bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistencia a fluconazol en especies de candida aisladas en secreción vaginal de mujeres embarazadas
Authors: Chillogallo Granda Carol , Ullauri González Carmen
Published: August 2021

Las infecciones causadas por levaduras del género Candida han aumentado en forma dramática hasta en un 500% en las últimas décadas. A nivel mundial afecta entre el 70 y el 75% de las mujeres en edad fértil. Se estima que entre el 40 y el 50% experimentarecurrencia. Paralelamente a este aumento, se ha notado la aparición de resistencia a los antifúngicos así como la selección deespecies diferentes a Candida albicans, lo cual ha hecho necesaria la estandarización de pruebas de susceptibilidad. Entre dichaspruebas se halla la de difusión en agar con discos impregnados de antifúngicos. En el presente estudio de tipo descriptivo se usaron técnicas directas y cultivo de hongos en agar Saboraud y cromogénico para determinar la frecuencia y especies de Candiday el protocolo M44-A CLSI para determinar la susceptibilidad a fluconazol. Los datos se distribuyeron según edad y recurrencia de candidiasis vulvovaginal (CVV). Participaron 67 mujeres embarazadas, en sus muestras se identificó 74.2% (n=23) de Candida albicans y 25.8% (n=8) de Candida krusei, el 30.4% (n=7) de Candida albicans y 100% (n=8) de Candida krusei fueron resistentes afluconazol. El 58.1% (n=l8) de as mujeres presentó candidiasis vulvovaginal recurrente. La presencia de vulvovaginitis candidósica fue más frecuente en el grupo etario entre 21 y 44 años.
Las tics en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la educación universitaria
Authors: Suasnabas Pacheco Lenin Stalin , Casilla Salazar Ivonne Nathaly , Rubira Carvache Alexandra Katiuska , Campos Mancero Otto Vicente
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de la investigación es analizar las TICs en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de las universidades, a la hora de alcanzar os retos planteados en el proyecto de convergencia de los diferentes sistemas nacionales e internacionales (Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior -EEES-), referidos a la innovación en las formas de generación y transmisión del conocimiento y al desafío de una formación continua a lo largo de toda la vida. El trabajo presenta un estudio sobre la valoración que los docentes de las universidades hacen sobre las ventajas del uso de las TI Cs. La metodología utilizada fue bibliográfica, documental y descriptiva. Las técnicas de fichaje tomadas para separar los núcleos teóricos fueron: ¿Historia de las TICs?, ¿uso de las TICs? y ¿desafíos de las TICs para los cambios educativos de la investigación? Los autores concluyen que en este campo aún queda mucho por hacer. En los institutos superiores y universidades las tecnología de la información y comunicación mantendrán un crecimiento constante.
De luces y sombras. Aproximaciones al sistema de salud cubano entre 1950 y 1958
Authors: Sánchez Gálvez Samuel , Gómez Menéndez Wendy , Cardoso Armas Roberlan , Sánchez Samuel
Published: August 2021

El trabajo describe críticamente la situación de salud cubana en los años que median entre 1950 y 1959-1960. Analiza cuestiones tales como la distribución de la población cubana por grupo de edad y sexo, la del alfabetismo y analfabetismo, según residencia urbana y rural, de la población mayor de 10 años; el empleo por sectores; el porcentaje de desempleo; las condiciones de vida a partir de la tenencia de electricidad, agua potable, baños, letrinas, duchas; la proporción de viviendas según materiales de construcción; la cantidad de médicos, hospitales, camas, hospitales especializados; las defunciones por enfermedades infecciosas, las tasas de mortalidad y esperanza de vida al nacer, la mortalidad y sus causas, y la formación médica y su labor científica. Su objetivo es describir críticamente la situación de salud de la población cubana en el período entre los años 1950 y 1959-1960, aspecto este todavía insuficientemente examinado por los historiadores.
Build Connections for Classrooms
Authors: Hulleman Chris S. ,   University of Virginia
Published: August 2021

How do I do it?
Lead your students to understand
how their existing interests relate to the content they learn in school
by using this scripted activity.

How does it work?
Build Connections taps into students' intrinsic curiosity and motivation. What's more, it encourages curiosity to flourish in class.
Gratitude Journal
Authors: Emmons Robert A. , McCullough Michael E.
Published: August 2021

How do I do it?
Keep a journal where you write in detail about things you are grateful for in your life.

How does it work?
By default, our attention is
drawn to problems and obstacles in life. This exercise helps you notice,
in ways both big and small, what is going well.

How do I do it?
Expert Practice helps you improve
your skills—no matter what it is you're trying to master. There are
three steps you follow in order, and then repeat, repeat, repeat: First,
identify a specific sub-skill that incrementally challenges you.
Second, practice that skill with full effort. Third, seek feedback on
what you could do better.

How does it work?
The opposite of Expert Practice
is mindless practice—just going through the motions without a real goal
in mind, without concentration, and without meaningful feedback on how
you can improve. When you practice like an expert, you make the most of
your practice time. The same three-step process applies whether you want
to become a better trumpet player, a better writer, or a better
student.
Admitting Mistakes
Authors: Maglio Sam ,   University of Toronto Scarborough
Published: August 2021

This week, Joe Biden will raise his right hand to take the oath of
office and become the 46th president of the United States. Two years
ago, almost to the day, his hands gripped a podium while he made a
confession. His earlier imposition of harsh penalties for crack cocaine
possession, he lamented, “was a big mistake.”

Some might have predicted this admission to be career-killing seppuku.
Plenty of public officials, tagged as flip-floppers, have been
condemned for a single offense. But as a presidential candidate, Biden
instead made a habit of acknowledging the errors of his ways. How did he spin mistake-tainted straw into political gold?
Ask, Don’t Tell
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   CharacterLab
Published: August 2021

This is the problem: You can't listen and talk at the same time. 

This is my problem: I talk too much.

For instance, each week when I prepare to teach my undergraduate
class, my slides and the notes that go with them grow longer and longer
as I think of more and more ideas it feels urgent to share. 

By the time I meet with my students, I'm a fire hydrant of facts.
Nervously, I glance at the ticking clock, talking faster and faster in
an attempt not to leave anything out. At the end of class, if I've
delivered everything planned, it feels like a small victory.
Birds of a Feather
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   CharacterLab
Published: August 2021

At Disney World, the name tags of Cast Members (as they like to call themselves) are magical.

I remember laying eyes on these name tags on a family vacation and
thinking, in a flash, that Walt Disney was a psychological genius.

Why?

Well, for one thing, right off the bat, my family was on a first-name
basis with every Cast Member we met. This subtle cue was one a way for
Walt to make the millions of Disney World visitors—including us—feel at
home.  

Even better, right under their first name, printed in bold, capital
letters, was each Cast Member's hometown or college. This small detail
had the effect of turning a total stranger into a real person, with a
childhood and a life story. What's more, it led effortlessly to
connections like these: “Detroit! My Aunt Sue lived near there. Do you
know a little town called Pinckney?”  

In other words, the name tags of Disney Cast Members are,
effectively, a social belonging intervention. Because a big part of
social belonging is feeling like you have something in common with the
people around you.
Gratitude is Always Eloquent
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   CharacterLab
Published: August 2021

Last week, I had the pleasure of talking onstage at the Aspen Ideas Festival with Jackie Bezos, a board member of Character Lab.
Earlier in the day, I met with this year's Bezos Scholars, exceptionally gritty and purpose-driven high school students who will spend the next year developing social change projects in their communities.
After my talk, one of these young scholars and I got to talking about our favorite teachers. I suggested she do what I never did when I was her age: write a gratitude letter thanking that teacher for what she'd done for her.
This young lady assured me she would sit down and write the letter as soon as she got home from Aspen. Knowing what I do about the intention-behavior gap, I suggested she take two minutes right then and there and simply text her teacher a quick note of thanks.
Did she write that text? Maybe. But maybe instead, she'd hesitate. Maybe she'd worry she wouldn't be able to put into words everything she wanted to say. And maybe that pause would be the end of a beautiful impulse
Hack Your Space
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   CharacterLab
Published: August 2021

Question: What temptation is hardest for teenagers to resist?

Answer: Cell phones

How do I know? I've been studying self-control in adolescence for nearly two decades, and increasingly, my data implicate cell phones as the single most potent temptation in the lives of young people.

Phones are a limitless source of immediate gratification. Finished scrolling through your Instagram feed? You can rewatch an episode of The Office. Craving something else? There's always Snapchat, TikTok, and…the list goes on.

When pitted against homework and studying, phones are the “easy” choice because, to paraphrase Aristotle, the fruits of education are sweet but the roots are often bitter. In other words, thinking hard about things you don't yet understand is not nearly as effortlessly pleasurable as the myriad diversions you have in the palm of your hand.

It's impractical to ask teenagers to swear off phones altogether. But it is possible to share evidence-based strategies for outsmarting their smartphones. The trick I like best is also the one most commonly recommended by undergraduates in the classes I'm teaching this year—what scientists call situation modification. It involves intentionally changing your physical surroundings to make it easier to resist temptation.
Dilematika dan Tantangan Pengawasan Nuklir di Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Huda Khoirul
Published: August 2021

Dilematics and Challenges of Nuclear Regulatory Control During the Pandemic of Covid-19. Any activity using nuclear energy must be controlled by the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN). The regulatory control is aimed at protecting the health and safety of working personnel, public and environment from the potential hazards arising from nuclear activities. In the implementation of regulatory control, it often needs to do activity involving a number of people, such as meeting to discuss regulation or to clarify some issues of licensing. In many cases, it needs also to do licensing verification and regulatory inspection to the nuclear/radiation facilities to ensure their safety conditions. However, since the outbreak of COVID-19, activities that involve many people such as meetings and visits must be reduced. This has created some regulatory dilemmas and challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study to analyze these dilemmas/challenges to find their solutions. Present study using analytical descriptive method was performed to answer such problems. This paper presents results of the study in the form of analysis of the regulatory dilemmas/challenges, and recommends some solutions.¬
Telaah Singkat Kebijakan Akreditasi Bagi Lembaga Uji Kesesuaian Pesawat Sinar-X
Authors:   Pusat Pengkajian Sistem dan Teknologi Pengawasan Fasilitas Radiasi dan Zat Radioaktif, BAPETEN, Kunarsih Endang , Iswandarini Iswandarini , Rusmanto Rusmanto
Published: August 2021

Brief Review of Accreditation Policy For X-Ray Compliance Testing Laboratory The Compli¬ance Test Program has been Implemented Since 2011 and The Updated Regulation was in 2018. According to the implementation progress, adjustments are needed to the dynamics of the problems that arise. In 2021, it is planned to prepare a draft amendment to BAPETEN Regulation Number 2 of 2018; therefore, an analysis of the implementation profile of the regulation is carried out to identify existing obstacles. One of the problems identified is the polemic of the urgency of accreditation obligations for the Compliance Testing Laboratory, which is the institution appointed by the Head of BAPETEN to carry out compliance tests and issue compliance certificates. Currently, 78% of laboratories are not accredited, most of which are importing companies. Therefore, it will have implications for reducing laboratory availability and constraining the compliance test process in health facilities. This paper aims to identify aspects that can hinder the application for laboratory accreditation, especially for importing companies, and the proposed solution that can recommend. This paper uses a regulatory impact analysis approach. The study results show that laboratory accreditation is essential to maintain the quality of services, competencies, and outputs of the laboratory so that four options that LUK can take are proposed in dealing with obstacles in applying for accreditation. This paper can provide contributions in preparing the draft amendments to BAPETEN Regulation Number 2 of 2018.
Information System Design for Tadarus Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Darul Ulum Kintap Webbased
Authors: Febriani Suci , Herpendi  , Noor Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Madrasah is a place of study or formal school equivalent to elementary school, but at madrasah there will be more to learn about Islam, especially learning to read the Koran. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Kintap uses the at-tanzil method in the process of learning the Qur'an, with the aim that students can understand more quickly about tajwid and the law of reading the Quran. MI Darul Ulum Kintap will provide a notebook of the achievements of the students so that parents can monitor the extent to which the students have learned. The problem that exists in recording the student's achievement using a note book is the negligence of the students in maintaining the achievement record book, so that it can make it difficult for parents and teachers to monitor the learning process of the students. To overcome this problem, the authors take advantage of technological developments by building a system that can be used to access data on student achievement in real time. This research also adds a feature to register new students, so that parents can register their children online. In this research, data analysis uses the method waterfall. The results of the research that has been carried out are that all features or functions of the system built have run well according to their function by testing the functionality of the system using the method black-box.
Gastronomia: ciência e profissão
Authors: Rocha Fernando Goulart
Published: August 2021

O interesse de parte da população pelas artes culinárias aliado ao crescimento do mercado interno de restauração coincidiu com a recente expansão de cursos superiores de Gastronomia no Brasil. Passados pouco mais de dez anos do início dessa expansão, o momento atual é oportuno para a análise da construção das bases científicas e tecnológicas desse campo de estudos e da inserção do gastrônomo no mercado de trabalho no país. De maneira geral, os objetivos deste trabalho são: discutir a maneira como a Gastronomia elabora seu discurso epistemológico e opera metodologicamente a fim de ser reconhecida como ciência, e avaliar a inserção dos gastrônomos no setor restauração. Para a metodologia, são apresentadas e discutidas as ideias centrais de pesquisas acadêmicas e de programas de estudos em Gastronomia e como essas informações repercutem na atuação profissional do gastrônomo. Dentre os resultados, ressalta-se a necessidade de ressignificação de conceitos e métodos na perspectiva de construção de uma ciência Gastronômica, bem como a maior afinidade entre as competências científicas e tecnológicas dos cursos superiores de Gastronomia com as demandas do mercado de trabalho. Como conclusão, espera-se que as questões levantadas produzam debates que contribuam para o fortalecimento do ensino e da pesquisa em Gastronomia no Brasil.
Crocheting Mathematics Through COVID-19
Authors: Aslan Beyza
Published: August 2021

As it is often said, something good often comes out of most bad situations. The time I spent during COVID-19, at home and isolated with my two children, brought out one secret passion in me: crocheting. Not only did it help me pass the time in a sane and productive way, but also it gave me a new goal in life. It connected my math side with my artistic side. It gave me a new perspective to look at math, and helped me help others see math in a positive way.
Felix Hausdorff’s Poem “Den Ungeflügelten”
Authors: Elkins Benjamin
Published: August 2021

In 1900, Felix Hausdorff published Ekstasen (Ecstasy) under the pseudonym Paul Mongré. The book is comprised of 157 poems (70 sonnets, 32 rondels, 25 "mixed poems", where Hausdorff effortlessly combines different types of poetic styles, and 30 more poems). Den Ungeflügelten (To The Wingless Ones) is the first poem in this book and provides an interesting self-portrait of Hausdorff as he embraces his muse with confidence. Here I present an English translation of this poem without (much) commentary.
The Little Prince -- The Lost Chapter
Authors: Podlubny Igor
Published: August 2021

A "lost chapter" from Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's Le Petite Prince about the Little Prince visiting a mathematician, written in French in the style of the original work, is presented along with several translations.
Ubiratan D’Ambrosio: Celebrating His Life and Legacy
Authors: Rosa Milton , Orey Daniel
Published: August 2021

On May 12th, Brazil and the world said goodbye to one of its biggest names in mathematics education, Ubiratan D’Ambrosio (December 8, 1932 – May 12, 2021). D’Ambrosio is recognized both throughout Brazil and internationally for having been the creator of ethnomathematics, a concept that acknowledges, values, and respects different mathematical ideas, procedures, and practices developed by the members of distinct cultural groups. D’Ambrosio analyzed the history of explanations of life and of natural evolution in different cultures. In the last years, his motivation had been the pursuit of peace, in all its four dimensions: individual, social, environmental, and military. In this paper we pay homage to Ubiratan D’Ambrosio, sharing our thoughts related to his personal, professional, and academic life.
Enhancement of the Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Characteristics of Mg by Adding Small Amounts of Nickel and Titanium
Authors: SONG Myoung Youp , KWAK Young Jun
Published: August 2021

We compared the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation properties of Mg-based alloys to which small amounts of transition elements (Ni and Ti), halides (TaF5 and VCl3), and complex hydrides (LiBH4 and NaAlH4) were added through grinding in a hydrogen atmosphere (reactive milling). Mg-1.25Ni-1.25Ti is one of the samples compared, having a composition of 97.5 wt.% Mg + 1.25 wt.% Ni and 1.25 wt.% Ti. Even though Mg-1.25Ni-1.25Ti did not have the highest initial hydrogenation rate, it had the largest quantities of hydrogen absorbed and released for 60 min and the highest initial dehydrogenation rate. In addition, Mg-1.25Ni-1.25Ti did not show the incubation period in the dehydrogenation. We thus investigated the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation properties of Mg-1.25Ni-1.25Ti in more detail. Activated Mg-1.25Ni-1.25Ti absorbed 5.91 wt.% H in 12 bar H2 and released 5.80 wt.% H in 1.0 bar H2 at 593 K for 60 min at n = 3. For 5 wt.% hydrogen absorption by Mg-1.25Ni-1.25Ti, 18.7 min was required at 593 K in 12 bar H2 at n = 3. Although only small amounts of Ni and Ti were added, the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation properties of Mg were greatly improved. Ni and Ti-added Mg had a higher initial dehydrogenation rate and a larger Hd (60 min) than only Ni-added Mg, suggesting that the TiH1.924 and NiTi formed in Mg-1.25Ni-1.25Ti play roles in the increases in the initial dehydrogenation rate and Hd (60 min), probably acting as active sites for the nucleation of the Mg-H solid solution phase.
Recent Advances in Algal Biomass Production
Authors: Rajvanshi Meghna , Sayre Richard
Published: August 2021

The promise of algae to address the renewable energy and green-product production demands of the globe has yet to be realized. Over the past ten years, however, there has been a substantial investment and interest in realizing the potential of algae to meet these needs. Tremendous progress has been achieved. Ten years ago, the price of gasoline produced from algal biomass was 20-fold greater than it is today. Technoeconomic models indicate that algal biocrude produced in an optimized cultivation, harvesting, and biomass conversion facility can achieve economic parity with petroleum while reducing carbon-energy indices substantially relative to petroleum-based fuels. There is also an emerging recognition that algal carbon capture and sequestration as lipids may offer a viable alternative to direct atmospheric CO2 capture and sequestration. We review recent advances in basic and applied algal biomass production from the perspectives of algal biology, cultivation, harvesting, energy conversion, and sustainability. The prognosis is encouraging but will require substantial integration and field testing of a variety of technology platforms to down select the most economical and sustainable systems to address the needs of the circular economy and atmospheric carbon mitigation.
Application of Carbon Nanomaterials Decorated Electrochemical Sensor for Analysis of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Nanda Srivastva Abhay
Published: August 2021

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), especially carbon nanotubes and graphene, have been attracting tremendous attention in environmental analysis for rapid and cost effective detection of various analytes by electrochemical sensing. CNMs can increase the electrode effective area, enhance the electron transfer rate between the electrode and analytes, and/or act as catalysts to increase the efficiency of electrochemical reaction, detection, adsorption and removal are of great significance. Various carbon nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, mesoporous carbon, carbon dots exhibited high adsorption and detection capacity. Carbon and its derivatives possess excellent electro catalytic properties for the modified sensors, electrochemical methods usually based on anodic stripping voltammetry at some modified carbon electrodes. Metal electrode detection sensitivity is enhanced through surface modification of working electrode (GCE). Heavy metals have the defined redox potential. A remarkable deal of efficiency with the electrochemical sensors can be succeeded by layering the surface of the working electrode with film of active electro-catalytic species. Usually, electro catalysts used for fabrication of sensors are surfactants, nano-materials, polymers, carbon-based materials, organic ligands and biomaterials.
Endocarditis and Cardiac Device Infections
Authors: Benedicto Amparo , Domínguez Lourdes
Published: August 2021

The growing number of electronic intracardiac devices (pacemakers, resynchronizers and defibrillators) and non-electronic devices (percutaneous occluders) implanted, combined with certain common characteristics in the treated population (underlying heart disease, advanced age, kidney disease, multiple associated pathologies), have led to a change in the spectrum of presentation of endocarditis, with an increase in cases related to these devices. These infections pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the complexity of the patients, the microorganisms involved –who frequently generate the formation of biofilm- and the percutaneous or surgical techniques involved in the removal of material. All these circumstances require a multidisciplinary approach.
Appendicitis in Children: Fundamentals and Particularities
Authors: Villalobos Castillejos Alin , Baeza Herrera Carlos , Alejandro Sánchez Durán Miguel , Mata Aranda Jhonatan , Ángel Minero Hibert Miguel , Cortés García Ricardo , Escorcia Dominguez Jorge
Published: August 2021

Acute appendicitis in children under 5 years of age is a diagnostic challenge, its delay is usually dramatic and leaves serious sequelae. It is one of the main causes of surgical intervention, it is common for other diseases to be associated with it and to simulate it. Acute appendicitis is of obstructive etiology and its pathophysiology, the bacteriology involved and the evolution of the disease progresses through its phases, from the simple to the complex, is addressed in each case. The typical abdominal pain of appendicitis, in addition to vomiting and fever at a young age, is most often accompanied by an atypical clinical picture such as diarrhea. Integrating the clinical signs at this age requires the full capacity and good sense of the pediatric surgeon. For a correct and timely diagnosis, unfortunately many pediatric patients present in complicated stages of the disease, which implies decision-making regarding the type of surgical intervention and subsequent treatments.
Nucleus
Authors: Abdulaziz Othman Alkubaisi Noorah , Mohammed Amin Aref Nagwa
Published: August 2021

In our application of AuNPs on the leaf surface, we were pushing the Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV-PAV) source and Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into the plant cell system up on the events of systemic plant defense response. In the infected host cell, the viral coat protein is the first obvious in the cytoplasm. When nanoparticles are applied on leaf surfaces, a large surface area relative to their volume happens. AuNPs solutions are more active and dispersed ooplasm. The correlation between Zeta potential value and Zeta sizer is inverse proportion. Filaments are visible in the nucleopores, the nuclear outline is distorted, and massive clumping of heterochromatin begins as declared. It was mostly found in or around regions of ribosome-associated filaments. Our present study combines TEM and nucleus content in the presence of AuNPS to explore the level of repair mechanism illustrating in TEM micrographs, showing Polyploidy nucleus and segregated chromatin. Multi membranous structure, imaging the AuNPs inside and around the nucleus and Pseudo crystal array is enveloped in an endoplasmic reticulum cisterna (ER).
Non Classical Structures and Linear Codes
Authors: Atamewoue Tsafack Surdive
Published: August 2021

This chapter present some new perspectives in the field of coding theory. In fact notions of fuzzy sets and hyperstructures which are consider here as non classical structures are use in the construction of linear codes as it is doing for fields and rings. We study the properties of these classes of codes using well known notions like the orthogonal of a code, generating matrix, parity check matrix and polynomials. In some cases particularly for linear codes construct on a Krasner hyperfield we compare them with those construct on finite field called here classical structures, and we obtain that linear codes construct on a Krasner hyperfield have more codes words with the same parameters.
Chronic Venous Ulcer
Authors: A.M. Ganod Walid
Published: August 2021

This chapter sheds light on the cause and effect of chronic venous ulcers (CVUs) and the therapeutic procedures used to treat them. In the last two decades, many changes have occurred in the strategy of wound management through the development of adjunctive therapy that supports wound healing. Eventually, the latest development in platelet concentration technology produced platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). It was categorized as the second-generation platelet concentration family after platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) account for 70% of all leg ulcers and are estimated to affect 1% of the population; prevalence increases with age. The chronicity and refractory nature of venous ulcers have a great effect on the quality of life (QoL) and work productivity of patients, in addition to the expenditure of significant medical resources and efforts. Therefore, the goal of VLU management is to induce rapid healing without recurrence, which mainly helps to improve QoL. The first therapeutic procedure used in the treatment of VLU was compression therapy, in which the application of effective graduated compression decreased the overload in the venous system and venous reflux. Furthermore, it accelerated the capillary blood flow and decreased capillary fluid leakage, which alleviated limb edema.
Influence of Heavy Metals on the Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants
Authors: Nascimento Vitor , Nogueira Glauco , Monteiro Gabriel , Júnior Waldemar , Melissa Nunes de Freitas Joze , Neto Cândido
Published: August 2021

As an essential element, Nitrogen is needed in large quantities for being an important component of cellular constituents and for plant metabolism, and its deficiency is one of the most common limitations for plant development. The study of the toxic effects of metal in plants involves a complex system of reactions that can be better determined once having a large attention of the different backgrounds of occurence to determinate how to proceed. The objective of this review is to add scientific knowledge, addressing the main functionalities and characteristics of this relation heavy metals – nitrogen metabolism in plant. Increasing industrialization and urbanization had anthropogenic contribution of heavy metals in biosphere and had largest availability in ecosystems. This toxicity in plants varies with plant species, specific metal, concentration, soil composition, as many heavy metals are considered to be essential for plant growth. Were provided data and reviews regarding the effect of heavy metals on nitrogen metabolism of plants and the responses of plants and the cross-talk of heavy metals and various stressors factors. Is clear to understand the relation between metals amount and the benefit or harm caused on plants, determining then, which mechanism should be activated to protect your physiological system.
Towards a Personalized Web Services Composition Approach
Authors: Abidi Sarra , Bettaher Fathia , Fakhri Myriam
Published: August 2021

Generally available Web Services (WS) can not meet the complex needs of users and their adaptation to the environment remains a major problem for the design of information systems. The web services composition comes to address the satisfaction of new and complex needs such as the process we find in most organizations. Its purpose is to perform several services to meet user demand. The satisfaction of a user needs a dynamic and reusable environment to meet those needs. In this context, the user interactions are essential. From there, in this work, we define two objectives: i) propose a service composition approach that allows dynamic services composition and its purpose is to meet a need. ii) Propose a personalization approach for Web services composition which allows the reuse of services while adopting for the context of each user. Our approach is based on the use of ontologies and user profile.
The Paradigm of Complex Probability and Isaac Newton’s Classical Mechanics: On the Foundation of Statistical Physics
Authors: Abou Jaoudé Abdo
Published: August 2021

The concept of mathematical probability was established in 1933 by Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov by defining a system of five axioms. This system can be enhanced to encompass the imaginary numbers set after the addition of three novel axioms. As a result, any random experiment can be executed in the complex probabilities set C which is the sum of the real probabilities set R and the imaginary probabilities set M. We aim here to incorporate supplementary imaginary dimensions to the random experiment occurring in the “real” laboratory in R and therefore to compute all the probabilities in the sets R, M, and C. Accordingly, the probability in the whole set C = R + M is constantly equivalent to one independently of the distribution of the input random variable in R, and subsequently the output of the stochastic experiment in R can be determined absolutely in C. This is the consequence of the fact that the probability in C is computed after the subtraction of the chaotic factor from the degree of our knowledge of the nondeterministic experiment. We will apply this innovative paradigm to Isaac Newton’s classical mechanics and to prove as well in an original way an important property at the foundation of statistical physics.
Low-Cost Single-Family House through The Use of Precast Reinforced Concrete Elements
Authors: Yorel Noriega Aquise Guillermo
Published: August 2021

A technical design is developed to attend and assist populations in need of single-family housing and for populations in post-emergency situations. It exposes a production process of precast reinforced concrete elements, to be produced in a small production plant or at the site, with a minimum of equipment and tools. It is intended to establish a low-cost single-family house construction system with pre-fabricated reinforced concrete elements, which will become a technological alternative to traditional confined masonry construction. It presents a production line of six types of houses. For the comparison, a methodological process is followed, the comparison is made between the process of building houses with precast concrete elements and with the building process by confined masonry, the traditional process most used in Peru. The dominant principle of comparison is the equality of the useful surface of the rooms. The outstanding and visual difference is in the thickness of the walls, in the prefabricated house it is 0.10 meters and in the houses with confined masonry it is 0.15 m. The costs, production times and assembly, of the building with prefabricated elements, is low, compared to the building process by confined masonry. An in-line production process is established, of prefabricated elements with minimal equipment. The basic criterion is to manufacture that does not exceed the capacity of the size of the manufacturing, transport and assembly equipment. A simple process for the assembly was examined, a minimum period of construction of a prefabricated house of 2 hours was determined at any time of the year. The lowest cost, the direct cost has been achieved in VUF 04 at $ 264.50 US dollars per square meter and in total costs of $ 374.54 US dollars per square meter.
The Role of Minimally Invasive Surgery in Management of Chest Trauma
Authors: Apaydin Tuba
Published: August 2021

The role of minimal invasive surgery in management of chest trauma should not be underestimated. The amount of data for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) management in chest-trauma patient is rare. Nevertheless the on-going acceptance and use of VATS for major thoracic resections has led to advanced techniques for management of major bleedings in the elective-surgery-patient. VATS as a procedure for pleural space management in the non-critical, non-massive-transfusion patients can be of great assistance. Its value in persistent non-major-vessel-bleeding hemothorax in terms of pleural space debridement is unchallenged. In some cases VATS is considered to be related to lower ARDS-rates in comparison to open thoracotomy patients, whereby an obvious bias for the non-massive-injury-patients exist. Jin et al. could prove a significant advantage for stable thoracic trauma patients treated through VATS in a randomised trial vs. open thoracotomy.
Psychosocial Impact of Lockdown Induced Setback on Education during Pandemic in India
Authors: Mourali Chitra
Published: August 2021

Educational reforms occur from time to time to keep up the pace of changing trends. The new generations of kids are exposed to modern technology at a very younger age. They are well equipped with the novel usage of digital technology to aid in a better teaching-learning process. Pandemic has invoked a lot of drastic changes in many sectors owing to changing norms and lockdown policies across the globe. In India also these lockdown policies were imposed as a measure to curtail the growing rate of infection. India is a country with a dense population with varied socio-cultural and economic differences. Closure of educational institutes adopted as a strategic measure to face the Pandemic lead to uncertainty among the stakeholders which had a huge impact on the psychosocial domain. The education sector took to the mode of digital learning by offering online classes to cater to the need of the students. Shutting down schools and educational institutes not only paralyzed the social contact a child develops on attending school but also increased the severity of screen time with absolute lack of physical activity among children. This chapter aims to explore the impact of the online mode of education and its psychosocial perspectives during the lockdown.
Cyberchondria and Its Effects on Anxiety during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shekar Suman , Aravantagi Avinash
Published: August 2021

Cyberchondria is a blend of the words cyber and hypochondriac. Social isolation with easily available information on the Internet for little or no cost created a havoc. It is an abnormal behavioral pattern in the emotional state. There were hundreds of social media groups created during the pandemic. Many people including the healthcare workers started sharing their experiences, positive and negative. It created a lot of anxiety and depression among the general population. As we already know people with anxiety and depression react and respond more to information available online without verifying the facts. Though the social media groups helped the readers with innumerable information but it had its flaws. Patients with cyberchondria increased and also the burden on healthcare systems.
Associated Factors and Use of Health Services by Elderly Men in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Mariel de Sousa Vasconcelos Gisele , Maiara Brito Bibiano Alana , Fernando Rodrigues dos Santos Lucas , da Silveira Moreira Rafael
Published: August 2021

The objective of the research was to analyze the factors associated with the use of health services by elderly men in the Northeast region of Brazil. Cross-sectional analytical study with a secondary database of elderly men (n = 3238). The dependent variable was composed of the profiles of the use of health services and the independent variables were factors of predisposition, capacity, and health need. The statistical association and effect were performed using the Rao-Scott test with p < 0.05 and multinomial logistic regression. Elderly men with worse social indicators had a risk effect for using medium/high complexity services and those who had better health indicators were associated with sporadic medical appointment, revealing that healthcare for elderly men is centered on curative and rehabilitative care and that the use of health services is associated with the worst social indicators.
Applications of Alginates in the Design and Preparation of Orodispersible Dosage Forms
Authors: M. Khalid Garba , Selmin Francesca
Published: August 2021

Orodispersible dosage forms are attractive and innovative drug delivery systems that can fulfill individual patient needs, especially in children, elderly and among dysphagic patients. Indeed, they rapidly disperse in the mouth upon contact with the saliva without the need for water or munching. Examples of such dosage forms include orodispersible tablets (ODT), and orodispersible films (ODF). The ability to obtain ODF with different dimensions (sizes and thicknesses) makes them a suitable for personalized dosing of single or a fixed-dose combination of drugs in special patient populations. Several biopolymers are currently being exploited in the development of orodispersible dosage forms including alginates due to their versatility, availability, naturally occurring, and biosafety profile. This chapter provides an appraisal on the various applications of alginates in the preparations and their role on the properties of orodispersible dosage forms and highlights future perspectives of this very versatile biopolymer for these innovative drug delivery systems.
Expansion in Cultivating Almond Trees in Egypt
Authors: Sami Abourayya Mahmoud , Nabila E.K.
Published: August 2021

Egypt spends a lot of hard currency annually to import nut fruits (almond- walnut and pistachio) to apply market needs of these crops especially in Ramadan month. It is known that there are wide uncultivated areas in Sinai despite of its suitability for cultivation. Cultivating nut trees can share in development of Sinai. There are scarcity of these trees in Egypt in spite of the relevance of environmental conditions for growing almond trees in different regions. Since the last 25 years I and a group of scientists studied the possibility of achieving self sufficiency of almond by cultivating in Sinai Peninsula and different regions after carrying out climatic, economical, water requirements, nutrition and genetic studies. Many fruit trees require cold temperatures during the winter to overcome their seasonal dormancy. Most fruit species that evolved in temperate or cool subtropical climates have such chilling requirements that need to be fulfilled each winter to achieve homogeneous and simultaneous flowering and regular crop yields coldness. Monthly historical data of minimum temperature from Central laborator for Agricultural climate of four districts were analyzed in order to determine the changes in minimum temperature from October to February during the period from 2001 to 2010. Understanding monthly temperature changes from October to February during the period 2001–2010 was the first step in carrying out this study. The highest minimum temperature was found during 2010 year during the studied period in the October month for all districts except in November and December, the highest minimum temperature was observed in the year of 2009. Saint Catherine district was the lowest minimum temperature in all months during the studied period. Understanding average monthly temperature trends of the studied time serious from 2001 to 2010 was the second step in carrying out this study. October month was the highest values of minimum temperature and January was the lowest value of minimum temperature at the four districts. The highest and lowest values for temperature were found in Ras Sudr and Saint Catherine respectively. The third step in carrying out this study is to understanding the annual trend of minimum temperature for the period 2001–2010 at the Suez, Ras Sudr, El Tur and Saint Catherine districts. Data shows the average annual minimum temperature at the four districts during the years from 2001 up to 2010 and it can be observed that, Ras Sudr district has the highest average annual minimum temperature while Saint Catherine has the lowest one among the studied districts. It can be concluded that the carried out climatic studies, estimate the irrigation water requirements of almond trees and genetic studies help in solving the problem of achieving self sufficiency of almond fruits through expansion of cultivating almond trees in Egypt.
Titanium Dioxide – A Missing Photo-Responsive Material for Solar-Driven Oil Spill Remediation
Authors: Adamu Haruna
Published: August 2021

TiO2 nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for environmental applications, particularly in the photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants using solar energy. The TiO2-derived photocatalysts attract attention because of their photocatalytic efficiency and activity under a wide range of environmental conditions in response to superior structural and electronic properties. Consequently, TiO2 compares with other common semiconductors used for environmental photocatalytic applications, TiO2 is widely being considered close to an ideal semiconductor for photocatalysis. However, despite the impressive photocatalytic and material properties of titanium dioxide, TiO2 has not to this point been incorporated within commercial hub of oil spill remediation products. Therefore, this chapter covers the description of inevitable technical details required for unveiling the full potential of solar-driven photooxidation potency of TiO2, which have been the major challenges that halt its translation to commercial use in oil spill remediation. This at the end would underpin and make TiO2-derived materials a substitute ready to be commercially accepted as a promising method for remediation of oil-polluted aquatic and soil environments.
Seizures in Adult with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: İlhan Algin Demet , Osman Erdinç Oğuz
Published: August 2021

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 3000–4000 people. Seizures occur 4–7% of individuals with NF1, mostly due to associated brain tumors or cortical malformations. Seizures in NF1 are often relatively easy to control with one or more conventional antiseizure drugs; surgical resection of offending lesions is sometimes pursued. Surgery has been most successful for temporal lobe gliomas. However, if you faced the drug-resistant epilepsy you may consider the cortical malformations, tumors and hippocampal sclerosis. In this chapter, it is aimed to explain the types of seizures, EEG features and the properties of drug therapy in NF1.
Reconstruction of Graphs
Authors: Monikandan Sivaramakrishnan
Published: August 2021

A graph is reconstructible if it is determined up to isomorphism from the collection of all its one-vertex deleted unlabeled subgraphs. One of the foremost unsolved problems in Graph Theory is the Reconstruction Conjecture, which asserts that every graph G on at least three vertices is reconstructible. In 1980’s, tremendous work was done and many significant results have been produced on the problem and its variations. During the last three decades, work on it has slowed down gradually. P. J. Kelly (1957) first noted that trees are reconstructible; but the proof is quite lengthy. A short proof, due to Greenwell and Hemminger (1973), was given which is based on a simple, but powerful, counting theorem. This chapter deals with the counting theorem and its subsequent applications; also it ends up with a reduction of the Reconstruction Conjecture using distance and connectedness, which may lead to the final solution of the conjecture.
Flooding and Flood Modeling in a Typhoon Belt Environment: The Case of the Philippines
Authors: J. Tan Fibor
Published: August 2021

Flooding is a perennial world-wide problem and is a serious hazard in areas where the amount of precipitable water has potential to dump excessive amount of water. The warming of the Earth’s climate due to the increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) increases the availability of water vapor and hence, of extreme precipitation as observed and forecasted by researchers. With rainfall intensity too high, the torrential rains coupled with weather systems that enhances its effects, flooding not only submerges anything low-lying, it also washes away living and non-living things along the course of the river and the floodplain. The flooding is even worsened by the increase in velocity of flow caused by unsustainable urbanization and denudation of the watershed at the headwaters. Nature’s strength is an order of a magnitude that is way beyond that of the strength of men but human ingenuity enables us to transform our living environment into models that could help us better understand it. Flood modeling provides us decision support tools to deal better with nature. It also enables us to simulate the future especially nowadays that changes in our climate is imminent and even happening already in many parts of the world. Therefore, strategies on how to cope with our ever changing environment is very important particularly to countries that are at more risk to climate change such as the archipelagic Philippines.