bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of miR-196a/b expression in adult acute myeloid leukaemia: a single-centre, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang JunYu , Liu WeiE , Du Jing , Jin YangJin , Zhao MinLei , Li LinJie , Wang Ying
Published: June 2018

Objective

The prognostic effect of miR-196a/b expression in adult patients with leukaemia remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether miR-196a/b expression can serve as a prognostic factor for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.

Methods

We enrolled 124 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. We measured miR-196a/b expression by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We classified patients into high and low expression groups based on the median expression value. Cox regression analyses were carried out to assess the prognostic significance of miR-196a/b expression in the context of well-established predictors.

Results

Patients with high miR-196a/b expression were older in age, and had higher white blood cell and platelet counts than did patients with low miR-196a/b expression. Patients with high miR-196a/b expression were associated with the French–American–British classification M5 subtype and with the presence of nucleophosmin and FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations, but were not associated with the favourable karyotype risk subgroup. Moreover, patients with high miR-196a/b expression had a shorter event-free survival rate compared with those with low miR-196a/b expression in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Conclusion

High miR-196a/b expression is associated with poor event-free survival.
Metallothionein Expression in Horses With Chronic Liver Disease and Its Correlation With Ki-67 Immunoreactivity
Authors: Verhoef Jolanda N. C. , Allen Andrew L. , Harding John C. S. , Al-Dissi Ahmad N.
Published: June 2018

Chronic liver disease is an important cause of illness in horses, and treatment is mainly supportive. Research into new treatment modalities for humans has shown promising data regarding metallothionein (MT), which has been shown to possess regenerative, antifibrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to examine the relationship between hepatic MT expression and the histopathologic markers of hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and bile duct proliferation, as well as cellular regeneration in 77 selected cases of chronic liver disease in horses. We hypothesized that higher MT expression would be associated with increased heptocellular proliferation and decreased fibrosis, inflammation, and bile duct proliferation. Hepatocellular MT expression was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Additionally, cellular regeneration was evaluated with immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, a protein expressed during all active stages of the cell cycle. The severity of inflammation and fibrosis was scored, and bile duct proliferation was assessed by counting bile duct profiles. MT expression was observed in 73 of 77 (94.8%) cases of chronically diseased livers. Ki-67 expression was seen in resident Kupffer cells ( n = 42, 54.6%), lymphocytes ( n = 39, 50.7%), bile duct epithelium ( n = 10, 13.0%), and hepatocytes ( n = 8, 10.4%). MT expression was significantly associated with Ki-67 staining in bile duct epithelium and Kupffer cells. Additionally, median MT expression was higher in cases containing lymphocytic infiltrates as compared with cases with no lymphocytic infiltrate ( P < .05). These findings are the first known report of MT expression within chronic equine hepatic disease.
Conception of a program for prevention of the dangers related to wind turbines using PYTHON
Authors: Hadjij Merouane , Abderrahim Benfekir , Lounis Zoubida
Published: June 2018

This article is a study of the danger of installations of sites of renewable energies, more exactly, wind farms. After we had shown the dangers that could alter a wind turbine and minimize the most commons accidents worldwide, we noticed that the high speed of the wind always returns as the main or secondary cause in the incident. It is in this context that a program with the PYTHON software was established to warn (prevent) about accidents involving such wind turbines. This allows us to view the feasibility and to choose the suitable territory or an appropriate wind turbine to preserve the durability of the device by getting it to perform continuously in complete safety.
Damage Assessment for ME Rehabilitation Design of Modified Asphalt Pavements: Challenges and Findings
Authors: Habbouche Jhony , Hajj Elie Y. , Sebaaly Peter E. , Morian Nathan E.
Published: June 2018

The overall objective of this study was to assess the use of Level 1 analysis for mechanistic-empirical (ME) rehabilitation designs of deteriorated polymer-modified asphalt concrete (AC) pavements in Nevada using the AASHTOWare® Pavement ME software. This research also explored the possible implementation of a hybrid approach for AC damage characterization to overcome the challenges associated with the use of the Witczak model for estimating the undamaged dynamic modulus master curve of the existing AC layer. Two rehabilitation field projects were used as part of this study. The experimental plan involved falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing in the right wheelpath before rehabilitation, analysis of core samples, estimation of an equivalent undamaged dynamic modulus, and estimation of equivalent damaged dynamic modulus from FWD backcalculation. The proposed hybrid approach consisted of conducting laboratory dynamic modulus testing on the collected core samples and estimating an equivalent undamaged dynamic modulus at the same FWD testing temperature and loading frequency. The pre-overlay damage, characterized based on the approach in Pavement ME Design software (i.e., using a Witczak prediction model and backcalculated modulus), showed overly high values that did not match with the collected pre-overlay distress data on either of the rehabilitation projects. Based on the findings from this study, the hybrid approach was recommended for implementation by Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) when designing AC overlay over polymer-modified asphalt pavements in Nevada. Recommendations for user inputs were also provided for future consideration in Pavement ME Design software.
Harms of Antipsychotics in Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review Update
Authors: Pillay Jennifer , Boylan Khrista , Newton Amanda , Hartling Lisa , Vandermeer Ben , Nuspl Megan , MacGregor Tara , Featherstone Robin , Carrey Normand
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To update and extend our previous systematic review on first- (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for treatment of psychiatric and behavioral conditions in children, adolescents, and young adults (aged ≤24 years). This article focuses on the evidence for harms.

Method:

We searched (to April 2016) 8 databases, gray literature, trial registries, Food and Drug Administration reports, and reference lists. Two reviewers conducted study screening and selection independently, with consensus for selection. One reviewer extracted and another verified all data; 2 reviewers independently assessed risk of bias. We conducted meta-analyses when appropriate and network meta-analysis across conditions for changes in body composition. Two reviewers reached consensus for ratings on the strength of evidence for prespecified outcomes.

Results:

A total of 135 studies (95 trials and 40 observational) were included, and 126 reported on harms. FGAs caused slightly less weight gain and more extrapyramidal symptoms than SGAs. SGAs as a class caused adverse effects, including weight gain, high triglyceride levels, extrapyramidal symptoms, sedation, and somnolence. They appeared to increase the risk for high cholesterol levels and type 2 diabetes. Many outcomes for individual drug comparisons were of low or insufficient strength of evidence. Olanzapine caused more short-term gains in weight and body mass index than several other SGAs. The dose of SGAs may not make a difference over the short term for some outcomes.

Conclusions:

Clinicians need to weigh carefully the benefit-to-harm ratio when using antipsychotics, especially when treatment alternatives exist. More evidence is needed on the comparative harms between antipsychotics over the longer term.
Long-Term Care Health Care Aides’ Perceptions of Decision-Making Processes in Transferring Residents to Acute Care Services
Authors: Tate Kaitlyn , Spiers Jude , El-Bialy Rowan , Cummings Greta
Published: June 2018

Most transfers of long-term care (LTC) facility residents to the emergency department (ED) via 911 calls are necessary. Avoidable transfers can have adverse effects including increased confusion and dehydration. Around 20% of transfers are perceived to be avoidable or unnecessary, yet decision making around transfers is complex and poorly understood. Using a qualitative-focused ethnographic approach, we examined 20 health care aides’ (HCAs) perceptions of decision processes leading to transfer using experiential interview data. Inductive analysis throughout iterative data collection and analysis illuminated how HCAs’ familiarity with residents make them vital in initiating care processes. Hierarchical reporting structures influenced HCAs’ perceptions of nurse responsiveness to their concerns about resident condition, which influenced communications related to transfers. Communication processes in LTC facilities and the value placed on HCA concerns are inconsistent. There is an urgent need to improve conceptualization of HCA roles and communication structures in LTCs.
Multi-stakeholder policy modeling for collection and recycling of spent portable battery waste
Authors: Gupta Vimal Kumar , Kaushal Rajendra Kumar , Shukla Sheo Prasad
Published: June 2018

Policies have been structured for collection and recycling of spent portable battery waste within a framework of stakeholders (recycling council body, producer, recycler and consumer) especially for those battery units that are discarded worldwide because of their expensive cost of recycling. Applicability of stakeholders’ policies in their coalition framework have been reviewed and critically analyzed using the Shapley value of cooperative game theory models. Coalition models for ‘manufacturer and recycler’ indicated the dominating role of manufacturers over the recyclers, and waste management is highly influenced by producer responsibility. But, the take-back policy enables recyclers’ dominance role in the management and yields maximum benefit to both recyclers and consumers. The polluter pays principle has been implemented in formulating policies to key stakeholders, ‘manufacturers’ as well as ‘consumers’, of battery products by the introduction of penalties to encourage their willingness to join the Environment, Health and Safety program. Results indicated that the policies of the framework have the potential to be implemented within a marginal rise in battery price by 12% to 14.3% in the range of recycling cost per tonne of US$2000 to US$5000. The policy of the stakeholders’ framework presented in the study could be an important aid to achieve high collection and recycling rates of spent portable batteries.
Estimation of Atenolol Transfer Into Milk and Infant Exposure During Its Use in Lactating Women
Authors: Lwin Ei Mon Phyo , Gerber Cobus , Leggett Catherine , Song Yunmei , Ritchie Usha , Turner Sean , Hague William , Upton Richard , Garg Sanjay
Published: June 2018

Background:

Atenolol lactation information is limited, and controversy exists over the safety of its use during breastfeeding. In this study, important parameters including milk-to-plasma ratio, ratio of infant plasma to maternal plasma, infant daily dosage, and relative infant dose were investigated. The findings from this study add information to existing data about atenolol transfer in human milk. This may help guide health professionals in decision making regarding the safety of beta blockers used by mothers during breastfeeding.

Research aim:

The aims of the study were to quantify concentrations of atenolol in human plasma and milk, to evaluate atenolol pharmacokinetics in lactating women, and to investigate subsequent infant exposure to atenolol via mother’s milk.

Methods:

In this prospective, longitudinal observational study, participants were lactating mothers ( N = 3), 1 to 4 months postpartum, who had been taking atenolol for therapeutic reasons, and one 4-month-old breastfed infant. Eight milk samples were collected over 24 hr at different time points, together with a single blood sample from each lactating mother and the infant, and quantified using a new sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method developed for this study.

Results:

Peak milk concentrations of atenolol were observed in the women at 4 hr (Tmax) after oral administration. The dose-normalized maximum concentrations (Cmax) of all patients were similar. The mean milk-to-plasma ratio of the patients who were taking 25 to 100 mg of atenolol was 8.57%. In the mother–infant pair study, the ratio (%) of infant plasma drug concentration to maternal plasma drug concentration observed (18.87%) was similar to the relative infant dose estimated (18.20%). The relative infant dose values (13.96%-18.20%) for all patients were within 10% to 25% of maternal dosage.

Conclusion:

Atenolol use during breastfeeding should be undertaken with some precaution. If clinically indicated, an alternate beta blocker may be preferred.
The Life and Legacy of Niles Polk Rumely Newton: Breastfeeding Researcher, Advocate, and Mother, 1923-1993
Authors: Martucci Jessica
Published: June 2018

In the 1950s, researchers devoted very little time to understanding breastfeeding, physicians and nurses learned almost nothing about it in their training, and even those mothers who showed an interest in breastfeeding often found the lack of information and support for doing so to be overwhelming. In this period, Niles R. Newton stands out for a number of reasons. Born in 1923, Niles went on to marry, have four children (all of whom she breastfed), earn a master’s degree and a PhD, and carry on a successful research career as a specialist in the psychology of childbirth, breastfeeding, and childrearing. Her unique work in the psychology and physiology of breastfeeding shed precious light on many of the most common problems that mothers faced when they set out to breastfeed their infants. Her research quickly became the cornerstone of the back-to-the-breast movement and was snapped up by breastfeeding advocates, mothers, and La Leche League, in particular, who helped popularize and disseminate Newton’s ideas to an eager audience. This article examines Newton’s life and works in more detail and argues for the central place she holds in the history of modern breastfeeding.
Charpy test investigation of the influence of fabric weave and fibre nature on impact properties of PEEK-reinforced composites
Authors: De Almeida Olivier , Ferrero Jean-François , Escalé Laurent , Bernhart Gérard
Published: June 2018

The aim of the work is to use Charpy impact test for quick evaluations of different Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK)-reinforced composites to be used for impact protection. In the first part, the influence of weave pattern was first analysed by comparing the impact behaviour of three PEEK composites reinforced with plies of unidirectional (UD) tapes, 5H satin fabrics and 2 × 2 twill fabrics made of high-strength carbon fibres. In the second part, the influence of fibre nature was investigated for the same weave pattern. The impact behaviour of five 2 × 2 twill fabrics made from inorganic fibre (carbon, glass and basalt) and organic fibre (aramid and poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO)) has been compared. Two main types of failure modes were identified: a brittle behaviour mode with high failure strength and a highly deformable behaviour mode in which energy absorption is more important. The balance between brittle behaviour and highly deformable behaviour results from competition between the yarn crimp, weave pattern and fibre properties of the composite. Slight yarn crimp and small ply thickness increase the stiffness of the composite and induce brittle behaviour characterized by fibre failure in tension and a steep peak on the loading curves. This behaviour is observed in UD and 5H satin carbon-reinforced composites or 2 × 2 twill glass and basalt fabric-reinforced composites. In contrast, aramid and PBO 2 × 2 twill fabric composites exhibit high shear strength. The highly deformable behaviour of the specimens during the Charpy impact led, in the case of organic fibres, to a non-breakage of the fibres and consequently to a high level of energy absorption. This behaviour is necessarily interesting in armour applications.
Malignant Transformation of a Canine Papillomavirus Type 1-Induced Persistent Oral Papilloma in a 3-Year-Old Dog
Authors: Regalado Ibarra Adriana Margarita , Legendre Loïc , Munday John S.
Published: June 2018

This case report describes a rare case of a persistent canine papillomavirus type 1 (CPV-1)-induced oral papilloma that underwent malignant transformation into an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a 3-year-old Labrador retriever cross. Initially, the patient had multiple and multifocal verrucous lesions populating the oral cavity exclusively. The papillomas persisted despite multiple surgical ablations, azithromycin, interferon α-2b, alternative medicines, and off-label drug use of an immunostimulant. After 1 year and 6 months, an aggressive lesion developed at the level of the left mandibular first molar (309) and progressed to a well-differentiated invasive OSCC. The presence of CPV-1 DNA in the OSCC, and the known oncogenic abilities of CPV-1, suggests that this virus might have played a significant role in the emergence of the OSCC that ultimately led to the patient’s euthanasia due to poor quality of life. This is the first well-documented case where OSCC has developed from an oral papilloma caused by CPV-1 in which the presence of coinfection by another papillomavirus was excluded by multiple polymerase chain reaction tests using various primers.
Unusual Dental Morphology in a Chimpanzee: A Case Report Utilizing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Al-Amery Samah M. , Nambiar Phrabhakaran , John Jacob , Purmal Kathiravan , Ngeow Wei Cheong , Mohamed Nor Himazian , Vellayan Subramaniam
Published: June 2018

This case report illustrates the teeth morphology of a chimpanzee and its anatomical variations. A well-preserved skull of a male Pan troglodytes troglodyte chimpanzee was scanned using a cone-beam computed tomography machine. Measurements included tooth and crown height, root length, root canal length and width (posterior teeth), and pulp cavity length (anterior teeth). Nonmetrical parameters included number of canals and foramina per root of every root. Interestingly, the mandibular central incisor was longer than the lateral incisor, and all the mandibular anterior teeth presented with a solitary flame-shaped or conical-calcified structure in their pulp cavity. The premolars are usually dual rooted except for the first maxillary premolar that displayed 3 roots. Other unusual discoveries were the presence of bilateral radicular dens invaginatus in the mandibular first premolars and the possibility of having 2 canals and 2 foramina in the roots of the posterior teeth. The presence of conical stone mineralizations at the pulp cavity and the presence of dens invaginatus were of particular interest.
Interrelationships Between Morphometric, Densitometric, and Mechanical Properties of Teeth in 5-Month-Old Polish Merino Sheep
Authors: Tatara Marcin R. , Szabelska Anna , Krupski Witold , Tymczyna Barbara , Łuszczewska-Sierakowska Iwona , Bieniaś Jarosław , Ostapiuk Monika
Published: June 2018

Interrelationships between morphological, densitometric, and mechanical properties of deciduous mandibular teeth (incisors, canine, second premolar) were investigated. To perform morphometric, densitometric, and mechanical analyses, teeth were obtained from 5-month-old sheep. Measurements of mean volumetric tooth mineral density and total tooth volume were performed using quantitative computed tomography. Microcomputed tomography was used to measure total enamel volume, volumetric enamel mineral density, total dentin volume, and volumetric dentin mineral density. Maximum elastic strength and ultimate force of teeth were determined using 3-point bending and compression tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined between all investigated variables. Mutual dependence was observed between morphological and mechanical properties of the investigated teeth. The highest number of positive correlations of the investigated parameters was stated in first incisor indicating its superior predictive value of tooth quality and masticatory organ function in sheep. Positive correlations of the volumetric dentin mineral density in second premolar with final body weight may indicate predictive value of this parameter in relation with growth rate in sheep. Evaluation of deciduous tooth properties may prove helpful for breeding selection and further reproduction of sheep possessing favorable traits of teeth and better masticatory organ function, leading to improved performance and economic efficiency of the flock.
Using near infrared spectroscopy to assess the composition of New Zealand aquaculture species
Authors: Miller Matthew R , Puddick Jonathan , Symonds Jane E , Walker Seumas P , Tian Hong (Sabrina)
Published: June 2018

Near infrared spectroscopy has been employed to determine the proximate composition of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Greenshell Mussels™ ( Perna canaliculus). This work was presented at the Australian Near Infrared Spectroscopy Group and New Zealand Near Infrared Spectroscopy Society meeting in Rotorua, 11–12 April 2018, where it won the best overall presentation award for Near Infrared Science (Figure 1).
Sample size re-estimation in a superiority clinical trial using a hybrid classical and Bayesian procedure
Authors: Ciarleglio Maria M , Arendt Christopher D
Published: June 2018

When designing studies involving a continuous endpoint, the hypothesized difference in means ([Formula: see text]) and the assumed variability of the endpoint ([Formula: see text]) play an important role in sample size and power calculations. Traditional methods of sample size re-estimation often update one or both of these parameters using statistics observed from an internal pilot study. However, the uncertainty in these estimates is rarely addressed. We propose a hybrid classical and Bayesian method to formally integrate prior beliefs about the study parameters and the results observed from an internal pilot study into the sample size re-estimation of a two-stage study design. The proposed method is based on a measure of power called conditional expected power (CEP), which averages the traditional power curve using the prior distributions of θ and [Formula: see text] as the averaging weight, conditional on the presence of a positive treatment effect. The proposed sample size re-estimation procedure finds the second stage per-group sample size necessary to achieve the desired level of conditional expected interim power, an updated CEP calculation that conditions on the observed first-stage results. The CEP re-estimation method retains the assumption that the parameters are not known with certainty at an interim point in the trial. Notional scenarios are evaluated to compare the behavior of the proposed method of sample size re-estimation to three traditional methods.
Generativity Among Elderly in a Rural Area of Maharashtra, India: Correlates and Relationship With Quality of Life Approved
Authors: Østbye Truls , Clancy Shayna , Stankevitz Kayla , Malhotra Rahul , Ogundare Olajumoke , Shah Vinod , Pati Sanghamitra , Boddicker-Young Porsche , Maselko Joanna
Published: June 2018

Generativity, “a concern for others and a need to contribute something to the next generation,” is a dimension of successful aging in and of itself, but also predicts other positive health outcomes. We examine its manifestations and correlates among elderly in rural India and assess the association between generativity and quality of life (QoL). Three hundred and forty-eight rural Indian elderly completed an interviewer-assisted questionnaire assessing generativity, QoL, and other personal and familial factors. Regression models were used to examine potential correlates of generativity and the relationship between generativity and QoL. Higher education, inheritance income, more living children, and a son/daughter living in the home predicted higher levels of generativity. Higher levels of generativity were associated with higher QoL. There are both personal and familial correlates of generativity, and family relationships are important for generative development. Family-oriented interventions to increase generativity among elderly Indians could improve QoL.
Is injury part of sports? A children’s rights perspective
Authors: Turkeri-Bozkurt Hande , Bulgu Nefise
Published: June 2018

In recent years the violation of children’s rights in sports and sports injuries have become very important research areas in their own right. There are also some studies which touch upon the significant link between the two areas. However, the research that has been undertaken dealing with the relationship between the violation of child rights and sports injuries has been very limited. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to: (a) examine the injury experiences of children who continue to receive training in volleyball as licensed athletes; (b) determine the violation of rights that have arisen in this process; and (c) explore the link between injury and violation of children’s rights. Research data were collected via in-depth interviews with 21 young volleyball players, both male and female, and data analysis was conducted using the interpretative phenomenological analysis method. This study concludes that athletes are exposed to violation of rights in various forms that lead to injury. It is hypothesized that the results of this study will be taken into consideration in policy development and training planning with regard to the violation of child rights. Hence it is believed that it will increase awareness in practice.
Discursive Constructions of White Nordic Masculinities in Right-wing Populist Media
Authors: Norocel Ov Cristian , Saresma Tuija , Lähdesmäki Tuuli , Ruotsalainen Maria
Published: June 2018

Using superordinate intersectionality as a theoretical framework, this article explores notions of men and masculinities within right wing populism. It is attentive to how the right-wing populist media in Finland and Sweden construct white Nordic masculinities through discursive interactions across several axes of difference: gender (masculinities); sexuality (heterosexuality); social class (elites); and race (whitenesses). Employing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as methodological approach, we show how the discursive constructions of white Nordic masculinities are context contingent, rendering them subject to constant reinterpretation and repositioning, at times privileging some axes of social structuring over others. By drawing out the subtle similarities and discrete differences embedded in the discursive constructions of right-wing populist media, our approach gives a more fine-grained understanding of the nuance to men and masculinities in the study of right wing populism. By focusing on the European Nordic semi-periphery, our comparative analysis makes an original contribution, not only to the masculinities literature in general, but also to the growing scholarship concerned with the `crisis of masculinity' in the wider context of neoliberal globalizing tendencies.
Class, Lifestyle and Substance Use among Adolescents: A Bourdieusian Perspective
Authors: Skrobanek Jan , Kuglstatter Verena
Published: June 2018

Against the backdrop of the continuing controversy regarding the interlinkage between social class, lifestyle and substance use of young people, the article reports the findings of an effort to assess the impact of adolescents’ cultural and economic capital and lifestyle practices on substance use. Drawing on Bourdieu’s work on class, lifestyle and practice, young people’s substance use can be seen as the product of class-specific capital endowment and related highbrow or lowbrow lifestyles. However, research seeking to explain adolescent substance use so far has eschewed a stringent empirical attempt to examine the impact of capital and lifestyle in relation to the use of different substances. Taking this desideratum as a starting point, our research indicates that although effects of cultural and economic capital are present, the type of lifestyle is more important for understanding and explaining substance use by young people.
Organized hematoma of the sphenoid sinus causing acute visual loss
Authors: Yoon Young Hoon , Kim Sung Ha , Kim Yong Min , Rha Ki-Sang
Published: June 2018

Sinonasal organized hematoma, which has locally aggressive characteristics, is a non-neoplastic disease. We report a rare case of sphenoid sinus organized hematoma causing acute visual loss. A 35-year-old male presented with progressive headaches, retro-orbital pain, and frequent epistaxis. He had a medical history of aplastic anemia and of taking warfarin for a valvular heart disease. On image studies, an expansive soft tissue density lesion with bony destruction was found in his left sphenoid sinus. While waiting for elective surgery, acute visual loss occurred. Emergent endoscopic surgery was performed after correction of abnormal hematological profiles, but his visual disturbance did not improve. Although sphenoid sinus organized hematoma is a rare disease, organized hematoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis for sphenoid sinus lesion with acute visual loss. Rapid and correct diagnosis and timely treatment are essential to prevent permanent sequela.
Evaluation of oxidative stress in pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma patients treated with and without topical coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E
Authors: Ozates Serdar , Elgin Kadriye Ufuk , Yilmaz Niyazi Samet , Demirel Ozlem Ozbas , Sen Emine , Yilmazbas Pelin
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate the levels of oxidative stress markers such as superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in eyes with pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma treated with and without topical coenzyme Q10 (CQ10) and vitamin E (Coqun drop).

Methods:

This prospective, randomized clinical study was conducted on 64 eyes of 64 patients. All patients underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery. Aqueous humor samples were aspirated from the anterior chamber at the beginning of cataract surgery. The pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma + Coqun group received topical Coqun (100 mg CQ10, 500 mg Vitamin E TPGS) twice daily for 1 month preoperatively, while the pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma group consisted of pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma cases who had not taken Coqun. Pseudo-exfoliation syndrome cases formed the pseudo-exfoliation syndrome group. The main outcomes were the superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels of aqueous humor in both groups.

Results:

The mean aqueous humor superoxide dismutase level was significantly higher in the pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma group than in pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma + Coqun and pseudo-exfoliation syndrome groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). Also, the mean aqueous humor superoxide dismutase level was significantly lower in the pseudo-exfoliation syndrome group than in pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma + Coqun group (p = 0.009). The mean malondialdehyde levels showed no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion:

Our study showed lower aqueous humor level of superoxide dismutase in pseudo-exfoliation syndrome patients compared to pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma patients. Significantly lower superoxide dismutase level was observed in pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma patients who received topical Coqun compared to pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma patients without Coqun treatment. No significant change was observed on the malondialdehyde level during 1-month follow-up period.
Case Report of a 21-Year-Old Man With Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
Authors: Cyr Janelle , Liu Annie , Ghazarian Danny , Siddha Sanjay
Published: June 2018

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare acquired type of mechanobullous disease affecting the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) of trauma prone acral surfaces. It manifests as tense vesicles, bullae, and milia and typically heals as atrophic hypo- or hyperpigmented scars. Classic noninflammatory mechanobullous EBA typically presents at a mean age of 48 years. A 21-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of nonpainful papular-vesicular lesions on his hands, knees, and toes after minor trauma to these areas. Physical exam revealed postinflammatory hypopigmented scarring and milia to the bilateral dorsal hands and bilateral extensor elbows and knees, with tense blisters on the dorsal hand and patella regions. Direct immunofluorescence revealed strong linear IgG and IgM with weak focal positivity for IgA and C3 at the DEJ. Blood work revealed an increased diffuse gamma region of 71 g/L (6-13 g/L) on serum protein electrophoresis. Pathology showed a fibrotic underlying dermis, with subepidermal bullae and separation and no significant inflammation. The patient was started on colchicine. This case showcases an unusual early age of presentation for mechanobullous EBA and illustrates the importance of interpreting pathology in the context of clinical findings and maintaining a high index of suspicion for EBA in younger patients who present with classic findings. This case is unique as it is the first report of an association between EBA and polyclonal gammopathy and could be suggestive of chronic inflammation, which would fit with our patient’s chronic history of EBA.
Influence of granularity of grinding stone on grinding force and material removal in the rail grinding process
Authors: Wang Wen-jian , Gu Kai-kai , Zhou Kun , Cai Zhen-bing , Guo Jun , Liu Qi-yue
Published: June 2018

The objective of this study is to explore the influence of grinding stone granularity on the grinding force and rail material removal behaviors using a rail grinding friction machine. The results indicate that with the increase in granularity, the grinding force, and friction coefficient in the grinding interface obviously increase, which brings about a rise in the hardness and grinding temperature-rise of rail specimens. The increase in the grinding stone granularity causes a fall in the grinding volume and surface roughness of rail materials and brings about stronger vibration in the grinding interface owing to different material removal mechanisms. In view of the experimental results, the optimization of grinding stone granularity is significant for improving the rail grinding efficiency and surface quality.
Association of sex and height with a lower ankle brachial index in the general population
Authors: Kapoor Ridhima , Ayers Colby , Visotcky Alexis , Mason Peter , Kulinski Jacquelyn
Published: June 2018

The ankle–brachial index (ABI) is a predictor of cardiovascular events, mortality and functional status. Some studies have noted a higher prevalence of peripheral artery disease in females compared to males. Differences in height might account for these observed sex differences, but findings are conflicting. The 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohort includes participants from 15 geographic locations, selected annually to represent the general population. Sample-weighted multivariable linear and logistic regression modeling was performed with ABI as the dependent variable and height and sex as primary exposure variables of interest. There were 3052 participants with ABI data (mean age 57 years, 51% female). The mean (±SE) ABI was 1.09 (±0.006) and 1.13 (±0.005) for females and males, respectively ( p < 0.0001). Shorter height was associated with a low ABI (OR 0.91 per 4 cm, 95% CI: 0.86–0.96; p=0.001). In a fully adjusted model, female sex was associated with a low ABI (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04–1.72; p=0.025) independent of height and traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Age, diabetes, tobacco use, known CVD, hypertension and race were associated with a low ABI (all p < 0.001). The ABI was 0.03 lower in females than in males in the general population and in a healthy cohort. Lower ABI values in healthy females do not appear to be due to occult vascular disease but rather a normal phenomenon with some contribution from height. Therefore, population sex-specific ABI thresholds should be utilized in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease to account for these intrinsic differences.
Development and evaluation of two posture-tracking user interfaces for occupational health care
Authors: Valdivia Sergio , Blanco Robin , Uribe-Quevedo Alvaro , Penuela Lina , Rojas David , Kapralos Bill
Published: June 2018

The spinal column requires special care through exercises focused on muscle strengthening, flexibility, and mobility to minimize the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders that may affect the quality of life. Guidelines for spinal column exercises are commonly presented through printed and multimedia guides accompanied with demonstrations performed by a physiotherapist, occupational health expert, or physical fitness trainer. However, existing guides lack interaction and oral explanations may not always be clear to the user, leading to decreased engagement and motivation to start, continue, or complete an exercise program. In this article, we present two interactive and engaging posture-tracking user interfaces intended to promote proper spinal column exercise form. One user interface employs a wooden manikin with an integrated inertial measurement unit to provide a tangible user interaction. The other user interface presents a mobile application that provides instructions and explanations about the exercises. Both user interfaces allow recording key postures during the exercise for reference and feedback. We compared the usability of the interfaces through a series of flexion and extension exercises, monitored with an inertial measuring unit worn around the torso, and a Microsoft Kinect V2 vision-based sensor. Although no significant differences between the manikin user interface and the mobile application were found in terms of usability, the inertial measurement unit provided more accurate and reliable data in comparison to the Microsoft Kinect V2 as a result of body occlusions in front of the sensor caused during the torso flexion. Although both user interfaces provide different experiences and performed well, we believe that a combination of both will improve user engagement and motivation, while providing a more accurate motion profile.
Optimal distance for moving long baseline positioning system with distance-dependent measurement noise
Authors: Chen Wei , Sun Ruisheng
Published: June 2018

This article investigates the effect of distance-dependent noise on optimal transponder distance in a moving long baseline positioning system. First, according to the positioning model of the moving long baseline positioning system, the relationship between measurement noises and positioning error is established. Second, a cost function is proposed to evaluate the positioning performance. Then, based on the optimal formation, the optimal distance is deduced. Finally, the relationship between the optimal distance and the parameter for the distance-dependent error is proposed. By using this relationship, the effect of distance-dependent measurement noise on optimal distance is analyzed. Simulation examples illustrate the results.
Study on the torsional movement of a reed valve in a rotary compressor
Authors: Yu Xiaoling , Ren Yumei , Tan Qin , Lu Zhao , Jia Xiaofei , Wang Xiaolin
Published: June 2018

Torsional movement makes the motion of a reed valve very complex and unmanageable in a rotary compressor. However, there is little information on the torsional movement of the reed valve in comparison to the valve displacement and velocity in the literature. This article investigates the torsional movement of a reed valve in a rotary compressor under different operating conditions using a fluid–structure interaction model. The phenomenon of the torsional movement of the reed valve during an operating cycle in the compressor was first studied. Then, the impact process and stress between the reed and the retainer were examined as the torsional movement was considered. The effect of the key parameters (including the asymmetric shape of the discharge chamber, eccentric reed mounting, and compressor working conditions) on the valve torsional movement was evaluated. Results showed that the impact stress of the first contact between the reed and the retainer increased as the torsional movement increased. The asymmetric shape of the discharge chamber and the eccentric mounting of the reed had a large influence on the torsional movement of the reed valve, while the rotational speed of the compressor was the key factor that significantly affected the impact stress.
Control of nonlinear systems by alternative design of fuzzy logic controllers subject to Lyapunov stability theory
Authors: Tsai Shun-Hung , Chen Chin-Sheng , Li Shih-Yu
Published: June 2018

In this article, a set of fuzzy logic controller is alternatively designed for control of nonlinear systems in Lyapunov sense. Through referencing the statuses of error states and error dynamics, the corresponding fuzzy if–then rules can be constructed based on Lyapunov Stability Theory following the proposed standard design procedure, where simple quadratic form is decided for candidate Lyapunov function. Different from previous research achievements, the resulting controllers are simple constant forces, and for control of two nonlinear systems with different structures, the design procedure is still the same without any further information. Furthermore, appropriate and adjustable control forces with less maximum magnitude are stably supplied through exciting the weighting through the constructed fuzzy if–then rules, which leads the proposed fuzzy logic controllers compensate control system more flexible and in real time. Two examples, control of two identical and different nonlinear systems, are illustrated for simulation examples. In comparison to the previous work, the simulation results reveal the effectiveness, flexibility, as well as convenient design of the proposed method.
Noninvasive ventilation and respiratory physical therapy reduce exercise-induced bronchospasm and pulmonary inflammation in children with asthma: randomized clinical trial
Authors: David Maisi Muniz Cabral , Gomes Evelim Leal de Freitas Dantas , Mello Maryjose Carvalho , Costa Dirceu
Published: June 2018

Background:

Asthma is characterized by hyperresponsiveness of the airways, and exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is a symptom that limits a large proportion of asthmatic patients, especially children. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) leads to a reduction in the reactivity of the airways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of outpatient treatment with CPAP and bilevel pressure combined with respiratory physical therapy for children and adolescents with asthma following bronchial hyperresponsiveness caused by an exercise bronchoprovocation test.

Methods:

A randomized, controlled, blind, clinical trial was conducted involving 68 asthmatic children and adolescents aged 4 to 16 years divided into three groups: G1, treated with bilevel pressure (inspiratory positive airway pressure: 12 cm H2O; expiratory positive airway pressure: 8 cm H2O), G2, treated with CPAP (8 cm H2O) and G3, treated with respiratory muscle training (RMT), considered as the control group. All groups were treated at an outpatient clinic and submitted to 10 1-hour sessions, each of which also included respiratory exercises. Evaluations were performed before and after treatment and involved spirometry, an exercise bronchoprovocation test, respiratory pressures, fraction of nitric oxide (FeNO), the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ6) and anthropometric variables. This study received approval from the local ethics committee (certificate number: 1487225/2016) and is registered with ClinicalTrials [ ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02939625].

Results:

A total of 64 patients concluded the protocol; the mean age of the patients was 10 years. All were in the ideal weight range and had adequate height ( z score: −2 to +2). The three groups demonstrated improved asthma control after the treatments, going from partial to complete control. A significant increase in maximal inspiratory pressure occurred in the three groups, with the greatest increase in the RMT group. A reduction in FeNO in the order of 17.4 parts per billion (effect size: 2.43) and a reduction in bronchial responsiveness on the exercise bronchoprovocation test occurred in the bilevel group. An improvement in FeNO on the order of 15.7 parts per billion (effect size: 2.46) and a reduction in bronchial responsiveness occurred in the CPAP group. No changes in lung function or responsiveness occurred in the RMT group.

Conclusion:

Positive pressure and respiratory exercises were effective in reducing pulmonary inflammation, exercise-innduced bronchoespasm (EIB), and increased the clinical control of asthma, as well as RMT, which also resulted in improved clinical control.
Development and evaluation of the use of an interactive CD-ROM for students at risk of disease related to occupational hazards: The case of asthma/ Développement et évaluation de l'utilisation d'un CD-ROM interactif destiné aux élèves à risque de maladies professionnelles: Le cas de l'asthme professionnel
Authors: Coppieters Yves , Parent Florence , Piette Danielle
Published: June 2018

Within the framework of an informational programme on the risks of asthma associated with certain occupations (hairdresser, carpenter or baker), an interactive CD-ROM was developed for senior students of these professions. Among the schools who benefited from this information, the programme chose three to evaluate. A total of 113 students between the ages of 17 and 20 filled out a questionnaire and participated in a group discussion after the session. All of the students were able to use the programme independently, even though only 48% regularly use a computer. More than 95% of the participants were satisfied with the content, the academic approach proposed and the interactive support, which is flexible and contains a self-test. The students found the CD-ROM to be a more efficient means of retaining information than classic lectures. As for the evaluation of the knowledge acquired on asthma and the workplace, half of the students said they had considerably increased their knowledge on the illness, while 47% only saw a minor increase. This statement was confirmed through the correlation of scores obtained in the pre- and post-programme exams, whose results show a statistically significant increase in knowledge. Despite the academic value the students gave to this type of learning, the advantage of this kind of pedagogical tool are also to be considered given that it is easy for teachers to learn how to use the technology and teach it. Nowadays it is so simple to produce multimedia support for computers, that this method can be easily developed for a target audience and at low cost.