bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple timescales of learning indicated by changes in evidence-accumulation processes during perceptual decision-making
Authors: Cochrane Aaron , Sims Chris R. , Bejjanki Vikranth R. , Green C. Shawn , Bavelier Daphne
Published: June 2023

Evidence accumulation models have enabled strong advances in our understanding of decision-making, yet their application to examining learning has not been common. Using data from participants completing a dynamic random dot-motion direction discrimination task across four days, we characterized alterations in two components of perceptual decision-making (Drift Diffusion Model drift rate and response boundary). Continuous-time learning models were applied to characterize trajectories of performance change, with different models allowing for varying dynamics. The best-fitting model included drift rate changing as a continuous, exponential function of cumulative trial number. In contrast, response boundary changed within each daily session, but in an independent manner across daily sessions. Our results highlight two different processes underlying the pattern of behavior observed across the entire learning trajectory, one involving a continuous tuning of perceptual sensitivity, and another more variable process describing participants’ threshold of when enough evidence is present to act.
A general method for the development of multicolor biosensors with large dynamic ranges
Authors: Hellweg Lars , Edenhofer Anna , Barck Lucas , Huppertz Magnus-Carsten , Frei Michelle. S. , Tarnawski Miroslaw , Bergner Andrea , Koch Birgit , Johnsson Kai , Hiblot Julien
Published: June 2023

Fluorescent biosensors enable the study of cell physiology with spatiotemporal resolution; yet, most biosensors suffer from relatively low dynamic ranges. Here, we introduce a family of designed Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs with near-quantitative FRET efficiencies based on the reversible interaction of fluorescent proteins with a fluorescently labeled HaloTag. These FRET pairs enabled the straightforward design of biosensors for calcium, ATP and NAD+ with unprecedented dynamic ranges. The color of each of these biosensors can be readily tuned by changing either the fluorescent protein or the synthetic fluorophore, which enables simultaneous monitoring of free NAD+ in different subcellular compartments following genotoxic stress. Minimal modifications of these biosensors furthermore allow their readout to be switched to fluorescence intensity, fluorescence lifetime or bioluminescence. These FRET pairs thus establish a new concept for the development of highly sensitive and tunable biosensors.
Defining blood-induced microglia functions in neurodegeneration through multiomic profiling
Authors: Mendiola Andrew S. , Yan Zhaoqi , Dixit Karuna , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Bouhaddou Mehdi , Meyer-Franke Anke , Shin Min-Gyoung , Yong Yu , Agrawal Ayushi , MacDonald Eilidh , Muthukumar Gayathri , Pearce Clairice , Arun Nikhita , Cabriga Belinda , Meza-Acevedo Rosa , Alzamora Maria del Pilar S. , Zamvil Scott S. , Pico Alexander R. , Ryu Jae Kyu , Krogan Nevan J. , Akassoglou Katerina
Published: June 2023

Blood protein extravasation through a disrupted blood–brain barrier and innate immune activation are hallmarks of neurological diseases and emerging therapeutic targets. However, how blood proteins polarize innate immune cells remains largely unknown. Here, we established an unbiased blood-innate immunity multiomic and genetic loss-of-function pipeline to define the transcriptome and global phosphoproteome of blood-induced innate immune polarization and its role in microglia neurotoxicity. Blood induced widespread microglial transcriptional changes, including changes involving oxidative stress and neurodegenerative genes. Comparative functional multiomics showed that blood proteins induce distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional programs in microglia and macrophages, such as redox, type I interferon and lymphocyte recruitment. Deletion of the blood coagulation factor fibrinogen largely reversed blood-induced microglia neurodegenerative signatures. Genetic elimination of the fibrinogen-binding motif to CD11b in Alzheimer’s disease mice reduced microglial lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative signatures that were shared with autoimmune-driven neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis mice. Our data provide an interactive resource for investigation of the immunology of blood proteins that could support therapeutic targeting of microglia activation by immune and vascular signals.
Integrated multi-omics for rapid rare disease diagnosis on a national scale
Authors: Lunke Sebastian , Bouffler Sophie E. , Patel Chirag V. , Sandaradura Sarah A. , Wilson Meredith , Pinner Jason , Hunter Matthew F. , Barnett Christopher P. , Wallis Mathew , Kamien Benjamin , Tan Tiong Y. , Freckmann Mary-Louise , Chong Belinda , Phelan Dean , Francis David , Kassahn Karin S. , Ha Thuong , Gao Song , Arts Peer , Jackson Matilda R. , Scott Hamish S. , Eggers Stefanie , Rowley Simone , Boggs Kirsten , Rakonjac Ana , Brett Gemma R. , de Silva Michelle G. , Springer Amanda , Ward Michelle , Stallard Kirsty , Simons Cas , Conway Thomas , Halman Andreas , Van Bergen Nicole J. , Sikora Tim , Semcesen Liana N. , Stroud David A. , Compton Alison G. , Thorburn David R. , Bell Katrina M. , Sadedin Simon , North Kathryn N. , Christodoulou John , Stark Zornitza
Published: June 2023

Critically ill infants and children with rare diseases need equitable access to rapid and accurate diagnosis to direct clinical management. Over 2 years, the Acute Care Genomics program provided whole-genome sequencing to 290 families whose critically ill infants and children were admitted to hospitals throughout Australia with suspected genetic conditions. The average time to result was 2.9 d and diagnostic yield was 47%. We performed additional bioinformatic analyses and transcriptome sequencing in all patients who remained undiagnosed. Long-read sequencing and functional assays, ranging from clinically accredited enzyme analysis to bespoke quantitative proteomics, were deployed in selected cases. This resulted in an additional 19 diagnoses and an overall diagnostic yield of 54%. Diagnostic variants ranged from structural chromosomal abnormalities through to an intronic retrotransposon, disrupting splicing. Critical care management changed in 120 diagnosed patients (77%). This included major impacts, such as informing precision treatments, surgical and transplant decisions and palliation, in 94 patients (60%). Our results provide preliminary evidence of the clinical utility of integrating multi-omic approaches into mainstream diagnostic practice to fully realize the potential of rare disease genomic testing in a timely manner.
Structure of nascent 5S RNPs at the crossroad between ribosome assembly and MDM2–p53 pathways
Authors: Castillo Duque de Estrada Nestor Miguel , Thoms Matthias , Flemming Dirk , Hammaren Henrik M. , Buschauer Robert , Ameismeier Michael , Baßler Jochen , Beck Martin , Beckmann Roland , Hurt Ed
Published: June 2023

The 5S ribonucleoprotein (RNP) is assembled from its three components (5S rRNA, Rpl5/uL18 and Rpl11/uL5) before being incorporated into the pre-60S subunit. However, when ribosome synthesis is disturbed, a free 5S RNP can enter the MDM2–p53 pathway to regulate cell cycle and apoptotic signaling. Here we reconstitute and determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the conserved hexameric 5S RNP with fungal or human factors. This reveals how the nascent 5S rRNA associates with the initial nuclear import complex Syo1–uL18–uL5 and, upon further recruitment of the nucleolar factors Rpf2 and Rrs1, develops into the 5S RNP precursor that can assemble into the pre-ribosome. In addition, we elucidate the structure of another 5S RNP intermediate, carrying the human ubiquitin ligase Mdm2, which unravels how this enzyme can be sequestered from its target substrate p53. Our data provide molecular insight into how the 5S RNP can mediate between ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation.
Home monitoring with connected mobile devices for asthma attack prediction with machine learning
Authors: Tsang Kevin C. H. , Pinnock Hilary , Wilson Andrew M. , Salvi Dario , Shah Syed Ahmar
Published: June 2023

Monitoring asthma is essential for self-management. However, traditional monitoring methods require high levels of active engagement, and some patients may find this tedious. Passive monitoring with mobile-health devices, especially when combined with machine-learning, provides an avenue to reduce management burden. Data for developing machine-learning algorithms are scarce, and gathering new data is expensive. A few datasets, such as the Asthma Mobile Health Study, are publicly available, but they only consist of self-reported diaries and lack any objective and passively collected data. To fill this gap, we carried out a 2-phase, 7-month AAMOS-00 observational study to monitor asthma using three smart-monitoring devices (smart-peak-flow-meter/smart-inhaler/smartwatch), and daily symptom questionnaires. Combined with localised weather, pollen, and air-quality reports, we collected a rich longitudinal dataset to explore the feasibility of passive monitoring and asthma attack prediction. This valuable anonymised dataset for phase-2 of the study (device monitoring) has been made publicly available. Between June-2021 and June-2022, in the midst of UK’s COVID-19 lockdowns, 22 participants across the UK provided 2,054 unique patient-days of data.
Genome-resolved carbon processing potential of tropical peat microbiomes from an oil palm plantation
Authors: Bandla Aditya , Mukhopadhyay Sourav , Mishra Shailendra , Sudarshan Ashwin Sridhar , Swarup Sanjay
Published: June 2023

Tropical peatlands in South-East Asia are some of the most carbon-dense ecosystems in the world. Extensive repurposing of such peatlands for forestry and agriculture has resulted in substantial microbially-driven carbon emissions. However, we lack an understanding of the microorganisms and their metabolic pathways involved in carbon turnover. Here, we address this gap by reconstructing 764 sub-species-level genomes from peat microbiomes sampled from an oil palm plantation located on a peatland in Indonesia. The 764 genomes cluster into 333 microbial species (245 bacterial and 88 archaeal), of which, 47 are near-complete (completeness ≥90%, redundancy ≤5%, number of unique tRNAs ≥18) and 170 are substantially complete (completeness ≥70%, redundancy ≤10%). The capacity to respire amino acids, fatty acids, and polysaccharides was widespread in both bacterial and archaeal genomes. In contrast, the ability to sequester carbon was detected only in a few bacterial genomes. We expect our collection of reference genomes to help fill some of the existing knowledge gaps about microbial diversity and carbon metabolism in tropical peatlands.
Comparison of Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina MiSeq sequencing with mock communities and agricultural soil
Authors: Stevens Bo Maxwell , Creed Tim B. , Reardon Catherine L. , Manter Daniel K.
Published: June 2023

Illumina MiSeq is the current standard for characterizing microbial communities in soil. The newer alternative, Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencer, is quickly gaining popularity because of the low initial cost and longer sequence reads. However, the accuracy of MinION, per base, is much lower than MiSeq (95% versus 99.9%). The effects of this difference in base-calling accuracy on taxonomic and diversity estimates remains unclear. We compared the effects of platform, primers, and bioinformatics on mock community and agricultural soil samples using short MiSeq, and short and full-length MinION 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. For all three methods, we found that taxonomic assignments of the mock community at both the genus and species level matched expectations with minimal deviation (genus: 80.9–90.5%; species: 70.9–85.2% Bray–Curtis similarity); however, the short MiSeq with error correction (DADA2) resulted in the correct estimate of mock community species richness and much lower alpha diversity for soils. Several filtering strategies were tested to improve these estimates with varying results. The sequencing platform also had a significant influence on the relative abundances of taxa with MiSeq resulting in significantly higher abundances Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes and lower abundances of Acidobacteria, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia compared to the MinION platform. When comparing agricultural soils from two different sites (Fort Collins, CO and Pendleton, OR), methods varied in the taxa identified as significantly different between sites. At all taxonomic levels, the full-length MinION method had the highest similarity to the short MiSeq method with DADA2 correction with 73.2%, 69.3%, 74.1%, 79.3%, 79.4%, and 82.28% of the taxa at the phyla, class, order, family, genus, and species levels, respectively, showing similar patterns in differences between the sites. In summary, although both platforms appear suitable for 16S rRNA microbial community composition, biases for different taxa may make the comparison between studies problematic; and even with a single study (i.e., comparing sites or treatments), the sequencing platform can influence the differentially abundant taxa identified.
A pilot study investigating affective forecasting biases with a novel virtual reality-based paradigm
Authors: Loisel-Fleuriot Louise , Fovet Thomas , Bugnet Arnaud , Creupelandt Coralie , Wathelet Marielle , Szaffarczyk Sébastien , Duhem Stéphane , Vaiva Guillaume , Horn Mathilde , D’Hondt Fabien
Published: June 2023

A body of research indicates that people are prone to overestimate the affective impact of future events. Here, we developed a novel experimental paradigm to study these affective forecasting biases under laboratory conditions using subjective (arousal and valence) and autonomic measures (skin conductance responses, SCRs, and heart rate). Thirty participants predicted their emotional responses to 15 unpleasant, 15 neutral, and 15 pleasant scenarios (affective forecasting phase) to which they were then exposed in virtual reality (emotional experience phase). Results showed that participants anticipated more extreme arousal and valence scores than they actually experienced for unpleasant and pleasant scenarios. The emotional experience phase was characterized by classic autonomic patterns, i.e., higher SCRs for emotionally arousing scenarios and greater peak cardiac acceleration for pleasant scenarios. During the affective forecasting phase, we found only a moderate association between arousal scores and SCRs and no valence-dependent modulation of cardiac activity. This paradigm opens up new perspectives for investigating affective forecasting abilities under lab-controlled conditions, notably in psychiatric disorders with anxious anticipations.
Upgradation of methane in the biogas by hydrogenation of CO2 in a prototype reactor with double pass operation over optimized Ni-Ce/Al-MCM-41 catalyst
Authors: Aieamsam-Aung Pichawee , Srifa Atthapon , Koo-Amornpattana Wanida , Assabumrungrat Suttichai , Reubroycharoen Prasert , Suchamalawong Phorndranrat , Fukuhara Choji , Ratchahat Sakhon
Published: June 2023

The upgradation of methane in biogas by hydrogenation of CO2 has been currently recognized as a promising route for efficient full utilization of renewable biogas with potential benefits for storage of renewable hydrogen energy and abatement of greenhouse gas emission. As a main constituent of biogas, CO2 can act as a backbone for the formation of additional CH4 by hydrogenation, then producing higher amounts of biomethane. In this work, the upgradation process was investigated in a prototype reactor of double pass operation with vertical alignment using an optimized Ni-Ce/Al-MCM-41 catalyst. The experimental results show that the double pass operation that removes water vapor during the run can significantly increase CO2 conversion, resulting in higher CH4 production yield. As a result, the purity of biomethane increased by 15% higher than a single pass operation. In addition, search for optimum condition of the process was carried out within an investigated range of conditions including flowrate (77–1108 ml min−1), pressure (1 atm–20 bar), and temperature (200–500 °C). The durability test for 458 h was performed using the obtained optimum condition, and it shows that the optimized catalyst can perform excellent stability with negligible influence by the observed change in catalyst properties. The comprehensive characterization on physicochemical properties of fresh and spent catalysts was performed, and the results were discussed.
High expression of GPR176 predicts poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Yu , Gu Xinliang , Zhu Feilong , Li Yang , Huang Yuejiao , Ju Shaoqing
Published: June 2023

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most prominent family of cell surface receptors, which can regulate various biological functions and play an essential role in many diseases. GPR176 is a member of the GPCRs family and has been rarely studied in cancer. We aim to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of GPR176 in gastric cancer (GC) and explore its potential mechanism. Through the TCGA database and real-time quantitative PCR, we found that the expression level of GPR176 was significantly increased in GC and had good value in the diagnosis and prognosis of GC. Vitro experiments revealed that GPR176 could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells and may be involved in regulating multiple tumors and immune-related signaling pathways. In addition, we found that GPR176 is associated with GC immune infiltration and may affect the immune efficacy of GC patients. In summary, the high GPR176 expression level was associated with poor prognosis, more robust immune infiltration, and worse immunotherapy efficacy in GC patients, suggesting that GPR176 may be an immune-related biomarker for GC that can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells.
The impact of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability on Baltic Sea temperatures limited to winter
Authors: Börgel Florian , Gröger Matthias , Meier H. E. Markus , Dutheil Cyril , Radtke Hagen , Borchert Leonard
Published: June 2023

We analyze multidecadal temperature fluctuations of the Atlantic Ocean and their influence on Northern Europe, focusing on the Baltic Sea, without a priori assuming a linear relationship of this teleconnection. Instead, we use the method of low-frequency component analysis to identify modes of multidecadal variability in the Baltic Sea temperature signal and relate this signal to the Atlantic climate variability. Disentangling the seasonal impact reveals that a large fraction of the variability in Baltic Sea winter temperatures is related to multidecadal temperature fluctuations in the North Atlantic, known as Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV). The strong winter response can be linked to the interaction between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the AMV and is maintained by oceanic inertia. In contrast, the AMV does not influence the Baltic Sea’s summer and spring water temperatures.
AI for climate impacts: applications in flood risk
Authors: Jones Anne , Kuehnert Julian , Fraccaro Paolo , Meuriot Ophélie , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Edwards Blair , Stoyanov Nikola , Remy Sekou L. , Weldemariam Kommy , Assefa Solomon
Published: June 2023

In recent years there has been a surge of interest in the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to address the global threat of climate change. Here, we consider climate change applications, and review the ability of AI technologies to better quantify climate change-induced hazards, impacts and risks, and address key challenges in this domain. We focus on three application areas: data-driven modeling, enabling uncertainty quantification, and leveraging geospatial big data. For these, we provide examples from flood-related applications to illustrate the advantages of AI, in comparison to alternative methods, whilst also considering its limitations. We conclude that by streamlining the process of translating weather and climate data into actionable information, facilitated by a suitable technology framework, AI can play a key role in building climate change resilience.
The functional anatomy of elephant trunk whiskers
Authors: Deiringer Nora , Schneeweiß Undine , Kaufmann Lena V. , Eigen Lennart , Speissegger Celina , Gerhardt Ben , Holtze Susanne , Fritsch Guido , Göritz Frank , Becker Rolf , Ochs Andreas , Hildebrandt Thomas , Brecht Michael
Published: June 2023

Behavior and innervation suggest a high tactile sensitivity of elephant trunks. To clarify the tactile trunk periphery we studied whiskers with the following findings. Whisker density is high at the trunk tip and African savanna elephants have more trunk tip whiskers than Asian elephants. Adult elephants show striking lateralized whisker abrasion caused by lateralized trunk behavior. Elephant whiskers are thick and show little tapering. Whisker follicles are large, lack a ring sinus and their organization varies across the trunk. Follicles are innervated by ~90 axons from multiple nerves. Because elephants don’t whisk, trunk movements determine whisker contacts. Whisker-arrays on the ventral trunk-ridge contact objects balanced on the ventral trunk. Trunk whiskers differ from the mobile, thin and tapered facial whiskers that sample peri-rostrum space symmetrically in many mammals. We suggest their distinctive features—being thick, non-tapered, lateralized and arranged in specific high-density arrays—evolved along with the manipulative capacities of the trunk.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A promotes mitochondrial fission by enhancing MFF succinylation in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhu Yaqin , Wang Yue , Li Ying , Li Zhongqi , Kong Wenhui , Zhao Xiaoxuan , Chen Shuting , Yan Liting , Wang Lenan , Tong Yunli , Shao Huanjie
Published: June 2023

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are important for cell growth and proliferation. Dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics are highly associated with the initiation and progression of various cancers, including ovarian cancer. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying mitochondrial dynamics is still not fully understood. Previously, our study showed that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells and promotes the development of ovarian cancer. Here, we find that CPT1A regulates mitochondrial dynamics and promotes mitochondrial fission in ovarian cancer cells. Our study futher shows that CPT1A regulates mitochondrial fission and function through mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) to promote the growth and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, we show that CPT1A promotes succinylation of MFF at lysine 302 (K302), which protects against Parkin-mediated ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of MFF. Finally, the study shows that MFF is highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells and that high MFF expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. MFF inhibition significantly inhibits the progression of ovarian cancer in vivo. Overall, CPT1A regulates mitochondrial dynamics through MFF succinylation to promote the development of ovarian cancer. Moreover, our findings suggest that MFF is a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Targeted and whole-genome sequencing reveal a north-south divide in P. falciparum drug resistance markers and genetic structure in Mozambique
Authors: da Silva Clemente , Boene Simone , Datta Debayan , Rovira-Vallbona Eduard , Aranda-Díaz Andrés , Cisteró Pau , Hathaway Nicholas , Tessema Sofonias , Chidimatembue Arlindo , Matambisso Glória , Nhama Abel , Macete Eusebio , Pujol Arnau , Nhamussua Lidia , Galatas Beatriz , Guinovart Caterina , Enosse Sónia , De Carvalho Eva , Rogier Eric , Plucinski Mateusz M. , Colborn James , Zulliger Rose , Saifodine Abuchahama , Alonso Pedro L. , Candrinho Baltazar , Greenhouse Bryan , Aide Pedro , Saute Francisco , Mayor Alfredo
Published: June 2023

Mozambique is one of the four African countries which account for over half of all malaria deaths worldwide, yet little is known about the parasite genetic structure in that country. We performed P. falciparum amplicon and whole genome sequencing on 2251 malaria-infected blood samples collected in 2015 and 2018 in seven provinces of Mozambique to genotype antimalarial resistance markers and interrogate parasite population structure using genome-wide microhaplotyes. Here we show that the only resistance-associated markers observed at frequencies above 5% were pfmdr1-184F (59%), pfdhfr-51I/59 R/108 N (99%) and pfdhps-437G/540E (89%). The frequency of pfdhfr/pfdhps quintuple mutants associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance increased from 80% in 2015 to 89% in 2018 (p < 0.001), with a lower expected heterozygosity and higher relatedness of microhaplotypes surrounding pfdhps mutants than wild-type parasites suggestive of recent selection. pfdhfr/pfdhps quintuple mutants also increased from 72% in the north to 95% in the south (2018; p < 0.001). This resistance gradient was accompanied by a concentration of mutations at pfdhps-436 (17%) in the north, a south-to-north increase in the genetic complexity of P. falciparum infections (p = 0.001) and a microhaplotype signature of regional differentiation. The parasite population structure identified here offers insights to guide antimalarial interventions and epidemiological surveys.
Translational regulation and protein-coding capacity of the 5′ untranslated region of human TREM2
Authors: Yanaizu Motoaki , Adachi Haruka , Araki Makoto , Kontani Kenji , Kino Yoshihiro
Published: June 2023

TREM2 is a transmembrane receptor expressed in microglia and macrophages. Elevated TREM2 levels in these cells are associated with age-related pathological conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the protein expression of TREM2 remains unclear. In this study, we uncover the role of the 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) of human TREM2 in translation. An upstream start codon (uAUG) in the 5′-UTR of TREM2 is specific to some primates, including humans. The expression of the conventional TREM2 protein, starting from the downstream AUG (dTREM2), is repressed by the 5′-UTR in a uAUG-mediated manner. We also detect a TREM2 protein isoform starting from uAUG (uTREM2) that is largely degraded by proteasomes. Finally, the 5′-UTR is essential for the downregulation of dTREM2 expression in response to amino acid starvation. Collectively, our study identifies a species-specific regulatory role of the 5′-UTR in TREM2 translation.
Deglacial perspectives of future sea level for Singapore
Authors: Shaw Timothy A. , Li Tanghua , Ng Trina , Cahill Niamh , Chua Stephen , Majewski Jedrzej M. , Nathan Yudhishthra , Garner Gregory G. , Kopp Robert E. , Hanebuth Till J. J. , Switzer Adam D. , Horton Benjamin P.
Published: June 2023

Low elevation equatorial and tropical coastal regions are highly vulnerable to sea level rise. Here we provide probability perspectives of future sea level for Singapore using regional geological reconstructions and instrumental records since the last glacial maximum ~21.5 thousand years ago. We quantify magnitudes and rates of sea-level change showing deglacial sea level rose from ~121 m below present level and increased at averaged rates up to ~15 mm/yr, which reduced the paleogeographic landscape by ~2.3 million km2. Projections under a moderate emissions scenario show sea level rising 0.95 m at a rate of 7.3 mm/yr by 2150 which has only been exceeded (at least 99% probability) during rapid ice mass loss events ~14.5 and ~9 thousand years ago. Projections under a high emissions scenario incorporating low confidence ice-sheet processes, however, have no precedent during the last deglaciation.
Systems immunology-based drug repurposing framework to target inflammation in atherosclerosis
Authors: Amadori Letizia , Calcagno Claudia , Fernandez Dawn M. , Koplev Simon , Fernandez Nicolas , Kaur Ravneet , Mury Pauline , Khan Nayaab S , Sajja Swathy , Shamailova Roza , Cyr Yannick , Jeon Minji , Hill Christopher A. , Chong Peik Sean , Naidu Sonum , Sakurai Ken , Ghotbi Adam Ali , Soler Raphael , Eberhardt Natalia , Rahman Adeeb , Faries Peter , Moore Kathryn J. , Fayad Zahi A. , Ma’ayan Avi , Giannarelli Chiara
Published: June 2023

The development of new immunotherapies to treat the inflammatory mechanisms that sustain atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is urgently needed. Herein, we present a path to drug repurposing to identify immunotherapies for ASCVD. The integration of time-of-flight mass cytometry and RNA sequencing identified unique inflammatory signatures in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with ASCVD plasma. By comparing these inflammatory signatures to large-scale gene expression data from the LINCS L1000 dataset, we identified drugs that could reverse this inflammatory response. Ex vivo screens, using human samples, showed that saracatinib—a phase 2a-ready SRC and ABL inhibitor—reversed the inflammatory responses induced by ASCVD plasma. In Apoe−/− mice, saracatinib reduced atherosclerosis progression by reprogramming reparative macrophages. In a rabbit model of advanced atherosclerosis, saracatinib reduced plaque inflammation measured by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging. Here we show a systems immunology-driven drug repurposing with a preclinical validation strategy to aid the development of cardiovascular immunotherapies.
Greener chemistry in analytical sciences: from green solvents to applications in complex matrices. Current challenges and future perspectives: a critical review
Authors: Ražić Slavica , Arsenijević Jelena , Đogo Mračević Svetlana , Mušović Jasmina , Trtić-Petrović Tatjana
Published: June 2023

More environment-friendly solvents in analytical chemistry are almost inevitable in both sample preparation and analysis to meet the high standards of sustainable chemistry and human welfare.
NIR quantum dot construction of a fluorescence anisotropy signal amplification biosensor for sensitive, rapid and separation-free detection of dopamine in serum
Authors: Liu Jing , Chen Ming , Zhang Zhi-Ling , Hong Xuechuan , Yu Zi-Li , Tian Zhi-Quan
Published: June 2023

Dopamine fluorescence anisotropy probe streptavidin biosensor based on NIR-II quantum dots combined with streptavidin signal amplification. The application of NIR-II quantum dots provides the possibility of biosensor applications for complex samples.
Synthesis ofN-(acyloxy)-N-alkynylamidesviageneration of “C2” from hypervalent alkynyliodane and a weak base
Authors: Kagami Kentaro , Liang Xueying , Ishibashi Nanako , Ohrui Sayaka , Tayu Masanori , Saito Nozomi
Published: June 2023

The first synthesis ofN-(acyloxy)ynamides was realized through the coupling ofN-(acyloxy)amides and hypervalent alkynyliodane under mild conditions.
Palladium-catalyzed distal selective C–H chalcogenation of biphenyl amines
Authors: Zhou Yunhao , Zheng Tao , Xu Yue , Li Bo , Wang Yuchi , Mei Ruhuai , Gu Linghui , Ma Wenbo
Published: June 2023

Herein, we describe a palladium-catalyzed distal C–H chalcogenation of biphenyl amines, affording a series of valuable aryl chalcogenides, which could be further transformed to 8-membered N, Se(S)-heterocycles through intramolecular C–N cyclization.
Switch-on luminescent sensing of unlabelled bacterial lectin by terbium(iii) glycoconjugate systems
Authors: Wojtczak Karolina , Zahorska Eva , Murphy Ian J. , Koppel Finnja , Cooke Gordon , Titz Alexander , Byrne Joseph P.
Published: June 2023

Unlabelled bacterial lectin LecA causes enhancement of terbium(iii)-centred emission from glycoconjugate, with sensing driven by the lectin's selective carbohydrate-binding.
A quantum model of charge capture and release onto/from deep traps
Authors: Vrubel Ivan I. , Khanin Vasilii , Suta Markus , Polozkov Roman G. , Cherotchenko Evgeniia D.
Published: June 2023

Two-stage model based on Fermi's golden rule and Bose Einstein statistics shows that trapping cross-section mainly depends on peculiarities of the hybridization of CB and localized trap states.
ARCHE-NOAH: NMR supersequence with five different CEST experiments for studying protein conformational dynamics
Authors: Cabrera Allpas Rodrigo , Hansen Alexandar L. , Brüschweiler Rafael
Published: June 2023

An NMR NOAH-supersequence is presented consisting of five CEST experiments for studying protein backbone and side-chain dynamics by 15N-CEST, carbonyl-13CO-CEST, aromatic-13Car-CEST, 13Cα-CEST, and methyl-13Cmet-CEST.
Signatures of pancake bonding in hydrated eumelanin
Authors: Abramov P. A. , Ivankov O. I. , Mostert A. B. , Motovilov K. A.
Published: June 2023

Pancake bonding phenomenology explains the long-term inconsistency between electron paramagnetic resonance, muon spin relaxation and conductivity data for biopigment eumelanin.
Environmentally friendly InP quantum dots as a visible-light catalyst for water treatment
Authors: Tran Alexis , Valleix Rodolphe , Matic Matea , Sleiman Mohamad , Cisnetti Federico , Boyer Damien
Published: June 2023

In this study, we demonstrate the first successful application of InP quantum dots (QDs) as an environmentally friendly visible light photocatalyst for water treatment.
Dynamic nano-imaging via a microsphere compound lens integrated microfluidic device with a 10× objective lens
Authors: Wu Guangxing , Ng Serene Wen Ling , Zhou Yan , Hong Minghui
Published: June 2023

Real-time super-resolution microfluidics imaging enabled by a microsphere compound lens integrated microfluidic device with a 10× objective lens.
Pivotal role of the protein corona in the cell uptake of fluorinated nanoparticles with increased sensitivity for 19F-MR imaging
Authors: Gatti Lodovico , Chirizzi Cristina , Rotta Giulia , Milesi Pietro , Sancho-Albero María , Sebastián Victor , Mondino Anna , Santamaría Jesús , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Chaabane Linda , Bombelli Francesca Baldelli
Published: June 2023

The formation of a protein corona (PC) strongly influences the cellular internalization mechanisms of fluorinated NPs. In particular, the PC facilitates the NP cellular uptake in microglia cells enhancing 19F-MRI sensitivity.
Tetraalkylammonium-based dicationic ionic liquids (ILs) for CO2 capture
Authors: Kulkarni Prashant S. , Ranjane Prathamesh , Mishra Karun , Sundararajan Swati , Kamble Sanjay
Published: June 2023

This investigation includes the synthesis and characterization of a new series of ionic liquids (ILs) based on the tetraalkylammonium dication for the absorption of CO2, a step towards the development of more efficient and sustainable technologies.
Non-destructive processing of silver containing glass ceramic antibacterial coating on polymeric surgical mesh surfaces
Authors: Zareei Amin , Kasi Venkat , Thornton Allison , Rivera Ulisses Heredia , Sawale Manoj , Maruthamuthu Murali Kannan , He Zihao , Nguyen Juliane , Wang Haiyan , Mishra Dharmendra K. , Rahimi Rahim
Published: June 2023

This study presents an efficient method to deposit silver-doped glass-ceramic coatings on polypropylene meshes using cold atmospheric plasma and laser surface texturing. The optimal process offers sustained antibacterial properties and high biocompatibility.
Brønsted acid-promoted ring-opening and annulation of thioamides and 2H-azirines to synthesize 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazoles
Authors: Wang Meng , Ma Jingyi , Wang Hesong , Hu Fangpeng , Sun Bo , Tan Taiyan , Li Minglang , Huang Guosheng
Published: June 2023

We have developed a metal-free synthesis method of 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazoles by the formation of C–S and C–N bonds.It is a green and efficient way with a broad substrate scope. And this protocol features mild conditions and simple operation.
Design and development of intramolecular doubly vinylogous Michael addition to access 3-aryl substituted 2-alkenyl-benzofurans and -indoles
Authors: Subbi Reddy Manyam , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Suresh Surisetti
Published: June 2023

The first intramolecular doubly vinylogous Michael addition (DVMA) has been revealed for the construction of 2-alkenyl benzofuran and 2-alkenyl indole derivatives.
Constructing a VS4–V2CTx heterojunction interface to realize an ultra-long lifetime and high rate capability in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Lin , Wang Mingshan , Li Enzhi , Hu Xi , Huang Siming , Yang Zhenliang , Zhou Dan , Xie Haijiao , Chen Junchen , Ma Zhiyuan , Guo Bingshu , Yu Bo , Li Xing
Published: June 2023

A superior electrochemical performance is achieved by constructing VS4–V2CTx Schottky contact heterojunctions with built-in electric fields that accelerate the kinetics of electron and Na+ diffusion.
C2O42−-templated cage-shaped Ln28(Ln = Gd, Eu) nanoclusters with magnetocaloric effect and luminescence
Authors: Wang Qin , Lu Sheng-Hui , Xu Ling-Xi , Wang Ji-Lei , Yu Ya-Ting , Bai Xu , Mei Hua , Xu Yan
Published: June 2023

The unprecedented cage-shaped Gd28 can be divided into the aesthetically exquisite triangle-shaped Gd12 subunit and the triangle-shaped Gd16 subunit, which is constructed from four Gd3 units and four Gd4 units.
Achieving high color purity in multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters through a substitution-driven design strategy
Authors: Cai Wanlin , Zhong Cheng , Wu De-Yin
Published: June 2023

The origin of the reorganization energy can be elucidated from the perspective of molecular orbital (MO). Furthermore, the reorganization energy variations can be rationalized by MO distribution.
Enriching calixarene functionality with 1,3-diketone groups
Authors: Sakovich Maria , Sokolova Daria , Alekseev Ivan , Lentin Ivan , Gorbunov Alexander , Malakhova Maria , Ershov Ivan , Zairov Rustem , Korniltsev Ilia , Podyachev Sergey , Bezzubov Stanislav , Kovalev Vladimir , Vatsouro Ivan
Published: June 2023

Diverse calixarene 1,3-diketones including those having additional triazole or crown ether functionalities can be readily prepared by acylation of magnesium enolates of acetophenones with calixarene-based 1-acylbenzotriazoles.
Optimization of Ti–BA efficiently for the catalytic alcoholysis of waste PET using response surface methodology
Authors: Wen Ruiyang , Shen Guoliang , Yu Yang , Xu Shijie , Wei Jie , Huo Yue , Jiang Sijin
Published: June 2023

A titanium benzoate (Ti–BA) catalyst was prepared by hydrothermal method, which has an ordered eight-face structure, and was used for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) depolymerization.
Photocrystallography of [Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2]2+ reveals an O-bonded metastable state
Authors: Marr Zoe Y. , Thapa Magar Rajani , Fournier Bertrand , Benedict Jason B. , Rack Jeffrey J.
Published: June 2023

We report the first observation of the phototriggered isomerization of dmso ligands on a bis sulfoxide complex, [Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2], in the crystalline solid state.
Elucidating the electrochemical reaction mechanism of lithium-rich antiperovskite cathodes for lithium-ion batteries as exemplified by (Li2Fe)SeO
Authors: Singer Lennart , Mohamed M. A. A. , Hahn Henrik , Gonzalez-Martinez Ignacio G. , Hantusch Martin , Wenelska Karolina , Mijowska Ewa , Büchner Bernd , Hampel Silke , Gräßler Nico , Klingeler Rüdiger
Published: June 2023

Electrochemical reaction mechanism of lithium-rich antiperovskites and a route to improve their electrochemical performance.
3D printing of solvent-treated PEDOT:PSS inks for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Ghaderi Saeed , Hosseini Hadi , Haddadi Seyyed Arash , Kamkar Milad , Arjmand Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Schematic illustration of DIW 3D printing of patterned self-standing polymeric EMI shields.
Recent progress and prospects in active anion-bearing C12A7-mediated chemical reactions
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Li Zichuang , Xu Miao , Hosono Hideo , Ye Tian-Nan
Published: June 2023

Various active ions substituted C12A7 correspond to different chemical application.
Exploiting the interaction between halloysite and charged PNAs for their controlled release
Authors: Riela Serena , Borrego-Sánchez Ana , Cauteruccio Silvia , de Melo Barbosa Raquel , Massaro Marina , Sainz-Díaz C. Ignacio , Sánchez-Espejo Rita , Viseras-Iborra César , Licandro Emanuela
Published: June 2023

The interaction of PNA molecules with halloysite is a useful strategy to obtain innovative systems to be applied in nanomedicine.
MAPbBr3−nXn (X = Cl, I) single-crystal narrowband photodetectors for potential application in traffic light recognition
Authors: Liang Feng-Xia , Li Shi-Fu , Yu Jie , Zhou Liang-Liang , Wang Jiang , Fu Can , An Xiang , Huang Jian-An , Wang Li , Luo Lin-Bao
Published: June 2023

A series of novel narrowband photodetectors based on MAPbBr3−nXn (X = Cl, I) single-crystal films were fabricated, and further applied to the identification of different color LEDs employed in traffic lights.
Comparative Analysis of the Temporal Aspects of Word-Final Disfluencies, Stuttering-Like Disfluencies, and Nonstuttering-Like Disfluencies
Authors: Sutkowski Stephanie , Scaler Scott Kathleen , Kisenwether Jessica
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Repetitions at the end of words, known as word-final disfluencies (WFDs), have long been documented in the speech of individuals with and without other communication disorders. Although these disfluencies are often compared to repetitions at the beginning of words observed in stuttering, it has been suggested that WFDs differ from stuttering in their salient features. WFDs have been observed to present more as nonstuttering-like disfluencies (NSLDs; interjections, phrase repetitions, revisions) than as stuttering-like disfluencies (SLDs) in terms of tension and the individual's awareness of their disfluencies. An acoustic comparison of the different types of disfluency has not yet been explored. The purpose of this study was to compare the durational characteristics of repetitions in individuals with WFDs to those in individuals who exhibit SLDs and NSLDs.

Method:

Speech samples from three school-age boys who presented with WFDs, three school-age boys who stutter, and three preschool-age boys who presented with NSLDs often seen in normal language development were recorded and analyzed. The silent duration between the parent word and the repetition unit of each participant's disfluencies were measured using acoustic analysis software and compared across groups.

Results:

Results indicated that the silent duration between the word and the repeated segment of the disfluencies produced by each group was significantly different from each other.

Conclusion:

Descriptively, the silent duration of WFDs was closer to that of NSLDs than to that of SLDs, suggesting that WFDs may be more closely related to the disfluencies of developing language than to those of stuttering.
Towards trustworthy multi‐modal motion prediction: Holistic evaluation and interpretability of outputs
Authors: Carrasco Limeros Sandra , Majchrowska Sylwia , Johnander Joakim , Petersson Christoffer , Sotelo Miguel Ángel , Fernández Llorca David
Published: June 2023

Predicting the motion of other road agents enables autonomous vehicles to perform safe and efficient path planning. This task is very complex, as the behaviour of road agents depends on many factors and the number of possible future trajectories can be considerable (multi‐modal). Most prior approaches proposed to address multi‐modal motion prediction are based on complex machine learning systems that have limited interpretability. Moreover, the metrics used in current benchmarks do not evaluate all aspects of the problem, such as the diversity and admissibility of the output. The authors aim to advance towards the design of trustworthy motion prediction systems, based on some of the requirements for the design of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence. The focus is on evaluation criteria, robustness, and interpretability of outputs. First, the evaluation metrics are comprehensively analysed, the main gaps of current benchmarks are identified, and a new holistic evaluation framework is proposed. Then, a method for the assessment of spatial and temporal robustness is introduced by simulating noise in the perception system. To enhance the interpretability of the outputs and generate more balanced results in the proposed evaluation framework, an intent prediction layer that can be attached to multi‐modal motion prediction models is proposed. The effectiveness of this approach is assessed through a survey that explores different elements in the visualisation of the multi‐modal trajectories and intentions. The proposed approach and findings make a significant contribution to the development of trustworthy motion prediction systems for autonomous vehicles, advancing the field towards greater safety and reliability.
Semantic segmentation via pixel‐to‐center similarity calculation
Authors: Wu Dongyue , Guo Zilin , Li Aoyan , Yu Changqian , Sang Nong , Gao Changxin
Published: June 2023

Since the fully convolutional network has achieved great success in semantic segmentation, lots of works have been proposed to extract discriminative pixel representations. However, the authors observe that existing methods still suffer from two typical challenges: (i) The intra‐class feature variation between different scenes may be large, leading to the difficulty in maintaining the consistency between same‐class pixels from different scenes; (ii) The inter‐class feature distinction in the same scene could be small, resulting in the limited performance to distinguish different classes in each scene. The authors first rethink semantic segmentation from a perspective of similarity between pixels and class centers. Each weight vector of the segmentation head represents its corresponding semantic class in the whole dataset, which can be regarded as the embedding of the class center. Thus, the pixel‐wise classification amounts to computing similarity in the final feature space between pixels and the class centers. Under this novel view, the authors propose a Class Center Similarity (CCS) layer to address the above‐mentioned challenges by generating adaptive class centers conditioned on each scenes and supervising the similarities between class centers. The CCS layer utilises the Adaptive Class Center Module to generate class centers conditioned on each scene, which adapt the large intra‐class variation between different scenes. Specially designed Class Distance Loss (CD Loss) is introduced to control both inter‐class and intra‐class distances based on the predicted center‐to‐center and pixel‐to‐center similarity. Finally, the CCS layer outputs the processed pixel‐to‐center similarity as the segmentation prediction. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our model performs favourably against the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Massive heterogeneous data collecting in UAV‐assisted wireless IoT networks
Authors: Li Dongji , Xu Shaoyi , Li Yan
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐assisted wireless communication network that collects the data information of Internet of things (IoT) devices deployed in the region, where the cellular networks cannot cover. Due to the numerous variety and number of IoT devices, a large amount of data generated by IoT networks needs to be collected by UAV. The goal of this paper is to minimize the UAV's cruise time with the joint optimization of IoT devices communication scheduling, UAV trajectory, and transmit bandwidth allocation. To facilitate data collection by UAVs, the data‐distance‐k‐means (d2‐k‐means) algorithm is proposed to divide IoT devices into multiple initial clusters. However, the formulated problem is mixed‐integer joint non‐convex, so it is difficult to solve directly. Since it may be with relatively high computational complexity, as an alternative, a block coordinate descent (BCD)‐based method is designed. To tackle the non‐convex problem, a successive convex approximation (SCA)‐based algorithm is also proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is able to achieve significant performance over other schemes for scenarios of UAV‐assisted wireless IoT networks to collect massive amount of data.