bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robert Merton and Ibn Sina: A Roll Call of Moral Imperatives
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Vasechko Vyacheslav
Published: January 2022

The paper attempts to expand the authentic understanding of the imperatives of the scientific ethos given by R.K. Merton in 1942. In the original interpretation, Merton’s Code referred only to the European science of the New Age and subsequent centuries. As Merton himself and his followers have seen, the applicability of this code to other societies is not relevant. However, the author of the paper believes that the original four maxims of Merton in one way or another work effectively outside the specified space-time frame and, in particular, work in medieval Arab-Muslim science. The philosophical allegorical parable "The Message of Birds" written by Ibn Sina in the XI century is used as a text in which the imperatives that semantically coincide with Merton's maxims are found. The analysis shows that the text of the medieval scientist is transparently articulated: 1) Mertonian "communism" which assumes the collective ownership of epistemological discourse participants of the products received in its process (new empirical facts, theoretical and methodological innovations); 2) "universalism" that excludes any discrimination of discourse subjects on external, non-scientific criteria; 3) "disinterestedness", according to which the scientist builds his activities as if he had no other interests but to understand the truth; 4) "organized skepticism" according to which there is no presumption of innocence in science, and whoever comes forward with epistemological innovation must calmly and patiently prove his rightness to those who are standing in defence of the existing body of knowledge. Since the author of "The Message of Birds", despite his chosen artistic and mystical form for this work, is one of the largest figures of medieval Arab-Muslim science, his parable should be interpreted, first of all, as a text, which reflects the very process of cognitive search in pre-classical science. A closer familiarity with the nature and content of epistemological discourse in ancient and medieval traditional societies provides a good reason here to see one of the attempts to systematize the ethical rules that have actually been in force among scientists for many centuries.
Assessing the Preparedness to Work in an Active Company on the Basis of Sociological Research
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Nizovkina Natalia , Kharchenko Irina ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk
Published: January 2022

Based on the statistics, because of the survey of Novosibirsk region residents, we studied data on personal readiness for activity in work, to flexibility, to adaptability. Employees should be able to assess the real situation, and should be able to be creative. Businesses are moving to a flexible organization, flexible working conditions. It is increasingly worrying workers and businesses. The article takes on special relevance in the context of the search and activation of new sources of economic development with the introduction of a new methodology for the management of Agile. The assessment was satisfactory. Self-assessment of the potential of workers has been reasonable. The level of independence was adequate. The desire to participate in a new type of economy with commercialization is unsatisfactory. The desire to participate in scientific developments, discoveries, inventions is unsatisfactory. The validity of the study's findings is based on self-assessments of ability, preparedness (competence) and desire (motivation) activities, mainly for work and continuous education.
Formation of a New Person as a Formational Meaning. The Era of Transformation in the History of Europe
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation, Pikov Gennady
Published: January 2022

The article draws attention to the fact that the phenomenon of marginality is the formation of one's own environment, although not completely dissolving into it. Traditional culture goes into the "basements" of society or manifests itself in the life and mentality of marginals. In a society affected by crisis, several cultural trajectories collide: descending, ascending and, for the marginalized, breaking traditional ties and creating their own, completely different world. In fact, marginality is the third culture, a special socio-cultural state. The article discusses its corresponding components. The prerequisites of global transformation are considered. The situation in Europe begins to change fundamentally at the turn of the I-II millennia. The formation of the era of European Transformation can begin with the XI-XIII centuries, when "Catholic" Europe appears. Phenomenal in its results was the "Renaissance of the XII century", the first truly pan-European Revival at the origins of the era of Transformation. With this, the movement towards a High Renaissance began. The Crusades (XI-XIII centuries) are particularly highlighted. After the Crusades, two variants of capitalism become promising and predominant in Europe and North America, and then their slow convergence continues. The XIII century became a milestone for contemporaries. On the one hand, Europe, it would seem, reached the end of history by creating some kind of optimal model. On the other hand, the reverse side of the idea of the "end of history" became clearly visible. The Mongols, having captured most of Eurasia, reformatted the ethno-political space. In this century, capitalist Europe is born, in fact, as a special development option. Highlighting the era of transformation does not mean that we should abandon the usual division of European history into known periods: antiquity, the Middle Ages, modern times. This periodization successfully emphasizes social and economic aspects and provides a chronological understanding of transitional processes. The era of Transformation is more voluminous, since we are talking about the transition from a centuries-old traditional society to a new stage of human development. Neither the Renaissance nor the Reformation created a new culture, the so-called bourgeois culture will have many faces, both international and national. The main thing is seen in the liberation of man from the former powerful civilizational model, Latin-Christian, i.e. Imperial-ecclesiastical, and ultimately - in the formation of a new type of man.
Tolstoy and Dostoevsky: Two Images of Finding God
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Rodin Kirill
Published: January 2022

The religious opposition of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky was formalized (or even created) and was significantly widened in the works of Russian religious philosophy. The almost unconditional acceptance (or at least sympathy) for Dostoevsky's religiosity, along with distrust and well-known criticism of Tolstoy's later religious works, was firmly entrenched in the Orthodox and general cultural consciousness for more than a century. However, the confrontation was never taken seriously. We want to outline the insurmountable chasm between two images of finding God using the example of the relationship between Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova on the one hand, and Father Sergius (Stepan Kasatsky) and Pashenka (Praskovya Mikhailovna) on the other. These examples are of a paradigmatic nature and can be extended to other artistic and religious (in Dostoevsky's case, journalistic) works of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. From the legacy of Russian religious philosophy for the consideration of the works selected in the article ("Crime and Punishment" and "Father Sergius"), Bulgakov's "The Man-God and the Man-Beast" has the greatest and characteristic value. The opposition set by Bulgakov between Tolstoy (using the example of later works) and Dostoevsky (using the figure of the elder Zosima) is considered a misunderstanding by us. Bulgakov biasedly understands the religious meaning of Tolstoy's later texts. We offer a different reading of "Father Sergius" and raise the question of different images of the attainment (finding) of God in the texts of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky anew.
МОЛОДЕЖНЫЕ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЯ В РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ НА ЮГЕ РОССИИ: СУБЪЕКТНОСТЬ И СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ
Authors: Бедрик Андрей Владимирович , Зайцева Анастасия Андреевна , Панфилова Юлия Сергеевна , Щукина Елена Львовна
Published: January 2022

Аннотация. Цель исследования — оценить социальную эффективность деятельности молодежных общественных объединений, занимающихся реализацией приоритетных направлений государственной национальной политики и степень их субъектности. Для достижения поставленной цели был использован метод глубинных интервью с субъектами реализации национальной политики (20 информантов) и лидерами молодежных общественных объединений (30 информантов) в Крыму, Краснодарском крае и Ростовской области.

Методологическая база исследования включает рассмотрение социальной эффективности деятельности молодежных общественных объединений с точки зрения структурно-функционального подхода, с позиции социального конструктивизма, а понимание социальной субъектности — в контексте теории Вал. А. Лукова.

Результаты исследования. Говоря о социальной эффективности деятельности молодежных общественных объединений, участвующих в реализации государственной национальной политики, необходимо разделить это понятие на широкий и узкий смысл. В широком смысле деятельность этих объединений эффективной назвать можно не всегда, в первую очередь потому, что в нее вовлечен достаточно узкий сегмент молодежи. Если же говорить о работе с целевыми выборками аудитории, то здесь их деятельность эффективна: они выступают регуляторами отношений между молодежью диаспор, популяризируют культуру этносов среди студентов, выступают агентами социальной адаптации молодых мигрантов, работают как медиаторы и каналы социальной мобильности. Что касается субъектности этих объединений, то сегодня она находится на достаточно высоком уровне: инициация их создания идет «снизу», они имеют развитую сеть партнерских отношений, инициируют инновационные социальные проекты. При этом оценки перспектив развития субъектности данных объединений среди экспертов разнятся: часть видит в них большой потенциал, часть отмечает препятствия в развитии субъектности, связанные с наличием у них большого спектра проблем.

Перспективы исследования: разработка комплекса рекомендаций для повышения эффективности деятельности молодежных общественных объединений в сфере реализации приоритетных направлений государственной национальной политики.
СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТЬ В КОЛЛЕКТИВНЫХ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯХ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ ГРУПП КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ
Authors: Войтенко Валерия Петровна , Пантелеев Вадим Геннадьевич
Published: January 2022

Аннотация. Целью исследования является выявление коллективных представлений этнических групп, проживающих в Краснодарском крае, о социальной справедливости.

Методологическую базу исследования представляет определение респондентом предпочитаемого им основания социальной справедливости посредством оценки суждений, характеризующих эти основания, способом выбора парной альтернативы (согласен / не согласен). В статье использовались такие научные методы, как каузальный анализ, сравнительный анализ, анализ статистики эмпирического социологического исследования.

Результаты исследования. В результате анализа и сопоставления эмпирических данных была выявлена специфика представлений о социальной справедливости этносов, проживающих на территории Краснодарского края — армян, русских, турок-месхетинцев, шапсугов. Главными основаниями социальной справедливости у армян оказались законность, помощь нуждающимся «всем миром», равные условия развития каждого, вознаграждение по заслугам. У русских такими основаниями оказались законность, равные условия развития каждого, вознаграждение по заслугам, помощь нуждающимся «всем миром». У турок-месхетинцев — равные условия развития каждого, помощь нуждающимся «всем миром», законность, отсутствие разделения на богатых и бедных. У шапсугов — равные условия развития каждого, помощь нуждающимся «всем миром», законность, вознаграждение по заслугам. Выявлены отличия представлений социальной справедливости по линии урбанизированности и религиозной принадлежности этносов.

Перспективы исследования заключаются в дальнейшем углублении изучения того, какие представления о социальной справедливости присущи тем или иным этническим группам. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в разработке национальной политики по отношению к конкретным этническим группам.
ИНОСТРАННЫЕ СТУДЕНТЫ И ПРИНИМАЮЩЕЕ СООБЩЕСТВО ВУЗА: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВОСПРИЯТИЯ И ПРАКТИКИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ
Authors: Карташевич Екатерина Владимировна , Чикарова Галина Игоревна , Гаврилов Павел Сергеевич
Published: January 2022

Аннотация. Цель статьи: выявить характер взаимоотношений между иностранными студентами — образовательными (учебными) мигрантами и представителями принимающего сообщества вуза, в котором они проходят обучение.

Эмпирическая база включает в себя результаты прикладного социологического исследования, проведенного коллективом Южно-Российского филиала ФНИСЦ РАН в 2021 году методом анкетного опроса иностранных студентов вузов Юга России.

Результаты. Несмотря на то, что для иностранных студентов, обучающихся в вузах ЮФО, характерно позитивное отношение к представителям принимающего сообщества на уровне социально-психологических установок, сформированных еще до прибытия в страну обучения и сохраняющихся в процессе обучения и непосредственного пребывания в новом для себя обществе, и сложившиеся эффективные практики взаимодействия учебных мигрантов с представителями принимающего сообщества посредством расширения внеучебной деятельности вузов, все же учебные мигранты ЮФО, ставшие участниками проводимого исследования, демонстрируют преобладание в поведении стратегии ограничения взаимодействий с принимающим сообществом, что может быть барьером на пути реализации миграционной политики РФ.

Перспективы исследования. Предложенное исследование подчеркивает необходимость рассмотрения образовательных (учебных) мигрантов как самостоятельной социальной группы в контексте изучения таких социальных процессов, как адаптация и интеграция мигрантов.
STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING LEVEL OF ONLINE TEACHING IN THE TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (TVET) SECTOR
Authors: Srivishagan Vijayaragunathan , Madhusankha Wanasundara Arachchilage Ishara , Munasinghe Jayogha Chalanga , Danthanarayana Chathuri Piumika , Samarasinghe Haththotuwa Gamage Dayal Shamin
Published: January 2022

Although online education is not a recently emerged concept, the popularity of the concept has been boosted with the pandemic COVID-19, where the students have to depend totally on online education and they have been framed in it forcefully irrespective of the fact whether online education suits all type of education, especially for the sectors where the practicality is given the priority such as in the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector. Therefore, there arises a need to investigate the understanding level of the students. The objectives of this research are to identify the students’ understanding level of online teaching and to evaluate the relationship between the understanding level of students and online teaching methods. The population of the study was all the students in the TVET sector in Sri Lanka and the sample was 294 students from 6 university colleges. Structured questionnaires were distributed among the sample for data collection. Descriptive analysis and correlation analysis were employed in the data analysis. The results discovered that a majority of students understand the online theoretical lecture delivery but they lack infrastructure facilities to engage in the academic activities. There is a low level of understanding of practical lessons. Moreover, the results visualize a moderate positive relationship between the students’ understanding level and online teaching methods. The researchers suggested that online teaching can be used for theory lectures in critical situations such as disasters but for the practical sessions, the student should physically be present to the field. Efficient strategies relevant to each type of professional qualification provided by the institutes should be implemented.
On the Zeta-Function of Zeros of Entire Function
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Kuzovatov Vyacheslav I. , Kytmanov Alexander M. , Sadullaev Azimbai ,   National university of Uzbekistan
Published: January 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the properties of the zeta-function of zeros of entire function. We obtained an explicit expression for the kernel of the integral representation of the zetafunction in one case
Numerical Simulation of the Fused Deposition Modeling for the Manufacturing of Parts with both High Geometric Fidelity and Mechanical Quality
Authors:   Otto-von-Guericke-Universit¨at Magdeburg, Altenbach Holm , Janiga G´abor , Androsch Rene , Beiner Mario ,   Martin-Luther-Universit¨at Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale), Runge Paul-Maximilian
Published: January 2022

With increasing usage of additive manufacturing methods for mechanical parts the need for precise and reliable simulations of the manufacturing process increases as well. In this paper various com- putations suited for simulating the fused deposition modeling process are considered in two dimensions. In fused deposition modeling a molten polymer is laid down on a prescribed path before the cooling of the melt begins. The occuring flows are treated as multiphase flows. To model the deposition of the filament, methods of computational fluid dynamics are used in ANSYS-Fluent, namely the volume of fluid method (VOF). Different numerical experiments are simulated
Thawing of Permafrost During the Operation of Wells of North-Mukerkamyl Oil and Gas Field
Authors:   Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Filimonov Mikhail Yu. , Vaganova Nataliia A.
Published: January 2022

Thawing of ice-saturated rocks due to climate change or various technological impacts will be accompanied by subsidence of the earth’s surface and development of dangerous permafrost geological processes called thermokarst, leading to accidents, which may destruct the wells. Currently, the investment programs of the development of new northern oil and gas fields are restricted. In this regard, reducing the cost of developing the oil and gas fields is an urgent problem. For example, diminishing the area of well pads and maintaining efficiency in the northern oil and gas fields can significantly reduce the costs, in particular, during the design stage. A model of unsteady thermal fields propagation in frozen soil from new well construction for the North Mukerkamyl oil and gas field is developed, taking into account the construction features, the annulus, and the complex lithology of the soil surrounding the well. It is planned to take into account climatic and technological factors, in particular, an annual rest period of well operation, which held from several hours to two weeks. The paper discusses the computational features of the thermal fields calculating in frozen ground from wells and explores the influence of various parameters, which in the computations may lead to a significant increasing of thawing area in the well pads
Prospects and Development of Research of Composite Elastomer Materials
Authors:   Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, Yoqubov Bekhzod B. , Ibadullaev Akhmadjon ,   Tashkent State Transport University, Yoqubova Dilnora Q. ,   Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, Teshabaeva Elmira U. ,   Tashkent State Transport University
Published: January 2022

The aim of this work is to study the effect of new modified ingredients on the complex of properties of composite elastomeric materials. It was found that the introduction of modified ingredients into the composition of elastomeric compositions enhances interfacial interaction at the «rubber-filler» interface and the formation of additional bonds between rubber macromolecules and functional groups, as a result of which an improvement in the complex of properties of the compositions is observed. The introduction of modified carbon into the composition of elastomeric compositions enhances interfacial interaction at the «rubber-filler» interface and the formation of additional bonds between rubber macromolecules and functional groups of the oligomer, as a result of which an improvement in the complex of properties of the compositions is observed. The technology of purification of mineral fillers from metal oxides has been developed. A sufficiently high degree of purification by this method is due to the fact that in the process of temperature exposure at 950 K, iron ions from the paramagnetic state (d-form Fe2O3) pass into ferromagnetic (r-form Fe3O4). Feasibility and prospects of using modified fillers, both mineral and organic, in the formulations of rubber compounds for the production of various types of rubber products
High-Intensity Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Treatment of Sulfated Polysaccharide from Brown Algae
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Suprunchuk Viktoria E.
Published: January 2022

This paper reports on an effective method for depolymerization of fucoidan in an aqueous medium using ultrasonic treatment. To assess the effect of this treatment, high-molecular-weight fucoidan was dispersed at a concentration of 10 mg/ml in deionized water and subjected to ultrasound at a frequency of 20 kHz with varying intensity. The effect of high-intensity low-frequency ultrasound on the particle size of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from brown algae, where the minimum value of the average hydrodynamic diameter was 85.92 ± 32.9 nm, was studied. The dependence of the particle size of the polysaccharide on the intensity of ultrasonic exposure was revealed. The influence of this effect on the degree of sulfation of fucoidan has been determined. Shown the cavitation activity in the processing environment and discussed the reasons for its change
Representation of Sportswomen in the Online Version of Ukrainian Daily Newspaper “Segodnya”
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Shafarenko Yuliia , Volobuieva Anastasiia ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: January 2022

Female athletes’ media representation is an object of scientific attention during the last forty years, but few studies analyze the situation in Eastern European countries. Meanwhile, there is no research on sportswomen’s representation in Ukrainian media. Using a content analysis methodology, we analyzed women’s sports coverage in the sports section of the online version of popular Ukrainian daily newspaper Segodnya (Today). We found that most articles in the sports section are dedicated to men’s sport, and women’s sport is poorly covered. Female athletes are controversially framed in news stories. While ‘sports stories’ depict sporting achievements of female athletes and are accompanied by photographs of female athletes in action, the percentage of stories that are not related to sport is quite high. These «non-sports» stories are dedicated mainly to sportswomen’s appearance and sexuality, as well as their private life.
ROADMAP FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF CYBER INSURANCE IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Prykaziuk N.V. , Gumenyuk L.S. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: January 2022

The article examines the process of implementing cyber insurance in the world and proposes a Roadmap for implementation in Ukraine. The key goals and objectives facing the insurance market of Ukraine and the regulator in order to achieve this goal are considered. Approximate deadlines for the necessary measures to prepare for the introduction of cyber insurance in the Ukrainian economy are outlined. The key features of regulations in the field of cyber security in the EU and Australia are highlighted and ways to adapt them in Ukraine are proposed. Promising means to increase the security of individuals and legal entities in the digital space on the example of the mechanism of interaction between insurers and expert organizations in Australia. The main vectors of cooperation between insurance companies and expert organizations in the field of cyber security in the Ukrainian and global insurance markets are listed. A system of interaction between the subjects of cyber-insurance relations with the positioning of the insured in the center of relations as a key participant in insurance has been developed, which proves the high customer orientation of this area of ​​insurance business. The current problems of the Ukrainian insurance market are substantiated and the ways of their solution through the mechanism of cyber insurance implementation are offered: modeling of the mechanism of estimation of losses from cyber attacks, monitoring of the current state of insurers, development of ways to minimize cyber incidents. The dynamics of cyber incidents in 2020 is analyzed and the correlation between the occurrence of global lockdowns caused by COVID-19 and the growth in the number of cyber attacks is revealed. Based on the analysis, it is proved that the introduction of cyber insurance in Ukraine is a necessary tool to protect all participants in insurance relations from cyber risks and for the development of the insurance market as a whole.
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN THE CREATIVE BUSINESS INDUSTRIES IN A HYBRID WAR
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Onysenko T. , Mykytiuk Mykytiuk O. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Mysnyk N. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: January 2022

The social context comes to the fore global development and, accordingly, the issues of the future destiny of man and the peculiarities of the space of his existence. Labour is an expression of the forces of mankind and the sacred moral duty. Without work neither the living of society nor the existence of each individual is possible. Work develops and glorifies the personality. Creativity is central to the creative industries, as it plays a role in these areas equal to the innovation in other sectors of the economy. But creativity is far enough from such industries as business and economics. During the statistical survey on the level of creativity in the workplace, I have been comparing indicators of people’s level of satisfaction in the film industry and business. Modern economic system both in developed countries and in countries of so-called catching-up development, increasingly are developing in the direction of intellectualization of the economy, the main result of which are new ideas that are commercialized in innovation, especially in the creative sphere of human activity. Results intellectual property rights are increasingly finding their way application and practical implementation in the role of the most valuable economic resource, and creativity becomes the main source economic value in a hybrid war. The development of modern society requires active transformations in the personnel management system of enterprises on the way to optimizing management systems, the effectiveness of approaches to professional development of employees, the use of innovative technologies for the formation of labor potential. That is why this article is devoted to such topical issues as the peculiarities of the application of specific methods of personnel management of creative industries, analysis of factors that have become prominent in this particular area. Great importance is attached to the digitalization of management processes in the enterprise, the main aspects of creative work are highlighted; the advantages of using creativity for personnel management in traditional spheres of production activity are considered. In turn, the modern world, along with the benefits of economic processes, pushes economic actors to new challenges related to development, innovation, technology management. Such a challenge has been the hybrid war in which Ukraine's economy has been developing for the past seven years. The article reflects the influence of various components on the formation of qualitative characteristics of the labor potential of the creative sphere.
Atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary heart disease: current state of the problem
Authors: Zotov Aleksandr S. , Sakharov Emil R. , Korolev Sergey V. , Drakina Olga V. , Khabazov Robert I. , Troitskiy Aleksandr V.
Published: January 2022

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common types of cardiac arrhythmia observed in clinical practice. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment, atrial fibrillation remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In addition, atrial fibrillation is quite often combined with other pathologies of the cardiovascular system and is a marker of an unfavorable outcome. Several previous studies have demonstrated reduced survival in patients with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation who have not undergone surgery for arrhythmia. According to other data, the presence of preoperative atrial fibrillation among patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting was associated with significantly higher rates of major postoperative complications. Nowadays, no one doubts the fact that atrial fibrillation during a coronary artery bypass surgery is a risk factor for increased hospital mortality, postoperative morbidity and leads to a decrease in the long-term survival. The studies confirm the necessity of surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation during coronary revascularization to reduce both short-term and long-term postoperative mortality and late complications.
To topography of the cerebellum
Authors: Vishnevsky Alexander V.
Published: January 2022

This work is in connection with the studies by Chiari and Schwalbe on the position of the lower parts of the cerebellum. Chiari considers these data to be extremely interesting because it shows how much congenital hydrocephalus can affect the cerebellum and medulla oblongata, and on the other hand, from this point of view, it can be explained in some cases of hydrocephalus, certain clinical phenomena observed here.
Clinical and laboratory markers of early diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Karakulova Yu. V. , Sosnin D. Yu. , Filimonova T. A. , Nekrasova I. V.
Published: January 2022

Objective. To study the content of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor of type B kinase (TrkB) in patients at an early stage of diabetic polyneuropathy. Late diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is largely due to the presence of a subclinical stage, at which damage to the nervous system develops in the absence of complaints from the patient.
Materials and methods. 64 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 11 persons of the control group were examined with an assessment of the pain status and the degree of peripheral neuropathy using PainDetect, TSS, NSS, NDS scales. Disturbance of nerve conduction along the nerves of the lower extremities was studied using electroneuromyography (ENMG). The study of the quantitative content of BDNF and TrkB in the serum was carried out with enzyme immunoassay.
Results. The increased serum concentrations of BDNF (p = 0.001) and TrkB (p = 0.007) were found with the development of clinically evident DPN as compared to patients without DPN. In patients with diabetes mellitus with subclinical DPN, there was established a statistically significant increase in serum BDNF expression (2.97 [2.44; 3.37] ng/ml in comparison with the values both in the control group (p = 0.022) and in diabetic patients without DPN (p = 0.017). The mean TrkB level in this group was 4.29 [3.48; 5.62] ng/ml, that is also higher than the corresponding values for patients without DPN (p = 0.032) and the control group (p = 0.025). The serum BDNF level correlates with the duration of diabetes mellitus (R = 0.524; p = 0.02), the intensity of neuropathic pain (R = 0.402; p = 0.001), the degree of axonal damage according to ENMG data (R = -0.242; p = 0.03). Correlations between the serum TrkB content and the severity of diabetes mellitus course (R = 0.482; p = 0.01), pain intensity (R = 0.383; p = 0.001), and impaired nerve conduction (R = 0.359; p = 0.003) were found.
Conclusions. The elevated expression and increased serum concentrations of BDNF and TrkB occur at the initial stage of the damage of peripheral nerve fibers and correlate with the degree of compensation for carbohydrate metabolism, the duration of diabetes and the severity of neural conduction disorders. The data obtained allow us to consider the increased serum levels of BDNF and TrkB as the markers of subclinical stage of diabetic polyneuropathy.
Experience of managing neonates and breastfed in-fants with grade IV bilateral hydronephrosis
Authors: Nikolaev S. N. , Sergeeva S. V. , Menovshchikova L. B. , Levitskaya M. V. , Shumikhin V. S. , Erokhina N. O. , Burkin A. G.
Published: January 2022

To analyze the clinical cases of four patients with grade IV bilateral hydronephrosis. Ultrasound examination of the urinary system was used as the main examination method. During the first stage of surgical treatment, all children underwent preliminary urinary diversion; a month later, the results were assessed. The result of the preliminary urinary diversion was the implementation of the Heines-Andersen-Kucher reconstructive operation. According to the control ultrasound performed a month after the nephrostomy, pelvis on the nephrostomy was reduced in all cases, parenchyma thickness increased by an average of 4.5 times, improvement in intragranular blood flow was noted. Evaluation of the effectiveness of pyeloplasty was carried out according to three criteria: restoration of urodynamics, restoration of kidney function and the presence of infectious complications. The parenchyma of the operated kidney grew by an average of 3 times, the pelvis decreased by an average of 3.5 times. Restoration of intrarenal blood flow to the cortical layer, inclusive, was noted in 5 of 8 renal units. Before pyeloplasty, there were marked changes in the renal parenchyma and a decrease in its function by an average of 34 14 %; a year after reconstructive surgery, the changes became moderate, there was an improvement in renal function, a decrease in function by 25 10 %. In our opinion, the starting method for providing urgent surgical care to neonates and breastfed infants with grade IV GN is preliminary urinary diversion, which allows us to determine the functional reserve of the renal parenchyma, delay reconstructive surgery, thereby giving time for the restoration of renal function and avoiding organ-carrying surgery.
Features of diagnosis of inflammatory lesions of central nervous system in HIV-infected patients at terminal stage of disease: clinical case
Authors: Karakulova Yu. V. , Seksyaev N. E. , Sosnin D. Yu.
Published: January 2022

The authors of the article describe a case of the damage to the central nervous system by fungi of the genus Cryptococcus in a HIV-infected patient. The features of clinical manifestations and laboratory diagnostics are characterized. Special attention is paid to the discrepancy between the sharply changed appearance of the cerebrospinal fluid obtained during lumbar puncture and the clinical picture of the disease as well as the data of laboratory analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.
Professor Boris Markovich Datskovsky: hundredth anniversary of birth
Authors: Elkin V. D. , Kobernik M. Yu. , Sedova T. G. , Kuznetsov I. D. , Plotnikova E. V. , Zhukova A. A.
Published: January 2022

The article is dedicated to the Head of the Department of Dermatovenerology from 1988 to 1995, MD, PhD, Professor Boris Markovich Datskovsky. This year we celebrate the hundredth anniversary of his birth. The main stages of his biography are presented, directions of his scientific, organizational, social and medical activity are described. Boris Markovich Datskovsky was an outstanding person, excellent teacher and lecturer, talented scientist, highly qualified dermatovenerologist and manager of public healthcare.
Clinical case of combination of cholelithiasis, obstructive jaundice and portal “coral-like” cholangiolithiasis: the issue of terminology
Authors: Klimentov M. N. , Styazhkina S. N. , Medvedeva O. V. , Pestereva V. A. , Dzyuin M. S.
Published: January 2022

The article describes the clinical observation of a patient operated on for obstructive jaundice with the localization of a stone in the lobar and common hepatic ducts. In anamnesis, there was cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis 10 years ago.
Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: clinical case
Authors: Korotovskikh L. I. , Koval M. V. , Bogdanova A. M. , Litvina L. D. , Tsypushkina V. V.
Published: January 2022

Today, cesarean scar pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy (1:18001: 2200). Moreover, the mortality rate in cesarean scar pregnancy is 191.2 per 100 000 cases, that 12 times exceeds the mortality rate in tubal pregnancy. In this article, we present a clinical observation of a rare case of cesarean scar pregnancy, as diagnosed by ultrasonography, in a 23-year-old patient after the cesarean surgery. The diagnosis was based on clinical, biochemical and ultrasound studies. Ultrasound played a crucial role in the determination of the fetus localization. Pathological pregnancy was eliminated by means of excision of the old scar and restoration of the uterine wall integrity. Such cases are becoming more common in connection with the increase in the frequency of caesarean sections, the improvement of technology, continuing medical education and professional development in the field of ultrasound. Knowledge of differential diagnosis can save the patient's life since the outcomes of cesarean scar pregnancy include severe complications with a possible loss of patients fertile function and immediate risk of death.
Effect of pregravid preparation of HIV-infected couples on perinatal outcomes
Authors: Ovchinnikova A. O. , Mikhalchenko S. V. , Kaganova M. A. , Chernova O. E.
Published: January 2022

Objective. To assess the levels of viral load, immune status as well as labor outcome depending on the absence or presence of pregravid preparation with the partner and without the latter.

Materials and methods. This cohort study included 90 women of reproductive age with stages 3 and 4A HIV infection. To compare the groups, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney tests and correlation analysis were applied.

Results. The pregravid preparation of HIV-infected women without a partner was detected to three-fold decrease a viral load in the I trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.001), two-fold in the II trimester (p = 0.02) and three-fold in the III trimester (p = 0.002); with a partner a two-fold decrease in the I trimester (p = 0.0018). The pregravid preparation of HIV-infected women reduces the probability of giving birth to a child with low body mass (p = 0.023); with a partner it decreases the risk for the preterm labor (p = 0.02).

Conclusions. Thus, the presence of pregravid preparation in HIV-infected women, with a partner as well, decreases the probability of giving birth to a child with low body mass and preterm labor.
Research and application of infrared thermography testing technology for large-scale amusement rides
Authors: Shen Gongtian , Liu Yuan , Wang Zunxiang , Yu Yue
Published: January 2022

The operation of large-scale amusement rides is directly related to the safety of the passengers. When an accident occurs involving an amusement ride, the social impact is extremely negative. Therefore, the safety requirements for large-scale amusement rides are extremely high. Condition
monitoring and fault diagnosis technologies provide effective ways to ensure the safe operation. Infrared thermal imaging is a common inspection and monitoring technology, which is widely used in electrical and hydraulic machinery systems. However, there is little literature about the application
of infrared thermography (IRT) in large-scale amusement rides and a lack of analysis and evaluation methods for infrared inspection results. In order to expand this technology to the field of large-scale amusement rides, it is necessary to research the temperature increase characteristics
of key components and develop corresponding technical standards. In the current study, the temperature variation characteristics of the electrical and hydraulic systems of large-scale amusement rides are first examined. Subsequently, the first IRT testing standard for amusement rides in China
is described, including its main content and technical requirements. Two test cases are provided in this study in order to illustrate the practicability and reliability of infrared thermography testing technology in the large-scale amusement rides industry.
Study on stress testing of ferromagnetic materials based on magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Zhang Ruilei , Gong Ziyang , Qiu Zhongchao , Teng Yuntian , Wang Zhe
Published: January 2022

The stress testing and evaluation of ferromagnetic materials that are widely applied in engineering has always been a focus of, and presented difficulties for, non-destructive testing. As there is still no effective method for detecting the stress of ferromagnetic materials, this paper
puts forward the idea of applying the magnetic anisotropy method based on the inverse magnetostriction effect in stress testing of ferromagnetic materials. According to the principle of the magnetic anisotropy method, this paper discusses the development of Mn-Zn ferrite probes of three different
structures, the construction of a magnetic anisotropy testing system comprising an excitation system, a signal collecting system and a signal processing system and the way in which a testing experiment was conducted on a 16MnR steel plate specimen under different conditions of stress, frequency
and excitation voltage. All three types of probe can effectively determine the stress location of the specimen and present different phenomena and characteristics of the test. According to the experiment, significant correlation is seen between the stress and the magnetic signal, which provides
a new idea for stress testing of ferromagnetic materials.
NIOM Analysis of Earthquake Observation Records in a Rockfill Dam
Authors: Mogi Hidenori , Kawakami Hideji
Published: January 2022

We applied the normalized input–output minimization method (a method developed for the analysis of propagation times in vertical array records) to long-term earthquake observation records from Aratozawa Dam (in Kurihara, Miyagi prefecture, Japan), spanning the period from July 1992 to December 2019 to determine the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the embankment, and investigated changes in soil properties. As a result, we showed that (1) the velocities of S and P waves in the upper section were 449 and 993 m/s, respectively, prior to the strong earthquake motions derived from earthquake records from January 1997 through October 2001, whereas 608 and 1538, respectively, in the lower section, (2) in the Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, the S-wave velocity in the upper section decreased to 158 m/s in the principal shock, and (3) in subsequent minor earthquakes the propagation velocity increased more or less in proportion with the logarithm of the number of elapsed days, requiring three years or longer to return to the initial value, (4) although similar changes were observed in the Great East Japan earthquake of 2011, the reduction in propagation velocity that remained after the principal shock was smaller than in the case of the Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, and it was judged that there were no large effects on the dam body such as those that occurred in the Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, and furthermore (5) in the principal shock of the Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, the shear modulus in the upper part of the dam body decreased from 400 to 50 MPa (with a maximum shear strain of 10−3), resulting in more pronounced changes than in the lower section, whereas the damping ratio increased by at least 10% in the lower section during the principal shock of the Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, resulting in much greater changes than in the upper section.
Seismic Source Processes of 25 Earthquakes (Mw>5) in the Gulf of California
Authors: Huesca-Pérez Eduardo , Gutierrez-Reyes Edahí , Quintanar Luis
Published: January 2022

The Gulf of California (GoC) is a complex tectonic boundary that has been instrumented in the past several decades to record broadband seismograms. This volume of data has allowed us to study several source parameters systematically. Before, only a few source parameters of earthquakes greater than magnitude five had been studied in the GoC area. We re-examined the focal mechanisms of several earthquakes in the southern GoC that occurred over the last 20 yr using local–regional distance broadband seismograms. These focal mechanisms were then used as input data to retrieve the time–space history of the rupture for each earthquake. This work contributes to the study of 25 rupture-process models computed with the method proposed by Yagi et al. (1999). To investigate more about the nature of the seismicity in the GoC, we also calculated the non-double-couple component of moment tensors for 45 earthquakes. Previous studies (e.g., Ortega et al., 2013, 2016) have shown that non-double-couple components from moment tensors in this region are associated with complex faulting, suggesting that oblique faults or several parallel faults are interacting simultaneously. Our results show that, at least for moderate earthquakes (5 < M < 6), rupture processes in the GoC show a complex interaction between fault systems. It is revealed on the important contribution of non-double-couple component obtained in the full moment tensor analysis.
Pengembangan instrumen penilaian psikomotor berbasis proyek untuk meningkatkan kompetensi psikomotor siswa dalam pembelajaran Blended Learning di era new normal
Authors: Ningsih Giarti , Patmi Rahayu Wening
Published: January 2022

Perkembangan kurikulum di Indonesia menyebabkan adanya perubahan dalam menentukan standar penilaian pendidikan. Kurikulum 2013 revisi merupakan kurikulum yang saat ini berlaku di Indonesia. Dengan diterapkannya kurikulum 2013 revisi maka menyebabkan standar penilaian mengalami perubahan, yang mana sebelumnya lebih berfokus pada hasil sedangkan pada kurikulum 2013 kegiatan penilaian lebih berfokus pada proses pembelajaran peserta didik. Namun, adanya covid-19 yang saat ini terjadi di Indonesia menyebabkan kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan secara online. Namun setelah diterapkannya new normal kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan antara kegiatan pembelajaran online dan tatap muka atau disebut blended learning. Adanya perubahan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran maka kegiatan penilaian yang dilakukan oleh guru juga sedikit mengalami perubahan. Dengan pembelajaran secara online maka kegiatan penilaian aspek psikomotor cukup sulit untuk dilakukan, sehingga tidak sedikit guru yang melakukan kegiatan penilaian lebih berfokus pada aspek kognitif. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut instrumen penilaian psikomotor berbasis proyek yang dikembangkan secara khusus untuk kegiatan pembelajaran dengan blended learning menjadi salah satu alternatif yang dapat digunakan oleh dalam melakukan penilaian aspek psikomotor. Penilaian proyek merupakan kegiatan penilaian terhadap suatu tugas proyek yang harus diselesaikan dalam kurun waktu tertentu.