bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA, FAT PAD AND DURAL MATRIX IN PREVENTING EPIDURAL FIBROSIS
Authors: Guler Serkan , Akcali Omer , Sen Baran , Micili Serap Cilaker , Sanli Namık Kemal , Cankaya Deniz
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: Epidural fibrosis is one of the main reasons for requiring repeated surgical intervention. Our objective was to compare the effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) on the development of epidural fibrosis with collagen dural matrix and free autogenous fat graft. Methods: Male rats were separated into 3 groups. Laminectomy was implemented on the rats and epidural fat pad was placed in the first group (n = 7); equal size of collagen dural matrix was applied in the second group (n = 7); a single dose of PRP was applied in the third group (n = 7). Results: Epidural fibrosis was more common in the group that collagen dural matrix was applied when compared the ones that PRP was applied. PRP group presented better values in preventing epidural fibrosis when compared to the fat pad group, however this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: PRP is a material that can be easily obtained from the very blood of patients and at an extremely low cost; the main clinical relevance of our study is that the PRP might be an efficient material for better clinical results after laminectomy surgery due to its tissue healing and epidural fibroris preventing potentials. Level of Evidence V, Animal research.
Ensaio sobre o método clínico na psicanálise com crianças
Authors: França Rafaela Mota Paixão , Passos Maria Consuêlo
Published: January 2020

A finalidade deste ensaio é discutir a qualidade do método clínico na psicanálise com crianças, a partir das contribuições de D. W. Winnicott sobre o brincar e o conceito elasticidade da técnica de S. Ferenczi. Uma vinheta ilustra como novas estratégias clínicas de escuta e enquadramento interrogam os valores metodológicos e éticos, problematizando o campo da técnica. Concluímos que a qualidade da ação terapêutica passa pelo esforço do analista em salvaguardar a capacidade criativa e livre em sua arte de psicanalisar.
Projeto de uma (psico)patologia do sujeito (I): Redefinição do conceito de psicopatologia à luz da questão do sujeito
Authors: Pereira Mario Eduardo Costa
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho propõe as bases teóricas para a elaboração de uma nova definição de Psicopatologia , concebendo-a como o estudo dos impasses mórbidos perturbando, ou mesmo impedindo, a realização de um sujeito singular no interior do laço social. A noção de sujeito aqui em questão é aquela decorrente do pensamento psicanalítico de Freud e Lacan. A (psico)patologia do sujeito apoia-se nas ideias de Viktor von Waizsaecker, para quem a “patologia”, diferentemente da noção biológica de “doença”, é um fenômeno que pressupõe um sujeito enquanto tal. Inspira-se, igualmente, da obra de Pierre Fédida que sustenta que a psicopatologia se refere fundamentalmente ao pathos subjetivo, em suas múltiplas dimensões semânticas de passividade, sofrimento e paixão. As consequências da redefinição da (psico)patologia aqui proposta incidem sobre o conjunto das práticas clínicas, sejam elas psicanalíticas, médico-psiquiátricas ou outras, através da especificação ética e técnica do tratamento, agora orientado pelo cuidado com a realização possível e responsável do sujeito enquanto ser de linguagem, no interior do laço social.
Um estudo bibliométrico nos Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria (1943-1962): descortinando práticas e conhecimentos psicológicos
Authors: Xavier Marciana Vieira de Souza , Veras André Barciela , Constantino Michel , Polanco Fernando Andrés , Miranda Rodrigo Lopes
Published: January 2020

A profissionalização da Psicologia, no Brasil, ocorreu em meio a embates entre diferentes profissionais envolvidos com suas aplicações, na primeira metade do século XX. Parte desses embates estava circunscrita às aplicações clínicas dos métodos e técnicas psicológicas, elementos que circulavam entre a Psicologia, a Psiquiatria e a Psicanálise. Nessa direção, esta pesquisa lança luz historiográfica a práticas e conhecimentos psicológicos que circularam nos Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, entre 1943 e 1962. Os resultados sugerem a presença de métodos e técnicas psicológicas para lidar com quadros clínicos variados, sendo prevalente a apropriação de teorias psicodinâmicas. Nota-se, portanto, apropriações clínicas da neuropsiquiatria que auxiliam em uma compreensão ampliada de embates científico-profissionais quando da regulamentação da formação e da profissão de psicólogo, no país.
The impact of different types of innovation and governmental support in the performance of firms: the case of Central and Eastern Europe manufacturing SMEs
Authors: PAULA FÁBIO DE OLIVEIRA , SILVA JORGE FERREIRA DA
Published: January 2020

Abstract This study examined companies from two different groups of countries in Central and Eastern Europe and their partnerships with the Government for the development of four types of innovation (product, process, organizational, and marketing). The research included ex-soviet republics (Eu members and non-members), and observed how each type of innovation affects the firms’ financial performance. A sample of 1,143 manufacturing SMEs from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) were tested using multiple regression and logit. Based on the absorptive capacity theory, the results show that manufacturing SMEs from EU-member countries have a higher absorptive capacity and take advantage of the EU’s innovation promotion programs to innovate. On the other hand, the SMEs from non EU-member states perceive a quicker effect of the innovations in financial performance, considering that there is a technological gap between the two groups (non EU-members are less developed). Also, the introduction of different types of innovations simultaneously boosts the performance of firms from non EU-member countries in the short run.
Características de empresas e de inovações e suas relações com barreiras à inovação no setor de serviços brasileiro
Authors: VINCENZI TICIANA BRAGA de , CUNHA JOÃO CARLOS da
Published: January 2020

Resumo Inovar é arriscado: há muitos obstáculos internos ou externos à empresa e não há garantia de sucesso. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as características de empresas e de inovações desenvolvidas e suas relações com barreiras à inovação em empresas de serviços. Foram selecionadas empresas brasileiras que desenvolveram processos de inovação entre 2009 e 2014. As barreiras à inovação foram obtidas nos dados da Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica (Pintec) do IBGE. De acordo com o referencial teórico de pesquisas sobre inovação em países emergentes e desenvolvidos, foram elaboradas cinco hipóteses e selecionadas variáveis para verificar o comportamento das barreiras por meio de testes não paramétricos. Os resultados em relação à hipótese 1 indicam que, entre 2009 e 2011, as empresas com capital controlador nacional aferiram maiores barreiras do que as estrangeiras. As demais características das empresas não apresentaram diferenças significativas. As empresas que: lançaram conjuntamente inovações de produto e de processo (hipótese 2); desenvolveram inovações completamente novas (hipótese 3); e as que implantaram inovações organizacionais e de marketing (hipótese 4) indicaram maiores barreiras do que as demais empresas. Os Technology-Based Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (T-KIBS) conferiram maiores barreiras do que outras empresas (hipótese 5) entre 2012 e 2014. Os resultados sugerem que, para realizar inovações radicais, as empresas precisam modificar seus processos visando gerar produtos inteiramente novos, o que as faz enfrentar mais dificuldades. Também ressaltam a importância das inovações organizacionais e de marketing no fomento dos outros tipos de inovação, especialmente nas empresas de serviços.
Inovação Frugal: origens, evolução e perspectivas futuras
Authors: KOERICH GRAZIELE VENTURA , CANCELLIER ÉVERTON LUÍS PELLIZZARO DE LORENZI
Published: January 2020

Resumo A inovação frugal tornou-se recentemente um tópico relevante no discurso social e acadêmico. O verdadeiro desafio para essa nova manifestação de inovação caracteriza-se pela introdução de algo novo ou diferente com uso de poucos recursos. As inovações frugais têm ocorrido, em geral, associadas a economias emergentes nas quais se encontram grandes grupos de consumidores na base da pirâmide com necessidades não atendidas. Todavia há evidências crescentes de que este fenômeno está se tornando relevante também nas nações industrializadas, potencialmente afetando a competitividade das empresas domésticas em longo prazo, não apenas no exterior, mas também localmente. Como consequência, os estudiosos da inovação frugal começaram a investigar tentativas de sistematizar esse campo emergente de pesquisa e promover o desenvolvimento desse debate. Desse modo, este ensaio teórico tem por objetivos: apresentar a origem e evolução da abordagem da inovação frugal e sua caracterização atual na literatura; em seguida, discutir perspectivas futuras de estudo no tema; por fim, sugere-se que estudos futuros invistam em pesquisas empíricas, enriquecendo os debates existentes sobre a inovação frugal, principalmente da lente do desenvolvimento econômico local, por meio de resultados financeiros e retornos econômicos. Reforça-se também a necessidade de desenvolvimento de instrumentos de mensuração de inovação frugal.
Innovation management in information technology service companies in Brazil: planned innovation, rapid application and deliberate a posteriori innovation models
Authors: KITSUTA CARLA M , QUADROS RUY
Published: January 2020

Resumo Apesar de serviços serem considerados distintos de produtos, os modelos de gestão da inovação, consolidados e desenvolvidos com base em empresas industriais, são ainda apontados como rota principal para o desenvolvimento de inovações também em empresas de serviços. A percepção de que a inovação em serviços pode ocorrer em múltiplas dimensões, de maneira planejada, mas também de maneira não deliberada, identificada a posteriori, mostra a necessidade de aprofundamento dos estudos sobre processos de inovação em empresas de serviços. Com base em um estudo de casos múltiplos, com dez empresas brasileiras de controle nacional prestadoras de serviços de tecnologia da informação (TI), analisamos neste artigo os modelos consolidados de gestão da inovação, baseados em planejamento prévio e execução do plano de inovação como os processos estruturados de desenvolvimento de novos serviços (NSD) - também aplicáveis a empresas de serviços de TI. Concluímos que os modelos consolidados de gestão da inovação são aplicáveis, porém foram identificadas quatro outras possibilidades. Três delas estão descritas na literatura: modelo de aplicação rápida por compressão, modelo de aplicação rápida experiencial e modelo baseado na prática. Também identificamos um modelo ainda não descrito, que denominamos inovação deliberada a posteriori, resultado de uma estratégia de inovação baseada na prestação de serviços. Apesar de modelos de gestão da inovação não conseguirem captar toda a diversidade existente em cada setor, reconhecer as possibilidades de inovação e de processos abre caminho para que as empresas desenvolvam competências e intensifiquem seus esforços de inovação.
Renal osteodystrophy and clinical outcomes: data from the Brazilian Registry of Bone Biopsies - REBRABO
Authors: Carbonara Cinthia Esbrile Moraes , Reis Luciene Machado dos , Quadros Kélcia Rosana da Silva , Roza Noemi Angelica Vieira , Sano Rafael , Carvalho Aluizio Barbosa , Jorgetti Vanda , Oliveira Rodrigo Bueno de
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Mineral and bone disorders (MBD) are major complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related adverse outcomes. The Brazilian Registry of Bone Biopsy (REBRABO) is an electronic database that includes renal osteodystrophy (RO) data. We aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of RO in a sample of CKD-MBD Brazilian patients and understand its relationship with outcomes. Methods: Between August 2015 and March 2018, 260 CKD-MBD stage 3-5D patients who underwent bone biopsy were followed for 12 to 30 months. Clinical-demographic, laboratory, and histological data were analyzed. Bone fractures, hospitalizations, and death were considered the primary outcomes. Results: Osteitis fibrosa, mixed uremic osteodystrophy, adynamic bone disease, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and aluminum (Al) accumulation were detected in 85, 43, 27, 10, 77, and 65 patients, respectively. The logistic regression showed that dialysis vintage was an independent predictor of osteoporosis (OR: 1.005; CI: 1.001-1.010; p = 0.01). The multivariate logistic regression revealed that hemodialysis treatment (OR: 11.24; CI: 1.227-100; p = 0.03), previous parathyroidectomy (OR: 4.97; CI: 1.422-17.241; p = 0.01), and female gender (OR: 2.88; CI: 1.080-7.679; p = 0.03) were independent predictors of Al accumulation; 115 patients were followed for 21 ± 5 months. There were 56 hospitalizations, 14 deaths, and 7 fractures during follow-up. The COX regression revealed that none of the variable related to the RO/turnover, mineralization and volume (TMV) classification was an independent predictor of the outcomes. Conclusion: Hospitalization or death was not influenced by the type of RO, Al accumulation, or TMV classification. An elevated prevalence of osteoporosis and Al accumulation was detected.
Field test of a floating thermal pile in sensitive clay
Authors: Bergström Anders , Javed Saqib , Dijkstra Jelke
Published: January 2020

The response of floating pile foundations in deep deposits of soft clay is governed by the settlements within the clay deposit surrounding the piles. A long-duration thermal response test (TRT) has been performed to assess the impact of heating and cooling on the geotechnical performance of a vertically loaded slender tubular steel pile in a deep deposit of sensitive clay. The results from the instrumented test site indicate that negligible excess pore water pressures, up to 3 kPa during heating and down to −1·1 kPa during cooling, were generated in the soil adjacent to the pile for a 50 W/m heat flux. The heating rate was sufficiently low to facilitate the drainage of pore water. The influence radius for the excess pore water pressures, however, extended beyond the soil volume affected by temperature change. The absence of thermally triggered creep settlements could be explained by the overlap between the remoulded zone resulting from pile installation, the extent of the heating, and the low creep susceptibility of remoulded sensitive clay for moderate temperature changes. Furthermore, no difference in the ultimate bearing capacity was found between the thermal pile and the reference pile, which was only loaded with a serviceability load during the test series. The current test data, therefore, indicate that driven floating piles in a deep deposit of soft clay also function as heat exchanger piles with minimal detrimental effects, for similar operational conditions as used in the TRT. It should be noted, however, that other pile types that do not extensively remould the clay adjacent to the pile shaft may show more significant influence of the thermal changes.
Evaluation of recyclable waste management of a waste pickers’ association in Belém, Brazil
Authors: Andrade Aline Azevedo , Braga Risete Maria Queiroz Leão , Fernandes Lindemberg Lima , Gomes Rodolfo Rosario Klautau de Araujo
Published: January 2020

The growth in both population and its consumption have boosted the quantity of solid waste generated and consequently the problems of its proper management. Selective collection and recycling programmes promote the reduction of the amount of waste directed to landfills, reducing their environmental impacts and increasing their lifespan. Through selective collection, the recyclable solid waste (RSW) can be directed to co-operatives of waste pickers who carry out sorting and, sometimes, can beneficiate these materials, generating employment and income for the waste pickers, promoting their social inclusion and better working conditions. This research identifies and quantifies the different materials from RSW collected and marketed by a waste pickers’ association in the municipality of Belém. Furthermore, it performs an economic evaluation of the activity, through monitoring and data collection from all steps of the recyclable waste management process (collection, transportation and marketing/disposal) by the waste pickers of the association from mid-/late October to mid-December 2016, comparing with the data obtained for 1 year by members notes and the association incomes. The results show that paper, paperboard and plastic are the main materials collected and marketed by the association and those that create higher income.
Human Pancreas Optical Clearing by iDISCO and VISIKOL v1
Authors: Campbell-Thompson Martha , Nair Malavika
Published: January 2020

Optical clearing of tissues to improve deep tissue microscopy was described over a century ago and methods have improved considerably following publication of the CLARITY method from Karl Deisseroth in 2013. Improvements in organic and inorganic methods are constantly reported for multiple species and organs. Large volume imaging was needed for human pancreas studies due to known heterogeneity in normal islet sizes and proportions of endocrine cells. Lobularity in islet beta-cell loss and islet inflammation is also seen in patients with type 1 diabetes. The iDISCO protocol allows for rapid clearing, easy staining, and high resolution confocal imaging. Human pancreas samples were cleared using iDISCO as originally published. This protocol describes steps to clear 4mm x 6mm x 400um deep sections of 4% paraformaldehyde fixed human pancreas using iDISCO-like reagents purchased from Visikol.
A Critical Analysis of the Assessment for Micro-teaching Program for English Language Teachers in the Secondary Education in Mainland China
Authors: Shi Jing
Published: January 2020

Significant effort has been made to support pre-service and novice teacher learning abroad; however, not enough attention has been paid to promoting pre-service and novice teacher learning via collaboration with peer teachers and more expert educators at secondary education level in the context of mainland China. In order to facilitate this type of teacher collaboration and provide necessary support for pre-service and novice English language teachers in high schools in the southern part of China, a micro-teaching program has been incorporated into the pre-service training for these novice teachers. The micro-teaching program aims at equipping novice teachers with relevant teaching skills and behaviors through practice of teaching under controlled conditions. The purpose of this paper is to trace the developmental trajectories of the novice teachers participating in this program and examine the effect of formal assessment on the development of novice teachers. This study reveals that the program can help teachers share teaching strategies and solve practical problems in teaching, thus novice teachers acquire teaching skills and gain confidence in teaching. It is recommended the faculty should incorporate the program not only in pre-training service for novice teachers but also in service for teachers to improve their teaching routine.
Beyond Identity Problem: Perspective of a Chinese Teacher of English
Authors: Deng Wensheng
Published: January 2020

With intensive globalization, Chinese teachers of English have more and more involved into cross-cultural communication. Throughout the communication, cultural conflicts have also arisen. Thus, Chinese English teachers have to face the conflicts in their teaching practice. For their specific and unique role, they are in the dilemma to either preserve his identity of Chinese culture or lose it to get a new identity of English culture. That is why the thesis has started to explore. The thesis digs out the reasons which have led to the conflicts of cultural identity---ideologies, the roots of the conflicts. As to the crisis of identity, the thesis offers the following solutions to Chinese English teachers. First, he should have a kind of consciousness or experience of Chinese culture and Western culture; second, he should get something critical in absorbing other cultures; third, he should remember that it is his goal to cultivate young generation with proper identity of moral attitudes, beliefs, personalities and values.
Liability of Legal Entities for Offenses Recorded by Special Technical Devices
Authors: Smolyakov P. N.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the exemption of legal entities from liability for administrative offenses recorded by special technical devices operating in an automatic mode and having functions of photo and film shooting, video recording, or by means of photo and film shooting, video recording. It is noted that the existing regulation in the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation in the interpretation of the highest court and other courts makes such liability ephemeral, allowing to arbitrarily shift it, for example, onto natural persons, e.i. drivers of vehicles belonging to legal entities. This situation allows legal entities with a large number of commercial vehicles throughout the country to easily avoid paying large amounts of administrative fines, which has nefative effect on pumping up the treasury and encourages further illegal behavior of their drivers on the roads. The author proposes to discuss the state of legislation and law enforcement on this issue.
Compliance with the Principle of Federalism in Bringing to Administrative Responsibility
Authors: Rudenko A. V.
Published: January 2020

The subject of the study is the extension of the principle of federalism on the validity of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation. The paper raises the issue of its extension to normative legal acts adopted by the public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal normative legal acts. The author has analyzed the decisions of courts of different levels on bringing to administrative responsibility on the basis of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation for violations of the law rules of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The article contains conclusions about the need to correct the provisions of Article 1.3 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. The proposed design of the norm will clearly delineate the powers of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in determining administrative responsibility and excluding the possibility of brining to administrative responsibility for the violation of normative legal acts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal bodies on the basis of the rules of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.
Implementation of the Doctrine of Good Faith (Bona Fides) in Corporate Legal Relations
Authors: Brisov Yu. V.
Published: January 2020

Good faith (bona fides) is presented in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as a general principle and presumption. In resolving corporate disputes, the courts are governed by general principles of good faith. However, corporate relations have a specificity due to, inter alia, the variety of corporate forms. It can be assumed that the application of good faith provisions should also vary taking into account the characteristics of corporate patterns, the types and forms of corporate relations, subjective internal corporate circumstances. Common law countries have developed a system of good faith elements and special tests to apply the required requirement of good faith according to the context. A special place is given to fiduciary relations as a product of bona fides. The author has carried out a comparative analysis of the provisions of the Plenums of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the law enforcement practice of Germany, the USA, Great Britain and Canada on the issues of good faith in the consideration of corporate disputes. Special attention is paid to the interrelation between corporate ethics and law. Examining a number of key cases from the law-enforcement practice of the courts of the Anglo-American system of law, the author substantiates the possibility of applying special tests, namely, objective and subjective good faith tests, to regulate matters related to the application of the rules of good faith from the Civil Code and special laws in dealing with corporate disputes. Special attention is paid to the role of courts and permissible discretion in the formation of standards of enforcement of blanket norms and general principles of law in corporate relations.
Use of Correlation Dependencies between Criminals' and Victims' Personalities in Establishing the Circumstances of the Encroachment on Personal Freedom
Authors: Kalyuzhnyy A. N.
Published: January 2020

The forensic characteristics of crimes form a relatively stable, interconnected system. The presence of one of its elements makes it possible to state the presence of another one. This necessitates the study on correlation relationships between the elements. The analysis of the data on forensic characteristics of encroachment on personal freedom revealed that between victims and criminals there are specific relationships that form significant circumstances for the investigation of these crimes. It is substantiated that data on the identity of the victim of encroachment on personal freedom are the motivational basis for the commission of the investigated crimes, determining the mechanism of criminal behavior of the perpetrators. The author gives classification of victims of the analyzed crimes: those involving the exploitation of victims and not involving exploitation of the victims. Sociodemographic, moral, psychological and biological traits of victims’ personality distinctive of each of the identified groups are substantiated. The classification of the personality traits of criminals encroaching on personal freedom, i.e. “captors,” “slave owners,” and “imprisoners,” is given; the qualitative uniqueness of the personality traits of each group is investigated. To justify the correlation dependencies of criminals and victims, the materials of court practice are analyzed, conclusions are drawn and the results of the study are summarized.
International Legal Security of Offshore Oil and Gas Installations within the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf
Authors: Abramov N. S.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the paper is to assess the effectiveness of international legal means of preventing modern threats aimed at offshore oil and gas installations, and to find the optimal solution to eliminate the identified shortcomings. The stated goal determines two key tasks — an analysis of the applicable norms of international law and an analysis of the practice of their implementation. The first part of the paper discusses the development of the concept of security zones as the main international legal means ensuring the protection of installations within the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf. The second part examines the practice of states in enforcing laws and regulations aimed at organizing the safety of facilities in the context of the conclusions reached by international judicial authorities in the case of the Arctic Sunrise vessel. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that there is some insufficiency and inefficiency of security zones to prevent modern threats. As a solution to this problem, the author proposes to establish “warning zones”, i.e. an additional international legal means to ensure the safety of offshore oil and gas installations.
Scientific and practical conference: Turner readings
Authors: Baindurashvili Alexey G. , Zaletina Anna V. , Solovyova Karina S.
Published: January 2020

The article is dedicated to the organization and presentation of the scientific and practical conference, Turner Readings, which addressed the current issues in trauma surgery and childhood orthopedics between October 3 and 4, 2019 in St. Petersburg. The subjects discussed at the plenary and section meetings are covered, and the reports on the current level of trauma surgery and pediatric orthopedics and the prospects for the development of scientific and clinical research are analyzed. A total of 104 reports were presented. They were devoted to the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries and their sequelae and the congenital and acquired diseases of the musculoskeletal system in children. A total of 386 people from 52 regions of Russia, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Estonia, Germany, Switzerland, and Egypt registered to participate in the conference.
Classification of catenary equipment based on a coupled genetic algorithm-extreme learning machine method
Authors: Wu Changdong
Published: January 2020

In an online monitoring system for an electrified railway, it is important to classify the catenary equipment successfully. The extreme learning machine (ELM) is an effective image classification algorithm and the genetic algorithm (GA) is a typical optimisation method. In this paper,
a coupled genetic algorithm-extreme learning machine (GA-ELM) technique is proposed for the classification of catenary equipment. Firstly, the GA is used to search for optimal features by reducing the initial multi-dimensional features to low-dimensional features. Next, the optimised features
are used as the input to the ELM. The ELM algorithm is then used to classify the catenary equipment. In this process, the impacts of the activation function, the number of hidden layer neurons and different models on the performance of the ELM are discussed in turn. Finally, the proposed method
is compared with traditional methods in terms of classification accuracy and efficiency. Experimental results show that the number of feature dimensions decreases to 58% of the original number and the computational complexity is greatly decreased. Moreover, the reduced features and the few
steps of the ELM improve the classification accuracy and speed. Noticeably, when the performance of the GA-ELM method is compared with that of the ELM method, the classification accuracy rate is 93.33% compared with 85.83% and the time consumption is 2.25 s compared with 8.85 s, respectively.
That is to say, the proposed method not only decreases the number of features but also increases the classification accuracy and efficiency. This meets the needs of a real-time online condition monitoring system.
Detecting pneumatic actuator leakage using acoustic emission monitoring
Authors: Mahmoud H , Mazal P , Vlašic F
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on the development of an efficient new diagnostic procedure for checking the function of pneumatic cylinders using acoustic emission. This diagnostic procedure is able to detect distinctive differences that determine whether the cylinder is damaged or undamaged. Moreover,
the paper aims to find the diagnostic criteria that can be used to evaluate the pneumatic cylinder and detect defects. In this study, acoustic emission testing of several undamaged cylinders is carried out before artificial defects are created in each one. The signals from the progress and
retreat strokes are recorded and analysed according to many parameters. The root mean square is normalised and the different responses of damaged and undamaged pneumatic cylinders are recognised by the time delay of the strokes. The differences are identified by comparing the maximum root
mean square from sensor A and the maximum root mean square from sensor B for one cycle in the retreat stroke. The damaged and undamaged cylinders are distinguished using the difference in energy values present in the signals of the two sensors in the retreat stroke. The final evaluation of
the cylinder is determined by calculating the total value of the root mean square. This paper is a continuation of a prior article and the extension of that work.
Erosive features caused by a Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) colony on Martillo Island, Beagle Channel, Argentina
Authors: Quiroga D.R.A. , Coronato A. , Scioscia G. , Raya-Rey A. , Schiavini A. , Santos-González J. , Lopez C.R. , Redondo-Vega J.M.
Published: January 2020

An active Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) colony has been established on Martillo Island, Beagle Channel (54°54´26” S; 67°22´58” W) since 1976. It is located in remnants of eroded drumlins placed in both ending and joined by gravel terraces of glaciofluvial and marine origin. Forest patches occupy the eastern side of the island while most of the island is covered by bushes, tussocks and grasses. This paper presents penguins as bio-erosion agents on glacial and marine landforms. An analysis of multiple criteria surveyed in the field was performed, using Quantum GIS® 3.2.1 with remote sensing images and a digital model terrain of 12 m resolution. The morphometric data and multicriterial evaluation were collected during 2016-2017 austral summer. Soils and sediments of each landform (drumlin, glaciofluvial terrace, raised beach and beach) were sampled for particle size analysis, to determine if there is any relationship between the morphometric parameters of the cave and the sediments. Four bio-erosion classes were defined based on the erosion features observed in the field. “Moderate” was the prevailing erosion class recorded, in the E-NE part of the island. Bio-erosion features are mainly developed on the N facing slope of the east of the island, where a natural gully drains rainfall water, and over the glaciofluvial and marine terrace surfaces. Erosive features such as caves and bridges are mainly developed in silty drumlins. Pedestals are developed on bare soils and tussocks. Trails and cracks were also described as bio-erosion. No erosive features were recorded in the W part of the island. The bio-erosion map is one of the inputs for environmental degradation analysis and population dynamic research which is being done in the Magellanic penguin colony on Martillo Island, Beagle Channel.
SOME QUESTIONS OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION AND THEIR REFLECTION IN S. A. SHEYFER'S WORKS
Authors: D'yakonova O. G.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of some aspects of regulation and enforcement of the legal institute of forensic examination and their reflection in the works by Semen Abramovich Sheyfer. Attention is paid to the issue of the essence of forensic examination as an investigative or procedural action, the conclusion is made about forensic examination as a complex procedural action. There is still some discussion about the possibility of not only the appointment, but, above all, the production of forensic examination before the initiation of criminal proceedings. Giving a positive answer to this question, the author formulated several criteria that are mandatory for compliance. Summarizing the opinions of scientists on the possibility of a specialist to conduct research identical to the expert, the article emphasizes the impossibility of this action. Revealing the question of samples for comparative research, the author focuses on the essence of this action, concluding that it is either a procedural action or an action carried out within the framework of an expert experiment. Arguing about the possibilities of the parties to file petitions for the appointment and production of forensic examination, the author substantiates the idea that today there is a need to provide participants with the right to submit to the investigator or the judge an expert opinion obtained as a result of the independent treatment of participants to the expert (alternative examination). It is assumed that this right should be guaranteed by the obligatory inclusion of such an opinion in the criminal case and its evaluation as an expert opinion.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF ESTABLISHMENT SIGNIFICANT FOR THE CRIMINAL CASE OF CIRCUMSTANCES AT THE CONCLUSION OF PRE-TRIAL COOPERATION AGREEMENT
Authors: Loshkobanova Ya. V.
Published: January 2020

The development of modern Russian criminal justice goes in the direction of simplification of the order of activity of officials and state bodies. Models are created that exclude or limit the use of traditional methods of obtaining and researching evidence. The pre-trial cooperation agreement is one such innovative model, the application of which is based on exclusive rules of evidence. Their application in practice causes numerous problems in various spheres: from establishing the necessary facts to ensuring the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings. Particularly relevant is the resolution of such problems as determining the subject of proof at the conclusion of pretrial agreement on cooperation, verification of the validity of charges brought against the accused, the recovery of certain procedural powers of the court in the study of actual data in special judicial proceedings, etc. Based on the results of scientific research of the outstanding scientist-processualist S. A. Sheyfer, the author formulates his own conclusions and proposals for the resolution of these procedural problems to establish the actual circumstances arising at the conclusion of a pre-trial agreement on cooperation.
Cereal grain resorcinolic lipids inhibit H2O2-induced peroxidation of biological membranes.
Authors: Kozubek A , Nienartowicz B
Published: January 2020

Cereal grain resorcinolic lipids (5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols) at micromolar concentrations are able to protect the erythrocyte membrane against hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid oxidation. The antioxidative effect is dependent upon chain length of alkylresorcinol molecules. The C15:0 homolog (IC50 of 10 microM) exhibited strongest activity whereas for long chain homologs (C19:0 and C23:0) IC50 values were higher, 32.5 and 59 microM, respectively. The protective effect of alkylresorcinolic antioxidants was also dependent on their incorporation into the membrane, that is governed by their water-membrane partition coefficient. The results obtained show that alkylresorcinols should be recognized as hydrophobic, membrane-localised antioxidants.
Energy metabolism in plants under water deficits.
Authors: Zagdańska B
Published: January 2020

Regardless of the mechanisms of stress resistance, the maintenance of functional integrity in plants imposes an energetic cost. This mini-review summarized the present knowledge on energy metabolism in plants under drought conditions with the focus on studies performed on wheat in author's laboratory.
Influence of ethanol on the activity of glycosidases in rats exposed to cadmium (Cd2+).
Authors: Arciuch L P , Omasta A , Rostkowska K , Gałazyn-Sidorczuk M , Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J , Zwierz K
Published: January 2020

Inhibition by ethanol of the activities of lysosomal exoglycosidases in stomach, small intestine, liver and brain of rats exposed to cadmium (Cd2+) was determined. Out of the glycosidases tested the most distinct effect of Cd2+ and ethanol administered to the rats in vivo was observed in the small intestinal mucosa in a decreasing order: N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-fucosidase.
Structural aspects of the inhibition and catalytic mechanism of thymidylate synthase.
Authors: Hardy L W
Published: January 2020

Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target for anticancer drugs, due to its unique role in the biosynthesis of an essential DNA precursor. The X-ray structures available for several bacterial enzymes have been used to design novel inhibitors of TS, to structurally analyze the binding mode of existing inhibitors, and to propose catalytic roles for amino-acid residues on the protein. The first part of this paper describes some aspects of structure-based drug design, including a recent result from the groups of Montfort and Maley emphasizing the importance of conformational changes in inhibitor binding. The second part of the paper describes the work of the author on the TS mechanism, especially the catalytic roles of active site amino acids Asn177 and Glu58 in TS from Escherichia coli. An important function for Glu58 is proposed to be preventing the excessive stabilization of a covalent intermediate. The use of isotope effects to probe the mechanistic basis for stimulation of E. coli TS by magnesium ions, and to identify differences between the E. coli and human enzymes, is described. The hypothesis that N5 of tetrahydrofolate provides the basicity for deprotonation of the nucleotide is also discussed.
Topoisomerase II as a target for anticancer chemotherapy.
Authors: Kaufmann S H , Hancock R
Published: January 2020

Type II DNA topoisomerases are required for the segregation of genomic DNA at cell division in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and inhibitors of these enzymes are potential cytotoxic agents in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The bacterial member of the topoisomerase II family, DNA gyrase, and the chemotherapeutic agents which target it are the subject of a recent review (Maxwell, A. et al., 1993, in Molecular Biology of DNA Topoisomerases, Andoh, T. et al., eds., pp. 21-30, CRC Press, Boca Raton). Here we present an overview of current knowledge of eukaryotic topoisomerase II and the anticancer agents which target this enzyme, focussing predominantly on new observations and recent reports and reviews.
Simulation of enzyme-substrate interactions: the diffusional encounter step.
Authors: Wade R C
Published: January 2020

Enzymes are targets for structure-based redesign and drug design. One potentially important design strategy is to create molecules--enzymes and ligands--with desired diffusional encounter properties. Rates of diffusive bimolecular encounter can be calculated by Brownian dynamics simulation. This methodology and its application to study the factors influencing the rates of diffusion-influenced enzymes are described here.
Synthesis and conformational preference of novel 8-fluoroanthracyclines.
Authors: Lombardi P , Animati F , Cipollone A , Giannini G , Monteagudo E , Arcamone F
Published: January 2020

Analogues of daunorubicin possessing a fluorine atom at position C(8) of ring A have been synthesized with the aim of comparing their DNA-drug interaction and antitumour properties with those of the clinically useful anthracyclines doxorubicin and idarubicin. The synthesis of (8S)-8-fluoro-4-demethoxydaunorubicin, 1, is reported and molecular mechanics and NMR studies which guided towards the synthesis of the epimeric (8R)-8-fluoro-4-demethoxydaunorubicin, 2, are discussed. Both compounds were prepared by divergent routes starting from the common intermediate, 6, obtained via the Diels-Alder cyclisation between quinizarin diquinone, 3, and 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-butadiene, 4. The synthesis of the (8S)-fluoroepimer proceeded via epoxidation of the C(8)-C(9) olefinic bond of 6, oxidation, oxirane cleavage by BF3.Et2O to give the fluorohydroxyketone, 9, followed by the introduction of the hydroxyl moiety at C(7) and glycosylation. Conversely, the synthesis of the (8R)-fluoroepimer involved the fluorobromination of the C(8)-C(9) olefinic bond of 6, formation of the C(9)-C(13) epoxide, 20 which, after regioselective hydrolysis and oxidation of the resulting fluorodiol to the epimeric fluorohydroxyketone, 21, similarly gave the desired fluoroaglycone, 25 and, hence, the corresponding glycoside, 2. The cytotoxic properties of the two 8-fluoroanthracycline analogues, 1 and 2, were markedly affected by the stereochemistry of the fluorine substituent.
Formation of Static Characteristics of a Diesel Engine
Authors: Kuznetsov A.G. , Kharitonov S.V.
Published: January 2020

The introduction of modern diesel fuel supply systems and the use of electronic components in control systems provide new possibilities for shaping engine characteristics targeted at specific energy consumers. Under these conditions, the type of engine characteristics is determined by the operation of the air supply system. This work examines the formation of static characteristics for a promising D500 diesel engine for train and ship power plants. Modeling of the diesel operation modes is carried out on computer models in the MATLAB/Simulink and Diesel-RK software packages. Variants of the full-load curves of the diesel engine are presented for different ways of turbocharger control: using a turbine of variable geometry and with sequential turbocharging. The fuel supply is limited according to the air-fuel ratio and the maximum pressure in the engine cylinders. For a variable geometry turbine, a matrix of the positions of the guide vane blades is obtained from the condition of optimizing diesel modes for fuel efficiency. Possibilities to obtain the efficiency characteristic that would provide the minimal fuel consumption for train and ship power plants are shown.
Hyper Afterburner Jet Engines
Authors: Pismennyi V.L.
Published: January 2020

This paper introduces a thrust augmentation method for super- and hypersonic jet engines by means of applying water at the engine intake. This method expands the use of jet engines with subsonic combustion, allowing velocities up to Mach 8 and altitude up to 45 km. At velocities higher than 3–4 Mach, stagnation temperature of the air is getting higher than the critical temperature of water, which makes the existence of water at the gas turbine engine intake impossible. Water vapour as a working medium of a jet engine creates the so-called inner thermodynamic circle. This phenomenon defines the physics of the thrust augmentation method proposed. The author discusses three variants of hyper afterburner application: hyper afterburner turbojet, hyper afterburner ramjet, and hyper afterburner turbo ejecting engine. The presented basic specifications of the hyper afterburner engines qualitatively differ from those of their prototypes (engines without the hyper afterburner thrust augmentation function). The proposed thrust augmentation method of jet engines is of a special interest for the aerospace field, particularly, for creating air launch systems. It is shown that the application of hyper afterburner in turbo ejecting engines can increase velocity and altitude of the launch aircraft up to Mach 7 and 40 km respectively, thus opening new avenues in space exploration.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in the Early Management of Microbial Keratitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Almeida , Rosa Andreia , Soares Mário , Gil João , Costa Esmeralda , Quadrado Maria João , Murta Joaquim
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Infectious keratitis is an important cause of visual loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate anterior segment optical coherence tomography patterns in infectious keratitis and evaluate the role of this tool in the early management of this disorder.Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included patients with proven infectious keratitis, either by culture or therapeutic trial. Subjects underwent baseline anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Spectralis® anterior segment module, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) performed by the same operator. We used anterior segment optical coherence tomography vertical and horizontal raster default scans with 6.0 mm scan lines.Results: Twenty-five patients (14 men and 11 women) were included. The most common risk factors identified were ocular trauma (11 cases) and contact lens wear (7 cases). Fifteen patients presented bacterial infection; three, fungal infection; two parasitic infection; and five cases presented a negative microbiological culture. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography depicted nine distinct morphological patterns.Discussion: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography allows the depth of corneal involvement to be assessed. When the only patterns identified were hyperreflective stromal lesion and stromal edema, the visual outcome was better. Cystic spaces were present in severe bacterial keratitis.Conclusion: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography can complement biomicroscopy, allowing for a better characterization of corneal involvement at presentation that can help in staging and providing useful prognostic information.