bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUMOylation of yeast Pso2 enhances its translocation and accumulation in the mitochondria and suppresses methyl methanesulfonate‐induced mitochondrial DNA damage
Authors: Somashekara Shravanahalli C. , Dhyani Kshitiza M. , Thakur Manoj , Muniyappa Kalappa
Published: August 2023

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pso2/SNM1 is essential for DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair; however, its mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. While recent work has revealed that Pso2/Snm1 is dual‐localized in the nucleus and mitochondria, it remains unclear whether cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic factors regulate its subcellular localization and function. Herein, we show that Pso2 undergoes ubiquitination and phosphorylation, but not SUMOylation, in unstressed cells. Unexpectedly, we found that methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), rather than ICL‐forming agents, induced robust SUMOylation of Pso2 on two conserved residues, K97 and K575, and that SUMOylation markedly increased its abundance in the mitochondria. Reciprocally, SUMOylation had no discernible impact on Pso2 translocation to the nucleus, despite the presence of steady‐state levels of SUMOylated Pso2 across the cell cycle. Furthermore, substitution of the invariant residues K97 and K575 by arginine in the Pso2 SUMO consensus motifs severely impaired SUMOylation and abolished its translocation to the mitochondria of MMS‐treated wild type cells, but not in unstressed cells. We demonstrate that whilst Siz1 and Siz2 SUMO E3 ligases catalyze Pso2 SUMOylation, the former plays a dominant role. Notably, we found that the phenotypic characteristics of the SUMOylation‐defective mutant Pso2K97R/K575R closely mirrored those observed in the Pso2Δ petite mutant. Additionally, leveraging next‐generation sequencing analysis, we demonstrate that Pso2 mitigates MMS‐induced damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Viewed together, our work offers previously unknown insights into the link between genotoxic stress‐induced SUMOylation of Pso2 and its preferential targeting to the mitochondria, as well as its role in attenuating MMS‐induced mtDNA damage.
Autologous Costal Osteochondral Transplantation for Cystic Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Feasible and Effective
Authors: Wei Yuxuan , Guo Hao , Sun Nian , Tang Zhu , Ding Jianyang , Zeng Canjun
Published: August 2023

Objective

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) is a common and clinically challenging disease. The optimal management is still under debate. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of autologous costal osteochondral transplantation (ACOT) for the treatment of cystic OLT.

Methods

From November 2021 to April 2023, five patients underwent autologous costal osteochondral transplantation (ACOT) for cystic OLT. The demographic data was described, including age, gender, lesion size and location. We prospectively evaluated their functional and imaging outcomes of the five patients for 12 months postoperatively, including numeric rating score (NRS) for pain when walking, Tegner score, American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) score, and imaging results. A paired t‐test was used for preoperative and postoperative comparison of the paired‐design dataset.

Results

The average age was 36.6 ± 11.1 years. The average diameter of chondral lesions was 14.95 ± 2.71 mm, the average diameter of subchondral cysts was 10.66 ± 1.84 mm, and their average depth was 10.40 ± 1.86 mm. At 12 months postoperatively, the clinical function indexes improved significantly, including NRS (from 5.2 ± 2.3 to 0), Tegner score (from 3.2 ± 0.4 to 5.8 ± 0.4), AOFAS score (from 72.8 ± 10.0 to 98.2 ± 4.0), and FAAM score (FAAM/ADL from 61.2 ± 24.7 to 99.3 ± 1.6; FAAM/Sports from 32.5 ± 13.73 to 96.3 ± 8.4). Their magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) scores reached 78.0 ± 7.6 points. ICRS scores of three patients were nearly normal (10 or 11 points). The biopsy of the surviving grafts showed plenty of hyaline cartilage matrix and scattered chondrocytes histologically. No major severe complications were reported during the 12 months follow‐up.

Conclusion

ACOT could significantly relieve the symptoms of patients with OLT and improve their clinical function at short‐term follow‐up. ACOT might be a feasible and useful method for repairing OLT with subchondral cysts.
Adult host‐plant preference and larval performance in an oligophagous insect (Chnootriba elaterii)
Authors: Piersanti Silvana , Saitta Valerio , Rebora Manuela , Salerno Gianandrea
Published: August 2023

The present research investigates host preferences and larval development of the melon ladybird Chnootriba elaterii (Rossi) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), considering seven Cucurbitaceae plant species (Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita moschata, Lagenaria siceraria and Luffa aegyptiaca), to determine whether mother host preference is related with larval performance. The damaged area on plant leaves due to insect feeding in dual‐choice experiments was used to evaluate food preferences. Behavioural experiments in a Y‐tube olfactometer tested the role of olfaction in host‐plant selection. Parameters such as development duration and morphometric characters of emerged adults were evaluated to estimate larval performance. Adult females selected watermelon and melon as their favourite food while firmly refusing loofah and calabash. Insects preferred melon over watermelon, but the larval development on melon was slower; moreover, watermelon allowed larvae to develop faster than other tested plants, while loofah did not allow larval development. Larvae fed and developed on melon, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber and calabash, without strong differences. These results only partially supported the preference‐performance hypothesis suggesting that it could be context dependent. Contrary to expectation, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belonging to the host, only partially could guide adult females in the olfactometer. This result suggests that long‐distance olfactory stimuli alone cannot provide sufficient information for host‐plant selection in melon ladybirds. Considering the economic relevance of C. elaterii, the results of the present paper answer some basic questions about host‐plant selection for this pest insect, potentially useful to improve control strategies in crops.
Understanding the mobility patterns of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) passengers amid COVID‐19 in Singapore using smart card data
Authors: Chen Mingjia , Yan Yingwei , Feng Chen‐Chieh , Chen Shuting , Wang Jing , Ye Mengbi
Published: August 2023

The Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is one of the major modes of public transportation in Singapore. Understanding the mobility patterns of MRT passengers has implications for improving transportation efficiency. As a city‐state with a high population density, Singapore provides a representation of balanced urban dynamics that informs smart urban planning. In this paper, we investigated and visualized (using both static maps and dynamic web map applications) the spatiotemporal characteristics of Singapore's MRT commuting patterns before the COVID‐19 pandemic (January 2020) and during the first outbreak (May 2020) and the Omicron wave of the pandemic (February 2022), using MRT smart card data. We also investigated the relationship between the passenger flows of individual MRT stations and the nearby land use types. Our results showed that the spatial patterns of Singapore's MRT commuters match the polycentric urban structure. In addition to central areas, several regional centres were identified as passenger hotspots in multiple time periods. Furthermore, during the outbreak of the pandemic, especially in the period of the ‘circuit breaker’, there was a major decline in MRT passenger flows and a decrease in average MRT commuting distances during weekend/holiday peak hours. Lastly, correlations between passenger flows of MRT stations and the proportion of nearby land use types have been identified.
Dihydrochalcone glycoside biosynthesis in Malus is regulated by two MYB‐like transcription factors and is required for seed development
Authors: Wang Yule , Ding Yuduan , Zhao Qian , Wu Chen , Deng Cecilia H. , Wang Jingru , Wang Yufan , Yan Yanfang , Zhai Rui , Yauk Yar‐Khing , Ma Fengwang , Atkinson Ross G. , Li Pengmin
Published: August 2023

Dihydrochalcones (DHCs) including phlorizin (phloretin 2′‐O‐glucoside) and its positional isomer trilobatin (phloretin 4′‐O‐glucoside) are the most abundant phenylpropanoids in apple (Malus spp.). Transcriptional regulation of DHC production is poorly understood despite their importance in insect‐ and pathogen‐plant interactions in human physiology research and in pharmaceuticals. In this study, segregation in hybrid populations and bulked segregant analysis showed that the synthesis of phlorizin and trilobatin in Malus leaves are both single‐gene‐controlled traits. Promoter sequences of PGT1 and PGT2, two glycosyltransferase genes involved in DHC glycoside synthesis, were shown to discriminate Malus with different DHC glycoside patterns. Differential PGT1 and PGT2 promoter activities determined DHC glycoside accumulation patterns between genotypes. Two transcription factors containing MYB‐like DNA‐binding domains were then shown to control DHC glycoside patterns in different tissues, with PRR2L mainly expressed in leaf, fruit, flower, stem, and seed while MYB8L mainly expressed in stem and root. Further hybridizations between specific genotypes demonstrated an absolute requirement for DHC glycoside production in Malus during seed development which explains why no Malus spp. with a null DHC chemotype have been reported.
AND THE WORDS BECOME FLESH: EXPLORING A BIOLOGICAL METAPHOR FOR THE BODY OF CHRIST
Authors: Mackay Deborah J. G.
Published: August 2023

Although every cell in a human body contains the same DNA, every cell uses its DNA differently, in unique interaction with its environment. Human bodies live and thrive because their cells and tissues are sustained in a whole whose life emerges from, but cannot be reduced to, its parts. Living creatures are organized systems of processes that maintain their identity not despite change but because of it. These biological observations resonate with the foundational New Testament metaphor of the Body of Christ and with process‐theological descriptions of creatures as open‐ended processes interacting within a creation itself sustained within the boundless loving creativity of the Creator. I will map contemporary biological understanding of bodies as emergent and processual onto the theological metaphor of the Body of Christ and explore the ideas that emerge in terms of relationships between scripture, communities, and the life of the church.
Unlock the Endangered Species Act to address GHG emissions
Authors: Amstrup Steven C. , Bitz Cecilia M.
Published: August 2023

For the first time, ESA evaluations can include impacts on polar bears from greenhouse gas emissions
Arctic sea ice, ocean, and climate evolution
Authors: Bacon Sheldon
Published: August 2023

Wind variability affects the rate of Arctic sea ice decline
Did our ancestors nearly die out?
Authors: Ashton Nick , Stringer Chris
Published: August 2023

Genetic analyses suggest an ancient human population crash 900,000 years ago
Tensions endanger U.S.-China research agreement
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: August 2023

Scientists on both sides welcome decision to continue talks on renewing collaboration
AI excels at name that smell
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

Neural network predicts odors from chemical structures
Developing a framework for the implementation of recommendations for lifestyle factors for people with RMDs across Europe: assessment of current materials and implementation needs
Authors: Rodríguez-Carrio Javier , Cavalli Giulio , Gwinnutt James , Wieczorek Maud , Guillemin Francis , Verstappen Suzanne M M
Published: August 2023

Lifestyle factors (such as diet, physical activity or smoking habits, among others) are known to influence the progression of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Despite contemporary improvements in RMD care, the management of lifestyle factors is suboptimal. In the context of a recent European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) task force, existing informative materials regarding lifestyle factors for people with RMDs were collected from national organisations across European countries. Current materials show important limitations in terms of coverage, literature support and access, which may make the implementation of successful interventions difficult. In the present viewpoint, a roadmap to cover these gaps at the European level with the recent EULAR recommendations on lifestyle factors is discussed from an implementation perspective. This analysis may pave the ground for future implementation endeavours at the European level related to non-pharmacological interventions that may also be applicable beyond rheumatology.
Does time to theater matter in simple gastroschisis?
Authors: O'Shea Kathryn , Harwood Rachel , O’Donnell Sean , Baillie Colin
Published: August 2023

Objective

A recent publication has suggested that expedited time to theater in gastroschisis results in higher rates of primary closure and decreases the length of stay (LOS). This study primarily aims to assess the impact of time to first management of neonates with gastroschisis on the LOS.

Methods

Neonates admitted between August 2013 and August 2020 with gastroschisis were included. Data were collected retrospectively, and neonates with complex gastroschisis were excluded. Variables including gestation, birth weight, time of first management, primary/delayed closure and use of patch were evaluated as possible confounding variables. The outcome measures were time to full feeds, time on parenteral nutrition (PN) and LOS. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. P<0.05 was regarded as significant.

Results

Eighty-six neonates were identified, and 16 were then excluded (eight patients with complex gastroschisis, eight patients with time to first management not documented). The median LOS for those who underwent primary closure was 21 days (interquartile range (IQR) =16–29) and for those who underwent silo placement and delayed closure was 59 days (IQR=44–130). The mean time to first management was 473 min (standard deviation (SD) =146 min), with only 20% of these infants being operated on at less than 6 hours of age. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated no relationship between time to first management and LOS (r2=0.00, p=0.82) but did demonstrate a consistent positive association between time to first feed and LOS and delayed closure, resulting in a longer time to full feeds and a longer time on PN.

Conclusions

The time to first management was not associated with a change in LOS in these data. Further prospective evaluation of the impact of reducing the time to first feed on the LOS is recommended.

Level of evidence

IV.
Comparative analysis of phenotypes in the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa from the Arctic and the NW Atlantic
Authors: Morrison Rachel A. , Hamel Jean-François , Sun Jiamin , Mercier Annie
Published: August 2023

Research on ecologically and economically important sea cucumbers has been focused on temperate and tropical species, leaving those from higher latitudes, such as the Canadian Arctic, understudied. This study compared the phenotypic characters of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa sampled from populations of the Arctic (Hudson Bay, Nunavut) and Northwest Atlantic (Newfoundland). Organ indices and external and internal tissue pigmentation, and various biochemical metrics (proximate composition, lipids, fatty acids, amino acids, lipid-soluble vitamins, carotenoids) were assessed. All sea cucumbers had similar total body weights, but those from Newfoundland had heavier gonads and body walls, while the tissue pigmentation of Nunavut individuals was distinctive (more red and yellow trivium, darker brown pigmentation). Moisture and ash contents of sea cucumbers were similar between locations; however, protein and lipid contents in Nunavut samples were 12 and 50% lower, respectively. Inversely, Nunavut samples contained more ω-3 fatty acids, a greater degree of lipid desaturation, double the concentration of proline and vitamin A, and more carbohydrates and astaxanthin than Northwest Atlantic samples. Examining phenotypic variability across latitudes and longitudes, including into the Arctic, highlights unique physical and biochemical features attributed to this specific environment and may support the sustainable development of sea cucumber fisheries.
’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles and a general spherically symmetric solution of the Bogomolny equations
Authors: Katanaev M. O.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we briefly review the ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles and the Bogomolny equations providing minimal energy field configurations in each topologically distinct sectors of monopole solutions. Then we consider the most general spherically symmetric ansatz for gauge fields depending on three arbitrary functions and find a general spherically symmetric solution of the Bogomolny equations. It depends on two integration constants and one arbitrary function on radius. The arbitrary function is proved to be related to the residual gauge symmetry of field configurations. In a general case, the spherically symmetric Euler–Lagrange equations are reduced to two nonlinear field equations for the two invariant functions. The Bogomolny–Prasad–Sommerfield solution is proved to be the only spherically symmetric nonsingular solution of field equations with finite energy.
New agegraphic dark energy model with bulk viscosity
Authors: Xu Youdong
Published: August 2023

New agegraphic dark energy (NADE) model with bulk viscosity is proposed by assuming that the universe is composed of the NADE and dark matter, and both the dark components have a bulk viscosity. At the matter-dominated epoch, the density parameter and the equation of state (EoS) of the viscous NADE are given by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are viscosity parameters. In the late time [Formula: see text], the NADE dominates [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Owing to the special analytic features at the matter-dominated epoch for the viscous NADE model, the initial condition [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] is used to solve the differential equation of [Formula: see text], and the other physical quantities can be obtained correspondingly. We also find that the viscosity of dark matter affects the current density and the start time of the cosmic acceleration. However, in the late time [Formula: see text] only depends on the viscosity of the dark energy. Furthermore, we investigate the viscous NADE model by means of statefinder diagnostic. The viscosity of dark matter significantly affects the evolution of the statefinder parameters. Therefore, the bulk viscosity plays a significant role in the cosmological evolution.
The influence of the δ-doping on the electron transport with the finite periodic magnetic barriers nanostructure
Authors: Guo Lishuai , Luo Jia , Zhu Xiaolu , Li Jianfeng , Tuo Sheng
Published: August 2023

Periodic nanostructure is a novel method to manipulate the electronic properties in electronics. An efficient method in this paper is proposed to judge whether m identical periods’ magnetic nanostructure is a periodic structure by judging whether its physical structure and its magnetic vector potential structure both keep periodic. By investigating the influence of the [Formula: see text]-doping potential on the electron transport properties with m identical periods’ magnetic barrier nanostructure of InAs system, it shows that, firstly, the resonant peak of transmission probability, conductance, and spin polarization has been induced by splitting into (2[Formula: see text]) folds with m units nanostructure, respectively, especially when the resonant peak of transmission probability is almost close to 1 as the incident energy is lower; secondly, the height of [Formula: see text]-doping potential has an extensive influence on the resonant peak of transmission probability, which the resonant peak will be more dependent of the height of [Formula: see text]-doping potential increasing. Meanwhile, the conductance will be decreased with the height of [Formula: see text]-doping potential increasing.
Thermal convection and entropy generation analysis of hybrid nanofluid slip flow over a horizontal poignant thin needle with an inclined magnetic field: A numerical study
Authors: Iqbal Zahoor , Priya S. , Hakeem A. K. Abdul , Ahammad N. Ameer , Fathima Dowlath , Nour Manasik M. , Alqarni M. M. , Aldweesh Amjad , Alhazmi Sharifa E.
Published: August 2023

Hybrid nanofluids have emerged as a promising field of research in recent years, finding applications in various industries and sectors. The entropy generation and impact of an inclined magnetic field on a water-Ethylene Glycol (50:50) mixture-based nanofluid over a poignant thin needle has been investigated under slip conditions. The flow is swotted using thermal and velocity slip boundary conditions. The numerical effects of an inclined magnetic field on the flow of ferrous and aluminum oxide nanoparticles in a hybrid nanoliquid with as base fluids have been examined. The non-dimensional ODEs along with boundary conditions are solved by numerical technique based on the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method. Velocity profile has been analyzed for the magnetic parameter, inclined angle and volume fractions. The Bejan number provides insights into the balance between heat transfer and entropy generation in a system. From the numerical values of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number, it is analyzed that [Formula: see text]O3 possesses 1.01% and 1.06% of high heat transfer rate and high surface drag force than [Formula: see text]O4. Heat transfer profile has been analyzed for entropy generation and the Bejan number. The applications of hybrid nanofluids are vast, and one specific area where they can be utilized is in horizontal needle systems.
The genus one complex quantum Chern–Simons representation of the mapping class group
Authors: Ellegaard Andersen Jørgen , Marzioni Simone
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we compute explicitly, following Witten’s prescription, the quantum representation of the mapping class group in genus one for complex quantum Chern–Simons theory associated to any simple and simply connected complex gauge group [Formula: see text]. We use a generalization of the Weil-Gel’fand–Zak transform to exhibit an explicit expression for the representation.
Hybrid Additive Manufacturing: A Review from a Process Planning Perspective
Authors: Tabassum Rabiah , Uz Zaman Uzair Khaleeq , Ahmed Baqai Aamer , Rehman Mazhar Abdur , Ullah Butt Sajid
Published: August 2023

Currently, in manufacturing industries, hybrid manufacturing (HM) has emerged as a paradigm shift since it provides numerous benefits which include lead time reduction, cost savings and waste minimization. Hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM), being one of the tiers of HM, couples additive technology with traditional or non-conventional technologies resulting in the enhancement of product performance. For efficient part fabrication considering technical, economic, and environmental benefits, process planning is vital. The literature review reveals that due to the unexplored potential of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and lack of knowledge of complexities in HAM, the process planning in HAM is still in its infancy. By providing a systematic literature review of different techniques of process planning, this paper tries to bridge this research gap in HAM. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities in process planning of HAM are also discussed which will help to exploit the future horizons in this field. Ninety-six journal research articles were considered in the systematic literature review (SLR) study which uncovered eight categories of process planning and fifteen challenges and opportunities for future trends. It is concluded that a large research gap in the process planning of HAM needs to be fulfilled to secure time and enhance quality and functionality in the advanced manufacturing era.
Explicit Refinement Types
Authors: Ghalayini Jad Elkhaleq , Krishnaswami Neel
Published: August 2023

We present λ

ert

, a type theory supporting refinement types with explicit proofs. Instead of solving refinement constraints with an SMT solver like DML and Liquid Haskell, our system requires and permits programmers to embed proofs of properties within the program text, letting us support a rich logic of properties including quantifiers and induction. We show that the type system is sound by showing that every refined program erases to a simply-typed program, and by means of a denotational semantics, we show that every erased program has all of the properties demanded by its refined type. All of our proofs are formalised in Lean 4.
FP²: Fully in-Place Functional Programming
Authors: Lorenzen Anton , Leijen Daan , Swierstra Wouter
Published: August 2023

As functional programmers we always face a dilemma: should we write purely
functional code, or sacrifice purity for efficiency and resort to in-place
updates? This paper identifies precisely when we can have the best of both
worlds: a wide class of purely functional programs can be executed safely using
in-place updates without requiring allocation, provided their arguments are not
shared elsewhere.

We describe a linear _fully in-place_ (FIP) calculus where we prove that we can
always execute such functions in a way that requires no (de)allocation and uses
constant stack space. Of course, such a calculus is only relevant if we can
express interesting algorithms; we provide numerous examples of in-place
functions on datastructures such as splay trees or finger trees, together with
in-place versions of merge sort and quick sort.

We also show how we can generically derive a map function over _any_ polynomial
data type that is fully in-place. Finally, we have implemented the rules of the
FIP calculus in the Koka language. Using the Perceus reference counting garbage
collection, this implementation dynamically executes FIP functions in-place
whenever possible.
Trustworthy Runtime Verification via Bisimulation (Experience Report)
Authors: Scott Ryan G. , Dodds Mike , Perez Ivan , Goodloe Alwyn E. , Dockins Robert
Published: August 2023

When runtime verification is used to monitor safety-critical systems, it is essential that monitoring code behaves correctly. The Copilot runtime verification framework pursues this goal by automatically generating C monitor programs from a high-level DSL embedded in Haskell. In safety-critical domains, every piece of deployed code must be accompanied by an assurance argument that is convincing to human auditors. However, it is difficult for auditors to determine with confidence that a compiled monitor cannot crash and implements the behavior required by the Copilot semantics.

In this paper we describe CopilotVerifier, which runs alongside the Copilot compiler, generating a proof of correctness for the compiled output. The proof establishes that a given Copilot monitor and its compiled form produce equivalent outputs on equivalent inputs, and that they either crash in identical circumstances or cannot crash. The proof takes the form of a bisimulation broken down into a set of verification conditions. We leverage two pieces of SMT-backed technology: the Crucible symbolic execution library for LLVM and the What4 solver interface library. Our results demonstrate that dramatically increased compiler assurance can be achieved at moderate cost by building on existing tools. This paves the way to our ultimate goal of generating formal assurance arguments that are convincing to human auditors.
Modularity, Code Specialization, and Zero-Cost Abstractions for Program Verification
Authors: Ho Son , Fromherz Aymeric , Protzenko Jonathan
Published: August 2023

For all the successes in verifying low-level, efficient, security-critical code, little has been said or studied about the structure, architecture and engineering of such large-scale proof developments.

We present the design, implementation and evaluation of a set of language-based techniques that allow the programmer to modularly write and verify code at a high level of abstraction, while retaining control over the compilation process and producing high-quality, zero-overhead, low-level code suitable for integration into mainstream software.

We implement our techniques within the F proof assistant, and specifically its shallowly-embedded Low toolchain that compiles to C. Through our evaluation, we establish that our techniques were critical in scaling the popular HACL library past 100,000 lines of verified source code, and brought about significant gains in proof engineer productivity.

The exposition of our methodology converges on one final, novel case study: the streaming API, a finicky API that has historically caused many bugs in high-profile software. Using our approach, we manage to capture the streaming semantics in a generic way, and apply it “for free” to over a dozen use-cases. Six of those have made it into the reference implementation of the Python programming language, replacing the previous CVE-ridden code.
MacoCaml: Staging Composable and Compilable Macros
Authors: Xie Ningning , White Leo , Nicole Olivier , Yallop Jeremy
Published: August 2023

We introduce MacoCaml, a new design and implementation of compile-time code generation for the OCaml language. MacoCaml features a novel combination of macros with phase separation and quotation-based staging, where macros are considered as compile-time bindings, expression cross evaluation phases using staging annotations, and compile-time evaluation happens inside top-level splices. We provide a theoretical foundation for MacoCaml by formalizing a typed source calculus maco that supports interleaving typing and compile-time code generation, references with explicit compile-time heaps, and modules. We study various crucial properties including soundness and phase distinction. We have implemented MacoCaml in the OCaml compiler, and ported two substantial existing libraries to validate our implementation.
More Fixpoints! (Functional Pearl)
Authors: Breitner Joachim
Published: August 2023

Haskell’s laziness allows the programmer to solve some problems naturally and declaratively via recursive equations. Unfortunately, if the input is “too recursive”, these very elegant idioms can fall into the dreaded black hole, and the programmer has to resort to more pedestrian approaches.

It does not have to be that way: We built variants of common pure data structures (Booleans, sets) where recursive definitions are productive. Internally, the infamous unsafePerformIO is at work, but the user only sees a beautiful and pure API, and their pretty recursive idioms – magically – work again.
Calculating Compilers for Concurrency
Authors: Bahr Patrick , Hutton Graham
Published: August 2023

Choice trees have recently been introduced as a general structure
for defining the semantics of programming languages with a wide variety
of features and effects. In this article we focus on concurrent languages,
and show how a codensity version of choice trees allows the semantics
for such languages to be systematically transformed into compilers using
equational reasoning techniques. The codensity construction is the key
ingredient that enables a high-level, algebraic approach. As a case
study, we calculate a compiler for a concurrent lambda calculus with
channel-based communication.
Etna: An Evaluation Platform for Property-Based Testing (Experience Report)
Authors: Shi Jessica , Keles Alperen , Goldstein Harrison , Pierce Benjamin C. , Lampropoulos Leonidas
Published: August 2023

Property-based testing is a mainstay of functional programming, boasting a rich literature, an enthusiastic user community, and an abundance of tools — so many, indeed, that new users may have difficulty choosing. Moreover, any given framework may support a variety of strategies for generating test inputs; even experienced users may wonder which are better in a given situation. Sadly, the PBT literature, though long on creativity, is short on rigorous comparisons to help answer such questions.

We present Etna, a platform for empirical evaluation and comparison of PBT techniques. Etna incorporates a number of popular PBT frameworks and testing workloads from the literature, and its extensible architecture makes adding new ones easy, while handling the technical drudgery of performance measurement. To illustrate its benefits, we use Etna to carry out several experiments with popular PBT approaches in both Coq and Haskell, allowing users to more clearly understand best practices and tradeoffs.
Automatic Resource Augmentation for Machine Translation in Low Resource Language:
EnIndic Corpus
Authors: Banerjee Anasua , Kumar Vinay , Shankar Achyut , Jhaveri Rutvij H. , Banik Debajyoty
Published: August 2023

Parallel corpus is the primary ingredient of machine translation. It is required to train the statistical machine translation (SMT) and neural machine translation (NMT) systems. There is a lack of good quality parallel corpus for Hindi to English. Comparable corpora for a given language pair are comparatively easy to find, but this cannot be used directly in SMT or NMT systems. As a result, we generate a parallel corpus from the comparable corpus. For this purpose, the sentences (which are translations of each other) are mined from the comparable corpus to prepare the parallel corpus. The proposed algorithm uses the length of the sentence and word translation model to align sentence pairs that are translations of each other. Then, the sentence pairs that are poor translations of each other (measured by a similarity score based on IBM model 1 translation probability) are filtered out. We apply this algorithm to comparable corpora, which are crawled from speeches of the President and Vice-President of India, and mined parallel corpora out of them. The prepared parallel corpus contains good quality aligned sentences (with 96.338% f-score). Subsequently, incorrect sentence pairs are filtered out manually to make the corpus in qualitative practical use. Finally, we gather various sentences from different sources to prepare the EnIndic corpus, which comprises 1,656,207 English-Hindi sentence pairs (miscellaneous domain). We have deployed this prepared largest English-Hindi parallel corpus at https://github.com/debajyoty/EnIndic.git
and the source code at https://github.com/debajyoty/EnIndicSourceCode.git.
Student perceptions of Twitter poll-based formative assessment in a rural medical college in India
Authors: Mondal Himel , Mondal Shaikat , Ray Nirupama
Published: August 2023

The study presents the participation of medical students in Twitter poll-based formative assessment in a rural medical college in India. Despite low participation rates, students found social media-based formative assessment highly effective in increasing their attention during class. The study also reveals student preferences for alternative platforms like Telegram and Instagram. These insights contribute significantly to understanding the impact and relevance of social media-based formative assessment in diverse educational contexts.
The Effect of Malathion Concentration and Exposure Time on Histopathological Changes in the Liver and Gill of Rainbow Trout
Authors: Ghafarifarsani Hamed , Raeeszadeh Mahdieh , Hajirezaee Saeed , Ghafari Farsani Sadegh , Mansouri Chorehi Mohammad
Published: August 2023

Exposure of aquatic organisms to organophosphorus pollutants is a subject of keen interest to biologists and environmental scientists. Examining histopathological changes in the tissues of exposed animals can provide great insights to understand the health condition of the organisms. This study examined the effects of malathion concentration and exposure time on the liver and gill tissues of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a laboratory condition and tried to provide a quantitative assessment for the analysis of these effects. The experiment was conducted in three treatments including 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 mg/L of malathion for 1, 5, and 9 days with a nonexposed group as control, in three replicates. The liver and gill samples were fixed in buffered formalin. About 5 µ tissue sections were prepared using the conventional histological methods and stained using the hematoxylin–eosin method. Histopathological changes in the liver and gill tissues were quantified by grading and the resulting data were analyzed by rank-based estimation. The results showed that histopathological changes in the liver and gill tissues are more affected by the malathion concentration than by the duration of the exposure. However, longer exposure had an intensifying effect on the tissue damage caused by the malathion at higher concentrations. The presence of melanomacrophages as an indicator of malathion toxicity was determined. The fish exposed to 0.075 mg/L malathion for 9 days showed atrophy in the liver and gill tissues, indicating cell death and functional inactivation. Histopathological changes in the liver and gills confirmed the dose-dependent effect of malathion on the rainbow trout.
Advancing 5G Connectivity: A Comprehensive Review of MIMO Antennas for 5G Applications
Authors: Tiwari Poonam , Gahlaut Vishant , Kaushik Meenu , Rani Preeti , Shastri Anshuman , Singh Bhupender
Published: August 2023

The review focuses on the emergence of 5G wireless communication and the need for multiple-input multiple-output antennas to support high-speed communication systems. The article discusses the advantages of MIMO antennas, including increased channel capacity and the ability to focus radio frequency energy on specific users. However, the challenges of creating compact MIMO antennas with ideal isolation are addressed, including short wavelengths, connection losses, constrained bandwidth, and path losses in the millimeter-wave range. Design techniques and methods to enhance the performance of conventional antennas for 5G applications are discussed, along with potential solutions for upcoming challenges. The article provides an overview of MIMO antennas for 5G applications, covering frequency bands, system architecture, advantages, challenges, advancements, performance enhancement techniques, design techniques, and state-of-the-art developments.
Schizophrenia-Like Psychotic Symptoms Associated to Leigh Syndrome
Authors: Jaballah F. , Ben Soussia Nouira R. , Mallouli S. , Boussaid H. , Younes S. , Zarrouk L. , Younes S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Leigh syndrome (LS) is a mitochondrial disease characterized by subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy with an estimated incidence of 1:40,000 births. The comorbidity of psychotic symptoms noted in mitochondrial and psychiatric diseases has spurred interest in the effects of DNA mutations and psychiatric disorders. Case presentation. We report the case of a Tunisian 28-year-old male diagnosed with maternally inherited Leigh syndrome. He presented anxiety and auditory hallucinations, and he reported a vague, unsystematized delusion evolving since 6 months. Significant remission was observed at risperidone 3 mg/day. Discussion. The normality of explorations in our case raised the issue of the link between the two diseases, supporting the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction maybe the primary origin of psychotic disorders. Conclusion. The aim of our work is to study the relations between mitochondrial dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms. Further study of mitochondrial dysfunction in psychiatric disorders is expected to be useful for the development of cellular disease markers and new psychotropics.
Projeto e antiprojeto para a democracia no Brasil: o antagonismo entre Gilberto Freyre e Florestan Fernandes
Authors: Zullo Gustavo
Published: August 2023

Este artigo contrapõe as obras de Gilberto Freyre e Florestan Fernandes como propostas sociais antagônicas para o Brasil. De um lado, o projeto patriarcal de Freyre, fundamentado na arbitrariedade dos herdeiros dos senhores de escravos, adulterou o significado de democracia. De outro, Florestan identificou na colonização os fundamentos da ordem antissocial e dos dilemas sociais que devem ser superados para que o povo, sobretudo o negro, emerja como protagonista de um processo revolucionário contra a ordem burguesa.
Negotiating Catholic Sexual Ethics
Authors: Mapasure Martha , Dillen Annemie
Published: August 2023

Catholic teachings on sexuality have long stirred controversies and global debates insofar as they put the value of women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights into question. In the Catholic Church, there are ongoing debates among scholars, including theologians and feminists. Various theologians, such as Tina Beattie, have argued that the Church’s doctrines on sexuality do not take into account the daily experiences of a large group of Catholics, especially in relation to the topic of birth control.

In this paper, we present a review of empirical studies on the topic of ‘lived sexual ethics.’ Using an integrative review method, we compared nine empirical studies on ordinary Catholic women’s views on and experiences with Catholic teachings on sexual ethics with three aims in mind. Firstly, we present the methodology and conceptual framework (agency) that the study used. Secondly, we present one strategy and four arguments of the Catholic women in nine different contexts. Lastly, we analyze which approaches to agency from each of these could be considered when reflecting on sexual ethics from the perspective of lived experiences of Catholics.
“You Shall Not Marry a Canaanite!” Endogamy, (Canaanite) Exogamy and Theology in Genesis 12–50
Authors: Ford William
Published: August 2023

In Gen 12–50 the interactions between the patriarchs and the Canaanites are more positive than in the later Hebrew Scriptures, with the exception of the ban on marriage. This article examines the relevant passages in Genesis (24; 26:34–28:9; 34 and especially 38), reading them canonically, particularly in light of the patriarchal promises which form a key underlying theme of the patriarchal narratives. It is argued that while the passages discourage exogamy, the situation is more complex than a simple ban. This is particularly so in the case of Tamar (Gen 38). While (probably) Canaanite she is the hero of the story and the ancestor of both David and Jesus, becoming an important part of the fulfilment of the promises. A brief comparison with the conquest narratives suggest that this complexity is also evident there, and that the focus is not on ethnicity but on one’s attitude to YHWH.
Papuamicrus gen. n., a new genus of Cephenniini from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: August 2023

A new genus of Cephenniini, Papuamicrus gen. n. (type species Papuamicrus globosus sp. n.) is described based on specimens collected in Papua New Guinea. The new genus belongs to the ‘Cephennomicrus group’ of genera and is characterized by a highly ‘reductive morphology’ of the dorsum, lacking pronotal pits and elytral foveae, but having uniquely shaped prosternal and mesoventral processes and a highly unusual for Cephenniini aedeagal structure with a basal lentiform sclerotization situated at middle of a small diaphragm shifted to the basal surface of the median lobe. Updated identification key to the world genera of Cephenniini is given to accommodate the new taxon.
A Convergent Fabrication of Silk Fibroin Coated Magnesium Oxide Conjugated Phosphate Functionalized Chitosan Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Li Xi , Yi Yong-tao , Guo Pei-yu , Zhou Ru-dan , Li Hua
Published: August 2023

The potential of injectable hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides (NPH) for repairing significant bone defects seems promising. Yet their osteogenic, angiogenic, and mechanical characteristics fall short of expectations. To overcome these disadvantages of chitosan-based hydrogels,
silk fibroin-coated magnesium oxide nanoparticles (SF-MgO-NPs) were integrated into fabricated aqueous-soluble phosphocreatine-functionalized chitosan (CMP) solution to create a CMP@SF-MgO-NPs injectable hydrogel via supramolecular assembly. This hydrogel’s phosphocreatine acts as a
reservoir to regulate Mg2+ release and as a location for supramolecular interaction with MgO-NPs. Injectable CMP@SF-MgO hydrogels encouraged in vitro calcium phosphate (CaP) deposition, ALP activity, and proliferation to MC3T3-E1 cells. This hydrogel (CMP@SF-MgO-NPs(5)) was also highly
effective in stimulating the growth of new bone in calvarial lesions of critical size in rats. Therefore, the injectable hydrogel made of CMP@SF-MgO-NPs shows promising potential for bone regeneration.
Green Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles from Oldenlandia diffusa: Characterization and Therapeutic Activities
Authors: Kong Ying , Velu Periyannan , Vijayalakshmi Annamalai , Yuan Chao
Published: August 2023

This study investigated green synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) using Oldenlandia diffusa, its cauterization, and therapeutic propertieson liver cancer cells via an in-vitro approach. Anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic properties of MNP were evaluated.
Synthesis of MNP was confirmed via UV-visible spectroscopy. Oldenlandia diffusa MNP (20–40 nm) showed absorption peak at 327 nm in UV-visible, XRD, EDX and FTIR spectral analysis. MNP were monoclinic, and rhombohedral with two stretching peaks at 646 cm−1, and
1098 cm−1 confirming Fe–O–Fe mode and Fe = O due to the iron element. IC50 values for MNP (IC50 74 μg/ml & 58 μg/ml) using DPPH and ABTS methods were high as compared to aqueous leaf extract of Oldenlandia diffusa
confirming anti-oxidant properties. MNP exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity with maximum inhibition of 82.17±0.82 μg/ml for α-glucosidase inhibitory action of 84.82±0.89 μg/ml. MNP showed dose-dependant in-vitro tumor suppression
activity against HepG2 cells (16.08% at 150 μg/ml and 28.31% at 150 μg/ml). MNP also demonstrated anti-leishmanial activity at 400 g/ml (74.26±0.82 g/ml for promastigotes and 69.40±0.69 μg/ml for amastigotes). Oldenlandia diffusa actively
bonded with magnetic Fe-nanoparticles and suppressed the growth of HepG2 cells. It demonstrated anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-leishmanaland anti-diabetic activities. Thus, Oldenlandia diffusa is a potential anti-cancer therapeutic drug for liver cancer.