bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Differences Between Wars in Ancient China and Ancient Greece--The Analysis Based on The Book of Songs and Ancient Greek Mythology
Authors: Chen Sibei
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to analyze the different views of war in ancient China and ancient Greece, based on The Book of Songs and Ancient Greek Mythology. The comparisons are divided into three parts: the distinction of background, views in The Book of Songs, and attitudes towards war in Ancient Greek Mythology, and finally conclusion will be drawn. In the first part, the geography factors will be given, and then the analyses of lifestyles, personalities and beliefs that are influenced or shaped by the natural environment follow, also including the comparisons. The second part is on the views of war in The Book of Songs where four typical examples are given which represent four genres that indicate four different attitudes towards war in ancient China, also with analyses. Part three is based on Ancient Greek Mythology, the Trojan War especially, which fully exemplifies the western view of war. The analyses of the culture of offensive war and individual heroism follow. Finally, in the last part, some suggestions for nowadays diplomacy will be given based on the analyses and comparisons above. Also, the culture of defensive war and patriotism, as the two most distinct and significant beliefs, are worth highlighting separately, for they still deeply affect nowadays Chinese.
Feminist and Non-Feminist Elements in The Devil Wears Prada and Their Reflections in Contemporary Society
Authors: Li Jiaen
Published: April 2024

Although women are less represented and objectified in the film industry, in recent years, more women entered the film industry and are bringing in narratives from the female perspective. Under this social context, The Devil Wears Prada, a film based on the novel of the same name, premiered. This paper analyzes the feminist and non-feminist themes in the film. After analysis of the script, cinematography, and story plot, this research discovers that the film reflects on feminist themes the fashion industry as a non-patriarchal industry, less gendered use of language, and fashion as empowerment - and efficiently reveals societal expectations of women to maintain a balance between life and career. However, the film also imposes stereotypes and objectification towards women, as demonstrated in the fashion industrys strict rules for body image and gazes from male characters to Andrea. The issues identified in this film, such as strict body image for women, still exist in contemporary society, and more research can be done to try to address this problem.
Optimizing the Implementation of Carbon Tax in Reducing the Impact of Environmental Pollution
Authors: Yusoff Yusri Hazrol , Nadilah Intan , Khoirul Anwar Muhammad , Yustiansyah Raihan Adnan , Utama Raihan Herwin , Dahlan Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Carbon taxes are one of the climate control tools that help achieve sustainable economic growth. It is a market-based instrument that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by making it more expensive to emit carbon dioxide. The Indonesian government has shown its seriousness in reducing global warming by establishing carbon tax regulations, including a provision in Law No. 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations. Despite implementing carbon taxes in several countries, their implementation must be reconsidered to ensure the objective is achieved. Therefore, this research aims to optimize the implementation of a carbon tax to reduce the impact of environmental pollution. This paper will investigate whether or not the carbon tax has already reduced emissions or if it is not affected at all. Three factors could cause carbon emissions: Coal, vehicle, and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, conducting an expectation study encompassing these policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers can gain insights into the potential outcomes and impacts of optimizing the implementation of a carbon tax in reducing environmental pollution. It can inform decision-making processes and help guide the designing and refining adequate and equitable environmental policies.
Developing educational leaders in California: The 21st Century California School Leadership Academy
Authors: Fitz Julie , Levin Stephanie , Wechsler Marjorie E.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to understand how 21CSLA is meeting the professional learning needs of educational leaders, how the academy fits within the broader state infrastructure for supporting educational improvement, and how state agencies can enable 21CSLA to contribute to an effective educational leader workforce. The study is based on a review of internal and external evaluation results; materials posted on California Department of Education (CDE), 21CSLA State Center, and regional academy websites; and interviews with regional academy leaders, State Center leaders, and internal and external program evaluators.
Thyroid and Lipid Profile Dysfunction among Obese versus Non-Obese Individuals Study Design
Authors: Rizwan Rizwan , Zafar Adeel , Bashir Sibgha , Abideen Zen-Ul , Ejaz Maryam , Zahid Natasha , Haque Mazhar Ul
Published: April 2024

Obesity, a complex disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, manifests through intricate interactions. Objective: To assess thyroid function tests and serum lipid profiles in obese and non-obese individuals. Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted over six months from July to December 2023 at the medical outpatient department of Shahida Islam Medical College, after obtaining ethical approval (IRB Ref no. SIMC/H.R./7314/23, dated May 1, 2023). A sample size of 200 was calculated, divided equally into obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²) and non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m²) groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, employing chi-square tests for significance (p < 0.05). Results: Each group comprised 100 participants, with mean ages of 42.49 ± 9.0 years for the obese and 43.83 ± 6.2 years for the non-obese group. Females constituted 62% of the obese and 51% of the non-obese group. Mean BMI was 35.8 kg/m² and 26.6 kg/m² in the obese and non-obese groups, respectively. Obese individuals exhibited higher mean total cholesterol (173 ± 40.77 mg/dl vs. 134 ± 29.62 mg/dl, p = 0.05) and significant differences in HDL, LDL, triglycerides, TSH, T3, and T4 levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Obesity is associated with adverse thyroid and lipid profiles, with a higher prevalence among females. These findings underscore the importance of addressing these metabolic factors in obesity management.
Hubungan Motivasi Kompensasi Dengan Kinerja Perawat Di RSUD Leuwiliang Tahun 2021
Authors: Rahayu Siti
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The performance of nurses is an outcome that has been done in order to achieve organizational goals including the performance of each individual and working group that is implemented legally, not unlawfully, and in accordance with the morals and responsibilities imposed on him. This study aims to find out the relationship of compensation motivation to the performance of Leuwiliang Hospital nurses in 2021.
Methods: The research used is correlation analysis with cross-sectional approaches and data analysis using chi-square. The population in the study was 248 nurses. The samples were taken with a simple random sampling technique on 150 non-ASN nurses. The instrument used is a questionnaire.
 Results: Of the 112 nurses who lacked motivation, there were 111 (74.0%) who had poor performance. Of the 38 nurses with good motivation, 8 (5.3%) had a good performance. Of the 141 nurses whose compensation was less, 136 (90.7%) had poor performance. Of the 9 nurses with good compensation, 4 (2.7%) had a good performance. The results of the analysis of the relationship between motivation and nurse performance obtained an OR value of 29.600 with a p-value = 0.000 (a = 0.05), then there is a relationship between motivation to nurse performance. From the results of the analysis of the relationship between compensation and nurse performance, the OR value is 21.760 with p-value = 0.001, so there is a relationship between compensation and nurse performance.
Discussion: Perceptions of Compensation Motivation have a close relationship with Nurse Performance
Hubungan Kecemasan Pasien Diabetes Melitus Terpapar COVID-19 Dengan Kunjungan Ke Poli Penyakit Dalam
Authors: PUSPITA PIPIT
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The condition of the current COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on everyone's mental health including the anxiety of Diabetic Mellitus patients in making visits to the Internal Medicine Poly for fear of exposure to covid-19 which can worsen the disease.
 Purpose: To find out the anxiety relationship of Diabetic Mellitus patients exposed to COVID-19 with a visit to the Internal Medicine Poly.
 Method: The research used is a descriptive correlation with cross-sectional approaches. The population in this study was 130 people. The samples were taken with a simple random sampling technique in 57 patients with diabetes mellitus. The data was taken using questionnaires.
 Result: Data analysis uses univariate and bivariate data using the Chi-Square test. The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between the anxiety of Diabetic Mellitus patients exposed to COVID-19 with visits to the Internal Medicine Poly (p-value = 0.001).
 Conclusion: There is a relationship between the anxiety of Diabetic Mellitus patients exposed to COVID-19 and visits to the Internal Medicine Poly. Of the 57 patients with Diabetes Mellitus, there were 41 respondents who were severely anxious, of which 33 (57.9%) respondents did not want to visit the internal medicine poly. In the future, it is expected that the hospital can improve the understanding of diabetes mellitus patients to make a repeat visit to the Internal Medicine Poly by complying with health protocols so as not to be exposed to COVID-19.
Beban Kerja Yang Tinggi Dapat Menurunkan Kinerja Perawat Di Unit Rawat Inap RSUD Leuwiliang Tahun 2021
Authors: Fauziah Herni Sari
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The performance of a nurse can be seen from the quality of health services provided to patients. To improve the quality of health services the workload is a factor that must be considered in order to obtain high work productivity.
Methods: This study used a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional method with a population and sample of all nurses serving in the Leuwiliang Hospital inpatient room with a total of 82 nurses with a total sampling technique using a workload questionnaire and a nurse performance questionnaire. The bivariate analysis used is the chi-square test.
Results: In the results of this study there is a relationship between workload on nurse performance with a p-value of 0,001 and an OR of 0,049.
Discussion: The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between workload and the performance of nurses in the inpatient unit of Leuwiliang Hospital in 2021.
Workers’ Skills and (Green) Technology Adoption
Authors:   , Tyros Stefanos
Published: April 2024

This thesis is a theoretical and empirical investigation of the interaction between workers’ skills, labour market frictions, and technological adoption. The main focus is the green transition, automation, and their interaction. As economies are scrambling to decarbonise, it is crucial to understand how labour market imperfections and worker skill heterogeneity influence the adoption of green technologies but also how this adoption can influence the workers themselves.

To this end, we build a theoretical framework of how labour markets and technological transformations interact. Applying it to the green transition, we find that labour market frictions and skill heterogeneity have a first order effect on the distance of the economy from the technological green frontier, resulting in higher emissions. Moreover, we find that accelerating decarbonisation will lead to a higher level of labour market transitions, which is known to reduce the acceptability of climate policies even if the aggregate effect on jobs may be net positive.

Next we empirically investigate whether various advanced economies’ workforces have the skills required to take up green jobs. We find significant cross-country variation in their green skills supply. While in line with past literature, we find that workers in brown jobs do have on average the skills necessary to transition to green jobs when theirs are lost due to decarbonisation, we reveal that a sizeable share of these workers may still struggle to do so. This issue is even more pronounced for workers in automatable jobs who, mostly, do not have the necessary skills that would allow them to be reinstated in new, green jobs. Our work highlights the crucial role of reskilling, which has the potential to both accelerate the green transition as well as reduce its cost to workers.

Finally, we study the role of labour markets on the level of specialization firms choose to invest in and find a positive relationship with lower labour market frictions. This indicates that larger cities have an advantage in adopting more specialised, and thus productive, tech- nologies. This could play an important role in the green transition if green technologies start becoming more specialized, leading to spatial segregation of good green jobs.
Heated tobacco products: Potentials of harm reduction, improvement of indoor air quality and the need for further studies
Authors: Camance Aldwin
Published: April 2024

Air pollution is a major concern in the Philippines, with indoor and outdoor air pollution among the highest causes of mortality in the country. However, the latest regulations deal only with ambient outdoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution is seldom monitored or studied. Most of the official government monitoring data also deal with outdoor air pollution even if Filipinos spend more than 80% of their time indoors. Smoking indoors can be a cause of excess air pollutants in the indoor setting. Heated Tobacco products, newly introduced in the country, have been reported to reduce the harm of exposure to users to air pollutants. We investigated this through the review of 282 studies, research papers, books, and narratives about HTP use and their effects. These studies show reduced release of harmful and potentially harmful compounds (HPHC) in the aerosol and lower concentrations of HPHCs in the indoor environment when using HTPs as compared to tobacco smoke. Short term pre-clinical studies also show a reduction in the biomarkers for potential exposure to these HPHCs and risk calculations have shown a reduction in cancer potencies across populations. While long-term epidemiological studies are still required to determine with finality the risks that HTP use may have, there is already wide agreement in the initial results that the complete switch to HTP use from cigarette smoking presents less risks of harm. The review, however, shows that much has to be studied about the manner by which HTPs can affect indoor air quality in tropical countries such as the Philippines.
Intradialytic massage for leg cramps among hemodialysis patients: A single-center, randomized crossover trial
Authors: Ramos-Daguman Krizia Mari Anne , Conde Ed Jico , Go Henry Angelo , Viscayno Vince Bryan , Lim Dungca Monalisa , Lim Marissa Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Background: Leg cramps are commonly experienced by hemodialysis patients, and its persistence may lead to treatment noncompliance. Limited studies are available examining the efficacy of intradialytic massage on reducing leg cramps. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of intradialytic leg massage on reducing leg cramps among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at the East Avenue Medical Center. Methodology: This is a single-center, randomized crossover trial. A total of 44 adult patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into two groups—Group A (intradialytic massage followed by control) and Group B (control followed by intradialytic massage). Each patient underwent the first assigned intervention for 2 weeks, followed by a washout period of 4 weeks, then the second intervention was performed for another 2 weeks. The primary outcomes were the change in frequency, duration, and intensity of cramps. The secondary outcome was patient quality of life. Results: A higher proportion of patients during the intervention period did not experience cramps post-intervention than during the control period; however, the results were not statistically significant (p=0.2059). The median change in frequency, duration, and intensity of leg cramps did not significantly differ between intervention and control (p>0.05). Moreover, quality of life measures were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Intradialytic massage alone is not efficacious in reducing leg cramp frequency, duration, and intensity. Moreover, intradialytic massage failed to improve the quality of life of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Underlying factors that lead to leg cramps should be addressed through comprehensive and individualized interventions.
Article: Arbitragem, Empresas e Direitos Humanos: uma Análise das Cláusulas Modelo e das Regras da Haia
Authors: BORGES TAVEIRA LUÍS FELIPE , Frangi Bassani Isabella , Sousa Degrande Pedro Alexandre Ferreira
Published: April 2024

Global value chains are characterized by the fragmentation of the production process and, in most cases, involve different companies with a presence in more than one country. This ends up increasing legal problems at a supranational level, especially with regard to human rights violations. In this fragmented legal context, arbitration emerges as an alternative to traditional state modes of conflict resolution. Based on the study of two emblematic cases of human rights violations in global value chains – the Rana Plaza disaster and the Kiobel v. Shell case – as well as bibliographical and documentary research, this article intended to investigate whether arbitration is an appropriate method for the resolution of conflicts of this nature, capable of ensuring the protection of victims’ rights in the face of business interests. It is concluded that both at a material level – through initiatives created by multilateral organizations – and at a procedural level – based on adaptations made by the Hague Rules – there is a normative framework concerned with the effectiveness and balance in the prevention and repair of conflicts involving companies and rights human rights, which increases the number of tools available to victims to seek redress for violations of their rights.

International law; human rights; arbitration; Rana Plaza; Kiobel v. Shell.
Article: Anti-Avoidance Jurisprudence in Direct Taxation: The CJEU Between Politics and Certainty
Authors: Traut Nicolas , Resende Gustavo Weiss de
Published: April 2024

Over a span of several years, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) developed a framework for anti-abuse in the context of European law and particularly established criteria for justifying restrictions on the fundamental freedoms in the tax context. In tax cases on anti-avoidance that are more recent, however, the court has demonstrated a notable change in its stance towards this issue that represents a disruption in the consistent development of its jurisprudence on abuse. While the court covers the contradictions in its case law by passing an impression of continuity between disparate decisions, it is remarkable how recent rulings draw from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) language. This reliance on concepts from a non-EU institution, however, leads to legitimacy concerns. The increasing importance of international organizations and public opinion – for example, in reaction to the Panama Papers – in shaping the international tax landscape is undeniable. While high-profile projects like Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) and Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) highlight international tax issues, they also exert political pressure on judicial bodies such as the CJEU which leads to less methodological decisions that will align the court with political interests. In this context, the CJEU’s acting as a political player at the borderline of its competences is to be viewed critically, especially regarding the recent shift in its case law on abuse and tax avoidance that leads to concerns over legal certainty.

Anti-abuse principle, anti-avoidance jurisprudence, CJEU, international organizations, international taxation, legal certainty, legitimacy, political influence
Article: Throughput Legitimacy of the Peer Review Process of the Four Beps Minimum Standards: A Case Study
Authors: Valderrama Irma Mosquera
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on the Base Erosion Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project and more specifically on the peer review of the four BEPS minimum standards. The first part of this contribution introduces the analysis of this process in the context of a case study of seven countries participating in the BEPS Inclusive Framework: Cameroon, Congo, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Peru, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam. Thereafter, this article will provide the analysis of the peer review process by using the concept of throughput legitimacy developed by Schmidt (in other areas than tax law) that includes accountability, transparency, inclusiveness and openness. Its use can contribute to enhancing the governance of the peer review process and increasing legitimacy at the same time and thereby strengthening countries’ compliance with the four BEPS minimum standards. Its use can also facilitate helping countries that are part of the BEPS Inclusive Framework to build trust in the peer review process. In light of the findings of the case study, this article concludes that there are throughput legitimacy deficits and that these should be addressed by the OECD and countries participating in the BEPS Inclusive Framework. This article’s preliminary findings can be used for further research by the OECD, regional organizations, scholars, civil society, and think tanks to improve countries’ compliance with the four BEPS minimum standards.

Beps, Peer Review Process, OECD, International Taxation, Legitimacy, Throughput Legitimacy, Inclusive Framework, Developing Countries
Empirical Research: Influence of domestic constituencies in the implementation of international tax standards and legitimacy of global tax governance
Authors: González Juliana Cubillos , Heitmüller Frederik
Published: April 2024

The intensification of global governance activities in the area of international taxation has raised the question of the democratic legitimacy of the process since decisions in multilateral institutions are typically made by members of the executive alone and predominantly those from developed countries. There are opportunities to influence discussions at the global level for non-state actors, but the capacity to do so is unequally distributed.

Yet, the results of global standard-setting processes need to be implemented domestically which affords opportunities for a wider range of constituencies to influence the outcome, among them elected parliamentarians, businesses, and local civil society. On the one hand, this two-stage process mitigates the lack of inclusiveness in global governance; on the other hand, it may jeopardize the effectiveness of global standards in achieving harmonization.

In practice, opportunities for stakeholders to influence the implementation process and the interest to actually do so vary across countries. The purpose of this article is to chart this variation and discuss what it means for the global governance process. This is sourced from interviews on the implementation of the BEPS project’s standards with different tax policy stakeholders in Australia, Colombia, India, Mexico, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Senegal and Spain. With this data it is identified which non-governmental constituencies exist in each country, what are their interest vis-à-vis different elements of the BEPS Project, and what means they have at their disposal to influence the implementation process.

The findings indicate variation across countries regarding the direction in which governmental and non-governmental stakeholders try to influence the outcomes as well as regarding their opportunities to effectively influence implementation processes. This entails that the level of implication of stakeholders will be context-dependent and so will be the answer to the question on whether the participation in the implementation process can ‘compensate’ for a lack of participation in standard setting processes.

Global tax governance, democratic legitimacy, international taxation, domestic implementation, stakeholder inclusiveness, expert interviews
Mirza Athar Baig’s Ghulam Bagh: A Post-Neo-Colonial Reading
Authors: Irshad Dr Saira , Kanwal Nadia
Published: April 2024

Mirza Athar Baig is known for his unique style in Urdu fiction. In his novel "Ghulam Bagh" Mirza Athar Baig shows the essence of his best philosophy regarding the treatment of life, consciousness, self identity, characterization, psychological conflict and many other aspects. The philosophy of enlightenment is also present in the novel because enlightenment opposes outdated customs and preferences and considers collective human civilization as the ascension of humanity. Apart from power and domination, the philosophy of human relations is also prominent in the novel. The novel reflects the post-colonial era and the present era; therefore, modern technology and terms are widely used in the novel. Mirza Athar Baig has also experimented with several techniques. Cultural phenomena are central to postcolonialism, so it also studies the differences between colonial and colonized cultures. The novel is written in a post-neo-colonial style, which is different from the traditional style.
SÍNTESE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA LIGA BIOCOMPATÍVEL Ti60 Nb15 Zr10 Si15
Authors: Rios Carlos Triveño , Mancini William Douglas
Published: April 2024

Ligas de titânio, particularmente Ti6Al4V, são comumente utilizadas em aplicações biomédicas. Porém, os elementos de alumínio (Al) e vanádio (V) nesta liga pode causar efeitos citotóxicos no corpo humano. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo sintetizar e caracterizar a liga Ti60Nb15Zr10Si15, onde os elementos; titânio (Ti) como metal base, nióbio (Nb), zircônio (Zr) y silício (Si) como elementos de liga cumprem os critérios de biocompatibilidade. A liga foi preparada em forno de fusão a arco equipado com sistema de atmosfera controlada. Posteriormente a liga foi refundida e vazada em molde de coquilha de cobre com cavidade em forma de cunha. A caracterização estrutural foi através de técnicas de microscopia óptica, eletrônica de varredura e difração de raios-X. A caracterização mecânica foi realizada por medidas de dureza Vickers. Os resultados mostram a formação de estruturas eutéticas refinadas (Ti-β + Ti5Si3) na espessura mais fina da cunha, assim como de estrutura vítrea remanescente na interface metal/molde. Com aumento da espessura da cunha foi observada uma estrutura eutética grosseira acompanhado de fases primarias de Ti5Si3. A microdureza Vickers de 525HV na espessura fina foi superior em 24% em relação ao lingote de forno a arco.
Feasibility of Computerized Visuomotor Integration System for Visual Field Defects and Spatial Neglect in Poststroke Patients
Authors: Hong Hyeon-Taek , Jeong Myeong Geun , Kim Kyoung Tae
Published: April 2024

Objective: To develop a computerized visuomotor integration system for assessment and training of visual perception impairments and evaluate its safety and feasibility in patients with a stroke. Visual field defects and spatial neglect lead to substantial poststroke impairment. Most diagnostic assessments are anchored in traditional methods, and clinical effects of rehabilitation treatments are limited.Methods: The CoTras Vision system included two evaluations and four training modules. The evaluation modules were based on the Albert’s test and Star cancellation test, and training modules were based on visual tracking, central-peripheral integration, and visuomotor perception techniques. Bland–Altman plots for agreement with the traditional paper-and-pencil test were performed, and the modified Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Simulator Sickness Questionnaire were conducted.Results: Ten patients with acute stroke completed the study. Bland–Altman plots revealed good agreements for Albert’s test (mean difference, -0.3±4.5) and Star cancellation test (mean difference, 0.3±0.7). The mean±standard deviation scores of the modified Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, Patient Satisfaction Survey, and Simulator Sickness Questionnaire were 84.7±30.6, 40.5±7.9, and 34.0±34.5 respectively.Conclusion: The CoTras Vision system is feasible and safe in patients with stroke. Most patients had a high degree of motivation to use the system and did not experience severe adverse events. Further studies are needed to confirm its usefulness in stroke patients with visual field defects and hemineglect symptoms. Furthermore, a large, well-designed, randomized controlled trial will be needed to confirm the treatment effect of the CoTras Vision system.
DESDE LA ACTIVIDAD ARTÍSTICO RECREATIVA HASTA LA SOCIALIZACIÓN LABORAL DOCENTE
Authors: Barreto Morillos Mauro Cesar , Bances Zeña Santiago , Vargas Salazar Mario Uldarico
Published: April 2024

Este documento tiene un fin principal, la interconexión de los factores en la actividad artístico recreativo, donde se encuentran los momentos, de salud mental, momento actitudinal e impacto motriz y la socialización laboral del docente donde analizamos influencias emocionales estructurales, efectos y puntos de vista educativos y talleres pedagógicos. Con el fin de que el docente pueda desarrollar sus capacidades recreativas y de arte para con la familia, esta investigación es de tipo cualitativo- científico consta de 6 fases y 18 etapas, con criterios – indicadores y sus componentes llegando a una conclusión de interacción de la actividad artístico recreativa hasta la socialización laboral docente.
Blockchain for Enhancing IoT Privacy and Security
Authors: Sinha Shweta
Published: April 2024

The technological advancements in the network technologies that deal with interconnected computing devices has led to the dramatic increase in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It promises to improve the convenience of our lives by leveraging to modernize the way day to day items are connected to various elements of existence by converting it to smart object. However, with the unprecedented convenience, accessibility, and efficiency, IoT has caused acute security and privacy threats in recent years, and it must be addressed properly. Due to the massive scale and distributed nature of IoT networks, overlooking these privacy and security issues will negatively impact many elements of our existence that involves our surroundings, and these effects will influence our own masses too. The national or jurisdictional boundaries are not restricted to the centralized cloud infrastructure that provides interconnectivity of IoT items, hence maintaining robustness, authentication and security becomes crucial. Recently, the development of blockchain technology is a plausible solution to offer such features. Security, authentication, and maintenance issues can be solved by the secure decentralization of blockchain and overcome the current IoT ecosystem's drawbacks. This paper highlights the IoT features and presents a IoT security and privacy problems are examined and classified in accordance with the IoT layered architecture. Further, we explore the IoT security and privacy challenges and examine blockchain technology towards a solution that help solve many of the IoT privacy and security issues
Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Makkar Priyanka
Published: April 2024

Machine Learning is one of the most essential parts of Artificial Intelligence. Machine learning now exists as an important innovation and has a sufficient number of uses. Reinforcement Learning is one of the largest Machine Learning applications that enable machines and software agents to work more precisely and resolve behaviors within a specific context in order to maximize their performance. The self-improvement feature, web-based learning, and minimal effort of Strengthening Learning helped the machines become smart agents in basic technology. With the development of robust and effective algorithms, there is still a lot of work to be done. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide Confirmation Learning reviews and applications using various algorithms from a machine learning perspective.
El ejército mexicano en "El Heraldo de México". La fotografía bélica como herramienta ideológico-política durante el movimiento estudiantil de 1968
Authors: Manteca Ortega Gala Sofía , Juárez-Salazar Edgar Miguel
Published: April 2024

El presente trabajo estudia la relación entre la prensa escrita y la representación gráfica del ejército durante el movimiento estudiantil de 1968 en México. El estudio consiste en un análisis semiológico y sistemático en el cual son exploradas y analizadas las fotos de la milicia en el periódico El Heraldo de México. El Heraldo fue desde sus inicios un periódico de características editoriales conservadoras y allegadas al régimen oficial de Estado. Asimismo, durante las movilizaciones estudiantiles fungió como uno de los medios informativos con mayor cantidad de fotografías. Debido a lo anterior, nuestro trabajo se centra en analizar cómo fue desplegándose la imagen del ejército mediante la fotografía para impactar a la opinión pública y, en paralelo, mostramos algunas de las líneas gráficas que validaron las acciones represivas mediante la connotación de características bélicas de orden social, control y vigilancia. Desde estas líneas narrativas, proponemos que la estrategia informativa del Estado fue más allá de la propaganda y generó una maniobra narrativa que funcionó como un elemento ideológico y político para legitimar las acciones del ejército mexicano y su imagen ante la sociedad civil y la opinión pública
La dimensión territorial: nacionalismos y regionalismos ante la Europa de las regiones
Authors: Mainzer Cardell Albert Francesc
Published: April 2024

Este artículo aborda la relación entre el desarrollo del Estado de las Autonomías y el proceso de integración europea desde una perspectiva política e intelectual. Lo hace contraponiendo las diferentes concepciones existentes en torno a una Europa de las Regiones tanto desde las instituciones comunitarias como desde los partidos políticos nacionalistas de ámbito subestatales, con especial referencia a sus interacciones con sus homólogos ideológicos europeos. El artículo centra su mirada en la etapa que transcurre entre la solicitud de adhesión española a las Comunidades Europeas y la aprobación del Tratado de Maastricht, período en especial en el que se producen los debates y reflexiones sobre el modelo de Europa al que las Comunidades tienden en el camino hacia la Unión Europea.
Modernización e internacionalización de la banca española: la integración en el Mercado Común Europeo
Authors: García Crespo Guillermo
Published: April 2024

Este artículo examina desde la perspectiva del sector financiero las negociaciones entre España y la CEE que culminan con la firma del Tratado de Adhesión el 12 de junio de 1985. En el marco de análisis de las implicaciones para la Banca de la integración, se estudia la trayectoria histórica de este sector en España desde el siglo XIX, junto con la evolución de la legislación española y europea en este ámbito. La interpretación que los banqueros españoles hicieron de la integración en la CEE estuviera determinada por una estimación de los cambios y las ventajas que podrían derivarse de este paso crucial frente a la estructura histórica del sistema financiero español.
Entre la cumbre de la Haya y la de Maastricht (1969-1992): apuestas y desafíos de la integración europea
Authors: Cavallaro Maria Elena
Published: April 2024

En este ensayo se pasa revista a los principales momentos de la integración europea desde los años 1970 hasta la firma del Tratado de Maastricht. Esta periodización sirve para demostrar que los resultados adquiridos en los años 1990 pueden interpretarse más como punto de llegada de los desafíos surgidos en los 1970 que como programa de cara al nuevo orden internacional que se impuso después del final de la Guerra Fría.
SOME REMARKS ABOUT THE OBLIQUITY FACTOR USING IN THE KIRCHHOFF DIFFRACTION THEORY
Authors: Khachatrian A. Zh. , Kogarov K. A. , Gevorgyan D. G.
Published: April 2024

In the framework of the work the description of sphere wave filed in the far observation region is discussed. The
consideration is based on the decomposition of the wave field over the longitudinal and transverse spatial parameters of
the problem in the direction of observation. It is shown that the approximation of a sphere wave by the flat field is
correct only if the consideration is conducted in the limit of solid angle. The magnitude of the solid angle, which
includes the area of flatness of the spherical wave, is determined using the so-called wave parameters corresponding to
the observation area and the illuminated point.
The wave field created by a small flat area is defined as a limit case of a superposition field generated by a system of
point sources. It is shown that in an observation point the wave field of a small flat area can be characterized by the
angle between the area normal and the vector indicting from the given area the observation point. The problem of
description of a wave filed in the framework of a small flat aria is also discussed. A new method for deriving of the
well-known obliquity factor of the Kirchhoff diffraction theory is suggested.
AGRICULTURAL AND HEALTH-RELATED PERSPECTIVES OF LYCIUM BARBARUM L. INTRODUCTION
Authors: Babakhanyan Michael , Simonyan Karen , Darbinyan Lilit , Ghalachyan Laura , Zaqaryan Shushan , Gulnazaryan Shushanik , Hovhannisyan Lusya
Published: April 2024

The introduction of the Lycium barbarum (LbL) plant variety to the Republic of Armenia and Artsakh,
considering soil and climate conditions along with phytotechnology of cultivation, resulted in the preservation of
its growth and development stages without significant alterations. The plant successfully formed fruits and
maintained biochemical content typical of its natural habitat. This suggests that the flora could benefit from the
addition of this new, promising plant species, which possesses medicinal and preventive properties, nutritional
value for both humans and animals, and potential for enhancing ecological environments through various means
such as greening of bare slopes, ornamental gardening, and roadside plantings. Furthermore, LbL exhibits frost
resistance, drought resistance, and low agrochemical requirements for soil. The discovery of germanium in the
biomass of LbL fruits and leaves, and its correlation with environmental and cultivation conditions, implies that
the concentration of this anti-tumor element in the plant material can be regulated.
Point-of-care ultrasound for diagnosing extrapulmonary TB
Authors: Allan-Blitz LT. , Yarbrough C. , Ndayizigiye M. , Wade C. , Goldsmith A.J. , Duggan N.M.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Despite the high morbidity and mortality globally, standard microbiologic diagnosis for TB requires laboratory infrastructure inaccessible in many resource-limited areas and may be insufficient for identifying extrapulmonary
disease. Point-of-care (POC) ultrasound facilitates visualization of extrapulmonary manifestations, permitting laboratory-independent diagnosis, but its diagnostic utility remains unclear.

METHODS
We conducted a systematic review
of five online databases for studies reporting ultrasound findings among cases with and without extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). A minimum of two authors independently screened and reviewed each article, and extracted data elements of interest. We conducted a series of univariate meta-analyses using
a random-effects model to calculate the pooled effect estimate and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each outcome: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).

RESULTS
Of 279
articles identified, 6 were included. There were 699 cases of EPTB among 1,633 participants. The pooled sensitivity estimate was 0.72 (95% CI 0.57–0.88). The pooled specificity estimate was 0.77 (95% CI 0.63–0.90). The pooled PPV and NPV estimates were respectively 0.67 (95% CI
0.47–0.87) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.77–0.93).

CONCLUSION
POC ultrasound showed modest test characteristics for diagnosing EPTB, which may constitute an improvement over some currently available diagnostics.
O impacto do anúncio de um país sediar a copa do mundo no seu mercado de ações
Authors: Moran Filho Renato , Dominguez Bruno Izar Paulo , Afonso Lucas Pellicano , Jucá Michele Nascimento
Published: April 2024

Mega eventos esportivos como a copa do mundo mobilizam bilhões de pessoas, seja física ou virtualmente. Logo, a hospedagem desses eventos oferece a chance de os países exercerem seu soft power, além de aquecer as economias locais. A copa do mundo de 2026 possui um formato inédito, envolvendo os três países da América do Norte. Entretanto, por vezes, os países candidatos a sediá-los superestimam os benefícios futuros, desconsiderando a real dimensão dos custos associados. Entre os setores mais diretamente favorecidos nesses países está o de turismo. Assim sendo, este estudo tem por objetivo verificar se o anúncio da escolha dos países sedes copa do mundo de 2026 impacta positivamente o retorno das ações do seu setor de turismo. Essa análise se dá por meio de um estudo de evento, no qual a data de anúncio da escolha dos países sede é em 13 de junho de 2018. Os resultados não confirmam a hipótese principal do estudo, uma vez que os pregões na bolsa de valores apresentam um retorno acumulado anormal negativo. Porém, além da confirmação da hipótese de eficiência de mercado, esta pesquisa oferece a oportunidade de empresas e países refletirem sobre as projeções de investimentos e receitas, no momento da sua candidatura.
Prediction of the protein and lipid content of Coalho cheese using spectroscopy
Authors: Lima Keliane Oliveira de , Bevilaqua Gabriel Cicalese , Oliveira Glauco Vieira de , Oliveira Keily Alves de Moura , Chaves Karina da Silva , Barbosa Neila Mello dos Santos Cortez , Andrade Samara alvachian Cardoso
Published: April 2024

Coalho cheese is a traditional dairy product consumed in Brazil. Official methodologies for determining the cheese composition have disadvantages related to costs and analysis time, but Near Infrared Region Spectroscopy (NIRS), a faster methodology, is an alternative that can be used to obtain fast and reliable data. The aim of this study was to use NIRS associated with multivariate analysis to predict the content of proteins and lipids in Coalho cheese. 80 samples of the product were submitted to the official analysis methods and NIRS. The spectra were obtained in the region 10000 - 4000 cm-1, in reflectance mode. The multivariate calibration method used was partial least squares regression (PLS) with PLS interval algorithm. It was found that the mean square error of prediction for the chosen model for lipids was 1.39% and, for proteins, 2.73%. The NIRS showed imprecision for protein prediction in Coalho cheese, but, for the lipid content, the NIRS-PLS methodology showed satisfactory prediction results, which shows its potential for the Dairy Industries.
Contextualização da Imunopatogenecidade do SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Calil Leonardo Borghetti , Uchôa Valentina de Souza , Freitas Junior José Carlos Silva de , Carvalho Marina Teixeira de , Rocha Isabella Ribeiro da , Pereira Luciano Penha
Published: April 2024

A COVID-19 compreende uma infecção viral com diversas sintomatologias que ocasionou a morte de milhões de pessoas ao redor do globo por conta da falta de conhecimento, até então, a seu respeito. Porém, após estudos sobre a patogenicidade do SARS-COV 2, descobriu-se que ele ocasiona uma agudização inflamatória nos infectados, podendo levar, em casos mais graves, a uma síndrome respiratória aguda grave e choque. A doença também pode se complicar por um período maior de semanas após a cura e ocasionar a formação de trombos por conta da inflamação lesando o endotélio vascular. As principais células que participam da reação imune contra a COVID são os linfócitos TCD4+ e TCD8+ com seus grânulos citoplasmáticos contendo linfocinas inflamatórias. Além disso, foi descoberto que condições associadas, como obesidade, cardiopatias ou diabetes mellitus podem potencializar a malignidade do vírus e aumentar o risco de morte. Enfim, este trabalho procura trazer o mecanismo imunológico do corpo humano contra o vírus SARS-COV 2, apresentando como ocorrem as complicações da infecção a nível celular, como o coronavírus adentra as células hospedeiras e se replica e parâmetros laboratoriais desenvolvidos para avaliar a letalidade.
Diagnóstico agronômico no cultivo de açaizeiro de terra firme em uma propriedade no município de Curuçá – PA
Authors: Gonçalves Jeremias Maia , Nauar Luiz Antônio Marinho , Araújo Antonio Ezequiel Marques de , Dias Jheniffe Danielle da Silva , Oliveira Maria Vitória das Neves Silva de , Silva Ana Paula Silva da , Carvalho Ester Sizane da Silva , Ramos Maria Luana Ferreira , Pedroso Augusto José Silva
Published: April 2024

O Diagnóstico Agronômico também tem função de verificar as razões pelas quais, em algumas situações agrícolas, não se atinge o nível esperado de desempenho, para alcançar este objetivo no que diz respeito à produção vegetal do estabelecimento agrícola (os sistemas de cultivo) devemos: considerar o contexto em que estão inseridas as práticas do agricultor no que diz respeito à produção vegetal e estudar a relação destas práticas com o meio ecológico e com as plantas cultivadas e seu efeito sobre a produção, esse enfoque de pesquisa leva em consideração a variabilidade de uma região e procura identificar os   fatores limitantes dentro de uma rede de propriedades. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer dados para a melhoria das formas de manejo e incremento das atividades numa perspectiva de aperfeiçoamento na produção da propriedade em questão. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa é o levantamento dos dados da produção, manejo visando destacar pontos fortes e fracos na produção. Este caso em estudo, o proprietário atualmente tem como atividade principal a agricultura, estabelecendo um sistema de cultivo que apresenta diversos aspectos favoráveis, como a questão da redução do impacto ambiental, conservação do solo, menor uso de agrotóxicos e preservação de espécies, causando dessa forma um desequilíbrio menor, além de favorecer também o meio ambiente.
PERIODISATION OF CHANGES IN STATE FAMILY POLICY IN POLAND BETWEEN 1989 AND 2022
Authors: Szczepaniak-Sienniak Joanna
Published: April 2024

The subject of this article is the periodization of changes in the state family policy in Poland that took place in the years 1989–2022, in order to systematize on this basis the main directions, priorities and instruments of the title policy as well as the most significant events, activities and turning points in a given area. This analysis shows a multi-aspect perspective on the assessment of the evolution of family policy in Poland in the years 1989–2022. Indicates, among others: periods in which there was a significant expansion of the scope of state intervention in the functioning of the family, especially through a significant increase in expenditure on financial instruments, for example after 2015. However, the development of service and leave instruments is particularly important, which took place in particular in 2013 as part of the "Good climate for the family" program. Due to the low fertility rate, financial difficulties of many families and difficulties in combining child care responsibilities with paid work, family policy should be based to a greater extent on investments and social services.