bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on enterprise network public opinion guiding decision-making under crisis anticipation
Authors: Wang Jiakun , Guo Xiaotong , Chen Huiying
Published: January 2025

In the context of the rapid popularization of social media platforms and the frequent occurrence of crisis events, determining the optimal network public opinion information (referred as public opinion) guidance strategy is of great significance for assisting enterprises actively manage crises and promoting their sustainable development. Considering the randomness of crisis outbreaks and the complexity of the derivative public opinion propagation process, this paper innovatively proposes a differential game propagation model of public opinion under the anticipation of crisis. Subsequently, it focuses on the strategy choices of various subjects in different decision-making scenarios before and after the crisis, identifies the key parameters influencing the evolution of public opinion, and determines the optimal decision-making mode for enterprises. The results indicate that enterprises can achieve optimal public opinion guidance by choosing a centralized decision-making mode after the crisis and a decentralized decision-making mode before the crisis. Compared with the probability of crisis occurrence, enterprises’ strategy choices are more sensitive to changes in the benefit distribution coefficient between the media and netizens. The incentives provided by enterprises to media are significantly superior to those provided to netizens in promoting the propagation of public opinion.
Advancing Arecanut Quality Grading: A Comparative Analysis of YOLO Models with Hyperparameter Optimization
Authors: D Dhanush Ghate , H Saishma , M Adithya , Ghate Sudeep D
Published: January 2025

Arecanut grading is essential for maintaining quality, fair pricing, and efficient trade. Manual grading methods, dependent on subjective human assessment, are prone to errors, inconsistencies, and inefficiencies, particularly in large-scale operations.Automating this process is vital for improving accuracy and scalability. The You Only Look Once (YOLO) deep learning method autonomously evaluates arecanuts by training on 2,000 high-resolution photos uniformly categorized into four quality ratings. We split the dataset into 80% for training, 20% for validation, and used a separate curated test set to evaluate generalization. Then evaluated YOLOv8 and YOLOv11 models in nano, small, and medium configurations. The optimization process involved tuning batch size, learning rate, and weight decay through grid search and applying data augmentation techniques.The YOLOv8 nano model achieved the highest accuracy of 98.25%, with a precision of 0.98, a recall of 0.98, and a processing time of 220.19 ms per image. In contrast, YOLOv11 models exhibited lower accuracy due to overlapping feature misclassifications. While the results highlight the potential of YOLO models in automating agricultural grading, the study is constrained by dataset size and single-perspective imaging, limiting its generalizability. Future work will focus on expanding datasets, incorporating advanced imaging technologies, and improving model transparency for practical deployment. These results demonstrate the potential of YOLO models in automating agricultural grading, offering a scalable, efficient, and sustainable solution for arecanut classification in real-world applications.
The Impact of Housing Insecurity on Hospitalized Patients with Diagnosis of Cirrhosis: A Comparative Analysis Using Data from the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2021)
Authors: Akambase Joseph A , Ali Yasmin , Goble Spencer R
Published: January 2025

Purpose
Patients experiencing homelessness are disproportionately affected by cirrhosis due to socioeconomic barriers, housing insecurity, and healthcare access challenges. However, the impact of homelessness on clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization among hospitalized cirrhosis patients has not been well-characterized.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using the National Inpatient Sample (2016–2021) to analyze hospitalizations of adults with cirrhosis, comparing outcomes between those with and without homelessness. Demographic, clinical, and hospital-level characteristics were assessed, along with outcomes such as mortality and AMA discharges. Healthcare utilization metrics, including length of stay (LOS) and cost, were also evaluated, with multivariable regression used to adjust for confounders
Results
Among 4,579,858 hospitalizations for cirrhosis, 109,640 (2.4%) involved homeless patients, who were younger (mean 53.5 vs. 60.6 years, p < 0.001) and predominantly male (80.4% vs. 58.9%, p < 0.001). Homeless patients had higher rates of alcohol use (73.5% vs. 30.9%, p < 0.001), opioid use disorder (11.8% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001), and psychiatric comorbidities (62% vs. 37.4%, p < 0.001). Hispanic and Native American patients were overrepresented, while white patients were underrepresented. Mortality was lower in homeless patients ([aOR] 0.46, 95% CI: 0.42–0.50, p < 0.001). However, AMA discharges were significantly higher (9.6% vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001). Homeless patients had longer hospital stays (mean 7.3 vs. 6.2 days, p < 0.001) but lower per-day hospitalization costs ($2,278 vs. $2,859, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Homelessness is associated with distinct clinical and healthcare utilization patterns among hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Despite lower mortality and procedural intervention rates, high AMA discharge rates and prolonged hospital stays underscore the challenges to safe discharge among patient with cirrhosis.
Isu Modernitas dan Ketidaksetaraan Gender pada Novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck dan Para Priyayi serta Relevansinya dalam Pembelajaran Apresiasi Prosa
Authors: Rosidah Siti Zulfah , Widanarti Widanarti , Syarifatul Ainiyyah Zuvika Amoret , Nurholis Nurholis
Published: January 2025

This research aims to identify the issues of modernity and gender equality raised in Indonesian muslim literature, specifically in the novels Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck by Hamka and Para Priyayi by Umar Khayam. This research applies a descriptive qualitative methodology. The issue of gender inequality is particularly highlighted in the novel Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck, as exemplified by the character of Hayati. Discrimination against women is depicted in the novel Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck. Umar Khayam's Para Priyayi explores the contemporary manifestation of traditionalism in Indonesian religious practice, particularly within the context of Javanese Muslim society. The synthesis of Javanese tradition and modernity in Para Priyayi represents a contemporary phenomenon.
Konflik Sosial dalam Puisi Mata Luka Sengkon Karta Karya Peri Sandi Huizche dan Relevansinya bagi Pembelajaran Prosa
Authors: Puspita Rossy Widya , Solichin M. Badrus
Published: January 2025

This study aims to describe social conflicts in the poem "Mata Luka Sengkon Karta" by Peri Sandi Huizche. The poem narrates the events surrounding the G30S-PKI incident and the aftermath of the ensuing bloodshed, which led to oppression and injustice experienced by the lower-class society, specifically the lives of Bojongsari farmers. These farmers, Sengkon and Karta, were falsely accused of murder and robbery despite being innocent.The research method employed in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach, where the data presented consists of words rather than numbers. The findings of this study reveal the social conflicts depicted in the poem "Mata Luka Sengkon Karta" by Peri Sandi Huizche, which include poverty, political leadership transitions, murder, oppression, and injustice. Additionally, the results of this analysis can serve as teaching material for prose lessons in schools.
The Death of the Youngest Lamafa: Love and the Struggle for Survival of Whale Hunters in Lamalera
Authors: Taum Yoseph Yapi , Sunarti Sastri , Rahmawati  , Syahrul Ninawati , Atisah  , Nur Mahmudah , Kembaren Erwin Syahputra
Published: January 2025

This research aims to understand the sea as a cultural space within the context of the Lamalera fishing community on Lembata Island, Indonesia. The Lamalera community is a fishing community with the privilege of catching whales, dolphins, and manta rays – species that are protected. The human relationship with the marine environment is a complex model, encompassing various aspects such as culture, economy, social, political, and spiritual dimensions. This study reveals cultural practices that have developed around the sea, including myths, customs, fishing traditions, maritime trade, and the utilization of marine resources. Furthermore, this research also identifies the role of the sea in shaping the cultural identity of the Lamalera community, including livelihoods, beliefs, and unique cultural practices. Through an interdisciplinary approach involving history, anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies, this research complements previous studies on the sea as a cultural space. The results of this research show that the Lamalera community has a close and unique relationship with the sea through whale hunting practices and other fishing activities. Their highly intensive interaction with the sea as their sole source of livelihood forms the identity of the Lamalera community as a traditional whale hunting fishing community (aboriginal subsistence whaling).
Civil servants’ readiness for AI adoption: The role of change management in Morocco’s public sector
Authors: Barodi Mohamed , Lalaoui Siham
Published: January 2025

The rapid digital transformation of public systems has improved interactions between governments and citizens. In Morocco, while efforts to digitalize public administration continue, the integration of artificial intelligence presents new challenges due to structural and technical limitations. This study explores the openness of Moroccan civil servants to adopting artificial intelligence solutions and examines the role of change management in facilitating this process. A quantitative approach was employed, with 129 civil servants from key ministries – Education, Finance, and Health – completing an online questionnaire. These ministries were selected due to their critical importance in the public system and their frequent interactions with citizens. Furthermore, they played a central role in the National Administrative Reform Plan (2018–2022), which emphasized digital transformation as a key pillar in advancing e-government. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing AI adoption. The findings reveal that while younger civil servants are more open to AI, over 40% of respondents pointed to insufficient digital skills as a major barrier to artificial intelligence integration. The study underscores the importance of effective change management strategies, highlighting that strong leadership and clear communication are essential in promoting artificial intelligence receptiveness and ensuring seamless integration within Morocco’s public sector.
Incels, a Desesperança e a Misoginia
Authors: Ruffo Emanoella dos Santos , Costa Paulo José da
Published: January 2025

Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma tentativa de compreensão psicanalítica sobre os incels, indivíduos que se reconhecem como celibatários involuntários, a partir dos seus relatos na internet. Organizam-se em comunidades on-line específicas, onde compartilham o incômodo com a falta de relações românticas e sexuais e a posição desfavorecida que ocupam socialmente por não se adequarem ao padrão de masculinidade hegemônico. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo em fóruns online incels, de postagens onde os participantes falavam de suas histórias de vida e de suas experiências, sendo selecionados 45 tópicos, dos quais emergiram seis categorias temáticas, compreendidas à luz da teoria kleiniana. Tais categorias centralizaram-se na percepção de um mundo hostil, solidão, desejos de vingança, desesperança, noções rígidas sobre sexo e gênero, bem como um senso de privilégio ferido (no caso, o privilégio de ser alvo do desejo feminino). Nos discursos analisados evidenciou-se a presença de culpa e inveja, do uso exacerbado de defesas psíquicas regressivas para lidar com as angústias, de dificuldades nas relações objetais, que nesses casos culmina com intensas manifestações de insegurança, autodepreciação, impulsos hostis, desesperança e misoginia.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Diclofenac Conjugates with Glucosamine and Chitosan Exhibiting COX-2 Selective Ulcer Safe Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Afzal Sana , Iqbal Mohammad Saeed , Khan Abdul Haleem
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with severe gastrointestinal irritation upon prolonged use, largely due to their carboxylic (--
COOH) functional group.

Aim:

To address this issue, we aimed to synthesize diclofenac conjugates with glucosamine and chitosan, converting the -COOH group into an amide (-CONH-) via a
mechanochemical, environmentally friendly method.

Method:

In this study, diclofenac acid was first converted to its acid chloride using
thionyl chloride under mechanochemical conditions and subsequently reacted with glucosamine base and chitosan. The resulting conjugates were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity through the rat-paw edema test, along with ulcerogenicity, COX inhibition
assays, and cardiovascular assessment.

Result:

The mechanochemical approach provided high yields (>90%) and resulted in
conjugates that significantly reduced paw edema (62.3 ± 2.3% for diclofenac-glucosamine and 58.5 ± 1.6% for diclofenac-chitosan) compared to diclofenac sodium
(49.0 ± 1.3%) after 5 h. Notably, the conjugates were ulcer-safe, as no gastric lesions
were observed, unlike the multiple lesions detected in animals treated with diclofenac
sodium. Both conjugates also demonstrated a high degree of COX-2 selectivity and cardiovascular safety.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the potential of mechanochemical synthesis for efficient amide formation, avoiding the need for hydroxyl group protection.
Green Pseudo-Seven Component Synthesis of Tris-cyclohexylamino-oxo-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylates via Passerini Reaction under Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Azimi-Roshan Abbas , Kiyani Hamzeh , Mamaghani Manouchehr
Published: January 2025

In this study, a simple, mild, and environmentally friendly process was used for the pseudo-seven
component reaction between readily available benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, isocyano-cyclohexane, and
various aldehydes. This rapid method produced the tris-cyclohexylamino-oxo-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylates in
relatively acceptable and more reasonable reaction times (10-15 min) and high achievable efficiencies (85-
95%) by employing a Passerini reaction. Water was used as an eco-friendly and low-cost solvent for the green
synthesis of benzene tris-carboxamides. The reactions were carried out via a Passerini approach at 50ºC for
relatively shorter reaction times. The antibacterial action of the synthetic tris-carboxamides was investigated,
and some of them gave satisfactory and promising antibacterial results. Target tris-Passerini molecules recrystallized
from 96% EtOH. The structures of the resulting molecules were evaluated and confirmed with the help
of spectral data and elemental analyses.
Ferroptosis-related Biotargets and Network Mechanisms of Maslinic Acid
Against Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury: An Integrated
Bioinformatic and Experimental Approach
Authors: Li Qi , He Guiyuan , Zheng Rujie , Liu Chunlei , Wang Che , Liu Zhihao , Li Zhuqing , Lu Chengzhi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Maslinic acid (MA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound derived from
leaves and fruits of Olea europaea, bears multi-pharmacological properties. Our previous studies
found that MA exerted a cardioprotective effect by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation,
and apoptosis during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Nevertheless, data regarding the anti-ferroptosis effects of MA on MI/RI remains unidentified

Aim of the Study:

This study aimed to explore the effects of MA on ferroptosis induced by
MI/RI, with a focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms through an integrated approach of
network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Materials and Methods:

Several public databases and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were used to identify the core targets shared by MI/RI, ferroptosis, and MA. The molecular
function, cell component, biological process, and potential signaling pathways of core genes
were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) enrichment. Subsequently, molecular docking and in vitro experiments were carried out
to further validate network pharmacology results.

Results:

A total of 21 unique intersection genes were obtained as potential targets of MA in
treating MI/RI-induced ferroptosis. The 10 hub genes with the highest interaction scores were
identified from PPI analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment showed the contribution of the core
genes to pharmacological actions and mechanisms in MA treatment of MI/RI, especially the ferroptosis-related signaling pathways. Additionally, MA docked well with ranked core targets, including MAPK, MTOR, STAT3, PTGS2, and MDM2. Subsequently, in vitro experiments revealed that MA notably alleviated oxidative damage, reduced ferrous iron overload and ferroptosis, and regulated the expression of ferroptosis-related genes (GPX4, PTGS2, and ACSL4) in
erastin-induced H9c2 cells. Meanwhile, MA could significantly reduce phosphorylation of
MAPK (ERK1/2) levels in H9c2 cells.

Conclusion:

By utilizing network pharmacology and experimental data, our study revealed the
correlation between MA and ferroptosis following MI/RI, and concluded that MA might protect
against MI/RI by reducing ferroptosis through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. This finding offered fresh insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of MA against MI/RI.
Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of a Natural Flavonoid Icariside II in Human Complication
Authors: Singh Dhirendra , Singh Randhir
Published: January 2025

Emerging challenges to human health necessitate a coordinated effort to find both preventative
and therapeutic techniques, with natural products at the forefront of attempts to gain novel
medicines and minimize disease transmission and related death. The medicinal potential of
chemicals contained in plants has been known for centuries, leading to its use in homes and clinics
for the treatment of numerous disorders. Despite global advancements, plant-based medicines continue
to be utilized to treat various pathological illnesses or as alternatives to contemporary pharmaceuticals.
The safety and low toxicity of natural products have led to their increasing acceptability
for the prevention or treatment of many ailments. Flavonoids are biologically active compounds
that are classified as polyphenols, which are a type of secondary metabolite found in all plants.
Icariside II (ICA-II) is one of the secondary metabolites that belong to the flavonoid category of
phytochemicals and is present in Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. In recent years, ICA-II has
been discovered to show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, renal protecting, and cardiac
protective effects, as well as several other biological characteristics. This review is focused on the
exploration of the pharmacological activities of ICA-II. ICA-II is considered a prospective candidate
for future clinical investigations due to a number of therapeutic properties.
Illuminating the Role of Wound Healing-Related Hub Genes in Colorectal
Adenocarcinoma: Molecular Mechanisms, Prognostic Implications, and
Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Yan Yichao , Liang Hailiang , Li Yongbai , Chen Dongbo , Li Bo , Murshed Abduh
Published: January 2025

Background:

Colorectal adenocarcinoma [COAD] is a prevalent and lethal form of
cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying COAD progression is crucial for
developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies

Methods:

This study aims to explore wound healing-related genes in COAD and their potential roles in tumorigenesis and prognosis using in silico and in vitro methodology

Results:

A set of 70 genes associated with the "wound healing" term ere extracted from the
Gene Ontology [GO] database [GO:0042060] and a protein-protein interaction [PPI] network
was constructed using the STRING database. The PPI network was analyzed with the CytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape, identifying four major hub genes: MMP2, FN1, NF1, and PTK7.
We then analyzed the expression of these hub genes across 16 COAD cell lines and nine normal colon cell lines using RT-qPCR, finding significant overexpression in COAD cell lines.
ROC curve analysis confirmed the diagnostic potential of these genes, with MMP2, FN1, and
NF1 showing high AUC values. Expression validation using the TCGA COAD cohort, OncoDB, and HPA databases corroborated these findings, highlighting the overexpression and
high protein levels of these genes in COAD. Promoter methylation analysis indicated lower
methylation levels in COAD samples, suggesting dysregulation through epigenetic mechanisms. Genetic alteration analysis via cBioPortal revealed a spectrum of mutations, with FN1
being the most frequently mutated. Prognostic analysis using a KM plotter showed that high
expression of the hub genes is associated with poorer overall survival [OS] and disease-free
survival [DFS]. Functional state correlations via CancerSEA suggested that these genes promote cell cycle, proliferation, metastasis, and stemness in COAD. Expression analysis in immune cells and drug sensitivity analyses highlighted the roles of MMP2, FN1, and NF1 in
macrophages and drug resistance. A miRNA-mRNA network constructed using miRNet identified hsa-miR-200a-3p as a central regulator. Finally, functional assays in HCT116 cells
demonstrated that knockdown of MMP2 and FN1 reduced proliferation, colony formation,
and wound healing, suggesting these genes as potential therapeutic targets in COAD.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our study identifies MMP2, FN1, NF1, and PTK7 as key wound
healing-related hub genes in COAD.
Design and Synthesis of 1-(4-Bromo-2-(Pyrrolidine-1-Yl) Benzyl) Piperidine-Based Derivatives as Anti-Tubulin Agents
Authors: Guguloth Rambabu , Gubbiyappa Shiva Kumar
Published: January 2025

Background:

Piperidines are among the essential synthetic fragments for designing
drugs and play a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. The synthesis of newer derivatives
by incorporating different amines paves the way for the introduction of novel drug combinations
for current cancer treatments.

Method:

The new combinations of 1-(4-bromo-2-(pyrrolidine-1-yl) benzyl) piperidine derivatives
were synthesized by adding various amino groups. All the synthesized derivatives were characterized
using NMR and LC-MS. The anti-cancer activity of all the synthesized derivatives was studied
on three different cell lines, A549 (lung cancer), HCT-116 (colon cancer), and MCF-7(breast
cancer), using an MTT assay. The most potent compounds, 7h and 7k were further evaluated for
cell cycle and tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity. Further, in-silico analysis for the same
properties was performed using molecular docking using MM/GBSA and validated by RMSD.

Results:

All the synthesized derivatives showed selective cytotoxic potential against different cancer
cell lines. Most of the derivatives displayed comparable anticancer potential in comparison to
5-FU. The most potent derivative, 7h, further arrests the cancer cells in the G2/M phase and prevents
tubulin polymerization. The same was further confirmed using molecular docking on the
colchicine binding site.

Conclusion:

The derivative that arrests the cancer cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and
induces depolymerization can be developed as a good lead for further development.
Eco-friendly and Practical Synthesis of 3-Aminopyrazoles in Water
Authors: Li Liangliang , Zhang Xuejia , Li Xiangping , Zhang He , Yu Haifeng , Zhao Xiaobo
Published: January 2025

We present a protocol for the synthesis of 3-aminopyrazoles through an eco-friendly
cyclocondensation reaction of α-oxo ketene-N, S-acetals with hydrazine hydrates. The reaction runs
by using H2O as a solvent to give access to a library of 3-aminopyrazole derivatives (25 examples)
under mild and operationally simple conditions. In this study, the green synthesis method showed
various fascinating advantages, such as good scale-up performance, good Eco-scale value (89 points),
and reusable aqueous medium. 3-aminopyrazoles were further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic
analysis, and a reasonable reaction mechanism was proposed.
Marine Xanthones as Promising Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors in the
Management of Erectile Dysfunction: An In silico Approach
Authors: Tien Lam Do , Thi Thuy Phan , Xuan Ha Nguyen , Le Thi My Chau
Published: January 2025

Objectives:

Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) is an enzyme that promotes the degradation of
cGMP in the blood, leading to a restriction in regulating blood flow in the penis, thereby reducing
cGMP causing difficulties for men in achieving hardness (erectile dysfunction). Natural products
with fewer side effects are being developed in many different treatment strategies and are necessary
today. The current study aims to evaluate this enzyme's in silico inhibitory potential and marine xanthones
through computational models.

Methods:

The database of marine xanthones was collected from previously published literature. Protein
structures were downloaded from the RCSB protein data bank (PDB ID: 1UDT). Molecular
docking studies were performed using the AutoDock Vina v1.2.3 program to conduct screening.
Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out with the GROMACS program to assess structural
stability, and gmx_MMPBSA was used to make free-binding energy calculations for each PDE5
protein complex with potential compounds. Furthermore, Density Functional Theory (DFT) was
applied in this study to calculate the atomic properties of the molecules based on quantum mechanics
using the Gaussian 09 program.

Results:

Molecular docking revealed that 21 compounds (staprexanthone A (69), emerixanthone E
(89), emerixanthone A (90), emerixanthone C (91), varixanthone (92), aspergixanthone H (95), austocystin
L (98), austocystin M (99), emerixanthone D (109), 15-acetyl tajixanthone hydrate (117),
tajixanthone hydrate (118), 16-chlorotajixanthone (119), citreamicin ε A (131), citreamicin ε B
(132), engyodontochone A (146), citreamicin θ B (151), citreaglycon A (152), dehydrocitreaglycon
A (153), neocitreamicin I (159), citreamicin α (161), ukixanthomycin A (165)) had superior binding
affinities (ΔG < -11 kcal/mol) compared to the control inhibitor. Molecular dynamics confirmed the
stability of the protein-ligand complexes. MM/GBSA analysis showed nine compounds (91, 98, 109,
118, 119, 151, 159, 161, 131) had binding energies comparable to or better than sildenafil. Quantum
mechanical estimates indicated their potential as electron donors and acceptors, highlighting their
antagonistic potential.

Conclusion:

These promising marine xanthones warrant further research to assess their PDE5 inhibitory
activity in vitro and in vivo. This could provide valuable insights for developing new natural
resource-based drugs to prevent or treat erectile dysfunction.
Microbial and Chemical Safety Aspects of Postbiotics: As their Tools in Improving Food Safety
Authors: Khani Nader , Shakeri Amir Hessam , Bonyadi Mojtaba , Khorrami Ramin , Rad Aziz Homayouni
Published: January 2025

Various factors, including physical, chemical, and biological hazards threaten food safety.
Among these, the significance of microbial (bacteria and fungi) and chemical (biogenic
amines, mycotoxins, and heavy metals) contamination cannot be overstated. In recent years, a novel
approach has emerged for effectively managing these risks, which relies on probiotics and postbiotics.
Recent research suggests that postbiotics show promise as potential alternatives to probiotic
cells and can be valuable in improving food safety. The term “postbiotics” refers to soluble substances,
including enzymes, teichoic acids, muropeptides from peptidoglycans, polysaccharides,
proteins, and peptides. These substances are either produced by live bacteria or released when bacterial
cells break down. Postbiotics have gained significant attention due to their unique chemical
composition, well-established dosing guidelines, extended shelf life, and the Existence of different
signaling molecules that may possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, immunomodulatory,
anti-hypertensive, and immunomodulatory properties. This review emphasizes the definition
of postbiotics and their role in reducing microbial and chemical contaminants to ensure food
safety.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on Older Patients with Cognitive Impairment and Depression
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Qin Yuping , Ding Meng , yang Jining , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2025

Background:

Understanding brain changes in older patients with depression and their relationship with cognitive abilities may aid in the diagnosis of depression
in this population. This study aimed to explore the association between brain lesions and cognitive performance in older patients with depression.

Methods:

We utilized magnetic resonance imaging data from a previous study, which included older adults with and without depression. Smoothed Regional
Homogeneity (ReHo) and local brain Amplitude of Low-frequency Fluctuation (ALFF) values were assessed to examine brain activity

Results:

The analysis revealed decreased ReHo in the left middle temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left precuneus, as well as increased local
ALFF in the right middle occipital gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, and right precentral gyrus in older patients with depression. These alterations may
contribute to behavioral and cognitive changes. However, no significant relationship was found between ReHo values and Montreal Cognitive
Assessment (MoCA) scores. In contrast, increased local ALFF in the left postcentral gyrus and right precentral gyrus was negatively correlated
with MoCA scores.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated a significant association between regional brain alterations in patients with depression and cognitive behavior. Thus, this
work identified functional brain regions and cognitive performance in older adults with depression, highlighting specific brain regions that play a
crucial role in cognitive abilities in this population.
Intracranial Structural Malformations in Children in Tibet: CT and MRI Findings in a Single Tertiary Center
Authors: Yin Xuan , Ciren Dawa , Guojie Ciren , Zhang Guofu , Wang Jimei , Zhang He
Published: January 2025

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to summarize the findings of children’s intracranial congenital or developmental malformations found during
imaging procedures in the Tibetan plateau.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the imaging data of the suspected patients who presented with the central nervous system (CNS) malformations and
were enrolled either through the clinic or after ultrasound examinations between June 2019 and June 2023 in our institution. All imaging data were
interpreted by two experienced radiologists through consensus reading.

Results:

In this study, we recruited 36 patients, including two neonates, 17 infants and 17 children. Seven cases underwent an MRI examination, while the
others had a CT scan. Polygyria and pachygyria malformation were the most common type of congenital neurological malformations (7 cases,
31.8%), followed by cystic changes of the cerebral parenchyma (3 cases, 13.6%). Cerebral atrophy was the most common type of secondary CNS
abnormality(8 cases, 57.1%), followed by communicative hydrocephalus (3 cases, 21.4%). Five patients in the congenital group and 4 patients in
the secondary group had complex malformations. In the current study group, there were 8 deaths, 12 cases with neurological sequelae, 1 case with
normal development, and 15 cases lost to follow-up. There were no significant differences between the primary and secondary CNS groups in
terms of the outcome for both the infants and children groups.

Conclusions:

CNS malformations in the Tibetan Plateau are associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Better utilization of imaging modalities could
help design tailored treatments as early as possible.
Improving Diagnostic Accuracy in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Insights from Spectral Dual-energy CT
Authors: Shen Mei-Ling , Zhang Han-Wen , Liu Li-Hong , Liu Wei-Ming , Zhong Hua , Huang Biao , Wang Yu-li , Lin Fan
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of spectral dual-energy detector computed tomography (SDCT) and its associated parameters in
diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism (APE).

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of imaging data from 86 APE-diagnosed patients using SDCT was conducted. Virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) at 40,
70, and 100 KeV, Iodine concentration (IC) maps, Electron Cloud Density Map (ECDM), Effective atomic number (Z-eff) maps, and Hounsfield
unit attenuation plots (VMI slope) were reconstructed from pulmonary artery phase CT images. The subtraction (SUB) and ratios of VMIs were
calculated, and two experienced radiologists evaluated the patients. The Mann-Whitney U test assessed the parameter ability to differentiate
between normal and obstructed lung fields and detect emboli in the pulmonary artery. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves (ROC) were
generated for performance evaluation.

Results:

Significant differences (p<0.001) in 40KeV, Ratio, SUB, and Z-eff were found between normal and embolized lung fields. Logistic regression
demonstrated good detection performance for Z-eff (AUC=0.986), SUB (AUC=0.975), and IC (AUC=0.974). Parameters such as 40KeV
(AUC=0.990), 70KeV (AUC=0.980), 100KeV (AUC=0.962), SUB (AUC=0.990), Z-eff (AUC=0.999), and IC (AUC=1.000) exhibited good
detection capabilities for identifying emboli in the pulmonary artery.

Conclusion:

SDCT facilitates the identification of diseased lung fields and localization of emboli in the pulmonary artery, thereby improving diagnostic
efficiency in APE.
Assessment of Prostate MR Image and Predictive Value for Benign Prostate Disease among Different DWI Sequences
Authors: Dan Hanli , Yang Lu , Tan Yuchuan , Zhang Yipeng , Tan Yong , Zhang Jing , Li Min , Lin Meng , Zhang Jiuquan
Published: January 2025

Background:

Early diagnosis of prostate cancer can improve the survival rate of patients on the premise of high-quality images. The prerequisite for early
diagnosis is high-quality images. ZOOMit is a method for high-resolution, zoomed FOV imaging, allowing diffusion-weighted images with high
contrast and resolution in short acquisition times. RESOLVE DWI is an advanced MRI technique developed to obtain high-resolution diffusionweighted
images with reduced susceptibility-related artifacts.

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the image quality of conventional single-shot Echo-planar Imaging (ss-EPI), Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI),
zoomed FOV imaging (ZOOMit) DWI, and readout segmentation of long variable echo-trains (RESOLVE) DWI sequences for prostate imaging,
and optimize the strategy to obtain high-quality Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in order to discriminate malignant and benign prostate
diseases.

Methods:

Fifty-one patients were enrolled, including 31 with prostate cancer, 11 with prostate benign disease, and 9 with bladder cancer. Patients underwent
MRI scans using T2-weighted (T2W), ss-EPI DWI, ZOOMit DWI, and RESOLVE DWI (b = 0, 50, 1400 s/mm2) sequences using a 3.0T MRI
scanner. Subjective scores of image quality were evaluated by two independent radiologists. Differences in the subjective scores and objective
parameters among the three sequences were compared. The agreement and consistency between the findings of the two raters were evaluated with
Kappa or Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to distinguish malignant and benign
prostate disease.

Results:

The agreement of subjective scores of 51 patients was high or moderate between the two radiologists (kappa: 0.529–0.880). ZOOMit displayed the
highest clarity and the lowest distortion and artifacts compared to ss-EPI and RESOLVE. The two radiologic technicians obtained moderate or
high consistency of objective measurement (ICC: 0.527–0.924). In the ROC analysis, ADCmean and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System
(PI-RADS) scores for three sequences were comparable in differentiating prostate cancer from benign prostate disease (all p>0.05), in which
ZOOMit indicated the highest Area Under the Curve (AUC) (0.930 and 0.790, respectively).

Conclusion:

Compared to the other two sequences, ZOOMit can be deemed preferable to improve prostate MRI diffusion imaging as it has exhibited the
highest AUC in identifying prostate cancer.
Sound Touch Viscosity (STVi) for Thyroid Gland Evaluation in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mao Feng , Jiang Yuemingming , Wang Yunzhong , Xu Zhenbin , Wei Zhuo , Zhu Xueli , Chen Libin , Zhang Shengmin
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This prospective study aimed to establish the typical viscosity range of the thyroid gland in healthy individuals using a new method called the
Sound Touch Viscosity (STVi) technique with a linear array transducer.

Methods:

Seventy-eight healthy volunteers were enrolled between March, 2023 and April, 2023. Thyroid viscosity was measured using the Resona R9
ultrasound system equipped with a linear array transducer (L15-3WU). Each patient had three valid viscosity measurements taken for each thyroid
lobe, and the average values were analyzed. Thyroid gland stiffness was measured and analyzed simultaneously

Results:

The study included 51 women and 27 men with an average age of 48 years. The mean viscosity measurement for a normal thyroid gland was 1.10
± 0.41 Pa.s (ranging from 0.38 to 2.25 Pa.s). There were no significant differences in viscosity between the left and right lobes of the thyroid gland.
We found no significant variations in viscosity based on gender, age, or body mass index (BMI). There was a notable positive correlation between
thyroid viscosity and stiffness measurements (r = 0.717, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that STVi is a highly reliable method for assessing the thyroid. This technique holds promise as a new, non-invasive approach
to evaluating thyroid parenchyma viscosity.
Advanced CNN Architecture for Brain Tumor Segmentation and Classification
using BraTS-GOAT 2024 Dataset
Authors: Satushe Vaidehi , Vyas Vibha , Metkar Shilpa , Paul Singh Davinder
Published: January 2025

Background:

The BraTS Generalizability Across Tumors (BraTS-GoAT) initiative addresses the critical need for robust and generalizable models in brain tumor
segmentation. Despite advancements in automated segmentation techniques, the variability in tumor characteristics and imaging modalities across
clinical settings presents a significant challenge.

Objective:

This study aims to develop an advanced CNN-based model for brain tumor segmentation that enhances consistency and utility across diverse
clinical environments. The objective is to improve the generalizability of CNN models by applying them to large-scale datasets and integrating
robust preprocessing techniques.

Methods:

The proposed approach involves the application of advanced CNN models to the BraTS 2024 challenge dataset, incorporating preprocessing
techniques such as standardization, feature extraction, and segmentation. The model's performance was evaluated based on accuracy, mean
Intersection over Union (IOU), average Dice coefficient, Hausdorff 95 score, precision, sensitivity, and specificity.

Results:

The model achieved an accuracy of 98.47%, a mean IOU of 0.8185, an average Dice coefficient of 0.7, an average Hausdorff 95 score of 1.66, a
precision of 98.55%, a sensitivity of 98.40%, and a specificity of 99.52%. These results demonstrate a significant improvement over the current
gold standard in brain tumor segmentation.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study contribute to establishing benchmarks for generalizability in medical imaging, promoting the adoption of CNN-based
brain tumor segmentation models in diverse clinical environments. This work has the potential to improve outcomes for patients with brain tumors
by enhancing the reliability and effectiveness of automated segmentation techniques.
Imaging Characteristics of Primary Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bian Yizhong , Xu Lei , Zhou Yibo , Li Jizhen
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma (MCA) of the breast remains a relatively rare condition, and to date, there is no systematic summary of its imaging
manifestations. Therefore, this report presents a detailed account of the diagnosis and treatment of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in a 40-year-old
woman, with a particular focus on imaging findings. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on this disease and summarized
its key imaging features. This manuscript provides valuable insights and methodologies for the accurate diagnosis of mucinous
cystadenocarcinoma.

Case Presentation:
We report a 40-year-old premenopausal woman who discovered multiple cysts in her left breast five years ago. Over the past two years, the size of
these tumors has increased. Ultrasound examination indicated that the cysts had grown to 27 x 17mm. Following a puncture, the cysts were
confirmed to be benign and were not monitored regularly. A year later, the patient's mass in the left breast increased, and an ultrasound exam
indicated a suspicious mixed echo area in the upper outer quadrant, suggestive of a malignant lesion. Mammography showed amorphous
suspicious calcifications in the lesion area, distributed in segments. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging displayed non-mass-type
enhancement of the lesion, with a dynamic enhanced imaging time-signal intensity curve (TIC) showing a rapidly rising plateau pattern.
Postoperative pathology confirmed invasive carcinoma of the left breast along with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Four months after surgery, the
patient developed multiple abnormal lymph nodes in the left axilla, which were confirmed to be metastasis upon pathology examination. Following
radiotherapy, the patient's condition remained stable during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Most MCA lesions typically exhibit clear borders and irregular edges, with some displaying expansive growth and compression of surrounding
tissues. Mammography can reveal calcified components in lesions. Ultrasound often reveals an isoechoic or hypoechoic mass with well-defined
borders but irregular edges. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can show clear boundaries and uneven enhancement of the lesions, and the timeintensity
curve (TIC) of the mass area often shows an inflow enhancement pattern.
Breast Reconstruction Using Laparoscopically Harvested Pedicled Omental Flap: Imaging Findings and a Case of Recurrence Among Eight Patients
Authors: Byon Jung Hee , Lim Soyeoun , Bae Kyoungkyg , Bang Minseo
Published: January 2025

Background:

Laparoscopically Harvested Pedicled Omental Flap [LHPOF] has become a viable option for breast reconstruction due to advancements in
minimally invasive techniques, offering benefits like reduced postoperative pain and minimal scarring.

Case Presentation:

This study examines the imaging findings in eight patients who underwent breast reconstruction using a LHPOF. Imaging modalities, including
mammography, ultrasonography, MRI, and CT, consistently showed reconstructed breasts with fat replacing glandular tissue and numerous
internal vessels. One case of recurrence was detected, demonstrating the efficacy of conventional surveillance imaging studies in facilitating the
detection of recurrences.

Conclusion:

This is the first report detailing imaging findings of breast reconstruction using an LHPOF, including a recurrence case. Understanding these
imaging results is crucial for effective surveillance in breast cancer patients with omental flap reconstruction.
Validity and Reliability of My Jump 2 App for Jump Performance in Judo Players
Authors: Soares Denise , Rodrigues Catarina , Lourenço Joana , Dias Amândio
Published: January 2025

Background:

The height of the jump is an essential factor in judo because through this parameter, coaches can assess the power of the lower limbs, which is essential in the performance of judo techniques. The My Jump 2 (MJ2) application is a validated application to calculate the jump height, however, to the best of our knowledge, no study has tested this smartphone application in judokas.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to analyse the validity and reliability of the app MJ2 for measuring jump height in judokas.

Methods:

Twenty-one judokas were recruited, who performed 2 countermovement jumps on the Chronojump platform (42 jumps). Simultaneously, the videos of the jumps were captured using recommendations in the app and were later processed and analyzed independently by two evaluators.

Results:

The data revealed a good correlation for the calculated jump height with both tools used. In the Bland-Altman analysis, it was observed that the differences between instruments and the inter-evaluator differences were quite low. According to the Pearson correlation (MJ2 vs CJ), the value was r=0.97. As for the height of the jump measured using the MJ2 app, an average of 26.38 ± 8.89 cm and 26.25 ± 8.14 was obtained for each evaluator, while the average for the Chronojump platform was 26.69 ± 8.14.

Conclusion:

The concordant data and correlation found indicate that MJ2 application can be used as a method to estimate jump height in judokas.
The impact of corrective feedback on EFL learners’ acquisition of regular and irregular past simple forms: evidence from a Portuguese context using a picture description task
Authors: Faustino Ana Rita
Published: January 2025

Corrective Feedback (CF) is a common practice in the foreign language classroom and constitutes a topic of interest for both language teachers – who have to decide whether to correct their students, when and how – and for L2 researchers – who are interested in testing the efficacy of CF techniques in L2 acquisition. Conducted in a state school in Portugal, this quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of three CF strategies – recasts, prompts and explicit correction – and of no feedback on the acquisition of English regular and irregular past tense forms. 166 9th-grade Portuguese students (and their five teachers) took part in the study and were tested in a pretest-posttest design. Comparisons of group means using ANOVA revealed a significant effect for test time. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the Prompt group significantly outperformed both the Explicit Correction group and the Recast group in the production of regular past tense items and showed significant improvement between the Pretest and Posttest 2 in the use of irregular past tense.