bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Pre-Defined Automatic Machine Learning (AutoML) for MBTI Personality Prediction of Twitter Users using Binary Classification Approach
Authors: Kusumaningrum Retno , Khoerunnisa Selvi Fitria , Farikhin  , Surarso Bayu , Herlambang Ahmad Ainun
Published: October 2024

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality test that is globally accepted and used as a method for identifying personality. MBTI uses a four-factor linear model to characterize a person's behaviour patterns. This feature is often used to pursue career opportunities, make decisions, manage leadership, and deal with stress. In particular, MBTI personality prediction has been widely conducted and well performed using Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based on Twitter data because it indirectly reveals most of a person's personality through their tweets. However, deep understanding is needed in building RNN-based solutions. Hence it will take a lot of time and resources to produce an excellent model architecture and the parameters used. Therefore, this study proposed the Auto Machine Learning (AutoML) method with a pre-defined search space to determine the correct model architecture and hyperparameters based on the results of data analysis. Thus, the search algorithm can exploit environments with suitable configurations in general. There are two pre-defined search spaces employed in this study, i.e. (i) two RNN algorithms, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and (ii) pre-trained Word2Ves as word embedding. In addition, this study compares the model's performance that employs preprocessing and raw data (without preprocessing). The first result shows that the preprocessing increases the F1-Score values for LSTM and GRU by 2.35% and 2.02%, respectively. Subsequently, the LSTM outperformed GRU by the values of F1-Score at 0.35% and accuracy at 0.76%. The implementation of LSTM with pre-processed data in pre-defined AutoML with Word2Vec as a word embedding technique can provide good performance on long and complex data sequences such as Twitter data for predicting its user personality.
A Modified Lsb Image Steganography Method Using Msb-Based Pixel Filtering Algorithm
Authors: Hassan Md. Maruf , Alam Sheikh Thanbir , Ahmad R. Badlishah , Yaakob Naimah , Tabassum Mou Munira , Ong Bi Lynn , Kahar Nur Farhan
Published: October 2024

Data is one of the most particularly substantial ways now and has to fight correctly with the rising concern of cybersecurity. Furthermore, every time, info is lurked and changed from the online when directed. Thereupon, to strengthen safety when broadcast, aside from the two ways accessible, one is cryptography and second one is steganography. In the cryptography system, info is programmed to cryptogram text by non-public key, yet the data’s corporeality is apparent to others, regardless of how impenetrable they are. In addition, steganography hides private data in a common confidential file to escape eye recognition. This study offered a unique information concealing approach leveraging LSB image steganography, in which concealed data employs just the user-selected picture elements. On the contrary, image element info is employed to strainer the complete picture to find the seeker image element, and a stoner-defined word is utilized to protect the LSB steganography. To improved safety, the XOR mathematical scheme is utilized to incorporate confidential information, before performing steganography, the AES system encodes the confidential text. During the case study, various quality measure metrics values are multiplied to determine the quality of the succeeding stego image. The stego image offers developing PSNR and lower MSE value as related to other investigated styles, which suggests the inflexibility of the recommended scheme.
Parking Slot Detection and Vacancy Check Based on Deep Learning Method
Authors: Islam Fahadul , Arman Md. Shohel , Ong Bi Lynn , Jahan Hasnur , Ahmad R. Badlishah , Yaakob Naimah , Kahar Nur Farhan , Hassan Md. Maruf
Published: October 2024

In Bangladesh, traffic is a huge problem, mostly in urban areas like Dhaka. Parking at the roadside is a major problem for traffic in Bangladesh. Private transport user waste most of their time in their daily life searching for a parking slot. Therefore, there is a crucial need to develop a system to help people find vacant parking spots. Systems for managing parking spaces, such as those that identify empty spaces, can help minimize traffic and energy waste in big cities. Since visual approaches may use security cameras installed already in several parking lots, they are an affordable alternative to other methods of vacancy detection. Based on the deep learning model, we have made a cost-effective system and will apply data from that camera. After applying different deep-learning models, we implemented YOLOv7, Mask-RCNN, and YOLOv5. Class loss, Box loss, instances, mAp, and Object loss are all generated by the model. Among all models, YOLOv5 has the highest mAp, 98%. In the future, we will work on providing access to a registered user in the parking garage. This will increase the dataset and obtain higher accuracy.
Input-Output Based Relations T-Way Test Suite Generation Strategy Based on Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (iTTSGA)
Authors: Ramli Nuraminah , Othman Rozmie Razif , Hendradi Rimuljo , Zakaria Hasneeza Liza , Ismail Iszaidy , Mohd Zaki Nurul Ain , N. Ahmad Yani Nik Afiqah
Published: October 2024

Input-output based relations (IOR) testing is one of the important support interactions in t-way testing (t is referring to the interaction strength). For the past 20 years, a number of IOR test suite generation strategies have been put forth in the literature (e.g., Density, ParaOrder, ReqOrder, UNION, Greedy, ITTDG, and AURA). Although these strategies can produce a sizable IOR test suite, very little of them use the metaheuristic search technique. According to the literature, compared to other search techniques, most metaheuristic-based t-way strategies can produce smaller test suite sizes for uniform and variable strength interactions. Because the T-way test suite generation problem is NP-hard, no strategy can guarantee that it can produce the ideal test suite size for every possible system configuration.  Motivated by these challenges, this paper presents an IOR test suite generation strategy based on a metaheuristic algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) called iTTSGA. The results of two benchmark experiments for IOR uniform and non-uniform configurations were compared with those of other IOR strategies that have been published. The performance of iTTSGA has been statistically analyzed using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon Sum test. Results show that, with the exception of |R| = 10 and the top ranking in the Friedman Test, iTTSGA outperforms other strategies in the majority of uniform configurations. In addition, the iTTSGA performs exceptionally well in non-uniform configuration for |R| = 30 and 60 and ranks second in the Friedman test. It demonstrates that iTTSGA can produce test suites with a smaller file size for IOR t-way testing.
Hardware Implementation of Hough Transform for the Application in Lane Detection in Smart Vehicles
Authors: Uttraphan Chessda , Ravindran Dhivaakar , Chua Wee Heng , Kok Boon Ching , Ahmad Nabihah , Edwin Raj A Arul
Published: October 2024

Lane detection is one of the important features of smart vehicles. It is used to assist drivers in achieving the best driving experience. Lane detection utilizes the line detection algorithm where there are many algorithms that are available, but the most effective algorithm is the Hough Transform because it is simple and can be applied in both software and hardware implementations. However, studies shown that Hough Transform implementation of video in the software environment could result in sub-par performance because it requires extremely high computation resources and memory. Therefore, we propose hardware implementation of the Hough Transform for lane detection in this work. The targeted hardware is the Field Programmable Logic Array (FPGA) as its reconfigurable nature allows for rapid design. Hardware implementation of video processing enables parallel data processing, which reduces overall system latency. Furthermore, the hardware design can be optimized to reduce the number of logics that will lead to lower power consumption. The hardware logics were designed based on the Hough Transform equation by using the Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) in Intel Quartus Prime software. After the design is successfully completed and verified through simulation, the execution speed of the hardware implementation is then compared with the same design in the software environment (MATLAB). The results show that Hough Transform implemented on the hardware is more than 100 times faster than the software implementation. The total number of logic elements is less than 1% of logic resources, resulting in low power consumption at 146 mW.
A Comparison of PSO-based Neural Network Predictions of F2 Ionospheric Layer Critical Frequency in Malaysia with IRI-2016
Authors: Homam Mariyam Jamilah , Risal Noreen Nabilla , Mat Akir Rohaida , Suryadi Suryadi
Published: October 2024

This paper discussed the prediction of the equatorial ionospheric F2 layer critical frequencies, foF2, using a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model in conjunction with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, named as the BPNN–PSO model, for various solar and geomagnetic activities, and compared it with the IRI-2016 model. The critical frequency data were taken from an ionosonde located at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia in Johor, Malaysia (1.86° N, 103.80° E). The model’s outputs were analyzed using root-mean-square error (RMSE). The BPNN–PSO model outperformed the IRI-2016 model during low, medium, and high solar activity. The BPNN–PSO model had the lowest RMSE of 0.20 MHz and performed best during periods of high solar activity. This is much better than the RMSE for IRI-2016 model, which was 2.95 MHz. In addition, compared with the IRI-2016 model, the BPNN–PSO model made accurate predictions during both quiet and geomagnetic storm conditions. The BPNN–PSO model had the lowest RMSE of 0.54 MHz during an intense storm, while the IRI-2016 model had the RMSE of 2.84 MHz during this storm.
Towards Enhancing Power System Protection in Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation: A Graph Theory-Based Systematic Relay Placement Approach
Authors: Haron Ahmad Razani , Ngu Mee Chung , Ibrahim Pungut , Megat Hasnan Megat Muhammad Ikhsan , Mohamad Nur Aqilah , Chai Chang Yii , Lago Herwansyah , Diantoro Markus
Published: October 2024

This manuscript presents an innovative approach to optimize power system protection through strategic relay placement in distribution systems with distributed generation (DG). Traditionally, distribution systems relied on radial configurations, assuming power flow from the grid feeder to downstream networks. However, with the integration of DG technologies, the complexity of relay placement and maintenance increases. The study aims to address protection system issues associated with connecting DGs, such as tripping of production units, blinding of protection, and undesirable islanding. The proposed methodology combines graph theory, energy not supplied (ENS) values, and relay coordination strategies to achieve reliable power system operation. The algorithm is implemented in MATLAB, utilizing data from DigSilent PowerFactory. The key constraints for relay placement, including islanding operation, relay coordination, and load priorities, are considered to minimize the number of power outages and increase overall system reliability. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated using IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test systems under different conditions. Results show consistent and reliable relay placement locations, considering DG locations and load priorities. The algorithm's speed, effectiveness, and adaptability to different network topologies make it a promising approach for power system protection planning in distribution systems with distributed generation.
Towards Human-Centric Mental Health Chatbot Design: Leveraging on DASS-21
Authors: Voon Viola Li Wei , Tan Ping Ping , Sim Chia Wei
Published: October 2024

The existing landscape of mental health apps exhibits several limitations, particularly concerning their effectiveness in mental health prevention and their ability to provide adequate assistance for mental health practitioners. In this study, a human-centric design chatbot is proposed leveraging on the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) for addressing these challenges. Based on the interviews carried out with five mental health professionals, a chatbot prototype was developed by integrating the DASS-21 assessment tool together with other features aimed at enhancing mental health prevention. The chatbot was then subjected to comprehensive testing involving users and two mental health practitioners. The usability testing with mental health practitioners revealed promising results, indicating that the chatbot effectively supports mental health prevention. Additionally, the feedback from mental health practitioners highlighted the usefulness of the chatbot as a tool in their practice. The usability testing involved 15 university students, with 40.0% female and 60.0% male participants. The majority of respondents were in the age range of 24-26 years old (53.3%), followed by 21-23 years old (40.0%), and a small percentage (6.7%) were 18-20 years old. In terms of their university year, 86.7% were Year 4 students, and 13.3% were Year 3 students. While most university students expressed agreement with the features in the mobile app, some (13.33%) rated certain aspects as "Average." These included the availability of sufficient information on specific pages and the user interface design, indicating that the chatbot may still be lacking in knowledge, data, and comprehensive functionalities. These findings demonstrate the potential of our human-centric design approach and the integration of DASS-21 within a chatbot framework to enhance mental health prevention. By addressing the limitations of existing mental health apps and garnering positive feedback from users and practitioners, our study contributes to the ongoing efforts in improving mental health support through technology.
Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches for The Modelling of Non-Invasive Optical-Based Hemoglobin Measurement Device
Authors: Priandana Karlisa , Mucholis Afif , Lubis Rinaldy Permana , Irzaman Irzaman , Wahjuni Sri , Jenie Renan Prasta , Muharam Nurdin Naufal , Dahrul Muhammad , Aridarma Arga , Alatas Husin
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses the comparison of several machine learning approaches to build a model for our developed non-invasive optical-based hemoglobin measurement device. Optical data for hemoglobin prediction was obtained from 120 volunteering patients taken in two different time periods, i.e., experiment 1 and experiment 2. The gold standard of these data for model training was taken from laboratory hemoglobin tests conducted at IPB University’s Policlinic. The two experiments suggest that univariate feature selection and Multi-Variable Linear Regression (MVLR) are promising for model building. Simulation results for several features show that a total of 30 features were able to produce the best model with Mean Absolute Error (MAE) = 1.25 g/dL, Mean Squared Error (MSE) = 2.56 and an R-squared (R2) = 0.24. This means that the 30 coefficients obtained for the 30 most important features can be embedded in the developed non-invasive optical-based hemoglobin measurement device. However, more data is needed to produce a better model.
Enhancing First Year Fundamental Engineering Subject Understandings through Game Based Cooperative Learning
Authors: Mohshim Dzeti Farhah , Tang Chris Jonathan , Wee Sia Chee
Published: October 2024

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a need for rapid changes to the existing education system to ensure continuous fulfilment of human capital development needs amidst the challenges of social distancing. Thus, game-based cooperative learning carried out via an online environment is proposed for implementation to ensure students stay engaged in the newly created study atmosphere. For this study, online game-based learning is implemented on a group of final year Petroleum Engineering students taking Production Chemistry and Flow Assurance in a private government-linked Malaysian university. Students’ feedback was obtained to analyse the effectiveness of the implemented study upon completion of the semester. The survey questions were grouped into 6 themes, namely Relevance, Reflective Thinking, Interactivity, Tutor Support, Peer Support, and Interpretation. Overall, the implementation was a success indicated by student satisfaction at 88.3% by the first class with room for improvement in the area of peer support. The maximum score of 5 was rated as the mode for 92% of the 24 survey questions while the mean ranged from 4.0 to 4.7. The standard deviation was also found to range from 0.45 to 1.11, showing a relatively collective agreement on the successful implementation of game-based learning.
The activities of the police and public organizations to prevent the spread of prostitution in the late XIX – early XX centuries in the Kazan province
Authors: Bikchurina El'vira
Published: October 2024

Introduction: the author deals with the history and legal analysis of the social and state interaction in the fight against prostitution in the late XIX and early XX centuries, taking the Kazan province as an example. The relevance of this topic arises from the need to develop effective measures for the socialisation of women willing to leave prostitution.

Materials and Methods: the author studied both published regulatory acts and unpublished documents of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan; information from the Medical and Police Committee and the Society for the Protection of the Oldest Professional Women of the city of Kazan, as well as periodicals of the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century. The author relied on objectivity and historicism, systemic, historical and legal methods of research.

Results: taking the Kazan province as an example, the author analyses the efforts of the police and public organisations to prevent the spread of prostitution and to rehabilitate women engaged in this type of activity. It was the Kazan where the Women's Aid Society was created. The Kazan police, represented by the Medical and Police Committee, and the Society for the Protection of the Oldest Professional Women of the City of Kazan carried out social work to reverse prostitution as an antisocial phenomenon.

Discussion and Conclusions: the author comes to the conclusion that in the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX century public associations together with the police became actively involved in the struggle against prostitution. This was due to the negative effects of the regulation of prostitution.
FORENSIC SUPPORT AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING THE QUALITY OF EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL CASES
Authors: Satdinov Lenar
Published: October 2024

Introduction: the article examines the challenging aspects of the legal regulation of the organization of forensic support for the process of proof in criminal proceedings. Law enforcement practice shows that forensic support plays a significant role in the entire process of proof at all stages of criminal proceedings. At the same time, the organizational and legal mechanism of forensic support for the process of proof from the point of view of tactical, methodological and technical support has a number of shortcomings.

Materials and Methods: the research methodology is based on the dialectical method of cognition, analysis and synthesis of provisions on the forensic support of the process of proof in criminal proceedings, comparative legal research of legislation, as well as methods for studying empirical data on the issue under study.

Results: the author has established that a key role in the effectiveness of the process of proof in criminal proceedings and the achievement of its ultimate goal – establishing all the factual circumstances of the crime committed – is played by normatively established and rationally organized activities in forensic support for the process of identifying, collecting, researching and further using evidence in all stages of the criminal case.

Discussion and Conclusions: the author provides a theoretical justification for the author’s concept of forensic support for the process of proof and proposals for improving the criminal procedure law.
Legal nature of the metaverse
Authors: Severgin A. D.
Published: October 2024

Representing a network of virtual worlds, the metaverse ultimately forms a complex object of legal regulation due to the possibility of its normalization according to the provisions of different branches of law. The present work sets out to reveal the legal nature of the metaverse from a legal perspective. The selected methodology for determining its legal nature consists in comparing objects that are similar to the metaverse, but are already regulated by legal provisions. Such objects include the Internet, websites, multiplayer online video games, and virtual space in general. In order to identify their similarities and differences, the metaverse is compared to the specified objects. While the multifaceted nature of the metaverse permits its definition from a Russian legal perspective as information, as an object of intellectual property, or as a means of communication, the metaverse resembles the compared objects only in the most general way, while their differences are so significant that reducing its legal nature to only one of them does not fully account for its salient characteristics. By analogy with other spatial categories, but taking into account its specific features, the metaverse can be considered as a virtual space sui generis. While there is a lack of current legal regulation to support such a conclusion, future legislation of the metaverse should be built with this in mind.
Der sokratische Dialog
Authors: Ohrt Connor
Published: October 2024

Der Sokratische Dialog ist eine philosophische Gesprächstechnik, die nach dem antiken griechischen Philosophen Sokrates benannt ist und durch gezieltes Fragen eines bzw. einer Gesprächsleiter*in darauf
abzielt, ein tieferes Verständnis über komplexe Begriffl ichkeiten und Themen zu erlangen. In modernen Ansätzen nimmt der/die Gesprächsleiter*in eine moderierende Funktion ein.
Die hermeneutische Tradition
Authors: Thomsen Samuel
Published: October 2024

Die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Verstehen führt zur philosophischen Hermeneutik, wie sie von Hans-Georg Gadamer definiert wurde. Der Beitrag beleuchtet einige Aspekte von Gadamers Hermeneutik und
seine Auseinandersetzungen mit wichtigen Vertretern der hermeneutischen Tradition, darunter Friedrich Schleiermacher, Wilhelm Dilthey und Martin Heidegger.
Assessing the Ability of Physics Teachers to Design Investigative Experiments for the Acquisition of Science Process Skills among Physics Learners in Secondary Schools in Tharaka Nithi County-Kenya
Authors: David Mugambi Nduru , M. Michael Waititu , M. Sophia Ndethiu
Published: October 2024

Teaching science is demanding for teachers as they are required to develop a conceptual understanding of the practical tasks and scientific inquiry. To implement an investigative approach the teachers, need to have a sound understanding of the investigative process. Science investigative is a mode of teaching that involves practical work to provide students with opportunities to employ concepts cognitive processes and problem-solving skills. Despite the plans and interventions developed by the government through the Ministry of Education, there are challenges with teachers’ abilities to implement investigative experiments. This study sought to assess teachers’ abilities to design investigative experiments to enhance the acquisition of science process skills among learners in Tharaka-Nithi County. The study sampled 24 teachers from a targeted population of 236 teachers from 4 sub-county public secondary schools selected purposively. A research questionnaire and a checklist were used to collect data which was analyzed using SPSS. The findings of the study showed that teachers reported moderate competencies in designing and conducting investigative activities. It was evident that teachers employed low-inquiry levels indicating a gap in their implementation of the investigative experiments for effective acquisition of science process skills by learners. The study recommended that education stakeholders invest in enhancing teachers’ competence in the science investigation process.
The Roles and Responsibilities of School Social Workers in the African Context: A Scoping Review
Authors: Khumalo Gift , Ngcobo Nolwazi , Sithole Mbongeni
Published: October 2024

The profession of school social work has been acknowledged as being of critical importance on a global scale. However, little is known about the practice of school social work in the African context, specifically the roles and responsibilities of practitioners. This scoping review aimed to synthesize empirical studies conducted in the African continent on the roles and responsibilities of school social workers. Using Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) five-step framework, the search for articles was completed on six electronic databases: Sabinet African Journals, Scopus, ProQuest Central, CINAHL, SocIndex, Medline, and Education Research Complete. Eight articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that school social workers or social workers servicing schools are responsible for providing psychosocial support to learners experiencing social challenges; facilitating group work sessions focused on socialization and life skills; training and guiding teachers on ways to better support learners, developing and implementing school programs addressing issues such as bullying and teenage pregnancy; and forming partnerships with other professionals and organizations to support learners. This review concludes that there is a dearth of research dedicated to school social work or social work services in African schools. Future research on school social work should focus on unique challenges, best practices, and the impact of social work services in African schools. Governments and educational institutions should prioritize the integration of social work services within school systems. The review highlights the multifaceted roles practitioners play in creating supportive educational environments in African contexts.

Keywords: School Social Work, Africa, Roles, Responsibilities, Learners
Planning municipal drainage infrastructure maintenance operations with finite available crews: pragmatic optimization approach
Authors: Bayesteh Ali , Lu Ming , Lakshminarasimhan Prasanna
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a streamlined approach to addressing the problem of allocating finite crew resources to concurrent jobs in the context of municipal drainage infrastructure maintenance. The problem was defined from the perspective of a project manager involved in planning such operations on a day-by-day basis. The problem statement was then transformed into a simplified Integer Linear Programming optimization model. Performance metrics were devised to evaluate the optimization model’s effectiveness. A heuristic algorithm representing the decision-making process by a seasoned planner in the partner company was also developed. Both methods were applied to a case study and contrasted based on the same performance metrics. The findings underscored substantial optimization benefits in rendering decision support in resource-constrained drainage construction operations planning. In conclusion, this research presents an alternative strategy for navigating the complexities inherent in finite crew resource allocation on multiple concurrent drainage projects; lends a cost-effective optimization solution to improving the utilization of finite available crews while satisfying service demands from multiple clients to the largest extent possible.
Modelling for a new mechanical passive damper and its mathematical analysis
Authors: Watanabe Dai , Yoshikawa Shuji
Published: October 2024

To improve ride comfort, an oil damper should restrain its damping force in a high-velocity range. A lot of dampers with such properties were developed. For example, the one controlling the flux of oil by a leaf valve is widely adapted and reasonable. However, it is difficult to represent its dynamics with a simple mathematical model, and the cost of a computational fluid dynamics is too expensive. To overcome the disadvantages, the first author in [15] developed the other mechanical oil damper with sub-pistons instead of the leaf valve, which enabled us to propose a simple mathematical model with linear ordinary differential equations, thanks to the simple mechanism to control the oil flow. In this article, we give a more detailed mathematical model for the damper taking the dynamic pressure resistance into account, which is represented by nonlinear ordinary differential equations. In addition, a numerical scheme for the model is also proposed and its mathematical analysis such as the validity of the numerical solutions is shown.
A class of explicit second derivative general linear methods for non-stiff ODEs
Authors: Sharifi Mohammad , Abdi Ali , Braś Michal , Hojjati Gholamreza
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we construct explicit second derivative general linear methods (SGLMs) with quadratic stability and a large region of absolute stability for the numerical solution of non-stiff ODEs. The methods are constructed in two different cases: SGLMs with p = q = r = s and SGLMs with p = q and r = s = 2 in which p, q, r and s are respectively the order, stage order, the number of external stages and the number of internal stages. Examples of the methods up to order five are given. The efficiency of the constructed methods is illustrated by applying them to some well-known non-stiff problems and comparing the obtained results with those of general linear methods of the same order and stage order.
Dynamical Evolution of Four Old Galactic Open Clusters Traced by Their Constituent Stars with Gaia DR3
Authors: Balan Shanmugha , Rao Khushboo K. , Vaidya Kaushar , Agarwal Manan , Bhattacharya Souradeep
Published: October 2024

We investigate the evolutionary stages of four open clusters—Berkeley 39, Collinder 261, NGC 6819, and NGC 7789—of ages ranging from 1.6 to 6 Gyr. These clusters have previously been classified into dynamically young and intermediate age groups based on the segregation level of BSS with respect to red-giant-branch stars and main-sequence stars, respectively. We identify members of these four clusters using the ML-MOC algorithm on Gaia DR3 data. To examine the relative segregation of cluster members of different evolutionary stages, we utilize cumulative radial distributions, proper motion distributions, and spatial distributions in galactocentric coordinates. Our analysis shows that Berkeley 39 and NGC 6819 exhibit moderate signs of population-wise segregation from evolved to less-evolved members. NGC 7789 shows signs of mass segregation only in the cumulative radial distributions. On the other hand, Collinder 261 exhibits high segregation of BSS in the cumulative radial distribution, while other populations show the same level of segregation.
A Multiwavelength Portrait of the 3C 220.3 Lensed System
Authors: Hyman Sóley Ó. , Wilkes Belinda J. , Willner S. P. , Kuraszkiewicz Joanna , Azadi Mojegan , Worrall D. M. , Foord Adi , Vegetti Simona , Ashby Matthew L. N. , Birkinshaw Mark , Fassnacht Christopher , Haas Martin , Stern Daniel
Published: October 2024

The 3C 220.3 system is a rare case of a foreground narrow-line radio galaxy (“galaxy A,” z

A
= 0.6850) lensing a background submillimeter galaxy (z
SMG = 2.221). New spectra from MMT/Binospec confirm that the companion galaxy (“galaxy B”) is part of the lensing system with z

B
= 0.6835. New three-color Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data reveal a full Einstein ring and allow a more precise lens model. The new HST images also reveal extended emission around galaxy A, and the spectra show extended [O ii] emission with irregular morphology and complex velocity structure. All indications are that the two lensing galaxies are a gravitationally interacting pair. Strong [O ii] emission from both galaxies A and B suggests current star formation, which could be a consequence of the interaction. This would indicate a younger stellar population than previously assumed and imply smaller stellar masses for the same luminosity. The improved lens model and expanded spectral energy distributions have enabled better stellar mass estimates for the foreground galaxies. The resulting dark matter fractions are ∼0.8, which are higher than previously calculated. Deeper Chandra imaging shows extended X-ray emission but no evidence for an X-ray point source associated with either galaxy. The detection of X-rays from the radio lobes of 3C 220.3 allows an estimate of ∼3 nT for the magnetic fields in the lobes, a factor of ∼3 below the equipartition fields, as is typical for radio galaxies.
Probing the Impact of Radio-mode Feedback on the Properties of the Cool Circumgalactic Medium
Authors: Chang Yu-Ling , Lan Ting-Wen , Prochaska J. Xavier , Napolitano Lucas , Anand Abhijeet , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Brooks D. , Claybaugh T. , de la Macorra A. , Dey Arjun , Doel P. , Gontcho A Gontcho S. , Guy J. , Juneau S. , Kisner T. , Lambert A. , Landriau M. , Le Guillou L. , Manera M. , Martini P. , Meisner A. , Miquel R. , Moustakas J. , Myers A. D. , Nie J. , Poppett C. , Rezaie M. , Rossi G. , Sanchez E. , Schubnell M. , Seo H. , Sprayberry D. , Tarlé G. , Weaver B. A. , Zou H.
Published: October 2024

We explore the influence of radio-mode feedback on the properties of the cool circumgalactic medium (CGM). To this end, we assemble a statistical sample of approximately 30,000 radio galaxies with background quasars by combining optical spectroscopic measurements of luminous red galaxies and quasars from the year 1 data set of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and radio sources from the LOw-Frequency ARray Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) DR2 catalog and the Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS) quick-look catalog. Galaxies with similar optical properties but with no radio counterparts in LoTSS and VLASS are selected as the control group. We measure the cool CGM properties of radio galaxies and their control samples traced by Mg ii absorption lines, including covering fraction, rest equivalent width, and gas kinematics. Our results show no significant difference in the properties of gas around radio galaxies and their control sample, indicating that the operating radio-mode feedback of massive galaxies does not produce detectable effects on the properties of the cool CGM. Finally, we show that the CGM of radio galaxies contains a nonnegligible amount of cool gas with approximately 1010
M
⊙. This abundance can place a stringent constraint on the radio-mode feedback models.
Revisiting the A

L
Lensing Anomaly in Planck 2018 Temperature Data
Authors: Addison Graeme E. , Bennett Charles L. , Halpern Mark , Hinshaw Gary , Weiland Janet L.
Published: October 2024

We revisit the lensing anomaly in the Planck 2018 temperature (TT) data and examine its robustness to frequency selection and additional sky masking. Our main findings are as follows. (1) The phenomenological lensing amplitude parameter, A

L
, varies with ecliptic latitude, with a 2.9σ preference for A

L
> 1 near the ecliptic and 1.0σ preference near the ecliptic poles, compared to 2.5σ on the original masks. This behavior is largely or solely from 217 GHz and suggestive of some nonrandom effect, given the Planck scan strategy. (2) The 217 GHz TT data also show a stronger preference for A

L
> 1 than the lower frequencies. The shifts in A

L
from 217 GHz with additional Galactic dust masking are too large to be explained solely by statistical fluctuations, indicating some connection with the foreground treatment. Overall, the Planck A

L
anomaly does not have a single simple cause. Removing the 217 GHz TT data leaves a 1.8σ preference for A

L
> 1. The low-multipole (ℓ < 30) TT data contribute to the preference for A

L
> 1 through correlations with ΛCDM parameters. The 100 and 143 GHz data at ℓ ≥ 30 prefer A

L
> 1 at 1.3σ, and this appears robust to the masking tests we performed. The lensing anomaly may impact fits to alternative cosmological models. Marginalizing over A

L
, optionally applied only to Planck TT spectra, can check this. Models proposed to address cosmological tensions should be robust to removal of the Planck 217 GHz TT data.
A Comparison of Best Fits Obtained in White Dwarf Asteroseismology Using the WDEC and the LPCODE
Authors: Bischoff-Kim Agnès
Published: October 2024

We perform the asteroseismic fitting of four DAVs using a grid of WDEC models with chemical profiles that closely mimic those of the LPCODE models and compare them with published asteroseismic fitting results using the LPCODE. These four objects are KIC 11911480, J113655.17+040952.6, KIC 4552982, and GD 1212. The similarities in the results in those controlled experiments point to a consistency in the models. Given similar input, the LPCODE and the WDEC make similar models and calculate similar periods. We further perform the asteroseismic fitting of the same four DAVs by relaxing the constraints on the chemical profiles. We explore the effects of different methods for weighing the modes when calculating the goodness of fit of the models, as well as the effect of only including a subset of the known period spectrum. Such numerical experiments can help place recent and future efforts in the pipeline fitting of numerous DAVs and DBVs using the WDEC on a firmer footing.
Calibrating and Standardizing the Tip of the Red Giant Branch in the Small Magellanic Cloud Using Small-amplitude Red Giants
Authors: Koblischke Nolan W. , Anderson Richard I.
Published: October 2024

We investigate the absolute calibration of the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using small amplitude red giant stars (SARGs) classified by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE). We show that all stars near the SMC’s TRGB are SARGs. Distinguishing older and younger RGs near the tip according to two period–luminosity sequences labeled A and B, we show many similarities among SARG populations of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the SMC, along with notable differences. In particular, SMC SARGs have shorter periods due to lower metallicity and smaller amplitudes due to younger ages than LMC SARGs. We discover two period–color relations near the TRGB that span all A-sequence and B-sequence stars in the OGLE-III footprints of the SMC and LMC, and we investigate using periods instead of color for TRGB standardization. Using variability-derived information only, we trace the SMC’s age and metallicity gradients and show the core to be populated by younger, more metal-rich RGs. The B-sequence yields the brightest and most accurate calibration (M
F814W,syn = −4.057 ± 0.019(stat.) ± 0.029(syst.) mag), which we use to measure the distance modulus difference between the Clouds and investigate metallicity effects. Distance measurements not informed by variability should employ the SARG-based calibration based on all stars near the tip (M
F814W,syn = −4.024 ± 0.041(stat.) ± 0.029(syst.) mag). Our work highlights the impact of RG population diversity on TRGB distance measurements. Further study is needed to unravel these effects and improve TRGB standardization.
Total Solar Eclipse White-light Images as a Benchmark for Potential Field Source Surface Coronal Magnetic Field Models: An In-depth Analysis over a Solar Cycle
Authors: Benavitz Luke Fushimi , Boe Benjamin , Habbal Shadia Rifai
Published: October 2024

Potential field source surface (PFSS) models are widely used to simulate coronal magnetic fields. PFSS models use the observed photospheric magnetic field as the inner boundary condition and assume a perfectly radial field beyond a “source surface” (R
ss). At present, total solar eclipse (TSE) white-light images are the only data that delineate the coronal magnetic field from the photosphere out to several solar radii (R
⊙). We utilize a complete solar cycle span of these images between 2008 and 2020 as a benchmark to assess the reliability of PFSS models. For a quantitative assessment, we apply the Rolling Hough Transform to the eclipse data and corresponding PFFS models to measure the difference, Δθ, between the data and model magnetic field lines throughout the corona. We find that the average Δθ, 〈Δθ〉, can be minimized for a given choice of R
ss depending on the phase within a solar cycle. In particular, R
ss ≈ 1.3 R
⊙ is found to be optimal for solar maximum, while R
ss ≈ 3 R
⊙ yields a better match at solar minimum. Regardless, large (〈Δθ〉 > 10°) discrepancies between TSE data and PFSS-generated coronal field lines remain regardless of the choice of source surface. However, implementation of solar-cycle-dependent R
ss optimal values does yield more reliable PFSS-generated coronal field lines for use in models and for tracing in situ measurements back to their sources at the Sun.
Reduction of the Downward Energy Flux of Nonthermal Electrons in the Solar Flare Corona due to Cospatial Return-current Losses
Authors: Alaoui Meriem , Holman Gordon D. , Swisdak M.
Published: October 2024

High-energy electrons carry much of a solar flare’s energy. Therefore, understanding changes in electron beam distributions during their propagation is crucial. A key focus of this paper is how the cospatial return current reduces the energy flux carried by these accelerated electrons. We systematically compute this reduction for various beam and plasma parameters relevant to solar flares. Our 1D model accounts for collisions between beam and plasma electrons, return-current electric-field deceleration, thermalization in a warm target approximation, and runaway electron contributions. The results focus on the classical (Spitzer) regime, offering a valuable benchmark for energy flux reduction and its extent. Return-current losses are only negligible for the lowest nonthermal fluxes. We calculate the conditions for return-current losses to become significant and estimate the extent of the modification to the beam’s energy flux density. We also calculate two additional conditions that occur for higher injected fluxes: (1) where runaway electrons become significant, and (2) where current-driven instabilities might become significant, requiring a model that self-consistently accounts for them. Condition 2 is relaxed and the energy flux losses are reduced in the presence of runaway electrons. All results are dependent on beam and cospatial plasma parameters. We also examine the importance of the reflection of beam electrons by the return-current electric field. We show that the interpretation of a number of flares needs to be reviewed to account for the effects of return currents.
Multispacecraft Observations of Protons and Helium Nuclei in Some Solar Energetic Particle Events toward the Maximum of Cycle 25
Authors: Bartocci S. , Battiston R. , Benella S. , Beolè S. , Burger W. J. , Cipollone P. , Contin A. , Cristoforetti M. , De Donato C. , De Santis C. , Di Luca A. , Follega F. M. , Gebbia G. , Iuppa R. , Laurenza M. , Lega A. , Lolli M. , Martucci M. , Masciantonio G. , Mergè M. , Mese M. , Neubuser C. , Nicolaidis R. , Nozzoli F. , Oliva A. , Osteria G. , Palma F. , Panico B. , Perfetto F. , Perinelli A. , Picozza P. , Ricci E. , Ricci M. , Ricciarini S. B. , Sahnoun Z. , Savino U. , Scotti V. , Sorbara M. , Sotgiu A. , Sparvoli R. , Ubertini P. , Vilona V. , Zoffoli S. , Zuccon P.
Published: October 2024

The intricate behavior of particle acceleration and transport mechanisms complicates the overall efforts in formulating a comprehensive understanding of solar energetic particle (SEP) events; these efforts include observations of low-energy particles (from tens of keV to hundreds of MeV) by space-borne instruments and measurements by the ground-based neutron monitors of the secondary particles generated in the Earth atmosphere by SEPs in the GeV range. Numerous space-borne missions provided good data on the nature/characteristics of these solar particles in past solar cycles, but more recently—concurrently with the rise toward the maximum of solar cycle 25—the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) proved to be well suited for the study of solar physics and space weather. Its nominal 30–300 MeV energy range for protons can enlarge the detection capabilities of solar particles at low Earth orbit, closer to the injection limit of many SEP events. In this work, we characterize three SEP events within the first six months of 2022 through spectral and velocity dispersion analysis, assessing the response of HEPD-01 to >M1 events.
Correlation-based Beam Calibration of 21 cm Intensity Mapping
Authors: Ding Jiacheng , Wang Xin , Pen Ue-Li , Li Xiao-Dong
Published: October 2024

Foreground removal presents a significant obstacle in both current and forthcoming intensity-mapping surveys. While numerous techniques have been developed that show promise in simulated data sets, their efficacy often diminishes when they are applied to real-world data. A primary issue is the frequency-dependent variations in the instrumental response. In this paper, we propose a novel approach utilizing the internal cross correlation among different frequencies to calibrate the beam’s frequency fluctuations. Using a simulated data set that incorporates frequency-dependent random fluctuations into the beam model, we illustrate that our method can achieve considerable improvements over traditional techniques. Our results represent a step forward in enhancing the precision and reliability of foreground removal in intensity-mapping surveys.
Sherpa: An Open-source Python Fitting Package
Authors: Siemiginowska Aneta , Burke Douglas , Günther Hans Moritz , Lee Nicholas P. , McLaughlin Warren , Principe David A. , Cheer Harlan , Fruscione Antonella , Laurino Omar , McDowell Jonathan , Terrell Marie
Published: October 2024

We present an overview of Sherpa, an open-source Python project, and discuss its development history, broad design concepts, and capabilities. Sherpa contains powerful tools for combining parametric models into complex expressions that can be fit to data using a variety of statistics and optimization methods. It is easily extensible to include user-defined models, statistics, and optimization methods. It provides a high-level user interface for interactive data analysis, such as within a Jupyter notebook, and it can also be used as a library component, providing fitting and modeling capabilities to an application. We include a few examples of Sherpa applications to multiwavelength astronomical data.