bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF THE FREQUENCY AND STRUCTURE OF ABORTIONS IN THE REGION OF CENTRAL RUSSIA
Authors: Akhilgova Zarina S. , Volkov V. G , Granatovich N. N
Published: February 2020

Abortion occupies a leading place in the structure of reproductive losses. The purpose of the study is to assess the structure and frequency of abortions in the Tula region Russia. Material and methods. In the period from 2013 to 2017, the analysis of the dynamics of fertility and abortion in the period up to 22 weeks was carried out. Results. During 5 years in the region of 73 517 was born living children. The analysis showed that the number of termination of pregnancy was 25 126, of them in the early stages (up to 12 weeks) 23 396 (93.1%), in the period from 12 to 22 weeks - 1730 (6.9%). The number of abortions in the region to 22 weeks decreased from 47.9 to 29.4 per 1,000 women (15-49 years) and from 19.9 to 11.4 per 100 born alive and dead. Compared with other types of abortion, the lowest basic rate of decline (9.97%) was set for spontaneous abortion (9.97%), the highest for medical legal abortion - 62.11%. In the structure of termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks there was an increase of spontaneous abortion for 2015 -2017 (the basic growth rate of 16.6%). In the region, there was an increase in the frequency of abortions in the first pregnancy by 33.9% and an increase in abortions for medical reasons by 16.85%. The age ratio of abortions remains stable throughout the follow-up period. Conclusion. The structure of reproductive losses in the region is still dominated by medical legal abortions, but among the true prenatal losses the leading role belongs to spontaneous abortion. Reducing the frequency of spontaneous abortion is the main unconditional reserve to increase the reproductive potential of the region.
FEATURES OF PREGNANCY IN NULLIPAROUS WITH EARLY PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: Volkov V. G , Badalova Leyla M.
Published: February 2020

Objective - to study the characteristics of the course of pregnancy, maternal and perinatal outcomes in nulliparous with early preeclampsia. Methods. 127 nulliparas were included in the prospective case-control study. Two groups were formed: 1st (n = 27) - pregnant with early preeclampsia, 2nd (n = 100) - pregnant without preeclampsia. Mild preeclampsia occurred in 21 (77,8%) and severe in 6 (22,2%). Results. A significant difference was detected in the I trimester, which was expressed in differently directed changes in the indices of ß-hCG and PAPP-A. Violation of hemodynamic parameters was noted at 18-21 weeks which was observed in group 1st and was expressed by an increase in the systolic-diastolic ratio predominantly in the left uterine artery. In group 1st, shallow water, fetal growth retardation syndrome were more often detected, and antenatal death occurred in 2 cases. In total, 25 newborns were born alive in group 1st, 100 in group 2nd. Apgar score: less than 7 points in group 1st in 5 (18,5%), and in group 2nd - 8 (8%). Conclusions. The peculiarities of the course of pregnancy with early preeclampsia are a decrease in the level of PAPP-A in the period of 11-13 weeks and a violation of hemodynamics in the period of 18-21 weeks. The timely detection of pregnant women at risk of developing early preeclampsia will determine the criteria for more intensive monitoring and the use of prophylactic treatment methods.
THE APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC FIELDS AND FLUCTUORIZATION IN THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD IN PATIENTS AFTER RADICAL MASTECTOMY
Authors: Gerasimenko Marina Yu. , Evstigneyeva Inna S. , Perfil’yeva O. M , Tumbinskaya L. V
Published: February 2020

We conducted an objective and instrumental examination in 76 patients with radical mastectomy in the early postoperative period (2-4 days), after which the patients of the 1st group (n = 38) underwent a course of fluctuation of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and upper extremity from the side of operative interference without interruption. Group 2 (n = 38) after the course, the course of fluctuation of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and upper limb from the side of operative interference without interruption was carried out extended low-intensity magnetic therapy of the postoperative area and arm. It has been proved that with this combination, the patient notes an improvement in the quality of life, postoperative swelling decreases, pain syndrome decreases, lymphorrhea periods shorten. As a result of the study, the number of postoperative complications in the wound area decreased (inflammation, infectious processes, pain, seam divergence). There is an increase in the amount and quality of movements, reduced sensitivity disorders in the upper limbs. The results of remote infrared thermography showed that the positive dynamics remained only in patients from both groups who received the combined use of two factors, which proves the prolongation of the clinical effect. Thus, the combination of two physical factors in the early postoperative period, in patients after radical mastectomy, has broad functionality and allows to obtain a more pronounced and stable clinical result.
Improved Estimator of the Conditional Tail Expectation in the case of heavy-tailed losses
Authors: Laidi Mohamed , Rassoul Abdelaziz , Ould Rouis Hamid
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we investigate the extreme-value methodology, to propose an improved estimator of the conditional tail expectation (CTE) for a loss distribution with a finite mean but infinite variance.The present work introduces a new estimator of the CTE based on the bias-reduced estimators of high quantile for heavy-tailed distributions. The asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is established and checked, in a simulation study. Moreover, we compare, in terms of bias and mean squared error, our estimator with the known old estimator.
On Distributions of One Class of Random Sums and their Applications
Authors: Matsak Ivan , Moklyachuk Mikhail
Published: February 2020

We propose results of the investigation of properties of the random sums of random variables. We consider the case, where the number of summands is the first moment of an event occurrence. An integral equation is presented that determines distributions of random sums. With the help of the obtained results we analyse the distribution function of the time during which the Geiger-Muller counter will not lose any particles, the distribution function of the busy period of a redundant system with renewal, and the distribution function of the sojourn times of a single-server queueing system.
A Density-Based Empirical Likelihood Ratio Approach for Goodness-of-fit Tests in Decreasing Densities
Authors: Fakoor Vahid , Ajami Masoud , Amir Jahanshahi Seyed Mahdi , Shariati Ali
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we propose a test for the null hypothesis that a decreasing density function belongs to a givenparametric family of distribution functions against the non-parametric alternative. This method, which is based on an empirical likelihood (EL) ratio statistic, is similar to the test introduced by Vexler and Gurevich [23]. The consistency of the test statistic proposed is derived under the null and alternative hypotheses. A simulation study is conducted to inspect the power of the proposed test under various decreasing alternatives. In each scenario, the critical region of the test is obtained using a Monte Carlo technique. The applicability of the proposed test in practice is demonstrated through a few real data examples.
The Ristic-Balakrishnan odd log-logistic family of distributions: Properties and Applications
Authors: Esmaeili Hamid , Lak Fazlollah , Altun Emrah
Published: February 2020

This paper investigates general mathematical properties of a new generator of continuous distributions with two extra parameter called the Ristic-Balakrishnan odd log-logistic family of distributions. We present some special models and investigate the asymptotes. The new density function can be expressed as a linear combination of exponentiated densities based on the same baseline distribution. Explicit expressions for the ordinary and incomplete moments, generating functions and order statistics, which hold for any baseline model, are determined. Further, we discuss the estimation of the model parameters by maximum likelihood and present a simulation study based on maximum likelihood estimation. A regression model based on proposed model was introduced. Finally, three applications to real data were provided to illustrate the potentiality of the family of distributions.
PEYZAJ TASARIM SÜREÇLERİNDE COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİNİN KULLANIMI: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHRİ DERYA PARKI İÇİN EN KISA YOLLARIN VE SEYİR TERASI KONUMLARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: AKSOY Talha , ERDOĞAN Özlem , ÇABUK Saye
Published: February 2020

Peyzaj tasarımın
temelinde, kullanıcı beklentileri ve tasarım mekânının doğal ve kültürel özelliklerine
uygun olarak fonksiyonel, ekonomik, ekolojik ve ekonomik çözümler üretme hedefi
yer almaktadır. Çoğunlukla yaratıcı bir süreç dahilinde,  nispeten sübjektif yaklaşımlar ve
tasarımcının öngörüleriyle gerçekleştirilen peyzaj tasarımı günümüzde sadece
bilgisayar destekli çizim ve tasarım teknolojilerinden değil, mekânsal analiz
ve değerlendirmelerin kapsamlı ve objektif kriterler temelinde
gerçekleştirildiği coğrafi bilgi teknolojilerinden de faydalanır hale
gelmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada, Eskişehir İli Şehri Derya Parkı’nda
belirli noktalara erişim açısından en kısa yollar ile manzara niteliği yüksek
ve kullanıcılarda estetik duygular uyandırabilecek seyir terasları konumları belirlenmiştir.
Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) desteğiyle çalışma alanı içinde tespit edilen 15
farklı düğüm noktasına en kısa bağlantı yolları tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca, bağlantı
yollarının üzerinde gölün yüzey alanının görülebilirliğinin hesaplandığı 9 adet
seyir terası noktası oluşturulmuştur. Böylelikle, gerçekleştirilen uygulama ile
sadece planlama değil, mekânsal tasarım çalışmalarında da etkin ve hedeflenen
sonuçlara ulaşılmasında CBS’nin kullanım olanakları ve sağlayacağı katma
değerin vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır.
AN ANALYTICAL APPROXIMATION FOR THE LOCAL FLOW BETWEEN COUNTER-ROTATING CYLINDER PAIR
Authors: OGRETİM Egemen
Published: February 2020

Flow around a pair of cylinders is of interest for various applications. Especially with the development of self-propelled, autonomous vehicles, this topic has gained further importance. There have been experimental, numerical and, to a much less extent, theoretical studies of this flow and its implications on the cylinders. However, the complexity of the problem does not allow a general solution, and case-by-case solutions have been produced. In this study, a theoretical approach was embraced, in which differential geometry is employed to model the local flow between a pair of counter-rotating cylinders. In order to obtain practical formulae for a steady, laminar, incompressible flow, Navier-Stokes equations were simplified and expressed in a new, parabolic coordinate system. Then, further simplifications due to the symmetrical nature of the problem were applied. Finally, boundary conditions were imposed while performing the integrals, and the desired equations for velocity and pressure were reached. Unlike the previous studies that are limited to very slow flows, the equations obtained in this study are applicable in the entire incompressible, laminar regime, albeit only between the cylinders. Using these equations, the effects of the rotation speed, cylinder spacing and cylinder radius were studied and presented graphically.
Pengaruh Pemahaman Pendidikan Agama Islam terhadap Pengamalan Keagamaan Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Sangkulirang
Authors: Nurhandayani Sri
Published: February 2020

This research in the wake of the fact that in this time,  students who study Islamic religious education but in himself has not formed Muslim personality, Beginning of dress, speech, association, and other things. In fact, there are still many who have not established conduct religious teachings such as prayer, fasting, and in her social morals less reflects a Muslim student. And do not rule out some that have very broad spiritual  experience  can leave worship and even do things that are religiously forbidden.This research aimed to determine whether there is the effect of understanding islamic education on spiritual  experience  SMA N 1 Sangkulirang. The hypothesis of this study is " theare  is significant effect  among the understanding of Islamic religious education on  spiritual  experience  student SMA N 1 Sangkulirang." That is the better understanding of Islamic education, it would be better of  the spiritual  experience student SMA N I Sangkulirang.The sample collection technique is using cluster random sampling technique on student of SMA N1 class X and XI. While respondents count 104 students. The results obtained show that  understanding of Islamic religious education have the value of  r count of 0.587 with significance value of 0.000. And the count value r is greater than r table (0.578> 0.191), while the value of significance is also smaller than alpha of 0.05 (0.000> 0.05) thus testing showed Ha Ho accepted and rejected. These results show that the variable understanding of Islamic religious education in a positive and significant effect on students' religious practice.R Square results obtained amounted to 0.345 which means that the variable student religious practice can be affected by variables Islam understanding of religious education 34.5%, while the rest is influenced by other variables outside the research.Therefore can be concluded that the understanding of Islamic religious education affect on the  spiritual  experience student. Based on the above findings, the authors suggest to the school in order to further enhance the learning of Islamic education to provide religious understanding and practice to students.
Hubungan Pengembangan Bahan Ajar dan Media Pembelajaran dengan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PAI di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Achmad Andi
Published: February 2020

The background of this research with low level of knowledge and understanding of students in the subjects taught in the educational unit. it is caused by a large load of the subjects taught, the number of core competencies and basic competencies are mastered, the lack of teaching materials used reference and instructional media use is considered monotonous. Therefore, the education unit is expected to have a strategy to deal with the issues involved, so that the learning process in educational units to run well so that student learning outcomes can be achieved to the fullest. One of them is the development of teaching materials and media learning. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship of the development of teaching materials and media with the results of student learning in Public Elementary Schools District Sungai Kunjang. This research is a quantitative study with associative approach. The number of respondents in this research is 160 students, this selection using quota sampling technique and proportional random sampling. The technique of data analysis in this research is using correlation test and t-test. The results of this research is there is a positive and significant relationship between the development of teaching materials and media with the results of student learning in Islamic Religious Education in Public Elementary Schools District Sungai Kunjang.
Implementasi Penilaian Kurikulum 2013 pada Bidang Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMA Negeri Kota Tenggarong
Authors: Firdan Firdan
Published: February 2020

This research is grounded by the low understanding of the assessment in the Curriculum 2013 is one of the problems in school. This is due to internal and external barriers. To overcome these obstacles it is necessary to have quality coordination from the competent party with the school related to the implementation of the 2013 curriculum assessment. This study aims to determine the implementation of the 2013 curriculum assessment model and the supporting and inhibiting factors of the implementation of the 2013 curriculum assessment model, especially the field of Islamic Religious Education study at Tenggarong high school. The research method used qualitative descriptive type with multi disciplinary approach. While processing techniques and data analysis using data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The result of this research is the implementation of curriculum 2013 assessment the field of Islamic Religious Education Studies at Tenggarong High School covers four aspects, namely, spiritual aspect, knowledge aspect, social aspect and skill aspect that has been implemented. In detail can be concluded as follows: 1) Assessment based on the type used is Daily Deuteronomy in writing and oral, assignment, Mid Semester and Deuteronomy end of semester, but not yet executing authentic assessment model. 2) Appraisal Assessment based on the aspects used are observations, in attitude assessment, both spiritual and religious attitudes, but have not used self-assessment, assessment among friends, journal notes teachers. While the skills aspect has not used project appraisal and portopolio. 3) Supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the curriculum 2013 assessment in the field of study of Islamic Religious Education at State Senior High School 1 and State Senior High School 2 in Tenggarong show similarity. From the spiritual aspect, social aspect, knowledge aspect and skill aspect. While the inhibiting factor is the inadequate allocation of learning time of Islamic Religious Education, the difficulty of making indicators of spiritual attitudes and social attitudes to be assessed, the questions tested have not been tested yet, the limitations of the means of worship, the condition of the less disciplined students, the assessment of the practice exam is not conducive, The lack of involvement of other teachers in the assessment of spiritual attitudes and social attitudes.
Pola Relasi Sosial Keagamaan Mahasiswa Aktivis di Kota Samarinda: Studi Kasus Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Isntitut Agama Islam Negeri Samarinda dan Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda
Authors: Widiarto Sri
Published: February 2020

Social Relation Pattern of College Activists, between ideal and reality is the existence of very interesting problem to investigate which has something to do with ghairu mah{d{ah (common ritual) because of the following factors:   there are some students who less understand Islamic principles in comprehensive way, some students are less creative in packaging of Islamic activities; some students are less interested in Islamic Studies at campus and some others have less commitment in the implementation of Islamic values. Problem of this research is how is the religious social relation pattern of college activists in Samarinda? and what are the factors to affect religious social relation pattern of college activists in Samarinda? This case study research uses qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection technique was done by using observation, interview, and documentation. Data of this research is analyzed by using triangulation. It was done by reduction through induction and deduction process of observation transcripts, interview, and documentation of individual case, and it is compared in cross case analysis in discussion, and it was concluded as a research finding. This research reveals two conclusions. Firstly, religious social relation pattern of college activists in Samarinda of Students’ Executive Council of State Islamic Institute of Samarinda and Students’ Executive Council KM of Mulawarman University Samarinda individually are internal board management;  external board management; peoples who gives contributions to the college; people who play role in the family; influencial people in society. In terms of organization, to develop religion, establish cooperation with attitude and develop relevant programs. Secondly, factors which affect religious social relation pattern of college activists in Samarinda of Students’ Executive Council of State Islamic Institute of Samarinda and Students’ Executive Council KM of Mulawarman University Samarinda are Islamic and general education factor; family and environment factor, awareness factor, and social media factor.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Moral di Taman Kanak-Kanak Al Ihsan Bontang
Authors: Asiah Siti Nor
Published: February 2020

The research background is to find out the implementation of moral learning developed in the curriculum of Taman Kanak-kanak Al Ihsan Bontang on moral development of children and school competitiveness. The research objective is to describe the effort in the implementation of moral learning of the children at Taman Kanak-kanak Al Ihsan Bontang. The research methodology is using qualitative research method based on post positivism or interpretive philosophy, the naturalistic qualitative research methods that are inductive, the data obtained is qualitative data, which later will be interpreted so that the meaning is understood. The data collection techniques are interview, observation, and documentation. The research result shows that the implementation of moral learning at TK Al Ihsan Bontang has been planned to run properly, curriculum that is compiled until the birth of habituation activities is implemented to the students in daily implementation; such as pray for each other, Friday sharing, queued up in various things, care for each other, etc. make the atmosphere of learning and playing there becomes so good, the children seem to know their respective responsibilities and there is no rough treatment of friends his age, under him or to those who are more mature than his age. The teacher easily organizes the students and almost no students are unruly. Thus the desired achievement will not be difficult to be achieved and guided curriculum on Permendikbud no. 137 and no. 146 Year 2014 with 6 (six) aspects of development, will be easily achieved when the aspects of development to be achieved have been established for the activities that support the habituation so that children are unconsciously easily and with self-awareness applying and carrying out praiseworthy qualities.
Pengaruh Program Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) dan Musyawarah Kelompok Kerja Kepala Sekolah (MKKKS) terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Guru di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara
Authors: Santoso Agus , Achmad Andi , Wardana Muhammad Ibnusyam
Published: February 2020

Apathy about teacher performance in schools is one reality. The fact of the tendency of doubt about the performance of the teacher could have been caused by the absence of the development of knowledge and skills related to the four teacher competencies. On the other hand, there is still a problem regarding the lack of systematic management of school performance programs that are not managed systematically and are not in accordance with the education calendar that has been formulated and established so that in daily implementation the school is always changing, disrupting the learning process that has been determined. To overcome these obstacles a place for teachers and principals is needed that aims to gather various new information and experiences in the industrial era 4.0. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Subject Teachers' Consultation and School Principal Working Groups simultaneously on Improving Teacher Performance in Kutai Kartanegara District. This type of research is a field research with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques in this study used a questionnaire and documentation. Data validity test uses validity test, normality test and classic assumption test. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression test. Based on the results of the study note that there is no simultaneous effect between the Subject Teachers' Deliberation Program and the Principal Working Group Conference on Improving Teacher Performance in Kutai Kartanegara District. The absence of this influence is due to the the Subject Teachers' Deliberation Program and School Principal Working Groups in Kutai Kartanegara Regency which are considered not working properly according to the planned program. Whereas on the other hand it is considered a lack of support from stakeholders in the area, in this case the government which oversees the Subject Teachers' Deliberation Program and School Principal Working Groups. So based on data between the Subject Teachers' Deliberation Program and School Principal Working Groups, they have not synergized well.
Implementasi Nilai-nilai Karakter Islam Berbasis Pembiasaan Siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Kota Batu
Authors: Rahim Abdan , Setiawan Agus
Published: February 2020

This research aims to uncover the implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu, with sub focus includes: (1) a form implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu. (2) any characters that are formed on a student through a habituation method in Islamic education at MTsN Batu. (3) evaluation the implementation of habituation method in Islamic Education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu. This study uses qualitative methods to do a descriptive approach. Checking the validity of the data is carried out by means of Triangulation and reference materials. While the principal Informant of this research is the head master of school, deputy head of student management, master of class, and other related parties in this research. The results of this research indicate that: a form implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu are: (1) Habituation of character, habituation in worship, and habituation in the annual event. (2) the resulting characters  of the students through habituation methods in Islamic education at MTsN Batu are: Culture religious, communicative/ amicable, care of environment, discipline, creative, the spirit of nationality, an avid reader, social care, and responsibility. (3) evaluation the implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu are: the ceremony on Monday, the assembly of the council of teachers (meeting), and through the book TATIBSI (the student code of conduct) with assessment scores and calculated each semester.
Eksistensi dan Dedikasi Ulama Perempuan Terhadap Pendidikan Islam di Nusantara
Authors: Helmiannoor Helmiannoor , Musyarapah Musyarapah
Published: February 2020

The term scholars, so far more dominant is associated with men. However, the fact that many female figures have been found in Islamic history, especially in Malay families. Therefore, the disclosure of women's economic side became a noteworthy study. The focus of the problem in this study was discussing the existence and dedication of female clerics on Islamic education in Malay family. This research is a type of literature research or called a library research. Data sources include books and research outcomes related to the role and gait of female scholars in the archipelago. While the data analysis technique uses content analysis technique. The results of this study concluded that public recognition of female scholars in the archipelago is still lacking. The dedication of female scholars to Islamic education can be seen in the form of providing enlightenment to the community, organizing a regular Taklim assembly, being the leader of educational institutions as well as the oganization of other Islamic, and devote All efforts, energy, and time for the development of Islamic education in the archipelago.
Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Kuntau Seni Beladiri Masyarakat Banjar Di Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Rabi'ah Rabi'ah
Published: February 2020

Character education is one of the national education programs that is always promoted for the younger generation, ranging from Basic Education to Higher Education. The government thinks character education is a solution to various problems, ranging from corruption, intolerance, to environmental problems such as garbage and floods. Various methods are used in order to grow these characters. The focus of this research is how character education is in accordance with the values of Islamic teachings through the Kuntao martial arts. Kuntao is a traditional martial art that has long been practiced by the Banjar people in South Kalimantan. This research is expected to provide a new treasure about the contribution of the traditional martial arts of the banjar community in Islamic education. The research method used is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The subjects of the study were the martial arts teacher, students, peers, and parents. Data analysis using miles and Huberman analysis. Data validity through source triangulation. The results of this study are that character education through martial arts has fulfilled the 3 pillars of character education in Islamic education namely morals, etiquette, and exemplary. Being obedient in carrying out the Islamic Shari'ah, respecting others, self-confidence, and humility are the characters that are formed through the teaching of martial arts in the Banjar community. In harmony with Islamic values that can not be separated from the role model of the teacher’s kuntao.
Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Pembelajaran Tahfidz Al-Qur’an Berbasis Metode Ummi Bagi Siswa SDIT Salsabilla Sleman
Authors: Fauzi Hafidh Nur , Waharjani Waharjani
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the steps of character education through the Al Qur`an SDIT Salsabila 8 Sleman tahfidz program, to identify the character values of Salsabila 8 Sleman SDIT students through the Al Quran tahfidz program, and to determine the evaluation of character education through the Al Quran tahfidz program. This study uses a qualitative descriptive study with data triagulation analysis techniques. To obtain information the researchers used interview, observation and documentation techniques with the subject of the teacher and the principal. Based on the results obtained: Steps in character education through learning the Koran tahfidz at SDIT Salsabila; 1) Preparing the teaching staff, 2) mapping the levels of students, 3) Grouping, 4) Making a schedule, 5) implementation. Implementation of character values that are applied through learning Tahfidz Al Qur'an at SDIT Salsabila 8 Sleman there are 18 characters, but there are 7 dominant character values that appear including: 1) Religion, 2) honest, 3) hard work, 4) fond of reading, 5) creative, 6) responsible, and 7) discipline. Evaluation of character learning through Al Quran tahfidz education at SDIT Salsabila 8 Sleman has been going well where students will be evaluated daily and at the end of the semester by examiners and controlled through achievement books.
Vacunación en México: coberturas imprecisas y deficiencia en el seguimiento de los niños que no completan el esquema
Authors: Hernández-Ávila Mauricio , Palacio-Mejía Lina Sofía , Hernández-Ávila Juan Eugenio , Charvel Sofía
Published: February 2020

Objetivo. Analizar la veracidad de las cifras oficiales de acuerdo con la información disponible e identificar opor­tunidades de mejora. Material y métodos. Estimamos las coberturas de vacunación y tasas de deserción (para las vacunas administradas en multidosis) del esquema básico para niños menores de un año de edad, con base en la in­formación de cubos dinámicos de la Secretaría de Salud de 2015 a 2017. Resultados. Observamos variaciones en los reportes mensuales de vacunación que indican bajas tasas de vacunación, así como índices altos de deserción al comparar primeras y terceras dosis aplicadas. La cobertura nacional de esquema completo se estimó en 48.9 por ciento. Conclu­sión. No se cuenta con información confiable que permita estimar las coberturas reales de vacunación. En los reportes oficiales hay una constante sobrestimación de las coberturas que ha creado a una “falsa sensación de seguridad”. Esto se ha constituido en una barrera que impide el análisis crítico del Programa Universal de Vacunación
Prostate cancer screening and socioeconomic disparities in Mexican older adults
Authors: Fernandez-Quilez Alvaro , Germán-Borda Miguel , Leonardo-Carreño Gabriel , Castellanos-Perilla Nicolás , Soennesyn Hogne , Oppedal Ketil , Reidar-Kjosavik Svein
Published: February 2020

[No disponible]
From South Belridge to West Hackberry - 40 Years of Progress in Air Injection
Authors: Fassihi M. R.
Published: February 2020

In discussing the results of the first field test of in-situ combustion in the U.S.,1 Ramey provided many new ideas on different schemes of operation for air injection.2 These ideas that have kept researchers busy for the next 40 years were:

Injection of fuel gas (to support combustion when fuel concentration is low), Use of recycled produced gas (to decrease compression costs), Oxygen enrichment (to lower the injection flux), Addition of catalyst (to reduce oxygen requirement), and Partial areal burning (to transfer the stored heat ahead of the front).

This paper addresses the advancements made in some of the above topics and in our understanding of this complicated process. Needless to say, Ramey and his students were at the forefront of these advancements in the past 40 years. In a recent literature search on in-situ combustion, out of about 450 publications in the last 28 years, Ramey contributed to at least 55 entries.
Modifications to Decline Curve Analysis
Authors: Mead Homer N.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 207, 1956, pages 11–16.

This report develops equations for decline curve analysis based upon the premise that the rate of change of the reciprocal of decline for succeeding time intervals is constant when the reservoir is produced under a fixed set of conditions. A method is shown for predicting maximum production rate against cumulative production for any reservoir. A method is also presented for predicting future production rate by an analysis of past production performance after decline has been established.

Introduction

No significant contribution to the analysis of decline curves by the loss-ratio method has been made since J.J. Arps paper. The concept of loss-ratio that was developed by Arps and his contemporaries has been redefined in another way and the concept of instantaneous loss-ratio at time zero has been added. In the mathematical development by Arps, production rate was related as a continuous function with time and his equations were developed on that basis. In this paper, production is considered to be a series of segments for equal time intervals and equations have been developed based upon these finite differences.

It is realized that decline curve analysis is not the answer to all predictions of reservoir behavior. However, as production must decline from an initial maximum rate to zero in any reservoir, if such decline can be expressed as an infinite series, this series should accurately predict production. Decline curve analysis should be considered a valuable tool that may be used in conjunction with predictions of future recoveries by other methods. Various uses of the decline curve method will be discussed in this paper. Equations predicting production rate at any time and cumulative production by exponential and hyperbolic decline will be developed. Characteristic values of b related to various types of drive will be discussed. After that a hypothetical reservoir will be studied and ultimate recovery by natural depletion and pressure maintenance compared, then actual field examples will be shown and discussed.
The Determination of the Water-Injection Program for the Delhi Field by Means of the Automatic Multi-Pool Analyzer
Authors: Patterson O.L. , Dutton Granville , Ellis H.E.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 73–79.

A large-scale water-injection program for the Holt Bryant reservoir of the Delhi field has been established by means of the new automatic multi-pool analyzer. The objectives of this program were to increase reservoir pressure and eliminate a cross-dip gradient of 200 psi. Pressure increases during the first 15 months of operation have allowed for increased oil production rates of 2,600 B/D or 25 per cent.

To determine the required water injection it was necessary to predict natural water influx rates. Elimination of the pressure gradients required the water-injection program to account for the fluid migration and pressure interaction between segments of the reservoir. An integral part of the analysis included the determination of in-place volumes of oil and gas.

The operation of the automatic multi-pool analyzer in determining the water-injection program is described. New features of the analyzer include an automatic material balance analog and a least-squares computer for determination of unknown reservoir properties. Operational procedures are sufficiently simple to allow direct use by reservoir engineers on a routine basis. The rapidity and accuracy with which problems may be solved permit repeated analyses as a check upon reservoir performance.

Introduction

This paper describes the use of a new analog computer in determining the optimum injection program for a complex reservoir.

The Holt-Bryant (Fig. 1) is the major reservoir in the Delhi field of Louisiana. Production is from the Tuscaloosa at subsea depths of 2,970 to 3,286 ft. The sand dips to the south and southwest from three to five degrees. The reservoir is approximately 12 miles long and varies in width from ½ to 2 miles. Various calculations have placed the initial volume of oil in-place in the wide range of 275 to 355 million STB. Two small gas caps were initially present in the reservoir.

The Holt-Bryant reservoir was discovered in Dec., 1944, and was fully developed with 188 producing wells by 1948. After development was completed, an east-west pressure gradient began to establish itself.
The Effect of Gas Composition Upon Oil Recovery by Gas Drive
Authors: Stone H.L. , Crump J.S.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 105–110.

Laboratory studies have indicated that displacement of oil from a reservoir by means of a condensing gas drive results in extremely high oil recovery, approaching 100 per cent under the most favorable circumstances. A condensing gas drive is defined as a gas drive in which the gas utilized is appreciably soluble in the oil it is displacing.

The laboratory studies consisted of a number of gas drive displacement experiments, all using a horizontal, sand-packed, steel tube as the laboratory reservoir. The experimental results indicate that the more soluble a gas is in the oil to be displaced, the more efficient that gas is as a displacing fluid. Experiments were conducted utilizing both a light, volatile crude and a heavy, asphalt crude as the in-place oil. In both cases, oil recovery was appreciably enhanced by solubility of the displacing gas.

It is believed that the use of condensing gas drives would result in increased oil recovery from many reservoirs during either primary or secondary phases of production.

Introduction

Since the early days of the oil industry there has been an increasing awareness of the problems of oil recovery. During the last few decades particularly a growing recognition of the problems has led to widespread attempts on the part of the industry to increase oil recovery by improved technology. One method which has been used to increase recovery is the maintenance of reservoir pressure by injection of gas. Part of the beneficial effect resulting from this gas injection was to prevent evolution of the gas dissolved in the reservoir oil, since such evolution would decrease the relative permeability to oil, and also would cause the oil to shrink and become more viscous, thereby adversely affecting oil recovery.
Determining Gravity Drainage Characteristics on the Centrifuge
Authors: Marx J.W.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 88–91.

A method is given for predicting the complete gravity drainage characteristics of arbitrarily long columns from centrifuge drainage measurements on reconstituted core samples. Oil residuals corresponding to hundreds of years of normal gravity depletion can be obtained in a few hours on the centrifuge. The gravity flow rate at any stage of the depletion process may be determined from the time correlation derived, arid experimentally checked, in this study.

Introduction

Apart from the original observations of Muskat et al, research publications on the subject of gravity drainage have been largely concerned with establishing in detail the saturation, S as a function of the height, z, in a draining column at any given time, t. Some form of numerical integration must be employed to obtain production rates and cumulative production even when S(z, t) is known. Furthermore, the relevant experimental work has been concentrated on drainage of a single wetting liquid from unconsolidated media. Since oil production usually concerns the drainage of a partially wetting liquid from consolidated media, in the presence of connate water, and since it is unlikely that sufficient information exists to establish S(z, t) in detail for any natural reservoir, the published research work appears to be, at best, only qualitatively applicable to production problems. With this in mind, the present study was undertaken by the writer. Experiments were planned whose results would have two advantages over existing measurements:Observations were to be made on specific reservoir rock, reconstituted with formation water and formation oil. This would reduce their generality, from the research viewpoint, but increase their utility for production purposes.The measurements were to be self-integrating, i.e., the phenomena were to be described and interpreted in terms of cumulative results.

Theoretical Development

It was commonly known that centrifuging a liquid bearing porous medium increases the drainage rates and minimizes capillary end effects. The specific problem lay in selecting an acceleration, a, such that the mean residual saturation of a model cylinder was equal to the residual saturation of an arbitrarily long prototype column when the latter was drained by earth gravity alone.
A Lightweight, Low Water-Loss, Oil-Emulsion Cement for Use in Oil Wells
Authors: Dumbauld G.K. , Brooks F.A. , Morgan B.E. , Binkley G.W.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 99–104.

In recent years, oil well cementing compositions have been developed with low densities, controlled set strengths, and satisfactory thickening times. With the introduction of the permanent-type well completion method for cementing wells, another property-that of rate of filtration or water loss to permeable formations has become important. Laboratory data show that cement slurries prepared with oil, water, bentonite, and calcium lignosulfonate possess satisfactory thickening times, strengths, and filtration properties for primary cementing of casing and for squeeze cementing with the permanent-type well completion technique.

Cementing compositions have been prepared with oil-in-water emulsions varying in composition from 60 cc water and 20 cc oil per 100 gm cement to 90 cc water and 45 cc oil per 100 gm cement. These compositions have contained from 004 to 5.0 per cent calcium lignosulfonate by weight of dry cement. Slurries prepared from these compositions weigh 1l.4 to 13.1 lb/gal and have filtration rates of from 10 cc to approximately 100 cc in 30-min API tests at room temperature. The unfiltered emulsion cements develop one-day tensile strengths of 60 to 220 psi; and the filtered mass sets to tensile strengths of 60 to 150 psi in 12 hours and develops strengths of 320 to 515 psi in seven days when cured at 125° F.

Field experience gained from 13 field mixing jobs demonstrates the utility of the emulsion cement for permanent-type squeeze cementing operations.

Introduction

In recent years, research in oil well cementing composition has been directed toward the development of cements having low densities, controlled set strengths, satisfactory thickening times, and low rates of water loss by filtration. Two well cementing compositions that have been developed with these properties are the modified cements containing, respectively, 12 and 25 per cent bentonite clay and various concentrations of calcium lignosulfonate.
The Breakthrough Sweep Efficiency of the Staggered Line Drive
Authors: Prats M.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 207, 1956, pages 361–362.

This paper presents a method for obtaining the correct values of the breakthrough sweep efficiency of the staggered line drive, taking into account the proper shape of the breakthrough streamline. Results obtained were different from those previously published, which were obtained by using an inexact shape of the breakthrough streamline.

INTRODUCTION

In Section 9.31 of Muskat's The Flow of Homogeneous Fluids Through Porous Media, it is stated that in a staggered line drive flood "the streamline of highest average velocity [is] the line of centers between input and output wells" (see Fig. 1). Muskat used this concept to determine the relationship between the breakthrough sweep efficiency and the geometry of the staggered line drive pattern.

Although it is clear from symmetry considerations that the breakthrough streamline passes through the midpoint between input and output wells, it is equally clear, as shown in Fig. 239 of Ref. 1, that the breakthrough streamline is not represented very well by the straight line joining the input and output wells.

Therefore, it is desirable to determine the proper relationship between the breakthrough sweep efficiency and the pattern geometry by using the proper shape of the breakthrough streamline.