bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facilitators, barriers and strategies for health-system guidance implementation: a critical interpretive synthesis protocol
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhu Ying , Xie Shitong , Kibria Mohammad Golam , Guo Qiangqiang , Belal Ahmed Atef , Li Yanfei , Zhang Jingyi , Chen Yaolong , Schünemann Holger J. , Wilson Michael G. , Yang Kehu , Lavis John N.
Published: September 2022

Background

As systematically developed statements regarding possible courses of action, health system guidance (HSG) can assist with making decisions about addressing problems or achieving goals in health systems. However, there are conceptual and methodological challenges in HSG implementation due to the complexity of health-system policy-making, the diversity of available evidence and vast differences in contexts. To address these gaps, we aim to develop a theoretical framework for supporting HSG implementation as part of a broader effort to promote evidence-informed policy-making in health systems.

Methods

To develop a theoretical framework about facilitators, barriers and strategies for HSG implementation, we will apply a critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) approach to synthesize the findings from a range of relevant literature. We will search 11 electronic databases and seven organizational websites to identify relevant published and grey literature. We will check the references of included studies and contact experts to identify additional eligible papers. Finally, we will conduct purposively sampling of the literature to fill any identified conceptual gaps. We will use relevance and five quality criteria to assess included papers. A standardized form will be developed for extracting information. We will use an interpretive analytic approach to synthesize the findings, including a constant comparative method throughout the analysis. Two independent reviewers will conduct the literature screening and relevance assessment, and disagreements will be resolved through discussion. The principal investigator will conduct data extraction and synthesis, and a second reviewer will check the sample of extracted data for consistency and accuracy.

Discussion

A new theoretical framework about facilitators, barriers and strategies for HSG implementation will be developed using a CIS approach. The HSG implementation framework could be widely used for supporting the implementation of HSG covering varied topics and in different contexts (including low-, middle- and high-income countries). In later work, we will develop a tool for supporting HSG implementation based on the theoretical framework.

Registration PROSPERO CRD42020214072. Date of Registration: 14 December 2020.
Evaluation of CX3CR1 gene DNA methylation in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
Authors: Nejadhosseinian Mohammad , Haerian Hoda , Shirkoohi Reza , Karami Jafar , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad
Published: September 2022

Introduction and objective

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a musculoskeletal disorder. Genetic and epigenetic changes in C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) may lead to disturbance in chondrocyte development and change the labrum dimensions, which indirectly result in hip joint instability. Considering the important role of this gene in cell migration, cell adhesion and bone and cartilage development, we aimed to evaluate the CX3CR1 gene methylation in DDH pathogenesis.

Methods

Our study comprised of forty-five DDH patients and forty-five healthy control subjects with healthy femoral neck cartilage. The healthy controls had total or hemiarthroplasty for the femoral neck fracture. Samples were collected from the femoral head (cartilage) of DDH patients and healthy controls. Genomic DNA was obtained from the samples, and DNA methylation of CX3CR1 gene was analyzed via metabisulfite method.

Results

Methylation analysis reveals no significant differences in promoter of CX3CR1 gene in cartilage samples from DDH patients and healthy control subjects (P = 0.33).

Conclusion

Methylation status of CX3CR1 gene showed no significant difference between the patient and control groups. Our results indicate that DNA methylation may not modulate this gene in this disease and other epigenetic mechanisms such as non-coding RNAs and histone modifications could be implicated.
Localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules for surgical resection: a new intraoperative technique in hybrid operating room
Authors: Yu Hanbo , Tian Wenxin , Sun Yaoguang , Wu Qingjun , Ma Chao , Jiao Peng , Huang Chuan , Li Donghang , Tong Hongfeng
Published: September 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to introduce a new feasible and effective intraoperative localization technique for small peripheral pulmonary nodules in hybrid operating room.

Methods

Between June 2020 and June 2021, the intraoperative localization was performed in 27 patients for 35 small pulmonary nodules at our institution. The procedure was undergone under thoracoscopic observation. After making the VATS ports, a titanium clip was clipped at the visceral pleura as near the pulmonary nodule as possible to be a marker for the nodule. VATS resection was performed next.

Results

A total of 27 patients were included in this study, including 6 males and 21 females. The median age was 58 years (range 34–78 years). All surgeries were performed by two-port VATS. A total of 35 pulmonary nodules underwent intraoperative localization. The mean diameter of nodules was 10.6 ± 3.7 mm. The distance of nodules to visceral pleura was 8.3 ± 8.7 mm. The mean localization time was 23.3 ± 3.3 min. The median time of C-arm scanning was 3 (range 2–4) times. The median times for clipping were 2 (range 1–3) times. All the nodules were localized successfully and resected precisely. No VATS were converted to thoracotomy. There were no complications related to localization procedures.

Conclusions

This new intraoperative localization technique was feasible, safe and effective. And also the intraoperative procedure could avoid extra suffering for patients.
Effective hybrid feature selection using different bootstrap enhances cancers classification performance
Authors: Abdelwahed Noura Mohammed , El-Tawel Gh. S. , Makhlouf M. A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Machine learning can be used to predict the different onset of human cancers. Highly dimensional data have enormous, complicated problems. One of these is an excessive number of genes plus over-fitting, fitting time, and classification accuracy. Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) is a wrapper method for selecting the best subset of features that cause the best accuracy. Despite the high performance of RFE, time computation and over-fitting are two disadvantages of this algorithm. Random forest for selection (RFS) proves its effectiveness in selecting the effective features and improving the over-fitting problem.

Method

This paper proposed a method, namely, positions first bootstrap step (PFBS) random forest selection recursive feature elimination (RFS-RFE) and its abbreviation is PFBS- RFS-RFE to enhance cancer classification performance. It used a bootstrap with many positions included in the outer first bootstrap step (OFBS), inner first bootstrap step (IFBS), and outer/ inner first bootstrap step (O/IFBS). In the first position, OFBS is applied as a resampling method (bootstrap) with replacement before selection step. The RFS is applied with bootstrap = false i.e., the whole datasets are used to build each tree. The importance features are hybrid with RFE to select the most relevant subset of features. In the second position, IFBS is applied as a resampling method (bootstrap) with replacement during applied RFS. The importance features are hybrid with RFE. In the third position, O/IFBS is applied as a hybrid of first and second positions. RFE used logistic regression (LR) as an estimator. The proposed methods are incorporated with four classifiers to solve the feature selection problems and modify the performance of RFE, in which five datasets with different size are used to assess the performance of the PFBS-RFS-RFE.

Results

The results showed that the O/IFBS-RFS-RFE achieved the best performance compared with previous work and enhanced the accuracy, variance and ROC area for RNA gene and dermatology erythemato-squamous diseases datasets to become 99.994%, 0.0000004, 1.000 and 100.000%, 0.0 and 1.000, respectively.

Conclusion

High dimensional datasets and RFE algorithm face many troubles in cancers classification performance. PFBS-RFS-RFE is proposed to fix these troubles with different positions. The importance features which extracted from RFS are used with RFE to obtain the effective features.
Evidence-based expert consensus on the management of primary central nervous system lymphoma in China
Authors: Chen Tong , Liu Yuanbo , Wang Yang , Chang Qing , Wu Jinsong , Wang Zhiliang , Geng Daoying , Yu Jin-Tai , Li Yuan , Li Xiao-Qiu , Chen Hong , Zhuang Dongxiao , Li Jianyong , Wang Bin , Jiang Tao , Lyu Lanting , Song Yuqin , Qiu Xiaoguang , Li Wenbin , Lin Song , Zhang Xinghu , Lu Dehong , Lei Junqiang , Chen Yaolong , Mao Ying
Published: September 2022

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a type of central nervous system restricted non-Hodgkin lymphoma, whose histopathological diagnosis is majorly large B cell lymphoma. To provide specific, evidence-based recommendations for medical professionals and to promote more standardized, effective and safe treatment for patients with PCNSL, a panel of experts from the Chinese Neurosurgical Society of the Chinese Medical Association and the Society of Hematological Malignancies of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association jointly developed an evidence-based consensus. After comprehensively searching literature and conducting systematic reviews, two rounds of Delphi were conducted to reach consensus on the recommendations as follows: The histopathological specimens of PCNSL patients should be obtained as safely and comprehensively as possible by multimodal tomography-guided biopsy or minimally invasive surgery. Corticosteroids should be withdrawn from, or not be administered to, patients with suspected PCNSL before biopsy if the patient’s status permits. MRI (enhanced and DWI) should be performed for diagnosing and evaluating PCNSL patients where whole-body PET-CT be used at necessary time points. Mini-mental status examination can be used to assess cognitive function in the clinical management. Newly diagnosed PCNSL patients should be treated with combined high-dose methotrexate-based regimen and can be treated with a rituximab-inclusive regimen at induction therapy. Autologous stem cell transplantation can be used as a consolidation therapy. Refractory or relapsed PCNSL patients can be treated with ibrutinib with or without high-dose chemotherapy as re-induction therapy. Stereotactic radiosurgery can be used for PCNSL patients with a limited recurrent lesion who were refractory to chemotherapy and have previously received whole-brain radiotherapy. Patients with suspected primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) should be diagnosed by vitreous biopsy. PVRL or PCNSL patients with concurrent VRL can be treated with combined systemic and local therapy.
Global trends in research on the effects of climate change on Aedes aegypti: international collaboration has increased, but some critical countries lag behind
Authors: Piovezan-Borges Ana Cláudia , Valente-Neto Francisco , Urbieta Gustavo Lima , Laurence Susan G. W. , de Oliveira Roque Fabio
Published: September 2022

Background

Mosquito-borne diseases (e.g., transmitted byAedes aegypti) affect almost 700 million people each year and result in the deaths of more than 1 million people annually.

Methods

We examined research undertaken during the period 1951–2020 on the effects of temperature and climate change onAe. aegypti, and also considered research location and between-country collaborations.

Results

The frequency of publications on the effects of climate change onAe. aegyptiincreased over the period examined, and this topic received more attention than the effects of temperature alone on this species. The USA, UK, Australia, Brazil, and Argentina were the dominant research hubs, while other countries fell behind with respect to number of scientific publications and/or collaborations. The occurrence ofAe. aegyptiand number of related dengue cases in the latter are very high, and climate change scenarios predict changes in the range expansion and/or occurrence of this species in these countries.

Conclusions

We conclude that some of the countries at risk of expandingAe. aegyptipopulations have poor research networks that need to be strengthened. A number of mechanisms can be considered for the improvement of international collaboration, representativity and diversity, such as research networks, internationalization programs, and programs that enhance representativity. These types of collaboration are considered important to expand the relevant knowledge of these countries and for the development of management strategies in response to climate change scenarios.

Graphical Abstract
Acute kidney injury and long-term renal effects of alectinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung carcinoma: a case report
Authors: van Londen Marco , Roosma Elizabeth , Vogels Stefanie , van Putten John W. G. , Janssen Wilbert M. T.
Published: September 2022

Background

Targeted therapy with anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor alectinib has become standard therapy for selected patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. Few data are available on the renal effects of alectinib. We report on a case of acute kidney injury in a patient using alectinib for less than 2 weeks and on serum sodium and creatinine during long-term use of alectinib.

Case presentation

A 70-year-old Asian woman was diagnosed with metastasized non-small cell lung carcinoma (cT4N3M1c, stage IV) with echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangement and received alectinib, in two daily doses of 600 mg. Eleven days after the initiation of therapy, she was seen at the emergency department with acute kidney injury. Renal biopsy showed lesions in the proximal tubular epithelial cells. Nine days after alectinib cessation, renal function recovered quickly and reintroduction of alectinib in a reduced dose was tolerated, while withholding metformin, enalapril, and naproxen. In seven other patients, data on estimated glomerular filtration rate showed decreased kidney function at 3 months with stabilization at 6 months. Serum sodium at 3 months increased during alectinib treatment and increased further at 6 months.

Conclusions

Our data suggest direct or indirect toxic (proximal) tubulopathy due to alectinib with a good prognosis after cessation. Adverse acute renal effects of alectinib may be prevented by avoiding other medication influencing renal hemodynamics, in particular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Without these co-medications, alectinib could be reintroduced in our patient.
Pneumococcal pericarditis in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus: a case report
Authors: Dijkstra Suzan , Houtgraaf Jaco H. , Sankatsing Sanjay U. C.
Published: September 2022

Background

After the introduction of antibiotics, pneumococcal pericarditis has become a rare finding. However, this severe condition with high mortality and complication rates requires rapid recognition and intervention. Herein, we describe a patient that presents with this rare disease resulting in an unusual, fatal outcome.

Case presentation

A previously healthy, 68-year-old, Caucasian male presented with progressive fatigue, dyspnea, and appetite loss since 12 days. He was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus 5 days before presentation but had not started treatment. After echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion, pericardiocentesis was performed with immediate drainage of a large volume of purulent fluid suggestive of bacterial pericarditis. On the basis of cultures showing Streptococcus pneumoniae as the causative organism, a regimen of intravenous penicillin was initiated. Additionally, antidiabetic drugs were started as his diabetes also predisposed him to invasive infectious disease. No other primary source of the infection, such as pneumonia, was found. Though the patient was found to be severely ill on admission, his clinical condition improved. A total of 1235 mL of pericardial fluid was drained, and adequate drainage was confirmed by daily, bedside echocardiography. However, 6 days post-admission, the patient suddenly developed intrapericardial bleeding with blood clot formation on the right chamber with subsequent cardiac tamponade. With the blood clot precluding adequate drainage through the catheter, the patient suffered cardiac arrest and died before surgical intervention could be attempted.

Conclusions

Pneumococcal pericarditis is a very rare but life-threatening disease that necessitates immediate intervention with antibiotics and drainage of the pericardial effusion. Thus, although symptoms may be variable and aspecific, early recognition of this condition is critical. The present case illustrates the presentation, diagnosis, and clinical course of a patient presenting with pneumococcal pericarditis in current clinical practice. Through this report, we aimed to increase awareness among clinicians both of the existence of this phenomenon and of its uncertain clinical course. As is highlighted by the case, patients with pneumococcal pericarditis are at high risk for complications and should be closely monitored.
Quality assurance awareness in higher education in China: big data challenges
Authors: Zhang Ruihua , Zhou Jincheng , Hai Tao , Zhang Shixue , Iwendi Marvellous , Biamba Cresantus , Anumbe Noble
Published: September 2022

The quality assurance of higher education in China is an issue of vital international interest. To improve the international reputation of the nation’s universities, steps must be taken to ensure a sustained focus on the quality assurance within its ranks. This paper is primarily focused on the quality assurance models operational in Chinese universities, the Big data challenges and the legal framework backing them. The paper also discusses the implementation of the models, the extent to which they meet international standards, and how they adhere to prevailing laws. The degree of success in attaining and maintaining quality and evaluation of quality improvement opportunities are also discussed. Some of the solutions recommended in this study are the participation of more teachers and students in quality management, more emphasis of Higher Education Institution (HEI) quality assurance on self-regulation and a learning-oriented approach and conducting sessions to collect anonymous feedback from students to reward staff with best practices. Some of the Quality Assurance practices/models adopted in Chinese Universities are the Ministry of Education (MOE) reviews; the Academic Degree Committee oversight; Higher Education Evaluation Center (HEEC) overview, University self-evaluation according to HEEC Indicators, and the Webometric Ranking Model.
RDPNet: a single-path lightweight CNN with re-parameterization for CPU-type edge devices
Authors: Xu Jiarui , Zhao Yufeng , Xu Fei
Published: September 2022

Deep convolutional neural networks have produced excellent results when utilized for image classification tasks, and they are being applied in a growing number of contexts. Model inference on edge devices is challenging due to the unending complicated structures needed to improve performance, which adds a significant computing burden.According to recent research, the often utilized residual structure in models does not support model inference. The idea of structural reparameterization is put out to address this shortcoming. The RepVGG produced with this method is a high-performance, quick-inference single-path network. Even after reparameterization, the model still needs GPUs and other specialized computing libraries to accelerate inference, however this still has a limit on how quickly the model can infer at the edge. We construct RDPNet using depthwise separable convolution and structural reparameterization to further reduce model size and accelerate inference. When utilizing an Intel CPU, this is a straightforward network that may be utilized for inference. For re-parameterization, we specifically adopt Depthwise separable convolution as the basic convolution form. Create a multi-branch model for training on the training side, and then simplify it into a single-branch model that the edge devices can easily infer. Research demonstrates that compared to alternative lightweight networks that can attain SOTA performance, RDPNet offers a superior trade-off between accuracy and latency.
Use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials for more than 72 h and the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Japanese intensive care units: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yoshida Hideki , Motohashi Takako , De Bus Liesbet , De Waele Jan , Takaba Akihiro , Kuriyama Akira , Kobayashi Atsuko , Tanaka Chie , Hashi Hideki , Hashimoto Hideki , Nashiki Hiroshi , Shibata Mami , Kanamoto Masafumi , Inoue Masashi , Hashimoto Satoru , Katayama Shinshu , Fujiwara Shinsuke , Kameda Shinya , Shindo Shunsuke , Suzuki Taketo , Komuro Tetsuya , Kawagishi Toshiomi , Kawano Yasumasa , Fujita Yoshihito , Kida Yoshiko , Hara Yuya , Fujitani Shigeki ,   DIANA Study Japanese group
Published: September 2022

Background

Large multicenter studies reporting on the association between the duration of broad-spectrum antimicrobial administration and the detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in the intensive care unit (ICU) are scarce. We evaluated the impact of broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy for more than 72 h on the detection of MDR bacteria using the data from Japanese patients enrolled in the DIANA study.

Methods

We analyzed the data of ICU patients in the DIANA study (a multicenter international observational cohort study from Japan). Patients who received empirical antimicrobials were divided into a broad-spectrum antimicrobial group and a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial group, based on whether they received broad-spectrum antimicrobials for more or less than 72 h, respectively. Differences in patient characteristics, background of infectious diseases and empirical antimicrobial administration, and outcomes between the two groups were compared using the chi-square tests (Monte Carlo method) for categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney U-test for continuous variables. We also conducted a logistic regression analysis to investigate the factors associated with the detection of new MDR bacteria.

Results

A total of 254 patients from 31 Japanese ICUs were included in the analysis, of whom 159 (62.6%) were included in the broad-spectrum antimicrobial group and 95 (37.4%) were included in the narrow-spectrum antimicrobial group. The detection of new MDR bacteria was significantly higher in the broad-spectrum antimicrobial group (11.9% vs. 4.2%, p = 0.042). Logistic regression showed that broad-spectrum antimicrobial continuation for more than 72 h (OR [odds ratio] 3.09, p = 0.047) and cerebrovascular comorbidity on ICU admission (OR 2.91, p = 0.041) were associated with the detection of new MDR bacteria.

Conclusions

Among Japanese ICU patients treated with empirical antimicrobials, broad-spectrum antimicrobial usage for more than 72 h was associated with the increased detection of new MDR bacteria. Antimicrobial stewardship programs in ICUs should discourage the prolonged use of empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02920463, Registered 30 September 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02920463
Clinical and radiological comparison of the zero-profile anchored cage and traditional cage-plate fixation in single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Shanxi , Tang Xiangyu , Xiong Wei , Wu Hua , Liu Chaoxu , Li Feng
Published: September 2022

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and radiographic parameters of the zero-profile anchored cage and traditional cage-plate fixation in single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Methods

Between January 2016 and November 2018, a total of 68 patients with degenerative cervical spondylosis who underwent single-level ACDF were evaluated in this retrospective study. Thirty-five patients were treated with the zero-profile anchored cage (Zero-P group), and 33 patients were treated with the traditional cage-plate fixation (Cage group). The two groups were compared in reference to clinical outcomes and radiographic parameters.

Results

The mean operation time in the Zero-P group was significantly shorter than that in the Cage group. The incidence of postoperative dysphagia in the Cage group was higher than that in the Zero-P group at 3 months and 12 months postoperatively. No bony spurs were found in the Zero-P group, whereas 5 patients in the Cage group developed bony spurs. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the JOA scores, VAS scores, NDI scores, C2-7 Cobb angles, segmental Cobb angles, total interbody height or fusion rates at 3 months or 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

In this study, both the zero-profile anchored cage and traditional cage-plate fixation were demonstrated to be effective and safe strategies. Given the lower incidence of dysphagia and degenerative changes, zero-profile anchored cage is a good option.
Contingent convertible lease modeling and credit risk management
Authors: Triki Ons , Abid Fathi
Published: September 2022

The main objective of this study is to determine a lease agreement to finance an investment project and a solution for managing credit risk. This study investigates three types of contingent leases to reduce the costs associated with bankruptcy and compensate for the lessor's position. A leasing defaultable contract allows the lessor to obtain the rent that will be recovered if the lessee defaults. A leasing convertible contract can be automatically converted into shares when certain default conditions related to the cash flows generated by the firm are met. These conditions are triggered by the ratio of the firm's value and leasing payments. A Defaultable-Convertible-Leasing contract with a payback option grants the lessor the right but not the obligation to convert the remaining lease payments into stocks or to break up the contract and pick up the rented equipment when the firm reaches the default threshold. These contracts are motivated by contributing to the range of risk-management strategies by adding more flexibility to standard leasing contracts and contingent rents. Closed-form securities pricing solutions are set forward in a dynamic model for firms with existing assets and a growth option financed by shares and a contingent lease. Risk-neutral pricing theory and the backward induction method are used to determine the pricing of corporate securities. Numerical analysis shows that leasing convertible contracts and defaultable-convertible contracts with payback options impact the service value of the leased asset, maturity, and inefficiencies resulting from insolvency and asset substitution. An optimal conversion rate reduces inefficiencies, thus making the leasing convertible contract and defaultable-convertible-leasing contract with payback option a reliable solution to ensure business continuity and loss coverage of the leasers upon default.
Risk assessment in clinical practice: a framework for decision-making in real-world complex systems
Authors: Nathan Rajan , Bhandari Sahil
Published: September 2022

Risk assessment in clinical practice is often characterised as a process of analysing information so as to make a judgement about the likelihood of harmful behaviour occurring in the future. However, this characterisation is brought into question when the evidence does not support the current use of risk assessment approaches to predict, or provide probability estimates of, future behaviour in a way that is usable in single instances arising in individual cases. This article sets out a broader and more clinically applicable description of risk assessment which takes account of the wider influences on how this clinical activity takes place. In so doing, it provides a framework to guide clinicians, researchers and authors of practice guidance who are interested in improving approaches to risk assessment.
Escaping Policy Traps: Strategic Options for Overcoming Entrenchment
Authors: Starr Paul
Published: September 2022

Policy entrenchment per se is a neutral concept; both good and bad policies may become entrenched. A policy trap, however, is entrenchment's pathological form: a self-reinforcing array of policies that simultaneously creates (1) well-established, often widely recognized failures in society, and (2) high barriers to change. A familiar type of policy trap arises when the benefits of a policy are concentrated while the costs, albeit greater, are widely diffused, opaque to many who bear them, or seemingly remote. But policy traps are not necessarily permanent; they may persist only as long as reformers are unable to identify their vulnerabilities and seize moments of political opportunity. Reconstituting a domain of policy ultimately requires formulating an alternative. Without presuming to be exhaustive, this article outlines four general strategies for overcoming policy entrenchment: Schumpeterian innovation, globally oriented innovation, institutional conversion, and social creativity (the nonmarket analog to Schumpeterian change). Focusing on three areas, the article examines how policy traps have arisen and might be overcome in fossil fuels, the internet economy, and the US health care system.
Anniversary Narratives of the Health Care State: Institutional Entrenchment in Retrospect
Authors: Tuohy Carolyn Hughes
Published: September 2022

Institutional narratives, appealing both to the intellect and the imagination, are powerful mechanisms of entrenchment. Drawing on close examination of legislative debates, interview transcripts, and official documents, this article analyzes institutional narratives of the British National Health Service (NHS) and American Medicare and Medicaid. These narratives take the form of epics, featuring founding heroes, adversaries, stewards, saviors, and other characters, and are retold on multiple occasions, and especially on anniversaries of the founding date. In the process, certain elements of history are remembered, and others forgotten. The myth of the NHS as a single national institution obscured much of the complexity and compromise that went into its founding and subsequent development, but preserved fidelity to its founding principles. In the United States, the dominant narrative belonged to Medicare, while Medicaid featured as an afterthought. In the case of the NHS, narrative entrenchment served to preserve universal access to comprehensive health care. In the case of American Medicare, entrenchment preserved the original mission of the institution but kept it from expanding to a broader swath of the population, even as its less-entrenched companion Medicaid provided a vehicle for coverage of an increasingly wide range of population groups. A distinct Medicaid narrative developed only after incremental expansion was well underway.
Cerebellum lineage allocation, morphogenesis and repair: impact of interplay amongst cells
Authors: Joyner Alexandra L. , Bayin N. Sumru
Published: September 2022

ABSRACT

The cerebellum has a simple cytoarchitecture consisting of a folded cortex with three cell layers that surrounds a nuclear structure housing the output neurons. The excitatory neurons are generated from a unique progenitor zone, the rhombic lip, whereas the inhibitory neurons and astrocytes are generated from the ventricular zone. The growth phase of the cerebellum is driven by lineage-restricted progenitor populations derived from each zone. Research during the past decade has uncovered the importance of cell-to-cell communication between the lineages through largely unknown signaling mechanisms for regulating the scaling of cell numbers and cell plasticity during mouse development and following injury in the neonatal (P0-P14) cerebellum. This Review focuses on how the interplay between cell types is key to morphogenesis, production of robust neural circuits and replenishment of cells after injury, and ends with a discussion of the implications of the greater complexity of the human cerebellar progenitor zones for development and disease.
The developing epicardium regulates cardiac chamber morphogenesis by promoting cardiomyocyte growth
Authors: Boezio Giulia L. M. , Zhao Shengnan , Gollin Josephine , Priya Rashmi , Mansingh Shivani , Guenther Stefan , Fukuda Nana , Gunawan Felix , Stainier Didier Y. R.
Published: September 2022

The epicardium, the outermost layer of the heart, is an important regulator of cardiac regeneration. However, a detailed understanding of the crosstalk between the epicardium and myocardium during development requires further investigation. Here, we generated three models of epicardial impairment in zebrafish by mutating the transcription factor genes tcf21 and wt1a, and ablating tcf21+ epicardial cells. Notably, all three epicardial impairment models exhibited smaller ventricles. We identified the initial cause of this phenotype as defective cardiomyocyte growth, resulting in reduced cell surface and volume. This failure of cardiomyocyte growth was followed by decreased proliferation and increased abluminal extrusion. By temporally manipulating its ablation, we show that the epicardium is required to support cardiomyocyte growth mainly during early cardiac morphogenesis. By transcriptomic profiling of sorted epicardial cells, we identified reduced expression of FGF and VEGF ligand genes in tcf21−/− hearts, and pharmacological inhibition of these signaling pathways in wild type partially recapitulated the ventricular growth defects. Taken together, these data reveal distinct roles of the epicardium during cardiac morphogenesis and signaling pathways underlying epicardial-myocardial crosstalk.
Reference Dependence in the Housing Market
Authors: Andersen Steffen , Badarinza Cristian , Liu Lu , Marx Julie , Ramadorai Tarun
Published: September 2022

We quantify reference dependence and loss aversion in the housing market using rich Danish administrative data. Our structural model includes loss aversion, reference dependence, financial constraints, and a sale decision, and matches key nonparametric moments, including a “hockey stick” in listing prices with nominal gains, and bunching at zero realized nominal gains. Households derive substantial utility from gains over the original house purchase price; losses affect households roughly 2.5 times more than gains. The model helps explain the positive correlation between aggregate house prices and turnover, but cannot explain visible attenuation in reference dependence when households are more financially constrained. (JEL D12, D91, G51, R21, R31)
Fake News, Voter Overconfidence, and the Quality of Democratic Choice
Authors: Kartal Melis , Tyran Jean-Robert
Published: September 2022

This paper studies, theoretically and experimentally, the effects of overconfidence and fake news on information aggregation and the quality of democratic choice in a common-interest setting. We theoretically show that overconfidence exacerbates the adverse effects of widespread misinformation (i.e., fake news). We then analyze richer models that allow for partisanship, targeted misinformation intended to sway public opinion, and news signals correlated across voters (due to media ownership concentration or censorship). In our experiment, overconfidence severely undermines information aggregation, suggesting that the effect of overconfidence can be much more pronounced at the collective than at the individual level. (JEL C91, D12, D72, D82, D83, L82)
Valid t-ratio Inference for IV
Authors: Lee David S. , McCrary Justin , Moreira Marcelo J. , Porter Jack
Published: September 2022

In the single-IV model, researchers commonly rely on t-ratio-based inference, even though the literature has quantified its potentially severe large-sample distortions. Building on Stock and Yogo (2005), we introduce the tF critical value function, leading to a standard error adjustment that is a smooth function of the first-stage F-statistic. For one-quarter of specifications in 61 AER papers, corrected standard errors are at least 49 and 136 percent larger than conventional 2SLS standard errors at the 5 percent and 1 percent significance levels, respectively. tF confidence intervals have shorter expected length than those of Anderson and Rubin (1949), whenever both are bounded. (JEL C13, C26)
Posterior Separable Cost of Information
Authors: Denti Tommaso
Published: September 2022

We provide testable conditions under which the cost of acquiring information is given by the expected reduction of a measure of uncertainty (e.g., entropy). The assumption, under the name of posterior separability, is nearly universal in the literature of rational inattention; yet, a testable characterization has been lacking. In applications to experimental data, we indicate situations in which posterior separability is—and is not—a compelling assumption for the cost of information; we propose a generalization to address some of its shortcomings. We also show how to identify and estimate nonparametrically the cost of information from observable choice behavior. (JEL C91, D11, D12, D81, D91)
Actual problems of civil procedural law
Authors: Kayl' Yanina , Sergacheva Ol'ga , Deryugina T.
Published: September 2022

The textbook reveals the content of a number of topical issues of civil procedure arising both in theory and in practice.
The textbook serves as an addition to the available literature on civil procedural law and is aimed at consolidating and expanding theoretical knowledge, skills and professional skills of intellectual activity, improving the logical culture of thinking of undergraduates. It reflects all the changes made to the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in recent years, as well as current judicial practice.
Meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the latest generation in the field of training 40.04.01 "Jurisprudence" (master's degree level), taking into account the current Russian civil procedure legislation, as well as current law enforcement practice.
It can be recommended for undergraduates, as well as a wide range of lawyers — both for students of the profession and for teachers.
Accounting and analysis
Authors: Sigidov Yuriy , Yasmenko Galina , Oksanich Elena , Moroz Natal'ya , Horuzhiy Lyudmila , Kulikova Lidiya , Vasil'eva Nadezhda
Published: September 2022

The textbook outlines the most important aspects of accounting and analysis of assets, liabilities and capital of the organization. The presented material consists of two parts. The first part sets out the concept, tasks and functions of accounting, regulatory regulation of accounting in the Russian Federation, ethical requirements for an accountant; describes the subject and method of accounting, types and structure of accounting accounts and rules for the formation of correspondence accounts; organizational and methodological foundations of economic analysis are considered.
The second part describes the methods of accounting and analysis of assets, liabilities and capital of the organization — fixed assets, intangible assets, inventory, settlements with personnel on wages,
costs of production and sale of products (works, services), etc. Attention is paid to the basics of the formation of accounting statements, as well as the information capabilities of the analysis of accounting (financial) statements of the company.
It is intended for students of the specialty program "Economic Security", bachelor's degree programs "Economics" and "Management", as well as students of the system of additional professional education.
To the question of innovative development of Russia
Authors: Shishkin Andrey , Savina Irina , Bykova M.
Published: September 2022

The article discusses issues concerning various points of view on the problems associated with the development of innovative potential both at the level of the Russian Federation and at the regional level. The analysis of statistical data concerning the number of personnel engaged in scientific research and development; the level of innovative activity of organizations, the share of innovative goods, works, services in the total volume of goods shipped, works performed, services; the number of organizations performing research and development; the number of patent applications and the issuance of patents in the Russian Federation. The study found that the innovation system in the Russian Federation is going through a new stage of development and there are a number of challenges that do not allow it to fully function both at the regional and federal levels. The analysis of the strategy for the development of science, technology and innovation of the Tula region until 2030 was carried out. According to the results of the study, the relevant conclusions were formed.
Personnel potential increasing as a factor of strategic development of territories
Authors: Timofeeva Natalya , Mahanova O. , Sanzhina O. , Timofeev V.
Published: September 2022

Modern conditions for the development of the region, including rural areas, raise many questions, both among scientists in this field and the rural population itself. A special component in any territorial space is human resources, the development of which determines the strategic development of rural areas in the region. The authors conducted a study of municipalities in terms of determining the indices of health, education, income, as well as the human development index. On the basis of the study, a grouping of municipalities was identified and strategic directions for the development of rural areas were proposed. Along with this, a comprehensive approach to improving the human resources potential of rural areas is proposed, based on improving the conditions for retaining highly qualified specialists in rural areas while improving the quality of human resources.
Edukacja w perspektywie filozofii dialogu. Aspekty etyczne w dobie pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Tarka Szymon
Published: September 2022

Osobista relacja nauczyciela i ucznia jest ważną kwestią w procesie edukacyjnym. Ma ona miejsce w konkretnej przestrzeni, jaką zazwyczaj jest szkoła. Relacje międzyludzkie oraz przestrzeń, w której wydarza się spotkanie, są bardzo ważne dla zrozumienia istoty człowieka. Zagadnienia związane z rozumieniem relacji osobowych i ich miejscem w szeroko rozumianym procesie wychowania są także kluczowymi kwestiami filozofii dialogu w ujęciu Józefa Tischnera. Dlatego w artykule przedstawione zostaną najpierw główne zarysy filozofii dialogu rozumianej jako punkt wyjścia dla edukacji, następnie podkreślone będzie znaczenie dialogu w edukacji oraz roli spotkania nauczyciela i ucznia w procesie wychowania. W ostatnich dwóch latach pandemii COVID-19 relacje międzyludzkie zostały bardzo ograniczone, a czasami wręcz stały się niemożliwe, natomiast proces nauczania odbywał się w formie online (zdalnej). Mając to na uwadze, w artykule zostanie omówiony etyczny wymiar wychowania w spotkaniu zarówno realnym, jak również wirtualnym. Głównym celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na zagrożenia, jakie stoją przed dzisiejszą edukacją, tak dynamicznie podlegającą kolejnym przemianom, oraz wyakcentowanie jednego z ważnych elementów edukacji, jakim jest dialog edukacyjny.
Open and Private Exchanges in Display Advertising
Authors: Choi W. Jason , Sayedi Amin
Published: September 2022

This paper studies the emergence of private exchanges and its impact on the display ad ecosystem.
Cost-Restricted Feature Selection for Data Acquisition
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Li Xiao-Bai , Sarkar Sumit
Published: September 2022

When acquiring consumer data for marketing or new business initiatives, it is important to decide what attributes or features of potential customers should be acquired. We study a new feature selection problem in the context of customer data acquisition in which different features have different acquisition costs. This feature selection problem is studied for linear regression and logistic regression. We formulate the feature selection and acquisition problems as nonlinear discrete optimization problems that minimize prediction errors subject to a budget constraint. We derive the analytical properties of the solutions for the problems, develop a computational procedure for solving the problems, provide an intuitive interpretation for the feature selection criteria, and discuss managerial implications of the solution approach. The results of the experimental study demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems.

Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4551 .
Optimal Presignal Control for Two-Mode Traffic at Isolated Signalized Intersections
Authors: Khwais Miran , Haddad Jack
Published: September 2022

Delay imposed on buses is witnessed at isolated signalized intersections, as part of the delay is created due to bus and car interactions at the signalized approaches. Inexpensive solutions that do not involve new infrastructure are the most desired. Toward reducing person delay, presignal lights are installed at the upstream of the intersection. Presignal is a control tool that can manage the interaction and space conflict between cars and buses at the mixed lanes, located after the presignals, approaching the intersection. This paper presents an optimal presignal control policy that determines signal settings based on minimization of total person-time spent. The developed model is comprised of a simplified signalized intersection with one approach, where two presignal lights are located: one for bus lane and one for car lane. A continuous-time model is first developed to describe the queue dynamics for the mixed lanes after the presignals and the bus and car lanes before the presignals. The optimal solutions are derived analytically via the Pontryagin maximum principle, and the optimal presignal control policy is determined and synthesized. The derived analytical solutions are verified through the use of the optimal control software, DIDO, which uses an advanced optimization method and solves complex dynamic optimization problems without prior knowledge of the analytical computations or the solution. Several examples are used to test and analyze the derived solutions. Finally, the microscopic simulation software AIMSUN is used to test, assess, and evaluate the performance of the proposed optimal control policy in a more realistic traffic condition, where stochastic arrivals are incorporated.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1172 .
Nerve blocks on forelimbs and hindlimbs as part of a multimodal analgesia plan
Authors: Parkin Anita
Published: September 2022

Using local blocks in conjunction with other forms of pain relief have been shown to reduce the length of hospital stays and postoperative recovery times in human patients. This article will explain common hindlimb and forelimb local blocks using electrostimulation for the correct location of the nerve to provide superior pain relief in small animals when used as part of a multimodal analgesic plan.
Immigration Politics and Restrictionism, 1970–2001
Authors: Bon Tempo Carl J. , Diner Hasia R.
Published: September 2022

As momentous demographic changes reshaped immigration to the United States, skeptics and opponents of newcomers won a series of laws and policies that more toughly regulated who could enter and their rights once in the country. Refugee and asylum policy became more challenging as the Cold War ended, and the U.S. saw even more individuals arriving at the border and claiming asylum. This tough approach accelerated after the 9/11 attacks when the U.S. government initiated a number of policies and laws designed to make entry harder and to track newcomers.