bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of SMEs in the Economy: Analyzing the Financial Performance of Algerian SMEs
Authors:   Ecole Superieure de Commerce, Kolea, Algeria, Abdelmalek Hanane , Benachour Amira ,   Ecole Superieure de Commerce, Kolea, Algeria, Tarhlissia Lamine ,   Ecole Superieure de Commerce, Kolea, Algeria, Adjal Aymen ,   Ecole Superieure de Commerce, Kolea, Algeria
Published: October 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent a major pillar of the Algerian economy, accounting for 99.9% of businesses and employing over 3.3 million people. Despite their importance, these enterprises face complex challenges that affect their financial performance, measured by indicators such as return on assets (ROA). The study explores this performance's internal and external determinants, focusing on factors such as liquidity, debt levels, company size, and macroeconomic variables like GDP growth and inflation. Using the panel data method, we analyzed a sample of 40 SMEs over a five-year period (2018 to 2022). The results show that excessive liquidity, while seemingly prudent, has a negative effect on SME performance, as it limits investment opportunities. Similarly, short-term and long-term debt are associated with reduced profitability, contradicting some economic theories that view debt as a sign of good management. The limited access to credit often forces Algerian SMEs to rely on short-term financing, increasing their financial risks. In contrast, economic growth positively affects SME performance by boosting demand for their products and services. However, inflation has a negative effect, eroding profit margins due to rising operating costs. Thus, improving a company's performance is possible if the entity can create the conditions necessary for its survival and deploy the resources and logistics needed to achieve the desired objectives while aligning strategies across various activities to effectively implement its management policies. These research findings provide valuable insights for business leaders and policymakers, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies to maximize the financial performance of SMEs by considering these various factors.
Determining factors for the selection of soybean cultivars and the cause and effect relationships with grain yield
Authors: Schünemann Lara Laís , Jung Júlia Sarturi , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Schneider Jean Michel , Bandeira Willyan Júnior Adorian , Sangiovo Jaqueline Piesanti , Bruinsma Gabriel Mathias Weimer , Silva José Antonio Gonzalez , Conceição Gerusa Massuquini
Published: October 2024

The objective of the present study was to apply the trail analysis model to extract the cause and effect action on soybean grain yield as a function of agronomic attributes. The present study was developed in the agricultural years of 2023 and 2024. The experimental design used was strips with randomized blocks, consisting of 10 cultivars and five replications. Through the means comparison test, the highest grain yields were observed in the cultivars C 2531 E, BMX Vênus CE, B 5595 CE and NEO581 CE. It was observed that in addition to the higher grain yield, the cultivar C 2531 CE also presented a higher grain weight per plant, despite having the lowest final plant height and productive zone height among the cultivars. As for BMX Vênus CE, it was observed that despite its medium height, it presented a shorter internode length on the main stem, which optimized the number of total nodes on the main stem, in addition to presenting a high grain weight per plant. Cultivar B 5595 CE can be highlighted for its greater final plant height, as well as greater height of the productive zone, promoting a greater number of total nodes on the main stem. Another highlight of this cultivar is the high number of plants per final linear meter, indicating its adaptability in the field. The cultivar NEO581 E, despite having one of the smallest heights among the cultivars, presented one of the highest grain yields, which can be attributed to the stability of the cultivar in the field, as it showed intermediate performance for all agronomic traits.
Pendidikan Anti Korupsi Bagi Calon Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di PT. Global Lubna Jaya Sukoharjo
Authors: Agus Santoso Aris Prio , Irawan AM Ady
Published: October 2024

Indonesian workers abroad often face different work environments compared to Indonesia, including stricter ethical and moral standards. They represent the nation in their host countries. Anti-corruption education for prospective Indonesian workers can help build a positive image of professionalism and integrity, increasing other countries' trust in their quality and work ethics. The goal of this education is to develop a firm stance against workplace corruption both domestically and abroad. The community service partner is PT. Global Lubna Jaya Sukoharjo. The service method is online, using simulations and case studies. Results show significant understanding of anti-corruption culture among the participants, who commit to avoiding corrupt practices and fighting corruption together.
Impacto de las cortinas forestales en la protección de viñedos frente al viento Zonda
Authors: DEMATTE Rodolfo , GANDOLFO RASO Ernesto
Published: October 2024

El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de protección de las cortinas forestales debido a las diferentes geometrías como medida protectora del fenómeno zonda en los cultivos de vid en la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Se evaluaron vientos a velocidades de entre 18 y 25 m/s (Zonda tipo 1 y tipo 2) sobre diferentes configuraciones de cortinas forestales utilizadas para proteger cultivos de vid. La investigación se centró en determinar el efecto protector de estas barreras, considerando diversas configuraciones y niveles de porosidad óptica. Se llevaron a cabo simulaciones de dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD) para evaluar su efectividad. Las simulaciones incorporaron diferentes grados de porosidad óptica y variadas geometrías de las cortinas. Los resultados indicaron una reducción significativa en el impacto de los vientos Zonda debido a las cortinas forestales. La eficacia de las configuraciones estuvo directamente relacionada con el nivel de porosidad óptica (OP) de las barreras. Al comparar estos hallazgos con la literatura existente, se subrayó la importancia de la OP y la disposición de las cortinas forestales en la mitigación de los efectos del viento Zonda. Estos resultados refuerzan estudios previos que destacan el papel esencial de las estructuras de cortavientos en la protección de los cultivos agrícolas frente a condiciones climáticas adversas. En conclusión, se recomienda la implementación de cortinas forestales con una porosidad entre 35% y 50% para ofrecer una protección efectiva contra el viento Zonda en los viñedos de Mendoza. Se sugieren investigaciones futuras para optimizar aún más las configuraciones de cortavientos y mejorar la resistencia de los cultivos ante eventos climáticos extremos.
Reorientación automática de imágenes SPECT de perfusión miocárdica
Authors: VIJANDE Ezequiel , NAMÍAS Mauro
Published: October 2024

Las imágenes SPECT de perfusión  miocárdica brindan información sobre el flujo sanguíneo del músculo cardíaco. Previo a ser interpretadas por un cardiólogo nuclear, las imágenes deben ser reorientadas a lo largo del eje largo del corazón. Esto suele realizarse de manera manual, siendo un proceso dependiente del operador  y por lo tanto de reproducibilidad limitada. En este trabajo proponemos un método de reorientación automático utilizando una red neuronal convolucional para predecir las posiciones de la base,  ápice y centro del ventrículo derecho a partir de las imágenes adquiridas. El modelo fue entrenado a partir de imágenes y anotaciones elaboradas por dos profesionales distintos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron comparados con los errores inter e intra operador, y de esta manera se pudo confirmar que el método propuesto logra un rango de error al menos tan bueno como el de los métodos manuales.
Análisis experimental sobre la aplicación de flaps en generadores eólicos de eje vertical
Authors: ESPECHE Julián César , Saravia César Martín , Machado Sebastián
Published: October 2024

Una posible mejora de los generadores eólicos de eje vertical es el agregado de flaps verticales en la parte trasera de las palas. Simulaciones computacionales realizadas con modelos híbridos RANS-LES muestran que su implementación produce efectos positivos sobre la generación de potencia del rotor. Para comprobar esos resultados, construimos rotores eólicos con impresión 3D y estudiamos su comportamiento en un túnel de viento. Lo que observamos experimentalmente es que los flaps influyen negativamente sobre el comportamiento de los generadores, disminuyendo su capacidad de generación de potencia.
Pavimentos modificados con pigmentos y su influencia en el microclima urbano
Authors: CABRERA Pablo , BOTASSO Gerardo , CASTRO LUNA Ana María
Published: October 2024

Las vías pavimentadas son esenciales para conectar lugares, ciudades o países. Actualmente, el kilometraje total de carreteras en el mundo es de 70 millones de kilómetros. Las calles, rutas y sendas peatonales pueden ser de pavimento asfáltico o de hormigón. En verano, estas superficies se calientan excesivamente por la radiación solar, devolviendo parte del calor al ambiente y aumentando el estrés térmico en los habitantes urbanos. Esto incrementa la temperatura del aire en la ciudad comparada con la región rural circundante, creando una Isla de Calor Urbana (ICU). Modificar la composición de los pavimentos, tanto asfálticos como de hormigón, con pigmentos que aumenten el albedo y tengan alta emisividad del calor absorbido, mejorará la calidad del microclima urbano. Este estudio analiza el comportamiento térmico de muestras densas de pavimento de hormigón y mezcla asfáltica, convencionales y modificadas con pigmentos de óxido de titanio blanco, y óxidos de hierro amarillo y gris. Las muestras se irradiaron con luz solar en el verano de 2024 en La Plata.
Validación de un instrumento de valoración de Iluminación Integradora mediante la experiencia del usuario. Caso de estudio: Biblioteca Sede Central Universidad de Mendoza
Authors: RUIZ Verónica J. , RODRIGUEZ Roberto G. , PATTINI Andrea E.
Published: October 2024

Se propone validar en trabajo de campo una herramienta a ad-hoc para la evaluación integral del ambiente visual. La misma ha sido desarrollada en el marco de la tesis doctoral de la autora principal del presente trabajo. El desarrollo de esta investigación nos permitirá poner a prueba la herramienta utilizada, la cual surge de un estudio Delphi previo. Como resultado permitiría tener la medición del espacio, y una valoración de las virtudes en términos de simplicidad, facilidad de uso, validez, confiabilidad y no intrusividad. El objetivo general es lograr una evaluación de iluminación integradora de la biblioteca de la sede central de la Universidad de Mendoza. Para esto se propuso validar la herramienta creada. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la metodología empleada permite realizar una evaluación lumínica del espacio y los datos indican que no se consiguen los niveles de iluminancia solicitados por la legislación vigente. Siendo positivas las apreciaciones de los usuarios respecto de la biblioteca.
Evaluación de la Edad Vascular Mejorada utilizando Análisis de Diagramas de Recurrencia y Redes Neuronales Convolucionales
Authors: IPAR Eugenia , CYMBERKNOP Leandro J. , ARMENTANO Ricardo L.
Published: October 2024

El envejecimiento es un factor de riesgo no reversible importante para las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Esto subraya la importancia emergente de la Edad Vascular (EV) como una métrica alternativa prometedora para evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular y la salud general de un individuo. Este estudio explora el uso de una Red Neuronal Convolucional (CNN) para estimar el grupo de EV, como un sustituto de la edad cronológica, utilizando el Diagrama de Recurrencia como una herramienta robusta para la mejora de características y la visualización de imágenes de la Onda de Pulso Arterial (OPA). La OPA se obtuvo de una base de datos in-silico de un modelo cardiovascular unidimensional. La CNN demostró un rendimiento robusto, logrando una precisión del 83% y 81.3%, un F1-Score de 83.3% y 81.7% y un AUC de 0.96 y 0.95 para el entrenamiento y la evaluación respectivamente. Estos hallazgos pueden tener implicaciones potenciales para aplicaciones clínicas, ofreciendo un enfoque no invasivo para la evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular. Los resultados contribuyen al diálogo en curso en la investigación cardiovascular, destacando el potencial de metodologías innovadoras para mejorar la atención al paciente y los resultados de salud. Se necesitará más investigación para validar estos métodos para aplicaciones en escenarios de atención médica del mundo real.
Estudio del espesor del recubrimiento de carburo de silicio sobre aleación de MgAZ31 en un reactor CVD en función del tiempo de operación
Authors: TOROS Paula , LASORSA Carlos , APHESTEGUY Juan
Published: October 2024

En este estudio, se investigó el efecto del espesor del recubrimiento de carburo de silicio (SiC) depositado mediante un proceso de plasma en función del tiempo de operación, utilizando un reactor del tipo Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) sobre una aleación de magnesio (MgAZ31). El objetivo fue determinar el espesor óptimo que garantice una buena resistencia a la corrosión. Las muestras se sometieron a diferentes tiempos de deposición, utilizando como precursores metano (CH4) y hexametildisilazano (HMDS), resultando en la obtención de cuatro espesores distintos variando el tiempo de deposición (30, 60, 90 y 120 minutos).
La caracterización de las muestras se realizó mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM), Espectroscopia Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y curvas de polarización en medio fisiológico simulado (SBF) para evaluar la resistencia a la corrosión del recubrimiento. Los resultados obtenidos por SEM mostraron una relación lineal entre el espesor del recubrimiento y el tiempo de deposición.
La muestra con un espesor de 3.68 μm, correspondiente a 90 minutos de deposición, presenta el recubrimiento óptimo. En contraste, en las muestras con espesores más delgados se detecta el material del sustrato. Por otro lado, en la muestra con un espesor de 5.13 μm, obtenida tras 120 minutos de deposición, se observa la presencia del sustrato debido a fallas en el recubrimiento. Estas fallas se deben a un espesor excesivo del recubrimiento, que generó tensiones internas y condujo a una falla estructural del material. En términos de velocidad de corrosión, la muestra con espesor de 3.68 μm de deposición mostró la velocidad de corrosión más baja, en concordancia con las imágenes de SEM. La caracterización por FTIR confirmó que el recubrimiento correspondía efectivamente a SiC.
Aplicación de humedal construido híbrido para tratamiento de lixiviados de relleno sanitario de la ciudad de Rafaela
Authors: GUTIÉRREZ Gonzalo , Panigatti Cecilia , Schierano Celeste
Published: October 2024

La descomposición anaeróbica de residuos orgánicos en rellenos sanitarios produce biogás y un efluente líquido conocido como lixiviado, cuyo tratamiento y disposición final representan un desafío ambiental significativo. Este estudio evalúa la eficiencia de un humedal construido híbrido para eliminar contaminantes del lixiviado. El sistema consta de un humedal de flujo subsuperficial vertical y uno de flujo subsuperficial horizontal dispuestos en serie. Se instalaron cuatro mesocosmos en un invernadero, usando Typha domingensis como macrófita y hormigón celular curado en autoclave y arena como sustratos. Se midieron parámetros fisicoquímicos antes y después del tratamiento, obteniéndose eficiencias de remoción totales del 43% para sólidos suspendidos, 64% para demanda química de oxígeno, 89% para demanda biológica de oxígeno, 93% para fósforo total, 98% para amonio y 86% para nitrógeno total Kjeldahl. Los resultados demuestran que este humedal híbrido es una solución efectiva y sostenible para el tratamiento de lixiviados, mejorando significativamente la calidad del efluente final.
Control de Fugas en Redes de Distribución de Agua: Estudio Comparativo de Métricas
Authors: DENARDI Melina , PUCCINI Gabriel D.
Published: October 2024

En las últimas décadas, la necesidad global de enfrentar la escasez de agua potable ha impulsado iniciativas para asegurar un suministro sostenible. Este trabajo propone una metodología de dos etapas para reducir las fugas en redes de distribución de agua mediante la gestión de presiones utilizando válvulas reductoras de presión (PRVs): En la primera, se emplea el índice de modularidad topológica para dividir la red en comunidades e identificar los cortes conceptuales donde se podrían instalar las PRVs. En la segunda etapa, se utiliza el método de recocido simulado para determinar la cantidad óptima de válvulas y sus parámetros durante una hora de la noche con presiones elevadas. Para esta etapa, la estrategia evalúa dos métricas: el índice de resiliencia de la red y el excedente de presión nodal. La aplicación de esta metodología en una red real muestra una disminución significativa de la presión y del volumen de fugas en la hora analizada.
Influencia de la Concentración de Arsénico en la Transferencia de Materia en Zanahorias Cocidas
Authors: GALVEZ Oscar Daniel , MALDONADO Mariela Beatriz , PÉREZ Raúl César
Published: October 2024

Esta Tesis tiene por objetivo general estudiar la difusión del arsénico en las zanahorias. El objetivo específico fue medir cómo difunde el arsénico usando la ley de Fick, con concentraciones entre 5 y 15 mgL-1 a una temperatura constante. Las zanahorias enteras, con su piel, se cocinaron a 98°C en soluciones con diferentes niveles de arsénico (5, 10 y 15 mgL-1). Se cortaron las zanahorias en tres partes: superior, media e inferior. Para calcular los coeficientes de difusión del arsénico, se usó un modelo cilíndrico homogéneo. Se establecieron las condiciones para resolver el modelo matemático y seleccionar las fronteras y el mecanismo de difusión. Los resultados mostraron coherencia con el aumento de concentraciones de arsénico (5, 10 y 15 mgL-1) en la solución a 98°C durante 30 minutos de cocción. Los coeficientes de difusión promedios en la región superior fueron1,45E-08, 1,49E-08 y 1,53E-08 m²s-1  para concentraciones arsenicales de 5, 10 y 15 mgL-1 respectivamente. Además, se observó que la concentración de arsénico se relacionaba con la distancia radial y la penetración en el tejido de la zanahoria, así como con la altura del corte. A 5 mgL-1, la difusión fue menor que a 10 y 15 mgL-1 para los mismos tiempos, ya que la velocidad de avance del arsénico disminuyó con menor concentración. En las tres regiones (superior, media e inferior), el contenido de arsénico bajó desde la periferia hacia el centro de la zanahoria, similar a otros estudios de difusión de solutos en alimentos. Parte de los resultados y metodología fue publicada en la revista HELIYON.
Diseño Óptimo de Planta Fotovoltaica para Inversiones en Micro Redes mediante Análisis de Datos
Authors: BIGNOTTI Bruno , ALEMANY Juan , MAGNAGO Fernando
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo trata el problema del diseño óptimo de una planta fotovoltaica de generación de energía eléctrica desde un punto de vista técnico como también económico. Esto quiere decir que para el diseño se tiene en cuenta un aprovechamiento eficiente del recurso de generación y un análisis de la demanda para alcanzar un objetivo específico de generación eléctrica como también un estudio del tiempo de amortización y otros indicadores económicos del proyecto. El sistema fotovoltaico es dimensionado para ser utilizado dentro de una micro red on-grid. Se pretende mejorar la calidad de los resultados obtenidos por otros métodos de dimensionamiento al hacer un análisis más exhaustivo de los datos disponibles, en otras palabras, el trabajo pretende descubrir el valor asociado al mencionado análisis, a una mejor calidad de datos y al uso de modelos matemáticos. Se utilizan datos de demanda provistos del campus de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto para sus estudios, como también datos de medición de irradiación solar suministrados por el ministerio de agricultura y ganadería de Córdoba. Entre los estudios se detalla el estudio de la demanda, del recurso solar en la localidad de Ríos Cuarto, el análisis técnico mediante modelos matemáticos de paneles fotovoltaicos y el análisis económico. Los resultados preliminares sugieren que el método propuesto por el trabajo permite un dimensionamiento más eficiente, un mejor aprovechamiento y una mejor previsión del desempeño. Por otro lado, la factibilidad económica está sujeta a la correcta aplicación de subsidios y créditos para poder sobrellevar la inversión inicial.
Síntesis económica de sílice MCM-41 jerarquizada para una mayor adsorción de CO2
Authors: AQUINO Guillermo Daniel , PEREYRA Andrea Marisa , BENEDICTTO Germán Pablo
Published: October 2024

El empleo de materiales porosos como adsorbentes de CO2 en tecnologías de captura y almacenamiento de carbono resulta una alternativa promisoria frente al objetivo de mitigar las emisiones de este gas de efecto invernadero. Entre ellos, las sílices tipo MCM-41 resultan interesantes debido a su elevada área superficial específica y su capacidad de ser modificadas según la aplicación de interés. Uno de sus principales inconvenientes yace en el costo de las materias primas convencionales empleadas para su síntesis. En este trabajo se estudió la producción de una sílice mesoporosa tipo MCM-41 obtenida a partir de soluciones comerciales de grado industrial de muy bajo costo, modificada con grupos amino para su aplicación como adsorbente de CO2. El material sintetizado fue caracterizado mediante SAXS, SEM, HRTEM y adsorción/desorción de N2 a 77 K.  Se observó una porosidad a diferentes escalas de longitud meso-macro (4-1000 nm), adicional a la mesoestructura hexagonal intrínseca de la MCM-41, caracterizada por una elevada superficie específica (SBET = 1134 m2/g) y elevado volumen de meso y macroporos (VP meso = 1,01 cm³/g y VP macro = 4,70 cm³/g). Además, se observaron diferentes morfologías y canales con longitud y curvatura variables. El material funcionalizado con APTS, exhibió resultados de capacidad de adsorción ligeramente superiores a los presentes en bibliografía, alcanzando 1,28 mmol/g a 25 °C y 760 mmHg.
Una Ontología de Usabilidad Basada en Buenas Prácticas para el Modelado Conceptual de los Sistemas
Authors: MORENO Juan Carlos , MARCISZACK Marcelo Martín , GROPPO Mario Alberto
Published: October 2024

La construcción eficiente de aplicaciones más usables se ha transformado en un requisito esencial para la construcción del software. Esto motivó al desarrollo de una propuesta metodológica sustentada en una ontología de usabilidad, que permite incorporar atributos de Usabilidad integrándolos al ciclo de vida de desarrollo del software mediante el empleo de patrones. Durante la etapa de elicitación de requerimientos, los atributos de usabilidad son identificados partiendo desde el Modelo de Procesos de Negocios. Luego, mediante una serie de transformaciones, son integrados a modelos de escenarios que emplean el Léxico Extendido del Lenguaje (LEL). En este momento, el analista requiere de un método que le permita saber qué métricas y patrones emplear para satisfacer los requerimientos no funcionales de usabilidad, puesto que los funcionales se encuentran contemplados. Esto dio origen al desarrollo de una nueva ontología fundamentada en estándares como la norma ISO/IEC 25010 (SQUARE). La ontología propuesta no solo brinda métricas para la evaluación de los atributos de Usabilidad, sino también los patrones de usabilidad necesarios para satisfacer los requisitos elicitados por el sistema de información durante el proceso del modelado conceptual.
GAGASAN ISLAMISASI ILMU PENGETAHUAN SEBAGAI PONDASI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MENURUT SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS
Authors: Basith Yudril
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This study aims to examine Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas's idea of ​​the Islamization of science as a basis for the reconstruction of the Islamic education system. This study was motivated by concerns about the influence of secularism and westernization that caused the de-Islamization of Muslim thought. To overcome this problem, Al-Attas proposed the concept of the Islamization of science which aims to free science from non-Islamic values ​​and harmonize it with Islamic principles based on the Qur'an and Sunnah. This article uses a qualitative research method with a library research type. The main data source is the written works of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas, such as books, journals, and other writings. Secondary data was obtained through other literature relevant to the topic of the Islamization of science and the concept of Islamic education to enrich the discussion. The results of the study show that Al-Attas's Islamization of science is built on an Islamic worldview that is sourced from the teachings of monotheism. The epistemology of science needs to be reconstructed in line with Islamic principles by placing spiritual aspects as its foundation. Al-Attas also proposed the concept of ta'dib as a model of Islamic education that integrates physical, intellectual, and spiritual aspects with adab as the core of its method.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MENURUT KH NOER ALI
Authors: Fahmi Muhammad Nur , Rabiyanur Rabiyanur
Published: October 2024

Pendidikan Islam dewasa ini tengah menjadi studi perbincangan dan perhatian masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara, karena Pendidikan Islam saat ini masih dipertanyakan mutu dan kualitasnya, kredibilitasnya, dan eksistensinya dalam membangun sumber daya manusia yang benar-benar unggul secara IMTAQ maupun IPTEKnya dengan memiliki bekal kompetensi, akhlakul karimah, dan keterampilan yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam bidang kehidupan. Tujuan daripada penelitian ini yaitu untuk menelaah konsep Pendidikan Islam dari pemikiran KH. Noer Ali yang dikaji dan dianalisis pada penelitian Skripsi ini.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research) yang menajdikan bahan pustaka sebagai sumber data utama dan acuan dalam penelitian melalui karya-karya yang menulis tentang KH. Noer Ali. Penelitian ini mengumpulkan data dari sumber utama dan nmenggali informasi lainnya dari sumber sekunder. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif dan interpretasi.
Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui Konsep pendidikan agam Islam menurut KH. Noer Ali dan beliau selalu mengatakan ada tiga unsur yaitu : mencetak orang benar, pintar , kreative (skill). Benar disini tentu bersumberkan pada Wahyu Allah SWT (Al Qur an) yang absolute kebenarannya yang datang langsung dari Tuhan dan sunah sunah yang telah di sampaikan oleh Rasulullah SAW. Serta pintar secara kognitif secara pemikirannya, keilmuannya, kemudian daya saingya dan yang terakhir adalah kreatif ini adalah life skill untuk membangun pribadi-pribadi atau peserta didik yang mampu bersaing dan hidup di tengah-tengah masyarakat dan mampu menghadapi tantangan global.
A New Letter by Sara Coleridge
Authors: Mercer Anna
Published: October 2024

This article provides a discussion of a previously unpublished letter in the Keats House Collections written by Sara Coleridge, the poet and editor, and the only daughter of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Presented here is the first transcription of the letter to be printed – addressed to the artist Samuel Laurence (sometimes Lawrence) – and an analysis of its contents in relation to Sara’s creative writing and life. The essay considers what the letter might be able to tell us about the author, her writing, her engagement with the arts, her position as a woman of letters in the late Romantic/early Victorian period in London, and her health, both physical and mental.
Assessment of the Feasibility of Using Mobile Application in Stunting prevention in Toddlers: Scoping Review
Authors: Lubis Pahyuri , Mufdlilah Mufdlilah
Published: October 2024

Stunting is a developmental disorder in children caused by malnutrition, susceptibility to infection to disease, and low productivity indicated by a long-term lack of food intake. This scoping review aims to identify the feasibility of mobile applications in preventing stunting in toddlers, through Android-based educational media applications so that stunting in toddlers can be prevented. The structure of writing this scoping review using PRISMA with 5 stages according to Arksey and O'Malley. Article search by 2018- 2023 using several databases including PubMed, Science Direct, and Research Gate. Results of the 666 articles obtained There are 29 potentially relevant articles, ten of which met the inclusion criteria. Presented with three themes viz stunting in toddlers, posyandu during the covid-19 period, and use of mobile applications. The conclusion is there is a relationship significant appropriateness of mobile applications in using mobile application effort prevention stunting. Implications include easier access to nutrition and health information, increased parental awareness on parenting and nutrition, and efficiency in monitoring child growth.
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Frequency on Reducing Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Sufferers in the Lingsar Health Center Working Area in 2024
Authors: Fathoni Akhmad , Sentana Aan Dwi , Ningsih Mira Utami , Rifki Muhammad
Published: October 2024

One of the keys to a person suffering from diabetes mellitus being able to live a healthy life like other people without diabetes is to maintain balanced blood glucose levels within normal limits. One important way to reduce blood glucose levels, especially in type 2 DM sufferers, is exercise. This study aims to identify the effect of aerobic exercise, on changes in blood glucose levels. This research is a pre-experimental research with a one group pre-posttest approach. The research sample was 33 people suffering from type 2 DM at the Lingsar Community Health Center, selected using a simple random sampling technique. Each respondent was given aerobic exercise 3 times a week with a minimum duration of 20 minutes. Data on blood glucose levels before and after the intervention were collected using an observation sheet. The results of the study showed that the average blood glucose before the intervention was 162.2 mg/dL and after the intervention it fell to 156.14 mg/dL. The t-test with a=0.05 showed r=0.000. It can be concluded that there is an effect of aerobic exercise on the respondents' blood glucose levels. Aerobic exercise has been proven to reduce the average blood glucose level after this is done regularly. This study results can be an evidenced base for community nursing to promote regular aerobic exercise among people with DM, to help reduce or control their blood glucose.
Gut bacteria: an etiological agent in human pathological conditions
Authors: Islam Md Minarul , Mahbub Nasir Uddin , Hong Seong-Tshool , Chung Hea-Jong
Published: October 2024

Through complex interactions with the host’s immune and physiological systems, gut bacteria play a critical role as etiological agents in a variety of human diseases, having an impact that extends beyond their mere presence and affects the onset, progression, and severity of the disease. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of these microbial interactions is crucial to improving our understanding of disease pathogenesis and creating tailored treatment methods. Correcting microbial imbalances may open new avenues for disease prevention and treatment approaches, according to preliminary data. The gut microbiota exerts an integral part in the pathogenesis of numerous health conditions, including metabolic, neurological, renal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal problems as well as COVID-19, according to recent studies. The crucial significance of the microbiome in disease pathogenesis is highlighted by this role, which is comparable to that of hereditary variables. This review investigates the etiological contributions of the gut microbiome to human diseases, its interactions with the host, and the development of prospective therapeutic approaches. To fully harness the benefits of gut microbiome dynamics for improving human health, future research should address existing methodological challenges and deepen our knowledge of microbial interactions.
Users do not trust recommendations from a large language model more than AI-sourced snippets
Authors: McGrath Melanie J. , Cooper Patrick S. , Duenser Andreas
Published: October 2024

Background

The ability of large language models to generate general purpose natural language represents a significant step forward in creating systems able to augment a range of human endeavors. However, concerns have been raised about the potential for misplaced trust in the potentially hallucinatory outputs of these models.

Objectives

The study reported in this paper is a preliminary exploration of whether trust in the content of output generated by an LLM may be inflated in relation to other forms of ecologically valid, AI-sourced information.

Method

Participants were presented with a series of general knowledge questions and a recommended answer from an AI-assistant that had either been generated by an ChatGPT-3 or sourced by Google’s AI-powered featured snippets function. We also systematically varied whether the AI-assistant’s advice was accurate or inaccurate.

Results

Trust and reliance in LLM-generated recommendations were not significantly higher than that of recommendations from a non-LLM source. While accuracy of the recommendations resulted in a significant reduction in trust, this did not differ significantly by AI-application.

Conclusion

Using three predefined general knowledge tasks and fixed recommendation sets from the AI-assistant, we did not find evidence that trust in LLM-generated output is artificially inflated, or that people are more likely to miscalibrate their trust in this novel technology than another commonly drawn on form of AI-sourced information.
Recurrence resonance - noise-enhanced dynamics in recurrent neural networks
Authors: Metzner Claus , Schilling Achim , Maier Andreas , Krauss Patrick
Published: October 2024

Understanding how neural networks process information is a fundamental challenge in neuroscience and artificial intelligence. A pivotal question in this context is how external stimuli, particularly noise, influence the dynamics and information flow within these networks. Traditionally, noise is perceived as a hindrance to information processing, introducing randomness and diminishing the fidelity of neural signals. However, distinguishing noise from structured input uncovers a paradoxical insight: under specific conditions, noise can actually enhance information processing. This intriguing possibility prompts a deeper investigation into the nuanced role of noise within neural networks. In specific motifs of three recurrently connected neurons with probabilistic response, the spontaneous information flux, defined as the mutual information between subsequent states, has been shown to increase by adding ongoing white noise of some optimal strength to each of the neurons. However, the precise conditions for and mechanisms of this phenomenon called ‘recurrence resonance’ (RR) remain largely unexplored. Using Boltzmann machines of different sizes and with various types of weight matrices, we show that RR can generally occur when a system has multiple dynamical attractors, but is trapped in one or a few of them. In probabilistic networks, the phenomenon is bound to a suitable observation time scale, as the system could autonomously access its entire attractor landscape even without the help of external noise, given enough time. Yet, even in large systems, where time scales for observing RR in the full network become too long, the resonance can still be detected in small subsets of neurons. Finally, we show that short noise pulses can be used to transfer recurrent neural networks, both probabilistic and deterministic, between their dynamical attractors. Our results are relevant to the fields of reservoir computing and neuroscience, where controlled noise may turn out a key factor for efficient information processing leading to more robust and adaptable systems.
Case report: a rare case of primary hyperparathyroidism due to an intrathymic ectopic parathyroid adenoma incidentally diagnosed in a 15-year-old girl
Authors: Gurluler Ercument
Published: October 2024

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) due to ectopic parathyroid adenoma is a rare case of hypercalcemia in the pediatric population. Herein, a rare case of PHPT due to ectopic intrathymic parathyroid adenoma was described in an asymptomatic 15-year-old girl who had incidental diagnosis based on laboratory abnormalities but experienced a 3-month postoperative course of persistently elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hypercalcemia following the initial unsuccessful parathyroidectomy operation carried out in a non-parathyroid expert center. The curative surgical treatment was accomplished only after the patient was reoperated with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) thymectomy by the surgeon experienced in parathyroid surgery with implementation of the combined imaging modalities for accurate localization of ectopic adenoma including 99mTc sestamibi (MIBI) plus neck and thoracic computed tomography (CT) and the appropriate surgical strategies including intraoperative intact PTH monitoring and frozen section diagnosis. Before the reoperation (VATS thymectomy), laboratory findings showed elevated PTH (1,171 ng/L; reference range: 21.80 ng/L–87.5 ng/L) and hypercalcemia (13.4 mg/dL; reference range: 8.4 mg/dL–10.2 mg/dL). The preoperative PTH levels were 94 ng/L at 5 min after thymectomy and 78 ng/L at 10 min. The PTH and calcium levels were 54.3 ng/L and 8.47 mg/dL, respectively, on postoperative day 1 and were 34.2 ng/L and 8.1 mg/dL on postoperative day 2. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 2 without any complications. In conclusion, our findings indicate the likelihood of isolated primary hyperparathyroidism to be incidentally diagnosed based solely on laboratory abnormalities with no specific clinical manifestations in the pediatric age. In addition, using combined imaging modalities (such as MIBI and CT) in accurate localization of ectopic parathyroid adenoma and implementation of surgery by experienced surgeons along with intraoperative intact PTH monitoring and frozen section diagnosis seem crucial to ensure the curative surgical treatment.
Advancing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prediction: a comprehensive machine learning approach integrating SHAP interpretability and multi-cohort validation
Authors: Yang Bo , Lu Huaguan , Ran Yinghui
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a major global health challenge, often undiagnosed because of suboptimal screening tools. Advances in machine learning (ML) offer potential improvements in predictive diagnostics, leveraging complex clinical datasets.

Methods

We utilized a comprehensive dataset from the Dryad database for model development and training and performed external validation using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020 cycles. Seven distinct ML models were developed and rigorously evaluated. Additionally, we employed the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to enhance the interpretability of the models, allowing for a detailed understanding of how each variable contributes to predictive outcomes.

Results

A total of 14,913 participants were eligible for this study. Among the seven constructed models, the light gradient boosting machine achieved the highest performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90 in the internal validation set and 0.81 in the external NHANES validation cohort. In detailed performance metrics, it maintained an accuracy of 87%, a sensitivity of 92.9%, and an F1 score of 0.92. Key predictive variables identified included alanine aminotransferase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase, triglyceride glucose–waist circumference, metabolic score for insulin resistance, and HbA1c, which are strongly associated with metabolic dysfunctions integral to NAFLD progression.

Conclusions

The integration of ML with SHAP interpretability provides a robust predictive tool for NAFLD, enhancing the early identification and potential management of the disease. The model’s high accuracy and generalizability across diverse populations highlight its clinical utility, though future enhancements should include longitudinal data and lifestyle factors to refine risk assessments further.
Obesity and leptin in breast cancer angiogenesis
Authors: Lagarde Courtney B. , Thapa Kapil , Cullen Nicole M. , Hawes Mackenzie L. , Salim Khudeja , Benz Megan C. , Dietrich Sophie R. , Burow Brandon E. , Bunnell Bruce A. , Martin Elizabeth C. , Collins-Burow Bridgette M. , Lynch Ronald M. , Hoang Van T. , Burow Matthew E. , Fang Jennifer S.
Published: October 2024

At the time of breast cancer diagnosis, most patients meet the diagnostic criteria to be classified as obese or overweight. This can significantly impact patient outcome: breast cancer patients with obesity (body mass index > 30) have a poorer prognosis compared to patients with a lean BMI. Obesity is associated with hyperleptinemia, and leptin is a well-established driver of metastasis in breast cancer. However, the effect of hyperleptinemia on angiogenesis in breast cancer is less well-known. Angiogenesis is an important process in breast cancer because it is essential for tumor growth beyond 1mm3 in size as well as cancer cell circulation and metastasis. This review investigates the role of leptin in regulating angiogenesis, specifically within the context of breast cancer and the associated tumor microenvironment in obese patients.
Regulating facility soil microbial community and reducing cadmium enrichment in lettuce by reductive soil disinfestation
Authors: Sun Kaining , Zhang Shu , Wang Junfeng
Published: October 2024

The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in facility soil is attracting increasing attention. Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective soil disinfection method, while also having a certain passivating effect on Cd. The application of organic matter is crucial for the success of RSD, but the reduction efficiencies of different organic materials vary. Here, five treatments, namely untreated soil (CK), bean dregs (BD), peanut dregs (PD), sesame dregs (SD), and apple dregs (AD) were applied, and their performances in Cd immobilization in Cd-contaminated soil were assessed. Changes in soil properties and microbial communities were monitored. The results showed that the overall soil pH following RSD treatment decreased significantly, while organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable magnesium increased significantly. Compared to CK, the exchangeable (EX)-Cd contents after treatments SD and AD significantly decreased by 25.4% and 23.7%, respectively. RSD led to significant changes in the composition of soil microbial communities. SD treatment significantly increased the number of soil fungal operational taxonomic units (OTU), while BD, PD, and SD significantly increased the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Deinococus Thermus, and Basidiomycota in bacterial communities. The Gemmatimonadetes phylum showed a highly significant negative correlation with EX-Cd, indicating that it might have a positive effect on the fixation of Cd in polluted soil. SD significantly reduced the Cd content in the above-ground parts of lettuce by 74.76%, and had the least impact on lettuce biomass. It can be inferred that RSD is an ecologically effective method for the remediation of Cd pollution in facility soil by improving soil characteristics and altering microbial community composition to reduce Cd activity. However, further in-depth research is needed to optimize the types and amounts of organic materials applied.
Examining epigenetic aging in the post-mortem brain in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Shastri Gauri G. , Sudre Gustavo , Ahn Kwangmi , Jung Benjamin , Kolachana Bhaskar , Auluck Pavan K. , Elnitski Laura , Shaw Philip
Published: October 2024

Mathematical algorithms known as “epigenetic clocks” use methylation values at a set of CpG sites to estimate the biological age of an individual in a tissue-specific manner. These clocks have demonstrated both acceleration and delays in epigenetic aging in multiple neuropsychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. However, no study to date has examined epigenetic aging in ADHD despite its status as one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions, with 1 in 9 children having ever received an ADHD diagnosis in the US. Only a handful of studies have examined epigenetic age in brain tissue from neurodevelopmental conditions, with none focused on ADHD, despite the obvious relevance to pathogenesis. Thus, here we asked if post-mortem brain tissue in those with lifetime histories of ADHD would show accelerated or delayed epigenetic age, as has been found for other neurodevelopmental conditions. We applied four different epigenetic clocks to estimate epigenetic age in individuals with ADHD and unaffected controls from cortical (anterior cingulate cortex, N = 55) and striatal (caudate, N = 56) post-mortem brain tissue, as well as peripheral blood (N = 84) and saliva (N = 112). After determining which epigenetic clock performed best in each tissue, we asked if ADHD was associated with altered biological aging in corticostriatal brain and peripheral tissues. We found that a range of epigenetic clocks accurately predicted chronological age in all tissues. We also found that a diagnosis of ADHD was not significantly associated with differential epigenetic aging, neither for the postmortem ACC or caudate, nor for peripheral tissues. These findings held when accounting for comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, substance use, and stimulant medication. Thus, in this study of epigenetic clocks in ADHD, we find no evidence of altered epigenetic aging in corticostriatal brain regions nor in peripheral tissue. We consider reasons for this unexpected finding, including the limited sampling of brain regions, the age range of individuals studied, and the possibility that processes that accelerate epigenetic age may be counteracted by the developmental delay posited in some models of ADHD.
Neutrophils under the microscope: neutrophil dynamics in infection, inflammation, and cancer revealed using intravital imaging
Authors: Yam Andrew O. , Jakovija Arnolda , Gatt Catherine , Chtanova Tatyana
Published: October 2024

Neutrophils rapidly respond to inflammation resulting from infection, injury, and cancer. Intravital microscopy (IVM) has significantly advanced our understanding of neutrophil behavior, enabling real-time visualization of their migration, interactions with pathogens, and coordination of immune responses. This review delves into the insights provided by IVM studies on neutrophil dynamics in various inflammatory contexts. We also examine the dual role of neutrophils in tumor microenvironments, where they can either facilitate or hinder cancer progression. Finally, we highlight how computational modeling techniques, especially agent-based modeling, complement experimental data by elucidating neutrophil kinetics at the level of individual cells as well as their collective behavior. Understanding the role of neutrophils in health and disease is essential for developing new strategies for combating infection, inflammation and cancer.