bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuando el polígono no es posible: los SIG y el estudio del territorio gallego medieval
Authors: Bermúdez Beloso Mariña
Published: December 2024

Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) han supuesto una revolución metodológica en múltiples campos, entre los que se incluye la disciplina histórica y la historia medieval. Junto con las formas de cartografiado más básicas, los SIG abren posibilidades innovadoras de análisis gracias a una serie de herramientas en continuo desarrollo y cuya aplicación práctica a estudios de historia medieval está aún, en muchos casos, en proceso de experimentación. En el presente artículo se proponen varias hipótesis de aplicación de los SIG a un objeto de estudio que no es novedoso pero que aún no ha sido analizado en profundidad con estas herramientas: el territorio de la Galicia medieval y su organización. Partiendo de una serie de ejemplos tomados de la documentación escrita, se procederá a la identificación de lugares (puntos) a los que se aplicarán distintos algoritmos (buffers, diagramas de Voronoi, triangulaciones de Delaunay y rutas de menor coste), en busca de nuevas formas de reconstrucción de los límites (polígonos) propios de las entidades en las que se dividía dicho territorio. Con estos ejemplos prácticos, se pretende entrar en los horizontes de análisis abiertos por los SIG, aplicados aquí a las fuentes documentales gallegas de época medieval.
Diversity starts at home: Addressing the diversity dilemma within the Human Resources profession
Authors: van der Merwe Marna , Veldsman Dieter
Published: December 2024

In many organizations, the Human Resources (HR) function is responsible for driving diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives, with the goal of ensuring a workforce that is representative of the population, access to work that is fair and a culture where employees feel included and can belong. This study examines diversity, with a specific focus on the representation of various employee groups within the HR profession itself, focusing on the gender, ethnicity and age composition across various HR roles in the United States. A cross-sectional analysis of 3 million HR professional profiles reveals significant gender imbalance, with 68.2% of HR roles held by women, perpetuating stereotypes that associate HR with caregiving and potentially limiting male participation. Additionally, disparities in ethnic representation are evident, with the underrepresentation of Hispanic professionals and the overrepresentation of individuals of Asian descent, highlighting unequal access to HR careers. The study also identified a lack of representation in gender and age across all levels, which impedes advancement opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. These findings suggest that while HR advocates for DEI across organizations, its internal diversity efforts lag. While the dataset is limited to the HR workforce in the United States of America, the findings also hold relevance for European HR contexts, given shared DEI challenges and global professional standards. Addressing these issues requires targeted recruitment strategies, structured career development and mentorship programs to create a more diverse, equitable, and strategically capable HR workforce.
Qwen-2.5 Outperforms Other Large Language Models in the Chinese National Nursing Licensing Examination: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Zhu Shiben , Hu Wanqin , Yang Zhi , Yan Jiani , Zhang Fang
Published: December 2024

Background

Large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as valuable tools in medical education and practice. The Chinese National Nursing Licensing Examination (CNNLE) presents unique challenges for LLMs due to its requirement for both deep domain–specific nursing knowledge and the ability to make complex clinical decisions, which differentiates it from more general medical examinations. However, their potential application in the CNNLE remains unexplored.

Objective

This study aims to evaluates the accuracy of 7 LLMs including GPT-3.5, GPT-4.0, GPT-4o, Copilot, ERNIE Bot-3.5, SPARK, and Qwen-2.5 on the CNNLE, focusing on their ability to handle domain-specific nursing knowledge and clinical decision-making. We also explore whether combining their outputs using machine learning techniques can improve their overall accuracy.

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed all 1200 multiple-choice questions from the CNNLE conducted between 2019 and 2023. Seven LLMs were evaluated on these multiple-choice questions, and 9 machine learning models, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Multilayer Perceptron, k-nearest neighbors, Random Forest, LightGBM, AdaBoost, XGBoost, and CatBoost, were used to optimize overall performance through ensemble techniques.

Results

Qwen-2.5 achieved the highest overall accuracy of 88.9%, followed by GPT-4o (80.7%), ERNIE Bot-3.5 (78.1%), GPT-4.0 (70.3%), SPARK (65.0%), and GPT-3.5 (49.5%). Qwen-2.5 demonstrated superior accuracy in the Practical Skills section compared with the Professional Practice section across most years. It also performed well in brief clinical case summaries and questions involving shared clinical scenarios. When the outputs of the 7 LLMs were combined using 9 machine learning models, XGBoost yielded the best performance, increasing accuracy to 90.8%. XGBoost also achieved an area under the curve of 0.961, sensitivity of 0.905, specificity of 0.978, F1-score of 0.901, positive predictive value of 0.901, and negative predictive value of 0.977.

Conclusions

This study is the first to evaluate the performance of 7 LLMs on the CNNLE and that the integration of models via machine learning significantly boosted accuracy, reaching 90.8%. These findings demonstrate the transformative potential of LLMs in revolutionizing health care education and call for further research to refine their capabilities and expand their impact on examination preparation and professional training.
The The Effect of Credit on Female-headed Households Welfare in Indonesia
Authors: Juwita Gita Hayu Padma
Published: December 2024

This study analyses credit's effect on female-headed household welfare in Indonesia. This paper employed a dataset from the National Socio-economic Survey (SUSENAS) conducted in 2018, which contains approximately 45,000 observations of female-headed households in Indonesia. Welfare here is measured by expenditure per capita per month of the households. This study employed Propensity Score Matching to analyse the average effect of credit to expenditure while controlling confounding factors such as age, education, location, housing status, marriage status, housewife status, employment status, and household size. The result shows that the credit extension significantly affects the expenditure of female-headed households.
Tatapan Pria dan Objektifikasi Tubuh Perempuan: Potensi Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online Pada Akun Instagram @ugmcantik
Authors: Hilmi Ammar Mahir
Published: December 2024

The presence of Instagram as a photo and video sharing platform has enabled individual users to interact and exchange information easily anywhere and anytime. The various features owned by this platform also allow Instagram to become an instrument for users to achieve their goals and interests. However, in its development, accounts are often found that use the phrase 'beautiful' in choosing their account name. The use of the phrase 'beautiful' is then in line with the account's upload pattern which features various photos of women. This paper is intended to critically examine the potential for online gender-based violence on the @ugmcantik Instagram account, which features various uploads of women's photos. Using the concept of male gaze introduced by Laura Mulvey, this paper aims to explain how the process of objectification of women's bodies is displayed in the @ugmcantik Instagram account uploads that seem to be intended to fulfil the needs of male users' gazes. The methodology used in this paper is critical discourse analysis by examining the uploads of the @ugmcantik Instagram account which displays various photos, image captions, hashtags, and netizen comments related to the upload. The findings in this paper are that the @ugmcantik Instagram account in its upload pattern tends to make photos of women as objects of passive gaze and aesthetically packaged for the sake of increasing the reach and popularity of the account. The implications of using women's photos as objects can then be identified through comments that are sexist and demeaning to women.
Analisis Wacana Kritis terhadap Representasi Gender dalam Iklan Elektronik di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Rizki Putri Meylina , Agustin Nur Shafira , Rahmawati Zulfatri , Sununianti Vieronica Varbi , Kurniawan Deni Aries
Published: December 2024

Globalization has brought significant changes in various aspects of human life, including the representation of gender in advertisements. This study aims to critically analyze the representation of gender change in electronic advertisements using a qualitative method, analyzed through Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach. The advertisements chosen for analysis are “Segampang Itu Nyuci Noda Kalau Ada Proclin” and the Sunlight product advertisement featuring a man, “Wih kok bisa Sunlight sebagus ini!”. The analysis is carried out using the three dimensions of discourse analysis identified by Fairclough: text, discourse practice, and social practice. The analysis results show that the representation of gender change in these electronic advertisements indicates that both ads function not only as tools for product promotion but also as instruments for social change. These advertisements support the discourse of gender equality and have the potential to influence public perceptions of gender roles within the household. Thus, advertisements do not merely reflect social reality but can also shape and alter societal views regarding the division of gender roles.
An International Study of Variation in Attitudes to Kidney Biopsy Practice
Authors: Toal Michael P. , Hill Christopher J. , Quinn Michael P. , McQuarrie Emily P. , O’Neill Ciaran E. , Maxwell Alexander P.
Published: December 2024

Key Points

Attitudes on kidney biopsy practice vary significantly across the world.

Male clinicians, younger clinicians, and individuals who perform biopsies more frequently had an increased propensity to recommend a kidney biopsy.

Kidney biopsy was most often recommended in the setting of higher proteinuria levels and preserved kidney function.

Background

A kidney biopsy is an essential investigation for diagnosis but is invasive and associated with complications. Delaying or missing the opportunity to diagnose kidney disease could result in adverse patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine attitudes to kidney biopsy across the world.

Methods

An online questionnaire for nephrologists was designed on the basis of the existing literature with input from patients. Anonymized data were collected on individual and institutional demographics, indications and contraindications for biopsy, and attitudes and barriers to access. A propensity-to-biopsy score was generated from responses, which allowed clinicians to compare their practice with international colleagues. A higher score was associated with an increased likelihood of recommending biopsy. The questionnaire was disseminated through international nephrology societies, including the National Kidney Foundation, and by social media.

Results

Participants responding to the questionnaire included 1181 clinicians from 83 countries, making it the largest international study in this area to date. The propensity-to-biopsy scores were significantly different between the 13 countries with over 20 clinicians participating (P < 0.001) and was highest in Mexico and lowest in the Philippines. Kidney biopsy was most often recommended in patients with higher proteinuria levels and most often avoided in patients with small kidneys. An adjusted linear regression model demonstrated that a significantly higher propensity-to-biopsy score was found in male clinicians, younger clinicians, frequent performers of kidney biopsy, increased job seniority, and larger institution size (P = 0.05).

Conclusions

Kidney biopsy practice is varied internationally and is subject to human and systemic factors. Further research is required to understand the variances behind clinical decision making.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF WILD-FIRES INCIDENTS IN SERBIA BASED ON VIIRS 375 M DATA FOR THE PERIOD 2013-2023
Authors: Vranić Petar , Mišić Nikola
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the spatial distribution and clustering patterns of wildland fires in Serbia from January 2013 to December 2023 using data obtained from NASA's Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS). A total of 69,179 fires are mapped using the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) 375 m thermal anomalies/active fire product, which offers improved spatial resolution and mapping capabilities. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, particularly Moran's I and Local Moran's I, is applied to assess the degree of clustering in the wildland fire incident dataset. Results indicate significant spatial patterns, highlighting critical areas for fire management and prevention. Municipalities such as Požarevac, Bogatić, Kikinda, Žitište, Sečanj, Šid, Irig, Ruma, and Stara Pazova, identified as HH clusters, should be prioritized for resource allocation. LH clusters, including Grocka, Beočin, and Velika Plana, need integration into regional strategies. Additionally, the persistent HL cluster in Kosjerić indicates an anomaly requiring focused intervention. These insights provide valuable information for targeted fire management strategies and highlight the importance of spatial analysis in understanding wildfire dynamics.
ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL RISK IN THE PAINT AND COATINGS INDUSTRY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Đorđević Amelija , Stojadinović Danijela , Stojkovic Ana , Krstić Ivan
Published: December 2024

In assessing ecological risk in the paint and coatings industry, stressors are examined from the perspective of exposed hazardous substances, whether as input substances or substances leaving the technological process and entering the environment. The extent of their negative impact on humans, living organisms, non-living nature, and material goods depends on their characteristics and the frequency and degree of their effects. When assessing risks, the frequency and degree of their effects are considered in terms of regular operational regimes and accident scenarios. The spatial distribution of hazardous substances reaching watercourses is also presented based on calculations of maximum emission quantities and volumes of substances, as well as the determination of the area of contaminated watercourses. Risk is assessed concerning the probability of the most likely unwanted events in the paint and coatings industry and their consequences for human life, health, and the environment.
JobOrbit-Intelligent Recruitment System
Authors: B Mr. Sandeep
Published: December 2024

This project focuses on developing an Intelligent Recruitment System leveraging advanced machine learning
techniques to revolutionize the recruitment process. The system automates key tasks, such as analyzing resumes, extracting
essential details, and matching candidate profiles with job requirements. By employing algorithms for natural language
processing (NLP) and predictive analytics, the system evaluates a candidate's suitability for specific roles based on their skills,
experience, and qualifications. Additionally, it offers tailored job recommendations to candidates, enhancing their job search
experience while enabling employers to identify the best-fit talent efficiently. The Intelligent Recruitment System not only
reduces manual effort but also ensures accuracy and fairness in candidate selection, ultimately transforming traditional hiring
practices into a smarter and more efficient process.
Mapping natural fire hazards in Middle Urals based on random forest model
Authors: Klimina E.A. , Shikhov A.N.
Published: December 2024

In this study, we created the maps of natural fire hazard for Perm krai and Sverdlovsk oblast, based on the Random Forest Regressor machine learning model. It was trained with the materials on wildfires occurred in Perm krai in 2010–2022. Publicly available datasets characterizing forest cover, climate, terrain and the degree of anthropogenic impact on the territory were used as predictors. The most important among them are the distribution of pine forests, bogs (positive correlation), and elevation (negative correlation). For the territory of Perm krai, we found a good accordance of predicted hazard to observed spatial distribution of forest fires and the corresponding losses. The data for Sverdlovsk oblast were used as an independent sample, and here the same above mentioned correlation was also revealed. Over 60 % of the occasions and their area fall into the territories with high estimated fire hazard. The created maps can be used along with weather indices to improve operational forecasting of wildfires
Parallel calculation of flow directions on hexagonal discrete global grid systems
Authors: Shurygina A.A. , Samsonov T.E. , Lurie I.K.
Published: December 2024

Global small-scale hydrological modeling datasets are in demand in many geosciences. The results of corresponding simulations include flow directions, catchment area, watershed delineation and stream networks. Regardless of the method of obtaining global product, one will face the task of processing at least continent-scale datasets, which may be time-consuming or hardware-expensive. The recent research on hydrological modeling shows that calculations performed on a hexagonal mesh grid outperformed those on a rectangular one. Therefore, there is increasing interest in globalscale hydrological simulations on hexagonal grids. Discrete global grid systems (DGGS) which are spatial reference systems that use a hierarchy of equal area tessellations to partition the surface of the spherical Earth into grid cells; it seems to be an efficient way to manage big geospatial data. There are studies where hydrological algorithms are successfully applied on hexagonal DGGS, although locally. This research presents an algorithm for parallel computation of flow directions and upslope area on the hexagonal DGGS using the example of the African hydrological system. Referring to the hierarchical nature of DGGS, we cut the study area into tiles along the cells’ boundaries of one of the small-scale levels. Hydrological modeling is then performed on the desired level child cells of each tile. Afterwards the results are stitched into a single coverage. This study is practical not only for hydrological analysis, but also for combining the results of raster algebra analysis in any other areas
The new version of the Law on Land use planning, its role and place in the regulation of land use and in the system of Earth sciences
Authors: Papaskiri T.V. , Lipski S.A.
Published: December 2024

Currently, land use planning is at the fork of its further development. Moreover, in the next year or two, depending on how the federal legislator will arrive, this issue will be resolved, which will inevitably affect related areas. The authors consider the key factors determining (to one degree or another) certain vectors of land use planning development for different stages, the progress of work on the new edition of the relevant law, as well as the approaches of the State University of Land Use Planning to solving this issue. It is pointed out that delaying the adoption of this new version may cause aggravation of a number of problems with agricultural land use, including difficulties in implementing the State Program to involve abandoned land in household turnover, as well as allocation of unclaimed land shares to plots with subsequent cadastral registration, which are invalid in 2025
APPROACHING ALOPECIA TREATMENT VIA POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
Authors: Dos Santos David Ribeiro Gabriela , Da Silva Rocha Anne Caroline , Rodrigues de Menezes Lívia
Published: December 2024

Hair loss is a reality that plagues many people. One of the most common causes of hair loss today is androgenic alopecia, which is a progressive miniaturization of the follicle. After the COVID-19 pandemic, cases of alopecia had a sharp increase in the number of registered cases, indicating that an infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus possibly stimulated a hair loss due to the stress caused by the infection, modified in the immune system and there were micro thrombi in the region of the hair follicle. There are some medicines in the markets that are well protected with drugs of international knowledge, such as minoxidil, finasteride and spirinolactone, which are already used for the treatment of alopecia. However, these drugs have difficulties in reaching the hair follicles, therefore, the delivery of drugs in polymeric nanoparticles demonstrated a promising strategy, with greater efficiency in the vectorization of these assets into the interior of the hair follicles, thus promoting greater efficiency. in the treatment of the pathology in question.
EU VEJO O FUTURE-SE REPETIR O PASSADO
Authors: Coelho Argüelles da Costa Regis Eduardo
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o Programa Future-se a partir da análise da estrutura e dos intelectuais orgânicos que compuseram a Secretaria de Educação Superior do Ministério da Educação no período de 2015 a 2020. Fez-se uso das reflexões de Antonio Gramsci sobre o Estado no capitalismo, tais como o problema da hegemonia, e o papel de mediação política dos sujeitos coletivos e dos intelectuais orgânicos na sociedade civil e política. Os resultados apontaram que vários dos eixos fundamentais do Future-se já se encontravam contemplados em gestões anteriores. Como conclusão, sugere-se que tais características indicam um curto-circuito provocado pelo Golpe de 2016 e a posterior ascensão de um governo ultraliberal de extrema-direita, que potencializou a proposição de um projeto nos moldes do Future-se.
SISTEMA MONETÁRIO BRASILEIRO E SEU ENSINO PARA O ALUNO SURDO
Authors: Souza de Souza Magda Josieli , Grutzmann Thais Philipsen
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o que já se tem produzido sobre o ensino do Sistema Monetário Brasileiro para alunos surdos do Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi realizada na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), em maio de 2023, usando termos específicos, como “surdez”, “dinheiro”, “Sistema Monetário”, “Educação Financeira”, “Matemática” e “Anos Iniciais”. Os dados selecionados para a análise seguiram o proposto na metodologia de Morosini, Kohls-Santos e Bittencourt (2021). Os resultados desta investigação foram organizados a partir de duas categorias: Material Concreto e Enunciados de Problemas. Os resultados mostram que a visualidade é fundamental no processo de ensino e aprendizagem do sujeito surdo, a partir de sua língua que é visual, a Libras, aliada ao uso de materiais concretos e à apresentação dos enunciados dos problemas matemáticos de diferentes formas em sua representação, auxilia no processo de compreensão e aprendizagem.
O DESVELAMENTO DA PRÁXIS FREIREANA A PARTIR DE RETALHOS
Authors: Bezerra Cavalcante Maria Rosinira , Pinto Ribeiro Marcos Antonio
Published: December 2024

Esta pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter documental, sistematiza a proposta de Educação contextualizada para a Convivência com o Semiárido (ECCSA) em Tamboril, Ceará, utilizando a análise de conteúdo. Para tanto, objetiva compreender se há elementos da práxis freireana, de uma educação emancipatória, ou seja, se esse processo educativo propõe ações pedagógicas com currículo imbricado nas vivências, saberes e cultura locais. Assim, parte da seguinte questão: há evidências de práxis, cujo currículo se insere nas vivências e saberes locais, direcionadas para uma educação emancipatória e freireana? Por meio do confronto com a literatura, surgiu a categoria: paradoxos entre os interesses, a práxis libertadora se consolida. Os resultados revelaram paradoxos de interesses no processo, isto é, de um lado, o técnico, evidenciado pela Secretaria de Educação, do outro, os coletivos populares, consubstanciando uma educação em mutirão, pautada no currículo local, dialogante e, portanto, emancipatória e freireana.
A evolução de paradigmas nas investigações de ocorrências aeronáuticas
Authors: Santos Prado Adalberto , Hadmann Jasper Flavio Neri
Published: December 2024

With the advancement of aeronautical sciences, new theories about air accident investigation became necessary to explain and promote the prevention of these occurrences. The theories that seek to explain the processes involved in aircraft accidents suffered developments, according to the different situations and development of aviation at different times, but there was not a total break. Heinrich (1931) published a theory concerned with the existence of an unsafe action next to the accident that should be prevented so that damage does not occur. This thought was represented by the domino`s model and was very important in the emergence of the following theories. Reason (1997) developed the theory of multiple causes, represented by the Swiss cheese model. According to this theory, in organizations there are latent conditions that act on the vulnerabilities of the defenses and, when aligned and attached to an active fault, cause the accident. As a result of the evolution of paradigms in the aviation occurrences investigations, the organizational aspects are considered in the investigation process and the prevention of aircraft accidents programs, as well as the identification of danger or threat. This concept underlies the management of risk, keeping it within an acceptable level compatible with the development of air activity. These developments paradigms in flight safety processes were analyzed in the light of the Kuhn (1991) theory about revolution of sciences, through consultation of the scientific articles, books and dictionaries.
Editorial: Themes and challenges in contemporary financial research
Authors: Ballestra Luca Vincenzo
Published: December 2024

This issue of Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets & Institutions brings together a diverse set of papers that tackle these contemporary challenges, offering innovative insights into financial performance, risk governance, sustainability, and market efficiency. The authors collectively provide valuable contributions to understanding the evolving dynamics of finance, particularly in the context of emerging markets, digital transformation, and sustainable practices.
Assessment of Mental Health Problems of School Children Using Self Report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Authors: Chhetri Uma Maharjan , Lamichhane Anita , Pokhrel Shami , Sharma Bhaskkar
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Psychological disorders among children and adolescents are the least discussed health problems in pediatrics. There is limited data on the prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents in low-income countries like Nepal. This study intended to find the prevalence of mental health problems among school children in a secondary school in western Nepal. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, students of grades six to eleven of two private schools of a district in Nepal were randomly selected. The self-rated version of Goodmanâ€™s Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire were used to assess mental health problem in these adolescents. Outcomes were measured in a scale of zero to 10 for each of emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer problem and pro-social behavior. Difficulty scale and its impact on life were also measured. Results: Out of 902 students, 5% (n=49) had significant and 14% (n=127) had probable mental health problem. Peer problems was the commonest (25%) followed by emotional (15%) and conduct problem (15%) and hyperactivity and pro-social problems were seen in 7% each. Boys had more mental health problem than girls except emotional problem. Mental health problem was more common in lower grade or younger age students. Its impact on life were 0-7.4%. Abnormal internalizing and externalizing problems were reported in 20% and 11% respectively. Conclusion: Mental health problem was prevalent (5 to 25%) in secondary school children. Screening school children for the same would be beneficial for early diagnosis.
A Study on Electroencephalography Findings of Patients Visiting the Psychiatric Clinic: An Experience at A Tertiary Care Center in Western Nepal
Authors: Sharma Bhaskkar , Shrestha Rajesh , Lamichhane Ram Prasad
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of brainâ€™s spontaneous electrical activity over a period of time (20-40 minutes) recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. It is used in seizure disorder, organicity, and psychiatric conditions. There is a paucity of literature with regard to the application of EEG in various conditions in our setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, where data of the patients who visited the EEG section of psychiatric clinic from September 15, 2019 to July 14, 2020 were collected retrospectively. The demographic details, EEG details, and the clinical details were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 110 patients underwent EEG during the study period. Of them, 61 (55.45%) had normal EEG. Among the patients with normal EEG, 60 (98.36%) had clinical history suggestive of seizure disorder. Of the rest 49 (44.55%) patients with abnormal EEG, 48 (97.96%) had history of seizure. Majority patients referred for EEG fell in the prime of their life (1-30yrs). Almost all (98.2%) patients with the history of seizure were taking anti-epileptic drugs. Conclusion: EEG is a common investigation done in psychiatric clinic. Nearly half of the patients with seizure disorders will have an abnormal EEG.
Pregnant Womenâ€™s Mental Health Status and its Related Factors Amidst COVID-19: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Thapa Pratima , Dhakal Binita , Shrestha Upasana , Adhikari Srijana Gautam , Shrestha Sunayana
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Since the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, it has challenged the psychological aspect of everyone. Pregnant women being the vulnerable group are most likely to be at increased risk. This study aimed to assess the mental health status of the pregnant women residing in Nepal during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional online study was carried out among 368 pregnant women during lockdown using Perceived stress scale-10, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and Edinburg Perinatal Depression Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27.06Â±4.64years. Getting infected with the virus (71.7%) was the major fear and inadequate antenatal checkup (61.1%) was the major effect experienced by the participants. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression was 41%, 28.5% and 33.2% respectively. Age, salary status of oneself and their husband, healthcare frontliner in the family and effect of social distancing were significantly associated with perceived stress. Age, education, employment, monthly income, trimester and effect of social distancing were significantly associated with anxiety. Salary status of husband, trimester, parity, being infected with COVID-19 and effect of social distancing were associated with depression. Conclusion: High prevalence of mental health disorders during COVID-19 outbreak suggests the importance of special attention on monitoring the maternal mental health status during such public health emergencies. Measures such as awareness program targeted to pregnant women and health education programs on how to cope during the pandemic situations should be made effective to rule down the mental health burden of COVID-19.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Enterococcus Species Isolated From Various Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Center in Western Nepal
Authors: Pal Anjila , Mahawal Bhim  Singh
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Enterococcus species are Gram-positive oval cocci arranged in pairs or short chains. They are found as gut microbiota of adults, but from the last decade, they are emerging as causative agents of various nosocomial infections throughout the world. High level aminoglycoside resistance and vancomycin resistance are being increasingly reported from different parts of the world thus limiting the therapeutic options for the treatment of enterococcal infections. The objective of our study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Enterococcus species isolated from various clinical specimens in Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Palpa. Methods: All the clinical samples were cultured and enterococci isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity, high level gentamicin resistance and vancomycin resistance by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Among the 90 isolated Enterococcus spp.maximum isolates were obtained from the age group 21-40 years, most from in-patient department with urine as sample (n=53, 58.89%). The highest antimicrobial susceptibility was recorded for linezolid (90.48%) followed by chloramphenicol (79.71%), nitrofurantoin (76.83%) and then high-level gentamicin (70%). The overall prevalence of high level gentamicin resistance and vancomycin resistant enterococci were 30% and 35.55% respectively. Conclusion: The present findings show a high rate of high-level gentamicin and vancomycin resistant enterococci. Thus, routine surveillance of such resistance pattern should be done every year. Linezolid can be considered as a drug of choice to treat serious enterococcal infections.
Menopausal Symptoms in Premenopausal Women Among the Cohort of Gynecological Patients Attending Outpatient Department of Dhulikhel Hospital.
Authors: Dongol Anjana , Deoju Shreya , Shikharakar Shreeja , Rayamajhi Sushil Jung , Pradhan Noora , Tripathi Priyanka
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Perimenopause is the time when ovaries gradually produce less estrogen. The menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women cause severe disturbance in the womenâ€™s life. This study aimed to identify menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women. Methods: This was a hospital-based descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among 243 women aged between 45 to 55 years. The categorical variables were presented as frequency and percentage. The associations between categorical variables were tested using Chi-square or Fisher exact test. Result: The total prevalence of menopausal symptoms was 91.8%. Physical symptoms were identified to be prevailing symptom(n=184, 75.7%) followed by psychological (n=167, 69.5%). There were 136 (55.5%) women experiencing poor memory and 148 (60.9%) women having genitourinary symptoms. Stress urinary incontinence (n=73, 30.04%) was predominant over urge (n=58, 23.8%), mixed (n=43, 17.6%) and prolapse (n=49, 20.1%) symptoms. Vasomotor symptoms were experienced by123 (50.6%). Excessive sweating (n=114, 46.9%) was leading over hot flush(n=113, 46.5%), night sweat (n=107, 44.03%) and palpitation (n=96, 39.5%).  A total of 114 (46.9%) women were facing sexual symptoms. The common sexual symptom was dyspareunia 68 (27.9%). The Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS) rating of overall symptoms showed women mostly suffer from mild symptoms during the perimenopausal period. Conclusion: Physical symptoms were identified to be predominating followed by psychological, genitourinary, vasomotor, and sexual. However rating of symptoms using MRS showed the majority of symptoms were mild. This study signifies the need to use the tool for the assessment of the severity of menopausal symptoms from the perimenopausal group.
Zwrot cyfrowy? Etnograficzny teren badań w perspektywie post-pandemicznej
Authors: Góralska Magdalena
Published: December 2024

W niniejszym artykule przyglądam się użyciu metod etnograficznych w badaniu tzw. nowych technologii komunikacyjno-informacyjnych, poddając je krytycznej refleksji. Omawiając przemiany antropologii cyfrowej na przestrzeni ostatnich 30 lat, wskazuję najnowsze nurty w dyscyplinie i jej metodach. Na podstawie tej analizy pokazuję jak rosnąca skala ucyfrowienia rzeczywistości społecznej wpływa na redefinicję terenu badań, a poprzez to samych metod badawczych, stanowiących podstawę etnograficznej praktyki badawczej – obserwacji uczestniczącej i wywiadu pogłębionego. Sięgam przy tym do własnych doświadczeń prowadzenia badań etnograficznych w anglojęzycznym i polskojęzycznym Internecie, gdzie badałam społeczności otwartej współpracy, przepływy informacji czy usieciowioną przestrzeń publiczną.
Pre-interest: Aesthetic Disinterest Reworked
Authors: Bjerke Mildrid H. A.
Published: December 2024

This chapter seeks to resolve a deep-seated conceptual worry about the traditional post-Kantian aesthetic formulation of disinterest. It proposes instead the new concept of pre-interest. This concept is arrived at through a consideration of aesthetics, affect, and lines of flight in literary pedagogy within the context of the idea of Bildung in Norwegian teacher education. This notion of pre-interest is conceived as an attempted fortification against instrumentalised logics which increasingly encroach upon education. I propose an analogy between the disinterested aesthetic and the unpredictable, self-effacing, and transformative nature of affect, which seeks to return the reader to the text in less targeted and more open-minded ways. Indeed, pre-interest is precisely pre-interested. It borrows from affect theory the idea of embodied, pre-personal, pre-cognitive, pre-emotional, and pre-verbal sensory experience. In so doing, the chapter seeks to map out a way to discuss an aesthetics which retains unpredictability and counters instrumentalised ‘teaching to the test’, but which does not retain the socially exclusive characteristics of the post-Kantian aesthetic tradition.
Tid att bilda – om att (o)möjliggöra en kritisk (lärarut)bildning
Authors: Georgii-Hemming Eva , Moberg Nadia
Published: December 2024

Questioning the frameworks we live by requires analyzing and critiquing arguments – both our own and those of others – and a willingness to take action. In this chapter, we highlight the significance of Bildung, critical thinking, and knowledge in shaping individuals as citizens of society. Our starting point is that Bildung is related to societal development and potential for change, making critical Bildung normative rather than value-neutral. By examining the public debate on teacher education in the Swedish daily press over the past two decades, we explore the participating actors, the expressed opinions, and their implications. Our findings reveal the pervasive influence of neoliberal ideology, which contrasts solutions for a so-called crisis in teacher education with the “fluffy school of the 1990s.” We critically discuss the regulatory measures aimed at detailing teacher education content and equipping future teachers with practical tools and methodologies grounded in cognitive science, with the expectation that these measures will enable future teachers to handle ‘everything’ and ‘everyone’. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the consequences of these perspectives in relation to critical Bildung and power relations.
Med livet som insats – en diskussion om möjligheter för bildning i samtida förskollärarutbildning
Authors: Söderman Alexandra , Söderman Johan
Published: December 2024

The preschool teacher education program was incorporated into the Swedish higher education system following the university reform of 1977, partly to promote social equality. Over time, however, it has become the most homogeneous program within the higher education system, with over ninety percent female students, primarily from non-academic backgrounds. In the hierarchy of teacher education programs, preschool teacher education ranks lowest in terms of status, partly due to low admission scores, limited career paths, and the fact that the program mainly attracts students from lower social backgrounds. At the same time, the seven-semester-long program represents a significant investment for individual students. In this chapter, we argue that the preschool teacher program should place greater emphasis on the Bildung pathways of students. The purpose is to better understand the opportunities for Bildung that the contemporary preschool teacher education may encompass. Following a qualitative tradition, the empirical material consists of two interviews with preschool teacher students at the beginning and end of their education. These interviews are analyzed and discussed from a comprehensive Bildung perspective. The results indicate that (i) a certain femininity, along with interests in fantasy and folk culture, has the potential to open up cultural educational opportunities, but also that (ii) cross-generational experiences hold potential for Bildung. Additionally, the results suggest that (iii) the sometimes indirect path to choosing preschool teacher education represents a life experience that can also serve as a potential educational resource.
Lærerutdanningen som danningsprosess i møte med Den kulturelle skolesekken
Authors: Eri Thomas , Lundh Lise , Myrvold Charlotte Blanche
Published: December 2024

This chapter is a result of an inter-institutional partnership project between the Department of primary and secondary teacher education at Oslo Metropolitan University and Arts for Young Audiences Norway. Resting on theories of art and Vygotsky’s embracement of the psychology of the arts as a starting point for learning, the authors seek to foster a dialogue between the fields of educational psychology and the arts, and discuss the pedagogical possibilities that experiences with professional art open up for student teachers. Our analysis of student teachers’ responses after arts visits by professional artists in their pedagogy classes shows a variety of perceptions related to joy, curiosity and open-mindedness. We argue that such personal experiences form the basis for critical thinking and reflexivity, which in turn stimulates the students’ professional capacity for guiding their future pupils towards openness to arts’ affordances.
«I Norge har vi valgt å fornorske disse ordene»: språkhistorie og språkendring i lærebøker for ungdomstrinnet
Authors: Laake Signe , Eiesland Eli Anne , Vindenes Urd
Published: December 2024

In this study, we look at how two widely used Norwegian textbooks for middle school (Fabel and Kontekst) cover the topic of language history and language change. We are particularly interested in the extent to which external factors such as language contact and political decisions are emphasized versus structural explanations of language change. In addition, we investigate the specific aspects of language that are covered in the textbooks. Language-external explanations are emphasized by both textbooks, and very few language-structural explanations are presented. Most attention is given to vocabulary and lexical changes, mainly loanwords. Finally, we discuss the potential that is present in tying language history, spoken language, and grammar together in Norwegian as a middle school subject.
Stadnamn og språkhistorie
Authors: Berg Ivar
Published: December 2024

People give places names to orient themselves in their physical surroundings, and have always done so. Place names and place-name research are tightly connected to language history; many names are so old that they do not make sense to modern Norwegians, but they can be explained by older language stages. Place names can also be important sources to language history, as they may preserve past linguistic forms otherwise lost, can reveal dialectal divergence through the course of history, and have been the object of language planning in more recent times. People are often interested in place names, their history and etymology. Building on this public interest, place names can also serve as a way to introduce language history to students and pupils. In this chapter, place-name research is introduced as a subdiscipline of linguistics. Furthermore, we look at place names from different times in Norwegian history, what the names themselves tell about history and language change, and what knowledge of the linguistic past we need in order to make sense of them.
Dramatiske muligheter i språkhistoriedidaktikken
Authors: Berge Solveig , Bjellås Petter
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the use of drama as a teaching method through an investigation of practical-didactic opportunities for teaching language history in junior high school. The study aimed to answer two research questions: To what extent can dramatization of key language-historical events help engage students in the subject matter? And to what extent can drama facilitate students’ perception of the historical content as relevant and meaningful, allowing them to identify with the themes?

The researchers based their project on their own classroom experiences, along with theoretical insights from drama pedagogy and didactics in history education. Although drama-based teaching methods are not explicitly encouraged in the current curriculum, the researchers argue that they provide an innovative approach to enhancing students’ motivation and learning experiences.

The study employed action research methodology, combining classroom observations with student logs to gather data. The findings indicate that the use of drama can create an engaging learning process in which students actively participate and explore content through various forms of dramatization. Students reported positive experiences and increased understanding of the historical context, language development, and the relevance of language history in their own lives. However, technical challenges and time constraints during filming were identified as potential limitations.

By actively involving students in the learning process, drama fosters a sense of ownership and creativity, ultimately cultivating a deeper connection with the subject matter.
Introduksjon: Krig i Europa: Hvor betydelig endres europeisk sikkerhetspolitikk?
Authors: Svendsen Øyvind
Published: December 2024

Russlands folkerettsstridige invasjon av Ukraina i 2022 har bidratt til en ny og forverret sikkerhetssituasjon i Europa. De fleste land i Europa har støttet Ukraina i krigen mot Russland, men hvor omfattende er de bredere endringene i europeiske land og aktørers forsvars- og sikkerhetspolitikk? I dette fokusnummeret byr bidragsyterne på inngående analyser av en rekke aktører: Danmark, Frankrike, Tyskland, Polen og Europakommisjonen. Det er noe variasjon på tvers de ulike analysene, men et hovedfunn er at endringene europeisk forsvars- og sikkerhetspolitikk er mer fundamentale enn som respons på krigen i Ukraina alene.
Abstract in English:Introduction: How Significantly Is European Security and Defence Policies Changing After Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine?Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has contributed to a new and deteriorating security environment in Europe. Most countries in Europe have supported Ukraine in its defence against Russian aggression, but how significant are the broader changes in the defense and security policies of European states and actors? In this special issue, the contributors offer in-depth analyses of a number of actors: Denmark, France, Germany, Poland and the European Commission. There is some variation across the different analyses, but a main finding is that the changes in European defense and security policy are more fundamental than in response to the war in Ukraine alone.