bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Cues are More Compelling than Facial Cues in Determining Adults' Reactions towards Young Children
Authors: Blasi Carlos Hernández , Bjorklund David F. , Soler Marcos Ruiz
Published: July 2016

Previous research has demonstrated the significant influence that both children's facial features ( Lorenz, 1943 ) and children's cognitive expressions ( Bjorklund, Hernández Blasi, and Periss, 2010 ) have on adults' perception of young children. However, until now, these two types of cues have been studied independently. The present study contrasted these two types of cues simultaneously in a group of college students. To this purpose, we designed five experimental conditions (Consistent, Inconsistent, Mature-Face, Immature-Face, and Faces-Only) in which we varied the presentation of a series of mature and immature vignettes (including two previously studied types of thinking: natural thinking and supernatural thinking) associated with a series of more mature and less mature children's faces. Performance in these conditions was contrasted with data from a Vignettes-Only condition taken from Bjorklund et al. (2010) . Results indicated that cognitive cues were more powerful than facial cues in determining adults' perceptions of young children. From an evolutionary developmental perspective, we suggest that facial cues are more relevant to adults during infancy than during the preschool period, when, with the development of spoken language, the verbalized expressions of children's thoughts become the principal cues influencing adults' perceptions, with facial cues playing a more secondary role.
Who Punishes? The Status of the Punishers Affects the Perceived Success of, and Indirect Benefits From, “Moralistic” Punishment
Authors: Gordon David S. , Lea Stephen E. G.
Published: July 2016

“Moralistic” punishment of free riders can provide a beneficial reputation, but the immediate behavior is costly to the punisher. In Study 1, we investigated whether variation in status would be perceived to offset or mitigate the costs of punishment. One hundred and nineteen participants were presented with a vignette describing a punishment scenario. Participants predicted whether punishment would occur, how successful it would be, and indicated their attitude to the punisher. Participants believed only intervention by a high-status (HS) individual would be successful and that low-status (LS) individuals would not intervene at all. HS individuals predicted to punish successfully were seen as more formidable and likable. Study 2 investigated whether punishment was necessary to maintain an HS position. One hundred and seventeen participants were presented with a vignette describing a punishment scenario. Participants were asked to indicate whether they wished to be led by the punisher. HS individuals who did not punish were less likely to be chosen as leaders compared to HS punishers, whereas LS individuals who punished were no more or less likely to be chosen than nonpunishers. The results of both studies suggest that only HS individuals are expected to punish, likely because such a position offsets some of the costs of punishment. As a result, only HS individual can access the reputation benefits from punishment. Furthermore, an HS position may be dependent on the willingness to punish antisocial behavior. The ramifications that these results may have for the evolution of moralistic punishment are discussed.
Sounds Affecting the Moments of Stuttering in Multilingualism: A Case Study
Authors: Morrish Taryn , Nesbitt Amy , le Roux Mia , Zsilavecz Ursula , van der Linde Jeannie
Published: July 2016

Research involving stuttering in multilingual individuals is limited. Speech-language therapists face the challenge of treating a diverse client base, which includes multilingual individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the stuttering moments across English, Afrikaans, and German in a multilingual speaker. A single multilingual adult with a severe developmental stutter participated in this study. A mixed-method design was implemented. The results were perceptually analyzed, and interrater reliability was determined. The results revealed that the voiceless plosive [k], the voiceless fricative [f], and the plosive-lateral approximant cluster [kl] caused stuttering moments across the languages. More stuttering moments occurred on consonants as opposed to vowels. The most prominent core behavior was prolongations. Language proficiency plays a role in the increase of the moments of stuttering in the least proficient language. Future research on a larger sample size is recommended. Research on African language speaking multilingual person who stutters (PWS) should be pursued.
Knockdown of Immature Colon Carcinoma Transcript 1 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Yiling , He Jiantao , Zhang Shenghui , Yang Qingbo , Wang Bo , Liu Zhiyu , Wu Xintian
Published: July 2016

Non–small cell lung cancer, as the most frequent type lung cancer, has lower survival rate of 5 years, despite improvements in surgery and chemotherapy. Previous studies showed immature colon carcinoma transcript 1 is closely related to tumorigenesis of human cancer cells. In the present study, we found immature colon carcinoma transcript 1 was overexpressed in lung cancer tissues using Oncomine database mining, and the biological effect of immature colon carcinoma transcript 1 was investigated in non–small cell lung cancer cell lines 95D and A549. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference was used to knock down immature colon carcinoma transcript 1 expression in 95D and A549 cells in vitro, and the knockdown efficiency was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. Knockdown of immature colon carcinoma transcript 1 significantly suppressed non–small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and colony formation ability confirmed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was applied to measure cell cycle arrest, and the result showed the cell cycle arrested in G2/M phase in 95D cells and arrested in G0/G1 phase in A549 cells. Furthermore, we measured the levels of cell cycle–associated proteins by Western blot analysis and found immature colon carcinoma transcript 1 –mediated cell proliferation inhibition appeared due to downregulation of cell cycle activator cyclin D1 and upregulation of cell cycle inhibitor p21. In addition, immature colon carcinoma transcript 1 silencing significantly induced non–small cell lung cancer cell apoptosis by annexin V/7-amino-actinomycin D double-staining assay. All our data suggest that immature colon carcinoma transcript 1 may play an important role for non–small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and could be a potential molecular target for diagnosing and treating human non–small cell lung cancer.
Anti-Estrogen Withdrawal Effect With Raloxifene? A Case Report
Authors: Lemmo Walter
Published: July 2016

A 66-year-old patient presented with acute recurrent metastatic estrogen and progesterone receptor–positive, Her-2/neu-negative breast cancer, bone lesions (lumbar spine, pelvis), pulmonary nodules, hepatic metastasis, elevated cancer antigen 15 and liver enzymes, dyspepsia, and diarrhea. The patient had been taking raloxifene for approximately 8 years. After discontinuation, clinical parameters and symptoms improved rapidly without oncological therapy or other forms of treatment. Three months after raloxifene discontinuation, capecitabine was initiated by the treating oncologist who deemed an anti-estrogen withdrawal effect (AEWE) implausible. However, the lasting regression was more indicative of a raloxifene rebound effect than chemotherapy or other interventions. Today, the patient is asymptomatic with a good performance status. Hepatic metastatic regression has been confirmed, without any oncological treatment administered in the past 16 months and approximately 23 months following the withdrawal of raloxifene. This case highlights the need to screen breast cancer patients for the possibility of an AEWE if they are using raloxifene and possibly similar selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) which includes tamoxifen, when diagnosed with advanced breast cancer, especially in the recurrent disease setting.
Central activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 by novel endogenous agonists contributes to mechanical and thermal allodynia after burn injury
Authors: Green Dustin P , Ruparel Shivani , Gao Xiaoli , Ruparel Nikita , Patil Mayur , Akopian Armen , Hargreaves Kenneth M
Published: July 2016

The primary complaint of burn victims is an intense, often devastating spontaneous pain, with persistence of mechanical and thermal allodynia. The transient receptor potential channels, TRPV1 and TRPA1, are expressed by a subset of nociceptive sensory neurons and contribute to inflammatory hypersensitivity. Although their function in the periphery is well known, a role for these TRP channels in central pain mechanisms is less well defined. Lipid agonists of TRPV1 are released from peripheral tissues via enzymatic oxidation after burn injury; however, it is not known if burn injury triggers the release of oxidized lipids in the spinal cord. Accordingly, we evaluated whether burn injury evoked the central release of oxidized lipids. Analysis of lipid extracts of spinal cord tissue with HPLC-MS revealed a significant increase in levels of the epoxide and diol metabolites of linoleic acid: 9,10-DiHOME, 12,13-DiHOME, 9(10)-EpOME, and 12(13)-EpOME, that was reduced after intrathecal (i.t.) injection of the oxidative enzyme inhibitor ketoconazole. Moreover, we found that these four lipid metabolites were capable of specifically activating both TRPV1 and TRPA1. Intrathecal injection of specific antagonists to TRPV1 (AMG-517) or TRPA1 (HC-030031) significantly reduced post-burn mechanical and thermal allodynia. Finally, i.t. injection of ketoconazole significantly reversed post-burn mechanical and thermal allodynia. Our data indicate that spinal cord TRPV1 and TRPA1 contributes to pain after burn and identifies a novel class of oxidized lipids elevated in the spinal cord after burn injury. Since the management of burn pain is problematic, these findings point to a novel approach for treating post-burn pain.
Effects of early blood pressure reduction on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Bu Xiaoqing , Zhang Yonghong , Bazzano Lydia A , Xu Tan , Guo Libing , Wang Xuemei , Zhang Jintao , Cui Yong , Li Dong , Zhang Fengshan , Ju Zhong , Xu Tian , Chen Chung-Shiuan , Chen Jing , He Jiang
Published: July 2016

Background

The effect of early blood pressure reduction on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke remains unknown.

Aim

We tested whether antihypertensive treatment would reduce cognitive impairment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

In the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke, patients with elevated blood pressure were randomly assigned to receive antihypertensive treatment or to discontinue all hypertensive medications within 48 h of onset. Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment at 3 months after randomization in a subsample of 638 participants.

Results

Mean systolic blood pressure was reduced by 21.5 mmHg in the antihypertensive treatment group and 13.9 mmHg in the control group within 24 h after randomization ( P < 0.001). Mean systolic blood pressure was 134.9 mmHg in the antihypertensive treatment group and 141.6 mmHg in the control group at day 14 after randomization ( P < 0.001). Median Mini-Mental State Examination score was 26 and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 22 in both the antihypertensive treatment and control groups at 3 months. An Mini-Mental State Examination < 24 was present in 30.9% of patients in the antihypertensive treatment group compared with 29.7% in the control group (odds ratio = 1.06; 95% confidence interval 0.75–1.48; P = 0.75). Likewise, proportions of patients with Montreal Cognitive Assessment < 26 were similar between the antihypertensive treatment (70.6%) and control (70.7%) groups (odds ratio = 0.99; 95% confidence interval 0.70–1.40; P = 0.96).

Conclusions

These data indicated that early blood pressure reduction with antihypertensive medication in patients with acute ischemic stroke had no effect on cognitive impairment at 3 months.
Air, rail and road: Medical Guidelines for Employees with a History of Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Klein Rebecca , Menon Bijoy K , Rabi Doreen , Stell William , Hill Michael D
Published: July 2016

Background

An acute medical condition following a previous stroke among those who operate trains, airplanes, and commercial vehicles can result in serious accidents. There are guidelines in place to assist physicians and employers in assessing the risks of returning to work after stroke but the extent and comprehensiveness across nations and among safety-critical occupations are not widely known.

Methods

Medical guidelines currently in place to regulate safety critical occupations including railway engineers, pilots and commercial vehicle drivers were systematically reviewed. Electronic and hand literature searches as well as review of grey literature for Canada, the USA, the UK, and Australia were conducted.

Results

There is no consistent set of guidelines that address the risk of a second catastrophic event after an initial cerebrovascular event in those employed in safety critical occupations in the four countries assessed. Some broad principles existed between the different countries and occupations but there was major variation in the approach to cerebrovascular disease and its impact on those working in safety-critical occupations.

Conclusions

A synthesis of current knowledge would assist in establishing risks of a catastrophic event in those who have already suffered from cerebrovascular illness. This will allow the creation of medical guidelines which could be applied to any safety critical occupation in any nation.
Delivering Rural Health in a Changing Health Model
Authors: Pati Debajyoti , Gaines Kristi , Valipoor Shabboo
Published: July 2016

Objectives:

An exploratory examination of rural hospital staff experiences to determine whether the physical state of rural healthcare facilities influence the healthcare experience and perception of care quality.

Background:

Rural hospitals have served as the backbone of rural communities in the United States. Over time, these facilities have witnessed enhanced expectations, expanding their scope of operations from acute care to diversified services through linked provider networks and disaster management. Simultaneously, financial challenges, increasing emphasis on safety and quality, and the Affordable Care Act have introduced new challenges for rural hospitals. Currently, there is little empirical knowledge in this domain from a facility perspective.

Methods:

An exploratory qualitative study was conducted, involving semistructured interviews of upper and mid-level administrators in four rural hospitals located in West Texas. All questions attempted to obtain the subject’s knowledge, ideas, and opinions concerning the physical design of the hospitals and the hospital experience.

Results:

According to data on staff experiences, two classes of factors surfaced as potential influencers of hospital experience and care quality: (1) care configuration and (2) outdated building. Care configuration pertains to positioning facilities designed with inpatient care focus to a market expanding in outpatient services. Outdated buildings affect several issue including perceived provider quality and spatial accommodations for safe/efficient care and thereby also affecting the healthcare experience.

Conclusions:

Physical infrastructure of rural hospitals may have important and meaningful implications for population health performance in rural America.
Yes, it is all about fetishism: A response to Daniel Cunha
Authors: Hornborg Alf , Malm Andreas
Published: July 2016

Daniel Cunha misreads us as suggesting that climate change has been a conscious and deliberate strategy of a global elite. This was very clearly not our suggestion. He proposes that the Marxian concept of fetishism is applicable to anthropogenic climate change, apparently unaware of our recurrent use of precisely this concept in a number of publications over the past decades. We thus fundamentally agree with his position, but find his critique of our own interpretation of the Anthropocene unfair and misdirected.
Zika Virus
Authors: Phillips Jennan A. , Neyland Anavernyel
Published: July 2016

Zika virus (ZIKV) infections are the latest global public health emergency. Occupational health nurses can protect society by educating workers, women of childbearing age, and others traveling in ZIKV-infected areas about prevention strategies.
Pseudoradial Nerve Palsy Caused by Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Tahir Hassan , Daruwalla Vistasp , Meisel Jeremy , Kodsi Samir E.
Published: July 2016

Pseudoperipheral palsy has been used to characterize isolated monoparesis secondary to stroke. Isolated hand nerve palsy is a rare presentation for acute cerebral stroke. Our patient presented with clinical features of typical peripheral radial nerve palsy and a normal computed tomography scan of the head, which, without a detailed history and neurological examination, could have been easily misdiagnosed as a peripheral nerve lesion deferring further investigation for a stroke. We stress the importance of including cerebral infarction as a critical differential diagnosis in patients presenting with sensory-motor deficit in an isolated peripheral nerve pattern. A good history and physical exam can differentiate stroke from peripheral neuropathy as the cause of radial nerve palsy.
Delivering Professional Development in Suicide Prevention
Authors: Scott Michelle , Feldman Barry N. , Underwood Maureen
Published: July 2016

Online learning has emerged as a new technology for professional development for secondary school teachers and staff, including administration and nonclinical counselors. It is unknown if suicide prevention can be taught and learned effectively in an online learning modality. A quasi-experimental pre–post design study compared suicide prevention knowledge of 197 secondary public school teachers, administrators, guidance counselors, and staff in a traditional 2-hour in-person training versus a self-paced Web-based online training. Both training modalities led to a statistically significant increase in knowledge; however, knowledge acquisition was significantly greater among individuals in the online training. Age of the participants moderated the relationship across the two training modalities. The majority of participants reported the online training as useful and relevant, and 100% would recommend the online suicide prevention training to others. Online trainings are just as effective in teaching emotionally sensitive content such as suicide prevention as traditional in-person trainings.
Clinicogenetic risk models predict early progression of follicular lymphoma after first-line immunochemotherapy
Authors: Jurinovic Vindi , Kridel Robert , Staiger Annette M. , Szczepanowski Monika , Horn Heike , Dreyling Martin H. , Rosenwald Andreas , Ott German , Klapper Wolfram , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Barr Paul M. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Ansell Stephen , Sehn Laurie H. , Connors Joseph M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Unterhalt Michael , Weinstock David M. , Weigert Oliver
Published: July 2016

Key Points

The posttreatment end point progression of FL within 24 months (POD24) is strongly associated with OS. A pretreatment clinicogenetic risk model (m7-FLIPI) predicts POD24 and OS and identifies the smallest subgroup with highest unmet need.
A randomized trial of amlodipine in addition to standard chelation therapy in patients with thalassemia major
Authors: Fernandes Juliano L. , Loggetto Sandra R. , Veríssimo Monica P. A. , Fertrin Kleber Y. , Baldanzi Giorgio R. , Fioravante Luciana A. B. , Tan Doralice M. , Higa Tatiana , Mashima Denise A. , Piga Antonio , Coelho Otavio R. , Costa Fernando F. , Saad Sara T.
Published: July 2016

Key Points

In thalassemia patients with cardiac siderosis, amlodipine combined with iron chelation resulted in more effective reduction of cardiac iron. The combined treatment did not have any effect on serum ferritin and left ventricular ejection fraction.
NON-TERRESTRIAL ORIGIN OF THE TEKTITES
Authors: HOCHMAN J. , O'KEEFE JOHN A.
Published: July 2016

In several recent papers the chemical constitution of the tektitest has been compared with that of terrestrial rocks, both igneous and sedimentary. The impression might be obtained from these papers that there are no systematic chemical differences between tektites and terrestrial rocks. In fact, however, there is a systematic tendency for the tektites to be deficient in volatile materials. Friedman has found that the gas content of tektites is less than 1 ppm. He also finds that the water content is lower than that of nearly all terrestrial materials; it is nearly always less than .02 percent. In the same way Mueller first pointed out that the alkalies are systematically low in the tektites as compared to the oxides of divalent metals. Loewinson-Lessing is stated to have found a systematic chemical difference depending both on the acidity coefficient and the ratio of monovalent to divalent oxides.
Direct Anastomosis Using Occipital Artery for Additional Revascularization in Moyamoya Disease After Combined Superficial Temporal Artery–Middle Cerebral Artery and Indirect Bypass
Authors: Kazumata Ken , Kamiyama Hiroyasu , Saito Hisayasu , Maruichi Katsuhiko , Ito Masaki , Uchino Haruto , Nakayama Naoki , Kuroda Satoshi , Houkin Kiyohiro
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is involved in approximately 30% of moyamoya disease (MMD) cases. However, there have been insufficient reports describing revascularization techniques in the posterior portion of the brain, particularly of direct anastomosis.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a technical assessment in patients with MMD who underwent either occipital artery (OA)–PCA bypass or OA–middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass.

METHODS: A total of 428 revascularization procedures in 368 patients were retrospectively assessed by reviewing clinical charts and radiological data.

RESULTS: Ten patients (3.5%) were treated with direct bypass after the anterior revascularization with a median interval of 30 months (range, 5 months-16 years). Seven patients were < 18 years of age (average age, 17.5 ± 15.6 years). Preoperative symptoms included transient motor deficits involving the lower extremities (n = 5), visual disturbances (n = 6), and cerebral infarctions (n = 6). A favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score < 3) was achieved in 9 of these 10 patients. Direct anastomosis was performed in 3 hemispheres with an OA-MCA bypass and in 8 hemispheres with an OA-PCA bypass. Patency of the direct bypass was confirmed on angiogram in 7 of 7 patients who underwent conventional angiogram performed within 1 year after the surgery. None of the 10 patients demonstrated cerebral infarctions after the posterior revascularization.

CONCLUSION: In MMD, symptomatic PCA regression after anterior revascularization was found predominantly in children and young adults. Direct anastomosis in the posterior portion of the brain can be successfully achieved and is effective in preventing ischemic events.
Evaluation of Diffusion Tensor Imaging–Based Tractography of the Corticospinal Tract: A Correlative Study With Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Direct Electrical Subcortical Stimulation
Authors: Javadi Seyed A. , Nabavi Arya , Giordano Mario , Faghihzadeh Elham , Samii Amir
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: The accuracy of intraoperative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)–based tractography of the corticospinal tract (CST) is crucial for its use in neurosurgical planning and its implementation in image-guided surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest prospective correlative study of the intraoperative DTI tractography of the CST and intraoperative direct electrical subcortical stimulation (DESS) of the CST, with application of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMR).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intraoperatively acquired DTI-based tractography of the CST in correlation with DESS.

METHODS: Twenty patients with gliomas (grades II-IV) adjacent to the CST were included in this prospective study. Bilateral DTI tractography of the CST was performed pre- and intraoperatively with application of 1.5-T iMRI and the results correlated and compared with the prevailing gold standard of DESS. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were considered to quantify the correlation of DTI tractography with DESS. The intensity of DESS was correlated with the distance from the CST. Moreover, the tissue quality of stimulation points at the wall of the resection cavity was evaluated with 5-aminolevulinic acid. The clinical and volumetric outcomes at postoperative and follow-up periods were also analyzed.

RESULTS: The mean ± SD age of the patients was 54.9 ± 12 years. A total of 40 CSTs were reconstructed and 36 stimulations were included at 20 pathological CSTs, resulting in 18 true-positive, 5 false-positive, and 13 true-negative responses. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of DTI tractography to localize the CST were 100%, 72%, 78%, and 100%, respectively. DTI-based tractography correlated well at 86% of DESSs, and a linear correlation was detected between the intensity of DESS and the distance. All of the patients improved clinically, and the mean extent of resection was 97.2%. 5-Aminolevulinic acid was valuable in visualizing tumor infiltration in the false-positive cases, suggesting an infiltration of the CST at stimulation points.

CONCLUSION: CST visualization in the iMRI setting appears to have a high sensitivity in accurately localizing the area of the CST adjacent to the resection cavity in glioma surgery. More prospective studies with a large sample size are needed to further support the results.
SCODE: A Cytoscape app for supervised complex detection in protein-protein interaction graphs
Authors: Mohamed Sarah , Janus Nick , Qi Yanjun
Published: July 2016

Protein complexes are groups of interacting proteins unified by a common biological function. Identifying complexes amid a network of thousands of interacting proteins poses a difficult computational challenge. Traditional approaches to this problem rely on clique-like topography in order to identify complexes. Supervised learning is an alternative approach that leverages real-valued data in order to extract the features of protein complexes and identify candidates that do not conform to traditional, dense clique structures. SCODE (Supervised Complex Detection), an application for the Cytoscape App Store, implements a supervised learning algorithm for the detection of protein complexes in protein-protein interaction networks.
Demonstrations and Price Competition in New Product Release
Authors: Boleslavsky Raphael , Cotton Christopher S. , Gurnani Haresh
Published: July 2016

We incorporate product demonstrations into a game theoretic model of price competition. Demonstrations may include product samples, trials, return policies, online review platforms, or any other means by which a firm allows consumers to learn about their value for a new product. In our model, demonstrations help individual consumers to learn whether they prefer an innovative product over an established alternative. The innovative firm controls demonstration informativeness. When the innovative firm commits to demonstration policies and there is flexibility in prices, the firm is best off offering fully informative demonstrations that divide the market and dampen price competition. In contrast, when a firm can adjust its demonstration strategy in response to prices, the firm prefers only partially informative demonstrations, designed to maximize its market share. Such a strategy can generate the monopoly profit for the innovative firm. We contrast the strategic role of demonstrations in our framework with the strategic role of capacity limits in models of judo economics, which also allow firms to divide a market and reduce competition.

This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Customer Referral Incentives and Social Media
Authors: Lobel Ilan , Sadler Evan , Varshney Lav R.
Published: July 2016

We study how to optimally attract new customers using a referral program. Whenever a consumer makes a purchase, the firm gives her a link to share with friends, and every purchase coming through that link generates a referral payment. The firm chooses the referral payment function and consumers play an equilibrium in response. The optimal payment function is nonlinear and not necessarily monotonic in the number of successful referrals. If we approximate the optimal policy using a linear payment function, the approximation loss scales with the square root of the average consumer degree. Using a threshold payment, the approximation loss scales proportionally to the average consumer degree. Combining the two, using a linear payment function with a threshold bonus, we can achieve a constant bound on the approximation loss.

This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
The Comovement of Investor Attention
Authors: Drake Michael S. , Jennings Jared , Roulstone Darren T. , Thornock Jacob R.
Published: July 2016

Prior literature has documented that investor attention and constraints on that attention are associated with the pricing of stocks. We introduce the concept of attention comovement, which is the extent to which investor attention to a firm is explained by attention paid to the firm’s industry and the market in general. We find that attention comovement is nontrivial for the average firm and is related to firm characteristics, such as size and visibility. We also find that the comovement of investor attention has market consequences, in that it is positively associated with excess stock return comovement. Finally, we show that a firm’s earnings announcement contributes to the transfer of attention from one firm to its peer firms. Our results provide insights about the information flows underlying return comovement and aid in understanding the micro and macronature of investor attention.

This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
GOTCHA! Network-Based Fraud Detection for Social Security Fraud
Authors: Van Vlasselaer Véronique , Eliassi-Rad Tina , Akoglu Leman , Snoeck Monique , Baesens Bart
Published: July 2016

We study the impact of network information for social security fraud detection. In a social security system, companies have to pay taxes to the government. This study aims to identify those companies that intentionally go bankrupt to avoid contributing their taxes. We link companies to each other through their shared resources, because some resources are the instigators of fraud. We introduce GOTCHA!, a new approach to define and extract features from a time-weighted network and to exploit and integrate network-based and intrinsic features in fraud detection. The GOTCHA! propagation algorithm diffuses fraud through the network, labeling the unknown and anticipating future fraud while simultaneously decaying the importance of past fraud. We find that domain-driven network variables have a significant impact on detecting past and future frauds and improve the baseline by detecting up to 55% additional fraudsters over time.

This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
Optimal Cost-Sharing in General Resource Selection Games
Authors: Gkatzelis Vasilis , Kollias Konstantinos , Roughgarden Tim
Published: July 2016

Resource selection games provide a model for a diverse collection of applications where a set of resources is matched to a set of demands. Examples include routing in traffic and in telecommunication networks, service of requests on multiple parallel queues, and acquisition of services or goods with demand-dependent prices. In reality, demands are often submitted by selfish entities (players) and congestion on the resources results in negative externalities for their users. We consider a policy maker that can set a priori rules to minimize the inefficiency induced by selfish players. For example, these rules may assume the form of scheduling policies or pricing decisions. We explore the space of such rules abstracted as cost-sharing methods. We prescribe desirable properties that the cost-sharing method should possess and prove that, in this natural design space, the cost-sharing method induced by the Shapley value minimizes the worst-case inefficiency of equilibria.
Bacteriophage treatment of intransigent diabetic toe ulcers: a case series
Authors: Fish R. , Kutter E. , Wheat G. , Blasdel B. , Kutateladze M. , Kuhl S.
Published: July 2016

Objective:

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) infections are a growing public health problem, with increasing prevalence, poor response to antibiotics and bacterial resistance to traditional antimicrobials leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Bacteriophages (phages), the viruses that target specific bacteria, are one option for addressing bacterial infections, especially where antibiotics fail. Of particular value is a class of virulent staphylococcal phages that hit almost all Staphylococcus aureus, including most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Here we report a continuous case series assessing the effectiveness of treating infected and poorly vascularised toe ulcers with exposed bone, after failure of recommended antibiotic therapy, using topically applied Staphylococcus aureus-specific phage.

Method:

This was a compassionate-use case series of nine patients with diabetes and poorly perfused toe ulcers containing culture-proven Staphylococcus aureus infected bone and soft tissue, who had responded poorly to recommended antibiotic therapy. Six representative cases are presented here. The only generally accepted other option in each case was toe amputation. Exposed portions of the infected phalanges were removed in three cases and left in place in two cases. One case presented as a micro-clot induced gangrene following vascular stenting. In this case, phage were used to prevent infection. The phage used was a commercially available fully sequenced preparation of staphylococcal phage Sb-1. Phage solution was applied topically to the ulcerations once weekly, following standard good wound care. The amount of phage solution applied varied from 0.1 to 0.5 cc depending on volume and area of the ulceration.

Results:

All infections responded to the phage applications and the ulcers healed in an average of seven weeks with infected bone debridement. One ulcer, where vascularity was extremely poor and bone was not removed to preserve hallux function, required 18 weeks of treatment. In the case of the toe with the micro-clot gangrene, the toe was salvaged and healed in seven weeks without complications.

Conclusion:

Topical application of a staph mono-phage preparation can be used successfully to treat infected toe ulcerations with bone involvement, despite very poor vascularity and failure of antibiotic treatment. The success within this small series provides the groundwork for controlled clinical trials of staph phage for diabetic foot infections.

Declaration of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest.
Immune and vascular dysfunction in diabetic wound healing
Authors: Ahmed A.S. , Antonsen E.L.
Published: July 2016

The diminished capacity for wound healing in patients with diabetes contributes to morbidity through ulceration and recurrent infections, loss of function and decreased workplace productivity, increased hospitalisation rates, and rising health-care costs. These are due to diabetes' effects on signalling molecules, cellular cascades, different cell populations, and the vasculature. The function of multiple immune system components including cellular response, blood factors, and vascular tone are all negatively impacted by diabetes. The purpose of this paper is to review the current understanding of immune and vascular dysfunction contributing to impaired wound healing mechanisms in the diabetic population. Normal wound healing mechanisms are reviewed followed by diabetic aberrations to immune and inflammatory function and atherogenesis and angiopathy.

Declaration of interest:

The authors have no financial or personal relationships to people or organisations that could potentially and inappropriately influence their work and conclusions.
Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers with dehydrated amniotic membrane allograft: a prospective case series
Authors: Abdo R.J.
Published: July 2016

Objective:

A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the many potential complications associated with diabetes. If not effectively and rapidly treated, DFUs can result in lower extremity amputations. This prospective case series aimed to assess the effectiveness of a dehydrated amniotic-derived tissue allograft (DAMA), with regards to time to wound closure and total number of applications.

Method:

Patients were recruited with a neuropathic non-healing DFU(s) despite standard care for at least 4 weeks before the study. The number of DAMA applications and time between applications was based on the physician's judgment. For the majority of patients (n=13/14), offloading, usually total contact casting (TCC), was used in conjunction with DAMA. Wounds were assessed, measured, and photographed every 1–2 weeks.

Results:

Cases included 14 patients (11 men, 3 women; mean age 56.7±9.1 years) with 15 non-healing neuropathic DFUs with a mean baseline wound area of 6.5±11.6cm2 (median: 2.2cm2; range: 0.1–44.2cm2) and mean volume of 4.3±10.9cm3 (median: 0.3cm3; range: 0–39.8cm3). All patients in this series achieved complete wound closure within a median time of 5 weeks (range: 1–14 weeks). Wound area was reduced by a median of 58.3% at week 1 and 74.1% at week 3, and volume by a median of 62.8% at week 1, 97.4% at week 3 and by a median of 100% at week 5 and all time points thereafter. Patients received a median of 2 DAMA applications (range: 1–11). In those that required more than 1 application (n=12), DAMA was applied at intervals of 1 week (n=3) or ≥2 weeks (n=9). Smaller wounds (areas <2.2cm2) closed rapidly (<1 month, 1–2 applications), whereas larger wounds (>2.2cm2) required >2 weekly/biweekly applications.

Conclusion:

The use of DAMA, particularly when coupled with TCC, led to wound closure of DFUs in all patients in this case series, including complex patients with DFUs of ≥1 year in duration, lack of prior response to conservative treatment measures, area >10cm2 and/or multiple comorbidities. Prospective randomised trials would help to elucidate the precise role of DAMA in these encouraging results.

Declaration of interest:

Derma Sciences, Inc. (Princeton, NJ) funded editorial support services.
‘The Leaning Tower of Pizzazz’: Ted Tinling, couturier for the women’s professional tennis revolution
Authors: Tredway Kristi
Published: July 2016

From 1947 until his death in 1990, Ted Tinling created couture fashion pieces for the world’s top tennis stars. A dressmaker in London’s famed Mayfair fashion district, Tinling turned to women’s tennis fashion after World War II due to the constraints on his creativity that the post-war rationing of goods caused. Tinling created some of the most notable dresses in tennis fashion, including Gussy Moran’s dress and lace bloomers that shocked the Wimbledon crowds in 1949 and Billie Jean King’s ‘Battle of the Sexes’ dress in 1973, which she wore as she defeated Bobby Riggs. His compulsion to push the limits of fashion, no matter how much the powers that be are offended, made him a couturier that will never be replicated. Tinling’s fashions, with their veil of femininity, allowed female athletes to compete unencumbered by cultural expectations. This would be Tinling’s greatest feat.
Redefining the celebrity: ‘Self-made’ versus ‘Manufactured’ celebrity endorsers’ impact on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions
Authors: McCormick Karla
Published: July 2016

In today’s advertising landscape the use of celebrity endorsers continues to be a popular type of advertising. Due to the media’s continual creation of reality television and the revolving door of reality stars, the celebrity culture has changed. The purpose of the study was to separate the type of ‘celebrity’ into two categories, ‘self-made’ and ‘manufactured’, and measure consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions towards the brand the celebrity is endorsing. Two print advertisements were used that contained a ‘self-made’ and a ‘manufactured’ celebrity endorsement of apparel brands. Respondents viewed both advertisements in the same order and answered questions pertaining to their attitudes to and purchase intentions for the advertised brand. Findings indicated that both types of endorsers increased purchase intent and created favourable attitudes towards the advertised brand.
Migration experiences and identity of the foreign worker-student: Focusing on the analysis of a Nepalese migrant worker-student’s life history
Authors: Shin Hyunran
Published: July 2016

This study is to examine the process of building identity of a foreign migrant who initially came to Korea as a factory worker first and reentered Korea as a student and tries to reconstruct his life story. To understand the phenomena of migration in Korea better, which are getting complex and prolonged, we need to pay more attention to the individual’s case of traveling back and forth between Korea and his/her homeland. The participant of this study experienced severe culture shock and physical violence. After he was converted to Christianity, however, he built up social network with Koreans in the church, and reentered to Korea to study theology. Comparing two societies, he changed his research interest from evangelism to Korean economic development. Through his experiences of migration, he concluded that the driving forces of Korean economic development are education and religion and has started preparing himself as a educator-pastor to evangelize and educate the next generation in Nepal, who could serve as a cornerstone for the economic development of Nepal. This case study shows how the Korean nationalism and education for development are disseminated to the less developed country through the migrants.
A biographical study on 3 marriage-migrant women working as native-speaking instructor
Authors: Seok Young-mi , Yi Byung-jun
Published: July 2016

In changing multi-cultural environment, it is necessary to understand marriage migrant women's occupation and workplace more in detail for their successful adaptation to the society and individual growth. Thus, the research method of biography for three experienced instructors was implemented. The results of this research are as follows. First, life of homeland, life after migration and growth and change by learning until becoming native-speaker instructors could be understood through the life of native-speaker instructors of marriage migrant women. For them, working and learning are life itself and foundation of life, and workplace was the place of communicating with the world. Second, it was possible to analyze the lives of these women to the process of separation, transition, and combination grounded in life process structure of Schutze and passage rites of van Gennep. They carried out an analysis of their life subjectively for 'progress curve', the surrounding situation exerting control to life. The process of life went through the stage of separation from homeland and the stage of transition which is unstable blank state after migration and approached the stage of combination establishing identity of native-speaking instructors. Experiences and learning of passage ritual stages let marriage migrant women be native-speaking instructors with the following new identity: capable and good person, confident and patient person, and guiding person.
The education status and problems of multi-cultural students crowded elementary schools
Authors: Park Cheol Hee , Park Juhyoung , Kim Wangjun
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop improvement plan for ‘Multi-cultural Students Crowded Elementary Schools(MSCES)’ through examining the perceptions of teachers to the schools. To this purpose, research team selected 5 MSCES located in southwestern area of Seoul City and conducted survey to teachers in those schools. The results are summarized as follows. First of all, to improve MSCES, it is crucial to set the school vision reflecting the characteristics of individual school. Second, supporting policy should be designed and implemented for integrating general and multi-cultural students together. Finally, it is necessary for all school and community members to collaborate to succeed in MSCES. Also, every student in MSCES should be valued by school community members. The solutions that the research team suggested are as follows. First, considering the teachers’ difficulty of teaching and counselling multi-cultural students, strong support for improving MSCES’ educational circumstances is essential. Second, specialized school support program for teachers is necessary. Finally, support for parents of multi-cultural students is also important for the succes of MSCES.
Analyzing the perspective of multiculturalism on Korean language textbooks
Authors: Jang Min Jung
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify how multiculturalism is presented in Korean language textbooks based upon narrative analysis on 13 middle and 11 high school textbooks. More specifically, the present study examined whether the multicultural discourse is realized in those textbooks especially in the persepctive of critical discourse analysis. This study looked at 2009 revised national curriculum to explore the current state of multicultural education and then analyze how to describe multiculturalism, especially focusing on the problem of otherness. Textbooks shape education curriculum, and they also work as an interpretive text which is a kind of social discourse. With these considerations in mind, this study was to provide a framework in terms of characteristics, events and a point of view, who identify as other, what kinds of conflicts are represented, and who are the speaker and teller of events. In addition, they still stressed the conventional norms and order. In other words, the problem has been confirmed that the minority is positioned as “the others”, as viewed from the biased perspective of the majority.