bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Additives on the Synthesis of Foam Glasses from Polishing Porcelain Tile Waste and Carbon Ash
Authors: Guo Yu Xi , Zhang Yi He , Meng Xiang Hai , Huang Hong Wei
Published: February 2014

Lightweight foam glasses have been prepared from a mixture of solid wastes, namely polishing porcelain tile waste and carbon ash. In this work, we illustrate the effects of additives, including the carbon ash, flux agent Na2B4O710H2O and foaming stabilizer Na3PO412H2O on the quality of the foams. The results indicated that the optimum carbon ash content is 2%, and the compressive strength would fall with the addition of Na2B4O710H2O and Na3PO412H2O.
Effect of Chitosan and Turmeric Dye on Ultraviolet Protection Properties of Polyester Fabric
Authors: Sriumaoum Vorabodee , Sodsangchan Chotima , Setthayanond Jantip , Suwanruji Potjanart , Sae-Bae Porntip
Published: February 2014

This study investigated the effect of chitosan and turmeric dye on UV protection properties of polyester fabric. The results of chitosan treatment on undyed polyester fabric showed that the UPF values increased with increasing chitosan concentration. Apart from being a promising natural dye for polyester, turmeric dye was found to be an outstanding UV protection agent with almost 100% UV blocking. A study on the effect of chitosan on the properties of turmeric-dyed fabric indicated that chitosan caused a slight change of turmeric dye shade on the fabric but had no effect on UV protection properties of the fabric.
The Effective Removal of Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Fly Ash/CeO2 Composite Material
Authors: Ding Lei , Li Bei Gang , Mi Jing
Published: February 2014

Fly ash/CeO2 composite adsorbent (FA/CeO2) was prepared by HCl treatment and precipitation method using a low-cost waste fly ash (FA) as the raw material and used for the removal of Congo Red (CR) from aqueous solution. Effects of important parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration, pH value and temperature were explored. Adsorption equilibrium and isotherms were investigated. The adsorption of CR onto FA/CeO2 is a fast process and to achieve a basic balance in 30 minutes. The removal of CR is strongly pH-dependent. FA/CeO2 is an effective adsorbent for the CR removal with removal rate of 98.8% when initial CR concentration is 1000 mg/L. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The results revealed that the adsorption behavior of CR on FA/CeO2 fitted well with the Langmuir model at different temperatures. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained by Langmuir model is 232.56 mg/g which is nearly consistent with the actual adsorption value of 230.01 mg/g at 298K. The Adsorption amount decreases with increasing temperature, but the variation of the amplitude is very small.
Contactless Electroreflectance Spectroscopy of ZnO with Different Polarization-Direction Probe Beams
Authors: Chiang Y.F. , Tseng A.H. , Wang Dong Po
Published: February 2014

Contactless electroreflectance (CER) spectra of ZnO bulk has been measured at 300K. It is observed the difference between the CER spectra using by the polarization E of probe light perpendicular ( Ec) and parallel ( Ec) to the c-axis of the m-plane ZnO. In addition, a mercury lamp was focused on the sample to reduce its strength of electric field. It was observed that the CER spectrum was blue shifted with Hg lamp on. Hence, the observed features were attributed to excitonic transitions. The experimental spectra were fitted by Lorentzian lineshapes. The energies of the A ( B), B(A), and C transitions can be determined.
Experimental Study on Softening Treatment of Weak Acid Hydrogen Type Resin to Viscous Oil Sewage
Authors: Ge Xiao , Xu Ying , Dong Bin , Liu Zu Wen
Published: February 2014

This essay presents an experimental study about softening effect of weak acid hydrogen type resin on viscous oil sewage of an oil production plant through ion exchange technique, and the test results show that: when the first level of ion exchange column adopts weak acid hydrogen type resin and the second level adopts weak acid sodium type resin, pH value of final effluent is 6.7~7.0, and average hardness is 0.02 mg·L-1; when the first-level resin is invalid and regenerated, with washing for 12h at the flow rate of 10BV/H by softened water after acid feeding, about 50% of the weak acid hydrogen type resin is transformed into sodium type, and after being put into operation, the pH value the hardness and other indexes of the first-level and second-level effluent conform to national requirements. It is thus clear that: compared with the traditional process of the first-level exchange column adopting the weak acid sodium type resin, the first-level exchange column adopting the weak acid hydrogen type resin has better softening effect on viscous oil sewage, reduces alkali transformation steps during regeneration, and reduces alkali cost and environmental pollution.
Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics in Narrow Channel with Staggered Dimples
Authors: Chen Hui Yong , Guo Shuai
Published: February 2014

In this paper, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of dimple channels. To contrast with the channel with dimples, a numerical study on a smooth plate channel was also made. The results show that in dimple channel, flow separation occurred near dimple windward edge, low heat transfer rate was observed in these regions and dimple wake region owned high heat transfer rate. The calculation results show that the mean Nusselt numbers of dimple channel were 27.58 and the amplification is 15.2%. The friction factor of dimple channel is 0.018 and decrease by 5.26%, the thermal performance parameter TP is 1.18. It can be seen that the heat transfer in the channel is enhanced markedly with the staggered dimples.
Experimental Study on the Influence of other Factors on Compression Resistance Performance of Emulsion Explosives in Deep Water
Authors: Liu Lei , Liu Qiang , Cheng Li
Published: February 2014

Since oil phase materials, oxidizer, and water are important components of emulsion explosive, their influences on compression resistance performance of emulsion explosives in deep water was studied by using reusable experiment device to simulate the deep charging environment. The experimental results show that with the equivalent content of the oil phase material, the sequence of three oil phase types of emulsion explosives from good to bad in terms of compression resistance performance and explosion performance in deep water are composite wax, composite wax and machine oil, paraffin wax, vaseline and machine oil. With the equivalent content of oxidant, the type of oxidant species has quite small influence on compression resistance performance and explosion property. Within a certain range, water content has small influence on compression resistance performance, and explosion performance increases with the increasement of water content, while it significantly decreases with water content increasing to a certain amount.
Influence of Compound Sensitizers on Compression Resistance of Deep Water of Emulsion Explosives
Authors: Liu Lei , Liu Shen Zhang , Zhao Hong Quan
Published: February 2014

compound sensitizing agent is an important component of the emulsion explosive, by using reusable experiment device to simulate the deep charging environment, study compound sensitizing agent on the properties of emulsion explosive deep water pressure resistance. Experimental results show that the mixed sensitizing, the deep water pressure resistance of three kinds of emulsion explosive performance award to him a bad order: glass microspheres + perlite + sodium nitrite sensitization, glass microspheres + perlite and sensitizing sodium nitrite sensitization. Compound containing glass microspheres sensitizer, the measurement of explosive performance closer to sensitization performance when only glass microspheres, perlite, the addition of sodium nitrite on the explosive performance contribution is small. Sodium nitrite and perlite mixed sensitizing, explosive detonation "hot spots", first class formation is chemical sensitization is given priority to, only a minority of perlite as "hot spots", the measurement of explosive performance closer to use sodium nitrite sensitization performance.
Influence of Organic Matters on Forward Osmosis Membrane Performance
Authors: Xia Sheng Ji , Zhou Yu Min , Chen Jian Wei , Yang Rui Lin , Zhang Xin Huan
Published: February 2014

Forward osmosis is an emerging membrane technology with potential applications in desalination and wastewater reclamation, osmotic pressure gradient cross the FO membrane is used to generate water flux. In contrast with conventional pressure-driving membrane process, the advantage of FO is significant: energy saving, high solute rejection and low fouling propensity. In this study, alginic acid (AA), boving serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA) and tannic acid (TA) were used to investigate the influence of organic fouling. The flux changed obviously, the rejection was approving and the absorption of organics was observed in the study. Ultrasonic oscillation was employed to wipe the organics off the fouling membranes, which was intend to study the quality of absorption of organic matters.
Pressure Transient Analysis for Partial Open Fractured Wells in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Tao Hong Hua , Cheng Li Jun , Liu Jun Feng , Lu Zhao Hui
Published: February 2014

Shale gas has been paid much attention for its great potential as the unconventional energy all over the world. The great success in North America shale gas exploration and development has stimulated the exploration and development of shale gas in China. Shale gas is much different from conventional gas reservoir with its highly difficult in exploration, high technical requirements and expensive costs, so the mechanism study, characterization study and development technology of shale gas are much more important than ever before.Therefore, according to the characteristic of desorption, diffusion and seepage, a seepage model of partial open fractured wells in shale gas reservoirs has been established. The plots of pressure characteristic curves are drawn.The flowing phases are divided in the pressure characteristic curves.The factors which affect the pressure dynamic characteristics are discussed. The results can help people to understand the flow mechanism of fractured wells in shale gas reservoirs and provide the theoretical support for the high-efficiency development of shale gas reservoirs using fractured wells.
Photochemical Synthesis of Pd Core @ Pt Shell Nanoparticles in Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Solution System
Authors: Li Shan Shan , Dong Ying Nan , Xu You Ning , Li Bing , Tang Mei Ling
Published: February 2014

In the sodium citrate solution systems containing double metal ions with different Pd-Pt molar ratios and single Pt (IV) ions, Pd Core @ Pt Shell nanoparticles were synthesized by the photochemical coreduction and Pd seed method, respectively. By means of characterization of TEM, the change regularity of the composite nanoparticle sizes was studied in both preparation methods. The surface chemical state of the composite nanoparticles and their structure were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirming that Pd @ Pt nanoparticles formed are core-shell structure.
Keywords: Pd Core @ Pt Shell; Photochemical; Simultaneous reduction; Seeding growth
Removal of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb in Artificial Acid Mine Drainage by Modified Oxygen Releasing Compounds
Authors: Liu Si Min , Liu Yu Long , Song Jia Yu , Deng Hao
Published: February 2014

The aim of the study is to investigate removal of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb in acid mine drainage (AMD) using modified oxygen releasing compounds (MORCs) of which CaO2 is the main ingredient. When the MORCs are placed into AMDs, OH- will be released gently and continuously which can neutralize H+ and precipitate heavy metal ions as hydroxide/carbonates. Four types of artificial AMDs contained Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb ions with/without sulfate were prepared in the laboratory. The removal rates of the heavy metals were measured after adding MORCs to the artificial AMDs. The results showed that the removal rates of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb in all 4 artificial AMDs, after 72 hours, are more than 97%, even to 100%. However, after 96 hours, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb deposits can be re-dissolved by 16.4%, 11.2%, 7.0%, 5.0% and 4.8%, respectively, in the single-metal artificial AMDs; Pb and Cd deposits are more stable. Sulfate in the multi-metal artificial AMD hardly has effects on re-dissolution of the heavy metal deposits; and only Ni deposits in the single-metal AMD with sulfate and Cu deposits in the single-metal AMD without sulfate are re-dissolved significantly. It suggested that the MORCs should be an efficient material to remove Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb from AMDs after 72 hours than lime or limestone.
Research on the Dynamic Characteristics of Clay
Authors: Feng Qian , Li Heng , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2014

In order to obtain the dynamic response characteristics of soil parameters, dynamic triaxial test is a commonly used method, but the project generally use the resonant column test instead. We selected a typical clay in Wuhan were carried out dynamic triaxial and resonant column test, get the relationship of the dynamic shear modulus ratio and dynamic strain under different dynamic stress and dynamic relationship with the dynamic strain damping ratio, respectively. Comparative analysis showed that the resonant column test obtained smaller results than the dynamic triaxial test.
The Biobleaching Effects of Xylanase from Streptomyces griseorubens LH-3 on Bagasse Pulp
Authors: Cheng Xian Bo , Chen Gui Guang , Huang Shi Hai , Liang Zhi Qun
Published: February 2014

In this work, the S. griseorubens LH-3 crude xylanase was used to treat bagasse pulp, and the release of chromophores was the highest at the dosage of 30 IU g1 dry pulp. Pulps, untreated and treated with crude xylanase were bleached with hydrogen peroxide. Biobleaching of bagasse pulp with this enzyme increased the brightness of the pulp by 8.5% and reduced the Kappa number by 15.3% compared with the untreated group.This crude xylanase has promising potential for industrial applications.
Modeling and Weight Analysis of Urea-SCR System
Authors: Feng Tan , Lv Lin
Published: February 2014

Emission regulations for diesel engines are becoming increasingly stricter worldwide, which make the modification to the SCR aftertreatment systems for marching various diesel engines of different emission levels become an urgent problem. This work presented a complete urea-SCR modeling approach. An accurate urea-SCR model consisting of 1d/3d adblue injection model and 1d catalytic converter model was established. After the estimation of kinetic parameters, the model showed good agreement with experimental data for different exhaust temperatures. Based on this advanced urea-SCR platform, this work explored influencing factors on SCR system, analyzed the individuals' weight, and finally found out the critical elements. Obviously, the results of this work can be used to reduce the development cycle and to promote the efficiency.
Preparation and Characterization of the TiO2 Coated Silk Fibroin Filters
Authors: Makvilay Sidxay , Sanongraj Wipada , Khamwichit Wipawee
Published: February 2014

The main objectives of this research are the synthesis and characterization of the TiO2 coated silk fiborin filters for indoor air contaminant removal. Silk fibroin was degummed from silk sericin using sunlight soap solutions at 90 °C for 60 mins. Next it was washed with distilled water, reformed into a rectangle shape, and dried at 80 °C for 3 hrs in a vacuum oven. Silk fibroin filters were then coated with TiO2 solution at different dosages and dried in sunlight. Morphological structure of the TiO2 coated silk fiborin filters was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The band gap energies of the filters were measured using a UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer. Pressure drop across the filters was also examined using the manometer technique. SEM micrographs revealed the fibrous morphology of the SF fiber. An average diameter of the SF fiber was estimated to be approximately 10 μm. The spectral data recorded from the UV/VIS spectrophotometer showed the strong cut off at 390 nm. Therefore, the band gap engergy can be caculated to be approximately 3.17 eV. From the pressure drop testing, differential pressure of the filters without TiO2 was very small, and it was relatively increased with percent TiO2 coated on the SF filters. However, the differential pressures of the SF filter are less than that of the commercial air filter. The VOCs removal efficiency of the synthesized filters will be further investigated.
Topology Optimal Design of Heat Conductive Structure Based on Temperature Gradient Criterion
Authors: Cao Ru
Published: February 2014

Based on evolutionary structural optimization (Abbr. ESO) theory, the mathematical model using for topology optimal design of heat conductive structure is constructed by deleting the elements which temperature gradient is lower .Based on the selecting logic method, the numerical calculating program is developed by using APDL command in ANSYS. The feasibility and universality of this method have been well verified in the numerical calculating examples.
Performance Analysis of a Multijunction Photovoltaic Cell Based on Cadmium Selenide and Cadmium Telluride
Authors: Salim Sartaz Tabinna , Amin Sayeda Anika , Salam K.M.A. , Al Galib Mir Abdulla
Published: February 2014

A multi-junction photovoltaic cell based on group II-VI Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) and Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) with a single layer anti-reflective coating of Silicon Di Oxide (SiO2) has been introduced. In this paper we have performed a comparison of solar energy absorption of CdSe/CdTe cell with existing single and multi-junction cells. The cell has shown significant photon absorption in the spectral range of 300nm-2000nm with an efficiency of 34.6% under terrestrial AM1.5, 1 sun condition.
Research on the Modeling of Metal Material Properties Based on Logistic Model
Authors: Zhang Shi Yu , Li Xi Ling
Published: February 2014

The fact that it is difficult to establish the mathematical model of metal materials by theoretical study method means that can be done by statistical methods. Happens to, the logistic model is more suitable for this work. This paper tries to establish the model of steel hardenability curve by transforming logistic model without a large number of specimens.
Simulation on Heat Transfer Performance of Directionally Solidified Porous Copper Heat Sink
Authors: Chen Liu Tao , Zhang Hua Wei , Liu Y. , Li Y.X.
Published: February 2014

Porous copper fabricated by unidirectional solidification of metal-gas eutectic can be used to manufacture a special kind of micro-channel heat sink. A three dimensional model is developed to investigate the heat transfer in porous copper heat sink. However the experimental results of heat transfer performance are far less than the simulation results. That is mainly because some of the pores are nonpenetrative. When the simulation model is modified by taking the penetration ratio into account the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results.
Study of Concrete Composite with Participation of Waste from Sewage Plants
Authors: Rajczyk Jarosław , Respondek Zbigniew
Published: February 2014

In this article a development at the Czestochowa University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering is presented concerning waste management technology in which sediment with grit is used technological sewage treatment plant. Waste which is chemical and or biological can be reused but it is associated with costs. After mechanical and chemical processing of the waste, it was used as a component in concrete which was for the implementation of concrete foundations of local roads. It is presented in this article, the allowance for the use of a chemically and biologically harmful waste from grit treatment plant as an ingredient in concrete, designed for installation in concrete substructure of local roads. The processed waste, which has undergone particular chemical and mechanical treatment, can be utilized in concrete product that is not a threat to the environment.
Influence of Vehicle Velocity and Wheelbase on Washboard Enhancement Coefficient
Authors: Li Wen Liang , Zhou Wei , Gao Li , Dai Wei Liang
Published: February 2014

With finite element simulation method, the fatigue life of vehicle front floor is analyzed in different vehicle wheelbases and velocities, and the washboard enhancement coefficient is calculated, then K-v curve, K-m curve and K-v-m surface are drawn, with which influence of vehicle velocity and wheelbase on washboard enhancement coefficient is studied. The study results show that, when the wheelbase is constant, washboard enhancement coefficient increases first and then decreases with velocity increasing, and reaches peak at a certain velocity; when velocity is constant, washboard enhancement coefficient decreases as wheelbase increasing; when velocity and wheelbase both changes, washboard enhancement coefficient varies in K-v-m surface.
Laboratory-Scale Experimental Design to Establish the Optimum Conditions for Chrome Plating Process: A Case Study
Authors: Somsuk Nisakorn , Kosanan Onuma , Maimun Chitlada , Pongpanich Pongtiwa
Published: February 2014

This paper aims to determine the optimum conditions in Chrome plating process for ABS products by using laboratory-scale experimental design, and taking a company in Chrome plating industry as a case study. This study is composed of two main parts; 1) screening design using a 2-level factorial design to find the few significant factors from a list of potential ones, and 2) analysis for the optimum levels of the factors using a 3-level factorial design and response surface methodology. The response used is the percentage of defects found in plated brass. The results of the study found that screening factor is able to reduce number of the factors from 6 to 4. Then the finding of conducting 3-level factorial design is that four factors significantly affect the response of percentage of defects found in brass specimen, at the 5% significant level. By using response surface method provides the Quadratic model which shows the relationship between four factors on the response. The information as appropriate factor levels in laboratory-scale experimental will be as a guideline for this company to reduce the amount of produced defect and to improve the surface quality of Chrome plating.
A Localization Model for Snubber Machining of Precision Forging Blade
Authors: Yang Jian Hua , Zhang Ding Hua , Wu Bao Hai , Zhang Ying
Published: February 2014

The compressor blades of aero-engines are usually produced with precision forging technology to get net-shape free-form surface of the blades. Due to the complex shape of blade snubber, it’s very difficult to get net-shape for it. While, there are still lots of raw material around it, further multi-axis machining is needed. However, without raw material left on blade surfaces, it is very difficult and skill-dependent to design special fixture to localize the blade with its net-shape free-form surface for multi-axis milling. In order to mill blade snubber with high accuracy, a mathematical model for localization precision forging blade with snubber is proposed in this paper. According to the processing characteristic of precision forging blades, a point set selection method based on the CAD model is proposed. In this method, localization transform parameter is obtained by using SVD (Singular Value Decomlocalizing), and solving process is completed by employing iterative nearest point (ICP) algorithm. Finally, a machining simulation experiment is carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Construction of Circulating Economy Development Model for New Generation Iron and Steel Plant
Authors: Zhang Fu Ming , Meng Xiang Long , Cao Chao Zhen , Li Lin
Published: February 2014

The problems existing in the development of modern iron and steel industry is analyzed in this paper, and a basic development model of circulating economy in modern iron and steel industry is put forward. There are three basic functions for new generation of circulating iron and steel enterprises include steel product manufacture, energy conversion, and the social waste disposal, circulating economy will become the only approach of survival and development for the contemporary steel enterprises in the future. In this article the design philosophy of the high-efficiency circulating new generation steel plant combine with the design of Shougang Jingtang iron and steel plant is discussed and evaluated. The application of principle of the reduction, reusing, recycling for the new generation steel plant design is introduced and expatiated.
Planning and Supervising Assembly Works Using Microsoft Project
Authors: Nae Ion , Ionescu Gabriela Cristina , Ionescu Octavian , Minescu Mihail
Published: February 2014

The process of assembling is one of the most important steps of technological process of production, consisting in a logical succession of operations with the goal of grouping pieces in subassemblies, assemblies in aggregates and aggregates in product.This paper, presents a new method of analysis, planning and consequently obtaining a reliable tool for supervising technological process of assembling for an expandable slide valve.
The Application of Soy Biodiesel in Bituminous Priming of Soil-Aggregate Layers of Low Traffic Volume Roads in the State of Ceara, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Bruno Tiago Angelo , de Araújo Barroso Suelly Helena
Published: February 2014

This work investigates the potential of penetration, in terms of bituminous prime coat, of an asphalt mixture produced adding Soy Biodiesel [BIO] to the Asphalt Cement [AC] to be used in low traffic volume roads in the state of Ceara, Brazil. The main objective of this investigation was finding a less polluting alternative, by replacing kerosene, usually applied as diluent of AC in the traditional mixture CM-30. Therefore, a comparative study was made between the traditional binder [CM-30] and the proposed mixture [40% of Soy Biodiesel and 60% of AC 50/70], named as AC/BIO. Both tested binders were used in specimens made by the stabilization of a sandy soil, adding 50% and 60% of construction and demolition waste, resulting in two different soil-aggregate mixtures. The research considered some factors that influence the extent of penetration of the prime coat: moisture content of the base, type and volume of binder used and compaction energy. The characterization of the materials used in this research included tests such as the gradation of the aggregates, CBR and Resilient Modulus of the mixtures soil/aggregate, viscosity Saybolt-Furol and penetration of the binders (traditional and AC/BIO) in the samples of soil/aggregate. The results showed that the penetration potential of the AC/BIO mixture was similar to the CM-30 keeping the technical viability.
Cooperative Control for Satellite Formation Reconfiguration via Cyclic Pursuit Strategy
Authors: Yang Tao , Hu Zheng Dong , Yang Li Bo
Published: February 2014

This paper investigates a methodology for group coordination and cooperative control of satellites with the aim to achieve formation reconfiguration such as radius enlargement and phase angle adjustment. The proposed approach separates the control law into two distinct stages: planar movement control and orthogonal displacement suppression. The in plane approach is based on a cyclic pursuit strategy, where satellite i pursues satellite i +1. For phase angle adjustment, a control law that makes use of beacons guidance is synthesized to maintain the circling centre stationary. In the orthogonal direction, a linear feed back control on displacement and velocity is used. Simulation of two missions with low thrust are provided, which high light the over all effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Monitoring of the Stress State in the Boiler Drum Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Węglowski Bohdan , Ocłoń Paweł , Majcher Andrzej
Published: February 2014

The calculations of stresses acting on the wall of boiler drum during the start-up process are presented in this paper. On the basis of the temperature measurements, which were carried out to determine the temperature distribution along the circumference of the outer wall of boiler drum, the temperature at the inner wall surface is determined using the inverse methods. The computations are carried out for the whole operation cycle of the power plant. Therefore, the pressure and temperatures are updated at consecutive time steps. These parameters allow determining the maximum values of circumferential, axial and Von Misses stresses during the operation cycle of steam boiler.
Three Dimensional Triangle Chaotic Micromixer
Authors: Li Lin , Chen Qing De , Tsai C.T.
Published: February 2014

Micromixer is essential component of microfluidic system which has wide application in the field of chemistry and biochemistry. A highly efficient and easily fabricated three dimensional micromixer based on chaotic advection is proposed and investigated. The depth of 25μm for each layer of micromixer and two kinds of fluids, which have viscosities of 0.00097kgm-1s-1 and 0.186kgm-1s-1 with Re number from 0.001 to 150, are adopted for numerical investigation of mixing efficiency by using ANSYS-Fluent. High mixing index of more than 90% can be obtained by using less than 300μm of length under Re number of 0.01 for mixing Fluid 1. However, it requires 850μm to achieve mixing index of more than 90% for hard-to-mix Fluid 2.
Numerical Study on the Growth and Collapse of a Cavitation Bubble inside a Rigid Cylinder with a Compliant Coating
Authors: Rouzbahani Fardin , Shervani-Tabar M.T.
Published: February 2014

In this paper, growth and collapse of a cavitation bubble inside a rigid cylinder with a compliant coating (a model of humans vessels) is studied using Boundary Integral Equation and Finite Difference Methods. The fluid flow is treated as a potential flow and Boundary Integral Equation Method is used to solve Laplaces equation for velocity potential. The compliant coating is modeled as a membrane with a spring foundation. The effects of the parameters describing the flow and the parameters describing the compliant coating on the interaction between the fluid and the cylindrical compliant coating are shown throughout the numerical results. It is shown that by increasing the compliancy of the coating, the bubble life time is decreased and the mass per unit area has an important role in bubble behavior.
Analysis on Failure Mechanism of Sucker Rod Pumping System
Authors: Liang Hua , Li Xun Ming
Published: February 2014

There is the higher fault probability under the bad work conditions of the rod pumping system.According to the failure of the sucker rod pumping installation, a comprehensive survey is carried out. There is many influence factors of deep well pump working downhole, not only influenced by the machine, wells, pumping equipment, but also by sand, wax, gas, water. Pump conditions can be diagnosed by surface dynamometer card, surface dynamometer card is the first-hand information collected in pumping well of oilfields. By analyze the Characteristics of the different fault dynamometer, Lay the foundation for the further fault diagnosis and prediction. The different pattern of the different dynamometer is important.
Classification and Properties of Modes in Bragg Fibers
Authors: Liao Tong Qing , Peng Lu Lu , Xia Hui Min , Hui Rong Qing
Published: February 2014

Modes supported in air-core Bragg fibers with infinite number of H/L(high/low) layers are modeled and simulated which provide a solid foundation for the analysis of modes supported in air-core Bragg fibers with finite number of H/L layers. Three types of modes supported in Bragg fibers with a finite number of H/L layers are well defined and divided into branches in the mode spectrum. The three types of modes can be identified as quasi-guided modes, leaky modes and PML modes and their different characteristics are shown by the corresponding field patterns.
Fabrication of Hip and Pelvis Part for Designing Acetabular Implant by Using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Machine
Authors: Way Wan Yusoff , Zawanah Z.Nur , Nurshafika A.B. , Ani M.H. , Mustafah Y.M.
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this research is to fabricate the hip and pelvis part for designing the acetabular implant by using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique. The methodology of this research is begin by converting the 2D image of CT into 3D image through Invesalius 3.0 software. Then the 3D image is converted to .stl format and exported to FDM machine for fabrication purpose. The finish prototype of 3D biomodel replica is evaluated in order to define the problem face by the patient. Also, the dimensional accuracy is measured between 3D replica model and 3D virtual model. Based on the result of 3D biomodel, the ball joint of the femur on the right side is dislocating from its original position because of the fracture occur on acetabular socket. The implant for acetabular fracture is design by using CATIA software and the design must ensure to be fit with the fracture area. Therefore, this study has contributed to medical area especially in Malaysia in improving patient specific preoperative planning and giving better visualization information of the fracture.
A Probabilistic Fatigue Model for Quasi-Brittle Materials
Authors: Yu Rena C. , Saucedo Luis , Ruiz Gonzalo
Published: February 2014

We aim to develop a new fatigue model valid for quasi-brittle materials like concrete, which properties have considerably larger standard deviation than metals. Having this in mind, we fit the measured strength data with a three-parameter Weibull cumulative distribution function and in turn take it as the initial distribution for an asymptotic fatigue model in concrete. We also take into account the observed influence of frequency and stress ratio on the fatigue life in concrete, both plain and reinforced with fibers. The developed model is validated against fatigue tests in compression on cubic specimens for different stress ratios and loading frequencies. The secondary strain rate is also found to be correlational with the number of cycles to failure.
Effect of Homogenization Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of ZnAl15 Alloy
Authors: Yan Xin Qi , Chen Yong , Liu Sheng Xin , Long Wei Min , Huang Jun Lan , Zhang Liang Ying
Published: February 2014

The microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of as-cast and as-annealed ZnAl15 alloys were investigated by OM, SEM, EDX and DSC techniques. It was found that microstructure of as-cast ZnAl15 alloy was primary dendrites and eutectic matrix. But Primary discontinuous precipitation of αs and βs phase occurred at room temperature. During homogenization treatment, discontinuous precipitation of αs and βs phase occurred completely and accompanied with emitting heat. The final microstructures of decomposed αs and βs phase in primary dendrites were fine and coarse lamellar structures respectively. The final microstructures of decomposed βs, which located at the edges of the αs phases or in eutectic matrix were that α phase distributed in η matrix. The microhardness of both primary dendrites and eutectic matrix in ZnAl15 alloys decreased after homogenization treatment due to the decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions. The result of accelerated corrosion test showed that homogenization treatment has a certain beneﬁcial effect on the corrosion resistance of ZnAl15 alloy.
The Optical Properties and the Structure of CuInS2 Thin Films Deposited by Oblique Angle Deposition Technique
Authors: Peng Xiang , Zhao Yue , Ding Yan Li , Zhou Ming Tao , Shi Jin He , Wang Li Rong , Liang Xiao Yan , Min Jia Hua
Published: February 2014

The oblique angle deposition (OAD) technique was used to deposit copper indium disulfide (CuInS2) films onto glass substrates by a vacuum thermal evaporation method. The powder source used in this work was obtained from the crushed CuInS2 polycrystalline ingot grown by Vertical Bridgeman method. In order to study the influences of depositing angle on the optical property and the structure of the CuInS2 films, the depositing angle θ was varied from 10° to 70° with a 30° gradient. These films were characterized by SEM, XRD and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the optical property and the structure of the films were closely related to the depositing angle θ. When the depositing angle θ increased, the band gap increased and the intensity of (112) characteristic peak of the CuInS2 films decreased.
On Line Monitoring of Quality of Friction Surfacing
Authors: Janakiraman S. , Udaya Bhat K.
Published: February 2014

Quality of deposition during friction surfacing depends on a number of parameters. With instrumentation many of these parameters can be observed in real time. Monitoring of these parameters allows one to incorporate necessary corrections, whenever, that parameters goes out of the safe domain. Present investigation aims at the potential of monitoring some of these parameters online and the quality of the deposition. It is observed that spindle speed and torque are not effective parameters whereas monitoring material consumption or height of the consumable friction tool is very much useful in monitoring the quality of the deposition
Effect of Nickel Sulphate to Hypophosphite Ratio on the Electroless Deposition of Ni-P Coatings on Aluminium
Authors: Jayalakshmi M. , Udaya Bhat K.
Published: February 2014

Electroless Ni-P alloy was deposited on commercial pure aluminium with different nickel source–reducing species ratios. Deposition time was fixed as two hours. The deposits were characterised for changes in morphology and crystallinity. It was observed that increase in nickel source to reducing species ratio produced a deposit with reduced mean nodule size. Also, nodule size distribution was narrow. Deposits with increased ratio showed higher levels of crystallinity
Improvement of Preventive Maintenance Plan for an Automatic Labeling System: A Case Study of a Carbonated Soft Drink Industry
Authors: Kosanan Onuma , Somsuk Nisakorn , Maimun Chitlada , Satianrangsarith Worlaluck
Published: February 2014

The aims of this research are to improve the preventive maintenance plan and to prepare the autonomous maintenance plan of an automatic labeling system for a carbonated soft drink industry as a case study. The labeling system of the case study has experienced the wastes in maintenance. According to the maintenance problem analysis, the main causes are lack of or inadequate preventive maintenance program, inadequate work order monitoring system, and inadequate staff skills (problem-solving skills of maintenance) to perform work. Therefore, in order to reduce the number and length of machine breakdowns and the seriousness of breakdowns, the preventive maintenance program is used instead of breakdown and routine maintenance by which maintenance skills are required, and in order to improve how machines are operated and handled by improving the skills, and the autonomous maintenance manual is set up to prepare for autonomous maintenance. After the improved preventive maintenance plan has been developed and then implemented, it was found that machine downtime reduced by 1.35% and machine availability increased by 1.74%.
Effects of Silane Coupling Agent/Organic Bentonite on Tea Saponin Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings
Authors: Qian Wei , Li Xiang Zhou , Wu Zhi Ping
Published: February 2014

In this paper, silane coupling agent and organic modified bentonite were used in tea saponin intumescent flame-retardant coatings to improve the flowability, storage stability and film properties. The effects of silane coupling agent and organic modified bentonite on the flowability, storage stability and film properties were discussed, and flame resistance and pyrolysis performance of the flame-retardant coatings also were investigated. The results show that silane coupling agent can greatly improve the rheological properties, storage stability and film properties of the flame-retardant coating at the amount of 1.5%. Flame-retardant coatings have good dispersion properties and thixotropy, When bentonite modified with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC-Bentonite) was introduced to the coatings. Fire resistance test and TG-DTG analysis showed that silane coupling agent/organic bentonite can promote the charring of the coatings and increase the amount of char, which protecting the internal substrates, reducing the thermal degradation rate. What's more, the flame retardancy of the materials was improved significantly owing to the increasing of the amount of residual carbon and the enhancing of thermal stability at a high temperature.
Refining of the Steels Significantly Improve the Quality
Authors: Híreš Ondrej , Lipták Peter , Barényi Igor
Published: February 2014

Steel alloyed by nickel, chromium and molybdenum reach according to normative standards (EN) yield point about 900 MPa and contraction about 25% after heat treatment. Authors of this paper noticeably increase the strength properties of that steel without changes in plastic properties with using of electroslug remelting refining technology (ESR). Subject of research are forgings of very large mass and dimensions. The forgings are used in special armament technology as (tank gun barrels). Very negative influence on mechanical properties of final product has content of nanodimensioned impurities.
Experimental Research on NC Electrochemical Machining of Passage between the Two Adjacent Blades of Integral Impeller
Authors: Zhu Peng Xiang , Gan Wei Min , Xu Yue
Published: February 2014

ntegral impeller geometries are complex and its material is also particularly difficult to machine, what makes conventional machining cannot process the integral impeller in the high quality, low cost way. The article study on the groove of the integral impeller is processed by the way of NC electrochemical machining. By orthogonal experiments, based on analyzing the factors such as cathode width, machining voltage, electrolyte pressure and spindle speed, and the optimal parameters was obtained. The test results show that using NC electrochemical machining of integral impeller has an irreplaceable superiority.
Development and Application on Large Annular Shaft Kiln at Shougang
Authors: Zhou Hong , Zhang Fu Ming , Zhang Tao
Published: February 2014

The current status of technical development of annular shaft kiln for limestone calcination production is described in this paper. Based on the existing technological accumulation, a new type annular shaft kiln with capacity of 600t/d has been developed independently by Beijing Shougang International Engineering Technology Co. Ltd. A number of key technologies of the new type large annular shaft kiln are researched and integrated, include thermal process system determination, lining refractory structure optimization, heat-exchanger configuration etc. The major advanced characteristics of new type annular shaft kiln are energy saving, higher efficiency, lower environmental pollution, lower emission, lower engineering investment, and lower operation cost. The excellent performances and application results in production have been achieved at Shougang Qiangang steel plant.
The Effect of Grain Size and Cobalt Content on the Wear of Ultrafine Cemented Carbide Tools
Authors: Cheng Jian Bing , Pang Si Qin , Wang Xi Bin , Wang Xi Bin , Lin Chen Guang
Published: February 2014

This work contributes to a better understanding of wear mechanisms of ultrafine cemented carbide cutting tools used in turning operation of superalloy and high strength steels at high cutting speeds. The main objective of this work is to verify the influence of grain size and the cobalt content of ultrafine cemented carbide tools on tool life and tool wear mechanism. The main conclusions are that grain size and the cobalt content of ultrafine cemented carbide tools strongly influence tool life and tool wear involve different mechanisms. The wear mechanisms of different grain size and the cobalt content of ultrafine cemented carbide tools observed on the rake face at these conditions were adhesion and notch, at the end of tool life, adhesion was the main wear mechanism at higher cutting speeds.
CO2 Laser Induced Blind-Via for Direct Electroplating
Authors: Huang Yu Xin , He Wei , Tao Zhi Hua , Xv Huan , Luo Xv
Published: February 2014

Blind-via plays a crucial role in interlayer interconnection of printed circuit board. To get the blind via metallized a direct electroplating process has been put forward by the way of a inducing CO2 laser beam irradiating the copper in the bottom of blind via. The method for direct electroplating of copper onto a non-copper platable layer has been investigated in blind via metalization. The regression analysis was used to discuss the laser beam energy in different parameters. The results of electroplated blind via showed that the copper in the bottom of blind via can be induced by CO2 laser, and the induced copper particles ejected to the hole wall plays a role of the conductive film layer that mainly composed of copper by electroless plating or carbon black conductive film during electroplating, plasma used in cleaning blind via can promote the sorption of induced copper particles onto the via wall.
Nanotechnology of Grained Multyligand Luminescent Materials for SSL, SC and X-Ray Sensors
Authors: Soschin Naum , Ulasyuk Vladimir
Published: February 2014

A lot of literature sources are devoted to nitrides heterostructures for LEDs, not less to the designing problems of converters of their radiation to white light. In our present work we are focused only on optimization of phosphor's properties. New multiligand photoluminophores for white light emitting diodes, solar batteries and x-ray detectors as well as original technological methods of their manufacturing and some obtained results are described.
Composite Polymer Joining by Laser Combined Hybrid Laser Process
Authors: Choi Hae Woon , Yoon Jin Young
Published: February 2014

A novel hybrid process (2D scanner + LASER + CNC machining) was used to join transparent and opaque polymers. A 30W diode laser and a 3-axis CNC machining center were combined to accommodate a 2D scanning system for high flexibility and productivity. The scanning speed, the number of repetitions and the laser power were selected as parameters for the weld test. By combining CNC and laser, the productivity and accuracy were improved and manufacturing cost decreased accordingly. The maximum speed of 1130 mm/min was achieved with minimum power of 2Watt. The developed system demonstrated the joining of transparent PC and opaque ABS polymers by using 2 dimensional laser beam motion. The air gap could be minimized by using constant force on the upper holding plate, and preheating by the first run of the laser system. The weld bead decreased at the lower laser power and the higher laser scanning speed.
A Method of Improving Accuracy of Lapping Main Cylinder of Brake-Pump
Authors: Yang Jian Dong , Li Feng Xiang , Yan Hui
Published: February 2014

This paper analyzes the existing problems of acting lapping pressure in lapping internal holes of main cylinder of brake-pump with solid abrasives, proposes a new type of solid abrasives supporting method, namely, three supportting points acting lapping pressure method. The method improves pressure distribution between solid abrasives and the surface of the machined workpiece,which is favorable to increase cylindricity of machined hole.Through actual machining process, new method is demonstrated increasing cylindricity accuracy of machined holes of main cylinder significantly.