bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical case of factitious hypoglycemia
Authors: Yukina M. Yu. , Nuralieva N. F. , Troshina E. A. , Ioutsi V. A.
Published: May 2020

Hypoglycemic syndrome (HGS) is a significant decrease glucose in blood, manifested by neurological symptoms, and stopped by the introduction of glucose. Among the many causes of HGS the special place is taken by the factitious hypoglycemia, as one of the variants of Munchausen syndrome. Hypoglycemia in such cases is achieved by the intentional introduction of hypoglycemic drugs. The most commonly used medications are sulfonylurea derivatives, which are affordable, inexpensive and legal. The close collaboration of clinicians with the laboratory service plays a key role in the diagnosis of factitious hypoglycemia. Since the results of biochemical and hormonal analyzes in patients with hypoglycemia due to reception of oral hypoglycemic medications and pancreatogenous HGS are identical, the only way to differentiate these conditions is by detection of insulin secretagogue substances in the blood (or urine).

The determination of oral hypoglycemic medications in cases of suspicion of artificial reception is not implemented in Russia. Factitious hypoglycemia in most cases is the diagnosis of exclusion, and its confirmation if often based on detection of medications among the personal effects of patient. This is a significant difficulty given the ethical standards. However, since 2018 we conduct in our Centre the determination of 7 oral hypoglycemic medications (glibenclamide, gliquidone, gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, nateglinide and repaglinide) in patient’s blood using the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This article presents a clinical case of a patient without diabetes mellitus taking glibenclamide and detection of this drug using highly selective LC-MS.
“Hepatogenic diabetes” is an old term and new meaning
Authors: Kokovina Yu. , Pavlova E. Yu. , Antonova E. A.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Today, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly associated with the presence or risk of developing type 2 diabetes (D2). The term “hepatogenic diabetes”, proposed to refer to SD2 in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (CP), has acquired a new meaning, since this combination is of growing interest. The authors analyzed the current literature and summarized data on the pathogenesis, risk factors, and possible therapy of NAFLD.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of L-ornithine-L-aspartate (HEPA-Merz, Merz Pharma GmbH & Co) in combination with biguanides in the treatment of NAFLD patients in combination with D2.

Materials and methods. The study included 30 patients aged 26 to 60 years with a verified diagnosis of NAFLD of varying degrees of activity in combination with D2. All patients were prescribed combination therapy with the drug HEPA-Merz (“Merz Pharma GmbH and Co”) at a dose of 3 grams 3 times a day in combination with biguanides. The examination was performed on the 1st, 28-th and 56-th days of treatment. In order to determine the effectiveness of therapy, we evaluated the dynamics of clinical symptoms (asthenovegetative, dyspeptic syndromes, pain syndrome in the ball system), biochemical parameters of liver function (changes in markers of cytolysis, cholestasis), lipidogram indicators, glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, and ultrasound results of abdominal organs.

Results. On day 56, asthenovegetative, dyspeptic and pain syndrome were stopped during therapy. Most patients showed a decrease in body weight from 3 to 5 kg. When evaluating changes in biochemical parameters on the 28-th day, the activity of ALT, AST, GGTP and glucose levels significantly decreased against the background of the therapy. On the 56th day of treatment, the activity of transaminases, bilirubin, GGTP and GFR in all patients were within the reference values.

Conclusion. Understanding the multifactorial nature of NAFLD and the mechanisms of associated diseases, including D2, will allow us to assess the prognosis of the disease and prescribe adequate timely therapy. The effectiveness of the original ornithineaspartate (Merz Pharma GmbH & Co.) is manifested by a decrease in the processes of cytolysis of hepatocytes, normalization of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
New SGLT2 inhibitor ertugliflozin: safe and effective in the management of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Salukho V. V. , Ilyinskay T. A.
Published: May 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular complications. A new approach to treatment of T2DM, based on the inhibition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) ensures reliable insulin-independent glycemic control with quick overcome of glucotoxicity, reduction of insulin resistance, and positive effects on body mass, blood pressure and other rates. Besides, pronounces clinical efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitor is marked by its use safety and minimized frequency of adverse events. Along with this, the results of carried-out, randomized clinical studies of cardiovascular safety of different SGLT2 inhibitors showed, that apart from bearing on the risk factors, the inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 leads to cardioand renoprotective effects. In addition, their influence on cardiovascular and renal outcomes is the stronger the more different the pre-existing status of cardiovascular diseases of the patient is, the condition of his renal function and the severity of albuminuria. This article summarizes the main results of carried-out randomized clinical studies of SGLT2 inhibitors, which demonstrate their cardiovascular advantages and compile encouraging results of multicentered studies VERTIS, examining different aspects of the use of the ertugliflazine SGLT2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes. There is data provided demonstrating a powerful glucoselowering, body-mass lowering and hypotensive impacts of ertugliflazine comparable to the same performance of the best representatives of the class. This article describes an evidence base of the use of the drug in monotherapy and its ability to be combined with other oral hypoglycemic agentsand highlightes a high level of safety of the use of ertugliflazine correspondinding to minimized frequency of adverse outcomes of SGLT2 inhibition and so the potential of SGLT2 inhibitors as a new promising class for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease is revealed.
Alogliptin: efficiency, safety, new possibilities
Authors: Morgunov L. Yu.
Published: May 2020

Alogliptin, a dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor, is an oral hypoglycemic agent approved in many countries for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, including the United States, Europe, and Japan. The drug is effective both as a monotherapy, and as an additional or combined treatment of type 2 diabetes. Alogliptin is well tolerated by patients, including the elderly, as well as those suffering from kidney and / or liver failure or having a high risk of cardiovascular events. The low risk of hypoglycemia, weight gain, acute pancreatitis, and side gastrointestinal events. During treatment with alogliptin has been demonstrated in both long-term (up to 4.5 years) studies and in actual clinical practice. Alogliptin increases postprandial levels of the glucagon-like peptide-1, which leads to insulin secretion and normalization of glucose homeostasis. Treatment with alogliptin is associated not only with improved glucose metabolism, but also with a decrease in blood pressure and arterial rigidity in patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes, as well as normalizing the lipid profile. In patients with diabetes mellitus who have recently undergone acute coronary syndrome and received alogliptin, the frequency of serious adverse cardiovascular events does not increase. Experimental data show that alogliptin reduces ventricular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. Alogliptin has a number of unique properties. It is assumed that it can increase the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells that play an important role in endothelial repair and neovascularization. Alogliptin preserves the functionality and structure of the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. The drug may be a potential treatment for patients with MODY1 diabetes at an early stage of the disease, when residual insulin secretion is preserved. Treatment with a fixed combination of Alogliptin + Metformin results in better glycemic control than monotherapy and is well tolerated. There is evidence that treatment with alogliptin is not associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, selection within the class. The rational combination of insulin glargine 100 + lixisenatide
Authors: Martjanova M. V. , Babenko A. Yu.
Published: May 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease accompanied by a gradual worsening of β-cell function. With a long course of T2DM, a significant proportion of patients develop absolute insulinopenia and there is a need to transfer the patient from oral hypoglycemic drugs (OHD) to basal insulin therapy in combination with OHD or to the basal-bolus regimen of insulin therapy (IT). More than 80% of patients with T2DM are obese or overweight and the addition of insulin, which is a lipogenetic hormone, to the therapy contributes to even greater weight gain, which serves as a prerequisite for increasing cardiovascular risks, as well as the appearance and progression of biomechanical problems such as arthrosis of the joints, venous insufficiency. In this review article, we will consider and evaluate the benefits of administering combinations of basal insulin glargine in combination with glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1ra) lixisenatide to one of the most rational treatment regimens for patients with T2DM insulin deficiency and persistent insulin resistance. Also, the article focuses on the variability of glycemia, which according to research can play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and can be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes. Due to the fact that glycemic control is based on the determination of predominantly glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a measure of average glucose concentration, it is known that this marker does not accurately reflect glycemic variability, which is characterized by the amplitude, frequency and duration of hypo- and hyperglycemic fluctuations. A fixed combination of insulin preparations glargin 100 and GLP-1ra lixisenatide allows to select individually effective dosage for a patient with type 2 diabetes and obesity, will help to achieve several goals at the same time - from improving glycemic parameters without increasing body weight and without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia, to significantly reduce the need for insulin with its previous use, as well as reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Diagnosis and treatment of the early stages of diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Khramilin V. N. , Zavyalov A. N. , Demidova I. Yu.
Published: May 2020

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common and earliest complication of diabetes mellitus and it may occur much earlier in patients with type-2 diabetes than in patients with type-1. Distal polyneuropathy can develop not only in diabetes mellitus, but also at the stage of prediabetes and even in patients with metabolic syndrome without impaired glycemic state. Hyperglycemia viewed as a major, but not the sole factor, responsible for development and progression DPN. The control of blood glucose as an obligatory step of therapy to delay or reverse DPN is no longer an arguable issue. Damage of peripheral nervous system in prediabetes and in the initial stages of diabetes mainly affects small nerve fibers, which also leads to disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy diagnosed in 5-7.7% of patients at the time of diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. For the early diagnosis of DPN, both routine assessment of peripheral sensation can be used, as well as specialized methods (sympathetic skin reactions, skin biopsy, confocal corneal microscopy, quantitative sensory tests) and validated questionnaires (Utah Early Neuropathy Scale) focused on assessing the function of small nerve fibers. Non-electrophysiological studies also were tested for early diagnosis of DPN: peripheral nerve sonoelastography, optical coherence tomography, MRI neurography, spiral positron emission CT (SPECT) with 123I-MIBG. DPN diagnosis in the pre-clinical stage very important, because treatment with diet and lifestyle intervention may be successful. The correlation between the severity of oxidative stress and the activity of antioxidant defense is considered as a potential mechanism for early nerves damage with hyperglycemia and as a possible target for therapeutic intervention. In this work, we will review prevalence, diagnostic approaches and potential treatment options for early diabetic polyneuropathy.
Start therapy of pain at gonarthrosis in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Krasivina I. G. , Dolgova L. N. , Dolgov N. V.
Published: May 2020

Introduction.Among phenotypic variants of osteoarthritis (OA), a special place is occupied by OA with a comorbidity. A therapy of a pain in OA patients with the comorbid for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) should be carried out with account for its effectiveness and safety.

Objective.Perform comparative analysis of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of gonarthrosis and their therapeutic dynamics in moderate comorbid risk groups.

Methods.The clinical and laboratory characteristics of gonarthrosis were studied in 386 women (mean age 61.3 ± 7.8 years), of which 162 ones had DM2. We evaluated several characteristics of the pain, which were summarized in the rating of pain (R_P). The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the blood serum was determined. An analysis of 75 samples of a synovial fluid (SF) obtained by a puncture of knee joints (KJ) in patients with severe synovitis was performed. An open-label controlled short-term trial of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of diclofenac sodium in gonarthrosis was performed in 30 people in the euglycemic group and in the comorbid one according to DM2.

Results.R_P for concomitant DM2 was 22.2% (p = 0.0001) lower than for isolated gonarthrosis, but the concentration of CRP in serum and SF did not differ between groups. The glucose level in the SF with concomitant DM2 was 46.6% (p = 0.0001) higher. NSAIDs were used according to the needs of more than 75% of patients, but women with concomitant diabetes mellitus type 2 used non-selective drugs 1.9 times (p = 0.008) more often. The efficacy and safety of the drug containing diclofenac sodium was comparable in the euglycemic group and in the concomitant diabetes mellitus type 2 group, but patients with comorbid DM2 achieved an effect of 23% less quantity NSAIDs.

Conclusions.The use of drugs containing diclofenac sodium in 87% of patients provides an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect with the satisfactory tolerance and the low drug demand, including in patients comorbid for type 2 diabetes.
Hypothyroidism: current state of the problem
Authors: Biryukova E. V. , Kileynikov D. V. , Solovyeva I. V.
Published: May 2020

The article presents the issues of epidemiology, classification, and clinic of hypothyroidism. The frequency of hypothyroidism increases significantly with age. The most common form is primary hypothyroidism, caused by a pathological process in the thyroid gland itself. Secondary hypothyroidism or tertiary hypothyroidism is caused by insufficient secretion of thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH), or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. The article deals with the main causes of primary and secondary hypothyroidism. The most common cause of primary hypothyroidism is autoimmune thyroiditis, which can develop both separately and simultaneously with other autoimmune diseases, as part of polyglandular syndrome. Special attention should be paid to the change of thyroid status as a result of adverse side reactions when using a range of drugs. The questions about the mechanisms of thyroid insufficiency development as a result of unfavorable side reactions when using a number of drugs (lithium preparations, iodine-containing compounds, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, etc.) have been raised. Undiagnosed hypothyroidism is a risk factor for the progression of already existing cardiovascular diseases. The severity of clinical manifestations is determined by the severity of thyroid hormone deficiency. There are no significant clinical differences between the pronounced forms of primary and secondary hypothyroidism. Depending on the degree of lesion, secondary hypothyroidism may be complicated by other manifestations of hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, as well as the latter may include a decrease in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone at a certain stage of their development. Diagnostic difficulties are discussed, as hypothyroidism disrupts the functioning of most organs and systems of the body (musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, urinary, gastrointestinal, central and peripheral nervous systems) and can be masked by various diseases. The final diagnosis of hypothyroidism is clarified by a number of laboratory and instrumental studies. Substitution therapy with levothyroxine is used to treat hypothyroidism of any etiology.
Perspectivas de pesquisa com a metodologia de Eye tracking em leitura e cognição no Brasil
Authors: Blanco Riess Adriana , Gabriel Rosângela
Published: May 2020

Este artigo investiga os últimos quarenta anos de pesquisas em leitura e cognição que utilizam a tecnologia de Eye Tracking (rastreamento ocular). Faz-se uma retomada das metodologias de pesquisa na área de psicolinguística, desde aquelas que analisam dados comportamentais do leitor até as mais recentes que lidam com neuroimagens. Em especial, descreve-se o avanço da pesquisa com o Eye tracking, tanto em universidades do exterior, como nos laboratórios brasileiros. O que se observou é que nos últimos 10 anos o Brasil passou de dois laboratórios em universidades para sete laboratórios que desenvolvem pesquisa sob várias perspectivas cognitivas em programas de pós-graduação em linguística, a maioria deles avaliados como muito qualificados pela CAPES. Isso significa que essa é uma tecnologia promissora para a área de leitura, que cada vez mais se justifica como necessária.
O compartilhamento das experiências vivenciadas na RPPN Ninho do Corvo, Prudentópolis/PR, no TripAdvisor e sua classificação nas esferas da Economia da Experiência
Authors: Schoab Viviane Aparecida , Lazanha Diego Araujo , Maganhotto Ronaldo Ferreira , Fernandes Diogo Lüders
Published: May 2020

O turismo de aventura é um segmento da atividade turística que oferece aos consumidores produtos experienciais que tem a capacidade de estimular diversas das dimensões da esfera da economia da experiência. Muitas destas são relatadas nas redes e mídias sociais pelos usuários e influenciam a compra por produtos e serviços turísticos neste segmento. A RPPN do Ninho do Corvo, localizada no Município de Prudentópolis, é um destes empreendimentos que possuem relato dos visitantes quanto as atividades de esportes radicais oferecidos pelo estabelecimento. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar com base nos relatos dos usuários do Tripadvisor, quais as dimensões da esfera da economia da experiência são estimuladas pelas atividades na RPPN Ninho do Corvo em Prudentópolis. A pesquisa em questão se caracteriza por ser de natureza qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva e se utilizou da netnografia como técnica de coleta de dados e do programa de análise qualitativa MAXQA para auxiliar na apresentação e análise dos dados. Foi constato por meio do estudo que os relatos no site se referem principalmente as dimensões das experiencias de evasão, entretenimento e contemplação, vividas pelos visitantes na RPPN Ninho do Corvo.

Palavras-chave: Experiência. Rede Social. TripAdvisor. Turismo de Aventura. Prudentópolis.
Fazenda Santo Antônio do Paiol, Valença/RJ: pioneirismo em serviços de hospitalidade
Authors: D'Onofre Dan Gabriel
Published: May 2020

Localizada no município fluminense de Valença, a Fazenda Santo Antônio do Paiol teve sua fundação ligada ao Ciclo do Café. Durante o século XIX, a égide do desenvolvimento baseado no modelo plantation, tendo o café (Coffea sp.) como principal gênero vegetal de produção, foi a batuta para a condução da ocupação do território, a resultar impactos de diversas ordens. Durante o período de maior acumulação monetária da cafeicultura imperial, suntuosos palácios, casarões e sedes de fazendas foram erguidos por todo Vale do Paraíba fluminense. Ainda assim, em meio a esse conjunto de fazendas que se espalharam a ferro, fogo, sangue e suor, cada uma delas possui particularidades que ainda são desconhecidas para fora do discurso turístico. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho se dedica a discorrer sobre o processo de abertura de visitação da Fazenda Santo Antônio do Paiol, liderada por Dona Francisca Olympia Alves de Queiroz Esteves, ainda na década de 1960. Para tanto, através de uma abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa foi conduzida tendo como instrumentos a coleta de imagens por fotografias, bem como a aplicação de formulários junto aos anfitriões atuais. Para além da observação participante, posto que o pesquisador esteve a conviver com os entrevistados, bem como a consumir os serviços de hospitalidade ofertados junto à Fazenda Santo Antônio do Paiol, os dados coletados em diário de campo, somado aos demais obtidos pelos instrumentos supracitados, foram analisados por triangulação. Vale destacar que, o artigo também se consolidou através de uma pesquisa histórica, com base nos dados secundários advindos da produção da área da história, da arquitetura e da economia. Por fim, destaca-se que, de modo inusitado, a Fazenda Santo Antônio do Paiol é uma das pioneiras na oferta de hospitalidade comercial em pleno início da segunda metade do século XX, no sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Palavras-chave: Vale do Café. Hospitalidade. História.
Effects of Risperidone in Autistic Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mano-Sousa Brayan Jonas , Pedrosa Alessandra Moraes , Alves Bruna Cristina , Galduróz José Carlos Fernandes , Belo Vinícius Silva , Chaves Valéria Ernestânia , Duarte-Almeida Joaquim Maurício
Published: May 2020

There are several studies investigating the effects of risperidone on autism, but many of
these studies are contradictory or inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated
the effects of risperidone on five domains of the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC) scale
on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as well as weight gain and waist circumference. The protocol
for the present systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on the International Prospective
Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). For this study, we analysed articles (2,459), selecting
them according to the PICOS strategy (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study
design). Although risperidone is effective for the treatment of lethargy and inadequate speech, concerns
about the association between weight gain, waist circumference and risperidone require a
need for evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio in its use. There was a significant association between
weight gain, waist circumference and risperidone. In conclusion, it was possible to suggest the efficacy
of risperidone for the treatment of lethargy and inadequate speech. Finally, we emphasize that
the risk-benefit in its use should be evaluated (Protocol number CRD42019122316).
Crise hegemônica, ascensão da extrema direita e paralelismo político
Authors: Porto Mauro , Neves Daniela , Lima Bárbara
Published: May 2020

O artigo analisa a cobertura noticiosa dos dois principais candidatos (Jair Bolsonaro e Fernando Haddad) pelas duas maiores redes de televisão (Globo e Record) durante as eleições presidenciais brasileiras de 2018. O estudo está baseado na análise de conteúdo de 27 edições do Jornal Nacional e do Jornal da Record, no primeiro e no segundo turno. Parte da hipótese de que a cobertura noticiosa destas emissoras revelará uma nova forma de paralelismo político no Brasil, caracterizado pelo alinhamento mais forte entre a Record TV e a candidatura de Jair Bolsonaro. Os resultados apresentam evidências de um viés pró-Bolsonaro no Jornal da Record, ainda que as diferenças entre as duas emissoras não sejam significativas no segundo turno das eleições. Conclui que a eleição presidencial de 2018 expressa uma crise hegemônica mais profunda, caracterizada por alterações importantes no papel historicamente desempenhado pela Rede Globo na política brasileira.
Clinical Value of Computer-Assisted Taylor Three-dimensional External Fixation in the Treatment of Tibiofibular Fracture (Preprint)
Authors: Sheng Hongfeng , Xu Weixing , Xu Bin , Song Hongpu , Lu Di , Ding Weiguo , Lamberti Amy
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The retrospective study of Taylor's three-dimensional external fixator for the treatment of tibiofibular fractures provides a theoretical basis for the application of this technology. The paper collected 28 patients with tibiofibular fractures from the Department of Orthopaedics in our hospital from March 2015 to June 2018. After the treatment, the follow-up evaluation of Taylor's three-dimensional external fixator for the treatment of tibiofibular fractures and concurrency the incidence of the disease, as well as the efficacy and occurrence of the internal fixation of the treatment of tibial fractures in our hospital. The results showed that Taylor's three-dimensional external fixator was superior to orthopaedics in the treatment of tibiofibular fractures in terms of efficacy and complications. To this end, the thesis research can be concluded as follows: Taylor three-dimensional external fixation in the treatment of tibiofibular fractures is more effective, and the incidence of occurrence is low, is a new technology for the treatment of tibiofibular fractures, it is worthy of clinical promotion.
Lock-down, social distancing and mental health during the covid-19 pandemic: perspectives, challenges, and opportunities in African settings: A Case of Democratic Republic of Congo (Preprint)
Authors: Vivalya Mutume , BEN FORRY Jimmy , AKEEM AYODEJI Okesina , Nzanzu Adelard Kalima , Mwalitsa Jean-Paul Paluku , Kirimuhuzya Claude , Apalata Teke , KAPUTU-KALALA-MALU Célestin , ASHABA Scholastic
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the resolution of a total lockdown both developed and developing countries. The lock-down has worsened the prevailing economic crisis, affected the health and political system, exacerbated unemployment levels and cost of managing health conditions in African settings and especially the Democratic Republic of Congo; which tends to have detrimental effects on the mental health of the affected population. Also, it is extremely expensive to access professional health care services. We ought to provide insight into policy-relevant approaches including integrative community based organization, digital heath, systematic screening of mental health problems in primary health care, given that failure to treat those who are emotionally affected will result in long-term social and economic outcomes and costs to society. The primary health workers should be trained on mental health care delivered through the internet and digital support. Helping affected community by COVID-19 to feel mentally better will require the integration of online telehealth among primary health care for the online mental health screening and psychotherapy centred on a supportive therapy strategy, anger/stress management, and the establishing of integrative community based organisation. Any partners during the COVID-19 should plan for the workshop on online mental health services and training to allow its integration and the reportage from patient’s home to the health centres and hospitals.
Low Serum Bicarbonate and CKD Progression in Children
Authors: Brown Denver D. , Roem Jennifer , Ng Derek K. , Reidy Kimberly J. , Kumar Juhi , Abramowitz Matthew K. , Mak Robert H. , Furth Susan L. , Schwartz George J. , Warady Bradley A. , Kaskel Frederick J. , Melamed Michal L.
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives

Studies of adults have demonstrated an association between metabolic acidosis, as measured by low serum bicarbonate levels, and CKD progression. We evaluated this relationship in children using data from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The relationship between serum bicarbonate and a composite end point, defined as 50% decline in eGFR or KRT, was described using parametric and semiparametric survival methods. Analyses were stratified by underlying nonglomerular and glomerular diagnoses, and adjusted for demographic characteristics, eGFR, proteinuria, anemia, phosphate, hypertension, and alkali therapy.

Results

Six hundred and three participants with nonglomerular disease contributed 2673 person-years of follow-up, and 255 with a glomerular diagnosis contributed 808 person-years of follow-up. At baseline, 39% (237 of 603) of participants with nonglomerular disease had a bicarbonate level of ≤22 meq/L and 36% (85 of 237) of those participants reported alkali therapy treatment. In participants with glomerular disease, 31% (79 of 255) had a bicarbonate of ≤22 meq/L, 18% (14 of 79) of those participants reported alkali therapy treatment. In adjusted longitudinal analyses, compared with participants with a bicarbonate level >22 meq/L, hazard ratios associated with a bicarbonate level of <18 meq/L and 19–22 meq/L were 1.28 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.84 to 1.94] and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.26), respectively, in children with nonglomerular disease. In children with glomerular disease, adjusted hazard ratios associated with bicarbonate level ≤18 meq/L and bicarbonate 19–22 meq/L were 2.16 (95% CI, 1.05 to 4.44) and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.07 to 2.85), respectively. Resolution of low bicarbonate was associated with a lower risk of CKD progression compared with persistently low bicarbonate (≤22 meq/L).

Conclusions

In children with glomerular disease, low bicarbonate was linked to a higher risk of CKD progression. Resolution of low bicarbonate was associated with a lower risk of CKD progression. Fewer than one half of all children with low bicarbonate reported treatment with alkali therapy. Long-term studies of alkali therapy’s effect in patients with pediatric CKD are needed.
Experiências da extensão universitária para a cultura e a formação cidadã
Authors: Gonçalves Carmen Regina Abreu , Lübeck Elisa
Published: May 2020

A Universidade deve ter o compromisso de formar cidadãos críticos, pois a sociedade precisa bem mais do que profissionais competentes e produtivos. O objetivo desse texto é apresentar as ações desenvolvidas em dois projetos de extensão, vinculados ao Curso de Relações Públicas, da Universidade Federal do Pampa. Através dos projetos, planejados e executados, os discentes, além do conhecimento teórico e prático, tiveram a possibilidade de exercitar, dentre outros, a cidadania e o compromisso social. Ao realizar atividades como essas os discentes conseguem compreender a relevância social da universidade. Os projetos oportunizaram o acesso à cultura e a arte e, também, permitiram a aproximação e a integração da Unipampa com a comunidade do município na qual está inserida.
Por carreteras secundárias: reflexões sobre o reporterismo a partir da narrativa de Bru Rovira sobre a cotidianidade dos anônimos
Authors: Ventura Mauro de Souza , Abib Tayane Aidar
Published: May 2020

Este artigo investiga a reportagem enquanto método jornalístico por excelência, para além de gênero possível ao exercício profissional. Discute, neste sentido, os três procedimentos característicos à dinâmica do reporterismo – observação atenta, entrevista dialogal e experiência-vivência (VARGAS, 2017), desde um prisma de intersubjetividade, tomando a narrativa de Bru Rovira como caso exemplar para a reflexão. A partir de uma análise interpretativa de sua obra Solo pido un poco de belleza (2016), que recompila registros sobre o cotidiano de personagens anônimos de Barcelona, evidencia em sua predileção noticiosa por temas secundários à cobertura hegemônica um terreno fértil para tessituras autorais, que colocam em relevo a trama comum e coletiva, em suas histórias de vida singulares.
Control proporcional integral generalizado (GPI) para el lazo de corriente de un convertidor AC-DC Boost Bridgeless
Authors: Regino-Ubarnes Fernando Jesús , Modesto-Ochoa Edgar , Vergel-Romero Andrea Lorena
Published: May 2020

Este documento describe el modelamiento de un convertidor AC-DC y el diseño de una técnica de Control Proporcional Integral Generalizado (GPI). El diseño de dicha técnica se da en el contexto del rechazo activo de perturbaciones (ADRC), en el cual se muestra que las técnicas de control GPI son capaces de rechazar las perturbaciones de carácter endógeno y exógeno de la planta,  lo que lleva a un error de seguimiento acotado y dicha cota puede hacerse tan pequeña como se quiera al alejar las raíces del eje imaginario.
La responsabilidad social empresarial prescinde de los beneficios tributarios Colombianos
Authors: Lemus-Quintero Jennifer Andrea , Carrascal-Delgado Fabián Alfredo
Published: May 2020

El siguiente artículo tiene como objetivo enfatizar el concepto de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, desde fundamentos como la responsabilidad, la ética y el desarrollo sostenible, y demostrar la incoherente relación que ha establecido el contribuyente del impuesto sobre la renta, de naturaleza jurídica, entre sus prácticas y los beneficios tributarios en Colombia. Ningún beneficio tributario tiene incidencia en la adopción y  aplicación de la responsabilidad social empresarial, el solo hecho de estar reglamentado  la contradice totalmente en su naturaleza. Establecer relaciones entre la responsabilidad social empresarial y beneficios tributarios hace que la empresa permanezca detrás de beneficios en su carga tributaria siendo cada vez más propensos a crear una dependencia económica, social y ambiental insostenible. La revisión del tema es de tipo cualitativo y descriptivo,  el método utilizado es el deductivo.
Flexibilidad curricular: revisión de expectativas en el programa de administración de empresas en la UFPSO
Authors: Trigos-Rodríguez Monica , Contreras-Suarez Sugeidy , Ropero-Gaona Carlos Augusto , Hormaza-Fajardo Oscar Orlando
Published: May 2020

El estudio de la flexibilidad curricular desde la óptica de la investigación se entiende como la opción de ofrecer a los estudiantes la posibilidad de elegir dónde, cómo, cuándo, qué, y con quién participan en las actividades de aprendizaje en su instancia en una institución de educación superior. Se plantean equivalencias para la flexibilidad curricular del programa de administración de empresas de la universidad Francisco de paula Santander Ocaña frente a los programas a fines con otras universidades nacionales.
Toma de decisiones, en las empresas de transporte urbano. Una revisión del tema
Authors: Vergel Pérez José de la Rosa , Arévalo Ascanio José Gregorio , Suárez Castrillón Sir Alexci
Published: May 2020

La toma de decisiones, es concebida como una acción gerencial de alto impacto frente a la estabilidad de las organizaciones en el tiempo; frente esta postura se logra identificar un uso especial, principalmente en las empresas del transporte urbano. El propósito de este artículo es efectuar un análisis previo del tema en mención, como fundamento para el desarrollo de la investigación denominada “Aproximación al proceso de toma de decisiones, en los gerentes de las empresas de transporte urbano de pasajeros en Ocaña Norte de Santander”. El documento se divide fundamentalmente en tres partes. En la primera, se sintetizan ciertos postulados teóricos que relacionan la toma de decisiones y el transporte. En la segunda se revisan algunos elementos del proceso de la toma de decisiones. Y por último se analiza la incidencia del componente sociológico y psicológico en la toma de decisiones. Con los cuales se espera dar una mirada particular al concepto.
Análisis de la obra musical seleccionada de cuatro compositores Ocañeros
Authors: Peñaranda-Franco Juan Pablo , Navarro-Claro José Alejandro
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo presenta el análisis realizado a las obras musicales seleccionadas de los compositores ocañeros homenajeados en el catálogo musical “Ocaña: legado de música, letras y pasiones”, el cual fue producto de la ejecución del proyecto “Compilación, análisis, clasificación y estudio de la obra musical de 4 compositores de Ocaña y la provincia; y elaboración de su catálogo musical”, con el objeto de rescatar la identidad musical y evitar la pérdida de la memoria cultural y musical de la región en peligro de desaparecer. El proyecto investigativo es de tipo cualitativo y el objeto de estudio fue la obra musical de los autores Rafael Contreras Navarro, Carlos Julio Melo Paredes, Carmen Noel Paba y Carlos Guillermo Lemus Sepúlveda. Como resultado del mismo, se realizó un análisis musical de las 2 obras de cada compositor que fueron seleccionadas, arregladas y producidas musicalmente en diferentes formatos instrumentales para el disco del catálogo. De este análisis se evidencia que en cada uno de ellos se siguen en términos generales los criterios de composición de la época reflejado en las métricas, los ritmos, los tonos, etc.
Geogebra para el fortalecimiento del pensamiento espacial en Cálculo Diferencial
Authors: Carrascal-Carrascal Henry , Chaves-Peña Jorge Ernesto , Cabellos-Martínez Malka Irina
Published: May 2020

Evidenciadas las debilidades en el proceso de aprendizaje del cálculo diferencial en los estudiantes de Ingeniería en la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, se buscó organizar un grupo de docentes y estudiantes en una Comunidad de Aprendizaje y un Club de Matemáticas, para el uso de software de aplicación que permitiera el fortalecimiento de la percepción y el pensamiento gráfico, elementos claves para la concepción espacial del entorno. La investigación tuvo un carácter cualitativo pues buscó determinar el nivel de pensamiento espacial de los estudiantes de la línea de cálculo de los programas de ingeniería, y, cuantitativo pues buscó medir el uso de software de aplicación. Concluido el proyecto se observó que los estudiantes mejoraron en la representación gráfica de funciones bidimensionales, a partir de la utilización de Geogebra, pudiendo resolver ejercicios en menos tiempo, además de visualizarlos gráficamente. También les resultó más fácil despejar sus dudas en relación con cualquier tema de cálculo diferencial que se presentaron en el contenido programático de esta área. Lo anterior permitió concluir que el pensamiento espacial de los estudiantes les habilita la capacidad para orientarse en el espacio y lograr resolver los ejercicios que se les presentan en el aula de clase.
Catering theory and dividend policy: A study of MENA region
Authors: Bilel Hadfi , Mondher Kouki
Published: May 2020

According to the catering theory of dividends, a company decides to distribute its dividends according to investor demand related by a dividend premium that results in this request. This study focuses on the impact of the catering theory of dividends of the 600 MENA companies in the financial industry listed in different stock exchanges of Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait during the period 2004-2010. The study employs an event study methodology in examining the effect of investor demand for dividends on the managers’ decision to distribute and change the amount of dividends. Research result indicates that companies pay dividends when demand is strong, i.e. when investors value companies that pay in a “depressed” or “bearish” market environment. Furthermore, catering persists even after controlling for the effect of some variables like tax and risk. The results confirm that the decision to change the amount of the payments depends on investor demand and the market premium resulting from the payment of dividends. Even though the result is not strong, it can be the evidence supporting the catering theory of dividend, not only in well-developed markets but also in emerging markets characterized with civil law characterized by low governance index and investor protection such as our MENA zone countries.
Corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions
Authors: Istrefi Vjollca
Published: May 2020

The most recent and severe financial crisis followed by the failure of the most important financial players in the world economy has raised doubts about the way the government system works. This has been crucial to understanding the significance of good corporate governance practices, able to sustain the current blockage in the most vital financial negotiations. Therefore, interest in corporate governance has grown and attracted considerable attention in both developed and less-developed countries (Mallin, 2004; Solomon & Solomon, 2004; Sternberg, 2004). Hence, the study is based on a theoretical approach, and confronts the traditional and Islamic corporate governance, analyzing the essential differences that have highlighted the necessity of finding an alternative model to the traditional one. Comparing the two models of corporate governance, in their authentic form, it easily gives rise to discrepancies. The most important divergence between the two models derived from the fact that in the Islamic model the corporate governance practice is based on the religious principles and God and Islam are the main participants in it. This is in contrast to the conventional philosophy that focuses on the material aspects and the main objective is to create and increase shareholders’ value throughout the time.
Ruptures of trachea and bronchi diagnosed by virtual bronchoscopy with multidetector computed tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy - advantages and shortcomings of methods
Authors: Mitev Mitko , Obretenov Evelin
Published: May 2020

Introduction/Objective. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy often is too aggressive, which requires the use of other noninvasive diagnostic methods. The study presents research results on the diagnostic capabilities of virtual bronchoscopy with multidetector computed tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in traumatic abnormalities of trachea and main bronchi. Methods. A total of 21 patients (six males and 15 females) at the ages of 11?82 years (50.65 ? 19.8) were studied by the methods of virtual bronchoscopy with multidetector computed tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The diagnostic capabilities of virtual bronchoscopy as compared to fiberoptic bronchoscopy were assessed by established criteria. Results. Ruptures of the trachea and/or bronchi were proven by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 21 patients and by virtual bronchoscopy in 19 patients. The greatest frequency was reported for the post-intubation ruptures (15 patients, 71.42% with virtual bronchoscopy; 16 patients, 76.19% with fiberoptic bronchoscopy), followed by post-traumatic ruptures (three patients, 14.29%); ruptures of trachea and the left lower lobar bronchus as a result of an advanced neoplasm of the esophagus (one patient, 4.76%), diagnosed by both methods; mucosal erosion after instrumental manipulations (4.76%, after fiberoptic bronchoscopy). Conclusion. Achieved diagnostic accuracy in ruptures of trachea and bronchi by virtual bronchoscopy is 90.47% and by fiberoptic bronchoscopy it is 100%. In terms of localization, shape and size, almost complete correspondence of changes with those of fiberoptic bronchoscopy was found. The presence of abundant secretion in virtual bronchoscopy may be interpreted incorrectly and efficiency of virtual bronchoscopy decreases.
Current echocardiography practice in Serbia - a national survey by the Echocardiographic Society of Serbia
Authors: Stefanovic Maja , Krljanac Gordana , Mladenovic Zorica , Trifunovic-Zamaklar Danijela , Neskovic Aleksandar , Stankovic Ivan
Published: May 2020

Introduction/Objective. The purpose of the Echocardiographic Society of Serbia (ECHOS) national survey was to assess current echocardiography practice in Serbia, the availability of different echocardiographic techniques and self-perceived need for improvement at personal and institutional level. Methods. A survey comprising 20 questions about demographics, numbers and distribution of echocardiographic equipment and techniques, image acquisition and reporting standards as well as future educational preferences was sent to all ECHOS members via email. Results. A total of 106 members (42%) answered the survey. Echocardiographic examinations are most frequently performed by cardiologists and internal medicine specialists. Transesophageal echocardiography (TOE), stress echocardiography (SECHO) and speckle tracking echocardiography (SpTE) are available in approximately 20% of centers, three-dimensional echocardiography in 11%, while contrast echocardiography is practiced in only two centers. Less than a third of respondents always attach electrocardiographic electrodes and archive examinations. Almost all respondents (96%), always evaluate both systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle (LV), although systolic LV function is frequently assessed (55%) using non-standard methods. The newer echocardiographic machines are more often available at university than non-university centers (87 versus 44%, p < 0.01). SECHO was perceived as the most needed technique at the institutional level, while SpTE and TOE were most often reported personal aspirations of the respondents. Conclusion. Advanced techniques, SECHO and TOE are needed but rarely performed outside the university hospitals in Serbia. In order to achieve a better adherence to standards of practice in echocardiography, the development of national guidelines and personal and laboratory accreditation seem warranted.
Emotional attachment in partner relationships as a predictor of depression
Authors: Simonji-Cernak Ruzenka , Micanovic-Cvejic Zivka
Published: May 2020

According to the theory of emotional attachment, specific emotional
relationships are established at an early age between the child and its
parents. The working model shapes the quality of adult relationships. Within
the indicated theoretical context, it was hypothesized that we could find
three early attachment styles and that these have a significant effect on
attachment styles in close partner relationships. It was also hypothesized
that depression has a statistically significant effect on attachment styles
in close partner relationships. Attachment was assessed with a number of
instruments: Close Relationship and UPIPAV. The investigation included 129
grown - ups: 64 with depressive symptomatology, and 65 healthy individuals.
The assumption is confirmed about three styles of affective attachments.
Findings showed significant main effect of early attachment styles, but no
depression; interaction between depression and early attachment styles is
not significant. It is also confirmed that the interaction between affective
attachment styles and depression is not statistically significant.
Soil organic carbon fractions in different land use systems of Chernozem soil
Authors: Seremesic Srdjan , Nesic Ljiljana , Ciric Vladimir , Vasin Jovica , Djalovic Ivica , Marinkovic Jelena , Vojnov Bojan
Published: May 2020

The relationship between soil carbon fractions in Chernozem soils was
assessed in soil samples of three different environments: arable soil,
grassland and oak for?est. Grassland and oak forest had higher soil organic
carbon (SOC), carbon soluble in hot water (HWC), particulate organic carbon
(POC) and mineral-associated carbon (MOC) than the arable soil. The POC/MOC
ratio was lowest in arable soil, indicating a smaller carbon pool for
microbial turnover. POC increases with higher total SOC, indicating that the
pres?ervation of organic matter depends on the renewal of labile fractions.
Our results showed that fertilization had active role in soil carbon
stabilization, while crop rotation had less effect on a soil carbon
turnover. Our result could contribute to the better understanding of SOC
fractions composition and relevance in Chernozem soil, thus could help in
selection of cropping management systems for SOC preservation.