bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of Human Stressors on Fish-Based Metrics for Assessing River Condition in Central Alberta
Authors: Stevens Cameron E. , Council Trevor , Sullivan Michael G.
Published: May 2018

Economic developments in Alberta have resulted in widespread changes in land use that may deteriorate river conditions for fish. Fish assemblages were characterized with index of biological integrity metrics for the heavily-developed watershed of the Battle River, Alberta. Metric relationships with human stressors were quantified using regression and information theory methods. Although the fauna comprised 14 native species, 50% of the catch was white sucker (Catostomus commersoni Lacepede, 1803). Five statistically unrelated metrics were identified as being responsive to stressors: two trophic guilds, one habitat guild, one reproductive guild, and one measure of community structure. Regression showed that the cumulative effect of human developments, indexed as road density in the basin, was negatively linked to the relative abundance of lithophils and positively linked to the relative abundance of omnivores. Agriculture also threatened the integrity of fish assemblages. Stream sections with higher cattle densities in their basins had fewer lithophils and benthic invertivores; whereas stream sections with higher nutrient concentrations contained fewer species, as well as fewer top carnivores, but more true omnivores. Understanding effects of human footprints that are expanding in western Canada will be critical to the successful management of aquatic resources.
Frequency Analysis as a Tool for Assessing Adverse Conditions During a Massive Fish Kill in the St. Lawrence River, Canada
Authors: Ouellet Valérie , Mingelbier Marc , Saint-Hilaire André , Morin Jean
Published: May 2018

During the summer of 2001, the largest fish kill in the recorded history of the St. Lawrence River occurred. More than 25,000 dead carp were recovered. Preliminary analyses suggested hydroclimatic factors may have triggered the fish kill. Long time series of hydroclimatic variables were available upstream and downstream from the study area. In order to investigate if hydroclimatic conditions were extreme during the summer of 2001, frequency analyses were performed on time series of air and water temperature, water level, and solar radiation. During this period, the daily maximum water temperature was abnormally high (return period of 47 years) relative to other years. Air temperature was also high (return period of 22 years) and water level was very low (return period of 67 years). Results showed that hydroclimatic forcings were acting at two different time scales. First, short-term extremes are more likely to have direct impacts on ecosystems, such as lethal stress caused by oxygen depletion in shallow areas. Long-term extremes have indirect effects, which are more difficult to detect, such as immunosuppression. These results reiterate the importance of water temperature in aquatic habitat, particularly in the present context of global warming and climate change.
Research on the Application of Laccase to the Treatment of Oily Wastewater
Authors: Li Zhi Lin , Liu Wei , Chen Xin Fang , Li He Sheng , Tian Yun Miao
Published: May 2018

The feasibility of using laccase to treat oily wastewater was examined. When only laccase was added to the synthetic oily wastewater, the suitable technological conditions were laccase at 3 U/mL, pH at 6.0, a temperature of 30°C, and a reaction time of 6 h for the initial oil concentration of 120 mg/L. Under those conditions, the rate of oil removal was as high as 69%. The effects of Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ ions in wastewater on the rate of oil removal using laccase were investigated. The results showed that Cu2+and Fe2+ ions obviously inhibited the catalytic performance of laccase under the studied concentration. On the other hand, Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions only had slight effects on the rate of oil removal for the range of concentrations studied. A 95% oil removal rate could be obtained when actual wastewaters were treated using laccase with the additive chitosan under the suitable technological conditions.
Reproductive Success of Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) Exposed to Pulp and Paper Dominated Receiving Streams and Effects of Masculinization Responses
Authors: Noggle Jessica J. , Holm Stewart E. , Thompson Chet , Gross Timothy S.
Published: May 2018

Mosquitofish (Gambusia) are sexually dimorphic; adult males have an elongation of the anal fin to form a copulatory structure known as a gonopodium. Several studies since the early 1980s have reported elongated anal fins in female mosquitofish exposed to pulp and paper mill discharge, a phenomenon known as masculinization. Although adverse impacts have been suggested in these previous reports, the influence of masculinization on reproductive success has not been assessed for pulp mill effluent-exposed eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki or affinis). The current study compared fecundity (number of fry per female at parturition) to an index of masculinization (ratio of anal fin rays 4 to 6). Pregnant females were collected from two effluent-receiving streams in Florida: Rice Creek and the Fenholloway River, over two reproductive seasons (2003 and 2004). Masculinization was consistent between years, with clear effects at the Fenholloway River site, while the response was minimal or nondetectable at the Rice Creek site. Masculinization was not correlated with the production of fry/fecundity at either site. Data suggest differing reproductive seasonal strategies between basins and populations but do not demonstrate any effects of pulp and paper exposure on reproductive success in mosquitofish.
1995-2009: What Have We Learned About Effluent Biotreatment in Relation to Environmental Protection?
Authors: Kovacs Tibor , Martel Pierre , Gibbons Sharon , Naish Valerie
Published: May 2018

Since 1995, most mills in Canada have biotreatment in order to meet effluent regulatory limits for toxicity, biochemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids. With occasional exceptions, the limits have been met. However, questions remain about effluent biotreatment regarding environmental protection, such as the reproductive capacity of fish. To address these concerns, a series of before-after studies were undertaken during the past decade. These included i) comparisons of effluents before and after biotreatment by means of fish (vitellogenin activity and egg production) and Ceriodaphnia (young production) tests done in the laboratory and ii) comparisons of fish communities in a river before and after the installation of effluent biotreatment at two mill sites. In all laboratory tests and with respect to all endpoints examined in these tests, the effects of the effluents after biotreatment were less or nonexistent when compared with the effects of the effluents before biotreatment. The assessment of the fish communities based on various metrics (e.g., percent piscivores, percent fish with anomalies) indicated improved conditions after the installation of biotreatment. Taken overall, the results indicated that biotreatment has improved effluent quality and this has resulted in clear improvements for the receiving environment.
Pre-Ozonation-Coagulant Interactions in Direct Filtration
Authors: Eyvaz Murat , Deniz Hatice , Aktaş Tuğrul S. , Yüksel Ebubekir , Saatçi Ahmet M.
Published: May 2018

Pre-ozonation–coagulant interactions effects in relation to the coagulant type and dosage in direct filtration of surface waters were investigated. The performance of the process was evaluated by monitoring the effluent quality and head loss development through the filter bed. Two identical pilot scale filter columns filtering the same raw water were operated in parallel. The raw water was brought from Ömerli Reservoir in Istanbul. Before filtering, the raw water flow was split into two equal flows. One of the streams was pre-ozonated and the other was aerated using contact chambers with equal volumes equipped with same number and type of diffusers. In coagulation experiments, one of the filters was operated using aluminum sulfate as a coagulant while the other one was run with ferric chloride. For similar filter run times, the effluent quality was always better with pre-ozonation compared to aeration. It was also observed that, aluminum sulfate application gave more favorable results for both particle and turbidity removal compared to ferric chloride. Ives’ filterability index which incorporates the important filtration design parameters such as: effluent quality, the headloss and the velocity of filtration into a dimensionless number was used for the comparison of the experimental results.
Trace Elements in the Oldman River of Southern Alberta
Authors: Miller Jim J. , Beasley Bruce W.
Published: May 2018

The Oldman River in southern Alberta is a mainstem river used extensively by aquatic life, for community drinking water, irrigation water, recreation, and livestock watering. Therefore, maintaining the water quality of this important river is critical for watershed health. We collected water samples weekly from three locations on the middle reach of the Oldman River from 2004 to 2006. The locations were: Lethbridge Municipal Water Treatment plant (MWTP) (Site 1), Fort MacLeod MWTP (Site 2), and a river bank sampling location downstream of the latter site (Site 3). Water samples were analyzed for background physical and chemical variables, and for selected trace elements (Al, Fe, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn). The aquatic life, community, irrigation, and livestock water quality guidelines at the three sites were most frequently exceeded by Cu (27-48%), Al (3.3-57%), Co (18-26%), and Al (2.3%), respectively. Concentrations of certain trace elements were highest in the spring or during years of above average precipitation, and were likely associated with increased loads of suspended sediments during high flow conditions. Turbidity, water temperature, electrical conductivity, river level, and precipitation generally had a positive effect, and pH had a negative effect on certain trace element concentrations.
Fractionnement de la matiére organique du lisier de porc par couplage de la respirométrie et de la modélisation
Authors: Aubry Geneviéve , Béline Fabrice , Lessard Paul
Published: May 2018

La méthode de caractérisation de la biodégradabilité du lisier de porc a été améliorée en jumelant la réalisation d'essais respirométriques avec l'utilisation d'une version simplifiée du modéle ASM3 prenant en compte le stockage intra-cellulaire de la fraction facilement biodégradable. Cette méthodologie a permis de caractériser la biodégradabilité de trois types de lisier de porc québécois. Les résultats ont permis de statuer que le lisier de porc séparé par voie physico-chimique avait un contenu assez facilement biodégradable. Le lisier séparé sous les lattes est caractérisé par un contenu beaucoup plus lentement biodégradable. Pour leur part, les résultats de la caractérisation du lisier brut confirment la grande variabilité des composantes de ce type d'effluent.
Algae-based Biomonitoring: Predicting Diatom Reference Communities in Unpolluted Streams using Classification Trees, Random Forests, and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Grenier Martine , Lek Sovan , Rodríguez Marco A. , Rousseau Alain N. , Campeau Stéphane
Published: May 2018

The Eastern Canadian Diatom Index (IDEC) was developed to evaluate the ecological integrity of streams along a pollution gradient, as a function of the dissimilarity between current diatom communities and suitable reference communities. Distinguishing natural variations in community structure from those induced by human activities is essential for proper assessment of dissimilarity. To account for the effect of the natural variation in pH on this assessment, two IDEC subindices were used: one for sites with diatom reference communities typical of naturally alkaline water pH, and another for sites with communities typical of naturally circumneutral water pH. This study used three statistical models, namely classification trees (CT), random forests (RF), and artificial neural networks (ANN) to: (i) identify the environmental variables discriminating between alkaline and neutral reference communities (“biotypes”), and (ii) compare their predictive capacities. Models identified clay rocks, gneiss/paragneiss rocks, siliceous rocks, and carbonated rocks as the main geological features discriminating reference biotypes. For the reference streams, clay, siliceous, and carbonated rocks were associated with high water pH while gneiss/paragneiss rocks were associated with low water pH. Both ANN and RF models behaved similarly across all performance criteria and yielded general models useful for identifying the appropriate IDEC sub-index.
Removal of Arsenic from Aqueous Phase by Nanoparticle Agglomerates of Hydrous Iron(III)-Chromium(III) Bimetal Mixed Oxide: Effects of Background Ions on the As(V) Sorption Kinetics and Equilibrium
Authors: Basu Tina , Gupta Kaushik , Ghosh Uday Chand
Published: May 2018

The influence of some groundwater occurring ions was investigated on As(V)-sorption by agglomerated nanoparticles (40-50 nm) of synthetic hydrous iron(III)-chromium(III) mixed oxide (NHICO). Solubility tests of NHICO suggested that it could be used safely for As(V) removal at pH = 6.4 ± 0.1 by agitation (speed: 350 ± 5 rpm) for an hour. Kinetic data obtained in the presence of applied ions for this reaction were well described by the pseudo-second order equation (0.98 < r2 <1.00, 0.04 < x2 < 0.18). Good agreement of the equilibrium data with the Freundlich isotherm (0.96 < r2 <1.00, 0.41 < x2 < 6.30) suggested that the NHICO surface was heterogeneous. Adequate fitting of the data with the Redlich-Petterson (0.96 < r2 <1.00, 0.65 < x2 < 7.83) isotherm with g < 1.0 confirmed the conclusion drawn. The positive enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) changes indicated that the endothermic As(V)-sorption reaction in the absence/presence of ions was driven by an entropy increase at the solid-liquid interface. Negative values of free energy change (ΔG0) indicated that the reaction spontaneity increased with increasing temperature. The sorption of As(V) by NHICO occurred via an ion-exchange mechanism (mean sorption energy, EDR = 8.98 to 11.47 kJ. mol-1) involving surface M-OH groups.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir Treatment Induces Oxidative Stress and Caspaseindependent Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma U-87 MG Cell Line
Authors: Gratton Rossella , Tricarico Paola Maura , Guimaraes Rafael Lima , Celsi Fulvio , Crovella Sergio
Published: May 2018

Background:

Lopinavir and Ritonavir (LPV/r) treatment is widely used to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission. Nevertheless, studies related to the impact of these compounds on patients, in particular in the foetus and newborns, are strictly required due to the controversial findings reported in the literature concerning possible neurologic side effects following the administration of these drugs.

Objectives:

In our study, we evaluated the impact of LPV/r treatment on the human glioblastoma U- 87 MG cell line.

Methods:

In order to evaluate the influence of Lopinavir and Ritonavir in terms of oxidative stress (ROS production), mitochondrial morphology and apoptotic cell death, the latter either in the presence or in the absence of caspase-3 and -9 inhibitors, we treated U-87 MG with increasing doses (0.1-1-10-25-50 µM) of Lopinavir and Ritonavir for 24h, either in single formulation or in combination. ROS production was measured by flow cytometry using H2DCFDA dye, mitochondrial morphology was evaluated using MitoRed dye and apoptotic cell death was monitored by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC and Propidium Iodide.

Results:

We observed that co-treatment with Lopinavir and Ritonavir (25 and 50 µM) promoted a significant increase in ROS production, caused mitochondrial network damage and induced apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner.

Conclusion:

Based on our findings, concordant with others reported in the literature, we hypothesize that LPV/r treatment could not be entirely free from side effects, being aware of the need of validation in in vivo models, necessary to confirm our results.
FDG-PET/CT Assessment of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Guide for Internists
Authors: Tana Marco , di Carlo Silvio , Romano Marcello , Alessandri Massimo , Schiavone Cosima , Montagnani Andrea
Published: May 2018

Background:

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography integrated with computed tomography (18-F-FDG-PET/CT) is getting wide consensus in the diagnosis and staging of neoplastic disorders and represents a useful tool in the assessment of various inflammatory conditions.  Discussion: Sarcoidosis is an uncommon disease characterized by the systemic formation of noncaseating granulomas. Lungs are the sites most often affected, and investigation with high resolution computed tomography and biopsy is essential to achieve a correct diagnosis. 18-F-FDGPET/ CT is effective in the assessment of pulmonary sarcoidosis by demonstrating pulmonary and extrathoracic involvement and findings correlate well with pulmonary function in patients affected.

Conclusion:

This review would illustrate the usefulness and limits of 18-F-FDG-PET/CT in the assessment of pulmonary sarcoidosis.
The Application of Machine Learning Techniques in Clinical Drug Therapy
Authors: Meng Huan-Yu , Jin Wan-Lin , Yan Cheng-Kai , Yang Huan
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

The development of a novel drug is an extremely complicated process that includes the target identification, design and manufacture, and proper therapy of the novel drug, as well as drug dose selection, drug efficacy evaluation, and adverse drug reaction control. Due to the limited resources, high costs, long duration, and low hit-to-lead ratio in the development of pharmacogenetics and computer technology, machine learning techniques have assisted novel drug development and have gradually received more attention by researchers.

Methods:

According to current research, machine learning techniques are widely applied in the process of the discovery of new drugs and novel drug targets, the decision surrounding proper therapy and drug dose, and the prediction of drug efficacy and adverse drug reactions.

Results and Conclusion:

In this article, we discussed the history, workflow, and advantages and disadvantages of machine learning techniques in the processes mentioned above. Although the advantages of machine learning techniques are fairly obvious, the application of machine learning techniques is currently limited. With further research, the application of machine techniques in drug development could be much more widespread and could potentially be one of the major methods used in drug development.
Enhancement of Recombinant Antibody Expression Level by Growth Controlled Medium
Authors: Phuc Le Thi Minh , Sasaki Tetsuji , Shimizu Hisayo , Huyen Nguyen Thi Minh , Thuy Nguyen Thi Thu , Huan Le Quang , Taniguchi Akiyoshi
Published: May 2018

Background:

Transient expression system is very widely used for protein expression including recombinant protein expression. Normally, in the commercially available expression system, cells were grown rapidly in protein expression. However, over cell growth was not only unnecessary for high level protein expression, but also induced cell death and led to protein degradation.

Aims and Objectives:

To overcome these limitations a new adapted culture method needs to be developed.

Methods:

In this work, we developed growth control medium for transient high protein expression system using NPLAd (Non-Protein and Lipid Medium Adopted) cells. With this system, cell numbers were not increased until 10 days.

Results:

Our results indicated that expression level in NPLAd system was 1.8 times higher than that in Free style system, which was one of the commercially available high expression systems.

Conclusion:

The antibody performance expressed by NPLAd system was almost the same to that of expressed by Free style system. The results suggested that NPLAd system could be useful for protein expression, such as recombinant antibody.
Flexural Capacity of Steel Rack Connections Via The Component Method
Authors: Gusella Federico , Orlando Maurizio , Vignoli Andrea , Thiele Klaus
Published: May 2018

Background:

In pallet rack structures, cold-formed steel (CFS) beams and columns are connected through dry joints, so beams can be easily disconnected according to changes of the rack geometric layout. Due to the great variety of connector types and member geometries, recent design codes recommend experimental tests on rack connections to assess their mechanical features. Nevertheless, tests only allow for the overall response of a joint to be evaluated, without providing information about the contribution of each component of the joint to its stiffness and strength.

Objective:

In this paper, a mechanical model is developed in order to provide useful information about the structural behaviour of rack beam-column connections.

Methods:

The proposed mechanical model is based on the application of the Component Method (CM) and it allows for the flexural resistance of steel rack connections to be analytically assessed. Analytical results are compared with experimental data from tests performed at the Structures and Materials Testing Laboratory of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Florence.

Results:

Results show a good agreement with experimental data, highlighting the accuracy of the proposed approach. The mechanical model allows for the weakest component of the joint and its failure mode to be evaluated, and it highlights the importance of an adequate welding between the beam-end section and the connector.

Conclusion:

The mechanical model provides fundamental information about the influence of structural details on the overall behavior of rack joints, it appears as a complementary method to expensive experimental tests and it can be used to improve the design of rack connections with the goal to increase their structural response.
On the Robustness of Earthquake-Resistant Moment-Resistant Frames: Influence of Innovative Beam-to-Column Joints
Authors: Francavilla Antonella Bianca , Latour Massimo , Rizzano Gianvittorio , Jaspart Jean-Pierre , Demonceau Jean-Francois
Published: May 2018

Background:

The deformation capacity of beam-to-column connections strongly influences the robustness of earthquake-resistant Moment Resistant Frames (MRFs) when subjected to a loss-of column scenario. As a consequence, with the aim of foresee the structural response up to the failure, an accurate modelling of the ultimate behaviour of the joints is needed.

Objective:

In this paper, the influence of the connections on the behaviour of MRFs under a loss-of-column scenario has been analysed considering an accurate modelling of the joints.

Method:

In addition, in order to achieve this goal, different beam-to-column joints designed for seismic actions and tested at the Salerno University, have been modelled and introduced in a case-study structure, whose response has been evaluated by means of push-down analyses. In particular, the connections analysed and modelled are of three different types: a dog-bone connection, a partial strength Double Split Tee (DST) joint and a partial strength connection with friction dampers.

Results / Conclusion:

The results of pushdown analyses performed by means of SAP2000 computer software have been examined with the aim to determine the Residual Reserve Strength Ratio (RRSR) index that, combined with the energy balance method proposed by Izzudin et al. (2008), allow to assess the structural ro-bustness.
Implications of Structural Model on the Design of Steel Moment Resisting Frames
Authors: Isaincu Alexandru , Aniello Mario D’ , Stratan Aurel
Published: May 2018

Background:

Studies have shown that the flexibility of the connections has an important role in the distribution of forces and moments in the structure. This also applies for the displacements, deformations and the stability of the structure.

Objective:

The objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of the stiffness of column web-panel and connection on the ultimate response of Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs).

Methods:

A comprehensive parametric study was carried out. In particular, a set of one hundred and twenty planar frames was analyzed, considering three approaches for modelling the joints.

Results:

The results highlight that neglecting the influence of the connection and column web panel leads to significant over-estimation of the global instability factor αcr, which can lead to unconservative design and assessment of steel frames, especially for those cases subjected to severe horizontal forces as the seismic actions.

Conclusion:

Accounting for the joint deformability in MRFs is important even for the cases with connection stiffness (kb) larger than 25 times the beam stiffness where EN1993-1-8 allows neglecting the model of the connection stiffness. Indeed, the comparison of cases with kb ≥ 25 between the models with and without the connection deformability show that of αcr can decrease from 5% to 16%, depending on the refinement of the modelling assumptions. This decrease also lead to higher second order effects and thus to higher design forces but also the overall stiffness of the frame is overestimated.
Ultimate Performance of External End-plate Bolted Joints Under Column Loss Scenario Accounting for the Influence of the Transverse Beam
Authors: Tartaglia Roberto , D’Aniello Mario , De Martino Attilio
Published: May 2018

Background:

Steel beam-to-column joints are generally designed and analysed considering the response parame-ters in their main bending plane, disregarding the influence of the connections and the related beams in the transverse direction. However, the 3D response of the joint can be influenced by the presence of the transverse beams in the case of column loss scenario.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to investigate the influence both the influence of the transverse beams and the potential effectiveness of the design rules developed within the research project EQUALJOINTS in case of column loss scenarios.

Method:

A comprehensive set of parametric finite element analyses was carried out. Three external joints were selected, and two types of column loss scenarios were investigated for 2D and 3D joint configurations.

Results:

The obtained results show that the presence of the secondary beams is beneficial to arrest the progressive collapse since it increases the resistance of the joint assembly, reducing the plastic demand into the primary moment-resisting joint.

Conclusion:

The presence of the secondary beams improves the joint performance under column loss thanks to their torsional stiffness; when the dimensions of the double cleat connection are comparable with those of the primary moment resisting joint, they are also able to increase the stiffness of the entire joint.

Severe plastic deformation can be observed in the double cleat connections in joints directly affected by the column loss. Therefore, these connections should be properly designed in order to guarantee adequate ductility.
Therapeutic and Biodegradable Green Surfactant Kinetic Studies and Parameter Estimation with Multiple Substrates
Authors: Eswari Jujjavarapu Satya
Published: May 2018

Introduction: When environment polluted by complex petrochemical contaminants then
prospective for biological treatment is needed.

Methods:

Biosurfactants exhibit biodegradability and anti-microbial properties hence efficacy of production
and kinetics of in situ rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and lipopeptide
production by Bacillus subtilis was carried out in a batch process. The need of the specific growth rate
on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous substrates was expected to monitor using Logistic, Monod, Moser
and Contois type kinetic equation models. Impact of several bioprocess factors and optimization of control
factors were studied.

Results and Discussion:

The simulation results show, Contois type model was better model than monod
equation. Contois growth model says that bio mass rate depends upon the concentrations of substrate
and biomass being inhibited at high concentrations of the biomass predicts, bio surfactant formation
lowered with the high biomass concentration.

Conclusion:

The Luedeking Piret constants were calculated for rahamnolipid and lipopeptide production
bearing in mind the cell survival maintenance from carbon, nitrogenand phosphorous substrates
consumption. Assessed factors of this model specify that the formation of Rhamnolipid and lipopeptide
was typically growth-associated.
Spoligotyping for Identification of Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Profiles in Warangal, T.S.
Authors: Tanniru Sireesha , Asha Syed , Jojula Malathi
Published: May 2018

Background:

The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis infections had increased among the
type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients in India, although the biological basis underlying this susceptibility
remains poorly characterized. Based on the symptom’s, chest X-rays and their correlation with
clinical and diagnostic parameters, we had suspected diabetic-tuberculosis co-infections. As Chest XRay
plays a vital role in the identification of pulmonary tuberculosis infections, we emphasized more on
it. Chest X-ray features included were; (infiltrate, cavitation, miliary shadows, pleural effusion, mediastinal
lymphadenopathy and extent of lesions) such features were analyzed to identify associations
with biological/clinical parameters through univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Method:

The study was carried out in diabetic type 2 patients suspected with pulmonary tuberculosis
infections, Warangal, India. Spoligotyping was used for identification, detection and characterization of
M. tuberculosis complex bacteria in clinical samples. This method is based on polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) amplification of a highly polymorphic direct repeat locus in the M. tuberculosis genome. It
is helpful in detecting causative bacteria and in providing epidemiologic information on genotyping
strain identities.

Results:

Based on the chest X-Ray of 200 diabetic patients suspected with pulmonary infections, we
found 26 infiltrates, 30 cavitation, 28 miliary shadows, 35 pleural effusion, 46 mediastinal
lymphadenopathy and 35 were confirmed for the extent of lesions, which supported us to further screen
for pulmonary tuberculosis of 200 subjects tested, 113 were males, 85 were females and 2 were children.
All 200 subjects were tested for pulmonary tuberculosis, 36 were positive by smear microscopy
and 20 were culture positive. Phenotypic and genotypic variations were found for all the 20 identified
clinical isolates, by conventional and molecular methods of 20 clinical isolates, 4 MDR-TB were identified
based on the Drug Susceptibility Test for first-line drugs. Of 20 clinical isolates, we took 10 clinical
isolates (4-were MDR-TB and 6- were MTB) and 1- was control sample of H37RV used for spoligotyping
and showed different patterns Bejing (1) and Lineages of East Asian, of family EA13(2) and Lineages
of Indo-Oceanic, of family LAM1(1) and Lineages of Euro-American and 6 were found to be
MTB of family 33(2) and Lineages of Indo-Oceanic, of family CAS(4) and Lineages of Un-known
family. CAS (Central Asian) of M.tuberculosis strains showed more prevailing spoligotype pattern in
Diabetic Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients.

Conclusion:

Implementing such a method in clinical settings would be useful in surveillance of tuberculosis
transmission and in interventions to prevent further spread of this disease among the Diabetic
Pulmonary Tuberculosis co-infections.
One Implementation Method of Trust Evaluation Tool Used on Cloud Computing Service
Authors: Yang Shengju
Published: May 2018

In order to solve the trust problems between users and cloud computing service providers in cloud computing services, the existing trust evaluation technology and access control technology in the cloud computing service are analyzed. And the evaluation index of cloud computing is also analyzed. Users can calculate the relevant indicators of cloud computing service according to their own business goals, and choose the appropriate cloud computing services according to their own trust need. In addition, the reliability assessment method of users based on the service process is proposed. Cloud computing access control system can be used for user credibility evaluation, and it can handle user access requests according to user's creditability. In the study, a cloud computing service trust evaluation tool is designed, and the modeling and architecture designs of trust evaluation are also given. The effectiveness of the method is verified by experiments on cloud computing service evaluation methods.
Parámetros fisicoquímicos del aguacate Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass (Lauraceae) producido en Antioquia (Colombia) para exportación
Authors: Astudillo Camilo , Rodriguez Pablo
Published: May 2018

El aguacate Hass se transporta conservando la cadena de frío, y se madura de forma controlada en el mercado de destino. La calidad del fruto depende de factores precosecha, el momento de cosecha y los tratamientos poscosecha. En Colombia, a pesar del auge de la producción y exportación de frutos, no se tiene suficiente información sobre parámetros de calidad. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar algunos parámetros fisicoquímicos de interés en la calidad de fruto. Con ese fin, se cosecharon aguacates en tres momentos de madurez de cosecha, en fincas exportadoras en Antioquia, y luego se almacenaron y maduraron. Se simularon la temperatura y la humedad relativa de la cadena de exportación, así como la duración del envío al mercado europeo. La materia seca se consideró el indicador de cosecha, y se realizaron análisis de sólidos solubles, pH y acidez titulable como parámetros de calidad. El origen de los frutos, el momento de cosecha y el tiempo de almacenamiento ejercieron un efecto significativo (p≤0,05) en los parámetros fisicoquímicos del aguacate. Los grados Brix (5,07 a 7,26) y el pH (6,58 a 7,14) se incrementaron con el tiempo de almacenamiento hasta la semana cuatro, y después disminuyeron. En cambio, la acidez bajó (19,47% a 9,24%) en el transcurso del almacenamiento. Estos parámetros pueden ser indicadores de calidad, pero se requieren más estudios.
Germinación de semillas silvestres de Apeiba glabra Aubl. (Malvaceae) y crecimiento inicial de plantas
Authors: Torres Torres Jhon Jerley , Medina Arroyo Henry Hernan , Martínez-Guardia Melida
Published: May 2018

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la germinación de semillas silvestres, el crecimiento (en altura y diámetro) y la supervivencia de plantas de Apeiba glabra Aubl. El diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial y 16 factores, resultantes de combinaciones de sustratos y tratamientos pregerminativos. El experimento se desarrolló en dos camas de germinación previamente construidas bajo sombra y con exposición solar. La siembra incluyó 1.920 semillas, y el proceso de evaluación se realizó durante 75 días. La escarificación con lija y el remojo de las semillas en agua durante 48 horas incrementaron la germinación al 33% y el 34%. Estos valores aumentaron a más del 50% cuando se evaluó la interacción con el sustrato de tierra cernida y de arena + tierra cernida en una proporción de 2:1. Los resultados del crecimiento mostraron diferencias significativas entre factores y condiciones lumínicas, tanto en diámetro como en altura (p<0,05). El crecimiento y la supervivencia de las plántulas fueron mayores con los factores compuestos por tierra cernida (con y sin pregerminativos). En las condiciones de estudio, Apeiba glabra tiene una buena respuesta para su propagación con el uso de tierra cernida y escarificación con lija.
Influence of Bologna Process on the Academic Mobility of Students in the Siberian Universities
Authors: Varaksa Anna M. , Kovtun Ol’ga I.
Published: May 2018

In the article the change students mobility level after the entry of Russia in Bologna Process is considered. The difficulties of the Russian higher education in the organization of the academic exchange of students—geographical remoteness of universities of Siberia from the intellectual centers of Europe and Russia are investigated.

In this article we will pay special attention to the proceeding mobility of programs. Students of universities of the city of Novosibirsk are the object of the research. To study their mobility the data from Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management was used. Method of a research was induction, to study mass behavior of students on the example of one organization introduction was used as a method of a research. Also we used analysis, synthesis, mathematical modeling. For descriptive reasons we constructed schedules and charts.
Mapping Crime Hotspots in Akure, Nigeria: A GIS Perspective
Authors: Ajide Oyinloye M. , Oluwadare Olamiju I.
Published: May 2018

African countries in recent times have witnessed an unprecedented level of insecurity. This has made national security threat to be a major issue for the government and has prompted huge allocation of the national budget to security. The objective of this paper is to mark out crime hotspot areas in the central area of Akure metropolis; and examine the rate at which crimes are committed, the surveillance method used and its effectiveness. The research made use of Google Earth imagery and Geographical Information System (GIS) technology to delineate crime hotspots in Akure. A 100m buffer was created around the identified crime hotspots to select houses that are susceptible to the impacts of crime activities in the study area. A structured questionnaire was also used to elicit information on crime, surveillance method, and effect of crime on the people and level of occurrence in the city among others. Findings identified six major crimes in eight hotspot areas; noise, loss of property and threat to life were some of the effects of hotspots on residents. The paper recommends construction/repair of roads in the core residential areas for effective surveillance of hotspots. The use of satellite images to combat crime in the city is also canvassed.
TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED COMPANY: METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF STATUS DETERMINATION
Authors: Yeremchenko O. A.
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to perform a survey of indicators and criteria on the basis of which foreign and Russian companies can be classified as technologically advanced and innovative. We compared the approaches used by international and domestic analytical companies to identify and rank technologically advanced companies, as well as lists of companies that ranked first in the various ratings of 2017–2018. A hypothesis was confirmed that there is no single methodologically valid approach to identifying high-tech companies in the world. It is shown that the lists of companies that are the leaders of global ratings of innovative companies in the world are weakly correlated and depend on the set of indicators used.
FEATURES OF MONOPOLIZATION OF HIGH-TECH MARKETS IN THE PROJECTION OF PATENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Petrov A. N. , Kurakova N. G. ,  Zinov V. G. , Tsvetkova L. A.
Published: May 2018

The analysis of the transformation of the competitive landscape based on intellectual property rights in the technological field “Seed breeding, selection and production of plant protection means” for the period from 1999 to 2018, which led to the monopolization of the market of elite seeds and plant protection means in 2018, was carried out. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that in the modern format of the world economy, the achievement of market and technological leadership is impossible without superiority in the space of global intellectual property. Therefore, the formation of any technological oligopoly should be reflected in the patent landscape of the corresponding technological space. The focus of this study was the dynamics of the volume of patent rights that appear in companies that are both technological and market leaders and form the technological oligopoly.
AUGMENTED AND VIRTUAL REALITY IN MEDICINE: THE ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
Authors: Cherchenko O. V.
Published: May 2018

To assess the potential for the development of virtual and augmented reality technologies, as well as the competitiveness of Russian developments, a patent-market analysis of one of the dynamically developing technological areas introduced in the program «Digital Healthcare» was done. The results of the completed patent study allow us to characterize the direction of «virtual and supplemented reality in medicine» as a promising, but far from generating market products and services that could form a new market within 3–5 years. Despite the great interest in digital technologies and the new design of the economy that they created, the Russian Federation still occupies the 11th place in the world for patent activity in the field of virtual and augmented reality in medicine, and obviously underestimating the fact that the first positions of the world companies rating by the volume of patent portfolios are already occupied by such experienced market players as Philips, Sony, Samsung Electronics, Siemens healthcare, General Electric and Microsoft technology licensing.
KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS BERDASARKAN KEBERADAAN Salmonella sp PADA SELADA (Lactusa sativa)
Authors: ;Yuliawati Ramadhani; Dian
Published: May 2018

Konsumsi selada mentah sangat rentan terhadap kontaminasi bakteri patogen, karena rendahnya mutumikrobiologis selada yang ada di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kualitasbakteriologis selada (Lactusa sativa) dengan mengidentifikasi keberadaan bakteri Salmonella sp padaselada yang dijual di pasar induk tradisional dan pasar swalayan di kota Semarang, serta menganalisisbeberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan keberadaan bakteri Salmonella sp pada selada. Metodeyang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survey dan pemeriksaan laboratorium dengan pendekatancross sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 pedagang. Analisis data menggunakanuji Chi-square. Variabel bebas yang diteliti adalah sanitasi tempat, sanitasi air, higiene pedagang, dankesehatan pedagang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 32 sampel selada yang diperiksaterdapat 4 sampel selada yang diambil dari pasar tradisional positif teridentifikasi keberadaan bakteriSalmonella sp. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan keberadaan Salmonella sp meliputi kesehatanpedagang (pvalue= 0,026) pada (POR) = 0,091 95%CI= 0,008-1,039. Dibutuhkan penanganan seladayang baik selama penjualan oleh pedagang di pasar tradisional dengan lebih memperhatikan sanitasi,higiene dan kesehatan pedagang untuk mencegah peningkatan kontaminasi mikroba pada selada.Kata kunci: Selada, Salmonella sp, pedagang
STATUS JUMLAH KUMAN TOTAL PADA SELADA (Lactusa sativa) DI TINGKAT PEDAGANG
Authors: Ramadhani Nur
Published: May 2018

AbstrakKonsumsi selada mentah sangat rentan terhadap kontaminasi bakteri patogen, karena rendahnyamutu mikrobiologis sayuran segar yang ada di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenggambarkan status jumlah kuman total (Total Plate Count) pada selada di tingkat pedagang.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survey dan pemeriksaan laboratorium denganpendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh selada yang dijual di pasarinduk tradisional dan pasar swalayan di Kota Semarang. Sampel selada berjumlah 32. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 32 sampel selada diperoleh jumlah kuman total pada seluruhselada yang diperiksa melebihi batas standar cemaran (lebih dari 103 koloni/ml) tertinggi sebesar1,51 x 107 koloni/ml dan terendah sebesar 4,16 x 105 koloni/ml. Dibutuhkan penanganan seladayang baik selama penjualan oleh pedagang dengan lebih memperhatikan sanitasi, higiene dankesehatan pedagang.Kata kunci: selada, jumlah kuman total, pedagang
EVALUASI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH CAIR DI RUMAH “X”
Authors: ; Iravati Ulfah; Sarto
Published: May 2018

Rumah sakit dapat memiliki dampak negatif berupa pencemaran dari suatu proses kegiatan, yaituberupa limbah yang dihasilkan bila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Limbah cair Rumah Sakit X sebelumdibuang dari outlet terlebih dahulu dilakukan treatment di Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL)dengan hasil parameter suhu, TSS, BOD5, COD, deterjen, fenol dan pH telah memenuhi baku mutu.Namun, untuk parameter TDS dengan nilai 2670 Mg/L, fosfat dengan nilai 5,798 Mg/L dan amoniabebas dengan nilai 1,280 Mg/L tidak memenuhi baku mutu. Penelitian mixed methods denganstrategi triangulasi konkuren, kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian studi kasus eksploratoris.Penelitian didukung dengan data kuantitatif yang dilakukan secara deskriptif. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengelolaan limbah cair rumah sakit di Rumah Sakit X pada bulanMaret sampai Mei 2015. Hasil evaluasi kinerja aspek pengelolaan limbah cair di Rumah Sakit Xtermasuk dalam kategori baik, hasil pengolahan limbah cair termasuk kategori baik, dan kualitaslimbah cair setelah pengolahan untuk parameter pH, suhu, BOD, COD, amonia, fosfat, dan MPNColiform telah memenuhi baku mutu, namun untuk parameter TSS pada pengambilan sampelminggu ketiga dan parameter TDS untuk pengambilan sampel minggu pertama dan ketiga belummemenuhi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan. Aspek pengelolaan limbah cair Rumah Sakit X termasukkategori baik, aspek pengolahan limbah cair termasuk kategori baik, kualitas limbah cair setelahpengolahan sudah memenuhi baku mutu, kecuali TDS dan TSS.Kata Kunci: Kualitas Parameter Limbah Cair, Aspek Manajemen, dan Proses Pengolahan Limbah
HUBUNGAN KADAR METALOID ARSEN (As) PADA AIR MINUM DENGAN KEJADIAN LESI KULIT DI PULAU OBI PROPINSI MALUKU UTARA
Authors: ; Wulandari Lesmana; Kusnoputranto
Published: May 2018

Arsen (As) merupakan logam berat yang secara alami terdapat di tanah, air, bebatuan, bijih dan mineral. Arsendalam air minum dengan kadar tertentu apabila dikonsumsi dalam waktu lama dapat berisiko terhadapkesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kadar arsen dalam air minum dan hubungannyadengan kejadian lesi kulit di Pulau Obi. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan dilakukanpada 316 responden yang terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan dewasa di Pulau Obi. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 7,6% responden (n=316) mengalami lesi kulit dan mengkonsumsi air minumdengan kadar arsen tertentu. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar arsen dalam air minum memiliki hubunganpaling signifikan dengan kejadian lesi kulit di Pulau Obi setelah dikontrol oleh umur, jenis kelamin, status gizi,pekerjaan, lama tinggal, konsumsi air minum, kebiasaan konsumsi alkohol, dan kebiasaan merokok.Kata kunci : arsen, air minum, lesi kulit, As.
Relações intertextuais e sentidos dialógicos
Authors: Niedzieluk Luzinete Carpin , Ramalho e Oliveira Sandra Regina
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar como os textos sincréticos ou multimodais dialogam em si mesmos para produzir sentidos, apontando tanto movimentos dialógicos de aproximação, como os sentidos gerados nos espaços intervalares – hiatos, isto é, as complexas relações intertextuais ou interdiscursivas instauradas entre textos de linguagens estéticas distintas. Apresenta-se uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre conceitos que fundamentam a pesquisa como texto, enunciado, discurso, dialogismo, intertextualidade, interdiscursividade, polifonia, multimodalidade, sincretismo, hiato de acordo com autores como Bakhtin e Volochinov (1999), Kristeva (1974), Fiorin (1994); Landowski (2004), Ramalho e Oliveira (2016). A metodologia é qualitativa, descritiva e dialógica; o objeto empírico analisado é uma tira de histórias em quadrinhos. Como resultados, apontam-se efeitos de sentido gerados a partir das relações dialógicas e dos hiatos.