bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Gene Family in Hybrid Tea Rose Under Drought Stress
Authors: Yan Xinyu , Huang Wei , Liu Cheng , Hao Xuan , Gao Chengye , Deng Minghua , Wen Jinfen
Published: November 2024

Drought stress is an important factor that reduces plant biomass production and quality. The APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) gene family is widely involved in biological processes such as plant growth, development, and stress response. However, the characteristics of the AP2/ERF gene family in hybrid tea rose (Rosa × hybrida) and their potential functions in responding to drought stress are still unclear. In the current study, 127 AP2/ERF genes were identified in hybrid tea rose. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the corresponding 127 AP2/ERF transcription factors belonged to five subfamilies. There was a large number of cis-acting elements in the AP2/ERF gene promoters related to regulation of stress response, growth and development. By examining the RNA sequencing data in the PlantExp database, the RhAP2/ERF genes exhibiting tissue-specific and stress-responsive expression in rose were identified. Furthermore, three candidate RhAP2/ERF genes (RhDREB36, RhERF59, and RhDREB44) that might participate in drought response were determined via qRT-PCR analysis in rose cultivars under drought treatment. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that RhDREB44 was located in the nucleus. These results provide a foundation for exploring the regulatory functions of RhAP2/ERF genes in the growth and development of roses, as well as for selecting key genes for future molecular breeding.
Impact of Dexmedetomidine-Based Opioid-Sparing Anesthesia on Opioid Use After Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Minju , Huh Jaewon , Choi Hoon , Hwang Wonjung
Published: November 2024

Background: Opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) using dexmedetomidine has gained attention as an alternative to opioid-based anesthesia (OBA) due to its potential to reduce opioid consumption and the associated side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine-based OSA on postoperative pain intensity, opioid consumption, and recovery outcomes in patients undergoing a minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. Methods: Eighty-four patients undergoing a minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum were randomized to either the OSA group, receiving dexmedetomidine, or the OBA group, receiving remifentanil. The primary outcome was the total amount of analgesics administered within 24 h postoperatively. The secondary outcomes included pain intensity and analgesic consumption over 48 h, recovery outcomes, intraoperative hemodynamics, and opioid-related complications. Results: The OFA group reported a significantly reduced total morphine-equivalent dose within 24 h (55.4 ± 31.1 mg vs. 80.2 ± 26.7 mg, p < 0.001) and lower VAS scores at 24 h (3.9 ± 1.5 vs. 5.4 ± 2.1, p < 0.001). Pain intensity was lower, and analgesic consumption was reduced in the OSA group 1–6, 6–24, and 24–48 h after surgery. Recovery times and intraoperative hemodynamics were comparable between the groups, with no significant differences in opioid-related complications. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine-based OSA effectively reduces postoperative pain and opioid use without compromising recovery or hemodynamic stability. These findings support its use as a viable alternative to OBA, particularly in the minimally invasive repair of the pectus excavatum.
A Modern Approach to Clinical Outcome Assessment in Allergy Management: Advantages of Allergen Exposure Chambers
Authors: Zemelka-Wiacek Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Allergic diseases triggered by airborne allergens such as allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis are increasingly prevalent, posing significant challenges for both patients and healthcare systems. Assessing the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy and other anti-allergic treatments requires precise and reproducible methods. Allergen exposure chambers (AECs) have emerged as advanced tools for evaluating clinical outcomes, offering controlled conditions that address many limitations of traditional field-based studies. This review explores the advantages of AECs in allergy management, emphasizing their role in providing standardized allergen exposure for both clinical research and routine assessments. AECs deliver consistent and reproducible data comparable to the nasal allergen challenge and natural allergen exposure, making them a valuable addition to the diagnosis and treatment effectiveness of allergic diseases. Although they are well suited to early-stage clinical trials, further standardization and validation are needed to gain broader acceptance in pivotal phase III studies. Future research should focus on refining AEC protocols and integrating them into regulatory frameworks, ensuring their role in the advancement of therapeutic approaches for allergic diseases.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Local Scour Around Bridge Foundations Based on an Improved Wall Shear Stress Model
Authors: Yu Peng , Xu Sheng , Chen Jiuchao , Zhu Lingke , Zhou Jiale , Yu Lie , Sun Zewen
Published: November 2024

Currently, there are two primary issues with CFD simulations of local scour around bridge foundations using the RANS method. Firstly, the self-sustaining characteristics of turbulent boundary conditions at the inlet require special attention. Secondly, the simulated location of the maximum scour depth does not align with experimental observations. This paper employs the RANS method to model the hydrodynamic characteristics surrounding bridge piers. The sediment transport model and sediment-sliding model, considering any slope of the riverbed, were adopted to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of local scour around the bridge foundation. Building on traditional methods and assuming local turbulence equilibrium, a self-sustaining model is theoretically derived. This model swiftly develops a balanced turbulent boundary layer, achieving a horizontally uniform flow field and effectively maintaining consistency between the inlet-given turbulent profile and physical reality. Additionally, by incorporating the velocity component of the downward-flow in front of the pier and the average shear stress around the pier into the excess shear stress model, the refined wall shear stress model accurately estimates the scouring contributions of the downward-flow and the horseshoe vortex system in this region. The numerical results including the maximum scour depth, location, and scour pit shape are consistent with experimental findings. The findings demonstrate that the numerical approach proposed in this study effectively addresses the issue of inadequate estimation of turbulent characteristics in scour pit at the leading edge of bridge piers using the RANS method. This method offers novel insights and approaches for addressing local scour issues in bridges and offshore wind turbines, as well as vortex-induced vibration issues in submarine pipelines.
Land Use Characteristics of Commuter Rail Station Areas and Their Impact on Station Ridership: A Case Study of Japan Railways in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Authors: Gao Yanan , Cui Xu , Sun Xiaozheng
Published: November 2024

Exploring the relationship between land use characteristics and ridership in railway station areas provides crucial decision-making support for station area planning. Previous research has mostly focused on subways, with a lack of studies on the land use characteristics and ridership of commuter rail stations, particularly in relation to the differences and impacts across various passenger catchment areas (PCAs). This study employed a multinomial logit model to evaluate the land use characteristics within 1000 m of Japan Railways (JR) stations in four different PCAs of the Tokyo metropolitan area (TMA). Additionally, regression models and a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model were used to analyze how land use characteristics in these PCAs affected station ridership. The key findings were as follows: (1) the land use characteristics around commuter rail stations exhibit distinct zonal patterns; within 250 m, public transport stops and public service facilities are the most densely concentrated; the highest residential population density is found between 250 and 750 m; and commercial facilities are mostly clustered in the 500 to 750 m range; (2) the impact of land use factors on ridership varies in intensity across different spatial zones; the density of public transport stops and street network density is most significant within 250 m, whereas commercial facility density is greatest within the 500–750 m PCA; (3) The land use characteristics within 500 m of stations have greater explanatory power for passenger flow, and the goodness of fit of the MGWR model surpasses that of the linear regression model.
The Effect of Cyclic Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 18CrNiMo7-6 Gear Steel
Authors: Liu Xin , Yu Wenchao , Che Hanlin , Zhang Jugan , Zhu Jiahao , Jiang Qingwei , Zhang Chi , Wang Maoqiu
Published: November 2024

To avoid grain coarsening resulting from high-temperature carburizing, the effects of cyclic quenching and tempering on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 18CrNiMo7-6 gear steel were investigated. Three groups of samples were compared, which went through 0/1/3 times of quenching–tempering cycles after initial pseudo-carburizing. The variations in grain size, hardness, tensile strength, and toughness were systematically assessed using a series of experimental techniques. The experimental results indicate that the austenite grain size decreases from 14.8 μm to 5.0 μm as the number of cycles increases, accompanied by improved grain uniformity, which is beneficial to fine-grain strengthening mechanisms. During the phase transition, defects in the original martensite structure are transferred to the newly formed austenite, with the energy stored during the martensitic-to-austenitic transformation driving the grain refinement process. However, after several cycles of quenching and tempering, the release of some residual stresses and dislocations reduces the driving force for recrystallization, limiting further grain refinement. Although the strength decreased slightly after three cycles due to a reduction in dislocation density, toughness increased to a maximum of 172 J/cm2, primarily due to the enhancement of grain refinement and grain boundary density, which effectively hindered crack propagation. This study confirms the efficacy of cyclic heat treatment in refining grain structure and improving both strength and toughness, thereby contributing valuable insights to the research and development of high-performance gear steels.
Numerical, Physical, and Industrial Investigations on Hot Metal Desulphurization—From Macromixing Conditions to Reaction Rate Phenomena
Authors: Cwudziński Adam , Falkus Jan , Podolska-Loska Angelika
Published: November 2024

The efficiency of the hot metal pretreatment process plays a very important role in achieving high-quality and low-cost advanced steel. From macromixing phenomena obtained by numerical modeling and physical experiments to compound interaction databases from industry trials, the Authors compared fundamental relationships from the literature with their own laboratory results and plant data. A simple numerical model based on the LES turbulence approach was well-validated by water modeling. Hence for a 300-ton ladle, the mixing time and mixing power were predicted. Finally, the mass transfer controlled rate was calculated based on a computational fluid dynamics model and thermodynamic model, which indicated results limitations. Moreover, from the industry data, it was found that the rate constant of the desulfurization process varies within a wide range, affecting the efficiency of the sulphur removal degree from values 0.6 to 0.98.
Optimal Feedback Rate for Multi-Antenna Maximum Ratio Transmission in Single-User MIMO Systems with One-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converters in Dense Cellular Networks
Authors: Lee Sungmin , Min Moonsik
Published: November 2024

Stochastic geometry has emerged as a powerful tool for modeling cellular networks, especially in dense deployment scenarios where inter-cell interference is significant. Previous studies have extensively analyzed multi-antenna systems with partial channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) using stochastic geometry models. However, most of these works assume the use of infinite-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the receivers. Recent advances in low-resolution ADCs, such as one-bit ADCs, offer an energy-efficient alternative for millimeter-wave systems, but the interplay between limited feedback and one-bit ADCs remains underexplored in such networks. This paper addresses this gap by analyzing the optimal feedback rate that maximizes net spectral efficiency in dense cellular networks, modeled using stochastic geometry, with both limited feedback and one-bit ADC receivers. We introduce an approximation of the achievable spectral efficiency to derive a differentiable expression of the optimal feedback rate. The results show that while the scaling behavior of the optimal feedback rate with respect to the channel coherence time remains unaffected by the ADC’s resolution, the absolute values are significantly lower for one-bit ADCs compared to infinite-resolution ADCs. Simulation results confirm the accuracy of our theoretical approximations and demonstrate the impact of ADC resolution on feedback rate optimization.
Genetic Risk Factors in Idiopathic and Non-Idiopathic Interstitial Lung Disease: Similarities and Differences
Authors: Cerri Stefania , Manzini Elisa , Nori Ottavia , Pacchetti Lucia , Rossi Laura , Turchiano Maria Giulia , Samarelli Anna Valeria , Raineri Giulia , Andrisani Dario , Gozzi Filippo , Beghè Bianca , Clini Enrico , Tonelli Roberto
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in genetics and epigenetics have provided critical insights into the pathogenesis of both idiopathic and non-idiopathic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Mutations in telomere-related genes and surfactant proteins have been linked to familial pulmonary fibrosis, while variants in MUC5B and TOLLIP increase the risk of ILD, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs such as miR-21 and miR-29, regulate fibrotic pathways, influencing disease onset and progression. Although no standardized genetic panel for ILD exists, understanding the interplay of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations could aid in the development of personalized therapeutic approaches. This review highlights the genetic and epigenetic factors driving ILD, emphasizing their potential for refining diagnosis and treatment.
Effect of Preoperative Oral Antibiotics for Prevention of Incisional Surgical Site Infection After Colorectal Surgery: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Nakanishi Ryo , Ozawa Heita , Toyota Naoyuki , Mise Minori , Fujita Shin
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Recent findings suggest that combining mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) and preoperative oral antibiotics (OAs) decreases the risk of incisional surgical site infections (iSSIs) in colorectal surgery; however, this finding remains controversial. This study examined the efficacy of OAs and MBP in colorectal surgery using propensity score matching (PSM). Materials and Methods: Between January 2015 and December 2020, 559 patients with colorectal tumors underwent MBP followed by colorectal surgery. The multivariate analysis used a COX proportional hazards model to extract risk factors for iSSI. PSM was performed to balance the impact of potential co-factors of OAs with MBP (OA) and MBP alone (non-OA) on superficial SSI incidence. Results: The multivariate analysis identified non-OA use as an independent risk factor for iSSIs (odds ratio [OR]: 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–4.88, p = 0.0112). After matching the cohort, both OA and non-OA groups were divided into 217 cases each. The incisional SSI rate was significantly lower in the OA group (n = 338) than in the non-OA group (1.61% vs. 5.07%; OR 3.4; 95% CI; 0.123–0.707; p = 0.0062). Conclusions: This study revealed that OAs with MBP markedly reduced SSI rates. OAs with MBP should be adopted in colorectal surgery.
Extraperitoneal Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy in Continuous Spinal Anesthesia: A New Approach to an Established Technique
Authors: Morselli Simone , Zavatti Laura , Ferrari Riccardo , Gatti Lorenzo , Micali Salvatore , Rabito Salvatore , Cindolo Luca , Ferrari Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: To prove the feasibility of continuous spinal extraperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (cseRALP) in order to expand the pool of eligible patients. Materials and Methods: According to IDEAL guidelines, a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent cseRALP was enrolled. Pre-, intra-, and post-operative data were collected, with particular focus on safety and oncological outcomes. Results: A total of three patients underwent this technique, with no intra- or post-operative medical complications. Only a grade 1 Clavien–Dindo complication was reported, small urinary leakage treated with an indwelling catheter. Oncological and functional results at month 3 were satisfactory, with no recurrence and no stress incontinence. Conclusions: cseRALP seems to be feasible and safe; further trials are mandatory.
TRAIL as a Warrior in Nano-Sized Trojan Horse: Anticancer and Anti-Metastatic Effects of Nano-Formulations of TRAIL in Cell Culture and Animal Model Studies
Authors: Farooqi Ammad Ahmad , Turgambayeva Assiya , Kamalbekova Gulnara , Suleimenova Roza , Latypova Natalya , Ospanova Sholpan , Ospanova Dinara , Abdikadyr Zhanat , Zhussupov Sabit
Published: December 2024

Cancer is a therapeutically challenging and genomically complicated disease. Pioneering studies have uncovered multifaceted aspects of cancer, ranging from intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and genetic/epigenetic mutations. Loss of apoptosis is another critical aspect that makes cancer cells resistant to death. A substantial fraction of mechanistic information gleaned from cutting-edge studies has enabled researchers to develop near-to-complete resolution of the apoptotic pathway. Within the exciting frontiers of apoptosis, TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) has garnered phenomenal appreciation by interdisciplinary researchers principally because of its unique capability to target cancer cells. TRAIL-based monotherapies and combinatorial therapies have reached phase II and phase III clinical trials. Rapidly upgrading the list of clinical trials substantiates the clinically valuable role of TRAIL-based therapeutics in cancer therapy. However, there is a growing concern about the poor bioavailability and rapid clearance of TRAIL-based therapeutics. Excitingly, the charismatic field of nanotechnology offers solutions for different problems, and we have witnessed remarkable breakthroughs in the efficacy of TRAIL-based therapeutics using nanotechnological approaches. In this review, we have attempted to provide a summary about different nanotechnologically assisted delivery methods for TRAIL-based therapeutics in cell culture studies and animal model studies for the inhibition/prevention of cancer.
Association Between Plasma ADAMTS-7 Levels and Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ganotopoulou Asimina , Korakas Emmanouil , Pliouta Loukia , Kountouri Aikaterini , Pililis Sotirios , Lampsas Stamatios , Ikonomidis Ignatios , Rallidis Loukianos S. , Papazafiropoulou Athanasia , Melidonis Andreas , Lambadiari Vaia
Published: December 2024

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-7 (ADAMTS-7) belongs to the family of metalloproteinases that contributes to tissue homeostasis during morphogenesis and reproduction. These metalloproteinases regulate various cell functions such as cell proliferation, are important regulators in tissue regeneration, and play a role in vascular remodelling, which is involved in atherosclerosis development. Despite the well-established association between ADAMTS-7 and atherosclerotic disease, data regarding the metalloproteinase’s association with LV function remain scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of ADAMTS-7 levels with diastolic dysfunction and various echocardiographic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All patients underwent a clinical, vascular, and echocardiographic examination during their visit. Plasma ADAMTS-7 levels were measured in all patients. The results showed that diastolic dysfunction was strongly associated with age, but had no statistically significant association with ADAMTS-7. When individual echocardiographic parameters were examined, ADAMTS-7 levels showed a positive tendency only with deceleration time (DT), with the other echocardiographic parameters being positively associated only with age. The possible role of ADAMTS-7 in diastolic dysfunction and in the development and progression of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus deserves further investigation.
Impact of DPP-4 Inhibitors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: An In-Depth Review
Authors: Epelde Francisco
Published: December 2024

The increasing prevalence of both type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure has underscored the urgent need for optimized therapeutic strategies that address the complex interplay between these conditions. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have emerged as a popular class of glucose-lowering agents due to their favorable glycemic effects, safety profile, and potential cardiovascular benefits. However, the impact of DPP-4 inhibitors on heart failure outcomes in patients with diabetes remains contentious, with conflicting evidence from clinical trials and observational studies. This review critically examines current evidence on the use of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with coexisting diabetes and heart failure, focusing on pharmacodynamics, safety, and efficacy outcomes. We explore the physiological mechanisms by which DPP-4 inhibitors may influence heart failure risk, including modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and myocardial fibrosis. Clinical trials such as SAVOR-TIMI 53, EXAMINE, and TECOS are evaluated to provide a comprehensive analysis of DPP-4 inhibitors’ effects on hospitalization for heart failure, mortality, and cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. While some trials suggest an increased risk of HF hospitalizations with specific DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g., saxagliptin), others report neutral effects, raising questions about the class effects versus individual drug characteristics within this group. Additionally, we address discrepancies in outcomes related to patient demographics, HF phenotype, and comorbid conditions that may influence DPP-4 inhibitors’ risk–benefit profile. Comparative insights into alternative glucose-lowering therapies such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are also provided, highlighting potential implications for treatment selection in this high-risk population. In summary, this review synthesizes available evidence on DPP-4 inhibitors’ impact in diabetic patients with heart failure, aiming to guide clinicians in making informed therapeutic decisions. While DPP-4 inhibitors remain a viable option in diabetes management, caution is warranted in patients with advanced heart failure, and future research is essential to refine patient-specific guidelines.
Antimicrobials in Orthopedic Infections: Overview of Clinical Perspective and Microbial Resistance
Authors: Huzum Bogdan , Aprotosoaie Ana Clara , Alexa Ovidiu , Sîrbu Paul Dan , Puha Bogdan , Veliceasa Bogdan , Huzum Riana Maria
Published: December 2024

Orthopedic infections are challenging pathologies that impose a heavy burden on patients and the healthcare system. Antimicrobial therapy is a critical component of the successful management of orthopedic infections, but its effectiveness depends on patient-, surgery-, drug-, and hospital-related factors. The dramatic increase in the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbial strains necessitates new clinical approaches in order to prevent or limit this phenomenon and to ensure a favorable therapeutic outcome. The present paper reviews the currently available antimicrobial strategies in the management of orthopedic infections, highlighting their clinical use related to the occurrence of microbial resistance. Some approaches for reducing antibiotic resistance emergence in orthopedics are also presented. The use of antibiotics tailored to the microorganism’s sensitivity profile, patient factors, and pharmacokinetic profile in terms of monotherapy or combinations, the understanding of microbial pathogenicity and resistance patterns, strict control measures in healthcare facilities, the development of new antimicrobial therapies (drugs, devices, technologies), and patient education for improving compliance and tolerance are some of the most important tools for overcoming microbial resistance.
The First Case of Streptococcus sinensis Endocarditis in Italy: Case Presentation and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Mazzitelli Maria , Sartori Maria Teresa , Scaglione Vincenzo , Lucente Fabrizio , Gerosa Gino , Leonardi Andrea , Castagliuolo Ignazio , Pergola Valeria , Simioni Paolo , Cattelan Annamaria
Published: December 2024

Almost 25 years have now passed since the first identification of Streptococcus sinensis (S. sinensis). It can cause infections both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. However, it has been rarely described as an aetiology of infectious endocarditis. We herein report the case of a 75-year-old Italian gentleman who was admitted for shortness of breath, asthenia, weight loss, and an episode of loss of consciousness and who was subsequently diagnosed with S. sinensis endocarditis (the first reported in Italy). He was, therefore, treated with ceftriaxone for six weeks and underwent cardiac surgery. We performed a literature review on S. sinensis endocarditis cases and found 12 other reported cases. Demographics, clinical presentation, prognostic factors, treatment, and outcomes were summarized. Despite anecdotic cases being reported, S. sinensis endocarditis can occur and should be promptly and properly identified using accurate diagnostic methods. Continued research into its epidemiology, pathogenesis, antimicrobial resistance, and host interactions is essential for enhancing our knowledge and improving clinical management strategies.
Recovery of Samarium from Waste SmCo Magnets via Selective Precipitation with Ammonium Bicarbonate: Optimization of Process Efficiency
Authors: Uysal Emircan , Emil-Kaya Elif , Dursun Halide Nur , Papakci Merve , Gürmen Sebahattin , Friedrich Bernd
Published: November 2024

SmCo magnets are a common material utilized in advanced technological applications. These magnets contain elevated concentrations of Sm and Co within their structural compositions. Given that both Sm and Co are classified as critical metals, the recycling of these magnets after their operational lifespan is of significant economic and environmental importance. Hydrometallurgical recycling processes represent an effective method for the recycling of these magnets. In this study, a pH-controlled selective precipitation method was developed using two HNO3 solutions with distinct oxidizing properties for the recovery of Sm and Co from end-of-life (EoL) SmCo magnets. In the initial stage of the process, the magnets were leached in a low-oxidizing 2M HNO3 solution, with a 1:30 (w/v) solid-to-liquid ratio at 20 °C. This step was undertaken to ensure the dissolution of Fe, thereby creating an environment conducive to its removal from the solution. The leaching experiments resulted in dissolution efficiencies of 95%, 96%, and 96% for Sm, Co, and Fe, respectively. In the second stage, a leaching experiment was performed using 3M HNO3 with a 1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio at 60 °C. Under these conditions, Sm and Co achieved dissolution efficiencies of 99%, while Fe remained undissolved in the solid phase due to hydrolysis at the high temperature, thus increasing the solution purity. In the precipitation process, the pH of both leachates was initially adjusted to 4 to precipitate impurities such as Fe ions. As a result of precipitation at pH 4 in the 2M HNO3 leachate, Fe ions were almost completely removed. This was followed by selective Sm precipitation in the pH range of 5–6.5 using NH4HCO3. The highest purity of Sm precipitation was achieved when the pH reached 6.5. An increase in Sm precipitation efficiency was observed with increasing pH, with an efficiency of 12.75% at pH 5, which rose to 82.37% at pH 6.5. Furthermore, although the precipitation efficiency of Co increased from 6.25% to 10% within this pH range, no significant difference in the extent of this increase was observed. In the case of the 3M HNO3 leachate, the Sm precipitation efficiency at pH 5 was 44.28%, while at pH 6.5, nearly all of the Sm ions were precipitated. The co-precipitation efficiency at pH 5 was 1.89%, increasing to 36.43% at pH 6.5. This increase in co-precipitation was attributed to the system’s Eh value, which reflects the enhanced oxidizing properties of the 3M HNO3 leach solution. The results of the study indicate that as the oxidizing strength of the solution increased, the co-precipitation rate also increased with rising pH.
Deciphering Immune Modulation in Chickens Co-Infected with ALV-J and CIAV: A Transcriptomic Approach
Authors: Chen Sheng , Xu Huijuan , Li Wenxue , Nie Yu , Xie Qingmei , Chen Weiguo
Published: November 2024

Viral co-infections pose significant challenges, causing substantial economic losses worldwide in the poultry industry. Among these, avian lLeukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) are particularly concerning, as they frequently lead to co-infections in chickens, further compromising their immune defenses, increasing susceptibility to secondary infections and diminishing vaccine efficacy. While our previous studies have examined the pathogenicity and immunosuppressive effects of these co-infections in vitro and in vivo, the key genes and molecular pathways involved remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the synergistic effects of co-infection with ALV-J and CIAV through comprehensive transcriptome analysis using high-throughput sequencing. We identified 1007 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and 62 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) associated with the synergistic activation effects of co-infection, along with 331 DEmRNAs and 62 DEmiRNAs linked to specific activation processes. Notably, the immune suppression observed in co-infected chickens may be influenced by the enhanced utilization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress pathways, which impact host immune responses. Furthermore, co-infection appears to employ distinct immune evasion strategies through the modulation of rRNA metabolism, differing from single infections. These insights provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying immune suppression during viral co-infections and help develop targeted therapies and improve disease control in poultry, reducing economic losses.
Bioremediation Potential of Rhodococcus qingshengii PM1 in Sodium Selenite-Contaminated Soil and Its Impact on Microbial Community Assembly
Authors: Peng Mu , Deng Guangai , Hu Chongyang , Hou Xue , Wang Zhiyong
Published: November 2024

Soil microbial communities are particularly sensitive to selenium contamination, which has seriously affected the stability of soil ecological environment and function. In this study, we applied high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the effects of low and high doses of sodium selenite and the selenite-degrading bacterium, Rhodococcus qingshengii PM1, on soil bacterial community composition, diversity, and assembly processes under controlled laboratory conditions. Our results indicated that sodium selenite and strain PM1 were key predictors of bacterial community structure in selenium-contaminated soils. Exposure to sodium selenite initially led to reductions in microbial diversity and a shift in dominant bacterial groups, particularly an increase in Actinobacteria and a decrease in Acidobacteria. Sodium selenite significantly reduced microbial diversity and simplified co-occurrence networks, whereas inoculation with strain PM1 partially reversed these effects by enhancing community complexity. Ecological modeling, including the normalized stochasticity ratio (NST) and Sloan’s neutral community model (NCM), suggested that stochastic processes predominated in the assembly of bacterial communities under selenium stress. Null model analysis further revealed that heterogeneous selection and drift were primary drivers of community turnover, with PM1 inoculation promoting species dispersal and buffering against the negative impacts of selenium. These findings shed light on microbial community assembly mechanisms under selenium contamination and highlight the potential of strain PM1 for the bioremediation of selenium-affected soils.
Impact of Metal Source Structure on the Electrocatalytic Properties of Polyacrylonitrile-Derived Co-N-Doped Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Kalnin Arseniy , Kharisova Ksenia , Lukyanov Daniil , Filippova Sofia , Li Ruopeng , Yang Peixia , Levin Oleg , Alekseeva Elena
Published: November 2024

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays a central role in energy conversion and storage technologies. A promising alternative to precious metal catalysts are non-precious metal doped carbons. Considerable efforts have been devoted to cobalt-doped carbonized polyacrylonitrile catalysts, but the optimization of their catalytic performance remains a key challenge. We have proposed a multifunctional active metal source strategy based on the cobalt complex with the ligand containing pyridine and azo-fragments. This complex simultaneously provides the nitrogenous environment for the Co atoms and acts as a blowing agent due to N2 extrusion, thus increasing the surface area and porosity of the material. This strategy provided the catalysts with a high surface area and pore volume, combined with the greater fraction of Co-N clusters, and a lesser amount and smaller size of Co metal particles compared to conventionally prepared catalysts, resulting in improved catalytic performance. In addition to strict 4-electron ORR kinetics and 383 mV overpotential, the novel catalysts exhibit limiting current values close to the Pt/C benchmark and greatly overcome the Pt in methanol tolerance. These results demonstrate the critical role of metal source structure and carbonization parameters in tailoring the structural and electrochemical properties of the catalysts.
Modeling the Distribution of the Rare and Red-Listed Halophytic Moss Species Entosthodon hungaricus Under Various Climate Change Scenarios in Serbia
Authors: Abubakar Isyaku , Pantović Jovana P. , Šinžar-Sekulić Jasmina B. , Sabovljević Marko S.
Published: November 2024

Entosthodon hungaricus is a rare moss species of the salty grasslands in Serbia. It is threatened with extinction due to habitat destruction and loss, although it reproduces sexually. In this study, we tested different models predicting its distribution under several climate scenarios over the next 8 decades. All models tested indicated a reduction in range to varying extents. Due to the specific substrate type as well as the predicted loss owing to the climate change, shifting is not an option for the survival of this species; and, therefore, it deserves special attention for its conservation and management.
Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on Soil Environment and Crop Growth in a Lycium barbarum||Alfalfa System
Authors: Ma Yanlin , Yu Wenjing , Chang Wenjing , Wang Yayu , Yin Minhua , Kang Yanxia , Qi Guangping , Wang Jinghai , Zhao Yuping , Wang Jinwen
Published: November 2024

The increasing scarcity of water and soil resources, combined with inefficient water and fertilizer management, poses significant challenges to agriculture in arid regions. This study aimed to determine an optimal water and nitrogen regulation model to alleviate water shortages and improve agricultural productivity and quality. In this study, a two-year experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of varying irrigation and nitrogen levels on the soil environment and crop growth in a Lycium barbarum||alfalfa system (LB||AS). The experiment involved four moisture gradients and four nitrogen application levels (using urea as the nitrogen source). The results indicated that soil moisture decreased during crop development, followed by a slow increase, with significant variation across soil depths. Soil temperature peaked during the fruiting stage of Lycium barbarum in July, decreasing significantly with soil depth. Higher temperatures were recorded in N0 under the same irrigation level and in W3 under the same nitrogen level. Soil organic carbon (SOC) levels increased by 16.24% in W3N0 and by 18.05% in W2N1, compared to W0N3. Easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) and soluble organic carbon (DOC) levels exhibited significant variations depending on irrigation and nitrogen treatments. Irrigation and nitrogen had a stronger individual impact on alfalfa height and stem thickness than their combined effects. Water and nitrogen regulation significantly influenced Lycium barbarum yield, its 100-fruit weight, and economic efficiency (p < 0.05). The W0N2 treatment produced the highest yield (3238 kg·ha−1), exceeding other treatments by up to 29.52%. In conclusion, the optimal water–nitrogen regulation model for the LB||AS system is full irrigation (75–85% θfc) with a nitrogen application rate of 300 kg·ha−1. These findings offer critical insights for improving water and nitrogen management strategies in arid regions.
Putative Allele of D10 Gene Alters Rice Tiller Response to Nitrogen
Authors: Rimi Tamanna Islam , Zhang Meirong , Zhang Ruixin , Zhang Zhe , Leng Xueyu , Han Jiafang , Meng Sihan , Du Wen , Zhang Zhongchen
Published: November 2024

The number of tillers in rice significantly affects final yield, making it a key trait for breeding and nitrogen-efficient cultivation. By investigating agronomic characteristics, we analyzed phenotypic differences between the wild-type P47-1 and the mutant p47dt1, performing genetic analysis and gene mapping through population construction and BSA sequencing. The p47dt1 mutant, exhibiting dwarfism and multiple tillering, is controlled by a single gene, P47DT1, which is tightly linked to D10. A single base mutation (T to G) on chromosome 1 alters methionine to arginine, supporting D10 as the candidate gene for p47dt1. To investigate nitrogen response in tillering, KY131 (nitrogen-inefficient) and KY131OsTCP19-H (nitrogen-efficient) materials differing in TCP19 expression levels were analyzed. Promoter analysis of D10 identified TCP19 as a nitrogen-responsive transcription factor, suggesting D10’s potential role in a TCP19-mediated nitrogen response pathway. Further analysis of P47-1, p47dt1, KY131, and KY131OsTCP19-H under different nitrogen concentrations revealed p47dt1’s distinct tiller response to nitrogen, altered nitrogen content in stems and leaves, and changes in TCP19 expression. Additionally, D10 and TCP19 expression levels were lower in KY131OsTCP19-H than KY131 under identical conditions. In summary, P47DT1/D10 appears to modulate nitrogen response and distribution in rice, affecting tiller response, possibly under TCP19’s regulatory influence.
Genetic Diversity, Chemical Constituents, and Bioactivities of Maerua siamensis from Thailand
Authors: Wongthet Natthawadi , Bacher Markus , Krenn Mara , Jai-aree Apichart , Rosenau Thomas , Tiwutanon Patsakorn , Anantaprayoon Nopparat , Vajrodaya Srunya , Brecker Lothar , Schinnerl Johann , Kraichak Ekaphan
Published: November 2024

The genus Maerua (Capparaceae) comprises 85 woody species distributed across the paleotropics, with some species used in traditional medicine. This study investigated the phylogenetic placement, genetic diversity, and phytochemical composition of Maerua siamensis, a species native to Indochina. Phylogenetic analyses using matK and rbcL markers confirmed the monophyly of the M. siamensis specimens collected from Thailand. Population genetic analyses revealed low genetic diversity across the sampled populations, suggesting purifying selection or recent demographic events. Phytochemical investigations of the leaf extracts led to the isolation and identification of 12 compounds, including two novel structures: maeruamide and maeruaoside. The isolated compounds encompass simple phenolics, l-proline-derived betaines, and flavonoid glycosides. Bioactivity assays revealed moderate antioxidant activity of the crude extract (EC50 = 106 μg mL−1), but no significant insecticidal or nematocidal effects were observed. This study provides new insights into the genetic diversity, phytochemistry, and potential bioactivities of M. siamensis, contributing to our understanding of this understudied species and its ethnomedicinal applications.
A Novel Approach to DBS Electrode Prototyping
Authors: Medina-Rodríguez Jesús Eduardo , Piña-Díaz Armando Josue , Flores-Campos Juan Alejandro , Silva-Garces Karla Nayeli , Oropeza-Osornio Armando , Torres San Miguel Christopher René
Published: November 2024

This research project focuses on the design and fabrication of a deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode used for Parkinson’s disease. It is a combination of technologies, such as 3D printing injection of polymers and silicones at high and low temperatures, used to develop a manufacturing process of a DBS electrode prototype. For the manufacturing process of the DBS electrode, two case studies are proposed, one at high temperature and the other at room temperature. Rings are used for communication at the ends with the deep brain stimulation (DBS). For the development, different types of molds and nozzles were proposed, considering various variables to control the material flow since polymers or copolymers melted at high temperatures behave differently from silicones injected at room temperature. The injection of Polyamide as a coating for a silver core in a mold, as well as the injection of silicone over a steel core, have been applied theoretically and experimentally. The results show a new method and technique to produce DBS electrodes at a low cost.
The Reduction of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Shifted Soil Bacterial Community Structure in Rice Paddies
Authors: Qian Xiaoqing , Xie Shifan , Hu Rui , Zhao Wenhui , Gu Junfei , Huang Wujian , Xu Fulei
Published: December 2024

In order to achieve reasonable yield while keeping environmental risks low, nitrogen fertilizer reduction has been adopted for in rice cultivation. The response of the soil microbial community structure to this management is not fully understood. In this study, the treatments comprising conventional farming practices (330 kg ha−1), reduced N application (270 kg ha−1 and 300 kg ha−1, respectively), and a control without N application were set up in order to reveal the effects of N application rate on the soil microbial community composition in rice paddies. It was discovered that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi represented the most abundant bacterial phyla in all samples. The assembly of the soil bacterial community differed among the treatments, with NH4+-N, available phosphorus (AP), and organic matter (OM) as key drivers. The reduction of N application by 20% decreased soil NO3− up to 32% and increased the abundance of the total functional pathways, especially those associated with carbon fixation, N, S, and CH4 metabolism, whereas N reduction by 10% increase soil N accumulation and soil bacterial richness. In summary, a reduction of N fertilizer by up to 20% compared to the amount used in traditional practices could most effectively regulate the soil bacterial community composition and increase the predicted functional groups associated with N transformation, while maintaining lower soil nitrogen contents.
Heading in Female Soccer: A Scoping Systematic Review
Authors: Shen Yinhao , Chen Shinting , Liu Qingguang , Cicchella Antonio
Published: November 2024

Heading is a key skill in soccer, and it is few investigated in females. Research on heading focused mostly on males and on young players. Data on females’ soccer players are sparse and it is difficult to draw firm conclusions. Thus, little is known is known about heading in females. The most investigated aspects of heading are the relationship between heading and play state, training level and anthropometrics. The relationship between the frequency and intensity of headings and long-time outcomes in terms of vigilance, and neuro-cognitive status is also a topic of interest. Aim of this scoping review is to survey the available knowledge about heading in female football to identify possible weaknesses and issues for future research direction in the field. A structured literature search was performed in the main databases. Results show research on heading in female soccer is sparse and to draw firm conclusion on the investigated aspects (effect of play position, occurrence, cognitive impairment, influence of muscle strength, and player’s level) is difficult. It emerged mild intensity heading is not dangerous, helmet does not help, play state and player position influences the heading and that high rotational velocities are achieved. The survey identified new directions for research, that should focus on how to ameliorate heading training and skills and develop a more effective and safe heading technique.
A Study on the Impact of Board Characteristics on the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Responsibilities of Listed Companies—Evidence from Chinese Listings
Authors: Ding Haoming , Wang Zerui , Xu Hanyu , Lin Zi
Published: November 2024

Company boards play a critical role in ESG leadership by shaping strategy, ensuring accountability, and driving sustainability practices. However, ineffective board structures can hinder ESG goals, making the identification of board attributes that enhance ESG outcomes essential. Using data from 1931 A-share listed companies between 2009 and 2022, this study investigates how board characteristics, such as independence, independent directors’ overseas experience, board size, and gender diversity, affect environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. The analysis reveals that the combined influence of board characteristics positively impacts ESG outcomes. Among individual attributes, board independence and independent directors with overseas education backgrounds significantly enhance ESG ratings, emphasizing the value of independent oversight and global perspectives. In contrast, board size and gender diversity show no significant impact, suggesting that simply increasing board size or representation does not necessarily improve ESG performance. Unlike prior studies focusing on isolated board characteristics, this research comprehensively analyzes how various attributes influence ESG outcomes. This study fills a critical gap in the ESG literature by addressing these complex dynamics. It offers actionable insights for policymakers and corporate governance reformers to improve business practices’ accountability, transparency, and sustainability.