bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A spatio-temporal analysis of water investment allocation in Colombia and its impacts on drinking water quality
Authors: Castillo-Castillo Adriana , El-Khattabi Ahmed Rachid , Fernandez Jaime
Published: January 2025

Investments in the water sector are important for economic and social development. Though the impacts of extending coverage are well-documented, the impacts of investment on water quality remain unclear. We assess the extent to which different types of investments in the water sector affect water quality from three perspectives (resource management, operation management, and water quality management) by implementing fixed effects, nonparametric fixed effects, and structural equation models. We introduce an innovative spatial index to account for investments in water treatment and sewage made by upstream municipalities. We use a panel dataset from 2009 to 2014 with nearly 400 observations at the provider-municipality level in Colombia with information on drinking water quality, and key variables that may influence it such as investment in water and sewage, poverty, and rurality. We show that improving resource allocation could enhance the effect of investment on water quality. Provider size also plays a role: investments made by providers with 100–450 employees show significant improvements, while other provider sizes do not. Finally, we show the need for investment in chemical, physical, and microbiological components that improve water quality.
Bioinks for engineering gradient-based osteochondral and meniscal tissue substitutes: a review
Authors: Heydarigoojani Mahdieh , Farokhi Maryam , Simorgh Sara
Published: January 2025

Gradient tissues are anisotropic structure with gradual transition in structural and biological properties. The gradient in structural, mechanical and biochemical properties of osteochondral and meniscal tissues play a major role in defining tissue functions. Designing tissue substitutes that replicate these gradient properties is crucial to facilitate regeneration of tissue functions following injuries. Advanced manufacturing technologies such as 3D bioprinting hold great potentials for recreating gradient nature of tissues through using zone-specific bioinks and layer-by-layer deposition of spatially defined biomaterials, cell types and bioactive cues. This review highlighted the gradients in osteochondral and meniscal tissues in detail, elaborated on individual components of the bioink, and reviewed recent advancements in 3D gradient-based osteochondral and meniscal tissue substitutes. Finally, key challenges of the field and future perspectives for developing gradient-based tissue substitutes were discussed. The insights from these advances can broaden the possibilities for engineering gradient tissues.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on IAGTO-VMD and Kurtosis-MIC Criterion
Authors: Li Bailin , Tang Song , Chen Siyuan , Cui Xiaolong , Fu Wenlong
Published: January 2025

The fault vibration signal of the rolling bearing is nonlinear, non-stationary, and easily disturbed by noise. Therefore, the rolling bearing fault diagnosis is difficult. In this paper, a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on the improved Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer-variational mode decomposition (IAGTO-VMD) and kurtosis-maximal information coefficient (MIC) criterion is proposed. Firstly, in order to improve the ability of Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer (AGTO) to get rid of the local optimal solution and the convergence speed, several improvement strategies are introduced into AGTO. Secondly, the parameters K and α of VMD are optimized adaptively through IAGTO. The vibration signals are decomposed by the optimized VMD, and a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are obtained. Thirdly, to solve the problem that the kurtosis is easily affected by strong interference components and outliers, a kurtosis-MIC criterion is proposed. The IMFs containing abundant fault feature information can be more effectively selected and reconstructed by the kurtosis-MIC criterion. Finally, bearing fault diagnosis is achieved by Convolutional Neural Network, and the dataset is constructed based on the reconstructed signals. The calculation results of the benchmark functions indicate that IAGTO has excellent convergence accuracy and convergence speed. The simulation results show that the proposed method can increase the SNR from -7.9989 dB to 1.7681 dB. The average fault diagnosis accuracies of the proposed method on two experimental datasets are 97.675% and 99.625%, respectively. They are at least 1.25% and 2% higher than the results based on other methods, respectively. Moreover, in the noise resistance experiments, the accuracy of the proposed method is higher than that of other methods. The above results demonstrate the feasibility, superiority and robustness of the proposed method in fault feature extraction and fault diagnosis.
Domain knowledge-based deterministic graph traversal method for white blood cell classification
Authors: P Jeneessha , Balasubramanian Vinoth Kumar
Published: January 2025

White blood cells (WBCs) play a crucial role in human immunity by defending the body against harmful antigens. Classifying WBCs into their five distinct types provides valuable information for assessing human health and identifying various medical conditions. Computer vision models in the literature utilize machine learning and deep learning techniques, to attain high classification accuracy, but they involve complex architectures. In contrast, the proposed work leverages domain knowledge about WBCs to construct a directed graph and applies a deterministic traversal method to the graph to perform classification. The proposed method is trained and tested using multiple datasets namely, the Blood Cell Count and Detection (BCCD) and LISC datasets to evaluate the performance on varying datasets. The performance metrics include accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, achieving 99.13% accuracy, 99.25% precision, 99.25% recall, and 99.25% F1 score, on the BCCD dataset. 97.05% accuracy, 97.04% precision, 96.93% recall, and 96.94% F1 score on the LISC dataset making it efficient for WBC classification task.
A variant of Maclaurin’s inequality
Authors: Tao Terence
Published: January 2025

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Annihilating Facticity
Authors: Bruno G Anthony
Published: January 2025

Chapter 2 traces the origin of Fichte’s neologism from his early Berlin texts, showing that ‘facticity’ refers to the same intolerable radical contingency to which his logical innovation in Jena is the intended solution. Next, the chapter demonstrates the methodological continuity between the Jena and Berlin presentations of the Wissenschaftslehre, which consistently divide this system into two parts, namely, the intellectual intuition or ‘insight’ into the I as first principle and the genetic deduction or ‘genesis’ of the conditions of the I’s intelligibility in experience. The chapter then details Fichte’s observation in the 1804 spring lectures in Berlin that his own doctrine of intellectual intuition contains an ideal form, namely, the thought of the I, and a real content, namely, the intuition of the I, that are factically and thus unacceptably presupposed; it then reconstructs his genetic deduction of this form and content from the I itself. The chapter concludes by observing that although Heidegger shares the anti-nihilistic spirit of Fichte’s idealism, they endorse diametrically opposed conceptions of facticity. This anticipates the full analysis of the advantage and promise of Heidegger’s hermeneutics of facticity in Part III.
Hiatus Irrationalis
Authors: Bruno G Anthony
Published: January 2025

Chapter 5 considers Lask’s claim that Fichte coins ‘facticity’ to name the limit of genetic deduction, namely, the material particularity of individuals that resists deductions from the I. Next, it shows that Lask mistakes the task of a genetic deduction and thereby mistakes the problem that Fichte’s neologism names. The problem is not the haecceity of individuals, which I call their ‘material facticity,’ but is rather the rhapsodic determination of the conditions of intelligibility, which I call their ‘formal facticity.’ This alone explains Fichte’s explicit, repeated commitment to expunging facticity as far as possible from the Wissenschaftslehre. The chapter then shows that, despite his misreading, Lask’s conception of the facticity of individuals’ existence prefigures Heidegger’s conception of the facticity of Dasein’s existence yet does not obstruct the latter’s phenomenological critique of what I call Fichte’s ‘rationalist recoil from facticity.’ The chapter concludes by introducing Dilthey’s conception of the hermeneutical method and explaining why, according to Heidegger, it demands a turn toward a hermeneutics of the facticity of Dasein.
Conclusion
Authors: Trencsényi Balázs
Published: January 2025

The concluding chapter compares the interwar discourses of crisis and the post-2000 uses of the concept while seeking to analyze the underlying temporalities that shape political ideologies and systems. In this context, it explores the genealogical and structural links of the dominant neoliberal and populist ideological contenders of liberal democracy and the interwar discursive frameworks. At the same time, it also points to a transformation of these underlying temporalities: it is not so much the past and the future (notwithstanding the proliferation of catastrophic scenarios) that is the center of attention, but rather the present, which expands backward and forward as well. In this context, authoritarian projects, often combining populist and neoliberal elements, also seek to “rule the present” by perpetuating the crisis they promise to contain. From this perspective, the book argues that we should not abandon the discourse of crisis to the use of these authoritarian contenders. Rather, we must seek to reframe it to carve out a self-reflective, self-critical (but not self-destructive) position maintaining the compatibility of liberalism and democracy, thus also contributing to the “reopening” of the future for political imagination and action.
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of PainChek in older general hospital patients with dementia
Authors: Sampson Elizabeth L , Davies Nathan , Vickerstaff Victoria
Published: January 2025

Background

Pain is common in people with dementia in general hospitals. This can be difficult to identify.

Objectives

To evaluate the psychometric properties of PainChek electronic pain assessment tool.

Design

Cross-sectional psychometric study.

Setting

Six medical care of older people wards from two general hospitals in greater London, UK.

Subjects

63 people with clinical diagnosis of dementia: mean 84 years (SD 6.7), 59% female, 69% living in their own homes, 64% white British, 77% moderate/severe dementia.

Method

Psychometric evaluation of PainChek, a point-of-care electronic pain assessment tool combining artificial intelligence, facial analysis and smartphone technology. From a total of 216 assessments, we tested PainChek’s inter-rater reliability (IRR) (Cohen’s kappa), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and concurrent validity (Pearson’s coefficient) between PainChek and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scores at rest and post-movement [95% confidence interval (95% CI) where appropriate]. We assessed convergent validity with Symptom Management–End of Life in Dementia scale (SM-EOLD) (Pearson’s coefficient) and discriminant validity (rest vs post-movement).

Results

IRR was 0.714 (95% CI 0.562 to 0.81) (rest) and 0.817 (95% CI 0.692 to 0.894) (post-movement). Internal consistency was 0.755 (rest) and 0.833 (post-movement). Concurrent validity with PAINAD was 0.528 (95% CI 0.317 to 0.690) (rest) and 0.787 (0.604 to 0.891) (post-movement). Convergent validity with SM-EOLD was −0.555 (95% CI −0.726 to −0.318) (rest) and −0.5644 (95% CI −0.733 to −0.331) (post-movement). Discriminant validity was significant.

Conclusions

PainChek is a valid and reliable pain assessment tool for people with dementia in general hospitals. Further consideration will be needed for implementation into this setting.
Silicone Leakage From Breast Implants and Its Association With Capsular Contracture in 657 Patients
Authors: Larsen Andreas , Bak Erik Eiler Frydshou , Weltz Tim Kongsmark , Hemmingsen Mathilde Nejrup , Andersen Pia Cajsa Leth , Bredgaard Rikke , Damsgaard Tine Engberg , Elberg Jens Jørgen , Trillingsgaard Jesper , Mielke Louise Vennegaard , Hölmich Lisbet Rosenkrantz , Vester-Glowinski Peter , Ørholt Mathias , Herly Mikkel
Published: January 2025

Background

Capsular contracture is a common complication following breast reconstruction and augmentation, but there is limited evidence for the association between silicone leaking from the implant and capsular contracture.

Objectives

To determine the association between silicone leaking into the surrounding fibrous capsule and the risk of capsular contracture.

Methods

This multicenter cross-sectional study included patients undergoing revisional surgery for any indication following breast reconstruction or augmentation with silicone implants. Silicone in the fibrous capsule was quantified using histopathological analysis, and capsular contracture was diagnosed using the Baker classification. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between the amount of silicone leakage and the predicted risk of capsular contracture. The association was tested in a sensitivity analysis excluding potential confounders and misclassifications.

Results

Among 657 included patients (1147 breasts), 272 patients (346 breasts) had either unilateral or bilateral capsular contracture. Capsular contracture was significantly associated with the amount of silicone in the fibrous capsule (P < .001), independent from the time of implantation (P < .001). The excess risk of capsular contracture increased rapidly by 12% (95% CI, 5.0-18), going from 0.00 mL (0-32nd percentile) to 0.26 mL (60th percentile) of silicone in the fibrous capsule. The association was confirmed in the sensitivity analysis of 421 patients (654 breasts) with intact implants.

Conclusions

Even small amounts of silicone leakage are associated with a significantly increased risk of capsular contracture. This highlights the importance of using breast implants with low silicone leakage rates, such as highly cohesive implants, to prevent capsular contracture.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
Producing spaces of care in public urban places: Discovering relations between social workers’ work knowledge and social spaces
Authors: Mjåland Leni
Published: January 2025

Social work studies have been attentive to the significance of space and place, but few have explored the relationship between space and social workers’ ‘work knowledge’. The literature on professional discretion has focused on ways in which bureaucratization, rules, and procedures structure and limit the ability to engage meaningfully with clients in social work practices. This study builds on findings from observations of and interviews with social workers employed in NGO-based services doing outreach work in public urban places. These social workers have ample room to make autonomous judgements in their everyday work. While communication is fundamental in deciding how to engage with recipients of care, this article explores how space is significant for care practices. The study examines relations between ‘work knowledge’ and space by drawing on theoretical perspectives from institutional ethnography and Lefebvre’s spatial analysis. This conceptual approach assists in making visible central processes, skills, and knowledge involved in social work practices easily ignored when observing institutional aspects that organize social work practices. The study finds that social workers’ negotiation of how to best provide care is constituted by spatial aspects, as well as how social workers simultaneously engage in transforming space through their practices.
The cingulum: anatomy, connectivity and what goes beyond
Authors: Kollenburg Linda , Arnts Hisse , Green Alexander , Strauss Ido , Vinke Saman , Kurt Erkan
Published: January 2025

For over half a century, the cingulum has been the subject of neuroanatomical and therapeutic investigations owing to its wide range of functions and involvement in various neurological and psychiatric diseases. Recent clinical studies investigating neurosurgical techniques targeting the cingulum, like deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex and cingulotomy, have further boosted interests in this central ‘hub’ as a target for chronic intractable pain. Proper targeting within the cingulum is essential to achieve sufficient pain relief. Despite the cingulum being the centre of research for over a century, its structural and functional organization remains a subject to debate, consequently complicating neurosurgical targeting of this area. This study aims to review anatomical and connectivity data of the cingulum from a clinical perspective in order to improve understanding of its role in pain. For the current study, a systematic literature search was performed to assess the anatomy and functional and structural connectivity of the cingulate bundle and cortex. These outcomes focus on MRI and PET data. Articles were searched within the PubMed database, and additional articles were found manually through reviews or references cited within the articles. After exclusion, 70 articles remained included in this analysis, with 50, 29 and 10 studies describing human, monkey and rat subjects, respectively. Outcomes of this analysis show the presence of various anatomical models, each describing other subdivisions within the cingulum. Moreover, connectivity data suggest that the cingulate bundle consists of three distinct fibre projections, including the thalamocortical, cingulate gyrus and anterior frontal and posterior parietal projections. Further, the cingulum is responsible for a variety of functions involved in chronic pain, like sensory processing, memory, spatial functioning, reward, cognition, emotion, visceromotor and endocrine control. Based on the current outcomes, it can be concluded that the cingulum is a central ‘hub’ for pain processing, because it is a melting pot for memory, cognition and affect that are involved in the complex phenomenon of pain experience, memory, spatial functioning, reward, cognition, emotion, visceromotor and endocrine control. Variability in anatomical and connectivity models complicate proper and standardized neurosurgical targeting, consequently leading to clinicians often being reluctant on stimulation and/or lesioning of the cingulum. Hence, future research should be dedicated to the standardization of these models, to allow for optimal targeting and management of patients with chronic intractable pain.
Bioactive glycosides: insights into antimalarial advances
Authors: Jamil Siti Nur Hidayah , Salim Emil , Oka Natsuhisa , Lam Su Datt , Feroz Shevin Rizal , Ali Amatul Hamizah , Latip Jalifah
Published: January 2025

Glycochemistry has broadened the scope of drug discovery by offering new avenues for developing potent and safe medicines. Glycosylation improves physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive compounds, inspiring further exploration of glycosylated drug candidates. This review delves into the significance of carbohydrate-based bioactive compounds with promising antiplasmodial and antimalarial activity for the development of effective antimalarials.
Implementing information security controls: now or later? Delay discounting of losses and gains
Authors: Søgnen Marte Marjorie , Szekeres Adam , Snekkenes Einar Arthur
Published: January 2025

Delay discounting is a behavioral process, which explains certain peculiarities of human decision-making when choices and their consequences are separated from each other in time. The concept has been used in psychology and behavioral economics to explain how individuals make suboptimal choices with undesirable individual and societal consequences. Existing research shows that individuals can be characterized by several discounting parameters (k) across contexts, capturing the rate at which future gains and losses decrease in value as seen from the present. This present paper investigates how the concept of delay discounting can be utilized to better understand human choices regarding the implementation of information security controls in organizational settings. The study relies on a validated psychometric instrument (MCQ-21) to collect gold-standard k parameters with monetary outcomes. Furthermore, two novel variants are developed to estimate individuals’ k parameters with outcomes specific to the information security context. Within the framework of a nonexperimental correlational research design, an online survey was distributed among the employees ($n = 135$) of three Norwegian organizations. Contrary to expectations, none of the k parameters provided predictive power as predictors of real-world behavior in organizational settings. Nevertheless, the same behaviors were predicted by an attitude-based measure with an accuracy (adjusted $R^2=0.22$), which is observed generally in the literature of behavior prediction using attitudes as predictors. This paper contributes the first results on assessing the effectiveness of delay discounting parameters for behavior prediction within the context of information security.
Pulsed field ablation of a focal atrial tachycardia from the superior vena cava in proximity to the phrenic nerve: a case report
Authors: Tampakis Konstantinos , Papakonstantinou Evangelia-Erasmia , Sykiotis Alexandros , Pastromas Sokratis , Andrikopoulos George
Published: January 2025

Background

Right phrenic nerve (PN) injury is a major complication of thermal ablation of atrial tachycardias (ATs) originated from the superior vena cava (SVC).

Case summary

We report the case of a 41-year-old female patient admitted for catheter ablation of a frequent paroxysmal AT resistant to antiarrhythmic drugs. Electroanatomical activation map demonstrated a focal origin located at the lateral aspect of the SVC, ∼17 mm above the breakthrough of the sinus node wavefront. Importantly, high-output pacing from this site resulted in PN capture. To avoid PN injury, low-output radiofrequency (RF) ablation, with a power output limited to 20 W, was performed. However, this approach was insufficient to terminate AT. High-power RF applications in proximity to the PN were avoided and pulsed-field ablation (PFA) with a pentaspline catheter was chosen. The catheter was advanced into the SVC to the level of the earliest activation under fluoroscopic guidance and visualization within the mapping system. Two pairs of applications, in basket configuration, were delivered inside the SVC, rendering AT non-inducible while sinus node function was not compromised.

Discussion

Phrenic nerve is vulnerable to injury during ablation within the SVC using thermal ablation modalities. Low-output RF ablation may be safe but less efficient. In contrast, non-thermal approaches such as PFA may be preferable to avoid damage to the collateral tissues as PN. Electroanatomical mapping may be important to avoid lesions in proximity to the sinus node.
Dectin-1 stimulating β-glucans inhibit Chlamydia infections both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kintner Jennifer , Callaghan Morgan , Bulawa Lillith , Chu Angela , Ma Zuchao , Williams David L , Schoborg Robert V , Kruppa Michael D , Hall Jennifer V
Published: January 2025

Chlamydia trachomatis and Candida albicans are common inhabitants of the female genital tract. Candida albicans can impact the viability and pathogenesis of some bacteria. Previously, we investigated physical interactions between Ch. trachomatis elementary bodies (EBs) and Ca. albicans. This work indicated that EBs bind to Ca. albicans and become noninfectious by 24 h post-binding. Here, we continue our investigation of these interkingdom, polymicrobial interactions. Candida albicans adheres to bacteria or host surfaces via agglutinin-like sequence or heat shock 70 (Ssa) proteins. Chlamydia trachomatis EBs did not bind Ca. albicans Ssa2 deficient strains as efficiently as wild-type or complemented strains, indicating a role for this protein in chlamydial adherence to Candida. Additionally, Ca. albicans β-glucans inhibit chlamydial infection when exposure occurs during EB adsorption onto cervical cells. Laminarin, a β-glucan agonist of the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1, inhibited chlamydial infection in both cervical epithelial cells and mice when exposure occurred prior to, during, or immediately following EB inoculation. Conversely, a Dectin-1 antagonist laminarin did not inhibit infection in vitro, suggesting that β-glucan inhibition of Ch. trachomatis requires C-type lectin receptor signaling. Overall, our data demonstrate that β-glucans from multiple species, including Ca. albicans, inhibit Chlamydia via stimulation of host-signaling pathways.
Mapping mortality rates in boreal mixedwood forest using airborne laser scanning and permanent plot data
Authors: Riofrío José , Coops Nicholas C , Ashiq Muhammad Waseem , Achim Alexis
Published: January 2025

Accurate and spatially explicit predictions of tree mortality are critical for understanding forest dynamics and guiding management practices. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) can cover large spatial areas, allowing the estimation of forest attributes and characterization of forest canopy vertical structure and canopy gaps over various forest environments. This study integrated field measurements from permanent growth and yield plots with ALS-derived attributes to develop zero-inflated beta regression models for estimating basal area mortality rates. Specifically, we combined a set of attributes related to canopy complexity and canopy gaps derived from ALS data to predict and map (20 m pixel resolution) mortality rates over a large boreal mixedwood forest in northern Ontario, Canada. We evaluated how the mortality rates vary depending on stand-level factors, such as stand age and forest type defined by species composition proportions. Our findings demonstrate that canopy gaps and structural attributes significantly predict basal area mortality rates. In particular, we found that higher mortality rates are associated with more complex canopy structures and larger canopy gaps. However, the magnitude varied by species composition. The resulting spatially explicit mortality probability and mortality rate maps showed highly variable predictions across forest types and structural attributes, offering the possibility of analyzing the spatial correlation of mortality occurrence with other variables like soil and climate attributes. The results support using ALS data in Enhanced Forest Inventory systems for more precise and timely interventions in operational silvicultural planning.
Chromosome-Scale Assembly of Capsella orientalis, Maternal Progenitor of Cosmopolitan Allotetraploid C. bursa-pastoris
Authors: Kasianova Alexandra M , Mityukov Vladislav D , German Dmitry A , Kasianov Artem S , Penin Aleksey A , Logacheva Maria D
Published: January 2025

The genus Capsella serves as a model for understanding speciation, hybridization, and genome evolution in plants. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of Capsella orientalis, the maternal progenitor of a cosmopolitan allotetraploid C. bursa-pastoris. Using nanopore sequencing and data on chromatin contacts (Hi-C), we assembled the genome into eight pseudo-chromosomes with high contiguity, evidenced by a benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO) completeness score of 99.3%. Comparative analysis with C. rubella and C. bursa-pastoris revealed overall synteny, except for 2 Mb inversion on chromosome 4 of C. rubella. Comparative genome analysis highlighted the conservation of gene content and structural integrity in the C. orientalis-derived subgenome of C. bursa-pastoris, with the exception of a 1.8 Mb region absent in O subgenome but present in C. orientalis. The genome annotation includes 27,675 protein-coding genes, with most exhibiting one-to-one orthology with Arabidopsis thaliana. Notably, 2,155 genes showed no similarity to A. thaliana ones. These results establish a robust genomic resource for C. orientalis, facilitating future studies on polyploid evolution, gene regulation, and species divergence within Capsella.
Dyadic Associations Between Self-perceptions of Aging and Health Behaviors Among Middle-aged and Older Couples
Authors: Skoblow Hanamori F , Proulx Christine M
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Research and theory suggest that older adults’ self-perceptions of aging (SPA) are associated with their health behavior engagement. Likewise, romantic partners often play a key role in shaping each other’s health behaviors. This study aims to explore the longitudinal dyadic associations between SPA and health behaviors among couples in midlife and older adulthood.

Research Design and Methods

Data were drawn from 3,330 couples ages 50-96 (Mmen = 67.22 [9.43]; Mwomen = 65.42 [8.96]) from the Health and Retirement Study, using pooled samples from 2010/2012 to 2012/2014. We estimated actor-partner interdependence models with moderation to assess whether and to what extent a partner’s SPA moderated the links between positive and negative SPA and engagement in preventive and risky health behaviors two years later.

Results

Women’s SPA moderated the association between men’s SPA and men’s risky health behaviors only when women reported extreme levels of negative or positive SPA. In contrast, men’s SPA did not moderate the associations between women’s SPA and women’s health behaviors.

Discussion and Implications

This study’s findings emphasize that links between SPA and health behaviors operate within the broader social environment and in the context of romantic relationships. The results highlight how couples’ perceptions of aging relate to their own and their partners’ health behaviors. This work contributes to the literature on the gendered and social nature of health behaviors and has implications for designing interventions targeting SPA.
El círculo vicioso de la polarización política y las Cortes Constitucionales
Authors: Verdugo Sergio
Published: January 2025

This introduction to the symposium on political polarization and constitutional courts identifies the problem of a vicious circle between a polarized political system trying to encourage judicial battles and a politicized judicial system that invites more polarization, and asks the question of what explains some courts’ resilience (or the lack of it) in the face of the threat of a polarized party system. The introduction also briefly explains each symposium article’s contribution, situating its main conclusions in the context of the larger collective project.
The Turkish Council of State’s Engagement with International Refugee Law in Cases Involving ‘Non-European’ Refugees
Authors: Gürakar Skribeland Özlem
Published: January 2025

This article explores the Turkish Council of State’s engagement with core specialized instruments of international refugee law in cases involving ‘non-European’ refugees, the group which falls outside Türkiye’s protection obligations under the 1951 Refugee Convention in accordance with Türkiye’s geographical limitation. Based on the systematic review of more than 110 Council of State judgments referencing different provisions of the Refugee Convention in cases that came before the court between 1998 and 2023, the article shows how this engagement has been a constant for the past three decades, despite being inconsistent in terms of its scope and effect at different times. The engagement is sometimes substantive, with the wording and the spirit of the Refugee Convention deciding the outcome of the case to the benefit of the non-European refugees concerned; at other times, it is self-serving, with the court drawing authority from the Convention to justify Turkish authorities’ restrictive measures or interpretations, as well as their assertion of authority. At yet other times, it evinces a non-substantive and no-cost engagement, referring merely in passing to certain provisions of the Refugee Convention as applicable law. Notwithstanding these inconsistencies, the court’s continued recourse to provisions of the Convention (even though Türkiye is not bound by them vis-à-vis non-European refugees) over time and to different effects suggests that Türkiye’s highest administrative court regards the Refugee Convention as a benchmark or standard to be followed, beyond what is required by Türkiye’s treaty obligations and domestic law.
General rogue wave solutions to the Sasa–Satsuma equation
Authors: Wu Chengfa , Zhang Guangxiong , Shi Changyan , Feng Bao-Feng
Published: January 2025

General rogue wave solutions to the Sasa–Satsuma (SS) equation are constructed by the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili reduction method. These solutions are presented in terms of Schur polynomials, utilizing a new approach that incorporates a kernel of $2\times 2$ matrix in the Gram-type determinant solutions of the bilinear equations within the KP hierarchy. In addition, rogue wave patterns are graphically illustrated, revealing that the rogue wave patterns of the SS equation are structurally similar to those of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for rogue waves up to fifth-order.
Transport parameter effects on controlling formation and shape of lotus-type pores in solid
Authors: Wei P S , Ou Y T
Published: January 2025

This study explores sufficient conditions based on transport parameters to effectively manipulate the growth and shape of lotus pores during solidification. Specifically, spatial variations in mass transfer coefficients and solute transport parameters are considered. Solute transport is the key factor responsible for the evolution of lotus pores. The work investigates the influence of these conditions on the shape development of lotus pores, which find applications in diverse fields such as energy absorption, sound absorption, shock and vibration damping, heat sinks, filters and tissue and bone implants. The unsteady gas pressure within the pores, responsible for bubble entrapment, is influenced by gas, capillary and liquid pressures, as well as Sieverts’ or Henry's laws, and solute transfer at gas–liquid interfaces. Solute transport into the pore is determined by liquid convection as well as convection-affected segregation at the advancing liquid–solid interface. The study utilizes the MATLAB code to solve the resulting first-order time-derivative ordinary differential equations. It shows that the lotus pores are susceptible to entrapment as the mass transfer coefficient at a contact angle of 90° increases, while the solute transport parameters at the initial time and a contact angle of 90° decrease. The lotus pore length increases and decreases, respectively, with increases in the mass transfer coefficients as well as the solute transport parameter at the initial time and a contact angle of 90°. Predicted lotus pore shapes align closely with algebraic results, validated by experimental data from a prior study.
Investigation on the dynamic characteristics of gears considering spatial crack propagation
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Niu Ruopu , Wu Yue , Yu Xiaofeng , Sheng Wei
Published: January 2025

Considering the failure of gear space cracks caused by uneven load distribution, local material defects and installation errors, the effect of gear crack space propagation path on dynamic characteristics was investigated based on the extended finite element model and gear dynamics model. The effect of the initial crack location and angle on the extent of crack expansion and the dynamic characteristics of the gear was discussed, and experimental verification was conducted. The results demonstrated that with the expansion of the spatial crack, the time-varying meshing stiffness TVMS gradually decreases, which leads to the periodic impact response of the dynamic meshing force and dynamic transmission error, and sidebands appear around the meshing frequency and harmonic components. Furthermore, the location and angle of the initial crack lead to different crack propagation paths in space, which in turn lead to different variations of gear dynamic characteristics.
How Are the Gentiles Changed? The Influence of Micah on the Animal Apocalypse and Revelation 21–22
Authors: Korpman Matthew J
Published: January 2025

In this paper, I argue that the end of the Animal Apocalypse bears a striking resemblance to Micah 4:1–5 and Isa. 19:18–25. This text appears to answer the dilemma that Micah and Isaiah create: how will the Gentiles stop being violent and what will prevent them from becoming violent again? It is argued that the White Bull, rather than being an expected future Messiah figure (as popularly believed), likely represents a righteous Gentile who is necessary for ensuring the answer to this dilemma. It is also argued that the Book of Revelation’s ending resonates with both Micah and 1 Enoch, suggesting that John’s Apocalypse knows of the Enochic tradition and has attempted to offer a different interpretation in light of John’s belief in Jesus as Israel’s Messiah.
Recognize Your Intellectual Ancestors
Authors: Friedland Robert P.
Published: January 2025

Great figures in the past often made great mistakes. We can learn much from observing their accomplishments as well as their errors.
What Is Important in Research
Authors: Friedland Robert P.
Published: January 2025

The dichotomy between basic and applied research is not useful.
Rotational excitation and de-excitation of magnesium mono-sulphide (MgS) by He collisions
Authors: Hendaoui Hamza , Varandas A J C , Mehnen Bilel
Published: January 2025

Magnesium mono-sulphide (MgS) plays a crucial role in astrochemical processes, particularly in the interstellar medium (ISM), where metal-sulphur chemistry influences molecular formation and evolution. This work presents a detailed study of the rotational excitation and de-excitation of MgS through collisions with helium (He) atoms, the second most abundant species in the ISM after hydrogen, which includes both atomic (H) and molecular forms (H2). The focus on MgS–He collisions arises from He's high abundance, chemical inertness, and simpler electronic structure, which make it well suited for quantum scattering calculations. These characteristics establish He as an ideal candidate for initial studies, providing fundamental data for future investigations involving H2. The study uses quantum scattering methods to calculate the collisional rate coefficients over a broad temperature range. These rates are critical for interpreting observational data on MgS and predicting its abundance in space. The interaction potential between MgS and He is calculated using the rigid rotor approximation and the Jacobi coordinate system, employing the CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ method for accurate two-dimensional potential energy surface. The study explores the anisotropic nature of the MgS–He interaction, which favours odd Δj rotational transitions at low collision energies. The inelastic cross-sections for rotational transitions involving up to 16 rotational levels of MgS were computed up to 1000 cm−1, enabling the calculation of rate coefficients up to 150 K for Δj = ±1, ±2, and ± 3 rotational transitions. The results show that Δj = 1 transitions dominate at low temperatures, while Δj = 2 transitions become more significant at higher temperatures. This study provides valuable data for interpreting future astrophysical observations of MgS. The findings also propose new rotational transitions for MgS detection in space, enhancing our ability to track and study this molecule in various cosmic environments.
Risk factors for cytomegalovirus reactivation during the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis: A retrospective cohort study of the J-CANVAS study
Authors: Kawamori Kazutaka , Oguro Nao , Shimizu Kunika , Kida Takashi , Omura Satoshi , Nakagomi Daiki , Abe Yoshiyuki , Kadoya Masatoshi , Takizawa Naoho , Nomura Atsushi , Kukida Yuji , Kondo Naoya , Yamano Yasuhiko , Yanagida Takuya , Endo Koji , Hirata Shintaro , Matsui Kiyoshi , Takeuchi Tohru , Ichinose Kunihiro , Kato Masaru , Yanai Ryo , Matsuo Yusuke , Shimojima Yasuhiro , Nishioka Ryo , Okazaki Ryota , Takata Tomoaki , Ito Takafumi , Moriyama Mayuko , Takatani Ayuko , Miyawaki Yoshia , Ito-Ihara Toshiko , Kawaguchi Takashi , Kawahito Yutaka , Yajima Nobuyuki
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy poses a risk of severe infections. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of CMV reactivation in patients with microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis using a nationwide cohort in Japan.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used data from the Japan Collaborative Registry of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. The outcome was as CMV reactivation up to 48 weeks after treatment initiation. We explored the risk factors for CMV reactivation by comparing the two groups.

Results

Of the 454 patients, CMV reactivation occurred in 89 (19.6%). The univariate analysis showed that patients with CMV reactivation were older (P < .001), had higher Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Scores (BVAS) (P = .004) and BVAS renal scores (P < .001), and had received glucocorticoid pulse (P = .004). The logistic regression analysis showed that hypoalbuminemia (odds ratio: 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.31–0.98), and low serum IgG (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89–1.00) were risk factors for CMV reactivation.

Conclusions

Hypoalbuminemia and low serum IgG levels were risk factors for CMV reactivation. It is necessary to accurately identify high-risk patients and closely monitor their condition.
Enhanced storage lipid biosynthesis promotes somatic embryogenesis in citrus
Authors: Gao Erlin , Zhao Yunju , Wu Mengxia , Qu Xiaolu , Wu Xiaomeng , Guo Wenwu , Wang Pengwei
Published: January 2025

A strong association between somatic embryogenesis competence and lipid accumulation in the embryogenic callus of citrus may facilitate plant regeneration and germplasm utilization.
Premovement activity in the corticospinal tract is amplified by the placebo effect: an active inference account
Authors: Emadi Andani Mehran , Braga Miriam , Da Dalt Francesco , Piedimonte Alessandro , Carlino Elisa , Fiorio Mirta
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to investigate whether expectancy, induced through a placebo procedure, favors the activation of the corticospinal tract before movement initiation. By adopting the premovement facilitation paradigm, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left or right primary motor cortex at rest and 100 ms or 50 ms before movement onset while healthy volunteers performed a reaction time (RT) motor task consisting of abductions of the right or left thumb after a go signal. Participants in the placebo group received an inert electrical device applied on the right forearm along with information on its speed-enhancing properties. A control group received the same device with overt information about its inert nature, while another control group underwent no intervention. Along with RT, we measured the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) before and after the procedure. Compared to the control groups, the placebo group had faster RT and greater MEP amplitude before movement initiation. This study demonstrates that the placebo effect can boost the activity of the corticospinal tract before movement onset, and this modulation positively impacts motor performance. These results give experimental support to the active inference account.
Association of novel EEG biomarkers of sleep depth and cortical arousability with cardiac autonomic modulation in adolescents
Authors: Rahawi Anthony H , He Fan , Fang Jidong , Calhoun Susan L , Vgontzas Alexandros N , Liao Duanping , Bixler Edward O , Younes Magdy , Ricci Anna , Fernandez-Mendoza Julio
Published: January 2025

Study Objectives

To examine the developmental association of the odds ratio product (ORP), an electroencephalographic measure of sleep depth, during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep with 24-hour heart rate variability (HRV), an electrocardiographic measure of cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM), in the transition to adolescence.

Methods

Leveraging data from the Penn State Child Cohort, we performed longitudinal analyses on 313 children (median [Md] age 9 years) followed-up after Md = 7.4y and cross-sectional analyses on 344 adolescents (Md = 16 years). We extracted ORP during NREM sleep and in the 9 seconds following cortical arousals (ORP-9) from 9-hour, in-lab polysomnography, and frequency- and time-domain HRV indices from 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring. Longitudinal and cross-sectional, multivariable-adjusted, regression models examined the association between ORP and ORP-9 with adolescent 24-hour HRV indices.

Results

Longitudinally, a greater increase in ORP-9 since childhood was associated with lower daytime Log-LF, SDNN, RMSSD, and higher HR in adolescence (p < .05). A greater increase in ORP since childhood was associated with lower nighttime Log-LF and SDNN (p < .05). Cross-sectionally, higher ORP and ORP-9 were associated with lower daytime and nighttime Log-LF, SDNN or RMSSD and higher HR within adolescence (p < .05).

Conclusions

A greater increase in cortical arousability since childhood is a strong developmental predictor of daytime cardiac autonomic imbalance in adolescence. Shallower sleep depth additionally arises as a proximal determinant of both daytime and nighttime cardiac autonomic imbalance within adolescence. These data suggest a coupling between fine-grained spectral measures of the sleeping brain and those of CAM, which may inform sleep-related cardiovascular risk early in life.