bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
40.4: Research on Reconfigurable Waveguide Devices Based on LCoS
Authors: Sun Ren , Shi Yujian , Zhao Xianyu , Long Zhen , Li Qing
Published: August 2023

Due to the limitation of materials, PIC cannot achieve large magnitude phase modulation in a small size, and lacks the reconfigurable ability. LCoS makes use of the birefringence characteristic of liquid crystal to achieve a large amount of phase modulation in a small size, and has the capacity of reconstruction. Based on the experimental results of LCoS devices and basic liquid crystal waveguide devices, a liquid crystal waveguide is fabricated. While retaining the LCoS spatial optical phase modulation capability, the on‐chip liquid crystal waveguide and phase modulation capability are realized. The beam splitter, optical switch and Mach‐Zehnder interferometer optical circuit structure are constructed, which verifies the feasibility of the on‐chip waveguide structure of the liquid crystal waveguide phase modulator.
45.2: High‐performance Non‐Line‐of‐Sight imaging based on deep learning
Authors: Huang Chenyu , He Jinhui , Wei Ran , Weng Yishi , Wang Wei , Wang Chuang , Zhang Yuning
Published: August 2023

We report a low‐cost, high‐performance and deep‐learning-based passive Non‐Line‐of‐Sight (NLOS) imaging method. This method applies the pix2pix network to reconstruct NLOS scenes and the reconstructed images show high quality. Our method could promote the realization of displaying the reconstructed NLOS images on head-mounted AR displays because of the high imaging quality and high reconstruction speed, thus could be applied to fields including anti-terrorism and autonomous driving where both the reconstruction speed and the image
47.2: An Essential Role of Diluters on the Fast Response Time for High Birefringence Liquid Crystals
Authors: Tang Jiaxing , Yao Chenhe , Mao Zihao , Chen Ran , Chen Xinbing , Chen Pei , An Zhongwei
Published: August 2023

A new liquid crystal diluter was designed and synthesized to balance trade‐offs between low viscosity, high Δn, and large Δε in the LC mixture. Research results indicated that this diluter had excellent properties of low melting point, high Δn, and large Δε. Meanwhile, in a high‐Δn LC mixture, it could effectively reduce the viscoelastic coefficient (γ1/K11), and increase the As while maintaining an equivalent LC phase temperature range and Δn. It means that the LC diluter plays an essential role to improve the response time of LCs.
51.1: Effect of PWM Dimming Frequency of OLED Smartphones on Visual Fatigue
Authors: Wu Zexuan , Wang Lili , Tu Yan , Sun Yexi , Jiang Chunsheng , Wang Daniel
Published: August 2023

This paper studies the influence of dimming frequency of Organic
Light‐Emitting Diode (OLED) smartphone displays on the viewer's
visual fatigue. Results show that, after a short period of viewing
(about 35min) in the dark environment, no statistically significant
difference occurs in the effect of tested dimming frequencies,
ranging from 360Hz to 1920Hz together with a direct‐current
mode, on neither subjective ratings nor objective measurements of
visual fatigue.
53.1: Boosting Power Efficiency and Visual Quality of Automotive LCDs by Proprietary Local Dimming Algorithm, BLU Design and HMI Adaption
Authors: Xu Chihao , Ayasli Ramazan , Schmidt Maxim
Published: August 2023

Local dimming (LD) has been selected as the next mainstream
display technology for automotive. The advantages over current
edge‐lit LCDs and AMOLEDs are significant. Nevertheless, there
are still many issues to be addressed. It must meet tough
automotive requirements and safety standards and display
automotive HMIs with high contrast and circular structures. The
fault tolerance with HMI is much lower compared to displaying
natural contents like that of TVs. Such an LD display is a tradeoff
between performance like power saving and visual quality at one
side and cost at other side. To lift this tradeoff, three methods need
to be worked on and combined.
57.2: Error Analysis in LCoS Phase Uniformity Measurement with Classical Polarimetric Method for Holographic Display Applications
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Li Kun
Published: August 2023

The classical polarimetric method has been widely used in Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) phase depth
measurement with a simple optical setup. However, the current method does not provide sufficient accuracy to measure
the phase uniformity due to interference caused by LCoS cover glass reflections. This paper is aimed at mathematically
analyzing the errors caused by non‐ideal glass reflections, and proposing procedures to reduce or eliminate such errors.
The measurement is discussed in three conditions, including an ideal condition with no reflections off the LCoS cover
glass, a second condition with only forward reflection off the cover glass and a third condition with only backward
reflection off the cover glass. It is discovered that the backward reflection has the largest contribution to the overall
measurement error, and is the main obstacle to high‐quality measurements. Several procedures including optical
alignment, gap thickness measurement and phase estimation based on gap thickness are proposed, making the
uniformity measurement more qualitative and consistent.
P‐1.6: Design of High Charge Gain Oxide TFTs Based Active Pixel Sensing Circuit
Authors: Wang Kun , Fu Jia , Chang Lu , Ji Hongwei , Liao Congwei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: August 2023

Dynamic X‐ray detecting for large area medical imaging requires
high‐gain and stable Active Pixel Sensor (APS) circuit integrated
with Thin Film Transistors (TFTs). In this paper, the APS circuit
using oxide TFTs is studied based on the small‐signal model, and
the charge gain and effects of threshold voltage shift (ΔVth) are
investigated. Detailed SPICE simulations show the charge gain of
the APS circuit of the oxide TFTs is 234 × of that of the
conventional a‐Si:H TFT PPS circuit.
P‐1.10: Robust Amorphous IGZO Integrated Gate Driver Circuit for Ultra Large TFT‐LCD Applications
Authors: Zhou Liufei , Shao Xianjie , Gu Honggang , Chen Xu , Wang Haihong , Xu Zhuqing
Published: August 2023

Recently, a‐IGZO TFTs have attracted considerable attention
for ultra large‐sized and ultra high‐resolution display due to
high mobility and good uniformity. The life‐time of integrated
gate driver is mainly determined by the stability of low‐level
maintaining and pull‐up TFTs, which always experience severe
performance degradation after a long time operation. In this
paper, a robust a‐IGZO integrated gate driver with dual lowlevel maintaining units is proposed and fabricated for ultra
large‐sized and high resolution TFT‐LCD applications. The
simulation and BTS measurement results demonstrate that
proposed a‐IGZO gate driver has a large VTH shift margin,
which contributes to extended life‐time of circuit operation.
P‐2.1: Research on real‐time performance of road condition display
Authors: Dai Zhenzhao , Shen Xi , Li Wanlin
Published: August 2023

Road target detection and recognition is of great significance in the current field of automatic driving, and in the road target detection and recognition, the
high precision of detection algorithm and fast
reasoning speed are very important for safe automatic driving. The YOLOv5 (YOLO, you only look once) target detection algorithm can be used to identify and analyze road targets on the way of vehicles, playing a
role in assisting driving and reducing safety risks. By
using the improved YOLOv5 target detection
algorithm to train the BDD100K dataset, the model obtained can significantly improve the recall rate and thus the accuracy. The improved YOLOv5 algorithm mainly uses K‐means algorithm to find the most appropriate anchors for data sets, and gets more accurate models through real‐time data augmentation training. The results show that, on the BDD100K test set, the MAP‐50 of the improved model can reach 51.8%, and compared with the performance of the original model, the improved model has significantly improved the target detection mAP. Compared with the manual model, the proposed model can detect the
target more accurately while guaranteeing the
detection speed.
P‐2.14: Metasurface Applications in AR Near‐eye Display Devices
Authors: Li Zhengping , Xu Zhiping , Li Ying , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2023

Augmented reality technology is a new display technology that integrates virtual digital information with real physical information and has become an important research field in global information technology. Near‐eye display devices are an important part of augmented reality. At present, traditional optical devices are widely used in near‐eye equipment, but the optical performance of the equipment is limited and the volume is large, making it difficult to meet the market's needs for thinness and high performance. With the development of micro‐nano processing technology, metasurfaces composed of artificial sub‐wavelength scale units, which are both ultra‐thin and can regulate arbitrary light fields, will become a new idea for the development of new near‐eye display devices.

In this review, we first introduce the basic working principle of metasurface, mainly the principle of light field control of metasurface, analyze the aberration of metasurface imaging, and then evaluate the corresponding image quality. Then, a variety of existing metasurface design schemes are reviewed, including the design of structural elements, the overall architecture distribution, the design method of the system, the algorithm used, and the performance index. Finally, the problems to be solved and the future development direction of the current metasurface‐based near‐eye display system are summarized. Metasurface is easy to integrate and has a high degree of design freedom, which is expected to replace traditional optical components. Augmented reality near‐eye display devices based on metasurface with a large field of view and an ultra‐thin profile will become an important development direction in the future.
P‐2.17: The Research Status And Prospect of Augmented Reality in Medical Field
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Hou Yaohui , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2023

With the explosion of metaverse, augmented reality technology (AR) has been well developed. Augmented reality is a technology that connects the real and virtual worlds. In recent years, as the global population aging problem intensifies, the elderly are more dependent on advanced and guaranteed medical technology, AR+ medical has been further developed, and has received investment from many technology giants. AR technology has changed the form of traditional medical treatment. Through the study of AR+ medical treatment, the author analyzed the research results of AR in medical education, hand rehabilitation, medical plastic surgery, clinical medicine and other fields. The future research of AR in the medical field is prospected.
P‐2.28: The Influence of Animals on Relaxation in Virtual Reality Scene
Authors: Zhao Menglong , Wang Lijun , Li Zhengping , li Ying
Published: August 2023

There has been extensive research on emotions based on images and videos, yet there remains ample opportunities for exploring emotions in virtual reality technology. The scarcity of public virtual reality scenes for emotional research has prompted researchers to create their own. This study utilized the International Emotional Picture Library and the Chinese Emotional Picture Library to examine the effect of novel scenes that integrate environment and animals on inducing relaxation. This proposed research idea presents a new frontier for scene customization in virtual reality technology for emotional study.
P‐6.3: A New Inspection and Evaluation System for Electro‐optical Characteristics of Display Module
Authors: Qin Ming , Luan Huaixun , Xiao Enqiao , Xu Peng
Published: August 2023

By referring to semiconductor measurement technology, we have established an evaluation system (CMCI‐G100, or G100 for short), which can provide a novel evaluation model for electro‐optical characteristics of display module. G100 can achieve ns‐ level synchronous acquisition of electric and optical parameters, which is attributed to the optimization of optical, mechanical and electrical design. On this basis, the software algorithm uniformly models the high‐precision synchronous electro‐optical signal parameters, and evaluates the display quality from a new dimension of electro‐optical collaboration. Besides, G100 support high‐precision electrical and optical parameter measurement, which will bring great help to laboratory work. Owing to the electro‐optical synchronization, G100 can greatly improve the efficiency of Gamma correction.
P‐7.3: Unidirectional Observable Window Signage Using Structural Colors Which Enable to Make Images Invisible from Back Side
Authors: Sakamoto Kunio , Tamano Keiichiro
Published: August 2023

It stands to reason that someone observes mirrored imaging according to the direction of viewing if you draw something on the transparent material. The authors dislike this mirrored imaging problem, although it is not a fatal defect. In 2021, our research group proposed window signage using dye‐doped thin film layer to avoid this problem of mirrored imaging. But our 2021 model had a defect that the transparency of a glass window with half mirror layer was less than the general glass material without half mirror because of image generating mechanism. To solve this “reflect surroundings” problem, we needed to find new technology for generating color using a transparent material. This paper shows a unidirectional observable window signage using holographic imaging or holographic optical elements for unidirectional color generating by light controls, how to make structural colors using holographic recording technology and material development.
P‐7.6: Powerful 30 seconds cycle time silicone optical bonding process for automotive applications
Authors: Bilcai Eugen , Singer Eric
Published: August 2023

PiBond has developed innovative optical bonding materials and processes that address the challenge of cost‐optimized manufacturing of complex optical devices and large display modules.
OptiClear high performance silicones provide outstanding performance in harsh outdoor environments i.e., sunlight exposure, elevated/ low temperatures, high humidity conditions… IonoQure is a new PiBond photonic technology for accurately and effectively curing optical (and structural) adhesives in display applications and is suitable for bonding all types of glass and plastic lenses.
With this contribution, PiBond presents a completely new process concept specifically for the optical bonding of displays. The approach enables a slim line design and shows a high degree of flexibility with regard to the mix of component dimensions.
P‐8.4: Research on Chip Layout Design and Printing Process Optimization of Mini‐LED Light Board
Authors: Li WenHao , Zhang Ze , Cheng Yan , Zhou Wei
Published: August 2023

Mini‐LED products are currently attracting the attention of the consumer market. It can achieve high dynamic contrast ratio through local dimming algorithm. Compared with traditional backlight and OLED, Mini‐LED products have the advantages of low power consumption, high brightness, long life‐time and high reliability. However, due to the LED distribution and disproportional dimension deviation of Mini‐LED light board, edge strip mura and difficult die bonding may sabotage overall display performance and production yield. To solve these problems, this paper proposes LED gradient distribution theory and reference quadrilateral stacking parameters to enhance the competitiveness of Mini‐LED core products.
P‐8.5: An Efficient Algorithm for Single Image Super‐Resolution
Authors: Liao Lizhao , Wu Zhencheng , Lin Jianpu
Published: August 2023

In order to solve the problem of insufficient key information and serious damage of detail texture in the feature extraction process of single image super‐resolution reconstruction algorithm when processing low‐resolution image, we propose a high‐performance feature information dependence algorithm (HPDA) based on a Prior Preserving Block (PPB) and Residual Feature Holding Block (RFHB) to obtain feature information dependence between image blocks. To better focus key information in the original image, We introduced an improved Enhanced Spatial Attention module (ESA) to ensure the overall integrity and accuracy of the image reconstruction. The reconstruction quality detail and reconstruction speed of different scales have achieved a good balance.
P‐8.6: A Progressive Single Image Super‐Resolution Algorithm
Authors: Wu Zhencheng , Liao Lizhao , Lin Jianpu
Published: August 2023

The existing single‐image super‐resolution convolutional neural network usually elevates the resolution to the specified scale in one step in the final image reconstruction part. However, this may lead to the incomplete reconstruction of some detailed features. Therefore, we propose a super‐resolution reconstruction algorithm based on progressive architecture. For large‐scale scaling, high‐quality images can be gradually generated from coarse to fine in progressive reconstruction. An adaptive high‐frequency residual module is designed to learn the image features through two branches of low frequency and high frequency, respectively, and the output is adaptive fusion. This process is embedded in a Features cut Block to refine feature extraction during reconstruction, capture the dependency between the LR‐HR image pairs, and introduce an efficient channel and spatial attention mechanism to fuse the image information. Experimental results show that this algorithm has good performance and can enhance the reconstruction ability of images.
P‐8.7: Design of Automatic Test System for Button Function Durability in Special Display Application
Authors: Hu Dandan , Zhu Xinxiang , Hu Haochuan , Liu Gang
Published: August 2023

In the field of LCD special display, button function durability test is essential to verify the lifetime and reliability of button light guide plate. At present, button function durability test is still performed manually, which is labor‐intensive and time‐consuming and results in the incidence of missed detection and false detection. In this paper, an automatic test system for button function durability was designed. The reciprocating pressing motion of the cylinder was used to replace the action of the manual keystroke in this work. In addition, the pressure sensor was driven by the servo motor to detect the contact force between the button trigger probe and the button, so as to realize the feedback of the button force and judge the damage degree of the button. The system achieves an acceptable effect to realize the automatic test of button fatigue life and button force value, and can be applied to test other units of special display, such as touch panel.
P‐10.1: Transfer Process of Micro‐LED Using Laser
Authors: Li Jiayi , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

Micro-LED display technology has the potential to become the next generation of display technology due to its advantages such as high brightness and self-illumination. Currently, micro-LED display technology still faces several important issues, including full color display and integration. In order to realize the display function, the micro-LED needs to be integrated into the drive circuit, which can be achieved through monolithic integration and massive transfer. Laser plays an important role in micro-LED transfer technology. In this work, laser is used to peel off the sapphire substrate, allowing an array of individual micro-LED devices to be transferred onto the blue film.
P‐10.2: Design and Simulation of Integrated Ultraviolet HEMT‐LED enabled by P‐GaN Selective Epitaxy Growth
Authors: Zhang Jingyang , Huang Wei , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

Based on previous work, the ultraviolet HEMT-LED we fabricated by selective epitaxy growth, this paper further performed simulation to explore the most appropriate p-GaN selection size. P-GaN grown by Selective Epitaxy Growth (SEG) can not only be employed as a junction termination to reduce the electric field crowding of the gate of HEMT, but also form an active region by contacting with 2-dimentional electron gas (2DEG). The simulation results provide an effective reference for the design of p-GaN grown by SEG, and further pave the way for the realization of the idea of integration through the selection of growth methods.
P‐11.4: Precisely tunning the size of CsPbBr3 quantum dots with narrow‐bandwidth blue emission
Authors: Lan Xi , Ye Fanghao , Tian Mengyao , Zhu Mingchao , Yi Jianjing , Fan Mengling , Lin Zhenwei , Li Guijun
Published: August 2023

Component engineering and quantum confinement engineering approaches are commonly used to prepare blue perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). From a component engineering perspective, the hybrid halide (Br and Cl) perovskites can adequately perform bandgap tailoring and the as-obtained spectra could cover the entire blue light range. However, the mixed halide PQDs are prone to lattice mismatch and phase separation. In addition, the low formation energy of Cl vacancies in perovskites tends to form Cl vacancies within the band gap, leading to deeper defect energy levels and significantly nonradiative recombination. Small size PQDs with single halide (Br), such as CsPbBr3 with a size of ≈ 4 nm, exhibit pure blue emission due to quantum confinement effects, which can avoid the phase separation and the issue of Cl vacancies. However, current methods are difficult to form small quantum dots of uniform size, which results in a very wide linewidth. In this paper, a strategy is designed to accurately and controllably reduce the size of CsPbBr3 PQDs. With the post-treatment of the CsPbBr3 PQDs, the emitting color gradually changed from green to blue, and the QDs sizes are reduced from 12 nm to 3 nm. Finally, the PQDs exhibit the stable spectra with a range of 520 nm to 450 nm and highly reproducible PLQY of 60%. Correspondingly, the full width at half maximum （FWHM） is reduced from 27 nm to 15 nm. This strategy provides a new idea for the synthesis of blue-emitting PQDs and provides a research basis for further realization of efficient and stable PQDs and subsequent devices.
P‐17.2: Structure Design and Optical Performance Research of Automotive Oversized Curved Mini LED Module
Authors: Leng Shouyang , Zhai Yue , Cui Dong , Li Wenyang , Wang Fengping , Chi Weining , Qi Yongle , Zhang Zhipeng , Tian Yinong , You Mei , Yu Jie , Han Rui , Ma Qing , Yoon Dae-keun , Cai Site
Published: August 2023

BOE has launched a 21.6‐inch LTPS curved Mini LED module to meet the needs of automotive customer for oversized curved strip display, which can eliminate color mixture problem of curved display with COA (color filter on array) technology and achieve high contrast and local dimming. The radius of the module is R2000. There is no color mixture by visual inspection when the display is observed under the solid color picture, and the color shift can be up to max.3JNCD @U /D/L/R 30°. The brightness is 1000 nits, and the contrast is 1, 000, 000:1. At the same time, the optical performance has been tested and studied.
P‐17.3: Visibility Research Based on Ambient Light Contrast
Authors: Xintong Ling , Yuchuan Pan , Zhiyuan Zhang , Fan Tian , Xiongping Li
Published: August 2023

In the development process of displays, the viewer's experience is particularly important. However, in actual use, unlike the dark‐room test, there will be a certain amount of ambient light, which will affect the visibility of the display screen. As ambient illumination increases, the viewing effect of the display screen will also deteriorate. For example, it is difficult to see the screen clearly outdoors with bright sunlight, which is quite different from the viewing effect in dark room. In this article, we will study the visibility of public mode display and privacy mode display. For public mode display, both the central view angle and large view angle can see the screen clearly regardless of the ambient light brightness. For privacy mode display, no matter what the ambient light conditions are, it is invisible for the large view angle, while the center view angle can see clearly. And respectively propose two ways to improve the ambient contrast. In public mode, LCD with advanced reflective invisible technology with embedded system (ARIES) can achieve excellent visibility in various ambient light condition from indoors to outdoors without boosting the backlight brightness and sacrificing other performance for better visibility. In privacy mode, the view angle control cell (VAC) and privacy film are used to reduce the ambient light contrast of the privacy display, which fully satisfies the requirements of being invisible in the outdoor environment at a large view angle conditions, and can meet the privacy performance in some low ambient light. Author Keywords
P‐17.4: Research On High‐performance Of Automotive BDCELL Module
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Xiaoxia , Yu Jie , Liu Tiantian , Han Rui , Ma Qing , Cui Dong , Yoon D.K. , Cai Site
Published: August 2023

The BOE BDCELL technology has been suc cessfully applied to automotive display. It is essentially a dual‐cell display technology: The color cell is for d isplay, the mono cell is for backlight, and the back lig ht is still common edge type. In this paper, the perfor mance of BDCELL products is further optimized based on the actual application scenarios of the vehicle: incl uding the pixel design of dual‐cell, contrast ratio enhan cement, halo optimization, ghost optimization, large vie w image quality optimization, and EMC performance o ptimization. It can be applied directly to vehicle displa y to provide users safer and better driving experiences.
Virus‐Like Magnetic Heterostructure: an Outstanding Metal‐Complex Active Platform Enables High‐Efficiency Separation and Catalysis
Authors: Guo Zhiyong , Zhang Chen , He Tongxu , Xiao Huaiyu , Jin Jingwen , Yao Qiuhong , Ye Tingxiu , Chen Xi
Published: August 2023

Assembled heterostructure systems, as emerging functional materials, have broad applications ranging from enzyme and drug payload to catalysis and purification. However, these require trial‐ and ‐error design process and complex experimental environment to generate heterostructure materials. Here, this study describes an easy‐to‐execute strategy to fabricate magnetic heterostructure as multifunctional delivery system. We utilize first‐row transition metal copper and nitroso/amino ligand as modules to assemble around Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles by excessed mild stimuli and fabricate the magnetic heterostructure materials (Fe3O4@ TACN NPs (tetraamminecopper (II) nitrate)). Notably, the Fe3O4@ TACN NPs present with cat's‐whisker structure containing ligand and metal center. The nitroso‐group ligands exhibit strong binding affinity to heme‐structure enzyme, ensuring effective capture and isolate of cytochrome C (Cyt‐c), resulting in their excellent isolation property. The copper complex‐powered magnetic heterostructure materials can effectively isolation Cyt‐c from complex biological sample (pork heart). Importantly, the Fe3O4@ TACN NPs coordinated with heme‐structure, induced methionine 80 (Met80) disassociates from heme prosthetic group, and contributed to peroxidase‐like (POD‐like) activities increasing. These results exhibit that copper complex‐powered magnetic heterostructure materials can not only satisfy the Cyt‐c isolation and immobilization in an alkaline medium, but also be of the potential for improving the immobilization enzyme reactor performance.
Yolk–Shell Structured ST@Al2O3 Enables Functional PE Separator with Enhanced Lewis Acid Sites for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Taotao , Tang Wenhao , Lv Junwen , Deng Yirui , Liu Qiang , Zhang Lei , Liu Ruiping
Published: August 2023

Commercial polymer separators usually have limited porosity, poor electrolyte wettability, and poor thermal and mechanical stability, which can deteriorate the performance of battery, especially at high current densities. In this work, a functional polyethylene (PE) separator is prepared by surface engineering a layer of Ti‐doped SiO2@Al2O3 particles (denoted as ST@Al2O3‐PE) with strong Lewis acid property and uniform porous structure on one side of the PE separator. On the other hand, ST@Al2O3 particles with abundant pore structures and large cavities can store a large amount of electrolyte, providing a shortened pathway for lithium‐ion transport, and the Lewis acid sites and porous structure of the ST@Al2O3 can tune Li plating/stripping behavior and stabilize the lithium metal anode. The ST@Al2O3‐PE separators exhibit better ionic conductivity (5.55 mS cm−1) and larger lithium‐ion transference number (0.62). At a current density of 1 mA cm−2, Li/Li symmetric cells with ST@Al2O3‐PE separator can be stably cycled for more than 400 h, and both lithium iron phosphate /Li cells and lithium cobaltate/Li cells with ST@Al2O3‐PE separator have good cycling and rate performance. This work provides a new strategy for developing functional separators and promoting the application of lithium metal batteries.
Polyoxometalates@Metal‐Organic Frameworks Derived Bimetallic Co/Mo2C Nanoparticles Embedded in Carbon Nanotube‐Interwoven Hierarchically Porous Carbon Polyhedron Composite as a High‐Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Al–S Batteries
Authors: Zhou Qiuping , Zhang Xuecheng , Wu Yuchao , Jiang Xinyuan , Li Tangsuo , Chen Ming , Ni Lubin , Diao Guowang
Published: August 2023

Al–S battery (ASB) is a promising energy storage device, notable for its safety, crustal abundance, and high theoretical energy density. However, its development faces challenges due to slow reaction kinetics and poor reversibility. The creation of a multifunctional cathode material that can both adsorb polysulfides and accelerate their conversion is key to advancing ASB. Herein, a composite composed of polyoxometalate nanohybridization‐derived Mo2C and N‐doped carbon nanotube‐interwoven polyhedrons (Co/Mo2C@NCNHP) is proposed for the first time as an electrochemical catalyst in the sulfur cathode. This composite improves the utilization and conductivity of sulfur within the cathode. DFT calculations and experimental results indicate that Co enables the chemisorption of polysulfides while Mo2C catalyzes the reduction reaction of long‐chain polysulfides. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ UV analysis reveal the different intermediates of Al polysulfide species in Co/Mo2C@NCNHP during discharging/charging. As a cathode material for ASB, Co/Mo2C@NCNHP@S composite can deliver a discharge‐charge voltage hysteresis of 0.75 V with a specific capacity of 370 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 1A g−1.
Genomic prediction of seed nutritional traits in biparental families of oat (Avena sativa)
Authors: Brzozowski Lauren J. , Campbell Malachy T. , Hu Haixiao , Yao Linxing , Caffe Melanie , Gutiérrez Lucı́a , Smith Kevin P. , Sorrells Mark E. , Gore Michael A. , Jannink Jean‐Luc
Published: August 2023

Selection for more nutritious crop plants is an important goal of plant breeding to improve food quality and contribute to human health outcomes. While there are efforts to integrate genomic prediction to accelerate breeding progress, an ongoing challenge is identifying strategies to improve accuracy when predicting within biparental populations in breeding programs. We tested multiple genomic prediction methods for 12 seed fatty acid content traits in oat (Avena sativa L.), as unsaturated fatty acids are a key nutritional trait in oat. Using two well‐characterized oat germplasm panels and other biparental families as training populations, we predicted family mean and individual values within families. Genomic prediction of family mean exceeded a mean accuracy of 0.40 and 0.80 using an unrelated and related germplasm panel, respectively, where the related germplasm panel outperformed prediction based on phenotypic means (0.54). Within family prediction accuracy was more variable: training on the related germplasm had higher accuracy than the unrelated panel (0.14–0.16 and 0.05–0.07, respectively), but variability between families was not easily predicted by parent relatedness, segregation of a locus detected by a genome‐wide association study in the panel, or other characteristics. When using other families as training populations, prediction accuracies were comparable to the related germplasm panel (0.11–0.23), and families that had half‐sib families in the training set had higher prediction accuracy than those that did not. Overall, this work provides an example of genomic prediction of family means and within biparental families for an important nutritional trait and suggests that using related germplasm panels as training populations can be effective.
Keynote speaker for BVA Members’ Day
Authors: Connell Niall
Published: August 2023

Past RCVS President Niall Connell will take to the stage as the keynote speaker at this year's BVA Members' Day in Glasgow on Thursday 28 September.
Unmissable lineup announced for BVA Congress
Authors: Innes Harriet
Published: August 2023

BVA events manager Harriet Innes invites you to BVA Congress at London Vet Show in November for two days of exciting and challenging debates and panel discussions.
Exact solution of the quantum integrable model associated with the Motzkin spin chain
Authors: Hao Kun , Salberger Olof , Korepin Vladimir
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The Motzkin spin chain is a spin-1 frustration-free model introduced by Shor & Movassagh. The ground state is constructed by mapping random walks on the upper half of the square lattice to spin configurations. It has unusually large entanglement entropy [quantum fluctuations]. The ground state of the Motzkin chain can be analytically described by the Motzkin paths. There is no analytical description of the excited states. The model is not solvable. We simplify the model by removing one of the local equivalence moves of the Motzkin paths. The system becomes integrable [similar to the XXX spin chain]. We call it free Motzkin chain. From the point of view of quantum integrability, the model is special since its R-matrix does not have crossing unitarity. We solve the periodic free Motzkin chain by generalizing the functional Bethe Ansatz method. We construct a T − Q relation with an additional parameter to formulate the energy spectrum. This new parameter is related to the roots of unity and can be described by the Möbius function in number theory. We observe further patterns of number theory.
Human Head and Helmet Interface Friction Coefficients with Biological Sex and Hair Property Comparisons
Authors: Stark Nicole E.-P. , Clark Charlotte , Rowson Steve
Published: August 2023

Dummy headforms used for impact testing have changed little over the years, and frictional characteristics are thought not to represent the human head accurately. The frictional interface between the helmet and head is an essential factor affecting impact response. However, few studies have evaluated the coefficient of friction (COF) between the human head and helmet surface. This study’s objectives were to quantify the human head’s static and dynamic COF and evaluate the effect of biological sex and hair properties. Seventy-four participants slid their heads along a piece of helmet foam backed by a fixed load cell at varying normal force levels. As normal force increased, static and dynamic human head COF decreased following power–law curves. At 80 N, the static COF is 0.32 (95% CI 0.30–0.34), and the dynamic friction coefficient is 0.27 (95% CI 0.26–0.28). Biological sex and hair properties were determined not to affect human head COF. The COFs between the head and helmet surface should be used to develop more biofidelic head impact testing methods, define boundary conditions for computer simulations, and aid decision-making for helmet designs.
Managing logistics in sport: a comprehensive systematic literature review
Authors: Pott Christoph , Spiekermann Christian , Breuer Christoph , ten Hompel Michael
Published: August 2023

Logistics and sport management are part of the globalized economy and interdisciplinary fields of science. Sporting events necessitate enormous logistical efforts by aiming to deliver certain tasks and materials at an exact time and a specific place in suitable quantity and quality. However, sport logistics not only is involved in the precise execution of events but deals with a wide range of topics. Sporting goods are transported along the supply chain to customers with economic objectives, stadium evacuation simulations are carried out using algorithms that originate in transportation logistics, and sport clubs are confronted with logistical issues both on their game days and during the rest of the year. A systematic literature review was undertaken to provide clarity regarding previous scientific endeavors and to offer orientation for interested practitioners. The authors propose a theoretical framework—the sport logistics triangle—that draws on the academic disciplines of logistics management and sport management and allows to classify all sport logistics activities. An in-depth categorization scheme and ten topic clusters illustrate how sport logistics has been studied thus far. Implications and research opportunities are elaborated for practitioners and scholars. The survey clearly underlines both the importance of sport logistics and its neglection in academics.
Teaching and learning of probability
Authors: Batanero Carmen , Álvarez-Arroyo Rocío
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we develop a personal synthesis of the most outstanding research on the teaching and learning of probability in the past years. We conducted a systematic search to examine publications on this topic in mathematics education, statistics education, education, and psychology journals. This exploration was complemented by additional studies published in conference proceedings or books. We classified these papers to highlight the main recent research tendencies in the field, according to the theme studied and considering the research objectives. Epistemological analyses suggest that informal inference based on simulation diminishes the topic abstraction but reduces probability to its frequentist view. Topics receiving particular attention include children’s probabilistic knowledge, the effect of visualizations on solving conditional probability problems, teachers’ education and probability modelling. In the final section, we recommend relevant points in which more investigation is needed to complete our knowledge about teaching and learning. In particular, we miss research on teachers’ mathematical knowledge of many probability concepts and on their didactic knowledge.
Survey of farm-gate N and P balances on arable and dairy organic and conventional farms in Sweden—basis for improved management
Authors: Wivstad Maria , Salomon Eva , Spångberg Johanna
Published: August 2023

About half of all N and P loads to Swedish waters originate from agriculture and must decrease to reach environmental goals. Studying nutrient management at farm level can provide an understanding of nutrient recycling and the risk of losses. In a survey of organic and conventional dairy and arable farms in three southern counties of Sweden, farm-gate N and P balances and N use efficiency (NUE) were analysed. Crop distribution differed significantly between organic and conventional farms, with organic dairy farms having higher proportions of ley and pulse crops and organic arable farms having a much higher proportion of N-fixing crops than corresponding conventional farms. Conventional dairy and arable farms had on average 70% and 40% higher N surplus than corresponding organic farms. Farm-gate P surplus was larger on conventional dairy farms and much larger on organic arable farms, mainly due to purchase of P-rich organic fertilisers. Organic dairy farms had higher NUE than corresponding conventional farms, but the opposite was true for arable farms. However, in the southernmost county Skåne, where soil fertility and yield potential are high, NUE was similar on all arable farms. Total inputs of N and P were positively correlated with N and P surpluses, especially on dairy farms. Improved manure and crop residue management, reduced use of purchased mineral N fertilisers coupled to more uniform within-farm distribution of manure, use of catch crops, intercropping and organic fertilisers with appropriate N:P ratio are measures that can reduce farm nutrient surpluses and improve nutrient management on both organic and conventional farms.
“Teach Your Classmates About the Behavior of Water with School-Level Science Models”: An Experience in Initial Preschool Teacher Education
Authors: Cruz-Guzmán Marta , García-Carmona Antonio , Criado Ana María
Published: August 2023

Prospective preschool teachers (PPTs) need to have learning experiences with the practice of scientific modelling to be able to design appropriate lessons as teachers. In the literature on research in science education, scarce experiences of PPTs in scientific modelling can be found. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap about PPTs’ representations of water and its states by means of models. To this end, an analysis is made of the models designed by PPTs and the difficulties they found in such a design process. The participants were 47 PPTs, working in groups of 2 or 3, forming 19 groups in total. The data source for analysis was the report written by each group. The oral presentation of these reports in class also served to clarify any doubts about the models elaborated by the PPTs. The models were analysed and categorized using qualitative content analysis methods, by combining inter- and intra-rater evaluation strategies. The results reveal that PPTs in general used a variety of resources to make models about the water molecule. Nonetheless, they found it harder to model the differences between the three aggregation states of water from a molecular perspective. The PPTs also acknowledged having had difficulties, such as when choosing and handling the materials they used to create the models or when thinking how to adapt them for the explanations to their peers. It is concluded with a discussion and implications of this study towards the PPTs’ training in scientific modelling and its didactics.
A methodology to determine the precision uncertainty in gas turbine engine cycle models
Authors: Gurrola Arrieta M. de J. , Botez R. M.
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a methodology to define and quantify the precision uncertainties in aerothermodynamic cycle model comparisons. The total uncertainty depends on biases and random errors commonly found in such comparisons. These biases and random errors are classified and discussed based on observations found in the literature. The biases account for effects such as differences in model inputs, the configurations being simulated, and thermodynamic packages. Random errors consider the effects on the physics modeling and numerical methods used in cycle models. The methodology is applied to a comparison of two cycle models, designated as the model subject to comparison and reference model, respectively. The former is the so-called Aerothermodynamic Generic Cycle Model developed in-house at the Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Control, Avionics and AeroServoElasticity (LARCASE); the latter is an equivalent model programmed in the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS). The proposed methodology is intended to quantify the bias and random errors effects on different cycle parameters of interest, such as thrust, specific fuel consumption, among others. Each bias and random errors are determined by deliberately preventing the effects from other biases and random errors. The methodology presented in this paper can be extended to other cycle model comparisons. Moreover, the uncertainty figures derived in this work are recommended to be used in other model comparisons when no better reference is available.
Collision efficiency of like-charged spheres settling in a quiescent environment
Authors: Patra Pijush , Koch Donald L. , Roy Anubhab
Published: August 2023

We study the gravity-induced collisions of charged spheres of dielectric materials dispersed in a gaseous medium. When the gap thickness between the surfaces of two spheres is shorter than the mean free path of the surrounding fluid medium, continuum assumptions for the hydrodynamics interactions are no longer valid, and the non-continuum lubrication interactions result in surface-to-surface contact in finite time. Two like-charged dielectric spheres attract each other at close separations for a wide range of size and charge ratio values. We use trajectory analysis to calculate the collision rate and, thus, explore the role of electrostatic interactions in the collision dynamics of a pair of like-charged dielectric spheres. We present the modifications of pair trajectories due to electrostatic forces and show how collision efficiencies vary with the non-dimensional parameter capturing the relative strength of the electrostatic force to gravity as well as the charge ratio and size ratio.
The risk of psychosis for transgender individuals: a Dutch national cohort study
Authors: Termorshuizen Fabian , de Vries Annelou L.C. , Wiepjes Chantal M. , Selten Jean-Paul
Published: August 2023

Background

The stressful minority position of transgender persons may result in a high risk of psychosis. Conflicting data suggest that the observed risk depends on setting of recruitment. We assessed the relative risk of non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD) in a large, representative cohort of transgender persons.

Methods

This cohort was composed using: data on legal sex change from the Dutch population registry and data on dispensing of cross-sex hormones (route 1), and a registry of insurance claims from mental health care including persons with a diagnosis of gender identity disorder (DSM-IV) or gender dysphoria (DSM-5) (route 2). They were matched by sex at birth, calendar year and country of birth to controls from the general population. Transgender persons (N = 5564) and controls (N = 27 820), aged 16–60 years at 1 January 2011, were followed until the first insurance claim for NAPD in 2011–2019.

Results

The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of NAPD for transgender persons selected exclusively through route 1 (N = 3859, IRR = 2.00, 95%-CI 1.52–2.63) was increased, but significantly lower than the IRRs for those selected exclusively through route 2 (N = 694, IRR = 22.15, 95%-CI 13.91–35.28) and for those found by both routes (N = 1011, IRR = 5.17, 95%-CI 3.57–7.49; p value for differences in IRR < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study supports the social defeat-hypothesis of NAPD. The results also show the presence of a substantial number of transgender persons with severe psychiatric problems who have not (yet) taken steps to gender-affirmative care.