bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspirin Improves Uterine Artery Function in Hypercholesterolemic Preeclampsia
Authors: de Oliveira Amanda A. , Spaans Floor , Graton Murilo E. , Stokes Angie , Kirschenman Raven , Quon Anita , Cooke Christy-Lynn M. , Davidge Sandra T.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Excessive hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy increases the risk of preeclampsia, though the mechanisms remain unclear. We recently showed that uterine artery function is impaired in hypercholesterolemia-preeclampsia via activation of the TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4)/PGHS1 (prostaglandin H synthase 1) pathway. Low-dose aspirin lowers preeclampsia risk in high-risk pregnancies by inhibiting PGHS1, but its effects in hypercholesterolemia-preeclampsia pregnancies are not known. Moreover, oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels rise in hypercholesterolemia-preeclampsia, potentially activating TLR4 and LOX-1 (lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1; scavenger receptor linked to vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia). However, whether this occurs in hypercholesterolemia-preeclampsia is not known.

METHODS:

Sprague Dawley rats received a control or high-cholesterol diet (to induce hypercholesterolemia-preeclampsia) from gestational day 6 to 20, with placebo or low-dose aspirin (1.5 mg/daily) given from gestational day 10 to 20. On gestational day 20, pregnancy outcomes and uterine artery function were assessed.

RESULTS:

Uterine artery blood flow velocity and placental weights were higher in hypercholesterolemia-preeclampsia placebo-treated dams versus controls, but these were reduced by low-dose aspirin. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was impaired in the uterine arteries of the hypercholesterolemia-preeclampsia placebo group versus controls and was corrected by low-dose aspirin. Ex vivo inhibition of TLR4, PGHS1, or LOX-1 also normalized endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the hypercholesterolemia-preeclampsia placebo-treated dams. Exposure to oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the bath (modeling a secondary hit) further impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the uterine arteries of the hypercholesterolemia-preeclampsia placebo group, partially via TLR4 and LOX-1, which was prevented by low-dose aspirin.

CONCLUSIONS:

Low-dose aspirin improved uterine artery endothelial function in hypercholesterolemia-preeclampsia pregnancies; likely by suppressing the TLR4/LOX-1/PGHS1 pathway.
Two new species, nomenclatural notes and an updated checklist in Lepanthes (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae) from Mexico
Authors: SOLANO RODOLFO , LICONA ETHIAN , CARRAL RODRIGO , TÉLLEZ-BAÑOS BRUNO
Published: February 2025

Two new orchid species from Mexico are described and illustrated here: Lepanthes luicitae, from the mountains of northern Oaxaca, and Lepanthes salvaterrae, from central Veracruz. Lepanthes luicitae is similar to L. thurstoniorum from which differs by its flexuous rachis (vs. zigzag), dorsal sepal as wide as the lateral ones (vs. lateral sepals almost 2/3 the width of the dorsal one), lateral sepals obliquely ovate and diverging from each other towards their apices (vs. obliquely triangular-ovate and subparallel to each other towards their apices), and petals forming butterfly wing-like blades (vs. forming oblong and oblique blades). Meanwhile, L. salvaterrae is similar to L. gabriellae but differs in having a peduncle shorter than the leaf (vs. equal or longer than the leaf), orbicular to orbicular-elliptic leaves (vs. narrowly elliptic), marginally glabrous sepals (vs. with reddish cilia), and petals with upper and lower lobes different in shape and size (vs. similar to each other). Lepanthes acuminata subsp. ernestii, is elevated to specific status, and it is reported for the first time for the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Veracruz, and for Guatemala. Meanwhile, L. machorroi and L. papilionacea are reported as new records for the flora of Veracruz. The richness of Lepanthes in Mexico has increased to 68 species, 39 of which have a distribution restricted to the country. Finally, an updated checklist, including accepted and synonym names for Lepanthes of Mexico, is present here.
Osiemnastowieczny litewski przekład książki „Historya bardzo piękna” autorstwa Kiprijonasa Lukauskasa
Authors: Pajėdienė Jūratė
Published: February 2025

Kiprijonas Lukauskas’s Eighteenth-Century Lithuanian Translation of Historya bardzo piękna
This article compares two groups of texts included in a collection of manuscripts by Kiprijonas Lukauskas (1797) with their Polish original. The texts in question are Historia łabay grazi [The Great Story] and Priedotkas isz Knigu Mundribes Jezusa Sunaus Syrach, kuri wadinam Ecclesiasticus [Appendix from the Book of Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach, called Ecclesiasticus]. The original is an anonymously published eighteenth-century book which is considered to be a later version of Historya barzo cudna [The Marvellous Story] by Krzysztof Pussman (1551). The book contains the apocryphal biblical story Historya bardzo piękna [The Great Story] and a collection of biblical proverbs: Przydatek z Ksiąg Mądrości Jezusa, syna Syrachowego, ktore zowią Ecclesiasticus [Appendix from…]. The analysis indicates that Lukauskas’s translation is closest to the fourth eighteenth-century edition of this book.
 
Osiemnastowieczny litewski przekład książki Historya bardzo piękna autorstwa Kiprijonasa Lukauskasa
W artykule porównano dwie grupy tekstów – Historia łabay grazi oraz Priedotkas isz Knigu Mundribes Jezusa Sunaus Syrach, kuri wadinam Ecclesiasticus, które znalazły się w zbiorze rękopisów Kiprijonasa Lukauskasa (Cypriana Łukawskiego) z 1797 roku – z polskim oryginałem, którym jest wydana w XVIII wieku anonimowa książka będąca kolejną wersją Historii barzo cudnej (1551) Krzysztofa Pussmana. Książka zawiera apokryficzną opowieść biblijną Historya bardzo piękna oraz zbiór przysłów biblijnych Przydatek z Ksiąg Mądrości Jezusa, syna Syrachowego, ktore zowią Ecclesiasticus. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że przekład Lukauskasa jest najbardziej zbliżony do czwartego osiemnastowiecznego wydania tej książki.
Emotional Intelligence, Mental Health, and Well-Being Outcomes in the Unemployed: The Moderating Role of Age
Authors: Gómez-Hombrados Jorge , Extremera Natalio
Published: February 2025

The main goal of this study was to examine the moderating role of age in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and mental health indicators among unemployed individuals. A sample of 401 unemployed participants were evaluated per EI, depressive symptoms, and happiness. Moderation analyses showed that age moderated the relationship between EI and depressive symptoms after controlling for gender and length of unemployment, showing a stronger association among the younger participants with lower EI scores. However, this pattern was not found for happiness. These findings address knowledge gaps regarding age–EI interactions within mental health contexts and age’s moderating effect on unemployment. Also, the importance of developing targeted EI training interventions to mitigate the negative mental health effects of unemployment is highlighted, especially among vulnerable demographic groups like the young unemployed.
Central Asian migrants at the US-Mexico border: An exploration of causes
Authors: Hashimova Umida
Published: February 2025

Migrants from as far as Central Asia have been apprehended at the US-Mexico border often claiming asylum. This research note indicates that the sudden surge of Central Asian asylum seekers in 2021 and 2022—which reached historic highs at the US-Mexico border—most likely consists largely of economic migrants with access to the financial means and information required for this journey. I have attributed the causes of migration to several pull factors. First, the overall US employment growth, low unemployment rates, and availability of well-paid jobs in the United States of America (USA) even for low-skilled workers have increased people’s aspirations to earn high salaries in a short period of time. Second, the proliferation of multinational migrant smuggling networks now includes Russian-speaking communities. Third, the changes in immigration policy, first, during the Trump administration, allowed an unlimited number of attempts to cross the border without penalty, and the Biden administration increased apprehensions with the consequent release of migrants after a short time in custody.
2023 International Academy of Toxicologic Pathology (IATP) Satellite Symposium: “Medical Device Safety Assessment: Pathology and Toxicology Perspective”
Authors: Wegener Flora , Alves Antoine , Bussmeyer Uta , Soucy Nicole V.
Published: February 2025

Medical devices represent a complex category of medicinal products with varying definitions depending on the regional jurisdiction of regulatory agencies. A common aspect of these definitions is that a medical device is intended to be used for specific medicinal purpose where the primary intended action of the device is not achieved through pharmacologic (or other chemical) means. While regional regulatory frameworks for medical devices are different than for pharmaceutical or biological products, medical device manufacturers are required to evaluate the safety and performance of these products in the context of their intended use. In biological safety evaluation, histopathology plays a relevant role in assessing medical device biocompatibility. This manuscript provides a broad overview of biocompatibility assessment with a deeper look at the role of the toxicologic pathologist in assessing innovative and emerging bone therapies. The content of this manuscript is based on individual presentations delivered at the 2023 International Academy of Toxicologic Pathology (IATP) Satellite Symposium held in conjunction with the Annual Congress of the European Society of Toxicologic Pathology (ESTP) on 26 September, in Basel, Switzerland.
Enhancing mechanical engineering education through augmented reality: A case study on mechanism and machine theory
Authors: Pàmies-Vilà Rosa , Puig-Ortiz Joan , Jordi Nebot Lluïsa
Published: February 2025

The study of mechanical engineering disciplines necessitates advanced spatial visualization skills to accurately comprehend the kinematic and dynamic behavior of mechanisms. This paper presents an innovative Augmented Reality (AR) application developed to specifically enhance the teaching of Mechanism and Machine Theory. Unlike traditional physical models, this Unity-based AR tool offers cost-effective, accessible 3D visualizations of mechanical systems on mobile devices. The application's effectiveness was demonstrated through positive faculty and student feedback, showing improved conceptual understanding and learning flexibility. This work contributes to advancing spatial visualization skills in mechanical engineering education through cutting-edge technology.
Meta-analysis of EGFR gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk
Authors: Fakhkhari Meryem , Salih Ikram , Errafii Khaoula , Hamdi Salsabil , Sadki Khalid
Published: February 2025

Objective:

This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the associations of four specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)—rs712829, rs712830, rs11568315, and rs884225—located in the promoter, intronic, and 3’ untranslated regions (3’UTR) of the EGFR gene, with lung cancer risk.

Introduction:

The associations between EGFR gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk is a topic of ongoing debate, which is still deemed controversial. Despite numerous studies, results are inconsistent.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive literature search across the PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant case-control studies examining the association between EGFR gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk.

Results:

From an initial pool of 26,959 articles, 10 case-control studies were included, involving 2471 lung cancer patients and 4489 controls. A significant association between rs712829 and increased lung cancer risk was found across multiple genetic models. Under the allelic contrast model (G vs T), the OR was 1.31 (95% CI = [1.02; 1.68], p < 0.05), the dominant model (GG + GT vs TT) showed an OR of 1.69 (95% CI = [1.07; 2.67], p < 0.05), the homozygote model (GG vs TT) yielded an OR of 1.70 (95% CI = [1.00; 2.88], p < 0.05), and the heterozygote model (GT vs TT) had an OR of 1.64 (95% CI = [1.01; 2.66], p < 0.05). No significant associations were found for rs11568315, rs712830, and rs884225.

Conclusion:

The findings from the current meta-analysis confirm that rs712829 within the EGFR gene is significantly associated with lung cancer risk according to the allele, dominant, homozygote and heterozygote models.
Melatonin alleviates oral epithelial cell inflammation via Keap1/Nrf2 signaling
Authors: Zhang Nan , Wang Wenjing , Zhang Rongxia , Liu Yaxuan , Wang Yamei , Bai Yang , Li Chencong
Published: February 2025

Background:

Oral mucosal diseases manifest primarily as inflammatory conditions. These diseases affect approximately half a billion people worldwide.

Objective:

Novel and effective strategies for treating inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa have great potential for improving patient outcomes, and warrant study.

Methods:

The impact of melatonin on inflammation was investigated using RAW264.7 macrophages and HOEC and HSC-3 oral epithelial cells.

Results:

Melatonin decreased macrophage-induced inflammation by acting through the melatonin receptor MTNR1A. Additionally, melatonin mitigated macrophage-induced inflammation in oral epithelial cells. Importantly, the results demonstrated that the effects of melatonin on oral epithelial inflammation were mediated through the KEAP1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

These findings will contribute to the development of innovative therapies for inflammatory conditions affecting the oral epithelium.
Study on frequency-dependent complex permittivity of GNPs/polymer nanocomposites with poor dispersion phenomenon
Authors: Xu Kun , Cheng Yuanjie , Qian Xiaomei
Published: February 2025

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)/polymer nanocomposites have received great interests in multi-function composite structures due to their excellent performances, such as the dielectric permittivity, the mechanical properties, etc. The non-uniform distribution configuration of GNPs within the polymer matrix, also known as the poor dispersion phenomenon, is still considered to be unavoidable and plays an important role in determining the performances of the nanocomposites. However, the available theoretical models on predicting the dielectric permittivity of the nanocomposites seldom consider the poor dispersion phenomenon of GNPs. Firstly, this study develops a non-uniformly distributed model characterizing the poor dispersion features of GNPs. Then a multi-scale theoretical model for predicting the complex dielectric permittivity of the nanocomposites is proposed by combining the frequency-dependent analysis theory and the effective-medium approximation theory. To verify the effectiveness of the presented theoretical model, the complex dielectric permittivity of GNPs/Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites are analyzed and good agreement is obtained between the predicted values and the available experimental results. Discussion shows that the poor dispersion phenomenon of GNPs obviously affects the complex permittivity of nanocomposites. The study provides a highly efficient theoretical method and contributes to conducting the optimization design of the frequency-dependent complex permittivity of GNPs/polymer nanocomposites.
Design and analysis of a novel reconfigurable parallel mechanism with three motion modes
Authors: Xie Yiqing , Lu Shiqing , Bao Shanxin , Yuan Zhanpeng , Lei Yiyuan , Ding Jun
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a gear-driven switching device for the 2RPS-UPU parallel mechanism, utilizing the correlation between constrained screws generated by branch chain to achieve mechanism reconfiguration, thereby obtaining a reconfigurable parallel mechanism capable of three motion modes: 2R1T, 2R1T, and 2R2T. The study meticulously delineates the conditions required for reconfiguration and the specific process involved. Evolving from three initial motion mode configurations, nine novel mechanism configurations have been successfully derived. Employing screw theory, the degrees of freedom for these initial motion mode configurations are rigorously analyzed and validated. Furthermore, inverse kinematic equations and Jacobian matrices for the three modes are constructed, enabling an in-depth investigation of key performance indicators such as motion capability, workspace, singularity, dexterity, and stiffness. A single-variable approach is adopted to analyze the influence of multiple structural parameters on different performance indicators. The results demonstrate that the proposed reconfigurable parallel mechanism possesses robust performance, allowing for active switching between various motion modes without the need for reassembly. Finally, a potential practical application is presented, laying the foundational principles for the subsequent prototype design and manufacturing.
An improved genetic algorithm with wavelet packet and low-pass filters for reducing pressure and flow pulsations in axial piston motors
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Li Fenglei , Zhu Yanzhen , Yang Liang , Ma Mingyuan , Qu Shengguan
Published: February 2025

Piston motors are crucial actuators in hydraulic systems, known for their high torque, precision, and stability. However, noise and vibration caused by pressure and flow pulsations limit the operating performance. To address this issue, a mechanical-hydraulic model was developed in AMESim, and the flow area model for the valve plate was optimized.Experimental validation confirmed the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of optimization. It was found that the position ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and shape parameters ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) of the damping grooves of the flow distribution plate significantly affect pulsation. A new pulsation evaluation algorithm using wavelet packet decomposition and low-pass filtering was proposed. An improved adaptive genetic algorithm implemented in MATLAB was then used alongside the AMESim model to optimize these parameters. The optimal results demonstrated a 17.02% reduction in pressure pulsation and a 74.09% reduction in flow pulsation in the simulation compared to the experimental motor.
An approach to characterize the structural stability of inertial instrument subjected to vibration hybridizing frequency- and time-domain analysis
Authors: Long Danfeng , Hu Juanrui , Jiang Xiaoyi , Si Weizheng , Zhang Huawei , Xia Huanxiong
Published: February 2025

The gyroscope is a pivotal component of inertial navigation systems. Its centroid shift, which is strongly influenced by vibration, may lead to significant drift errors. However, there was no an approach to evaluate the vibration resistance of the structure because the nanoscale centroid shift is not possible to measure, and difficult to compute through finite element method (FEM) due to various nonlinearity. Therefore, a novel approach that combines time- and frequency-domain analysis was developed in this study to decouple the dynamic effect and the hysteresis effect. This involves a random vibration analysis to derive the power spectral density (PSD) of the motor center displacement. Subsequently, the expectation of the maximum dimensionless amplitude is calculated and a displacement history curve is constructed for the motor center, facilitating a translation from frequency domain to time domain. Finally, the motor center is reciprocally pushed according to the constructed displacement history in a static analysis, yielding the residual displacement of the motor center. The stable value of the residual displacement serves as a key indicator of the vibration resistance. Analysis of random vibration and reciprocal push were performed for a prototype and compared with experimental results to validate the proposed approach, which was then applied to a gyroscope, enabling a quantitative evaluation of its vibration resistance.
Mapping of Women’s Representation in Corporate Governance: A Bibliometric Review Analysis
Authors: M. Johnpaul
Published: February 2025

The scholarly literature on gender diversity on corporate boards is examined through a bibliometric examination of women’s representation in corporate governance (CG). This research reviews pertinent literature, concentrating on works that investigate different facets of women’s involvement, functions and effects in CG frameworks worldwide. In order to assess trends, major topics and the effects of gender diversity on corporate performance and governance structures, this study examines 390 publications from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. To find trends in publication production, authorship patterns and citation impact over a certain time period, the analysis makes use of R-Studio, Biblioshiny and VOSviewer tools. The findings show that the topic is receiving more attention, and contributions are coming from a range of disciplinary perspectives. Despite their small presence in the area, the analysis revealed a large quantity of research on women’s involvement in CG. The research consistently shows that gender diversity and economic performance are positively correlated. It also highlights growing conversations about gender equity in corporate leadership and provides insight into future research directions that aim to advance greater equality and inclusivity in CG frameworks and sustainability in contemporary business environments.
Exploring the use of mindfulness for prevention of burnout in allied health professionals in Singapore
Authors: Yap Shun Hwa , Zainal Liyana Nabilah Bte , Yusoff Siti Zubaidah Binte , Tan Xiang Ren
Published: February 2025

Background

Burnout is becoming increasingly prevalent among healthcare professionals where it impacts quality of care and staff turnover, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. One promising strategy to reduce burnout is the use of mindfulness-based programs, which may aid allied health professionals (AHPs).

Objective

To explore the usefulness of a 10-week mindfulness program on reducing burnout symptoms in AHPs in Singapore, as well as to identify AHPs’ attitudes and perceptions towards adopting mindfulness in practice.

Methods

In this mixed methods study, a purposive sample (n = 8) of physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and therapy assistants were recruited. Participants underwent a mindfulness program, comprising 5 face-to-face sessions every other week for 10 weeks. Quantitative data were collected at pre- and post-intervention stages using a survey on participant characteristics and the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel to assess burnout symptoms. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews.

Results

There was a decrease in emotional exhaustion scores (34.50 to 25.50, p = 0.012) while depersonalization (p = 0.107) and personal accomplishment (p = 0.062) scores showed no significant changes. Qualitative benefits reported include increased introspection, improved emotional regulation and communication, and fostering of supportive workplace culture. Advocacy from superiors and the perceived effectiveness of mindfulness techniques can facilitate the adoption of the mindfulness program.

Conclusion

A 10-week mindfulness program reduced burnout symptoms, specifically emotional exhaustion, among AHPs. Future studies should explore the application of the program within a larger participant sample to develop an optimal model for feasible and pragmatic adoption within the clinical setting.
Using Serious Games for Learning Business Ethics: Exploring Its Socio-technical Enablers and Cross-cultural Influences
Authors: Siala Haytham , Tajvidi Mina , Wang Yichuan , Hajli Nick , Richard Marie-Odile , Brannan Matthew
Published: February 2025

This article investigates the impact of socio-technical and cultural factors on business management students’ learning of ethical skills in a serious gaming environment. A survey study ( n = 302) was conducted with participants from two British universities. SEM (structural equation modeling) was used to test the empirical model, and the results of this study show that technical enablers and social enablers impact learners’ performance and perception of serious games as pedagogically effective learning tools. Additionally, we observe cultural differences in learners’ conative behavior toward serious games when learners are drawn from Anglo and Confucian cultures, high-performance and low-performance orientation cultures, and emotionally oriented shame and guilt cultures. By applying and extending the socio-technical theory of information systems to a serious gaming environment, this article has identified some key social-technical and cultural enablers that can influence and facilitate the adoption of serious games as an effective practice-based learning or training instrument.
Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and focal vibration in older adults with osteoarthritis after total knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial study
Authors: Markopoulos Nikolaos , Apostolou Thomas , Kallistratos Ilias , Lytras Dimitrios , Iakovidis Paris
Published: February 2025

Background

Postoperative balance disorders in older adults after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to osteoarthritis are commonly attributed to proprioceptive joint deficits. Both Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Focal Vibration (FV) can improve balance and proprioception.

Aim

To examine the combination of a PNF exercise program and quadriceps tendon FV in older adults after TKA due to osteoarthritis.

Methods

Ninety older adults who underwent TKA were randomly assigned to three groups of 30. The PNF Group followed a 6-week PNF exercise program starting four weeks post-surgery. The PNF + FV Group followed the same PNF program combined with FV applied to the rectus femoris and vastus medialis. The control group received instructions for a home-based exercise program. Pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale; NPRS), knee range of motion (ROM), functional ability (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, KOOS), joint position sense (JPS), postural sway (force platform), and balance (Timed Up-and-Go; TUG test, Berg Balance Scale; BBS) were evaluated at baseline, six weeks, and six months post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA analysis was applied with significance set at p < .05.

Results

The PNF + FV group showed significant improvements compared to the control group in NPRS, KOOS, TUG, BBS, displacement parameters, and absolute error scores (p < .05). The PNF + FV group showed earlier improvements compared to the PNF group, indicating faster adjustments due to the combined effect of PNF and FV. Additionally, the PNF + FV group showed greater improvement in TUG, BBS, KOOS sport, anterior-posterior displacement distance, and absolute error scores at 25° compared to the PNF group (p < .05). PNF exercises improved knee ROM (p < .05) with no additional effect from FV.

Conclusions

A 6-week protocol combining PNF exercises and FV significantly improved balance, knee joint position sense, knee functional ability, and pain intensity in older adults after TKA due to osteoarthritis. These findings suggest faster and more effective rehabilitation, potentially reducing postoperative disorders and future injury risks. Further research is needed to investigate the combination of FV and PNF.
Biomechanical characteristics and neuromuscular action control mechanism of single-dual-task walking-conversion training in stroke patients
Authors: Sheng Yilan , Han Jia
Published: February 2025

Background and purpose

This study aimed to explore the biomechanical characteristics of patients with stroke and neuromuscular action control mechanisms in single-dual-task walking-conversion training.

Materials and methods

Patients with stroke from four centers were enrolled and randomly divided into the cognitive combined treadmill-walking and exercise combined treadmill-walking groups (n = 30 per group). The gait spatiotemporal parameters, walking function, and fall risk of the two experimental groups were compared before and after 4 and 6 weeks of training. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were performed to analyze neuromuscular action control mechanisms in different task phases.

Results

After 6 weeks of training, the gait spatiotemporal parameters, walking function, integral electromyogram (iEMG) values, and root mean square (RMS) of the affected lower limb muscles of the two experimental groups significantly improved ( P < 0.01), while the fall risk was reduced ( P < 0.01). fNIRS analysis showed that in both the single- and dual-task phases, HbO signal concentrations in the brain functional regions of the two experimental groups significantly increased after training ( P < 0.01). These indicators were not significantly different between the two experimental groups after 6 weeks of training ( P > 0.05). In addition, during the dual-task phase, the blood oxygen signal concentrations and functional connectivity in the functional brain regions of the two experimental groups were lower than those of healthy controls.

Conclusion

Cognitive or motor tasks combined with treadmill-walking training can promote the recovery of physical function in patients with stroke. Clinical trial registration: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR; registration number: ChiCTR2200060864).
Return to school after adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) posterior spinal fusion: Establishing a baseline in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Addar Abdullah , Al-Qarni Nizar , Alaqeel Musab , Addweesh Abdurahman Khalid , Alkhateb Munib Nader , Alsiddiky Abdulmonem
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Return to school (RTS) after adolescent idiopathic (AIS) scoliosis surgery is a critical outcome measure signifying a return to everyday life. Prior studies in Western populations report an average RTS of 42.3 days for AIS surgery. This study aims to estimate RTS and identify factors affecting it in Saudi Arabia.

Method

This retrospective cross-sectional study included 48 AIS patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion (PSF). Data collected included demographics, surgical details, and recovery timelines. After identifying the average time to return to school, patients were categorized based on RTS duration, with a 42-day cutoff. Factors that could delay the time to return to school were analyzed.

Result

Among the 48 patients, 41 (85.4%) were female, with a mean age of 14.47 years (SD 2.7). The average RTS was 60.1 days (SD 24). Significant associations were found between RTS and age at surgery (12.92 years for RTS ≤ 42 days vs 14.84 years for RTS > 42 days, p = 0.04) and levels fused (15.40 for RTS ≤ 42 days vs 13.38 for RTS > 42 days, p = 0.036). Other factors showed no significant associations.

Conclusion

The average RTS after scoliosis correction in Saudi Arabia is two weeks longer than the average in other countries. Further studies are needed to develop solutions to reduce the delayed RTS in Saudi Arabia.
The Effect of Residential Distance from Inpatient Setting on Outcomes of Rehabilitation Following Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Bradley Lloyd
Published: February 2025

Backgound

Inpatient rehabilitation may be required after an acquired brain injury. This can be located a long way from someone's usual residence. Outcomes for those living further away from the inpatient setting could be impacted by the complexities of discharge planning and limited access to family and friends.

Objective

To determine the relationship between distance of usual residence from the location of inpatient rehabilitation and subsequent rehabilitation outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis of patients admitted between 2014 and 2022 to a neurorehabilitation unit comparing admission complexity, diagnostic category, wait for admission, length of stay, change in functional status and care needs between patients usually resident near (< 20 miles) and distant (>=20 miles) from the unit.

Results

For the 849 patients admitted there were no differences between the groups in the time since initial injury (p = .99), baseline complexity (p = .51), functional status (p = .31), care needs (p = .78) nor in the different diagnostic categories. There were no differences in their length of stay (p = .20), change in their functional status (p = .69) or care needs (p = .68).

Conclusions

The provision of appropriate facilities is more important to patient outcomes than geographical proximity for inpatient rehabilitation following acquired brain injury.
Torpedo maculopathy in a patient with DeSanto-Shinawi syndrome
Authors: Petroni Sergio , Catena Gino , Iarossi Giancarlo , Federici Matteo , Zinzanella Gaetano , De Sanctis Carlo Maria , Valente Paola , Buzzonetti Luca
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Torpedo maculopathy (TM) is a rare, typically benign and congenital anomaly of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) characterized by a torpedo-shaped lesion in the macula. DeSanto-Shinawi syndrome (DESS) is an equally rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the WAC gene, presenting with intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, and growth retardation.

Case description

This report illustrates the case of monolateral TM in a patient with DESS. The genetic and phenotypic characteristic were described and correlated with retinal features, assessed by means of retinography, spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA).

Conclusion

This case report discusses the unusual co-occurrence of TM in a patient diagnosed with DESS, contributing to the sparse literature on this association and expanding the phenotypic spectrum of both conditions.
Online Version of the Self-Administered Food Frequency Questionnaire for the Iranian Adult Population
Authors: Morvaridi Mehrnaz , Karandish Majid , Bazyar Hadi , Rasekhi Hamid , Bavi Behbahani Hossein
Published: February 2025

Background:

With the growing accessibility of the internet, dietary assessment tools, including food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), are increasingly being adapted for web platforms. A web-based FFQ was developed as a dietary assessment tool for healthy adults in Iran.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop an online FFQ for dietary data collection among Iranian adults and to compare its performance with the validated Iranian printed FFQ.

Methods:

Eligible participants were randomly assigned to complete both the printed and web-based FFQs. The type of FFQ alternated for each participant after 10 days. The agreement between the two FFQs was assessed using the Bland-Altman method and correlation analysis.

Results:

Of the 190 participants, final analyses were conducted on 141 individuals, including 70 females (49.6%) and 71 males (50.4%) who completed both FFQs. Agreement was high for all nutrient intakes ( r > .8). Among food groups, “Whole grains” showed the highest correlation ( r = .84), while “Potato” had the lowest ( r = .25). There were no significant differences in the time taken to complete the questionnaires.

Conclusion:

The web-based FFQ demonstrated strong agreement with the validated printed FFQ, accurately reflecting nutrient and food group intakes in Iranian adults.
Far-right movements in the Western world: How media exposure relates to normative beliefs and attitudes toward the far-right
Authors: Selvanathan Hema Preya , Leidner Bernhard , Syropoulos Stylianos , Louis Winnifred , Adelman Levi , Baka Aphrodite , Bauer Christina , Blikmans Martijn , Becker Maja , Beran Eszter , Bilewicz Michał , Chekroun Peggy , Greitemeyer Tobias , Hannover Bettina , Jasinskaja-Lahti Inga , Kardos Peter , Li Mengyao , Lindholm Torun , Loughnan Steve , Mros Theresa , Paladino Maria Paola , Papadopoulou Marina , Rovenpor Daniel R. , Sadus Kathrin , Vaes Jeroen , Van Hiel Alain , van Zomeren Martijn
Published: February 2025

Considering the rise of far-right groups in Western countries, we examined whether exposure to media coverage on the far-right is associated with attitudes toward it, using surveys in 15 Western democratic countries (total N = 2,576). We hypothesized that greater media exposure to the far-right will be associated with greater perceived prevalence and acceptability of it, which will in turn be associated with divergent attitudes. On the one hand, greater perceived prevalence may be associated with more unfavorable attitudes toward the far-right (a threat response). On the other hand, greater perceived acceptability may be associated with more favorable attitudes toward the far-right (a normalization response). Overall, there was more evidence for a threat response than a normalization response: media exposure was consistently related to greater perceived prevalence (but not acceptability) of the far-right. This research underscores the importance of studying the consequences of the rise of the far-right.
A Novel Nonlinear Eddy Current Damping Design Method for a Triple-magnet Magnetic Suspension Dynamic Vibration Absorber
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Leng Yonggang , Fan Shengbo , Su Xukun , Xu Junjie
Published: February 2025

A novel Nonlinear Eddy Current Damping (NL-ECD) design method for a Triple-magnet Magnetic Suspension Dynamic Vibration Absorber (TMSDVA) is proposed, modelled, and tested. The implementation of the NL-ECD design method is completely passive and does not require an external energy supply. First, the mathematical model of the TMSDVA vibration reduction system is established. Additionally, the NL-ECD calculation model is also derived. The NL-ECD coefficient can be designed and adjusted by changing the dimensional parameters of the damping tube. Then the correctness of the NL-ECD derivation process is verified through simulations and experiments. It is found that the NL-ECD coefficient is strongly related to the position of the moving magnet. And the simulation results show the same trend as the experimental results. Next, the dynamic responses of the TMSDVA with NL-ECD are studied. Using NL-ECD can not only eliminate higher branch responses in the TMSDVA vibration reduction system, but also retain non-linear dynamics response characteristics of the system. As a result, a better vibration reduction effect of the TMSDVA is obtained. Moreover, the NL-ECD design method proposed in this paper can be either applicable to the TMSDVA or applicable to other types of magnetic DVAs using cylindrical magnets or ring magnets.
An Improved PWM Control for Landing Velocity Reduction and Dynamic Performance Preservation in High Speed Solenoid Valve During Excitation Stage
Authors: Gao Qiang
Published: February 2025

High speed solenoid valves (HSVs) have often been used in the pilot stage of a two-stage proportional valve to control the main spool's position, in which the vibration and dynamic performance of the pilot HSV need to be optimized, such as low vibration, low noise, and fast response. In this paper, an improved PWM controller for landing velocity reduction in a HSV during the excitation stage is proposed to reduce the vibration and maintain the dynamic performance under different supply pressures. First, the working principle of the proposed PWM signal is presented and the dynamic behavior of the HSV is analyzed during the excitation stage. Secondly, the influences of the two timing parameters (the time when the negative voltage begins and ends) and the hydraulic supply pressures on the performance of the HSV are analyzed. Moreover, two design criteria of the timing parameters are proposed and a direct searching algorithm is proposed to find an optimal solution set. The optimization results not only show that a good compromise between the landing velocity and the total opening time can be achieved but also proves that the reverse motion of the ball valve is effectively eliminated. Finally, comparative results indicate that with the proposed PWM control, the maximum impact acceleration is reduced by at least 44.7% and the delay of total opening time is always less than 0.3 ms under different supply pressures except 1 MPa, compared to the compound PWM control (full positive voltage in the excitation stage). The proposed PWM is simple and can be used in the HSV-controlled system to reduce the vibration and improve the accuracy of the actuator.
Understanding another person’s story: Using personal, community, global, and universal narratives to teach arts and humanities
Authors: Cochran Maria Eichmans , Burnett Rebecca E
Published: February 2025

Narratives help situate arts and humanities—exploring the creation of artifacts as well as providing space for making sense of the world. Narratives can preserve the original context as well as recontextualize art in light of contemporary political and social issues. Personal, community, global, and universal narratives can make art more accessible and memorable to students. Four well-known pieces of art created over 550 years serve as models for ways narratives can be the focus of teaching arts and humanities to encourage engagement, comprehension, retention, and memory.
Common knowledge? Awareness of national and international oversight bodies among incarcerated individuals in Spain
Authors: Aizpurua Eva , Valk Sophie Van Der , Rogan Mary , Caravaca-Sánchez Francisco
Published: February 2025

Oversight bodies are recognised as important resources to prevent ill-treatment in places where individuals are deprived of their freedom. Despite this recognition and the existence of such bodies at both national and supra-national levels, little is known about how incarcerated people perceive them. This study sheds light on this issue by examining the awareness of a national and a supra-national body among incarcerated men and women in Spain ( n = 1,325 individuals housed in six prisons). It estimates the proportion of individuals who are aware of the National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) and the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT). Additionally, it analyses factors associated with awareness, including a wide range of personal and sentence-related factors, as well as those associated with life in prison. The findings reveal moderate to high levels of awareness of the Spanish NPM (57–74% across prisons) and low levels of awareness of the CPT (10–29% across prisons). Notably, awareness levels are heterogeneous, with older individuals and those with higher levels of education reporting greater awareness of both bodies. Institutionalisation also played a role, with people who had been imprisoned longer reporting greater awareness of the CPT, while repeat incarceration was associated with greater awareness of the NPM. Other factors, such as primary language and sentence status, were only relevant for NPM awareness, with those whose main language was not Spanish and individuals on remand being less likely to be aware of the NPM. These findings underscore the importance of raising awareness about prison oversight bodies intended to support people in prison, particularly among specific groups.
Fault diagnosis of mechanical seals using graph neural networks with multi-sensor data fusion
Authors: Zhu Xiaoran , Wang Jiahao , Wang Binhui , Wang Hao , Sheng Ren , Zhai Baozun
Published: February 2025

Mechanical seals are critical components in the mechanical industry, and their operational status directly impacts the performance of pumps, compressors, and other machinery. Therefore, conducting research on the fault diagnosis of mechanical seals is essential. To enhance the accuracy of the assessment model, we propose an integrated approach that leverages the fusion of multiple graph neural networks (GNNs). Firstly, recognizing the diversity among different sensors, we utilize multi-channel data to comprehensively represent the operational state of the mechanical seal. These channels include various types of sensors such as acoustic emission and force sensors. Secondly, we employ multiple methods to transform the original multi-channel data into graph data, thereby continuously increasing the diversity of the datasets used for training. Finally, after training GNNs, we output the data of these networks through data fusion to obtain evaluation results. The effectiveness of our assessment approach is demonstrated using mechanical seal test data.
Study on comprehensive evaluation and decision-making method for all-composite bridge structure design scheme
Authors: Wang Kai
Published: February 2025

A comprehensive evaluation and decision-making method for all-composite bridge structure design scheme with multiple structural parameters as variables was proposed. First, four types of structure layouts were designed according to the designed conditions. Combining grey correlation analysis and entropy weight method, a comprehensive efficiency evaluation model for the design scheme was established, and the I-beam bridge was selected as the optimal scheme. Then, the detail-structure optimization and lay-up design of the I-beam bridge were carried out by using equi-strength design and stiffener design. Finally, all-composite bridges including box-girder bridge, I-beam bridge, truss bridge, and arch bridge, as well as stiffened I-beam bridge, were manufactured by using molding method. The four point bending test was used to verify the optimum design. The results show that I-beam bridge has highest structural efficiency, then followed by box-girder bridge, and truss bridge has the least structural efficiency, which is consistent with the comprehensive efficiency evaluation results. The damage location of the test and numerical analysis are basically the same. The ratio of load to mass for stiffened I-beam bridge reaches 48.88 N g−1, which is 38.16% higher comparing with that of the initial design. The effectiveness of the optimum method was verified by the experimental results.
Solomon in the Wilderness: Colonial Connecticut Judges and Their Qualifications
Authors: DeBrincat Dominic
Published: February 2025

In colonial America, governments relied on county court judges to render justice and maintain order. To be effective, judges needed wisdom to administer three diverse sources of authority: God’s law, English common law, and provincial statutory law. This article uses one colonial tribunal—Connecticut’s New London County Court—to explore an unasked question: what qualified these men to serve wisely as judges? Examining colonial Connecticut judges’ lives and careers unveils a bundle of shared characteristics that prepared them well to manage neighbors’ legal affairs: personal wealth, public service, military leadership, New England Indian relations, and religious administration experience.