bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of implementation grid energy storage in power supply systems
Authors: Rybalskya V P
Published: November 2020

The most important indicator of the reliability of the power system is the quality of the supplied electricity. The quality of power supply depends on many parameters, the maintenance of which at a given level (voltage, frequency deviation) is carried out using various devices. One of these devices is grid energy storages, allowing you to even out schedules of daily, weekly, seasonal and annual electrical loads. Energy storage devices can also act as an uninterrupted power supply for substations and electrical grids, provide increased dynamic and static stability, and increase the transmission line throughput. However, the use of energy storage to eliminate irregularities in the schedule of generating capacities is not a traditional way. When using energy storage devices, the most important task is to determine their total capacity and energy intensity, as well as the location of the storage devices in the energy system and the economic feasibility of these measures. The criterion for the placement of storage devices is to reduce energy losses when using grid energy storages. In the course of the research, graphic and analytical dependencies of the distribution grid loads were obtained before and after the placement of grid energy storages, depending on the average daily active load.
Backup thermoelectric sources of electric energy
Authors: Shelekhov I U , Smirnov E I , Shelekhov M I
Published: November 2020

The article presents the rationale for the use of thermoelectric systems to provide backup power supply for actuators and automation systems for engineering systems of multistory buildings. The experiments were carried out using the developed stand, which modulated the parameters of the engineering systems of multi-storey buildings. The stand consists of a NEPS-100-220-0.03-UHL4 heating element and a CoolerMasterI30 cooler, the temperature on the sides of the thermoelectric module is controlled by a TPM-2 thermostat using a solid-state relay, the thermoelectric power value is recorded by an OVEN IMS device. F1, the electrical load is set by the resistance bridge. Temperature control of thermoelectric elements, hot and cold sides of a thermoelectric module, as well as sources of “heat” and “cold” is carried out by thermocouples, the data is recorded by the TPM138 meter-regulator. As a result of the work carried out, it was found that with the help of new technical solutions it is possible to increase the temperature on the heat exchange sides of thermoelectric modules and bring their technical parameters to the area of maximum efficiency. When organizing thermoelectric systems, it will be possible to provide backup power to the equipment used in heat points of multi-storey buildings.
Concerning the issue of alternative cold supply for building climate control systems
Authors: Kurasov I S , Shchukina T V , Saedi A A H Al
Published: November 2020

The possibility of using alternative cold supply in the life support systems of buildings for the climatic conditions of the Central Black Earth region is considered. The results of calculations and selection of an absorption chiller with an array of solar collectors for an office building planned for construction in Voronezh are presented. The analysis of the efficiency of the heat collectors by the average efficiency showed that for the cold supply of the building taking into account the actual actinometric indicators of the region the use of flat devices was the most appropriate. Vacuum collectors for the solved task under the indicated climatic conditions, despite the generation of a high-potential thermal regime, upon reaching the maximum temperature of the coolant, are characterized by a decrease in efficiency as a result of significant losses to the environment. With justified priority use of flat devices capturing solar radiation, for a deeper extraction of alternative energy, an innovative design of devices of this class is proposed making it possible to increase their efficiency. The use of such devices will reduce their number in the array.
The methodology of redundant design schemes and the method of contour minimization for tracing systems of field gas and oil pipelines
Authors: Chupin V R , Maizel D I
Published: November 2020

The goal of the work is to develop a methodology and a method for optimizing the tracing of oil and gas field pipelines. The analysis showed that the solution to this problem does not receive due attention from both designers and specialists in the automation of design solutions. The paper proposes to solve this problem on the basis of redundant design schemes that represent a graph of possible routes for the passage of field pipelines. As a method, the procedure of the contour (coordinatewise relative to the contour variables) minimization of the cost function of the life cycle of the pipeline system is proposed. A procedure for rejecting inefficient connections in the column of an excessive scheme of field pipelines is proposed. The proposed methodology and method are implemented in the TRACE-NG software package, which is successfully used in practice to substantiate the structure and parameters of pipelines for various technological purposes. Findings. The proposed methodology, method and software package are an effective computing tool useful for designers.
Regularities of operation cartridge filters
Authors: Bahmetev A , Khuzin V
Published: November 2020

The process of de-ironizing natural water by filtering through small-sized cartridge ceramic filters is considered. The process of filtration of the suspension through the filter wall, assuming that the filter wall and the sediment is not compressible. Considering, thus, the flow rate of filtrate is proportional to the pressure gradient of the square of the filter and inversely proportional to the resistance. In contrast to the works of V. A. Zhuzhikov, here the slurry is fed inside the cartridge filter. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are presented. Mathematical equations of filtration process are obtained when source water is supplied inside cartridge.
Mathematical modeling of water supply and sewerage systems
Authors: Teplykh S Yu , Bochkov D S , Bazarova A O
Published: November 2020

The paper describes special aspects of mathematical modeling of water supply and sewerage systems. These systems are complex units consisting of extensive pipeline networks, structures, installations, and equipment supposed to work coherently. This task is challenging due to the large number of parameters and technological processes that occur in sewerage and water supply systems. Therefore, in practice, different types of modeling, including mathematical modeling, are used to cope with these tasks. Modeling is a form of reflection of reality. A developed model can only be useful if it precisely corresponds to the real system. The more perfect the model, the closer it is to the reality.
The estimation of efficiency from application the local strengthening of strip foundations by short piles
Authors: Evtushenko S I , Shutova M N , Pikhur V N
Published: November 2020

Currently many multi-populated Russian cities have an acute shortage of usable space in the central part. The superstructure of one or several floors can become a solution, but it entails a danger of overloading the foundations and the occurrence of uneven precipitation. In this connection, the authors proposed a new model for strengthening the foundations of reconstructed buildings: short piles are pressed or stuffed in local areas, the pile heads are tied with a grillage with the existing foundation. The article discusses the practical and theoretical solution of this problem. Two design models were produced on a 1: 5 scale: a strip foundation model and a strip foundation model locally strengthening with short piles. The experimental results are obtained. A sand base was also calculated using the finite element method by PC PLAXIS. The calculated and experimental data have sufficient convergence of the results. Based on the calculation and experiment, it was found that the draft of the strengthening foundation is 1.875 times less than the draft of the strip foundation, which proves the effectiveness of this method of strengthening with an increase in the load on the foundation by 1.5-2 times.
Computer modelling of architectural forms based on ruled surfaces with imaginary axes
Authors: Korotkiy V A , Khmarova L I
Published: November 2020

One of the methods for constructing ruled surfaces is to isolate them from a linear congruence by immersing a guide line into the congruence body. The article considers a linear congruence defined by four intersecting lines. A theorem on the existence of a beam of planes intersecting a ruled algebraic surface of the order k+2 along algebraic curves of the order k (Theorem 1) is proved. The power frame of such surfaces is formed by rectilinear rods and arcs of second-order curves, which is their technological advantage. An algorithm is proposed for the transition from a linear congruence defined by four lines to an identical congruence defined by collinear fields ∏↔∏’. Such a transition makes it possible to solve the practically important problem of constructing a ruled surface passing through two conical sections. The theorem of an existing congruence defined by collinear fields with second-order curves drawn in them (Theorem 2) is proved. Based on Theorem 2, the construction of a ruled surface passing through predetermined conic sections r, r’ is performed. Examples of constructing biaxial ruled surfaces with real and imaginary axes are considered. Architectural forms based on ruled surfaces with imaginary axes are proposed. The practical use of ruled surfaces with imaginary axes allows expanding the scope of ruled structures in architectural design.
Computer modeling using the example of a tubing support in the training of mining engineers in the digital economy
Authors: Sudarikov A , Merkulova V , Tretyakova Z
Published: November 2020

The possibilities of using the computer memory, their performance, convenience of the graphical interface and the computer modeling are shown on the example of the computer model of the elements of the construction of the tube ring. The use of the modern information technologies based on the professional CAD/CAM/CAE/PDM systems is an important basic tool in the study of engineering disciplines. This allows to move to a higher level of the acquiring knowledge and the necessary production skills using the technology of «augmented reality» training in the digital economy.
Chasles’ mystic tetrahedron
Authors: Kheyfets A L Kheifetc
Published: November 2020

The results of the experimental study and testing of the theorem by M. Chasles are given. The theorem shows the peculiarities of the intersection of an arbitrary tetrahedron with an arbitrary quadratic surface (second-order surface). The multiple variants of the intersection stipulated in the theorem have been considered. It has been experimentally proven that for the majority of these variants the four intersecting lines constructed according to the algorithm of this theorem belong to the surface of a single one-sheeted hyperboloid. For two of the variants, the results that differ from the theorem have been received. The experiments implied building and studying 3D computer models obtained using the AutoCAD and SolidWorks packages. All the variants of the quadratic surface at different mutual position with respect to the tetrahedron have been considered. The methods of holding the experiments have been considered in detail. The proof of the theorem for one of its variants has been obtained and presented.
Architectural and landscape organization of Norra Djurgårdsstaden in Stockholm
Authors: Dormidontova V
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the architectural and landscape organization of the district of energy-efficient houses Norra Djurgårdsstaden in Stockholm. Since the end of the 19th century, the Norra Djurgårdsstaden district, with an area of more than 2 thousand hectares, has been part of the industrial area of the Royal Seaport. At the beginning of the 21st century, it was decided to modernize this area and destroy previous industries. Construction began in 2011 as part of the Living City strategy, which envisaged a balanced integrated design and construction of housing, trade, offices, services and public places. The strategy of resource management and responsibility for the climate meant that the city should develop in the direction of a resource-efficient and non-toxic future free of fossil fuels. Using the energy characteristics of buildings, monitoring the amount and recycling of construction and household waste, as well as soil restoration, has significantly reduced the impact on the environment. It was revealed that the architectural and landscape organization, based on the principles of individualization of “spaces of movement” and “spaces of being”, ensured maximum contact with nature, conservation of biodiversity, ecological, visual and social value of streets and courtyards.
The formation of professional competencies and artistic values among students of architectural and design specialties in the process of exhibition activities of the Art Museum of the South Ural State University
Authors: Voroshin S D
Published: November 2020

The article is aimed at studying the specifics of teaching students of architectural and design specialties. The author reveals the mechanisms of the formation of professional competencies and artistic values among students of architectural and artistic specialties. Much attention is given to the modern interactive teaching methods, that required to provide quality education, especially at creative disciplines. Such methods include relevant sociocultural practices that complement basic theoretical education and directly include students in the learning process. One of the most effective sociocultural practices is the museum and exhibition activities at the university. The article is devoted to determining the role of the Art Museum of the South Ural State University (SUSU) in educational activities as an actual sociocultural practice, complementing theoretical material. The scientific work gives a detailed analysis of the study, conducted in order to determine the amount of assimilated theoretical material by students of Institute of Architecture and Construction of SUSU. On the basis of the exhibitions the author carried out practical seminars to reveal the professional analytical potential of students of architectural and design specialties, to strengthen the gained knowledge and to form the basis for their own creative activity.
Methods of evaluating yard area development in the context of urbanization
Authors: Rastyapina O A , Polyakov V G , Kalashnikova E V
Published: November 2020

The article is dedicated to the issue of evaluating yard area quality of apartment buildings. According to the analysis of methods of evaluating quality of the urban environment as well as the analysis of urban residents, we have determined the factors contributing to the quality of yard areas and determining satisfaction of residents with their living environment. Using the method of qualimetry, we calculated weight coefficients of various factors from the point of view of their significance to urban residents. We suggest comprehensively evaluating yard area quality using significance (weight) coefficients. The results will allow defining a set of measures intended to improve yard area quality. From the point of view of their significance to urban residents, these coefficients may be used in the housing pricing policy.
The architecture of the building of the former consulate of the Russian Empire at 85 Hongjun Street, Harbin during the first half of the 20th Century
Authors: Smolianinova T A
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the architecture of the building of the former consular office of the Russian Empire located at 85 Hongjun Street in Harbin during the first half of the 20th century. The article provides a historical analysis, which considers the chronology of the change of functions in the selected building. The compositional and stylistic features of the object are revealed, which are presented in eclectic motifs inherent in Art Nouveau and neoclassical, characteristic of architecture of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. The building under consideration has architectural, artistic, historical value and is a monument of the cultural and architectural heritage of Harbin.
Arborsculpture: a promising trend in the interior gardening of buildings
Authors: Smolina O O
Published: November 2020

The article is dedicated to a special form of decorative gardening - winter gardens. Their formation will allow organizing an interior private space for human recreation and meeting the need for a comfortable rest and recovery. Designing winter gardens in residential buildings, in shopping and business centers etc. creates the possibility of year-round human-nature interaction, regardless of season, weather conditions, or daytime. Landscaping of winter gardens is diverse. According to current trends, it is necessary to consider the possibility of integrating arbor sculpture objects into the general composition of winter gardens of various stylistic directions, taking into account environmental, strategic, landscape-functional, visual and aesthetic aspects. Arborsculpture is the art of forming architectural and artistic objects of tree and shrub species adapted for humane growth correction. The use of arborsculpture is possible both in open and closed spaces. However, interior operation is characterized by a shorter formation of arbor sculptural objects and is most often represented by decorative sculpture and/or functional design objects. The use of arbor sculptural objects in winter gardens will improve the ecology, increase the aesthetics of the environment, create unique design solutions, as well as contribute to a more careful, responsible attitude of citizens to wildlife elements.
The problem of designing research centers on the example of the Far Eastern Region
Authors: Burik A A , Kim A A
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the problem of architectural planning, spatial and city-forming factors in the formation of the architecture of research institutes, centers and complexes, which in turn are part of science cities, technology parks, technopolises and academic towns. The world and Russian (including the Far East) examples of the formation and development of research centers are considered. The main features of their development are highlighted, which include: the location near the city and scientific institutes / universities, the construction period is no more than 5 years, the multidisciplinarity of workspaces, the flexibility of the planning structure, the economy and energy efficiency of the adapted architecture, etc. Based on the analysis, recommendations are proposed for the development of innovation and infrastructure in the Far East, using the example of the city of Khabarovsk. The problems and possibilities of design and construction in the city are identified, based on regional aspects inherent in the Far East.
Construction project as a tool for forming a comfortable and accessible environment: risks and threats
Authors: Filimonova L A , Deviatkina (Abusheva) Y A
Published: November 2020

This article raises the problem of the ambiguity of the use of design documentation for reuse, the superficial attitude of architects to the need for deep processing of documents. When adapting a project to building conditions, important aspects such as insolation, prevailing winds, annual rainfall and temperature conditions, innovative resource-saving and construction technologies are omitted. Unfortunately, many investors, customers and contractors neglect these provisions, and the regulatory and legal framework is not enough to achieve the goals of creating a comfortable and accessible environment. Often, projects that were previously recognized as cost-effective do not correspond to modern realities. The article sets out the basic principles for implementing socially-oriented projects for the construction of a public building, summarizes and systematizes a set of regulatory legal regulation of urban development, formulates the primary tasks of adapting the project to the conditions, substantiates the importance of a creative approach to project development. The authors of the article, using the reuse project as an example, raise the problem of “moral aging” of design decisions and the superficial attitude of architects to the adaptation part. The author’s project of the scientific and educational center is focused on a new reading of the technical and technological parameters that meet the requirements of modern society.
The architecture of banking institutions in Changchun city (1932-1945)
Authors: Tceluiko D S
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the architecture of banks in Changchun from 1932 to 1945 (Manchou). At this time, Japan had a great influence on this territory, which invariably influenced the new bank buildings. Four buildings were built: Manchuria Daxing Bank and Manchurian Industrial Bank, Yitong bank and two buildings of Central Bank of Manchou. The article describes each of these objects. The study describes the design solution, functional blocks, outdoor materials, interior, as well as the history of the building and companies located inside. Many of the banks that existed earlier were disbanded, and as a result, their buildings were used for other purposes and subsequently lost their value, which generally made Changchun less diverse from an architectural point of view, if we only consider financial institutions. Typology of a banking institution has clearly developed, with a large hall, spaces for employees and customers, as well as a developed storage system.
Features of the socio-spatial organization of creative spaces of a modern city
Authors: Eterevskaya I N , Nazarova M P
Published: November 2020

Urban public spaces in the context of the sociology of architecture are considered, the definition of the urban creative space is given, the creative spaces’ role in the transformation processes of the formation of a modern urban environment is analyzed, the specifics of their organization forms and methods are considered in the article. It is proposed to use the existing public spaces adjoined to the houses of culture that often have their own unique history, identity and “memory of the place” as the platforms for the development of the city’s creative potential. The organization principles and methods of creative spaces in the context of Volgograd regional features based on the scenario approach that provides the development of the types: “scenography”, “activity”, “information”, “arrangement scenarios” are formulated. The conclusion about the need to preserve the specific city spaces containing outstanding historical elements and about the creative spaces’ formation on the basis of the historical succession principle built on a combination of historical objects and new environmental components is made.
Protection of residential buildings from vehicle emissions using landscaping areas of various design
Authors: Balakin V V
Published: November 2020

The gas protection efficiency of green spaces on highways and transport infrastructure objects in residential areas and historical centers of cities has been studied in this article. The most effective protection of roadside areas from gas contamination is provided by dense landscaping strips. The rows of plants closest to the edge of the roadway should be represented by shrubs that form two-tiered hedges, and trees with a low crown. In such rows, the height of woody plants should be gradually increased to form a step-shaped strip per cross section. In order to expand the zone of gas-protective influence of landscaping strips, it is necessary to provide for ordinary planting of high-growing trees in their composition. If the street width is not sufficient to accommodate linear-lane structures of green spaces with the maximum density with a value of the openness coefficient K, close to 1, it is necessary to form landscaping strips of optimal density with a value K=0.5…0.6. On streets with multi-section front buildings in green belts, the most preferable is the height of trees at the level of the middle floors, which provides lower concentrations in front of the strip and uniform dispersion of ingredients at the walls of buildings, as well as intensive air exchange in the pedestrian traffic zone.
Eco-city and Technopolis: Pros & Cons
Authors: Kurbatova S M , Aisner L Yu , Naumkina V V
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the essence and features of the formation and development of two types of urban settlements – technopolis and eco-city. The reasons and prerequisites for their formation are presented. A number of common tasks that are set between these two systems have been identified. The ever-growing dependence of mankind on technology leads to various kinds of abuses that affect people both directly and indirectly – we are talking about the environment. Given the fact that in recent decades there has been a process of increasing and expanding urban settlements (both in terms of territory and population, and the increasing complexity of various socio-economic relations and spheres) in many countries, the following points are inevitable: 1) the development of man-made manifestations and the increasing use of technological progress; 2) the impact on the environment and increasing environmental problems; 3) the need to find the most harmonious coexistence of these processes within a particular large urban settlement.
Assessment of the impact of street lighting on usage activity of pedestrian traffic spaces on the example of the square in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Bystryantseva N V , Antonov R A , Balaev A F
Published: November 2020

Lighting is one of the key factors in ensuring the maximum flow of people in traffic spaces. The choice of lighting settings determines pedestrian comfort and safety, which defines the choice of pedestrian’s route. The growth of cities is the reason for finding solutions to the optimisation problem of the lighting settings of traffic spaces to reduce energy costs and ensure comfort and safety of pedestrians. Solving the problem of adaptive lighting requires experimentation. The experiment conducted in the square in Saint Petersburg showed that the shortest routes to the most remote points of the square are in great demand among pedestrians. When the level of illumination of lamps changes by 1-2 steps, a decrease in the colour temperature to 3200 K has the strongest influence on the choice of pedestrians. The preference for a route with normal and reduced to 3200 K temperature varies depending on the day of the week.
Using satellite images to study urban heat island and environmental monitoring
Authors: Olenkov V D , Biryukov A D , Sukhorukov V A
Published: November 2020

The paper describes a number of simplified methods of mapping of the urban environment surface temperature in order to study the structure of the urban heat island. It is very important to take into account the climatic and environmental variables of the territories when planning modern cities and settlements. To solve such problems, methods of remote sensing data are used increasingly. The study of multispectral satellite images provides more information about the characteristics of objects on the earth’s surface, as well as data on the distribution of various types of land use. Maps of the earth’s surface temperature (LST) can be used for studying the urban microclimate and localization of temperature anomalies of the city, as well as for urban planning tasks. The article considers the operation of processing a series of satellite images of urban areas for the summer period, followed by the study of temporary changes in the temperature portrait of the city. The paper considers the use of semi-automatic methods for obtaining satellite images in the thermal field, as well as a separate study of images in the near-infrared field to search for bright point sources of heat. Radiometric and atmospheric correction was performed on satellite data using the QGIS package and the Semiautomatic Classification Plugin extension. Based on the results of the study, thermal anomalies were localized in the city, and the boundaries of the heat footprint of new neighborhoods were determined.
On the methodology for risk assessment in transport of dangerous goods by road
Authors: Kuzmin A V , Gorina L N , Demin A
Published: November 2020

The general trend in the development of the technosphere implies a constant increase in the volume of transport of dangerous goods by road. The combination of “dangerous cargo and vehicle” is potentially dangerous because it can pose additional risks to road users, as well as to the environment (nature and population). For this reason, it is necessary to conduct appropriate risk analyses for the transport of dangerous goods by road, which makes it possible to assess such risks.
On making amendments to the safety data sheet for territories
Authors: Kuzmin A V , Gorina L N , Demin A
Published: November 2020

The article shows the importance of developing a safety data sheet for the territories of subjects and municipalities of the Russian Federation, argues the need for risk and threat analysis of various nature and the use of information technologies in the light of general and regional informatization. An innovative approach is described, with which you can automate some stages of the development of a safety data sheet, store the characteristics of potentially dangerous technical objects, analyze the results in accordance with documents adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation. An innovative approach is described, which can be used to automate some stages of the development of a safety data sheet, store the characteristics of potentially dangerous technical objects, and analyze the results in accordance with the documents adopted by the government of the Russian Federation.
Modern approaches to analysis of emergency risks in the Irkutsk Region
Authors: Khamidullina E A , Drozdova T I
Published: November 2020

The paper presents a retrospective analysis of the risks inherent in man-made and natural emergencies in the territory of the Irkutsk Region and assesses their level based on the modern risk analysis methodology. In the work, we used methods of statistical analysis. The processing and synthesis of statistical data was carried out as a whole for the Irkutsk Region and the Russian Federation for the period 2009-2019. A quantitative assessment of the risk of emergencies in the Irkutsk Region for the period 2009-2019 was carried out based on the number of emergencies and the number of injured in emergencies. We calculated the average statistical indicators of the recurrence of man-made and natural hazards, as well as the average indicators of collective risk, based on which the territory of the Irkutsk Region was assigned to the high-risk zone for emergencies of any origin. A comparison of the individual risks of death in emergencies and fires with the national indicators allowed them to be considered acceptable relative to the national level, while the individual risk of death in emergencies and fires exceeded the standard levels by about 4 times.
The improvement of safety and reliability of Ground dams and small pond dams
Authors: Vasilieva E V , Fedorov V M
Published: November 2020

Earth dams and dikes belong to the increased technology-related risk facilities, most of the accidents on which occur due to the facility design and construction errors. 60 % of the more than three hundred dam and dike collapse accidents in various countries of the world over the past 100 years have been caused by filtration through the structure’s body, suffusion and loosening of the soil, and consequently, the crest and slope failure. This paper considers the issues of developing and creating more effective structural measures to combat the earth dam and dike defects and damages, based on well-known and proven design solutions considering the technical and financial capabilities of local repair and construction companies and economies, as well as their mechanical equipment and local raw materials available.
Assessment and method for reducing the risk of emergencies at enterprises using equipment operating under excessive pressure
Authors: Udartseva O V
Published: November 2020

This article assesses the likelihood of an emergency during the operation of excessive pressure equipment. Emergency situations were developed and simulated, their consequences were evaluated. Sketch maps for the implementation of events on the terrain with radii of damage to people and infrastructure were plotted. Simulation of the emergency showed that in case of an explosion of a steam boiler, severe structural damage and complete destruction of a mobile steam unit are possible. Based on the simulation results, a technical solution is proposed aimed at preventing the explosion of a steam boiler due to the implementation of an automated shutdown of fuel and water supply by installing a pressure measurement sensor. The technical solution describes the algorithm of the proposed automation process and the operator’s actions in case of failure of safety valves and the operation of the pressure measurement sensor.
Improving the sustainability of cultural heritage sites using the INFORM Method
Authors: Muravyeva E V , Arefyeva E V , Danilina N E
Published: November 2020

The article presents proposals on the use of the risk index method to determine the sustainability of cultural heritage sites. This INFORM method is based on the assessment of the three risk components by measuring the relevant indicators in each of three directions: the degree of danger; level of vulnerability; counteraction (overcoming) potential. The method includes about 50 different indicators for measuring hazards and impact on them, vulnerability indicators and determining the necessary resources for stopping hazards. The integral risk index is formed as the geometric mean of the component indices: danger, vulnerability and lack of counteraction potential. The application of the INFORM method for the development and adoption of managerial decisions to increase the sustainability and security of cultural and historical heritage sites makes it possible to assess risk, and in the future, planning measures for the restoration and maintenance of cultural heritage sites.
Determining the vulnerability of educational institutions in terms of the requirements of the program “My city to prepare”
Authors: Muravyova E V , Utkin A V , Valiullin B M
Published: November 2020

The article considers the risks that pose a danger to educational institutions in the aspect of the requirements of international programs to improve the sustainability of cities. Risk-generating factors that threaten the sustainability of educational institutions can be both external and internal, associated with the social interaction of the participants of this organization. The authors believe that one of the most significant factors in the sustainability of an educational institution is the state of anti-terrorism security. The main principles for ensuring anti-terrorist security are: elimination of the source of danger from the system; exclusion of conditions for the commission of terrorist acts. The article describes the criteria for anti-terrorism protection, a small number of which, when attesting the anti-terrorism security of an educational institution on its own, is determined by the capabilities of the educational institution itself. Recommendations are given on creating a plan to reduce the vulnerability of an educational institution.
Risk control system for the construction of urban underground structures
Authors: Kulikova E Yu , Balovtsev S V
Published: November 2020

Complex development of dense urban underground space puts forward a number of requirements that must be taken into account when planning, designing and building, because underground structures under construction and in operation are high-risk areas and, in the event of an accident, pose a serious danger to the people in them. The purpose of the risk control system for the construction and operation of underground structures in megacities is to ensure the successful functioning of urban systems in conditions of risk and uncertainty. In the event of an emergency, the implementation of risk control measures should ensure that the adverse impact caused by accidental events on the successful operation of megacity facilities is minimized. The article considers the functional risk control system in urban underground construction, presents an analysis and classification of risk-forming factors that affect the environmental and technological safety of urban underground space development. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of risk development were identified. The main requirements and principles of forming a risk control system for the development of urban underground space are formulated.
Reducing the risk of hazards when working with radioactive substances and ionizing radiation
Authors: Gumerov T Yu , Gabdukaeva L Z , Freze T Yu
Published: November 2020

The paper presents a product designed to feed people working with radioactive substances and ionizing radiation. The effectiveness of the proposed composition is characterized by the anti-radiation properties of the ingredients included in the composition in the optimal amount and ratio. This product can be recommended as an additional component of dietary and therapeutic nutrition for radiation damage and free radical oxidation of the human body. The presence of a sulfur-containing amino acid - cysteine determines the radiation protective properties of the product and provides an antitumor effect. Cereal bar is proposed for feeding workers who work with radioactive substances and ionising radiation, which includes oat bran, light or dark raisins, dried dates, bee honey, coarse wheat fibre, buckwheat flour, dried apricots, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, black currant berries, green apple, butter, dried sea cabbage, crushed fresh beets and dried chokeberry fruits. Ivention provides the preparation of cereal bars intended for feeding workers working with radioactive substances and ionising radiation, with radioprotective effect, which accelerate the excretion of radioactive substances from the body.
Monitoring of soil and plant complexes on forest fund lands in the area of influence of Orenburg oil and gas condensate field
Authors: Filippova A V , Rjabuhina M V , Hakimov E R
Published: November 2020

At the current stage of Russia’s development one of the priorities is to ensure the protection of the environment and the rational use of natural resources. In the Framework of State Policy on Environmental Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 the ecological situation in the country is characterized by a high level of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment and significant environmental consequences of past economic activities. The problem of improving the legal regulation and organization of environmental activities of industrial enterprises as polluting objects of the environment is particularly relevant. The main pollutants emitted by Orenburg oil and gas condensate field are nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen carbon and other compounds. When pollutants enter the atmosphere their physical and chemical changes occur during movement and propagation in space, turbulent diffusion and dilution.
Need for development of an optimal method for calculating the risk of action of contaminants on human health
Authors: Zhilyakov E , Monakhova Z , Monakhov M
Published: November 2020

According to the annual monitoring of water bodies in the Tyumen Oblast, it can be concluded that more than half of the samples taken from drinking water supply sources according to sanitary and toxicological criteria did not meet the normative values out of the total number of 54.3% taken in 2018. Compared to 2016, this indicator has increased by 7.1%. The dynamics of increasing pollution of water bodies is confirmed by the fact that in 2015 the quality of surface sources of drinking and domestic water supply did not meet the standards of 20.6% of the analyzed samples, which is 1.4% higher than in 2014. The current situation is partly explained by flood phenomena accompanied by surface runoff contamination of the water area, partly by peculiarities of hydrological and hydrochemical nature, partly by anthropogenic activities: operation of existing enterprises and commissioning of a number of industrial facilities: Tyumen Waste Incineration Plant, Antipinsky Oil Refinery, etc. It was noted that iron, silicon and ammonia in surface water sources exceeded MAC up to 5 times.
Ensuring the environmental safety of the Maliy Salgir river water ecosystem
Authors: Volkova N E , Zakharov R Y , Umerova L R
Published: November 2020

In the course of human activities, most of the watercourses have turned into natural-technical systems. They must be considered as a whole and, based on this principle, environmental safety should be managed on them. Following a methodological approach based on the fact that the environmental safety level of water ecosystems is determined by their functioning which ensures the maintenance of a favorable environmental situation, technical safety of facilities hydraulically connected to the watercourse and responsible for observing the rights and interests of water users, will allow a comprehensive assessment of the actual situation on them. It is also appropriate to use it for development of a list of the best environmental and economic measures aimed at reducing the anthropogenic load on these water facilities. So, the measures proposed for the Maliy Salgir river water ecosystem (maintenance work on ponds and arrangement of centralized and decentralized water disposal systems in rural settlements Stroganovka, Denisovka, Ivanovka, Druzhnoye and Lazorevka) according to preliminary estimation will reduce the index characterizing the level of its environmental safety up to a value corresponding to the acceptable level of anthropogenic activities impact.
Macroeconomic aspects of maintenance optimization of critical key assets
Authors: Timashev S A , Bushinskaya A V
Published: November 2020

The main goal of maintenance is prevention, timely detection and elimination of failures and damage. From the point of view of critical infrastructures (CIs), the main purpose of their maintenance is to increase the safety of CIs and / or to ensure life safety. CIs should be optimal in terms of their purpose, cost, as a source of income and profit at all stages of their life cycle, and also acceptable in terms of possible loss of human lives or injuries. The paper considers the assessment of necessary optimal investments in maintenance (time interval between subsequent maintenance) for ensuring life safety, the so-called life saving costs. The problem of limiting the threat to human life is as follows: how much money is society ready and able to spend to reduce the likelihood of a premature death. A quantitative criterion of risk acceptance is used, in which the marginal life saving cost (MLSC) is compared with social willingness to pay. This value is determined using the life quality index.
Automated system for operational chemical and radiation monitoring of water areas of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation with flooded underwater potentially dangerous objects
Authors: Bolshagin A Yu , Vyalyshev A I , Stoyanov V V
Published: November 2020

Long-term operational control systems for pollution of the aquatic environment near potentially dangerous underwater objects in ice conditions in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are described. The systems are based on the use of bottom stations that measure the levels of radiation and chemical pollution of the aquatic environment and transmit monitoring information via satellite and (or) sonar communication channels. The information transmitting via the satellite communication channel is carried out by the direct ascent of the station itself, and in the case of ice cover, the transmission of information is carried out using a pop-up antenna unit capable of drilling ice. Transmission via the sonar communication channel is carried out between the stations and the receiving unit.
Assessing functions of human risk, reliability and error probability
Authors: Poluyan L V , Malukova M G
Published: November 2020

The paper discusses the problem of assessing human risk and reliability as well as a probability of a human error when applied to power systems. The research shows the effect of the human factor on the power system security; this effect is caused by poor (inadequate) maintenance due to human errors and a power system cascade failure. A need for making time-centered human reliability analysis is underlined. The problem is solved using the covariance analysis, i.e. mathematical statistics applied to research in the correlation between sets of independent categorical variables (factors) and independent quantitative variables (covariates). The introduction of covariates is intimated to enable evaluating their influence on the interaction of an independent variable and factors, and, in the course, the greater the influence coefficient for a factor is, the greater influence this factor has on human reliability and still more probable human errors are.
Health risk assessment of children’s population on the delivery of metals with drinking water
Authors: Tunakova Yu A , Galimova A R , Valiev V S
Published: November 2020

In the work, we assessed the carcinogenic risk to the health of the child population when drinking tap water is consumed in the city based on the calculation of the risk to public health taking into account regional exposure factors. For this, a retrospective study of the quality indicators of drinking water in the city of Kazan at the final consumption point (houses and apartments) in the city was carried out. The calculation results showed that when using regional exposure factors that reflect the specific characteristics of the studied population, the carcinogenic risk values increase by 45%. The use of regional values of exposure factors, which are characteristic of a particular population, increases the accuracy and reliability of risk assessment. It was shown that the carcinogenic risk to health from drinking tap water by children 3-6 years old calculated by regional values of exposure factors in a number of zones exceeds the value recommended by WHO by more than 2 times, which requires the use of effective methods of purification of drinking water from ions that are carcinogenic potential.