bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen reduces hepatic VLDL production and GH secretion in women: a possible mechanism for steatosis development
Authors: Birzniece Vita , Barrett P Hugh R , Ho Ken K Y
Published: May 2017

Context

Growth hormone (GH) stimulates hepatic synthesis of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), whereas hepatic steatosis develops as a result of GH deficiency. Steatosis is also a complication of tamoxifen treatment, the cause of which is not known. As tamoxifen inhibits the secretion and action of GH, we hypothesize that it induces steatosis by inhibiting hepatic VLDL export.

Aim

To investigate whether tamoxifen reduces hepatic VLDL secretion.

Design

Eight healthy, normolipidemic women (age: 64.4 ± 2.1 years) were studied in random sequence at baseline, after 2 weeks of tamoxifen (20 mg/day) and after 2 weeks of estradiol valerate (EV; 2 mg/day) treatments, separated by a 4-week washout period. The kinetics of apolipoprotein B (apoB), the structural protein of VLDL particles, were measured using a stable isotope 2H3-leucine turnover technique. VLDL-apoB fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was determined using a multicompartment model. VLDL-apoB secretion was estimated as the product of FCR and VLDL-apoB concentration. GH response to arginine stimulation, circulating levels of IGF-1, FFA, and TG, along with TG content in VLDL were measured.

Results

Tamoxifen significantly (P < 0.05) reduced VLDL-apoB concentration and secretion by 27.3 ± 7.8% and 29.8 ± 10.2%, respectively. In contrast, EV did not significantly change VLDL-apoB concentration or secretion. Tamoxifen but not EV significantly reduced (P < 0.05) GH response to arginine stimulation. Both treatments significantly lowered (P < 0.05) circulating IGF-1.

Conclusion

Inhibition of VLDL secretion may contribute to the development of fatty liver during tamoxifen therapy. As GH stimulates VLDL secretion, the development of steatosis may arise secondarily from GH insufficiency induced by tamoxifen.
The most common vices of men can damage fertility and the health of the next generation
Authors: Fullston Tod , McPherson Nicole O , Zander-Fox Deirdre , Lane Michelle
Published: May 2017

Animal and human studies demonstrate that acquired paternal traits can impair both a male’s fertility and the health of his offspring, including advanced age, smoking, stress, trauma, under-nutrition, infection, toxin exposure, and obesity. Many of these factors lead to similar changes to neurological, behavioural, and/or metabolic functioning in offspring. The molecular mechanisms that both respond to the paternal environment and act to transmit traits to offspring are beginning to emerge. This review focuses on three vices of men (alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, and tobacco smoking) that damage fertility and pose risks to offspring health. These vices are not only the three most prevalent but are also leading risk factors for death and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide. Moreover, given that these vices are predominantly self-inflicted, interventions aimed at mitigating their consequences are readily identified.
Hepatic thyroid signaling of heat-stressed late pregnant and early lactating cows
Authors: Weitzel Joachim M , Viergutz Torsten , Albrecht Dirk , Bruckmaier Rupert , Schmicke Marion , Tuchscherer Armin , Koch Franziska , Kuhla Björn
Published: May 2017

During the transition between late gestation and early lactation, dairy cows experience severe metabolic stress due to the high energy and nutrient requirements of the fetus and the mammary gland. Additional thermal stress that occurs with rising temperatures during the ongoing climate change has further adverse implications on energy intake, metabolism and welfare. The thyroid hormone (TH)-mediated cellular signaling has a pivotal role in regulation of body temperature, energy intake and metabolic adaptation to heat. To distinguish between energy intake and heat stress-related effects, Holstein cows were first kept at thermoneutrality at 15°C followed by exposure to heat stress (HS) at 28°C or pair-feeding (PF) at 15°C for 6 days, in late pregnancy and again in early lactation. Herein, we focused on hepatic metabolic changes associated with alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis in HS and PF animals. T3and T4levels dropped with HS or PF; however, in HS animals, this decline was more pronounced. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels remain unaffected, while plasma cholesterol concentrations were lower in HS than PF animals. Hepatic marker genes for TH action (THRA,DIO1andPPARGC1) decreased after HS and were lower compared to PF cows but only post-partum. Proteomics data revealed reduced hepatic amino acid catabolism ante-partum and a shift toward activated beta-oxidation and gluconeogenesis but declined oxidative stress defense post-partum. Thus, liver metabolism of HS and PF cows adapts differently to diminished energy intake both ante-partum and post-partum, and a different TH sensitivity is involved in the regulation of catabolic processes.
Effects of the Ordering of Natural Selection and Population Regulation Mechanisms on Wright-Fisher Models
Authors: He Zhangyi , Beaumont Mark , Yu Feng
Published: May 2017

We explore the effect of different mechanisms of natural selection on the evolution of populations for one- and two-locus systems. We compare the effect of viability and fecundity selection in the context of the Wright-Fisher model with selection under the assumption of multiplicative fitness. We show that these two modes of natural selection correspond to different orderings of the processes of population regulation and natural selection in the Wright-Fisher model. We find that under the Wright-Fisher model these two different orderings can affect the distribution of trajectories of haplotype frequencies evolving with genetic recombination. However, the difference in the distribution of trajectories is only appreciable when the population is in significant linkage disequilibrium. We find that as linkage disequilibrium decays the trajectories for the two different models rapidly become indistinguishable. We discuss the significance of these findings in terms of biological examples of viability and fecundity selection, and speculate that the effect may be significant when factors such as gene migration maintain a degree of linkage disequilibrium.
Manipulating the Mitochondrial Genome To Enhance Cattle Embryo Development
Authors: Srirattana Kanokwan , St. John Justin C
Published: May 2017

The mixing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the donor cell and the recipient oocyte in embryos and offspring derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) compromises genetic integrity and affects embryo development. We set out to generate SCNT embryos that inherited their mtDNA from the recipient oocyte only, as is the case following natural conception. While SCNT blastocysts produced from Holstein (Bos taurus) fibroblasts were depleted of their mtDNA, and oocytes derived from Angus (Bos taurus) cattle possessed oocyte mtDNA only, the coexistence of donor cell and oocyte mtDNA resulted in blastocysts derived from nondepleted cells. Moreover, the use of the reprogramming agent, Trichostatin A (TSA), further improved the development of embryos derived from depleted cells. RNA-seq analysis highlighted 35 differentially expressed genes from the comparison between blastocysts generated from nondepleted cells and blastocysts from depleted cells, both in the presence of TSA. The only differences between these two sets of embryos were the presence of donor cell mtDNA, and a significantly higher mtDNA copy number for embryos derived from nondepleted cells. Furthermore, the use of TSA on embryos derived from depleted cells positively modulated the expression of CLDN8, TMEM38A, and FREM1, which affect embryonic development. In conclusion, SCNT embryos produced by mtDNA depleted donor cells have the same potential to develop to the blastocyst stage without the presumed damaging effect resulting from the mixture of donor and recipient mtDNA.
When César Chávez and Dolores Huerta Came to Napa
Authors: Soto Lilia
Published: May 2017

This story is seemingly about César Chávez, Dolores Huerta, and an event in the Napa Valley. The event involved the unveiling of two statues commemorating the historic presence of these Chicana/o freedom fighters in the valley. Yet as Michel-Rolph Trouillot argues, in historical accounts, there is always a story within a story. This essay aims to examine the layered narratives that surrounded this event and the purposes served by this particular commemoration. It offers a broader critique of how historical commemorations can compartmentalize the past and constrict the present, and how selective celebration of a sanitized version of historical social justice struggles can protect and perpetuate injustice in the present.
Black-\`BLAK\
Authors: Keys Venise L.
Published: May 2017

On November 5, 2016, hundreds of people convened at the historical landmark of Chicano Park in Barrio Logan, San Diego, to celebrate the life of one of the community’s most revered elders, Ramón “Chunky” Moroyoqui Sánchez. Nuestro querido maestro falleció el día 28 de octubre de 2016. Sánchez, endearingly known as Chunky, was synonymous with Barrio Logan, Chicano Park, Chicano/a music, and San Diego in general. In this city, an auditorium is named in his honor. His image is incorporated in murals. The Chicano comedy troupe Culture Clash developed a vignette about Chunky, and upon his passing the San Diego Chargers’ website featured him in a blog post that included a photo of him with players and cheerleaders. Chunky was also well known beyond the Imperial Valley. The music of Los Alacranes Mojados (the group he started with his brother, Ricardo Sánchez) continues to be embraced in Mexicano/a and Chicano/a communities throughout California and the Southwest. The news of Sánchez’s passing reverberated throughout California like the violent ripples of a pond into which a boulder has been dropped. Ese vato will be missed.
Teacher’s Study Guide for Becoming Ourselves: How Immigrant Women Transformed Their World
Authors: Women Advocates Asian Immigrant
Published: May 2017

Becoming Ourselves: How Immigrant Women Transformed Their World is a film directed by Gary Delgado. It explores how the Community Transformational Organizing Strategy (CTOS) of Asian Immigrant Women Advocates (AIWA), a community-based labor organization in Oakland, California, enables low-wage, limited-English-speaking, immigrant women workers to redefine the meaning of leadership and to deepen our society’s capacity for democracy. AIWA has been an inspiration to hundreds of workers in the garment, electronics, restaurant, nail care, and home care industries of the Bay Area, and the organization’s CTOS method has been an influential model for many activist organizations. The film features testimony from rank-and-file workers active in AIWA as well as from present and former staff members speaking about the organization’s history of education, organization, and mobilization. This guide is designed to help teachers incorporate Becoming Ourselves into college courses in ethnic studies, women’s studies, sociology, and politics. It is meant to promote interactive, student-centered engagement so that the film becomes a learning tool and not merely a spectacle.
Desgarro del recto femoral tipo "degloving". Resolucion
Authors: Ghisi Juan Pablo , Maquirriain Javier
Published: May 2017

Resolucion de caso: desgarro de recto femoral. Degloving.
Desgarro del recto femoral tipo "degloving" - Presentación
Authors: Ghisi Juan Pablo , Maquirriain Javier
Published: May 2017

Se presenta un caso poco frecuente de desgarro del recto femoral en deportista. Degloving.
Second year medical students’ feedback on teaching-learning methodologies and evaluation methods in Pharmacology: a questionnaire based study
Authors: Konda Vijaya Chandra Reddy , Bhanu Prakash G. , Subash K. R. , Rao K. Umamaheswara
Published: May 2017

Background: Pharmacology enables medical students with the art of rational prescriptions of drugs. It is one of the rapidly evolving subjects in medical sciences. The purpose of the study was to assess whether teaching-learning methodologies and evaluation methods are supporting the curriculum goals and what modifications can be made for the benefit of medical students.Methods: After approval by the Institutional Ethics Committee the study was carried out in January-February 2017. A total of 128 students of 2nd MBBS were administered a pre-validated questionnaire after explaining the purpose of the study. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis of data. Frequency was expressed as percentage.Results: A total response rate of 93.75% was observed. Most of the students mentioned cardiovascular system (20.8%) as the most interesting topic. 78.3% preferred teaching by use of combination of both audio-visual aids and chalk and board. Majority of the students rated practical classes as similar to theory (34.2%). 91.7% students mentioned that seminars are useful to them. 95% of students are interested in continuation of the integrated classes conducted at the end of each chapter. 98.3% of students for written tests and 90% for viva voce responded positively for the need of such periodic evaluation in addition to university prescribed evaluations. 95% students mentioned that field visits helps them in better understanding of pharmacology.Conclusions: The present study helped us to elicit student preferences regarding teaching and evaluation methods in pharmacology. Implementation of the same would be helpful for better outcome of students.
Prevalence of microorganisms causing catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) among catheterised patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: M. Vinoth , R. Prabagaravarthanan , M. Bhaskar
Published: May 2017

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Indian subjects, affecting all age groups. Bacteriuria orcandiduria is almost inevitable in nearly half of the patients who require an indwelling urinary catheter for more than 5 days. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of CAUTI infection and to determine their antibiotic profileMethods: The present cross-sectional study included 50 patients admitted to medicine and surgery wards in our hospital. The urine from catheter is collected from each patient and subjected to culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing.Results: The prevalence of catheter associated urinary tract infection in our hospital is about 20% and asymptomatic bacterial colonization is 50% which is nearequal to Danchaivijitr S et al study. The common pathogens found in this study are Escherichia coli (22%), Klebsiella (18%), Enterobacter (8%), Staph. aureus (6%) which include MRSA (4%), Pseudomonas (6%), Enterococcus (4%), Candida sps. (4%) Andproteus (2%).Conclusions: CAUTI has low prevalence 20% and asymptomatic colonisation 50% in our hospital with common pathogen being Escherichia coli. It is one of the important notable pathogen causing nosocomial infection among admitted patients. The patients present mainly as asymptomatic bacterial colonisation and risk of CAUTI increases with longer duration of catheterisation. All patients those who had catheter for more than 6 days, aged 60 and above, should be checked for UTI symptoms. And their urine should be cultured regularly in order to diagnose and prevent CAUTI and its complications which are very dangerous and difficult to treat.
Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among patients admitted in critical care units in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: V. Arunkumar , R. Prabagaravarthanan , M. Bhaskar
Published: May 2017

Background: The emergence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in hospital leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Hence the present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of MRSA in critical care units (CCUs) at our centre. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of MRSA infections in CCUs, to determine their antibiotic profile. And to screen for MRSA in the environment of CCUs in order to find whether they act as a source of infection.Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 100 patients admitted to various CCUs in our hospital. The clinical specimens (urine, Sputum, pus, blood and CSF) were collected from the admitted patients along with environmental samples from these CCUs. Two samples were collected from each patient and subjected to culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing.Results: 168 samples from 100 patients were processed. Out of which five pus samples from five different patients admitted in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) were positive for MRSA infection showing 5% prevalence in CCUs. All MRSA strains were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Out of 30 environmental swabs, 1 swab taken from paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) showed positivity for MRSA (3%).Conclusions: CCUs in our hospital have shown 5% prevalence of MRSA among the admitted patients. There was no correlation between environmental MRSA presence and infection in the samples from patient.
Comparative study of CURB-65, Pneumonia Severity Index and IDSA/ATS scoring systems in community acquired pneumonia in an Indian tertiary care setting
Authors: Madhu S. , Augustine Sabu , Ravi Kumar Y. S. , Kauser M. M. Kauser , Kumar S. R. Vagesh , Jayaraju B. S.
Published: May 2017

Background: Few comparative studies regarding prognostic scoring systems for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) are available from Indian context.Methods: Hospital-based prospective study to test the comparison between confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, age over 65 years (CURB-65), Pneumonia severity index (PSI) and infectious diseases society of America/American thoracic society criteria (IDSA/ATS) scoring systems in patients with community acquired pneumonia.Results: CURB-65 class ≥III, PSI class ≥IV and patients who needed admission to intensive care unit (ICU) based on IDSA/ATS criteria were having sensitivity of 41.7%, 91.7% and 87.5% in predicting ICU admission with a specificity of 89.5%, 59.2% and 73.7% respectively. Their sensitivity in predicting death were 44.4%, 88.9% and 83.3% with a specificity of 87.8%, 54.9% and 68.3% respectively. In both PSI score and IDSA/ATS criteria risk scoring systems, mortality rate, need for ICU admission increased progressively with increasing scores but CURB-65 score did not show this correlation. The PSI class ≥IV was more sensitive in predicting ICU admission than CURB-65 and IDSA/ATS criteria.Conclusions: PSI was most sensitive in both predicting ICU admission and death whereas CURB-65 is most specific in predicting ICU admission and death. But CURB-65 is least sensitive in both predicting ICU admission and death. Even though IDSA/ATS criteria did not have highest sensitivity and specificity as single criteria it had modest sensitivity and specificity in predicting ICU admission and death.
Disseminated tuberculosis in a Nigerian child: making a case for active contact tracing
Authors: Ijezie Echey , Essien Ruth Ekomobong , Ijezie Augustina Elochukwu
Published: May 2017

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem globally, especially in developing countries. Every day, up to 200 children (aged less than 15 years) lose their lives to tuberculosis – a preventable and curable disease. Disseminated TB is a potentially life-threatening form of TB, and it is common in infants and children. Contact tracing and the examination of household contacts, particularly of known sputum smear-positive cases, is highly effective in tuberculosis control. Unfortunately, in many high-burden countries, little effort is directed towards identifying contacts of newly diagnosed TB patients. Indeed, TB contact investigations are rarely and inconsistently carried out in resource-limited settings. This failure places children at significant risk. A case of disseminated TB in a child is herein reported, aiming to highlight the pertinent aspects of the history, clinical presentation and outcome, which ultimately underscore the need for active contact tracing. Contact tracing must be strongly advocated for, as this will go a very long way in reducing the burden of childhood TB.
A study on the morbidity pattern in adolescent school girls
Authors: Sinha Shivani , Gupta Pratibha , Sachan Beena , Kumar Sanjay , Kumari Seema
Published: May 2017

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined adolescence as the age group of 10-19 years. According to World Health Organisation, adolescents constitute about one fifth of the world population, and in India they constitute about 21% of the total population. Adolescent girls are the worst sufferers of various forms of malnutrition because of their increased nutritional needs and low social power. If their nutritional needs are not met, they are likely to give birth to undernourished children, thus transmitting under nutrition to future generation. Objective was to study the various socio-demographic factors affecting the nutritional status in adolescent girls. Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was carried out in Lucknow district. Adolescent girls of age groups 10-19 years were included in the study. Data was collected, compiled and tabulated using Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS 17.0 version for calculation of percentages. Results: Rural background, low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, birth rate and order, income and number of members in a family have shown to be significant determinants of morbidity pattern in the adolescent girls. Conclusions: Among the various morbidities eye problem was seen in maximum no of adolescent girls. Eye problem was present in 31% of adolescent girls followed by respiratory (12.8%) and ear (11.5%) disease. Skin disease was present in 3.1% of adolescent girls, which was more in rural girls than in urban girls, may be due to better hygienic practice in urban school girls.
To study surgical outcome of various surgical procedures of lateral release in valgus knee in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Patel Ankit , Shah Hiren , Shah Aalok , Gajjar Sharvil Hetavbhai , Shah Ripple , Shah Suril
Published: May 2017

Background: Fixed valgus deformity presents a major challenge in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), especially in moderate or severe cases. In knee arthritis, fixed-varus deformity (50 to 55%) is three times more frequent than fixed-valgus deformity (10 to 15%). Valgus deformity occurs more commonly in rheumatoid arthritis and also in osteoarthritis with hypoplasia of the lateral femoral condyle. Valgus deformity is often associated with flexion or external rotation contracture of the knee. In this study we aim to study the surgical outcome of total knee replacement in valgus deformity via standard medial parapatellar approach using various techniques like Pie –Crusting release of lateral structures or combined technique of pie crusting and standard release of lateral structures. Aim: To evaluate surgical outcome of various surgical techniques via standard medial parapatellar approach in fixed valgus deformity in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Methods: The present study involved both male and female patients with osteoarthritis of knee with valgus deformity. In present series, 26 consecutive patients of osteoarthritis with valgus deformity operated with total knee replacement were included. Previously operated cases of high tibial osteotomy and patients having contraindication for TKA were excluded from the study.

Results: Valgus angle in this study was between 13 to 27 degree with average 17.84 degree. These results were comparable to many such similar studies. In our study, post operatively, knee society score was average 87.69 and function knee score was 82.5. Mean range of motion was 105 degree. In our study, mean tibiofemoral alignment improved from 17.84 valgus to 4.7 valgus.

Conclusions: Knee society score is excellent with both techniques and there is no difference in both techniques Iliotibial band and posterolateral capsule are most common structures that require release. Initial ligament balancing should be done with pie crusting and then sequential lateral release if require. 
Análisis de patentes como aproximación al diseño conceptual del proceso de obtención de jarabe de lactosuero
Authors: Gómez-Soto James Andrés , Sánchez-Toro Óscar Julián , Benavides-Salazar Ximena
Published: May 2017

Mediante la revisión de patentes en la base de datos (BD) de Espacenet y la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio de Colombia (SIC), se identificaron las tendencias tecnológicas de acuerdo a la producción de jarabe edulcorante o aprovechamiento del lactosuero teniendo como base de búsqueda la combinación de diferentes palabras en inglés y español, las mejores opciones fueron “whey” y “suero”. En la BD de Espacenet se encontraron 119 documentos de patentes, donde solo tres documentos presentan características de producción de jarabe edulcorante y el restante se orientan al aprovechamiento del lactosuero, su proteína y el proceso o la obtención, determinación y usos de la lactasa (β-galactosidasa). En la BD de la SIC se encontraron 109 documentos de patente, ninguna de ella tiene relación con la producción de jarabe edulcorante o transformación de la lactosa y una pequeña cantidad se orienta al aprovechamiento de lactosuero. La mayoría de patentes se han publicado en el periodo de los año 2001-2010, siendo Estados Unidos (EU) el país que más patentes ha generado con respecto al aprovechamiento del lactosuero.Palabras claves: patente, invención, jarabe, concesión.
Conocimiento y uso del lenguaje matemático en la formación inicial de docentes en matemáticas
Authors: Hernández-Suárez César Augusto , Prada-Núñez Raúl , Gamboa-Suárez Audin Aloiso
Published: May 2017

Este artículo analiza los niveles de competencias en el conocimiento y uso del lenguaje matemático que poseen y emplean los estudiantes durante su  formación inicial en la carrera de docencia en matemáticas, en una universidad pública colombiana. La investigación se propone establecer el nivel de conocimiento y uso del lenguaje matemático entre estos estudiantes, qué nivel de habilidad matemática emplean y su competencia para comunicar por escrito sus conocimientos. El diseño de la investigación es descriptivo y de campo, para lo cual se empleó como muestra un grupo de 92 estudiantes de un programa de formación inicial de docentes que cursan las asignaturas del eje disciplinar de matemáticas. Sobre la base de la resolución escrita de problemas se determinó el nivel de conocimiento y uso del lenguaje matemático empleado por los estudiantes. Los resultados muestran desconocimiento y mal uso del lenguaje y la simbología matemática, de las reglas de la lógica y escasa capacidad de razonamiento, lo cual genera dificultades para comprender y resolver problemas matemáticos. Se determinó asimismo que los estudiantes presentan mayores dificultades en la traducción del lenguaje cotidiano al formal, en la identificación de objetos matemáticos y en el trabajo con conceptos que ameritan demostraciones lógicas. Los estudiantes poseen un nivel insuficiente de conocimiento y uso del lenguaje matemático, habilidad matemática también baja y mayor competencia para descifrar el lenguaje matemático hacia el verbal que en cifrar lenguaje verbal en lenguaje matemático.
Monitoreo volcánico usando plataformas Arduino y Simulink
Authors: Altamirano-Santillán Edwin Vinicio , Vallejo-Vallejo Geovanny Estuardo , Cruz-Hurtado Juan Carlos
Published: May 2017

El monitoreo de la actividad volcánica es una preocupación importante en aquellos países con alto grado de sismicidad. El principal inconveniente es el alto costo de la instrumentación requerida para vigilar el comportamiento de los volcanes, lo cual limita el acceso a información actualizada que permita realizar actividades de prevención. En este trabajo se presenta la implementación de la adquisición de dos variables asociadas al monitoreo volcánico, usando un Arduino y la herramienta Simulink de Matlab. Se implementó un medidor de inclinación o movimiento, que permite medir las deformaciones del edificio volcánico y las posibles sacudidas que pudieran existir de su cono, entre otras aplicaciones. Igualmente se implementó un medidor de temperatura con una termoresistencia PT100. La experimentación permitió comprobar la funcionalidad de los medidores de inclinación y temperatura, arrojando resultados satisfactorios y con errores relativos adecuados. Lo anterior permite concluir que el empleo de Simulink para la programación del Arduino posibilita la simulación y evaluación de los modelos, directamente sobre la placa de Arduino durante el proceso de diseño, con las ventajas que brinda esta alternativa en el ahorro de tiempo y simplicidad en la programación del dispositivo.
Zig-Zag matrix for resolvable nested balanced incomplete block designs
Authors: Saka A. Jamiu , Adeleke B. Lateef , Jaiyeola T. Gbolahan
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a method of construction of designs which utilizes special matrix structures referred to as Zig-zag. The Zig-zag matrix structures give rise to initial blocks for resolvable nested balanced incomplete block designs (RNBIBDs). The construction of the designs for \((v)\) treatment number being a perfect square with specific interest on \((k)\) block size as a prime number are presented. The designs constructed are of high efficiency with minimum blocks. A generalized information matrix is also obtained.
Pregnancy Outcomes in HIV-Infected Women: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Dadhwal, MD Vatsla , Sharma, MD Aparna , Khoiwal, MD Kavita , Deka, MD Dipika , Sarkar, MD Plaboni , Vanamail, MPS, PhD P.
Published: May 2017

Background and Objectives: There is conflicting data on the effect of HIV infection as well as antiretroviral therapy (ART) on pregnancy outcome. The objectives of this study were to compare pregnancy outcomes in women with and without HIV infection, and to evaluate the effect of HAART on pregnancy in HIV-infected women.Methods: This is a prospective case record analysis of 212 HIV-infected women delivering between 2002 and 2015, in a tertiary health care center in India. The pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected women was compared to 238 HIV-uninfected controls. Women received ART for prevention of mother to child transmission as per protocol which varied during the period of study. Effect of use of ART on preterm birth (PTB) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was analyzed.Results: HIV-infected women were more likely to have PTB, IUGR, and anemia (9.4%, 9.9%, 5.2%) compared to uninfected women (7.6%, 5%, 3.8%), this did not reach statistical significance (P-value = >0.05). The incidence of PIH, diabetes mellitus and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was similar in both groups. Mean birth weight was significantly lower in neonates of HIV-infected women (2593.60±499g) than HIV-uninfected women (2919±459g) [P-value=0.001]. neonatal intensive care unit admissions were also significantly higher in infants born to HIV-infected women (P-value=0.002). HIV-infected women on ART had decreased incidence of PTB and IUGR.Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Good antenatal care and multidisciplinary team approach can optimize pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women.Key words: Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Preterm Birth • Intrauterine Growth Restriction • Antiretroviral Therapy© 2017 Dadhwal et al.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com-mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Agrohidronegócio e dinâmicas territoriais em Rondônia
Authors: Almeida Ricarte Carlos Alberto de , Costa Silva Ricardo Gilson da
Published: May 2017

O início do século XXI manifesta a expansão do agrohidronegócio em Rondônia, no qual o uso estratégico da terra e da água se coloca como ativo econômico na dinâmica territorial da acumulação do capital. Assim, analisa-se o agronegócio da soja no sul rondoniense e a construção de sistemas de objetos (portos e hidrovia) que possibilitam a fluidez territorial, ao tempo que articula a importância do rio Madeira nessa nova dinâmica territorial no norte rondoniense. Conclui-se que a geografia local está cada vez mais pressionada pelas variáveis externas, qualificando os lugares como manifestação da totalidade mundo, quando se considera o processo de produção de commodities na região. Agrohidronegócio, Dinâmicas territoriais, Rondônia.
Sequential calibration of a water quality model using reach-specific parameter estimates
Authors: Chaudhary Shushobhit , Dhanya C. T. , Kumar Arun
Published: May 2017

Calibration is the most critical phase in any water quality modelling process. This study proposes a sequential calibration methodology for any water quality model using reach-specific estimates of model parameters, which would aid in the improved prediction of river water quality characteristics. The proposed methodology accounts for the heterogeneity of river reaches, i.e., diverse characteristics of different reaches on the river stretch. The water quality model, QUAL2K, is coupled with MATLAB, a computing platform, to facilitate sequential estimation of reach-wise model parameters using a grid-based weighted average optimization. The Delhi segment of the Yamuna River is selected as study river stretch. Observations of water quality variables, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand are used to calibrate and validate QUAL2K. Desirable performance measures are obtained during the calibration and the validation period. The methodology proves superior to the existing calibration methodologies applied over the study region. The proposed technique also captures the system behaviour effectively, through a systematic, efficient and user-friendly way. The proposed approach is expected to aid decision-makers in formulating better reach-wise management decisions and treatment policies by providing a simpler and efficient way to simulate water quality parameters.
Evaluation of water efficiency programs in single-family households in the UK: a case study
Authors: Manouseli D. , Kayaga S. M. , Kalawsky R.
Published: May 2017

Current water supply worldwide is facing growing pressure as a result of climate change and increasing water demand due to growing population and lifestyle changes. The traditional way of fulfilling the growing demand–supply gap by seeking new water supply options such as exploiting new fresh water resources and investing in the expansion of infrastructure is no longer considered environmentally or economically sustainable. A diverse portfolio of water efficiency measures is now a requirement for the majority of water companies in the UK. This paper presents results from a statistical analysis of a unique water efficiency program case study. The study evaluates the effectiveness of installing water-saving devices in single-family households in areas where a major UK water supply company operates. Using multilevel models, the study accurately measures the water savings achieved through the efficiency program and defines the factors that affect a household's potential to save water. Analysis illustrated a mean 7% decrease in consumption, explicitly attributable to the efficiency program. Research findings provide strong evidence that single resident and financially stretched households have a bigger potential to conserve water than larger and more affluent ones and also highlight the robustness of multilevel analysis, even in cases of data limitations.
Como se guardam os guardas? Limites institucionais à independência judicial no Brasil e na Espanha
Authors: De Carvalho Alexandre Douglas Zaidan
Published: May 2017

As expectativas criadas com a institucionalização dos Conselhos de Justiça em experiências constitucionais pós-autoritárias sugerem parâmetros comuns para a compreensão da atividade do Poder Judiciário. Por outro lado, apesar do avanço dos estudos empíricos sobre o sistema de justiça no Brasil, as análises predominantes da independência judicial seguem orientadas pelo dogma de que conferir mais autonomia aos juízes significaria, consequentemente, ampliar o espaço da realização dos direitos. Aproximando-se do desenho institucional e do perfil de funcionamento dos Conselhos de Justiça no Brasil e na Espanha, este artigo indica que a preservação da estrutura corporativa aliada ao déficit da articulação entre independência e accountability tem contribuído para a disfuncionalidade de tais órgãos, em prejuízo da imagem de todo o Poder Judiciário.
Violência simbólica no trabalho: análise da demanda judicial de assédio moral no estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Bender Mateus
Published: May 2017

Analisa-se o assédio moral no trabalho como uma forma extrema de violência simbólica, suave e/ou invisível, até então naturalizado no ambiente de trabalho, passando a ser reconhecido e enfrentado socialmente. A problemática central do artigo é a relação entre indicadores sociais, econômicos e culturais e demandas judiciais de assédio moral no trabalho, analisados a partir de decisões judiciais do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa contabilizou 9.858 decisões sobre assédio moral, oriundos desse Tribunal Regionais e originados de 55 (cinquenta e cinco) municípios gaúchos, entre os anos de 2001, quando da primeira decisão, até 2014, fim da pesquisa. Estimada uma taxa de decisões judiciais sobre assédio moral (Tdjam), por município, foi realizada a correlação com 90 (noventa) indicadores sociais, econômicos e culturais, com o objetivo de determinar sua relação com dimensões como educação, formalização laboral, urbanização e desenvolvimento social, modernidade e tecnologia. De modo geral, os resultados apontaram como determinante para a correlação da demanda judicial de assédio moral no trabalho as condições de desenvolvimento social, econômico e político nos municípios avaliados; em contrapartida, a precariedade das condições de vida dos habitantes originam pouca demanda judicial.
The Full 9 Stepped Cycle of Proton Conductance and the Two Basic Electron, Proton Dependent Metabolic Reaction System of Obtaining of ATP
Authors: M. Ambaga
Published: May 2017

During last 4 billion years had been formed and developed two basic metabolic electron, proton dependent reaction system of obtaining of ATP to maintain a living processes.

The first reaction system of obtaining of ATP was the slow developed bioenergy accumulating system of early evolution times (2 billion years ago) as “Donator molecules as water molecules + ADP + Pi + H+ + nH + memb.space = ATP + nH +O2 formation and the shortage of membrane redox potentials three - state line system, lack of O2 acceptor utilization regulations”.

The second reaction system of obtaining of ATP was a more powerful energy accumulating systems as “Donator molecules (glucose, aminoacids, fatty acids) + membrane redox potentials three - state line system + acceptor as O2 + ADP + Pi + H+ + nH + memb.space = (ATP + heat energy) + H2O + nH + matrix + CO2” (Ambaga & Tumen-Ulzii, 2015).

Without the second electron, proton dependent reaction system of obtaining of ATP as a more powerful energy accumulating systems as “Donators (glucose, aminoacids, fatty acids) + membrane redox potentials three - state line system + acceptor as O2 + ADP + Pi + H+ + nH + memb.space = (ATP + heat energy) + H2O + nH + matrix + CO2”, it was impossible to wait the appearance of Animal Kingdom according to taxonomy of Linnaeus.
Glucose Peaks and the Risk of Dementia and 20-Year Cognitive Decline
Authors: Rawlings Andreea M. , Sharrett A. Richey , Mosley Thomas H. , Ballew Shoshana H. , Deal Jennifer A. , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a measure of average blood glucose level, is associated with the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment. However, the role of glycemic variability or glucose excursions in this association is unclear. We examined the association of glucose peaks in midlife, as determined by the measurement of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) level, with the risk of dementia and 20-year cognitive decline.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Nearly 13,000 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were examined. Dementia was ascertained from surveillance, neuropsychological testing, telephone calls with participants or their proxies, or death certificate dementia codes. Cognitive function was assessed using three neuropsychological tests at three visits over 20 years and was summarized as z scores. We used Cox and linear mixed-effects models. 1,5-AG level was dichotomized at 10 μg/mL and examined within clinical categories of HbA1c.

RESULTS

Over a median time of 21 years, dementia developed in 1,105 participants. Among persons with diabetes, each 5 μg/mL decrease in 1,5-AG increased the estimated risk of dementia by 16% (hazard ratio 1.16, P = 0.032). For cognitive decline among participants with diabetes and HbA1c <7% (53 mmol/mol), those with glucose peaks had a 0.19 greater z score decline over 20 years (P = 0.162) compared with those without peaks. Among participants with diabetes and HbA1c ≥7% (53 mmol/mol), those with glucose peaks had a 0.38 greater z score decline compared with persons without glucose peaks (P < 0.001). We found no significant associations in persons without diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

Among participants with diabetes, glucose peaks are a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. Targeting glucose peaks, in addition to average glycemia, may be an important avenue for prevention.
PERBEDAAN PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL ANAK USIA 3-6 TAHUN DENGAN PENDIDIKAN USIA DINI DAN TANPA PENDIDIKAN USIA DINI DI KECAMATAN PETERONGAN JOMBANG
Authors: Wulandari Retno , Ichsan Burhannudin , Romadhon Yusuf Alam
Published: May 2017

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor diantaranya stimulasi perkembangan dan faktor lingkungan dari anak. Pendidikan anak usia dini merupakan suatu bentuk stimulasi yang pada dasarnya adalah upaya-upaya intervensi yaitu menciptakan lingkungan sekitar anak usia dini agar mampu menstimulasi seluruh aspek perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini observasional analitik, dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik random sample (probability samples) dengan pendekatan cluster sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan uji Chi-Square (nilai expected<5, maksimal 20% dari jumlah sel). Terdapat perbedaan perkembangan sosial pada anak usia 3-6 tahun dengan pendidikan usia dini dan tanpa pendidikan usia dini secara signifikan (p.0,002). Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara perkembangan sosial pada anak usia 3-6 tahun dengan pendidikan usia dini dan tanpa pendidikan usia dini di Kecamatan Peterongan Jombang. Kata kunci.Perkembangan sosial, pendidikan usia dini, anak usia 3-6 tahun
EKSPRESI INTERLEUKIN-1 (IL-1) Β PADA ENDOMETRIOSIS, KARSINOMA ENDOMETRIOID DAN KARSINOMA SEROSUM OVARIUM
Authors: Lestari Nadia Nur , Amarwati Siti , Sadhana Udadi , Puspasari Dik
Published: May 2017

Endometriosis ovarium memiliki resiko keganasan epithelial ovarium (resiko relatif 1.9 sampai 4.2). Karsinoma endometrioid adalah salah satu jenis keganasan yang paling sering berhubungan dengan endometriosis, sementara karsinoma serosum merupakan keganasan epitelial terbanyak pada ovarium.Serum sitokin pro-inflamasi interleukin-1 (IL-1) β telah ditemukan berperan pada endometriosis dan karsinogenesis.Penelitian Keita, 2010, menemukan bahwa karsinoma endometrioid memiliki kadar IL-1β yang lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan jenis lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujua untuk mengetahui perbedaan ekspresi IL-1β pada jaringan endometriosis, karsinoma endometrioid dan karsinoma serosum ovarium. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional design. Sampel adalah tiga puluh 33 blok parafin yang telah didiagnosis dan dire-evaluasi sebagai endometriosis (kelompok A), karsinoma endometrioid (kelompok B) dan karsinoma serosum ovarium (kelompok C) dan dilakukan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia IL-1β. Data ekspresi IL-1β dianalisis uji One Way ANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan uji beda rerata Post Hoc. Hasil uji One Way ANOVA kelompok A, B dan C, p = 0,037, menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna. Uji beda rerata Post Hoc didapatkan kelompok A vs kelompok B dan C (p = 0,034 dan p = 0,020) bermakna. Sedangkan kelompok B vs kelompok C (p =0,805) tidak bermakna. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan terdapatperbedaan yang bermakna ekspresi IL-1β antara endometriosis dengan karsinoma endometrioid dan karsinoma serosum ovarium, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna ekspresi IL-1β antara karsinoma endometrioid ovarium dan karsinoma serosum ovarium.Kata kunci: Endometriosis, interleukin-1β, karsinoma endometrioid, karsinoma serosum
PERBEDAAN KADAR ASAM URAT PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DENGAN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DAN TANPA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
Authors: Nurhidayati Mahmuda Iin Novita , Maulana Yudrik , Oktoviano R Indriyati
Published: May 2017

Peningkatan kadar asam urat memegang peranan penting pada terjadinya morbiditas pasien hipertensi. Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan komorbid yang sering ditemukan pasien hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar asam urat pada penderita hipertensi dengan DM tipe 2 dan tanpa DM tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Sayidiman Magetan. Penelitiian ini merupakan melakukan penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah penderita hipertensi dengan DM tipe 2 dan tanpa DM tipe 2 di RSUD Dr. Sayidiman. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling. Data diperoleh dari data rekam medik pasien periode Januari 2012 hingga Juni 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan 54 sampel, terdiri dari 27 pasien pada kelompok hipertensi dengan DM tipe 2 dan 27 pasien pada kelompok hipertensi tanpa DM tipe 2. Pada uji t, didapatkan bahwa rerata kadar asam urat pada kelompok hipertensi dengan DM (6,559±2,2560 mg/dl) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok hipertensi tanpa DM tipe 2 (4,922±1.3051 mg/dl) secara signifikan (p=0,002). Kesimpulan: Rerata kadar asam urat pada kelompok hipertensi dengan DM tipe 2 lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok hipertensi tanpa DM tipe 2.Kata kunci: Kadar asam urat, Hipertensi, DM tipe 2
EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN KEMBANG SEPATU (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) DALAM MEMPERPENDEK WAKTU PERDARAHAN DAN WAKTU PEMBEKUAN PADA MENCIT JANTAN GALUR SWISS
Authors: Aisyah Riandini , Gunawan Ryan Budi , Sutrisna EM
Published: May 2017

Daun kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) mengandung senyawa tannin dan flavonoid yang berefek sebagai agen hemostatik/penghentian perdarahan melalui mekanisme vasokonstriksi dan astringent. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak topikal kembang sepatu terhadap penghentian perdarahan luar pada mencit. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan post test only with control group design. Subyek penelitian adalah daun kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) dan menggunakan 24 ekor mencit jantan galur Swiss yang dibagi dalam 6 kelompok yaitu : kontrol negatif (aquadest), kontrol positif (Epinefrin), dan kelompok III, IV, V, VI : diberikan ekstrak daun kembang sepatu dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 20% dan 40% diberikan secara topikal. Ekor tikus diberi perlukaan kemudian dicelupkan pada tiap-tiap kelompok untuk diamati dan dihitung waktu perdarahan dan waktu pembekuan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji statistic Oneway Anova dan uji statistic LSD (Least significant Difference). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari bleeding timeantara kontrol negatif dengan perlakuan (p.0,000, sementara tidak terdapat perbedaan dalam cotting time  (p,0,313.Kesimpulan: ekstrak etanol 70% daun kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 20% dan 40% mampu memperpendek waktu perdarahan, namun, tidak berefek memperpendek waktu pembekuan.Kata kunci : ekstrak daun kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.), waktu perdarahan, waktu pembekuan