bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMMUNICATING SOURCE SEPARATION OF URINE
Authors: Hörnlein Stefanie , Mehling Simon , Londong Jörg
Published: March 2021

One of the main issues regarding the implementation of source-separation-based sanitation systems is user acceptance, which is related directly to the state of knowledge of citizens. A communication platform for the exhibition and interactive information on the topic of resource-oriented sanitation (ROS) was developed as part of the P-BANK transdisciplinary project. The P-BANK platform is based on a toilet in the public space. The communication concept focusses on the actual use of the toilets and the surrounding nutrient cycle. The central object of the communication at the P-BANK, as its name suggests, is the macronutrient phosphorus. This simplification creates a symbolic effect which is supported by the ambiguity of the sound of the chemical symbol “P” for phosphorus in connection with urinating (to pee). Furthermore, this reduction aims at shortening the messages and simplifying the information transfer. In the first project phase, the transportable system was field-tested and evaluated in the context of the 100th anniversary of the Bauhaus in Weimar. After positive reviews and experiences concerning the performance of the technical facilities and the success of the communication concept, the P-BANK will be tested and evaluated in further awareness-raising campaigns.
Extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour Using Behavioural Economics to Reduce and Access Small WEEE Anthropogenic Stocks
Authors: Pierron Xavier , Williams Ian , Shaw Peter
Published: March 2021

From an urban mining perspective stockpiles of Waste of Electronic and Electrical Equipment (WEEE) by individuals represent anthropogenic stocks that could be exploited for precious and critical resources. The current challenge resides in minimising these stocks generation, as well as accessing the resources they represent. Behavioural models such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) have been used in waste and resources management studies to understand WEEE end-of-use intentions and behaviours. But the results have been uneven and the very presence of these anthropogenic stocks is the acknowledgement that these models need to be adapted. Based on a review from the waste and resources management literature we found that TPB models incorporating emotions tended to have higher variance explained for intention, but the intention-behaviour gap remained strong. To explain this gap for small WEEE we propose using variables associating emotions with decision-making biases and tendencies that affect individual behaviours. This study is a theoretical elaboration supporting future empirical testing. A TPB extended with behavioural economics could better model small WEEE end-of-use decisions. Improved understanding of small WEEE urban mines generation could, in turn, inform policy and incentives design to transform these anthropogenic stocks into flows of resources within a circular economy.
RECOVERY OF METALS FROM ELECTROACTIVE COMPONENTS OF SPENT Ni-MH BATTERIES AFTER LEACHING WITH FORMIC ACID
Authors: Gismonti Pedro Rosário , Paulino Jéssica Frontino , Afonso Julio
Published: March 2021

this work describes a route for recovering nickel, cobalt, iron, zinc and lanthanides from spent nickel-metal hydride batteries. Formic acid was used as leachant. Experiments were run at 25-50°C for 1-4 h. Under the best conditions leaching yields surpassed 99 wt.%, except for iron. The insoluble matter contains almost solely iron as iron(III) basic formate. The leachate went through six separation procedures, combining solvent extraction with D2EHPA as extractant, and precipitation reactions. Fe2+ and Zn2+ were extracted together (> 99 wt.%) from the original leachate (pH ~1.5). Yttrium and lanthanides were precipitated as oxalates directly from the raffinate (> 99.9 wt.%) upon addition of sodium oxalate. In the next steps, Mn2+ and Co2+ were extracted with D2EHPA at buffered pH (3 and ~4.8, respectively), after adding NaOHaq. About 10 wt.% of leached Ni2+ was coextracted with Co2+. The remaining Ni2+ was precipitated from the raffinate after addition of aqueous sodium oxalate at pH 6. After precipitation of Al3+ upon addition of NaOHaq. until pH ~8, sodium formate was recovered after slow evaporation of the final aqueous solution at 60oC. It contains ~90 wt.% of the formate present in the leachant.
HAZARDOUS WASTE CLASSIFICATION: REVIEW OF WORST CASE TO LESS WORST CASE METAL SPECIES WITH A WORKED EXAMPLE FOR A CONTAMINATED SOIL
Authors: Bishop Ian , Hennebert Pierre
Published: March 2021

The classification of waste as either hazardous or non-hazardous, especially for mixtures such as contaminated soils, ashes, filter cakes and sludges, is not straight forward. In particular, as the laboratories can only measure total metal concentrations, both the European and the UK technical guidance state that if the classifier doesn’t know exactly which metal species is in their waste, then they should start from a worst case species and use lines of evidence to work towards a more reasonable (less hazardous) species. However, the guidance doesn’t define or list worst case nor less worst case species. While some authors have documented worst case species, this is only in relation to documenting the concentrations at which each hazard property is triggered for a given worst case species.
This paper addresses this gap. It documents how to define both the worst case species and more importantly, lists less worst case species for 32 elements and 204 metal species; species based on those listed in the European legislation but also supplemented by species that haven’t (yet) been included in this legislation but are significant nevertheless. For each species, the paper tabulates the hazard property that triggers first, metal concentrations, conversion factors and other metadata, species by species, in descending order of hazard.
Finally, to demonstrate how to use the data, either manually or by utilizing commercial software, the paper will give a worked example for a contaminated soil, showing how classifiers can use the list to help move from a worst case to a less worst case species.
PLASTIC WASTE AND ITS ARTISTIC CONTEXT
Authors: Donkor Evans Kwadwo , Micah Victor Kweku Bondzie , Akomea David
Published: March 2021

The prevalence use and handling of plastics have become a global menace to the environment. This menace has even led to a national discourse on banning plastics in Ghana. The plastic waste situation seems to be an oblivious less concerned by some Ghanaian sculptors, engineers and scientists on its artistic exploration and contribution to the quota of environmental sanitation in Ghana. However, having identified the artistic qualities of plastics, this article seeks to transform plastic waste into art by exploring and analysing non-biodegradable polyethylene as a viable and unconventional material for sculpture. The focus of this studio-based research employed the Praxis with arts-based recycling approach as technique and procedures to create a bust from plastic waste as a means of establishing its viability as an unconventional material for sculpture. It was established from the outcome of the research that plastics as non-biodegradable material should not be seen as an environmental menace, but a viable and unconventional material for sculptors and other professionals like engineers and scientists beyond Ghana must also expand on this research further.
Nomenclatura y diagnóstico de la amiloidosis desde una perspectiva histórica
Authors: Aguirre María Adela , Carretero Marcelina , Nucifora Elsa , Posadas María Lourdes
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La amiloidosis es una enfermedad crónica infrecuente, que se caracteriza por el depósito extracelular de proteínas fibrilares en diversos órganos y tejidos. Las manifestaciones clínicas se basan según el sitio de los depósitos y de la proteína precursora involucrada. La principal herramienta de diagnóstico es la sospecha clínica.  El pronóstico suele ser sombrío. El objetivo de este estudio es describir los acontecimientos que fueron sucediendo en el tiempo para llegar a lo que conocemos en la actualidad como amiloidosis. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio exploratorio, narrativo, de carácter histórico. Se revisaron fuentes primarias y fuentes documentales existentes. Desarrollo: Las primeras descripciones de pacientes con amiloidosis datan de mediados de 1600 d.c. Éstas eran descripciones anatómicas, reportadas a partir de autopsias de pacientes. Las primeras aproximaciones al diagnóstico  fueron a través de tinciones con iodo y anilinas, llegando por último a la difracción por rayos x, y la microscopía con luz polarizada bajo tinción con rojo Congo. Conclusiones: A pesar de ser una entidad nosológica conocida desde hace cuatro siglos, las dificultades para caracterizar el origen y comprender la fisiopatología de la amiloidosis aún permanecen. Durante décadas hubo controversias acerca de la nomenclatura y la naturaleza del material amiloideo. El diagnóstico y el manejo de esta enfermedad siguen dependiendo de los avances en la tecnología, siendo actualmente un desafío en el manejo de los pacientes que padecen amiloidosis.
Angiofibroma nasal juvenil con importante afectación locorregional
Authors: Ramon y Cajal Calvo Juan , Vela Gajón Pablo , Bello Franco Carlota , Gimeno Peribañez Maria Jose , Tejero Garcés Galve Gloria
Published: March 2021

El angiofibroma nasal juvenil es un tumor de carácter benigno, caracterizado por la vascularización abundante y tendencia a la hemorragia. A pesar de su histología benigna, puede presentar un crecimiento localmente expansivo que suele presentar una remodelación ósea y efecto masa de estructuras adyacentes. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 15 años de edad, que acude al servicio de urgencias de nuestro centro por epistaxis de repetición. Tras la exploración física se deciden realizar pruebas de imagen (TC y RM) que ponen de manifiesto la presencia de una gran masa hipervascular en la fosa nasal derecha y seno maxilar. El paciente es intervenido quirurgícamente previa embolización del tumor.
Población hospitalizada con diagnóstico de Covid-19 en los centros de salud públicos de la región sudeste del Gran Buenos Aires
Authors: Yacobitti Alejandro , Otero Lisandro j. , Doldan Arruabarrena Valeria Soledad , Arano Juan , Lage Sergio , Silberman Martín , Zubieta Martín , Erbetta Ilda , Danei Patricia , Baeck Gertrudis , Vallejos Virgina , Cavalli Federico , Calderón Nicolás , Di Gregorio Maximiliano , Hernández Viviana , Bruno Daniela , Rodera Beatriz , Parisi David , Macherett Ignacio , Gallastegui Matías , Paz Andrea , Bernardi Rubén , Azcárate Sandra , Hraste A , Caridi Inés , Boechi Leonardo , Kochen Silvia
Published: March 2021

Introducción: En el presente trabajo se describen las características clínicas y las intervenciones para minimizar la morbimortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de COVID-19.

Métodos: Es una investigación de cohorte prospectiva de pacientes que recibieron respuesta de los Centros de Salud en la región sudeste (RS) del área metropolitana (AMBA) desde el 8 de abril hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2020. Se utilizó una Sala de Situación epidemiológica con dos tableros de monitoreo y seguimiento, uno de gestión de camas y otro de gestión de pacientes.

Resultados: Durante el periodo analizado se internaron2.588pacientes con diagnóstico COVID-19 confirmados, 1.943 con sospecha de patología COVID-19, y 1.464sujetos con otras patologías. El 55% de los pacientes eran hombres y la edad media fue de 51 años. Hubo 82,8% pacientes con enfermedades preexistentes, hipertensión y diabetes fueron las más frecuentes. El 14% fue hospitalizado en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. La mortalidad de la cohorte fue del 15,05%, la mortalidad fue mayor para los hombres, con una edad media de 60 años, el 92,65% tenía alguna enfermedad preexistente.

Conclusión: Nuestra cohorte es más joven que otros trabajos publicados. Las personas mayores, los hombres y las personas con comorbilidades tienen mayor riesgo de mortalidad relacionada con COVID-19. El sistema de salud público pudo responder a la demanda sin llegar a colapsar las instituciones hospitalarias.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LABORATORY MEASUREMENT OF AIRBORNE SOUND INSULATION BASED ON ISO AND ASTM STANDARDS IN NATIONAL STANDARDIZATION AGENCY OF INDONESIA (BSN)
Authors: Dwisetyo Bondan , Palupi Maharani Ratna , Utomo Fajar Budi , Putri Chery Chaen , Rusjadi Dodi , Prasasti Ninuk Ragil , Hermawanto Denny
Published: March 2021

The implementation of laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation based on ISO and ASTM standards was carried out at SNSU BSN. The aim of this work to realize the measurement of airborne sound insulation for several sample tests, where the procedure of the test is performed according to the updated standard ISO 10140 and ASTM E90. Besides, the single number rating also is determined based on ISO 717-1 and ASTM E413. This measurement has been conducted in the two reverberation rooms using pressure method consist of measuring the sound pressure level, measuring the reverberation time, obtaining the sound reduction index (R) or sound transmission loss (STL), and determination of a single-number ratings of the samples test. From the results, some parameter requirements such as the frequency range and the rounding procedure of R or STL influence the measurement result slightly. Subsequently, the significant difference is obtained for the determination of single number rating in the shifting procedure of the reference curve.
PENERAPAN PROSES PANAS PADA INDUSTRI KECIL DAN MENENGAH PANGAN BIR PLETOK WILAYAH JAKARTA SELATAN
Authors: Sunandar Ibnu Hasan , Wulandari Nur , Budi Faleh Setia
Published: March 2021

Bir pletok adalah minuman tradisional yang memiliki tingkat keasaman rendah. Setiap industri kecil menengah pangan (IKMP) bir pletok perlu mengendalikan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keamanan serta umur simpan produk yang dihasilkannya, khususnya untuk menghindari proses termal yang tidak tepat yang dapat meningkatkan risiko keamanan produk. Selain itu, data validasi proses untuk memeriksa kecukupan panas di IKMP bir pletok juga belum tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh profil proses produksi bir pletok di IKMP yang menggunakan teknologi proses termal, serta mendapatkan data parameter proses termal dalam rangka pemenuhan persyaratan kecukupan panas. Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu: (1) pengumpulan data IKMP bir pletok di Kota Jakarta Selatan; 2) pengembangan dan validasi kuesioner; (3) pelaksanaan survei di IKMP bir pletok; (4) pengujian masa simpan sampel bir pletok terpilih; (5) pengolahan data; serta (6) penyusunan rekomendasi. Aplikasi proses termal yang dilakukan oleh IKMP bir pletok menggunakan 2 metode yaitu pasteurisasi dan proses pengisian panas (hot filling). Proses produksi di IKMP bir pletok dengan kode BP2 merupakan proses yang paling baik di antara IKMP bir pletok lainnya.  Produk BP2 memiliki pH akhir 5,2, dengan suhu pengisian 73,3 °C, headspace 5,3 cm, dengan total mikroba (total plate count/TPC) tidak terdeteksi, serta nilai angka kapang dan kamir yang juga tidak terdeteksi.  Kemasan yang digunakan adalah botol kaca 525 mL, dengan masa simpan mencapai 2 bulan. 
Sejarah Pemikiran Ekonomi Pada Masa Bani Umayyah, Abbasiyah dan Turki Utsmani
Authors: Lusiana Anisa
Published: March 2021

Perekonomian merupakan salah satu unsur terpenting dalam memperlancar proses pembangunan suatu negara. Sebab merosotnya perekonomian suatu negara akan berpengaruh terhadap proses pelaksanaan pembangunan yang akan dilakukan. Oleh karenanya untuk mengetahui terkait dengan perkembangan ekonomi khususnya ekonomi islam, tidak lepas dari segi sejarahnya. Ada beberapa pemikir-pemikir ekonomi yang terkenal pada masanya, yaitu pada masa Bani Umayyah, Bani Abbasiyah dan pada masa Turki Utsmani.
NSAIDs, SARS CoV-2 ORF Proteins, Caspases, and CARD14: Solving the Mystery of COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Kelleni Mina
Published: March 2021

Updated, peer reviewed and published https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-021-00896-7#Sec7 In this manuscript we further build on our previous suggested potential beneficial effects of using NSAIDs as first choice drugs in COVID-19 management while discussing the role that SARS CoV-2 ORF proteins induced caspases play in the pathophysiology of SARS CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we postulate that CARD 14, a caspase recruitment domain-containing protein of the membrane-associated guanylate kinases family, mutations might share a role in development of severe and critical COVID-19.
KONSEP EKONOMI PADA MASA BANI UMAYYAH, ABBASIYAH DAN TURKI USMANI
Authors: Musfira Ainun
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang konsep ekonomi pada masa dinasti Abbasiyah Umayyah dan Turki Utsmani
Kungliga Tekniska högskolan Holdings / Keyword: Vietnamese Social Sciences
Authors: Si H.L. Cu
Published: March 2021

Kungliga Tekniska högskolan Holdings / Keyword: Vietnamese Social Sciences (Book Holding)
Ekonomi pada masa Bani umayyah, Bani abbasiyah dan Turki Ustmani
Authors: septiani Dian
Published: March 2021

Untuk mengetahui pemikiran ekonomi pada masa Bani umayyah Bani abbasiyah dan Turki ustmani
Ekonomi masa dinasti bani umayya, abbasiyah, dan turki utsmani
Authors: Magfirah Aisyah
Published: March 2021

Pada masa pemerintahan Mu’awiyah, beliau mendirikan kantor catatan negara dan merancang pola pengiriman surat melalui pos (al-barid) serta seluruh fasilitaspendukungnya. mencetak mata uang, mengembangkan jabatan qadi (hakim) sebagaijabatan profesional. Kebijakan moneter mempunyai peranan yang penting untukmengendalikan jalannya pemerintahan. Bahkan moneter merupakan unsur utama dalamkehidupan suatu bangsa, banyak sekali permasalahan karena disebabkan manajemenmoneter yang buruk
A flow control algorithm for high-speed computer networks
Authors: Millán Ginno
Published: March 2021

Developing an effective flow control algorithm to avoid congestion is a hot topic in computer network society. This paper gives a mathematical model for general network at first, and then discrete control theory is proposed as a key tool to design a new flow control algorithm for congestion avoidance in high speed network, the proposed algorithm assures the stability of network system. The simulation results show that the proposed method can adjust the sending rate and queue level in buffer rapidly and effectively. The method is easy to implement and apply to high-speed computer network.
Sách vẫn còn giá trị sử dụng
Authors: Si H.L. Cu
Published: March 2021

Sách học thuật vẫn có chỗ đứng của chúng trong kho tàng khoa học nhân loại, mặc dù không còn vị thế trọng yếu như thủa xa xưa.
WebCat: Library catalogue of the University of Southampton / Keyword: Vietnamese Social Sciences
Authors: Si H.L. Cu
Published: March 2021

WebCat: Library catalogue of the University of Southampton / Keyword: Vietnamese Social Sciences; https://www-lib.soton.ac.uk/uhtbin/cgisirsi/?ps=GfYc3A8gik/HARTLEY/X/9
Konsep Ekonomi Pada Masa Dinasti Bani Umayya, Bani Abbasiyah dan Turki Utsmani
Authors: Inayah Fitrah Rahma
Published: March 2021

Konsep dan teori ekonomi dalam Islam pada hakikatnya merupakan respon pada cendikiawan Muslim terhadap berbagai tantangan ekonomi pada waktu tertentu. Ini juga berarti bahwa pemikiran ekonomi Islam sesuai Islam itu sendiri. Banyak ekonom muslim lahir di masa Dinasti Umayyah dan Turki Utsmani dibanding di masa sebelumnya khulafa’ al-rashidin. Hal ini bisa dijadikan alasan bahwa tumbuhnya pemikir muslim tentang ekonomi tidak bebas dari kenyataan-kenyataan yang tumbuh di zaman yang melahirkan menjadi pemikir yang ahli dibidang-bidang tertentu.
Kondisi Penanggulangan Penyakit Tuberkulosis di Indonesia
Authors: Salsabilla Afifah , Qori Fathiani
Published: March 2021

Tuberkulosis menjadi pembunuh utama penderita HIV dan salah satu dari 10 penyebab kematian di seluruh dunia. Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pada umumnya menyerang paru dan sebagian menyerang bagian tubuh lain seperti ginjal, tulang belakang dan otak. Kondisi penanggulangan penyakit tuberkulosis di Indonesia sudah cukup baik. Indonesia menggunakan strategi DOTS sebagai penanggulangan Tuberkulosis prioritas tinggi dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang telah direkomendasikan oleh WHO sejak tahun 1995
Ethnicity nexus in federalism and the [mis]management of diversity in Africa
Authors: Olaiya Taiwo
Published: March 2021

Studies on the promise that federalism holds in constituting political order by way of devolutionary mechanisms in a plural society and the seemingly elusive management of diversity in African federal states are in the legions. However, scanty attention has been devoted to the cog attributable to ethnicity in constraining the management of diversity in spite of the promising roles of federalism in the federal states of Africa. The article examines the ethnicity nexus amidst the dominant political and socio-cultural realities that shape the management of diversity in African federal states. Four mutually reinforcing factors— uncritical state-making, political entrepreneurship and elitist power plays, ethno-regional nationalisms, and prebendal politics— undermining federal practices and, ultimately, exacerbating the management of diversity are reported. The article also considers relevant empiricism and critical conceptual questions that emerge from ethnicity in Africa. Empirical illustrations are restricted to Nigeria and Ethiopia: Africa’s appreciably largest federations.
Correcting for outcome reporting bias in a meta-analysis: A meta-regression approach
Authors: van Aert Robbie Cornelis Maria , Wicherts Jelte M.
Published: March 2021

Outcome reporting bias (ORB) refers to the biasing effect caused by researchers selectively reporting outcomes based on their statistical significance. ORB leads to inflated average effect size estimates in a meta-analysis if only the outcome with the largest effect size is reported due to ORB. We propose a new method (CORB) to correct for ORB that includes an estimate of the variability of the outcomes' effect size as a moderator in a meta-regression model. An estimate of the variability of the outcomes' effect size can be computed by assuming a correlation among the outcomes. Results of a Monte-Carlo simulation study showed that effect size in meta-analyses may be severely overestimated without any correction for ORB. The CORB method accurately estimates effect size when overestimation caused by ORB is the largest. Applying the new method to a meta-analysis on the effect of playing violent video games on aggressive cognition showed that the average effect size estimate decreased when correcting for ORB. We recommend to routinely apply methods to correct for ORB in any meta-analysis. We provide annotated R code and functions to facilitate researchers to apply the CORB method.
Active inference models do not contradict folk psychology
Authors: Smith Ryan , ramstead maxwell , Kiefer Alex
Published: March 2021

Active inference offers a unified theory of perception, learning, and decision-making at computational and neural levels of description. In this article, we address the worry that active inference may be in tension with folk psychology because it does not include terms for desires (or other conative constructs) at the mathematical level of description. To resolve this concern, we first provide a brief review of the historical progression from predictive coding to active inference, enabling us to distinguish between active inference formulations of motor control (which need not have desires under folk psychology) and active inference formulations of decision processes (which do have desires within folk psychology). We then show that, despite a superficial tension when viewed at the mathematical level, the active inference formalism contains terms that are readily identifiable as encoding both the objects of desire and the strength of desire at the psychological level. We demonstrate this with simple simulations of an active inference agent motivated to leave a dark room for different reasons. Despite their consistency, we further show how active inference may increase the granularity of folk-psychological descriptions by highlighting distinctions between drives to seek information vs. reward – and how it may also offer more precise, quantitative folk-psychological predictions. Finally, we consider how the implicitly conative components of active inference may have partial analogues (i.e., “as if” desires) in other systems describable by the broader free energy principle to which it conforms.
Distress and Retaliatory Aggression in Response to Witnessing Intergroup Exclusion are Greater on Higher Levels of Collective Narcissism
Authors: Hase Adrian , Behnke Maciej , Mazurkiewicz Magdalena Anna , Wieteska Kamil Kordian , Golec Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

The negative consequences of personal exclusion have been demonstrated by multiple studies. Less is known about the consequences of witnessing one’s own group being excluded by other groups, although studies suggest exclusion can be experienced vicariously and negatively affects members of the excluded group. Results of the present lab-based experiment (N= 153), indicate, in line with our predictions, that witnessing intergroup exclusion (manipulated by an adapted intergroup Cyberball paradigm) produced a sense of personal exclusion. It also increased self-reported distress and behavioral aggression measured in the Taylor Aggression Paradigm), especially among participants high on collective narcissism: a belief that the exaggerated greatness of the in-group is not sufficiently appreciated by others. Contrary to expectations, a short mindful decentration intervention (instructing participants to observe thoughts and emotions as transient mental products without engaging with them) delivered while participants were witnessing intergroup exclusion (versus inclusion) produced changes in heart rate variability reactivity indicative of emotional arousal especially among collective narcissists. We concluded that collective narcissism is associated with distress in the face of intergroup exclusion, aggressive retaliation, and in consequence it is a risk-factor predisposing group members to stress-related health and psychosocial problems. Furthermore, a mindful decentration, despite being an effective strategy to reduce maladaptive stress in most people, may be counterproductive in addressing high collective narcissists’ responses to threat to the in-group’s image.
The Structure of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20): A Meta-Analytic Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Schroeders Ulrich , Kubera Fiona Rachel , Gnambs Timo
Published: March 2021

Alexithymia is defined as the inability of persons to describe their emotional states, to identify the feelings of others, and a utilitarian type of thinking. The most popular instrument to assess alexithymia is the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Despite its widespread use, an ongoing controversy pertains to its internal structure. The TAS-20 was originally constructed to capture three different factors, but several studies suggested different factor solutions including bifactor models and models with a method factor for the reversely keyed items. The present study examined the dimensionality of the TAS-20 using summary data of 88 samples from 62 studies (total N = 69,722) with meta-analytic structural equation modeling. We found support for the originally proposed three-dimensional solution, whereas more complex models produced inconsistent factor loadings. Because a major source of misfit stems from translated versions, the results are discussed with respect to generalizations across languages and cultural contexts.
The Characterization and Microbiological Evaluation of Probiotic Isolated from Bambara Groundnut
Authors: Adeoye Babatunde Kazeem , Aransiola Elizabeth Funmilayo , Alebiowu Gbenga , Bisi-Johnson Mary Adejumoke , Olorunmola Felix Oluwasola , Adepoju Oluwarinu Aduramigba
Published: March 2021

The study was carried out to isolate, characterize, and study antimicrobial sensitivity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Bambara groundnut. Dried Bambara groundnut was fermented by spontaneous method for seven days and its pH, TTA (Total Titratable acidity) and microbial load monitored for each of the fermentation days. Seven acid-producing cultures were isolated from the sample, and isolates were further classified first by phenotype. Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics led to identification of three bacterial groups. These were followed by in vitro assessment of antimicrobial activity against enteropathogenic bacteria. The most abundant type of LAB distributed in the isolates of fermented Bambara groundnut was Lactobacillus delbrueckii, followed by Lactobacillus casei in two of the isolates. Lactobacillus brevis was found in the remaining two isolates. The growth pattern at different salt concentrations revealed that the isolates were salt tolerant at 2% and 4% while at 6.5% there was no growth. At pH 4.5 and 6.0, there were also growth. The strain evaluated showed in vitro antibacterial activity against five pathogenic microorganisms namely Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Pseudomonas sp and Staphylococcus sp using agar well diffusion method. These results suggested that various LAB were present in Bambara groundnut. The microorganisms isolated were then freeze dried using a freeze drier and then kept at a low temperature in the refrigerator so as to preserve/store the organisms for further processes. This report thereby showed that Bambara groundnut, being an underutilized legume can serve as potential candidate for probiotic neutraceuticals.

Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(1): 54-64
Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Agro-morphological Traits in Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions
Authors: Poudel Mukti Ram , Poudel Padam Bahadur , Puri Ramesh Raj , Paudel Hema Kumari
Published: March 2021

Assessment of variability and traits association in crop help to enhance selection efficiency. Therefore, the present investigation entitled “Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Agro-morphological Traits in Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions” was carried out during winterseason of 2019/2020 at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Bhairahawa, Nepal to identify traits that highly contribute to grain yield and suitable for its further improvement. The experiment was laid out following alpha lattice design with two replications. The twentygenotypes of wheat was sown in two different environments viz., irrigated and heat stress in November 29, 2019 and December 25, 2019 respectively. It was found that under normal condition, moderate GCV and PCV were recorded in SW, TGW, NGPS, and WGPS. Under heat stress condition, high GCV and PCV were observed in GY. High heritability and high GAM was observed in TGW & GY, NGPS, WGPS, TGW under normal and heat stress condition respectively. Under normal condition SW exhibited positive correlation and high positive direct effect on GY at genetic level and WGPS at phenotypic level. And under heat stress condition SW exhibited positive correlation and high positive direct effect on GY. Whereas, at phenotypic level, WGPS and PH exhibited high positive direct effect on grain yield. Hence it is clear that spike weight and weight of grains per spike are important traits for grain yield improvement.

Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(1): 65-74
Radiological Evaluation of Inferior Turbinate in Patients with Deviated Nasal Septum using Computed Tomography
Authors: Jha Amit Kumar , Ghimire Prasanna , Shrestha Sagun
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Compensatory hypertrophy of inferior turbinate in the contralateral side of the deviated nasal septum is a known phenomenon. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between the nasal septum and inferior turbinate and to determine the dimension and composition of inferior turbinate hypertrophy.Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was performed on 52 patients who were referred for Computed tomography of PNS with deviated nasal septum having compensatory hypertrophy of contralateral inferior turbinate. Non-hypertrophied inferior turbinate on the side of deviation was taken as a control group. Deviation angle, mucosal thickness including medial and lateral and bone thickness were evaluated using three-dimensional CT scan and compared to the control group.Result: Dimensions of the bony and mucosal components of the inferior turbinate were significantly greater than those of the control group. This study included 52 patients (M- 30, F- 22) having a mean age of 37 years. Out of 52, the septum deviated to the left side in 56% and 44% to the right side. The average angle of deviation was 10.12°. There was a statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) between total turbinate thickness and angle of deviation. A statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) was also observed between medial mucosa and bone thickness.Conclusion: Compensatory hypertrophy of inferior turbinate in patients with deviated nasal septum not only involves the mucosal component but also the bone itself. Pre-operative CT scan of PNS helps evaluate dimension and composition of inferior turbinate and assists to decide on surgical technique to fix turbinate.
Pattern of Presentation of Mammography in a Developing Country
Authors: Joshi Birendra Raj
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second commonest cancer (7.2%) in Nepal and almost 54%of patients present in the advanced stage. It is the leading cause of cancer death in females.The objective of the study was to determine the type of mammography, composition of breastdensity and BIRADS category.Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital from Jan 1st to Oct 30th of 2019according to non-probability convenience sampling. A total of 388 persons were included inthe study. The mammographic findings were assessed by categories based on the BIRADSsystem.Results: Mammography for screening was 38 percent and diagnostic was 68 percent. Commonbreast compositions were B and C. More frequent BIRADS categories were seen in 1 and 2.Conclusion: Dense breast is common in mammography. BIRADS categories 1 and 2 weremore common than other categories.
Paediatrician’s Suspicion and Radiologist’s Precision in Diagnosing Hirschprung’s Disease in a Child: Case Report
Authors: Sharma Shashi , Singh Tanu , Sharma Rohit , Bende Vinod , Gulia Praveen , Sharma Bharat Bhusan
Published: March 2021

Hirschprung’s disease (HD) is also called as aganglionic megacolon. The entity falls in the group of congenital motor disorders. The usual presentation is in the form of not passing of meconium, abdominal distension with or without vomiting. We present a 2-years old child who was brought with complaints of constipation and difficulty in passing stool. The child was evaluated radiologically by plain radiography, ultrasonography (USG) and barium enema and was diagnosed as a case of short segment type of Hirschsprung disease. The parents had been counselled and advised for pull-through surgery for the child. It is a dilemma for the paediatrician to confirm the diagnosis of Hirschprung’s disease until a radiologically confirmed diagnosis is made. Many cases are delayed for the treatment because of non-diagnosis or delayed diagnosis. The importance lies in the early diagnosis for further surgical management.
Building national security through human security: Seasonal migration from Upper Mustang
Authors: Khattri Man Bahadur
Published: March 2021

Migration is one of the essential social-cultural phenomena of human being around the world. Seasonal migration is one of the human security dimensions directly related to the national security of a country. This paper explores the human security dimension closely related to seasonal migration and national security which has reasons, processes, and destinations of the Lobas of Upper Mustang, Nepal. The survey, interview, and field observation (Upper Mustang, Western Hills of Nepal and Vanarashi, India) were the principal methods of data collection. The findings of the research are that both married males and females having agriculture and livestock occupations of the large family go for seasonal migration from Upper Mustang, Nepal. The dominant age group of migrants is 20-50 years. The level of literacy, language efficiency, and social network plays a determining role in choosing the destination and period of stay out. They usually migrate to a group and use multiple modes of transportation for their travel. For business, they use the social network. They rent a room to live in. For business investment, they use mostly their own money and some they borrow from moneylenders. They not only work themselves also employ Nepali speaking youths in Vanarashi. Their property in Upper Mustang is taken care of mostly by their family members. They bring cash and kind as their earning while returning home.
Security and development: Role of the Nepali Army in nation building
Authors: Adhikari Sonika
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to highlight the integral role of Nepali Army towards national security and development. The researcher has applied secondary source of research design to collect the information. The result suggested that the Nepali Army played a major role in the formation as well as the development of Nepal as a strong stable nation–state. For the national security, the Nepali Army had fought many battles. Their contribution was visible from the unification campaign initiated by Prithvi Narayan Shah in 1740 AD to the Nepalese Civil war fought between the Communist Party of Nepal and the government of Nepal from 1996 to 2006. Similarly, for the development of the nation, their role is visible in infrastructure development, building civil military relation, disaster management, nature conservation and so on. Nepali Army along with the national security has been expanding its role in sectors like education, health and recreation with the interest of serving the people.
नागरिकमैत्री नेपाली सेना Nagarikmaitri Nepali Sena
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari द्वारिका Dwarika कुमारी Kumari
Published: March 2021

स्त्री–पुरुष सबैलाई समेटिएको नागरिक देशका जनतार रक्षक हुन् । स्वतन्त्र सार्वभौम राष्ट्र भएकाले नेपालीनागरिकहरुको इज्जत र सम्मान संसारभरि यथावत्कायम रहेको छ । जुनसुकै युद्धमा होस् वा अन्य देशभक्तिका क्षेत्रमा होस्, नारी र पुरुषहरु गैरसैनिकभए पनि राष्ट्रको रक्षाका निम्ति बलिवेदीमा चढेकाछन् । उनीहरुको साहस र हिम्मतलाई इतिहासलेस्वर्ण अक्षरले लेखेको छ । सैनिक परिवारको आश्रित परिवारलाई मात्रै लिइयो भने नागरिक र सैनिक सम्बन्धअपूरो हुन्छ । नेपालको इतिहासको कालखण्डलाईपल्टाएर हेर्ने हो भने, नागरिक र सैनिक सम्बन्ध नङर मासु जस्तै जोडिएको छ । हरेक युद्धका मोर्चा तथा लोककल्याणकारी कार्यहरुमा नागरिकहरुले सेनालाईसाथ दिएका छन् । नेपाली सेनाले जनताको रक्षा गर्दै नागरिकहरुको सम्मान गरेका छन् । स्वास्थ्य शिविर, सरसफाई, प्राकृतिक प्रकोप, विकास निर्माणमा नेपालीसेनाले पु¥याएको सेवा नागरिक सम्बन्धको अतुलनीय उदाहरण हो ।
राज्यको क्षमता अभिवृद्धिमा भूरणनीतिक सुरक्षाः अवसर र चुनौती Rajyako Kshyamata Abhibriddhima Bhuranatik Surakshya: Abasar ra Chunauti
Authors: थापा Thapa शैलेन्द्र Shailendra बहादुर Bahadur
Published: March 2021

मानव सभ्यताको विकासक्रमदेखि नै धर्माधिकारी, राष्ट्रनिर्माता, नीति निर्माता, राष्ट्रिय विभूति, वैज्ञानिक रयुद्ध सरदारहरुले आºनो ‘मातृभूमि र धर्म–संस्कृतिकोरक्षा एवं विस्तारका’ खातिर सूक्ष्म अनुसन्धान ररहस्यमय रक्षा–नीतिहरु निर्माण गरी पृथ्वीको टाढा–टाढासम्मका सभ्यताहरुमाझ पु¥याई लागुु गराउनु अनौठो होइन । जनक, सीता, बुद्ध, अंशुवर्मा, अरनिको,फाल्गुनानन्द, पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलगायतका धेरै नेपाली राष्ट्रिय व्यक्तिŒव र विभूतिहरुको योगदानबाट प्राप्तसार्वभौम नेपालको रक्षा–नीतिमाथि नेपालभन्दा पछिस्थापित कतिपय शक्तिशाली राष्ट्रका लिडिल हार्टको‘इन्डाईरेक्ट एप्रोच’, कार्ल भोन क्लाउजिज्को ‘अनवार’ जस्ता युद्धशास्त्रीय रणनीतिहरुले चुनौती दिनेदुष्साहस गर्दैनन्  । यद्धपि फरक सभ्यताका केन्द्रहरुलेनेपाललाई ‘अनुसन्धानको उद्देश्यपूर्ण नमुना छनौटकोएक एकाइ’ मानेर प्रयोगशालाको स्थलगत कार्यक्षेत्रका रुपमा काम गरिरहेको भनिएको इण्डो–प्यासिफिक रणनीति÷मिलेनियम च्यालेन्ज कर्पोरेशनकोसुनौला अवसरहरु हामीमाझ आइपुगेका छन् । यिनका हानिकारक तत्वहरुस“ग सतर्क रह“दै सकारात्मक पाटोहरुपहिल्याई ‘विवेकपूर्ण छनौटद्वारा’ राष्ट्रिय हितका पक्षमासंशोधन गरी लाभ लिन सकियो भने राम्रो अवसर प्राप्तहुनेछ । तर यस्तो सम्झौताको कुनै व्यवस्थास“ग नेपालकानुन बाझिएमा कानुन संशोधन गर्नुपर्ने प्रावधाननौलो रहेन । समयको दबाबका कारण यो च्यालेन्जलेनेपालको ‘असंलग्न’ नीतिलाई लङ्गडो बनाई नेपालीसार्वभौम सत्तामाथि चुनौती खडा गरिदियो भने ‘वर्वादभएछ’ भनी तपाइ“ यो दशकको भूलस“ग अर्को दशकदेखि पछुताउनु सिवाय दोस्रो भूल हुनेछैन । नेपाली नीति– निर्माताहरुले नेपालको रष्ट्रिय क्षमता अभिवृद्धिका लागिराष्ट्रिय भूगोल, इतिहास, संस्कृति र राष्ट्रिय पहिचानलाईमुटूमा राखी बहकिएर, झुक्किएर, लोभिएर वा पराधीनमानसिकता बोकेर होइन, स्वाधीन भएर घरेलुनीतिनिर्माणका पक्षमा ‘स्वतन्त्र निर्णय’ लिन सामथ्र्यवान्रहने विश्वास नेपाली जनको छ । अतः नेपालकादुवै स“धियार मित्रराष्ट्रहरु वा अन्य मित्रराष्ट्रहरुकोनेपाल हेर्ने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नीतिहरुलाई सूक्ष्म रुपमाकेलाई तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण गरी नेपालविरुद्ध दूरगामीअसर पार्नसक्ने कुनै पनि विदेश नीतिहरुप्रति सजगरही तटस्थ, विवेकशील क्षमता र राज्यमैत्री असंलग्नविकल्पहरु अ¨ीकार गर्ने ल्याकतलाई के कस्तासिद्धान्तहरुले निर्देशित गर्न सक्छन् ? सवाल यो हो ।राजनीतिका क्षेत्रमा ‘स्वाधीनताको सिद्धान्त’ र आर्थिकक्षेत्रमा ‘आत्मनिर्भरताको सिद्धान्तलाई’ योजनावद्धरुपमा सञ्चालन गर्दै ‘सैनिक पक्षलाई’ परराष्ट्रनीतिको अनिवार्य तत्व मान्दा (आचार्य, पृ.१९१–१९८) यसले राज्यको थप क्षमता अभिवृद्धिस“गै भूरणनीतिक सुरक्षालाई प्रबद्र्धन गर्न सक्ने धारणा कतिपय वरिष्ठकूटनीतिज्ञहरुको छ । विवेकपूर्ण छनौट, स्वतन्त्र निर्णय,परराष्ट्र नीतिको अनिवार्य तŒवका रुपमा सैनिक पक्ष,त्रिपक्षीयतावादको सिद्धान्त, नवयर्थाथवादी सिद्धान्त,आन्तरिक केन्द्रीकरण शक्ति, केन्द्रापसारक शक्ति,छिमेकीŒव नीति, राज्यको क्षमता अभिवृद्धि, राष्ट्रियहित, अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध, विश्वशान्ति ।
Determinants of U.S. Foreign Policy foreign policy during the Cold War The Intra-American Perspective
Authors: Czornik Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

The U.S. accession to the Second World War and indisputable victory initiated a new stage in the history of the United States. The country took a superpower position next to the USSR. The USA became the leading force of the democratic and capitalist world. During the Cold War, competing with the Soviet Union for influence in the global scale, the United States effectively spread its ideology, political system model, and value system. A number of determinants of an internal nature, both objective and subjective, influenced the shape of the foreign policy of the USA during the Cold War.
Pozycja Polski w społeczności międzynarodowej, czyli jak wzrastać na peryferiach Europy?
Authors: Woźniak-Szymańska Dominika
Published: March 2021

The author describes the mechanisms of inequality in international society and presents the situation of Poland in this hierarchical environment. Referring to the assumptions of the English School, post-structuralism and post-colonialism, she builds a model of a hierarchy based on the “power of discourse” and reflects on the influence of international reality on Poland’s functioning in it. The publication consists of two parts: theoretical, devoted to international community and its rules, and practical, in which the case of Poland is described. As Poland’s place is on the European peripheries, the author explores the activities politicians undertake to strengthen the position of the country.
A Brief Review of Mental Health Issues among Asian and Pacific Islander Communities in the U.S.
Authors: Park Mijung
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief summary of mental health issues among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) communities in the U.S. APIs include individuals from Far East Asia (e.g., Korea, China), Central Asia (e.g., Afghanistan, Uzbekistan), South Asia (e.g., India, Pakistan), South East Asia (e.g., Thailand, Philippines), Western Asia (e.g., Iran, Saudi Arabia), and Pacific islands (e.g., Hawaii, Samoa, Mariana island, Fiji, Palau, French Polynesia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, New Zealand, Tokelau islands, Niue, and Cook Islands). Collectively they speak more than one hundred languages and dialects. Such a diversity across the API community presents unique challenges and opportunities for research, education, and practice. The existing body of literature on mental health issues in API communities is marred by the lack of high-quality data and insufficient degrees of disaggregation. Such a knowledge gap hindered our ability to develop culturally and linguistically tailored interventions, and in turn, API
communities have experienced mental health disparities and mental health services’ disparities. To move the field forward, future research effort with APIs should focus on articulating variations across different API subgroups, identifying what explains such variations, and examining the implications of such variations to research, practice,
education, and policy.
Analysis of electronic circuit transformer with experimental and finite elements
Authors: ÖZÜPAK Yıldırım , TEKE Ibrahim Halil , MAMİŞ Mehmet Salih
Published: March 2021

Transformers, one of the most important elements of energy transmission and distribution systems, can be produced as a result of high cost and long-term studies. It is necessary to know the mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of a transformer in the manufacturing process. Modeling of the transformers to be designed with a reliable simulation program in order to operate at targeted values and efficiency is important in terms of ensuring test criteria and minimizing the problems that may arise later. Thanks to advanced computer techniques, it is possible to identify design errors and correct them through a simulation program.

In this paper, ANSYS Maxwell 3D software based on Finite Element Method (FEM) and widely used in transformer simulation was used. With this program, it is aimed to investigate the magnetic field density, magnetic field intensity, magnetic flux lines, current density values in the coil and core of the transformer and the effects of these values on transformer losses. Considering the nominal values of the single phase 90 VA transformer, its electrical and physical values were measured by experimental studies in the laboratory environment, and the necessary parameters and values were calculated based on these measurements. The theoretically calculated values are compared with the experimental study results and the values calculated with ANSYS Maxwell program. It was observed that the experimental study results and the results of the model created in the program confirmed each other.