelin (116.5(12.0,335.9) vs 83.5(10.5, 221.1),
P

=0.016), fractalkine (979.6±457.8 vs. 743.8±456.1,
P

=0.020), and musclin (211.3(16.3,370.3) vs 67.8(15.5,325.6),
P

=0.049). Following adjusted analysis, serum FSTL1 (OR=10.460; [2.213-49.453]) was determined to be predictive of bracing effectiveness.

Conclusion.

Patients who failed AIS bracing had significantly lower mean baseline levels of FSTL1 than those who achieved Success. FSTL1 may serve as a biomarker that can inform outcome following bracing.
Long term clinical outcomes and genotype-phenotype correlation in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy in a tertiary referral center
Authors: Tsai Andrew S.H. , Kang Eugene Y.C. , Wang Nan-Kai , Lee Hane , Seo Go Hun , Khang Rin , Wu Wei-Chi
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

To evaluate clinical outcomes and assess genotype phenotype correlations Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) patients

Methods:

Clinical charts of 40 FEVR subjects were reviewed. FEVR was staged per Pendergast and Trese, and retinal dragging and folds further classified per Yaguchi et al. We performed whole exome sequencing and compared clinical characteristics between genetic positive and negative groups.

Results:

Mean duration of follow up was 5.4 years (range 0.33, 15) for genetic positive and 6.9 (range 1,20) for genetic negative subjects. Mean age at diagnosis was 5.6 years (0.25,27) for genetic positive and 6.0 (0,32) for genetic negative subjects. Genetic positive subjects reported 100% full term births and genetic negative subjects reported 45% full term births (p=0.0012). There were more subjects with retinal folds with all major vessels affected (Yaguchi’s Group 4) in genetic positive compared to genetic negative subjects. (21.4% vs 2.6% p=0.045). TSPAN12 was the most common (57.1%) genetic mutation in our population of which 50% exhibited asymmetric presentation.

Conclusion:

Subjects who test positive for a typical FEVR gene mutation reported more term births and had more severe disease by Yaguchi’s classification. TSPAN12 was the most common genetic mutation in our population and had highly asymmetrical disease.
Ten-year visual outcome and change in chorioretinal atrophy after intravitreal ranibizumab for macular neovascularization in pathologic myopia
Authors: Sakata Ryo , Miyata Manabu , Ooto Sotaro , Tamura Hiroshi , Ueda-Arakawa Naoko , Muraoka Yuki , Miyake Masahiro , Hata Masayuki , Takahashi Ayako , Kido Ai , Numa Shogo , Mori Yuki , Tsuda Kanae , Uji Akihito , Oishi Akio , Tsujikawa Akitaka
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

To investigate the 10-year visual outcome and chorioretinal atrophy after a single intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR) followed by a pro re nata (PRN) regimen for myopic macular neovascularization (mMNV) in pathologic myopia, and to identify the factors associated with 10-year best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Methods:

This retrospective observational study evaluated 26 consecutive treatment-naïve eyes (26 patients) with mMNV in pathologic myopia who underwent a single IVR followed by a PRN regimen of IVR and/or intravitreal aflibercept injection and observed over 10 years. We assessed changes in BCVA and morphological parameters, including the META-PM Study category as a chorioretinal atrophy index.

Results:

The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA changed from 0.36 (Snellen, 20/45) ± 0.39 to 0.39 (20/49) ± 0.36 over 10 years of observation. Compared to baseline, 1-year BCVA improved (P = 0.002), whereas 2–10-year BCVA was not significantly different. Total injection frequency was 3.8 ± 2.6. In none of the eyes, 10-year BCVA was 20/200 or less. Ten-year BCVA correlated with baseline BCVA (P = 0.01, r = 0.47). The META-PM Study category progressed in 60% of eyes. There were no drug-induced complications.

Conclusions:

BCVA in eyes with mMNV in pathologic myopia was maintained for 10 years after a single IVR followed by a PRN regimen without drug-induced complications. The META-PM Study category progressed in 60% of eyes, especially those with older baseline age. Early diagnosis and treatment of mMNV are essential to maintain good long-term BCVA.
Augmented reality-assisted navigation system contributes to better intraoperative and short-time outcomes of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Xiwen , Wang Dehui , Xiang Nan , Pan Mingxin , Jia Fucang , Yang Jian , Fang Chihua
Published: June 2023

Background:

Augmented reality-assisted navigation system (AR-ANS) are currently good techniques for hepatectomy, however its application and efficacy for laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy have not been reported. This study sought to focus on and evaluate the advantage of laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy guided by the AR-ANS in intraoperative and short-time outcomes.

Methods:

Eighty-two patients who underwent laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy from January 2018 to May 2022 were enrolled and divided into the AR and non-AR groups. Clinical base-line features, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion rate, perioperative complications and mortality were analyzed.

Results:

Augmented reality-guided laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in the AR group (n=41), whereas laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy was carried out routinely in the non-AR group (n=41). There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05); Although the operation time of the AR group was longer than that of the non-AR group (420.15±94.38 vs. 348.98±76.15, P<0.001), the AR group had a less intraoperative blood loss (219.51±167.03 vs. 312.20±195.51, P=0.023), lower blood transfusion rate(24.4% vs. 65.9%, P<0.001), lower occurrence rates of postoperative pancreatic fistula(12.2% vs. 46.3%, P=0.002) and bile leakage(0% vs. 14.6%, P=0.026), and shorter postoperative hospital stay (11.29±2.78 vs. 20.04±11.22, P<0.001) compared with the non-AR group.

Conclusion:

Augmented reality-guided laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy has significant advantages in identifying important vascular structures, minimizing intraoperative damage, and reducing postoperative complications, suggesting that it is a safe, feasible method with a bright future in the clinical setting.
Nutritional strategies during gastrointestinal dysfunction
Authors: van Gassel Rob J.J. , Bels Julia L.M. , van de Poll Marcel C.G.
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review

Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is common among critically ill patients and is associated with poor outcomes. In particular, nutrient delivery can be impaired in patients with GI dysfunction and pose a significant challenge to clinicians in daily clinical practice. This review aims to summarize the impact of GI dysfunction on nutrition therapy during critical illness and provide an update on recent advances in nutritional strategies during gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Recent findings

Although prognostic gastrointestinal dysfunction scoring systems exist, a lack of clear, uniform definitions of GI dysfunction limits diagnosis and subsequent adequate treatment. Recent studies have further investigated separate components of GI dysfunction in ICU patients, including the role of altered GI motility, nutrient digestion and absorption and the metabolic consequences of gut dysfunction. Various strategies to improve nutrient delivery are discussed. However, the evidence supporting their routine use is sometimes lacking.

GI dysfunction frequently occurs during critical illness and negatively affects nutrition therapy. Strategies to improve nutrient delivery during GI dysfunction are available, though more research into the diagnosis and pathophysiology of GI dysfunction will likely further improve patient outcomes.
The resurgence of methenamine hippurate in the prevention of recurrent UTIs in women- a systematic review
Authors: Kale Saurabh , Somani Bhaskar K.
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review

Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) in women are prevalent and difficult to manage. The rise of antimicrobial resistance makes it prudent to re-investigate the role of nonantimicrobial agents in the prevention of RUTIs. We wanted to evaluate randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that employed methenamine hippurate as a therapy or prophylactic in adult women with rUTIs.

Recent findings

Relevant databases were searched for RCTs using Cochrane methodology and reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist, comparing the efficacy of methenamine hippurate to either an antibiotic or a placebo for the prophylaxis of rUTI in women.

Six trials involving 322 patients taking methenamine and 419 patients receiving antibiotics in total were evaluated. The duration of the trials ranged from 12–24 months. Studies reported that methenamine was effective in extending the mean period between symptomatic episodes of urinary tract infections (UTIs), keeping the patient symptom- and infection-free, and reducing the number of UTI episodes. The newer studies reported that methenamine reduced the incidence rates of recurrent UTIs and was not inferior to the antibiotic in this regard.

The outcomes of methenamine hippurate were found to be at par with the antibiotic prophylaxis. It might serve as a suitable alternative nonantibiotic prophylaxis for females with rUTIs.
Mycobacterium kiyosense sp. nov., a scotochromogenic slow-glowing species isolated from respiratory specimens
Authors: Fukano Hanako , Kazumi Yuko , Sakagami Nobuya , Fujiwara Nagatoshi , Ato Manabu , Mitarai Satoshi , Hoshino Yoshihiko
Published: June 2023

Scotochromogenic slow-growing mycobacteria were isolated from the sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 12 patients in Japan. From a comparison of the whole-genome sequences, the representative strain IWGMT90018-18076T and the unknown strains obtained from the patients were found to represent a novel species related to the

Mycobacterium gordonae

complex. The average nucleotide identity values of IWGMT90018-18076T with

Mycobacterium vicinigordonae

,

Mycobacterium paragordonae

and

M. gordonae

were 86.7, 82.5 and 82.2 %, respectively. The genome size of the representative strain IWGMT90018-18076T was approximately 6.3 Mbp, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 67.1 %. The major fatty acid methyl esters were C16 : 0 (37.71 %), C18 : 1ω9c (29.5 %) and C16 : 1ω7c (10.32 %). In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses, physiological and biochemical characteristic tests, drug susceptibility tests and fatty acid profiling of the clinical isolates. On the basis of the results obtained, we propose that the unknown clinical isolates represent a novel species, ‘Mycobacterium kiyosense sp. nov,’ with the type strain being IWGMT90018-18076T (=JCM 34837T =KCTC 49725T).
Selenomonas caprae sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic and volatile fatty acid producing bacterium from ruminal fluid of domestic goat (Capra hircus L.)
Authors: Poothong Saranporn , Tanasupawat Somboon , Chanpongsang Somchai , Phongsopitanun Wongsakorn , Nuengjamnong Chackrit
Published: June 2023

A novel Gram-stain-negative, motile, obligately anaerobic bacterium strain mPRGC8T was isolated from the ruminal fluid of a domestic goat (Capra hircus L.) in Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand. The strain grew at 20–45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 3 % (w/v) NaCl. It produced acetate, propionate, valerate, caproate and heptanoate from glucose. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain mPRGC8T belonged to the genus

Selenomonas

and was closely related to

Selenomonas ruminantium

subsp.

ruminantium

DSM 2150T (98.0 %) and

Selenomonas ruminantium

subsp.

lactilytica

JCM 6582T (97.9 %). The in silico DNA G+C content was 53.0 mol %. Strain mPRGC8T showed average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average animo acid identity values with

Selenomonas montiformis

JCM 34373T,

S. ruminantium

subsp.

lactilytica

JCM 6582T and

S. ruminantium

subsp.

ruminantium

DSM 2150T ranging from 84.9 to 86.0 %, 21.3 to 21.8 % and 73.8 to 76.1 %, respectively. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1
 ω9c and C18 : 1
 ω9c. Phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified ninhydrin positive glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid were detected as polar lipids. The genomic and phenotypic characteristics of strain mPRGC8T strongly support its classification as representative of new species of the genus

Selenomonas

for which the name Selenomonas caprae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is mPRGC8T (=JCM 33725T=KCTC 25178T).
Enteric fever cluster identification in South Africa using genomic surveillance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Authors: Smith Anthony Marius , Erasmus Linda Kathleen , Tau Nomsa Pauline , Smouse Shannon Lucrecia , Ngomane Hlengiwe Mimmy , Disenyeng Bolele , Whitelaw Andrew , Lawrence Charlene Ann , Sekwadi Phuti , Thomas Juno
Published: June 2023

The National Institute for Communicable Diseases in South Africa participates in national laboratory-based surveillance for human isolates of

Salmonella

species. Laboratory analysis includes whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of isolates. We report on WGS-based surveillance of

Salmonella enterica

serovar Typhi (

Salmonella

Typhi) in South Africa from 2020 through 2021. We describe how WGS analysis identified clusters of enteric fever in the Western Cape Province of South Africa and describe the epidemiological investigations associated with these clusters. A total of 206

Salmonella

Typhi isolates were received for analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated from bacteria and WGS was performed using Illumina NextSeq technology. WGS data were investigated using multiple bioinformatics tools, including those available at the Centre for Genomic Epidemiology, EnteroBase and Pathogenwatch. Core-genome multilocus sequence typing was used to investigate the phylogeny of isolates and identify clusters. Three major clusters of enteric fever were identified in the Western Cape Province; cluster one (n=11 isolates), cluster two (n=13 isolates), and cluster three (n=14 isolates). To date, no likely source has been identified for any of the clusters. All isolates associated with the clusters, showed the same genotype (4.3.1.1.EA1) and resistome (antimicrobial resistance genes: bla
TEM-1B, catA1, sul1, sul2, dfrA7). The implementation of genomic surveillance of

Salmonella

Typhi in South Africa has enabled rapid detection of clusters indicative of possible outbreaks. Cluster identification allows for targeted epidemiological investigations and a timely, coordinated public health response.
Integration of tissue-specific multi-omics data implicates brain targets for complex neuropsychiatric traits
Authors: Cong Shan , Sang Zhiling , Cao Luolong , Yuan Junbo , Li Yanhong , Liang Hong , Yao Xiaohui
Published: June 2023

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered genetic variants susceptible to brain disorders. However, due to the complex pathogenesis of these diseases and heterogeneity of the brain tissues, how and through which the genetic variants confer risk for brain abnormalities and brain disorders remain elusive, especially from a multi-omics perspective and in the context of brain regions. In this study, we integrated brain region-specific transcriptomics, proteomics, and imaging genetics data by systematically applying transcriptome- and proteome-wide association analysis, Mendelian randomization, and Bayesian colocalization methods. At both gene expression and protein abundance levels, this integrative study identified 51 associations linking 42 targets to structural alterations of 10 brain regions. Additionally, we validated the causal effects of 20 identified genes on one or more brain disorders. Our analysis further illuminated the significant enrichment of 12 targets in five main types of brain cells. Overall, this study underscored the utility of a multi-omics and region-specific approach in understanding the pathogenesis of complex brain abnormalities and brain disorders.
WITHDRAWN: Reproductive biology of farmed lumpfishCyclopterus lumpus: Gonadal development and associated profiles of selected endocrine factors
Authors: Mlingi Frank Thomas , Puvanendran Velmurugu , Burgerhout Erik , Guercini Emanuele , Mommens Maren , Hansen Øyvind Johannes , Míguez María Fernández , Presa Pablo , Tveiten Helge , Tomkiewicz Jonna , Kjørsvik Elin
Published: June 2023

Withdrawal statement

The authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to major modifications. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Alternative protocols of tissue fixation dramatically reduces the impact of DNA artifacts, unraveling the interpretation of clinical Comprehensive Genomic Profiling
Authors: Berrino Enrico , Bellomo Sara Erika , Chesta Anita , Detillo Paolo , Bragoni Albero , Gagliardi Amedeo , Naccarati Alessio , Cereda Matteo , Witel Gianluca , Sapino Anna , Bussolati Benedetta , Bussolati Gianni , Marchiò Caterina
Published: June 2023

Formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples represent the cornerstone of tissue-based analysis in precision medicine. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels are routinely used to analyze a limited number of genes to guide treatment decision making for advanced stage patients. The number and complexity of genetic alterations to be investigated are rapidly growing, in several instances a comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) analysis is required. The poor quality of genetic material extracted from FFPE samples may impact the feasibility/reliability of sequencing data.

We sampled 9 colorectal cancers to allow 4 parallel fixations: i) neutral buffered formalin (NBF); ii) acid-deprived formalin fixation (ADF); iii) pre-cooled ADF (coldADF); iv) Glyoxal Acid-Free (GAF). DNA extraction, fragmentation analysis and sequencing by using two large NGS panels (OCAv3, TSO500) followed. We comprehensively analyzed library and sequencing QCs, and the quality of sequencing results.

Libraries fromcoldADF samples showed significantly longer reads than the others with both panels. ADF andcoldADF derived libraries showed the lowest level of noise and the highest levels of uniformity with the OCAv3 panel, followed by GAF and NBF samples. The data uniformity was confirmed by TSO500 results, which also highlighted the best performance in terms of total region sequenced for ADF andcoldADF samples. NBF samples had a significantly smaller region sequenced, displayed a significantly lower number of evaluable MS loci and a significant increase in SNVs compared to other protocols. The mutational Signature 1 (aging-, FFPE artifact-related) showed the highest (37%) and the lowest (17%) values in NBF andcoldADF samples, respectively.

Most of identified genetic alterations were shared by all samples in each lesion. Five genes showed a different mutational status across samples and/or panels: four discordant results involved NBF samples.

In conclusion, acid-deprived fixatives guarantee the highest DNA preservation/sequencing performance, suggesting possible implementation of even more complex molecular profiling on tissue samples.
Emergency Medical Service Response Times and Fatal Fall Injuries Among US Older Adults: Analysis of the 2015 – 2020 National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Adeyemi Oluwaseun , DiMaggio Charles , Grudzen Corita , Allison Cuthel , Van Allen Kaitlyn , Chodosh Joshua
Published: June 2023

Background

Falls are the leading injury-related cause of death among older adults but rapid emergency care may reduce fatal complications. To estimate the strength of the association between EMS response times and fatal fall injuries among older adults and measure how this association differs by sex.

Methods

For this retrospective cohort study, we pooled 2015 – 2020 data from the National Trauma Data Bank on patients 65 years and older with fall injuries transferred to U.S. trauma centers (N=705,491). The main outcome was fatal fall injuries. The main predictor was EMS response time, measured as continuous and four-level categorical variables (multiples of the standard nine-minute benchmark). Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and diagnoses of COPD, diabetes, and hypertension were covariables. We performed a mixed-effect multivariable logistic regression, using the trauma center designation level as a random effect variable, and EMS response time and mortality as fixed effect variables. We report the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) plus 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also created an interaction model comprising of response time and sex and reported the predicted probabilities (plus 95% CI) of fatal fall injury by sex and response time categories.

Results

The case fatality rate of fatal fall injuries among adults 65 years and older was 4.4%. The median (Q1, Q3) EMS response time was 8 minutes (5.0, 13.0), with 60% of patients experiencing the nine-minute benchmark. In the adjusted model, a minute delay in EMS response time was associated with a 1% increased odds of fatal fall injury (AOR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.01). Older adults who experienced a response time between 18 and 27 minutes, and more than 27 minutes had 1.33 (95% CI: 1.28 - 1.39), and 1.41 (95% CI: 1.35 - 1.47) times the odds of fatal fall injuries. The predicted probabilities of male and female fatal fall injuries were 5.1% (95% CI: 3.51 – 6.75) and 2.4% (95% CI: 1.64 – 3.23), respectively.

Conclusion

Delayed EMS response time, especially when above twice the standard benchmark, is associated with increased odds of fatal fall injuries among older adults.

Key Points

Question

What is the association between EMS response time and fatal fall injuries among US older adults?

Findings

In this retrospective cohort analysis, delay in EMS response time was associated with fatal fall injury in a dose-response pattern among male and female older adults.

Meaning

Strengthening the EMS infrastructure may improve outcomes from fatal fall injuries among older adults.
Differing structures of galactoglucomannan in eudicots and non-eudicot angiosperms
Authors: Ishida Konan , Ohba Yusuke , Yoshimi Yoshihisa , Wilson Louis F. L. , Echevarría-Poza Alberto , Yu Li , Iwai Hiroaki , Dupree Paul
Published: June 2023

The structures of cell wall mannan hemicelluloses have changed during plant evolution. Recently, a new structure called β-galactoglucomannan (β-GGM) was discovered in eudicot plants. This galactoglucomannan has β-(1,2)-Gal-α-(1,6)-Gal disaccharide branches on some mannosyl residues of the strictly alternating Glc-Man backbone. Studies in Arabidopsis revealed β-GGM is related in structure, biosynthesis and function to xyloglucan. However, when and how plants acquired β-GGM remains elusive. Here, we studied mannan structures in many sister groups of eudicots. All glucomannan structures were distinct from β-GGM. In addition, we searched for candidate mannan β-galactosyltransferases (MBGT) in non-eudicot angiosperms. CandidateAtMBGT1 orthologues from rice and Amborella did not show MBGT activityin vivo. However, theAtMBGT1 orthologue from rice showed MUR3-like xyloglucan galactosyltransferase activity in complementation analysis using Arabidopsis. Further, reverse genetic analysis revealed that the enzyme contributes to proper root growth in rice. Together, gene duplication and diversification of GT47A-VII in eudicot evolution may have been involved in the acquisition of mannan β-galactosyltransferase activity. Our results indicate that β-GGM is likely to be a eudicot-specific mannan.
Contezolid can replace linezolid in a novel combination with bedaquiline and pretomanid in a murine model of tuberculosis
Authors: Almeida Deepak , Li Si-Yang , Lee Jin , Hafkin Barry , Mdluli Khisimuzi , Fotouhi Nader , Nuermberger Eric L.
Published: June 2023

Contezolid is a new oxazolidinone within vitroandin vivoactivity againstMycobacterium tuberculosiscomparable to that of linezolid. Pre-clinical and clinical safety studies suggest it may be less toxic than linezolid, making contezolid a potential candidate to replace linezolid in treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. We evaluated the dose-ranging activity of contezolid, alone and in combination with bedaquiline and pretomanid, and compared it with linezolid at similar doses, in an established BALB/c mouse model of tuberculosis. Contezolid had an MIC of 1 µg/ml, similar to linezolid, and exhibited similar bactericidal activity in mice. Contezolid-resistant mutants selectedin vitrohad 10-fold increases in contezolid MIC and harbored mutations in themce3Rgene. These mutants did not display cross-resistance to linezolid. Our results indicate that contezolid has potential to replace linezolid in regimens containing bedaquiline and pretomanid and likely other regimens.
A marine bacterium elicits the type III secretion-dependent nonhost hypersensitive response in a land plant
Authors: Lee Boyoung , Lee Jeong-Im , Kwon Soon-Kyeong , Ryu Choong-Min , Kim Jihyun F.
Published: June 2023

Active plant immune response involving programmed cell death called the hypersensitive response (HR) is elicited by microbial effectors delivered through the type III secretion system (T3SS). The marine bacteriumHahella chejuensiscontains two T3SSs that are similar to those of animal pathogens, but elicited HR-like cell death in the land plantNicotiana benthamiana, which was mediated by SGT1 and suppressed by AvrPto1. Thus, the land plant is capable of inducing the cell death in response to type III-secreted effectors of the marine bacterium it never have encountered, suggesting that plants may have evolved to cope with a potential threat posed by alien effectors.

One-sentence summary

A marine bacteriumHahella chejuensisharboring functional type III secretion systems induced nonhost hypersensitive response in a land plantNicotiana benthamiana, which was mediated by SGT1 and suppressed by AvrPto1.
The experiences of Palestinian Arabs with disabilities in Israel
Authors: Amin Hira , Badran Leena , Gur Ayelet , Stein Michael Ashley
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Israel ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and has subsequently worked towards putting disability-empowering policies and facilities in place. This study explores the experiences of Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel with disabilities in everyday life including education, employment and accessing disability facilities and services.

Design/methodology/approach

This study explores the challenges and experiences of Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a disparate group of Arab men and women with various forms of disabilities.

Findings

This research indicates that Arabs with disabilities are either unable to access them or do so with great difficulty relative to their Jewish counterparts. The findings suggest that this is due to one of two reasons: first is institutional discrimination by Jewish and Arab staff, and second is structural discrimination as facilities and services are specifically designed for the Jewish majority and their areas of residence as opposed to Arab residential areas.

Originality/value

Guided by intersectional theory, this article explores how the multiple identities of Arabs with disabilities living in Israel are co-constituted and ordered by different social and political structures which inform their daily lived experiences. This research illustrates that in Jewish politics and institutions, Arabs with disabilities in Israel are “otherised” by being flatly identified as Palestinians; yet, within their Arab communities, they are “otherised” by being reduced solely to their disability. This article examines how this variation in ordering and reduction can lead to specific experiences and forms of discrimination that requires multi-dimensional approaches and ways forward.
Furthering innovation management via mutual amplification of vertical and horizontal fit: analysis of a case study
Authors: Naimpally Adwaith , Jha Jatinder Kumar , Chakraborty Abhishek
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Does the simultaneous vertical and horizontal alignment of HR systems positively impact innovation? The authors use the “innovation value chain” model to explore the interplay between the central strategic human resource management concepts of vertical and horizontal fit of HR systems and their role in positively impacting product innovation management.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the findings from a case study of a large multinational organization in the high-tech sector for the present study. In the first phase, the authors analyse responses to 20 qualitative interviews with senior business and HR executives at the organization using the grounded theory approach. In the second phase, the authors analysed six years of performance ratings and salary data for 4,500–5,500 employees.

Findings

Phase 1 of the study established the importance of innovation management as a strategic priority and the role of vertical and horizontal fit of HR systems and practices in positively impacting innovation management. Phase 2 reinforced the findings from Phase 1 by demonstrating the vertical and horizontal fit of the performance and compensation management processes towards furthering innovation management. Our study findings suggest that both forms of fit boost innovation management and interact to reinforce each other mutually, magnifying their respective positive effects towards improving innovation management.

Originality/value

While past studies have generally focused on the isolated role of either the HR system or that of a bundle of HR practices on innovation, the present study empirically demonstrates the simultaneous role of vertical and horizontal fit of HR systems and practices in furthering innovation management. The authors use interviews with senior executives and objective performance and salary data to provide the first experimental evidence of the mechanism of the interplay between the two forms of fit.
When bad things happen to good processes: a theory of entropy for process science
Authors: Meyer Brad C. , Bumblauskas Daniel , Keegan Richard , Zhang Dali
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This research fills a gap in process science by defining and explaining entropy and the increase of entropy in processes.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a theoretical treatment that begins with a conceptual understanding of entropy in thermodynamics and information theory and extends it to the study of degradation and improvement in a transformation process.

Findings

A transformation process with three inputs: demand volume, throughput and product design, utilizes a system composed of processors, stores, configuration, human actors, stored data and controllers to provide a product. Elements of the system are aligned with the inputs and each other with a purpose to raise standard of living. Lack of alignment is entropy. Primary causes of increased entropy are changes in inputs and disordering of the system components. Secondary causes result from changes made to cope with the primary causes. Improvement and innovation reduce entropy by providing better alignments and new ways of aligning resources.

Originality/value

This is the first detailed theoretical treatment of entropy in a process science context.
The influence of virtual reality on the experience of religious cultural heritage content
Authors: Hwang Kyunghwa , tom Dieck M. Claudia , Jung Timothy , Kwon Ohbyung
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to expand the experience economy model and to determine if this model provides a better understanding of the process of growing intention to continue using religious cultural heritage content delivered digitally and intention to visit religious cultural heritage sites. In particular, it examines the influence of spiritual experience on the evaluation of religious cultural heritage content, comparing delivery via virtual reality (VR) to a web-based experience.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, a representative religious cultural heritage destination, Jerusalem, was chosen as an example for the application. Participants (n = 292) were randomly divided into two groups, one group using the web and the other group experiencing VR. After experiencing the destination virtually, participants completed a survey, the results of which were analyzed using path analysis and multi-group analysis.

Findings

The results suggest that spiritual experience mediates the four elements of Pine and Gilmore (1998) experience economy model and the intention to continue engaging with the content virtually. Intellectual awareness of religious cultural heritage strengthens the spiritual experience, which mediates educational and aesthetic experiences and the successful use of VR and the web. Additionally, for participants experiencing VR, the influence of spiritual experience on the intention to continue using the virtual media to consume content related to religious cultural heritage sites and to visit actual religious heritage sites was stronger than for participants using the web.

Originality/value

This study based on an expanded experience economy model explores the use of digital technologies for the enhancement of spiritual experience. Comparison of web-based and VR content delivery provides important implications for destination marketers in terms of promoting destinations online and encouraging intention to visit actual sites in the future.
User acceptability of blockchain technology for enabling electronic health record exchange
Authors: Baltruschat Lilly Marie , Jaiman Vikas , Urovi Visara
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Blockchain systems have been proposed as a solution for exchanging electronic health records (EHR) because they enable data sharing in decentralised networks. This paper aims to analyse the user acceptability of blockchain technology in enabling EHR exchange and to formulate practical implications for increasing user acceptability.

Design/methodology/approach

A technology acceptance model [extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model] was used as a framework to measure the effects of 13 factors. The authors conducted a survey and analysed data from 214 participants using partial least square path modelling.

Findings

The acceptance of blockchain for EHR sharing is positively influenced by performance expectancy, social influence and perceived trust. Effort expectancy and facilitating conditions do not influence acceptance. The UTAUT model explains the variance in acceptance at 58.4%. Self-efficacy influences effort expectancy, incentives influence facilitating conditions and security predicts perceived trust.

Practical implications

Three implications are drawn: (1) Users need to clearly understand system’s purpose, functions, security mechanism and environmental impacts. (2) Users are incentivised to share health data via a blockchain solution if the technology offers personalising options and health information. (3) Health personnel can socially impact patients to use blockchain-based solutions.

Originality/value

Studies have shown that blockchain technology is a valuable solution for exchanging EHR. The novelty of this work is to identify how and why patients may accept this emerging technology for EHR exchange.
Does the development of digital economy infrastructure reduce the urban-rural income gap? Theoretical experience and empirical data from China
Authors: Jiang Changjun , Jin Bohao
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Since 2017, China's digital economy has accounted for more than 30% of the country's GDP. The digital economy has become the main driving force of China's economic development. Moreover, the digital economy has also changed the traditional modes of production and distribution between urban and rural areas. This paper aims to explore the influential mechanism of digital economy infrastructure (DEI) on the urban-rural income gap (URIG).

Design/methodology/approach

By analyzing the theoretical model of the URIG, this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework and clarifies the key roles of rural land circulation (RLC) and resident population urbanization (RPU) in the relationship between DEI and the URIG.

Findings

The DEI can effectively reduce the URIG; the regression coefficient (RC) was −0.109. The reduction effect is mainly reflected in: 1) the wage income gap between urban and rural residents (RC = −0.128) and 2) the net property income gap of urban and rural residents (RC = −0.321). Also, for the spatial spillover effect, the path effect of “DEI – RLC – URIG” is almost equal to the path effect of “DEI – RPU – URIG”; for the local effect, the path effect of the former is far smaller than the latter. Moreover, when the RPU reaches the threshold of 86.29%, the DEI will expand the URIG (RC = 0.201).

Originality/value

This paper proposes a theoretical framework for the impact of DEI on the URIG, explores the mechanism of RLC and RPU in the DEI and URIG and enriches the theory of traditional research on URIG.
Competition and site weakly explain tree growth variability in undisturbed Central African moist forests
Authors: Gourlet‐Fleury Sylvie , Rossi Vivien , Forni Eric , Fayolle Adeline , Ligot Gauthier , Allah‐Barem Félix , Baya Fidèle , Bénédet Fabrice , Boyemba Faustin , Cornu Guillaume , Doucet Jean‐Louis , Gillet Jean‐François , Mazengue Mathurin , Mbasi Mbula Michel , Van Hoef Yorick , Zombo Isaac , Freycon Vincent
Published: June 2023

Identifying and quantifying factors that influence tree growth are crucial issues to ensure sustainable forest management, particularly in moist tropical forests. Tree growth depends on several factors comprising ontogenic stage, competition by neighbours and environmental conditions. Several studies have focused on one or two of them, but very few have considered all three, especially in Central Africa. We investigated the effects of diameter and competition on tree growth, in four Central African sites characterized by their soil physicochemical properties, at both tree community and population levels.

We calibrated growth models using diameter data collected on 29,741 trees between 2015 and 2018, on twelve 4 or 9‐ha plots spread over the four sites. These models included diameter, wood density, competition indices and site effect as explainable variables at the community level and excluded wood density at the population level.

At the community level, the best models explained 11% of growth variability with a decreasing effect of species wood density, diameter, site and competition. Our results show that even if low, site effect can result from different soil nutrients depending on both tree size and species wood density. We observed higher tree growth on sites with (i) high exchangeable K, organic C, total N and total P for low wood density species; (ii) high available P and C:N for small trees, high exchangeable Ca and Mg for medium to large trees, all belonging to medium and hard wood density species. At the population level, the best models explained between 0 to 43% of growth variability, with significant competition effect (resp. site effect) for 21 (resp. 9) of the 43 species studied. Site ranking varied greatly between the 9 species concerned, probably reflecting different sensitivities to the scarcity of particular soil nutrients.

Synthesis. Our study provides original results on the factors influencing tree growth in Central Africa, showing that the potential effect of soil nutrients depends on tree size and species wood density. Remaining highly unpredictable at the population level, this effect makes it essential to increase the number of dynamics monitoring systems in logging concessions.
Clinical characteristics of miliary pulmonary metastases in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Choi Hanmil , Im Yunjoo , Jeong Byeong‐Ho , Lee Kyungjong , Kim Hojoong , Um Sang‐Won
Published: June 2023

Background

The prognosis of miliary pulmonary metastases (MPM), which are characterized as randomly disseminated, innumerable, and small metastatic nodules, has been considered as being poor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and survival of MPM in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

This retrospective study included NSCLC patients with MPM and nonmiliary pulmonary metastases (NMPM) detected during staging evaluation between 2000 and 2020. MPM was defined as >50 bilaterally distributed metastatic pulmonary nodules (<1 cm in diameter), and NMPM was defined as the presence of ≤15 metastatic pulmonary nodules regardless of size. Baseline characteristics, genetic alterations and overall survival (OS) rates were compared between the two groups.

Results

Twenty‐six patients with MPM and 78 patients with NMPM were analyzed. The median number of patients who smoked was significantly lower in the MPM group than in the NMPM group (0 vs. 8 pack years, p = 0.030). The frequency of EGFR mutation was significantly higher in the MPM group (58%) than in the NMPM group (24%; p = 0.006). There was no significant difference in 5‐year OS between the MPM and the NMPM group by the log‐rank test (p = 0.900).

Conclusion

MPM in NSCLC were significantly related to EGFR mutation. The OS rate of the MPM group was not inferior to that of the NMPM group. The presence of EGFR mutations should be thoroughly evaluated for NSCLC patients with initial presentation of MPM.