bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Ideology, Ingroup Favoritism, and Conspiratorial Thinking: Patriotism, Nationalism, and COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Zhai Yida , Yan Zheng
Published: March 2022

This article examined the relationship between ideology and conspiratorial thinking and the related mediating effect of ingroup favoritism in a non-Western society. We investigated patriotism and nationalism as two favorable orientations toward national ingroups. We also examined their relationship with the general conspiracy mentality and the specific conspiracy beliefs that have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that conservative ideology was associated with conspiratorial beliefs in China regardless of the specific conspiracy theories related to ingroups or outgroups, which indicates such tendencies may exist universally across cultures. Patriotism was not associated with conspiracy theories about the origin of COVID-19, whereas nationalism was negatively associated with the conspiracy theories about China (an ingroup) and positively associated with conspiracy theories about the US (an outgroup). Moreover, nationalism mediated the relationship between ideology and specific conspiracy beliefs during the pandemic. The general conspiracy mentality did not predict conspiracy theories about the origin of COVID-19. The results indicate that believing conspiracy theories is not only the result of a stable conspiracy mentality but is also influenced by ideology and intergroup relations.
The Interplay Between Supplier-Specific Investments and Supplier Dependence: Do Two Pluses Make a Minus?
Authors: Pulles Niels J. , Ellegaard Chris , Veldman Jasper
Published: March 2022

Supplier resources are critical to the success of downstream firms. The relational view and resource dependence theory predict how supplier-specific investments and supplier dependence make the supplier more willing to allocate its best resources to the focal buyer relative to other buyers. However, these theories are ambiguous regarding the interplay between these two constructs. Specifically, the combination could either create relational synergies that benefit the focal buyer or create a situation in which the supplier reconsiders its resource allocation decisions and potentially allocates its resources to the accounts of other buyers. We investigated these competing views by building on two independent dyadic datasets. We found positive effects for both a buyer's supplier-specific investments and supplier dependence on supplier resource allocation, which is measured as the supplier's allocation of physical and innovation resources to the focal buyer relative to competing buyers. However, we also found evidence that supplier dependence negatively moderates the effect of supplier-specific investments on supplier resource allocation. Hence, the effect of supplier-specific investments weakens when the supplier is dependent on the buyer's business volume. These findings make an important empirical contribution to the literature by clarifying the dual workings of supplier-specific investments and supplier dependence as mechanisms to influence supplier resource allocation. We discuss several implications for the buyer-supplier relationship literature and the broader management literature.
An Antiracist Index for State Level Assessment
Authors: Larson Samantha June
Published: March 2022

In 2020, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security identified white supremacists as the most lethal threat in America. White supremacy is a system rooted in racist policies and ideas that produce and normalize racial inequities. Combatting white supremacism thus requires identification and promotion of antiracist policies, actions, and systemic changes. This study constructs an Antiracist Index comprised of 15 indicators to assess the degree to which American states exhibit antiracist conditions across political, economic, and cultural dimensions. Indices are rank-ordered for all 50 states, from Very High to Very Low scores. Results demonstrate that three indicators—self-defense laws, gun ownership, and support for Black Lives Matter—primarily impact both high and low ranking states. The Antiracism Index thus serves as an exploratory assessment tool which enables state-by-state comparisons, identification of antiracist indicators, and the ability to monitor changes in racism and antiracism moving forward.
The Relationship Between Social Isolation and Mortality Among Adults Aged 50 and Older in a 12-year Follow-Up Analysis in Mexico
Authors: Moreno-Tamayo Karla , Juárez Fatima , Manrique-Espinoza Betty , Mejía-Pailles Gabriela
Published: March 2022

Social relationships have a complex nature shaped mainly by two dimensions: structure and function. Previous research raised the importance of considering both features simultaneously given that they may operate differently. However, research on social relationships and mortality mainly refers to European and U.S. populations. This study examines structural and functional features of social relationships to understand social isolation among adults aged 50 and older in Mexico. In addition, we analyze that association with mortality, using panel data from a 12-year follow-up from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2003–2015). Results reveal that structural and functional features of social relationships are intertwined, and social isolation was shaped by two aspects that we label lack of socialization and being alone and feeling lonely. After controlling for a series of sociodemographic and health variables, Cox proportional hazard regression models indicate that both aspects significantly increase mortality among older adults in Mexico.
Atogepant – an orally-administered CGRP antagonist – attenuates activation of meningeal nociceptors by CSD
Authors: Strassman Andrew M , Melo-Carrillo Agustin , Houle Timothy T , Adams Aubrey , Brin Mitchell F , Burstein Rami
Published: March 2022

Background

This study investigated the mechanism of action of atogepant, a small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonist recently approved for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine, by assessing its effect on activation of mechanosensitive C- and Aδ-meningeal nociceptors following cortical spreading depression.

Methods

Single-unit recordings of trigeminal ganglion neurons (32 Aδ and 20 C-fibers) innervating the dura was used to document effects of orally administered atogepant (5 mg/kg) or vehicle on cortical spreading depression-induced activation in anesthetized male rats.

Results

Bayesian analysis of time effects found that atogepant did not completely prevent the activation of nociceptors at the tested dose, but it significantly reduced response amplitude and probability of response in both the C- and the Aδ-fibers at different time intervals following cortical spreading depression induction. For C-fibers, the reduction in responses was significant in the early phase (first hour), but not delayed phase of activation, whereas in Aδ-fibers, significant reduction in activation was apparent in the delayed phase (second and third hours) but not early phase of activation.

Conclusions

These findings identify differences between the actions of atogepant, a small molecule CGRP antagonist (partially inhibiting both Aδ and C-fibers) and those found previously for fremanezumab, a CGRP-targeted antibody (inhibiting Aδ fibers only) and onabotulinumtoxinA (inhibiting C-fibers only)- suggesting that these agents differ in their mechanisms for the preventive treatment of migraine.
Clinical analysis of 30 cases of cardiac cephalalgia
Authors: Xu Jia , Mao Ningning , Wang Chengze , Feng Jilun , Lian Yajun
Published: March 2022

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics of cardiac cephalalgia and determine whether there is a more suitable alternative criterion.

Method

Patients with cardiac cephalalgia diagnosed and treated from May 2019 to April 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Zhengzhou, China) were prospectively and consecutively collected, their clinical manifestations were analyzed, and compared with the 2018 diagnostic criteria.

Results

A total of 30 patients were collected, including 16 males and 14 females. The onset age ranged from 31 to 84 years old, with a mean of 64.6 ± 11.9 years. Headache was more common in unilateral or bilateral frontotemporal, and the nature of pain includes pulsating, dull, stuffy pain, throbbing and so on. 80.0% were moderate to severe, 70% lasted less than half an hour, 76.6% had chest pain, 70% had chest tightness, 63.3% had sweating, and 36.6% had nausea. After treatment with drugs or coronary angiogenesis, except for one death, headache was fully or partially relieved in 29 patients.

Conclusion

Cardiac cephalalgia is generally located in frontotemporal region, of moderate or severe intensity, with a pulsating or throbbing sensation, abating within 30 minutes, and has a good prognosis. Accompanying chest pain, chest tightness, and sweating should be included in the diagnostic criteria.
Reduction in migraine-associated burden after eptinezumab treatment in patients with chronic migraine
Authors: McAllister Peter , Kudrow David , Cady Roger , Hirman Joe , Ettrup Anders
Published: March 2022

Objective

To examine changes in the occurrence, severity, and symptoms of headache episodes in patients with chronic migraine following eptinezumab treatment.

Methods

PROMISE-2 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial that randomized adults with chronic migraine to eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, or placebo IV every 12 weeks for up to 24 weeks (2 infusions). Headache episodes (migraine and non-migraine) and their characteristics were reported in daily electronic diaries during the 28-day baseline and throughout the 24-week treatment period.

Results

A total of 1072 patients were included in this post hoc analysis. Mean monthly headache days decreased by 8.9 (100 mg) and 9.7 (300 mg) compared to a 7.3 decrease in placebo over the first 4-week interval post initial dose and reductions were maintained throughout the 24-week treatment period. Mean monthly headache episodes also decreased by 8.4 (100 mg) and 9.0 (300 mg) compared to a decrease of 7.1 with placebo. The proportion of headache episodes that were migraine attacks decreased by 11.2% (100 mg), 12.4% (300 mg), and 3.9% (placebo), and among remaining headaches decreases in severe pain, nausea, phonophobia, photophobia, and physical activity limitations were numerically greater than placebo.

Conclusions

Patients with chronic migraine treated with eptinezumab decreased the monthly severity and frequency of headache days and episodes more than placebo. Beyond decreased headache frequency, patients treated with eptinezumab reported a reduction in the percent of remaining headache episodes that were migraine attacks, as well as a decrease in burdensome symptoms of headache episodes, indicating additional decreased headache severity after eptinezumab treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02974153; registered November 23, 2016.
Toxicity of benzyl benzoate as a food additive and pharmaceutical agent
Authors: Kılıç Süloğlu Aysun , Koçkaya Evrim A , Selmanoğlu Güldeniz
Published: March 2022

Benzyl benzoate (BB), one of the benzyl derivates, is a component of brown aromatic resin in cinnamon oil and cough syrups and it is widely used in various fields in the perfume, pharmaceutical, and food industries. It is absorbed and hydrolyzed to benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. Two different doses of BB (25 mg kg-1 body weight and 100 mg kg-1 body weight) were orally administered to 5-week old male rats for 90 days. Histopathological, morphological, hematological, and biochemical assays were performed in toxicological evaluations. Initial/final body weights, relative organ weights, and food and water consumptions of rats did not change significantly. There were statistically significant differences in terms of monocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte %, and serum AST levels in control and BB treatment groups. Several histopathological findings were observed in liver, kidney, thymus, prostate, and epididymis tissues of the rats in the treatment groups. Immunohistochemical examinations were also performed in the tissues for fibronectin (FN), type IV collagen, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). Alterations in immunolocalization of these markers were observed between the control and the treatment groups. No changes were detected in the sperm count, daily sperm production, and sperm morphology.
Focal Epilepsy in Children With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Does Vigabatrin Control Focal Seizures?
Authors: Lin Sufang , Liao Jianxiang , Zhao Xia , Hu Yan , Chen Li , Chen Yan , Liu Guosheng , Yao Yi , Su Qiru , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Wen Feiqiu
Published: March 2022

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of vigabatrin in focal epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis complex by retrospectively reviewing patients with focal epilepsy and tuberous sclerosis complex treated with vigabatrin at a pediatric epilepsy center over an 8-year period. Of 85 patients, 20 (23.5%) were seizure-free for >12 months, 45 (52.9%) were responders (≥50% seizure reduction), and 20 (23.5%) were nonresponders. The median age (in months) at seizure onset in the seizure-free group (median, 15; interquartile range [IQR], 6-23.3) was higher than that of responders (median, 5; IQR, 3-14) and nonresponders (median, 6; IQR, 2-12). Fewer patients in the seizure-free group had calcification in their largest tubers, but the presence of tuber calcification did not differ among groups. Vigabatrin is more likely to result in seizure freedom in children with tuberous sclerosis complex who have later infantile onset of focal seizures and no calcification in their largest tuber.
Effect of surgeon experience on technical efficiency
Authors: Nakata Yoshinori , Watanabe Yuichi , Otake Hiroshi
Published: March 2022

Surgeon experience certainly improves their technical efficiency although it also causes physiological changes with aging. The authors hypothesized that surgeons’ technical efficiency improves with increasing experience up to a point where it then decreases, which is a concave relationship. The authors collected data from all the surgical procedures performed at University Hospital from April through September in 2013–19. The dependent variable was defined as surgeons’ technical efficiency scores that were calculated using output-oriented Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes model of data envelopment analysis. Inputs were defined as (1) the number of assistants and (2) the duration of surgical operation. The output was defined as the surgical fee for each surgery. Surgeon experience was defined as the number of years since medical school graduation. Five control variables were selected: surgical volume, gender, academic rank, surgical specialty, and the year of surgery. Multiple regression analysis using pooled and random-effects Tobit models was performed for our panel data. Totally 20,375 surgical procedures performed by 264 surgeons in 42 months were analyzed. The coefficients of experience and the square of experience were not significantly different from zero. The other coefficients were also insignificant. Surgeons’ technical efficiency does not have a concave relationship with experience.
Removing adverse effect of measurement process in flotation method
Authors: Zhu Rui , Fei Qingguo , Jiang Dong
Published: March 2022

Ground simulation of space quasi-zero gravity environment is essential in modal testing of space structures. The air flotation method is widely used, in which the air cushion unit is attached to the measured structure. This inevitably increases the total mass of the structure to be tested and leads to the incorrect prediction of modal parameters. And irregular airflow disturbances of the air cushion unit also have negative effects on the test. The fast elimination method is presented to remove the adverse impact in the test data based on measured frequency response functions. Numerical simulations are performed employing the magnetometer structure. Results show that this method effectively removes the adverse mass and the airflow effect.
Soft one-class extreme learning machine for turboshaft engine fault detection
Authors: Zhao Yong-Ping , Huang Gong
Published: March 2022

One-class extreme learning machine (OC-ELM) is a very common one-class classification algorithm. In the process of constructing the OC-ELM, a part of training samples will be removed by the algorithm, which leads to inconsistency between its constraint condition and decision function, and is also known as the problem of hard margin flaw. In order to solve this problem, a soft one-class extreme learning machine (SOC-ELM) is proposed by assigning an appropriate margin to each training sample. Experimental results on benchmark data sets show that SOC-ELM has a strong classification performance. When the SOC-ELM is used for fault detection of a turboshaft engine, it can achieve good detection effectiveness and has strong robustness.
Tensile fatigue behaviour and life distribution model of the pultruded fibre reinforced composites
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Jianlin , Jiang Wenchun
Published: March 2022

Pultruded fibre reinforced composite (PFRC) can be used in oil drilling because of the corrosion resistance and energy conservation. The studies of fatigue behaviour and life distribution model are essential to the design and application of PFRC. In this paper, the tensile fatigue behaviour of PFRC was studied by the experiment combining with the acoustic emission technology, and the fatigue life distribution model is established to explore the distribution characteristics of fatigue life. The results show that, the fatigue load level has little effect on the failure modes of PFRC, and the matrix damage occurred firstly followed by the appearance of the delamination and the fibre damage. The proposed fatigue life distribution model can accurately describe the three stages of the fatigue life curve, and can well predict the fatigue life under different survival rates.
Understanding Parental School Choice in Varied Socio-economic Milieus: A Case Study of a Village in Punjab
Authors: Narwana Kamlesh , Gill Angrej Singh
Published: March 2022

With the upsurge of private schools, parents are struggling with a variety of schooling options. Given the exclusionary nature of privatisation, the market has led to the reproduction of social inequality amidst a plurality of choice. By mapping the school choice process, the article aims to explore school choice in the varied socio-economic milieu in a village in Punjab. Based on the qualitative data collected with the help of semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), the study draws linkages between the determinants of school choice and the positionality of parents. The findings of the study dissect the simple yet complex process of school choice along common factors, that is, teachers, quality of education, learning environment, English education and private tutoring. Drawing upon the nuanced analysis of these factors with parental socio-economic background, the study argues that it is important to understand the varied expectations, aspirations and challenges of parents from diverse sections to comprehend the school choice process.
Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Presenting With Neonatal Cholestasis
Authors: Khemka Priti , Pal Priyankar
Published: March 2022

When a baby presents with cholestasis, we usually proceed to rule out surgical causes and investigate for causes of neonatal hepatitis, like TORCH infections, metabolic disorders, and so on. Here, we present a case of a neonate with conjugated jaundice and thrombocytopenia who had an unusual cause of cholestasis.
End-of-Life Decisions of Intracranial Hemorrhage Patients Successfully Weaned From Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Huang Chienhsiu , Wu Tsung-Hsien , Chen Jin-Cherng
Published: March 2022

Factors related to the end-of-life decisions of patients with intracranial hemorrhage who were successfully weaned from prolonged mechanical ventilation remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate factors that influence the end-of-life decisions of these patients. Methods: This retrospective study examined patients with intracranial hemorrhage successfully weaned from prolonged mechanical ventilation between January 2012 and December 2017. The following data was collected and analyzed: age, gender, comorbidities, Glasgow Coma Scale scores, receipt or non-receipt of intracranial hemorrhage surgery, discharge status, and end-of-life decisions.Results: In total, 91 patients with intracranial hemorrhage were successfully weaned from prolonged mechanical ventilation. The families of 62 (68.1%) patients signed the do-not-resuscitate order. A Glasgow Coma Scale score of ≥10 at discharge from the respiratory care center and zero comorbidities were the influencing factors between patients whose do-not-resuscitate orders were signed and those whose orders were not signed. Patients with intracranial hemorrhage successfully weaned from prolonged mechanical ventilation had chronic kidney disease comorbidity and Glasgow Coma Scale score of <7 on admission to respiratory care center with a general ward mortality rate of 83.3%.Conclusions: The families of intracranial hemorrhage patients with multiple comorbidities and higher neurologic impairment after successful weaning from the ventilator believed that palliative therapy would provide a greater benefit. Patients with intracranial hemorrhage successfully weaned from prolonged mechanical ventilation with chronic kidney disease comorbidity and Glasgow Coma Scale score of <7 on admission to respiratory care center are candidates for the consideration of hospice care with ventilator withdrawal.
Development of a non-local approach for life prediction of notched specimen considering stress/strain gradient and elastic-plastic fatigue damage
Authors: Gao Tongzhou , Tong Yang , Zhan Zhixin , Mei Weiwei , Hu Weiping , Meng Qingchun
Published: March 2022

In this study, a non-local approach is developed for the fatigue life prediction of notched specimens, considering stress/strain gradient and elastic-plastic fatigue damage. The damage coupled constitutive models are presented to model the mechanical behavior of material. The critical plane method and triaxiality factor are employed to determine the location of the couple point. The gradient values of mechanical quantities are then computed, and the modified coefficients in damage models are acquired. The numerical simulations are implemented to compute the damage evolution process and predict fatigue life. Meanwhile, the coupling effects between stress field and damage field are considered. The predicted results are verified by experimental data, and also compared with the local method. Finally, the influence of stress concentration factor, shape of notch, and cyclic variation of stress/strain gradient are further investigated.
What Does Your I-deal Say About Me? A Social Comparison Examination of Coworker Reactions to Flexibility I-deals
Authors: Van Waeyenberg Thomas , Brebels Lieven , De Winne Sophie , Marescaux Elise
Published: March 2022

We focus on the implications of flexibility i-deals, that is, individually negotiated employment conditions regarding when, where and/or how to work, for i-dealers’ coworkers. Drawing on social comparison theory, we examine how coworkers’ attributions regarding the basis for flexibility i-deals (i.e., needs or performance) and perceptions of procedural fairness concerning the allocation of flexibility i-deals predict the display of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) via feelings of competence. The results, based on two independent and complementary studies ( n 1 =260; n 2=211), are consistent with our hypothesized moderated-mediation model. Whereas need attributions are positively related to competence feelings and subsequent OCB, performance attributions are negatively related to these variables. The effects are more pronounced at high than at low levels of procedural fairness. This suggests that fair procedures do not always benefit coworker reactions as they can enlarge the negative impact of performance attributions on feelings of competence and subsequent OCB. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the explanatory mechanisms by revealing that the attribution (needs vs. performance) drives opposing social comparisons (downward vs. upward, respectively) and that procedural fairness can increase coworkers’ felt personal accountability for these comparisons, thereby triggering a matching emotional response. Our results show that flexibility i-deals can have a bright side, but also a dark side, depending upon the basis and fairness of the allocation. As such, they enrich the academic conversation about the effectiveness of flexibility i-deals and guide practitioners.
Study of the multi-excitation decoupling optimization method for the integrated structure of a high-resolution optical satellite
Authors: Yang Lin , Wang Yan-song
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the sensitive frequency band for distortion and blurring phenomena of the in-orbit satellite is studied and the results are supplements for existing studies and can provide an important reference for the study of micro-vibration. To contain the large-amplitude and micro-vibration excitation response in this sensitive frequency band, a multi-excitation decoupling optimization method is proposed for the integrated structure of high-resolution optical satellites. First, the equivalent dynamics models of the satellite with and without an vibration isolator are established. By deriving the functional relationship between satellite bus stiffness, vibration isolator stiffness, and vibration isolation efficiency, the design objectives can be decoupled and assigned to the vibration isolator and satellite bus in a more cost-effective way, respectively, while maintaining a low computation volume of the multi-objective and multi-variable system optimization. Then, the satellite system is optimized with the objectives of minimizing the large-amplitude vibration response in the launch phase and the micro-vibration response in the orbital operation phase using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm. Finally, the design is verified by ground experiments that it can fully achieve required technical parameters under multiple vibration excitations. This method has certain reference value for the design of complex structural systems of high-resolution satellites.
Application of asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function using ADRC approach for development of autonomous vehicle lateral control
Authors: Parkash Aman , Swarup Akhilesh
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a control scheme for performance improvement in lane-keeping activity of autonomous vehicle, within guaranteed specified deviations. Such feature will provide better and safe maneuvering for autonomous vehicle. The proposed control scheme consists of Asymmetric Barrier Lyapunov Function (ABLF) based backstepping method for ensuring stability and constraints satisfaction. Since autonomous vehicle dynamics is subjected to unknown disturbances and also the states, it has been shown that the vehicle performance can be improved by the application of Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) which uses the Extended State Observer (ESO). For the proposed control scheme, the asymptotic stability and convergence of error dynamics have been established. The simulation results have been presented to illustrate the performance robustness and accuracy provided by the proposed control scheme. Further, it has been show that the vehicle motion performance is better in comparison to the performances obtained from two existing control methods.
Between Sanctity and Real Life: Child Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church in Spain
Authors: Tamarit Josep Maria , Balcells Marc
Published: March 2022

This research assessed clergymen perceptions of child sexual abuse in Catalonia (Spain) and identified elements pointing toward anomie and a discourse linked to the neutralization of the perpetrators’ criminal responsibility. The study included 20 interviews from diocesan priests and members of religious congregations, who highlighted the impact of sexual abuse on clergy, the plurality of sensitivities, the existence of discourses tending to idealization, the presence of neutralization techniques and the existence of an institutionalized and persistent anomie within the Catholic Church. This research concluded that the problem of child sexual abuse is related to both individual (such as loneliness, among others) and institutional aspects (for example, selection and training of future clergymen, among others). To reduce the tension existing between cultural goals and institutional means, institutional reforms are necessary in terms of reviewing and de-consecrating cultural goals and improving adaptation of institutional means, while also focusing on supporting clerics and reducing loneliness. A debate needs to be normalized inside the Church, related to moralism, clerical power, and celibacy, among others.
Wave propagation in a non-linearly elastic bar with phase transformations
Authors: Zhu Pingping , Zhong Zheng
Published: March 2022

There exist considerable difficulties in studying the wave propagation problems of the kind of phase transforming materials with non-monotone material responses due to the lack of uniqueness of solution for a moving phase boundary. An admissibility condition, which is named the Maxwell equal-area criterion, was established from a three-dimensional (3D) internal-variable formulation in the previous study to supplement the one-dimensional (1D) dynamical system of the bars/rods made of the special materials to determine the phase boundary uniquely. In this paper, we employ this criterion to investigate the wave propagation in the bar made of the special kind of phase transforming materials, which are associated with trilinear non-monotone stress–strain responses. The Riemann problem for different boundary states that arises from wave encounters are analyzed by the method of wave curves. Based on the construction of the Riemann solution, we explicitly study the wave propagation in a semi-infinite bar under an impulsive stress impact to explore the dynamical features of the special materials. The wave structures in the entire spatial and temporal domain for two different impact levels are obtained, as well as the state profiles. Detailed analyses and discussions of the wave patterns and wave encounters occurring during the wave propagation process are given for a deep understanding of dynamical phase transitions of the materials. These results are further compared with those obtained using the artificially adopted maximal dissipation rate criterion. The similarities and differences are discussed. The comparisons further confirmed that the special phase transforming material can be used for designing wave-absorption/impact-protection devices.
Effects of Soy Milk in Conjunction With Resistance Training on Physical Performance and Skeletal Muscle Regulatory Markers in Older Men
Authors: Bijeh Nahid , Mohammadnia-Ahmadi Mohsen , Hooshamnd-Moghadam Babak , Eskandari Mozhgan , Golestani Fateme
Published: March 2022

Purpose: We aimed to determine the effects of 12 weeks of soy milk consumption combined with resistance training (RT) on body composition, physical performance, and skeletal muscle regulatory markers in older men. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 60 healthy elderly men (age = 65.63 ± 3.16 years) were randomly assigned to four groups: resistance training (RT; n =  15), soy milk consumption (SMC; n  =  15), resistance training + soy milk (RSM; n = 15), and control (CON; n  =  15) groups. The study was double-blind for the soy milk/placebo. Participants in RT and RSM groups performed resistance training (3 times/week) for 12 weeks. Participants in the SMC and RSM groups consumed 240 mL of soy milk daily. Body composition [body mass (BM), body fat percent (BFP), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and fat mass (FM)], physical performance [upper body strength (UBS), lower body strength (LBS), VO2max, upper anaerobic power, lower anaerobic power, and handgrip strength], and serum markers [follistatin, myostatin, myostatin-follistatin ratio (MFR), and growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11)] were evaluated before and after interventions. Results: All 3 interventions significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum follistatin concentrations (RT = 1.7%, SMC = 2.9%, RSM = 7.8%) and decreased serum myostatin (RT = −1.3% SMC = −5.4%, RSM = −0.5%) and GDF11 concentrations (RT = −1.4%, SMC = −1.4%, RSM = -9.0%), and MFR (RT = −2.6%, SMC = −3.2%, RSM = −12%). In addition, we observed significant reduction in all 3 intervention groups in BFP (RT = −3.6%, SMC = −1.4%, RSM = −6.0%), WHR (RT = −2.2%, SMC = −2.1%, RSM = −4.3%), and FM (RT = −9.6%, SMC = −3.8%, RSM = −11.0%). Moreover, results found significant increase only in RT and RSM groups for muscle mass (RT = 3.8% and RSM = 11.8%), UBS (RT = 10.9% and RSM = 21.8%), LBS (RT = 4.3% and RSM = 7.8%), upper anaerobic power (RT = 7.8% and RSM = 10.3%), and lower anaerobic power (RT = 4.6% and RSM = 8.9%). Handgrip strength were significantly increased in all 3 intervention groups (RT = 7.0%, SMC = 6.9%, RSM = 43.0%). VO2max significantly increased only in RSM (1.7%) after 12 weeks of intervention. Additionally, significant differences were observed between the changes for all variables in the RSM group compared to RT, SMC, and CON groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There were synergistic effects of soy milk and RT for skeletal muscle regulatory markers, body composition, and physical performance. Results of the present study support the importance of soy milk in conjunction with RT for older men.
Emergency medical care for multiple sclerosis: A five-year population study in the Campania Region (South Italy)
Authors: Moccia Marcello , Affinito Giuseppina , Ronga Bruno , Giordana Roberta , Fumo Maria Grazia , Lanzillo Roberta , Petracca Maria , Carotenuto Antonio , Triassi Maria , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Palladino Raffaele
Published: March 2022

Background:

Emergency hospital admissions are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), and can highlight unmet medical needs.

Objectives:

To evaluate burden, predictors and outcomes of MS emergency admissions.

Methods:

This is a population-based study, conducted in the Campania Region (South Italy) from 2015 to 2019, using hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions and outpatients. The risk of emergency hospital admissions and the likelihood of worse outcomes were evaluated using the Cox regression and multinomial logistic regression models, respectively, in relation to age, sex, disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), comorbidities and adherence.

Results:

We recorded 1225 emergency admissions for 1001 patients (out of 5765 prevalent MS patients), overall costing 4,143,764.67 EUR. The risk of emergency admissions increased with age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.03; p < 0.01) and comorbidities (HR = 1.62; p < 0.01), and decreased in patients using DMTs (interferon beta/peg-interferon beta/glatiramer acetate HR = 0.19; p < 0.01; teriflunomide/dimethyl-fumarate/fingolimod HR = 0.18; p < 0.01, and alemtuzumab/cladribine/natalizumab/ocrelizumab HR = 0.21; p < 0.01), and with higher adherence (HR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.13, 0.26; p < 0.01). Following emergency admission, older age was associated with probability of death ( n = 63) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06; p < 0.01) and discharge to long-term facility ( n = 65) (OR = 1.03; p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

With 17% people with MS requiring emergency medical care over 5 years, improved management of DMTs and comorbidities could potentially reduce their medical, social and financial burden.
Influence of emotional intelligence on glycemic control in adolescents with diabetes type 1
Authors: Baszyńska–Wilk Marta , Wysocka-Mincewicz Marta , Pietrusińska-Nunziati Joanna , Świercz Anna , Moszczyńska Elżbieta , Szalecki Mieczysław
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Psychological factors can have a significant impact on diabetes control. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between emotional intelligence and glycemic control in type one diabetes (T1D) adolescents.

Material and methods

This prospective study enrolled 97 consecutive children admitted to our department and aged 15 to 17 with T1D. The Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire INTE was used to measure emotional intelligence. The results were correlated with a glycemic control status, measured by current and mean (since the diagnosis of T1D, minimum four tests per year) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). An additional questionnaire collected the demographic and social data.

Results

Our study found a significant, negative correlation between HbA1c level and the ability to utilize emotions to support thinking and actions (Factor I of the INTE questionnaire). There was no significant correlation between emotional intelligence General Score or Factor II (the ability to recognize emotions) and glycemic control.

Conclusions

A higher ability to utilize emotions to support thinking and actions positively correlates with metabolic control in the adolescent population with T1D. The appropriate emotional intelligence training and better psychological care may improve the metabolic outcomes of children with T1D. This merits further study.
Ranking of ground motions destructive capacity for low- and middle-rise RC frame structures based on a comprehensive intensity measure
Authors: Hu Jinjun , Lai Qinghui , Liu Bali , Xie Lili
Published: March 2022

To quantitatively evaluate the destructive capacity of ground motions for Chinese seismic design, a method to rank the ground motion based on a new comprehensive intensity measure is proposed. A total of 5535 ground motions from NGA-West2 database were used as the input ground motions for dynamic time history analysis to four typical reinforced concrete structures. By performing correlation analysis on the ground motion intensity measures (IMs) and structural response parameters, two optimal IMs, including the peak ground velocity and the relative input energy, are first selected to represent the damage capacity of ground motion. Through regression analysis, a new comprehensive IM is proposed to quantitatively describe the destructive capacity of ground motions. Then based on the proposed comprehensive intensity measure, all ground motions are ranked from first to last. Finally, the comparison with other methods proves the feasibility of the proposed ranking method in quantitatively describing the destructive capacity of ground motions.
Exploring the validity of identifying care home residents through a new national register
Authors: Kristensen Gitte S. , Wolff Donna L. , Søndergaard Jens , Andersen-Ranberg Karen , Mogensen Christian B.
Published: March 2022

Aims:

Identifying permanent care home residents in Denmark by national registers is subject to error. The current register-based method has a sensitivity of 87% and a positive predictive value of 57%. The Danish National Health Data Authority has generated a new register named Care Home Data (in Danish: Plejehjemsdata) to increase the quality of register-based studies on care home residents. This study aimed to investigate the validity of Care Home Data.

Methods:

We generated the gold standard by retrieving information from the four municipalities of Southern Jutland on all individuals living permanently in a care home facility in 2019. Care Home Data generates information on care home residents by pairing addresses of every apartment in Danish care home facilities with the addresses of Danish citizens. The agreement between Care Home Data and the gold standard was analysed by calculating the sensitivity and positive predictive value.

Results:

According to the municipalities, a total of 2081 individuals resided permanently in care home facilities in Southern Jutland in 2019 (gold standard). Care Home Data identified 2128 permanent care home residents; of which 2019 individuals were identified by both the municipalities and Care Home Data (true positives); 62 individuals were not identified by Care Home Data (false negatives), and 109 individuals identified by Care Home Data did not appear in data from the municipalities (false positives). This gave a sensitivity of Care Home Data of 97.0% and a positive predictive value of 94.9%.

Conclusions:

Care Home Data is a much improved tool for identifying citizens permanently residing in care homes with very high sensitivity and positive predictive value.
Soliton wave solutions of ion-acoustic waves a cold plasma with negative ions
Authors: Zhao Dexu , Lu Dianchen , Salama Samir A , Yongphet Piyaphong , Khater Mostafa MA
Published: March 2022

This article investigates the computational complex wave solutions of the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation combined with an adverse order of the Korteweg–de Vries model. This model was derived in 2017, where the recursion and inverse recursion operators are employed to select the integrable merged MKdV with a negative MKdV model. This integrable property is tested utilizing the Painlevé property. Verosky gave the description and properties of the opposing order recursion operator. We handle this model by implementing eleven contemporary techniques. We obtain a novel formula of complex solitary wave solutions for this model. Complex solitary wave solutions describe wave propagation, and it is also considered more mathematically concise tools to explain more details about the physical properties of models. The main goals of our paper are a comparison between these methods and introducing a novel modified method. All solutions are checked for accuracy by putting them back into the model via two different software (Maple 17 and Mathematica 12).
Paternalistic leadership, employee creativity, and retention: The role of psychological empowerment
Authors: Gyamerah Samuel , He Zheng , Asante Dennis , Ampaw Enock Mintah , Gyamerah Emmanuel Etto Doudu
Published: March 2022

Drawing upon the cognitive evaluation theory, this study examined the relationship among the three dimensions of paternalistic leadership, namely, authoritarianism, benevolence, and morality on both employee creativity and intention to stay. Data from 344 subordinates and 132 leaders/supervisors were collected from 32 SMEs in the manufacturing industry of Ghana. The findings of the study revealed that while authoritarian leadership has a negative relationship with creativity, benevolent leadership impacts positively on both creativity and intention to stay. No significant relationship was recorded between moral leadership and creativity, as well as authoritarian leadership and intention to stay. Moreover, psychological empowerment was found to mediate the relationship among benevolent leadership, creativity, and intention to stay, as well as between moral leadership and intention to stay. The study provides a fresh practical and theoretical perspective on the underlying mechanism pertaining to the relationship among paternalistic leadership, creativity, and intention to stay.
Childhood perspectives of parental young onset dementia: A qualitative data synthesis
Authors: Blake Cathal , Hopper Louise
Published: March 2022

Background

While it is less common, young onset dementia manifests at a significantly younger age (< 65). Many people with young onset dementia are parents; however, little is known about impact of the condition on children and young adults. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted to synthesise the literature on the perspectives of children and young adults with a parent living with young onset dementia.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched in order to identify all peer-reviewed literature in relation to the perspectives of children and young adults with a parent living with young onset dementia. A thematic analysis was conducted on the relevant literature.

Results

The electronic database search resulted in 15 full texts articles. Four main themes with related subthemes emerged from the thematic analysis. The four main themes were: changing family dynamics; psychological and physical strain; stigma and coping strategies.

Conclusion

The current synthesis outlines the perspectives of children and young adults with a parent living with young onset dementia. There is a significant lack of research in this area which adds to the stereotypical view of dementia as an older person’s disease. This can lead to children and young adults being impacted by lack of awareness and stigma resulting in significant psychosocial problems. As the number of people living with dementia (including young onset) is set to increase, future research with children and young adults with a parent with young onset dementia is important in order to better support this cohort.
Communication in dementia care: Experiences and needs of carers
Authors: Nguyen Hoang , Eccleston Claire EA , Doherty Kathleen Veronica , Jang Sunny , McInerney Fran
Published: March 2022

To ensure the well-being, quality of life and quality of care of people living with dementia, carers need to have the necessary communication knowledge and skills to respond appropriately to a person’s changing abilities and needs. Understanding carers’ communication experiences and needs in the context of dementia care is an important step in enabling effective education and support for carers. This study aimed to investigate communication challenges faced by carers and their coping strategies, influencing factors, and communication education and training needs. The sample involved 258 carers enrolled in an online dementia care program, and data were collected using a 16-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric inferential statistics, including Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman’s rho, were used to analyse the data. The participants reported experiencing a range of challenges in communicating with people living with dementia and employing various strategies in addressing these challenges, either independently or with the support of others. Improvements in a number of factors would be beneficial for carers, including more time for caring, more care and social support, as well as enhanced skills in communicating with people living with dementia. A large majority of the participants indicated their need for education or training in communication knowledge and skills, and those with higher learning needs were likely to be younger, care workers and other health professionals, and those with less care experience. Recommendations are made for future research and efforts to maximise effective education and support for carers of people living with dementia.