bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una experiencia de formación universitaria para comunicar sobre desigualdad y pobreza
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Condeza Rayén , Montenegro Armijo Carlos ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Gálvez Johnson Myrna ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: January 2017

Este artículo analiza una experiencia de enseñanza en comunicación, pobreza y desigualdad implementada en Chile durante 2012 y 2013 por profesores y estudiantes de pre y posgrado de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. El objetivo fue integrar en la formación universitaria el derecho a la comunicación e información de quienes viven en la marginalidad; en este caso, menores de una comuna con altos índices de pobreza, cuyos derechos han sido vulnerados. Los estudiantes realizaron talleres de comunicación con niños y adolescentes, que aprendieron a reportear y generar contenidos locales en distintos medios. Se discuten los resultados del caso y los desafíos para futuras formaciones en otros contextos de desigualdad.
Calidad en contenidos televisivos y engagement: Análisis de un canal privado en Colombia
Authors:   Universidad de La Sabana. Chía, Colombia, González Bernal Manuel Ignacio , Roncallo-Dow Sergio ,   Universidad de La Sabana. Chía, Colombia, Arango-Forero Germán Antonio ,   Universidad de La Sabana. Chía, Colombia, Uribe-Jongbloed Enrique ,   Universidad del Norte. Barranquilla, Colombia
Published: January 2017

Este artículo expone los resultados de un proyecto de investigación enfocado en comprender los elementos que intervienen en la generación de engagement por parte de los televidentes colombianos y el aporte del concepto de ‘calidad televisiva’ a ese proceso. Los resultados muestran que en las audiencias consultadas, los elementos más destacados dentro del proceso de generación de compromiso están relacionados con la identidad del canal que transmite el producto, las expectativas de los televidentes, la temática abordada, la presencia de publicidad y los criterios de programación. Asimismo, se encontró que algunos de esos elementos forman parte del concepto de ‘calidad televisiva’.
Infoentretenimiento satírico en México: el caso de Brozo, el Payaso Tenebroso
Authors:   Georgia Tech, Atlanta, EE.UU, Alonso Paul
Published: January 2017

Brozo, el Payaso Tenebroso, es considerado uno de los “periodistas” televisivos más populares de México. Este artículo analiza el rol carnavalesco de Brozo como influyente voz crítica en los medios mexicanos: es el bufón que, a través de un humor ácido y vulgar, puede decir verdades impunemente en un país con uno de los más altos índices de violencia contra periodistas y una tradición de corrupción institucionalizada en el oficio. Al mismo tiempo, este artículo examina a Brozo como influyente comunicador político en el contexto mediático mexicano, desde su tribuna en Televisa, uno de los conglomerados de medios más poderosos del mundo, con una cuestionable tradición de adhesión al poder. Finalmente, Brozo es relacionado con la emergente tendencia hacia el infoentretenimiento global en los medios televisivos.
Más allá de la representación: Explorando la participación en y a través de la tecnología en un periódico alternativo en El Salvador
Authors:   Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA, Harlow Summer
Published: January 2017

Este estudio de caso etnográfico explora si y cómo el periódico alternativo salvadoreño Diario CoLatino incorporó las nuevas tecnologías, especialmente las redes sociales, para fomentar la participación ciudadana en el proceso de comunicación (en tecnología) y en una esfera discursiva más grande (a través de la tecnología). Este estudio contribuye a la literatura académica mediante la inclusión de la tecnología como fundamental para el estudio de los medios alternativos y por la expansión de nuestra conceptualización de la brecha digital para incluir si los medios sociales se utilizan en maneras “libertadoras”.
El discurso informativo de los newsgames: el caso Bárcenas en los juegos para dispositivos móviles
Authors:   Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, España, Gómez García Salvador , Cabeza San Deogracias José ,   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España
Published: January 2017

El propósito de esta investigación es analizar el impacto de un escándalo de corrupción política en España (el caso Bárcenas) en la producción de juegos desarrollados para dispositivos móviles a través de las principales plataformas de distribución de contenidos. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante cuestionarios a los desarrolladores, fichas de codificación de los contenidos y la recepción de estas aplicaciones por parte de los usuarios. Los resultados indican la creciente influencia de los aspectos virales frente a los informativos, su rol de reforzamiento de la opinión y el creciente papel de estas plataformas como distribuidores de contenidos informativos.
Fanáticas en serie. YouTube, cultura participativa y series de televisión: estudio comparativo de género
Authors:   Universidad de Alicante, España., Hidalgo-Marí Tatiana , Sanchez-Olmos Candelaria ,   Universidad de Alicante, España.
Published: January 2017

El propósito es conocer si las mujeres son más activas que los hombres subiendo a YouTube vídeos relacionados con la ficción. Observamos qué vídeos generan más visualizaciones, y las diferencias entre los contenidos subidos en función del género. Metodológicamente, se trata de un análisis cuantitativo basado en una selección de los vídeos de YouTube relativos a las 21 series estrenadas en 2013 en las cadenas españolas. El estudio exploratorio permite concluir que los vídeos subidos por hombres son ligeramente superiores a los subidos por mujeres, y alcanzan más relevancia y visualizaciones. Sin embargo, ellas superan a los hombres en la creación de contenidos elaborados e inéditos (fanmade).
Calidad informativa: un estudio comparativo de los servicios informativos de las televisiones autonómicas públicas y privadas en España
Authors:   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España, Gómez-Domínguez Pablo , Aguilar Paredes Carlos ,   Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España, Villanueva Baselga Sergio ,   Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España, Sánchez Gómez Lydia ,   Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo plantea el objetivo general de crear una herramienta para evaluar la calidad informativa de los telenoticias de cuatro televisiones autonómicas españolas, a partir de los siguientes indicadores: rasgos formales, construcción y jerarquización, agenda temática, criterios de noticiabilidad, tipología y tratamiento y distribución geográfica del contenido. Se aplica un análisis de contenido con matriz propia de variables sobre una muestra de 32 informativos y 1327 unidades en horario de máxima audiencia. Se comprueba la utilidad de la matriz para evaluar la calidad informativa. El análisis detecta la tendencia hacia un modelo de infoentretenimiento.
Narrativas transmedia y contenidos generados por los usuarios: el caso de los crossovers
Authors:   Departamento de Comunicación, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España, Guerrero-Pico Mar , Scolari Carlos A. ,   Departamento de Comunicación, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España
Published: January 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar un tipo especial de textualidad: los crossovers. El análisis se focalizará en los contenidos generados por los usuarios de las narrativas transmedia. Para ello, se toman como caso 25 producciones derivadas de dos series televisivas: Lost (ABC, 2004-2010) y Fringe (FOX, 2008-2013). Tras describir el contexto de estas producciones y mapear la etimología del concepto de crossover, se analizan algunas producciones realizadas por fans, aplicando un método basado en la semiótica narrativa y la narratología. Finalmente, se propone una taxonomía de estos formatos, articulada en cuatro ejes: medio, estilo, género y programa narrativo.
Correlatos motivacionales del uso y la satisfacción con Facebook en jóvenes españoles
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España, Igartua Juan-José , Rodríguez-de-Dios Isabel ,   Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
Published: January 2017

Este estudio, vinculado con la teoría de usos y gratificaciones, analiza los motivos de uso de Facebook y contrasta cómo dichos motivos predicen patrones conductuales y actitudinales. Se emplea un cuestionario, cumplimentado por estudiantes españoles (n = 268), con una escala de motivos para utilizar Facebook, e información sobre el consumo y satisfacción con dicha red social. Un análisis factorial exploratorio extrae seis dimensiones motivacionales: entretenimiento, comunidad virtual, mantenimiento de relaciones, coolness, compañía y autoexpresión; siendo los tres primeros los motivos principales de uso. Además, el factor de entretenimiento tiene la relación estadística más intensa con la satisfacción con Facebook.
Representación de las enfermedades en la ficción española de médicos Hospital Central (Telecinco: 2000-2012)
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España, de Garay Domínguez Beatriz González , Frutos Esteban Francisco Javier ,   Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España, Del Arco Bóveda Irene ,   Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
Published: January 2017

En el presente artículo se muestran los resultados de una investigación en la que se ha analizado la serie de ficción española Hospital Central (Telecinco: 2000- 2012) para conocer qué imagen ofrece de las enfermedades: cuáles aparecen representadas y cuál es el perfil de los personajes que las sufren. El método utilizado en la investigación fue el análisis de contenido sobre una muestra de 43 capítulos y 256 personajes. Se concluye que ni las enfermedades que aparecen representadas ni el perfil de los personajes enfermos en la serie (edad, sexo, procedencia geográfica, etc.) se corresponden totalmente con los datos de incidencia estadística del periodo y lugar de emisión.
Pervivencia de los estereotipos de género en los hábitos de consumo mediático de los adolescentes: drama para las chicas y humor para los chicos
Authors:   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España, Masanet Maria-Jose
Published: January 2017

Son pocos los estudios en la línea de investigación de los hábitos de consumo mediático de los adolescentes y jóvenes centrados en las diferencias de género en España. Este estudio se propone trabajar en esta línea mediante un estudio cuantitativo. De la administración de 787 cuestionarios a adolescentes de Barcelona (España) se desprenden resultados reveladores: los adolescentes hacen consumos estereotipados por género. Las chicas consumen más productos dramáticos centrados en las relaciones interpersonales y los chicos, más humor y videojuegos. Además, las chicas se ven sometidas a más controles familiares que los chicos en sus consumos mediáticos.
Los memes en el activismo feminista en la Red. #ViajoSola como ejemplo de movilización transnacional
Authors:   Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, España, Piñeiro-Otero Teresa , Martínez-Rolán Xabier ,   Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, España
Published: January 2017

La apropiación de la Web 2.0 por el activismo feminista ha posibilitado una mayor participación de las mujeres en el discurso público, dotándolas de las herramientas precisas para el lanzamiento, la difusión y la consecución de apoyos para sus demandas o protestas sociales y políticas. A partir del estudio de caso de #Viajosola como acción feminista transnacional, se abordó el empleo de los memes en torno a la conversación 2.0. Este estudio ha permitido destacar tendencias de uso, así como las tipologías de los memes más habituales en la acción en línea contra la desigualdad de género, la violencia contra las mujeres o el sexismo mediático.
Cartoons, publicidad y transmedialidad
Authors:   Universidad de Vigo, Pontevedra, España, Amorós Pons Anna , Comesaña Comesaña Patricia ,   Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, España
Published: January 2017

Este estudio histórico-diacrónicodescriptivo-analítico examina en los cartoons estrategias publicitarias indirectas consolidadas, encubiertas no regladas, emergentes, desconocidas y acciones cross-media y transmedia. La investigación evidencia que la modalidad indirecta es propia del cine europeo, mientras que la encubierta está en todas las filmografías, siendo el credit-roll la más abundante, aunque velada por su fugacidad; se encuentra gran presencia del product placement y brand placement, que apenas son perceptibles por su sutileza, apuntalada por el carácter animado de la imagen. Además de productos licenciados, se diseñan acciones de marketing interactivo (multiplataformas, Web 2.0) generando transferencias de consumo audiovisual en industrias adyacentes y circuitos anexos
Televisión, diversidad y hegemonía cultural: un estudio comparado de los estereotipos étnicos dominantes en los sistemas televisivos de Chile y Francia
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Amigo Bernardo , Bravo María Cecilia ,   Universidad de Chile, Sécail Claire ,   Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, CNRS, IRISSO, LCP, París, Francia, Lefébure Pierre ,   Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IRISSO, LCP, París, Francia, Borrell Alexandre ,   Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IRISSO, LCP, París, Francia
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo examina la permanencia de ciertos estereotipos étnicos dominantes en las emisiones televisivas de Chile y Francia. El método utilizado fue el análisis de pantalla mediante una tabla de etnorraciación de personas y personajes representados en los programas. De acuerdo con los resultados, mientras en el caso francés se da una subrepresentación de las denominadas minorías étnicas no blancas, en el caso chileno se observa una tensión entre la autodefinición implícita como sociedad blanca y el hecho de que las personas y personajes representados en la televisión son más blancos que la mayoría de la población.
Propuesta metodológica para el análisis de ficciones históricas televisivas: el ejemplo de La Señora
Authors:   Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España, Rodríguez Marcos Susana
Published: January 2017

El auge de las ficciones históricas televisivas en España avala su investigación como instancias configuradoras del pasado. Este artículo presenta una propuesta metodológica que incluye las tres etapas del proceso comunicativo — producción, emisión y recepción—, lo que exige combinar técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. La validez del modelo se comprobó mediante el análisis de la serie española de época, La Señora. Los resultados evidencian la importancia de los factores económicos y de mercado en el diseño de la producción, junto con la supeditación de los elementos históricos a los dramáticos y el limitado interés del público en aspectos del pasado.
Periodismo en Twitter. La contribución de los usuarios al flujo informativo
Authors:   Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, España, López-Meri Amparo
Published: January 2017

Internet y los medios sociales contribuyen a la transformación del proceso de selección y circulación de contenidos. Este artículo investiga si los usuarios de Twitter asumen funciones similares a las del periodista gatekeeper cuando recomiendan contenidos. Mediante las técnicas del análisis de contenido, se analizan los links vinculados a #ArdeValencia y #25N, dos hashtags relevantes en España por su viralidad, referidos a los incendios forestales de Valencia y las elecciones de Cataluña de 2012. Los resultados cuestionan el potencial de los usuarios como curadores de contenidos, porque tienden a reproducir la agenda mediática y enlazar noticias sin seguir ninguna estrategia.
Contenido y representación de género en tres series de televisión chilenas de ficción (2008-2014)
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Mateos-Pérez Javier , Ochoa Gloria ,   Germina: conocimiento para la acción, Santiago, Chile
Published: January 2017

La televisión chilena ha enfrentado un nuevo fenómeno: la emisión de series de ficción nacionales que alcanzaron un lugar prioritario en la programación y en el seguimiento del público. Los 80, Los archivos del Cardenal y El reemplazante son producciones representativas, tanto por su audiencia como por el debate social que provocaron. En esta investigación se examinan estas series a partir del análisis tanto del relato como de la representación de género. Los resultados permiten relacionar el contexto sociopolítico del país con la elección de contenidos de ficción. Las series comienzan con intenciones innovadoras, pero devienen en propuestas más simplificadas
La educación en portada: la visualización de la política educacional en la prensa
Authors:   Instituto de la Comunicación e Imagen de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Cabalin Cristian , Antezana Lorena ,   Instituto de la Comunicación e Imagen de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Published: January 2017

Considerando los estudios culturales en educación, en este artículo se presenta un análisis de framing visual de las portadas publicadas por el diario Las Últimas Noticias durante el debate sobre las reformas educacionales de 2014-2015 en Chile. Este periódico encuadró la discusión desde el enfoque de capital humano en educación y criticó las iniciativas propuestas por el gobierno de Michelle Bachelet. El texto destaca el carácter ideológico de los medios en la discusión pública sobre la educación.
Cibermedios hiperlocales ibéricos: el nacimiento de una nueva red de proximidad
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España, López-García Xosé , Negreira-Rey María-Cruz ,   Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España, Rodríguez-Vázquez Ana-Isabel ,   Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España
Published: January 2017

Durante la última década, el ecosistema comunicativo ha experimentado una profunda transformación desde la proximidad con la proliferación de los cibermedios hiperlocales. En este artículo se exploran las iniciativas que han nacido en España y Portugal y se evidencia la existencia de una nueva red de medios de proximidad. El estudio comparado de distintos elementos propios de la producción informativa se aplica a cinco cibermedios con diferentes modelos organizativos y de gestión. Los resultados muestran tendencias comunes en cuanto a los espacios y temas de cobertura, participación activa de los ciudadanos u orientación a la comunidad propia de los hiperlocales.
Effects of Ag Addition on Hot Deformation Behavior of Cu–Ni–Si Alloys
Authors: Sun Huili , Zhang Yi , Volinsky Alex A. , Wang Bingjie , Tian Baohong , Song Kexing , Chai Zhe , Liu Yong
Published: January 2017

Hot deformation behavior of Cu–Ni–Si and Cu–Ni–Si–Ag alloys is investigated using the Gleeble‐1500D simulator in the 600–800 °C deformation temperature and 0.01–5 s−1 strain rate ranges. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism is a feature of high temperature flow stress–strain curves of the alloy. Microstructure is observed by optical microscopy. Ag addition can refine the grains and accelerate dynamic recrystallization. Characteristic points of the flow stress curves, including critical strain for DRX initiation (ϵc), are determined by employing strain hardening rate analysis. Processing maps are developed and analyzed based on the dynamic material model (DMM). Ag addition can optimize the alloy processing workability.
Self‐Crosslink Method for a Straightforward Synthesis of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)‐Based Aerogel Assisted by Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Ma Chong‐Bo , Du Baoji , Wang Erkang
Published: January 2017

As a new concept, a self‐crosslink mechanism for hydrothermal synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aerogel, assisted by multiwall carbon nanotubes, is reported. PVA, working as a low‐cost and commercially available raw material, exempts the complicated synthesis process and reserves its nontoxic nature since no organic crosslinkers are used in the synthesis process. The crosslink density and many other properties of the products can be easily tuned by simply altering the concentration of PVA precursors, which is considered to be another feature of our method. Dehydration between hydroxyl groups occurs in the hydrothermal process, leading to a reverse wettability of the products from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, thus their absorbing capacity for several organic solvents, such as bean oil and crude oil, is investigated. The absorbate has 10–52 times the original weight of the aerogel. As exhibited by the cytotoxic tests, the product has neglectable toxicity, suitable for application in environmental bioengineering. Furthermore, the product can be used as a facile substrate for transformation into conductive aerogel by in situ hybridizing with polypyrrole, showing a conductivity of 0.16 S m−1. As it is rich in hydroxyl groups, the aerogels are believed to be further functionalized by the reactions related to the hydroxyl group.
Biofunctionalized Capillary Flow Channel Platform Integrated with 3D Nanostructured Matrix to Capture Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Banerjee Shashwat S. , Khutale Ganesh V. , Khobragade Vrushali , Kale Narendra R. , Pore Milind , Chate Govind P. , Jalota‐Badhwar Archana , Dongare Manoj , Khandare Jayant J.
Published: January 2017

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood account genetic information for cancer diagnosis and overall disease monitoring. Analysis of “liquid biopsy” holds immense promise as it may lead to new approaches for cancer treatment. The study reports effective and continuous flow microchannel system for isolating CTCs using transferrin conjugated 3D matrix synthesized by crosslinking polyethylene glycol‐Fe3O4 nanostructures for rapid and efficient capturing of CTCs. The platform provides option of using multiple microchannel units in series that can influence higher cell‐capture efficiency due to increasing cell‐substrate contact frequency. CTCs are captured with high efficiency even at low concentration of target cells (~90% at 25 cells per mL blood). Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the cell‐capture performance is influenced by topographic interactions between nanostructure based matrix and cancer cells of interest. In addition, this study demonstrates the “proof of concept” using 3D microchannel system having capacity of simultaneously capturing and permanently eliminating CTCs from peripheral blood samples. Further, the study evaluates clinical samples of colon and breast cancer patients for rapid isolation of CTCs. Conclusively, the present platform demonstrates inordinate capacity for cancer cell sorting, biological studies of CTCs, and cancer metastasis, potentially benefiting the real time liquid biopsy and early prognosis of cancer.
Room Temperature Carbonylation of (Hetero) Aryl Pentafluorobenzenesulfonates and Triflates using Palladium‐Cobalt Bimetallic Catalyst: Dual Role of Cobalt Carbonyl
Authors: Joseph Jayan T. , Sajith Ayyiliath M. , Ningegowda Revanna C. , Shashikanth Sheena
Published: January 2017

An efficient method for the carbonylation of (hetero) aryl pentafluorobenzenesulfonates and triflates under exceptionally mild conditions using palladium/dicobalt octacarbonyl [Pd/Co2(CO)8] has been developed. Besides acting as carbon monoxide (CO) source, Co2(CO)8 enhances the reaction rate by accelerating the CO insertion through an in situ generated bimetallic palladium cobalt tetracarbonyl [Pd‐Co(CO)4] complex. Under the optimized reaction condition, carbonylation of a wide range of activated and deactivated, as well as sterically hindered and heteroaromatic, substrates proceeded efficiently at room temperature. The high chemoselectivity and improved synthesis of biologically relevant Isoguvacine and Lazabemide intermediates highlights its scope as a valuable synthetic method. The generality of this protocol was further extended to other electrophiles (bromides, chlorides and tosylates).

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(Diacyloxyiodo)benzenes‐Driven Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of Unsaturated N‐Sulfonylamides: Opportunities of Path Selection
Authors: Borelli Tea , Brenna Stefano , Broggini Gianluigi , Oble Julie , Poli Giovanni
Published: January 2017

A study of the palladium(II)‐catalyzed cyclization of unsaturated N‐sulfonylamides was undertaken, using (diacyloxyiodo)benzenes as terminal oxidizing agents. Different reactivities were observed as a function of the nature of the unsaturation (terminal vs. internal), or of the hypervalent iodine compound used (diacetoxyiodobenzene vs. bistrifluoroacetoxyiodobenzene). Proper parameter selection allows the direction of the cyclization to be chosen towards either a global aminoacetoxylation, an allylic amination via aminopalladation, or an allylic amination via allylic C–H activation.

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A Sequential Route to Cyclopentenes from 1,6‐Enynes and Diazo Ketones through Gold and Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Kale Balaji S. , Lee Hsin‐Fu , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: January 2017

This work reports the construction of cyclopentene cores from 1,6‐enynes and aryl diazo ketones through two new reaction sequences involving initial gold‐catalyzed cyclization of 1,6‐enynes with diazo species, followed by rhodium‐catalyzed skeletal rearrangement of the resulting 3‐cyclopropyl‐2‐en‐1‐ones. In most instances the rhodium‐catalyzed reactions afforded cyclopentene derivatives whereas several n‐alkyl‐ or ortho‐substituted phenyl ketones delivered seven‐membered oxacycles. A plausible mechanism provides rationales for these two distinct products.

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An Atom‐Economical Route to Substituted β‐Arylethyl Ketones: Phosphomolybdic Acid‐Catalyzed Carbohydroxylation of Terminal Alkynes in Organic Carbonate
Authors: Yang Guo‐Ping , Zhang Nan , Ma Nuan‐Nuan , Yu Bing , Hu Chang‐Wen
Published: January 2017

A highly efficient and atom‐economical route for the synthesis of substituted β‐arylethyl ketones was developed by using cheap phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo12O40) as catalyst and non‐volatile propylene carbonate (PC) as green solvent via the carbohydroxylation of terminal alkynes with benzylic alcohols under mild conditions. Various functional groups on the benzylic alcohols and terminal alkynes were tolerated, giving the corresponding substituted β‐arylethyl ketones as products in good to excellent yields (up to 95%). It is worth noting that a turnover number (TON) of up to 520 was achieved in the protocol. The mechanism investigation showed that PC might stabilize the heteropoly anion and the carbocation intermediate thus facilitating the carbohydroxylation reaction.

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Phosphate Framework Electrode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Yongjin , Zhang Jiexin , Xiao Lifen , Ai Xinping , Cao Yuliang , Yang Hanxi
Published: January 2017

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising alternative for the next generation of electric storage systems due to their similar electrochemistry to Li‐ion batteries and the low cost of sodium resources. Exploring appropriate electrode materials with decent electrochemical performance is the key issue for development of sodium ion batteries. Due to the high structural stability, facile reaction mechanism and rich structural diversity, phosphate framework materials have attracted increasing attention as promising electrode materials for sodium ion batteries. Herein, we review the latest advances and progresses in the exploration of phosphate framework materials especially related to single‐phosphates, pyrophosphates and mixed‐phosphates. We provide the detailed and comprehensive understanding of structure–composition–performance relationship of materials and try to show the advantages and disadvantages of the materials for use in SIBs. In addition, some new perspectives about phosphate framework materials for SIBs are also discussed. Phosphate framework materials will be a competitive and attractive choice for use as electrodes in the next‐generation of energy storage devices.
Effect of Socioeconomic Status Bias on Medical Student–Patient Interactions Using an Emergency Medicine Simulation
Authors: Pettit Katie E. , Turner Joseph S. , Kindrat Jason K. , Blythe Gregory J. , Hasty Greg E. , Perkins Anthony J. , Ashburn‐Nardo Leslie , Milgrom Lesley B. , Hobgood Cherri D. , Cooper Dylan D.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Implicit bias in clinical decision making has been shown to contribute to healthcare disparities and results in negative patient outcomes. Our objective was to develop a high‐fidelity simulation model for assessing the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on medical student (MS) patient care.

Methods

Teams of MSs were randomly assigned to participate in a high‐fidelity simulation of acute coronary syndrome. Cases were identical with the exception of patient SES, which alternated between a low‐SES homeless man and a high‐SES executive. Students were blinded to study objectives. Cases were recorded and scored by blinded independent raters using 24 dichotomous items in the following domains: 13 communication, six information gathering, and five clinical care. In addition, quantitative data were obtained on the number of times students performed the following patient actions: acknowledged patient by name, asked about pain, generally conversed, and touching the patient. Fisher's exact test was used to test for differences between dichotomous items. For continuous measures, group differences were tested using a mixed‐effects model with a random effect for case to account for multiple observations per case.

Results

Fifty‐eight teams participated in an equal number of high‐ and low‐SES cases. MSs asked about pain control more often (p = 0.04) in patients of high SES. MSs touched the low‐SES patient more frequently (p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in clinical care or information gathering measures.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates more attention to pain control in patients with higher SES as well as a trend toward better communication. Despite the differences in interpersonal behavior, quantifiable differences in clinical care were not seen. These results may be limited by sample size, and larger cohorts will be required to identify the factors that contribute to SES bias.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Switch: Synthesis of a New Class of Indenochromenes and Pyrano[2,3‐c]carbazoles
Authors: Reddy K. Ranjith , Kannaboina Prakash , Das Parthasarathi
Published: January 2017

A new method has been developed for the divergent synthesis of two different pyran‐annulated polyheterocycles, indeno[1,2,3‐de]chromenes, and pyrano[2,3‐c]carbazoles from a common intermediate. The indeno[1,2,3‐de]chromenes class of compounds has been synthesized by using Oxone as a terminal oxidant through a Pd‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction at room temperature. The synthesis of structurally challenging pyrano[2,3‐c]carbazoles was achieved by using Pd(OAc)2 as a catalyst, K2CO3 as a base, and oxygen (O2) as a terminal oxidant through an intramolecular oxidative C−N bond‐forming reaction.
Zinc‐Mediated syn‐Selective Crotylation of N‐Unsubstituted Imines
Authors: Lee Won Jong , Jeong Wook , Park Jaiwook , Rhee Young Ho
Published: January 2017

The first example of a zinc‐mediated diastereoselective crotylation of N‐unsubstititued imines is described. The use of Et3B as an additive was of crucial importance to achieve high yield and diastereoselectivity. Notably, a high level of syn‐selectivity was observed. A mechanism involving an open transition state is suggested to explain this unique selectivity.
Effects of Lewis Acids on Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Jung Jieun , Lee Yong‐Min , Nam Wonwoo
Published: January 2017

The reactivity of organic photoredox catalysts in oxidation reactions is enhanced by the addition of Lewis acids, which bind to the catalyst to increase its oxidizing ability. Redox‐inactive metal ions, such as Sc3+, also act as Lewis acids and can bind to flavins to increase their one‐electron reduction potentials and photocatalytic stability. The Sc3+ ion can bind to acridine and pyrene to enhance their photoredox catalytic activity in the oxidation of substrates by dioxygen. The binding of Lewis acids to radical anions enhances their overall photocatalytic activity by prohibiting a back electron transfer from the radical anions of substrates to the oxidized photocatalysts. The photocatalytic asymmetric oxidation of terminal olefins by using water as the oxygen source with a mononuclear nonheme chiral manganese complex has been made possible by the addition of acetic acid, which is essential to afford the products with high enantioselectivity.
Fine‐scale genetic structure analyses reveal dispersal patterns in a critically endangered primate, Trachypithecus leucocephalus
Authors: Wang Weiran , Yao Meng
Published: January 2017

Dispersal is a critically important life history trait of social organisms that has a major impact on the population genetic structure and social relationships within groups. Primates exhibit highly diversified dispersal and philopatry patterns, but knowledge of these patterns is difficult to obtain and usually limited to observations of a small number of focal social groups or individuals. Here, we investigated the dispersal pattern of a critically endangered colobine monkey, the white‐headed langur (Trachypithecus leucocephalus), using molecular approaches, and sex‐specific population genetic structure analyses at fine geographical scales. We non‐invasively collected 403 fecal samples from 41 social groups across 90% of the langur's range in Fusui (FS) and Chongzuo (CZ) in southwestern Guangxi Province, China. We identified 214 unique individuals from the samples by genotyping 15 polymorphic autosomal microsatellite loci, a sex‐specific marker, and sequencing the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable region I (HVRI). We found higher intragroup than intergroup genetic relatedness in males and females in both populations. A significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance, that is a pattern of isolation‐by‐distance, was detected in females from the FS population, but not in males. Spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed high within‐group relatedness in both sexes and populations, as well as an additional positive correlation at the 0.5‐km distance class in females from the FS population. Furthermore, we inferred first‐generation migrants using genetic assignment tests. Our results suggest that male T. leucocephalus disperse at random distances within habitat areas, whereas dispersal of females may mainly occur among adjacent groups near their home site. Our study provides the first genetic evidence for sex‐biased dispersal in T. leucocephalus, which has important management and conservation implications for the species.
“Inherently Chiral” Ionic‐Liquid Media: Effective Chiral Electroanalysis on Achiral Electrodes
Authors: Rizzo Simona , Arnaboldi Serena , Mihali Voichita , Cirilli Roberto , Forni Alessandra , Gennaro Armando , Isse Abdirisak Ahmed , Pierini Marco , Mussini Patrizia Romana , Sannicolò Francesco
Published: January 2017

To achieve enantioselective electroanalysis either chiral electrodes or chiral media are needed. High enantiodiscrimination properties can be granted by the “inherent chirality” strategy of developing molecular materials in which the stereogenic element responsible for chirality coincides with the molecular portion responsible for their specific properties, an approach recently yielding outstanding performances as electrode surfaces. Inherently chiral ionic liquids (ICILs) have now been prepared starting from atropisomeric 3,3′‐bicollidine, synthesized from inexpensive reagents, resolved into antipodes without need of chiral HPLC and converted into long‐chain dialkyl salts with melting points below room temperature. Both the new ICILs and shorter family terms, solid at room temperature, employed as low‐concentration additives in achiral ILs, afford impressive enantioselection for the enantiomers of different probes on achiral electrodes, regularly increasing with additive concentration.
Asymmetrische Redoxarylierung: Chiralitätstransfer von Schwefel zu Kohlenstoff durch sigmatrope Sulfonium‐[3,3]‐Umlagerung
Authors: Kaldre Dainis , Maryasin Boris , Kaiser Daniel , Gajsek Oliver , González Leticia , Maulide Nuno
Published: January 2017

Eine allgemeine asymmetrische Redoxarylierung von Inamiden und Thioalkinen mit chiralen Sulfoxiden wird vorgestellt. Es handelt sich um das erste Beispiel eines allgemeinen 1,4‐Chiralitätstransfers von Schwefel zu Kohlenstoff durch [3,3]‐sigmatrope Umlagerung eines Sulfoniumintermediats. Die Reaktion liefert α‐arylierte Thioester und Amide in atomökonomischer Weise und unter milden Bedingungen. Die Produkte werden in hohen Ausbeuten und mit bis zu 99.5:0.5 Enantiomerenverhältnis erhalten. Quantenchemische Rechnungen legen für den Chiralitätstransfer einen Mechanismus nahe, der mit den experimentell beobachteten Korrelationen zwischen Enantioselektivität und Katalysator/Substrat übereinstimmt.
Highly Stereoselective Gold‐Catalyzed Coupling of Diazo Reagents and Fluorinated Enol Silyl Ethers to Tetrasubstituted Alkenes
Authors: Liao Fu‐Min , Cao Zhong‐Yan , Yu Jin‐Sheng , Zhou Jian
Published: January 2017

We report a highly stereoselective synthesis of all‐carbon or fluorinated tetrasubstituted alkenes from diazo reagents and fluorinated enol silyl ethers, using C−F bond as a synthetic handle. Cationic AuI catalysis plays a key role in this reaction. Remarkable fluorine effects on the reactivity and selectivity was also observed.
A False‐Positive Screening Hit in Fragment‐Based Lead Discovery: Watch out for the Red Herring
Authors: Cramer Jonathan , Schiebel Johannes , Wulsdorf Tobias , Grohe Kristof , Najbauer Eszter Eva , Ehrmann Frederik R. , Radeva Nedyalka , Zitzer Nina , Linne Uwe , Linser Rasmus , Heine Andreas , Klebe Gerhard
Published: January 2017

With the rising popularity of fragment‐based approaches in drug development, more and more attention has to be devoted to the detection of false‐positive screening results. In particular, the small size and low affinity of fragments drives screening techniques to their limit. The pursuit of a false‐positive hit can cause significant loss of time and resources. Here, we present an instructive and intriguing investigation into the origin of misleading assay results for a fragment that emerged as the most potent binder for the aspartic protease endothiapepsin (EP) across multiple screening assays. This molecule shows its biological effect mainly after conversion into another entity through a reaction cascade that involves major rearrangements of its heterocyclic scaffold. The formed ligand binds EP through an induced‐fit mechanism involving remarkable electrostatic interactions. Structural information in the initial screening proved to be crucial for the identification of this false‐positive hit.
An Asymmetric Redox Arylation: Chirality Transfer from Sulfur to Carbon through a Sulfonium [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement
Authors: Kaldre Dainis , Maryasin Boris , Kaiser Daniel , Gajsek Oliver , González Leticia , Maulide Nuno
Published: January 2017

A general, asymmetric redox arylation of ynamides and thioalkynes with chiral sulfoxides is reported. This is the first example of a general 1,4‐chirality transfer from sulfur to a carbon stereocenter through a sulfonium [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement. This reaction delivers α‐arylated thioesters and amides under mild conditions in an atom‐economical manner. The products are formed in high yields with enantiomeric ratios up to 99.5:0.5. Quantum chemical calculations suggest a mechanism for the chirality transfer from sulfur to carbon and explain the experimentally observed correlation of the enantioselectivity with both the catalyst and the substrate.
Robust Aqua Material: A Pressure‐Resistant Self‐Assembled Membrane for Water Purification
Authors: Cohen Erez , Weissman Haim , Shimoni Eyal , Kaplan‐Ashiri Ifat , Werle Kai , Wohlleben Wendel , Rybtchinski Boris
Published: January 2017

“Aqua materials” that contain water as their major component and are as robust as conventional plastics are highly desirable. Yet, the ability of such systems to withstand harsh conditions, for example, high pressures typical of industrial applications has not been demonstrated. We show that a hydrogel‐like membrane self‐assembled from an aromatic amphiphile and colloidal Nafion is capable of purifying water from organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals in a very wide range of concentrations. Remarkably, the membrane can sustain high pressures, retaining its function. The robustness and functionality of the water‐based self‐assembled array advances the idea that aqua materials can be very strong and suitable for demanding industrial applications.
The ‘Paradox of Diversity’: Economic Evidence from US Cities 1980–2010
Authors: Ratna Nazmun , Grafton R. Quentin , To Hang
Published: January 2017

We evaluate the economic significance of linguistic barriers to communication in 226 US cities from 1980 to 2010. We address the question: to what extent do linguistic barriers across social groups inhibit the benefits of knowledge exchange? The empirical results show that linguistic, racial and composite diversity increase the average income of working age population in American cities. This positive effect of diversity, however, diminishes the higher is the proportion of foreign‐born population who lack English fluency. We call this the ‘paradox of diversity’. Overall, our findings provide important policy insights about how social diversity may enhance economic performance within cities.
Child Protection and Maltreatment in the Philippines: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Roche Steven
Published: January 2017

To gain a better understanding of the dimensions, characteristics and phenomenon of child maltreatment and its policy responses in the Philippines, this article provides a systematic review of the peer reviewed literature. This review provides a summary and analysis of the core child maltreatment issues in the Philippines and examines child protection policy responses. It takes a systematic approach, identifying 31 peer reviewed articles from a diverse range of scholarship that met its criteria, and subjected to a quality appraisal tool. Its findings provide important details about child maltreatment and child protection arrangements in the Philippines. It recommends further research into policy and programmatic approaches to child maltreatment, a greater focus on the social, cultural and structural influences on child maltreatment, and investigation into child maltreatment, particularly child sexual abuse, in contexts outside of the home, such as in institutions.
Seasonal encounter rate, life stages and main threats to the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) in the Aeolian Archipelago (southern Thyrrenian Sea)
Authors: Blasi Monica Francesca , Mattei Daniela
Published: January 2017

Annual and seasonal encounter rates, life stages and the main threats to loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Aeolian Archipelago (southern Italy) were studied.

Dedicated boat surveys resulted in 258 surface observations and 138 captures of healthy (n = 309), ailing (n = 66) and dead (n = 21) turtles from 2009 to 2013.

Loggerheads were encountered at the sea water surface while resting (87%) or feeding on pelagic prey (13%).

The loggerhead encounter rate (observations per km surveyed) was higher during the autumn, suggesting the presence of potential foraging/overwintering habitats in the area.

The mean (± SD) curved carapace length (CCL) was 48.8 ± 10.7 cm, with 65% of the individuals ranging from 40–70 cm in size. Smaller turtles were encountered more frequently during the spring months, probably as a result of the abundant pelagic prey within the coastal area. During the colder season, larger turtles were more common in the afternoon than in the morning, suggesting that the time needed for rewarming might increase with turtle size.

Ingestion of anthropogenic debris was reported in 48.5% of the rescued turtles. Individual mortality was mainly related to longline fishing (70.6%), with debris entanglements/ingestion frequently associated with these records. Longline bycatch and boat collisions were higher in summer, whereas debris ingestion was highest in spring. Different threats might affect particular life stages because the longline bycatch was more frequent for larger turtles, whereas boat collisions were more frequent with smaller individuals.

Migratory patterns, habitat characteristics and seasonal changes in sea temperature and currents might influence the seasonal occurrence of loggerhead turtles in this area.

These results increase the current ecological knowledge of the factors driving loggerhead turtle life and are important for implementing management plans for its conservation in the Mediterranean Sea.
Supramolecular Helical Nanofibers Formed by Achiral Monomers and Their Reversible Sol–Gel Transition
Authors: Wang Wen‐Zhi , Gao Chuan , Zhang Qi , Ye Xu‐Hao , Qu Da‐Hui
Published: January 2017

Well‐defined supramolecular helical nanofibers have been constructed by a rationally designed achiral monomer in aqueous solution based on the 1:2 host–guest combination between cucurbit[8]uril and a 4,4′‐bipyridin‐1‐ium chloride (BPY+) salt derivative. The formed nanostructures could be adjusted by varying the concentration of monomer from helical nanofibers to a pH‐responsive hydrogel.
DNA repair and erasure of 5‐methylcytosine in vertebrates
Authors: Schomacher Lars , Niehrs Christof
Published: January 2017

DNA methylation plays important roles in development and disease. Yet, only recently has the dynamic nature of this epigenetic mark via oxidation and DNA repair‐mediated demethylation been recognized. A major conceptual challenge to the model that DNA methylation is reversible is the risk of genomic instability, which may come with widespread DNA repair activity. Here, we focus on recent advances in mechanisms of TET‐TDG mediated demethylation and cellular strategies that avoid genomic instability. We highlight the recently discovered involvement of NEIL DNA glycosylases, which cooperate with TDG in oxidative demethylation to accelerate substrate turnover and promote the organized handover of harmful repair intermediates to maintain genome stability.
The self‐sufficient P450 RhF expressed in a whole cell system selectively catalyses the 5‐hydroxylation of diclofenac
Authors: Klenk Jan M. , Nebel Bernd A. , Porter Joanne L. , Kulig Justyna K. , Hussain Shaneela A. , Richter Sven M. , Tavanti Michele , Turner Nicholas J. , Hayes Martin A. , Hauer Bernhard , Flitsch Sabine L.
Published: January 2017

P450 monooxygenases are able to catalyze the highly regio‐ and stereoselective oxidations of many organic molecules. However, the scale‐up of such bio‐oxidations remains challenging due to the often‐low activity, level of expression and stability of P450 biocatalysts. Despite these challenges they are increasingly desirable as recombinant biocatalysts, particularly for the production of drug metabolites. Diclofenac is a widely used anti‐inflammatory drug that is persistent in the environment along with the 4'‐ and 5‐hydroxy metabolites. Here we have used the self‐sufficient P450 RhF (CYP116B2) from Rhodococcus sp. in a whole cell system to reproducibly catalyze the highly regioselective oxidation of diclofenac to 5‐hydroxydiclofenac. The product is a human metabolite and as such is an important standard for environmental and toxicological analysis. Furthermore, access to significant quantities of 5‐hydroxydiclofenac has allowed us to demonstrate further oxidative degradation to the toxic quinoneimine product. Our studies demonstrate the potential for gram‐scale production of human drug metabolites through recombinant whole cell biocatalysis.