bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGIC PLANNING OF THE OPTIMAL RATE OF RECOURSES EXTRACTION BY MINING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kravtsov A.A.
Published: July 2023

Objective. The objective of the article is to develop a method for optimizing the rate of re­courses extraction, which can be applied in strategic planning at mining enterprises.

Methods. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods of abstract logical analysis, induc­tion and deduction are used. The common features and differences in scientific approaches to optimizing the enterprise production capacity are identified by applying these methods. Econom­ic-mathematical modeling and operations research methods are used to describe the production process at the mining enterprise.

Results. Management of mining enterprises in market conditions requires the optimal strate­gic decisions about its production capacity and the rate of recourses extraction. These decisions are necessary both for the new projects and for the operating enterprises. The problem of the production capacity and the rate of recourses extraction optimizing is not solved now and requires new scientific approaches.

The three groups of factors complicate the long-term management of the mining enterprises production and require considering. Firstly, the uncertainty is characteristic of information on the volume and condition of resources. Secondly, it is difficult to predict the long-term essential condi­tions of production and economic activity. Thirdly, there is competition of purposes that give rise to the needfor multi-criteria choice. At the result, the strategic decisions about the enterprise production capacity should be constantly adjusted taking into account the balance recourses, mining, geological, technical and economic conditions of their extraction. The optimization of these deci­sions should cover both the current production volume and the prospective term of the recourses extraction.

The methodology for determine the mining enterprise optimal volume of production is pro­posed in this article. The criterion of optimization is the financial result discounted to the term of the extraction final. The scientific novelty of this approach lies in the simultaneous optimization of production capacity and the term of the recourses extraction. The methodology has been tested on the example of the coalmining enterprise «Krasnolimanskaya». The results of the testing proved the possibility of its practical application in strategic planning at the mining enterprises.
STATE OF UKRAINE FOOD SECURITY: MAIN INDICATORS
Authors: Siniahovska I. Yu. , Chepurnova A. V.
Published: July 2023

Objective. The purpose of the article is to study the state of Ukraine food security at this stage of the state development using the food security indicators system.

Methods. The scientific results of the study were obtained applying the following methods: theoretical generalization and comparison (for the study of meaningful aspects of the definition of «food security»), analysis and synthesis (for analysis offood security indicators system), abstract- logical method (for establishing the trends of Ukraine food security for the analyzed period).

Results. On the basis of the analysis of the state of Ukraine food security by the main indica­tors, a significant lag of Ukraine in ensuring food security has been revealed. Thus, according to the indicator of the daily energy value of a person's diet, in 2014-2018 the calorie content of the diet has been steadily decreased, approaching the limit value (2500 kcal), and the major part of

the calorie content of the diet in 2018 is provided by the consumption of crop production — 1919 kcal (71 %). According to the indicator "maintaining a person S diet with basic types ofproducts" it has been found that only four, the most economically available food groups consumed (or ex­ceeded) the established rational norm (bread and bread products; vegetables and melons; pota­toes; vegetable oil). In other groups, the consumption ratio was less than one.

It has been found that over the 2016-2018period, the structure of spending on food has not un­dergone significant changes, and the share of expenditure on food in total household expenditure is very high. It has been determined that according to the indicator "food independence by individual product" satisfaction of the population's needs for food in 2016-2018 was provided at the expense of domestic production, only for three groups ofproducts the share of imports exceeded the established 30 % limit value.

It has been established that despite the fact that agriculture is the leading link in the economy, achieving food security in Ukraine is ruled out by a number offactors, which is reflected in its low position on the Global Food Security Index (GFSI). Factors that directly affect the country's food security include: significant disparities in consumption of crop and livestock products by the popula­tion; the high proportion of consumer spending on food in the structure of total costs; high import dependency by product category.
Incidence of clinical diseases and disorders in native sheep at the sheep research farm of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2012 to 2014
Authors: Munsi Md Nuruzzaman , Ershaduzzaman Md , Rahman Md Mamunur , Rahman Mohammad Mojibur
Published: July 2023

Livestock species play an important role in the agro-based economy of Bangladesh. The present study was performed to determine the magnitude and trends of clinical diseases and disorders in native sheep in order to design a set of strategies to be applied for the prevention and control of these problems in this farm. A total of 1870 indigenous sheep at BLRI sheep research farm, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh were included under this study. The study was carried out during the period from January 2012 to December 2014.  Diagnoses and records of clinical diseases and disorders were based on pertinent clinical history, clinical findings and laboratory tests. The major clinical diseases and disorders were determined diarrhoea (5.18%), malnutrition (2.85%), lameness (1.93%), pneumonia (1.02%), alopecia (0.88%), tapeworm infection (0.81%) and fever (0.51%). In case of seasons, the highest incidence was found during rainy season (2.26%) followed by winter (5.85%) and summer (4.25%); whereas in respect of age groups, the highest incidence was found in growing sheep (26.14%) followed by adults (12.15%)  and lambs (10.93%). Although  some diseases and disorders took place  in the BLRI sheep research farm, the incidence were very low and most of the infectious diseases did not occur because of proper management of the farm particularly regular deworming, dipping and vaccination. Moreover, on the basis of these findings measures should be taken for further prevention of such diseases and manifestations.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (1), 37-46
Tác động của bất bình đẳng giới đến tăng trưởng kinh tế tại Việt Nam: Tiếp cận phương pháp hồi quy không gian
Authors: Trần Thị Kim Oanh , Nguyễn Phạm Hồng Nhi , Phạm Nguyễn Kiều Giang , Nguyễn Đình Trúc Lân , Trần Kim Thảo , Trương Gia Hào
Published: July 2023

Tiếp cận bằng phương pháp hồi quy không gian, nghiên cứu đã phân tích tác động của bất bình đẳng đến tăng trưởng kinh tế tại 63 tỉnh/thành Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 2008– 2021. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy bất bình đẳng đã đem lại những tác động tích cực và tiêu cực đến tăng trưởng kinh tế của các tỉnh thành tại Việt Nam. Theo đó, kết quả hồi quy cho thấy, quy mô đầu tư tư nhân, độ mở của nền kinh tế, chi tiêu công cho giáo dục bình quân đầu người và tỷ lệ nữ - nam tham gia lực lượng lao động không chỉ có tác động tích cực mà còn có vai trò quan trọng thúc đẩy tăng trưởng trong nền kinh tế. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu cũng tìm thấy tác động tiêu cực của chỉ số phát triển lực lượng lao động, tỷ lệ nữ - nam nhập học trung học và đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài đến tăng trưởng kinh tế các địa phương tại Việt Nam. Bên cạnh đó, biến chỉ số giá có tác động tiêu cực nhưng không có ý nghĩa thống kê trong tác động kinh tế. Trên cơ sở các kết luận nghiên cứu thực nghiệm, đề tài đưa ra một số hàm ý chính sách hạn chế bất bình đẳng góp phần thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế tại Việt Nam.
Penerapan Support Vector Machine Dalam Peramalan Nilai Tukar Petani Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Sitohang Yosep Oktovianus
Published: July 2023

Pertanian masih menjadi sektor dominan di Provinsi Bengkulu, oleh sebab itu sasaran pembangunan disektor ini, khususnya kesejahteraan petani perlu mendapat perhatian lebih. Salah satu indikator kesejahteraan petani adalah Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP). Agar pembangunan tepat sasaran diperlukan perencanaan menggunakan kajian nilai NTP dimasa depan, sehingga metode peramalan dibutuhkan. Metode konvensional yang sering digunakan adalah ARIMA, namun metode ini memiliki banyak keterbatasan. Teknik Machine Learning yang berkembang di era Soceity 5.0 menjadi alternatif solusi dari permasalahan tersebut. Salah satu metode terbarunya untuk peramalan data deret waktu adalah Support Vector Machine (SVM). Dari hasil penghitungan didapat MAPE sebesar 8,55, termasuk dalam highly accurate forecasting sehingga SVM layak digunakan dalam peramalan.
Kondisi Tenaga Kerja Di Provinsi Bengkulu Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Nani Sumarni
Published: July 2023

One of which its impact the Covid-19 is  job availability. This study aims to  analyze  the  unemployment  rate  in  Bengkulu  Province,  especially during  the  Covid-19  pandemic.  This  research  is  quantitative  with  a descriptive statistical approach. The data source used is secondary data from  the  Central  Bureau  Statistics  for  2017-2020.  The  results  of  this study state that the Covid-19 pandemic has an influence in a decrease in the number of businesses by 0,86 percent. Two sectors, which are trade and  agriculture  sectors,  became  the  people's  main  choice  to  survive during the pandemic, compared to the industrial sector which has been most  significantly  affected  by  the  pandemic.  In  line  with  that,  the population working as family workers/unpaid workers increased to 3,71 percent. The results of the analysis of the data for the last four years show  that  in  terms  of  education  completed,  the  employment  is  still dominated by people with low education, that reached 78,27 percent. However, among the three graduates, high school graduates are the most not  being  absorbed  in  the  world  of  work.  Meanwhile,  the  number  of unemployed people with diploma education has actually decreased.
Analisis Gangguan Bahasa Pada Anak Melalui Kajian Psikolinguistik
Authors: Pratama Rifki Yoga
Published: July 2023

This analysis focuses on interdisciplinary psycholinguistics regarding language disorders in children. This article analyzes two children with language disorders. Language disorders in children often occur due to problems such as what will be discussed about what factors affect children's language disorders, knowing the indicators of language disorders in children. This analysis is intended for children aged over 3 years who have language disorders as well as the research we have done on children aged 9 years and over 6 years who have speech delays in children, the factors that influence and how speech delays occur in children. . The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method. The method aims to describe in a systematic, actual, and accurate way. This research is a research analysis of official documents such as books, articles, journals, and the internet. The accuracy of the data is obtained from the observations of the researchers themselves. The research instrument is the human instrument. Researchers become the main data collection tool as well as directly analyze the data
PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB BERBASIS MULTIPLE INTELEGENCY
Authors: SAID MOCH. , MUNIR MUHAMMAD MUBASYSYIR
Published: July 2023

The perception of intelligence in our time has changed a lot in recent times, with Gardnerâ€™s multiple intelligence theory showing that intelligence includes nine intelligences: linguistic intelligence, logical - mathematical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, bodily - kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, spatial intelligence, naturalist intelligence and existential intelligence. This theory has changed the pedagogical perception of teachers towards their students, as a smart student is not only the one who solves the mathematical questions, but each individual has his or her own intelligence, and may differ from each other. This phenomenon helps to choose the appropriate method or means of education for students given the type of intelligence they have.
NILAI-NILAI KEISLAMAN DALAM BUKU AJAR BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Faruq Muh.
Published: July 2023

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EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN KARTU GAMBAR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MAHARAH KALAM DI KELAS 4 IBTIDA' MADIN ISMAILY
Authors: Baharun Segaf , Umam Muhammad Khairul
Published: July 2023

مستخلص البحث
          تطبيق بطاقة الصور لتنمية مهارة الكلام للفصل الرابع الابتدائي بالمدرسة الدينية اسماعيلي فيما يلي وهو إن تحسين عملية التعليم والتعلم في تنمية مهارة الكلام بالعربية ببطاقة الصور لدي طلبة الفصل الرابع الابتدائي 4 في المدرسة الدينية اسماعيلي في المستوى الثاني من العام الدراسي 2022-2023م تمت ونجحت بالنتائج المسعدة من ناحيتي العملية وحصيلة الاختبار لاستيعاب المادة المدروسة كما يرجى من خطة التدريس التي صممها الباحث من قبل. وكانت إجراءاته تدريبات لغوية تركز نشاطاتها إلى تمكن الطلبة في نطق الأصوات العربية والتعبير عن أفكارهم من خلال الحوار بتراكيب الجمل البسيطة في دروسهم.
وجرت عملية التعليم والتعلم بثلاثة لقاءات لكل دور من الدورين. ولكل اللقاء فيهما حصته ثمانون دقيقة. 2) فعالية استخدام بطاقة الصورالصور لتنمية مهارة الكلام للفصل الرابع الابتدائي بالمدرسة الدينية اسماعيله بثلاثة الأمور الآتية : 1) حصيلة الملاحظة من سلوك الطلبة عندما تجرى عملية التعليم والتعلم بها دلت على أن هناك انتباه الطلبة بصورة كبيرة بهذه العملية التعليمية هم متحمسون وإيجابيون بها في العملية. وكذلك استبشارهم وإبداعهم جيد بها تزيد همتهم ورغبتهم في تعلم اللغة العربية  
 حصيلة الاختبارين للطلبة في مهارة الكلام دلت على النتائج المسعدة لأنها وصلت إلى الحد الأدنى لمعيار النجاح الصفي المقرر بل تجاوزته وكانت درجة النجاح الصفي في الدور الأول بالنسبة المئوية وصلت إلى مستوى جيد جدا لأن 19 89% منهم ناجحون في استيعاب المادة المدروسة من خلال اختبار المحاورة. ونمت كفاءتهم فيها نموا حسنا من ناحية النطق إلى 73،24% على مستوى جيد، ومن ناحية المفردات إلى 77،30% على مستوى جيد، ومن ناحية الطلاقة إلى 70،00 على مستوى جيد أيضا.
الكلامات الأساسية : بطاقة الصور، مهارة الكلام
EDUKASI KESEHATAN MAKANAN BEBAS TOKSIK DALAM MENGHADAPI PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Mamay Mamay , Muhammad Hadi Sulhan Muhammad Hadi Sulhan , N. Ai Erlinawati N.Ai Erlinawati
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has occurred over the past year throughout the country. In addition to maintaining distance, washing hands & wearing masks, another way to prevent COVID 19 is to increase or body immunity. The use of additives in food has a toxic impact. The risk of using food additives in large quantities will pose a big risk to the immune system or the body'
s immunity against various disorders and diseases so that it is easy to contract COVID 19. Therefore, it is important to consume toxic free foods that do not reduce immunity so that it is not easy to contract diseases in the face of COVID 19. The method of implementing this community service goes through 3 stages, namely: preparation, implementation and documentation. Implementation of community service through the zoom application to reduce and prevent the transmission of COVID 19. Participants who attended were 68 high school and vocational high school students. Health education for high school and vocational high school students was successfully carried out as an activity to prevent and control COVID 19 by increasing the body'
s immunity through consuming toxic free foods that reduce the risk of contracting COVID 19
Crossings of the Sambre: An Archaeological Map of the River in Belgium
Authors: Lacroix Aurélien
Published: July 2023

The study focuses on the Belgian part of the Sambre River, between the border with France and its confluence with the Meuse River at Namur. This part was canalized in the 19th and 20th centuries, during which time its length was reduced from 103 to 87.6 km. First, a recovery of its initial length was undertaken, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and comparing old and current maps. Then, the river crossings (fords, bridges, and ferries) indicated on old military maps from the 17th to the 20th centuries were placed on the proposed restitution.
Shipyards in Egypt Between Antiquity, the Present, and the Future
Authors: Mohamed Helmy Aya
Published: July 2023

Shipyards in Egypt played an extensive role in building the Egyptian civilization through the ages. Significant archaeological excavations at several sites in Egypt have revealed the remains of shipyards dating back to antiquity. Studies of Egyptian shipyards in different environments utilizing ethnographic research, have revealed the main features of Egyptian shipyards and the region’s shipbuilding industry. Shipyards reflect both the materialistic aspect represented in tools and material, and the cultural aspect represented by labourers and builders; therefore, studying Egyptian shipyards illustrates significant evidence about the outlook of the shipbuilding industry in Egypt.
Black Sea Wreck Virtual Reconstruction to Reinvigorate Archaeological Data and Comparative Studies
Authors: Gonzalez-Esteban Cristina
Published: July 2023

This short report tests a repeatable methodology for creating detailed virtual reconstructions where the model is a scientific container of the reconstruction information. The project reconstructed a Black Sea shipwreck using a photogrammetry survey and proposed a hypothesis of how it would have looked prior to sinking. To this “shell”, the metadata and paradata were added using BIM: Extended Matrix and Graphic Scale of Evidence. Academically, the “source-based reconstruction” opened a new spectrum of questions related to the ship and its community (chronology, building, propulsion, usage). The models also reported potential as public engagement tools, displaying the scientific background of archaeology.
A Lost Cargo: An Archaeological Study of Amphorae of a Late Roman Merchant Ship in the Western Black Sea
Authors: Turnbull Daisy K E
Published: July 2023

This paper discusses the remains of a ceramic assemblage associated with the cargo of a Late Roman trading vessel, discovered by the Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project (BSMAP) in 2017. Dating from the early 4th century AD, this previously undisturbed wreck is arguably the most comprehensive assemblage of a Late Roman trading vessel yet discovered outside of the Mediterranean. Through comparative analysis of 81 amphorae in the forward section of the wreck, this paper aims to draw further understanding of the maritime trade systems that operated between the major seas of the Eastern Roman empire.
Evaluation of the impact of I/Q imbalance compensation on communication performance
Authors: SAĞIR Gizem Eda , TAŞCIOĞLU Selçuk
Published: July 2023

Quadrature mixing is widely used in wireless communication receivers since it provides a solution for image signal problem with low-cost implementations. Image signal is caused by phase and amplitude mismatches between in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) paths of the receiver. This problem is known as I/Q imbalance and degrades the communication performance if not compensated. In this study, the impact of I/Q imbalance compensation on wireless communication performance is evaluated through experiments and simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that significant communication performance improvement can be achieved in terms of bit error rate (BER) and symbol error rate (SER) by compensating the I/Q imbalance properly. In the experiments, compensation is applied to the signals captured using a software defined radio with zero-IF architecture. Experimental results demonstrate that wireless transmission success rate for the zero-IF receiver is increased by compensating I/Q imbalance.
Ionization and phonon production by $^{10}$B ions in radiotherapy applications
Authors: EKİNCİ Fatih
Published: July 2023

The therapeutic use of heavy ions has received much attention due to their physical and radiobiological properties. Thanks to these features of heavy ion radiotherapy, radiation in tissues close to critical tissues can reduce LET while allowing an increase in LET in tumors. Selection of biomaterials closest to the tissue is critical to measure the accuracy of this LET transfer. The accuracy of LET and radiological features measured in phantoms created from biomaterials selected according to the characteristics of the target tissue is very important for human life. For this reason, the research of polymeric materials, which is the closest biomaterial to soft tissue and therefore phantom material, has increased recently. In this study, ionization to the polymeric biomaterials closest to the soft tissue in boron therapy application, and phonon release from all interactions were investigated and analyzed. This analysis was performed using MC-based TRIM simulation. In the analysis, the Bragg peak range closest to the soft tissue was 7.2% and PMMA was the phonon release from all interactions. It has been observed that the phonon production in phantoms results from ions on average 30% and recoils interactions 70%. The main novelty that this study will provide to the literature is to consider the phonon interactions as well as the ionization interactions. Thus, apart from proton and carbon, the most ideal polymeric biomaterial to be used instead of soft tissue was evaluated by calculating all interactions. Thus, it is aimed to determine the most ideal phantom material.
Mental and Behavioural Disorders as a Result of Using Alcohol and Psychoactive Substances
Authors: ZHYLIN Mykhailo , MENDELO Viktoriia , KARPENKO Yevhen , SAMARA Olga , KAMPI Yuriy
Published: July 2023

The use of alcohol and psychoactive substances manifests itself in the rapid destruction of behavioral mechanisms. Dependence on these substances suppresses a person’s behavioral and personal traits. The purpose of the academic paper is to determine the specifics of mental and behavioral disorders that may arise and develop as a result of a person’s use of alcohol and psychoactive substances, to establish tendencies in studying this issue in scientific circles, and to clarify certain practical aspects of this problem. In the course of the research, an analytical and bibliographic method was used to study the scientific literature on mental and behavioral disorders that occur as a result of using alcohol and psychoactive substances. Induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis of information, system-structural, comparative, logical-linguistic methods, abstraction, and idealization were applied to study and process data. At the same time, a questionnaire in online mode was conducted by the research authors for the practical clarification of particular aspects of mental and behavioral disorders due to using psychoactive substances and alcohol. Based on the research results, the principal and most important theoretical aspects of problems related to mental and behavioral disorders that may arise and develop as a result of a person’s use of alcohol and psychoactive substances are identified. Along with this, a standpoint of scientists-teachers of medical specialties of higher educational institutions and narcologists was studied regarding the key practical aspects of the issue outlined.
Новое в законодательстве
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2023

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Autonomous action and cooperativity between the ONECUT2 transcription factor and its 3′ untranslated region
Authors: Steadman Kenneth , You Sungyong , Srinivas Dustin V. , Mouakkad Lila , Yan Yiwu , Kim Minhyung , Venugopal Smrruthi V. , Tanaka Hisashi , Freeman Michael R.
Published: July 2023

The transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2) is a master transcriptional regulator operating in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that suppresses androgen receptor activity and promotes neural differentiation and tumor cell survival. OC2 mRNA possesses an unusually long (14,575 nt), evolutionarily conserved 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) with many microRNA binding sites, including up to 26 miR-9 sites. This is notable because miR-9 targets many of the same genes regulated by the OC2 protein. Paradoxically, OC2 expression is high in tissues with high miR-9 expression. The length and complex secondary structure of OC2 mRNA suggests that it is a potent master competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) capable of sequestering miRNAs. Here, we describe a novel role for OC2 3′ UTR in lethal prostate cancer consistent with a function as a ceRNA. A plausible ceRNA network in OC2-driven tumors was constructed computationally and then confirmed in prostate cancer cell lines. Genes regulated by OC2 3′ UTR exhibited high overlap (up to 45%) with genes driven by the overexpression of the OC2 protein in the absence of 3′ UTR, indicating a cooperative functional relationship between the OC2 protein and its 3′ UTR. These overlapping networks suggest an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to reinforce OC2 transcription by protection of OC2-regulated mRNAs from miRNA suppression. Both the protein and 3′ UTR showed increased polycomb-repressive complex activity. The expression of OC2 3′ UTR mRNA alone (without protein) dramatically increased the metastatic potential by in vitro assays. Additionally, OC2 3′ UTR increased the expression of Aldo-Keto reductase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase family genes responsible for altering the androgen synthesis pathway. ONECUT2 represents the first-described dual-modality transcript that operates as both a key transcription factor driving castration-resistant prostate cancer and a master ceRNA that promotes and protects the same transcriptional network.
Characterization of peripheral cytokine-secreting cells responses in HIV/TB co-infection
Authors: Tan Yuting , Guo Wei , Zhu Qi , Song Shihui , Xiang Yanni , Wu Songjie , Zou Shi , Yan Yajun , Feng Ling , Luo Mingqi , Shen Ling , Feng Yong , Liang Ke
Published: July 2023

Background

Currently the responses of peripheral cytokine-secreting cells in the natural course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection haven’t been fully elucidated.

Methods

The function of peripheral proinflammatory, regulatory and cytotoxic cytokine-secreting cells were investigated by direct intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and flow cytometry, additionally, the absolute numbers of different cytokine-secreting cells were measured among patients with HIV/TB co-infection (HT group), and compared them with the healthy controls (HC group), patients with TB (TB group) and patients with HIV infection (HIV group). After one week’s anti-TB treatment, the changes of the percentages of cytokine-secreting cells were further evaluated in TB and HT groups.

Results

Totally 26 individuals in the HC group, 51 in the TB group, 26 in the HIV group and 29 in the HT group were enrolled. The HT. HT group exhibited significantly lower absolute numbers of IFN-γ+CD4+, IFN-γ+CD8+, TNF-α+CD4+, IL17A+CD4+ T cells and TNF-α+CD14+ monocytes than the TB and HIV groups. Compared with the TB group, the percentages of CD8+ T cells secreting IFN-γ and perforin (p=0.010; p=0.043) were significantly lower among the HT group. Compared with the HIV group, the percentages of CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes secreting TNF-α (p=0.013; p=0.001; p<0.001) were significantly decreased, and the percentage of CD8+ T cells secreting IL-17A (p=0.015) was significantly increased among the HT group. Both the percentages of CD4+ T cells secreting TGF-β (p<0.001; p=0.001), and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells secreting granzyme A (all p<0.001), were significantly higher among the HT group than among the TB group and HIV group. After one week’s anti-TB treatment, an increased percentage of CD4+ T cells secreting TNF-α (p=0.003) was found in the TB group, and an increased percentage of CD8+ T cells secreting TNF-α (p=0.029) was found in the HT group.

Conclusion

Significantly different functional profiles of peripheral proinflammatory, regulatory, and cytotoxic cytokine-secreting cells were observed in the natural course of HIV/TB co-infection compared to TB and HIV infection alone, even though the absolute numbers of those cells were significantly lower in HIV/TB co-infection. TNF-α-secreting CD8+ T cells may be a more sensitive marker for early evaluation of anti-TB treatment efficacy in patients with HIV/TB co-infection.
The role of glucocorticoids in increasing cardiovascular risk
Authors: Deng Hai-Wei , Mei Wei-Yi , Xu Qing , Zhai Yuan-Sheng , Lin Xiao-Xiong , Li Jie , Li Teng-Fei , Zheng Qian , Chen Jin-Sheng , Ou-Yang Shun , Huang Zhi-Bin , Cheng Yun-Jiu
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Different studies provide conflicting evidence regarding the potential for glucocorticoids (GCs) to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the correlation between GCs and cardiovascular risk, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), death from any cause, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive search in PubMed and Embase (from inception to June 1, 2022). Studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of interest were included.

Results

A total of 43 studies with 15,572,512 subjects were included. Patients taking GCs had a higher risk of MACE (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.15–1.40), CHD (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11–1.41), and HF (RR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.51–2.45). The MACE risk increased by 10% (95% CI: 6%–15%) for each additional gram of GCs cumulative dose or by 63% (95% CI: 46%–83%) for an additional 10 μg daily dose. The subgroup analysis suggested that not inhaled GCs and current GCs use were associated with increasing MACE risk. Similarly, GCs were linked to an increase in absolute MACE risk of 13.94 (95% CI: 10.29–17.58) cases per 1,000 person-years.

Conclusions

Administration of GCs is possibly related with increased risk for MACE, CHD, and HF but not increased all-cause death or stroke. Furthermore, it seems that the risk of MACE increased with increasing cumulative or daily dose of GCs.
Inland fishing by Homo sapiens during early settlement of Wallacea
Authors: Boulanger Clara , Hawkins Stuart , Shipton Ceri , Ingicco Thomas , Sémah Anne-Marie , Samper Carro Sofia , O'Connor Sue
Published: July 2023

Homo sapienswere adept at fishing in a range of aquatic habitats by the time they left Africa and reached Southeast Asiaca. 73 kya. In the insular region of Wallacea, humans adapted to a significant maritime environment with sophisticated marine fishing methods and technology by at least 42 kya. However, despite a growing array of evidence suggesting an early inland terrestrial adaptation on large islands in this tropical region, there was previously no evidence of fishing in inland wetlands habitats on the depauperate islands of Wallacea. Here we present new evidence of both marine and freshwater fishing recovered from different occupation phases from the cave sites Laili (ca. 44.6–11.7 kya) and Matja Kuru 2 (ca. 40 kya to Late Holocene) on the island of Timor (Timor-Leste), located near significant riverine and lake environments respectively. This indicates that humans adapted to a wider range of aquatic habitats over time and space in Wallacea than previously thought and moved freely between inland and coastal habitats. Diversification of fishing strategies likely improved chances of survival in an island landscape with an impoverished suite of terrestrial vertebrates under changing climatic conditions.
The triple-dip La Niña of 2020–22: updates to the correlation of ENSO with the termination of solar cycles
Authors: Leamon Robert J.
Published: July 2023

The Sun provides the energy required to sustain life on Earth and drive our planet’s atmosphere. However, establishing a solid physical connection between solar and tropospheric variability has posed a considerable challenge across the spectrum of Earth-system science. Over the past few years a new picture to describe solar variability has developed, based on observing, understanding and tracing the progression, interaction and intrinsic variability of the magnetized activity bands that belong to the Sun’s 22-year magnetic activity cycle. A solar cycle’s fiducial clock does not run from the canonical min or max, instead resetting when all old cycle polarity magnetic flux is cancelled at the equator, an event dubbed the “termination” of that solar cycle, or terminator. In a recent paper, we demonstrated with high statistical significance, a correlation between the occurrence of termination of the last five solar cycles and the transition from El Niño to La Niña in the Pacific Ocean, and predicted that there would be a transition to La Niña in mid 2020. La Niña did indeed begin in mid-2020, and endured into 2023 as a rare “triple dip” event, but some of the solar predictions made did not occur until late 2021. This work examines what went right, what went wrong, the correlations between El Niño, La Niña and geomagnetic activity indices, and what might be expected for the general trends of large-scale global climate in the next decade.
A novel fasting regimen revealed protein reservation and complement C3 down-regulation after 14-day’s continual dietary deprivation
Authors: Hao Yaqian , Fu Yu , Sun Liangliang , Yu Yaying , Min Xia , Wei Qiannan , Huang Shuangjian , Zhao Sen , Wang Li , Wang YuanYuan , Li Yangyang , Zheng Xia , Zhang Chenlu , Xu Hongxia , Wang Xiaoxue , Lee Garrick D.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The aim is to evaluate the effect of a novel 14-day fasting regimen on the balance between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue composition which might associate with inflammatory factors. Our analysis includes basic physical examinations, clinical laboratory analysis, bioelectrical impedance and biochemical analytic assessments of healthy volunteers.

Methods

Eight healthy subjects were randomly selected from a pool of volunteers to undergo a continual dietary deprivation (CDD) regimen. Individuals were assigned to take Flexible Abrosia (FA, prebiotic combination) plus appropriate mineral supplement of potassium and magnesium at 3 mealtime every day to prevent potential injury from starved intestinal flora and avoid spasms of smooth muscle due to hunger. Physical and medical examinations were conducted and blood samples were collected at following timepoints: before CDD as self-control (0D), day 7 and day 14 during fasting, and 7-21days and/or 2~3mo after refeeding.

Results

The combination of FA and mineral supplements significantly decreased self-reported physical response of starvation, with tolerable hunger-mediated sensations experienced during CDD. Bioelectrical and biochemical results indicated significant reduction in both muscle lean and fat mass on day 7. Meanwhile, markers related to fat composition consistently decreased during and after CDD. In addition, most biochemical marker levels, including serum proteins, reached their inflection points at the 7th day of CDD as compared to the control measurements. Levels of these factors started to show a relative plateau, or reversed direction upon the 14th day of CDD. The exceptions of above factors were myostatin and complement protein C3, which remained at lower concentrations in the blood throughout CDD, and were unable to fully recover toward baseline levels even after 3 months’ refeeding.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that human subjects undergoing prolonged dietary restriction were well protected by FA and mineral ions from gut injury or physical discomfort of starvation. Most factors showed a relative plateau response at the end of 14D-CDD. The muscle tissues were well preserved during prolonged fasting, and an improved protein/lipid ratio was observed. Upon refeeding, constant lower levels of myostatin and complement C3 were maintained after CDD implies a long-term beneficial effect in dealing with anti-aging and inflammation.
GIS-based flood susceptibility mapping using bivariate statistical model in Swat River Basin, Eastern Hindukush region, Pakistan
Authors: Rahman Zahid Ur , Ullah Waheed , Bai Shibiao , Ullah Safi , Jan Mushtaq Ahmad , Khan Mohsin , Tayyab Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Frequent flooding can greatly jeopardize local people’s lives, properties, agriculture, economy, etc. The Swat River Basin (SRB), in the eastern Hindukush region of Pakistan, is a major flood-prone basin with a long history of devastating floods and substantial socioeconomic and physical damages. Here we produced a flood susceptibility map of the SRB, using the frequency ratio (FR) bivariate statistical model. A database was created that comprised flood inventory as a dependent variable and causative factors of the flood (slope, elevation, curvature, drainage density, topographic wetness index, stream power index, land use land cover, normalized difference vegetation index, and rainfall) as independent variables and the association between them were quantified. Data were collected using remote sensing sources, field surveys, and available literature, and all the studied variables were resampled to 30 m resolution and spatially distributed. The results show that about 26% of areas are very high and highly susceptible to flooding, 19% are moderate, whereas 55% are low and very low susceptible to flood in the SRB. Overall, the southern areas of the SRB were highly susceptible compared to their northern counterparts, while slope, elevation, and curvature were vital factors in flood susceptibility. Our model’s success and prediction rates were 91.6% and 90.3%, respectively, based on the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve. The findings of this study will lead to better management and control of flood risk in the SRB region. The study’s findings can assist the decision-makers to make appropriate sustainable management strategies for the mitigation of future damage in the study region.
Integrative profiling of extrachromosomal circular DNA in placenta and maternal plasma provides insights into the biology of fetal growth restriction and reveals potential biomarkers
Authors: Lin Minhuan , Chen Yiqing , Xia Shuting , He Zhiming , Yu Xuegao , Huang Linhuan , Lin Shaobin , Liang Binrun , Huang Ziliang , Mei Shiqiang , Liu Dong , Zheng Lingling , Luo Yanmin
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a placenta-mediated pregnancy complication that predisposes fetuses to perinatal complications. Maternal plasma cell-free DNA harbors DNA originating from placental trophoblasts, which is promising for the prenatal diagnosis and prediction of pregnancy complications. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is emerging as an ideal biomarker and target for several diseases.

Methods: We utilized eccDNA sequencing and bioinformatic pipeline to investigate the characteristics and associations of eccDNA in placenta and maternal plasma, the role of placental eccDNA in the pathogenesis of FGR, and potential plasma eccDNA biomarkers of FGR.

Results: Using our bioinformatics pipelines, we identified multi-chromosomal-fragment and single-fragment eccDNA in placenta, but almost exclusively single-fragment eccDNA in maternal plasma. Relative to that in plasma, eccDNA in placenta was larger and substantially more abundant in exons, untranslated regions, promoters, repetitive elements [short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)/Alu, SINEs/mammalian-wide interspersed repeats, long terminal repeats/endogenous retrovirus-like elements, and single recognition particle RNA], and transcription factor binding motifs. Placental multi-chromosomal-fragment eccDNA was enriched in confident enhancer regions predicted to pertain to genes in apoptosis, energy, cell growth, and autophagy pathways. Placental eccDNA–associated genes whose abundance differed between the FGR and control groups were associated with immunity-related gene ontology (GO) terms. The combined analysis of plasma and placental eccDNA–associated genes in the FGR and control groups led to the identification of potential biomarkers that were assigned to the GO terms of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and nutrient-related processes, respectively.

Conclusion: Together, our results highlight links between placenta functions and multi-chromosomal-fragment and single-fragment eccDNA. The integrative analysis of placental and plasma eccDNA confirmed the potential of these molecules as disease-specific biomarkers of FGR.
Homozygous deep intronic variant in SNX14 cause autosomal recessive Spinocerebellar ataxia 20: a case report
Authors: Levchenko Olga , Filatova Alexandra , Mishina Irina , Antonenko Aleksey , Skoblov Mikhail
Published: July 2023

Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 20, SCAR20 (MIM: 616354) is a rare syndromic form of hereditary ataxias. It characterized by the presence of progressive ataxia, intellectual developmental disorder, autism and dysmorphic features. The disease caused by biallelic variants in SNX14 gene that lead to loss of protein function. Typically, these variants result in the formation of a premature stop codon, a shift in the reading frame or a variant in canonical splicing sites, as well as gross rearrangements. Here we present the first case of a deep intronic variant c.462-589A>G in SNX14 identified in two sisters with SCAR20 from a consanguineous family. This variant resulted in the inclusion of a pseudo-exon 82 nucleotides long and the formation of a premature stop codon, leading to the production of a truncated protein (NP_722523.1:p.Asp155Valfs*8). Following an extensive diagnostic search, the diagnosis was confirmed using trio whole genome sequencing. This case contributes to expanding the spectrum of potential genetic variants associated with SCAR20.
Eosinophils as potential biomarkers in respiratory viral infections
Authors: Macchia Iole , La Sorsa Valentina , Urbani Francesca , Moretti Sonia , Antonucci Caterina , Afferni Claudia , Schiavoni Giovanna
Published: July 2023

Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that, under homeostatic conditions, account for as much as 1-3% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During inflammation, eosinophils can rapidly expand and infiltrate inflamed tissues, guided by cytokines and alarmins (such as IL-33), adhesion molecules and chemokines. Eosinophils play a prominent role in allergic asthma and parasitic infections. Nonetheless, they participate in the immune response against respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Notably, respiratory viruses are associated with asthma exacerbation. Eosinophils release several molecules endowed with antiviral activity, including cationic proteins, RNases and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. On the other hand, eosinophils release several cytokines involved in homeostasis maintenance and Th2-related inflammation. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, emerging evidence indicates that eosinophils can represent possible blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and severity prediction of disease. In particular, eosinopenia seems to be an indicator of severity among patients with COVID-19, whereas an increased eosinophil count is associated with a better prognosis, including a lower incidence of complications and mortality. In the present review, we provide an overview of the role and plasticity of eosinophils focusing on various respiratory viral infections and in the context of viral and allergic disease comorbidities. We will discuss the potential utility of eosinophils as prognostic/predictive immune biomarkers in emerging respiratory viral diseases, particularly COVID-19. Finally, we will revisit some of the relevant methods and tools that have contributed to the advances in the dissection of various eosinophil subsets in different pathological settings for future biomarker definition.
Growth hormone remodels the 3D-structure of the mitochondria of inflammatory macrophages and promotes metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Soler Palacios Blanca , Villares Ricardo , Lucas Pilar , Rodríguez-Frade José Miguel , Cayuela Ana , Piccirillo Jonathan G. , Lombardía Manuel , Delgado Gestoso David , Fernández-García Miguel , Risco Cristina , Barbas Coral , Corrales Fernando , Sorzano Carlos Oscar S. , Martínez-Martín Nuria , Conesa José Javier , Iborra Francisco J. , Mellado Mario
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells that support tissue homeostasis through their involvement in tissue development and repair, and pathogen defense. Emerging data reveal that metabolism may control macrophage polarization and function and, conversely, phenotypic polarization may drive metabolic reprogramming.

Methods

Here we use biochemical analysis, correlative cryogenic fluorescence microscopy and cryo-focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy.

Results

We demonstrate that growth hormone (GH) reprograms inflammatory GM-CSF-primed monocyte-derived macrophages (GM-MØ) by functioning as a metabolic modulator. We found that exogenous treatment of GM-MØ with recombinant human GH reduced glycolysis and lactate production to levels similar to those found in anti-inflammatory M-MØ. Moreover, GH treatment of GM-MØ augmented mitochondrial volume and altered mitochondrial dynamics, including the remodeling of the inner membrane to increase the density of cristae.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that GH likely serves a modulatory role in the metabolism of inflammatory macrophages and suggest that metabolic reprogramming of macrophages should be considered as a new target to intervene in inflammatory diseases.