bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing exoelectrogens in a novel microbial desalination cell: a study on the impact of salinity on sago effluent treatment and power generation
Authors: Prakash Sandhya , Naina Mohamed Samsudeen , Ponnusamy Kalaichelvi
Published: April 2024

The impact of salinity on the performance of exoelectrogens in the novel MDC was studied. MDC – 1 performed better at 30 g L−1 NaCl concentration and MDC – 2 performed better in brackish water.
Preparation of zwitterionic random and block poly(N-α-acrylamide-l-lysine-co-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) copolymers and their effect on fibrinolytic activity
Authors: Nakago Tomoya , Oki Yuto , Nousou Tatsuki , Ogawa Tomohiro , Shiraishi Kohei
Published: April 2024

We have developed N-α-lysine acrylamide (LysAA) with a lysine side chain that enhances the fibrinolytic system; random copolymerization of LysAA with MPC [20% molar ratio] enhanced the fibrinolytic activity of LysAA.
Precise synthesis of copper selenide nanowires with tailored Cu vacancies through photo-induced reduction for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Sakane Shunya , Miura Tatsuki , Munakata Kazuki , Morikawa Yusuke , Miwa Shunichiro , Yamanaka Riku , Sugai Toshiki , Ayukawa Akito , Udono Haruhiko , Tanaka Hideki
Published: April 2024

We have successfully synthesized Cu2+xSe nanowires (NWs) with various amounts of Cu vacancies at room temperature by the photoreduction method for thermoelectric applications.
In silico identification of multi-target inhibitors from medicinal fungal metabolites against the base excision repair pathway proteins of African swine fever virus
Authors: Macalalad Mark Andrian B. , Orosco Fredmoore L.
Published: April 2024

Through in silico methods, three fungal metabolites, namely cochlactone A, antcamphin M, and methyl ganoderate E, exhibited potential multi-target inhibitory activity against African swine fever virus (ASFV) base excision repair proteins.
NiOx/PANI nanocomposite doped carbon paste as electrode for long-term stable and highly efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kumar Anjan , Mustafa Mohammed Ahmed , Fouly Ahmed , Bains Pardeep Singh , Sharma Rohit , Bisht Yashwant Singh , Awwad Emad Mahrous , Singh Parminder
Published: April 2024

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a hopeful alternative in the realm of photovoltaics.
Stable cycling and low-temperature operation utilizing amorphous carbon-coated graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xiao Pengfei , Wang Zhongming , Long Kecheng , Yang Jixu , Liu Xinsheng , Ling Canhui , Chen Libao , Mei Lin
Published: April 2024

The carbon coated graphite prepared by CVD method can meet the stable cycling. The pouch cell GC-2‖LiCoO2 exhibits noteworthy durability, retaining 87% of its capacity even after 1200 cycles at a high charge/discharge rate of 5C/5C.
The effects of lead, copper, and iron corrosion products on antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Folvarska Veronika , Thomson San Marie , Lu Zihao , Adelgren Maya , Schmidt Adam , Newton Ryan J. , Wang Yin , McNamara Patrick J.
Published: April 2024

Antibiotic resistance is a public health crisis.
Probabilistic models for evaluating network edge's resistance against scan and foothold attack
Authors: Wang Shuo , Pei Qingqi , Xiao Yang , Shao Feng , Yuan Shuai , Chu Jiang , Liao Renjie
Published: April 2024

The threat of Scan and Foothold Attack to the Network Edge (SFANE) is increasing, which greatly affects the application and development of edge computing network architecture. However, existing works focus on the implementation of specific technologies that resist the SFANE but ignore the effectiveness analysis of them. To overcome this limitation, this paper constructs probabilistic models for evaluating network edge's resistance against SFANE. In particular, the attacker models of the SFANE based on the ATT&CK model are first formalized. Afterward, according to the state‐of‐the‐art defense technologies, three different defense strategies are illustrated: no defense, address mutation, and fingerprint decoy. Subsequently, three different probabilistic models are constructed to provide a deeper analysis of the theoretical effect of these strategies on resisting the SFANE. Finally, the experimental results show that the actual defense effect of each strategy almost perfectly follows its probabilistic model.
Chaff jamming recognition and suppression based on semi‐realistic dataset and Pre‐Decluttering Dual‐Stage UNet
Authors: Xu Qinwen , Fu Xiongjun , Li Mingling , Zhao Congxia , Dong Jian
Published: April 2024

Countermeasures for chaff jamming have drawn great attention in the field of radar target detection and tracking. Current approaches for chaff jamming recognition and suppression exhibit limitations in practical effect, generalisation ability, and hybrid jamming handling. To address the above problems, the authors first transform the traditional 1D signal processing problem into a 2D semantic segmentation task and then solve it from the perspective of the dataset construction and algorithm design. For the dataset construction, the authors use both measured and simulated data to synthesise a more realistic labelled dataset (semi‐realistic dataset), which is also with good diversity due to its adjustable chaff interference background. For the algorithm design, the authors propose a Pre‐Decluttering Dual‐Stage UNet (D2UNet) to recognise and suppress chaff jamming in two stages successively, where the former provides prior attention masks for the latter. To further improve the performance of D2UNet, the authors also design a multi‐stage loss function to achieve progressive training. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that D2UNet delivers remarkable recognition accuracy (99.305%) and suppression performance (41.326 dB peak signal‐to‐jamming ratio, 0.9952 structure similarity index measure) on the semi‐realistic dataset. Its practical effect is further verified on measured data.
Effect of temperature on partial discharges activity and electrical trees propagation in XLPE
Authors: Li Yan , Zhen Guancheng , Liu Yifan , Song Haoyuan , Liang Yuwei , Liu Xiaokun , Meng Shaoxin , Liu Yan , Li Shasha
Published: April 2024

Cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables are commonly used for constructing urban power lines due to their superior properties. Insulation defects can cause partial discharge (PD) and electrical tree, which can negatively impact the insulation performance of the cable and even lead to insulation failure. During operation, cables undergo hot and cold cycles, and the temperature of the insulation layer can affect the PD and electrical tree. An experimental platform with a needle‐plate electrode was developed to investigate this phenomenon. The platform was used to detect PD activity and electrical tree propagation in XLPE under a 50 Hz voltage at various temperatures. The results indicate that an increase in insulation temperature leads to an increase in the number of PDs and a decrease in the inception voltage. Simultaneously, it has been observed that a rise in temperature can facilitate the spread of electrical trees. To explicate the aforementioned PD result, a finite element analysis (FEA) model has been developed. Additionally, a molecular dynamics (MD) model of XLPE material was developed to clarify the phenomenon of electrical tree propagation. This study's findings aid in investigating the impact of temperature on XLPE defects, which is critical for assessing power cable performance.
Ornamental or tree-filled City Park? A community preference for Sustainable City of Palangka Raya, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Desivera Tri , Sudyana I Nyoman , Berkat  , Hamidah Noor , Patrisia Yulin
Published: April 2024

City Park planning often focuses primarily on the benefits of ecosystem services. Seldom does the study of community preferences become the main focus. However, the community are the beneficiaries and service users of a city park. Hence, a sustainable city park’s planning and design have to involve the community. This study aims to investigate the preferences of the public of Pahandut district in Palangka Raya City, Indonesia, toward two city park themes, namely ornamental and tree-filled parks. A total of 159 city park visitors participated in this study as respondents. The results of binary logistic regression showed heterogeneous preferences influenced by socio-demographic characteristics. The findings of this study contribute to the foundation of well-performing and sustainable urban park planning by grounding the preferences of city residents. Community-derived policies are more likely to be sustainable due to the involvement of beneficiaries.
A canvas model for planning and development strategy of rural sustainable tourism
Authors: Wibisono Haryo Kunto , Prastyawan Agus , Noviyanti Weni Rosdiana , Badi’ah Atha , Klemens Kevin
Published: April 2024

Tourism development in rural areas is basically in line with the idea of sustainable development goals that want to create a healthy and prosperous life and strong institutions. This article examines sustainable tourism development strategies in rural areas. This article uses the focus group discussion method to develop BMC business strategies for tourism awareness groups in Tlemang village. By using BMC as a business strategy model, Pokdarwis can map which sectors support the concept of Sustainable Tourism Village. Through BMC’s knowledge of pokdarwis as the main subject of tourism development, pokdarwis as an institution has the capacity to regulate business strategies and adapt business knowledge in running tourism villages.
An artificial intelligence-based tool for student-generated question
Authors: Anistyasari Yeni , Ekohariadi  , Yani Muhammad Turhan , Wiriawan Oce , Hidayati Shintami C
Published: April 2024

The benefits of student question generation have been extensively established, yet most students do not engage in question-generation activities throughout their formal education and are not used to writing questions. The goal of this project was to create a flexible online learning environment that highlights several types of scaffolding in order to better assist student question production activities in a timely, adaptable, and practically possible manner. The system’s underlying architecture and design principles are outlined. The objective of this work is so utilise Chat-GPT that guides student generated questions. The potential of the student-generated question method of instruction is explored, as is an initial examination of students’ impressions of the helpfulness of the different built-in support systems. Suggestions on how the study’s findings could be used in the classroom and in future research are offered. It has been established that perceived utility plays a significant influence in the dissemination and acceptance of new technology for a wide variety of innovations. Finally, the link between the students’ impressions of the utility of the framework in the established system and their cognitive skills regarding the educational potential of student-generated questions was investigated.
Development of power kick measuring devices for martial athletes
Authors: Purbodjati  , Fahmi Hafizhuddin Zul , Arif Muamar Zainul , Widodo Achmad , Firmansyah Awang
Published: April 2024

A martial artist needs a kick to make an attack on an opponent. In martial arts, the point of kicking is greater than the punch. There are various kinds of kicks such as front, back, side and swivel. Indeed, not all sports require kicks, one of the sports that require kicks is pencak silat, karate, taekwondo, muay-thai, and drajat fighting. The Indonesian government launched the National Sports Grand Design (DBON) training aids that can help in the training process of martial arts athletes included in this program. This study aims to determine the kick power of a martial artist to be more measurable when drilling training. This research uses a research approach and the development of tool prototypes. There are three important aspects that will be considered in this study, namely function, comfort and design. This research will examine the development of kick-measuring instruments in terms of prototype design. Furthermore, research related to reverse engineering will be developed to improve the quality of prototypes.
Modeling agile development of Web application e-monev using UML
Authors: Suartana I Made , Puspitaningayu Pradini , Pratama Satwika Arya , Dwiyanti Sri , Maspiyah  , Haryudo Subuh Isnur
Published: April 2024

Monitoring and evaluation (Monev) are critical to determining whether the plan has been implemented and learning for future policies and planning. In education, the information obtained from monitoring and evaluation results is beneficial and will help improve existing processes sustainably. Implementation of monitoring and evaluation using printed manual documents requires time in processing the monitoring and evaluation results, giving rise to a tendency to spend much time in the implementation process. At the same time, there are essential things to do next, namely, evaluation and follow-up of the monitoring and evaluation process. An integrated solution is needed to implement monitoring, evaluation, and reporting so that the monitoring and evaluation process can be emphasized on assessment and follow-up, not monitoring. This research aims to design a prototype e-monev application using a web platform. This system is intended to be used to monitor and evaluate lectures. E-Monev was developed using an Agile and Collaborative Model Driven Development (AC-MDD). AC-MDD helps teams identify and manage interactions between business processes, domains, software, and creative design in Web engineering projects. UML was chosen in the E-Monev system design modeling. UML was expected to assist the team in communicating, designing, and validating software architectural designs. Agile Modeling with UML can be modeling the E-Monev system by adopting changes that may arise due to policy or rule changes.
Montal app development: Mental monitoring for disability in adapting to the community environment
Authors: Windayani Novia Restu , Pradana Hirnanda Dimas , Dermawan Dodik Arwin , Anggara Onny Frasinanta , Anggraeny Diah , Beny Acep Ovel Novari
Published: April 2024

Technological developments can be used for a wide variety of benefits One of them is the use of assessment for students or someone independent of the community environment. This monitoring activity is not only carried out by the concerned, but also involves the homeroom teacher, teacher council, and parents/guardians Learners. The goal is that this activity is not only carried out in schools, in Parents also contribute to shaping the disciplinary character of their children. It is associated with people with disabilities and the importance of the role of the environment is enormous in fostering the mental health of people with disabilities. Good surroundings can be a critical success factor in mental health growth, because can facilitate people with disabilities to blend in and socialize. Montal’s application is carried out with media feasibility tests before being used by people with disabilities. Declared Fit for use with a number of 3.59 In the implementation of the MONTAL research in a trial with a total of 20 SLB Gedangan Students and 15 UNESA Students with disabilities getting results of 3.05 it was stated that this application could be suitable for special assessment of students or students with disabilities to be confident in the surrounding environment.
A statistical fuzzy clustering approach to analyze the characteristics of the number of new cancer cases in Asia for Health
Authors: Firdaus Hajar , Sofro A’yunin , Khikmah Khusnia Nurul , Maharani Asri
Published: April 2024

Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in an organ of the human body. Asia is the continent that has the most significant number of new cases of cancer, with a percentage of 49.3% of the number of cancer patients in the world. Preventive action to deal with the spread of cancer is the responsibility of the government to improve the quality of health in the country, so it is necessary to take action to prevent the spread of cancer and help archieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the third point in the field of health. One of them is by determining the characteristics of the cancer and clustering countries in Asia based on their characteristics. This article will discuss the clustering of countries in Asia using fuzzy clustering in the form of fuzzy k-means, fuzzy Gustafson-Kessel babushka and fuzzy k-medoids. the results obtained from the analysis show that using fuzzy k-means will have a more excellent fuzzy silhouette index value compared to fuzzy Gustafson-Kessel babushka and fuzzy k-medoids, which is 0.6313.
The effectiveness of 70% Alcohol solution and 4% formalin as preservative for Wet Herbarium
Authors: Oxi Rizki Yulia , Sugimin  , Trisiswanti  , Rizqita Eza Alfian , Arista Anggi Maulia
Published: April 2024

Laboratory activity is one of the important activities carried out in the biology learning process. One of the student practicum activities is making a herbarium. Making a herbarium aims to preserve specimens obtained in nature and to facilitate the learning process in several subjects. Methods for making herbarium are divided into 2, namely wet herbarium and dry herbarium. In this study, a wet herbarium was prepared using 2 solutions, namely 70% alcohol and 4% formalin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of 70% alcohol and 4% formalin as a preservative for wet herbarium. The stages of this research included dilution of the solution, treatment of preserved specimens, treatment and observation of wet herbarium specimens. The effectiveness of the pickling solution was seen from the turbidity of the solution as measured using a turbidimeter and the morphology of the specimen. The results of this study were that 4% formalin was effective as a preservative for wet herbarium in fruits.
Performance parameters of standard salt concentration sensitivity and linearity in Refractometers and Genesys 30 Spectrometer UV-Vis
Authors: Budiyanto Mohammad , Purnomo Aris Rudi , Ilhami Fasih Bintang , Soebjanto Sonny , Mursyidah Roihana Waliyyul , Indana Sifak , Prawoto Budi Priyo
Published: April 2024

The performance parameters of the sensitivity and linearity of the UV-vis Refractometer and Spectrometer in the standard salt solution test are very simple to do on a simple and inexpensive sample basis. The accuracy of measuring instruments is very important, and the process of checking measuring instruments through trials of salt content is one of the techniques in this study to determine the performance parameters of science laboratory equipment, especially in the use of refractometers and Genesys 30 spectrometer UV-vis. Both of these instruments are available in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences with different specifications in order to select an instrument that has high accuracy based on the characterization of the performance parameters of the Science laboratory equipment with indicators of higher sensitivity and linearity. The output of this research is to provide tool recommendations with high accuracy. Experimental results on samples of five different concentrations of salt solutions showed that the sensitivity and linearity of the spectrometer UV-vis were higher than those of the refractometer, so it can be concluded that to test the concentration of salt content in certain samples, it is better to use a spectrometer UV-vis.
Brief report: Diversity of mosquito in East Surabaya
Authors: Zahra Siti Fatimatuz , Rohmah Etik Ainun , Mulyatno Kris Cahyo , Rahmadani Windi Nurfitri , Rojafi Muhammad Zamharir , Subekti Sri , Indrasari Yulia Nadar , Utomo Budi , Yuana Dia Bitari Mei , Lesmana I Putu Dody
Published: April 2024

Mosquitoes are insects that are detrimental to human health because they act as disease vectors, such as dengue fever. Surabaya was known for its high risk of dengue fever. This study aims to describe the diversity of mosquitoes and breeding site distribution in Eastern Surabaya. The study was conducted in 2021 during the end of the wet season in different habitat types in the eastern Surabaya (residential, city park, bamboo forest, and mangrove forest). Eggs, larval, and adult-stage mosquitoes were collected and stored in the Entomology Laboratory for morphological identification. Adult mosquito was collected by using a sweep net and light trap method, while the larva and egg were collected incidentally from breeding sites. The diversity of mosquitoes in the Eastern Surabaya was determined by using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), dominance, species richness (R), and breeding site distribution. Eleven species were obtained in this study, namely Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes annandalei, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles vagus, Anopheles barbirostris, Culex bitaeniorhynchus, Culex pseudovishnui, Culex quinquefasciatus, Mansonia uniformis, and Malaya genurostris. The H’ index of 1.63 indicates the mosquito community was at a moderate level. The R-value of 1.56 indicates a low level of mosquito species richness. The most abundant species was Cx. quinquefasciatus (37.2%). Most of the breeding sites with mosquito larval infested were found in open areas (79.3%). These numbers mean the total of individuals of each species tends to be low and its dominance shows no effect on other species. The data on mosquito species and their distribution in Surabaya could be used as base information for vector control strategies.
A case study of how digital competencies affect Pre-Service Physics Teachers’ Professional growth: Realizing SDG 4
Authors: Rizki Iqbal Ainur , Sunarti Titin , Salsabila Nadhira Fasya
Published: April 2024

This study unveils the level of digital competencies among prospective teachers, their correlation with professional development, and relevant university programs. The research was conducted at a public educational university in East Java, Indonesia, and involved seven four-year undergraduate students who were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. The results indicate that the participants possess intermediate-level digital competencies, including information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, safety, and problem-solving. It is crucial for PSPTs to have digital competency as it can enhance the quality of learning activities and create an interactive physics learning environment. Additionally, universities that specialize in education can offer programs, such as digital competency-based courses, seminars, workshops, or internships, to help aspiring teachers improve their digital competencies. This research contributes to informing teacher education programs and guiding the integration of targeted training modules to enhance technological proficiency and professional development in realizing SDG 4.
Improvement of cultivation techniques to increase sorghum productivity in Ende Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Djou Laurentius Dominicus Gadi , Lanamana Willybrordus , Murdaningsih  , Lulan Theodore Y.K.
Published: April 2024

The sorghum crop has the potential to be developed in Ende Regency because it has wide adaptability and is tolerant to drought. Through proper processing, this commodity can be used as an alternative food for the people of NTT. Sorghum contains fibre that the body needs. Contains carbohydrates, nutrients, protein and vitamins. The main problem is the low productivity and income of sorghum farmers. This is because the cultivation technology is still conventional. Empowerment method used; counselling, training and mentoring. Technological improvements include tillage by ploughing once or twice and making beds. Overlapping sorghum with peanuts. The varieties used are Numbu, Suri 4, Super 1, Super 2, Soper 7 and Soper 9. Spacing Legowo 2: 1 where 2 rows of sorghum, 1 row of peanuts. Embroidery is done if the sorghum seeds do not grow. Fertilizers used, organic and inorganic, weeding at the age of 10-15 days, the second weeding together with the hilling, after the second fertilization. Pest control is carried out effectively. The application of cultivation technology affects increasing the productivity of sorghum.
STEM education, environment, and industries – Toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal through a knowledge transfer programme
Authors: Bunyamin Muhammad Abd Hadi , Abdul Manas Nor Hasmaliana , Wan Azelee Nur Izyan , Masngut Nasratun , Fuzi Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohamad , Ibrahim Nor Hasniza , Surif Johari , Wibowo Firmanul Catur , Prahani Binar Kurnia
Published: April 2024

STEM education is important for protecting the environment. However, efforts to educate industries on environmental protection should be made to ensure sustainable practices within those industries. This study aims to report on efforts made to educate an industry on environmental protection using the case of wastewater treatment technology through a knowledge transfer programme (KTP) by a university. The KTP was conducted to expose industrial players, who were the research participants, to the issue of protecting the environment through the introduction of new technology in treating industrial wastewater. The main content included sharing knowledge on current bio-based technology and how the industry may be able to adopt the new technology for environmental protection. The participants were also exposed to a national study on the need for new technology in wastewater treatment. After the programme, they assessed the programme’s effectiveness and the outcomes. The key finding is that the KTP has increased the participants’ knowledge and awareness of the importance of adopting new technology in wastewater treatment as a means for achieving sustainable cities and communities. This effort is critical to ensuring the success of translating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) among industries.
Massive Größenprogredienz und maligne Transformation einer muzinös-zystischen Neoplasie des Pankreas in der Schwangerschaft – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Scheyda-Yoo Katharina , Hofer Ulrich , Várnai-Händel Alinda , Maus Martin K.-H. , Dumoulin Franz Ludwig
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund Muzinös-zystische Neoplasien (MCN) machen 10% aller zystischen Pankreasläsionen aus. Sie kommen fast ausschließlich bei weiblichen Patienten vor und weisen ein ovar-ähnliches Stroma sowie häufig Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptoren auf. Während einer Schwangerschaft können sie massiv an Größe zunehmen und maligne entarten.

Fallbericht Wir berichten von einer 29-jährigen Patientin, bei der vor einigen Jahren eine 35mm große Zyste im Pankreasschwanz aufgefallen und als Pseudozyste eingestuft worden war. Im Rahmen einer Schwangerschaft kam es zu einer massiven Größenzunahme der Zyste, die sich letztendlich als muzinös-zystische Neoplasie mit fokaler maligner Transformation herausstellte.

Schlussfolgerung Zystische Neoplasien des Pankreas bedürfen eines differenzierten Managements, um einerseits eine Übertherapie, andererseits eine maligne Transformation im Intervall zu vermeiden. Patientinnen im gebärfähigen Alter mit V.a. MCN bzw. ätiologisch nicht sicher einzuordnenden zystischen Pankreasläsionen sollten über das (seltene) Phänomen des Progresses von MCN in der Schwangerschaft aufgeklärt und im Rahmen einer Schwangerschaft engmaschig überwacht werden.
Der Experimentalphysiologe Carl Ludwig (1816–1895): Wissenschaftlicher Genius – uneitel, selbstlos, unbeirrbar!
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Weissflog Andreas
Published: April 2024

Neben Johannes Müller war Carl Ludwig einer der profiliertesten Naturwissenschaftler und Physiologen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Carl Ludwig vertrat die Auffassung, dass alle Organfunktionen auf die Gesetze von Physik und Chemie zurückzuführen seien. Nur mithilfe reproduzierbarer Experimente könne man Hypothesen glaubhaft belegen. Ludwig hat die technischen Voraussetzungen dafür geschaffen, „Kymographion“ (Wellenschreiber), die „Stromuhr“ sowie die Blutgaspumpe sind Belege dafür. Seine Schüler und er haben grundlegende Experimente zum Verständnis der Nieren- und Atemphysiologie, der Herz-Kreislauf-Funktion und -Innervation, der Drüsensekretion sowie des Lymphsystems gemacht. Ludwigs zweibändiges „Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen“ war über Jahrzehnte hinweg das Standardwerk der naturwissenschaftlichen und experimentellen Physiologie. Viele junge Wissenschaftler aus der ganzen Welt sind nach Leipzig gekommen, um bei Ludwig die Experimentalphysiologie zu lernen.
Rational Design of Fluorophores Using MO Theory: Our Journey from BODIPYs to BOIMPYs
Authors: Patalag Lukas J. , von Köller Heinrich F. , Werz Daniel B.
Published: April 2024

This short review demonstrates how MO-theoretical considerations can support the tailor-made design of new dye scaffolds, specifically the recently introduced BOIMPY class of fluorophores. Starting with historical and structural foundations, the influence of canonical streptocyanines on the electronic features of diarylmethenes and rhodamines is examined and the BODIPY scaffold is introduced as the primary structural inspiration for our work. The attachment of five-membered ring heterocycles at the meso position of the BODIPY core enables a relaxation into a co-planar and twofold chelating triarylmethene system. After introduction of two electron-withdrawing BF2 units, efficient rigidity is achieved since hindered rotation prevents non-radiative dissipation of energy via excited state relaxation. Hence, a lowered LUMO level allows the combination of a large red shift with high quantum efficiencies. The synthetic approach to BOIMPYs is straightforward and analogous to BODIPY syntheses starting from benzimidazole or tetrazole carbaldehydes. Cyclic voltammetric measurements prove that BOIMPYs are able to easily accept two electrons and might act as efficient photoredox catalysts.
Use of Respiratory and Contact Precautions to Decrease the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Was Not Associated with a Decrease in Endometritis–Intra-Amniotic Infection
Authors: Roig Jacqueline , DeBolt Chelsea A. , Cabrera Mariela , Spiera Emily , Goldberger Cody , Bianco Angela , Stone Joanne A. , Factor Stephanie H.
Published: April 2024

Objective To decrease the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the Mount Sinai Hospital's obstetric service, additional contact and respiratory precautions for patients and staff were implemented. Patients were allowed only one support person, SARS-CoV-2 tested on admission, and required to mask during hospitalization. Staff were required to wear masks and eye shields, gloves for all patient care, and gowns for care with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. This study determined if the risk of endometritis/intra-amniotic infection (IAI) changed under the new pandemic precautions.

Study Design A single-center, historical cohort study via electronic medical record review compared singleton deliveries among patients who labored during the “pandemic period” (from March 1 through May 31, 2020) with those who labored during the “prepandemic period” (March 1 through May 31, 2019) to determine if the risk of endometritis/IAI differed. The analysis was done using logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust for possible differences in obstetric practice and patient population between the two periods.

Results Four percent (53/1,318) of patients in the pandemic period and 5.1% (82/1,596) of patients in the prepandemic period were diagnosed with endometritis/IAI (p = 0.15). Compared with patients who delivered in the prepandemic period, those who delivered during the pandemic period had a higher body mass index at delivery (median: 28.36 [interquartile range, IQR: 25.70, 32.07] vs. 28.00 [IQR: 25.23, 31.50], p = 0.01) and experienced fewer digital exams (median: 4 [range: 1, 10] vs. 4 (range: 1, 19], p = 0.004), a practice not included in the SARS-CoV-2 prevention strategy. In multivariable logistic regression with IPTW adjusting for risk factors for endometritis/IAI, period of delivery was not associated with endometritis/IAI (odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [0.52, 1.11], p = 0.15).

Conclusion The use of respiratory and contact precautions to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 was not associated with risk of endometritis/IAI.

Key Points
Investigation of the Relationship between Burnout Level and Psychological Resilience in Parents of Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Durmaz Gülbeyaz Baran , Üşenmez Tülay Yıldırım
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout level and psychological resilience in parents of children with Down syndrome (DS). This study was conducted at a Special Education and Rehabilitation Center in Türkiye between August and October 2022. The sample of the correlational and cross-sectional study consisted of 80 parents of children with DS. In this study, descriptive characteristics form (DFC), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and brief resilience scale (BRS) were used to collect data. The parents' mean scores on the emotional exhaustion subscale (EES) and personal achievement subscale (PAS) of MBI according to descriptive characteristics revealed statistically significant difference in the EES and PAS scores associated with the parents' age, gender, education status, working status, number of children in the family, and family type (p < 0.05). The parents' mean scores on the BRS according to descriptive characteristics revealed statistically significant difference in BRS scores associated with the gender, educational status, working status, number of children, type of family, and presence of a chronic disease in the child (p < 0.05). There was a strong negative correlation between the EES and the BRS (r = −0.740, p < 0.05), and a strong positive correlation between the PAS and the BRS (r = 0.758, p < 0.05). It was determined that parents' emotional exhaustion levels increased as their psychological resilience levels decreased, and parents' personal accomplishment increased as their psychological resilience levels increased.
Asymptotic behavior for a semilinear Bresse system with variable coefficients and locally distributed nonlinear dissipation
Authors: Mansouri Sabeur
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we consider a semilinear Bresse system in one dimensional bounded non homogeneous medium. We investigate stability issues for such a problem with a nonlinear damping acting in all three wave equations. We prove, firstly, the existence and uniqueness of the solutions by using the nonlinear semigroup method. Afterwords, we establish an uniform decay rates of the energy for these solutions without considering any restriction on the coefficients as well as the equality of the wave propagation speeds. Some techniques of the microlocal analysis theory are used in order to reach the desired asymptotics.
An exploration of anomalous electrical noise in shocked cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)-based explosives
Authors: Burns M. J. , Chidester B. A.
Published: April 2024

Gas gun shock experiments on cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)-based explosive compositions that employ embedded gauge particle velocity tracers have noted a significant amount of electrical noise when compared to other explosive formulations. This paper reexamines previously published embedded gauge data on Cyclotols (60–80 wt. % RDX) to quantify the electromagnetic behavior of these materials. The primary observation is a fourfold increase in the electrical noise when Cyclotols are shocked above 4.22 ± 0.08 GPa. Electromagnetic gauge noise is also observed within particle velocity traces in reactive growth and off-Hugoniot shocks, although at higher pressures than the direct shock case, suggesting a temperature- or kinetically dependent transition. In all cases, the electrical noise disappears upon detonation. By comparing with the static high-pressure phase diagram of RDX, we interpret this change in electromagnetic behavior to be a change in the RDX crystal structure to a piezoelectric phase, although it is uncertain whether the γ or ε phase is responsible for the observed behavior.
Catalyst deactivation during water electrolysis: Understanding and mitigation
Authors: Du Lijie , Zheng Weiran
Published: April 2024

Electrocatalyst deactivation poses a significant obstacle to transitioning water electrolysis technology from laboratory-scale to industrial applications. To inspire more effort on this topic, this contribution explores the structural factors contributing to catalyst deactivation, elucidating the underlying mechanisms with detailed case studies of hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. In particular, the in situ assessment and characterization techniques are highlighted, which can offer a collective understanding of catalyst deactivation. Building on these insights, recent advances in mitigating catalyst deactivation are introduced, from innovative catalyst designs to advanced electrode engineering. The review concludes by emphasizing the necessity for universal test protocols for deactivation and integrating evidence from diverse in situ measurements, aiming to provide introductive guidance examining the complexities of electrocatalyst deactivation.
Upscaling laboratory organic electronic sensor devices to roll-to-roll printing: The effect of printable electrodes on device operation
Authors: Elkington Daniel C. , Cooling Nathan A. , Lim Swee-Lu , Trinh Nguyen T. , Al-Ahmad Alaa , Lewis Tim , Thompson Kristofer L. , Chowdhury Riku , Belcher Warwick , Dastoor Paul C.
Published: April 2024

The prospect of large-scale production of low-cost electronic devices is a driving factor behind the recent interest in printed organic electronics. However, the upscaling of laboratory organic electronic devices is extremely challenging since it requires the adaptation of materials and fabrication processes optimized for the small scale to industrial manufacturing techniques, such as roll-to-roll printing. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of all-printed organic biosensors at the pilot production scale for use in the detection of glucose. By translating device architecture and operation, as well as electrode design and ink formulations of previously reported laboratory-scale glucose sensors to industrial printing and coating processes, we demonstrate sub-millimolar sensitivity to glucose in fully printed devices in a process which is now scalable to commercial production quantities. This Letter highlights the significant challenges associated with developing upscaled printed organic electronic biosensors and the approaches needed to address them.
Data-driven modal analysis of turbulent momentum exchange and heat transfer in composite porous fluid systems
Authors: Jadidi Mohammad , Mahmoudi Yasser
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the dynamics governing turbulent momentum exchange and heat transfer between pore flow within porous media and the turbulent flow passing over it. Employing high-fidelity pore-scale large eddy simulation, our investigation explores the fundamental mechanisms driving these phenomena. Modal analysis based on snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is employed to quantify the modes of interaction between porous and non-porous regions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the underlying processes. Spatial and temporal modes reveal the existence of localized flow structures at the pore scale, contributing to time-varying patterns of information exchange. At the commencement of the porous block, the mean flow (Mode = 0) from the porous to non-porous region is the dominant mechanism in momentum exchange and heat transfer. This mode facilitates convective heat transfer from the porous to the non-porous region through upward and forward flow movements, showcasing positive flow leakage. In addition to the mean flow, the turbulent flux inherent in alternate POD modes (Mode ≠ 0) plays a substantial role in information propagation, influencing diverse directions. Spatial modes, complemented by statistical analysis, uncover a significant likelihood of observing negative vertical velocity values in the wake of the porous ligaments at the porous-fluid interface, indicative of negative flow leakage. This negative flow leakage precisely corresponds to the local penetration of fluid from the non-porous region into the porous region. Furthermore, our study reveals that information exchange via turbulence fluctuations manifests through complex outward and inward interactions in regions characterized by substantial positive flow leakage. Notably, these regions exhibit a distinct tendency for high-momentum streamwise-oriented flow to migrate outward from the porous region into the non-porous region (outward interactions). Conversely, inward interactions arise in these regions when the instantaneous magnitude of positive flow leakage is smaller than the mean value of positive flow leakage, emphasizing the pulsating nature of positive flow leakage. Finally, the distribution of the Nusselt number highlights that more than 60% of total heat transfer occurs within the initial one-third of the porous block length. Significantly, a notable portion of the porous ligaments experiences insufficient cooling due to positive flow leakage, underlining the critical implications of these findings for the understanding of turbulent momentum exchange and heat transfer in a composite porous-fluid system.
True exponentially enhanced sensing in the non-Hermitian topological phase
Authors: Zhang Rui , Chen Tian
Published: April 2024

Non-Hermitian systems have been employed to construct a high-sensitivity sensor. To evaluate the performance of the sensors, the quantum Fisher information per photon, or equivalently signal-to-noise ratio per photon, is provided as a “true” sensing criterion, which avoids the trivial contribution from the photon numbers. The specific properties of non-Hermitian systems, e.g., exceptional points and skin effect, have been connected to the true exponentially enhanced sensing performance. To date, the relation between the non-Hermitian topological phase and the true sensing performance has not been reported clearly. Here, we construct the high-sensitivity sensor based on the non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger lattice and establish the relationship between the exponentially enhanced sensing and the non-Hermitian topologically nontrivial phase. The saturation of sensing with the size emerges in the sense of one perturbation. Such a limitation can be surpassed through the change of incident positions of driving fields, and the exponentially enhanced sensing reappears.
An improved wall boiling model for numerical simulation of subcooled flow boiling on a new hybrid micro/nanostructured surface
Authors: Yu Yitian , Huang Shenghong , Zhou Zhanru , Li Guangxi , Fang Xiande
Published: April 2024

Previous studies have demonstrated that micro/nanostructured surfaces have great potential for heat transfer enhancement. However, simulating subcooled flow boiling on such surfaces is difficult owing to the lack of proper bubble characteristic parameter models, because most models used in flow boiling simulations were developed based on smooth surface conditions, which may limit their applications in engineering design. In this study, we improved upon one validated bubble characteristic parameter model suitable for subcooled flow boiling on smooth surfaces to adapt to the new hybrid micro/nanostructured surfaces proposed by Huang et al. [“Experimental investigation of a new hybrid structured surface for subcooled flow boiling heat transfer enhancement,” Appl. Therm. Eng. 192, 116929 (2021)]. The new bubble characteristic parameter model incorporates both basic correction terms to account for boiling bubble behaviors and ad hoc parameters to account for other unknown effects. Through sensitivity analysis and detailed calibration, the model was simplified to a set of correlations and only one constant parameter. With this improved model, subcooled flow boiling heat transfer simulations were conducted for three target surface specifications under conditions of 4–10 MW/m2 incident heat flux and 1–5 m/s flow velocity and the related heat-transfer mechanisms were further compared and discussed. The maximum error between the simulation and experimental results remains less than 3.5%, indicating that the established model has considerable accuracy in predicting the heat transfer performance for this type of micro/nanostructured surface in high-heat-flux engineering design applications. The heat transfer enhancement for subcooled flow boiling on this type of hybrid micro/nanostructured surface is greatly beneficial owing to its proper organization of convection, evaporation, and quenching heat transfer.
Repulsive Casimir force from a Majorana zero-mode
Authors: Beenakker C. W. J.
Published: April 2024

Fu and Kane have taught us that a Majorana zero-mode appears on the quantum spin Hall edge at the interface with a superconductor. If a magnetic scatterer is placed on the edge, the zero-point energy of massless edge excitations exerts a force on the scatterer. This is the fermionic analog of the electromagnetic Casimir effect. We show that the Majorana zero-mode produces a repulsive Casimir force, pushing the scatterer away from the superconductor. Unlike some other signatures of Majorana zero-modes, the repulsive Casimir force is directly tied to the topological invariant of the system (the sign of the determinant of the reflection matrix from the superconductor).
Impacting dynamics of nanodroplets on superhydrophobic surfaces decorated by a ridge
Authors: Cai Zhi-Hui , Wang Yi-Feng , Zhang Ben-Xi , Jia Qi-Hui , Yang Yan-Ru , Zheng Shao-Fei , Lee Duu-Jong , Wang Xiao-Dong
Published: April 2024

Reducing the contact time of impacting nanodroplets is of fundamental interest and importance due to its promising potential in various engineering applications, such as self-cleaning and anti-icing. In this work, nanodroplets impacting superhydrophobic surfaces decorated by a rectangular ridge are studied over a wide range of Weber number (We) and different sizes of the ridge via molecular dynamics. Six bouncing modes have been distinguished. The usage of the rectangular ridge significantly enhances the bouncing performance of nanodroplets, including enlarging the We range for bouncing and reducing the contact time. It is especially found that the rectangular ridge leads to an increased contact time compared with the flat surface in the moderate We region. The underlying mechanism of the differential effect of the rectangular ridge on the contact time is compressively elucidated by the retraction dynamics of distinct bouncing modes. Subsequently, the retraction models considering different retraction characteristics are developed for the unsplit case. To promote a universal understanding of the effect of the ridge on the retraction dynamics of nanodroplets, several typical ridge shapes (triangular, cylinder, and semi-circular) are further considered. The retraction models are extended and verified to consider the effect of the ridge shape by introducing the equivalent structure parameters. Based on such a universal understanding, a newly designed shoot-shaped ridge is proposed and can considerably reduce the contact time of unsplit nanodroplets in the moderate We region.