bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil Physicochemical Properties and Rhizosphere Microorganisms Mediates the Growth of Cigar Tobacco Across Different Ecoregions in Yunnan, Southwest China
Authors:   Yunnan Tobacco Baoshan Spice Tobacco Co., Ltd, Baoshan 678000, China, Shen Junru , Zhang Yijie ,   Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China, He Guoyou ,   Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China, Fang Bao ,   Yunnan Tobacco Baoshan Spice Tobacco Co., Ltd, Baoshan 678000, China, Ren Longhui ,   Yunnan Tobacco Baoshan Spice Tobacco Co., Ltd, Baoshan 678000, China, Zhen Anzhong ,   Yunnan Tobacco Baoshan Spice Tobacco Co., Ltd, Baoshan 678000, China, Tang Xubing ,   Yunnan Tobacco Baoshan Spice Tobacco Co., Ltd, Baoshan 678000, China, Yang Tao ,   Biotechnology and Genetic Germplasm Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China, Kong Chuisi ,   Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
Published: May 2024

The quality of cigar tobacco is influenced by various factors, among which the ecological environment plays a crucial role. However, it remains uncertain whether Yunnan, known for its diverse ecological environment, is suitable for the growth of cigar tobacco. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the disparities in soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial community across three ecoregions in Yunnan, namely Longyang, Ruili and Tengchong, located in southwest China. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the correlation of these factors with tobacco growth. The results showed that Longyang exhibited higher values in soil pH (7.78±0.11), available potassium (735.72±198.96), cellulase (1.07±0.23) and polyphenol oxidase (0.39±0.001) compared to Ruili and Tengchong, promoting the growth of cigar tobacco (P<0.05). Additionally, Longyang demonstrated greater soil fungal diversity but lower soil bacterial diversity (P<0.05). Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling further confirmed that soil pH was the primary factor influencing tobacco growth (r=0.802, P< 0.01). Moreover, bacteria exhibited higher sensitivity to soil physicochemical properties compared to fungi, with bacterial structure significantly influencing plant growth (P< 0.05). In summary, the alkaline soil in Longyang, enriched with organic matter and available potassium, exhibited favorable conditions for promoting the soil microbial community and thereby proved more suitable for the growth of cigar tobacco.
Novel Culture Media Made from Sago Pith Waste Used to Culture the Antagonistic Rhizobacterium Streptomyces angustmyceticus NR8-2
Authors:   Agricultural Innovation and Management Division , Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand, Latehnuering Fakih , Wonglom Prisana ,   Faculty of Technology and Community Development, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand, Sunpapao Anurag ,   Agricultural Innovation and Management Division , Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
Published: May 2024

Sag o pith waste (SPW) is an agricultural by-product from the sago starch extraction process. Using SPW supports the bio-circular green economy and sustainable agriculture. Although many bacterial culture media are commercially available, using SPW as a carbon source to develop culture media is considered an alternative way to save costs and limit the import of commercial media. This research aimed to develop culture media from SPW to culture the antagonistic rhizobacterium Streptomyces angustmyceticus NR8-2 and test the antifungal activity of the cell-free culture filtrate (CF) of S. angustmyceticus NR8-2 against Curvularia pseudobrachyspora, the pathogen of brown spot disease in dragon fruit. S. angustmyceticus NR8-2 was cultured on glucose yeast malt agar (GYMA) and glucose yeast malt broth (GYMB) as general media, modified sago pith waste yeast agar (SPYA), and sago pith waste yeast broth (SPYB); then, the bacterial growth was measured. S. angustmyceticus NR8-2 grew on SPYA similarly to on GYMA, and there was no morphological change when it was cultured on SPYA. S. angustmyceticus NR8-2 could also be cultured on both GYMB and modified SPYB, as indicated by spherical pellet development, but the biomass of S. angustmyceticus NR8-2 cultured on SPYB was significantly higher than that on GYMB (p<0.05). The biofilm formation of S. angustmyceticus NR8-2 on the surface of SPYB or GYMB displayed no significant difference in dry or fresh weight (p>0.05). The cell-free CF of S. angustmyceticus NR8-2 was collected and tested against the antifungal ability of C. pseudobrachyspora via agar well diffusion. Cell-free CFs from GYMB and SPYB effectively inhibited the growth of C. pseudobrachyspora with percentage inhibitions of 60.95 and 58.99%, respectively, with no statistical difference (p>0.05). The cell-wall-degrading enzyme activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase showed no significant differences when S. angustmyceticus NR8-2 was cultured on GYMB and SPYB. Furthermore, the solid-state cultivation of S. angustmyceticus NR8-2 on SPW + yeast extract and SPW + dextrose + yeast extract showed bacterial populations of 2.56±1.38 × 108 and 3.38±1.89 × 108 CFU/g, significantly higher than when cultured on SPW alone. The results of our study show that SPW is a novel source for the development of novel media that can be used to culture antagonistic rhizobacterium S. angustmyceticus NR8-2.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DA LAGOA GRANDE, FEIRA DE SANTANA-BA, APÓS REVITALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Santos Silva Eduardo , Taise Bomfim de Jesus
Published: May 2024

O município de Feira de Santana apresenta várias lagoas no seu entorno (FRANCA; FRANCA-ROCHA; NOLASCO, 1998). Entretanto, depois da década de 70, com o crescimento populacional, a utilização das lagoas como deposito de lixo ou áreas alternativas para ocupação humana vem aumentando, sendo que diversas dessas lagoas foram ocupadas, aterradas e loteadas para abrigar a população de baixa renda (SILVA, 2013).
The influences of sea surface temperatures on the rainfall onset in the west-south region of Aceh
Authors: Dani Anggun Arwulan , Ilhamsyah Yopi , Purnawan Syahrul
Published: May 2024

Rainfall variability is influenced by several annual global and regional phenomena including the influence of monsoons, El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), La Nina, and local climates. Sea surface temperature is one of the elements that affect weather patterns in Indonesia. This is because sea surface temperature plays an important role in the evaporation process, thus affecting cloud formation and subsequently affecting rainfall. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the effect of sea surface temperatures on the onset in the Southwest Aceh region. The method used in this study is the correlation method between sea surface temperature anomalies (SST) and rainfall. The results of this study show that rainfall in the West-South region of Aceh varies greatly and has an equatorial pattern. The equatorial pattern is characterized by a rainfall type with a bimodal shape or there are two rain peaks during the year, namely around March and October. A positive anomaly in the West-South region of Aceh indicated that the rainfall at that time was higher than normal. Meanwhile, negative anomalies indicate that rainfall in the region is lower than normal conditions. The beginning of the average rainy season that occurs in the Southwest Aceh region starts on the 25th which occurs in September and ends until February. The beginning average rainy season that occurs in the West-South region of Aceh, starts on the 25th basis which occurs in September, and ends until February. The highest onset occurred in the Southwest Aceh area, which was 0,2059, and the beginning of the lowest rainy season or regression occurred in the West Aceh area, which was 0,0122.Keywords:Sea surface temperatureRainfallWest-South AcehCorrelation
Amino acid profile and chemical characteristics by-product process wet rendering of fish lele (Clarias Sp.) and tuna (Euthynnus Spp.)
Authors: Gobel Minarny , Nilawati Jusri , Wiryanti Prisma , Hermawan Roni , Musbah Muhamad
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted to determine the amino acids profile and chemicals content (moisture content, protein, and fat) catfish and tuna products. Wet rendering process, each sample is steamed at 1500C for 30 minutes, after the sample is pressed with the aim of removing fluid from the fish's body. The liquid is centrifuged to separate the layers of oil and air. After obtaining fish oil, the byproducts are liquid / broth and solids (fish dregs). The byproducts (fish pulp and broth) were analyzed for amino acid profiles using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (AOAC, 2005) Chemical characteristics (air content, protein, fat) were analyzed using the AOAC (2005). The results showed that glutamic acid was higher in tuna pulp which was 11.83% and catfish 8.85%, while tuna broth contained amino acid histidine which was quite high at 10.49%, and 11.53% glycine in fish broth catfish. Furthermore, the levels of pulp and fish stock are 12.63% and 78.28% respectively, catfish 11.58%; and 83.45%. The fat content of catfish is higher that is 1.84% and 3.26% compared to tuna which is 1.57% and 2.74% tuna protein is 81.16% higher than catfish which is 75.46%,  but the protein content of tuna broth is 56.84% lower than that of catfish broth which is 69.16%.Keywords: amino acid profiletuna fishcatfishwet renderingby-product
First report of baby crab molecular identification from the North Coast of Cirebon, Indonesia
Authors: Karohmatullah Achmad Mufidh , Sabdaningsih Aninditia , Saputra Suradi Wijaya , Sari Fitria
Published: May 2024

Baby crab consumption has become a growing trend in snack markets across Asia, with rising popularity in at least five countries. Cirebon, situated on the coast of West Java, is a region experiencing particularly high demand for baby crab commodities, notably the locally known "kroyo" crab. However, without adequate information on this species, its future stock sustainability may be compromised. Indonesian regulations governing high-value Crustacea commodities, outlined in Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 16 of 2022, include lobster (Panulirus spp.), mangrove crab (Scylla spp.), and blue swimming crab (Portunus spp.). This study employs both morphological and molecular analyses, utilizing DNA barcoding techniques. Male (AMJ) and female (AMB) crabs were collected in February 2023 from Gebang Waters, Cirebon, Indonesia. Morphological identification followed guidelines established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for crabs, while molecular identification utilized the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene. Morphological features such as carapace characteristics, front-orbital border, and cheliped spine morphology categorize the specimens under the genus Charybdis. Specifically, the presence of two spines in the cheliped indicates classification as Charybdis anisodon, a conclusion supported by molecular analysis revealing a 98.92–98.96% similarity with C. anisodon. Further analysis of the stock of this crab species is necessary to enhance awareness of its exploitation and inform sustainable management practices.Keywords:Baby crabDNA barcodingFisheries managementIdentificationMorphological
Therapy hormone PMSG (Oodev) through feed on the reproductive performance of Bileh fish (Rasbora maninjau Lumbantobing, 2014)
Authors: Zulfadhli Zulfadhli , Saputra Fazril , Fujaya Yushinta
Published: May 2024

Efforts to cultivate bileh fish (Rasbora maninjau) experience obstacles in providing seeds due to controlled reproduction in aquaculture containers is still difficult to do. This is due to the slow maturation of fish gonads, which takes a long time. Internal factors, including the hormonal system, influence the reproductive cycle and maturation of fish gonads. This study aims to determine the effect of PMSG (Oodev) hormone administration through feed on the reproductive performance of bileh fish. Experimental research method with CRD experimental design (completely randomized design). The experiment consisted of 4 treatments (P) with three replications. The treatments were PMSG hormone (Oodev) with different doses, namely 0 (P1), 0.5 (P2), 1 (P3), and 2 ml/kg feed (P4). The research phase included the preparation of containers and fish, preparing hormones and feed, rearing, and data collection. Parameters taken and evaluated include gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), estradiol concentration, fecundity, and egg diameter. Data were processed and analyzed using statistics (Anova). The results showed that the administration of PMSG hormone (Oodev) through feed had a significant effect on GSI, HSI, estradiol concentration, fecundity, and egg diameter (P0.05). The best treatment was P3 (1 ml/kg) with a GSI value of 8.25%, HSI of 0.41%, estradiol level of 22.46pg/mL, fecundity of 3207 eggs, and egg diameter of 0.85mm.Keywords:PMSGOodevPerformanceReproductionBileh fish
Seagrass growth at different turbidity levels
Authors: Lisdayanti Eka , Rappe Rohani Ambo , Asriani Nenni , Handayani Nur Tri , Limbong Steven Rante
Published: May 2024

Seagrass beds are highly productive ecosystems and have ecosystem services in the coastal zone but are continuously declining globally. Mainly due to anthropogenic activities that reduce the amount of light entering the waters and reaching seagrasses, such as dredging, reclamation, sedimentation, and eutrophication. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between turbidity level and seagrass composition and morphology. The observations were conducted in November 2016 in Pangkep district on Sagara Island and Makassar City on Barrang Lompo and Lae-lae Island, South Sulawesi Province. The observation stations are determined based on the level of turbidity conditions. Sagara Island, Barrang Lompo, and Lae-lae are areas that are considered to represent turbid waters, by laying a line transect (roll meter) perpendicular to the coast and doing it 3 times. The data collected in this study related to seagrass conditions such as seagrass composition and seagrass morphometrics. Variables observed in seagrass leaf morphometric observations were leaf surface area and leaf width, leaf thickness, and distance between internodes. In addition, other data collected is environmental parameter data, such as currents, TSS, PAR, temperature, and salinity.  One-way ANOVA analysis showed that there was a difference in turbidity levels between Barrang Lompo Island, Sagara Island, and Lae-lae Island with a significance value of 0.000.  The types of seagrasses found on Barrang Lompo with light availability of 1735.23 µmol/m²/s are Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, Thalassia hemprichii. On P. Sagara with light availability of 170.01 µmol/m²/s, E. acoroides, T. hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, H. uninervis, and H. ovalis were found. Whereas in P. Lae-lae only E. acoroides was found. The results showed that the level of turbidity has an influence on seagrass morphometrics, namely leaf ratio and leaf thickness of E. acoroides species, and internode distance in H. uninervis species. Keywords:Availability of lightMorphometricsPARSeagrass bedsTurbidity
Front Matter
Authors: Setiawan Ichsan
Published: May 2024

https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/depik/about/editorialTeam
Secondary traumatic stress and trauma-informed practice in higher education students: an exploratory study
Authors: Conroy Diana , Babicova Ivana
Published: May 2024

The helping professions have long understood that secondary traumatic stress and its counterparts of burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma are a problem for workers in the field. However, less is known about the impact of the issue on students who have placements. Using the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), this quantitative research study seeks to explore if a convenience sample of 45 students on two programmes in the field was affected. The results show several non-significant results, suggesting that the number of weekly caring responsibility hours did not predict perceived STSS scores after placement and that high-scoring students have shown no significant difference in STSS scores before and after placement. Overall, we also found that the subsample of ten students with caring responsibilities had higher STSS scores. The article discusses well-being in students generally, incorporating trauma-informed perspectives. While no students in this study were affected, the discussion examines what can be done to better support students from an ecological perspective to protect and prepare them for their placements and future careers. Finally, this article calls for policy and practice in education and the curricula of the helping professions to routinely incorporate awareness of the issues in training and supervision.
Quantifying tissue temperature changes induced by infrared neural stimulation: numerical simulation and MR thermometry
Authors: Xi Yinghua , Schriver Kenneth E. , Roe Anna Wang , Zhang Xiaotong
Published: May 2024

Infrared neural stimulation (INS) delivered via short pulse trains is an innovative tool that has potential for us use for studying brain function and circuitry, brain machine interface, and clinical use. The prevailing mechanism for INS involves the conversion of light energy into thermal transients, leading to neuronal membrane depolarization. Due to the potential risks of thermal damage, it is crucial to ensure that the resulting local temperature increases are within non-damaging limits for brain tissues. Previous studies have estimated damage thresholds using histological methods and have modeled thermal effects based on peripheral nerves. However, additional quantitative measurements and modeling studies are needed for the central nervous system. Here, we performed 7 T MRI thermometry on ex vivo rat brains following the delivery of infrared pulse trains at five different intensities from 0.1-1.0 J/cm2 (each pulse train 1,875 nm, 25 us/pulse, 200 Hz, 0.5 s duration, delivered through 200 µm fiber). Additionally, we utilized the General BioHeat Transfer Model (GBHTM) to simulate local temperature changes in perfused brain tissues while delivering these laser energies to tissue (with optical parameters of human skin) via three different sizes of optical fibers at five energy intensities. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that a 0.5 second INS pulse train induces an increase followed by an immediate drop in temperature at stimulation offset. The delivery of multiple pulse trains with 2.5 s interstimulus interval (ISI) leads to rising temperatures that plateau. Both thermometry and modeling results show that, using parameters that are commonly used in biological applications (200 µm diameter fiber, 0.1-1.0 J/cm2), the final temperature increase at the end of the 60 sec stimuli duration does not exceed 1°C with stimulation values of 0.1-0.5 J/cm2 and does not exceed 2°C with stimulation values of up to 1.0 J/cm2. Thus, the maximum temperature rise is consistent with the thermal damage threshold reported in previous studies. This study provides a quantitative evaluation of the temperature changes induced by INS, suggesting that existing practices pose minimal major safety concerns for biological tissues.
Direct detection system for full-field nanoscale X-ray diffraction-contrast imaging
Authors: Kisiel Elliot , Poudyal Ishwor , Kenesei Peter , Engbretson Mark , Last Arndt , Basak Rourav , Zaluzhnyy Ivan , Goteti Uday , Dynes Robert , Miceli Antonino , Frano Alex , Islam Zahir
Published: May 2024

Recent developments in X-ray science provide methods to probe deeply embedded mesoscale grain structures and spatially resolve them using dark field X-ray microscopy (DFXM). Extending this technique to investigate weak diffraction signals such as magnetic systems, quantum materials and thin films prove challenging due to available detection methods and incident X-ray flux at the sample. We present a direct detection method developed in conjunction with KAImaging which focuses on DFXM studies in the hard X-ray range of 10s of keV and above capable of approaching nanoscale resolution. Additionally, we compare this direct detection scheme with routinely used scintillator-based optical detection and achieve an order of magnitude improvement in exposure times allowing for imaging of weakly diffracting ordered systems.
Polarization entanglement generation in silicon nitride waveguide-coupled dual microring resonators
Authors: Zhang Qianni , Wu Kaiyi , Poon Andrew W.
Published: May 2024

Polarization-entangled photon pair sources exhibiting nonlocal quantum correlations are crucial to developments of quantum computing, quantum communications, quantum cryptography, and quantum sensing technologies. On-chip polarization entanglement generation thus constitutes one enabling component for integrated quantum photonic circuits. Here, we present to our knowledge the first polarization-entangled photon pair sources in a silicon nitride platform for integrated quantum photonic circuits. We demonstrate the generation of a polarization-entangled state by adopting a configuration comprising dual microring resonators, with nearly degenerate transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarized cavity resonances for the two resonators coupled in series to a common bus waveguide. We measure two-photon interference and quantum state tomography to characterize the polarization entanglement of the generated state and to reconstruct the density matrix. Our experiments reveal a visibility of 96.4% ± 3.1% and of 86.7% ± 3.2% with the |H⟩ and |V⟩ bases, respectively (and a visibility of 89.4% ± 6.6% and 81.3% ± 7.3% with the |D⟩ and |A⟩ bases), and a fidelity of ∼75.7% from the tomographic reconstructed density matrix.
Development of a four-color quasimonochromatic X-ray microscope for laser plasma research
Authors: Li Wenjie , Li Mingtao , Xu Jie , Li Jinbo , Chen Liang , Wang Xin , Mu Baozhong , Zhang Xing , Wang Feng , Wang Zhanshan
Published: May 2024

X-ray multicolor imaging diagnosis obtains the spatial distribution of the imploding core during laser inertial confinement fusion. We propose a four-color quasimonochromatic X-ray microscope based on the Kirkpatrick–Baez microscope configuration, covering the medium-to-high-energy X-ray range. Composed of single-layer film mirrors and periodic multilayer film mirrors, the microscope features high spatial resolution and spectral resolution. Furthermore, zoned coating technology achieves common field-of-view (FOV) imaging at four energy points: 4.51, 6.4, 8.4, and 9.67 keV. When assembled and calibrated in the laboratory, the microscope achieved central FOV spatial resolutions of 3.9, 3.7, 4.0, and 4.1 µm at 4.51, 6.4, 8.04, and 9.67 keV, respectively. Finally, a spectral calibration experiment confirmed spectral selectivity at the four energy points.
Full control of density of states in integrated hyperbolic metamaterial waveguides
Authors: Janaszek Bartosz , Tyszka-Zawadzka Anna , Szczepański Paweł
Published: May 2024

In this work, we have investigated the possibility of controlling the photonic density of states in integrated hyperbolic metamaterial waveguide. For that purpose, we explicitly derive mode counting approach, which is suitable for calculating PDOS in metallic-cladded waveguides with anisotropic core. Within the course of this study, we demonstrate that the application of tunable graphene-based HMM as a waveguide core may result in complete control over photonic density of states seen by an electric dipole of arbitrary orientation, located inside the waveguide. In particular, we have shown that very strong enhancement, up to 3 orders of magnitude, or complete suppression of PDOS may be obtained for the given light polarization (TE or TM modes). Moreover, by engineering material and/or structural parameters of HMM, it is possible to obtain all discussed effects on the emission spectrum of almost any dipole operating within infrared spectral range.
Topography reconstruction of high aspect ratio silicon trench array via near-infrared coherence scanning interferometry
Authors: Ma Jianqiu , Huo Xiao , Zhang Jiale , Fan Xiaoxin , Xu Zhiyi , Qiao Wenyou , Li Yin , Wang Yuchang , Zhu Dan , Guo Zhenyan , Yuan Qun , Gao Zhishan
Published: May 2024

Topography measurement of high aspect ratio trench array using coherence scanning interferometry presents significant challenges because the numerical aperture of detection light is constrained by the trenches. Altering the detection light to penetrate the sample like near-infrared light for silicon could overcome this obstacle, but the trench array spreads the detection light. This study introduces a coherence scanning interferometry model based on three-dimensional point spread function and assuming sample is transparent to detection light, which is realized by integrating rigorous numerical electromagnetic field solution to quantify the modulation aberrations of detection light by transparent trench arrays, and theoretical angular spectrum diffraction utilized for far-field interference imaging. This model facilitates a thorough analysis of the aberrations introduced by trench arrays, encompassing comparisons between trench arrays and a single trench, as well as between the symmetric region of the array and the asymmetric region at the edge. Additionally, an investigation into the impact of unified compensation for low-order aberrations on the topography reconstruction is presented, and we find the sample-induced aberration compensation method utilizing a deformable mirror that we previously proposed for a single trench is still effective confronting trench array. Experimental measurements are performed on silicon trench arrays with the aspect ratio of up to 20:1 and the period of approximately 10 µm to validate the effectiveness of our model and measurement methods, thus providing valuable insights for enhancing high aspect ratio manufacturing.
Effective strategy for properly evaluating the relative sensitivity of luminescence thermometry
Authors: Li Leipeng , Zhang Zixuan , Zhang Jiayin , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: May 2024

Over the past few years, luminescence thermometry has been a hot research topic for its non-contact operating mode, high temporal and spatial resolution, and so forth. For luminescence thermometry, relative sensitivity is one of the most important parameters. However, this parameter has been wrongly presented in a lot of literatures. This study aims to solve such a problem. Here, single-band ratiometric (SBR) thermometry, one type of newly developed luminescence thermometry, is taken as an example to show the influence of calculation method on relative sensitivity. It is found that the same set of experimental data could be fitted well by several different empirical fitting curves. However, there are huge differences in the relative sensitivities predicted from these empirical fitting curves. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to take the definition of relative sensitivity as a gold criterion to evaluate whether the fitting curve is suitable.
Demonstration of standing cavity Brillouin random fiber lasers using double fiber Bragg grating arrays
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: May 2024

Bidirectional feedback by fiber Bragg grating arrays (FBGAs) reduced the loss of the cavity and increased stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) gain by bi-directional Stokes wave through FBGA associated Rayleigh feedback of the pump wave. As a result, the Q value of the Brillouin random fiber laser (BRFL) increased significantly, which leads to narrow linewidth. This is different from the ring configuration with unidirectional SBS gain versus dual SBS gain of the same fiber length. Highly efficient use of the SBS gain fiber for coherent SBS amplification suppressed thermal noise associated Stokes wave. Such an efficient SBS laser is realized by a standing cavity BRFL based on double FBGAs. Multiple scattering of light traveling in strong scattering FBGAs enables light localization and the generation of high-Q reflection peaks. Coherent SBS amplification with high Q help to reduce laser relative intensity noise (RIN) and laser linewidth. Experimental results demonstrate that the BRFL supports localized modes by increasing the scattering strength of the FBGA random feedback, resulting in long lifetime and single-frequency emission with 20 dB noise floor reduction. The BRFL with a 1 km Brillouin gain fiber exhibits lower RIN and narrower linewidth than that with a 10 km Brillouin gain fiber due to the stronger gain competition of more modes in the longer cavity length. The optimized standing caivty BRFL with 1 km gain fiber leads to 3.5 kHz linewidth versus 40 kHz from the pump laser. These findings provide experimental evidence that double FBGAs offer a unique setting to control mode dynamics, realizing low-noise single-frequency lasing.
Optical terahertz metamaterial switch controlled via high-stability CsPbBr3 microcrystals
Authors: Cheng Hengzhen , Liang Ting , Li Wen , Zhou Weiyi , Feng Caiyu , Wang Ziyang , Liu Bin , Wang Xinyue , Hou Yanbing , Zhang Yan , Shen Jingling , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2024

Dynamic control of terahertz metamaterials using thin organic perovskite active layers has been extensively researched. However, the preparation of organic perovskite devices requires strict environmental conditions, and the devices are prone to hydrolysis in air, which reduces performance. Herein, we report an optical terahertz metamaterial switch controlled via hybridization with high-stability CsPbBr3 microcrystals prepared through precipitation from a water–dimethylformamide (DMF) mixed-solution. Under light excitation, a modulation factor of 24% was achieved based on the photoelectric and photothermal effects of the CsPbBr3 microcrystals. After exposure to air for four months, the modulation factor remained essentially unchanged, demonstrating the exceptional stability of the system generated. Following the integration of CsPbBr3 microcrystals with the metamaterial, a frequency-shift of its dipole resonance and switching of Fano resonance was achieved, providing a novel approach to dynamic control of terahertz waves.
An empirical study on email use, stress, and employee job satisfaction
Authors: Bouvier David J. , Hwang Esther J. , Hwang Yujong
Published: May 2024

Technological advances continue to create efficiencies in all areas of our lives. One medium dominates above all other technological applications is electronic mail (email). As email functionality expands, so does the volume and differing responsibilities resulting in substantial increase in time and resources dedicated to email use and proposed causation of many unintended consequences. The immense volume of email has exploded, often crippling users and demanding an excessive quantity of time allocation necessary to read and respond, causing inefficiencies affecting job satisfaction resulting in decreasing performance and productivity. The year 2020 introduced COVID-19 into all aspects of our lives forcing a majority of the population to work remotely increasing our reliance on technology. Findings from business surveys suggest that email traffic is consuming an proportion of the working day which has been associated with over-monitoring, workflow disruption, work-life conflict and addition to email – all which in turn are associated with higher levels of work-related stress. Why did the revolutionary technological ability of email transform our feelings concerning it use from inspiration to an invasive essential necessity of our everyday workload? To respond to this question, we examine the effects of email volume on job satisfaction, moderated by stress, and propose a cost effective, efficient, pragmatic experiment to reduce email volume and bring greater realization to the need of controlling email volume resulting in greater job satisfaction.
Generative AI as source of change of knowledge management paradigm
Authors: Kaczorowska-Spychalska Dominika , Kotula Nina , Mazurek Grzegorz , Sułkowski Łukasz
Published: May 2024

The launch of ChatGPT in November 2022 revolutionized the accessibility of generative Artificial Intelligence, enabling conversational interactions. Extensively tested by millions, its influence on management has become a subject of debate. In the digital revolution, generative Artificial Intelligence possesses transformative potential, automates tasks, delivers novel goods and services, and generates valuable insights. However, challenges such as data quality, human oversight, and ethical considerations arise in the context of digital transformation. This research employs qualitative research methods to examine the current understanding of generative Artificial Intelligence and predict its influence on the knowledge management within organizations. By conducting a survey among industry experts, this paper aims to provide valuable insights into the integration of generative Artificial Intelligence and its implications for the knowledge management paradigm.
Religionsunterricht und Ideologiekritik. Zur Dekonstruktion von Verschwörungserzählungen
Authors: Krahn Annika
Published: May 2024

The author distinguishes conspiracy narratives from conspiracy myths or from a conspiracy ideology and decodes possible rhetorical devices of conspiracy narratives. These narratives assume that certain individuals or groups of people influence important events or crises in the world and thus deliberately harm the population, but at the same time keep them in the dark about their goals. Consequently, most conspiracy narratives are basically anti- Semitic, as Jews are usually marginalized in reality, but are portrayed as an allegedly powerful group in conspiracy narratives. This article aims to explain the extent to which religious education in public schools should address and deal with conspiracies and why it is important to do so. As a subject of conviction, religious education in particular is able to critically examine convictions and ideologies, i. e. as a conviction itself. Concrete points of contact with content areas from the core curriculum for secondary school in North Rhine-Westphalia close the consideration.
Das Zertifikat Antisemitismuskritische Bildung in Unterricht und Schule (ZABUS). Einblicke in Forschung und Lehre eines Zusatzstudienganges als Prototyp der universitären antisemitismuskritischen Bildung
Authors: Nord Ilona , Petzke Judith
Published: May 2024

The article presents basic information and research concerns within the additional study programme Critical Education on Antisemitism for Teaching (ZABUS), which is located at the University of Würzburg/Germany. Initial results are presented on the basis of evaluations and questionnaires of religious education students. The authors provide an insight into the horizon of the three-semester degree programme. They argue for an iterative educational design that interlinks research on antisemitism and teaching and brings together its specific nature with the ressources of the teaching profession.
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema following β2 agonist infusion for acute bronchospasm
Authors: Benbernou Soumia , Kambouche Faouzia , Ghomari Nabil
Published: May 2024

We report the case of severe acute pulmonary oedema (APO) secondary to the administration of salbut-amol to a postpartum patient treated for acute bronchospasm. The diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema was suspected on the clinical examination, chest radiography, biological and echocardiographic findings. Rapid improvement under dobutamine and mechanical ventilation argue in favour of cardiogenic pulmo-nary edema.The young age of our patient, the absence of history of cardiovascular disease and the chro-nology of this complication onset regarded to salbutamol infusion could suggest β2 agonist involvement in this event. The improvement of cardiac function on echocardiography
Tecnologías emergentes y activas en educación
Authors: Sáez López José Manuel
Published: May 2024

Este libro aborda las potencialidades de las Tecnologías Emergentes y Activas en el ámbito educativo desde visiones teórico-prácticas de diferentes académicos españoles que desarrollan su actividad profesional en el ámbito universitario. El libro se estructura en dos bloques temáticos. En el primer bloque, se analizan los beneficios, riesgos e implicaciones del uso de estas tecnologías en educación. Se plantean y perfilan aspectos como la conceptualización teórica de las tecnologías emergentes y activas, los riesgos socioeducativos del uso inadecuado de la tecnología, así como las implicaciones educativas y culturales de la presencia del móvil en las aulas. En el segundo bloque temático, se profundiza en los enfoques didácticos que pueden adoptar las Tecnologías Emergentes y Activas. Se discuten temas como el uso de herramientas geolocalizadas y narrativas digitales en la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales, el análisis de los contenidos educativos en YouTube, y la implementación del aprendizaje basado en proyectos con enfoques gamificados y de codificación. Asimismo, se presentan ejemplos para la integración de la realidad virtual en la enseñanza de idiomas y el empleo del videoarte como herramienta pedagógica para promover la educación integral y los valores de justicia social. En conjunto, este libro ofrece una visión profunda y multidisciplinar sobre cómo las tecnologías emergentes y activas están transformando el panorama educativo. Esto lo hace, proporcionando reflexiones teóricas, resultados de investigación y experiencias prácticas que resultarán de gran interés para académicos, investigadores y profesionales de la educación interesados en el uso efectivo de la tecnología en el ámbito educativo.
Do We Learn Anything from Kirshner?
Authors: Krasner Stephen D.
Published: May 2024

Kirshner may be right that domestic politics does matter, but he does not tell us how to understand domestic politics. How are we, for instance, to understand domestic cohesion? How are we to understand national purpose? More important, what is the impact of nuclear weapons? Do these weapons obliterate all past information about power? Are nuclear weapons all that matter? Is it possible to fight a limited nuclear war? Is North Korea as strong as the United States? Such questions have been around since the 1950s. Kirshner does not help us to answer them.
The Weight of History After October 7 and the Gaza War: Shaping a New Future
Authors: Strawson John
Published: May 2024

The trauma of the October 7 massacre for Israelis and the catastrophe that Gazans have experienced in the subsequent war mark a new stage in the Palestinian–Israeli conflict. While October 7 and indeed the Israeli response are exceptional, we cannot overcome their consequences without addressing the root of the conflict. Calls for an immediate ceasefire are understandable but fall into the trap of seeing the solution as being a military decision. This echoes to the attitude of the current Israeli government which poses the response to October 7 as a military one. A new international political initiative is required to change the atmosphere by setting the goal of resolving the conflict on the basis of self-determination for both Israelis and Palestinians. That needs to inform the approach we adopt to ending the current conflict by replacing Hamas and Israel in Gaza with an international security mechanism.
Applying the Milan models to setting analytical performance specifications – considering all the information
Authors: Jones Graham R.D. , Bell Katy J.L. , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Loh Tze Ping , Lord Sally , Sandberg Sverre , Smith Alison F. , Horvath Andrea Rita
Published: May 2024

Analytical performance specifications (APS) are used for decisions about the required analytical quality of pathology tests to meet clinical needs. The Milan models, based on clinical outcome, biological variation, or state of the art, were developed to provide a framework for setting APS. An approach has been proposed to assign each measurand to one of the models based on a defined clinical use, physiological control, or an absence of quality information about these factors. In this paper we propose that in addition to such assignment, available information from all models should be considered using a risk-based approach that considers the purpose and role of the actual test in a clinical pathway and its impact on medical decisions and clinical outcomes in addition to biological variation and the state-of-the-art. Consideration of APS already in use and the use of results in calculations may also need to be considered to determine the most appropriate APS for use in a specific setting.
Analytical validation of the Mindray CL1200i analyzer high sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay: MERITnI study
Authors: Fabre-Estremera Blanca , Schulz Karen , Ladd Alanna , Sexter Anne , Apple Fred S.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study performed an analytical validation study of the Mindray high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assay addressing limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD), precision, linearity, analytical specificity and sex-specific 99th percentile upper reference limits.

Methods

LoB, LoD, precision, linearity and analytical specificity were studied according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. We used one reagent lot and one CL1200i analyzer. Skeletal troponin I and T, cardiac troponin T, troponin C, actin, tropomyosin, myosin light chain, myoglobin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) were studied for cross-reactivity. Interference with biotin was examined. Lithium heparin samples (one freeze thaw cycle) from healthy males and females were measured to determine the 99th percentiles by using the non-parametric method. Analyses were performed before and after excluding subjects with clinical conditions and/or increased surrogate biomarkers.

Results

The Mindray hs-cTnI assay met criteria to be considered as a hs-cTn assay. LoB and LoD was <0.1 ng/L and 0.1 ng/L, respectively. Repeatability had a coefficient of variation 1.2–3.8 %, and within-laboratory imprecision 1.7–5.0 %. The measuring interval ranged from 1.1 to 28,180 ng/L. The analytical specificity was clinically acceptable for the interferents studied. After exclusions, the 99th percentile URLs obtained were 10 ng/L overall, 5 ng/L for females and 12 ng/L for males.

Conclusions

Analytical observations of the Mindray hs-cTnI assay demonstrated excellent LoB, LoD, precision, linearity and analytical specificity, that were in alignment with the manufacturer’s claims and regulatory guidelines for hs-cTnI. The assay is suitable for clinical investigation for patient-oriented studies.
Antiquity and Modernity at a Standstill—Interpretating Walter Benjamin’s Allegorical Image and Dialectical Image Through Charles Baudelaire
Authors: Fan Jiani
Published: May 2024

In the preliminary schematization of the Arcades Project, Walter Benjamin conceived the title “Antiquity and Modernity” for the second part of the book. In his unpublished paper “Introduction to Charles Baudelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism,” Michael Jennings asserts that the second part of the book on Baudelaire develops, as a formal element of allegorical perception, the “dissolve” through which antiquity comes to light in modernity and modernity in antiquity. In Baudelaire’s terms, nothing in his own century comes closer to the task of the hero of antiquity than the task of giving form to modernity. This paper investigates how Walter Benjamin, by interpreting Baudelaire’s two poems—“The Swan” and “To a Woman Passing By”—processed a symptomatic diagnosis of modernity and attempted different methods of salvation for modernity. In the first attempt, Benjamin resorts to the allegorical images of ancient myths to break through the projection of the linear chain of historical progress, but he suffers from a sense of incurable melancholy and nostalgia due to the irretrievable ancient grandeur in modernity. In the second attempt, he replaces these melancholic allegories with dialectic images in the hope of awakening the masses from the Capitalist phantasmagoria. Nevertheless, from a fundamentalist Marxist point of view, Walter Benjamin’s mystification of Marxist dialectics and his revised Marxism focus mainly on the transformation of consciousness. It is thus arguable that Benjamin distorted and reversed the hierarchy of superstructure and economic base in the orthodox Marxist historical materialism. More regrettably, Benjamin’s dialectic image pales into insignificance due to its confinement within the transformation of mass consciousness and its renouncement of revolution in the economic and production realms.
Effects of addition of Er and Zr on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Mn–Si–Mg alloy
Authors: Ma Chenxi , Rong Li , Wei Wu , Wen Shengping , Wang Zezhong , Zhou Li , Chen Jiongshen , Wang Xiaobo , Huang Hui
Published: May 2024

The effects of addition of Er and Zr on the aging precipitation phase and mechanical properties in cast Al–Cu–Mn–Si–Mg alloy were studied. The addition of Er and Zr can refine the as-cast grains. The average grain size of as-cast alloy containing Er and Zr is 140.60 μm, while the average grain size of as-cast alloy without Er and Zr is 168.54 μm. After T6 heat treatment, the yield strength of the alloy containing Er and Zr reached 334.3 MPa, while the yield strength of the alloy without Er and Zr was only 284.3 MPa. After aging the strengthening precipitates of both alloys contain θ′ phase, Q′ phase and T phase. In the alloys containing Er and Zr the Al3(Er, Zr) phase with L12 structure precipitated during the solution process, which reduced the diameter of the θ′ phase during subsequent aging. After T6 heat treatment, the precipitation strengthening contributed 67.09 % and 61.31 % to the total strength of the alloy with Er, Zr and without Er, Zr, respectively.
Cato as Disruptor: Republican ideology and the frustrated imperatores of the 60 s and 50 s BCE
Authors: Segal Noah
Published: May 2024

Triumphal policing in the 60 s and 50 s BCE was unusually intense. During this period, nearly all triumphatores were forced to wait for years ad urbem (outside the pomerium) while their petitions were obstructed by their opponents, a trend that certainly contributed to an historically low rate of processions (an average of around one every three years). No figure appears as frequently in our evidence for triumphal policing and obstruction in the late Republic as Cato the Younger. Whereas scholarship has previously discussed his triumphal interventions through familiar (and problematic) lenses (e. g., Cato the “arch-conservative,” Cato the “political nemesis of Caesar,” Cato the “unrealistic citizen of Plato’s Republic”), this piece offers a new reading of Cato’s letter on the topic (Fam. 15.5), contending that Cato’s interest in the triumph was motivated by his anxiety over the use of military achievement to legitimize aristocratic political power. When read correctly and in context, Cato’s beliefs and actions regarding the triumph were revisionist, not conservative; ideological, not personal; and genuinely interested in bringing about tangible change in Roman political culture.