bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"A bela e a fera"
Authors: Gambassi Giulia Mendes , Yamasaki Thaís Tiemi da Silva
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho iremos analisar duas reportagens feitas no ano de 2016, acerca de Dilma Rousseff e Marcela Temer, para observar quais performances do gênero feminino aparecem na mídia em um contexto (que interpretamos como) de golpe políticomidiático e quais são as produções de sentido que emergem desses textos em relação às mulheres neles citadas. Ressaltamos que este artigo foi produzido em contexto de greve de estudantes, funcionários e docentes da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), que durou de maio a julho de 2016, sendo resultado de discussões feitas no GT: Gênero e Sexualidade, formado no Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) no primeiro semestre do mesmo ano, coordenado pela Profa. Dra. Isadora Lins França e pela Dra. Carolina Branco Castro Ferreira.
O Haiti e suas migrações
Authors: Dieme Kassoum
Published: April 2021

Este artigo aborda as migrações haitianas ao longo da história, baseando-se apenas nos grandes fluxos para/ou do Haiti. De um país particularmente marcado pela imigração antes de sua independência, o Haiti se transforma num país que registra muito mais saídas de pessoas para viver fora do país do que chegadas em território nacional. Entre os principais destinos dos grandes fluxos da emigração haitiana, o Brasil aparece como o mais recente, tendo recebendo haitianos com base numa política exclusiva de acolhimento institucional (humanitária) vigente de janeiro de 2012 a outubro de 2017. Diante disso, o texto se detém sobre as Resoluções N° 97/12 e N° 08/06, acionadas por razões humanitárias, levantando questões acerca das condições de existência e de permanência de haitianos no Brasil ao longo dos últimos oito anos.
As migrações de haitianos na Guiana Francesa
Authors: Granger Stéphane
Published: April 2021

A Guiana Francesa, tradicional refúgio de migrações haitianas, surinamenses e brasileiras no Norte da América do Sul, vem conhecendo desde 2015 um aumento significativo da imigração haitiana, bem como novas migrações africanas e sírias. Se antigamente essas migrações chegavam pelo Suriname, porta de entrada das migrações caribenhas por conta de sua situação de interface entre os mundos amazônicos e caribenhos, elas agora também transitam pelo Brasil, país que se tornou recentemente um novo destino da emigração haitiana. Os novos migrantes haitianos estão agora buscando, além desse novo caminho, uma nova maneira de permanecer no território franco-guianense, pelo pedido de asilo político. O objetivo deste artigo, a partir de fontes estatísticas, pesquisas recentes, artigos da imprensa e estudos de campo, é o de analisar as novas dinâmicas das migrações haitianas na Guiana Francesa. Dentro de um contexto de alteração dos fluxos migratórios tradicionais, tentaremos explicar as novas estratégias dos migrantes haitianos para chegar e permanecer na Guiana Francesa, fazendo uso tanto da nova interface constituída pelo Brasil quanto de falhas da legislação francesa em relação aos estatutos migratórios.
Branquitude e representações sobre imigrantes haitianos no oeste catarinense
Authors: Soares Claudete Gomes , Andreola Neuri José
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir princípios e ideias norteadoras de uma pesquisa em andamento sobre os significados atribuídos à presença haitiana no oeste catarinense cuja constituição local está fortemente associada à identidade branca, marcadamente italiana e alemã, em prejuízo de outras identidades: caboclos e povos indígenas. O objetivo é evidenciar como essa branquitude hegemônica tem sido acionada nas relações entre moradores locais e imigrantes haitianos. Como forma de organizar os caminhos da pesquisa, revisitamos as categorias “preconceito de marca” e “preconceito de origem” cunhadas por Oracy Nogueira e acionamos as categorias de “estabelecidos” e “outsiders” de Elias e Scotson (2000). O trabalho de campo tem mostrado um processo de estereotipagem racial (STUART HALL, 2016) dos imigrantes haitianos pelos moradores brasileiros, fundamentado na suposta superioridade da origem europeia.
Entre Santa Bárbara d’ Oeste e o Haiti
Authors: Etechebere Rafaela Gava
Published: April 2021

Procuro discutir neste artigo alguns acontecimentos que marcaram as vidas e os corpos das haitianas Marli e Rose e, a partir de suas narrativas e das nossas vivências cotidianas, apresento algumas reflexões sobre “ser mãe” entre essas haitianas que se estabeleceram em Santa Bárbara d’Oeste. Através de suas experiências com trabalhos precários, com o racismo em sua violência mais diluída e corriqueira, como ocorre no Brasil, elas mostram as possibilidades de “ser mãe” em contextos em que o “prover” e o “cuidar” não podem ser feitos presencialmente e no dia a dia. Apresenta-se, assim, nas estratégias de construto de laços pelas de remessas, do contato frequente por meio de novas tecnologias, uma forma de resiliência à saudade que permeia seu cotidiano.
Demand forecasting within Montenegrin tourism using Box-Jenkins methodology for seasonal ARIMA models
Authors: Bigović Miloš
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to construct adequate seasonal ARIMA models, using Box-Jenkins methodology, and to implement them in order to forecast short run flows of tourist arrivals and tourist overnight stays in Montenegro. Time scope covers ten years, from 2001/01 to 2010/12, while twelve months of 2011 are out-of-sample forecasts. Close inspection of related time series was applied which revealed no extreme and unusual specificities in the data. Therefore, only economic impacts have been affected the time series. This was important because econometric intervention analysis was excluded from models designing and building. As a result, our approach was based on time series modelling without need to take care of any structural breaks. Modified Box-Pierce and Jarque-Bera test statistics confirmed good quality of the models. Further, the results show excellent forecasting performances of specified models. According to forecasting output, Montenegro can expect upgrowth in terms of tourist arrivals as well as in terms of tourist overnight stays. The model has shown around 7,25% rise in arrivals, which is about 91 thousands tourists more in 2011 compared with the previous year. On the other hand, the calculated rise of overnight stays is around 8,42%, or about 670 thousands more than the year before.
Organic food consumers in Hong Kong
Authors: Yap Matthew H. T.
Published: April 2021

Asian organic foods consumers’ behaviour is worth investigating to sustain the continuous growth of organic foods consumption. Hence, Fiona has the ambition to employ the innovation diffusion theory to profile and understand organic foods consumers in Hong Kong in her research proposal. The process of writing an acceptable research proposal is challenging, tedious and time consuming as depicted in Fiona’s experience. Hence, this case study provides the opportunity for educators, students, and organic foods sellers and retailers to discuss and address Fiona’s challenges.
Construct the destination image formation model of Macao: the case of Taiwan tourists to Macao
Authors: Hung Jui-Ying , Lin Feng-Li , Yang Wen-Goang , Lu Kuo-Song
Published: April 2021

The investigation based on the vigorous tourism industry and open up the gaming industry in the future to promote and construct the nation competition strength in Taiwan. Tourism destination image is an important factor which tourist chooses and plans their tourism schedule. But the concept of image includes inner psychology motivation, external environment factor or these two factors interaction to develop and integrate model. Therefore, this investigation aimed to construct the destination image formation model of Macao and take the Taiwan visitors to Macao for example. According to the findings, Taiwan tourists who actually visited Macao generally report positive tourist image in overall. Furthermore, the overall image of tourists visiting Macao can be enhanced if consumers’ return on investment and service superiority are conducted through experiential value perspective in terms of value/environment variables of Taiwan tourists’ perception or cognition perspective. Finally, a tourism image of Macao perceived by Taiwan tourists is built upon an experience in integrated industry surrounded by luxury atmosphere. To feel about the casino culture of mirage among Asian cities, and a national image of sense and sensibility after combining Eastern and Western culture are primary tourism motives of the study.
Analyzing income statement of 3 star hotels in Thessaloniki
Authors: Chouliaras Vassilis
Published: April 2021

The sector of hotel business in Greece is facing major problems. Based on several scientific studies, there is deteriorating financial situation and reduced efficiency. Moreover, many hotels have shown repeated losses. This study has attempted to investigate the effectiveness of the three star hotels of the city of Thessaloniki compared with the whole country. Also, with the regression method (regression analysis) sought the sources of profit or loss. Based on the accounts of all the hotels of this category in Thessaloniki, it was found that the economic situation and their effectiveness is not significantly different to that of the national total, although in general the situation is better. In addition, the structure of balance sheets and income statements show many differences between the different companies so it is not possible to draw firm conclusions about the sources of efficiency.
Influence of demographic characteristics on employee motivation in catering companies
Authors: Kukanja Marko
Published: April 2021

The purpose – The purpose of this study is to research motivators that help to attract, retain and motivate employees in the catering industry. Design – The special focus is given to the analysis of specific demographic factors and their influence on employee motivation. Methodology – Using available secondary data, key motivational factors for work in the catering industry are identified. Followed by a qualitative analysis, motivational factors are then compared to specific demographic factors. Approach – The survey was conducted in the municipality of Piran, which is touristly the most developed Slovenian municipality and an important tourist center in the northern Mediterranean. Findings – The findings show that motivational factors are strongly associated to different demographic factors. By understanding both, demographic factors and their influence on motivational factors, it is possible to successfully motivate different groups of employees. Practical considerations for managers of catering business, how to selectively motivate different groups of employees according to different demographic characteristics, are discussed in conclusion. The originality of this research – The originality comes from the analysis of the specifics of motivation in the catering industry, which provides the guidance and ideas for further improvements and research in this important sector of tourism.
Efficacy of Tocilizumab Therapy in Different Subtypes of COVID-19 Cytokine Storm Syndrome.
Authors: Oliynyk Oleksandr , Barg Wojciech , Slifirczyk Anna , Oliynyk Yanina , Gurianov Vitaliy , Rorat Marta
Published: April 2021

Background: Cytokine storm in COVID-19 is heterogenous. There are at least three subtypes: cytokine release syndrome (CRS), macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and sepsis. Methods: A retrospective study comprising 276 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. All patients were tested for ferritin, interleukin-6, D-Dimer, fibrinogen, calcitonin, and C-reactive protein. According to the diagnostic criteria, three groups of patients with different subtypes of cytokine storm syndrome were identified: MAS, CRS or sepsis. In each group, treatment results were assessed depending on whether or not tocilizumab was used. Results: MAS was diagnosed in 9.1% of the patients examined, CRS in 81.8%, and sepsis in 9.1%. Median serum ferritin in patients with MAS was significantly higher (5894 vs. 984 vs. 957 ng/ml, p <0.001) than in those with CRS or sepsis. Hypofibrinogenemia and pancytopenia were also observed in MAS patients. In CRS patients, a higher mortality rate was observed among those who received tocilizumab, 21 vs. 10 patients (p=0.043), RR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.0-4.3). In MAS patients, tocilizumab decreased the mortality, 13 vs. 6 patients (p=0.013), RR = 0.50 (95% CI 0.25-0.99). Сonclusions: Tocilizumab therapy in patients with COVID-19 and CRS was associated with increased mortality, while in MAS patients it contributed to reduced mortality.
The Establishment and Prediction of Regression Models of Energy Sales and System Peak Loading By Considering AMI Data for High Voltage Customers
Authors: Cho Ming-yuan , Li Chien-hsing
Published: April 2021

This paper uses the complex regression analysis method to establish the customer’s load regression models, which consider economic indicators, temperature and rainfall. Furthermore, the proposed models are used to study the forecasting feasibility of the future energy sales and summer peak load demand. At first, this paper used least-squares techniques to derive regression models for considering economic indicators and temperature of 34 customer energy sales and total energy sales. Besides, the AMI high voltage customer demand data and system generating capacity for 24 hours were adopted to forecast summer peak load. The above-mentioned data analysis tool is used by EViews software to achieve, in order to verify the feasibility of the research framework. The study found that although its forecasting model accuracy is low only when mixed with temperature and high voltage demands. So, when mixed with high voltage demand data and system generating capacity for 24 hours to forecast peak load, the average error is ± 0.87% and in the majority of its energy sales forecasting model of average error is ±3%. This result can provide power company as future reference.
Comparison and Contrast of Islamic Water Management Principles with International Water Law Principles: A Case Study of Helmand River Basin
Authors: Loodin Najibullah , Wolf Aaron
Published: April 2021

Considering the negative impacts of climate changes along with the rapid increase in population in Islamic dominated states, e.g., the Middle East, water tension among upstream and downstream states is increasing. Despite the importance of water management in Islamic culture, the role of religion has been under-valued and under-emphasized by the scholars. The paper has sought to compare and contrast Islamic water management principles (IWMP) with international water law principles (IWLP).
The findings from this analysis show not only that IWMP are in conformity with IWLP, but that in many cases, IWMP can be more effective. For instance, where international water accords between riparian states of a shared river basin are poorly developed and lack enforcement mechanisms under IWLP, those upstream states can abuse their geographical locations depriving those downstream-ers. In contrast, IWMPs stress the equitable and reasonable use of water resources among upstream and downstream users of a shared watercourse. Moreover, although IWLPs emphasize the conservation and preservation of ecosystems and the environment at the basin level, the inter-basin states especially those upstream can pose significant harm to the ecosystems. On the other side, Islam as the religion of peace, has placed much emphasis on the preservation of nature. For example, the verse, “.... And waste not by excess, for Allah loves not the wasters” [Quran, 7:31], illustrates the importance of the sustainable use of water and the environment.
It is argued that if Islamic Water Management Principles are incorporated into the management instrument of Islamic States, the issue of equitable and sustainable use of water among Muslim-dominated riparian states (e.g., Iran, Afghanistan, etc.) will be solved.
A Hierarchical Framework for Assessing Transmission Causality of Respiratory Viruses
Authors: Jefferson Tom , Heneghan Carl , Spencer Elizabeth , Brassey Jon , Pluddeman Annete , Onakpoya Igho , Evans David , Conly John
Published: April 2021

We propose a hierarchical framework based on our experience of systematically reviewing and synthesizing 378 primary studies for an evidence-based update of the modes of transmission for SARS-CoV-2. These studies revealed significant methodological shortcomings with a lack of standardization in the design, conduct, testing and reporting of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. While this situation is in part excusable at the outset of a pandemic, evidence rules of proof for assessing the transmission of this virus are needed for this and future pandemics of viral respiratory pathogens. We review the history of causality assessment related to microbial etiologies with a focus on respiratory viruses and suggest a hierarchy of evidence to integrate clinical, epidemiologic, molecular and laboratory perspectives on transmission. The hierarchy, if applied to future studies, should narrow the uncertainty over the twin concepts of causality and transmission of human respiratory viruses. We attempt to address the translational gap between the current research evidence and the assessment of causality in the transmission of respiratory viruses with a focus on SARS-CoV-2. Experimentation, consistency and independent replication of research alongside our proposed framework provide a chain of evidence that can reduce the uncertainty over the transmission of respiratory viruses and increase the level of confidence in specific modes of transmission and the measures that should be undertaken to prevent transmission
From User to Provider: Switching over in the Collaborative Economy
Authors: Ertz Myriam , Deschênes Jonathan , Sarigöllü Emine
Published: April 2021

The collaborative economy comprises resource circulation systems where consumers can act as both obtainers and providers of products and services. Despite considerable research on collaborative economies, there is a dearth of understanding of how individuals switch from being an obtainer to a provider. We address this void by drawing on 31 in-depth semi-structured interviews with collaborative economy obtainers. The findings suggest that personal values, learning experience, social benefits, mutuality, and peer influence drive obtainers to become providers. In contrast, distrusting strangers, a sense of intimacy, a lack of resources to share, and a lack of skills inhibit the switchover process. Our findings contextualize the drivers and inhibitors idiosyncratically to convert obtainers into providers, offer important implications for managers, contribute to the collaborative economy and sharing economy literature, and suggest compelling avenues for future research.
Perioperative Management of Sectio Caesarea Surgery in Patient With Heart Valve Disorders
Authors: Purwoko Purwoko , Athir Zidni Afrokhul
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy is common range from 1% to 3 and contributes to 10-15% of maternal mortality. Valvular heart disease accounts for about 25% of cases of cardiac complications in pregnancy and important cause of maternal mortality, some of which are mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation. Cesarean delivery remains the preferred choice, as it reduces the hemodynamic changes that can occur in normal delivery and allows for better monitoring and hemodynamic management. Our paper provide in-depth information regarding the pathophysiology of heart valve disease in pregnant women and an appropriate perianesthesia approach to obtain a good prognosis. We report a case of a 26-year-old pregnant woman, with obstetric status G1P0A0, 36 weeks’ gestation, body weight 61 kg accompanied by severe mitral regurgitation and moderate mitral stenosis. This patient was planned to undergo elective cesarean section. The patient's condition in the perioperative examination was: GCS E4V5M6, other vital signs within normal limits, SpO2 98-99% in supine position. Other physical and laboratory examinations were also within normal limits. The goal of anesthesia during surgery in patients with heart valve disease undergoing cesarean section maintain pulmonary capillary pressure to prevent acute pulmonary edema. In this case, regional anesthesia of epidural anesthesia was chosen because it can reduce systemic vascular resistance and provide better post-cesarean section pain. The patient's hemodynamics perianesthesia tended to be stable without any complications such as pulmonary edema.

 

 

 
Time Between 3 and 2 Ga: Transitional Events in the Earth’s History
Authors: Yarmolyuk V.V. , Kuzmin M.I. , Donskaya T.V. , Gladkochub D.P. , Kotov A.B.
Published: April 2021

—The time span between 3 and 2 Ga in the geologic history encompassed a number of key events on the cooling Earth. The cooling interrupted heat transfer within and across the mantle, which caused changes in Earth’s major spheres and in the mechanisms of their interaction. The great thermal divergence at 2.5 Ga and differentiation into the depleted upper asthenospheric and primitive lower mantle affected the compositions of oceanic basalts. The lower mantle cooling recorded by a systematic decrease in the temperature of komatiite magma generation at the respective depths began at 2.5 Ga and was accompanied by increasing abundance of arc basalts and by changes in the behavior of the Sr, Nd, and O isotope systems. It was the time when the continental lithosphere consisting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle and crust began its rapid growth, while the crust became enriched in felsic material with high contents of lithophile elements. Magmatism of the 3–2 Ga time span acquired more diverse major-element chemistry, with calc-alkaline and alkaline lithologies like carbonatite and kimberlite. The dramatic changes were driven by subduction processes, whereby the crust became recycled in the mantle and the double layer (D”) formed at the core–mantle boundary. The events of the 3–2 Ga interval created prerequisites for redox changes on the surface and release of free oxygen into the atmosphere. In terms of global geodynamics, it was transition from stagnantlid tectonics to plate tectonic regime, which approached the present-day style about 2.0–1.8 Ga.
First Results and Prospects of a New Approach to the Study of Active Geologic Processes by Space and Ground Instrumental Measurements (by the Example of Kamchatka and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt)
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. , Buslov M.M. , Vasilevskiy A.N. , Zhmodik S.M. , Kotlyarov A.V.
Published: April 2021

––The use of satellite-geological information permits generalization of studies of various active geologic processes in a new way. As reference examples, we consider geologic regions extensively covered by research with our contribution. The joint use of satellite images, maps of gravity anomalies, and seismic-tomography data for Kamchatka made it possible to construct 3D models of surficial and deep-seated (depths from 10–50 to 650 km) volcanic structures. For young volcanosedimentary structures of Kamchatka, it is possible to trace the interaction of various processes, from crystallization of magmas in magma chambers to ore and oil formation in calderas. Ancient tectonic structures and superposed Cenozoic deformations in the Tien Shan, Altai, and Baikal regions are clearly displayed in satellite images and on maps of gravity anomalies. The long-range impact of the Indo-Eurasian collision on the Tien Shan, Altai, and Baikal regions was expressed as shearing, which resulted in the most contrasting structures in the zones of junction of regional faults and along the framing of cratonal structures. The active structures of Gorny Altai contain numerous travertines, whose abundance is correlated with seismic activity. The mass formation of methane and gas hydrates in Lake Baikal might be related to mantle plume fluids.
Research on adjustable correlated color temperature COB-LED light source based on flip chips and screen printing technology
Authors: Zhang Rongrong , Wen Zuojie , Li Bingqian , Liang Shenghua , Yang Mingde , Xia Zhenghao
Published: April 2021

Using the characteristic of flip light emitting diode (LED) chips without front-side welding wires, before applying fluorescent glue throughout the luminous surface, a part of the chips are directionally and quantitatively coated fluorescent glue by screen printing process, a chip on board (COB) white LED light source is developed with adjustable correlated color temperature (CCT). A part of the blue LED chips in the light source excites the fluorescent glue to produce a warm white light (CCT = 2631K), and the other part produces cool white light (CCT = 6181K). When changing the driving current ratio of the two parts of the chips, the CCT of COB LED light source can be continuously adjusted between warm and cool white light. According to the measured data, the relationship between the CCT and the driving current ratio of the two parts is obtained by fitting. Within the adjustable range of the CCT (2631 K to 6181 K), the color rendering index (CRI) is about 90. The minimum is 89.3 and the maximum is 93.1. While achieving adjustable CCT and high CRI, the LED light source has a luminous flux of 1938.76 lm on a circular surface with a diameter of 11 mm. The overall luminous efficiency is close to 100 lm/W.
Within and between classroom transmission patterns of seasonal influenza and implications for pandemic management strategies at schools
Authors: Endo Akira ,   CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Uchida Mitsuo , Liu Yang , Atkins Katherine , Kucharski Adam , Funk Sebastian
Published: April 2021

Schools can play a central role in driving infectious disease transmission. Strategies for safe operation of schools during pandemics therefore need to carefully consider both the efficiency of measures for infection control and the impact on children through lost face-to face schooling time. Heterogeneous social contact patterns associated with the social structures of schools (i.e. classes/grades) are likely to influence the within-school transmission dynamics; however, empirical evidence on the fine-scale transmission patterns between students has been limited. Using a mathematical model, we analysed a large-scale dataset of seasonal influenza outbreaks in Matsumoto city, Japan to infer social interactions within and between classes/grades from observed transmission patterns. The overall within-school reproduction number, which determines the initial growth of cases and the risk of sustained transmission, was only minimally associated with class sizes and the number of classes per grade. We then used these patterns in a model parameterised separately to COVID-19 and pandemic influenza, and simulated school outbreaks under multiple strategies for minimising the risk of within-school transmission. Simulations suggested that with such transmission patterns, interventions changing class structures (e.g. reduced class sizes) may not be effective in reducing the risk of major school outbreaks upon introduction of a case and that other precautionary measures (e.g. screening and isolation) need to be employed. Class-level closures in response to detection of a case were suggested to be effective in reducing the size of an outbreak when regular screening tests for students are not available.
Optomechanically induced transparency and possible application in a quadratic-coupling optomechanical system with an induced electric field
Authors: Yu Chunchao , Yang Wenxing , Chen Fang , Sun Lihui , Zhang Huafeng
Published: April 2021

Tunable optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) with an induced electric field (IEF) in a quadratic-coupling optomechanical system is theoretically investigated. The system transmission rate under different controlling parameters has been discussed. It is revealed that both phase and group delay of the probe field can be adjusted by the IEF and pump field. Such a system may be used in tunable optical buffer, IEF detector, modulator or other optical devices.
The challenges in control COVID-19 in Injibera, Awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Amsalu Alemayehu
Published: April 2021

Background: In the globe, on April 2021, 130 million coronavirus cases, around 2.8 million were deaths, 102 million were recovered and 105.2 million were closed cases of COVID-19 reported. On April 2021, the world population were 7.9 billion of which United Nations estimates were 1.65% COVID-19 cases included the Ethiopia in report. The main objective of the study was identify the challenges of in control COVID-19.Methods: The cross-sectional study design was used November to February 2021 in Injibera from Ethiopia. The total 385 respondents using simple random sampling were interviewed. The chi-square test of association and ordinal logistic regression was applied to identify the effect of predictor variables on challenges in control COVID-19.Results: Out of 385 respondents 277(71.95%) were high challenges in control COVID-19 in Injibera. There was a significant relationship with social media and challenges of in control virus (p-value = 0.047). The variables considered social media, housing status and influence were significant relationship with challenges of in control virus (p-value < 5%). Facebook users were the responsible causes of challenges in control COVID-19 (p-value = 0.023). The more social media followed, decreased the occurrence of challenges in control virus. In addition, a unit increase rented, the challenges in control virus decreased by 0.60 times (p-value = 0.009).Conclusion: Winning against the coronavirus together with world couldn’t be a marathon. COVID-19 couldn’t be won without collective global and local effort. It would also need serious thinking, discipline and war against the only virus. COVID-19 war needs in control, the globe should be faced free, coordination and discover scientific methods together.
Impaired immune signaling and changes in the lung microbiome precede secondary bacterial pneumonia in COVID-19
Authors: Tsitsiklis Alexandra , Zha Beth , Byrne Ashley , DeVoe Catherine , Levan Sophia , Rackaityte Elze , Sunshine Sara , Mick Eran , Ghale Rajani , Jauregui Alejandra , Neff Norma , Sarma Aartik , Serpa Paula , Deiss Thomas , Kistler Amy , Carrillo Sidney , Ansel K. Mark , Leligdowicz Aleksandra , Christenson Stephanie , Jones Norman , Wu Bing , Darmanis Spyros , Matthay Michael , Lynch Susan , DeRisi Joseph , Consortium COMET , Hendrickson Carolyn , Kangelaris Kirsten , Krummel Matthew , Woodruff Prescott , Erle David , Rosenberg Oren , Calfee Carolyn , Langelier Charles
Published: April 2021

Secondary bacterial infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), lead to worse clinical outcomes and increased mortality following viral respiratory infections including in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using a combination of tracheal aspirate bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) we assessed lower respiratory tract immune responses and microbiome dynamics in 28 COVID-19 patients, 15 of whom developed VAP, and eight critically ill uninfected controls. Two days before VAP onset we observed a transcriptional signature of bacterial infection. Two weeks prior to VAP onset, following intubation, we observed a striking impairment in immune signaling in COVID-19 patients who developed VAP. Longitudinal metatranscriptomic analysis revealed disruption of lung microbiome community composition in patients with VAP, providing a connection between dysregulated immune signaling and outgrowth of opportunistic pathogens. These findings suggest that COVID-19 patients who develop VAP have impaired antibacterial immune defense detectable weeks before secondary infection onset.
Exosome-associated mitochondrial DNA from patients with ME/CFS stimulates human cultured microglia to release IL-1β
Authors: Tsilioni Irene , Natelson Benjamin , Theoharides Theoharis C.
Published: April 2021

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease that presents with fatigue, sleep disturbances, malaise and cognitive problems. The pathogenesis of ME/CFS is presently unknown and serum levels of potential biomarkers have been inconsistent. Here we show that serum mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), associated with exosomes, is increased in ME/CFS only after exercise. Moreover, exosomes isolated from patients with ME/CFS stimulate significant release of IL-1β from cultured human microglia. These results provide evidence for a potential novel pathogenetic factor and target for treatment of ME/CFS.
Platelet Inhibition with 60 mg Ticagrelor twice daily plus 100 mg Aspirin once daily in patients after CABG
Authors: Pan Yanpeng , Liu Guiqing , Chen Hongwei , Yuan Dongdong , Wang Qian
Published: April 2021

Objective: To optimize the antiplatelet therapy by observing the clinical outcomes in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) treated with 60 mg ticagrelor twice daily plus 100 mg aspirin once daily for 1 year.Methods: The observation group was composed of patients receiving 60 mg ticagrelor twice daily plus 100 mg aspirin once daily for antiplatelet therapy after CABG, whereas the control group comprised patients taking 90 mg ticagrelor twice daily plus 100 mg aspirin once daily after CABG. Results: In the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) patency, the difference was not statistically significant [RR=0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29–2.71; P=0.84] between the two groups. The per-protocol (PP) analysis results of the 1-year SVGs patency rates were consistent with ITT analysis. There were no notable differences in the rates of bleeding, mild dyspnea or dyspnea leading to discontinuation of the study drug between the two groups (P=0.211).Conclusions: In patients undergoing CABG, treatment with 60 mg ticagrelor twice daily plus 100 mg aspirin once daily can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes. Besides, the rates of dyspnea in 60 mg ticagrelor treatment are significantly lower than that in 90 mg ticagrelor treatment. As a result, the 60 mg dose leads to a markedly lower discontinuation rate of the study drug and a better safety profile, which tends to provide a more attractive benefit-risk profile.
Effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions for reducing postpartum fatigue: A systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: Qian Jialu , Sun Shiwen , Liu Lu , Yu Xiaoyan
Published: April 2021

Background: Postpartum fatigue is the most common issue among postnatal women and it could not only seriously affect the health of mothers but also bring about adverse impacts on their offspring. However, postpartum fatigue is an ongoing research issue but is seldom treated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesize nonpharmacological evidence and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for reducing postpartum fatigue among puerperae.Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest databases were searched for papers published from inception until February 2021. Grey literature was searched using OpenGrey. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) evaluating nonpharmacological interventions for postpartum fatigue reduction were eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality of the included studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3.Results: Seventeen published clinical trials matched the eligibility criteria for the systematic review, and thirteen studies involving 1686 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that exercise (SMD= -1.74, 95% CI=-2.61 to -0.88), physical therapy (SMD= -0.50, 95% CI=-0.96 to -0.03) and drinking tea (MD= -3.12, 95% CI=-5.44 to -0.80) resulted in significant improvements in women’s postpartum fatigue at postintervention. Drinking tea may have beneficial effects on depression (MD= -2.89, 95% CI=-4.30 to -1.49). Positive effects of psychoeducational interventions on postpartum fatigue or depression were not observed.Conclusions: This review provides evidence that exercise, physical therapy and drinking tea are effective nonpharmacological interventions for relieving postpartum fatigue. Detailed instructions for postpartum exercise should be offered to puerperae. Physical therapy could be used in combination to enhance the intervention efficacy. Multiple daily cups of tea may be recommended. Psychoeducational interventions were ineffective for postpartum fatigue, but they could be integrated with the internet or smartphones to improve their effectiveness in the future. Fatigue-related nonpharmacological interventions of psychological outcomes still need to be studied.
Semen analysis in “urology-naïve” patients: a chance of uroandrological screening in young male
Authors: Toso Stefano , Ticonosco Marco , Rabito Salvatore , Sighinolfi Maria Chiara , Ferrari Riccardo , Rochira Vincenzo , Santi Daniele , Trenti Tommaso , Montano Luigi , Rocco Bernardo , Micali Salvatore
Published: April 2021

Background Differently from female population, where gynaecological examinations begin during puberty, few men decide to be visited by urologist in youth. Given the participation to the Ecofood-Fertility trial, our department had the opportunity to screen young males supposedly healthy. Results From January 2019 to July 2020, we evaluated 81 patients with sperm analysis, blood analysis and uro-andrological examination. Inclusion criteria were age 18-40 and absence of previous urological disease (urology-naïve). The primary endpoint of the study is to record uro-andrological diseases occasionally discovered during examination in asymptomatic young men. Mean age was 25,7 years (range19-36); average testicular volume was 17,4ml (range12-22ml). 74,1% reported abnormal semen analysis: 43 cases of teratozoospermia, 12 astenozoospermia, 6 oligozoospermia and 2 azoospermia were discovered. 2/58 patients were diagnosed with hypogonadism. 2 cases with suspicious testicular mass resulted in testicular cancer. 14 suspected varicoceles and 6 patients with mild sexual dysfunctions were managed.Conclusion An uro-andrological evaluation of young asymptomatic males allowed for the prompt diagnosis of different urological conditions, including cancerous ones, in our series. Despite debatable, urological counselling with physical examination, semen-analysis and a laboratoristic-profile could be useful and cost effective in order to enhance males’ health.
Borax assisted synthesis of dialdehyde Carboxymethyl cellulose-Dextrin/Gelatin based biocompatible self-healing hydrogel
Authors: Sharma Amit Kumar , Bhalla Priya , Kaith Balbir Singh , Shree Bhagya , Sehgal Simran , Arora Saiyam
Published: April 2021

The hydrogels with self-healing properties have high potential applications in the biomedical field. Generally, the imine bonds are used as the dynamic covalent bonding in the self-healing hydrogels and hydrogen bonding is used for providing additional strength to self-healing hydrogels. In the presented work, Gelatin, dialdehyde dextrin, and dialdehyde Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) based hydrogels were prepared which are biocompatible and biodegradable and hence, can be used in biomedical field. Borax and glutaraldehyde were used as binding agent and cross-linker, respectively. The dynamic imide bond formed between gelatin-dialdehyde dextrin, gelatin-dialdehyde CMC, and gelatin-glutaraldehyde were responsible for self-healing ability of the prepared hydrogel. The rheological studies were also carried out which showed that as a consequence of lower viscosity the hydrogels can show injectable properties. The sample was also found to be blood compatible, which further highlights its biomedical importance.
Virtual Versus In-Person Surgical Fellowship Interviews and Ranking Variability: the COVID-19 Experience
Authors: Chang Ta Chen , Hodapp Elizabeth A. , Parrish Richard K. , Grajewski Alana L. , Gedde Steven J. , Lee Richard K. , Wellik Sarah R. , Junk Anna K. , Vazquez Luis , Swaminathan Swarup S. , Bitrian Elena , Rothman Adam L. , Vanner Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2021

Objective: To investigate the effect of interview format changes (in-person to virtual, one-to-one to multiple-to-one) necessitated by the COVID-19 travel restrictions on candidate ranking variabilities.Method: In 2018/2019, the glaucoma fellowship interviews were conducted in-person and one-to-one, whereas in 2020, interviews were virtual and multiple (interviewers)-to-one (candidate). We compared ranking ranges of interviewers within the same virtual room (WSR) and not within the same virtual room (NWSR) to assess the effect of this change on ranking variabilities. We also compared ranking categories (“accept,” “alternate,” and “pass”) agreements between in-person and virtual interviews to assess the effect of this change on ranking variabilities.Results: NWSR and WSR mean rankings differed by 1.33 (95% confidence interval difference 0.61 to 2.04, p = 0.0003), with WSR interviewers having less variability than NWSR pairs. The variability of in-person interviews and later virtual interviews showed no differences (weighted Kappa statistic 0.086 for 2018, 0.158 for 2019, and 0.101 for 2020; p < 0.05 for all years). The overall least attractive candidate has the lowest variability; the most attractive candidate has the second lowest variability.Conclusion: Grouping interviewers decreased ranking variabilities, while a change from in-person to virtual interview format did not increase the ranking variabilities.
A renal clearable fluorogenic probe for in vivo detection of cellular senescence
Authors: Lozano-Torres Beatriz , García-Fernández Alba , Galiana Irene , Rojas-Vázquez Sara , Fariñas Isabel , Orzáez Mar , Sancenón Félix , Blandez Juan , Martinez-Manez Ramón
Published: April 2021

There is a growing need for non-invasive, cheap, and versatile diagnostic methods and the development of low-cost point-of-care assays constitutes a potential solution. Here, we describe the design of a renal clearable fluorogenic probe (Cy7Gal) which produces a fluorogenic signal readable in the urine. The Cy7Gal probe is applied to the detection of the burden of senescence in several in vivo models. The probe is composed of a dye (Cy7) conjugated with a galactose derivative. Upon administration of the probe in vivo, the up-regulated β-galactosidase enzyme in senescent cells cleaves the O-glycosidic bond in Cy7Gal, releasing the highly emissive Cy7 dye that is renally cleared and measured in unmodified urine by an IVIS imaging system or by a fluorimeter. A good correlation between the burden of senescence and emission in urine is observed. Cy7Gal probe is the first example for the fluorogenic in vivo detection of senescence in urine and may serve as a basis for the development of generalized fluorogenic diagnostic platforms for the easy diagnosis in the urine of different diseases as well as for monitoring therapeutic treatments without the use of expensive equipment or trained personnel.
Obstetrics and Gynecology resident perception of virtual fellowship interviews
Authors: Ding Jia Jennifer , Has Phinnara , Hampton B. Star , Burrell Dayna
Published: April 2021

Background: Travel restrictions amidst the COVID-19 pandemic reshaped interviewing for fellowships into a predominantly virtual process. How this impacts Obstetrics & Gynecology (OB/GYN) resident approaches to fellowship application and Match navigation is largely unknown.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey study of fourth year OB/GYN residents who participated in at least one virtual fellowship interview in 2020. We collected information regarding demographics, application strategy, perceived strengths and weaknesses of virtual interviews, and confidence with rank list creation. Descriptive statistics were used for categorical variables and responses pre- and post- match were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: 75 out of an estimated 490 applicants (~15% response rate) completed the survey. 65.3% felt they interviewed at more programs virtually than they would anticipate completing in person, but perceived less confidence in having the necessary information (n=45, 60%) or understanding the culture of programs (n=59, 78.7%) to create a rank list. Cost savings were the main benefit of virtual interviews (n=50, 66.7%), and inability to get a true “feel” for a program was the biggest limitation (n=43, 57.3%). A majority (46.7%) advocate for a future hybrid interview process. Conclusions: OB/GYN residents pursuing fellowship reported interviewing at more programs during the virtual season, but had less confidence with rank list creation. Cost savings benefits are weighed against difficulty getting a “feel” for programs virtually. Most would advocate for a future hybrid interview process.
Alantolactone Exhibits Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Promoting Properties in Colon Cancer Model via Activation of the MAPK-JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lv Cheng , Ren Yijing , Zhang Jing , Zhang Beibei , Yue Bei , Luo Xiaoping , Yu Zhilun , Wang Hao , Ren Junyu , Wang Zhengtao , Dou Wei
Published: April 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignancies in the digestive tract with high mortality. Alantolactone (ATL), as a plant-derived sesquiterpene lactone, has shown a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-virus and so on. However, the exact molecular mechanism of ATL in colorectal cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a study to explore the effect and mechanism of ATL on colorectal cancer. The CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, Wound-healing and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect, antiproliferative effect, anti-migratory and anti-invasive properties of ATL respectively. The xenograft tumor model was established in Balb/c mice to evaluate the anti-tumor effect. The expression levels of proteins involved the MAPK-JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway were measured by Western blot and RT-qPCR both in cells and tumor tissues. The results showed that ATL could inhibit the cells activities of various colon cancer cell lines. Moreover, ATL could induce HCT-116 cells nuclear pyknosis, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, G0/G1 phase arrest, as well as enhance the proportion of apoptosis cells and inhibit colony formation. The migration distance and invasion rate of cells were significantly reduced after treated with ATL. Additionally, in the xenograft model, ATL (50mg/kg) significantly decreased the tumor tumor volume and weight (p ˂ 0.001). For the anti-colon cancer mechanism, the ATL showed the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptosis effect by activating MAPK-JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. In conclusion, ATL exhibits anti-proliferation and apoptosis-promoting potential in colon cancer via the activation of MAPK-JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway.