bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Blind Box Economy Based on Product Design and Marketing Strategy of "POP MART
Authors: Wang Zihao
Published: April 2024

The blind box economics refers to a system where a product is enclosed within a packaging that remains sealed, so concealing its contents from the consumer. The method aims to captivate clients by generating excitement, motivating them to eagerly open the subsequent package following their purchase. The popularity of blind boxes is increasing worldwide, attracting a growing number of collectors within the community. This study analyzes the blind box economy, focusing on the product design's ability to generate excitement for customers. The study specifically highlights POP MART, a prominent company in this sector. During the study, the author emphasizes the significance of innovative product design, including conceptual elements, and enhancing customer experience in fostering consumer participation within the blind box community. The study delves into various domains of research, including community building, digital marketing, and limited edition releases. These examples illustrate the process of generating client desire and fostering future engagement. Primarily, it is necessary to examine the impact of market trends and client behaviors on the future economy of the country. The paper discusses the successful implementation of problems by POP MART and their impact on customers and businesses inside the blind box economy.
Analysis of Quad's Transformation into a Global Marketing Powerhouse
Authors: Shi Yongzhu
Published: April 2024

Recently, the digital printing business has been growing all over the world because of new ideas and an increasing need for different ways to print things. A big company called "Quad", located in Sussex, Wisconsin, the United States and worth $2.93 billion, has made a huge difference in the digital print business. In this context, this paper discusses the main strong points of the company Quad, how it comes up with new ideas for products, and if it can handle issues or possibilities in this industry. By conducting a SWOT analysis, it can be concluded that Quad's proprietary technologies, plans for customers, and easy business strategies make it well-known in the world of digital printing. Besides, the company's ability to use its strengths while dealing with weaknesses and risks shows that it can keep growing and stay successful for a long time. This paper helps with the planning of the company Quad, so as to keep or improve its popularity in the market.
Challenges and Opportunities of the Digital Economy for Sustainable Development
Authors: Cao Zhaojie
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of technology, the digital economy has become one of the main drivers of global economic growth. However, it also brings a series of challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. This paper delves into the impact of the digital economy on sustainable development, analyses the challenges involved, and explores the potential opportunities for sustainable development in the digital economy. Firstly, the author sorts out the definition, scope, and development trend of the digital economy. Then, the application of digital economy in various fields is explored in detail, revealing its potential value in social, economic, and environmental aspects. However, the rise of the digital economy has also brought about a series of environmental, social, and economic challenges, such as e-waste, the digital divide, structural change in employment, and inequality. Meanwhile, this paper highlights the opportunities the digital economy presents for sustainable development, promoting environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and economic innovation. Through innovations in digital technologies, environmental issues are better addressed, socially inclusive growth is achieved, and economic innovation is driven. The article emphasises the positive interaction between the digital economy and sustainable urban development through case studies. It concludes with an outlook on the future trends of the digital economy and recommendations for integrating sustainable development concepts to ensure that the digital economy becomes a powerful enabler of sustainable development. Through comprehensive analyses, this paper aims to provide insightful perspectives on the relationship between the digital economy and sustainable development.
Influence and Promotion of Financial Mathematics on China's Contemporary Financial Market
Authors: Duan Xiaofei
Published: April 2024

The financial market is the mechanism used to trade financial assets and determine their prices. The market system that is extensive is composed of multiple branches, including the securities market, stock market, fund market, and others. Due to the development of modern economy, financial mathematics has gradually become an important part of the financial market. By combining its own characteristics with modern science and technology, and exploring the securities theory of the financial market, financial institutions can obtain more precise data resources. Financial mathematics uses mathematical thinking and computer advantages to quantify the financial market. Then constructing mathematical models, analyzing the data, and calculating them, which is a significant way to promote the development of the financial market. This paper mainly explores the impact of financial mathematics on the financial market, with the aim of better promoting social development. In this paper, the method of literature analysis is used to investigate the influence and promotion of financial mathematics in the field of modern financial markets. The conclusion shows that financial mathematics is an important part of the promotion of the market and that this new discipline has unlimited potential.
Implementation Effect of the Company's Equity Incentive Plan: Evidence from Youyou Food
Authors: Wang Qi
Published: April 2024

As a matter of fact, regarding as an effective way to attract and retain talents, equity incentives were first implemented by high-tech enterprises in the United States. The purpose of this study is to deeply explore the implementation effect of the company's equity incentive plan. With this in mind, this paper takes Youyou Food Company as a case for analysis. By comparing the situation before and after the implementation of the equity incentive plan of Youyou Food Company, the effect of its equity incentive in three aspects (i.e., profitability, development ability and debt repayment ability) was analyzed. According to the analysis, the effect of Youyou Food's implementation of equity incentives did not reach the expected rate of return, which may be due to the economic downturn in the general environment eating up the benefits of equity incentives. At the same time, the problems as well as suggestions are proposed based on the analysis.
Financial Analysis and Strategic Valuation of Disney
Authors: Li Yawei
Published: April 2024

In the context of a global economic deceleration and heightened financial market turbulence, this study strategically opts for The Walt Disney Company as the focal point for investment scrutiny. Firstly, a meticulous exposition of the company's historical context and the most recent developments are presented. Subsequently, a granular examination of financial intricacies is undertaken, delving into aspects such as revenue recognition, film and television content costs, and the valuation of goodwill, other intangible assets, and long-lived assets. This comprehensive financial analysis aims to provide a nuanced understanding of The Walt Disney Company's fiscal standing. Furthermore, three enterprises in direct competition with Disney are meticulously chosen to provide a holistic evaluation of the company's competitive standing. This includes an exhaustive financial comparative analysis encompassing liquidity, solvency, profitability, and investment capabilities. Following this, a meticulous exploration of Disney's strategic valuation ensues, culminating in a detailed exposition of potential investment hazards. In the final analysis, this research synthesizes the insights gleaned from the preceding investigations to proffer targeted investment recommendations. The culmination of these analyses provides a multifaceted perspective that appraises the current financial health of The Walt Disney Company and furnishes actionable insights for prospective investors navigating the complex landscape of contemporary global markets.
New Opportunities for Investment Banks in the Meta-Universe: Strategy, Innovation and Earnings Growth
Authors: He Hongyi , Kan Hongbo
Published: April 2024

As a matter of fact, the concept of "Metaverse", which originated from science fiction, has become a hot topic in the current world with the advancement of technology and global attention in recent years. To be specific, the rise of the Metaverse, especially with the entry of many headline Internet companies, has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to investment banks. This emerging digital realm is more than just a concept of virtual space; it also represents a new interactive economic model that brings innovative possibilities to the financial services industry. With this in mind, this study explores how investment banks can innovate their business models and diversify their revenue streams through the meta-universe. Acccording to the anlaysis, this study clarifies the emerging field affects the banks' business processes, risk management and client services. At the same time, the future development suggestions are proposed based on the anlaysis. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of investment banks development.
Influence of Corporate Governance Structure on Financial Fraud in Listed Companies
Authors: Bai Haorui
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of the economy, listed companies occupy an increasingly important position in the economic system, and financial fraud has been a problem plaguing listed companies. Financial fraud not only affects the development of the company, but also causes damage to the interests of stakeholders. This paper mainly studies the corporate governance structure of listed companies in order to understand the impact of corporate governance structure on financial fraud of listed companies. Secondly, this paper also explores the methodology regarding the study of financial fraud in order to understand the motives of listed companies practicing financial fraud. This paper examines the influence of different corporate governance structures on financial fraud in listed companies by reviewing the relevant literature in academia. On this basis, this paper argues that different corporate governance structures and different components of corporate governance structures can have an impact on financial fraud in listed companies.
The Impact of Financial Risk Factors on Chinas Real Economy
Authors: Zhu Fengyi
Published: April 2024

As the worlds second largest economy, China has accounted for around one-third of global GDP growth over the last decade while, at the same time, Chinas economy faces a dramatic increase of economic uncertainty and financial risks in the recent years, preventing financial risk has been made a top economic priority for the next years of Chinas government work.This study employs dynamic factor model with time-varying coefficients to build three factors associated with financial risk derived from extensive financial and macroeconomic data in China. Subsequently, this paper investigate the non-linear impacts of these financial risk factors on China's real economy. Our findings reveal that financial risk shocks have the potential to transmit to the real economy, inducing a contractionary effect on both output and inflation rates. Notably, these spillover effects are significantly magnified during periods of economic recession. The most important policy implication of this paper is that: other than monitoring and preventing the financial risks in financial system, Chinas government should also reduce its policy uncertainties to better promote financial stability.
Logistics Development in Laizhou under Big Data
Authors: Chen Yitong
Published: April 2024

The extensive utilization of big data in logistics management is increasingly prevalent due to economic development and advancements in Internet technology. This research examines the present state and optimization method of big data utilization in logistics management, using Laizhou City as a case study. By examining the progress and current challenges of logistics in Laizhou City, this study proposes optimization solutions including the implementation of a big data platform, enhancement of logistics and transportation routes, allocation of resources, and risk management. As an example, we examine a logistics company in Laizhou City to demonstrate the practical implementation of big data. The research presented in this paper serves as a valuable resource for enhancing the efficiency of logistics management in Laizhou City. Additionally, it offers insights that can be used to the advancement of logistics management in other areas.
House Pricing and Subway Distance ----An Analysis of Wuhan Estate Market
Authors: Li Aikun
Published: April 2024

Many real estate developers advertise residential properties as being located near the subway, which makes one wonder whether subway distance affects the unit price of commercial housing. In this paper, the data of more than 900 new houses in Wuhan were collected and analyzed by multiple regression using Hedonic method. Variables were divided into 3 categories: architecture, position and price to make a more detailed and complex analysis. The results show that subway distance is negatively correlated with housing price, and the closer the subway is, the more obvious this effect is. In other words, the closer the house is to the subway, the higher the unit price of the house. This has a unique guiding significance for real estate developers who have commercial housing construction plans in Wuhan. In addition, the study found that the distance of the house from the hospital can significantly affect the level of housing prices.
The Impact of Individual Investors' Self-Learning on Herd Bias in the Chinese Stock Market
Authors: Du Yupeng
Published: April 2024

In behavioral finance, herd bias refers to investors' rational or illogical responses to the market. The irrational approach emphasizes the psychological side of investors, implying that they may ignore an individual's pre-existing ideas and blindly follow the decisions made by other investors. Herd prejudice is common among all sorts of investors, but it tends to lessen over time in the Chinese stock market. The purpose of this study is to see if self-learning among individual investors reduces herd prejudice in the market, as well as to look at the elements that influence self-learning. Data was gathered by sending questionnaires to investors with accounts on the Chinese stock exchange. A partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis revealed that self-learning had a detrimental effect on herd bias. The most important aspect of self-learning is a desire to learn. Interactions with peers and a desire to learn encourage self-learning among investors; however, interactions with investment advisors have no meaningful effect. The impact of investor-peer interactions on self-learning and herd bias lessens as traders acquire experience and investors become more self-aware. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the reasons for the reduction in herd prejudice in the Chinese stock market. It contains useful references for the scientific creation of investing plans.
Implications of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act for the Construction of Compliance Systems in Chinese Multinational Enterprises
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan
Published: April 2024

While multinational enterprises venture abroad in pursuit of high profits, but this also exposes them to increasing risks. Among them, corruption risks and compliance problems in the process of overseas operations have become one of the main obstacles to the development of multinational enterprises. Especially in recent years, the U.S. has utilized the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) to step up enforcement efforts against Chinese enterprises, which has made Chinese multinational enterprises face an even more severe overseas situation. How to improve the compliance system construction of Chinese multinational enterprises has become a hot topic of concern in the theoretical and practical circles. The FCPA serves as a model for the global anti-bribery compliance system, and its specific anti-corruption provisions and enforcement mechanisms are relevant to the current situation of Chinese MNEs' extraterritorial operations and compliance management. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the anti-corruption compliance system of Chinese multinational enterprises based on the FCPA framework.
Risk Management of Commercial Banks under Interest Rate Marketisation
Authors: Feng Junyi
Published: April 2024

In recent years, various countries have embarked on the path of interest rate marketisation to enable the market to determine interest rates autonomously. This paper adopts the method of literature review and literature analysis to investigate the impact of interest rate marketisation on commercial banks and the risk management of commercial banks under interest rate marketisation. It is found that the marketisation of interest rates will directly affect the deposit and lending rates of commercial banks, thus affecting their asset-liability business and structure as well as net interest margin to facilitate business transformation. Meanwhile, the risk of interest rate marketisation can be classified into stage risk and everlasting risk according to the duration, the former is mainly from three aspects, namely, adverse selection risk, risk concentration risk and market competition risk, while the latter is classified into four types, namely, re-pricing risk, yield curve risk, benchmark risk and selective risk.
Dynamics of Rural-Urban Migration in China: A Decade of Economic Impact
Authors: Ying Shuran
Published: April 2024

This essay provides a comprehensive exploration of the economic impacts of rural-urban migration in China from 2010 to 2020. In the background of China's rapid industrialisation and urbanisation, the essay examines the multifaceted consequences of this migration trend, balancing an in-depth analysis of negative aspects with the recognition of positive contributions. The study highlights the decline in effective rural labour and the resultant challenges faced by migrants in urban areas, including increased housing prices. On the positive side, the migration brings increased labour supply to cities, improvement in incomes for rural migrants, and significant developments in the land market and urban industries. A comprehensive evaluation highlights the need for a balanced approach to urbanisation and rural development. Future considerations emphasise potential challenges and propose strategies like optimal land use, income source expansion, and characteristic town development. Striking a balance between rural and urban development is crucial for sustained economic stability. The essay concludes that maintaining this delicate balance is essential for China's sustained economic prosperity.
Coping Strategies for Financing Constraints of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) under Financial Intelligence Transformation
Authors: Li Yongyi
Published: April 2024

With the development and progress of technological advancements, businesses are increasingly realizing that the transformation towards financial intelligence is a prevailing trend. In comparison to traditional finance, financial intelligence exhibits various changes and characteristics. This paper analyzes the issues surrounding the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), along with the current status and reasons for financing constraints. It combines the structure, path, and contribution of financial intelligence transformation to examine its impact on the reasons for financing constraints. Subsequently, considering the diverse influences, this paper proposes six relevant coping strategies tailored to address different issues related to financing constraints for SMEs. The research, rooted in the perspective of financial intelligence transformation, explores how SMEs can make more optimized choices when facing challenges of financing constraints in the new era.
An Empirical Review of Behavioral Decision Making in the Financial Markets
Authors: Yang Leyi
Published: April 2024

Traditional economics assumes that humans make rational decisions within optimally functioning markets, but real human behavior is only partially rational. Behavioral economics has emerged to address phenomena in financial markets that traditional economics cannot explain, such as the herd effect and the small firm effect. This shift challenges assumptions in traditional finance, prompting a reevaluation of human behavior as the cornerstone of economic and financial understanding. This paper delves into behavioral economics, focusing on the loss aversion theory and its emotional impact on economic decision-making. It analyzes market anomalies, including the momentum effect and long-term reversal, revealing how investor emotions can drive market volatility and asset prices deviating from their reasonable values. The framing effect is explored, demonstrating how scenario formulation changes can alter preferences in decision-making. The paper also discusses the endowment effect in the financial market, explaining its existence and its influence on investors' decisions and the overall market. By examining these aspects, the study finds that people's overreaction to market information can behaviorally impact investment decisions, leading to market anomalies and influencing price trends. The insights provided contribute to a more nuanced understanding of behavioral economics and its implications for financial systems.
The Impact of International Trade in the Context of Local Turmoil in the World
Authors: Chen Guolin
Published: April 2024

Studying the impact of regional conflicts on international trade helps to better understand and predict changes and trends in trade, providing important references for government and business decision-making. By conducting in-depth research on the impact of conflicts on international trade, targeted measures can be formulated to reduce the negative impact of conflicts on trade and promote regional and international economic stability and development. In addition, studying the impact of local regional conflicts on international trade can also help strengthen the international community's attention and assistance to conflict areas, help conflict areas achieve peace and stability, and create a more favorable environment for international trade. Therefore, the importance of studying the impact of regional conflicts on international trade lies in enhancing understanding of the mechanisms of trade impact, improving targeted decision-making, and promoting international cooperation and peaceful development.Next, this paper will start with the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, study the global influence and economic development, and finally study China's trade problems.
Analysis of the Impact of Technological Innovations in Social Security on the Quality of Life of Older Persons
Authors: Zhang Haoming
Published: April 2024

As technological innovations continue to be promoted and the problem of population ageing intensifies, the role of the social security sector in enhancing the quality of life of older people is becoming increasingly evident. The aim of this paper is to explore how technological innovations in social security affect the daily lives of older people and their quality of life. A quantitative research methodology was adopted and combined with questionnaire surveys and data analysis techniques to analyse the sample data in depth. It is found that technological innovations play an important role in improving the effectiveness and convenience of social security services, especially in health monitoring, smart services and information access, which significantly enhance the life experience of older people. Further, these innovations have a positive impact on older people's social participation and mental health. Accordingly, this paper argues that strengthening technological innovations in social security is a key way to improve the quality of life of older persons and provides a strong basis for the formulation of relevant policies and development strategies.
Optimization Study of Medical Waiting Time from the Perspective of Behavioral Economics Take Canada as an Example
Authors: Long Jingyu , Tan Evan Dingtao , Xu Zhouquan
Published: April 2024

This article provides an in-depth look at the long-standing conundrum of long waiting times in the Canadian healthcare system and explores potential solutions from the perspective of behavioral economics, public-private partnerships (PPP), and evidence-based management. Despite Canada's reputation for universal health care, long waiting times for critical services persist, necessitating a comprehensive strategy. Multifaceted analyses point to factors contributing to inefficiencies, including an aging population, an increase in chronic diseases, and a shortage of healthcare professionals. New solutions are proposed by combining the elements of success, such as public-private partnerships, evidence-based management, and collaborative efforts. Global experiences in countries such as the United Kingdom, Spain, Turkey, Australia, Lesotho, and Iran provide insights into the potential advantages of public-private partnerships in improving healthcare delivery. To reduce the requirements, setting priorities, and restructuring as the key points of the alternative method provides a feasible strategy. In addition, solutions that work with patients, employers, and insurers aim to address inefficiencies and transform the healthcare system. An integrated approach addresses both symptoms and root causes to create a more efficient, patient-centered healthcare environment in Canada.
Key Factors for Sustainability - Corporate Culture and Employee Well-being
Authors: Li Zeyi , Hu Jiayin
Published: April 2024

In the context of sustainable development, the impact of corporate culture on employee well-being is particularly significant. This paper examines why corporate culture is a key factor in enhancing employee well-being and driving corporate sustainability. Research shows that when corporate culture emphasizes respect, inclusiveness, justice and teamwork, it can significantly enhance the enthusiasm and creativity of employees, thus promoting the innovation and long-term development of enterprises. In a diverse work environment, building a supportive and inclusive corporate culture is essential to accommodate the needs of employees from different backgrounds. This will not only help improve the job satisfaction of employees, but also enhance the social responsibility and market competitiveness of enterprises. The paper also analyses the role of corporate culture in responding to modern workplace challenges such as remote working and work-life balance. Flexible work arrangements, employee health and welfare programs, and continuous career development opportunities were identified as key to enhancing employee well-being. These measures not only improve the quality of life of employees, but also enhance their loyalty and sense of belonging to the enterprise. A positive, inclusive and supportive corporate culture is essential to improve employee job satisfaction and loyalty and promote the long-term beneficial development of the business.
The Ecological Development Path of Rural Revitalization under the Background of Digital Economy
Authors: Wu Sixuan
Published: April 2024

At present, Chinas rural economy has completed the goal of comprehensive poverty alleviation, the overall development trend is improving, and it is entering a critical period of modernization transformation. However, there are still some rural areas that have great difficulties in the development process. How to make full use of rural ecological resources in the context of the digital economy, stimulate the endogenous power of rural economic development, find a balance between economic and ecological development, and explore the ecology of rural revitalization. Paths, etc. are still issues waiting to be resolved. Taking this as a starting point, this paper uses observation methods, literature research, and other methods to analyze the connotation characteristics and development model of the digital economy, describe the necessity of digital development of the rural economy, build a development bridge between the rural economy and the digital economy, and elaborate on the digital economy. Under the background of the current situation of the development of ecological resources, this paper also expounds the important position of ecological resources in the rural economic system, and takes this as the breakthrough to analyze the use of digital economic technologies such as blockchain in the context of the digital economy to achieve commercialization and marketization of ecological resources. The internal logic and operating mechanism, etc., are put forward to digitize and value ecological resources as a new path for the rural economy to break through the development bottleneck.
Terbentuknya Turonggo Laskar Cemeti
Authors: Astuti Dwi , Kudubun Elly Esra , Utomo Alvianto Wahyudi
Published: April 2024

Turonggo Laskar Cemeti adalah salah satu kelompok reog yang berada di Desa Tengaran tepatnya di Dusun Tengaran Kulon. Kelompok reog ini sudah berdiri sejak tahun 2018 dan masih aktif hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menambah pengetahuan tentang terbentuknya kelompok Turonggo Laskar Cemeti. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kesimpulan dari data yang didapat bahwa Turonggo Laskar Cemeti terbentuk dari sekelompok orang yang memang mempunyai ketertarikan juga basic yang sama dalam hal “Cemeti” atau pecut. Kemudian membentuk kelompok sendiri yang dibantu juga oleh RW setempat. Awal berdiri tentu bukan hal yang mudah, adanya penolakan dari warga sekitar. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu, Turonggo Laskar Cemeti mampu membuktikan kedapa masyarakat melalui prestasi yang diperoleh. Salah satunya adalah pada penampilan perdana mereka mendapatkan juara dari ISI Surakarta. Semakin dikenal semakin bermanfaat untuk warga sekitar, Turonggo Laskar Cemeti juga tidak jarang melakukan kegiatan yang didedikasian untuk membantu warga seperti penggalangan dana untuk pembangunan masjid hingga untuk kaum yatim dan piatu.
Drought mitigation in sandy soil of oil palm plantation using apllication oil palm empty fruit bunch
Authors: Yuniasih Betti , Arnalis Renjani Rengga , Bintang Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Sandy soil in oil palm plantations has the potential to experience a higher water deficit during drought condition compared to other soil types. Application oil palm empty fruit bunch, which are co-product of oil palm industry, can be used to mitigate drought in sandy soil. This research aims to compare effective methods of applying empty fruit bunch on sandy soil in drought mitigation. This research was conducted in May-September 2023 at the Sei Rasau Region oil palm plantation of PT. BGA in Kendawangan, Ketapang, West Kalimantan. The research was carried out descriptively on block which are applied empty fruit bunch mulch (Block N21), applied focal feeder (Block P14), and applied combination mulch and focal feeder (Block P19). The technique for applying empty fruit bunch was observed directly and by seeking information from the company. Soil samples and plant vegetative data were also taken, while plant productivity was obtained from the company's secondary data. The results show that the implementation of empty oil palm fruit bunches as drought mitigation will be carried out intensively in 2022. Application empty fruit bunch as mulch are spread on the ground at a dose of 200 kg/tree and application as a focal feeder is carried out with empty fruit bunch inserted into a hole in the ground at a dose of 200 kg/hole. The microclimatic conditions in the three blocks of the research location are relatively same. The results of soil sample analysis show that soil with the application of empty fruit bunch mulch has the best soil moisture conditions and the lowest soil temperature. The lowest C/N ratio was in the combination application of mulch and focal feeder. The best plant vegetative conditions and plant productivity occurred in blocks with the application of empty fruit bunch mulch. So it can be concluded that the application of empty fruit bunch mulch provides the best drought mitigation benefits compared to the focal feeder applications and the combination application.
Analisis Pengaruh Penambahan Antioksidan Tertiary Butyl Hydroquinone (TBHQ) terhadap Kualitas Minyak Goreng setelah Penggunaan Berulang
Authors: Hendri Rantau  , Arifin Rizal
Published: April 2024

Berdasarkan informasi yang diberikan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), konsumsi minyak goreng di Indonesia terus miningkat dari tahun ketahun, dengan mencapai 10,9 liter per kapita per tahun pada tahun 2019. Minyak goreng yang berulang kali digunakan dapat menyebabkan penurunan mutu pada minyak goreng tersebut dan mutu produk yang digoreng. Selama proses penggorengan akan terjadi oksidasi dan dekomposisi minyak yang dipengaruhi oleh bahan pangan dan kondisi penggorengan. Oleh karena itu salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah menambahkan antioksidan ke dalam minyak goreng. Diketahui antioksidan merupakan suatu senyawa yang dalam kadar atau jumlah tertentu mampu menghambat atau memperlambat kerusakan akibat proses oksidasi. Dalam penelitian ini antioksidan sintetik yang digunakan yaitu TBHQ (Tert-Butil Hidroksi Quinon). Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah mengetahui konsentrasi TBHQ (Tert-Butil Hidroksi Quinon) optimal yang dapat mencegah kerusakan minyak yang digunakan untuk menggoreng produk makanan pada penngorengan berulang selama 4 hari. Konsentrasi penambahan yang digunakan 0 ppm, 80 ppm, 100ppm dan 120 ppm dengan uji analisa free fatty acid, peroxide value dan colour. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kadar kenaikan FFA, PV dan Colour semakin rendah seiring dengan besarnya penambahan konsentrasi antioksidan. Konsentrasi antioksidan TBHQ paling optimal terdapat pada konsentrasi 120 ppm dengan dilihat dari hasil uji analisa kestabilan minyak masih memenuhi mutu SNI 7709:2019.
Screening of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for SLC30A8 (rs13266634) Variant Associated with Disease Susceptibility
Authors: Ali Syed Shaukat , Bahadar Haji , Shah Haseenullah , Ali Sajid , Khan Monasib , Khuda Fazli , Ijaz Kiran , Raziq Mohsin , Zakiullah .
Published: April 2024

Objective: To evaluate the association of the SLC30A8 rs13266634 variant with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility among patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: A case-control study design was employed involving 100 each T2DM patients and healthy controls. Demographic and clinical features were recorded. The SLC30A8 rs13266634 variant was genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Statistical analyses, including binary logistic regression, were conducted to determine the association between the variant and T2DM, adjusting for age, gender, family history, and lifestyle factors. Results: The study cohort comprised predominantly males (65% in cases, 75% in controls) with a mean age of 53±9 years. T2DM patients exhibited a higher prevalence of concurrent conditions such as high blood pressure compared to controls. Genotyping revealed a significant association of the rs13266634 variant allele with T2DM. Individuals carrying variant CT and TT genotype had a 2.12 times higher risk (95% CI: 1.16-4.12, P=0.025) of T2DM compared to that of wild CC type. This association remained significant upon adjustment for confounders, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.890 (95% CI: 2.233-9.76, P=0.02) for CT carriers. Conclusions: The rs13266634 variant in the SLC30A8 is significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population
Feline infectious peritonitis: A comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Moyadee Wassamon , Sunpongsri Supita , Choowongkomon Kiattawee , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Rattanasrisomporn Amonpun , Tansakul Natthasit , Rattanasrisomporn Jatuporn
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and estimate the median survival time of FIP cats treated with prednisolone to guide further therapeutic planning.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, data from a total of 116 cats with effusion were fully recorded. Forty-five FIP-diagnosed cats were enrolled for analysis.
Results: The study findings indicate that FIP was a disease affecting cats aged 1–2 years and was highly prevalent among male cats. Clinical manifestations of FIP affected the digestive (60%), hematological (53.3%), respiratory (33.3%), neurological (6.7%), and ocular (4.4%) systems. Blood profiles revealed mild anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, and an albumin to globulin ratio of 0.4. Fluid analysis and cytology of FIP cats demonstrated a transparent yellow fluid with a protein content of 6 gm/dl and a total nucleated cell count of approximately 5,000–10,000 cells. During the observation period, FIP cats treated with prednisolone exhibited a median survival time of 31 days.
Conclusion: Confirming FIP cases can be challenging; therefore, a tentative diagnosis of FIP must be made with care. This study provided practical diagnostic tools to diagnose FIP based on clinical signs and multiple abnormalities, which allowed for more efficient and rapid detection.
Effect of water temperature on the anesthetic effects of alfaxalone in carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Maeda Kenichi , Hotta Daiki , Matsui Takuma , Iwai Satomi , Okanao Shozo
Published: April 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effect of water temperature on intramuscular injected alfaxalone anesthesia in carp (Cyprinus carpio).
Materials and Methods: Six healthy adult carp (C. carpio) were intramuscularly injected with alfaxalone (2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 mg/kg) at normal water temperature (25°C) and at low water temperature (2.5 mg/kg, 15°C). The respiratory rate, heart rate (HR), and anesthesia depth (AD) were evaluated every 5 min for 30 min after administration and every 1 h after 60 min after injection.
Results: The respiratory and HRs did not change significantly upon alfaxalone injection, regardless of dose. However, a dose-dependent increase in AD scores was observed. Furthermore, 2.5 mg/kg alfaxalone injected in 15°C water showed an almost equal anesthetic effect to that of 5.0 mg/kg alfaxalone in 25°C water.
Conclusion: Alfaxalone is readily available, and its anesthetic effect in carp was enhanced by lowering water temperature, illustrating the possibility of intramuscular injection of alfaxalone in fish.
Detection and quantification of heavy metals and minerals in poultry feed collected from selected local markets in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md , Sachi Sabbya , Quadir Quazi , Sikder Mahmudul , Faruque Muhammad , Miah Mohammad , Islam Md , Sani Arif , Baishya Pollab , Rafiq Kazi
Published: April 2024

Objective: The study was primarily conducted to assess the stakeholders’ knowledge regarding the contamination caused by heavy metals in poultry feedstuffs. The concentration of some heavy metals (lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel) and macro-minerals (sodium, potassium, and calcium) was also analyzed in poultry feeds collected from selected local markets in Sherpur district, Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: A well-structured questionnaire survey was used to investigate different stakeholders’ perspectives in relation to metal contamination in feed. Heavy metals and calcium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The flame emission spectrophotometric technique was applied to determine sodium and potassium.
Results: The majority of the stakeholders (90%) were found to have no knowledge regarding heavy metal contamination. Lead and nickel concentrations were below the detectable level in the collected samples. The average concentration of chromium in Jhenaigati upazila was four times higher than in Nalitabari upazila, at 21.806 mg kg−1 and 5.452 mg kg−1, respectively. The concentrations of cadmium in both brand and nonbrand samples exceeded the maximum allowable limit set by the European Union at 1.329 mg kg−1 and 1.328 mg kg−1, respectively. Sodium, potassium, and calcium were found in the ranges of 0.0011%–0.0035%, 0.0010%–0.0013%, and 0.0080%–0.0305%, which were extremely low in concentration compared to the minimum requirement in poultry feed.
Conclusion: Regular surveillance and governance systems should be incorporated into national policy to cease the hazardous impacts of heavy metals through feed contamination. From a nutritional viewpoint, poultry feeds need to be critically formulated.
Seroprevalence of African swine fever in pigs for slaughter in Leyte, Philippines
Authors: Portugaliza Harvie
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of African swine fever (ASF) in pigs for slaughter in Leyte, Philippines. It underpins the concept that recovered and infected pigs from ASF are likely sent for slaughter to avoid perceived economic losses.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2023 in eight abattoirs, each representing both a city and a municipality in Leyte province. A total of 218 blood samples from 78 farms were examined for ASF virus (ASFV) (VP72) antibodies using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Descriptive and seroprevalence analyses were performed.
Results: ASF antibodies were detected in pigs for slaughter from abattoirs in Baybay and Ormoc cities, showing a seroprevalence of 3.57% (1/28 pigs) and 2.27% (1/44 pigs), respectively. An apparent absence of ASF antibodies was observed among pigs for slaughter in Isabel, Villaba, Abuyog, Kananga, Dulag, and Macarthur. The farm-level seroprevalence was 2.56% (95% CI: 0.71%–8.88%), while the pig-level seroprevalence was 0.91% (95% CI: 0.25%–3.27%).
Conclusion: Detecting ASF antibodies among pigs for slaughter implies exposure to the virus from the farm of origin. This means that, on some farms, ASF remains unreported or undiagnosed. Active surveillance is needed for early case detection and rapid response to control the spread of ASF in the country.
Improving the efficiency of estrus synchronization in cows
Authors: Julanov Mardan , Jumatayeva Kumis , Koibagarov Kanat , Tagayev Orynbay , Baitlessov Yerbulat , Julanova Nursulu
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of biologically active substances and electrical stimulation of the uterus in cows on the effectiveness of estrus synchronization.
Materials and Methods: Ninety (n = 90) Kazakh white-headed cows were synchronized with two injections of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on days 0 and 9 and prostaglandin F2α on day 7. The cows were divided into six groups and, during the protocol, treated with biologically active substances (Tetramag, Selevetum, antiseptic-stimulator Dorogov 2 fraction, groups 2, 3, and 4). Cows in groups 5 and 6 were treated with the same substances but additionally had electrical stimulation of the uterus, while cows in group 1 were left untreated and served as a control.
Results: The results have shown that on Day 0, no differences were observed in E2 concentrations between the groups. However, on the 10th day, a significant disparity was noted in the E2 level among cows in group 6 compared to groups 2, 3, 4, and the control group. Conversely, no significant differences were observed between groups 5 and 6. Likewise, the fertility rate in cows from group 6 was significantly higher compared to groups 2, 3, 4, and the control group, with no significant differences between groups 5 and 6.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the utilization of electrical stimulation of the uterus and the inclusion of certain biological substances during the estrus synchronization protocol demonstrate a positive effect on the reproductive performance of beef cattle in Kazakhstan.
Nutrition profile and rumen fermentation of Tithonia diversifolia fermented with Lactobacillus bulgaricus at different times and doses
Authors: Pazla Roni , Jamarun Novirman , Agustin Fauzia , Arief Arief , Elihasridas Elihasridas , Ramaiyulis Ramaiyulis , Yanti Gusri , Ardani Laily , Sucitra Laras , Ikhlas Zaitul
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the nutritional composition and rumen fermentation attributes of the tithonia plant (Tithonia diversifolia) treated with Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria at different fermentation durations and doses.
Materials and Methods: In this research, an experimental approach employed a factorial pattern with two factors as treatments with three replications using a complete randomized design. The primary factor was the dose of L. bulgaricus inoculum, with concentrations at 2% and 3%. The secondary factor examined during the study revolved around the duration of fermentation, offering three time frames of 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days for analysis. The inoculum of L. bulgaricus contained 65 × 1015 CFU/ml.
Results: The use of L. bulgaricus bacteria on tithonia plants (T. diversifolia) with different inoculum doses and fermentation times demonstrated a highly significant effect and significant disparities (p < 0.05). In phytic acid content, nutrient content (crude protein (CP), crude fiber, crude fat, and dry matter (DM)), and in vitro digestibility, which includes DM, organic matter (OM), CP, volatile fatty acids (VFA), NH3, and gas production. However, it did not show any significant interaction between pH and OM content.
Conclusion: The optimal results of nutrient profiling and in vitro digestibility, including DM, OM, CP, rumen pH, VFA, NH3 (ammonia), and gas production, were observed when the tithonia plant (T. diversifolia) was fermented using L. bulgaricus with 3% inoculum doses and a fermentation time of 5 days.
Body weight prediction of Belgian Blue crossbred using random forest
Authors: Praharani Lisa , Talib Chalid , Kusumaningrum Diana , Widiawati Yeni , Asmarasari Santiananda , Rusdiana Supardi , Muttaqin Zultinur , Sianturi Ria , Wina Elizabeth , Sopian Endang , Arrazy Aqdi , Adiati Umi , Saputra Ferdy
Published: April 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to predict the body weight (BW) of a Belgian Blue X Friesian Holstein (BB X FH) crossbred in Indonesia based on morphometrics using random forest.
Materials and Methods: A total of 26 BB X FH crossbreds were observed for BW, chest weight (CW), body length (BL), hip height (HH), wither height (WH), and chest girth (CG) from 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 300 days of age. Stepwise regression and random forest were performed using R 3.6.1.
Results: The random forest results show that CG is an important variable in estimating BW, with an important variable value of 24.49%. Likewise, the results obtained by stepwise regression show that CG can be an indicator of selection for the BB X FH crossbred. The R squared value obtained from the regression is 0.83, while the R squared value obtained from the random forest (0.86) is greater than the regression.
Conclusion: In conclusion, random forest produces a better model than stepwise regression. However, a good simple equation to use to estimate BW is CG.