bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A meta-analytic investigation of the processes underlying the similarity-attraction effect
Authors: Montoya R. Matthew , Horton Robert S.
Published: August 2012

This research investigated two competing explanations of the similarity effect: Byrne’s (1971) reinforcement model and the information processing perspective. A meta-analysis of 240 laboratory-based similarity studies explored moderators important to the similarity effect, including set size, proportion of similarity, centrality of attitudes, and information salience. Results indicated effects for proportion of similarity, centrality of attitudes, and information salience, and were largely consistent with predictions of the information processing perspective. We discuss the implications of these findings for the two perspectives, for other models for the similarity effect, and for the role of affect and cognition in the experience of interpersonal attraction.
Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2 allosteric potentiators prevent sodium lactate-induced panic-like response in panic-vulnerable rats
Authors: Johnson Philip L , Fitz Stephanie D , Engleman Eric A , Svensson Kjell A , Schkeryantz Jeffrey M , Shekhar Anantha
Published: August 2012

Rats with chronic inhibition of GABA synthesis by infusion of l-allyglycine, a glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibitor, into their dorsomedial/perifornical hypothalamus are anxious and exhibit panic-like cardio-respiratory responses to treatment with intravenous (i.v.) sodium lactate (NaLac) infusions, in a manner similar to what occurs in patients with panic disorder. We previously showed that either NMDA receptor antagonists or metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2/3 receptor agonists can block such a NaLac response, suggesting that a glutamate mechanism is contributing to this panic-like state. Using this animal model of panic, we tested the efficacy of CBiPES and THIIC, which are selective group II metabotropic glutamate type 2 receptor allosteric potentiators (at 10–30mg/kg i.p.), in preventing NaLac-induced panic-like behavioral and cardiovascular responses. The positive control was alprazolam (3mg/kg i.p.), a clinically effective anti-panic benzodiazepine. As predicted, panic-prone rats given a NaLac challenge displayed NaLac-induced panic-like cardiovascular (i.e. tachycardia and hypertensive) responses and “anxiety” (i.e. decreased social interaction time) and “flight” (i.e. increased locomotion) -associated behaviors; however, systemic injection of the panic-prone rats with CBiPES, THIIC or alprazolam prior to the NaLac dose blocked all NaLac-induced panic-like behaviors and cardiovascular responses. These data suggested that in a rat animal model, selective group II metabotropic glutamate type 2 receptor allosteric potentiators show an anti-panic efficacy similar to alprazolam.
Opportunities and challenges with autonomous micro aerial vehicles
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Michael Nathan
Published: August 2012

We survey the recent work on micro unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), a fast-growing field in robotics, outlining the opportunities for research and applications, along with the scientific and technological challenges. Micro-UAVs can operate in three-dimensional environments, explore and map multi-story buildings, manipulate and transport objects, and even perform such tasks as assembly. While fixed-base industrial robots were the main focus in the first two decades of robotics, and mobile robots enabled most of the significant advances during the next two decades, it is likely that UAVs, and particularly micro-UAVs, will provide a major impetus for the next phase of education, research, and development.
Waking IR Up from its ‘Deep Newtonian Slumber’
Authors: Kavalski Emilian
Published: August 2012

This review article offers an overview of the current state of the art in the complexity paradigm of international relations.
Biotechnology in agriculture
Authors: Mannion A.M. , Morse Stephen
Published: August 2012

Genetically modified (GM) varieties of crops, notably soybean, maize, rape (canola) and cotton, were first grown commercially in 1996. In 2010 they occupied 148 million ha in 29 countries, mostly in the Americas and Asia but with an obvious absence in Europe where their introduction has been controversial due to concerns about environmental impairment and adverse impacts on human health. This paper reviews the published literature on the agronomic and environmental impact of GM crops in the last 15 years. Overall, the impact of GM crops has largely been agronomically and environmentally positive in both developed and developing world contexts. The often claimed negative impacts of GM crops have yet to materialize on large scales in the field. Agronomically, there have been yield increases per unit area, mainly due to reduced losses as a result of improved pest (i.e. insect) and weed control; in the case of conventional crops grown near GM varieties with insect resistance there have been benefits due to the so-called ‘halo’ effect. Environmentally, the decrease in insecticide use has benefited non-target and beneficial organisms while surface and groundwater contamination is less significant; human-health problems related to pesticide use have also declined. Equally important is the reduced carbon footprint as energy inputs are reduced. Of particular note, however, is the recognition that the success or longevity of GM crops is reliant on the speed with which resistance develops in target weeds and insects. However, resistance to GM-based plant resistance is already being detected in some pest populations and this suggests that scientists and farmers cannot be complacent. Current GM approaches are relatively transitory as a means of combating pests, as are conventional pesticides, and good management will determine how long this strategy proves positive. However, GM is a comparatively new science and the possibilities are considerable.
The characteristics of head pain in response to an experimental cold stimulus to the palate: An observational study of 414 volunteers
Authors: de Oliveira Daniella A , Valença Marcelo M
Published: August 2012

Objective:

The objective of this article is to study the characteristics of headaches following an experimental cold stimulus and evaluate whether the ICHD-II criteria for headache attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a cold stimulus (HICS) are adequate for the diagnosis of the headache induced by ice on the palate area (ice-induced headache (IH)).

Results:

One hundred and fifty-three out of 414 (37.0%) individuals tested had IH, but only 77/153 (50.3%) satisfied the ICHD-II criteria. The frontal (60.8%) and temporal (48.4%) areas were the most affected ones, with bilateral (77.1%) predominance, often of the pulsatile type (41.2%). One hundred and forty-seven out of 379 (38.8%) individuals who presented with a previous history of primary headache presented with IH, while only six out of 35 (17.1%) who had no history of previous headache reported pain in the test (OR 3.063, 95% CI 1.241–7.557). The ice-induced headache test was positive in 115/240 (47.9%) of the migraine sufferers and in 32/139 (23%) of the tension-type headache sufferers (OR 3.076, 95% CI 1.924–4.918).

Conclusion:

IH is predominantly frontotemporal, bilateral and throbbing, most commonly affecting migraine sufferers, and the ICHD-II criteria are insufficient for classifying all individuals. We should, however, recommend caution regarding such a generalization from our findings with experimentally provoked cold stimulus headache to cold stimulus headache in general (i.e. HICS, ICHD-II).
Influence of Resection Geometry on Fracture Risk in the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Rothenfluh Esin , Zingg Patrick , Dora Claudio , Snedeker Jess G. , Favre Philippe
Published: August 2012

Background:

A fracture is the most serious complication of surgical resection of the femoral head-neck junction in the treatment of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Purpose:

To investigate the influence of resection length, width, and depth on postoperative fracture risk in activities of daily living.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

The femoral anatomy used for the finite element model was based upon a publicly available standardized model. For descriptive validation, the fracture location was compared with radiographs of patients who had suffered from a femoral neck fracture after surgical treatment of FAI in our institution. Additionally, a 2-part quantitative validation against previously published experimental data was performed. To simulate surgery, round resections were made in which length and width were varied at 10%, 20%, and 30%. The fracture loads were compared with published in vivo loads measured during activities of daily living with telemetric hip implants.

Results:

Validation showed that the model predicted fracture locations comparable with clinical cases and fracture loads within published experimental values. Femoral fracture loads were 325% more sensitive to resection deepening and 70% more sensitive to widening than lengthening.

Conclusion:

Although resection depth is the most important determinant of bone resistance, it should be considered in combination with resection length and width. Even a resection depth as low as 10% may lead to a fracture in case of stumbling.

Clinical Relevance:

We show that for resection depths of 20% or less and resection length of less than 35% of the femoral neck, normal activities of daily living are safe. Resection widths typically achieved in practice did not induce fractures during activities of daily living. Patients who have undergone surgical resection should be counseled on how to try to avoid stumbling.
Arthroscopic Collagen Meniscus Implantation for Partial Lateral Meniscal Defects
Authors: Zaffagnini Stefano , Marcheggiani Muccioli Giulio Maria , Bulgheroni Paolo , Bulgheroni Erica , Grassi Alberto , Bonanzinga Tommaso , Kon Elizaveta , Filardo Giuseppe , Busacca Maurizio , Marcacci Maurilio
Published: August 2012

Background:

Loss of knee meniscal tissue often leads to increased pain and decreased function.

Hypothesis:

At a minimum 2-year follow-up, patients receiving a lateral collagen meniscus implant (CMI) would show improved knee function and decreased pain compared with their preoperative status.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Twenty-four patients with irreparable lateral meniscal tears (n = 7) or previous partial lateral meniscectomy (n = 17) underwent arthroscopic lateral collagen meniscus implantation. Clinical evaluation was performed preoperatively, at 6 months, and at a minimum 2-year follow-up with Lysholm, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Tegner, objective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and EuroQol 5 dimensions (EQ-5D) scores. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation was performed preoperatively and at final follow-up using the modified Yulish score for cartilage and the Genovese score for implant size and signal intensity.

Results:

All clinical scores significantly improved from preoperative evaluation to final follow-up. Average Lysholm scores improved from 64.0 ± 16.2 to 92.7 ± 13.8 ( P < .0001), VAS for pain from 55.2 ± 29.4 to 19.5 ± 25.6 ( P < .0001), Tegner from 3 (interquartile range, 2-4) to 5 (interquartile range, 4-7) ( P = .0062), objective IKDC from 6A, 14B, 4C to 20A, 3B, 1D ( P = .0002), and EQ-5D from 0.58 ± 0.28 to 0.89 ± 0.14 ( P < .0001). Good to excellent (A + B) objective IKDC scores improved from 83% preoperatively to 96% at 2-year follow-up. The Tegner index (the percentage of the lost activity level that was regained as a result of the treatment intervention) was 47% at 6-month follow-up and 79% at 2-year follow-up: this improvement was statistically significant ( P = .0062). The MRI evaluations for tibial and femoral modified Yulish scores for cartilage remained similar over the course of the study; 87.5% of implants were reduced in size, and in 3 cases (12.5%), they were completely resorbed; 50% of the implants had a slightly hyperintense signal (relative to the normal meniscus), and signal intensity changes suggested that full maturation had occurred in 37.5% at final follow-up (based on the Genovese scores).

Conclusion:

The lateral CMI demonstrated that it was safe in this population study, with decreased pain and improved knee function in 96% of patients with excellent/good Lysholm results in 87% of patients at a minimum 2-year follow-up. The MRI scans demonstrated a decreased implant size relative to a normal meniscus.
The Evaluation of Arthroscopic Remplissage by High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Park Min Jung , Garcia Grant , Malhotra Amit , Major Nancy , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Kelly John D.
Published: August 2012

Background:

Arthroscopic remplissage is a novel procedure recently advocated for the treatment of large Hill-Sachs lesions with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. We have shown previously that infraspinatus tenodesis and Bankart repair reduce the risk of recurrent instability in high-risk patients. The ability to perform this procedure arthroscopically and without the need for bone grafting or an open approach makes this an appealing alternative to more traditional techniques.

Purpose:

To evaluate and characterize the postoperative appearance of the remplissage procedure on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to correlate these findings to clinical outcome (Western Ontario Shoulder Instability [WOSI] score, range of motion).

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

In patients who had undergone arthroscopic remplissage for recurrent glenohumeral instability with large Hill-Sachs defects, images were acquired with a 3-T protocol (and reviewed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists) with the shoulder in the abduction-external rotation (ABER) and neutral positions at the time of the latest clinical examination. Measured parameters included signal intensity of tissue within the prior defect, signal intensity of the residual infraspinatus, degree of fatty infiltrate and muscle atrophy as a percentage of fat signal versus muscle signal (Goutallier grade), presence of marrow edema, and number of anchors in the defect. Functional scores were obtained with the WOSI questionnaire, and comprehensive range of motion data were recorded with a goniometer.

Results:

In 11 patients with an average clinical follow-up of 18.0 months (range, 8.8-27.2 months), the average size of the Hill-Sachs deformity was 334.3 mm3 (range, 93.6-825.1 mm3). The percentage of the deformity filled in with tendon was 75% to 100%, and the degree of atrophy was 0% to 25% for all patients studied. No defects were left unfilled. Two patients had granulation tissue filling the lesion, and 3 patients had fibrous tissue, while the rest of the patients had the MRI appearance of both granulation and fibrous tissue. Four of 9 patients had tendinopathy or partial tears of the residual infraspinatus tendon insertion, and 1 patient demonstrated residual bone marrow edema. The average number of anchors used was 1.4 (range, 1-3). The average WOSI score was 74.3% (range, 41.6%-99.2%), with an average external rotation loss of 5.8° (range, 0°-22°). One patient had recurrence of instability.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that there is evidence of tendon incorporation and fill into the Hill-Sachs defect following arthroscopic remplissage at 8 months and beyond. Although MRI findings did not correlate with the clinical findings, patients were satisfied with the procedure and demonstrated minimal loss of external rotation (average, 5.8°) at early follow-up.
Physical Activity and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Parkinson Disease
Authors: Abrantes Ana M. , Friedman Joseph H. , Brown Richard A. , Strong David R. , Desaulniers Julie , Ing Eileen , Saritelli Jennifer , Riebe Deborah
Published: August 2012

Neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) such as fatigue, depression, and apathy are common and detract from quality of life. There is little published on the impact of physical activity on the neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD. A convenience sample of 45 patients with PD (mean age = 66.1 years; 33% female) completed questionnaires on physical activity, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and specific exercise preferences. Covarying for age and gender, higher levels of physical activity were associated with significantly less fatigue, as well as a trend for less apathy and depression and greater positive affect. Exercise preferences included moderate intensity (73%), at home (56%), in the morning (73%), scheduled (69%), options for varied activities (73%), and preference for both structured/supervised (50%), and unsupervised/self-paced (50%) programs. Preferred activities included the use of aerobic exercise equipment, resistance training, and yoga. Developing and tailoring exercise programs that incorporate specific preferences may result in more effective interventions for patients with PD.
Multifractal information fusion based condition diagnosis for process complex systems
Authors: Lv Yanqing , Gao Jianmin , Gao Zhiyong , Jiang Hongquan
Published: August 2012

Abnormal conditions are hazardous in process complex systems, and the aim of condition diagnosis is to detect abnormal conditions and thus avoid serious accidents. Comparing with conventional techniques of condition diagnosis without concerning the nonlinearity of complex system, multifractal analysis elaborately reveals scale-invariance or self-similarity properties of time series data, which is one of the intrinsic characteristics of complex systems. Moreover, the monitoring data within multiple feature variables should be investigated by combining multifractal analysis and information fusion techniques, so that significant patterns of the whole system would be discovered. In this article, a condition diagnosis framework is proposed for industrial complex systems, by which nonlinear features are extracted from univariate time series through multifractal analysis using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis algorithm, and multiple feature variables are investigated through Mahalanobis–Taguchi system as an information fusion method to determine the condition of the whole system. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated using data from both simulated model and real production system in an industrial enterprise.
Clinical experience with computer navigation in revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Franke Jochen , Zheng Guoyan , Wendl Klaus , Grützner Paul A , von Recum Jan
Published: August 2012

The biomechanically and anatomically correct placement of hip prostheses components is the main challenge in revision hip arthroplasty. The orientation of the cup and stem with the restoration of leg length, offset and hip centre is hampered by the defect situations frequently present. In primary hip arthroplasty, it has been demonstrated that the components can be accurately positioned using computer-navigated procedures. However, such procedures could also be of considerable benefit in revision hip arthroplasty. Systems that not only detect anatomical landmarks using pointers but also use image data for referencing may provide a possible solution for the defect situation. Literature about navigation in revision arthroplasty is very rare. This article comprises general considerations on this subject and presents our experience and possible clinical applications.
Crossing the Virtual Boundary
Authors: Zhao Min , Lee Leonard , Soman Dilip
Published: August 2012

Task-oriented activities often involve a certain degree of waiting before the actual activities commence. We suggest that seemingly irrelevant situational cues in the task environment, such as queue guides, area carpets, or the location of another person, can serve as virtual boundaries that divide the task system into two categories: inside the system versus outside the system. Results from two laboratory and two field studies show that in-system individuals (i.e., those who have crossed the virtual boundary demarcated by these cues) are more likely than out-system individuals to adopt an implemental mind-set, as manifested by increased immediacy of action initiation, increased persistence in task-oriented behavior, and increased optimism. Further, these effects are attenuated when people are given sufficient extrinsic incentives to fulfill the task.
Pot-bellied pig neoplasia
Authors: Newman Shelley J. , Rohrbach Barton
Published: August 2012

The current report summarizes the incidence and variety of neoplasms in pot-bellied pigs as documented by the pathology group at the University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine (UTCVM) between 2004 and 2011. Sixty-three pot-bellied pig cases (53 necropsies and 10 surgical biopsies) were identified from the UTCVM case database. Of these, 22 cases from 21 patients (34.9%) were given a diagnosis of neoplasia, including 10 females, 3 spayed females, 2 males, and 7 neutered males. The mean age of affected animals was 11.3 years. The incidence of neoplasia among the necropsy cases was 28% (15/53), and in the surgical biopsy material, the incidence was 70% (7/10). Reproductive and gastrointestinal tissues were most commonly affected, and malignancies were frequently identified, with hepatic and intestinal carcinomas predominating. Multiple neoplasms were often identified in patients submitted for necropsy, and in 4 out of 11 of the necropsy cases, at least 1 of the neoplasms was a malignancy. Six necropsy cases revealed metastatic spread.
Host range of Canine minute virus in cell culture
Authors: Pratelli Annamaria , Moschidou Paschalina
Published: August 2012

Canine minute virus (CnMV) is a member of the Bocavirus genus, together with Bovine parvovirus (BPV), which emerged as a new pathogen of dogs in 1967. The genus Bocavirus gained more recognition after the recent identification of Human bocavirus in pooled specimens from the respiratory tract of children. The cell culture host range of CnMV appears to be restricted to the Walter Reed canine cell (WRCC) line, although there is a report that indicates susceptibility of the Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line. In order to study the susceptibility of different cell lines to CnMV, the replication in cell cultures of canine, bovine, and human origin and the interaction of the virus with freshly isolated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated. The in vitro host range was unexpectedly wide. As shown by indirect fluorescent antibody and polymerase chain reaction assays, CnMV replicates efficiently in the A72 and MDCK canine cell lines. Bovine and human cell lines support the replication of CnMV less efficiently. In contrast, canine mononuclear blood cells are permissive to replication of CnMV in vitro. The present study revealed the ability of CnMV to replicate in continuous cell lines of different origin and, partially, in canine mononuclear cells.
A mammary gland chondrolipoma in the dog
Authors: Asproni Pietro , Millanta Francesca , Poli Alessandro
Published: August 2012

A 12-year-old intact female dog was submitted to surgery to remove a well-circumscribed mass located near the left inguinal mammary gland. At histological examination, the mass was unencapsulated and composed by lobules of fat cells and scattered isles of cartilaginous tissue. Chondroblasts and chondrocytes showed moderate signs of atypia and often were located singularly or in small clusters within the stroma of the neoplasm. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that cells were vimentin and S-100 positive, whereas no immunoreactivity was showed for cytokeratin, cytokeratin 5/6, cytokeratin 14, and P63. A diagnosis of chondrolipoma was made based on microscopic findings.
Diagnostic accuracy of rectal mucosa biopsy testing for chronic wasting disease within white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herds in North America
Authors: Thomsen Bruce V. , Schneider David A. , O’Rourke Katherine I. , Gidlewski Thomas , McLane James , Allen Robert W. , McIsaac Alex A. , Mitchell Gordon B. , Keane Delwyn P. , Spraker Terry R. , Balachandran Aru
Published: August 2012

An effective live animal diagnostic test is needed to assist in the control of chronic wasting disease (CWD), which has spread through captive and wild herds of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) in Canada and the United States. In the present study, the diagnostic accuracy of rectal mucosa biopsy sample testing was determined in white-tailed deer from 4 CWD-infected captive herds. Specifically, the current study compared the immunohistochemical detection of disease-associated prion protein in postmortem rectal mucosa biopsy samples to the CWD status of each deer as determined by immunodiagnostic evaluations of the brainstem at the obex, the medial retropharyngeal lymph node, and the palatine tonsil. The effects of age, sex, genotype, and disease progression were also evaluated. Diagnostic sensitivity on rectal biopsy samples for CWD in white-tailed deer ranged from 63% to 100%; the pooled estimate of sensitivity was 68% with 95% confidence limits (95% CLs) of 49% and 82%. However, diagnostic sensitivity was dependent on genotype at prion protein gene ( PRNP) codon 96 and on disease progression as assessed by obex grade. Diagnostic sensitivity was 76% (95% CLs: 49%, 91%) for 96GG deer but only 42% (95% CLs: 13%, 79%) for 96GS deer. Furthermore, diagnostic sensitivity was only 36% for deer in the earliest stage of disease (obex grade 0) but was 100% for deer in the last 2 stages of preclinical disease (obex grades 3 and 4). The overall diagnostic specificity was 99.8%. Selective use of antemortem rectal biopsy sample testing would provide valuable information during disease investigations of CWD-suspect deer herds.
A ten-year (2000–2009) study of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria that cause bovine respiratory disease complex—Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni—in the United States and Canada
Authors: Portis Ellen , Lindeman Cynthia , Johansen Lacie , Stoltman Gillian
Published: August 2012

Bovine isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni, collected from 2000 to 2009, were tested for in vitro susceptibility to ceftiofur, penicillin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tetracycline, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin. Ceftiofur remained very active against all isolates. Penicillin retained good activity against P. multocida and H. somni isolates with no appreciable changes in susceptibility or minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions with time. While there was no obvious trend, the percent of M. haemolytica that were susceptible to penicillin ranged from 40.9% to 66.7%. Danofloxacin MIC50 and MIC90 values for M. haemolytica and P. multocida did not change beyond a single dilution over the 6 years it was included in the testing panel. The MIC90 for H. somni increased beyond 1 dilution. Enrofloxacin MIC50 values for the 3 pathogens also did not change over time, unlike the MIC90 values, which increased by at least 4-doubling dilutions. Ninety percent or more of M. haemolytica and H. somni isolates were susceptible to florfenicol, while susceptibility among P. multocida was 79% or greater. Less than 50% of the isolates tested as susceptible to tetracycline in many of the years. All 3 organisms showed declines in tilmicosin and tulathromycin MIC50 and MIC90 values over the years in which they were tested.
Disseminating Research and Scholarly Projects
Authors: Linder Lauri
Published: August 2012

Developing an abstract for presentation at a professional meeting is an important means for pediatric hematology/oncology nurses to disseminate results of research and scholarly projects. Although the process for developing a successful abstract may be viewed as challenging, attention to directions for composing the abstract as well as seeking mentorship can result in a submission that is accepted for presentation.
A Psychological Perspective of Eye Floaters
Authors: Cipolletta Sabrina , Beccarello Alessandra , Galan Alessandro
Published: August 2012

Patients experiencing flashes and spots in their perceptive fields often resort to consulting an ophthalmologist without finding an answer, mainly because these symptoms are not necessarily associated with pathology of the eye. The purpose of our research study was to understand the experience of these patients, differentiate among them, and propose different ways of treating them. We carried out an eye examination and echography, individual semistructured interviews, and dependency grids with 11 patients at the ophthalmology department of a public hospital in northern Italy. We found that individuals’ ways of experiencing and reacting to eye floaters might be different and might depend on the perception of the disease, the personal explanation, the solutions tried, the trust placed in medicine, self-construction, and the dispersion of dependency. Understanding the experiences of patients suffering from eye floaters might help health care professionals to personalize their approaches to these patients.
Reactions to Safer-Sex Public Service Announcement Message Features
Authors: Van Stee Stephanie K. , Noar Seth M. , Allard Suzanne , Zimmerman Rick , Palmgreen Philip , McClanahan Kitty
Published: August 2012

For this article, we conducted a qualitative investigation of participants’ reactions to five televised public service announcements (PSAs) that were aired as part of a large safer-sex mass media campaign to increase condom use among young adults. We conducted qualitative interviews ( N = 139) to determine which features of PSAs participants thought were most effective in terms of attention and recall, perceived realism of characters and situations, and cognitive responses. Our analysis of the results highlights the importance of high-sensation-value messages for gaining attention as well as the critical role of personal relevance for enhancing perceptions of realism. Cognitive responses to PSAs were mostly positive, but there was evidence of third-person effects. That is, many participants indicated that the safer-sex messages were important for other people but not for themselves. We discuss the implications of our results for designing PSAs that are attention-catching, realistic, and persuasive.
Women’s Early Relational Experiences That Lead to Domestic Violence
Authors: Keeling June , Fisher Colleen
Published: August 2012

Many perpetrators of domestic violence engage in a perpetual cycle of forming sequential relationships while repeating violent behavior. Their methods of manipulation successfully dominate a partner, the outcome of the relationship being control and violence. This research study was influenced by a feminist standpoint epistemology, and was focused on the narratives of 15 women who chose to talk in great detail about the transition in their respective relationship from love to violence. The findings revealed three tactics, termed the princess effect, feeling vulnerable, and commitment, which were deployed by male perpetrators in the early stages of a relationship. The purpose of these tactics was to successfully engage and retain women, to then exert control, inflict violence, and subjugate them. A description of the initial act of physical violence is provided, revealing the impact of these tactics in meeting the ends intended by the perpetrator.
A Game of Chinese Whispers in Malaysia
Authors: Puvanachandra Prasanthi , Kulanthayan Subramaniam , Hyder Adnan A.
Published: August 2012

In 2006, the Malaysian government began implementing road safety education (RSE) programs in primary schools, involving numerous stakeholders. We interviewed 19 stakeholders. Thematic analysis led to the identification of four themes: road traffic injuries (RTIs) among children in Malaysia, the role of RSE, factors affecting successful implementation, and intersectoral involvement. The latter was identified as a significant strength of the overall approach to implementation, and is one of the first examples in Malaysia and in the region of such an approach. Lack of official documentation surrounding ownership, funding responsibilities, and roles among the various sectors led to resistance from some groups. Although we know from scientific studies what works in terms of reducing RTIs, the more important question is how such interventions can be successfully and sustainably implemented, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The results of this study permit stronger understanding of issues surrounding the implementation of RTI interventions in LMIC.
Advantages of an ADHD Diagnosis in Adulthood
Authors: Fleischmann Amos , Fleischmann Rafael Haim
Published: August 2012

In this article we explore the impact of a diagnosis of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on coping among diagnosed adults. We use grounded theory to examine 71 biographical narratives, self-published on the Internet by adults with ADHD. The findings illuminate a three-stage temporal continuum. During the first stage, the narrators suffered from lack of self-confidence accompanied by functional difficulties, stress, and guilt feelings. During the second stage, which began after the diagnosis, they began to believe in their ability to lead meaningful and more manageable lives. During the third stage, an additional effect of the diagnosis emerged: the narrators’ realization or belief that ADHD might affect them for the better. Some narrators stated that their traits as persons with ADHD helped them to cope better than others unaffected by this syndrome. Consequently, those who have an ADHD diagnosis seem able to defeat unnecessary negative emotions and self-blame.
The Family Education Diabetes Series
Authors: Mendenhall Tai Justin , Seal Kirsten Lind , GreenCrow Betty Ann , LittleWalker Kathleen Nannette , BrownOwl Steven Alfred
Published: August 2012

Community-based participatory research has shown great promise as a mutually engaging and respectful way to partner contemporary biomedical knowledge with the lived experience, wisdom, and customs of American Indian people. Designed and implemented through this approach, our Family Education Diabetes Series (FEDS) has evidenced pilot and longitudinal physiological data supporting its effectiveness. However, the multifaceted nature of the program makes it difficult to know which factors are responsible for its success. This difficulty hinders efforts to improve the FEDS and/or inform others’ work to advance similar projects. In this study, we conducted a qualitative investigation using talking circles to explore participants’ views about what elements of the FEDS are most salient. Our findings suggest that social support and group-oriented sequences hold the most value. We conclude that an emphasis on these processes (instead of program content per se) is most indicated in effecting behavior change and facilitating ongoing disease management.
Quantifying the Relationship Between Perceived Consequences of ADHD Medication and Its Usage
Authors: Cox Daniel J. , Davis Margaret Taylor , Cox Brian S. , Burket Roger C. , Merkel Richard L. , Mikami Amori Yee , Ford Derek
Published: August 2012

Objective: To address a major barrier of medication noncompliance for individuals with ADHD, the authors present the ADHD Medication Attitude Scale (AMAS) with initial psychometric analyses and discriminant validity data. Method: The AMAS was posted on ADHD websites, along with questions about demographics and medication usage over a 6-month period. A total of 356 ADHD respondents qualified for data analysis (160 males, 196 females, mean age = 18.58, years range = 13-62 years, SD = 6.07). Results: Factor analysis revealed two factors: one indicating positive and the other indicating negative attitude toward medication. The final refined 22-item scale demonstrated good reliability (α =.83). More positive and less negative attitude factor scores, as well as age (older than 19 years), independently predicted respondents’ self-report of taking medication, χ2 (1, N = 248) = 38.95, p < .001. Conclusion: The AMAS is a psychometrically sound means of assessing attitudes toward ADHD medication, which significantly relate to self-reported medication usage.
Cortical Thickness in Young Treatment-Naive Children With ADHD
Authors: Yang Xiao-Ru , Carrey Normand , Bernier Denise , MacMaster Frank P.
Published: August 2012

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cortical thickness in areas of the brain that are hypothesized to be involved in response inhibition and error-monitoring behaviors. The authors hypothesized that children with ADHD would have a thinner prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) than healthy children. Method: In all, 25 ADHD and 25 healthy control male children (5-12 years) underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The authors found thinner right superior frontal gyrus in ADHD patients compared with controls ( t = 2.01, df = 45, p = .049). The older children with ADHD drove this effect when participants were further subdivided into a younger and older age group (older participants: p = .004; younger participants: p = ns). Conclusion: These findings have implications for the developmental trajectory of the frontal lobe in ADHD.
Gender Profiles of Behavioral Attention in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: May Tamara , Cornish Kim , Rinehart Nicole J.
Published: August 2012

Objective: The attention profile of girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unclear compared with boys with ASD and typical children. This study aimed to investigate parent-reported ASD and ADHD symptoms in a large sample of boys and girls with and without ASD. Method: A total of 124 normally intelligent children, half of them girls, 64 with autistic disorder or Asperger’s disorder, and 60 age- and gender-matched typically developing, aged 7 to 12 years, were recruited. Parents completed questionnaires regarding autistic and ADHD symptoms. Results: No gender differences in social difficulties but more repetitive motor movements, communication difficulties, and inattention were reported in males, regardless of group. Younger boys with ASD had more elevated levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity than younger girls with ASD. Conclusion: Gender differences in autistic symptoms and inattention in ASD reflected gender differences in typical children. More pronounced hyperactivity in younger boys with ASD could contribute to higher rates of clinical referral than girls.
A Portrait of Contemplative Teaching
Authors: Byrnes Kathryn
Published: August 2012

The aim of this article is to investigate how a contemplative orientation to teaching may facilitate wholeness for teachers and students through a portrait of Diana, a kindergarten teacher working in a contemplative elementary school. The portrait, one of three portraits from a larger study, illustrates three central features of contemplative teaching: compassion, integrity, and mindful awareness. These three central features develop internally within individual teachers and are animated and influenced externally through their role as teachers. The context of their teaching, relationships with students, parents, and colleagues, and pedagogical choices, in turn influence the three central features. The emphasis on wholeness, unity, and integration of a contemplative orientation to teaching moves us toward a view of teachers and students as beings with not only minds and heads but also hearts and bodies. Contemplative teaching offers educational communities a path toward transformational, holistic, and integrative learning and teaching.
Real-time analysis of gut flora in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients of Northern India
Authors: Verma Anil Kumar , Verma Ravi , Ahuja Vineet , Paul Jaishree
Published: August 2012

Background

Amebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica and the ingestion of quadrinucleate cyst of E. histolytica from fecally contaminated food or water initiates infection. Excystation occurs in the lumen of small intestine, where motile and potentially invasive trophozoites germinate from cysts. The ability of trophozoites to interact and digest gut bacteria is apparently important for multiplication of the parasite and its pathogenicity; however the contribution of resident bacterial flora is not well understood. We quantified the population of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Clostridium coccoides subgroup, Eubacterium, Campylobacter, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Sulphur reducing bacteria using genus specific primers in healthy (N = 22) vs amebic patients (E. histolytica positive, N = 17) stool samples by Real-time PCR.

Results

Absolute quantification of Bacteroides (p = .001), Closrtridium coccoides subgroup (p = 0.002), Clostridium leptum subgroup (p = 0.0001), Lactobacillus (p = 0.037), Campylobacter (p = 0.0014) and Eubacterium (p = 0.038) show significant drop in their population however, significant increase in Bifdobacterium (p = 0.009) was observed where as the population of Ruminococcus (p = 0.33) remained unaltered in healthy vs amebic patients (E. histolytica positive). We also report high prevalence of nimE gene in stool samples of both healthy volunteers and amebic patients. No significant decrease in nimE gene copy number was observed before and after the treatment with antiamebic drug.

Conclusions

Our results show significant alteration in predominant gut bacteria in E. histolytica infected individuals. The frequent episodes of intestinal amoebic dysentery thus result in depletion of few predominant genera in gut that may lead to poor digestion and absorption of food in intestine. It further disturbs the homeostasis between gut epithelium and bacterial flora. The decrease in beneficial bacterial population gives way to dysbiosis of gut bacteria which may contribute to final outcome of the disease. Increase in the copy number of nimE gene harboring bacteria in our population reflects possible decrease in the availability of metronidazole drug during treatment of amoebiasis.
What are patient factors associated with the quality of diabetes care?: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Ko Ki Dong , Kim Bo Hyun , Park Sang Min , In Oh Soo , Um Chun Sik , Shin Dong Wook , Lee Hae Won
Published: August 2012

Background

Recently there has been a growing interest in healthcare quality control in Korea. We examined the association between patient factors and quality indicators of diabetic care among Korean adults with diabetes.

Methods

We obtained a sample of 335 adults aged 20 or older diagnosed with diabetes from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Patient factors were divided into two categories: socioeconomic position and health-related factors. Quality indicators for diabetes care were defined as receiving preventive care services for diabetes complications (e.g., fundus examination, microalbuminuria examination, diabetes education) and diabetes-related clinical outcomes (e.g., HbA1c, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol). We performed multiple logistic regression analyses for each quality indicator.

Results

We found that people with lower education levels or shorter duration of diabetes illness were less likely to receive preventive care services for diabetes complications. Women or people with longer duration of diabetes were less likely to reach the glycemic target. Obese diabetic patients were less likely to accomplish adequate control of blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol.

Conclusions

Several factors of patients with diabetes, such as education level, duration of illness, gender, and obesity grade are associated with the quality of diabetes care. These findings can help inform policy makers about subpopulations at risk in developing a public health strategy in the future.
Comparing the analgesic effect of heat patch containing iron chip and ibuprofen for primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Navvabi Rigi Shahindokht , kermansaravi Fatihe , Navidian Ali , Safabakhsh Leila , Safarzadeh Ameneh , Khazaian Somaye , Shafie Shahla , Salehian Tahmineh
Published: August 2012

Background

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common and sometimes disabling condition. In recent years, some studies aimed to improve the treatment of dysmenorrhea, and therefore, introduced several therapeutic measures. This study was designed to compare the analgesic effect of iron chip containing heat wrap with ibuprofen for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

Methods

In this randomized (IRCT201107187038N2) controlled trial, 147 students (18–30 years old) with the diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea were enrolled considering the CONSORT guideline. Screening for primary dysmenorrhea was done by a two-question screening tool. The participants were randomly assigned into one of the intervention groups (heat Patch and ibuprofen). Data regarding the severity and emotional impact of the pain were recorded by a shortened version of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). Student's t test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

The maximum and minimum pain severities were observed at 2 and 24 hours in both groups. The severity of sensual pain at 8, 12, and 24 hours was non-significantly less in the heat Patch group. There was also no significant difference between the groups regarding the emotional impact of pain at the first 2, 4, 8, 12 and 12 hours of menstruation.

Conclusions

Heat patch containing Iron chip has comparable analgesic effects to ibuprofen and can possibly be used for primary dysmenorrhea.

Trial registration

IRCT201107187038N2
Using patients’ experiences to identify priorities for quality improvement in breast cancer care: patient narratives, surveys or both?
Authors: Tsianakas Vicki , Maben Jill , Wiseman Theresa , Robert Glenn , Richardson Alison , Madden Peter , Griffin Mairead , Davies Elizabeth A
Published: August 2012

Background

Patients’ experiences have become central to assessing the performance of healthcare systems worldwide and are increasingly being used to inform quality improvement processes. This paper explores the relative value of surveys and detailed patient narratives in identifying priorities for improving breast cancer services as part of a quality improvement process.

Methods

One dataset was collected using a narrative interview approach, (n = 13) and the other using a postal survey (n = 82). Datasets were analyzed separately and then compared to determine whether similar priorities for improving patient experiences were identified.

Results

There were both similarities and differences in the improvement priorities arising from each approach. Day surgery was specifically identified as a priority in the narrative dataset but included in the survey recommendations only as part of a broader priority around improving inpatient experience. Both datasets identified appointment systems, patients spending enough time with staff, information about treatment and side effects and more information at the end of treatment as priorities. The specific priorities identified by the narrative interviews commonly related to ‘relational’ aspects of patient experience. Those identified by the survey typically related to more ‘functional’ aspects and were not always sufficiently detailed to identify specific improvement actions.

Conclusions

Our analysis suggests that whilst local survey data may act as a screening tool to identify potential problems within the breast cancer service, they do not always provide sufficient detail of what to do to improve that service. These findings may have wider applicability in other services. We recommend using an initial preliminary survey, with better use of survey open comments, followed by an in-depth qualitative analysis to help deliver improvements to relational and functional aspects of patient experience.