bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ação dos agentes clareadores contendo peróxido de hidrogênio e peróxido de carbamida sobre o esmalte dental humano*
Authors: Araújo Danilo Barral , Lima Max José Pimenta , Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia de
Published: January 2019

A demanda crescente da sociedade moderna pelos procedimentos odontológicos de caráter estético tem encontrado resposta na odontologia mediante a opção pelo clareamento dental, seja através de géis auto-aplicáveis ou de exclusiva competência profissional, foto-ativados ou não pelo led ou laser/led, seja incorporados à formulação de dentifrícios. Aparentemente menos agressivos às estruturas mineralizadas, os produtos clareadores disponíveis no mercado contêm peróxido de hidrogênio, peróxido de carbamida e perborato de sódio, sendo esse último indicado para a realização de clareamentos endógenos em dentes despolpados. Na concentração de 10%, auto-aplicável, o peróxido de carbamida é considerado padrão “ouro” pela FDA. O surgimento de lesões na morfologia do esmalte, em particular a hipersensibilidade, tem justificado, inclusive, a flúor-terapia e a aplicação do laser infravermelho, dentre outros procedimentos. Não é consensual, entre os pesquisadores, se a severidade das lesões detectadas microscopicamente na superfície do esmalte dental, em decorrência da ação desses produtos, tem relevância clínica. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os efeitos, sobre o esmalte dental humano, da aplicação de produtos que contêm peróxido de hidrogênio, peróxido de carbamida, agentes clareadores que integram dentifrícios e géis.
Fatores associados ao histórico de prática de atividade física em gestantes
Authors: Sampaio Fábio P. , Gomes-Filho Isaac S. , Cruz Simone S. , Passos Johelle S. , Almeida Rafael P. , Cerqueira Eneida M. M. , Freitas Camila O. T.
Published: January 2019

A necessidade do conhecimento dos fatores externos que podem influenciar na causalidade de eventos deletérios à gestação é de grande relevância, pois podem determinar a morbi-mortalidade infantil. Sabe-se que a prática de atividade física orientada, ao contrário, executada durante a gestação, traz benefícios. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar descritivamente os aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde, estilo de vida em gestantes com histórico de prática de atividade física (PAF). Um estudo exploratório do tipo corte transversal foi composto por 164 grávidas, divididas em dois grupos: o GRUPO 01, de mulheres com histórico de prática de atividade física, e o GRUPO 02, de mulheres sem histórico de prática de atividade física. Todas responderam a um questionário para coletar dados sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida, além de informações acerca do histórico de prática de atividade física. Inicialmente, foram estimadas as freqüências das variáveis estudadas e então obtidas as medidas de associação (RP e IC 95%) entre o histórico de PAF e as variáveis em questão. Os resultados demonstraram uma precariedade no acesso aos serviços básicos de saúde, renda e escolaridade baixas, e a falta de prática de atividade física regular antes e durante a gestação.
A biocompatibilidade dos materiais pode ser avaliada através dos mastócitos?
Authors: Oliveira Marcondes Queiroz , Sadigursky Moysés
Published: January 2019

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a participação dos mastócitos nos processos de cura de feridas, considerando a sua presença na composição dos critérios de avaliação e interpretação das respostas teciduais de biocompatibilidade. A atividade experimental foi realizada usando-se quarenta Rattus norvegicus albinus, divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (1, 2, 3 e 4) para avaliação em vinte e quatro horas, uma, duas e três semanas, respectivamente. Cada animal serviu para os grupos experimentais (região dorsocefálica), onde foi implantada uma membrana biocompatível no tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo e controles sham (região dorsocaudal), onde o tecido conjuntivo foi somente manuseado. Os resultados evidenciaram que, nos grupos experimentais, a quantidade de mastócitos nos tecidos foi menor do que nos respectivos grupos sham. Entretanto, a comparação do número dessas células não revelou significância estatística. Os valores estatísticos encontrados para um valor de p=0,05, usando o teste ”t” de Student, ao se comparar cada grupo experimental com o seu respectivo sham, foram: grupo 1 (p=0,218), grupo 2 (p=0,421), grupo 3 (p=0,116) e grupo 4 (p=0,668), portanto, não significante estatisticamente. Os valores entre as grupos sham de vinte e quatro horas e experimental de três semanas foi p=0,014 e, entre o grupo experimental de vinte e quatro horas e o sham de 3 semanas, foi p=0,001. A conclusão é que a presença de mastócitos nas áreas adjacentes à membrana sugere uma resposta de aceitação. Entretanto, novas investigações devem ser realizadas para se esclarecer a viabilidade da inclusão dessas células nos testes secundários de biocompatibilidade.
Análise de níveis de significância genômica na identificação de marcadores moleculares em característica de baixa herdabilidade
Authors: Jangarelli Marcelo
Published: January 2019

Objetivou-se analisar diferentes níveis de significância na identificação de marcadores moleculares relacionados a uma característica quantitativa de baixa herdabilidade. Uma comparação entre os níveis de 1%, 5%, 10% e 20% foi realizada por meio do programa computacional de simulação genética (GENESYS), utilizando-se a seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares para avaliação desses níveis. Os resultados indicaram superioridade dos níveis de significância de maior magnitude (10% e 20%), em relação aos de menores valores (1% e 5%), quanto aos ganhos fenotípicos obtidos após a seleção, além de benefícios em alguns parâmetros genéticos (menor endogamia média; maior número de marcadores identificados e menor fixação de marcas). Assim, apesar de os níveis de 1% e 5% apresentarem uma maior precisão na detecção de marcadores – QTLs (quantitative trait loci), eles deixam a desejar no que diz respeito às melhorias genéticas, resultando em ganhos fenotípicos e genéticos inferiores.
Neurofibromatose: uma desordem hereditária: relato de caso de ocorrência em mãe e filha
Authors: Beiro Ana Carolina , Dantas João Frank Carvalho , Conte Neto Nicolau , Nasciben Marcelo Bastos , Scarso Filho José
Published: January 2019

A neurofibromatose é uma desordem genética caracterizada pelo aparecimento de neoplasias benignas que acompanham o trajeto do nervo envolvido, alterações cutâneas e, em alguns casos mais raros, lesões gastrintestinais e alterações no sistema nervoso central, com conseqüente retardo mental. Não existe cura para essa desordem, mas existe uma grande quantidade de tratamentos alternativos, como a remoção cirúrgica dos neurofibromas, ou a remoção das manchas café-com-leite com laser. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura e apresentar um caso de Neurofibromatose com ocorrência em mãe e filha.
Estudo de alterações oculares em crianças com deficiência visual assistidas no Centro de Intervenção Precoce do Instituto de Cegos da Bahia (CIP/ICBA)
Authors: Neri Maria de Fátima Bittencourt , Uzeda Sheila De Quadros , Moreira Lilia Maria De Azevedo
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de contribuir para o conhecimento das principais causas de deficiencia visual em crianças. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com seleção aleatória, de 100 crianças de idade inferior a 6 anos, atendidas no Centro de Intervenção Precoce (CIP), para realização de anamnese e registro de antecedentes genéticos, gestacionais e pós-natais, exames oftalmológicos e avaliação psicosocial. A causa mais freqüente de deficiência visual foi atrofia óptica (37%), associada a complicações gestacionais e pós-natais. Os diagnósticos foram classificados em distúrbios neurológicos (45%), doenças oculares intrínsecas (29%), malformações múltiplas com distúrbio da morfologia e funcionamento do olho (16%) e distúrbios associados a doenças metabólicas (7%). Quanto aos aspectos etiológicos, verificou-se predominância de condições multifatoriais ou associadas a agravos ambientais (66%), seguindo-se causas monogênicas (26%) e cromossômicas (2%), restando ainda 6% de causas de natureza idiopática. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a importância da implantação de medidas em saúde pública para a prevenção de distúrbios da visão. Recomenda-se que centros de referência para intervenção precoce incluam o aconselhamento genético em seus programas de prevenção.
Fratura de agulha - relato de caso
Authors: Amarante André , Cardoso Marcio , Maciel Anderson Da Silva , Dultra Joaquim De Almeida
Published: January 2019

O tratamento odontológico não está isento de riscos. Acidentes e complicações podem estar associados aos vários tipos de procedimentos realizados pelo cirurgião dentista. Dentre as especialidades, a cirurgia bucomaxilofacial é aquela em que o profissional está mais exposto a encontrar complicações. As agulhas anestésicas conduzem a solução anestésica do tubete aos tecidos, levando à interrupção temporária na condução dos impulsos dolorosos. Nas primeiras décadas do século 20, eram utilizadas, para anestesia local, agulhas rígidas e não descartáveis, o que proporcionava uma incidência muito grande de fraturas de agulha durante bloqueios anestésicos. Com a evolução tecnológica, foram desenvolvidas as agulhas descartáveis, fabricadas com aço inoxidável flexível, permitindo, assim, que esse tipo de complicação se tornasse rara. Atualmente, as razões para esse acidente são variadas e podem estar associadas a falhas na fabricação da agulha, a movimentação súbita do paciente durante a punção, ou a erros de técnica profissional, como a inserção de toda a haste da agulha no tecido-alvo, dobra da haste da agulha ou a sua reutilização excessiva, o que provoca a fadiga do metal. Este artigo se propõe a apresentar um relato de caso de fratura de agulha anestésica tratado no serviço de cirurgia e traumatologia bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Santo Antônio das Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce.
Perfil da mortalidade infantil em Petrolina (PE) entre os anos de 1994 a 2005
Authors: Cruz Simone Seixas da , Figueiredo Ana Claudia Morais Godoy , Melo Mônica Cecília Pimentel de , Filho Isaac Suzart Gomes , Passos Johelle De Santana , Oliveira Michelle Teixeira , Oliveira Thais Feitosa L. de , Nunes Daniela De Carvalho , Machado Laiane Bastos , Arcoverde Lívia Lara Soares , Mudo Ariadiana Paula Neris
Published: January 2019

A mortalidade infantil é um problema de saúde pública que vem sofrendo reduções nos últimos anos no Brasil, devido às melhores condições de vida da população e investimentos de promoção à saúde materno-infantil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil da mortalidade infantil em Petrolina (PE), entre os anos de 1994 a 2005. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo e quantitativo, utilizando-se os indicadores de nascidos vivos e mortalidade infantil e descrevendo-se o perfil da mortalidade infantil em Petrolina. Empregou-se o sistema DATASUS para a coleta de dados, e a demonstração dos resultados ocorreu através de gráficos e tabelas. Na análise dos dados, observou-se que, em Petrolina, durante os 12 anos estudados, ocorreu uma média de 25 mortes infantis por mil nascidos vivos. Na tentativa de minimizar a mortalidade infantil, as políticas públicas de saúde necessitam de ações mais efetivas, com enfoque para a educação em saúde materno-infantil, além de investimentos na realização de um pré-natal de melhor qualidade.
Helicobacter pylori: transtornos neurológicos e oftalmológicos
Authors: Farooq Muhammad U , Bhatt Archit
Published: January 2019

A infecção por Helicobacter pylori tem sido associada a muitas infecções intestinais e extra-intestinais. Tem sido relacionada com muitas doenças neurológicas e oftalmológicas, incluindo as doenças cerebrovasculares, enxaqueca, doença de Alzheimer, epilepsia, doença de Parkinson, esclerose múltipla, neuropatias periféricas, glaucoma, e neuropatia ótica isquêmica. Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos podem envolver vários processos imunológicos em resposta a um agente infeccioso ou diferentes antígenos liberados durante a destruição do tecido, resultando em ativação da imunidade celular e humoral; ativação e agregação plaquetária; diferentes substâncias vasoativas e inflamatórias; espécies reativas de oxigênio e processos apoptóticos. Os efeitos a longo prazo do H. pylori no curso desses transtornos ainda precisam ser explorados.
Conhecimento dos pediatras sobre doença celíaca: estudo piloto
Authors: Barbosa Adriza Santos Silva , Conceição Joseni Santos da , Silva Luciana Rodrigues
Published: January 2019

Apesar de ter sido demonstrado que a doença celíaca é uma condição mais frequente do que se imaginava no passado,

ainda ocorre demora entre o início dos sintomas e a realização do diagnóstico. Uma razão para esse fato é representada

pela falha dos profissionais de saúde em reconhecer as várias manifestações clínicas da doença celíaca e em saber quais

os exames apropriados para a conduta diagnóstica. Foi realizado este estudo visando a avaliar o conhecimento de pediatras

sobre a doença celíaca. Dados foram obtidos de questionário autoaplicado, distribuído durante o X Congresso Nacional de

Pediatria, no período de 12 a 14 de junho de 2008, em Salvador. Foram analisados 63 questionários. Os sinais e sintomas

mais apontados que os levariam a suspeitar de doença celíaca foram: diarreia crônica (62), baixo peso (58), distensão

abdominal (57), baixa estatura (49) e dor abdominal (39). Parentes de primeiro grau portadores (48), deficiência de IgA (28)

e diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (27) foram os fatores de riscos mais indicados pelos pediatras. Em relação às manifestações

extra-gastrointestinais, foram assinaladas com mais frequência anemia (46), atraso puberal (40), hipoplasia do esmalte

dentário (30), dermatite atópica (28) e dermatite herpetiforme (18). Dos exames, os mais solicitados foram biópsia intestinal

(44), anticorpo antigliadina (47), anticorpo antiendomísio (42) e anticorpo antitransglutaminase (26). O glúten foi apontado

pela maioria (98%) como o alimento que deveria ser excluído da dieta, e 84% dos participantes responderam que a dieta

deveria ser seguida por toda a vida. Os alimentos mais assinalados, que deveriam ser excluídos da dieta foram trigo (61),

centeio (54), cevada (51) e aveia (44). As complicações associadas à doença celíaca citadas com mais frequência foram:

baixa estatura (59), anemia (51) e osteopenia (24). Os dados apresentados demonstraram que os pediatras souberam

reconhecer a forma clássica da doença celíaca, mas ainda existe a necessidade de se ampliar e atualizar o conhecimento

desses profissionais de saúde em doença celíaca, sobretudo em relação às formas atípicas ou oligossintomáticas.
Avaliação do desempenho sexual após cirurgias corretivas de genitália ambígua
Authors: Mello Rodrigo Paixão , Silva Vanessa Vianna Curvelo da , Toralles Maria Betânia P , Oliveira Luciana M B , Canguçú-Campinho Ana Karina , Silva Célia Nunes
Published: January 2019

A ambiguidade genital atinge em torno de 1/20000 nascidos vivos na América Latina, e as repercussões psicossexuais

desse evento ressaltam a necessidade de aprofundamento nesse tema. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o

desempenho sexual de pacientes intersexuais com ambiguidade genital, submetidos à cirurgia genital corretiva.

Participaram da pesquisa quinze pacientes femininas, portadoras de ambiguidade genital, submetidas à clitoroplastia

redutora, atualmente com idade igual ou superior a dezesseis anos, de um serviço universitário especializado em

intersexualidade. Foi aplicado o GRISS, um questionário de avaliação da função sexual, às quatro pacientes que haviam

iniciado vida sexual, das quinze pacientes contatadas. Foram notificados diversos problemas relativos à sexualidade.

Todas as pacientes tinham pouca frequência do intercurso sexual e evitação sexual, e três delas expressaram falta de

expressão do desejo sexual e insatisfação sexual. Observou-se que a função sexual está alterada em pacientes submetidas

à correção genital cirúrgica, porém não se pode afirmar se isso é consequência exclusiva da correção cirúrgica, ou decorrente

da patologia de base.
Micro-revoluções por minuto
Authors: Colling Leandro , Lucas Lima Carlos Henrique
Published: January 2019

Neste texto, Colling e Lucas Lima apresetam o primeiro número da Revista Periódicus.
Treatment of primary cutaneous CD30‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with Wenyang Shengji decoction and Huanglian ointment: A case report
Authors: Li Kai , Bao Tingting , Wei Ruonan , Yang Yingying , Kang Mengjiao , Zhang Wei , Zeng Xianyu , Duan Yiqun , Chen Liuqing , Zhao Linhua
Published: November 2024

Primary cutaneous CD30 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC‐ALCL) is a rare non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Combined chemotherapy regimens such as CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), MACOP‐B (methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin), or F‐MACHOP (5‐fluorouracil, methotrexate, cytosine‐arabinoside, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) are often used for its clinical treatment. In this study, we reported a new treatment method using a traditional Chinese therapy involving oral Wenyang Shengji decoction (WSD) combined with Huanglian ointment applied externally in a 32‐year‐old female patient with PC‐ALCL. Introduction: A 32‐year‐old woman who complained of an ulcer on the forehead accompanied by significant pain. PC‐ALCL was diagnosed by histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis. Treatment plan: WSD was prepared in 300 mL water and administered orally as a 150 mL decoction twice daily, and Huanglian ointment was applied to the ulcer three times daily. After 8 weeks of treatment with WSD combined with Huanglian ointment, the lesion healed completely. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of scattered CD3+++, CD4++, CD8++, CD20++, and CD30‐positive cells. After 12 weeks of treatment, the ulcer healed completely, leaving only a marked pale red‐pitted scar. The patient was followed up for 3 years without recurrence and no adverse events. Conclusion: oral WSD combined with Huanglian ointment applied to the ulcer for PC‐ALCL can promote the healing of ulcers, reduce or alleviate the formation of scar, and eliminate CD30‐positive cells. This case report provides a reference for the clinical treatment of PC‐ALCL using traditional Chinese medicine.
Textile Hinges Enable Extreme Properties of Kirigami Metamaterials
Authors: Meeussen Anne S. , Bordiga Giovanni , Chang Audrey X. , Spoettling Ben , Becker Kaitlyn P. , Mahadevan L. , Bertoldi Katia
Published: November 2024

Mechanical metamaterials—structures with unusual properties that emerge from their internal architecture—that are designed to undergo large deformations typically exploit large internal rotations, and therefore, necessitate the incorporation of flexible hinges. Kirigami structures, made by introducing ordered cuts in a planar material, are one such example. In the mechanism limit, these structures consist of rigid bodies connected by ideal hinges that deform at zero energy cost. However, fabrication in this limit has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the integration of textile hinges provides a scalable platform for creating large kirigami metamaterials with mechanism‐like behaviors. Further, leveraging recently introduced kinematic optimization tools, we show that textile hinges enable extreme shape‐morphing responses, paving the way for the next generation of mechanism‐based metamaterials.
X‐Ray‐Triggered CA IX Inhibition Nanoplatform Promotes Intratumoral Acidosis‐Induced Cancer Ferroptosis
Authors: You Yuanyuan , Jiang Wenxiao , Xu Renhao , He Junbing , Chen Tianfeng , Liu Qinghua
Published: November 2024

Radiotherapy‐induced ferroptosis is accompanied by an adaptive response to the expression of tumor cell ferroptosis suppressor genes. Herein, a degradable and in situ generated silicomanganese composite system loaded with carbonic anhydrase (CA IX) inhibitor (4‐(2‐aminoethyl) benzenesulfonamide (ABS) is constructed to form a DSiMn‐ABS nanosystem to improve the ferroptosis sensitivity of hypoxic tumor cells and improve the radiotherapy effect. The system can be continuously degraded in the tumor environment and X‐rays, releasing Manganese dioxid （MnO2)and ABS; Thereby inhibiting the activity of CA IX, inducing acidification inside tumor cells, regulating the AMP‐activating protein kinase (AMPK)/Acetyl‐CoA carboxylase(ACC) axis to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to ferroptosis, and depleting glutathione (GSH) through MnO2 influencing glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, which further inhibits the ferroptosis defense system of tumor cells, and ultimately effectively improves the therapeutic efficiency of radiotherapy. Ultimately, the system can effectively inhibit tumor growth. Therefore, this degradable system can utilize double‐sensitized radiotherapy to provide new ideas for tumor radiotherapy.
Room Temperature Pulsed Laser Deposition of Aluminum Zinc Oxide (AZO): Enabling Scalable Indium‐Free Transparent Conductive Oxides
Authors: Reinders Joost W. C. , Bolding Jons , Roldán‐Carmona Cristina , Ventosinos Federico , Paliwal Abhyuday , Gil‐Escrig Lidón , Palazon Francisco , Sessolo Michele , Zanoni Kassio P. S. , Bolink Henk J.
Published: November 2024

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the leading transparent electrode material in displays and in photovoltaics. As both these markets are vast and rapidly expanding, the demand for alternative transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) is becoming increasingly urgent due to the limited availability of indium. Herein, aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) is revisited as a promising indium‐free TCO candidate. An industrial‐scale pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process is developed that produces highly conductive and transparent AZO films at room temperature, without the need for post‐deposition annealing. This PLD‐AZO films have excellent morphological, electrical, and optical properties, with sheet resistances of ≈ 55–25 Ω ϒ−1 for thin TCO thicknesses (around 100 to 200 nm, respectively), and absorptance from 400 to 1000 nm below 10%. We demonstrate the application of this highly conductive PLD‐AZO not only as a bottom contact but also as an effective top contact in perovskite solar cells, highlighting its versatility. The AZO‐based devices achieve performance and stabilities equivalent to that of ITO‐based. This findings demonstrate the robustness and potential of PLD‐deposited AZO layers in enhancing displays and PV production and facilitating the wider adoption of renewable and sustainable TCO alternatives in the expanding photovoltaics and displays markets.
Bio‐Inspired Self‐Renewing Implant Surfaces With Sequential Biofunctional Adaptation for Infectious Diabetic Tissue Repair
Authors: Cui Bin , Wen Min , Cai Zhe , Si Yunhui , Liu Fei , Zheng Yufeng , Zhang Chao , Jia Zhaojun
Published: November 2024

The clinical success of bioinert, tissue‐interfacing metallic implants is greatly jeopardized by complications such as infections, inflammation, and poor regeneration or biointegration, especially concerning diabetics. Implants featuring self‐renewable surfaces that sequentially dictate antibacterial/anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro‐healing/‐regenerative functionalities represent an emerging solution. Herein, fusing triple marine bioinspirations, namely the multilayered interlocked interfaces of mollusk shells, the adhesive/reactive chemistries of mussels, and the self‐renewing, release‐active mucus layers of corals, a self‐adaptive interfacial engineering strategy that imparts self‐renovating surfaces and temporally‐activatable biofunctionalities to various inert biometallic devices is presented. Specifically, sandwich‐like multilayered coatings are in situ constructed, comprising a substrate‐derived micro/nanostructured prelayer, a mussel‐inspired bioadhesive interlayer, and a polyphenol–antibiotic dynamically‐crosslinked therapeutic gel toplayer. The dynamic bonds within the gel allowed pH/reactive oxygen species‐responsive surface degradation, localized release of multifunctional therapeutics, and conditional exposure of cell‐supportive chemical moieties and micro/nanotopographies. Systematic in‐vitro, in‐ovo, and in‐vivo (spanning osseous, subcutaneous, and wound‐closure implantations) studies demonstrated that the functionalized bone implants or wound closure staples possessed adaptive biocompatibility (cyto‐/hemo/‐tissue‐compatibility) and biofunctionalities to combat device‐associated infections and spur diabetic tissue repair. This study underscores the potential of self‐adaptive coating strategies for orchestrating complex (even contradictory) biological functions in addressing challenging medical conditions that require implant intervention.
Band Alignment Semimetal Heterojunction‐Based Ultrabroadband Photodetector for Noncontact Gesture Interaction with Low Latency
Authors: Lian Yunlu , Jia Shengwang , Yu He , Han Jiayue , Jiang Jiamin , Lan Changyong , Liu Xiaodong , Liao Yulong , Dong Xiang , Wang Yang , Gou Jun , Wu Zhiming , Jiang Yadong , Wang Jun
Published: November 2024

Non‐contact gesture recognition and interaction (NGRI) revolutionizes the natural user interface, fundamentally transforming human interactions with daily‐use technology. Conventional NGRI systems frequently encounter obstacles such as pronounced latency and environmental disturbances, including humidity or lighting conditions, resulting in compromised system fluidity and robustness. This study highlights the utilization of silicon‐based semimetal heterojunction photodetectors for precise gesture recognition and seamless human‐machine interaction. Through the application of band alignment theory and sophisticated TCAD simulation, heterojunction barriers are successfully optimized by fine‐tuning parameters including Si doping concentration and semimetal thickness. By strategically aligning vertical material growth and implementing vertical heterojunction configuration, a room temperature detector with exceptional sensitivity (specific detectivity (D*): ≈1011 Jones), ultra‐broad spectral range (405–10600 nm), and rapid response time (≈ µs) is achieved. Harnessing its distinguished speed and sensitivity in detecting human infrared radiation, in conjunction with an advanced spatial‐temporal comparison algorithm and a multi‐channel high‐frequency sampling processing design, a NGRI system with low latency, high precision, minimal energy consumption, and versatility across diverse scenarios has been developed. The results pave the way for non‐contact sensor design and may further enhance the practicality and user experience of non‐contact human‐machine interaction systems.
Visible Light‐Triggered Self‐Welding Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Li Xiongjie , Ding Bin , Huang Junyi , Zhang Zhiguo , Dong Hongliang , Yu Haixuan , Liu Zhirong , Dai Letian , Shen Yan , Ding Yong , Dyson Paul J. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Wang Mingkui
Published: November 2024

Flexible perovskite solar cells (F‐PSCs) are highly promising for both stationary and mobile applications because of their advantageous features, including mechanical flexibility, their lightweight and thin nature, and cost‐effectiveness. However, a number of drawbacks, such as mechanical instability, make their practical application difficult. Here, self‐welding dynamic diselenide that is triggered by visible light into the structure of F‐PSCs to improve their long‐term stability by repairing cracks and defects in the absorber layer is incorporated. The diselenide confers the flexibility and self‐welding properties to the Cs0.05MA0.05FA0.9PbI3 perovskite layer, enabling optimized F‐PSC devices to achieve a power conversion efficiency of 24.85% while retaining ca. 92% of their initial efficiency after undergoing 15 000 bending cycles at a curvature radius of 3 mm. The corresponding flexible large‐scale module with an active area of 15.82 cm2 achieved a record PCE of 21.65%.
Performance‐Oriented and Deformation‐Constrained Dual‐topology Metamaterial with High‐Stress Uniformity and Extraordinary Plastic Property
Authors: Guo Haoyuan , Zhang Jianxun
Published: November 2024

The study of classical mechanical metamaterials has overwhelmingly remained at the elastic stage, while the increase in extreme speeds of vehicles and aircraft has created an urgent need and demanding requirements for excellent plasticity performance. Although some plastically deformable metamaterials exist, high initial peak stresses, short plastic strokes, and low plastic stresses limit their applications considerably. Here, an ideal malleable large‐deformation metamaterial featuring high‐stress levels and stability is reported. A performance‐oriented multidimensional performance expansion strategy is adopted to obtain the bionic triangular corrugation‐based plate lattice (TCPL) metamaterial. Then, the deformation constraint strategy that TCPL is innovatively used as the main topology with lateral expansion and buckling inhibited by the inserted enhancing topology is proposed, thus obtaining the built‐in dual‐topology enhanced TCPL (ETCPL). The ETCPL is again substantially strengthened in stress uniformity with almost no gradient and mechanical properties with strain energy improved by 51.56%. They are much more robust than typical multicellular materials, with the largest performance enhancement reaching 18 667.19%. In addition, the strength‐density performances of both metamaterials significantly exceed the predictions of Gibson–Ashby model up to 75.2% maximum. The unprecedented performance confirms that multidimensional performance expansion strategy and deformation constraint strategy have created new design guidelines for ideal high‐performance plastic metamaterials.
Optimizing Si─O Conjugation to Enhance Interfacial Kinetics for Low‐Temperature Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Liu Jie , Ji Haoqing , Wang Sai , Wang Mengfan , Zhou Xi , Qian Tao , Zheng Yiwei , Yan Chenglin
Published: November 2024

With the growing demand for high‐voltage and wide‐temperature range applications of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the requirements for electrolytes have become increasingly stringent. While fluorination engineering has enhanced the performance of traditional solvent systems, it has also raised concerns regarding cost, environmental hazards, and low reduction stability. Through strategic molecular bond design, a novel class of low‐temperature (LT) solvents—siloxanes—is identified, meeting the demands of LT and high‐voltage applications in LIBs. The d‐p conjugation of the Si─O bond enhances voltage resistance and weakens the Li+‐solvent interactions. By modulating the number of Si─O conjugated bonds, the type of anion clusters in the solvation structure can be controlled, ultimately leading to the formation of a LiF and Si─O‐rich interfacial layer and facilitating rapid Li+ conduction. Consequently, the graphite||NCM811 pouch cell (2.3 Ah, 4.45 V) with a siloxane‐based electrolyte retains 75.1% of room temperature capacity (RTC) at −50 °C. The rapid interface kinetics allow a superior reversible charging capacity retention of 67.6% at −40 °C, with good cycle stability at −20 °C. This study provides new insights into solvent design to fortify LIB performance in harsh conditions.
Hyaluronic Acid‐Nanocoated Bacteria Generate an Anti‐Inflammatory Tissue‐Repair Effect in Impaired Gut and Extraintestinal Organs
Authors: Deng Bo , Lin Sisi , Wang Yu , Zhang Mengmeng , Shen Yuqi , Zhou Peihui , Shen Aiwen , Wang Lu , Ding Feng , Liu Jinyao
Published: November 2024

Diverse extraintestinal diseases are characterized by localized inflammatory responses and tissue damage, accompanied with intestinal inflammation and injury. Here, a dual‐functionality and dual‐location intervention strategy is reported, which is the use of hyaluronic acid‐nanocoated Clostridium butyricum to generate an anti‐inflammatory tissue‐repair effect in the impaired gut and extraintestinal organs. Nanocoated bacteria attenuate intestinal mucosal inflammation and recover gut barrier integrity by leveraging the immunosuppressive nature of hyaluronic acid and the butyrate‐producing ability of Clostridium butyricum. Nanocoated bacteria also alleviate the interstitial inflammation and pathological damage of extraintestinal organs via remodeling microbial metabolites and decreasing microbial translocation. In murine models of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, oral delivery of nanocoated bacteria demonstrates the potency to restore renal function and eliminate renal fibrosis. This work proposes a type of next‐generation living therapeutics for treating extraintestinal diseases.
Ultra‐Fast, Unidirectional Water Absorption on Wood Ear
Authors: Wang Yisha , Zhao Liurui , Luo Yu‐Qiong , Liu Lan , Li Yonghua , Yao Xi , Ju Jie , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2024

Materials exhibiting rapid, unidirectional liquid absorption are desirable for comfort textiles and wound dressings. Implementing chemical or structural gradient along the vertical axis of substrates is an effective way to achieve such properties. Liquid's lateral spreading across the substrate affects area occurring vertical imbibition. However, the influence of lateral spreading on liquid's overall absorption remains unexplored. Findings on ultra‐fast, unidirectional water absorption on the abhymenium of wood ear fungi are presented, featuring dense micro‐sized hairs atop a porous sublayer containing smaller micro‐/nano‐pores. These hairs facilitate lateral spreading, and the gradient‐sized structures from the surface hairs to the internal pores enhance capillary force, promoting efficient vertical imbibition. The synergistic wicking mechanism in both directions shortens absorption time of a 1‐µL droplet by two orders of magnitude compared to a solely porous surface (35 ms vs 5.2 s). An artificial micro‐pillar array on a porous substrate also exhibits ultra‐fast, unidirectional water absorption. This study advances the understanding of liquid dynamics in porous media and provides a blueprint for engineering materials with superior liquid management.
Adaptable Hydrogel with Strong Adhesion of Wet Tissue for Long‐Term Protection of Periodontitis Wound
Authors: Chen Honggui , Zhao Zifan , Zhang Rui , Zhang Guo , Liang Xiaoyang , Xu Chen , Sun Yuchun , Li Yang , Boyer Cyrille , Xu Fu‐Jian
Published: November 2024

Periodontitis is a severe gum infection characterized by inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth. The disease is challenging to manage due to its exposure to a wet and dynamic oral environment, where conventional hydrogels often suffer from weak adhesion, short residence time, and vulnerability to bacterial invasion. In this study, an innovative hydrogel system based on in situ light curing is proposed. The hydrogel precursor, comprising sodium alginate and a calcium ion network, is designed and adhere to the irregular and smooth surfaces of periodontal tissue before curing. Upon light irradiation, a second network polymerizes rapidly, establishing multiple interactions with the tissue, which enhances adhesion strength. Benefited from this engineering strategy, the hydrogel exhibits a low swelling rate, effectively mitigating adhesion loss in the moist oral environment. Additionally, the hydrogel demonstrates excellent long‐lasting wet adhesion, maintaining its presence in periodontal tissue over 120 hours. It also serves as an effective physical barrier against bacterial invasion, achieving a blocking efficiency of 99.9%. This novel design concept offers a promising approach for developing advanced medical dressings for periodontitis, providing sustained therapeutic benefits.
Tunable Multicolor Luminescence, Full‐Spectrum White‐Light Emission and Optical Temperature Sensing Based on Bi3+, Tb3+ and Eu3+ Doped Y4Al2O9 Nanofibers
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Shao Hong , Li Ning , Teng Xue , Li Dan , Dong Xiangting , Zhang Hongbo
Published: November 2024

The realization of tunable multicolor luminescence especially full‐spectrum white‐light emission in a single matrix has aroused more attention from researchers. To address the above challenge, Bi3+, and Tb3+ are selected as both activators and sensitizers with the help of energy level matching engineering of Bi3+ and Tb3+ having matching energy levels with Eu3+, a series of 1D Y4Al2O9:Bi3+, Bi3+/Eu3+, Tb3+, Tb3+/Eu3+ and Bi3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ nanofibers (NFs) are designed and synthesized by a simple electrospinning technique combined with an oxidative calcination. Under 298‐nm UV light excitation, Y4Al2O9:Bi3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ NFs demonstrate tunable multicolor luminescence (blue, purple, red, green, yellow, and white) especially full‐spectrum white‐light emission via double energy transfer (ET) effect and modulation of molar ratio among Bi3+, Tb3+ and Eu3+. Additionally, Y4Al2O9:3%Bi3+/7%Tb3+/1%Eu3+ NFs are sensitive to temperature, and the maximum Sα and Sγ values of Y4Al2O9:3%Bi3+/7%Tb3+/1%Eu3+ NFs reach 0.0417 K−1 and 0.84% K−1, respectively. In virtue of electrospinning, triple activators (Bi3+, Tb3+, and Eu3+) are readily and uniformly doped in Y4Al2O9 NFs single matrix to achieve dual function of tunable multicolor luminescence and temperature sensing. The formation principle and luminescence theory of the samples are clarified. The findings in this work are instructive to develop multicolor luminescent phosphors and temperature‐sensing materials.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Tandem Cycloisomerization/Diels‐Alder Reaction of 1,7‐Enynes
Authors: Logeswaran Ravichandran , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: November 2024

A ruthenium‐catalyzed methodology for regioselective cycloisomerization and tandem Diels‐Alder reactions of 1,7‐enynes has been described, enabling the synthesis of diverse polycyclic heterocycles with four stereocenters. This stereoselective protocol demonstrates compatibility with various substituted enynes and alkenes, yielding products in 46–90% yield while tolerating a wide range of functional groups, including esters, ketones, and halides. Notably, the reaction with naphthoquinones retains the moiety in the final product, which acts as essential core structures in various natural products and bioactive compounds.
Cellulose‐Based Switchable Circularly Polarized Light Emitter: Photo‐Actuated Chiral Assemblies With Azobenzene Polymers
Authors: Sun Wenye , Tian Bing , An Bang , Teng Rui , Xu Mingcong , Ma Chunhui , Chen Zhijun , Yu Haipeng , Li Jian , Li Wei , Huan Siqi , Liu Shouxin , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: November 2024

Circularly polarized luminescent materials find extensive applications in 3D displays, information encryption, and photoinduced supramolecular chirality. However, controlling the handedness of circularly polarized luminescence remains a significant challenge in advancing optical technologies. In this study, we present a Janus circularly polarized light emitter comprising a fluorescent film combined with chiral nematic cellulose with switchable chirality. The emitter achieves maximum luminescence dissymmetry factors (0.28 and −0.65) through mode switching. In addition, we show the emitter's versatility in inducing chiral helices in azobenzene polymers with varying polar groups, resulting in significant chiral signals. Importantly, the chirality of these polymers can be switched by altering the luminescence mode of the emitter. These results are expected to facilitate the efficient design of chiral luminescent materials and photoinduction devices.
Investigation of Electrolyte Decomposition Byproducts in Gas and Liquid Phases Due to Water Impurities in Large‐Scale Acetonitrile‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Phojaroen Jiraporn , Wuamprakhon Phatsawit , Sangsanit Thitiphum , Santiyuk Kanruthai , Homlamai Kan , Anansuksawat Nichakarn , Tejangkura Worapol , Songthan Ronnachai , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of water impurities on electrolyte decomposition in large‐scale cylindrical supercapacitors, with a focus on acetonitrile‐based electrolytes. The research identified ethylene, ethane, and nitrogen as primary gaseous byproducts and acetamide, N‐ethyl acetamide, and trimethylsilyl acetamide as major liquid‐phase decomposition products. Advanced analytical techniques, including in‐situ gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance, revealed that water impurities significantly accelerate electrolyte degradation. The findings demonstrate that water‐induced decomposition mechanisms involve intricate pathways, including Hofmann elimination and hydrolysis reactions. Additionally, the presence of water catalyzes the formation of new byproducts, impacting both the electrolyte and electrode stability. This comprehensive analysis provides critical insights into the degradation processes of supercapacitors, emphasizing the need for stringent control of water content to enhance device longevity and performance. The study's outcomes suggest potential strategies for optimizing electrolyte compositions and electrode materials to mitigate degradation and improve supercapacitor efficiency.
Insights into an indolicidin‐derived low‐toxic anti‐microbial peptide's efficacy against bacterial cells while preserving eukaryotic cell viability
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Lee Jieun , Kang Eunho , Lee Kyoungmin , Lee Kyungeun , Cheon Yeongmi , Lee Seongsoo , Kim Bokyung , Ko Young Ho , Kim Jin Hae , In Su Il , Nam Chang Hoon
Published: November 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a current solution to combat antibiotic resistance, but they have limitations, including their expensive production process and the induction of cytotoxic effects. We have developed novel AMP candidate (peptide 3.1) based on indolicidin, among the shortest naturally occurring AMP. The antimicrobial activity of this peptide is demonstrated by the minimum inhibitory concentration, while the hemolysis tests and MTT assay indicate its low cytotoxicity. In optical diffraction tomography, red blood cells treated with peptide 3.1 showed no discernible effects, in contrast to indolicidin. However, peptide 3.1 did induce cell lysis in E. coli, leading to a reduced potential for the development of antibiotic resistance. To investigate the mechanism underlying membrane selectivity, the structure of peptide 3.1 was analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Peptide 3.1 is structured with an increased distinction between hydrophobic and charged residues and remained in close proximity to the eukaryotic membrane. On the other hand, peptide 3.1 exhibited a disordered conformation when approaching the prokaryotic membrane, similar to indolicidin, leading to its penetration into the membrane. Consequently, it appears that the amphipathicity and structural rigidity of peptide 3.1 contribute to its membrane selectivity. In conclusion, this study may lead to the development of Peptide 3.1, a promising commercial candidate based on its low cost to produce and low cytotoxicity. We have also shed light on the mechanism of action of AMP, which exhibits selective toxicity to bacteria while not damaging eukaryotic cells.
Broadband plasmonic response of silver nanomaze‐based nanogap‐enhanced absorber
Authors: Jung Kinam , Lee Yongtaek
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a novel nanogap‐enhanced plasmonic absorber (NEPA) structure generated using the Gray–Scott algorithm. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations analyzed NEPA's optical properties, varying top pattern thickness from 10 to 300 nm. The simulation results demonstrate exceptional broadband absorption, with rates exceeding 60% across the 90–300 nm thickness range and reaching a peak of 96.73% at 160 nm. The nanogap‐mediated plasmonic nanomaze array exhibits multiple resonance features and complex electric field distributions due to various plasmonic modes. The nearly uniform spacing of the nanomaze pattern maintains consistent plasmonic properties. This innovative approach shows great potential for enhancing plasmonic devices, with applications in solar cells, photodetectors, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, metamaterials, imaging, energy harvesting, and nanoantennas. Our research advances nanophotonics, offering new possibilities for high‐efficiency optical and optoelectronic devices across various applications.
Microbiome‐Based Colon Cancer Patient Stratification and Survival Analysis
Authors: Smyth Joshua , Godet Julien , Choudhary Anisa , Das Anubrata , Gkoutos Georgios V. , Acharjee Animesh
Published: November 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is any cancer that starts in the colon or the rectum and presents a significant health concern. It is the third most diagnosed and the second deadliest cancer, with an estimated 153,020 new cases and 52,550 deaths in 2023. The severity of colon cancer may be attributed to its ability to avoid the host immune system and growth suppressors, its asymptomatic nature in the early stages, its association with a continually ageing population and unfavourable diet and obesity. The composition of the gut microbiome plays an important role in the development of CRC and presents as an important target in early detection and in predicting treatment outcomes in CRC. This study aims to identify microbiome‐specific derived clusters in CRC patients and conduct subsequent survival analysis using the specific microbiome features within clusters.

Methods

Consensus clustering and feature selection, involving a Kruskal–Wallis test, a random forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were applied resulting in the identification of differently expressed microbiomes between clusters. Lastly, survival analysis was performed on the selected features using Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox regression. K‐means clustering, as selected using consensus clustering interpretation, presented three distinct clusters with clear differences in alpha and beta diversity and baseline clinical variables.

Results

A total 1311 of the 1406 microbes were selected using the Kruskal Wallis and passed to the random forest and LASSO, which narrowed the dataset to 140 features. Following the survival analysis, eight microbiome species, namely N4likevirus, Ambidensovirus, Synechococcus, Thermithiobacillus, Hydrocarboniphaga, Rhodovibrio, Gloeobacter and Candidatus Nitrosotenuis, were selected as significant in clustering and survival.

Conclusion

This study reveals the heterogeneity of the CRC microbiome and its effect on disease prognosis and necessitates further exploration of the biological mechanisms of these selected microbiomes as well further investigation of whether the approach depicted here is applicable to other cancer types.
Did court dismiss medical resident's Title VII retaliation claim against university?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2024

A Black man began his second year of residency at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. He was one of two Black residents. The resident claimed that he experienced discrimination largely involving an attending physician at the medical facility. He claimed that the physician regularly subjected him to excessive scrutiny and ongoing criticism. The resident further contended that no clear, objective standards were used to evaluate his work.