bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Implications of the London Heathrow Airport Expansion for the Landside Freight Industry
Authors: Lee Ryan , Shammut Moayad , Allen Julian , Gao Xing , Yang Tianren , Cao Mengqiu
Published: July 2021

The air cargo industry is hugely important to national economies, trade, and development. Thus far, there has been limited research on the landside freight industry. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to extend the understanding of how alterations in the air cargo industry impact on its landside freight counterpart. It also seeks to explore the potential opportunities and challenges this presents, as well as the measures that can be taken to mitigate unsustainable development for the landside freight industry. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the views of key stakeholders, freight industry experts, and other professionals. Our findings show that, if the airport expansion went ahead, the opportunities would generally outweigh the challenges. Increased freight activities and other positive spinoffs would result in the long-term. Increased freight activities and employment were the prime positive implications. Conversely, increased delays due to congestion was the main negative implication. Measures suggested to mitigate the adverse effects of the London Heathrow Airport (LHR) expansion entailed strengthening of consolidation centre efforts, freight collaboration, intelligent booking systems, use of low-carbon technologies, smart scheduling for revising the timetabling of deliveries, and greater use of rail transport for air cargo. The research highlights novel insights regarding existing freight-related issues from industry and academic experts, and further thoughts in relation to increased cargo activities stemming from the LHR expansion.
End-to-End Delay Bound for VR Services in 6G Terahertz Networks with Heterogeneous Traffic and Different Scheduling Policies
Authors: Picano Benedetta
Published: July 2021

The emerging sixth-generation networks have to provide effective support to a wide plethora of novel disruptive heterogeneous applications. This paper models the probabilistic end-to-end delay bound for the virtual reality services in the presence of heterogeneous traffic flows by resorting to the stochastic network calculus principles and exploiting the martingale envelopes. The paper presents the network performance analysis under the assumption of different scheduling policies, considering both the earliest deadline first and the first-in-first-out queue discipline. Furthermore, differently from previous literature, the probabilistic per-flow bounds have been formulated taking into account a number of traffic flows greater than two, which results in a theoretical analysis that is remarkably more complex than the case in which only two concurrent flows are considered. Finally, the validity of the theoretical bounds have been confirmed by the evident closeness between the analytical predictions and the actual simulation results considering, for the sake of argument, four concurrent traffic flows with heterogeneous quality-of-service constraints. That closeness exhibits the ability of the proposed analysis in fitting the actual behavior of the system, representing a suitable theoretical tool to support resource allocation strategies, without violating service constraints.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of P Microalloyed Fe76Cu0.8Nb2.2B9Si12 Alloys
Authors: Li Jiawei , Ding Qian , Wang Changjiu , He Aina , Dong Yaqiang , Li Deren
Published: July 2021

The development of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys with high saturation magnetization (Bs), excellent magnetic softness and good manufacturability is highly desirable. Here, the effect of substituting 1 at% P for B and Si on the thermal stability, microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe76Cu0.8Nb2.2B9Si12 alloy has been studied in detail. It was found that replacing B with P effectively reduces the coercivity (Hc) of the alloy without deteriorating the Bs and permeability (μ). However, replacing Si with P has little effect on the Hc and Bs, yet significantly reduces the μ. The variation in the magnetic properties can be well understood from the evolution of the microstructure and magnetic anisotropy induced by P microalloying. The Fe76Cu0.8Nb2.2B8Si12P1 alloy with a good processing window, a high Bs of 1.41 T, a great μ of 29,000 at 1 kHz and a low Hc of 0.6 A/m is suitable for high-power electronic devices.
Ore Minerals and Metal Distribution in Tailings of Sediment-Hosted Stratiform Copper Deposits from Poland and Kazakhstan
Authors: Duczmal-Czernikiewicz Agata , Baibatsha Adilkhan , Bekbotayeva Alma , Omarova Gulnara , Baisalova Akmaral
Published: July 2021

This study, carried out in tailings from two sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits in the Lublin-Głogów Copper District in Poland (Kupferschiefer-type deposit) and Zhezkazgan (cupriferous sandstone-type deposit) in Kazakhstan, analysed the mineralogy of copper, zinc, and lead minerals as related to metal accumulation in sediments. Microscopic study in reflected light and SEM–EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope—Energy Dispersive Spectrometer) analysis, as well as chemical diversity in the used INAA (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis), ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma), and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) methods in 35 samples from Kazakhstan and 35 from Poland were examined due to their diversity. In both tailing deposits in Kazakhstan and Poland, heavy fractions were dominated by copper sulphides: chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), bornite (Cu5FeS4). and chalcocite (Cu2S). Moreover, sphalerite, galena, and cerussite have been recognized as a carriers of Zn and Pb. Their geochemistry was dominated by Cu, showing a mean content of 2500 ppm, in both Poland and Kazakhstan. Zinc and lead also occurred, showing a content of approximately 200 ppm and 500 ppm in Poland, and 1500 ppm Zn and 2500 ppm Pb in Kazakhstan, respectively. Grain size analysis indicated that the dominant grain size in both districts corresponded to the silt and fine sands fractions. Copper, zinc and lead sulphides accumulated in fine fractions in tailings from Kazakhstan (in sandstones and quartz grains), and mainly in coarse fractions in Poland (within carbonates, sandstones, and black shales). Mineralogical and geochemical features should be taken into consideration when assessing potential metal sources of technogenic materials.
Biological Performances of Plasmonic Biohybrids Based on Phyto-Silver/Silver Chloride Nanoparticles
Authors: Gorshkova Yulia , Barbinta-Patrascu Marcela-Elisabeta , Bokuchava Gizo , Badea Nicoleta , Ungureanu Camelia , Lazea-Stoyanova Andrada , Răileanu Mina , Bacalum Mihaela , Turchenko Vitaly , Zhigunov Alexander , Juszyńska-Gałązka Ewa
Published: July 2021

Silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgClNPs), with a mean size of 48.2 ± 9.5 nm and a zeta potential value of −31.1 ± 1.9 mV, obtained by the Green Chemistry approach from a mixture of nettle and grape extracts, were used as “building blocks” for the “green” development of plasmonic biohybrids containing biomimetic membranes and chitosan. The mechanism of biohybrid formation was elucidated by optical analyses (UV–vis absorption and emission fluorescence, FTIR, XRD, and SAXS) and microscopic techniques (AFM and SEM). The aforementioned novel materials showed a free radical scavenging capacity of 75% and excellent antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli (IGZ = 45 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (IGZ = 35 mm). The antiproliferative activity of biohybrids was highlighted by a therapeutic index value of 1.30 for HT-29 cancer cells and 1.77 for HepG2 cancer cells. At concentrations below 102.2 µM, these materials are not hemolytic, so they will not be harmful when found in the bloodstream. In conclusion, hybrid systems based on phyto-Ag/AgClNPs, artificial cell membranes, and chitosan can be considered potential adjuvants in liver and colorectal cancer treatment.
Identifying the Association between Surface Heterogeneity and Electrochemical Properties in Graphite
Authors: Kim Jaewon , Yun Alan Jiwan , Sheem Kyeu Yoon , Park Byungwoo
Published: July 2021

Graphite materials for commercial Li-ion batteries usually undergo special treatment to control specific parameters such as particle size, shape, and surface area to have desirable electrochemical properties. Graphite surfaces can be classified into basal and edge planes in the aspect of the structure of carbons, with the existing defect sites such as functional groups and dislocations. The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) mostly forms at the edge plane and defect sites, as Li-ions only intercalate through these non-basal planes, whereas the electrochemical properties of graphite largely depend on its surface heterogeneity due to the difference of reactivity on each plane. In order to quantify the detailed surface structure of graphite materials, local-absorption isotherms were utilized, and the analyzed nanostructural parameters of various commercial graphite samples were correlated with the electrochemical properties of each graphite anode. Thereby, we have confirmed that the fraction of non-basal plane and fast-charging capability has strong linear relations. The pore/non-basal sites are also related to the cycle life by affecting the SEI formation, and the determination of surface heterogeneity and pores of graphite materials can provide powerful parameters that imply the electrochemical performances of commercial graphite.
Highly Efficient and Wide Range Humidity Response of Biocompatible Egg White Thin Film
Authors: Mutee Ur Rehman Hafiz Mohammad , Rehman Muhammad Muqeet , Saqib Muhammad , Ali Khan Shenawar , Khan Maryam , Yang Yunsook , Kim Seongwan , Rahman Sheik Abdur , Kim Woo-Young
Published: July 2021

Biopolymers are a solution to solve the increasing problems caused by the advances and revolution in the electronic industry owing to the use of hazardous chemicals. In this work, we have used egg white (EW) as the low-cost functional layer of a biocompatible humidity sensor and deposited it on gold (Au) interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) patterned through the state-of-the-art fabrication technology of thermal vacuum evaporation. The presence of hydrophilic proteins inside the thin film of EW makes it an attractive candidate for sensing humidity. Usually, the dependence of the percentage of relative humidity (%RH) on the reliability of measurement setup is overlooked for impedimetric humidity sensors but we have used a modified experimental setup to enhance the uniformity of the obtained results. The characteristics of our device include almost linear response with a quick response time (1.2 s) and fast recovery time (1.7 s). High sensitivity of 50 kΩ/%RH was achieved in the desirable detection range of 10–85%RH. The device size was intentionally kept small for its potential integration in a marketable chip. Results for the response of our fabricated sensor for dry and wet fingertips, along with determining the rate of breathing through the mouth, are part of this study, making it a potential device for health monitoring.
Median-to-Ulnar Nerve Communication in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: An Electrophysiological Study
Authors: Di Stefano Vincenzo , Gagliardo Andrea , Barbone Filomena , Vitale Michela , Ferri Laura , Lupica Antonino , Iacono Salvatore , Di Muzio Antonio , Brighina Filippo
Published: July 2021

The median-to-ulnar communicating branch (MUC) is an asymptomatic variant of the upper limb innervation that can lead to interpretation errors in routine nerve conduction studies. The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) or ulnar nerve lesions can be complicated by the presence of MUC. In this study, we describe electrophysiological features of MUC in CTS patients presenting to our clinic. We enrolled MUB cases from consecutive CTS patients referred to our laboratory between the years 2014 and 2019. MUC was present in 53 limbs (36 patients) from the studied population. MUC was bilateral in 53% of patients. MUC type II was the most common subtype (74%), followed by types III and I; more coexisting MUC types were found in the majority of tested limbs. A positive correlation was demonstrated between the severity of CTS and the presence of positive onset, faster CV, or a double component of the compound muscle action potentials. We emphasize the importance of suspecting the presence of MUC in CTS in the presence of a positive onset or a double component in routine motor conduction studies.
Healthcare Management and Quality during the First COVID-19 Wave in a Sample of Spanish Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Torrent-Ramos Patricia , González-Chordá Víctor M. , Mena-Tudela Desirée , Pejó Laura Andreu , Roig-Marti Celia , Valero-Chillerón María Jesús , Cervera-Gasch Águeda
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to assess how the healthcare professionals in the Castellón Province (Spain) perceive healthcare quality and management during the first COVID-19 wave. A cross-sectional study was carried out. An online survey on healthcare quality and management during the first COVID-19 wave was sent to healthcare professionals. Almost half of the sample believed that healthcare quality worsened during the first COVID-19 wave (45.3%; n = 173). Heavier workload (m = 4.08 ± 1.011) and patients’ complexity (m = 3.77 ± 1.086) were the factors that most negatively impacted healthcare quality. Health department 3, primary care center, and other doctors assessed human and material resources management as significantly worse (p < 0.05). Human and material resources management and the healthcare organization negatively affected healthcare quality during the first COVID-19 wave. Significant differences were observed according to departments, services, and professionals.
Oxygen Is Instrumental for Biological Signaling: An Overview
Authors: Hancock John T.
Published: July 2021

Control of cellular function is extremely complex, being reliant on a wide range of components. Several of these are small oxygen-based molecules. Although reactive compounds containing oxygen are usually harmful to cells when accumulated to relatively high concentrations, they are also instrumental in the control of the activity of a myriad of proteins, and control both the upregulation and downregulation of gene expression. The formation of one oxygen-based molecule, such as the superoxide anion, can lead to a cascade of downstream generation of others, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical (∙OH), each with their own reactivity and effect. Nitrogen-based signaling molecules also contain oxygen, and include nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite, both instrumental among the suite of cell signaling components. These molecules do not act alone, but form part of a complex interplay of reactions, including with several sulfur-based compounds, such as glutathione and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Overaccumulation of oxygen-based reactive compounds may alter the redox status of the cell and lead to programmed cell death, in processes referred to as oxidative stress, or nitrosative stress (for nitrogen-based molecules). Here, an overview of the main oxygen-based molecules involved, and the ramifications of their production, is given.
Delivery of Bioactive Gene Particles via Gelatin-Collagen-PEG-Based Electrospun Matrices
Authors: Tsekoura Eleni K. , Dick Teo , Pankongadisak Porntipa , Graf Daniel , Boluk Yaman , Uludağ Hasan
Published: July 2021

The fabrication of fiber mats via electrospinning has been adopted in the last decades to produce high quality scaffolds for tissue engineering. However, an effective combination of electrospinning methods with gene delivery therapies remains a challenge. In this study, we describe how the delivery of gene complexes via electrospun mats that contain different volumes of gelatin (Gel), collagen (Col), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) can affect gene expression by transfected cells. Non-viral complexes were formulated by using lipid modified polyethylenimine (PEI) polymer and plasmid DNAs (pDNA) like the reporter Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and the therapeutically relevant Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) and electrospuned after being mixed with different volumes of Gel-Col-PEG mats and delivered to human myoblast (C2C12) and mouse osteoblast cells (MC3T3). The entrapment of GFP complexes via different homogeneous electrospun fiber mats revealed that a high fraction of collagen in the mats affected the quality of the fibers and led to reduced transfection efficiency on target cells. On the other hand, the fabrication of double-layered mats that contained collagen without complexes as a first layer and gelatin-collagen-PEG with complexes as a second layer successfully induced GFP expression and ALP activity in C2C12 cells. We conclude that this study has established the advantage of formulating multilayered bioactive collagen-based mats for gene delivery applications.
Discoloration of Historical Plastic Objects: New Insight into the Degradation of β-Naphthol Pigment Lakes
Authors: Micheluz Anna , Angelin Eva Mariasole , Lopes João Almeida , Melo Maria João , Pamplona Marisa
Published: July 2021

Light is a determining factor in the discoloration of plastics, and photodegradation processes can affect the molecular structures of both the polymer and colorants. Limited studies focused on the discoloration of heritage plastics in conservation science. This work investigated the discoloration of red historical polyethylene (PE) objects colored with PR 48:2 and PR 53:1. High-density and low-density PE reference polymers, neat pigment powders, and historical samples were assessed before and after accelerated photoaging. The applied methodology provided insight into the individual light-susceptibility of polyethylenes, organic pigment lakes, and their combined effect in the photoaging of historical plastic formulations. After light exposure, both PE references and historical samples yellowed, PR53:1 faded, and PR 48:2 darkened; however, both organic pigments faded severely in the historical samples. This highlights the role played by the plastic binder likely facilitating the pigment photofading. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques—EGA-MS, PY-GC/MS, and TD-GC/MS—were successfully employed for characterizing the plastic formulations and degradation. The identification of phthalic compounds in both aged β-naphthol powders opens new venues for studies on their degradation. This work’s approach and analytical methods in studying the discoloration of historical plastics are novel, proving their efficacy, reliability, and potentiality.
Thermophysical Properties of Larch Bark Composite Panels
Authors: Kristak Lubos , Ruziak Ivan , Tudor Eugenia Mariana , Barbu Marius Cătălin , Kain Günther , Reh Roman
Published: July 2021

The effects of using 100% larch bark (Larix decidua Mill) as a raw material for composite boards on the thermophysical properties of this innovative material were investigated in this study. Panels made of larch bark with 4–11 mm and 10–30 mm particle size, with ground bark oriented parallel and perpendicular to the panel’s plane at densities varying from 350 to 700 kg/m3 and bonded with urea-formaldehyde adhesive were analyzed for thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity and specific heat capacity. It was determined that there was a highly significant influence of bulk density on the thermal conductivity of all the panels. With an increase in the particle size, both parallel and perpendicular to the panel´s plane direction, the thermal conductivity also increased. The decrease of thermal diffusivity was a consequence of the increasing particle size, mostly in the parallel orientation of the bark particles due to the different pore structures. The specific heat capacity is not statistically significantly dependent on the density, particle size, glue amount and particle orientation.
Application of Antioxidants as an Alternative Improving of Shelf Life in Foods
Authors: Leyva-Porras César , Román-Aguirre Manuel , Cruz-Alcantar Pedro , Pérez-Urizar José T. , Saavedra-Leos María Zenaida
Published: July 2021

Oxidation is the main problem in preserving food products during storage. A relatively novel strategy is the use of antioxidant-enriched edible films. Antioxidants hinder reactive oxygen species, which mainly affect fats and proteins in food. At present, these films have been improved by the addition of micro- and nanoliposomes coated with carbohydrate polymers, which are not hazardous for human health and can be ingested without risk. The liposomes are loaded with different antioxidants, and their effects are observed as a longer storage time of the food product. The synergy of these methodologies and advances can lead to the displacement of the protective packaging used currently, which would result in food products with functional properties added by the films, an increase in shelf life, and an improvement to the environment by reducing the amount of waste.
Technological Advancement for Efficiency Enhancement of Biodiesel and Residual Glycerol Refining: A Mini Review
Authors: Jariah Nurhani Fatihah , Hassan Mohd Ali , Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin , Roslan Ahmad Muhaimin
Published: July 2021

Biodiesel or known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), is a diesel fuel substitute derived from the transesterification reaction of triglycerides with alcohol in the presence of suitable catalyst. The demand for biodiesel is increasing due to environmental and health awareness, as well as diminishing energy security. However, the presence of impurities in biodiesel will affect engine performance by corroding fuel tubes and damaging the injectors. Common methods for the purification of biodiesel include water washing, dry washing and membrane separation. This mini review compares the technological advancement for efficient enhancement of biodiesel and glycerol refining between wet washing, dry washing (activated compound, biomass-based adsorbents and silica-based adsorbents), ion exchange and membrane separation technology. The percentage of glycerol residues, soap, alcohol and catalyst from crude biodiesel was compared to reflect the resulting biodiesel purity variation. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were also discussed.
Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) Using Ionic Solvents
Authors: Arrachart Guilhem , Couturier Julien , Dourdain Sandrine , Levard Clément , Pellet-Rostaing Stéphane
Published: July 2021

Rare earth elements (REEs) are becoming more and more significant as they play crucial roles in many advanced technologies. Therefore, the development of optimized processes for their recovery, whether from primary resources or from secondary sources, has become necessary, including recovery from mine tailings, recycling of end-of-life products and urban and industrial waste. Ionic solvents, including ionic liquids (ILs) and deep-eutectic solvents (DESs), have attracted much attention since they represent an alternative to conventional processes for metal recovery. These systems are used as reactive agents in leaching and extraction processes. The most significant studies reported in the last decade regarding the recovery of REEs are presented in this review.
Classification of Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Using Night Lights for Evidence of Humans and POI Data for Social Setting
Authors: Zeng Wenjing , Zhong Yongde , Li Dali , Deng Jinyang
Published: July 2021

The recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) has been widely recognized as an effective tool for the inventory and planning of outdoor recreational resources. However, its applications have been primarily focused on forest-dominated settings with few studies being conducted on all land types at a regional scale. The creation of a ROS is based on physical, social, and managerial settings, with the physical setting being measured by three criteria: remoteness, size, and evidence of humans. One challenge to extending the ROS to all land types on a large scale is the difficulty of quantifying the evidence of humans and social settings. Thus, this study, for the first time, developed an innovative approach that used night lights as a proxy for evidence of humans and points of interest (POI) for social settings to generate an automatic ROS for Hunan Province using Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis. The whole province was classified as primitive (2.51%), semi-primitive non-motorized (21.33%), semi-primitive motorized (38.60%), semi-developed natural (30.99%), developed natural (5.61%), and highly developed (0.96%), which was further divided into three subclasses: large-natural (0.63%), small natural (0.27%), and facilities (0.06%). In order to implement the management and utilization of natural recreational resources in Hunan Province at the county (city, district) level, the province’s 122 counties (cities, districts) were categorized into five levels based on the ROS factor dominance calculated at the county and provincial levels. These five levels include key natural recreational counties (cities, districts), general natural recreational counties (cities, districts), rural counties (cities, districts), general metropolitan counties (cities, districts), and key metropolitan counties (cities, districts), with the corresponding numbers being 8, 21, 50, 24, and 19, respectively.
Quantitative Cost-Benefit Analysis of Direct Disposal and Pyroprocessing in Korea’s Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Authors: Kim Sungki , Kim Jinseop , Cho Dongkeun , Bang Sungsig
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to compare the economic viability of direct disposal and pyroprocessing. This is because the selection of an alternative cannot be justified without a guarantee of economic feasibility. This paper sets the KRS (Korea Reference System) spent fuel repository and KAPF+ (Korea Advanced Pyroprocess Facility plus) as the cost objects, administers a cost-benefit analysis, and presents the results on the net cost. The results of the calculation demonstrate that the net costs of direct disposal and pyroprocessing are USD 17,719,319,040 and USD 19,329,252,755, respectively. The difference in the net cost for the two alternatives is thus not insignificant. However, the economic viability of direct disposal was found to be superior compared to that of pyroprocessing. In the end, it was found that the operating and maintenance cost of a pyroprocessing facility is comparatively high. Accordingly, direct disposal costs less than pyroprocessing. The direct disposal option is advantageous in terms of economical nuclear power sustainability.
Comparative Taxonomic Study of Launaea Cass. (Asteraceae, Cichorioideae) in Egypt
Authors: Marzouk Ream I. , El-Darier Salama M. , Kamal Sania A. , Nour Iman H.
Published: July 2021

Launaea is a polymorphic genus with inter- and intraspecific inconsistencies. The study aimed to revise the classification and identification of Launaea species in Egypt. The study also aimed to assess the inter- and intraspecific variation among taxa using macro- and micromorphological characters. Numerical analysis was carried out on 156 specimens, which were collected from 63 sites in Egypt. The results revealed that L. arabica, L. capitata, L. intybacea and L. spinosa were significantly (p-value < 2.2 × 10−16 ***) discriminated from the other species at a high dissimilarity level. Launaea acanthodes was correctly identified as Lactuca orientalis. The study supported the inclusion of L. intybacea, L. massauensis and L. nudicaulis within section Microrhynchus, the separation of L. angustifolia and L. arabica in two distinct species. Two biotypes of L. nudicaulis were morphologically differentiated. Launaea fragilis subsp. fragilis showed considerable plasticity and variability in various characters; therefore, L. tenuiloba was considered to be merely an ecotype of L. fragilis. Launaea mucronata comprises two subspecies; cassiniana and mucronata, differentiated by their pappus type, conspicuous secondary ribs of the inner achenes, and the number of spines on the polar area of pollen grains.
Viroplasms: Assembly and Functions of Rotavirus Replication Factories
Authors: Papa Guido , Borodavka Alexander , Desselberger Ulrich
Published: July 2021

Viroplasms are cytoplasmic, membraneless structures assembled in rotavirus (RV)-infected cells, which are intricately involved in viral replication. Two virus-encoded, non-structural proteins, NSP2 and NSP5, are the main drivers of viroplasm formation. The structures (as far as is known) and functions of these proteins are described. Recent studies using plasmid-only-based reverse genetics have significantly contributed to elucidation of the crucial roles of these proteins in RV replication. Thus, it has been recognized that viroplasms resemble liquid-like protein–RNA condensates that may be formed via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of NSP2 and NSP5 at the early stages of infection. Interactions between the RNA chaperone NSP2 and the multivalent, intrinsically disordered protein NSP5 result in their condensation (protein droplet formation), which plays a central role in viroplasm assembly. These droplets may provide a unique molecular environment for the establishment of inter-molecular contacts between the RV (+)ssRNA transcripts, followed by their assortment and equimolar packaging. Future efforts to improve our understanding of RV replication and genome assortment in viroplasms should focus on their complex molecular composition, which changes dynamically throughout the RV replication cycle, to support distinct stages of virion assembly.
Numerical Representation of Groundwater-Surface Water Exchange and the Effect on Streamflow Contribution Estimates
Authors: Karan Sachin , Jacobsen Martin , Kazmierczak Jolanta , Reyna-Gutiérrez José A. , Breum Thomas , Engesgaard Peter
Published: July 2021

The effects of streams and drainage representation in 3D numerical catchment scale models on estimated streamflow contribution were investigated. MODFLOW-USG was used to represent complex geology and a stream network with two different conceptualizations—one with equal cell discretization in the entire model domain and another with refined cell discretization along stream reaches. Both models were calibrated against a large data set including hydraulic heads and streamflow measurements. Though the optimized hydraulic parameters and statistical performance of both model conceptualizations were comparable, their estimated streamflow contribution differed substantially. In the conceptualization with equal cell discretization, the drainage contribution to the streamflow was 13% compared to 41% in the conceptualization with refined cell discretization. The increase in drainage contribution to streamflow was attributed to the increase in drainage area in proximity to the stream reaches arising from the refined discretization. e.g., the cell refinement along stream reaches reduced the area occupied by stream cells allowing for increased drain area adjacent to the stream reaches. As such, an increase in drainage area equivalent to 7% yielded a 146% increase in drainage contribution to streamflow. In-stream field measurements of groundwater-surface water exchange fluxes that were qualitatively compared to calculated fluxes from the models indicated that estimates from the refined model discretization were more representative. Hence, the results of this study accentuate the importance of being able to represent stream and drain flow contribution correctly, that is, to achieve representative exchange fluxes that are crucial in simulating groundwater–surface water exchange of both flow and solute transport in catchment scale modeling. To that end, the in-stream measurements of exchange fluxes showed the potential to serve as a proxy to numerically estimate drainage contribution that is not readily available at the catchment scale.
Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Oxidation of Recalcitrant Dye Using Green Iron Microparticles
Authors: Kothari Manisha S. , Aly Hassan Ashraf , Shah Kosha A.
Published: July 2021

This study evaluated the effect of the addition of green iron microparticles (Fe-MPs) as a three-dimensional electrode on efficiency of the electrochemical oxidation process. Polyphenols present in green tea extract act as a reducing and capping agent during green synthesis of the Fe-MPs. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicates that the average size of particles is 100 µm, with about ~47 wt % of Fe in oxide form. The addition of Fe-MPs as a third electrode in the conventional electro-oxidation (EO) process converts it into a three-dimensional (3D) catalytic EO process to enhance the decolorization efficiency. Green synthesized Fe-MPs function as several microelectrodes in the process. Adsorption study indicated that only 12% of decolorization is due to adsorption on the Fe-MPs surface. Moreover, improvement in generation of hydroxyl radicals was validated by applying dimethyl sulfoxide as scavenger, and it was observed that generation of hydroxyl radicals decreased with the addition of DMSO. Results showed that decolorization efficiency increased in the 3D EO process with Fe-MPs by about 24% compared to the conventional 2D process without the Fe-MPs dosing, and initial pH as well as the Fe-MPs dose has a significant effect on decolorization efficiency during the 3D process. It is observed that reaction works better at highly acidic pH (2-4), and decolorization efficiency improved with higher doses of Fe-MPs.
Advances in Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment in Marine and Coastal Regions
Authors: Bergamasco Alessandro , Nguyen Hong Quan , Caruso Gabriella , Xing Qianguo , Carol Eleonora
Published: July 2021

Coastal environments include several different habitat typologies, from shorelines to estuaries, and rocky and muddy environments [...]
A case report of an unexpected colonic polyp: cavernous hemangioma
Authors: Mascarenhas Miguel , Morais Rui , Teixeira Regina , Macedo Guilherme
Published: July 2021

Cavernous hemangiomas of the colon are rare, benign vascular lesions, and the site most commonly affected is the rectosigmoid junction. Surgical treatment is recommended for large diffuse lesions but in the presence of pedunculated lesions, endoscopic resection should be preferred if possible. We report a case of a 65-year-old man referred for colonoscopy after positive fecal occult blood, that revealed at the level of the sigmoid colon, a wide base pedunculated polyp (35 mm) occupying more than half of the lumen, with the covering mucosa with a vinous appearance. In order to remove the lesion, a detachable snare was placed and polypectomy was performed. During the procedure, the detachable snare was cut with active bleeding, controlled after clip placement and diluted adrenaline injection. Afterwards, histology revealed a polypoid lesion with a hyperplastic mucosa and submucosal plane expanded by numerous thick-walled vessels in the context of a cavernous colonic hemangioma.
Liderazgo bajo el enfoque de calidad de los estándares ISO 9000
Authors: Vásquez Lema Marcelo Rodrigo , Vázquez Loaiza Juan Pablo
Published: July 2021

Este artículo de revisión tuvo por objetivo describir la evolución de los conceptos de calidad y liderazgo, y su relación en el contexto de las normas ISO 9000. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica de los principales expositores en temas de liderazgo y gestión de calidad, con énfasis en publicaciones de los últimos años. Como resultado se identificó que, con base en la teoría e investigaciones empíricas, las acciones para ejercer liderazgo propuestas por el modelo ISO 9000 influyen positivamente en el éxito de las organizaciones; sin embargo, no existe un consenso sobre los aspectos en los que tiene mayor influencia. Se concluye que, bajo este precepto, determinar qué acciones de liderazgo propuestas por el modelo 9000 son realmente ejercidas por los niveles de dirección y cuál es su grado de afectación en el éxito organizacional, resulta importante para que, quienes adopten este modelo, puedan priorizar aquellas competencias que se deben desarrollar y ejecutar para el logro de objetivos.
Cecilia Grierson y las damas de la Beneficencia oficial en los orígenes del Consejo Nacional de Mujeres de Argentina (1887-1906)
Authors: Vignoli Marcela
Published: July 2021

Luego de participar en la segunda reunión del Consejo Internacional de Mujeres (Londres, 1899) la médica Cecilia Grierson junto con mujeres de trayectoria pública vinculada a la Sociedad de Beneficencia de la Capital Federal, crearon el Consejo Argentino en el que durante la primera década del siglo XX ingresaría un centenar de asociaciones femeninas, con una marcada preponderancia de las filantrópicas, de caridad y religiosas. Es muy conocida la ruptura del Consejo de 1910, que precipita la salida de las universitarias. Sin embargo, es menos conocido el consenso al que llegaron grupos tan diversos en sus orígenes. A partir de considerar los intereses de clase y profesionales que se pusieron en juego, esta investigación se interroga especialmente por el rol que tuvo Grierson en los orígenes de esa creación, los contactos previos con diferentes grupos de mujeres y los vínculos internacionales que le permitieron concretar esta formación. Una vez explorada la creación del Consejo, analizaremos también las primeras inquietudes socio-económicas que las llevaron a ensayar proyectos en materia legislativa, como el de protección a la maternidad y el de incorporación de la economía doméstica en la agenda de la asociación y del Estado argentino.
Static Buckling Analysis of a Quadratic-Cubic Model Structure Using the Phase Plane Method and Method of Asymptotics
Authors: Osuji A. C. , Ette A. M. , Chukwuchekwa J. U.
Published: July 2021

The exact and asymptotic analyses of the buckling of a quadratic-cubic model structure subjected to static loading are discussed. The governing equation is first solved using the phase plane method and next, using the method of asymptotics. In the asymptotic method, we discuss the possibilities of using regular perturbation method in asymptotic expansions of the relevant variables to get an approximate analytical solution to the problem. Finally, the two results are compared using numerical results obtained with the aid of Q-Basic codes. In the two methods discussed in this work, it is clearly seen that the static buckling loads decrease as the imperfection parameters increase. It is also observed that the static buckling loads obtained using the exact method are higher than those obtained using the method of asymptotics.
TRENDS AND CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION NETWORKS USING NON-GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS
Authors: Чечин Г.В.
Published: July 2021

Рассматриваются тенденции и концепции построения спутниковых сетей связи на базе негеостационарных орбитальных группировок. Анализ существующих и перспективных сетей основан на большом количестве показателей эффективности, таких как параметры орбитальных группировок, типы антенн, построение системы информационного обмена (протоколы многостанционного доступа и разделения каналов связи, протоколы маршрутизации и передачи информации по каналам связи), а также стоимость.

The trends and concepts of satellite communications networks based on non-geostationary orbital constellations are considered. Analysis of existing and prospective networks is based on a large number of performance indicators, such as parameters of orbital constellations, type of antennas, construction of an information exchange system (protocols for multiple access and separation of communication channels, protocols for routing and transmitting information over communication channels), and cost.
MEASURING ACTIVE FERRITE ANTENNA AFA-1M
Authors: Никитин Ю.А. , Белов С.А. , Чернявский С.Ю.
Published: July 2021

В статье описана малогабаритная широкополосная активная ферритовая антенна АФА-1М для измерений магнитных полей в диапазоне частот от 10 Гц до 300 кГц. Антенна может быть использована как самостоятельное изделие, так и в составе автоматизированных измерительных комплексов для измерения электромагнитных полей помех, а также для проверки системы защиты информации от непреднамеренной утечки за счет побочных электромагнитных излучений.

The article describes the small-sized broadband active ferrite antenna AFA-1M for measuring magnetic fields in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 300 kHz. The antenna can be used as an independent product and as a part of automated measuring systems for measuring electromagnetic fields of interference, as well as to verify the protection of information from unintentional leakage due to spurious electromagnetic radiation.
MODEL OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT LONG-RANGE MESH NETWORK
Authors: Фам В.Д. , Галлямов Д.А. , Ворожейкина О.И. , Киричек Р.В.
Published: July 2021

Представлена имитационная модель энергоэффективной ячеистой сети дальнего радиуса действия на базе техно- логии передачи данных LoRa. Модель учитывает различные параметры узлов и каналов связи технологии LoRa. Серия компьютерных экспериментов позволила проанализировать время доставки и коэффициент доставленных пакетов. По результатам моделирования сделаны выводы о возможности использования ячеистой сети для приложений умных устойчивых городов .

The article presents a simulation model of energyefficient long-range mesh network based on LoRa technology. The model takes into account various parameters of nodes and communication channels of LoRa technology. A series of computer experiments allowed analyzing the delivery time and packet delivery ratio. Based on the simulation results, conclusions are drawn about the ability to use the mesh network for the application of Smart Sustainable Cities.
HIGH-PRECISION ALGORITHMS FOR TRACKING IN THE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Сычев М.И.
Published: July 2021

Рассматривается задача траекторной обработки информации от радиотехнических средств наблюдения с по- мощью многомодельной фильтрации. Представлен и исследован вариант четырехмодельного алгоритма. Приведены результаты моделирования.

The problem of tracking in the air traffic control system using multi-model filtration is considered. The fourmodel algorithm is presented and investigated. Results of modeling are reported.
Um olhar geográfico para o processo de avanço do neoliberalismo e das direitas no contexto mundial
Authors: Silva Luiz Eduardo , Milani Patricia Helena , Baratelli Amanda Emiliana Santos
Published: July 2021

Temos por objetivo neste ensaio fazer uma discussão acerca de alguns processos geopolíticos no contexto do fortalecimento das diretas e dos discursos nacionalistas em alguns Estados Nação e como isso interfere no atual processo de globalização. A noção de globalização, que até então caracteriza o modo capitalista de produção e seus desdobramentos na geopolítica mundial, orienta nossos argumentos. Além disso, pautamo-nos em alguns processos em curso e inacabados como, por exemplo, o BREXIT (saída do Reino Unido da União Europeia), considerando a relação entre o processo e o discurso nacionalista oriundo da extrema direita que o legitima. Este é validado por políticas econômicas que tendem a camuflar seu viés ideológico e ações xenofóbicas que fragmentam territórios não apenas do ponto de vista econômico, mas também político e social.
DEVELOPMENT OF A BIODEGRADABLE MATERIAL FOR BONE REGENERATION BASED ON SILICON COMPOUNDS
Authors: Kompantsev Dmitry , Chahirova Anna , Yusupov Ruslan , Zaharchanko Ilya , Shabanova Natalia
Published: July 2021

In the course of this study we established that the laboratory sample in granulated form developed by us has a stimulating effect on the growth and proliferation of osteoblasts. Analysis of the data (CT, MRI) of the biological material obtained from the animals withdrawn from the experiment showed a statistically significant replacement of the artificial defect with bone tissue with signs of restoration of the cortical plate. The analysis of the CT results indicates that this method is sufficiently informative in assessing the regeneration of the trabecular structure of bone tissue. The study (MRI) of the bone material obtained from the animals participating in the experiment showed that when the osteoinductive material was integrated, the defect zone was replaced by 90%. In the projection of the defect, the newly formed tissue of a homogeneous structure was determined, corresponding in density to bone tissue with a high degree of mineralization. There was a complete restoration of bone tissue in the projection of the defect.
IMPLANT TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE TOOTH WEAR ON THE OCCLUSAL SURFACE
Authors: Tlustenko Vladimir , Tlustenko Valentina , Komlev Sergey , Ivaschenko Alexander , Koshelev Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Examination along with implant treatment was carried out in 21 patients with severe tooth wear on the occlusal surface. This disorder features a variety of clinical symptoms including changes in the facial features and the lower jaw movement amplitude, disturbed canine and incisor guidance, supercontacts, asynchronous operation of the masticatory muscles, etc. We have proposed a treatment algorithm aimed at eliminating these issues. The temporary non-removable dentures allowed creating occlusal marks (Stage 1) followed with their transfer onto permanent orthopedic structure (Stage 2) using implants. The complexity of the approach to treating this disease, as well as the effectiveness of our method has been confirmed by clinical data and the outcomes obtained through an instrumental study involving electromyography and electronic axiography. The extra additional research methods employed, such as electromyography and electronic axiography, allowed to assess the activity of masticatory muscles and the lower jaw articulation, thus to ensure occlusal-articulation interaction when restoring the lower facial height.
Caracterización clínica genética de pacientes con ataxias hereditarias en el estado de Portuguesa- Venezuela
Authors: Castro-Montesino Daelys , Iglesias-Rojas María B. , Ramos-Fernández Omar , Rojas-Concepción Adrián A.
Published: July 2021

Introducción: las ataxias hereditarias son enfermedades neurodegenerativas que provocan deterioro funcional. Como consecuencia de su carácter progresivo conllevan a la discapacidad en los individuos afectados con una severa afectación psicológica en sus familias. Objetivo: caracterizar clínico y genéticamente los pacientes con ataxias hereditarias en el estado Portuguesa- Venezuela en el periodo 2013-2015. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en pacientes con diagnóstico de ataxia hereditaria. El universo estuvo constituido por 33 pacientes diagnosticados en el periodo de estudio, se trabajó con todos ellos. Se realizó la revisión de las historias de salud individual y familiar. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados mediante programa estadístico SPSS. Resultados: existió predominio del grupo de edad de 25-29 años (18.18 %) y del sexo masculino (51.5%); así como de las ataxias espinocerebelosas autosómicas dominantes del adulto (SCA1 y la SCA2) (82 %). Los pacientes en etapa 3 de la enfermedad fueron los más predominantes (40 %). Predominó el tipo de herencia autosómica dominante (69 %) y la vía de herencia paterna (63 %). Conclusiones: la genética comunitaria y el asesoramiento genético contribuyeron con alternativas terapéuticas para mejorar la calidad de vida. Además, quedaron identificadas las poblaciones de riesgo para trazar acciones preventivas y reducir la recurrencia de las afecciones hereditarias.