bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Silver-Loaded Diatomite Prepared by Ion Exchange and its Antibacterial Effect
Authors: Wang Chun Ping , Chen Shao Ping , Chen Jia Chao
Published: August 2013

In order to optimize the preparation process of silver-loaded diatomite, the effect of the adsorption time, temperature and the concentration of silver nitrate on the content of silver ions in diatomite were investigated through ion exchange experiment method. And the antibacterial properties were measured by Haloes method. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the loading of the silver ions is no change in the microscopic structure of the diatomite, the silver exists in diatomite as the ion. The content of silver in the diatomite is 0.523g/g under the condition of AgNO3 (0.5mol/L) and temperature 70°C. The silver-loaded diatomite has good antibacterial activity on E. coli.
Effect of Solvent to Fingerprint Detection by Photoluminescent CdSe/PAMAM Nanocomposites
Authors: Jin Yu Juan , Luo Yun Jun , Wang Yuan Feng , Sun Hui , Zhang Hao Nan , Jin Di
Published: August 2013

Uniform and well-dispersed photoluminescent semiconductor CdSe (Cadmium selenium) QDs (Quantum dots) were in-situ prepared by taking G4.0-NH2PAMAM(polyamidoamine) dendrimers as inner templates in water and methanol respectively. The prepared solutions containing photoluminescent semiconductor CdSe QDs were utilized for detection of unfumed oil fingerprints on tinfoil. The results show that unfumed latent fingerprints treated with prepared CdSe/PAMAM nanocomposites both displayed yellow emission and the latent fingerprints were detected clearly, while treated with CdSe/PAMAM composites in water manifested stronger emission compared with those treated with CdSe/PAMAM composites in methanol; Also, the veins of fingerprints treated with CdSe/PAMAM nanocomposites in methanol became slim because of the dissolution of methanol to oil components in fingerprints.
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Analysis of Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Yang Jie , Deng Xiang Yun , Li Jian Bao , Cai Qiang , Zhang Hai Tao , Wang Li Ming , Su Kui Fan , Zhang Guo Qing , Wang Chun Peng
Published: August 2013

The complex dielectric behaviors of ferroelectric barium titanate (BT) ceramics were investigated. The dielectric properties were studied as a function of temperature and frequency using broadband dielectric spectrometer. The results show that the maximum value of dielectric constant occurs at 500nm BT ceramics, which is approximately 7,500; the dielectric loss is lower than 0.03 with the temperature varying from 225 K to 450 K. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss experience three dielectric peaks corresponding to rhombohedral to orthorhombic, tetragonal and cubic transitions. With the frequency ranges from 1 MHz to 1 GHz, the dielectric relaxation is apparently present. The relaxation process obeys Cole-Cole relaxation model at high temperature and conforms to Debye relaxation model when the temperature far lower than Curie temperature. The relaxation time is the order magnitude of ~10-9s obtained by Havriliak-Negami function fitting, which is very consistent with theoretical calculation.
Analysis and Research of the Combustion Process of YN4100QB Diesel Engine
Authors: Shi Lei Ming , Jia Guang Hui , Zhang Zhi Fei , Xu Zhong Ming
Published: August 2013

In order to obtain the foundation to the research on the Diesel Engine YN4100QB combustion process, exhaust, the optimal design of combustion chamber and the useful information for the design of exhaust muffler, the geometric model and mesh model of a type internal combustion engine are constructed by using FIRE software to analyze the working process of internal combustion engine. Exhaust noise is the main component of automobile noise in the study of controlling vehicle noise. It is primary to design a type of muffler which is good for agricultural automobile engine matching and noise reduction effect. The present car mufflers are all development means. So it is bound to cause the long cycle of product development and waste of resources. Even sometimes not only can it not reach the purpose of reducing the noise but also it leads to reduce the engine dynamic. The strength of the exhaust noise is closely related to engine combustion temperature and pressure. The calculation and initial parameters are applied to the software based on the combustion model and theory. According to the specific operation process of internal combustion engine. Five kinds of common operation condition was compiled. It is obtained for the detailed distribution parameters of combusted gas temperature pressure . It is also got for flow velocity of the fields in cylinder and given for the relation of the parameters and crankshaft angle for the further research. At the same time NOx emissions situation are got. The numerical results show that not only does it provide the 3D distribution data in different crank shaft angle inside the cylinder in the simulation of combustion process, but also it provides a basis for the engine combustion ,emission research, the optimization design of the combustion chamber and the useful information for the designs of muffler.
The Analysis and Tests of Composite Leaf Spring for Trailer Truck
Authors: Wang Jia Shi , Li Zai Ke , Jiang Qi Bin , Lv Wen Li
Published: August 2013

The composite leaf spring for trailer truck is developed with weight reduction 60% relative to steel spring, which can be benefit to environment protection and energy saving. In this work, the composite leaf spring is designed and analyzed by finite element method. Then the experimental tests are conducted on the composite leaf spring fabricated by the hot molding process. The spring rate and the maximum load capacity are measured, which have a good agreement with the design results.
The Mechanical Properties of Low Cis-Butadiene Modified HIPS
Authors: Yao Hui Ming , Yuan Yong Liang , Liu Xiao Yun , Qian Sheng Qiang , Wang Jian Long , Zhuang Qi Xin
Published: August 2013

In this paper, low cis-butadiene (LCPB) is used in the process of polymerization of HIPS to study the influence of the polymerization condition on the particle size of rubber and mechanical property. It can be discovered from the study that the particle size was increased from 300nm to 500nm with the decreasing stir. The test of mechanical property shows that with the increase of content of rubber, elongation at break and impact strength on cantilever increase, but stretching strength decreases. On condition of 100 rpm, when the content of rubber increases from 3% to 9%, elongation at break increases from 21.9% to 25.0%, stretching strength decreases from 30.5 MPa to 23.9 MPa, and the cantilever impact strength increases from 5.4KJ/m2 to 9.3KJ/m2. On condition of 200 rpm, when the content of rubber increases from 3% to 9%, elongation at break increases from 21.4% to 29.1%, stretching strength decreases from 28.7 MPa to 20.8 MPa, and the cantilever impact strength increases from 5.2KJ/m2 to 8.1KJ/m2.
Keywords: HIPS, mechanical properties, morphologies, T117 initiation
Design and Implementation of a Control System for Manipulator Based on PLC and the Kingview
Authors: Wang Deng Gui , Wei Yong Qiao , Qi Xue Mei
Published: August 2013

The control system for universal copy manipulator is designed based on combining PLC control technology and Kingview6.55 configuration software technology in this paper.According to the control requirements of control system,the PLC control design of control system and the design of configuration function are elaborated,and the synchronized monitoring of configuration technology for manipulator is also realized.By running test, the design of system structure is reasonable, stable running, and can work good synchronization with actual manipulator.
Value of Cepstrum Analysis and its Application in Gearbox Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Guo Yan Jun , Han Jie
Published: August 2013

A method for analyzing the value of cepstrum without taking the logarithm is proposed. The bottom of abscissa of cepstrum is cycle of power spectrum.Ordinate of the cepstrum can identify how many lines in the sideband of power spectrum without logarithmic.Application to fault diagnosis of the test bench and the gearbox is successfully, and thus significant results are achieved.
Three-Dimensional Exact Analysis of Laminated Piezoelectric Plates and Shells
Authors: Kulikov Gennady M. , Plotnikova S.V.
Published: August 2013

A paper focuses on the use of the efficient approach to three-dimensional (3D) exact solutions of electroelasticity for laminated piezoelectric plates and shells. This approach is based on the new method of sampling surfaces (SaS). We introduce inside the nth layer Ιn not equally spaced SaS parallel to the middle surface of the shell and choose displacements of these surfaces as basic shell variables. This permits the derivation of 3D exact solutions of electroelasticity for thick and thin laminated piezoelectric anisotropic structures with a specified accuracy using a sufficient number of SaS, which are located at interfaces and Chebyshev polynomial nodes.
Mechatronic System Integration Potential for Different Applications
Authors: Rinderknecht Stephan , Strah Bruno
Published: August 2013

Starting with some general and historical perspective, mechatronics is placed in the technological field map as a multidisciplinary discipline. The considered advantages of mechatronic systems are exposed from the human perspective, which enables the consideration of the social impact of this technological discipline. Due to the multidisciplinary character of mechatronics, the integration issues including synergetic effects consider both geometrical and functional aspects. The same reason provides a very large variety of different solutions to fulfill a certain functionality. Choosing an appropriate solution for a specific application is done using systematic methods which shape this problem to an optimization problem. General statements are illustrated with different application examples.
Design of Piezoelectric Sensors for Structural and Health Monitoring Based on the Principle of Virtual Work
Authors: Krommer Michael , Irschik Hans
Published: August 2013

This paper is concerned with the discussion of a general methodology to design continuously distributed strain sensors; the latter are also known as spatial filters. The methodology is based on the application of the principle of virtual work. Hence, solutions for the design problem can be computed from static auxiliary problems; yet, they are valid for actual dynamic problems as well. Moreover, the use of the principle of virtual work enables a simple and straightforward translation of the results to a structural level. Different types of spatial filters, such as modal filters, displacement filters and compatibility filters are presented and their use for structural and health monitoring is discussed. Some illustrative examples for each type of spatial filter are presented, in which piezoelectric sensor networks are used to put the filters into practice; in each example experimental results validate the presented design methodology.
Continuous Dynamic Monitoring of Bridges: Different Perspectives of Application
Authors: Cunha Alvaro , Caetano Elsa , Moutinho Carlos , Magalhães Filipe
Published: August 2013

This paper makes a brief characterisation of some aspects related with the extensive research activity of the Laboratory of Vibrations and Structural Monitoring (ViBest) of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP) in the field of Continuous Dynamic Monitoring of Bridges and Special Structures, selecting four examples where large high quality databases have been created since 2007, namely Infante D. Henrique bridge, Pedro e Inês footbride, FEUP Campus stress-ribbon footbridge and Trezói railway bridge.
Fabrication of Shellac-Based Effervescent Floating Matrix Tablet as a Novel Carrier for Controlling of Drug Release
Authors: Chongcherdsak Noppadol , Aekthammarat Direk , Limmatvapirat Chutima , Limmatvapirat Sontaya
Published: August 2013

The aim of this research was to elucidate the factors affecting drug release and buoyancy properties of effervescent shellac based matrix tablet. Theophylline was selected as a model drug and sodium bicarbonate was used as a gas forming agent. To fabricate floating matrix tablets, the model drug, gas forming agent and other excipients were blended, compressed and then annealed at 80C for 24 h. The factors affecting floating and drug release, including amount of SHL and gas forming agent were investigated. The result demonstrated that the hardness of all formulations before annealing was within the range of 60+10 N. After annealing process, the hardness was significantly increased especially for formulation containing high level of SHL. The hardness of tablets containing 55% w/w or more of SHL was more than 200 N. As increasing amount of SHL (> 35% w/w), the more sustained drug release was also observed. The results were agreed well with the increased hardness. In addition, the tablets containing 20% w/w or more of gas forming agent were floated in 0.1 N HCl for more than 10 h, suggesting the good buoyancy characteristic. The kinetics of drug release in 0.1N HCl for all formulations were both fitted with Higuchi model and power law equation model, suggesting that the main mechanism of drug release in 0.1N HCl was obeyed the diffusion process. The result from this research could provide the basic knowledge for fabricating of SHL-based floating matrix tablet through varying amount of SHL and gastric forming agent.
Influence of Bagasse Carboxymethyl Cellulose Addition on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PLA Composites
Authors: Kamthai S. , Magaraphan Rathanawan
Published: August 2013

According to the availability of bagasse waste and increasing environmental concern, this research is focused on the preparation of polylactic acid (PLA)/bagasse carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCB) composite in order to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA/CMCB film. PLA were mixed with CMCB at different ratios (1, 2, 4 and 8%, w/w of PLA), by kneading in two roll mills and then hot pressing into film. The results revealed that the addition of CMCB had significant effects on PLA composites properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement indicated that the presence of CMCB accelerated the reduction of glass transition, and melting temperatures. Moreover the CMCB could improve the storage modulus of PLA composites at high temperature because its cold crystallization was developed. At room temperature, the tensile strength and elongation of PLA composite (but not modulus) were not significantly different with an increase of CMCB contents.
Characterizations of Mesa Structural Near-Infrared n-Type Nanocrystalline-FeSi2/p-Type Si Heterojunction Photodiodes at Low Temperatures
Authors: Promros Nathaporn , Iwasaki Ryūhei , Funasaki Suguru , Yamashita Kyohei , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2013

In order to reduce the parasitic capacitance, mesa structural n-type NC-FeSi2/p-type Si heterojunctions were fabricated by photolithography. Their current-voltage characteristics were measured in the dark and under illumination using a 1.31 μm laser in the temperature range of 60 300 K. Their junction capacitance density was evidently reduced as compared with that of the normal structural diodes. The dark current was markedly reduced with a decrease in the temperature. At 60 K, a rectifying current ratio in the dark became more than five orders of magnitude at ±1V. The ratio of the photocurrent to the dark current was dramatically enhanced to be approximately two orders of magnitude, and the detectivity was calculated to be 1.5 × 1011 cmHz1/2/W at-1V. The obtained results showed a remarkable improvement in the device performance as compared with those at 300 K.
Feasibility for Enhancing Power Conversion Efficiency of P3HT/C60 Polymer Solar Cell by Adding Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymer as a Compatibilizer
Authors: Rattanathamwat Nattawoot , Woothikanokkhan Jatuphorn , Nimitsiriwat Nonsee , Thanachayanont Chanchana , Asawapirom Udom
Published: August 2013

This research work has concern a synthesis and application of donor-acceptor block copolymer, namely poly (3-hexyl thiophene)-b-fullerene grafted polystyrene, in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell based on P3HT/C60 system. The primary aim of this work is to explore a feasibility for using the above block copolymer as a compatibilizer for controlling morphology and enhancing power conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The block copolymer was firstly prepared by synthesizing the P3HT macrointiator via a multiple synthetic route, in accordance with the methods described in literatures. After that, the macroinitiator was further reacted with styrene and chloromethyl:styrene via an ATRP mechanism. Finally, the above copolymer was functionalized with fullerene via an ATRA mechanism to obtain the donor-acceptor block copolymer. Chemical structures, molecular weight and thermal properties of the prepared block copolymer was confirmed by using FTIR, 1H-NMR, TGA, and UV-Visible spectroscopy technique. Next, the polymer solar cells were fabricated by coating P3HT/C60 onto ITO glass, using a spin coating technique. Au electrode was then coated on top of the active layer, using a thermal evaporator. From the results, it was found that power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the normal cell (P3HT/C60) is 0.02 %. However by adding the prepared block copolymer, PCE of the cell increased to 0.23 %.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Optical Parameters of CdS Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Method
Authors: Gaewdang Thitinai , Wongcharoen Ngamnit , Wongcharoen Tiparatana
Published: August 2013

CdS thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation onto glass substrate in vacuum better than 5.5x10-5 mbar. The obtained films were subsequently annealed in a pure nitrogen atmosphere at temperature between 100 to 500°C for 30 min. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the as-deposited and annealed films were investigated by XRD and SEM, respectively. Optical band gap and Urbach tail values of the films, determined from spectral transmission data, were found to be slightly varied in the range 2.36-2.40 eV and 110-160 meV, respectively, due to annealing temperature. The refractive index of the films was also evaluated from the spectral transmission data. The dependence of the refractive index on the wavelength obeys the single oscillator model, from which the important parameters such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, oscillator energy (E0) and dispersion energy (Ed) of the films with different annealing temperatures were determined. From the experimental results, the optical parameters of the films are obviously influenced by annealing temperature.
Microfibrillated Cellulose Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol) Composites
Authors: Tanpichai Supachok , Sampson William W. , Eichhorn Stephen J.
Published: August 2013

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was successfully prepared from lyocell fibers using combined homogenization and sonication treatments. MFC fibrils with a mean diameter of ~365 nm were observed, after the lyocell fibers with diameters of ~10 μm were mechanically treated for 60 min. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites reinforced with MFC were then fabricated using a solvent casting method. Physical and mechanical properties of the MFC reinforced PVA composites were investigated. An increase of ~13 and ~34 % of tensile strength and Youngs modulus was observed for the 3 wt% MFC reinforced composites, compared to those of the pure PVA. Raman spectroscopy was also employed to study the deformation micromechanics of the MFC reinforced PVA composites. The position of the Raman peak initially located at 1095 cm-1, corresponding to the C-O ring stretching and C-O-C glycosidic bond stretching modes, was recorded. During tensile deformation, this peak was observed to shift towards a lower wavenumber position, indicating stress-transfer between the resin and the fibrils.
Effect of Mixing Conditions on Phase Morphology of NR/EPDM Blends
Authors: Chaisuriyathepkul Anont , Suchiva Krisda , Sea-Oui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit
Published: August 2013

A number of mixing parameters including mixing temperature, rotor speed, fill factor, mixing time, and loading sequence have strong influences on mixing quality. In this work, an in-house developed co-rotating batch mixer equipped with the MX2 rotors, which providing a combination of shear and extensional flows, was used to prepare NR/EPDM blends under various mixing temperatures, rotor speeds, and mixing times. Phase morphology and magnitude of coefficient of dispersive mixing (CDM) were used as qualitative and quantitative determination of mixing quality, respectively. It was found that the lower the mixing temperature, the greater the mixing quality would be obtained. The optimum rotor speed was observed at 60 rpm which was probably caused by the counter-balancing effect of shear stress and shear heating.
Study on Nonlinear Optical Properties of BSS Material
Authors: Cheng Wen Dan , Lin Chen Sheng , Luo Zhong Zhen , Yang Yi
Published: August 2013

The calculated results based on the density functional theory are employed to simulate the nonlinear optical properties of a new compound of Ba7Sn5S15(BSS). The frequency (ω=eV/ħ) dependent SHG tensor components of the BSS are calculated from 0.0 to 2.0 eV energy range. The calculated components d31(20.3 pm/V) and d33(18.8 pm/V) are close to the experimental value of of 19.5 pm/V at a wavelength of 2.10 μm. The SHG conversion efficiency and the figure of merit of BSS material are about two fold as compared with those of AgGaS2material. The charge transfers within the (Sn2S3) and (SnS4) polyhedrons lead to the most contribution to SHG response, and the polarity superposition of the [Sn2S3]2-groups will strengthen the crystal polarity and result in a large SHG response in a BSS material.
Influences of Coagent Hybrid Ratios and Silanes on Viscoelastic Properties of Silica-Filled HNBR
Authors: Nillawong Manuchet , Sae-Oui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit
Published: August 2013

Silica filled HNBR compounds were prepared, and modified with 2 different silanes, namely, mercapto silane (TESPT) and vinyl silane (VTEO). Because the HNBR was cured with peroxide, the 2 coagents (TRIM and ZDA) were used simultaneously as a hybrid system for a purpose of cure efficiency enhancement. Various composition ratios of TRIM to ZDA were used in association with 2 different silanes. Results of viscoelastic properties, as investigated by RPA2000 via oscillatory shear flow, suggest the different suitability of coagent hybrid ratio in the system with different silanes. Due to the released sulfur molecules from TESPT, a cure retardation phenomenon is resulted. The use of high ZDA composition leads to improved viscoelastic and cure properties in TESPT filled system. On the other hand, the system modified with VTEO reveals the synergistic effect of VTEO and TRIM, probably via a co-crosslink, resulting in the enhanced crosslink density, especially at high composition ratio of TRIM.
Evaluation of Cadmould Software to Simulate the Filling Phase of a Natural Rubber Compound in Injection Moulding Process
Authors: Ariff Zulkifli Mohamad , Khang T.H.
Published: August 2013

The possibility of using Cadmould software to simulate the filling behaviour of a natural rubber compound during an injection moulding process was investigated. For the simulation process, the determination of required material input data involving the rheological and cure kinetics data of the designed rubber compound were conducted. It was discovered that the acquired data were able to function as reliable material input data as they were comparable with related data available in the Cadmould software materials database. Verification of the simulated filling profiles by experimental short shots specimens showed that the Cadmould Rubber Package was able to predict the realistic filling behaviour of the formulated natural rubber compound inside the mould cavity when the measured material data were utilized. Whereas, the usage of available material database from the software failed to model the mould filling progression of the intended natural rubber compound.
Synthesis of In2O3/BiOCl Composite Photocatalyst and its Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Rhodamine B under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhu Gang Qiang , Hojamberdiev Mirabbos , Katsumata Ken Ichi , Matsushita Nobuhiro , Okada Kiyoshi , Liu Peng , Zhou Jian Ping
Published: August 2013

We report on the synthesis and photocatalytic activity of 10 wt% In2O3/BiOCl composite photocatalyst. The 10 wt% In2O3/BiOCl composite photocatalyst was synthesized by a simple chemical coprecipitation method at room temperature followed by thermal treatment at 400 °C for 2 h. During thermal treatment at 400 °C for 2 h, the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation occurs in In2O3. Pure BiOCl possesses flower-like nanostructures composed of nanoplates with single-crystal nature. With the incorporation of 10 wt% In2O3, the morphology of the composite photocatalyst is mainly constituted of particles with two different forms: nanoflowers of BiOCl and nanoparticles of In2O3. The effect of 10 wt% In2O3 on the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalyst was evaluated for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The 10 wt% In2O3/BiOCl composite photocatalyst shows enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to pure BiOCl. Based on the results obtained in this study, the mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of 10 wt% In2O3/BiOCl composite photocatalyst is discussed.
Tensile Properties of Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk Biocomposites: Effect of Maleated Polypropylene
Authors: Chun Koay Seong , Husseinsyah Salmah , Osman Hakimah
Published: August 2013

Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk (PP/CPH) biocomposites with different maleated polypropylene (MAPP) content were prepared via melt blending process using Brabender Plastrograph mixer. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of PP/CPH biocomposites increased with increasing of MAPP content. The PP/CPH biocomposites with 5 phr of MAPP showed the optimum improvement on tensile properties. However, the increased of MAPP content reduced the elongation at break of PP/CPH biocomposites. At 5 phr of MAPP content, PP/CPH biocomposites showed lowest elongation at break. Scanning electron microscope confirms the PP/CPH biocomposites with MAPP have better filler-matrix interaction and adhesion due to the effect of MAPP.
The Crystallization Kinetics of Polypropylene/Organo Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Modified with Calcium Pimelate
Authors: Thanomchaem Nattha , Chonkaew Wunpen
Published: August 2013

Polypropylene/organo montmorillonite nanocomposites modified with 0.001-0.1 wt% calcium pimelate, a β-nucleating agent, were prepared using twin screw extruder. The effects of calcium pimelate content on crystallization behavior were investigated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The crystallization kinetics were studied using both nonisothermal and isothermal methods. The development of relative crystallinity with the crystallization time was analyzed by the Avrami equation. For nonisothermal studies, the Kissingers theory was employed and the crystallization activation energy was calculated. The results showed that the crystallization temperature shifted to a higher temperature range when calcium pimelate was added. The alpha crystal form of polypropylene nanocomposite was suppressed, by the additions of calcium pimelate, while beta crystallization reaction was accelerated.
Study on the Mechanism of Bank Collapse and Prevention-Control Measures in China Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Shang Min , Xu Qiang , Xue Yi Guo
Published: August 2013

Reservoir bank collapse results in vegetation destruction on bank, worsens soil - water loss, impacts local economic and environment. Therefore, attention should be attached to research of reservoir bank collapse mechanism and control measures. The impoundment and operation of China Three Gorges (CTG) reservoir largely changes hydrologic and geologic conditions of the reservoir bank, greatly influences the reservoir bank stability. On the base of summarizing the structure types of main bank and slope in the reservoir area, the typical bank collapse mode and mechanism in CTG reservoir area are analyzed, including erosion degradation type, sloughing type, sliding type and collapsing type. In the light of different material composition, correlative control and harnessing measures are put forward, which can be referred in the control and harnessing of bank collapse in the reservoir area.
Anatomical & Imaging Measures of the Left Ventricular Apical Thinning
Authors: Zhang Ping , Zhu Yao Hui , Lum Chee Mun , Duan Shao Yin
Published: August 2013

Doing the heart three-dimensional CT imaging (3DCT), the writers found 3DCT can clearly show the left ventricular apical thinning (LVAT). Purpose: To observe the shape of LVAT and measure related parameters in the end-systolic and end-diastolic phases. Methods: 12 cadaveric heart specimens were observed, and the thickness of LVAT was measured, as well as the thickest myocardium of left ventricle (TMLV). There are 69 cases imaging data of the end-systolic and end-diastolic phases without heart diseases from PACS in our hospital, with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), Volume rendering (VR), the LVAT was clearly shown and measured. Measuring parameters include the thickness of LVAT, TMLV and the distance between the LVAT and the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery (DBLCA). Statistical comparisons were made. Results: In all cadaveric heart specimens of 12 cases were found the LVAT, the thickness of LVAT, TMLV was 1.74 mm ± 0.32 mm, 13.07 mm ± 1.48 mm. 3DCT clearly showed the LVAT in the 69 cases, whose thickness was 1.17 mm ± 0.43 mm in the diastole phase and 1.19 mm ± 0.48 mm in the systole phase. The thickness of TMLV was 12.02 mm ± 1.66mm, and the distance between the LVAT and DBLCA was 13.70mm ± 3.78 mm in the diastole phase. There were not significant differences in the LVAT thickness between systole and diastole phases (t = 0.366, p > 0.5), but there are significant differences in measuring the thickness of myocardium between the anatomy and 3DCT (t = 2.210, 0.01< P<0.05). Conclusion: The LVAT can be clearly shown by anatomy and 3DCT, and its thickness does not change in the end-systolic and end-diastolic phases.
Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Differential Protein Spots from Intestinal Side Population Cells and Epithelial Cells in Newborn Mice
Authors: Zhang Yong Feng , Yang Jin , Tan Yong Gang , Chen Man Yin , Yang Min
Published: August 2013

objective:To screen differential proteins or protein groups with stem cell characteristics.methods:Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to separate total proteins from intestinal side population cells and intestinal epithelial cells of neonatal mice. Proteins which were differentially expressed more than 1.5 times were selected for mass spectrometry analysis as well as database retrieval and identification.results:The two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns of intestinal side population cells and intestinal epithelial cells were successfully established to screen 39 differential protein spots. Thirty-two kinds of proteins were identified using the mass spectrometry analysis and database retrieval.conclusion:There were differences between the protein expression profiles of mouse intestinal epithelial cells and stem cells. The identified 32 kinds of proteins may become potential and valuable molecular markers for identification of intestinal stem cells.
A Fatigue Displacement Model of Atlantoaxial Subluxation, Model Validation and the Proposed Treatments
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Jian Ru , Liu Hua Wu
Published: August 2013

Traditionally, instant heavy impact has been believed to be the cause of atlantoaxial subluxation. However, none of our randomly selected 240 atlantoaxial subluxation patients were resulted from instant heavy impact. In fact, none of the patients was a laborer; 60% of the patients were at the age of 40-60; and the female patients were twice as much as the male patients. Therefore, a biomechanical model, called guyed pole, is proposed, which suggests that the major causes of atlantoaxial subluxation are accumulated trivial spine displacement and the loss of muscle strength due to long-term fatigue damage and inflammation. Atlantoaxial subluxation failure occurs after the accumulated stresses, due to spine displacement and incorrect cervical vertebra positioning, exceed the threshold of the injured muscle. During the treatment, the deformed cervical vertebra must be firstly restored to its original position, which may stop the uneven muscle stress distribution and further fatigue damage; then recover the muscle to its original elasticity and flexibility, which may increase the ability of muscle to resist cervical spine displacement; finally, correct postures during work and sleep are proposed to eliminate the damage of long-term fatigue stress.
The Effective Mechanism of Heat Stress on Mouse Embryo Implantation
Authors: Tian Jin Ling , Zhong You Gang , Liu Lin , Guo Kai Jun , Cao Yong Chun , Shi Ya Ran , Zhang Chao , Jia Zi Ye , Liu Feng Hua , Gao Jian Ming
Published: August 2013

By imitating to establish a pattern, which is high temperature environment in summer,effect the stress of pregnant mice, discussed preliminarily the mechanism that heat stress influence on SPF kunming mice embryo implantation. The results of this study shows that the pregnant mice at the embryos preimplantation is stressed 42°C for 2h, which could down-regulated E2 and P4 levels of blood serum and protein expression,and then down-regulated the LIF, VEGF mRNA and their proteins expressions on pregnancy 5d (after implantation),and up-regulated COX-2 mRNA and its protein expression, but down-regulated HOXa-10 mRNA expression;VEGF, COX-2 mRNA and their proteins expression were up-regulated on pregnancy 6d,eventually caused the embryos implantation and litter-size decreased.
Effects of Porcine Collagen Peptides on Biological Behavior of PC12 Cells
Authors: Liu Chao , Sun Jiao
Published: August 2013

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of porcine collagen peptides on biological behavior of PC12 cells, the Amino acid composition of porcine collagen peptides was analyzed using Amino Acid Analyzer, the contact angles were measured with a goniometer, and after treatment with porcine collagen peptides, the impact of peptides on cells proliferation and differentiation was evaluated using MTT assay and Real-time PCR respectively. porcine collagen peptides is found to contain mainly Gly, Pro and Hyp, the contact angles of porcine collagen peptides surfaces were approximately 23.3°. MTT Results revealed that collagen peptides promoted PC12 cells proliferation at the given concentrations with its maximum effect at the concentration of 0.2 mg/ml (P<0.01), Real-time PCR Results revealed the poricine collagen peptides had no influence on the expression of specific neuronal marker β3-tubulin. Results of this study suggest that based on their bioactivity, porcine collagen peptides could be promising candidates for biomaterials.
Correlation among CD4+CD25+ T Cell Frequency, CTLA-4 Expression Level, and Disease Progression in Patients with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Xia Shi Chang , Wu Yan Ling , Ding Yan Ping , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Chen Lei
Published: August 2013

Objective: To investigate the correlation among CD4+CD25+ Treg cell frequency, CTLA-4 expression level in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and disease progression of HIV/AIDS patents. Methods: Fifty HIV/AIDS-positive samples were confirmed by both Zhejiang Provincial and Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Ten samples of healthy volunteers were randomly selected as controls. Immune cells were counted using a flow cytometer (FACS), and the expression level of CTLA-4 mRNA analyzed using RT-PCR. Results: CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in PBMC of HIV/AIDS patients were markedly higher than those of healthy volunteers£ ̈P = 0.04j, and CTLA-4 mRNA was highly expressed in the CD4+CD25+ Treg subpopulation (P = 0.002), compared to healthy adults as well as AIDS patients treated with HAART. Conclusion: CTLA-4 expressed on CD4+CD25+ Treg cells can be a specific marker of the progression of HIV/AIDS, and the inhibitory receptor may play an important role in the regulation and pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS.
Preparation of Green Nanosilver by Ascorbic Acid and its Spectral Properties
Authors: Luo Yang He , Wang Chun Ming , Yin Wen Qing , Liang Ai Hui
Published: August 2013

In the presence of stabilizer of citrate and room temperature, stable green nanosilver sol was prepared by reduction of AgNO3by ascorbic acid. It was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectroscopy, laser scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that the nanosilver sol exhibited a RRS peak at 496 nm, a strong absorption peak at 414 nm and the particle size is 12 nm.
A Survey on Communication Technology of Smart Grid
Authors: Ma You Jie , Jin Pan Long , Zhou Xue Song
Published: August 2013

Modern power grid is an important part of national energy strategy. Smart grid is one of the directions to modernize the electricity grid. Smart grid is the intelligent of power system, It is also known as the grid 2.0.It is based on integrated, high-speed bidirectional communication network ,It use the advanced sensor and measuring technology, use advanced equipment and control method to realize the application of the power grid reliability, safety, economic, efficient, environmental friendly and safety. High speed, bidirectional, real-time, and integrated communication system is the foundation and key point when monitoring and control smart grid. So How to improve the communication technology is very important.
High Active Cu/SiO2 Catalyst Prepared by Hydrolysis-Polymerization Method for 2-Butanol Dehydrogenation
Authors: Hu Yun Feng , Cai Jun , Jiang Guang Shen , Ye Feng Ping , Wei Zhong Yu , Deng Jun
Published: August 2013

Cu/SiO2 catalyst by using Na2SiO3 as the silicon source, and the catalytic activity for 2-butanol dehydrogenation was compared with the conventional traditional industrial catalysts (Cu/Al and Cu/Zn). The catalysts were characterized by FTIR and XRD. The copper hydrosilicate was detected as the main phase in the dried sample. Cu2O was detected in reduced sample, and can effectively prevent Cu0 to forming big size particle. The Cu/SiO2 catalyst compared with Cu/Al and Cu/Zn presented a much higher activity and stability in 2-butanol dehydrogenation process.
Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Toluene to Benzoic Acid over Manganese Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Li Xiao Qiang , Yang Long Fei
Published: August 2013

Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) catalyst was prepared by decomposition method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). Catalytic activity of Mn3O4 was tested by the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid with molecular oxygen in liquid-phase and solvent free conditions. As a result, 45% conversion of toluene and 91% selectivity of benzoic acid was achieved. It is proved that Mn3O4 catalyst can use several runs without decrease of activity.
Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure of Semi-Solid AZ61 Slurry Produced via Ultrasonic Vibration Process
Authors: Yao Jun Ping , Sun Zhong , Long Wen Yuan , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2013

The semi-solid metal (SSM) processing, including thixoforming and rheocasting, offers the opportunity to manufacture net-shaped components with complicated shape and good mechanical properties. More and more researches have been focused on rheocasting in recent years because of its low cost and high productivity [1,. Rheocasting involves stirring the solidifying alloy to prepare non-dendritic semisolid slurry, then shaping the slurry directly. Ultrasonic vibration (USV) has the potential to be a simple and effective process to produce semisolid metal slurry. Previous investigations have revealed that when USV is applied on the solidifying melt, microstructure changes occur involving grain refinement, increased homogeneity, reduced micro-segregation as well as degassing [3-.
Finite Element Method Simulation of Induction Heating for a Large Marine Crankshaft
Authors: Fu Shu Man , Wu Zi Yue , Cao Shou Qi
Published: August 2013

Shrink fit is an important method used to connect mechanical parts but less studied by three-dimensional finite element method. Based on the theories of induction heating and thermal conductivity, we established a three-dimensional FEM. The model included the induction coil, crank throw and air. The pattern of temperature field distribution during the period of induction heating were numerically simulated with software ANSYS .The simulation showed that, crank throw can obtain a uniform temperature field around the hole after induction heating .As a result, the crankshaft reaches a highquality shrinkage fitting, manifesting the feasibility of the application of induction heating to the crankshaft shrinkage fitting.
Study on Design Parameters of Wind Turbine Tower
Authors: Zhang Li Jun , Sun Ming Gang
Published: August 2013

The tower is the main supporting structure of wind turbine, is connected with the foundation and bears the long-term effects of wind load and gravity load and so on. The structural styles of wind turbine tower are analyzed. The lowest height of tower is presented and the relationship of the tower height and diameter of the wind wheel is also studied in detail in this paper. By analyzing the natural frequency and the vibration displacement of wind turbine tower system, the reasonable resonance vibration interval of tower system is also obtained.
A Refined Mesh Generation Method for Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Geometry of Casting
Authors: Jiang Zi Lin , Zhou Jian Xin , Yin Ya Jun
Published: August 2013

A grid generation method for the three-dimensional arbitrary complex geometry of casting is introduced for the foundry simulation. The approach of a STL (STereo Lithography) model from CAD to a distance field is described in detail. The mesh generated by this approach is based on a fully threaded tree and refined at specific positions according to the distance field. This algorithm may make the mesh become fine at the surface and coarse inside. Several examples are provided to validate this algorithm.
Analysis of HPDC Process with Automobile Part (Oil Pan) by CAE Simulation
Authors: Seo Kwang Kyu , Kwon Hong Kyu
Published: August 2013

In this research, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation was performed by using the simulation software (AnyCasting) in order to optimize casting design of an automobile part (Oil Pan_7G9E) which is well known and complicated to achieve a good casting layout. The simulation results were analyzed and compared carefully in order to apply them into the production die-casting mold. During the filling process, internal porosities caused by air entrap were predicted and reduced remarkably by the modification of the gate system and the configuration of overflow. With the solidification analysis, internal porosities caused by the solidification shrinkage were predicted and reduced by the modification of the gate system.
Design of Multi-Function Hydraulic Clampfor Removing Barriers
Authors: Xie Lei
Published: August 2013

In order to solve the problems in the process of removing barriers, a new type multi-function hydraulic clamp for removing barriers was developed. It is equipped with hydraulic power system. Rack and pinion engagement transfers power and performs movement, which can easily achieve functions of clamping, cutting and expansion. It has characteristics of small size and light weight. Because of this, it is a practical tool in the situation of no power supply or small space after earthquake disaster.
Differential Shear-Compression Theory of Solids Conveying in Vane Extruder
Authors: Xu Yi She , Guo Xiong Hua , Kang Hui Mei
Published: August 2013

Based on the study of the solids conveying in the vane extruder, a new concept of the differential shear-compression theory is presented. The objective existing of shear and compressive forces is proved by the mathematical method. And the exerted force is proved to be depended on the compression displacement and the differential of compression speed when solid materials are transported in the solids conveying zone of the vane extruder at any moment. Because of the rotor eccentricity to the stator, a conveying mathematical model between the thickness of the material differential laminate and the rotor angle is established. The nonlinear function E(β) andG(β), related to the thickness, density and compactness of materials are obtained through experiment, and the radial force of inner surface of the stator acted on the differential laminate is calculated by the Hooke's law. Based on the torque balance of the material laminate, the force is calculated by integration in the chamber. The finite element analysis of the mathematic model are applied to verify the validity of the differential shear-compression theory, which is also practical to metal material rolling, high pressure double roll crush and other processes with converging geometry.
Design of Combined Helical Blade Manufacturing Device
Authors: Li Zheng Feng , Jiang Li Qiang
Published: August 2013

A new machine is presented in this paper, which is designed to cold draw helical blade. The new machine has characteristics as conserving time and labor, simple to manufacture, strong adaptability and no energy required. It is suitable especially for making helical blades in small amount when repairing helical conveyor. The principle of work and structure of the helical blade manufacturing device is presented, the calculation of cold draw helical expanded blade is also provided.
The Parameter Optimization of the Positive Torque Pumping Machine Model Based on the LabVIEW
Authors: Ma Jun Chi , Yang Gui Hua , He Wei Wei , Liu Kai Xu
Published: August 2013

The parameters of the oil pumping machine model determines its performance and balance rate, A set of good parameters can effectively improve the balance rate of pumping unit. Several oil pumping machine model subroutine has developed and practicaly calculatded through LabVIEW in this study, it was shown that the application of LabVIEW can effectively improve the rate of the pumping machine parameter optimization, provided an effective way for design and improve the positive torque pumping machine.
A Novel Anti-Disturbance Control of PMSM Based on Reduced Torque Observer
Authors: Ma Zhen Shu , Lou Hong Wei , Sun Hua Gang , Xiang Fei Fei
Published: August 2013

A novel anti-disturbance control for permanent magnetic Synchronous Motor (PMSM) based on reduced order load torque observer is proposed to solve the speed ripple problem caused by the external uncertainties like load torque disturbance and parameter variation. Combined with the vector control, the estimation value of the reduced-order torque observer is used as compensation to the q-axis current to improve the dynamic response of the speed. The accuracy of the inertia estimation, the rationality of the reduced order load torque observer and the optimization of the system are verified by the simulation result.