bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying critical features of iron phosphate particle for lithium preference
Authors: Liu Chong , Yan Gangbin , Wei Jialiang , Apodaca Emory , Choi Suin , Eng Peter , Stubbs Joanne , Han Yu , Zou Siqi , Bera Mrinal , Wu Ronghui , Karapetrova Evguenia , Zhou Hua , Chen Wei
Published: December 2023

One-dimensional (1D) olivine iron phosphate (FePO4) is widely proposed for selective electrochemical lithium (Li) extraction from dilute water sources, however, significant variations in Li selectivity were observed for particles with different physical attributes (e.g., sizes, morphologies, dominant facets, etc.). The fundamental understanding of particle feature-dependent host response upon lithium and sodium (Na) ions co-intercalation is still lacking, which impedes the design of extraction system and the improvement of Li selectivity. Here, we investigated a series of FePO4 particles with various features and revealed the importance of harnessing the kinetic and chemo-mechanical barrier difference between lithiation and sodiation to promote Li selectivity. The thermodynamic preference of FePO4 provides the baseline of Li preference while the particle features are critical to induce different kinetic pathways and barrier energies, which results in different Li to Na selectivity, ranging from 6.2 × 102 to 2.3 × 104. Importantly, we categorized the FePO4 particles into two groups by size based on their distinctly paired phase evolution behaviors upon lithiation and sodiation, and generated quantitative correlation maps among Li preference, particle features, and electrochemical properties. The correlations indicate the existence of an optimal size range ([010] length 155-420 nm) for achieving both high Li selectivity and structural reversibility. By choosing FePO4 particles with different features, we demonstrated fast (636 mA/g) Li extraction from a high Li source (1: 100 Li to Na) with (96.6±0.2)% purity, and high selectivity (2.3 × 104) for Li extraction from a low Li source (1: 1000 Li to Na) with (95.8±0.3)% purity in a single step.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Indigenous Chicken Ecotypes in a Selected Areas of Tanzania
Authors: LUCAS RHODA , Kasanga Christopher , Mwega Elisa , Ackrey Sissa
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted in the Bahi and Songea districts of Tanzania for sustainable use and conservation purposes. Blood samples of 100 indigenous chickens were collected and genotyped using eighteen microsatellite markers recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics, Food and Agriculture Organization Advisory Group for Animal Genetics. Data were analyzed using GenAIEXv.6.5 software. Results showed that Bahi had a total of 117 alleles while Songea had 111 alleles. There were 6.5 alleles on average per locus for Bahi and 6.1 for Songea. The locus with the least number of alleles was MCW0078, with just 5 alleles, whereas the MCW0111F locus was highly polymorphic with 20 alleles. The mean number of different alleles (Na) was 7.250 ± 0.544 for Bahi and 7.000 ± 0.742 for Songea, with an overall average of 7.125 ± 0.515. The number of private alleles was 31 and 37 for Bahi and Songea, respectively. Genetic variation among the population was 17%, while within the population it was 83%. Nei’s genetic distance was calculated to be 0.589, and the principal of coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed two clusters with some intermixes. At p < 0.05, divergence from Hard Weinberg equilibrium was significant in all loci. In conclusion, there was a considerable genetic variation between the two study populations hence, they are very useful in conservation programs of the indigenous chickens.
The effect of fusion zone oxygen content and weld bead geometry on hardness and porosity of laser-welded commercially pure titanium sheets
Authors: Eshraghi S. Fariborz , Farshidianfar Mohammad Hossein , Nabavi Seyedeh Fatemeh , Marandi Saeed , Farshidianfar Anooshiravan
Published: December 2023

The current study aims to understand the governing mechanisms behind weld hardness and porosity in laser-welded titanium sheets. Hardness measurements indicate increasing hardness with increased heat input and grain size, which is inconsistent with the general knowledge on hardness behavior. Since hardness is governed by the weld microstructure, morphology and grain size are studied based on the heat input. An increase in weld hardness and transformation of serrated to Widmanstätten structure is observed with increased heat input (or reduced cooling rate). To understand this phenomenon, the oxygen content is measured in the fusion zone using EDS analysis. A greater amount of oxygen is measured in the fusion zone for samples with higher heat input. XRD analysis, also reveals increased Ti2O3 and TiO2 secondary phases in samples with higher oxygen contamination that contribute to weld embrittlement. Results shows that while increased heat input increases the grain size, it also causes a greater chance of oxygen contamination and Widmanstätten formation in the fusion zone by increasing the melt pool size. Increased melt pool width and size increases the chances of oxygen absorption from the environment under similar shielding conditions. Consequently, it is revealed that the fusion zone oxygen content has a more significant effect on titanium weld hardness compared to the grain size. Quantitative measurements of the weld porosity indicate that titanium porosity is controlled by the weld depth. The results of the present research can be applied to reduce embrittlement and porosity formation in laser welding of titanium sheets.
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Candida Auris Blood Stream Infection
Authors: Alotaibi Sultan , Alshahwan Mosaad , Alotaibi Hesham , Alamoudi Moayad , Alshahrani Khalid , Bahabri Ibrahim , Sharif Tauseef , AlJohani Sameera , Aldibasi Omar , Alqahtani Hajar , Almaziad Sultan , Bosaeed Mohammad
Published: December 2023

Purpose
This study aims to comprehensively assess the clinical presentation, management practices, complications, and mortality rate in patients with Candida auris bloodstream infection.
Patients and methods:
This is a descriptive study where we retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of all patients admitted and diagnosed with C. auris bloodstream infection from January 2018 to August 2021.
Results
156 patients diagnosed with Candida auris bloodstream infection (BSI) were included with an average age of 63 years old (SD ± 16.8), and 53% were male. The most frequently encountered comorbidities were diabetes mellitus and hypertension (76.28%), followed by end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis (39%) and cancer or receiving chemotherapy (19.2%). Most patients received broad-spectrum antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids 92% and 80%, respectively. The highest rate of resistance was shown for fluconazole (100%), followed by flucytosine (95.7%), voriconazole (93.3%), and itraconazole (83.3%). Resistance to amphotericin B, anidulafungin, and caspofungin were low, with a rate of (7.5%), (0%), and (5.4%), respectively.
Conclusion
Candida auris is an emerging progressive pathogen which notably increased in the last few years. This study showed the different characteristics and factors that could contribute to the increase in the number of Candida auris BSI.
On the Performance of Sargassum derived Calcium Alginate Ion Exchange Resins for Pb2+ Adsorption: Batch and Packed Bed Applications
Authors: Mohammed Akeem , Mohammed Chantal , Mautner Andreas , Kistow Matika , Chaitram Pooran , Bismarck Alexander , Ward Keeran
Published: December 2023

Driven by climate change and human activity, Sargassum blooming rates have intensified, producing copious amount of the invasive, pelagic seaweed across the Caribbean and Latin America. Our study details a comprehensive investigation into the use of Sargassum (S. natans), as a potential resource-circular feedstock for the synthesis of calcium alginate beads utilized in heavy metal adsorption, both in batch and column experiments. Given the low quality of alginates extracted from Sargassum which produce poor morphological beads, composite beads in conjunction with graphene oxide and acrylamide were used to improve fabrication. Results from batch experiments showed that compared to composite as well as commercial resins (Amberlite), stand-alone calcium alginate beads outperformed all other adsorbents, with an adsorption capacity of 2123 mg Pb2+ g− 1 tested at 20°C and a pH of 3.5. Furthermore, its performance was within the range for other seaweed and polysaccharide based adsorbents, thus indicating its efficacy as a bio-based alternative to synthetic resins. For composite alginate resins, incorporation of additives such as acrylamide and graphene oxide, resulted in a 21–40% reduction in Pb2+ adsorption – with characterisation revealing a reduction in active sites as the main indicator to inferior performance. Analysis of column operations confirms the practicality of Alginate systems over commercial counterparts, with 20–24% longer operating times, 15 times lower adsorbent mass on scale up and 206% smaller column diameters. Ultimately, our results provide evidence supporting the use of Sargassum as a resource-circular feedstock for the fabrication of Alginate ion-exchange beads, with superior heavy metal adsorption performance.
Predicting Stipa arabica Habitat Displacement in Iran's Central Regions Until 2050
Authors: Saboohi Razieh , Khodagholi Morteza , Naseri Somayeh , Zarekia Sedigheh , Pourmirzaei Ahmad , Esfahani Ehsan Zandi
Published: December 2023

Natural resource management can be improved by understanding the factors contributing to native vegetation establishment in different regions. Habitat has a significant effect on species' survival and reproduction. With the progress of statistical science and geographic information systems, it has become possible to predict plant species' habitats using modeling methods. This study prepared a prediction map of Stipa arabica's habitat in the rangelands of Isfahan, Yazd, Semnan, and Kerman during the next three decades. Based on interviews conducted with local experts and experts from scientific departments and centers related to natural resources, more important species were identified in this study. The next step was calculating habitat characteristics based on species' behavior. A prediction map of the selected species' habitats was prepared using logistic regression. According to the research purpose, information on vegetation cover and environmental factors was collected from the study rangelands. By creating relationships between environmental variables and the presence and absence of the species investigated by the method mentioned above and relating these relationships to the layers prepared in the geographic information system, a prediction map for the habitat of Stipa arabica was constructed in ArcGIS version 10.3. The Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate habitat prediction maps. This study indicates that gradient analysis of environmental variables by logistic regression can be used to prepare a map that predicts suitable habitats for plants. Further, the logistic regression model indicated that Stipa arabica, 5237434.7 hectares, equivalent to 10.7% of the investigated area, has a probability of occurrence of 75-100% (suitable conditions) for its presence. The altitude above sea level for the studied species is between 1600 and 2550 meters. However, the modeling results show that in 2050, its minimum and maximum altitudes will be 1750-2800 meters in scenario 4.5 and 1850-3050 in scenario 8.5. As the temperature increases due to climate change, the habitat size of this species will decrease, and it will move to higher areas with lower temperatures.
Study of marine hydraulic structures under seismic effects
Authors: Aslanov Latif F. , Aslanli Ulvi L.
Published: December 2023

A new era of development in the oil and gas sector of Azerbaijan, started from the moment of signing a contract with the world's leading oil companies, predetermines the intensive design and construction of new and modernization of existing oilfield facilities. The development of new oil and gas fields at great depths (Н≥500m) is largely associated with the construction of flexible hydraulic structures, one of the main features of which is their affiliation with flexible structures, which determines the need for dynamic calculations when designing for the joint effects of seismic, taking into account the load from waves, wind, currents. On the other hand, it is known that the Caspian region is a seismically active zone, which confirms the latest seismic disturbances with the epicenter in the Caspian Sea. This puts more stringent and high requirements for the calculation of seismic resistance and seismic resistance of such important, and one might say, strategic objects as offshore fixed platforms. Thus, it is possible to determine the seismic stresses for a given movement for each block support, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and the depth of the foundation. During the study, earthquakes that occurred in the region were analyzed and their accelerograms were used as input data. The applied analytical methods in solving boundary value problems and the numerical implementation of analytical solutions give accurate results. On the basis of the conducted research and in-depth analysis of the data, the following were determined: the influence of the deck load on seismic stability; the internal forces of multi-tiered structures with various elements of diaphragms were calculated; calculation models of platforms were selected, both for the drilling phase and for the production phase; the dynamic characteristics of deep-water platforms in the vertical direction were modeled; seismic load distributions in elements of offshore platforms are calculated; computer programs have been developed for calculating the support block.
Patients with acute poisoning in Emergency Department – Presentation of modern data search and results of pilot analysis
Authors: Uslin Veronika , Hällberg Ville , Lukkarinen Timo , Niskanen Marjo , Koivistoinen Teemu , Palomäki Ari
Published: December 2023

Background
When studying Emergency Department (ED) visits due to intoxications, it is essential to have comprehensive and accurate baseline data. Electronic health record systems of hospitals provide a good basis for retrospective studies. However, many intoxication patients arriving at the ED may not be identified retrospectively if only one single search method is applied, such as reason for attending, laboratory findings, or International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) code.
Methods
In this single centre study, a novel four-way combined patient search method was used to retrospectively identify intoxication patients attending the ED of Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Finland, in 2019. The search included reason for attending, laboratory results related to intoxication diagnostics, ICD-10 codes, and a novel free word search in the patient records. After the automated search, the researcher read the medical records of potential intoxication patients to form comprehensive profiles and to exclude irrelevant cases.
Results
When retrospectively extracting patient data from electronic hospital records, addition of a free word search identified 36% more intoxication patients than the combination of the three methods listed above. The leading substances causing intoxication were ethanol and benzodiazepines, followed by prescription and over-the-counter medications, such as antidepressants and paracetamol. Amphetamine was the most used illegal substance.
Conclusion
Free word search complemented and, in many ways, replaced traditional patient search methods, such as ICD-10 code search. These results highlight the importance of a combined patient search method for retrospective data collection.
Associations Between Over-the-Counter Analgesics Usage and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents: A Network Analysis
Authors: Roalsø Elise Solbu , Klonteig Sandra , Kraft Brage , Skarstein Siv , Aalberg Marianne , Jonassen Rune
Published: December 2023

Background
The use of over-the-counter analgesics (OTCA) is common among adolescents, particularly females. Previous research has linked symptoms of anxiety and depression (AD) with OTCA usage, even after controlling for pain. AD encompasses a wide array of both psychological and physiological symptoms, and little is known about which of these symptoms are most strongly connected to OTCA usage. In the current study we assessed differences in associations between specific AD symptoms and OTCA usage in a large sample of adolescents. Furthermore, we examined whether the associations between AD symptoms and OTCA usage differed across genders.
Method
We included 626,581 participants from the Ungdata survey. AD symptoms were measured with an adapted version of Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 and the Depression Mood Inventory, while a 5-point scale assessed OTCA usage. Non-regularized partial-correlation networks were constructed to explore conditional dependent relations between the use of OTCA and AD symptoms, including a separate network controlling for symptoms of pain. Gender-specific networks containing all symptoms were created. The networks were visualized and described statistically in terms of edge weights and bridge centrality (bridge expected influence).
Results
OTCA usage demonstrated associations with most AD symptoms, with the strongest links to “sleep problems”, “stiff or tense”, “everything is a struggle” and “suddenly scared”. When including pain symptoms as covariates, OTCA-AD edges weakened, but most edges persisted as significant. The strongest links were observed between OTCA usage and pain symptoms. Key bridging nodes between communities included “headache” and “stiff or tense”. OTCA usage demonstrated higher bridge expected influence in the female network than in the male. Further, “sleep problems” and “hopeless” showed stronger links to OTCA usage among females, whereas “stiff or tense” was more strongly related to OTCA usage among males.
Conclusion
Our study assessed the relationship between OTCA usage and specific symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents. Our results indicate that somatic expressions of AD, such as sleep disturbances and tension, displayed stronger associations with OTCA usage than more conventional AD symptoms. This pattern might be even more pronounced in males than females.
DAB2IP maintains intestinal epithelial homeostasis by modulating the DNA replication stress response
Authors: SHANG ZENG-FU , Yu Lan , Lang Yue , Li Ming , Gu Meng-Meng , Newman Ciara , Chen Wei-Min , Story Michael , Chen Benjamin , Davis Anthony , Saha Debabrata
Published: December 2023

The proliferative activity of undifferentiated cells in intestinal crypts is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and facilitating regeneration in response to both pathophysiological conditions and stress. DAB2IP (Disabled homolog 2 interacting protein), a tumor suppressor, plays a crucial role in regulating various oncogenic pathways. Our previous study unveiled that DAB2IP serves as a cell cycle regulator by facilitating PLK1-mediated mitosis progression. In this study, we uncovered a novel DAB2IP function as it mediates the maintenance and regeneration of intestinal epithelial homeostasis in normal conditions and following irradiation (IR)-induced gastrointestinal (GI) injury. Mechanistically, we identified that DAB2IP interacts with the histone acetyltransferase HBO1 and promotes PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of HBO1. This phosphorylation event leads to HBO-directed lysine 14 acetylation on histone 3 (H3K14Ac), the loading of the minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM) complex onto chromatin, progression of DNA replication, and maintenance of genome integrity. Furthermore, we found that ATR regulates Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of DAB2IP and that phosphorylation of DAB2IP is crucial for the formation and activation of the HBO1-PLK1 complex. Finally, ablating DAB2IP phosphorylation results in increased genomic instability due to incomplete replication of genomic DNA, as shown via the accumulation of anaphase ultrafine bridges and 53BP1 nuclear bodies in the G1 cell cycle phase. Collectively, our findings highlight the regulatory role of DAP2IP in DNA replication-an essential process for maintaining genomic stability and intestinal homeostasis.
Assessment of Alvarado criteria, ultrasound, CRP, and their combination in patients with suspected acute appendicitis: a single centre study
Authors: Tayebi Ali , Olamaeian Faranak , Mostafavi Keihan , khosravi Kasra , tizmaghz Adnan , Bahardoust Mansour , Zakaryaei Alireza , Mehr Daniyal Enayat
Published: December 2023

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common reasons for visiting the emergency room. The lack of proper diagnosis and rapid treatment of AA may lead to severe complications such as intestinal perforation and increased mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Alvarado criteria, ultrasound, and CRP criteria in comparison with their combined use in patients with suspected AA who presented to the emergency room.
Methods: In this diagnostic accuracy study, 1411 patients with suspected AA who presented to the emergency department of Firoozabadi Hospital affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences and underwent appendectomy from October 2019 to October 2021 were examined. Nine hundred eighty-eight patients were enrolled. All patients were assessed using Alvarado, CRP, and ultrasound. The definitive diagnosis of AA was based on pathological findings and was considered the gold standard. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA VER 11.5. The diagnostic accuracy for each group was compared using the Pearson chi-square test. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age was 29.57±13.66 years. The sensitivity and specificity of Alvarado in the diagnostic accuracy of appendicectomy were 75.2% and 61.3% (CI=95%), respectively. The sensitivity of ultrasound and CRP for predicting appendicitis was significantly higher than the Alvarado criteria. The diagnostic accuracy for CRP was significantly higher than ultrasound (64.9% vs. 60.7%, P: 0.003). The diagnostic accuracy of the simultaneous use of Alvarado + CRP and CRP + Ultrasound was significantly higher than that of Alvarado + ultrasound. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the simultaneous use of all three criteria together (Alvarado + Ultrasound + CRP) were estimated to be 94.9%, 25.8%, and 81.5% (CI=95%), respectively, which were significantly higher than the use of other criteria.
Conclusion: This study showed that the Alvarado criteria had inadequate diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy for diagnosing acute appendicitis. The diagnostic accuracy of acute appendicitis increases to over 90% using the three Alvarado, ultrasound, and CRP criteria at the same time.
Are all high-volume surgeons equally good outcome? A survival analysis of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in relation to surgical margin status based on propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Kang Chung-Jan , Wen Yu-Wen , Chien Chih-Yen , Lee Shu-Ru , Ng Shu-Hang , Lee Li-Yu , Lin Jin-Ching , Wang Cheng Ping , Terng Shyuang-Der , Hua Chun-Hung , Chen Tsung-Ming , Chen Wen-Cheng , Tsai Yao-Te , Tsai Chi-Ying , Lin Chien-Yu , Fan Kang-Hsing , Wang Hung-Ming , Hsieh Chia-Hsun , Yeh Chih-Hua , Lin Chih-Hung , Tsao Chung-Kan , Cheng Nai-Ming , Fan Tuan-Jen , Huang Shiang-Fu , Lee Li-Ang , Fang Ku-Hao , Wang Yu-Chien , Lin Wan-Ni , Hsin Li-Jen , Yen Tzu-Chen , Liao Chun-Ta
Published: December 2023

Background
In this retrospective study, we assessed whether Taiwanese high-volume surgeons performing oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) removal may differ in terms of margin status, and examined how this variable – as a quality standard – could have an impact on clinical outcomes after adjustment for clinicopathological risk factors and treatment modalities.
Methods
On analyzing a nationwide dataset, margins < 5 mm (including positive margins) were identified in 49.5% (6927/13984) of patients with OCSCC. We subsequently identified the surgeon with the highest absolute volume (number of operated patients = 560), who was located below the mean value (49.5%). Among surgeons above the mean, we identified the two surgeons with the highest volumes (termed as Surgeon 2 and Surgeon 3). The number of patients and survival operated by Surgeon 2 and Surgeon 3 were similar (number 229 and 221, respectively, totaling 450 patients; 5-year overall survivals [OSs] 64% and 65%, respectively) and thus they were grouped together for the purpose of analysis (Surgeons 2–3).
Results
The patient proportion of margins ≥ 5 mm was markedly higher in Surgeon 1 than Surgeons 2 − 3 (75.4% and 22.5%, respectively). Compared to Surgeons 2 − 3, the tumor severity was higher in Surgeon 1 (mainly a higher frequency of pT4a status, p-Stage IV, and poorly differentiated tumor). The clinical outcomes of patients treated by Surgeon 1 were more favorable than those treated by Surgeons 2 − 3 and these survival differences were even more pronounced after adjusting for baseline differences using propensity score matching (before propensity score: disease-specific survival [DSS], 83%/70%, p < 0.0001; OS, 77%/64%, p < 0.0001; after propensity score: DSS, 87%/68%, p < 0.0001; OS, 81%/63%, p < 0.0001). When patients were stratified according to the operating surgeon and margin status, we found that Surgeon 1 consistently outperformed Surgeons 2 − 3 in terms of clinical outcomes, regardless of surgical margin status (i.e., ≥ 5 mm, < 5 mm, and positive margins).
Conclusions
We conclude that the achievement of clear margins (≥ 5 mm) is a surgeon-dependent variable which is not necessarily related to hospital and/or surgeon volumes, therefore surgeons should strive to achieve adequate margins to optimize survival in OCSCC.
g-C3 N4 /N-doped CeO2 nanocomposites as effective dye catalyst: Fabrication, characterization and methylene blue dye degradation
Authors: Sekar Karthik Arasampatti , Sengodan Senthil
Published: December 2023

A New series of g-C3N4/N-doped CeO2 nanocomposites(g-C3N4/N-doped CeO2NCs) were prepared by using a simple dispersion method and its efficacy towards the photocatalytic activity has been studied. photocatalytic degradation of an organic dye(methylene blue) using the synthesized nanocomposites has been carried out. A detailed material characterization of fabricated g-C3N4/N-CeO2 NCs was also performed, including crystallinity, surface properties, band gap energy, excitation electron property, and chemical interaction analysis. The study reveals that coupling of g-C3N4/N-doped CeO2NCs improved the photocatalytic activity by diminishing the optical band gap energy of 2.85 eV of N-doped CeO2 photocatalyst. Furthermore, the g-C3N4/N-CeO2NCs exhibited an improved photocatalytic efficiency of methylene blue (MB) degradation viz., 97% while comparing the native form of N-doped CeO2 nanoparticles and g-C3N4 which showed 40% and 32% (60 min) efficiency respectively. This improvement in the efficiency of photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/N-CeO2NCs may be ascribed to the strong electron transport abilities of g-C3N4 layers that could separate electron-hole pairs effectively.
Chitosan modified with PAP as a Promising Delivery System for Melatonin in the Treatment of Osteoporosis : Targeting the DMT1
Authors: Zhang Weilin , Rong Hongrui , Liang Jinguo , Mao Chao , Li Zhencong , Dai Zhiwen , Li Dingbin , Guo Weixiong , Chen Siyuan , Wang Zhongwei , Wei Jinsong
Published: December 2023

The demand of novel and efficient therapy gradually increased with the rising concerns of Osteoporosis (OP). The hottest topic to promote bone regeneration under osteoporotic conditions consists of loading bioactive materials with different drugs to treat osteoporotic bone by either promoting the osteogenesis process or inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts. By analyzing the single-cell sequencing results, we found that divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) has a function in osteoporosis. Based on our previous research foundation, Melatonin(MT) could suppress DMT1 express induced by high glucose in Osteoporosis. So, we are more determined to choose MT for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the curative effect of MT in osteoporosis was dissatisfied in clinical. To enhance its biological performance, we combined MT with porous gelatin Chitosan (CS) and conductive material PLA-b-AP-b-PLA (PAP), we investigated how MT incorporation in CS@PAP nanoparticles impacts their ability to promote MC3T3-E1 osteogenesis and mineralization in vitro and vivo. Herein, the present study confirms the effect of MT in DMT1, prepared and explore available on composites prepared as nanofibers characteristics, the efficacy of MT combined CS-PAP modified hydrogels slow release systems in femur model of osteoporosis mice, associated properties found suitable for bone tissue engineering. May present a new strategy for OP patients management. The results indicate that MT-loaded CS@PAP nanospheres shows favorable osteogenic function in vivo and vitro.
Genome of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis YLGB-1496 provides insights into its carbohydrate utilization and genetic stability
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Yang Jianjun , Shi Shaoqi , Lan Hanglian , Zhao Wen , Hong Weilian , Wang Ran
Published: December 2023

Background
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis YLGB-1496 is a probiotic strain isolated from human breast milk. The application of B. infantis YLGB-1496 is influenced by carbohydrate utilization and genetic stability. This study used genome sequencing to determine the carbohydrate utilization characteristics and genetic stability of YLGB-1496.
Results
The genome sequence of YLGB-1496 consists of 275,8242 bp base pairs, 2442 coding sequences, and a GC content of 59.87%. A comparison of carbohydrate transport and metabolism genes of B. infantis showed that YLGB-1496 was rich in GH13, 20, 25, and 109 gene families. Growth characteristic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and SNP assays were performed in consecutive subcultures, and it was found that the growth characteristics and fermentation activity of the strain were highly stable. The surface and edges of the 1000th generation strains were progressively smoother and well-defined, with no perforations or breaks in the cell wall. There were 20 SNP loci at the 1000th generation, fulfilling the requirement of belonging to the same strain. The presence of genes associated with cell adhesion and the absence of resistance genes supported the probiotic characteristics of the strain.
Conclusion
This is the report on the whole genome sequence of B. infantis YLGB-1496 isolated from human breast milk of China. The data obtained in this study provide insights into broad-spectrum carbohydrate utilization, genomic stability, and probiotic properties of YLGB-1496, which provide theoretical support to promote the use of YLGB-1496 in infant foods.
A dual role of ERGIC-localized Rabs in TMED10-mediated
unconventional protein secretion
Authors: Ge Liang , Sun Yuxin , Tao Xuan , Han Yaping , Tian Rui , Wang Haodong , Sun Qiming , Zhang Min
Published: December 2023

Cargo translocation into dedicated secretory compartments is a crucial aspect of secretion. In conventional secretion, signal peptide-equipped proteins enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while a subset of cargo lacking signal peptides were found to translocate into the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) in unconventional protein secretion (UcPS). The regulatory events at the ERGIC in UcPS is unclear. Here we reveal the involvement of ERGIC-localized small GTPases, Rab1s (Rab1A and Rab1B), and Rab2A in regulating UcPS cargo transport via TMED10 on the ERGIC. Rab1s enhance TMED10 translocator activity, promoting cargo translocation into the ERGIC, while Rab2A, in collaboration with KIF5B, regulates ERGIC compartmentalization, establishing a UcPS-specific compartment. This investigation highlights the pivotal role of ERGIC-localized Rabs in governing cargo translocation and specifying the ERGIC's function in UcPS.
Depression, Anxiety or both? Perspectives on Suicidal Ideation in Young People Following Acute Stressful Events
Authors: Wang Hao , Xu Jingzhou , Cui Yi , Su Tong , Xu Shuyu , Xiao Lei , Zhang Ruike , Liu meishan , Cai wenpeng , Tang yunxiang
Published: December 2023

Background: Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young individuals, with the number of suicide-related fatalities escalating annually, which gets widespread concern worldwide. A substantial body of evidence suggests that suicidal ideation serve as a crucial predictive factor of suicidal actions. In particular, individuals are vulnerable to develop negative cognitions, suicidal ideation and subsequent suicidal behavior following an acute stressful event. The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between emotions and suicidal ideation in a youthful population before and after a stressful event.
Methods:The psychological status and suicidal ideation of the group were conducted by adopting a whole group sampling method before and after the acute stressful event. The data were analyzed utilizing SPSS Version 26 (IBM, Illinois, USA), including the Spearman correlation analysis, meditating effect analysis, the binary logistic regression analysis.
Results: The findings demonstrated that individuals with suicidal ideation exhibited higher levels of stress perception, depression and anxiety compared to those without suicidal ideation at all times. Comparing to the results of daily screening, the mediating effect of depression between stress and suicidal ideation was significantly more pronounced (53.11% - 79.66%) in the group following the stressful event, while the mediating effect of anxiety was smaller (33.48% - 31.03%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that depression subsequent to a stressful event increased the risk of suicidal ideation (OR: 1.74). The results of the logistic
regression analysis corroborated the alterations in the mediating effects, suggesting that depression play a more crucial role in prompting suicidal ideation after a stressful event.
Conclusions:The findings offer an enhanced and refined theoretical foundation for both crisis and clinical interventions, providing greater efficacy and specificity.
Waste furniture-derived biofuel production through steam explosion torrefaction
Authors: Lee Joon-Pyo , Park Gwon Woo , Lee Jin-Suk , Lee Hyung-Woo , Jeong So-Yeon , Lee Jae-Won , Min Kyoungseon
Published: December 2023

Bioenergy utilizing carbon-neutral biomass is significant for power generation. For economic feasibility and to avoid food vs. energy issues, various types of waste biomass have been studied as renewable feedstock. Herein, medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and particle board (PB), which are main components of waste furniture, were used for steam explosion torrefaction. The optimum torrefaction conditions were controlled by the severity index (Ro), resulting in an optimum Ro of 3.72 and 4.01 for MDF and PB, respectively. Additionally, steam explosion torrefied MDF and PB were suitable for Bio-Solid Refuse Fuel (SRF) quality standard, thereby indicating that steam explosion-torrefied MDF and PB can use for solid-type biofuel. This is the first report presenting the potential of waste furniture as a biofuel source for power generation. The results provide insights on the valorization of municipal waste (e.g., waste furniture) and suggest strategies to address recent climate crisis by providing solutions for waste management.
Understanding the barriers and facilitators to implementing and sustaining Mobile Overdose Response Services from the perspective of Canadian key interest groups: A qualitative study.
Authors: Seo Boogyung , Rider Nathan , Rioux William , Teare Adrian , Jones Stephanie , Taplay Pamela , Ghosh S. Monty
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Unregulated supply of fentanyl and adulterants continues to fuel the opioid epidemic across the globe. Mobile Overdose Response Services (MORS) are novel technologies that offer virtual supervised consumption (including hotline and mobile applications) to minimize the risk of fatal overdose for those who are unable to access a physical supervised consumption site. However, as newly implemented services, they are also faced with numerous limitations. The objective of this study was to examine the facilitators and barriers to the adoption and implementation of MORS in the context of the current drug poisoning crisis in Canada.
Methods: A total of 64 semi-structured interviews were conducted between November 2021 and April 2022. Participants consisted of individuals with lived or living experience of substance use (i.e. peers), family members, health care providers, harm reduction workers, members of the general public, and MORS operators. Inductive thematic analysis informed by grounded theory was used to identify major themes and subthemes.
Results: Respondents revealed that MORS facilitated a safe, trauma-informed environment for PWUS to seek harm reduction and other necessary support. It also created a new sense of purpose for operators to positively contribute to the community. However, barriers to adoption of MORS included uncertainty of funding, lacking marketing strategies, and compassion fatigue amongst the workers.
Conclusion: Although MORS were viewed as a useful addition to the currently existing harm reduction toolkit, its barriers to adoption must be continuously examined and monitored in various contexts by engaging the perspectives of key interest groups.
Nemabiome metabarcoding shows a high prevalence of Haemonchus contortus and predominance of Camelostrongylus mentulatus in alpaca herds in the northern UK
Authors: Zahid Osama , Butler Meghan , Hopker Andy , Freeman Emily , Júnior Livio M. Costa , Chaudhry Umer , Sargison Neil
Published: December 2023

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a common threat faced by pastoral livestock. Since their major introduction to the UK in the early 1990s, South American camelids have been co-grazed with sheep, horses, and other livestock, allowing exposure to a range of GIN species. However, there have been no molecular-based studies to investigate the GIN populations present in these camelids. In the current study, we sampled nine alpaca herds from northern England and southern Scotland and used high-throughput metabarcoded sequencing to study the GIN species. A total of eight known GIN species were found, and 71 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were identified. Haemonchus contortus was the most prevalent species found in almost all herds in significant proportions. The identification of H. contortus in other livestock species is unusual in the area, implying that alpacas may be suitable hosts and potential reservoirs for infection in other hosts. In addition, the camelid-adapted GIN species Camelostrongylus mentulatus was identified predominantly on farms with higher faecal egg counts. These findings highlight the importance of applying advanced molecular methods, such as nemabiome metabarcoding to describe the dynamics of gastrointestinal nematode infections in novel situations. The results provide a strong base for further studies involving co-grazing animals to confirm the potential role of alpacas in transmitting GIN species between hosts.
Gravitational self-lensing of the supermassive black hole binary in NGC1566
Authors: Kollatschny Wolfram , Probst Malte , Ochmann Martin , Chelouche Doron
Published: December 2023

It is generally accepted that all massive galaxies host supermassive black holes in their center1 and that mergers of two galaxies lead to the formation of black hole binaries2. The most interesting among them comprise the mergers in their final state, i.e. with pc (3.2 light years) or sub-pc orbital separations. Binary self-lensing is a possibility to detect these systems.
Here we report the detection of a central supermassive black hole binary in the active galaxy (AGN) NGC1566 based on a microlensing outburst. The light curve of the outburst - based on observations with the All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae - lasted from the beginning of the year 2017 until the beginning of 2020. The shape of the symmetric light curve looks very different with respect to normal random variations of AGN3,4. However, it could be easily reproduced with a best-fit standard microlensing light curve5. Based on the light curve we derive a characteristic time-scale of 155 days. During the outburst, the continuum as well as the broad line intensities varied - however the narrow emission lines did not. This is an indication that the lensing object orbits the AGN nucleus between the broad line region and the narrow line region, i.e. at a distance on the order of 250 light days. The observed characteristic time-scale depends on the lens mass, the distances between lens and source, and the transverse velocity. The light curve can be reproduced by a lens with a black hole (BH) mass of 5x105 M⊙. This implies a mass ratio to the central AGN on the order of 1 to 10.
Associations between Life’s Essential 8 with Depression in U.S. Adult: A nationally representative cross-sectional study
Authors: Zeng Peng , Wen Xiang , Luo Xueshan , Zhou Mengyuan , Jiang Cheng
Published: December 2023

Background
The comprehensive impact of cardiovascular health behaviors and factors on the risk of depression is closely related. Our objective was to evaluate the correlation between the quantifiable cardiovascular health(CVH) index - known as Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score and depression.
Method
We employed weighted multiple logistic regression to assess the association between the LE8 score with depression. The restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) model was utilized to evaluate potential non-linear relationships.
Results
A total of 25,794 U.S. adults were enrolled. In the multivariate model, a negative linear association between LE8 score and the risk of depression was observed in both males (OR for a per 10-scores increase:0.75, 95%CI: 0.70,0.81) and females(OR for a per 10-scores increase:0.69, 95%CI:0.65,0.74),. Similar patterns were noted in the association between health behavior and health factor scores with depression in females. Among males, a negative linear relationship is evident between depression and health behavior scores, while no significant association is observed with health factor scores. Regarding the LE8 components, a strong negative association between depression and sleep health scores is observed regardless of gender. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a stronger negative linear association between LE8 and depression in the Other Hispanic population, individuals with higher income, and those with higher levels of education, in both males and females.
Conclusions
The current study demonstrates a negative correlation between adults' LE8 score and the presence of depression. Enhancing compliance with LE8 may serve as an effective preventive and management strategy for reducing the burden of depression.
Substance use among students of two high schools in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Ekwoge Hilda Tonge , Mbah Sonita Anjei , Fodjo Joseph Nelson Siewe , Mbange Germaine L. , Ngarka Leonard , Ntone Felicien E. , Njamnshi Alfred K.
Published: December 2023

Background
Substance use among adolescents is on the rise on the African continent in general, and specifically in Cameroon. However, data on this subject remain scarce, thereby making it difficult to develop context-relevant policies.
Methods
Between January to May 2022, we conducted a study which retrospectively documented lifetime substance use among students of two high schools in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Data on socio-demographics, psychosocial parameters, and history of substance use were collected from students via facilitated self-administered questionnaires. Validated tools (such as the patient health questionnaire PHQ-4 and the 7-item Weinberger adjustment inventory) were used to assess anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and other youth behavioural risks. Factors associated with a history of substance use were investigated using multiple logistic regression.
Results
We recruited 373 students (43.0% male, mean age: 16 ± 1.6 years). Overall, 42.4% had already consumed at least one substance, notably alcohol (40.5%), vap/shisha (8.3%), and tobacco/cigarettes (2.7%). Previous tramadol use was reported by 6 (1.6%) participants. Of the 50 sexually active participants, 37 (74.0%) had a history of substance use. The multiple logistic regression analysis found that the following factors were associated with increased odds of lifetime substance use among students: Male gender (OR: 2.013, 95% CI: 1.127–3.595), depression (OR: 1.238, 95% CI: 1.031–1.487) and low self-esteem (OR: 1.083, 95% CI: 1.003–1.168). Meanwhile, increased parental concerns about drug use served as a protective factor for substance use among the students (OR: 0.196, 95% CI: 0.078–0.496).
Conclusion
About two-fifth of the enrolled high school students had already consumed one or more psychoactive substances, highlighting the need for urgent preventive interventions. For optimal impact, substance use preventive programs should include self-esteem building among the students and improved parental attitudes towards drugs.
Risk factors for subchondral bone alterations in TMJ arthralgia: a retrospective multivariate CBCT study
Authors: Emshoff Rüdiger , Rudisch Ansgar , Bertram Stefan
Published: December 2023

Background
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disorder characterized by loss of cartilage and alterations in subchondral bone architecture. Prospective studies using multivariable analysis to identify risk factors for subchondral bone alterations (SBAs) are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify clinical baseline predictors mostly associated with the severity of TMJ condylar SBAs.
Methods
This retrospective paired-design study enrolled 233 consecutive TMJ pain patients. TMJ pain patients were classified according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) Axis I protocol. Following clinical examination, each patient underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation of both TMJs. A composite condylar SBA grading score was created from the following items: erosion, resorption, cyst, sclerosis, osteophyte, and flattening; the maximum possible score was 4. Multivariate ordinal regression analysis identified baseline predictors of CBCT condylar SBA grades.
Results
The study group included 87.6% women, and the overall average age of the study population was 41.9 ± 18.1 years. The following factors were significantly associated with the severity of condylar SBAs: older age (> 45 years) (odds ratio [OR], 4.53; p < 0.001), having concomitant arthralgia (OR, 1.85; p = 0.035), and higher number of missing posterior teeth (> 4) (OR, 1.80; p = 0.039). Gender (p = 0.080) and time since pain onset (p < 0.05) had no significant association with condylar SBA grade.
Conclusions
Older patients with missing posterior teeth who have a concurrent arthralgia should be advised of their increased risk of developing SBAs. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can be avoided by focusing on these risk factors.