bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational Systems Theory and Identity Development in Young Adult Women
Authors: Perosa Linda M. , Perosa Sandra L. , Tam Hak Ping
Published: March 2007

One hundred sixty-four undergraduate women completed the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire, the Parental Relationship Inventory, and the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status in order to determine how intergenerational family systems theory is related to identity development in females. The results of multiple regression analyses indicated that the family and parent-child variables explained 32% of the variance for the achieved, 45% for the foreclosed, 46% for the moratorium, and 55% for the diffused identity statuses. Intergenerational Intimacy, Autonomy Versus Fusion, Intergenerational Intimidation, and Intergenerational Individuation contributed unique variance to the various identity statuses.
Do Expectancies Influence Choice of Help-Giver?
Authors: Sullivan Kelli , Marshall Sheila K. , Schonert-Reichl Kimberly A.
Published: March 2007

This study endeavors to test whether adolescents’ expectations of potential helpers’ nurturance and expertise are associated with adolescent selection of an informal helpgiver. A sample of 89 adolescents in Grades 8 and 11 responded to assessments of help seeking within four different scenarios. Regression analyses revealed that expectations of expertise are important in selecting a mother or father as a potential help giver, whereas expectations of nurturance are influential in choosing a friend as a help giver. Age was not found to modify the relationship between expectations and selection of a helper, and gender modified the relationship in only one scenario. Results are discussed in terms of adolescent help seeking as having a dual function, that of information seeking and relationship development.
Diapause Induction and Termination: North-South Strain Differences in Ostrinia nubilalis
Authors: Skopik Steven D. , Takeda Makio
Published: March 2007

Diapause induction and termination responses of a northern strain (Minnesota [MN]) of Ostrinia nubilalis were compared with those of a southern strain (Georgia [GA]). A ther moperiod in constant light (12 hr at 25°C alternating with 12 hr at4°C) failed to induce diapause in GA larvae, but approximately 50% diapause induction was observed in the MN population. Moreover, the 50% of MN larvae that continued their development (i.e., underwent pupation and adult development) did so at a slower rate, as measured by days to pupation, than GA larvae.

In the laboratory, diapausing MN larvae responded more slowly to the optimal light-dark (LD) cycle for terminating diapause, LD 16:8, than did GA larvae. In the field MN populations are univoltine (i.e., are characterized by one generation per year). A delayed termination response in the spring, coupled with a longer critical daylength for diapause induction as daylength decreases during late summer (earlier diapause) restricts the time during which development can occur as contrasted with GA populations. In addition, it is postulated that these two phenomena, coupled with a possibly slower growth rate in the MN insects as revealed under laboratory conditions, may collectively represent the basis for univoltinism in the field.
Knife Cuts Lateral but Not Dorsal to the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Abolish Gonadal Responses to Photoperiod in Female Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: Badura Lori L. , Kelly Kimberly K. , Nunez Antonio A.
Published: March 2007

Horizontal and parasagittal knife cuts in the hypothalamus of female hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus) were employed to investigate the neural pathways that mediate go nadal responses to photoperiod. Bilateral horizontal knife cuts placed dorsal to the paraven tricular nucleus (PVN) did not prevent short-day-induced acyclicity and uterine regression. On the other hand, regardless of photoperiod, animals with bilateral parasagittal knife cuts placed lateral to the PVN continued to exhibit regular 4-day estrous cycles and stimulated uteri. Thus, parasagittal cuts prevented the effects of short days on reproductive physiology. This finding suggests that the lateral efferent projections from the PVN represent an important component of the neural pathway mediating reproductive photoperiodism in female hamsters.
Temperature Dependence of Phase Response Curves for Drug-Induced Phase Shifts
Authors: Broda Hellmuth , Johnson Carl H. , Taylor Walter R. , Hastings J.W.
Published: March 2007

The effectiveness of drugs active in phase-shifting the circadian rhythm of biolu minescent glow in the unicellular dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra differs, depending upon the time of drug exposure (as pulses). For two drugs tested—cycloheximide and anisomycin, both inhibitors of cytosolic protein synthesis—this function, referred to as the drug phase response curve (dPRC), differs, depending upon the ambient temperature. Since dPRCs may differ at different drug concentrations, the effects observed may be attributable to differences in the effectiveness of or recovery from the drugs at different temperatures.
Melatonin Does Not Link the Eyes to the Rest of the Circadian System in Quail: A Neural Pathway Is Involved
Authors: Underwood Herbert , Barrett R. Keith , Siopes Thomas
Published: March 2007

Blinding by enucleation has a dramatic effect on the circadian activity rhythm of Japanese quail. The activity patterns of enucleated birds held under 24-hr light—dark cycles are disrupted, although entrainment can persist in many birds. In constant darkness (DD), blinded birds are rendered arrhythmic. These results demonstrate that the eyes are a major component of the circadian system, and that insofar as enucleation produces arrhythmicity in DD, the eyes' role is not merely a photosensory one. The eyes of quail can synthesize and secrete the hormone melatonin, which has been implicated as a blood-borne messenger relaying timing information between elements of the circadian system in some avian species. However, the way in which the eyes communicate with the rest of the circadian system in quail appears to be neural, since (1) optic nerve section produces the same effects as blinding by enucleation on the circadian activity rhythm, and (2) eyes subjected to optic nerve section retain their ability to synthesize and secrete melatonin.
The Ontogeny of Circadian Rhythms in the Rabbit
Authors: Jilge Burghart
Published: March 2007

The nursing rhythms of 14 rabbit does and the activity of 18 litters from birth to days 14-16 were monitored continuously, as were the circadian rhythms of different behavioral functions of 10 young rabbits from weaning until day 380 of life. The does gave birth 2 hr, 26 min ± 2 hr, 8 min after lights-on in a light-dark cycle (LD 12:12). The first nursing occurred 20 hr, 30 min ± 2 hr, 21 min after parturition. Does that had continuous access to the nest boxes exhibited a regular once-a-day nursing rhythm; the nursing visits to the litters occurred during the dark phase (D). The nursing visits lasted 3 min, 42 sec ± 25 sec. Nursing advanced during the first 10 days of lactation by an average of 42 ± 16 min/day, and thus shifted to the first half of D. The pups anticipated nursing by a significant increase of activity, which was established between days 1 and 5 of life. In two does, the nursing rhythm split into two nursing visits per day, one during D and one during the light phase (L). When scheduled to nurse at an "artificial" phase in L with T = 24 hr, the pups' anticipatory activity was entrained by the 24-hr nursing rhythm. During a 48-hr fast, the elevated activity persisted around the phase of prior nursing time, demonstrating that it was controlled by an endogenous oscillator entrained by the zeitgeber of maternal nursing. Of 10 weanlings, 6 first exhibited a trimodal rhythm, which turned bimodal within 3-6 days. Stable entrainment by the external LD zeitgeber was attained by about days 45-80, and full nocturnality was attained by about days 200-250 after weaning. Having attained steady-state conditions, 7 of 10 rabbits exhibited a stable unimodal, nocturnal rhythm in each of the five functions, while the other 3 retained a bimodal rhythm.
Inhibition of GABA Transaminase Enhances Light-Induced Circadian Phase Delays but Not Advances
Authors: Golombek Diego A. , Ralph Martin R.
Published: March 2007

The CNS neurotransmitter GABA is distributed extensively throughout the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the site of circadian pacemaker cells in mammals. Pharmacological agents that act at GABAA receptors alter specific circadian responses to light and may induce phase shifts of circadian rhythms. In the present study, the role of endogenously released GABA in rhythm regulation was investigated using vigabatrin (γ-vinyl GABA), an agent that has been shown to increase chronically or acutely the CNS levels of this neurotransmitter by inhibiting GABA transaminase. In Experiment 1, hamsters in constant darkness (DD) received a saline or a vigabatrin injection 1 hr before a 15-min, 700-lux light pulse. Vigabatrin increased photic phase delays but did not affect advances. In Experiment 2, vigabatrin delivered chronically via osmotic minipump treatment did not affect locomotor activity period in DD. However, after 14 days of infusion, photic phase delays (but not advances) were greatly increased in the vigabatrin group. In Experiment 3, in constant light (LL), chronic vigabatrin-treated animals showed an increased period that returned to pretreatment values after the 14-day drug infusion.

The results are consistent with the phase-dependent effects of other agents that alter GABA neurotransmission. The data support the general hypothesis that GABA modulates the circadian responses to light in a phase-dependent manner, and may participate in entrainment to light-dark cycles by influencing the relative responsiveness to light in the early and late subjective night.
Sensitivity of the Human Circadian Pacemaker to Moderately Bright Light
Authors: Boivin Diane B. , Duffy Jeanne F. , Kronauer Richard E. , Czeisler Charles A.
Published: March 2007

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the human circadian pacemaker to the resetting effect of moderately bright light (∼1260 lux), and to assess the direct effect of such light exposure by comparison to a control group of subjects undergoing the same behavioral manipulations but with a similarly timed exposure to darkness instead of light.

Endogenous circadian phase and amplitude were assessed in dim light (∼10-15 lux) before and after two consecutive series of three 5-hr exposures to ∼1260 lux or to darkness (∼0.03 lux) in two different groups of young healthy men, using the constant-routine technique. The light or darkness exposure was centered 1.5 hr after the initial fitted endogenous temperature minimum and 12 hr opposite the newly scheduled midpoint of the sleep episode, in order to induce a phase advance in the light-exposed subjects. The phase of the endogenous circadian pacemaker was assessed by a dual-harmonic regression model from core body temperature recorded every minute during constant routines. Urinary volume was measured at each micturition, subjective alertness every 20 min, and cognitive performance hourly.

The endogenous circadian phase shifted to a significantly earlier time after each series of light exposures in the treatment group than it did in the control group (two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures: F = 67.91, p = 0.0001). The analysis of circadian curves of urine production, subjective alertness, and cognitive performance scores revealed that all variables maintained stable temporal relationships with the endogenous circadian temperature minimum—an indication that these rhythms shifted in the same direction and by an equivalent amount. Despite comparable behavioral schedules, including the timing of bedrest/sleep and social contacts, circadian temperature rhythm of control subjects free-ran under dim light conditions, indicating that moderately bright light exerted a direct biological effect on the human circadian pacemaker in the treatment group. The present study also demonstrated that light of ∼1260 lux (which is of substantially lower intensity that the ∼7000-12,000 lux used in prior experiments) produces robust phase advances of the endogenous circadian temperature rhythm, which has been shown to be an accurate marker of the output of the circadian pacemaker (Czeisler et al., 1989). These results support the hypothesis that the phase-shifting effect of light on the human circadian pacemaker has a strongly nonlinear relationship to illuminance levels, such that it is preserved despite marked reductions in light intensity.
Deleterious Effects of Complement Activation on the Lungs during Extracorporeal Circulation and Its Inhibition by FUT-175
Authors: Miyamoto Yuji , Matsuda Hikaru , Kawashima Yasunaru
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this paper is to review the deleterious effects of complement activation during extracorporeal circulation on the lungs and to discuss the feasibility of FUT-175, a new synthetic protease inhibitor, as a com plement activation inhibitor. Complement activation causes leukocyte ag gregation and aggregated leukocytes behave as microemboli in the pulmonary vessels. Anaphylatoxins produced by complement activation have potent vaso active properties and many chemical mediators are also released from leuko cytes. FUT-175 might be effective to inhibit complement activation during car diopulmonary bypass (CPB). Although deleterious effects of CPB on the lungs are multifactorial, we hypothesize that complement activation may play a ma jor role in lung injury during CPB.
A New Total Heart Design Via Implantable Impeller Pumps
Authors: Qian Kun-Xi
Published: March 2007

Hemolysis and thrombosis have been considered as the main limitations of the impeller pump and other centrifugal pumps to total heart ap plications. One of the solutions is to choose the impeller shroud and vane ac cording to the stream surfaces of blood flow, so as to vanish the turbulence and stagnation which cause the hemolysis and thrombosis, respectively, in the pump. This paper describes the method of deducing the stream surfaces to gether with the velocity distributions in the impeller from the fundamental dynamical equations, and presents a prototype design of the impeller total heart which promises to be an ideal alternative to the problematic diaphragm total heart.
"State of the Environment", Reports
Authors: Healy Robert G.
Published: March 2007

Scores of "state of the environment" (SOE) reports have been prepared for countries and regions throughout the world, particularly in the last decade. This is striking evidence of a growing international interest in environmental quality. Regional, national, and, in some cases, even global in scope, SOE reports cover developed and developing countries and have been prepared both by government environmental agencies and by nongovernmental groups. The core of an SOE report is a comprehensive assessment of environmental conditions and trends, although many also contain analyses of current or proposed policies. SOE reports may serve several important functions, and the chief limit to their effectiveness may be the failure to perceive the multiple functions that can be served by a single document.
Taking Stock of Planning, Space, and Gender
Authors: Milroy Beth Moore
Published: March 2007

Planners turning to the literature on women and spacefind it deeply engaged in working out the tension between two major activities, producing goods and cultivating people. However, many find it hard to seize the implications of this research for planning theories. This article tries to make that link. It reviews research that is concerned with gender under the themes of work, families, and association and compares thesefindings to the assumptions underlying spatial development theories. Feminist research is shown to present radical challenges to theories of planning and spatial development.
Current Status and Future Prospects for Community Development Corporations
Authors: Keating W. Dennis , Krumholz Norman , Star Phil
Published: March 2007

This review essay examines community-based development and looks at the status and future prospects of community development corporations (CDCs). The following publications are discussed:

1. Rachel G. Bratt, Rebuilding a Low-Income Housing Policy (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989), 399 pp., $34.95.

2. Renee Berger, Against All Odds: The Achievements of Community-Based Development Organizations (Washington, D.C.: National Congress for Community Economic Development, March 1989), 10 pp., $10.00.

3. Neil S. Mayer, The Role of Nonprofits in Renewed Federal Housing Efforts (Cambridge, Ma.: Center for Real Estate Development, MIT, March 1988), HP 16,32 pp., $5.00.

4. Neal R. Pierce and Carol F. Steinbach, Corrective Capitalism: The Rise of America's Community Development Corporations (New York: Ford Foundation, July 1987), 8 pp., no price.
Characterizing Exurbia
Authors: Nelson Arthur C.
Published: March 2007

Millions of Americans are choosing to live in the exurban countryside-a trend that could transform the politics, government, and economic structure of the nation. Exurbanization is a product of the continued deconcentration of population and economic development in the contiguous forty-ight states. Some writers offer that exurban development will dominate the continent by the early part of the next century. This article reviews the reasons why millions of households choose the exurban countryside, suggests the sociocultural orientations of exurbanites, and discusses the implications of exurbanization for theories of urban form and urban policy. It is argued that there is a need for a definition of exurbia that allows for convenient statistical analysis. Once a definition is agreed upon, research into the characteristics and implications of exurbanization can proceedfrom a common base.
Interorganizational Coordination: Theory and Practice
Authors: Alexander Ernest R.
Published: March 2007

Interorganizational coordination (IOC) is a critical part of planning because most planning involves multiple interacting organizations. Theories and concepts of IOC are reviewed, including definitions, theoretical premises, interorganizationalfields, networks and interdependencies, and IOC strategies, antecedents, and consequences. To bridge the gap between current theories and taxonomies in the organization theory literature and the practice of IOC as revealed in case studies, a set of coordination structures is proposed: informal networks, interorganizational groups, coordinators, coordinating units, non-administered programs, lead organizations, and single organizations. These structures are part of an integrated framework that is offered to facilitate analysis and research.
Nonmetropolitan Manufacturing in the United States and Product Cycle Theory: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Mack Richard S. , Schaeffer Peter V.
Published: March 2007

During the 1950s and 1960s, rural counties in the United States gained manufacturing employment at a significantly higher rate than did metropolitan counties. From a theoretical perspective, this was unexpected and appeared to contradict existing manufacturing location theory. The product cycle theory was proposed as an explanation, and it quickly gained acceptance. The product cycle model as applied in regional analysis predicts that manufacturing plants will locate in urban areas in early stages of product development to take advantage of highly skilled labor, external economies of subcontractors, and close ties to management. As production becomes standardized, manufacturing will shift to rural areas to take advantage of lower labor costs. There now exists a substantial literature, mostly empirical in nature, concerned with the product cycle theory. This article presents a review and evaluation of this literature in hopes of achieving two goals: the first is to provide a coherent summary of the literature for use by economic development planners. The second is to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the product cycle theory and to point out unresolved issues.
Nexus
Authors: Metz Pamela K.
Published: March 2007

The following words were written by an MS W student as she anticipated her transition from the role of graduate student to that of professional worker:
Lesbian Alcoholism: Development of a Construct
Authors: Saulnier Christine L.
Published: March 2007

This article reviews the development of concern for lesbian alcohol problems. It draws on social constructionism as a theoretical backdrop to describe lesbian alcoholism as the intersection of the construction of several other categories: lesbians, the alcoholism movement, women alcoholics, and gay alcoholics. It is unclear how well Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other 12-step programs, popular in both the mainstream and lesbian communities, meet the needs of women. The utility and political implications for lesbians of such programs as AA and the forms that alcohol intervention for lesbians should take are questioned. A possible trend away from use of 12-step programs is reviewed.
Empowering Single Mothers
Authors: Freeman Edith M. , Logan Sadye L. , Gowdy Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2007

This article describes a management-planning procedure, based on a feminist perspective, for highlighting the short- and long-term consequences of parenthood for teenage mothers. It presents examples of how educational and employment programs have used this procedure to become more client centered and to identify ways to empower their clients.
Using Postmodern Feminist Theory to Deconstruct "Phallacies" of Poverty
Authors: Nuccio Kathleen E. , Sands Roberta G.
Published: March 2007

This article demonstrates how postmodern feminist deconstruction can be used to uncover phallocentric biases in current theories of the feminization of poverty. It discusses deconstruction, critiques themes from the literature on policy, deconstructs statements from leading theorists, and questions the proposed solution to the feminization of poverty: marriage for women and the creation and preservation of good-paying jobs for men.
Satanic Sexual Abuse: A Paradigm
Authors: McShane Claudette
Published: March 2007

As female survivors of satanic sexual abuse reveal their histories to professionals, it is paramount that social workers be cognizant of the salient issues involved in satanic abuse. This article presents a domination legitimation-resistance paradigm for conceptualizing this form of abuse that delineates its perceived normalcy among both the perpetrator and the survivor and provides information about the barriers to resistance.
Ethnic Differences in Caregiving: Adult Daughters and Elderly Mothers
Authors: Tirrito Terry , Nathanson Ilene
Published: March 2007

This article reports on a study of the quality of the relationships between adult daughters and their elderly mothers in six ethnic groups —Asian, Black, Hispanic, Irish, Italian, and Jewish—characterized as having a nuclear or extended family structure and the level of care provided by the daughters. The study found that women in both types of family structures are experiencing the strain and burden of caregiv ing and are at risk of mental and physical problems.
Feminist Issues in Qualitative Research With Formerly Homeless Mothers
Authors: Lindsey Elizabeth W.
Published: March 2007

This article describes the author's attempts to incorporate feminist principles into a qualitative study of the process of successful restabilization among formerly homeless mother-headed families. It discusses methods for dealing with such issues as the research agenda, epistemology, and ethics, so the credibility and agenda of feminist qualitative research is not compromised, and presents case examples from the author's field journals and transcripts of interviews.
The Effects of Early Sexual Abuse on Later Sexual Victimization Among Female Homeless and Runaway Adolescents
Authors: TYLER KIMBERLY A. , HOYT DAN R. , WHITBECK LES B.
Published: March 2007

Based on risk amplification and victimization theories, path analysis was used to investigate the effects of early sexual abuse on later sexual victimization among 361 female homeless and runaway adolescents in four midwestern states. Results indicated that early sexual abuse in the home had a positive direct effect on sexual victimization of adolescents on the streets. Early sexual abuse also increased the likelihood of later sexual victimization indirectly by increasing the amount of time at risk, deviant peer associations, and incidents of survival sex. Young women who leave dysfunctional and disorganized homes often characterized by abuse continue on negative developmental trajectories once they reach the streets. The social context of street life puts these adolescents in close proximity to potential offenders and exposes them to crime and criminals. The combination of a negative developmental trajectory and the high-risk street environment increases these young women's chances of being sexually victimized.
Social Information Processing and the Verbal and Physical Abuse of Women
Authors: HASTINGS BRAD M.
Published: March 2007

This study examined the relationship between personality and the abuse of women. Relatively unexplored variables such as authoritarianism, private self-consciousness, and adversarial sexual beliefs were examined along with sex-role attitudes. It was predicted that personality variables with a social information processing orientation (i.e., private self-consciousness and adversarial sexual beliefs) would be more closely associated with abuse than generalized, attitudinal variables (i.e., sex-role attitudes and authoritarianism). One hundred forty-nine men completed a questionnaire containing the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale, Self-Consciousness Scale, Adversarial Sexual Beliefs Scale (ASB), and the Attitudes Toward Women Scale. The results show that scores on the ASB are most closely associated with the CTS scores. Also, there was a borderline significant effect of private self-consciousness on verbal abuse scores. The results suggest that aspects of social information processing are more closely associated with abuse than are general, attitudinal variables.
Assisting Rape Victims as They Recover From Rape
Authors: AHRENS COURTNEY E. , CAMPBELL REBECCA
Published: March 2007

Many rape survivors turn to their friends for support during recovery, but friends may have emotional reactions that seriously affect their ability to support rape survivors. This study examined the impact of sexual assault disclosure by surveying 60 friends of rape victims about their experiences helping survivors. Overall, these friends reacted positively; they did not blame the rape survivor, were not distressed, felt that their helping efforts were effective, and believed their friendship grew closer. But, this generally positive picture did not hold true for all participants. Results of canonical correlation analyses revealed three distinct patterns of helping experiences: (a) relatively positive experiences and positive changes in the relationship; (b) neutral experiences and no changes; and (c) negative accompanied by negative changes in the relationship. Based on these results, suggestions for expanding theoretical models of significant others' reactions and practical applications for assisting friends supporting rape survivors are discussed.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Risk for Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: McCLOSKEY LAURA ANN , BAILEY JENNIFER A.
Published: March 2007

This study inspected the strength of different risk factors for childhood sexual abuse among 179 preadolescent girls (M age = 9 years). The families in our study were oversampled for spousal violence. Mothers and daughters were interviewed about the daughters' experience with sexual abuse and their narratives were coded. When maternal and child reports were collapsed, 18% of the girls were victims of sexual abuse. Included among the risk factors for sexual abuse were interparental violence, family isolation and residential mobility, whether a stepfather was in the home, and maternal and paternal problems including drug use, psychopathology, and a prior history of sexual abuse. Girls in our sample whose mothers were sexually abused were 3.6 times more likely to be sexually victimized. Maternal sexual abuse history combined with maternal drug use placed daughters at the most elevated risk (odds ratio = 23.7). Maternal sexual abuse history indicates a strong potential for the intergenerational transmission of child sexual abuse.
Rape Myth Acceptance Among College Women
Authors: CARMODY DIANNE CYR , WASHINGTON LEKESHIA M.
Published: March 2007

Using data from a survey of 623 undergraduate college women, this study explores the impact of race and prior sexual assault victimization on the acceptance of rape myths. No substantial differences emerged between Black and White women. This finding differs from earlier studies that found more support for rape myths among Blacks. Victims and nonvictims also revealed very similar attitudes, suggesting that socialization patterns or belief in a “just world” may encourage victims to retain their support of some rape myths. The findings suggest that although most college women reject rape myths, a substantial minority continue to support them. Continued educational efforts are recommended.
Differences of Personality, Defensiveness, and Compliance Between Admitting and Denying Male Sex Offenders
Authors: BIRGISSON GUNNAR HRAFN
Published: March 2007

This study assessed predicted psychological differences between denying (n = 30) and admitting (n = 72) male sex offenders within the framework of Eysenck's theory on the personality of criminals. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Gudjonsson's Compliance Questionnaire (CQ) were administered to consenting participants who were probationers in court-ordered group therapy at an outpatient clinic. Denying sex offenders were found to have relatively high tendencies to dissimulate on the EPQ and to present themselves as emotionally stable. On the CQ, deniers showed greater ability to withstand pressure from others than admitters. The results suggest that including the EPQ and the CQ in a test battery designed to screen defensive sex offenders increases the validity of such psychological assessment in forensic and treatment settings.
The Aftermath of Wife Beating
Authors: EISIKOVITS ZVI
Published: March 2007

In-depth interviews with 40 spouses (20 couples) who remained together after the men physically abused their wives were analyzed to identify strategies used in the aftermath of violence to confine the event and allow for the continuation of joint life. In couples where the wife actively rejected violence, she used various interrelated spatio-temporal and audience-related strategies to change the power balance and reframe the event. In those couples where the woman accepted violence, continuity was stressed and little if any effort was invested in bounding the violent event, which was thus minimized and made part of everyday existence. Bounding is suggested as a useful concept for understanding the dynamics of dyadic life following violence.
Measuring Spousal Violence With the Conflict Tactics Scale
Authors: SCHAFER JOHN
Published: March 2007

The violence scale of the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) is a widely used instrument in the field of spousal violence research. However, a number of criticisms have been raised about measuring spousal violence with the CTS, including questioning the item content and the reliability and construct validity of the violence scale. This article discusses certain aspects of these issues and illustrates several points with data analysis.
Psychological Impact of Wife Abuse
Authors: TANG CATHERINE SO-KUM
Published: March 2007

The present study explored the impact of wife abuse on the general and psychological well-being of Chinese women and their children in Hong Kong. Results indicated that both verbal and physical wife abuse were related to negative effects of the women and their children. Husbands' abusive behavior toward their wives and children was associated with children's aggressive behavior. Comparisons among the shelter, discordant, and intact groups showed that women of the shelter group experienced the most abuse by their husbands and were the most depressed and anxious. Women of the shelter and discordant groups experienced higher levels of general distress than did the intact group. Compared to children of the discordant and intact groups, children of the shelter group witnessed more interparental violence and experienced more abuse by their fathers. Limitations and research implications of the study also are discussed.
Does Offender Violence Escalate When Rape Victims Fight Back?
Authors: ULLMAN SARAH E.
Published: March 2007

This study examined two samples composed of single-offender completed rape and attempted rape incidents reported to the Chicago police to determine whether rapists escalate the level of violence in their attacks when victims fight back. Chi-square analyses revealed that the type of victim resistance matched assailant attack strategy. Additionally, forceful verbal resistance was found to be a more common response to verbal attacks, and physical resistance was more likely in attacks where offenders used initial physical force or threats with weapons. Forceful physical resistance by victims was found to be unrelated to the use of physical force by the offender during or after the rape. Offender use of physical force prior to rape was found to be significantly related to the existence of such force by the offender both during and after the rape. Evidence was mixed regarding whether the association of the offender's initial attack (i.e., verbal or physical) with victim rape and physical injury varied according to victim resistance. However, resistance in response to verbal or physical attacks did not lead to increased offender violence after the rape.
Normative Beliefs Regarding the Maintenance of Intimate Relationships Among Abused and Nonabused Women
Authors: WOODS STEPHANIE J.
Published: March 2007

This study examined the normative beliefs regarding how women act in maintaining intimate relationships. A convenience sample of 53 abused and 52 nonabused women completed self-report measures related to physical and emotional abuse by an intimate partner (Index of Spouse Abuse), normative beliefs regarding relationships (Silencing the Self), and their self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem). Results indicated that abused and nonabused women with low self-esteem tended to have higher levels of belief in societal norms and gender-specific socializations regarding how women should maintain relationships. Abused women exhibited significantly higher levels of externalized self-perception, self-sacrifice, silence, and disconnection in intimate relationships when compared to nonabused women.
Reported Symptomatology of Native Canadian and Caucasian Females Sexually Abused in Childhood
Authors: BARKER-COLLO SUZANNE L.
Published: March 2007

As noted by the DSM-IV, “...the severity and pattern of response [to trauma] may be modulated by cultural differences” such as “culturally prescribed coping behaviors that are characteristic of particular cultures” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 430). As such, outcomes of sexual abuse (i.e., symptomatology) may differ between ethnic groups. This study examined symptomatology reported in survey data obtained from a clinical sample of 138 female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Seventy-eight respondents were Caucasian, whereas 60 were of Native Canadian ancestry. Native Canadian women reported significantly higher levels of overall symptomatology than Caucasian women following sexual abuse, F (137, 1) = 5.57, p <.05. In addition, levels of symptoms reported on the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 did not vary equally in Native Canadian and Caucasian samples. Native Canadian individuals reported significantly higher levels of somatic, sexual, and sleep-related symptoms than Caucasians. The clinical implications of these findings are examined.
Elder Abuse
Authors: HUDSON MARGARET F. , BEASLEY CHERRY M. , BENEDICT RUTH H. , CARLSON JOHN R. , CRAIG BEVERLY F. , MASON SHIRLEY C.
Published: March 2007

To gain a greater understanding of what “elder abuse” means to the American public, a random sample of adults from seven culturally diverse counties in North Carolina was interviewed. Included in the sample were African Americans from four different counties and regions of the state. The four African American groups' responses were compared with each other, and with the views of a panel of elder mistreatment experts. There were areas of agreement and disagreement. The relevance of the findings is discussed in relation to research, practice, education, and policy.
The Attitudes Towards Violence Scale
Authors: FUNK JEANNE B. , ELLIOTT ROBERT , URMAN MICHELLE L. , FLORES GEYSA T. , MOCK ROSE M.
Published: March 2007

The incidence and lethality of youth violence is escalating, leading to the development of violence prevention programs. Some have attempted to “resensitize” individuals to violence. The Attitudes Towards Violence Scale was designed to assess the impact of such interventions. The Scale demonstrates good internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha=.86) and a meaningful twofactor solution: Reactive Violence (violence used in response to actual or perceived threat) and Culture of Violence (a pervasive, ingrained identification with violence as an acceptable and valued activity). Being male, being of a non-European American ethnicity, or being a victim of violence predicted endorsement of proviolence attitudes. The Attitudes Towards Violence Scale may be useful in targeting interventions according to preexisting attitudinal dispositions.
The Absence of Cure
Authors: LaMOTHE RYAN
Published: March 2007

This article differentiates between psychological trauma resulting from natural events and trauma that results at the hands of other human beings—malignant trauma. In malignant trauma, cure is not attainable because the core of traumatic experience remains in part untouched by symbolic expressions, leaving a person with a sense of inarticulateness and isolation. Malignant trauma is the result of five interrelated experiences of loss: (a) shock associated with the loss of the expectation of help; (b) loss of control over the integrity of one's body; (c) loss in the belief that the other is obliged to respond to a cry; (d) loss of trust associated with the experience of betrayal; and (e) loss of an other's commitment to recognize, respect, and respond to one's desires and needs. These losses defy symbolization because symbolization is contingent upon constitutional biological structures and experiences of an obliged, trustworthy, and faithful other.
Psychopathy, Treatment Behavior, and Sex Offender Recidivism
Authors: SETO MICHAEL C. , BARBAREE HOWARD E.
Published: March 2007

Consistent with findings in other areas of clinical practice, it was predicted that good treatment behavior (in terms of in-session behavior, homework quality, and global ratings of motivation and change achieved) would be associated with parole success and lower recidivism in a sample of 283 sex offenders. This prediction was not supported: Good treatment behavior was unrelated to parole failure or general recidivism, and it was associated with higher serious recidivism (a new violent or sexual offense) after an average time at risk of 32 months. Further exploration revealed that men who scored higher in psychopathy and better in treatment behavior were the most likely to reoffend. These results could have important implications for risk management and treatment planning.
Six Companies Share Their Insights: The Challenges in Applying Competencies
Authors:   Sibson & Company
Published: March 2007

Competencies are a much-debated recent tool in management's performance improvement toolkit. Companies that want to use competencies to improve performance and productivity must first identify appropriate competencies on which to base their models, for instance. Thus, management might analyze star performers' past behaviors or try to predict the competencies their companies will need in the future. Management also might consider whether or not to tie competencies to compensation. This article is a report on a roundtable discussion about competencies among representatives of AT&T Capital Corporation, Burger King, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Chase Manhattan Bank, Herman Miller, Inc., and Houston Lighting & Power Company. The discussion focused on the participants' experiences with competencies development, the related problems they encountered, competency measurement, and the lessons they learned that other companies may learn from.
Dont't Alter 401(K) Funding: Millionaries are Rare and Most People Save Too Little
Authors: Benna Ted
Published: March 2007

(Response) The "father" of 401(k)s observes that very, very few 401 (k) plan participants are "millionaires." There's no overfunding problem, he maintains. In fact, the average participant's account balance is only about $35,000. So the problem is not that a few have managed to accumulate large balances, it is that most employees still are not saving enough. Moreover, a $1 million nest egg isn't really a large sum of money when it has to last through a long retirement and negative effects of inflation.
New CBR Research Report:
Authors: Wasserman Simon , Klinck Brad
Published: March 2007

According to a poll of major U.S. and European multinationals, most companies have not been catalyzed into action by the launch of the euro. But the poll does suggest a number of interesting developments. Notably, U.S.-based multinationals lead their European counterparts by showing markedly higher interest in establishing pan-European investment pools.
Beyond Pay: What Rewards Work Best When Doing Business in China
Authors: Johnson Mike
Published: March 2007

Finding and holding on to employees is no easy task for foreign firms doing business in China. Certainly, money talks, but it is no guarantee that workers will remain on the job. Easily lured away by higher salaries, workers with the right skills often have their pick among newly arriving com-panies who are eager to cash in on China's still booming economy. What's an employer to do? In a fluid and fickle marketplace, training pro-grams, promotions and perks are quickly becom-ing key rewards for Chinese workers. For employers, that means offering employees better pensions, building ownership in the company, and providing foreign travel opportunities. And for retaining top talent, buying them cars and houses is not unheard of.
Don't Pay for Executiv Failure
Authors: Swinford David N.
Published: March 2007

In all likelihood, the executve yo hire will be sucessful and the board's objectives attained. But it is possible taht the new executvie will fail to meet expection and within a matter of months will exit the company. Your orignial recommendations are about the to be put to an inevitable if ot completely reasonble test-what is the price to the comany of the executive's failure? since the dynamics of today's top executive labor market gives candidates a significant level of negotiating power, it is not practical to argue that you should avoid getting into the position of providing significant risk-protected payments to new recruits or current emploees. It si critical however, that the board of directors and company compensation experts understand the commitments they are making adn the risks they are taking when they negotiate employment terms with a new executives.
A Fresh Look at Incentive Plans for Privately Held Companies
Authors: Gilles Paul L.
Published: March 2007

Private companies are very differnt in certain aspects from theri public ounterparts. IN additon to fewer regulatory and disclouser requirements, they also have very distinct goverance, culturea, and mangament system characteristics, which results in very difernt compensation practice. One primary distinction highlighted in a recent Willam M. Mercer survery is praivte companies's conseratives use of long-term incentives. This is partly because tyical public company long-term incentiv vehicles, such as stock option and resturcted stock, often do not work as well in a private company setting. As alternatives, private companies have traditionally relied upon perfonace units and phantom stock plans for ther long-term incentives programs. These plans designs, however have major deficiencies. Consequently, two emerging long-term incentive approaches, value added plan designs and incentives based on econmic value management, may be ore appropriate for private companies.
Dealing With Scarce Talent: Lessons from the Leading Edge
Authors: Zingheimr Patricia K. , Schuster Jay R.
Published: March 2007

Talent shortages are nothing new. Engineers and registered nurses are examples of professions that have had severe shortages in the past. Today, an unprecedented demand for information technology workers is creating a major challenge for the many businesses that are dependent upon these professionals' skills. This shortage, predicted to last well into the new millenium, is accelerating the need to align rewards with practical business realities. With the recognition that financial success depends on its people working together, successful companies increasingly are basing their pay systems on the individual's ability to learn, grow, and contribute to the achievement of shared goals. By designing more talent-responsive reward solutions, the authors suggest, companies can turn this challenge into an opportunity for attracting and retaining these key workers.
Citizen Judgments Of Appropriate Punishment: An Exploratory Inquiry
Authors: Durham Alexis M.
Published: March 2007

The justice model suggests that punishment ought to be administered in accord with the seriousness of the offense, and that citizen judgments might be used in operationalizing the model (von Hirsch, 1976). This paper examines the question of whether citizens agree in their assessments of appropriate punishment for various offenses, as well as on the underlying rationales for the punishments that they assign. It can be argued that if citizen sentiments are to be considered in the creation of scales of just punishment, citizens must agree both with respect to the kinds of punishment that ought to be administered and with respect to the basis for such punitive determination. The results of an exploratory empirical survey, using an open-ended questionnaire format, suggest that relatively low levels of agreement exist regarding both the specific punishments viewed as appropriate for criminal transgressions and the underlying basis of punitive assessments.
Search and Seizure at the Federal Circuit Level
Authors: Jackson Donald W. , Riddlesperger James W.
Published: March 2007

In this paper, we analyze the application of the exclusionary rule to Fourth Amendment search and seizure cases in the Federal Circuit Courts during the period 1968-1985. To conduct our analysis, we read and coded data from each of the 535 such cases decided in that period. Briefly, our findings are that the exclusionary rule has always been applied in a small minority of cases, and that the proportion of cases in which evidence has been excluded has declined over time. In addition, in most cases the court decisions have been based upon a routine evaluation of the facts of individual cases, and decisions are largely lacking in sophisticated discussion of constitutional principles. Moreover, Burger court decisions over the last fifteen years have had a limiting effect upon the circumstances under which the exclusionary rule can be applied.