bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Event Studies with a Continuous Treatment
Authors: Callaway Brantly , Goodman-Bacon Andrew , Sant'Anna Pedro H. C.
Published: May 2024

This paper builds on the identification results and estimation tools for continuous difference-in-difference designs in Callaway, Goodman-Bacon, and Sant'Anna (2024) to discuss aggregation strategies for event studies with continuous treatments. Estimates from continuous designs are functions of the treatment dosage/intensity variable. Nonparametric plots of these functions show heterogeneity across doses but not heterogeneity over time. Event-study-type plots of aggregated parameters achieve the opposite. We describe how partially aggregating across treatment doses and event time can lead to readable yet nuanced figures that reflect how causal effects evolve over time, potentially in different parts of the treatment dose distribution.
Origins of US Inflation
Authors: Sims Christopher A.
Published: May 2024

Measuring fiscal pressure on inflation by the ratio of the primary deficit to the outstanding federal debt, this paper traces its growth through the 1970s, along with the shifts in the politics of deficits. There are thought-provoking parallels to the pandemic-era deficits and the subsequent inflation.
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Algorithms
Authors: Ludwig Jens , Mullainathan Sendhil , Rambachan Ashesh
Published: May 2024

We calculate the social return on algorithmic interventions (specifically, their marginal value of public funds (MVPF)) across multiple domains of interest to economists—regulation, criminal justice, medicine, and education. Though these algorithms are different, the results are similar and striking. Each one has an MVPF of infinity: not only does it produce large benefits, it provides a “free lunch.” We do not take these numbers to mean these interventions ought to be necessarily scaled but rather that much more research and development should be devoted to developing and carefully evaluating algorithmic solutions to policy problems.
Algorithmic Fairness and Social Welfare
Authors: Liang Annie , Lu Jay
Published: May 2024

What constitutes a fair algorithm? In the literature on algorithmic fairness, a common approach is to formulate fairness concerns as statistical constraints and to select the most accurate algorithm satisfying this constraint. This approach is facially distinct from a long tradition in economics based on social welfare, where the utilities of different social identities are aggregated from behind a veil of ignorance. We show that the constrained optimization and social welfare approaches can be fundamentally opposed and propose a framework that nests both approaches as special cases.
Global Managers, Local Workers: Wage Setting inside a Multinational Firm
Authors: Minni Virginia
Published: May 2024

How are wages set within a multinational firm? Combining cross-country data on wages and labor regulations with personnel records of a large multinational firm, I find that wage setting depends on the rank of the employee in the firm hierarchy. For managers, wages are set by the headquarters regardless of local labor market conditions. For factory workers, wages are adjusted according to country-specific wages and labor regulations. These results suggest that the multinational's internal labor market shields managers from changes in external market conditions, while the firm adapts to local labor markets for factory workers.
In Search of Dynamic Complementarities between Early and Later Education: Evidence from North Carolina’s Pre-K and K–12 School Funding Reforms
Authors: Jenkins Jade M. , Watts Tyler W. , Dodge Kenneth A.
Published: May 2024

We extend Johnson and Jackson's (2019) seminal paper on dynamic complementarities between early and late educational opportunities using modern-day programs in North Carolina. We exploit exogenous variation in the allocations made to counties for state pre-K funding (NC Pre-K) and K-12 funding allocations made to districts resulting from a court-ordered school funding reform known as the Disadvantaged Student Supplemental Fund (DSSF)—both during the mid-2000s. We find that DSSF-induced increases in K-12 per pupil expenditures had null or possibly negative impacts on students' fifth grade academic achievement. We also find no evidence of complementarities with NC Pre-K investments.
The Effect of Early Childhood Programs on Third-Grade Test Scores: Evidence from Transitional Kindergarten in Michigan
Authors: Berne Jordan , Jacob Brian , Musaddiq Tareena , Shapiro Anna , Weiland Christina
Published: May 2024

Transitional kindergarten (TK) is a relatively recent entrant into the US early education landscape, combining features of public pre-K and regular kindergarten. We provide the first estimates of the impact of Michigan's TK program on third-grade test scores. Using an augmented regression discontinuity design, we find that TK improves third-grade test scores by 0.29 (math) and 0.19 (English language arts) standard deviations relative to a counterfactual that includes other formal and informal early learning options. These impacts are notably large relative to the prior pre-K literature.
Employment and Earnings of Men at High Risk of Gun Violence
Authors: Kapustin Max , Bhatt Monica P. , Heller Sara B. , Bertrand Marianne , Blattman Christopher
Published: May 2024

Since Becker (1968), economists have modeled crime as resulting from higher returns to criminal activity than legal work. Yet contemporary employment data for people engaged in crime is scarce. We surveyed men at extreme risk of gun violence in Chicago about their work in the formal, informal, and criminal sectors. Noncriminal work is common. Two-thirds of respondents specialize solely in the criminal or noncriminal sectors, both earning about minimum wage at the median. Those who mix across sectors typically earn higher wages. We describe workers by type to demonstrate how better understanding sectoral specialization could inform program design.
The Lasting Impacts of School Shootings on Youth Psychotropic Drug Use
Authors: Pienkny Max , Rossin-Slater Maya , Schnell Molly , Schwandt Hannes
Published: May 2024

This paper estimates the effects of fatal school shootings on youth psychotropic drug use over the subsequent five and a half years. Using an event study approach that compares trends in drugs prescribed by providers practicing close to a school shooting relative to those practicing slightly farther away, we find that fatal school shootings lead to large increases in youth psychotropic drug use that persist for years after the event. These effects are driven primarily by increases in prescriptions for antid epressants and antipsychotics and are observed among both youths who were previously taking psychotropic medication and those who were not.
Spillovers and Training Effects on Mental Health Prescribing for Children
Authors: Currie Janet , MacLeod W. Bentley , Ouyang Mengsong
Published: May 2024

We use data on all prescriptions filled at U.S. retail pharmacies from 2006-2018 to examine deviations from best practice in the prescription of psychiatric medications to children. The results demonstrate the importance of spillovers from other doctors in the same area. However, individual doctor fixed effects remain extremely important. We also show that the practice styles of doctors who graduated in the same year from schools of the same rank evolve in a similar way across the country. Psychiatrists are less affected by area-level prescribing than general practitioners suggesting that specific training can reduce spillovers in questionable prescribing practices.
Change Behavior, Motivation Will Follow(?): Acquired Taste and Incentives
Authors: Chapman Gretchen , Gneezy Uri
Published: May 2024

Whereas it is well established that changing motivation can affect behavior, we pose the opposite question: can changing behavior alter motivation? We examine three phenomena that provide an affirmative answer. Preference discovery occurs when a new behavior (e.g., trying sushi) reveals a previously hidden preference. Acquired tastes are new preferences that develop with repeated behavior (e.g. drinking coffee), often requiring individuals to overcome initial aversions. Habit formation entails a behavior that is initially incentivized but then maintained after the incentive is removed (e.g., maintaining a gym habit). In each case, incentives can catalyze the new motivation.
Race, Police Violence, and Financial Decision-Making
Authors: Bogan Vicki L. , Kramer Lisa A. , Liao Chi , Niessen-Ruenzi Alexandra
Published: May 2024

We find an economically and statistically significant effect of race-based police violence on home ownership and retirement savings. Using restricted-use Panel Study of Income Dynamics data, we show that Black individuals exposed to the fatality of a Black person caused by or involving police subsequently experience decreased homeownership, home equity, and defined contribution pension participation relative to non-Black individuals in the same zip code. Our findings suggest that race-based violence affects not only those immediately involved but also entire racial communities in the vicinity. These decreases in illiquid assets imply negative long-term consequences for Black households' wealth accumulation.
Who Is Financially Constrained in Their Choice of Contraceptive Method? Lessons from M-CARES
Authors: Bailey Martha J. , Bart Lea , Prettyman Alexa , Lang Vanessa Wanner , Dalton Vanessa
Published: May 2024

The Michigan Contraceptive Access, Research, and Evaluation Study (M-CARES) is a randomized control trial that examines how financial constraints affect the choice of contraceptives among uninsured individuals. Although all M-CARES participants are highly financially constrained, these constraints are more binding in some subgroups. Black women, women with less than a high school degree, and women with incomes above 250 percent of the federal poverty line are less financially constrained, whereas married women and those with three or more children are more financially constrained. A mediation analysis shows that attitudes and beliefs about contraception do not explain this heterogeneity across groups.
Reassessing the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis
Authors: Card David , Rothstein Jesse , Yi Moises
Published: May 2024

Using Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics data, we demonstrate several facts that are not consistent with the “spatial mismatch” hypothesis that residential segregation and uneven distribution of jobs limit Black workers' opportunities. We show that (a) there is no Black-White gap in the firm premium component of wages in an Abowd-Kramarz-Margolis wage decomposition; (b) there are both more jobs and more good jobs within commuting distance of Black than White workers; and (c) Black workers' commutes are shorter. We conclude that geographic proximity to good jobs is not a major source of racial earnings gaps in major US cities today.
Parenthood and Academic Career Trajectories
Authors: Lassen Anne Sophie , Ivandić Ria
Published: May 2024

Women continue to be underrepresented in the field of economics, especially among permanent faculty. As parenthood is an important driver of gender inequality in the labor market, we study the impact of children on the academic careers of economists. We find no evidence of delayed or reduced fertility among researchers. Event study estimates reveal that both men's and women's career trajectories are affected by parenthood and face increasing attrition from universities. Men move into the broader research sector, while women leave research completely. We also find a gender gap in the promotion to tenured faculty in the years following parenthood.
The Influence of COVID-19 on Young Women's Labor Market Aspirations and Expectations in India
Authors: Anukriti S , Herrera-Almanza Catalina , Ochmann Sophie
Published: May 2024

Youth unemployment and gender gaps in labor market outcomes are key policy challenges across developing countries. Young job seekers may struggle to find jobs because of their biased beliefs and unrealistic aspirations about the labor market. We study whether exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the labor market aspirations and expectations of female vocational students in Haryana, India. We find that exposure to the pandemic lowered young women's wage aspirations and made them more realistic, especially in rural areas. A potential mechanism for these effects is the decline in rural women's willingness to migrate for work due to the pandemic.
The Impact of Hormonal Contraception on Teen Suicide
Authors: Ragan Kelly
Published: May 2024

I use direct data on hormonal contraceptive sales across markets proximate to the pill's introduction in Sweden to study how the diffusion of hormonal contraception is associated with changes in suicide among teenage girls. I do not find evidence of a large positive association between the spread of hormonal contraception and teen suicide. Although recent epidemiological studies suggest large effects on suicide associated with hormonal contraceptive use, effects that are most pronounced among teenagers, the data and natural experiment design I employ reject such large positive effects as being inconsistent with the data.
Does Reducing Early School Tracking Affect Health Behaviors?
Authors: Canaan Serena
Published: May 2024

This paper examines how delaying the age of school tracking affects long-term health behaviors and access to preventive care. I exploit a reform of the French middle school system, which delayed the placement of students into vocational and academic education by two years. Tracking was mostly replaced by grouping students into achievement-based classrooms. I find that the reform has no significant effects on health behaviors that are associated with increased mortality, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, an d obesity. It does, however, increase the likelihood of getting on-time preventive screening for chronic illnesses, such as cholesterol and glycemic index tests.
What Explains Black Employment Dynamics?
Authors: Boulware Karl David , Kuttner Kenneth N.
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the proximate causes of excessively cyclical employment growth and persistently high unemployment among Black workers, relative to White workers. Using data from the Quarterly Workforce Indicators and Job-to-Job Flows, we find that the concentration of Black workers in highly cyclical industries cannot account for the excess cyclicality; rather, Black employment tends to be more volatile regardless of industry. The high level and excessive cyclicality of unemployment among Blacks compared to Whites can be traced to lower job finding rates overall and higher and more cyclical separation rates in most industries.
Demographic Diversity and Economic Research: Fields of Specialization and Research on Race, Ethnicity, and Inequality
Authors: Antman Francisca M. , Doran Kirk B. , Qian Xuechao , Weinberg Bruce A.
Published: May 2024

Using dissertation research topics found in the EconLit database and large-scale algorithmic methods that identify author demographics based on names, we explore the link between race and ethnicity and fields of economic research. We find that underrepresented racial and ethnic minority (URM) researchers are more likely to write dissertations in some unexpected subfields of economics but limited evidence that they are more likely to write dissertations on racial topics once we include basic controls. These descriptive results may be due to limitations in the data, intrinsic motivations, or external constraints.
Histopathological comparison of colorectal neoplasia or polyps development between young adults and older adults: Our experience of 735 consecutive cases and 1269 polyps
Authors: Koyuncuer Ali
Published: May 2024

Objective: In recent decades, there has been an increase in early-onset colorectal cancer, the need to screen individuals younger than 50 years of age, and the presence of histopathological differences remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the occurrence of polyps in both young adults and older individuals and to examine their potential correlation with colorectal cancer.
Methods: In this retrospective study conducted between July 1, 2018, and October 5, 2022, in the Pathology Laboratory, we designed a study based on the histopathological features of colorectal polyps evaluated by an experienced gastrointestinal pathologist based on the WHO 2019 classification.
Results: We evaluated 735 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy between July 2018 and October 2022. The prevalence of cases under the age of 50 was 13.9%, and adults over the age of 50 was 86.1%. A total of 1269 polyps were detected, 1215 (95.7%) were epithelial polyps and 145 (11.9%) were epithelial polyps under the age of 50. One hundred four conventional adenomas and four intramucosal carcinomas were detected in cases younger than 50 years. The patients in the low-risk adenoma group was 57%, and the rate of patients in the high-risk adenoma group was 14.9%. Overall, polyps were most common in the sigmoid colon and there was a statistically significant difference between detecting tubular adenomas in the sigmoid colon (P=0.04).
Conclusions: Our current results confirm the detection of sporadic colorectal adenomas and advanced neoplasia in young adults.It is important to establish professional community guidelines for surveillance colonoscopy in these age groups.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.8475
How to cite this: Koyuncuer A. Histopathological comparison of colorectal neoplasia or polyps development between young adults and older adults: Our experience of 735 consecutive cases and 1269 polyps. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(6):1111-1115. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.8475
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Phenotypic identification of different β-Lactamases in intrinsic and acquired colistin resistant uropathogenic gram negative bacteria
Authors: Arif Ambreen , Ullah Ihsan , Zaman Ronaq , Mehmood Khan Arif
Published: May 2024

Objective: Identification of MBL, AmpC and ESBLs in colistin intrinsic and acquired resistant uropathogenic gram negative bacteria.
Method: Urine samples were collected from Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar during 17 January to 30 June 2019. Collected urine samples were aseptically transported microbiology lab of Health Research Institution (HRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Khyber Medical College, Peshawar and streaked on different media. Positive growth was identified by API-10s. Antibiotic sensitivity profile was done by Modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Detection of metallo βlactamases (MBL) production by Imipenem EDTA synergy test, Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) for detection of ESBLs and D-test for the detection of inducible AmpC beta lactamases test was used. Colistin resistance was identified via broth micro dilution according to CLSI manual. Colistin resistant bacteria was divided in two categories; acquired and intrinsic resistant bacteria according to CLSI manual.
Results: Out of 2000 urine samples, 281(14%) gram-negative bacteria were isolated. Among positive samples, acquired colistin resistant bacteria were 241 and intrinsic resistant bacteria were 40 isolates. MBL was produce by twenty one (11.7%) E.coli and seventeen (40.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Serratia Oderifora and Proteus Marblis were ESBLs producing bacteria. AmpC production was prevalent in fourteen (7.8%) E. coli and twelve (28.6%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fifty-five samples showed resistance to colistin out of 241 samples. In colistin resistant bacteria, two E.coli were MBL, ESBLs, while one E.coli was ESBLs, AmpC co-producing bacteria. The most prevalent extended drug resistant bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.6%) and Escherichia coli (6.1%), While 155(86.6%) Escherichia coli, 25 (59.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 22 (95.7%) Serratia Oderifora was multi drug resistant bacteria.
Conclusion: Current study concluded that ESBL, MBL AmpC enzymes and their co-expression was observed with colistin resistance in E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.8516
How to cite this: Arif A, Ihasn Ullah, Zaman R, Khan AM. Phenotypic identification of different β-Lactamases in intrinsic and acquired colistin resistant uropathogenic gram negative bacteria. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(6):1122-1128. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.8516
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Studying alternative splicing regulation by hnRNPM (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M) in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Μπιρλαντεάνου Αντράντα-Μαρία
Published: May 2024

Το εναλλακτικό μάτισμα (AS) είναι μια μετα-μεταγραφική διαδικασία που συμβάλλει στην πολυπλοκότητα του πρωτεώματος των ευκαρυωτικών οργανισμών και διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στις αποφάσεις που καθορίζουν τη μοίρα των κυττάρων. Η αλληλούχιση υψηλής απόδοσης (high-throughput sequencing) έχει αποκαλύψει ότι περίπου το 95% των γονιδίων που κωδικοποιούν ανθρώπινες πρωτεΐνες υφίστανται κάποια μορφή εναλλακτικού ματίσματος. Δεδομένης της σημασίας του εναλλακτικού ματίσματος στην ποικιλομορφία των πρωτεϊνών, τα λάθη στο μάτισμα μπορεί να προκαλέσουν κυτταρικό θάνατο ή απορρύθμιση της ανάπτυξης. Η ρύθμιση του εναλλακτικού ματίσματος εξαρτάται από τις αλληλεπιδράσεις μεταξύ διαφόρων πρωτεϊνικών παραγόντων (trans-παράγοντες, κυρίως πρωτεΐνες πλούσιες σε σερίνη-αργινίνη ή SRs, και ετερογενείς πυρηνικές ριβονουκλεοπρωτεΐνες ή hnRNPs) και των cis-στοιχείων των πρόδρομων mRNAs. Οι πρωτεΐνες hnRNP λειτουργούν μέσω δικτύων αλληλεπίδρασης τόσο μεταξύ τους όσο και μεταξύ άλλων πυρηνικών πρωτεϊνών και RNA. Η πρωτεΐνη hnRNPM, είναι μία άφθονο και κυρίως πυρηνική hnRNP. Ο κύριος ρόλος της hnRNPM θεωρείται ότι είναι η συμμετοχή της στη συναρμολόγηση του ματισματοσώματος και τη γενικότερη διαδικασία ματίσματος, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της διαδικασίας του εναλλακτικού ματίσματος. Πρόσφατα, η hnRNPM συσχετίστηκε με την εξέλιξη ορισμένων τύπων καρκίνου, υποδηλώνοντας ότι η επίδρασή της στο μάτισμα ή η αλληλεπίδρασή της με άλλες πρωτεΐνες μπορεί να παίζει ρόλο στη μετάσταση4 των καρκινικών αυτών τύπων. Πρόσφατα, η ομάδα της Δρ. Καφάσλα ανακάλυψε ότι η πρωτεΐνη IQGAP1 (IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1), γνωστή κυρίως για την λειτουργία της στο κυτταρόπλασμα, αλληλεπιδρά με παράγοντες που συμμετέχουν στη ρύθμιση του ματίσματος, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της πρωτεΐνης hnRNPM, στον πυρήνα καρκινικών κυττάρων στομάχου. Ο σκοπός αυτής της μελέτης είναι να προσδιορίσει εάν η hnRNPM έχει ρόλο στην εξέλιξη του καρκίνου του στομάχου μέσω ρύθμισης του εναλλακτικού ματίσματος, και επιπλέον εάν αυτός ο ρόλος εξαρτάται από την πρωτεΐνη IQGAP1.
Η κοινωνική διάσταση της σύγχρονης μουσικής στην εκπαίδευση
Authors: Πασιόπουλος Γεώργιος
Published: May 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή αποσκοπεί στην ανάδειξη και ερμηνεία της επιρροής της σύγχρονης μουσικής στην εκπαίδευση και πιο συγκεκριμένα της επιρροής του low bap μουσικού κινήματος σε εκπαιδευτικούς και μαθητές/τριες της περιοχής του Περάματος. Η ιδιαίτερη συμβολή της εστιάζεται ότι λαμβάνει υπόψη ενός πλήθους πληροφοριών που συνδέονται με κοινωνικά, οικονομικά, πολιτιστικά και πολιτικά συμφραζόμενα της επίδρασης του low bap κινήματος στην τοπική κοινωνία και ευρύτερα στους/στις νέους/ες της περιοχής του Πειραιά. Μέσω της πολυσχιδούς δραστηριότητας που ανέπτυξε το εν λόγω κίνημα δημιούργησε συλλογικότητες που με τη σειρά τους γέννησαν ομάδες με ιδιαίτερα και διακριτά χαρακτηριστικά. Ο ερευνητικός σχεδιασμός αποσκοπεί στη δόμηση της ολιστικής εικόνας της επιρροής του low bap κινήματος εξετάζοντας τόσο την οπτική των εκπαιδευτικών όσο και των μαθητών/τριών. Για τον λόγο αυτό, επιλέχτηκε η προσέγγιση των μικτών μεθόδων και, πιο συγκεκριμένα, ο σχεδιασμός τριγωνισμού (triangulation design). Το ποιοτικό σκέλος της έρευνας υλοποιήθηκε με ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις σε εκπαιδευτικούς διαφορετικών ειδικοτήτων Πρωτοβάθμιας και Δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης που υπηρετούν στο Πέραμα. Η ανάλυση του υλικού των συνεντεύξεων έγινε με τη μέθοδο της ανάλυσης περιεχομένου εστιάζοντας κυρίως σε “πρότυπες” αναφορές. To ποσοτικό σκέλος της έρευνας υλοποιήθηκε με τη συλλογή 543 ερωτηματολογίων από ένα δείγμα μαθητών/τριών, που φοιτούν σε σχολεία της Πρωτοβάθμιας και Δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης στην περιοχή του Περάματος. Τα δεδομένα που συλλέχθηκαν υποβλήθηκαν σε δύο αναλύσεις: μία περιγραφική (με υπολογισμό της συχνότητας, μέσης τιμής και τυπικών αποκλίσεων) και μία επαγωγική (με έλεγχο συσχέτισης και ελέγχους διαφοροποίησης). Η συνάρθρωση των δύο προσεγγίσεων υλοποιήθηκε στο επίπεδο των αποτελεσμάτων που προέκυψαν από τα δύο σκέλη. Πρωτίστως, η Low bap αποτέλεσε και αποτελεί ακόμα, αν και με μειωμένη πλέον επίδραση, ένα πρωτοποριακό για την εποχή του μουσικό κίνημα που με την πολυσχιδή δράση που ανέπτυξε στην τοπική κοινωνία ξεπέρασε τα καθαρά στεγανά και πρότυπα ενός μουσικού συγκροτήματος και παρείχε τα κίνητρα σε πολίτες, αλλά κυρίως σε νεους/ές της ευρύτερης περιοχής, για πολιτιστικές κινήσεις και δράσεις, γεννώντας, μεταξύ άλλων, συλλογικότητες και ομάδες που παρήγαγαν με τη σειρά τους ευρήματα με ξεκάθαρο ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον. Η μελέτη τέτοιων ομάδων αποτελεί άλλωστε στις μέρες μας αντικείμενο έρευνας της σύγχρονης λαογραφικής επιστήμης.
Περιφερική λοξή δεσμίδα μεσόστεου υμένα αντιβραχίου
Authors: Αγγελής Σταύρος
Published: May 2024

Η περιφερική λοξή δεσμίδα του μεσόστεου υμένα του αντιβραχίου αποτελεί τμήμα του άπω μεμβρανώδους τμήματος της μεσοστέου μεμβράνης του αντιβραχίου και αντιμετωπίζεται ως αναγνωρίσιμη ξεχωριστή δομή από το 2009, οπότε και αναφέρθηκε για πρώτη φορά ως «Distal Oblique Bundle (DOB)». Ονομάστηκε έτσι από τους Noda και συν. στο άρθρο τους «Interosseous membrane of the forearm: an anatomical study of ligament attachment locations» που δημοσιεύθηκε τον Μάρτιο του 2009 στο «Journal of Hand Surgery (Am.)». Αναλυτικά, ο ορισμός όπως δόθηκε έχει ως εξής: «η DOB αποτελεί το παχύτερο τμήμα του άπω μεμβρανώδους τμήματος της μεσοστέου μεμβράνης που εκτείνεται μεταξύ του περιφερικού ενός έκτου της διάφυσης της ωλένης, από το ύψος περίπου του εγγύς χείλους του τετράγωνου πρηνιστή και αφού επεκταθεί περιφερικά και αναμειχθεί με τον θυλακικό ιστό της κάτω κερκιδωλενικής διάρθρωσης, εισέρχεται στο εγγύτερο όριο του ραχιαίου χείλους της σιγμοειδούς εντομής της κερκίδας. Επιπλέον, κάποιες ίνες της εκτείνονται περιφερικότερα κατά μήκος του πρόσθιου και οπίσθιου χείλους της σιγμοειδούς εντομής και επομένως η DOB φαίνεται πως παρουσιάζει συνέχεια με τον παλαμιαίο κερκιδωλενικό σύνδεσμο και τον ραχιαίο κερκιδωλενικό σύνδεσμο του τρίγωνου ινοχόνδρινου συμπλέγματος».Μέχρι πρόσφατα η DOB δεν αναγνωριζόταν ως ξεχωριστή δομή. Δεν παρατηρείται σε όλον τον πληθυσμό αλλά, όπως επισημαίνουν πρόσφατες μελέτες παίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στη σταθερότητα της κάτω κερκιδωλενικής διάρθρωσης, όταν είναι παρούσα. Το θέμα δεν έχει αναλυθεί από μεγάλο αριθμό συγγραφέων και η μελέτη του πρακτικά εξελίσσεται την τελευταία 15ετία. Ωστόσο, το ενδιαφέρον πάνω στο αντικείμενο αυξάνεται στους κύκλους των χειρουργών που ασχολούνται με την πηχεοκαρπική και την άκρα χείρα. Θεωρείται πολύ πιθανό να δώσει καίριες απαντήσεις και λύσεις στην πολυσύνθετη βιομηχανική των ασταθειών της κάτω κερκιδωλενικής, όπου σε πάρα πολλές περιπτώσεις οι συμβατικές τεχνικές αποκατάστασης δεν είναι επαρκείς. Η ανασκόπηση που θα επιχειρήσουμε, θα προσπαθήσει να συγκεντρώσει όλη την γνώση που υπάρχει μέχρι σήμερα πάνω στην χειρουργική ανατομία της περιοχής, αναλύοντας και αποκωδικοποιώντας την πολύ μεγάλη βιβλιογραφία. Αντίθετα, λόγω της σχετικά πρόσφατης αναγνώρισης της δομής της DOB, η βιβλιογραφία πάνω στο συγκεκριμένο αντικείμενο είναι σχετικά περιορισμένη. Γι’ αυτόν τον λόγο, πέρα από την ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας, θα προσπαθήσουμε να προσθέσουμε έστω ένα μικρό λιθαράκι στην γνώση γύρω από την δομή και θα επιχειρήσουμε να κατευθύνουμε περαιτέρω την έρευνα που θα βελτιώσει τις τεχνικές αποκατάστασης της αστάθειας της κάτω κερκιδωλενικής, αναλύοντας τα κενά που υπάρχουν στη σύγχρονη βιβλιογραφία αλλά επιχειρώντας και να συμπληρώσουμε κάποια από αυτά. Αποτελεί ισχυρή μας πεποίθηση ότι η περιφερική λοξή δεσμίδα αξίζει να ερευνηθεί πλήρως και σε βάθος, αφού όταν είναι παρούσα , φαίνεται πως επιτελεί σημαντικό ρόλο ως ισομετρικός σταθεροποιητής της άπω κερκιδωλενικής.
Politique et esthétique du “mineur” dans le cinéma indépendant américain des années 1980 aux années 2010
Authors: Κελέρης Αργύριος
Published: May 2024

Στόχος της διατριβής αυτής είναι η μελέτη του αμερικανικού ανεξάρτητου κινηματογράφου από την άποψη μιας διαφοράς του από τον κινηματογράφο του Χόλιγουντ – μιας διαφοράς που εξετάζεται, χρησιμοποιώντας τη ντελεζική ερμηνεία, ως μια γραμμή φυγής που αποεδαφικοποιεί και αποδυναμώνει τον δεύτερο, ενώ δημιουργεί για τον πρώτο νέες μορφές έκφρασης και περιεχομένου. Αυτό προϋποθέτει την εξέταση της συνάφειας του ανεξάρτητου αμερικάνικου κινηματογράφου με τον κινηματογράφο του Χόλιγουντ σαν μια σχέση μεταξύ δύο πεδίων εμμένειας που προκύπτουν στο ίδιο επίπεδο υποδιαίρεσης ενός ευρύτερου πεδίου, αυτού του βορειοαμερικανικού κινηματογράφου. Και, ταυτόχρονα, προϋποθέτει την εξέταση της διαφοράς μεταξύ αυτών των δυο υπο-πεδίων σε ό,τι αυτή συνεπάγεται για τον κινηματογράφο-σκέψη, δηλαδή για τον κινηματογράφο που βάζει τις εικόνες-κίνηση και τις χρονο-εικόνες του να διαπραγματευτούν τις ιδιαίτερες εντάσεις που χαρακτηρίζουν την αμερικάνικη κοινωνία. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, η κύρια διαφορά θα πρέπει να αναχθεί στην εξής: από τη μια πλευρά, ο κινηματογράφος του Χόλιγουντ και οι τρόποι (είδη, αφηγηματικές συμβάσεις) με τους οποίους μεσολαβεί τη διαφορά, κυρίως αναπαριστώντας τη, και υποτάσσοντάς την στις απαιτήσεις της μεγάλης φόρμας για χάρη ενός ονείρου συνέχειας και συνοχής της αμερικάνικης κοινωνίας· και, από την άλλη πλευρά, ένας ανεξάρτητος κινηματογράφος που εστιάζει στη μειονοτική συνθήκη με τρόπο που μετασχηματίζει την αδυναμία των ανθρώπων απέναντι στο αμερικάνικο όνειρο στις καθαρές οπτικές και ακουστικές καταστάσεις που χαρακτηρίζουν αυτό που ο Ντελέζ όρισε ως ελάσσονα κινηματογράφο.
Κακομεταχείριση και παραβατικότητα ανηλίκων
Authors: Μπεζαϊντές Βασίλειος
Published: May 2024

Το αντικείμενο της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η σχέση κακομεταχείρισης και παραβατικότητας ανηλίκων. Στο πρώτο μέρος περιγράφονται και οριοθετούνται τα φαινόμενα της κακομεταχείρισης και της παραβατικότητας με έμφαση στις νομικές διαστάσεις τους. Στο δεύτερο μέρος προσεγγίζεται η σχέση κακομεταχείρισης και παραβατικότητας, αρχικά μέσω της παρουσίασης των εγκληματολογικών θεωριών που έχουν αξιοποιηθεί για τη μελέτη της σχέσης και κατόπιν μέσω μιας εκτεταμένης βιβλιογραφικής ανασκόπησης ερευνών που έχουν εξετάσει την εν λόγω σχέση. Στο τρίτο μέρος παρουσιάζεται η εμπειρική έρευνα που διεξήχθη επι της μελετώμενης σχέσης στο αρχείο της Υπηρεσίας Επιμελητών Ανηλίκων Αθηνών. Το δείγμα της έρευνας ήταν 120 ανήλικοι- θύματα κακομεταχείρισης που τέλεσαν αξιόποινες πράξεις. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας συσχετίζονται με τα δεδομένα της συναφούς εγκληματολογικής γραμματείας. Τέλος, καταγράφονται τα συμπεράσματα της διατριβής και κατατίθενται συγκεκριμένες προτάσεις αναφορικά με τη βελτίωση της προστασίας των ανήλικων θυμάτων κακομεταχείρισης και δραστών αξιόποινων πράξεων.
Os novos hábitos culturais no ecossistema dos wearables
Authors: Pellanda Eduardo Campos , Rodrigues da Cunha Mágda
Published: May 2024

As tecnologias vestíveis desenham novos hábitos culturais contemporâneos. Muitos são os fatores que levam a estas transformações e elas não ocorrem em prazos de tempo curtos, mas se constroem na soma de camadas que envolvem interesses do público e oferta da indústria. Uma revisão da bibliografia mostra que a presença do som, com o uso rotineiro de fones, em um contexto no qual as imagens se mostravam hegemônicas, se constitui em um destes hábitos que marcam mudanças graduais de consumo. No ambiente da mídia, são criadas tecnologias destinadas à apropriação individual do áudio. O aprendizado, que já vem também da pandemia, se confirma para o futuro, em aspectos nos quais os sujeitos estão sempre ativos, amplificando ou cancelando o mundo ao seu redor.
Más allá del derecho, más allá de lo internacional. ¿Qué hace falta?
Authors: Acosta-Alvarado Paola Andrea , Betancur-Restrepo Laura , Urueña René
Published: May 2024

Una lectura transversal de estos textos nos deja ver dos puntos en común: por una parte, la apertura del derecho inter- nacional a tratar temas diferentes de los clásicos, o incluso el uso de viejas herramientas para nuevos propósitos; por otra, la importancia de otras lecturas, más allá de las europeas y las meramente jurídicas. Vale la pena hacer algunas reflexiones sobre estas cuestiones que, sin duda, guiaron el propósito del seminario e irradian la publicación en la que se insertan estos documentos.
Global Health for Whom? International Law and the Third World Interests in Health Emergency
Authors: Ramos Barros Patrícia
Published: May 2024

This article is divided into three parts. First, it will deal with the meaning of global health by addressing the transition from the idea of international public health to global health and the consequences such change implies. Second, it will examine the universality of International Law before its colonial origins. In this sense, it will be analysed the contradic- tion of the intended universalism of International Law, that took place towards the end of the 19th century and the values involved in this phenomenon. In opposite, it pretends to show the way International Law can primarily answer and defend First World necessities. Third, it will lead with International Law functioning in health emergency. The Zika virus case in Latin America will be considered as an analytical example. Finally, it will present some conclusions about the relation- ship between global health and international law concerning Third World interests in health emergencies.
El derecho ambiental corporativo: un reto para el derecho en un mundo en transformación
Authors: Macías Gómez Luis Fernando
Published: May 2024

el derecho ambiental se encuentra en una encrucijada ante la arremetida de la necesidad de desarrollo, el riesgo derivado del cambio climático y, sobre todo, la tendencia a pretender que este se modernice, lo cual, en realidad, representa su regresión y debilitamiento. Por su parte, el derecho corporativo invade cada vez más las esferas económica y comercial, y la dinámica de los negocios crea a diario nuevas figuras y categorías jurídicas, todo lo cual está influido por ese proceso de americanización que actualmente experimenta el derecho en este campo. Sin embargo, la nueva gobernanza corporativa exige la protección del medioambiente, para lo cual se debe recurrir al derecho ambiental. Los juristas y operadores jurídicos tradicionalistas del derecho no comprenden a cabalidad lo ambiental, al punto de desdeñarlo; quienes practican el derecho ambiental, a su vez, no suelen comprender el derecho corporativo. Es en medio de tal confusión que florecen nuevos retos, es un mundo en transformación que se propone ir generando un cuerpo teórico de un derecho que logre fusionar ambas ramas jurídicas: el derecho ambiental corporativo. Este derecho debe aprender a comprender los principios, la interrelación y el influjo mutuo entre ambas ramas jurídicas con un solo objetivo: hacer frente al riesgo del cambio climático, a las crisis sanitarias, a la afectación a la biodiversidad, a la integración y respeto a los pueblos originarios, a los derechos humanos y a proteger el medioambiente.
La función ambiental de la interventoría en los proyectos de infraestructura en Colombia
Authors: Sierra Gómez Luis Camilo
Published: May 2024

mediante los proyectos de infraestructura se asegura la provisión, la disponibilidad y la calidad de toda clase de servicios y necesidades de las comunidades y se aboga por una transformación productiva, institucional y social de un país o una región. En principio, se considera que esta actividad corresponde al Estado; sin embargo, por diversas circunstancias, este se ha abocado a la vinculación de capital privado y su injerencia en la estructuración de este tipo de proyectos. Esto genera incertidumbre acerca de la calidad del control y el seguimiento que el Estado ejerce sobre el privado en la ejecución de los proyectos, en especial en lo que respecta a la vigilancia, el seguimiento y el control de los problemas ambientales en todo proyecto de infraestructura. Por lo anterior, cuando el Estado terceriza las actividades de control —debido a que estas escapan de sus manos por falta de los conocimientos especializados requeridos o la capacidad operativa necesaria— y estas son atendidas por un interventor que desempeña un papel como colaborador de la administración, es necesario hacer hincapié en que este tiene una función ambiental propiamente dicha, sin perjuicio de las tradicionales funciones jurídicas, técnicas y financieras comunes en este tipo de figuras. Para cerrar el análisis, se plantea que esto ocurre gracias a que el interventor posee los conocimientos especializados y se le otorga una función pública, por lo que se convierte en titular de una serie de responsabilidades específicas que respaldan la importancia de su actuar ajustado a la ley y en protección del bienestar general y del ambiente.
Megadiversidad y fracturamiento hidráulico: el significado de hacer fracking en Colombia
Authors: Polindara Romero Claudia Joan
Published: May 2024

el presente capítulo tiene como objeto analizar el impacto del fracturamiento hidráulico en los ecosistemas. A partir de allí, se propone el debate entre continuar o no con esta técnica de extracción de hidrocarburos no convencionales en Colombia. A su vez, se identifica, desde el medio biótico, la incidencia sobre la biodiversidad y los ecosistemas en el país y, con mayor especificidad, en aquellas cuencas donde se planea llevar a cabo proyectos piloto de investigación integral para fracturamiento hidráulico. Se revisa también si se está actuando en conformidad con el Convenio sobre Diversidad Biológica, aprobado por Colombia mediante la Ley 165 de 1994, con la Política Nacional de Biodiversidad aprobada por el Consejo Nacional Ambiental en 1995 —que se fundamenta en el principio de la biodiversidad como patrimonio de la nación—, y con los demás compromisos internacionales que el país ha asumido para la conservación de la biodiversidad (Ley 165, 1994, 9 de noviembre). Por último, se busca resolver la pregunta de si Colombia está siendo responsable al decidir hacer fracturamiento hidráulico en un país considerado como el segundo país con mayor biodiversidad en el mundo.
Blockchain para empresas
Authors: Castro-Iragorri Carlos , Gauthier-Umaña Valérie , Ramírez Julián
Published: May 2024

Este capítulo es una introducción completa, pero didáctica, de los diferentes elementos que hacen parte de las tecnologías de registro distribuido y, en particular, de la blockchain. Además, introduce al lector en los diferentes tipos de blockchain y los distintos criterios de decisión que se deben estimar antes de considerar la tecnología.
Voces empresariales en la transformación digital de las organizaciones
Authors: Páez-Gabriunas Iliana , Sanabria Mauricio , Gauthier-Umaña Valérie , Méndez-Romero Rafael Alberto
Published: May 2024

En este capítulo, en correspondencia con lo anterior, se hacen explícitos los valiosos testimonios (Shieber, 2015) de estos líderes empresariales en relación con lo que significó para sus organizaciones transformarse digitalmente. Estos no solo permiten guardar la memoria de lo vivido por ellos (Rubin, 1995), sino también resaltar, entre otros aspectos esenciales, cuáles fueron las principales dificultades y retos que enfrentaron, cómo afectó la actual pandemia producida por la covid-19 este proceso y su existencia como empresa, qué características de liderazgo fueron relevantes para adelantar la transformación, cuáles otras resaltan como factores clave de éxito para adelantar este proceso, qué necesidades han identificado en el entorno y en el Gobierno y, finalmente, qué consejos o recomendaciones podrían ofrecer a otros empresarios y líderes que están adelantando o pensando en implementar procesos de transformación digital en sus organizaciones.
Accessing the Untapped Brand Leverage Potential: A Strategic Framework from a Capital Market View
Authors: Fischer Marc , Wies Simone
Published: May 2024

Do firms fully capitalize on the financial strength of their customer-based brand equity (CBBE)? If not, how large is the gap to a benchmark condition where CBBE is financially fully leveraged? Which market strategies, if any, should the firm emphasize to close the gap? This research addresses these questions. The authors introduce a framework and methodology that enables firms to identify and measure their “brand capabilities gap,” which captures the firm’s potential for leveraging CBBE into firm value when the most effective and efficient brand leverage strategy is in place, and, if necessary, take corrective action to realize their brand leverage potential. The authors further examine three market strategy moderators that firms can steer via their marketing programs and tactics to close the brand capabilities gap. The application of the framework and methodology to a wide-ranging sample of firms from 2005 to 2013 reveals that, on average, firms only realize 35% of their financial brand leverage potential. This translates into an average brand capabilities gap worth $2.1 bn per brand, which represents 4.3% of firm value. These findings have important implications for strategic brand analysis and planning and can help firms design a more effective financial brand leverage strategy.

This paper was accepted by Raphael Thomadsen, marketing.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00670 .
Nursing students' experiences of flipped classroom teaching method in higher education: a systematic review
Authors: Morini Simone , Tavares Sara , Dutton Helen
Published: May 2024

Background:

During the COVID-19 pandemic face-to-face activities were suspended, boosting the delivery of online teaching. As students returned to campuses, the delivery of active learning teaching methods followed a blended learning style. The flipped classroom, which is a student-centred approach, appears to be an effective teaching method, generating improved learning outcomes. No systematic review has so far explored students' experiences of this teaching method – a knowledge gap that this review aims to address.

Methods:

Studies published between 2012 and 2023 were identified from seven databases. The JBI critical appraisal tool was adopted to select high-quality studies and add credibility. Following extraction of qualitative data, meta-aggregation was used to identify synthesised findings.

Results:

The findings were aggregated into seven categories. Based on meaning similarity, three synthesised findings were identified to answer the research question on how nursing students experience the flipped classroom method.

Conclusion:

Several factors affect the student experience. Although variables are interrelated and complex to analyse, this approach is a valuable teaching method, positively experienced by students with the potential to improve engagement and learning outcomes. The group activities used as a feature of the flipped classroom can be seen as an instrument to deliver a safer and high quality of care.
Implementing an educational resource for patients participating in cancer clinical trials during the pandemic
Authors: Hood Ben , Finch Tracy
Published: May 2024

This research is centred in the specialty of early phase cancer research – the branch of clinical research that focuses on phase one and phase two clinical trials. The aim was to gain an understanding of the complexity of work involved in implementing an educational intervention within the clinical pathway for newly referred early phase cancer clinical trial patients. The May and Finch Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) was used to understand, develop and evaluate the process of embedding an educational resource at referral hospital sites. Elements emerged from the evaluation that provide insights into the complexity of the implementation work that took place. The main elements were: pandemic-related challenges, change management, leadership, shared purpose, teamwork, workforce capacity and patient outcomes. The findings shed light on the barriers to or facilitators of the implementation of the educational resource
Anaesthesia in exotics part 2: birds
Authors: Ayers Hayley
Published: May 2024

Anaesthesia in exotic species is often viewed as high risk and many nurses may be apprehensive to perform it. However, with careful preparation and monitoring techniques, safe anaesthesia of exotics is possible. This article looks at the principles of anaesthesia in birds, including pre-anaesthetic preparation, anatomical differences, induction, maintenance and recovery.
Veterinary human support
Authors: Morrin Hamish
Published: May 2024

Terms such as veterinary human factors, veterinary humanities and veterinary social work have all begun to circulate in the veterinary profession in recent years. This article defines these topics and suggests the term ‘veterinary human support’ as a useful umbrella term, and describes the reasons for implementing support. Suggestions for developing these roles are included, especially from the perspective of the veterinary nursing career.
A brief revision of Aulocera loha Doherty, 1886 with a new subspecies described from Sichuan, China (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: LI HUA-ZHAO
Published: May 2024

All previously supposed subspecies of Aulocera loha Doherty, 1886, including ssp. japroa Tytler, 1939 syn. nov. and ssp. chinensis Sakai, Aoki & Yamaguchi, 2001 syn. nov., were synonymized with the nominotypical subspecies by lacking distinct external differences. Furthermore, the most northeast representative of A. loha from W. Sichuan, China is reported and described as a new subspecies, i.e. A. l. liuzhei ssp. nov. This new subspecies is characterized by the less developed wing markings with its subspecific status reinforced by its monophyly in the phylogeny constructed by the COI barcode. Both the male genitalia and the distributional map of two currently known subspecies of A. loha from China are provided.
Piercing the Impenetrable Darkness
Authors: Carter Katlyn Marie
Published: May 2024

Covering the American War of Independence, the chapter focuses on the evolution of political representation through the practices of American institutions with regard to secrecy and transparency. The chapter reaches back to the colonial period and across the Atlantic to examine British attitudes toward secrecy as they related to calls for parliamentary reform starting in the 1760s. From 1776, as newly independent American states began to promulgate constitutions, many included provisions for publicity in legislatures. Yet the Continental Congress relied on secrecy in its work. The chapter traces an emerging critique of secrecy during the war and afterward. Many began to argue that the Congress needed to work in public if it was to become a permanent representative body.
Mere Spectators of Events
Authors: Carter Katlyn Marie
Published: May 2024

The chapter focuses on how Jacobin deputies (who had been the most radical) responded to challenges to their legitimacy by reinstating secrecy in government and redefining publicity as a passive broadcast rather than an active dialogue with the public. Attempting to bring practices more in line with an insulated style of political representation, the National Convention began to move important work to secret committees (like the Committee of Public Safety) and to assert its ability to speak on behalf of the people as legitimate because the public was able to passively watch them.