bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matkailun affektiivisuus 2010-luvun suomalaisessa populaarimusiikissa
Authors: Laamanen Susanna , Venäläinen Juhana
Published: September 2022

Artikkelissa analysoidaan matkailun affektiivisuuden kuvauksia 2010-luvun suomenkielisessä populaarimusiikissa. Tarkastelu kohdistuu lauluihin, jotka kertovat ulkomaille suuntautuvasta vapaa-ajan matkailusta niin toteutuneiden kuin toteutumattomienkin matkojen myötä. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on lisätä ymmärrystä suomalaisessa populaarimusiikissa esitetyistä matkailutarinoista, niiden muutoksesta ja yhteydestä nykyhetkeen. Lauluilla on mahdollisuus tuoda esiin matkailuun liittyviä tunteita, kokemuksia ja trendejä, sanallistaa matkailun maailmaa yhteisesti jaettavaksi. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 84:stä hakusanapohjaisesti kerätystä kappaleesta, jotka edustavat niin tunnettujen kuin indie-artistien tuotantoa. Teoriaohjaava sisällönanalyysi kohdistui ensisijaisesti laulujen lyriikoihin, mutta tarkastelussa huomioitiin myös kappaleiden sävellys, sovitus ja genre tarinoiden rakentajina. Matkailun affektiivisuutta jäsennettiin neljän analyysissa tunnistetun tunnesävyn, pakenemisen, yltäkylläisyyden, muistelun ja jäämisen avulla. Analyysissä kappaleet kiinnitettiin yhteen leimallisimpaan tunnesävyyn, mutta laulujen tarinoissa eri tunnesävyt voivat myös liukua päällekkäin ja sulautua yhteen. Määrällisesti eniten lauluissa matkailu kiinnittyi pakenemiseen, joka näyttäytyi karnevalismina, levon tarpeena sekä eskapismina arjesta ja kotimaan ilmastosta. Nomadisuuteen ja kosmopoliittisuuteen kiinnittyvä yltäkylläisyys rakensi lauluissa uudenlaista matkailukuvastoa rajattoman ja pröystäilevän matkailun muodossa. Muistelun tunnesävy näyttäytyi kappaleissa erityisesti menneeseen parisuhteeseen ja yhteiseen matkakokemukseen liittyvänä omaelämäkerrallisuutena. Jäämisen tunnesävy esitettiin lauluissa niin köyhyyteen, ilmastonmuutokseen, kotiseuturakkauteen kuin matkailun keskiluokkaisuuden kritiikkiin liittyvien tarinoiden avulla. 2010-luvun suomalaisen populaarimusiikin matkailukappaleet ovat monilta osin jatkumoa edellisten vuosikymmenten laulujen matkakuvastolle, mutta mukana on myös uusia matkailun kasvuun ja arkipäiväistymiseen liittyviä esityksiä sekä matkailun kestävyyden sosiaalista ja ekologista kritiikkiä.
Matkailun korkeakoulutuksen henkeä etsimässä
Authors: Tillonen Mia , Edelheim Johan
Published: September 2022

Suomessa matkailun korkeakoulutasoista opetusta järjestetään viidessätoista oppilaitoksessa. Yhteensä 35 alemman ja ylemmän tason tutkintoa on tarjolla ammattikorkeakouluissa ja yliopistoissa suomeksi, ruotsiksi ja englanniksi. Monet koulutusohjelmat muistuttavat toisiaan, mutta osalla niistä on näkyvissä selkeämmin oma profiili, henki ja arvomaailma, jonka pohjalta opiskelijoita opetetaan. Artikkelissa tutkimme näitä koulutusohjelmia käyttäen Jafarin (1990) koroketeoriaa ja sen viimeaikaisia kehityssuuntia. Laadullisen tutkimuksemme tavoite on valaista, mille arvopohjalle matkailun korkeakoulukoulutus Suomessa rakentuu ja millaisen hengen tämä luo matkailun tuleviin ammattilaisiin. Tuloksissa esitämme kuvan nykytilanteesta, joka kapitalistisen realismin muovaamana keskittyy liiketaloudelliseen kasvumentaliteettiin, eettisyyden ja henkisyyden kustannuksella. Artikkelimme johtopäätöksissä avaamme keskustelun Suomen matkailun korkeakoulutuksen tulevaisuudesta, ja esitämme niin matkailun kouluttajille kuin tutkijoille kysymyksiä siitä, miten matkailun koulutuksen toivotaan kehittyvän.
Russia's Violation of the Principle of Non-Intervention Against Ukraine in the Perspective of International Law
Authors: Permana Deni Yusup
Published: September 2022

Russia's participation in the internal affairs of Ukraine is something that should not be done. Because, it can violate the provisions of the United Nations Charter. Currently the security of countries is something that should be guarded. The behavior of the Russian state in violation of the principle of non-intervention by interfering in the independence of Donetsk and Luhansk which is part of the Ukrainian state. Russia's behavior has disturbed the Ukrainian household, which is actually what is happening in Ukraine is Ukrainian business because Ukraine is the one who knows better about the problems in his country. The purpose of this paper is to find out the violations of the principle of non-intervention that have been carried out by Russia against Ukraine and the responsibility of the Russian state for violations of the principle of non-intervention in the conflicts that occur within the Russian state. This writing uses normative legal methods or legal research which is a document study, such as by using laws and regulations, decisions or decisions from courts, contracts or agreements or contracts, legal theory.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY IN LAW ENFORCEMENT OF THE TRANSNATIONAL DIMENSION OF TRAFFICTING IN PERSONS
Authors: Mahendra Reza , Koto Zulkarnein , Nainggolan Marsudin
Published: September 2022

Trafficking in persons is a modern form of human slavery (Modern Day Slavery) and is one of the worst forms of treatment for violations of human dignity. In this study, the type of research used is normative juridical research with a law approach and a concept approach. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of criminal law regarding corporate criminal liability in the crime of trafficking in persons with a transnational dimension at Unit IV Sub-Directorate III of the Directorate of General Crimes of the Criminal Investigation Unit of the Police is to harmonize the legal arrangements for the criminal act of trafficking in persons charged by the public prosecutor that there are in Article 10 of Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons with the theory put forward by experts related to the elements of criminal liability and the model of corporate criminal liability. The implementation of corporate criminal responsibility in law enforcement of the criminal act of trafficking in persons with an effective transnational dimension is one whose solution prioritizes the concept of restorative justice. The concept of restorative justice is the concept of resolving a particular crime that involves all interested parties to jointly seek a solution and at the same time find a solution in dealing with events after the crime has arisen and how to overcome its implications in the future.
URBAN DISTRIBUTION CENTER LOCATION
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, D Datsenko , O Kunytska ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The article considers the goals of creation and success factors of the UDC, their location problems, presents the algorithm for determining the logistic sustainability index (LSI), which affects the integrated development of logistics of the study area of the UDC. Facilities – urban distribution centers. The purpose of the work is to analyze general information on the goals of creation and success factors of the UDCs, problems in finding their location, as well as consideration of the process of evaluating the logistics sustainability index. Research methods – the method of analysis of hierarchies, the method of weighted sum. LSI is an integrated tool that can quantify the overall efficiency of a logistics system according to different criteria and different points of view. Thus, the LSI can jointly assess one or more areas of impact on the UDC allocation and becomes useful when a comparison between the current situation and a potential scenario is required, or when two potential scenarios need to be compared by impact area (eg energy consumption, pollutant emissions). KEYWORDS:SELECTION OF LOCATION, URBAN DISTRIBUTION CENTER, CITY LOGISTICS, LOGISTICS SUSTAINABILITY INDEX(LSI)
ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF BRAKING OF WHEELED VEHICLES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ONBOARD INEQUALITY OF BRAKING MOMENTS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Demianiuk
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of curvilinear motion and course stability of wheeled vehicles during braking in conditions of onboard uneven braking torques. The object of the study – wheeled vehicle, the braking of which is investigated on dry, wet and slippery roads. 192 The purpose of the work is to develop methods of modeling and analysis of the braking process of the wheeled vehicle in the conditions of onboard inequality of braking moments. Research method – mathematical and computer modeling of a dynamic system. A mathematical model is proposed, which allows to investigate the occurrence of curvilinear motion (skid) of wheeled vehicle during braking and to analyze how the inequality of braking moments on the left and right wheels of wheeled vehicle affects the parameters of its movement. During braking, significant longitudinal and transverse reactions occur in the contact of the wheels with the road, which cause significant slippage of the wheels in the appropriate directions. Therefore, when determining the transverse reaction that occurs in the contact of wheels with the road, preference in the mathematical model is given not to the classical theory of wheel deflection, but to the concept of the common nature and identical patterns of interaction of the wheel with the road in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Within the framework of the mentioned concept, quantitative research has clarified the physical processes that occur when the brake wheel interacts with the road. The article investigates the influence of the onboard inequality of braking moments on the course angle during braking of a wheeled vehicle. Studies have identified the causes of the variable by the sign and the oscillating nature of the change in time of the course angle of the vehicle during braking, which complicates the driver to carry out the driving process. The results obtained in the article actualize before the designers of wheeled vehicles the question of increasing the stability of the characteristics of the brake mechanisms and the widespread use of automatic gap regulators in the friction pairs of brakes. Predictive assumptions about the development of the object of study – the development of databases to clarify the regulatory documents on the allowable values of on-board inequality of braking torques for different categories of wheeled vehicles. KEY WORDS: WHEELED VEHICLES, BRAKING PROCESS, MATHEMATICAL MODEL, COMPUTER SIMULATION, COURSE STABILITY
MIXED LUBRICATION ANALYSIS OF VANE SLIDING SURFACE IN ROTARY COMPRESSOR MECHANISMS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, M Dmytrychenko , I Bogdanov ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Numerical analysis for mixed lubrication has been performed in order to investigate the lubrication characteristics of the sliding surface of the vane in a rotary compressor. The modified Reynolds equation and the elastic contact equation, considering the surface roughness, are solved as a coupled problem. Using this analysis, the lubrication characteristics of the sliding surface of the vane are investigated by parameter survey on the design parameters such as the vane-slot length and the clearance between the vane and vaneslot. It is found that the influences of the vane-slot length on the friction loss were larger than that of the clearance. KEY WORDS: ROTARY COMPRESSOR, VANE, VANE-SLOT, MIXED LUBRICATION, SURFACE ROUGHNESS, FRICTION.
METHODS FOR ASSESSING CONDITIONS FOR CONTINUOUS, SAFE AND CONVENIENT TRAFFIC FLOWS ON ROADS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Lanovoy , I Vyhovska ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The article considers methods for assessing the conditions for continuous, safe and convenient movement of traffic flows by road. The object of research is public roads. The price of ensuring the conditions of continuous, safe and convenient movement of public roads of Ukraine should be based on general patterns of development of society and the country's economy, taking into account the financial and tax policy of the state, the specifics of the road economy, speed, density and intensity of traffic – the main components of road productivity, cost and terms of construction and costs for maintenance and repair. roads, demand for road traffic, other socio-economic indicators, including material losses from road accidents (accidents), as well as the severity of their consequences. The developed methods of assessing the conditions for continuous, safe and convenient traffic on highways establish the priority of planning and implementation of road works aimed at ensuring transport accessibility of different territories of Ukraine, as well as improving safety and improving road convenience 259 through extraordinary, priority and regular improvement of road conditions on those sections of the road network that do not meet the requirements of traffic flows, as well as to provide further development of the road network through the improvement of their transport and operational condition to meet the demand of users for their movement. Improving road conditions both in the most dangerous areas and on highways in general, leads not only to a decrease in the number of accidents and their consequences, but also increases the level of convenience of traffic flows, which is beneficial for the country's economy and society as a whole. KEYWORDS: ROAD TRANSPORT TREAT, TRANSPORT NETWORK, TRAFFIC FLOW
CONDITIONS OF OPERATION, CAUSES AND TYPES OF WEAR OF SHAFTS OF ENGINES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION AND INCREASE OF THEIR WEARABILITY AND LIFE
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, E Posviatenko , M Golovashchuk ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The article considers the direction of energy saving which can be solved during the introduction of surface hardening technologies. Purpose: to create a method of forming wear-resistant coatings by electric arc spraying (EDN) and to establish the impact of its technological modes on the properties of coatings, to improve performance (wear resistance) and service life of motor shafts. Object of research – the process of coating parts such as «shaft» by EDN. The study consisted of the following stages: 1) analysis of the operating conditions of parts such as «shaft» of engines, the establishment of their main defects and ways to eliminate them. Choice of recovery method and its characteristics; 2) study of the properties of the restored surfaces of shafts with coatings: porosity, adhesive and cohesive strength of the coating system-detail, durability, microhardness and wear resistance; 3) optimization of the EDN mode of coatings and development of the technological process of shaft restoration and practical recommendations. Mathematical models have been developed that describe the relationship of technological parameters of the coating process with their properties and the optimal process parameters that provide the necessary properties of coatings have been determined.
IMPROVEMENT THE OPERATING PROPERTIES OF THE MACHINE PARTS BY THE COLD PLASTIC DEFORMATION
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, N Posviatenko , I Rybak ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the direction of improving the operational properties of machine parts by the cold plastic deformation. Purpose – to develop methods of experimental research of regular reliefs, including equipment, tools and material of prototypes; to create a classification of regular reliefs by purpose; to determine the mechanics of deepening of the linear indenter in the metal sample; to develop technological recommendations and research tools. The object of research – regular reliefs on the surface of machine parts. Methods and devices for conducting experiments were selected: hydrogenated presses, linear indentors, optical microscopes, microhardness testers, research materials, instruments and measuring instruments. The materials were alloy and stainless steel, gray and malleable cast iron, bronze and brass, aluminum and titanium alloys. The classification of reliefs by purpose, obtained by cold plastic deformation and cutting, has been developed. The mechanics of deepening of a linear indenter into a metal sample has been developed, which combines the values of the depth of indentation with the geometrical parameters of the indenter, friction coefficient, contact stress and groove depth. Experiments on 8 typical representatives of structural materials confirmed the theoretical principles of the mechanics of deepening. Scientific results allowed to develop and test a sample of the tool on a tubular part made of duralumin D16 (2117). The following process of improvement of operational properties of details of cars is offered: preparation of a surface under indentation; indenter deepening; removal of metal protrusions by cutting. KEYWORDS: REGULAR RELIEF, COLD PLASTIC DEFORMATION, LINEAR INDUCTOR, SURFACE OF PARTS, MECHANICS OF DEEPING
Comparing the Impact of Joe Biden and Donald Trump on Popular Attitudes Toward Their Parties
Authors: Jacobson Gary
Published: September 2022

This paper extends the analysis of how presidents influence popular beliefs and feelings about their parties to include Donald Trump’s full term and the first 20 months of Joe Biden’s presidency. The results from examination of hundreds of surveys confirm that both presidents, like their predecessors, have strongly influenced evaluations of their parties generally and their congressional wings specifically, views of party competence in a policy domain, and their electoral prospects. For the most part, Trump’s impact has been greater than Biden’s, whose influence generally matches that of earlier presidents.
Solar System Wave Packet and its Achievements
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: September 2022

Here, we prove that, probably, the existence of a standing and cosine wave packet in solar system, with the wavelength λ = 0.6 AU and the phase constant ∅=π/6, is the reason for TBL. Moreover, we prove that this huge wave packet belongs to the sun. We will prove that without Solar System Wave Packet (SSWP), it is not possible to reach to the TBL from the protoplanetary disk of solar system. Here we prove that the nebular theory (or nebular hypothesis) without our wave theory is an incomplete theory. In the following of the article, based on the theory of solar system wave packet, we will enter into the atomic field and arrive to a new atomic model that helps us to describe many phenomena such as the normal Zeeman Effect and atomic and molecular bonds.
We Can Cross the Breast Cancer Surgery Gateway With Meleis’ Transitions Theory
Authors: Deveci Bekir , Gürsoy Ayla , Akbay Gökhan
Published: September 2022

The aim of this paper is to study individuals who underwent mastectomy and the process they went through, which might induce major transformations in medical, psychological, social, spiritual and physical dimensions, within the framework of Afaf Ibrahim Meleis’ transitions theory. Meleis’ theory is relevant and important in studying mastectomy for a handful of reasons, such as the fact that individuals undergoing transitions such as mastectomy are more sensitive to risk factors concerning their medical condition as well as their overall wellbeing. Meleis’ theory suggests that one fundamental function of nursing is to support people in managing the transition process. Transition requires one to obtain new information, transform their behavior and redefine oneself in a new social context. Individuals who undergo mastectomy experience a multidimensional transition process involving changes in many medical and social variables, ranging from their bodily unity to gender identity. Examining the woman’s breast surgery process through the lens of “Transition Theory” would make a significant contribution to both the medical-care oriented wholistic approach and individual-centered nursing care approach. Thus, approaching the mastectomy process by transition theory will be helpful in uncovering the social dimensions mostly ignored by the medical-care oriented nursing approaches.
Implementation of a Universal Suicide Risk Screening Tool in the Emergency Department of a Rural Hospital
Authors: Harmston Catherine , Reynolds Mary Anne
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Rural communities are disproportionately burdened by suicide. Isolation, poor economics, a lack of mental health resources, and the use of firearms are major contributing factors to high suicide rates in nonmetropolitan communities. This article will discuss the benefit of implementing the Patient Safety Screener (PSS-3), a universal suicide screening tool, in a rural emergency department as a means to improve identification and suicide care for high-risk individuals.

Methods: Data from electronic health records was analyzed to determine how many emergency room patients completed the PSS-3. These values were compared to the total number of patients evaluated in the emergency department each month in order to determine the total percentage of patients screened.

Findings: There was an average of 37% increase in suicide screening over four months. Implementing universal suicide screening in a rural emergency department led to improved detection of high-risk suicidal individuals in medical settings.

Conclusion: Suicide rates are higher in rural locations than in urban settings. Identifying suicidal patients through suicide screening in an emergency department promotes behavioral health intervention leading to reduced suicide rates.
Gibberellin-regulated proteins: Emergent allergens
Authors: Iizuka T. , Barre A. , Rougé P. , Charpin D. , Scala E. , Baudin B. , Aizawa T. , Sénéchal H. , Poncet P.
Published: September 2022

About 10 years ago, a protein family was shown for the first time to contain allergenic members, gibberellin-regulated protein (GRP). The first reported member was from peach, Pru p 7. One can hypothesize that it was not detected before because its physicochemical characteristics overlap with those of lipid transfer protein (LTP), a well-known allergen, or because the exposure to GRP increased due to an increase in the gibberellin phythormone level in plant food, either exogenous or endogenous. Like LTPs, GRPs are small cationic proteins with disulfide bridges, are resistant to heat and proteolytic cleavage, and are involved in the defense of the plant. Besides peach, GRP allergens have been described in Japanese apricot (Pru m 7), sweet cherry (Pru av 7), orange (Cit s 7), pomegranate (Pun g 7), bell pepper (Cap a 7), strawberry (Fra a GRP), and also in pollen with a restriction to Cupressaceae tree family (Cup s 7, Cry j 7, and Jun a 7). IgE cross-reactivities were described between GRPs, and the reported peach/cypress and citrus/cypress syndromes may therefore be explained because of these GRP cross-reactivities. GRPs are clinically relevant, and severe adverse reactions may sometimes occur in association with cofactors. More than 60% and up to 95% sequence identities are calculated between various allergenic GRPs, and three-dimensional models show a cleft in the molecule and predict at least three epitopic regions. The structure of the protein and its properties and the matrix effect in the original allergenic source should be unraveled to understand why, despite the ubiquity of the protein family in plants, only a few members are able to sensitize patients.
Combined metabolic analyses for the biosynthesis pathway of l-threonine in Escherichia coli
Authors: Yang Qiang , Cai Dongbo , Chen Wenshou , Chen Huiying , Luo Wei
Published: September 2022

Currently, industrial production of l-threonine (Thr) is based on direct fermentation with microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, which has the characteristics of low cost and high productivity. In order to elucidate the key metabolic features of the synthesis pathway of Thr in E. coli to provide clues for metabolic regulation or engineering of the strain, this study was carried out on an l-threonine over-producing strain, in terms of analyses of metabolic flux, enzyme control and metabonomics. Since environmental disturbance and genetic modification are considered to be two important methods of metabolic analysis, addition of phosphate in the media and comparison of strains with different genotypes were selected as the two candidates due to their significant influence in the biosynthesis of Thr. Some important targets including key nodes, enzymes and biomarkers were identified, which may provide target sites for rational design through engineering the Thrproducing strain. Finally, metabolic regulation aimed at one biomarker identified in this study was set as an example, which confirms that combined metabolic analyses may guide to improve the production of threonine in E. coli.
Quantifying the transport of biologics across intestinal barrier models in real-time by fluorescent imaging
Authors: Weller Arjen , Hansen Morten B. , Marie Rodolphe , Hundahl Adam C. , Hempel Casper , Kempen Paul J. , Frandsen Henrik L. , Parhamifar Ladan , Larsen Jannik B. , Andresen Thomas L.
Published: September 2022

Unsuccessful clinical translation of orally delivered biological drugs remains a challenge in pharmaceutical development and has been linked to insufficient mechanistic understanding of intestinal drug transport. Live cell imaging could provide such mechanistic insights by directly tracking drug transport across intestinal barriers at subcellular resolution, however traditional intestinal in vitro models are not compatible with the necessary live cell imaging modalities. Here, we employed a novel microfluidic platform to develop an in vitro intestinal epithelial barrier compatible with advanced widefield- and confocal microscopy. We established a quantitative, multiplexed and high-temporal resolution imaging assay for investigating the cellular uptake and cross-barrier transport of biologics while simultaneously monitoring barrier integrity. As a proof-of-principle, we use the generic model to monitor the transport of co-administrated cell penetrating peptide (TAT) and insulin. We show that while TAT displayed a concentration dependent difference in its transport mechanism and efficiency, insulin displayed cellular internalization, but was restricted from transport across the barrier. This illustrates how such a sophisticated imaging based barrier model can facilitate mechanistic studies of drug transport across intestinal barriers and aid in vivo and clinical translation in drug development.
Enhanced production of iturin A by strengthening fatty acid synthesis modules in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Authors: Gao Lin , She Menglin , Shi Jiao , Cai Dongbo , Wang Dong , Xiong Min , Shen Guoming , Gao Jiaming , Zhang Min , Yang Zhifan , Chen Shouwen
Published: September 2022

Iturin A is a biosurfactant with various applications, and its low synthesis capability limits its production and application development. Fatty acids play a critical role in cellular metabolism and target product syntheses, and the relationship between fatty acid supplies and iturin A synthesis is unclear. In this study, we attempted to increase iturin A production via strengthening fatty acid synthesis pathways in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. First, acetyl-CoA carboxylase AccAD and ACP S-malonyltransferase fabD were overexpressed via promoter replacement, and iturin A yield was increased to 1.36 g/L by 2.78-fold in the resultant strain HZ-ADF1. Then, soluble acyl-ACP thioesterase derived from Escherichia coli showed the best performance for iturin A synthesis, as compared to those derived from B. amyloliquefaciens and Corynebacterium glutamicum, the introduction of which in HZ-ADF1 further led to a 57.35% increase of iturin A yield, reaching 2.14 g/L. Finally, long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase LcfA was overexpressed in HZ-ADFT to attain the final strain HZ-ADFTL2, and iturin A yield reached 2.96 g/L, increasing by 6.59-fold, and the contents of fatty acids were enhanced significantly in HZ-ADFTL2, as compared to the original strain HZ-12. Taken together, our results implied that strengthening fatty acid supplies was an efficient approach for iturin A production, and this research provided a promising strain for industrial production of iturin A.
Worsening glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes during COVID-19
Authors: Bharill Sonum , Lin Tyger , Arking Alexander , Brown Elizabeth A. , West Margaret , Busin Kelly , Magge Sheela N. , Wolf Risa M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected minority and lower socioeconomic populations, who also have higher rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The impact of virtual school, decreased activity level, and worsening food insecurity on pediatric T2D is unknown. The goal of this study was to evaluate weight trends and glycemic control in youth with existing T2D during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A retrospective study of youth <21 years of age diagnosed with T2D prior to March 11, 2020 was conducted at an academic pediatric diabetes center to compare glycemic control, weight, and BMI in the year prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2019-2020) to during COVID-19 (March 2020-2021). Paired t-tests and linear mixed effects models were used to analyze changes during this period.

Results

A total of 63 youth with T2D were included (median age 15.0 (IQR 14-16) years, 59% female, 74.6% black, 14.3% Hispanic, 77.8% with Medicaid insurance). Median duration of diabetes was 0.8 (IQR 0.2-2.0) years. There was no difference in weight or BMI from the pre-COVID-19 period compared to during COVID-19 (Weight: 101.5 v 102.9 kg, p=0.18; BMI: 36.0 v 36.1 kg/m2, p=0.72). Hemoglobin A1c significantly increased during COVID-19 (7.6% vs 8.6%, p=0.0002)

Conclusion

While hemoglobin A1c increased significantly in youth with T2D during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no significant change in weight or BMI possibly due to glucosuria associated with hyperglycemia. Youth with T2D are at high risk for diabetes complications, and the worsening glycemic control in this population highlights the need to prioritize close follow-up and disease management to prevent further metabolic decompensation.
METTL16 predicts a favorable outcome and primes antitumor immunity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lu Liting , Zheng Dandan , Qu Junchi , Zhuang Yanyan , Peng Juanfei , Lan Sihua , Zhang Shineng , Huang Fengting
Published: September 2022

Pancreatic carcinogenesis is a complicated and multi-step process. It is substantially assisted by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, especially when mutations of driver genes (KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4) occur. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. In this research, we identified m6A regulators as potential biomarkers when mutations of driver genes occur, and investigated the role of these m6A candidates in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). We first estimated the abnormal expression patterns of potential m6A regulators when all the driver genes are mutated, using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. METTL16, an m6A“writer,” was chosen as a unique candidate of PDA, owing to its markedly differential expression under mutations of all driver genes (KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4) and its favorable prognostic value. Moreover, METTL16 was under-expressed in PDA tissues and cell lines. Consistently, gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that it had a tumor suppressor role in vitro and in vivo. Further, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that METTL16 may have an effect on the tumor microenvironment. Notably, a markedly positive association between METTL16 expression and infiltration of B cells and CD8+ T cells was observed according to the CIBERSORT and TIMER databases. Enhanced expression of immune checkpoints and cytokines was elicited in patients with over-expression of METTL16. Notably, decreased expression of PD-L1 was observed when upregulation of METTL16 expression occurred in MIA PaCa-2 cells, while increased expression of PD-L1 existed when downregulation of METTL16 happened in HPAF-II cells. Collectively, these findings highlight the prognostic value of METTL16, and indicate that it is a potential immunotherapy target that could be used to regulate the tumor microenvironment and promote antitumor immunity in PDA.
Transcriptional regulation of INK4/ARF locus by cis and trans mechanisms
Authors: Farooq Umer , Notani Dimple
Published: September 2022

9p21 locus is one of the most reproducible regions in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The region harbors CDKN2A/B genes that code for p16INK4a, p15INK4b, and p14ARF proteins, and it also harbors a long gene desert adjacent to these genes. The polymorphisms that are associated with several diseases and cancers are present in these genes and the gene desert region. These proteins are critical cell cycle regulators whose transcriptional dysregulation is strongly linked with cellular regeneration, stemness, aging, and cancers. Given the importance of this locus, intense scientific efforts on understanding the regulation of these genes via promoter-driven mechanisms and recently, via the distal regulatory mechanism have provided major insights. In this review, we describe these mechanisms and propose the ways by which this locus can be targeted in pathologies and aging.
Drosophila exercise, an emerging model bridging the fields of exercise and aging in human
Authors: Ding Meng , Li Hongyu , Zheng Lan
Published: September 2022

Exercise is one of the most effective treatments for the diseases of aging. In recent years, a growing number of researchers have used Drosophila melanogaster to study the broad benefits of regular exercise in aging individuals. With the widespread use of Drosophila exercise models and the upgrading of the Drosophila exercise apparatus, we should carefully examine the differential contribution of regular exercise in the aging process to facilitate more detailed quantitative measurements and assessment of the exercise phenotype. In this paper, we review some of the resources available for Drosophila exercise models. The focus is on the impact of regular exercise or exercise adaptation in the aging process in Drosophila and highlights the great potential and current challenges faced by this model in the field of anti-aging research.
Bioinformatic profiling identifies the glutaminase to be a potential novel cuproptosis-related biomarker for glioma
Authors: Ouyang Zhen , Zhang Hanyi , Lin Wenrui , Su Juan , Wang Xianggui
Published: September 2022

Glioma is the most common tumour of the central nervous system, with a poor prognosis and an increasing trend of incidence in recent years; it is also beginning to affect younger age groups more. Added to this, cuproptosis is a new form of cell death. Indeed, when a certain amount of copper accumulates in a cell, it affects specific mitochondrial metabolic enzymes in that cell and leads to cell death–a phenomenon known as cuproptosis. In this study, we applied bioinformatics analysis, and, according to the results of the study analysis and Gene Ontology (GO), as well as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes KyotoEncyclopediaofGenesandGenomes, the glutaminase (GLS) genes affect the prognosis and tumour mutation of glioma patients through cuproptosis. Interestingly, however, GLS is not involved in the immune escape of glioma. Glutaminase genes are a class of glucose metabolism-related genes that are involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle of cells. At the same time, the expression of the glutaminase gene was positively correlated with the degree of immune cell infiltration and the expression of various immune cell markers, and thus affected the prognosis of glioma patients. Therefore, we believe that the cuproptosis-related glutaminase gene can be an important factor in determining the prognosis of glioma patients.
Nanocarbon-based catalysts for selective nitroaromatic hydrogenation: A mini review
Authors: Yao Jiarong , Wang Li , Xie Dong , Jiang Linxuan , Li Jiantong , Fang Xiaomin
Published: September 2022

Selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics to the corresponding anilines is a key topic for research in fine chemical industrial fields. Nanocarbon materials with good chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and good mechanical performance have been regarded as promising candidates in the catalytic field, and have shown a wide range of applications in recent years. Controllable synthesis on the structure, morphology, and active sites of nanocarbon-based catalysts is vital to the development of highly efficient catalysts. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent progresses of nanocarbon materials by focusing on the synthesis approaches and their corresponding nanostructures, including carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, porous carbon, carbon spheres, and metal organic framework-derived carbon materials. The design and catalytic performance of these nanocarbon materials have been systematically discussed. Finally, the emerging challenges and future prospective for developing advanced nanocarbon-based catalysts are outlined.
Synthesis of C7/C8-cyclitols and C7N-aminocyclitols from maltose and X-ray crystal structure of Streptomyces coelicolor GlgEI V279S in a complex with an amylostatin GXG–like derivative
Authors: Thanvi Radhika , Jayasinghe Thilina D. , Kapil Sunayana , Obadawo Babatunde Samuel , Ronning Donald R. , Sucheck Steven J.
Published: September 2022

C7/C8-cyclitols and C7N-aminocyclitols find applications in the pharmaceutical sector as α-glucosidase inhibitors and in the agricultural sector as fungicides and insecticides. In this study, we identified C7/C8-cyclitols and C7N-aminocyclitols as potential inhibitors of Streptomyces coelicolor (Sco) GlgEI-V279S based on the docking scores. The protein and the ligand (targets 11, 12, and 13) were prepared, the states were generated at pH 7.0 ± 2.0, and the ligands were docked into the active sites of the receptor via Glide™. The synthetic route to these targets was similar to our previously reported route used to obtain 4-⍺-glucoside of valienamine (AGV), except the protecting group for target 12 was a p-bromobenzyl (PBB) ether to preserve the alkene upon deprotection. While compounds 11–13 did not inhibit Sco GlgEI-V279S at the concentrations evaluated, an X-ray crystal structure of the Sco GlgE1-V279S/13 complex was solved to a resolution of 2.73 Å. This structure allowed assessment differences and commonality with our previously reported inhibitors and was useful for identifying enzyme–compound interactions that may be important for future inhibitor development. The Asp 394 nucleophile formed a bidentate hydrogen bond interaction with the exocyclic oxygen atoms (C(3)-OH and C(7)-OH) similar to the observed interactions with the Sco GlgEI-V279S in a complex with AGV (PDB:7MGY). In addition, the data suggest replacing the cyclohexyl group with more isosteric and hydrogen bond–donating groups to increase binding interactions in the + 1 binding site.
Benchmarking coarse-grained models of organic semiconductors via deep backmapping
Authors: Stieffenhofer Marc , Scherer Christoph , May Falk , Bereau Tristan , Andrienko Denis
Published: September 2022

The potential of mean force is an effective coarse-grained potential, which is often approximated by pairwise potentials. While the approximated potential reproduces certain distributions of the reference all-atom model with remarkable accuracy, important cross-correlations are typically not captured. In general, the quality of coarse-grained models is evaluated at the coarse-grained resolution, hindering the detection of important discrepancies between the all-atom and coarse-grained ensembles. In this work, the quality of different coarse-grained models is assessed at the atomistic resolution deploying reverse-mapping strategies. In particular, coarse-grained structures for Tris-Meta-Biphenyl-Triazine are reverse-mapped from two different sources: 1) All-atom configurations projected onto the coarse-grained resolution and 2) snapshots obtained by molecular dynamics simulations based on the coarse-grained force fields. To assess the quality of the coarse-grained models, reverse-mapped structures of both sources are compared revealing significant discrepancies between the all-atom and the coarse-grained ensembles. Specifically, the reintroduced details enable force computations based on the all-atom force field that yield a clear ranking for the quality of the different coarse-grained models.
Exploring the nature of interaction between shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and free-living amoeba - Acanthamoeba sp
Authors: Montalbano Di Filippo Margherita , Boni Arianna , Chiani Paola , Marra Manuela , Carollo Maria , Cristofari Lucrezia , Minelli Fabio , Knijn Arnold , Morabito Stefano
Published: September 2022

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are widely distributed protozoa in nature, known to cause severe eye infections and central nervous system disorders. There is growing attention to the potential role that these protozoa could act as reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria and, consequently, to the possibility that, the persistence and spread of the latter may be facilitated, by exploiting internalization into amoebae. Shiga toxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic agents capable of causing serious diseases, such as hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Cattle represent the main natural reservoir of STEC, which are frequently found also in other domestic and wild ruminants, often without causing any evident symptoms of disease. The aspects related to the ecology of STEC strains in animal reservoirs and the environment are poorly known, including the persistence of these microorganisms within niches unfavorable to survival, such as soils or waters. In this study we investigated the interaction between STEC strains of serotype O157: H7 with different virulence gene profiles, and a genus of a wild free-living amoeba, Acanthamoeba sp. Our results confirm the ability of STEC strains to survive up to 20 days within a wild Acanthamoeba sp., in a quiescent state persisting in a non-cultivable form, until they reactivate following some stimulus of an unknown nature. Furthermore, our findings show that during their internalization, the E. coli O157 kept the set of the main virulence genes intact, preserving their pathogenetic potential. These observations suggest that the internalization in free-living amoebae may represent a means for STEC to resist in environments with non-permissive growth conditions. Moreover, by staying within the protozoa, STEC could escape their detection in the vehicles of infections and resist to the treatments used for the disinfection of the livestock environment.
Bile reflux alters the profile of the gastric mucosa microbiota
Authors: Huang Gang , Wang Sui , Wang Juexin , Tian Lin , Yu Yanbo , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yanqing
Published: September 2022

Background

Bile reflux can cause inflammation, gastric mucosa atrophy, and diseases such as stomach cancer. Alkaline bile flowing back into the stomach affects the intragastric environment and can alter the gastric bacterial community. We sought to identify the characteristics of the stomach mucosal microbiota in patients with bile reflux.

Methods

Gastric mucosal samples were collected from 52 and 40 chronic gastritis patients with and without bile reflux, respectively. The bacterial profile was determined using 16S rRNA gene analysis.

Results

In the absence of H. pylori infection, the richness (based on the Sobs and Chao1 indices; P <0.05) and diversity (based on Shannon indices; P <0.05) of gastric mucosa microbiota were higher in patients with bile reflux patients than in those without. There was a marked difference in the microbiota structure between patients with and without bile reflux (ANOSIM, R=0.058, P=0.011). While the genera, Comamonas, Halomonas, Bradymonas, Pseudomonas, Marinobacter, Arthrobacter, and Shewanella were enriched in patients with bile reflux, the genera, Haemophilus, Porphyromonas, and Subdoligranulum, were enriched in those without bile reflux.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that bile reflux significantly alters the composition of the gastric microbiota.
Gut and oral microbiota associations with viral mitigation behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Li Kelvin , Methé Barbara A. , Fitch Adam , Gentry Heather , Kessinger Cathy , Patel Asha , Petraglia Vickie , Swamy Pruthvi , Morris Alison
Published: September 2022

Imposition of social and health behavior mitigations are important control measures in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although postulated that these measures may impact the human microbiota including losses in diversity from heightened hygiene and social distancing measures, this hypothesis remains to be tested. Other impacts on the microbiota and host mental and physical health status associations from these measures are also not well-studied. Here we examine changes in stool and oral microbiota by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequence taxonomic profiles from the same individuals during pre-pandemic (before March 2020) and early pandemic (May-November 2020) phases. During the early pandemic phase, individuals were also surveyed using questionnaires to report health histories, anxiety, depression, sleep and other lifestyle behaviors in a cohort of predominantly Caucasian adults (mean age = 61.5 years) with the majority reporting at least one underlying co-morbidity. We identified changes in microbiota (stool n = 288; oral n = 89) between pre-pandemic and early pandemic time points from the same subject and associated these differences with questionnaire responses using linear statistical models and hierarchical clustering of microbiota composition coupled to logistic regression. While a trend in loss of diversity was identified between pre-pandemic and early pandemic time points it was not statistically significant. Paired difference analyses between individuals identified fewer significant changes between pre-pandemic and early pandemic microbiota in those who reported fewer comorbidities. Cluster transition analyses of stool and saliva microbiota determined most individuals remained in the same cluster assignments from the pre-pandemic to early pandemic period. Individuals with microbiota that shifted in composition, causing them to depart a pre-pandemic cluster, reported more health issues and pandemic-associated worries. Collectively, our study identified that stool and saliva microbiota from the pre-pandemic to early pandemic periods largely exhibited ecological stability (especially stool microbiota) with most associations in loss of diversity or changes in composition related to more reported health issues and pandemic-associated worries. Longitudinal observational cohorts are necessary to monitor the microbiome in response to pandemics and changes in public health measures.