bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness About Spinal Anaesthesia Among Dental Students
Authors: Nithyanandham Masilamani  , Dhanraj Ganapathy
Published: October 2020

Spinal anaesthesia is administered in the lumbar spinal region and utilized for surgeries, including the lower midsection, pelvis and lower extremities. Spinal anaesthesia is acted in the lumbar region, explicitly the mid to low lumbar levels to maintain a strategic distance from harm to the spinal cord and furthermore to forestall intrathecally-administered drugs from having any action in the upper cervical and thoracic areas. The aim of the study is to assess the awareness about spinal anaesthesia among dental students. This was a questionnaire based cross-sectional type of study comprising 100 dental college students in Chennai. A self-designed questionnaire contains ten questions based on the knowledge and awareness about spinal anaesthesia among dental college students. Questionnaires were circulated through an online website survey planet. The questions explored the awareness on spinal anaesthesia, indications, contraindications, mechanism of administration and side complications. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data was collected and analysed.18% are aware about spinal anaesthesia. 15% are aware of the mechanism of administration of spinal anaesthesia. 13% are aware of the indications of spinal anaesthesia. 11% are aware of the contraindications of spinal anaesthesia.9%.are  aware of the complications of spinal anaesthesia. The awareness about spinal anaesthesia was less among dental students. Increased awareness and educational programs should be initiated to spread knowledge about applications of spinal anaesthesia.
2010-ben megjelent, jog- és államtudományi tárgyú könyvek annotált bibliográfiája – 3., befejező rész
Authors: DE A DE jogi karának oktatói-hallgatói munkaközössége
Published: October 2020

Folyóiratunkban rendszeresen jelenik meg az elmúlt időszak új, hazai szakkönyveiről készült, annotált bibliográfia. Az annotáció a könyv felhasználhatóságáról írott, rövid, tényszerű leírás, amely a bibliográfiai adatok mellett meghatározza a műfajt, illetve röviden körvonalazza a feldolgozott témát és a bemutatott eredményeket is. Az annotációk szerzői valamilyen formában kivétel nélkül kötődnek a Debreceni Egyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Karához, legyen szó munkatársainkról, óraadóinkról vagy hallgatóinkról, PhD-hallgatóinkról. Ebben a számban a 2010-ben megjelent könyvekről készült leírások harmadik részét közöljük.
2011-ben megjelent, hazai kiadású állam- és jogtudományi munkák annotációja – 1. rész
Authors: DE A DE jogi karának oktatói-hallgatói munkaközössége
Published: October 2020

Folyóiratunkban rendszeresen jelenik meg az elmúlt időszak új, hazai szakkönyveiről készült, annotált bibliográfia. Az annotáció a könyv felhasználhatóságáról írott, rövid, tényszerű leírás, amely a bibliográfiai adatok mellett meghatározza a műfajt, illetve röviden körvonalazza a feldolgozott témát és a bemutatott eredményeket is. Az annotációk szerzői valamilyen formában kivétel nélkül kötődnek a Debreceni Egyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Karához, legyen szó munkatársainkról, óraadóinkról vagy hallgatóinkról, PhD-hallgatóinkról. Ebben a számban a 2011-ben megjelent könyvekről készült leírások első részét közöljük.
2015-ben megjelent jog- és államtudományi tárgyú könyvek annotált bibliográfiája – 1. rész
Authors: DE A DE jogi karának oktatói-hallgatói munkaközössége
Published: October 2020

Folyóiratunkban rendszeresen jelenik meg az elmúlt időszak új, hazai szakkönyveiről készült, annotált bibliográfia. Az annotáció a könyv felhasználhatóságáról írott, rövid, tényszerű leírás, amely a bibliográfiai adatok mellett meghatározza a műfajt, illetve röviden körvonalazza a feldolgozott témát és a bemutatott eredményeket is. Az annotációk szerzői valamilyen formában kivétel nélkül kötődnek a Debreceni Egyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Karához, legyen szó munkatársainkról, óraadóinkról vagy hallgatóinkról, PhD-hallgatóinkról. Ebben a számban a 2015-ben megjelent könyvekről készült leírások első részét közöljük.
2017-ben megjelent, jog- és államtudományi tárgyú könyvek annotált bibliográfiája - 1. rész
Authors: DE A DE jogi karának oktatói-hallgatói munkaközössége
Published: October 2020

Folyóiratunkban rendszeresen jelenik meg az elmúlt időszak új, hazai szakkönyveiről készült, annotált bibliográfia. Az annotáció a könyv felhasználhatóságáról írott, rövid, tényszerű leírás, amely a bibliográfiai adatok mellett meghatározza a műfajt, illetve röviden körvonalazza a feldolgozott témát és a bemutatott eredményeket is. Az annotációk szerzői valamilyen formában kivétel nélkül kötődnek a Debreceni Egyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Karához, legyen szó munkatársainkról, óraadóinkról vagy hallgatóinkról, PhD-hallgatóinkról. Ebben a számban a 2017-ben megjelent könyvekről készült leírások első részét közöljük.
Embedding Multicultural Values in Islamic Education: A Portrayal of Contemporary Indonesian Textbooks
Authors: Nugroho Muhammad Aji
Published: October 2020

The incorporation of multicultural values ​​in Islamic education textbooks needs to be fostered as the endeavor to raise Muslim’s inclusive religious awareness. In response to this growing need, this study describes the highlight of multicultural education and multicultural values-based learning materials of Islamic education as well as well-planned learning processes. Grounded in a qualitative explorative descriptive study, it provides a comprehensive content analysis of Islamic education textbooks reinforced with a phenomenological approach. The primary sources of research were Islamic education textbooks for tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grades in secondary high schools located in Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia. Secondary sources were obtained through in-depth interviews with the teachers and students. Findings of this study demonstrate that firstly, not only did the textbooks cover the transfer of knowledge, but they also promoted multicultural values, so that the students upheld their cultural identities. Secondly, the learning materials introduced not only ritualistic symbols, but also the relationship between religious symbols and the existing reality. It encourages the students to think inclusively regarding unity in diversity. Finally, multicultural values embedded in the learning process involved tolerance, harmony, a culture of mutual respect, democracy, and maintenance of faith with good morality in social solidarity and interaction.
Authors: Hidayatullah Achmad , Soemantri Sandha
Published: October 2020

Education in Indonesia has not fully solved the social problems. Therefore, there should be improvement of the education quality. The notion of KH. Ahmad Dahlan and Paulo Freire can be used as models in the implementation of education in Indonesia in order to be able to solve the social problems. This study aims to describe the concept of KH. Ahmad Dahlan and Paulo Freire in education including the big idea of ​​the concept of education and its implementation in the learning that includes learning strategies, approaches and methods. This study uses qualitative approach and literature study as its research method. The data were obtained through collecting some artifacts, documents and other relevant articles. Finally, this study provides four points as conclusions. First, both KH. Ahmad Dahlan and Paulo Freire used the concept of critical education. Second, the strategy used to implement educational ideas is authentic learning strategy. They led their students into experienced phenomena. Third, both of them chose student center learning approach, or learning that focuses on students. Fourth, the method used was dialogue. The four points are obviously relevant to the current implementation of education system in Indonesia. Conceptually, the learning strategy, approach, as well as method used by the two figures are in line with the 2013 curriculum.
The Study of Dynamics Heterogeneity in SiO2 Liquid
Authors: Trang Giap Thi Thuy , Linh N. H. , Linh N. T. T. , Kien P. H.
Published: October 2020

A molecular dynamics simulation has been carried out to investigate the dynamics heterogeneity SiO2 liquid at 2600 K and ambient pressure. We indicate that the diffusion in the liquid is realized by the rate of effective reaction, SiOx®SiOx’ and OSiy®OSiy’. Moreover, the reactions are non-uniform happened, but they are spatially clustered. In addition, we found the clustering from different sets of atoms specified by the mobility of atom or frequency of reactions. We found that the clustering become more pronounced at ambient pressure. This evidences the dynamics heterogeneity in the SiO2 liquid.
Design and implementation of a Web application for Cultural Heritage
Authors: Lo Duca Angelica , Marchetti Andrea
Published: October 2020

Within the field of Digital Humanities, a great effort has been made to digitize documents and collections in order to build catalogs and exhibitions on the Web. In this paper, we present WeME, a Web application for building a knowledge base, which can be used to describe digital documents. WeME can be used by different categories of users: archivists/librarians and scholars. WeME extracts information from some well-known Linked Data nodes, i.e. DBpedia and GeoNames, as well as traditional Web sources, i.e. VIAF. As a use case of WeME, we describe the knowledge base related to the Christopher Clavius’s corre spondence. Clavius was a mathematician and an astronomer of the XVI Century. He wrote more than 300 letters, most of which are owned by the Historical Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University (APUG) in Rome. The built knowledge base contains 139 links to DBpedia, 83 links to GeoNames and 129 links to VIAF. In order to test the usability of WeME, we invited 26 users to test the application.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN BERMAIN PERAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN BIOLOGI BAGI SISWA KELAS XI-MIPA 5 SMA NEGERI 1 BOYOLANGU TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Hayati Noor
Published: October 2020

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan pembelajaran bermain peran dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar biologi pada siswa kelas XI-MIPA 5  SMAN 1 Boyolangu Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 25 September sampai 16  Oktober 2017. Dari data-data yang sudah diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan metode yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya yaitu data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dari hasil evaluasi akan memberikan jawaban mengenai berhasil tidaknya proses pembelajaran yang diukur dengan ketuntasan belajar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan babwa penerapan strategi pembelajaran bermain peran pada mata pelajaran biologi tentang Organ Sel Dan Fungsinya dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar biologi siswa kelas XI-MIPA 5  SMAN 1 Boyolangu Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Dengan rata-rata 67,30 siklus I dan 70,64 siklus II, sedangkan ketuntasan klasikalnya 71,79 % siklus I dan 87,17% siklus II.
Ideografy w polskich realiach? Krytyka ideograficzna Michaela Calvina McGee w polskiej perspektywie badawczej
Authors: Andrychowski Kacper
Published: October 2020

Artykuł stanowi pierwsze w języku polskim omówienie „materialistycznej teorii retoryki” i „teorii ideografów” sformułowanych w latach 80. przez Michaela Calvina McGee. Streszczam w nim podstawowe założenia powyższych teorii, a na przykładzie ideografów ‹rodzina› i ‹tradycyjne wartości› pokazuję, w jaki sposób teorie McGee mogą być przydatne przy badaniu języka współczesnej polityki w Polsce.
Publiczne przeprosiny - akt skruchy czy chwyt perswazyjny?
Authors: Sobczak Barbara
Published: October 2020

Przedmiotem analizy retorycznej uczyniono silnie skonwencjonalizowane akty językowej grzeczności, jakimi są publiczne przeprosiny. Materiał badawczy stanowią przeprosiny pisemne, formułowane w Internecie. Analiza okoliczności, celów i sposobów werbalizowania publicznych przeprosin pokazuje, że są one częściej chwytem perswazyjnym, aktem strategicznym, nastawionym na uzyskanie określonych korzyści albo wyeliminowanie negatywnych skutków zagrażających podmiotowi w wyniku zrobienia czegoś, co zostało negatywnie ocenione albo naruszyło czyjeś prawa, niż aktem wynikającym z autentycznej skruchy.
MITHILA- A GLOBALIZED ART FORM
Authors: Thakur Meenakshi
Published: October 2020

India has long been a focal point of art. From the traditional to the contemporary, India is fast developing itself as a key destination for those who love art. India is marked by its rich traditional heritage of Tribal/Folk Arts and Culture. Since the days of remote past, the diversified art and cultural forms generated by the tribal and rural people of India have continued to evince their creative magnificence. Apart from their outstanding brilliance from the perspective of aesthetics, the tribal/folk art and culture forms have played an instrumental role in reinforcing national integrity, crystallizing social solidarity, fortifying communal harmony, intensifying value-system and promoting the elements of humanism among the people of the country. Folk and tribal arts are relatively less exposed forms of narrative Indian art and contain within them a gamut of styles originating from various geographical regions in India.

Women in the Mithila region of Bihar in north India have painted colorful auspicious images on the interior walls of their homes on the occasion of domestic rituals since at least the 14th century. This ancient tradition, especially elaborated for marriages, continues today. Madhubani painting or Mithila is a style of Indian painting, practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar state, India, and the adjoining parts of Terai in Nepal. Painting on paper for sale has changed this dramatically. Aside from generating important new family income, individual women have gained local, national, and even international recognition. Artists are being invited to exhibitions across India, and to Europe, the United States, and Japan - no longer as "folk artists," but now as "contemporary artists." Mithila's contemporary arts offer astonishingly vital -- and long overlooked -- depth and diversity, ranging from wondrous elaborations of traditional themes and styles to more experimental depictions of new, topical subject matter.
REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH PERBANDINGAN TRIGONOMETRI PADA SEGITIGA SIKU-SIKU DITINJAU DARI KECERDASAN LOGIS MATEMATIS, LINGUISTIK DAN VISUAL SPASIAL
Authors: Hitalessy Merlin , Mataheru Wilmintjie , Ayal Carolina Selfisina
Published: October 2020

One of the skills needed in learning mathematics is the ability to solve mathematical problems. In solving problems in mathematics learning, mathematical representation is needed by students in the problem solving process. Students tend to use mathematical representations, but sometimes they don't understand what they are doing. In general, mathematical representations also play an important role in improving mathematical competence. Beside the ability of representation, students also have intelligence, including mathematical logical intelligence, linguistics and visual spatial. This research is descriptive with qualitative approach that aimed to describe the complete mathematical representation of vocational high school students in solving a quadratic equation in terms. The research phase begins with the selection of research subjects were determined by gender and math skills test results were similar. Having chosen the subject and the continuation of the problem solving quadratic equations and interviews. The validity of the data using a triangulation of time that is giving the task of solving a quadratic equation are equal at different times. The results of this study as the mathematic description shows that vocational high school students in solving quadratic equations problem according to Polya step problem solving
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA DALAM MEMVALIDASI BUKTI MATEMATIS
Authors: Matitaputty Christi
Published: October 2020

This study aims to describe the perceptions of prospective students in the first year in validating mathematical proof. This student's perception is discussed based on the answers given to the proof of a theorem. This research is a qualitative research. The subjects in this study were three students from the second semester mathematics education study program at a university in East Java. Research subjects were chosen deliberately with the following considerations: prospective teacher students who use examples in making mathematical proof and good communication skills make research can facilitate students' perceptions in writing mathematical proof. The results showed that students had perceptions about who gave several examples so that the proof was called valid, one example of denying it could prove it was invalid and using formal proof that proved it could be proven valid
“No era ya lo que había visto”. Un ejemplo del ingenio en Murillo.
Authors: Muñoz Nieto Enrique
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo analizamos un grabado de Jan Baptist de Wael que debe ser puesto en relación con la obra de Murillo “Cuatro figuras en un zaguán”, perteneciente a la Kimbell Art Gallery. Nos adentramos también de alguna forma en el proceso de creación de la imagen, de la historia narrada en el lienzo, según la mente del artista sevillano.
Crame, Cermeño y la reforma del Morro de Santiago de Cuba (1766-1767)
Authors: López Hernández Ignacio J.
Published: October 2020

Este artículo revisa la intervención de los ingenieros militares Agustín Crame y Juan Martín Cermeño en los proyectos de reforma y reconstrucción del castillo de San Pedro de la Roca de Santiago de Cuba que siguieron a la ruina parcial de la fortificación tras el terremoto del 11 de junio de 1766. Mediante el análisis de documentación inédita será posible conocer los pormenores de los proyectos y así aclarar el grado de intervención de los ingenieros en el resultado final de los trabajos.
An Investigation of the Effects of a Sheet Material Type and Thickness Selection on Formability in the Production of the Engine Oil Pan with the Deep Drawing Method
Authors: ÖZDİLLİ Özgür
Published: October 2020

In internal combustion engines, in a way integrated under the engine block, the oil pan is used to store the engine oil, to separate foreign substances in the oil coming from the engine block, to lubricate the moving parts, to help the engine cooling system. In this study, by using different materials such as DC06 (IF), AISI 304, Al6082, and DC01 and selecting different thicknesses such as 1.5 mm and 2 mm, the deep drawing method was applied to them, and their formability behaviors with deep drawing were investigated. The effects of the sheet material type and thickness parameters on the tensile force and wall thickness variation on a sample engine oil pan formed by deep drawing were determined. Different parameters were determined for the sample engine oil pan. According to the analysis results, it was detected that the wall thicknesses of the sensitive points were determined to decrease by 0.86 mm, 0.62 mm, and 0.37 mm, respectively, for deep drawn samples with a 1.5 mm thickness (AISI 304, DC06, DC01), but tearing occurred in the Al6082 material. On the other hand, when the sheet material thickness was increased to 2 mm, it was observed that the thickness change rates decreased by 13% in DC06, 0.7% in AISI 304, 33% in Al 6082, and 4% in the DC01 material type in comparison with the initial sheet thickness of 1.5 mm. The results of the analysis obtained in this study demonstrated that these four materials had superiorities over each other, that the thickness of the material was an essential criterion in deep drawing, and that the use of a 2 mm thick AISI 304 material among the selected materials in the production of the engine oil pan was more suitable.
Двойные русские заимствования в марийском лексиконе
Authors: Адягаши Клара
Published: October 2020

В статье реконструируется процесс заимствования а также описываются фонетические, семантические и хронологические особенности трех пар русских заимствований в марийском языке (wočko и pečke ’бочка’, kaďilä и kaˑδәn, ’кадило’, moľo и mŭľo ’малявка (рыба)’. При этом автором  определяются те принципы, на основании которых эти слова считаются им парами с этимологической точки зрения.
Роль цензора Николая Ратынского в российской публицистике второй половины XIX века
Authors: Мазалевский Дмитрий
Published: October 2020

В последнее время политическая обстановка в России приводит к тому, что проблема цензуры становится все более актуальным вопросом, история которого требует объективного изучения.Традиционно цензура представляется как инструмент, используемый для контроля и подавления свободы слова, ограничения или препятствования распространения информации и идей, нежелательных для власти, что часто приводило к творческой свободе творца. Однако история помнит и таких выдающихся цензоров, как поэт Ф.И. Тютчев и писатель И.А. Гончаров.С недавних порпоявился тренд на изучение цензуры изолированно от каких-либо моральных категорий и ее интерпретации исключительно как профессиональной деятельности. В этом контексте особый интерес для нас представляет деятельность цензора Н.А. Ратынского. В настоящий момент существует достаточно мало работ, посвященных его профессиональному труду в качестве цензора ивлиянии на современных ему писателей, среди которых есть фигуры Салтыкова-Щедрина, Некрасова и Достоевского. В этой статье мы изучаем имеющиеся источники, связанные с Ратынским, и приходим к выводу, что большинство правок, сделанных цензором, были оправданными и объяснялись политической ситуацией в Российской империи. Личные и профессиональные качества Ратынскогоявляются лишним доказательством того, что, наряду с Тютчевым и Гончаровым, среди цензоров того времени были достойные и квалифицированные люди.Все это позволяет утверждать, что необходимо объективно рассматривать и изучать работу цензоров внепредрассудков и стереотипов, которые обычно ассоциируются с цензорской деятельностью.
Хармс – Гоголь – Достоевский («Старуха» – «Вий» – «Преступление и наказание»)
Authors: Шульц Сергей
Published: October 2020

«В аспекте исторической поэтики и интертекстуальности проводятся параллели между «Старухой» Хармса, «Вием» Гоголя и «Преступлением и наказанием» Достоевского. Выявляется общность и, вместе с тем,  трансформация  у трех авторов мотивов безобразной инфернальной старухи, изображенной в контексте мифопоэтики, историософии и социальной истории. В отношении текстов-наследников вводится термин «посттекст», призванный включить диалогические  коннотации литературной эволюции. Показана роль «вершинной композиции» (термин В.М. Жирмунского) для произведений модернизма/авангарда».
Images of the East in the Short Fiction of Ivan Bunin
Authors: Juracsek Kata
Published: October 2020

The article examines the images of the East in the short fiction of Ivan Bunin. With the help of the narrative model of Jan van der Eng, consisting of three basic thematic levels (action, characterization, geographical and social setting) we read and arrange the works of Bunin through the prism of postcolonial criticism. On the one hand, we will consider the arguments of traditional postcolonial studies; on the other hand, we will also take into account the postcolonial theory regarding the “second world” (Russia, Eastern and Central Europe).We start our analysis with the texts in which images of the East are only featured on one thematic level, gradually directing our attention towards the short stories in which these images determine the whole semantic structure.
Seminar Proker Desa Gantarang
Authors: sarah Yuni
Published: October 2020

Kuliah Kerja Lapang Plus (KKLP) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yg bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yg dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Oleh karena, sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu (S1) harus mengikuti KKLP.
Implicit Learning in Three-Year-Olds with High and Low Likelihood of Autism Shows No Evidence of Precision Weighting Differences
Authors: Ward Emma Kate , Buitelaar Jan , Hunnius Sabine
Published: October 2020

Predictive Processing accounts of autism claim that autistic individuals assign higher precision to their prediction errors than non-autistic individuals, that is, autistic individuals update their predictions more readily when faced with unexpected sensory input. Since setting the level of precision is a fundamental part of perception and learning, we propose that such differences should be detectable in various domains at a very early age, before clinical symptoms have fully emerged. We therefore tested 3-year-old younger siblings of autistic children, with a high likelihood of later receiving an autism diagnosis themselves, and low-likelihood children with an older sibling without autism. We used a novel implicit learning paradigm to examine the effect of sensory noise on the predictions participants built. In order to learn a sequence, our participants had to select which visual information to attend to and disregard low-level prediction errors caused by the sensory noise, which the theory claims is more difficult for autistic individuals. Contrary to the proposed higher precision-weighting of prediction errors in autism, the high-likelihood children did not show signs of updating their predictions more readily when we added sensory noise compared to the low-likelihood children, either in their reaction times or in the recurrence and determinism of their response locations. These results raise challenges for Predictive Processing theories of autism, specifically for the notion that prediction errors are inflexibly highly weighted by individuals with autism.
Social Distancing in America: Understanding Long-term Adherence to Covid-19 Mitigation Recommendations
Authors: Reinders Folmer Christopher , Brownlee Megan , Fine Adam , Kuiper Malouke Esra , Olthuis Elke , Kooistra Emmeke Barbara , de Bruijn Anne Leonre , van Rooij Benjamin
Published: October 2020

A crucial question in the governance of infectious disease outbreaks is how to ensure that people continue to adhere to mitigation measures for the longer duration of the pandemic. The present paper examines this question by means of a nationally representative cross-sectional set of studies conducted in the United States in May, June, and July 2020. It seeks to understand to what extent Americans continued to adhere to social distancing measures in the period after the first lockdown ended during the first wave of COVID-19. Moreover, it seeks to uncover which situational and motivational variables sustained (or undermined) adherence. Our findings reveal a mix of situational and motivational variables that contributed to adherence in the period after the first lockdown: individuals’ knowledge of social distancing measures, their practical capacity to adhere to them, their opportunities for not doing so, and their impulsivity (situational influences), as well as their moral alignment with mitigation measures against the virus, perceptions of its health threat, and perceived norms for adherence in their community (motivational influences). The results also reveal, however, that adherence among Americans declined during this period, as did important situational and motivational processes that sustained this. The findings show that adherence does not just originate in motivations and that situational variables play a central role. Moreover, they show that adherence is dynamic, as the core variables that sustain can change over a short period of time. These insights help to advance understanding of pandemic governance, as well as illuminating the interaction between rules and human conduct and compliance more generally. Moreover, they identify important avenues for policy to promote and sustain adherence to mitigation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and in future outbreaks.
Strong Public Claims May Not Reflect Researchers’ Private Convictions
Authors: van Doorn Johnny , van den Bergh Don , Dablander Fabian , van Dongen Noah N'Djaye Nikolai , Derks Koen , Evans Nathan J. , Gronau Quentin Frederik , Haaf Julia M. , Kunisato Yoshihiko , Ly Alexander , Marsman Maarten , Sarafoglou Alexandra , Stefan Angelika Marlene , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: October 2020

How confident are researchers in their own claims? Augustus De Morgan suggested that researchers may initially present their conclusions modestly, but afterwards use them as if they were a “moral certainty”. To prevent this from happening, De Morgan proposed that whenever researchers make a claim, they accompany it with a number that reflects their degree of confidence. Current reporting procedures in academia, however, usually present claims without the authors’ assessment of confidence. Here, we report the partial results from an anonymous questionnaire on the concept of evidence.
A Precise Quantification of how Prior Experience Informs Current Behavior
Authors: Kramer Michelle , Cox Patrick , Mitroff Stephen , Kravitz Dwight
Published: October 2020

Human behavior does not exist in a bubble—it is influenced by countless forces, including each individual’s current goals, pre-existing cognitive biases, and prior experience. The current project leveraged a massive behavioral dataset to provide a data-driven quantification of the relationship between prior experience and current behavior. Data from two different behavioral tasks (a categorization task and a visual search task) demonstrated that prior history had a precise, systematic, and meaningful influence on subsequent performance. Specifically, the greater the evidence for (or against) all aspects of the current trial, the more (or less) efficient behavior was on that trial. The robust influence of prior experience was present for even distracting and likely unattended information. The ubiquity and consistency of the effect for features both related and unrelated to stimulus presence suggests a domain-general mechanism that increases the efficiency of behavior in contexts that match prior experience. These findings are theoretically important for understanding behavioral adaptation, experimentally powerful for directly addressing effects of previous trials when designing and analyzing research projects, and potentially useful for optimizing behavior in various applied contexts.
Dynamic EEG analysis during language comprehension reveals interactive cascades between perceptual processing and sentential expectations
Authors: Sarrett McCall E , McMurray Bob , Kapnoula Efthymia C
Published: October 2020

Understanding spoken language requires analysis of the rapidly unfolding speech signal at multiple levels: acoustic, phonological, and semantic. However, there is not yet a comprehensive picture of how these levels relate. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) while listeners (N=31) heard sentences in which we manipulated acoustic ambiguity (e.g., a bees/peas continuum) and sentential expectations (e.g., Honey is made by bees). EEG was analyzed with a mixed effects model over time to quantify how language processing cascades proceed on a millisecond-by-millisecond basis. Our results indicate: (1) perceptual processing and memory for fine-grained acoustics is preserved in brain activity for up to 900 msec; (2) contextual analysis begins early and is graded with respect to the acoustic signal; and (3) top-down predictions influence perceptual processing in some cases, however, these predictions are available simultaneously with the veridical signal. These mechanistic insights provide a basis for a better understanding of the cortical language network.
Families of Austerity: Benefit Cuts and Family Stress in the UK
Authors: Mari Gabriele , Keizer Renske
Published: October 2020

Benefit cutbacks have been prominent after the Great Recession. The Family Economic Stress Model (FESM) theorises how financial losses such as those spurred by cutbacks might adversely affect parental and child well-being. Yet few links with policy have been established. We extend current knowledge by comprehensively assessing how benefits cutbacks may affect parents and their adolescent children. We rely on the first ten waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009-2019) and an event-study approach to examine the aftermath of an exceptional raft of benefit cutbacks. We find that mothers with lower incomes and single mothers accumulated losses equal to 20-30% of their household benefit income. Mothers could not fully compensate for such benefit income losses via their extra earnings, despite increased workforce participation. Financial worries, some forms of material hardship, and mental health worsened among mothers with lower incomes and single mothers exposed to cutbacks. Adolescent socio-emotional difficulties also increased in the period. We find little evidence, though, that cutbacks disrupted parenting. Parents thus display more agency than that accorded by the FESM. Nonetheless, findings point to deepening socioeconomic divides in financial and mental well-being, questioning the rationale for cutbacks.
SOME ISSUES ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTENT OF THE STATE BUDGET AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Amanova Nigar Ilham
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the state budget, its economic significance and the importance of budget expenditures for sustainable development. At the same time, a literature review on the formation of the state budget was conducted, and foreign experience was studied. The next section of the article describes in detail the formation of the state budget in Azerbaijan, the dynamics of development and the impact of budget expenditures on sustainable development and makes relevant generalizations.At the same time, the article also reflects the trends in the human development index in Azerbaijan as a result of measures taken at the expense of budget expenditures.
FORMATION OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF MIGRANT CHILDREN IN THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Authors: Khachaturyan Yu. R.
Published: October 2020

The article describes the results of the implementation of the program of social and psychological adaptation of migrant children from the war zone and the temporarily occupied districts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The results of the observational phase of the study indicate that migrant children have high rates of aggression, irritability, negativity, resentment and suspicion. Many migrant children are ignored by their classmates and have the status of isolated, which indicates a low level of their adaptation to the new educational environment. The molding experiment was conducted in an educational institution. The comprehensive program is designed to take into account the age of migrant children: primary school students and students of middle and senior classes. The description of the developed program of social and psychological adaptation which contains exercises and training employments is provided. The results of the formative experiment showed a positive dynamics of socio-psychological adaptation of migrant children, which indicates the effectiveness and feasibility of a comprehensive program, which was used in secondary school. The program included a variety of classes and exercises, such as reducing anxiety, increasing self-esteem, relieving fears, developing communication skills. In addition, the joint work of migrant children in the group helped to unite children of different nationalities, cultures, and encouraged mutual respect and tolerance.
USAGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Aliyeva Begim-khanim Boyuk Aga
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the use of multimedia presentations in the process of teaching a foreign language to students of technical universities. The educational process uses multimedia encyclopedias, tutors, tutorials, tests and individual assignments. However, in the educational process of higher education, the use of electronic presentations is the most acceptable way of using a computer that helps to competently organize the learning process, since the degree of assimilation of audiovisual information is very high.The interactivity of the presentation makes it the most popular form of communication visualization in life. Presentations serve not only to present knowledge when studying new material, presenting new information, but also to control them, consolidate what has been passed, work out educational skills and skills, repeat the practical application of the acquired knowledge, abilities, skills, generalization, systematization of knowledge, therefore, they successfully perform didactic functions.The basic requirements for the creation of multimedia presentations, their use and the principles of organizing this form of education are described. Presentations can support discussion. With the use of information technology, the very concept of education is currently changing.The article discusses new principles of a specific nature. allowing to form presentation competence necessary for various activities in the curriculum, productive plans and in real life, and in the future - the formation of the media culture of the future professional.
Leprosy in a Medieval Cemetery from Sudanese Nubia (Mouweiss, Shendi Area, Sudan)
Authors: Ardagna Y. , Maillot M.
Published: October 2020

The Mouweiss site (Shendi area, about 250 km North of Khartoum) is a Nilotic city of the Meroitic period (4th century BCE to 4th century CE), which the Louvre Museum (Paris) began to excavate in 2007. This was a large settlement that included a palace, which was later destroyed. The ruined walls of the palace also housed a medieval necropolis. About thirty rather crudely fashioned pits dug directly into the rubble of the palace were excavated. Radiocarbon dating from the tombs suggests funerary occupation from the “early Christian” to the “classic Christian” period. A macroscopic examination of the skeletal remains of the individual in grave 13 revealed palaeopathological signs pointing to Rhinomaxillary syndrome. The cranium of this 40- to 50-year-old woman showed significant bone resorption, particularly in the nasal area. Associated with these lesions are several modifications of the hands and feet, namely phalangeal acro-osteolysis and destructive diaphyseal remodelling. Differential diagnostic testing, in particular for other infectious/inflammatory diseases, concluded that the type and distribution of the lesions displayed by the individual from grave 13 at Mouweiss were indicative of leprosy. These findings contribute new data to understand the distribution of this disease and new evidence for leprosy in Sudanese Nubia, where there are very few palaeopathological cases illustrating its presence.
Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville néonatale
Authors: Lehlimi M. , El Korchi Z. , Badre A. , Chemsi M. , Habzi A. , Benomar S.
Published: October 2020

La sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (STB) est une affection autosomique dominante rare, liée au développement multisystémique d’hamartomes. L’association des lésions cérébrales, cardiaques et cutanées est fortement évocatrice du diagnostic, surtout en période néonatale. Le pronostic cognitif et comportemental est amélioré par le contrôle des spasmes. Notre observation porte sur un nouveau-né admis pour prise en charge de prématurité chez qui le diagnostic de STB a été posé devant l’association de l’atteinte cutanée et du SNC avec une épilepsie ayant bien évolué sous traitement.
Światy wartości mieszkańców miasta. Na przykładzie badań socjologicznych w Zabrzu
Authors: Świątkiewicz Wojciech Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

Wartości należą do porządku kultury i stanowią fundamenty życia społecznego. Poprzez ich internalizację w postawy i zachowania oraz w praktyki życia społecznego ludzi, kształtują one profile kulturowe zarówno całych społeczności, jak i osobowości społecznych poszczególnych jednostek. Społeczności tworzą się wokół wspólnoty wartości i ze względu na nie przybierają konkretne postacie, takie jak na przykład naród, państwo, regiony kulturowe, miasta czy wspólnoty wyznaniowe. Profile kulturowe osobowości społecznej jednostek są konsekwencją internalizacji świata wartości w indywidualnie konstruowane i realizowane projekty życia społecznego. Artykuł prezentuje rekonstrukcję systemów wartości mieszkańców miasta, na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań empirycznych. Skupia się na uwarunkowaniach materialnych deklarowanych orientacji na wartości oraz na hierarchii wartości godnościowych. W hierarchii uznawanych wartości wyodrębnione zostały wartości prymarne, dominujące, nieobojętne, drugorzędne oraz marginalne. Wiele czynników – historycznych i współczesnych, kulturowych i politycznych – determinuje czy modeluje obraz „obywatela miasta” możliwy do rekonstrukcji na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań. Jego najbardziej widoczną cechą jest aksjologiczny dystans, a może nawet przepaść między wartościami prymarnymi a marginalnymi.
Wartość pracy dla pracujących osób pozbawionych wolności
Authors: Lenart-Kłoś Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wartości pracy w opinii pracujących osób pozbawionych wolności. Na początku zaprezentowano rozumienie pracy jako wartości, podkreślając jednoczenie konieczność ujmowania jej holistycznie, wielowymiarowo. Praca stanowi obecnie jeden z najważniejszych środków resocjalizacji. Dzięki niej możliwe jest przeciwdziałanie prizonizacji, która zachodzi w instytucji totalnej, jaką jest zakład karny. Wyniki badań pokazują, że pracujący osadzeni nie traktują pracy jako uciążliwego obowiązku, lecz raczej jako przywilej. Nie chcieliby także zrezygnować z pracy, jaką wykonują. Nie ma znaczenia, czy sami się zgłosili do pracy, czy została im zlecona i czy otrzymują wynagrodzenie.
PENGALAMAN PEMASARAN DAN KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DENGAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Hartono Kevin Benitto , Salim Lina
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, shopping malls growth are extremely high in Jakarta area. One of the shopping malls that has existed for a long time and still thrives in Jakarta is Mal Kelapa Gading (MKG). The objective of this research is to examine the impact of experiential marketing and service quality toward MKG’s customer loyalty with customer satisfaction and trust as mediation variables. The data was collected by distributing 233 questionnaires to the residents around the area of the mall. As this research model has passed 11 goodness of fit test indicators, this model has been proven consistent to the empirical data. There are 6 hypotheses in this research, 4 of which are proven true. The results of this research indicate that there is a positive impact in experiential marketing and service quality toward customer loyalty with customer satisfaction and trust as mediation variables. On the one hand, customer satisfaction has become the best mediating variable to strengthen the impact of experiential marketing and service quality toward customer loyalty. On the other hand, experiential marketing and service quality do not affect trust. Trust is useful as a mediating variable if there is an influence from customer satisfaction. Keywords: Consumers’ Satisfaction, Customers’ Loyalty, Experiential Marketing, Service Quality, Trust
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEMAUAN MEMBAYAR PAJAK WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI YANG MELAKUKAN PEKERJAAN BEBAS (STUDI KASUS PADA KPP PRATAMA KOTA PEKALONGAN)
Authors: Prihatiningsih Dian
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the willingness to pay taxes on taxpayers of individuals who perform free work in the office of KPP Pratama Pekalongan. The variables in this study are taxpayer willingness as dependent variable knowledge of taxation regulation, understanding of tax regulation, good perception on tax system and level of trust to government system and law as independent variable. The population in this study were free workers registered in KPP pratama stem. The sample used in this research is as many as 63 respondents are free workers registered in KPP pratama stem. Meanwhile, to answer the hypothesis in this research is done classical assumption test and multiple linear regression. The result of the research shows that variable knowledge of tax regulations, understanding of tax regulations, a good perception of the effectiveness of the taxation system has a significant effect on willingness to pay taxes but for the level of trust in the government and the legal system has no significant effect on willingness to pay taxes. Keywords: knowledge of tax regulations, understanding of tax laws, good perceptions of the effectiveness of the tax system and the degree of confidence in government and legal systems.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN DAN STRATEGI KEBERLANJUTAN PADA KOPERASI KUD “X” PEKALONGAN
Authors: Shofiyuddin M. , Taruna M. Sigit
Published: October 2020

Financial performance in this study was measured and analyzed with the ratio of liquidity, solvency, and profitability. The analysis showed that the performance of KUD “x” showed unhealthy performance. By conducting as a SWOT analysis, the sustainability strategy that can be carried out by the KUD is revitalizing cooperative membership, cooperative asset inventory, rationalizing and evaluating employee needs. Keywords: Low member participation, cooperative debt, unemployed assets, government intervention.
How to appraise a body of evidence using GRADE system and GRADEPro: A Step by Step tutorial for the perplexed
Authors: Basu Arindam
Published: October 2020

This is a step by step tutorial on how to use GRADEpro.
KUALITAS HIDUP PADA PASIEN PASCA STROKE
Authors: Kurnia Erlin , Idris Desi Natalia Trijayanti
Published: October 2020

Kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan dapat dipandang secara subyektif berdasarkan perspektif pasien dan dari aspek fisik, psikologis, sosial dan lingkungan. Stroke merupakan penyebab utama kecacatan jangka panjang, kondisi ini dapat berakibat ketidakmampuan melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari yang berdampak pada kualitas hidup. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis kualitas hidup pada pasien stroke. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pasien pasca stroke dengan jumlah responden yaitu sebanyak 85orang, pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen kuesioner yang telah dilakukan uji validitas. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan lebih dari 50% pasien pasca stroke memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik. Kesimpulannya adalah sebagian besar pasien pasca stroke memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik namun sebagian lainnya perlu memperbaiki pola hidup agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya.
Relatos sobre la televisión. Problemas para nombrar una nueva tecnología
Authors: Hernández Lomelí Francisco
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es un análisis de notas periodísticas aparecidas entre 1924 y 1935 en el diario del estado de Jalisco, México, El Informador y el semanario Revista de Revistas, medios impresos que mostraron un interés por la popularización de la televisión desde mediados de los años veinte del siglo pasado. Se pretende evidenciar los intentos por darle nombre a esa tecnología, se trata de mostrar “los problemas de nominación del aparato”. También es de interés ver cómo se percibía ese invento en las notas periodísticas. Además, son objeto de análisis los usos imaginados que se atribuían al futuro medio de comunicación.