bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of fennel, and its major component trans-anethole against social isolation induced behavioral deficits in rats
Authors: Raman S. , Asle-Rousta M. , Rahnema M.
Published: April 2020

Social isolation damages the nervous system by weakening the antioxidant system and leading to behavioral disorders. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is an herbal plant that has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fennel methanol extract and its major component trans-anethole on spatial learning and memory, anxiety and depression in male rats exposed to social isolation stress.

Rats were divided into six groups of Control (C), Fennel (F), trans-Anethole (A), Isolation, Isolation-F and Isolation-A. The rats were kept in the cage alone for 30 days to induce isolation. Fennel extract (150 mg/kg) and trans-anethole (80 mg/kg) were also gavaged during this period. At the end of the course, spatial learning and memory, anxiety and depression were measured by Morris water maze (MWM), elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST), respectively.

Learning and memory were impaired in isolated rats. Swimming time and distance to reach the hidden platform in these animals increased compared with controls (P < 0.05). In the EPM test, the percentage of open arm entries and open arm time also decreased significantly in the Isolation group (P < 0.01). The immobilization time in FST also increased significantly in these animals compared with the Control group (P < 0.001). Fennel and trans-anethole were both able to eliminate these changes in isolated rats.

It is concluded that fennel and its major component, trans-anethole are suitable candidates for the prevention and treatment of stress-induced neurological disorders.
Stable laser-Doppler flow-motion patterns in the human cutaneous microcirculation: Implications for prospective geroscience studies
Authors: Tóth-Szűki V. , Bari F. , Domoki F.
Published: April 2020

Microvascular function has been assessed by determining the rhythmic oscillations in blood flow induced by the vasomotion of resistance vessels. Although laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) allows simple, non-invasive evaluation of this flow-motion in the cutaneous microcirculation, the temporal and spatial reproducibility of such assessments remains unclear.

In the present study, we investigated cutaneous flow-motion in three consecutive years in eight skin regions using LDF in six healthy young volunteers. The characteristic flow-motion frequency was determined using fast-Fourier transformation. Additionally, in two years a more traditional measure of microvascular reactivity, postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) was evoked in the forearm after transient brachial artery occlusion (1–2–3 min) induced by cuff inflation.

Well-defined flow-motion was found in six regions showing significant differences in frequency: the highest flow-motion frequency was found in the frontal and temporal regions (8.0 ± 1.1 and 8.5 ± 1.0 cycles/min, cpm, respectively, mean ± SD) followed by the scapular, infraclavicular and coxal regions (7.5 ± 1.3; 6.7 ± 1.1 and 6.5 ± 1.2 cpm, respectively). The lowest, stable flow-motion was found in the posterior femoral region (5.5 ± 1.0 cpm), whereas flow-motion was detectable only sporadically in the limbs. The region-dependent flow-motion frequencies were very stable within individuals either between the body sides, or among the three measurements, only the infraclavicular region showed a small difference (114 ± 17%∗, % of value in 1st year; ∗P < 0.05). However, PORH indices differed after 2–3 min occlusions significantly in consecutive years.

We report that flow-motion frequencies determined from LDF signals show both region-specificity and excellent intra-individual temporal and spatial reproducibility suggesting their usefulness for non-invasive follow-up of microvascular reactivity.
A varixeredetű gastrointestinalis vérzés ellátásának változása osztályunkon
Authors: Rácz Sándor , Molnár Péter , Héra László , Újhelyi Piroska , Páll István , Sebők Andrea , Sahin Péter
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: A nyelőcső-varixruptura a portalis hypertensio életet
veszélyeztető szövődménye. A 6 hetes mortalitás kb. 20%.
Célkitűzés: Annak elemzése, hogy a varixeredetű
gastrointestinalis vérzés ellátásában a 2015-ben osztályunkon bevezetett
változások hatással voltak-e ezen betegek kórházi halálozására.
Módszer: Retrospektív módszerrel hasonlítottuk össze a
2014-ben és 2015-ben ellátott varixvérző betegek adatait. 2015-ben a varixvérző
betegek ellátásában két változtatás történt: szubintenzív ellátóegységben
láttunk el minden beteget, és minden, varixvérzésre gyanús betegnél alkalmaztunk
terlipresszint. A vérzéscsillapítás sclerotherapiával és/vagy ligatióval
történt. A szignifikanciát Student-féle t-próbával számoltuk. A betegek adatai
2014 vs. 2015: betegszám: 24 vs. 30, átlagéletkor: 59,8 vs. 57,6 év, férfi (%):
70,8 vs. 66,7. A Child–Pugh-stádiumokban nem volt szignifikáns különbség a két
év között, p = 0,53. A betegeket úgy is csoportosítottuk az elemzéskor, hogy az
ellátás évétől függetlenül kaptak-e terlipresszint vagy sem. Ekkor az adatok:
betegszám: 22 vs. 32, átlagéletkor: 60,4 vs. 57,4, férfi (%): 63,6 vs. 70,6.
Eredmények: A mortalitás 2015-ben 23%, 2014-ben 33% volt! A
terlipresszint kapó és nem kapó betegek halálozása: 18,2% vs. 34,4%, p = 0,09. A
kórházi mortalitást a legerősebben befolyásoló tényező a beteg felvételkori
Child–Pugh-stádiuma (A- vs. B-stádium p = 0,05, A- vs. C-stádium p = 0,02). A
Child–Pugh-féle C-stádiumú betegeknél alkalmazott terlipresszinterápia
mortalitáscsökkentő hatása a szignifikancia határán volt (p = 0,055).
Következtetés: Osztályunkon az elmúlt évben a varixeredetű
gastrointestinalis vérzések ellátásában bevezetett változások a viszonylag kis
esetszámok mellett is lényeges mortalitáscsökkenéshez vezettek. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(15): 583–587.
A COVID–19-fertőzött betegek anesztéziájának és perioperatív ellátásának gyakorlati szempontjai
Authors: Végh Tamás , László István , Juhász Marianna , Berhés Mariann , Fábián Ákos , Koszta György , Molnár Csilla , Fülesdi Béla
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

A 2019 decemberében kitört koronavírus-fertőzéses világjárványban megbetegedettek
ellátása jelentős terhet ró az egészségügyre. Nemcsak azért, mert a betegek egy
része intenzív terápiás ellátást igényel, hanem mert a betegség bármely
súlyossági formájában szenvedő betegeknek sebészi kezelésre is szükségük lehet.
Ennek megoldása pedig jelentős kihívás elé állítja az aneszteziológusokat. Ezen
összefoglaló a sebészi kezelést igénylő betegek aneszteziológiai és perioperatív
ellátásának gyakorlati aspektusait hivatott bemutatni. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17):
692–695.
Elhunytakkal kapcsolatos teendők COVID–19-gyanús, valószínűsített és megerősített esetekben
Authors: Farkas Csaba Bence , Petrétei Dávid , Babinszky Gergely , Dudás Gábor , Szabó Gergő , Bognár Csaba , Jäckel Márta
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

A 2019. év végén, elsőként a kínai Vuhan városában megjelenő, SARS-CoV-2
béta-koronavírus okozta járványt 2020. március 11-én világjárvánnyá minősítette
az Egészségügyi Világszervezet. Magyarországon 2020. március 4-én jelentették az
első megerősített COVID–19-esetet, s március 15-én vesztette életét az első, új
típusú koronavírussal fertőzött beteg. Az elhunyt halálának pillanatában nem
állt rendelkezésre központi, egységes irányelv, mely tisztázta volna a szükséges
óvintézkedések körét, illetve egyértelmű leírást nyújtott volna a tetem
biztonságos kezeléséhez. A halottak patológiai osztályra való szállítása,
tárolása, esetleges boncolása, majd végső nyughelyre helyezése, ezek mikéntje
számtalan kérdést vet fel. A fertőző betegségekre, illetve a halottakkal
kapcsolatos teendőkre vonatkozó hatályos jogszabályok nem tartalmaznak elégséges
információt egy COVID–19-fertőzött beteg halála utáni feladatok végrehajtását
illetően. Az országos tisztifőorvos március 19-én felfüggesztette a boncolások
elvégzését, a törvényszéki boncolások kivételével, azonban a szállítás, tárolás
továbbra is problémát jelent. Bár 2020. március 21-én az Emberi Erőforrások
Minisztériuma Egészségügyi Szakmai Kollégiumának Patológia Tagozata kiadott egy
hivatalos eljárásrendet, az ebben foglalt ajánlások a szakirodalom szűkebb
spektrumát reprezentálják, több helyütt kiegészítésre szorulnak. Sajnálatosan a
nemzetközi szakirodalomban szintén – a fontosságához mérten – alulreprezentált a
post mortem eljárásokra vonatkozó adat. További problémát
jelent, hogy a járványok okozta krízishelyzetek áldozatainak kezelésére írt
cikkekben a fellelhető algoritmusok a magyarországitól eltérő jogi környezet
mellett eltérő szervezeti és erőforrásbeli lehetőségekkel számolnak, mely
körülmények a hazai adaptálást jelentősen nehezítik. Cikkünkben a szakirodalmi
összefoglaláson túl a COVID–19-gyanús, valószínűsített és megerősített páciensek
kezelésében részt vevő egészségügyi dolgozók, valamint a potenciálisan érintett
patológiai osztályok számára kivitelezhető, az ellátók biztonságát növelő
javaslatokat, ajánlásokat fogalmazunk meg.* Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17):
713–722.
A koronavírus okozta COVID–19-pandémia. Korábbi tapasztalatok és tudományos evidenciák 2020. március végén
Authors: Váradi András , Ferenci Tamás , Falus András
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

A COVID–19-járvány mindenkit, szakembert és laikust egyaránt váratlanul érintett,
jóllehet egy világméretű pandémia lehetőségét egyrészről az epidemiológusok,
infektológusok, másrészről szociológusok, kommunikációs, sőt társadalmi
szokásokkal foglalkozó viselkedéstudományi szakemberek elméletben már régóta
elképzelhetőnek tartották. Mégis, szembesülve a „real-time” történésekkel, a
napi fertőzöttségi és mortalitási statisztikákkal, szinte mindenki tudatlannak,
illetve zavaróan tapasztalatlannak érzi magát. A jelen összefoglalás tudományos
evidenciákról kíván áttekintést nyújtani. A 2020. március végén összeállított,
korántsem teljességre törekedő anyag természetesen nem kevés olyan elemet
tartalmaz, amely pár hét múlva meghaladott lesz. A szerzők remélik, hogy egy
legközelebbi publikációban mindannyian sokkal jobb és reménytelibb kilátásokról
tudósíthatunk. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 644–651.
ANALISIS NAQD AL MUTN UMMUL MUKMIININ AISYAH RA TENTANG TENDENSI MISSOGINISME DALAM HADIS SUTRAH
Authors: Adilan Dilan Imam
Published: April 2020

Ilmu Hadis merupakan bagian dari studi Islam  memiliki kompleksitas persoalan tinggi. Tidak hanya berbicara tentang aspek aqidah, akhlaq, fiqih atau muamalah. Ilmu Hadis juga membahas tentang aspek lain diluar persoalan keislaman. Salah satunya persoalan gender dalam hal ini hadis, yang dinilai memiliki muatan “missoginisme”[1].Maka upaya para Ulama terutama generasi awal yaitu para sahabat mengoreksi dan melakukan kritik.Fokus permasalahan terletak pada kasus hadis sutrah (batas shalat), pada jalur periwayatan Abu Dzar Al Ghifari dan Abu Hurairah juga hadis bantahan dari Siti Aisyah RA. Pertama, hadis pada riwayat Abu Dzar dan Abu Hurairah menunjukan bahwa wanita merupakan bagian dari  penyebab yang membatalkan batas shalat selain dari anjing hitam, dan keledai. Kedua, hadis dari Urwah bin Zubair menjelaskan bantahan Aisyah dengan matan,“Apakah wanita itu sudah seperti binatang buruknya?”, kemudian ini disebut sebagai analisis Naqd al Mutun. Upaya kritik matan (naqd al Mutn) Aisyah RA terhadap beberapa riwayat ini. Menghasilkan beberapa kesimpulan; bahwa secara etik-moral tidak mungkin Rasulullah SAW menyatakan bahwa wanita setara dengan anjing, dan keledai. Dan secara tegas Aisyah melakukan kritik terhadap beberapa jalur periwayatan terkait “makna” dan urgensitas hadis tersebut        Lalu, para ulama juga memunculkan beberapa argumentasi terkait kasus hadis sutrah (missoginis) tersebut. Dengan analisa komparatif dan library research menggunakan kitab-kitab takhrij, dan syarah. Maka akan ditemukan bagaimana para ulama mencoba mengketengahi persoalan ini.        Kata kunci : Aisyah RA, Naqd al Mutn, Hadis Sutrah, Ulama Jumhur       [1]Misoginis sebagaimana diutarakan Nasarudin Umar dalam desertasi, “Argumen Kesetaraan Gender perspektif Al Qur’an” yaitu sebuah nilai/usaha yang berupaya mendeskritkan perempuan mengenai konsep gender dalam tata-nilai norma kehidupan.(Lihat, Nasarudin Umar, Argumen Kesetaraan Gender Perspektif Alquran Jakarta;Dian Rakyat).hlm.45.
RAWI MURJI’AH IN S{AH{I<H} AL-BUKHA<RI< (Analytical Study of ‘Abd al-H{ami>d bin ‘Abd al-Rah}ma>n’s Transmission in S{ah{i>h} al-Bukha>ri>)
Authors: Humaedi Ihsan
Published: April 2020

This article will discuss the hadith narratives of a person who is considered an expert bid'ah and Imam al-Bukha> ri> load it into the book al-S}ah}i>h}. Using the literature study, this article found that among the hereditary experts contained in S{ah{i>h} al-Bukha>ri is the one named 'Abd al-H{ami>d bin ‘Abd al-Rah}ma>n al-H{imma>ni> indicated includes the Murji'ah group and the scholars differing in their views on the status of the heresy experts, some of them claiming to reject the heresy of the heresy because the requirements of the hadith s}ah}i>h} are not fulfilled that is in the 'adl aspect. Some other scholars see that it can be accepted by bid'ah expert transmission with a condition; rawi do not include people who are considered to lie and transmission does not have a motive for heresy. Then this paper will discuss the transmitter named 'Abd al-H{ami>d bin 'Abd al-Rah}ma>n al-H{imma>ni and his transmission in the book al-S}ah}i>h} accordingly with the concept of assessment of heresy experts.
Muhammad Yasin al-Fadani
Authors: Zulhendra Zulhendra
Published: April 2020

Makalah ini berusaha memaparkan kedudukan ilmiah salah seorang dari ulama keturunan nusantara pada abad 14 hijiriyah. Beliau yang dimaksud ialah seorang yang dikenal dengan sebutan Syaykh Yasin al-Fadani. Beliau yang wafat tahun 1410 H atau 1990 M. Merupakan salah seorang yang mengajar di Masjid al-Haram Makkah pada masanya. Diantara keunggulan beliau ialah besarnya perhatian beliau terhadap ilmu isnad atau periwayatan. Hal ini terbukti dengan semangat beliau dalam mendatagi ulama yang ada pada masanya di berbagai negeri. Bahkan sering beliau mengirim surat kepada sejumlah ulama yang berada pada negeri yang jauh untuk meminta ijazah dari mereka. Pemaparan dalam makalah ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, serta menggunakan metode library reaserch dalam mengumpulan data.
Wage theories: past and present
Authors: Azieva Raisa , Gishkaeva Leila , Edieva Petimat
Published: April 2020

The authors study the essence and evolution of views on such an important economic category as wages, as well as the main modern directions of theories of wages. Salary, which is the price of labor, is considered the most important source income of the population, and its level is determined by the action of certain forces on the labor market, the interaction of demand and supply of labor.

When a market economy is a commodity, labor, respectively, acquires properties corresponding to the product, such as, for example, the dependence of its price on correlation of supply and demand for certain professions and specialties, and, as a result, this price may be unstable.

The first economist to implement a systematic interpretation of wage theory in the framework of a clear classification of income in a capitalist society, was A. Smith, although various theories were put forward before him in this field, but they had a comprehensive character. To date, there are various views, methods, tools studies in the framework of the theory of employment, presented by various directions and schools, the main ones are: neoclassical school, Keynesian school, monetary school, institutional and sociological school, the concept of a flexible market.

The competitiveness of national economies in the global market is determined by greater part of the ability to innovate and perceive the latest technological achievements based on human, intellectual, social capital, that is, quality labor force and employee motivation. Raising wages and the quality of education, modernization based on new technologies, etc. considered as the main factors in the growth of productivity of human capital.
Problems and prospects of metal processing industry and secondary raw materials market
Authors: Belyakova Svetlana
Published: April 2020

The article analyzes the current state of the metal processing industry and the secondary raw materials market, considers the problems and identifies prospects for its development. The relevance of the article is due to the rapid development of new information and communication technologies, thanks to which there is a new way to manage the processes of collection and processing of secondary raw materials, which is based on fundamentally different rules than the traditional one. To create conditions, it is advisable to work on improving the reliability and international comparability of data, the development of quality standards of secondary raw materials, the creation of an information platform of common access, which will not only monitor the development of the economic system, but also to share information with all participants in the sector. The results of the study can be used to improve the methodology for the formation of mechanisms for the effective use of secondary raw materials by processing companies.
Different ages townspeople leisure time analysis in Berezniki town of Perm region
Authors: Zatonskii Andrei , Kopoteva Anna
Published: April 2020

In modern high-paced city environment effective rest is an essential element of satisfactory recreation and human physical and psychological health. It is also an important sector of the national economy and a person development tool. People leisure time structure extensively determines nation development level and is often considered as one of the life quality indexes. In order to study leisure time quality and quantity of Berezniki town of Perm region population we conduct a survey among people of different age and occupation. The questionnaire contained questions about total amount of respondent’s free time and preferred ways of spending it, including physical and social activities, different types of media and hobby. We discovered that total week average leisure time value is about 24 hours with standard deviation of 20 hours. Our study disclosed that most of respondent distribute their spare time between different types of leisure activities: 59.0 % of respondents prefer physical activities, 55.3 % of them like to rest at home, 30.5 % of respondents during their free time participate is social events. Nearly 56 % of respondents claim that they don’t have enough money for their spare time activities, 32 % of them are not satisfied with town outdoor physical activities infrastructure, 28 % – with social activities infrastructure. Ascertained problems solving is an important matter for social stability and economic progress.
The improvement of the quality control in construction supervision using the example of assessing the condition of objects during the warranty period of FTCS lifetime
Authors: Samofeev Nikita , Parfenova Anastasiya , Ganeeva Elina , Sadykov Ildar
Published: April 2020

The system of construction supervision and examination is constantly changing, updating and finds new tools to improve the quality of this work. Updating and adjunction the database are inextricably connected with the analysis of the results of already conducted examinations.

The article contains the analysis of the results of selective and instrumental examinations of one of the objects where massive damage and defects in the facade structure of the Facade’s thermo insulation composite systems have been found. Defects of the facade elements and the facade as a whole can have a significant effect on the possible safe maintenance of the construction object, the presence of people, so it is very important to understand the reasons for the downgrade of condition of this building element, due to the high mass use throughout the Russian Federation and widely.

The authors carried out visual inspection of defects and damages of the installed structure of the FTCS, revealed numerous horizontal cracks of various lengths and openings in different parts of the facade, instrumental selective examination of the FTCS tests at different elevation marks of the building in places of intense crack openings. Here the assessment of the conditions and operational reliability of the facade structures of the examined object is given.

The authors determined the reasons for the appearance of cracks, the main factors of their development and formation are scientifically substantiated, especially, the damages within autumn-winter and winter-spring periods. Further measures for monitoring activities of the facility are identified.

The article gives grounds for continuous professional growth of expert in construction supervision services, besides, the example of the implementation of such tasks in practice is given here.
Current trends in economic development, management and marketing in China
Authors: Astratova Galina
Published: April 2020

The modern economy of China is a phenomenon of global scale, as in a few decades the country has become a powerful power. In the context of strengthening Russian-Chinese economic relations, it is of interest to study the positive experience and forecast the prospects for further cooperation between the two countries.

The article discusses some aspects of the formation and current trends in the development of Economics, management and marketing in China.

In particular, a brief overview of the current state of the PRC economy; identified and described the main features of the national management; author’s position and highlighted nine main stages of evolution of the concept of marketing in China since 1978 to 2019.

Some data of the survey of Chinese students regarding the most popular marketing tools in the coming years are presented.
The development of ways to improve the image of the museum of local lore
Authors: Mukhina Mariia , Bulganina Svetlana , Tsapina Tatiana , Lukina Oksana
Published: April 2020

The article raises the problem of the image of the organization and its impact on the effectiveness of its work. Today, the image is a necessary element of the success of any enterprise and the key to its economic stability. Image formation is important for enterprises that provide the population with cultural and leisure activities. Among these enterprises, particular attention should be paid to the creation and support of the image of museums (regional, rural, etc.) located in places remote from large cities. The article describes and analyzes the main characteristics of the image of such institutions. The article examines the image of the local history museum of the Voskresensky district. A survey of customers and museum employees was conducted to identify the development of the elements that make up the museum’s image. According to the results of the survey and the results obtained as a result of other research methods, weaknesses of the work on creating the image were identified, ways to optimize the image policy of the museum under study were developed. The article describes the work on designing elements of the museum’s external attributes: emblems, slogan. A color palette is developed, the semantic load is described, an algorithm for using the developed external attributes is proposed. According to the results of the study, further developments are planned to improve the image of the museum.
Development of the e-business evaluation the effectiveness indicators nomenclature and methods for calculating their values
Authors: Starkov Aleksandr
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the problem and relevance of the development of the e-business (online store) evaluation the effectiveness indicators nomenclature and methods for calculating their values. It is noted that one of the main stages of evaluating the effectiveness of an electronic enterprise based on qualimetry is the development of evaluation the effectiveness indicators nomenclature. The article emphasizes that the analysis of the effectiveness of the enterprise in order to find reserves for its economic growth and the adoption of management decisions aimed at mobilizing them is possible through the use of a system of performance indicators. The methodology of a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of an e-business based on qualimetry allows you to take into account the whole range of indicators, the diversity of the organization’s activities, and, accordingly, evaluate and compare enterprises as a whole by a variety of indicators, and not by scattered criteria, as well as obtain a single comprehensive evaluation of effectiveness. This will improve the reliability of the evaluation, getting rid of one of the main shortcomings of the expert method of evaluation – subjectivity in making appropriate management decisions. The article notes that the main directions of evaluating the effectiveness of e-business are: economic, organizational, marketing. The indicated directions are reflected in the system of indicators characterizing the financial condition, relations with the consumer, organization of the main business processes, growth and workforce. Particular attention is paid to the developed evaluation the effectiveness indicators nomenclature, which is a hierarchical structure with horizontal connections, where at the first level of the hierarchy there are 4 group indicators: The financial condition of the enterprise; Organization of basic business processes; Customer relationship; Provision of workforce. The features of calculating the values of indicators differing in the type of data (absolutely measurable and indicators «by the set of elements») are considered in detail. The article summarizes that when using the proposed structure and e-business evaluation the effectiveness indicators nomenclature, the effectiveness control should acquire the nature of monitoring, continuous monitoring, necessary for constant adjustment of the e-business goals and ways of their implementation.
Modeling the web service solutions for operational tasks of environmental monitoring of the urban environment
Authors: Karmanova Ekaterina , Kukharenko Anastasiia , Malov Maksim
Published: April 2020

The article reveals the problem of implementing environmental environmental control in cities, where new centers of pollution, unauthorized landfills, etc. appear daily. Despite the large number of activities undertaken by environmental organizations, the problem remains open, because the main resource, the city dweller, is poorly involved.

The authors indicate that often city dwellers do not receive timely information on the possible places for receiving special waste (batteries, glass containers, thermometers), or on environmental measures being taken, and also do not have the opportunity to quickly send an application for the elimination of the place of illegal garbage storage or illegal dumping. And despite the organization of waste collection points, various subbotniks, landscaping events, hot lines for receiving proposals from the population, as a rule, the primary operational task is not to realize – the availability of information in the field of environmental control of the urban environment. To solve this problem, the authors proposed to design and implement a web-based service for fixing and informing the administrative services and the city population about the environmental situation. The service will consist of a mobile application and a website. The main functional requirements for the web service were: the ability to photograph garbage objects; obtaining the location coordinates of garbage objects; sending data to the server without mandatory user registration; displaying the status of garbage objects on an interactive city map.

The article presents the process of modeling the future web service using the notation of a unified modeling language. A use case diagram has been developed that describes the main roles of users who will work with this web service, as well as its functional requirements. In addition, the level of logical presentation of the service in the form of activity diagram is implemented. The physical representation of the web service is described through a deployment diagram.
The use of modeling tools at the stages of database design
Authors: Makhmutova Marina , Novik Novik
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the possibilities of using modeling tools at the stages of database design. Database design is one of the most complex and crucial tasks associated with the creation of an automated information system. As a result of solving this problem, the content of the database should be determined, an effective way for organizing data for all its future users, and data management tools. The main goal of this stage is to develop such a database scheme that it includes the necessary and sufficient data on information objects, their properties and relationships in accordance with the objects of the subject area and the processes of their transformation.

The authors present the results of using modeling tools to solve the problems of the database design stage. Creating models is considered from the point of view of three-circuit architecture, the main principle of which is abstraction. To display the levels of data presentation, three related models have been developed: an external data model that displays the representations of each type of user existing in the organization (description of the subject area); a conceptual data model that displays a logical (or generalized) idea of data, independent of the type of database management system selected; an internal data model that displays the conceptual diagram in a specific way that is understandable to the selected target database management system.

As an example of a subject area, the activity of a school of foreign languages is considered, namely, the registration of students in a school. The main problem is the large amount of information that is processed manually: paper forms of clients are drawn up, reports on the implementation of work are manually generated and filled out. It is necessary to develop a draft database for the registration of students of a school of foreign languages and to further implement it in the environment of the selected database management system.
Imitating modeling of mass service systems
Authors: Yudanova Vera
Published: April 2020

The theory of мass service systems is applied in many areas of human activity – economy, strategic tasks, computer science and technology, problems of natural science, etc. Analytical methods for the study of mass service systems allow you to get only a set of certain characteristics of the parameters of the object under study. Imitating modeling methods make it possible not only to build visual models of the functioning of complex systems with any degree of detail, but also to implement various types of computational algorithms for data processing and analysis. The theoretical aspects of the use of imitating models in the theory of mass service are described in the literature extensively, but not systematically, the issues of using modern software and computing tools in modeling problems of such systems are presented only by a few sources. In this article the author reveals introductory questions in the use of the concept of discrete-event type of imitating modeling as the main tool of research of discrete objects with stochastic character of functioning. A comparison is made of elements of queuing systems and components of a discrete event model. The examples of solving practical tasks on modeling single-channel and multi-channel queuing systems examine the capabilities of the Anylogic imitating modeling environment: a process modeling library with the ability to collect and present statistical data, programming elements to expand the model’s functionality, implement an object-oriented approach in the structure of the model itself and in the tools of the developer. The imitating modeling results are analyzed using an simple experiment in Anylogic as an example.
Monitoring the construction of a large-diameter caisson in sand
Authors: Royston Ronan , B. Sheil Brian , W. Byrne Byron
Published: April 2020

Large-diameter open caissons are a widely used construction solution for deep foundations, underground storage and attenuation tanks, pumping stations, and launch and reception shafts for tunnel boring machines. The sinking phase presents a number of challenges during construction, including maintaining caisson verticality, controlling the rate of sinking and minimising soil resistance through the use of lubricating fluids. This paper describes the instrumentation and monitoring of a large-diameter caisson on a UK construction site. The caisson was instrumented for the measurement of settlement and tilt, soil–structure interaction contact stresses and structural performance. A key objective for the monitoring project was to provide real-time feedback to the site engineering team to inform the construction process. The monitored data revealed the occurrence of complex soil–structure interactions during sinking that are not readily captured by existing prescriptive design approaches. This case history provides valuable information for the development of an improved basis for design as well as an important frame of reference for future monitoring projects.
Challenges and opportunities of municipal solid waste management system in Homs city, Syria
Authors: Noufal Mohamad Jaber , Maalla Zena Ali , Adipah Sylvia
Published: April 2020

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a serious challenge facing both the national and local authorities in Syria. As a consequence of the conflict that began in March 2011, the solid waste situation worsened where collection vehicles and waste containers were damaged or looted, and workers were kidnapped and killed. The unsafe circumstances due to the war, the scarce financial resources, the nature of the inadequate infrastructure and the lack/migration of skilled engineers resulted in weak management and treatment of solid waste. The paper aims to present the current practices of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Homs city, assess and understand the MSW system and its main challenges in order to remedy the current problems in the solid waste sector and to contribute to the building of a future of sustainable solid waste management in Syria. A combination of methods was employed in this study in order to understand the MSWM system of Homs city, and data were collected from scientific literature, existing databases, observations made during visits to urban areas and structured interviews with relevant stakeholders.
Análisis de las Alternativas del Diseño de un Sistema Difuso para la Predicción del Precio del Bitcoin (BTC)
Authors: Roa Jeison Ivan
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Presentar tres alternativas para el diseño de un sistema difuso, con la intención de predecir la señal precio del Bitcoin (BTC) en dólares (USD). Metodología: Se realizó un análisis matemático y grafico de la señal del precio del Bitcoin [BTC]. Los datos de entrada se han seleccionado como precios de cierre para cada periodo, donde el periodo es constante y de 30 minutos. Con esto se busca identificar posibles características de interés, patrones periódicos o presencia de ruido. Resultados: En la primera aproximación a la solución del problema, se construyó un sistema difuso con motor de inferencia Mamdani en el que los parámetros de la máquina se ajustan manualmente, basándose en los patrones encontrados en el estudio previo de la señal y en el conocimiento de un experto en el área. La segunda solución se generó mediante el algoritmo ANFIS, que realiza el ajuste automático de los parámetros empleando algoritmos de gradiente descendiente; y la tercera solución se diseñó a través de la implementación de un algoritmo bioinspirado, conocido como algoritmo genético simple. Conclusiones: En los tres casos, son cinco las entradas del sistema, cada una de las cuales corresponde a muestras de la señal del precio; la salida, por su parte, es la predicción del precio para el periodo siguiente.
Determinación de la influencia del sodio superficial en la susceptibilidad de los mantos de carbón a combustión espontánea en una mina a cielo abierto
Authors: Bustamante Rúa Moisés Oswaldo , Daza Aragón Alan José , Bustamante Baena Pablo , Osorio Botero Julián David
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Identificar si la susceptibilidad a la combustión espontánea de carbón está relacionada por la influencia de la concentración de sodio superficial producto de la cercanía de los mantos de carbón a zonas costeras. Metodología: Se tomaron muestras de mantos de carbón de minería a cielo abierto de zonas ubicadas en diferentes lugares de Colombia, determinando su susceptibilidad a la combustión espontánea por sus registros históricos, luego se analizó la concentración de sodio en la superficie del carbón la cual fue obtenida utilizando una solución compuesta por HCl y HNO3 en concentraciones del 50%, respectivamente, y se determinó la relación con la susceptibilidad y la cercanía costera. Resultados: Se encontró que no hay una relación directa entre la cantidad de sodio presente en superficie y la susceptibilidad del carbón, a su vez, no hay una correlación de los datos de concentración de sodio superficial y la distancia de los mantos a las costas lo que permitió demostrar que la teoría de compuestos iónicos no impacta en la combustión espontánea de carbón. Conclusiones: La variación de los datos de concentración de sodio superficial en la cantidad de mantos susceptibles y no susceptibles varía en un 15% mostrando que la susceptibilidad no tiene relación ni con la concentración de sodio en la superficie de las muestras ni con la cercanía costera.
Prácticas académicas de la arquitectura orientada al servicio (SOA)
Authors: Contreras Castro Mario Dustano
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Definir SOA, los dominios SOA, su relación con la academia y cuales deberían las prácticas académicas. Resultados y conclusiones: La Arquitectura Orientada a Servicios (SOA) está a punto convertirse en una tecnología dominante, su éxito puede depender de una reunión de las mentes entre los arquitectos y desarrolladores de servicios web y modeladores de procesos de negocios que trazaran los futuros requerimientos corporativos.
Obligaciones de los Estados respecto de la protección de los derechos humanos: en el trabajo y la seguridad social
Authors: Mendizábal Bermúdez Gabriela , Ávila Silva Juan Manuel
Published: April 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo fue demostrar que los Estados deben adecuar su legislación interna con el contenido de los instrumentos internacionales que reconocen derechos humanos en el trabajo y la seguridad social. La metodología utilizada fue analítica-deductiva en donde se estudiaron en el ámbito Latinoamericano la aplicación de las declaraciones, cartas, protocolos, mismos que resultaron de observancia obligatoria y tienen un carácter vinculante para los Estados, de acuerdo con los criterios interpretativos de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, caso contrario puede ocasionar responsabilidades indirectas por violaciones a este tipo de derechos. Estos derechos parten de la dignidad del trabajador, ya que, al iniciar, una relación laboral sea de carácter estatal o privada, tienen derecho a un salario remunerado, a la libertad sindical, a no realizar trabajo forzoso, a no ser discriminado, a contar con el derecho a formación profesional, a una protección social adecuada, aunado a los mecanismos que garanticen estos derechos. Así tenemos que la protección de estos en las relaciones laborales entre particulares, es un tema que también ha sido tratado por la CIDH en la opinión consultiva 18/03, que se fundamenta en la doctrina jurídica denominada Drittwirkung, a partir de la cual la Corte ha establecido la obligación del Estado, que como legislador tiene la facultad de determinar, la legislación laboral aplicable a los particulares, por lo que puede ser responsable por su vulneración.
Impact of the need for orthodontic treatment on academic performance, self-esteem and bullying in schoolchildren.
Authors:   Private Practice, Peru., Julca-Ching Kenny , Carruitero Marcos J. ,   Stomatology School. Antenor Orrego Private University. Trujillo, Peru.
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the need for orthodontic treatment on academic performance, self-esteem and bullying in schoolchildren. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 147 school children between 12 and 18 years of age. Academic performance was measured taking into account the final average grades for all the courses; for self-esteem and bullying, scores obtained with validated questionnaires were used. The Dental Aesthetic Index was used to determine the need for orthodontic treatment. The Kruskal Wallis test was used for the comparisons between the scores for academic performance, self-esteem and bullying according to each category of need for orthodontic treatment; a level of significance of 5% was considered.Results: The results showed mean academic performance scores of 13.6, 12.5, 12.9, 13.2 for those who did not need orthodontic treatment, those with defined malocclusion, severe malocclusion and very severe malocclusion, respectively; for self-esteem the scores were 21.6, 20.9, 21.0 and 20.5; and for bullying, 14.2, 15.4, 14.5 and 13.0. No statistically significant differences were found between the scores in the different groups evaluated (p>0.05). Conclusion: The need for orthodontic treatment in schoolchildren showed no impact on academic performance, self-esteem and bullying. The need for orthodontic treatment, as measured by the Dental Aesthetic Index, did not prove to be a determining factor in the presence of such variables in schoolchildren.
Prevalence of dental paleopathology in a Peruvian pre-hispanic population.
Authors:   Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Trujillo, Peru., Chanamé-Marín Ann , Reátegui-Navarro Marco ,   Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Trujillo, Peru., Arbildo-Vega Heber ,   Escuela de Odontología. Universidad Particular de Chiclayo. Chiclayo-Peru. Centro de Salud Odontológico San Mateo. Trujillo-Peru.
Published: April 2020

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental paleopathologies in a Peruvian prehispanic population. Material and Method: A descriptive, observational and transversal study was carried out. The sample consisted of 106 skeletal remains of pre-hispanic inhabitants, over 18 years of age, found in the El Brujo - Magdalena de Cao Archaeological Complex, Lambayeque - Peru. The selection criteria were defined and the presence of dental caries, malocclusion, crowding, dental anomalies of direction and site, age and sex of each bone was assessed using a data collection instrument designed for that purpose. Results: The sample showed presence of dentin caries (62.3%), enamel caries (37.7%), Class I malocclusion (76.4%), Class II malocclusion (4.7%), Class III malocclusion (4.7%), maxillary crowding (15.1%), mandibular crowding (19.8%), crowding in both jaws (13.2%), gyroversion (20.8%), vestibule-versions (15.1%), linguo-versions (17.9%) and dental transposition (5.7%). Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence of caries and malocclusions in this Peruvian pre-hispanic population.
Effects of NSAIDs and environmental oxygen pressure on bone regeneration.
Authors:   Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú, Chumpitaz-Cerrate Victor , Chávez-Rimache Lesly ,   Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú., Franco-Quino César ,   Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú, Aguirre-Siancas Elías ,   Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Laboratorio de Embriología e Histología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú., Caldas-Cueva Victoria ,   Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú., Ruíz-Ramírez Eliberto ,   Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
Published: April 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effects of administering diclofenac and ketoprofen, as well as the effects of environmental oxygen pressure variation on mandibular bone regeneration. Methods: Thirty-six guinea pigs were distributed into two equal groups. Mandibular bone defects were performed on both groups. Group A was monitored under oxygen pressure at altitude (3320msl, 107mm Hg). Group B was monitored at sea level oxygen pressure (150msl, 157mm Hg). Each group was subdivided into 3 equal groups (A1, A2, A3 and B1, B2, B3). Subgroups A1 and B1 were given diclofenac; subgroups A2 and B2 ketoprofen; subgroups A3 and B3 NaCl. Bone regeneration was evaluated histologically on days 15 and 30. Results: After 15 days in the group controlled at sea level, the level of osteoblasts presented by the control subgroup was significantly higher (28.00±2.65) compared to the diclofenac subgroup (16.00±6.25) and to the ketoprofen subgroup (18.00±4.36); (p=0.041). After 15 days in the group controlled at altitude, the level of osteoblasts was significantly higher in the control subgroup (38.00±5.29) compared to the diclofenac subgroup (21.67±6.35) and to the ketoprofen subgroup (19.33±2.52); p=0.007. After 30 days in the group at sea level there was no difference found in the cell counting; p>0.05. After 30 days in the group controlled at altitude, the level of osteoblast was significantly higher in the control subgroup (58.00±4.58) compared to the diclofenac subgroup (34.33±4.73) and the ketoprofen subgroup (34.00±11.14); (p=0.003). Conclusion: The administration of diclofenac and ketoprofen produced lower mandibular bone regeneration, the effect being significantly more negative at sea level.
COVID-19 ARTIC v3 Illumina library construction and sequencing protocol v2
Authors: Pipelines R&D DNA , Rajan Diana , Dawson Emma , Shirley Lesley , Quail Michael , Park Naomi , F Bronner Iraad , Thurston Scott
Published: April 2020

This SOP describes the procedure for generating cDNA from SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid extracts and subsequently producing 400nt amplicons tiling the viral genome using V3 nCov-2019 primers (ARTIC). This is followed by library construction, equivolume pooling of samples and quantitation, prior to sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq. It is adapted from the nCov-2019 sequencing protocol which can be found here: https://www.protocols.io/view/ncov-2019-sequencing-protocol-bbmuik6w.
Tissue Dissociation and Nuclei Isolation v1
Authors: Oyler-Castrillo Paul , Gerhardinger Chiara , Brown Juliana
Published: April 2020

This protocol details a step in the workflow for our contribution to the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) – Comprehensive Center on Mouse Brain Cell Atlas (U19) project. In previous steps of the workflow, we collected flash-frozen tissue from select areas of the murine cortex. Here, we dounce homogenize and digest the tissue in order to isolate the nuclei into a PBS, BSA, and RNase inhibitor solution, which is then FACS sorted to isolate nuclei subpopulations of choice. The protocol is adapted from Habib et al., Massively parallel single nucleus RNA-seq with dronc-seq, Nature Methods, 2017, with additional commentary by Eugene Drokhlynasky and Ehsan Habibi of the Regev lab. Per Gene, this method for nuclei extraction works best; Per Ehsan, this method works very well with mouse brain tissue.