bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Decentralized Architecture for Trusted Dataset Sharing Using Smart Contracts and Distributed Storage
Authors: Pincheira Miguel , Donini Elena , Vecchio Massimo , Kanhere Salil
Published: November 2022

The data economy is based on data and information sharing and tremendously impacts society as it facilitates innovative collaborations and decision-making strategies. Nonetheless, most dataset-sharing solutions rely on a centralized authority that rules data ownership, availability, and accessibility. Recent works have explored the integration of distributed storage and blockchain to enhance decentralization, data access, and smart contracts for automating the interactions between actors and data. However, current solutions propose a smart contract design limiting the system’s scalability in terms of actors and shared datasets. Furthermore, little is known about the performance of these architectures when using distributed storage instead of centralized storage approaches. This paper proposes a scalable architecture called DeBlock for data sharing in a trusted way among unreliable actors. The architecture integrates a public blockchain that provides a transparent record of datasets and interactions, with a distributed storage for data storage in a completely decentralized way. Furthermore, the architecture provides a smart-contract design for a transparent catalog of datasets, actors, and interactions with efficient search and retrieval capabilities. To assess the system’s feasibility, robustness, and scalability, we implement a prototype using the Ethereum blockchain and leveraging two decentralized storage protocols, Swarm and IPFS. We evaluate the performance of our proposed system in different scenarios (e.g., varying the amount and size of the shared datasets). Our results demonstrate that our proposal outperforms benchmarks in gas consumption, latency, and resource requirements, especially when increasing the number of actors and shared datasets.
Vehicle Teleoperation: Human in the Loop Performance Comparison of Smith Predictor with Novel Successive Reference-Pose Tracking Approach
Authors: Prakash Jai , Vignati Michele , Sabbioni Edoardo , Cheli Federico
Published: November 2022

Vehicle teleoperation has the ability to bridge the gap between completely automated driving and manual driving by remotely monitoring and operating autonomous vehicles when their automation fails. Among many challenges related to vehicle teleoperation, the considered ones in this work are variable time delay, saturation of actuators installed in vehicle, and environmental disturbance, which together limit the teleoperation performance. State-of-the-art predictive techniques estimate vehicle states to compensate for the delays, but the predictive states do not account for sudden disturbances that the vehicle observes, which makes the human-picked steer inadequate. This inadequacy of steer deteriorates the path-tracking performance of vehicle teleoperation. In the proposed successive reference-pose-tracking (SRPT) approach, instead of transmitting steering commands, the reference trajectory, in the form of successive reference poses, is transmitted to the vehicle. This paper introduces a method of generation of successive reference poses with a joystick steering wheel and compares the human-in-loop path-tracking performance of the Smith predictor and SRPT approach. Human-in-loop experiments (with 18 different drivers) are conducted using a simulation environment that consists of the integration of a real-time 14-DOF Simulink vehicle model and Unity game engine in the presence of bidirectional variable delays. Scenarios for performance comparison are low adhesion ground, strong lateral wind, tight corners, and sudden obstacle avoidance. Result shows significant improvement in reference tracking and in reducing human effort in all scenarios using the SRPT approach.
Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Bamboo Waste via Microwave-Assisted K2CO3 Activation: Adsorption Optimization and Mechanism for Methylene Blue Dye
Authors: Azlan Zahari Khaizuran Fyrdaus , Sahu Uttam Kumar , Khadiran Tumirah , Surip Siti Norasmah , ALOthman Zeid A. , Jawad Ali H.
Published: November 2022

Bamboo waste (BW) was activated with a K2CO3 precursor in a microwave process for the adsorption of MB dye from an aqueous solution. The prepared bamboo-waste-activated carbon (BWAC) was analyzed by instrumental techniques such as FTIR, SEM, and BET analysis. The surface of the BWAC was mesoporous with a surface area of 107.148 m2/g. The MB dye removal was optimized with the three variables of adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) model. Up to 87% of MB was removed in the optimized conditions of adsorbent dose of 0.08 g/100 mL, pH of 7.62, time of 8 min, and concentration of 50 mg/L. Here, the most effective parameter for MB removal was found to be adsorbent dose with an F-value of 121.70, while time and pH showed a smaller effect. The maximum adsorption capacity of BWAC in the optimized conditions was found to be 85.6 mg/g. The adsorption of MB on BWAC’s surface was through chemisorption and a spontaneous process. The adsorption mechanism study showed that three types of interactions are responsible for the removal of MB dye from aqueous solutions by BWAC, i.e., electrostatic interactions, H-bonding, and pi–pi interactions. Hence, BWAC can be considered a highly efficient adsorbent for MB removal from wastewater.
How Does Corporate Charitable Giving Affect Enterprise Innovation? A Literature Review and Research Directions
Authors: Xu Lei , Guo Xiaoning , Liu Yan , Sun Xiaochen , Ji Jie
Published: November 2022

During the past decades, academics and practitioners have basically reached a consensus on the relationship between corporate charitable giving and enterprise innovation. However, so far, few research studies have explored the essential reasons and the influencing mechanisms behind the relationship, through sufficient theoretical or empirical study. To clarify this relationship, this paper collects and reviews 196 related articles which include the topics of corporate philanthropy and corporate innovation over the period of 1966–2022, and analyzes their content in a systematic and comprehensive manner. Based on the literature analysis, it clarifies the current state and the differentiation trends of research topics in this field, then discusses the industry operations and theoretical development of corporate charitable giving. Through literature reviewing and practical analysis, this paper summarizes the mechanism and path of the influence of charitable giving on enterprise innovation from four perspectives: technical network, political reputation, media attention and resource adjustment, and proposes the external factors at macro- and meso-levels. By constructing a multi-level theoretical framework, this paper clarifies the preconditions, key factors and mediating mechanisms of charitable donation affecting enterprise innovation. This paper contributes a novel theoretical perspective for further theoretical development and for effectively managing corporate charitable giving and enterprise innovations. The paper concludes by offering several suggestions for future research on corporate charitable giving.
How Can the Digital Economy and Human Capital Improve City Sustainability
Authors: Zhang Jiaoning , Ma Xiaoyu , Liu Jiamin
Published: November 2022

With the advent of the digital age and urbanization in China, the digital economy (DE) has gradually become a new engine for city sustainability (SUS). DE and SUS rely on human capital (HC) accumulation and development. It is necessary to study the linear and non-linear impact of DE on SUS, and the moderating effect of HC on the relationship between DE and SUS. The data of 278 prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2019 were collected. The fixed-effect model and panel threshold regression model were adopted. The results show that DE can significantly promote SUS, and there is a single threshold of HC. In areas with a low level of HC, DE significantly inhibits SUS, and in areas with a high level of HC, DE particularly promotes SUS. There is a regional heterogeneity about the role of DE on SUS. The innovation is that DE, HC, and SUS are first brought into the same research framework. Furthermore, the impact of specific stages of HC development on the relationship between DE and SUS was quantitatively investigated.
A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Hainan Island’s 2010–2020 Gross Ecosystem Product Accounting
Authors: Zhou Xiaozhen , Wang Qianfeng , Zhang Rongrong , Ren Binyu , Wu Xiaoping , Wu Yue , Tang Jiakui
Published: November 2022

Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) is a single currency to measure the contribution of an ecosystem to society. It is the sum of the value of products and services provided by the ecosystem to humans. Based on this, GEP characterizes the current situation of the ecological environment in a region and can measure the contribution index provided by ecosystems. Based on land use data, rainfall data, soil data, statistical yearbook, DEM and other data, this paper constructs the accounting framework of Hainan Island’s GEP, quantitatively evaluates Hainan Island’s GEP from 2010 to 2020 and analyzes the research results. The results are as follows: (1) The GEP of Hainan Island’s ecosystem rose from 596.404 billion CNY in 2010 to 1032.096 billion CNY in 2020, an increase of about 42.21% with an average annual growth rate of 6.3%. The overall GEP has shown an upward trend. Among them, the value of regulation service accounts for the largest proportion was up to 73–83%. (2) The overall distribution of GEP in Hainan Island is uneven, decreasing from the central mountainous areas to the eastern coastal areas around to the west. In particular, Danzhou City, Wenchang City and Haikou City have higher values, while Tunchang, Baoting County and Wuzhishan City have lower values, and Wuzhishan City has the lowest values. Hainan Island is rich in natural resources, which contain great value. Through the accounting of GEP, we can clearly determine the value of the ecosystem, which can help the relevant departments estimate the GEP of Hainan Island’s ecosystem. It can provide a reference for Hainan to formulate ecological protection and sustainable development policies, and for the GEP estimation of other islands.
Modulation of Asymmetry in Auditory Perception through a Bilateral Auditory Intervention
Authors: Estalayo-Gutiérrez Beatriz , Álvarez-Pasquín María José , Germain Francisco
Published: November 2022

The objective of this work was to analyze the modulating effect of an auditory intervention (AI) on the threshold and symmetry of auditory perception in people with different emotional states. The effects of AI were compared 3 months after using threshold audiometry (air conduction). The studied groups were emotional well-being (EWB) (n = 50, 14 with AI, 36 without AI); anxiety (ANX) (n = 31, 10 with AI, 21 without AI); and mixed group (MIX) (n = 45, 19 with AI, 26 without AI). The EWB group with AI lost the advantage of the left ear due to the hearing gain of the right ear, whereas in EWB without AI, no changes were observed. The ANX group with AI showed a non-significant improvement in both ears, maintaining the left interaural advantage. Interestingly, in the group without AI, the interaural difference was lost. The MIX group did not show interaural differences either with or without AI. However, the AI group showed a lower left ear threshold than that of the right ear, in contrast to the non-AI group. In conclusion, the application of this AI manages to decrease the prioritization of high frequencies, in addition to balance hearing between ears, which could decrease activation in states of anxiety.
Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of MHD Jeffrey Fluid over a Vertical Plate with CPC Fractional Derivative
Authors: Abbas Shajar , Nazar Mudassar , Nisa Zaib Un , Amjad Muhammad , Din Sayed M. El , Alanzi Agaeb Mahal
Published: November 2022

Free convection flow of non-Newtonian fluids over flat, heated surfaces is an important natural phenomenon that also occurs in human-made engineering processes under various physical and mechanical situations. In the current study, the free convection magnetohydrodynamic flow of Jeffrey fluid with heat and mass transfer over an infinite vertical plate is examined. Mathematical modeling is performed using Fourier’s and Fick’s laws, and heat and momentum equations have been obtained. The non-dimensional partial differential equations for energy, mass, and velocity fields are determined using the Laplace transform method in a symmetric manner. Later on, the Laplace transform method is employed to evaluate the results for the temperature, concentration, and velocity fields with the support of Mathcad software. The governing equations, as well as the initial and boundary conditions, satisfy these results. The impacts of fractional and physical characteristics have been shown by graphical illustrations. The obtained fractionalized results are generalized by a more decaying nature. By taking the fractional parameter β,γ→1, the classical results with the ordinary derivatives are also recovered, making this a good direction for symmetry analysis. The present work also has applications with engineering relevance, such as heating and cooling processes in nuclear reactors, the petrochemical sector, and hydraulic apparatus where the heat transfers through a flat surface. Moreover, the magnetized fluid is also applicable for controlling flow velocity fluctuations.
Three-Dimensional Volumetric Analysis of Frontal Ethmoidal Cells and Evaluation of Influential Factors: A Helical Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Ricardo Ana Lúcia Franco , Ogawa Celso Massahiro , Gomes João Pedro Perez , De Rosa Catharina Simioni , Lopes Sérgio Lúcio Pereira de Castro , Braz-Silva Paulo Henrique , Orhan Kaan , Costa Andre Luiz Ferreira
Published: November 2022

In the present study, we aimed to assess frontal ethmoidal cells by using segmentation 3D software to establish a possible correlation between volume variation and both gender and age, as well as a relationship with Keros classification. Helical computed tomography images were obtained from 71 patients for analysis, in which the agger nasi cell, supra agger cell, supra agger frontal cell, supra bulla frontal cell, supraorbital ethmoidal cell, supra bulla cell, and frontal septal cell were identified and segmented to obtain their volume. Significant differences in volume were found for age and gender regarding agger nasi cells (p-value = 0.017), supra agger cells (p-value < 0.001), and frontal septal cells (p-value = 0.049). In the frontal septal cells, an increase of one year in age reduced the volume by 0.309, on average. According to Keros classification, the mean volumes were 10.07 and 25.64, respectively, for types II and III, both being greater than that of type I. Extracting volumetric data by using segmentation software in agger nasi cells, supra agger cells, and frontal septal cells may be useful for obtaining additional information related to age, in addition to possibly contributing to elucidating the anatomical variations in the region and an identification forensic tool.
Parenteral Exposure of Mice to Ricin Toxin Induces Fatal Hypoglycemia by Cytokine-Mediated Suppression of Hepatic Glucose-6-Phosphatase Expression
Authors: Pincus Seth H. , Kyro Alexi , Maresh Grace A. , Peters Tami , Kempa Jacob , Marcotte Tamera K. , Gao Zhanguo , Ye Jianping , Copié Valérie , Song Kejing
Published: November 2022

Ricin toxin is an agent of biodefense concern and we have been developing countermeasures for ricin threats. In doing so, we sought biomarkers of ricin toxicosis and found that in mice parenteral injection of ricin toxin causes profound hypoglycemia, in the absence of other clinical laboratory abnormalities. We now seek to identify the mechanisms underlying this hypoglycemia. Within the first hours following injection, while still normoglycemic, lymphopenia and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion were observed, particularly tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The cytokine response evolved over the next day into a complex storm of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Evaluation of pancreatic function and histology demonstrated marked islet hypertrophy involving predominantly β-cells, but only mildly elevated levels of insulin secretion, and diminished hepatic insulin signaling. Drops in blood glucose were observed even after destruction of β-cells with streptozotocin. In the liver, we observed a rapid and persistent decrease in the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) RNA and protein levels, accompanied by a drop in glucose-6-phosphate and increase in glycogen. TNF-α has previously been reported to suppress G6Pase expression. In humans, a genetic deficiency of G6Pase results in glycogen storage disease, type-I (GSD-1), a hallmark of which is potentially fatal hypoglycemia.
Insights from the Structure of an Active Form of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry5B
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Wang Lin , Kotaka Masayo , Lee Marianne M. , Chan Michael K.
Published: November 2022

The crystal protein Cry5B, a pore-forming protein produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, has been demonstrated to have excellent anthelmintic activity. While a previous structure of the three-domain core region of Cry5B(112–698) had been reported, this structure lacked a key N-terminal extension critical to function. Here we report the structure of Cry5B(27–698) containing this N-terminal extension. This new structure adopts a distinct quaternary structure compared to the previous Cry5B(112–698) structure, and also exhibits a change in the conformation of residues 112–140 involved in linking the N-terminal extension to the three-domain core by forming a random coil and an extended α-helix. A role for the N-terminal extension is suggested based on a computational model of the tetramer with the conformation of residues 112–140 in its alternate α-helix conformation. Finally, based on the Cry5B(27–698) structure, site-directed mutagenesis studies were performed on Tyr495, which revealed that having an aromatic group or bulky group at this residue 495 is important for Cry5B toxicity.
Targeted Sphingolipid Analysis in Heart, Gizzard, and Breast Muscle in Chickens Reveals Possible New Target Organs of Fumonisins
Authors: Guerre Philippe , Gilleron Caroline , Matard-Mann Maria , Nyvall Collén Pi
Published: November 2022

Alteration of sphingolipid synthesis is a key event in fumonisins toxicity, but only limited data have been reported regarding the effects of fumonisins on the sphingolipidome. Recent studies in chickens found that the changes in sphingolipids in liver, kidney, lung, and brain differed greatly. This study aimed to determine the effects of fumonisins on sphingolipids in heart, gizzard, and breast muscle in chickens fed 20.8 mg FB1 + FB2/kg for 9 days. A significant increase in the sphinganine:sphingosine ratio due to an increase in sphinganine was observed in heart and gizzard. Dihydroceramides and ceramides increased in the hearts of chickens fed fumonisins, but decreased in the gizzard. The dihydrosphingomyelin, sphingomyelin, and glycosylceramide concentrations paralleled those of ceramides, although the effects were less pronounced. In the heart, sphingolipids with fatty acid chain lengths of 20 to 26 carbons were more affected than those with 14–16 carbons; this difference was not observed in the gizzard. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis on sphingolipids in the heart allowed chickens to be divided into two distinct groups according to their diet. The same was the case for the gizzard. Pearson coefficients of correlation among all the sphingolipids assayed revealed strong positive correlations in the hearts of chickens fed fumonisins compared to chickens fed a control diet, as well as compared to gizzard, irrespective of the diet fed. By contrast, no effect of fumonisins was observed on sphingolipids in breast muscle.
Inhomogeneous Jets from Neutron Star Mergers: One Jet to Rule Them All
Authors: Lamb Gavin P. , Nativi Lorenzo , Rosswog Stephan , Kann D. Alexander , Levan Andrew , Lundman Christoffer , Tanvir Nial
Published: November 2022

Using the resultant profiles from 3D hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic jets interacting with neutron star merger wind ejecta, we show how the inhomogeneity of energy and velocity across the jet surface profile can alter the observed afterglow lightcurve. We find that the peak afterglow flux depends sensitively on the observer’s line-of-sight, not only via the jet inclination but also through the jet rotation: for an observer viewing the afterglow within the GRB-bright jet core, we find a peak flux variability on the order <0.5 dex through rotational orientation and <1.3 dex for the polar inclination. An observed afterglow’s peak flux can be used to infer the jet kinetic energy, and where a top-hat jet is assumed, we find the range of inferred jet kinetic energies for our various model afterglow lightcurves (with fixed model parameters), covers ∼1/3 of the observed short GRB population. Additionally, we present an analytic jet structure function that includes physically motivated parameter uncertainties due to variability through the rotation of the source. An approximation for the change in collimation due to the merger ejecta mass is included and we show that by considering the observed range of merger ejecta masses from short GRB kilonova candidates, a population of merger jets with a fixed intrinsic jet energy is capable of explaining the observed broad diversity seen in short GRB afterglows.
Hidden Companions Detected by Asteroseismology. I. Two Kepler Field Non-Eclipsing Binaries
Authors: Yang Ming
Published: November 2022

The Kepler space telescope has detected a large number of variable stars. We summarize 2261 δ Scuti and hybrid variables in the literature, and perform time-frequency analysis on these variable stars. Two non-eclipsing binary systems, KIC 5080290 and KIC 5480114, are newly discovered. They both pass more detailed aperture photometry and bright star contamination checks. The results of the time-frequency analysis demonstrate that the companions are stellar objects with orbital periods of approximately 265 days and 445 days, respectively. The orbital parameters of the two systems and the lower mass limits of the companions are obtained. The primary stars of both systems are slightly evolved intermediate-mass stars. The detection of intermediate-mass binary stars is helpful to understand the formation and evolution mechanism of binary stars in this mass region.
Advances in Pediatric HIV-1 Cure Therapies and Reservoir Assays
Authors: Khetan Priya , Liu Yufeng , Dhummakupt Adit , Persaud Deborah
Published: November 2022

Significant advances in the field of HIV-1 therapeutics to achieve antiretroviral treatment (ART)-free remission and cure for persons living with HIV-1 are being made with the advent of broadly neutralizing antibodies and very early ART in perinatal infection. The need for HIV-1 remission and cure arises due to the inability of ART to eradicate the major reservoir for HIV-1 in resting memory CD4+ T cells (the latent reservoir), and the strict adherence to lifelong treatment. To measure the efficacy of these cure interventions on reservoir size and to dissect reservoir dynamics, assays that are sensitive and specific to intact proviruses are critical. In this review, we provided a broad overview of some of the key interventions underway to purge the reservoir in adults living with HIV-1 and ones under study in pediatric populations to reduce and control the latent reservoir, primarily focusing on very early treatment in combination with broadly neutralizing antibodies. We also summarized assays currently in use to measure HIV-1 reservoirs and their feasibility and considerations for studies in children.
Comparison of a Prototype SARS-CoV-2 Lateral Flow IMMUNOASSAY with the BinaxNOWTM COVID-19 Antigen CARD
Authors: Hill Haydon J. , Uppal Timsy , Hau Derrick , Pandit Sujata G. , Arias-Umana Jose , Foster Abigail J. , Gorzalski Andrew , Pflughoeft Kathryn J. , Burnham-Marusich Amanda R. , Reed Dana E. , Gates-Hollingsworth Marcellene A. , Gumbleton Lynette , Verma Subhash C. , AuCoin David P.
Published: November 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. From the onset of the pandemic, rapid antigen tests have quickly proved themselves to be an accurate and accessible diagnostic platform. The initial (and still most commonly used antigen tests) for COVID-19 diagnosis were constructed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid protein (NP). These mAbs are able to bind SARS-CoV-2 NP due to high homology between the two viruses. However, since first being identified in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has continuously mutated, and a multitude of variants have appeared. These mutations have an elevated risk of leading to possible diagnostic escape when using tests produced with SARS-CoV-derived mAbs. Here, we established a library of 18 mAbs specific to SARS-CoV-2 NP and used two of these mAbs (1CV7 and 1CV14) to generate a prototype antigen-detection lateral flow immunoassay (LFI). A side-by-side analysis of the 1CV7/1CV14 LFI and the commercially available BinaxNOWTM COVID-19 Antigen CARD was performed. Results indicated the 1CV7/1CV14 LFI outperformed the BinaxNOWTM test in the detection of BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.5 Omicron sub-variants when testing remnant RT-PCR positive patient nasopharyngeal swabs diluted in viral transport media.
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPV-2 and FPV) Circulating in Wild Carnivores and in Puppies Illegally Imported into North-Eastern Italy
Authors: Leopardi Stefania , Milani Adelaide , Cocchi Monia , Bregoli Marco , Schivo Alessia , Leardini Sofia , Festa Francesca , Pastori Ambra , de Zan Gabrita , Gobbo Federica , Beato Maria Serena , Palei Manlio , Bremini Alessandro , Rossmann Marie-Christin , Zucca Paolo , Monne Isabella , De Benedictis Paola
Published: November 2022

The illegal trade of animals poses several health issues to the global community, among which are the underestimated risk for spillover infection and the potential for an epizootic in both wildlife and domestic naïve populations. We herein describe the genetic and antigenic characterization of viruses of the specie Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 detected at high prevalence in puppies illegally introduced in North Eastern Italy and compared them with those circulating in wild carnivores from the same area. We found evidence of a wide diversity of canine parvoviruses (CPV-2) belonging to different antigenic types in illegally imported pups. In wildlife, we found a high circulation of feline parvovirus (FPV) in golden jackals and badgers, whereas CPV-2 was observed in one wolf only. Although supporting a possible spillover event, the low representation of wolf samples in the present study prevented us from inferring the origin, prevalence and viral diversity of the viruses circulating in this species. Therefore, we suggest performing more thorough investigations before excluding endemic CPV-2 circulation in this species.
Novel 3′ Proximal Replication Elements in Umbravirus Genomes
Authors: Johnson Philip Z. , Reuning Hannah M. , Bera Sayanta , Gao Feng , Du Zhiyou , Simon Anne E.
Published: November 2022

The 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of positive-strand RNA plant viruses commonly contain elements that promote viral replication and translation. The ~700 nt 3′UTR of umbravirus pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV2) contains three 3′ cap-independent translation enhancers (3′CITEs), including one (PTE) found in members of several genera in the family Tombusviridae and another (the 3′TSS) found in numerous umbraviruses and several carmoviruses. In addition, three 3′ terminal replication elements are found in nearly every umbravirus and carmovirus. For this report, we have identified a set of three hairpins and a putative pseudoknot, collectively termed “Trio”, that are exclusively found in a subset of umbraviruses and are located just upstream of the 3′TSS. Modification of these elements had no impact on viral translation in wheat germ extracts or in translation of luciferase reporter constructs in vivo. In contrast, Trio hairpins were critical for viral RNA accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts and for replication of a non-autonomously replicating replicon using a trans-replication system in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Trio and other 3′ terminal elements involved in viral replication are highly conserved in umbraviruses possessing different classes of upstream 3′CITEs, suggesting conservation of replication mechanisms among umbraviruses despite variation in mechanisms for translation enhancement.
The Seroprevalence of Chlamydia Infection in Sheep in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Li Chen-Xu , Gao Jin , Shi Sheng-Rong , Gao Wen-Wei , Zhu Xing-Quan , Lei Yu-Ping , Zhang Yu , Zheng Wen-Bin
Published: November 2022

Chlamydia, an obligate intracellular bacterium, can cause chlamydiosis in humans and animals worldwide and also leads to serious economic losses to the sheep industry. However, the information on Chlamydia infection in sheep was limited in Shanxi Province, northern China. In the present study, a total of 984 serum samples of sheep were collected from 11 regions in Shanxi Province, northern China in the autumn of 2020. The antibodies against Chlamydia and Chlamydia abortus were examined by the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The result showed that 351 (35.67%, 95% CI 32.68–38.66) of 984 serum samples were positive for Chlamydia, and the seroprevalence ranged from 6.67% to 70.79% among the different regions. In addition, antibodies to C. abortus infection were detected in 78 (7.93%, 95% CI 6.24–9.61) of 984 serum samples, and the seroprevalence ranged from 6.24% to 14.81% among the different regions. This is the first report on the seroprevalence of Chlamydia and C. abortus in sheep in Shanxi province, northern China. The findings provide baseline information for preventing and controlling Chlamydia infection in sheep in Shanxi Province, China.
Predicting Residual Astigmatism in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Kawahara Atsushi
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the prediction of postoperative residual astigmatism and to determine the best prediction method for astigmatism correction. In recent findings for residual astigmatism in non-toric monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implanted eyes, vector analysis can be used to correctly evaluate residual astigmatism by decomposing it. In predicting residual astigmatism, the with-the-rule (WTR) and against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism components can now be almost predicted. This may be due to advances in inspection equipment and surgical technique. However, there are still issues with the oblique astigmatism component. In addition, corneal astigmatism is the most important predictor of postoperative residual astigmatism, and other predictors, such as refractive astigmatism, age, and lens thickness, have also been mentioned. However, all but corneal astigmatism are questionable because of the possibility of confounding variables. Total corneal astigmatism is more accurate in predicting residual astigmatism than anterior corneal astigmatism. Several predictions of residual astigmatism have been reported, but complete prediction has not been possible. Further research is needed, especially in predicting oblique astigmatism. However, I emphasize that the accuracy of predicting WTR and ATR astigmatism has improved considerably and can be predicted using regression equations with total corneal astigmatism.
Optimizing Torque Delivery for an Energy-Limited Electric Race Car Using Model Predictive Control
Authors: Maull Thomas , Schommer Adriano
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a torque controller for the energy optimization of the powertrain of an electric Formula Student race car. Limited battery capacity within electric race car designs requires energy management solutions to minimize lap time while simultaneously controlling and managing the overall energy consumption to finish the race. The energy-managing torque control algorithm developed in this work optimizes the finite onboard energy from the battery pack to reduce lap time and energy consumption when energy deficits occur. The longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle were represented by a linearized first-principles model and validated against a parameterized electric Formula Student race car model in commercial lap time simulation software. A Simulink-based model predictive controller (MPC) architecture was created to balance energy use requirements with optimum lap time. This controller was tested against a hardware-limited and torque-limited system in a constant torque request and a varying torque request scenario. The controller decreased the elapsed time to complete a 150 m straight-line acceleration by 11.4% over the torque-limited solution and 13.5% in a 150 m Formula Student manoeuvre.
Possibilities of structure modifying therapy of subcompensated gonarthrosis
Authors:   FSBE Institution of Higher Education ", Minasov T. B. ,   Bashkir State Medical University",   of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minasov B. S. ,   FSBE Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ginoyan A. O. ,   FSBE Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Imaeva A. K. ,   FSBE Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Vishnyakov D. S. ,   Department of pat. Anatomy of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bashkir State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nurlygayanov R. Z. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 21, Ufa, Yakupova E. R. ,   FSBE Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2022

This study shows that a combined treatment regimen consisting of a NSAID group drug and a slow-acting chondroprotective agent has a positive effect in the therapy of subcompensated osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Diacerein has an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibits the activity of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and TNF-alpha, as well as collagenase and elastase, which destroy the hyaline cartilage. However, the effect of the drug does not occur immediately, which justifies its combination with NSAIDs.
Influence of tobacco smoking on the functional state of the male cardiovascular system
Authors:   Chechen State University named after A. A. Kadyrov, Anzorov V. A. , Moryakina S. V. ,   Chechen State University named after A. A. Kadyrov
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the data on functional state of the male cardiovascular system, depending on the period of tobacco smoking. The analysis of the research results shows that tobacco smoking leads to a significant increase in heart rate, blood pressure, pulsatility, average dynamic arterial pressure, minute blood volume, and circulatory efficiency ratio. Gradually increasing, the heart rate reached a maximum value of 86.6 (P <0.001) beats per minute in the group with over 20 years of smoking, while in the control group it was 73.2.The highest level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 138.7 (P<0.001) and 88.8 (P<0.001) mm Hg. in the group of smokers with the smoking experience of more than 20 years, while in non-smokers the indicators were 114.1 and 73.9, respectively. The maximum level of pulsatility was 49.9 (P<0.001) and that of average dynamic arterial pressure — 109.8 (P<0.001) mm Hg., identified in the group of smokers with over 20 years of smoking, while the initial levels were 40.2 and 90.8, respectively. The range of systolic blood volume between the groups was 4.3 ml. Minute blood volume in groups of men under 20 years and over increased to 4.11 (P <0.01) and 4.06 (P <0.02) l/min, while in the group of non-smokers it accounted for 3.69. The increase in the duration of tobacco smoking led to a slight increase in peripheral resistance. As the smoking period lengthens, the circulatory efficiency value undergoes a gradual increase, reaching a maximum value of 4,323 (P <0.001) in the group with over 20 years of smoking, while in the control group it was 1,898. The difference between the maximum and minimum circulatory efficiency values between the experimental male groups was 1.3.
November 22 — Russian Psychologist Day
Authors:   Kremenskaya Central District Hospital, Belgorod, E. V. Frolova E. V. Frolova
Published: November 2022

In October, the world community traditionally celebrates Mental Health Day, which has been held on the initiative of the World Federation for Mental Health since 1992. In addition, in Russia in 1994 it was proposed to celebrate the day of the psychologist as well, as a tribute to the people involved in this hard work. On November 22, 1994, on the initiative of the Moscow State University, the Russian Psychological Society was established, and most psychologists consider this day to be their holiday. It is noteworthy that the Faculty of Psychology of the Moscow State University was organized in 1954 exactly on November 22.
Social protection and local government in Ethiopian private organization: the case of Ayehu and Birshelko privatized farm workers
Authors: Chekol Yayew Genet , Nigusie Alemu Asfaw , Admasu Mulunesh Dessie
Published: November 2022

This paper tried to investigate the social protection dimension in terms of the nature of citizenship and local government among the workers of Ayehu and Birshelko privatized farm investments in Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia. Methodologically, a mixed research approach with a sequential exploratory design was used, whereby qualitative data was first collected, followed by quantitative data. Such methods of data collection as interviews, focus group discussions, observation, document review and questionnaires were employed to gather empirical data. Accordingly, the study found out that the workers in these two farms are organized under a kebele government administrative structure, just like other citizens of Ethiopia; they obtain some governmental services and social provisions. However, the workers also face serious challenges by virtue of being located on farms that are delinked from the neighboring rural communities, and they are at the periphery concerning basic government services. These predicaments basically emerge from the structural fault lines of kebele administrative logic and the lack of proper implementation of the citizenship rights as stipulated in the constitution.
Virus del papiloma humano de alto riesgo y factores asociados en mujeres de Ecuador
Authors: Salazar Torres Zoila Katherine , Heredia Cortez Joselyn Madelaine , Zhingre Suárez Alicia Esperanza , Cárdenas Heredia Freddy Rosendo
Published: November 2022

El cáncer de cérvix en el 99% de los casos, es causado por el Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) de alto riesgo, su prevalencia es elevada en países de bajos ingresos debido a la escasez de recursos para realizar programas generalizados de detección precoz, inmunización y tratamiento adecuado. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la frecuencia y los factores de riesgo de las infecciones del VPH de alto riesgo, en mujeres de 21 a 65 años de tres cantones de la zona 6 del Ecuador, periodo 2019. Este fue un estudio analítico, de corte transversal; con una muestra de registros clínicos de 109 pacientes encuestadas a partir del proyecto de epidemiologia en la provincia de El Oro que cumplieron los criterios inclusión. Los datos se recogieron en un formulario validado por método Delphi. Se usó programa SPSS v 24, para la asociación de las variables: Intervalo de Confianza 95%, Chi cuadrado (con valor de p < 0.05), Odds Ratio. Los resultados observados fueron de 31 (28,4%) casos de pacientes con VPH AR, de estas se identificó como el genotipo más común al VPH AR 39 (11,01%) en las participantes del estudio, seguido del VPH AR 31 (8,26%). Fueron factores considerados asociados a la infección del VPH AR sin significancia estadística el inicio de la vida sexual (IVSA) antes de los 20 años (OR = 1,2); y el número de parejas sexuales igual o mayor a 2 (OR = 1,7). Se concluye que el inicio de vida sexual temprano y el numero compañeros sexuales fueron factores asociados, pero sin significancia estadística.
Intervención terapéutica en niños con secuelas de toxoplasmosis
Authors: Villacís Jácome Juan Enrique , Morales Fonseca Cristhian Fabricio , Romero Vega Jimena Verónica , Jaya Ugsha Edgar Fernando
Published: November 2022

La toxoplasmosis es una patología parasitaria que es producida por la presencia de un protozoo a nivel intracelular. Tiene varias consecuencias tanto en adultos como en niños, sin embargo, en estos últimos se han evidenciado secuelas como las discapacidades. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión de información de la intervención terapéutica en niños con secuelas de toxoplasmosis. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en buscadores académicos incluyendo los descriptores: discapacidad, discapacidad física, sensorial e intelectual, intervención psicoterapéutica, intervención terapéutica, toxoplasmosis y toxoplasmosis congénita. Se logró compilar información y se delimitó las secuelas de la toxoplasmosis en dos tipos de discapacidad: intelectual y sensorial. Dentro de esta última, se encontró la prevalencia de las deficiencias a nivel auditivo y visual como consecuencias. Resultados. Se brindó una definición de cada término, así como también la importancia de mantener una perspectiva de derechos e inclusiva al momento de realizar una intervención Psicológica. Conclusiones. A nivel de la Psicología Clínica se identificó que no existe un tratamiento específicamente para las secuelas de toxoplasmosis, sin embargo, el objetivo terapéutico gira en torno a las necesidades individuales de cada sujeto, en este caso, sobre las discapacidades de la población infantil.
La expresión de la categoría gramatical de tiempo en la Lengua de Señas Colombiana
Authors: Dieck Marianne , Naranjo Orozco Luisa Fernanda
Published: November 2022

El siguiente artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación reciente que pretende, desde la perspectiva descriptiva, analizar un aspecto puntual de la gramática de la Lengua de Señas Colombiana (LSC), que, como muchos otros aspectos morfosintácticos de esta lengua, aún no ha sido explorado de forma sistemática: las estrategias formales para la expresión del tiempo gramatical. El análisis se basa en un corpus recogido en 2013 y 2019 con cinco señantes sordos de Medellín. Se consideran contrastivamente estrategias para la expresión del tiempo encontradas en lenguas orales (como las reportadas en Comrie, 1985) y en otras lenguas de señas (ver p.ej. Baker, Van den Bogaerde, Pfau y Schermer, 2016). En el análisis se tuvieron en cuenta los dos componentes semánticos básicos de la noción de tiempo gramatical: la orientación y la distancia de los eventos con respecto a un punto cero u origen, y más concretamente, los siguientes aspectos: el cuerpo como punto cero, las marcas adverbiales de tiempo, las estrategias morfológicas, el orden sintáctico de las marcas de tiempo en la oración simple, la neutralización temporal, el presente como tiempo no marcado y la orientación temporal indirecta.
A eficácia da Lei de Execução Penal na ressocialização dos reeducandos e os direitos inerentes na reabilitação do indivíduo ao ser liberto
Authors: Homsi Luiz Carlos El , Oliveira Pedro Henrique
Published: November 2022

O preso para ser inserido na sociedade, precisa ser submetido ao caráter preventivo e punitivo, entretanto, a realidade dos presídios no Brasil, nos apresentam justamente o contrário, pois as condições sub-humanas dos presídios brasileiros tendem a desgastar ainda mais o sujeito. São muitos os fatores que levam a essa gravidade, que pode ser constatada, que vão desde as condições prisionais lotadas a ausência de alimentação adequada para a sobrevivência dos presos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um estudo bibliográfico sobre a eficácia da Lei de Execução Penal e a real situação do sistema prisional e suas consequências na omissão dos direitos inerentes do apenado que deveria retornar à sociedade devidamente ressocializado. A metodologia utilizada para a realização deste estudo será a pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória. Conclui-se que para que o preso seja inserido na sociedade, precisa ser submetido ao caráter preventivo e punitivo do processo de ressocialização e reabilitado na sociedade de forma apropriada, de forma a obter a eficácia devida dos reeducandos e do mesmo obter os direitos inerentes na reabilitação do indivíduo ao ser liberto.
A influência da industria 4.0 na arrecadação e manutenção da superintendência da zona franca de Manaus - Suframa
Authors: Gomes Sandro Rogério Ferreira
Published: November 2022

A Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus (SUFRAMA) tem um papel de relevância na região da Amazônia Ocidental e no estado do Amapá. Seu objetivo é a promoção do desenvolvimento regional. A instituição administra e controla os incentivos fiscais concedidos às empresas sediadas dentro da sua área de atuação. A indústria 4.0 (I4.0) já se faz presente em todo mundo, trazendo novas tecnologias com o intuito de melhorar a produção em larga escala. Várias destas tecnologias trazem consequências diretas como a redução da mão de obra humana não qualificada, gera a preocupação com a sustentabilidade do modelo pois a SUFRAMA tem, em sua gênese, a autossuficiência financeira advindas de taxas cobradas pelos serviços realizados.  Além destas, uma possível perda de competitividade do Polo Industrial de Manaus – PIM também cria um alerta que necessita ser analisado. O presente estudo, apresenta cenários propostos por meio da simulação de Monte Carlo, tendo como base os dados históricos do PIM para avaliar as repercussões destes cenários, considerando a implementação de tecnologias da I4.0 nas principais empresas do Polo Industrial de Manaus – PIM e avaliando o comportamento dos principais fatores que impactam o modelo, como a variação cambial, o volume de exportações e a importação de insumos. A aplicação da ferramenta computacional mostrou-se eficiente para avaliar os impactos destes fatores nos resultados obtidos pelo PIM e mostrou-se um exercício capaz para a avaliação do futuro do modelo.
Simulação e análise ambiental do processo de purificação do metilciclohexano por destilação extrativa com uso de software livre
Authors: Silveira Vitoria Ingrid Figueira , Sousa Maria Luana Crystina de Sousa e , Fonseca Jéssica Correa da , Rossi Arley Silva
Published: November 2022

Nas últimas décadas, a indústria química tem buscado desenvolver processos mais ambientalmente favoráveis. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto ambiental do processo de purificação do metilciclohexano através da destilação extrativa com etilbenzeno como solvente. Existem diferentes tipos de indicadores ambientais na engenharia que podem ser empregados para avaliar um processo químico, entre os vários, pode-se destacar o algoritmo WAR. Essa metodologia avalia o potencial de impacto ambiental (PEI) a partir dos dados do balanço de massa e energia do processo. O presente trabalhou utilizou o software iiSE para construir o fluxograma do processo e fornecer os dados necessário de balanço material para análise ambiental. O iiSE é um simulador de processos de estado estacionário orientado para equações. Nesse estudo, a pureza do metilciclohexano obtida foi de 90,8%, um pouco abaixo dos valores exigidos pelo mercado (>98%). O metilcilclohexano perdido no processo influenciando negativamente a análise ambiental do método, devido ao alto teor de compostos orgânicos. Diante disto, os resultados alcançados mostram que é preciso otimizar os parâmetros operacionais atuais das colunas ou investigar outros tipos de solventes.