bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in nanomedicines for regulation of macrophages in wound healing
Authors: Joorabloo Alireza , Liu Tianqing
Published: September 2022

Macrophages are essential immune cells and play a major role in the immune response as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory agents depending on their plasticity and functions. Infiltration and activation of macrophages are usually involved in wound healing. Herein, we first described macrophage polarization and their critical functions in wound healing process. It is addressed how macrophages collaborate with other immune cells in the wound microenvironment. Targeting macrophages by manipulating or re-educating macrophages in inflammation using nanomedicines is a novel and feasible strategy for wound management. We discussed the design and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and their functions for macrophages activation and anti-inflammatory signaling during wound therapy. The mechanism of action of the strategies and appropriate examples are also summarized to highlight the pros and cons of those approaches. Finally, the potential of nanomedicines to modulate macrophage polarization for skin regeneration is discussed.
Body mass index, genetic susceptibility, and Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal study based on 475,813 participants from the UK Biobank
Authors: Yuan Shiqi , Wu Wentao , Ma Wen , Huang Xiaxuan , Huang Tao , Peng MIn , Xu Anding , Lyu Jun
Published: September 2022

Background

The association between body mass index (BMI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains controversial. Genetic and environmental factors are now considered contributors to AD risk. However, little is known about the potential interaction between genetic risk and BMI on AD risk.

Objective

To study the causal relationship between BMI and AD, and the potential interaction between AD genetic risk and BMI on AD risk.

Methods and Results

Using the UK Biobank database, 475,813 participants were selected for an average follow-up time of more than 10 years. Main findings: 1) there was a nonlinear relationship between BMI and AD risk in participants aged 60 years or older (p for non-linear < 0.001), but not in participants aged 37–59 years (p for non-linear = 0.717) using restricted cubic splines; 2) for participants aged 60 years and older, compared with the BMI (23–30 kg/m2) group, the BMI (< 23 kg/m2) group was associated with a higher AD risk (HR = 1.585; 95% CI 1.304–1.928, p < 0.001) and the BMI (> 30 kg/m2) group was associated with a lower AD risk (HR = 0.741; 95% CI 0.618–0.888, p < 0.01) analyzed using the Cox proportional risk model; 3) participants with a combination of high AD genetic risk score (AD-GRS) and BMI (< 23 kg/m2) were associated with the highest AD risk (HR = 3.034; 95% CI 2.057–4.477, p < 0.001). In addition, compared with the BMI (< 23 kg/m2), the higher BMI was associated with a lower risk of AD in participants with the same intermediate or high AD-GRS; 4) there was a reverse causality between BMI and AD when analyzed using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).

Conclusion

There was a reverse causality between BMI and AD analyzed using MR. For participants aged 60 years and older, the higher BMI was associated with a lower risk of AD in participants with the same intermediate or high AD genetic risk. BMI (23–30 kg/m2) may be a potential intervention for AD.
Assessing the health impacts of transnational corporations: a case study of Carlton and United Breweries in Australia
Authors: Anaf Julia , Baum Fran , Fisher Matt , Haigh Fiona , Miller Emma , Gesesew Hailay , Freudenberg Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Background

The practices of transnational corporations (TNCs) affect population health through unhealthy products, shaping social determinants of health, or influencing the regulatory structures governing their activities. There has been limited research on community exposures to TNC policies and practices. The aim of this paper was to adapt existing Health Impact Assessment methods that were previously used for both a fast food and an extractives industry corporation in order to assess Carlton and United Breweries (CUB) operations within Australia. CUB is an Australian alcohol company owned by a large transnational corporation Asahi Group Holdings. Data identifying potential impacts were sourced through document analysis, including corporate literature; media analysis, and 12 semi-structured interviews. The data were mapped against a corporate health impact assessment framework which included CUB’s political and business practices; products and marketing; workforce, social, environmental and economic conditions; and consumers’ adverse health impacts. We also conducted an ecological study for estimating alcohol attributable fractions and burdens of death due to congestive heart disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, breast cancer, bowel cancer and injury in Australia. Beer attributable fractions and deaths and CUB’s share were also estimated.

Results

We found both positive and adverse findings of the corporation’s operations across all domains. CUB engage in a range of business practices which benefit the community, including sustainability goals and corporate philanthropy, but also negative aspects including from taxation arrangements, marketing practices, and political donations and lobbying which are enabled by a neoliberal regulatory environment. We found adverse health impacts including from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and violence and aggression which disproportionately affect Indigenous and other disadvantaged populations.

Conclusion

Our research indicates that studying a TNC in a rapidly changing global financialised capitalist economy in a world which is increasingly being managed by TNCs poses methodological and conceptual challenges. It highlights the need and opportunity for future research. The different methods revealed sufficient information to recognise that strong regulatory frameworks are needed to help to avoid or to mediate negative health impacts.
Sufentanil: a risk factor for lactic acidosis in patients after heart valve surgery
Authors: Zhan Yu-Fei , Shi Quan , Pan Yu-Chen , Zheng Bao-Shi , Ge Yi-Peng , Luo Tian-Ge , Xiao Zhi-Hong , Jiang Wei
Published: September 2022

Backgrounds

Hyperlactatemia is a common metabolic disorder after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Epinephrine use has been identified as a potential cause of increased lactate levels after cardiac surgery. Stress can lead to an increase in catecholamines, mainly epinephrine, in the body. Exogenous epinephrine causes hyperlactatemia, whereas endogenous epinephrine released by stress may have the same effect. Opioids are the most effective anesthetics to suppress the stress response in the body. The authors sought to provide evidence through a retrospective data analysis that helps investigate the relationship between intraoperative opioid dosage and postoperative lactic acidosis after cardiac surgery.

Methods

The clinical data of 215 patients who underwent valvular heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass from July 2016 to July 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Blood lactate levels were measured at 0.1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h after surgery. Patients with continuous increases in lactate levels and lactate levels exceeding 5 mmol/L at two or more time points were included in the lactic acidosis group, whereas the other patients were included in the control group. First, univariate correlation analysis was used to identify parameters that were significantly different between the two groups, and then multivariate regression analysis was conducted to elucidate the independent risk factors for lactic acidosis. Fifty-one pairs of patients were screened by propensity score matching analysis (PSM). Then, lactic acid levels at four time points in both groups were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

he EF (heart ejection fraction) (OR = 0.94,P = 0.003), aortic occlusion time (OR = 10.17,P < 0.001) and relative infusion rate (OR = 2.23,P = 0.01) of sufentanil was an independent risk factor for lactic acidosis after valvular heart surgery. The patients were further divided into two groups with the mean sufentanil infusion rate as the reference point. The data were filtered with PSM (Propensity Score Matching). Lactic acid values in both groups peaked at 4 h after surgery and then declined. The rate of lactic acid decline was significantly faster in the group with a higher sufentanil dosage than in the lower group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in lactic acid levels at the four time points (0.1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 8 h after surgery) in both groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The inadequate intraoperative infusion rate of sufentanil is an independent risk factor for lactic acidosis after heart valve surgery. The possibility of lactic acidosis caused by this factor after cardiac surgery should be considered, which is helpful for postoperative patient management.
Rapamycin nanoparticles improves drug bioavailability in PLAM treatment by interstitial injection
Authors: Shi Yahong , Jiao Chuqiao , Lu Xi , Nie Yifeng , Li Xiang , Han Dong
Published: September 2022

Background

Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis (PLAM) is a rare interstitial lung disease characterized by diffuse cystic changes caused by the destructive proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells or LAM cells. PLAM is more common in young women than other people, and a consensus is lacking regarding PLAM treatment. The clinical treatment of PLAM is currently dominated by rapamycin. By inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, rapamycin can inhibit and delay PLAM’s occurrence and development. However, the application of rapamycin also has shortcomings, including the drug’s low oral bioavailability and a high binding rate to hemoglobin, thus significantly decreasing the amount of drug distributed to the lungs.

Methods and results

Here, we developed a new mode of rapamycin administration in which the drug was injected into the intrathecal space after being nanosized; the directional flow characteristics of the liquid in the intrathecal space were exploited to increase the drug content in the interstitial fluid to the greatest extent possible. We studied the rapamycin content in the interstitial fluid and blood after intervaginal space injection (ISI). Compared with oral administration, ISI significantly increased the drug concentration in the lung interstitial fluid.

Conclusions

These results provided new ideas for treating PLAM and optimizing the dosing regimens of drugs with similar characteristics to rapamycin.
A multi-disciplinary, comprehensive approach to management of children with heterotaxy
Authors: Saba Thomas G. , Geddes Gabrielle C. , Ware Stephanie M. , Schidlow David N. , del Nido Pedro J. , Rubalcava Nathan S. , Gadepalli Samir K. , Stillwell Terri , Griffiths Anne , Bennett Murphy Laura M. , Barber Andrew T. , Leigh Margaret W. , Sabin Necia , Shapiro Adam J.
Published: September 2022

Heterotaxy (HTX) is a rare condition of abnormal thoraco-abdominal organ arrangement across the left–right axis of the body. The pathogenesis of HTX includes a derangement of the complex signaling at the left–right organizer early in embryogenesis involving motile and non-motile cilia. It can be inherited as a single-gene disorder, a phenotypic feature of a known genetic syndrome or without any clear genetic etiology. Most patients with HTX have complex cardiovascular malformations requiring surgical intervention. Surgical risks are relatively high due to several serious comorbidities often seen in patients with HTX. Asplenia or functional hyposplenism significantly increase the risk for sepsis and therefore require antimicrobial prophylaxis and immediate medical attention with fever. Intestinal rotation abnormalities are common among patients with HTX, although volvulus is rare and surgical correction carries substantial risk. While routine screening for intestinal malrotation is not recommended, providers and families should promptly address symptoms concerning for volvulus and biliary atresia, another serious morbidity more common among patients with HTX. Many patients with HTX have chronic lung disease and should be screened for primary ciliary dyskinesia, a condition of respiratory cilia impairment leading to bronchiectasis. Mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions need to be carefully considered among this population of patients living with a substantial medical burden. Optimal care of children with HTX requires a cohesive team of primary care providers and experienced subspecialists collaborating to provide compassionate, standardized and evidence-based care. In this statement, subspecialty experts experienced in HTX care and research collaborated to provide expert- and evidence-based suggestions addressing the numerous medical issues affecting children living with HTX.
Liver organoids: an in vitro 3D model for liver cancer study
Authors: Dong Renshun , Zhang Bixiang , Zhang Xuewu
Published: September 2022

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and its morbidity unceasingly increases these years. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accounted for approximately 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases globally in 2015. Due to the lack of an effective model to study HBV-associated liver carcinogenesis, research has made slow progress. Organoid, an in vitro 3D model which maintains self-organization, has recently emerged as a powerful tool to investigate human diseases. In this review, we first summarize the categories and development of liver organoids. Then, we mainly focus on the functions of culture medium components and applications of organoids for HBV infection and HBV-associated liver cancer studies. Finally, we provide insights into a potential patient-derived organoid model from those infected with HBV based on our study, as well as the limitations and future applications of organoids in liver cancer research.
Collaborative task offloading and resource allocation with hybrid energy supply for UAV-assisted multi-clouds
Authors: Zhou Yu , Ge Hui , Ma Bowen , Zhang Shuhang , Huang Jiwei
Published: September 2022

Cloud computing has emerged as a promising paradigm for meeting the growing resource demands of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Meanwhile, with the popularity of mobile aerial base stations, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) assisted cloud computing is essential for providing diversified service at areas without available infrastructure. However, it is difficult to meet the requirements of a number of IoT devices which distribute a large area through one single UAV cloud server, and thus multi-clouds have been applied in large-scale IoT environments. Due to the limited battery capacity of UAV, hybrid energy supply has been considered as an effective approach. How to allocate the computing resources and offload the tasks to the UAV-assisted clouds is a challenging task. In this paper, we study the trade-off between the energy consumption and system performance in a UAV-assisted multi-clouds system. Considering the transmission and execution cost, a dynamic optimization problem with the objective of minimizing the power consumption of UAVs with the constraint of queue stability is formulated, which is further decomposed into three sub-problems using stochastic optimization techniques. A collaborative task offloading and resources allocation algorithm (CTORAA) based on artificial intelligent (AI) technique is proposed to jointly determine task offloading and energy harvesting. We provide corresponding mathematical analysis showing that CTORAA can reach the arbitrary profit-stability trade-off. Finally, we conduct simulation experiments to validate the efficacy of our algorithm.
A review of landscape ecology experiments to understand ecological processes
Authors: Wiersma Yolanda F.
Published: September 2022

Background

One way in which we make inferences about ecological processes is via experimentation. Many ecological processes happen at landscape extents and it is at this extent that experimentation is more challenging. This review explores the intersection between experimentation, ecological processes and landscape ecology. Specifically, this review seeks to discover how scientists design experiments to understand ecological processes at landscape scales.

Results

I found 87 papers where these three concepts intersected, and reviewed them in more depth to assess characteristics of scale (treatment and study area extent), replication, research question and experiment type.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that experimental approaches for understanding ecological processes are well established, and beginning to more readily accommodate spatial dimensions. However, there is room to integrate more spatially explicit, landscape-scale experiments into studies of ecological processes.
Financial intermediaries and speculation in the foreign exchange market: the role of monetary policy in Iran’s economy
Authors: Sadeghi Abdorasoul , Marzban Hussein , Samadi Ali Hussein , Azarbaiejani Karim , Rostamzadeh Parviz
Published: September 2022

Given the high fluctuations of the general price level, the importance of investment, and accessing sufficient financial resources, we examine the effects of monetary policy on the nominal (Inflation) and real (Investment) sectors of a developing economy, like Iran, through the channel of the relationship between bank deposits, stock market, and speculation in the foreign exchange market (FEM). For this purpose, due to regime switching in Iran’s economy, the non-linear relation between the variables has been investigated by applying Markov switching models and annual data of 1988–2018. The results show that the financial intermediaries (FIs) have not had a complementary relationship in both bear and bull market and high and low banks deposits regimes. Both FIs have negatively impacted speculation in the FEM in high and low exchange rates difference regimes. The difference between official and unofficial exchange rates negatively impacted the FIs in bear market and low banks deposits regimes; on the contrary, a positive effect in a bull market and high bank deposits. The effects of both FIs on investment have been positive in high and low investment regimes and negative on inflation rates in high and very high inflation regimes. In comparison, the impact of speculation in the FEM has been negative on investment and positive on inflation. Therefore, in the event of the lack of limitations regarding using interest rate (IR) and the policy of exchange rate unification, the central bank would be able to affect the nominal and real sectors of the economy suitably through the channels of the FIs and the FEM.
Characterization and insecticidal activity of two natural formulation types against the scale insect (Parlatoria ziziphi) and their biochemical effects on Citrus aurantium
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Nahed Fawzy , Salem Hamdy Abdel-Naby , El-Bakry Ahmed Mohamed , Sammour Elham Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Background

The scale insect, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) (Diaspididae: Hemiptera), is one of the most serious insects in citrus orchards in Egypt. The efficiency of two different formulation types (emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and nanoemulsions) based on the essential oils Artemisia herba-alba (Asso.) (Asterales: Asteraceae) and Laurus nobilis (L.) (Laurales: Lauraceae) at two concentrations of 3 and 5%, compared with the commercial mineral oil, Active Cable, was examined against P. ziziphi. The green formulations were named Artemisia and Laury relative to A. herba-alba and L. nobilis, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the tested formulations have been studied.

Results

All the EC formulations of the essential oils (EOs) as well as the nanoemulsions with ratios of EOs to Tween 1:1.5 (Artemisia) and 1:2 (Laury) passed all the tested characteristics. The droplet sizes of the successful nanoemulsions’ formulations by the ultrasonic emulsification were 153.7, 113.4 nm for Artemisia and 139.3, 89.4 nm for Laury at 3 and 5% concentrations, respectively. Laury EC caused average reductions of 92.79 and 94.94% (nymphs and females) when applied at 3 and 5%, respectively, while the same oil prepared as nanoemulsions caused average reductions of 50.02 and 55.32% at the same concentrations, compared with 91.74% reduction resulted from spraying Active Cable. Moreover, Artemisia caused reduction percentages of 74.97, 91.52 for EC and 43.7, 54.01 for nanoemulsions, sprayed at 3 and 5%, respectively. Although EC emulsions were more effective in reducing insect populations than nanoemulsion formulations, the efficiency of nanoemulsions gradually increased with time elapsed. The antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase enzymes were researched. It is recognized that insect infestations increase plant enzyme activity to defend them against insect attack. The results revealed a significant reduction of all the examined enzymes which were more obvious for EC emulsions than nanoemulsions.

Conclusions

The EC formulations originated from the EOs, especially Laury 3% EC and Artemisia 5% EC, could be an alternative to the traditional insecticides for controlling the scale insect, P. ziziphi.
COVID-19-induced multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a child with Wilson disease: a case report
Authors: Abdel-Ghaffar Tawhida Yassin , Zakaria Haidy Mohammed , Elsayed Eman Mohamed , Magdy Sondos , El Naghi Suzan , Naeem Suhaib Alsayed Mohammed , Hasan Mahmoud Yosry , khallaf Rabab Qasim
Published: September 2022

Background

Infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can progress to the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Patients with liver cirrhosis are at increased risk of complications.

Case presentation

We report on a 13-year-old Wilson’s disease patient who was referred for liver transplantation because of rapid deterioration in his hepatic condition. After admission, he developed fever, respiratory distress, coronary arteries dilatation on echocardiography, laboratory evidence of inflammation, and positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) PCR. SARS-CoV-2-induced MIS-C was diagnosed. Inspite of aggressive management of MIS-C, progressive deterioration of the respiratory, liver, kidney, and cardiac functions occurred and he passed away.

Conclusion

MIS-C is a serious possible complication leading to multiorgan failure and higher death rate especially in cirrhotic children. So, early diagnosis and management with higher level of care by a multidisciplinary team are warranted.
Economic policy uncertainty and the US stock market trading: non-ARDL evidence
Authors: Javaheri Bakhtiar , habibi Fateh , Amani Ramin
Published: September 2022

The present study investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty, and economic factors on the stock market index in the USA using Non-ARDL and Quantile models. The findings reveal that declining economic and economic-political factors will increase the stock market index in the US. The results indicate that the effect of inflation and GDP variables follows a nonlinear pattern. Similar results using quantitative regression showed asymmetric impacts of inflation and GDP on stock market transactions.
Limited impacts of climatic conditions on commercial oil palm yields in Malaysian plantations
Authors: Fleiss Susannah , McClean Colin J. , King Henry , Hill Jane K.
Published: September 2022

Background

Oil palm is a key driver of deforestation, but increasing yields in existing plantations could help meet rising global demands, while avoiding further conversion of natural habitat. Current oil palm plantations present substantial opportunities for sustainable intensification, but the potential for local yield improvements depends partly on the role of climate in determining yield.

Methods

We determine the importance of local climatic conditions for oil palm yields in 12 commercial plantations in Peninsular and East Malaysia (Borneo), during 2006–2017. We quantify relationships between climatic conditions (raw and anomalised monthly temperature and rainfall data) and yield for lag times up to 36 months prior to harvest, corresponding to key stages in oil palm fruit development.

Results

Overall, climatic conditions explained < 1% of the total variation in yield. In contrast, variation in yield among plantations accounted for > 50% of the explained variation in yield (of totalR2 = 0.38; median annual fresh fruit bunch yield 16.4–31.6 t/ha). The main climatic driver of yield was a positive effect of maximum monthly temperature during inflorescence development (Spearman’s Rho = 0.30), suggesting that insufficient solar radiation is the main climatic constraint to yield in our study sites. We also found positive impacts of rainfall during key stages of fruit development (infloresence abortion and sex determination: Spearman’s Rho 0.06 and 0.08 respectively, for rainfall anomalies), suggesting minor effects of water-limitation on yield; and a negative impact of maximum temperature during the month of harvest (Spearman’s Rho – 0.14 for temperature anomalies), suggesting possible heat stress impacts on plantation workers.

Conclusions

Our findings imply a relatively minor role of climate in determining yield, and potentially substantial yield gaps in some commercial plantations in Malaysia (possibly up to ~ 50%). Thus, there appear to be substantial opportunities for improving oil palm yield in existing plantations in Malaysia, with further research needed to identify the drivers of such yield gaps.
The management of depression: the evidence speaks for itself
Authors: Malhi Gin S. , Bell Erica , Bassett Darryl , Boyce Philip , Bryant Richard , Hopwood Malcolm , Lyndon Bill , Mulder Roger , Porter Richard , Singh Ajeet B. , Murray Greg
Published: September 2022

Comparing the recommendations of two recently published national clinical practice guidelines for depression, this editorial highlights the concordance of advice concerning the selection and sequencing of therapies. Lifestyle and psychological interventions feature prominently and there is broad agreement regarding medication choice and optimisation strategies. The guidelines are therefore a useful resource.
Who Matters Most? Migrant Networks, Tie Strength, and First Rural–Urban Migration to Dakar
Authors: Boujija Yacine , Bignami Simona , Delaunay Valérie , Sandberg John
Published: September 2022

Social networks' influence on migration has long been explored largely through the lenses of cumulative causation and social capital theory. This article aims to reconceptualize elements of these theories for the case of rural–urban migration and test their utility in explaining first-migration timing. We use a uniquely extensive social network survey linked to prospectively collected migration data in rural Senegal. We decompose migrant networks into return migrants, current migrants, and nonmigrant residents of the destination to capture heterogeneity in migration-relevant social capital. As expected, the number of nonmigrant alters living in the capital, Dakar, has an outsized association with the migration hazard, the number of current migrants from the village living in Dakar has a smaller association, and the number of return migrants has little association. Drawing on social capital theory, we test the influence of (1) subjectively assessed tie strength between the ego and their network alters and (2) structurally weak ties measured through second-order (“friend of a friend”) connections. Weak and strong subjective ties to current migrants and nonmigrant Dakar residents are positively associated with the first-migration hazard. Structurally weak ties to current migrants are too, but only for individuals with no direct ties to current migrants.
Caught in a Conflict of Loyalties
Authors: Talbot Cynthia
Published: September 2022

In tribute to Allison Busch, who did so much to restore the reputation of vernacular literature not just as poetry but also as history, Talbot offers an account of an obscure Rajput warrior from Bikaner who decided it would be better to die. In asking why Ramsingh Kalyanmalot sought death in 1577, we must address the larger issue of the changes wrought on the Rajput world by the expanding power of the Mughal empire, one of the main questions that Busch probed in her research. Vernacular texts composed at Rajput courts not only provide a valuable alternate perspective on the power dynamics of the Mughal era, as Busch repeatedly pointed out, but can also cast light on the lives of locally powerful men who hardly figure in imperially sponsored Persian histories. In Dalpat Vilas, a prose biography composed in Marwari, we witness the dilemma of Ramsingh, a second son who was caught between his older brother, the Bikaner Raja and obedient Mughal servant, and his younger brothers, occasional bandits who wandered freely. Their story illustrates how competing loyalties and priorities could strain brotherly bonds, especially in times of political turmoil.
Who Killed Arjun Singh?
Authors: Pinch William R.
Published: September 2022

In this essay William R. Pinch probes whether and how we might understand early Hindi poetry as a form of history, a theme that Allison Busch explored in a series of essays. His focus is on two late eighteenth-century poems that Allison, Dalpat Rajpurohit, and Pinch translated between 2009 and 2017, especially on the climactic event of the poems: the killing and beheading of the Rajput Arjun Singh by Anupgiri Gosain (a.k.a. Himmat Bahadur). In the course of the essay Pinch describes two visits to eastern Bundelkhand in search of traces of the events and personalities described in the poems. These journeys revealed convincing evidence, in the form of oral tradition, that Arjun was killed by his kinsmen (and not by Anupgiri). Though this necessarily complicates a straightforward reading of early Hindi poetry as history, it also prompts further reflection on why the poets depicted the killing of Arjun in the manner they did—and on the implications for the multilayered historical truth claims of Hindi poetry.
Revolution and Rehearsal in the Global South
Authors: Azoulay Ariella Aïsha , Daulatzai Sohail , Davari Arash , Diallo Mamadou , Khalili Bouchra , Zeleke Elleni Centime
Published: September 2022

This dialogue, recorded in late 2020, brings together a group of remarkable critics and creators working between Asia, Africa, and the West, each of whom address the relationship between revolutions and archives in their own practice. What does it mean, in practice, to unlearn the archive? What does it mean to do so from the global periphery, the still present specter of a third world?
The Cruel Optimism of Decolonization
Authors: Lee Christopher J.
Published: September 2022

This roundtable intervention applies the concept of cruel optimism, as formulated by Lauren Berlant, to situations of decolonization with the purpose of understanding the myths and fantasies of political self-determination. It also examines the idea of a Jacobin spirit, as explored by C. L. R. James, as a counterpoint to the limits of cruel optimism. This intervention subsequently concludes that interpretations of decolonization that assert either tragic or utopian outcomes must be redrawn to accommodate these competing perspectives. Decolonization and revolution, as mutual political phenomena of the “Third World Historical,” inhabit temporalities of incompletion, of unsustained dialectics, that require the continuation of political struggle by other means.
Writing Revolution as if Women Mattered
Authors: Sohrabi Naghmeh
Published: September 2022

Women took part in revolutions and appear in their historical sources with more frequency than our interpretations of revolutions-as-revolutions reflect. Sources are replete with women who both moved through spaces of revolution and shaped these spaces through their movements, spaces without which revolutions as movements of people—and not just production and consumption of ideas—would be impossible. This article argues that writing revolutions as if women mattered not only is about the inclusion of women but also is the gateway into a more capacious understanding of revolutions. To do so requires an analytical shift away from revolution as intellectual work to revolution as political work. Using Iran's armed struggle movement in the lead up to the 1979 revolution, this article demonstrates how this distinction brings into focus aspects of revolutions that were formed in the ephemerality of action and, at times, inaction, thus expanding what counts as revolutionary history, valid methods for historical inquiry, sources, and interpretation.
The Analgesic Effect of Resistance Training after Breast Cancer (ANTRAC): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: RASMUSSEN GORM HENRIK FOGH , KRISTIANSEN MATHIAS , ARROYO-MORALES MANUEL , VOIGT MICHAEL , MADELEINE PASCAL
Published: September 2022

Objective

The objective of this blinded parallel-arm randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on pain, maximal strength, and shoulder function in breast cancer survivors (BCS) with persistent pain after treatment.

Methods

Twenty BCS with self-reported pain ≥1.5 yr after treatment were randomized to an experimental group (EXP, n = 10), who performed a supervised progressive total body heavy RT program 2 times per week for 12 wk, or a control group (CON, n = 10), who was instructed to continue their everyday life. Perceived pain intensity, pressure pain threshold (PPT) levels, one-repetition maximum (1RM), and active range of motion were collected pre- and postintervention and at 3 months follow-up.

Results

There was a significant 11% decrease in peak pain intensity (P < 0.05) for both groups, a significant 48% increase in 1RM (P < 0.05), and a significant 35% increase in PPT levels (P < 0.001) for EXP, but not for CON. For EXP, maximal strength at follow-up was still significantly greater than at preintervention (P < 0.05), whereas PPT levels had reverted to baseline levels. There was no change in active range of motion (P < 0.05) and no change in arm circumference (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

RT had a significant effect on 1RM and PPT of BCS with persistent pain after treatment, demonstrating both a functional and analgesic effect of progressive RT in this population. Strength was largely maintained after detraining, whereas PPT levels were not, indicating that the process of RT rather than the gain in strength may be associated with analgesia.
Cardiac Care in Belize: Building a Local, Sustainable Program from “Square One”
Authors: Skipper Eric , Johnson Theresa , R Francis
Published: September 2022

Objectives:  The authors explore building a sustainable cardiac program in Belize from ground zero.  

Methods:  Leveraging previously proven experience and expertise of Francis Robicsek, MD PhD in Guatemala, the authors outline the steps taken to duplicate the program.

Results:  A 5-year commitment timeline between the supporting organization and the host medical facility in Belize is the first step toward achieving sustainability. We are already seeing results through advance training and hiring of healthcare providers.

Conclusion:  “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day.  Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.”(1)  Our role is to provide assistance and support, so that we leave competent and skilled medical professionals behind to assess, diagnose and treat current and future generations.
Information and communication integration in smart factory design
Authors: Fauska Christian , Kniežová Jaroslava
Published: September 2022

Strategic smart factory design is essential to utilize Industry 4.0 technologies in production environments effectively. Although a series of earlier reviews in the context of smart manufacturing have been published, so far none addresses smart factory design, i. e. the planning and operation of smart factories.  This review provides an overview of recent research in the field by systematizing opportunities, risks and success factors of smart factory design as available from recent empirical studies (2018-2022). Businesses are informed how smart factory design should be approached and implemented to realize cost advantages and increase competitiveness. Academic research benefits of a classification of relevant issues and open research fields are outlined.
Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals after dredging in Mogan Lake, Turkey
Authors: Binici Arzu , Pulatsü Serap
Published: September 2022

The lake management strategy of sediment dredging (removal) is periodically undertaken in shallow, eutrophic Mogan Lake, an important recreation area. This study aims to use certain indices - enrichment index (EF), contamination/pollution index (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), pollution load index (PLI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (Eri), integrated ecological risk index (PER), and mean probable effect concentration quotient (mPEC-Q) - to evaluate the state of sediment pollution in the lake after dredging. With this in mind, after dredging was completed, two stations in the littoral zone were selected. Station I was located especially where it would be reached by wastewater from mineral processing facilities and domestic areas; and Station II, where it would be reached by residential and agricultural wastewater. Surface sediment samples were taken repeatedly in May and November 2020 using a sediment grabber. According to the study findings, a) Among the heavy metals studied (Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn), Cu, As, and Cd were found to have the highest enrichment and contamination indices; b) The pollution load index (PLI) values (1.30-2.26) suggest heavy metal pollution in the sediment, and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values show intensive Pb contamination at both stations in both months; c) In terms of potential ecological risk index (Eri), Cd was found to have a significant level of ecological risk index; d) The integrated risk index (PER) indicates that all heavy metals in the lake were present at moderate ecological risk levels. Ni and As were metals that had negative biological effects. The results indicate that a) Dredging is not a very effective tool for reducing pollution in the sediment; and b) As long as anthropogenic pollutants continue to enter the lake basin, sediment heavy metal levels should be routinely monitored, particularly those with ecological and biological effects on the sediment: Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and As. It is predicted that the findings of this study will contribute to the sediment-focused monitoring efforts of organizations and local governments.
Growth performance, molting frequency and carapace coloration of marbled crab (Pachygrapsus marmoratus) in different salinity levels
Authors: Karadal Onur
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the parameters on growth performance, molting frequency and carapace coloration of marbled crab (Pachygrapsus marmoratus Fabricius, 1787). Crabs were collected from Urla, İzmir. The experiment was performed in 10 L plastic containers filled with 6 L of seawater at four different salinity levels (5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and 35‰). Ten crabs with an initial mean weight of 0.78±0.03 g were placed in each container with three replicates. Crabs were fed once a day with a commercial diet (46% protein and 18% lipid) for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, the final mean weight (FMW) of the 25‰ group was significantly higher than the 5‰ and 15‰ groups (P<0.05). Specific growth rates (SGR) of the 15‰ and the 35‰ groups and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the 25‰ group were significantly higher than the 5‰ group (P<0.05). The mean molting frequency (MMF) of the 25‰ group was significantly higher than the 5‰ group (P<0.05). Final lightness (L*) of the 5‰ and 15‰ were significantly lower than their initials (P<0.05). Final redness (a*) of the 25‰ group was the highest among the experimental groups (P<0.05). Final yellowness (b*) of the 25‰ group was significantly higher than the 5‰ and 15‰ groups (P<0.05). According to the results, it is recommended to keep the salinity at 25‰ under marble crab rearing conditions. Further studies are needed to reveal the potential properties of this species in marine aquariums.
Contraception - methods, effectiveness and safety
Authors: Pawłowska Paulina , Ozga-Stachurska Alicja , Wójcik-Grudzień Justyna , Rozenbajgier Martyna
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The article provides an overview of the available methods of contraception, effectiveness, safety, advantages and disadvantages of using a given contraceptive.

The use of contraception is becoming more and more popular in society. There are many methods of contraception. The choice depends mainly on the patient's preferences, but diseases and a well-collected history are also important.

 

The aim of the study

Review the latest literature on methods of contraception

 

Material and methods

The research was conducted using Articles by PubMed and Google Scholar on methods of contraception

Description of the state of knowledge: 

There are many methods of contraception, Hormonal methods include oral contraceptive pills, contraceptive patches, implants, hormone injections. Barrier products such as copper / levonogestrel IUDs prevent pregnancy by creating a mechanical barrier to prevent conception.  [1,2] The most common method - the use of condoms prevents sperm from entering the uterus. All products and methods have benefits and potential complications, therefore the method should be selected individually for each patient. [6,7]

Summary:

There are many types of contraception . Some of them are almost 100% effective in preventing pregnancy.  [1,3,4,5,] It should be remembered that each method of contraception should be selected individually, depending on the patient's needs. [8,9]
Tourette syndrom - a review of current literature
Authors: Wójcik-Grudzień Justyna , Rozenbajgier Martyna , Ozga-Stachurska Alicja , Pawłowska Paulina
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Tourette syndrome is a disorder characterized by tics. It usually begins in childhood and often remains in adulthood. Tiki is best described as body movements performed automatically excluding the patient's will. It affects boys more often than girls and is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The etiology of Tourette syndrome has not yet been fully clarified.
The aim of the study
Review the latest literature on Tourette syndrome.
Material and methods
The research was conducted using Articles by PubMed and Google Scholar on Tourette syndrome.
Description of the state of knowledge
Tourette syndrome is a movement disorder most commonly found in schoolchildren. The occurrence peaks in the pre-puberty period, and half of the cases disappear in early adulthood and, while the severity of occurrence is higher than commonly assumed.  It is often associated with mentally concomitant diseases, mainly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Given the diverse presentation, Tourette's syndrome can mimic many hyperkinetic disorders, making it difficult or delaying correct diagnosis.  Treatment can be behavioral, pharmacological or surgical and is dependent on the symptoms causing the greatest dysfunction.
Summary
      Tourette syndrome can cause severe stress and worsen health-related quality of life. Often it is an embarrassing condition for patients. Treatment is multimodal, however, an important issue of treatment among patients is to undertake psychotherapy, so as not to perpetuate the tic reflex, as well as to cope with functioning in society.
How Do High and Low Burnout Students Cope with Stressful Situations? Examining Associations Between Coping Mechanism and School Burnout Syndrome
Authors: Tomaszek Katarzyna , Muchacka-Cymerman Agnieszka
Published: September 2022

Previous studies confirmed that maladaptive coping strategies are strongly connected to job burnout. However, little is known about the association between coping strategies and student burnout and the differences between high and low burnout adolescents in the frequency of using them. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between strategies of coping with stress and school burnout among Polish high school students. 230 adolescents from Poland (25.7% boys) aged 17–20 (M = 18.25, SD = 0.45) participated in the study. The Polish version of SSBS scale for assessment of the level of school burnout and the Brief Cope Inventory were used. School burnout was significantly associated with lower level of problem-focused coping strategies and higher level of emotion-focused maladaptive coping strategies. Statisticalanalysis confirmed the significant differences in the frequency of using maladaptive coping strategies between high and low burnout students. Regression analysis revealed that lower positive reframing and higher self-blame were the strongest predictors of school burnoutlevel. In the final regression model, 17% of variances in SSBS total score was explained by such coping strategies as: positive reframing, turning to religion, searching for emotional support and denial and venting. We confirmed the significant role of maladaptive coping strategies inincreasing burnout among young people. The findings also indicated that in preventing high school students’ burnout, more attention should be paid to enhancement of problem-focused coping strategies such as positive reframing, turning to religion and emotional support.
Post-Accession Economic Migration of Young Adults as Element of Changing Career Patterns in Poland
Authors: Kozielska Joanna Wanda , Piorunek Magdalena
Published: September 2022

The results presented in this paper were obtained as part of a research project (funded by the National Science Centre in Kraków – NN 106 348 140) entitled: Economic Migration andReturning Home as Experienced by Contemporary Poles. A Social Pedagogy Study. Quantitative research strategies were used (N-174) – a diagnostic survey, and the basic problem was – What experiences related to work (before, during and after emigration) do young Poles have? This article reviews how vocational career patterns changed against the background of the social and cultural transformations that took place in Poland; it also addresses economic migration as a part of these transformations and identifies career guidance in the context of migration experiences of young adults. Sampling studies of young adults (return migrants) revealed significance they assigned to their labour migration experiences that mainly involved 3D (dirty, dull, dangerous) jobs. A two-stage skill depreciation was found – brain waste (before and during migration) and the reasons for the waste as well as its consequences for the future career potential (post-migration “CV gaps” vs. the sense of agency, resourcefulness).
Using ultrasound to evaluate facial fillers and other commonly encountered aesthetic skin issues
Authors: Miller Amy
Published: September 2022

Handheld high-frequency ultrasound is a helpful tool for an aesthetic injector, and its use is becoming more common in aesthetic practices. Ultrasound can be used to guide dermal filler injections and avoid complications. With ultrasound, the practitioner can garner clues to identify the type and age of previously injected fillers. It can help determine the best depth or plane of injections, as well as monitor the efficacy of aesthetic treatments other than injections and monitor the progression of certain dermatologic diseases. The aesthetic practitioner should seriously consider adding ultrasound to their diagnostic armamentarium.
The influence of TikTok on dermatology, aesthetics and skincare
Authors: Haykal Diala
Published: September 2022

This is an update of Diala Haykal's presentation at the Skin and Digital Summit, which took place at International Master Course on Aging Science (IMCAS) 2022 in Paris