bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A combined neurophysiological and behavioural study into the stimulating effects of fexofenadine on performance
Authors: Theunissen Eef L. , Jonkman Lisa M. , Kuypers Kim P. C. , Ramaekers Johannes G.
Published: June 2006

Antihistamines are known for their sedative effects. However, some studies suggested mild stimulant effects in the case of fexofenadine. The goals of this study are to examine whether fexofenadine possesses stimulating properties and to determine whether such stimulating effects are related to workload. Sixteen healthy volunteers received a single dose of 180 and 360 mg fexofenadine and placebo on separate test days. Drug effects were assessed using a divided attention task (DAT), continuous performance task (CPT) and motor choice reaction time test (MCRT). Sensitivity of the tasks was increased by manipulating the workload during task performance. Event Related brain Potentials (ERPs) were measured in the DAT and CPT to study the underlying neurophysiological processes. An interaction effect of Treatment and Workload was found on tracking performance in the DAT and on movement time in the MCRT. Performance on the DAT was less affected by increments in workload after fexofenadine as compared to placebo. P1 and P3 latency were affected by Treatment Workload and Treatment respectively and indicated faster attentional and information processing latencies following fexofenadine treatment. Treatment did not influence performance in the CPT task or in the ERPs measured during this task. The MCRT demonstrated faster movement times following fexofenadine treatment. These results suggest that although the neurophysiological data indicate central nervous system (CNS) activation after fexofenadine treatment, the magnitude of the centrally activating effects is too small to produce relevant performance improvement at the behavioural level.
Prescription errors in psychiatry – a multi-centre study
Authors: Stubbs Jean , Haw Camilla , Taylor David
Published: June 2006

Medication errors are an important cause of patient morbidity and mortality, of which there have been few reports in psychiatry, especially in the UK. Our aim was to examine the nature, frequency and potential severity of prescribing errors in UK mental health units in a prospective, 1 week survey of errors detected by pharmacy staff in nine NHS trusts. Pharmacists checked 22036 prescription items. In total, 523 errors meeting the study definition were detected (2.4% of prescription items checked). Prescription writing errors (77.4%) were most common, while decision-making errors accounted for 22.6% of errors. In 280 (53.5%) cases the prescribed drug had been administered before the error was detected. Most errors were of doubtful or minor importance but 22 (4.3%) were deemed likely to result in serious adverse effects or death. The error detection rate varied fourfold between trusts. Prescribing errors are fairly common in psychiatry. A small proportion of errors have the potential for serious harm. Pharmacy staff have an important role to play in their management.
“You Can’t Fight Windmills”: How Older Men Do Health, Ill Health, and Masculinities
Authors: McVittie Chris , Willock Joyce
Published: June 2006

Many health researchers have reported higher mortality and morbidity rates for men than for women. Various writers have argued that such differences reflect men's delay in seeking help when required and that reluctance to seek help reflects prevailing constructions of hegemonic masculinity. The authors report findings from an interview study of 12 older men's understandings of health and ill health. In describing health, participants constructed identities consistent with prevailing notions of hegemonic masculinity. When discussing ill health, they aligned themselves with less powerful identities that were inconsistent with the “ideal” hegemonic masculinity. Participants used a “time will tell” discursive formulation to negotiate transitions between hegemonic and subordinate identities. Delay in seeking help, accordingly, can be viewed as reflecting transitions in identity rather than hegemonic masculinity itself. These constructions are consistent with those found in other contexts and act to disadvantage men both in health terms and in identity terms.
Comparing the Efficacy of Policy-Capturing Weights and Direct Estimates for Predicting Job Choice
Authors: Slaughter Jerel E. , Richard Erin M. , Martin James H.
Published: June 2006

When studying applicants' job attribute preferences, researchers have used either direct estimates (DE) of importance or regression-derived statistical weights from policy-capturing (PC) studies. Although each methodology has been criticized, no research has examined the efficacy of weights derived from either method for predicting choices among job offers. In this study, participants were assigned to either a DE or PC condition, and weights for 14 attribute preferences were derived. Three weeks later, the participants made choices among hypothetical job offers. As predicted, PC weights outperformed DE weights when a noncompensatory strategy was assumed, and DE weights outperformed PC weights when a compensatory strategy was assumed. Implications for researchers' choice of methodology when studying attribute preferences are discussed.
Performing power, composing culture
Authors: Hasty Jennifer
Published: June 2006

This article examines how African political and discursive forms shape the seemingly universal practices of journalism at a state newspaper in Ghana. The daily work routine, relationships with sources, criteria of newsworthiness, narrative techniques - all are locally determined by Ghanaian standards of discourse and sociality. Local aesthetics of representation and discursive propriety establish a distinctive set of conventions for political speech and news writing. Through aesthetically ‘Africanized’ discursive styles and techniques, the state press constructs the authoritative social imaginary of the nation-state
Inside a world of spin
Authors: Velthuis Olav
Published: June 2006

This article provides an ethnographic account of newspaper coverage of a trade summit which took place in Geneva in the last days of July 2004. One problematic aspect of covering news events at international economic institutions such as the World Trade Organization is the phenomenon of mediated mediation: whereas the role of journalists is to mediate between news events and the public, access to these events is restricted. As a result, the media are dependent on mediation by key actors, press officers, spokespersons, NGOs and other parties with an interest in the way events are represented. Given the highly technical nature of these events, and the limited expertise of journalists, interested parties have many opportunities to ‘spin’ the coverage
Lutein supplementation in retinitis pigmentosa: PC-based vision assessment in a randomized double-masked placebo-controlled clinical trial [NCT00029289]
Authors: Bahrami Hossein , Melia Michele , Dagnelie Gislin
Published: June 2006

Background

There is no generally accepted medical or surgical treatment to stop the progressive course of retinitis pigmentosa. Previous studies have suggested lutein as a potential treatment with positive effects on macular pigment density. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of lutein supplementation on preservation of visual function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP)

Methods

In a double-masked randomized placebo-controlled phase I/II clinical trial with a cross-over design, 34 adult patients with RP were randomized to two groups. One group, consisted of 16 participants, received lutein supplementation (10 mg/d for 12 wks followed by 30 mg/d) for the first 24 weeks and then placebo for the following 24 weeks, while the other group included 18 participants for whom placebo (24 weeks) was administered prior to lutein. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and central visual field were measured at different illumination levels at baseline and every week using a PC-based test at home.

Results

For visual acuity (VA) at normal illumination level, treatment with lutein reduced logMAR, i.e. improved VA, but this effect was not statistically significant. The changes in normal (100%), low (4%), and very low (0.1%) illumination log CS were not statistically significant (p-values: 0.34, 0.23, and 0.32, respectively). Lutein had a statistically significant effect on visual field (p-value: 0.038) and this effect increased in the model assuming a 6-week delay in effect of lutein. Comparing the development of vision measures against the natural loss expected to occur over the course of 48 weeks, most measures showed reduced decline, and these reductions were significant for normal illumination VA and CS.

Conclusion

These results suggest that lutein supplementation improves visual field and also might improve visual acuity slightly, although these results should be interpreted cautiously. As a combined phase I and II clinical trial, this study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of lutein supplementation.
ProFace: a server for the analysis of the physicochemical features of protein-protein interfaces
Authors: Saha Rudra P , Bahadur Ranjit P , Pal Arumay , Mandal Saptarshi , Chakrabarti Pinak
Published: June 2006

Background

Molecular recognition is all pervasive in biology. Protein molecules are involved in enzyme regulation, immune response, signal transduction, oligomer assembly, etc. Delineation of physical and chemical features of the interface formed by protein-protein association would allow us to better understand protein interaction networks on one hand, and to design molecules that can engage a given interface and thereby control protein function on the other hand.

Results

ProFace is a suite of programs that uses a file, containing atomic coordinates of a multi-chain molecule, as input and analyzes the interface between any two or more subunits. The interface residues are shown segregated into spatial patches (if such a clustering is possible based on an input threshold distance) and/or core and rim regions. A number of physicochemical parameters defining the interface is tabulated. Among the different output files, one contains the list of interacting residues across the interface. Results can be used to infer if a particular interface belongs to a homodimeric molecule.

Conclusion

A web-server, ProFace (available at http://www.boseinst.ernet.in/resources/bioinfo/stag.html) has been developed for dissecting protein-protein interfaces and deriving various physicochemical parameters.
Longitudinal residual strain and stress-strain relationship in rat small intestine
Authors: Dou Yanling , Fan Yanhua , Zhao Jingbo , Gregersen Hans
Published: June 2006

Background

To obtain a more detailed description of the stress-free state of the intestinal wall, longitudinal residual strain measurements are needed. Furthermore, data on longitudinal stress-strain relations in visceral organs are scarce. The present study aims to investigate the longitudinal residual strain and the longitudinal stress-strain relationship in the rat small intestine.

Methods

The longitudinal zero-stress state was obtained by cutting tissue strips parallel to the longitudinal axis of the intestine. The longitudinal residual stress was characterized by a bending angle (unit: degrees per unit length and positive when bending outwards). Residual strain was computed from the change in dimensions between the zero-stress state and the no-load state. Longitudinal stresses and strains were computed from stretch experiments in the distal ileum at luminal pressures ranging from 0–4 cmH2O.

Results

Large morphometric variations were found between the duodenum and ileum with the largest wall thickness and wall area in the duodenum and the largest inner circumference and luminal area in the distal ileum (p < 0.001). The bending angle did not differ between the duodenum and ileum (p > 0.5). The longitudinal residual strain was tensile at the serosal surface and compressive at the mucosal surface. Hence, the neutral axis was approximately in the mid-wall. The longitudinal residual strain and the bending angle was not uniform around the intestinal circumference and had the highest values on the mesenteric sides (p < 0.001). The stress-strain curves fitted well to the mono-exponential function with determination coefficients above 0.96. The α constant increased with the pressure, indicating the intestinal wall became stiffer in longitudinal direction when pressurized.

Conclusion

Large longitudinal residual strains reside in the small intestine and showed circumferential variation. This indicates that the tissue is not uniform and cannot be treated as a homogenous material. The longitudinal stiffness of the intestinal wall increased with luminal pressure. Longitudinal residual strains must be taken into account in studies of gastrointestinal biomechanical properties.
Does intensive explicit grammar instruction make all the difference?
Authors: Macaro Ernesto , Masterman Liz
Published: June 2006

This paper investigates the effect of explicit grammar instruction on grammatical knowledge and writing proficiency in first-year students of French at a UK university. Previous research suggests that explicit grammar instruction results in gains in explicit knowledge and its application in specific grammar-related tasks, but there is less evidence that it results in gains in production tasks. A cohort of 12 students received a course in French grammar immediately prior to their university studies in order to determine whether a short but intensive burst of explicit instruction, a pedagogical approach hitherto unexamined in the literature, was sufficiently powerful to bring about an improvement in their grammatical knowledge and performance in production tasks. Participants were tested at three points over five months, and the results were compared with a group which did not receive the intervention. Our results support previous findings that explicit instruction leads to gains in some aspects of grammar tests but not gains in accuracy in either translation or free composition. Reasons for these findings are discussed in relation to theories of language development and the limitations of working memory.
Impaired β-Cell Function in Human Aging: Response to Nicotinic Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance
Authors: Chang Annette M. , Smith Marla J. , Galecki Andrzej T. , Bloem Cathie J. , Halter Jeffrey B.
Published: June 2006

Context: Glucose tolerance declines with age and may involve impaired β-cell sensitivity to glucose and β-cell compensation for insulin resistance.

Objective: We investigated β-cell sensitivity to glucose and β-cell compensation for nicotinic acid-induced insulin resistance in young (age <35 yr) people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and old (age >60 yr) people with NGT and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Design/Patients/Setting/Intervention: Fifteen young NGT, 16 old NGT, and 14 old IGT were randomized to 2-wk treatment with nicotinic acid or placebo in a double-blind, crossover study in a university medical setting. At the end of each treatment period, participants had a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test and ramp clamp, in which insulin secretion rates (ISR) were determined in response to a matched 5–10 mm glucose stimulus.

Main Outcome Measures: Insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response to iv glucose (AIRg), and disposition index (AIRg × SI, or β-cell compensation for insulin resistance) from frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance testing, and ISR area under the curve (or β-cell sensitivity to glucose) from ramp clamp were determined.

Results: Progressive impairments in insulin secretion as assessed by AIRg, disposition index, and ISR area under the curve were identified in older people with NGT, with more marked defects in older people with IGT. Nicotinic acid treatment significantly reduced SI in all groups. β-Cell compensation for nicotinic acid-induced insulin resistance was incomplete in all three groups, with greater defects in the two older groups.

Conclusions: Human aging is associated with impaired β-cell sensitivity to glucose and impaired β-cell compensation to insulin resistance.
History, Memory, and the Genre of Testimony
Authors: Assmann Aleida
Published: June 2006

The essay focuses on the relationship between memory and history, which has changed in many ways under the impact of the Holocaust. Memory that had been discarded by historians as an unreliable and distorting source came to be acknowledged as an important factor in the reconstruction of past events, thus advancing from a rival to a partner of historiography. The question to be asked is no longer merely what has happened? but also how was the event experienced, how is it remembered and passed on to succeeding generations? The new mnemo-historical genre of video testimony is analyzed as an archive of trauma stories and set off against other forms of autobiographical discourse, on the one hand, and legal testimonies, on the other. It is argued that its specific value lies in forging a transgenerational link between the faces and voices of victims and those who listen to them, thus transcending the frame of family memory that, as a rule, fades after three generations.
Expansion of revertant fibers in dystrophic mdx muscles reflects activity of muscle precursor cells and serves as an index of muscle regeneration
Authors: Yokota Toshifumi , Lu Qi-Long , Morgan Jennifer E. , Davies Kay E. , Fisher Rosie , Takeda Shin'ichi , Partridge Terence A.
Published: June 2006

Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the mdx mouse myopathies reflect a lack of dystrophin in muscles. However, both contain sporadic clusters of revertant fibers (RFs) that express dystrophin. RF clusters expand in size with age in mdx mice. To test the hypothesis that the expansion of clusters is achieved through the process of muscle degeneration and regeneration, we analyzed muscles of mdx mice in which degeneration and regeneration were inhibited by the expression of micro-dystrophins or utrophin transgenes. Postnatal RF expansion was diminished in direct correlation to the protective effect of the transgene expression. Similarly, expansion of RFs was inhibited when muscle regeneration was blocked by irradiation. However, in irradiated muscles, irradiation-tolerant quiescent muscle precursor cells reactivated by notexin effectively restored RF expansion. Our observations demonstrate that revertant events occur initially within a subset of muscle precursor cells. The proliferation of these cells, as part of the regeneration process, leads to the expansion of RF clusters within degenerating muscles. This expansion of revertant clusters depicts the cumulative history of regeneration, thus providing a useful index for functional evaluation of therapies that counteract muscle degeneration.
Sphingomyelin-enriched microdomains define the efficiency of native Ca2+-triggered membrane fusion
Authors: Rogasevskaia Tatiana , Coorssen Jens R.
Published: June 2006

Membrane microdomains or `rafts' are suggested to act as regulators of the exocytotic process and also appear to be the sites of Ca2+-triggered membrane fusion. Microdomains are postulated to maintain the localization of `efficiency' factors, including Ca2+ sensors and other protein and lipid components. Separation of the fundamental ability to fuse from the efficiency of the process has suggested dependence of efficiency factors on microdomain organization. Cholesterol, a key component of membrane microdomains, contributes to both the efficiency and the fundamental ability to fuse. However, testing for a selective effect of native microdomains on the efficiency of fusion, without affecting membrane cholesterol density, has not been assessed. Hydrolysis of sphingomyelin disrupts native raft domains on secretory vesicles. Disruption of microdomains enriched in sphingomyelin-cholesterol by treatment with sphingomyelinase selectively and dose dependently inhibited the Ca2+ sensitivity and late kinetics of secretory vesicle fusion. As a native microdomain constituent, sphingomyelin is associated with Ca2+ sensing through its interaction with other raft-bound lipid and/or protein factors, thereby supporting the physiological Ca2+ sensitivity of membrane fusion. Furthermore, the sphingomyelinase-driven generation of ceramide, contributing to the total membrane negative curvature, preserves the ability to fuse despite extensive cholesterol removal. Membrane microdomain integrity thus underlies the efficiency of fusion but not the fundamental ability of native vesicles to undergo Ca2+-triggered membrane merger. The results are consistent with a fundamental fusion machine of intrinsically low Ca2+ sensitivity that, supported by accessory `efficiency' components, facilitates Ca2+-triggered bilayer merger under physiological conditions.
Fosamprenavir: Drug Development for Adherence
Authors: Hester E Kelly , Chandler Haley V , Sims Kelli M
Published: June 2006

Objective:

To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, virology, safety, efficacy, and clinical use of fosamprenavir.

Data Sources:

A MEDLINE (1966–July 2005) search was conducted using fosamprenavir, Lexiva, amprenavir, and GW433908 as key words. Abstracts from infectious diseases and HIV scientific meetings were identified. Bibliographies of cited articles were reviewed.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All publications, meeting abstracts, and unpublished information were reviewed and relevant items included. Information from in vitro, preclinical, and Phase II and III clinical trials was included.

Data Synthesis:

Fosamprenavir is a protease inhibitor (PI) prodrug used for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The active moiety, amprenavir, is extensively metabolized by CYP3A4. In clinical trials, fosamprenavir was at least as effective as amprenavir, with a reduced pill burden. Fosamprenavir was developed with the intention of reducing the pill burden associated with amprenavir. It has demonstrated comparable safety and efficacy with comparator Pls and is associated with limited cross-resistance to other Pls.

Conclusions:

Fosamprenavir is a promising antiretroviral agent with favorable efficacy and tolerability. At this time, data indicate the utility of fosamprenavir in treatment-naïve and PI-experienced HIV-infected patients.
Empirical evaluations of language-based author identification techniques
Authors: Chaski Carole E.
Published: June 2006

Recent Court decisions in the United States call for the empirical testing of language-based author identification techniques. This article shows the results of such testing. The tested hypotheses include: syntactic analysis, syntactically-classified punctuation, sentential complexity, vocabulary richness, readability, content analysis, spelling errors, punctuation errors, word form errors, and grammatical errors. These hypotheses are tested on a set of documents written by four women who are similar in age, educational level, and dialectal background: two of the women are Euro-American, and two are Afro-American. Each hypothesis is tested separately to determine its ability to differentiate documents from different authors and cluster documents from each author. Hypotheses which quantify linguistic features are tested statistically using the chi-square statistic. Discrimination error rates are calculated. Only two hypotheses successfully differentiate and cluster documents: syntactic analysis and syntactically-classified punctuation.
The genesis of a witness statement
Authors: Rock Frances
Published: June 2006

This article steps back from the plethora of learned articles on simulated interviews with witnesses, the success of interview techniques and cognitive loads on interviewees and interviewers; it reports a detailed examination of the way witness statements are taken, from the first verbal account given by a witness to the final written statement penned by their interviewer. The article examines a statement-taking session and the resulting statement. It presents examples to illustrate which aspects of the witnessÂ's account are changed during the statement-taking session and how. That is, in what ways, and through what processes does the original version provided by the witness change through the subsequent renderings during the statement-taking session and in the final statement text? There are several reasons for doing this. This enables us to understand: firstly, a little more about what a witness statement is; secondly, how itness statements become what they are; and thirdly, in which ways witness statements might not be what they at first appear to be.
Intonation in speaker identification: an experiment on pitch alignment features
Authors: Nolan Francis
Published: June 2006

While long-term fundamental frequency statistics have been shown to be useful in discriminating speakers, relatively little attention has been paid in work on speaker characterization to intonation as a linguistically and phonetically structured phenomenon. To help redress the balance, this article presents the results of an experiment on between-speaker differences in linguistically specified intonational events. An autosegmental-metrical model of intonation is assumed which uses H (high) and L (low) targets as its primes. Since the pitch of the events corresponding to these targets is highly variable due to factors such as within-speaker variation in pitch range (or ‘pitch span’), this study investigates as a source of speaker discrimination the temporal alignment of these intonational events with segmental events. A limited degree of discrimination is achieved in highly controlled materials. Of theoretical interest is that definable pitch events lying between H and L targets show more potential for betweenspeaker discrimination than the targets themselves.
Establishing the structure of police evidentiary interviews with suspects
Authors: Heydon Georgina
Published: June 2006

This paper provides a description of the structure of police interviews|which aligns the institutionally defined (functional) parts of the interview with a linguistic description meaningful for the analysis of talk in interaction. The analysis is based on data drawn from recordings of police interviews with suspects from rural Australia. It is found that, in particular, the shift from the formal introductory part of the interview to the information seeking part of the interview is marked by participants attempting to realign the participant roles (Goffman 1974) to a participation framework which will best facilitate the confessional narrative of the suspect. However this realignment is itself problematized by some police participants as, through their negotiation of the shift, they must routinely maintain their role as ‘interrogator’.
Blending the Good With the Bad: Integrating Positive Psychology and Cognitive Psychotherapy
Authors: Ingram Rick E. , Snyder C. R.
Published: June 2006

The deficit model in clinical psychology is important, but has missed critical opportunities that have been brought to light by the emergence of positive psychology. By focusing on sources of strength and resilience, positive psychology can add new perspectives to ideas about dysfunctional behavior, and has important implications for the theory and practice of cognitive therapies. This special issue of theJournal of Cognitive Psychotherapyreflects the growing recognition of the importance of positive psychology. The articles in this special issue present an array of topics that blend positive psychology with cognitive therapy in ways that are articulate and insightful. Taken together, these articles suggest that the yield of positive psychology and cognitive therapies may well exceed that of either alone.
Genitopatellar syndrome: Expanding the phenotype and excluding mutations in LMX1B and TBX4
Authors: Abdul‐Rahman Omar A. , La Trang H. , Kwan Andrea , Schlaubitz Silke , Barsh Greg S. , Enns Gregory M. , Hudgins Louanne
Published: June 2006

Genitopatellar syndrome is a newly described disorder characterized by absent/hypoplastic patellae, lower extremity contractures, urogenital anomalies, dysmorphic features, skeletal anomalies, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. More recently, cardiac anomalies and ectodermal dysplasia have been suggested as additional features of this syndrome. We report on two additional patients with genitopatellar syndrome and expand the spectrum of anomalies to include radio‐ulnar synostosis. Since there exists significant overlap in the skeletal phenotype between genitopatellar syndrome and both the nail‐patella and short patella syndromes, mutation screening of their causative genes, LMX1B and TBX4, was performed. Although there still does not appear to be an identifiable molecular etiology in genitopatellar syndrome, mutations in these two candidate genes have been excluded in our patients. Since both LMX1B and TBX4 are involved in a common molecular pathway, it is likely that the causative gene of genitopatellar syndrome functions within the same developmental process. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An autosomal recessive form of spastic cerebral palsy (CP) with microcephaly and mental retardation
Authors: Rajab Anna , Yoo Seung‐Yun , Abdulgalil Aiman , Kathiri Salem , Ahmed Riaz , Mochida Ganeshwaran H. , Bodell Adria , Barkovich A. James , Walsh Christopher A.
Published: June 2006

Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as any nonprogressive motor deficits resulting from cerebral abnormalities that occur in the prenatal or perinatal period. Symptoms become apparent during the first year of life. Genetic forms of CP account for about 2% in European populations but are thought to cause a substantial proportion in consanguineous families. We have identified a large consanguineous family from Oman with spastic diplegia, microcephaly, and mental retardation. Additional manifestations include hyperreflexia, clumsiness, unstable gait, drooling, and dysarthria. There was phenotypic variability among different individuals, but spastic diplegia, microcephaly, and mental retardation were three constant traits present in all affected individuals. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of the biodegradable polycaprolactone‐graft‐chitosan amphiphilic copolymers
Authors: Yu Haijun , Wang Wenshou , Chen Xuesi , Deng Chao , Jing Xiabin
Published: June 2006

A novel synthetic approach to biodegradable amphiphilic copolymers based on poly (ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan was presented, and the prepared copolymers were used to prepare nanoparticles successfully. The PCL‐graft‐chitosan copolymers were synthesized by coupling the hydroxyl end‐groups on preformed PCL chains and the amino groups present on 6‐O‐triphenylmethyl chitosan and by removing the protective 6‐O‐triphenylmethyl groups in acidic aqueous solution. The PCL content in the copolymers can be controlled in the range of 10‐90 wt %. The graft copolymers were thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR and DSC. The nanoparticles made from the graft copolymers were investigated by 1H NMR, DLS, AFM and SEM measurements. It was found that the copolymers could form spherical or elliptic nanoparticles in water. The amount of available primary amines on the surface of the prepared nanoparticles was evaluated by ninhydrin assay, and it can be controlled by the grafting degree of PCL. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83:233–242, 2006

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Interactions between bovine serum albumin and gemini surfactant alkanediyl‐α, ω‐bis(dimethyldodecyl‐ammonium bromide)
Authors: Pi Yingying , Shang Yazhuo , Peng Changjun , Liu Honglai , Hu Ying , Jiang Jianwen
Published: June 2006

Interactions between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cationic gemini surfactant alkanediyl‐α,ω‐bis(dimethyldodecyl‐ammonium bromide) (12‐n‐12, n = 3, 4, 6) in aqueous solution have been investigated by measuring fluorescence, UV‐vis transmittance, dynamic lighting scattering, and circular dichroism. Compared to a traditional surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), 12‐n‐12 interacts with BSA more strongly. With increasing concentration, 12‐n‐12 first binds specifically onto BSA leading to the unfolding and aggregation of BSA, and the decrease in α‐helix content; and then forms micelle‐like complexes along the unfolded BSA chains. A gemini surfactant with a longer spacer has a larger effect on BSA unfolding due to a stronger hydrophobic interaction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83:243–249, 2006

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Two Novel Layered Compounds Ba3InBiO7‐x and Ba4InBiO8‐x and Their Water Containing Derivatives.
Authors: Baszczuk A.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Magnetic Properties of Heusler Alloys Ru2MnZ (Z: Si, Ge, Sn and Sb).
Authors: Kanomata T. , Kikuchi M. , Yamauchi H.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Ru‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of β‐Keto Esters Using Electron‐Donating Bis(trialkylphosphine) Ligand‐TangPhos.
Authors: Wang Chun‐Jiang , Tao Haiyan , Zhang Xumu
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ionic Liquid Promoted Simple and Efficient Synthesis of β‐Enamino Esters and β‐Enaminones from 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds — One‐Pot, Three‐Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Substituted Pyridines.
Authors: Karthikeyan Ganesan , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metal Bis(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)amides as Highly Efficient Lewis Acid Catalysts for Fluorous Biphase Organic Reactions.
Authors: Hao Xiuhua , Yoshida Akihiro , Nishikido Joji
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functional Derivatives of α‐Bromocyclopropylmagnesium Bromides.
Authors: Solov'eva V. A. , Baird M. S. , Bolesov I. G.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1‐Benzyl‐4‐aza‐1‐azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Tribromide as a Regenerable and Useful Reagent for Bromination of Phenols under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Pourmousavi Seied A. , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes by Aerobic Oxidation of Hydroaromatic Compounds and Diarylalkanes Using N‐Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a Key Catalyst.
Authors: Aoki Yasuhiro , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Ishii Yasutaka
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters via Carbene‐Catalyzed Redox Esterification.
Authors: Zeitler Kirsten
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction of Nitroarenes with Alkyl‐ or Arylthio Groups in Dimethyl Sulfoxide by Means of Cesium Carbonate.
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
First Example of the Mislow—Braverman—Evans Rearrangement Retaining the Sulfur Atom on the Original Carbon.
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Miyagawa Toshifumi
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Homocoupling and Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides in Poly(ethylene glycol).
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhang Yuhong , Liu Leifang , Wang Yanguang
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Application of Organic Bases in Microwave‐Promoted Suzuki Coupling Reactions in Water.
Authors: Chanthavong Florine , Leadbeater Nicholas E.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbopalladation and Carbocyclization of Arynes with Aryl Halides: A Highly Efficient Route to Functionalized Triphenylenes.
Authors: Jayanth Thiruvellore Thatai , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot, cis‐Selective Synthesis of α‐Substituted β‐Trimethylsilyl‐α,β‐epoxyesters from α‐Ketoesters and Diazo(trimethylsilyl)methyl Magnesium Bromide.
Authors: Hari Yoshiyuki , Tsuchida Susumu , Aoyama Toyohiko
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Multistep Reactions Involving Ring Closure of 2‐Iodophenoxyallenes and Ring Opening of Bicyclic Alkenes.
Authors: Parthasarathy Kanniyappan , Jeganmohan Masilamani , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective, Nucleophilic Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation at the C4‐Position of Indoles Initiated by the Aromatic Pummerer‐type Reaction.
Authors: Akai Shuji , Kawashita Norihito , Wada Yasufumi , Satoh Hideharu , Alinejad Anahita Hessamian , Kakiguchi Keisuke , Kuriwaki Ikumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bromine—Magnesium Exchange of 5‐Bromo‐2‐picoline via an Organomagnesium Complex nBu2iPrMgLi: A New Preparation Methodology of Functionalized Picolines under Noncryogenic Conditions.
Authors: Kii Satoshi , Akao Atsushi , Iida Takehiko , Mase Toshiaki , Yasuda Nobuyoshi
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Lewis Acid Catalyzed Nazarov Reaction of 2‐(N‐Methoxycarbonylamino)‐1,4‐pentadien‐3‐ones.
Authors: Larini Paolo , Guarna Antonio , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Synthesis of Novel 9‐Methyl[1,2,3]selenadiazoles[4,5‐b]quinoline and 9‐Methyl[1,2,3]thiadiazole[4,5‐b]quinoline as a New Class of Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Naik Halehatty S. Bhojya , Ramesha Machenahalli S. , Swetha Boovanahalli V. , Roopa Thopenahalli R.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Trifluoromethylated β‐Alkoxyenones with Tris(trimethylsilyl) Phosphite: A Temperature Influence on Regioselectivity.
Authors: Chizhov Dmitri L. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ring‐Fluorinated Fluoresceins as an Organic Photosensitizer for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide.
Authors: Funabiki Kazumasa , Sugiyama Naoyuki , Iida Hidenori , Jin Ji‐Ye , Yoshida Tsukasa , Kato Yasutake , Minoura Hideki , Matsui Masaki
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Synthesis of Fmoc‐N‐Methylated α‐ and β‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Govender Thavendran , Arvidsson Per I.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular Bromo‐Amination of 1,4‐Cyclohexadiene Aminal: One‐Pot Discrimination of Two Olefins and Concise Asymmetric Synthesis of (‐)‐γ‐Lycorane.
Authors: Fujioka Hiromichi , Murai Kenichi , Ohba Yusuke , Hirose Hideki , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A One‐Pot Domino Reaction in Constructing Isoorotate Bases and Their Nucleosides.
Authors: Avalos Martin , Babiano Reyes , Cintas Pedro , Hursthouse Michael B. , Jimenez Jose L. , Lerma Encarnacion , Light Mark E. , Palacios Juan C.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of the Neolignan Natural Product Grossamide by a Continuous‐Flow Process.
Authors: Baxendale Ian R. , Griffiths‐Jones Charlotte M. , Ley Steven V. , Tranmer Geoffrey K.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Antifungal Bis[bibenzyls] from the Chinese Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L.
Authors: Niu Chong , Qu Jian‐Bo , Lou Hong‐Xiang
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis and Revision of C6 Stereochemistry of (+)‐Amphidinolide W (I).
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Gong Gangli
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Azaspiracid‐1. Construction of Key Building Blocks for Originally Proposed Structure.
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Manganite, Magnetite, and Double‐Perovskite Thin Films and Heterostructures
Authors: Ogale S. B. , Shinde S. R. , Venkatesan T. , Ramesh R.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition Metal Based Fluorous Catalysts
Authors: Correa da Costa Rosenilda , Gladysz J. A.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two‐Phase Catalysis
Authors: Sinou D.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Propargylboranes
Authors: Kaufmann D. E. , Burmester C.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Iterative Synthesis of Acyclic Deoxypropionate Units and Their Implication in Polyketide‐Derived Natural Products
Authors: Hanessian Stephen , Giroux Simon , Mascitti Vincent
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Labelling of Central Neural System Receptor Ligands with the fac‐[Tc(CO)3]+ Moiety
Authors: Alberto R. , Bernhard J. , Wald J.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
β‐Alkoxyalkyl‐, β‐Sulfanylalkyl‐, and β‐Aminoalkylboranes
Authors: Ali H. Abu , Dembitsky V. M. , Srebnik M.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metalation Chemistry of meso‐Aryl‐Substituted Expanded Porphyrins
Authors: Shimizu Soji , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Advances in Cycloaddition Polymerizations
Authors: Goodall Glenn W. , Hayes Wayne
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Maize in Pre‐Columbian China Found in Bencao Pinhui Jingyao
Authors: Uchibayashi Masao
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
CMOS‐Based Biochemical Sensing Systems
Authors: Lichtenberg J. , Baltes H.
Published: June 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.