bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jacob Taubes’s Path to Paul
Authors: Løland Ole Jakob
Published: September 2020

In the introduction to his lecture on the Epistle to the Romans from 1987, Jacob Taubes pointed to aspects of his biography as crucial for how Paul came to be a major concern for him as a Jew. The only book Taubes ever wrote as an intellectual, his doctoral thesis Occidental Eschatology (1947), already pointed to Paul, although the position about Paul became more elaborated throughout Taubes’s intellectual career. What Taubes wrote the most were letters. The letters to his former wife Susan Taubes and to his friend Armin Mohler provide a wider background to Jacob Taubes’s various paths to Paul the apostle. In these letters an inescapable reality for Taubes as a Jew in post-war Europe comes to expression: the horrors of Nazism. The question posed in one of the letters to Mohler “What was so seductive about National Socialism?”, underlies major inquiries with which Taubes confronts the reception history of Paul within modern Europe and German Christianity.
“Copied Out Big”
Authors: McGlazer Ramsey
Published: September 2020

This chapter argues that James Joyce’s Ulysses seeks to counter the labor-saving and “liberating” discourse of progressive education, a discourse that begins with Jean-Jacques Rousseau and culminates with John Dewey. Joyce reimagines the pensum, or the punitive copying-out of text, as a model for both his own creative practice and his readers’ experience. This becomes especially vivid in Ulysses’ fourteenth episode, “Oxen of the Sun.” Here, copying the styles of others in a series of painstaking prose pastiches, Joyce also sends his readers back to school, administering a version of the labor-intensive instruction that he thematizes even while he also considers the labor that takes place in the maternity ward in which “Oxen” is set. Against Dewey’s demand that teachers do away with wastes of time for the sake of students’ freedom, Joyce sets these very wastes to work. As he makes the past palpable as dead weight that is not for all that dispensable, Joyce challenges the reproductive heteronormativity, as well as what Elizabeth Freeman would call the “chrononormativity,” that marks progressive educational theories from Émile through Dewey’s Democracy and Education. Joyce suggests strikingly that it is the old school, not the new, that shelters queer forms of life.
Salò and the School of Abuse
Authors: McGlazer Ramsey
Published: September 2020

This chapter revisits Pier Paolo Pasolini’s last film, Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma (1975), an adaptation of the Marquis de Sade set in the fascist Salò Republic. Challenging a critical tendency to see the film as forward-looking or indeed “prophetic,” the chapter attends to Pasolini’s complex and abiding engagements with the past. These include, the chapter argues, engagements with the obsolete forms of what Giovanni Gentile disparaged as mere “instruction.” Salò redeploys these forms as it constructs and compels viewers to inhabit an old school. For Pasolini—whose film was, he said, “conceived as a rite”—the painful, ritual re-enactment of the past becomes a means of countering the collective forgetting of fascism and an alternative to fascism’s remaining “real.” Schooling spectators in what Ernesto De Martino calls the salience of the “bad past that returns,” Pasolini refuses the postwar imperative to disavow the fascist past, to render it a mere “parenthesis.” He draws not only on Sade’s “school for libertinage,” but also on the long-discounted techniques of “instruction” in order to insist that any move beyond fascism must proceed from reckoning with it, not denial. The capacity for this reckoning is what Salò seeks to impart.
Schooling in Ruins
Authors: McGlazer Ramsey
Published: September 2020

This chapter centers on Glauber Rocha’s Claro (1975). Shot in Rome during the director’s exile from Brazil, Claro aspires, like Salò, to the condition of “ritual fact.” Like Pasolini, Rocha asks viewers to repeat the past in the interest of working through it. In order to displace “democratic imperialism,” Claro teaches, we must first return to the dead center of empire and instruction. That is, we must return to—in order to reckon with—Rome. In this way, Rocha revises his own early liberationist position and offers a corrective or key supplement to the more familiar understandings of education and emancipation found in the progressive educational writings of Paulo Freire. In Claro, Rocha makes the surprising case for an anticolonial old school. With onscreen history lessons, voiceover lectures, actors’ rote movements, and the camera’s pans, which compel returns, Claro turns its own opacity to pedagogical profit. The film complicates, rather than clarifies, easier narratives that treat emancipation as a matter of linear progress. But at the same time Rocha insists that a return to the past can enable, rather than thwart, radical change, even revolution.
Libertine Botany and Vegetal Modernity
Authors: Meeker Natania , Szabari Antónia
Published: September 2020

The first western plant fiction appears with the waning of the Renaissance (and may be considered one of the earliest forms of science fiction more generally). While the Aristotelian endorsement of vegetal ensoulment gradually falls out of favor as a natural philosophical approach to plants, this chapter shows that the autonomous liveliness of the plant inherent in the Aristotelian notion of vegetative psūkē is reawakened from its scholastic slumber by two authors: Guy de La Brosse (1586–1641) and Cyrano de Bergerac (1619–1655), both belonging to a circle of libertins érudits. The authors investigate how the botanically oriented texts of La Brosse and Cyrano generate an eclectic combination of proto-scientific ideas, borrowed from traditions spanning atomism to alchemy, to significantly increase the animatedness of the plant. “Freed” from the confines of metaphysics by scientific thought, the plant penetrates into the domain of literature. The plant is thus not only present but takes pride of place at one of the points of origin of science fiction.
The Inorganic Plant in the Romantic Garden
Authors: Meeker Natania , Szabari Antónia
Published: September 2020

This chapter approaches Romantic aesthetics through the “plant horror” of Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), who had an ambivalent relationship to Romantic vitalism, and studies the way in which his arabesque vegetality travels into the work of later writers, including Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935). Poe’s foregrounding of the eighteenth-century notion of “the sentience of all vegetable things” in “The Fall of the House of Usher” (1839) both responds to and undermines Romantic ideas about human affinities with plants. In “Usher,” Poe follows the Enlightenment analogy of human to plant to its logical conclusion in order to expose its aporias; for him, vegetal sentience cannot be contained within any hierarchy of being. At the same time, Poe destroys the Romantic fusional model—in which humans and plants commune within a shared physical world—by focusing on the destructive and rapacious qualities of the vegetal. The transcendental ideas of beauty and the sublime give way in Poe to a vegetality that invades the human consciousness. He suggests that humans might be horrified, rather than delighted, by the calamity that a vegetal modernity represents, even though (and perhaps because) they have no alternative to it.
Becoming Plant Nonetheless
Authors: Meeker Natania , Szabari Antónia
Published: September 2020

The seventh chapter studies the work of twentieth- and twenty-first-century authors and visual artists who seek to move humans toward a vegetal future. What might it mean to think speculatively with plants today? Can humans become plants in order to become critically postconscious, posthuman, feminist, and queer subjects? If so, this process takes place through assemblages with fiction and other technologies of embodiment. This chapter takes up the plant as an engine of speculation that still works to help humans negotiate their relationship to a late modernity that seems always on the verge of ending—a constant calamity that might nonetheless still enable a new way of living and being. The focus of this chapter includes contemporary plant theory, plant-oriented visual art, and plant fictions that generate a “virtual reality” of becoming plant.
Critique and Life
Authors: Thayer Willy
Published: September 2020

This chapter talks about Georg Lukács who emphasized that critique and life must be strictly kept apart. It explains that what Lukács was really separating was not simply life from critique but the understanding of life and of critique as they had been immersed in and explained by the so-called “philosophies of life.” Lukács opposed his own historical dialectical materialist understanding of critique, stressing his understanding of critique, revolution, and life as negation. This chapter also talks about the production of knowledge without gaps, the undialectical, nonnegative, and purely affirmative understanding set out by the philosophies of life. It describes indices of irrationalism, mysticism, and mythology to nourish fascism's blindness.
The Word “Critique”
Authors: Thayer Willy
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on the word crítica, which is a Latin ruin in the Spanish. In the first edition dated 1780, the word crítica (critique) does not appear, suggesting that the “living Spanish” and the Dictionary's intention at the time were moving in a time different from that of the French Revolution. It confirms the regular variations suffered in language dictionaries in the definition of its terms. This chapter also analyzes the definition of terms proposed by the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (RAE), which through different symbolic mechanisms circulates as the lexical bible that in the last instance dictates the meaning of the use of terms. Despite being only one among many dictionaries, even having been challenged in its role as princep among dictionaries, the RAE's monumental binding seems to stress that in it, amid changing usage, the linguistic canon is inscribed forever.
The Epoch of Critique
Authors: Thayer Willy
Published: September 2020

This chapter explains what delimits the epoch of critique that is inaugurated by Immanuel Kant's critical philosophy, the Critique of Pure Reason. It focuses on the epoch of critique that separates itself from dogmatism, that long epoch of many epochs and multiple schools whose natural disposition Kant referred to as “metaphysical.” Before even the arbitrary universalization of beliefs, values, actions, points of view, and particular judgments, dogmatism consists in the inadvertent setting in motion of the presuppositions, conditions, and limits of judgments, convictions, and values. This chapter points out that dogmatism does not lie so much in the intransigent affirmation of an opinion or doctrine as it does in the unsuspecting application of unforeseen conditions and circulates as a liberal or flexible disposition. It emphasizes that the true source of dogmatism is the result of an athematic, inertial use of the form, whatever the circumstances may be.
Heidegger’s Demand
Authors: Thayer Willy
Published: September 2020

This chapter talks about the conception of critique referred in the third paragraph of Martin Heidegger's Being and Time. It describes how Heidegger precipitates the demands for critique and crisis in terms of the totality of entities that can become a field for laying bare and delimiting certain definite areas of subject matter. The area, such as, history, nature, space, life, and Daseincan serve as objects which corresponding scientific investigations may take as themes. Scientific research accomplishes the demarcation and initial fixing of the areas of subject matter. The chapter discusses Heidegger's writings on the naivety of positive scientific research that gravitates around the fact that its effective scrutiny of a field of objects that are generically determined by a basic concept neglects what is imposed on it behind its back as an unrecognized preconcept.
The Leveling of the Pit
Authors: Thayer Willy
Published: September 2020

This chapter explains the word “theater,” which speaks of a voyeuristic, perspectival doubling and a sacrilege in which cultish immanence tears apart the sacred immanence of ritual to display as a spectacle between action and its spectating. It points out the moment in which cult value, in the zero degree of its circulation, becomes exhibition or takes place as exhibition value. The emergence of a repetition, of the event's double, of its translation into another mediation in which the latter, precipitated outside of itself, returns to itself to constitute it as a first time in the spectator's second time. The chapter stresses the possibility for a theater to erupt in victims themselves when they turn to look at their executioner or at themselves. It also describes the scene of sacrifice in which playing a part and giving origin to the difference between stage and stalls represent the event or the event considered as representation.
Critique’s Loss of Aura
Authors: Thayer Willy
Published: September 2020

This chapter mentions the first part of The Communist Manifesto, in which Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels acclaimed the revolutionary character of the industrial matrix that has resolved personal worth into exchange value for exploitation, veiled by religious and political illusions. It also discusses Charles Baudelaire who complimented the defetishization of moral values in which the predominance of the auratic made worse. The serial matrix returns the Kantian use value of critique to the expanded circulation of exchange value in process, with respect to which its use value would be no more than an aestheticizing accessory. The chapter explains how the aura is assembled as an accessory in a planetary “cooperation” that adds more and more functions that are directly governed by capital. It also analyzes the fictional de-aurization of critical activity and revolution carried out by Marx in the sixth, unpublished chapter of “Capital.”
Sorel: Sovereign Critique
Authors: Thayer Willy
Published: September 2020

This chapter analyzes Georges Sorel's Reflections on Violence from 1908. It explains how Sorel presents himself not just as a thinker of violence but as a violent thinker. In his work, Sorel does not produce an apology for violence, for war, or for the proletarian general strike that is undifferentiated within a single revolutionary conatus and destroy the relations of property and expropriation of the historical scene. The chapter mentions Sorel's evangelization of the violent strike that is upheld as the illegitimate means of pursuing just ends or his intention to confront legitimate but unjust regulation. Sorel is a violent thinker not because he adheres to the different kinds of de facto violence that the workers' strike poses against de jure violence but because of the technology through which Reflections of Violence feeds the violence that it aspires to interrupt.
From Waste Lands to Wasted Lives: Enclosure as Aesthetic Regime and Property Regime
Authors: Wenzel Jennifer
Published: September 2020

This chapter traces relationships between material processes and cultural logics of enclosure. Waste land—land not under cultivation, producing no revenue for the state—was the raw material of colonial capitalism. Waste also names the by-products of such transformations: lives and lands laid waste. These processes entail ways of seeing and knowing; aesthetic regimes help to naturalize property regimes. The literary personification of nature (as in the pathetic fallacy) is bound up with the objectification of humans: aesthetic renderings of landscape can reinforce a dehumanizing, anti-commons common sense. These resource logics understand nature as separate from humans, disposed for their use, and subject to their control. The chapter considers the role of European imperialism in consolidating ideas about nature and natural resources, situating new materialist accounts of non-human agency within a broader historical context. Mahasweta Devi’s “Dhowli” anchors an examination of a worldwide history of waste, which begins (for John Locke) when “all the world was America.” Devi’s story bears the traces of successive waves of conquest and enclosure in India and offers an Anthropocene allegory avant la lettre—which the chapter juxtaposes with East India Company officials’ observations of the effects of deforestation, a foundation for modern climate science.
How Far Is Bhopal? Inconvenient Forums and Corporate Comparison
Authors: Wenzel Jennifer
Published: September 2020

This chapter proposes the multinational corporation as an axis for literary comparison. Charting Dow Chemical’s history of harm, it links Indra Sinha’s Bhopal novel Animal’s People to Agent Orange and the silicosis epidemic resulting from Union Carbide’s excavation of the Hawk’s Nest Tunnel in West Virginia. To avoid liability for Bhopal, Union Carbide and Dow invoked the legal doctrine of forum non conveniens (inconvenient forum): a comparative doctrine, concerned with language, location, and the difficulty of interpreting across geographical divides, that resonates with the concerns of comparative literature. Animal’s People’s multilingualism and intertextual allusions derive from its ambivalence about the possibility of environmental justice and planetary solidarity. Aware of its global circulation, Animal’s People is caught between the conventionality of a bourgeois marriage plot and a revolutionary, eco-apocalyptic sublime. This formal tension is the novel’s solution to the challenge of imagining justice for Bhopal without ignoring the historical fact of justice still undone. The chapter demonstrates the pitfalls of bourgeois sympathy and radical solidarity as responses to the calculations of risk logic and its contradictions among toxic, financial, and media exposure. Globalization works through localization, a corollary of neoliberalism’s socializing risk and privatizing profit.
Fixing the World
Authors: Wenzel Jennifer
Published: September 2020

What kind of remedy or redress can literature and other forms of counterfactual imagining offer in the face of environmental injustice? This epilogue draws together from the book’s previous chapters insights about consumerism, citizenship, enclosure, and exposure in order to contemplate this question. Pivoting from The Yes Men Fix the World (a 2009 documentary about the culture-jamming pranksters, the Yes Men) to Chinua Achebe’s reflections on the difference between “beneficent” and “malignant” fiction, the epilogue argues that we should understand all such fictions as risky: unpredictable in how their causes and effects work themselves out across time and space. Such risks entail not only exposure to the possibility of harm, but also leaps of faith into the unknown and the as-yet unrealized, as well as the prospect that the innocence we tend to imagine about ourselves might be countered with a newfound sense of complicity, entanglement, or even self-reflexive solidarity.
Unattended Affect
Authors: Bray Karen
Published: September 2020

“Unattended Affect” asks to which affects and archives we have not trustily attended. Engaging black studies and black political theology, most particularly in the work of Fred Moten and Kelly Brown Douglas, this concluding chapter draws a picture of how a political theology of the unredeemed might take shape when it gravely attends to the spaces of blackness unwilling to participate in the making proper on offer by white supremacy. Following the work of Moten, this chapter argues that it is in the unattended affects, those left open by the unpaid debt of whiteness to blackness, where a political theology of and for the unredeemed might take its most forceful shape. Surmising that it is in part our inability to sit with individual and collective guilt over these debts that stands in the way of societal transformation, in this conclusion grave attending is offered as a mode of witness and resistance to these sites of cheap and violent redemption.
Charles Darwin, Queer Theorist
Authors: See Sam , Herring Scott , Love Heather , Moffat Wendy
Published: September 2020

Darwin conceptualizes nature as a non-normative, infinitely heterogeneous composite of mutating laws and principles. Contextualizing queer literature within a Darwinian framework presents opportunities to reassess contemporary literary histories of modernism that oppose modernist aesthetics, positivist science, and theoretical orthodoxies about the conceptual dangers of nature.
Making Modernism New: Queer Mythology in The Young and Evil
Authors: See Sam , Herring Scott , Love Heather , Moffat Wendy
Published: September 2020

The Young and Evil’s queerness undergirds its most consummately modernist ambitions: to renovate myth for modern purposes and to create folklore for a burgeoning ethnic community.
American Failurism: Hart Crane’s The Bridge and Kenneth Burke’s Paradox of Purity
Authors: See Sam , Herring Scott , Love Heather , Moffat Wendy
Published: September 2020

Hart Crane acknowledged the problem of creating a representative tale of the American tribe. Unlike other writers, however, Crane harnessed the long poem’s generic incapacity to universalize experience as his poem’s central structural and thematic principle. This failure of linguistic union is analogous to the failure of sexual union, but these broken erotic unions open space for poetic expressions of an unidealized myth of homosexual union.
The Relationship between External and Internal Risk Factors with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children Aged 0-59 Months in Slums in Indonesia, 2013
Authors: Nurjana Made Agus , Gunawan Gunawan , Tjandrarini Dwi Hapsari , Nainggolan Olwin
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (Tb) remains a health problem throughout the world. World Health Organization (WHO) has set it as a “Global Emergency” disease. The difficulty of confirming the diagnosis of it in children, different from it in adults, causes the treatment of it in children often neglected. This problem is exacerbated by the supporting environmental conditions, namely living in slums, which makes the risk of transmission even higher.

OBJECTIVE: To identify internal and external factors related to Tb in children aged 0-59 months living in slums in Indonesia.

MATERIAL & METHOD: The data source used was the 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) using a sample of children less than five years old who lived in slums in 34 provinces in Indonesia.

RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis found three risk factors, namely BCG immunization status (age-based), at-risk home environment, and gender (residential area-based). Vaccinated children under one year of age have the best probability of not suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Those who live in a house inhabited by less than five people, or in that occupied by more than four with no one of which smokes or does not suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis has a probability of not being exposed to it. Likewise, women who live in rural areas have almost two times less probability of suffering from it, compared to men in urban areas.

CONCLUSION: Factors contributing to the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants in slums are the status of BCG immunization, air cleanliness in the neighborhood, which can be seen from the differences of risks in rural and urban, and the number of inhabitants per house and their behavior.
Factors Affecting Renters’ Electricity Use: More Than Split Incentives
Authors: Best Rohan , Burke Paul J. , Nishitateno Shuhei
Published: September 2020

This paper uses data from the 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey to explore the extent to which renters’ electricity use in the United States exceeds that of otherwise similar non-renters. Renting households are found to use approximately 9% more electricity than non-renters when controlling for location, socioeconomic, and many appliance-quantity controls. There are multiple factors that explain this extra electricity use, including inferior energy efficiency of appliances, behavioral factors, differences in bill payment responsibilities, and additional reliance by renters on electric space and water heaters. The paper finds that none of these factors are dominant. The phenomenon of renters’ (conditionally) higher electricity use is thus best understood as one that emerges from multiple sources.
Mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic associated with social isolation
Authors: Ramírez-Ortiz Jairo , Castro-Quintero Diego , Lerma-Córdoba Carmen , Yela-Ceballos Francisco , Escobar-Córdoba Franklin
Published: September 2020

The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern, which poses a major challenge to mental health as a result of its unprecedented impact in this 21st century. Research in past epidemics has revealed a deep and wide range of psychosocial consequences at the individual and collective level. There are multiple associated psychological disturbances, ranging from isolated symptoms to complex disorders with marked impairment of functionality, such as insomnia, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, it is necessary for mental health services to develop strategies that allow them to react skillfully and provide support to health workers and the affected population so as to reduce the psychological impact as well as the development of psychiatric symptoms. The purpose of this reflection article is to show the possible consequences on the mental health of the population as a result of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bilan de la gestion intégrée des ressources et du territoire au Québec
Authors: Bernard Anne , Gélinas Nancy , Bélanger Louis
Published: September 2020

Le concept de gestion intégrée des ressources et du territoire (GIRT) apparaît dans le premier article de la Loi sur l’aménagement durable des forêts du Québec. La GIRT reste néanmoins un concept très abstrait en raison des nombreuses interprétations qui peuvent en être faites. Afin de faire un bilan de la mise en œuvre de la GIRT au Québec, différents résultats ont été analysés soit les constats faits lors d’un colloque intitulé Où en sommes-nous 30 ans après le colloque « L’utilisation polyvalente de la forêt, une utopie? » qui s’est tenu le 10 mai 2018 dans le cadre de la 86eédition de l’ACFAS et les résultats d’entrevues avec des experts impliqués dans la mise en œuvre de la GIRT. Bien que plusieurs changements se soient opérés au cours des trente dernières années, les résultats démontrent que des mises à jour sont toujours nécessaires pour atteindre les objectifs fixés dans le régime forestier de 2013. Ces changements devraient principalement s’opérer par une prise en compte des acteurs et des communautés ancrées sur le territoire, et ce, grâce à des approches de gouvernance participative.
Web 2.0 as a new channel for innovation diffusion: The case study of renewable energy products
Authors: Mrabet Rim Gharbi
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, social web and social media are considered as new communication’ channels that enable the diffusion of new products and innovations, such as: renewable energy products. In addition, renewable energies become the new alternative source of energy that insures environmental benefits, economic returns and social welfare.Hence, we will focus in this study on the impact of the use of web 2.0 and social networks in the diffusion of renewable energy products.
Creation of Organizational Knowledge on the Basis Von Krogh, Nonaka and Ichijo Capacitors: A Case Study in the Grange Df Pork Company
Authors: Silva Elisângela Freitas da , Pereira Frederico Cesar Mafra , Rodrigues Eloísa Helena Guimarães
Published: September 2020

This research aimed to identify and analyze, from the perspective of Von krogh et al. (2001), what enablers are present at the creation of organizational knowledge of the swine Granja DF Pork Company, from the perspectives of its managers and employees. The research is characterized as descriptive, qualitative, and the case study as the chosen method. There were nine representative interviewed subjects of strategic, managerial and operational company, selected by convenience sample, via semi-structured, and the use of participant observation technique. The results indicate the existence of four of the five enablers proposed by Von Krogh et al. (2001) in the context of DF Pork: ‘to instill the vision of knowledge', 'managing conversations', 'creating the appropriate context' and 'globalize local knowledge', and detected the absence of enabling 'mobilize knowledge activists' . However, the existence of these enablers happens at the level of individuals the company researched through isolated knowledge conversion practices, not as conditions for the creation of knowledge at the organizational level. Such considerations may serve as a basis for structuring and implementation of knowledge translation practices at the organizational level in DF Pork.
Imitação e Inovação na Moda: Mapeando o Processo Criativo no Segmento de "Modinha" em uma Feira Regional
Authors: Calíope Thalita Silva , Da Silva Filho José Carlos Lázaro
Published: September 2020

Fashion is recognized by transience, resulting in its short life cycle, since the constant changes make what was previously considered "fashionable" obsolete (Emidio Sabione, 2010). In this market, innovate and act before competitors, accelerate the launch of products, reduce design time and the placement of new items on the market is a survival condition (Lipovetsky, 2007). A central factor in the fashion spread is imitation, as this promotes both innovation and obsolescence, forcing producers to set up periodically (Caulkins et al., 2007, Pesendorfer, 1995). The research object is the "modinha", women's clothing that follows media trends, is the copying, with or without changes, to the mass market (Avelar, 2009; Victor, 2007), in this study, "José Avelino Street Fair". This fair meets weekly hundreds of manufacturers in a metropolis of northeastern Brazil that has been established as a fashion hub. Thus, it was proposed to identify the process of innovation in companies that make “modinha” in this Fair. The research was conducted through a survey and data were obtained from a questionnaire administered with 78 stallholders. One descriptive and exploratory data analysis was performed. It was found that, contrary to expectation, a considerable formality, with 49 of the 78 respondents with CNPJ; its customers are small retailers; and their competitors are the stallholders. Regarding the creation of clothes models, the stallholders research in various sources and said imitating models from these sources, but they try to make changes.
Performance concept through a Service-Dominant Logic in Tunisian manufacturing companies
Authors: Kerfai Nejla , Ghadhab Bahia Bejar
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to discuss the meaning and the aims of transitions to Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) concept especially in Tunisian manufacturing companies. It also aims to observe the performance perception, measurement and practices by these manufacturing companies. A literature review revealed that SDL share some ideas with other concepts such as corporate social responsibility, resource based view and product service system. Therefore a conceptual model of the transition to SDL in manufacturing companies was proposed. Then an interview-based study was employed to explore the extent of the SDL as well as the performance perception measurement and practices in the Tunisian manufacturing companies. An interview guideline was developed and used in the interviews across some of Tunisian companies. A qualitative data analysis revealed that the studied Tunisian manufacturing companies consider the performance as the combination of Quality-Cost-Time, they uses mostly technical and quality indicators and give importance to practices concerning quality management. The presented results are limited by the low response rate and the small sample size. Since the respondents belong to manufacturing companies, the research results could be only indicative of this type of companies. This research is an attempt to explore the service transitions that many manufacturing companies seek to undertake in order to contribute in the development of manufacturing companies’ networks to provide grounds to be more competitive and preferment.
Open Innovation: A New Mechanism For Adoption Of Organizational Innovation Empirical Evidence From Algerian Companies
Authors: Aichouche Khayra , Bousalem Rafika
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the openness degree of companies and organizational innovation. The openness degree is defined as the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal Innovation, and to expend markets for external use of innovation (Chesbrough, 2006). The research utilizes causality models and suggests a conceptual schema subsequent to a comprehensive analysis of the literature linked to open innovation field. A sample of 120 managers and employees of Algerian pharmaceutical company is used. The SEM is used to analyze and approve the proposal of the conceptual schema. Results of the empirical research show that open innovation is positively and significantly related to organizational innovation, on the other hand, these results indicate that there is a positive and significant impact of organizational innovation on organizational performance.
Changing Complexity in the Norte Chico, 3000–1800 cal BCE
Authors: Creamer Winifred , Haas Jonathan
Published: September 2020

Chapter 5 discusses the Late Archaic (ca. 3420–1830 cal BC/5370–3780 cal BP) in the Norte Chico, a section of the Peruvian coast north of Lima, Peru. The Late Archaic was the first period of widespread monumental centers on the Peruvian coast and the Norte Chico was the first center of florescence. At these sites, domesticated plants provided the carbohydrates in the Norte Chico diet, while fish and probably mollusks provided the animal protein. The authors focus on the emergence of ideological and economic power in the Late Archaic Norte Chico.
The Fisherman’s Garden
Authors: Prieto Gabriel
Published: September 2020

Chapter 8 draws lessons about Peruvian maritime adaptations from the early Initial Period site of Pampa Gramalote (1500–1200 cal B.C./3450–1350 cal BP) in the Moche valley in northern Peru. Fishermen at Gramalote also cultivated plants important for their fishing, such as cotton, reeds, and gourds, and some of the plants they consumed. Other plant foods were acquired through exchange with valley farmers. Thus, the inhabitants of Gramalote practiced a mixed economy that allowed them to practice symmetrical exchange with the farmers.
The Ethnogenesis of Pescador Identity
Authors: Sutter Richard C. , Prieto Gabriel
Published: September 2020

Chapter 9 discusses ethnogenesis on the north coast of Peru from the perspective of bioarchaeology at the Initial Period site of Pampa Gramalote (1500–1200 cal B.C./3450–1350 cal BP) in the Moche valley in northern Peru. The authors examine the genetic relationship between fishing and contemporary, nearby populations using dental traits. They conclude that Gramalote contrasts sharply with preceding maritime populations of the Peruvian Preceramic Period and exchanged mates with farming populations in the adjacent valley. Ethnic identity here is not coterminous with genetics but rather a result of shared economic activities.
Fantasies of Belonging, Fears of Precarity
Authors: Bradshaw Melissa
Published: September 2020

“Fantasies of Belonging, Fears of Precarity” considers the politics of late twentieth-century feminist reclamation work in modernist literary studies. Many prolific women artists were doubly left behind, first by the New Critics, and then, several generations later, by feminist scholars who, in their work recovering women artists lost to New Criticism’s masculinist narrative did not find a place for them in what quickly became a narrow, and predictable, feminist canon. This chapter focuses on Amy Lowell and Edith Sitwell, women whose multiple roles as poets, editors, and critics allowed them significant access to power and with it, the opportunity to mentor and support other women. And yet, as the chapter demonstrates, they did not. Despite rich personal relationships with women, neither Sitwell nor Lowell had significant or lasting professional relationships with other women. Their subsequent exclusion from feminist modernist literary criticism perhaps tells us as much about the identifications and interests that drove late twentieth-century feminist recovery work as it does about the inclusion of more now-canonical figures.
The Cisco Homestead and Hassanamisco Reservation
Authors: Gould D. Rae
Published: September 2020

Chapter 7 continues to explore the centrality of place to the continuation of Nipmuc culture and identity, and the concept of cultural landscapes, large and small. The important role that Nipmuc women who lived at the Cisco Homestead, such as Sarah Arnold Cisco, Sarah Cisco Sullivan, and Zara Ciscoe Brough, had in the preservation of this place is a focus of the chapter’s history about the homestead andHassanamisco Reservation in Grafton, Mass. The parcel on Brigham Hill Road in Grafton (which became the Hassanamisco Reservation) became the last parcel of tribally-owned land in the region following the sale of the parcel at Hassanamesit Woods. The decision to preserve this land base by women leaders of the tribe, beginning in 1857, became a defining moment in the formation of the modern-day Nipmuc Tribe. Without the preservation of this land and homestead, the tribe would not have continued as a distinct cultural group as it exists today.
The Holocene Occupations of Southern Belize
Authors: Prufer Keith M. , Kennett Douglas J.
Published: September 2020

In Chapter 2, Keith Prufer and Douglas J. Kennett focus on the long history of human occupation in southern Belize, from initial colonization at the end of the Pleistocene to the present. First occupied by Paleoindians, the landscape of southern Belize has seen 10 millennia of cultural modifications. The authors, drawing on more than two decades of archaeological research, discuss why studying the long historical trajectories of settlements within a region can provide data about how humans adapt and reorganize over long periods of time and insights into underlying processes of resilience and reorganization in response to climatic, demographic, and social pressures. The chapter draws on climate reconstruction data to look at Holocene adaptations to a changing landscape.
Landscapes of Warfare, Détente, and Trade in the Maya West
Authors: Golden Charles W. , Scherer Andrew K.
Published: September 2020

In chapter 11, Charles Golden and Andrew Scherer discuss how the political and economic landscapes in the western lowlands impacted the monumental landscape of the Late and Terminal Classic periods along the Usumacinta River. These landscapes shaped, and were shaped by, dynastic power struggles between the kingdoms of Palenque, Piedras Negras, Tonina, and Yaxchilan, and impacted the function and flow of goods and people across the region. Drawing on epigraphic research, excavation results, ground survey, and remotely sensed data gathered during 15 field seasons of regional survey, the authors emphasize the movement of people and goods; movement was affected by friction resulting from the physicality and political dynamics of the landscape. It was this friction—and attempts to increase or reduce it through warfare and marriage alliances—that shaped travel and trade during the Classic period and, in turn, was crafted in stone at Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan. For the authors, the representations of lords and ladies, allies and captives, carved on lintels, stairs, and stelae at Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan are truly monumental landscapes.
The Fractured American Dream
Authors: Delerme Simone
Published: September 2020

Chapter 3 of the book focuses on the character, reputation, and place-identity of the Buenaventura Lakes suburb, and the impact of linguistic transformations due to the community’s Latinization. Drawing on various data sources, the chapter shows how talk about landscape aesthetics, living conditions, crime, racial, ethnic, and class identities, and language intertwine to reinforce social class distinctions and the racialization of suburban spaces, places, and therefore people. The strong connection between suburban living and prosperity is unraveling, and Buenaventura Lakes is a declining suburb representative of the changing social and economic conditions and demographics in suburbs across the United States. Buenaventura Lakes, once a community for “country club living” and “affordable luxury,” is perceived as a Latino “ghetto” or “slum” in the eyes of residents and non-residents, Latinos and non-Latinos. Despite the populations’ income diversity and the high prices of some homes, the residents are paradoxically described as poor, lower class, low income, or at best working class. Additionally, the concentration of Latinos is interpreted as a lack of diversity. Thus, this suburb is constructed as a non-white space, foreign and uncomfortable for non-Latino whites, which adds to residential segregation in Greater Orlando.
Manuel J. Cobos, San Cristóbal, and the Hacienda El Progreso
Authors: Stahl Peter W. , Astudillo Fernando J. , Jamieson Ross W. , Quiroga Diego , Delgado Florencio
Published: September 2020

This chapter describes the historic Hacienda El Progreso and its evolution into an industrial-scale sugar plantation and extensive cattle ranch, particularly after its founding visionary, Manuel J. Cobos, returned to San Cristóbal Island in 1879. The island’s climate, vegetation, and contemporary human population are introduced with particular attention on the highland village of El Progreso, the historic hacienda’s namesake. The chapter details the transformation of island landscapes through historic descriptions of the hacienda’s expanding holdings, infrastructure, and human population. Further historic descriptions of Hacienda El Progreso after Cobos’ assassination by his workers in 1904 track its waning fortunes and eventual fate into the 1960s.
Galápagos, San Cristóbal, El Progreso, and Colonos in a Changing World
Authors: Stahl Peter W. , Astudillo Fernando J. , Jamieson Ross W. , Quiroga Diego , Delgado Florencio
Published: September 2020

This chapter summarizes the human history of Galápagos and its legacy in the contemporary context of a protected natural area and popular destination for conservation tourism. The recent history of contemporary human residents of the island is examined from Cobos’s death in 1904 through the growth of conservation and ecotourism after the Second World War. The direct and indirect impacts of the current situation on local resources and resident populations, and the responses of islanders and governments to them, are discussed. Consideration is given to the future of Galapagueño culture as the islands transition from a production-based economy to one based on services, especially tourism.
Mourning, Melancholia, and the Loss of Youth
Authors: Dawson Melanie V.
Published: September 2020

Interrogating youth’s cultural and symbolic meanings in the wake of the Great War, this chapter explores fictions of loss by Wharton and Cather rooted in depictions of mourning and melancholia, Freud’s constructs of grief. The loss of young soldiers encompassed not only the losses of particular young men, but also implicated the larger, cultural losses of youthful qualities at large, across a generation. In tales that focus on the older men, the losses of the young threaten to become overwhelming, so fully do the aging depend upon the idea of energized young men, who embody the ideals associated with youth. Articulating fears that the social fabric is forever rent by the loss of positive intergenerational bonds, these texts suggest that a healthy, coherent society depends upon cross-generational bonds of the sort severed by the war-time losses of young men, resulting in a society left to bereaved old men.
Old Age and the Embrace of the Uncanny
Authors: Dawson Melanie V.
Published: September 2020

Contextualizing Wharton’s old-aged fiction within depictions of a destabilized old age, or a senescence of decline and imperilled personhood, this chapter compares Wharton’s writing to that of Vorse and Hall. In contrast with visions of a defamiliarized, uncanny aged self, Wharton’s work posits an older age filled with motivating desires and ambitions. This is also fiction that deploys gothic tropes to reveal how completely interaction with the aged tends to destabilize others, especially younger viewers, who see only age’s vagaries and unsteadiness, and who find it fearful.
Scavenger and Sentry
Authors: Russell Nerissa
Published: September 2020

Foragers domesticated dogs before plants and livestock. In the Near East, dogs are present from the Epipaleolithic, living with settled foragers. With the advent of farming in the Neolithic, human activities changed and dogs’ lives surely did as well. Dogs have served many roles in human societies: food, pet, guard, herding aid, and scavenger, to name a few. This chapter examines the remains of dogs and their activities (gnawed and digested bones) contextually at Çatalhöyük, a large Neolithic site occupied for approximately 1,000 years in central Anatolia. At Çatalhöyük, the evidence suggests that dogs did not play a major role in hunting or herding, but served as sentries and garbage processors. In particular, they may have contributed significantly to improving human health by consuming human feces. Comparisons with other Near Eastern Neolithic sites suggest that dogs may have occupied different niches in other places. However, there is little evidence that they were used extensively in either hunting or herding, or that they were regarded as companions in the Near Eastern Neolithic, in contrast to the earlier Epipaleolithic. Dogs become more widespread and ubiquitous through time in the Neolithic, suggesting their value increased as agriculture became established.
Dog Days to Horse Days
Authors: Bethke Brandi
Published: September 2020

Dogs played an important role in the social, cultural, and economic life of peoples inhabiting the Northwestern Plains of North America for thousands of years. Despite functioning as pack animals, guards, religious figures, and even companions, dogs were never as integral to Blackfoot culture as the horse became. To date, researchers have most often characterized the relationship of Blackfoot people and their horses by framing the horse as an “upgraded model”—a “new and improved” dog. While prior experience with domesticated dogs did help facilitate the incorporation of horses into the daily lives of the Blackfoot people, this chapter argues that it is the fundamental differences between dogs and horses that prove to be one of the greatest sources of cultural change between the pre- and postcontact periods. Through a framework that integrates archaeology, history, and contemporary ethnography this chapter identifies these key differences in order to better understand how the horse fostered new and dramatically different conceptions of domesticated animals that in turn had significant effects on the use and value of dogs within equestrian Blackfoot culture.