bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Keberlanjutan Perkebunan Kakao Rakyat di Kawasan Perbatasan Pulau Sebatik, Kabupaten Nunukan, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Hidayanto M. , S. Supiandi , Yahya S. , Amien L. I.
Published: February 2017

Pulau Sebatik merupakan salah satu kawasan perbatasan negara antara Indonesia dan Malaysia. Di kawasan perbatasan Pulau Sebatik, tanaman kakao merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan yang telah dibudidayakan sejak tahun 1980-an. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status keberlanjutan perkebunan kakao rakyat di kawasan tersebut. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) yang disebut RAP-SEBATIK (Rapid Appraisal for Cocoa on Sebatik Island) yang hasilnya dinyatakan dalam bentuk indeks dan status keberlanjutan. Analisis Leverage dan Monte Carlo digunakan untuk mengetahui atribut-atribut yang sensitif  terhadap indeks, dan status keberlanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada dimensi ekologi statusnya kurang berkelanjutan (46,23%), dimensi ekonomi kurang berkelanjutan (48,58%), dimensi sosial budaya berkelanjutan (75,20%), dimensi infrastruktur dan teknologi kurang berkelanjutan (36.39%) dan dimensi hukum dan kelembagaan kurang berkelanjutan (40,49%). Dari 53 atribut yang dianalisis, terdapat 17 faktor atau atribut yang sensitif terhadap indeks dan status keberlanjutan, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya perbaikan atau intervensi terhadap atribut-atribut tersebut untuk meningkatkan indeks dan status keberlanjutan.
Penetapan Luas Lahan Optimum Usahatani Padi Sawah Mendukung Kemandirian Pangan Berkelanjutan di Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: M. Nazam , Sabiham S. , Pramudya B. , Widiatmaka Widiatmaka , Rusastra I Wayan
Published: February 2017

ABSTRAK

Mencukupi kebutuhan pangan masih merupakan masalah yang kompleks, sehingga tidak bisa dipecahkan secara parsial. Penetapan luas lahan optimum usahatani padi sawah adalah langkah strategis untuk mencapai kemandirian pangan secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan luas lahan optimum usahatani padi sawah mendukung kemandirian pangan berkelanjutan di NTB. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi analisis indeks dan status keberlanjutan dengan metode Multi-dimensional Scaling, analisis prospektif, analisis kebutuhan hidup layak petani, dan formulasi struktur model dinamik menggunakan Powersim 2.5d yang divalidasi uji MAPE. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai indeks sistem produksi padi sawah di NTB 54,53 persen dengan status cukup berkelanjutan. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh adalah konversi lahan sawah, pertumbuhan penduduk, luas baku sawah, harga gabah, kebijakan pemerintah, luas panen, jaringan irigasi, modal, dan pendapatan petani. Luas lahan minimal untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup layak petani 0,73 ha KK-1 sedangkan luas lahan garapan rata-rata 0,48 ha KK-1. Kontribusi pendapatan usahatani padi sawah terhadap kebutuhan hidup layak sebesar 55,73 persen. Hasil simulasi kinerja skenario menunjukkan bahwa provinsi NTB akan mengalami defisit produksi padi tahun 2017 apabila menjalankan skenario pesimis. Berdasarkan potensi, kendala, dan peluang keberhasilan setiap skenario, dapat disimpulkan bahwa skenario intervensi yang paling rasional adalah skenario moderat dengan luas lahan sawah yang harus dipertahankan untuk mencapai kemandirian pangan tahun 2023 minimal seluas 196.330 ha dari 239.127 ha tahun 2010, pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 persen.
Urea dan TSP di Indonesia dalam Analisis Permintaan Kuantitatif
Authors: Dharmawan Johan
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Pola permintaan pupuk Urea dan TSP didekati dengan model-model ekonometrik yang mencari hubungan antara jumlah konsumsi pupuk Urea dan TSP dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Pengetahuan yang baik mengenai faktor-faktor yang dapat memacu perluasan penggunaan pupuk beserta kendala-kendalanya akan berguna untuk mewujudkan pengembangan pemasaran pupuk yang efisien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa irigasi merupakan faktor yang dominan dalam menerangkan keragaman permintaan pupuk Urea dan juga pupuk TSP. Di samping itu, faktor irigasi merniliki elastisitas permintaan yang tinggi, yang memungkinkannya menjadi peubah (variabel) kebijaksanaan yang efektif. Untuk permintaan pupuk Urea, kontribusi keragaman faktor irigasi tercatat 56.47 persen dengan nilai elastisitas permintaan 63 persen (model 3). Untuk permintaan pupuk TSP, kontribusi faktor irigasi tercatat 39.62 persen dengan nilai elastisitas permintaan 54 persen (model2). Perbaikan dan perluasan areal irigasi akan memungkinkan peningkatan areal intensifikasi Bimas dan lnmas yang nyata mempengaruhi permintaan pupuk Urea dan TSP. Faktor rasio harga pupuk terhadap harga padi, nyata empengaruhi permintaan pupuk Urea dan TSP; demikian pula faktor tingkat pengetahuan teknis petani. Curah hujan musiman tidak nyata mempengaruhi permintaan pupuk Urea maupun pupuk TSP. Penelitian yang bersifat mikro dengan data primer disarankan dilakukan untuk melengkapi gambaran permintaan pupuk Urea dan TSP di Indonesia.
Penerimaan Bagian Pendapatan dari Usahatani Padi di Daerah Irigasi Rentang Indramayu
Authors: Kalo Husni Thamrin
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Studi mengenai pembagian pendapatan penting dalam perumusan kebijaksanaan yang berorientasi pada azas pemerataan. Tujuan studi ini ingin mengetahui penerimaan bagian pendapatan di antara faktor produksi usahatani padi didua petak tersier yang berbeda kondisi irigasinya, di daerah irigasi Rentang kabupaten Indramayu propinsi Jawa Barat. Analisa dilakukan dengan pendekatan accounting dan pendekatan fungsi produksi. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa faktor produksi tanah dan manajemen (operator's residual) memperoleh pendapatan absolut (absolute share) dan pendapatan relatif (relative share) yang lebih besar pada petak tersier yang terjamin irigasinya. Walaupun faktor produksi tenaga kerja menerima pendapatan absolut yang lebih besar dengan semakin baiknya irigasi, namun memperoleh pendapatan relatif yang lebih kecil. Besarnya pendapatan relatif yang diterima oleh setiap faktor produksi ternyata tidak sesuai dengan konstribusinya, yang ditunjukkan oleh elastisitas produksi masing-masing faktor tersebut. Sebagian besar angkatan kerja di sektor pertanian bekerja di sub sektor tanaman pangan terutama pada usaha pertanian padi sawah. Suatu gejala yang kurang menggembirakan pada beberapa tahun terakhir ini terlihat pada sub sektor tanaman pangan yang tidak dapat menyerap pertambahan angkatan kerja secara nyata. Bahkan dengan adanya perbaikan kondisi laban usahatani sawah di Jawa dan perkembangan teknologi yang hemat tenaga dikhawatirkan akan terjadi penurunan penggunaan tenaga kerja manusia. Hal ini akan berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan bagian pendapatan di antara semua kelompok penerima pendapatan yang terlibat dalam proses produksi. Studi ini akan mencoba melihat secara mikro bagaimana perbedaan struktur penerimaan bagian pendapatan yang bersumber dari usahatani sawah, yang dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan kondisi tersedianya air irigasi.
Pendugaan Skala Usaha Usahatani Padi dengan Fungsi Biaya
Authors: Rachmat Muchjidin
Published: February 2017

Ringkasan

Penelitian ini memfocuskan dalam penentuan skala usaha Usahatani Padi dalam jangka panjang, yaitu dengan menggunakan lahan sehingga peubah bebas. Data yang digunakan berasal dari tiga desa contoh Penelitian PATANAS (Panel Petani Nasional). Beberapa rumusan penting yang merupakan implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah: pertama, usahatani dengan luas garapan 0,69 ha masing-masing belum memberikan tingkat keuntungan yang optimal. Skala usaha masih berada dalam "Increasing return to Scale"; kedua, nilai lahan, upah tenaga kerja man usia dan upah tenaga ternak merupakan peubah yang paling berpengaruh terhadap biaya produksi; ketiga, adanya kecenderungan produk marginal pupuk (Urea dan TSP) yang menurun, dan keempat, perlunya pengembangan ternak dan alat mekanis pengolahan tanah (traktor) dalam menunjang peningkatan kebutuhan tenaga pengolah tanah.
Usahatani, Sebagai Lapangan Pekerjaan dan Sumber Pendapatan Rumah Tangga, Studi Kasus Desa Rowosari, Kabupaten Kendal Jawa Tengah
Authors: Nurmanaf A. Rozany
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Tingginya produktifitas tenaga kerja pada kegiatan usahatani, mendorong para pekerja lebih mengutamakan kegiatan pada usahatani, walaupun kesempatan kerja pada kegiatan ini relatif terbatas. Semakin luas garapan usahatani, semakin rendah partisipasi kerja anggota rumah tangga. Produktifitas tenaga kerja dipengaruhi oleh penguasaan atas faktor-faktor produksi modal dan atau keterampilan. Rumah tangga yang tidak menguasai faktor-faktor tersebut hanya mampu mengerjakan jenis-jenis kegiatan dengan produktifitas tenaga kerja yang lebih rendah.
Analisa Finansial Pendirian Pabrik Pengolahan Kopi
Authors: Hadi Prajogo U.
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Mau tidak mau, ekspor. kopi Indonesia harus ditingkatkan karena ia merupakan salah satu komoditi ekspor non-migas penting. Tetapi mutunya masih rendah, sehingga harganya di pasar dunia masih rendah. Membuka kesempatan bagi pengusaha swasta untuk menanamkan modalnya di bidang pengolahan kopi adalah salah satu kemungkinan untuk mengatasi masalah mutu kopi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kelayakan finansial investasi di bidang pengolahan kopi oleh swasta berbentuk Perseroan Terbatas berdasarkan kriteria NPV dan IRR. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa investasi tersebut di daerah kopi Boja, Jawa Tengah adalah  menguntungkan dengan NPV sebesar Rp. 124,9 juta dan IRR 27 ,I OJo dengan umur proyek 10 tahun. Namun proyek ini sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan harga kopi dan tersedianya bahan baku kopi.
Мігрень — вчора, сьогодні, завтра. Сучасний погляд на проблему
Authors: Sanoeva M.J. , Saidvaliyev F.S.
Published: February 2017

Мігрень — значно поширений первинний головний біль, що є відомим і вивчається понад 3000 років. Від неї страждали великі люди, і багато вчених стародавнього світу скрупульозно спостерігали й описували клініку мігрені, а деякі навіть намагалися знайти лікування для полегшення нападів. Починаючи з XII століття багато вчених стали спостерігати різні клінічні прояви перед початком головних болей, які пізніше отримали назву «аура». XVII століття стало періодом ретельного вивчення мігрені. Описані в той час клініка, провокуючі фактори, етіологія розвитку захворювання збереглися до сьогодні. Сучасний підхід до патогенезу, критеріїв діагностики і прояву клінічних симптомів із розвитком ускладнень мігрені в даний час має свою цінність у всіх відношеннях.
Вплив нейротрофічних факторів на популяцію серотонінергічних нейронів n.raphe в умовах культивування
Authors: Vasileva I.G. , Oleksenko N.P. , Chopic N.G. , Tsybko O.I. , Galanta O.S. , Snitsar N.D. , Shuba I.N.
Published: February 2017

Актуальність. Молекулярні механізми спеціалізації серотонінергічних нейронів зі стовбурових і прогеніторних нервових клітин вивчені далеко не повністю. Мета дослідження — визначення найбільш ефективних нейроіндукторів, що підтримують життєздатність та функціональну активність серотонінергічних нейронів та їх детермінованих попередників. Як критерії оцінки були обрані: експресія відповідних генів, загальний вміст серотоніну та чисельність серотонінергічних нейронів, візуалізованих за допомогою гістохімічної реакції. Матеріали та методи. Робота була виконана на суспензійній культурі клітин зони n.raphe з використанням гістохімічних методів, імуноферментного аналізу та полімеразної ланцюгової реакції. Результати. Установлено, що BDNF та NGF стимулюють збільшення чисельності серотонінергічних нейронів у дисоційованій культурі в 1,6 та 2 рази порівняно з контрольними зразками. Додавання в культуральне середовище BDNF та ретиноєвої кислоти призводить до зростання вмісту серотоніну в культуральному матеріалі. Експресія гена Nkx 2.2, що є маркером мітотично-активних попередників серотонінергічних нейронів, підтримується за наявності BDNF і збільшується під впливом EGF та FGFb. Експресія гена Pet1, що свідчить про наявність детермінованих прогеніторів серотонінергічних нейронів, підтримується всіма досліджуваними факторами, за виключенням екзогенного серотоніну. Експресія гена Tph1, маркера початку синтезу серотоніну, спостерігається під впливом FGFb, EGF та NGF. Висновки. Таким чином, наші дані показали, що вищевказані нейроіндуктори впливають на різні фази серотонінгенезу і можуть бути використані для його регуляції.
Рівень імунологічного захисту проти дифтерії населення Дніпропетровської області
Authors: Revenko G.O. , Mavrutenkov V.V. , Shtepa O.P.
Published: February 2017

Актуальність. Дифтерія — інфекційне захворювання, поширеність якого обмежується колективним поствакцинальним імунітетом. У системі епідеміологічного нагляду за дифтерією для об’єктивної оцінки та прогнозування епідемічної ситуації в умовах низької інтенсивності епідемічного процесу даної інфекції серологічний контроль стану імунітету є вирішальним. Мета дослідження: прогнозування епідемічної ситуації щодо ризику спалаху дифтерії в Україні шляхом визначення рівня колективного поствакцинального імунітету проти дифтерії серед населення Дніпропетровської області та оцінка ефективності проведення масової вакцинопрофілактики. Матеріали і методи. Усього у 2015 році було обстежено 483 особи віком від 0 до 78 років (дітей — 234, дорослих — 249 осіб). Оцінка рівня специфічного імунітету проти дифтерії здійснювалась за наступними критеріями: осіб з рівнем антитіл 0,015–0,06 МО/мл слід вважати умовно-захищеними; 0,1–0,5 МО/мл — із середнім рівнем захисту; > 1,0 МО/мл — високоімунними. Захисним титром антитіл необхідно вважати концентрацію не менше ніж 0,1 МО/мл. Результати. Встановлено, що рівень протективного імунітету проти дифтерії становив 69,5 %. Переконливий рівень імунологічного захисту серед дітей — 70,9 %, серед дорослих — 68,3 %. Жодна з вікових груп не мала достатнього порогового рівня антитоксичного імунітету, необхідного для припинення трансмісії збудника дифтерії. Відсоток захищених осіб знижувався зі збільшенням віку людей (як серед дітей, так і серед дорослих осіб). Така ситуація може створювати передумови для спалахів дифтерії у Дніпропетровській області. Висновок. Наведені результати свідчать про важливість підтримки захисних рівнів антитіл завдяки масової імунізації дітей, а також проведення бустерної вакцинації серед підлітків і дорослих осіб, що дозволить виключити категорію сприйнятливого прошарку населення.
Особливості імунної відповіді на інфекцію Helicobacter рylori у дітей із хронічною гастродуоденальною патологією
Authors: Sorokman T.V. , Popelyuk M.-O.V. , Makarova O.V.
Published: February 2017

Актуальність. Імунна відповідь макроорганізму є визначальним чинником клінічного прояву патогенних властивостей Н.pylori. Мета дослідження: вивчити імунологічні особливості Н.pylori-асоційованої гастродуоденальної патології в дітей. Матеріали та методи. Під наглядом перебувало 106 дітей віком від 7 до 18 років, які знаходилися на стаціонарному лікуванні в Чернівецькій обласній клінічній лікарні. Наявність Н.pylori підтверджено гістологічним і серологічним методами. Досліджені показники: CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, В-лімфоцити (CD19+), Т-активні лімфоцити, фагоцитарна активність, рівень циркулюючих імунних комплексів (ЦІК), IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, секреторний IgA. Статистичний аналіз проведено із використанням програм Microsoft Excel-97 та Statgrafics. Результати. Пацієнти розділені на групи відповідно до позитивного (72 особи, 52,8 %) чи негативного (34 особи, 32,1 %) тесту на Н.pylori та характеру ендоскопічних змін слизової оболонки шлунка і дванадцятипалої кишки (ДПК): у 24 дітей діагностовано антральний поверхневий гастрит, у 22 осіб — поширений поверхневий гастрит, у 23 дітей — нодулярний поверхневий гастрит, у 20 — ерозивний гастрит та у 17 осіб — виразку ДПК. Сироваткові антитіла IgG виявляли досить часто як у хворих, так і здорових осіб, антитіла IgA — у дітей із захворюваннями гастродуоденальної зони. У хворих із Н.pylori (+) виявлено зниження вмісту CD3 до 47,9 ± 0,8 %, CD4 — до 38,8 ± 0,6 %. Кількість CD8 у всіх хворих незначно збільшена, а у Н.pylori (+) вірогідно збільшена до 18,5 ± 0,9 % (p < 0,05). Відношення CD4/CD8 вірогідно знижене саме у пацієнтів із Н.pylori (+) — 2,09 ± 0,10, тоді як у дітей групи порівняння — 2,71 ± 0,20 (р < 0,01) та у Н.pylori (–) пацієнтів — 2,38 ± 0,10 (р < 0,05). Показники фагоцитарної здатності та ЦІК у дітей із гастродуоденальною патологією знижені, а рівень IgA підвищений. Найбільш значні зміни показників як гуморальної, так і клітинної ланок імунної системи спостерігалися у хворих на виразку ДПК. Висновки. Хелікобактер­асоційовані захворювання гастродуоденальної ділянки у дітей супроводжуються порушенням протективних механізмів — клітинної, гуморальної та фагоцитарної ланок імунної системи, що є показанням для призначення імунокоригуючої терапії.
Матеріали міжрегіональної науково-практичної конференції з міжнародною участю «Актуальні питання епідеміології інфекційних хвороб і ВІЛ-інфекції» (28 жовтня 2016 року, м Оренбург, Росія)
Authors: Bozhenova I.V. , Samoylov M.I. , Vereshchagin et al N.N.
Published: February 2017

У статті представлені тези Міжрегіональної науково-практичної конференції з міжнародною участю «Актуальні питання епідеміології інфекційних хвороб та ВІЛ-інфекції», яка відбулася 28 жовтня 2016 р.у м. Оренбург (Росія).
KARAKTER PROTEIN ICP11 PADA DNA UDANG VANNAMEI (Penaeus vannamei) YANG TERINFEKSI White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSS V)
Authors: Kilawati Yuni , Darmanto Win
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to support policy of government to lessen import and improve export of non migas presented characteristic of genetic of white prawn mains (Penaeus vannamei) so that this product can be yielded in Indonesia with high quality which do not fail with import product. Special goals wishing to be reached at this research is to analyze the genetic characteristic DNA with Polymorphism Chain Reaction (PCR) and primer ICP11. The background of this research was difference among vannamei prawn DNA characteristic that have infected by viruses. With experimental methods ten healthy post larva of white prawn cultured in aquarium and invected by WSSV virus in 1ml/10 l marine water dossage with three time replication during 7 days in culture. To know these infection, the sample were analyze with specific primer ICP11.
Ambivalent Mobilities in the Pacific
Authors: Halter Nicholas
Published: February 2017

Australian travel writing of the interwar period expanded with the growth of
tourism in the Pacific Islands and the development of publishing and literacy
at home. This article focuses on how the Australian middlebrow imagination
was shaped by the diverse travel accounts of Australian tourists, adventurers,
executives, scientists, officials, and missionaries writing at this time. Many of
their texts borrowed and blended multiple discourses, simultaneously promoting
the islands as educational and exotic, and appealing to an Australian
middlebrow readership. In this article I argue that not only was travel writing
middlebrow in its content and style, but the islands themselves were a particularly
middlebrow setting. This is evident in representations of the islander “savage”
in the region of Melanesia, a prevalent theme in Australian travelogues.
I argue that this middlebrow literature was characterized by ambivalent and
often contradictory ideas about the civilized “self” and the savage “other.”
Life Cycle
Authors: Sur Malini
Published: February 2017

Life Cycle ethnographically and visually documents the everyday use of bicycles
among Kolkata’s city dwellers. Winding through the city’s congested
thoroughfares and narrow by-lanes, we follow daily wageworkers, including
migrants from eastern India, environmentalists, teachers, and activists, who
cycle for a living. In this documentary (forty-two minutes) and the broader
ethnographic project within which it is situated, I investigate how cycling
mediates people’s changing relationships to cities in South Asia. Kolkata (formerly
Calcutta), the largest city in eastern India, is the primary focus of Life
Cycle. This city has 1.68 million cyclists, records 2.5 million cycle trips a day,
has the least amount of road space (6 percent) in metropolitan India, and has
the second highest air pollution level. By 2017, traffic regulations prohibited
cycling on seventy city roads.
Outcomes and effectiveness of posterior occipitocervical fusion for suboccipital spinal metastases
Authors: Luksanapruksa Panya , Buchowski Jacob M. , Wright Neill M. , Valone Frank H. , Peters Colleen , Bumpass David B.
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

The incidence of suboccipital spinal metastases is rare but has increased given cancer patients' longer life expectancies. Operative treatment in this region is often challenging because of limited fixation points due to tumor lysis, as well as adjacent neural and vascular anatomy. Few studies have reported on this population of cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and complications of patients with suboccipital spinal metastases who had undergone posterior occipitocervical fixation.

METHODS

A single-institution database was reviewed to identify patients with suboccipital metastases who had undergone posterior-only instrumented fusion between 1999 and 2014. Clinical presentation, perioperative complications, and postoperative results were analyzed. Pain was assessed using the visual analog scale. Survival analysis was performed using a Kaplan-Meier curve. The revised Tokuhashi and the Tomita scoring systems were used for prognosis prediction.

RESULTS

Fifteen patients were identified, 10 men and 5 women with mean age of 64.8 ± 11.8 years (range 48–80 years). Severe neck pain without neurological deficit was the most common presentation. Primary tumors included lung, breast, bladder, myeloma, melanoma, and renal cell cancers. All tumors occurred in the axis vertebra. Preoperative Tokuhashi and Tomita scores ranged from 5 to 13 and 3 to 7, respectively. All patients had undergone occipitocervical fusion of a mean of 4.6 levels (range 2–7 levels). Median survival was 10.3 months. In all cases, neck pain markedly improved and patients were able to resume activities of daily living. The average postoperative pain score was significantly improved as compared with the average preoperative score (1.90 ± 2.56 and 5.50 ± 2.99, respectively, p = 0.01). Three patients experienced postoperative medical complications including urinary tract infection, deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrhythmia. In the follow-up period, no wound infections or reoperations occurred and no patients experienced spinal cord deficits from tumor recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS

Posterior-only occipitocervical stabilization was highly effective at relieving patients' neck pain. No instrumentation failures were noted, and no neurological complications or tumor progression causing spinal cord deficits was noted in the follow-up period.
Luteolin Inhibits Fibrillary β-Amyloid1–40-Induced Inflammation in a Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model by Suppressing the p38 MAPK-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhang Jun-Xia , Xing Jian-Guo , Wang Lin-Lin , Jiang Hai-Lun , Guo Shui-Long , Liu Rui
Published: February 2017

Amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) exist in several forms and are known as key modulators of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Fibrillary Aβ (fAβ) has been found to disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by triggering and promoting inflammation. In this study, luteolin, a naturally occurring flavonoid that has shown beneficial properties in the central nervous system, was evaluated as a potential agent to preserve barrier function and inhibit inflammatory responses at the BBB that was injured by fAβ1–40. We established an in vitro BBB model by co-culturing human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) and human astrocytes (hAs) under fAβ1–40-damaged conditions and investigated the effect of luteolin by analyzing cellular toxicity, barrier function, cytokine production and inflammation-related intracellular signaling pathways. Our results demonstrated that, in cells injured by fAβ1–40, luteolin increased cell viability of hBMECs and hAs. The cytoprotection of the co-culture against the damage induced by fAβ1–40 was also increased at both the apical and basolateral sides. Luteolin protected the barrier function by preserving transendothelial electrical resistance and relieving aggravated permeability in the human BBB model after being exposed to fAβ1–40. Moreover, in both the apical and basolateral sides of the co-culture, luteolin reduced fAβ1–40-induced inflammatory mediator and cytokine production, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8), however it did not show sufficient effects on scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hBMECs and hAs. The mechanism of BBB protection against fAβ1–40-induced injury may be related to the regulation of inflammatory signal transduction, which involves inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, downregulation of phosphorylated inhibitory κB kinase (phosphor-IKK) levels, relief of inhibitory κB α (IκBα) degradation, blockage of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation, and reduction of the release of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the employment of p38 MAPK and NF-κB inhibitors reversed luteolin-mediated barrier function and cytokine release. Taken together, luteolin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for BBB protection by inhibiting inflammation following fAβ1–40-induced injury.
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) and the Glutathione Peroxidase System; a Link between One-Carbon Metabolism and Antioxidation
Authors: Dalto Danyel , Matte Jean-Jacques
Published: February 2017

Vitamin B6 (B6) has a central role in the metabolism of amino acids, which includes important interactions with endogenous redox reactions through its effects on the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) system. In fact, B6-dependent enzymes catalyse most reactions of the transsulfuration pathway, driving homocysteine to cysteine and further into GPX proteins. Considering that mammals metabolize sulfur- and seleno-amino acids similarly, B6 plays an important role in the fate of sulfur-homocysteine and its seleno counterpart between transsulfuration and one-carbon metabolism, especially under oxidative stress conditions. This is particularly important in reproduction because ovarian metabolism may generate an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the peri-estrus period, which may impair ovulatory functions and early embryo development. Later in gestation, placentation raises embryo oxygen tension and may induce a higher expression of ROS markers and eventually embryo losses. Interestingly, the metabolic accumulation of ROS up-regulates the flow of one-carbon units to transsulfuration and down-regulates remethylation. However, in embryos, the transsulfuration pathway is not functional, making the understanding of the interplay between these two pathways particularly crucial. In this review, the importance of the maternal metabolic status of B6 for the flow of one-carbon units towards both maternal and embryonic GPX systems is discussed. Additionally, B6 effects on GPX activity and gene expression in dams, as well as embryo development, are presented in a pig model under different oxidative stress conditions.
Generating and reporting peak and cluster tables for voxel-wise inference in FSL
Authors: Maumet Camille , Nichols Thomas
Published: February 2017

Mass universities analyses, in which a statistical test is performed at each voxel in the brain, is the most widespread approach to analyzing task-evoked functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data. Such analyses identify the brain areas that are significantly activated in response to a given stimulus. In the literature, the significant areas are usually summarised by providing a table, listing, for each significant region, the 3D positions of the local maxima along with corresponding statistical values. This tabular output is provided by all the major as dsa dneuroimaging software packages including SPM, FSL and AFNI. Yet, in the HTML report generated by FSL, peak and cluster tables are only provided for one type of inference (cluster-wise inference) but not when a voxel-wise threshold is specified. In this project, we proposed an update for FSL to generate and report peak and cluster tables for voxel-wise inferences.
3D Models in Cultural Heritage
Authors: Agosto Eros , Bornaz Leandro
Published: February 2017

Metric surveys are a key component in Cultural Heritage. Metric surveys are in fact a basic input for a wide range of activities, from documentation to study, from restoration to valorization, that rely on the current condition of the monument. In recent years, laser scanning and, more recently, digital photogrammetry offered new perspectives, widening the perspectives of 3D Cultural Heritage recording. Digital technologies provide new ways to collaborate, record excavations, and restore artifacts, and in such a way they are transforming the way Cultural Heritage practitioners (researchers, archaeologists, curators) work. This paper attempts to review the methods for 3D digitization that are today available and discuss the possible use of 3D models beyond the pure extraction of reliable and accurate measures.
Retrieving Structured Information from (Semi-)/(Un-)Structured Cultural Object Documentation
Authors: Markantonatou Stella , Minos Panagiotis , Pavlidis George
Published: February 2017

In the course of developing facilities for integrating cultural heritage in the everyday education practice, highly structured information was retrieved from both the structured and the unstructured Europeana documentation contributed by the Greek cultural institutions (~480K entries); Modern Greek is the working language. Satisfactory results were obtained by using in-house developed medium sized Getty/AAT compatible vocabularies and simple heuristics. The paper reports on the development of controlled vocabularies and the retrieval of structured information from the unstructured Europeana documentation. Retrieval results show the importance of controlled vocabularies and thesauri as regards the exploitation of digital library content.
One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of (NH4)2V4O9 Thin Films Composed of Stacked Single-Crystal Nanosheets
Authors: Yang Xue Mei , Zhou Xiao Yu , Liu Zhong Ping , Ji Lan Xiang , Deng Jian Guo
Published: February 2017

(NH4)2V4O9 thin films composed of vertically aligned single-crystal nanosheets were directly fabricated on quartz glass by a one-step hydrothermal method. In order to study the formation mechanism and to explore the potential applications of the thin films, process experiments were carried out and the band gap was analyzed. An oriented-attachment exfoliation–recrystallization–crystal growth mechanism was proposed for the formation of the (NH4)2V4O9 thin films. In addition, the band gap varied from 2.13 to 2.87 eV with variations in the thickness from 40.21 to 78.64 μm. The move of the band gap main due to the decreasing bond lengths and defect densities with increasing reaction time and which is significant for practical applications.
Tribological Behaviour of PA6,6+15%GF and ABS Made by Injection
Authors: Kubátová Dana , Melichar Martin , Pereira Alejandro
Published: February 2017

The main objective of this work was to study the influence of the injection moulding process on the tribological behaviour of ABS polymers and nylon PA6.6+15% of glass fibres. The article also describes the structure of wear maps. Its topic is the preservation of the initial surface roughness at the bottom of the track in tribotesting. Testing and measurement methodologies and data processing techniques are described. ABS and PA6.6+15%GF are polymers. Their specifications state that they are both thermoplastics with very similar characteristics. Tribotesting was employed to find whether or not this is the case. The pin-on-disc method was used to obtain the data. As a summary of the experiment was created wear map that describes the behavior of the material with various input test conditions. During subsequent analysis of this map were discovered not correlating areas that were undergone to further investigation. During this investigation an unknown inclusions in the structure were revealed which are now subjected to further investigation.
Engineering Kinematics of Dairy and Fermented Milk Products Plant
Authors: Iskakov Zharilkassin , Jamalov Nutpulla
Published: February 2017

In this study is proposed to use the fourth class mechanism as an actuator for dairy and fermented milk products plant. Kinematic analysis of the proposed the fourth class mechanism at different configurations relative to rack and the second class mechanism with similar functionality was carried out. Principles of change of analogues of velocity and acceleration of kinematic couples of both mechanisms for an entire work cycle were defined. Comparative analysis of end results was performed. Results of the analysis indicated that the fourth class mechanism allows a considerably better pressure angle. This in return improves dynamic characteristics of the mechanism at similar functionality compared to the second class mechanism. Whereby changing the ratio of the length of couplers in the proposed fourth class mechanism will enable to achieve the desired pressure angle. Link lengths are expressed in dimensionless values easily convertible into metric dimensions. The results of study may be used successfully in designing new vibration machinery with fourth and second class linkage mechanisms used in various branches of industry.
Modeling and Experiment of a Novel Micro Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Zhu Yi Ming , Luo Zi Rong , Lu Zhong Yue , Shang Jian Zhong
Published: February 2017

This paper proposed a novel micro wave energy converter which can convert irregular wave energy into rotating mechanical energy, then into electrical energy. The device consists of an energy absorption part and an energy conversion part. In details, the blades are installed on the absorber circumferentially and averagely, which are capable of converting the vertical motion of the surface body to continuous rotation of the absorber and leading to a great increase in efficiency. A physical prototype was built to test the performance of the novel generator and optimize the design parameters. In the experiment part, a linear motion electric cylinder was used as the drive power to provide the heaving motion for the device. And the experiment platform was built for modeling a marine environment. Also, a data acquisition program was edited in Labview. Thus, the experiment analyzed the influence of amplitude, frequency, blade angle and resistance value to the output power, and then obtained the optimum parameters combination which can maximize the value of the output power. The result will provide reference for the device’s further application.
Study on Vibration Characteristics of High-Speed Rotating Constrained Blades Based on Spin Softening
Authors: Zhao Hui Ying , Men Xiu Hua
Published: February 2017

Based on the theories of rotor dynamics, a dynamic model of rotating blade was built. Taking account of the effect of spin softening, the research on vibration characteristics of high-speed rotating blades was carried out under different speeds. The results had shown that frequency of blade vibration increased with rising rotating velocity, whilst the frequency of all orders declined with the influence of spin softening. Meanwhile, the change of each mode shape of blade was not very large at different speed. The conclusion derived from this paper had both theoretical and empirical value on retrofitting, optimal-designing, as well as engineering application for high-speed rotating blades.
Effects of Micropores on Processing and Properties of Porous Irons
Authors: Su Ming Zhou , Wang Hui Meng , Chen Chang
Published: February 2017

Porous irons with only micropores were produced through powder metallurgy route. Corn starch of small particle size (5-15μm) was utilized to regulate the densification of green compacts. The structural and mechanical properties of porous irons sintered at different temperatures were evaluated. The porosities increased with increasing the starch content, which reduced compressive strength and increased volumetric shrinkage. The compressive yield stress increased with increasing sintering temperature. It was also found that the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and compressive properties was more obvious when green compacts were less densified. Moreover, volumetric shrinkage of porous irons without adding starch remains in a quite low level for different sintering temperatures.
Analysis for Electrical Performance of Antenna Considering Gravity Deformation Based on Different Band and Elevation Angle
Authors: Hu Kai Yu , Wang Kai , Wu Pei Zhang , Jiang Yi
Published: February 2017

Abstract.In order to ensure higher accuracy and better electrical performance of large antennas in future,this paper does some research for deformation of antenna’s reflector:modeling for 25m antenna and reappearing deformation when elevation changes every 15° just considering gravity by using ANSYS.Using results of simulation obtains deformation error curves with elevation changes, creates the conditions for compensating distortion and has a certain value. By using Ruze formula, deeply studies the regular about antenna’s electrical performance influenced by deformation because of elevation changes,obtains meaningful data and tables of relationship between elevation and parameters of electrical performance in nine bands of 25m antenna.It finds out that when working in high-frequency band, efficiency and gain loss of antenna will be more affected by elevation angle changes.Finally creates conditions for optimizing antenna parameters and performing high reliability tasks such as deep space exploration and aerospace communication.
Long-Term Health Monitoring of Structures under Variable Loading
Authors: Chmelko Vladimír , Margetin Matúš
Published: February 2017

In this paper, there are presented theoretical fundamentals of a real-time health monitoring for a pipeline system. The calculation of the total stress is based on measuring of the real loadings in the form of time-varying strains in critical places of a pipeline system in its real operation. Presented unique deployment of the strain sensors allows to decompose the individual components of loading in cross-section including its vector´s characteristics. The presented monitoring system pursuing the dangerous operational states like an overloading, dangerous vibrations and the fatigue damage accumulation. Monitoring system provides the information about real state of the structure in-time and directly to an operator of service.
Analysis of Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk of Mass Movements in Talus Located - Natal/RN - Brazil
Authors: Bezerra Laddyla T.V. , Freitas Neto Osvaldo , Santos Jr. Olavo
Published: February 2017

Despite being natural processes of the Earth’s surface dynamics, mass movements can be accelerated or sparked by human interference. Human activities such as developments in highly susceptible mass movements areas have been the main cause of accidents linked to landslides in Brazilian urban hillsides. In Natal - RN, the existence of areas with high declivity combined with inappropriate human occupation has been making the city vulnerable to stability problems of slopes. In this context, this work aimed to map the risk and analyze situations of hazard, vulnerability, and risk of incidence of mass movements present in São José do Jacó community, in Rocas neighborhood, Natal/RN. In order to map the risk, the methodology proposed by [1] was applied and adjusted to the characteristics of the study area. The mapping results showed that São José do Jacó presented a high degree of risk, ranging from high to very high. The analysis of hazard, vulnerability and risk has made possible to observe the factors that triggers mass movements in the area, among which: steep slopes, disordered cut slopes, dense occupation, inefficient drainage system, septic tanks and cesspools on the edge or in the middle of the talus and low/medium vegetation cover can be identified. The detailed research of the hazard, vulnerability and risk situations found in São José do Jacó community has enabled a better understanding of the area’s aspects, which lead to the obtention of high degree of risk.
Development of CAD Model Annotation System Based on Design Intent
Authors: Ma Qin Yi , Song Li Hua , Xie Da Peng , Zhou Mao Jun
Published: February 2017

Most of the product design on the market is variant design or adaptive design, which need to reuse existing product design knowledge. A key aspect of reusing existing CAD model is correctly define and understand the design intents behind of existing CAD model, and this paper introduces a CAD model annotation system based on design intent. Design intents contained all design information of entire life cycle from modeling, analysis to manufacturing are marked onto the CAD model using PMI module in UG to improve the readability of the CAD model. Second, given the problems such as management difficulties, no filter and retrieval functions, this paper proposes an annotation manager system based on UG redevelopment by filtration, retrieval, grouping and other functions to reduce clutter on the 3D annotations and be convenient for users to view needed all kinds of annotations. Finally, design information is represented both internally within the 3D model and externally on a XML file.
Calvin and the spiritual trends of his time: the uniqueness of the sixteenth-century protestant Reformation
Authors: Van der Walt B.J.
Published: February 2017

This article is of an exploratory nature, and it will try to answer the difficult question as to who Calvin really was – a man born 500 years ago who disliked self-disclosure. The main question to be investigated is which spiritual trends influenced Calvin’s thinking. To arrive at an answer to this important question in Calvin research, the following steps will be taken. Firstly, a few misconceptions about who Calvin was will be argued. Secondly, attention is asked for the problems encountered in this kind of research. Thirdly, an overview of the different spiritual currents forming the backdrop of the sixteenth-century Reformation will be given. This will inter alia reveal the unique character of Calvin’s own reformational endeavours. The last (fourth) section will summarise the results regarding the complex and decisive times in which Calvin lived and worked, and also indicate the uniqueness of the reformational endeavour of the sixteenth century.
Calvin and human dignity
Authors: Vorster J.M.
Published: February 2017

Human dignity has become a major moral directive in the contemporary ethical reflection on human rights and bio-ethics. This article examines the theological foundations laid by the reformer Calvin regarding the inherent dignity of people, and his influence on post-World War ethical reflection about the violations of human rights. In this article his views on the “imago dei” and common grace, the “lex naturae” and the obligations of the civil authority are investigated in order to illuminate his ideas about the dignity of human beings. The article then deals with the influence of these ideas in the influential works of the twentieth century’s reformed theologians Barth, Berkhouwer and Moltmann.
Chemical processes related to net ozone tendencies in the free
troposphere
Authors: Bozem Heiko , Butler Tim M. , Lawrence Mark G. , Harder Hartwig , Martinez Monica , Kubistin Dagmar , Lelieveld Jos , Fischer Horst
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Ozone (O3) is an important atmospheric oxidant, a greenhouse gas, and a hazard to human health and agriculture. Here we describe airborne in-situ measurements and model simulations of O3 and its precursors during tropical and extratropical field campaigns over South America and Europe, respectively. Using the measurements, net ozone formation/destruction tendencies are calculated and compared to 3D chemistry-transport model simulations. In general, observation-based net ozone tendencies are positive in the continental boundary layer and the upper troposphere at altitudes above ~ 6 km in both environments. On the other hand, in the marine boundary layer and the middle troposphere, from the top of the boundary layer to about 6–8 km altitude, net O3 destruction prevails. The ozone tendencies are controlled by ambient concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx). In regions with net ozone destruction the available NOx is below the threshold value at which production and destruction of O3 balance. While threshold NO values increase with altitude, in the upper troposphere NOx concentrations are generally higher, probably due to the integral effect of convective precursor transport from the boundary layer and NOx produced by lightning. Two case studies indicate that in fresh convective outflow of electrified thunderstorms net ozone production is enhanced by a factor 5–6 compared to the undisturbed upper tropospheric background. The chemistry-transport model MATCH-MPIC generally reproduces the pattern of observation-based net ozone tendencies, but mostly underestimates the magnitude of the net tendency (for both net ozone production and destruction).
Slope–Velocity–Equilibrium and evolution of surface roughness on a stony hillslope
Authors: Nearing Mark A. , Polyakov Viktor O. , Nichols Mary H. , Hernandez Mariano , Li Li , Zhao Ying , Armendariz Gerardo
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Slope–velocity–equilibrium is hypothesized as a state that evolves naturally over time due to the interaction between overland flow and surface morphology, wherein steeper areas develop a relative increase in physical and hydraulic roughness such that flow velocity is a unique function of overland flow rate independent of slope gradient. This study tests this hypothesis under controlled conditions. Artificial rainfall was applied to 2 m by 6 m plots at 5 %, 12 %, and 20 % slope gradients. A series of simulations were made for each treatment with measurements of runoff rate, velocity, rock cover, and surface roughness. Velocities measured at the end of each experiment were a unique function of discharge rates, independent of slope gradient or rainfall intensity. Physical surface roughness was greater at steeper slopes. The data clearly showed that there was not a unique hydraulic coefficient for a given slope, surface condition, or rainfall rate, with hydraulic roughness greater at steeper slopes and lower intensities. This study supports the hypothesis of slope–velocity–equilibrium, implying that use of hydraulic equations, such as Chezy and Manning, in hillslope scale runoff models is problematic because the coefficients vary with both slope and rainfall intensity.
Pain as Yardstick: Jean Améry
Authors: Ferber Ilit
Published: February 2017

One of the best known and most widely accepted premises regarding the experience of pain and suffering is its singular, private nature. Pain’s violence isolates us from everything else, embedding us completely within our own suffering so that there is nothing else but pain: no world or objects, no relationship with other people, no past or anticipation of the future. An utter withdrawal. But pain’s isolating force is dual: it affects not only those who suffer, but also those who are not in pain. Thus, it is precisely in pain – the exemplary state in which we need others with us to offer their help and sympathy – that we find ourselves in solitude; and it is precisely in the state of pain that we leave others to suffer alone.