bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Métodos centrados en el aprendizaje en Fisioterapia. Capacidades del alumno y contexto de aprendizaje
Authors: Gargallo Bernardo , Cebriá i Iranzo Maria Àngels , Sarriá Chust Benjamín , Benavent Garcés María Amparo , Queralt Blasco Ana
Published: January 2018

En este trabajo se pretendía analizar los efectos del uso de métodos centrados en el aprendizaje sobre diversas capacidades/habilidades del estudiante y sobre su percepción del entorno de aprendizaje diseñado por el profesor. La muestra estuvo constituida por 231 estudiantes de tercer curso del Grado en Fisioterapia de la Universidad de Valencia, integrantes de tres grupos de clase que cursaban la asignatura de Fisioterapia Cardiocirculatoria. Para verificar el objetivo y las hipótesis propuestas se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental de cohortes con grupo de control no equivalente, con postest en el grupo de control y con pretest y postest en el grupo experimental, haciendo uso del cuestionario SEQ; además los alumnos valoraron los métodos utilizados por sus profesores con un cuestionario cuantitativo elaborado por el equipo investigador. El profesorado que impartía la docencia en el grupo experimental utilizó una metodología innovadora/centrada en el aprendizaje. Se encontraron mejoras significativas en las habilidades de los alumnos y en su valoración de la destreza del profesor para articular un buen entorno de aprendizaje, tanto entre el pretest y el postest del grupo experimental como entre el postest del grupo de control y el del grupo experimental. Además los alumnos valoraron positivamente los métodos utilizados por sus profesores. Se confirmó el efecto positivo de los métodos centrados en el aprendizaje en relación con los objetivos propuestos, dadas las mejoras antes señaladas. El trabajo es relevante por los resultados positivos debidos de una integración de métodos más completa que en otros estudios analizados.
Correlated response in early embryonic development in rabbits selected for litter size variability
Authors: Calle E. W. , García M. L. , Blasco A. , Argente M.J.
Published: January 2018

A divergent selection experiment for litter size variability was carried out in rabbits. The litter size variability was estimated as the phenotypic variance of litter size within female. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of selecting for litter size variability on early embryonic development and survival after 7 generations of divergent selection (high and low variability lines). A total of 30 non-lactating multiparous does per line were used. The ovulation rate and early embryonic development were analysed using Bayesian methodology. Ovulation rate was not affected by the selection process. At 28 h of gestation, embryonic development and survival were similar in both lines. At 48 h of gestation, the majority of embryos in the high line were in the early morulae stage. The high line had a higher proportion of early morulae (79.54 vs. 53.43%; P=0.94) and a lower proportion of compacted morulae (20.46 vs. 46.57%; P=0.93%) than the low line. At 72 h of gestation, the high line had 1.59 fewer embryos than the more homogeneous line (P=0.85), due to reduced embryonic survival (0.60 vs. 0.74; P=0.93). The high line continued to show a higher proportion of early morulae (21.01 vs. 3.69%; P=0.93) and a lower proportion of compacted morulae and blastocysts (78.99 vs. 96.31%; P=0.94) than the low line at 72 h of gestation, indicative of reduced embryonic development. In conclusion, selection for homogeneity in litter size had a positive impact on embryonic traits.
Mass transfer dynamics during brining of rabbit meat
Authors: Wang Z. , He Z. , Li H.
Published: January 2018

As a traditional processing method, brining is a preliminary, critical and even essential process for many traditional rabbit meat products in China. The aim of this work was to investigate mass transfer of rabbit meat brined in different salt concentration. Rabbit meat (Longissimus dorsi) was brined for 24 h in 5 brine solutions (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% NaCl [w/w]). Results indicated that mass transfer and kinetics parameters were significantly affected by the brine concentration during brining. When brine concentration increased, the total and water weight changes decreased, whereas the sodium chloride weight changes increased. Higher brine concentrations resulted in a higher degree of protein denaturation and consequently gave lower process yields. Samples treated with higher brine concentrations obtained lower brining kinetic parameter values for total weight changes and water weight changes, whereas they acquired higher values for sodium chloride weight changes.
Investigation of significant microRNA-mRNA pairs associated with nonspecific digestive disorder in rabbits
Authors: Jia X. , Liao Q. , Chen S. , Wang J. , Lai S.
Published: January 2018

Nonspecific digestive disorders (NSDD) are one of the major intestinal problems in rabbit, with considerable economic losses in industrial rabbit farms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as small non-coding RNAs, have significant biological involvement in intestinal disorders. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of 25 genes and 25 miRNAs in ileum, rabbit sacculus rotundus (RSR) and colon tissues from 9 rabbits with different severity of NSDD. These molecules have been found to be related to NSDD or inflammatory bowel disease, which will help recognise the miRNA-mRNA pairs. Finally, 108 possible pairs of miRNA-mRNA pairs with an anti-correlation were identified by Pearson’s correlation analysis between differentially expressed 25 miRNAs and 23 mRNAs. Ninety-five of these miRNA-mRNA pairs were hitherto unexplored, and their roles in NSDD biology require further elucidation. Our results give a clue to the potential miRNA-mRNA pairs for the NSDD that can further improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of NSDD in rabbit.
Estimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters for body weights and growth efficiency traits in the New Zealand white rabbit
Authors: Sakthivel M. , Balasubramanyam D. , Kumarasamy P. , Gopi H. , Raja A. , Anilkumar R. , Devaki A.
Published: January 2018

The genetic parameters of growth traits in the New Zealand White rabbits kept at Sheep Breeding and Research Station, Sandynallah, The Nilgiris, India were estimated by partitioning the variance and covariance components. The (co)variance components of body weights at weaning (W42), post-weaning (W70) and marketing (W135) age and growth efficiency traits viz., average daily gain (ADG), relative growth rate (RGR) and Kleiber ratio (KR) estimated on a daily basis at different age intervals (42 to 70 d; 70 to 135 d and 42 to 135 d) from weaning to marketing were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, fitting 6 animal models with various combinations of direct and maternal effects. Data were collected over a period of 15 yr (1998 to 2012). A log-likelihood ratio test was used to select the most appropriate univariate model for each trait, which was subsequently used in bivariate analysis. Heritability estimates for W42, W70 and W135 were 0.42±0.07, 0.40±0.08 and 0.27±0.07, respectively. Heritability estimates of growth efficiency traits were moderate to high (0.18 to 0.42). Of the total phenotypic variation, maternal genetic effect contributed 14 to 32% for early body weight traits (W42 and W70) and ADG1. The contribution of maternal permanent environmental effect varied from 6 to 18% for W42 and for all the growth efficiency traits except for KR2. Maternal permanent environmental effect on most of the growth efficiency traits was a carryover effect of maternal care during weaning. Direct maternal genetic correlations, for the traits in which maternal genetic effect was significant, were moderate to high in magnitude and negative in direction. Maternal effect declined as the age of the animal increased. The estimates of total heritability and maternal across year repeatability for growth traits were moderate and an optimum rate of genetic progress seems possible in the herd by mass selection. The genetic and phenotypic correlations among body weights and between growth efficiency traits were also estimated. Moderate to high heritability and higher genetic correlation in body weight traits promise good scope for genetic improvement provided measures are taken to keep the inbreeding at the lowest level.
Biostimulation and reproductive performance of artificially inseminated rabbit does (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: EL-Azzazi F. E. , Hegab I. M. , Hanafy A. M.
Published: January 2018

Biostimulation is a non-hormonal and practical technique that has not yet been widely utilised when applied immediately before insemination to improve reproductive efficiency in livestock species. This study was conducted to determine the influence of short-term male biostimulation on behavioural and reproductive performance of inseminated rabbit does. A total of 142 female New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Females were either exposed to male odour (Odour group) or an adult aproned male (Male group), while the remaining does that were neither exposed to the male odour nor the adult male are considered the control group. All females were inseminated after the 2 h exposure session. Conception rates were determined by abdominal palpation 12 d after insemination. The results showed that conception rate of the male odour group (79.59%) was greater than that of male presence group (76.09%) and that of the control group (68.09%). Moreover, biostimulated does showed significant behavioural activities during the 2 h exposure session compared to the control group. Although no significant differences were recognised, litter size at birth and at weaning was slightly increased in biostimulated compared to control females. Nor were there any significant difference in serum oestradiol concentrations between treated groups. Conclusively, short-term 2 h biostimulation of rabbit does resulted in the appearance of various behavioural responses followed by differences in conception rates between groups after routine artificial insemination.
Preoperative Diagnosis predicts Outcomes in Patients with Concurrent Medullary and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Suh Insoo , Duh Quan-Yang , Beninato Toni , Clark Orlo H , Shen Wen T , Kluijfhout Wouter P , Drake Frederick T , Gosnell Jessica E
Published: January 2018

Aim

This study examined patients with concurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with the primary objective of identifying factors that can determine the dominant subtype that will dictate recurrence.

Materials and methods

The cancer registry at our tertiary care referral center was reviewed to identify all patients from 1995 to 2015 who had been diagnosed with both MTC and PTC on initial total thyroidectomy. Patient demographic, pathology, and recurrence data were collected and reviewed.

Results

Nineteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen patients had separate foci of MTC and PTC, and two patients had mixed tumors of medullary and follicular or medullary and the follicular variant of PTC. Thirteen patients had a preoperative diagnosis of MTC, and all 13 had MTC as the higher stage tumor on final pathology. Of these, eight patients had recurrent disease, all of which recurred as MTC. In the six patients with concurrent MTC and PTC who did not have MTC as the preoperative diagnosis, the PTC was the higher stage tumor. Only one patient in this group recurred with PTC, none with MTC. No patients have had recurrent disease that was a different subtype from their preoperative diagnosis or the higher stage tumor.

Conclusion

The concurrent findings of MTC and PTC in the same patient may result in challenging patient counseling, management, and follow-up. In this series of 19 patients with concurrent PTC and MTC, the subtype of recurrence in all 9 patients with recurrent disease was determined by the preoperative diagnosis and higher stage tumor.

Clinical significance

The incidental discovery of a second subtype of differentiated thyroid cancer should not alter management of the primary tumor. Patients should be treated in accordance with the preoperative diagnosis and higher stage tumor.

How to cite this article

Beninato T, Kluijfhout WP, Drake FT, Shen WT, Suh I, Duh QY, Clark OH, Gosnell JE. Preoperative Diagnosis predicts Outcomes in Patients with Concurrent Medullary and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(3):94-99.
Adrenal Angiomyolipoma with Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Jaiman Richa , Srivastava Puneet K
Published: January 2018

Angiomyolipoma is neoplasm that derives from perivascular epithelioid cells. It is a rare mesenchymal tumor, usually found in the kidney. Extrarenal angiomyolipoma is uncommon and the most common extrarenal site is the liver. Angiomyolipoma of adrenal is extremely rare, with only four cases reported in the literature. It usually presents as incidentaloma. We report a case of a 45-year-old female patient presenting with pain abdomen, nausea, and repeated episodes of vomiting. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen revealed heterogeneous nonenhancing hypodense fatty lesion in right adrenal gland. Biochemical investigations were negative for functioning adrenal tumor. Right adrenalectomy was done with good outcome. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. The patient recovered without any complications following surgery.

How to cite this article

Srivastava PK, Jaiman R. Adrenal Angiomyolipoma with Gastric Outlet Obstruction. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(3):109-110.
Adrenal Schwannoma: A Rare Type of Adrenal Incidentaloma
Authors: Said Surita , Othman Hairol A , Zin Reena RM
Published: January 2018

Benign tumor of the myelin sheath or schwannoma is not uncommon, especially when it involves the peripheral or cranial nerves. But adrenal schwannoma is very rare and commonly presented as an incidentaloma. Adrenal incidentaloma by itself is not uncommon as more imaging is now being performed and its incidence is estimated to be around 4 to 6%. Clinical and imaging studies are not able to differentiate adrenal schwannoma from other causes of incidentaloma, making its diagnosis difficult preoperatively. We report a 64-year-old man who underwent computed tomography (CT) abdomen as part of his health-screening program. An 80 × 70 mm right adrenal tumor was discovered from the CT with features suggestive of malignancy. He has neither apparent abdominal symptoms nor symptoms related to adrenal hypersecretion. Apart from chronic hypertension, he also suffered from morbid obesity with body mass index (BMI) of 38. There was no clinical feature to suggest Cushing disease, pheochromocytoma, or primary hyperaldosteronism. His laboratories evaluation including endocrinology studies consistent with a non-functioning adrenal mass. He underwent an uneventful standard transabdominal right adrenalectomy. Immunohistochemistry report showed the tumor has characteristic of Antoni A type and positive for S-100 immunochemistry stain. The diagnosis of adrenal schwannoma was made. This case report highlights the difficulty in the management of adrenal incidentaloma.

How to cite this article

Said S, Muhammad R, Othman HA, Othman S, Rashid NFA, Zin RRM. Adrenal Schwannoma: A Rare Type of Adrenal Incidentaloma. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(3):111-114.
Stratospheric ozone loss in the Arctic winters between 2005 and
2013 derived with ACE-FTS measurements
Authors: Griffin Debora , Walker Kaley A. , Wohltmann Ingo , Dhomse Sandip S. , Rex Markus , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Feng Wuhu , Manney Gloria L. , Liu Jane , Tarasick David
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Stratospheric ozone loss inside the Arctic polar vortex for the winters between 2004/2005 and 2012/2013 has been quantified using measurements from the space-borne Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). Six different methods, including tracer-tracer correlation, artificial tracer correlation, average vortex profile descent, and passive subtraction with model output from both Lagrangian and Eulerian chemical transport models (CTMs), have been employed to determine the Arctic ozone loss (mixing ratio loss profiles and the partial column ozone losses between 380 and 550 K). For the tracer-tracer, the artificial tracer, and the average vortex profile descent approaches, various tracers have been used. Here, we show that CH4, N2O, HF, and CFC-12 are suitable tracers for investigating polar stratospheric ozone depletion with ACE-FTS. The ozone loss estimates (in terms of the mixing ratio as well as total column ozone) are generally in good agreement between the different methods and among the different tracers. However, the tracer-tracer correlation method does not agree with the other estimation methods in March 2005 and using the average vortex profile descent technique typically leads to smaller maximum losses compared to all other methods. The passive subtraction method using output from CTMs generally results in smaller uncertainties and slightly larger losses compared to the techniques that use ACE-FTS measurements only. The ozone loss computed, using both measurements and models, shows the greatest loss during the 2010/2011 Arctic winter. For that year, our results show that maximum ozone loss (2.1–2.7 ppmv) occurred at 460 K. The estimated partial column ozone loss inside the polar vortex (between 380 K and 550 K) is 66–103 DU, 61–95 DU, 59–96 DU, 41–89 DU, and 85–122 DU for March 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2011, respectively. Ozone loss is difficult to diagnose during 2005/2006, 2008/2009, 2011/2012, and 2012/2013 because strong polar vortex disturbance or major sudden stratospheric warming events significantly perturbed the polar vortex thereby limiting the number of measurements available for the analysis.
Modeling the impact of solar brightening on summer surface ozone over Europe between 1990 and 2010
Authors: Oikonomakis Emmanouil , Aksoyoglu Sebnem , Wild Martin , Ciarelli Giancarlo , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Surface solar radiation (SSR) observations have indicated an increasing trend in Europe since the mid-1980s, referred to as solar brightening. In this study, we used the regional air quality model, CAMx (Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions) to simulate and quantify, with various sensitivity runs (where the year 2010 served as the base case), the effects of increased radiation on photolysis rates (PHOT1, PHOT2 and PHOT3 scenarios) and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions (BIO scenario), and their consequent impacts on summer surface ozone concentrations over Europe between 1990 and 2010. The PHOT1 and PHOT2 scenarios examined the effect of doubling and tripling the anthropogenic PM2.5 concentrations, respectively, while the PHOT3 investigated the impact of an increase in just the sulfate concentrations by a factor of 3.4 (as in 1990), applied only to the calculation of photolysis rates. In the BIO scenario, we reduced the 2010 SSR by 3 % (keeping plant cover and temperature the same), re-calculated the biogenic emissions and repeated the base case simulations with the new biogenic emissions. The impact on photolysis rates for all three scenarios was an increase (in 2010 compared to 1990) of 3–6 % which resulted in daytime (10:00–18:00 Local Mean Time (LMT)) mean surface ozone differences of 0.2–0.7 ppb (0.5–1.5 %), with the largest hourly difference rising as high as 4–8 ppb (10–16 %). The effect of changes in BVOCs emissions on daytime mean surface ozone was much smaller (up to 0.08 ppb, ~ 0.2 %), as isoprene and terpene (monoterpene and sesquiterpene) emissions increased only by 2.5–3 % and 0.7 %, respectively. Overall, the impact of the SSR changes on surface ozone was greater via the effects on photolysis rates compared to the effects on BVOCs emissions, and the sensitivity test of their combined impact (PHOT3 + BIO = COMBO scenario) showed nearly additive effects. In addition, all the sensitivity runs were repeated on a second base case with increased NOx emissions to account for any potential underestimation of modeled ozone production; the results did not change significantly in magnitude, but the spatial coverage of the effects was profoundly extended. Finally, the role of the solar brightening in the European summer surface ozone trends was suggested to be more important when comparing to the order of magnitude of the ozone trends instead of the total ozone concentrations, indicating a potential partial damping of the effects of ozone precursor emissions reduction.
Evolution of the chemical fingerprint of biomass burning organic aerosol during aging
Authors: Bertrand Amelie , Stefenelli Giulia , Jen Coty N. , Pieber Simone M. , Bruns Emily A. , Temime-Roussel Brice , Slowik Jay G. , Goldstein Allen H. , El Haddad Imad , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André  S. H. , Wortham Henri , Marchand Nicolas
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A Thermal Desorption Aerosol Gas Chromatograph coupled to a High Resolution – Time of Flight – Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (TAG-AMS) was connected to an atmospheric chamber for the molecular characterization of the evolution organic aerosol (OA) emitted by woodstoves appliances for residential heating. Two logwood stoves (old and modern) and one pellet stove were operated under typical conditions. Emissions were aged during a time equivalent to 5 hours of atmospheric aging. 5 to 7 samples were collected and analyzed with TAG-AMS during each experiment. We detect and quantify over 70 compounds, including levoglucosan and nitrocatechols. We calculate the emission emissions factor (EF) of these tracers in the primary emissions and highlight the influence of the combustion efficiency on these emissions. Smoldering combustion contribute to higher EF and a more complex composition. We also demonstrate the effect of the atmospheric aging on the chemical fingerprint. The tracers are sorted into 3 categories according to the evolution of their concentration: primary compounds, non-conventional primary compounds, and secondary compounds. For each we provide a quantitative overview of their contribution to the OA mass at different times of the photo-oxidative process.
EUBREWNET RBCC-E Huelva 2015 Ozone Brewer
Intercomparison
Authors: Redondas Alberto , Carreño Virgilio , Lui-León Sergio F. , Hernandez-Cruz Bentorey , López-Solano Javier , Rodríguez-Franco Juan J. , Vilaplana José M. , Gröbner Julian , Rimmer John , Bais Alkisiviadis F. , Savastiouk Volodya , Moreta Juan R. , Boukelia Lamine , Jepsen Nis , Wilson Keith M. , Shirotov Vadim , Karppinen Tomi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. From May 25th to June 5th 2015, the X Regional intercomparison campaign of the Brewer Calibration Center – Europe (RBCC-E) was held at El Arenosillo atmospheric sounding station of the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA). This campaign was a joint effort of COST Action ES1207 EUBREWNET and the Area of Instrumentation and Atmospheric Research of INTA. Twenty one Brewer instruments from eleven countries participated and their ozone and solar 5 UV irradiance calibrations were performed, in the latter case using the traveling reference standard QASUME instrument of the World Radiation Center for UV (WRC-UV). This work shows a general overview of the ozone comparison focused on the correction of the stray light effect for the single- monochromator Brewer spectrophotometer, derived from the comparison with a reference double-monochromator Brewer instrument. At the beginning of the campaign, 16 out of the 21 participating Brewer instruments (76 %) agreed within better 10 than ±1 %, and 10 instruments (50 %) agreed within better than ±0.5 %. After applying the final calibration that included the stray light correction, all working instruments agreed at the ±0.5 % level.
Characterization of a catalyst-based total nitrogen and carbon conversion technique to calibrate particle mass measurement instrumentation
Authors: Stockwell Chelsea E. , Kupc Agnieszka , Witkowski Bartlomiej , Talukdar Ranajit K. , Liu Yong , Selimovic Vanessa , Zarzana Kyle J. , Sekimoto Kanako , Warneke Carsten , Washenfelder Rebecca A. , Yokelson Robert J. , Middlebrook Ann M. , Roberts James M.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The chemical composition of aerosol particles is a key aspect in determining their impact on the environment. For example, nitrogen (N)-containing particles impact atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and ecological N-deposition. Instruments that measure total reactive nitrogen (Nr = all nitrogen compounds except for N2 and N2O) focus on gas-phase nitrogen and very few studies directly discuss the instrument capacity to measure the mass of Nr–containing particles. Here, we investigate the mass quantification of particle-bound nitrogen using a custom Nr system that involves total conversion to nitric oxide (NO) across platinum and molybdenum catalysts followed by NO-O3 chemiluminescence detection. We evaluate the particle conversion of the Nr instrument by comparing to mass derived concentrations of size-selected and counted ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and ammonium oxalate ((NH4)2C2O4) particles determined using instruments that measure particle number and size. These measurements demonstrate Nr-particle conversion across the Nr catalysts that is independent of particle size with 98 ± 10 % efficiency for 100–600 nm particle diameters. We also show conversion of particle-phase organic carbon species to CO2 across the instrument’s platinum catalyst followed by a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) CO2 detector. We show the Nr system is an accurate particle mass measurement method and demonstrate its ability to calibrate particle mass measurement instrumentation using single component, laboratory generated, Nr-containing particles below 2.5 µm in size. In addition we show agreement with mass measurements of an independently calibrated on-line particle-into-liquid sampler directly coupled to the electrospray ionization source of a quadrupole mass spectrometer (PILS-ESI/MS) sampling in the negative ion mode. We obtain excellent correlations (R2 = 0.99) of particle mass measured as Nr with PILS-ESI/MS measurements converted to the corresponding particle anion mass (e.g. nitrate, sulfate, and chloride). The Nr and PILS-ESI/MS are shown to agree to within ~ 6 % for particle mass loadings up to 120 µg m−3. Consideration of all the sources of error in the PILS-ESI/MS technique yields an overall uncertainty of ±20 % for these single component particle streams. These results demonstrate the Nr system is a reliable direct particle mass measurement technique that differs from other particle instrument calibration techniques that rely on knowledge of particle size, shape, density, and refractive index.
Deriving Photosynthetically Active Radiation at ground level in cloud-free conditions from Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) products
Authors: Wandji Nyamsi William , Blanc Phillipe , Augustine John A. , Arola Antti , Wald Lucien
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A method is described that estimates the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at ground level in cloud-free conditions. It uses a fast approximation of the libRadtran radiative transfer numerical model, known as the k-distribution method and the correlated-k approximation of Kato et al. (1999). LibRadtran provides irradiances aggregated over several fixed spectral bands and a spectral resampling is proposed followed by an aggregation in the range [400, 700] nm. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) produces daily estimates of the aerosol properties, and total column contents in water vapor and ozone that are input to the method. A comparison of the results is performed against instantaneous measurements of global Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) on a horizontal plane made in cloud-free conditions at seven sites of the Surface Radiation network (SURFRAD) in the USA in various climates. The bias ranges between −12 µmol m−2 s−1 (−1 % of the mean value at Desert Rock) and +61 µmol m−2 s−1 (+5 % at Penn. State Univ). The root mean square error ranges from 37 µmol m−2 s−1 (3 %) to 82 µmol m−2 s−1 (6 %). The coefficient of determination R2 ranges between 0.97 and 0.99. This work demonstrates the quality of the proposed method combined with the CAMS products.
The Climate Generator: Stochastic climate representation for
glacial cycle integration
Authors: Arif Mohammad Hizbul Bahar , Tarasov Lev , Hauser Tristan
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This paper presents a computationally efficient stochastic approach to simulate atmospheric fields (specifically monthly mean temperature and precipitation) on large spatial-temporal scales. In analogy with Weather Generators (WG), the modelling approach can be considered a Climate Generator (CG). The CG can also be understood as a field-specific General Circulation climate Model (GCM) emulator. It invokes aspects of spatio-temporal downscaling, in this case mapping the output of an Energy Balance climate Model (EBM) to that of a higher resolution GCM. The CG produces a synthetic climatology conditioned on various inputs. These inputs include sea level temperature from a fast low-resolution EBM, surface elevation, ice mask, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, orbital forcing, latitude and longitude. Bayesian Artificial Neural Networks (BANN) are used for nonlinear regression against GCM output over North America, Antarctica and Eurasia. Herein we detail and validate the methodology. To impose natural variability in the CG (to make the CG indistinguishable from a GCM) stochastic noise is added to each prediction. This noise is generated from a normal distribution with standard deviation computed from the 10 % and 90 % quantiles of the predictive distribution values from the BANNs for each time step. This derives from a key working assumption/approximation that the self-inferred predictive uncertainty of the BANNs is in good part due to the internal variability of the GCM climate. Our CG is trained against GCM (FAMOUS and CCSM) output for the last deglacial interval (22 ka to present year). For predictive testing, we compare the CG predictions against GCM (FAMOUS) output for the disjoint remainder of the last glacial interval (120 ka to 22.05 ka). The CG passes a climate Turing test, an indistinguishability test in analogy with the original Turing test for artificial intelligence. This initial validation of the Climate Generator approach justifies further development and testing for long time integration contexts such as coupled ice-sheet climate modelling over glacial cycle time-scales.
Riparian evapotranspiration shapes stream flow dynamics and water budgets in a Mediterranean catchment
Authors: Lupon Anna , Ledesma José L. J. , Bernal Susana
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Riparian trees can regulate stream flow dynamics and water budgets by taking up large amounts of water from both soil and groundwater compartments. However, their role has not been fully recognized in the hydrologic literature and the catchment modeling community. In this study, we explored the influence of riparian evapotranspiration (ET) on stream flow by simulating daily stream exports from three nested Mediterranean sub-catchments, both including and excluding the riparian compartment in the structure of the PERSiST rainfall-runoff model. The model goodness of fit significantly improved with the inclusion of the riparian compartment, especially during the vegetative period when, according to our simulations, riparian ET reduced mean daily stream flow by 26 %. Moreover, sensitivity analyses suggested that riparian ET was a significant hydrological process contributing to stream flow recession in summer. At the catchment scale, simulated riparian ET accounted for 7 % of annual water depletions, its contribution being especially noticeable during summer (8–19 %). Simulations considering future climate change scenarios suggest that longer vegetative periods would result in higher contribution of riparian ET to annual water budgets. Annual increases in riparian ET ranged between 2 and 13 % from the most conservative to the most extreme drought scenarios. Overall, our results highlight that a good assessment of riparian ET is essential for understanding catchment hydrology and stream flow dynamics in Mediterranean regions. Thus, the inclusion of the riparian compartment in hydrological models is strongly recommended in order to establish proper management strategies in water-limited regions.
Regional physically based landslide early warning modelling: soil parameterisation and validation of the results
Authors: Salvatici Teresa , Tofani Veronica , Rossi Guglielmo , D'Ambrosio Michele , Tacconi Stefanelli Carlo , Masi Elena Benedetta , Rosi Ascanio , Pazzi Veronica , Vannocci Pietro , Petrolo Miriana , Catani Filippo , Ratto Sara , Stevenin Hervè , Casagli Nicola
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In this work, we apply a physically-based model, namely the HIRESSS (High REsolution Stability Simulator) model, to forecast the occurrence of shallow landslides at regional scale. The final aim is the set-up of an early warning system at regional scale for shallow landslides. HIRESSS is a physically based distributed slope stability simulator for analysing shallow landslide triggering conditions in real time and in large areas using parallel computational techniques. The software can run in real-time by assimilating weather data and uses Monte Carlo simulation techniques to manage the geotechnical and hydrological input parameters. The test area is a portion of the Valle d'Aosta region, located in North-West Alpine mountain chain. The geomorphology of the region is characterized by steep slopes with elevations ranging from 400 m a.s.l. of Dora Baltea's river floodplain to 4810 m a.s.l. of Mont Blanc. In the study area, the mean annual precipitation is about 800–900 mm. These features lead to a high hydrogeological hazard in the whole territory, as mass movements interest the 70 % of the municipality areas (mainly shallow rapid landslides and rock falls). In order to apply the model and to increase its reliability, an in-depth study of the geotechnical and hydrological properties of hillslopes controlling shallow landslides formation was conducted. In particular, two campaigns of on site measurements and laboratory experiments were performed with 12 survey points. The data collected contributes to generate input map of parameters for HIRESSS model. In order to take into account the effect of vegetation on slope stability, the contribution of the root cohesion has been also taken into account based on the vegetation map and literature values. The model was applied in back analysis on two past events that have affected Valle d'Aosta region between 2008 and 2009, triggering several fast shallow landslides. The validation of the results, carried out using a database of past landslides, has provided good results and a good prediction accuracy of the HIRESSS model both from temporal and spatial point of view. A statistical analysis of the HIRESSS outputs in terms of failure probability has been carried out in order to define reliable alert levels for regional landslide early warning systems.
Bathymetry and oceanic flow structure at two deep passages crossing the Lomonosov Ridge
Authors: Björk Göran , Jakobsson Martin , Assmann Karen , Andersson Leif G. , Nilsson Johan , Stranne Christian , Mayer Larry
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Lomonosov Ridge represents a major topographical feature in the Arctic
Ocean which has a large effect on the water circulation and the distribution
of water properties. This study presents detailed bathymetric survey data
along with hydrographic data at two deep passages across the ridge: a
southern passage (80–81∘ N), where the ridge crest meets the
Siberian continental slope, and a northern passage around 84.5∘ N.
The southern channel is characterized by smooth and flat bathymetry around
1600–1700 m with a sill depth slightly shallower than 1700 m. A
hydrographic section across the channel reveals an eastward flow with
Amundsen Basin properties in the southern part and a westward flow of Makarov
Basin properties in the northern part. The northern passage includes an
approximately 72 km long and 33 km wide trough which forms an intra-basin
in the Lomonosov Ridge morphology (the Oden Trough). The eastern side of the
Oden Trough is enclosed by a narrow and steep ridge rising 500–600 m above
a generally 1600 m deep trough bottom. The deepest passage (the sill) is
1470 m deep and located on this ridge. Hydrographic data show irregular
temperature and salinity profiles indicating that water exchange occurs as
midwater intrusions bringing water properties from each side of the ridge in
well-defined but irregular layers. There is also morphological evidence that
some rather energetic flows may occur in the vicinity of the sill. A well
expressed deepening near the sill may be the result of seabed erosion by
bottom currents.
Basal drag of Fleming Glacier, Antarctica, Part A:
sensitivity of inversion to temperature and bedrock
uncertainty
Authors: Zhao Chen , Gladstone Rupert M. , Warner Roland C. , King Matt A. , Zwinger Thomas
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Many glaciers in West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula are now rapidly losing ice mass. Understanding of the dynamics of these fast-flowing glaciers, and their potential future behavior, can be improved through ice sheet modeling studies. Inverse methods are commonly used in ice sheet models to infer the basal shear stress, which has a large effect on the basal velocity and internal ice deformation. Here we use the full-Stokes Elmer/Ice model to simulate the Wordie Ice Shelf-Fleming Glacier system in the southern Antarctic Peninsula. With a control inverse method, we model the basal drag from the surface velocities observed in 2008. We propose a three-cycle spin-up scheme to remove the influence of initial temperature field on the final inversion. This is particularly important for glaciers with significant temperature-dependent internal deformation. We find that the Fleming Glacier has strong, temperature-dependent, deformational flow in the fast-flowing regions. Sensitivity tests using various bed elevation datasets and ice front boundary conditions demonstrate the importance of high-accuracy ice thickness/bed geometry data and precise location of the ice front boundary.
Observation and modelling of snow at a polygonal tundra permafrost site: spatial variability and thermal implications
Authors: Gouttevin Isabelle , Langer Moritz , Löwe Henning , Boike Julia , Proksch Martin , Schneebeli Martin
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The shortage of information on snow properties in high latitudes places a major limitation on permafrost and more generally climate modelling. A dedicated field program was therefore carried out to investigate snow properties and their spatial variability at a polygonal tundra permafrost site. Notably, snow samples were analysed for surface-normal thermal conductivity (Keff-z) based on X-ray microtomography. Also, the detailed snow model SNOWPACK was adapted to these Arctic conditions to enable relevant simulations of the ground thermal regime. Finally, the sensitivity of soil temperatures to snow spatial variability was analysed. Our depth hoar samples were found more conductive (Keff-z = 0.22 ± 0.05 W m−1 K−1) than in most previously published studies, which could be explained by their high density and anisotropy. Spatial variations in the thermal properties of the snowpack were well explained the micro-topography and ground surface conditions of the polygonal tundra, which control depth hoar growth and snow accumulation. Our adaptations to SNOWPACK, phenomenologically taking into account the effects of wind compaction, basal vegetation and water vapour flux, yielded realistic density and Keff-z profiles that greatly improved simulations of the ground thermal regime. The potential of an anisotropy and density-based formulation of Keff-z in snow models was shown. Soil temperatures were found to be particularly sensitive to snow conditions during the dark part of winter, highlighting the need for improved snow characterization and modelling over this period.
Free flow wind speed from a blade-mounted flow sensor
Authors: Pedersen Mads Mølgaard , Larsen Torben Juul , Madsen Helge Aagaard , Andersen Søren Juhl
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This paper presents a method for obtaining the free inflow velocities from a 3D flow sensor mounted on the blade of a wind turbine. From its position on the rotating blade, e.g. one third from the tip, a blade mounted flow sensor (BMFS) is able to provide valuable information about the turbulent sheared inflow in different regions of the rotor. At the rotor, however, the inflow is affected by the wind turbine, and in most cases the wind of interest is the inflow that the wind turbine is exposed to; i.e. the free inflow velocities. The current method applies a combination of aerodynamic models and procedures to estimate the induced velocities, i.e. the disturbance of the flow field caused by the wind turbine. These velocities are subtracted from the flow velocities measured by the BMFS to obtain the free inflow velocities. Aeroelastic codes, like HAWC2, typically use a similar approach to calculate the induction, but they use it for the reversed process, i.e. they add the induction to the free inflow to get the flow velocities at the blades which are required to calculate the resulting aerodynamic forces. The aerodynamic models included in the current method comprise blade-element-momentum (BEM) based models for axial and tangential induction, a radial induction model and tip loss correction as well as models for skew and dynamic inflow. It is shown that the method is able to calculate the free inflow velocities with high accuracy when applied to aeroelastic HAWC2 simulations with a stiff structural model while some deviations are seen in simulations with a flexible structure. Furthermore, the method is tested on simulations performed by a flexible structural model coupled with a large eddy simulation (LES) flow solver. The results of this higher fidelity verification confirm the HAWC2-based conclusion.
Effects of Salinity on Seedling Growth of Four Maize (Zea Mays L.) Cultivars Under Hydroponics
Authors: Mahbubul Islam, Md Khairul Alam Snehasish Bose, Oli Ahmed Fakir, , M. H. Rashid A. K. M. Zakir Hossain, Alamgir Hossain,
Published: January 2018

Growth and development of a crop or even cultivars within a species of a crop respond to soil salinity since germination. A hydroponic experiment was conducted at Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, during the period from December 2015 to July 2016 to investigate the effect of NaCl on morphological characters and growth of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The experiment comprised two levels (0 dS m-1 and 8 dS m-1) of salinity for hydroponic experiment, designed in two factorials Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications on four cultivars viz. Kaveri - 244+, BHARAT Hybrid Sultan 702, Getco seeds GP – 901, Essence –Platinum. Results indicated that root and shoot length, number of leaves plant-1, fresh and dry mass production varied with NaCl stress which indicating that some cultivars of maize seedlings are highly susceptible to concentrated NaCl. However, among tested cultivars, Essence –Platinum showed the best performance considering the seedlings growth and other parameters. BHARAT Hybrid Sultan 702, Getco seeds GP – 901 showed the highest sensitivity to NaCl stress in this experiment based on the above parameters studied.
EXTRATO DE PRÓPOLIS NA NUTRIÇÃO DE CÃES: EFEITOS NA CONDIÇÃO CORPORAL, PARÂMETROS SANGUÍNEOS E RESPOSTA VACINAL
Authors: Rivera Nancy Montaño , Sabchuk Tabyta Tamara , Risolia Larissa Wünsche , Félix Ananda Portella , Scapinello Claudio , De Oliveira Simone Gisele , Maiorka Alex
Published: January 2018

A própolis tem um grande potencial de utilização pelos seus efeitos como substância antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante, imuno estimulante e de controle de peso. Estas características são atribuídas aos componentes flavonoides e ácidos fenólicos. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão na dieta de extrato de própolis (EP) na condição corporal, parâmetros sanguíneos e resposta vacinal de cães adultos. Para avaliação da condição corporal, foram utilizados os pesos (kg) e espessura do tecido subcutâneo (mm) medido na vertebra L7, utilizando ultrassonografia. Foi coletado sangue dos animais no início e final do experimento e realizado análise de parâmetros sanguíneos e bioquímicos. A resposta vacinal foi avaliada contra a cinomose canina por meio do método de inibição da hemaglutinação. As características das fezes foram avaliadas pelo escore fecal. O fornecimento da dieta EP durante cinco meses estimulou a redução (P<0,05) de peso e de tecido adiposo subcutâneo lombar dos cães. Além de reduzir o colesterol total dos animais (P<0,05). No entanto, não foram observados efeitos (P>0,05) no hemograma, triglicerol, resposta vacinal e características fecais destes animais. Sendo assim, a inclusão de extrato de própolis na dieta para cães é viável e benéfica, especialmente em animais que apresentem necessidade de controle de peso corporal e de níveis de colesterol.
AVALIAÇÃO DA RESPOSTA IMUNE E HISTOLOGIA DA BOLSA CLOACAL EM FRANGOS VACINADOS COM VACINA VETORIAL HVT-IBD E DESAFIADOS COM CEPA MOULTHROP G603 DO VIRUS DA DOENÇA DE GUMBORO
Authors: Belote Bruna Luiza , Westphal Patrick , Pickler Larissa , Kraieski Antonio Leonardo , Santin Elizabeth
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta imunológica de frangos de corte frente a uma vacina vetorial HVT-IBV com posterior desafio com a cepa Moulthrop G603 aos 21 ou 28 dias de vida. Foram realizadas análises macroscópicas e histológicas da bolsa cloacal e quantificação de células imunológicas no baço (linfócitos B, T CD4+ e CD8+), bolsa cloacal (linfócitos T CD3+) e no sangue (linfócitos B, T CD4 de mucosa e T CD8 ativados). Aos 35 dias de idade, aves desafiadas aos 21 e 28 dias de idade, submetidas ou não a vacina vetorial, apresentaram maior contagem (P<0,05) de linfócitos T CD3+ na bolsa cloacal que aves não desafiadas e não vacinadas. Aves vacinadas e desafiadas apresentaram maior preservação do tecido da bolsa cloacal (P<0,05) e significativa redução de linfócitos CD4+ no baço quando comparadas aos demais grupos. Aves desafiadas aos 28 dias de idade apresentaram maior população de células B, T CD4+ e T CD8+ no baço e menor concentração de células imunológicas no sangue quando comparada a aves desafiadas aos 21 dias (P<0,05). Os resultados demonstram que a vacina vetorial HVT-IBV modifica a dinâmica imune e preserva o tecido da bolsa cloacal.
INTOXICAÇÃO AGUDA POR ORGANOFOSFORADO EM BOVINOS DO PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Bertoni Emerson Sebastião , Biondo Alexander Welker , Minozzo Carolina Dutra , Brum Juliana Sperotto , Barros Filho Ivan Roque , Perotta João Henrique
Published: January 2018

Relata-se a intoxicação aguda por organofosforado em bovinos mestiços zebuínos, criados no Paraná. Dos sessenta animais pulverizados com solução de diazinon, com concentração aproximada superior a cinco vezes a dose recomendada para controle de ectoparasitas, 51 morreram no intervalo de 24 horas. Os sinais clínicos mais evidentes foram tremores musculares, sialorreia, timpanismo, miose, prostração, decúbito, culminando com o óbito. Esse tipo de acidente ainda ocorre no Brasil em decorrência do insuficiente treinamento do pessoal que manipula esses produtos e a possibilidade de os adquirirem sem receituário médico veterinário.