bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fiction as a Commentary on Reality — Reality as the Roots of Fiction: European Epics and J.R.R. Tolkien’s Original Legendarium
Authors: Likhacheva Svetlana B.
Published: May 2024

J.R.R. Tolkien owes much of his success as a writer to his scholarly expertise: the professional mastery of epic traditions of the past allowed the author to create an epic of his own. From the analysis of ancient texts and preparation of critical editions and translations (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Beowulf), via “sequelizing” (The Homecoming of Beorhthnoth) and filling in the gaps in Germanic epics, the author comes to creating his own mythology deeply rooted in the authentic tradition. In this article we consider the three different traditions, or the three sources of the material that Tolkien uses: the Old Norse matter, the Anglo-Saxon matter and the British, i.e. Arthurian matter. In The Homecoming of Beorhthnoth as a continuation of the Anglo-Saxon Battle of Maldon Tolkien accurately reproduces both the form and the ideological context, thus becoming a co-author of an anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet, together with him revising the historical and cultural stereotypes and recording their supersession. In the missing and “added” episodes of the Poetic Edda (The New Lay of the Völsungs and The New Lay of Gudrun) the story of Sigurd becomes yet another retelling or yet another version of the Tale of Turin Turambar: thus an elvish legend gets incorporated into the Northern European epics, while a fragment of the Scandinavian epic becomes part of the legendarium of Arda. In the retelling or reinterpretation of the Arthurian myth (the alliterative Fall of Arthur) the creative mythology converges with the authentic tradition: the legendary King Arthur sails into the creative myth of Tolkien, while the frontiers between the Tolkien’s world and the world of European epics get blurred. The non-Silmarillion texts mark an important milestone on the road from the scholarly approach towards the authentic sources to independent creative writing. By further developing the potential of the original texts, Tolkien becomes a co-author of anonymous poets and chroniclers in his own right as well as enhances the credibility of his own creative legendarium while inscribing it into the existing time-honoured tradition by means of manifold references, allusions, subtle echoes and elaborate underlying associations.
Commentary in Culture
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kasatkina Tatyana A.
Published: May 2024

The article is concerned with the main philosophical (epistemological and ontological) principles of commentary as a fundamental practice of being and becoming both for the world and the man. It examines the initial process of “commenting” the non-explicit which lies at the bottom of reality. It also considers myth as a basic practice of speaking about what is ineffable. It thus shows the specific character of art, whose being develops itself in the opposite direction to life: while life tries to highlight different facets and concretize meanings, art integrates facets to achieve a new hyper-meaning. The contribution looks for the ideal principles to build a commentary by investigating the movement and the development of the basic structures of existence. The final section raises the question about the meaning of “new” in traditional cultures.
The Author’s Commentary in the Space of the Text
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sazonova Lidiia I.
Published: May 2024

The article is the first attempt to examine the phenomenon of authorial commentary in 17th and 18th century rhetorical literature, that considers it as an integral part of the book. An important role in its functioning belongs to literary theory. Poets and writers follow a system of rules and patterns, recommendations and materials elaborated in rhetoric and poetic, subjecting the rhetorical principles to literary purposes. The process of synthesizing elements that compose a literary work at all levels (language, genre, stylistic, semantic) is closely related to the analytic approach that was the necessary criterion of art in the Middle Ages and later in the era of baroque and in the 18th century. For a baroque writer, his own text is not only a product of his creativity but also an object of analysis and reflection. The author’s reasoning becomes an integral part of the composition and aesthetic content of the texts. The role and meaning of authorial commentaries in the composition of a literary work are also predetermined by the fact that writers and theorists see their activity as the mission of creators owning an almost absolute knowledge of the world, an awareness that is reflected in some concepts that were very popular in the era of baroque and humanism (poeta doctus, artifex doctus, poesia docta, poeta-inventor). Authorial commentaries collaborates in the creation of the semantic text structure and general meaning of the work, and in setting up correspondences between life and art. The gap between elite and profane knowledge is filled by introducing into the scope of the reader’s reception important categories of the baroque poetic and formal techniques that allow the content coming to the forefront, and also by means of providing information about the title of the work, its purpose and the author’s intentions, its genre and composition, the possible ways to read and understand it. The author, like a tutor, lets his reader into the rules that are necessary to decipher and read a large, intricate, and complicated text. This kind of interpretation is a sort of poetic treatise and a necessary condition for a most complete understanding. The authorial commenting grows out of prefaces and gets into the literary work itself, and collaborate in synthetizing elements that organize its content and form.
Translation versus Commentary
Authors:   Center of European Culture “Dante”, Mazzola Elena
Published: May 2024

This article is a theoretical reflection over the practical experience of translating into Italian the Notes from Underground by F.M. Dostoevsky. The translator is also the author of this article. The need in a new translation was based on the fact that having compared different available Italian translations, while reading the text in group following the principles and techniques of analysis of the reading method “from subject to subject”, it became obvious that some important and very exact words of the author had been translated carelessly. Furthermore, it became evident that sometimes Italian translations are so different one from the other that it seems readers are coping with absolutely different texts. As the chosen reading method allows entering the depth of the text and listening to what is told by the author himself, the scale of the problems connected with translation became obvious: inexact translation choices influence first of all the level of the text at which speaks the author himself. In the article are given and analyzed several examples of the kind of problems the translator had to solve, and it is shown that when the translator precisely understands the problem he is due to face relatively to the meaning that the author put in the text, the solution of the problem is often possible without having to use commentaries. The examples deal with the problem of translating the title, with how to translate more or less hidden bible quotes and with the problem of deciding whether to translate or simply transliterate the proper names of the main heroes. It is supported the thesis that the translator should work to find translation strategies that aim at translating precisely the author’s word without revealing what the author has intentionally decided not to say in an explicit way.
What is Realia? Problems of Real Commentary
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kasatkina Tatiana A.
Published: May 2024

The present paper calls into question the traditional opinion that commenting on realia cannot distort the meaning of the commented text or influence the readers’ interpretation. The paper shows how, when the authorial meaning of an element of realia is understood inadequately, commentary can block the access to deeper levels of understanding, change the base coordinates of the text, or annihilate the operation the author performed to incorporate a quote into his context. It also shows how commentary can destroy the process of “cultivate verses from rubbish” and discover the deep meaning of ordinary things that is the main purpose of poets and writers. Sometimes, for no evident reason commentators seem to make a point of reducing the deep implications the author put in his text to the most comment and obvious meanings. The paper describes how an author can work with realia, by the example of Dostoevsky’s theory of art — the theory of “correcting” realia he saw in the “the flowing immediacy of proximate and visible” to discover “ends and beginnings” — the roots of being. It also investigates what should be considered realia when commenting on symbolic/metaphysical texts (e.g. Crime and Punishment). The analysis of Notes from the Underground illustrates the results of a “harmless” attribution of the epigraph. “The legend of the Green Stick” by B. Eichenbaum and “O.E. Mandelstam’s Poem ‘The Stream of Golden Honey Poured, so Viscous’: Experiences of Commenting on Realia” by V.P. Kazarin, M.A. Novikova, and E.G. Krishtof serves as an introduction to the problem and exemplify the consequences of commentary on authorial intentions.
“If Not All [Words] Then at Least Their Meaning”: Comparative Analysis of Commentaries on Dante’s Vita Nuova
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Corbella Caterina
Published: May 2024

The article explores the relations occurring between the global interpretation of Dante’s Vita Nuova and the commentary to single passages of the text. The analysis contained in Luigi Valli’s book The Secret language of Dante and the Faithful of Love (1930), where the author invites the reader to look at Medieval Italian poetry as an esoteric text, is compared with contemporary editions commented by M. Colombo (1993) and D. Pirovano (2015).The analysis of chosen passages from the text underlines Valli’s effort to find for each element in the text an explanation not only not contradicting, but also enriching the meaning of all the other details and of the global interpretation of the text. This kind of process often leaves open questions, stimulating the reader to go deeper in the text in order to find an answer. Commentary in contemporary editions differs from Valli’s hermeneutic work since authors frequently do not help the reader to enter the whole text, even if they offer him plenty of materials. The main hurdle for an in-depth reading can be found in their continuous offering the reader de facto two parallel ways: biographical and symbolical.The final part of the article analyses examines the authors’ assertions about the essence of the Vita Nuova. It shows how the gap between biographical and symbolical elements that were found in the commentary rises from the original confusion that lies at the bottom of the common interpretation of the Vita Nuova as an itinerary from eros to agape. This statement does not find any textual confirmation in the book, where Dante on the contrary persists in using one term to indicate love — amore. Valli’s hypothesis, affirming that the only language able to speak about amore is a symbolical one, wins back a whole and united way to enter the book.
M.O. Gershenzon, Commentator of Pushkin
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnova Natalia N.
Published: May 2024

M.O. Gershenzon’s works on Pushkin are often considered in the context of the Pushkin Myth of the Russian Silver Age. The general statement is true, but at the same time it represents a certain conventionality, namely: it assumesthat commenting Pushkin’s work was, for Gershenzon, only an opportunity to express his own philosophical ideas, thus ignoring the concept of personal vision proposed by the scholar, and the problem of research subjectivity in general. In a sense, individual position, especially in humanities, can be represented as a kind of “mythology”; however, this approach does not help to clarify specific cases of individual position. This article deals primarily with the research principles of Gershenzon as a Pushkinist, his individual approach to studying and commenting the poet’s works, which enabled him to view Pushkin’s works as an important part of the World Wisdom, where the word of revelation appeals to the “primal myth”. The Wisdom of Pushkin (1917–1919) reveals a universal Wisdom in the continuity of ideas and images traced in the history of language. From this point of view, Gershenzon’s studies on Pushkin are a multilayered commentary on some conceivable original text, which includes everything was ever created and things yet to come. Here can be found an energy that Gershenzon called “Streams of Spirit” (in his book about Pushkin and Heraclitus, Gulfstream, 1922), circulating in universal Thought and connecting the “primal myth” with ideas and images of the present and foresight of the world to come. In this unity, the original text continues to be written incessantly, by every word of the poet, scholar, commentator, or reader.
Commentaries on Dostoevsky’s “Gastronomic Language” as a Necessary Tool for a “Slow Reading”
Authors: Dekhanova Olga A.
Published: May 2024

The question about food history and national culinary traditions as a reflection of the most important cults and rituals in people’s lives has recently become the object of many researchers’ intense interest. Food as a cultural product has always been an important character in fiction, shaping a “gastronomical language” that is unique for each author. This imaginative potential is due to the human capacity to transform words into visual images. The method of transferring information by means of emotional images is one of the personal features of F.M. Dostoevsky’s works. In the field of food realia tea holds a prominent place. Any references to it in fiction are always focused on the process of consuming it because tea existed as a ritual and kept its main traditions in almost every national culture. In this article, I have attempted for the first time to systematize the specifics of tea drinking in F.M. Dostoevsky’s works.
The Necessary Commentary on Fantasy
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gumerova Anna L.
Published: May 2024

This article examines the role and functions of commentary in fantasy literature by the example of J.R.R. Tolkien’s novel The Lord of the Rings, J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter saga and several relatively less known works, such as The Trilogy of the Sword by E. Ratkevitch and Gleams of Aeterna series by V. Kamsha. The article considers methods and problems concerning commentary, such as the differences between researchers’ commentary, translator’s commentary (that a priori should make the original text closer to the reader’s reception); authorial commentary; possibilities of multilayered commentary with the use of Internet; transition from commentary in the ordinary sense to composition reading. Presence and abundance of the various forms of the author’s commentary to the work (both commentary in the ordinary sense and various appendixes in the shape of “encyclopedias of the world”) in fantasy, as well as their comparison to the writer’s commentary in science fiction (which is not fantasy), allows us to see the particular role of commenting in fantasy. The reader must understand the declared world and its events equivalently to the author’s intentions; and this function of the commentary (that is important for other genres, too) becomes evident, exposes itself in fantasy. The article states that the adequate commentary to fantasy demands a lot of knowledge in different areas (religion, philosophy, history, cultural science, sociology, etc.); fantasy, by means of various forms of the author’s commentary, shapes its reader in some ways
A Source as the Cause of Confusion: Commentary and Interpretation of I.I. Gorbachevsky’s Notes
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergeeva Valentina S.
Published: May 2024

This article examines the problem of correlation between documentary and personal when the researcher faces the description of an event or a certain person made by some biased people or dealing with the question single-mindedly. N.Y. Eidelman’s research “visionariness”, combining an historical approach with the insider view of some unclear moments of the Chernigov Regiment revolt (29 Oct 1825 — 3 Jan 1826) backed by both half-fictional (memoirs of those not having been witnesses to what happened) and documentary (investigation materials) texts, is a method that allows to reconstruct with psychological credibility the possible course of events and inner motives of those taking part in the Revolt as if from a participant’s point of view. The plot is transferred from an historical to a literary, even mythological area, that is quite logical considering the development of the “Decembrist myth” in the Russian culture of the 20th century; fiction and tales of those staying out of the scene are being posed next to documents and become themselves documents and “human science” attributes. Given that there are a lot of personal and unresolved matters (as it is in the case of the scene in Lubar), the creative interpretation becomes an appropriate variant of its reception, and the historical commentary allows the content to keep ethic actuality and to shape the readers’ opinion on the main characters. In our turn, we, by means of the same materials, are working at the parallel event reconstruction, commenting not only Gorbachevsky, whose Notes were one of the main Eidelman’s sources, but also Eidelman himself, who created the fictional and non-fictional world of Apostle Sergei.
The Problem of Comprehending, Commenting and Publishing Drafts and Unfinished Texts
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Popova Irina L.
Published: May 2024

The article poses and examines the problem of commenting drafts and unfinished texts. Practice of archive publications involves the presentation of notes not developed into a whole text. Study and commenting of notes (if the text they relate to is unknown, not found or lost) want special research or hermeneutic methods. The article covers the practice of study, publishing and commenting of materials to Menippean theory that is one of the most debatable research topics in M.M. Bakhtin’s works. “Menippean plot” can be found in the draft manuscripts of 1940-s resulting from the unfulfilled project “Menippean satire and its meaning in the history of the novel; it was partly opened in 1960-s while preparing the fourth chapter of “Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics”. There is a wide range of hermeneutic methods to study and comment the large amount of draft notes of various years. Studying the history of ideas in the context of the history of manuscripts allows following, step by step, the development of the Menippean theory, genesis and meaning of the main concepts and the range of ideas that were involved into Bakhtin’s conception on the different stages of its formation.
Orthodox Church Service as a Commentary to the Biblical Text
Authors:   St. Tikhon Orthodox University for Humanities (STOU), Gumerov Alexander Sh.
Published: May 2024

The Orthodox church actively uses the Biblical text during services, not only reading it but also interpreting and explaining it through liturgical texts. Feast days celebrating events of the Evangelical history are of particular interest, as in such cases a fragment of the Evangelical text is repeatedly read during the service; and the text of the hymns not only retells the event in verses but also explains its deep meaning. The article examines how the main principles of Byzantine exegesis (such as historical commentary, allegorism, and typological methods) are used in liturgical texts, by the example of the celebration of the Presentation of Jesus in the temple, dedicated to the meeting of the Infant Jesus and Simeon (Luke: 2:22–39). It also considers the unique possibilities of understanding Biblical texts (especially Evangelical narratives) afforded by the liturgical tradition. The main peculiarity in the reception and understanding of the events described in the New Testament during the service is the “recollection”. The liturgical “recollection” is not a mental reenactment of the past, but a real emotional experience. For those who take part in the service, Biblical facts become actual, and the events they celebrate are perceived as something happening here and now. The Orthodox service seeks to blur the line between participants to the service and the events told in the Evangelical text, putting the worshipper in one place with the Evangelical characters. The attitude of the Orthodox service towards the Bible text can be seen as a unique method of commentary.
Comprehending and Commenting Patristic Texts by the Example of Russian Commentaries on Saint Augustine’s Treatise De Civitate Dei. Search for an Adequate Approach
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Namestnikov Andrey V.
Published: May 2024

What general principles make a commentary interesting to a reader? The main factor is a common hierarchy of texts, i.e. a common perception of the most authoritative texts among the author of the text, the commentator, and the reader. Another factor is a common understanding of the history of mankind, and the history of human thought among the same three. The third factor is the aim of the commentator. An optimal commentary tries not to teach the author, but to learn from him. The paper attempts to answer the question, how should be an adequate commentary on a text, written by a father of the Church. The paper reviews eight Russian commentaries of the 19th and 20th centuries on Augustine’s The City of God. It shows why the reviewed commentaries are inadequate. Most of them do not share Augustine’s attitude to the Bible as the most authoritative text. The most authoritative texts for the commentators were the texts of German classical philosophers — Kant, Hegel, or Marx. The commentators do not share biblical and Augustine’s perception of human history and the history of human thought, but believe in the progressive development of human knowledge, including world understanding. The commentators treaded the text not from the position of a pupil, but of a teacher, looking for and finding Augustine’s mistakes and defects. This attitude makes it impossible either to understand or to comment adequately on Augustine’s works.
lolo
Authors: Maia Viken
Published: May 2024

lololhjfhjfjfghfjgfgjgjf
Unilateral laser ventriculocordectomy results in increased arytenoid stability in horses with severe left sided recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.
Authors: Baldwin Christopher , Ireland Joanna L. , Barakzai Safia
Published: May 2024

Background: There is no objective information reporting the
effect of unilateral laser ventriculocordectomy (VeC) on arytenoid
abduction or stability. Objectives: To evaluate arytenoid
stability and abduction in horses with severe recurrent laryngeal
neuropathy (RLN) before and after unilateral laser VeC. Study
design: Prospective study in clinically affected client-owned horses.
Methods: Sample size calculations indicated ≥7 horses were
required. Horses with grade C or D exercising laryngeal function that
underwent unilateral laser VeC were included. Exercising endoscopy was
performed before and ≥6 weeks after left-sided laser VeC. Arytenoid
stability at maximal exercise was calculated by measuring the
left-to-right quotient angle ratio (LRQ) of the corniculate processes at
the points of maximal arytenoid abduction (expiration) and maximal
arytenoid collapse (inspiration). For each horse, means of measurements
obtained for four breaths pre- and post-operatively were used for
statistical analysis. Results: Eight horses were included: 5
grade C and 3 grade D laryngeal function. The difference in LRQ between
inspiration and expiration was lower post-operatively (median 0.039;
interquartile range [IQR] 0.032-0.047) compared to pre-operatively
(median 0.158; IQR 0.083-0.249; p=0.01) confirming the left arytenoid
was more stable following unilateral laser VeC. The degree of
improvement was significantly greater for grade D horses compared to
grade C horses (p=0.04). The LRQ measured on maximal abduction was also
lower post-operatively (median 0.467; IQR 0.444-0.506) compared to
pre-operatively (median 0.578; IQR 0.554-0.655; p=0.02) indicating the
left arytenoid was less abducted following surgery. Main study
limitations: The sample size was small, no racehorses were included and
post-operative assessment was conducted at a variable time after
surgery. Conclusion: Unilateral laser VeC in grade C and D
RLN-affected horses results in slightly reduced left arytenoid abduction
but increased arytenoid stability.
No delay in surgery for thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic: A single centre’s experience
Authors: Tan Yong Yao , Chew Zhihong , Tun Mon Hnin , Dishish Omar El , Teo Hong Lee Terry , Yeo Kuei Siong Andy , Dinesh Shree Kumar
Published: May 2024

Study Design Retrospective cohort Objective To determine if time from
admission to surgery for thoracic and lumbar vertebrae fractures was
affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Summary of Background Data At our
institution, a specialised workflow was established for emergency spinal
surgeries to take place safely during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods All
patients admitted via the emergency department with thoracic or lumbar
Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) type A fractures and
underwent single stage instrumentation from August 2015 to August 2022
at our institution were included in this study. The COVID-19 period was
defined as the months from February 2020 to August 2022. The variables
of interest included age, gender, date of admission, date of surgery and
time from admission to surgery. Results From February 2020 to August
2022, 38 patients were identified. From August 2015 to January 2020, 102
patients were identified. The median number of days from admission to
surgery was six for both the pre COVID-19 and COVID-19 period. During
the COVID-19 period, more surgeries took place over the weekend (42.1%
vs 12.8%, p<0.05). Conclusions The median time from admission
to surgery was not affected by the pandemic. However, there was a
significant increase in the proportion of weekend surgeries being
performed during the COVID-19 period.
Fusing CNN Models for Improved Parkinson's Disease Detection from Handwritten Features
Authors: Benredjem Sabrina , tahar Mekhaznia
Published: May 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NGD) are a group of progressive neurological
disorders, like as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD)
that result in the progressive loss of neuronal structure or function.
This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including cognitive decline,
movement disorders, and dementia. In this study, we interest in PD, one
of the neurological diseases that causes the loss of dopamine-producing
neurons in the brain, leading to movement disorders. The early diagnosis
of PD seems the best way to improve the quality of the patient’s life by
prescribing the appropriate treatment. The relevant observed symptoms
are often discreet; these include slow movement, decreased performance
in carrying out daily tasks, tremors, muscle stiffness, and various
other psychological symptoms. Handwriting or drawing analysis is one of
the dominant mechanisms supporting the early diagnosis and assessment of
PD. Based on that, to improve the reliability of Parkinson’s disease
(PD) detection, we implemented various data augmentation techniques to
increase the size of the dataset. We then deploy and train various
architectures of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), each
capturing different salient features and aspects of the input data due
to their unique layout and structure. We then carefully select promising
feature vectors and apply various early fusion strategies before the
final classification step. Early fusion combines the feature vectors
extracted by multiple CNNs at an early stage, allowing the
classification model to learn and recognize from different
representations of the data provided by these CNNs. This technique is
very beneficial as it improves the model’s ability to capture a wide
range of features and significantly improves overall system performance.
Our experimental results demonstrate that the fusion of frozen features
from multiple deep CNN models yields a substantial improvement in
accuracy, achieving an impressive exactness rate of 96.29%. This
performance surpasses that of individual CNN models and even outperforms
other state-of-the-art approaches, highlighting the effectiveness of our
fusion-based strategy in enhancing PD detection accuracy.
Limits of solar flare forecasting models and new deep learning approach
Authors: Francisco Grégoire , Berretti Michele , Chierichini Simone , Mugatwala Ronish , Fernandes João Manuel , Barata Teresa , Moro Dario Del
Published: May 2024

Reliable forecasting models are necessary to mitigate the risks posed by
solar flares to human technology. This study introduces a novel deep
learning forecasting approach while emphasizing the need for performance
evaluation methods tailored to better highlight current models’
limitations. In particular, we show that models reaching
state-of-the-art performances with traditional metrics have similar
explanatory power to no-skill persistence models and notably struggle to
forecast change in activity significantly better than random guesses. We
also discuss other shortcomings  in traditional evaluation metric like
the True Skill Statistic (TSS) that we prove for the first time to be
mathematically dependent to the class balance. We introduce
Patch-Distributed-CNNs (P-CNN), which allow to perform full-disk
forecasts while providing event probabilities in solar sub-regions and
position predictions. This new framework offers similar information to
Active-Region-based forecasting models while bypassing the problem of
unrecorded and misattributed flares that are detrimental to machine
learning training. As a result, the model also operates independently of
prior feature extraction and AR detection, thus offering promising
operational utility with minimal external dependencies. Finally, a
method is proposed for constructing balanced and independent
Cross-Validation folds for full-disk models. Models combining SDO/AIA
EUV images as inputs show improved performances compared to employing
SDO/HMI photospheric magnetograms, with a TSS of 0.74 for the C+ model
and 0.62 for the M+ model.
A skill assessment framework for the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project
Authors: Rynne Nina , Novaglio Camilla , Blanchard Julia L. , Bianchi Daniele , Christensen Villy , Coll Marta , Guiet Jerome , Steenbeek Jeroen Gerhard , Bryndum-Buchholz Andrea , Eddy Tyler , Harrison Cheryl Shannon , Maury Olivier , Ortega-Cisneros Kelly , Petrik Colleen M , Tittensor Derek , Heneghan Ryan
Published: May 2024

Understanding climate change impacts on global marine ecosystems and
fisheries requires complex marine ecosystem models, forced by global
climate projections, that can robustly detect and project changes. The
Fisheries and Marine Ecosystems Model Intercomparison Project (FishMIP)
uses an ensemble modelling approach to fill this crucial gap. Yet
FishMIP does not have a standardised skill assessment framework to
quantify the ability of member models to reproduce past observations and
to guide model improvement. In this study, we apply a comprehensive
model skill assessment framework to a subset of global FishMIP models
that produce historical fisheries catches. We consider a suite of
metrics and assess their utility in illustrating the models’ ability to
reproduce observed fisheries catches. Our findings reveal improvement in
model performance at both global and regional (Large Marine Ecosystem)
scales from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and 6
simulation rounds. Our analysis underscores the importance of employing
easily interpretable, relative skill metrics to estimate the capability
of models to capture temporal variations, alongside absolute error
measures to characterise shifts in the magnitude of these variations
between models and across simulation rounds. The skill assessment
framework developed and tested here provides a first objective
assessment and a baseline of the FishMIP ensemble’s skill in reproducing
historical catch at the global and regional scale. This assessment can
be further improved and systematically applied to test the reliability
of FishMIP models across the whole model ensemble from future simulation
rounds and include more variables like fish biomass or production.
Challenges in the implementation of fieldwork learning in the geography curriculum in Indonesia
Authors: Oktavianto Dwi , Sumarmi Sumarmi , Utaya Sugeng , Taryana Didik , Widodo Bambang
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to analyze the high school geography curriculum in Indonesia and suggest ways in which fieldwork geography learning can be implemented. To gather data, mixed methods were employed, including analyzing curriculum documents, the results of national exams, and surveys of geography teachers. The study was conducted with 26 geography teachers from South Kalimantan Province in Indonesia. The findings demonstrate that while the geography curriculum in Indonesia allows for fieldwork, not all teachers have the opportunity to carry it out. Furthermore, poor results in national exams may be attributed, in part, to the lack of fieldwork learning on the lithosphere topics. Geography teachers can handle the challenges in carrying out fieldwork by doing more studentcentered learning, by developing students' investigative abilities, such as inquiry-based learning or project-based learning. Teachers can overcome cost problems by choosing locations around the school, reducing transportation costs, and using mobile phone technology for data input.
Analysis of patients with adhesive capsulitis treated at the Kosovska Mitrovica Clinical Hospital Center over a two-year period
Authors: Petrovic Dusan , Dimic Sasa , Tabakovic Dejan , Bozovic Aleksandar , Jaksic Masa , Jankovic Miljan
Published: May 2024

Introduction/Objective. Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a condition characterized by pain and significant reduction in active and passive movements in the glenohumeral joint, especially in external rotation. It is one of the most common and challenging clinical disorders encountered by orthopedic surgeons. AC is predominantly an idiopathic condition and has an increased prevalence in women and patients with diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism. The etiology and pathogenesis are not entirely clear. Treatment options include conservative and surgical approaches, but the results remain controversial. Methods. The study included patients treated for primary (idiopathic) AC from June 2021 to June 2023 at the Kosovska Mitrovica Clinical Hospital Center. A total of 172 patients were treated. All were managed non-operatively with physical therapy and local intra-articular steroid injections. The patients were followed up on an outpatient basis monthly, then at six months, one year, and two years. Results. All patients were divided into two groups. The first group (87 patients) underwent physical procedures, while the second group (85 patients) received intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Patients that were treated with physical therapy were not administered injections of steroids, while the group of patients treated with corticosteroids were not given physical therapy. Patients were selected through randomization. Conclusion. Steroid injections may be beneficial in the early stages of the disease, especially in the first 6-8 weeks, but long-term results did not show any significant difference between the two groups of patients.
Burgers tensor flow accounting for cold work and thermal annealing
Authors: Borokinni A.S. , Fadodun O.O. , Olokuntoye B.A. , Layeni O.P. , Akinola A.P.
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a kinematical-thermal-based constitutive law for the evolution of Burgers tensor during cold work and upon subsequent thermal annealing of a polycrystalline. The proposal is based on the paper by Anand et al. [L. Anand., M. E. Gurtin., B. D. Reddy, The stored energy of cold work, thermal annealing, and other thermodynamic issues in single crystal plasticity at small length scales, Int. J. Plast. 64 (2015), 1?25]. The principle of virtual work and thermodynamic laws are employed to obtain balance of forces, balance of energy, and free-energy imbalance. Non-recoverable energetic microscopic stresses are obtained as features for materials that are cold-worked whenever the defect energy is dependent on Burgers tensor. Consequently, it is observed that internal-energetic plastic power is not less than entropic plastic power. The recovery rate during thermal annealing is shown to mimic dissipative behavior, leading to a reduction in the accumulation of dislocation densities. Furthermore, the free energy function ?approximated as a quadratic form? is used to obtain the constitutive relations for the macroscopic and microscopic stresses.
Energy integration of corn cob in the process of drying the corn seeds
Authors: Elqadhi Mohamad , Skrbic Sinisa , Mohamoud Omer , Asonja Aleksandar
Published: May 2024

A greater contribution energy production in the future should be expected from agricultural biomass, because current research indicates low utilization of agricultural biomass specifically in the direct combustion process. The paper presents an example of energy integration of the corn cob in the process of drying seed corn. The paper presents the efficient method of drying corn seed with one?s own corn cob. The technological process of drying is presented through the technological process of operation of the corn seed dryer on the corn cob, the energy industrial plant of the dryer and the technological process of two-pass drying of the cob. The main characteristic of a given dryer is the process of two-pass drying of the cob, because the air passes through the cob layer twice and in that way energy is saved. The drying time on the presented dryer has been shortened from the usual time from 90-80 hours, i.e. by 11%. This increase in performance results in a 15% reduction in dryer operating costs.
Combustion simulations of scramjet combustor using reduced mechanism of surrogate fuel for regenerative cooling pyrolysis products
Authors: Li Zhongwen , Wang Jingbo , Li Xiangyuan
Published: May 2024

Taking the surrogate fuel (64% ethylene and 36% methane in mole percentage) for regenerative cooling pyrolysis products used in HIFiRE-2 scramjet combustor as an example, present work systematically explores the workflow of the integrated mechanism reduction for surrogate fuel of pyrolysis products, the kinetic performance verification of the preferred reduced mechanism, and the combustion simulation application of the reduced mechanism in scramjet combustor. A static integrated reduction strategy is performed to obtain reduced mechanism for the surrogate fuel with the NUIGMech1.2 as detailed mechanism under wide conditions for temperature range of 900-1800 K, pressure range of 1-4 atmosphere, and equivalence ratio range of 0.25-5.0. A reduced mechanism (34 species and 181 reactions) with remarkably reduced size is obtained, which presents favorable performance in comprehensive kinetic validations. With this compact and high-fidelity reduced mechanism, the combustion simulations for the scramjet combustor are carried out combining with tabulation of dynamic adaptive chemistry for run-time speed-up. The simulation results of static pressure profiles obtained for cold and hot states match well with the experimental measurements for the two conditions with flight Mach number of 5.84 and 6.50. Meanwhile, the flow and combustion characteristics of the two conditions are investigated based on simulation results. The integrated reduction strategy and systematic kinetic verification used in pre-sent work provide reference values for the application of more complex surrogate fuel mechanisms in scramjet combustor combustion simulation.
Research on the energy efficiency improvement of closed loop wastewater source heat pump with direct-expansion heat exchanger
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Jia Tianxiang , Wang Jing , Li Yang , Zhao Jun , Wang Yaze , Liang Xinlei
Published: May 2024

The closed-loop wastewater source heat exchanger has advantages such as being non-clogging and resistant to corrosion, but their heat transfer efficiency is relatively low, therefore it is still not the mainstream form of heat exchanger of wastewater source heat pump. A novel CO2 direct-expansion wastewater source heat exchanger is proposed in this paper, aiming to significantly improve the heat transfer rate of the heat exchanger and the energy efficiency of the heat pump system. The direct-expansion heat transfer process is complex, large grid number and long calculation time will be required if calculated by conventional numerical simulation software. Therefore, a 3-D transient heat transfer model was developed based on the thermal resistance and capacity model, which offers the advantages of fast computation speed and strong flexibility. The heat transfer and energy efficiency characteristics under different parameters were studied. The COP of the direct-expansion wastewater source heat pump can be increased by 31.0% compared to conventional design, and the heat flux of the direct-expansion wastewater source heat exchanger can be up to 250 W/m for the standard group. Compared with conventional designs, the direct-expansion wastewater source heat pump has excellent heat transfer and energy efficiency capabilities, which is a promising building energy saving and emission reduction technology.
New thermal solver for mitigating surface temperature instability in laser-induced heating
Authors: Zhu Xun , Iyer Kaushik A. , Luke Darren
Published: May 2024

An accepted approach to computing laser-induced peak surface temperature is to employ the enthalpy formulation of the transient heat conduction equation [Grigoropoulos et al., Adv. Heat Transfer 28, 75–144 (1996); Sawyer et al., J. Laser Appl. 29, 022212 (2017)]. This approach is generally implemented using an explicit numerical scheme to solve the thermal transport equation. While it offers the advantage of modeling the solid-melt phase transition automatically, the approach results in instability-like behavior in the computed surface temperature. When laser-induced ablation becomes significant, the heating rate in the surface cell becomes unrealistically large. This results in spikes in the computed peak surface temperature due to large errors in calculating the heating rate. In this paper, we present a new approach, which we refer to as the Moving Frame Solver, that employs a moving-coordinate frame of reference, located at the receding evaporating surface. We also use an analytical representation for the phase transition region of the enthalpy-temperature relationship. The Moving Frame Solver combined with an implicit scheme leads to a stable solution without surface temperature, pressure, or velocity spikes. In other words, any instability in these computed parameters due to use of an explicit scheme (such as Dufort–Frankel) has been eliminated. Details of the new thermal solver and example calculations are presented. Numerical experiments suggest that the surface cell size needs to be small, ∼0.1 μm, to obtain a highly accurate solution with a typical metal such as aluminum. Using the Moving Frame Solver with a refined grid near the surface, but coarse elsewhere, enables accurate and stable surface temperature computation.
The link between waterfalls and biodiversity as a key element for sustainable development and tourism in Amazonian communities
Authors:   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Mestanza Ramón Carlos , Jiménez Caballero José Luis ,   Universidad de Sevilla Ecuador
Published: May 2024

The importance of waterfalls in the Ecuadorian Amazon is highlighted as a fundamental component for promoting sustainable development and boosting tourism in local communities. Indeed, it is emphasized that these natural spaces not only dazzle with their imposing scenic beauty, but also play a vital role in preserving the ecological balance and biological richness of the area. Consequently, their protection and care should be a priority in tourism development policies. It is also noted that nature tourism centered on waterfalls has enormous potential to generate significant economic benefits for the Amazonian populations. However, it should be noted that for these benefits to be truly sustainable over time, it is essential to implement conscious and responsible tourism initiatives that prevent the deterioration of ecosystems and ensure a fair and equitable distribution of the income generated. This research highlights the imperative need to embrace a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to protect and sustainably manage the waterfalls of the Ecuadorian Amazon, harmonising the optimisation of economic benefits for local communities, the application of responsible tourism practices and the enhancement of their ecological and cultural significance. Only through this holistic approach will it be possible to ensure the preservation of these natural treasures for future generations, while promoting equitable and environmentally friendly socio-economic development.
Síndrome adherencial post quirúrgico fisiopatología, complicaciones y tratamiento
Authors:   Investigador Independiente, León Calero María Fernanda , Yepez Jaramillo Juan Daniel ,   Investigador Independiente, Panchi Herrera Evelyn Nataly ,   Investigador Independiente, Cuvi Saltos Luis Daniel ,   Investigador Independiente
Published: May 2024

Las adherencias postquirúrgicas son una entidad común en pacientes sometidos a cirugías abdominales o pélvicas, los pacientes que sufren de esta patología pueden presentar diversas complicaciones como isquemia en el sitio afectado, perforaciones intestinales, infertilidad en mujeres, riesgo de pérdida del embarazo en mujeres, dolor agudo o crónico. Existen diferentes técnicas en cuanto a su prevención, tratamiento y también métodos quirúrgicos y uso de coadyuvantes que pueden mejorar y disminuir la aparición o reaparición de las adherencias. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una búsqueda en la literatura sobre qué métodos existen y cuál es su eficacia en la disminución de la presentación de adherencias.
El Reglamento del Obispado Castrense del Ecuador frente al Estado Laico reconocido en la Constitución ecuatoriana del 2008
Authors:   Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Cárdenas Iglesias Carlos Julio , Barberán Saltos José Santiago ,   Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo
Published: May 2024

La investigación desarrollada en este trabajo, tiene como finalidad evidenciar las contradicciones a preceptos constitucionales por la aplicación actual del Decreto Ejecutivo 3565 del 29 de febrero de 1996, publicado en el Registro Oficial 899 de 7 de marzo de 1996, en el que se expide el Reglamento del Obispado Castrense del Ecuador; de tal manera que, se efectúa una reseña histórica ecuatoriana respecto de la relación Estado-Iglesia y se analiza el contenido del reglamento del Obispado Castrante en Ecuador, frente a la neutralidad religiosa del Estado, al amparo de la vigencia de la Constitución de la República (R.O. 499 de 20 de octubre de 2008), determinándose posteriormente los problemas jurídicos que comporten. Para el efecto, se tomará de referencia el pronunciamiento de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador en la sentencia No. 005-11-SIN-CC - Caso No. 0046-09-IN y 0071-09-IN acumulados.