bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FATORES DETERMINANTES DE RISCO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MALFORMAÇÕES CONGÊNITAS.
Authors: Macedo Ana Emília Gomes , Oliveira Clara Sofia da Silva , Brito Danna Carvalho Veiga , Figueira Laura de Freitas , Magalhães Rebeca de Sena , Melo Gabriella Cláudia Figueiredo , Falcão Ingrid Marcelle Lopes , Macedo Caroline Gomes , Pereira Jamille Lorena Oliveira Kzan , Meneses Heloisa do Nascimento de Moura
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Compreender os fatores de risco determinantes para o desenvolvimento de malformações congênitas, visando fornecer uma síntese atualizada e aprofundada da literatura. Além de analisar e avaliar a relação de fatores genéticos e teratogênicos no desenvolvimento das malformações. Metodologia: Foi utilizada a revisão integrativa de literatura, um estudo aprofundado e crítico de materiais já publicados relacionados a malformações congênitas. Resultados e Discussão: o estudo conseguiu alcançar os seus objetivos, expondo artigos que trazem a correlação entre fatores teratogênicos, tais como a influência de agrotóxicos e do Zika vírus, genéticos, como o descobrimento de genes cruciais e condições maternas, como a relação com os patógenos, fatores físicos e psicológicos com as malformações congênitas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que esse estudo trouxe informações necessárias para o entendimento do desenvolvimento de malformações congênitas e seus fatores determinantes, através da exposição de achados importantes verificadas na literatura, portanto, espera-se contribuir para a área científica e para área da saúde.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS IN CANCER PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS: ADVANCES AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Barioni Carina Toledo Scoparo , Wandresen. Renata Paes de Barros , Pereira Lucas Formicoli , Coimbra Amanda Franceschi , Kubo Bárbara Bruna de Araújo Oliveira , Cunha Ricardo Corrêa da
Published: February 2025

Introdução: O câncer é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo, demandando avanços contínuos na detecção precoce e no manejo clínico. A identificação de marcadores de câncer, como biomarcadores genéticos, moleculares, proteicos e de imagem, tem sido fundamental para melhorar o diagnóstico e o tratamento. Além disso, a inteligência artificial (IA) emerge como uma aliada promissora para aprimorar esses processos, trazendo maior precisão e eficiência. Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivos explorar os avanços na identificação e caracterização de marcadores de câncer, investigar o papel da IA na melhoria dos métodos de diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento, e destacar a integração desses elementos para promover abordagens clínicas mais personalizadas e baseadas em evidências. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que biomarcadores genéticos, como mutações em BRCA1/BRCA2, e perfis moleculares têm grande impacto na detecção precoce e na definição de terapias. A IA aprimora a análise de dados complexos, como imagens médicas, identificando padrões sutis e elevando a precisão diagnóstica. Além disso, sua aplicação no planejamento terapêutico permite tratamentos personalizados, otimizando os desfechos. No entanto, desafios como a padronização de dados e a acessibilidade tecnológica devem ser superados para ampliar o impacto dessas inovações. Conclusão: A integração de marcadores de câncer e IA transforma o manejo oncológico, fortalecendo a prevenção, a detecção precoce e o tratamento. Investimentos em pesquisa e tecnologia são essenciais para consolidar esses avanços na prática clínica.
Atividades de capacitação com o teste rápido de HIV por amostra de fluído oral no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Egres Luciana Silveira , Silva Daila Alena Raenck da , Teixeira Luciana Barcellos
Published: February 2025

Este relato é sobre o desenvolvimento e avaliação de ações de capacitação sobre teste rápido de HIV por amostra de fluido oral, em Porto Alegre, na visão de organizadoras das atividades. O projeto partiu de uma iniciativa dos trabalhadores de um Serviço de Atenção Especializada em HIV/Aids, e recebeu financiamento da Organização Pan-americana de Saúde. Foram ofertadas ações de capacitação para o uso da tecnologia, destacando que uma das principais vantagens do teste é não depender de infraestrutura laboratorial. As ações previam uma abordagem sobre prevenção combinada e atenção integral, antes do tema da testagem. As ações foram planejadas alinhadas com a Política Nacional de Educação Permanente. As capacitações foram realizadas em 2021, com 73 turmas, totalizando 674 profissionais de diversos núcleos. Utilizou-se um formulário para avaliação (formulário de reação). A avaliação evidenciou que a capacitação foi plenamente satisfatória. Na avaliação aberta os profissionais manifestaram a necessidade de novas capacitações relacionados ao HIV/Aids. Nosso diário de encerramento das sessões também registrou que duas profissionais que procuraram as organizadoras para relatar que alguns colegas de trabalho não realizaram a capacitação, por medo da testagem ser obrigatória durante a sessão, evidenciando assim a preocupação com o sigilo do diagnóstico. Houve ampla divulgação na rede de saúde que a capacitação não realizava testagens obrigatórias, e os aspectos éticos foram reforçados em todas as sessões. Recomenda-se a continuidade das formações na área, como forma de enfrentamento ao HIV, sobretudo para questões de testagem, sigilo e discriminação.
PROPRIEDADES ANTIOXIDANTE E ANTIBACTERIANA DE ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS SOBRE BACTÉRIAS CONTAMINANTES E LÁCTICAS
Authors: Vieira Paula Karoline Soares , Leite Agda Silene , Soares Letícia Josyane Ferreira , Fonseca Viviane Soares , Pereira Èryka Jovânia , Bicalho Juliano Magno de Valadares , Durães Renata Ribeiro , Sales Marinilza Soares Mota , Oliveira Fabíola Belkìss Santos de , Almeida Anna Christina de
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: avaliar a atividade antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf, Lippia alba (Mill.) NE Brown. e Syzygium aromaticum frente bactérias patogênicas de importância em doenças de origem, bem como o efeito sobre bactérias lácticas e a atividade antioxidante destes óleos. Métodos: foram realizadas três etapas, sendo elas: a abtenção dos óleos essenciais; a atividade antioxidante e a atividade antibacteriana. Resultados: Os compostos majoritários presentes nos três óleos em estudo indicam uma boa qualidade dos óleos por serem responsáveis pela atividade antioxidade e antimicrobiana. O monoterpeno oxigenado eugenol (79,41%) foi o composto predominante na espécie Syzygium aromaticum. Para a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf. foram observados inibição nas bactérias testadas. Conclusão: os óleos essenciais de Cymbopogon citratus, Lippia alba (Mill.) NE Brown. e Syzygium aromaticum apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana com efeito frente as bactérias patogênicas Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, a cultura mista de Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus e Streptococcus thermophilus (YF-L903). A diferença nas concentrações de óleo para exercer efeito inibitório ou bactericida frente às diferentes bactérias, permite inferir que é possível utilizar estes óleos em concentrações que exerçam efeito conservante sobre bactérias patogênicas sem interferir com atividade benéfica das culturas láticas. O óleo essencial de Syzygium aromaticum apresentou forte atividade antioxidante nas condições deste estudo.
Molecular mechanisms by which ClbA, ClbB and ClbQ genes component of colibactin contribute to Escherichia coli-induced colorectal tumorigenesis
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Iraq, Khamees Ahmed Saadoon , Abdul-Hussien Zainab Radhi ,   Department of Pathological Analyses, College of Science, University of Basrah, Iraq, Al-Hilfi Ali Dawood ,   Gastroenterology Hospital, Basrah Health Department, Iraq
Published: February 2025

Background. The importance of Escherichia coli bacteria is highlighted by being a pathogen and encoding genes that produce toxins that contribute to the occurrence of tumors in colon and rectal cancer. Aim of study. Molecular detection of the most important genes produced by Escherichia coli bacteria and their role in causing colon and rectal tumors. Methods. 80 different samples were collected from patients with colon and rectal cancer and were clinically examined in the endoscopy unit inside Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital in Basra Governorate during the period from March 2022 to December 2023. Results. Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated and diagnosed and were molecularly diagnosed by 16S rRNA sequencing. As for the genes ClbA, ClbB, and ClbQ, they were diagnosed using special primers and real-time PCR technology. CT values showed gene expression for all genes at high levels among infected individuals and lower than in the group of healthy individuals and were not detected in the second group of healthy individuals. Conclusion. The results revealed a frequency of Escherichia. coli in infected individuals, accompanied by an increased expression of the virulence genes CblA, ClbB and ClbQ that encode colibactin. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed these results.
Crack Inspection on a Mosque by using Visual Inspection Method
Authors: Mohamad Nor Aiza Erme , Tuan Chik Tuan Norhayati , Tengku Mohd Adzim Tengku Nor Natasya , Rusidi Muhammad Azizi Yusri , Mulyani Rini
Published: February 2025

One common issue that is often observed in old buildings is the presence of defects, such as cracks. The presence of this crack poses a potential threat to the safety of individuals within the community throughout their use of the mosque. Therefore, this research aims to examine the cracks observed by using visual inspection method at Masjid Jamek Kampung Bindu, Batu Pahat through the utilisation of descriptive analysis. The ultimate objective is to provide support and guidance to the mosque management in developing effective strategies for improving these issues. The process of building inspection includes the inside as well as the outside areas of the mosque. The visual inspection method involves the utilisation of measurement instruments, such as a ruler and taper gauge, to assess and evaluate the characteristics and dimensions of a given object or component. The findings indicate that there are a total of 10 cracks observed within the mosque, while an equal number of cracks, 10, are also present outside the mosque. The crack width data has been examined and presented in tabular format, providing an analysis of several aspects such as crack types, crack classification, and the categorization of visible damage. The conclusion drawn is that all objectives were accomplished through the implementation of visual inspection and analysis. The cracks identified were categorised as three horizontal cracks, 11 vertical fractures, and six diagonal cracks. Therefore, a mitigation report has been submitted to the mosque committee for the next step, which is the maintenance progress.
Influenced Nano and Micro Powder on Electrode Wear Rate in Electric Discharge Machining Process with RSM
Authors: Mousa Shakir M. , Aghdeab Shukry H.
Published: February 2025

Electric discharge machining (EDM) is considered one of the most favoured machining processes to produce many press tools and dies because of its good capability to manufacture complicated different shapes and machinability of very brittle and hard materials. This method has enabled the machining of all electrical conducting material. The method removes any metal with sparks that can be generated between the workpiece and the electrode tool. The material of electrode tool made of graphite or copper gradually makes the bore or cavity which is a like mirror image of the shape of the die tool. Therefore, is no any direct contact in the midst the surface of specimen and the electrode tool. Through the dielectric and by servo mechanism we can be controlled distance and the sparks flow at fluid. In this method, suitable the matter materials in Nano-grain powder are mixed together with the dielectric fluid. The same quantity percentage of transformer oil liquid and Nano and micro size graphite powder was mixed with utilized as the dielectric fluid in this study. This search goal is to analyse the response to some method variables parameters like current, Nano-powder focusing, pulse off time and pulse on the period especially in manufacturing (HSS) on the electrode wear rate (EWR). As maximum possible (EWR) was (36.890) mm3/min acquired at a Nano-powder focusing of pulse off time (55) µs (10)g/l, current (30)A and pulse on time (70) µs Empirical models are developed for TWR utilizing the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression models. The end results show that the suggested operation displayed an electrode wear rate 3.015 times greater than that of without putting Nano-powder. The proposed operation showed an increase amounting (EWR) by 66.84%.
Experimental Mechanical Testing on Signal Warning Detection (SWAD) System
Authors: Mohammad Hisyammuden Muhammad Syahmi , Hassan Suhaimi , Zakaria Syazwan , Mustaffa Musfirah , Jumari Mohamad Zhairul Iqumal , Mat Nadir Mohamad Amirul , Mohd Yusof Norbazlan , Ikhsan Mohamad Shah , Ismon Maznan , Zakaria Hanis , Marwah Omar Mohd Faizan , Yusof Mohd Sallehuddin , Azmi Mohd Azham , Sies Mohamad Farid , Mohd Zahir Mohd Suhel , Faizal Hanin Auni
Published: February 2025

The research study was carried out for the safety of road workers in order to avoid incidents or hazards in the direct emergency line on the highway through the implementation of a danger detection sensor device. The distance sensor detected the object or dangerous vehicle from behind at a certain distance and sent the signal output via the siren device and emergency light, which were mounted at the maintenance vehicle. In additional, the device sent signal to the receiver to alert the employee about danger situation by vibrating the vibrator motor that installed at the worker’s arm. In this study, further details on effectiveness of reliability test on the transmitter and receiver of Signal Warning Detection (SWAD) System was discussed. This experimental study was done to find the best parameter setting due to the effectiveness before the device was approved to use for highway maintenance worker. SWAD system had been succesfully developed in detecting the dangerous situation for maintenance highway worker for their safety working enviroment.
Investigation of the Estuarine Salinity-Morphology Characteristics Effects
Authors: Shahrulnizam Nurul Shafiqah , Haron Nuryazmeen Farhan , Mohd Ali Siti Nurhayati , Romali Noor Suraya , Ibrahim Saerahany Legori , Sediqi Mohammad Naser , Jumain Mazlin , Ibrahim Zulkiflee
Published: February 2025

Estuaries, where freshwater rivers meet ocean saltwater, are vital coastal ecosystems characterized by water layer stratification. Human activities, including dredging, industrial waste disposal and coastal development, disrupt estuarine dynamics, leading to altered salinity levels and ecological threats. Sudden salinity changes, often driven by these activities, jeopardize estuarine species adapted to specific salinity conditions, potentially causing biodiversity decline and ecosystem collapse. This research focuses on two cases: Case 1 examines an unaltered estuary, replicating natural conditions, while Case 2 introduces a constriction pattern mimicking real-world estuaries influenced by geological or human-made features. Systematic salinity monitoring along multiple stations, including longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions, reveals a significant correlation between estuary shape and salinity distribution. In Case 2, a central constriction substantially impacts saltwater and freshwater mixing time, resulting in downstream salinity variations. These findings have broader implications, informing environmental conservation, climate adaptation, resource management and infrastructure design. Additionally, they advance fluid dynamics and environmental science, potentially fostering innovation across disciplines. In summary, this research offers practical solutions for the preservation and sustainable development of estuarine ecosystems.
Optimisation of Structural Design in Benchtop CNC Milling Machines for Enhanced Performance and Efficiency
Authors: Abd Rahman Zammeri , Mohamed Saiful Bahri , Minhat Mohamad , Kasim Mohd Shahir , Abd Rahman Zulkifli , Rohimi Razwan , Taufik Nur Hanis Hidayah , Putra Wawan Trisnadi
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the design and optimisation of a cost-effective benchtop three-axis CNC milling machine aimed at improving performance and precision. Beginning with a conservative design, topology optimisation using Altair SolidThinking Inspire software was employed. Static and modal analyses revealed significant improvements in the optimised structure's integrity and dynamic performance, confirmed through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and impact hammer tests. The machine features affordable components and standard PC interfaces, ensuring high performance while maintaining low costs. Accuracy tests, including circularity and straightness assessments, identified optimal spindle speeds and feed rates for precision machining. The optimised design showed reduced static displacement and enhanced vibration resistance, ensuring reliable operations. This CNC milling machine, suitable for educational and small-scale manufacturing environments, offers a compact, affordable and user-friendly tool for teaching CNC operations and programming. The study highlights the importance of structural optimisation in CNC machine design, demonstrating notable performance gains through advanced engineering.
Multiplane vs. Single-Plane FDM Printing: A Study on Mechanical and Physical Properties of the PET-G
Authors: Mogan Jayabharty , Wan Harun Wan Sharuzi , Samykano Mahendran , Kadirgama Kumaran , Alkahari Mohd Rizal , Ramasamy Devarajan , Ahmad Faiz
Published: February 2025

The dynamic landscape of additive manufacturing is rapidly evolving, with the fusion of fused deposition modelling (FDM) and multiplane printing emerging as a transformative technique for creating intricate 3D PET-G components. Utilizing a cutting-edge gantry-style FDM apparatus, this comprehensive research endeavour centred on the fabrication and subsequent meticulous evaluation of multiplane samples. These were contrasted against their single-plane counterparts, focusing on pivotal metrics such as tensile strength, flexural resilience, and inherent material density. The findings were enlightening: Multiplane samples exhibited marked superiority in tensile attributes, whereas the single-plane samples displayed pronounced advantages in flexural strength and overall density. Such distinct variations offer profound insights into the overarching influence of multiplane printing techniques within FDM processes. This investigative foray not only underscores the vast potentialities of multiplane printing but also signals its instrumental role in heralding future innovations within the expansive and multifaceted domain of additive manufacturing.
Enhancing Dynamic Behaviour of Exhaust Structure by Reconfiguration the Hanger Locations using Updated FE Model with Joint Modelling Strategy
Authors: Mohd Sani Mohd Shahrir , Mohd Fouzi Mohd Sahril , Rusli Meifal
Published: February 2025

This paper presents numerical analysis study in enhancing the dynamic behaviour of exhaust structure through reconfiguration the hanger locations using reliable Finite Element (FE) model. The main objective of this study is to reduce the original amplitude (displacement) of test structure by relocating the hanger position. Initially, the test structure has been modelled with joint modelling strategy using existed element connectors in Finite Element Analysis (FEA) package, MSC. Patran such as CELAS, CBAR, CBEAM, and RBE2 to replicate welded joint in the FE model. Since FEA is a numerical prediction method which used the assumption and simplification during pre-processing stage, thus it’s required to be validated with its measured test data through correlation process. This measured test data was acquired from Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA). Validation process between FEA and EMA showed that CBAR element connector is feasible to replicate welded joint in the FE model with 4.10 % of percentage error compared to the other element connectors. This FE model with CBAR element connector then treated with FE model updating technique to improve the agreement between numerical prediction result with its measured test data. The FE model updating technique has been implemented to alter certain dynamic properties with the assistance of design optimisation SOL200 function which available in MSC. Nastran. The discrepancy between numerical prediction and its measured test data successfully reduced from 4.10 % to 3.74 %. Next, the updated FE model has been used in final action of this study which is reconfiguration of hanger locations in enhancing dynamic behaviour of test structure. There are about 35 case studies with different configuration of hanger locations were analysed using modal frequency response analysis SOL111 in MSC. Nastran. From this analysis it showed that case study no. 9 has the smallest displacement with 0.77 mm compared to the others case study while its original hanger location has recorded 17 mm of displacement. This proposed method in this study is feasible to be implemented for different type of exhaust structure since it’s more economic compared to field testing method which consumed more time, effort, and expenditure.
Evaluation of Yield Strength Under Small Punch Loading with Different Specimen Thicknesses
Authors: Ferdous Imam Ul , Alang Nasrul Azuan , Alias Juliawati , Ab. Razak Norhaida , Abu Samah Zureena
Published: February 2025

Distinguished by its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, Small Punch Test (SPT) enables the evaluation of different types of materials with reliable determination of their mechanical properties. In this study, the yield strength of Grade 91 steel is evaluated under the influence of different thicknesses involving three different yield loads (Py). A small punch finite element modelling approach was employed to examine the load-displacement (L-D) relationship of the Grade 91 steel. Different empirical relationships were used to determine the dependence of yield strength on specimen thickness. To determine the optimum specimen thickness, the yield load (Py) and the derived material correlation parameter  were considered. Taking these factors into account, the recommended specimen thickness was determined. The predicted yield strength showed that the material correlation coefficient (α) strongly depends on the material and specimen’s thickness. The study found a range of 0.31≤ α ≤ 0.48 for Grade 91 steel. It was also found that the range for the appropriate specimen thickness for SPT is 0.4 mm - 0.75 mm.
Predicting Embedded Crack Growth Behaviour using S-version Finite Element Method of AlSi10Mg Material
Authors: Tan Sze Pei , Kana Stephanie George , Shaari Mohd Shamil , Takahashi Akiyuki , Mohd Romlay Mohd Akramin
Published: February 2025

Cracks in materials may propagate at random behaviour and speed, eventually leading to catastrophic failure. For the characteristic of an embedded crack can be predicted using fracture mechanics. In this research, we employed an S-version finite element method (S-version FEM) to model and predict the crack growth behaviour of AlSi10Mg material produced using the powder-bed laser-fused method. The S-version FEM utilizes the mesh superimposed technique with a global-local mesh applied to the model. The simulation results computed the crack behaviour based on Paris' law approach, considering the stress intensity factor (SIF). Subsequently, the SIF results were evaluated using the virtual crack closure method (VCCM). A three-dimensional embedded crack was modelled within the local mesh. In order to anticipate how AlSi10Mg behaves when it undergoes crack propagation, the S-version FEM analysis was simulated for three different aspect ratios upon to the initial crack sizes. Then, the SIF results compared to an analytical solution. The embedded crack growth behaviour exhibited a significant level of agreement and accuracy, with observed that is a highly precise root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.01 for an aspect ratio of 1.0. Meanwhile, the remaining values were 0.368 and 0.321 for 0.5 and 2.0 aspect ratios, respectively. Hence, the S-version FEM approach was thus highly successful in accurately determining the growth behaviour of embedded crack.
Spectral Analysis of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor on Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Authors: Loman Miminorazeansuhaila , Zohari Mohamad Hafizi , Lamin Fauziana
Published: February 2025

An effective technique must be utilized to monitor composites' health as its application in engineering constructions grows to avoid sudden failure as it degrades. In line with that, this study analyses the progress of fatigue strain on GFRP specimens during fatigue tests using the FBG wavelength shifts parameter. Its purpose was to monitor the FBG wavelength shifts during three stages of fatigue test. Fatigue test specimens were firstly fabricated using the hand layup technique. Tensile and fatigue tests were conducted on the fabricated GFRP specimens. The FBG wavelength spectrums were acquired using the FBG sensor during the fatigue test of each specimen at 40% stress amplitudes. Spectral analysis was then carried out to characterize the FBG spectrum as the fatigue failure progresses. As a result, the FBG wavelength shifted each time the stress amplitudes were applied to the GFRP fatigue test specimen. The GFRP specimen that was applied with 40% of the ultimate stress was presented. These shifts and changes were observed at the early, middle, and final stages of the fatigue test. Wavelength shifts were not obvious in the early stage but abrupt in the middle and final stage of fatigue test of the GFRP specimen.
Wettability of Laser Surface Modified Soda Lime Silica Glass
Authors: Mohamad Tahir Abdul Fattah , Khairul Azman Nur Najwa , Syed Ahmad Syarifah Nur Aqida , Ismail Izwan
Published: February 2025

Transformation of hydrophilic Soda Lime Glass (SLS) into hydrophobic glass without using any chemical processing has been a major setback in surface modification. This paper studies the effect of laser processing parameters in transforming the glass wettability using a 50 W fibre laser with a variation in hatch spacing, hatch style, scanning speed and frequency. A Design of Experiment (DOE) methodology was applied with a total of 28 runs to evaluate the water contact angle using the sessile drop method. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to study each factor’s contribution to the response. The result shows that hatching style and spacing are the most crucial factors in determining the water contact angle, followed by speed and frequency. It is found that hatch spacing and style contributed approximately 28% and 9%, respectively, to the contact angle and wettability transformation. Negative interaction between hatch spacing and water contact angle concluded this study with cross-hatch is better than line hatch. Meanwhile, cross-type hatch produced better outcomes on contact angle than line hatch. The findings are significant to designing self-cleaning glass surfaces for applications like solar panels and high-rise building glass windows.
Paper Waste Co-Digestion, Combined Milling, and Hydrothermal Pretreatment for Improved Biogas Production
Authors: Utibe Ofon  , Uduak Ndubuisi-Nnaji  , Anthony Adegoke  , Favour Jackson  , Mboutidem Ekaette
Published: February 2025

This research, conducted in two experiments, focused on the effect of co-digestion and combined hydrothermal with milling pretreatment of paper waste (PW) and chicken manure (CM) on biogas production. In the first experiment, three reactors labeled B-D contained varying ratios of the feedstock (4:1, 3:2, 1:1) with control reactors A and E respectively containing milled paper waste (MPW) and chicken manure (CM) alone were prepared and assessed for biogas production. In the second experiment, the optimum co-digested mixture (reactor D) with a ratio of 1:1 and cumulative biogas volume (633.5mL/gVS) was selected from the first experiment and duplicated (reactor F) for the hydrothermal pretreatment. All digesters were operated at a temperature of 45oC for 32 days. The results revealed that reactor F, which contained the hydrothermally pretreated paper waste, showed a significant cumulative biogas yield of 1095.5 mL/gVS which was 1.7 times higher, surpassing control reactor D with a yield of 633.5 mL/gVS. Bacterial isolates present in the substrates and inoculum belonged to the following genera: Staphylococcus (50%), Lactobacillus (22.2%), Micrococcus (16.7%), and Bacillus (11.1%). The research outcome showed that co-digestion combined with hydrothermal pretreatment method led to enhanced biogas production. These results highlight how creative pretreatment methods can optimize waste-to-energy operations, supporting both renewable energy production and sustainable waste management.
Approbation of the Methodology "Scale for Cognitive Status Assessment of the After-Stroke Patients with Speech Disorders"
Authors: Kotelnikova Anastasia V. , Pogonchenkova Irena V. , Titova Anna V , Kostenko Elena V. , Petrova Liudmila V.
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION. The development of a screening tool for diagnosing cognitive status in stroke patients with speech disorders is an urgent problem of rehabilitation.
AIM. To develop and validate a screening diagnostic technique for the cognitive status of patients after ischemic stroke with speech disorders.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. The methodology "Scale for cognitive status assessment of the after-stroke patients with speech disorders" (ShKSPIR) was evaluated by a retrospective clinical and statistical analysis of 7814 patient medical histories, 1916 of which were patients with speech disorders due to ischemic stroke in the period up to 1 year: average age 66.5 ± 11.3 years, 843 (44.0 %) women, 1073 (56.0 %) men. Psychometric characteristics were studied in 147 patients (age — 63.0 ± 8.0 years, 26 (57.8 %) women, 19 (42.2 %) men), 40 patients of them (27.2 %) had speech disorders. The prognostic assessment, practical significance and competitive validity of the methodology were studied by comparing the results obtained with the data of the methodology with known psychometric characteristics ("Brief neuropsychological examination of the cognitive sphere").
RESULTS. Satisfactory psychometric characteristics of the technique have been proven: substantive and constructive validity, synchronous reliability, discriminativeness. The non-orthogonality of the three-factor structure explaining 55 % of the variance of the original data matrix is discussed. The practical significance is investigated and the high competitive validity of the tested methodology is shown. The standardization of indicators was carried out in accordance with the quantitative determinant of the ICF.
CONCLUSION. In the process of testing the ShKSPIR methodology, test standards have been developed and standardized. The technique can be used for screening assessment of the cognitive status of stroke patients with speech disorders, while planning individual rehabilitation programs.
Mensch-Umweltbeziehungen zwischen 4000 und 2200 cal BC
Authors: Diers Sarah
Published: February 2025

Die neuen Ausgrabungen neolithischer Großsteingräber bei Lüdelsen (Altmark) haben wichtige Erkenntnisse nicht nur zur Biographie dieser rituellen Plätze und Gräber, sondern für die gesamte tiefstichkeramische Entwicklung
erbracht. Sarah Diers stellt im vorliegenden Buch die paläoökologischen Daten zu den Grabungen vor und analysiert anhand mehrerer Pollenprofile aus Mooren der Altmark die Umweltentwicklung zwischen etwa 4000 und 2200
v. u. Z. Es gelingt erstmals, Charakter und Ausmaß des menschlichen Einflusses auf die Umwelt der Altmark im Neolithikum zu enträtseln. Wir erkennen darüber hinaus den starken Zusammenhang zwischen Umwelt und
Gesellschaft im Neolithikum.
Game Edukasi Multimedia Pengenalan Nama Hewan untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam Bahasa Sunda
Authors: SM N. Nelis Febriani , Nugraha Muhammad Rizky , Wijaksana Ardiansyah , Nurdin Arif Muhamad
Published: February 2025

Bahasa Sunda sudah diperkenalkan mulai dari tingkat sekolah dasar, khususnya pada pembelajaran mengetahui keanekaragaman hewan. Namun, metode konvensional yang masih dominan sering membuat siswa merasa bosan dan kurang memahami bahasa Sunda. Jika tidak segera diatasi, penggunaan bahasa Sunda berpotensi terus menurun. Diperlukan inovasi berbasis teknologi untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang lebih menarik dan efektif guna melestarikan bahasa dan budaya lokal, salah satu solusinya adalah menggunakan game dalam rangka pengenalan nama hewan dalam bahasa Sunda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Aplikasi game edukasi ini dibuat menggunakan construct 2 dengan bantuan aplikasi Cubase, Coreldraw sebagai pembuatan icon serta mixing audio. Game ini dirancang untuk mengenalkan nama hewan dalam Bahasa Sunda dengan tampilan menarik dan interaktif. Hasil pengujian blackbox menunjukkan bahwa semua fungsi dalam game berjalan baik. Selain itu, hasil evaluasi menunjukkan rata-rata nilai siswa adalah 8,4. Game ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan minat belajar sekaligus melestarikan bahasa Sunda.
Pengaruh Perencanaan Pajak, Beban Pajak Tangguhan, Aset Pajak Tangguhan, Dan Komisaris Independen Terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Ramadhina Nurlaily , Tri Utami
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of Tax Planning, Deferred Tax Expenses, Deferred Tax Assets, and Independent Commissioners on Profit Management in Energy Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the period from 2018 to 2023. This study utilizes secondary data, specifically the annual financial reports of the companies. It employs a quantitative research approach. The total population consists of 87 companies in the energy sector, with purposive sampling as the chosen method. The study uses a sample of 15 companies over a 6-year observation period, resulting in a total of 90 observation objects. The analysis technique applied in this research is panel data regression analysis, utilizing the common effect regression model. Data processing was carried out using Eviews version 13 and Microsoft Office Excel. The findings indicate that tax planning, deferred tax expenses, deferred tax assets, and independent commissioners have a simultaneous effect on earnings management. Specifically, tax planning does not influence earnings management, deferred tax expenses also do not impact earnings management, deferred tax assets do influence earnings management, and independent commissioners have no effect on earnings management.
Investigating the influence of urban green spaces on urban heat island mitigation – taking four districts in Shijiazhuang as an example
Authors: Zhang Nan , Ding Qiuning , Wang Haitao
Published: February 2025

The primary objective of this scholarly investigation is to elucidate the intricate interplay between the urban heat island (UHI) effect and municipal green spaces. The geographical focus includes the four areas with the highest urbanization rate in Shijiazhuang, China. To conduct this survey, ECOSTRESS remote sensing imagery was acquired during distinct temporal intervals–morning, midday, and evening. The data were collected using the equal-scale city blocks performed by the OpenStreetMap urban network and ECOSTRESS remote sensing images at different times (morning, noon and evening). Surface temperature inversion of satellite images was performed using ArcGIS 10.7 software to obtain surface temperature. The overarching aim was to discern the nuanced impact of urban parks on the surface temperatures of their proximate environs during the summer season. The findings of this investigation revealed that, in order to effectively ameliorate the discernible heat island effect (SUH), rejuvenation initiatives ought to be directed toward sites maintaining a distance from green spaces within the range of 160 to 370 meters. Furthermore, augmentation of green space configurations is recommended in vicinities characterized by building densities falling within the range of 0.2 to 0.3. Notably, in locales marked by high building density, park layouts should adhere to a more regularized design during the renovation process. Additionally, it is advisable to ensure that the spatial separation between distinct urban parks exceeds 900 meters. These empirical insights are poised to enhance the comprehension of urban planners regarding the intricate dynamics through which urban parks exert influence on municipal surface temperatures. Furthermore, the discerned patterns furnish pragmatic guidance for mitigating the heat island effect, thereby offering invaluable recommendations for urban planning endeavors.
The Magnetic Origin of the Mystery of Rare Hα Moreton Waves
Authors: Zhong Ze , Chen Yao , Ni Y. W. , Chen P. F. , Zheng Ruisheng , Kong Xiangliang , Li Chuan
Published: February 2025

Over the past three decades, a lot of coronal fast-mode waves have been detected by space missions, but their counterparts in the chromosphere, called Moreton waves, have rarely been captured. How this happens remains a mystery. Here, to shed light on this problem, we investigate the photospheric vector magnetograms of the Moreton-wave events associated with M- and X-class solar flares during 2010–2023. The Hα data are taken with the Global Oscillation Network Group and the Chinese Hα Solar Explorer. Our statistical results show that more than 80% of the events occur at the edges of active regions and propagate nonradially, due to asymmetric magnetic fields above the flares. According to the reconstructed magnetic field and atmospheric model, Moreton waves propagate in the direction along which the horizontal fast-mode wave speed drops the fastest. This result supports the inclined magnetic configuration of the eruption being crucial for generating Moreton waves, even for X-class flares. It may explain the low occurrence rate of Moreton waves and why some X-class flares accompanied with coronal mass ejections do not generate Moreton waves.
A 22 Billion M⊙ Black Hole in Holmberg 15A with Keck KCWI Spectroscopy and Triaxial Orbit Modeling
Authors: Liepold Emily R. , Ma Chung-Pei , Walsh Jonelle L.
Published: February 2025

Holmberg 15A (H15A), the brightest cluster galaxy of A85, has an exceptionally low central surface brightness even among local massive elliptical galaxies with distinct stellar cores, making it exceedingly challenging to obtain high-quality spectroscopy to detect a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at its center. Aided by the superb sensitivity and efficiency of KCWI at the Keck II Telescope, we have obtained spatially resolved stellar kinematics over a ∼100″ × 100″ contiguous field of H15A for this purpose. The velocity field exhibits a low-amplitude (∼20 km s−1) rotation along a kinematic axis that is prominently misaligned from the photometric major axis, a strong indicator that H15A is triaxially shaped with unequal lengths for the three principal axes. Using 2500 observed kinematic constraints, we perform extensive calculations of stellar orbits with the triaxial Schwarzschild code, TriOS, and search over ∼40,000 galaxy models to simultaneously determine the mass and intrinsic 3D shape parameters of H15A. We determine a ratio of p = 0.89 for the middle-to-long principal axes and q = 0.65 for the short-to-long principal axes. Our best estimate of the SMBH mass,

M

BH

=
(
2.1

6

−
0.18

+
0.23

)
×
1

0

10

M

⊙

, makes H15A—along with NGC 4889—the galaxy hosting the most massive SMBHs known in the local Universe. Both SMBHs lie significantly above the mean M
BH–σ scaling relation. Repeating the orbit modeling with the axisymmetrized version of TriOS produces worse fits to the KCWI kinematics and increases M
BH to (2.55 ± 0.20) × 1010
M
⊙, which is still significantly below the M
BH = (4.0 ± 0.8) × 1010
M
⊙ reported in a prior axisymmetric study of H15A.
Systematic Search for Long-term Trends in Fermi-LAT Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Peñil P. , Domínguez A. , Buson S. , Ajello M. , Adhikari S. , Rico A.
Published: February 2025

Jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN) exhibit variability across a wide range of timescales. Traditionally, this variability can often be modeled well as a stochastic process. However, in certain cases, jetted AGN variability displays regular patterns, enabling us to conduct investigations aimed at understanding its origins. Additionally, a novel type of variability has emerged in jetted AGN light curves, specifically, the observation of a long-term trend characterized by a linear increase of the flux with time in blazars such as PG 1553+113, which is among the objects most likely to display periodic behavior. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic search for long-term trends, spanning ≈10 yr, utilizing 12 yr of Fermi-LAT observations. The study is focused on detecting the presence of linear or quadratic long-term trends in a sample of 3308 jetted AGN. Our analysis has identified 40 jetted AGN that exhibit long-term trends, each with distinct properties, which we also characterize in this study. These long-term trends may originate from the dynamics of a supermassive black hole binary system, or they could be the result of intrinsic phenomena within the jet itself. Our findings can help in addressing questions pertaining to the astrophysical origins of variability and periodicity within jetted AGN.
Autoencoder Reconstruction of Cosmological Microlensing Magnification Maps
Authors: Khakpash Somayeh , Bianco Federica B. , Vernardos Georgios , Dobler Gregory , Keeton Charles
Published: February 2025

Enhanced modeling of microlensing variations in light curves of strongly lensed quasars improves measurements of cosmological time delays, the Hubble Constant, and quasar structure. Traditional methods for modeling extragalactic microlensing rely on computationally expensive magnification map generation. With large data sets expected from wide-field surveys like the Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time, including thousands of lensed quasars and hundreds of multiply imaged supernovae, faster approaches become essential. We introduce a deep-learning model that is trained on pre-computed magnification maps covering the parameter space on a grid of κ, γ, and s. Our autoencoder creates a low-dimensional latent space representation of these maps, enabling efficient map generation. Quantifying the performance of magnification map generation from a low dimensional space is an essential step in the roadmap to develop neural network-based models that can replace traditional feed-forward simulation at much lower computational costs. We develop metrics to study various aspects of the autoencoder generated maps and show that the reconstruction is reliable. Even though we observe a mild loss of resolution in the generated maps, we find this effect to be smaller than the smoothing effect of convolving the original map with a source of a plausible size for its accretion disk in the red end of the optical spectrum and larger wavelengths and particularly one suitable for studying the broad-line region of quasars. Used to generate large samples of on-demand magnification maps, our model can enable fast modeling of microlensing variability in lensed quasars and supernovae.
Hybrid Simulations of Interstellar Pickup Ions at the Solar Wind Termination Shock Revisited
Authors: Giacalone Joe , Kornbleuth M. , Opher M. , Gkioulidou M. , Köta J. , Puzzoni E. , Richardson J. D. , Zank G. P.
Published: February 2025

We revisit previous hybrid simulations of the heating and acceleration of interstellar pickup ions (PUIs) at the solar wind termination shock. In previous simulations, a relatively cold initial distribution of PUIs was assumed; and while the resulting shock-heated distribution was consistent with Voyager 2 LECP measurements at about 30 keV, the intensity of the distribution downstream of the shock in the ~1–10 keV energy range was lower than predictions based on analysis of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer-Hi and Cassini's Ion and Neutral Camera. Here we perform new simulations with more realistic initial PUI distributions. We assume the distribution is a partially filled spherical shell in velocity space with a radius that varies from 320 to 640 km s−1. We then use the distributions downstream of the shock from these new simulations to estimate the ENA flux spectrum and compare with observations. We find that the predicted ENA spectrum from the new simulations much better matches the observations over a broad range of energies. We conclude that the hybrid simulations provide reasonable predictions for the distribution of charged particles in the energy range from ~0.5 to 50 keV.
Sodomythes, homosexualité et valeur de la vie. Les limites de la « restauration de la dignité » au lendemain du coup d’État au Gabon
Authors: Tonda Mahéba
Published: February 2025

La notion de sodomythes définie ici permet de saisir l’homophobie telle qu’elle s’exprime à Libreville après le coup d’État et les accusations de pédérastie visant le régime déchu. Réduisant les homosexuels au mythe de leur béance anale menaçant l’ordre social et le « développement » du pays, ces discours insistent sur la re-pénalisation de l’homosexualité, dans la perspective de « restauration de la dignité » annoncée par les militaires. L’analyse montre pourtant que cette position est le pendant de celle qu’elle incrimine, c’est-à-dire d’un pouvoir qui aurait valorisé l’homosexualité pour plaire à l’Occident, de telle sorte que toutes les deux traduisent la violence inscrite dans la définition sociale de la valeur de la vie des homosexuels, et illustrent la manière dont opère, dans ce contexte, la logique de la « valeur-dissociation » capitaliste.
Usages et mésusages du droit au Gabon depuis le magistère d’Ali Bongo Ondimba
Authors: Emane Augustin
Published: February 2025

Le coup d’État du 30 août 2023, qui a mis fin à la fois à un processus électoral « tronqué » et à un régime en place depuis 56 ans, est, d’un point de vue juridique, un acte illégal. Si cette prise de pouvoir par la force a été dénoncée et condamnée par différentes institutions et partenaires du Gabon, l’opinion publique nationale l’a plutôt plébiscitée. Pour comprendre ce paradoxe, il faut s’arrêter sur ce que cet événement a donné à voir. Vu de l’extérieur, le Gabon présentait la façade formelle d’un État de droit, alors que l’intérieur de l’édifice, à l’abri des regards, donnait lieu à toutes les manipulations possibles et imaginables du droit.
« Faire le pont entre la rue et le pouvoir » ou le difficile équilibre de l’engagement des artistes de zouglou en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Montaz Léo
Published: February 2025

Depuis le début des années 1990, les artistes de musique zouglou traversent les mouvements sociaux et les crises politiques en Côte d’Ivoire en s’affirmant comme « le pont entre la rue et le pouvoir ». Leur engagement interroge cependant par son ambiguïté lorsqu’une partie d’entre eux soutient ouvertement le régime en place durant la crise ivoirienne de 2002 à 2007 ou refuse de se prononcer face aux dérives du régime de Ouattara ces dernières années. En analysant les configurations successives des rapports entre industrie musicale, caste politique et contexte social des années 1990 à aujourd’hui, cet article tente de comprendre la manière dont s’arrange l’engagement artistique et montre que ce dernier est largement corrélé aux conditions de production et de distribution.
La certification des comptes des collectivités : quelles finalités ?
Authors: Guyon Laurent
Published: February 2025

La certification des comptes permet de garantir que les comptes présentés par une organisation sont réguliers, sincères et donnent une image fidèle de leurs résultats et de leur patrimoine. Si les objectifs font consensus, il est toutefois permis de se demander s’ils ne pourraient pas être remplis à moindre coûts par d’autres méthodes et si ce dispositif ne risque pas de conduire sans débats démocratiques et sans évaluation préalable à une remise en cause profonde et irréversible de la conception française des finances publiques.