bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of think-pair-share on senior school students’ performance in mathematics in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Akanmu Morenikeji Alex
Published: April 2021

The performance of Nigerian students in the Senior School Certificate Mathematics Examinations over the years has not been encouraging. Studies have indicated that this is partly due to students’ lack of in-depth knowledge of some selected topics in mathematics. Pieces of evidence abound in literature and WAEC Chief examiner’s reports indicating that students performed poorly in set theory with Venn diagram. Therefore, this study examined the effects of think-pair-share on senior school students’ performance in mathematics in Ilorin, Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to examine: (i) the performance of students’ taught set theory using think-pair-share cooperative instructional strategy; (ii) the difference in the performance of students taught using think-pair-share instructional strategy based on gender and score level; (iii) the influence of think-pair-share instructional strategy on students’ retention in set theory. The researcher employed a quasi-experimental design for the study. The sample consisted of 118 SS II students. The instruments used for the study was Mathematics Performance Test (MPT). The instruments yielded reliability values of 0.78 using Pearson Product Moment Correlation procedure. The data collected were analyzed using independent sample t-test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Findings of the study showed: (i)  a statistically significant difference in the performance of students taught set theory using think-pair-share compared with their counterparts in the control group in favour of think-pair-share group, (ii) no statistically significant difference in the performance of male and female students taught set theory in Mathematics using think-pair-share; (iii) no statistically significant difference in the performance of students taught set theory in Mathematics using think-pair-share based on scoring levels; and (iv) a statistically significant difference in the knowledge retained by students taught set theory in Mathematics using think-pair-share compared with their counterparts in the control group in favour of think-pair-share group. The study concluded that the use of think-pair-share improved students’ performance in Mathematics, gender of a student does not affect his or her performance in Mathematics, and the use of think-pair-share improved the retention ability of the students. It was recommended among others that the use of think-pair-share be encouraged for teaching and learning of Mathematics at all levels of education.
The thermal dehydroxylation of kaolinite using thermogravimetric analysis and Controlled rate thermal analysis
Authors: Mbey Jean Aimé , Ngally Sabouang Cyrill Joël , Makon Thomas Beauregard , Coulibaly Sandotin Lassina , Kong Sakéo
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work was to identify parameters that could influence the conversion of kaolinite into metakaolinite. To this end, the dehydroxylation of four kaolinites, using controlled rate thermal analysis (CRTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), was  investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) were used to confirm the kaolinitic nature of the samples.  Their crystallinity was evaluated using the Hinckley index from the XRD patterns and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for morphological observation of the clay platelets. The thermal analyses of the samples indicate, for all samples, low defects as revealed by the low amount of adsorbed water on the clay surface. The dehydroxylation temperature from both techniques was influenced by the sample crystallinity and particle size. It was observed from both techniques that increase crystallinity resulted in highdehydroxylation temperature. Also, the influence of the clay platelets size on the dehydroxylation temperature, is proposed. All the results indicate that crystallinity and particle size are parameters that could be used to control the temperature for the conversion of kaolinite to metakaolinite.

Keywords: Kaolinite; Crystallinity, Dehydroxylation; Thermal analysis
Subtitling as a Vector for the Promotion of Bilingualism and Patriotism
Authors: Ayonghe Lum Suzanne , Besong Godson Enowmbi
Published: April 2021

This paper is aimed at showing that subtitling can be used to foster bilingualism and patriotism in Cameroon. The objectives are to investigate how deeply rooted the practice of audiovisual translation is in local media outlets, focusing on how it can help in promoting bilingualism; promote the use of subtitling in the Cameroonian audiovisual media landscape; and assess the pivotal role of the audiovisual translator in this sector. A sample of 151 persons was used. Questionnaires were administered to respondents and stakeholders were interviewed in two media houses: Hi TV and CRTV. Hi TV is based in an English-speaking region, and CRTV is a State-owned media house and believed to have the widest audience in the country. Findings revealed that subtitling does not only provide TV viewers with information in their second official language, but also enables them to improve on their reading and writing skills, as well as their bilingualism, among others. Subtitling is not advanced in media houses in Cameroon. Recommendations were made to  improve on the practice of subtitling in media houses in Cameroon. These include increasing the level of subtitled programmes  broadcast on TV stations, raising awareness on the importance of media information access by the hearing impaired; creating an  audiovisual translation unit in each TV broadcasting house and recruiting audiovisual translators; voting of laws to make the subtitling of some, if not, all TV programmes broadcast by Cameroonian TV channels mandatory; educating the public on the importance of subtitling by gradually introducing them to viewers through TV programmes, so that their eyes and mind could progressively get used to watching subtitled material and thus avoid total rejection of the subtitles; and training more audiovisual translators in Cameroon.

Key words: Translation, Bilingualism, Patriotism, Vector, Subtitling
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium Africanum from the Sputum of Butchers in a Municipal Abattoir in
Authors: Agada C.A. , Ijabone I.F. , Igwe D. , Cadmus S.I.B.
Published: April 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) remains a major public health concern due to its high rate of person to person transfer as well as a high level of morbidity and mortality. The risk factors for transmission of zoonotic TB to humans are close physical contact with cattle, consumption of unpasteurised milk and milk products and unhealthy meat processing by butchers are common in developing countries like Nigeria. However, the circulating MTC among the occupationally exposed are unknown therefore the need to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis and to characterize the mycobacterial species in them. A crosssectional study was conducted among butchers, cattle traders and herders in Bodija Municipal Abattoir, Akinyele International Cattle Market and some herds respectively. Using systematic random sampling, 93 sputum samples were collected and analyzed by culture, Mycobacterium Genus Typing as well as Deletion Typing (Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)). Of the 93 sputa collected, two (2.2%) were positive for mycobacteria by culture which were confirmed to be Mycobacterium africanum by molecular characterization. These bacilli were isolated from two butchers; one of which had the habit of eating raw meat and cherish ‘wara’ (a local soft cheese made from milk). The isolation of M. africanum from butchers in this study raises public health concern on the contamination of the meat processed as well as highlights its importance in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Nigeria.
Management of Open-Cervix Pyometra in a Four-Year-Old German Shepherd-Cross Bitch
Authors: Mustapha R.A. , Baba Y. , Lawal M. , Abdurrahman M. , Emmanuel E.G. , Salawudeen M.T. , Ishamsudeen A.D. , Ubah S.A.
Published: April 2021

No Abstract.
The Pathology of Vaccination of Chickens with Varying Doses of Lentogenic LaSota Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus
Authors: Igwe A.O. , Sanda M.E. , Nnsewo U.E.I. , Okonkwo C.J. , Onyebgula O.
Published: April 2021

Recently, it was demonstrated under laboratory conditions that increased doses of LaSota vaccine increased ND antibody response significantly in chickens. In this study, we have used the same model to investigate whether vaccination with increased doses of  lentogenic LaSota strain of Newcastle disease virus are associated with pathological changes in chickens. Four-week-old broiler chickens (n=100) were randomly assigned into four groups of 25 each: ZD, each drenched with phosphate-buffered saline, SD, DD and TD broilers were each drenched with single, double and triple dose of LaSota vaccine, respectively. The chickens were observed for clinical signs and lesions. Serum samples were collected from the chickens in all the groups at weekly intervals post inoculation (PV) and assayed for haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies. The vaccinated broilers showed no morbidity and mortality. Only the bursa of all the vaccinated groups appeared slightly reduced in size on day 10 PV. The histopathological changes were lymphoid  hyperplasia and formation of germinal centres in the spleen and caecal tonsils from days 3 to 6 PV and mild depletion of bursal lymphocytes on day 10 PV. Generally, the integrity of the lymphoid organs was intact. Groups DD and TD antibody titres were  significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the SD on day 21 PV. This suggests that increased doses of LaSota vaccine does not cause  pathologic impairment and may be considered in improving the performance of the vaccine in the control of velogenic ND.

Key words: Newcastle disease, LaSota vaccine, pathology, broiler chickens
Effects of N-Butanol and Aqueous Fractions of Khaya senegalensis, Guiera senegalensis and Tamarindus Indica Leaves Extracts on Eimeria tenella Oocyst Sporulation in Vitro
Authors: Otu M.O. , Lawal I.A. , George B.D. , Abubakar M.S. , Adeyinka I.A. , Abeke F.O. , Sekoni A.A. , Nwagu B.I. , Adejoh-Ubani E.O. , Oluntunmogun A.K. , Umar A.U. , Abdullahi I. , Haruna H.M.
Published: April 2021

The in vitro anti coccidial activities of n-butanol and aqueous fractions of Khaya senegalensis, Gueira senegalensis and Tamarindus indica leaves extracts on Eimeria tenella parasite was studied by observing the effects of the plant extracts on the sporulation of the Eimeria tenella oocysts. Drug resistance and consumer demanding decrease in the use of drugs in animals have generated interest in alternative strategies to control the avian disease one of which is herbal intervention studies. Fresh faecal samples were collected from infected birds and their oocysts load determined. Dilutions of the extracts (100mg, 250mg, 400mg, 550mg, 700mg and 850mg per ml) in distilled water were prepared and placed in separate well labelled petri dishes. 100 oocysts were added to each petri dish and the set up was left at ambient temperature on the laboratory table and monitored twice daily (9.00am and 3.00pm) to observe the sporulation of the oocysts over a 72 hours period. Laboratory sporulation medium (2.5% Potassium dichromate) and Amprolium were used for comparison. The phytochemical result implied that the active ingredients were present mainly in the n-butanol and crude extract  fractions with the nbutanol fraction of the Khaya senegalensis extract containing phenols and flavonoids which have antioxidant effects. The in vitro study showed that the n-butanol fraction of K senegalensis (100mg/ml) and the aqueous fraction of Tamarindus indica (100mg/ml) extracts had similar effects to those obtained using Amprolium which was considered as the standard by inhibiting the sporulation of Eimeria tenella oocysts. It is therefore recommended that more work needs to be done to determine the anti  coccidial activities of these extracts in vivo.

Key words: Eimeria tenella, sporulation, in vitro, extracts
Early advance care planning in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: results of a systematic intervention by a palliative care team in a multidisciplinary management programme – a 4-year cohort study
Authors: Sukockienė Eglė , Iancu-Ferfoglia Ruxandra , Boegli Monique , Lefranc-Barranco Catherine , Truffert André , Héritier-Barras Anne-Chantal , Genton Laurence , Leuchter Igor , Adler Dan , Janssens Jean-Paul , Escher Monica
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION
Although recommended, the implementation of early advance care planning is suboptimal in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Barriers to advance care planning include healthcare professionals’ and patients’ reluctance, and uncertainty about the right time to initiate a discussion.

AIM OF THE STUDY
To determine how often advance care planning was initiated, and the content of the discussion in a first routine palliative care consultation integrated within a multidisciplinary management programme.

METHODS
Between June 2012 and September 2016, a prospective cohort study was conducted in Geneva University Hospitals. Sixty-eight patients were seen every 3 months for a 1-day clinical evaluation in a day care centre.

RESULTS
The patients’ mean ± standard deviation age was 68.6 ± 11.9 years, 50% were women. Four patients were excluded because of dementia. Advance care planning was initiated with 49 (77%) patients in the first palliative care consultation. Interventions most often addressed were cardiopulmonary resuscitation (49%), intubation and tracheostomy (47%) and palliative sedation (36.7%). Assisted suicide was discussed with 16 patients (36.6%). Functional disability was the only factor associated with initiation of advance care planning. Nearly half of the patients wrote advance directives (45%) or designated a healthcare surrogate (41%). Bulbar onset, functional disability and noninvasive ventilation were not associated with the completion of advance directives.

CONCLUSION
Early initiation of advance care planning is feasible in most ALS patients during a routine consultation, and relevant treatment issues can be discussed. All ALS patients should be offered the opportunity to write advance directives as completion was not associated with disease severity. (Registered at clinicaltrials.gov: No. NCT03536962.)
The Eastern Zone of the Przeworsk culture – and what it comprehends
Authors: Andrzejowski Jacek
Published: April 2021

In phase B1, and very prominently – in phase B2 of the Roman Period, tribal groups of the north-eastern territories of the Przeworsk culture displayed a number of characteristic regional elements. These elements are mostly seen in female outfits that become much richer and more varied than elsewhere within the Przeworsk culture territory. The features specific for the Eastern Przeworsk Zone, like e.g., a very high frequency of dress elements made of copper alloys, would be largely the effect of mutual relations of these people with communities of the Wielbark culture from Eastern Pomerania. Though outwardly only ethnographic, this specificity of the material culture may have deeper underlying causes, since starting with phase B1, there is evidence of two basic types of Eastern Przeworsk cemeteries. In both cases, the women’s grave furnishings display general Eastern Przeworsk characteristics. In cemeteries of the first group weapon graves disappear already in early phase B1. These cemeteries fell out of use before the end of phase B2 and reflect the full, or nearly full withdrawal of the ‘Przeworsk’ community from that area. The second group form Przeworsk cemeteries with ‘standard’ weapon graves. From phase B2/C1 on, the Wielbark culture newcomers continued to use many of these cemeteries. Many of them were then continuously used from phase B2/C1 by the Wielbark culture newcomers. It appears that a part of the Przeworsk population from the Eastern Zone probably joined Gothic (Wielbark) tribes then moving south. Recently many brooches recognized traditionally as definitely ethnographic markers of the Przeworsk culture (types Almgren 43 and Almgren 129) have been registered in the western provinces of nowadays Ukraine. However, these finds are already much more numerous than those from the ‘core’ territory of the Przeworsk culture – for the time being, this phenomenon seems to be inexplicable.
A Roman Age Barbarian elite warrior grave from Csengersima
Authors: Istvánovits Eszter , Kulcsár Valéria
Published: April 2021

This is a preliminary publication of a warrior barrow grave with local cremation found in Csengersima (North-Eastern Hungary). From the point of view of the burial rite, it can be – in many regards – connected to certain barrow graves of the Przeworsk culture, and also to the barrow graves of the Early Roman Age found in the Upper Tisza Region (Slovakia and Transcarpathian area of Ukraine). Most of the objects find analogies in the Przeworsk culture. The unique find of the Csengersima grave is a combined chain-scale armour with scales leafed with gold.
New perspectives of studies in the Przeworsk culture in the Lublin region – on the example of the results of interdisciplinary studies of site 5 in Nieszawa Kolonia, Opole Lubelskie district, Lublin voivodship
Authors: Stasiak-Cyran Marta
Published: April 2021

The last twenty years have brought discoveries which provide a large number of sources concerning the archaeology of the Roman Period in the Lublin region. The interdisciplinary studies related to site 5 in Nieszawa Kolonia, Opole Lubelskie district, Lublin region, Poland, have generated a substantial part of these new sources. The multi-aspectual analysis of archaeological and biological sources allowed us to characterize of the economy of the dwellers of the settlement which was constituted by agriculture, animal husbandry and fishing.

The relative chronology of the settlement was established, and the first stage of its functioning was determined as belonging to phase B2, until phase C1a inclusive. The second stage of the utilisation of the settlement is dated to phase C3-D1. Three instances of radiocarbon dating confirm the chronological frame established by relative dating.

The presented analysis of selected archaeological sources from site 5 in Nieszawa Kolonia, especially of ceramic material, seems to confirm the possibility that in the early Roman period, in the Lublin region, especially in its western part, infiltration of Dacian cultural elements into the Przeworsk environment took place.

It is undeniable that the chronology of the settlement in Nieszawa Kolonia extends beyond the established time frame assumed for the functioning of the Przeworsk culture in the Lublin region. It is possible that in the late Roman Period the history of the settlement in question is part of a series of changes that took place in the areas of Barbaricum and Roman provinces. Some of the settlers of northern origin could have returned to the former settlements. The settlement in the mesoregion of the Lesser Poland Gorge of the Vistula is of particular importance for the revision of previous interpretations of the cultural changes taking place in the Lublin region in the Roman Period and in the early Migration Period.
A newly discovered fragment of a Hunnic cauldron from site 59-60, Sanok, Poland
Authors: Okońska-Bulas Magdalena , Bulas Jan , Mazurek Mirosław , Garbacz-Klempka Aldona , Perek-Nowak Małgorzata
Published: April 2021

The article presents a newly discovered fragment of the Hunnic cauldron, unearthed during investment research conducted at site 59-60 in Sanok, Sanok County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship. As a result of conducted excavations, an extensive settlement from the Late Roman Period and the Early Migration Period were discovered. The fragment of the cauldron in one of the most important discoveries from here. Up to date just over 20 specimens of cauldrons or their fragments are known from Central Europe. The presented one is just the second cauldron discovered in the area of Poland. The article contains the results of stylistic, typological and chemical analyzes confirming the interpretation of this find.
Użyteczność, empowerment i praca socjalna
Authors: Maj Janusz
Published: April 2021

Użyteczność pracy socjalnej można uznać za wartość przydatną w realizacji założeń i celów stawianych przed systemem pomocy społecznej w społeczeństwie współczesnym. Z kolei idea empowermentu interpretowana w duchu samostanowienia jednostek i w duchu wrażliwości społecznej nie pozwala zapomnieć o tym, że brak uznania społecznego jest pozbawianiem podmiotowości i samostanowienia jednostek o sobie. W artykule zostały zaznaczone wzajemne powiązania pomiędzy użytecznością i empowermentem na obszarze pracy socjalnej, które mogą przyczyniać się do rozpoznawania kwestii społecznych w ich etycznym wymiarze oraz mogą pomagać w podejmowaniu i rozwiązywaniu problemów socjalnych odnoszących się zarówno do całości systemu pomocy społecznej, jak i do rozwiązywania problemów lokalnych z poszanowaniem wolności indywidualnej jednostek. Dzieje się tak wtedy, gdy użyteczność jest definiowana w duchu przydatności i praktycznego zastosowania powiązanych z działaniem na rzecz dobra dla innych, a idea empowermentu określa, że w pracy socjalnej nie można rezygnować z takiej wartości, jak upodmiotowienie jednostek i grup społecznych w kontekście ich samostanowienia o sobie i usamodzielniania.

Utility, Empowerment and Social Work

Social work utility can be considered a value helpful in achieving principles and objectives set forthe social assistance system in contemporary society. The concept of empowerment, on the other hand, interpreted in a spirit of individuals’ self-determination and social sensitivity, reminds us that lack of social recognition deprives individuals of subjectivity and self-determination. The paper points out interrelations between utility and empowermentin the field of social work, which can contribute to identification of the ethical dimension of social issues and help address and deal with social problems both in the overall context of the entire social assistance system and in local settings with respect for individual freedom. This occurs when utility is defined in a spirit of usefulness and practical application associated with action for the good of others, while the concept of empowerment insists that social work practice should not lose sight of the subjectivity of individuals and social groups in the context of their self-determination and self-direction.
Professional development of teachers through involvement in action Research
Authors: Barbaros Claudia
Published: April 2021

Towards the end of the twentieth century in education appeared three functional concepts, which are based on the participatory approach to research: action research, participatory research, participatory-action research. It seems that these types of research would be of great use to teachers in the classroom. Several educational policy documents stipulate the idea of lifelong learning. Starting with 1996, the European Year of Lifelong Learning, the Lifelong Learning Strategy is formulated, which talks about the need to develop the professional potential of each person and the teaching / learning methods. But professional development is an ongoing process and requires a huge effort from teachers and the whole community. At the same time, teachers are always concerned with finding solutions to overcome students’ learning problems, avoid school failure, reduce functional illiteracy, etc. In this article we propose some suggestions for the development of literacy and research skills in students, which we consider more important in the instructional process. We would like to mention that there is currently an increasing emphasis on transdisciplinary or integrated training. Only through a constructive collaboration with colleagues from all school subjects will we be able to carry out valuable research and change the precarious situation in the direction of obtaining performance. In the 21st century, the teacher appears as an agent of change, which implies that he will be the basic element of educational reforms.

Rozwój zawodowy nauczycieli poprzez zaangażowanie w badania naukowe

Pod koniec XX wieku w edukacji pojawiły się trzy koncepcje funkcjonalne, które opierają się na partycypacyjnym podejściu do badań: badania w działaniu, badania partycypacyjne, badania w działaniu partycypacyjnym. Wydaje się, że tego typu badania byłyby bardzo przydatne w pracy nauczycieli. W artykule przedstawiono kilka sugestii dotyczących rozwoju umiejętności czytania i pisania wśród uczniów w kontekście rozwoju zawodu nauczyciela. W teksie zauważono, iż tylko dzięki konstruktywnej współpracy nauczycieli z kolegami ze szkoły jest się w stanie przeprowadzić wartościowe badania.
Value Orientations of Adolescents and Youth: Review and Current Situation
Authors: Antoci Diana
Published: April 2021

This article reviews a number of theoretical and scientific approaches in respect to specifics of value orientation formation and manifestation in adolescents and youth. The study of value orientations was carried out by review of the scientific positions on describing the process of values formation in ontogenesis, the need of implication in different human activities for development of value orientation in childhood, the impact of the broad range of factors that shape the value orientations, the correlation of values with structural elements of the personality etc. The experimental study initially undertaken in 2015 and repeated in 2019 reflects the specifics of the value orientations dynamics in adolescents and young people within the pre-university and university levels of education system. The content shows up-to-date nature of the research and outlines prospects for further priority in investigative area.

System wartości nastolatków i młodych ludzi: przegląd i obecna sytuacja

W niniejszym artykule dokonano przeglądu szeregu podejść teoretycznych i naukowych w odniesieniu do specyfiki kształtowania i manifestacji systemu wartości wśród nastolatków i młodych ludzi. Badanie orientacji wartości zostało przeprowadzone poprzez przegląd stanowisk naukowych dotyczących opisu procesu kształtowania się wartości w ontogenezie, potrzeby implikacji w różnych działaniach ludzkich dla rozwoju orientacji wartości w dzieciństwie, wpływu szerokiego spektrum czynników kształtujących orientacje wartości, korelacji wartości z elementami strukturalnymi osobowości itp. Eksperymentalne studium, rozpoczęte w 2015 roku i powtórzone w 2019 roku, odzwierciedla specyfikę dynamiki orientacji wartości u nastolatków i młodych ludzi w ramach systemu edukacji przeduczelnianej i uniwersyteckiej. Treść pokazuje aktualny charakter badań i zarysowuje perspektywy dalszych badań w tym obszarze.
Implications of COVID-19 Induced Lockdown on the South African Tourism Industry and Prospects for Recovery
Authors: Dube Kaitano
Published: April 2021

South Africa has one of the largest and most developed tourism markets in Southern Africa. Consequently, the sector's performance, therefore, has implications on the regional tourism market. In the advent of COVID-19, South Africa emerged as one of the global and regional epicentres of coronavirus infections. In March 2020, South Africa was one of the countries that adopted hard lockdown measures to control the pandemic. The consequent sealing off of the country’s ports brought the tourism industry to a sudden halt. This study is aimed at examining the impact and potential reopening strategies that the tourism industry can adopt in South Africa. The study is based on critical document analysis of survey reports from South Africa’s National Department of Tourism, Stats SA, Google Mobility and other authoritative, relevant sources. The study concludes that the pandemic had a devastating impact on various sectors of the tourism economy. The most devastating industries include the aviation, maritime, special events, accommodation and attraction sectors. The sudden halting of the tourism industry threatened conservation efforts and the business viability of many tourism establishments. Consequently, public and private airlines were liquidated or placed under business administration with far-reaching implications for various destinations and travel sectors. The study recommends a well-engineered financial aid package for the region's tourism industry, reduced tourism levies and taxes backed by the adoption of stringent health protocols to help the industry recover and make travel appealing and attractive again. A robust vaccination program must support such efforts.
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS ON TEACHING TURKISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: DENİZ Kemalettin , ÇEKİCİ Yunus Emre
Published: April 2021

Language functions can be defined as humane purpose of language usage and the act occurring from language usage. Teaching a foreign language that aims to prepare the students to form communication in the target language focuses on language functions from 1970s to today. Language funtions that was specifically developed in the scope of teaching English as a foreign language have formed a basis for Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. In the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, it is stated that language functions that are based on real life communicational situations ought to be taught but rather predetermined language structures. Accordingly, an education based on language functions has been adopted in the programmes reformed on teaching Turkish as a foreign language. However, there is no language functions framework that can be used as a source for teaching Turkish as a foreign language, is developed by scientific methods and includes the structure, usage and cultural elements. The purpose of this study is to develop a programme on teaching Turkish as a foreign language, to prepare course material and to prepare a language functions framework that suits cultural elements, structure, functioning and usage of Turkish in order to be used in the assessment and evaluation studies. Literature review and document analysis methods has been used nn the qualitative model and situational patterned study. Subsequent to literature review, oral and written document analysis and expert consultation, “Language Functions Framework for Teaching Turkish As a Foreign Language” has been formed. In the scope of “information inquiry and explanation”, “attides/emotions inquiry and explanation”, “persuasion”, “socialization”, “prevention and retrieval of communication errors” and “structuring the discourse” functions, 46 functions and142 subfunctions has been determined. Keywords: Language functions, teaching functional language, teaching Turkish as a foreign language, Common European Famework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), Language Policy Programme Education Policy Division Education Department Council of Europe.
Trends in the development of Medicine, Biology and Pharmacy
Authors:   International Science Group
Published: April 2021

Collection of scientific articles published is the scientific and practical publication, which contains scientific articles of students, graduate students, Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, research workers and practitioners from Europe and Ukraine. The articles contain the study, reflecting the processes and changes in the structure of modern science.
Technical research and development
Authors:   International Science Group
Published: April 2021

Collection of scientific articles published is the scientific and practical publication, which contains scientific articles of students, graduate students, Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, research workers and practitioners from Europe and Ukraine. The articles contain the study, reflecting the processes and changes in the structure of modern science.
Akıllı Evlerdeki Cihazların Enerji Tüketimine Göre Kaynağının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ER Rezzan Nisa , UĞURLU Bora , BAYRAM Utku
Published: April 2021

Günümüzde elektrik enerjisi kaynaklarını çeşitlendirmek büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bir evin ihtiyaç duyabileceği elektriksel enerjisi iki farklı kaynak tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki, şehir şebekesi, diğeri ise güneş enerjisi ile şarj edilebilen bataryadır. İki enerji kaynağı arasındaki geçişler geliştirilen sistem ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Böylelikle ev ve/veya ofis kullanıcısının enerji maliyetleri düşürülmekte ve aynı zamanda kullanım alışkanlıklarına bağlı olarak gelecekteki enerji ihtiyacına yönelik enerji tahminleri yapılmıştır. Bu tahmin için polinomsal lineer regresyon metoduna başvurulmuştur. Lineer olmayan veri setleri için tahmin sonuçları elde edilmiş olup bu tahmin sonuçlarının doğruluk oranını gözlemlemek için ise regresyon metotlarını değerlendirme metriği olan r square-R2 katsayısı kullanılmıştır. En iyi tahmin sonucu elektriksel enerji için elde edilmiş olup değeri 0.99’dur.
Data Mining For CO2 Emissions Prediction In Italy
Authors: ABUZİR Saleh , ABUZİR Yousef
Published: April 2021

This study is a preliminary evaluation of the situation of CO2 emissions in Italy, reviewing the international and national literature, using global datasets, and using data mining techniques for analysis and prediction. The study used descriptive methods. It focuses on finding the main potential parameters that effect the concentration of CO2 emissions based on energy resources in Italy. SMOreg, Linear Regression, and Simple Linear Regression are used. Based on the analysis, the Liquid Fuel sector has had the highest rate of increase in CO2 emission 56.8%. R. Linear Regression algorithm gives us a better performance of the prediction for the CO2 emissions than the second algorithm Simple Linear Regression. These results are in line with the present condition in Italy due to the Italian National Program on Climate Change which focuses on reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
AMBULANCE SERVICE FOR HOSPITAL SELECTION: OPTIMIZATION WITH DISCRETE-EVENT SIMULATION APPLICATION FOR YOZGAT PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Authors: AYAZ ATALAN Yasemin
Published: April 2021

This study aims to develop a new approach in the ambulance service to refer the patient not to the nearest hospital but to a suitable hospital that responds better to his/her illness. Due to the lack of staff and equipment in a hospital, patients are often very likely to be transferred to another hospital. A case study was performed with a discrete-event simulation method for an improved ambulance service flowchart in this research. The case study was conducted in Yozgat province of Turkey, including two hospitals (city and university), one emergency call center, and six ambulance stations. Each of them has one vehicle. The data used covers the one-year from January 2018 to January 2019. The method developed for this study resulted in a 21.14 % improvement in ambulance service. The most crucial point that was noteworthy among the findings was that referral of the patient to the most appropriate hospital, rather than the nearest hospital, was important in terms of both dispatching time and the life-threatening condition of the patient.
ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR SMALL BUSINESSES DEVELOPMENT DURING PANDEMIC AND ECONOMY DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   Sector of the Institute for Socio- Economic Studies of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Altufeva N.V.
Published: April 2021

In order to develop an organizational and economic mechanism for the development of small businesses in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and the digitalization of the economy, an analysis of the problems of the development of small businesses in Russia was carried out on the basis of a study by the NAFI 2020 Analytical Center. Measures of state support of business in the conditions of digitalization of the economy in the Republic of Bashkortostan are considered. A set of measures and tools for the development and support of small business in the conditions of global challenges is proposed.
ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Ivanov D.V.
Published: April 2021

The construction of time series models based on statistical data is one of the central tasks of modern econometric studies. Numerous economic models based on differential equations are used to explain the patterns of economic growth. The article is devoted to the estimation of parameters of economic growth models based on solutions of homogeneous differential equations with constant coefficients. A comparative analysis of methods for estimating the parameters of autoregression of economic dynamics series with additive interference in the output signal is carried out. The simulation results showed that the full least squares method gives the most accurate estimates. The most commonly used least squares method gives the worst estimates.
CO-CONSUMPTION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Perepelkin V.A.
Published: April 2021

The coronacrisis that hit the world economy affected the entire spectrum of economic activity, including those related to the implementation of sharing relations. As an important part of the latter, joint consumption is forced to change structurally, organizationally, and technologically in order to maintain the same growth dynamics in the new conditions. The purpose of this study was to reveal the content of the transformation of shared consumption under the influence of the coronavirus pandemic and its consequences. The research methodology is formed on the basis of generalization and systematization of conceptual approaches to the study of sharing relations in modern economic activity. The main result of the analysis of the consequences for shared consumption from the coronacrisis in the economy was the identification of the emerging threats and opportunities. In the context of the need to reflect the first and use the second, the ways of adapting existing practices of joint consumption to the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic are summarized.
A Poetic Gaze into Gay Aging
Authors: Oswald Austin
Published: April 2021

The shift toward embracing creativity in qualitative research has opened up new possibilities for researchers who seek to represent themselves and their findings in ways that capture the complexities of human life. This case study on gay aging combined life history interviewing with arts-based techniques to explore how one individual made sense of his sexual orientation at a time when gay men were criminalized and pathologized. Using principles from poetic inquiry, interview data were transformed into a short poem that captures the emotional and affective undertones of gay aging. The findings reveal the utility of poetics as both a process and product that generates deeper understanding about complex social phenomena. The value of arts-based research as relational, embodied, and affective praxis are discussed. This research highlights the need for ongoing training of emerging qualitative researchers in arts-based techniques.
Exploring Informal Caregivers’ Roles in Medical Tourism through Qualitative Data Triangulation
Authors: Whitmore Rebecca , Crooks Valorie , Snyder Jeremy
Published: April 2021

When Canadian medical tourists go abroad, they are often accompanied by friends and family, referred to as caregiver-companions, who provide informal care. These individuals play a role in patient decision-making and are stakeholders in medical tourism, yet little is known about their participation in this consumer health practice. To examine the roles that Canadian caregiver-companions play while accompanying medical tourists abroad, and to identify how multi-perspective qualitative data can augment our understanding of these roles, primary and secondary analysis was undertaken on datasets generated from multiple qualitative studies: semi-structured interviews with medical tourists, caregiver-companions, and international patient coordinators, and a survey with medical tourism facilitators. The findings from the triangulated analysis of these qualitative datasets serve to better understand the multiple, overlapping perspectives of different stakeholders in medical tourism. Results show that medical tourism caregivers act as companions, providing physical and emotional care; navigators, providing logistical assistance; and knowledge brokers, participating in decision-making and information exchange between medical tourists and professionals. Using data triangulation to examine the narratives of multiple stakeholders confirmed, altered, and augmented our knowledge of caregiver-companion roles. The unique perspectives offered by each participant group augment our understanding of caregiver roles and the practice of medical tourism.
A Model for Developing Interdisciplinary Research Theoretical Frameworks
Authors: CohenMiller A. S. , Pate Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Embedded in interdisciplinary research, just as in disciplinary research, are statements of purpose, theoretical frameworks, research questions, reviews of literature, methodology, findings, recommendations, and more However, one of the least understood aspects of interdisciplinary research is the interdisciplinary research (IDR) theoretical framework. This article is intended to serve as a platform for dialogue within and across disciplines about interdisciplinary research and interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks. In addition, it provides a model for developing an IDR theoretical framework through an illustrative example of how an IDR theoretical framework was created and used within a dissertation study. We conclude the article noting critical elements about IDR and IDR theoretical frameworks for students and researchers to consider for enhancing their research.
The Lived Experiences of Chinese International Students Preparing for the University-To-Work Transition: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study
Authors: Lertora Ian , Sullivan Jeffrey
Published: April 2021

Chinese international students have been the largest growing number of international students on U.S. college and university campuses for the last ten years. However, there is minimal research literature that pertains to Chinese international students’ experiences on U.S. campuses and currently no research literature that reflects the entirety of their experience studying in the U.S. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to give a voice to Chinese international students who are preparing for the university-to-work transition to better understand their experiences as international students in the United States, specifically the types of transitional stressors they experienced and how they coped with these stressors. Five major themes and the essence of the participants emerged from the data analysis and are presented, discussed, and implication for campus based mental health professionals are provided.
When Black and White Medicine Turns Gray: Exploring the Interplay and Meaning of Discoursing about Parenting a Child with a Complex Chronic Condition
Authors: Rafferty Katherine , Hutton Kara
Published: April 2021

Parents of children diagnosed with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) face many challenges with managing their child's health. As parents are tasked with competing demands and the constant changes required to provide the best care possible for their child, talk about contradictions regarding their dual, and oftentimes competing, roles and responsibilities as both parent and caregiver is likely to occur. Using relational dialectics theory (Baxter, 2011) as a framework, we conducted a contrapuntal analysis to analyze 35 White, mostly Christian parents’ narratives about their experiences managing their child’s healthcare. Two primary discourses emerged: the centripetal discourse of normal health and the centrifugal discourse of difference. The interplay between these two primary discourses led to a hybrid discourse: difference is our new normal. Within this discourse, parents discussed previous speech encounters where they relied upon the co-construction of a new normal with others who were living or willing to live in their new reality. Our findings emphasize how an assessment of parents’ talk conveys their discourse-dependence with navigating the inevitable uncertainties associated with managing their child’s CCC. In addition, we discuss how parents co-construct their new normal in the face of unique family functioning that is structurally different from societal expectations and social norms about parenting and pediatric health care management.
Using Interviewing in Public Health Research: Experiences of Novice Researchers
Authors: Wood Caroline , Daley-Moore Nancy , Powell Rachel
Published: April 2021

In this article, we provide the experiences of three novice public health researchers conducting studies with several vulnerable populations: women, people with disabilities, and children. We describe all phases of our interview studies including developing data collection guides, planning the interview in an appropriate setting, conducting the interviews, and bringing the interview to a close. Specific components of the interviews that are discussed include establishing rapport and minimizing the power imbalance inherent between interviewer and interviewee, including the added power imbalance that vulnerable populations experience. Issues of maintaining quality and rigor, as well as ethical considerations for working with our specific populations are also discussed.
Producing an LGBT Religious Organizational Identity: The Case of DignityUSA
Authors: Lampe Nik , Cavendish James , Sumerau J.
Published: April 2021

In this exploratory study, we examine the production of an organizational LGBT religious identity utilizing the case of DignityUSA. To this end, we engage in two interconnected analyses. First, we revisit and verify the findings of Loseke and Cavendish (2001) concerning the production of what they called a “Dignified Self,” which LGBT Catholics may use to integrate their religious-sexual-gender identities. Then, we expand on their analyses of DignityUSA in the late 1990’s to outline the ways DignityUSA constructs an organizational identity their members may draw upon to construct the Dignified Self and integrate their sexual/gender and religious identities. In so doing, our analyses speak both to (1) Loseke and Cavendish’s (2001) call to explore whether their findings from three years of newsletters held over time; and (2) calls over the past two decades for LGBT religious studies to expand beyond individual LGBT religious-sexual-gender identity integration to ascertain the construction of the organizational identities LGBT people draw upon to accomplish individual and interpersonal identity integration.