bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ULTRASOUND: ADVANTAGE FOR APPLICATION AND TECHNICAL MEANS
Authors: Уханова Юлия , Ukhanova Yuliy , Перова Наталья , Perova Natal'y , Уханов Александр , Ukhanov Aleksandr
Published: May 2019

The purpose of research is to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound for the treatment of components of diesel mixed fuel (DMF).Ultrasonic vibrations can change the aggregate state of a substance, disperse, emulsify it, change the rate of diffusion, crystallization and dissolution of substances, activate chemical reactions, intensify technological processes. The use of ultrasonic vibrations in the treatment of liquid media gives them new proper-ties, which lead to the widespread use of ultrasound in various industrial processes. Currently, biological fuels are widely used as motor fuel in diesel engines of automotive engineering. One of the types of liquid biological fuels is diesel mixed fuel (DMF), the components of which are commercial oil diesel fuel and any vegetable oil produced from oilseeds (canola, ginger, oil radish, flax oil, wood, white mustard, soybean, Abyssinian crab, etc.). For the mix-ing of oil and vegetable components directly «on Board» of automotive equipment, static mixers are usually used, which do not fully provide high-quality mixing of components and processing of DMF by ultrasound. The ultrasonic mixer developed and manufactured by the authors due to high-frequency oscillations of the piezoe mitter allows not only to mix biological and oil components of the mixed fuel qualitatively, but also to process them by ultrasound with a radiation frequency of 25 kHz to obtain a homogeneous fine composition, which leads to a smaller decrease in engine power and a smaller increase in the specific effective consumption of the mixed fuel compared to the operation of the diesel on the untreated ultrasound mixed fuel.
DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL METHOD OF HEATING OF MIXED MINERAL AND VEGETABLE FUELS FOR AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL ENGINES
Authors: Володько Олег , Volod’ko Oleg , Быченин Александр , Bychenin Aleksandr , Черников Олег , Chernikov Oleg
Published: May 2019

Research objective is to provide the set temperature condition of mixed mineral and vegetable fuel (MMVF). The use of fuel systems with smart heating will increase the volume of mineral diesel fuel, replaced by renewable re-sources. The technique and results of research of heating with external and internal supply of heat and also with hashing of the heated environment are given. Researches were conducted on specially developed laboratory in-stallation. MMVF on the basis of flax, soy and rape oils were investigated. Concentration of a vegetable component made 40% on volume. The 1000 W external heater and also the 1000, 500 and 300 W external heaters of all types were used. It is established that when heating MMVF the external source of warmth provides good heating on all volume without use of extra for mixing, overheating is 50% of necessary size. When leading warmth without hash-ing of MMVF warming up came from an internal source (the 1000 W heater) unevenly, the unevenness was 60%. When using mechanical mixing of MMVF with heating from an internal source of warmth the unevenness of warm-ing up was 3.1…4.65% depending on heater power. By results of a research it was established that when using the heater with a power of
300 W when heating 1 liter of mixed mineral and vegetable fuel on the basis of rape oil with the maintenance of a vegetable component of 40% on volume time of heating to 60±2 °C was 230 s, the unevenness of heating was 3.1%, overheating was 3.1%. Recommendations about the most rational modes of heating of MMVF in a power supply system of the diesel are made.
EFFICIENCY OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM APPLICATION ON SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL IN CROP ROTATION WITH POTATOES
Authors: Федотова Людмила , Fedotova Ludmila , Аканова Наталья , Akanova Natal'y , Косодуров Кирилл , Kosodurov Kirill
Published: May 2019

The research is aimed to improve the agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soil and increase the productivity of crop rotation with potatoes. The decrease in the mineral and organic fertilizers use in Non-Chernozem zone of Russia leads to low yields of potato tubers and worse agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soils. Agronomical positive and ecologically safe effects of phosphogypsum on physical and chemical properties of sod-podzolic sandy soil and formation of productivity and quality of potato and spring barley was revealed. With the introduction of phosphogypsum, on average for 3 years, the soil received (kg S/ha per year): with a dose of 0.5 t/ha +35.1, with a dose of
1.0 t/ha +57.6, with a dose of 1.5 t/ha +79.8 and against a background of 3.0 t/ha +105.6, which led to an increase in the content of salpho in the soil, respectively, introduced doses of meliorant – by 9.7, 17.5, 26.5 and 32.9 mg S/kg compared to the initial level. A single application of phosphogypsum to sod-podzolic soil provided an increase in the content of labile phosphorus by 72 and 40 mg/kg against the background of doses of 1.5 and 3.0 t/ha. The As-sessment of the possible toxicity of phosphogypsum showed that the ratio of Ca/Sr in the soil is at a safe level and amounted to 97 in the control variant, against the background of doses of phosphogypsum 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 t/ha – 104-117. In total, for three years of research, the use of meliorant provided an increase in the productivity of potato – barley – potato crop rotation by 30-38 kg of grains units/ha or 19-24% in comparison with the option where only NPK fertilizers were used.
THE RESULTS OF PRODUCTIVITY STUDY OF DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF ALFALFA CHANGEABLE (MEDICAGO VARIA MARTYN) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors: Володина Ирина , Volodina Irina
Published: May 2019

The aim of the research was to increased fodder and seed productivity of variable alfalfa (Medicago varia Martin) in the middle Volga region. The results of the researches made during the period 2012-2014 for incorporated 13 vari-ety samples of alfalfa changeable in the nursery of competitive trials are provided. The most promising population demonstrated economically valuable traits in previous years, from various nurseries of the study were used. Popu-lation was created by the polikross. Weather conditions analysis of the region allows us to conclude that over the
2012-2014 they met the requirements needed for the studied culture, providing a sufficiently high potential of productivity, but the limiting factor for the formation of the vegetative mass of alfalfa is the level of moisture. The data on the possibility of obtaining seeds in the year of sowing in the climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region un-der the condition of early sowing (until 10-12 may) are confirmed. Seed yields in 2012 ranged from 24.7 to 47.8 g/m2. It was found that in different years of moisture supply, taking into regard the conditions of the region, all the studied samples form 2 full-fledged mowing per season. All studied samples can be characterized as highly pro-ductive by vegetative mass and seeds. The dry matter accumulation in the estimated samples in the first mowing of 2013 was
0.65-0.68 kg/m2, in the second – 0.38-0.86 kg/m2. In arid 2013, the highest yield of seeds was obtained
337.5-494.7 g/m2. In 2014, the yield of dry matter both mowing was approximately equivalent 0,56-0,79 kg/m2 and 0.54-0.97 kg/m2 respectively, the average for the samples is 0.66 kg/m2 in the first mowing and 0.67 kg/m2 in the second. The yield of seed populations in 2014 ranged from 22.9 to 55.8 g/m2. All studied samples can be charac-terized as highly productive for the accumulation of dry matter and seed yield.
PRODUCTIVE MOISTURE IN CONNECTION WITH THE AGRONOMIC PRACTICES AND YIELD OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT IN THE ORENBURG PRIURALYE
Authors: Бесалиев Ишен , Besaliev Ishen , Панфилов Александр , Panfilov Aleksandr
Published: May 2019

The article is published on the topic of the state assignment 0761-2019-0004.
The purpose of research – increasing the yield of durum spring wheat in the conditions of Orenburg-tion of the Urals. Due to the increase in aridity of the climate, there is a lack of productive moisture in the soil, which creates sharply unfavorable conditions for the formation of the crop against the background of rising air temperature. The research method is a field experiment. Field experiments were carried out in the conditions of the Central zone of the Orenburg region in the zone of southern chernozems. Two methods of the main tillage – plowing, soil loosening to a depth of 25-27 cm and the background without the main soil formation-were studied. The experiments are laid in accordance with the requirements of the field research methodology. The left soil moisture was determined by the weight method, the calculation of correlation relations – with the use of the program Statistica 6.0. It is established that the yield of the studied crop has no reliable connection with the reserves of productive moisture to sowing in the soil horizons of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm and is correlated with their amount in the horizon of 60-100 cm and in the meter (0-100 cm) horizon. In the earing phase, the content of useful moisture in both the sowing (0-30 cm), the main root (30-60 cm) and deeper layers of soil (60-100 cm), as well as its amount in the meter horizon is positively associated with the yield of spring durum wheat. Correlation ratios correspondingly on horizons make 0,743; 0,801; 0,954; 0,828, i.e. after earing the role of the moisture containing below a half-meter layer of the soil increases. The most important for the formation of the harvest of spring durum wheat is the accumulation of productive moisture in the soil horizons 30-60 cm and below. Loose soil loosening contributes to better penetration of moisture into the subsurface layers of the soil and increase its reserves.
MAIN RESULTS STUDY OF TABLE POTATO VARIETIES GROWN IN ORENBURG REGION
Authors: Мушинский Александр , Mushinsky Aleksandr , Аминова Евгения , Aminova Evgeniy , Саудабаева Алия , Saudabayeva Aliy
Published: May 2019

The research aim is identification of promising varieties that provide the highest productivity and adaptability to soil and climatic conditions of the Orenburg Region. Nowadays, the introduction of new table varieties into production, capable of resisting the influence of unfavorable abiotic and biotic environmental factors, will make it possible to better meet the population's need for high-quality potatoes. In 2016-2018 In the irrigated conditions of Orenburg, a comparative test of eighteen potato varieties was carried out (Lyubava, Kuzovok, Red Scarlett, Burren, Barna, Nev-sky, Fresco, Spiridon, Tarasov, Sante, Impala, Sherry, Rosara, Zakhar, Agat, Itzil, Cavalier, Bracelet). The experi-ment was laid on the basis of OOO Agrofirma Promyshlennaya, the soil cover of the plot is the southern terraced chernozem medium medium humid medium soil. Annually fertilizer was applied with a dose of N75P120K112 kg d.v. The experience was laid on a single-factor scheme in 3 replicates. Plot area 140 m2 (50 m × 2.8 m), accounting – 70 m2
(50 m × 1.4 m). The yield, marketability, starch and dry matter content in potato tubers were determined. Years of research differed in climatic characteristics, which made it possible to reliably assess the possibilities of the varie-ties under study. As a result of three years of research, the maximum productivity of 46.5 and 44.8 t/ha was ob-served in the Cavalier and Barna varieties, which exceeded the yield of the standard Nevsky variety by 42 and 45 %, respectively. The maximum number of tubers from one plant was obtained from the varieties Lyubava (15 pcs/bush) and Barna (12 pcs/bush). The most adaptive to local conditions varieties of potato were distinguished, combining high yields over 40 t/ha and starch content (> 14 %): Cavalier, Lubawa, Tarasov and Burren.
The studies were carried out in accordance with the research plan for 2019-2020 Federal State Scientific Institution «Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences»
(№ 0761-2019-0011).
Ormiańska diaspora od starożytności do nowoczesności
Authors: Mutafian Claude
Published: May 2019

Armenian Diaspora from Antiquity to ModernityThe article characterises the migration from Armenian territories which have been taking place since the start of our era until the 21st century. It look into the size of diasporas and the circumstances surrounding their migration-related emergence. They are grouped into: distant and close, forced and voluntary, concentrated and scattered, cultural and political-economic. The value of diasporas for development of Armenian culture and nationality is highlighted.
Milites et nobiles: Ormianie a stan szlachecki Królestwa Polskiego i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego od XIV do XVI wieku
Authors: Stopka Krzysztof
Published: May 2019

Armenians and Noble Status in Kingdom of Poland and Great Duchy of Lithuania, 14th-16th CenturiesArmenians living in Kingdom of Poland and Great Duchy of Lithuania were mostly burghers, however, cases of social advancement were noted on Ruthenian territory officially belonging to the Crown. Initially, the advancement was possible only for royal court-based Armenian translators, but later also for those with merits for the country’s defence. Another way to advance socially was to marry a Polish nobleman. In such marriages religious differences rarely posed a serious problem; generally, females did not need to convert from their Christian Armenian denomination. Nevertheless, ennoblement was rarely attractive for Polish Armenians at that time; trade and other typically burgher activities brought more profit than the landownership privilege. For this reason ennobled men and their descendants often took on those activities anyway and pleaded their noble status only to escape inconvenient legal consequences or town court. A few Polish noble families of Armenian origin are dated back to that time: the Tyszkiewicz, the Siekierzyński, the Balicki, the Zwartowski, the Sołtanowicz-Chalepski, the Lenkowicz-Ipohorski, the Iwaszkiewicz, the Makarowicz, the Domażyrski, the Pleszkowski.
Uchwała Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 19 października 2017 roku w 650. rocznicę nadania Ormianom pierwszego przywileju w Polsce
Authors: -
Published: May 2019

Resolution of the Senate of the Republic of Poland of 19 October 2017 on the 650th anniversary of granting the first privileges to the Armenians in Poland
Projekty genealogiczne Fundacji Kultury i Dziedzictwa Ormian Polskich
Authors: Kopczyńska-Kłos Hanna
Published: May 2019

Genealogical Projects of the Foundation of Culture and Heritage of Polish ArmeniansThe Foundation of the Culture and Heritage of Polish Armenians located in Warsaw collects both original and copied birth certificate registries dated at the times from 17th to 20th centuries and coming from Armenian Catholic parishes. The Foundation catalogues and translates them from Kipchak, Armenian and Latin into Polish. Additionally, it collects information on grave inscriptions and photographs. All data is being stored electronically and published online. It serves the purpose of compiling genealogical trees of Armenian families living in Poland (over 5000 people in 9 generations) and creating an online biographical dictionary of Polish Armenians (WikiOrmianie, over 1200 biograms).
Developing an Entrepreneurship Scale for 5th Grade Students
Authors: Sontay Gokhan , Yetim Hale , Karamustafaoglu Sevilay , Karamustafaoglu Orhan
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to develop an Entrepreneurship Scale to measure the entrepreneurial skills of 5th grade students and to conduct the reliability and validity of the scale. This research is a descriptive survey method. The pilot application was made with 432 students in Amasya City in Turkey. SPSS 23 and LISREL 8.80 programs were used to analyze the data. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to construct the validity. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, a 4-factor structure emerged on the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure, and it was determined that the developed model was in compliance with the criteria in the literature. These sub-factors were identified as meaningful in terms of self-confidence, need for success, personal benefit and leadership and responsibility. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was determined as 0.77. At the end of the research, a reliable and valid measurement scale about entrepreneurship was developed for the 5th grade students.
Strengthening English Language Teaching in Rural Schools through the Role-Playing: Teachers Motivations
Authors: Castro Liz , Villafuerte Jhonny
Published: May 2019

This research examines the English language teachers’ motivations related to the usage of role-playing on English language practice in rural secondary schools in Ecuador. The sample consists of 45 English language teachers who work in public schools located in the rural and urban areas of the province of Manabi. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative research approaches is applied to analyze teachers’ motivations about using role-plays in English class and analyze the relationships between teaching motivations and the factors: teachers’ gender and work location. The instruments are (1) Focus group guide to collect participants' voices about the language practice at schools; and the (2) Likert questionnaire created by the research team, titled: Teachers' perceptions about role-play contribution on the foreign language acquisition process. The statistical analysis shows significant relationships between teachers’ perceptions and the factors in gender and work location. It is concluded that English teachers, both female and male from rural and urban locations in Ecuador, are highly motivated to use role-play in secondary schools as a teaching strategy, in spite of the demand of extra time and energy required, because it promotes in teachers and students the collaborative and creative learning; and improves their confidence to express their ideas and feelings using English as a foreign language.
ProBNP That Is Not Glycosylated at Threonine 71 Is Decreased with Obesity in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Lewis Lynley K , Raudsepp Sara D , Prickett Timothy C R , Yandle Timothy G , Doughty Robert N , Frampton Christopher M , Pemberton Christopher J , Richards A Mark
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Plasma concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or its amino terminal congener (NT-proBNP) are used for HF diagnosis and risk stratification. Because BNP concentrations are inexplicably lowered in obese patients, we investigated the relationship between proBNP glycosylation, plasma NT-proBNP, and body mass index (BMI) in HF patients.

METHODS

Three assays were developed to distinguish between total proBNP (glycosylated plus nonglycosylated proBNP), proBNP not glycosylated at threonine 71 (NG-T71), and proBNP not glycosylated in the central region (NG-C). Intraassay and interassay CVs were <15%; limits of detection were <21 ng/L; and samples diluted in parallel.

RESULT

Applying these assays and an NT-proBNP assay to plasma samples from 106 healthy volunteers and 238 HF patients determined that concentrations [median (interquartile range)] of proBNP, NG-T71, and NT-proBNP were greater in HF patients compared with controls [300 (44–664), 114 (18–254), and 179 (880–3459) ng/L vs 36 (18–229), 36 (18–175), and 40 (17–68) ng/L, respectively; all P < 0.012]. NG-C was undetectable in most samples. ProBNP concentrations in HF patients with BMI more or less than 30 kg/m2 were not different (P = 0.85), whereas HF patients with BMI >30 kg/m2 had lower NT-proBNP and NG-T71 concentrations (P < 0.003) and higher proBNP/NT-proBNP and proBNP/NG-T71 ratios (P = 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively) than those with BMI <30 kg/m2.

CONCLUSIONS

Increased BMI is associated with decreased concentrations of proBNP not glycosylated at T71. Decreased proBNP substrate amenable to processing could partially explain the lower NT-proBNP and BNP concentrations observed in obese individuals, including those presenting with HF.
The Impairment of Spatial Memory Following Low-Level Sarin Inhalation Exposure and Antidotal Treatment in Rats
Authors: Kassa Jiří , Krejčová Gabriela , Vachek Josef
Published: May 2019

1. To study the influence of antidotes on low-level sarin-induced impairment of cognitive functions, the rats were exposed to three various low concentrations of sarin (LEVEL 1–3) for 60 minutes in the inhalation chamber. In addition, one group of rats was exposed to LEVEL 2 of sarin repeatedly. 2. Testing of cognitive functions was carried out using the Y-maze evaluating learning and spatial memory. The correct averse behavior of sarin-exposed rats in the Y-maze was tested several times within four weeks following sarin inhalation exposure and antidotal treatment to look for any cognitive impairments. 3. The results were compared to the Y-maze performance of sarin-exposed rats without antidotal treatment and control rats exposed to pure air instead of sarin with or without antidotal treatment. While antidotal treatment was able to eliminate a short-term deficiency in the Y-maze performance in rats exposed to the LEVEL 1 of sarin, a significant decrease in the Y-maze performance in rats exposed to sarin at the LEVEL 2 and 3 was only shortened. Sarin-induced spatial memory impairments in rats exposed repeatedly to sarin at the LEVEL 2 was also shortened when rats were treated following each sarin inhalation exposure. 4. The findings confirm that antidotes currently used for nerve agent poisonings are beneficial for the treatment of rats singly or repeatedly exposed to non-convulsive symptomatic or even clinically asymptomatic concentrations of sarin.
Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with Deproteinized Bovine Bone (Bio-Oss®) and Impladent® Dental Implant System Part II. Evaluation of Deprotienized Bovine Bone (Bio-Oss®) and Implant Surface
Authors: Kasabah Samer , Šimůnek Antonín , Krug Jiří , Lecaro Miguel Cevallos
Published: May 2019

The objective of this clinical study was to determine the predictability of endosseous implant placed in a maxillary sinus augmented with deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss®). A total of 185 implants (109 titanium and 76 hydroxyapatite- coated) were placed in 77 patients representing 92 sinuses either a one- or two-stage surgical technique. A mixture of venous patient’s blood and Bio-Oss® was used alone within 20 sinuses (Group 1), or in combination with autogenous bone within 72 sinuses (Group 2). Thirty-nine implants were placed in Group 1 and 147 implants were inserted in Group 2. The grafted sinuses were evaluated clinically and radiographically at second stage surgery. According to certain criteria, of the implants placed, only two titanium implants (1.08 %) failed with 98.91 % implant survival. There was no statistically variable difference for the use of hydroxyapatite-coated or titanium implants. The two failed implants were from Group 2. No clinical benefit has been achieved from the combination with autogenous bone (P<0.05). All the grafted sinuses were sufficient to place dental implants of at least 12 mm length (100 % graft success). The results of this short-term study support the hypothesis that Bio-Oss® can be a suitable material for sinus augmentation.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Panoramic Radiograph in the Definition of Maxillary Sinus Septa
Authors: Kasabah Samer , Slezák Radovan , Šimůnek Antonín , Krug Jiří , Lecaro Miguel Cevallos
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of panoramic radiography in identification of maxillary sinus septa. Out of 68 sinuses were radiographically examined using both panoramic and computerized tomographic radiographs (CT scan). Using CT scan, 24 (35.9 %) out of 68 cases maxillae showed at least one septum, 22 sinuses (32.3 %) showed one septum, whereas two sinuses (2.9 %) exhibited two septa. Panoramic radiograph led to a false diagnosis regarding the presence or absence of sinus septa in 18 of 68 sinuses (26.5 %). On the other hand, they gave negative diagnosis of sinus septa in 12 of 24 septa (50 %). There was fully agreement between the two methods (positive septa) only in 12 of 24 septa (50 %). We cannot depend on panoramic radiograph for the detection of sinus septa because it can lead to false or negative results.
Fourth addendum to the synoptic review of red algal genera
Authors: Schneider Craig W. , Wynne Michael J.
Published: May 2019

The fourth addendum to Schneider and Wynne’s 2007 “A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half century after Kylin’s 1956 ‘Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen’” is presented, covering the names of genus- and higher-level taxa added or modified since our third addendum (Bot. Mar. 59: 397–404). Since that synopsis, we added 21 new genera in a first addendum, 27 in the second, and 40 in the third, demonstrating the increasing amount of genetic work over more than a decade. In this fourth addendum, we add 58 new genera to the list of red algae as well as many new taxa in the hierarchical framework over the past 3 years. Based upon molecular sequencing, other genera reinstated from synonymy studies are included.
Shared spaces, shared mind: Connecting past and present viewpoints in American Sign Language narratives
Authors: Janzen Terry
Published: May 2019

In American Sign Language (ASL) narratives, signers map conceptualized spaces onto actual spaces around them that can reflect physical, conceptual, and metaphorical relations among entities. Because verb tenses are not attested in ASL, a question arises: How does a signer distinguish utterances about past events from utterances within a present conversational context? In narratives, the story-teller’s past-event utterances move the story along; accompanying these will often be subjective comments on the story, evaluative statements, and the like, that are geared, in the present, to the conversational partner. This usage-based study looks at how the ASL signer integrates past and present spaces in a narrative and specifically, integrates the viewpoints associated with each. Blending past and present spaces, while a conceptual notion, is in ASL played out in utterance structure and also in the fact that signed language articulation takes place in a three-dimensional space upon which both the signer and addressee have embodied, perspectivized views. Past and present conceptual spaces both occupy the physical space of articulation, and so the blends are at once conceptual and perceivable.
Beyond ICS: How Should We Govern Complex Disasters in the United States?
Authors: Nowell Branda , Steelman Toddi
Published: May 2019

The complexity of large-scale disasters requires governance structures that can integrate numerous responders quickly under often chaotic conditions. Complex disasters – by definition – span multiple jurisdictions and activate numerous response functions carried out by numerous legally autonomous public, nonprofit, and private actors. The command operating structure of the Incident Command System (ICS) is a hierarchical structure used to manage complex incidents. Increasingly, complex disasters are seen as networks of multiple actors. Improving our capacity to respond to large-scale, complex disasters requires moving beyond the “hierarchy versus networks” debate to understand the conditions under which governance structures can best serve disaster response goals. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of the governance structures embedded in our national policy tools and frameworks can enhance our ability to govern effectively in networked contexts. In this article, we suggest the need to shift focus to build greater capacity for hybrid and network governance approaches, including a more sophisticated understanding of the conditions under which these governance forms are most effective.
Graphene Oxide Effect on Improvement of Silver Surface Plasmon Resonance D-Shaped Optical Fiber Sensor
Authors: Amiri Iraj S. , Alwi Siti Anis Khairani , Raya Sofiah Atirah , Zainuddin Nur Aina’a Mardhiah , Rohizat Nurul Syazwani , Rajan M.S. Mani , Zakaria Rozalina
Published: May 2019

This research focuses on the side-polished Single-Mode Optical Fibers (SMOF) as refractive index (RI) sensor utilizing properties of Surface Plasmon Resonance. The SMOF with cladding stripped off shows a D-shaped optical fiber with high sensitivity functionalization. Here we show silver protected by graphene oxide (GO) as viable candidates. A few layers of GO on top of silver thin layer were applied as a material to overcome silver coating degradation process. This silver/GO sensor was characterized using various RIs of analyte likely deionized water and alcohol solutions. Sensor with GO has shown fast response and high sensitivity in respect of RI, where sensitivity increases in range from 1.30 to 1.34 RIU (refractive index unit). This device shows highest sensitivity of up to 833.33 nm/ RIU. The polishing process using SMOF stops at few microns above the core of the fiber with the drop of output power fixed to be 1 dB as an indication to standardize the amount of cladding been removed. The thickness of 30 nm Ag was deposited using electron beam evaporation method on D-shaped optical fiber with subsequent protected layer of GO in solutions form. The use of COMSOL Multiphysics has also been carried out to observe numerical findings. The response of the GO has shown a sensitivity improvement which proves new promising approaches for the newly developed sensors.
Effect of gender on growth-restricted fetuses born preterm
Authors: Štimac Tea , Šopić-Rahelić Ana-Maria , Ivandić Jelena , Ekinja Eduard , Blickstein Isaac
Published: May 2019

Objective

To assess the effect of fetal gender in small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates with birth weight less than the fifth percentile by gestational age.

Methods

We compared male and female SGA neonates for maternal and neonatal outcomes in the following gestational age subgroups: at <32 + 6, 33 + 0–36 + 6 and at ≥37 + 0 weeks of gestation.

Results

We examined 159, 154 and 2363 SGA neonates born at <32 + 6, 33 + 0 to 36 + 6 and ≥37 weeks of pregnancy, respectively, whose birth weight was below the fifth percentile for gestational age and who met our inclusion criteria. Overall, there were no significant differences between the mothers of males and females, except that there were more males at term and the incidence of nulliparas was greater among the mothers of males. In terms of outcomes, males had a similar incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and admissions to intensive care. Interestingly, low Apgar scores were more common in preterm females born at 33–37 weeks and vice versa in births over 37 weeks.

Conclusion

Our data do not support an advantage of either gender in preterm birth of infants who are most likely growth restricted.
Zwei gegensätzliche Formen sozialer Unsicherheit aus psychotherapeutischer Sicht
Authors: Gödde Günter
Published: May 2019

Den Ausgangspunkt dieses Beitrags bilden die psychotherapeutischen Erfahrungen mit zwei gleichaltrigen Studenten, die zu Anfang der Therapie eine ähnlich wirkende „Unsicherheit“ zeigten. Im fortlaufenden therapeutischen Prozess kristallisierten sich aber immer stärkere Unterschiede zwischen ihnen heraus. Der eine Patient, der als „selbstunsicher“ eingeschätzt werden kann, war stark auf sich selbst bezogen und suchte seine soziale Ängstlichkeit mit einer Einzelgänger-Strategie und entsprechender Vermeidung von näheren sozialen Kontakten zu bewältigen, wobei er mit Situationen des Alleinseins und den Anforderungen selbstbestimmten Arbeitens gut zurecht kam. Der andere war beim Arbeiten und Alleinsein von der emotionalen Präsenz anderer und deren Strukturierungshilfen „abhängig“; von seinem Auftreten, seiner gefühlsmäßigen Zugewandtheit und sozialen Bezogenheit her gesehen ließ er aber hohe soziale Kompetenzen erkennen, so dass man bei ihm von einem „aktiv-dependenten“ Beziehungsmuster sprechen kann. Der Vergleich zwischen beiden Formen sozialer Unsicherheit lässt sich mit dem anthropologischen Konzept der „Bipolarität zwischen selbst- und objektbezogenen Tendenzen“ (Mentzos) in Verbindung bringen.
Überempfindlichkeit
Authors: Schulze Holger
Published: May 2019

Dieser Beitrag erkundet die auditiven Aspekte der Unsicherheit anhand von kleinsten Wahrnehmungen, die eine durchschlagend verunsichernde Wirkung haben können. Ausgehend von einem Hörstück des Sprechkünstlers Carlfriedrich Claus und den Irritationen, die hieraus sich ergeben können, werden körperliche Idiosynkrasien als „Tätowierungen“ (nach Michel Serres) diskutiert und das historische Konzept der „petites perceptions“ (nach Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz) vorgestellt sowie auf aktuelle Beispiele angewendet. Schließlich wird die Wirkung kleinster Wahrnehmungen auf die Bedeutung der Körperorgane des Gleichgewichts zurückgeführt und anhand zweier Beispiele (Otolith und Muskelspindel) näher betrachtet. Der Beitrag endet mit einem Lob der Idiosynkrasie, die als anthropologisch generative Eigenschaft bewertet werden könnte.
Künstlerische Praktiken des Ver(un)sicherns
Authors: Klein Gabriele
Published: May 2019

Unsicherheit ist ein Thema, das in der Soziologie und der Tanzwissenschaft vielfach diskutiert wird. Ausgehend von den Positionen dieser beiden Wissenschaftsdisziplinen will der Text das Thema Un-Sicherheit aus einer praxeologischen Perspektive beleuchten. Nicht die Frage „Was ist Unsicherheit?“ sondern „Wie erfolgt das Verunsichern?“ steht dabei im Mittelpunkt. Im ästhetischen Verunsichern, so soll anschließend aufgezeigt werden, liegt ein produktives Element: Das Verunsichern eröffnet Möglichkeitsräume eines erneuten Versicherns. Am Beispiel der künstlerischen Arbeit von Pina Bausch und dem Tanztheater Wuppertal wird aufgezeigt, wie sich künstlerische Praktiken des Ver(un)sicherns zu dem alltäglichen Sicherheitsempfinden, zu habituellen Dispositionen und routinisierten Praktiken verhalten.
Role of polymer/polymer and polymer/drug specific interactions in drug delivery systems
Authors: Ouazib Farid , Bouslah Mokhnachi Naima , Haddadine Nabila , Barille Regis
Published: May 2019

Drug delivery systems based upon the blending of Arabic gum and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (AG/PVP) were prepared for the controlled release of acebutolol (Acb) hydrochloride. The prepared blends containing Acb were characterized using different techniques. The presence of physical interactions between the drug and polymer matrices was observed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. These interactions resulted in the transition of the drug from a crystalline to an amorphous state into the polymeric matrices, as demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis. The thermogravimetric analysis study confirmed the presence of these interactions, which had a stabilizing effect on the drug against both thermal degradation and crystallinity. The in vitro release of Acb from the AG/PVP polymer system was investigated. Each drug-loaded system was used in a tablet formulation. Moreover, an in vitro dissolution study was carried out in three different dissolution media, and comparison of the dissolution profiles of the different dosage forms revealed that the polymer blend matrix had a better release-retarding efficiency. To better understand the release mechanism, the dissolution data were fitted to various release kinetic models.
CFD Study of Combined Impingement and Film Cooling Flow on the Internal Surface Temperature Distribution of a Vane
Authors: Pujari Arun Kumar
Published: May 2019

Conjugate heat transfer analysis is carried out on the internal surface of the first-stage nozzle guide vane of a gas turbine, which has both impingement and film cooling holes. The mainstream flow Reynolds number and internal coolant flow Reynolds number systematically changed and its effect on internal local surface temperature variation is studied. It is found that an increase in the coolant mass flow rate causes a non-uniform decrease in the local internal surface temperature. The external film coolant jet-lift off and internal impingement cross-flow are significant contributors to the non-uniform variation in surface temperature. It is also observed that the leading edge regions are prone to jet lift-off, whereas the tip regions of the suction surface are prone to self-induced cross-flow, due to which hot patches are formed in these regions. Hot patches are observed near the hub regions of a pressure surface due to the reduced film thickness on the external surface. From these observations it is concluded that local values of internal surface temperature are differently affected in different regions of the vane surface for a given combination of mainstream and coolant flow rates. Therefore, the conventional method of obtaining the internal temperature distributions by considering generalized geometries may not yield accurate solutions, in predicting the life of the nozzle guide vane.
A first principle evaluation of the adsorption mechanism and stability of volatile organic compounds into NaY zeolite
Authors: Hessou Etienne P. , Jabraoui Hicham , Hounguè M. T. Alice Kpota , Mensah Jean-Baptiste , Pastore Mariachiara , Badawi Michael
Published: May 2019

Removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor or outdoor environments is an urgent challenge for the protection of human populations. Inorganic sorbents such as zeolites are a promising solution to tackle this issue. Using dispersion corrected periodic DFT calculations, we have studied the interaction between sodium-exchanged faujasite zeolite and a large set of VOCs including aromatics, oxygenates and chlorinated compounds. The computed interaction energies range from about −25 (methane) to −130 kJ/mol (styrene). Methane is by far the less interacting specie with the NaY zeolite. All other VOCs present interaction energies higher in absolute value than 69 kJ/mol. Most of them show a similar adsorption strength, between −70 and −100 kJ/mol. While the electrostatic interactions are important in the case of oxygenates and acrylonitrile, van der Waals interactions predominate in hydrocarbons and chlorides. By monitoring the variation of molecular bond lengths of the different VOCs before and after adsorption, we have then evaluated the tendency of adsorbate to react and form by-products, since a significant stretching would evidently lead to the activation of the bond. While hydrocarbons, tetrachloroethylene and acrylonitrile seem to be not activated upon adsorption, all oxygenates and 1,1,2-trichloroethane could possibly react once adsorbed.
A Study on the One-Dimensional Flood Numerical Analysis Method in Open Channels of Cascade Barrage Network
Authors: Kim Yong-Gun , Kim Pyol , Jo Myong-Bong , Oh Song-Nam , Paek Chung-Hyok
Published: May 2019

Flood propagation in a river that has a network of cascade barrages is greatly influenced by the operation of the barrage floodgates that are upstream and downstream in the river. In this article, an effective flood numerical analysis method is proposed for evaluating the flood propagation process in the open channels under the complex real-time operation of floodgates at cascade barrages. The proposed model mainly uses the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation (SVE), which incorporates upstream and downstream boundary process techniques that reflect real-time operation of floodgates and techniques for treatment of inner boundaries, such as flow of tributaries and confluence points. The real-time operation of floodgates includes the full open and partial open of floodgate in consideration of lift capacity of the crane according to time and automatic operation of floodgates for the optimal discharge considering influence of high tide and low tide. The proposed method has been validated by experiments in the Taedong River in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, in which six barrages from upstream and downstream in this river are taken into account. Employing the proposed method, flood routing in the channels between barrages is analyzed during the period of flooding. The validation result demonstrates that the proposed method can successfully solve the problems that arise in the analysis of flood propagation in channels of the barrage network.
Nanoporous Oxide Surface Obtained on Titanium (Grade 5) Alloy to Analyze Surface Hardness and Anti-Wear Character
Authors: Kumar Anil , Kushwaha Manoj Kumar
Published: May 2019

This research work exhibits a technique to enhance the surface character of nanoporous oxide layer obtained on Ti6Al4V by an anodic oxidation method and by critically analyzing its tribological behavior along with improved surface hardness. The effects of anodizing parameters like electrolytic concentration, anodic voltage, time, current density, etc. were monitored to attain well-ordered porous oxide film on the titanium substrate. Phase analysis and the morphological survey of the anodized surface were performed by an X-Ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Phase analysis revealed that porous structure appeared at 0.4 M of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and anodic voltage at 20 V; the phase transformation from anatase to rutile occurred at 0.5 M of H2SO4. Wear tests performed on pin-on-disc–type tribometer showed accumulated oxide layer (titanium dioxide) significantly enhanced wear-resisting strength, especially abrasive wear. Comparison between the anodized and nontreated/nonanodized surface with SEM micrographs was performed to determine the response of oxide film after wear. This work determines a large range of applications for the treated surface, especially for biomaterial.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Estradiol as a male hormone
Authors: Russell Nicholas , Grossmann Mathis
Published: May 2019

Evidence has been accumulating that, in men, some of the biological actions traditionally attributed to testosterone acting via the androgen receptor may in fact be dependent on its aromatization to estradiol (E2). In men, E2 circulates at concentrations exceeding those of postmenopausal women, and estrogen receptors are expressed in many male reproductive and somatic tissues. Human studies contributing evidence for the role of E2 in men comprise rare case reports of men lacking aromatase or a functional estrogen receptor alpha, short-term experiments manipulating sex steroid milieu in healthy men, men with organic hypogonadism or men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and from observational studies in community-dwelling men. The collective evidence suggests that, in men, E2 is an important hormone for hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis regulation, reproductive function, growth hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 axis regulation, bone growth and maintenance of skeletal health, body composition and glucose metabolism and vasomotor stability. In other tissues, particularly brain, elucidation of the clinical relevance of E2 actions requires further research. From a clinical perspective, the current evidence supports the use of testosterone as the treatment of choice in male hypogonadism, rather than aromatase inhibitors (which raise testosterone and lower E2), selective androgen receptor modulators and selective estrogen receptor modulators (with insufficiently understood tissue-specific estrogenic effects). Finally, E2 treatment, either as add-back to conventional ADT or as sole mode of ADT could be a useful strategy for men with prostate cancer.
ВШАНУВАННЯ ПАМ’ЯТІ АКАДЕМІКА ВОЛОДИМИРА ГРАБОВЕЦЬКОГО ВСЕУКРАЇНСЬКА НАУКОВА КОНФЕРЕНЦІЯ “ДРУГІ ГРАБОВЕЦЬКІ ІСТОРИЧНІ ЧИТАННЯ”
Authors: Райківський Ігор , Королько Андрій
Published: May 2019

4 грудня у ДВНЗ “Прикарпатський національний університет імені Василя Стефаника” відбулася Всеукраїнська наукова конференція “Другі Грабовецькі історичні читання” з нагоди 90-річчя з дня народження академіка АН Вищої школи України Володимира Грабовецького. Її організаторами виступили кафедра історії України і методики викладання історії Факультету історії, політо­логії і міжнародних відносин, Івано-Франківська обласна організація Націо­нальної спілки крає­знавців України, Івано-Франківський історико-меморіальний музей Олекси Довбуша, Івано-Франківський обласний центр туризму і краєзнавства учнівської молоді.
ВІДЗНАЧЕННЯ 150-РІЧЧЯ ВІД ЧАСУ СТВОРЕННЯ “ПРОСВІТИ” В ПРИКАРПАТСЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ім. В. СТЕФАНИКА
Authors: Волковецький Степан , Райківський Ігор
Published: May 2019

13 грудня 2018 року в ДВНЗ “Прикарпатський національний університет імені Василя Стефаника” відбулася Всеукраїнська наукова конференція, присвячена 150-річчю від часу створення “Просвіти”. Вона була організована Івано-Франківським обласним об’єднанням ВУТ “Просвіта” та кафедрою історії України і методики викладання історії Прикарпатського університету при підтримці Івано-Франківської обласної держадміністрації, Івано-Франківської обласної ради, Івано-Франківської обласної організації Національної спілки краєзнавців України. Історичне значення товариства “Просвіта” в національному житті українського народу важко переоцінити. Вона виникла 8 грудня 1868 р. у Львові в умовах бездержавного існування українців, що перебували під владою двох імперій – Романових і Габсбургів. Імперська влада здавалася непорушною, а простий народ в абсолютній більшості був неписьменним. Майбутнє русинів-українців як окремого народу, відмінного від поляків і росіян-“великоросів”, могло виглядати для багатьох сучасників практично безнадійним. Політичну ситуацію влучно передав поетичним словом російський письменник українського походження (його нащадки були запорізькі козаки, що після заборони Січі переселилися на Кубань) Володимир Гіляровський у 1886 р.:

 

В России две напасти

Внизу власть тьмы,

А наверху – тьма власти.

 

Цей вірш-експромт стосувався Російської імперії, але схожа ситуація в ХІХ ст. була в Австрійській (з 1867 р. – Австро-Угорській) монархії. За умов імперської влади український народ залишався неосвіченим (рівень писемності на початок ХІХ ст. становив лише 5%), а правляча “верхівка” аж ніяк не хотіла поступатися владою. Виходило своєрідне “зачароване коло”, становище, з якого, здавалося, не було виходу. Однак тогочасна українська інтелігенція, в руслі національних рухів “недержавних народів” того часу, знайшла формулу, що принесла успіх у боротьбі за національне самоствердження. Ця формула вміщувалася в одне, але ємке слово, що дало назву новоствореній культурно-освітній організації – “Просвіта”. Щоправда, успіх в українському національному русі прийшов не відразу, це був шлях копіткої, наполегливої роботи освічених верств населення серед простолюду. Можливість для створення і діяльності “Просвіти” дали демократичні реформи і децентралізація внутрішнього устрою в Габсбурзькій монархії в 1860–1870-х рр.
ПРОТИСТОЯННЯ БАВАРСЬКОЇ ТА КИРИЛО-МЕФОДІЇВСЬКОЇ ХРИСТИЯНСЬКИХ МІСІЙ НА ЗЕМЛЯХ ДИНАСТІЇ МОЙМИРОВИЧІВ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ІХ ст.
Authors: Кардаш Остап
Published: May 2019

Стаття присвячена церковно-релігійному антагонізмові у володіннях династії Моймировичів та їх придунайських провінціях між двома євангелізаційними місіями – баварською, представленою духів­ництвом Зальцбурзької, Пассауської й Реґенсбурзької єпархій та кирило-мефодіївською, в особі со­лун­ських братів-місіонерів Кирила й Мефодія. Йдеться про період найбільшого розквіту Великомо­рав­ської держави 860–880-х. рр. На основі аналізу широкого спектру хронік і анналів ІX–XV ст., агіографій св. Кирила, Мефодія та св. Наума, правових кодексів VIII–IX ст., актового матеріалу з кан­це­лярії Каролінгів, некрологів, а також епістолярних текстів кількох римських понтифіків автор ви­світлює дипломатичний, церковно-догматичний і церковно-правовий аспекти проблеми на тлі військово-політичних суперечностей володарів Східнофранкського королівства і Великоморавської держави. Увагу приділено й питанню можливої співпраці представників баварського духівництва з прихильниками архієпископа Мефодія, а також протиріччям церковно-правового характеру. Автор дійшов висновку, що саме суворість світських і церковних покарань кирило-мефодіївської місії поряд з постійним тиском баварського духівництва став вирішальним у зміні вектора релігійної політики моравського князя Святоплука та подальшим визнанням ним церковної юрисдикції єпископства Пассау.

Ключові слова: Зальцбурзьке архієпископство, єпископство Пассау, Регенсбурзька єпархія, Кирило, Мефодій, Віхінг, Велика Моравія, християнська місія.