bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Sport: A Systematic Review
Authors: Garraud Thomas , Pomares Germain , Daley Pauline , Menu Pierre , Dauty Marc , Fouasson-Chailloux Alban
Published: June 2022

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare and heterogeneous syndrome secondary to a compression of the neurovascular bundle in the thoracic outlet area. Muscle hypertrophy is recognized to induce vascular or neurogenic compression, especially in sports involving upper-arm solicitation. Athletes represent a distinctive population because of a specific management due to an ambitious objective, which is returning to high-level competition. We evaluated the scientific literature available for the management of TOS in athletes. Article research extended to March 2021 without other restriction concerning the date of articles publication. The search was performed independently by two assessors. A first preselection based on the article titles was produced, regarding their availability in English or French and a second preselection was produced after reading the abstracts. In case of doubt, a third assessor’s advice was asked. Case reports were selected only if the sport involved was documented, as well as the level of practice. Cohorts were included if data about the number and the sport level of athletes were detailed. Seventy-eight articles were selected including 40 case reports, 10 clinical studies and 28 reviews of literature. Baseball pitchers seem to be highly at risk of developing a TOS. The surgical management appears particularly frequent in this specific population. The prognosis of TOS in athletes seems to be better than in the general population, possibly due to their better physical condition and their younger age. Some studies showed interesting and encouraging results concerning return to previous sport level. Literature shows a strong link between TOS and certain sports. Unfortunately, this syndrome still lacks rigorous diagnostic criteria and management guidelines for athletes.
Access to Cleaning Services Alters Fish Physiology Under Parasite Infection and Ocean Acidification
Authors: Paula José Ricardo , Repolho Tiago , Grutter Alexandra S. , Rosa Rui
Published: June 2022

Cleaning symbioses are key mutualistic interactions where cleaners remove ectoparasites and tissues from client fishes. Such interactions elicit beneficial effects on clients’ ecophysiology, with cascading effects on fish diversity and abundance. Ocean acidification (OA), resulting from increasing CO2 concentrations, can affect the behavior of cleaner fishes making them less motivated to inspect their clients. This is especially important as gnathiid fish ectoparasites are tolerant to ocean acidification. Here, we investigated how access to cleaning services, performed by the cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus, affect individual client’s (damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis) aerobic metabolism in response to both experimental parasite infection and OA. Access to cleaning services was modulated using a long-term removal experiment where cleaner wrasses were consistently removed from patch reefs around Lizard Island (Australia) for 17 years or left undisturbed. Only damselfish with access to cleaning stations had a negative metabolic response to parasite infection (maximum metabolic rate—ṀO2Max; and both factorial and absolute aerobic scope). Moreover, after an acclimation period of 10 days to high CO2 (∼1,000 µatm CO2), the fish showed a decrease in factorial aerobic scope, being the lowest in fish without the access to cleaners. We propose that stronger positive selection for parasite tolerance might be present in reef fishes without the access to cleaners, but this might come at a cost, as readiness to deal with parasites can impact their response to other stressors, such as OA.
Innate Variability in Physiological and Omics Aspects of the Beta Thalassemia Trait-Specific Donor Variation Effects
Authors: Anastasiadi Alkmini T. , Tzounakas Vassilis L. , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Arvaniti Vasiliki-Zoi , Papageorgiou Effie G. , Papassideri Issidora S. , Stamoulis Konstantinos , D’Alessandro Angelo , Kriebardis Anastasios G. , Antonelou Marianna H.
Published: June 2022

The broad spectrum of beta-thalassemia (βThal) mutations may result in mild reduction (β++), severe reduction (β+) or complete absence (β0) of beta-globin synthesis. βThal heterozygotes eligible for blood donation are “good storers” in terms of red blood cell (RBC) fragility, proteostasis and redox parameters of storage lesion. However, it has not been examined if heterogeneity in genetic backgrounds among βThal-trait donors affects their RBC storability profile. For this purpose, a paired analysis of physiological and omics parameters was performed in freshly drawn blood and CPD/SAGM-stored RBCs donated by eligible volunteers of β++ (N = 4), β+ (N = 9) and β0 (N = 2) mutation-based phenotypes. Compared to β+, β++ RBCs were characterized by significantly lower RDW and HbA2 but higher hematocrit, MCV and NADPH levels in vivo. Moreover, they had lower levels of reactive oxygen species and markers of oxidative stress, already from baseline. Interestingly, their lower myosin and arginase membrane levels were accompanied by increased cellular fragility and arginine values. Proteostasis markers (proteasomal activity and/or chaperoning-protein membrane-binding) seem to be also diminished in β++ as opposed to the other two phenotypic groups. Overall, despite the low number of samples in the sub-cohorts, it seems that the second level of genetic variability among the group of βThal-trait donors is reflected not only in the physiological features of RBCs in vivo, but almost equally in their storability profiles. Mutations that only slightly affect the globin chain equilibrium direct RBCs towards phenotypes closer to the average control, at least in terms of fragility indices and proteostatic dynamics.
Genome-Wide Characterization of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Genes in Daucus carota: Novel Insights Into Structure, Expression, and Binding Interaction With Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Under Abiotic Stress Condition
Authors: Zameer Roshan , Fatima Kinza , Azeem Farrukh , ALgwaiz Hussah I. M. , Sadaqat Muhammad , Rasheed Asima , Batool Riffat , Shah Adnan Noor , Zaynab Madiha , Shah Anis Ali , Attia Kotb A. , AlKahtani Muneera D. F. , Fiaz Sajid
Published: June 2022

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins are important antioxidant enzymes that help plants to grow, develop, and respond to a variety of abiotic stressors. SOD gene family has been identified in a number of plant species but not yet in Daucus carota. A total of 9 DcSOD genes, comprising 2 FeSODs, 2 MnSODs, and 5 Cu/ZnSODs, are identified in the complete genome of D. carota, which are dispersed in five out of nine chromosomes. Based on phylogenetic analysis, SOD proteins from D. carota were categorized into two main classes (Cu/ZnSODs and MnFeSODs). It was predicted that members of the same subgroups have the same subcellular location. The phylogenetic analysis was further validated by sequence motifs, exon–intron structure, and 3D protein structures, with each subgroup having a similar gene and protein structure. Cis-regulatory elements responsive to abiotic stresses were identified in the promoter region, which may contribute to their differential expression. Based on RNA-seq data, tissue-specific expression revealed that DcCSD2 had higher expression in both xylem and phloem. Moreover, DcCSD2 was differentially expressed in dark stress. All SOD genes were subjected to qPCR analysis after cold, heat, salt, or drought stress imposition. SODs are antioxidants and play a critical role in removing reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). DcSODs were docked with H2O2 to evaluate their binding. The findings of this study will serve as a basis for further functional insights into the DcSOD gene family.
Characterizing Risk of In-Hospital Mortality Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Using Machine Learning: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Deng Jiewen , He Zhaohui
Published: June 2022

Background

Subarachnoid hemorrhage has a high rate of disability and mortality, and the ability to use existing disease severity scores to estimate the risk of adverse outcomes is limited. Collect relevant information of patients during hospitalization to develop more accurate risk prediction models, using logistic regression (LR) and machine learning (ML) technologies, combined with biochemical information.

Methods

Patient-level data were extracted from MIMIC-IV data. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The models were trained and tested on a data set (ratio 70:30) including age and key past medical history. The recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm was used to screen the characteristic variables; then, the ML algorithm was used to analyze and establish the prediction model, and the validation set was used to further verify the effectiveness of the model.

Result

Of the 1,787 patients included in the mimic database, a total of 379 died during hospitalization. Recursive feature abstraction (RFE) selected 20 variables. After simplification, we determined 10 features, including the Glasgow coma score (GCS), glucose, sodium, chloride, SPO2, bicarbonate, temperature, white blood cell (WBC), heparin use, and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. The validation set and Delong test showed that the simplified RF model has a high AUC of 0.949, which is not significantly different from the best model. Furthermore, in the DCA curve, the simplified GBM model has relatively higher net benefits. In the subgroup analysis of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, the simplified GBM model has a high AUC of 0.955 and relatively higher net benefits.

Conclusions

ML approaches significantly enhance predictive discrimination for mortality following subarachnoid hemorrhage compared to existing illness severity scores and LR. The discriminative ability of these ML models requires validation in external cohorts to establish generalizability.
Modified Laparoscopic Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Large Renal Hilar Angiomyolipoma: Dual-Center Experience
Authors: Yang ZeSong , Wang Fang , Lin Deng , Li Qiuyan , Hong Yun , Hu Minxiong , Zhang Dahong , Ye Liefu
Published: June 2022

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate a potential successful strategy for treating large renal hilar angiomyolipoma (RHAML) during the procedure of laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery (NSS).

Methods

The total study population includes 12 patients with large RHAMLs who underwent laparoscopic NSS in the Department of Urology of Fujian Provincial hospital and People’s Hospital of Zhejiang, ranging from January 2016 to March 2020. The perioperative variables, intraoperative procedures, and postprocedure complications were all recorded. Three months later, all patients returned to the hospital to check their postoperative recovery by reviewing the computed tomography urography (CTU) image. In the follow-up, patients were asked to have their review by CT or color doppler ultrasound every year.

Results

Laparoscopic NSS was successfully performed in all patients. The average operation time was 113.33 ± 33.39 min; the intraoperative blood loss was about 137.50 ± 91.17 ml; the warm ischemia time was 25.25 ± 4.88 min; the drainage tube extubation time was 4.58 ± 2.07 days; and the hospital stay time was 6.42 ± 1.78 days. The average follow-up time was 14.58 ± 9.18 months. After 3 months, all CTU images showed an unobstructed urinary tract in the patient, and no tumor recurrence was found. In addition, no patients had renal atrophy and urine extravasation during follow-up.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic NSS for RHAML is complex and technically demanding, but good surgical design and operation can achieve satisfactory surgical results. Modified laparoscopic NSS was a beneficial technique and may provide a reference for treating patients with RHAML.
Modern biomedical applications of graphene
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Rizk Marko George Halim , Shehata Fakhry Mekhaeel Shehata Fakhry Mekhaeel ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Elmanakhly Mohammed Emam ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Oreif Eslam Shaaban Mohamed Ghazi ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Published: June 2022

Since the discovery of graphene and its derivatives in 2004, they are one of the most promising materials because of their broad potential applications in several fields, industrial, agricultural, biotechnological, biomedical, tissue engineering and many other areas. Graphene has unique two-dimensional planar structure, exceptional physical — chemical nature, great biocompatibility and novel electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties that lead to many potential applications. In this review, we present an overview of modern biomedical applications of graphene with a special attention to drug delivery, gene delivery, cancer therapy, biosensing, antibacterial materials and scaffold for cell culture.
The results of the SOGAZ-Med participation in the national projects «Healthcare» and «Demography»
Authors:   Insurance Company SOGAZ-Med, Chumenko Nikolay Leonidovich
Published: June 2022

SOGAZ-Med sums up the results of its activities in the implementation of the national projects «Healthcare» and «Demography» for 2021.
The role of MRI diagnostics of non-specific spondylitis
Authors:   National Center for Rehabilitation and Prosthetics of the Disabled, Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Sattarov Alisher Rakhimovich , Sh. E. Abdiev Sh. E. Abdiev ,   Disabled, Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Kobilov A. O. ,   National Center for Rehabilitation and Prosthetics of the Disabled, Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Saidov Sohib Saidmurodovich ,   National Center for Rehabilitation and Prosthetics of the Disabled, Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Boimurodov Gulomjon Abdugaffarovich ,   National Center for Rehabilitation and Prosthetics of the Disabled, Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: June 2022

Non-specific purulent-inflammatory lesions of the spine are rather difficult to diagnose and severe diseases. The demand for the problems of diagnosis and treatment of Non-specific purulent-inflammatory lesions is explained by the increase in the incidence of this pathology, the emergence of new antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms, the severity of the disease and poor treatment outcomes. The review considers in detail the following vertebral infections: spondylodiscitis and epiduritis. Based on literature data, the authors thoroughly studied and described the etiology, clinical picture and diagnosis of these diseases. Thoroughly covered in the work are modern methods of diagnosing spondylodiscitis and epiduritis: laboratory, radiation methods: spondylography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, scintigraphy, positron emission tomography of the spine and biopsy data. Detailed description of modern methods of conservative and surgical treatment. Particular attention is paid to the technique of surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis and epiduritis.
Modern epidemiological features of viral hepatitis and tuberculosis in the psychiatric hospital
Authors:   SBHI Samara Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Ovchinnikova Oksana Vladimirovna , Sinitsyna Elena Mikhailovna ,   SBHI Samara Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Kuznetsova Irina Pavlovna ,   SBHI Samara Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the statistical data on the activities of twenty medical departments of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «SRCPH». Results. The data of the clinical picture and clinical and laboratory studies of patients were studied; case histories were monitored, anamnesis data were studied; analyzed the gender, age and social characteristics of patients with the presence of markers of HB and HC viruses; the modern epidemiological features of parenteral hepatitis among various categories of patients with mental disorders, including those with pulmonary tuberculosis, were studied. Conclusion. Preventive programs created in hospitals should take into account the aspects of comorbidity. The need for specific and nonspecific prevention of viral hepatitis is shown.
Unified tax payment: main features
Authors:   nstitute of Law and Management, Moscow City University. Moscow, Shinkareva O.V. , Orlova A.O. ,   Institute of Law and Management, Moscow City University. Moscow
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the introduction in the Russian Federation of a new procedure for paying mandatory payments to the budget by organizations and individual entrepreneurs — the features of the introduction of a unified tax payment were investigated. The Federal Law 29.11.2021 № 379-FZ “On Amendments to Part One of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation” was analyzed, which introduces the concept of “single tax payment” and makes changes for business entities in the issue of transferring tax payments. The terms of transition to this payment, the sequence and features of the set-off of funds for various taxes, as well as the possibility of returning funds with excessive transfer of funds, are disclosed. Examples of distribution of unified tax payments for various taxes and procedure for sending mandatory notifications to the inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service are given.
Infological model of accounting and analytical support for investment project management
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Polyanin Alexander Evgenievich
Published: June 2022

Information used to manage investment projects, like most management information, requires collection, registration, accumulation, processing, storage and use. The article presents the author’s vision of the formation of an infological model of accounting and analytical support for investment project management, by building harmonious targeted flows of external and internal information based on the relationship of the external environment and data sources at the input and the need to inform society about the results obtained at the output, actively using for this toolkit of financial and managerial (operational and strategic) accounting, audit, analysis, taking into account the peculiarities of investment project management.
BABALARIN DOĞUM DENEYİMLERİ: SİSTEMATİK DERLEME
Authors: BAŞKURT Pelin , İLDAN ÇALIM Selda
Published: June 2022

Babaların doğuma katılması ebeveynliğe geçişini kolaylaştıran, eşi ve bebeğiyle etkileşimini arttıran önemli bir olaydır. Babaların doğumda yaşadığı deneyimlerin bilinmesi, doğuma katılmak isteyen diğer babalar ve ebelik bakımı için oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, doğuma katılan babaların deneyimleri ile ilgili yapılmış araştırmaların sonuçlarını sunmaktır. Sistematik derleme niteliğinde olan bu çalışma Kasım 2019-Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında “Father’s birth experiences, experiences of parents, experiences of parents at childbirth” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak Science Direct, Pubmed, Google scholar veri tabanı taranarak yapılmıştır. İngilizce olarak yayınlanmış, doğuma katılan babaların doğum deneyimlerini içeren, tam metin erişime açık 17 araştırma çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Babaların doğumda korku, sinirlilik, çaresizlik, şaşkınlık, endişe ve huzursuzluk duygularının yanında heyecan, gurur ve mutluluk gibi duygular yaşadığı bulunmuştur. Doğum öncesi eğitim alma, doğum sürecinde bilgilendirilme, destekleyici rol ve sorumluluk alma, evde doğum ve vajinal doğumlarda ebe desteği babaların doğum deneyimini pozitif yönde etkilemiştir. Babaların doğumda yaşadığı olumsuz duygularla başa çıkabilmesi, eşine yeterince destek verebilmesi ve olumlu doğum deneyimi için ebelerin rolünün önemli olduğu vurgulanmıştır.
EBELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN BEBEK DOSTU HASTANE KURUMU UYGULAMALARINA YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞ VE DENEYİMLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: EKŞİOĞLU Aysun , YEŞİL Yeşim , TURFAN Esın
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışma ile ebelik öğrencilerinin hastanelerde bebek dostu uygulamalara yönelik düşünce ve deneyimlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma tanımlayıcı özellikte olup, Mayıs- Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında uygulanmış, 255 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, anket formu kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Analizde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve ki-kare analizi kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin %70’i uygulama yaptığı kurumun bebek dostu olduğunu bilmektedir. Öğrencilerin % 55.3’ü emzirme danışmanlığı konusunda kendisini yeterli hissetmektedir. Bebek dostu hastane girişimi ve on adım ilkesi konusunda yaklaşık %20’si; mama kodu konusunda ise %62.4’ü zayıf bilgi düzeyine sahiptir. Araştırmamızın sonuçları, gerek öğrencilerin bebek dostu uygulamalar konusunda eğitim yoluyla giderilebilecek eksikliklerinin belirlenmesi, gerekse de klinikte var olan aksaklıklara ışık tutması bakımından yararlı olmuştur. Sağlık alanında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin bebek dostu hastanelerde staj yapması ve bu uygulamaların içinde olması, emzirme dostu uygulamaları benimsemeleri açısından son derece önemli bir fırsat dönemidir.
SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARI AÇISINDAN PALYATİF BAKIM HİZMETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİNE YÖNELİK ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: SARIHAN Mucize , ÖZTÜRK Dilek , YURDAKOŞ Kürşat
Published: June 2022

Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de palyatif bakım hizmetlerinin sağlık personeli (doktor, hemşire, yardımcı hemşire, tekniker psikolog, fizyoterapist,) açısından değerlendirilmesine yönelik ölçek geliştirilmesidir. Sarıhan (2020) tarafından yapılan araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, belirlenen amaçlar doğrultusunda analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada nicel yöntem uygulanmış ve ölçek geliştirme çalışması yapılmıştır. Sağlık çalışanlarının değerlendirdiği 24 maddelik “palyatif bakım Yönetim Yeterlilik” anketleri iki aşamalı olarak uygulanmıştır. Tuzla Devlet Hastanesi ve İstanbul Okan Üniversitesi Hastanesi Palyatif Bakım Kliniğinde görev yapan çalışanlar üzerinde pilot uygulamayı takiben ölçeğin kararlılık düzeylerini belirlemek üzere 2. uygulama yapılmıştır. Çalışmada “Palyatif Bakım Yönetim Yeterlilik” ölçeğinin geçerliği çerçevesinde yapı geçerliği, madde-toplam korelasyonları, düzeltilmiş korelasyonları ve madde ayırt edicilikleri incelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda toplamda 9 madde atılmıştır. Ölçek, “Yönetim ve Tedavinin Etkinliği”, “Fiziki Şartlar, Malzeme ve Çalışma Koşullarının Uygunluğu”, “Hastanın Kişisel Bakımı” olmak üzere 3 faktör 15 madde olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde (DFA) önerilen üç faktörlü modelin veri ile uyumlu ve kabul edilebilir olduğu bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin Cronbach’s Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı α=0.874 ile ölçeğin tutarlı ölçümler yapabildiği görülmüştür. Palyatif bakım kliniklerinin çalışanlar açısından yönetsel anlamda değerlendirilmesi üzerine ölçek geliştirilmiş ve literatüre kazandırılmıştır.
SEÇİCİ LAZER ERİTME İLE YAPILAN ÜRETİMDE LAZER GÜCÜ VE TABAKALAMA KALINLIĞI PARAMETRELERİNİN ÇEKME KUVVETİ VE KOPMA UZAMASI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: LEBLEBİCİOĞLU İkbal , KILIÇ Kerem , AYATA Mustafa
Published: June 2022

Diş hekimliği alanında eklemeli üretim yöntemlerinden en yaygın kullanıma sahip olanı seçici lazer eritme sistemidir (SLM). Kobalt-krom (Co-Cr) alaşımlı tozların imalatı için SLM sistemlerinin popülerliği gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı lazer sinterleme yöntemi ile üretilen Co-Cr metal altyapıların üretim sürecinde lazer gücü ve tabakalama kalınlığı parametrelerinin değiştirilmesinin, metal altyapının çekme mukavemeti ve kopma uzamasına etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Dambıl şekilli toplamda 120 adet numune 3 mm çapında ve 18 mm uzunluğunda üretilmiştir. Numuneler farklı tabakalama kalınlıklarında, farklı lazer güçleri altında üretilmiştir. 20 ve 30 µm tabakalama kalınlıkları için 50-200 lazer gücü arasında değişen 4 farklı lazer gücü TruPrint 1000 lazer metal füzyon sistemiyle üretilmiş ve mekanik özellikleri çekme testiyle test edilmiştir. Normal dağılıma uygunluk Shapiro-Wilk testi ile incelendi. Lazer gücü ve tabakalama kalınlığı etkilerinin ve etkileşiminin çekme mukavemeti ve kopma uzaması değerleri üzerine etkilerini incelemek için İki-yönlü ANOVA yöntemi kullanıldı ve çoklu karşılaştırmalar Bonferroni testiyle gerçekleştirildi.SLM üretim sürecinde lazer gücü ve tabakalama kalınlığının değişimi mekanik özellikleri kısmen etkilemektedir. Lazer gücü ve tabakalama kalınlığı çekme mukavemetini, lazer gücü kopma uzamasını etkilerken tabakalama kalınlığının kopma uzamasına etkisi anlamlı bulunmamıştır.
Introducción:
Authors: Loza Nicolás , Plancarte Escobar Rafael
Published: June 2022

El enfoque de la elección racional es sólo uno de los enfoques y teorías que compiten en la explicación del rompecabezas social. Este enfoque ha logrado avances significativos en la ciencia política y la sociología. Como todo enfoque o teoría, la elección racional tiende a resaltar algunos aspectos de la realidad y a ocultar otros. Las principales críticas al enfoque apuntan a que es ahistórico, a que deja de lado la cultura y las estructuras, a su excesivo interés por el progreso teórico, y a la excesiva capacidad racional atribuida al actor. Debido a que este enfoque se mantiene como una de las perspectivas más influyentes en las ciencias sociales, el cuarto número de RELASP pretende renovar la discusión sobre la investigación inspirada por la elección racional.
Teachers’ Ontology-based Reasoning for Assessment in Student-centered Learning Environments
Authors: Bergner Yoav , Chen Ofer
Published: June 2022

We present an exploratory study on the use of ontologies for student assessment during a focus group with teachers in student-centered learning environments. The work is framed by a theoretical argument about coherence between instructional values and assessment systems, and how this may be achieved through a ‘community of judgment’ with teachers at the center. The purpose of the study was to understand the process and perceived usefulness of collaborative ontology development, at a narrative and conceptual level without grades or detailed probabilistic relationships. Findings of two kinds are discussed. First, we identified a set of framework-building moves used by teachers during ontology-based reasoning. Second, we present evidence that participants perceived the ontology development process to be useful and empowering in sharpening their ability to communicate nuanced assessment arguments.
Hidden Costs: COVID-19’s Disproportionate Impact on Underrepresented Groups in Online Computing Education
Authors: Lyndgaard Sibley Frances , Tatel Corey , Kanfer Ruth , Melkers Julia , Sabree Justin
Published: June 2022

Lyndgaard, S. F., Tatel, C. E., Kanfer, R., Melkers, J. E., & Sabree, J. C., (2022) Hidden Costs: COVID-19’s Disproportionate Impact on Underrepresented Groups in Online Computing Education. Computer-Based Learning in Context, 4 (1), 16-37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6616493 The disruptive effects of the COVID pandemic on vulnerable and/or minority demographic groups among 1) student populations and 2) persons employed in low wage sectors are well-established. This study examined whether disparity in the disruptive effects of the pandemic extend to adult learners employed in “bright prospect” sectors (e.g., computing and information technology). Survey results from a sample of 989 employees enrolled in an online Masters of Science in Computer Science program during the onset of COVID-19 revealed significant disparate impacts to work and learning as a function of age, race, and psycho-social factors (e.g., social support). The findings show that disparity in the effects of the pandemic transcend wage to affect the education and professional development of persons engaged in knowledge-based occupations. While results are based on the experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, they provide observations and implications for navigating ongoing and future disruptive events. Specifically, results highlight the value of a ‘whole-person’ approach to more precisely identify the pathways by which these disruptive effects occur, particularly in the context of career development. At the institutional level, interventions to support adult learners through disruption should incorporate such an approach. Because continuous professional learning is critical for career advancement in knowledge-based sectors, the findings have implications for improving participation and mobility of underrepresented groups in computing and related fields.
ВОЛОНТЕРСТВО ЯК СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ ФЕНОМЕН: ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ
Authors: Поліщук Наталія
Published: June 2022

У статті здійснено термінологічний аналіз волонтерства, волонтерської діяльності як соціально-педагогічного феномену. Здійснений поняттєво-термінологічний аналіз свідчить про відсутність серед науковців єдиного підходу до визначення поняття «волонтер», «волонтерство», «волонтерська діяльність», «волонтерська організація».

Автором потрактовано волонтерську діяльність як соціально-педагогічний феномен, ефективний засіб соціалізації, соціального становлення особистості, студентської молоді як окремої соціально-демографічної групи суспільства, що вирізняється за сукупністю вікових та психофізіологічних особливостей, від рівня здоров’я якої залежить не лише якість їхнього власного життя, а й якість майбутньої професійної діяльності. Виокремлено основні риси волонтера, шляхи проведення волонтерської діяльності, основні напрями роботи студентських волонтерських груп відповідно до мети та основних завдань соціально-педагогічної діяльності окремої державної чи неурядової організації.
Bacterial Cellulose/Chitosan Hydrogels Synthesized In situ for Biomedical Application
Authors: Emeka Arikibe Joachim , Lata Roselyn , Rohindra David
Published: June 2022

Objective: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer whose application has been limited due to the difficulty to introduce modifiable functional groups onto its network. The present study introduces new functional groups from chitosan (Chs) by in-situ method and further modified by crosslinking with genipin (Gp), a non-toxic agent. Methodology and Results: Bacterial cellulose-chitosan (BC-Chs) hydrogels were synthesized insitu, dried, immersed in genipin (Gp) solution to yield BC-Chs crosslinked hydrogel (BC-Chs-Gp) and characterized. The presence of amide 1 and II and crosslinking with genipin was revealed by FT-IR and SEM showed BC-Chs-Gp had a compact fibril network. Low tensile strength, less swelling ratio and moisture were exhibited by BC-Chs-Gp due to crosslinking. Hydrogels were active against E. coli and S. aureus. In vitro drug release studies of hydrogels using quetiapine fumarate followed the Higuchi model with a super case II transport mechanism and non-Fickian for BC-Chs-Gp. Conclusion and Application of findings. The present study utilized non-pathogenic bacteria, G. Xylinus and a natural resource (coconut) to obtain non-toxic and biocompatible hydrogels. BCChs hydrogels were prepared by simple and direct in-situ method by the introduction of Chs onto the growing network of BC and subsequently crosslinked using genipin by ex-situ modification method. The properties of the hydrogels in term of swelling ratio, moisture content, tensile strength, antibacterial activity, and their controlled drug release ability make them suitable for potential application in biomedicine, especially in transdermal patches as wound dressing and wound healing agents. Keywords: Bacterial cellulose; Chitosan; Genipin; Biocompatibility; mechanical properties.
Studi Sarana Prasarana Keselamatan Dan Keamanan Wisatawan Pada Destinasi Wisata Pantai Parangtritis Dan Pantai Baron Tahun 2021
Authors: Arianto Machfudz Eko , Saptadi Julian Dwi , Rifai Muchamad
Published: June 2022

Pengunjung wisata pantai selalu mengalami peningkatan setiap tahun. Peningkatan tersebut menyebabkan pemerintah terus meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana, seperti meningkatkan kualitas jalan raya, sarana prasarana keselamatan dan keamanan aktivitas laut serta keadaan darurat. Pantai Parangtritis dan Pantai Baron merupakan destinasi wisata yang sangat populer di Yogyakarta, aktivitas yang dapat dinikmati yaitu berenang dan aneka jasa wisata. Aktivitas ditempat wisata mempunyai risiko bahaya bagi wisatawan yang dapat berdampak pada keselamatan dan keamanan. Untuk itu perlu didukung dengan sarana prasarana yang menunjang keselamatan dan keamanan pada destinasi wisata tersebut agar risiko yang ada dapat diminimalisir. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kesesuaian sarana prasarana keselamatan dan keamanan wisatawan pada destinasi wisata Pantai Parangtritis dan Pantai Baron dengan pedoman acuan.   Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif sedangkan untuk metode pengumpulan data di lakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara pada pengelola. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah peneliti sendiri dengan menggunakan bantuan lembar observasi lapangan. Terdapat 4 pedoman acuan yang digunakan yaitu UU No. 22 Tahun 2009 Tentang Lalu Lintas, Australian Coastal Public Safety Guidelines 2007 tentang keselamatan pantai, Pedoman Perencanaan Jalur dan Rambu Evakuasi Tsunami BNPB 2014, serta pedoman Asosiasi Toilet Indonesia 2016. Hasil penelitian yaitu: Sarana prasarana keselamatan lalu lintas wisata pantai Parangtrtis dan Pantai Baron telah sesuai dengan UU No. 22 Tahun 2009 Tentang Lalu Lintas, namun beberapa masih perlu perbaikan. Sarana prasarana keselamatan dan keamanan Pantai Parangtrtis dan Pantai Baron telah sesuai dengan pedoman Australian Coastal Public Safety Guidelines 2007, kecuali warna seragam, bendera keselamatan pantai, pelampung pembatas, dan tas pinggang P3K. Kemudian sarana prasarana keselamatan bencana tsunami di Pantai Parangtritis dan Pantai Baron telah sesuai dengan standar Pedoman Perencanaan Jalur dan Rambu Evakuasi Tsunami BNPB 2014. Sarana prasarana fasilitas umum toilet di Pantai Parangtritis dan Pantai Baron telah sesuai dengan Standar Asosiasi Toilet Indonesia 2016.
The Effect of Perceived Characteristics of DOI and Technology Adoption on SMEs Performance in Malaysia
Authors:   Graduate School of Business. Universiti Sains Malaysia., Shanmugam* Jaya Kumar , Ping Teoh Ai ,   Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia., Thuraisamy Ramayah ,   School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to investigate the impact of perceived characteristics on Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) and few other factors through information technology (IT) adoption on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) performance. This paper summarized and synthesized relevant literature and mainly contributed to the Diffusion of Innovation theory. Other than the perceived characteristics of Diffusion of Innovation, the literature on organizational image, technology readiness, and organizational awareness were explored in relation to IT adoption to enhance SMEs performance. The outcome of this paper would inform especially on Malaysian researchers to further analyze the theory of Diffusion of Innovation on SME context. Organizational image, technology readiness, and organizational awareness are the eye opener for future researchers to explore more on these issues. It was proposed that, a questionnaire to be distribute among manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia and the data is analyze using Smart PLS. It is expected that the perceived characteristic of diffusion of innovation, organizational image, technology readiness, and organizational awareness are the factors to be considered in information technology adoption to enhance SMEs performance.
Technical Efficiency of Broiler Contract Growers in Chegutu District of Zimbabwe: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Authors: Zimunya Kennedy Tapiwa , Dube Lighton
Published: June 2022

Zimbabwe has witnessed a steady growth in broiler contract farming post the land reform programme which has brought in new players for which little is known about their level of productivity when compared to traditional commercial broiler producers. The purpose of this study was to determine the technical efficiency of broiler contract growers in Chegutu district of Zimbabwe. Specific objectives for the study were to establish socio-economic characteristics of boiler contract growers, estimate their technical efficiency and establish the determinants of technical efficiency. A population of 54 growers under one contract farming arrangement was studied. Cross sectional data was collected using a structured questionnaire and the stochastic frontier analysis was used to analyse the technical efficiencies and the determinants of technical efficiency. Broiler contract farming is dominated by male growers who constitute 72% of the contracted farmers. Significant factors influencing output were found to be batch size, feed quantity and transport cost. The broiler contract growers were found to be highly efficient with a mean technical efficiency of 97.1% ranging from 88.9%-99.6%. Grower residence on the farm and grower management of daily operations were found to significantly reduce technical inefficiency while technical inefficiency increases with grower age and key employee experience. The study recommends that there is need to expand broiler contract farming as it is highly efficient. The government must also put in place measures that encourage young smallholder farmers to venture into broiler contract farming as they are more efficient when compared to older farmers. Measures should also be put in place to encourage more female farmers to venture into broiler contract farming.
ANÁLISE DE IMPACTO REGULATÓRIO E PREVENÇÃO DA CORRUPÇÃO: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO SOBRE A AIR NO BRASIL
Authors: Saab Flavio , de Almeida Midlej e Silva Suylan
Published: June 2022

A prática de corrupção é um dos efeitos indesejados que podem ocorrer em políticas regulatórias. Quando o governo desenvolve regulações, há o risco de que regras, subsídios ou contratos sejam estabelecidos em favorecimento de determinados grupos, em troca de vantagens aos reguladores. Para inibir a ocorrência de corrupção, a Análise de Impacto Regulatório – AIR pode funcionar como uma barreira para o funcionamento de estruturas regulatórias corruptas. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é explorar possibilidades sobre como a AIR pode contribuir com a prevenção da corrupção. Para alcançar este objetivo, investigou-se o mecanismo da AIR adotado no Brasil, por meio de pesquisa documental. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a AIR pode ser útil na prevenção da corrupção e indicaram algumas medidas que podem ser adotadas por instituições públicas com vistas a tornar a AIR ainda mais efetiva para este propósito.
A transparência passiva nos maiores municípios brasileiros passados dez anos da Lei de Acesso à Informação
Authors: Raupp Fabiano Maury
Published: June 2022

O objetivo inicial do artigo é analisar a transparência passiva de prefeituras dos maiores municípios brasileiros passados dez anos da Lei de Acesso à Informação. O segundo objetivo é comparar os resultados da pesquisa em tela com os resultados do estudo publicado na Revista Contemporânea de Contabilidade em 2016. O estudo é caracterizado como descritivo, realizado a partir de uma pesquisa documental, com abordagem predominantemente qualitativa. O objeto empírico refere-se às prefeituras dos maiores municípios brasileiros, considerados aqueles com população superior a 100.000 habitantes. A coleta de dados centrou-se na formulação e envio de um único e igual pedido de informação para 326 prefeituras. Os dados foram tabulados por meio de planilhas eletrônicas e analisados pela técnica da análise descritiva. Ainda prevalece a realidade de prefeituras que descumprem a legislação e, por consequência, não contribuem para a transparência passiva. Tal descumprimento ocorre por problemas de tecnologia e por ausência de retorno à solicitação realizada. São prefeituras intransparentes e estão presentes, em ambos os estudos (2016, 2021), na maioria dos municípios investigados. O estudo empreendido proporciona à área de conhecimento contribuições nas perspectivas teórica e prática. Em termos teóricos, o estudo se junta a um pequeno grupo de trabalhos já desenvolvidos sobre o tema, demonstrando, de um lado, a incipiência do campo neste sentido, e de outro, a necessidade que se coloque em prática uma agenda de pesquisa nesta direção. De forma prática, traz uma realidade atual do exercício, ou da falta dele, da transparência passiva pelas prefeituras dos maiores municípios brasileiros.
The adoption of digital technology for South Africa’s 2021 municipal elections, and prospects for the future
Authors: Mathe Limukani
Published: June 2022

This article / study reflects on the digital technologies and online processes adopted for conducting South Africa’s 2021 municipal elections, and the degree to which this encourages the future use of additional digital technologies. It utilises theoretical perceptions of politics and technology to analyse the perspectives of politicians, IEC officials and voters. It discusses the Independent Electoral Commission’s (IEC) use of voter management devices (VMDs) and online voter facilities, which resolved the perennial challenge of double voting. It shows that, due to COVID-19, voter apathy and possibly manual voting, the voter turnout was low. It argues that technological progress made during the 2021 municipal elections should be used to suppress fears over the consequences of electronic voting. Limited access to the internet and electricity blackouts continue to limit the use of digital technology and online process in managing South African elections. However, the IEC could adopt parallel e-voting and manual voting processes, as it did successfully for voter registration during the 2021 municipal elections.
current and potential role of blockchain-based technology in managing medical records in Africa
Authors: Niyitunga Eric Blanco
Published: June 2022

Accurate and well-managed medical records play a major role in high-quality health care. They are a valuable asset that allows hospitals to treat patients in an effective and efficient way. They also play an important role in health care governance, providing evidence in court cases between patients and hospitals. However, in Africa, medical records are not given much academic attention. Good record-keeping has been hampered by a poor management, as well as a lack of trained personnel who understand how to record and keep these records. This study is aimed at exploring the utilisation of blockchain technology in improving medial records at African hospitals. The reserach is qualitative, comprising desktop research of secondary material and its analysis. It finds that poor medical records in hospitals contribute to the prevalence of disease in African countries, which results in funds that could be invested in development projects being diverted to health care instead. It also shows that 4IR, specifically blockchain-based technology, could play a significant role in the management of medical records in Africa. It could help staff to capture and maintain more accurate medial records, and ensure their security and longevity. Moreover, it could improve access to medical records for all health practitioners. Patients could also access their records, thus helping them to evaluate and manage their own health.
Weathering State and Local Budget Storms: Fiscal Federalism with an Uncooperative Congress
Authors: Gamage David , Shanske Darien , Shobe Gladriel , Thimmesch Adam
Published: June 2022

Throughout most of 2020, state and local governments faced severe budget crises as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased demand for state welfare services and rising state expenses related to controlling the spread of COVID-19 stretched state and local budgets to their breaking points. At the same time, layoffs, business closures, and social distancing measures reduced states’ primary sources of tax revenues. The traditional practice of American fiscal federalism is for the federal government to step in to provide aid during a national emergency of this magnitude, because state and local governments lack the federal government’s monetary and fiscal powers. But during the 2020 national emergency, the majority coalition in control of Congress was skeptical of this traditional practice, leaving federal aid limited and insufficient.

Late in the day, and after a change of Presidents and in partisan control of the Senate, the federal government did eventually step in to provide substantial aid to state and local governments at the beginning of 2021. But, during 2020, it was not at all clear that this would occur. Regardless, due to heightened partisan polarization and related factors, it seems highly likely that future national emergencies will occur during times in which the federal government is again controlled by a majority coalition skeptical of the federal government’s traditional role of providing aid to state and local governments during downturns.

This Article thus proposes a series of innovative state tax reform measures and other related reform proposals for modernizing states’ outdated tax bases and crisisproofing American institutions of fiscal federalism. These proposals were initially designed as reforms to mitigate the harmful state and local budget consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. But a central role of legal scholarship should be to develop law reform solutions for legislatures and for other policymakers to prepare for future emergencies when those solutions may be urgently needed. To that end, this Article elaborates on and memorializes proposals initially developed for the 2020 crises, so that these proposals might be further developed to be ready as potential responses for future crises in which the federal government might once again prove unwilling to act sufficiently.
SOCIAL ENGINEERING, IMPERFECT HUMAN
Authors:   Postgraduate of the Institute of Technology of Troyes, Neumeier J. , Lemaire K. ,   Postgraduate of the Institute of Technology of Troyes, Taburchak A.P. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University), Zelezinskii A.L. ,   "Saint-Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University)"
Published: June 2022

The article introduces the concept of "Social Engineering". This term is used for a broad range of malicious activities accomplished through human interactions. The previous year has seen an enormous increase in the studies related to social engineering. This increase is partly due to the increasing number of social engineering attacks and partly due to people's inability to identify the attack. The authors define the subject of social engineering from a Cyber Security professional perspective. A literature review from the information technology, psychology, and business disciplines explains the interconnected nature of the topic as well as the necessity to comprehend it from multiple viewpoints. The article presents several case studies of successful attacks performed as well as their efficacy.
MODERN RISKS OF CRYPTOIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University), Lebedeva A.V.
Published: June 2022

The issues of regulating transactions with cryptocurrencies have affected the entire world community, while approaches to solving them at the level of individual countries are sometimes diametrically opposed. The Russian Federation is at the stage of building an integrated digital financial asset management system, institutions and technologies are being formed to maximize the opportunities of the cryptocurrency market. However, it is necessary to take into account the risks involved, which can cause serious damage both to the welfare of individual citizens and to the national security of the country as a whole. The article identifies the key dangers of scaling cryptocurrency transactions, highlights the main risk factors.