bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Passado Presente, ou como se escrevia a história do tempo presente no século XIX. Gonçalves de Magalhães e a Memória Histórica da Revolução da Província do Maranhão (1839-1840)
Authors: Tiburski Eliete Lucia
Published: June 2019

O artigo apresenta a questão da história do tempo presente e suas relações com o conceito de história no início do século XIX no Brasil. As reflexões serão feitas a partir do trabalho de Gonçalves de Magalhães intitulado Memoria Historica e Documentada da Revolução da Provincia do Maranhão desde 1839 até 1840, publicado na Revista do IHGB em 1848. Trata-se de analisar a condição do historiador enquanto sujeito que intervém em seu próprio tempo, a delimitação do campo da história, seus procedimentos e limites.

Abstract

The Present Past or as it was written the history of the present time in nineteenth century. Gonçalves de Magalhães and the Memória Histórica da Revolução da Província do Maranhão (1839-1840)

This paper presents the question about the history of present time and its relations with the concept of history in the early nineteenth century in Brazil. The starting point of the discussion is the article Memoria Historica e Documentada da Revolução da Provincia do Maranhão desde 1839 até 1840, published by Gonçalves de Magalhães an influential Brazilian history journal in 1848. The goal is to analyze the condition of the historian as a subject involved in his own time, the delimitation of history field, its methods and limits.

Resumen

El pasado presente o cómo escribir la historia del tiempo presente en el siglo XIX. Gonçalves de Magalhães y la Memória Histórica da Revolução da Província do Maranhão (1839-1840).

El artículo presenta la cuestión de la historia del tiempo presente y sus relaciones con el concepto de historia, en el comienzo del siglo XIX, en Brasil. Las reflexiones están realizadas a partir de la obra de Gonçalves de Magalhães, titulada Memoria Historica e Documentada da Revolução da Provincia do Maranhão desde 1839 até 1840, publicada en la Revista IHGB en 1848. Se trata de analizar la condición del historiador como sujeto que interviene en su propio tiempo, la delimitación del campo de la historia, sus procedimientos y límites.
A trajetória política de Ferreira Gullar
Authors: Missiato Victor Augusto Ramos
Published: June 2019

Em um de seus últimos artigos publicados na Folha de S. Paulo, Ferreira Gullar defendeu a necessidade de se reinventar uma nova utopia para o tempo presente: “por isso mesmo, o fim do regime comunista provocou um vazio ideológico, que necessita ser preenchido, uma vez que a sociedade humana, sem utopia, torna-se inviável”. Trata-se da última dentre tantas reviravoltas em sua saudosa trajetória intelectual. Diante disso, discutimos aqui uma das principais contribuições para esse debate, presente Em um rabo de foguete: trauma e cultura política em Ferreira Gullar, de Marcus Vinícius Furtado da Silva Oliveira. Neste livro, o autor procurou identificar e interpretar várias dessas reviravoltas presentes na vida intelectual do poeta e crítico literário maranhense. Notoriamente, algo que poderia enfraquecer o argumento de uma de suas teses centrais - no caso, o cancelamento das utopias em Ferreira Gullar – ao contrário, acabou por trazer ainda mais relevância para o trabalho, coincidentemente publicado no mesmo ano do texto de Gullar.
Entre o estudo, as orações e o aprendizado do trabalho: uma abordagem do cotidiano das internas do Asylo Coração de Maria de Rio Grande/RS (décadas de 1860 a 1950)
Authors: Valle Hardalla Santos do , Amaral Giana Lange do
Published: June 2019

Este texto tem por objetivo abordar a educação de meninas, órfãs ou em situação de vulnerabilidade, que era efetivada no Asylo Coração de Maria, na cidade do Rio Grande/RS. Entre os elementos discutidos, estão a fundação da instituição e a sua rotina escolar. Como suporte teórico-metodológico evoca-se a História Cultural, visando a análise documental de jornais, livros de matrícula, regimentos e relatórios. Conclui-se que existiam tensões entre as normas e as práticas institucionais, bem como que o incentivo do ensino profissionalizante visava proporcionar opções de vida às meninas para além do casamento e do cuidado do lar.
A humilhação nacional como instrumento de construção da identidade e da estabilidade política na China
Authors: Vieira Victor Carneiro Corrêa
Published: June 2019

A ampliação de políticas econômicas liberais desencadeará na democratização da China. Esse argumento repetido por artigos acadêmicos encontra suas expectativas frustradas diariamente por notícias de recrudescimento do poder do Partido Comunista da China sobre sua sociedade. O artigo analisa a construção da identidade nacional fundada na humilhação nacional como estratégia de difusão da legitimidade da elite política chinesa a partir de uma percepção do nacionalismo como essencial para manutenção da estabilidade do regime. Para isso estuda a formação da identidade nacional, a constituição dos grupos dentro da elite política da China e a elaboração do conceito de Poder Nacional Compreensivo.
O sentido histórico da formação de colônias europeias no Paraná: o exemplo de Superagui
Authors: Dysarz Caiubi Martins
Published: June 2019

A formação de colônias de estrangeiros no Paraná, durante o século XIX, foi explicada pela historiografia local em virtude da necessidade de formação de uma agricultura de abastecimento e de uma suposta carestia de gêneros alimentícios. Para embasar tal linha argumentativa, utilizou-se a manifestação de um empresário colonizador: o suíço Carlos Perret Gentil, fundador da Colônia do Superagui. O objetivo deste trabalho é discorrer sobre suas ideias a respeito de colonização europeia e agricultura no Paraná dos oitocentos e a posterior apropriação de tais relatos pela historiografia paranaense, para explicação e formação de sentido histórico dos acontecimentos narrados.
Ensino de História e História Pública: conhecimento histórico e seu papel social
Authors: Alves Ronaldo Cardoso
Published: June 2019

o presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a relação entre a aprendizagem histórica e sua função pública na sociedade. Partindo da premissa de que há um embate entre diferentes culturas históricas existentes na sociedade brasileira contemporânea, o texto discute a importância que a ciência histórica e seu repertório cognitivo têm para a formação do pensamento histórico, seja no âmbito acadêmico, seja no contexto da educação básica, pois fornece instrumentos de conhecimento importantes para que professores e estudantes possam refletir, autonomamente, a respeito de sua própria História e da História da sociedade em que estão inseridos. Nesse sentido, o desafio do ensino de História é continuar provendo (e aprofundando) os meios científicos de possibilitar aos estudantes o (re)conhecimento dessas diferentes narrativas, por meio da diversidade da produção cultural apropriada como fonte histórica, com vistas à construção e desenvolvimento do pensamento histórico, bem como de sua função pública de fortalecimento da democracia, cidadania, autonomia crítica, respeito e acolhimento da alteridade, enfim, de plena humanização da sociedade.
The Influence of Stainless Steel Mesh Porous Burner on Drying Kinetics of Nile Tilapia
Authors: Waramit Pathiwat , Namkhet Aphainun , Teeboonma Umphisak
Published: June 2019

This paper studied the influence of porous burner effect on drying kinetics of Nile tilapia drying using stainless steel mesh porous burner as heat source. Drying kinetics was analyzed by determination of drying rate (DR), drying specific energy consumption (SEC) and dryer thermal efficiency (). In this study, the stainless steel mesh was used as porous media with porosity of 10, 20 and 50 pore per inch (PPI), drying air velocity of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s, and drying temperature of 50, 60 and 70 °C, respectively. The results were found that the application of porous burner as heat source can improve the drying kinetics. It was found, at the porosity of 50 PPI, the drying temperature of 70 °C and the air velocity of 1.5 m/s, the moisture ratio of the drying was decreased rapidly, the highest drying rate was found to be 150 g (water evap.)/hr., the lowest drying energy consumption was found to be146.75 MJ/kg, and the thermal efficiency of the dryer was found to increase by 17.79% and the CO and NOx concentration in case of applying porous burner as heat source is lower than without porous burner.
Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Lead Removal from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Lingamdinne Lakshmi Prasanna , Koduru Janardhan Reddy , Rao Karri Rama
Published: June 2019

Pb(II) being carcinogenic and one of the heavy metals which always pose a severe threat to human health. Adsorption is a commonly used method for the removal of heavy metal ions as this process possess high efficiency, easy to handle and cost-effective. Iron oxide based nanomaterial were found to be more attractive for the removal of heavy metals from the aqueous solution because of their size, high surface area, and magnetic. Therefore, in this research study, iron oxide nanoparticles modified with tangerine peel extract (T-Fe3O4) and utilized to carry batch adsorption experiments for the removal of lead from aqueous solutions. It was observed that 99% of Pb(II) adsorption removal was achieved with 0.6 g/L of T-Fe3O4 at an initial concentration of metal at 10 ppm and room temperature of 25°C. The adsorption isotherm was found to be monolayer on the homogeneous surface of the adsorbent. Therefore, the green tangerine peel modified iron oxide nanoparticles can be applied for lead removal from water resources for providing clean and hygienic water for a sustainable and healthier life.
Geometric Analysis of a Modular, Deployable and Reusable Structure
Authors: Gonzalo F. Ama , Molina Mariano , Lorenzo Covadonga , Castilla M.I. , Gomez Pulido D. , Garcia Millan J. , Sancho J.C.
Published: June 2019

The use of deployable structures has a wide range of applications nowadays. They can be transformed from a closed compact configuration to a predetermined expanded form, in which they are stable and can carry loads. This article describes a sort of deployable structure that has been patented by researchers of two Spanish institutions: San Pablo CEU University and Eduardo Torroja Institute. Geometric aspects are key to accomplish an efficient folding and unfolding procedure along with an optimum structural behavior when the structure is deployed. Tensioned cables are essential in these structures. The main goal is to make the cable acquire its maximum length when the structure is fully deployed. This will avoid complex operations of post-tensioning in order to make the cable perform its function.
Nanomaterial Production by Arc Discharge Sputtering of Silicon-Graphite and Silica-Graphite Composite Anodes
Authors: Zaikovskii Alexey V.
Published: June 2019

This study presents results of an arc discharge synthesis of nanomaterials containing graphene and nanoparticles of SiC ceramic. It has been established that the usage of the silicon-carbon composition of the sputtered electrode in the arc discharge synthesis allows to synthesize graphene structures with silicon carbide nanoparticles with the average size of about 6.2 nm. On the other hand, the usage of the graphite-silica composite electrode also leads to the formation of graphene structures, but at the same time the resulting nanoparticles of silicon carbide have the larger average size of about 9.5 nm. This paper presents the results of the structure analyses of the synthesized materials and offers the explanation for effects of the silicon oxide usage on the increasing in the average size of synthesized SiC nanoparticles.
Cost of treatment among self-referred outpatients in referral hospitals compared to primary health care facilities in East Wollega, western Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Geta Edosa Tesfaye , Belete Yibeltal Siraneh , Yesuf Elias Ali
Published: June 2019

Patient self-referral is a condition when patients refer themselves to higher level health facilities without having to see anyone else first. Despite the expansion in the number of health facilities, it has been seen when patients routinely accessed referral hospitals without a formal referral. The study aims to evaluate cost of treatment among self-referred outpatients at referral hospitals compared to primary health care facilities. Comparative cross-sectional study design was used and the required sample size for the study was determined by using formula of double populations mean comparison cost of treatment for diseases leading to outpatient visits. A total of 794 participants (397 from referral hospital and 397 from primary health facilities) were included in the study. Data was collected using face-to-face interview from December 1 to 30, 2017. Data entry and analysis were made using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test were performed. A total of 783 outpatients responded to the interview of the study and 391 of them were from referral hospital and 392 from primary health facilities. The mean of outpatient visit cost per visit for the treatment of diseases leading to outpatient visits was significantly higher at referral hospitals compared to primary health facilities [95% CI=6.13 (5.07-7.18)] USD. The mean cost of outpatient visits for the treatment of all type of diseases leading to outpatient visits was significantly higher at referral hospitals and at least two times of primary level health facilities. Health care providers should create awareness in the community about referral linkages to inform patients and their families the additional costs they incur when they bypass the proximal primary health facilities.
Knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among undergraduate student in Bahir Dar University, North-West Ethiopia, 2016: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tewabe Tilahun , Mekuria Zelalem
Published: June 2019

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with nearly 1.7 million new cases diagnosed each year which accounts 12% of all new cancer cases and 25% of all cancers in women. Breast self-examination offers women the best opportunity for reducing breast cancer deaths. From a total of 222 respondents about 190 (85.6%) heard about breast self-examination. One hundred forty-three (75.3%) had good knowledge about sign and symptoms of breast cancer and 47 (24.7%) had poor knowledge about the sign and symptoms of breast cancer. From total respondents of the study 120 (54.1%) practiced breast self-examination. Breast self-examination practice is relatively frequent problem in Bahir Dar University, health science students. Negligence, forgetfulness and lack of knowledge are the main factors for poor practice of breast self-examination. Public health education using the media, clubs and leaflet could significantly reduce poor practice of breast self-examination and increases early detection of breast lump.
Undergraduate research student perceptions
Authors: Dawson D. , Faure M. , Julius B.
Published: June 2019

Health professionals are required to generate evidence via research in order to validate their practice. Undergraduate students in the professions allied to medicine complete a research component in their final year of study. The assumption is that this component will equip them with the knowledge, skills and attitudes to undertake research as clinicians. In this retrospective study, a questionnaire was used to examine the perceptions and experiences of students relating to their research projects. The study population was students studying in the professions allied to medicine on the Tygerberg Campus of the University of Stellenbosch.The response rate was 77% (n-106). Of these students, 69% enjoyed implementing their research project, whilst 28% did not. However, physiotherapy students experienced this component of their course most negatively. The most positive perceptions of the students related to educational benefits and interest, whilst the most negative results related to time restraints and stress.In planning for the future, it is important to evaluate the outcomes of the research component of the undergraduate curriculum and its possible effects on the development and practice of the physiotherapy profession
Neuromusculoskeletal Examination and Assessment
Authors: Van Rensburg Renate
Published: June 2019

No abstract available.
Steps to follow: The comprehensive treatment of patients with hemiplegia
Authors: Irwin-Carruthers Sheena
Published: June 2019

No abstract available.
Electrification of Madrid Fleet Public Transport Company (EMT-Madrid): Strategic Analysis and Implementation
Authors: García Hernanz J. , Morales-Alonso G. , Fernández Sánchez G. , Pilkington González E. , Sánchez Chaparro T.
Published: June 2019

Madrid Public Transport Company (EMT-Madrid) is a property of the Madrid City Council, and it provides the public buses service in the whole city. Madrid, as most of the big cities in the world, is facing problems related to high levels of urban pollution, which directly affects the health and life quality of their inhabitants. EMT, having a fleet of around 2000 buses, has an impact in the mentioned problem and in the global warming. With the Strategic Plan 2017-2020, many new buses will be acquired, resulting in a fleet of natural gas, hybrid and electric vehicles by the end of 2020. The present study has the goal of being the cornerstone of a future strategic plan of the company. To this end, both external and internal analyses of the company have been conducted, which support that the electrification of the whole fleet is the best option in the long term. Furthermore, a Benchmarking of the state of the public transport in other 25 cities and the technology used in them has been conducted. Last, a model that allows replicability of this strategic assessment is proposed, in order to help other Transport Companies and City Councils to decide which transport fleet is the best to implement in their cities depending on their necessities and resources.
Editorial
Authors: Schulte Jurgen
Published: June 2019

PAM Review is the peer-reviewed student research journal of the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the University of Technology Sydney. The journal was created to provide a student centered authentic learning experience in a theory heavy course which challenging and facilitates the Faculty of Science graduate attributes.
A Meta-study on the Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotubes in Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Clarkson Scott , Khan Asah H , Singh Dipendra
Published: June 2019

Computer Integrated Circuit (IC) microprocessors are becoming more powerful and densely packed while cooling mechanisms are seeing an equivalent improvement to compensate. A significant limit to cooling performance is thermal transfer between die and heatsink. In this meta study we evaluate carbon nanotube (CNT) thermal interface materials (TIMs) in order to determine how to maximise thermal transfer efficiency. We gathered information from over 15 articles focused on the thermodynamic parameters of CNT TIMs from databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore and ScienceDirect. Articles were filtered by key words including ‘carbon nanotubes’ and ‘thermal interface materials’ to identify scientific articles relevant to our research on TIMs. From our meta study we have found that enhancing CNTs will provide the best improvement in TIMs. The parameters analysed to determine TIM performance included thermal resistance, thermal conductivity and the effect of CNT concentration on computer operation time. Through our investigation we understood that increasing the concentration of CNT from 0 to 2 wt % increases the operation time from 75 seconds at 66°C to 200s at 63°C as well as increasing the thermal conductivity by 1.82 times for the AS5 thermal paste with 2 wt % CNT. Furthermore, CNT TIM pastes with less thickness have a lower thermal resistance of 0.4 K/W. However not all these parameters have been tested with computer chips. This means that in order to increase current heat transfer efficiency limit, we must integrate these parameters into experimental models.

Keywords: Thermal Interface Material; Thermal Paste; Carbon Nanotubes; Thermal Transfer Efficiency; Integrated Circuit; Heat Sink; Heat Dissipation.
Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage: An analysis on the effect of thermal energy storage insulation thermal conductivity on round-trip efficiency
Authors: Tan Simon , Wahlen Andrew
Published: June 2019

Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) has demonstrated promising potential for widescale use in the power distribution network, especially where renewables are concerned.Current plants are inefficient when compared to other technologies such as battery and pumped hydro. Presently, the greatest round-trip efficiency of any commercial CAES plant is 54% (McIntosh Plant), while the highest energy efficiency of any experimental plant is 66-70% (ADELE Project). So far, Adiabatic CAES systems have yielded promising results with round-trip efficiencies generally ranging between 65-75%, with some small-scale system models yielding round-trip efficiencies exceeding 90%. Thus far, minimal research has been devoted to analysing the thermodynamic effects of the thermal energy storage (TES) insulation. This metastudy identifies current industry and research trends pertaining to ACAES with a focus on the TES insulation supported by model simulations. Charged standby time and insulation of the TES on overall system efficiency was determined by performing a thermodynamic analysis of an ACAES system using packed bed heat exchangers (PBHE) for TES. The results provide insight into the effect various insulators, including concrete, glass wool and silica-aerogel, have on exergy loss in the TES and overall system efficiency. TES insulation should be carefully considered and selected according to the expected duration of fully charged standby time of the ACAES system.

Keywords: Compressed air energy storage; adiabatic compressed air energy storage; thermal energy storage; thermodynamic efficiency; renewable energy storage, packed bed heat exchanger
Evaluating the efficiency of utilizing selectively optimized metamaterial nanostructures for passive radiative cooling of satellites and components
Authors: Moreno Federico , Poudyal Swapnil , Cranwell Otto , Andrew Ben
Published: June 2019

The need for efficient, smart radiators and thermal control technologies will be imperative to ensure the longevity of satellites and for carrying out temperature sensitive operations in space. Advancement in nanofabrication techniques has brought about the ability to create metamaterial nanostructures and selectively control their optical properties so that they reflect better in the visible spectrum and strongly emit in the infrared spectrum, which allows for better cooling. This meta-analysis looks at contemporary research that has utilised metamaterial nanostructures for passive radiative cooling attempting to identify the cooling trends among these structures. The absorbance, emissivity and reflection spectra of these structures are compared, and their effectiveness compared to conventional coolant coatings is critiqued upon. The defining thermodynamic parameters for this study were radiative cooling power and temperature reduction. Through inductive reasoning, we predict that the emissivity in the infrared of a pyramidal layered structure of Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2 can outperform current material choices. Improving efficiency with the prediction outlined can provide increased radiative cooling.

Keywords: Passive radiative cooling; thermal radiation; metamaterials; broadband optical filters; selective absorption and emission; two-dimensional thin film coatings; nanophotonic structures
Retrospective analysis of 2015–2017 wintertime PM2.5 in China: response to emission regulations and the role of meteorology
Authors: Chen Dan , Liu Zhiquan , Ban Junmei , Zhao Pusheng , Chen Min
Published: June 2019

Abstract. To better characterize anthropogenic emission-relevant aerosol
species, the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) and Weather Research and
Forecasting with Chemistry
(WRF/Chem) data assimilation system was updated from the
GOCART aerosol scheme to the Model for
Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) 4-bin (MOSAIC-4BIN) aerosol scheme. Three years (2015–2017) of
wintertime (January) surface PM2.5 (fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic
diameter smaller than 2.5 µm) observations from more than 1600 sites
were assimilated hourly using the updated three-dimensional
variational (3DVAR) system. In the control
experiment (without assimilation) using Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China 2010 (MEIC_2010) emissions, the modeled
January averaged PM2.5 concentrations were severely overestimated
in the Sichuan Basin, central China, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River
Delta by 98–134, 46–101, 32–59 and 19–60 µg m−3,
respectively, indicating that the emissions for 2010 are not appropriate for
2015–2017, as strict emission control strategies were implemented in recent
years. Meanwhile, underestimations of 11–12, 53–96 and
22–40 µg m−3 were observed in northeastern China, Xinjiang
and the Energy Golden Triangle, respectively. The assimilation experiment
significantly reduced both high and low biases to within
±5 µg m−3. The observations and the reanalysis data from the assimilation experiment
were used to investigate the year-to-year changes and the driving factors.
The role of emissions was obtained by subtracting the meteorological impacts
(by control experiments) from the total combined differences (by assimilation
experiments). The results show a reduction in PM2.5 of
approximately 15 µg m−3 for the month of January from 2015 to
2016 in the North China Plain (NCP), but meteorology played the dominant role
(contributing a reduction of approximately 12 µg m−3). The
change (for January) from 2016 to 2017 in NCP was different; meteorology
caused an increase in PM2.5 of approximately
23 µg m−3, while emission control measures caused a decrease
of 8 µg m−3, and the combined effects still showed a
PM2.5 increase for that region. The analysis confirmed that
emission control strategies were indeed implemented and emissions were
reduced in both years. Using a data assimilation approach, this study helps
identify the reasons why emission control strategies may or may not have an
immediately visible impact. There are still large uncertainties in this
approach, especially the inaccurate emission inputs, and neglecting
aerosol–meteorology feedbacks in the model can generate large uncertainties
in the analysis as well.
Optically effective complex refractive index of coated black carbon aerosols: from numerical aspects
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Mao Mao , Yin Yan
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Aerosol complex refractive index (ACRI) is an important microphysical
parameter used for the studies of modeling their radiative effects. With
considerable uncertainties related to retrieval based on observations, a
numerical study is a powerful method, if not the only one, to provide a
better and more accurate understanding of retrieved optically effective ACRIs
of aged black carbon (BC) particles. Numerical investigations of the
optically effective ACRIs of polydisperse coated BC aggregates retrieved from
their accurate scattering and absorption properties, which are calculated by
the multiple-sphere T-matrix method (MSTM), without overall particle shape
variations during retrieval, are carried out. The aim of this study is to
evaluate the effects of aerosol microphysics, including shell∕core
ratio Dp∕Dc, BC geometry, BC position inside coating,
and size distribution, on retrieved optically effective ACRIs of coated BC
particles. At odds with expectations, retrieved optically effective ACRIs of
coated BC particles in coarse mode are not merely impacted by their chemical
compositions and shell∕core ratio, being highly complicated functions
of particle microphysics. However, in accumulation mode, the coated BC
optically effective ACRI is dominantly influenced by particle chemical
compositions and the shell∕core ratio. The popular volume-weighted
average (VWA) method and effective medium theory (EMT) provide acceptable
ACRI results for coated BC in accumulation mode, and the resulting
uncertainties in particle scattering and absorption are both less than
approximately 10 %. For coarse coated BC, the VWA and EMT, nevertheless,
produce dramatically higher imaginary parts than those of optically effective
ACRIs, significantly overestimating particle absorption by a factor of nearly
2 for heavily coated BC with a large BC fractal dimension or BC close to the
coating boundary. Using the VWA could introduce significant overestimation in
aged BC absorption analysis studies, and this may be one of the reasons why
modeled aerosol optical depth is 20 % larger than observed, since it is
widely employed in the state-of-the-art aerosol–climate models. We propose a
simple new ACRI parameterization for fully coated BC with
Dp/Dc≥2.0 in coarse mode, which can serve as a
guide for the improvement of ACRIs of heavily coated BC, and its scattering
and absorption errors are reduced by a factor of nearly 2 compared to the
VWA. Our study indicates that a reliable estimate of the radiative effects of
aged BC particles in coarse mode would require accounting for the optically
effective ACRI, rather than the ACRI given by the VWA, in aerosol–climate
models.
Enhanced heterogeneous uptake of sulfur dioxide on
mineral particles through modification of iron speciation
during simulated cloud processing
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Wang Tao , Fu Hongbo , Zhang Liwu , Tang Mingjin , George Christian , Grassian Vicki H. , Chen Jianmin
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Iron-containing mineral aerosols play a key role in the oxidation of sulfur species in the atmosphere. Simulated cloud processing (CP) of typical mineral particles, such as illite (IMt-2), nontronite (NAu-2), smectite (SWy-2) and Arizona test dust (ATD) is shown here to modify sulfur dioxide (SO2) uptake onto mineral surfaces. Heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 on particle surfaces was firstly investigated using an in situ DRIFTS apparatus. Our results showed that the BET surface area normalized uptake coefficients (γBET) of SO2 on the IMt-2, NAu-2, SWy-2 and ATD samples after CP were 2.2, 4.1, 1.5 and 1.4 times higher than the corresponding ones before CP, respectively. The DRIFTS results suggested that CP increased the amounts of reactive sites (e.g., surface OH groups) on the particle surfaces and thus enhanced the uptake of SO2. TEM showed that the particles broke up into smaller pieces after CP, and thus produced more active sites. The free-Fe measurements confirmed that more reactive Fe species were present after CP, which could enhance the SO2 uptake more effectively. Mössbauer spectroscopy further revealed that the formed Fe phase were amorphous Fe(III) and nanosized ferrihydrite hybridized with Al/Si, which were possibly transformed from the Fe in the aluminosilicate lattice. The modification of Fe speciation was driven by the pH-dependent fluctuation coupling with Fe dissolution-precipitation repeatedly during the experiment. Considering both the enhanced SO2 uptake and subsequent promotion of iron dissolution along with more active Fe formation, which in turn lead to more SO2 uptake, it was proposed that there may be a positive feedback between SO2 uptake and iron mobilized on particle surfaces during CP, thereby affecting climate and biogeochemical cycles. This self-amplifying mechanism generated on the particle surfaces may also serve as the basis of high sulfate loading in severe fog-haze events observed recently in China.
An LES-based airborne Doppler lidar simulator for investigation of wind profiling in inhomogeneous flow conditions
Authors: Gasch Philipp , Wieser Andreas , Lundquist Julie K. , Kalthoff Norbert
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Wind profiling by Doppler lidar is common practice and highly useful in a wide range of applications. Airborne observations can provide additional insights to ground-based systems by allowing for spatially resolved and targeted measurements. This study prepares the ground for an upcoming airborne Doppler lidar system by investigating the measurement process theoretically. To evaluate the future system characteristics and measurement accuracy, a first LES-based airborne Doppler lidar simulator (ADLS) has been developed. The accuracy of retrieved wind profiles under inhomogeneous flow conditions in the boundary layer is investigated. In general, when using reasonable system setups, wind profiling is possible with acceptable error margins. Results allow for determination of preferential system setups and wind profiling strategies. Under the conditions considered, flow inhomogeneities exert the dominant influence on wind profiling error. In comparison, both the errors caused by random radial velocity fluctuations due to laser system noise and beam pointing inaccuracy due to system vibrations are of smaller magnitude. Airborne Doppler lidar wind profiling at low wind speeds (
Solar-cycle, seasonal, and asymmetric dependencies of thermospheric mass density disturbances due to magnetospheric forcing
Authors: Calabia Andres , Jin Shuanggen
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Short-term upper atmosphere variations due to magnetospheric forcing are very complex, and neither well understood nor capably modelled due to limited observations. In this paper, mass density variations from 2003–2013 of GRACE observations are isolated through the parameterization of annual, Local-Solar-Time (LST), and solar-cycle fluctuations using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique and investigated in terms of magnetospheric drivers. The magnitude of high-frequency (
Designing and Documenting Experiments in CMIP6
Authors: Pascoe Charlotte , Lawrence Bryan N. , Guilyardi Eric , Juckes Martin , Taylor Karl E.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Earth system modelling relies on contributions from groups who develop models and from those involved in devising, executing, and exploiting numerical experiments. Often these people work in different institutions, and they may communicate primarily via published information (whether journal papers, technical notes, or websites). The complexity of the models, experiments, and methodologies, along with the diversity (and sometimes inexact nature) of information sources can easily lead to misinterpretation of what was actually intended or done. In this paper we introduce a taxonomy of terms for more clearly defining numerical experiments, put it in the context of previous work on experimental ontologies, and describe how we have used it to document the CMIP6 experiments. We describe how this process involved iteration with a range of CMIP6 stakeholders to rationalise multiple sources of information and add clarity to experimental definitions. We demonstrate how this process has added value to CMIP6 itself by a) helping those devising experiments to be clear about their goals and expected methodology, b) making it easier for those executing experiments to know what was intended, c) exposing inter-relationships between experiments, and d) making it clearer for third parties (data users) to understand the CMIP6 experiments. We conclude with some lessons learned, and how these may be applied for any modelling campaign as well as future CMIP phases.
MOBILE LASER SCAN DATA FOR ROAD SURFACE DAMAGE DETECTION
Authors: van der Horst B. B. , Lindenbergh R. C. , Puister S. W. J.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Road surface anomalies affect driving conditions, such as driving comfort and safety. Examples for such anomalies are potholes, cracks and ravelling. Automatic detection and localisation of these anomalies can be used for targeted road maintenance. Currently road damage is detected by road inspectors who drive slowly on the road to look out for surface anomalies, which can be dangerous. For improving the safety road inspectors can evaluate road images. However, results may be different as this evaluation is subjective. In this research a method is created for detecting road damage by using mobile profile laser scan data. First features are created, based on a sliding window. Then K-means clustering is used to create training data for a Random Forest algorithm. Finally, mathematical morphological operations are used to clean the data and connect the damage points. The result is an objective and detailed damage classification. The method is tested on a 120 meters long road data set that includes different types of damage. Validation is done by comparing the results to a classification of a human road inspector. However, the damage classification of the proposed method contains more details which makes validation difficult. Nevertheless does this method result in 79% overlap with the validation data. Although the results are already promising, developments such as pre-processing the data could lead to improvements.
360° IMAGES FOR UAV MULTISENSOR DATA FUSION: FIRST TESTS AND RESULTS
Authors: Calantropio A. , Chiabrando F. , Einaudi D. , Teppati Losè L.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. A relevant research topic in the photogrammetry field is related with experimenting, at different levels, data fusion and sensors integration, aiming at the development of rapid mapping systems, capable of quickly delivering accurate data, for a wide range of applications. The presented contribute aims at exploiting the potentialities of spherical images and videos acquired using a 360° camera mounted on board of a medium-sized Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). More specifically, the focus has been the development and testing of a rapid-mapping hybrid system, capable of fast acquisition of data from both the on-board sensors. The reduction of the data acquisition time has been, and still is, a hot topic faced by the researchers in the Geomatics community, especially linked to some hazardous operative scenarios, where the reduction of the time on the field is crucial for operators’ safety reasons (like in post-earthquake early damage assessment surveys).After a deep analysis of the available scientific literature, it turned out that researchers have been more focused on terrestrial applications of these emerging sensors (360° cameras), and no significant studies for aerial application have been conducted yet. First of all, some laboratory tests have been carried out, in order to evaluate the metric accuracy of the 3D models generated using the employed 360° sensor; thereafter, a solution for acquiring spherical images from 360° camera mounted on a light UAV has been designed. Problems and issues have been addressed and discussed, and results and improvements are, at the end of the paper, evaluated and proposed.
THE CROWN DIAMETER ESTIMATION FROM FIXED WING TYPE OF UAV IMAGERY
Authors: Grznárová A. , Mokroš M. , Surový P. , Slavík M. , Pondelík M. , Merganič J.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The forest inventory is an important instrument for sustainable forest management. Canopy Height Model (CHM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) created from high-resolution UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) imagery provide possibility to determine tree crown diameters for the whole stand at fast. The goal of this paper is to identify the influence of tree species on the accuracy of estimation of crown diameter from high-resolution UAV imagery. In Plot 1 with coniferous tree species we identified 21 trees from total of 22 trees that leads to a detection rate of 95%. In Plot 1 with deciduous trees species we identified 24 trees from total 34 trees that leads to a detection rate of 71%. The RMSE errors calculated between the reference crown diameters and estimated crown diameters by IWS on Plot 1and Plot 2 were calculated as 0.80 m (RMSE% = 21.85) and 1.89 m (RMSE% = 21.54), respectively. The results didn’t show the significant influence of tree species on the accuracy of estimation of crown diameter from high-resolution UAV imagery. However, result showed the significant influence of tree species on the detection number trees on the plot. The detection of number trees on the plot by method Inverese Watersed Segmentation in software ArcGis is higher for coniferous tree species. It is mainly due to the overlapping crowns.
SHADOW DETECTION IN HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES ACQUIRED BY UAV
Authors: Imai N. N. , Tommaselli A. M. G. , Berveglieri A. , Moriya E. A. S.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Shadows are common in any kind of remote sensing images. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle – UAV with a light camera attached can acquire images illuminated either by direct sunlight or by diffuse light under clouds. Indeed, areas with pixels shaded by clouds must be detected and labelled in order to use this additional information for image analysis. Classification of health and diseased plants in permanent culture as the orange plantation field can present some errors due to tree cast shadow. So, hyperspectral or multispectral image classification can be improved by previous shadow detection. Some FPI hyperspectral camera, designed for agricultural applications is limited in the spectral range between 500 to 900 nm. Wavelengths in the region of blue light and in the SWIR spectral region have physical properties that enable the enhancement of shaded regions in the images. In this work some combinations of different spectral bands were evaluated in order to specify those suitable to detect shadows in agricultural field images. In this sense, considering that vegetation and soil are the two main kind of coverage in an agricultural field, we hypothesized that wavelengths near blue light and the longest near infrared available in the camera range are good choices. In both spectral regions soil and vegetation targets have small spectral differences which contribute to enhance the differences between shaded and illuminated regions in the image. Hyperspectral images acquired with a FPI hyperspectral camera onboard a UAV over a plantation of oranges were used to evaluate these spectral bands. The results showed that the wavelengths of aproximatelly 510 nm and 840 nm available in the FPI camera are the best to detect any type of shadows in the agricultural fields.
UAV AND LIDAR IMAGE REGISTRATION: A SURF-BASED APPROACH FOR GROUND CONTROL POINTS SELECTION
Authors: Kalantar B. , Ueda N. , Al-Najjar H. A. H. , Moayedi H. , Halin A. A. , Mansor S.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Multisource remote sensing image data provides synthesized information to support many applications including land cover mapping, urban planning, water resource management, and GIS modelling. Effectively utilizing such images however requires proper image registration, which in turn highly relies on accurate ground control points (GCP) selection. This study evaluates the performance of the interest point descriptor SURF (Speeded-Up Robust Features) for GCPs selection from UAV and LiDAR images. The main motivation for using SURF is due to it being invariant to scaling, blur and illumination, and partially invariant to rotation and view point changes. We also consider features generated by the Sobel and Canny edge detectors as complements to potentially increase the accuracy of feature matching between the UAV and LiDAR images. From our experiments, the red channel (Band-3) produces the most accurate and practical results in terms of registration, while adding the edge features seems to produce lacklustre results.
3D HAZARD ANALYSIS AND OBJECT-BASED CHARACTERIZATION OF LANDSLIDE MOTION MECHANISM USING UAV IMAGERY
Authors: Karantanellis E. , Marinos V. , Vassilakis E.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Late years, innovative close-range remote sensing technology such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) are widely applied in the field of geoscience due to their efficiency in collecting data about surface morphology. Their main advantage stands on the fact that conventional methods are mainly collecting point measurements such as compass measurements of bedding and fracture orientation solely from accessible areas. The current research aims to demonstrate the applicability of UAVs in managing landslide and rockfall hazard in mountainous environments during emergency situations using object-based approach. Specifically, a detailed UAV survey took place in a test site namely as Proussos, one of the most visited and famous Monasteries in the territory of Evritania prefecture, in central Greece. An unstable steep slope across the sole road network results in continuous failures and road cuts after heavy rainfall events. Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry is used to provide detailed 3D point clouds describing the surface morphology of landslide objects. The latter resulted from an object-based classification approach of the photogrammetric point cloud products into homogeneous and spatially connected elements. In specific, a knowledge-based ruleset has been developed in accordance with the local morphometric parameters. Orthomosaic and DSM were segmented in meaningful objects based on a number of geometrical and contextual properties and classified as a landslide object (scarp, depletion zone, accumulation zone). The resulted models were used to detect and characterize 3D landslide features and provide a hazard assessment in respect to the road network. Moreover, a detailed assessment of the identified failure mechanism has been provided. The proposed study presents the effectiveness and efficiency of UAV platforms to acquire accurate photogrammetric datasets from high-mountain environments and complex surface topographies and provide a holistic object-based framework to characterize the failure site based on semantic classification of the landslide objects.
EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL TO OBTAIN DBH OF TREES USING DATA FROM A LIGHTWEIGHT LASER SCANNING SYSTEM ON-BOARD A UAV
Authors: Machado M. V. , Tommaselli A. M. G. , Tachibana V. M. , Martins-Neto R. P. , Campos M. B.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Vegetation mapping requires information about trees and underlying vegetation to ensure proper management of the urban and forest environments. This information can be obtained using remote sensors. For instance, lightweight systems composed of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as a platform, low-cost laser units and the recent miniaturized navigation sensors (positioning and orientation) have become a very feasible and flexible alternative. Low-cost UAV-ALS systems usually provide centimetric accuracy in altimetry, according to flight data configuration and quality of observations. This paper presents a feasibility study of a lightweight ALS system on-board a UAV to estimate the diameters at breast height (DBH) of urban trees using LiDAR data and linear regression model. A mathematical model correlating the crown diameter and height of the tree to estimate the DBH was developed based on a linear regression with stepwise method. The stepwise linear regression method enables the addition and the removal of predictor variables through statistical tests. The tree samples were separated in two classes (A and B), according to the diametric distribution. These sample classes were used to define two linear regression models. The regression models that best fit the samples achieved an R2 adj value above 94% for class A and B, which demonstrates the closeness between the samples and the developed mathematical models. The quality control of the proposed regression models was performed comparing the DBH values estimated and directly measured (reference). DBH of the trees were estimated with an average discrepancy of 8.7 cm.