bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimensionally and structurally controllable perovskite single crystals: nickel(ii)–terpyridine complex (Ni–Tpy2)-based perovskites
Authors: Zhang Yongli , Zang Meixiu , Yin Hang , Liu Peng , Xian Yeming , Li Wenzhe
Published: February 2020

Nickel(ii)–terpyridine complex [Ni–Tpy2]2+-based perovskite single crystals have dimension-tunable structures and outstanding optoelectronic performance toward device applications.
Local order and cluster formation in model fluids with competing interactions: a simulation and theoretical study
Authors: Bomont Jean-Marc , Costa Dino , Bretonnet Jean-Louis
Published: February 2020

In SALR fluids, theory and simulation predict tiny morphological changes in the density profile occurring at the onset of clustering.
The usefulness of molecular-dynamics simulations in clarifying the activation enthalpy of oxygen-vacancy migration in the perovskite oxide BaTiO3
Authors: Kaub Johannes , Kler Joe , Parker Stephen C. , De Souza Roger A.
Published: February 2020

Activation enthalpies of oxygen-vacancy migration in BaTiO3 reported in the literature from experiment and from static atomistic simulations.
Intersystem crossing in tunneling regime: T1 → S0 relaxation in thiophosgene
Authors: Lykhin Aleksandr O. , Varganov Sergey A.
Published: February 2020

The nonadiabatic transition state theory provides insight into the T1 → S0 intersystem crossing in thiophosgene driven by quantum tunneling through the barrier formed by the crossing T1 and S0 electronic states.
Crystallization of highly supercooled glass-forming alloys induced by anomalous surface wetting
Authors: Bi Qingling , Guo Chenchen , Lü Yongjun
Published: February 2020

The embryos preferentially form on the film surface and then develop into stable nuclei with the support of another surface.
Design and applications of three dimensional covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Guan Xinyu , Chen Fengqian , Fang Qianrong , Qiu Shilun
Published: February 2020

We summarize in this review the current state-of-the-art development of three dimensional covalent organic frameworks.
Graphitic carbon embedded with Fe/Ni nano-catalysts derived from bacterial precursor for efficient toluene cracking
Authors: Kang Shifei , He Maofen , Yin Chaochuang , Xu Haiyang , Cai Qing , Wang Yangang , Cui Lifeng
Published: February 2020

Highly-dispersed FeNi nano-catalysts embedded in bacterial derived graphitic carbon were successfully synthesized as sustainable and efficient tar cracking catalysts.
High-strength cellulose nanofibers producedviaswelling pretreatment based on a choline chloride–imidazole deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Sirviö Juho Antti , Hyypiö Kalle , Asaadi Shirin , Junka Karoliina , Liimatainen Henrikki
Published: February 2020

A deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and imidazole was investigated for swelling of cellulose fibers prior to mechanical disintegration into cellulose nanofibers.
Visible-light induced disproportionation of pyrrole derivatives for photocatalyst-free aryl halides reduction
Authors: Li Zhi-Jun , Li Shuya , Hofman Elan , Hunter Davis Andrew , Leem Gyu , Zheng Weiwei
Published: February 2020

We developed a facile photoinduced disproportionation approach to generate radical anions of pyrrole derivatives for the reduction of aryl halides, as well as the formation of desired heterocyclic product without the addition of any photocatalysts.
Biomimetic hydroxyapatite/silkfibre/methylcellulose composites for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Valarmathi Narayanan , Sumathi Shanmugam
Published: February 2020

Hydroxyapatite (HAP)/silk fibre (SF)/methylcellulose (MC) composites were developed by an electrospinning (E-Spin) method.
12-Hydroxy stearic acid appended new amphiphilic scaffolds for selective capture of hydrogen halides through supramolecular hydrogelation
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Gupta Arindam , Tiwari Priyanka , Basu Anindya , DuttKonar Anita
Published: February 2020

12-Hydroxy stearic acid appended with various aromatic C-terminal residues serves as a new amphiphilic scaffold for selective halide capture.
The Sn–C bond at the interface of a Sn2Nb2O7–Super P nanocomposite for enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Kong Xingang , Zhang Jiarui , Gong Qinqin , Huang Jianfeng , Yin Lixiong , Li Jiayin , Feng Qi
Published: February 2020

A Sn2Nb2O7–Super P nanocomposite (SNO–SP) as an anode material for lithium ion batteries is successfully synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method.
Synthesis of micro–mesoporous CPO-27-Mg@KIT-6 composites and their test in CO2 adsorption
Authors: Villarroel-Rocha D. , Godoy Agustín A. , Toncón-Leal C. , Villarroel-Rocha J. , Moreno M. S. , Bernini Maria C. , Narda Griselda E. , Sapag K.
Published: February 2020

Novel composites were synthesised through a fusion between CPO-27-Mg framework and mesoporous silica KIT-6 and tested in the CO2 adsorption.
Nature-driven approaches to non-natural terpene analogues
Authors: Harms Vanessa , Kirschning Andreas , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: February 2020

The reactions catalysed by terpene synthases belong to the most complex and fascinating cascade-type transformations in Nature.
Molecular engineering of a high quantum yield NIR-II molecular fluorophore with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics for in vivo imaging
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Kang Fei , Yang Weidong , Zhang Mingru , Dang Ruili , Jiang Pei , Wang Jing
Published: February 2020

Novel biocompatible NIR-II fluorophore with AIE characteristics has been developed and used for NIR-II biomedical fluorescence imaging.
Non-linear Raman scattering intensities in graphene
Authors: Giegold Veit , Lange Lucas , Ciesielski Richard , Hartschuh Achim
Published: February 2020

The Raman G and 2D band intensities in graphene result from electronic-temperature dependent interference of quantum pathways.
Facile synthesis of noncytotoxic PEGylated dendrimer encapsulated silver sulfide quantum dots for NIR-II biological imaging
Authors: Awasthi Pragati , An Xinyi , Xiang Jiajia , Kalva Nagendra , Shen Youqing , Li Chunyan
Published: February 2020

The water-soluble PEG-PATU Ag2S QDs have been successfully prepared by one-pot method, which display the favorable NIR-II fluorescence property for in vivo bioimaging.
Ferrofluid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using a deep eutectic solvent as a support: applications in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meats
Authors: Jouyban Abolghasem , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza , Nemati Mahboob , Alizadeh Nabil Ali Akbar
Published: February 2020

An ultrasonic-assisted ferrofluid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure combined with microwave-assisted counter current extraction has been used for the extraction of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from grilled meat samples.
Oxygen-rich nanoflake-interlaced carbon microspheres for potassium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhang Jianqiao , Xiao Yi , Zhu Youhuan , Wang Zhenyu , Lu Zhouguang
Published: February 2020

Hierarchical nanoflake-interlaced carbon microspheres are prepared by a surfactant-assisted precipitation–polymerization method for potassium-ion battery anodes.
Hysteresis in graphene nanoribbon field-effect devices
Authors: Tries Alexander , Richter Nils , Chen Zongping , Narita Akimitsu , Müllen Klaus , Wang Hai I. , Bonn Mischa , Kläui Mathias
Published: February 2020

Defects in the oxide layer are the main cause for hysteresis in graphene nanoribbon FETs.
Metal promoted conversion of aromatic amines toortho-phenylenediimine derivatives by a radical coupling path
Authors: Dutta Debarpan , Kundu Suman , Weyhermüller Thomas , Ghosh Prasanta
Published: February 2020

Transition metal promoted conversion ofo-substituted arylamines too-phenylenediimine derivatives by a radical C–N coupling path is reported.
Copper-catalyzed formal [1 + 2 + 2]-annulation of alkyne-tethered diazoacetates and pyridines: access to polycyclic indolizines
Authors: Dong Shanliang , Huang Jingjing , Sha Hongkai , Qiu Lihua , Hu Wenhao , Xu Xinfang
Published: February 2020

A copper-catalyzed formal [1 + 2 + 2]-annulation of alkyne-tethered diazo compounds with pyridines, which affords polycyclic fused indolizine derivatives with broad substrate generality, has been reported.
Degradable sugar-based magnetic hybrid nanoparticles for recovery of crude oil from aqueous environments
Authors: Dong Mei , Song Yue , Wang Hai , Su Lu , Shen Yidan , Tran David K. , Letteri Rachel A. , Flores Jeniree A. , Lin Yen-Nan , Li Jialuo , Wooley Karen L.
Published: February 2020

We designed and fabricated a sugar-based magnetic nanocomposite material that is capable of tackling environmental pollution posed by marine oil spills, while minimizing potential secondary problems that may occur from microplastic contamination.
Dual pH and thermoresponsive alternating polyampholytes in alcohol/water solvent mixtures
Authors: Maji Samarendra , Jerca Valentin Victor , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: February 2020

Polyampholytes consist of alternating opposite charges were synthesized by alternating RAFT (co)polymerization of cationic and anionic monomers and their pH dependent thermoresponsive behavior in water and alcohol/water solvent mixtures is reported.
Polycondensation of bis(α-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl) compounds with dicarboxylic acids: an efficient access to functionalized alternating polyesters
Authors: Wang Xin , Ding Yuanli , Tao Youhua , Wang Zikun , Wang Zhen , Yan Jingling
Published: February 2020

We report an efficient and mild approach to functionalized alternating polyesters on the basis of O–H insertion polycondensation of bis(α-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl) compounds with dicarboxylic acids.
Correction: Influenza as a molecular walker
Authors: Hamming P. H. (Erik) , Overeem Nico J. , Huskens Jurriaan
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘Influenza as a molecular walker’ by P. H. (Erik) Hamming et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 27–36.
Kringles of substrate plasminogen provide a ‘catalytic switch' in plasminogen to plasmin turnover by Streptokinase
Authors: Sharma Vandna , Kumar Shekhar , Sahni Girish
Published: February 2020

To understand the role of substrate plasminogen kringles in its differential catalytic processing by the streptokinase — human plasmin (SK-HPN) activator enzyme, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) model was generated between the donor labeled activator enzyme and the acceptor labeled substrate plasminogen (for both kringle rich Lys plasminogen — LysPG, and kringle less microplasminogen — µPG as substrates). Different steps of plasminogen to plasmin catalysis i.e. substrate plasminogen docking to scissile peptide bond cleavage, chemical transformation into proteolytically active product, and the decoupling of the nascent product from the SK-HPN activator enzyme were segregated selectively using (1) FRET signal as a proximity sensor to score the interactions between the substrate and the activator during the cycle of catalysis, (2) active site titration studies and (3) kinetics of peptide bond cleavage in the substrate. Remarkably, active site titration studies and the kinetics of peptide bond cleavage have shown that post docking chemical transformation of the substrate into the product is independent of kringles adjacent to the catalytic domain (CD). Stopped-flow based rapid mixing experiments for kringle rich and kringle less substrate plasminogen derivatives under substrate saturating and single cycle turnover conditions have shown that the presence of kringle domains adjacent to the CD in the macromolecular substrate contributes by selectively speeding up the final step, namely the product release/expulsion step of catalysis by the streptokinase-plasmin(ogen) activator enzyme.
Feature embedding and conditional neural processes for data imputation
Authors: Kwon M. , Jeong Y.‐S. , Choi H.‐J.
Published: February 2020

This Letter addresses the missing value prediction problem in data. Existing missing value prediction studies apply their algorithms after replacing missing values with a constant value, which does not represent the missing values clearly and has disadvantages in processing data with a high missing rate. The authors propose a model that generalises a single data sample from its observations and predicts the value of a query feature. The authors' model can deal with an incomplete data sample independently of missing values. In this process, the feature embedding matrix and feature importance weights are introduced to represent each feature and learned jointly with the proposed model. Through experiments, they verify that the proposed model effectively predicts the missing values of data.
Fast and exact multiple‐input unary‐to‐binary multiplier with variable precision for stochastic computing
Authors: Chuah C.F. , Nandha Kumar T.
Published: February 2020

Stochastic computing offers an area‐efficient solution for power‐greedy computations in error‐resilient applications such as image processing. However, stochastic computing produces only approximated results and suffers from long latency especially for multiplication. The authors present a multiplier design technique for stochastic computing which guarantees exact output and has latency in the order of 2N (N = input precision), utilising the counter for unary‐to‐binary conversion. Compared to state‐of‐the‐art deterministic methods the proposed design is faster by a factor of 2N. Besides, the area of proposed design scales up in proportion to N instead of N2, as opposed to conventional binary multipliers. The design technique can be further extended for multiple inputs and parallel computing, Extensive mathematical analysis and simulation results are presented for each variation throughout this Letter.
Bandpass ΔΣ ADC using pipelined SAR ADC
Authors: Oh S. , Kim K. , Chae H.
Published: February 2020

This Letter proposes a second‐order bandpass ΔΣ ADC using a pipelined successive‐approximation‐register (SAR) ADC as an internal quantiser. The second‐order bandpass noise‐shaping is achieved by utilising the residue signal after SAR conversion and inherent delay existing in a pipelined structure. The proposed ADC can show very high resolution even with low‐order noise‐shaping and low oversampling ratio. Also, it shows good energy efficiency and a high sampling rate due to the use of a pipelined SAR ADC as a quantiser.
Turbulent viscosity and magnetic Prandtl number from simulations of isotropically forced turbulence
Authors: Käpylä P. J. , Rheinhardt M. , Brandenburg A. , Käpylä M. J.
Published: February 2020

Context.Turbulent diffusion of large-scale flows and magnetic fields plays a major role in many astrophysical systems, such as stellar convection zones and accretion discs.

Aims.Our goal is to compute turbulent viscosity and magnetic diffusivity which are relevant for diffusing large-scale flows and magnetic fields, respectively. We also aim to compute their ratio, which is the turbulent magnetic Prandtl number, Pmt, for isotropically forced homogeneous turbulence.

Methods.We used simulations of forced turbulence in fully periodic cubes composed of isothermal gas with an imposed large-scale sinusoidal shear flow. Turbulent viscosity was computed either from the resulting Reynolds stress or from the decay rate of the large-scale flow. Turbulent magnetic diffusivity was computed using the test-field method for a microphysical magnetic Prandtl number of unity. The scale dependence of the coefficients was studied by varying the wavenumber of the imposed sinusoidal shear and test fields.

Results.We find that turbulent viscosity and magnetic diffusivity are in general of the same order of magnitude. Furthermore, the turbulent viscosity depends on the fluid Reynolds number (Re) and scale separation ratio of turbulence. The scale dependence of the turbulent viscosity is found to be well approximated by a Lorentzian. These results are similar to those obtained earlier for the turbulent magnetic diffusivity. The results for the turbulent transport coefficients appear to converge at sufficiently high values of Re and the scale separation ratio. However, a weak trend is found even at the largest values of Re, suggesting that the turbulence is not in the fully developed regime. The turbulent magnetic Prandtl number converges to a value that is slightly below unity for large Re. For small Re we find values between 0.5 and 0.6 but the data are insufficient to draw conclusions regarding asymptotics. We demonstrate that our results are independent of the correlation time of the forcing function.

Conclusions.The turbulent magnetic diffusivity is, in general, consistently higher than the turbulent viscosity, which is in qualitative agreement with analytic theories. However, the actual value of Pmtfound from the simulations (≈0.9−0.95) at large Re and large scale separation ratio is higher than any of the analytic predictions (0.4−0.8).
Extended Hα over compact far-infrared continuum in dusty submillimeter galaxies
Authors: Chen Chian-Chou , Harrison C. M. , Smail I. , Swinbank A. M. , Turner O. J. , Wardlow J. L. , Brandt W. N. , Calistro Rivera G. , Chapman S. C. , Cooke E. A. , Dannerbauer H. , Dunlop J. S. , Farrah D. , Michałowski M. J. , Schinnerer E. , Simpson J. M. , Thomson A. P. , van der Werf P. P.
Published: February 2020

By using data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and near-infrared (NIR) integral field spectrographs, including both Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observations in the Near Infrared and K-band Multi Object Spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope, we investigate the two-dimensional distributions of Hα and rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) continuum in six submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at z ∼ 2. At a similar spatial resolution (∼0.″5 FWHM; ∼4.5 kpc at z = 2), we find that the half-light radius of Hα is significantly larger than that of the FIR continuum in half of the sample, and on average Hα is a median factor of 2.0 ± 0.4 larger. Having explored various ways to correct for the attenuation, we find that the attenuation-corrected Hα-based star-formation rates (SFRs) are systematically lower than the infrared (IR)-based SFRs by at least a median factor of 3 ± 1, which cannot be explained by the difference in half-light radius alone. In addition, we find that in 40% of cases the total V-band attenuation (AV) derived from energy balance modeling of the full ultraviolet (UV)-to-FIR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) is significantly higher than what is derived from SED modeling using only the UV-to-NIR part of the SEDs, and the discrepancy appears to increase with increasing total infrared luminosity. Finally, in considering all of our findings along with the studies in the literature, we postulate that the dust distributions in SMGs, and possibly also in less IR luminous z ∼ 2 massive star-forming galaxies, can be decomposed into the following three main components: the diffuse dust heated by older stellar populations, the more obscured and extended young star-forming H II regions, and the heavily obscured central regions that have a low filling factor but dominate the infrared luminosity in which the majority of attenuation cannot be probed via UV-to-NIR emissions.
Model-independent and model-based local lensing properties of B0128+437 from resolved quasar images
Authors: Wagner Jenny , Williams Liliya L. R.
Published: February 2020

The galaxy-scale gravitational lens B0128+437 generates a quadrupole-image configuration of a background quasar that shows milli-arcsecond-scale subcomponents in the multiple images observed with VLBI. As this multiple-image configuration including the subcomponents has eluded a simple parametric lens-model characterisation so far, we determined local lens properties at the positions of the multiple images with our model-independent approach. Using PixeLens, we also succeeded in setting up a global free-form mass density reconstruction, including all subcomponents as constraints. We compared the model-independent local lens properties with those obtained by PixeLens and those obtained by the parametric modelling algorithm Lensmodel. A comparison of all three approaches and a model-free analysis based on the relative polar angles of the multiple images corroborate the hypothesis that elliptically symmetric models are too simplistic to characterise the asymmetric mass density distribution of this lenticular or late-type galaxy. Determining the local lens properties independently of a model, the sparsity and the strong alignment of the subcomponents yield broad 1-σ confidence intervals ranging from 8% to over 1000% of the local lens property values. The lens model approaches yield comparably broad confidence intervals. Within these intervals, there is a high degree of agreement between the model-independent local lens properties of our approach based on the subcomponent positions and the local lens properties obtained by PixeLens. In addition, the model-independent approach efficiently determines local lens properties on the scale of the quasar subcomponents, which are computationally intensive to obtain by free-form model-based approaches. Relying on the quadrupole moment of each subcomponent, these small-scale local lens properties show tighter 1-σ confidence bounds by at least one order of magnitude on the average with a range of 9% to 535% of the of the local lens property values. As only 40% of the small-scale subcomponent local lens properties overlap within the confidence bounds, mass density gradients on milli-arcsecond scales cannot be excluded. Hence, aiming at a global reconstruction of the deflecting mass density distribution, increasingly detailed observations require flexible free-form models that allow for density fluctuations on milli-arcsecond scale to replace parametric ones, especially for such lenses as B0128, which have an asymmetric mass density distribution that may include localised inhomogeneities.
Prophylactic surgical drainage is associated with increased infection following intramedullary nailing of diaphyseal long bone fractures: A prospective cohort study in Nigeria
Authors: Oguzie Gerald Chukwuemeka , Albright Patrick , Ali Syed Haider , Duru Ndubuisi E. , Iyidobi Emmanuel Chino , Lasebikan Omolade Ayoola , Chukwumam Denning C. , Wu Hao-Hua , Ikpeme Ikpeme A.
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Prophylactic surgical drains are commonly used in Nigeria following intramedullary nailing (IMN) of long bone diaphyseal fractures. However, evidence in the literature suggests that drains do not confer any benefit and predispose clean wounds to infection. This study compares outcomes between patients treated with and without prophylactic surgical drainage following diaphyseal long bone fractures treated with IMN.Methods: A prospective cohort study with randomization was conducted at a tertiary referral center in Enugu, Nigeria. Investigators included skeletally mature patients with diaphyseal long bone (femur, tibia, humerus) fractures treated with SIGN IMN. Patients followed-up at 5, 14, and 30 days post-operatively. The primary outcome was surgical site infection (SSI) rate. Secondary outcomes included post-operative pain at 6 and 12 h, need for blood transfusion, wound characteristics (swelling, ecchymosis, and gaping), need for dressing changes, and length of hospital stay.Results: Of the enrolled patients, 76 (96%) of 79 completed 30-day follow-up. SSI rate was associated with patients who received a prophylactic drain versus those who did not (23.7% vs. 10.5%,p = 0.007). There were no significant differences in transfusion need (p = 0.22), wound swelling (p = 0.74), wound ecchymosis (p = 1.00), wound gaping (p = 1.00), dressing change need (p = 0.31), post-operative pain at 6 h (p = 0.25) or 12 h (p = 0.57), or length of stay (p = 0.95).Discussion: Surgical drain placement following IMN of diaphyseal long bone fractures is associated with a significantly higher risk of SSI. Reducing surgical drain use following orthopaedic injuries in lower resource settings may translate to reduced infection rates.
Ernährungsperiodisierung im Sport
Authors: Hottenrott Kuno
Published: February 2020

Sportler, die ihre Ernährung an das Training anpassen, können ihre Leistungsfähigkeit erhöhen und die Regeneration verbessern. Eine Ernährungsperiodisierung wie das Intervallfasten oder der vorübergehende Verzicht auf eine energetisch ausreichende Nahrungsaufnahme, kann die Reizwirksamkeit des Trainings erhöhen. Davon profitieren insbesondere Sportler, die eine Veränderung der Körperzusammensetzung bewirken wollen.
Die DFG Nachwuchsakademie 2017 – Wissenschaftliche
Nachwuchsförderung in der Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Herber Oliver Rudolf , Wilm Stefan , Fiege Annett , Ernstmann Nicole , Pfaff Holger , Icks Andrea
Published: February 2020

Die vierte Nachwuchsakademie „Versorgungsforschung“ wurde 2017
erneut von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) finanziell
gefördert. Initiator war das Centre for Health and Society (chs) der
Heinrich-Heine-Universität in Düsseldorf unter Beteiligung des
Zentrums für Versorgungsforschung Köln (ZVFK), der
Forschungsstelle für Gesundheitskommunikation und Versorgungsforschung
(CHSR) der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und
Psychotherapie des Universitätsklinikums Bonn, des
Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Versorgungsforschung im
Gesundheitswesen (IZVF) in Witten und des Instituts für
Versorgungsforschung und Klinische Epidemiologie (IVE) der Universität
Marburg. Ziele der Nachwuchsakademie umfassen die Vermittlung von Kompetenzen im
Entwickeln und Ausarbeiten von innovativen Projektideen, die Erhöhung
der Anzahl der Anträge aus dem Bereich der Versorgungsforschung an die
DFG, die Stärkung der Grundlagenforschung innerhalb der
Versorgungsforschung in Deutschland und die Vernetzung der wissenschaftlichen
Community. Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler aus dem gesamten
Bundesgebiet konnten sich mit einem Antragsexposé um die Teilnahme an
der Nachwuchsakademie bewerben. Aus den insgesamt 83 eingegangenen
Bewerbungsanträgen wurden in einem 2-stufigen Begutachtungsprozess die
21 aussichtsreichsten BewerberInnen (14 Frauen und 7 Männer)
ausgewählt, von denen 20 die Nachwuchsakademie durchliefen. Nach einem
eintägigen Vorbereitungs-Workshop, der Erstellung und Begutachtung eines
Probeantrags, einer Akademie-Woche sowie einer Finalisierungsphase wurden alle
Anträge fristgerecht bei der DFG eingereicht. Von diesen
Anträgen werden 9 von der DFG gefördert. Im Juli 2019 fand das
erste Alumnitreffen in Düsseldorf statt.
Delphi-Konsens der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie über das perioperative Management bei onkologischen anatomischen Lungenresektionen
Authors: Koryllos Aris , Ludwig Corinna , Hecker Erich , Leschber Gunda
Published: February 2020

Einleitung Die anatomische Lungenresektion zur kurativen Behandlung einer malignen Grunderkrankung ist die am häufigsten durchgeführte elektive Operation in der onkologischen Thoraxchirurgie. Ziel dieses Projektes war die Erarbeitung eines Konsenses bez. der am häufigsten gestellten Fragen zum Thema perioperatives Management für elektive onkologische Lungenresektionen.

Methodik Die Arbeitsgruppe erarbeitete 2 elektronische Delphi-Fragerunden. Als Konsens wurde eine Übereinstimmung in ≥ 75% definiert. Nach der statistischen Auswertung der Ergebnisse der elektronischen Fragerunde erfolgte eine Expertenkonferenz, die in einer finalen Delphi-Abstimmung versucht hat, weiteren Konsens über strittige Themen zu erreichen.

Ergebnisse 14 Fragen bez. des perioperativen Managements für elektive onkologische Lungenresektionen konnten formuliert und abgestimmt werden. Konsens konnte für folgende Themen erreicht werden: präoperatives infektiologisches Screening, erweiterte lungenfunktionelle Diagnostik bei eingeschränkter Lungenfunktion, Verwendung eines validierten Cardiac-Risk-Assessment-Algorithmus, Überwachung des Patienten postoperativ, Thromboembolieprophylaxe, Kontrollbronchoskopie nach Bronchusmanschettenresektionen oder nach Pneumonektomie sowie Blutgasanalyse vor Entlassung. Für folgende Themen konnte kein Konsens erreicht werden: präoperative endobronchiale mikrobiologische Diagnostik, Spülung der Thoraxhöhle, standardisierte laborchemische Untersuchungen postoperativ.

Fazit Die vorliegende Arbeit fasste die Ergebnisse eines Delphi-Prozesses zusammen, der 2018/2019 mit Experten aus zertifizierten Kliniken oder hochvolumigen thoraxchirurgischen Einheiten geführt wurde. Insgesamt zeigte sich eine sehr hohe Konsensrate bez. des perioperativen Managements bei onkologischen anatomischen selektiven Lungenresektionen. Die präoperative mikrobiologische endobronchiale Diagnostik war der Hauptpunkt, wo ein Konsens nicht erreicht werden konnte.
Wem nützt die App? Internet- und mobilgestützte Interventionen (IMIs) im Spannungsfeld von Autonomie und Patientenwohl
Authors: Rubeis Giovanni , Ketteler Daniel
Published: February 2020

Ziel der Studie Der Einsatz von Internet- und mobilgestützten Interventionen (IMIs) wird als Empowerment von PatientInnen sowie als Verbesserung des Zugangs zu Versorgungsangeboten beschrieben. Die ethischen Risiken für spezifische Patientengruppen werden nur selten diskutiert. Ziel der Studie ist die Verortung der Patientengruppen, die im Spannungsfeld von Autonomie und Patientenwohl vom Einsatz von IMIs möglicherweise nicht profitieren.

Methodik Das Material der ethischen Analyse besteht in Randomisierten Kontrollstudien (RCTs) und Reviews sowie ethischen Zeitschriften- und Buchbeiträgen. Methodischer Orientierungspunkt ist das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Patientenautonomie und Patientenwohl. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Patientengruppen herausgearbeitet, bei welchen der Einsatz von IMIs nicht zu Empowerment oder verbessertem Zugang zu Versorgungsangeboten führt.

Ergebnisse Die evidenzbasierte ethische Analyse zeigt, dass PatientInnen mit bestimmten Störungsbildern bzw. gesteigerter Symptomschwere, PatientInnen mit niedrigem Bildungsgrad und mangelnder technischer Affinität sowie PatientInnen mit Migrationshintergrund von der Anwendung von IMIs oftmals nicht profitieren. Für diese Patientengruppen kann der Einsatz von IMIs Risiken wie mangelnde Passung auf individuelle Behandlungsbedürfnisse, Symptomverschlechterung, hohe Abbruchrate und mangelnde Erkennung von Notsituationen mit sich bringen.

Diskussion Die starke Betonung des Autonomie-Aspekts kann bei manchen Patientengruppen eine Beeinträchtigung des Patientenwohls mit sich bringen und vorhandene Zugangsbarrieren zum Gesundheitssystem weiter verstärken. Somit können vielfach gerade diejenigen Patientengruppen nicht erreicht werden, deren Inklusion in die psychiatrische und psychotherapeutische Versorgung durch IMIs gefördert werden soll. Diese Zugangsbarrieren sollten zumindest frühzeitig in die Konzeptionierung von IMIs einfließen, um durch eine sicherlich notwendige Digitalisierung des Gesundheitsmarktes ohnehin oft multimorbide Randgruppen in Multiproblemsituationen nicht aus den Augen zu verlieren.

Schlussfolgerung Die Anwendung von IMIs ist stets vor dem Hintergrund der individuellen Ressourcen von PatientInnen zu prüfen. Hinsichtlich einer möglichen verstärkten Implementierung von IMIs im deutschen Versorgungssystem ist daher der Schutz des Patientenwohls jener Gruppen zu gewährleisten, für welche der Einsatz von IMIs Risiken mit sich bringt. Zudem können durch einen frühzeitigen Fokus auf marginalisierte Patientengruppen und die Implementierung niedrigschwelliger Zugänge zum Behandlungs- und Beratungssystem auch Chancen für gerade diese Klientengruppen eröffnet werden.
Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies on 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]-oxaselenines Formation from Selenocyanates
Authors: Szajnman Sergio H. , Rodriguez Juan B. , Chao María N. , Cattaneo Mauricio , Sanchez Gonzalez Jonathan , Bonesi Sergio M.
Published: February 2020

An expedient preparation of selenium-containing hetero­cycles via an m-chloroperbenzoic acid-mediated seleno-annulation starting from selenocyanate derivatives is described. In spite of its significance, this cyclization reaction is virtually understudied not only from the point of view of its scope, but also from the mechanistic aspects associated to this remarkable transformation. In this sense, several selenocyanate and thiocyanate derivatives bearing an aromatic ring were evaluated as substrates under different reaction conditions of this interesting cyclization yielding important insights on its scope as well as relevant information on the reaction mechanism.
Internal Chelation within Functionalized Organoindium Reagents: Prospects for Regio- and Stereocontrol in the Allylation, Propargylation and Allenylation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Zambroń Bartosz K.
Published: February 2020

The low basicity, selective nucleophilicity, and mildness of organoindium compounds allow for the incorporation of many important yet sensitive functional groups into their structure, including examples capable of intramolecularly chelating the indium center within these reagents. The specific nature of such chelated organoindiums causes the reactions involving them to proceed in a unique manner, often with regio- and stereoselectivity inaccessible with simple organometallic reagents. This review covers the rare examples of regio- and stereoselective allylation, propargylation, and allenylation of carbonyl compounds with chelated organoindiums, including brief descriptions of the applications of the resulting adducts in the asymmetric synthesis of natural products and synthetic targets of biological and medicinal interest.

1 Introduction

2 Internal Chelation Control in the Allylation Processes

2.1 Allylindiums with a Chelating Center at the γ-Position

2.2 Allylindiums with a chelating Center at the δ-Position

2.3 Allylindiums with a Chelating Center at ε- and ζ-Positions

2.4 Allylindiums with a Chelating Center at γ′- and δ′-Positions

3 Internal Chelation Control in Propargylation and Allenylation Processes­

3.1 Additions of Chelated Allenylindiums

3.2 Additions of Chelated Propargylindiums

4 Conclusion
Formal Synthesis of Pseudolaric Acid B
Authors: Mori Naoki
Published: February 2020

A formal synthesis of pseudolaric acid B, a diterpene isolated from the root bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon (Pinaceae), to Trost’s synthetic intermediate was achieved in 17 steps from a known ketone. Key features of this synthesis include a Claisen rearrangement and iodoetherification to construct quaternary stereocenters and ring-closing metathesis to form the seven-membered ring.
Efficient Synthesis of 4H-3,1-Benzoxazine Derivatives via One-Pot Sequential Passerini-Azide/Palladium-Catalyzed Azide–Isocyanide Coupling/Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Xiong Jun , Feng Qi-Xun , Mu Zhi-Ying , Yao Gang , Zhang Jia-An , He Hui-Ting , Pang Yong-Long
Published: February 2020

A new, one-pot method for the synthesis of 4H-3,1-benzoxazine derivatives has been developed. The Passerini-azide reactions of 2-azidobenzaldehydes, trimethylsilyl azide, and isocyanides produced azide intermediate without separation, which then reacted with isocyanides to give 4H-3,1-benzoxazine derivatives via a tandem one-pot palladium-catalyzed azide–isocyanide coupling/cyclization reaction in moderate to good yields.
Nucleophilic Addition to Nitrones Using a Flow Microreactor
Authors: Imada Yasushi , Arakawa Yukihiro , Ueta Shun , Okamoto Takuma , Minagawa Keiji
Published: February 2020

Nucleophilic addition reactions of soft carbon nucleophiles to nitrones in a flow microreactor are reported for the first time. Under microflow conditions at 30 to 0 °C, a range of nitrones can be efficiently transformed into the corresponding oxyiminium ions by reaction with either acyl halides or trialkylsilyl triflates. These can subsequently undergo the addition of nucleophiles including allyltributylstannane, ketene methyl tert-butyldimethylsilyl acetal, and N-silyl ketene imines to afford the corresponding adducts in high yields; such reactions at a similar temperature under batch conditions resulted in lower yields because of undesired side reactions.
Evaluation of Ischemia Following Clipping of Anterior Circulation Aneurysms with Respect to Temporary Clipping Using Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Bodeliwala Shaam , Aher Rajender , Jagetia Anita , Srivastava Arvind Kumar , Singh Daljit , Ganjoo Pragati
Published: February 2020

Temporary vessel occlusion enables a surgeon dissect aneurysm and clip with a lower risk of intraoperative hemorrhage with the associated risk of ischemia. There are studies on permissible time of occlusion of the parent artery using temporary clip; however, the actual incidence of silent ischemic events in patients with aneurysms treated with microsurgical clipping is not well documented. We are trying to look for the association between temporary clipping and incidence of ischemia through this study. The study concluded the statistically significant association between the maximum time of single clip application and ischemia. Intermittent multiple temporary clippings can prevent ischemia instead of a single clipping of longer duration.
Transaminases persistentemente elevadas - o que fazer?
Authors: Porta Gilda , Tofoli Marise H C
Published: February 2020

O aumento persistente das transaminases requer observação clínica detalhada com história, exame físico e exames laboratoriais para avaliação hepática e dos diagnósticos diferenciais. O objetivo deste artigo é auxiliar o pediatra na condução desses casos, com a intenção de otimizar a investigação e o diagnóstico nestes pacientes. Os valores dessas enzimas podem variar de acordo com a faixa etária, e seu aumento pode ser a primeira manifestação de uma hepatopatia, ou de doenças metabólicas, genéticas ou extra-hepáticas.
Resposta inflamatória e alterações nutricionais: biomarcadores
Authors: Delgado Artur Figueiredo
Published: February 2020

A conferência de abertura do 49th Annual Meeting of The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN 2016) foi ministrada pelo Professor George P. Chrousos. Ele é um dos 250 mais proeminentes cientistas pesquisadores do mundo em sua área de atuação. O Professor George P. Chrousos explanou sobre as mais variadas situações em que potenciais causas de stress determinam condições inflamatórias. Os processos inflamatórios e as alterações da condição nutricional estão relacionados a significantes modificações metabólicas. A subnutrição (caquexia) e a obesidade estão relacionadas com a inflamação e consequente risco aumentado de alterações imunológicas, infecção, Diabetes Mellitus tipo II, Síndrome Metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares. Os biomarcadores tem potencial para diagnóstico, monitorização, estratificação e como prognóstico em várias síndromes. O exemplo mais conhecido é a síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica que pode impactar na condição nutricional. Os biomarcadores podem avaliar as duas condições e vários deles são frequentemente utilizados na prática clínica: albumina, proteína C-reativa, 25-hidroxivitamina D, cálcio, magnésio, proteínas totais, transferrina, triglicérides e zinco. Novos estudos serão necessários para estabelecer o valor dos biomarcadores quanto ao prognóstico (morbimortalidade).
Determination of lead concentration in breast milk and blood of lactanting women in an interior city of Brasil
Authors: Andrade Marco Túlio Soares , Del Ciampo Luiz Antonio , Del Ciampo Ieda Regina Lopes , Ferraz Ivan Savioli , Ricco Rubens Garcia , Silva Patricia Silveira , Junior Fernando Barbosa
Published: February 2020

Background: breast milk offers numerous advantages biological and emotional. However, in some situations, can transfer harmful elements for the health of infants.

Objective: to determine lead levels in the blood and milk of mothers whose children frequent a primary mother-child health care.

Methods: a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study of 70 healthy women who were breast-feeding babies younger than six months during 01/04/2011 to 30/09/2011. Lead determination was performed by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. A linear regression model was adjusted to determine the association between lead concentrations in maternal milk and blood. The estimated values of the difference between means and their 95% confidence intervals were obtained.

Results: mean lead concentration in milk was 1.462 ng/mL and blood lead concentration was 1.801 μg/dL.

Conclusions: human milk is not a source of contamination for the babies in this area. However, more studies are needed in other regions of the country in view of the growing evidence of foci of lead contamination, which may represent an occult risk for the population.
Microbubble enhanced acoustic tweezers for size-independent cell sorting
Authors: Meng Long , Cui Xiaoyu , Dong Chenyu , Liu Xiufang , Zhou Wei , Zhang Wenjun , Wang Xinhui , Niu Lili , Li Fei , Cai Feiyan , Wu Junru , Zheng Hairong
Published: February 2020

Acoustic tweezers hold great promise for potential applications in cell sorting due to their noncontact, noninvasive, and simple characteristics. Acoustic tweezers, however, have difficulty in separating the cells of the same size distribution, which hampers their applications. In this paper, we demonstrate that assisted by the targeted microbubble, two kinds of cells with an overlap in size distribution can be efficiently separated by surface acoustic waves. By specifically adhering the targeted microbubbles to MDA-MB-231 cells, the acoustic sensitivity of cells can be improved significantly, leading to the isolation of MDA-MB-231 from MCF-7 cells with an efficiency of 91.2 ± 3.4%. This method extends the diversity of acoustic separation and is capable of separation of particles with the same density and diameter, proving a strategy for specific cell sorting.
Investigation of polycrystalline GaxIn1 − xP for potential use as a solar cell absorber with tunable bandgap
Authors: Chikhalkar Abhinav , Gangopadhyay Abhinandan , Liu Hanxiao , Zhang Chaomin , Ponce Fernando A. , Smith David J. , Honsberg Christiana , King Richard R.
Published: February 2020

There is ongoing interest in developing a stable, low-cost, 1.6–1.8 eV top-cell material that can be used for two-junction (tandem) solar cells, particularly in combination with a silicon bottom cell. In this work, polycrystalline GaInP is grown and characterized to explore its properties and use for this purpose. The film composition and deposition temperature are varied to determine their effects on grain size, morphology, and photoluminescence (PL) over a range of bandgaps from 1.35 to 1.7 eV. An Al-assisted post-deposition treatment for 1.7-eV polycrystalline GaInP results in a 90-fold increase in peak photoluminescence (PL) intensity, a 220-fold increase in integrated PL intensity, and increased time-resolved PL lifetime from <2 ns to 44 ns. The increase in PL intensity and lifetime is attributed to a reduction of nonradiative minority-carrier recombination at the top surface, and at grain boundaries near the surface, due to the formation of a higher-bandgap AlGaInP alloy. These materials provide a viable path toward increased minority-carrier concentration under illumination and improved recombination properties needed for high-efficiency tandem solar cells.
Multiple parameter space bandgap control of reconfigurable atmospheric plasma photonic crystal
Authors: Paliwoda Matthew C. , Rovey Joshua L.
Published: February 2020

A plane wave expansion method is used to simulate the bandgaps for a square lattice plasma photonic crystal over a parameter space of five independent variables, characteristic of a reconfigurable atmospheric discharge (plasma frequency: 0.056–5.6 × 1012 rad/s, collision frequency: 1–6 × 1012 rad/s, plasma column radius: 0.2–0.4 mm, lattice constant: 1–2 mm, and background dielectric: 1–10). The trends of the first and second bandgaps allow for five-dimensional 4th order polynomial equations to be fitted to the data, defining the boundaries of the first and second bandgaps with 8% and 2% error, respectively. Performance metrics (operational frequency range and frequency sensitivity) of the plasma photonic crystal are defined and evaluated for each controlling variable. The results show that, within the variable space investigated here, the column radius and background dielectric are the most effective controlling variables for the bandgap bandwidth and center frequency, respectively. The maximum frequency range provided by the variable ranges investigated here is 25–400 GHz and 0–250 GHz for the TE1 and TE0 bandgaps, respectively.
Analytic stability boundaries for compressional and global Alfvén eigenmodes driven by fast ions. II. Interaction via Landau resonance
Authors: Lestz J. B. , Gorelenkov N. N. , Belova E. V. , Tang S. X. , Crocker N. A.
Published: February 2020

Conditions for net fast ion drive are derived for beam-driven, co-propagating, sub-cyclotron compressional (CAE) and global (GAE) Alfvén eigenmodes driven by the Landau resonance with super-Alfvénic fast ions. Approximations applicable to realistic neutral beam distributions and mode characteristics observed in spherical tokamaks enable the derivation of marginal stability conditions for these modes. Such conditions successfully reproduce the stability boundaries found from numerical integration of the exact expression for local fast ion drive/damping. Coupling between the CAE and GAE branches of the dispersion due to finite ω/ωci and |k∥/k⊥| is retained and found to be responsible for the existence of the GAE instability via this resonance. Encouraging agreement is demonstrated between the approximate stability criterion, simulation results, and a database of NSTX observations of co-CAEs.
Bismuth ferrite nanoparticles for modulation of helical structure at the interface of ferroelectric liquid crystal and substrate
Authors: Khan Sidra , Prakash Jai , Chauhan Shikha , Choudhary Amit , Biradar Ashok M.
Published: February 2020

We report the impact of dispersion of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles (BF-NPs) on the helical structure of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) in two ways: on the surface and into the bulk of FLC. The optical textural observations of the FLC sample cell with BF-NPs on the surface of the substrate show a remarkable change of three different domains having varied molecular orientation in comparison to pure and bulk dispersed FLC, where only two types of domains of different molecular orientations are observed at room temperature. These observations have confirmed distinct molecular dynamics in all the samples. The dispersion of BF-NPs in the bulk of FLC causes a slight shift in a chiral smectic C* (SmC*)–chiral smectic A* (SmA*) phase transition toward a higher temperature. The Goldstone mode (GM) relaxation frequency of the bulk dispersed sample is shifted toward the higher frequency as the temperature is increased and finally is suppressed once the transition from the SmC* phase to the SmA* phase occurs. A relaxation phenomenon is observed other than the GM in the SmC* range and is known as the partially unwound helical mode (p-UHM), contributing to the overall permittivity at lower frequencies. The p-UHM mode is mainly a surface effect that appears due to the fluctuation of partially unwound helix at the surface. The p-UHM process is observed in both cases, i.e., bulk and surface dispersed BF-NPs in the FLC. The influential contribution of the p-UHM has exhibited dielectric properties in its intrinsic frequency range, making the materials suitable for future display devices.