bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of the properties of soft sets on the M-semilattice
Authors: Ma Feifei
Published: February 2025

Integrates the concept of an m-semilattice with the theory of soft sets, and introduces definitions for soft m-semilattices, soft sub-m-semilattices, soft ideals, and ideal soft m-semilattices. Several algebraic properties of soft m-semilattice are proved, especially those after combining the concepts of intersection, union, and direct product of soft sets. After establishing the definition of soft m-semilattice homomorphism, the relationship between m-semilattice homomorphism, m-semilattice isomorphism, soft m-semilattice homomorphism and soft m-semilattice, soft sub m-semilattice, soft ideal, ideal soft m-semilattice is studied.
The design of faraday cup for C-ADS injector I
Authors: Hu Haojiang
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a Faraday cup is designed for the “China Accelerator Driven Sub-Critical System” (C-ADS) Injector I. This Faraday cup is used to absorb the high-energy proton beam, preventing damage to C-ADS Injector I from waste particles. The SRIM program is used to simulate the energy deposition when the proton beam is absorbed by the target material. Thermal analysis is conducted using Ansys software to optimize the material selection for the target and the structure of the Faraday cup. The shape of the target is also discussed in detail. Additionally, a water-cooling structure is presented to further improve the heat dissipation of the Faraday cup. Results indicate that graphite is an ideal material for the target, and pure copper is used as the structural material.
Numerical study on hydraulic and heat transfer characteristics of diamond-shaped staggered rib microchannel heat sink
Authors: Peng Jingbo
Published: February 2025

The present study carries out numerical investigations into the hydraulic and heat transfer characteristics of the microchannel heat sink with staggered diamond ribs (MCHS-SDR or SDR). By quantitatively comparing MCHS with rectangular ribs (MCHS-RR or RR), we can understand the changes in pressure, velocity, and temperature distribution in MCHS with this configuration. In addition, the variation trends of basic maximum temperature, Nusselt number, pressure drop, and efficiency index relative to Re were studied within the range of Reynolds number 100 to 500. The results indicate that in SDR, the slicing effect of diamond ribs affects the working medium, forming alternating cold and hot fluid layers and enhancing heat exchange. By quantitative comparison, it is found that the SDR has a configurational advantage over the conventional RR. Maximum base temperature in SDR is always lower than that in RR under the same Reynolds number, and the efficiency index of SDR can be 2.1 times larger than that of the RR.
Equivalent coefficient of plate stress of stiffened plates under moving slamming load
Authors: Zou Luyao , Qu Xue , He Mengyao , Tang Qi , Song Chenxuan , Wu Jianguo
Published: February 2025

The slamming load acting on the bow of a large-bow flare ship is equivalent to a moving pulse time history with linear rise and exponential attenuation. The Abaqus finite element software is used to study the elastic dynamics of multiple stiffened plates under the action of the moving slamming load. Response calculations are conducted to analyze the influence of different load parameters on the dynamic response of the stiffened plate. The dynamic stress equivalent coefficient DLFps (Dynamic Load Factor of plate stress) of the plate is introduced, the change pattern and sensitivity between DLFps and the slamming load dimensionless parameters are analyzed, and the DLFps formula regression and verification are performed. A parameter determination method for the simplified slamming pressure model is proposed. Comparison with the results of the wedge-shaped body falling into the water test shows that the slamming stress equivalent formula DLFps of the plate proposed in this article has high accuracy and can be used to determine the slamming load of the ship structure.
Analysis of dynamic stress characteristics of suspension frame of medium and low-speed maglev train
Authors: Chen Chunjun , Su En
Published: February 2025

As an important bearing part of maglev trains, the suspension frame of medium and low-speed maglev trains often suffers fatigue damage, which leads to a serious lack of fatigue reliability. Therefore, it is urgent to research the dynamic stress characteristics of the suspension frame. To assess whether the suspension frame of a medium-and low-speed maglev train satisfies the required strength criteria, a comprehensive line test was conducted to evaluate its fatigue strength. Building on these results, the dynamic stress characteristics of the suspension frame under varying operating conditions were analyzed. This investigation focused on identifying the primary frequency sources of dynamic stress, as well as examining the effects of speed variations and different operational scenarios on the dynamic stress behavior of the suspension frame. The results show that the equivalent stress amplitude of each measuring point of the suspension frame will increase with the speed grade, and the most obvious one is the lower bracket area, which increases by 52%.
Lower bound on the smallest eigenvalue of matrices
Authors: Chen Fubin
Published: February 2025

M-matrix is widely used in physics. We establish two new inequalities of l(S*G) for
S, G ∈ μn

by utilizing the Gerschgorin theorem and Brauer theorem. New results are more useful in practical applications since they depend on the matrix’s own elements. Example shows that the new estimating equations are more accurate than some already known conclusions in some circumstances.
A barycentric rational collocation method for higher-order equations related to time
Authors: Qu Xinying , Lin Jiawei
Published: February 2025

In this article, higher-order equations related to time are solved using the barycentric rational collocation method, which aims to approximate the unknown function through a rational function. The equations are solved by using the direct solution, depression of order, and spatial using the barycentric rational collocation method, and then solved by the Runge-Kutta method in three ways. The final example verifies the validity.
A barycentric rational interpolation collocation method for tri-harmonic equations
Authors: Lin Jiawei , Qu Xinying
Published: February 2025

This essay mainly uses the barycentric rational interpolation collocation method to study two-dimensional tri-harmonic equations. By using this method to discretize the tri-harmonic equation, its linear equation is transformed into the corresponding matrix form, and its approximate solution is obtained. The effectiveness of the method compared to other methods is also verified through numerical examples.
Symmetry and monotonicity of solutions for a system
Authors: Ji Xiaoxue , Wei Bing
Published: February 2025

In our thesis, we employ a forth and means of traveling flats for an equation set including completely non-linear non-local operators in B1(0). Under the conditions

ζ

η

∈

C

l
o
c

1
,
1

∩

L
α

and

υ

η

∈

C

l
o
c

1
,
1

∩

L
β

, the symmetric character of radial direction and monotone character of plus solutions for an equation set are proved. In order to get this result, we use the extreme value theory of narrow area for the equation set and pivotal ingredients for carrying on the way of traveling flats.
Structural reliability analysis based on vulnerability function
Authors: Peng Zejing , Tian Wenyu , Yang Mengfei , Liu Junli , Wang Wenzhe
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a structural reliability analysis methodology based on vulnerability functions, taking into account the uncertainties in seismic excitation and structural seismic response parameters. A probabilistic seismic demand model, following a β-distribution, is introduced to investigate the correlations between seismic response parameters under the same seismic event. The fragility function is constructed by combining the log-normal distribution with correlation coefficients to calculate the probability of structural failure. The fragility curve is fitted using the probability distribution function of the log-normal distribution and compared with the fragility results obtained from traditional fragility functions. A two-span continuous reinforced concrete highway bridge is used as a case study for seismic fragility analysis. The results indicate that when the structure is subjected to seismic intensities exceeding 9 degrees, the correlation becomes significant, which is beneficial for pre-earthquake disaster prediction and structural reliability evaluation.
Picture hesitant fuzzy distance measures and its decision applications
Authors: Wang Jiawen , Cao Jinliang
Published: February 2025

The key role of picture hesitant fuzzy in multi-attribute decision-making is to offer both more detailed and precise decision information. However, the current research on picture hesitant fuzzy distance measures is not perfect, so additional research on this matter is essential. In this paper, we take into account the hesitancy and hesitancy deviation and develop a new distance measure based on hesitancy deviation. Furthermore, we present a new TOPSIS method and apply it to an example. Finally, a parameter sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the stability of the proposed new distance measure.
Transfer of fractional orbital angular momentum in atomic vapor in a five-level system
Authors: Qu Xiaohan , Wang Chunfang
Published: February 2025

We present a theoretical investigation into the transfer of fractional orbital angular momentum (FOAM) in a five-level atomic system and study its interference with a Gaussian field of the same frequency. Through simulations and analysis, we demonstrate that the number of doughnuts in the superposition field remains consistent with that of the FOAM field, meaning the persistent presence of the doughnut-shaped defect. We also observe significant alterations in both spatial intensity distributions and the intensity of the superposition field by increasing the intensity of the control field, and its spatial intensity distributions more clearly exhibit the characteristic of uneven spatial distribution of FOAM vortex light. Interestingly, the intensity distributions within the inner ring of the superimposed field display greater unevenness compared to the outer ring. Additionally, the phase distributions of the superposition field resulting from the interference between the Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) field and the Gaussian field are examined, revealing irregular period distributions consistent with those observed in the FOAM vortex field. These findings provide theoretical support for the propagation and manipulation of FOAM vortex beams in atomic systems, offering potential implications for applications involving fractional orbital angular momentum in atomic systems and enhancing information transmission capacity.
The relationship between the airflow behavior and different proportions of the shape header
Authors: Maximillian Wang Qi , Luo Xin
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on investigating how varying the length-to-width ratio of cone-shaped aerospace vehicle headers affects the velocity distribution of the surrounding airflow. The paper first introduces the background of advancements in aerospace engineering, as well as the critical role of fairings in protecting payloads during launch. Previous research has established the importance of nose cone shape and efficiency for missile and rocket performance, exploring the aerodynamic benefits of pointed vs. conical nose cones, as well as the effects of length-to-width ratios on high-speed performance. However, existing studies have not systematically analyzed the impact of varying the geometric ratios of a single cone-shaped header on the surrounding airflow characteristics. Using numerical simulation methods, this paper examines the aerodynamic properties of cone-shaped headers with length-to-width ratios of 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1, while maintaining constant inflow conditions and other parameters. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted by using ANSYS Fluent software to generate velocity distribution plots around the different header configurations. The results show that as the header aspect ratio increases, the airflow distribution becomes more uniform, the boundary layer separation point moves further aft, and the vortex regions gradually diminish. Specifically, the 2:1 aspect ratio header exhibited a large velocity gradient, early boundary layer separation, and intense vortex formation, indicating relatively poor aerodynamic performance. In contrast, the 8:1 aspect ratio header demonstrated the most favorable aerodynamic characteristics, with the most uniform velocity distribution, the latest boundary layer separation point, and minimal vortex generation. These findings suggest that increasing the length-to-width ratio of cone-shaped headers can significantly improve their aerodynamic performance, reduce drag, and enhance the efficiency and fuel economy of aerospace vehicles. The insights provided by this research offer an important foundation for further optimizing header designs. Future work could expand the analysis to three-dimensional simulations, incorporate experimental validation, and explore the aerodynamic characteristics under hypersonic conditions, further advancing the understanding of header aerodynamic behavior to better inform aerospace vehicle design.
High-order schemes with mass and energy conservation for solving the one-dimensional Zakharov system
Authors: Li Yanjing , Zong Xinyu , Zhang Jinqi , Li Xianggui
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present high-order schemes to solve the Zakharov system (ZS) with periodic initial values. Semi-discrete schemes are capable of perfectly preserving the conservation of mass and energy. When we use the Crank-Nicolson (CN) method in time, we obtain full-discrete schemes that ensure the conservation of mass. Full-discrete schemes can achieve second-order accuracy in time and fourth-order and sixth-order accuracy in space. The presented numerical results aim to test accuracy order, examine conservation property, and simulate dynamic behavior.
Simulation of CO2 adsorption by porous materials based on lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Yang Huipan
Published: February 2025

In order to achieve the goal of the “National Dual Carbon Program”, a numerical model for the adsorption of CO2 gas by ZIFs adsorbent particles was established by using the lattice Boltzmann method on the characterization volume scale, and the influence of inlet temperature on adsorption performance was studied. The results show that when the inlet temperature of flue gas varies from 308K to 363K, the adsorption capacity of ZIFs adsorbent particles for CO2 per unit mass gradually decreases with the increase of inlet temperature. It is recommended that the condensing tube be set in the actual adsorption application or that the corresponding functional group on the ZIFs molecule be added to improve the adsorption performance of CO2.
Mo-doped CoS with rich sulfur vacancies for electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen to ammonia
Authors: Gao Ze , Xu Ming , Liu Renming , Yang Daming , Yang Yating , Feng Ming , Wang Ting
Published: February 2025

Improving the activation and adsorption and of N2 by catalysts is crucial for developing efficient nitrogen reduction catalysts. Doping and defect engineering are important methods for addressing these issues. Doping a certain amount of Mo in CoS is beneficial for increasing the active positions, which heightens the attachment of N2. Due to the unique structure of the sulfur vacancy, it is advantageous to weaken the N≡N bond, thus enhancing the efficiency of electrocatalysis from N2 to NH3. Therefore, this work focuses on designing a Mo-doped CoS electrocatalyst with an abundance of sulfur vacancies to enhance its electrocatalytic performance in nitrogen reduction. The Vs-Mo/CoS-8% achieves an impressive NH3 yield of 38.19 μg h−1 mgcat
−1 and Faraday efficiency of 23.99% at an electrical potential of −0.45 V (vs. RHE). Furthermore, it demonstrates long-term stability for up to 24 hours. This study not only broadens the diversity of available electrocatalysts but also provides new ideas for designing efficient and stable ones.
Preference of helicon plasma discharge directionality due to standing waves
Authors: Hu Shaoxiong , Du Dan , Yu Cui , Huang Ziwen , Zhou Hua
Published: February 2025

Helicon plasma has high ionization efficiency. It has been used in semiconductors, space propulsion, and nuclear fusion as a high-density plasma source. This paper establishes a three-dimensional numerical model of argon helicon plasma discharge based on the detailed consideration of particle collision and chemical reaction. The directivity of helicon plasma discharge under three-dimensional non-uniform magnetic field distribution is studied by the finite element method, and the wave propagation and power deposition are analyzed. In this paper, the direction of helicon plasma discharge is changed by the antenna helicity. It is considered that the standing helicon wave is one of the important reasons for this phenomenon.
Investigation of Unavoidable Pressure Injuries in the Actively Dying Stage
Authors: Fujioka Masaki
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Although most pressure injuries (PIs) are healable with appropriate assessment, preventive intervention, and treatment, nursing professionals recognize that some PIs are unavoidable. Research investigating unavoidable PIs is limited because there are few clear means of determining whether these injuries are unavoidable.

OBJECTIVE

To clarify the reality of unavoidable PIs by analyzing the state of PIs and blood test results in patients who were actively dying.

METHODS

From 2018 to 2023, 904 hospitalized patients at the author’s medical center developed PIs. Of these patients, 710 survived and were discharged (survival group). Of the 194 patients who died after developing a PI, 111 died more than 8 days after onset (end-of-life group), and 83 patients died within 7 days of onset (actively dying group). The researcher analyzed patients’ age, weight, and height, as well as various blood work parameters at the time of PI occurrence in the survival, end-of-life, and actively dying patient groups.

RESULTS

Approximately half of patients with PIs in the actively dying stage had cancer. Total protein, albumin, and blood urea nitrogen were significantly lower among the actively dying patients compared with those who survived. Aspartate transferase, alanine aminotransferase, white blood cell count, and C-reactive protein were all significantly higher among patients in the actively dying versus the surviving group.

CONCLUSIONS

It is difficult to determine whether a PI is unavoidable. However, the author believes that clinical symptoms and blood test data can help make that decision.
Factors Associated With Premature Physeal Closure After Distal Femur Physeal Fracture
Authors: Hulbert Molly A. , Chun Liane , Bryan Tracey P. , Souder Christopher D. , Pennock Andrew T.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Premature physeal closure (PPC) after distal femur fractures is a recognized complication. To date, risk factors for PPC have not been well identified. This study’s purpose is to identify risk factors for this challenging problem and start the discussion for changing practice guidelines in high-risk patients.

Methods:

A retrospective review of displaced distal femur physeal fractures undergoing surgical stabilization at a single, level I pediatric hospital were identified between 2011 and 2022. Patient charts were reviewed and injury, radiographic, and surgical data were recorded. Univariable statistical analysis was performed to identify factors associated with PPC. Odds ratios were calculated and binary logistic regression was utilized to determine the odds of PPC based on risk factors present.

Results:

Fifty-four patients were identified with a mean chronologic age of 13±3 years, a mean bone age of 14±3 years, and the majority were male (67%). Twenty-eight percent of the cohort presented with severe fracture displacement. The interposed periosteum was removed in 37% of patients. The overall rate of PPC was 48% (N=26) and 77% of these underwent subsequent surgical intervention. When the PPC was identified at the 6-month postinjury visit (n=26), 50% had already developed a leg length discrepancy (LLD) of at least 1 cm. Three nonmodifiable factors were significantly associated with PPC: bone age, Salter-Harris (SH) type, and fracture displacement. The risks of PPC based on the number of factors present compared with zero factors were: 1 factor odds ratio (OR)=4.4 (95% CI: 0.4-45, P=0.22), 2 factors OR=39 (95% CI: 3.8-399, P=0.002), and 3 factors OR=96 (95% CI: 5.2-1767, P=0.002). Patients with 2 and 3 risk factors had a 77% and 89% rate of closing early.

Conclusion:

Premature physeal closure frequently occurs after distal femur physeal fractures and risk factors include younger bone age, SH I and II fractures, and fractures with greater initial displacement. When multiple risk factors are present, the odds of PPC are high, and intervention before 6 months could be considered to avoid a resultant LLD ≥1 cm or angular deformity. A larger study is warranted to create a predictive model and to enhance the precision of the risk factor analysis.
Dexmedetomidine to Reduce Vasopressor Resistance in Refractory Septic Shock: α2 Agonist Dexmedetomidine for REfractory Septic Shock (ADRESS): A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Dargent Auguste , Bourredjem Abderrahmane , Jacquier Marine , Bohe Julien , Argaud Laurent , Levy Bruno , Fournel Isabelle , Cransac Amelie , Badie Julio , Quintin Luc , Quenot Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Increasing evidence has suggested the benefits of dexmedetomidine in patients with sepsis. Dexmedetomidine may increase vasopressor sensitivity, which may be of interest in the setting of refractory septic shock. The α2 Agonist Dexmedetomidine for REfractory Septic Shock (ADRESS) pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the vasopressor response in patients with refractory septic shock.

Design:

This study was a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial.

Setting:

The study was conducted in 5 ICUs in France.

Patients:

Inclusion criteria were septic shock (Sepsis-3 definition) and norepinephrine requirement greater than or equal to 0.25 µg/kg/min (0.5 µg/kg/min of norepinephrine tartrate) with persistent circulatory failure (defined by lactate > 2 mmol/L, oliguria, or skin mottling) and invasive mechanical ventilation.

Interventions:

The arterial pressure response to phenylephrine was measured before starting the treatment (0 hr), at 6 hours (primary outcome), and 12 hours. In the treatment arm, dexmedetomidine was given at a fixed dose of 1 µg/kg/hr.

Measurements and Main Results:

Inclusions were stopped early because of higher mortality in the dexmedetomidine arm. Thirty-two patients of the 36 planned were included. Response to phenylephrine at 6 hours was lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the placebo group (1.26 ± 0.23 vs. 1.45 ± 0.26; p = 0.048), although this difference was also observed at baseline (p = 0.029). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of cumulative norepinephrine dose, lactatemia, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, fluid balance, ventilation-free days, or occurrence of bradycardia. Mortality on day 3 was higher in the dexmedetomidine group than in the placebo group, with a difference that diminished and was no longer significant on 30 and 90 days.

Conclusions:

Patients in the dexmedetomidine arm had a significantly lower response to phenylephrine at all study times including baseline, which might have contributed to higher early mortality in the dexmedetomidine arm and preclude to conclude on dexmedetomidine efficacy in refractory septic shock. However, heart rate was not decreased in the dexmedetomidine arm.
Transconjunctival flanged intrascleral fixation of dislocated intraocular lenses with 6-0 polypropylene suture: cost-effective surgical technique, 3-year results
Authors: Gürez Ceren , Genç Selim , Sozen-Delil Fatma Isil
Published: February 2025

This study aims to present the novel flanged technique for dislocated intraocular lenses (IOLs) using a 6-0 polypropylene suture. Patients who underwent flanged intrascleral fixation using a 6-0 polypropylene suture to reposition the dislocated optically clear and undamaged posterior chamber IOL were investigated. The surgical success was evaluated as the centralization of the IOL with improvement in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). 9 eyes of 9 patients were enrolled in the study. Centralization of the IOLs was observed in all patients. No eroded open surface was observed in the scleral or conjunctival area where the sutures were buried at the postoperative sixth month. CDVA improved significantly after the operation (0.10 ± 0.06 vs 0.54 ± 0.2, P = .001). The refraction values of the patients remained stable at the follow-up examinations for up to 3 years. This case series study showed that flanged intrascleral fixation using a 6-0 polypropylene suture for repositioning the dislocated IOLs is a promising technique for eyes with dislocated IOLs.
Exercise Strategy for Reducing Visceral Adipose Tissue in Community Residents With Obesity: A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial
Authors: CHANG Yu-Hsuan , LEE Yun-Hsiang , WU Kay LH , HSU Wei-Li , HUNG Hung , SHUN Shiow-Ching
Published: February 2025

Background

Exercise is the most effective method of reducing visceral adipose tissue (VAT). However, the optimal exercise modality and strategy for reducing VAT have yet to be determined.

Purpose

This study was designed to identify the optimal sequence exercise strategy for reducing VAT in community residents with obesity.

Methods

A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial design was used to conduct a two-stage (8 weeks each) adaptive exercise for 40- to 64-year-old residents with obesity. In the first stage, the participants were randomly allocated into two groups, one of which did 30 minutes of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; n = 58) and the other which did 20 minutes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 58) three times per week. In the second stage, the nonresponders (with VAT decreases < 3%) were randomly reallocated into a group that performed MICT combined with an additional 10 minutes of resistance exercise or one that performed the opposite of the first-stage treatment (HIIT or MICT). Those who responded to the first-stage intervention (with VAT decreases of ≥ 3%) continued the same exercise treatment until 16 weeks.

Results

The MICT intervention was found to be more efficacious than the HIIT intervention in reducing VAT during the first 8 weeks (β = −4.10, p = .029). Among the nonresponders to MICT, the HIIT outperformed MICT combined with resistance exercise as the alternative choice in the second stage (β = −7.36, p = .006). On the contrary, there were no significant differences between MICT and MICT combined with resistance exercise for the nonresponders to HIIT (β = 1.34, p = .626). Those participants who repeated the same exercise modality (either MICT or HIIT) in both stages exhibited superior VAT reduction to those who changed exercise modalities after the first stage.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice

The optimal sequence exercise strategy for reducing VAT is captured by a two-stage sequential multiple assignment randomized trial design. Community residents with obesity are advised to reduce VAT efficiently through participation in an 8-week MICT program. For those preferring HIIT rather than MICT, a 16-week program without changing the modality midway is recommended.
The Mediating Effect of Sleep Quality on the Relationship Between Depression and Sense of Control in Women in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: WENG Min-Hsueh , CHOU Hung-Chieh , WU Gwo-Jang , CHANG Yue-Cune , LIAW Jen-Jiuan
Published: February 2025

Background

Depression, poor sleep quality, and perceived lack of control all commonly impact women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Depression can influence sleep quality, whereas sense of control during pregnancy is correlated with both sleep quality and depression. However, the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between depression and sense of control has not been examined in women in their third trimester.

Purpose

This study was designed to explore depression, sleep quality, and sense of control in pregnant women during the third trimester and determine the degree to which sleep quality mediates the relationship between depression and sense of control.

Methods

An exploratory correlational cross-sectional design was used to recruit 263 pregnant women with a gestational age of 35–36 weeks. Data were collected using questionnaires. Depression, sleep quality, and sense of control were respectively assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Labor Agentry Scale. Data on the main outcomes were analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS.

Results

Depression in pregnant women was found to correlate positively with poor sleep quality and negatively with sense of control (all ps < .001). Thus, higher levels of depression and poorer sleep quality were associated with lower sense of control. The results confirmed the relationship between depression and sense of control to be mediated by sleep quality (p < .001).

Conclusions

Pregnant women with lower levels of depression may experience better sleep quality and sense of control. Sleep quality mediates the relationship between depression and sense of control in women in the third trimester. Thus, prenatal counseling and psychological support should be provided to pregnant women to reduce depression while improving sleep quality and sense of control.
The microsurgical advantage of huge cystic craniopharyngioma following long-term cystic aspirations via Ommaya reservoir: A case report
Authors: Park Sue-Jee , Correia Dircia Canisia Marcelina , Kim Yeong Jin , Kim Seul-Kee , Lee Kyung-Hwa , Ahn Kang-Hee , Jung Tae-Young
Published: February 2025

Rationale:

Craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign tumors with a relatively high recurrence rate. Surgical removal is challenging due to proximity to critical brain structures. This report introduces a staged operation strategy for a huge cystic craniopharyngioma.

Patient concerns:

An 8-year-old girl presented with diplopia and decreased visual acuity.

Diagnoses:

Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large, 10-cm-sized cystic mass encasing both the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and the optic nerve.

Interventions:

An Ommaya reservoir was placed for periodic cyst aspirations over a period of 15 months. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging indicated a reduction in cyst size, with an increasingly distinct tumor–pial interface evident on T2-weighted images. The tumor, initially entwined with neurovascular structures, gradually became delineated from these critical components. She underwent a secondary surgical intervention utilizing a bifrontal interhemispheric approach. Intraoperatively, the tumor was meticulously dissected and totally excised without compromising surrounding critical structures, while the tumor’s origin, the pituitary stalk, underwent partial resection.

Outcomes:

There was no worsening of vision after surgery. She was on minirin medication, and there was no recurrence during the 1-year follow-up.

Lessons:

Microsurgery of huge cystic craniopharyngioma following long-term cyst aspirations via Ommaya reservoir could present an efficacious strategy to diminish complication risks in pediatric patients.
Research hotspots and trends of plumbagin: A bibliometric perspective
Authors: Xu Zichen , Xin Yuqi , Zhang Xinjian , Liu Jianwei , Liu Yang , Guo Runying , Jiang Qingkun , Qiu Jiaxuan
Published: February 2025

Plumbagin is a biologically active naphthoquinone compound. Research related to plumbagin has gained popularity, evidenced by a gradual increase in publications. However, a bibliometric study in this field has yet to be conducted. Consequently, this study aims to evaluate the global scientific output of plumbagin research through bibliometric analysis, explore the status of research in this field over the past 15 years, and predict its future research hotspots. Visual analysis software, including CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R package ‘bibliometrix’, was employed to analyze all literature pertaining to plumbagin published between 2009 and 2024. Bibliometric records were sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection. This study analyzed a total of 2061 publications. China was found to have the largest number of publications, while the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research recorded the highest publication count in this field. Thomas and David D were identified as the authors with the most publications. The journal with the highest number of citations was J Biol Chem, and Padhye S was noted as the author with the highest citation count. In recent years, cancer treatment has emerged as the most closely related research topic concerning plumbagin, and keyword cluster analysis highlighted ‘sarcoplasmic reticulum’ as a prominent research keyword. Through quantitative and visual analysis of plumbagin, this study reveals that plumbagin research remains a valuable field. Anticancer treatment of plumbagin is identified as a future research direction.
Man and machine: exploring the intersection of artificial intelligence and men's health
Authors: Panken Evan J. , Patel Akash U. , Schammel Josh , Dubin Justin M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review

Explore the current state of artificial intelligence in the Men's Health space.

Recent findings

Artificial intelligence is emerging in the field of Men's Health with recent publications highlighting a role for optimization of male infertility diagnostics and treatment, clinical predictive tools, patient education, and improvements in clinical workflow.

Artificial intelligence is set to be a prime instrument in the advancement of both patient care and patient education in the Men's Health space.
Lead migration and postdural puncture headache following spinal cord stimulator placement in patient with cough: a case report
Authors: Walton Edward , Zhitny Vladislav Pavlovich , Dixon Brett , Jannoud Ryan , Rahman Ivan
Published: February 2025

Introduction and importance:

Spinal cord stimulator (SCS) implantation has become a well-validated treatment for refractory chronic back pain. While generally safe, complications such as lead migration and postdural puncture headache (PDPH) can arise. Recognizing these hardware and biologic complications is crucial to improving outcomes and guiding management strategies.

Case presentation:

A middle-aged male with chronic nocturnal cough underwent successful percutaneous SCS trial placement under fluoroscopic guidance. Adequate pain coverage was confirmed, and he was discharged home. The following day, he returned with a positional headache, nausea, and imaging-confirmed lead migration. PDPH was suspected. At the time of presentation, a chest X-ray revealed possible lead migration, and the patient had also reported a chronic dry cough that had worsened the evening of the procedure. Management included removal of the leads and an epidural blood patch, leading to complete symptom resolution.

Clinical discussion:

Nocturnal coughing is hypothesized to have caused mechanical stress on the SCS leads, resulting in caudal migration. Lead migration is one of the most common SCS complications, with rates of 2.1–27%. Additionally, PDPH, though rare (~0.81% per lead placed), often requires an epidural blood patch for effective resolution. In this case, the displaced leads may have exacerbated an underlying dural tear, highlighting a novel interplay between hardware and biological complications.

Conclusion:

This is the first documented case at our academic center of concurrent lead migration and PDPH following SCS placement. Our findings suggest that chronic coughing may represent an unrecognized risk factor for lead migration and PDPH. Providers should address unresolved coughing prior to SCS implantation and consider improved anchoring techniques to minimize risks.
Knowledge About Medical Management and Therapies for Stroke Among Caregivers of Stroke Survivors—A Comparative Study
Authors: Sirisha Sai , Jala Sireesha , Putta Sanjana , Vooturi Sudhindra , Kaul Subhash
Published: February 2025

This study compared knowledge of stroke medications and therapies between informal caregivers of stroke survivors and controls, highlighting important implications for post-stroke care. Although awareness of stroke deterioration and recurrence was similar between groups, caregivers demonstrated greater recognition of residual effects, such as one-sided weakness and speech difficulties. Higher education, particularly holding a graduation degree, was strongly associated with better awareness among caregivers, including an improved understanding of the role of medications and therapies in stroke management. These findings underscore the need for structured training programs to equip caregivers with essential knowledge for supporting stroke survivors after hospital discharge. Enhancing caregiver education can improve understanding of recovery trajectories, promote effective management of residual symptoms, and help families set realistic goals for community reintegration. Addressing these gaps in caregiver training could lead to better outcomes for both stroke survivors and their families.
An Unusual Death From Penetrating Cranial Trauma: The Importance of Investigating the Primary Scene of Injury
Authors: Oxborrow Kelli , Knight Laura D.
Published: February 2025

A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease was found dead at home after having fallen about 6 days prior. Autopsy examination revealed unexplained penetrating trauma of the skull with a circular defect in the frontal bone with associated cerebral laceration and organizing subdural hemorrhage. As the cause of the penetrating injury was unknown, the forensic pathologist instigated further investigation. Through interviews, the medicolegal death investigator identified the primary scene of injury, which was different from the scene of death; she elucidated the injury scenario, including the culprit object, which she photographed during the follow-up investigation. The etiology of the injury allowed the medical examiner to correctly certify manner of death. This case represents an interesting example of penetrating cranial injury, with minimal external injury and extensive internal lethal damage to the brain. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of investigating the primary scene of injury, especially when death is delayed and the deceased is no longer at the injury location.
Rare Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma to Pancreas Revealed by 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT
Authors: Liu Yunuan , Zhao Yan , Jing Fenglian , Zhao Xinming , Zhang Jingmian
Published: February 2025

A 56-year-old woman underwent surgery for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) 8 years ago. The patient incidentally discovered 2 foci in the body and tail of the pancreas by abdominal ultrasound during follow-up. MRI disclosed lesions with central inhomogeneous enhancement and restricted diffusion. The 2 lesions showed no 18F-FDG uptake but had mild to moderate 68Ga-FAPI accumulation in the PET/CT images. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed metastatic ccRCC to the pancreas. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT might be a useful tool in the diagnosis and staging of ccRCC.
FDG-PET/CT for Effective Staging of Disseminated Blastomycosis
Authors: Lucinian Yousif A. , Noorah Nuzha B. , Maliha Peter George , Morin Marc-André
Published: February 2025

We present the case of a 67-year-old man undergoing immunosuppressive therapy with known pulmonary blastomycosis who presented with knee swelling and fever. FDG-PET/CT performed to exclude septic arthritis revealed increased uptake within the right epididymis and multiple osteoarticular, cutaneous, and subcutaneous sites. Cultures obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage, urine, right knee arthrocentesis, and subcutaneous tissue all demonstrated Blastomyces dermatitidis, compatible with disseminated blastomycosis (DB). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of DB in a human subject documented by FDG-PET. This case showcases FDG-PET as a potentially sensitive imaging modality in staging blastomycosis multiorgan involvement, aiding in identifying culture sites by revealing clinically and radiologically unsuspected foci of infection.
Head engagement during visuomotor tracking is determined by postural demands and aging
Authors: Georgiadis Petros , Hatzitaki Vassilia , Fiehler Katja , Voudouris Dimitris
Published: February 2025

Vision is important for various tasks, from visually tracking moving objects to maintaining balance. People obtain visual information through eye movements performed either alone or in combination with head movements. Even when isolated eye movements can accommodate the amplitude of the desired gaze shift, humans still perform head movements, as they provide additional sensory signals that can be integrated with retinal input resulting in improved gaze estimates. However, head movements also create mechanical torques and attenuate vestibular processing that could disturb balance. We, therefore, here examined whether head engagement is determined by postural requirements when performing a visual tracking task. Young participants visually tracked a target moving horizontally along different amplitudes, while they were seated, standing on a firm and an unstable surface. Our results showed stronger head engagement when standing than sitting, but no systematic differences were found between firm and unstable surfaces. To further explore the interplay between head engagement and postural demands, we conducted a second experiment where young and older participants performed a similar task, but now they were either allowed to move their head or instructed to limit their head movements. Both tracking accuracy and postural sway increased when engaging the head. When asked to limit head movements, both age groups engaged their head minimally, but head movements were more pronounced in more challenging postures. When allowed to move their head naturally, younger participants engaged their head more when standing than sitting, but older adults reduced their head movements with more demanding postures. We suggest that head movements in younger adults facilitate visual tracking, while limited head movements in older adults preserve balance.
Color-neutral and reversible tissue transparency enables longitudinal deep-tissue imaging in live mice
Authors: Keck Carl H.C. , Schmidt Elizabeth L. , Roth Richard H. , Floyd Brendan M. , Tsai Andy P. , Garcia Hassler B. , Cui Miao , Chen Xiaoyu , Wang Chonghe , Park Andrew , Zhao Su , Liao Pinyu A. , Casey Kerriann M. , Reineking Wencke , Cai Sa , Zhang Ling-Yi , Yang Qianru , Yuan Lei , Baghdasaryan Ani , Lopez Eduardo R. , Cooper Lauren , Cui Han , Esquivel Daniel , Brinson Kenneth , Chen Xiaoke , Wyss-Coray Tony , Coleman Todd P. , Brongersma Mark L. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Wang Gordon X. , Ding Jun B. , Hong Guosong
Published: February 2025

Light scattering in biological tissue presents a significant challenge for deepin vivoimaging. Our previous work demonstrated the ability to achieve optical transparency in live mice using intensely absorbing dye molecules, which created transparency in the red spectrum while blocking shorter-wavelength photons. In this paper, we extend this capability to achieve optical transparency across the entire visible spectrum by employing molecules with strong absorption in the ultraviolet spectrum and sharp absorption edges that rapidly decline upon entering the visible spectrum. This new color-neutral and reversible tissue transparency method enables optical transparency for imaging commonly used fluorophores in the green and yellow spectra. Notably, this approach facilitates tissue transparency for structural and functional imaging of the live mouse brain labeled with yellow fluorescent protein and GCaMP through the scalp and skull. We show that this method enables longitudinal imaging of the same brain regions in awake mice over multiple days during development. Histological analyses of the skin and systemic toxicology studies indicate minimal acute or chronic damage to the skin or body using this approach. This color-neutral and reversible tissue transparency technique opens new opportunities for noninvasive deep-tissue optical imaging, enabling long-term visualization of cellular structures and dynamic activity with high spatiotemporal resolution and chronic tracking capabilities.

Significance Statement

Tissue scattering represents a major barrier to deep tissue imagingin vivo. We recently showed that tissue can be rendered transparent in the red spectrum using intensely absorbing dye molecules. Here, we introduce a new, color-neutral and reversible tissue transparency approach. We demonstrate longitudinal structural and functional imaging in the deep tissue of awake mice.
Advancing Cardiac Graft Assessment Methods During Normothermic Machine Perfusion to Achieve Improved Transplantation Outcomes
Authors: Ajenu Emmanuella , Lopera Higuita Manuela , Bolger-Chen Maya , Olverson George , Nguyen Khanh , Singh Gurjit , Romfh Padraic , Vincent Doug , Rabi S. Alireza , Osho Asishana Avo , Tessier Shannon N.
Published: February 2025

Heart failure, a leading global health challenge, affects over 23 million people worldwide, with heart transplantation being the gold standard for end-stage disease. However, the scarcity of viable donor hearts presents a significant barrier, with only one-third of available grafts used due to stringent selection criteria. Machine perfusion technologies, particularly normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), offer promise in improving graft preservation and assessment, yet their full potential for predicting transplantability remains underexplored. This study investigates three assessment methods to enhance human heart evaluation during NMP, focusing on mitochondrial function, left ventricular (LV) performance, and inflammatory markers. First, resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) is employed to assess mitochondrial redox state as a proxy for metabolic competency, offering a non-invasive and dynamic evaluation of mitochondrial function during ex vivo preservation. Second, LV function is quantified using intraventricular balloons, providing critical insights into graft viability and performance. Third, inflammatory markers and endothelial activation are assessed from perfusate to predict post-transplant outcomes. These methods were tested on human donor hearts declined for transplantation, preserved via static cold storage (SCS) and subsequently assessed with NMP in Langendorff mode. The results demonstrate that these parameters can be easily integrated into existing clinical perfusion workflows and hold potential for improving heart transplantation outcomes by enhancing graft selection and optimizing donor heart use. Future studies will further validate these biomarkers across different preservation techniques and evaluate their clinical applicability.