bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust motion control based on model-based unknown system dynamics estimator for robot manipulators
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Qiang , Cheng Junbo , Zhou Xiaodong
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Achieving accurate trajectory tracking control of robot manipulators is challenging due to dynamic model errors and uncertain payloads. This paper aims to enhance trajectory tracking performance for robots with n degrees of freedom (DOF).

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes a robust motion control framework that combines uncertainty and disturbance estimator with model-based compensation. The proposed framework ensures precise trajectory tracking in robot manipulators. In addition, uncertainties in the high-DOF robot dynamics are estimated through a simple model-based compensation for system error dynamics. The stability of the closed-loop system of the proposed framework is analyzed and proved.

Findings

The results indicate that the proposed framework can significantly reduce tracking errors and increase disturbance resistance. The simulation results of a two-link robotic arm verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results of the experiments conducted on a seven-DOF torque-controlled Flexiv4S manipulator demonstrate the superior trajectory tracking performance and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

Originality/value

This study introduces a highly efficient, robust motion control framework for high-DOF robots, which can improve the trajectory tracking performance in the presence of model uncertainties.
Greenhouse gas emissions and quality of financial reporting: evidence from the EU
Authors: Mamatzakis Emmanuel Constantine , Tzouvanas Panagiotis
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Our study delves into the association between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the quality of financial reporting. Our investigation focuses on understanding how firms’ GHG emissions would impact discretionary accruals and real earnings management. We also test the moderating role of a large board size, and CEO as a board member. Finally, we conduct various robustness checks to ensure the robustness and validity of our findings.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted a study on 476 European companies across 17 countries and various industries between 2005 and 2018. We use panel data estimations, and multiple methods to account for emissions and address endogeneity issues in our tests.

Findings

Our findings indicate that greenhouse gas emissions increase earnings management, as measured through discretionary accruals and real earnings management. This leads to lower quality financial reporting. We also find that a larger board size moderates the relationship between GHG emissions and financial reporting, resulting in greater financial transparency.

Research limitations/implications

Our findings provide evidence that firms’ GHG emissions, despite stricter emission regulations in the European Union (EU), would be positively associated with real earnings management. This finding calls for more research in different regions to understand if this is a global trend.

Practical implications

Our results have important implications for financial reporting, corporate governance, and climate change mitigation. For example, high GHG emissions not only indicate polluting firms but might also serve as a signal for identifying firms engaged in earnings management.

Originality/value

Although previous research has examined the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and the financial performance of firms, to the best of our knowledge, no prior study has investigated whether firms’ GHG tends to manipulate their financial reporting. We also contribute to the literature regarding the determinants of the quality of financial reporting through earnings management literature. Lastly, we provide novel evidence from the EU area, where strict EU climate policy should have affected financial reporting.
Viable industrial supplier performance evaluation using fuzzy inference system: a case of the automotive industry
Authors: Zekhnini Kamar , Chaouni Benabdellah Abla , Cherrafi Anass , Bouhaddou Imane , Bag Surajit
Published: January 2025

Purpose

As the global focus on supply chain management has shifted toward the importance of digitalization, resilience and sustainability to ensure viability, this paradigm merits special consideration in the industrial supplier selection process in a VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous) world. Additionally, the increasing geopolitical challenges further complicate the industrial supplier selection process, necessitating robust decision-making frameworks. Thus, this paper aims to present a decision-making system using a fuzzy inference system (FIS) for industrial supplier evaluation and selection, considering a new criterion: viability.

Design/methodology/approach

Fuzzy set theory, particularly a FIS, is used to address the subjectivity of decision-makers’ preferences. The suggested method’s validity is evaluated using a real automotive case study for industrial supplier selection situations.

Findings

Seventeen key criteria for viable industrial supplier selection were identified and used to evaluate and select the case study firm’s industrial supplier. The chosen supplier (B) demonstrated superior resilience, sustainability and digitalization capabilities, making it preferable to others. Specifically, supplier (B) exhibited exceptional adaptability to disruptions, a strong commitment to sustainable practices and advanced digital integration that enhances operational efficiency.

Practical implications

This study provides valuable insights for researchers and professionals by proposing a comprehensive industrial supplier selection system. Integrating diverse criteria is essential for viable performance in supply chains that enhances robustness and adaptability, supporting more strategic decision-making in supplier evaluation amid global and network-related challenges.

Originality/value

This novel paper introduces a new criterion, i.e. viability, in the industrial supplier selection process in the VUCA environment. In addition, it proposes a decision-making system for viable supplier performance evaluation. Furthermore, it validates the proposed FIS in an automotive case study.
Entrepreneurial orientation, agility and responsibility: a triad for sustainable competitive advantage
Authors: Rocha Raysa Geaquinto , Ed-Dafali Slimane , Sharma Nitika
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study investigates the interactions between entrepreneurial orientation, strategic agility and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in influencing sustained competitive advantage in Moroccan small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Additionally, it analyzed the influence of competitive intensity, firm size and age on attaining sustained competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

We employed a dual approach to analyze 300 Moroccan SMEs, joining partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). PLS-SEM was utilized to maximize the explained variance of endogenous constructs and handle mediation effects, aligning with the study’s explanatory purpose. The NCA was used to identify necessary conditions for sustained competitive advantage by examining the extent to which the conditions (i.e. entrepreneurial orientation, strategic agility and CSR) are present in all cases where sustained competitive advantage is present.

Findings

The PLS-SEM analysis found that entrepreneurial orientation positively influences sustained competitive advantage and CSR and strategic agility partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and sustained competitive advantage and between entrepreneurial orientation and CSR. The NCA results imply that CSR, entrepreneurial orientation and strategic agility have small but significant effect sizes, indicating they are necessary conditions for achieving higher levels of sustained competitive advantage. Additionally, firm age and size are not necessary conditions.

Originality/value

This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of entrepreneurial orientation influencing sustained competitive advantage in SMEs. It challenges previous beliefs regarding the impact of CSR on sustained competitive advantage, particularly in the Moroccan SME context. Contrary to expectations, the findings indicate that CSR does not significantly impact sustained competitive advantage or mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and sustained competitive advantage. The NCA results further develop these findings by revealing that CSR is a necessary condition only for achieving upper levels of sustained competitive advantage in Moroccan SMEs.
The Omnichannel symphony: Harmonising hearts and carts
Authors: Sinha Neena , Kataria Nikita , Kapoor Garima
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The study examines the impact of various aspects of channel integration quality, personalisation and perceived warmth on behavioural outcomes through customer engagement in omnichannel retailing.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on the responses of 458 participants, gathered using purposive and snowball sampling methods. PLS-SEM and FIMIX-PLS have been used to examine the heterogeneity in respondents’ views.

Findings

The findings emphasise the favourable influence of various facets of omnichannel strategy on customer engagement, which enhances brand affection, leading to stickiness and willingness to pay price premium. Furthermore, identifying three separate customer categories provides detailed insights into how omnichannel aspects appeal to consumer preferences.

Practical implications

The findings underscore the need to use customised approaches to cultivate lasting relationships with consumers, emphasising the potential of omnichannel retailing in harmonising business success and consumer sentiments. Retailers can identify areas of dissatisfaction within specific segments and eventually focus on improving these areas to provide a seamless experience and increase engagement.

Originality/value

This paper offers a distinctive contribution to the domain of omnichannel retailing by employing structural equation modelling (SEM) along with FIMIX-PLS to explore respondent heterogeneity. In addition to the transactional aspects, this study investigates the crucial elements, including warmth and personalisation strategies and how these influence the holistic customer journey, including their emotional connection with the brand in the omnichannel retailing environment, thereby advancing knowledge in the field and providing relevant implications for industry practice.
Systemic pricing and the real value of banks' liabilities: practical advice for financial managers
Authors: Eboli Mario
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The paper aims to divulge to the management and the banking community the recent achievements in network-based modelling of systemic risk, which enable the pricing of a bank’s debt in a systemic context.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper critiques traditional bank liability pricing methods, which fail to account for the potential risks of financial contagion and systemic crises in the banking industry. It briefly explains the different types of financial contagion and evaluates the effectiveness of network-based valuation models in ensuring consistent pricing of banks' debt.

Findings

Traders and financial firms should adopt network-based methods for pricing a bank’s debt to improve their risk and portfolio management.

Practical implications

The paper highlights the benefits for financial firms in obtaining systemic pricing of a bank’s liabilities and indicates the practical steps to adopt network-based valuation methods within firms.

Social implications

In addition to the private benefits for the institution that adopts network-based valuation methods, the correct pricing of banks' liabilities helps internalise the negative externalities arising from financial contagion, contributing to a more stable and resilient financial system.

Originality/value

This paper is the first to aim at bridging the gap between recent theoretical contributions on systemic risk and the customary methods of pricing financial operators' debt.
Strengthening mechanisms of Cu/SACZ/Al micro-connection joints with solid-state bonding
Authors: Gan Guisheng , Yang Hao , Luo Jie , Ma Yongchong , Zhang Jiajun , Liu Xin , He Qiao , Li Leqi , Cheng Dayong
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aging time on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture morphology of Cu/Zn160%SAC0307/Al solder joints produced through solid-state bonding.

Design/methodology/approach

Zn particles with a size of 1 µm and Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu (SAC0307) particles ranging from 20 to 38 µm were used to achieve Cu/Al micro-connections using ultrasonic assistance at a temperature of 180 °C, followed by aging treatment at 150 °C to enhance the quality of Cu/Al joints. Scanning electron microscopy was used for observing and analyzing the solder seam, interface microstructure, and fracture morphology. The structural composition was determined using energy dispersive spectroscopy, while a PTR-1102 bonding tester was used to measure the average shear strength.

Findings

The results indicated that the intermetallic compounds formed at the interface between Cu substrates and solder metal primarily consisted of smooth Cu5Zn8. The Al-side interface mainly comprises an Al-Sn-Zn solid solution, with Zn-Sn-Cu phases forming between SAC0307 particles at 180 °C. During the aging process, atomic diffusion was accelerated, leading to improved connection quality. The shear strength of the joints initially increased before decreasing as aging time progressed; it peaked at 32.92 MPa after 24 h – an increase of 76.8% compared to as-received joints. After reaching stability at 96 h, there was still a notable increase in shear strength by 48.4% relative to as-received joints.

Originality/value

This study further explores the strengthening mechanisms associated with solid-state bonded Cu/SACZ/Al joints through aging processes. Joints created via solid-state bonding demonstrate superior reliability compared to traditional soldered connections. It is anticipated that insights gained from this research will contribute valuable knowledge toward developing low-temperature soldering methodologies for heterogeneous materials.
Mass‐flowering lupin has positive, but limited, effect on wild bee conservation in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Bishop Gabriella A. , Kleijn David , Vicente Inês I. , Fijen Thijs P. M.
Published: January 2025

Mass‐flowering crops have the potential to benefit pollinator conservation while still contributing to agricultural production, but their effects on pollinators can be variable and remain uncertain. Lupin could be particularly suitable for pollinator conservation because it is a late‐flowering legume crop, but its effects on pollinators have never been investigated.

We tested the intra‐ and interannual effects of lupin cultivation on wild bees in landscapes with no history of lupin cultivation. To do this, we surveyed bees in semi‐natural habitats before, during, and after lupin bloom and in the following year in landscapes with and without the experimental addition of 1 ha of lupin (Lupinus albus or Lupinus angustifolius). We also surveyed bees within lupin fields during bloom to understand which species use lupin floral resources.

We found positive effects of lupin cultivation on the abundance of bumblebees in the wider landscape after lupin bloom, likely due to increased bumblebee colony growth. However, this was only the case for the three common species that used lupin floral resources. In addition, this effect did not carry over into the following year.

Some large‐bodied solitary bees, namely, Megachile spp., also utilized lupin floral resources but were not numerous enough in the surrounding landscape to determine an effect. This could be due to a general lack of large‐flowered leguminous floral resources in agricultural landscapes.

Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that lupin can potentially support the few common, abundant bee species that preferentially visit it. However, to effectively support the entire bee community, conservation management should focus on improving the quality of existing semi‐natural habitats by increasing floral availability and diversity, possibly of Fabaceae floral resources in particular.
The determinants for death in hospital following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in Australia
Authors: O'Reilly Gerard M , Afroz Afsana , Curtis Kate , Mitra Biswadev , Kim Yesul , Solly Emma , Ryder Courtney , Hunter Kate , Hendrie Delia V , Rushworth Nick , Tee Jin , Fitzgerald Mark C
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To establish the determinants of death in hospital for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Australia.

Design, setting, participants

Retrospective analysis of Australia New Zealand Trauma Registry (ANZTR) data. Cases were included if they presented to a participating hospital between 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2020 and had an Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) score – head greater than 2.

Main outcome measures

Death in hospital.

Results

There were 16 350 patients. Their mean age was 51 years and 71% were male. After adjusting for measures of injury severity, there was an increased odds of in‐hospital death for patients whose injury occurred outside daylight hours or first mode of transport was road ambulance, who were not transferred from another hospital, had an endotracheal tube placed prior to definitive hospital arrival or received their definitive hospital care outside Victoria.

Conclusion

Among people presenting to a major trauma hospital in Australia following moderate to severe TBI, there were multiple factors independently associated with death in hospital. The potentially modifiable determinants of in‐hospital death included out‐of‐hours access to emergency care, mode of transfer from the scene of the injury, prior facility care and pre‐definitive hospital endotracheal intubation.
Brain Iron Deposition Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping
Authors: Zhao Qiuyue , Maimaitiaili Subinuer , Bi Yan , Li Ming , Li Xin , Li Qian , Shen Xinyi , Wu Min , Fu Linqing , Zhu Zhengyang , Zhang Xin , Chen Jiu , Hu Anning , Zhang Zhou , Zhang Wen , Zhang Bing
Published: January 2025

Background

Iron is one of the most important elements in brain that may has a direct impact on the stability of central nervous system. The current study devoted to explore the alterations of iron distribution across the whole brain in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

The quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique was used to quantify the intracranial iron content of 74 T2DM patients with MCI and 86 T2DM patients with normal cognition (NC). The group comparison was performed by a voxel‐based analysis. Then we evaluated the relationships between cognitive indicators and magnetic susceptibility value (MSV) measured by QSM of the significant brain areas, which were set as the regions of interest (ROIs). In addition, we analyzed the moderation effects of grey matter volume (GMV) of the related brain areas and several metabolic and cerebrovascular factors on the associations between MSV of ROIs and cognitive characteristics.

Results

T2DM patients with MCI exhibited a lower MSV in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) compared to NC group. And in the MCI group, there were significantly negative correlations between MSV of the right MTG and several memory indexes. Furthermore, the moderation effects of GMV of the whole brain and the bilateral MTG on the relationship between MSV of the right MTG and scores of list recognition were significant.

Conclusions

T2DM patients with MCI had a temporary decreased iron content in the right MTG, which may partially compensate for cognitive impairment.

Trial Registration: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02738671)
Comprehensive genomic analysis and selection signature detection in endangered Beigang pigs using whole‐genome sequencing data
Authors: Ma Xuejian , Chen Zitao , Zhang Zhenyang , Liu Shengqiang , Wang Meng , Zhang Xiaowei , Shi Jinhu , Gao Hui , Gu Jiamin , Han He , Pan Yuchun , Wang Qishan
Published: January 2025

The Beigang pig was recently identified as one of the endangered breeds during a Chinese indigenous pig genetic resource survey. The Beigang breed is notable for its remarkable roughage tolerance and high reproductive capacity according to historical records. Morphologically, the Beigang pig resembles many indigenous pigs in eastern China, especially in its large ears. This makes the Beigang pig a valuable reference for studying the genetic mechanisms on large ear size in pigs. However, there is currently a lack of clear understanding regarding the genetic structure and inbreeding levels of the Beigang pig population. This study used whole‐genome sequencing data from Beigang pig (N = 145 pigs) and integrated genetic information from commercial pigs and indigenous pigs in eastern China to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the Beigang pig's genetic structure. Three selection signal detection methods—runs of homozygosity, fixation index, and integrated haplotype score—were employed to explore the differences in genomic selection signatures between Beigang pig and other pig populations. Additionally, we used a public project for regulatory variants discovery and molecular phenotype prediction in farm animal species called FarmGtex to explore the expression of three genes (WIF1, LEMD3, and MSRB3) related to ear size in Beigang pig. This research identified five homozygous variant sites in the WIF1 gene as important candidate loci potentially influencing ear size in Beigang pig. The results indicate that the Beigang pig holds a unique status among Chinese indigenous pigs, characterized by high genetic diversity and low levels of inbreeding. The study also revealed that WIF1 may play a significant role in influencing ear size in this breed. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the population structure and genetic characteristics of Beigang pig.
Several variants on chromosome 10 are associated with coarse hair diameter in Dazu black goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Zhang Jipan , Fang Jiabei , Zhang Siyuan , Xu Jiele , Zhao Yongju
Published: January 2025

Goats typically have double coats, with the outermost coarse hairs providing protection against mechanical and radiation damage. While much attention has been paid to cashmere due to its status as a high‐end textile material, there is limited information available on coarse hair. This study aimed to identify genomic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletions (indels), associated with coarse hair diameter using a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Coarse hairs and blood samples were collected from 263 adult female goats. The diameter of coarse hairs was measured using an inverted microscope, and whole genome sequencing was conducted on the blood samples. After reads mapping, variants calling, and quality control, totals of 11 322 006 SNPs and 863 734 indels were included for SNP‐GWAS and indel‐GWAS analyses. Eight significant SNPs (p < 8.98e‐8) and three significant indels (p < 1.16e‐6) were identified. Among those, one SNP was located on Chromosome 4 and near the genes COL28A1 and C1GALT1. Seven significant SNPs were found in the region chr10_96664101–96670958, with the genes CDO1 and TMED7 located upstream and downstream, respectively. Haplotype analysis revealed that the diverse haplotypes of these seven SNPs presented varying values for coarse hair diameter. Notably, the only consistently significant insertion (chr10_96665085, GTA>G) was also located within the region chr10_96664101–96670958, further highlighting the importance of this genomic region in influencing coarse hair diameter. These significant variants and genomic regions provide valuable insights for investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation in fiber diameter.
Development and Evaluation of a New Gastroenteritis Clinical Severity Score for Children Aged Under 5
Authors: Masson Lydie , Lorton Fleur , Lependu Jacques , Imbert Berthe Marie , Vrignaud Bénédicte , Gras‐Le Guen Christèle , Scherdel Pauline
Published: January 2025

Aim

To develop and internally validate a new severity score to more accurately assess the clinical severity forms of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children from birth to age 5 years.

Methods

We included children consulting for AGE in the emergency department of the University Hospital of Nantes (March 2017–June 2019). We developed and evaluated a new predictive score (GASTROVIM score) using the classification and regression trees. We compared its diagnostic performance with the two existing scores: the Vesikari score and clinical dehydration scale (CDS). A clinical expert a posteriori evaluated children's medical records to determine the severity form of AGE as the gold standard.

Results

Of the 200 children included, 129 (64.5%) had severe forms of AGE according to the GASTROVIM score (maximal number of liquid stools and vomiting per day, weight loss and CDS), with sensitivity 90.0% (95% CI: 83.5–94.6) and specificity 82.9% (72.0–90.8). The Vesikari score had similar sensitivity (97.3%) but lower specificity (17.0%) and the CDS had lower sensitivity (28.3%) and higher specificity (100%) than the GASTROVIM score.

Conclusion

The GASTROVIM score could discriminate severe forms of AGE with good diagnostic performance. Nevertheless, external validation in other populations and/or other countries is needed.
Recovery of lizard assembages 10 years after reduced‐impact logging in central‐eastern Amazonia
Authors: Ganança Pedro Henrique Salomão , da Rosa Clarissa Alves , Lima Albertina Pimentel , de Fraga Rafael , Torralvo Kelly , Giacomin Leandro Lacerda , Mortati Amanda Frederico , de Moura Guerreiro Quêzia Leandro , Aragón Susan , Magnusson William Ernest
Published: January 2025

Understanding changes in species composition due to human‐induced habitat modification and environmental filtering is essential for formulating effective conservation strategies. Species turnover resulting from reduced‐impact logging (RIL) is expected in the short term, generally with species adapted to open areas replacing those dependent on old‐growth forest. However, little is known about how RIL activities influence assemblages after the perturbation ceased. We sampled lizards across an edaphic and vegetation‐structure gradient in 64 plots in the Brazilian Amazon to test the hypothesis that changes in assemblage composition and proportion of heliothermic species are due to canopy openness resulting from ceased RIL activities and individual tree falls or to other environmental gradients. Contrary to expectations, canopy openness did not significantly affect the overall composition of lizard assemblages, but nearby unforested areas influenced assemblage composition, resulting in a higher proportion of heliothermic species. The composition of lizard assemblages was also significantly influenced by the distance to the nearest water body, vegetation height, and soil sand content. However, leaf litter height did not have a detectable impact on the composition of lizard assemblages. We conclude that short‐term changes in species composition due to habitat modification by RIL do not persist in the long term after the perturbation ceases, and the assemblages may recover as vegetation regenerates. Although lizard species respond to spatial and temporal variation in environmental characteristics, we found evidence that lizard assemblages recover as reduced‐impact logging (RIL) activities cease and vegetation regenerates.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Comparative Evaluation of Health Status of Syrian Refugee and Turkish Children, Alongside the Factors Influencing Sociocultural Adaptation of Syrian Children in Türkiye
Authors: Kunuroglu Filiz , Yuzbasi Demet Vural , Kaval Selma , Kucukyilmaz Ebru
Published: January 2025

Background

The objective of this study encompasses two distinct facets. First, it aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the comparative assessment of psychosocial wellbeing and oral health status among Syrian and Turkish children in Türkiye. Secondly, it aims to elucidate the factors that play a role in shaping the sociocultural adaptation of Syrian children.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey assessing self‐esteem, social anxiety and resilience and clinical examination were conducted on a convenience sample of Syrian refugee and Turkish children. The sample consisted of 396 participants (55.7% male and 44.3% female), including 173 Syrian individuals (43.7%) with a mean age of 14.12 years (SD = 2.24), and 223 Turkish individuals (56.3%) with a mean age of 12.44 years (SD = 2.47). Sociocultural adaptation and perceived discrimination scales were also taken by refugee children.

Results

Overall, psychosocial wellbeing, academic success and oral health outcomes of refugee participants were lower than those of the Turkish general population. Specifically, independent samples t‐test revealed that Syrian refugee children exhibited higher levels of social anxiety (t(384) = 3.138, p < 0.005), higher resilience (t(384) = 3.866, p < 0.001), lower self‐esteem (t(389) = 4.614, p < 0.001) and poorer academic performance (t(370.981) = −8.441, p < 0.001) compared to Turkish children. In terms of oral health, Syrian children exhibited significantly higher levels of dental health problems, including DMFT (t(394) = 4.203, p < 0.001), DMFS (t(394) = 4.858, p < 0.001) and PPD (t(394) = 15.09, p < 0.001) than their Turkish counterparts. A one‐way ANOVA showed that socio‐economic status was an important factor in psychosocial and oral health outcomes, except for psychological resilience (F(2,378) = 0.029, p = 0.971). Children from low socioeconomic backgrounds showed higher levels of social anxiety (F (2,376) = 10.704, p = 0.00), lower academic performance (F(2,365) = 33.119, p = 0.00) and poorer oral health outcomes including DMFT (F(2,381) = 7.230, p = 0.001), DMFS (F(2,381) = 4.983, p = 0.007) and PPD (F(2,381) = 22.463, p = 0.00). Pearson correlation analyses indicated that sociocultural adaptation of refugees was positively associated with their resilience (r = 0.45, p < 0.01), and negatively associated with perceived discrimination (r = −0.34, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The findings underscore the need for integrated healthcare interventions that address the multifaceted health needs of vulnerable populations in diverse societies.
Zirconia Barriers in Bone Regeneration Procedures: A Scoping Review
Authors: Uriarte Xavier , Landázuri Andrés , Marão Heloisa Fonseca , Lucena Natália , Schiegnitz Eik , Díaz Leonardo
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To identify the current status and development of zirconia barriers in bone augmentation procedures in the maxillofacial area of adult human patients.

Materials and Methods

Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, the Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases, as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies up to April 15, 2024. The protocol was designed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.

Results

The initial electronic search resulted in 240 studies. The systematic application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 6 articles that met the purpose of the study. The included articles were 5 clinical case series and 1 case report, published between 2016 and 2023. Only 4 articles reported histological studies. A total of 40 sites regenerated with zirconium barriers were reported in 30 patients. Results were obtained with variability in bone gain values, between 0.9–8.0 mm horizontally and 1.4–12.0 mm vertically, in addition to a 30% complication rate.

Conclusions

Although the results obtained in the studies included in this scoping review are favorable with respect to the amount of bone formation and the reduced surgical time required, the number of complications is considered high. Moreover, due to a limited number of patients included in the case series and the short duration of follow‐up, additional studies including a control group are required.
CD4‐Derived Double‐Negative T Cells Ameliorate Alzheimer's Disease‐Like Phenotypes in the 5×FAD Mouse Model
Authors: Xie Yuanzhi , Liu Jing , Hou Zongren , Wang Huan , Liu Kailun , Chen Xiaowei , Fan Zhen , Li Da , Li Can , Pan Yuhualei , Zhao Yushang , Zhu Yanbing , Hu Baoyang
Published: January 2025

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is difficult to predict and is typically diagnosed only after symptoms manifest. Recently, CD4+ T cell‐derived double‐negative T (DNT) cells have shown strong immuno‐regulatory properties in both in vitro and in vivo neuronal inflammation studies. However, the effectiveness of DNT cells in treating on AD are not yet fully understood.

Objective

This study's aims were three‐fold, to (1) evaluate the efficacy of CD4+ T cell‐derived DNT cells treatment on AD mice, (2) understand how DNT treatment make changes in different cell types of 5FAD mice, (3) identify the side effects of DNT treatment.

Methods

We performed tail vein injection of transformed and amplified CD4+ T cell‐derived DNT cells into 5 × FAD mice, while using WT mice and saline injection 5FAD mice as controls. DNT suspensions or NaCl alone were administered to 5 × FAD mice at the 6 months of age. For intravenous injection (n = 10 for both DNT and control injections), 5 × FAD mice were injected with a total of 5 × 106 DNT cells suspended in 200 μL of 0.9% NaCl or 0.9% NaCl alone via the lateral tail vein. Behavioral tests and pathology tests were carried out 30 days after cell transplantation.

Results

Through qualitative analysis, we identified 6 main themes. DNT from young wild‐type mice enhance the capability of spatial learning and memory in AD mice. DNT cell treatment rejuvenates the microglial function. DNT cell treatment improves the state of oligodendrocytes. DNT cell treatment finetunes the activation of the immune system. DNT cell treatment improves the synaptic plasticity and increases the complexity of neurons. DNT cell treatment reduces the density of amyloid Beta plaques deposition in the cortex and hippocampus of 5 × FAD mice.

Discussion

The findings from this study reveal that DNT treatment improved spatial memory and learning abilities, reduced Aβ deposition, and enhanced synaptic plasticity, contrasting with previous reports on thymus‐derived DNT cells. Additionally, CD4+ T cell‐derived DNT therapy exhibited anti‐inflammatory effects and modulated microglial function, promoting a neuroprotective environment. Notably, DNT treatment also reduced tau pathology by decreasing levels of abnormally phosphorylated tau. These findings suggest that CD4+ T cell‐derived DNT cells hold therapeutic potential for AD, effectively targeting both Aβ and tau pathologies.
Simultaneous integrated boost intensity‐modulated radiation therapy targeting clinically involved extramesorectal lymph nodes in locally advanced rectal cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Nayak Prashant , Saklani Avanish , Kazi Mufaddal , Kumar Bharath , D'souza Ashwin , Baheti Akshay , Kumar Suman , Agrawal Amiya , Pansande Namrata , Engineer Reena
Published: January 2025

Aim

Consensus is lacking regarding the management of extramesorectal lymph nodes (EMLN) in rectal cancer. Using simultaneous integrated boost intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (SIB‐IMRT), we targeted involved EMLN and reserved lateral pelvic lymph nodal dissection (LPLND) for nonresponders. The primary aim of this work was to determine the proportion of patients who avoided LPLND and to establish the pathological EMLN positivity rate.

Method

Consecutive patients with rectal cancer with suspicious EMLN [short axis dimension (SAD) ≥ 7 mm], receiving SIB‐IMRT as part of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and subsequently undergoing total mesorectal excision (TME) or watch‐and‐wait, were included. Our primary objective was to determine the proportion of patients with a good nodal response (EMLN SAD < 5 mm) who were spared LPLND. The 3‐year locoregional relapse rate, distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) were also assessed.

Results

Of the 61 patients studied, 38 (62.3%) responded well to SIB‐IMRT. In this group, 32 patients underwent TME alone and six were observed as per watch‐and‐wait. The remaining 23 (37.7%) patients with persistent EMLN received TME with LPLND. On pathological evaluation, 7 (30.4%) patients had positive nodes while 16 (69.6%) were negative. At a median follow‐up of 32 months (95% CI 23.3–40.7 months), 10 (16.4%) patients developed distant metastases while none had local or pelvic relapse. The resultant 3‐year DMFS and OS for the whole cohort were 84.4% and 95.1%, respectively. Overall, 5/61 (8.2%) patients encountered radiation‐induced toxicity of grade 3 or above and 8/55 (14.5%) patients had severe postoperative complications.

Conclusion

SIB‐IMRT targeting EMLN followed by selective LPLND exhibits excellent oncological outcomes. While patients responding to SIB‐IMRT safely avoid LPLND, the potential for increased morbidity in nonresponders must be considered.
Clinical Research Network: JHCRN Infrastructure and Lessons Learned
Authors: Kashyap Rahul , Yenokyan Gayane , Joyner Robert , Gerstenhaber Melissa , Alderfer Mary , Siegrist Erika , Moore Joan , Paller Channing J. , Aboumatar Hanan , Potter James J. , Watkins Stanley , Niederhuber John E. , Ford Daniel E. , Dobs Adrian
Published: January 2025

Clinical research studies are becoming increasingly complex resulting in compounded work burden and longer study cycle times, each fueling runaway costs. The impact of protocol complexity often results in inadequate recruitment and insufficient sample sizes, which challenges validity and generalizability. Understanding the need to provide an alternative model to engage researchers and sponsors and bringing clinical research opportunities to the broader community, clinical research networks (CRN) have been proposed and initiated in the United States and other parts of the world. We report on the Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Network (JHCRN), established in 2009 as a multi‐disease research collaboration between the academic medical centers and community hospitals/health systems. We have discussed vision, governance, infrastructure, participating hospitals' characteristics, and lessons learned in creating this partnership. Designed to leverage organized patient communities, community‐based investigators, and academic researchers, the JHCRN provides expedited research across nine health systems in the mid‐Atlantic region. With one IRB of record, a centralized contracting office, and a pool of dedicated network coordinators, it facilitates research partnerships to expand research collaborations among the differing sizes and types of hospitals/health systems in a region. As of August 2024, total 81 studies‐clinical trials, cohort studies, and comparative effectiveness research have been conducted, with funding from the NIH, private foundations, and industry. The JHCRN experience has enhanced understanding of the complexity of participating sites and associated ambulatory practices. In conclusion, the CRN, as an academic–community partnership, provides an infrastructure for multiple disease studies, shared risk, and increased investigator and volunteer engagement.
Exploring low‐dose glucagon for exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lundemose Sissel Banner , Laugesen Christian , Ranjan Ajenthen Gayathri , Nørgaard Kirsten
Published: January 2025

Aims

This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of a single subcutaneous (s.c.) glucagon dose versus the same total dose split into a dose before and after and placebo (PBO) in preventing exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

Twenty‐two adults with T1D participated in a randomised, single‐blinded, three‐arm crossover study. Participants underwent a 60‐min bout of moderate‐intensity cycle ergometry (~50% HRmax) in fasted state, followed by 2 h of rest. Plasma glucose (PG) concentrations were monitored at 5‐ and 15‐minute intervals. Participants were randomly assigned to receive two separate injections before (t = 0 min) and just after (t = 60 min) exercise: (i) 150 μg s.c. glucagon (G150) before and PBO after; (ii) 75 μg s.c. glucagon (G75*2) before and after; or (iii) PBO before and after. Insulin pump users reduced their basal insulin rate by 50% during cycling.

Results

The occurrence of hypoglycaemia did not significantly differ between arms (G150: 7, G75*2: 5 and PBO: 6 events, p = 0.078). Mean PG levels throughout the trial were lower in the PBO arm compared to both glucagon arms (G150: 8.6 ± 2.9, G75*2: 8.9 ± 3.4 and PBO: 7.3 ± 2.6 mmol/L, p = 0.015). Time spent with PG in target range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) was higher in the PBO arm versus both glucagon arms (G150: 63.9 ± 38.9%, G75*2: 60.0 ± 34.1% and PBO: 82.7 ± 29.6%, p = 0.005), driven by less time above range (G150: 32.9 ± 41.3%, G75*2: 35.9 ± 36.4% and PBO: 13.2 ± 30.2%, p = 0.007).

Conclusions

Low‐dose native glucagon did not offer any advantages in preventing exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in individuals with T1D, regardless of glucagon dosing variations.
Assessment of surface roughness and microbiological retention on custom abutments produced by different techniques and materials
Authors: Selamet Serter Mert , Kumbuloglu Ovul , Sahiner Asli , Ozdemir Guven
Published: January 2025

The aims of this study were twofold: first, to investigate the surface roughness of different abutment materials prepared using various manufacturing methods; and, second, to evaluate colonization by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans according to abutment material and manufacturing method. Six material/manufacturing method combinations were investigated in this study, namely chromium–cobalt (Cr–Co) (prepared using casting, milling, and laser sintering) and titanium, zirconia, and anodized titanium (all prepared using milling); titanium (stock) abutments were used as the control group. Surface roughness of seven specimens from each group was evaluated using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Laser‐sintered Cr–Co had the lowest values of Ra (mean ± SD = 4.8 ± 0.8  nm), Rq (mean ± SD = 7.0 ± 1.2 nm), and Rmax (mean ± SD = 133.5 ± 31.7 nm), whereas milled zirconia had the highest values of Ra (mean ± SD = 112.9 ± 44.2 nm), Rq (mean ± SD = 142.8 ± 54.0 nm), and Rmax (mean ± SD = 1,035.7 ± 350.4 nm). Three specimens from each group were infected with S. mutans and three with C. albicans, and microbial counts were evaluated after culture. Colonization of Streptococcus mutans was highest on milled zirconia (mean log10 count ± SD = 5.87 ± 0.08) and lowest on milled Cr–Co (mean log10 count ± SD = 4.04 ± 0.11). For C. albicans, colonization was highest on milled titanium stock (mean log10 count ± SD = 6.62 ± 0.03) and lowest on milled anodized titanium (mean log10 count ± SD = 6.13 ± 0.03). Differences in surface roughness and microbial colonization among groups can aid clinicians in selecting materials based on clinical relevance, considering their potential impact on outcomes.
Connections Across Open Water: A Bi‐Organelle, Genomics‐Scale Assessment of Atlantic‐Wide Population Dynamics in a Pelagic, Endangered Apex Predator Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus)
Authors: Bernard Andrea M. , Mehlrose Marissa R. , Finnegan Kimberly A. , Wetherbee Bradley M. , Shivji Mahmood S.
Published: January 2025

Large‐bodied pelagic sharks are key regulators of oceanic ecosystem stability, but highly impacted by severe overfishing. One such species, the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), a globally widespread, highly migratory predator, has undergone dramatic population reductions and is now Endangered (IUCN Red List), with Atlantic Ocean mako sharks in particular assessed by fishery managers as overfished and in need of urgent, improved management attention. Genomic‐scale population assessments for this apex predator species have not been previously available to inform management planning; thus, we investigated the population genetics of mako sharks across the Atlantic using a bi‐organelle genomics approach. Complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences and genome‐wide SNPs from sharks distributed across the Atlantic revealed contrasting patterns of population structure across marker types. Consistent with this species' long‐distance migratory capabilities, SNPs showed high connectivity and Atlantic panmixia overall. In contrast, there was matrilineal population genetic structure across Northern and Southern Hemispheres, suggesting at least large regional‐scale female philopatry. Linkage disequilibrium network analysis indicated that makos possess a chromosomal inversion that occurs Atlantic wide, a genome feature that may be informative for evolutionary investigations concerning adaptations and the global history of this iconic species. Mitogenome diversity in Atlantic makos was high compared to other elasmobranchs assessed at the mitogenome level, and nuclear diversity was high compared to the two other, highly migratory pelagic shark species assessed with SNPs. These results support management efforts for shortfin makos on at least Northern versus Southern Hemisphere scales to preserve their matrilineal genetic distinctiveness. The overall comparative genetic diversity findings provide a baseline for future comparative assessments and monitoring of genetic diversity, as called for by the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, and cautious optimism regarding the health and recovery potential of Atlantic shortfin makos if further population declines can be halted.