bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Household Instability and Children's Educational Performance
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Raley Kelly
Published: April 2019

Previous research has linked children’s family instability, as measured by mother’s marital- cohabiting transitions, to increased risk of poverty, illness, and poorer developmental outcomes. Family theories hypothesize that disruption of household routines and reduction in household resources link family instability to poorer child well-being. Recent research reveals that maternal partnership transitions represent a small fraction of the household instability children experience. These other forms of household instability might also be consequential for child well-being. The goal of this study is to determine whether household instability involving non-parental household members in children’s households is associated with changes in children’s educational outcomes using longitudinal data available in the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Preliminary results suggest household instability by siblings and non-nuclear members, and residential instability predict higher likelihood of dropping out of high school, repeating grades and decreased interest in school.
Hypothermie accidentelle
Authors: Pasquier M. , Blancher M.
Published: April 2019

L’hypothermie accidentelle est définie comme une baisse non intentionnelle de la température centrale du corps en dessous de 35 °C. La prévention de l’hypothermie est essentielle. La mesure de la température centrale est nécessaire au diagnostic d’hypothermie et permet d’en juger la sévérité. En présence de signes de vie, et en présence d’une hypothermie pure, l’instabilité hémodynamique apparente ne devrait en principe pas faire l’objet d’une prise en charge spécifique. Un risque d’arrêt cardiaque (AC) est présent si la température chute en dessous de 30–32 °C. En raison du risque d’AC, un patient hypotherme devrait bénéficier de l’application d’un monitoring avant toute mobilisation, laquelle devra être prudente. En cas d’AC, seule la mesure de la température oesophagienne est fiable. Si l’hypothermie est suspectée comme étant potentiellement responsable de l’AC du patient, celui-ci doit être transporté sous réanimation cardiopulmonaire vers un hôpital disposant d’une méthode de réchauffement par circulation extracorporelle (CEC). La valeur de la kaliémie ainsi que les autres paramètres à disposition (âge, sexe, valeur de la température corporelle, durée du low flow, présence d’une asphyxie) permettront de décider de l’indication d’une CEC de réchauffement. Le pronostic des patients victimes d’un AC sur hypothermie est potentiellement excellent, y compris sur le plan neurologique.
L’hypnose en oncologie : indications, scripts et évaluation
Authors: Bellet P. , Cannone P.
Published: April 2019

Ce travail est une mise à l’épreuve de l’hypnose dans un contexte hospitalier auprès de sujets atteints de cancer. À partir de l’analyse de quatre rencontres, nous avons souhaité mettre en exergue des problématiques fréquemment travaillées en oncologie et proposer une démarche à visée heuristique. Ainsi, nous avons utilisé des méthodologies hypnotiques, d’inductions et des scripts, selon les indications issues de la clinique. Par la rencontre avec David, nous avons expérimenté l’hypnose dans le champ de la douleur. Avec Nathalie, nous avons focalisé la pratique sur des symptômes psychosomatiques comme la nausée et le suivi psychologique avec Loan a intégré le travail de l’hypnose sur l’angoisse en soins palliatifs. La douleur, les nausées psychogènes ou l’angoisse représentaient des points de butée de notre pratique clinique qui ont été dépassés par l’utilisation de l’hypnose comme un outil thérapeutique à disposition. Mme T., avec sa pratique de l’autohypnose, illustre une cicatrisation grâce aux représentations hypnotiques de son corps. Nous avons également discuté des indications, des scripts utilisés et de l’évaluation des effets observés.
Incertitude et présentification en hypnose clinique
Authors: Leplus-Habeneck J.-S. , Bioy A.
Published: April 2019

Nous proposons d’analyser une situation clinique dans une perspective de psychothérapie intégrative. Nous nous inscrivons dans le cadre de différentes approches : humaniste, psychodynamique, cognitive et comportementale, hypnose et EMDR. Dans ce contexte, nous présentons le parcours d’une patiente dont les réactions ont nécessité des aménagements du cadre thérapeutique et un changement de référentiel théorique. Nous sommes passés avec Mme Barnes d’un travail centré sur les cognitions et les comportements à une approche sensorielle et expérientielle par hypnose. La thérapie a initialement ciblé une symptomatologie anxieuse pour finalement se développer sur un versant existentiel intégrant la notion d’incertitude.
La résistance a-t-elle, à l’ouest, été un phénomène européen?
Authors: Wieviorka Olivier
Published: April 2019

*The full text version of this article is in French

English Abstract:

Historians generally consider resistance in Europe as a national
phenomenon. This vision is certainly accurate, but forgets one important
datum: the Allies have played a decisive part in European resistance, by recognizing
(or not) governments in exile, by authorizing (or not) the free access
to the BBC, and by using their secret services (mainly the Special Operations
Executive, SOE, and the Office of Strategic Services, OSS). This article tries to
show how this action has shaped resistance in Western Europe, and given to
the Anglo-Americans a leading part in clandestine action—even if national
powers, in one way or another, have resisted this hegemony.

French Abstract:

La résistance en Europe a le plus souvent été considérée comme un
combat national, tant par les hommes et les femmes qui y ont participé que
par les historiens qui ont, par la suite, tenté de l’analyser. Sans contester ce
schéma, il convient sans doute de l’enrichir, en admettant que l’intervention
des Britanniques, puis des Américains, a contribué à européaniser la
résistance. En la pliant à un modèle organisationnel unique tout d’abord ;
en imposant des structures de commandement et une stratégie identiques
ensuite ; en légitimant les pouvoirs en exil enfin. Ces interventions ont au
total amené à une homogénéisation de l’armée des ombres sur le Vieux
Continent, sans que les résistances nationales n’aliènent, pour autant, leur
identité propre.
Book Reviews
Authors: Andrews Naomi J. , Coquard Benoit
Published: April 2019

Gavin Murray-Miller, The Cult of the Modern: Trans-Mediterranean France
and the Construction of French Modernity (Lincoln: University of Nebraska
Press, 2017).

John Murphy, Yearning to Labor: Youth, Unemployment, and Social Destiny in
Urban France (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2017).
Abattoirs-Usines, the Modernizing Project for the French Meat Trade, and World War I
Authors: Claflin Kyri W.
Published: April 2019

In the early twentieth century, French academic veterinarians launched a meat
trade reform movement. Their primary objective was the construction of a network of regional
industrial abattoirs equipped with refrigeration. These modern, efficient abattoirs-usines
would produce and distribute chilled dead meat, rather than livestock, to centers of
consumption, particularly Paris. This system was hygienic and economical and intended
to replace the insanitary artisanal meat trade centered on the La Villette cattle market and
abattoir in Paris. The first abattoirs-usines opened during World War I, but within 10 years
the experiment had begun to encounter serious difficulties. For decades afterward, the
experiment survived in the collective memory as a complete fiasco, even though some
abattoirs-usines in fact persisted by altering their business models. This article examines the
roadblocks of the interwar era and the effects of both the problems and their perception
on the post-1945 meat trade.
Editor's Note
Authors: Holbraad Martin
Published: April 2019

This issue includes our First Book Symposium, a new feature for Social Analysis
that replaces the book reviews section we have had for a number of years. In
each regular issue of the journal, we shall be devoting this feature to a single
book written by a first-time author, which in one way or another develops new
potentials for anthropological analysis (this being the core intellectual mission
of our journal). The book will be subjected to sustained critique by relevant
scholars, to which the author will then respond. We hope that this more focused
approach will allow for a deeper engagement with emerging currents of analysis
than what the shorter book review format allows, providing also a platform for
books by scholars who are not already established and well known.
The Swiss Paradox
Authors: Gold Marina
Published: April 2019

The Swiss system of direct democracy is in many ways paradoxical.
The federal structure counteracts the formation of centralizing
state hierarchies and protects the egalitarian representation of local political
interests. Simultaneously, local political structures can have hierarchical
and exclusionary effects, especially when democratic processes are
turned into values. This article considers the tensions between egalitarian
and hierarchical values in Swiss democratic structures in the wake
of the rise of anti-foreigner and anti-EU passions harnessed by extreme
right-wing parties. These tensions are heightened in the context of global
processes that are transforming the structures of the state, as corporate
power undermines state apparatuses with the potential to subvert democratic
practices.
First Book Symposium
Authors: Chuhila Maxmillian Julius , Das Veena , Pillen Alex , Myhre Knut Christian
Published: April 2019

This issue inaugurates the First Book Symposium as a feature in the pages of
Social Analysis. Instead of including ourselves among the journals that devote a
section to book reviews in their regular issues, as we have done for many years,
we feel that a more focused approach is better suited to our goal of exploring the
potentials of anthropological analysis. Adopting from other journals the format
of the book symposium, in which a single book is subjected to sustained critical
engagement by relevant scholars, we devote it in particular to discussion of
books by first-time authors. Our aim is, on the one hand, to give a platform to
scholars who are not already widely known and established and, on the other,
to acquaint our readers with ideas and analytical approaches that are fresh.

Knut Christian Myhre, Returning Life: Language, Life Force and History
in Kilimanjaro (New York: Berghahn Books, 2018), 336 pp., illustrations,
bibliography, index. eBook. eISBN 9781785336669.
The sleeves of Dollarization’s straitjacket over Ecuador
Authors: Calle Emilio José
Published: April 2019

IntroductionEcuador's inflation is not converging towards that of the United States; that the drop in Ecuador's inflation is due to the domino effect of the fall in interest rates on public debt, that is, the "price" of money for using a hard currency, which in turn is due to the dollarization which is a commitment tool that guarantees that the country will not devalue. Objective tries to demonstrate that this elimination of the senora has direct repercussions on all aspects of the economy of the country, and that when eliminated requires these variables to be reorganized to fill such a gap. Materials and methods will summarize the ideas of Solow's economic convergence model, followed by the market model of human capital and endogenous growth through the technology proposed by Romer Result. This re-organization of the variables of the Ecuadorian economic model will result in Ecuador's economic growth rate is a reflection. Discussion Dollarization creates the necessary conditions for projects aimed at improving industries Conclusions This study also shows that social mobility in Ecuador will almost stagnate.
The odotypes and their intervention in Brand Recall
Authors: Salas Luzuriaga Edgar
Published: April 2019

Introduction This article deals with the influence of olfactory marketing on consumer behaviour and its relationship with the brand in question. Objective to determine the influence of aroma on shopping behavior and brand recall.Materials and methods To this end, a literature review of studies on the influence of aroma on shopping behaviour or brand recall of consumers or potential customers was conducted. Results So it is argued that olfactory marketing is a technique that consists in creating aromas of association that generate brand recall and that, in addition, Discussion stimulate the consumer subconsciously in the purchase decision process, making it faster and more impulsive.Conclusions This practice has been adopted by a number of brands worldwide as part of their marketing strategies in order not only to increase sales but also to generate links with customers and a stronger positioning in the minds of the consumers.
The games in mathematics learning at the top level
Authors: Barros Víctor Manuel , Martínez Calero Melba Bettsy
Published: April 2019

Introduction This work constitutes an application of the games as a tool to encourage the learning of Mathematics of first semester students of the Teacher Training Course in Mathematics and Physics of the University of Guayaquil. The intent was Objective to integrate interdisciplinarity into a single activity. Materials and methods playful elements and cooperative work were used to develop the classroom activities. The students managed to conceptualize important elements of Geometry, Probabilities, Counting and Tics. Discussion enhance the reflection of students on the manipulative activity that takes place in classes, because this reflection is the basis for the construction of their own mathematical ideas. Conclusions Applying the games allowed greater participatory action and understanding of abstract concepts.
Inestabilidad de la cintura escapular secundario a fractura de acromion asociada a luxación acromioclavicular. A propósito de un caso. Hospital Luis Vernaza
Authors: Tatiana Tumbaco Tumbaco , Martinez Vizuete Wilson , Angélica María Tumbaco Tumbaco , Jiménez Pinto Felipe , Ramirez Pulua Dennis
Published: April 2019

Introduction The superior suspensory complex (SSSC) described by Goss, is a ring composed of the glenoid, the coracoid process, the coracoclavicular ligaments, the distal clavicle, the acromioclavicular joint and the acromial process. A double disruption of the upper suspensory complex of the shoulder produces an instability between the complex of the scapular waist and the axial skeleton, called "floating shoulder". Objective. It establishes the importance of the study of cases concerning the instability of the shoulder girdle Materials and methods Here is shown the case of a patient with double disruption of the SSSC, Results for displaced fracture of acromion associated with acromioclavicular dislocation, treated surgically with satisfactory results. Discussion Although surgical indications have been reported, the fixation techniques of these fractures is limited. Conclusions We present this case that is not frequent in our professional practice.
Analysis of the generation and consumption of animated audiovisual content in Ecuador
Authors: Moncayo Romero Mario
Published: April 2019

Introduction With the passage of time, audiovisual productions are increasingly demanded by the public and these are part of the cultural industry of any country. However, there is a noticeable change in the production of these since currently the topics of interest are very diverse. ObjectiveAnalyze the generation of animated content in Ecuador Materials and methodsThe following article presents a short analysis on audiovisual production from the documentary and systemic review. ResultsA critical interpellation with this framework of action allows to verify that production is favored to date DiscussionThe cultural industry replaces everything common for original and innovative facts Conclusionscountries undergo rapid cultural changes in the wake of globalization
The Journal Aggregator System Concept Using User Centered Design (UCD) Approach
Authors: Afrianto Irawan , Atin Sufa
Published: April 2019

Journal as a medium to explain the results of research. It has developed in such a way especially because of the rapid support of information and communication technology today. Various models of online-based journaling management can be easily operated by journals managers as well as writers / researchers who will include research results in the journal. It's just that with the number of journals that exist today, causing difficulties for the manager of journals to be able to promote the journals he managed, in addition to the manager of the journal sometimes difficult to get a researcher who would put his paper into the journal he manages. Meanwhile, with the number of journals that have been online, researchers will find it difficult to get information from the journals. Researchers should open their journal entries, read their profiles and publications, until they are interested to include papers in the journal. This problem is the background of the development of online journals aggregator system, which with this system will facilitate the meeting between journals, journal managers and writers or researchers. In order to develop an online journal aggregator system, a software development method is needed that directly captures the needs of its users. User Centered Design (UCD) is a philosophy in software design that puts users as the center of system development. The UCD approach has been supported by various techniques, methods, tools, procedures, and processes that help design a more user-centered interactive system. With UCD it is expected that the online journals aggregator system can produce a design that will make it easier for its users, both in terms of functionality and from the side of the system interface.
INTEGRASI NILAI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MULTIKULTURAL DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Rahmawati Ratih
Published: April 2019

Values covers everything assumed meaningful for someone’s life in which its considerations are based on the quality of true-false, good-bad, or beautiful-unbeautiful and its orientation is anthropocentric or theocentric. The scope of values taught in formal education is indeed large; therefore the process of realizing the values can run integrally in the educational process. The educational attempts in term of intra-curricular, extracurricular or school’s cultural atmosphere is a place where the values can be integrally implemented in the educational process. The value education is very good to be implanted since the early ages as the prevention of value conflict due to differences in identity, gender, ethnicity, race, and culture. Therefore, value education through multicultural learning should be intensified and as the main subject is elementary school students. With this they are expected to be ready to live in harmony peace and harmony.
KONSELING KELUARGA DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL PADA POLA PIKIR ANAK
Authors: Khumairo Aisyah
Published: April 2019

Family as the first and the nearest environment has primary responsibility in the value of education to children. Parenting activities conducted by parents in the family is one form of educational process of cultural values ​​as a whole. The importance of multicultural education given to children early with the hope that the child is able to understand that in their environment and also in other environments are cultural diversity. The present article intends to provide an overview and ideas on family counseling in developing local knowledge in the mindset of children by conducting a literature review that looked at family counseling can become an alternative program to realize the love child of the local culture. There are two approaches to do in this case: 1). Individual approach or also called individual counseling which attempts to explore emotions, experiences and thoughts klien. 2). Family Conseling, discussion in families led by a family counselor.
KETELADANAN ORANG TUA DAN GURU DALAM PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Suhono Suhono , Utama Ferdian
Published: April 2019

This research has a background in education that the phenomenon should be addressed immediately, because there are still many as an educator has not been able to exercise his duty and many educators who deliver learning aren't competent in the field of science, so be bad for generations beyond. Example of parents and teachers make the most superior education concept in the process of growth and development of learners.

The research problem is how to understand the exemplary of parents and teachers to educate the children in its relevance towards the growth and development of the child's parents and teachers Example in the growth and development of children Parenthood And Teacher In Growth and Development of Early Childhood (Perspective Abdullah Nashih Ulwan Review Book of Tarbiyyah Al-Aulad Fi Al-Islam ). The researchers used library research and used the historical and philosophical approach. In analyzing the data, researchers used “tekhnik analisis dan deskriptik analitik”

The Result showed that that the concept Model of Abdullah Nashih Ulwan was influentif and it was the most convincing method of success in preparing children to improve their personality in moral, social, and spiritual. Therefore as an educator must possess a good example figure, according to the criteria of the teachings given by Islam on akhlakul karimah.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TIPE JIGSAW DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA DI SMP NEGERI 5 KOTA METRO
Authors: Budiarti Budiarti
Published: April 2019

Science is one of the most important subject in senior high school. Even though for SMPN 5 Metro students.  Increasing learning result is the teacher responsibly. Every teacher hoped to motivate and increase the students learning result. So that, number of effort has been tried to fulfill this big job.SMPN 5 Metro is one of the junior high schools in Metro city. Base on the pre-survey data, the students learning result of science subject and their learning participation was still low. This problems caused by some factors, both internal and external factor has accured in learning process. The researcher tried to implement the JIGSAW type of learning cooperative model fo recovering this problem. After conducting the research by implementating JIGSAW type of learning cooperative model in science subject, the researcher found that the students learning result can be increased 36,34%. Whereas 46,66% of students can fulfill MMC 70, before treatment and 83% after treatmen. It was also about the students learning activities can be improved till 8,3%, from 73% up to 81,3% at the end of second cycle. It is mean that JIGSAW type of learning cooperative model can increase the students learning result and their learning activities effectively. This JIGSAW type of learning cooperative model can also be an alternative learning model in science instructional process.
MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENTS (TGT) PADA MATERI BENDA DAN SIFATNYA
Authors: Shobirin Ma'as , Rochmana Siti
Published: April 2019

This study aims to describe the implementation of learning model of Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) and measure an increaseing in the achievements of science through a model of TGT on the students of class V MI Gebanganom Semarang Timur. The research used a classroom action reasearchs. This includes several methods PTK stages, namely planning, action, the observation and reflection. The process of the study was conducted as much as 2 cycle and 1 pre- cycle. The indicator of the success of this research is increasing the achievements science. The results of research based on the show that an increase in the learning achievements was significant. It is known of the data activities cycle I being active learn students of 73,5 %, while cycle II on the rise of 89,28 %. This is evident from the percentage of completeness learned in classical, namely of the data early or pre- cycle of 47,05 %, on the cycle I of 76,47 %, and in the cycle II on the rise of 94,12 %. Thus, the implementation of learning model TGT was very effective to improve the student’s achievement.
KAJIAN KEBIJAKAN UJIAN NASIONAL ONLINE
Authors: Hendarman Nfn
Published: April 2019

Abstrak

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemungkinan pelaksanaan Ujian Nasional (UN) secara online. Secara khusus kajian ini akan mengidentifikasi inisiatif yang telah dilakukan dalam rangka penerapan UN online dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan penerapan UN online. Kajian yang dilakukan merupakan analisis dokumentasi dan publikasi lainnya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua inisiatif yang telah dilakukan yaitu berupa Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) dan UN online. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan penerapan UN online adalah keamanan, infrastruktur dan kesiapan sekolah. Disarankan agar Pemerintah memulai penerapan UN online secara bertahap dan terbatas dengan menggunakan peta infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) pada satuan-satuan pendidikan.

Kata Kunci: Ujian Nasional, online, CAT, TIK

Abstract

This article is to analyse the possibility of the implementation of online National Examination. The analysis is specifically to identify initiatives taken for online national examination and factors influencing the successful implementation of UN online. Documentation and related publications were used for this analysis. The results showed that two iniatives related to UN online are in progress, namely Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) and UN online. The successful implementation of UN online depends on three factors, namely security, infrastructure and school readiness. It is recommended that the Government should initiate the implementation of UN online in stages and limited scopes by using the mapping of school availability for Information Communication and Technology (ICT) infrastructure.

Keywords: national exam, online, CAT, ICT
ARBITRARINESS OF SOUND SYMBOLYSM IN ENGLISH AND JAPANESE
Authors: Rzhevska Dariia
Published: April 2019

The article determines that the form of a word bears an arbitrary relation to its meaning accounts only partly for the attested relations between form and meaning in the world’s languages. A long history of research has considered the role of iconicity in language and the existence and role of non-arbitrary properties in language and the use of language. Recent research in English and Japanese suggests a more textured view of vocabulary structure, in which arbitrariness is complemented by iconicity (aspects of form resemble aspects of meaning) and systematicity (statistical regularities in forms predict function). Sound symbolism is the systematic and non-arbitrary link between word and meaning. Although a number of behavioral studies demonstrate that both children and adults are universally sensitive to sound symbolism in mimetic words, the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not yet been extensively investigated. Experimental evidence suggests these form to meaning correspondences serve different functions in language processing, development and communication: systematicity facilities category learning by means of phonological cues, iconicity facilitates word learning and communication by means of perceptuomotor analogies, and arbitrariness facilitates meaning individuation through distinctive forms. For one, there can be external reasons why a particular form would go with a given meaning, such as sound symbolism. Also, there are systematicities in English, as well as, in Japanese, where words with similar forms are more likely than chance to have similar meanings. The article also relates to a comparative methods used to test what it is that leads phonæsthemes to be mentally represented, measuring effects of frequency, cue validity, and sound symbolism.
PLURIZENTRITITÄT DER DEUTSCHSPRACHIGEN TERMINOLOGIE IM AMTS- UND VERWALTUNGSBEREICH
Authors: Kashchy Olena
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the revealing and analysis of the lexical features of the Austrian version of the German language as a pluriscentric language in the field of management and administration. The lexical differences between the German and Austrian versions of the German language are so significant that they can hinder free orientation in the German-speaking space and correct language use. The existing lexical differences are partly caused by the social and public system peculiarities of the country, the specifics of the administrative structure and state broadcasting. The sources of the research are texts of Austrian media publications.
Study material is consisted of lexical units obtained by continuous selection of Austrian print media “Standard” and “Österreich Spiegel”. In the course of the study, in the texts of the printed publications were revealed lexical items, which are codified standard norms of the Austrian version of the German language. The analysis of available data allows us to classify several types of parallel forms in the Austrian and German variants of the German language: synonymous forms, denoting the same reality, but using different lexical items; synonymous lexical items to denote the same objects and phenomena, the distinction between which is purely formal; lexical items denoting realities, that are typical for only one country of the German-speaking space, or objects and phenomena whose similarities are limited; and lexical items that do not differ formally and are used in both versions of the pluricentric language, but have different meanings or synonyms only in one of the possible values.
A Life Course Approach to Immigrants’ Relocation: Linking Long- and Short-distance Mobility Sequences
Authors: Lacroix Julie , Zufferey Jonathan
Published: April 2019

This paper integrates life course principles to investigate interdependencies between residential, family and professional trajectories following an international migration, and enhance the more classic micro-economic explanations of foreign-born internal migration. Using retrospective data from the Swiss Household Panel survey, we follow foreign-born residents for a six-year period and analyse long- and short-distance mobility outcomes. By considering repeated migration in a multilevel framework, we tackle the question of whether successive migration is due to a short-term adjustment process or rather to a long-term phenomenon for a hypermobile segment of the population. The results corroborate important synchronicities between marriage, employment transitions and spatial outcomes, but fail to confirm the simultaneous process of childbirth and residential relocation. We conclude that successive long-distance and successive short-distance migration are confined to a selected segment of the population with high latent mobility propensity, while a long-short migration sequence rather results from a process of housing adjustment.
“Eu tenho algo a dizer”/“Aqui tem voz”: costumes em comum
Authors: Camargos Roberto
Published: April 2019

Recebido:  16/10/2017 Aprovado:  20/11/2017Publicado: 10/12/2017Neste artigo promovo um mergulho no universo musical e cultural do rap para captar, em composições produzidas no Brasil entre o final dos anos 1980 e os tempos atuais, elementos para analisar como a idéia de poder da palavra se transformou – ou foi forjada – em um dos valores fundamentais da prática cultural e musical dos rappers brasileiros. A hipótese é que a defesa dessa idéia criou e alimentou a postura que vê no poder da palavra um espaço de intervenção, um modo de se fazer presente na sociedade, de colocar em circulação leituras de mundo e sentimentos que não fazem parte dos valores hegemônicos que marginalizavam, por exemplo, negros e pobres. Palavras-chave: rap, performance discursiva, sensibilidade popular
Phytoremediation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Eichhornia crassipes
Authors: Tan Ai Wei Ivy
Published: April 2019

It is inevitable that the manufacturing process of palm oil is accompanied by the generation of a massive amount of high strength wastewater, namely palm oil mill effluent (POME), which could pose serious threat to the aquatic environment. POME which contains high organic compounds originating from biodegradable materials causes water pollution if not properly managed. Palm oil industries are facing the challenges to make ends meet in the aspects of natural assurance, financial reasonability and development sustainability. It is therefore crucial to seek a practical solution to achieve the goal of environmental protection while continuing the economic sustainability. Phytoremediation has been proven as a potential method for removal or degradation of various hazardous contaminants. However, research on phytoremediation of POME using Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes) is still limited. This study aims to determine the feasibility of applying phytoremediation technique using E. crassipes for POME treatment. The effects of pH, plant:POME ratio and retention time on the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) of POME were investigated. The highest BOD removal of 92.6% was achieved after 21 days retention time at pH 4 with plant:POME ratio of 1:20 kg/L. The highest COD removal of 20.7% was achieved after 14 days retention time at pH 6 with plant:POME ratio of 1:20 kg/L. Phytoremediation using E. crassipes was shown to be a promising eco-friendly technique for POME treatment, and is therefore recommended as a good alternative treatment solution for this industrial effluent.
Social policy and the production of age norms for later life: The case of ageing policies in Chile
Authors: González Velastín Rodrigo
Published: April 2019

Social policies have been recognised as guiding narratives that promote and legitimise certain models of ageing. This finding, however, has been achieved by studies focussed on the reality of developed countries. Furthermore, little is known about how social policies promote age norms for later life in the context of developing countries. This research addresses this knowledge gap and focusses on the Chilean case, paying particular attention to what age norms are promoted by the two national ageing policies implemented by this country in 1996 and 2012. A critical discourse analysis method was used to identify the ways in which each policy conceptualises ageing as a social problem and the prescriptive behaviours and expectations that each policy promotes regarding old age. Results indicate that a rhetorical evolution can be observed in the analysed period, as each policy promotes different later life depictions and social norms.
The Interactive Design Approach for Aerodynamic Shape Design Optimisation of the Aegis UAV
Authors: Azabi Yousef , Savvaris Al , Kipouros Timoleon
Published: April 2019

In this work, an interactive optimisation framework—a combination of a low fidelity flow solver, Athena Vortex Lattice (AVL), and an interactive Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation (MOPSO)—is proposed for aerodynamic shape design optimisation of any aerial vehicle platform. This paper demonstrates the benefits of interactive optimisation—reduction of computational time with high optimality levels. Progress towards the most preferred solutions is made by having the Decision Maker (DM) periodically provide preference information once the MOPSO iterations are underway. By involving the DM within the optimisation process, the search is directed to the region of interest, which accelerates the process. The flexibility and efficiency of undertaking optimisation interactively have been demonstrated by comparing the interactive results with the non-interactive results of an optimum design case obtained using Multi-Objective Tabu Search (MOTS) for the Aegis UAV. The obtained results show the superiority of using an interactive approach for the aerodynamic shape design, compared to posteriori approaches. By carrying out the optimisation using interactive MOPSO it was shown to be possible to obtain similar results to non-interactive MOTS with only half the evaluations. Moreover, much of the usual complexity of post-data-analysis with posteriori approaches is avoided, since the DM is involved in the search process.
Effects of Reduced Tillage on Weed Pressure, Nitrogen Availability and Winter Wheat Yields under Organic Management
Authors: Hofmeijer Merel , Krauss Maike , Berner Alfred , Peigné Joséphine , Mäder Paul , Armengot Laura
Published: April 2019

Reduced tillage reduces soil erosion and increases topsoil organic matter compared with conventional tillage. However, yields are often reported to be lower, presumably, due to increased weed pressure and a slower N mineralization under organic farming conditions. The effects of reduced tillage compared with ploughing on weed infestation and winter wheat performance at four different crop stages, i.e., tillering, stem elongation, flowering, and harvest, was monitored for a single season in an eleven-year-old organic long-term tillage trial. To disentangle the effects of weed presence on crop yield and potential crop performance, subplots were cleaned from weeds during the whole cropping season. Weed biomass was consistently higher under reduced tillage. Soil mineral nitrogen contents under reduced tillage management were higher, which could be explained by the earlier ley termination in autumn compared with the conventional tillage system. Nitrogen status of wheat assessed with SPAD measurements was consequently higher under reduced tillage throughout the season. At harvest, wheat biomass and grain yield were similar in both tillage systems in the presence of weeds, but 15–18% higher in the reduced tillage system when weeds were removed. The negative impact of weeds on yields were not found with conventional tillage with a low weed infestation. Results suggest that reduced tillage can provide equivalent and even higher yields to conventional tillage in organically managed winter wheat if weed management is improved and good nutrient supply is assured.
Laying Performance, Physical, and Internal Egg Quality Criteria of Hens Fed Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and Exogenous Enzyme Mixture
Authors: Abd El-Hack Mohamed , Mahrose Khalid , Attia Faten , Swelum Ayman , Taha Ayman , Shewita Ramadan , Hussein El-Sayed , Alowaimer Abdullah
Published: April 2019

The effects of dietary inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles in laying hen diets with and without exogenous enzyme mixture (EEM) on performance and egg characteristics were evaluated. One of the main objectives of this study was to examine the effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and enzyme cocktail on egg yolk fatty acids. The study used total of 144 Hisex Brown laying hens in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, including four levels of DDGS (0, 6, 12, and 18% of diet) and two levels of enzyme cocktail (0 or 250 mg EEM/kg of diet) through 32–42 weeks of the age. The inclusion of 18% DDGS was associated with the worst (p ≤ 0.001) egg production and the lowest daily feed intake. Numerically, hens fed 6% DDGS diet consumed more feed and had the greatest egg production. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in the control, while the worst was recorded in the 18% DDGS group. Compared with EEM-free diets, EEM supplementation improved FCR by about 2.79%, but the difference was not significant. Shell thickness and shell percentage were significantly increased in hens fed 6% DDGS diet compared to other groups. Egg weights in the 6% and 12% DDGS groups were significantly higher than those in the control and 18% DDGS groups. Non-significant increases in shell and albumin percentages were recorded in groups fed EEM-supplemented diets. The interaction effect of DDGS and EEM was significant (p ≤ 0.01) for the majority of egg characteristics. As dietary DDGS level increased, yolk color density increased. Elevating DDGS level up to 18% increased yolk cholesterol, total fat, and total unsaturated fatty acids. The effects of EEM supplementation on egg yolk fatty acid composition and the interaction effects between DDGS and EEM were not significant. Considering these results, it could be concluded that DDGS is an acceptable feed ingredient in layer diets and that the maximum inclusion level of DDGS should not exceed 12% of the whole diet.
Gut Microbiota Shifts in Pup Athymic BALB/c Mice: An Updated Identification in Nude Mice
Authors: Li Yuting , Sun Hao , Du Beibei , Xu Hui
Published: April 2019

It is commonly recognized that immunodeficiency modifies the gut microbiota in mammals. However, little information on the gut microbiota is available for athymic nude mice; one of the most popular animals for modeling immunodeficiency and tumors. In this study, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was performed to investigate the gut microbial composition of pup nude BALB/c mice during a 30-day experimental period. In contrast to pup normal mice, pup nude mice showed a significant variation in gut microbiota. Continuously decreased dynamics of the gut bacterial Shannon index, abnormal Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, the rarity of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, and a developmental lag of gut bacterial functions were observed in nude mice. The shift in gut microbiota and abnormal colonization of beneficial bacterial species in nude mice provide an updated insight into the nude mouse tumor model and a new perspective for establishing an animal model for study on dysbacteriosis.
Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Resistance of Extensively Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Eichenberger Emily M. , Thaden Joshua T.
Published: April 2019

Antibiotic resistance has increased markedly in gram-negative bacteria over the last two decades, and in many cases has been associated with increased mortality and healthcare costs. The adoption of genotyping and next generation whole genome sequencing of large sets of clinical bacterial isolates has greatly expanded our understanding of how antibiotic resistance develops and transmits among bacteria and between patients. Diverse mechanisms of resistance, including antibiotic degradation, antibiotic target modification, and modulation of permeability through the bacterial membrane have been demonstrated. These fundamental insights into the mechanisms of gram-negative antibiotic resistance have influenced the development of novel antibiotics and treatment practices in highly resistant infections. Here, we review the mechanisms and global epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in some of the most clinically important resistance phenotypes, including carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae, extensively drug resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and XDR Acinetobacter baumannii. Understanding the resistance mechanisms and epidemiology of these pathogens is critical for the development of novel antibacterials and for individual treatment decisions, which often involve alternatives to β-lactam antibiotics.
The Role of the Plant Antioxidant System in Drought Tolerance
Authors: Laxa Miriam , Liebthal Michael , Telman Wilena , Chibani Kamel , Dietz Karl-Josef
Published: April 2019

Water deficiency compromises plant performance and yield in many habitats and in agriculture. In addition to survival of the acute drought stress period which depends on plant-genotype-specific characteristics, stress intensity and duration, also the speed and efficiency of recovery determine plant performance. Drought-induced deregulation of metabolism enhances generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which in turn affect the redox regulatory state of the cell. Strong correlative and analytical evidence assigns a major role in drought tolerance to the redox regulatory and antioxidant system. This review compiles current knowledge on the response and function of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide under drought stress in various species and drought stress regimes. The meta-analysis of reported changes in transcript and protein amounts, and activities of components of the antioxidant and redox network support the tentative conclusion that drought tolerance is more tightly linked to up-regulated ascorbate-dependent antioxidant activity than to the response of the thiol-redox regulatory network. The significance of the antioxidant system in surviving severe phases of dehydration is further supported by the strong antioxidant system usually encountered in resurrection plants.
Estimation of Source-Based Aerosol Optical Properties for Polydisperse Aerosols from Receptor Models
Authors: Jung Chang Hoon , Lee Ji Yi , Um Junshik , Lee Seoung Soo , Yoon Young Jun , Kim Yong Pyo
Published: April 2019

We estimated source-based aerosol optical properties for polydisperse aerosols according to a chemical-species-resolved mass contribution method based on source apportionment. We investigated the sensitivity of aerosol optical properties based on PM2.5 (particulate matter that have a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers) monitoring results. These aerosols were composed of ions, metals, elemental carbon, and water-soluble organic carbon which includes humic-like carbon substances and water-soluble organic carbon. We calculated aerosols’ extinction coefficients based on the PM2.5 composition data and the results of a multivariate receptor model (Solver for Mixture Problem model, SMP). Based on the mass concentration of chemical composition and nine sources calculated with the SMP receptor model, we estimated the size-resolved mass extinction efficiencies for each aerosol source using a multilinear regression model. Consequently, this study quantitatively determined the size resolved sources contributing to the apportionment-based aerosol optical properties and calculated their respective contributions. The results show that source-resolved mass concentrations and extinction coefficients had varying contributions. This discrepancy between the source-based mass concentration and extinction coefficient was mainly due to differences between the source-dependent aerosol size distribution and the aerosol optical properties from different sources.
Analytical Modeling of the Temperature Using Uniform Moving Heat Source in Planar Induction Heating Process
Authors: Li Feng , Ning Jinqiang , Liang Steven Y.
Published: April 2019

The planar induction heating possesses more difficulties in industry application compared with traditional spiral induction coils in mostly heat treatment processes. Numerical approaches are adopted in the power distribution and temperature prediction during the induction heating process, which has a relatively low computational efficiency. In this work, an analytical calculation model of the planar induction heating with magnetic flux concentrator is investigated based on the uniform moving heating source. In this model, the power density in the surface of the workpiece induced by coils is calculated and applied into the analytical model of the temperature calculation using a uniform moving heat source. Planar induction heating tests are conducted under various induction coil parameters and the corresponding temperature evolution is obtained by the infrared imaging device NEC R300W2-NNU and the thermocouples. The final surface temperature prediction is compared to the finite element simulation results and experimental data. The analytical results show a good match with the finite element simulation and the experimental results, and the errors are in reasonable range and acceptable. The analytical model can compute the temperature distribution directly and the computational time is much less than the finite element method. Therefore, the temperature prediction method in this work has the advantage of less experimental and computational complexity, which can extend the analytical modeling methodology in induction heating to a broader application.