bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Camera Perspectives, Different Observations?
Authors: Chan Kennedy Kam Ho , Yu Steven Ka Kit
Published: July 2023

This exploratory study investigated pre-service science teachers' (PSTs') learning in the context of a teacher education activity involving the use of innovative video technology. Specifically, the study investigated the nature of the PSTs' noticing when viewing different videos of their rehearsals of a core practice: eliciting and working with student thinking and PSTs' perceived usefulness of viewing and reflecting on different types of video footage. PSTs' rehearsals were recorded by multiple cameras at various locations, including a video recorder at the rear of the classroom, camera goggles worn by the PST, and a student actor. Findings reveal that the PSTs showed different observation foci, observation specificity, and analytic approach when analyzing different types of footage. Although the PSTs rated viewing all types of footage as useful in enhancing their learning, they gave more favorable ratings on videos filmed from the back of the classroom than the point-of-view footage. The implications of using videos to support PSTs' learning are discussed.
Demystifying Mythology
Authors: Ahluwalia Charu , Bali Purnima
Published: July 2023

For centuries, classical myths have been celebrated as models of excellence. Initially, the study of myths was undertaken to understand culture by only being mindful of the fixed literal meaning of the text. In this context, the ancient myth of the Ramayan in India stood as a monolithic structure unquestioned since time immemorial. However, in modern times, when the deconstruction philosophy of Derrida rejects the idea of a fixed meaning as conveyed by a text, the latent meaning of the text arises to the surface. With the emergence of feminism, the unheard voices of canonical texts are brought to the limelight through the contemporary mode of mythic fiction. The mythic fictions undertaken for study—The Forest of Enchantments, Sita-Warrior of Mithila, and The Liberation of Sita—highlight myriad ways of deconstructing the character of Sita and other subaltern female characters who were initially construed under the androcentric dictates of the classical literary canon. Hence, feminist deconstruction of mythology by mythic fiction deconstructs age-old cultural axioms.
Exploring and Enhancing Support for Advanced Entry Students Transitioning Into Higher Education
Authors: Branigan Heather Elizabeth , Middleton Sally L. , Hutchison Jacqui
Published: July 2023

This chapter outlines a multi-phased project aiming to understand and enhance the transition experiences of advanced entry (AE) students (i.e., college students entering university directly into second or third year with SQA HNC/HND qualifications). The project team includes academic and professional services staff with heavy involvement from student interns, giving a unique insight into transition support for AE students. Data were collected through student focus groups and a staff survey. Focus groups highlighted perceived gaps in support as students transition through(out) university, suggesting students lack knowledge about existing resources and desire more peer support. Resultantly, a new online toolkit has been developed to host existing support and new resources developed for students by students. Staff survey findings highlighted variation in knowledge of and contact with AE students, leading to consideration of how to better support staff to support these students. Findings can be applied to the wider sector such as students transferring from other universities.
Analysis of Turkey
Authors: Cetinkaya Volkan , Gidener Nazlı Gülfem
Published: July 2023

This chapter aims to obtain the optimal routings for intermodal transport corridor from Turkey to the United Kingdom through a model based on the principles of 0-1 goal programming method, optimizing conflicting objectives such as minimizing transport costs, transit-time, and maximizing transit-time reliability. Cost and transit-time data in the study were obtained from a shipper company and used such an input for 0-1 goal programming model. The secondary aim in this study is to measure transit-time reliability with the transit-time data regarding conducted shipments. Thus, the Burr distribution (type XII) has been used to represent the observed transit-time data to measure the transit-time variability. The proposed model shows that transit-time reliability can play a more decisive role than transport cost and transit-time factor for competitiveness of intermodal transport routes.
Simulation-Based Optimization of a Transport Robot via Super-Efficiency DEAGP Approach
Authors: Vaisi Bahareh
Published: July 2023

To find the best sequence of the parts to the production system has been respected by researchers as a research gap especially in robotic cells that are confronted with breakdowns. Through the current study a simulation-based optimization approach is presented to trace the optimum sequence of a two-machine robotic cell that produces different products. A material handling device to support the transport and load/unload in this manufacturing system is a single gripper robot. Here, simulation enables the authors to determine sequencing of parts to the cell; also, a comparison is done based on DEA and DEAGP methods to trace the optimal cyclic sequences satisfying the objective functions, and through Andersen/Petersen's super-efficiency approach, the best cyclic sequence is selected. Applying DEAGP usually improves the discrimination power to select the efficient cyclic sequence of the parts, though the results in this problem are not satisfactory, and DEA results are more reasonable.
Political Unrest and Tyre Burning Theory in Developed Democracies and Developing Democracies
Authors: Aluko Opeyemi
Published: July 2023

Protests and political unrest are global phenomenon. Every country has a fair share in this escapade. Protests take place in both developed and developing democracies as a means of obtaining a lawful course. This is largely forbidden in non-democratic and autocratic states. Protests do go bad when the tyre burning theory phenomenon occurs. Protesters resort to violence and destruction of lives and properties in the community. The government has a role to play to secure the lives of both the protesters and the non-protesters, and to be prompt in action to address the agitations of the people within the ambience of the law.
Threats to Democratic Sustainability
Authors: Oluwaleye Janet Monisola , Adeyemi Paul Adeniyi
Published: July 2023

Democracy in Nigeria and Brazil have become more of a mockery due to the myriad challenges incapacitating both the process and the practice. Democracy in the duo have been characterized by elitism, insensitivity to the needs of the masses, comfort of the few, inequality, and corruption. This study seeks to identify the gaps in the democratic tenets and the practice of democracy in Nigeria and Brazil. Procedural democracy theory was used as basis for the analysis. The study employs secondary sources of data, textbooks, reputable journals, newspapers, official publications and the internet to perform a comparative analysis of threats to democracy in Nigeria and Brazil. Data gathered were analyzed descriptively with content analysis. The study recommends that political office should be made less attractive. The rule of law must be upheld while the judiciary should be allowed to remain independent, incorruptible and non-partisan.
Youth Marginalisation in Political Leadership and Governance in Nigeria From 1999-2019
Authors: Asala Bayo Thomas
Published: July 2023

As the Nigerian population grows, so does the number of young people. Nigeria has a young population of 52.2 million (approximately 28 per cent of the overall population), which is more than the populations of Ghana, London, and the Benin Republic combined. Despite this figure's opportunities, young people in Nigeria are overwhelmingly excluded from government, leaving them unable to combat their persistent marginalization. This is demonstrated by the lower proportion of youngsters in political and leadership roles in the country. This study aimed to investigate the link between young political involvement, effective governance, and social inclusion in Nigeria. The study is significant due to the fact that it will bring to the awareness of the public the important role of the youth in leadership and governance positions. The study further uses the procedural democratic theory (PDT) of governance; civic engagement with political concerns.
Gender and Elections in Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Omowumi Omodunni
Published: July 2023

This chapter provides a gender analysis of general elections in Nigeria, with special focus on 2015 and 2019 elections. It explores the history and development of women political participation in Nigeria, the importance of women in politics and sustainable development, as well as the challenges. The chapter reveals that while Nigerian women have made steady progress in showing interest in vying for leadership and political positions, less women are elected. Cultural, socio-economic, and party structures in Nigeria polity are major bottlenecks to the realization of women full potentials in decision making processes.
Artificial Intelligence and Marketing
Authors: Pires Paulo Botelho , Santos José Duarte
Published: July 2023

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have had a growing impact, and the marketing discipline is no exception. This study carries out an analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence, presenting first its different techniques and then the impact of these techniques on marketing areas and activities. A systematic study or literature review was used. The following marketing areas and activities have been identified: product recommendation, brand and trademarks management, purchase decision forecast, price, advertising management, chatbots, distribution and retail, engagement, and planning process. Findings show that artificial intelligence is having a widespread impact across marketing areas and activities, and they also show that this impact is disrupting marketing areas and activities, as well as causing gradual changes.
A Gamified Approach to Enhance Environmental Sustainability Awareness and Responsibility
Authors: Escudeiro Paula Sá , Campos Márcia Gouveia
Published: July 2023

Modern societies prioritize sustainability, emphasizing the importance of intergenerational care and education to encourage recycling habits and social responsibility. To raise awareness of recycling and environmental sustainability, the Eco Tetris game was developed to enhance the learning process. This game builds upon the well-known Tetris game by incorporating card collecting mechanics and real-world integration through geo-referencing, beacons, and augmented reality experiences. The aim is to raise awareness and make players more mindful of their environmental decisions and habits, with a focus on the older generation. Eco Tetris aims to transmit knowledge on recycling and its importance, challenging players to sort garbage into the correct recycling bin. This mechanic reinforces recycling habits by mentally associating items with their corresponding colors. The game promotes ecological responsibility, encouraging players to consider their role in the recycling process.
Role of Natural Sciences in New Drug Discovery and Integrative Medicine
Authors: Younis Muhammad Nasir
Published: July 2023

Identification of potential therapeutic targets through the development of effective and safe clinical drug candidates, the approach involves the application of natural sciences. For effective drug development, cross-disciplinary cooperation and the application of a range of techniques and technologies are essential. The chapter emphasizes the value of mathematics in the dosage optimization, understanding of enzymatic mechanisms, in silico screening of chemical databases, and prognostication of clinical outcomes. Reduced hazards, financial gain, and patient assistance are the three main goals of new medicine development. The chapter also highlights the value of complementary medicine and the role that natural sciences play in its practice, particularly in terms of strengthening TCM's comprehension of the physiological functioning of the body. By providing guidance on how to use herbal medicines and supporting research on the efficacy and safety of well-known herbs and essential oils, pharmacology plays a significant role in complementary medicine.
The Impact Between Motivational Potential Characteristics of Job and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Chen Chiwei , Zhang Kun-Shan , Chen Chiu-Mei , Pao Lu-Sheng
Published: July 2023

This study explored the relationship between the motivational potential characteristics of a job (measured by motivating potential scores or MPS) and job satisfaction and the moderation effect of personality traits. The results showed that the agreeableness personality trait could not significantly predict job satisfaction. However, the higher the MPS and the higher the agreeableness among the employees, the higher the job satisfaction tendency. Conscientiousness and job satisfaction had a significantly positive correlation. The interaction between MPS and conscientiousness also had a significantly positive impact on job satisfaction. The results showed that job satisfaction tended to decline under the interaction of MPS and extraversion. In addition, the interaction of MPS with neuroticism also had a significant effect on job satisfaction. The interaction between MPS and openness to experience had no significant effect on job satisfaction. However, the higher the MPS and the higher the openness of experience of the worker, the higher the job satisfaction.
Customer Loyalty Programmes in South Africa
Authors: Morrison Nicole Bronwin , Shambare Richardson , Rukuni Tarisai Fritz
Published: July 2023

The study examines customer attitudes towards fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) retail outlets based on customer engagement, loyalty programmes, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty towards customer repurchasing decisions. More specifically, this study investigates the past, present, and future trajectories of loyalty programmes in South Africa. This study followed a descriptive and a quantitative research method. A non-probability sampling method was implemented using quota and convenience sampling. The study included a sample of 272 FMCG members that participated in the study. An adapted questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument in the study. This instrument contained 59 items on demography, behavioural, and psychographic customer relationship management (CRM) based variables. The data was collected through web-based questionnaires using Google Forms. Using SPSS 28 and AMOS 28, the data analysis included both descriptive and inferential analyses tools such as factor analysis, regression analysis, cluster analysis, and structural equation modelling.
Analysis and Evaluation of Roadblocks Hindering Lean-Green and Industry 4.0 Practices in Indian Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Gadekar Rimalini , Sarkar Bijan , Gadekar Ashish
Published: July 2023

This research is focused on the identification, assessment, analysis, and evaluation of the impact of the most prominent out of many roadblocks impeding the implementation of Lean-Green and I4.0 practices in manufacturing industries. The research methodology is underpinned by an extensive literature review with expert interventions to make it comprehensive and far-reaching. Further, this exploratory research to address the broad objectives is based on a large sample size, which is validated statistically and empirically for its aptness. A combination of widely used statistical methods is used to converge, assess, analyze, and evaluate the impact of each roadblock individually and in the group on I4.0 implementation in industry. The study prominently depicts lack of organizational leadership, unclear waste management practices, and missing environment-friendly practices as the most prominent roadblocks hindering the progression of Lean-Green and I4.0 adoption. The novel PCA-ISM Fuzzy MICMAC integrated model developed in this research makes this article unique.
Rational or Emotional User
Authors: Bravo Edgardo , Ostos Jhony
Published: July 2023

Understanding why users continue or discontinue using specific technology is vital for its providers. Existing literature has explored the reasons for continuance and discontinuance by taking into account both rational and emotional factors. However, one question remains unanswered: Why do some users depend more on rational factors for decision-making, while others rely more on emotional factors? This study addresses this question by integrating cognitive decision-making styles and the fear of making incorrect decisions into traditional continued usage models. Data were gathered from 285 TV users and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results demonstrate that the introduced constructs moderated the direct effects of rational and emotional factors. The contribution of the study lies in incorporating the underlying cognitive processes of decision-making. It presents two actionable variables that managers can utilize to categorize their customers and enhance the effectiveness of their use continuance strategies.
Clinical audit on in-patient diabetes care in a university medical unit
Authors: De Silva N. L. , Sirimanna R. , Ariyarathna K. , Jayasekara P. , Govindapala D. , Loku Prathapasinghe A.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Auditing is integral to recognising deficits in care and providing sustainable improvements. Auditing of in-patient diabetes care has not been practised in Sri Lanka despite its impact on patient outcomes. The objectives were to assess the quality of in-patient diabetes care at a University Medical Unit measured against the standards in 'National diabetes in-patient audit, UK' and American Diabetes Association. This was followed by implementing changes and re-auditing, completing the clinical audit cycle.
Methods: Data were retrieved retrospectively from medical records of in-patients with diabetes at the medical ward, University Hospital - KDU. Documentation of outpatient medications, appropriateness of blood glucose monitoring, achieved glycaemic control and medication management errors were assessed. The first cycle was conducted in August 2021, followed by remedial measures, including educating medical and nursing staff and introducing hypoglycaemia and blood glucose monitoring algorithms and a structured insulin prescription form. The second cycle was conducted in July 2022.
Results: Data were collected from 76 and 73 patient records in the first and second cycles, respectively. Outpatient medication regime was documented in 22 (28.9%) in the first cycle and 61 (83.6%) in the second cycle (p<0.001). Blood glucose monitoring was inadequate in 34.2% and 57.5% in the first and second cycles, respectively. Persistent hyperglycaemia was observed in 52.6% in the first cycle and 55.7% in the second. Ten patients had hypoglycaemia during the first cycle, while four incidences occurred during the second cycle. Medication adjustment for persistent hyperglycaemia was not performed in 50% and 43.6% of patients in the first and second cycles.
Conclusions: Unprecedented scarcity of resources during the second cycle posed limitations in glycaemic monitoring. Observed deficiencies in in-patient diabetes care that remained resistant to the remedial measures necessitate strong consideration of more proactive care improvement initiative
Crashworthiness of a Lift plus Cruise eVTOL Vehicle Design within Dynamic Loading Environments
Authors:   NASA Langley Research Center, Putnam Jacob , Littell Justin
Published: July 2023

To aid in the development of electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has undertaken research initiatives to evaluate and optimize design features of eVTOL aircraft. One such initiative has been to develop energy attenuating design mechanisms to improve eVTOL vehicle crashworthiness. In this study, crashworthiness design mechanisms, implemented within a six-passenger lift plus cruise (LPC) eVTOL concept vehicle, were evaluated under multi-axis dynamic loading conditions. This work builds upon crashworthiness design concepts previously optimized within a simplified vehicle-loading environment. The results of this study found the effectiveness of energy attenuating design mechanisms to be dependent on the complexity of load environment in which they were employed. An increase in off-axis loading resulted in a decrease in occupant protective capability. These results indicate the necessity for evaluating vehicle design across the range of possible dynamic impact conditions to characterize crashworthiness. This work provides preliminary methodology for implementing energy attenuating design mechanisms and evaluating crashworthiness for future UAM markets.
Exploring Pilot Workload Using Inceptor Time Histories
Authors:   NAWCAD, Paul Ryan , Rhinehart Matthew
Published: July 2023

The benefits of developing objective measures of handling qualities, more specifically pilot workload, are of great interest to the United States Navy. Several lines of research have been initiated to that end with this study focusing on inceptor activity. Potential pilot inceptor workload metrics were applied to a data set consisting of ten pilots conducting simulated approach and hover tasks to a DDG-class ship. Piloted handling qualities ratings were recorded for the tasks. Workload variation was induced by using different aircraft response types, varying degrees of ship motion, and the presence/absence of cueing. Using only pilot inceptor state data, potential workload metrics were evaluated and correlations with handling qualities ratings were examined. Methods to apply traditionally single-axis metrics to multi-axis tasks were explored, inconclusively. Predictive ability of the simple metrics improved by breaking tasks into pseudo-time invariant sub-tasks. A multi-axis metric from past research was shown to correlate best with workload ratings, but several more traditional workload measures show promise and correlation may improve if applied to a scale other than Cooper-Harper. A novel approach of treating the multi-axis problem as a metric itself is introduced and data presented to support adoption as a workload discriminator in and of itself.
Compound Rotorcraft Yaw Control Fault Detection
Authors:   Pennsylvania State University, Lewis Jeffrey , Iyer Venkatakrishnan , Johnson Eric
Published: July 2023

Emerging vertical flight concepts being proffered for solutions to the Future Vertical Lift (FVL) mission set such as compound high speed rotorcraft can be designed with multiple, coupled control effectors thus creating redundant systems in one or two more axes to generate control forces and moments which allow for a range of trim states. In the FVL mission area future rotorcraft will be asked to fly into high threat environments where potential failure modes can be encountered due to enemy fire or mechanical failure causing reduction of the safe flight envelope. Fault detection creates options to increase the survivability of the crew and passengers allowing an emergency flight envelope to be proposed. One of the more serious potential failures due to enemy fire is a loss of yaw control. Faults in yaw control can be detected in a compound rotorcraft with a vectored thrust ducted propeller (VTDP) or similar anti-torque thruster. An online Kalman filter (KF) for a dimensional yaw moment coeff icient model will be used to estimate vehicle yaw coeff icients. Deviation from the nominal coefficients will be monitored based on the KF statistics in the case of both rudder and tail rotor failure at 60, 40, and 20 ft/s in forward flight. Both frozen zero rudder and ganged sector faults as well as failed tail rotor faults were successfully detected at all airspeeds except the failed tail rotor at 60 ft/s. For the yaw control faults considered, post fault excitation appears airspeed dependent. An online KF estimator for yaw control fault detection could successfully be integrated into the design of a compound rotorcraft with VTDP thereby increasing system safety.
Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Urban Air Mobility Aircraft with Distributed Electric Propulsion
Authors:   Pennsylvania State University, Theron Jean-Pierre ,   Continuum Dynamics Inc., Wachspress Daniel , Enciu Jacob , Horn Joseph
Published: July 2023

In this work the use of a Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion flight control system is investigated for use on electric-VTOL aircraft. This included studying the use of an airspeed scheduled switching system that would switch the aircraft’s control architecture from a low speed helicopter control system to a high speed airplane control system. Additionally, a novel thrust control allocation scheme is presented. This new scheme combines the variable collective pitch and variable rotor speed allocation schemes into a unified, complimentary filtering based, control allocation scheme. This new scheme is compared against the original constituent schemes on the basis of time simulations, stability margins and handling qualities. The successful operation of the control architecture switching system, was demonstrated via time domain simulations. It was also found that the combined control allocation scheme did not have better performance than the variable collective pitch scheme. However, the combined scheme did offer some improved performance over the variable rotor speed scheme. Especially when electric motor torque limits are enforced. The combined control allocation scheme was able to perform maneuvers that the variable rotor speed scheme could not.
Trade-off between Maneuver Performance and Component Load Limiting
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Mballo Chams , V. J.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, two competing model predictive component load limiting control (LLC) architectures, viz., command limiting and control limiting, are developed and evaluated for performance in nonlinear model simulations. Reduced order time invariant linear models of coupled body-rotor-inflow dynamics are used for real-time prediction of rotor system component harmonic loads. The trade-off between maneuver performance and component load limiting is compared between the proposed command limiting architecture and a previously studied control limiting architecture. Nonlinear simulation results show that the maneuver performance degradation in the presence of component load limiting with a command limiting architecture is less severe when compared with a control limiting architecture.
Developing Sustainable Urban Air Mobility Infrastructure that is Efficient, Safe and Regulatory Compliant
Authors:   Five-Alpha LLC, Alexander Rex ,   Praxis Aerospace Concepts International Inc., Daniels Jonathan
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the historical relationship between existing standards, codes, and best practices as it correlates to successful as well as unsuccessful low altitude aviation infrastructure, e.g. heliports for helicopters. This historical relationship is then examined as to how it may apply to the development of future standards and practices for infrastructure in support of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) and Urban Air Mobility (UAM). There is a welldocumented and strong correlation between correctly designed helicopter infrastructure as it pertains to safety and sustainability with several valuable lessons learned that can be directly applied to this new transportation model. However, there are also areas of interest such as terminology, compliance requirements, oversight, data integrity, forms and records, ordinances, survey criteria, airspace protection, and federal funding, to name a few, where there are obvious opportunity for improvement going forward. This paper seeks to highlight many of the key lessons learned from the past as well as opportunities for improvement in preparing for the future.
3D Conformal Pilot Cueing for Rotorcraft Shipboard Landings: A Comparison of Tunnel in the Sky and a Pursuit Guidance Flight Lead Cueing System
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Walters Robert , Feigh Dr. , McCandless Joseph
Published: July 2023

This paper presents preliminary results of a pilot-in-the-loop (PIL) study of different cueing designs to reduce pilot workload in rotorcraft shipboard landings. The participants were tasked with flying an approach to touchdown on the deck of an Arleigh Burke Flight IIA class Destroyer under both day visual flight rules (VFR) and night-unaided, zeroillumination conditions. For each condition, the participants were presented with three different cue types. For the day iterations these were a generic military standard heads up display (HUD), a ship fixed tunnel in the sky (tunnel), and a virtual flight lead cueing system (FLCS). The zero-illumination night condition was deemed impossible to land with only the HUD, so it was replaced with a combination of the tunnel and FLCS for the purpose of gaining initial feedback on combining elements of different systems. Terminal landing constraints (location, heading, and impact velocity) were used as measures of pilot performance, the NASA Task Load Index (TLX) survey was used to evaluate perceived pilot workload, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) was used to rate interface and cueing usability. Initial findings showed that pilots viewed the tunnel cueing as having the lowest perceived workload while the FLCS provided the best terminal performance. All types of 3D cueing improved performance when compared to the HUD baseline. The use of 3D cueing also expanded the operational envelope to include zero-illumination conditions. For completeness, the study requires additional subjects, specifically those that have prior shipboard landing experience, as COVID-19 safety precautions paused in-person simulator testing early in the testing period. This body of work represents the next iteration of FLCS research, initially published in Ref. 1.
Multisensory Cueing to Resolve Helicopter Drift Detection in DVE
Authors:   DRIP, Rupert Angus ,   Air Force Research Lab, Brill J. ,   Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, McGrath Braden ,   Engineering Acoustics Inc., Mortimer Bruce
Published: July 2023

Spatial Disorientation (SD) mishaps account for the greatest loss of lives in both military and civilian aviation worldwide. When no mechanical cause of a mishap is identified, mishap investigators can use flight data recorder information to populate perceptual models with aircraft flight parameters in order to confirm or deny that pilot SD was the probable cause of the mishap. Current perceptual model weaknesses include the inability to analyze hover and hover-transition mishaps and not accounting for sensory inputs from the auditory and somatosensory systems. The authors have conducted in-flight helicopter perceptual threshold studies to extend the model envelop to include hover as well as a series of tactile cueing in-flight studies in fixed-wing aircraft to permit the inclusion of somatosensory information into the model. This expanded model, by including all sensory modalities, now provides a probable solution to prevention of SD mishaps by continuously maintaining spatial orientation via multisensory cueing. Examples of application of the model to recent high-profile mishaps are included.
Assessment of a Multimodal Cueing Set for Maintaining Aviators' Situational Awareness in a Degraded Visual Environment
Authors:   US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Feltman Kathryn ,   US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Hartnett Gina ,   San Jose State Research Foundation, Godfroy-Cooper Martine , McAtee Aaron , Miller Joel
Published: July 2023

Current and future military rotary-wing operations are anticipated to take place more frequently in urban environments. This will increase likelihood for the presence of obstacles along the flight path. In order to maintain safe and effective flights, cueing for obstacle detection and subsequent avoidance is needed. A study was completed to examine the utility of providing obstacle avoidance cues using multimodal cueing. Three different cueing configurations consisting of combinations of visual, auditory, and tactile cues that provided obstacle avoidance information were examined to evaluate their effect on pilots' situational awareness and workload. Pilots performed low-level flights in a dense urban area with obstacles present. Initial support for multimodal displays of obstacle information was found.
Multisensory Cues for Addressing Spatial Orientation
Authors:   Engineering Acoustics Inc., Mortimer Bruce ,   US Army Aeromedical Research Lab, Rupert Angus ,   Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, French Jon , McGrath Braden
Published: July 2023

Spatial orientation (SO) awareness and the associated Spatial Disorientation (SD) are very complex and multi-faceted problems that are often implicated in military and civilian aviation mishaps. This work describes a series of experiments where participants reported their perceived orientation during test flight maneuvers, while under various controlled sensory reference conditions. Participant sensory information was restricted to; visual instrument conditions, vibrotactile orientation cues that were presented on an array of body referenced tactile actuators and no visual or tactile cues. During maneuvers where visual or tactile cueing information was provided, all participants maintained spatial orientation. As expected, in the absence of cues, participants relied on their somatosensory system which could lead to significant errors in orientation estimation. Continuous tactile orientation information potentially provides the capability of maintaining SO under conditions of pilot distraction during degraded visual environments.
From Helicopter Vibrations to Passenger Perceptions: A Closer Look on Standards
Authors:   University of Stuttgart, Özkurt Süleyman ,   Airbus Helicopters Deutschland GmbH, Dieterich Oliver ,   Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Bülthoff Heinrich , Fichter Walter , Rath Tobias , Priems Martijn , A. Suzanne
Published: July 2023

The serial introduction of passive and active anti-vibration means lead primarily to the reduction of the vibration levels at blade passage frequencies Nb/rev. Consequently, other- previously unnoticed- sources of vibration are perceived by rotorcraft occupants. Therefore, a comprehensive vibration assessment metric is required to characterize the impact of different vibration sources of helicopters regarding passenger comfort. Since the advance of industrial/military aerial transport machines, several vibration assessment metrics were developed such as the Intrusion Index (ADS-27A-SP), the overall ride value av (ISO2631-1) and the NASA DISC model. However, these metrics have deficiencies regarding the evaluation of complex rotorcraft vibrations, e.g. the Intrusion Index favors only the rotor harmonics in the vibration evaluation, the overall ride value av is based on uniaxial, sinusoidal oscillations at discrete frequencies and the NASA DISC model considers only vibration measurements on the floor and not on other vibration contact surfaces. Since the rotorcraft vibrations are characterized by the presence of triaxial, multiple vibration sources it is unclear whether one of these metrics is appropriate to assess the perceived discomfort. The work presented in this paper addresses this topic. The suitability of existing vibration evaluation metrics, especially av, regarding typical rotorcraft vibration patterns is investigated. For that purpose, a systematic whole-body vibration campaign was performed, in which human subjects were seated in a helicopter seat on a motion platform and exposed to helicopter specific vibration patterns of which specific frequencies were systematically attenuated or increased. Participants rated the perceived discomfort using magnitude estimation. The campaign reveals, that the overall ride value av is not well-suited to predict and to compare the discomfort of different vibration spectra. Especially in vertical direction, the application of av will significantly overestimate the discomfort. This implies that this metric is not appropriate for evaluation of helicopter specific vibrations and could be improved. The results in this paper are a first step in that direction but more comprehensive analyses of helicopter specific vibrations and their impact on passenger comfort are necessary.
Pretest Flutter Predictions of the Upcoming Aeroelastic Tiltrotor Wind Tunnel Test
Authors:   US Army CCDC ARL, Kreshock Andrew ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, Yeo Hyeonsoo ,   University of Alabama, Baggett Jennifer , Kang Hao , Thornburgh Robert , Shen Jinwei
Published: July 2023

This paper discusses current pretest whirl flutter predictions for the TiltRotor Aeroelastic Stability Testbed (TRAST) using two different multi-body dynamic-based rotorcraft comprehensive analysis codes, CAMRAD II and RCAS. The U.S. Army is developing this new tiltrotor system to validate whirl flutter stability analysis, a critical instability mechanism in this type of aircraft. The TRAST model has been fabricated but has not been tested in the wind tunnel. This paper includes component bench testing results with comparisons to the analysis. The predictions include parametric variations of the pitch spring and the control system geometry that can be conducted on the TRAST model.
Tiltrotor Conversion Maneuver Analysis with RCAS
Authors:   US Army CCDC AvMC, Yeo Hyeonsoo ,   Advanced Rotorcraft Technology Inc., Saberi Hossein
Published: July 2023

Aeromechanics analysis is performed using the comprehensive analysis code RCAS (Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System) to study the transient conversion maneuver of a tiltrotor. The analytical model is based on the XV-15 research tiltrotor aircraft in size and dynamic characteristics. A generic (not representative of XV-15) tiltrotor control system is developed to simulate conversion maneuver. Hover and cruise performance of the present XV-15 analytical model is validated against available test data. The conversion calculation begins with a trim analysis at hover, which is followed by the conversion maneuver. During the maneuver analysis, the pilot control model is activated to fly the aircraft following a desired airspeed profile and minimum altitude change. Time histories of vehicle dynamics, rotor controls, rotor flapping, rotor performance and blade structural loads are investigated for various transient conversion maneuvers. The aircraft acceleration during the transient maneuver has a significant influence on the rotor performance and loads.
Relative Rotor Phasing for Multicopter Vibratory Load Minimization
Authors:   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Niemiec Robert , Gandhi Farhan , Kopyt Nicholas
Published: July 2023

This study focuses on vibration reduction for quadcopters and octocopters with elastic, 2-bladed, synchronized-RPM, variable-pitch rotors through the use of relative rotor phasing. The study defines phase modes such as a pitch phase mode with relative phasing between the front and aft rotors, a roll phase mode with relative phasing between the left and right rotors, and a differential phase mode with relative phasing between the clockwise and counterclockwise spinning rotors for both the quadcopter and the octocopter, as well as additional higher harmonic phase modes for the octocopter. Parametric studies on individual phase modes indicate that for the quadcopter in forward flight the pitch and roll phase modes can almost entirely eliminate the 2/rev vibratory forces (at the aircraft level), but the 2/rev vibratory moments cannot be minimized at the same time. By simultaneously using multiple phase modes a Pareto-front can be generated and a solution selected based on the relative emphasis on force or moment vibration reduction. For the octocopter it was observed that individual higher harmonic modes (specifically the 2c or 2s modes) could almost entirely eliminate both the 2/rev vibratory forces and moments, simultaneously. Compared to vibration levels in forward flight that might, on average, be expected if the rotors were randomly phased, reductions of 62% and 96% in a composite vibration index (equally weighting 2/rev vibratory forces and moments) were calculated for the quadcopter and octocopter, respectively, with appropriate rotor phasing.
Comparisons of Fully Coupled Aeroelastic Fuselage Simulations to UH-60A Airloads Program Data
Authors:   ATA Engineering Inc, Reveles Nicolas ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, Yeo Hyeonsoo , Blades Eric , Pierce Tyler
Published: July 2023

An aeroelastic coupling framework is applied to the UH-60A platform to examine aerodynamic-induced vibrations at four advance ratios spanning the flight envelope. Both one-way and two-way aeroelastic coupling results are examined at each condition. The two-way coupled results are observed to generally predict closer values to measured flight test data on the lifting surfaces of the empennage, and a less pronounced effect is seen in stiffer, nonlifting structure. The effect of aeroelastic coupling subiterations is examined, and they are found to further refine the two-way coupled results, generally improving prediction quality.
Towards Full-Scale Fuselage Drag Reduction Computations using Fluidic Oscillators
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Koukpaizan Nicholson , Glezer Ari , Smith Marilyn
Published: July 2023

Computations were performed to assess the effect of fluidically-oscillating jets on a ROBIN-mod7 helicopter fuselage. The simulations utilize previously experimentally validated methodologies that rely on a new boundary condition formulation at the actuator throats, based on phase-averaged flow variables, which obviates the need to resolve the internal cavities simultaneously with the outer flow. Predictions of the base flow past the helicopter fuselage were validated against experimental and computational data available in the literature. The fluidic oscillator characteristics were then evaluated at different scales and pressure ratios, and invariant quantities were identified. In the flow control evaluation, flow separation was significantly reduced and, in some cases, suppressed. However, drag reduction was not obtained, indicating the sensitivity of the actuation location and operating conditions to the vehicle design and flight orientation.
Comparison of Computational and Experimental Hub Drag Breakdown for A Scaled Coaxial Counter-Rotating Hub
Authors:   Army Research Laboratory, Anusonti-Inthra Phuriwat ,   US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Floros Matthew
Published: July 2023

A computational investigation of aerodynamic drag of coaxial rotor hubs is performed and compared with test data from a prior experiment. The counter-rotating coaxial hub model considered is based on a rotor design developed by AVX Aircraft Company. Component-level contributions to overall hub drag are quantified by building up the rotor from a bare shaft to complete hubs and control systems and measuring the drag as components are added. Fifteen total configurations are considered with CFD and compared to the experimental drag measurements of ten configurations from prior wind tunnel test data. The drag of each hub configuration is presented relative to a baseline configuration featuring the complete coaxial rotor hub and control system without the blade fairings. The CFD results and experimental data verify that the total hub drag is reduced by 25%-29% by incorporating the blade fairings. Nearly half of the remaining drag is from the mast and pitch links, while the blade grip contributes another 25% of the overall drag. The CFD results also show high level of interference drag (9.95%) which includes aerodynamic interference between mast/split plate, upper/lower swash plates, and swash plate/split plate.
MEU AMIGO JORGE CALVO!
Authors: Kellner Alexander Wilhelm Armin
Published: July 2023

Por volta das 11h30min do dia 10 de janeiro de 2023 faleceu o Dr. Jorge Orlando Calvo em um hospital de Neuquén, Argentina, onde estava internado desde o início do mês. Tendo desenvolvido uma excelente relação com a sua ex-mulher, que estava ao seu lado nas últimas horas, deixa dois filhos e um neto. Este texto ´é um resumo da vida acadêmica e uma singela homenagem a uma pessoa admirável pela sua dedicação à causa da paleontologia.
Anesthetic Management of Mini Sternotomy and Excision of Mediastinal Neurogenic Tumor: Brain–Heart Crosstalk
Authors: Paul Arnab , Monteiro Joseph N. , Gandhe Uday , Deshpande Gargi
Published: July 2023

Brachial plexus tumors are rare and pose challenges for neurosurgeons due to their anatomical complexity. Retrosternal extension of a tumor makes it more difficult for the surgeons as well as for the anesthesiologists to secure a definitive airway. A cardiopulmonary bypass would be lifesaving in the event of acute cardiorespiratory decompensation. Multidisciplinary collaboration and cooperation between the neurosurgeon, oncosurgeon, cardiothoracic surgeon, and anesthesiologist are imperative to ensure good patient outcomes. Meticulous preoperative evaluation and operative planning are essentially the key factors in anesthetic management. Here we report a successful management of a 49-year-old male patient presented with a large painless mass arising from his right supraclavicular region and compressing the roots of the brachial plexus, trachea, and esophagus and extending up to the apex of the lungs, posted for mini sternotomy and excision of the mass.
Low-Dose Vasopressin and Renal Perfusion in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kumar Alok , Ghotra Gurpinder S. , Raj Sangeeth , Tiwari Nikhil , Ramamurthy HR
Published: July 2023

Background:

Congenital heart surgeries are associated with post-bypass renal and cardiac dysfunctions. The use of low-dose vasopressin has been found to be beneficial in adult cardiac surgeries.

Objective:

To assess the hemodynamic and renal effects of patients undergoing on-pump pediatric cardiac surgery under general anesthesia (GA) with low-dose vasopressin infusion.

Design:

Prospective randomized controlled study.

Setting:

Operation room and ICU, tertiary care teaching hospital.

Patients:

Fifty-five pediatric cardiac patients undergoing repair for congenital heart diseases (CHD).

Interventions:

Low-dose vasopressin infusion in the study group and placebo in the control group.

Measurements and Main Results:

Renal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), serum NGAL, and inflammatory mediators—IL6 and IL8 along with other renal and hemodynamic parameters in the perioperative period were recorded. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and cardiac index were significantly higher in the vasopressin group. Inflammatory markers were significantly high in the immediate postoperative period in all patients which later stabilized in the next 48 h but showed similar trends in both groups. Low-dose vasopressin infusion did not improve either renal perfusion or function. The duration of mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay, the incidence of AKI development, and transfusion requirements were marginally lower in the vasopressin group, although not significant.

Conclusion:

Low-dose vasopressin infusion improved hemodynamics and showed a decreased incidence of complications. However, it failed to show any benefit of renal function and overall outcome in pediatric cardiac surgery.