bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Merchandise Testing with Limited Inventory
Authors: Chen Li , Mersereau Adam J. , Wang Zhe (Frank)
Published: May 2017

We consider the allocation of inventory to stores in a “merchandise test,” whereby a fashion retailer deploys a new product to stores in limited quantities in order to learn about demand prior to the main selling season. Our problem formulation includes practical considerations like fixed costs and multiperiod inventory considerations but is challenging to analyze directly. Instead, we take a bounding approach that isolates the novel aspect of our problem: the impact of test inventory allocation on demand learning. We specifically examine a trade-off between the quantity of stores tested and the quality of observations, which can be impacted by demand censoring due to inventory stockouts. We find that the visibility into the timing of each sales transaction has a pivotal impact on the allocation decisions that optimize learning. When such timing information is unobservable, the retailer may need to consolidate inventory in few stores to increase service levels during the test and thereby to minimize the negative impacts of demand censoring. When sales timing information is observable, the retailer optimizes learning by maximizing the number of sales during the test period without regard to stockouts in individual stores. In a numerical study, we show that heuristics motivated by our analyses are near optimal and that inefficient allocations can considerably reduce the learning value of the merchandise test. We also examine the interplay between the retailer’s learning incentive and the natural incentives brought by fixed costs and profits earned during the test itself. We find that it is sufficient for the retailer to consider only the learning incentive when the main selling period is relatively long compared with the testing period.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1596 .
Pet owners and the internet
Authors: Oxley James A , Eastwood Bronwen , Kogan Lori R
Published: May 2017

Pet owners commonly look online for information on their pet's health, and may access poor-quality information. It may be beneficial therefore for veterinary practices to provide ‘information prescriptions’ to steer clients towards those online information sources that provide better-quality information.
Low-cost private schools
Authors: Trafford Bernard
Published: May 2017

Suggestions that firms are keen to set-up low-cost private schools in the UK has raised a few eyebrows. Dr Bernard Trafford is sceptical
The Feedback FREND: An aid to a more formative WBA dialogue
Authors: Bussey Maria , Griffiths Gareth
Published: May 2017

The second part of a two-stage qualitative enquiry aimed at making workplace-based assessment a more intuitive and productive process.
Nesting habits of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in forest fragments associated with anthropic areas in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Tamires Camila Talamonte , Souza Marcos Magalhaes , Pires Epifânio Porfiro
Published: May 2017

The community of social wasps and the substrates used for nesting were studied in anthropic environments associated with areas of natural vegetation in the period of March to September of 2015. Three hundred and forty-seven (347) colonies belonging to eighteen (18) species distributed in six genera were recorded. The species with the highest number of colonies were Mischocyttarus cassununga (R. Von Ilhering, 1903) (194 colonies), Mischocyttarus cerberus (Richards, 1940) (50 colonies) and Polybia Paulista (H. Von Ilhering, 1896) (23 colonies). For other species, the record ranged from one to eighteen colonies.
Opportunistic Strategies for Capture and Storage of Prey of Two Species of Social Wasps of the Genus Polybia Lepeletier (Vespidae, Polistinae, Epiponini)
Authors: Michelutti Kamylla Balbuena , Soares Eva Ramona Pereira , Prezoto Fabio , Antonialli-Junior William Fernando
Published: May 2017

The foraging activity in social wasps is complex behavior that involves the ability to locate and transport the resources necessary for the colony. The activity is opportunistic and generalist, sometimes adapting to the availability of the resources when the colonies are exposed to critical environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the opportunistic behavior of two species of wasps of the genus Polybia for the capture and storage of prey in the form of flights of winged. Five colonies of Polybia occidentalis (Olivier) and two colonies of Polybia paulista (L.) were collected. Six of them contained stored winged of termites, and one contained winged of ants. The results indicated that these two species practice an opportunistic foraging strategy and are able to store large quantities of protein resources in their colonies.
Morphometric diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Iranian honey bee (Apis mellifera meda Skorikow, 1829) populations using morphological characters
Authors: Rahimi Ata , Mirmoayedi Alinaghi , Kahrizi Danial , Zarei Leila , Jamali Samad
Published: May 2017

In this study, the morphometric diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Iranian honey bee populations, were investigated using 14 morphometric characteristics. A total of 2250 young adult worker bees from 20 different populations in 20 different provinces of Iran were collected during June to October 2014. The results of nested analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (P<0.01) between the provinces for all analyzed morphometric traits indicating the existence of a diversity among them. Correlation coefficient analysis showed a high degree of association among the most of the traits. This correlation coefficient should be a putative mean to improve of certain characters in breeding of honey bee. Principal component analysis revealed three principal components explained 81.5% of the total variation. Cluster analysis using WARD method classified honey bee populations into two main groups. The first group includes the honey bees collected from North, Northwest and West portions of Iran. The second group was represented by the honey bees from Eastern North, Central and Southern regions of Iran. The phylogenetic tree based on UPGMA method divided 29 subspecies of honey bee to 5 distinct clusters. The Iranian subspecies honey bee composed of a shared clade with subspecies of Eastern Mediterranean, Near East and Eastern parts of Middle East (O branch).
Duration and dose of antiepileptic drugs and serum calcium levels in children
Authors: Atmasari Arinta , Dewi Masayu Rita , Aditiawati Aditiawati , Saleh Masagus Irsan
Published: May 2017

Background Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may affect calcium metabolism through several mechanisms. Much evidence has confirmed that carbamazepine and valproic acid, as the most widely used AEDs in epileptic children, leads to decreased serum calcium levels. This effect was suggested to be time and dose dependent. However, correlations between AEDs and calcium levels in Indonesian epileptic children have not been well studied.Objective To investigate possible correlations between total calcium levels and durations of therapy as well as doses of carbamazepine and valproic acid.Methods This analytical, cross-sectional study was performed from March to May 2015 in the Neuropediatric Outpatient Ward of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatera. A total of 60 epileptic children taking carbamazepine and or valproic acid monotherapy were included and grouped accordingly. A single blood test was done for every participant to measure total serum calcium level. Correlation between daily dose or duration of AED with calcium level was assess using the Spearman-rho test.Results The mean total serum calcium levels in the carbamazepine and valproic acid groups were 9.48 (SD 0.83) mg/dL and 9.58 (SD 0.63) mg/dL, respectively. There was a statistically significant moderate correlation between the duration of carbamazepine therapy and total calcium level (r = 0.36; P=0.001). The cut-off point for duration of therapy was 23 months. There were no significant correlations between total calcium level and mean daily carbamazepine dose, nor between total calcium level and duration and dose of valproic acid therapy.Conclusion Longer duration of carbamazepine therapy is associated with low total serum calcium level, but carbamazepine dose is not. In addition, duration and dose of valproic acid are not associated with low total serum calcium level.
A hematologic scoring system and C-reactive protein compared to blood cultures for diagnosing bacterial neonatal sepsis
Authors: Liestiadi Deddy Eka Febri , Azlin Emil , Nafianti Selvi
Published: May 2017

Background Neonatal sepsis is the leading cause of death after pneumonia. Definitive bacterial sepsis diagnoses are made by blood culture results, which require a lengthy time. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and a hematologic scoring system by Rodwell et al. are rapid tests that may be useful for diagnosing neonatal sepsis.                 Objective To determine the diagnostic value of CRP measurement and a hematologic scoring system compared to blood culture as the gold standard for diagnosing neonatal sepsis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to August 2015 in the Neonatology Ward of Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. A total of 43 neonates who were clinically suspected to have sepsis underwent CRP, hematologic scoring, and blood cultures. The IT ratio and procalcitonin indices were also examined. Diagnostic values were analyzed by a 2x2 table.Results Fourteen percent from all sample had positive bacterial culture. The CRP measurements had a sensitivity of 92.8%, specificity of 62%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 54.1%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 94.7%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of 2.44, and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of 0.11. The hematologic scoring system had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 82.7%, PPV of 73.6%, NPV of 100%, PLR of 5.78, and NLR of 0. Procalcitonin and IT ratio show a good value of sensitivity and NPV, respectively. Conclusion The hematologic scoring system has better specificity than CRP measurement as compared to blood culture. However, both tests have good sensitivity for diagnosing neonatal sepsis.
Effect of oral administration of probiotics on intestinal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria in preterm infants
Authors: Kurt Abdullah , Ince Deniz Anuk , Ecevit Ayşe , Azap Özlem Kurt , Ecevit Zafer , Öğüş Ersin , Tuğcu Ali Ulaş , Tarcan Aylin
Published: May 2017

Background Oral administration of probiotics in newborn preterm infants has been shown to be helpful, especially ın reducıng the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and overall mortality rates.Objective To evaluate the effect of probıotıc supplementation on ıntestınal colonization by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in preterm infants receiving antibiotics in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods The prospective, randomized trial was performed ın preterm infants who were hospitalized in the NICU at Baskent University Ankara Hospital between January 2011 and February 2012. A total of 51 infants were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 (n=27) received probiotic therapy and Group 2 (n=24) did not receive probiotics. The probiotic used was Lactobacillus reuteri (Biogaia® AB, Sweden).  Subjects underwent weekly nasal swab and stool cultures for a maxımum of 6 weeks, and at the tıme of dıscharge ıf thıs was prıor to 6 weeks. All posıtıve cultures were further tested for culture-specıfıc ıdentıfıcatıon and antıbıotıc suceptibility.Results  A total of 607 cultures were evaluated. Posıtıve cultures were found ın 37.9% from Group 1 and 35.2% from Group 2. Intestınal colonızatıon by antıbıotıc-resıstant bacterıa dıd not sıgnıfıcantly dıffer between groups (P>0.05).                                                                                                                          Conclusions Oral supplementation with probiotics do not prevent the intestınal colonization of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in preterm NICU patıents who receıved antıbıotıc treatment.
HYBRID FINITE-DISCRETE ELEMENT MODELLING OF BLAST-INDUCED EXCAVATION DAMAGED ZONE IN THE TOP-HEADING OF DEEP TUNNELS
Authors: An Huaming , Liu Hongyuan , Wang Xuguang , Shi Jianjun , Han Haoyu
Published: May 2017

A hybrid finite-discrete element method (FEM/DEM) is introduced to model the excavation damage zone induced by blast in a deep tunnel. The key components of the hybrid finite-discrete element method, i.e. transition from continuum to discontinuum through fracture and fragmentation, and detonation-induced gas expansion and flow through fracturing rock, are introduced in detail. The stress and crack initiation and propagation of an uniaxial compression test is then modelled by the proposed method and compared with those well documented in literature to calibrate the hybrid FEM/DEM. The modelled stress-loading displacement curve presents a typical failure process of brittle materials. The calibrated method is then used to model the stress and crack initiation and propagation induced by blast for the last step of excavation in a deep tunnel. A separation contour, which connects the borehole through the radial cracks from each borehole, is observed during the excavation process. The newly formed tunnel wall is produced and the main components of excavation damage zone (EDZ) are obtained. Therefore, the proposed treatment has the capabilities of modelling blast-induced EDZ and rock failure process. It is concluded that the hybrid FEM/DEM is a valuable numerical tool for studying excavation damage zone in terms of crack initiation and propagation and stress distribution.
Managing Status: How Luxury Brands Shape Class Subjectivities in the Service Encounter
Authors: Dion Delphine , Borraz Stéphane
Published: May 2017

Although a large body of research has investigated how consumers use goods to signal their status, little is known about how brands manage status. The very few studies that have examined this topic are grounded in the traditional conception of status and focus on the possession and display of status signals. The authors offer an alternative understanding of status management by investigating the role of interactions in the service encounter. Drawing from extensive ethnographic work in luxury stores, they investigate how brands (re)configure the status games that surface in the service encounter. They show that through the material and social cues of the servicescape, brands shape consumers’ class subjectivities—that is, they make consumers behave as class subjects who have a specific understanding of their position in the social hierarchy. Thus, managing status requires the active creation and management of consumers as class subjects. There is a shift from managing branded goods that signal status to managing customer experiences that make consumers enact status positions. This research helps identify new ways to manage status brands, especially luxury brands.
Comparative Price and the Design of Effective Product Communications
Authors: Allard Thomas , Griffin Dale
Published: May 2017

The authors propose a model relating a product's comparative price to the construal level of its associated communications and show how perceived expensiveness shapes consumers’ response to the wording of marketing communications. A series of six studies shows that for both absolute low- and high-cost product categories, comparatively expensive (inexpensive) products are preferred when accompanied by high-construal (low-construal) messages, due to the conceptual fluency of the “match” between price-induced psychological distance and construal level. The model provides novel implications for designing effective marketing communications: comparatively expensive versions of objectively low-priced products (e.g., an expensive chocolate truffle) are best promoted through more abstract slogans, whereas comparatively affordable versions of objectively high-priced products (e.g., an inexpensive diamond pendant) are best promoted using more concrete slogans. By emphasizing the link between comparative price and the matching level of construal, the authors contribute to a richer view of the interplay between price and product communication in marketing.
Implicit and Explicit Memory Factors in Cumulative Structural Priming
Authors: Kutta Timothy J. , Kaschak Michael P. , Porcellini Angela , Jones John L.
Published: May 2017

Although researchers have argued that short-term structural priming is driven by both implicit and explicit memory processes, accounts of longer-term structural priming tend to focus on implicit memory processes. We explore this claim in five experiments. In the first two experiments, we replicate the finding that stronger cumulative structural priming is observed for the prepositional object (PO) construction than for the double object (DO) construction. The next three experiments explore the possibility that explicit memory effects may contribute to cumulative priming. The results of these experiments suggest that any explicit memory effects on cumulative priming are likely to be very weak. We conclude by conducting an analysis across all 5 experiments, and find that an examination of individual participants’ base rates of DO production helps to explain the circumstances under which cumulative priming for the DO and PO will be observed.
A Reappraisal of Vietnamese Buddhism’s Status as “Ethnic”
Authors: Soucy Alexander
Published: May 2017

In writings of Buddhism in the West, Vietnamese Buddhists have often been pigeonholed as bringing their Buddhism with them like baggage and replicating the practices of their native land. This paper problematizes this characterization by looking more closely at the way that Vietnamese Buddhism has been reconstructed in the diasporic context. I argue that many of the leading figures of this process were, in fact, heavily influenced by intra-Asian and Transpacific reformist trends and engaged in activist movements in southern Vietnam, rather than coming from “traditional’ Buddhist backgrounds. Furthermore, the orientations that they brought were the product of dialogues with other reform movements in Asia that started earlier in the nineteenth century and were, in turn, a result of the colonial encounter. Therefore, rather than a single transference from East to West, what actually took place was a multi-nodal and multidimensional conversation between Asian reformers from different countries and traditions, Western scholars, and Western converts to Buddhism. Consequently, what has been established in the West by Vietnamese is not simply an adaptation of Vietnamese traditional Buddhism to a Western context, but the creation of a new, invented tradition that we can call Vietnamese Transnational Buddhism.
Quán Thế Âm of the Transpacific
Authors: Truitt Allison
Published: May 2017

Bodhisattvas are an essential element of the Pure Land branch of Mahayana Buddhism practiced in Vietnam and its diaspora. Many Vietnamese lovingly refer to Bodhisattva Quán Thế Âm as a “gentle mother,” and the circulation of her name and image constitutes a spiritual geography of the transpacific in distinctly Buddhist terms. Through a reading of two miracle tales, I argue that Quán Thế Âm mediates the divergent histories of Vietnamese refugees without dissolving the historical structures of difference that separate the diaspora from the homeland. Devotion to the bodhisattva should thus not be seen only in terms of Mahayana doctrine but also as the embodiment of an alternative ethics of how Vietnamese refugees make sense of their place in the aftermath of war.
L'influenza di Anassagora sull'oratoria di Pericle*
Authors: Gemin Marco
Published: May 2017

Pericles is said to have been affected by Anaxagoras and therefore having improved his speaking skills. A generic influence of philosophical studies is usually supposed but there may be a more specific reason: it was possible to interpret the works of meteorologoi in a limited way, strictly rhetorical, renouncing cosmological speculation but acquiring an effective instrument of persuasion. Some anecdotes in Pericles' life help to understand how this philosophy was translated into political action. Anaxagoras not only improved Pericles' speaking skills but also provided a model of behaviour for any contingency.
Fam60a defines a variant Sin3a‐Hdac complex in embryonic stem cells required for self‐renewal
Authors: Streubel Gundula , Fitzpatrick Darren J , Oliviero Giorgio , Scelfo Andrea , Moran Bruce , Das Sudipto , Munawar Nayla , Watson Ariane , Wynne Kieran , Negri Gian Luca , Dillon Eugene T , Jammula SriGanesh , Hokamp Karsten , O'Connor Darran P , Pasini Diego , Cagney Gerard , Bracken Adrian P
Published: May 2017

Sin3a is the central scaffold protein of the prototypical Hdac1/2 chromatin repressor complex, crucially required during early embryonic development for the growth of pluripotent cells of the inner cell mass. Here, we compare the composition of the Sin3a‐Hdac complex between pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) and differentiated cells by establishing a method that couples two independent endogenous immunoprecipitations with quantitative mass spectrometry. We define the precise composition of the Sin3a complex in multiple cell types and identify the Fam60a subunit as a key defining feature of a variant Sin3a complex present in ES cells, which also contains Ogt and Tet1. Fam60a binds on H3K4me3‐positive promoters in ES cells, together with Ogt, Tet1 and Sin3a, and is essential to maintain the complex on chromatin. Finally, we show that depletion of Fam60a phenocopies the loss of Sin3a, leading to reduced proliferation, an extended G1‐phase and the deregulation of lineage genes. Taken together, Fam60a is an essential core subunit of a variant Sin3a complex in ES cells that is required to promote rapid proliferation and prevent unscheduled differentiation.
The Tale of Two Teachers’ Use of Prompts in Mathematical Discussions
Authors:   Kent State University, W. Kosko Karl , Gao Yang ,   Kent State University
Published: May 2017

Facilitating mathematical discussions has consistently been identified as beneficial to students’ mathematical learning, with teachers’ use of questioning a primary identifier of appropriate facilitation. Although many teachers report familiarity with appropriate questioning techniques, we hypothesized that some teachers may not work in contexts where they can implement what they understand as best practices in their classroom. To explore this potential interaction, two primary teachers with similar dispositions towards mathematics pedagogy, but dissimilar institutional obligations were observed over a 10-week period. The types and frequencies of teachers’ questioning and their students’ responses during whole class mathematical discussions were observed. Despite both teachers holding similar conceptions of and dispositions towards facilitating mathematical discussion, the effectiveness of teachers’ various prompts in eliciting students’ mathematical descriptions was substantially different. Findings suggest that differences in the respective teachers’ institutional obligations may have affected the effectiveness of one teacher’s probing questions.
Pyonephrosis caused by Salmonella sp. in a patient with polycystic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Rampelotto Roberta Filipini , Bertazzo Talita , Weis Guilherme Lopes , De Jesus Paulo Roberto , Vargas Mariane , Meneghetti Betina , Forno Nara Lucia Dal , Sala Adenilde , Hörner Rosmari
Published: May 2017

*** Pyonephrosis caused by Salmonella sp. in a patient with polycystic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis ***AIMS: This article reports a case of pyonephrosis caused by Salmonella sp. in a patient with polycystic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis treatment.CASE DESCRIPTION: An elderly male patient previously diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease undergoing standard hemodyalitic treatment presented uronephrosis, evolving to pyonephrosis caused by Salmonella sp., and was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin.CONCLUSIONS: The polycystic kidney disease may have contributed to the bacteria’s attachment to the kidney, due to increase of permeability of the intestinal mucosa, easier bacterial translocation to bloodstream and its subsequent accommodation in the infected organ.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE MAIN PELAGIC SPECIES EXPLOITED IN THE JAVA SEA: STOCK EVALUATION
Authors: Sadhotomo Bambang
Published: May 2017

This study was based on length composition data collected from purse seine fleets operating in the Java Sea, and aimed to elaborate the state ofthe stock of the main species.
CATCHABILITY DIFFERENCE OF GILL NET AND COLLAPSIBLE BAITED POT FOR JAPANESE ROCK CRAB
Authors: Lskandar Dahri , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Shiode Daisuke , Hu Fuxiang , Tokai Tadashi
Published: May 2017

The objective of this experiment is to know the catchabjlity of gill net and collapsible baited pot on Japanese rock crab. Result shows that gillnet caught more than twenty species other than Japanese rock crab.
SPECIES COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION, AND POTENTIAL YIELD OF DEEP SEA SHRIMP RESOURCES IN THE WESTERN SUMATERA OF THE INDIAN OCEAN EEZ OF INDONESIAN WATERS
Authors: Suman Ali , Wudianto Wudianto , Bintoro Gatut
Published: May 2017

study on the catch composition, distribution and potential yield of deep sea shrimp in the westem off sumarera waters was conducled on June to July 2005 using RV Baruna Jaya lV with trawl net. This study was basicarry caffied out by emproying swept area method
Perspektywy dla dziewic konsekrowanych żyjących w świecie wynikające z duchowości monastycznej
Authors: Stypułkowska Beata
Published: May 2017

W niniejszym artykule została podjęta refleksja nad teraźniejszością dziewic konsekrowanych. Po przedstawieniu specyfiki dziewic konsekrowanych żyjących w świecie została ukazana charakterystyka duchowości monastycznej, ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na brak drugorzędnego celu, uprzywilejowane miejsce modlitwy w życiu mniszym, realizowanej w dwóch formach: modlitwy liturgicznej oraz modlitwy prywatnej, stałość życia we wspólnocie i utrzymywanie się z własnej pracy. Zostało jeszcze zasygnalizowane zagadnienie teologii monastycznej. Wszystkie te aspekty były rozpatrywane w kontekście dziewic konsekrowanych.W części poświęconej modlitwie dziewic konsekrowanych została omówiona modlitwa liturgiczna (msza święta, spowiedź i kierownictwo duchowe, liturgia godzin) i modlitwa prywatna (adoracja Najświętszego Sakramentu, czytanie Pisma Świętego i rozmyślanie, specjalne nabożeństwo do Maryi).Całość artykułu kończą sugestie dla dziewic konsekrowanych inspirowane duchowością monastyczną.
Zmysły duchowe w duchowości chrześcijańskiej
Authors: Zyzak Wojciech
Published: May 2017

Autor próbuje usystematyzować poglądy chrześcijańskich autorów na temat zmysłów duchowych. Przedstawia teologiczne podstawy teorii zmysłów duchowych, poglądy na ich istnienie, liczbę, hierarchię ważności, naturę i przedmiot. Opiera się głównie na danych Pisma Świętego, ojców Kościoła oraz najważniejszych teologów zajmujących się tym zagadnieniem.
Papieska elekcja i posługa w dokumentach soboru we Florencji
Authors: Medwid Wojciech
Published: May 2017

Artykuł ma na celu odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w jaki sposób sobór florencki zdefiniował wybór papieża, jego kompetencje i znaczenie przewodnictwa Kościołowi oraz jak papieska funkcja wpłynęła na przezwyciężenie koncyliaryzmu. Sobór pokazał przewodnią rolę papieża nad Kościołem powszechnym i określił konkretne zadania i priorytety biskupa Rzymu oraz procedury jego wyboru. W przypadku wakatu w Stolicy Apostolskiej, który powstałby w trakcie obrad soborowych, wybór nowego biskupa Rzymu miał mieć miejsce tam, gdzie obradują ojcowie. Przed wejściem na konklawe elektorzy mieli złożyć przysięgę Bogu i Kościołowi. Papież jest pierwszym i najwyższym pasterzem owczarni Chrystusa i dlatego musi być osobą zatroskaną o zbawienie wszystkich dusz i o pożytek dla całego świata chrześcijańskiego. Biskup Rzymu ma zdecydowanie wyznawać i zachować wiarę katolicką, według tradycji apostolskiej, soborów powszechnych i świętych ojców. Papież musi być świadomy swojej funkcji i gotowy do największych poświęceń w służbie Bogu i wiernym. Ma także dbać o prowadzenie i kierowanie na drogę zbawienia duchowieństwa i ludu rzymskiego oraz musi naprawiać i usuwać wszystko, co może być skażone symonią lub konkubinatem. Papież nie może kierować się więzami pokrewieństwa, ma być dostępny dla wiernych.
The legislation of emperor Justinian (527–565) and its reception in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic space
Authors: Mititelu Cătălina
Published: May 2017

From this study, the reader will find out that the reception of the Roman Law, and especially of the old Roman Law (ius antiquum) – consisting of the utterances of Roman jurists about Law and its nature etc. – in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic space, went through a new phase during Justinian (527–565), who actually managed to master a part of the north-Danubian territory. Both the old “Law of the Land” and the “Nomocanons” (Pravila), which contain elements of Roman and Byzantine Law, and also of customary law, confirm that Justinian’s legislation – accompanied by comments by the great jurists of the time – was also disseminated in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic space.
Combinatorial approach to the synthesis of substituted 1,2,4-triazines
Authors: Kozhevnikov D. N. , Kozhevnikov V. N.
Published: May 2017

This article describes a convenient and easy method of substitution of thenitrile group in 5-cyano-1,2,4-triazines with the aim of obtaining of libraries ofsubstituted 1,2,4-triazines (about 500 compounds).
Determinação da viscosidade por meio da velocidade terminal: uso da força de arrasto com termo quadrático na velocidade
Authors: Vertchenko Lev , Vertchenko Larissa
Published: May 2017

Propomos a correção, por um fator adimensional, do termo quadrático na velocidade da força de arrasto de Oseen para que ela seja usada na determinação do coeficiente de viscosidade da glicerina através da medição da velocidade terminal de esferas em queda dentro do fluido. Esse fator incorpora o efeito da parede do recipiente sobre o movimento das esferas, analogamente à correção da força de Stokes pelo fator de Ladenburg, e permite compatibilizar a força de Oseen com os dados experimentais do coeficiente de arrasto até números de Reynolds próximos a 30. Admitindo uma relação de proporcionalidade entre esses fatores, o coeficiente de viscosidade passa a ser o coeficiente linear na relação entre a viscosidade que seria obtida se fosse considerada apenas a força de Stokes e o produto da velocidade terminal pelo diâmetro das esferas. A experiência com esferas de aço em queda dentro de tubos de diferentes diâmetros forneceu valores para o coeficiente de viscosidade compatíveis com a temperatura em que se trabalhou. Esse método pôde ser aplicado até números de Reynolds da ordem da dezena, relaxando a restrição de se trabalhar com números de Reynolds inferiores a 0,5 na determinação da viscosidade através do método de Stokes.
Perguntas em sala no ensino médio: observando o pôr do sol em um elevador panorâmico
Authors: Ribeiro Jair Lúcio Prados
Published: May 2017

O artigo apresenta uma solução algébrica e gráfica para uma pergunta elaborada por um estudante de ensino médio durante uma aula de óptica, acerca da velocidade que um elevador panorâmico deveria ter para que uma pessoa em seu interior pudesse observar o pôr do sol continuamente. Argumenta-se que perguntas que ofereçam digressões aos temas discutidos em uma aula oferecem oportunidades para a aprendizagem de ciências, na medida em que podem permitir o desenvolvimento de habilidades como teste de hipóteses, construção de modelos, raciocínio interdisciplinar e experiências de pensamento.
A review of construction waste management practices on selected case studies in Ireland
Authors: Kelly Mark , Dowd Donall
Published: May 2017

To date, the construction and demolition waste research in Ireland has focused on end-of-pipe solutions by investigating the development of processing infrastructure, the generation of waste production indicators and the evaluation of different audit methodologies. This paper takes a more novel approach by examining the implementation of waste reduction strategies during the design and construction phases of two selected case studies, through a close collaboration with the industry (Scott Tallon Walker Architects and John Sisk and Son Building Contractors). These original findings suggest that both the design and construction phases do offer significant waste reduction opportunities through the reuse of existing sites, minimisation of excavation works where possible, preparation of site waste management and subcontractor waste minimisation plans, setting of waste targets, application of design ‘freezes’ where appropriate, use of low waste technologies, use of materials optimisation in selected work packages, the use of off-site construction techniques, use of a mini-skip distribution network and source segregation and through the reuse of waste materials on site where possible.
An Exploratory Study on Factors Affecting the Behavioral Intentions of Potential Users of the Sharing Economy: An Application of the Extended Model of Goal-Directed Behavior
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Ye-Jin , Yoon Ji-Hwan
Published: May 2017

The development of information and communication technology has evolved into a sharing economy as a global trend. Shared economy users are increasing at an extremely fast rate especially in relation to the tourism and hospitality industry. Despite such growth, the number of users not-yet a part of the shared economy still outweighs the users by far. Therefore, this study aims at understanding the decision-making processes of potential users throughout the sharing economy, in particular Airbnb. To achieve this, a survey methodology was implemented based on a Model of Goal-directed Behavior. In addition, this study analyzed the concept of perceived risk and divided this concept into platform risk and host risk. The results indicate that attitude, subjective norms, and positive/negative anticipated emotions all positively affect the intention to use Airbnb via desire. In respect to perceived risks, platform risk positively influences host risk and negatively influences the intention to use Airnb. In addition, host risk negatively influences desire. This study explicates how our approach improves the understanding of the potential for the further development of the sharing economy market.
The Effects of Leisure Activities on Prisoners’ Violence Reducing Behavior, Social Skills-Cultivation and Self-Control at Correctional Institute
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Park Joung-Koo
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of prisoners’ participation in leisure activities at the correctional institute on their positive-psychological behaviors such as violence reduction, social skills-cultivation and self-control improvement. Data were collected from 160 male inmates at two correctional institutes. Three statistical analyses (i.e., t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression) were utilized in this study. The results indicated that the lowest violence inclination was found in the group with participation in the leisure activities, followed by the group with meditation/religious participation. Results also revealed that the highest prisoner’s social skill cultivating effort was observed in the group with the ground leisure activities (such as running the track, chin-up, and muscle building workout at the ground) followed by the group with watching a movie or tv, whereas self-control improvement was the highest in the group with activities related to meditation/religious participation. This study also found that the prisoners’ highest satisfaction score was found through participating in the ground leisure activities, followed by watching a movie and meditation/religious participation. Finally it was found that the prisoner’s active participation in the leisure activities at the correctional facility was positively influencing their psychological behavior and wellbeing compared to discipline oriented lectures and educations.
A Study on the Equivalence of Mileage Accumulation and Deductions for the Airline Frequent Flyer Program: Focusing on the Accumulation of Points and the Use of Award Tickets on K Airlines
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Jeong Seon-Ja
Published: May 2017

The equivalence of airline mileage accrual and redemption has not been examined and so this study focused on the economic value of the system. The study compared the equivalence between the mileage earned upon boarding and the mileage used for issuing bonus tickets with the aim of finding ways to utilize FFP as a valid and valuable marketing technique. We studied K airline since it was the first civil airline in Korea and the first Asian airline to introduce FFP. In order to evaluate the equivalence at the time of accumulation, (1) comparisons were made between flights with the same grade but with different reservation grades, and (2) grades with different flights were compared. In order to check the equivalence of awarded tickets, we compared awarded tickets according to the destination and the period of use. Then, we compared member airlines of SKYTEAM and STAR ALLIANCE that fly to Korea and proposed an efficient plan for the airlines and members respectively. These two member airlines were selected because they are both leading airline alliance programs.
The Bengwenyama Trilogy: Constitutional Rights and the Fight for Prospecting on Community Land
Authors: Humby Tracy-Lynn
Published: May 2017

Although developments subsequent to the judgment have undermined the value of the decision for the community involved, the Constitutional Court's judgment in the Bengwenyama matter provides a welcome precedent on the provisions of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 that deal with the existence of an internal appeal, the nature of consultation with interested and affected parties, the role of environmental considerations in the granting of prospecting rights, and the procedural obligations of the DMR in relation to the community preferent right to prospect or mine. However, its deliberations on the duty to consult and particularly the procedural implications of the community preferent right to prospect do not go far enough into the dynamics underlying the implementation of the law, or tackle the problematic linkages between the MPRDA, the law relating to communal land tenure, and the processing of land claims.
Ruas para Pedestres em Centros Urbanos Consolidados: Análise dialógica
Authors: Boni Débora Maria Svizzero , Salcedo Rosio Fernández Baca
Published: May 2017

RESUMO Estudos demonstram que a qualidade dos espaços públicos em centros urbanos consolidados interferem no uso e frequência dos usuários. Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade do espaço público em ruas para pedestres em centros urbanos consolidados através do método dialógico, que relaciona o objeto de estudo com seu contexto, de acordo com sua identidade local, seguindo as dimensões física, social e simbólica. Os resultados confirmam que a perda de qualidade dos espaços públicos em centros urbanos consolidados tem relação direta com a perda de sua gênese e isso acarreta no desinteresse da população no seu uso, frequência e na degradação do espaço físico. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Arquitetura Dialógica. Espaço Público. Rua para Pedestres. Gênese. Lugar, cultura e memória.  ABSTRACT Studies show that the quality of public spaces in consolidated urban centers interfere with users' use and frequency. Objective: To evaluate the quality of public space in pedestrian streets in urban centers consolidated through the dialogical method, which relates the object of study to its context, according to its local identity, following the physical, social and symbolic dimensions. The results confirm that the loss of quality of public spaces in consolidated urban centers is directly related to the loss of its genesis, and this leads to the lack of interest of the population in its use, frequency and the degradation of physical space. KEY WORDS: Dialogical Architecture. Public Place. Pedestrian Street. Genesis. Place, culture and memory. RESUMEN Los estudios han demostrado que la calidad de los espacios públicos en los centros urbanos consolidados interfiere con el uso y la frecuencia de los usuarios. Evaluar la calidad del espacio público en las calles peatonales en los centros urbanos consolidados a través del método dialógico, que se refiere al objeto de estudio en su contexto, de acuerdo con su identidad local, siguiendo las dimensiones físicas, sociales y simbólicos. Los resultados confirman que la pérdida de calidad de los espacios públicos en los centros urbanos consolidados está directamente relacionada con la pérdida de su génesis y esto implica la falta de interés de la población en su uso, la frecuencia y la degradación del espacio físico. PALABRAS CLAVE: Arquitectura Dialógica. Espacio Público. Calle Peatonal. Génesis. Lugar, cultura y  memoria.
Women Empowerment: Analysis of the Role of Self Help Groups in Empowering Rural Women in Goa
Authors: Henriques Elizabeth Joey Joey
Published: May 2017

Self Help Groups have emerged as an important mechanism to bring about socio-economic change in society. Various studies indicate the positive impact that SHGs have had on employment generation, savings, incomes, poverty alleviation and women empowerment. The present study, based on primary data sourced from women members of SHGs located in the state of Goa is an attempt to understand the impact of group membership on its members, particularly women. An attempt has also been made to throw light on the pivotal role that the Self Help Group Promoting Agencies essay in realising the goal of women empowerment. The study also analyses the independence that women exhibit in taking decisions, be it in the economic or political domain.
Mannose-binding lectin deficiency in respiratory diseases
Authors: Tereshchenko S. Yu. , Kasparov E. V. , Smol'nikova M. V. , Kuvshinova E. V.
Published: May 2017

Mannosebinding lectin is a part of the innate immunity that, being the first barrier of the antiinfectious defense, acts in first minutes or hours after pathogen challenge. The review provides data about mechanisms of action of mannosebinding lectin and its particular pathogenic role in a wide range of respiratory diseases: bacterial pneumonia, viral respiratory tract infections, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma in adults and children.
Semi-quantification image methods for assessing severity of scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease according to computed tomography data
Authors: Lesnyak V. N. , Anan'eva L. P. , Koneva O. A. , Goryachev D. V. , Zvezdkina E. A. , Kochanova M. N. , Desinova O. V. , Ovsyannikova O. B. , Starovoytova M. N.
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study was to compare three semi-quantification scales for prospective assessment of scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease (SS-ILD) severity. Methods. From 110 prospectively followed patients with SS-ILD, we selected 12 patients (mean age, 42 ± 13 years, 11 females) with obvious improvement (n = 6) or worsening (n = 6) of lung lesions on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) during a year. The patients had diffuse (n = 7) or limited (n = 7) SS with mean length of the disease of 8.5 ± 6.7 years (range, 1 to 23 years). HRCT was done at baseline (inclusion in the study) and in a year. CT scans were quantitatively assessed by four radiologists including one experienced radiologist. A blinded analysis of HRCT scans was done using three scales: J.H.Warrick et al. (1991), A.U.Wells et al. (1997), and E.A.Kazerooni et al. (1997). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to evaluate the assessment reliability. T-test for independent samples was used to evaluate reproducibility of the assessments. Agreement between independent experts' opinions was evaluated using Kendall's rank correlation coefficient. Results. The measurements were significantly divergent between the radiologists, both for the baseline and the follow-up HRCT scans. ICCs for investigated radiological parameters were 0.56 to 0.76. The highest ICC (0.76) was obtained for A.U.Wells' scale. All scales used to assess HRCT scans had lower interoperator reproducibility. Conclusion. Combined use of currently available semi-quantification methods for follow-up assessment of HRCT in SS-ILD patients allowed thorough qualitative evaluation of lung lesions, but the reliability of the radiological parameters in detecting 1-year fibrosis progression in SS patients was low. The risk of significant interoperator bias limited the use of the radiological parameters in clinical trials of SS-ILD patients.
Current concepts of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: focus on biomarkers
Authors: Anaev E. Kh.
Published: May 2017

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis. In recent years, the development of international diagnostic criteria based on clinical, physiological, radiological, and histopathological appearances, improved diagnosis of IPF. However, currently available clinical data do not accurately predict the course of the disease, which can vary from a slowly progressing to rapidly progressive, and, in 5% of cases, is punctuated by episodes of rapid acute exacerbation. These challenges highlight the need for the development and validation of diagnostic biomarkers specific to IPF and prognostic biomarkers of future disease behavior to guide treatment decisions, including referral for transplant. The recent approval of pirfenidone and nintedanib and the identification of new potential therapeutic targets have created an urgent need for theragnostic markers, i.e. biomarkers able to assess, ideally at an early stage, therapeutic response to a given drug. This will avoid the side effects and increase efficacy of treatment. In addition, the currently available methods are not able to identify the IPF in the early stage to predict the course of disease, and to assess response to antifibrotic therapy. Recent advances in understanding the multiple interrelated pathogenic pathways underlying IPF have identified various molecular phenotypes resulting from complex interactions among genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, metabolic, and environmental factors. The development and validation of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are necessary to enable a more precise and earlier diagnosis of IPF and to improve prediction of future disease behavior.
What does it mean “to indulge patients?”
Authors: Botkin E. S.
Published: May 2017

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