bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effectiveness, Safety, and Satisfaction Rates of Phenol 90%, Trichloroacetic Acid 100%, and Radiofrequency in Lateral Matricectomy for the Treatment of Ingrown Toenails: A Triple‐Arm Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghassemi Mohammadreza , Keshavarz Zahra , Behrangi Elham , Bazargan Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh , Jafarzadeh Alireza , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and satisfaction rates of three different lateral matricectomy methods for treating ingrown toenails: 90% phenol, 100% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and radiofrequency (RF) ablation. Our objective was to identify which method offers superior outcomes regarding postoperative pain, healing time, aesthetic results, and complication rates.

Methods

Conducted between August 2022 and June 2023, the study included 12 eligible patients divided into three groups: Group 1 underwent lateral matricectomy with 90% phenol, Group 2 with 100% TCA, and Group 3 with RF treatment. Preoperative assessments were conducted, and patients were followed up on the day after surgery and at Weeks 1, 2, and 3, as well as at Months 1, 2, 6, and 9 postoperatively (totaling nine assessments). Pain levels were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while wound discharge and bleeding were rated on specified scales.

Results

Mean pre‐ and postoperative (second day) pain scores were 6.0 ± 3.3 and 0.75 ± 0.67 for Group 1, 6.25 ± 4.92 and 1.75 ± 0.58 for Group 2, and 6.25 ± 2.25 and 3.50 ± 0.50 for Group 3, with significant differences observed. RF treatment showed higher moderate postoperative pain compared to mild pain in the phenol and TCA groups. Average healing time was 22.75 ± 3.50 days (phenol), 40 ± 12.91 days (TCA), and 26.25 ± 6.70 days (RF), with phenol demonstrating faster healing, although differences were statistically insignificant. The median aesthetic outcomes favored phenol with a score of 5.0.

Conclusion

Lateral matricectomy with 90% phenol, 100% TCA, and RF all provide unique advantages for ingrown toenail treatment. Phenol exhibited high success rates, minimal complications, faster healing, and excellent aesthetic outcomes.

Trial Registration

IRCT, IRCT20220228054152N1. Registered 03 January 2023, https://www.irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/65907.
Soil Texture‐Based Parameterisation and Hydrological Insights of a Fully Coupled Surface and Subsurface Model at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, USA
Authors: Norouzi‐Moghanjoghi Karim , Fakhraei Habibollah , Valipour Mahnaz , Driscoll Charles T.
Published: January 2025

Parameterisation of fully coupled integrated hydrological models is challenging. The state‐of‐the‐art hydrogeology models rely on solutions of coupled surface and subsurface partial differential equations. Calibration of these models with traditional optimisation methods are not yet viable due to the high computational costs. Prior knowledge of the range of the parameters can be helpful as a starting point, however, due to natural variations, abstractions and conceptualizations used in modelling, a systematic exploration of the variable space is needed. In this study, we utilise the natural clustering of the soils based on their saturated and unsaturated hydraulic behaviour derived from soil texture maps in conjunction with two level Latin hypercube sampling to effectively explore model parameter spaces. Soil texture maps are similar to USDA soil classifications; however, the objective is to classify the soil based on their unsaturated behaviour, rather than soil texture. The method has never been utilised in the modelling and the results show that it can be applied to larger watersheds. The area of study is Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, a northern hardwood forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, USA. An average Nash–Sutcliffe value of 0.80 is achieved for hourly discharge for the eight streams in the catchment. The Nash–Sutcliffe measure shows a 7% improvement with the addition of the snow melt and evapotranspiration parameters in the second stage. Exchange flux patterns vary seasonally in the catchment with largest infiltration occurring in spring.
Artemisinin inhibits breast cancer‐induced osteolysis by inhibiting osteoclast formation and breast cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Li Jia , Feng Wenyu , Lu Huiping , Wei Yan , Ma Shiting , Wei Linfeng , Liu Qian , Zhao Jinmin , Wei Qingjun , Yao Jun
Published: January 2025

In addition to being used to treat malaria, artemisinin (Art) can be used as an anti‐inflammatory and antitumor agent. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Art on osteoclast formation and activation and on the development of breast cancer cells in bone. To evaluate the effect of Art on osteoclast differentiation in vitro, we treated bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) with various concentrations of Art and evaluated the expression of genes and proteins involved in osteoclast formation. We also performed cell counting kit‐8 assays to evaluate the toxicity of Art in BMMs and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. We also performed Transwell assays, wound‐healing assays, colony formation assays, and cell apoptosis assays to evaluate the effect of Art in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. We also evaluated the effect of Art in an in vivo osteoclast bone resorption assay using a nude mouse model. We demonstrated that Art inhibits the differentiation and establishment of osteoclasts even though Art is not toxic to osteoclasts. In addition, Art reduced expression of genes involved in osteoclast formation and inhibited osteoclast bone resorption in a concentration‐dependent manner. Based on our data, we believe that Art can inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells by activating apoptosis pathways, and inhibit osteoclast formation and differentiation by inhibiting activation of cathepsin K, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit D2, nuclear factor of activated T cells 1, calcitonin receptor, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and by inhibiting nuclear factor‐κB activation.
Distinct molecular properties and functions of small EV subpopulations isolated from human umbilical cord MSCs using tangential flow filtration combined with size exclusion chromatography
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Xinyu , Chen Yating , Yuan Jiapei , Zhang Huiyu , Jin Xin , Jiang Yuying , Cao Junjing , Wang Zibin , Yang Shuo , Wang Bingwei , Wu Tinghe , Li Jing
Published: January 2025

As functional derivatives of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have garnered significant attention and application in regenerative medicine. However, the technical limitations for large‐scale isolation of sEVs and their heterogeneous nature have added complexity to their applications. It remains unclear if the heterogeneous sEVs represent different aspects of MSCs functions. Here, we provide a method for the large‐scale production of sEVs subpopulations derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSCs), utilizing tangential flow filtration combined with size exclusion chromatography. The resulting subpopulations, S1‐sEVs and S2‐sEVs, exhibited stable variations in size, membrane‐marked proteins, and carrying cargos, thereby displaying distinct functions both in vitro and in animal disease models. S1‐sEVs, that highly expressed CD9, HRS and GPC1, demonstrated a greater immunomodulatory impact, while S2‐sEVs with enriched expression of CD63 and FLOT1/2 possessed enhanced capacities in promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. These discrepancies are attributed to the specific proteins and miRNAs they contain. Further investigation revealed that the two distinct sEVs subpopulations corresponded to different biological processes: the ESCRT pathway (S1‐sEVs) and the ESCRT‐independent pathway represented by lipid rafts (S2‐sEVs). Therefore, we propose the potential for large‐scale isolation and purification of sEVs subpopulations from HucMSCs with distinct functions. This approach may provide advantages for targeted therapeutic interventions in various MSC indications.
A simple polydopamine‐based platform for engineering extracellular vesicles with brain‐targeting peptide and imaging probes to improve stroke outcome
Authors: Shi Xiaojing , Zhang Lu , Wu Shengju , Zhang Chunfu , Mamtilahun Muyassar , Li Yongfang , Zhang Zhijun , Zuo Changjing , Cui Fengzhen , Li Wanlu , Yang Guo‐Yuan , Tang Yaohui
Published: January 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great potential for treating various diseases. Translating EVs‐based therapy from bench to bedside remains challenging due to inefficient delivery of EVs to the injured area and lack of techniques to visualize the entire targeting process. Here we developed a dopamine surface functionalization platform that facilitates easy and simultaneous conjugation of targeting peptide and multi‐mode imaging probes to the surface of EVs. Utilizing this platform we concurrently modified M2 microglia‐derived EVs (M2‐EVs) with neuronal targeting peptide rabies virus glycoprotein peptide 29 (RVG29) and multi‐modal imaging tracers, resulting in the targeted delivery of M2‐EVs to stroke mice brain and enabled the dynamic visualization of the targeting process from whole‐body to cellular levels. We determined that intra‐arterial injection achieved the highest efficiency of targeted delivery of engineered EVs to the stroke mice brain, improved therapeutic efficacy by reducing neuronal apoptosis. Mechanistically, EVs miRNA array revealed that a number of anti‐apoptosis related miRNAs were significantly up‐regulated, including miR‐221‐3p and miR‐423‐3p, both exerted anti‐apoptotic effects through p38/ERK signalling pathways in stroke. Overall, this platform provides a facile and powerful tool for multifunctional engineering of EVs for multiscale therapeutic evaluation and enhancement of EV‐based therapy, with valuable prospects for clinical translation.
Maximal Degrees in Subgraphs of Kneser Graphs
Authors: Frankl Peter , Kupavskii Andrey
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we study the maximum degree in nonempty‐induced subgraphs of the Kneser graph . One of the main results asserts that, for and , whenever a nonempty subgraph has vertices, its maximum degree is at least . This bound is essentially best possible. One of the intermediate steps is to obtain structural results on nonempty subgraphs with small maximum degree.
Shear Wave Elastography in AV Fistula Thrombosis
Authors: Dablan Ali , Özdemir Merve Şam , Karagülle Mehmet , Altun Ömer , Cingöz Mehmet , Arslan Mustafa Fatih
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To evaluate the role of shear wave elastography (SWE) in distinguishing acute from subacute thrombi in thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and explore the relationship between thrombus stiffness and outcomes of balloon angioplasty.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study included 44 dialysis patients with thrombosed AVFs from June 2022 to June 2024. Patients underwent Doppler ultrasound and SWE to assess thrombus age, followed by balloon angioplasty. Based on ultrasound findings and clinical history, patients were classified into acute and subacute thrombus groups. SWE was used to measure thrombus stiffness (kPa values). Procedural outcomes, including technical and clinical success, and primary and secondary patency, were compared between groups.

Results

The study included 23 patients with acute and 21 with subacute thrombus. SWE measurements (average, median, and maximum kPa) were significantly higher in subacute thrombi (P < .001). A strong positive correlation existed between thrombus age and kPa values (r = .770, r = .727, r = .835). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed SWE could effectively distinguish acute from subacute thrombi, with an average cut‐off of 31.733 kPa (sensitivity: 90.5%, specificity: 73.9%). No significant correlation was found between SWE values and procedural outcomes (P > .05).

Conclusion

SWE is a promising tool for assessing thrombus age in AVF thrombosis, effectively differentiating between acute and subacute thrombi. Although it did not predict procedural success, SWE could complement existing imaging for improved thrombus characterization and treatment planning.
First Palmar Intermetacarpal Flap for Congenital First Web Contracture: A Case Series
Authors: Gonzalez‐Morgado Diego , Sinclair Vivian , Shen Xiao F. , Buendía‐Pérez Javier , Rojas‐Neira Juliana , Soldado Francisco
Published: January 2025

Background

Pediatric first web space contractures of the hand can lead to disability in hand function. Several techniques have been proposed for treating this condition. Recently, a new technique involving the first palmar cutaneous flap was described in a cadaveric study. This report aimed to elucidate the clinical outcomes of the first palmar intermetacarpal flap in patients with congenital first web space contractures.

Patients and Methods

Case series of patients with moderate‐to‐severe first web contracture underwent surgery with the first palmar intermetacarpal flap. The variables included age, sex, diagnosis, preoperative and postoperative first intermetacarpal angle (IMCA), associated surgical procedures, postoperative complications, and follow‐up time.

Results

Ten patients with a median age of 4 years and 8 months (range: 1 year and 5 months–16 years and 6 months) underwent surgery on a total of 12 hands. The median follow‐up was 25 months (range: 12–49 months). IMCA increased in all patients following surgery, from a preoperative median of 20° (range: 0°–20°) to a postoperative median 40° (range: 30°–40°). Associated surgical procedures were performed in eight cases. Five simple complications occurred, including four cases of full‐thickness skin graft pigmentation and one case of distal flap tip dehiscence.

Conclusions

The first palmar intermetacarpal flap is an effective option in the surgical management of moderate‐to‐severe first web contractures.
Technical note: Optimizing the deliverability of binary collimation‐based SRS treatment for multiple metastases with multiple prescriptions
Authors: Lee Eva , Thomas Christopher G. , Syme Alasdair , MacDonald R. Lee
Published: January 2025

intra‐arc binary collimation (iABC) is a novel treatment technique in which dynamic conformal arcs are periodically interrupted with binary collimation. It has demonstrated its utility through planning studies for the treatment of multiple metastases. However, the binary collimation approach is idealized in the planning system, while the treatment deliveries must adhere to the physical limitations of the mechanical systems involved [e.g., multi‐leaf collimation (MLC) leaf speed]. This work focuses on optimizing the delivery of the binary collimation‐based stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy (SRS/SRT) plans on a Varian TrueBeam accelerator, considering both dosimetric fidelity and treatment efficiency as variables. A transition window (TW) was defined as the fraction of a control point (CP) during which the requested MLC motion must be completed. The width of TWs was varied between 0% (or step‐and‐shoot which represents the idealized dose distribution), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. A variable TW approach was also studied. Delivery accuracy was quantified with gamma analysis (gamma criteria 5%/2mm) on a PTW Octavius detector. The total beam‐on‐time was manually recorded. Smaller TWs were associated with more accurate dose deliveries and longer treatment delivery times. The variable TW method was found to be an effective compromise, achieving an average gamma pass rate of 98% and an average delivery time of 9 min.
Evaluating Activated Carbon Dopped PVA/Starch Membrane as a Tissue Patch
Authors: Yıldırım Meryem Akkurt , Çelikkaya Neslişah , Denktaş Cenk
Published: January 2025

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and starch (St) are recognized as promising materials for developing artificial tissues. This study doped PVA/St composites with activated carbon (AC) and crosslinked by tannic acid. The effects of carbon concentrations on PVA/St composites were investigated in terms of changes in morphological, thermal, mechanical, swelling, and biological behaviors. The utilization of AC‐doped PVA/St membranes as tissue patches were evaluated. The Young's Modulus [Ey (MPa), %22, 53] and tensile strength [σT(MPa), %28, 28] of AC doped PVA/St membranes were decreased due to the entanglement between the chains and, the brittleness of the composite increased. The FTIR analysis revealed that the hydrogen bond density and thermal stability increased. The hydrophobicity of all samples ranged from 75.35° to 65.52°. The hydrophobicity of the membranes was determined between 75.35° and 65.52°. It was determined that PVA/starch tissue patches with different ratios of AC did not present any toxic effects on the L929 fibroblast cell line. Besides, AC has been found to increase cell viability. The cell adhesion decreased by 1%–7% with the increase amount of AC. The incorporation of AC into PVA/St composites has been found to increase oxidant levels while decreasing antioxidant activity.
Melt Electrowriting for Biomimetic Tissue Engineering: Advances in Scaffold Design, Materials, and Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Yin Yunlei , Yang Hao , Han Wenyuan , Guo Cheng , Mu Qianqian , Yang Hongying , Chen Dongyi
Published: January 2025

Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an emerging 3D printing technology that can precisely fabricate micro‐nano fibrous scaffolds and has significant application prospects in tissue engineering. This paper reviews the latest progress of MEW in tissue engineering scaffold fabrication, including its working principle, key design factors, and various processable biomaterials. The enhancement of scaffold function through filler addition, post‐treatment modification, and combining MEW with other manufacturing technologies are discussed. The application of MEW in bone, cartilage, blood vessel, nerve, and periodontal tissue engineering is analyzed. Finally, the challenges MEW technology faces, such as material limitations, equipment reliability, and process complexity, are highlighted, and future development directions to promote the wide application of MEW in biomedical and other fields are proposed.
Isolation of a Unique Monoterpene Diperoxy Dimer From Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana Together With Triterpenes With Antidiabetic Properties
Authors: Malaník Milan , Treml Jakub , Kubínová Renata , Vávrová Gabriela , Oravec Michal , Marek Jaromír , Zhaparkulova Karlygash , Ibragimova Liliya , Bekezhanova Tolkyn , Karaubayeva Aigerim , Sakipova Zuriyadda , Šmejkal Karel
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.f. is used in traditional medicine for various purposes. Previous phytochemical studies focused on phenolic compounds, but triterpenoids were almost overlooked.

Objective

The study focused on the isolation of compounds with dual antidiabetic activity from the aerial parts of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana.

Materials and Methods

Separation of CHCl3‐soluble fraction by silica gel column chromatography using different mobile phases and purification of compounds by semi‐preparative HPLC or preparative TLC. The structures of pure compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments along with HRMS. Compound 1 was additionally identified by the single crystal X‐ray diffraction method. α‐Glucosidase inhibitory assay and GLUT4 expression and translocation in C2C12 myotubes were conducted to evaluate antidiabetic potential of isolated compounds.

Results

This phytochemical study led to the isolation of 20 compounds, including a unique monoterpene diperoxy dimer (1). Compounds 7 and 9–11 displayed more potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 45.3–135.3 μM) than acarbose used as a positive control (IC50 264.7 μM), while only pomolic acid (5) increased GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myotubes in a significant manner.

Conclusion

Extensive chromatographic separation led to the isolation and identification of a unique monoterpene diperoxy dimer (1) from aerial parts of Z. clinopodioides subsp. bungeana. Some triterpenes inhibited α‐glucosidase, another increased GLUT4 translocation. Although none of the isolated compounds demonstrated dual antidiabetic activity, selected triterpenes proved to be potent antidiabetic agents in vitro.
Anti‐tumoural activity of 3D printed fluorohydroxyapatite–polylactic acid scaffolds combined with graphene oxide and doxorubicin
Authors: Agsous Maissa , Hafit Khireddine , Yala Sabeha , Oktay Busra , Bingöl Ayşe Betül , Şenel İlkay , Üstündağ Cem Bülent
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the synthesis of fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA), and the realization of scaffolds by 3D printing using polylactic acid (PLA) as polymer and graphene oxide (GO). The synthesis of FHA was carried out by the usual sol–gel method. The realization of the 3D scaffold was achieved with the 3D printing method. Four scaffolds were printed with PLA: the first was made with FHA and PLA (FHA/PLA), the second was made with GO in addition to FHA and PLA (FHA/PLA/GO), and the third and fourth ones were the FHA/PLA and FHA/PLA/GO scaffolds coated with electrosprayed hydrogel solution of doxorubicin (DOX) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA): FHA/PLA/DOX/PVA and FHA/PLA/GO/DOX/PVA. The FHA and GO powders were characterized using Fourier transform infrared analysis and X‐ray diffraction analysis. A dissolution study was carried out with different contents of PVA (2.5%, 3% and 4%) to identify the scaffold with the best drug release profile. The 3% w/w PVA hydrogel solution was the best, so the drug release kinetics and drug release mechanism were studied using the most famous mathematical models: zero‐order model, Higuchi's model and Korsmeyer–Peppas model (power law model). The porosity of the 3D printed scaffolds was assessed by SEM and, finally, the cellular response of each scaffold on the viability of CDD human fibroblast cells was evaluated using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The sol–gel synthesis produces FHA, used in the realization of the scaffolds. The scaffolds have mixed porosity (macropores and micropores) promoting cell adhesion and proliferation, as shown by the results of the MTT assay. The addition of GO decreases the cell viability but keeps the scaffolds still biocompatible, and adding both DOX and GO to the FHA/PLA scaffolds has a negative impact on cell viability because DOX and GO remain toxic at the given percentages. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chloroplast Vesiculation and Induced Chloroplast Vesiculation and Senescence‐Associated Gene 12 Expression During Tomato Flower Pedicel Abscission
Authors: Žnidarič Magda Tušek , Zagorščak Maja , Ramšak Živa , Stare Katja , Chersicola Marko , Novak Maruša Pompe , Kladnik Aleš , Dermastia Marina
Published: January 2025

Abscission is a tightly regulated process in which plants shed unnecessary, infected, damaged, or aging organs, as well as ripe fruits, through predetermined abscission zones in response to developmental, hormonal, and environmental signals. Despite its importance, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study highlights the deleterious effects of abscission on chloroplast ultrastructure in the cells of the tomato flower pedicel abscission zone, revealing spatiotemporal differential gene expression and key transcriptional networks involved in chloroplast vesiculation during abscission. Significant changes in chloroplast structure and vesicle formation were observed 8 and 14 h after abscission induction, coinciding with the differential expression of vesiculation‐related genes, particularly with upregulation of Senescence‐Associated Gene 12 (SAG12) and Chloroplast Vesiculation (CV). This suggests a possible vesicle transport of chloroplast degrading material for recycling by autophagy‐independent senescence‐associated vacuoles (SAVs) and CV‐containing vesicles (CCVs). Ethylene signaling appears to be involved in the regulation of these processes, as treatment with a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action, 1‐methylcyclopropene, delayed vesiculation, reduced the expression of SAG12, and increased expression of Curvature Thylakoid 1A (CURT1A). In addition, chloroplast vesiculation during abscission was associated with differential expression of photosynthesis‐related genes, particularly those involved in light reactions, underscoring the possible functional impact of the observed structural changes. This work provides new insights into the molecular and ultrastructural mechanisms underlying abscission and offers potential new targets for agricultural or biotechnological applications.
Thermal Treatment Inducing the Building Up of Tailor‐Made Chitosan Films Containing Gallic Acid
Authors: Raspo Matías A. , Gomez Cesar G. , Andreatta Alfonsina E.
Published: January 2025

The building up of chitosan (CS)/gallic acid (GA) films was performed by casting method, thermally pre‐processing the reaction mixture at several temperatures and process times. This study focused on the thermal treatment impact on the antioxidant activity, mechanical deformation at break, water vapor diffusion, and surface CS film features. It is found that the thermal energy promotes the diffusion of species through CS chains as well as the GA interaction with the polysaccharide, producing films with different structural organizations. Since the crosslinking degree depends on the energy received by the system, heterogeneous materials with a low chain crosslinking and a high free GA content are generated at 40°C, while homogeneous films with covalently crosslinking are mostly generated from 50°C. The free GA availability within segregated CS film regions favors the antioxidant activity, but also the polyphenol interaction with the polysaccharide decreases the crystallinity and elastic modulus, increasing the tensile strength and elongation at break. Since a threshold of 516 kJ energy received regulates the transition from heterogeneous to homogeneous films can be thermally tuned. This discovery represents a controlling synthetic factor critical to the design of materials with unique characteristics such as those required for food packaging.
A Systematic Review of Cancer‐Related Trauma and Growth in Caregivers Across the Lifespan
Authors: Benedict Erinne , Landa Fruma , Shaykevich Aaron , Patton Caroline Delbourgo , Mitchell Hannah‐Rose
Published: January 2025

Background

Family members can be required to take on the role of “caregiver” at any stage of life, causing disruption and psychological distress. This review sought to describe the traumatic impact (i.e., posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) of cancer caregiving across the lifespan.

Aims

This systematic review characterizes the current literature on cancer caregiver PTSS and PTG through a developmental lens with respect to caregiver age and their relationship to the patient.

Methods

Three electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo) were searched for relevant studies using a combination of controlled vocabulary and text words. Studies were limited to English‐language only articles, but not limited by geography or publication date. A literature review management tool, Covidence, was used to screen for article eligibility as well as for data extraction and article quality assessment.

Results

A final total of 275 studies underwent data extraction and quality assessment. Studies indicated that at all ages, caregivers experience PTSS. A gap in the literature was identified for child (< 18) and older adult (65+) caregivers. At other ages, most studies found elevated PTG in caregivers. Small variations of number of studies finding PTSS and PTG were found across age ranges.

Conclusions

Posttraumatic stress and growth appear to be experienced across the lifespan. However certain age groups are under‐researched. Few studies focus on younger or older caregivers, especially in respect to PTG. There is a crucial need for studies in caregivers, particularly in these groups to fully address and support their unique caregiving needs and current population‐based research does not attempt to depict the proportion of cancer caregivers at different developmental stages.
Course of Mental Disorders in Early Cancer Survivorship in Relation to Socioeconomic Status: A Multi‐Center Prospective Longitudinal Study (LUPE)
Authors: Springer Franziska , Goerling Ute , Zimmermann Tanja , Ernst Jochen , Engel Christoph , Hermann Myriel , Esser Peter , Hornemann Beate , Keilholz Ulrich , Lordick Florian , Knesebeck Olaf von dem , Kissane David , Mehnert‐Theuerkauf Anja
Published: January 2025

Objective

Individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) exhibit higher rates of mental disorders; however, data in oncological populations are insufficient. This study investigated the course of DSM‐5 mental disorders in cancer patients, stratified by SES, over a period of 1.5 years following initial cancer diagnosis.

Methods

This multi‐center prospective longitudinal study assessed cancer patients within two months of cancer diagnosis (t1), and at 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐month follow‐up (t2–t4) using the SCID‐5 interview for mental disorders based on DSM‐5 criteria. Chi‐square‐tests were tested for frequency changes over time. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was applied with fixed effects for SES and time on mental disorders.

Results

Out of 1030 patients with a SCID‐5 at baseline (53.2% men, 60 years), 821, 719 and 654 participated at respective follow‐ups. The most common diagnoses were skin and prostate cancer. Point prevalence of mental disorders was 20.9% at baseline, decreasing to 18.2%, 14.6%, and 15.0% (t2–t4; χ2 (3) = 15.3, p = 0.002). Patients with low SES consistently showed highest prevalence rates, whereas patients with high SES showed decreasing rates of mental disorders over time, with a main effect of time (χ2 (3) = 19.9, p < 0.001) and SES (χ2 (2) = 8.8, p = 0.01) in the GLMM. Two thirds never met diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder. Sensitivity analysis among study completers (n = 592) revealed a similar pattern to the main analysis.

Conclusions

Cancer patients with low SES exhibit impaired coping with cancer‐related stressors, increasing their risk for mental disorders. Social disparities affect physical and mental health, possibly via health behavior or health literacy, and need to be addressed by tailored survivorship care planning.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Pathogens in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Children With Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Yiheng , Zheng Yu , Zhao Yong , Dai Hongchen , Li Guitao , Zhu Ying
Published: January 2025

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly altered the etiological spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric respiratory diseases, and a profound understanding of these changes is crucial for guiding clinical treatment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the etiological patterns and epidemiological features of pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from children with pediatric lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) after the COVID‐19 pandemic, with the aim of providing effective therapeutic evidence for clinical practice.

Methods

This study enrolled pediatric patients diagnosed with LRTIs who were treated and underwent BALF pathogen detection at our hospital from June 1, 2023, to June 1, 2024. Demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of the patients, along with the results of BALF pathogen detection, were meticulously collected and subsequently analyzed.

Results

A total of 682 children with LRTIs who underwent BALF examinations were included in this study. In pediatric LRTIs, winter was the peak season for disease onset. Regarding diagnostic categories, lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia were the most common diseases, representing 62.5% and 27.1% of diagnosed cases, respectively. The vast majority of pediatric patients showed complete recovery in clinical symptoms or imaging findings within 2 weeks after receiving treatment. The BALF examination results revealed that the five most frequently identified pathogens were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (83.1%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.3%), Haemophilus influenzae (16.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.7%), and Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (11.3%).

Conclusion

The etiological spectrum of pediatric LRTIs is complex, necessitating targeted clinical treatments tailored to the predominant pathogens.
Zika and Dengue Virus Autoimmunity: An Overview of Related Disorders and Their Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Feifan , Xu Yuanze , Liu Xing , Xu Yan , Wang Yan , Jiang Donghui , Du Pengfei
Published: January 2025

Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are two major mosquito‐borne flaviviruses that pose a significant threat to the global public health system, particularly in tropical regions. The clinical outcomes related to these viral pathogens can vary from self‐limiting asymptomatic infections to various forms of life‐threatening pathological conditions such as haemorrhagic disorders. In addition to the direct effects of the viral pathogens, immune processes play also a significant function in the development of diseases mediated by ZIKV and DENV. Studing these processes is important for developing safer vaccines and targeted therapeutic strategies. These viruses have been reported to trigger various autoimmune disorders affecting different parts of human organ systems. It also has been shown that preexisting immunity to ZIKV or DENV can impact the outcome of subsequent infections caused by another virus. ZIKV and DENV infection can promote the development of autoimmune disorders by different mechanisms, such as molecular mimicry and autoantibody formation. The present review provides an overview of various autoimmune disorders associated with ZIKV and DENV infection and their potential underlying mechanisms.
Toward the Optimization of a Perovskite‐Based Room Temperature Ozone Sensor: A Multifaceted Approach in Pursuit of Sensitivity, Stability, and Understanding of Mechanism
Authors: Argyrou Aikaterini , Giappa Rafaela Maria , Gagaoudakis Emmanouil , Binas Vassilios , Remediakis Ioannis , Brintakis Konstantinos , Kostopoulou Athanasia , Stratakis Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted significant attention owing to their simple manufacturing process and unique optoelectronic properties. Their reversible electrical or optical property changes in response to oxidizing or reducing environments make them prospective materials for gas detection technologies. Despite advancements in perovskite‐based sensor research, the mechanisms behind perovskite‐gas interactions, vital for sensor performance, are still inconclusive. This work presents the first evaluation of the sensing performance and long‐term stability of MHPs, considering factors such as halide composition variation and Mn doping levels. The research reveals a clear correlation between halide composition and sensing behavior, with Br‐rich sensors displaying a p‐type response to O3 gas, while Cl‐rich counterparts exhibit n‐type sensing behavior. Notably, Mn‐doping significantly enhances O3 sensing performance by facilitating the gas adsorption process, as supported by both atomistic simulations and experimental evidence. Long‐term evaluation of the sensors provides valuable insights into evolving sensing behaviors, highlighting the impact of dynamic instabilities over time. Overall, this research offers insights into optimal halide combination and Mn‐doping levels, representing a significant step forward in engineering room temperature perovskite‐based gas sensors that are not only low‐cost and high‐performing but also durable, marking a new era in sensor technology.
In Situ Proefferocytosis Microspheres as Macrophage Polarity Converters Accelerate Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Wang Yong , Pu Chaoyu , Han Zeyu , Du Yawei , Chen Liang , Huang Yanran , Luo Yue , Xiang Chao , He Jiangtao , Chen Lu , Cui Wenguo , Jiang Ke , Li Yuling
Published: January 2025

Efferocytosis in macrophages typically engages an anti‐inflammatory positive feedback regulatory mechanism. In osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by imbalanced inflammatory homeostasis, the proinflammatory state of macrophages in the immune microenvironment can be reversed through enhanced efferocytosis. This study develops an in situ proefferocytosis hydrogel microsphere (macrophage polarity converter, H‐C@IL) for OA treatment. Immunoliposomes (IL), CD16/32 antibody‐modified clodronate liposomes, are initially prepared using the Re‐emulsion method. Then, the IL is loaded into CCL19‐modified HAMA microspheres through microfluidic technology. In vitro, H‐C@IL can specifically recruit M0 and M1 macrophages via CCL19, induce apoptosis in M1 macrophages through secondary targeting with IL, and provide “Find/Eat‐me” signals to enhance in situ efferocytosis. Additionally, it promotes macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype. In vivo, behavioral, imaging, and histological analyses demonstrate that H‐C@IL effectively facilitates macrophage polarization toward M2, inhibits inflammation, and promotes cartilage regeneration. Mechanistically, H‐C@IL enhances efferocytosis by activating proteins such as PROS1 and TIMD4 in M0 macrophages. Concurrently, signaling pathways, including PQLC2‐Arg‐Rac1 and Pbx1/IL‐10, are activated to drive the polarization of macrophages from M0 to M2. In summary, H‐C@IL promotes M0 macrophage efferocytosis in situ, facilitates macrophage polarization toward M2, restores inflammatory homeostasis, and promotes cartilage regeneration, offering a comprehensive treatment strategy for OA.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of 2D Nonlayered CuInSe2 for Vacancy‐Assisted Broadband Photodetection
Authors: Wang Yuying , Xue Qichao , Zhang Jincheng , Wang Yu , Wang Jiayang , Li Guiying , Yang Chenying , Shao Yuchuan , Liang Tao
Published: January 2025

The properties and device applications of 2D semiconductors are highly sensitive to intrinsic structural defects due to their ultrathin nature. CuInSe2 (CIS) materials own excellent optoelectronic properties and ordered copper vacancies, making them widely applicable in photovoltaic and photodetection fields. However, the synthesis of 2D CIS nanoflakes remains challenging due to the nonlayered structure, multielement composition, and the competitive growth of various by‐products, which further hinders the exploration of vacancy‐related optoelectronic devices. Here, 2D CIS nanoflakes are successfully synthesized using a molecular sieve‐assisted chemical vapor deposition process. The anisotropic van der Waals growth with well‐defined exposed facets is closely associated with the presence of the molecular sieve. Electron microscopy techniques reveal the ordered copper vacancies within the as‐grown 2D crystals, extending the optical absorption to the near‐infrared region. Consequently, 2D CIS nanoflake‐based photodetectors exhibit broadband photodetection capabilities (470 to 1550 nm) and exceptional performance, such as a high responsivity of 11 A W−1, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2143%, and a fast response speed of ≈46.5 ms under an incident wavelength of 637 nm, highlighting their promising potential in next‐generation optoelectronics.
Functional Injectable Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration: Regulation of the circSRPK1/miR‐320a Axis and Targeting Multiple Osteogenic Pathways via CDH2 and Osterix Genes
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Mao Xiaowei , Li Dandan , Zhao Yanran , Yang Xingdong , Zheng Zhibo , Liu Xudong , Lv Zehui , Cai Xuejie , Weng Xisheng , Zhang Hongyu , Feng Bin
Published: January 2025

Hydrogels loaded with microRNA (miRNA) have shown promise in bone‐defect repair. Here, we present the first report of miRNA‐loaded hydrogels containing bioactivities to treat steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH), based on the mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs. Transcriptome sequencing of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) extracted from the proximal femoral bone marrow and subsequent functional assays revealed that the circSRPK1/miR‐320a axis promotes HBMSCs osteogenic differentiation. By incorporating antagomir‐320a (a miR‐320a inhibitor) encapsulated in liposomes into injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, we constructed an injectable hydrogel, HA@antagomir‐320a. This hydrogel demonstrated exceptional osteogenic properties, targeting multiple osteogenic pathways via CDH2 and Osterix and exhibited excellent in vitro biocompatibility. In vivo, it substantially enhanced bone formation in the osteonecrotic area of the femoral head. This injectable HA@antagomir‐320a hydrogel, which exhibited exceptional biocompatibility and osteogenic properties in vivo and in vitro, offers a promising and minimally invasive solution for the treatment of SONFH.
CRISPR‐mediated mutation of cytokinin signaling genes (SlHP2 and SlHP3) in tomato: Morphological, physiological, and molecular characterization
Authors: Aydin Abdullah , Yerlikaya Bayram Ali , Yerlikaya Seher , Yilmaz Nisa Nur , Kavas Musa
Published: January 2025

Synergistic and antagonistic relationships between cytokinins and other plant growth regulators are important in response to changing environmental conditions. Our study aimed to determine the functions of SlHP2 and SlHP3, two members of cytokinin signaling in tomato, in drought stress response using CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis. Ten distinct genome‐edited lines were generated via Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated gene transfer and confirmed through Sanger sequencing. Stress experiments were conducted with two of these lines (slhp2,3‐10 and slhp2,3‐11), which harbored homozygous mutations in both genes. The responses of two lines carrying homozygous mutations in both genes under polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐induced stress were examined using morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular methods. The genome‐edited lines demonstrated enhanced water retention, reduced stomatal density, and less oxidative damage compared to the wild‐type plants under PEG‐induced stress. Moreover, the slhp2,3 double mutant plants exhibited improved root growth, showcasing their superior drought tolerance over wild‐type plants by accessing deeper water sources and maintaining hydration in water‐limited environments. To investigate the involvement of cytokinin signaling regulators and genes associated with stomatal formation and differentiation, the expression of genes (Speechless [SPCH], FAMA, MUTE, TMM, HB25, HB31, RR6, RR7, and Solyc02g080860) was assessed. The results revealed that all regulators were downregulated, with SPCH, TMM, RR7, and RR6 showing significant reductions under PEG‐induced stress. These results emphasize the promise of utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 to target cytokinin signaling pathways, enhancing drought tolerance in tomatoes through improvements in water retention and root growth, along with a reduction in stomatal density and malondialdehyde content.
Ecosystem Services in Drying River Networks: A Meta‐Ecosystem Conceptual Model
Authors: Pérez‐Silos Ignacio , Barquín José , Datry Thibault
Published: January 2025

All river networks are virtually prone to drying, which is dramatically increasing in space and time. This threatens the functions and ecosystem services (ES) rivers provide to societies. Here, we introduce a new conceptual model of the provision of ES in drying river networks (DRN), situating drying as a pivotal element of every river network. Based on a meta‐ecosystem perspective, we contend that ES provision is determined in DRN by the exchange of abiotic and biotic flows between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the catchment. Specifically, we highlight three main components of the ecosystem involved: the intensity of abiotic flows, biodiversity patterns, and ecosystem functioning rates. How they vary in space and time due to changes in the hydrological connectivity in catchment‐DRN determines the pattern of ES provision along the DRN. Although drying events are the cause of the great diversity of services naturally provided by DRN, we must perceive their anthropogenic increase as a major socio‐ecological risk factor.
MHD tri‐hybrid nanofluid blood flow in a porous cylinder: Insights from fractional relaxation modeling with thermal radiation and slip velocity boundary condition
Authors: Omama Mohamed , Arafa Ayman A. , Elsaid Ahmed , Zahra Waheed K.
Published: January 2025

The study of flow through cylindrical structures holds significant importance in fields such as biomedical engineering, petroleum extraction, and industrial processes. In particular, understanding blood flow in cylindrical geometries that mimic small arteries is crucial for advancing cardiovascular health, treatment methods, and drug delivery systems. Traditional models often fail to capture the complex nonlocal and memory effects inherent in blood flow dynamics, limiting their accuracy in predicting heat transfer and flow characteristics essential for medical applications. This study addresses these limitations by developing an innovative fractional‐order magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model for blood flow using a tri‐hybrid nanofluid composed of , , and . The model uniquely integrates boundary slip velocity effects within the fractional Maxwell rheology framework and employs the fractional Cattaneo bioheat transfer model, applied to a porous cylindrical structure. The mathematical formulation is based on the Caputo approach to model fractional‐order time derivatives in both the thermal and momentum equations. Numerical solutions are obtained using finite difference techniques, incorporating L1 and L2 approximations for the Caputo fractional derivatives. The study investigates the effects of fractional orders and , along with parameters such as wall slip velocity and thermal radiation, on velocity, temperature, skin friction, and Nusselt number. Results indicate that the tri‐hybrid nanofluid achieves up to a 10% enhancement in heat transfer compared to blood or di‐hybrid nanofluids, also exhibiting 25%–40% lower skin friction. Furthermore, the fractional‐order models offer more realistic and stable predictions across flow conditions. The fractional Maxwell model shows gradual velocity and friction responses, while the fractional Cattaneo model yields lower heat transfer rates than its classical counterpart. By incorporating fractional calculus, the model improves simulation of complex transport in small arteries, aiding development of better cardiovascular treatments.
Non-trivial Self-organised Floor Plans: An Optimisation Strategy
Authors: Carta Silvio , Shekhawat Krishnendra , Ambrosini Luciano , Turchi Tommaso , Vidal Miguel
Published: January 2025

We present a novel workflow where non-rectangular floor plans (NRFPs), namely plans with at least one concave corner, are self-generated using a model that directly encodes key optimisation factors on spatial quality and energy consumption, with non-rectangular building envelopes. The modelling considers a number of key factors including architectural and urban quality, net zero factors and adherence to general residents’ feedback from previous studies. We provide evidence that the proposed workflow outperforms a number of optimisation solvers generally used in computational design, in those cases where solar radiation is most needed. Our study combines a syntactic approach with a computational one with a novel workflow to encode tangible and intangible factors to improve a specific class of non-trivial floor plans (L-shaped).