bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical decision support system based on deep learning for evaluating implantable collamer lens size and vault after implantable collamer lens surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Yixuan , Long Zhengqin , Lei Bo , Liu Wei , Ye Jian
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To aid doctors in selecting the optimal preoperative implantable collamer lens (ICL) size and to enhance the safety and surgical outcomes of ICL procedures, a clinical decision support system (CDSS) is proposed in our study.

Design

A retrospective study of patients after ICL surgery.

Setting

China Tertiary Myopia Prevention and Control Center.

Participants

2772 eyes belonging to 1512 patients after ICL surgery. Data were collected between 2018 and 2022.

Outcome measures

A CDSS is constructed and used to predict vault at 1 month postoperatively and preoperative ICL dimensions using various artificial intelligence methods. Accuracy metrics as well as area under curve (AUC) parameters are used to determine the CDSS prediction methods.

Results

Among the ICL size prediction models, conventional neural networks (CNNs) achieve the best prediction accuracy at 91.37% and exhibit the highest AUC of 0.842. Regarding the prediction model for vault values 1 month after surgery, CNN surpasses the other methods with an accuracy of 85.27%, which has the uppermost AUC of 0.815. Thus, we select CNN as the prediction algorithm for the CDSS.

Conclusions

This study introduces a CDSS to assist doctors in selecting the optimal ICL size for patients while improving the safety and postoperative outcomes of ICL surgery.
Community engagement approaches for malaria prevention, control and elimination: a scoping review
Authors: Awasthi Kiran Raj , Jancey Jonine , Clements Archie C A , Rai Rajni , Leavy Justine Elizabeth
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Globally malaria programmes have adopted approaches to community engagement (ACE) to design and deliver malaria interventions. This scoping review aimed to understand, map, and synthesise intervention activities guided by ACE and implemented by countries worldwide for the prevention, control and elimination of malaria.

Methods

Three databases (Web of Science, Proquest, and Medline) were searched for peer-reviewed, primary studies, published in English between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2022. Advanced Google was used to search for grey literature. The five levels of the International Association for Public Participation were used to categorise ACE - (1) Inform, (2) Consult, (3) involve, (4) Collaborate, and (5) Co-lead. Intervention activities were categorised as health education (HE), and/or health services (HS), and/or environmental management (EM). Outcomes were collected as knowledge, attitude, behaviour, help-seeking, health and HS and environment. Enablers and barriers were identified. Malaria intervention phases were categorised as (1) prevention (P), or (2) control (C), or (3) prevention and control (PC) or prevention, control and elimination (PCE).

Results

Seventy-five studies were included in the review. Based on ACE levels, most studies were at the inform (n=37) and involve (n=26) level. HE (n=66) and HS (n=43) were the common intervention activities. HE informed communities about malaria, its prevention and vector control. EM activities were effective when complemented by HE. Community-based HS using locally recruited health workers was well-accepted by the community. Involvement of local leaders and collaboration with local stakeholders can be enablers for malaria intervention activities.

Conclusion

Involving local leaders and community groups in all stages of malaria prevention programmes is vital for successful interventions. Key elements of successful ACE, that is, consult, collaborate, and co-lead were under-represented in the literature and require attention. National programes must consult and collaborate with community stakeholders to develop ownership of the interventions and eventually co-lead them.
Informing understanding of coordination of care for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a secondary qualitative analysis
Authors: Brooman-White Rosalie , Blakeman Thomas , McNab Duncan , Deaton Christi
Published: February 2024

Background

Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are a complex and underserved group. They are commonly older patients with multiple comorbidities, who rely on multiple healthcare services. Regional variation in services and resourcing has been highlighted as a problem in heart failure care, with few teams bridging the interface between the community and secondary care. These reports conflict with policy goals to improve coordination of care and dissolve boundaries between specialist services and the community.

Aim

To explore how care is coordinated for patients with HFpEF, with a focus on the interface between primary care and specialist services in England.

Methods

We applied systems thinking methodology to examine the relationship between work-as-imagined and work-as-done for coordination of care for patients with HFpEF. We analysed clinical guidelines in conjunction with a secondary applied thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with healthcare professionals caring for patients with HFpEF including general practitioners, specialist nurses and cardiologists and patients with HFpEF themselves (n=41). Systems Thinking for Everyday Work principles provided a sensitising theoretical framework to facilitate a deeper understanding of how these data illustrate a complex health system and where opportunities for improvement interventions may lie.

Results

Three themes (working with complexity, information transfer and working relationships) were identified to explain variability betweenwork-as-imaginedandwork-as-done. Participants raised educational needs, challenging work conditions, issues with information transfer systems and organisational structures poorly aligned with patient needs.

Conclusions

There are multiple challenges that affect coordination of care for patients with HFpEF. Findings from this study illuminate the complexity in coordination of care practices and have implications for future interventional work.
Role of knowledge and reasoning processes as predictors of resident physicians’ susceptibility to anchoring bias in diagnostic reasoning: a randomised controlled experiment
Authors: Mamede Sílvia , Zandbergen Adrienne , de Carvalho-Filho Marco Antonio , Choi Goda , Goeijenbier Marco , van Ginkel Joost , Zwaan Laura , Paas Fred , Schmidt Henk G
Published: February 2024

Background

Diagnostic errors have been attributed to reasoning flaws caused by cognitive biases. While experiments have shown bias to cause errors, physicians of similar expertise differed in susceptibility to bias. Resisting bias is often said to depend on engaging analytical reasoning, disregarding the influence of knowledge. We examined the role of knowledge and reasoning mode, indicated by diagnosis time and confidence, as predictors of susceptibility to anchoring bias. Anchoring bias occurs when physicians stick to an incorrect diagnosis triggered by early salient distracting features (SDF) despite subsequent conflicting information.

Methods

Sixty-eight internal medicine residents from two Dutch university hospitals participated in a two-phase experiment. Phase 1: assessment of knowledge of discriminating features (ie, clinical findings that discriminate between lookalike diseases) for six diseases. Phase 2 (1 week later): diagnosis of six cases of these diseases. Each case had two versions differing exclusively in the presence/absence of SDF. Each participant diagnosed three cases with SDF (SDF+) and three without (SDF−). Participants were randomly allocated to case versions. Based on phase 1 assessment, participants were split into higher knowledge or lower knowledge groups. Main outcome measurements: frequency of diagnoses associated with SDF; time to diagnose; and confidence in diagnosis.

Results

While both knowledge groups performed similarly on SDF- cases, higher knowledge physicians succumbed to anchoring bias less frequently than their lower knowledge counterparts on SDF+ cases (p=0.02). Overall, physicians spent more time (p<0.001) and had lower confidence (p=0.02) on SDF+ than SDF− cases (p<0.001). However, when diagnosing SDF+ cases, the groups did not differ in time (p=0.88) nor in confidence (p=0.96).

Conclusions

Physicians apparently adopted a more analytical reasoning approach when presented with distracting features, indicated by increased time and lower confidence, trying to combat bias. Yet, extended deliberation alone did not explain the observed performance differences between knowledge groups. Success in mitigating anchoring bias was primarily predicted by knowledge of discriminating features of diagnoses.
A comparative study of fodder Galega (Galega orientalis LAM.) and common forage legumes in monoculture and grass–legume binary mixture in Canadian Prairies
Authors: Biligetu Bill , Bainard Jillian , Khanal Nityananda , Wang Hu
Published: February 2024

Fodder Galega ( Galega orientalis Lam.) is a perennial legume adapted to the temperate regions of the world. The objective of this research was to compare the performance of fodder Galega to alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), and cicer milkvetch ( Astragalus cicer L.) in monocultures and grass–legume mixtures. From 2018 to 2020, a multiple-location trial was conducted at Swift Current, Saskatoon, Melfort, SK and Beaverlodge, AB, Canada. The average forage mass of fodder Galega in monoculture was 3226, 1176, and 1678 kg·ha–1 at Melfort, Saskatoon, and Swift Current, respectively, and was lower than alfalfa. However, fodder Galega and alfalfa had similar forage mass at Beaverlodge (7900 and 7670 kg·ha−1, respectively). The proportion of fodder Galega in the grass–legume mixtures was 36%–42% in 2019, decreasing to 3%–27% at Saskatoon. At Swift Current, fodder Galega in the mixtures was 11%–13% in 2019, which almost disappeared from the stand in 2020. At Beaverlodge, fodder Galega maintained 38%–47% in 2019 and increased to 47%–69% in 2020. Fodder Galega had similar acid detergent fiber to cicer milkvetch at two of four sites, which was lower than those of alfalfa and sainfoin. The crude protein of fodder Galega and its mixtures with grasses was lower than other mixtures at the three Saskatchewan sites, but was higher at Beaverlodge. Our results indicate that fodder Galega has potential to be utilized as a forage legume in cooler northern regions, but its productivity was low in the Dark Brown and Brown soil.
Warmer future climate in Canada—implications for winter survival of perennial forage crops
Authors: Qian Budong , Jing Qi , Jégo Guillaume , Bélanger Gilles , Smith Ward , VanderZaag Andy , Shang Jiali , Liu Jiangui , Grant Brian , Crépeau Marianne
Published: February 2024

Significant increase in wintertime air temperature, especially the reduced cold extremes under climate change, might be beneficial to the winter survival of perennial crops. However, climate warming could result in less snowfall, reduced snow cover, as well as changes in climate conditions for fall hardening and winter thaws. How these changes might impact the risks of winter damages to overwintering crops, such as perennial forage crops requires a comprehensive assessment for proactively adapting to climate change in the agricultural sector, especially the beef and dairy industries. Based on the most up-to-date climate projections from a set of global climate models, we used a snow model and a suite of agroclimatic indices for perennial forage crops to assess potential changes in the risks of winter injury to perennial forage crops across Canada in the near-term (2030s), the mid-term (2050s), and the distant future (2070s). Our results show that the risk of exposure to extremely low temperatures (daily Tmin ≤ −15 °C) without snow protection is projected to decrease across Canada with improved conditions for fall hardening. However, winter thaws and rainfall are projected to increase, and this would increase the risk of winter injury due to loss of hardiness together with potential soil heaving and ice encasement.
Spherically symmetric anisotropic strange stars
Authors: Lopes Luiz L. , Das H. C.
Published: February 2024

In this work, we made an extensive study about the possible presence of anisotropies in strange stars. To accomplish this task, we use three different configurations for the strange matter: the unpaired matter, a two-flavor super-conducting (2SC) strange matter, and a fully three-flavor super-conducting strange matter (CFL). For each configuration, we calculate the relevant quantities for the strange stars, such as the mass-radius relation, the dimensionless tidal parameter, the moment of inertia, and the surface curvature for different degrees of anisotropies. Whenever possible, we compare our results with constraints found in the literature, especially focusing on the existence of very massive pulsars (PSR J0952-0607), as well as very light compact objects (HESS J1731-347).
Do We Really Need Imputation in AutoML Predictive Modeling?
Authors: Paterakis George , Fafalios Stefanos , Charonyktakis Paulos , Christophides Vassilis , Tsamardinos Ioannis
Published: February 2024

Numerous real-world data contain missing values, while in contrast, most Machine Learning (ML) algorithms assume complete datasets. For this reason, several imputation algorithms have been proposed to predict and fill in the missing values. Given the advances in predictive modeling algorithms tuned in an Automated Machine Learning context (AutoML) setting, a question that naturally arises is to what extent sophisticated imputation algorithms (e.g., Neural Network based) are really needed, or we can obtain a descent performance using simple methods like Mean/Mode (MM). In this article, we experimentally compare six state-of-the-art representatives of different imputation algorithmic families from an AutoML predictive modeling perspective, including a feature selection step and combined algorithm and hyper-parameter selection. We used a commercial AutoML tool for our experiments, in which we included the selected imputation methods. Experiments ran on 25 binary classification real-world incomplete datasets with missing values and 10 binary classification complete datasets in which synthetic missing values are introduced according to different missingness mechanisms, at varying missing frequencies. The main conclusion drawn from our experiments is that the best method on average is the Denoise AutoEncoder on real-world datasets and the MissForest in simulated datasets, followed closely by MM. In addition, binary indicator variables encoding missingness patterns actually improve predictive performance, on average. Last, although there are cases where Neural-Network-based imputation significantly improves predictive performance, this comes at a great computational cost and requires measuring all feature values to impute new samples.
Structural Diversity in Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Light Harvesting
Authors: Iwai Masakazu , Patel-Tupper Dhruv , Niyogi Krishna K.
Published: February 2024

Photosynthesis has been using energy from sunlight to assimilate atmospheric CO2 for at least 3.5 billion years. Through evolution and natural selection, photosynthetic organisms have flourished in almost all aquatic and terrestrial environments. This is partly due to the diversity of light-harvesting complex (LHC) proteins, which facilitate photosystem assembly, efficient excitation energy transfer, and photoprotection. Structural advances have provided angstrom-level structures of many of these proteins and have expanded our understanding of the pigments, lipids, and residues that drive LHC function. In this review, we compare and contrast recently observed cryo-electron microscopy structures across photosynthetic eukaryotes to identify structural motifs that underlie various light-harvesting strategies. We discuss subtle monomer changes that result in macroscale reorganization of LHC oligomers. Additionally, we find recurring patterns across diverse LHCs that may serve as evolutionary stepping stones for functional diversification. Advancing our understanding of LHC protein–environment interactions will improve our capacity to engineer more productive crops.
Priming and Maintenance of Adaptive Immunity in the Liver
Authors: Kawashima Keigo , Andreata Francesco , Beccaria Cristian Gabriel , Iannacone Matteo
Published: February 2024

The liver's unique characteristics have a profound impact on the priming and maintenance of adaptive immunity. This review delves into the cellular circuits that regulate adaptive immune responses in the liver, with a specific focus on hepatitis B virus infection as an illustrative example. A key aspect highlighted is the liver's specialized role in priming CD8+ T cells, leading to a distinct state of immune hyporesponsiveness. Additionally, the influence of the liver's hemodynamics and anatomical features, particularly during liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, on the differentiation and function of adaptive immune cells is discussed. While the primary emphasis is on CD8+ T cells, recent findings regarding the involvement of B cells and CD4+ T cells in hepatic immunity are also reviewed. Furthermore, we address the challenges ahead and propose integrating cutting-edge techniques, such as spatial biology, and combining mouse models with human sample analyses to gain comprehensive insights into the liver's adaptive immunity. This understanding could pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies targeting infectious diseases, malignancies, and inflammatory liver conditions like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis.
Strategic Humanitarianism: Host States and Refugee Policy
Authors: Salehyan Idean , Savun Burcu
Published: February 2024

The significant rise in the number of forcibly displaced people crossing international borders, i.e., refugees, necessitates a thorough examination of the policies implemented by receiving states to manage the arrival of these vulnerable populations. This article reviews the literature on the factors that influence refugee policies, focusing on two dimensions of host state responses: admission and integration. We argue that there may be an inherent tension between refugee admissions and refugee integration policies, as countries attempt to restrict benefits when admission numbers increase. Further, we highlight how refugee policies are influenced by international and domestic constraints and priorities that can at times be conflicting or complementary. The article ultimately advocates for a systematic analysis of the endogenous relationship between refugee policies, public perception of refugees, and migration patterns.
The Future of Work? The Political Theory of Work and Leisure
Authors: Rose Julie L.
Published: February 2024

The prospect of rapid technological development and automation has heightened attention toward issues of work and leisure, prompting many to ask what the future of work will be. Though this question is sometimes asked as a matter of forecasting, the path forward is not predetermined. A range of collective choices shape the conditions of people's work and leisure. It is essential for these choices to be guided by consideration of what the future of work should be. This article reviews recent literature in normative political theory about work and leisure, focusing on how they should be conceptualized, the multidimensional values and disvalues associated with both, and the grounds of people's claims to each. It highlights how the goods and bads of work and leisure are unequally shared by class, race, and gender, as well as the theoretical and practical advantages of considering people's interests in work and leisure in conjunction.
A Sociology of Real Estate: Polanyi, Du Bois, and the Relational Study of Commodified Land in a Climate-Changed Future
Authors: Besbris Max , Robinson John N. , Angelo Hillary
Published: February 2024

Real estate plays an essential part in various sociological theories of political economy, state capacity, racecraft, stratification, and urbanization. However, since foundational insights about the novelty of commodified, emplaced private property from theorists like Du Bois and Polanyi, these disparate threads have not been tied together into a coherent field of study. Here, we review three areas of recent scholarship relevant to understanding real estate—the political economy of place, property rights, and financialization—in order to draw out key insights from each. Overall, the political-economic and socio-legal aspects of real estate have been well-studied, but contemporary research has been limited by its parochialism. We argue that for a sociology of real estate to move forward, it must take a broader, more relational perspective; must become more international; and must confront the climate crisis—and that Polanyi's and Du Bois's contributions can be effectively mobilized toward these ends.
Role of macrophages in regression of myocardial fibrosis following alleviation of left ventricular pressure overload
Authors: Neff Lily S. , Biggs Rachel M. , Zhang Yuhua , Van Laer An O. , Baicu Catalin F. , Subramanian Suganya , Berto Stefano , DeLeon-Pennell Kristine , Zile Michael R. , Bradshaw Amy D.
Published: February 2024

Our novel findings highlight the dynamic changes in myocardial macrophage populations that occur in response to PO and after alleviation of PO. Our data demonstrated, for the first time, a potential benefit of macrophages in contributing to collagen degradation and the partial regression of interstitial fibrosis following normalization of hemodynamic load.
Effects of Varying Annealing Ambient towards Performance of Ternary GaxCeyOz Passivation Layers for Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Capacitor
Authors: Shekkeer Kammutty Musliyarakath Abdul , Cheong Kuan Yew , Quah Hock Jin
Published: February 2024

In this work, different annealing ambient (nitrogen‐oxygen‐nitrogen (N2‐O2‐N2), forming gas‐oxygen‐forming gas (FG‐O2‐FG), and argon‐oxygen‐argon (Ar‐O2‐Ar)) were explored to investigate the feasibility of employing the annealed ternary GaxCeyOz passivation layer (PL) for development of Si‐based metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. The impact of nitrogen and/or hydrogen in hindering the growth of silicon dioxide (SiO2) interfacial layer (IL) was quantitatively evaluated. The combination of effects brought by nitrogen attached to oxygen vacancies, nitrogen‐silicon bonding, and nitrogen accumulation at the GaxCeyOz/Si interface effectively minimized the formation of SiO2 IL. Consequently, among all the samples, the GaxCeyOz PL annealed in N2‐O2‐N2 ambient exhibited superior MOS characteristics in terms of low effective oxide charge, slow trap density, interface trap density, and interface state density, which have translated into good leakage current density‐electric field characteristics.
Severe Hypercalcemia Caused by Calcium-Alkali Syndrome after 15 Years of Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism in a Patient with Undiagnosed Hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Boufleuer Natália Diel , Rados Dimitris V. , Zambonato Tatiana , Maraschin Clara K. , Schaan Beatriz D.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. The triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and acute kidney injury associated with ingesting high doses of calcium and absorbable bases characterizes the calcium-alkali syndrome. Clinical Case. We report the case of a patient with postthyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism 15 years ago due to differentiated thyroid cancer who presented with severe hypercalcemia. He had adequate control of calcemia for many years on treatment with calcitriol and calcium carbonate and hypertension treated with amlodipine, losartan, and hydrochlorothiazide. After a period of loss to follow-up, he suddenly presents with severe hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and loss of renal function. Upon hydration and withdrawal of calcitriol and calcium replacements, hypercalcemia resolved. The etiological investigation identified no granulomatous or neoplastic diseases, but an aldosterone-producing adrenal incidentaloma was found. The cause of hypercalcemia in this patient was calcium-alkali syndrome due to calcium carbonate replacement potentiated by hydrochlorothiazide and primary aldosteronism. Six months after the hospitalization and suspension of calcium and vitamin D, the patient returned to hypocalcemia, reinforcing the diagnosis. Conclusion. Although seldom described, the calcium-alkali syndrome is an expected complication for individuals with postoperative hypoparathyroidism, as they require lifelong calcium and vitamin D supplementation. This case also shows the importance of hydrochlorothiazide use and primary aldosteronism as possible triggers of life-threatening hypercalcemia.
Computation of Structural Descriptors of Pyrene Cored Dendrimers through Quotient Graph Approach and Its Graph Entropy Measures
Authors: Xavier D. Antony , Baby Annmaria , Alsinai Ammar , Sarah Varghese Eddith , Ahmed Hanan
Published: February 2024

Dendrimers are highly defined hyperbranched artificial macromolecules, synthesised by convergent or divergent approach with specific applications in various fields. Dendrimers can be represented as graph models, from which a quantitative description can be drawn in relation with their structural properties. The distance-based and the degree-based descriptors have great importance and huge applications in structural chemistry. These indices together with entropy measures are found to be more effective and have found application in scientific fields. The idea of graph entropy is to characterise the complexity of graphs. The use of these graph invariants in quantitative structure property relationship and quantitative structure activity relationship studies has become of major interest in recent years. In this paper, the distance-based molecular descriptors of pyrene cored dendrimers are studied applying the technique of converting original graph into quotient graphs using Θ∗-classes. It is to be noted that, since the pyrene cored dendrimer, Gn is not a partial cube, usual cut method is not applicable. Further, various degree-based descriptors and their corresponding graph entropies of the pyrene cored dendrimers are also studied. Based on the obtained results, a comparative analysis as well as a regression analysis was carried out.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in an Ethiopian Comprehensive Specialized Hospital
Authors: Teshome Diriba , Hunie Metages , Kibret Simegnew , Mestofa Marifa , Fenta Efrem
Published: February 2024

Background. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and uncomfortable anesthetic and surgical consequences. It may cause severe distress to the patient and may cause the recovery process to be delayed. Identifying the reasons may aid in reducing the magnitude and problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for PONV after general anesthesia in an Ethiopian hospital. Methods. From March 1 to May 30, 2019, a cross-sectional study was designed. A patient interview was used to obtain data on the occurrence of PONV, and a chart review was used to collect data on other demographic and clinical variables. To identify associated factors, variables with a P-value of 0.2 in binary logistic regression were transformed into a multivariable logistic regression. The strength of the association and level of significance waswere demonstrated using crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and P-values of 0.05. Results. The study included 162 participants, with a remarkable 100% response rate. Within 24 hr after surgery, 51.2% of patients had nausea and vomiting. When compared to their counterparts, female patients, patients who received perioperative opioid medication, patients with a history of PONV, and patients with a history of motion sickness reported a statistically significant difference (higher incidence) in PONV. Conclusion. This study only comprised ASA physical classes 1 and 2 patients who did not receive preventive antiemetics. In the research area, the total prevalence of vomiting and nausea was 51.2%. Female sex, perioperative opioid usage, a history of nausea and vomiting, and a history of motion sickness were discovered to be statistically significantly associated with a higher incidence of PONV.
Investigation of Optical and Dielectric Properties of Nickel-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Prepared via Coprecipitation Method
Authors: Ahmad Sohail , Usman Muhammad , Hashim Muhammad , Ali Atizaz , Shah Rasool , Rahman Naveed Ur
Published: February 2024

Nanostructures of undoped zinc oxide and nickel-doped zinc oxide (Ni = Zn0.98Ni0.02O, Zn0.96Ni0.04O, and Zn0.94Ni0.06O) were synthesized by using the coprecipitation process, and their optical and dielectric properties were simultaneously investigated. The XRD results confirm the hexagonal structure having space group P63mc. By increasing nickel concentration, the particle size decreases, while the strain is increased. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was carried out in order to learn more about the phonon modes present in nickel-doped zinc oxide. UV-Vis spectroscopy further revealed that the optical band gap of nickel-doped samples varied from 3.18 eV to 2.80 eV. The SEM analysis confirms the rod shape morphology of the already synthesized samples. EDX analysis investigates the incorporation of nickel ions into the zinc oxide lattice. Using photoluminescence spectroscopy, we found that the synthesized materials had oxygen vacancies (Vo) and zinc interstitial (Zni) defects. Dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (ε) are both improved in nickel-doped zinc oxide compared to undoped zinc oxide. Since more charge carriers enhanced after the nickel ions were exchanged for the Zn ions, the AC electrical conductivity (σa.c) improves by nickel doping compared to undoped zinc oxide.
Decoding Serine Metabolism: Unveiling Novel Pathways for Evolving Cancer Therapies
Authors: Lau Aristotle , Blenis John , Burgos-Barragan Guillermo
Published: February 2024

Serine metabolism plays a pivotal role in cancer, making it an appealing therapeutic target. Two recent studies published in Nature Metabolism and Science Translational Medicine uncovered novel players and therapeutic opportunities within this crucial metabolic pathway. Papalazarou and colleagues employed genetic tools coupled with metabolomics and high-throughput imaging to identify and characterize membrane transporters involved in serine uptake and mitochondrial import in colorectal cancer. Notably, they showed that dual inhibition of these transporters in combination with impaired serine biosynthesis reduced tumor growth in xenograft models. In a parallel study, Zhang and colleagues identified isocitrate dehydrogenase I (IDH1) as a novel regulator of serine biosynthesis in non–small cell lung cancer. Through extensive mechanistic studies, they demonstrated that IDH1 enhances the expression of the key enzymes phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 via a noncanonical function independent of its enzymatic activity. Strikingly, pharmacologic disruption of this novel function of IDH1 not only diminished tumor growth but also enhanced the anticancer efficacy of dietary serine restriction in mouse models of lung cancer. Together, these studies advance our mechanistic understanding of how cancer cells fulfill their serine requirements and reveal innovative therapeutic avenues to deprive tumors of this vital nutrient.
Supplementary Table S1 from Clinical Benefit of Avapritinib in KIT-Mutant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Phase I NAVIGATOR and Phase I/II CS3007–001 Studies
Authors: Heinrich Michael C. , Zhang Xinhua , Jones Robin L. , George Suzanne , Serrano César , Deng Yanhong , Bauer Sebastian , Cai Shirong , Wu Xin , Zhou Yongjian , Tao Kaixiong , Zheng Zhichao , Zhang Jun , Cui Yuehong , Cao Hui , Wang Meining , Hu Jin , Yang Jason , Li Jian , Shen Lin
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Table S1. Baseline demographics and disease characteristics of patients with GIST harboring only KIT mutations treated with avapritinib 300 mg QD in the phase I NAVIGATOR study (n = 131) and phase I/II CS3007-101 China bridging trial (n = 29), according to study analysis population.
Supplementary Table S3 from Phase Ia/b Study of Giredestrant ± Palbociclib and ± Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists in Estrogen Receptor–Positive, HER2-Negative, Locally Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Jhaveri Komal L. , Bellet Meritxell , Turner Nicholas C. , Loi Sherene , Bardia Aditya , Boni Valentina , Sohn Joohyuk , Neilan Tomas G. , Villanueva-Vázquez Rafael , Kabos Peter , García-Estévez Laura , López-Miranda Elena , Pérez-Fidalgo J. Alejandro , Pérez-García Jose M. , Yu Jiajie , Fredrickson Jill , Moore Heather M. , Chang Ching-Wei , Bond John W. , Eng-Wong Jennifer , Gates Mary R. , Lim Elgene
Published: February 2024

Table S3. Maximum post-baseline reduction of heart rate in the safety-evaluable population.
Supplementary Table 1 from Tumor-Specific Activity of Precision Medicines in the NCI-MATCH Trial
Authors: Zhou Ivvone , Plana Deborah , Palmer Adam C.
Published: February 2024

NCI-MATCH subprotocols with published results.
Supplementary Table S1 from TROP2 Is Associated with Primary Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Bessede Alban , Peyraud Florent , Besse Benjamin , Cousin Sophie , Cabart Mathilde , Chomy François , Rey Christophe , Lara Oren , Odin Ophélie , Nafia Imane , Vanhersecke Lucile , Barlesi Fabrice , Guégan Jean-Philippe , Italiano Antoine
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Table 1.
Characteristics of patients from OAK and POPLAR studies.
Supplementary Table S1 from A Dysfunctional T-cell Gene Signature for Predicting Nonresponse to PD-1 Blockade in Non–small Cell Lung Cancer That Is Suitable for Routine Clinical Diagnostics
Authors: Hummelink Karlijn , Tissier Renaud , Bosch Linda J.W. , Krijgsman Oscar , van den Heuvel Michel M. , Theelen Willemijn S.M.E. , Damotte Diane , Goldwasser François , Leroy Karen , Smit Egbert F. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Thommen Daniela S. , Monkhorst Kim
Published: February 2024

Overview of all analyzed biomarkers per patient.
Supplementary Figure S1 from A Composite Decision Rule of CD8+ T-cell Density in Tumor Biopsies Predicts Efficacy in Early-stage, Immunotherapy Trials
Authors: Dejardin David , Kraxner Anton , Blank Annika , Rieder Natascha , Teichgräber Volker , Städler Nicolas , Beyer Ulrich , Gomes Bruno , Charo Jehad
Published: February 2024

Representative images for CD8/Ki67 from HNSCC and cervical cancer biopsies.
Supplementary Table S3 from Therapy-Induced Senescence Contributes to the Efficacy of Abemaciclib in Patients with Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma
Authors: Gleason Caroline E. , Dickson Mark A. , Klein (Dooley) Mary E. , Antonescu Cristina R. , Gularte-Mérida Rodrigo , Benitez Marimar , Delgado Juliana I. , Kataru Raghu P. , Tan Mark Wei Yi , Bradic Martina , Adamson Travis E. , Seier Kenneth , Richards Allison L. , Palafox Marta , Chan Eric , D'Angelo Sandra P. , Gounder Mrinal M. , Keohan Mary Louise , Kelly Ciara M. , Chi Ping , Movva Sujana , Landa Jonathan , Crago Aimee M. , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Qin Li-Xuan , Serra Violetta , Turkekul Mesruh , Barlas Afsar , Firester Daniel M. , Manova-Todorova Katia , Mehrara Babak J. , Kovatcheva Marta , Tan Nguan Soon , Singer Samuel , Tap William D. , Koff Andrew
Published: February 2024

Association between clinical covariates and PFS
Supplementary Table S1 from Therapy-Induced Senescence Contributes to the Efficacy of Abemaciclib in Patients with Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma
Authors: Gleason Caroline E. , Dickson Mark A. , Klein (Dooley) Mary E. , Antonescu Cristina R. , Gularte-Mérida Rodrigo , Benitez Marimar , Delgado Juliana I. , Kataru Raghu P. , Tan Mark Wei Yi , Bradic Martina , Adamson Travis E. , Seier Kenneth , Richards Allison L. , Palafox Marta , Chan Eric , D'Angelo Sandra P. , Gounder Mrinal M. , Keohan Mary Louise , Kelly Ciara M. , Chi Ping , Movva Sujana , Landa Jonathan , Crago Aimee M. , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Qin Li-Xuan , Serra Violetta , Turkekul Mesruh , Barlas Afsar , Firester Daniel M. , Manova-Todorova Katia , Mehrara Babak J. , Kovatcheva Marta , Tan Nguan Soon , Singer Samuel , Tap William D. , Koff Andrew
Published: February 2024

Representativeness of Study Participants
Supplementary Table S2 from Comparison of Circulating Tumor DNA Assays for Molecular Residual Disease Detection in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Coakley Maria , Villacampa Guillermo , Sritharan Prithika , Swift Claire , Dunne Kathryn , Kilburn Lucy , Goddard Katie , Pipinikas Christodoulos , Rojas Patricia , Emmett Warren , Hall Peter , Harper-Wynne Catherine , Hickish Tamas , Macpherson Iain , Okines Alicia , Wardley Andrew , Wheatley Duncan , Waters Simon , Palmieri Carlo , Winter Matthew , Cutts Rosalind J. , Garcia-Murillas Isaac , Bliss Judith , Turner Nicholas C.
Published: February 2024

Characteristics of c-TRAK TN patient population in the full cohort (Total) and those with samples available for cross assay comparison.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Comparison of Circulating Tumor DNA Assays for Molecular Residual Disease Detection in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Coakley Maria , Villacampa Guillermo , Sritharan Prithika , Swift Claire , Dunne Kathryn , Kilburn Lucy , Goddard Katie , Pipinikas Christodoulos , Rojas Patricia , Emmett Warren , Hall Peter , Harper-Wynne Catherine , Hickish Tamas , Macpherson Iain , Okines Alicia , Wardley Andrew , Wheatley Duncan , Waters Simon , Palmieri Carlo , Winter Matthew , Cutts Rosalind J. , Garcia-Murillas Isaac , Bliss Judith , Turner Nicholas C.
Published: February 2024

Comparison of median lead time from ctDNA detection to relapse between dPCR and RaDaR assays using paired data in all individuals with relapse (n=40).
Supplementary Figure S12 from Therapy-Induced Senescence Contributes to the Efficacy of Abemaciclib in Patients with Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma
Authors: Gleason Caroline E. , Dickson Mark A. , Klein (Dooley) Mary E. , Antonescu Cristina R. , Gularte-Mérida Rodrigo , Benitez Marimar , Delgado Juliana I. , Kataru Raghu P. , Tan Mark Wei Yi , Bradic Martina , Adamson Travis E. , Seier Kenneth , Richards Allison L. , Palafox Marta , Chan Eric , D'Angelo Sandra P. , Gounder Mrinal M. , Keohan Mary Louise , Kelly Ciara M. , Chi Ping , Movva Sujana , Landa Jonathan , Crago Aimee M. , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Qin Li-Xuan , Serra Violetta , Turkekul Mesruh , Barlas Afsar , Firester Daniel M. , Manova-Todorova Katia , Mehrara Babak J. , Kovatcheva Marta , Tan Nguan Soon , Singer Samuel , Tap William D. , Koff Andrew
Published: February 2024

Quantification of the Abemaciclib induced changes in ANGPTL4 expression in each patient
Data from Intrinsic Subtype and Overall Survival of Patients with Advanced HR+/HER2− Breast Cancer Treated with Ribociclib and ET: Correlative Analysis of MONALEESA-2, -3, -7
Authors: Prat Aleix , Solovieff Nadia , André Fabrice , O'Shaughnessy Joyce , Cameron David A. , Janni Wolfgang , Sonke Gabe S. , Yap Yoon-Sim , Yardley Denise A. , Partridge Ann H. , Thuerigen Astrid , Zarate Juan Pablo , Lteif Agnes , Su Fei , Carey Lisa A.
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurpose:
The MONALEESA-2, -3, -7 trials demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) benefits with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy (ET) versus ET alone in hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC). Understanding the association of intrinsic subtypes with survival outcomes could potentially guide treatment decisions. Here, we evaluated the association of intrinsic subtypes with OS in MONALEESA-2, -3, -7.
Experimental Design:
Tumor samples from MONALEESA-2, -3, -7 underwent PAM50-based subtyping. The relationship between subtypes and OS was assessed using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Multivariable models were adjusted for clinical prognostic factors.
Results:
Overall, 990 tumors (among 2,066 patients) from ribociclib (n = 580) and placebo (n = 410) arms were profiled. Subtype distribution was luminal A, 54.5%; luminal B, 28.0%; HER2-enriched (HER2E) 14.6%; and basal-like, 2.8%; and was consistent across treatment arms. The luminal A subtype had the best OS outcomes in both arms, while basal-like had the worst. Patients with HER2E (HR, 0.60; P = 0.018), luminal B (HR, 0.69; P = 0.023), and luminal A (HR, 0.75; P = 0.021) subtypes derived OS benefit with ribociclib. Patients with basal-like subtype did not derive benefit from ribociclib (HR, 1.92; P = 0.137); however, patient numbers were small (n = 28).
Conclusions:
The prognostic value of intrinsic subtypes for OS was confirmed in this pooled analysis of the MONALEESA trials (largest dataset in HR+/HER2− ABC). While basal-like subtype did not benefit, a consistent OS benefit was observed with ribociclib added to ET across luminal and HER2E subtypes.
Data from A Dysfunctional T-cell Gene Signature for Predicting Nonresponse to PD-1 Blockade in Non–small Cell Lung Cancer That Is Suitable for Routine Clinical Diagnostics
Authors: Hummelink Karlijn , Tissier Renaud , Bosch Linda J.W. , Krijgsman Oscar , van den Heuvel Michel M. , Theelen Willemijn S.M.E. , Damotte Diane , Goldwasser François , Leroy Karen , Smit Egbert F. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Thommen Daniela S. , Monkhorst Kim
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Because PD-1 blockade is only effective in a minority of patients with advanced-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), biomarkers are needed to guide treatment decisions. Tumor infiltration by PD-1T tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), a dysfunctional TIL pool with tumor-reactive capacity, can be detected by digital quantitative IHC and has been established as a novel predictive biomarker in NSCLC. To facilitate translation of this biomarker to the clinic, we aimed to develop a robust RNA signature reflecting a tumor's PD-1T TIL status.
Experimental Design:
mRNA expression analysis using the NanoString nCounter platform was performed in baseline tumor samples from 41 patients with advanced-stage NSCLC treated with nivolumab that were selected on the basis of PD-1T TIL infiltration by IHC. Samples were included as a training cohort (n = 41) to develop a predictive gene signature. This signature was independently validated in a second cohort (n = 42). Primary outcome was disease control at 12 months (DC 12 m), and secondary outcome was progression-free and overall survival.
Results:
Regularized regression analysis yielded a signature using 12 out of 56 differentially expressed genes between PD-1T IHC-high tumors from patients with DC 12 m and PD-1T IHC-low tumors from patients with progressive disease (PD). In the validation cohort, 6/6 (100%) patients with DC 12 m and 23/36 (64%) with PD were correctly classified with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% and a positive predictive value of 32%.
Conclusions:
The PD-1T mRNA signature showed a similar high sensitivity and high NPV as the digital IHC quantification of PD-1T TIL. This finding provides a straightforward approach allowing for easy implementation in a routine diagnostic clinical setting.
Data from Osteosarcoma PDX-Derived Cell Line Models for Preclinical Drug Evaluation Demonstrate Metastasis Inhibition by Dinaciclib through a Genome-Targeted Approach
Authors: Schott Courtney R. , Koehne Amanda L. , Sayles Leanne C. , Young Elizabeth P. , Luck Cuyler , Yu Katherine , Lee Alex G. , Breese Marcus R. , Leung Stanley G. , Xu Hang , Shah Avanthi Tayi , Liu Heng-Yi , Spillinger Aviv , Behroozfard Inge H. , Marini Kieren D. , Dinh Phuong T. , Pons Ventura María V. , Vanderboon Emma N. , Hazard Florette K. , Cho Soo-Jin , Avedian Raffi S. , Mohler David G. , Zimel Melissa , Wustrack Rosanna , Curtis Christina , Sirota Marina , Sweet-Cordero E. Alejandro
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Models to study metastatic disease in rare cancers are needed to advance preclinical therapeutics and to gain insight into disease biology. Osteosarcoma is a rare cancer with a complex genomic landscape in which outcomes for patients with metastatic disease are poor. As osteosarcoma genomes are highly heterogeneous, multiple models are needed to fully elucidate key aspects of disease biology and to recapitulate clinically relevant phenotypes.
Experimental Design:
Matched patient samples, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and PDX-derived cell lines were comprehensively evaluated using whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing. The in vivo metastatic phenotype of the PDX-derived cell lines was characterized in both an intravenous and an orthotopic murine model. As a proof-of-concept study, we tested the preclinical effectiveness of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor on the growth of metastatic tumors in an orthotopic amputation model.
Results:
PDXs and PDX-derived cell lines largely maintained the expression profiles of the patient from which they were derived despite the emergence of whole-genome duplication in a subset of cell lines. The cell lines were heterogeneous in their metastatic capacity, and heterogeneous tissue tropism was observed in both intravenous and orthotopic models. Single-agent dinaciclib was effective at dramatically reducing the metastatic burden.
Conclusions:
The variation in metastasis predilection sites between osteosarcoma PDX-derived cell lines demonstrates their ability to recapitulate the spectrum of the disease observed in patients. We describe here a panel of new osteosarcoma PDX-derived cell lines that we believe will be of wide use to the osteosarcoma research community.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Pim Kinase Inhibitors Increase Gilteritinib Cytotoxicity in FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia Through GSK-3β Activation and c-Myc and Mcl-1 Proteasomal Degradation
Authors: Lee Jonelle K. , Chatterjee Aditi , Scarpa Mario , Bailey Christopher M. , Niyongere Sandrine , Singh Prerna , Mustafa Ali Moaath K. , Kapoor Shivani , Wang Yin , Silvestri Giovannino , Baer Maria R.
Published: February 2024

Apoptosis dot plots