bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing the gap type of solid state boric acid by heating: a dispersion-corrected density functional study of α-, β-, and γ-metaboric acid polymorphs
Authors: da Silva M. Bezerra , Da Cunha A. M. , Santos R. C. R. , Valentini A. , Caetano E. W. S. , Freire V. N.
Published: November 2017

The gap type of solid state metaboric acid can be changed by temperature changes near 100 °C according to DFT calculations.
Zero-dimensional methylammonium iodo bismuthate solar cells and synergistic interactions with silicon nanocrystals
Authors: McDonald Calum , Ni Chengsheng , Švrček Vladimir , Lozac'h Mickaël , Connor Paul A. , Maguire Paul , Irvine John T. S. , Mariotti Davide
Published: November 2017

Organometal trihalide perovskite solar cells have attracted monumental attention in recent years.
Addition of a polyhistidine tag alters the regioselectivity of carbonyl reductase S1 from Candida magnoliae
Authors: Haas Julian , Häckh Matthias , Justus Viktor , Müller Michael , Lüdeke Steffen
Published: November 2017

A recombinant carbonyl reductase shows different regioselectivity with a C-terminal His-tag compared to the N-tagged enzyme toward the same triketide substrate. Highly selective synthesis of reference triketides allowed solving this conundrum.
Constraint models of voltage fluctuation limit on OLTC/SVR caused by DG power fluctuation and generator disconnection to assess their impacts on DG penetration limit
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Wang Xiaoyu , Meng Wenchao , Tang Lianxiang , Liu Shichao
Published: November 2017

With the rapid growth of distributed generation (DG) in distribution systems, DG penetration limit is becoming a more emergent issue. The short‐term voltage fluctuation resulting from the DG power fluctuation of intermittent DG sources, e.g. photovoltaic (PV) and wind power, could trigger excessive actions of a transformer with on‐load tap changer (OLTC) or a feeder step‐voltage regulator (SVR). In addition, DG tripping from feeder will cause sudden large voltage step change. These facts limit the maximum allowable penetration of DG in distribution networks. This study proposes the constraint models of voltage fluctuation limit on OLTC/SVR resulting from DG power fluctuation and generator disconnection to assess their impacts on the DG penetration limit. A simple optimal power flow methodology is built according to the practical criteria and applied to the practical feeder systems, to demonstrate the huge advantages of the proposed constraint models in the assessment of DG penetration limit, which also validates that both factors have significant impacts on DG hosting capacity.
Power flow modelling to UHVDC line and its hierarchical connection mode
Authors: Li Shenghu , Wu Zhengyang , Huang Jiejie
Published: November 2017

At one converter station, compared with the high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) line, the conversion units of the ultra HVDC (UHVDC) line are doubled and controlled independently, possibly yielding the unbalanced operation modes, separate settings to the DC variables of the positive and negative poles, and different equivalent powers and mismatch equations (MEs). Under the hierarchical connection mode (HCM), the inverters connect two AC voltages. Hence, the operation modes are not the same as the UHVDC line, and the parameters of the inverters at the high and low terminals are to be set independently. In this study, the power flow model of the UHVDC line is newly proposed. Considering the unbalanced modes and the HCM, the DC variables, the equivalent powers of the converters, and the MEs are decided. The elements of the extended Jacobian matrix are defined. The initial values and specified values are derived. The modified IEEE RTS system and a provincial system in the eastern China are applied to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed models. The research provides the basis for the operation and economic dispatch of the AC/UHVDC systems.
Equivalent circuit model for array of circular loop FSS structures at oblique angles of incidence
Authors: Ramezani Varkani Ali , Hossein Firouzeh Zaker , Zeidaabadi Nezhad Abolghasem
Published: November 2017

This study aims to introduce a simple equivalent circuit model of circular loop shaped frequency selective surface (FSS), predicting the plane‐wave transmission characteristics for oblique angles of incidence. The equivalent circuit model is based on a series of basic equations in order to calculate the inductance and capacitance of strip gratings. Through provided relations, the values of circuit elements can be calculated as well. The proposed relations are applied to many circular loop FSSs with different dimensions, and the results are compared with the full‐wave simulations obtained from computer simulation technology microwave studio. Moreover, some comparison graphs between the simulated and analytical resonant frequency for different values of design parameters have been carried out to show the circuit model follows the trend of the simulated responses. Finally, both the FSS structures have been fabricated and measured in an anechoic chamber. A good agreement between the experimental results and the simulated responses demonstrates the validity of the circuit model.
X-ray radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Rab Ch. , Güdel M. , Woitke P. , Kamp I. , Thi W.-F. , Min M. , Aresu G. , Meijerink R.
Published: November 2017

Context. The X-ray luminosities of T Tauri stars are about two to four orders of magnitude higher than the luminosity of the contemporary Sun. As these stars are born in clusters, their disks are not only irradiated by their parent star but also by an X-ray background field produced by the cluster members.

Aims. We aim to quantify the impact of X-ray background fields produced by young embedded clusters on the chemical structure of disks. Further, we want to investigate the importance of the dust for X-ray radiative transfer in disks.

Methods. We present a new X-ray radiative transfer module for the radiation thermo-chemical disk code PRODIMO (PROtoplanetary DIsk MOdel), which includes X-ray scattering and absorption by both the gas and dust component. The X-ray dust opacities can be calculated for various dust compositions and dust-size distributions. For the X-ray radiative transfer we consider irradiation by the star and by X-ray background fields. To study the impact of X-rays on the chemical structure of disks we use the well established disk ionization tracers N2H+ and HCO+.

Results. For evolved dust populations (e.g. grain growth), X-ray opacities are mostly dominated by the gas; only for photon energies E ≳ 5−10 keV do dust opacities become relevant. Consequently the local disk X-ray radiation field is only affected in dense regions close to the disk midplane. X-ray background fields can dominate the local X-ray disk ionization rate for disk radii r ≳ 20 au. However, the N2H+ and HCO+ column densities are only significantly affected in cases of low cosmic-ray ionization rates (≲10-19 s-1), or if the background flux is at least a factor of ten higher than the flux level of ≈10-5 erg cm-2 s-1 expected for clusters typical for the solar vicinity.

Conclusions. Observable signatures of X-ray background fields in low-mass star-formation regions, like Taurus, are only expected for cluster members experiencing a strong X-ray background field (e.g. due to their location within the cluster). For the majority of the cluster members, the X-ray background field has relatively little impact on the disk chemical structure.
1.2.7 Radical-Based Palladium-Catalyzed Bond Constructions
Authors: Li Y. , Xie W. , Jiang X.
Published: November 2017

Palladium(0) and palladium(II) species are frequently used as catalysts and are considered to be active intermediates in traditional palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, participating in oxidative addition and reductive elimination via two-electron-transfer processes. Meanwhile, the catalytic modes involving palladium(I) and palladium(III) have been gradually developed. Single-electron-transfer pathways are thought to be involved via related catalytic cycles. Various palladium(I) and palladium(III) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The palladium(I) precatalysts in Suzuki coupling and Buchwald–Hartwig amination exhibit higher reactivity than traditional palladium(0) and palladium(II) catalysts. Palladium-catalyzed single-electron-transfer conditions allow alkyl halides to participate in a series of cross-coupling, carbonylation, atom-transfer, and cyclization reactions, in which the palladium(I) species and various alkyl radicals are thought to be key intermediates. Palladium(III) species have been proposed as active intermediates in various directed C—H activation reactions. Moreover, it has been proved that palladium(III) intermediates can catalyze C—F bond formation and asymmetric Claisen rearrangement reactions. Beyond these systems, it is thought that palladium(I) and palladium(III) species might take part in the same system. In summary, radical-type palladium-catalyzed systems possess new properties which help to realize various otherwise difficult transformations.
Synthesis of N-Pyridin-2-ylmethyl and N-Quinolin-2-ylmethyl ­Substituted Ethane-1,2-diamines
Authors: Yang Yi-Qiu , Ke Long-Zhi , Wang Gui-Fei , Song Shu-Yong , Qiu Ming-Ning , Liu Jian-Jun , Huang Yun-Sheng
Published: November 2017

Two N-(2-(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)ethyl)quinoline-2-carboxamides and two N-(2-(bis(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)amino)ethyl)quinoline-2-carboxamides have been synthesized. These structures contain five nitrogen atoms that can form coordinate bonds with metal ions such as Mn(II) and Fe(II). An additional coordinating bond can be formed between the metal ion and a neutral molecule of nitric oxide (NO). The resultant complexes are potentially useful agents for targeted delivery of NO to in vivo biological sites such as tumors, where the NO is released upon irradiation with long-wavelength light. Initial work involving the synthesis and characterization of these analogues is reported here.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Functionalized Benzimidazopyrimidinones
Authors: Veltri Lucia , Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Russo Patrizio , Grasso Giuseppe , Cuocci Corrado , Romeo Roberto
Published: November 2017

A new and convenient approach to functionalized benzimidazopyrimidinones is reported. It is based on a two-step procedure starting from readily available 1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amines, consisting of a multicomponent palladium-catalyzed oxidative cyclocarbonylation–alkoxycarbonylation process, followed by base-promoted isomerization of the initially formed mixture of isomeric carbonylated products. Fair to good overall yields of the final alkyl 2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetates are obtained, using different alcohols as solvent and nucleophile in the carbonylation step (carried out in the presence of 0.33–1 mol% PdI2 in conjunction with 17–50 mol% KI, at 100 °C and under 20 atm of a 4:1 mixture of CO–air) and the corresponding sodium alkoxide as base in the subsequent isomerization step (carried out in the alcoholic solvent at room temperature). The structures of a representative substrate [N-benzyl-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine] and a representative product [methyl 2-(1-isopentyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo-[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetate] were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Wide-field piecemeal cold snare polypectomy of large sessile serrated polyps without a submucosal injection is safe
Authors: Tate David , Awadie Halim , Bahin Farzan , Desomer Lobke , Lee Ralph , Heitman Steven , Goodrick Kathleen , Bourke Michael
Published: November 2017

Background and study aims Large series suggest endoscopic mucosal resection is safe and effective for the removal of large (≥ 10 mm) sessile serrated polyps (SSPs), but it exposes the patient to the risks of electrocautery, including delayed bleeding. We examined the feasibility and safety of piecemeal cold snare polypectomy (pCSP) for the resection of large SSPs.

Methods Sequential large SSPs (10 – 35 mm) without endoscopic evidence of dysplasia referred over 12 months to a tertiary endoscopy center were considered for pCSP. A thin-wire snare was used in all cases. Submucosal injection was not performed. High definition imaging of the defect margin was used to ensure the absence of residual serrated tissue. Adverse events were assessed at 2 weeks and surveillance was planned for between 6 and 12 months.

Results 41 SSPs were completely removed by pCSP in 34 patients. The median SSP size was 15 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 14.5 – 20 mm; range 10 – 35 mm). The median procedure duration was 4.5 minutes (IQR 1.4 – 6.3 minutes). There was no evidence of perforation or significant intraprocedural bleeding. At 2-week follow-up, there were no significant adverse events, including delayed bleeding and post polypectomy syndrome. First follow-up has been undertaken for 15 /41 lesions at a median of 6 months with no evidence of recurrence.

Conclusions There is potential for pCSP to become the standard of care for non-dysplastic large SSPs. This could reduce the burden of removing SSPs on patients and healthcare systems, particularly by avoidance of delayed bleeding.
Miller-Fisher-Syndrom mit Anisokorie und interner Ophthalmoplegie
Authors: Abdelnaby Ramy , Joachim Marco
Published: November 2017

Das Miller-Fisher-Syndrom (MFS) ist eine akute entzündliche demyelinisierende Polyneuropathie. Es handelt sich um eine Variante des Guillain-Barré-Syndroms. Das MFS zeichnet sich durch die klassische Symptomtrias mit Ophthalmoplegie, Ataxie und Areflexie aus 1. In der Literatur wird überwiegend über eine externe Ophthalmoplegie berichtet. Wir berichten hier über einen 58-jährige Patienten, der sich wegen Doppelbilder nach einem schweren grippalen Infekt vorstellte. Klinisch neurologisch fand sich bei der Aufnahme sowohl eine interne als auch eine externe Ophthalmoplegie mit Anisokorie, Areflexie und Ataxie. Im Labor ließen sich Anti-GQ1b-IgG-AK nachweisen, elekroneurografisch zeigte sich eine vorwiegend axonale sensomotorische Polyneuropathie. Die wiederholte Liquorpunktion ergab eine zytoalbuminäre Dissoziation. Durch die Behandlung mit intravenösen Immunglobulinen kam es zur Erholung.
Alarmierende Daten - WHO-Studie: Immer mehr Kinder und Jugendliche sind fettleibig
Authors: Schikora Stephanie
Published: November 2017

Pünktlich zum Welt-Adipositas-Tag veröffentlichte die WHO eine aktuelle Studie in der das Gewicht und die Größe von fast 130 Millionen Menschen analysiert wurden. Demnach haben heute 6 % der Mädchen (fast 50 Millionen) und 8 % der Jungen (74 Millionen) viel zu viel Gewicht auf den Rippen – mit einer weltweit steigenden Tendenz. Andererseits gibt es 192 Millionen Kinder auf unserem Planeten, die aufgrund von Nahrungsmangel untergewichtig sind.
16.10.5 Phthalazines (Update 2015)
Authors: Hagen T. J. , Helgren T. R.
Published: November 2017

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 16.10) concerning the synthesis and reactions of phthalazines. Literature from 2004 to early 2014 has been considered. The major focus since the initial publication involves phthalazine substituent modification rather than the synthesis of phthalazine rings.
24.4.2.3 1-(Organooxy)alk-1-ynes and 1-(Heterooxy)alk-1-ynes (Update 2015)
Authors: Larsen M. H. , Cacciarini M. , Brønsted Nielsen M.
Published: November 2017

This manuscript is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 24.4.2) describing methods for the synthesis of 1-(organooxy)alk-1-ynes and 1-(heterooxy)alk-1-ynes. The original contribution describes the synthesis of six subgroups: alk-1-ynyl N,N-dialkylcarbamates, carboxylates, ethers, sulfonates, and dialkyl phosphonates as well as 1-siloxyalk-1-ynes. However, during the period covered in this update (2005–2014), new contributions have only been made in the field of alk-1-ynyl ethers and 1-siloxyalk-1-ynes. These methodologies, primarily methods centering on elimination reactions, are covered in this chapter, along with a short description of the applications of these two types of compound.
24.4.3.5 1-(Organosulfanyl)-, 1-(Organoselanyl)-, and 1-(Organotellanyl)alk-1-ynes (Update 2018)
Authors: Ulfkjaer A. , Pittelkow M.
Published: November 2017

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis review (Section 24.4.3) describing the synthesis of 1-(organochalcogeno)alk-1-ynes, where the chalcogen is sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. It covers the literature from the period 2005–2016. Many of the approaches to these molecules involve reaction of an acetylide with a suitable chalcogen source, but other methods include the formation of the C≡C bond by elimination, the reaction of a chalcogenide species with alkynes bearing a leaving group at the alkyne terminus, and various types of coupling reactions. Also covered in this update are the recent applications of the title compounds. The wide range of reactions reported shows the importance of these molecules as building blocks and key intermediates in organic synthesis.
30.7.3 N,P- and P,P-Acetals (Update 2016)
Authors: Kimura T.
Published: November 2017

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 30.7) describing methods for the synthesis of N,P- and P,P-acetals. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2007–2014. As well as covering the synthesis of the title compounds, their applications in organic synthesis are also briefly reviewed.
31.40.3 Arylphosphinic Acids and Derivatives (Update 2018)
Authors: Virieux D. , Pirat J.-L. , Volle J.-N.
Published: November 2017

This chapter is an update to Section 31.40 and describes published methods for the synthesis of arylphosphinic acids and derivatives reported from 2007 to early 2016. Reports on the syntheses of arylphosphinic acids and derivatives are limited to arylphosphinic acids and arylphosphinates [Ar1R1P(O)OH and Ar1R1P(O)OR2, respectively], for which R1 and R2 are a hydrogen atom or any kind of hydrocarbon substituent (e.g., alkyl, aryl, hetaryl).
33.4.2.3 1-Nitrosoalkenes (Update 2015)
Authors: Reißig H.-U. , Zimmer R.
Published: November 2017

This chapter deals with the generation of nitrosoalkenes from suitable precursors and their application as synthetically useful key intermediates in organic synthesis, including the synthesis of natural products and biologically active compounds. This is an update to Section 33.4.2, covering selected relevant literature that has been reported since 2007.
33.5.10.2 1,4-Dihydrophosphinines and Derivatives (Update 2015)
Authors: Keglevich Gy. , Grün A.
Published: November 2017

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 33.5.10) describing methods for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydrophosphinines. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2004–2015.
35.2.1.1.8 Synthesis by Substitution of Hydrogen (Update 2015)
Authors: Iskra J.
Published: November 2017

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 35.2.1.1) summarizing methodology for the bromination of non-activated C—H bonds, with a particular focus on regioselectivity.
35.3.1.3.8 Synthesis by Substitution of Carbon Functionalities (Update 2015)
Authors: Elliott M. C. , Saleh B. A.
Published: November 2017

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 35.3.1.3) describing methods for the synthesis of alkyl iodides from carboxylic acids and related compounds. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2005–2014.
35.3.1.5.7 Synthesis by Substitution of Oxygen Functionalities (Update 2015)
Authors: Singh F. V. , Wirth T.
Published: November 2017

Iodoalkanes are important synthetic intermediates in organic chemistry. These compounds undergo various reactions such as nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and metal-catalyzed C—C bond-forming reactions. This chapter describes various synthetic approaches available for the generation of C—I bonds from different oxygen functionalities and covers the literature published in the period 2007–2014.
35.3.1.8.7 Synthesis by Addition to π-Type C—C Bonds (Update 2015)
Authors: Hennecke U.
Published: November 2017

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 35.3.1.8) describing methods for the synthesis of iodoalkanes by addition reactions to π-type C—C bonds (mostly alkenes). It focuses mainly on the literature published in the period 2007–2014.
3.12 General Aspects of Immobilized Biocatalysts and Their Applications in Flow
Authors: Bajić M. , Žnidaršič-Plazl P. , Kingston M. , Hessel V.
Published: November 2017

This chapter is a comprehensive review of methods for the immobilization of biocatalysts, namely enzymes and whole cells, in microflow reactors. Immobilization on microchannel surfaces, in monoliths, hydrogels, membranes, or other internal structures within microreactors are described. The characteristics of packed-bed and magnetic-field-assisted microreactors and two-liquid-phase flow systems with immobilized biocatalysts and some applications are presented.
2.1.5 Domino Transformations Initiated by or Proceeding Through [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements
Authors: Guerrero C. A.
Published: November 2017

This chapter concerns itself with domino transformations (i.e., cascade sequences and/or tandem reactions) that are either initiated by or proceed through at least one [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. Excluded from this discussion are domino transformations that end with sigmatropy. The reactions included contain diverse forms of [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements and are followed by both polar chemistry or further concerted rearrangement.
2.2 Intermolecular Alkylative Dearomatizations of Phenolic Derivatives in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Porco Jr. J. A. , Boyce J.
Published: November 2017

Intermolecular alkylative dearomatization products have shown promise as synthetic intermediates with diverse capabilities. This chapter describes the available methods for constructing these dearomatized molecules and demonstrates their value as synthetic intermediates for efficient total syntheses.
2.1 Epoxidation and Aziridination Reactions
Authors: Xia F. , Ye S.
Published: November 2017

Due to the strain associated with three-membered rings, epoxides and aziridines react with various nucleophiles to give 1,2-difunctionalized products. This makes them valuable intermediates in organic synthesis, including in the synthesis of bioactive natural and nonnatural compounds. This chapter summarizes recent advances in metal-catalyzed epoxidation and aziridination reactions of alkenes, as well as their synthetic applications.
2.3 Pauson–Khand Reactions
Authors: Dominguez G. , Pérez Castells J.
Published: November 2017

The Pauson–Khand (2 + 2 + 1) cycloaddition (PKR) is one of the best ways to construct a cyclopentenone. In this review, standard procedures to perform both stoichiometric and catalytic Pauson–Khand reactions are presented. These include the use of homo- and heterogeneous catalysts as well as different promoters. Asymmetric versions are described, as are cascade processes where the Pauson–Khand reaction is combined with other transformations. The chapter ends with a summary of representative total syntheses of natural products where a Pauson–Khand reaction is used as the key step.
2.7 Metal-Catalyzed (4 + 3) Cycloadditions Involving Allylic Cations
Authors: Jones D. E. , Harmata M.
Published: November 2017

The (4 + 3)-cycloaddition reaction is a reaction between an allylic cation and diene. It is a powerful process and one of the few reactions that directly generates seven-membered ring systems. This reaction exhibits high levels of diastereoselectivity and regioselectivity, which makes it attractive for the rapid construction of complex targets. Several select, reliable, and reproducible methods for the generation and capture of allylic cations by 1,3-dienes using metal catalysis or mediation are presented in this review along with some representative examples of the use of (4 + 3) cycloadditions in the synthesis of natural products.
Offering fleet automation: SmartFleet in the need of Smart Decisions
Authors: Agrawal Anand , Mehta Anupam , Abraham Nishant
Published: November 2017

In late September 2014, after reviewing the revised financial projection of their new venture, Maui Millan, the CEO and the head of product development, and Mannix Chong, the COO and the head of business development were alarmed. They planned to call their board of advisors to discuss the future of SmartFleet, the new product of the Philippines-based firm called Pahrsek Inc. SmartFleet is a cloud-based fleet management tool that provides enterprise resource planning capability to fleet vehicle operators. For Maui and Mannix, there were numerous challenges ranging from developing a pricing strategy, growing the market as a pioneer in this industry in the Philippines, to proactively managing the potential global competitors who were on the verge of the Philippines market. They were anxious because they knew that only a set of careful, well-thought out and smart decisions could ensure survival and sustainability of this new venture.
Using highly nutritious pastures to mitigate enteric methane emissions from cattle grazing systems in South America
Authors: Dini Y. , Gere J. I. , Cajarville C. , Ciganda Verónica S.
Published: November 2017

Enteric methane (CH4) emissions are directly related to the quantity and type of feed intake. Existing mitigation strategies, for example, the addition of legumes to grass-based diets and increased use of grains, have been thoroughly researched and applied in different production systems. In this paper, we propose a need to expand the capacity to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions in cattle under grazing conditions. The objective of this paper was to contribute to evaluate a mitigation strategy under grazing conditions of using contrasting levels of pasture quality. The study was performed with 20 heifers twice during the year: winter and spring. Each season, the study employed a crossover design with two treatments and two 5-day measurement periods. The treatments were two pastures with different nutritional values, including a pasture with a low quality (70% of neutral detergent fibre, 1% of ether extract, 8% of non-fibre carbohydrates), 9% of crude protein, 35% of dry matter digestibility and a pasture with a high quality (42% neutral detergent fibre, 1.3% ether extract, 24% non-fibre carbohydrates, 21% crude protein and 63% dry matter digestibility). Enteric CH4 emissions were measured with sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. The dry matter intake (kg/day) was measured indirectly using titanium dioxide as an external marker. CH4 emissions from animals grazing the high-quality pasture were 14% lower expressed as % of gross energy intake, and 11% lower expressed by unit of dry matter intake (g CH4/kg). These results quantitative showed the alternative to mitigate CH4 emissions from grazing bovines exclusively through the improvement of the forage quality offered.
Electroantennogram responses of six Bactrocera and Zeugodacus species to raspberry ketone analogues
Authors: Siderhurst Matthew S. , Park Soo J. , Jamie Ian M. , De Faveri Stefano G.
Published: November 2017

Environmental contextQueensland fruit fly is a major pest of fruits and vegetables in eastern Australia, sometimes causing complete loss of unprotected crops. Odours that attract fruit flies can help control these pests and this study investigated how six fruit fly species smell these chemicals. The strength of fly responses to tested odours gives insight into the way flies smell and provides information for making better attractants, potentially reducing insecticide use.
AbstractThe Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni, Q-fly) is a major horticultural pest in eastern Australia. The deployment of male lures comprises an important component of several detection and control strategies for this pest. A novel fluorinated analogue of raspberry ketone (RK), raspberry ketone trifluoroacetate (RKTA), has been developed with the aim of further improving Q-fly control. RKTA elicited strong electroantennogram (EAG) responses from Q-flies whereas cuelure (CL) and melolure (ML) responses were not significantly greater than a negative control. Further experimentation showed that RKTA also elicited EAG response from five other fruit fly species, included flies known to be strongly attracted to CL (B. neohumeralis, B. kraussi and B. frauenfeldi), weakly attracted to CL (B. jarvisi), or non-responsive to CL (Zeugodacus cucumis), whereas seven other compounds, RK, CL, ML, raspberry ketone difluoroacetate, raspberry ketone monofluoroacetate, anisyl acetone and trimethylsilyl raspberry ketone, elicited only weak responses comparable with a negative control. However, fly EAG responses to RKTA are likely due at least in part to trifluoroethanoic acid, which is a hydrolysis product of RKTA and elicited strong EAG responses from all six species when tested alone. Furthermore, whereas ethanoic acid, methanoic acid and trifluoroethanoic acid all elicited strong EAG responses in Q-flies, the only corresponding RK ester to elicit an EAG response was RKTA, suggesting that RKTA hydrolyses quickly, whereas CL and ML do not. This is in contrast to the idea that CL readily hydrolyses on contact with atmospheric moisture, an assertion that has been made in the literature repeatedly.
What’s in the brain that ink may character ….
Authors: Jacobs Arthur M. , Schuster Sarah , Xue Shuwei , Lüdtke Jana
Published: November 2017

In this theoretical paper, we would like to pave the ground for future empirical studies in Neurocognitive Poetics by describing relevant properties ofShakespeare’s 154 sonnetsextracted via Quantitative Narrative Analysis. In the first two parts, we quantify aspects of the sonnets’ cognitive and affective-aesthetic features, as well as indices of their thematic richness, symbolic imagery, and semantic association potential. In the final part, we first demonstrate how the results of these quantitative narrative analyses can be used for generating testable predictions for empirical studies of literature. Second, we feed the quantitative narrative analysis data into a machine learning algorithm which successfully classifies the 154 sonnets into two main categories, i.e. theyoung mananddark ladypoems. This shows how quantitative narrative analysis data can be combined with computational modeling for identifying those of the many quantifiable sonnet features that may play a key role in their reception.
Perceptual qualities of literary style
Authors: Siefkes Martin
Published: November 2017

This article reports the results of a study that investigated different aspects of the aesthetic perception of literary style. Excerpts from novels belonging to two broadly defined literary style categories, namely modern and postmodern style, were judged by the participants. Semantic scales corresponding to perceptual qualities of modern and postmodern literature were used. The results indicate that these scales can measure perceptual differences between the selected novels, and that the two novels categorized as modern were experienced differently from those categorized as postmodern. Some of the scales also predicted aesthetic preference for novels. Rating differences on the two scalesincoherent – coherentandformal – colloquialpredicted the ability to attribute novel excerpts. This finding seems to indicate that the ability to distinguish styles in regard to perceptual qualities helps readers to judge certain similarities of novels.
Lexical variation, register and explicitation in medical translation
Authors: Jiménez-Crespo Miguel Ángel , Tercedor Sánchez Maribel
Published: November 2017

Differences in register, lexical use, syntactic shifts or determinologization strategies between source and target medical texts can produce usability or comprehensibility issues (Askehave and Zethsen 2000a;Tercedor and López 2012;Nisbeth Zethsen and Jensen 2012;Alarcón, López-Rodríguez, and Tercedor 2016). This study analyzes differences in lexical variation between translated and non-translated online medical texts resulting in potential register shifts, also known as “register mismatches” (Pilegaard 1997). The study uses a corpus methodology to compare (1) the frequency of Latin-Greek (LG) terms in translated medical websites in the USA and in similar non-translated texts in Spain and Latin America, and (2) the frequency of determinologization and explicitation of LG terms in both textual populations. The results show that US medical websites translated into Spanish show lower frequencies of LG terms and higher frequencies of reformulation strategies than similar non-translated ones; they are partly explained through the process of interference from source texts.
Professional interpreters’ job satisfaction and relevant factors
Authors: Lee Jieun
Published: November 2017

A study of the job satisfaction of professional interpreters may cast light on the current state of the profession and its prospects. Through a questionnaire-based survey of 150 professional interpreters in South Korea, this study examines various factors contributing to the job satisfaction of professional interpreters, including individual characteristics and job characteristics. Statistically significant correlations were confirmed between job satisfaction and marital status, the length of the interpreting career, average weekly working hours, and the dominant employment type of the respondents. While the respondents overwhelmingly chose income as the most important factor that determines their satisfaction, a multiple regression analysis revealed that job security was the most important factor, which was in turn strongly correlated with social recognition. This case study provides an analysis of the status quo of the profession in South Korea and has implications for the industry and for interpreter training.
Flaubert’s Parrot
Authors: Pralas Jelena , Kusovac Olivera
Published: November 2017

The strict boundaries between disciplines have been seriously challenged by various links established between them through cross-fertilization. Links between literary and translation studies are not new. However, in the (post)-modern world, when interdisciplinarity is starting to give way to transdisciplinarity, a new meeting point has been found in transfiction, enabling translation to become an interpretative paradigm for literature. Attempting to support this rather neglected approach, this paper analyzes Julian Barnes’sFlaubert’s Parrotin the light of the relationship between source and target texts and the concept of the invariant as a reflection of the postmodern quest for truth, claiming that the novel makes a fictional dethronement of the source text and calls for a shift from instrumentalism to the hermeneutic approach in translation.
Influence of temperature and pressure on CdTe: Ag thin film
Authors: Hasani Ebrahim , Raoufi Davood
Published: November 2017

In this work, cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles-doped Ag was deposited on Ag wafer at 150°C and of 2 × 10−5 mbar. The thickness of thin films is 80 nm. The results of the XRD analysis show the formation of CdTe cubic phase and CdTe:Ag with a strong preferential orientation (220) at 150°C. The particle size in this orientation obtained about 13.00 nm. CdTe films were annealed at temperatures of 300 and 500°C and were placed under pressures of 1 × 10−4 and 6.5 × 10−4 mbar to investigate the effect of annealing and vacuum pressure changes on particle size, respectively. UV–vis measurements indicate the optical band gap for CdTe:Ag thin films is 1.75 eV and decreases with increasing the annealing temperature and pressure. Finally, to study the morphology of CdTe:Ag thin films, SEM analysis was done. The results revealed that variations of annealing temperature are more effective to increase the particle size than variations of pressure.
Optimization of Energy Efficiency and Conservation in Green Building Design Using Duelist, Killer-Whale and Rain-Water Algorithms
Authors: Biyanto T R , Matradji  , Syamsi M N , Fibrianto H Y , Afdanny N , Rahman A H , Gunawan K S , Pratama J A D , Malwindasari A , Abdillah A I , Bethiana T N , Putra Y A
Published: November 2017

The development of green building has been growing in both design and quality. The development of green building was limited by the issue of expensive investment. Actually, green building can reduce the energy usage inside the building especially in utilization of cooling system. External load plays major role in reducing the usage of cooling system. External load is affected by type of wall sheathing, glass and roof. The proper selection of wall, type of glass and roof material are very important to reduce external load. Hence, the optimization of energy efficiency and conservation in green building design is required. Since this optimization consist of integer and non-linear equations, this problem falls into Mixed-Integer-Non-Linear-Programming (MINLP) that required global optimization technique such as stochastic optimization algorithms. In this paper the optimized variables i.e. type of glass and roof were chosen using Duelist, Killer-Whale and Rain-Water Algorithms to obtain the optimum energy and considering the minimal investment. The optimization results exhibited the single glass Planibel-G with the 3.2 mm thickness and glass wool insulation provided maximum ROI of 36.8486%, EUI reduction of 54 kWh/m2·year, CO2 emission reduction of 486.8971 tons/year and reduce investment of 4,078,905,465 IDR.
SPECTRE: a suite of phylogenetic tools for reticulate evolution
Authors: Bastkowski Sarah , Mapleson Daniel , Spillner Andreas , Wu Taoyang , Balvočiūtė Monika , Moulton Vincent
Published: November 2017

Split-networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees that have proven to be a powerful tool in phylogenetics. Various ways have been developed for computing such networks, including split-decomposition, NeighborNet, QNet and FlatNJ. Some of these approaches are implemented in the user-friendly SplitsTree software package. However, to give the user the option to adjust and extend these approaches and to facilitate their integration into analysis pipelines, there is a need for robust, open-source implementations of associated data structures and algorithms. Here, we present SPECTRE, a readily available, open-source library of data structures written in Java, that comes complete with new implementations of several pre-published algorithms and a basic interactive graphical interface for visualizing planar split networks. SPECTRE also supports the use of longer running algorithms by providing command line interfaces, which can be executed on servers or in High Performance Computing environments.

Availability and implementation

Full source code is available under the GPLv3 license at: https://github.com/maplesond/SPECTRE. SPECTRE’s core library is available from Maven Central at: https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/uk.ac.uea.cmp.spectre/core. Documentation is available at: http://spectre-suite-of-phylogenetic-tools-for-reticulate-evolution.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Victor Hugo and the Melancholy Novel: Reading the Haitian Revolution in
Bug-Jargal
Authors: Bongie Chris
Published: November 2017

In the two decades following the Haitian Declaration of Independence in 1804, a wide array of French writers from across the political spectrum returned, with obsessive frequency, to the subject of Saint-Domingue/Haiti in an attempt to grapple with the effects of ‘traumatic’ loss through discursive revisitings of the forever lost imperial object. Reflecting on the (largely disavowed) centrality of Haiti to an understanding of Romantic-era French cultural production, this article situates Victor Hugo’s 1826 novel about the Haitian Revolution,
Bug-Jargal
, as the culminating expression of those melancholic narratives lamenting the loss of France’s precious ‘pearl of the Antilles’. It does so, specifically, by discussing the plagiaristic relation of key passages in Hugo’s novel to a hitherto unidentified source, Philippe-Albert de Lattre’s
Campagnes des Français à Saint-Domingue
(1805). The youthful Hugo’s word-for-word reliance on this earlier account of the Haitian Revolution can, to be sure, simply be written off as yet another piece of evidence for the artistic ‘immaturity’ of
Bug-Jargal
. A very different argument will be mounted here, however: this mimetic reliance of Hugo’s novel on a text that mourns the loss of Saint-Domingue, denies the legitimacy of Haitian independence, and consolidates the hierarchies of racial science, needs to be read as exemplifying — in its purest, most ‘mature’ form — a collective practice of retelling colonial stories that is characteristic of what Paul Gilroy has dubbed ‘postimperial melancholia’, and that is arguably one of the constitutive features of the literary habitus in Restoration France.
Compaction trends of full stiffness tensor and fluid permeability in artificial shales
Authors: Beloborodov Roman , Pervukhina Marina , Lebedev Maxim
Published: November 2017

We present a methodology and describe a set-up that allows simultaneous acquisition of all five elastic coefficients of a transversely isotropic (TI) medium and its permeability in the direction parallel to the symmetry axis during mechanical compaction experiments. We apply the approach to synthetic shale samples and investigate the role of composition and applied stress on their elastic and transport properties. Compaction trends for the five elastic coefficients that fully characterize TI anisotropy of artificial shales are obtained for a porosity range from 40 per cent to 15 per cent. A linear increase of elastic coefficients with decreasing porosity is observed. The permeability acquired with the pressure-oscillation technique exhibits exponential decrease with decreasing porosity. Strong correlations are observed between an axial fluid permeability and seismic attributes, namely, VP/VS ratio and acoustic impedance, measured in the same direction. These correlations might be used to derive permeability of shales from seismic data given that their mineralogical composition is known.
Factors influencing women in physical activity programs in Malaysia
Authors: Hanlon C , Khoo S , Morris T , Eime R
Published: November 2017

The majority of research on factors associated with women participation in physical activity (PA) has been in developed countries with limited research in developing countries. Few women in Malaysia are active at the recommended levels for health, and activity rates are less than developed countries. Little research has focused specially on physically active Malaysian women and the factors that contribute to them becoming and staying active in PA programs. This lack of knowledge hinders the tailored development and implementation of PA programs to meet their needs. The aim of this study was to identify the factors of participation in PA programs for Malaysian women. The social–ecological model was used to investigate and theme the factors. Focus group discussion was conducted with participants in six PA programs targeted specifically to women. Thirty-seven women were involved in the focus group discussion, with ages ranging from 19 to 82 years. Inductive and deductive content analysis was conducted from verbatim transcripts using NVivo. Inductive content analysis allowed raw data and second-order themes to emerge. Findings revealed social support structures, tailored programs for women, and location were key contributors that encouraged women to participate in these programs. The similarity in contributors between women in non-western and western countries signifies a prime opportunity for bi-lateral relationships to be formed to enable the enhancement of program development relevant to different ethnicities and cultures within or across countries.
Britain Breathing: using the experience sampling method to collect the
seasonal allergy symptoms of a country
Authors: Vigo Markel , Hassan Lamiece , Vance William , Jay Caroline , Brass Andrew , Cruickshank Sheena
Published: November 2017

Objective

Allergies are increasing, but the reasons for this are unclear. Although environmental factors are thought to be important, there is a lack of data on how they contribute to symptom development. To understand this relationship better, we need accurate data about both symptoms and environmental factors. Our objective here is to ascertain whether experience sampling is a reliable approach for collecting allergy symptom data in the general population, allowing us to map symptoms and understand etiology.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a 32-week cross-sectional study where individuals reported their seasonal allergy symptoms and severity via a mobile application. Symptom geographical location and timestamp were also collected automatically.

Results

The experience sampling method reliably infers the incidence of seasonal allergies as indicated by the strong correlation (r = 0.93, P < .003) between the reported lack of wellness and the number of antihistamines prescribed by General Practitioners.

Discussion and Conclusion

The project has resulted in the first dataset to map allergy symptoms over time and place and reveals periods of peak hay fever symptoms in the UK.
Cognitive Enhancement in Epilepsy
Authors: Leeman-Markowski Beth A. , Meador Kimford J.
Published: November 2017

Cognitive deficits, including attention, language, and memory dysfunction, are common in the setting of epilepsy and can greatly impair quality of life. Cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy is often multifactorial and may relate to the underlying etiology or epilepsy syndrome, comorbid psychiatric disease, interictal epileptiform discharges, effects of seizures, antiepileptic drugs, and surgical interventions. Studies have addressed the prevention of impairment and, less commonly, methods for cognitive enhancement. This chapter examines the possible underlying mechanisms of cognitive deficits in epilepsy, methods for prevention of dysfunction, issues in study design, and data regarding cognitive enhancement.
Cognitive Enhancement at the Mild Cognitive Impairment Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Melikyan Zara , Romero Heather , Welsh-Bohmer Kathleen A.
Published: November 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in aging. Currently, therapeutic interventions are being initiated earlier in the disease course. The rationale of this strategy is to take advantage of the still healthy neuronal systems to optimize function, slow cognitive decline, and facilitate adaptive compensation in deficient brain networks. This chapter provides an overview and critique of the evidence supporting the enhancement of cognitive function at the early symptomatic stage of AD, so-called mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD). It reviews the clinical diagnosis of MCI-AD, underscoring the differences between this condition and healthy brain aging and highlighting the importance of fluid and imaging biomarkers in ensuring reliable diagnosis and providing targets for therapeutic modification. Next, it discusses techniques to enhance cognition in MCI, with an emphasis on nonpharmacological interventional approaches. It concludes with a discussion of future challenges and opportunities in the treatment of MCI-AD.