bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma Análise sobre Materialismo Eliminativo a Partir do Pensamento de Nagel
Authors: Pereira José Aparecido
Published: November 2015

RESUMO:Fazer uma abordagem sobre a análise de Nagel sobre o materialismo eliminativo no âmbito da filosofia da mente e, com base nisso, refletir sobre a relação entre ciência e filosofia constituem o objetivo fundamental desse artigo. A nossa abordagem encontra-se organizada a partir de dois momentos. Em primeiro lugar, pretendemos discorrer sobre o materialismo eliminativo, visto que essa corrente de pensamento, no contexto da filosofia da mente, condensa e circunscreve de modo mais explícito as discussões acerca dos problemas da relação mente e cérebro, sob o viés de uma ótica cientificista. Em segundo lugar, tendo em vista os pressupostos teóricos do pensamento de Nagel, o nosso propósito consiste em apontar possíveis problemas, lacunas e limites subjacentes às teses defendidas pelos adeptos do eliminativismo. Ainda, a título de conclusão, pretendemos evidenciar quais as principais implicações para a filosofia, uma vez que esse reducionismo cientificista tende a conceder à ciência ou à explicação científica a última palavra.
Forma Narrativa, Diálogo e Filosofia: a Inatualidade e o Presente em Schelling
Authors: Silva Anderson Gonçalves da
Published: November 2015

RESUMO:Não é incomum que se tome o diálogo de Schelling conhecido como Clara por um estoque de proposições filosóficas, do qual se arrancam aquelas mais apropriadas para a tese que se queira sustentar. Procuramos nos afastar desse tipo de procedimento. Tomando seriamente seu tratamento literário, trata-se antes de investigar esse diálogo, apreendendo-o como um modelo, ensaiado pelo filósofo, para uma crítica do presente. Para tanto, analisamos a oscilação entre diálogo e narrativa, de modo a compreender sua composição e princípio formal, o que acarreta uma reflexão, interna à obra, sobre o tempo histórico, o qual se apresenta numa dialética entre inatualidade e presente.
Wolff e Kant sobre Obrigação e Lei Natural: a Rejeição do Voluntarismo Teológico na Moral
Authors: Bruno Cunha
Published: November 2015

RESUMO:O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sobre os conceitos de obrigação e lei natural, tendo como referência o polêmico debate moderno envolvendo intelectualismo e voluntarismo. Em um primeiro momento, destacaremos a rejeição de Wolff ao voluntarismo de Pufendorf e sua orientação em direção ao intelectualismo de Leibniz. Conforme essa nova orientação, uma teoria da lei natural não deve basear seu conceito de obrigação na autoridade das leis (estabelecidas, em uma instância maior, como um decreto arbitrário de Deus) e em seu poder coercitivo (suscitado, na parte obrigada, como medo da punição), mas, por outro lado, unicamente na ideia de necessidade moral, interpretada como expressão da ligação natural universal dos seres racionais com o dever. Em um segundo momento, apresentaremos os efeitos dessa discussão no pensamento inicial de Kant, que, se posicionando diante mesmo de Wolff e Baumgarten, vai empreender a superação de seus predecessores, através de uma revisão conceitual do problema, a qual culminará nos pressupostos de sua doutrina ética madura.
Michel Montaigne como Formador de Profesores: la Necesidad de Ensayar la Propia Posición Pedagógica
Authors: Marini Guillermo
Published: November 2015

RESUMEN:Este artículo presenta el pensamiento de Michel Montaigne como camino para interpretar aspectos de la formación docente contemporánea. En primer lugar se caracterizan las nociones de ensayo y de experiencia; se analizan las relaciones entre ellas; y se las discute como ejes de una propuesta formativa basada en una exploración seria de la propia vida. Luego, se presentan dos desafíos identificados por Russell (2012): por una parte, si bien han pasado 12 años escolarizados, al momento de comenzar con sus prácticas profesionales los alumnos de carreras de pedagogía tienen dificultades en explicar de qué se trata enseñar. Por otro lado, los profesores que dictan cursos de pedagogía suelen no ser los mismos que acompañan a los alumnos en sus primeras experiencias docentes. Esto tendería a crear una ruptura entre la educación que se recibe como alumno y la que se imparte como docente de práctica profesional. El artículo concluye proponiendo la posibilidad de implementar un ensayo de posición pedagógica. Éste constituiría una estrategia formativa por sí misma que permitiría, tanto a profesores experimentados como a novicios, visibilizar, articular y discutir los argumentos fundamentales desde los cuales orientan su tarea cotidiana como educadores.
Esfera Pública e Política Radical: Apontamentos a Partir de Habermas
Authors: Danner Leno Francisco
Published: November 2015

RESUMO:O artigo discute a noção de esfera pública tematizada nos trabalhos habermasianos, defendendo que a íntima associação entre esfera pública e democracia permite pensar um modelo de política radical, no qual a aproximação entre Estado burocrático e partidos políticos profissionais com os movimentos sociais e as iniciativas cidadãs poderia superar a redução da práxis política a política partidária, concedendo a devida importância aos impulsos normativos e aos interesses generalizáveis advindos da sociedade civil rumo ao político, recuperando também uma concepção de esfera pública não desvirtuada por formas de comunicação ideológicas ou distorcidas, inclusiva e crítica do poder. Para isso, entretanto, a práxis política necessitaria, correlatamente àquela aproximação, dar um passo além da própria esfera pública concentrada na mídia corporativa, adentrando nas esferas públicas informais desenvolvidas pelos movimentos sociais e pelas iniciativas cidadãs. Com efeito, as acusações, por Habermas, de subversão da esfera pública das democracias de massa contemporâneas somente poderiam ser superadas a partir de uma maior ênfase em tais esferas públicas informais, que também poderiam dinamizar uma organização administrativo-partidária atualmente marcada pelo distanciamento e pela sobreposição em relação à sociedade civil – situação possibilitada, em grande medida, pela mídia corporativa e pela burocracia e elitismo partidários.
Nursing and spirituality
Authors: Pedrão Raphael de Brito , Beresin Ruth
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the spiritual well-being of nurses; to appraise their opinions as to the importance of offering patients spiritual assistance, and to verify whether nurses received any specific type of preparation during their professional training for giving spiritual assistance to patients. Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study, carried out with a sample of 30 nurses who worked at the Stepdown Unit and Oncology Unit of Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, using the application of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWS) and a questionnaire prepared by the authors. Results: On the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, 76.6% of nurses produced positive scores. On the Existential Well-Being subscale, 80% had positive scores, and on the Religious Well-Being subscale, 76.6% had positive scores. On the SWBS, the general average score was 107.26, and for the Existential and Religious ones, the average scores were 54.4 and 53.2, respectively. Most nurses responded affirmatively as to the importance of offering patients spiritual assistance, and 40% of nurses offered as rationale “to provide well-being and comfort to the patient”. Most nurses reported not having received professional training for giving spiritual assistance to patients in any of the nursing courses they had done. Conclusions: The results indicate the need for professional training and/or continued education courses in nursing to extend the reflection and discussion on spirituality and spiritual assistance to patients.
Endometrial hysteroscopic and histological evaluation in menopausal women in continuous use of raloxifene
Authors: Soares Vanessa Maria Caetano , Martorelli Filho Braz , Fernandes Luiz Roberto Araujo , Lippi Umberto Gazi
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the effect of raloxifene on endometrial histopathology of menopausal women. Methods: Thirty-one patients under raloxifene treatment (60 mg/day) for a six-month period and submitted to diagnostic videohysteroscopy at the Climateric Outpatients Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual Francisco Morato de Oliveira, in the city of São Paulo, and at Hospital Guilherme Álvaro, in the city of Santos, from September 10th, 2003 to June 22nd, 2004, were analyzed. Guided endometrial biopsy was performed on all patients on the anterior wall, using a 3-mm or 5-mm biopsy forceps. A 3-mm or 5-mm hysteroscope was used with TV imaging by an endocamera. The results of the hysteroscopic tests were compared before and six months after the use of raloxifene. Results: The comparison between both biopsies was performed by means of the McNemar's test (marginal homogeneity test), and showed a descriptive level of 0.001 that indicates difference between the estrogen effects assessed at different moments. The estrogen effect on the endometrial tissue did not increase in any of the 31 patients analyzed. Twenty-one patients (68%) showed smaller estrogen effect in the final evaluation. Conclusions: The study showed no evidence of endometrial stimulation of raloxifene and, in fact, many women presented less estrogen effect after its use.
Communication difficulties and strategies used by the nurses and their team in caring for the hearing impaired
Authors: Britto Fernanda da Rocha , Samperiz Maria Mercedes Fernandez
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify communication difficulties faced by the nursing staff and to learn the strategies developed for non-oral communication. Methods: This is a descriptive, exploratory, level I study with a quantitative approach. The sample group comprised 37 registered nurses and 63 licensed practical nurses of a private hospital who, after undergoing the ethical-legal procedures, answered a questionnaire to identify difficulties faced and strategies used in the care for hearing-impaired patients. Results: Difficulty in explaining matters of interest to the patient was reported by 66% of professionals; and 32% reported difficulties in understanding patients in their way of communicate. The strategy adopted by 100% of respondents was mimicry, followed by lip reading, used by 94% of respondents; help from a person accompanying the patient was used by 65%, and written communication by 42% of respondents. Only 1% used communication via the Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). Conclusions: The difficulties found and the strategies adopted by the nursing staff in communicating with hearing-impaired patients justify the need to train these professionals to deliver a more humanized care, developing a more inclusive society for those with special needs.
Evaluation of pain in outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy with gas
Authors: Diniz Daniela Barreto Fraguglia Quental , Depes Daniella de Batista , Santos Ana Maria Gomes dos , David Simone Denise , Yatabe Salete , Lopes Reginaldo Guedes Coelho
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the intensity of pain reported by patients undergoing outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy. Methods: Exam performed with a 5-mm lens hysteroscope, vaginal speculum, tenaculum and uterine distention with carbon dioxide gas. Before and after the examination, patients were interviewed to define, in a verbal scale from 0 to 10, pain values that they expected to feel and that they experienced after the end, and also if they would repeat it if indicated. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0, statistic significance was defined as p < 0.05 with a study power of 95%. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included with mean age of 50.9 years, with 32.8% at postmenopause and 6.9% nulliparous. Among those with previous deliveries, mean parity was 2.21 and at least one vaginal delivery had occurred in 63.8%. Only 24.1% of patients knew how the exam would be done, 62.1% needed an endometrial sample and the result was considered satisfactory in 89.7%. The means of expected and experienced pain were similar (6.0 versus 6.1), and 91.4% of women would repeat the hysteroscopy if necessary. The only factor associated with less pain after the exam was previous vaginal delivery, with a decrease of pain score from 7.1 to 5.5 (p = 0.03). Mean pain was significantly lower in those who agreed to repeat the exam (5.8 versus 9.4; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy with gas can be associated with moderate but tolerable discomfort and satisfactory results.
Can the lymph node reactivity pattern in the pN0 neck analysis provide any additional prognostic information in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma?
Authors: Manfro Gabriel , Cernea Claudio , Faria Paulo Antônio Silvestre de , Agarez Fernando Vaz , Dias Fernando Luiz , Lima Roberto Araújo , Brandão Lenine Garcia
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of lymph node reactivity on recurrence and survival rates in a population of pT3 or pT4 pN0 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Between 2002 and 2005, 105 patients with LSSC underwent total laryngectomy with bilateral selective neck dissection including levels II, III and IV. Most (69) received PO radiotherapy. All pathological specimens were either pT3 or pT4, and all necks were pN0. All lymph nodes were analyzed and their reactivity status were classified as the following four patterns: follicular hyperplasia associated with humoral response, paracortical hyperplasia associated with cellular response, sinus histiocytosis with no association with specific immune response, or normal lymph node. Only the first two patterns were considered stimulated, whereas the last two were considered non-stimulated. The most prevalent pattern in a particular neck specimen was considered for the analysis of recurrence and survival. Results: The total number of lymph nodes studied was 3,648, with an average of 34.7 lymph nodes/neck specimens. The most frequent lymph node reactivity patterns were sinusal histiocytosis (50 cases), paracortical hyperplasia (35 cases), and follicular hyperplasia (20 cases). There was no statistical association of these individual patterns with recurrence rate (p = 0.98) or mortality (p = 0.49). However, there was a statistically significant association between paracortical hyperplasia pattern (related to cellular lymph node immunity) and improved five-year survival (76 versus 60%; log-rank = 0.05). Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between stimulated cellular lymph node pattern and improved 5-year survival rate in patients with pN0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting the indication of adjuvant treatment for those individuals with decreased immune response, even in the absence of pathologic metastases detected by the usual methods.
Relation between three-dimensional and two-dimensional echocardiography and biochemical analysis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction percutaneously treated
Authors: Vieira Marcelo Luiz Campos , Oliveira Wercules Antônio , Cury Alexandre Ferreira , Cordovil Adriana , Rodrigues Ana Clara Tude , Naccarato Gustavo Alberto Frazatto , Monaco Claudia Gianini , Costa Lea Paula Ravani Beneti , Romano Renata Barbara , Calatroia João Roberto , Afonso Tania Regina , Tavares Glaucia Maria Penha , Guimarães Laise Antônia Bonfim , Lira Filho Edgar Bezerra , Perin Marco Antonio , Fischer Claudio Henrique , Morhy Samira Saady
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: The prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction depends on multiple features that can demonstrate myocardial injury degree (such as serum markers of cardiac necrosis), and also on adaptive mechanisms relative to the acute event. The aim of the study was to assess the relation between biochemical and echocardiographic findings from three-dimensional echocardiographic (3D Echo) analysis and echocardiographic two-dimensional (2D Echo) left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, submitted to primary percutaneous treatment. Methods: A prospective study with 2D Echo and 3D Echo of 23 patients (17 males, mean age of 57 ± 13 years) with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, primarily percutaneously treated (stent). Serum cardiac markers (creatine kinase MB, Troponin I and Myoglobin) and serum brain natriuretic peptide were compared to echocardiographic parameters (volumes, left ventricular ejection fraction and ventricular dyssynchrony index). The statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, 95% CI, p < 0.05, linear regression equation and Bland & Altman test. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficient (r)relative to 3D left ventricular ejection fraction: 1- brain natriuretic peptide: r: - 0.7427, p < 0.0001; 2- creatine kinase MB: r: - 0.660, p = 0.001. Left ventricular ejection fraction 2D (r) : 1- brain natriuretic peptide: r: - 0.5478, p = 0.001; 2- creatine kinase MB: r: - 0.4800, p < 0.0277. Other associations were not significant. Conclusions: In this series, it was observed better correlation in regard to serum creatine kinase MB, brain natriuretic peptide and 3D Echo left ventricular ejection fraction, when compared to 2D Echo left ventricular ejection fraction.
Modification of the gasless fetoscopy technique for the treatment of large myelomeningocele: a study in sheep
Authors: Pedreira Denise Araujo Lapa , Acácio Gregório Lorenzo , Abou-Jamra Rogério Chaccur , Oliveira Rita de Cássia Sanches , Caldini Elia Garcia , Saldiva Paulo Hilário Nascimento
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To change the gasless fetoscopy technique in order to reduce the diameter of entry orifices in the myometrium. Methods: Seven pregnant ewes were submitted to fetoscopy for repairing a large skin defect measuring 4.0 × 3.0 cm, created in the fetal lumbar region at the gestational age of 100 days. The defect was repaired through continuous suture of the skin with approximation of borders. Gasless fetoscopy was used for performing the suture with three orifices to allow entry of the trocar into the myometrium. A 5.0-mm optical trocar, and 3.5-mm grasping, dissecting and suturing forceps were used. After surgery, pregnancy was maintained until the animals were euthanized on the 133rd day of gestation, and the fetuses were evaluated. Results: Seven pregnant ewes underwent surgery; the first two cases were characterized as the Pilot Group, in which the endoscopic technique was modified and caliber reduction was possible in two out of three entry orifices in the myometrium. In the five remaining cases (Study Group), the repair was successfully carried out in all the fetuses, and the mean duration of fetoscopy was 98 minutes. There was a case of maternal death attributed to intrauterine infection. Mean intrauterine permanence after surgery was 12 days. Conclusions: The technique was successfully modified, allowing reduction of the uterine orifices necessary to perform the repair of a skin defect in the fetal lumbar region through a new fetoscopy technique. The impact of this modification in repair of myelomeningocele in human fetuses should be studied.
Pilot study in neonates using low-level laser therapy in the immediate postoperative period of myelomeningocele
Authors: Pinto Nathali Cordeiro , Pinto Fernando Campos Gomes , Alho Eduardo Joaquim Lopes , Yoshimura Elisabeth Matheus , Krebs Vera Lucia Jornada , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Chavantes Maria Cristina
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the tissue repair behavior after corrective surgical incision in neonates submitted to low-level laser therapy, in an attempt to diminish the incidence of postoperative dehiscence following the surgery for myelomeningocele performed immediately after birth. Methods: It is a prospective pilot study with 13 myelomeningocele patients submitted to surgery at birth who received adjuvant treatment with low-level laser therapy (Group A). Diode laser C.W., λ = 685t nm, p = 21 mW, E = 0.19 J was punctually applied along the surgical incision, summing up 4 to 10 J energy delivered per patient, according to the surgical wound area and, then, compared with the previous results, which were obtained from 23 patients undergoing surgery without laser therapy (Group B). Results: This pilot study showed a significant decline in dehiscence of surgical wounds in neonates submitted to low-level laser therapy as compared to controls (7.69 versus 17.39%, respectively), demonstrating this is an effective, safe and noninvasive treatment method. conclusion: This new adjuvant therapeutic proposal with low-level laser therapy aided healing of surgical wounds, preventing morbidities, as well as decreasing hospital stay, which implies cost of reduction for patients and for the institution.
The impact of motivational interventions for increasing physical activity
Authors: Rocha Aneci Sobral , Marega Marcio
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess whether incentives for practicing regular physical activities in fact help raising the frequency of exercising. Methods: Male and female subjects undergoing two to three assessments in the Check-Up Unit of Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) were evaluated by noting any increase in levels of physical activity, improvements in mean metabolic unit numbers, and the sensitization index. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied to assess the sample. Results: There were 1,879 subjects − 1,559 (83%) males and 320 (17%) females – aged 20 to 76 years (mean age = 45.8 years, standard deviation ± 8.8) who underwent a Continued Health Review at the Center for Preventive Medicine of the HIAE, Check-Up Unit, Jardins. Initially, over half of the sample was insufficiently active (sedentary or poorly active); there were more women than men in this group. After the health review, most subjects increased their level of physical activity; this increase was higher among women. Males encouraged three times to exercising showed better results (increased level of physical activity) as compared to males encouraged twice for exercising. The best results in females were found in the group that went through two evaluations. This result is due to the fact that the sample of females comprising the group that received incentives on three occasions was small. This was also the only group that showed no increase in mean metabolic units. The sensitization index assessment in the overall sample was very satisfactory, as the expected results were achieved. Conclusions: These results show that motivational interventions are effective for raising the level of physical activity. We concluded that to encourage the practice of regular physical activity through information programs about its health benefits is very important.
Exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias: analysis of predictive factors in a population with sleep disorders
Authors: Cintra Fatima Dumas , Makdisse Marcia Regina Pinho , Oliveira Wercules Antônio Alves de , Rizzi Camila Furtado , Luiz Francisco Otávio de Oliveira , Tufik Sergio , Paola Angelo Amato Vincenzo de , Poyares Dalva
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias induced by exercise in a population with sleep disorders and to analyze the triggering factors. Methods: Patients were consecutively selected from the database of the Sleep Clinic of Universidade Federal de São Paulo. All subjects were submitted to basal polysomnography, blood sample collection, physical examination, 12-lead ECG, spirometry, cardiorespiratory exercise study on a treadmill, and echocardiogram. The Control Group was matched for age and gender. Results: A total of 312 patients were analyzed. Exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 7%. The aortic diameter was larger (3.44 ± 0.30, 3.16 ± 0.36, p = 0.04) and the minimal saturation was lower (92.75 ± 3.05, 95.50 ± 1.73, p=0.01) in the ventricular arrhythmia group when compared to controls, respectively. After correction of the aortic root to body surface, there was only a trend to a larger diameter being associated with the emergence of arrhythmia. Conclusions: Exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 7% of sample and it was associated with lower oxygen saturation during exercise.
Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on cognition of elderly women with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kasai Juliana Yumi Tizon , Busse Alexandre Leopold , Magaldi Regina Miksian , Soci Maria Angela , Rosa Priscilla de Moraes , Curiati José Antônio Esper , Jacob Filho Wilson
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To detect the effects of Tai Chi Chuan practice on the cognition of elderly subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Methods: This is a pilot study with 26 elderly patients (mean age of 74 years) with Mild Cognitive Impairment. The evaluation instruments were Subjective Memory Complaint Scale (SMC), Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT) and Digit Span Forward and Backward (DSF and DSB) from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). One group of 13 patients received two weekly 60-minute classes of Tai Chi Chuan (Yang style) for 6 consecutive months, and the rest formed the Control Group. The Tai Chi Chuan Group was also evaluated as to learning of the Tai Chi Chuan practical exercises by means of a Specific Learning Test applied after three months of intervention. Results: After six months of intervention, the TCC Group showed significant improvement on the RBMT and the SMC (p = 0.007 and p = 0.023, respectively). The Control Group showed no significant differences in the cognitive tests during the study. There was a significant correlation between the Tai Chi Chuan Learning Test and RBMT (p = 0.008), showing that patients with a better performance in exercising TCC also showed a better performance in memory. Conclusions: In this study, a six-month program of Tai Chi Chuan afforded a significant improvement of the performance of memory complaints in the elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Additional randomized studies with larger samples and more prolonged follow-up are needed to confirm these benefits.
Birth weight distribution of Hospital Geral do Grajaú population compared to São Paulo city population
Authors: Bertagnon José Ricardo Dias , Armond Jane de Eston , Rodrigues Cintia Leci , Jabur Viviane de Almeida , Kuraim Gabriela Alba , Novo Neil Ferreira , Segre Conceição Aparecida de Matos
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the growth curves from a population from a large city suburban hospital with those of the city of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. Methods: At Hospital Geral do Grajaú, that serves the high pregnancy risk population lacking health facilities, of low education level and smaller number of prenatal visits and great morbidity, a growth curve was built for the newborns, as the Hospital is provided with updated equipment and personnel. The curve was built from the database available containing information on live births during the 2003 to 2007 period and totaling 9,952 newborns, as their weight at birth and gestational age were taken as parameters. The distribution curves of 3%, 10%, 50% and 90% of the Grajaú were compared to those of the city of São Paulo curve. Results: The curves did not significantly differ from those of the São Paulo curve percentiles, as shown by the mean deviation (Z score) calculation, notwithstanding the higher rates for prematurity, low weight, teenager mothers and lack of prenatal visits among the Grajaú population as compared to those of São Paulo. Conclusions: The São Paulo city curve showed to be appropriate for the suburban population despite the existing differences.
Natural orifice surgery: new concept in minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Gollop Thomaz Rafael , Ruiz Filho Arnaldo Urbano , Santos Adriana Grandesso dos , Bianchi Rogério Francisco , Rossi Alexandre Guilherme Zabeu
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT We present the concept of natural orifice surgery and of scarless operations, with their access routes, their multidisciplinary character, and challenges to their development. We point out the intra- and postoperative advantages. We emphasize the use of the vaginal route and posterior colpotomy in the application of natural orifice surgery in vaginal hysterectomies and surgical access to adnexa, which includes tubal ligation. We highlight the need for mastering these surgical modalities, which can bring great advantages to patients in Brazil.
Integrative review: what is it? How to do it?
Authors: Souza Marcela Tavares de , Silva Michelly Dias da , Carvalho Rachel de
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Introduction: The integrative review is the methodology that provides synthesis of knowledge and applicability of results of significant studies to practice. Objective: To present the phases of an integrative review and the relevant aspects to be taken into account when using this methodological resource. Methods: This study was based on bibliographic search and on the experience of the authors when performing an integrative review. Results: Presentation of the six stages of the integrative review process: preparing the guiding question, searching or sampling the literature, data collection, critical analysis of the studies included, discussion of results and presentation of the integrative review. Conclusions: Considering the need to assure care based on scientific evidence, the integrative review has been identified as a unique tool in healthcare for it synthesizes investigations available on the given topic and guides practice based on scientific knowledge.
Microcirculatory assessment in daily clinical practice - not yet ready but not too far!
Authors: Salgado Diamantino Ribeiro , Favory Raphaël , Backer Daniel De
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Shock is characterized by an alteration in tissue perfusion that may lead to tissue hypoxia. Recent guidelines recommend aggressive and early resuscitation therapy, but mortality rate is still unacceptably high. Unfortunately, traditional clinical surrogates used to guide resuscitation therapy poorly correlate with microcirculatory blood flow, a key determinant of tissue perfusion. New techniques that directly assess microcirculatory perfusion at the bedside have emerged as a complement to traditional macrohemodynamic parameters. These techniques have been supported by several studies showing microcirculatory alterations in different clinical settings. In addition, these microcirculatory alterations are related with outcome and persist regardless of arterial pressure normalization, being a better predictor of organ dysfunction and mortality than global hemodynamic and laboratory parameters. These findings allowed the concept of “microcirculatory-goal directed therapy”, which is now in its preliminary phase, as the impact of many interventions still needs to be assessed. Finally, microcirculation assessment has also been explored in other medical fields such as perioperative, systemic arterial hypertension, heart failure, and hyperviscosity syndromes. In this review, we shortly present the characteristics of microcirculation and the main determinants of capillary blood flow, and we discuss advantages and limitations of some recently available techniques to evaluate microcirculation at the bedside, and how they could be useful for the general clinician in daily practice.
Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania spp. serology and Leishmania spp. PCR in dogs from Pirassununga, SP
Authors: Seabra Nathália Mendonça de , Pereira Vanessa Figueredo , Kuwassaki Marcos Vinícius , Benassi Julia Cristina , Oliveira Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa
Published: November 2015

Abstract We examined the presence of antibodies against the parasites Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leishmania spp., as well the presence of DNA from Leishmania spp., in dogs from Pirassununga - SP. The seropositivity rate was compared with the animals’ originating location. Three hundred seventy-three blood samples from the county’s kennel and local veterinary clinics were collected and analyzed. A total of 300 samples were tested for T. gondii and N. caninum using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT); 45% (135/300) were positive for T. gondii and 24.3% (73/300) were positive for N. caninum. Three hundred seventy-three samples were tested for Leishmania spp. using the IFAT. Of these, 4.6% (17/373) were positive. Additionally, 145 samples were tested using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR); of these samples, 0.7% (1/145) was positive. Considering the results, we conclude that these parasites are present in the city of Pirassununga - SP and that the animals have contact with the protozoan. It is therefore necessary to create methods for disease prevention to maintain both animal and human health in regard to leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis.
Kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with Toxocara canis
Authors: Bin Lundia Luara Cavalcante , Santarém Vamilton Alvares , Laposy Cecília Braga , Rubinsky-Elefant Guita , Roldán William Henry , Giuffrida Rogério
Published: November 2015

Abstract An evaluation was made of the kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with embryonated Toxocara canis eggs. Seventeen four month old New Zealand White rabbits were distributed into two groups. In the experimental group, twelve rabbits were infected orally with 1,000 embryonated T. canis eggs. A second group (n = 5), uninfected, was used as a control. Serum samples were collected for analysis on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 post-infection (DPI). An indirect ELISA test was performed to evaluate the reactivity index (RI) of IgG anti-T. canis antibodies and to calculate the avidity index (AI). The animals showed seroconversion from the 14th DPI, with high AI (over 50%) except for one animal, which presented an intermediate AI. At 60 DPI, all the animals were seropositive and maintained a high AI. The data indicated that specific IgG antibodies formed early (14 DPI) in rabbits infected with T. canis, with a high avidity index that persisted throughout the course of the infection.
Evaluation of the accuracy of parasitological techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in cats
Authors: Rezende Hanstter Hallison Alves , Avelar Juliana Boaventura , Storchilo Heloísa Ribeiro , Vinaud Marina Clare , Castro Ana Maria de
Published: November 2015

Abstract The accuracy of the parasitological techniques of Willis, Hoffman-Pons-Janer or Lutz (HPLJ), Sheather and Faust was evaluated in fecal samples from stray cats caught by the Zoonosis Control Center in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. These four techniques were applied separately to analyze 154 fecal samples, and their accuracy was analyzed based on an evaluation of their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Kappa index, resulting in the selection of the Willis technique as the nominal gold standard. Of the 154 samples, 115 (74.68%) tested positive for intestinal parasites. The analysis of the frequency of positivity indicated that the HPLJ technique detected 86.1% of the positive samples and was the closest to the gold standard. The analysis of the accuracy of the techniques was evaluated using the most prevalent parasites. The Sheather technique showed the highest accuracy in the detection of Ancylostomatidae, while the Sheather and HPLJ techniques showed similar accuracies in the detection of Cystoisospora spp. when compared to the gold standard. Lastly, the Faust technique showed the highest accuracy in the detection of Toxoplasma gondii when compared to the gold standard. This study underscores the importance of combining parasitological techniques in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in cats.
Anthelmintic activity of Leucaena leucocephala protein extracts on Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Soares Alexandra Martins dos Santos , Araújo Sandra Alves de , Lopes Suzana Gomes , Costa Junior Livio Martins
Published: November 2015

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of protein extracts obtained from the plant Leucaena leucocephala on the nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus. The seeds, shell and cotyledon of L. leucocephala were separated and their proteins extracted using a sodium phosphate buffer, and named as TE (total seed extract), SE (shell extract) and CE (cotyledon extract). Soluble protein content, protease, protease inhibitory and chitinase activity assays were performed. Exsheathment inhibition of H. contortus larvae were performed at concentrations of 0.6 mg mL–1, and egg hatch assays were conducted at protein concentrations of 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 mg mL–1. The effective concentration for 50% hatching inhibition (EC50) was estimated by probit. Different proportions of soluble proteins, protease and chitinase were found in TE and CE. Protease inhibitory activity was detected in all extracts. The EC50 of the CE and TE extracts were 0.48 and 0.33 mg mL–1, respectively. No ovicidal effects on H. contortus were detected in SE extracts, and none of the protein extracts demonstrated larvicidal effects on H. contortus. We therefore conclude that protein extracts of L. leucocephala had a detrimental effect on nematode eggs, which can be correlated with the high protease and chitinase activity of these extracts.
Статеві особливості функціональної і рухової підготовленості учнів 7—8 класів
Authors: Іващенко О. В.
Published: November 2015

Мета дослідження — визначити статеві особливості функціональної та рухової підготовленості учнів 7—8 класів.

Матеріал і методи. Для вирішення поставлених завдань були застосовані такі методи дослідження: аналіз науково-методичної літератури, педагогічне тестування та методи математичної статистики. У дослідженні прийняли участь хлопці: 24 чол. 7 класу, 35 — 8 класу; дівчата: 31 чол. 7 класу, 14 — 8 класу.

Результати дослідження. Аналіз свідчить, що між хлопцями і дівчатами 7 класів у функціональних пробах спостерігається статистично достовірні розбіжності (p<0,001). За функціональним станом функції дихання і кровообігу хлопці і дівчата 7 класів оцінюються як здорові, нетреновані; за пробою Серкіна — як такі, що мають приховану форму недостатності кровообігу. 

Статистично достовірні розбіжності між хлопцями і дівчатами 8 класів спостерігаються у тестах № 3—8, які характеризують власне силову, швидкісно-силову і координаційну підготовленість (р<0,001). За результатами інших рухових тестів розбіжності між середніми значеннями статистично недостовірні (p>0,05).

Висновки. Статевими особливостями рухової підготовленості учнів сьомих класів є рівень розвитку силових здібностей і здатність до оцінки сприйняття силових параметрів руху; в учнів восьмих класів — здатність до оцінки сприйняття силових параметрів руху і статична сила.
Дискримінантний аналіз в оцінці функціональної і рухової підготовленості дівчат старших класів
Authors: Худолій О. М. , Іващенко О. В.
Published: November 2015

Мета дослідження — визначити методологічні підходи до педагогічного контролю рухової та функціональної підготовленості дівчат старших класів. 

Методи дослідження. Для вирішення поставлених завдань були застосовані такі методи дослідження: аналіз наукової літератури, педагогічне тестування та методи математичної статистики.

Для оцінки функціональної і рухової підготовленості дівчат 9—11 класів реєструвалися результати проб Штанге, Генчі, Серкіна та рухових тестів. У дослідженні прийняли участь дівчата 9 класу — 24 чоловік, 10 класу — 21 чоловік, 11 класу — 26 чоловік.

Результати. Нормовані коефіцієнти канонічної дискримінантної функції дозволяють визначити співвідношення вкладу змінних у результат функції. З найбільшим вкладом в канонічну функцію 1 входять змінні 3, 4 і 7: чим більші значення цих змінних, тим більше значення функції. З найбільшим вкладом в канонічну функцію 2 входять змінні 1, 8 і 5: чим більші значення цих змінних, тим більше значення функції. Перша функція на 96,9% пояснює варіацію результатів, друга — на 3,1%. Вищевикладене свідчить про можливість класифікації вікових відміностей дівчат 9—11 класів на основі тестування функціональної, силової і координаційної підготовленості. 

Структурні коефіцієнти канонічної дискримінантної функції свідчать, що вона найбільш суттєво зв’язана з № 9, 7 і 6 змінними: отже суттєва різниця між дівчатами 9—11 класів спостерігається у пробах Серкіна, Штанге, швидкісній силі.

Висновки. Для підсумкового педагогічного контролю рухової і функціональної підготовленості дівчат 9—11 класів може бути використана перша дискримінантна функція з акцентом на найбільш інформативні змінні.
Факторна модель розвитку рухової функції у хлопчиків молодших класів
Authors: Мірошниченко Д. Т.
Published: November 2015

Мета дослідження — визначити факторну модель розвитку рухової функції у хлопчиків молодших класів. Методи й організація дослідження. В дослідженні використані такі методи дослідження як аналіз наукової та методичної літератури, педагогічні спостереження, тестування рухової підготовленості, ймовірнісний підхід до оцінки процесу навчання, методи математичної статистики. У дослідженні прийняли участь хлопчики 2 класу — 38 чоловік, 3 класу — 42 чоловік, 4 класу — 48 чоловік.

Висновки. У факторній моделі рухової функції у хлопців виділяються: процеси навчання і розвитку рухових здібностей (другий клас); процеси навчання і розвитку силових здібностей (третій клас); процеси навчання і розвитку силових і координаційних здібностей (четвертий клас). 

Найбільшу інформативність для оцінки розвитку рухової функції у хлопчиків мають: другий клас — рівень навченості акробатичних вправ (0,848; 0,774; 0,809); третій клас — рівень розвитку власне силових здібностей: тест «Підтягування у змішаному висі на канаті (разів)» (0,941), рівень навченості вправам: «Підйом переворотом в упор махом однією» (0,910), «Міст із положення лежачи» (0,860); четвертий клас — рівень навченості вправам «Лазіння по канату у 2 прийоми» (0,939), «Лазіння по канату у 3 прийоми» (0,939), «Підйом переворотом в упор махом однією» (0,745), а також результати тестів:  № 7 «Підтягування у змішаному висі на канаті» (0,787),  № 10 «Час збереження стійкого положення — стійка на одній нозі з закритими очима» (0,723). 
Особливості розвитку координації у школярів молодших класів
Authors: Марченко С. І. , Бережняк Б. А.
Published: November 2015

Мета дослідження: визначити особливості координаційної підготовленості школярів молодшого шкільного віку. Методи й організація дослідження. В дослідженні використані такі методи: метод теоретичного аналізу та узагальнення літературних джерел, вивчення документальних матеріалів, педагогічне спостереження і хронометраж навчальних занять; метод контрольних випробувань, педагогічний експеримент, методи математичної статистики. У експерименті прийняли участь 60 учнів: 20 — 2 класів, 20 — 3 класів, 20 — 4 класів.

Висновки. У молодшому шкільному віці дівчатка мають більш високий, ніж хлопчики, рівень прояву статичної рівноваги, а показники динамічної рівноваги хлопчиків вище аналогічних показників дівчаток. Отримані данні вікового розвитку координаційних здібностей вказують на необхідність розробки методики диференційованого фізичного виховання дітей молодшого шкільного віку. Дітей, що не займаються спортом і мають середні й низькі показники фізичної підготовленості, варто орієнтувати на поліпшення особистих результатів.

 
Оцінка рівня фізичної підготовленості учнів молодших класів загальноосвітньої школи
Authors: Спіцин В. В.
Published: November 2015

У статті аналізується проблема системного управління оцінкою рівня фізичної підготовленості дітей молодшого шкільного віку. Встановлено, що вірна оцінка рівня фізичної підготовленості є одним з важливих факторів підвищення ефективності керування процесом фізичного виховання учнів загальноосвітньої школи, починаючи з першого класу. Аналіз результатів дослідження свідчить, що при систематичному спостереженні за руховою підготовленістю кожного окремого учня, дозволяє учителю фізичної культури вчасно спостерігати картину розвитку рухових якостей та навичок, виявляти ті, що відстають, та на основі диференційованого підходу, за допомогою спеціальних педагогічних впливів, досягати необхідного ефекту в рішенні завдань фізичного виховання дітей молодшого шкільного віку.

Учитель фізичної культури загальноосвітньої школи, у процесі своєї трудової діяльності, здійснюючи систематичний педагогічний контроль за руховою підготовленістю школярів та проводячи аналіз результатів контролю, при цьому знаючи динаміку розвитку основних рухових якостей, може якісно керувати процесом фізичного вихованням учнів, починаючи з першого класу. 
Особливості організації та проведення занять оздоровчою аеробікою у ВНЗ і визначення їх ефективності
Authors: Санжарова Н. М. , Білокомирова Н. О.
Published: November 2015

У статті на основі вивчення й аналізу науково-методичної і спеціальної літератури та досвіду використання оздоровчої аеробіки в процесі фізичного виховання студенток, розроблено та впроваджено комбіновану програму з оздоровчої аеробіки у ВНЗ. Експериментально доведено, що організація і проведення занять фізичної культури з використанням засобів оздоровчої аеробіки для студенток першого курсу може сприяти підвищенню рівня функціонально стану, а також загального рівня їхньої фізичної підготовленості.

 
Characteristics of Small and Medium Enterprise Innovativeness: Cases of Uzbekistan and China
Authors: Ahunjonov Umidjon , Shuhua Hu , Jayathilake Bandula , Renyan Mu
Published: November 2015

In this study, we aim at investigating factors significantly affecting innovation behavior of SMEs in developing country context. To realize the research objective, a thorough literature view on SME innovativeness has been realized and initial model for the study has been constructed. Data collected by self-administered questionnaire from SME CEOs and high level managers of Uzbekistan and China sample SMEs has been analyzed by Multivariate Logistic Model to make inference about significant determinants of SME innovativeness. The findings of the study suggest that CEOs with higher education, their innovation goal-oriented determination, and competition pressure from home market and abroad due to high export orientation of the SME and government incentives for innovations are being main forces making SMEs realize innovations. Internally, innovative SMEs are being led by CEOs with higher education degree and who well fits the great importance of innovations in their company strategy.
FDI Trade and Its Effects on Agricultural Development in Nigeria: Evidence From Time Series Analysis
Authors: Izuchukwu Oji-Okoro , Huiping Huang , Abubakar Abba Shehu , Olufemi Edun Adetunji
Published: November 2015

Agricultural sector is seen as an engine that contributes to the growth of the overall economy of Nigeria, despite several government efforts the sector is still characterized with low yields and limited areas under cultivation due to government dependence on mono-agricultural economy based on oil. This study attempts to evaluate the impacts of FDI, trade and its effects on agricultural sector development in Nigeria between the periods of 1980-2009, in analyzing the variables (VAR) model was used employing a three-step procedure. The Unit root test was conducted using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips-Parron (PP). Johansen and Juselius multivariate Cointregration test indicate that there is a present of cointregration. Granger causality test result shows that the variables employed have a bidirectional relationship, unidirectional relationship and no casual relationship. It is recommended that in order to boost agricultural output and develop the sector as a whole, more FDI should not only be sourced, there is a need for the government to provide legal and administrative quality framework and encourage more exportation of agricultural output that will enhance foreign exchange earnings and improve the competitiveness of Nigeria agricultural produce in the international market.