bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBARUAN PERATURAN EKSTRADISI DAN MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE INDONESIA DALAM PENGEMBALIAN ASET HASIL KORUPSI YANG BERADA DI LUAR NEGERI
Authors: Apriyani Maria Novita , Suharto Miko Aditiya , Waluyo Waluyo
Published: September 2023

Pengembalian Aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi yang dilarikan ke luar negeri berbanding terbalik dengan aset yang berhasil dikembalikan ke Indonesia. UU Ekstradisi Indonesia dan UU Bantuan Hukum Timbal Balik Dalam Masalah Pidana milik Indonesia belum dapat dilaksanakan secara maksimal sehingga perlu adanya solusi permasalahan Ekstradisi dan MLA yang dihadapi Indonesia. Jenis artikel ilmiah ini termasuk kategori socio-legal research. Pendekatan penelitian yang diterapkan dalam penulisan artikel ilmiah ini menggunakan statute approach, conceptual approach dan case approach yang sesuai dengan topik permasalahan. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penulisan ini adalah studi lapang mengambil data melalui interview ke Direktorat Otoritas Pusat dan Hukum Internasional, Kementerian Hukum dan HAM.
Don’t Be Afraid to Change: Work Environment and Workload Affects Cyberloafing Behavior
Authors: Aulia Irfan Noviandy , Karyatun Subur , Hidayat Rafi Ramadhan , Soelton Mochamad
Published: September 2023

Internet technology can have a positive impact on companies in helping the effectiveness and efficiency of company operations, such as faster information delivery, more up to date receiving information, reduced production time and more efficient service delivery. This study aims to analyze the work environment and workload on cyberloafing behavior and employee performance at the Tangerang I State Property and Auction Service Office. The population in this study was 30 employees. The sample used was all 30 employees, namely the saturated sample. The data collection method uses a survey method, with the research instrument being a questionnaire. The data analysis method uses Partial Least Square. The analysis used in this research is quantitative analysis using data collection methods through questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used as an analysis method and Smart PLS is used as an analysis tool. Findings: The work environment has a positive and significant effect on Employee performance, workload has a negative and significant effect on employee performance. The work environment and workload have a positive and significant effect on Cyberloafing. Meanwhile, cyberloafing has a negative and significant effect on employee performance.
Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
Authors: Li Guilong , Cai Jiaying , Xie Jianjun , Dai Yizhi
Published: September 2023

The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been strongly correlated with cancer progression in various tumor types. However, the specific mechanisms underlying ECM-associated tumor behaviors remain unclear. In this study, we found an enriched distribution of fibrin in tumor tissues obtained from high-grade non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. For further investigation, we established an in vitro 3D culture system using fibrin gel and found that NSCLC cells grown in this system exhibited increased stemness and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that fibrin facilitated the activation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway through integrin β1. Furthermore, we found that blocking integrin β1 signals enhanced the tumor suppressive effects of chemotherapy, providing a novel approach for clinical therapy for NSCLC.
Evaluation of second trimester plasma lipoxin A4, VEGFR-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kiran Tugba Raika , Melekoglu Rauf , Otlu Onder , Inceoglu Feyza , Karabulut Ercan , Erenler Ayse Sebnem
Published: September 2023

In this study, our objective was to explore the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and second trimester maternal plasma levels of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), along with proinflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and the anti-angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) in pregnant women. The study included a cohort of 30 pregnant women with GDM and a control group of 30 normoglycaemic pregnant women matched for age, body mass index, and gestational age. Plasma samples were collected and analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess specific biomarkers. The GDM group had significantly lower levels of LXA4 and higher levels of TNF-α and VEGFR-1 compared to the control group (p = 0.038, p = 0.025, and p = 0.002, respectively). A statistically significant decrease in the LXA4/TNF-α ratio was observed in the GDM group (p = 0.004). The results suggest that each unit decrease in the LXA4/TNF-α ratio is associated with a 1.280-fold increase in the risk of GDM. These findings suggest a potential diagnostic role for the LXA4/TNFα ratio as a marker for women with GDM. This work provides new insights into the pathogenesis of GDM and highlights the important interplay between inflammation and metabolic dysregulation.
Beyond learning opportunities: focused encounters in a sociocognitive approach to second language acquisition and teaching
Authors: Atkinson Dwight , Burhan-Horasanlı Elif , Sagre Barboza Anamaría , Mejía-Laguna Jorge Andres , Oguilve Verónica , Ribeiro Amable Daiane Custodio
Published: September 2023

This paper introduces the sociological concept of focused encounters (FEs) as a tool for researching interaction in second language acquisition and teaching. FEs are face-to-face interactions affording joint attention, intersubjectivity, interaffectivity, and interactional alignment, considered key contributors to learning in some SLA/T approaches. First, we introduce the FE concept. Second, we situate FEs within a sociocognitive approach to SLA/T. Third, we apply the FE concept in investigating interaction in an Australian English as a second language classroom. Fourth and finally, we discuss our analysis’s wider implications for learning and teaching: Studying interaction in FEs from a sociocognitive perspective enables investigation not just of language learning opportunities but of moment-by-moment learning processes.
Tax Policy Implemented in Mongolia by the Manchus
Authors: Dorjpalam Oyuntsetseg , Selenge Tuul , Gotov Otgonsuren
Published: September 2023

After the new Manchuria state established in 1916 annexed China, Khalkh carried out a policy of conquering Mongolia from 1644 to 1691, conquering Upper Mongolia in 1691 and Western Mongolia in 1755. During the time when the Manchus kept the Mongols under their oppression from the XYII-early XX century, they collected more than 20 types of services and tributes from the Mongols, in addition to imposing the Nine White Service, they collected the necessary expenses for the Manchurian administration and temples, and sent Mongolian citizens to horse stations, expenses, and communication offices. The office was closed. During the period under Manchurian oppression, the economy and livelihood of the Mongols became unbearable, so they were able to gain independence in 1911 through a rebellion and struggle.
The crystal structure of 5-chloro-6′-methyl-3-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-[2,3′-bipyridin]-1′-ium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
Authors: Fang Yu , Zhang Cheng , Yin Meng-Qing , Yang Xiao-Die , Ma Wen-Jing
Published: September 2023

C18H16ClN2O2S·C7H7O3S, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 36.911(9) Å, b = 9.931(2) Å, c = 14.795(3) Å, β = 112.32(3)°, V = 5017(2) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0500, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1447, T = 293 K.
Influence of surfactant concentration on selected quality parameters of fruit washing agents
Authors: Hordyjewicz-Baran Zofia , Wasilewski Tomasz , Zarębska Magdalena , Seweryn Artur
Published: September 2023

In this study, special types of washing agents, intended for fruit washing were developed. Fruit washing agents with different contents of non-ionic surfactants have been prepared. The developed products were characterized in terms of performance with regard to their ability to remove pesticide residues from fruit surfaces. Special attention was paid to the safety of use in relation to the level of skin irritation during washing. The results provided important information on the effect of surfactant concentration on selected quality parameters of the developed fruit washing agents.
Avaliação e execução do Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI) (Seminários Internos de Avaliação e Relatórios de Gestão) 2015-2021
Authors: Clara Correa Henning Ana , Leoneti Lencina Claiton , Pereira da Silva Carvalho Joice , Ávila Pereira Chollet Rosana
Published: September 2023

A avaliação das ações executadas a partir do nosso Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional, aqui apresentada, apenas se tornou possível pela co-produção de muitas vozes, com a participação de pró-reitorias e setores responsáveis pela execução do PDI, em seminários desenvolvidos durante o primeiro semestre de 2021 e organizados pelo Núcleo para o Desenvolvimento Universitário (NDU) da Coordenação de Desenvolvimento Institucional Participativo (CDIP), da Pró-Reitoria de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento (PROPLAN). Além disso, houve complementação das informações através dos dados dos Relatórios de Gestão dos anos 2015 a 2020. Aqui, portanto, tu podes encontrar os resultados do trabalho realizado durante a vigência do atual PDI, recolhidos nesses seminários, em duas versões: o relatório completo, mais robusto e detalhado e a Revista do PDI, de forma mais imagética e objetiva.
Pesquisas em balé no Brasil: pedagogias, visibilidades negras e repertórios
Authors: Campos da Motta Santos Eleonora , Ferreira Rousejanny
Published: September 2023

As vozes caladas pela hegemonia dos teóricos europeus e estadunidenses – “especialistas” ocidentais tradicionalistas, defensores das práticas coloniais de “civilizar” por meio da “arte universalista” “erudita” – soam e ressoam nas páginas deste projeto editorial, organizado por Eleonora Campos da Motta Santos e Rousejanny da Silva Ferreira: um grito, um despertar para uma consciência sobre o silenciamento de quem de fato foi a base da ascensão e permanência do balé. Falar pela perspectiva pedagógica sobre as visibilidades Negras e sobre a ação de questionar, revisitar e compreender o conceito de repertório foi o veículo para se iniciar o potente brado que leva ao entendimento mais profundo e real sobre o balé. Logo de início, o primeiro núcleo temático nos traz a discussão sobre o lugar do balé como prática educacional, suas possibilidades nesta área. Na práxis, o sucateamento da formação educacional pública e a transformação da educação privada em empresa resultam em um pensar e fazer acrítico que vitima particularmente as disciplinas artísticas e esportivas. Nesse sentido, a autora do texto de abertura sobre as pedagogias da infância, Thaís Castilho, abre as possibilidades de intersecção, analisando a situação do balé como atividade educativa para as crianças dialogando com a teoria do filósofo soviético Mikhail Bakhtin, apresentando ao leitor os problemas de preparo e formação dos professores. Além disso, salienta as possibilidades de se utilizar o trabalho de teóricos que abordam as potências da comunicação, linguagens e educação artística, caso essas sejam seriamente estudadas e incorporadas ao ensino. Continuando a abordagem pedagógica, Fernanda de Souza Almeida aprofunda as questões no âmbito da relação entre docente e a percepção ou conhecimento sobre a infância, discutindo a falta de entendimento dos(as) professores(as) acerca do amplo conceito de ludicidade e sobre a ausência de compreensão da própria realidade mercadológica e mecanicista em que o ensino de balé está imerso no século XXI. Em seguida, a autora Cinthia Andrade trabalha a urgência em se aplicar a interdisciplinaridade no ensino de balé, sobretudo por meio dos repertórios, complementando a abordagem de metodologias e intersecções como caminhos para o ensino do balé.
PRMT inhibitor promotes SMN2 exon 7 inclusion and synergizes with nusinersen to rescue SMA mice
Authors: Kordala Anna J , Stoodley Jessica , Ahlskog Nina , Hanifi Muhammad , Garcia Guerra Antonio , Bhomra Amarjit , Lim Wooi Fang , Murray Lyndsay M , Talbot Kevin , Hammond Suzan M , Wood Matthew JA , Rinaldi Carlo
Published: September 2023

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a leading genetic cause of infant mortality. The advent of approved treatments for this devastating condition has significantly changed SMA patients' life expectancy and quality of life. Nevertheless, these are not without limitations, and research efforts are underway to develop new approaches for improved and long‐lasting benefits for patients. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are emerging as druggable epigenetic targets, with several small‐molecule PRMT inhibitors already in clinical trials. From a screen of epigenetic molecules, we have identified MS023, a potent and selective type I PRMT inhibitor able to promote SMN2 exon 7 inclusion in preclinical SMA models. Treatment of SMA mice with MS023 results in amelioration of the disease phenotype, with strong synergistic amplification of the positive effect when delivered in combination with the antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis revealed that MS023 treatment has minimal off‐target effects, and the added benefit is mainly due to targeting neuroinflammation. Our study warrants further clinical investigation of PRMT inhibition both as a stand‐alone and add‐on therapy for SMA.
The Phase Еquilibrium in the HgS–Ga2S3–Bi(Sb)2S3 Systems
Authors: Smitiukh O.V. , Petrus’ I.I.
Published: September 2023

Phase equilibria in the quasi-ternary systems HgS–Ga2S3–Bi(Sb)2S3  were studied by physico-chemical analysis methods on 177 alloys that were synthesized by direct single-temperature method. Phase diagrams of the quasi-binary systems HgS–Bi2S3 and Ga2S3–Bi2S3, six vertical sections (HgGa2S4–HgBi2S4, HgGa2S4–Bi2S3, HgGa6S10–Bi2S3, HgGa6S10–HgBi2S4, HgGa2S4–Sb2S3, and HgS–“GaSbS3”), and liquidus surface projections were investigated. Due to large primary crystallization region of mercury thiogallate, particularly at the HgGa2S4–Bi2S3 and HgGa2S4–HgBi2S4 sections, and low temperature (950-1050 K), the growth of single crystals of mercury thiogallate is possible using solution-melt method.
Effect of B2O3 addition on optical properties of Zirconium and Hafnium tetrafluorides in polycrystalline and thin film states
Authors: Zinchenko V.F. , Volchak G.V. , Mozkova O.V. , Yeriomin O.H. , Doha P.H.
Published: September 2023

For the first time, the effect of B2O3 additive on the IR transmission spectra of ZrF4 and HfF4 samples and the optical properties of the coatings obtained from them was investigated. A significant difference in the shape of the absorption bands and the position of the vibration peaks of the Zirconium tetrafluoride and Hafnium tetrafluoride bonds was revealed. An assumption is made about the influence of ZrF4 polymorphism on the ratio of the vapor pressures of the specified compounds in the region of the conditional temperature of evaporation in a deep vacuum. The positive effect of the B2O3 additive on the rate of evaporation of system samples and condensation on substrates is shown. The values of the refractive indices of the coatings are about 1.53. An exception is the refractive index of the HfF4 coating (1.57), which can be attributed to the alternative (monoclinic) syngony of its crystal structure.
Digitalización de los Centros Educativos y Uso de Teléfonos Móviles en el Aula. Análisis del Caso Español
Authors: Rivera-Vargas Pablo , Mateu-Luján Borja , Rappoport Soledad , Gamboa Yeny
Published: September 2023

Ante la pandemia del Covid-19, múltiples contextos educativos experimentaron una repentina y acelerada transformación digital. Pero este impulso no es nuevo. Desde hace años en España se vienen diseñando y experimentando iniciativas públicas y privadas en esta dirección. En este sentido, el rol y uso que se hace de los teléfonos móviles en las aulas ha sido un aspecto clave y controvertido. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido analizar la complejidad de la transformación digital de los centros a partir del uso extensivo, universal y controvertido de los teléfonos móviles por parte del alumnado de educación secundaria. Desde la ejecución de una investigación cualitativa, se realizaron nueve entrevistas activas a actores relevantes del ámbito de la tecnología educativa en España. Con las evidencias, se llevó a cabo un análisis de discurso donde, a partir de la búsqueda de consensos y acuerdos, se agruparon las manifestaciones de los participantes en cuatro categorías. Como resultado, se afirma que para consolidar la digitalización de los centros educativos y promover un uso adecuado de los teléfonos móviles en el aula, es importante: contar con elementos técnicos e infraestructura apropiada; regulaciones educativas adecuadas; fortalecer el rol de la escuela; y construir nuevos modelos pedagógicos.
Luces y Sombras del Proceso de Acreditación a Catedrático de Universidad: El Caso de las Áreas de Educación (2018-2022)
Authors: Ruiz-Corbella Marta , Arteaga-Martínez Blanca , López-Gómez Ernesto , Galán Arturo
Published: September 2023

En las últimas décadas, los procesos de selección y promoción del profesorado universitario han focalizado el peso de la evaluación en la acumulación de artículos de investigación en revistas de impacto en WoS y Scopus a través de métricas basadas en cuartiles. Este artículo explora si esta política de evaluación en España ha incentivado nuevos patrones y comportamientos de publicación por parte de los académicos. Se presenta un análisis descriptivo de algunos datos de ACADEMIA 3.0 en el periodo 2018-2022, enfocados en el cuerpo de Catedrático de Universidad en Ciencias de la Educación. Los resultados muestran la evolución del porcentaje de éxito conseguido las diferencias en función del área de conocimiento y la institución universitaria, entre otros análisis. Uno de los hallazgos principales es la fuerte tendencia a publicar artículos en revistas alejadas del campo específico de la investigación educativa, editadas por grupos editoriales como MDPI y posicionadas en los primeros cuartiles de WoS y Scopus, que facilitan una rápida revisión y publicación en acceso abierto. Finalmente, el artículo señala las limitaciones metodológicas del estudio debido a la disponibilidad de datos y recomienda realizar nuevos estudios que puedan ayudar a mejorar el actual sistema de evaluación del profesorado universitario en España.
A Global Analysis of Universities Performance in the World Higher Education Institution Rankings
Authors: Escandon-Barbosa Diana , Salas-Paramo Jairo
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine the factors that influence the performance of universities on a global scale. A learning curve method assesses the relationship between research, teaching, faculty, and student recognition and its impact on academic performance in all countries. The information used in the study comes from the three most essential rankings of universities worldwide, such as Times Higher Education, QS World University Rankings, and Academic Ranking of World Universities, from 2011 to 2022. As a central aspect of the study, it is essential to highlight that it is through the comparative analysis that the learning curves allow it to identify associations between the study variables on a global scale. In this way, it is possible to analyze the most significant effects on academic performance compared to other factors. On the other hand, it was also found that the results related to student acknowledgment are established as a distinctive factor, particularly among universities in the highest ranks. However, the general results tend to be more homogeneous as the ranking descends. Finally, academic performance is vital for any university institution that can serve as a platform for its strategic initiatives.
Use Of Mining Tailings in The Manufacture of Ecological Bricks to Encourage the Construction of Sustainable Housing
Authors: Chavarry-Vallejos Carlos Magno , Gutiérrez Andrés Avelino Valencia , Oré Carlos Bancayán , Reyes Liliana Janet Chavarría , Rodríguez Joaquín Samuel Tamara , Hora Ítalo Andrés Diaz , Salardi Enriqueta Pereyra , Serrano Jackeline Escobar
Published: September 2023

This work aimed to manufacture ecological bricks using mining tailings, by-products of mining activity, to contribute to sustainable housing development. The Peruvian technical standards E.060 and E.070 are used as a reference framework to achieve this. The study focuses on various aspects, such as mineralogical analysis, particle size distribution, plasticization, workability, and rheology. The research methodology adopted is deductive, with an applied and quantitative approach. A retrolective data collection instrument and descriptive, explanatory, correlational, and descriptive level approaches are used. The results obtained from this research reveal significant findings. It was observed that including 20% of an alkaline binder based on calcined clay improves the development of bricks in areas with severe climatic conditions. In addition, incorporating lime fibers reduces thermal conductivity and increases bricks' compressive and bending strength. Blocks containing 30% clay cork reinforce the bricks' bulk density, thermal conductivity, and strength. On the other hand, it was verified that tailings with lead-zinc sulfide, reduced by 47%, comply with the carbonization and contraction coefficient. Shale, fly ash, and cement tailings achieved a compressive strength of 26 MPa and a water absorption rate of 14.32%. The addition of steel filings by 3% improves compressive strength. Likewise, incorporating plastic waste increases the compressive strength to reach 37.5 MPa. As for geopolymers, it was observed that viscosity recovery is in a range between 65% and 82%. Finally, recycled aggregates, with a maximum nominal size of 3/8" and 1/4", meet the standard requirements, providing a compressive strength of up to 8 MPa. Finally, this study demonstrates the potential of using mining tailings and other recycled materials to manufacture ecological bricks for sustainable housing development in mining communities, offering viable solutions from an environmental and construction point of view.
Zu den Sprechpositionen in den früheren lyrischen Texten von Marie Therese von Artner
Authors: Puchalová Ingrid
Published: September 2023

Maria Therese von Artner, born in 1772, is one of the almost forgotten German authors born in what is now Slovakia, which at the time was Upper Hungary. She was interested in various aspects of the social and political upheavals in the Habsburg Monarchy and in Europe around 1800, especially the everyday reality of women’s lives. Against the background of contemporary socio-historical conditions, this study examines the self-image of the author, who lived and worked on the periphery of cultural centres and whose writing was determined by her personal artistic ambitions and the literary trends of the time.
Prometheische Herrscherfiguren. Franz Grillparzers König Ottokar und Kaiser Mathias
Authors: Urbanec Miroslav
Published: September 2023

Franz Grillparzer’s dramas ‘König Ottokars Glück und Ende’ and ‘Ein Bruderzwist in Habsburg’ feature two ruler figures who exhibit Promethean traits. These are King Ottokar and Archduke Mathias. The study investigates the Promethean nature of these figures by relating them to the figure of Prometheus, which appears in the texts of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Investigations on bovine herpesvirus 4 infections in cattle in Bulgaria
Authors: Peshev R.
Published: September 2023

Cattle infected with BHV 4 show respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal and postnatal genital disorders. The virus is a cofactor of bacterial infections. This paper reflects data on the prevalence of BHV 4 infections in several herds, among breeding animals and bulls from artificial insemination stations (AIS). One hundred and twenty six serum samples from bulls were investigated by MVNT and 45 (35.7%) were positive. Epizootiological and clinical studies on the prevalence of BHV 4 infections were limited to bovine farms with suspected infection with this virus. To establish seroconversion to the virus, double serum samples from 264 cattle – 165 native-born cows and 99 imported pregnant heifers were investigated by the microvirus neutralisation test (MVNT) and commercial ELISA for the detection of antibodies against BHV 4. Ninety-nine samples (37.5%) were positive in the MVNT and 110 samples (41.6%) – in ELISA. One out of the seven milk samples from cows with signs of mammary glands involvement was positive in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed to detect the gB and Tk virus genes. Four of the ten whole blood samples from acutely ill animals were positive for BHV 4 DNA by PCR. The results of the present study confirmed that the BHV 4 circulated within the Bulgarian cattle population.
Self-perception and self-recognition while looking in the mirror on psilocybin
Authors: Elias Sam , Spivak Stephanie , Alverez Alexa , Gili Olivares Alejandro , Ferrol Maria , Keenan Julian Paul
Published: September 2023

Introduction

It is not known how self-perception and self-recognition are influenced when one is highly self-focused under the influence of psilocybin. Here we examine self-reports of mirror self-recognition and self-perception during a psilocybin experience.

Methods

Reddit posts were examined in a systematic manner. Posts that were written by individuals that ingested psilocybin and subsequently looked in a mirror were examined. After both automatic and manual filtering, a total of 89 posts with 775 post excerpts were analyzed.

Results

It was found that it was rare to see one's own face as a different entity (e.g., an animal or other person) however people were equally likely to see themselves as they really are or distorted. People were significantly more positive than negative when perceiving their own face.

Discussion

We found wide variation in the perception of the own-face while under the influence of psilocybin. While generally positive, the self-face appears to be an experience that varies dramatically from person to person under the influence of psilocybin.
Apresentação do dossiê “Conflitos político-religiosos na Antiguidade e Medievo”
Authors: Sotocorno Ana Carolina Picoli , Rodrigues Thaís De Almeida
Published: September 2023

A Antiguidade e o Medievo abrangeram inúmeras transformaçõesno campo político-religioso. Atestamos, na longue durée desses períodosarqueológicos, a existência de diversas práticas religiosas, como tambémnumerosos conflitos.
Presentación del dossier “Los conflictos político-religiosos en la Antigüedad y la Edad Media”
Authors: Sotocorno Ana Carolina Picoli , Rodrigues, Tradução de João Batista Ribeiro Santos Thaís De Almeida
Published: September 2023

La Antigüedad y la Edad Media abarcaron numerosas transforma­ciones en el ámbito político-religioso. Atestiguamos en la longue durée de estos períodos arqueológicos la existencia de diversas prácticas religiosas, así como de numerosos conflictos.
Defeated Before the Court of Victors: Trials of Rebels During the Crisis Period of the Mongol Empire (2nd Half of the 13th C.)
Authors:   HSE University, Pochekaev Roman
Published: September 2023

Introduction. The aim of the paper is a study of the evolution of legal relations on the territory of the Mongol Empire in the second half of the 13th century. The subjects of analysis are trials over the members of the ruling imperial family who were defeated during their rebellions and intestine wars. Methods and materials. The sources of the study are medieval oriental sources, including Persian chronicles (by Rashid ad-Din, Mu’in ad-Din Natanzi, Mirza Ulugbek), Chinese dynastic history (“Yuan Shih”), etc. The methods used in the paper are critical analysis of textual sources, historical legal study, formal legal approach, and comparative historical analysis. Analysis. Four judicial processes are analyzed: the trial of Arigh Buqa, defeated by his brother Kubilai in 1264; the trial of Chinggisids over Boraq, head of Chaghatai Ulus, in 1269; the trial of Khubilai over prince Nayan in 1287; and the trial of Ilkhan Gazan over usurper Baydu in 1295. Information from the sources gives a reason to state that trials of defeated nobles reflected the process of decline of the imperial state system and misuse of principles established by Chinggis Khan and his proximate successors. Results. The analyzed information contains valuable additions to our idea of the judicial process in the Mongol Empire, specifically in cases of mutineers compared to other types of cases judged in the Empire and Chinggisid states. It also highlights the evolution of this process during the crisis of imperial power and its differences with the Chinggisid imperial law’s declared observance in the Empire and its uluses.
Russians in Republic of Uzbekistan: Demography, Identity, and Social Dynamics
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Tsyryapkina Yulia
Published: September 2023

Introduction.The article analyzes the issues of demographic development, identity, and social dynamics among Russians on the basis of the field materials collected in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the period from 2011 to 2019. Methods and materials. Based on historical and anthropological approaches, the article proves that the term “Russians” in the context of Uzbekistan should be considered without ethnicization; Russian people in the Republic can’t be analyzed as a homogeneous ethnic group. It was revealed that the alternative denominations for this group are such terms as “Russian speaking” and “Europeans,” including the descendants of migrants to Central Asia during the time of the Russian Empire and the Soviet period. Analysis. It was proved that the demographic activities of Russian speaking ethnic groups (Russian Ukrainians, Tartars, and Koreans) in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the period from 1991 to 2021 are gradually decreasing. It was revealed that the dominant features of the social dynamics of Russian people in the period of sovereignty were: the loss of special legal and “symbolic” status; the realization of minority status; and dependence on state policy in the national sphere. Results. Russian people in Uzbekistan preserve “European” social-cultural identity and emphasize the borders with the national identity of the indigenous population of the region. During the period under research, the complex and diverse identity of the Russian population, including local and regional identity, has become stronger. The narrowing of the socio-economic profile of Russians in the cities of the Republic of Uzbekistan becomes a conspicuous phenomenon.
Payrolls as a Source for the Reconstruction of Ship Biographies on the Example of the Sarapul Operating Office 1954–1962
Authors:   Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mityukov Nikolas , Toshchevikova Natalia ,   Administration of the Municipality “City of Sarapul”
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Payrolls are one of the valuable historical sources, which, unfortunately, has limited access due to the law on the protection of personal data. Since they are the most popular source for confirming the length of service and income of citizens, often the funds of organizations can consist of only one payroll. In this regard, the development of processing procedures to identify the implicit information contained in them is relevant. Methods and materials. The work is devoted to a methodical generalization of the authors’ experience in working with payrolls for the period 1954–1962 of the Udmurt administration of small rivers for the reconstruction of the biographies of the ships available there. Analysis and results. The greatest efficiency was demonstrated by the joint analysis of payrolls with orders for personnel. At the first stage, it is advisable to present the payroll data in tabular form. After that, the table is decomposed and a search is made for possible duplicates and combinations of ships. As a result of the work, it is shown that payrolls are a valuable source, not only as a basis for subsequent statistical processing but also as a narrative source of information. On the example of payrolls at the Sarapul operational office in 1954–1962, the operational information of the fleet available there was reconstructed. It is concluded that they are a more timely and objective source than, for example, statistical reports; therefore, in cases of disagreement, preference should be given to payroll statements. Author’s contribution. N.W. Mitiukov made an analytical summary of the submitted documents. N.V. Toshchevikova carried out an archival search, selection of documents, and editing of the manuscript.
The Development of Gender Studies in the Research of the Battle of Stalingrad
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Elokhina Alexandra
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Historiography devoted to the study of wartime Stalingrad demonstrates the changing object of Stalingrad studies. We can distinguish several successive research narratives and research programmes. Methods and materials. The article is of a reviewing, historiographical nature. The main methodology used in this article is the study methodology for research programmes. Methods of gender studies are also used in the article. Analysis. The traditional natural narrative is devoted to the description of military operations in the city from September 1942 to February 1943. Historians focus on the military units and formations (battalions, regiments, divisions, and armies) involved in the hostilities. The 2000s brought a change in the object of research in the historiography of the Battle of Stalingrad. For the first time, the civilian population of the military Stalingrad became the object of close study. A continuation and deepening of the “civilian population” narrative is the theme of the “children of Stalingrad.” It would seem that after studying Stalingrad’s childhood, it is logical to talk about women. But it is difficult to make the Stalingrad woman an object of scientific research. If the child has already become a “legitimate” object of historical study, the woman is still regarded as a kind of “weak” analogue of the man. The functional roles of a woman (wife and mother) almost always supersede her gender specificity and her experience. Results. One of the tasks of such research should be to analyse the change in a woman’s social role from wife, mother, and keeper of the home to a more independent and important member of society. The special socioeconomic and political position of women in Soviet military society still requires close study. The methodology of gender studies should come to Stalingrad studies.
The Partial Destruction of the Sarmatians Burials of the Esaulovsky Aksai (Is It a Robbery or a Ritual Desecration?)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Klepikov Valeriy
Published: September 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of the partial robbery of the high-status Middle Sarmatians burials analyzed in the Esaulovsky Aksai River floodplain. The analysis of the burial complexes near the village named Kovalevka revealed an interesting feature. There was partial destruction of the buried Sarmatians bones, but, at the same time, the parts of the bones and accompanying burial equipment remained undisturbed. Typically, these burials had some status artifacts like bronze cast and forged cauldrons, weapons and horse harness items, and ceramics from the Central Caucasus, Kuban, and Lower Don Valley. Methods and materials. The objects of research were not only burials from Kovalevka but also synchronic burial complexes from Zhutovo, Aksai, Peregruznoe, and Oktyabrsky. The research involves using both traditional general scientific methods, including chronological and spatial analysis, and special archaeological research methods, including formal typological, cartographic, and analogy methods, which describe the scientific facts and reconstruct ethnocultural processes. Analysis. These burials are characterized not only by dead-drops under an individual mound but also by a special inventory, where, except for the swords and arrows, there were also spearheads, two-part bits with rodshaped psalms, and horse bones. At the same time, the synchronic Early Sarmatian complexes found in the burial mounds were left intact. Such partial robbery of the high-status Middle Sarmatians burials is also fixed when expanding the area of the neighboring burial grounds of the Esaulovsky Aksai River basin. This observation suggests that a group of well-armed nomads with slightly different traditions characteristic of the Middle Sarmatian culture appeared on the studied territory occupied by the Early Sarmatian population at the turn of the era. Migrants who founded their cemeteries in the floodplain of the Esaulovsky Aksai River aroused the anger of the local Sarmatian groups, which led to the burials desecration of the aliens. Results. We can assume that at the end of the 1st century BC and the beginning of the 1st century AD, in the Don-Volga interfluve, there was a struggle for control over an important transit zone, as indirectly evidenced by a significant number of prestigious imported items discovered in the burials of the investigated territory. Key words: Early Sarmatians, Middle Sarmatians, burial, robbery of burials, Don-Volga interfluve.
Late Sarmatian Swords and Daggers from the Burials of the Berezovsky Kurgan Burial Ground
Authors:   Voronezh State Pedagogical University, Berezutskij Valerij
Published: September 2023

Introduction. One of the main types of Sarmatian weapons is bladed weapons, represented by daggers and swords. The relatively small number of Late Sarmatian burials in the forest-steppe Podonye determines the importance of publishing new materials – daggers and swords. Materials. The materials for the analysis were artifacts (iron daggers and swords) discovered during the study of kurgan burial ground 4 near the village of Berezovka in the Vorobyevsky district of the Voronezh region (left bank of the Middle Don). In four of the seven burials examined, bladed weapons were found. The dead were buried under separate mounds in elongated rectangular pits and chambers clogged with continental clay. The heads of the buried were directed to the southern sector (three burials) and to the east-northeast (one burial). Bladed weapons were located according to the tradition of the Scythians and Sarmatians – at the right hand with the tip to the extremities of the legs. Methods. The study used a comparative typological method that allowed us to distinguish the found daggers and swords into a separate type of bladed weapons; the method of analogies, which was used to compare the type with similar finds in the Sarmatian culture; and the chronological method, which made it possible to attribute the discovered blades to the late Sarmatian culture. Analysis. During the analysis of artifacts, typical signs of bladed weapons characteristic of the late Sarmatian culture were identified; although the time of their appearance belongs to the early and Middle Sarmatian periods, their chronological framework was determined (mid-2nd – 4th centuries AD). A dagger and a sword were found together in two burials. Results. All burials in which bladed weapons were found belong to men (age range from 25–30 years to 35–40 years). Judging by the available data, the joint occurrence of a dagger and a sword in the burial may indicate in favor of the opinion that there are burials of professional soldiers in the burial ground.
Intentional Artifiсial Cranial Deformation in the Late Sarmatian Population (Paleopathological Aspect)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Pererva Evgeniy
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Intentional artificial head deformation is one of the most striking features of the late Sarmatian nomads from the Eastern European steppes. For quite a long time, archaeologists and anthropologists tried to solve the issues associated with this custom’s emergence and existence in the population of the 2nd – 4 th centuries AD. Later, the question of the deforming structure’s impact on the normal life of a person became a separate research line for the phenomenon of artificial cranial deformation in the late Sarmatians. Methods and materials. 155 craniums of sexually mature late Sarmatian populations (2nd – 4th centuries AD) originating from under the burial mounds in the territory of the Lower Volga region were the material for the study. Comparison of pathological conditions occurrence between the deformed and undeformed skull groups was carried out using nonparametric tests: Pearson’s chi-squared test (χ2) and Fisher’s exact test. Results. Comparative analysis of pathological conditions occurrence on deformed and undeformed skulls in late Sarmatian time has shown that the only deviation in which the compared series differ significantly is temporomandibular joint arthritis. Discussion. The frequency and degree of articular disease development in late Sarmatians with intentional artificial head deformities increase with age. The age-related variability of arthrotic changes in the mandibular joint area indicates the involutionary nature of this condition. At the same time, the absence of statistical differences between age groups in the distribution frequencies of this pathology and its wide distribution in young individuals under 35 years of age suggest that artificial skull deformation is one of the factors stimulating its development. Conclusions. Degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joint area are a statistically more widespread pathology in deformed skulls. The absence of gender differences between the deformed and undeformed skulls in the late Sarmatians, as well as the groups of pathologies associated with diet and the degree of negative factors impacting the natural and social environment, indicates that this custom in the late Sarmatian society did not carry the function of gender or social differentiation. The use of a modifying structure for deliberate artificial cranial deformation is quite compatible with normal human life, and its use did not subsequently lead to the development of serious skull and brain pathologies.
A Geometric Morphometric Study of the Facial Skeleton Variation in the Jetyasar Archaeological Culture Population of the Eastern Aral Region
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mednikova Maria , Evteev Andrey ,   Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chechyotkina Olga ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrova Kristina ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Manríquez German ,   University of Chile, Tarasova Anna ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2023

Introduction. The origin of the Jetyasar culture’s population remains a subject of debate. It was generally accepted that the Xiongnu penetrated into the Aral Sea region and participated in the formation of the local population. Previous studies have shown a complex and admixed origin of the Jetyasar people. But the spread of the head deformation tradition in this population imposes serious limitations on the application of craniometric methods for studying Jetyasar samples. Those limitations can be potentially mitigated with the use of geometric morphometrics (GM). The purpose of this work was to assess the degree of variation in the facial skeleton of the Jetyasar people in comparison with populations of the Early Iron Age and the Hunno-Sarmatian period. Material and methods. Digital, three-dimensional models of the skulls were created. Ten landmarks were placed on each of the models and subjected to general Procrustes analysis (GPA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results. The first PC of the analysis of the total male sample reflects variation in the height of the face, nasal bridge protrusion, and the relative width of the infraorbital region. The second component describes the height of the lateral part of the zygomatic process of the maxilla and the adjacent part of the zygomatic bone. The Kosasar 2 male sample is the most diverse morphologically. This burial ground, according to archeological data, belonged to a migrant population related to the Xiongnu. In the female total sample, high values of the first PC are associated with a tall face, a weak nasal bridge protrusion, and a long zygomatic-maxillary suture. The second PC describes the morphology of the zygomatic process of the upper jaw. The Jetyasar samples are morphologically distinct from the skulls from China, Mongolia, Western Siberia, and Southern Siberia. An exception are the crania from the burial grounds of Kosasar 2, 3, and Altyn-Asar 4t which are similar to the early Iron Age samples from China (inner Mongolia, Warring States period, 5 th – 3rd centuries BC), Mongolia (Xiongnu period), and Tuva (Arzhan-2). Discussion. The Xiongnu migration could become a catalyst for the admixture and ethnogenetic processes in the region. Conclusion. Our study shows that the population of the Jetyasar culture was morphologically heterogeneous at all stages of the culture’s development. The hypothesis about the migrant roots of a part of the population is confirmed by our data.
Training and Retraining of Personnel in the System of Soviet Authorities in the Lower Volga Region at the First Stage of Socialist Reconstruction (1928–1932)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Furman Ekaterina
Published: September 2023

Introduction. The success of the large-scale transformations carried out in the country at the first stage of socialist reconstruction largely depended on the solution of the personnel issue in the process of systematic training of qualified personnel both for the economic sphere and for the Soviet authorities. Methods and materials. The study was based on traditional methods (historical-comparative, historical-systemic, genetic) and principles (objectivity, historicism, consistency) of historical research. Most of the documents involved in the research process were unpublished archival sources from the State Regional Archive of the Volgograd Region and the Center for Documentation of the Recent History of the Volgograd Region. Analysis. The research is aimed at identifying the problems of training and retraining personnel of Soviet authorities in the Lower Volga Region. Results. The first stage of socialist reconstruction, the administrative-territorial reform, and the creation of the Lower Volga Region brought the problem of personnel training into the category of key problems, the success of solving which was directly linked to the implementation of major changes in the political, economic, and social spheres during the first five-year plan. The problem of training and retraining personnel of the Soviet authorities in the region had to be solved against the background of the systemic “processing” personnel, the low level of education of applicants and working Soviet managers, the lack of a systematic accounting the personnel link until 1929 and, as a result, high rates of personnel rotation, especially at the level of the district and village, which determined the main directions of activity of the regional authorities in this matter – the need to intensify efforts to introduce accounting, accurately identify “bottlenecks” in the process of training and retraining of personnel, systematic planning of educational activities for the training and retraining of personnel.