bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature and moisture on soil pathogen Fusarium solani of lemon in Adjara, Georgia
Authors: SHAINIDZE OTARI , BERIDZE NODAR , LAMPARADZE SHOTA , LOMINADZE SHOTA , EBRALIDZE LELA , TURMANIDZE MAMUKA , MAKHARADZE GIORGI , JINCHARADZE GIORGI , DATUNASHVILI GIGA
Published: December 2024

The research was conducted in the 2022 and 2023 seasons in the agrometerology and plant protection laboratory and citrus greenhouse of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, the aim of which was  groupe and unit role of temperature and soil moisture (SM) content on aggressive soil pathogen F. solani on lemon, also effects of pathogen density and soil moisture on belowground and aboveground morphological traits.     In our study, we could find that the both temperature and soil moisture played a decisive role in influencing the  root rot disease scenario. As per the disease susceptibility index (DSI), a combination of high temperature (35°C) and low SM (60%) was found to elicit the highest disease susceptibility in lemon. High pathogen colonization was realized in lemon root tissue at all time-points irrespective of genotype, temperature, and SM. Interestingly, this was in contrast to the DSI where no visible symptoms were recorded in the roots or foliage during the initial time-points. For each time-point, the colonization was slightly higher at 35°C than 25°C, while the same did not vary significantly with respect to SM. Shoot biomass was not affected by either pathogen density or soil moisture.  However, the two experimental factors have additive effects on the severity of leaf    damage. Leaf damage increased with the density of F. solani  in the soil,  being   significantly higher at 60 CFU/g and 120 CFU/g than in control seedlings. Leaf damage was higher at the two extreme soil moisture levels (15% and 100%   WHC) than at the two intermediate levels (40% and 50%). In addition, differential expression studies revealed the involvement of defense-related genes, such as endochitinase and chitinase, in the resistant lemon cultivar Meyer, which contribute to retarding root rot disease progression in lemon. In the early stages of infection, especially with low SM. That can be beneficial for farmers and researchers who involve in Citrus
Effect of changes in climatic variables on poultry egg production in Nigeria
Authors: OTUISI L.B.E. , OYITA G. E. , IKENGA V. U.
Published: December 2024

This study examined the effect of changes in climatic variables on poultry egg production in Nigeria using past data from 1963 to 2022. The study employed multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics to meet its objectives. The study found a marginal increase in the trends of relative humidity, rainfall, temperature, and poultry egg production over the years. The regression analysis showed that the R2 value indicated that 72% of the variation in poultry egg production could be explained by changes in relative humidity, rainfall, and temperature. Specifically, relative humidity (-2.91; p < 5%) and temperature (-27.9; p < 1%) had significant negative effects on egg production, while rainfall (1.31; p < 1%) had a significant positive effect. The study recommended that poultry farmers should adopt temperature management strategies, especially during periods of extreme heat, to reduce the adverse impact of high temperatures on egg production.
Climate-smart agriculture in India: Greenhouse gas mitigation strategies
Authors: MURUGESAN RENGARAJAN
Published: December 2024

This review paper examines Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) as a crucial approach to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from India's agriculture sector. It analyzes various CSA practices implemented in India, focusing on their effectiveness in reducing emissions while enhancing food security and farmer livelihoods. The paper explores crop management techniques like improved varieties, nutrient management, and water management, alongside soil management practices such as conservation agriculture and agroforestry. Additionally, it delves into livestock management strategies, including improved feeding practices and manure management. The review highlights the role of government policies and programs in promoting CSA adoption, such as the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture and the Parampara at Krishi Vikas Yojana. Challenges hindering wider CSA adoption, including financial constraints, lack of awareness, and data gaps, are discussed. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need to address these challenges and leverage opportunities like strengthening extension services, promoting farmer-to-farmer learning, and utilizing technology to unlock the full potential of CSA in India.
The Level of Applicability of the Law of the Military Occupation in the Context of Peacekeeping Operations: Theoretical-Practical Approaches
Authors: Gamurari Vitalie , Badir Kordee
Published: December 2024

Peacekeeping operations, an institution created with the creation of the UN, does not have, nor could it have, its own normative framework that would establish the legal regime of the territories where these operations are carried out. However, the peacekeeping forces sanctioned by the resolutions of the UN Security Council cannot replace the local authorities that operate based on the principle of sovereignty, however, they are obliged to exercise certain of their functions, especially in the context of the obligations to ensure public order and the security of the civilian population. Under these conditions, the solution of the applicability by analogy of the provisions governing the regime of military occupation appears as a real one, with the obvious consideration of the specifics of peacekeeping operations, thus also establishing certain limits of some applications by analogy of the right of occupation.
Impacts of the Evolution of Physical Climate Risks on European Business Activities: the case of construction sector
Authors: COURQUIN VALENTIN
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, the constant increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, attributed to climate change, is exerting growing pressure on companies across various sectors. These businesses are becoming increasingly vulnerable to diverse physical climate risks.
Changes in regulatory frameworks regarding the identification, management, and communication of climate risks are further encouraging companies to adopt a proactive approach in assessing these risks. This study, employing an innovative methodology, demonstrates how risk management professionals can leverage currently available climate data to identify climate risks that have the most impact on their performance indicators. We illustrate this methodology by applying it to the construction production sector in France.
SMART CITIES: LA PARADOJA DE LA “INTELIGENCIA” Y EXCLUSIÓN SOCIAL
Authors: Ebuka Ines Irache Gallana , Leite Mariana Beatriz Soares , Milani Flávia Perez , Pereira Douglas Leonardo , Oliveira Antonio Gonçalves de
Published: December 2024

Las ciudades inteligentes, en teoría, son espacios urbanos planificados y construidos para ofrecer bienes, servicios y soluciones a los ciudadanos dentro de su territorio, proporcionando mejores condiciones de vida en los ámbitos social, socioeconómico, cultural y ambiental. Sin embargo, poco se discute sobre los abismos sociales que excluyen a una parte significativa de la población, relegándola a los márgenes de la sociedad, muchas veces en condiciones de vulnerabilidad. La exclusión implica quedar fuera de un grupo, sector o territorio, sin poder beneficiarse de un sistema o espacio social, político, cultural o económico. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar leyes y/o proyectos en discusión en las capitales brasileñas que aborden la cuestión de la arquitectura hostil, ya sea prohibiendo o permitiendo su implementación, lo cual fomenta la exclusión de aquellas personas que, en situación de vulnerabilidad, encuentran en los espacios urbanos un refugio para su seguridad y un mínimo de comodidad frente a las adversidades de los grandes centros y los fenómenos naturales. La metodología adoptada se basa en una investigación exploratoria, utilizando técnicas bibliográficas y documentales fundamentadas en libros, artículos científicos, tesis y disertaciones sobre el tema, así como en portales oficiales públicos locales. El análisis de los resultados se realiza a partir de fragmentos seleccionados y examinados. Entre los hallazgos se destaca una significativa ausencia de regulación o discusión sobre el tema de la arquitectura hostil en las normativas y proyectos de ley. Además, se identifica una evidente falta de sensibilidad hacia las necesidades de los ciudadanos en situación de vulnerabilidad.
JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA NA EXECUÇÃO PENAL: CAMINHOS PARA A HUMANIZAÇÃO DO SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Pereira Yuri dos Santos , Santos Breno Xavier , Santos Daniela da Silva
Published: December 2024

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a aplicabilidade da Justiça Restaurativa no contexto da execução penal no Brasil, com foco em sua capacidade de reduzir a reincidência criminal e promover a reintegração social dos apenados. O estudo parte de uma análise crítica da estrutura punitiva do sistema prisional brasileiro, evidenciando as suas raízes históricas e repressivas que perpetuam desigualdades sociais, especialmente em relação à população carcerária composta majoritariamente por jovens negros e pobres. A Justiça Restaurativa é apresentada como uma alternativa ao modelo punitivo tradicional, priorizando a reparação do dano, o diálogo e a reconstrução das relações sociais rompidas, em vez de focar exclusivamente na punição. A pesquisa compara práticas restaurativas internacionais, como as observadas no Canadá e na Nova Zelândia, com iniciativas brasileiras, destacando a necessidade de políticas públicas que promovam a formação de facilitadores e a expansão dos programas existentes. Conclui-se que, embora a Justiça Restaurativa seja ainda incipiente no Brasil, ela tem potencial para contribuir significativamente para a humanização do sistema penal, desde que sejam superados os desafios estruturais e culturais que ainda limitam sua implementação. A pesquisa reforça a necessidade de uma mudança de paradigma no sistema de justiça, com ênfase em práticas que promovam a reintegração e a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e inclusiva.
A DESIGUALDADE DAS PEQUENAS PROPRIEDADES RURAIS FRENTE AOS GRANDES PRODUTORES NO BRASIL
Authors: Braga Diogo Costa , Oliveira Gabriel Lopes
Published: December 2024

As desigualdades históricas surgem e criam o contexto social e econômico de irregularidades que, por vezes, é apoiado pela lei. Esta verdade manteve as grandes propriedades nas mãos de quem tinha poder financeiro. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar a aplicação do princípio da igualdade, de acordo com o disposto na Lei Florestal. Este trabalho foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Para ajudar a compreender seu conteúdo foi necessário estudar a Constituição Federal, pois ela contém leis e documentos que descrevem, com precisão, os temas relacionados à agricultura. Historicamente, as políticas de imigração reforçaram a formação de grupos desfavorecidos. A relação que resultou desta rejeição provocou uma grande diferença entre as condições neste domínio e criou uma grande disparidade, o que fez com que as normas não fossem aplicadas uniformemente, o que violava o princípio da igualdade na sua utilização material. Devido a essa diferença, as leis brasileiras, especialmente a Lei Florestal – Lei nº. 12.651/12, procurou fazer a diferença para esses pequenos produtores e procurou comparar a situação que eles estavam vivenciando. Desta forma, os pequenos agricultores podem utilizar a terra e utilizar muitos recursos e diversificar as actividades para alimentação e comércio.
Nonverbal Cues in Teaching Foreign Language for Vietnamese Higher Education Learners
Authors: Dinh Thao Thuy Duong , Ha Yen Nhi
Published: December 2024

This research focuses on how nonverbal signals affect engagement in university English classrooms in Vietnam. The major obstacles that Vietnamese colleges still need to overcome include large class sizes with plenty of students with different English proficiency levels, inadequate teacher preparation, and outdated teaching methods that lower students' engagement. Qualitative data was gathered via document analysis, student interviews, and classroom observations of two classes comprising 40 non-English major students who come from different regions of Vietnam and their instructors at the Foreign Language Center of Nong Lam University. The results indicate that nonverbal cues significantly improve student comprehension and involvement, fostering a more inclusive and dynamic educational atmosphere. Enhancing non-verbal communication provides Vietnamese instructors with an efficient means to impart English and intercultural communication knowledge. This work adds to the domain of foreign language instruction, specifically the English language, and underscores the significance of non-verbal communication in improving pedagogical approaches.
Seguridad interna y contrainsurgencias en Colombia, Perú y El Salvador
Authors: Torres Preciado Javier Fernando
Published: December 2024

¿Por qué en contextos similares de guerra civil la respuesta contrainsurgente a la presencia guerrillera generó diferentes grupos contrainsurgentes? El objetivo es explicar cómo la combinación tipo de régimen político y sector social rural, arrojó diferentes tipos de grupos contrainsurgentes. La metodología usada es la de los casos más similares, para probar la relación entre variables y el mecanismo causal, se recogieron datos y evidencia de literatura secundaria, bases de datos y trabajo de campo, datos verificados mediante el método de triangulación. Se concluye que las configuraciones políticas y sociales forjaron ciertos tipos de regímenes políticos y el fortalecimiento o desaparición de determinados sectores sociales rurales, que cuando escaló la guerra civil, encararon el desafío revolucionario de forma diferente.
Diplomacia digital china al inicio de la guerra en Ucrania
Authors: Benedicto Solsona Miguel Angel
Published: December 2024

El gobierno chino utiliza la diplomacia pública para promocionar su modelo político-económico en el exterior. Pese a que determinadas las redes sociales están prohibidas en el gigante asiático, sus funcionarios utilizan instrumentos de diplomacia digital para proyectar su discurso en el exterior. El uso de la diplomacia del guerrero lobo promueve una imagen positiva de los logros de China y critica a los países occidentales mediante el uso de técnicas de desinformación a través de las redes sociales. La asertividad china en política exterior es cada vez mayor y coordinada desde la cúpula del partido Comunista. Se analiza el uso de la diplomacia digital de China durante las primeras semanas de la invasión rusa de Ucrania, a través de las cuentas en twitter del ministerio de Exteriores y de su portavoz, para ver cómo se posiciona al inicio del conflicto. Se concluye que China ha intentado dar una imagen de neutralidad, aunque con un sesgo prorruso frente a Occidente, pero no contra Ucrania.
Investment Decision Behavior of Indian Retail Investors with Respect to IPOs
Authors:   Department of Management Studies, Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology,  Management & Gramothan (SKIT), Jaipur (Rajasthan),, Verma Dr. Ajay , Yadav Dr. Sudhir ,   Department of Management Studies, Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology,  Management & Gramothan (SKIT), Jaipur (Rajasthan),
Published: December 2024

Retail investors consider time horizon, liquidity, risk, and return while making investing decisions in IPOs in

order to achieve their financial goals. But limited financial literacy, information overload, emotional decision-
making, lack of diversification, high transaction costs, and regulatory complexity are some of the difficulties

Indian ordinary investors face while investing in IPO. Examining the variables influencing Indian retail investors'
investment choices and decision-making procedures in IPOs is the primary purpose of this research. The
researcher collected data from primary sources. The data was collected from 92 investors using a random sample
method. The stated hypotheses were assessed at the 0.05 level of significance using the ANOVA test. Various
aspects of IPOs, such as brand, profitability, financial standing, product offerings, size, industry track record,
price bands, promoter track record, and risks, play an important role in forming investor perceptions on the basis
of occupation. The result also states that there are significant differences in means of various groups of
respondents on the basis of annual savings observed for the brand and reputation of the IPO-issuing company,
while for other factors, there are no significant differences in means.
Key Words: Investment Decision, Initial Public Offerings, Indian Retail Investors, Investment behaviour
The Future of Human Resources: How Technology is Shaping Workforce Management
Authors: Lokesh Mr , Kaleeswaran Mr. , Vasigaran Mr. , Rufus Mr. Dany
Published: December 2024

In today's corporate world, technology is fundamentally altering HR departments. These technologies, such as
artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), automation, and advanced data analytics, expand HR's
capabilities from hiring and personnel management to performance reviews and employee engagement. This
study investigates the ways in which these technologies affect personnel management and the strategic expansion
of businesses. By using real-world examples and then analyzing the difficulties based on a survey of the literature,
this research has brought attention to the strategic importance of implementing HR digitalization. However,
despite the obstacles emerging from those paths - privacy issues, inadequacies in skill, and opposition to changes
- the long-term efficiency achieved through decisionmaking and employee experience pushes the adoption of HR
technology as an essential aspect of organizations.

KEY WORDS: HR Technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Workforce Management,Machine Learning (ML),
Data Analytics, Employee Engagement, Automation
Data Visualization: From Raw Data to Actionable Insight
Authors: Saraswathi Dr.M , Kasyap S.Hruthik
Published: December 2024

Information age data is the backbone of industry
decision-making. Raw data, however, lacks
accessibility without effective visualization
techniques to make it accessible and actionable. Data
visualization takes complicated data sets and converts
them into intuitive, visual formats, and using this,
businesses can discover trends, correlations, and
insights that guide informed decisions. This paper
explores the process from raw data to actionable
insights through data visualization, in terms of
significance, core techniques, tools, and applications
across multiple sectors. It further mentions best
practices and challenges to ensure that the visual
representation is accurate and meaningful.
A Study on Impact of Implementation of GST among Selected Retailers of Chhattisgarh
Authors:   Management student, Amity Business School, Amity University, Chandrawanshi Khushi , Santosh Dr. Indu ,   Associate Professor, Amity Business School, Amity University Chhattisgarh
Published: December 2024

An important change to the indirect tax system was made in 2017 when India introduced the Goods and Services Tax
(GST). This study examines the advantages and disadvantages of implementing the GST as it relates to retailers. The
study looks at changes in tax burden, compliance practices, and operational efficiency through a survey of retailers
and secondary data analysis. The results show that the GST has simplified the tax code, lessened cascading effects,
and made interstate transactions simpler. But there are drawbacks as well, like the difficulty of initial compliance,
the expense of adopting new technology, and possible disruptions for smaller retailers. The study comes to the
conclusion that the effects of GST on retailers are complex, presenting both immediate challenges and long-term
advantages.
Keywords: GST
Investment Strategies for Risk-Averse Individuals
Authors:   Amity Business School, Amity University Chhattisgarh, Krishna Ananya , Dave Dr. Sumita ,   Amity Business School, Amity University Chhattisgarh
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore investment strategies tailored for risk-averse individuals, who prioritize capital
preservation over potential gains. Investing is vital for achieving financial independence and countering inflation,
with a strong portfolio often emphasized by thought leaders like Warren Buffett. While high-risk investments can
yield significant returns, low-risk options are essential for financial stability, especially for those averse to risk. The

paper delves into risk aversion, highlighting a preference for security. Risk-averse investors typically opt for low-
risk investments such as savings accounts, fixed deposits, municipal bonds, and gold, which provide steady returns

but limited growth potential. Strategies like diversification and income investing are recommended to achieve a
balance between stability and returns in conservative portfolios. The benefits of risk aversion include lower
financial loss and stable income, but drawbacks may include reduced long-term returns and eroded purchasing
power due to inflation. Factors influencing risk tolerance, such as age and income level, are also discussed. This
study will evaluate various risk-averse investment techniques, including fixed-income investments, diversification,
index funds, and conservative mutual funds. It will analyze their historical performance and adaptability to changing
market conditions, aiming to empower risk-averse investors to make informed decisions that align with their
financial goals.
Keywords: ETFs, risk aversion, capital preservation
Adaptieren oder Transferieren? Kulturelle Unterschiede von Werbungen und kulturelle Barrieren bei der Übertragung von Werbesprüchen
Authors: Seymen Aylin
Published: December 2024

Werbung hat immer ihre Bedeutung für Produzenten und Konsumenten behalten, auch wenn sie im Laufe der Geschichte unterschiedliche Ausprägungen aufweist. Internationale Werbung hat bei der Entwicklung von Technologie und Marktbedingungen an Bedeutung gewonnen. In der internationalen Werbung gibt es unterschiedliche Sprachen und Kulturen. Aus diesem Grund spielt die Übersetzung von Werbetexten als Mittler zwischen Sprachen und Kulturen eine wichtige Rolle. Welche Übersetzungsmethode von den jeweiligen Firmen bevorzugt wird, kann sich von Werbespruch zu Werbespruch unterscheiden. Bei der Auswahl dieser Methoden sollte man zunächst bedenken, ob die Ausgangskultur oder eher die Zielkultur berücksichtigt werden sollte. Bei der Übertragung von Werbung wird es einem in der Ausgangssprache verfassten Werbetext ermöglicht, den Zweck und die Funktionen der Werbung auf dem internationalen Markt zu erreichen. In diesem Zusammenhang lassen sich die Ziele dieser Studie wie folgt auflisten: Darstellung der Werbestrategien in deutschsprachigen Werbetexten anhand ausgewählter Beispiele; um anzuzeigen, welche Übersetzungsverfahren bei der türkischen Übersetzung dieser Anzeigen verwendet werden sollten; Ziel ist es, die in der Türkei praktizierte Werbestrategie anschaulich aufzuzeigen, indem untersucht wird, inwieweit sich Werbestrategien mit Übersetzungsprozessen und den von Übersetzern verfolgten Übersetzungsprozessen überschneiden. Dazu wurden 3 zufällig ausgewählte Werbungen aus 3 verschiedenen Branchen und 3 verschiedenen Marken aus der deutschen Ausgangssprache, Lebensmittel, Automobil, Haushaltswaren- und Möbelindustrie und deren Übersetzungen ins Türkische mit einem deskriptiven Ansatz auf Basis von Übersetzungsstudien im Kontext hinsichtlich der Skopos-Theorie untersucht und es wurde festgestellt, dass die Übersetzer sowohl die Adaption als auch das Transferieren für die Wiedergabe der Werbungen bevorzugen.
A költségvetést sértő visszaélésszerű megtartások büntetőjogi megítélése és problematikája, figyelemmel az adóigazgatási eljárások esetleges párhuzamos lefolytatására – különösen az általános forgalmi adó esetében
Authors: Juhász Orsolya
Published: December 2024

Az adójogi és a büntetőjogi szabályozás több ponton kapcsolódik egymással,
ami felveti azt a kérdést, hogy az esetlegesen párhuzamosnak tűnő szabályozás
miképpen legitimálható, az mennyiben fér össze a nemzetközi jogi szabályozási és joggyakorlati tendenciákkal, a büntetőjogot átható alapelvekkel. E
területen jelentőségét tekintve az általános forgalmi adó vizsgálata indokolt,
elvégre ezen adónem nem csak a teljes gazdaságot, hanem a társadalom
valamennyi rétegét közvetlenül érinti, így a szabályozás, annak adójogi és
büntetőjogi megítélése alapvető fontoságú.
A közokirat-hamisítás dogmatikája és ítélkezési gyakorlata
Authors: Bérces Viktor
Published: December 2024

Az utóbbi évtizedek hazai jogirodalmában és ítélkezési gyakorlatában vitatott
kérdésként merült fel a közokirat-hamisítás elkövetési magatartásainak, a
közokirat fogalmának, valamint e bűncselekmény körében felmerülő halmazati kérdéseknek az értelmezése. Nem véletlen, hogy a Kúria számos jogeset
kapcsán érintette e szempontokat. E tanulmány elsősorban a szóban forgó
dogmatikai kérdések tisztázására, valamint a legfőbb bírói fórum ítélkezési
gyakorlatának elemzésére fókuszál, amelynek során a szerző célja a legújabb
eseti döntések, illetőleg a témában gyakran hivatkozott szerzők álláspontjainak ismertetése és elemzése.
Classification of Pneumonia, Tuberculosis and Covid-19 from Chest X-Ray Images Using Convolution Neural Network Model
Authors: J Kiche , Mwaniki Ivivi , Orowe Idah , Weke Patrick
Published: December 2024

Accurate and timely diagnosis of respiratory ailments like pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), and COVID-19 is pivotal for effective patient care and public health interventions. Deep learning algorithms have emerged as potent tools in medical image classification, offering promise for automated diagnosis and screening. This study presents a deep learning-based approach for categorizing chest X-ray images into three classes: pneumonia, tuberculosis, and COVID-19. Utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as the primary architecture, owing to their ability to automatically extract relevant features from raw image data. The proposed model is trained on a sizable dataset of chest X-ray images annotated with ground truth labels for pneumonia, TB, and COVID-19. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the model's performance in terms of classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Furthermore, we compare the performance of our deep learning model with traditional machine learning approaches and assess its generalization ability on an independent test set. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed deep learning model achieves high accuracy in classifying chest X-ray images of pneumonia, TB, and COVID-19, outperforming traditional methods and showing potential for clinical deployment as a screening tool, especially in resource-limited settings.
Cités, villes, métropoles. Le changement irréversible de la ville
Authors: Bassand Michel
Published: December 2024

La réalité urbaine a évolué à tel point que le concept même de 'ville' est aujourd'hui devenu caduc. Des agglomérations urbaines de tous types se sont développées, dont notamment des métropoles dominantes, et cela dans le monde entier. C'est à travers la redéfinition de cette réalité que Michel Bassand élabore une nouvelle sociologie urbaine, qui fonde une recherche urbaine interdisciplinaire reposant sur trois approches distinctes et interdépendantes: la sociologie de la structuration sociale et urbaine, la sociologie des acteurs, la sociologie en profondeur. Dans cet essai de synthèse, Michel Bassand poursuit ses réflexions menées lors de travaux précédents et montre que la sociologie urbaine implique nécessairement ces trois approches: se contenter de l'une ou de l'autre serait caricaturer les collectivités urbaines mais aussi prendre le risque de ne pouvoir ni les expliquer, ni les comprendre et encore moins agir sur elles.
Métropolisation, crise écologique et développement durable
Authors: Bassand Michel , Ngoc Du Thai Thi , Taradellas Joseph , Da Cunha Antonio , Bolay Jean-Claude
Published: December 2024

Métropolisation, crise écologique et développement durable sont trois enjeux fondamentaux du monde contemporain. La métropolisation est l'une des causes essentielles de la crise écologique mondiale. Le développement durable, quant à lui, est considéré comme une stratégie réaliste et efficace pour sortir de cette crise.Cette problématique est à l'origine d'une recherche interdisciplinaire menée par des chercheurs de deux hautes écoles suisses et de diverses institutions saïgonaises sur la métropole d'Ho Chi Minh-Ville. Cet ouvrage en présente les principaux résultats.Cette analyse fouillée d'une métropole du Sud est faite sous l'angle des questions de l'habitat précaire et de l'eau. Ho CHi Minh-Ville, du fait de sa difficile planification, est en effet exemplaire d'une crise urbaine qui s'exprime dans les rapports entre métropolisation, pollution de l'eau et gestion de l'habitat précaire. Même si chaque métropole est unique, les auteurs de cette recherche essentielle nous rappellent que le développement durable mis en oeuvre à Ho Chi Minh-Ville peut être appliqué au monde entier, que les pays du Nord ont leur part de responsabilité dans l'actuel état des choses et qu'ils doivent inventer, avec les pays du Sud, un autre mode de développement que celui exercé jusqu'à présent.
Fine Rice in Punjab: Response and Economics of Increasing Levels of Nitrogen
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Nadeem , Hamid Samina , Ur Rehman Obaid , Chishti Zia , Raza Nadeem , Ahmad Hafiz Riaz , Waheed Abdul , Rashid Muhammad , Ali Sajid , Hussain Nadeem , Umair Adnan
Published: December 2024

With changing climate and introduction of new varieties over time, it is imperative to revisit the nitrogen fertilizer dose for optimum rice yields. Increasing prices of N has also necessitated the calculation of economics of N use. To achieve these objectives, a number of field studies were conducted on fine rice to determine its response to increasing nitrogen doses in Rice-Wheat and Central zones of Punjab Pakistan for four years from 2017 to 2020. During the first two years of study (2017 and 2018), seven doses of N (0, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168 kg ha-1) were tested at different locations. Half of nitrogen was applied to soil at transplanting and remaining half was applied about 30 to 35 days after transplanting. Phosphorus and potash were applied to soil at transplanting uniformly @ 90 and 60 kg ha-1 to all treatments except the check (No fertilizer). Increasing nitrogen levels upto 140 kg ha-1, a significant increase in paddy yield was observed. However, further increase in N level did not result in any increase in yield; rather it decreased paddy yield. Agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of N decreased with increasing doses of N and it was reduced to 9.3 and 30 respectively at N level of 140 and 168 kg ha-1. Economic analysis of N use on fine rice showed decreasing marginal rate of return (MRR) with increasing doses on N and it was 5.0 and 2.5 respectively for Rice-Wheat and Central zones at 140 kg N ha-1. Above this level of N, the MRR became negative. Therefore, it was concluded that soil application of 140 kg N ha-1 was the most optimum dose for obtaining an economic yield for current scenario for fine varieties of rice. The outcome of this study will help formulating nitrogen fertilizer recommendation of fine rice.
Unveiling Soil Fertility Dynamics in Rawalpindi Region: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture and Fertilizer Strategies
Authors: Alvi Sarosh , Qazi Muhammad Akram , Rashid Muhammad , Afzal Sher , Raza Raja Abad , Shah Muhammad Tahir , Khan Saftain Ullah , Ali Sajid , Iqbal Hafiz Imran
Published: December 2024

In Pakistan, the adoption of high-yielding crop varieties and intensive farming practices since the commencement of the green revolution has led to a degradation in soil quality and fertility. Particularly in rainfed areas, rapid mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM) has exacerbated widespread nutrient deficiencies. This study, conducted in Rawalpindi district, aimed to evaluate the extent of soil nutrient deficiencies to formulate precise fertilizer recommendations for management of soil health and fertility to obtain sustainable crop production. A comprehensive analysis of 4080 soil samples from various tehsils within Rawalpindi district was carried out. Results revealed that the majority of soils (79%) were classified as loam, with an overwhelming percentage (88%) exhibiting alkaline pH (7.5 to 8.5). Furthermore, 99% of soils had an electrical conductivity (EC) within the safe limit of <4.00 dS m−1. However, more than 96% of soils displayed poor levels of SOM, and deficiency of available phosphorus was observed in 99% of the samples. Conversely, 63% of soils had adequate extractable potassium. These findings underscore that deficiency of SOM, available-P, and alkaline soil pH are the major contributing factors in Rawalpindi region to the poor soil fertility. Therefore, soil fertility management strategies must consider the findings of this study to obtain the maximum agronomic benefits. Furthermore, farmers are recommended to get their soil tested after every three years to revise the nutrient management programs.
OLIVERA, Ana. Geografía de la salud
Authors: Mendizàbal Enric
Published: December 2024

Olivera, Ana (1993) Geografía de la saludMadrid: Síntesis (Col. Espacios y Sociedades).160 p.
Una nova dimensió de la xarxa de ciutats a Catalunya. Les àrees de cohesió
Authors: Castañer i Vivas Margarida
Published: December 2024

Aquest article parteix de la hipòtesi de l'existència d'un nou concepte de ciutat. Aquesta ha passat de ser d'una naturalesa nodal o focal a ser-ho de funcionament, de concepte i percepció difusos. Això vol dir que d'una ciutat bàsicament autosuficient i físicament ben delimitada s'ha passat, des de ja fa temps i en els darrers anys d'una manera més accentuada, a un espai difús, amb uns límits molt més amplis i, en bona mesura, indeterminats.
Tenint present això, l'objectiu principal és determinar l'amplitud d'aquesta ciutat. En termes generals, el perímetre principal i bàsic a partir del qual es pot delimitar aquesta nova dimensió de la ciutat —ciutats difuses, àrees urbanes o ciutats reals— és el de la mobilitat per motiu de treball, la mobilitat laboral obligada.
El paràmetre escollit per interpretar aquesta realitat —relació residencia-treball (extret del qüestionari del Cens i Padró d'habitants del 1981 i 1986 respectivament)— s'ha treballat a partir de la relació origen-destinació i destinació-origen que s'estableix entre dos municipis i un cop determinat un valor llindar, es defineix el concepte de cohesió.
D'altra banda, moltes de les ciutats reals definides a partir dels paràmetres de mobilitat laboral tenen altres atributs urbans que les reforcen com a punts impulsors de la dinàmica territorial i com a ciutats estructuradores de territori. Aquest fet es constata a partir de la comparació dels resultats del model de cohesió i dels resultats finals obtinguts per diferents treballs que analitzen la xarxa urbana de Catalunya.
ANÁLISE DE RESULTADOS NA REDUÇÃO CICATRIZES DE ACNE EM PACIENTES TRATADOS COM LASER ERBIUM GLASS DE 1540nm: Estudo Retrospectivo
Authors: Marinho Bruna , Perdigão Natchely , Gonçalves Jennifer , Serafim Graziele
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do laser Erbium Glass 1540nm no tratamento de cicatrizes planas e atróficas de acne, analisando melhorias na textura da pele e na satisfação dos pacientes. Método: Foi conduzido um estudo retrospectivo em um centro único, envolvendo 9 participantes com idades médias de 27,4 anos e cicatrizes formadas há mais de 2 anos. Os participantes foram submetidos a sessões mensais de laser Erbium Glass 1540nm, avaliadas por fisioterapeutas dermatofuncionais utilizando a Escala de Melhora Estética Global (GAIS) e uma classificação de cicatrizes de Goodman & Baron. Dados qualitativos sobre satisfação foram coletados por meio de questionários. Resultados: Após o tratamento, 66,7% dos participantes apresentaram melhorias moderadas ou excelentes, com redução média de 1,0 ponto na classificação das cicatrizes (p<0,05). A satisfação foi alta: 87,5% dos pacientes relataram estar “muito satisfeitos”, e a autoestima média aumentou de 3,38 para 4,13 em uma escala de 0 a 5. Não foram observados eventos adversos graves, apenas eritema transitório em um paciente. Conclusão: O laser Erbium Glass 1540nm demonstrou ser eficaz e seguro para reduzir cicatrizes planas e atróficas de acne, melhorando a textura da pele e a autoestima dos pacientes. Apesar do tamanho limitado da amostra, o estudo reforça a viabilidade deste protocolo como uma alternativa promissora nos tratamentos dermatológicos. Pesquisas futuras podem explorar variáveis adicionais, como o impacto em diferentes fototipos.
Problems and challenges of lichen inventory in a changing environment: The case of the “Mszar” and “Redykajny” reserves in Olsztyn
Authors: Kubiak Dariusz
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the state of knowledge of the lichen biota of the “Mszar” and
“Redykajny” nature reserves, located in the “Las Miejski” urban forest complex in
Olsztyn (north-eastern Poland). The results of the inventory conducted in 2024 are
described, which are compared with published data collected in 1999–2001. So far,
a total of 118 lichenized and three non-lichenized fungi have been identified in this
area. Recent studies did not confirm the occurrence of 18 species, but at the same
time showed 32 species new to the study area. The article discusses possible causes
of changes in the species composition of the lichen biota over almost 25 years and
the effectiveness of various methods of collecting data in the field. The results prove
that both reserves are still important refuges of forest lichen biodiversity on a scale
larger than just the area of Olsztyn’s urban forests.
Epidemiological trends in TB during a technical assistance project, Zambia, 2015–2018
Authors: Ota M. , Mfungwe V. , Masitano C. , Matsuoka Y. , Hirao S. , Amano S. , Tanaka Y. , Daka S. , Oniki-Goto M. , Phiri M. , Mtonga Z. , Changala M. , Samungole G.K.V. , Msiska C.Y.
Published: December 2024

SETTING
Three health facilities: Chongwe Health Centre (CHC), Chongwe District Hospital (CDH), and Ngwerere Health Centre (NHC) in Chongwe District, Lusaka Province, Zambia.

OBJECTIVE
To describe
the epidemiological trend of TB in 2015–2018, with the 2014 data as baseline.

DESIGN
This was an observational study.

RESULTS
At CHC, CDH, and NHC, 457, 851 and 85 cases, respectively,
of all types of TB were registered in 2014–2018. The numbers of patients with presumptive TB at CHC and CDH increased from 606 and 406, respectively, in 2014 to 1068 and 1848, respectively, in 2018. The proportion of patients with bacteriologically positive TB among patients with presumptive
TB decreased at CHC and CDH from over 10% in 2014 to less than 5% in late 2018. The treatment success rates decreased at CHC and CDH in 2017 from respectively 93.7% and 93.0% in 2014 to 69.1% and 73.0% in 2017. GeneXpert equipment was installed at CHC in 2016 and CDH in 2017.

CONCLUSION
After
introducing GeneXpert equipment at CHC and CDH, the proportion of bacteriologically-positive TB among presumptive TB significantly decreased because of the high number of patients with presumptive TB screened; however, it may have also caused treatment success rates to have stumbled.
Application of a TB care cascade to a novel household contact intervention in rural South Africa
Authors: Linde L. , van Niekerk L.B. , le Roux K.W. , Wilson M. , Brooks M.B. , van de Water B.J.
Published: December 2024

Four clinics implemented an intervention to increase TB household contact identification and evaluation in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. We applied a care cascade framework to assess gaps in evaluation and treatment initiation from April 2021 to June 2023. We identified 1,698 contacts
of 287 individuals with TB. The majority of contacts (71%) were screened; 9% of those with symptoms were fully evaluated, and of these, 14% were diagnosed with active TB. This intervention substantially increased TB contact identification and evaluation compared to prior efforts in the same
area; however, additional barriers limited the ability to identify and treat secondary cases.
Tolerability of linezolid in patients with drug-resistant TB in Daru, Western Province, PNG
Authors: Boga M. , Marukutira T. , Murray A. , Chan G.G. , Huang G.K.
Published: December 2024

SETTING
Linezolid (LZD) has emerged as a critical agent and core component of regimens to treat drug-resistant TB (DR-TB); however, there are ongoing uncertainties regarding its safety and the optimal dosing approach. Since 2016, linezolid has
been used in the treatment of patients diagnosed with DR-TB at Daru Provincial Hospital, PNG.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the patient characteristics, treatment outcomes, and tolerability of linezolid-containing regimens used to treat DR-TB in
Daru, Western Province.

DESIGN
This was a retrospective analysis of programmatic data.

RESULTS
A total of 632 eligible patients were diagnosed with DR-TB during the study period. Of these,
580 (91.8%) were commenced on a LZD-containing regimen. Among patients with baseline haemoglobin results available (380/632, 60.1%), the median value was 10.1 g/dL, with a mean corpuscular volume of 70.7 fL, 78.1% of those with haemoglobin results were anaemic at baseline. Despite this, 242/580
(41.7%) patients were able to complete the full LZD course of treatment (typically 18 months) without dose reduction or interruption. Treatment success was observed in 87.9% of the cohort. Neurotoxicity was not commonly reported, but adverse events were likely under-reported.

CONCLUSION
In
this cohort, with high rates of baseline anaemia, prolonged therapy with LZD was relatively well tolerated.
Proteção de marcas: análise do caso Gradiente vs Apple no contexto da legislação brasileira
Authors: Silva Bárbara Tanis Vieira da , Silva Netto Ketelen Myrella da , Amorim Iêda Cristina Dias
Published: December 2024

Este estudo analisa o caso judicial entre as empresas Gradiente e Apple no Brasil, focando nas questões de proteção de marcas no contexto da legislação brasileira. Em 2000, a Gradiente registrou o nome "iPhone" no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI), antes do lançamento do dispositivo homônimo pela Apple em 2007. Este conflito legal, que envolve reivindicações sobre o uso da marca "iPhone" no mercado brasileiro, levanta questões sobre o direito prioritário ao uso de uma marca, bem como a aplicação da Lei de Propriedade Industrial (LPI) e das normas do INPI. O estudo avalia como a legislação brasileira lida com marcas previamente registradas, direitos de exclusividade e os limites de uso em casos de conflito entre grandes corporações, abordando também as consequências jurídicas e comerciais do julgamento para as partes envolvidas.
Palavras-chave: proteção de marcas – Gradiente vs. Apple – iPhone – direito de exclusividade – legislação brasileira.
Cessação da eficácia temporal da coisa julgada nas relações de trato sucessivo ou continuado: caso CSLL, Temas 881 e 885
Authors: Riera Samuel Scaramello , Gontijo André Pires
Published: December 2024

Este artigo visa demonstrar as nuances e problemáticas acerca da cessação da eficácia temporal da coisa julgada nas relações de trato sucessivo ou continuado, mais especificamente no caso dos Temas 881 e 885, além disso busca, também, demonstrar os equívocos no julgamento dos Temas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, demonstrando a má utilização e conciliação entre dois modelos de controle de constitucionalidade adotados pelo nosso ordenamento jurídico, apesar de se tratar de um caso especificamente tributário, podemos estender a ratio decidendi  para todos os casos que tratem de uma relação continuada, além do mais, o julgado não se restringe a CSLL, julgada em questão, mas a todos os outros casos de tributos continuados, devendo ser modulado seus efeitos ou não em cada caso, nessa mesma lógica, este artigo visa diferenciar cessação da eficácia temporal da coisa julgada de desconstituição da coisa julgada propriamente dita, vale dizer, diferenciar a relação jurídica sucessiva ou continuada da relação jurídica definitiva.
Relatório justiça em números 2024: análise da crise da cultura litigiosa no poder judiciário brasileiro
Authors: Silva Marcelo Lessa da , Araújo Liane Maria Santiago Cavalcante , Felipe Karla Soraya da Costa
Published: December 2024

A hiperjudicialização dos conflitos e a cultura da litigiosidade possuem uma relação intrínseca com o modelo de justiça contenciosa, tradicionalmente utilizado no Brasil. Com isso, há uma sobrecarga no sistema de justiça, que resulta em morosidade na resolução dos casos e no comprometimento do sentimento de justiça das partes envolvidas. Logo, é preciso compreender a crise do Judiciário, agravada pelo surgimento de novos direitos e atores sociais, no século XXI. Diante do teor do Relatório Justiça em Números 2024, questiona-se: em que medida a cultura da litigiosidade contribui para a crise do modelo de justiça contenciosa existente no Brasil? Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem qualitativa, de caráter fenomenológico. Em sede de resultados, constata-se que a sobrecarga do Poder Judiciário é alimentada pelo modelo de justiça contenciosa, que promove a cultura da litigiosidade e intensifica a hiperjudicialização. Verifica-se que a Resolução nº 125/2010 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça promoveu avanços ao criar uma política judiciária de resolução de conflitos com métodos adequados. Contudo, nos últimos 14 anos, o acervo de processos pendentes aumentou em 22 milhões, e alcançou o recorde de 83,8 milhões de processos em espera. Além disso, a taxa de conciliação declinou, mesmo com o quadruplicamento dos investimentos em novos Centros. Portanto, a política pública não se mostra eficaz na prática. Assim, propõe-se a adoção de uma estratégia adaptativa com maior integração entre os foros judicial e extrajudicial, focada na capacidade técnica e na capilaridade dos cartórios para absorver demandas do Judiciário.
Ensino de história e democracia no Brasil: um tutorial para o uso de bancos de dados
Authors: Lucas João Ignacio Pires , Costa Álisson Oliveira da
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma base de dados de cultura política, o Latinobarômetro, que disponibiliza levantamentos sobre o apoio e a satisfação com a democracia no Brasil desde 1995 até 2023. Além dos níveis de apoio e satisfação, é objetivo também mostrar como acessar, analisar e reportar os dados das dezenas de rodadas do levantamento feito na América Latina desde os anos 90 do século XX. O método do trabalho é quantitativo, com análise de dados secundários, mas também foca no tutorial para que esses dados possam ser utilizados em atividades no ensino de história. Os resultados revelam que é preciso um acréscimo na discussão da democracia no Brasil porque predomina uma cultura política pouco democrática ao longo desses quase 30 anos da série temporal. A hipótese subjacente ao tutorial é que o uso dessas fontes de dados poderá incrementar o apoio à democracia no Brasil por parte dos alunos de história.