bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wear and thermal behavior of basalt fiber reinforced rice husk/polyvinyl chloride composites
Authors: Jiang Liangpeng , Fu Jingjing , Liu Lihong , Du Peng
Published: October 2020

Plant fiber reinforced polymer composites (PFRPs) in practical application are often subjected to both complex friction and variable temperature environments. The present work explores the possibility of reinforcing rice husk/polyvinyl chloride (RH/PVC) composites with basalt fibers (BF) for developing a new wear resistant material with improved thermal stability. The results showed that the structural strength and wear resistance of the composites increased at first and then decreased with an increasing ratio of BF/RH, the highest value occurred at a BF/RH ratio of 8/42. The thermal stability of composites had a positive relationship with BF/RH ratio. The composites added with BF all possessed improved performance in comparison with unadded composites. Hence, the findings of this article proposed some new perspectives on improving the wear resistance and thermal stability of PFRPs that would broaden their practical application.
Advances in Lentivirus Purification
Authors: Moreira Ana Sofia , Cavaco David Guia , Faria Tiago Q. , Alves Paula M. , Carrondo Manuel J. T. , Peixoto Cristina
Published: October 2020

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have been increasingly used as a tool for gene and cell therapies since they can stably integrate the genome in dividing and nondividing cells. LV production and purification processes have evolved substantially over the last decades. However, the increasing demands for higher quantities with more restrictive purity requirements are stimulating the development of novel materials and strategies to supply the market with LV in a cost‐effective manner. A detailed review of each downstream process unit operation is performed, limitations, strengths, and potential outcomes being covered. Currently, the majority of large‐scale LV manufacturing processes are still based on adherent cell culture, although it is known that the industry is migrating fast to suspension cultures. Regarding the purification strategy, it consists of batch chromatography and membrane technology. Nevertheless, new solutions are being created to improve the current production schemes and expand its clinical use.
Purchasing luck: The impact of scarcity cues on superstitious behavior
Authors: Wang Lili , Su Xiao , You Yanfen
Published: October 2020

Resource scarcity is prevalent in consumers' everyday lives. In contrast to the prior research suggesting that resource scarcity rationalizes consumers' decision‐making, this research examines when and why resource scarcity enhances consumers' superstitiousness, as represented by their preferences for lucky products. Six studies demonstrate that resource scarcity arouses consumers' desire for control, which, in turn, drives consumers to pursue lucky products. The paper concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and empirical implications of the results.
Expanding the stroke team to include interventional cardiology
Authors: Mendelsohn Farrell O. , Holmes David R. , Hopkins L. Nelson
Published: October 2020

Team‐based care has been emphasized as a strategy to improve and optimize outcomes for broad groups of patients who have presented with often complex medical conditions including large vessel cerebral occlusion. Although neurointerventionalists from different specialties perform mechanical embolectomy, which has become the standard of care for large vessel cerebral occlusion, these specialties are limited by relatively low numbers typically concentrated in a small number of sites. In this single center experience, approximately 50 patients with large vessel stroke were transferred out of an emergency room to other centers despite the availability of an experienced cardiologist with extensive carotid experience. Such transfer strategies typically result in delays in receiving reperfusion and, therefore, may decrease the success rates and substantial improvement that can be obtained by patients in this setting. Trained interventional cardiologists in centers with limited 24/7/365 coverage could achieve rapid revascularization and reperfusion saving lives. In order to accommodate the need for treating these patients, carotid stent trained cardiologists should enter the arena, learn mechanical embolectomy, and be supported by their colleagues from other disciplines on acute stroke care teams.
A Straightforward Synthesis of Polyketides via Ester Dienolate Matteson Homologation
Authors: Andler Oliver , Kazmaier Uli
Published: October 2020

Application of ester dienolates as nucleophiles in Matteson homologations allows for the stereoselective synthesis of highly substituted α,β‐unsaturated δ‐hydroxy carboxyl acids, structural motifs widespread found in polyketide natural products. The protocol is rather flexible and permits the introduction of substituents and functionalities also at those positions which are not accessible by the commonly used aldol reaction. Therefore, this ester dienolate Matteson approach is an interesting alternative to the “classical” polyketide syntheses.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission: A Rising Star in Chemistry and Materials Science
Authors: Han Ting , Yan Dingyuan , Wu Qian , Song Nan , Zhang Haoke , Wang Dong
Published: October 2020

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) refers to a photophysical effect that the luminescence of aggregates is stronger than that of the dispersed state. Since the concept of AIE was coined by Professor Ben Zhong Tang and co‐workers in 2001, AIE has evolved from a simple luminescent phenomenon to a multidisciplinary research field with a widespread influence. It has changed people's way of thinking about chromophore aggregation and greatly promoted the development of advanced luminescent materials. During the 20‐year development, diverse AIE luminogens (AIEgens) with attractive functionalities have been developed and remarkable achievements have been made in the mechanistic study and high‐tech applications of AIEgens. In this review, we provide an overview of the historical development and representative achievements of AIE research. Perspectives on the application of AIE in aggregate science are also briefly discussed to guide the future development in this field.
A Composite Membrane Based on Sulfonated Polystyrene Implanted in a Stretched PTFE Film for Vanadium Flow Batteries
Authors: Gvozdik Nataliya A. , Sanginov Evgeny A. , Abunaeva Lilia Z. , Konev Dmirty V. , Usenko Andrey A. , Novikova Ksenia S. , Stevenson Keith J. , Dobrovolsky Yury A.
Published: October 2020

The quality of ion‐selective membranes determines the efficiency of Vanadium Flow Batteries (VFBs), and alternatives to expensive Nafion™ materials are actively being searched for. One of the membrane architecture approaches is to imitate the Nafion™ structure with two separate phases: a conductive sulfonated polymer and an inner matrix. We introduce a new composite material based on sulfonated styrene polymerized inside the pores of a stretched PTFE matrix. Variation of polystyrene content and a sulfonation degree allowed to obtain membranes with IEC from to 0.96 to 1.84 mmol/g. Balanced vanadium permeability (ca. 5.5 ⋅ 10−6 cm2/min) and proton conductivity (ca. 50 mS/cm) were achieved for the material with 21–23 % polystyrene content and a sulfonation degree up to 94 %. Membranes showed stable cycling with 81 % energy efficiency in a single‐cell VFB. This work contributes to the existing knowledge of Nafion alternatives by providing a cheap and scalable method of membrane production.
Validity of a Norwegian version of the Desire Thinking Questionnaire (DTQ): Associations with problem drinking, nicotine dependence and problematic social media use
Authors: Solem Stian , Pedersen Henrik , Nesse Frikk , Garvik Janssen Arne , Ottesen Kennair Leif Edward , Hagen Roger , Havnen Audun , Hjemdal Odin , Caselli Gabriele , Spada Marcantonio M.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the current study was to test the validity of the Norwegian version of the Desire Thinking Questionnaire (DTQ). Three cross‐sectional surveys were conducted investigating the psychometric properties of the DTQ in alcohol use (N = 588), nicotine use (N = 446) and social media use (N = 359). Principal components and confirmatory factor analyses supported the original two‐factor solution consisting of verbal perseveration (VP) and imaginal prefiguration (IP); however, one item was removed to obtain good fit. Internal consistency was acceptable. Both IP and VP showed significant correlations with problem drinking, nicotine dependence and problematic social media use. Regression analyses, controlling for demographics and negative affect, found IP and VP to be significantly associated with all dependent variables. The results confirm that desire thinking is an important construct across different addictive behaviours.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Valorization of Biomass‐derived Levulinic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis of Curcumene and Xanthorrhizol
Authors: Xu Wen‐Yan , Zhuo Kai‐Feng , Gong Tian‐Jun , Fu Yao
Published: October 2020

Levulinic acid (LA) is acknowledged one of the most promising biomass‐derived platform molecules and can be transformed into various value‐added chemicals. Here, we report a new reaction process for the valorization of LA derivatives under transition‐metal‐free condition. The protocol combined with the conversion of the levulinate to tosylhydrazone and base promoted arylation, acylation, and etherification cross‐coupling. Moreover, our method was applied to synthesize three biologically active molecules, rac‐curcumene, rac‐xanthorrhizol and rac‐4,7‐dimethyl‐l‐tetralone. This reaction discloses a new avenue for the high‐value utilization of platform molecules.
Echocardiographic abnormalities and predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: the ECHOVID‐19 study
Authors: Lassen Mats Christian Højbjerg , Skaarup Kristoffer Grundtvig , Lind Jannie Nørgaard , Alhakak Alia Saed , Sengeløv Morten , Nielsen Anne Bjerg , Espersen Caroline , Ravnkilde Kirstine , Hauser Raphael , Schöps Liv Borum , Holt Eva , Johansen Niklas Dyrby , Modin Daniel , Djernæs Kasper , Graff Claus , Bundgaard Henning , Hassager Christian , Jabbari Reza , Carlsen Jørn , Lebech Anne‐Mette , Kirk Ole , Bodtger Uffe , Lindholm Matias Greve , Joseph Gowsini , Wiese Lothar , Schiødt Frank Vinholt , Kristiansen Ole Peter , Walsted Emil Schwarz , Nielsen Olav Wendelboe , Madsen Birgitte Lindegaard , Tønder Niels , Benfield Thomas , Jeschke Klaus Nielsen , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli , Knop Filip Krag , Lamberts Morten , Sivapalan Pradeesh , Gislason Gunnar , Marott Jacob Louis , Møgelvang Rasmus , Jensen Gorm , Schnohr Peter , Søgaard Peter , Solomon Scott D. , Iversen Kasper , Jensen Jens Ulrik Stæhr , Schou Morten , Biering‐Sørensen Tor
Published: October 2020

Aims

The present study had two aims: (i) compare echocardiographic parameters in COVID‐19 patients with matched controls and (2) assess the prognostic value of measures of left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function in relation to COVID‐19 related death.

Methods and results

In this prospective multicentre cohort study, 214 consecutive hospitalized COVID‐19 patients underwent an echocardiographic examination (by pre‐determined research protocol). All participants were successfully matched 1:1 with controls from the general population on age, sex, and hypertension. Mean age of the study sample was 69 years, and 55% were male participants. LV and RV systolic function was significantly reduced in COVID‐19 cases as assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS) (16.4% ± 4.3 vs. 18.5% ± 3.0, P < 0.001), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (2.0 ± 0.4 vs. 2.6 ± 0.5, P < 0.001), and RV strain (19.8 ± 5.9 vs. 24.2 ± 6.5, P = 0.004). All parameters remained significantly reduced after adjusting for important cardiac risk factors. During follow‐up (median: 40 days), 25 COVID‐19 cases died. In multivariable Cox regression reduced TAPSE [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.07–1.31], P = 0.002, per 1 mm decrease], RV strain (HR = 1.64, 95%CI[1.02;2.66], P = 0.043, per 1% decrease) and GLS (HR = 1.20, 95%CI[1.07–1.35], P = 0.002, per 1% decrease) were significantly associated with COVID‐19‐related death. TAPSE and GLS remained significantly associated with the outcome after restricting the analysis to patients without prevalent heart disease.

Conclusions

RV and LV function are significantly impaired in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients compared with matched controls. Furthermore, reduced TAPSE and GLS are independently associated with COVID‐19‐related death.
The role and molecular mechanism of FoxO1 in mediating cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Yu Wei , Chen Chunjuan , Cheng Jidong
Published: October 2020

Cardiac hypertrophy can lead to heart failure and cardiovascular events and has become a research hotspot in the field of cardiovascular disease. Despite extensive and in‐depth research, the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy is far from being fully understood. Increasing evidence has shown that the transcription factor forkhead box protein O 1 (FoxO1) is closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy. This review summarizes the current literature on the role and molecular mechanism of FoxO1 in cardiac hypertrophy. We searched the database MEDLINE via PubMed for available evidence on the effect of FoxO1 on cardiac hypertrophy. FoxO1 has many effects on multiple diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, aging, and stem cell activity. Recent studies have shown that FoxO1 plays a critical role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Evidence for this relationship includes the following. (i) FoxO1 can regulate cardiac growth/protein synthesis, calcium homeostasis, cell apoptosis, and autophagy and (ii) is controlled by several upstream signalling molecules (e.g. phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt, AMP‐activated protein kinase, and sirtuins) and regulates many downstream transcription proteins (e.g. ubiquitin ligases muscle RING finger 1/muscle atrophy F‐box, calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells, and microRNAs). In response to stress or external stimulation (e.g. low energy, oxidative stress, or growth factor signalling), FoxO1 undergoes post‐translational modification and transfers from the cytoplasm to nucleus, thus regulating the expression of a series of target genes in myocardium that are involved in cardiac growth/protein synthesis, calcium homeostasis, cell apoptosis, and autophagy. (iii) Finally, targeted regulation of FoxO1 is an effective method of intervening in myocardial hypertrophy. The information reviewed here should be significant for understanding the roles of FoxO1 in cardiac hypertrophy and should contribute to the design of further studies related to FoxO1 and the hypertrophic response. It should also shed light on a potential treatment for cardiac hypertrophy.
Applicability of Equilibrium Sampling in Informing Tissue Residues and Dietary Risks of Legacy and Current-Use Organic Chemicals in Aquaculture
Authors: Li Juan-ying , Zhang Li , Wang Qian , Xu Jiayan , Yin Jie , Chen Yiqin , Gong Yiwen , Kelly Barry C. , Jin Ling
Published: October 2020

Equilibrium sampling based on silicone polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used to determine the concentrations of freely dissolved hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and assess the thermodynamic potentials for bioaccumulation of these compounds in the aquatic environment. This allows the use of PDMS-based sampling techniques in assisting conventional sampling and extraction methods for the determination of the concentrations of HOCs in aquaculture products. The present study is an ex situ demonstration of how well PDMS can inform the tissue residues and dietary risks of legacy or current-use organic chemicals in aquaculture species from farm ponds in eastern China. For legacy contaminants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, n = 10), good agreement between the predicted concentrations based on PDMS and the measured lipid-normalized concentrations was observed for 60% of the studied biota, including both pelagic and benthic species. For pesticides currently used, such as pyrethroid (PE) (n = 4) and organophosphate pesticides (OPPs, n = 7), the measured tissue residues were consistently higher than those predicted by PDMS, possibly caused by the continuous input from the surroundings. For the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, n = 5), the only detected chemical was also underestimated. Adjusted by ingestion rates of aquaculture products and toxicology data, the target hazard quotients of these chemicals predicted from PDMS were generally comparable to those derived from measured concentrations in tissue because of the predominance of PBDEs. Overall, PDMS-based equilibrium sampling offered an alternative approach for the prediction of tissue residues and dietary risks of PBDEs. Moreover, it should be applied with caution for PEs, OPPs, and OCPs. Improving the application of PDMS for these chemicals in farm ponds warrants future study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:79–87. © 2020 SETAC
Heat transfer analysis in a hydromagnetic Walters' B fluid with elastic deformation and Newtonian heating
Authors: Akinbo Bayo Johnson , Olajuwon Bakai Ishola
Published: October 2020

In this study, a computational investigation is carried out to examine the interaction of heat generation/absorption with elastic deformation in a viscous hydromagnetic Walters’ B model past a stretching surface under the intensity of Newtonian heating. The model equations which are responsible for the motion of the fluid and heat interactions are reworked to ordinary differential equations by the appropriate similarity variables and solved via the homotopy analysis method. The parameters encountered were discussed through graphs and tables. The result reveals among others that the heat generation and Newtionian heating magnifies the temperature across the layer and makes quiescent fluid experience a thermal effect.
Diabetic retinopathy severity grading employing quadrant‐based Inception‐V3 convolution neural network architecture
Authors: Bhardwaj Charu , Jain Shruti , Sood Meenakshi
Published: October 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) accounts in eye‐related disorders due to accumulated damage to small retinal blood vessels. Automated diagnostic systems are effective in early detection and diagnosis of severe eye complications by assisting the ophthalmologists. Deep learning‐based techniques have emerged as an advancement over conventional techniques based on hand‐crafted features. The authors have proposed a Quadrant‐based automated DR grading system in this work using Inception‐V3 deep neural network to extract small lesions present in retinal fundus images. The grading efficiency of the proposed architecture is improved utilizing image enhancement and optical disc removal pipeline along with data augmentation stage. The proposed system yields accuracy of 93.33% with minimized cross‐entropy loss of 0.291. Capability of proposed system is demonstrated experimentally to provide efficient DR diagnosis. The diagnosis ability of the proposed architecture is demonstrated by state‐of‐the‐art comparison with other mainstream convolution neural network models and a maximum improvement of 14.33% is observed.
Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons by alkali–salt‐tolerant microbial consortia and their community profiles
Authors: Zhang Xuwang , Bao Dongli , Li Maoting , Tang Qidong , Wu Minghuo , Zhou Hao , Liu Lifen , Qu Yuanyuan
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution has become a global concern, and seeking an appropriate strategy for treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons is necessary, especially under saline–alkaline conditions. In this study, microbial consortia capable of utilizing low‐molecular‐weight aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbons (n‐decane, n‐dodecane and n‐hexadecane) as the sole carbon source were enriched from crude‐oil‐contaminated soils, and their community profiles were evaluated using high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene.

RESULTS

The microbial consortia were able to degrade 5–100 mL L−1 n‐decane, n‐dodecane and n‐hexadecane by approximately 37.6–97.3%, 52.1–93.2% and 72.4–96.5%, respectively. The consortia also exhibited alkali‐tolerant and moderately salt‐resistant capability, which enabled them to retain high degradation efficiencies of hydrocarbons within a pH range of 7.0–11.0 and salinities of 5–20 g L−1 NaCl. High‐throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Achromobacter, Mesorhizobium and Brucella were the core genera (average > 1%) in the consortia, which were more enriched under alkaline condition (pH 11.0). PICRUSt (phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states) prediction revealed a rich set of metabolic functions involved in degradation of hydrocarbons and aromatics, and the critical functional gene, alkane 1‐monooxygenase, was more abundant in the microbial consortia under alkaline condition.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggested that these alkali–salt‐tolerant microbial consortia could be a promising candidate for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Micro‐morpho‐anatomical mechanisms involve in epiphytic adaptation of micropropagated plants of Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G. Don
Authors: Mani Manokari , Rasangam Latha , Selvam Priyadharshini , Shekhawat Mahipal Singh
Published: October 2020

Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G. Don. (grey orchid, family Orchidaceae) is an epiphytic orchid of horticultural importance and currently under threat due to overharvesting and habitat destruction. Micropropagation protocols were developed for the production of grey orchid but the survival success of in vitro regenerated plantlets is uncertain due to lack of understanding about the adaptation mechanism during hardening. The present study describes the structural adaptation mechanism of V. tessellata when the in vitro regenerated plantlets were acclimatized under the greenhouse conditions. Light microscopy has been implicated to identify the adaptational alterations during in vitro to ex vitro transition of micropropagated plantlets. The in vitro induced morpho‐anatomical anomalies were more prominently observed in the density of stomata, veins (architecture) and raphides, leaf, and root structural parameters such as water cells and velamen tissues. The results indicated that remarkable reconciliation occurred in structural developments of mechanical and vascular tissues upon epiphytic adaptations of V. tessellata. The study could help in understanding the adaptation mechanism of in vitro regenerated plantlets (especially velamen tissues of epiphytic roots) when transferred to the greenhouse for acclimatization.

Research highlights

Vanda tessellata is an epiphytic orchid of horticultural importance.

Comparative micro‐morpho‐anatomical analysis at subsequent stages of in vitro regeneration was conducted.

Foliar structural and developmental mechanisms towards epiphytic adaptation were studied.

In vitro induced structural abnormalities were repaired and epiphytic adaptation was visualized.

Stomata, leaf, and root architectures and velamen tissues were well developed in acclimatized plantlets.

The report could be useful in the conservation and sustainable utilization of Vanda tessellata.
A comparison of minimally invasive vs open distal pancreatectomy for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Kwon Jaewoo , Park Seo Young , Park Yejong , Jun Eunsung , Lee Woohyung , Song Ki Byung , Lee Jae Hoon , Hwang Dae Wook , Kim Song Cheol
Published: October 2020

Background

Owing to concerns regarding adequate oncological outcomes and perioperative complications, minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has limited generalizability. The aim of this study was to assess the perioperative and oncologic outcomes of MIDP compared with open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) for resectable PDAC after propensity score matching (PSM).

Methods

The patients who underwent MIDP and ODP for PDAC between January 2010 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, perioperative outcomes, pathological outcomes, and overall and disease‐free survival data were collected to compare MIDP and ODP. After PSM, perioperative and oncologic outcomes were analyzed.

Results

A total of 156 MIDP patients were compared with 156 ODP patients for resectable PDAC after PSM. Tumor size, TNM stage, differentiation, harvested lymph nodes, and positive lymph nodes were not different except for R1 resection and lymphovascular invasion between the MIDP and ODP groups. Operation times, overall complications, POPF, and adjuvant treatment were also not different between the two groups. The MIDP group had shorter hospital stays (10.0 vs 13.4 days, P < 0.001) and shorter interval times from surgery to adjuvant treatment (37.6 days vs 46.0 days, P = 0.002) than the ODP group. The MIDP group had better overall survival (34.9 vs 24.5 months, P = 0.012) and disease‐free survival (16.2 vs 10.3 months, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy has advantages with respect to postoperative hospital stay, interval between surgery, and adjuvant treatment. MIDP is associated with the possibility of improved survival rate for resectable PDAC.
Indocyanine green administration a day before surgery may increase bile duct detectability on fluorescence cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Matsumura Masaru , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Kobayashi Yuta , Kobayashi Kosuke , Ishizawa Takeaki , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Arita Junichi , Kokudo Norihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi
Published: October 2020

Background

The optimal indocyanine green (ICG) administration protocol for fluorescence cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has yet to be determined.

Methods

A prospective study including 20 cases of ICG fluorescence‐navigated LC was conducted. Accordingly, the first 10 patients were administered 2.5 mg of ICG on the day of surgery after intubation (surgery‐day group), while the remaining 10 consecutive patients were administered 0.25 mg/kg of ICG on the evening before surgery (one‐day‐before group). Fluorescence intensity (FI) of each tissue and FI ratios were then compared between both groups.

Results

The median interval between observation and ICG administration was 27 minutes and 16 hours 24 minutes in the surgery‐day and one‐day‐before group, respectively. Although FI values for the common bile duct (CBD), liver, and hepatoduodenal ligament (HDL) were significantly lower in the one‐day‐before group than in the surgery‐day group, CBD–
, 0.6–1.2 vs 2.5, 0.9 = –4.8; P < .001), and CBD–HDL contrast (1.7, 1.4–2.4 vs 2.3, 1.5–13.3; P = .038) were significantly higher in the one‐day‐before group than in the surgery‐day group.

Conclusion

ICG administration a day before LC may offer better CBD background contrast compared to administration just prior to surgery.
Intersecting aims, divergent paths: The Allensbach Institute, the Institute for Social Research, and the making of public opinion research in 1950s West Germany
Authors: Ostrow Sonja G.
Published: October 2020

After 1945, both the Western Allies in Germany and some German social scientists embraced empirical public opinion research. This article examines the rhetoric, practices, and collaborative professional efforts of two of the most significant institutions conducting opinion research in West Germany in the 1950s: the Allensbach Institute and the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt. Although the political stances of these institutions differed, they were motivated to apply empirical research methods associated with Anglo‐American social research to the West German population by shared concerns about the fragility of democracy, faith in the empirical sciences as an antidote to Nazi‐era thought patterns, and the need to form a united front against doubters within West Germany. Even while declaring their desire to incorporate the latest empirical advances from the United States, however, they sought to articulate the meaning of their methods and findings in terms of the specific challenges faced by West Germany.
The multiple ways of behaving creatively in the workplace: A typology and model
Authors: Yuan Feirong , Woodman Richard W.
Published: October 2020

Evidence in the literature suggests that employees can engage in other types of creative behavior at work beyond producing something new and useful for their organization. This paper seeks to advance our understanding of these “atypical” creative behaviors. We conceptualize a typology that encompasses both the commonly studied form of employee creativity (conventional steward‐type) and three other types of employee creativity that have not been previously theorized (critical steward‐type, cunning agent‐type, and innocent agent‐type). We then advance a conceptual model to identify situations that may lead employees to use their creative potential one way versus another. Further, we examine the different implications of these creative behaviors for the organization, employee, and society. Our conceptual framework provides a broader perspective of workplace creativity in which a wider range of behaviors, mechanisms, and outcomes must be considered. It provides new directions for future research as well as implications for managing creativity in different organizational and cultural contexts.
Temporal Stability of Self‐Reported Trauma Exposure on the Life Events Checklist for DSM‐5
Authors: Pugach Cameron P. , Nomamiukor Faith O. , Gay Natalie G. , Wisco Blair E.
Published: October 2020

The Life Events Checklist for DSM‐5 (LEC‐5) is a comprehensive screening instrument used to detect exposure to a range of potentially traumatic events. Despite its widespread use, research assessing the psychometric properties of scores on the LEC‐5—and trauma exposure more broadly—is scarce. Using a large sample of undergraduate students (N = 1,013), we sought to evaluate the reliability of trauma exposure reporting on the LEC‐5 across 8‐ (N = 379) and 12‐week (N = 343) intervals. Reliability estimates were examined for trauma exposure type (e.g., experiencing, witnessing), traumatic event type (e.g., sexual assault), and index trauma (i.e., “worst event”) reporting. Reliability was more stable for events that were directly experienced, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) = .62–64, than events that were witnessed, ICCs = .47–.52, or learned about, ICCs = .48–.53. Test–retest agreement was fair to good for reports of sexual assault, physical assault, transportation accidents, natural disasters, and other sexual experiences, κs = .49–.72, but only when individuals directly experienced these events. By contrast, across both assessment intervals, the agreement was attenuated, all κs < .40, for events that individuals witnessed or learned about regardless of event type. For index events, only sexual assault and sudden accidental or violent deaths were consistently reported with a fair or better agreement, κs = .42–.64. These findings suggest that reliable trauma reporting varies largely based on the nature of the traumatic event, yielding important implications for the assessment of DSM‐5 Criterion A and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Should we add social media account details to authors' affiliations?
Authors: BasirianJahromi Reza , Shamsi Amrollah
Published: October 2020

Key points

The inclusion of authors' social media (SM)/scientific social media (SSM) accounts in articles can be used as a complement to their other official identifiers.

Viewing authors' SM/SSM pages alongside scientific works can lead to greater cognition and intimacy among researchers.
Semi‐ and fully supervised quantification techniques to improve population estimates from machine classifiers
Authors: Orenstein Eric C. , Kenitz Kasia M. , Roberts Paul L.D. , Franks Peter J.S. , Jaffe Jules S. , Barton Andrew D.
Published: October 2020

Modern in situ digital imaging systems collect vast numbers of images of marine organisms and suspended particles. Automated methods to classify objects in these images – largely supervised machine learning techniques – are now used to deal with this onslaught of biological data. Though such techniques can minimize the human cost of analyzing the data, they also have important limitations. In training automated classifiers, we implicitly program them with an inflexible understanding of the environment they are observing. When the relationship between the classifier and the population changes, the computer's performance degrades, potentially decreasing the accuracy of the estimate of community composition. This limitation of automated classifiers is known as “dataset shift.” Here, we describe techniques for addressing dataset shift. We then apply them to the output of a binary deep neural network searching for diatom chains in data generated by the Scripps Plankton Camera System (SPCS) on the Scripps Pier. In particular, we describe a supervised quantification approach to adjust a classifier's output using a small number of human corrected images to estimate the system error in a time frame of interest. This method yielded an 80% improvement in mean absolute error over the raw classifier output on a set of 41 independent samples from the SPCS. The technique can be extended to adjust the output of multi‐category classifiers and other in situ observing systems.
The impact of reduced visibility caused by air pollution on construal level
Authors: Ding Ying , Zhong Jiaqi , Guo Guoqing , Chen Fengchao
Published: October 2020

Although ample research has recognized air pollution as a severe threat to human health and emotion, little research has been conducted on its impact on consumers' information‐processing style. This study explores the effect of reduced visibility caused by air pollution on the construal level adopted by consumers. Specifically, we document how low visibility caused by air pollution makes people more inclined to adopt an abstract mindset, whereas high visibility on a clean day makes people more inclined to adopt a concrete mindset. Across a set of three field studies and one laboratory experiment, we employ alternate measures of construal level: behavioral identification index (Studies 1 and 4) and categorization task (Study 2). Our research provides empirical evidence of the proposed effect and rules out alternative explanations. Additionally, as a downstream consequence, reduced visibility due to air pollution causes individuals to favor desirability over feasibility in product trade‐offs (Study 3). Our findings shed new light on construal level theory from an ecological perspective and provide meaningful marketing suggestions.
Finite Element Analysis of Stress Wave Propagation in Adhesive Joints under Low Speed Impact Tensile Loadings
Authors: Xu Yuqiong , Ke Yiming , Ma Xiaoqiang
Published: October 2020

The adhesive joints are suddenly disturbed by the impact loadings in industrial applications. The stress wave propagation and stress distribution in the single lap joint (SLJ) with aluminum alloy adherends and two types of epoxy adhesives under impact tensile loadings are analyzed with the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the drop weight test. The impact velocity is assumed below 2000 mm s−1 and the total impact history is 0.2 ms. The stress is observed throughout the middle plane in the overlap area. The stress wave propagation in the adhesive layer reveal obvious directivity and show the transformation from the elastic wave to the plastic wave. The equivalent Von‐Mises stress increases approximately linearly with the increase of impact energy. At different times, the equivalent Von‐Mises stress along the adhesive longitude present bimodal distribution, while the stress wave propagation characterizes the rising‐falling‐rising trend. The stress singularity area is around 3–5 mm from edges. The equivalent Von‐Mises stress of the transversal middle plane in the adhesive layer is sensitive to rupture with the symmetrical distribution. A damage sensitive area located 2.6 mm away from both edges. The upper interface of the adhesive layer may initiate failure under the low‐velocity impact.
Depression prevalence based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale compared to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM DIsorders classification: Systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Lyubenova Anita , Neupane Dipika , Levis Brooke , Wu Yin , Sun Ying , He Chen , Krishnan Ankur , Bhandari Parash M. , Negeri Zelalem , Imran Mahrukh , Rice Danielle B. , Azar Marleine , Chiovitti Matthew J. , Saadat Nazanin , Riehm Kira E. , Boruff Jill T. , Ioannidis John P. A. , Cuijpers Pim , Gilbody Simon , Kloda Lorie A. , Patten Scott B. , Shrier Ian , Ziegelstein Roy C. , Comeau Liane , Mitchell Nicholas D. , Tonelli Marcello , Vigod Simone N. , Aceti Franca , Barnes Jacqueline , Bavle Amar D. , Beck Cheryl T. , Bindt Carola , Boyce Philip M. , Bunevicius Adomas , Chaudron Linda H. , Favez Nicolas , Figueiredo Barbara , Garcia‐Esteve Lluïsa , Giardinelli Lisa , Helle Nadine , Howard Louise M. , Kohlhoff Jane , Kusminskas Laima , Kozinszky Zoltán , Lelli Lorenzo , Leonardou Angeliki A. , Meuti Valentina , Radoš Sandra N. , García Purificación N. , Pawlby Susan J. , Quispel Chantal , Robertson‐Blackmore Emma , Rochat Tamsen J. , Sharp Deborah J. , Siu Bonnie W. M. , Stein Alan , Stewart Robert C. , Tadinac Meri , Tandon S. Darius , Tendais Iva , Töreki Annamária , Torres‐Giménez Anna , Tran Thach D. , Trevillion Kylee , Turner Katherine , Vega‐Dienstmaier Johann M. , Benedetti Andrea , Thombs Brett D.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Estimates of depression prevalence in pregnancy and postpartum are based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) more than on any other method. We aimed to determine if any EPDS cutoff can accurately and consistently estimate depression prevalence in individual studies.

Methods

We analyzed datasets that compared EPDS scores to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression status. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to compare prevalence with EPDS cutoffs versus the SCID.

Results

Seven thousand three hundred and fifteen participants (1017 SCID major depression) from 29 primary studies were included. For EPDS cutoffs used to estimate prevalence in recent studies (≥9 to ≥14), pooled prevalence estimates ranged from 27.8% (95% CI: 22.0%–34.5%) for EPDS ≥ 9 to 9.0% (95% CI: 6.8%–11.9%) for EPDS ≥ 14; pooled SCID major depression prevalence was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.5%–12.3%). EPDS ≥14 provided pooled prevalence closest to SCID‐based prevalence but differed from SCID prevalence in individual studies by a mean absolute difference of 5.1% (95% prediction interval: −13.7%, 12.3%).

Conclusion

EPDS ≥14 approximated SCID‐based prevalence overall, but considerable heterogeneity in individual studies is a barrier to using it for prevalence estimation.
River Network and Reach-Scale Controls on Habitat for Lamprey Larvae in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon
Authors: Jones Krista L. , Dunham Jason B. , O’Connor Jim E. , Keith Mackenzie K. , Mangano Joseph F. , Coates Kelly , Mackie Travis
Published: October 2020

This study developed a spatially explicit framework to support the conservation of Western Brook Lamprey Lampetra richardsoni and Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon. This framework identified locations within the river network likely to support “potential burrowing habitat” for lamprey larvae based on geomorphic conditions and evaluated the overlap of potential burrowing habitat with water temperatures suitable for the nonnative, piscivorous Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu. The study also documented reach-scale factors that create heterogeneity in potential burrowing habitat to guide on-the-ground habitat restoration. Based on criteria for mean annual suspended sediment loads and channel slope, 18% of the Umpqua River network was classified as potential burrowing habitat. Existing mean August water temperatures of ≥20°C were suitable for Smallmouth Bass for 32% of the potential burrowing habitat. This percentage increased to 41% of the potential burrowing habitat using projected mean August water temperatures for year 2040, suggesting that water temperatures in the future will facilitate upstream expansion of Smallmouth Bass into the potential burrowing habitat. At finer spatial scales, potential burrowing habitat was influenced by channel features, such as large wood, pools, and local channel slope and width. These results provide an initial template for identifying locations in river networks likely to have potential burrowing habitat, considering the overlap between threats and lamprey habitats, and planning conservation actions to support native lampreys.
Large-Scale Flow Management Action Drives Estuarine Ecological Response
Authors: Beakes Michael P. , Graham Cory , Conrad J. Louise , White James R. , Koohafkan Michael , Durand John , Sommer Ted
Published: October 2020

Resource managers rely on large-scale flow and habitat enhancement actions to support sensitive species in the San Francisco Bay–Delta. The effects of these actions on target species and ecosystems are largely unknown. In 2018, we implemented an ecosystem-scale experiment to reduce salinity and improve access to high-quality habitat in Suisun Marsh, California, for Endangered Species Act-listed Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus. The action included a release of approximately 46 million m3 of additional flow in conjunction with the operation of a novel water management facility, the Suisun Marsh Salinity Control Gates. This experimental action resulted in more low-salinity habitat in Suisun Marsh than would have been present as compared to similar historical low-flow summer conditions. We evaluated the effect of decreasing salinity on the species assemblage in Suisun Marsh using a combination of ordination analyses and circular statistics. We focused this analysis on long-term monitoring data collected within Suisun Marsh during July and August and found that the aquatic community changed significantly in small sloughs but not large-slough habitat in response to the Suisun Marsh action. The assemblage shift from July to August 2018 differed from historical trends in both slough sizes, albeit not significantly in large-slough habitat. Specifically, we observed (1) a shift in California bay shrimp Crangon franciscorum and Striped Bass Morone saxatilis abundance like that occurring in low-salinity, wet water year types; and (2) an uncharacteristic seasonal decline in Black Sea jellyfish Maeotias marginata. We posit that the observed community changes were driven by a combination of behavioral responses to lower-salinity conditions and physical displacement by directional flow resulting from the flow management action.
Palliative care considerations and practices for adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Upshaw Naadira C. , Roche Anna , Gleditsch Katrina , Connelly Erin , Wasilewski‐Masker Karen , Brock Katharine E.
Published: October 2020

The definition of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in oncology varies with upper limits up to age 39. Younger AYAs, ages 12‐24 years, are often cared for within pediatrics. In caring for AYAs with cancer, there are unique considerations that become even more important to recognize, acknowledge, and address in AYAs with life‐threatening cancer receiving palliative care. This review highlights important factors such as psychosocial development, cultural considerations, and support structure, which should be considered when providing palliative care to AYAs with cancer during the various stages of care: introduction of palliative care; symptom management; advanced care planning (ACP); end‐of‐life (EOL) care; and bereavement.
Electrospun progesterone‐loaded cellulose acetate nanofibers and their drug sustained‐release profiles
Authors: do Nascimento Soares Gabriella Onila , Ribeiro Lima Machado Raíssa , Mendonça Diniz Mariana , da Silva Aline Bruna
Published: October 2020

Novel cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers incorporated with hormone progesterone (P4) were prepared by electrospinning and its potential as a controlled release system for medicine and veterinary was evaluated by controlled release essay. The morphology, thermal behavior, and structure of P4‐loaded CA nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The analyses revealed that the incorporation of P4 increased nanofibers' diameter from around 340 to 892 nm to 8% w/w P4‐loaded CA nanofibers. Furthermore, P4 has demonstrated high interaction with CA affecting its crystalline structure, since pure CA nanofibers presented 67.23% of crystallinity while P4‐loaded CA nanofibers where amorphous. Ultimately, the drug release essay demonstrated a two‐stage profile, and regarding release kinetics, the samples evidenced a diffusion mechanism depending on P4 concentration in the nanofiber.
Providing care to parents dying from cancer with dependent children: Health and social care professionals' experience
Authors: Hanna Jeffrey R. , McCaughan Eilís , Beck Esther R. , Semple Cherith J.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Parents often feel ill‐equipped to prepare their dependent children (<18 years old) for the death of a parent, necessitating support from professionals. The aim of this study is to explore health and social care professionals' (HSCPs) experiences and perceptions of providing supportive care to parents regarding their children, when a parent is dying from cancer.

Methods

Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 HSCPs, including nurses, allied health professionals, social workers and doctors from specialist or generalist roles, across acute or community sectors.

Results

HSCPs' perceptions of the challenges faced by many families when a parent is dying from cancer included: parental uncertainties surrounding if, when and how to tell the children that their parent was dying, the demands of managing everyday life, and preparing the children for the actual death of their parent. Many HSCPs felt ill‐equipped to provide care to parents at end of life concerning their children. The results are discussed under two themes: (1) hurdles to overcome when providing psychological support to parents at end of life and (2) support needs of families for the challenging journey ahead.

Conclusions

There appears to be a disparity between HSCPs' awareness of the needs of families when a parent is dying and what is provided in practice. HSCPs can have a supportive role and help equip parents, as they prepare their children for the death of their parent. Appropriate training and guideline provision could promote this important aspect of end of life care into practice.
Bipartite tracking consensus for asynchronous second‐order multiagent systems with event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Xia Hong , Cao Mengtao , Xu Ziqiang
Published: October 2020

This article is concerned with event‐triggered bipartite tracking consensus under an asynchronous sampling setting, where the event‐triggering condition for each agent is allowed to be intermittently examined at its own sampling instants. First, a novel distributed protocol based on independent sampling period is presented, with which the bipartite tracking consensus issue can be transformed into the convergence problem of the augmented error system. Then, with the help of tools from graph theory and matrix analysis, a sufficient condition on the bipartite tracking consensus is derived. By appropriately choosing control parameters, it is shown that the bipartite tracking consensus can be achieved under the proposed protocol for the graph that contains a directed tree and the subgraph among followers is structurally balanced. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to verify the theoretical results.