bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Algorithms for Enhanced Parameter Estimation in Mathematical Modelling
Authors: Hasan Ahmed , Mzedawee Asaad Naser Hussein , Alsharify Fouad Hamza Abd
Published: March 2024

Identifying optimization algorithms for parameter estimation is an important consideration in the dynamic landscape of computational science and mathematical modeling. This paper explores the complex relationship between mathematical models and optimization techniques, providing a comprehensive analysis of synergies a lies between them for they were established in order search. Our study attempted to shed light on its role in theoretical and practical terms: three important factors: perception, meeting behavior, and mathematical efficiency. In doing so, we found valuable insights into the art of algorithm selection, which provided useful insights into improving the accuracy and efficiency of mathematical models. Based on the presented results, the Powell optimization algorithm emerged as an outstanding tool, and model and algorithm continued to demonstrate multiple applicability in various sampling scenarios. By revealing complex interconnections, this study contributes to a growing discourse about mathematical modeling and optimization, and equips scientists, engineers, and decision-makers with the tools needed to meet complex real-world challenges with confidence and accuracy. Finally, the numerical results of the optimization show the superiority of Powell's algorithm in reaching the optimal solution and demonstrated its ability to deal with a wide range of scenarios.
A Convex Polygon of Twist Influenced by Nandakumar and Ramana Rao
Authors: Rellon Louie Resti S.
Published: March 2024

In this study, the researchers address the conundrum: To divide a 2-dimensional convex polygonal region Q into a specified natural number n of convex pieces, all of which have equal areas although perimeters could be different, such that the total length of cuts used is maximized. With the aid of AutoCAD software, the results show that a convex polygon Q divided into n=2 equal area partitions must have its cut line λ¬ or its area bisector originate in some vertex "v" _"α" of Q with the least measure. We claim that this cut line λ is the maximum possible cut length that divides polygon Q into n=2 equal area partitions. The resulting proof of this conjecture can be used recursively for a convex polygon Q divided into n=2^k equal area partitions, where k∈N
PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA FROM LONG CARE UNIT IN FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY PROGRAM: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Mumbai University, Mumbai, India, Siddiqui Javed Ather , Qureshi Shazia Farheen ,   College of Physicians and Surgeons of Bombay, Mumbai, INDIA, Alotaibi Hani Matrok ,   Saudi board Psychiatry, Saudi Arabia., Alkhammash Waleed Mohsen ,   Saudi Board Psychiatry, Saudi Arabia.
Published: March 2024

Introduction – Metabolic syndrome is a leading health concern among schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotics. The morbidity and mortality rates of these patients can increase when they already have cardiovascular disease and other risk factors. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its relationship to various clinical parameters such as blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and waist circumference. Methods – This disease-oriented observational study was carried out in the forensic psychiatric rehabilitation ward at the Erada & Mental Health Complex - Taif, Saudi Arabia. Patients admitted to the inpatient ward between 2018 and 2023 participated in the study (N = 71). The relationship between metabolic syndrome and psychotropic medications was also examined. Schizophrenia was defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR) criteria. Metabolic syndrome was assessed based on the international criteria National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III report (ATPIII) criteria and AHA/NHLB. Results – In this study, 71 volunteer schizophrenic patients were included, and an observational study over five years was conducted. We found the total number of metabolic syndrome patients was 40 (56.34%) compared with 31 (43.66%) patients without metabolic syndrome. The majority of metabolic syndrome patients (57.50%) were aged 41 to 50. The highest number of patients suffering from metabolic syndrome are those taking atypical antipsychotic medications. Among antipsychotic medications, aripiprazole was found the maximum number of 10 (25%) followed by olanzapine 7 (17.5%). Maximum number of metabolic syndrome parameters increased fasting blood sugar 26 (65%) followed by increased body mass index 21 (52.5%). Discuss – This research can contribute to the study of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with schizophrenia. In the present study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 56.34 percent in schizophrenia. There are several metabolic side effects associated with second-generation antipsychotics and if these aren't treated properly, they can lead to serious health complications, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatal heart disease. Conclusion - In our study, metabolic syndrome was most prevalent among patients between 41 - 50 years of age. Therefore, clinicians are encouraged to screen and monitor metabolic syndrome and treat cardio-metabolic risk factors for optimum long-term management. Keywords: schizophrenia, metabolic syndrome, antipsychotics.
PSYCHOSTIMULANT USE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors:   Internship Doctor Program (medical doctor) Rumah Sakit Islam Nashrul Ummah, Lamongan, Indonesia, Widanty Batrisyia Rosieta
Published: March 2024

Introduction – Undergraduate students are transitioning to a learning curriculum, it's not unexpected that many of them are stressed out by academic and non-academic pressures. Many college students use psychostimulants, which are supplied legally or illegally, to cope with their pressures. College student consume coffee, which is known to contain caffeine, to remain awake for a longer period, improve their physical energy, and stay focused on their work. Furthermore, for academic purposes, students use psychostimulants. Although the number of college students who use psychostimulants without a prescription is modest, It's a form of drug addiction with potentially fatal effects. Methods – The author uses journals with a range of 2011-2021 to discuss the use of psychostimulants in college students. Results – Many college students consume caffeine, but studies show that they also use amphetamine non-medical prescription stimulants such as Adderall and methylphenidate, which are sold under the brand names Ritalin and Adderall. Discuss – Students commonly take non-medical prescription stimulants for a variety of reasons, including improving focus, being more productive with academic activities, working more efficiently, and reducing distractions. Sleep deprivation, sadness, abnormal movements, hallucinations, tachycardia, and loss of appetite are all common adverse effects of psychostimulants. Conclusion – Undergraduate students abuse psychostimulants because they can minimize their stresses and thus perform better in class. The usage of psychostimulants rises as the exam time approaches. Caffeine, a legal psychostimulant, has been found to improve alertness and concentration, allowing it to preserve cognitive performance that has deteriorated due to a lack of sleep. Keywords: psychostimulant, college student, caffeine.
THE IMPACT OF SMARTPHONE USAGE ON PRESCHOOL AND SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN INTELLIGENCE
Authors:   Internship Doctor Program (medical doctor) Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Banyuasin, Palembang, Indonesia., Utami Titania Novira
Published: March 2024

Introduction – The internet is very important and useful for a variety of purposes, such as rapid sharing of information, entertainment, convenient electronic commerce, emotional support, and contact with other cultures, in the end, the internet is what we need, and so we use smartphones. A smartphone combines a mobile phone and the services of the internet. Smartphones offer many useful services that relieve our daily lives. Smartphones are not only used by young adult people, but also commonly used by children, both those are preschool and school-age children. Children spend a lot of time using smartphones instead of playing with their friends in real life. Some of them are even addicted to using smartphones all the time. Smartphone usage in children has both negative and positive impacts. The objective of this paper is to better understand the impact of smartphone usage on preschool and school-age children's intelligence. Methods – This paper takes a review method by 11 articles related to the main objective. Results – A resume by 11 articles reveals that damage to brain tissue and bone marrow of children’s heads absorbs almost ten times more than adults. Beyond their negative impact, still, positive impact refers to learning through interesting media so that it is easier for children to understand things they want to know. Discuss – Excessive smartphone usage by preschool children will cause various developmental problems and will cause a decrease in cognitive abilities. Excessive smartphone usage by school-age children makes children not interested in learning anymore and harms children’s achievement levels. The positive impacts are smartphone has so many educational media and applications and children can look for unlimited information easier. Conclusion – Although smartphone usage is known to have so many impacts on children’s cognitive development and children’s development in general, there is no evidence that smartphone usage has an effect on children’s intelligence which can be measured through IQ, so further research is needed. Keywords: smartphone usage, preschool, school.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GRANDIOSE AND VULNERABLE NARCISSISM: SELF-ESTEEM, EMOTION DYSREGULATION, AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
Authors:   Internship Doctor Program (medical doctor) Misi Lebak Hospital, Banten, Indonesia., Fadhila Audri Shabrina
Published: March 2024

Introduction – Narcissism is most often associated with someone arrogant, domineering, and conceited which is captured in the term grandiose narcissism. However, it is agreed that there are two different dimensions of narcissism which are grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism. Manifestations of the two dimensions are differently affecting one’s self-esteem and interpersonal relationships. Methods – The researcher used several journals and literature discussing grandiose and vulnerable narcissism including assessment, self-esteem, emotion dysregulation, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and parenting about grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Results – Narcissism is an effort to protect one’s self-concept which is characterized by an intense need for validation and admiration that pushes them to seek self-enhancements. There are two types of narcissism which are grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Vulnerable narcissism is associated with lower self-esteem than grandiose narcissism and in turn, has a more positive association with difficulties in regulating negative emotions than grandiose narcissism. Discuss – The assessment of grandiose narcissism is less of a challenge because of the overt presentation of grandiosity. On the other hand, the assessment of vulnerable narcissism is tricky. The entitlement is usually hidden in these individuals with the overt presentation being fearful, cautious, and easily threatened. Conclusion – Vulnerable narcissists tend to develop social avoidance to cope with their vulnerabilities in a relationship, while grandiose narcissist tends to say positive things about themselves. Keywords: grandiose, narcissism, self-esteem, emotion dysregulation, interpersonal relationship.
THE ROLE of GENERAL PRACTITIONER in PSYCHOTHERAPY of PATIENT BINGE EATING DISORDER
Authors:   Internship Doctor Program (medical doctor) Rumah Sakit Grha Husada, Gresik, Indonesia, Fajrin Ria
Published: March 2024

Introduction – Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a condition in which an individual has repeated episodes of binge eating or episode purging type (inducing vomiting by himself or by using laxatives, diuretics, or enemas). It has happened during at last 3 months. The prevalence of binge eating disorder peaks in female adolescents aged 19-22 years and male adolescents aged 24 years. Treatment that can be given for BED includes psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and weight loss therapy. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for BED. Types of psychotherapy used in BED are Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), and Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Methods – The searching method in this article is based on several journals and textbook reviews including diagnosis of BED, and psychotherapy of BED such as Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT). Results – A binge eating disorder (BED) is someone who experiences uncontrollable binge eating, and these episodes can be repeated. after that, someone is trying to get his food out or purging (inducing vomiting by himself or by using laxatives, diuretics, or enemas). This is happened during the last 3 months. Psychotherapy is a formal process that involves the interaction between 2 or more people. Several professionals in mental health use psychotherapy. Types of psychotherapy used in BED are CBT, IPT, and DBT. Discuss – The role of GP in CBT is to help patients change their patterns of thinking and what they do. CBT also helps patients develop their skills to identify, and deal with problematic thoughts, and beliefs The role of a GP in IPT is to help people manage negative feelings so they don't vent those feelings by binge eating. IPT enhances the development of healthy interpersonal skills by replacing maladaptive behavior by promoting a positive self-image. DBT is a complete therapy. it consists of many different components, which include behavior therapy such as exposure therapy, skill in taking an action (contingency), stimulus control skills, problem-solving, cognitive restructuring, and other interventions. Conclusion – The three psychotherapies are interrelated with each other, with the combination of the three therapies on BED the results will be better. Keywords: BED, CBT IPT, DBT, general practitioner.
Epidemic survey of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever infections in the Iraqi population during 2022
Authors: Al-hilfi Riyadh A. , I. Kaleel Raghad , J. Ghazzi Jinan , Y. Fadhil Hula , M. Auf Iman , R. Aakef Ihab , A. Shakir Hawraa , A. Hussain Ahmed , A. Mohsin Zainab , A. Abdulhadi Noora
Published: March 2024

The primary cause of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a virus spread by ticks. The rate of
frequency of case mortality is 10–40%, which is spurred on by the CCHF virus, which also produces severe
viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. The current study can be viewed as an epidemiological survey of CCHF
infections in Iraq, with the goal of better understanding block virus transmission and preventing the risk of
contracting the disease. Approximately 1370 blood samples from suspect patients were taken and separated;
then, the serum was processed to remove viral RNA and tested for CCHF infection using specialized kits.
Results revealed 382 (27.9%) positive cases, including 76 (19.9%) positive patients with dying compared to
306 (80.1%) who experienced cures. Findings showed a significant incidence of more than 50% of the positive
cases having contact with animals and raw meat, 33% slaughtering, and 36% tick bites.
Furthermore, 125 (32.7%) homemakers and 64 (16.8%) butchers had the most significant infection percentage.
With 42.4% of all infections, Thiqar province had the most infected patients, followed by Misan with 9.7%,
then Wasit and Babil. With 27.2% of all infections, May had the most CCHF-positive infections, followed by
June and July. In conclusion, in response to the initial wave counterattack in southern Iraq, public health
interventions on the veterinarian side should be implemented; these should eliminate, or at least decrease, the
impact of a second wave. Illegal trading practices must be controlled if zoonotic diseases like CCHF are to
stop spreading.
Keywords: CCHF, Iraqi provinces, RT-PCR, tick bites, zoonotic disease.
Propagación in vitro de Annona deceptrix (westra) H. Rainer (Annonaceae) una especie en peligro de
extinción en Ecuador
Authors: Nevárez Loor María Auxiliadora , Macías Ponce Fátima Consuelo , Pico-Mendoza José
Published: March 2024

This work aims to develop a protocol for the in vitro propagation of Annona deceptrix (westra) H. Rainer. In
addition, it measures survival in ex-vitro conditions. Nodal shoot segments were used as explants, disinfected
with different NaClO concentrations and exposure times, and then precultured in the Murashige and Skoog
(MS) basal culture medium. Woody Plant Medium (WPM) was used for the multiplication and rooting phase,
with different types and concentrations of phytoregulators. In the establishment phase, the explants responded
better with the 1% NaClO treatment for 15 minutes, where the highest survival percentage was observed at
72.04%. For the variable number of shoots and stem diameter, the treatment with BAP (1 mgL-1) + (GA3 0.25
gL-1) + (WPM) reached the best average with a value of 2.00 and 2.35, respectively. Mm, respectively. For
root induction, the best response was obtained when 3mgL-1 IBA (T3) was added to the culture medium,
reaching an average root length of 5.75 cm after 60 days of culture in the medium. The rooted Vitro plants of
an approximate height of 5 cm were brought to the mesh house for their acclimatization; in this phase, the
survival rate was evaluated during the first week of acclimatization, and the plant's growth fifteen days after
sowing in trays containing a peat-based substrate, where T3 had an average survival of 70% and higher plant
height at 60 days, indicating that this treatment promoted faster seedling development under conditions exvitro.
Keywords: Annona deceptrix, propagation, in vitro rooting, ex-vitro acclimatization, growth regulators.
Isophreatic curves of groundwater wells in the upper zone of Cerro de Hula, Santa Ana, Francisco
Morazán
Authors: Almendares-Rivera Kelly , Peña-Paz Tania
Published: March 2024

The research is part of a master's research thesis, the aim of which is the generation of groundwater well curves
in Cerro de Hula, located south of the capital of Honduras, which serves as a baseline to understand the
movement of groundwater flow in the area preliminarily. To achieve this, groundwater level surveys were
carried out in the field in April 2022 (dry season), which were analyzed, processed, and interpolated using the
Kriging method in ArcGis software. The main findings show the survey of 21 groundwater extraction points,
belonging to shallow and deep wells that supply around 2900 people in the area, and that the preliminary water
movement according to the isophreatic curves corresponds to a radial flow, with curves ranging from 5 m
deep of the water table remaining in the western part of the area (highest part), and moving downwards to the
100 m deep curves (eastern region). It is conclusive to mention that this is a preliminary tool for managing the
area's underground water resources.
Keywords: groundwater, water table, isophreatic curves, radial flow.
Diseño de un sistema de agitación para un biorreactor de 1m3 de capacidad para la producción de ácido glicérico a partir de glicerol por fermentación microbiana de Acetobacter tropicalis
Authors: Cabrera-Valle Daniel , Pérez Henry
Published: March 2024

This work presents the design of an agitation system for a 1m3 capacity bioreactor intended to produce glyceric
acid (GA) through microbial fermentation of A. tropicalis using 20% v/v glycerol as the primary substrate.
Building on previous studies that evaluated ideal conditions for glyceric acid production, initial data were
utilized to identify the impeller type and perform subsequent calculations, including impeller Reynolds number, power consumption, and mixing time. Once the agitator type was specified, standard geometric relationships were employed to size components of the agitation system, such as tank size, baffle plates, and agitator
dimensions. Power consumption calculations were compared with results from other studies on fermentation
media with similar rheological characteristics. The agitator's power consumption for mixing 1m3 of medium
was determined to be 8.35 kW, achieving 95% homogenization in 5.14 seconds, with a mixing time error of
approximately 10%, operating at an agitation speed of 500 rpm.
Keywords: agitation system; glyceryc acid; bioreactor
HIV knowledge and preventive Standards Precautions Among Healthcare Workers in Blood Transfusion Centers
Authors: Muwfaq Younis Nasir , Mohammed Ahmed Mahmoud , Yousif Ayed Alaa
Published: March 2024

The number of instances of HIV has climbed considerably in the previous ten years, which is cause for alarm.
Because healthcare workers are future healthcare professionals, they must have proper knowledge and preventive standards and precautions about HIV because they will play a vital role in the prevention of HIV
transmission and treatment of HIV patients. The article aims to identify HIV knowledge and preventive standard precautions among healthcare workers in blood transfusion Centers. Cross-sectional descriptive research
to characterize and provide information about the knowledge and preventive standards precautions among
healthcare workers in blood transfusion Centers from March 25 to April 15, 2022. Participants from the described Studies (N = 34) provided data for these analyses. This result revealed that the participants' knowledge
ranged between acceptable and good (47.05 and 52.95). Also, participants' knowledge of prevention strategies
was similar, but the hand hygiene strategy was the most valuable (M: 3.62 and SD: 0.45). The instrument
consists of 3 parts: part 1: demographical variables. Part two: healthcare workers' knowledge of HIV, Part 3:
preventive standards precautions among healthcare workers. The current study of healthcare personnel shows
that they have a decent understanding of HIV based on the precise results and adhere to the preventive
measures during the blood transfusion.
Keywords: HIV, knowledge, preventive Standards precautions, Healthcare Workers, Blood Transfusion Centers
Effect of Solanum aculeastrum on hematological parameters of Al-bino mice infected with Aspergillus
fumigatus
Authors: Allwi Al-Saffy Sara Ghalib , Abdalkareem Abdulshaheed Dalia
Published: March 2024

The goal of the current study was to research the changes in hematological parameters: WBC count, RBCs
count, Hb, PCV, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte in albino mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus
by intraperitoneal injection after induced immunosuppression by intraperitoneal injection of cortisone. The
current research also examined an attempt to reduce the infection load by treating with Solanum aculeastrum.
The result shows higher decreased significance (P≤0. 05) in RBCs, Hb, and PCV after being infected with A.
fumigatus 7. 1 ± 0. 8, 11. 3 ± 0. 5 and 41. 5 ± 2. 4, respectively, while the total WBC count, neutrophil,
lymphocyte, and monocytes were increased significantly (P≤0. 05) after treatment with S. aculeastrum in
groups infected with A. fumigatus, compared to other groups. According to these results, we conclude that the
alcoholic extract of S. Astrum has significant therapeutic and antifungal characteristics that lead to an increase
in the total WBC count and, therefore, is considered a necessary alternative therapy for increasing immunity.
Keywords: Cortisone, Hematology, Fungi, Iraq.
Histopathological effects of Cryptococcus neoformans on liver and kidney in mice
Authors: Hussamaldeen Al-Bakir Sara Saad , Abdalkareem Abdalshaheed Dalia
Published: March 2024

This study provides a brief review of approaches for the detection of histopathological effects of Cryptococcus
neoformans on the liver and kidney in mice that were injected I/P with 105
yeast cells of C. neoformans suspended in 1 ml phosphate-buffered saline at a single dose. After 14 days, the mice were sacrificed, and histopathological sections from the liver and kidney were prepared and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin by
the P.A.S. method. The results show that the liver was infiltrated with inflammatory cells, primarily mononuclear cells, in the portal. In addition to the activation of Kupffer cells and vacillation of hepatocytes, most
blood vessels were congested. The section of the kidney shows sluffing of epithelia lining tubules and complete destruction of glomeruli, in addition to infiltration of mononuclear cells. These results suggested that the
fungus invasiveness of mice has substantial effects on vital organs and may lead to death.
Keywords: Cryptococcus neoformans, Hepatic cryptococcal infection, Cryptococcuria.
Identification of Diagnosis Fungi that Cause Potato Root Rot
Authors: A´shour Saja W. , Farhan Theyab A.
Published: March 2024

Results of collecting samples from different regions of Anbar Governorate (Al-Amiriyah, Al-Khalidya, Fallujah, Heet and Ramadi) showed that potato root rot disease is widespread in all regions collected. The results
of isolation and phenotypic and molecular diagnosis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique
indicated showed the presence of fungus Rhizoctonia spp., and Fungus Fusarium spp. Accompanying potato
root rot disease and the pathogenicity test using radish seeds on water Agar (W.R.) culture media, all tested
isolates achieved a significant reduction in radish seed plants compared with control treatment uncontaminated
by any of the isolates of fungi, which recorded infection rate 0%.
Keywords: Potato Root Rot, Diagnosis, Fungi, Rhizoctonia solani , Fusarium solani.
Effect of injection with microelements, jasmonic and citric acid on some date palm c.v Khastawi yield
traits
Authors: Taha W. , Al-Hamdani Kh.A.S. , AL-Assa KH. N.
Published: March 2024

The study was conducted at the Ishaqi palm plant affiliated with the Department of Horticulture/Ministry of
Agriculture during the growing season of 2021 on date palm trees of the Khastawi variety to study the response
of the yield traits of the Khastawi date palm trees to the injection of microelements, jasmonic and citric acid.
The study included three factors: The first factor is the injection of microelements with three treatments: injection with water only, symbolized by D0, iron injection at a concentration of 300 mg, and iron sulfate. Palm1
, symbolized by D1, and boron injection through boric acid at a concentration of 40 mg Palm-1
, symbolized
by D2. The second factor is the treatment of injections with the Jasmonic growth regulator, which was injected
three days after the injection with the microelements and with the same number of additions (0, 50, 100)
micrograms. L-1
is symbolized by G0, G1, and G2 sequentially. The trees were injected with the microelements
and the Jasmonic growth regulator before Immunization, after vaccination in 20 days, and after 40 days. The
third factor was injection with citric acid and included three levels (0, 500, 1000) mg l-1
symbolized by S0, S1,
and S2 sequentially. The results showed that the D2 treatment was significantly superior in the average diameter, length, size and weight of the fruit and the total yield, as it reached 24.86 mm, 3.46 cm, 11.10 cm, 10.07
g, 36.00 kg.palm-1
sequentially, while the comparison treatment gave the lowest average for the traits. As for
the effect of jasmonic acid, the injection treatment was superior to (100 µg L-1
). (G2) gave the highest average
for the diameter, length, size, weight of the fruit, and the total yield, which reached 25.90 mm, 3.63 cm, 12.09
cm, 10.93 g, and 35.96 kg. Palm-1, respectively, while the comparison treatment gave the lowest average for
the traits above as for the effect of citric acid. The treatment exceeded 1000 mg.L-1
(S2) gave the highest rate
in the diameter, length, size, and weight of the fruit, and the total yield, reaching 24.84 mm, 3.49 cm, 11.13
cm, 9.04 g, and 36.30 kg. Palm-1, respectively, while the comparison treatment gave the lowest average for
the traits above, as the two- and three-interactions showed. The research factors have significant differences
for all the studied traits.
Keywords: Trace elements, jasmonic acid, citric acid, Khastawi variety.
Ameliorative Effect of Cinnamon and Rosemary Oils in Acrylamide–Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats
Authors: Elsayed Hala , Abd El-Hakim El komy Ashraf , Moneim El-Shewy Elham Abd-El , Elsayed Abdallah Faten Ebrahim
Published: March 2024

Liver diseases can result from various causes, such as viruses, bacteria, autoimmune disorders, or certain
medications and toxic substances. While modern medicine offers treatments for these conditions, there needs
to be more effective drugs that can protect and regenerate liver cells. Therefore, it is crucial to identify new
treatment options and liver-protective agents that are both highly efficient and safe. This study is assigned to
investigate the adverse effects of acrylamide on the liver in rats and explore whether these effects can be
mitigated by co-administration of cinnamon oil (C.O.), rosemary oil (R.O.), or a combination of both oils
during acrylamide exposure. A total of 70 male albino rats were divided randomly into 7 groups, each group
of 10 rats, that received different treatments: control group, acrylamide-treated group (20 mg/kg b.wt), cinnamon oil-treated group (200 mg/kg b.wt), rosemary oil-treated group (250 mg/kg b.wt), acrylamide and cinnamon oil-treated group, acrylamide and rosemary oil-treated group, and acrylamide, cinnamon oil, and rosemary oil-treated group. These treatments were administered orally for 28 consecutive days. Blood and liver
tissue samples were gathered at the end of the study to assess the outcomes. The results revealed that cinnamon
oil and rosemary oils exhibited hepatoprotective effects, as evidenced by normalized liver function parameters
(alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, and Alkaline phosphatase), as well as improvements in nonenzymatic parameters (total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein). The observed hepatoprotection of cinnamon oil and rosemary oils was attributed to their
ability to reduce oxidative stress caused by acrylamide, as demonstrated by lower levels of liver cell lipid
peroxidation product (malondialdehyde) and enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes (glutathione and catalase) in liver tissue.
Keywords: Cinnamon, Rosemary, Acrylamide, Liver, Rats, Antioxidants.
Genotypic Detection of Carbapenems Resistance Genes in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from
Urinary Tract Infection Patients
Authors: Hayder Hasan Thualfakar , Yasir AL-Ethari Ameer Sadeq , Al-Muhanna Sddiq Ghani , Ameer Al-Kraety Israa Abdul
Published: March 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterium characterized by its short, round, rod-shaped morphology. It is an opportunistic pathogen that poses a significant threat, particularly to immunocompromised
patients, often those with hospital stays lasting less than 90 days. Between June 2022 and July 2023, 214 urine
samples were collected from individuals suspected of having urinary tract infections (UTIs). These samples
were subjected to antibiotic resistance testing, focusing on detecting specific genes related to carbapenem
resistance, namely blaNDM, blaKPC, and blaVIM.The study's results revealed a notable trend in antibiotic
resistance among the bacterial isolates. Ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone, commonly used antibiotics
for UTIs, showed a high resistance rate among the tested isolates. This resistance highlights the challenges
healthcare professionals face when treating UTIs caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. On the other hand, the
isolates displayed a comparatively lower resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem, two necessary carbapenem antibiotics. This lower resistance to carbapenems is encouraging as these drugs are often considered
the last line of defense against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. The presence of carbapenem resistance
genes, such as blaNDM, blaKPC, and blaVIM, in the Acinetobacter baumannii isolates is of particular concern. These genes confer resistance to carbapenem antibiotics, crucial for treating severe infections caused by
multidrug-resistant bacteria. In conclusion, the study aims to study the growth of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, especially in urinary tract infections in immunocompromised patients with more extended hospital stays. It also highlights the need for Surveys and periodic examinations to detect the spread of
bacteria and their resistance.
Keywords: Carbapenems, UTI, genes, blaNDM, blaKPC, and blaVIM.
In silico design of CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNA for the knockout of the phytoene desaturase gene in sweet
potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Authors: Yupanqui-Celestino Mao , Lugo Brayan , Aguilar-Balabarca Giselle Jazmin , Lozano-Galindo Allison Esmeralda , Cotos-Durán Desiderio Elías , Pesantes-Rojas Carlos Roberto , Aguilar-Luna-Victoria Miguel Angel , Díaz-Ronceros Ernesto , Ramírez-Viena Linder
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to design in silico guide RNA (sgRNA) for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). The sequence of the coding region of the
IbPDS gene is 1791 base pairs (bp) long, and these, in turn, are equivalent to 572 amino acids. The amino acid
sequence of the IbPDS gene was compared with the homologous sequences of other nearby plant species,
showing that it presents a close similarity with PDS of Ipomoea triloba and Ipomoea nil with 98.60% and
97.73%, respectively. CRISPR RGEN Tools provided 113 results for the IbPDS gene, filtering to 24 and
selecting three sgRNA sequences for the design of the gene editing vector, which were sgRNA 1 (5'-ACCTCATCAGTCACCCTGTCNGG-3'), sgRNA 2 (5'- CCTCCAGCAGCAGTATTGGTTGGTTTGNGG -3')
and sgRNA 3 (5'- CTGAACTCTCCTGGTTGGTTGTTNGG -3'). The predicted secondary structures of the
selected sgRNAs present efficient sgRNA structures for gene editing of the target gene. The PMH-Cas9-
3xsgRNA vector for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the IbPDS gene was designed in silico with three
sgRNA sequences and one Hygromycin resistance marker.
Keywords: Gene editing, sgRNA, IbPDS, gene editing vector, Hygromycin.
Estimation of the shelf life of sweetened soft drinks based on microbiological and sensory analysis
Authors: Salazar Llorente Enrique , Cabanilla María , Arias-Toro Daniel , Medina Gabriela
Published: March 2024

In the present investigation, the shelf life of sweetened beverages was investigated through microbiological
and sensory analyses. An experimental design was employed, which included the variable of storage time.
This allowed for the identification of significant differences in the organoleptic and microbiological characteristics of the beverages.
Samples of the beverages were taken during their processing and evaluated over time, especially during the
pasteurization process at 85°C for 120 seconds. Laboratory analyses focused on microbiological tests, sensory
studies, and assessments of the processed product's quality.
The microbiological results remained within the limits established by INEN standards, with counts of mesophilic aerobes < 100 CFU/cm3, yeasts and molds < 50 CFU/cm3, total coliforms < 3 MPN/cm3, and fecal
coliforms < 3 MPN/cm3. Regarding sensory analysis, it was found that the beverages had a characteristic
aroma, a slightly yellow color, and a characteristic citrus flavor, making them highly acceptable to consumers.
Furthermore, the shelf life of the beverages was determined through accelerated aging at 32°C, resulting in a
shelf life of 2 months. These findings supported the conclusion that the beverages could be stored for 6 months
at room temperature, as indicated in another study that employed a similar methodology and evaluated properties such as color, aroma, and flavor.
Keywords: Analysis, mesophilic aerobes, fecal coliforms, yeasts and fungi4
, shelf life
Enabling Health Information Recommendation Using Crowdsourced Refinement in Web-Based Health Information Applications: User-Centered Design Approach and EndoZone Informatics Case Study
Authors: Li Wenhao , O'Hara Rebecca , Hull M Louise , Slater Helen , Sirohi Diksha , Parker Melissa A , Bidargaddi Niranjan
Published: March 2024

Background

In the digital age, search engines and social media platforms are primary sources for health information, yet their commercial interests–focused algorithms often prioritize irrelevant content. Web-based health applications by reputable sources offer a solution to circumvent these biased algorithms. Despite this advantage, there remains a significant gap in research on the effective integration of content-ranking algorithms within these specialized health applications to ensure the delivery of personalized and relevant health information.

Objective

This study introduces a generic methodology designed to facilitate the development and implementation of health information recommendation features within web-based health applications.

Methods

We detail our proposed methodology, covering conceptual foundation and practical considerations through the stages of design, development, operation, review, and optimization in the software development life cycle. Using a case study, we demonstrate the practical application of the proposed methodology through the implementation of recommendation functionalities in the EndoZone platform, a platform dedicated to providing targeted health information on endometriosis.

Results

Application of the proposed methodology in the EndoZone platform led to the creation of a tailored health information recommendation system known as EndoZone Informatics. Feedback from EndoZone stakeholders as well as insights from the implementation process validate the methodology’s utility in enabling advanced recommendation features in health information applications. Preliminary assessments indicate that the system successfully delivers personalized content, adeptly incorporates user feedback, and exhibits considerable flexibility in adjusting its recommendation logic. While certain project-specific design flaws were not caught in the initial stages, these issues were subsequently identified and rectified in the review and optimization stages.

Conclusions

We propose a generic methodology to guide the design and implementation of health information recommendation functionality within web-based health information applications. By harnessing user characteristics and feedback for content ranking, this methodology enables the creation of personalized recommendations that align with individual user needs within trusted health applications. The successful application of our methodology in the development of EndoZone Informatics marks a significant progress toward personalized health information delivery at scale, tailored to the specific needs of users.
Exploration of the *ST Mall Acquisition Event Based on the Theory of Corporate Life Cycle
Authors: Liu Jingwei
Published: March 2024

*ST Mall, a publicly listed company that has gone through multiple development stages, is currently facing severe financial difficulties and industry challenges. Through financial data analysis, it was found that *ST Mall is dealing with issues such as high debts, tight cash flow, and declining profitability. Especially in the recession stage, the financial condition of *ST Mall continues to deteriorate, leading to a significant drop in stock prices. In addition, they are also facing challenges like high market saturation and severe customer loss. The financial events of 2021 have had a profound impact on the company, bringing new financial risks and challenges. To address the current difficulties, the mall urgently needs to take measures to reduce financial risks, improve operational efficiency, closely monitor industry trends, and ensure that the company can effectively deal with future challenges.
An Overview of Supervised Machine Learning Paradigms and their Classifiers
Authors: Nkemdilim Mbeledogu Njideka , Uzoamaka Paul Roseline , Daniel Ugoh , Chidi Mbeledogu Kaodilichukwu
Published: April 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the theory and development of computer systems capable of performing complex tasks that historically requires human intelligence such as recognizing speech, making decisions and identifying patterns. These tasks cannot be accomplished without the ability of the systems to learn. Machine learning is the ability of machines to learn from their past experiences. Just like humans, when machines learn under supervision, it is termed supervised learning. In this work, an in-depth knowledge on machine learning was expounded. Relevant literatures were reviewed with the aim of presenting the different types of supervised machine learning paradigms, their categories and classifiers.
A Study on Utilization of Co-Digested Citronella Oilmeal Cake, Cow Dung and Poultry Dropping for Enhancement of Biogas Yield
Authors: Bhajani Shilpa
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Power plays a pivotal role in the industrial, economic and infrastructural development of the country’s growth. India is on the exponential growth paradigm and is playing a leadership role in the implementation of renewable energy projects for achieving the INDC’s committed in the Paris agreement and meeting the net carbon zero economy by 2070. The present research work attempts to utilize the co-digested agriwaste and livestock to enhance the biogas productivity. The experimental study considered a co-digested feedstock of cow dung (CD), poultry dropping (PD) and Citronella grass oilmeal cake (CG) using different ratios of each in five different digesters. Amongst all five digesters R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5; R4 having a co-digested feedstock of CD: PD: CG in the ratio of 20% : 55% : 25% respectively. The cumulative biogas yield for an experimental period was observed to 41.26 litres whereas the methane percentage in the biogas was 74%. The feedstock quantity required for 1 m3 biogas production was found to be 18.9 kg which was observed to be lower than the cowdung based monodigester which is 25 kg. Thus, co-digestion of the Citronella grass oilmeal cake along with poultry dropping using cow dung as substrate showed promising results which can be scaled up to commercial level biogas plants in villages where these feedstocks are easily available.
Website development on herbal plant diversity as media in Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Madrin Ariftania , Ratnawati R.
Published: March 2024

Local wisdom which is the theme of the project to strengthen the character of Pancasila in the Merdeka Curriculum includes the fading of ancestral culture such as traditional vegetable medicine. Although schools have limited resources for teaching local wisdom through books, students' preference for mobile learning requires a more flexible and practical approach, as seen from the use of Tambakboyo Reservoir's herbal diversity as website content. This research aims to determine the types of herbal plants in the Tambakboyo Reservoir and their suitability as learning media. This R&D research uses the ADDIE model which is limited to the development stage. There are 62 types of Indonesian herbal plants in Tambakboyo Reservoir. The results of reviews by material experts, media experts, practitioners, and student readability tests on the herbal plants website show that the media is declared appropriate and meets the assessment criteria and can then be continued with implementation.
Human pregnancy and birth: The enrichment of a booklet with medicinal plants for postpartum wellness
Authors: Hartika Wiwik , Panjaitan Ruqiah Ganda Putri , Tenriawaru Andi Besse
Published: March 2024

The complexity of the reproductive system necessitates instructional media to facilitate comprehension, as its processes unfold internally and are not readily observable. This study aims to assess the viability of booklet sub-materials on fertilization, gestation, and childbirth, derived from the inventory findings of medicinal plants for postpartum care, as educational resources. The research and development used the Borg & Gall model which included identifying potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, and product revision. The booklet media underwent validation by five validators using validation sheets, while the evaluation criteria encompassed format, content, and language proficiency. The validation data were analyzed using CVR (Content Validity Ratio) and CVI (Content Validity Index). The results of the booklet media validation obtained a CVR value on each criterion of 1.00 with a valid category and a CVI value of 1.00 with a valid category. The booklet on the subject of gestational fertilization and childbirth from the results of the inventory of medicinal plants for postpartum is suitable for use as a learning media.
Innovating sustainable agriculture: Perspectives from economy and biology professionals
Authors: Malau Albert Gamot , Malau April Gunawan , Simanjuntak Marudut Bernadtua
Published: March 2024

In the realm of agricultural development, the pursuit of sustainability stands as a paramount objective, necessitating an integration of multifaceted expertise from diverse disciplines. Amidst this pursuit, understanding the perspectives of professionals in both the realms of economy and biology becomes imperative, serving as a cornerstone for innovative strategies. This study examines the viewpoints of economy and biology professionals on multidisciplinary innovations for sustainable agricultural development. Through qualitative analysis of interviews and focus groups, the research identifies key themes and challenges. Participants recognise the need for integrating diverse disciplines to address agricultural sustainability, emphasising the importance of economic viability and technological innovation. However, barriers such as high costs and limited access to resources hinder widespread adoption. Policy recommendations include incentivising sustainable practices and fostering collaboration between stakeholders. The results underscore the significance of multidisciplinary approaches in advancing sustainable agriculture, with implications for policy and practice.
PREDIKSI PENJUALAN HT MOTOROLA XIR C2660 MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA SUPPORT VECTOR REGRESSION (STUDI KASUS: CV. ALFACOMS)
Authors: Wildwina  , Ryan Putranda Kristianto
Published: March 2024

Dalam melaksanakan sebuah usaha yang bergerak dibidang penjualan barang, prediksi menjadi sangat dibutuhkan. Prediksi menjadi sangat dibutuhkan karena dengan melakukan sebuah prediksi dapat membantu untuk melakukan peramalan tentang apa yang akan terjadi dimasa yang akan datang sehingga dapat meminimalisir resiko yang akan terjadi sekecil mungkin. Dalam penelitian ini berfokus pada prediksi penjualan ditahun 2023 pada merek HT Motorola XiR C2660 menggunakan algoritma SVR (support vector regression) dan menggunakan pengujian parameter kernel jenis linear dan c(cost) dengan nilai uji 0.1. Untuk memperoleh jenis parameter dan nilai uji paramater yakni menggunakan teknik GridSearchCV. Selain itu penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian nilai eror dengan mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Maka diperolehlah hasil prediksi penjualan HT Motorola XiR C2660 tahun 2023 dengan algoritma SVR ditahun 2023 terjual sebanyak 209 unit dengan nilai eror sebesar 11.23% yang berarti kemampuan peramalan dengan algoritma SVR adalah baik.