bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Methyl and Phenyl Substituted Stannylene Units into Oligosilanes. The Influence on Optical Absorption Properties
Authors: Stella Filippo , Marschner Christoph , Baumgartner Judith
Published: December 2017

Molecules containing catenated heavy group 14 atoms are known to exhibit the interesting property of σ-bond electron delocalization. While this is well studied for oligo- and polysilanes the current paper addresses the UV-absorption properties of small tin containing oligosilanes in order to evaluate the effects of Sn–Si and Sn–Sn bonds as well as the results of substituent exchange from methyl to phenyl groups. The new stannasilanes were compared to previously investigated oligosilanes of equal chain lengths and substituent pattern. Replacing the central SiMe2 group in a pentasilane by a SnMe2 unit caused a bathochromic shift of the low-energy band (λmax = 260 nm) of 14 nm in the UV spectrum. If, instead of a SnMe2, a SnPh2 unit is incorporated, the bathochromic shift of 33 nm is substantially larger. Keeping the SnMe2 unit and replacing the two central silicon with tin atoms causes shift of the respective band (λ = 286 nm) some 26 nm to the red. A similar approach for hexasilanes where the model oligosilane [(Me3Si)3Si]2(SiMe2)2 (λmax = 253 nm) was modified in a way that the central tetramethyldisilanylene unit was exchanged for a tetraphenyldistannanylene caused a 50 nm bathochromic shift to a low-energy band with λmax = 303 nm.
A Data-Driven Response Virtual Sensor Technique with Partial Vibration Measurements Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Sun Shan-Bin , He Yuan-Yuan , Zhou Si-Da , Yue Zhen-Jiang
Published: December 2017

Measurement of dynamic responses plays an important role in structural health monitoring, damage detection and other fields of research. However, in aerospace engineering, the physical sensors are limited in the operational conditions of spacecraft, due to the severe environment in outer space. This paper proposes a virtual sensor model with partial vibration measurements using a convolutional neural network. The transmissibility function is employed as prior knowledge. A four-layer neural network with two convolutional layers, one fully connected layer, and an output layer is proposed as the predicting model. Numerical examples of two different structural dynamic systems demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. The excellence of the novel technique is further indicated using a simply supported beam experiment comparing to a modal-model-based virtual sensor, which uses modal parameters, such as mode shapes, for estimating the responses of the faulty sensors. The results show that the presented data-driven response virtual sensor technique can predict structural response with high accuracy.
Collaborative Environmental Governance, Inter-Agency Cooperation and Local Water Sustainability in China
Authors: Huang Chen , Chen Tao , Yi Hongtao , Xu Xiaolin , Chen Shiying , Chen Wenna
Published: December 2017

Administrative fragmentation among government agencies has posed a significant challenge to environmental governance. However, few studies have theoretically examined and empirically measured how local governments in China address this with collaborative approaches. Informed by the ecology of games framework (EGF), this paper examined the status of inter-agency water governance in Dongguan City: the pilot city of aquatic ecologically friendly city of China. The research question we seek to address is: What are the main characteristics of the water governance network in local China? With empirical data collected via survey questionnaires and semi-structured in-depth interviews following the EGF, we find that local agencies have realized the need for cooperation in water resource management. However, they were not substantially familiar with each other in the local policy network, failing to reach their full potential in collaboration. Social network analysis was used to analyze the collaborative network. We found that the network has a weak to moderate density, allowing for collective action problems and leading to insufficient cooperative governance. The network has presented central actors with strong bridging capital to control information and resource flows. We also find strong bonding capital among some policy actors as shown in high reciprocity, clustering coefficient and transitivity. To strengthen the effectiveness of local water governance, efforts should be made to establish a functional department and extend the boundary of collaborative network.
To What Extent Are Swiss Springs Refugial Habitats for Sensitive and Endangered Diatom Taxa?
Authors: Taxböck Lukas , Linder Hans , Cantonati Marco
Published: December 2017

Habitat alteration is one of the major drivers of species loss. Springs may be among the least affected aquatic habitats and are considered to be refugial habitats. Diatom assemblages were sampled from 74 Swiss springs comprising seven spring types over a wide altitudinal and ecological range as well as a wide range of anthropogenic modifications (alterations). Each spring was assigned to a five-point alteration scale, from natural to heavily altered. In total, 504 diatom species were recorded (not including 36 taxa that could not be identified to species level) from five microhabitats, and coded according to rarity and Red List status. The results of this extensive spring-habitat diatom survey were compared statistically with a large stream diatom dataset (DI-CH). The spring diatom microflora was more species rich and included more rare and/or threatened species than the stream microflora. The proportion of Red List species and rare species was highest in the DI-CH dataset, but the proportion of species with no Red List status and rare species was the highest in springs. Species richness, Red List status, and rarity were significantly related to the degree of spring alteration. This is consistent with the hypothesis that unaltered springs function as refuges for the Swiss fresh water microflora, and that they can be regarded as “least-impaired habitats”. These may be critically important for the conservation of the European freshwater diatom microflora.
Preparation and isolation of isobenzofuran
Authors: Peters Morten K , Herges Rainer
Published: December 2017

The synthesis, isolation and characterization of isobenzofuran are described in this publication. Isobenzofuran is of general interest in synthetic and physical organic chemistry because it is one of the most reactive dienes known. A number of synthetic pathways have been published which all suffer from disadvantages such as low yields and difficult purification. We present a synthetic pathway to prepare isobenzofuran in laboratory scale with high yields, from affordable, commercially available starting materials.
Outflow-driven Transients from the Birth of Binary Black Holes. I. Tidally Locked Secondary Supernovae
Authors: Kimura Shigeo S. , Murase Kohta , Mészáros Peter
Published: December 2017

We propose a new type of electromagnetic transient associated with the birth of binary black holes (BBHs), which may lead to merger events accompanied by gravitational waves in

. We consider the newborn BBHs formed through the evolution of isolated massive stellar binaries. For a close massive binary, consisting of a primary black hole (BH) and a secondary Wolf–Rayet (WR) star that are orbiting around each other, the spin period of the WR star can be tidally synchronized to its orbital period. Then the angular momentum of the outer material of the WR star is large enough to form an accretion disk around a newborn, secondary BH, following its core-collapse. This disk may produce an energetic outflow with a kinetic energy of

and an outflow velocity of

, resulting in an optical transient with an absolute magnitude from approximately −14 to approximatley −17 with a duration of around a day. This type of transient also produces detectable radio signals

years after the birth of BBHs, via synchrotron emission from nonthermal electrons accelerated at external shocks. The predicted optical transients have a shorter duration than ordinary core-collapse supernovae. Dedicated optical transient surveys can detect them and distinguish them from ordinary SNe using the different features of its light curve and late-time spectrum. In this paper (Paper I), we investigate disk-driven outflows from the secondary BH, whereas possible signals from the primary BH will be discussed in Paper II.
Hepatitis B virus Genotypes in West Azarbayjan Province, Northwest Iran
Authors: Khadem Ansari Mohammad Hasan , Rasmi Yousef , Abbasi Laya
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND: Infections caused by Hepatitis B are one of the world health’s most serious problems. According to assessments, nearly 500,000 to 1.2 million people die each year due to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B is one of the diseases which can be transferred through blood and its products. Clinical importance of genotypes of hepatitis B virus and their relations with mutations are well known.AIM: Since epidemiological data resulting from determining genotypes and sub-genotypes of hepatitis B can help a lot in defining a vaccination plan, antiretroviral therapy, detection and prevention of diseases, genotypes of this virus in hepatitis B patients was evaluated in West Azarbaijan province.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, serum samples of 100 hepatitis B patients which were taken randomly from Urmia University of Medical Sciences (UMSU) referrals, Urmia, Iran; and were tested positive for the presence of surface antigens of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) using ELISA method. In the first method, after extracting the DNA of the virus, sequencing of S genes was carried out using Sanger method, and the sequences were aligned and edited using Bioedit software. In the next step, phylogenic analysis of the sequences was done in comparison with the reference sequences which were extracted from a gene bank, utilising Neighbour-joining assay method with CLUSTRAL W software. To ensure genotyping accuracy, the samples were tested once more, using Nested PCR method.RESULTS: The results were consistent with the sequence method and the dominant genotype in patients suffering hepatitis was type D. In other words, Iranian’s HBV genotypic types are homogeneous and in close coordination with each other.CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal that D genotype is the main genotype of HBV in West Azarbayjan province. Presence of this genotype conformed with the low rate of acute liver diseases caused by hepatitis B chronic infection, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Fatores de sucesso na gestão da manutenção em empresas mineradoras
Authors: Viana Herbert Ricardo Garcia , Ribeiro José Luis Duarte
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar, analisar e organizar os fatores determinantes para o sucesso na Gestão da Manutenção de empresas mineradoras. A identificação e organização desses fatores apoiaram-se na revisão de literatura e discussão em grupos focados. O estudo em grupos focados foi desenvolvido conforme os seguintes passos: (i) planejamento; (ii) condução dos grupos focados; (iii) descrição, interpretação e análise dos dados. Como resultados, o estudo revelou 13 fatores de sucesso para a Gestão da Manutenção, entre eles estão: sistema de planejamento e controle da manutenção, engenharia da manutenção, inspeções preventiva e preditiva, sistema de gestão de riscos, sistema de custeio da manutenção, integração da manutenção e operação e  melhoria continua.. A identificação dos fatores de sucesso pode contribuir positivamente no desempenho da gestão da manutenção organizando o pensamento sistêmico e, consequentemente, facilitando o entendimento das suas bases e o planejamento de ações de melhoria.
Modelagem e simulação com o Arena para reduzir filas em um restaurante Self Service
Authors: Melo Joseana Vinhote , Ferreira Juliana Da Silva , Justa Marcelo Augusto Oliveira da
Published: December 2017

O objetivo deste estudo é utilizar a simulação e modelagem no Arena para verificar o comportamento dos processos do serviço self service oferecidos aos clientes pelo restaurante do Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Letras (ICHL) da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), por meio das filas e também propor cenários alternativos, além do encontrado. Os cenários alternativos são modelos computacionais criados para reproduzir uma condição real ou não. No caso do cenário encontrado, foi modelado e simulado a situação do estabelecimento enquanto no ideal e utópico, apenas sugeriu-se possibilidades de melhorias através dos resultados obtido dos relatórios no Arena. Os relatórios mostraram que o cenário encontrado era uma oportunidade de melhoria, pois o processo self service era o gargalo do serviço. Com isso, criou-se um modelo computacional chamado de cenário ideal, onde o processo gargalo ganhou mais um processo e recurso e gerando melhores resultados em relação ao modelo anterior. Como ainda havia possibilidade para melhorar esse modelo, criou-se o utópico. O cenário utópico trouxe valores bem melhores do que o ideal, sendo este o último a ser criado, pois outro modelo após ele mudava o gargalo do self service para o processo caixa.
Connaissances professionnelles et travail documentaire des enseignants : une étude de cas en chimie au lycée
Authors: Jameau Alain
Published: December 2017

Cet article porte sur le thème des connaissances professionnelles mobilisées par les enseignants de physique-chimie lors de leur travail documentaire. Nous présentons une étude de cas concernant une professeure de lycée pendant la préparation d’un TP sur l’élément cuivre par démarche d’investigation, en classe de seconde, dans le contexte du projet ANR ReVEA (Ressources vivantes pour l’enseignement et l’apprentissage). Notre approche théorique fait référence à l’approche documentaire du didactique et au concept de Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). Nous mettons en œuvre une méthodologie construite autour de « la valise documentaire » dont le but est de concevoir un système d’outils qui permet de suivre comment les enseignants, individuellement, collectivement, à l’intérieur et en dehors de leur établissement d’enseignement, utilisent et produisent leurs ressources. Nous identifions les connaissances professionnelles dans les invariants opératoires du schème d’utilisation des ressources au cours du processus de genèse documentaire. Nous montrons que, lors de l’usage du document en classe l’année dernière, Laura a construit de nouvelles connaissances. Nous mettons en évidence le lien entre ces nouvelles connaissances et l’adaptation du document au contexte d’enseignement de cette année.
Perforated pyometra is a misleading cause of acute abdomen in elderly women: case report and review of literature
Authors: Nardi Matteo , Fugazzola Paola , Crescentini Giacomo , Paratore Filippo , Morganti Lucia , Zanini Nicola , Palini Gian Marco , Veneroni Luigi
Published: December 2017

Even if acute abdomen is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) perforation in more than 90% of cases, spontaneously perforated pyometra is a rare and misleading cause that gynecologists and general surgeons should suspect in elderly postmenopausal women. We report one case of diffuse peritonitis caused by spontaneous uterine perforation. A 94-year-old postmenopausal female was admitted to emergency department with signs of diffuse peritonitis and seven days history of abdominal pain. Abdominal contrast- enhanced CT-scan showed a large amount of ascites and a small amount of intraperitoneal free-air. One hour after the admission septic shock developed and emergency laparotomy was performed for suspected GI perforation. During laparotomy about 1500 mL of purulent, malodorous but not-fecaloid fluid was found in peritoneal cavity, without evidence of GI perforation. A 10 mm perforation on the anterior part of the uterine fundus was found. A total abdominal hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Patients died on postoperative day four despite intensive care for multi-organ failure due to septic shock. The hysto-pathology examination showed absence of cancer. Pyometra perforation is a rare cause of acute abdomen with a not negligible mortality and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen, especially in elderly patients. The aim of the study is to report our personal experience and a review of the literature of spontaneous perforation of pyometra in patients with no evidence of malignancy.
Grade R educators voluntarily share their mathematics practices: Authentic realities in South Africa showcased
Authors: Tlou Faith , Feza Nosisi N.
Published: December 2017

In South Africa’s reception classes (Grade R), the harsh reality is that the sector is beset by serious challenges. As part of a broader professional development study, this article focuses on the actual operations of Grade R educators as they conduct mathematics lessons using video technology to record their teaching. An observation tool adapted from Clements and Sarama is used to determine the quality of mathematics instruction, and to provide recommendations for bridging the gaps observed. Fourteen Grade R classes were video-recorded as part of the bigger project, with the educators themselves selecting three lessons per class to showcase their practices. For this article, the authors employed a qualitative approach guided by Vygotsky’s conceptual development of knowledge theory. A thematic analysis was conducted, mediated by the lesson observation instrument. The findings indicate that Grade R educators lack structure and purpose in their instructional activities. Even when sound content knowledge is demonstrated, the instruction tends to be teacher-centred.
Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) Systems Engineering Process Guidance for SAE J2945/X Documents and Common Design Concepts™
Authors:   DSRC Technical Committee
Published: December 2017

This SAE Standard serves as the guidance document for the J2945/x family of standards as illustrated in Figure 7. It contains cross-cutting material which applies to the other J2945/x standards, including recommended practice for the use of Systems Engineering (SE) and generic DSRC interface requirements content.

The scope for the DSRC system environment is to provide for the information exchange between a host vehicle and another DSRC enabled device, a device worn by or otherwise attached to a traveler, a roadside device, or a management center, to address safety, mobility, and environmental system needs.

The audience for this document includes the technical teams of developers of the J2945/x documents and the implementers of the applications which are based on the J2945/x documents.
JGME-ALiEM Hot Topics in Medical Education: An Analysis of a Virtual Discussion on Resident Well-Being
Authors: Chung Arlene , Battaglioli Nicole , Lin Michelle , Sherbino Jonathan
Published: December 2017

Background 

Physician well-being is garnering increasing attention. In 2016, the Journal of Graduate Medical Education (JGME) published a review by Kristin Raj, MD, entitled “Well-Being in Residency: A Systematic Review.” There is benefit in contextualizing the literature on resident well-being through an academic journal club.

Objective 

We summarized an asynchronous, online journal club discussion about this systematic review and highlighted themes that were identified in the review.

Methods 

In January 2017, JGME and the Academic Life in Emergency Medicine (ALiEM) blog facilitated an open-access, online, weeklong journal club on the featured JGME article. Online discussions and interactions were facilitated via blog posts and comments, a video discussion on Google Hangouts on Air, and Twitter. We performed a thematic analysis of the discussion and captured web analytics.

Results 

Over the first 14 days, the blog post was viewed 1070 unique times across 52 different countries. A total of 130 unique participants on Twitter posted 480 tweets using the hashtag #JGMEscholar. Thematic analysis revealed 5 major domains: the multidimensional nature of well-being, measurement of well-being, description of wellness programs and interventions, creation of a culture of wellness, and critique of the methodology of the review.

Conclusions 

Our online journal club highlighted several gaps in the current understanding of resident well-being, including the need for consensus on the operational definition, the need for effective instruments to evaluate wellness programs and identify residents in distress, and a national research collaboration to assess wellness programs and their impact on resident well-being.
Probabilistic landslide ensemble prediction systems: Lessons to be learned from hydrology
Authors: Canli Ekrem , Mergili Martin , Glade Thomas
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Landslide early warning has a long tradition in landslide research. Early warning can be defined as the provision of timely and effective information that allows individuals exposed to a hazard to take action to avoid or reduce their risk and prepare for effective response. In the last decade, hydrological forecasting started operational mode of so called ensemble prediction systems (EPS) following on the success of the use of ensembles for weather forecasting. Those probabilistic approaches acknowledge the presence of unavoidable variability and uncertainty at larger scales and explicitly introduce them into the model results. Now that convective-scale numerical weather predictions and high-performance computing are getting more common, landslide early warning should attempt to learn from past experiences made in the hydrological forecasting community. This paper reviews and summarizes concepts of ensemble prediction in hydrology and how ties to landslide research could improve landslide forecasting. Three future research directions were identified: (1) evaluation of how and to what degree probabilistic landslide forecasting improves predictive skill; (2) adaptation and development of methods for validating and calibrating probabilistic landslide models; (3) application of data assimilation methods to increase the quality of physical parametrization and increased forecasting accuracy.
Spring snow albedo feedback over Northern Eurasia:
Comparing in-situ measurements with reanalysis products
Authors: Wegmann Martin , Dutra Emanuel , Jacobi Hans-Werner , Zolina Olga
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This study uses daily observations and modern reanalyses in order to evaluate reanalysis products over Northern Eurasia regarding the spring snow albedo feedback (SAF) during the period from 2000 to 2013. We used the state of the art reanalyses ERA-Interim land and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA2) as well as an experimental setup of ERA-Interim land with prescribed short grass as land cover to enhance the comparibility with the station data. While snow depth statistics derived from daily station data are well reproduced in all three reanalyses, the day-to-day variability of the albedo is notably higher at stations compared to any reanalysis product. The ERA-Interim grass setup shows an improved performance in representing albedo variability and generates comparable estimates for the snow albedo in spring. We find that modern reanalyses show a physically consistent representation of SAF, with realistic spatial patterns and area-averaged sensitivity estimates. However, station-based SAF values are significantly higher than in the reanalyses, which is mostly driven by the stronger contrast beween snow and snow-free albedo. Switching to grass-only vegetation in ERA-Interim land increases the SAF values up to the level of station-based estimates. We found no significant trend in the examined 14-year timeseries of SAF, but inter- annual changes of about 0.5 % K−1 in both station-based and reanalysis estimates were derived. This inter-annual variability is primarily dominated by the variability in the snow melt sensitivity, which is correctly captured in reanalysis products. Although modern reanalyses perform well for snow variables, efforts should be made to improve the representation of dynamic albedo changes.
The Impact of the School Counselor Supervision Model on the Self-Efficacy of School Counselor Site Supervisors
Authors: Brown Carleton H. , Olivárez Arturo , DeKruyf Lorraine
Published: December 2017

Supervision is a critical element in the professional identity development of school counselors; however, available school counseling-specific supervision training is lacking. The authors describe a 4-hour supervision workshop based on the School Counselor Supervision Model (SCSM; Luke & Bernard, 2006) attended by 31 school counselors from three southern U.S. school districts. Employing a pre-experimental pretest-posttest research design using the Site Supervisor Self-Efficacy Survey-revised (DeKruyf, 2011), the authors found a significant positive relationship (t (30) = 9.31, p & .001; Cohen's d = 1.67) between supervision training and supervisor self-efficacy. These findings bolstered the efficacy of the SCSM. The authors discuss research and practical implications of this study.
RISK ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK
FOR INNOVATIVE PROCESSES IN TRANSPORT
Authors: Borkowski Przemysław
Published: December 2017

The paper deals with the problem of risk identification in transport related innovative
processes. While transport innovations can be both technology and process
driven, the common feature is their unpredictable character. Inventions are not
always rapidly introduced into transport systems, nor are they willingly accepted
by users. While analysis of different risk sources associated with the innovations
which have been introduced in recent years or which are in development for
different modes of transport is conducted the risks which accompany them are
identified. The framework for risk capturing in those transport innovative processes
is proposed, helping in proper risk identification for the purposes of transport
innovative process managers. The risks are distributed in accordance with the principle
of three transmission channels: risks impacting the cost, time and acceptance
of transport innovations. Then, traditional risk classifications are clustered into this
new framework. The overall result is a risk identification framework which could be
used by transport innovators and which is capable of accounting for the transport
sector specificity.
TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS IN POLISH MUNICIPALITIES.
INNOVATIVE APPROACH OR IMITATION
Authors: Kunz Waldemar
Published: December 2017

Creating competitive municipalities, as well as other entities, requires the ability
of modern and innovative management, leading to the formation and transformation
ofknowledge into new products, technologies or services. These skills
decide today about the success of the market. Innovative transport solutions
constitute a source of socio-economic development of not only municipalities but
also the region and the country. This is particularly important during the intensive
extension of an existing transport system and mounting congestion and increasingly
growing environmental pollution. The author’s own research on Polish municipalities
has shown how local authorities perceive the innovation and perform
transport investments in this context.
GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENTS OF RESERVOIR ZADĘBIE IN SKIERNIEWICE
Authors: BOJAKOWSKA Izabela , DOBEK Przemysław , KUCHARZYK Jaroslaw
Published: December 2017

In the samples of sediment accumulated in the reservoir Zadębie and ground from the its bottom the contents of the As, Ba, Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Sn, Sr, V, Zn and Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, S, P, and TOC were determined. The content of mineral oil, 17 PAHs compounds, 7 PCB congeners and 20 organochlorine pesticides were determined as well. Sediment accumulated in the reservoir is characterized by very low contents of trace elements similar to the geochemical background values. Slightly increased content of Ba, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and Hg were observed in the northern part of the basin. There was a significant increase in the content of mineral oils and PAHs in sediments accumulated compared to their content in the bedding layer. Among the analyzed organochlorine compounds were detected only isomer of α-HCH and p,p′-DDT and its metabolites.
Environmental aspects of dredging technology
Authors: Staniszewska Marta , Boniecka Helena , Cylkowska Hanna
Published: December 2017

This work is an attempt to answer the question of what types of dredgers applied in dredging works at sea are most advantageous in the context of the rule of the most limited possible intervention into the marine environment. Elaborated reviews and depictions of the most popular types of dredgers are presented. An analysis with respect to the impact of the phenomenon of releasing pollutants accumulated in bottom sediments at all stages of the dredging process is also conducted. Its results indicate that application of mechanical or hydraulic suction dredgers is the most advantageous technique in terms of environment protection.
Indicators for assessment of a degraded marine ecosystem as illustrated by the example of post-dredging pits in the Puck Bay.
Authors: Opioła Radosław
Published: December 2017

Between 1989 and 1996, almost as much as 7 000 000 m3 of sand was excavated from seabed of the Puck Bay for the purposes of protection of shores of the Hel Peninsula. Remnants of these activities are five pits of varied cubature and depth, which are several times bigger than natural depths. All studies performed so far in the area of the pits indicated that a permanent degradation of environment took place at the sites. Between 2007 and 2008, complex yearly environmental studies were performed in order to establish bases and conditions for actions aiming at rehabilitation of the degraded areas of the Puck Bay. As a result, measurements and surveys of 58 parameters, both chemical and biological ones, were carried out. The aim of those analyses was to point to the parameters which, irrespective of date of study performance, will enable an assessment of seabed degradation resulting from the dredging works carried out. For this purpose, the Wilcoxon’s test for dependent samples was used. 23 parameters used in statistical tests were studied throughout the whole year. The performed statistical analysis indicated that 7 out of the 23 analysed parameters meet the above-mentioned condition, and they may be used in the future in diagnosing state of environment affected by anthropogenic interference with seabed areas.
Clostridium difficile: Epidemiology, Pathogenicity, and an Update on the Limitations of and Challenges in Its Diagnosis
Authors: Alyousef Abdullah A
Published: December 2017

The bacterium originally named Bacillus difficilis was later renamed Clostridium difficile because of the difficulty associated with its isolation in the laboratory. C. difficile causes human-associated diarrhea, which is now known as C. difficile infection (CDI), a major cause of nosocomial infection mainly occurring in developed countries. Changes in antibiotic patterns in its strains produce toxins that are responsible for the high mortality rates associated with CDI; therefore, the epidemiology and severity of CDI have recently changed. Apart from CDI, C. difficile also causes opportunistic infections of the human gut usually when the normal gut flora are disrupted by broad-spectrum antibiotics. By disrupting normal gut flora, spores of C. difficile germinate and traverse the gut mucosa through flagellar binding to the mucosal epithelium where several proteins are involved in the binding of C. difficile. Proper diagnostic techniques have to be applied to ensure early identification of CDI and prompt treatment administered because false results may lead to inappropriate treatment and increase risk of cross-infection. This review discusses the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this bacterium with concern for its changing pattern over the years. Further details on the diagnosis of CDI are elaborated upon, mainly focusing on the limits of and challenges in molecular diagnosis.
ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DA ROTAÇÃO FLORESTAL DE POVOAMENTOS DE EUCALIPTO UTILIZANDO A SIMULAÇÃO DE MONTE CARLO
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana Carneiro , Oliveira Antônio Donizette de , Carvalho Samuel de Pádua Chaves , Gomide Lucas Rezende
Published: December 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a rotação econômica de plantações de eucalipto em três diferentes sítios produtivos sob condições de risco. Os dados utilizados na realização do estudo são provenientes de plantios equiâneos e monoclonais do híbrido Eucalyptus urograndis, e cedidos pela empresa Fibria Celulose. Além dos dados de produção das áreas foram também cedidas as informações de fluxo de caixa. Para a análise de risco utilizou-se o método de Monte Carlo, tendo como resultado da simulação o Valor Presente Líquido para séries Infinitas e, como variáveis de entrada e/ou fontes de incertezas, as distribuições de probabilidade referentes ao preço da terra e da madeira, o custo de colheita e transporte, a taxa de juros e além da produção de madeira. A simulação constituiu na realização 10.000 de iterações, em que foram obtidas as informações necessárias ao prosseguimento das análises. Concluiu-se que a rotação ótima para corte foi de 6, 8 e 11 anos nos sítios bom (I), médio (II) e ruim (III), respectivamente, sendo, portanto, condizente com as leis biológicas de crescimento. Conclui-se ainda que sob as mesmas condições de manejo, sítios mais produtivos geram maior retorno econômico e por consequência menor risco em cenários econômicos desfavoráveis.
CHAPAS AGLOMERADAS CONFECCIONADAS COM UREIA-FORMALDEÍDO SOB ADIÇÃO DE TANINO EM PÓ
Authors: Gonçalves Fabricio Gomes , Lelis Roberto Carlos Costa , Oliveira José Tarcísio da Silva , Garcia Rosilei Aparecida , Brito Edvá Oliveira
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas de chapas aglomeradas fabricadas com partículas de Acacia mangium e adesivo ureia-formaldeído (UF) mediante adição de tanino comercial de Acacia mearnsii na forma de pó a suas partículas. As chapas foram fabricadas sob diferentes razões de compactação e o efeito destas nas propriedades tecnológicas foi avaliado. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado no esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo quatro porcentagens de adição de tanino em pó às partículas (0, 10, 20 e 30%), após aplicação do adesivo ureia-formaldeído e quatro razões de compactação nominais - 1,39, 1,55, 1,73, e 2,00. Foi utilizado o ciclo de prensagem com pressão de 3,92 MPa e temperatura de 140ºC por 8 minutos. A adição de tanino em pó às partículas encoladas com ureia-formaldeído proporcionou melhoras em algumas propriedades físicas e mecânicas. Os resultados indicam a adição do tanino em pó como alternativa viável de utilização em chapas de partículas, sem necessidade de sua diluição.
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS E MECÂNICAS DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus benthamii SOB EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO DE PLANTIO
Authors: Benin Cristiane Carla , Watzlawick Luciano Farinha , Hillig Éverton
Published: December 2017

Nesse estudo, foram determinadas as propriedades físicas e mecânicas da madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii, aos seis anos de idade, sob quatro espaçamentos de plantio (3 x 2, 3 x 3, 3 x 4, 4 x 4 m). Para determinação das propriedades físicas, foram amostrados discos em cinco posições no fuste (0,10 m, 1,30 m, 25%, 50% e 75% de altura total). Na avaliação das propriedades mecânicas, vigas de madeira das primeiras toras foram transformadas em corpos de prova para os ensaios mecânicos, realizados de acordo com as normatizações da COPANT. As propriedades mecânicas foram analisadas estatisticamente sob o efeito do espaçamento e para as propriedades físicas, também em relação à posição de amostragem. A densidade básica não foi influenciada pelo efeito do espaçamento, mas verificou-se seu decréscimo com o aumento da altura no fuste. Espaçamentos maiores afetaram negativamente a retração radial (RR), mas não a tangencial (RT). A RR e RT também foram afetadas pela posição de amostragem. A retração volumétrica e o coeficiente de anisotropia apresentaram valores decrescentes com o aumento da altura no fuste. O módulo de elasticidade (MOE) e de ruptura (MOR) em flexão estática, a resistência ao cisalhamento e o MOE em compressão não foram influenciados pelo espaçamento, enquanto a resistência à compressão paralela e a dureza no sentido axial e tangencial mostraram algum efeito, sem tendência clara. Concluiu-se que diferentes espaçamentos apresentaram pouca influência nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas do Eucalyptus benthamii.
DENDROECOLOGIA DE Sebastiania commniana (Baill.) L.B.Sm. & Downs E Hovenia dulcis Thunb. EM UMA ÁREA DEGRersoADADA NA FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA ALUVIAL, SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Kanieski Maria Raquel , Galvão Franklin , Roig Fidel Alejandro , Botosso Paulo Cesar
Published: December 2017

Em uma área da Floresta Ombrófila Mista Aluvial impactada por vazamento de óleo bruto no município de Araucária - PR, Brasil, conduziu-se o estudo dendroecológico de Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) L.B.Sm. & Downs (Euphorbiaceae) e da espécie exótica Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae). Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar o efeito do alagamento da área a partir da construção de diques como medida de descontaminação de petróleo e de fatores meteorológicos no crescimento em diâmetro do tronco de ambas as espécies. Foram coletadas três séries temporais radiais do lenho de cada indivíduo adulto selecionado com uso de sondas de incremento, em duas condições, ambas com solo hidromórfico (Gleissolo Háplico), tendo como diferença a altura do lençol freático: SHT – saturação hídrica temporária (Sebastiania commersoniana n=12; Hovenia dulcis n= 10) e SHP – saturação hídrica permanente (Sebastiania commersoniana n=6; Hovenia dulcis n= 0). Séries cronológicas foram desenvolvidas, correlacionando-as com dados meteorológicos da região. Os resultados demonstraram que os indivíduos da espécie nativa em ambas as condições apresentaram padrão semelhante de crescimento, com tendência de diminuição ao longo dos anos; diferentemente dos indivíduos da espécie exótica, com tendência de aumento do incremento ao longo dos anos. Os indivíduos da condição SHP tiveram taxas menores de incremento após o ano do derramamento, o que mostra que o alagamento da área a partir da construção de diques como tentativa de descontaminação afetou o crescimento dos indivíduos. O crescimento das espécies correlacionou-se com a precipitação apenas na condição SHT. A temperatura mínima representou ser fator limitante ao crescimento de Sebastiania commersoniana, mostrando que temperaturas mais elevadas são importantes para o crescimento, principalmente no início do período deste. Entretanto, a ocorrência de temperaturas muito altas nos meses mais quentes pode ser limitante ao crescimento. Para Hovenia dulcis, nenhuma correlação significativa foi observada com a temperatura, porém, a precipitação mostrou-se fundamental nos meses em que a espécie mais cresce, sendo, no entanto, prejudicial em meses subsequentes às fortes chuvas devido ao efeito de saturação hídrica do solo.
DIVERSIDADE DE LEPIDOPTERA EM UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL EM MUZAMBINHO, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Andrade Dirlene Aparecida de , Teixeira Isabel Ribeiro do Valle
Published: December 2017

O monitoramento de populações de Lepidoptera fornece informações importantes para avaliar a dinâmica e as mudanças ecológicas nos ecossistemas. Neste trabalho avaliou-se e caracterizou-se a Lepidofauna da mata do IFSULDEMINAS - Campus Muzambinho - MG, estabelecendo um padrão para inúmeros fragmentos semelhantes na região. Em 12 meses de levantamento foram capturados 590 indivíduos de 69 espécies, distribuídas em 10 famílias. A família mais abundante foi Nymphalidae (73,56% dos indivíduos). As espécies mais abundantes foram Godartiana muscosa, Mechanitis lysimnia, Hermeuptychia sp e Mechanitis polymnia casabranca, que são bioindicadoras de ambiente perturbado e/ou urbano. Em contrapartida, foram encontradas espécies raras, tais como Notascea brevispula. Diferentes espécies foram constantes e outras ocorreram em apenas um curto período do ano. A diversidade e abundância foram maiores nos meses quentes e chuvosos. Os índices de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener e Simpson indicam uma diversidade mediana e o índice de Equitabilidade aponta ausência de dominância.
En torno al origen de los señoríos del reino de Jaén. La génesis del linaje de los Quesada, señores de Garcíez y Santo Tomé (Jaén). Siglos XIII-XIV
Authors: Carmona Ruiz María Antonia
Published: December 2017

Tras la conquista de Andalucía se asentaron numerosos nobles pertenecientes a los estratos medios o inferiores que con el tiempo consolidaron su posición en la región logrando formar algunos señoríos más o menos importantes. Es el caso de los Quesada, prototipo de la nobleza que va a conseguir un notable protagonismo en la vida política, económica y social andaluza. A partir de un personaje de gran prestigio militar como fue Pedro Díaz de Toledo, sería su hijo Día Sánchez de Quesada el verdadero creador del linaje.
ŠUMSKA VEGETACIJA TREŠNJIKA KOD BANJE LUKE
Authors: Miletić Miloš , Milanović Đorđije , Stupar Vladimir , Brujić Jugoslav
Published: December 2017

Rad obrađuje šumsku vegetaciju potencijalnog Natura 2000 područja „Trešnjik” na Starčevici kodBanje Luke. Iako područje leži nadomak glavnog grada Republike Srpske, šumska vegetacija do sadanije bila istraživana. Istraživanje je ukazalo na veliki diverzitet šumskih staništa na relativno malomprostoru. Utvrđeno je ukupno sedam stanišnih tipova, klasifikovanih u dvije ekološki i florističkijasno definisane grupe: (i) Grupa stanišnih tipova bukovih šuma: (1) stanišni tip Athyrium filix-femina-Fagus sylvatica (čiste šume bukve); (2) stanišni tip Fagus sylvatica-Tilia tomentosa (šume bukvei srebrnolisne lipe); (3) stanišni tip Quercus petraea-Tilia tomentosa (degradacija prethodnog tipa,sa dominacijom lipe); (ii) Grupa stanišnih tipova kitnjakovih šuma: (4) stanišni tip Carpinus betulus-Quercus petraea (klimatogena šuma kitnjaka i graba); (5) stanišni tip Vaccinium myrtillus-Quercuspetraea (acidofilna kitnjakova šuma); (6) stanišni tip Carpinus orientalis-Quercus petraea (termofilnekitnjakove šume); (7) stanišni tip Fraxinus ornus-Carpinus orientalis (šikare bjelograbića i crnogjasena).
DISTRIBUCIJA VUKA (Canis lupus L., 1758) U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
Authors: Trbojević Igor
Published: December 2017

Vuk (Canis lupus L., 1758) je vrsta kopnenog sisara koja je u prošlosti naseljavala cijeli evropskikontinent, dok je danas njen areal smanjen na istočnu i jugoistočnu Evropu, sa sporadničnim pojavljivanjemmalih populacija u zapadnoj Evropi, na Iberijskom i Apeninskom poluostrvu. Vuk imarazličit status zaštite u Bosni i Hercegovini. U Republici Srpskoj je nezaštićen, dok u Federaciji Bosnei Hercegovine ima status lovostajem zaštićene vrste. Pokretanje sistematskih istraživanja ekologijeove predatorske vrste na prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine predstavlja jedan od imperativa.Za analizu distribucije prikupljeno je 1013 pojedinačnih nalaza na teritoriji cijele Bosne i Hercegovine,od čega 737 odstrijeljene jedinke i 276 predacija na domaćim životinjama. Distribucija irelativna gustina vuka u BiH je prikazana na UTM (MGRS) mreži sa veličinom kvadrata (jedinicom)od 10x10 km.Vuk je registrovan u 196 kvadrata UTM mreže (19 600 km²). Najveća gustina vučije populacije se nalazina sjevernim dijelovima Dinarskog masiva. Prikupljeni podaci govore da je vrsta široko rasprostranjena,uglavnom u brdskom i planinskom pojasu. Njegov areal obuhvata šumovite predjele brdskogi planinskog pojasa (centralni i istočni dio BiH – 71,43%; južni mediteranski – 16,33% i zapadnidio – 7,65%), dok se samo sporadično sreće (4,59%) u nizijskim dijelovima Posavine (sjever Bosne iHercegovine) i u planinskom pojasu u zonama iznad gornje šumske granice.
Studie av behandlingseffekt ved Raskere Tilbake-tilbudet hos Betania Malvik 2009-2015
Authors: Bjørnerud Kim Andre , Tvedt Morten Andreas
Published: December 2017

Enhet for Helse og Arbeidsliv provides treatment services for patients with mild mental disorders within Raskere Tilbake. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the treatment. The study includes patients with mild mental disorders who have completed their treatment during the period 2009 to March 2015. The SCL 90-R was administered before arrival and at the end of treatment. Degree of return to work was measured as sick leave rate by the end of treatment and patients were contacted telephonically after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months for questions about sickness benefit. There has been a significant reduction in symptom pressure measured before and after treatment using SCL 90-R both on the global symptom index, and the various sub-scales. The proportion of total or partial return to work at the end of treatment was 76% (n = 148), 89% (n = 79) after three months, 93% (n = 67) after six months, 94% (n = 50) after 12 months, and 100% were fully or partially back to work after 24 months (n = 7).
Who Should Rule at Home?
Authors: Goodfriend Joyce D.
Published: December 2017

This book argues that the high-ranking gentlemen who figure so prominently in most accounts of New York City's evolution from 1664, when the English captured the small Dutch outpost of New Amsterdam, to the eve of American independence in 1776 were far from invincible and that the degree of cultural power they held has been exaggerated. The urban elite experienced challenges to its cultural authority at different times, from different groups, and in a variety of settings. The book illuminates the conflicts that pitted the privileged few against the socially anonymous many who mobilized their modest resources to creatively resist domination. Critics of orthodox religious practice took to heart the message of spiritual rebirth brought to New York City by the famed evangelist George Whitefield and were empowered to make independent religious choices. Wives deserted husbands and took charge of their own futures. Indentured servants complained or simply ran away. Enslaved women and men carved out spaces where they could control their own lives and salvage their dignity. Impoverished individuals, including prostitutes, chose not to bow to the dictates of the elite, even though it meant being cut off from the sources of charity. Among those who confronted the elite were descendants of the early Dutch settlers; by clinging to their native language and traditional faith they preserved a crucial sense of autonomy.
Artificial night light alters nocturnal prey interception outcomes for morphologically variable spiders
Authors: Yuen Suet Wai , Bonebrake Timothy C.
Published: December 2017

Artificial night light has the potential to significantly alter visually-dependent species interactions. However, examples of disruptions of species interactions through changes in light remain rare and how artificial night light may alter predator–prey relationships are particularly understudied. In this study, we examined whether artificial night light could impact prey attraction and interception inNephila pilipesorb weaver spiders, conspicuous predators who make use of yellow color patterns to mimic floral resources and attract prey to their webs. We measured moth prey attraction and interception responses to treatments where we experimentally manipulated the color/contrast of spider individuals in the field (removed yellow markings) and also set up light manipulations. We found that lit webs had lower rates of moth interception than unlit webs. Spider color, however, had no clear impact on moth interception or attraction rates in lit nor unlit webs. The results show that night light can reduce prey interception for spiders. Additionally, this study highlights how environmental and morphological variation can complicate simple predictions of ecological light pollution’s disruption of species interactions.