bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outsourcing Swimming Education—Experiences and Challenges
Authors: Olstad Bjørn Harald , Berg Pernille Ravn , Kjendlie Per-Ludvik
Published: December 2020

In Norway, swimming and lifesaving education (swimming education) is an obligatory part of physical education, with explicit learning aims after grade four. After recent reports of Norwegian pupils achieving low scores in swimming abilities, the Government has outlined strategies for improving swimming education. There is a notable trend toward using external providers in delivering swimming education. This article examines the outsourcing of swimming education in Norwegian primary schools. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with school leaders, physical education teachers and swimming instructors involved in outsourcing arrangements. The outsourcing was organized through private providers, municipalities, or local swimming clubs. Data were analyzed thematically and separated into highlighted areas of outsourcing practices. The results showed that outsourcing may be a solution for schools that lack staff with swimming experience and knowledge. It also indicates that teacher courses, professional development through collaboration, and strategies for measuring quality would improve swimming education.
Measles and Rubella during COVID-19 Pandemic: Future Challenges in Japan
Authors: Shimizu Kazuki , Teshima Ayaka , Mase Hiromi
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted essential health services. Simultaneously, it has created opportunities for citizens to raise awareness of personal hygiene, mask wearing, and other preventive measures. This brief report aims to clarify the epidemiological trends of measles and rubella in Japan and to explore future challenges for controlling these diseases during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Although Japan eliminated measles in 2015, the number of measles patients has gradually increased since then, and reached 744 in 2019. In the 2010s, Japan experienced two large rubella epidemics, and the majority of the patients were reported in Tokyo and other metropolitan areas. While the transmission of measles and rubella seems to be suppressed during the COVID-19 pandemic, closing the gap in routine childhood vaccination will be challenging in any country. Moreover, supplementary immunization campaigns for adults have also been disrupted, and they must be invigorated. While the pandemic has a devastating effect on a global scale, it should be utilized as a good opportunity to regain faith in vaccines, implement an evidence-based vaccination policy, and strengthen international cooperation.
Effect of Breast Cancer Treatment on Dietary Vitamin Intake Levels
Authors: Morales-Suárez-Varela María , Ruiz Simon Amparo , Blanch Tormo Salvador , Pastor Climente Ismael , Redondo Bautista Maximino , Peraita-Costa Isabel , Llopis-Morales Agustin , Llopis-Gonzalez Agustin
Published: December 2020

Breast cancer is the most common tumor among women, representing the second cause of cancer deaths in women. Treatment with chemotherapy negatively interferes with nutritional status. The intake of vitamins before, during and after treatment in a pilot cohort of women with non-invasive breast cancer (type I, II) treated at the Valencian Institute of Oncology (IVO) is evaluated. A 3-day anthropometric and nutritional assessment was performed using the DIAL program. Nutritional intake is compared with the values of Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). There is an overall decrease in vitamin intake during treatment which worsens at the end of said treatment. The decrease is significant in the case of vitamins B2 (p = 0.006), B3 (p = 0.042), B5 (p = 0.001), and B8 (p = 0.021). The relative risk during and after treatment increases with respect to the reference timeframe, before treatment. Deficit risks are statistically significant in the case of vitamins B5 (p = 0.001), B8 (p = 0.001) and B12 (p = 0.001). Decreased vitamin intake during treatment suggests a negative change in the patients’ dietary behaviors during this time. Nutritional intervention and support may be beneficial to optimize overall dietary intake and maintain compliance with EAR and DRI for patients during a time in which adequate nutrition is important.
A Rasch Analysis of the School-Related Well-Being (SRW) Scale: Measuring Well-Being in the Transition from Primary to Secondary School
Authors: Raccanello Daniela , Vicentini Giada , Trifiletti Elena , Burro Roberto
Published: December 2020

Within educational systems, promoting well-being is an essential objective along with traditional aims focused on students’ learning. However, scarce attention has been devoted to school-related well-being in the transition from primary to lower secondary school, also for the paucity of brief instruments deputed to measure it. We assessed well-being at school for fourth-graders and seventh-graders, by adapting and validating the Italian version of the School-Related Well-Being (SRW) scale, using in sequence exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Rasch analysis. Through the Rasch analysis, we transformed the SRW scale into an instrument that respects the properties of the fundamental measurement. We measured well-being and achievement emotions at time 1 and grades at time 2. The SRW scale correlated with another measure of well-being and with students’ achievement emotions. Grade-level differences emerged, with a decrease of well-being that attested a maladaptive trend at increasing age; moreover, females reported higher well-being than males. Well-being at school was positively linked to achievement. Beyond its methodological relevance, this study highlights the need for developing interventions to support students in the transition from primary to lower secondary school, which is such a pivotal time in their learning path.
Running to Stand Still: Naive CD8+ T Cells Actively Maintain a Program of Quiescence
Authors: Bennett Taylah J. , Udupa Vibha A. V. , Turner Stephen J.
Published: December 2020

CD8+ T cells play a pivotal role in clearing intracellular pathogens and combatting tumours. Upon infection, naïve CD8+ T cells differentiate into effector and memory cells, and this program is underscored by large-scale and coordinated changes in the chromatin architecture and gene expression. Importantly, recent evidence demonstrates that the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the capacity for rapid effector function of memory T cells are shared by innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells. Thus, it appears that the crucial difference between innate and adaptive immunity is the presence of the naïve state. This important distinction raises an intriguing new hypothesis, that the naïve state was evolutionary installed to restrain a default program of effector and memory differentiation in response to antigen recognition. We argue that the hallmark of adaptive T immunity is therefore the naïve program, which actively maintains CD8+ T cell quiescence until receipt of appropriate activation signals. In this review, we examine the mechanistic control of naïve CD8+ T cell quiescence and summarise the multiple levels of restraint imposed in naïve cells in to limit spontaneous and inappropriate activation. This includes epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factor (TF) regulation of gene expression, in addition to novel inhibitory receptors, abundance of RNA, and protein degradation.
Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor-Dependent Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule Activation Promotes Peritoneal Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kitami Kazuhisa , Yoshihara Masato , Koya Yoshihiro , Sugiyama Mai , Iyoshi Shohei , Uno Kaname , Mogi Kazumasa , Tano Sho , Fujimoto Hiroki , Nawa Akihiro , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Kajiyama Hiroaki
Published: December 2020

Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of death due to its high metastasis rate to the peritoneum. Recurrent peritoneal tumors also develop despite the use of conventional platinum-based chemotherapies. Therefore, it is still important to explore the factors associated with peritoneal metastasis, as these predict the prognosis of patients with OvCa. In this study, we investigated the function of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which contributes to the development of melanoma, in epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa). High MITF expression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in OvCa. Notably, MITF contributed to the motility and invasion of OvCa cells, and specifically with their peri-mesothelial migration. In addition, MITF-positive cells expressed the melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM/CD146), which was initially identified as a marker of melanoma progression and metastasis, and MCAM expression was regulated by MITF. MCAM was also identified as a significant prognostic factor for poor progression-free survival in patients with OvCa. Collectively, our results suggest that MITF is a novel therapeutic target that potentially promotes peritoneal metastasis of OvCa.
The Effect of Chronic Mild Stress and Escitalopram on the Expression and Methylation Levels of Genes Involved in the Oxidative and Nitrosative Stresses as Well as Tryptophan Catabolites Pathway in the Blood and Brain Structures
Authors: Wigner Paulina , Synowiec Ewelina , Jóźwiak Paweł , Czarny Piotr , Bijak Michał , Białek Katarzyna , Szemraj Janusz , Gruca Piotr , Papp Mariusz , Śliwiński Tomasz
Published: December 2020

Previous studies suggest that depression may be associated with reactive oxygen species overproduction and disorders of the tryptophan catabolites pathway. Moreover, one-third of patients do not respond to conventional pharmacotherapy. Therefore, the study investigates the molecular effect of escitalopram on the expression of Cat, Gpx1/4, Nos1/2, Tph1/2, Ido1, Kmo, and Kynu and promoter methylation in the hippocampus, amygdala, cerebral cortex, and blood of rats exposed to CMS (chronic mild stress). The animals were exposed to CMS for two or seven weeks followed by escitalopram treatment for five weeks. The mRNA and protein expression of the genes were analysed using the TaqMan Gene Expression Assay and Western blotting, while the methylation was determined using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting. The CMS caused an increase of Gpx1 and Nos1 mRNA expression in the hippocampus, which was normalised by escitalopram administration. Moreover, Tph1 and Tph2 mRNA expression in the cerebral cortex was increased in stressed rats after escitalopram therapy. The methylation status of the Cat promoter was decreased in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the rats after escitalopram therapy. The Gpx4 protein levels were decreased following escitalopram compared to the stressed/saline group. It appears that CMS and escitalopram influence the expression and methylation of the studied genes.
Effective Elimination and Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Seawater through the Formation of Magnetic Microfibres
Authors: Gutiérrez M. Susana , León Alberto J. , Duel Paulino , Bosch Rafael , Piña M. Nieves , Morey Jeroni
Published: December 2020

Supramolecular aggregates formed between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and either naphthalene or perylene-derived diimides have been anchored in magnetite magnetic nanoparticles. The high affinity and stability of these aggregates allow them to capture and confine these extremely carcinogenic contaminants in a reduced space. In some cases, the high cohesion of these aggregates leads to the formation of magnetic microfibres of several microns in length, which can be isolated from the solution by the direct action of a magnet. Here we show a practical application of bioremediation aimed at the environmental decontamination of naphthalene, a very profuse contaminant, based on the uptake, sequestration, and acceleration of the biodegradation of the formed supramolecular aggregate, by the direct action of a bacterium of the lineage Roseobacter (biocompatible with nanostructured receptors and very widespread in marine environments) without providing more toxicity to the environment.
Effects of the Processing Parameters of Friction Stir Processing on the Microstructure, Hardness and Tribological Properties of SnSbCu Bearing Alloy
Authors: Leszczyńska-Madej Beata , Madej Marcin , Hrabia-Wiśnios Joanna , Węglowska Aleksandra
Published: December 2020

In the study, the friction stir processing (FSP) method was used to modify the surface layer of a tin-based bearing alloy. The modification was aimed at extending the service life of bearings by improving their tribological properties. The results of investigations of the microstructure, hardness and tribological properties of the SnSbCu bearing alloy after FSP using various rotational speeds of the tool—280, 355, 450 and 560 RPM—and the constant traverse speed of 355 mm/min are presented. Particular attention was paid to the possibility of changing the morphology of the precipitates present in the alloy, and to the impact of this parameter on improvement of the tribological properties. The research carried out in this paper covered investigations of the microstructure using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with analysis of the chemical composition in micro-areas and Brinell hardness tests. Additionally, the sizes of the SnSb and CuSn precipitates present in the microstructure before and after the modification process were determined, as were the tribological properties under technically dry friction conditions and lubrication with TU 32 oil. It was proven that using friction stir processing favors refinement of the microstructure and improves the tribological properties of the analyzed alloy.
A Brief Overview on Preparation of Self-Healing Polymers and Coatings via Hydrogen Bonding Interactions
Authors: Gadwal Ikhlas
Published: December 2020

Self-healing coatings or materials have received significant importance in paint, coating, and other industries, as well as in academia, because of their capability to extend materials service life, improving protection, and ensuring sustainability. This review article emphasizes significant advances accomplished in the preparation and properties of intrinsic self-healing materials exclusively based on hydrogen bonding interactions, with possible applications in coatings and adhesives. The main topic of discussion in this review article is the preparation, healing conditions, healing efficiency, and mechanical property recovery after healing. The last part of the review discusses the conclusions and outlook of self-healing materials.
Nuclear Medicine in Times of COVID-19: How Radiopharmaceuticals Could Help to Fight the Current and Future Pandemics
Authors: Neumaier Felix , Zlatopolskiy Boris D. , Neumaier Bernd
Published: December 2020

The emergence and global spread of COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a continuing pandemic threat to global health. Nuclear medicine techniques can be used for functional imaging of (patho)physiological processes at the cellular or molecular level and for treatment approaches based on targeted delivery of therapeutic radionuclides. Ongoing development of radiolabeling methods has significantly improved the accessibility of radiopharmaceuticals for in vivo molecular imaging or targeted radionuclide therapy, but their use for biosafety threats such as SARS-CoV-2 is restricted by the contagious nature of these agents. Here, we highlight several potential uses of nuclear medicine in the context of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, many of which could also be performed in laboratories without dedicated containment measures. In addition, we provide a broad overview of experimental or repurposed SARS-CoV-2-targeting drugs and describe how radiolabeled analogs of these compounds could facilitate antiviral drug development and translation to the clinic, reduce the incidence of late-stage failures and possibly provide the basis for radionuclide-based treatment strategies. Based on the continuing threat by emerging coronaviruses and other pathogens, it is anticipated that these applications of nuclear medicine will become a more important part of future antiviral drug development and treatment.
Calcined Co(II)-Triethylenetetramine, Co(II)- Polyaniline-Thiourea as the Cathode Catalyst of Proton Exchanged Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Huang Wen-Yao , Jheng Li-Cheng , Hsieh Tar-Hwa , Ho Ko-Shan , Wang Yen-Zen , Gao Yi-Jhun , Tseng Po-Hao
Published: December 2020

Triethylenetetramine (TETA) and thiourea complexed Cobalt(II) (Co(II)) ions are used as cathode catalysts for proton exchanged membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under the protection of polyaniline (PANI) which can become a conducting medium after calcination. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra clearly reveal the presence of typical carbon nitride and sulfide bonds of the calcined Nitrogen (N)- or Sulfur (S)-doped co-catalysts. Clear (002) and (100) planes of carbon-related X-ray diffraction patterns are found for co-catalysts after calcination, related to the formation of a conducting medium after the calcination of PANI. An increasing intensity ratio of the D to G band of the Raman spectra reveal the doping of N and S elements. More porous surfaces of co-catalysts are found in scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) micropictures when prepared in the presence of both TETA and thiourea (CoNxSyC). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves show the highest reducing current to be 4 mAcm−2 at 1600 rpm for CoNxSyC, indicating the necessity for both N- and S-doping. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) prepared with the cathode made of CoNxSyC produces the highest maximum power density, close to 180 mW cm−2.
A Filtering Algorithm of MEMS Gyroscope to Resist Acoustic Interference
Authors: Sun Yufei , Guo Peng , Feng Lihui , Xing Chaoyang , Wu Junjie
Published: December 2020

To reduce the impact of acoustic interference in a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope and to improve the reliability of output data, a filtering algorithm based on orthogonal demodulation is proposed. According to the working principle and failure mechanism of a MEMS gyroscope, the sound and angular velocity frequencies are not identical, which lead to a different frequency signal output of the original single-channel demodulation scheme. Therefore, a Q channel demodulation filtering process was added to the origin single-channel demodulation scheme. For the Q channel demodulated signal, a Hilbert transform was used to compensate for the 90 degree phase shift. The IQ dual-channel difference can remove the acoustic interference signal. The simulation results indicate that the scheme can effectively suppress the acoustic interference signal and it can eliminate more than 95% of the impact of sound waves. We assembled the acoustic interference experimental platform, collected the driving and sensing data, and verified the denoising performance with our algorithm, which eliminated more than 70% of the noise signal. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the scheme can eliminate acoustic interference signal without destroying angular velocity signal.
Sensorised Low-Cost Pencils for Developing Countries: A Quantitative Analysis of Handwriting Learning Progress in Children with/without Disabilities from a Sustainable Perspective
Authors: Serpa-Andrade Luis Javier , Pazos-Arias José Juan , López-Nores Martín , Robles-Bykbaev Vladimir Espartaco
Published: December 2020

Learning to write is a demanding endeavour that requires a combination of linguistic, motor and cognitive skills. Some children suffer from delay or inability to acquire those skills, which often hampers their performance at school and brings about serious consequences for self-esteem, personal expectations and social relationships. The situation worsens in developing countries, due to the lack of resources and specialised personnel. With this background, this paper describes an experiment with a newly-developed sensorised pencil with triangular prism shape, which is shown to yield substantial improvements in children with/without special education needs. A team of experts in the areas of speech therapy, occupational therapy, educational psychology, physiotherapy and pedagogy have expressed very positive opinions about the sensorised pencil and the accompanying software for the acquisition and analysis of quantitative data about handwriting. Furthermore, the device stands out for its low cost in comparison with similar developments, which is a key factor to aid children from low-income families. This fact is explained with a success story of manufacturing and delivering sensorised pencils in the Ecuadorian province of Azuay, framed in a multi-layer sustainable development perspective based on collaboration of several institutions and individuals.
Correction: Cohl, H.S.; Costas-Santos, R.S.; Ge, L. Terminating Basic Hypergeometric Representations and Transformations for the Askey–Wilson Polynomials Symmetry 2020, 12, 1290
Authors: Cohl Howard S. , Costas-Santos Roberto S. , Ge Linus
Published: December 2020

The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [...]
An Overview of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the Environment: Source, Fate, Risk and Regulations
Authors: Abunada Ziyad , Alazaiza Motasem Y. D. , Bashir Mohammed J. K.
Published: December 2020

The current article reviews the state of art of the perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) compounds and provides an overview of PFASs occurrence in the environment, wildlife, and humans. This study reviews the issues concerning PFASs exposure and potential risks generated with a focus on PFAS occurrence and transformation in various media, discusses their physicochemical characterization and treatment technologies, before discussing the potential human exposure routes. The various toxicological impacts to human health are also discussed. The article pays particular attention to the complexity and challenging issue of regulating PFAS compounds due to the arising uncertainty and lack of epidemiological evidence encountered. The variation in PFAS regulatory values across the globe can be easily addressed due to the influence of multiple scientific, technical, and social factors. The varied toxicology and the insufficient definition of PFAS exposure rate are among the main factors contributing to this discrepancy. The lack of proven standard approaches for examining PFAS in surface water, groundwater, wastewater, or solids adds more technical complexity. Although it is agreed that PFASs pose potential health risks in various media, the link between the extent of PFAS exposure and the significance of PFAS risk remain among the evolving research areas. There is a growing need to address the correlation between the frequency and the likelihood of human exposure to PFAS and the possible health risks encountered. Although USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) recommends the 70 ng/L lifetime health advisory in drinking water for both perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFO) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which is similar to the Australian regulations, the German Ministry of Health proposed a health-based guidance of maximum of 300 ng/L for the combination of PFOA and PFOS. Moreover, there are significant discrepancies among the US states where the water guideline levels for the different states ranged from 13 to 1000 ng L−1 for PFOA and/or PFOS. The current review highlighted the significance of the future research required to fill in the knowledge gap in PFAS toxicology and to better understand this through real field data and long-term monitoring programs.
Revisiting Soil Aquifer Treatment: Improving Biodegradation and Filtration Efficiency Using a Highly Porous Material
Authors: Brooks Joshua , Weisbrod Noam , Bar-Zeev Edo
Published: December 2020

Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is an established and sustainable wastewater treatment approach for water reuse that has been gaining increased attention in various countries around the world. Increasing volumes of domestic wastewater and escalating real estate prices around urban areas emphasize the urgent need to maximize the treatment efficiency by revisiting the SAT setup. In this study, a novel approach was examined to increase biodegradation rates and improve the quality of SAT topsoil effluent. Experiments with midscale, custom-made columns were carried out with sand collected from an operational SAT and a highly permeable natural material with high internal porosity, tuff, which was maturated (i.e., buried in the SAT infiltration basin) for 3 months. The filtration efficiency, biodegradation rates of organic material, microbial diversity, and outflow quality were compared between the operational SAT sand and the tuff using state-of-the-art approaches. The results of this study indicate that biodegradation rates (9.2 µg C g−1d−1) and filtration efficiency were up to 2.5-fold higher within the tuff than the SAT sand. Furthermore, the biofilm community was markedly different between the two media, giving additional insights into the bacterial phyla responsible for biodegradation. The results highlight the advantage of using highly porous material to enhance the SAT filtration efficiency without extending the topsoil volume. Hence, infusing a permeable medium, comprising highly porous material, into the SAT topsoil could offer a simple approach to upgrade an already advantageous SAT in both developed and developing countries.
Pyrrhonian language
Authors: Lozano-Vásquez Andrea
Published: December 2020

This article characterises how the Pyrrhonian Sceptic uses language to test if such use is susceptible to Dogmatic criticisms, especially from a Stoic perspective. It will examine two characterisations of that use. The first one, reported by Diogenes Laertius in his Lives of Eminent Philosophers 9.71-78, will be discussed as a logical use of human language broader than a philosophical one. The second characterisation depends on the discourse chosen by Timon of Phlius in his Silloi. In this work, the Epic catalogue shows itself as a powerful mechanism; it allows to report, to make history about philosophy itself and to offer an account of Pyrrho’s place in it without postulating substantive theses. This literary use and the previous philosophical one constitute the particular uses of Pyrrhonian language.
Espaços vivos de leitura e de saber
Authors: Costa Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales
Published: December 2020

Espaços vivos de leitura e de saber
Estimation of Constant Speed Time for Railway Vehicles by Stochastic Gradient Descent Algorithm
Authors: AKÇAY Mehmet Taciddin
Published: December 2020

While the investments in rail transportation systems continue without slowing down, various optimization issues come to the fore in order for the systems to work more efficiently. One of the most important of these issues is the optimization of the vehicle speed profile. Improvement in vehicle speed profile increases efficiency in operating traffic. Vehicle speed profile varies depending on the electrical-characteristic features of the vehicle, the distance between the stations and the line geometry. The vehicle's speed profile consists of several parts, such as acceleration, constant speed travel and braking zones. The constant speed in the constant velocity zone refers to the max operating speed, which is recommended for operation in the restricted area and remains within the limits. This part is critical in creating the speed profile of the vehicle. In this study, the estimation of the value of the constant speed time in the speed profile of the vehicles used in the city metro systems was made by using the Stochastic Gradient Descent method, which is one of the machine learning methods, and compared with various well-known methods. Coefficient of determination (R2) values were calculated as 0.9955 and 0.9951, respectively, with random sampling hold out and cross validation methods.
Testing Minsky’s Financial Fragility Hypothesis for Turkey’s Public Finances
Authors: Can Cansin Kemal , Canöz Ismail
Published: December 2020

This paper gauges the degree of fiscal vulnerability in Turkey from a Minskian perspective. Succinctly speaking, Minsky’s financial stability hypothesis states that the government should apply hedge financing at least sporadically and pursue countercyclical fiscal policies to restore stability. We calculated two fiscal fragility indices based on Minsky’s hypothesis to examine the recent trends in Turkish public finances. According to our findings, Turkish fiscal balances are in a deteriorating trend and heading towards (ultra)Ponzi financing which is evidenced by the plummeting values of the fiscal fragility index. The results are suggestive that currently the fiscal performance in Turkey is waning gradually and current fiscal posture is not on a par with past years. Worsening fiscal balances emit a signal for a looming fiscal crisis and it is evident that this trend should promptly be reversed by the aid of appropriate expedients. Quitting the use of procyclical fiscal policies, building up public confidence by primary balance generation, implementing full-fledged tax reform, restructuring contingent liabilities, proper scrutiny of expenditures, reducing profligacy are among the policy options available for the government. Notwithstanding the abundance of alternative fiscal policies, the current Covid-19 pandemic is quite a hindrance to attaining intended outcomes regarding fiscal stability.
Generasi Milenial sebagai Pengguna Fintech: Dampaknya terhadap Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan di Indonesia
Authors: Damayanti Sylviana Maya , Zakarias Rizaldi
Published: December 2020

Literasi Keuangan dan Inklusi Keuangan menjadi dua hal yang sangat penting sejak Presiden Republik Indonesia periode 2004-20014 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono bersama dengan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) meresmikan Blue Print “Strategi Nasional Literasi Keuangan Indonesia” pada tahun 2013. Berdasarkan survei yang dilakukan oleh OJK, indeks literasi keuangan dan inklusi keuangan masyarakat Indonesia pada tahun 2013 sebesar 21,84% dan 59,74%. Indeks ini meningkat saat dilakukan survei tahun 2016, yaitu sebesar 29,7% dan 67,8% dan kembali naik pada tahun 2019, sebesar 38,03% dan 76,19%. Presiden Joko Widodo-pun menargetkan inklusi keuangan di Indonesia bisa mencapai 90 persen pada tahun 2024 mendatang. Fintech atau teknologi finansial di Indonesia mulai berkembang sejak tahun 2006 sebesar 7% dan meningkat signifikan menjadi 78% di tahun 2017. Hal ini yang mendasari peneliti untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari fintech terhadap literasi keuangan dan inklusi keuangan pada generasi milenial. Penelitian ini menggunakan simple weigth method yang dikembangkan oleh Sarma (2008). Dari 300 responden, indeks literasi keuangan berada di angka 65,31% dan inklusi keuangan menunjukkan angka 64,19%. Berdasarkan hasil regresi, aktivitas fintech seperti transaksional maupun keuangan informasional tidak memengaruhi literasi keuangan. Namun, masuknya tiga variabel demografi yang terkait dengan penggunaan teknologi keuangan menunjukkan bahwa usia dan jenis kelamin mempengaruhi literasi keuangan. Sedangkan aktivitas fintech berupa transaksional dan informatif, serta literasi keuangan mempengaruhi inklusi keuangan. Namun tidak halnya dengan tiga variabel demografis (usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan).
MARKETING STRATEGY EVALUATION OF MRT JAKARTA'S MOBILE APPLICATION USING MARKETING 4.0 CONCEPT
Authors: Sugiyanto Gideon Satria Putra , Wicaksono Agung
Published: December 2020

A mobile application has become a vital tool to provide better service and build relationships with customers in the digital age. MRT Jakarta responded to the trend by launching MRT-J mobile application. A study to evaluate the effectiveness of marketing strategy for MRT-J involving 205 respondents of questionnaires was developed following the Five As Framework from Marketing 4.0 concept (Kotler, Kartajaya, and Setiawan, 2017). The result revealed that MRT-J has a superlative affinity. However, the Company needs to improve the attraction, curiosity, and commitment level. According to the industry archetype, the evaluation of brand productivity metrics reported that MRT-J mobile application has a Trumpet pattern. A combination of conventional (offline) and digital (online) marketing is suggested to increase the number of downloads by improving the stage of Aware, Appeal, Ask, and Act.
Institutional component of the mechanism of countering the shadowing of the national economy
Authors: Zolkover Andrii
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The level of shadowing of the economy in Ukraine remains one of the highest in the world and is a threat to its economic security and macroeconomic stability, investment attractiveness, etc. The dynamics of change in the main indicators of the functioning of the shadow economy indicates a low level of effectiveness of existing mechanisms to prevent the implementation of shadow operations. The existing institutional component of this mechanism does not fully form the preconditions for reducing the share of the shadow sector of the economy and therefore does not encourage businesses to withdraw their funds from the shadows. The high level of corruption and bureaucracy in the country has a negative impact on the efficiency of economic entities and thus creates the preconditions for the revision of existing instruments of state regulation of the economy.
Purpose. Research of efficiency of functioning of separate institutional components of the mechanism of counteraction to shadowing of national economy and definition of the most priority measures of prevention of the state by shadow schemes of withdrawal of incomes.
Results. The results of the study identified the main reasons for the high level of shadowing of the national economy, threats, and barriers to counteracting the participation of economic entities in the shadow schemes of capital withdrawal. The analysis of the main vectors of state influence on economic entities is carried out. Their efficiency has been evaluated. It is established that Ukraine occupies one of the last places in the world in the vast majority of indicators. Analysis of individual components of the indicator of ease of doing business in Ukraine showed a significant duration of procedures for reporting and payment of taxes, processing of documents for export/import, a significant cost of processing documents for export/import. The results of the study showed that one of the components that have a significant impact on economic entities is the high level of corruption in the country, low efficiency of corruption control procedures, low efficiency of government, etc. The necessity of development and application of a set of measures aimed at improving the quality of the institutional component of the mechanism of de-shadowing of the economy is proved.
High-current recessed gate enhancement-mode ultrawide bandgap Al
x
Ga1−x
N channel MOSHFET with drain current 0.48 A mm−1 and threshold voltage +3.6 V
Authors: Mollah Shahab , Hussain Kamal , Mamun Abdullah , Gaevski Mikhail , Simin Grigory , Chandrashekhar MVS , Khan Asif
Published: December 2020

We report a recessed-gate enhancement-mode Al2O3-ZrO2/Al0.6Ga0.4N/Al0.4Ga0.6N metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistor (MOSHFET) with drain current as high as 0.48 A mm−1 at a gate-source voltage of +12 V. This was enabled by a pseudomorphic HFET structure with graded back barrier for strain management and to screen the growth interface from the channel. The device exhibited a threshold-voltage (V
TH) of 2.75 ± 0.57 V with absolute maximum V
TH = 3.6 V, a +12.2 V shift from that for a depletion-mode MOSHFET fabricated on the same wafer. A 3-terminal breakdown voltage of 700 V was measured in the off-state, showing the viability of E-mode UWBG AlGaN for power electronics.
Depresión en estudiantes de la Carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Privada María Serrana de la ciudad de Asunción, 2019
Authors: Rosendo da Silva María Hortencia , Costa Ruth de Nazaré da Conceicao , Araújo Dallabrida Vitória Catarina
Published: December 2020

Los estudiantes del área de la salud tienen un exceso de trabajo que puede ser factor que se relacione con síntomas de depresión y daño físico. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la presencia de depresión y malestares físicos y hábitos de salud en hombres y mujeres estudiantes de la carrera de medicina. La muestra estuvo integrada por n=150 alumnos de la Universidad Privada María Serrana de la ciudad de Asunción. Se empleó el Inventario de Depresión de Beck y se diseñó una escala tipo Likert para evaluar los aspectos de interés. En los resultados no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre géneros para ambas variables. Los porcentajes revelaron que la mayoría de los participantes no presentó depresión. Sin embargo, hubo daño en su bienestar físico. Se sugiere incluir en las universidades programas de afrontamiento del estrés para los alumnos.
Exploring the development of medical tourism industry in Southeast Asia region
Authors: Chandran Suseela Devi , Puteh Fadilah , Azmi Nur Alia , Mohd Suki Norazah
Published: December 2020

Medical tourism is a global phenomenon in many parts of the world. It features an activity where individuals travel from home country to the host country to seek or receive medical healthcare. Being the third largest sector, medical tourism has a significant contribution towards economic development in the Southeast Asia (SEA) region. However, the literature review depicts a scarcity of research on niche areas among the top player in this region. This study aims to explore the development of the medical tourism industry in the SEA region. An in-depth interview with stakeholders and private hospitals were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis coupled with document analysis from various secondary data. Four SEA regions were chosen namely Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Singapore which offer specific niche markets to promote the medical tourism industry. Interestingly, these countries are complementing and not competing with each other in the same industry. This study is vital in enriching the literature in the field of medical tourism in showcasing the niche market of medical tourism in the SEA region. This study also contributes greatly to comparative analysis between these countries in the medical tourism sector.
LOOK BETTER, FEEL BETTER, BREATH BETTER: A CASE SERIES
Authors: J Aravind R. , Thangavelu Kavin , Ramesh Narendran , S.P IndraKumar , J Anantha Laxmi , A Priyanka
Published: December 2020

Nasal trauma plays a major role in craniofacial trauma as nose is the prominent part of face. Though nasal injury is ignored at times but it is noticeable as it is aesthetically, functionally and structurally concerned. This article discusses about the nasal septum fracture in relation to mode of nasal injury, patient’s compliance, treatment procedure and post-operative complication. along taking in account with the patients local, systemic and economical consideration.
IL-6: THE CHOIRMASTER ORCHESTRATING THE COVID-19 CYTOKINE STORMSYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Menrai Devika , Sane Kavita , Kadam Swapnali
Published: December 2020

Background: Millions of people have died of acute lung injury, in the current global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. An effective treatment regimen is yet to be established and will require an understanding of the intricate details of the disease pathophysiology. The death of patients is primarily attributed to the cytokine storm resulting from excessive activation of immune system, with a predominant role of IL-6. There is a divergence between its role in mild/moderate group and severe group. The need for a comprehensive understanding of IL-6 involvement in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is imperative to control its spread and find its treatment.
Methods: This systematic review was written after conducting a systematic search from 4 June, 2020 to 17 June 2020 in the PubMed database using the keywords Coronavirus COVID-19, IL-6, pathophysiology, and cytokine storm. Only articles written in English and those regarding the role of IL-6 in COVID-19 pathophysiology and correlating levels of IL-6 with severity of disease were included.
Findings: The abstracts of 74 articles were screened, of which 23 full text articles were read and 6 articles were included in the review.
Interpretation: IL-6 is one of the earliest indicators of the prognosis of COVID-19. It acts by classic signaling pathway in mild/moderate patients eliciting an anti-inflammatory response, and in severe patients, by trans-signaling pathway by which it elaborates a cytokine storm. Dysregulation in IL-6 regulating enzymes and NF-kB gene translation too play a role in the cytokine storm.
Funding: None.
Il voto per la Camera dei deputati negli otto Comuni dell’Isola d’Elba dal 1946 al 2008
Authors: Conforti Giovanni
Published: December 2020

Economia, società e politica nell'Isola d'Elba

2 giugno 1946: inizio del predominio della DC

Le elezioni dal 1948 al 1958: nella crisi di agricoltura ed industria l'arrivo del turismo

1963-1976: nel perdurante predominio della DC la crescita del PCI

1979-1992: nel tramonto della Prima Repubblica il declino della DC e del PCI

Le elezioni della transizione (1994-2008): il netto prevalere del centro-destra

Polarizzazione del voto ed egemonia moderata nella storia elettorale dell'Isola d'Elba
MORE ENABLING APPROACH: A CHALLENGE FOR THE PRACTITIONERS- A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Aamir Khan Amna , Imran Farooqui Sumaira
Published: December 2020

The multidisciplinary teams of today are working in-collaboration and as one unit to assess, set goals, evaluate and provide reliable
interventions to the patients/client. The essence of conceptual framework of ICF provides an opportunity to achieve the common
goals of activity limitation and participation restriction by adapting a holistic model of rehabilitation encompassing the psychological,
physical and the emotional needs with the advent of new techniques and modernized technologies.
The new enabling approach is challenge faced by the health care providers where patient preferences, empowerment and health
related quality of life are most essential. The review will provide a critical analysis on the barriers faced by the practitioner especially
during clinical decision making. Psychosocial perspectives of the client that is the most ignored area is also emphasized in the review
and also motivational aspects of the patients in promoting the evidence based practice and clinical decision making and
ultimately focusing on the enablement of the disabled.

KEYWORDS
Enabling Approach, Evidence Based Practice, HRQoL, Clinical Decision
Making, Psychological, Disability, Activity Limitation, Participation
Restriction
Theoretical foundations of the center-periphery interactions determination in the conditions of socio-economic differentiation of regional development
Authors: Patytska Khrystyna
Published: December 2020

Lowering the level of spatial socio-economic disparities of territorial development and ensuring the high living standards for population and business environment development are the main key tasks in terms of reforming the administrative and territorial regulation and financial decentralization in Ukraine. This raises the issue of the center and periphery interactions among the dominant ones in the conditions of the socio-economic space development of the country and requires delineation of the influence zones of the centers and activating features of adaptive and stimulating roles, which they perform as "growth poles" and innovative shifts generators in territorial development. The methodological apparatus of the research consists of the general scientific methods for the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of the central and peripheral interactions in the region and the system approach for identification of social benefits of conceptual priorities in the center and periphery interactions in conditions of administrative and financial decentralization. The scientific approaches to the definition of categories "center-periphery" are investigated. The need to outline the dual nature of center-periphery interactions as a phenomenon is emphasized. The comparative characteristics of the center, the semi-periphery, and the periphery are presented. The essence of the center-peripheral interactions in the region is defined as a process of direct or indirect mutual influence of the center and the periphery in the conditions of spatial inequality and socio-economic differentiation of regional development. The classification of the center-periphery interactions in the territorial dimension is proposed. Further research suggests focusing on the substantiation of theoretical and methodological foundations of center and periphery interactions and levels of such interaction in the region in terms of administrative and financial decentralization.
Szyby Afryki
Authors: Szerszeń Tomasz
Published: December 2020

"Appunti per una Orestiada Africana" Piera Paola Pasoliniego to palimpsestowy filmowy esej lokujący się na styku kina zaangażowanego i filmowego autoportretu, postkolonialnej panoramy i reinterpretacji mitologii. Artykuł jest próbą analizy filmu, w której punktem wyjścia jest jego pierwsze ujęcie, pokazujące reżysera odbijającego się w szybie jednego z afrykańskich sklepów. Jakie jest znaczenie tego motywu w postkolonialnym kontekście?
Сибирь и сибиряки в мемуарах декабристов
Authors: Сологуб Никита Сергеевич
Published: December 2020

На основе обширного мемуарного наследия ссыльных декабристов автор анализирует выдвигаемые ими концепции по отношению к Сибири и ее жителям в XIX веке. Статья характеризует положительные и негативные тенденции в развитии региона данного периода, отмеченные со стороны бывших дворян и революционеров. Приводится также попытка охарактеризовать прошлое и настоящее Сибири через призму колониального вопроса и возможных путей развития края.
Формирование северных рубежей Казахской АССР: основные этапы разграничения с Омской губернией в первой половине 1920-х гг.
Authors: Корженевский
Published: December 2020

Статья посвящена изучению вопросов разграничения Казахской автономной республики с Сибирью по территории Омской губернии в первой половине 1920-х гг. Рассмотрены основные этапы формирования границы между Акмолинской и Семипалатинской территориями Казахской АССР и Омской губернией РСФСР, определены наиболее значимые факторы межевания.
Taghm
Authors: Sökefeld Martin
Published: December 2020

This essay is a reflection on the sowing festival taghm which marks the beginning of the agricultural season in Gojal in the Karakorum Mountains of Pakistan. While doing research on the consequences of the Attabad landslide (Sökefeld 2012, 2014), I took the opportunity to observe taghm three times in Gulmit, the central place of Gojal.
La mère, le fils et la folie
Authors: Aït Mehdi Gina
Published: December 2020

Khadija lives with her son, whose unpredictable mental disorders have brought profound, existential uncertainty into the life of this Nigerien family. With such chaotic circumstances confronting her, the mother puts great  effort into recreating stability out of these turmoils, while not abandoning the hope for their disappearance of the latter. Beyond the practical and narrative (re)positioning of filial relationships reveals in Khadija’s accounts of her son’s illness, this article analyses how her endeavours keep the family together.