bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of enterprises headquarters and activities
Authors: Lőrincz Mónika , Köpeczi-Bócz Tamás
Published: April 2019

The University of Miskolc – as part of a needs assessment – took up contact with businesses that have the nature of the industry in line with the strategic objective areas of the institution. The survey focused on industry-wide is so limited, most of the knowledge-intensive company was that the knowledge economy is distinguished by relevant stakeholders through innovation activity.

The research results of the questionnaire are within the framework of this study, we intend to review how the knowledge-intensive small and medium enterprises differentiate implantation of the headquarters and activities their scope.

There are two types of embeddedness adapt the functions of universities with the aim to investigate the geographic scope of their activities in the extent of whether there is any impact on the local embedded and engagement.
Variation of boza nutrition parameters based on raw materials
Authors: Novák Anna , Kovács Béla , Czipa Nikolett
Published: April 2019

Boza is a ceral based fermented drink. Raw material of boza could be rise, millet, wheat and rye. Because of the diversity of raw materilas and the method of fermentation boza might show varied quality and nutrition value.

Nowadays healthy and conscious nutrition are playing more and more important roles in our lives. People pay an ever growing attention to the nutrition value of products, such as protein- and sugar content, components with antioxidant properties, and the mineral content of the products. In our research we wanted to know how the protein,-, sugar-, total polifenol-, mikro- and macro element content of products change.
Effect of G2548A polymorphism in the leptin gene on the BMI level in human population
Authors: Candráková Kritína , Trakovická Anna
Published: April 2019

The polymorphism in leptin (LEP 2548A) seems to influence obesity among others genes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the G2548A polymorphism on body mass index. We included 79 people from Slovakia with some genetic relatedness and used barrels kit to isolate the genomic DNA from an adenoblast swab- from the salivary. PCR products were amplified by pursued polymorphisms and G2548A, we restriction-analyzed them and then we identified the specific fragments describing the presence of chosen SNP polymorphism by the agarose electrophoresis, to analyze SNP polymorphism by PCR-RFLP method.

The LEP gene had increased frequency of G allele (0.5506). The most common genotype occurring in the gene LEP was heterozygous genotype (AG) and the least frequent genotype in LEP was AA (0.1899). Taking the age into account the BMI is higher if the G allele occurs in the LEP gene. Moreover, if the G allele genotype was situated in dominant form, then the highest average BMI was present.

According to the results we can assume that the AA genotype (LEP) has a protective effect on the prevalence of obesity compared to the other genotypes.
Economics of hail protection net installation in super intensive apple orchards
Authors: Szabó Viktor
Published: April 2019

The main objective of this study was to determine and organize beneficial and detrimental effects of hail protection nets, and as far as possible to quantify their economic impact. The main factors were determined, through which hail protection nets can affect the costs and incomes of the production, and as their sum the economic result. Considering these factors together with the investment cost and the annual maintenance costs allows the economic evaluation of purchasing of hail protection nets. The analysis was carried out using a deterministic simulation model based on primary data collection from apple producing businesses. Installing hail protection nets as additional technological elements of intensive apple orchards can be concluded by all means as an economic investment – trough their protective effect. However, to achieve really favourable economic indicators, definitely bigger tree height is needed making possible the realisation of around 8.0 t ha-1 extra yield. The main root of this phenomena are obviously the extremely high investment costs of hail protection nets, which result in a large mass of fixed costs during the production period. Therefore the basic economic interest is reaching higher yields and thereby higher profits per unit area.
Effect of agrotechnical factors on the activity of urease enzyme in a long term fertlization experiment
Authors: Horváth Judit , Mátyás Bence , Kátai János
Published: April 2019

The soil is a natural resource, the fertility preservation is an important part of the sustainable development. We have to monitor the transformation dinamics of the organic nitrogen-containing substances, to get accurate information about the changes of the nitrogen cycle in the soil.

Physical and chemical properties of the soil and the microorganism effect on the organic matter in the soil – in addition to the composition of organic matter. Wide variety of extracellular enzymes are present in this decomposition. These enzymes help in the transformation of the macromolecules to transforming low molecular weight compounds so they will be available during the assimilation.

The urease enzyme, catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to CO2 and NH3. The urease is widely spread in the nature, it is present in the microorganisms, plants and animals.

We found that the soil moisture content, the rotation and the fertilization affect to the amount of urease in spring. Furthermore, we get significant difference between the irrigated and non irrigated samples in the second period of the year. Based on our results we can state that the activity of urease was higher in spring 2014.

The objective of our study was to present how the different agronomic factors affect on the activity of urease in a long term fertilizationexperiment.
Toxic elemental content of Hungarian blaufränkisch wines
Authors: Soós Áron , Várallyay Szilvia , Kovács Béla
Published: April 2019

Toxic elemental contents are one of the food safety risks in wines. Therefore International Organization of Vine and Wine (O.I.V.) defined the limit of some elements in it. Thirty Hungarian blaufränkisch wines were analysed by ICP-MS in order to determine the concentration of toxic elements. All wines are passed by the O.I.V limits to toxic element content (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) according to analysis. Copper is the only outlier in some samples, but they also did not overstep the limit. In the case of zinc the maximum is approximately fourth, in case of cadmium and lead the highest concentration is less than tenth and sixth of the O.I.V. limit, respectively.
Economicalness of self-propelled work platforms in superintensive apple plantations
Authors: Szabó Viktor
Published: April 2019

The main goal of this study was to determine whether the use of work platforms in super intensive apple orchards in order to reduce production costs and enhance work area performance under Hungarian circumstances an economic investment is. The analysis was carried out using a deterministic simulation model based on primary data collection from apple producing businesses. The results show that work platforms have remarkable economic advantage in case of operations with high machine work expenditures or where they significantly improve the area performance of manual labour. The former was due to the much lower operating costs of work platforms compared to tractors, while the latter comes clear from reduction of manual labour input per hectare. The greatest economic advantage of work platforms occurs in case of harvesting and pruning, but in case of other operations they have no significant cost advantage. They main economic disadvantage is, however, that apple breaks more when harvesting with work platforms, i.e. picking quality deteriorates significantly. It can be concluded, that purchase of work platforms cannot be considered economic investment under Hungarian circumstances. It might be economic, utilised on maximum area (ca. 30 hectares) by certain companies in special cases, but in most cases has no favourable payback conditions.
Mitochondrial DNA-based diversity study of Hungarian brown hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778)
Authors: Soós Noémi , Kusza Szilvia
Published: April 2019

The brown hare being an important game species which is widespread across the European continent has been in focus of many population genetic studies. However only a few comprising researches can be found on the diversity of Central-European populations.

The aim of our large scale long term ongoing study is to fill this gap of information on the species by describing the genetic history and structure of the brown hare populations of the area using both mitochondrial DNA markers and genomic skin and hair colour regulating genes.

This article gives forth a part of our results concerning the mitochondrial DNA diversity of Hungarian brown hares based on amplification of a 512 bp long D-loop sequence. N=39 tissue or hair samples have been collected from 15 sampling sites on the Hungarian Great Plain. We have described a high level of haplotype diversity (Hd=0.879±0.044) based on a 410 bp alignment of our sequences. We have found 17 haplotypes within our sample set with the nucleotid diversity of π=0.01167±0.0022. Our ongoing research shows high genetic diversity for the brown hare in the studied region and a second alignment with 156 sequences downloaded from GenBank indicates a geographic pattern of haplotypes among the studied populations though these results need confirmation by our further analyses.
Survival Analysis of Hungarian Large White, Duroc and Pietrain Sows
Authors: Baginé Hunyadi Ágnes , Kusza Szilvia , Balogh Péter
Published: April 2019

The aim of the present study was to perform lifetime performance analysis in three pig breeds; Hungarian Large White (n=295), Duroc (n=76) and Pietrain (n=91) on a commercial farm using analysis of survival sows. We took into consideration the age of sows at the time of their inclusion into breeding, their age at the time of culling, time spent in production, number of mating and parities, parity percentage, intervals between litters, number and mean of piglets born alive and born dead, number of raised piglet litters, number and mean of 21 days old piglets, the weight and mean of raised litter and raise percentage.

We carried out the analysis by SPSS 22.0. Single factor analysis of variants, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox PH model were used. The determination of the significance of risk rates differences was done by Wald chi square test.

Our results showed that the average culling age were 1056 (±33.52) days for the Hungarian Large White, 735 (±73.56) days for Duroc and 818 (±71.98) days for the Pietrain.

The log rank test of the survival analysis indicated a significant difference between the three tested genotypes (χ2=16.981, P<0.001), which means that the survival percentage of the individual breeds varied significantly from one another. In comparison with the Hungarian Large White genotype the Duroc genotype has a 1.6 times higher (P<0.001) culling risk while that of the genotype Pietrain was 1.36 times higher (P<0.001).

Our results can be used to compare the breeds kept under the same conditions and to compare the life span of one genotype under different farming conditions. Factors that increase survival and improve the profitability of pig farming can be determined by this method.
Examination of microsatellite markers of Dorper sheep breed
Authors: Csizmár Nikolett , Jávor András , Kusza Szilvia
Published: April 2019

Number of not woolly and molty sheep exceeds 60 million throughout the world. Their numbers and their importance is growing, still they have appeared in the past two decades all over in North-America, Australia, New-Zealand and also in Europe. The South African Dorper has been a pioneer among them in Hungary. It was introduced in 2006 in the country. The Dorper sheep is the second largest breed in South Africa, which was developed from the crossing of Dorset Horn and the Blackhead Persian. The aim of the EU Member States in terms of this specific breed is increasing the small populations, improving the productive qualities, in addition to this avoiding inbreeding. However, finding appropriate breeding stock is difficult due to the small size of available populations and also to the suspected common of origin. With the help of various molecular genetic methods we could get a total view of the genetic background of these flocks. Nowadays the most commonly known and used genetic markers are microsatellites, because their applications give fast, accurate and easily reproducible results. There is no specific descriptive information on the genetic background of Dorper populations in the various EU countries , also regarding diversity between populations. Therefore in our work we want to optimize the conditions of applicability of 31 selected microsatellite reactions as a first step of mapping the entire genetic background of the different EU Dorper populations.
Sorghum and millet as alternative grains in nutrition
Authors: Jevcsák Szintia , Sipos Péter
Published: April 2019

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) are the fifth and sixth most important cereal crops in the world. Gluten-free grains, therefore persons with coeliac disease could consume them also. In addition, they have a lot of positive effects due to their phenolic compounds (phenol acid, flavonoid, tannin). The total phenol content of sorghum is high, but Panicum miliaceum and Eleusine coracana have higher antioxidant activity. Fiber and mineral contents are also high, the protein contents are also higher than in standard cereals. Sorghum use is similar to corn: starch, glucose, syrup, and oil can be produced. Moreover, it can be used in preparing whole grain products, bread, pancake, dumpling, mush, cake, pasta and beer from sorghum. Broom and forage are also can be prepeared from them. Millet used such as mush, steamed food, cake, bread, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
The status of the Hungarian Merino sheep breed compared to the other merino breeds
Authors: Szabó Mária , Kusza Szilvia , Csízi István , Monori István
Published: April 2019

Merino and Merino-derived sheep breeds have been widely known and distributed across the world, both as purebred and admixed populations. They represent a diverse genetic resource which over time has been used as the basis for the development of new breeds. In spite of this, their gene-pool potential is still unexplored. The Merino sheep represent the most important sheep resource of the Hungarian husbandry. It has the largest amount of individuals between both of the stock and commercial flocks. But in Europe the Merino stocks went through a drastic reduction in number. Thus these breeds became endangered in several countries as well as in Hungary. In this study we would like to present the recent status of different Merino breeds of the world to ground our further phylogenetic research with the Hungarian Merino breed.
Comparative analysis of sample preparation methods to determine the concentration of arsenic in soil- and plant-samples
Authors: Várallyay Szilvia , Szilva Diána , Soós Áron , Kovács Béla
Published: April 2019

Arsenic contamination of the fields and groundwater is a global problem. Alföld is the most affected area in Hungary. Irrigation witharsenic contaminated water, and crop production on the contaminated soil can cause a food safety problem, because arsenic is easy taken up by the cell of the plant roots. To prevent this, very important to monitoring the arsenic content of soils and plants. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a fast, easy method to determined the concentration of minerals in the case of plant and soil samples The analytical methods can give reliable, results if the analytical process, including the sample preparation method, is the best. The objective of this study was to compare 3 type of sample preparation method which was dry ashing, wet digestion in open system, and microwave digestion. As a result of our experiement shows the microwave digestion is the appropriate method to determined the arsenic content of soil samples. In the case of plant samples we can use wet digestion in open system or microwave digestion as a samle preparation method.
Growth regulators influence on stability of shoots and ascorbic acid content at cadmium and nickel joint action
Authors: Artiushenko T. A. , Grishko V. M.
Published: April 2019

It is shown that for a maize the most effective protector of cadmium and nickel influence was zeastimulin, for a pea – agrostimulin.A protective function of emistim C for both cultures was insignificant. It is set that zeastimulin is influential in the increased metals absorption of a root system, however substantially (on 15% for a nickel and twice for a cadmium) reduces their translocation to above-ground part of plants. Previous treatment of pea seed by agristimulin also intensified the accumulation of nickel roots on 60% and did not influence on cadmium absorption and toxicants translocation to tissues of assimilatory organs. The protector role of growth regulators to cadmium and nickel joint influence shows up in the increase of ascorbic acid maintenance in the roots cells of both species to 34%, where as in leaves – at a maize resulted in the lowering of vitamin С amount (on 28%), but at a pea – increase on 20%.
Influences of different organic fertilizers on nutrients of humic sandy soil and on the growth of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Authors: Balláné Kovács Andrea , Kremper Rita , Kincses Ida , Leviczky Ágnes
Published: April 2019

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of manure with different origin (horse, cattle), various bedding materials (straw, sawdust) and diverse doses (30 t ha-1, 60 t ha-1) and the impact of food waste compost on the plant growth and the available plant nutrient content of soil. The study was conducted on humic sandy soil and consisted of 9 treatments in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) was grown as the test crop. The treatments were: 1. unfertilized control; 2. horse manure with straw (30 t ha-1); 3. horse manure with sawdust (30 t ha-1); 4. cattle manure (30 t ha-1); 5 food waste compost (30 t ha-1); 6. horse manure with straw (60 t ha-1); 7. horse manure with sawdust (60 t ha-1); 8. cattle manure (60 t ha-1); 9. food waste compost (60 t ha-1). Plant growth was monitored for 4 weeks. Shoot and root weights per pot were measured, total biomass weight per pot were counted.

On the basis of the results it can be concluded, that among treatments the application of horse manure with straw enhanced spinach growth most significantly compared to other treatments and to the non-treated control, resulted the highest weights of leaves and roots of spinach. At the same time even small dose (30 t ha-1) of this fertilizer caused increased plant available nitrogen and phosphorus of soil and the higher dosage further increased these values. The horse manure with sawdust applied in lower dose did not alter the leaves and roots weights, but higher portion (60 t ha-1) caused significantly decreased plant biomass. The results proved that the bedding material may significantly alter the composition of manure and may change the plant nutrition effect of organic fertilizer. Cattle manure and food waste compost in both applied doses enhanced plant growth. Both fertilizers increased the plant available nitrogen forms and phosphorus content of soil, but cattle manure caused higher increase.
Examination of the plum psyllid (Cacopsylla pruni Scopoli), a vector of European Stone Fruit Yellows (ESFY) phytoplasma in the countryside of Boldogkőváralja (Hungary)
Authors: Bodnár Dominika , Mergenthaler Emese , Viczián Orsolya , Tarcali Gábor
Published: April 2019

European Stone Fruit Yellows(ESFY) phytoplasma disease on apricot was identified by molecular methods for the first time in 1992 in Hungary. Currently, the pathogen is known as’ Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum’. Since, the pathogen become wide-spreaded and manyof the apricot-plantations had to be eliminated. In 2009 and 2010 in the countryside of Boldogkőváralja the infection of the apricot-plantations was about 77%. As the disease spreading and causing large damages, we studied the roleo fpossible vector,the plum psyllid (Cacopsylla pruni Scopoli) in the areas of Boldogkőváralja, North-East-Hungary. Studies were done in the year of 2016, monitoring the behaviour of the psyllids in four different areas, and caught 41 them for further examination. We collected plant samples from those apricot trees, on which the plum psyllids were caught.
The specification of the growing temperature on PDA of chestnut blight pathogen (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr) to optimize timing for biocontrol treatments by hypovirulent strains
Authors: Kovács Gabriella , Radócz László
Published: April 2019

The most destructive pathogen for the European chestnut trees is the blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. The biological control is the only effective possibility to apply in situ biocontrol by hypovirulent strains against compatible virulent (wild) fungus strains. The infested bark tissues can inoculate by drilling holes surrounding and putting into agar discs interwoven by the appropriate vegetative compatible group (VCG) hypovirulent fungus strains. This latest can pass those virus-like particles (VLPs) by parasexual contact (called hypha-anastomosis)which responsible to hypovirulence. A laboratory experiment was made to find the optimal times to carry out the treatments. The intensity of growth of fungal colonies were analysed on different temperatures. The growth of the fungus on low temperature were rather slow,according to our expectations. On higher temperature the colony progress were the same as on the optimal 20–25 °C. These observations and the environment determine the date of the field applications under Hungarian weather conditions. It means the optimal treatment periods can be May or end of September to middle October in Hungary.
Distribution of the American grapevine leafhopper (Scaphoideus titanus Ball 1932) in surroundings of Nagyvárad (Oradea, West Romania) and Debrecen (East Hungary)
Authors: Szalárdi Tímea , Tarcali Gábor , Nagy Károly , Szarukán István , Nagy Antal
Published: April 2019

The first European appearance of american grapevine leafhopper (Scaphoideus titanus), which is the vector of Grapevine Flavescence Dorée phytoplasma (‘Ca. Phytoplasma vitis’), were detected in France in 1924. The leafhopper has been distributed since 2006 in Hungary and now it occurs in the whole country, while the first record of the phytoplasma was published in 2013.We studied the distribution of the leafhopper in surroundings of Nagyvárad (Oradea, West Romania) in 2015 and surroundings of Debrecen (East Hungary) in 2016. During the studies 17 sites were sampled. The leafhoppers were found in six Romanian places with relatively low abundances while it occurs in all studied Hungarian sites and two of them showed extremely high frequenncy.
The queen of the sports with the eyes of the women
Authors: Béki Piroska , Keresztesi Katalin
Published: April 2019

The media plays a very important role in the gender socialization as in the sport selection also, in which the individual is born,. We want to introduce those disciplines through the development of more studies are in athletics not least, belonged to a man's privilege. The emergence of women in a variety of masculine competitions has enabled the track and field sport turned into both gender sport. The masculinity and feminity separation in sport is increasingly disappear and become neutral. In our study, we analyze the changes in women's athletics point of view of history, in some disciplines for women and the availability of representatives assessment of Hungary. We based on Methenys categorization in 1965, and Bem's study, written in 1974, and examined women's branch of track and field sports acknowledgment and acceptance focused on the masculine category.
Mycotoxin contamination in maize triggered by arthropod pests and the related protection possibilities
Authors: Horváth Dávid
Published: April 2019

Mycotoxin contamination in harvested maize has increased in the last decades, which can be unequivocally back to the plant health troubles caused by global warming. The increasing of wounds in maize crops was occurred by climate change both on direct (hailstorm) and indirect(newly appeared pests) ways. In additional, the settling phytopathogenic microfungi on these plant wounds inflict serious human and animal health problems.The changing of Hungarian arthropod pests assemblages stand in the background of this dangerous nuisance complex. The spreading of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) bivoltine ecotype as well as the newly appeared adventive species [cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.), western corn rootworm (Diabrotica v. virgifera LeConte), fourspotted-sapbeetle (Glischrochilus quadrisignatus Say)] in Hungary can be responsible for this situation. In total, all technological elements, which obstruct the damage of these chewing mouthparts pests, as well as moderate the mechanical damage of maize, can be contribute to the reduction of both these phytopathogens injuries and mycotoxin contaminations.
Effect of agrotechnological treatment on nutritive value of common millet
Authors: Jevcsák Szintia , Sipos Péter
Published: April 2019

The cultivation of common millet shows an increasing tendency due to its adaptability to extreme poor circumstances. In addition, millet do not contain gluten forming proteins such as gliadin and glutenin, therefore people with gluten intolerance could consume it. The vitamin B and mineral content increase the importance of millet. The aim of our experiment was to measure the quality of flour of two millet varieties treated with different nitrogen fertilizer doses.
The role of production site isolation in the plant health situation of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa)
Authors: Kovács Gabriella , Radócz László
Published: April 2019

The most destructive pathogen for the European chestnut is the blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. The spread of the fungus was very fast in Europe within a few decades in the second half of the past century. During the tree-health checking in the chestnut andwalnut plantation in Romania, Hargita county, next to Homoródkarácsonyfalva village, we especially concentraded on the signs of blight disease occurrence. The grove is laying on a western slope, under a pine forest. This favourable geographical space protects it not only from pathogen attacts, but it has a special, mild microclimate for nut and chestnut trees. The European chestnut could be a valuable member of local forests, opening a new perspective under conditions of climate changes.
Evaluating economic value properties of different beetroot varieties
Authors: Rubóczki Tímea , Takácsné Hájos Mária
Published: April 2019

The root vegetables have a pivotal role in the vegetable consumption and to form a healthy diet. The consumption of natural juices, like apple-beetroot are becoming more popular and the drying-, the pharmaceutical- and canning industry require more beetroot to process. For the processing, the industry requires easily peeled and round shaped roots, therefore to use the proper variety is very important. The primary quality parameters are the inner color intensity, uniform color and water soluble dry matter content.4 beetroot varieties were evaluated (Libero, Rubin, Detroit 2 and Cylindra) in the 3 years experiment which was carried out at the University of Debrecen, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, Botanical and Exhibiton Garden. The soil type was calcareous chernozem. Leaf length, shape index and water soluble solid content were measured, and sensory evaluation was carried out on taste, inner color intensity and white ring.To summarize, we can state the exception of Rubin genotype all of the varieties are suitable for second cultivation and good for processing (canned, juice, powder).
Genetic diversity study in Hungarian coldblooded horses
Authors: Csizmár Nikolett , Mihók Sándor , Jávor András , Kusza Szilvia
Published: April 2019

Because of the feeding technology innovation, accelerated transport and communication facilities breeds of high performance breeds replaced local autochone breeds worldwide. These latter species however have an important role in gene conservation. Hungarian cold-blooded horse breeding stock are lacking pedigree, the actual founder breed mares are not known. For this reason, it is an major priority defining the genetic backround of the existing flock, for that breeding could operate with purposeful using of origin maternal founders. In the present study 195 cold-blooded Hungarian mares tail and mane sample were analized. Our analysis was carried out between 15531–15752 base pairs in mithocrondial DNA D-loop region, which reported a total of 222 base pairs. Fourtyone polymorphic sites were determined, which resulted in 39 haplotypes (h=39). The average pairwise differences were k=6.825. High haplotype and nucleotide diversity values were observed (Hd=0.968±0.003, π=0.026±0.003). Based on the previously defined variable positions of haplotypes defined by Jansen et al (2002), we groupped our haplotypes into haplogroups. 23 percent of the studied population (45 mares) belonged to haplogroup F1. Nearly 97% of the analyzed population was classified into one of eight  haplogroups defined by Jansen.et al. (2002). This study gives genetic information nearly 25% of the Hungarian population. Another possibility would be patterning more mares or involving more genetic marker in the study which will assuming the possibility of a more comprehensive analysis.
Determining the antioxidant compounds of beer
Authors: Alexa Loránd , Kántor Andrea , Kovács Béla , Czipa Nikolett
Published: April 2019

The increasing consumption of beer indicates the necessity of the thorough analysis of its composition. In this study, the total phenolic content, flavonoid content and colour intensity of 24 beer samples have been determined. The samples contained pale barley, dark barley, pale wheat and dark wheat beers. The aim of the study was to determine the amount of the antioxidant compounds in beer, as well as to find correlation between different beer types and the above mentioned parameters.

Dark barley samples contained phenolic compounds in the highest concentrations, and it can also be concluded that dark beers contain phenolic compounds and flavonoids in higher concentrations than pale beers in the case of barley and wheat samples.

According to the performed statistical analysis, these beer types cannot be differentiated based on the analysed parameters. The highest percentage of correctly classified samples could be observed in case of dark barley samples, but this value has only been 75%, and the total result of correctly classified cases was only 41.7%. The analysis of more samples and parameters is required to carry out a successful differentiation.
Application of AquaCrop in processing tomato growing and calculation of irrigation water
Authors: Takács Sándor , Molnár Tibor , Csengeri Erzsébet , Anh Le Tuan
Published: April 2019

The area and volume of processing tomato production is increasing in Hungary. Irrigation is crucial for processing tomato growing. To save water and energy, it is important to know exactly how much water is needed to reach the desirable quality and quantity. AquaCrop is a complex software, developed by FAO, which is able to calculate irrigation water needs, several stress factors and to predict yields. A field experiment was conducted in Szarvas in processing tomato stands, under different irrigation treatments. These were the following: fully irrigated plot with 100% of evapotranspiration (ET) (calculated by AquaCrop), deficit irrigated plot with 50% of ET (D) and control (K) plot with basic water supply was also examined. Dry yield, crop water stress index and soil moisture were compared to modelled data. The yields in the plots with different access to water were not outstanding in the experiment. The model overestimated the yields in every case, but the actual and modelled yields showed good correlation. AquaCrop detected stomatal closure percentages only in the unirrigated plot. These values were compared to CWSI – computed from leaf surface temperature data, collected by a thermal cam in July – and showed moderately strong correlation. This result suggests that Aquacrop simulates water stress not precisely and it is only applicable in the case of water scarcity. Soil moisture data of the three plots were only compared by means. The measured and modeled data did not differ in the case of K and ET plots, but difference appeared in the D plot. The obtained results suggest that the use of AquaCrop for monitoring soil moisture and water stress has its limits when we apply the examined variables. In the case of dry yield prediction overestimation needs to be considered.
The effect of sowing date and plant density of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. napus f. biennis L.) population
Authors: Vincze Éva , Pepó Péter
Published: April 2019

The experiment has been set up in the University of Debrecen Látókép Experimental Station in three different years (2014, 2015 and 2016), three different plant densities 200, 350 and 500 thousand ha-1, four replications of the same nutrient supply with using a line spacing of 45 cm. In the experiment, the fore crop was winter wheat in each year. The amount of weeds was observed five times in the last experimental year (2016/2017). In the three experimental years, the highest yield was harvested from the early sowing plot with the highest plant density. On the basis of the Pearson’s correlation analysis there was significant negative correlation (r=-0.583) between the effect of the annual year and yield of the hybrid.
THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE JOURNAL: EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION
Authors: Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Šaparauskas Jonas
Published: April 2019

"The 25th anniversary of the journal: editor’s introduction", Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 25(3), 365-368.
The CARMA–NRO Orion Survey: Statistical Signatures of Feedback in the Orion A Molecular Cloud
Authors: Feddersen Jesse R. , Arce Héctor G. , Kong Shuo , Ossenkopf-Okada Volker , Carpenter John M.
Published: April 2019

We investigate the relationship between turbulence and feedback in the Orion A molecular cloud using maps of

(1−0),

(1−0), and C18O(1−0) from the CARMA–NRO Orion survey. We compare gas statistics with the impact of feedback in different parts of the cloud to test whether feedback changes the structure and kinematics of molecular gas. We use principal component analysis, the spectral correlation function, and the spatial power spectrum to characterize the cloud. We quantify the impact of feedback with momentum injection rates of protostellar outflows and wind-blown shells as well as the surface density of young stars. We find no correlation between shells or outflows and any of the gas statistics. However, we find a significant anticorrelation between young star surface density and the slope of the

spectral correlation function, suggesting that feedback may influence this statistic. While calculating the principal components, we find peaks in the covariance matrix of our molecular line maps offset by 1–3

 toward several regions of the cloud that may be produced by feedback. We compare these results to predictions from molecular cloud simulations.
Even Simpler Modeling of Quadruply Lensed Quasars (and Random Quartets) Using Witt's Hyperbola
Authors: Schechter Paul L. , Wynne Raymond A.
Published: April 2019

Witt (1996) has shown that, for an elliptical potential, the four images of a quadruply lensed quasar lie on a rectangular hyperbola that passes through the unlensed quasar position and the center of the potential as well. Wynne & Schechter (2018) have shown that, for the singular isothermal elliptical potential (SIEP), the four images also lie on an “amplitude” ellipse centered on the quasar position with axes parallel to the hyperbola’s asymptotes. Witt’s hyperbola arises from equating the directions of both sides of the lens equation. The amplitude ellipse derives from equating the magnitudes. One can model any four points as an SIEP in three steps. (1) Find the rectangular hyperbola that passes through the points. (2) Find the aligned ellipse that also passes through them. (3) Find the hyperbola with asymptotes parallel to those of the first that passes through the center of the ellipse and the pair of images closest to each other. The second hyperbola and the ellipse give an SIEP that predicts the positions of the two remaining images where the curves intersect. Pinning the model to the closest pair guarantees a four-image model. Such models permit rapid discrimination between gravitationally lensed quasars and random quartets of stars.
An Analytical Model of Radial Dust Trapping in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Sierra Anibal , Lizano Susana , Macías Enrique , Carrasco-González Carlos , Osorio Mayra , Flock Mario
Published: April 2019

We study dust concentration in axisymmetric gas rings in protoplanetary disks. Given the gas surface density, we derived an analytical total dust surface density by taking into account the differential concentration of all grain sizes. This model allows us to predict the local dust-to-gas mass ratio and the slope of the particle size distribution, as a function of radius. We test this analytical model by comparing it with a 3D magnetohydrodynamical simulation of dust evolution in an accretion disk. The model is also applied to the disk around HD 169142. By fitting the disk continuum observations simultaneously at λ = 0.87, 1.3, and 3.0 mm, we obtain a global dust-to-gas mass ratio

and a viscosity coefficient α = 1.35 × 10−2. This model can be easily implemented in numerical simulations of accretion disks.
On the Dynamical Relevance of Galaxy Spiral Arm Evolution. I. Arm Density Structure
Authors: Mata-Chávez M. Dolores , Velázquez Héctor , Pichardo Barbara , Valenzuela Octavio , Roca-Fábrega Santi , Hernández-Toledo Héctor , Aquino-Ortíz Erik
Published: April 2019

We explore the spiral arm structural properties in a large variety of simulated galaxy systems. We study spiral arms arising from isolated barred and unbarred galaxies, as well as from interactions with small satellites. In all these first models, galactic systems are all embedded in a spherical dark matter halo. We also study spiral arms arising from a galactic system embedded in a triaxial dark matter halo. Simulations used in this work have been obtained by using different N-body codes and initial conditions techniques. Our strategy is to study the 3D arm structure through the analysis of pitch angle, along/transverse/vertical density laws and their corresponding scale lengths, and spiral lifetime. Our main results are as follows. First, the radial density profile of all spiral arms analyzed in this work is exponential. This profile resembles the one of the disk but with a scale length that is systematically larger (5%–40%). This result suggests that spiral arm gravitational influence is important beyond the scale radius of the disk. Second, the vertical and transversal density laws of the spiral arms follow a sech2. The vertical scale length is compatible with the one of the disk; this is observed in all spiral arms analyzed here, independently of their origin, i.e., bar, high-order disk perturbation, tidal interaction with satellites, or halo triaxiality. Third, in the triaxial and satellite simulations, spiral arms follow a logarithmic locus all through their lifetime; the remaining models develop transient, recurrent, and short-lived spirals with a nondefined locus. In all cases, spiral arms wind up in their lifetime with a small pitch angle reduction. It is common that newborn spirals inherit the pitch angle of the previous ones; this result challenges the dynamical relevance of arm evolution. Finally, from the analysis of public photometric observations of NGC 2543, we state that the properties of observed spiral arm structure can be consistent with our conclusions. Further and systematic comparisons with observations are needed in order to confirm our results.
Participatory audiences in the European public service media: Content production and copyright
Authors: López-Cepeda Ana-María , López-Golán Mónica , Rodríguez-Castro Marta
Published: April 2019

The interactivity and participation of the public in the media is not a novelty, but has increased significantly with the adaptation to the digital convergence process. The possibility for audiences to share content through social platforms or generating its own is raising new ethical and legal issues. In this context, the public service audiovisual media must be pioneer both in the introduction of new participatory experiences and in the debate on the behaviour of the media regarding the interaction with its users. The objective of this article is twofold: on the one hand, to approach the current scenario of participatory mechanisms present in the European public service audiovisual media; on the other hand, to determine how this media is solving the new problems generated by the increase in user interaction. The research on participatory mechanisms offered by public service media shows that social networks, blogs, and comment sections are the main tools for discursive participation, while the field of creative participation requires the exploitation of new innovation strategies. The main challenge arising from this situation is how to control the legality of user-generated content and how to manage the ownership of copyright according to social values represented in public service media.

La interactividad y participación del público en los medios de comunicación no supone una novedad, pero se ha incrementado notablemente con la adaptación al proceso de convergencia digital. La posibilidad de las audiencias de compartir a través de plataformas sociales o de generar contenido propio está planteando nuevas problemáticas éticas y jurídicas. En este contexto, los medios audiovisuales de servicio público deben ser pioneros tanto en la introducción de nuevas experiencias participativas como en el debate sobre el comportamiento de los medios en la relación con sus usuarios. El objetivo de este artículo es doble: por un lado, hacer una aproximación al panorama actual de los mecanismos de participación con los que cuenta el servicio audiovisual público europeo; por otro, conocer cómo estos medios están resolviendo las nuevas problemáticas generadas por el incremento en las relaciones con los usuarios. La exploración de los mecanismos de participación ofrecidos por los medios de comunicación públicos demuestra que las redes sociales, los blogs y las secciones de comentarios son los instrumentos de participación discursiva predominantes, mientras que en la esfera de la participación creativa es necesario explotar nuevas estrategias de innovación. Como principal reto a abordar, se plantea cómo controlar la legalidad del contenido generado por los usuarios y gestionar la titularidad de los derechos de autor conforme a los valores sociales representados en los medios públicos.
Effects of an Interdisciplinary Care Team on the Management of Alzheimer's Disease in China
Authors: Chen Chunying , Huang Yingying , Liu Caixia , Xu Ying , Zheng Lingyan , Li Jun
Published: April 2019

The current study aimed to evaluate the multidimensional effects of an interdisciplinary care team in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). A total of 129 patients with AD were randomly assigned to an interdisciplinary care group (
n
= 69) or usual care group (
n
= 60). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of patients with AD were measured during a 6-month treatment period. No differences were found in the baseline characteristics between the interdisciplinary care and usual care groups. Compared to usual care, interdisciplinary care greatly increased patients' activities of daily living (ADL) scores when measured at 3 and 6 months (
p
< 0.001). Findings provide evidence that an interdisciplinary care team approach is beneficial in improving ADL performance; thus, an interdisciplinary care team should be implemented in the care arrangements for patients with AD. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45
(5), 39–45.]
Aging Individuals With Down Syndrome and Dementia as Teachers: Learnings from Staffin a Developmental Disability Program in Long-Term Care
Authors: Lane Annette M. , Reed Marlette B. , Hawranik Pamela
Published: April 2019

Older adults with Down syndrome (DS) and dementia are an emerging sub-population. With much longer life spans than decades ago, issues have arisen as to where these aging adults will live and how nurses and other staff in facilities can provide effective care to these individuals. The current article presents a research study that examined the learnings of nurses and staff members working within a western Canadian program for older adults with DS and dementia. These learnings include: the importance of learning from each other; importance of collaboration; how individuals with developmental disabilities communicate; older adults with DS and dementia differ from older adults with dementia; and residents' impact on staff. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45
(5), 17–22.]
Predictors of Emergency Department Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Ho Mu-Hsing , Wang Chin-Hsiang , Joo Jee Young , Chang Hui-Chen (Rita) , Chang Chia-Chi , Liu Megan F.
Published: April 2019

A cross-sectional research study was conducted to explore factors associated with and predictors of emergency department (ED) use among community-dwelling older adults. Data were collected using questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics, health literacy, comprehensive assessment instruments, and ED use. Age, fall frequency, number of diseases, number of medications, health literacy, nutritional status, cognitive function, and activities of daily living were associated with ED use. Age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.00, 1.07]), health literacy (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.79, 0.99]), number of diseases (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.01, 1.78]), and cognitive function (aOR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.55, 0.96]) were significant predictors of ED use. Health care professionals, researchers, and education providers need to assess patients' health literacy, number of diseases, and cognitive function and take approaches to improve health literacy in older adults to maintain their health as well as reduce ED use. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45
(5), 31–38.]
Fédérer les diversités en Lansad Humanités : vers une approche-programme ?
Authors: Manoïlov Pascale , Thurel Céline
Published: April 2019

Cet article vise à montrer comment une approche-programme permet d’envisager le secteur Lansad, dans le domaine des sciences humaines et sociales, de manière décloisonnée. Partant du constat que l’enseignement de l’anglais Lansad en SHS se limite souvent à des cours de langue généraux, prenant peu en compte les besoins spécifiques des étudiants, nous nous sommes attachés à redéfinir le terme même de Lansad, invitant le secteur à injecter une certaine spécialisation dans ses enseignements. Après avoir établi un état des lieux de la situation dans notre université, effectué une évaluation des enseignements par les étudiants et restructuré toute l’offre de cours en procédant à une labellisation de nos enseignements, nous avons tâché de faire émerger des circuits cohérents, au programme clairement défini, afin de pouvoir proposer à nos étudiants une formation à la carte, correspondant au plus près à leurs besoins. Nous pensons que cette approche permet de faire du Lansad une véritable plus-value dans le parcours des étudiants.