bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age at Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associations With Cardiovascular and Mortality Risks
Authors: Sattar Naveed , Rawshani Araz , Franzén Stefan , Rawshani Aidin , Svensson Ann-Marie , Rosengren Annika , McGuire Darren K. , Eliasson Björn , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia
Published: April 2019

Background:

Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality for patients with versus without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) appears to vary by the age at T2DM diagnosis, but few population studies have analyzed mortality and CVD outcomes associations across the full age range.

Methods:

With use of the Swedish National Diabetes Registry, everyone with T2DM registered in the Registry between 1998 and 2012 was included. Controls were randomly selected from the general population matched for age, sex, and county. The analysis cohort comprised 318 083 patients with T2DM matched with just <1.6 million controls. Participants were followed from 1998 to 2013 for CVD outcomes and to 2014 for mortality. Outcomes of interest were total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, noncardiovascular mortality, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. We also examined life expectancy by age at diagnosis. We conducted the primary analyses using Cox proportional hazards models in those with no previous CVD and repeated the work in the entire cohort.

Results:

Over a median follow-up period of 5.63 years, patients with T2DM diagnosed at ≤40 years had the highest excess risk for most outcomes relative to controls with adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) of 2.05 (1.81–2.33) for total mortality, 2.72 (2.13–3.48) for cardiovascular-related mortality, 1.95 (1.68–2.25) for noncardiovascular mortality, 4.77 (3.86–5.89) for heart failure, and 4.33 (3.82–4.91) for coronary heart disease. All risks attenuated progressively with each increasing decade at diagnostic age; by the time T2DM was diagnosed at >80 years, the adjusted hazard ratios for CVD and non-CVD mortality were <1, with excess risks for other CVD outcomes substantially attenuated. Moreover, survival in those diagnosed beyond 80 was the same as controls, whereas it was more than a decade less when T2DM was diagnosed in adolescence. Finally, hazard ratios for most outcomes were numerically greater in younger women with T2DM.

Conclusions:

Age at diagnosis of T2DM is prognostically important for survival and cardiovascular risks, with implications for determining the timing and intensity of risk factor interventions for clinical decision making and for guideline-directed care. These observations amplify support for preventing/delaying T2DM onset in younger individuals.
In‐Hospital Bleeding Outcomes of Myocardial Infarction in the Era of Warfarin and Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation in the United States: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry
Authors: Feldman Dmitriy N. , Wang Tracy Y. , Chen Anita Y. , Swaminathan Rajesh V. , Kim Luke K. , Wong S. Chiu , Minutello Robert M. , Bergman Geoffrey , Singh Harsimran S. , Madias Christopher
Published: April 2019

Background

We sought to examine patient characteristics, peri‐infarction invasive and pharmacologic management, and in‐hospital major bleeding in myocardial infarction patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, based on home anticoagulant use.

Methods and Results

We stratified patients by home anticoagulant: (1) no anticoagulant, (2) warfarin, and (3) direct oral anticoagulants (
DOAC
s) among ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) and non‐STEMI (NSTEMI) patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter treated at 761
US
hospitals in the ACTION (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network) Registry from January 2015 to December 2016. The primary outcome of our study was in‐hospital major bleeding. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the independent association between home anticoagulant and in‐hospital major bleeding. Among 6471
STEMI
patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, 15.7% were on warfarin and 13.0% on
DOAC
s; among 19 954
NSTEMI
patients, 22.8% were on warfarin and 15.4% on
DOAC
s. In
STEMI
, door‐to‐balloon times were slightly higher in those on anticoagulant, with similar rates of angiography within 24 hours in the 3 groups.
NSTEMI
patients on anticoagulant were less likely to undergo angiography (49.3% no anticoagulant, 33.4% on warfarin, 36.4% on
DOAC
s;
P
<0.01) or percutaneous coronary intervention within 24 hours (21.1% no anticoagulant, 14.3% on warfarin, 15.9% on
DOAC
s;
P
<0.01). After multivariate adjustment, use of home warfarin (odds ratio: 1.00 [95%
CI
, 0.79–1.27] in
STEMI
and 1.13 [95%
CI
, 0.97–1.30] in
NSTEMI
) or
DOAC
(odds ratio: 0.93 [95%
CI
, 0.73–1.20] in
STEMI
and 0.97 [95%
CI
, 0.81–1.16] in
NSTEMI
) was not associated with increased in‐hospital major bleeding compared with no anticoagulant.

Conclusions

In routine clinical practice, home warfarin or
DOAC
therapy is not associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital bleeding compared with no anticoagulant.
Combining Neurovascular and Neurodegenerative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures in Stroke
Authors: Wyss Annick , Dawson Jesse , Arba Francesco , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Dickie David Alexander ,   on behalf of the VISTA-Prevention Collaborators
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—

Individual markers of cerebral small vessel disease and cerebral atrophy explain a small proportion of variance in vascular risk factors and cognitive function. Combining these markers into a single measure of neurovascular and neurodegenerative disease may be more powerful. We assessed this using data contained in the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive - Prevention sub-archive.

Methods—

We extracted white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes from 317 people with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who had baseline magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed progression of volumes in 208 people who had 2-year follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. WMH and CSF volumes were segmented from fluid attenuated inversion recovery and T1 images. The combined neurovascular and neurodegenerative measure was the sum of WMH and CSF volume normalized by intracranial volume. We assessed (1) the relationship between baseline vascular risk factors and imaging markers; and (2) the relationship between baseline imaging markers and Mini-Mental State Examination score at follow-up using multiple linear regression. We also assessed implications for sample size calculations using n=208 participants with follow-up magnetic resonance imaging.

Results—

Vascular risk factors accounted for 7%, 11%, and 12% of the variance in WMH, CSF, and combined volume, respectively (all
P
<0.001). The association between baseline combined volume and 6-month follow-up Mini-Mental State Examination (β=−0.442; SE, 0.07;
P
<0.0001) was 32% greater than WMH (β=−0.302; SE, 0.06;
P
<0.0001) and 12% greater than CSF (β=−0.391; SE, 0.07;
P
<0.0001) alone. The combined volume required between 207 and 3305 (20%) fewer patients per arm than WMH alone to detect reductions of 10% to 40% in volume progression over 2 years.

Conclusions—

A combined neurovascular and neurodegenerative magnetic resonance imaging measure including WMH and CSF volume was more closely related to vascular risk factors and cognitive function than either WMH or CSF volume alone. The combined volume may be a more sensitive measurement for clinical trials.
Glorious Science or “Dead Dog”? Jean de Jandun and the Quarrel over Astrology in Fourteenth-Century Paris
Authors: Nothaft C. Philipp E.
Published: April 2019

This article edits and examines a little-known epistolary treatise datable to 1322, which survives in a fifteenth-century manuscript in the Herzog-August-Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel. The author of this work was engaged in a heated argument with the Parisian philosopher Jean de Jandun over the status and rationality of astrology. Jean’s pro-astrological stance is documented in a letter dated 28 October 1321, which survives for having been appended to the main treatise. In responding to Jean de Jandun’s letter, the author delivered a trenchant critique of astrology grounded almost entirely in philosophical, as opposed to theological, ideas, addressing issues such as empirical evidence, causality, and contingency. The author’s way of pointing out ruptures between astrology and Aristotelian natural philosophy marks him out as an intellectual precursor to the much better-known anti-astrological polemics written later in the same century by Parisian thinkers such as Nicole Oresme and Heinrich von Langenstein.
Stuart Hall and the Intellectual Roots of Critical Media Literacy: A Personal Reflection
Authors: Yousman Bill
Published: April 2019

This essay is a brief reflection on the importance of the work of Stuart Hall to critical media literacy and why that sort of critically engaged approach is more important than ever in the age of Trump.
Viola miaolingensis (Violaceae), a new species from southern China
Authors: CHEN YOU-SHENG
Published: April 2019

A new species of Viola section Adnatae from China are described and illustrated. Viola miaolingensis, from Guangxi, Guizhou and Hunan province, is similar to V. violacea, from which it differs by its spur much shorter and straight, lateral petals distinctly beard, petals obovate-oblong, and flowers white-violet or white-mauve, with purple or violet veins.
Prangos aricakensis (Apiaceae), a new species from eastern Turkey
Authors: BEHÇET LÜTFİ , YAPAR YAKUP , OLGUN ŞÜKRÜ
Published: April 2019

Prangos aricakensis is described and illustrated as a new species from eastern Anatolia (Turkey), where it is known from a single locality in Arıcak (Elazığ) district. Its diagnostic characters are discussed and taxonomic comments are presented. Prangos aricakensis is similar to P. turcica, P. hulusii, P. ilanae and P. trifida, but it differs in hair, leaf, bract, bracteole and fruit characteristics. Fruit and pollen characteristics were investigated using ligth (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data on ecology and IUCN conservation status are also shown.
Revision of the Bahamian cave-fishes of the genus Lucifuga (Ophidiiformes, Bythitidae), with description of a new species from islands on the Little Bahama Bank
Authors: MØLLER PETER R. , SCHWARZHANS WERNER , ILIFFE THOMAS M. , NIELSEN JØRGEN G.
Published: April 2019

Since the description of the Bahamian cave-fish Lucifuga spelaeotes Cohen & Robins, 1970, which was based on two specimens from New Providence Island, the species has been observed and/ or collected several times in marine blue-holes and inland caves on various Bahamian Islands. Hitherto, all Lucifuga records from the Bahamas have been referred to L. spelaeotes, but examination of 50 specimens (42–166 mm SL) collected at 7 different islands showed that two species are represented in the Bahamas: 44 specimens from Berry, New Providence, Eleuthera, Great Exuma and Long Island belong to L. spelaeotes, whereas 6 specimens from Grand Bahama and Abaco Islands are referable to L. lucayana, new species. The new species is here described and compared to the material of L. spelaeotes, which includes specimens from several hitherto unpublished locations. The two species are well separated from the Cuban species in number of caudal finrays (10 vs. 8), size of eye (0.7–1.8 vs. 0.0–0.3 % SL) and number of vertebrae (50–55 vs. 45–48). The Bahamian species differ from each other mainly in head squamation, palatine dentition, number of finrays and pigmentation of the three elongated gill-rakers. Lucifuga lucayana is geographically separated from L. spelaeotes by the deep waters of the Northeast and Northwest Providence Channels.
Aega sheni, a new species of Aegidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoida) from southern China and Australia
Authors: YU HAIYAN , BRUCE NIEL L.
Published: April 2019

Aega sheni sp. nov. from Chinese and Australian waters, is described and figured. This species is characterized by the plate-like expansion of antennule peduncle articles 1 and 2, very large eyes (nearly making contact), numerous robust setae on the inferior margins of the ischium of pereopods 2 and 3, large distal lobe on the propodus of pereopods 1–3, shape and setation of the uropods, and the rounded pleotelson posterior margin. Aega sheni has been recorded at depths of 300–435 metres.
New species of the genus Hyleoglomeris from Korea (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae)
Authors: MIKHALJOVA ELENA V. , LIM KIL-YOUNG
Published: April 2019

Five new species of the millipede genus Hyleoglomeris Verhoeff, 1910 (Glomeridae) are described from South Korea: Hyleoglomeris unicolorata sp. n., H. buana sp. n., H. obscura sp. n., H. confragosa sp. n. and H. alutacea sp. n. Several earlier misidentifications are corrected. All currently known Hyleoglomeris species from Korea are keyed, including new species.
A review of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Yemen
Authors: LELEJ ARKADY S. , VAN HARTEN ANTONIUS
Published: April 2019

Forty species in 19 genera are recorded from Yemen. Three new genera are described: Paglianotilla gen. nov. (type species P. hogenesi sp. nov.), Rasnitsynitilla gen. nov. (type species R. brachyptera sp. nov.), and Vanhartenidia gen. nov. (type species V. felix sp. nov.). Ten new species are described: Arnoldtilla achterbergi sp. nov. (Yemen), Dentilla ehrenbergi sp. nov. (Yemen, Saudi Arabia), P. hogenesi sp. nov. (Yemen), R. brachyptera sp. nov. (Yemen), R. invreai sp. nov. (Yemen), R. schmideggeri sp. nov. (Yemen), V. arabica sp. nov. (Yemen), V. felix sp. nov. (Yemen), V. tihama sp. nov. (Yemen), and Spinulomutilla yemenita sp. nov. (Yemen). Hitherto unknown females are recognized for Arnoldtilla Nonveiller, Omotilla Invrea, and Tropidotilla milmili (Magretti). New synonymy is proposed for Omotilla Invrea 1943 = Conjunctotilla Nonveiller 1996, syn. nov.; Pseudophotopsis aurea (Klug 1829) = Mutilla kassalina Magretti 1898, syn. nov., P. continua arabica Hammer 1962, syn. nov. New status is proposed for Arnoldtilla Nonveiller, Myrmilla rubida Magretti, M. parvula Magretti, Glossotilla djiboutiensis Bischoff, V. kassalana (Bischoff), V. pyrrhospilota (Bischoff). New combination is proposed for: A. bischoffi (Arnold), A. silvestris (Arnold), O. conjuncta (Klug), O. conjunctoides (Magretti), O. grazianii (Invrea), Dentilla arabica (Hammer), V. dives (Smith), V. kassalana (Bischoff), V. pyrrhospilota (Bischoff), V. tricolor (Klug), and V. unguiculata (Magretti). Eleven genera are recorded for the first time from Yemen: Arnoldtilla Nonveiller, Omotilla Invrea, Macromyrme Lelej, Ronisia Costa, Strangulotilla Nonveiller, Tropidotilla Bischoff, Dentilla Lelej, Glossotilla Bischoff, Dentotilla Nonveiller, Spinulomutilla Nonveiller, and Dasylabris Radoszkowski. Seventeen species are recorded for the first time from Yemen: Pseudophotopsis maura Bischoff, P. mascatiana Invrea, Myrmilla parvula Magretti, M. rubida Magretti, T. bellii (Magretti), T. carinulifera Bischoff, T. frontalis (Klug), T. milmili (Magretti), Strangulotilla samharica (Magretti), Ronisia idonea (André), Dentilla testacea (Klug), Glossotilla djiboutiensis Bischoff, Dentotilla auricoma (Bischoff), Dasylabris biblica Invrea, Tricholabiodes niloticus Suárez, T. pedunculatoides Bischoff, and T. sudanensis Suárez. Dentilla testacea (Klug) and Tricholabiodes chloroticus (Gribodo) are recorded for the first time from Saudi Arabia. Tricholabiodes sudanensis Suárez is recorded for the first time from Oman. Glossotilla djiboutiensis Bischoff is recorded for the first time from Eritrea. Keys to eight species of Vanhartenidia and three species of Rasnitsynitilla are given.
Pseudolaguvia ferula, a new species of sisoroid catfish (Teleostei: Erethistidae) from India
Authors: NG HEOK HEE
Published: April 2019

Pseudolaguvia ferula, a new species of erethistid catish, is described from the Brahmaputra River drainage in India. It can be distinguished from congeners in having a terete (vs. depressed) head and body, manifested in the narrower head width (17.1–19.1% SL vs. 19.4–23.4), a smaller anterior fontanel (about one third the length of the frontals vs. at least half the length), and very faint, poorly contrasting cream bands that are sometimes absent on some individuals (vs. sharply contrasting cream bands on a brown body). It can be further distinguished from congeners in having a unique combination of the following characters: dorsal-spine length 17.3–18.7% SL, pectoral-spine length 20.2–24.3% SL, pelvic-fin length 13.0–14.7% SL, length of adipose-fin base 11.5–13.0% SL, caudal peduncle depth 6.9–7.8% SL, body depth at anus 12.1–13.8% SL, eye diameter 8.6–11.7% HL, vertebrae 28–30, and thoracic adhesive apparatus reaching to midway between bases of last pectoral-fin ray and first pelvic-fin ray. with its unculiferous ridges joined at their posterior ends.
A list of Cuban Lepidoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta)
Authors: AGUILA RAYNER NÚÑEZ , CAÑAMERO ALEJANDRO BARRO
Published: April 2019

A total of 1557 species belonging to 56 families of the order Lepidoptera is listed from Cuba, along with the source ofeach record. Additional literature references treating Cuban Lepidoptera are also provided. The list is based primarily onliterature records, although some collections were examined: the Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática collection, Havana,Cuba; the Museo Felipe Poey collection, University of Havana; the Fernando de Zayas private collection, Havana; andthe United States National Museum collection, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC. One family, Schreckensteinidae,and 113 species constitute new records to the Cuban fauna. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Paucivenahoffmanni (Koehler 1939) (Psychidae), new comb., and Gonodontodes chionosticta Hampson 1913 (Erebidae), syn. nov.,is a synonym of Gonodontodes dispar Hampson 1913. Burca cubensis (Skinner 1913) (Hesperiidae), and Eulepidotis reflexa (Herrich-Schäffer 1869) (Erebidae) are revised and revalidated.
Seven new species of the leafhopper genus Tambocerus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent
Authors: VIRAKTAMATH C. A.
Published: April 2019

Seven new species of the genus Tambocerus Zhang & Webb, Tambocerus acutus sp. nov., T. cholas sp. nov. (both from India:Tamil Nadu), T. daii sp. nov. (India: Kerala), T. furcostylus sp. nov. (India: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu), T. krameri sp. nov. (India,Karnataka; Sri Lanka), T. nilgiris sp. nov. (India: Tamil Nadu) and T. zahniseri sp. nov (India: Karnataka) are described andillustrated. T. viraktamathi Rao is redescribed and illustrated. A key to species of Tambocerus from the Indian subcontinent is also given.
Revision of the western Atlantic members of the Alpheus armillatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 species complex (Decapoda, Alpheidae), with description of seven new species
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR
Published: April 2019

The western Atlantic members of the Alpheus armillatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 species complex, which includes someof the largest and most common intertidal snapping shrimps, are revised based on extensive fresh material collected in theCaribbean Sea, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, as well as some older museum material. Alpheus armillatus (sensu H.Milne Edwards 1837 and Coutière 1899) is redescribed based primarily on the Caribbean material and a neotype fromAruba is designated. Alpheus lancirostris Rankin, 1900 and A. verrilli (Schmitt, 1924) are resurrected from the synonymyof A. armillatus and rediagnosed. Alpheus angulosus McClure, 2002 is redefined and reported from several new localities;its presence in Brazil is confirmed. Seven species are described as new: A. amarillo sp. nov. (Caribbean, southern Florida,Gulf of Mexico), A. punctatus sp. nov. (Caribbean, southern Florida), A. tampensis sp. nov. (western Florida), A. carlaesp. nov. (Caribbean, Florida, Brazil), A. mathewsae sp. nov. (Caribbean, Florida), A. brasileiro sp. nov. (Brazil), and A.nuno sp. nov. (Mexico). In addition, A. viridari (Armstrong, 1949), a close relative and presumed sister lineage of the A.armillatus complex, is rediagnosed and its distinguishing features are highlighted. All species are abundantly illustrated,including variation of some morphological features and colour patterns. A character table and a key to the western Atlantic species of the A. armillatus complex are provided.
Ampithoe bizseli n. sp. (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the west coast of Turkey
Authors: ÖZAYDINLI MURAT , COLEMAN CH. OLIVER
Published: April 2019

The new species Ampithoe bizseli from the west coast of Turkey is described. It can be distinguished by a circular ischiumlobe on gnathopod 2 in the male sex from the similar species Ampithoe ramondi where this lobe is slender. Ampithoe bizseli n. sp. appears to occur also on the coast of Tansania.
A new species of the genus Scutiger (Anura: Megophryidae) from southeastern Tibet, China
Authors: JIANG KE , RAO DINGQI , YUAN SIQI , WANG JISHAN , LI PIPENG , HOU MIAN , CHE MAIHE , CHE JING
Published: April 2019

A new species of Scutiger Theobald, 1868 is described from Medog, southeastern Tibet, China. Scutiger wuguanfui sp.nov. is distinguished from congeners in the following combination of characters: (1) large adult size, female is much largerthan male; (2) maxillary teeth absent; (3) male with a pair of pectoral glands and a pair of axillary glands, axillary glandssimilar to pectoral glands, all of them covered by black spines in breeding season; (4) in breeding male, nuptial spines ondorsal surface of firs and second fingers, and inner side of third finger; (5) male with an internal single subgular vocal sac,a pair of slit-like openings of vocal sac near corners of the mouth. This new species is currently known only from the type locality.
Cyanocharax obi, a new species (Characiformes: Characidae) and the first record of the genus from tributaries of the río Paraná basin, Argentina
Authors: CASCIOTTA JORGE , ALMIRÓN ADRIANA , PIÁLEK LUBOMÍR , ŘÍČAN OLDŘICH
Published: April 2019

Cyanocharax obi is described from tributaries of the arroyo Paranay–Guazú, río Paraná basin, Misiones province, Argen-tina. This new species can be distinguished from its congeneres by the following combination of characters: lateral lineinterrupted or with alternated series of perforated and non perforated scales, 22–24 branched anal-fin rays, body depth atdorsal-fin origin (34.5–40.8% SL), and distal border of anal fin in matures males nearly straight. Validity of the new spe-cies is also well supported by a molecular phylogenetic analysis (COI, 12S, 16S). Cyanocharax obi represents the first record of the genus in the río Paraná basin.
Paracanthonchus multisupplementatus sp. n. and Cyatholaimus minor sp. n. (Nematoda) from the coast of Vietnam
Authors: GAGARIN VLADIMIR G.
Published: April 2019

Two nematode species found on the coast of Vietnam are described and illustrated. Paracanthonchus multisupplementatussp. n. is morphologically close to P. multitubifer Timm, 1961, but differs from it the longer and slender tail (c = 9.1–11.0,c’ = 3.0•–3.4 in males, c = 8.1–8.7, c’ = 3.6–4.1 in females versus c = 11.4–14.0, c’ = 2.3–2.8 in males, c = 10.2–10.4, c’= 2.1–2.8 in females), bigger dorsal tooth in stoma, larger diameter of amphidial fovea (40–55% of corresponding bodywidth versus 15% of corresponding body width), longer spicules and gubernaculum (spicules 56–61 µm long, gubernac-ulum 36–43 µm long versus spicules 36 µm long, gubernaculum 28 µm long) and more number of supplement organs(57–62 in number versus 21–22 in number). Cyatholaimus minor sp. n. is close related to C. ocellatus Bastian, 1865, butis clearly distinct in the shorter body (L = 532–710 µm versus L = 1100–1790 µm), slenderer tail (c’ = 3.5–4.3 versus c’= 2.5–2.8), bigger dorsal tooth in stoma and shorter spicules and gubernaculum (spicules 21–22 µm long, gubernaculum 19–20 µm long versus spicules 60 µm long, gubernaculum 52 µm long).
Parisopalpus defoei sp. nov. from Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile, the first known species of the genus from the Neotropical Region (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae)
Authors: ŠVIHLA VLADIMÍR , FISCHER FRANCISCO RAMÍREZ
Published: April 2019

The genus Parisopalpus Hudson, 1975 originally included three species occurring in Australia and New Zealand. Another hitherto unknown species was collected in Juan Fernández Archipiélago: Isla Robinson Crusoe, which belongs administratively to Chile. It was identified as a member of this genus by the first author of this paper and is described below. No other member of the genus Parisopalpus was hitherto known from South America, although Parisopalpus nigronotatus (Boheman, 1858) has been intercepted in the cargo compartments of airplanes by Chilean biosecurity and identified by the second author of this paper, it is not established in the Chilean fauna.
The Pupae of Culicomorpha—Morphology and a New Phylogenetic Tree
Authors: BORKENT ART
Published: April 2019

The pupae of each of the families of the Culicomorpha are described and, for the first time, their structures homologized.A glossary provides a standard set of terms to be applied to each structure, including a common chaetotaxy. A cladisticanalysis incorporates information from each life stage, including a number of new features discovered from the pupalstage, to provide a new phylogenetic hypothesis, as well as indicating autapomorphies for each family. Analysisincluded states for one egg, 21 larval, 33 pupal, and 37 adult characters. The Chironomidae is the sister group of allremaining Culicomorpha, the Ceratopogonidae is the sister group of Thaumaleidae + Simuliidae and these three arenewly recognized as members of the re-defined superfamily Simulioidea. The superfamily Culicoidea are the sistergroup of the Simulioidea and include, as previous work has already demonstrated, the Dixidae as the sister group ofCorethrellidae + Chaoboridae + Culicidae. Corethrellidae is the sister group of Chaoboridae + Culicidae. Thesuperfamily Chironomoidea now includes only Chironomidae.Analysis of the fossil record shows that the Chironomidae (and the Culicomorpha) originated in the Triassic andboth Simulioidea and Culicoidea were present by 176 million years ago in the Jurassic. Phylogenetic patterns are used tointerpret bionomic features such as differences in the nature of blood-feeding by adult females, daytime or nighttimefeeding by adult females, and occurrence of immature stages in aquatic habitats. Chironomidae do not feed on blood asadults and have likely diversified by invading virtually all aquatic habitats as larvae. Its sister group is more than twiceas diverse and feeding on vertebrate blood is strongly correlated with high diversification within the Simulioidea +Culicoidea (likely because a reliable source of protein was available to dispersing females since the Triassic fromterrestrial vertebrates). Families with blood-feeding females have larger numbers of species than do those without thisbehaviour. Each family in the Simulioidea + Culicoidea have specialized larval habitats or specialized habits, largely inaquatic habitats where Chironomidae are either not, or are marginally present, suggesting a level of competitive exclusion by the Chironomidae.
Description of Acrolobus longigubernaculum sp. n. (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from Iran, the second species of the genus
Authors: AMIRZADI NEGIN , SHOKOOHI EBRAHIM , ESKANDARI ALI , ABOLAFIA JOAQUÍN
Published: April 2019

A new species of the genus Acrolobus was recovered during a survey of soil nematodes. Acrolobus longigubernaculumsp. n., collected from the rhizosphere of weeds in northeastern Iran, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by abody length of 0.72–0.98 mm in females and 0.73–0.84 mm in males, annulated cuticle, lateral fields with three longitu-dinal incisures, lip region slightly offset from the neck and 8–11μm wide, lips leaf-like, stoma 12–16 µm long, pharyngealcorpus 2.7–3.2 times isthmus length, vulva located slightly posterior to middle of body (V = 61–65), spermatheca 26–46µm long, postuterine sac 27–49 µm long or 0.9–1.3 times the corresponding body diameter, female tail conical with a fine,short mucro (47–58 µm, c = 13.9–18.5, c’ = 2.4–3.2), male tail conical bearing a fine mucro (47–50 µm, c = 14.8–17.5;c’ = 2–2.3), spicules 26–30μm long and ventrally curved, and gubernaculum 12–16 µm long (50% of spicule length). The new taxon is the second species of the genus Acrolobus and is compared to the type species, A. emarginatus.
A new species of Raorchestes (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from mid-elevation evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: SESHADRI KADABA SHAMANNA , GURURAJA KOTAMBYLU VASUDEVA , ARAVIND NEELAVARA ANANTHARAM
Published: April 2019

A new species of the shrub frog genus Raorchestes Biju, Souche, Dubois, Dutta and Bossuyt is described as Raorchesteskakachi sp. nov. from Agastyamalai hill region in the southern Western Ghats, India. The small sized Raorchestes (male:24.7–25.8 mm, n = 3 and female: 24.3–34.1 mm, n = 3) is distinguished from all other known congeners by the followingsuite of characters. Snout oval in dorsal view; tympanum indistinct; head wider than long; moderate webbing in feet;colour on dorsum varying from ivory to brown, blotches of dark brown on flanks, brown mottling on throat reducing to-wards vent; inner and outer surface of thigh, inner surface of shank and inner surface of tarsus with a distinct dark brownhorizontal band which extends upto first three toes on upper surface. A detailed description, advertisement call features, ecology, natural history notes and comparison with closely related species are provided for the new species.
Osteology and systematics of Uberabatitan ribeiroi (Dinosauria; Sauropoda): a Late Cretaceous titanosaur from Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: SILVA JULIAN C. G.  JUNIOR , MARINHO THIAGO S. , MARTINELLI AGUSTÍN G. , LANGER MAX C.
Published: April 2019

Uberabatitan ribeiroi is a Late Cretaceous titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from southeastern Brazil. Here we provide a detailed revision of all its available specimens, including new elements from the type-locality. One new autopomorphy is added to diagnosis of the taxon: astragalus with a well-developed anteroposterior crest that mediodistally delimits the tibial articulation. Linear regressions were conducted in an attempt to circumscribe specimens within the type-series, revealing that it is composed of several individuals, with inferred total body lengths varying from 7 to 26 meters. Phylogenetic analyses including U. ribeiroi show that the Brazilian taxon corresponds to a non-saltasaurid lithostrotian titanosaur.
A new species of Trimma (Pisces; Gobiidae) from the Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: WINTERBOTTOM RICHARD , ERDMANN MARK V.
Published: April 2019

A new species of Trimma, T. wangunui, is described from three localities in the western Pacific (Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste and the Philippines). It belongs to a small group of species with scales in the predorsal midline, no scales on the cheek or the opercle, all pectoral fin rays unbranched, and a branched fifth pelvic fin ray. It differs from other species in this group in having an elongate second spine of the first dorsal fin which reaches to the bases of the 2nd–8th second dorsal-fin rays when adpressed, in having yellow bars on the head, and in the presence of vertically elongate yellow spots on a brown body when freshly collected.
A remarkable new species of Eucyphonia (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-SERRANO JUANITA , FORERO DIMITRI
Published: April 2019

Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Santa María, Boyacá on the eastern slope of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Eucyphonia species were previously recorded only from Ecuador, Brazil and Venezuela; thus the new species represents a new generic record for Colombia. This new species was found associated with Piper sp. (Piperaceae), although further confirmation is needed to show that this is a host plant.
Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera
Authors: WINTERTON SHAUN L. , MARTINS CALEB CALIFRE , MAKARKIN VLADIMIR , ARDILA-CAMACHO ADRIAN , WANG YONGJIE
Published: April 2019

The genera of the lance lacewing family Osmylidae (Neuroptera) and extinct allied families (Archeosmylidae, Saucrosmylidae) are reviewed. A key to living Osmylidae genera of the world is presented. Each genus is diagnosed and figured with a checklist of species included for each. New, revised or support for previous taxonomic changes include the following: Nuddsia Menon & Makarkin, 2008 (= Burmaleon Myskowiak et al., 2016 syn. nov.); Kempynus Navás, 1912 (= Clydosmylus New 1983a syn. nov.); Osmylus Latreille, 1802 (= Hyposmylus McLachlan; Dictyosmylus Navás, 1910; Plesiosmylus, Makarkin, 1985; Plethosmylus Krüger, 1913a); Parosmylus Needham, 1909 (= Mesosmylus Krüger, 1913c; Phlebosmylus Navás, 1928 syn. nov.); Thaumatosmylus Krüger, 1913a (= Glenosmylus Krüger, 1913a syn. nov.). New classification changes include: Mesomylidus Jepson, 2012 and Petrushevkia Martynova, 1958 are transferred to Protosmylinae; Lahulus Navás, 1930 is placed in Osmylinae; Stenosmylina Jepson et al., 2009 is transferred to Eidoporisminae. Cratovoluptia Martins-Neto & Rodrigues, 2009 is removed from Osmylidae and transferred to Ithonidae, while Cratosmylus Myskowiak et al., 2015 is transferred to Nymphidae. Idiastogyia Lin, 1986 and Yanosmylus Ren in Ren et al., 1995 are excluded from Osmylidae and placed as incertae sedis in Neuroptera.
Weather Types and Hourly to Multiday Rainfall Characteristics in Tropical Australia
Authors: Moron Vincent , Barbero Renaud , Evans Jason P. , Westra Seth , Fowler Hayley J.
Published: April 2019

Six weather types (WTs) are computed for tropical Australia during the wet season (November–March 1979–2015) using cluster analysis of 6-hourly low-level winds at 850 hPa. The WTs may be interpreted as a varying combination of at least five distinct phenomena operating at different time scales: the diurnal cycle, fast and recurrent atmospheric phenomena such as transient low pressure, the intraseasonal Madden–Julian oscillation, the annual cycle, and interannual variations mostly associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The WTs are also strongly phase-locked onto the break/active phases of the monsoon; two WTs characterize mostly the trade-wind regime prevalent either at the start and the end of the monsoon or during its breaks, while three monsoonal WTs occur mostly during its core and active phases. The WT influence is strongest for the frequency of wet spells, while the influence on intensity varies according to the temporal aggregation of the rainfall. At hourly time scale, the climatological mean wet intensity tends to be near-constant in space and not systematically larger for the monsoonal WTs compared to other WTs. Nevertheless, one transitional WT, most prevalent around late November and characterized by weak synoptic forcings and overall drier conditions than the monsoonal WTs, is associated with an increased number of high hourly rainfall intensities for some stations, including for the interior of the Cape York Peninsula. When the temporal aggregation exceeds 6–12 h, the mean intensity tends to be larger for some of the monsoonal WTs, in association with more frequent and also slightly longer wet spells.
Optokinetic Analysis in Patients With Spontaneous Horizontal Gaze-Evoked Nystagmus Without Radiological Neuropathology
Authors: Yetiser Sertac , Ince Dilay , Yetiser Berkay
Published: April 2019

Gaze-evoked nystagmus is not rare among those who have acute balance problem and may indicate a cerebellar dysfunction that is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders. The aim of this study is to analyze optokinetic response in those patients. Eleven males and 7 females (age range: 25-60, 42.5 [9.75]) with gaze-evoked nystagmus were analyzed with optokinetic test (Micromed Inc). Nystagmus was elicited by a stimulator light spot moving across the patient’s visual field at a target speed of 30 degree/second. Ten age-matched healthy participants served as controls. The gain and slow-phase velocity difference in oculomotor response from left and right stimulus was compared in patients and the control participants. One-way analysis of variance test was used for multiple variance analysis of the groups. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Slow-phase velocity of gaze-evoked nystagmus was ranging between 6 and 19 degree/second. The mean slow-phase velocity of gaze-evoked nystagmus to the right and left was 8.1 (3.81) and 6.8 (4.67) degree/second, respectively. Optokinetic gain was out of normal limits in 10 (55.5%) patients. Comparison of mean gain difference between the patients and the normal participants was statistically significant ( P = .025). No statistical difference was found in mean slow-phase velocity difference in optokinetic nystagmus between control participants and patients ( P > .05 [.099]). An acute-onset balance problem may be associated with dysfunction of separate populations of neurons in the brainstem and cerebellum even if there is no radiological neuropathy since gaze-evoked nystagmus is a sign of neural integrator dysfunction. Patients with gaze-evoked nystagmus and optokinetic abnormalities may have disruption of cerebellar pathways and should be followed closely.
Thyroidectomy Complications in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chung Sei Y. , Govindan Aparna , Babu Archana , Tassler Andrew
Published: April 2019

Objective

To (1) analyze postoperative thyroidectomy outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), who are prone to deleterious effects of glucose dysmetabolism, and (2) apply findings to optimize perioperative management of diabetics requiring thyroid surgery.

Study Design

Retrospective database analysis.

Setting

University hospital.

Subjects and Methods

The National Inpatient Sample was queried using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and Procedure Coding System (PCS) codes for patients with benign or malignant thyroid disease who underwent thyroid surgery between 2002 and 2013. An analysis of demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative outcomes was conducted between a DM vs non‐DM cohort using bivariate and multivariate techniques.

Results

In total, 103,842 cases met inclusion criteria; 14.2% were diabetics. Diabetics had significantly higher rates of baseline comorbid chronic pulmonary disease, hypertension, obesity, and anemia. Following thyroidectomy, patients with DM were more likely to have vocal cord paresis or paralysis compared to non‐DM patients (2.0% vs 1.3%; P <. 001). However, when adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, there was no significant difference in this complication between the 2 groups. Diabetics had independently higher rates of cardiac, pulmonary, and urinary complications, as well as transfusion, reintubation, and in‐hospital mortality. Diabetics had longer hospital stays (2.76 vs 1.97; P <. 001) with higher incurred hospital charges (32,921 vs 25,198; P <. 001).

Conclusion

Although DM often confers metabolic and ischemic derangements secondary to hyperglycemia such as neuropathy, this comorbidity was not independently associated with higher rates of vocal cord paresis or paralysis following thyroid surgery. However, DM predicted other adverse outcomes, including greater cardiac, pulmonary, and urinary complications, as well as transfusion, reintubation, and in‐hospital mortality.
Health Communication and Hepatitis Health Management: A Study on the Awareness and Behavioural Practices in Nigeria
Authors: Ben-Enukora Charity , Amodu Lanre , Okorie Nelson
Published: April 2019

Hepatitis has become a leading cause of death across the globe. Social lifestyle practices and behaviours that predispose individuals to contracting the disease have been identified as factors that constitute huge challenge towards the disease prevention. Against this backdrop, this study examined the residents’ source of information on hepatitis disease, knowledge of the high-risk behaviours that could expose people to hepatitis infection and the effects of hepatitis awareness on current behavioural practices of the study population. The study adopted the survey design and multi-stage sampling procedure was employed. The findings revealed that the broadcast media was identified as the major source of information on hepatitis disease/prevention. Respondents’ knowledge of high-risk behaviours that stimulate hepatitis infection was very low. Knowledge of hepatitis preventive measures was critically low. More so, awareness of hepatitis disease did not influence the majority of the residents to adopt preventive practices aimed at reducing the incidence of hepatitis infection. In view of these findings, the study recommends among others that information on hepatitis prevention should be more ‘behaviour-centred’ and interpersonal communication channels such as opinion leaders, religious leaders, community development officers and community-based health workers could be identified and recruited for hepatitis intervention.
Evaluation of Pharmacist Impact Within an Interdisciplinary Inpatient Heart Failure Consult Service
Authors: Blizzard Shannon , Verbosky Natalie , Stein Bradley , Hale Genevieve , Patel Nitin , Chau Yen , Cave Brandon
Published: April 2019

Background: Heart failure (HF) is highly prevalent in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system and the leading cause of hospital discharges in the VA. Despite guideline-specific recommendations of drug therapy, many patients are not on optimal medication regimens. Objective: To examine and quantify pharmacist impact in an interdisciplinary HF consult (IC) service on increasing use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). The 30-day readmission rates before and after the implementation of an IC service are reported. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective analysis of veterans admitted with a HF diagnosis between August 2008 and August 2015 in 2 distinctive cohorts: pre-IC (August 2008 to November 2011) and IC (November 2011 to August 2015). Results: Four-hundred patients were included, with 200 in each cohort. All-cause readmissions at 30 days were not different between pre-IC and IC groups: 33.5% versus 28.5%, respectively. Secondary outcomes of HF readmission and 1-year mortality were not different between groups. Significant increases in medication use rates were observed from admission to discharge in both cohorts; however, greater increases were observed in the IC group in which the pharmacist role was clearly defined in recommending GDMT optimization, especially in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. Conclusion and Relevance: Although the implementation of an IC service did not significantly change 30-day readmission rates, increases in GDMT use are evident with increased pharmacist involvement. Longer-term outcomes associated with this intervention warrant future investigation.
Cancer drug development: The missing links
Authors: Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B , Bordoloi Devivasha , Sailo Bethsebie Lalduhsaki , Roy Nand Kishor , Thakur Krishan Kumar , Banik Kishore , Shakibaei Mehdi , Gupta Subash C , Aggarwal Bharat B
Published: April 2019

Although better science and technology has been linked with better health care, however, reality is much different. Although America and most of Europe are equipped with most advanced science and technology, paradoxically cancer incidence is highest in the world. This indicates that science and technology alone is not sufficient in treating diseases like cancer. It is also now well recognized that more than 95% of the drugs/compounds that kill either cancer cells in culture or regress the tumors in animals, fail in phase I clinical trials in humans, indicating that most pre-clinical models of cancer are inadequate. In addition, most of the anticancer drugs that are approved by the regulatory agencies such as FDA either has no effect on the overall survival of the cancer patient or may provide an increase in few months in overall survival. This is despite the fact that most targeted therapies that are currently available are highly expensive; thus suggesting the lack of affordability. This review is meant to focus on some of these problems in detail and then provide potential solutions since most cancers are caused by multiple genes, and thus multi-targeted therapies are needed such as natural products which are inexpensive, safe and have been used for thousands of years for both prevention and treatment of cancer.

Impact statement

The success rate for cancer drugs which enter into phase 1 clinical trials is utterly less. Why the vast majority of drugs fail is not understood but suggests that pre-clinical studies are not adequate for human diseases. In 1975, as per the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, pharmaceutical industries expended 100 million dollars for research and development of the average FDA approved drug. By 2005, this figure had more than quadrupled, to $1.3 billion. In order to recover their high and risky investment cost, pharmaceutical companies charge more for their products. However, there exists no correlation between drug development cost and actual sale of the drug. This high drug development cost could be due to the reason that all patients might not respond to the drug. Hence, a given drug has to be tested in large number of patients to show drug benefits and obtain significant results.
Ambrisentan for treatment of inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
Authors: Escribano‐Subias Pilar , Bendjenana Hakim , Curtis Paula S. , Lang Irene , Noordegraaf Anton Vonk
Published: April 2019

This multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study assessed ambrisentan or placebo in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Futility of enrollment led to early termination. Trends of improvement in favor of ambrisentan versus placebo in the primary and some secondary endpoints were observed; adverse event profiles were similar between groups.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is a major component of HRV in undisturbed, remotely monitored rattlesnakes,Crotalus durissus
Authors: Sanches Pollyana V. W. , Taylor Edwin W. , Duran Livia M. , Cruz André L. , Dias Daniel P. M. , Leite Cleo A. C.
Published: April 2019

An implanted telemetry device transmitted ECG from the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus, held under stable conditions without restraining cables or interaction with researchers. Mean heart rate (fH) recovered rapidly (<24h) from anaesthesia and operative procedures. This anticipated a more gradual development of heart rate variability (HRV), with instantaneous fH increasing during each lung ventilation cycle. Atropine injection increased mean fH and abolished HRV. Complete autonomic blockade revealed a parasympathetic tonus on the heart of 55% and an adrenergic tonus of 37%. Power spectral analysis of HRV identified a peak at the same frequency as ventilation. Such correlation is sustained after temperature change and that is clear when ventilation is less episodic. This HRV peak is homologous to that observed in mammals and termed respiratory sinus arrhythmia - RSA. Evidence for instantaneous control of fH implied rapid conduction of activity in the cardiac efferent nervous supply, supported by the description of myelinated fibres in the cardiac vagus. Establishment of HRV 10 days after surgical intervention seems a reliable indicator of the re-establishment of control of integrative functions by the autonomic nervous system. We suggest that this criterion could be applied to other animals exposed to natural or imposed trauma, thus improving protocols involving animal handling, including veterinarian procedures.