bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-creating active communities: processes and outcomes of linking public rehabilitation programs with civic engagement for active living in a Danish municipality
Authors: Hansen Anders Blædel Gottlieb , Hansen Marie Lønberg , Golubovic Sanja , Bloch Paul , Lorenzen Janne Kunchel , Almdal Thomas Peter , Ried-Larsen Mathias , Thorsen Ida Kær
Published: September 2023

Background

Increased levels of physical activity are associated with beneficial health effects for people with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and/or severe obesity; however, transforming knowledge about these effects into action is challenging. The aim of this paper is to explore lessons learnt from a co-creation process in a partnership project involving local stakeholders, including citizens, and researchers. The purpose of the process was to link a public health care institution with civil society organisations in the local community to make it possible for citizens to continue to be physically active after ending their public rehabilitation. Secondarily, this paper aims to develop a conceptual model of the above process.

Methods

The study constitutes the first part of Project Active Communities and was based on a partnership between three research institutions and a Danish rural municipality, involving municipal and civil society stakeholders and citizens with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and/or severe obesity in co-creation of concrete interventions for implementation. The co-creation process was divided into two tracks, one involving citizens (two workshops) and one involving municipal and civil society stakeholders (two workshops). The two tracks were concluded with a final workshop involving all stakeholders, including local politicians. Data sources are focus groups and bilateral meetings, workshop observations, and questionnaires.

Results

Lessons learnt include the importance of having a flexible timeframe for the co-creation process; giving room for disagreements and matching of mutual expectations between stakeholders; the value of a coordinator in the municipality to achieve acceptance of the project; and the significance of engaging local politicians in the co-creation process to accommodate internal political agendas. We have developed a conceptual model for a co-creation process, where we outline and explain three distinct phases: stakeholder identification and description, co-creation, and prototyping. The model can be adapted and applied to other sectors and settings.

Conclusions

This study documents lessons learnt in a co-creation process aiming to link a public health care institution with civil society organisations in the local community. Further, this study has specified productive co-creative processes and documented the various phases in a conceptual model.
A clinical retrospective study of implant as a risk factor for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: surgery vs loading?
Authors: Kwon Yong-Dae , Jo Hyunmi , Kim Jae-Eun , Ohe Joo-Young
Published: September 2023

Background

Risk factors for developing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) include the general condition of the patient, smoking habit, poor oral hygiene, and the type, duration, and administration route of the drug, dentoalveolar surgery, such as implant placement. This study aimed to discuss whether implants may induce osteonecrosis in older patients receiving long-term medication and to analyze the radiological pattern of the bone necrosis.

Methods

This study included 33 patients diagnosed with dental implant-associated medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Data regarding the medical history, type of medication used, durations of administration, laboratory test results, onset of bone necrosis since implant placement, type of opposing teeth, and radiological pattern of the bone necrosis on cone-beam computed tomography were recorded in patients with and without implants.

Results

The most commonly used drug was bisphosphonate, with an average duration of use of 61.37 (± 53.72) months. The laboratory results showed average serum C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide (CTX) level of 0.23 ng/mL, vitamin D, 23.42 ng/mL, and osteocalcin, 4.92 ng/mL. Osteonecrosis occurred after an average of 51.03 (± 39.75) months following implant placement. Radiological evaluation revealed obvious sequestration in the implant-absent group, and the formation of a unit sequestration with an implant fixture (en bloc) was observed in the implant-present group. The patients underwent surgical treatment of sequestrectomy and explantation.

Conclusion

Implant placement, especially loading, may be considered a potential risk factor for the development of osteonecrosis in patients undergoing antiresorptive treatment.
Two-stage stochastic-robust model for the self-scheduling problem of an aggregator participating in energy and reserve markets
Authors: Wang Jian , Xie Ning , Huang Chunyi , Wang Yong
Published: September 2023

This paper addresses a two-stage stochastic-robust model for the day-ahead self-scheduling problem of an aggregator considering uncertainties. The aggregator, which integrates power and capacity of small-scale prosumers and flexible community-owned devices, trades electric energy in the day-ahead (DAM) and real-time energy markets (RTM), and trades reserve capacity and deployment in the reserve capacity (RCM) and reserve deployment markets (RDM). The ability of the aggregator providing reserve service is constrained by the regulations of reserve market rules, including minimum offer/bid size and minimum delivery duration. A combination approach of stochastic programming (SP) and robust optimization (RO) is used to model different kinds of uncertainties, including those of market price, power/demand and reserve deployment. The risk management of the aggregator is considered through conditional value at risk (CVaR) and fluctuation intervals of the uncertain parameters. Case studies numerically show the economic revenue and the energy-reserve schedule of the aggregator with participation in different markets, reserve regulations, and risk preferences.
Association between alcohol consumption and subclinical atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yu Ga-In , Kim Daehoon , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Oh Il-Young , Park Jong Sung , Park Hyung-Seob , Park Junbeom , Lee Young Soo , Kang Ki-Woon , Shim Jaemin , Sung Jung-Hoon , Choi Eue-Keun , Joung Boyoung ,   The AF-Pacemaker Study Group
Published: September 2023

Background

It has become important to identify and manage risk factors for subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) with an increase in its detection rate. Thus, this research aimed to investigate whether alcohol consumption contributes to the development of subclinical AF.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled 467 patients without AF from a multicenter pacemaker registry. The incidence of subclinical AF (episodes of atrial rate > 220 beats per minute without symptoms) was compared between alcohol-drinking and non-drinking groups.

Results

During followup (median 18 months), the incidence and risk of long-duration atrial high-rate episodes (AHRE) ≥ 24 h were increased in the alcohol group compared to the non-alcohol group [5.47 vs. 2.10 per 100 person-years, adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 2.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14–7.04; P = 0.03]. After propensity score matching, the incidence and risk of long-duration AHRE were higher in the alcohol group (6.97 vs. 1.27 per 100 person-years, adjusted HR, 7.84; 95% CI, 1.21–50.93; P = 0.03). The mean burden of long-duration subclinical AF was higher in the alcohol group than in the non-alcohol group (0.18 vs. 1.61% during follow-up, P = 0.08).

Conclusion

Alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of subclinical AF. Long-duration AHRE incidence and AHRE burden were higher in alcohol drinkers than in non-drinkers.
Standardizing HER2 immunohistochemistry assessment: calibration of color and intensity variation in whole slide imaging caused by staining and scanning
Authors: Ohnishi Chie , Ohnishi Takashi , Ntiamoah Peter , Ross Dara S. , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Yagi Yukako
Published: September 2023

In the evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) — one of the standard biomarkers for breast cancer— visual assessment is laborious and subjective. Image analysis using whole slide image (WSI) could produce more consistent results; however, color variability in WSIs due to the choice of stain and scanning processes may impact image analysis. We therefore developed a calibration protocol to diminish the staining and scanning variations of WSI using two calibrator slides. The IHC calibrator slide (IHC-CS) contains peptide-coated microbeads with different concentrations. The color distribution obtained from the WSI of stained IHC-CS reflects the staining process and scanner characteristics. A color chart slide (CCS) is also useful for calibrating the color variation due to the scanner. The results of the automated HER2 assessment were compared to confirm the effectiveness of two calibration slides. The IHC-CS and HER2 breast cancer cases were stained on different days. All stained slides and CCS were digitized by two different WSI scanners. Results revealed 100% concordance between automated evaluation and the pathologist’s assessment with both the scanner and staining calibration. The proposed method may enable consistent evaluation of HER2.
Designing, assessing, and effectiveness a psychological interventions program with a robot for children sexual care
Authors: Tahan Mohammad , Afrooz Gholamali , Bolhari Jafar
Published: September 2023

Background

Child sexual abuse has deep and profound effects on personality and growth of children so that it is recognized as one of the major health issues in different countries. A psychological interventions program with a robot was designed and its effects on children sexual care was examined.

Results

The results showed that experts confirmed and supported 85% of the total content of the program and the sessions, and the program was effective in improving sexual cares in the subjects (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The program to protect children against sexual abuse through empowering them by the skills to protect themselves, recognize good and bad physical touches, and find a trustable adult can be considered as a therapeutic method by consultants, psychologists, and authorities.
Hybrid chitosan gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy and enhanced cytotoxic action of 6-mercaptopurine on breast cancer cell line
Authors: Faid Amna H. , Hussein Fatma El Zahraa , Mostafa Elham M. , Shouman Samia A. , Badr Yehia A. , Sliem Mahmoud A.
Published: September 2023

Background

One of the most popular anti-inflammatory and anti-leukemic medications is 6-mercaptopurine, along with its riboside derivatives. Because of their potent adverse effects and limited biological half-life, they are rarely used. These problems might be solved by a novel medication delivery technique based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In present work, gold/chitosan nanohybrid was manufactured and assessed for photothermal therapy as well as a drug carrier to minimize the unwanted harmful effects of 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP). We estimate loading of 6-MP on gold nanoparticles by chitosan reduction (Au@CS NPs) creating (Au@CS-6MP).

Results

AuNPs were green sensitized in one step via chitosan. UV–visible spectroscopy, Zeta potential, TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, and HPLC technique for loading efficiency were used to characterize AuNPs and Au@CS-6MPC NPS. Our results estimate that AuNPs and Au@CS-6MPC NPS with small sizes of 16 ± 2 and 20 ± 4 nm, respectively, and Zeta potential 53.6 ± 5.2 and 55 ± 3 mV, respectively, and loading efficiency of 52% were achieved. Cytotoxicity of the Au@CS-6MPC NPs was significantly increased compared to free 6MP with IC50 1.11 µM. Cell viability was inhibited in AuNPs exposed to DPSS laser light, reaching 10% inhibition after 8 min.

Conclusions

The prepared Au@CS-6MPC NPs resulted in an additive effect in therapeutic managing of breast cancer. It can be predicted that this nanocomposite along with synergistic effect of laser light will definitely result in better therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects of 6-MP in a combination photothermal chemotherapy treatment. This combination can be explored as future alternative for cancer therapy.
Neuroprotective action of Smilax china ethanolic bark extract in treatment of a prominent aging disorder: Parkinson’s disease induced by rotenone
Authors: Sayyaed Ayesha , Saraswat Nikita , Kulkarni Ashish , Vyawahare Neeraj
Published: September 2023

Background

Tremors, psychological difficulties, mental health issues, depression, impulsive acts, and other behavioral abnormalities are all symptoms of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Smilax china ethanolic extract was tested for its anti-Parkinson's activity using a Wistar rat model of rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease. Spectroscopic, acute toxicity and pharmacognostic analyses were performed.

Result

Brownish, the bark of Smilax china included vascular bundles and fibers upon microscopic inspection and alkaloids, carbohydrates, and phenolic substances upon phytochemical analysis. Acute toxicity testing as per Organization for Economic Corporation and Development 423 (OECD 423) on male Wistar rats revealed no harmful effects. The biochemical analysis of rotenone-induced groups revealed a disproportion. Improved body weight, mobility, coordination, and a lower incidence of catalepsy were seen in animals treated with Smilax china ethanolic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg). Smilax china 200 mg/kg extract substantially lowered motor defects determined by catalepsy score using bar test 17.061.74/s against rotenone-induced group 67.593.27/s. It also prevented the brain from oxidative stress by enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels to 5.440.01 units/mg protein compared to 2.050.104 units/mg protein in the rotenone-induced group. The vagus nerve, substantia nigra, and basal ganglia of the treated groups indicated a reduction in inflammation and alpha-synuclein destruction.

Conclusion

Based on our research, an ethanolic extract of Smilax china bark provides an effective antioxidant with promising neuroprotective properties in male Wistar rats induced with Parkinson's disease.

Graphical abstract
Ensemble Machine Learning Model Incorporating Radiomics and Body Composition for Predicting Intraoperative HDI in PPGL
Authors: Fu Yan , Wang Xueying , Yi Xiaoping , Guan Xiao , Chen Changyong , Han Zaide , Gong Guanghui , Yin Hongling , Liu Longfei , Chen Bihong T
Published: September 2023

Context

Intraoperative hemodynamic instability (HDI) can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications during surgery for pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL).

Objectives

We aimed to assess the risk of intraoperative HDI in patients with PPGL to improve surgical outcome.

Methods

A total of 199 consecutive patients with PPGL confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively included in this study. This cohort was separated into 2 groups according to intraoperative systolic blood pressure, the HDI group (n = 101) and the hemodynamic stability (HDS) group (n = 98). It was also divided into 2 subcohorts for predictive modeling: the training cohort (n = 140) and the validation cohort (n = 59). Prediction models were developed with both the ensemble machine learning method (EL model) and the multivariate logistic regression model using body composition parameters on computed tomography, tumor radiomics, and clinical data. The efficiency of the models was evaluated with discrimination, calibration, and decision curves.

Results

The EL model showed good discrimination between the HDI group and HDS group, with an area under the curve of (AUC) of 96.2% (95% CI, 93.5%-99.0%) in the training cohort, and an AUC of 93.7% (95% CI, 88.0%-99.4%) in the validation cohort. The AUC values from the EL model were significantly higher than the logistic regression model, which had an AUC of 74.4% (95% CI, 66.1%-82.6%) in the training cohort and an AUC of 74.2% (95% CI, 61.1%-87.3%) in the validation cohort. Favorable calibration performance and clinical applicability of the EL model were observed.

Conclusion

The EL model combining preoperative computed tomography-based body composition, tumor radiomics, and clinical data could potentially help predict intraoperative HDI in patients with PPGL.
The Promise and Problem of Habit in Austen's Mansfield Park
Authors: Thompson Peggy
Published: September 2023

Jane Austen uses “habit” and its variants four times as often in Mansfield Park as she does in her previous novel, Pride and Prejudice. In what seems, then, to be a deliberate exploration of habit, the novel repeatedly recalls Aristotle's views on habit, which could well have been conveyed to Austen through eighteenth-century divines who saw them as compatible with their Anglican theology. Like Aristotle, Austen emphasizes habit as crucial to an ethic that defines virtue not as self-denial, but as fulfillment within a well-governed polis, or, in her case, within an idealized estate. But as Austen explores the promise of habit in Mansfield Park, she also reveals the problems it can create. Most prominently, Austen's novel reminds us that the conditions for cultivating virtue through habituation can also function to cultivate vice or, what is more insidious, virtue understood as resignation and passivity rather than as active principle.
Contesting Women's Learning and Fashion: Ann Murry's Moral Zoological System in the Lady's Magazine
Authors: Jiang Lina
Published: September 2023

This article focuses on Ann Murry's serial essay “The Moral Zoologist, or Natural History of Animals,” which appeared in the Lady's Magazine in sixty-seven letters between 1800 and 1805. I argue that Murry's “The Moral Zoologist” contested the bounds of women's scientific knowledge in the eighteenth century. Although some scholarship has argued that women's magazines usually did not provide a coherent curriculum for female readers and confined their female readership to the merely entertaining or domestic, Murry used “The Moral Zoologist” to present readers with a systematic view of animal life, as well as moral reflections on the relationship between humans and animals. In particular, “The Moral Zoologist” includes pointed critiques of the use of animal fur and feathers for clothing and therefore provides a contrasting perspective for readers to consider when they peruse the fashion pieces that also populated the pages of the Lady's Magazine. Murry's work, therefore, shows that eighteenth-century periodicals for women were complex spaces in which different ideas about the relationship between women, science, animals, and ethics could coexist.
Case Report: Bilateral peritonsillar abscess with complications of upper airway obstruction
Authors: Perdana Rizka Fathoni , Rosalina Elsa
Published: September 2023

Background: Peritonsillar abscess is a collection of pus between the tonsillar fibrous capsule and the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Unilateral peritonsillar abscess is a common complication of acute tonsillitis, whereas bilateral peritonsillar abscess is rare. The incidence of bilateral peritonsillar abscess remains unknown but is estimated to be 4.9% of all peritonsillar abscess cases.

Case report: A 20-year-old man came to the emergency room with bilateral peritonsillar abscess and complained of shortness of breath for two weeks. Physical examination showed muffled voice, 82% oxygen saturation, and inspiratory stridor. The isthmus faucium was narrow, with approximately 30% remaining. Peritonsillar puncture revealed pus mixed with blood. The treatment for this patient included bilateral peritonsillar incision and drainage and intravenous antibiotics of levofloxacin and metronidazole. The patient came to the Ear, Nose, Throat, Head, and Neck (ENTHN) Outpatient Unit eight days after the procedure for a control checkup and was in good condition.

Conclusion: We have reported a bilateral peritonsillar abscess with complications of upper airway obstruction, in which we performed incision and drainage. Prompt and appropriate management is needed to avoid unwanted morbidity and mortality.
Comparative analysis of health authorities’ spokespersons and health influencers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nurlaela Arief N. , Pratama Andika Putra , Amalia Hasta Barata Vinka , Lathifah Tirdasari Nyayu , Budiman Dicky
Published: September 2023

The primary purpose of this research is to compare government and non-government spokespersons by examining their roles in educating about COVID-19 vaccines and health services. This study employed comparative factor analysis and non-participatory observation toward the media activity of spokespersons in Indonesia. Using a questionnaire, this study examined the dimensions of public campaigns, risk communication, health and emergency, leadership and communication from Indonesian spokespersons. The data collection was conducted in two stages: a pilot study involving 102 respondents and the actual study involving 276 respondents.

This study found that the highest perceived benefits and behavioral change come from the non-government spokesperson, of which 26.45% and 18.48% of respondents strongly agree, while the lowest is from a government spokesperson with no medical background. This study also found from five-health spokespersons, the best two are occupied by non-government with medical backgrounds, with 31.52% and 29.35% of respondents strongly agree. However, most respondents had high trust in the governments, with 14.49% strongly agreeing. Compared to those from the governmental sector, spokespersons from the non-governmental sector are perceived to induce higher perceived benefits in delivering the message. However, this does not mean there is no utility in using governmental sector spokespersons, as they are also shown to induce high levels of trust. Overall, governmental and non-governmental spokespersons show utility in different communication aspects, highlighting the need for targeted communication strategies. To conclude, these findings demonstrate that government spokespersons for the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia receive the same high level of trust as non-government spokespersons regarding communicating health hazards. The public looks forward to the regularity and routine of the leaders who serve as spokespersons in hopes of easing concerns and tension brought on by the ongoing appearance of the Omicron variation in Indonesia.
Associations between physical activity and health outcomes in clinical and non-clinical populations: A systematic meta-umbrella review
Authors: Zagorianakou Nektaria , Mantzoukas Stefanos , Tatsis Fotios , Tsiloni Evangelia , Georgakis Spiros , Nakou Agni , Gouva Mary , Dragioti Elena
Published: September 2023

Background: The beneficial effect of physical activity in various health conditions is recognised, but the consistency and magnitude of its outcomes remain debated. Therefore, we aimed to chart the evidence of the association between physical activity and health outcomes in clinical and non-clinical populations.

Methods: We conducted a meta-umbrella review using a semiquantitative and descriptive analysis. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINHAL databases from inception to February 28, 2023, for umbrella reviews that evaluated the relationship between physical activity and health outcomes using validated methods to assess evidence levels. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed quality of the umbrella reviews. The overlap analysis of component meta-analyses within the umbrella reviews was performed using the Corrected Covered Area (CCA) method. To ensure consistency, pooled effect estimates were converted to equivalent odds ratios (eORs).

Results: Sixteen umbrella reviews with a total of 130 statistically significant associations were included. The sole risk-demonstrating association, supported by convincing evidence, was between intensive sports and atrial fibrillation (eOR=1.64, 95%CI=1.10-2.43). The strongest protective associations, supported by convincing and highly suggestive evidence, were between any physical activity and the incidence of Parkinson's disease (eOR=0.66, 95%CI=0.57-0.78), Alzheimer's disease (eOR=0.62, 95%CI=0.52-0.72), cognitive decline (eOR=0.67; 95%CI=0.57-0.78), breast cancer incidence (eOR=0.87, 95%CI=0.84-0.90), endometrial cancer incidence (eOR=0.79, 95%CI=0.74-0.85), and between recreational physical activity and the incidence/mortality of cancer (eOR=0.70, 95%CI=0.60-0.83). The remaining ones demonstrated lower levels of evidence, while 60 (46.2%) of those exhibited multiple levels of evidence, displaying a lack of consistency.

Conclusion: Despite the inconsistent evidence across associations, the contribution of regular physical activity to maintaining both physical and mental health cannot be underestimated, particularly when it comes to cognitive and cancer outcomes. The association between intensive sports and potential risk of atrial fibrillation requires further consideration though.
Mental health and experiences of school attendance through the Irish Education Welfare Service
Authors: O Flynn Sinead , Cahill Kevin , Connolly Tracey
Published: September 2023

This article explores the impact of mental health on school attendance. This study is based on PhD research involving young people referred to the Statutory Irish Education Welfare Service (EWS). These young people were referred to the Service for poor school attendance or non-school attendance and presented with school refusal behaviours. Truancy was not considered a factor in the absenteeism; parents were aware of the absences and admitted that they were unable to get their children to attend school or return to school. This article specifically examines the relationship between mental health and school attendance through a qualitative research piece and uses four case study samples from the research. The research indicates how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), trauma, bereavement, parental mental health and bullying all have significant impact on school attendance and engagement, and how inadequate supports for young people, struggling with complex issues, result in prolonged periods of school absenteeism.
Consequences of Information Feed Integration on User Engagement and Contribution: A Natural Experiment in an Online Knowledge-Sharing Community
Authors: Cao Zike , Zhu Yingpeng , Li Gen , Qiu Liangfei
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates the ramifications of information feed integration on user engagements and contributions in online content-sharing platforms by exploiting a natural experiment occurred in a leading knowledge-sharing platform that integrated informal social posts with professional knowledge content in one feed. Our results show that the juxtaposition of incongruous types of content increased mindset switching and cognitive strain, thus hurting user engagements. We also reveal a novel crowding-out effect, viz., the integration heightened concerns that posting informal social posts would dilute the contributor’s professional image, thus inhibiting user contributions. Our findings hold important practical implications for all platforms that host (or are considering hosting) diverse types of user-generated content (UGC). Additional content curation tools can potentially enhance user engagement and retention, but their effectiveness hinges on a foundational and crucial element—the presentation format of heterogeneous content types. Essentially, the value of curating informal social posts in a knowledge-sharing platform would diminish when those content intrudes upon and conflict with the professional domain. This insight underscores that any UGC platforms, when adopting a diversity-oriented strategy, should pay close attention to heterogeneity between different content types for the purpose of optimizing user experiences and promoting user contributions.
Moral Support and Performance
Authors: Colella Fabrizio , Dalton Patricio S. , Giusti Giovanni
Published: September 2023

This study presents unique empirical evidence on the importance of moral support for performance. We take advantage of an unusual change in Argentinean football legislation. In August 2013, as a matter of national security, the Argentinean government forced all teams in the first division to play their games with only home team supporters. Supporters of visiting teams were not allowed to be in stadiums during league games. We estimate the effect of this exogenous variation of supporters on team performance and find that visiting teams are on average about 20% more likely to lose without the presence of their supporters. As a counterfactual experiment, we run the analysis using contemporaneous cup games, where the visiting team supporters were allowed to attend, and find no effect of the ban on those games. Moreover, the ban does not seem to bias the decisions of referees, the lineups, or the market value of the teams, suggesting that the effect on team performance is due to the loss of moral support rather than other factors. Finally, we find that moral support is more relevant when there is equal power between the two teams, suggesting that moral support compensates the power of monetary resources. This paper provides a proof of concept of moral support as an important nonmonetary resource, even in settings with high monetary incentives.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02906 .
Optimal Dynamic Control of an Epidemic
Authors: Kruse Thomas , Strack Philipp
Published: September 2023

Optimal Dynamic Control of an Epidemic

We analyze how to optimally engage in social distancing in order to minimize the spread of an infectious disease. We identify conditions under which any optimal policy first engages in increasingly more social distancing and subsequently decreases its intensity. We show that an optimal policy might substantially delay measures that decrease the transmission rate to create herd immunity and that engaging in social distancing suboptimally early can increase the number of fatalities. Finally, we find that optimal social distancing can be an effective measure to reduce the death rate of a disease.
Lessons learned from a multiagency community mental health centre quality improvement learning collaborative in New Hampshire
Authors: Doyle Marcy , Watts Delitha , Umana Molly , Thomas Janet , Ryer Jeanne
Published: September 2023

Background/Aims

Community mental health centres in the US often struggle to implement the evidenced-based metrics and measurement processes required for quality reporting initiatives. Through the co-design and facilitation of a learning collaborative, all 10 community mental health centres in New Hampshire agreed on the goal of demonstrating measurement alignment and improvement across three behavioural health metrics related to depression and suicide risk, aiming for a screening rate of at least 85% in a year.

Methods

The learning system framework and Lean Six Sigma define, measure, analyse, improve and control methodologies were used to increase participation and improve quality reporting. Teams were asked to participate in both a group learning collaborative and individual centre facilitation sessions, working with a quality improvement specialist. Reported measures were compared with subsets of the population data and between centres. Outliers were identified for potential reporting inaccuracies and opportunities for improvement.

Results

All 10 community mental health centres were able to accurately report screening results on all three measures. After 12 months, 70% of the teams were able to reach the group-determined goal of at least 85% of eligible patients being screened in one measure, 40% of the teams met the benchmark in two measures and 20% of the teams were able to meet the benchmark in all three measures.

Conclusions

Early investment by community mental health centre leadership through the development of a shared aim and project outcomes is essential to support learning and achieve positive outcomes. Quality improvement specialists are vital for facilitation of shared learning and practice across organisations.
GaN-On-Silicon Ally
Authors: Vadaszffy Karl
Published: September 2023

D3GaN technology is preparing the way to a high-efficiency electrical drivetrain inverter by utilizing cost-efficient silicon substrate and delivering efficiency performances that outpace those of silicon carbide-based inverters
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, asthma as the first symptom, and subsequent Loeffler endocarditis: A case report
Authors: He Jia-Ling , Liu Xing-Yu , Zhang Yi , Niu Li , Li Xin-Lin , Xie Xing-Yu , Kang Yang-Ting , Yang Lan-Qing , Cai Zheng-Yang , Long Hui , Ye Guang-Fei , Zou Jun-Xin
Published: September 2023

In recent years, metabolomics research has become a hot spot in the screening and treatment of cancer. It is a popular technique for the quantitative characterization of small molecular compounds in biological cells, tissues, organs or organisms. Further study of the tumor revealed that amino acid changes may occur early in the tumor. The rapid growth and metabolism required for survival result in tumors exhibiting an increased demand for amino acids. An abundant supply of amino acids is important for cancer to maintain its proliferative driving force. Changes in amino acid metabolism can be used to screen malignant tumors and improve therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the characteristics of amino acid metabolism in colorectal cancer. This article reviews several specific amino acid metabolism characteristics in colorectal cancer.
Anesthetic management of a pregnant patient with Eisenmenger’s syndrome: A case report
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wei Ting-Ting , Chen Gang
Published: September 2023

In recent years, metabolomics research has become a hot spot in the screening and treatment of cancer. It is a popular technique for the quantitative characterization of small molecular compounds in biological cells, tissues, organs or organisms. Further study of the tumor revealed that amino acid changes may occur early in the tumor. The rapid growth and metabolism required for survival result in tumors exhibiting an increased demand for amino acids. An abundant supply of amino acids is important for cancer to maintain its proliferative driving force. Changes in amino acid metabolism can be used to screen malignant tumors and improve therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the characteristics of amino acid metabolism in colorectal cancer. This article reviews several specific amino acid metabolism characteristics in colorectal cancer.
Recurrence of unilateral angioedema of the tongue: A case report
Authors: Matsuhisa Yuki , Kenzaka Tsuneaki , Shimizu Hironori , Hirose Hideo , Gotoh Tadao
Published: September 2023

In recent years, metabolomics research has become a hot spot in the screening and treatment of cancer. It is a popular technique for the quantitative characterization of small molecular compounds in biological cells, tissues, organs or organisms. Further study of the tumor revealed that amino acid changes may occur early in the tumor. The rapid growth and metabolism required for survival result in tumors exhibiting an increased demand for amino acids. An abundant supply of amino acids is important for cancer to maintain its proliferative driving force. Changes in amino acid metabolism can be used to screen malignant tumors and improve therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the characteristics of amino acid metabolism in colorectal cancer. This article reviews several specific amino acid metabolism characteristics in colorectal cancer.
"A Posture ridiculous"; or, Aphra Behn and the Politics of Pratfalls
Authors: Pawluk Charles Michael
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This essay argues that the tropology of the Punch and Judy show and the commedia dell'arte found in Behn's play The Emperor of the Moon (1687) provides a key to the strange murders that appear at the end of The History of the Nun (1688), her intermedial translation of narrative technique and the tradition of physical comedy underscoring my reading of these murders as comic instead of tragic. Though we may not laugh at these scenes, Behn's comic treatment of violence functions as a rhetorical means to critique eighteenth-century British conceptions of "gendered" violence. By coding the final events of The History of the Nun in the same way as the farce of her previous drama, Behn is arguing less for the reader to understand Isabella's actions than to understand that a system that produces the shame she feels—and a system that would accept similarly violent behavior from a man as intrepid—is something to be laughed at and ridiculed.
Eliza Haywood and the Epistemological Frustrations of Embodiment
Authors: Cook Collin
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Focusing on Love in Excess and Lasselia , this article reads Eliza Haywood's depictions of passionate intensity in relation to the current embrace of affected bodies in both Haywood studies and interdisciplinary research. However, I argue that, rather than clarifying the relations among the passions, the body, and the self, Haywood's figurations of embodiment disclose new epistemological frustrations for the embodied subject. But those frustrations, I suggest, are ultimately the generative aspect of Haywood's project. By encouraging us to think with her about how the language of embodiment challenges understandings of the self, the affects, and sovereignty, Haywood also challenges us to formulate a new, more flexible vocabulary to describe the baffling entanglements among ourselves, each other, and our world.
Speaking Freely, Writing Poetically: Law and Literature in Eighteenth-Century Free Speech Debates
Authors: King Rachael Scarborough
Published: September 2023

Abstract: A review of Trevor Ross's Writing in Public: Literature and the Liberty of the Press in Eighteenth-Century Britain , a book about legal changes regarding free speech and the press in the long eighteenth century and their effect on the concept of literature.
Introduction: Scholarship in a Time of Crisis
Authors: Alves Kathleen Tamayo
Published: September 2023

Abstract: As specialists of the artifacts of the age of empire, eighteenth-century scholars are distinctively positioned and privileged to interrogate the enduring conception (and misconceptions) of the Enlightenment. Written in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, "Scholarship in a Time of Crisis" takes up this ethical responsibility by engaging with the direct present-day consequences of systemic violence rooted in the eighteenth century, made more explicit during the capitalist strain of the pandemic. Together, through lived experience and expertise, these contributors look beyond the canon to find future-oriented modes of reparation imagined by the thinkers of this time.
Is This the End?
Authors: King Rachael Scarborough , Rudy Seth
Published: September 2023

Abstract: In the early seventeenth century, Francis Bacon called for both a new start to knowledge production and a reconsideration of its ends. In the reorganization of knowledge that characterized the Enlightenment, disciplines were conceived as having particular purposes as well as a point at which their projects would be complete. This essay revisits this foundational question at another inflection point in its long history: four hundred years after his Great Instauration , as we face the new era that will emerge from the coalescent crises of COVID-19, climate disaster, the right-wing war on education, and the precarity of the neoliberal university. We believe the time has come again for knowledge producers across fields and disciplines to reorient their work around the question of "ends." As scholars and disciplines pursue their individual knowledge projects, they must be able to answer the questions: why do we do what we do, and how could we know that we were done?
EDIRNet: an unsupervised deformable registration model for X-ray and neutron images
Authors: Zeng Qingtian , Yang Congli , Gan Quan , Wang Qihong , Wang Shansong
Published: September 2023

For high-precision industrial non-destructive testing, multimodal image registration technology can be employed to register X-ray and neutron images. X-ray and neutron image registration algorithms usually use conventional methods through iterative optimization. These methods will increase the cost of registration time and require more initialization parameters. The imaging results of internal sample structures can suffer from edge blurring due to the influence of a neutron beam collimator aperture, X-ray focal point, and imaging angles. We present an unsupervised learning model, EDIRNet, based on deep learning for deformable registration of X-ray and neutron images. We define the registration process as a function capable of estimating the flow field from input images. By leveraging deep learning techniques, we effectively parameterize this function. Consequently, given a registration image, our optimized network parameters enable rapid and direct estimation of the flow field between the images. We design an attention-based edge enhancement module to enhance the edge features of the image. For evaluating our presented network model, we utilize a dataset including 552 pairs of X-ray and neutron images. The experimental results show that the registration accuracy of EDIRNet reaches 93.09%. Compared with traditional algorithms, the accuracy of EDIRNet is improved by 3.17%, and the registration time is reduced by 28.75 s.
Nitrogen thermometry in an inductively coupled plasma torch using broadband nanosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
Authors: Fries Dan , Stark Spenser T. , Murray John S. , Bhakta Rajkumar , Jans Elijah R. , Clemens Noel T. , Varghese Philip L. , Kearney Sean P.
Published: September 2023

The development of atmospheric hypersonic flight and re-entry
capabilities requires the characterization of the thermo-chemical
state of representative test environments. This study demonstrates the
usage of multiplex nanosecond N2 coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
(CARS) to measure temperatures in an atmospheric, high-temperature (>6000K), air plasma plume, generated by an
inductively coupled plasma torch. These are some of the highest
temperatures ever accessed via gas-phase CARS, to our knowledge.
Temperatures of N2 in the equilibrium plasma plume are
determined via theoretical fits to measured CARS spectra. We discuss
the practical implementation of CARS at very high temperatures,
including the scaling of the N2 CARS signal strength from 300 to
6700 K, where the expected peak signal from the
high-temperature plasma torch gases is two orders of magnitude less
than commonly encountered in combustion environments. An intensified
CCD camera enables single-laser-shot detection at temperatures as high
as 6200 K, by increasing sensitivity and providing a time gate
against intense background luminosity. We also discuss the impacts of
unwanted two-beam CARS contributions from outside the nominal
three-beam measurement volume. We present mean axial and radial
temperature profiles, as well as time-series data derived from both
single-laser-shot and accumulated CARS spectra. The single-laser-shot
precision is 1.7%–2.6% at temperatures of 3500 to 6200 K. The
presented results pave the way for the use of CARS at very high
temperatures and the measurement of spatially resolved interface
processes in high-enthalpy flows.
Nonlinear phase error correction method based on multi-grayscale coding
Authors: Cao Xinyuan , Liu Jinyue , Jia Xiaohui , Liu Yunhuang , Li Tiejun
Published: September 2023

Fringe projection profilometry is a non-contact and highly efficient 3D measurement technique widely used in various applications. However, the nonlinear intensity response of digital projectors affects measurement accuracy. While increasing the number of fringe projections can reduce the errors caused by nonlinear problems, it significantly prolongs the measurement time. In order to improve both accuracy and speed simultaneously, a nonlinear phase error correction method based on multi-grayscale coding is proposed. The intensity response curve of the system is fitted by the grayscale images, and then the grayscale values of the phase-shifting fringe images are corrected to reduce the nonlinear error. In order to reduce the number of fringe projections and speed up the measurement, the multi-grayscale coding method is used to divide the phase interval by the order of the gray values of the same pixel in multiple grayscale images. The experimental results validate the efficacy of the proposed multi-grayscale coding method. An accurate phase calculation is achieved, and a single reconstruction can be achieved with only seven photos. After the nonlinear correction, the phase accuracy of the three-step phase-shifting algorithm is increased by 50.77%, and the reconstruction accuracy of the standard ball is increased by 46.38%.
Reinforcement-learning-based path planning in multilayer elastic optical networks [Invited]
Authors: Tanaka Takafumi
Published: September 2023

This paper reports our study on the multilayer path (MLP) planning method in multilayer networks to achieve the flexible accommodation of large-capacity and diversified traffic. In addition to traffic grooming of sub-lambda paths, MLP design requires optimal selection of the operational mode. In this paper, we discuss MLP design methods that use reinforcement learning and auxiliary graphs to achieve MLP designs that satisfy various requirements such as cost, energy, and low blocking probability. We introduce a heuristic MLP planning method using auxiliary graphs. This method can determine link weights of auxiliary graphs to comply with arbitrary predefined policies; it yields MLPs whose characteristics satisfy the MLP requirements. We then describe an approach to optimize the weights of the auxiliary graph using reinforcement learning. In simulations, we evaluate the number of successfully allocated MLP paths, the required number of transceivers, and the capacity distribution of optical paths in a scenario where MLP requests are generated sequentially. The quantitative results show that our MLP design method can adaptively adjust the link weights of the auxiliary graphs under various network conditions. This can significantly improve the performance compared to heuristic design methods that assume fixed policies.
Second harmonic enhancement effect in double U split-ring resonators
Authors: Hu Jiahao , Zhao Chaoying
Published: September 2023

Frequency multiplication plays an important role in spectrum research; therefore, in order to achieve enhancement of the second harmonic, the internal structure of nonlinear plasma metamaterial cells becomes more and more complex. The original harmonic oscillator model only regards the cell as a single harmonic oscillator, and a complete understanding of the physical processes involved in harmonic generation experiments in plasmonics is still lacking. In the case in which the plasma structure in a single cell becomes more and more complex, it is not reasonable to regard the entire cell as a single nonlinear oscillator. So expanding the harmonic oscillator model becomes more significant. In this paper, the internal structure of the proposed double U split-ring resonators (DU-SRRs) is regarded as two harmonic oscillators with different resonant frequencies, and the generation process of the enhanced second harmonic is explained by the resonance theorem. The second and third order nonlinear coefficients of the metamaterial are calculated, and the theoretical second harmonic conversion efficiency is obtained by using the second order nonlinear coefficients. Compared with the simulation results of the DU-SRR based on the split-ring resonator, we validate this classical theory as well as the associated numerical algorithm. The ability of the DU-SRR to enhance the second harmonic is proved, and the physical changes inside the cell and the reasons for the enhancement are explained in detail. This method can be used to analyze the nonlinear phenomena in metamaterials with complex cell structures.