bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adherence and benefits of full-dose combination of antihypertensive drugs
Authors: Chukaeva I. I.
Published: December 2018

Control over blood pressure is an existing problem in cardiology and does not exceed 30 % for Europeans, despite prevalence and availability of effective antihypertensive drugs. Low adherence to treatment is one of the reasons of low control of blood pressure. Implementation of the combined antihypertensive drugs with the high fixed doses allows to simplify therapy in subjects receiving combination therapy and to increase the adherence in high risk patients receiving drugs separately.
Subclinical atherosclerosis: The benefits of calcium antagonists
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Korneeva O. N. , Mankova N. V.
Published: December 2018

Recently the research has been focused on the earlier stages of the atherosclerotic process, i.e. subclinical atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is a suitable marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. In routine clinical practice, ultrasonography is the most useful and accessible non-invasive method for diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerosis. Carotid intimai media thickness (IMT) was shown to be predictive for the risk of cardiovascular events. Furthermore, vascular stiffness can be a helpful marker for assessment of the vascular wall state and blood flow. Calcium antagonists (CA) seem to be promising for the prevention of subclinical atherosclerosis progression, and amlodipine has the priority due to the metabolic neutralilty, vasodilation effect and favourable effects on renal hemodynamics. The data on IMT assessement showed that amlodipine slows down the development of atherosclerotic lesions in hypertensive patients.
Possible mechanisms of drug-resistance in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Zvartau N. E. , Sviryaev YU. V. , Korostovtseva L. S. , Konradi A. O.
Published: December 2018

The article reviews possible mechanisms responsible for drug resistance in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Data about more profound target organ damage, partly explained by activation of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction due to recurrent hypoxia episodes and by blood pressure pattern in apnea patients are presented. Stimulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has a negative impact on cardiovascular system and deteriorates sleep apnea severity.
The role of AMP-activated protein kinase in myocardial tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relation to metformin therapy
Authors: Kravchuk E. N. , Grineva E. N. , Galagoudza M. M. , Kostareva A. A. , Bairamov A. A.
Published: December 2018

Background. Several previous studies suggest that the drug in the biguanide class — metformin, in addition to the well-known hypoglycemic action can exert a significant cardioprotective effect. Molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection mediated by metformin are practically unknown. Objective. To examine the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) — a key regulator of energy metabolism in myocardial tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion injury under the action of metformin in animals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design and methods. The Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced neonatal type 2 diabetes mellitus were used in the study. Ischemia-reperfusion of the myocardium was modeled according to Langendorf on the isolated heart with the preliminary intraperitoneal administration of metformin for 3 days. Cardioprotective effect of metformin was assessed by hemodynamic parameters and the size of myocardial infarction. AMPK activity in the myocardium was assessed by Western blot analysis. Results. Metformin did not significantly affected infarct size and nature of the postischemic recovery of left ventricular function in control group and in animals with T2DM. At the same time, the infarct size in T2DM was significantly lower than in the controls, which confirms the phenomenon of metabolic preconditioning. Activation of AMPK in the myocardium compared with the control group was observed in animals with T2DM, and in both metformin groups. Administration of metformin to animals with T2DM was accompanied by the maximum increase in AMPK activity. Conclusions. T2DM led to the activation of AMPK and was accompanied by improved myocardial tolerance to ischemia. In the absence of significant cardioprotective effect pre-ischemic systemic administration of metformin led to the increase of AMPK activity in the myocardium that was the highest in the animals with T2DM and metformin administration.
The impact of simvastatin vs. atorvastatin on cognitive function in obese hypertensives
Authors: Zueva I. B. , Vanaeva K. I. , Sanez E. L.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To assess the influence of simvastatin vs. atorvastatin therapy on cognitive function in obese hypertensive patients. Design and methods. This open clinical trial included 40 patients (mean age 47,7 ± 5,6 years). 20 patients received simvastatin and 20 — atorvastatin. Monotherapy lasted 12 months. At baseline and 12 months later, all participants underwent neuropsychological testing and cognitive evoked potential (P300) to assess cognitive function. Results. 12-month therapy with simvastatin and atorvastatin significantly improved cognitive function (neuropsychological testing and P300) in obese hypertensives.
Quality of life in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Bespalova I. D. , Medyantsev YU. A. , Kalyuzhin V. V. , Murashev B. YU. , Osikhov I. A.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To assess the quality of life (QOL) in hypertensive patients and to study the interrelation between the QOL indicators and the metabolic syndrome (MS) components. Design and methods. We examined 46 patients with stage II hypertension and 18 healthy subjects. Standard full clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination as well as QOL by MOS SF-36® questionnaire were performed in all subjects. Results and conclusions. Hypertensive patients and healthy subjects differed by the scale of general health (GH), physical functioning (PF), pain intensity (BP) and vitality (VT). We detected reverse correlation between the QOL indicators and all the components of MS, such as abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dislipoproteinemia, degree of arterial hypertension, as well as with fibrinogen level.
Quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease and comorbid anxiety-depressive disorders
Authors: Kozlova S. N.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To study quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and comorbid anxiety-depressive disorders. Design and methods. 163 patients with CAD were surveyed. The diagnosis of anxiety-depressive disorders was confirmed according ICD-10. Quality of life was studied with Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Results. Patients with CAD and affective disorders perceive angina, as an illness, more negatively. Patients with CAD and prevalent depressive component are characterized by poorer quality of life. In males quality of life is lower. Conclusion. Among patients with CAD and comorbid anxiety-depressive disorders those with prevalent depressive component and males have the poorest quality of life.
Psychosomatic mechanisms of cardiac infarction pathogenesis in subjects following experience of extreme states
Authors: Rogachyova T. V.
Published: December 2018

Background. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in Russia. Objective. To detect the main features of myocardial infarction pathogenesis in patients following experience of an extreme state. Design and methods. We included 140 patients with myocardial infarction and 151 liquidators of the Chernobyl accident with myocardial infarction; we used clinical and psychological methods of examination. Results. We found certain clinical and psychological patterns and mechanisms of apprehensive and extramental psychosomatic models of self destructive behavior in patients who took part in liquidating the Chernobyl accident. Conclusions. Experience of an extreme state distorts both clinical and psychological mechanisms of disease response that leads to the pathological change of the existence meaning including the existence in a disease. The participants who have had an experience of an extreme state demonstrate mechanisms of self destructive behaviour both at organic and psychological levels.
Registries and their role in management of patients with coronary artery disease undergoing revascularization surgery
Authors: Panov A. V. , Kuleshova E. V.
Published: December 2018

The paper reviews the role of registries in clinical practice and their difference from randomized clinical trials. The article focuses on the use of registries and databases in the management of patients undergoing revascularization surgery, and on the particular need for the registry of patients who underwent planned bypass surgery.
Apo E gene polymorphism in patients with metabolic syndrome and cognitive disorders
Authors: Zueva I. B. , Ulitina A. S. , Ghorab D. N. , Moskalenko M. V. , Dubina M. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective. Тс determine allelic variants frequencies caused by Apo E polymorphism in patients with metabolic syndrome and cognitive dysfunction (CD). Design and methods. 54 participants had undergone anthropometric measurements, blood examination (glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides), molecular genetic analysis (polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragments length polymorphism) and neuropsychological tests. Results. Allelic variant s4 of Apo E is an unfavourable factor contributing to the development of CD, depression, anxiety disorders. Allelic variant s2 of Apo E is protective factor in relation to the development of depression.
The impact of preservation of the subvalvular structures on intracardiac hemodynamics in mitral valve prosthesis surgery
Authors: Nurbay Zh. N. , Novikov V. K. , Gordeev M. L.
Published: December 2018

Background. Nowadays, progress has occurred in mitral valve surgery; however, the frequency of performance of mitral valve prosthesis with preservation of subvalvular structures still yields to «standard» mitral valve prosthesis with removal of subvalvular structures. Design and methods. The results of checkup and treatment of 185 patients in whom mitral valve prosthesis was performed are presented. A comparative analysis of two different groups of patients was made: a group of patients with the preserved subvalvular structures (120 patients) and a group of patients with the removed subvalvular structures (65 patients). Results. Echocardiography showed a positive effect of preservation of the subvalvular structures in mitral valve prosthesis surgery, particularly in patients with the dilated left heart chambers, both at early postoperative and remote follow-up periods.
EVOLUTION OF THE VIEWS ON IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY
Authors: Troitskaya E. A. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Kobalava Zh. D.
Published: December 2018

The phenomenon of variability of blood pressure (BP) has been studied for a long time, but recently, it has made a comeback in scientiﬁ  c literature. This is mostly due to the fact that numerous studies have conﬁrmed the importance of BP variability in predicting cardiovascular risk, although the effect of various parameters of variability does not have the same level of cardiovascular risk due to different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Interest in BP variability is due to and based on a series of studies carried out by P. Rothwell et al., who analyzed variability in BP in heterogeneous populations. In particular, the analysis of the ASCOT-BPLA trial showed high signiﬁ  cance of intervisit variability of ВР and predicted stroke and coronary events. In light ofthese data, the variability of ВР is a promising new target for antihypertensive therapy. A statistically signiﬁcant decrease of this index indicates the stability of the achieved results following treatment. The most convincing evidence in this respect, are those for the combination of amlodipine and perindopril.
THE СLINICAL IMPACT OF PULMONARY ARTERY DISTENSIBILITY INDEX IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Kazimli A. V. , Ryzhkov A. V. , Goncharova N. S. , Berezina A. V. , Naymushin A. V. , Moiseeva O. M.
Published: December 2018

Objective.Vascular remodeling in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) may be assessed by measurement of contrast magnetic-resonance imaging (CMRI) derived pulmonary artery distensibility (PAD) index. The objective of our study was to investigate whether PAD index could be used as a marker for the evaluation of PAH severity.

Design and methods.Forty four patients with PAH (mean age — 42,8 ± 14,5 years, males:females = 11:33) were enrolled: 29 patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, 4 subjects with corrected congenital heart disease, 3 subjects with scleroderma PAH and 8 patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. All patients underwent 6-minute walk test, right heart catheterization (RHC), heart ultrasound (ECHO), CMRI, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and serum N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level was defined.

Results.PAD index was decreased in PAH patients 11,9 % (9,3-19,7). Patients with decreased PAD index < 20 % had higher NT-proBNP level, lower tricuspid annular systolic velocity and right ventricle/left ventricle ratio by ECHO. Patients with PAD index < 20 % had higher pulmonary artery systolic blood pressure (96,5 ± 22,4 versus 77,9 ± 19,4 mmHg; p < 0,05), and reduced cardiac output which were determined by RHC (3,98 ± 1,1 versus 4,95 ± 1,21 l/min; p < 0,05). Decreased VO2peak was found in patients with PAD index < 20 % (14,8 versus 18,8 ml/min/kg; p = 0,05).

Conclusions.PA distensibility index may be used for noninvasive assessment of PAH severity and progression.
EVALUATION OF HOMOCYSTEINE BINDING WITH A FRACTION OF PLASMA PROTEINS ASSOCIATED WITH VASCULAR REMODELING
Authors: Zhloba A. A. , Subbotina T. F.
Published: December 2018

Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy) in tissues cause cytotoxic effects. Increase in the overall conсentration of the various Hcy chemical forms above 12 μM is called hyperhomocysteinemia. The term «total homocysteine» of plasma (tHcy) is the sum of concentrations of aminothiol in reduced (-SH) and oxidized (-SS-) forms. It was suggested that the S- and, partially, N-homocysteinylation of proteins plays a major role in the toxic effects of Hcy. The rate of tHcy in plasma is not closely related to pathological process with remodeling of the vascular wall and not entirely suitable for prospective evaluation of the pathologic process. The paper presents the method of evaluation of the tHcy and its fraction after ultrafiltration, allowing cut off proteins with mass above 300 kDa. Proteins in this fraction which can form a mixing disulfides of Hcy include apoB protein and activated alpha-2-macroglobulin. The proposed Hcy estimation in plasma preparations prior and after ultrafiltration may be performed in any laboratory with kits for tHcy evaluation in plasma. Evaluation of Hcy fraction associated with > 300 kDa plasma proteins by means of centrifugal device Vivaspin 300 000 MWCO PES «Sartorius» provides information about Hcy transport by an additional way in macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and others in vascular wall by receptorial endocytosis.
OBESITY AND ANGIOTENSIN II
Authors: Krasilnikova E. I. , Bystrova A. A. , Chilashvili M. A. , Stepanova V. I. , Ryumina I. A. , Simanenkova A. V. , Baranova E. I.
Published: December 2018

Pathogenesis of hypertension in overweight and obese patients is to be studied due to the great theoretical and practical importance. The additional mechanisms directly involved in the development of hypertension in subjects with abdominal obesity have been determined. Functional disorders of adipose tissue were shown to play an important role in the development of hypertension in obese patients, and in some cases adiposopathy can be the primary cause of hypertension. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was shown to change signifi cantly in obesity. Understanding the causes and mechanisms of hypertension in patients with abdominal obesity is of particular interest because it allows more focused prevention and treatment of the disease.
TARGET DOSES OR TARGET PARAMETERS: WHAT IS PIVOTAL FOR CARDIOVASCULAR RISK DECREASE?
Authors: Gilyarevskiy S. R. , Kuzmina I. M. , Golshmid M. V. , Sinitsina I. I. , Zakharova G. U.
Published: December 2018

The article reviews the up-to-date approaches to the secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications, and the clinical situations when the target drug doses or target parameter levels are important to achieve an effect. We discuss the role of available evidence in titrating doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins and beta-blockers.
HYPERTENSION IN THYROTOXICOSIS AND ITS IMPACT ON LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Babenko A. Yu. , Grineva E. N. , Solntsev V. N.
Published: December 2018

Objective. We present the results of the study assessing the frequency and character of hypertension in thyrotoxicosis, and its impact on left ventricular remodeling and cardiovascular prognosis.

Results and conclusions. Our data demonstrated that hypertension, and predominantly systolic hypertension, is highly prevalent in thyrotoxicosis and affects left ventricular remodeling. All normotensive patients developed only eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The prevalence of LVH, and of its concentric forms increases with the elevation of blood pressure. Concentric LVH is associated with the high rate of atrial fi brillation and heart failure.
THE EFFECTS OF TRANSCATHETER RENAL DENERVATION ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND BRAIN STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSION
Authors: Afanasieva N. L. , Pekarskiy S. E. , Mordovin V. F. , Semke G. V. , Ripp T. M. , Lichikaki V. A. , Vintizenko S. I. , Lukiyanenok P. I. , Karpov R. S.
Published: December 2018

Objective.To study the changes of 24-hour blood pressure parameters and brain structure at follow-up after transcatheter renal denervation in resistant hypertension.

Design and methods.We enrolled patients with verified resistant hypertension undergoing an intervention that included 4–8 applications of radiofrequency discharge in both renal arteries using a standard catheter5 F under the controlled temperature regimen (60 С0, 8 Watt, 2-minute application). The efficiency of the intervention was assessed by the office and 24-hour blood pressure decrease within 6 months after intervention. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance tomography («Magnetom-OPEN», «Siemens AG», Germany).

Results.By the time of statistical analysis 45 subjects underwent renal denervation, there was not a single case of renal artery damage. At six-month follow-up a significant reduction of office blood pressure (-34,8/-17,2 mmHg; p < 0,00001/0,00001), and mean 24-hour blood pressure (-11,1/-7,1 mmHg; p < 0,001/0,001) was found. No increase of encephalopathy signs by magnetic resonance tomography was found. At the same time there was a reduction of the linear size of lateral ventricles of the brain, subarachnoid space, III ventricle of the brain, liquor volume in the lateral ventricles of the brain.

Conclusions.Renal denervation is a safe method resulting in effective blood pressure reduction in resistant hypertension. It is associated with the positive changes of encephalopathy and liquor dynamics according to the magnetic resonance tomography.
MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION: NEW PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Kobalava Zh. D. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Villevalde S. V. , Amirbegishvili I. M. , Solovyova A. E.
Published: December 2018

The paper reviews the data on the novel drugs and procedures for hypertension management. Several directions are discussed: 1) novel drugs including novel pharmacological classes and novel molecules with additional effects on blood pressure and metabolism; 2) novel procedures and novel devices including baroreceptor stimulation and catheter renal sympathetic denervation
ASSOCIATION OF rs9939609 FTO GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS COMPONENTS IN RUSSIAN POPULATION
Authors: Khromova N. V. , Rotar O. P. , Erina A. M. , Shavshin D. A. , Alexeeva N. P. , Kostareva A. A. , Konradi A. O,. , Shlyakhto E. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To study the association of genetic determinant (A-risk allele of rs9939609 SNP of FTO gene) with prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in residents of different Russian cities.

Design and methods. We examined 425 patients with MS or its components from different cities of Russia (St Petersburg, Kursk, Kaliningrad), stratiied by sex and age [175 male (41,2 %) and 250 female (58,8 %), mean age — 47,2 ± 0,6 years]. All subjects were interviewed with special questionnaire. Physical examination included anthropometry (waist and hip circumferences, weight, height), blood pressure and heart rate registration. MS was deined according to NCEP-ATPIII as well as IDF (2005) and JIS (2009) criteria. Fasting plasma lipids and glucose were performed in all patients by Hitachi-902 equipment (Roche reagents). Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was puriied from peripheral blood lymphocytes and genotyping was performed using real time polymerase chain reaction method by allele-speciic probes (Applied Biosystems).

Results. Among males with AA genotype waist and hip circumferences and weight were higher, compared to subjects with TA and TT genotypes (p = 0,0002, p = 0,001 and p = 0,01, respectively). There was a tendency to the increase of body mass index (BMI) in the group with AA genotype compared to subjects with TA and TT genotypes (29,7 ± 0,7; 27,6 ± 0,4 and 27,9 ± 0,3 kg/m2, respectively, р = 0,1). In our study AA genotype was associated with higher glucose level compared to TA and TT genotypes (5,6 ± 0,2; 5,0 ± 0,1 and 5,1 ± 0,1 mmol/l, respectively, p = 0,04). There was a tendency to the increase of the proportion of hypertensives among patients with AA genotype compared to TA and TT genotypes (70,5; 65,2 and 57 %, respectively, p = 0,18).

Conclusion. In Russian population FTO genepolymorphism rs9969309 is associated not only with abdominal obesity, but also with other components of MS, including hyperglycemia and hypertension.
FIBROSIS AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION — МECHANISMS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Emelyanov I. M.
Published: December 2018

The molecular mechanisms of atrial fibrosis, including the role of serotonin, in atrial fibrillation as well as possible therapeutic approaches are discussed.
PATHOGENESIS OF AORTIC STENOSIS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Irtyuga O. B. , Zhiduleva E. V. , Kazakova E. E. , Moiseeva O. M.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To assess osteoprotegerin (OPG) and soluble ligand receptor activator of transcription factor kappa-B (RANKL) levels in patients with  aortic stenosis and systemic hypertension.

Design and methods. Sixty-one patients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS) [31 patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and 30 patients with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV)] were examined. Thirty-two patients without heart diseases formed the control group. Serum levels of C-reactive protein, ОPG, sRANKL and lipid profile were assessed in all patients.

Results. Elevated blood pressure (BP) was found in 93 % patients with TAV and in 71 % patients with BAV. Serum concentration of OPG was increased in patients with TAV and BAV vs control group. OPG concentration was negatively correlated with BP level only in patients with TAV. sRANKL level was increased only in patients with BAV. At the same time sRANKL level positively correlated with BP in patients with TAV.

 Conclusion. Systemic hypertension is the key risk factor for OPG/RANKL/RANK system activation in patients without congenital heart disease.
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IN ELDERLY PEOPLE
Authors: Poliakova A. A. , Semernin E. N. , Streltcova A. A. , Kostareva A. A. , Gudkova A. Ya.
Published: December 2018

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a leader in genetic structure of cardiovascular system. According  to modern concepts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with mutations of sarcomere proteins is just one  of the reasons leading to the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Hypertrophic phenotype is also observed in a number of genetically and non-genetically related diseases. According to population-based studies conducted in the USA, Europe and Japan, the prevalence of HCM is 1:500. Apparently, the data obtained in these studies and  based primarily on the phenotypic screening cannot be extrapolated to the full cohort of patients with HCM and  reflect the general incidence of hypertrophic phenotype in different populations. There are some publications on the prevalence of HCM in the structure of LVH of unknown cause in children and adolescents. The features of the clinical course of HCM, risk stratification of sudden cardiac death (SCD), medical management in young and middle age are studied. At the same time elderly patients with unexplained LVH are the least studied cohort.  Study of the natural history of the disease, risk factors for adverse events, including the SCD, the impact of comorbidity on the clinical manifestations of HCM in the elderly will contribute better understanding of this pathology, as well as a number of other diseases occurring under the guise of HCM. This can help to develop the algorithms for diagnosis, prediction criteria and management of LVH of unknown cause.
ON THE PROBLEM OF REGIONAL SPECIFICS OF MEDICAL CARE FOR HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Sazanova G. Yu.
Published: December 2018

Objective. The comparative study of the actual performance of diagnostic procedures for in-patients with essential hypertension. Design and methods. Evaluation of the execution of diagnostic standards was done by the assessment of the percentage of factual performance of recommended diagnostic methods according to primary medical reports. The methods used in the research are content analysis, analytical and statistical analysis.

Results. Out of 44 (100 %) recommended parameters of standard diagnostic procedures only 16 (36,4 %) were performed in Central District Hospital, 18 (40,9 %) — in the city hospitals, 13 (29,5 %) — in the regional and federal hospitals. Out of 27 parameters only 12 were carried out with the required frequency 1,0, while the rest 15 parameters were carried out with the frequency 0,2–0,9. Few parameters were performed more frequently than it is recommended by the standards.

Conclusion. The defined defects emphasize the necessity of the further analysis of the reasonability of the evaluation and performance of some diagnostic procedures at different levels of medical health care delivery.
ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMAS: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Grineva E. N. , Belousova L. V. , Basek I. V.
Published: December 2018

Adrenal incidentaloma is an unsuspected and asymptomatic mass, usually detected by an imaging study performed for other purposes. The widespread use of diagnostic ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging has resulted in the frequent incidental discovery of asymptomatic adrenal mass. Adrenal incidentalomas represent a public health challenge because they are increasingly recognized in current medical practice. The majority of adrenal incidentalomas are benign, but careful evaluation of all patients is warranted to be certain that malignant tumours and functional adenomas are not missed. The article reviews the presentation, evaluation and management of adrenal incidentalomas.
THE PREVALЕNCE OF PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM IN PATIENTS WITH UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION AND IN PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUSLY DETECTED ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMA: THE DATABASE OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE SPECIALIZED CENTER
Authors: Avdonina N. G. , Zvartau N. E. , Emelianov I. V. , Vasilieva E. Yu. , Khokhunov O. A. , Polekhin S. A. , Grineva E. N. , Konradi A. O.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To determine the prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) through routine practice — among patients visiting a specialized antihypertensive center due to uncontrolled hypertension or with adrenal incidentalomas.

Design and methods. We included 314 patents with uncontrolled hypertension and 195 patients with incidentalomas. Aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR), hormonal tests and examination for exclusion of symptomatic hypertension were performed in all subjects.

 Results. PA diagnosis was confirmed in 27 patients with uncontrolled hypertension (8,6 % hypertensive patients) and in 17 % patients with adrenal incidentalomas. ARR increase as well as elevated aldosterone level were found in all subjects, and all of them had high PA risk.

Conclusions. The prevalence of PA is 8,6 % patients with uncontrolled hypertension and 17 % patients with adrenal incidentalomas. ARR increase along with aldosterone level elevation should be considered at patient evaluation.
Factores asociados al estrés en estudiantes de odontología de una universidad peruana
Authors: Córdova Sotomayor Daniel Angel , Santa Maria Carlos Flor Benigna
Published: December 2018

Objetivos: Determinar los factores asociados al estrés en estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de una Universidad Peruana. Material y Métodos: El estudio fue no experimental y transversal realizado durante abril y mayo del 2016. La muestra fue de 140 estudiantes de Odontología seleccionada por muestreo no probabilístico; los criterios de selección fueron todos los estudiantes de ambos sexos matriculados en el semestre académico y que fi rmaran el consentimiento informado, los datos para determinar la presencia de estrés se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación del cuestionario “Dental Environment Stress Questionaire”. Para evaluar la asociación entre el estrés y la edad, sexo y nivel académico se utilizó la prueba Chi-cuadrado, se calcularon los odds ratio (OR). Resultados: El estrés académico se presentó en el 75,7% de los estudiantes y se encontró una asociación estadísticamente signifi cativa con el nivel académico de los estudiantes (p <0,05) observándose mayor estrés en el nivel preclínico que en el nivel clínico; y con la edad de los estudiantes (p<0,05) observándose mayor estrés en los adultos jóvenes que en los adultos. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los estudiantes de odontología de una universidad peruana presentan estrés académico, el cual está asociado al nivel académico y a la edad.
Factores sociodemográficos y culturales asociados a los hábitos de salud bucal en individuos adultos
Authors: Dho María Silvina
Published: December 2018

Objetivos: Describir los hábitos de higiene bucal de personas adultas (35 a 44 años) de la ciudad de Corrientes y determinar la infl uencia de variables sociodemográfi cas y culturales en dichos hábitos. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de base poblacional. La información sobre las variables de estudio se recopiló mediante una encuesta domiciliaria (2013). Se estableció el tamaño de la muestra con un nivel de confi anza del 95% (381 individuos). Se aplicó un diseño muestral polietápico. Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos de salud bucodental resultó ser un predictor signifi cativo del hábito de cepillado dental después de cada comida y junto con el nivel socioeconómico son un predictor signifi cativo de la práctica de renovar el cepillo dental cada 3 meses. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente signifi cativas en relación al sexo. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo pueden ser utilizados en el diseño de programas de salud oral que contemplen los determinantes socioculturales del proceso salud-enfermedad.
Intensive Care Unit Nurses’ Performance Regarding Caring Patients With Head Injury: An Educational Intervention
Authors: Mohammad Eman Elsayed Hussein
Published: December 2018

Head injury (HI) is one of the major causes of disability, death and health related costs. The primary goal of nursing management in head injury is to maintain adequate cerebral tissue perfusion. This study aimed to evaluate the intensive care unit nurses’ performance regarding caring patients with head injury: Setting at Zagazig University Hospitals. Material and methods: a quasi-experimental (pre/post and follow up-test design) research design was utilized. A convenient sample of (45) nurses who provide direct care for head injury patients in neurological and stroke Intensive care Unit. Data was obtained using two main tools; head injury care knowledge assessment questionnaire with the socio-demographic data sheet, and head injury care practice observational checklists. The instructional intervention was designed based on an extensive revision of the related, recent literature. The intervention was delivered throughout ten weeks. Each week involved three sessions. Every session lasts about forty to sixty minutes. Nurses were divided into 9 groups, 5 nurses each. Results revealed that the mean knowledge and practice scores of nurses are increased immediately after implementation of the program with a significant statistical difference. This increased level slightly decreased following two months of program implementation. In addition, a positive correlation was found between knowledge and practice scores of the study subjects. Therefore, the two stated research hypothesis were supported. Conclusion educational intervention has a positive effect in developing critical care nursing performance regarding caring patient with head injury.
Effect of Breathing Exercises on Quality of Recovery Among Postoperative Patients
Authors: Hussein Eman Elsayed , Taha Nadia Mohamed
Published: December 2018

Postoperative breathing exercises are widely important for patient to prevent postoperative respiratory complications. Breathing exercises had a highly positive effect on improving quality of recovery among post-operative patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of breathing exercises on quality of recovery among post-operative patients. Setting at Zagazig University Hospitals. Material and Method: a quasi-experimental (pre and posttest design). A purposive sample of total 258 study participants, 129 in experimental and 129 in control group based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection questionnaire were prepared with extensive review of previous literatures. Data collection through three tools includes, interviewing questionnaire sheet, postoperative quality scale and visual analogue scale of patient postoperative quality assessment scale. Breathing exercise (BE) was taught and practiced by the patients in experimental group and in control group routine postoperative care was followed. Result: postoperative quality rate was significantly different in experimental group were higher than in control group. Conclusion: post-operative breathing exercises improve postoperative quality.
Characterizing Selected Wetland Habitats’ Desiccation Phenomena Using the Crop Water Stress Index
Authors: Góraj Maciej , Ciężkowski Wojciech , Sikorski Piotr , Kleniewska Małgorzata , Szporak-Wasilewska Sylwia , Jóźwiak Jacek , Gnatowski Tomasz , Szatyłowicz Jan , Chormański Jarosław
Published: December 2018

The research carried out concerned the laboratory assessment of the applicability of the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) as a practical tool for assessing the risk of desiccation for selected wetland habitats: transition mires and quaking bogs as well as alkaline fens. The analysis was carried out on 3 soil samples with a vegetation cover (with the dimensions of 40×40×30 cm) collected during the full vegetation season for each mentioned habitat, with a characteristic species composition. Experimental research was carried out between 17th May 2018 and 19th June 2018. Thermal, RGB and multispectral images, chlorophyll content, volumetric soil moisture, air temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken for each sample every two days. The obtained results clearly indicate the dependence between CWSI and plant condition parameters in the first phase of desiccation. At the same time, as a result of the observations taken, thresholds have been set, indicating different desiccation phases.
Investigation of Corrosion Resistance of poly(o-phenylenediamine)-ZnO Composites on Carbon Steel
Authors: Zhou Chaogang , Zhou Chaojin , Zhang Jiawei
Published: December 2018

Synthesis of poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) and poly(o-phenylenediamine)-ZnO (PoPD-ZnO) nanocomposites on carbon steel by in-situ polymerization with HCl acid as doping acid Material coating. The composition and structure of PoPD-ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion protection ability of polymer coatings in 3.5% NaCl was studied by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It can be seen from the electrochemical corrosion experimental data that PoPD-WPU coating (PWC) and PoPD-ZnO-WPU coating (PZWC) can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the carbon steel substrate, and the corrosion rate is reduced by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared with carbon steel. The conclusion demontrates that PoPD can effectively extend the service life of carbon steel substrates. In addition, it is advantageous to form a compact and low-defect coating when added nano-particle ZnO, which is advantageous for the POPD film to develop its good barrier property and corrosion resistance.
Structural Connections between Long Genetic and Literary Texts
Authors: Petoukhov Sergey
Published: December 2018

Impressing discoveries in the field of the genetic code have been described by its researchers by means of the terminology borrowed from linguistics and the theory of communications. Leading experts on structural linguistics believe for a long time already that languages of human dialogue were formed not from an empty place, but they are continuation of genetic language or, anyhow, are closely connected with it, confirming the idea of information commonality of organisms. The aticle continues the theme about a connection of linquistic languages with the genetic language. It describes results of comparative study of long Russian literary texts (novels by L.Tolstoy, F.Dostoevsky, A.Pushkin, etc.) and long sequences of hydrogen bonds in double helixes of DNA of different organisms. Formalisms of quantum informatics are used in modeling some of these results taking into account thoughts of many researches about possible using principles of quantum informatics in organisation of living bodies.
On the Determinants of Unemployment Rate in Nigeria: Evidence from Fully Modified OLS and Error Correction Model
Authors: Adenomon Monday Osagie , Okoro-Ugochukwu N. A. , Adenomon C. A.
Published: December 2018

This study employed the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and the Error Correction Model (ECM) to investigate the long-run and short-run determinants of unemployment rate in Nigeria. To achieve this annual data on unemployment rate, inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate and population growth from 1981 to 2016 was collected from Central Bank Statistical Bulletins and the World Bank website. The ADF test revealed that the macroeconomic variables are stationary at first difference while the Cointegration test revealed that the variables are cointegrated. Using unemployment rate as dependent variable, the FMOLS model revealed that exchange rate and population growth are positively significantly related to unemployment rate, interest rate and inflation rate were negatively related to unemployment rate but only interest rate was significant. The short run relationship revealed that the coefficient of the ecm(-1) is negative and statistically significant at 5% level indicating that the system corrects its previous period disequilibrium at the speed of 48.93% yearly. This study concludes that high exchange rate and population growth can lead to increase in unemployment rate in Nigeria while the government should develop the industrial sector and non-oil sector in order to generate employment and boost export in Nigeria.
IUCN Red List of Ecosystems: Implications for Public Policy
Authors: Alaniz Alberto , Perez-Quezada Jorge F. , Galleguillos Mauricio , Vásquez Alexis E. , Keith David A.
Published: December 2018

Threats to natural ecosystems are closely linked to human development, and the lack, insufficiency or inefficiency of public policies are some of the most important drivers of negative effects on the environment. The contribution of the IUCN’s Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) to conservation topics has been discussed in previous studies; however, to date its implications for conservation in public policies have not been addressed. This perspective discusses how the RLE may support the improvement and development of these policies, specifically through the implications for public policy of each of the criteria that substantiate the threat status of ecosystems. We aim to provide a plausible baseline to the operationalization of RLE in public and conservation policy, facilitating the work of governments, practitioners and decision makers. Finally, we provide recommendations and examples as to how to proceed in creating and modifying different public policy instruments, such as land-use planning, spatial zoning, tax reduction, compensation schemes, climate change adaptation plans, management of introduced species, development offsets and restoration investment. This perspective contributes to implement RLE into public policy and to improve ecosystem conservation by expanding the current scope of RLE into practical and political dimensions through plausible actions, policies and strategies.
The Conservation Status of Costa Rican Velvet Worms (Onychophora)
Authors: Morera Bernal , Monge-Najera Julian , Carrera Mora Paola
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT: Charismatic species, like the panda, play an important role in conservation, and velvet worms arguably are charismatic worms. Thanks to their extraordinary hunting mechanism, they have inspired from a female metal band in Japan, to origami worms in Russia and video game monsters in the USA. Objective: To assess their conservation status in Costa Rica. Methods: we located all collection records of the 29 known species from the Onychophora Database in the map of the Costa Rican Conservation Network. Results: We found that seven species are protected inside forest reserves, five in Protected Zones, four in Wildlife Refuges, two in National Parks and one, Principapillatus hitoyensis, in a strictly pristine Biological Reserve. The largest species in the world, Peripatus solorzanoi, occurs both inside a Forest Reserve and in protected private land. Protection inside Costa Rican nature areas is enforced year round by personnel that includes armed guards, and is supported by educational programs in surrounding communities. Twelve species have not been found in protected areas, but in Costa Rica, all biological species, named and unnamed, are protected by law and cannot be legally collected, or exported, without technically issued permits. Conclusion: Like in the only other country with similar information (New Zealand), the conservation of onychophorans seems to be of least concern for at least two thirds of the known species. Epiperipatus isthmicola, recently rediscovered after a century of absence in collections, can be considered Threatened because nearly all of its natural habitat has now been covered by a city.
The Report of Marine Life Genomic Research
Authors: Fan Guangyi , Chen Jianwei , Jin Tao , Shi Chengcheng , Du Xiao , Zhang He , Zhang Yaolei , Li Hanbo , Luo Ting , Yan Pengxu , Liu Guang , Chi Xiangqun , Tan Xiaoxuan , Li Liangwei , Liu Guilin , Liu Xiaochuan , Hao Shijie , Han Kai , Huang Xiaoyun , Sun Shuai , Zhou Jing , Yu Mengjun , Meng Lingfeng , Chang Yue , Zhang Rui , Liu Kaiqiang , Zhang Mengqi , Zhao Yong , Li Chang , Guo Jiao , Guo Xinyu , Wang Jiahao , Lv Meiqi , Gao Haoyang , Liu Yujie , Song Yue , Wang Shengjun , Deng Yang , Ouyang Binjie , Lin Jinzhong , Yu Yingjia , Fink lynn , Yang Xianwei , Xu Xun , Liu Xin
Published: December 2018

With the continuing development of sequencing technology, genomics has been applied in a variety of biological research areas. In particular, the application of genomics to marine species, which boast a high diversity, promises great scientific and industrial potential. Significant progress has been made in marine genomics especially over the past few years. Consequently, BGI, leveraging its prominent contributions in genomics research, established BGI-Qingdao, an institute specifically aimed at exploring marine genomics. In order to accelerate marine genomics research and related applications, BGI-Qingdao initiated the International Conference on Genomics of the Ocean (ICG-Ocean) to develop international collaborations and establish a focused and coherent global research plan. Last year, the first ICG-Ocean conference was held in Qingdao, China, during which 47 scientists in marine genomics from all over the world reported on their research progress to an audience of about 300 attendees. This year, we would like to build on that success, drafting a report on marine genomics to draw global attention to marine genomics. We summarized the recent progress, proposed future directions, and we would like to enable additional profound insights on marine genomics. Similar to the annual report on plant and fungal research by Kew Gardens, and the White Paper of ethical issues on experimental animals, we hope our first report on marine genomics can provide some useful insights for researchers, funding agencies as well as industry, and that future versions will expand upon the foundation established here in both breadth and depth of knowledge.This report summarizes the recent progress in marine genomics in six parts including: marine microorganisms, marine fungi, marine algae and plants, marine invertebrates, marine vertebrates and genomics-based applications.
Statistical Approach to Spectrogram Analysis for Radio-Frequency Interference Detection and Mitigation in an L-band Microwave Radiometer
Authors: Oh Myeonggeun , Kim Yong-Hoon
Published: December 2018

For the elimination of radio-frequency interference (RFI) in a passive microwave radiometer, the threshold level is generally calculated from the mean value and standard deviation. However, a serious problem that can arise is an error in the retrieved brightness temperature from a higher threshold level owing to the presence of RFI. In this paper, we propose a method to detect and mitigate RFI contamination using the threshold level from statistical criteria based on a spectrogram technique. Mean and skewness spectrograms are created from a brightness temperature spectrogram by shifting the 2-D window to discriminate the form of the symmetric distribution as a natural thermal emission signal. From the remaining bins of the mean spectrogram eliminated by RFI-flagged bins in the skewness spectrogram for data captured at 0.1-s intervals, two distribution sides are identically created from the left side of the distribution by changing the standard position of the distribution. Simultaneously, kurtosis calculations from these bins for each symmetric distribution are repeatedly performed to determine the retrieved brightness temperature corresponding to the closest kurtosis value of three. The performance is evaluated using experimental data, and the error in the retrieved brightness temperature is observed to be less than approximately 3 K from a window with a size of 100 × 100 time-frequency bins according to the RFI levels and cases.