bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N2O emission and grain yield of rice from organic and conventional farming in the paddy field
Authors: Hermanto F W , Purwanto B H , Maas A , Utami S N H
Published: April 2021

Rice cultivation is a significant contributor to N2O. Organic agriculture, which is entirely dependent on the source of nitrogen from organic matter can become an alternative to mitigate the high N2O emission. This research aimed to observe the N2O emission from the organic and conventional rice fields. Two sites of rice fields were selected for this study, i.e. Sawangan, Magelang and Godean, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Three plots of organic rice field and three plots of conventional rice field were selected as study sites. Gas samples were collected four times during the plant growth, i.e before transplanting, 2 weeks after transplanting, maximum vegetative stages and 2 weeks before harvesting. Godean site shows the emission of 138 µg N2O/m2/hour for organic field and 336 µg N2O/m2/hour for the conventional field. Sawangan site shows the emission of 348 µg N2O/m2/hour for organic field and 444 µg N2O/m2/hour for the conventional field. The results showed organic farming able to reduce the emission of N2O up to 20% on average. Rice growth and grain yield proved that organic rice showed a higher result compared to conventional rice. This study implied that organic rice farming might be promising land management to mitigate N2O emission and produce a higher yield.
Identification of climate change impact at Raknamo Dam, Kupang, Indonesia
Authors: Nait C , Bisri M , Soetopo W , Prayogo T , Limantara L M , Krisnayanti D S
Published: April 2021

Impacts of climate change have received extensive attention, especially for the semi-arid regions. Raknamo reservoir is located at Kupang Regency, a semi-arid area with significant differences in rainy duration (3–4 months) and dry seasons (8–9 months). This preliminary study aimed to identify the recent factors that caused the delays in initial filling of Raknamo reservoir, which may be affected by climate change. There are three rainfall stations observed surrounding Raknamo watershed, namely Camplong, Naibonat and Raknamo. Direct comparisons were made of rainfall data for 33 years (1986-2019) daily. The climatology station Lasiana was used for climatological data with a data length of 33 years (1986-2019). This research used a qualitative approach, runoff was analyzed using regression analysis. The results showed that factors such as temperature (T), potential evapotranspiration (ETo), and rainfall (R) affected the availability of initial filling in the Raknamo reservoir. The amount of rainfall intensity that is not achieved in one period to fill the reservoir has resulted in the Raknamo reservoir utilization not being optimized.
Effect of dose and plant growth regulator application time on agronomic traits and yield components of Lamuru maize
Authors: Sulistiono W , Sugihono C , Karim A A , Wahab A
Published: April 2021

The climate change of dry months for growth and production of corn, demanding the use of growth regulators. Atonic are generally known to increase metabolism and plant growth regulators. However, the optimal application time and dosage according to the location of planting in maize are unknown. This study determines the dosage and optimal time of atonic spray application to increase yield components. The study was conducted in Latosol soil in the dry land of Installation for Research and Assessment of Agricultural Technology (IP2TP) Bacan South Halmahera, North Maluku, from March to July 2019. The study was arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor consists of the dose of atonic spray consisting of 4 levels, namely: 0.25cc/l, 0.50cc/l, 0.75cc/l and 1.00cc/l. The second factor is the atonic spraying time which consists of 3 levels, namely: 28 days after planting (dap), 49 dap, and 77 dap. The results showed that atonic spraying with a dose of 50cc/l at 28 dap produced the highest weight per 1000 corn seeds significantly different from spraying at 49 and 77 dap at various atonic doses. Spraying carried out at age 77 dap requires a higher atonic dose of 1cc/l to produce a weight per 1000 corn and it was correlated with leaf area at 49 dap (r=0.682) and with air temperature in July (r=0.35). High humidity (87.4%) in July was negatively correlated with plant height (r=-0.41) and weight of filled corncob (r=-0.37).
Effects of different composition of brewer grain and rice bran in the concentrate on methane emission of Kacang goat
Authors: Yanti Y , Pamungkas W A , Hermanu F , Putranto S , Widyawati S D , Suprayogi W P S
Published: April 2021

Gases that are trapped in the atmosphere are known as a greenhouse gas and caused the earth warmer. The most abundant greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO2) is methane (CH4). Methane from livestock is mainly from enteric fermentation and manure storage. One of the strategies to mitigates methane emission is by feeding management. This experiment aimed to determine the effect of different compositions of brewer grain and rice bran in the concentrate on methane emission in Kacang goat. Fifteen male Kacang goats (1.5-2 years old and body weight 12.67 ±1.61 kg) were assigned to a completely randomized design. The treatment were T1=48.5% king grass + 9.7% brewer grain + 38.8% rice bran; T2=48.5% king grass + 14.5% brewer grain + 34% rice bran; and T3=48.5% king grass + 19.4% brewer grain + 29.1% rice bran. Mineral mix was added 3% in all treatments. There were no significant differences in all parameters observed. The results of gross energy intake, digestible energy, energy digestibility, and methane energy were 1.0 MJ/kg BW0.75/day, 0.7 MJ/kg BW0.75/day, 67.9%, and 7.88 MJ/100 MJ GEI, respectively. The difference in composition of brewer grain and rice bran in concentrate does not have any adverse effect on methane emission.
Drought resistance of various rice genetic background based on raised bed screening system
Authors: Susanto U , Rohaeni W R
Published: April 2021

Drought is one of the major constraints of rice production in Indonesia. Climate change increases the risk of drought incidences. The evaluation of drought resisting rice genotypes available in Indonesia would hopefully find and enhance such resistance which could be utilized to be further tested in releasing a variety or donor parent within the drought-resistant breeding program. Raised bed system (RBS) is a relatively reliable method to screen drought resistance up to generative growth phase. This research aimed to screen 69 rice genotypes including 26 IRRI accession included in 3000 rice genome sequencing projects, 29 elite lines, 6 old released variety, 6 released variety, and each of susceptible and resistant drought check variety raised bed screening system. The trial was conducted in RBS facility in ICRR from January to May 2017 following a randomized complete block design of two replications. The materials were directly planted in a 10 hill row with planting space of 20 cm x 20 cm. The result showed that HHZ5-SKI-9-3-0Kr-JK-IND and IR64 Dro1 had good leaf drying and rolling and a number of field grain/panicle. IR84636-13-12-2-6-3-3-2-2-B, Inpari 18, and Huanghuazhan had the highest total grains/plant. Some drought-resistant mechanism might be found within the tested genotypes.
Developing in vitro selection methods to high temperature stress in pruacan and cacao
Authors: Ajijah N , Darwati I. , Ibrahim M S D
Published: April 2021

Increasing in the earth’s surface temperature due to global warming threatens the survival of plants in the sub-tropics and in the tropics areas. Looking for plant varieties that can adapt to the threat of global warming impacts is very important at this time. The availability of effective and efficient selection methods are needed to get it. This study aimed to develop an in vitro selection method for resistance to high temperature stress in two tropical plants: Pruacan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) and Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). The in vitro selection methods were developed by testing the embryogenic culture of pruacan and cacao somatic embryos development under various temperature incubations. The two plants showed a different level of tolerance to high-temperature stress. Temperatures of 35 °C for two months did not cause the death of cacao somatic embryos, but the temperature of 32 °C for 2 and 3 months had caused the death of pruacan somatic embryos by 80 and 90%, respectively. The 100% death of cacao somatic embryos occurred at 40 °C and 45 °C on days 16 and 5 of incubation, respectively. The in vitro selection for high-temperature stress in pruacan and cacao plants were at 32 °C and between 40-45 °C respectively. Developing in vitro selection methods in plant species is needed to face the challenges of climate change in the future.
Allometric model to estimate biomass of leave-twigs cajuput (Melaleuca cajuput) at KPH Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyana B , Purwanto R H , Rohman  , Reorita R
Published: April 2021

Estimation of carbon storage in plantations is an alternative strategy to mitigate climate change. The carbon storage estimation model was developed by building a biomass allometric model with specific predictors. Utilization of cajuput plantations is harvesting the leave-twigs, which is different from the utilization of commons plantation forests that emphasize on timber forest products. Therefore, the objective of the research was to develop an allometric model of cajuput leave-twigs biomass. The study was conducted in KPH Yogyakarta on cajuput plants aged 23, 27, 31, 33, 40, 41, and 43 years. 210 samples were used to develop allometric models, and 60 samples were used as model validation materials. Leave-twigs biomass of cajuput (Y) was estimated with the predictors of the canopy height of cajuput (X1), mean quadratic of canopy diameter (X2), and mean quadratic of stem diameter (X3). The results showed that the allometric model of leave-twigs biomass of cajuput was Y = 3,597X1
0.961X2
0.145X3
0.247. The results of the model validation test resulted in R2
adj value of 0.428; the aggregate deviation was 9.76%; the mean deviation was 0.50%; the bias was - 2.16%, and RMSE was 0.47%. The allometric model was less accurate in predicting leave-twigs biomass of cajuput with the predictors of canopy height, canopy diameter, and stem diameter. Furthermore, it is important to build an allometric model of leave-twigs biomass by adding other predictors.
Effect of light intensity on growth, yield and indigo content of Indigofera tinctoria L.
Authors: Budiastuti M T S , Purnomo D , Supriyono  , Pujiasmanto B , Setyaningrum D
Published: April 2021

Synthetic dyes can increase the amount of pollutants that become a serious problem in the environment. The use of synthetic dyes can be replaced with dyes from natural ingredients, namely Indigofera tinctoria. These plants are a source of blue natural dyes because it contains indigo. The content of indigo is very responsive to light. The impact of climate change is a serious threat to the supply of natural dyes. So, judge the suitability of the environment and indigo content under climate change are essential for the sustainable production of natural dyes Indigofera tinctoria. The research aimed to examine the role of light on the growth, yield, and indigo content in Indigofera tinctoria. The study was conducted using a randomized complete design with one factor, namely light intensity with 3 levels namely light intensity 100%, 50%, and 25%, with 9 replications. Light intensity affected the number of leaves, nodes, fresh weight, and indigo content. The highest number of leaves, nodes, and fresh weight were at 100% light intensity, while the highest indigo content was at 25% light intensity. The fresh weight with indigo paste is positively correlated. The higher the fresh weight of the plant, the more paste will be produced. However, the content of indigo was negatively correlated with indigo paste.
Relationship of Fe distribution with rice cultivation system in the Barito River Region
Authors: Mawardi  , Sunarminto B H , Purwanto B H , Sudira P , Gunawan T
Published: April 2021

Swamp is very potential to be developed as an area of rice plants, but there are many obstacles such as pyrite layer (FeS2) and nutrient poor. In addition, Fe toxicity often occurs and gets worse when el nino or climatic changes occur, much of the swamp is dry and so does pyridine oxidation. Various adverse effects of Fe poisoning on rice have been widely reported, but the spatial distribution of Fe tidal land and its relationship with rice cultivation systems in the Barito River region has not been examined, especially on el nino conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between rice cultivation systems with Fe concentration distribution, especially in el nino conditions. This research was conducted in November 2015 to August 2017 using a survey method in the Barito River region, South Kalimantan. Overflow type maps and mud thickness maps are overlaid to create a soil sampling point. Data from field observations of rice cultivation systems in the zone were correlated with Fe concentrations. The results showed that the spatial concentration of Fe affected the rice cultivation system. Fe concentrations of most farmers plant rice without tillage and do not make upper boundaries of rice fields using local varieties. Whereas in locations where Fe concentrations are low the farming system is carried out by tillage and making boundaries between rice fields. In addition, there was also a shift in planting time during el nino conditions.
Projecting and managing hydrological drought in Indonesia
Authors: Primadita B D , Levina  , Ahmad R D
Published: April 2021

Indonesia identifies as climate change hotspots and indicates to have increasing hydrological drought risk. The impact of hydrological drought is easier to analyze because only using river discharge directly affects by rain, which requires a long process and time. The impact of hydrological drought can be minimized using Disaster Risk Management (DRM) cycle. In this study, Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) was used as a quantitative index for the occurrence of hydrological drought and as a reference for phase change in DRM. This study consists of 3 parts: projecting monthly discharge until the year of 2045 using ensemble of seven Global Climate Models; projecting hydrological drought events using SRI; and suggesting six DRM stages for managing its impact. The study took case on Pawan River Basin, West Kalimantan. Kalimantan is predicted to be experienced more extreme dry climate in Indonesia. The potential for drought (Q80) is projected to be more severe in the range of January to July (-4% to -11%) and October (-3% to -5%) on the Pawan River Basin. DRM is divided into six phases: risk assessment, risk prevention, risk mitigation, preparedness for the occurrence, response to disaster and recovery.
Network governance in addressing climate change: a case study of the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) in Indonesia
Authors: Kristanti D , Yudiatmaja W E , Rezeki S R I , Yudithia  , Samnuzulsari T , Suyito  , Safitri D P , Akbar D
Published: April 2021

The Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) is an international institution assisting the Indonesian government to address climate change by incorporating many institutions. Nevertheless, we still lack an understanding of how the network is established in the process of handling climate change between ACCCRN and related agencies in Indonesia. This paper examines network governance during the involvement of ACCCRN in Indonesia. The purpose of the paper is to explore the network established by the ACCCRN in helping the Indonesian government to reduce the impact of climate change. We used a desk study by employing secondary sources to identify the actors, the relationship among the actors, and the outcome of the networks. We suggest that ACCCRN has played a crucial role in reducing the impact of climate change by cooperating with various organisations in Indonesia. In doing so, there are a number of public and non-profit agencies encompassed in the process of collaboration. This study recommends the government to maintain and increase numerous partnerships between international and local institutions in arranging climate change.
Tourism evolution and climate changed in Badung Regency, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Mahagangga G A O , Anom I P , Suryawan I B , Kusuma Negara I M , Wulandari I G A A , Ariwangsa I M B
Published: April 2021

Future changes in tourism pose significant challenges for society and the environment especially for a climate changed. Tourism evolution is a dynamic process for the ability of societies to adapt is determined, in many ways, by the ability to survive and progressing. This article trying to interpret on tourismmorphosis as tourism evolution. Tourismmorphosis is the tourism development process in Badung Regency, Bali in relation to climate changed. Specifically, the tourismmorphosis concept used to understand the tourism development process and how climate change interpreted as a phenomenon of evolution from a social-cultural perspective. Tourismmorphosis has four stages as tourism development begins from the introduction stage, the reaction stage, the institutionalization stage and the compromise stage. Tourismmorphosis are using to analyze the tourism development process in Badung with several cultural, social and environmental problems. The external factor like global capitalism who have their power in the Balinese tourism industry has significant influence being aware of climate changed. Unfortunately, they are not concerned about these issues and climate change only as a discourse but difficult to handle.
The vulnerability of rice distribution in West Java Province, Indonesia: An intelligent analysis
Authors: Munandar A I , Lubis M Z N
Published: April 2021

Climate change affects the food security of a region. One indicator of food security is food accessibility. The accessibility factor that requires attention is food distribution. Rice is the main food commodity in Indonesia. Meanwhile, distribution, prices, and supply raise common problems for rice commodities in West Java. This study aims to analyze the vulnerability of rice distribution in West Java using Intelligent Analysis. The method employed in the research is the Intelligence Analysis that covers threats and vulnerability. Further, we also conducted expert interviews. The results showed that threat analysis is at a high level, as well as the vulnerability analysis. Several viable options to anticipate the vulnerability are by streamlining relations with business operators and building a system that is integrated online upon government parties who have an interest in threats that can address food vulnerability both on a national scale and in West Java Province.
Rice farmers’ adaptation practices to climate change: a case of Konda subdistrict in Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Saediman H , Limi M A , Indarsyih Y , Abdullah S , Yusria W O
Published: April 2021

Climate change can have an adverse impact on rice farming, so farmers might have to apply adaptation practices to address the impact. This research aimed to determine rice farmers’ adaptation practices in response to their perceived changes in climate. The study was conducted in Cialam Jaya Village, Konda Sub-district, South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi. Data were collected using questionnaire-based interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Respondents consisted of sixty-seven rice farmers who were selected using simple random sampling method. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and information. Study results showed that most of the farmers had implemented adaptation practices as a response to climate change. Farmers have implemented adaptation methods in planting date, rice planting, improved seed varieties, fertilizer application, water management, crop diversification, livestock raising, and off-farm activities. The study recommended that suitable adaptation strategies need to be identified and the new ones need to be developed, and farmers should be assisted in their implementation to improve rice farming’s productivity and competitiveness.
Village forest management for mitigation of climate change and contribution to community social-economic resilience
Authors: Tarigan A P P , Karuniasa M , Saleh C A A
Published: April 2021

Indonesia has the potential of forest resources with an area of 120.7 million hectares. The government has established various forest area management mechanisms to create livelihoods, environmental services, and climate change mitigation efforts. This study aims to determine the contribution of village forests to the creation of livelihoods for the community through physical observation, social observation, and in-depth interviews. The Village Forest in the study location has advantages because it consists of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, so the biodiversity richness is very high. The strength of the village forest system is that it can be managed by local communities as a source of livelihood for 59.9% of respondents, but it is not yet optimal in its management as a source of income with the majority of respondents earning less than one million rupiahs (70% of respondents). Although, the majority of the 148 respondents (37.4%) are considered that the forest areas contributed to new types of work as a source of income. The potential for exploitation and degradation of forest areas needs to be considered because of the high frequency of people entering forest areas and opening access. The existence of village forests in the region directly or indirectly contributes to efforts to mitigate global climate change. It can be conserved and protected as a carbon pool and a carbon sink. The existence of various types of new jobs and potential economic opportunities from this can reduce the rate of forest conversion and exploitation by the community which is generally done to earn income.
Introduction of components of rice varieties technology in waterlogged land in Kendal Central Java
Authors: Setiapermas M N , Minarsih S
Published: April 2021

Climate change can cause sea level rise and the expansion of rice fields affected by intrusion or seawater runoff. This problem is the adaptation of rice varieties that are tolerant of fresh or sea waterlogged in the farmers’ land. The location of the activities was in Brangsong Sub-Regency, Kendal Regency, Central Java, in 2018. A split-plot factorial experiment was designed with 3 factors, variety of paddy, ameliorants, waterlogged height. This study’s data analysis techniques are analysis of variance followed by standard real difference analysis and descriptive analysis. The observations of ubinan (rice harvesting tool) showed that Inpari 30 had the highest harvested dry grain productivity of 10 tons/ha in humic acid treatment in a 5 cm puddle. Meanwhile, the recommended varieties of Inpari 34 and Inpari 35 did not produce high productivity due to the easily collapsed cropping. Inpari 34 has a high percentage of filled grain, namely 90%.
Reduce marine debris policy in Indonesia
Authors: Sari D A A , Suryanto  , Sudarwanto A S , Nugraha S , Utomowati R
Published: April 2021

The massive use of plastic, from the production process to the disposal, will release a lot of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, which will exacerbate climate change. The large amount of plastic waste that can not be decomposed and eventually carried away into the sea is estimated to cause more plastic than fish in the ocean in 2050. Indonesia is the second-largest country in the production of marine plastic debris in the world after China. It occurs because of a misleading in waste management while still on land. Plastic debris in the marine will adversely affect the ecosystem in the sea and also the coastal. The reduction of marine debris will not run optimally if it is not supported by active involvement from the government, producers, and the community. This research was normative research based on primary and secondary legal materials. This study aimed to review the implementation of policies based on action plans to reduce marine debris. The result showed that with the baseline marine debris policy at 0.49 - 0.86 million tonnes/year, it required acceleration efforts from the government, producers, and the community to reduce marine debris by 70% by 2025.
Detection of Rail Geometry Irregularities Using Point Cloud Data from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (Study Case: Curve No. 106, Railroad between Cipatat-Tagogapu, Indonesia)
Authors: Jessy Kartini G A , Utama Putra A H P , Nugroho Hary
Published: April 2021

Geometry railroad irregularities can disrupt safety of the train that passes through it and the comfort of train users. In geometric inspection of rail, it requires reliable accuracy from survey data. Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) offers the advantage of obtaining accurate measurements of objects or 3D model. This study aims to examine irregularities of widening gauge and cant rail in curve no. 106, railroad between Station Cipatat – Station Tagogapu based on Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 60 of 2012. The 3D rail model from the point cloud TLS can be used to extract changes of the gauge and height differences with the help of cross- sections. Extraction of gauge and height differences is carried out per 1 meter and given numbering. The results of both gauge and height differences are adjusted to the type of track from the results of the design of the curve, then compared with the value of the standard widening gauge and cant based on the Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 60 of 2012. The result extraction of the rail gauge in curve no. 106, shows the highest irregularities of widening gauge on the gauge number 24 with deviation value +0,017 m. The results of obtaining height differences rail extraction at curve no. 106, shows the highest irregularities of rail cant on the height differences number 15 and 16 with deviation value +0,022 m.
Evaluation of shoreline change using multitemporal satellite images
Authors: Khomsin  , Pratomo D G , Pramudya F A
Published: April 2021

Coastal areas are vulnerable to change because, in this region, many human activities and natural influences change. These activities can result in changes in the existing coastline. Moreover, the city of Surabaya has a reasonably long coastline. This study calculated the speed of shoreline change using remote sensing technology of SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 high- resolution satellite imagery from 2015 to 2019. Calculation of shoreline change speed is assisted by the application of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) using several methods, namely Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR), and Linear Regression Rate (LRR). Based on data processing and analysis, the longest coastline of Surabaya City was found in 2015 with a length of 69.605 km, and the shortest coastline was in 2019 with a length of 65.759 km. The maximum speed of Surabaya shoreline changes can be identified by using the SCE method (956.590 m), the NSM method (+584.722 m), the EPR (+148.725 m per year), and the LRR (+154.386 m per year). Also, an analysis of land area changes during the 20152019 period resulted in the Kalisari Village experiencing the most significant accretion of 358073.62 m2, while in Keputih Village abrasion of 30189.72 m2.
Surface Deformation Detection due to Mud Volcanoes Manifestation in East Java Basin Area using Permanent Scatterer InSAR
Authors: Syahputri B E A , Anjasmara I M , Widodo A
Published: April 2021

The manifestation of mud volcano changes the Earth’s surface and can affect the objects above it. This research presents Permanent Scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR) results for the analysis pattern and deformation value of the land surface due to the manifestation of mud volcanoes. This research was carried out in the mud volcanoes manifestation in East Java Province (at East Java Basin’s coverage). Time-series data processing uses the SAR Image on Sentinel 1A. The PS-InSAR technique produces PSC to get deformation value based on coherence with a ± 4.5 km radius from the manifestation of mud volcanoes. The result showed that from 2015 to 2019, Lumpur Sidoarjo has a velocity rate with an average of -5.46 mm/yr, Mud Volcano in Gununganyar has a velocity rate with an average of +1.71 and -7.08 mm/yr, Mud Volcano in Kalanganyar has a velocity rate of +0.99 mm/yr, Mud Volcano in Wringinanom has a velocity rate with an average of +3.36 mm/yr, and Bujhel Tasek Mud Volcano has velocity rate with an average of +2.88 mm/yr. The surface deformation’s values and patterns on each mud volcano vary according to the morphology, geological conditions, and environmental condition around it.
Land Subsidence Monitoring in Cepu Block Area Using PS-Insar Technique
Authors: Mu’amalah Arifatul , Anjasmara Ira Mutiara , Taufik Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Land subsidence can be caused by many factors, from natural through anthropogenic processes. Land subsidence due to anthropogenic factors results from such as fluid withdrawal, like oil and gas extraction. Cepu block is one of the oil and gas extraction areas that become Indonesia’s largest oil producer. This paper employs the Permanent Scatterers Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) with C-Band Sentinel-1A imagery data to monitor the land subsidence phenomena. The PS-InSAR method is chosen because it can measure small movements in an area over time with millimeters DEM accuracy. The processing result showed deformation in the form of land subsidence in almost all of the blocks, except for Block D, with the mean velocity ranging from -27,75 to -9,78 mm/yr. An uplift phenomenon is also achieved in the eastern part of Block E. These PS-InSAR results are in the form of Line Of Sight (LOS). This paper correlates the land subsidence with geological maps to better understand the phenomena’ causes.
APPLICATION METHOD OF DIGITAL CLASSIFICATION TO MAKE LAND RESOURCES MAP
Authors: Hariyanto Teguh , Wijayanti Regita Faridatunisa , Pribadi Cherie Bhekti
Published: April 2021

The Lumajang Urban Area (BWP) is the center of government and the economy in Lumajang Regency. The growth and development of cities in BWP Lumajang every year results in significant land changes. Thus, a map of land resources in Lumajang BWP is needed to determine the level of land use in the area. This research was conducted to make the Lumajang BWP Land Resource Map of Lumajang Regency using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This study uses data processing methods with Object-Based Classification (OBIA). The data used for this study are the results of the Pleiades 1-A High-Resolution Satellite Image (CSRT) segmentation in 2016. The data used as an initial reserve (asset) is the 2009 RBI map. The data used for resource utilization (liability) is the result segmentation of Pleiades 1-A HighResolution Satellite Imagery (CSRT) in 2016. In processing OBIA using scale, shape, and compactness parameters. In this study, it can be seen that the scale parameters have the greatest role in the formation of OBIA segmentation. The smaller the scale value is given results in more accurate segmentation. The results of this study are that at a higher level of accuracy is the method of image segmentation method of 89,041% and the land cover that has the largest decrease in area is irrigated rice fields and the largest increase is a plantation.
Geoid of South East Sulawesi from airborne gravity using Hotine approach
Authors: Sabri L M , Sudarsono Bambang , Pahlevi Arisauna
Published: April 2021

In the past, geoid was computed from gravity anomaly data using Stokes or Molodensky approaches. Obtaining gravity anomaly data is difficult because it needs some reductions of gravity from surface of the earth to the geoid using orthometric height from spirit level measurement. In the modern era, gravity anomaly data may be replaced by gravity disturbance data. It only required gravity and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) measurement. This research aimed to determine geoid using Hotine’s approach. Disturbance data were generated from archived free air anomaly of airborne gravimetry in Sulawesi area. South East Sulawesi province was selected as a case study area. In this study, gravity observation was calculated at an altitude of 4000 m above the reference ellipsoid. Gravity estimation at the same height aims to increase the precision of the downward continuation process to the geoid. Hotine integral is calculated above the geoid, so that the gravity disturbance data is downwarded to the geoid. The geoid undulation is graded from north to south. Geoid from airborne gravity around Pegunugan Mekongga in the northern part of Southeast Sulawesi Province has the largest geoid undulation which reaches 63 m, while the geoid in the southern part of Buton Island reaches 52 m. Geoid validation of airborne gravity at 13 test points produces a standard deviation of ± 0.050 m. The standard deviation is much smaller than the results of geoid testing from airborne data in North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi. This fact indicates that the Hotine approach has the potential to produce a precise geoid if used in geoid-based airborne gravity calculations.
Remote sensing of droplet number concentration of aerosol-induced clouds during the 2019 fire event in Borneo, Indonesia
Authors: Krisna T C , Hayati N , Hariyanto T
Published: April 2021

The droplet number concentration of liquid water clouds N is estimated based on the optical thickness τ and particle effective radius reff retrieved from the measurements of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard of Terra satellite. Two measurements of MODIS taken from 15 June 2019 (case A) and 15 September 2019 (case B) are analyzed. They represent a condition before and during the 2019 fire event in Borneo, Indonesia. The result shows, that the domains of τ and reff are comparable for the two cases. While there is no sign of systematic bias in case of τ, the analysis of r eff tells differently. Clouds with smaller droplets, less than 12 µ m, are more prominent in case B, indicating the present of aerosol-induced clouds. In case A, the frequency distributions of clouds with larger droplets, more than 12 µ m, are systematically higher. The magnitudes of N in case A are mostly less than 100 cm-3, which exhibit a background condition. Extreme magnitudes of N, from 200 to 800 cm −3, are found in case B. Those excessive numbers are attributed to the region where the aerosol-induced clouds are observed.
Advisability Analysis of Gold Exploration Based on Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (Case Study: Banyuwangi Regency)
Authors: Pribadi C B , Hariyanto T , Hadi Z N G
Published: April 2021

Economically, gold is a mining material that is widely enjoyed by the community and used as jeweleries, cosmetics, currency blends, and investment media. Banyuwangi Regency is one of the regions in Indonesia which has potential of gold resources by proving that there are several gold mining companies that have been managed since 2004. It is designated as a Metal Mineral Mining Area and a State Reserved Area by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources. This study aims to analyze and identify the advisability of gold exploration activities in Banyuwangi Regency. The method used in this study uses scoring and weighting method and combines using overlay method on land cover data and the potential gold mineral distribution data. The results of this study are in form of regional distribution which has the advisability of gold exploration and in accordance with the Mining Area Map by the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources. Areas worthy of being explored in gold and in accordance with maps of mining areas are scattered in the Districts of Pesanggaran, Siliragung, Glenmore, and Kalibaru. The area which has the largest area of exploration advisability results is in Pesanggaran subdistrict, which is an area of 44,894 hectares.
Identification of a wharf wall condition using an Oblique Side Scan Sonar approach
Authors: Santoso I A , Pratomo D G , Khomsin
Published: April 2021

Port of Tanjung Perak has several terminals, one of which is Nilam Terminal. Nilam Terminal itself is a Multipurpose Terminal and one of the terminals with the highest loading and unloading activities at Port of Tanjung Perak. With the high level of activities occurring at the Nilam Terminal, monitoring and maintenance of the wharf wall conditions are needed, so that the ongoing activities can run smoothly. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the condition of the wharf walls with acoustic imaging using the Oblique Side Scan Sonar approach and provide an overview of the condition of the Nilam Terminal. To produce a picture of the wharf wall with an acoustic image requires Side Scan Sonar data, where during installation, the tool is turned 90 so that it faces the wharf wall. In this study, three types of corrections were made, which are Altitude Correction, Slant Range Correction, and Time-Varying Gain. In order to validate the Side Scan Sonar results, use digital cameras to increase the credibility of interpretation results. The length of the wharf wall surveyed is 268.62 meters with a total area of 3223.44 m². In that area there are three locations that are interpreted as holes in the wharf wall. The position of the first hole at the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinates 49S A Zone is at (690268.97 m; 9203336.09 m) with an area of 2.07 m², the position of the second hole is at (690224.71 m; 9203404.98 m ) with an area of 1.91 m², and for the position of the third hole is (690208.15 m; 9203438.66 m) with an area of 1.21 m².
Comparative Analysis of Low-Cost GNSS OEM Board K706 AND BX316 (Case Study: Bulusidokare Village Sidoarjo Regency)
Authors: Cahyadi M N , Handoko E Y , Mardiyanto R , Anjasmara I M , Khomsin  , Maulida P , Ubaidillah M R , Putra M E
Published: April 2021

Innovations in GNSS technology have been increased rapidly with significant development in geodetic and navigation types due to its low-cost. One of the advantages of low-cost GNSS is in its price tags, which varies from the geodetic type. This study determines GNSS Tersus BX316 and Comnav K706 Oem Board’s equivalent abilities compared to Stonex S800 GNSS geodetic. The post-processing and precise point positioning were used to determine the activities of RTK. In conclusion, the data obtained by BX316 are closer to those from Stonex S800.
Implementation Of Land Administration For Aquaculture Management (Case Study: South Coastal Of Sumenep Regency)
Authors: Budisusanto Yanto , Imamah Nurul
Published: April 2021

Sumenep Regency has a large area of water with enormous fisheries and marine potential. These conditions make the coastal area of Sumenep Regency very potential to be used as aquaculture business land. Aquaculture is a human activity or effort to increase aquatic productivity through aquaculture activities. However, the management of this pond business did not optimal. Many fishpond businesses were running even though they had not yet received permission from the relevant agencies. Therefore, an orderly administration of land is required to resolve these problems. In this research, an inventory of licensed and unlicensed aquaculture businesses, an analysis of the status of the business area and its suitability for the RTRW document, as well as calculation of fees and contributions to the realization of local revenue was carried out. The analysis conducted in this study used the overlay method. The results show that there were 101 unlicensed aquaculture ponds and 6 licensed aquaculture ponds. The results of the calculation of levies from 101 unlicensed ponds in the amount of Rp. 166,082,500.00, included in the fairly good criteria of 36.9%. While permitted farm levies in the amount of Rp. 55,871,000.00 included in the less contribution criteria of 12.4%. The suitability of the unlicensed pond business with the RTRW documents obtained 83.46 Ha was suitable and 106.3 Ha was not suitable and the licensed ponds are 17.2 Ha was suitable while 38.6 Ha was not suitable. The results of this research can be used as an evaluation for granting business licenses and RTRW document enforcement in the field.
Analysis of Geometric Accuracy of Pleiades Satellite Images for Base Map RDTR (Case Study: Mojosari Sub-District, Mojokerto District)
Authors: Sukojo B M , Maffufah A
Published: April 2021

Mojosari Sub-district based on Local Government Regulation of Mojokerto District Number 9 Year 2012, concern of Spatial Planning for Mojokerto District 2012-2032 was proposed as the central government and service area of Mojokerto District. With the submission, Mojosari Subdistrict must have a good regional spatial use planning in the form of an Base Map RDTR with high accuracy. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze of horizontal accuracy of the pleiades satellite image, so that it can be used for making base map RDTR with a scale of 1: 5000. To produce a high-accuracy base map, the Pleiades satellite image must be processed and corrected geometrically in order to obtain an accurate image accuracy. In this study, geometric correction uses the Rational Polynomial Coefficient (RPC) method. Secondary data needed in this research are 12 points of GCP and 16 points of ICP which are measured using GPS Geodetic method, and administrative boundaries of Mojosari District. The strength of Figure obtained by the GCP points desaign is 0.546. From the results of the rectification process, the RMS Error value is 0.1 meters. To test the results of the rectification, the accuracy test was carried out using ICP with a horizontal accuracy of 1.5175 x RMSE. The accuracy test obtained a result of 0.095 meters. From the results of the horizontal accuracy of the Pleiades 1B satellite imagery, it has met the requirements to be used as an RDTR base map with a scale of 1: 5000 and class 1.
Flexural Behaviour of Light Weight Reinforced Concrete made with Agro Industrial Waste
Authors: Jagarapu Durga Chaitanya Kumar , Eluru Arunakanthi
Published: April 2021

In this present research inspection on the flexural performance of reinforced concrete members formed as Industrial waste. In the inspection, Palm Oil Shells (POS) are replacing in coarse aggregates (C.A). In this research, the lightweight concrete (LWC) is attained by substituting the coarse aggregates up to 50 percent employing Palm oil shells (POS). Replacing of C.A with POS in concrete making not individual solve the complexity of disposing of this solid misuse and also helps protect natural resources. To reduce CO2 emissions from the cement industry, the cement is partially replaced with GGBS-ground granulated blast furnace slag and POFA - palm oil fuel ash, and adding 0.5% Glass fibers (G.F) to the volume of the concrete to increase ductility properties. Beams through varying dimensions were fictional and experienced under four-point bending and also Slabs with central load are considered. Data accessible includes deflection characteristics, Ductility Index. The investigation related to flexural actions of fiber-reinforced POS concrete be equivalent to the natural concrete and the new results compare sensibly fine with the Indian code of exercise.
A Review on Electronics Cooling using Nanofluids
Authors: Balaji T , Selvam C , Mohan Lal D
Published: April 2021

Continuous reduction in the size of the electronics for space limitations with higher processing speed generates high heat flux density from the electronics chips during its operational mode. However, this increased heat flux density causes a major problem for the electronics and leads to the failure of the components if not removed properly. This paper investigates the various cooling techniques especially the liquid cooling system operated with nanofluids-a special kind of fluid with the dispersion of nanometre sized particles. This paper quantifies the various kinds of nanofluids used for electronics cooling along with its thermal performance by targeting on the thermal characteristics such as heat transfer coefficient, thermal resistance, thermal conductance, interface temperature, etc. This paper also quantifies the operation of nanofluids over the various geometries of micro channel heat exchangers that serve as a heat sink for power dissipation from the electronics.
CFD analysis of natural convection heat transfer in a static domestic refrigerator
Authors: Logeshwaran S. , Chandrasekaran P.
Published: April 2021

Refrigerating compartment with and without shelves is designed for analyzing the air flow and temperature distributions by using the Simulation software Ansys work bench 14. Comparing the results of the air and temperature distributions inside the refrigerating compartment with and without shelves. Here shelves considered as obstacles and the refrigerator without freezer compartment is considered as a 2D rectangular enclosure one side is assumed as evaporator wall (cold wall) and other side as Door (warm wall). Inside the refrigerator cabin air flow takes by natural convection. Temperature distributions is observed in the compartment without shelves and with shelves and same is compared. In the natural convection heat transfer happens between the internal walls of the refrigerator and air by radiation, conduction and convection. Air flows downward near the cold wall and moves upward near warm wall due to the density variation. As a result, temperature stratification was observed in the refrigerating compartment. Evaporator wall maintains the colder region and door wall has the higher temperature.
Heating and Cooling Application in Energy Efficient Buildings using Trombe Wall: A Review
Authors: Navakrishnan S. , Sivakumar B. , Senthil R. , Kumar Rajendran Senthil
Published: April 2021

Solar energy-based applications increase in recent days because of renewable energy, pollution free, no fuel cost. For building related application solar energy used for heating and cooling purpose which by Trombe wall medium. Generally, most power consumed inside of every building for HVAC system. Heating and cooling load increases day by day due to climatic change and also increase of emission indirectly. So, the Trombe wall integrated building to reduce energy usage, operational cost and emission. This paper reviews on different Trombe wall methods, experimental and numerical analysis in recent years. The Trombe wall’s seven different thermal storage parameters are analyzed and determine its impact on energy usage, economy, and environment. This review helps to understand the Trombe wall technology and design a building with Trombe wall in an economic way.
Potential of using biomass based activated carbon for carbon dioxide capture
Authors: Maniarasu R. , Rathore Sushil Kumar , Murugan S.
Published: April 2021

There are three major methods used to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) which include post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion method. Post combustion method is a technically and economically possible for CO2capture. Generally, CO2is first separated from a gas stream which contains CO2and then captured. There are three main methods used to separate CO2viz., solvent separation, membrane separation and cryogenic separation. In post combustion, for capturing CO2different techniques such as absorption, adsorption, membrane and cryogenic distillation are used. Adsorption is the most commonly used method for CO2capture. Activated carbon obtained from charcoal is considered as a potential adsorbent material for CO2capture. In this study, potential of using activated carbon obtained from two biomass substances viz., coconut shell and palm shell were examined as the adsorbent materials which would be used to capture CO2. For this purpose, the surface area, porosity, surface morphology and functional groups of the samples of activated carbon chosen for the study were obtained by using Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) respectively. The preparation of biomass based activated carbon, adsorption properties and characterization of adsorbents were studied and the results are presented in this paper.