bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular typing, biofilm production, and detection of carbapenemase genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from different infection sites using ERIC-PCR in Hamadan, west of Iran
Authors: Hazhirkamal Maryam , Zarei Omid , Movahedi Mahsa , Karami Pezhman , Shokoohizadeh Leili , Taheri Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Background

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause several kinds of nosocomial infections. Increasing antibiotic resistance as well as identifying genetic diversity and factors associated with pathogenicity and prevalence of this bacterium is important. The aim of this study was the investigation of molecular typing, biofilm production, and detection of carbapenemase genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from different infection sites using ERIC-PCR in Iran.

Methods

Forty isolates of A. baumannii were obtained from various wards of the central hospital, in the west of Iran. Phenotypic identification and genetic diversity, biofilm production assay, and detection of Carbapenemase genes carried out.

Results

Tracheal samples 26 (61.9 %) are the most frequent isolates, and 95 % of isolates were identified as MDR. 32.5 % of all A. baumannii strains were capable to form a strong biofilm. It was founded that antimicrobial resistance patterns had a significant relationship with strong biofilm formation (P = 0.001). Most frequencies of the studied genes were in the order of VIM (81 %), SPM (45.2 %), and IMP (35.7 %) genes. The VIM gene was the most frequent in all isolates which were significant (P = 0.006). 14 different ERIC-types were observed including 7 common types and 7 unique or single types. F type is the largest common type consisting of nine isolates and B, D, and E types contain two isolates separately.

Conclusions

ERIC-PCR technique was used to genetically classify A. baumannii isolates as one of the most common microorganisms in nosocomial infections.
CSF1R inhibition rescues tau pathology and neurodegeneration in an A/T/N model with combined AD pathologies, while preserving plaque associated microglia
Authors: Lodder Chritica , Scheyltjens Isabelle , Stancu Ilie Cosmin , Botella Lucena Pablo , Gutiérrez de Ravé Manuel , Vanherle Sarah , Vanmierlo Tim , Cremers Niels , Vanrusselt Hannah , Brône Bert , Hanseeuw Bernard , Octave Jean-Noël , Bottelbergs Astrid , Movahedi Kiavash , Dewachter Ilse
Published: June 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a sequential progression of amyloid plaques (A), neurofibrillary tangles (T) and neurodegeneration (N), constituting ATN pathology. While microglia are considered key contributors to AD pathogenesis, their contribution in the combined presence of ATN pathologies remains incompletely understood. As sensors of the brain microenvironment, microglial phenotypes and contributions are importantly defined by the pathologies in the brain, indicating the need for their analysis in preclinical models that recapitulate combined ATN pathologies, besides their role in A and T models only. Here, we report a new tau-seed model in which amyloid pathology facilitates bilateral tau propagation associated with brain atrophy, thereby recapitulating robust ATN pathology. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that ATN pathology exacerbated microglial activation towards disease-associated microglia states, with a significant upregulation of Apoe as compared to amyloid-only models (A). Importantly, Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor inhibition preferentially eliminated non-plaque-associated versus plaque associated microglia. The preferential depletion of non-plaque-associated microglia significantly attenuated tau pathology and neuronal atrophy, indicating their detrimental role during ATN progression. Together, our data reveal the intricacies of microglial activation and their contributions to pathology in a model that recapitulates the combined ATN pathologies of AD. Our data may provide a basis for microglia-targeting therapies selectively targeting detrimental microglial populations, while conserving protective populations.
Patients’ perceptions of orthodontic treatment experiences during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Arqub Sarah Abu , Voldman Rebecca , Ahmida Ahmad , Kuo Chia-Ling , Godoy Lucas Da Cunha , Nasrawi Yousef , Al-Khateeb Susan N. , Uribe Flavio
Published: June 2021

Background

COVID-19 has impacted the care of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. We aimed to provide an overall view of patients’ perspectives, concerns, and expectations towards their treatment throughout the clinic lockdown during the pandemic; and to assess patients’ levels of mental distress and its association with their confidence in resuming care.

Methods

An anonymous, validated, in-person paper questionnaire was distributed to adult orthodontic patients’ post-lockdown at an academic institution. The survey focused on the clinical aspects and patients’ perspectives regarding orthodontic treatment during the pandemic. The Kessler Mental Distress Scale (K10) was used to evaluate their psychological status. Survey responses were descriptively summarized and confidence in resuming care was compared between normal patients and patients with mental distress using Mann-Whitney tests.

Results

One hundred fifty-four patients were surveyed from July to October 2020. Mean age of the participants was 29.30 (SD = 12.01) years and 62% were females. Emergencies during the closure (21%, 32/154) involved primarily irritation with protruding wires. Patients were neutral regarding tele-dentistry and preferred their current fixed appliances over clear aligners. Upon resuming care, 80.51% were extremely pleased with the restrictive protocols and with high level of confidence in resuming treatment. The average level of anxiety was low, and a modest association was found between mental distress and reduced confidence in resuming treatment.

Conclusions

Few numbers of minor emergencies occurred during the clinic closure. Despite the rising interest in tele-dentistry, patients were neutral on considering this option to monitor treatment and were content with fixed appliances. Patients had high confidence levels to resume their care based on the protocols established upon reopening. The association of mental distress and confidence in resuming care is suggestive and needs further investigation.
The association between adherence to a dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and neuro-psychological function in young women
Authors: Saharkhiz Mansoore , Khorasanchi Zahra , Karbasi Samira , Jafari-Nozad Amir Masoud , Naseri Mohsen , Mohammadifard Mahtab , Siami Ali Abad Mahin , Ayadilord Malaksima , Ferns Gordon A. , Bahrami Afsane
Published: June 2021

Background

The adherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet may have a bidirectional relationship with mental wellbeing. We aimed to evaluate the association between compliance with a DASH diet and neuro-psychological function in young women.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 181 girls aged between 18 and 25 years were recruited. The dietary intakes of study participants were evaluated using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 65 food items. Neuropsychological function of participants was evaluated using standard questionnaires.

Results

As may be expected, individuals in the highest tertile (T3) of adherence to DASH diet (highest adherence) were found to consume more folate, fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy, nuts, legume, and seed, less sweetened beverage and sodium, compared to the participants in the lowest tertile (T1, lowest adherence). There was a significant negative correlation between cognitive function and consumption of red and processed meat (r = − 0.168; p < 0.05); quality of life score with dietary sodium (r = − 0.151; p < 0.01) and depression score with dietary vegetables (r = − 0.174; p < 0.05). In multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, BMI and energy intake, adherence to a DASH-style diet was associated with a lower stress score (OR = 0.70; 95%CI: 0.34–1.47, P = 0.067; T3 vs. T1) and difficulty with sleep initiation (OR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.21–1.00, P = 0.017; T3 vs. T1).

Conclusion

Adherence to a DASH diet may be associated with reduced stress and difficulty with initiating sleep.
Endovascular balloon-assisted liquid embolisation of soft tissue vascular malformations: technical feasibility and safety
Authors: Lamanna Anthony , Maingard Julian , Florescu Grace , Kok Hong Kuan , Ranatunga Dinesh , Barras Christen , Lee Michael J. , Brooks Duncan Mark , Jhamb Ashu , Chandra Ronil V. , Asadi Hamed
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal communications between arteries and veins without an intervening capillary system. The best endovascular treatment option for these is unclear and may involve multiple staged procedures using a variety of embolic materials. We report our initial experience using a modified version of a previously published neurointerventional technique to treat soft tissue AVMs with single-stage curative intent.

Materials and methods

Soft tissue AVMs treated endovascularly using either sole arterial or combined arterial and venous balloon-assisted techniques with liquid embolic agents were retrospectively identified over a 3.5 year period (January 2017 to June 2020)) at two centres. Clinical, pre-operative radiological, procedural technical and post treatment details were recorded.

Results

Seven patients were treated for symptomatic soft tissue arteriovenous malformations. These AVMs were located in the peripheral limbs (five), tongue (one) and uterus (one). Curative treatment was achieved in 6/7 patients with one patient requiring a second treatment approximately 1 year later. A variety of liquid embolisation agents (LEAs) including sclerosants and polymers were used. Clinical success rate was 100% following treatment. One patient experienced expected temporary post-operative tongue swelling requiring tracheostomy occurred following embolisation of the lingual AVM. A minor complication in a second patient was due to an access site haematoma developed following treatment of the hand AVM requiring surgical intervention. No long-term sequelae or additional complications were observed.

Conclusion

Endovascular arterial and venous balloon assisted LEA embolization of soft tissue AVMs with curative intent is feasible. This technique may provide an alternative treatment option for achieving durable occlusion for complex soft tissue AVMs.
Hormonal contraceptive use and depressive symptoms: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: de Wit Anouk E. , de Vries Ymkje Anna , de Boer Marrit K. , Scheper Celeste , Fokkema Ante A. , Schoevers Robert A. , Giltay Erik J.
Published: June 2021

Background

Observational studies suggest that hormonal contraceptive use may increase depressive symptoms in women, but it is unclear whether the effect is causal.

Aims

To quantitatively examine the evidence from randomised clinical trials for the link between hormonal contraceptive use and depressive symptoms.

Method

We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials comparing women randomised to any form of a hormonal contraceptive with women randomised to any other form of a (non-)hormonal contraceptive or placebo. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMCare and EMBASE, from inception to 1 May 2020. Certainty of the evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. A random-effect Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted, with change in depressive symptoms between baseline and three cycles as outcome.

Results

This review identified 3492 records, of which 14 trials were eligible and 12 could be included in the network meta-analysis. These trials included 5833 participants (mean age per study range: 16.8–32.4 years) and compared 10 different interventions. Compared with placebo, hormonal contraceptive use did not cause worsening of depressive symptoms (standardised mean difference: median, −0.04; range, −0.17 [95% credible interval −0.46 to 0.13] to 0.13 [95% credible interval −0.28 to 0.56]).

Conclusions

This study suggests that hormonal contraceptive use does not lead to an increase in depressive symptoms in adult women. Future studies should include first-time users, to confirm the results in young women.
Use of Continuous Glucose Monitor in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Requiring Insulin Infusion: An Observational Study
Authors: Faulds Eileen R , Boutsicaris Andrew , Sumner Lyndsey , Jones Laureen , McNett Molly , Smetana Keaton S , May Casey C , Buschur Elizabeth , Exline Matthew C , Ringel Matthew D , Dungan Kathleen
Published: June 2021

Context

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a need for remote blood glucose (BG) monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Objective

To evaluate feasibility and patient safety of a hybrid monitoring strategy of point-of-care (POC) BG plus continuous glucose monitor (CGM) in the ICU.

Design

Retrospective analysis.

Setting

ICU of an academic medical center.

Patients

Patients with COVID-19 on IV insulin.

Intervention

After meeting initial validation criteria, CGM was used for IV insulin titration and POC BG was performed every 6 hours or as needed.

Main Outcome Measures

Outcomes included frequency of POC BG, workflow, safety, and accuracy measures.

Results

The study included 19 patients, 18 with CGM data, mean age 58 years, 89% on mechanical ventilation, 37% on vasopressors, and 42% on dialysis. The median time to CGM validation was 137 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 114-206). During IV insulin, the median number of POC values was 7 (IQR 6-16) on day 1, and declined slightly thereafter (71% reduction compared with standard of 24/day). The median number of CGM values used nonadjunctively to titrate IV insulin was 11.5 (IQR 0, 15) on day 1 and increased thereafter. Time in range 70 to 180 mg/dL was 64 ± 23% on day 1 and 72 ± 16% on days 2 through 7, whereas time <70 mg/dL was 1.5 ± 4.1% on day 1 and <1% on days 2 through 7.

Conclusions

This study provides data to support that CGM using a hybrid protocol is feasible, accurate, safe, and has potential to reduce nursing and staff workload.
RNA-Seq reveals changes in human placental metabolism, transport and endocrinology across the first–second trimester transition
Authors: Prater Malwina , Hamilton Russell S. , Wa Yung Hong , Sharkey Andrew M. , Robson Paul , Abd Hamid N. Erlyani , Jauniaux Eric , Charnock-Jones D. Stephen , Burton Graham J. , Cindrova-Davies Tereza
Published: June 2021

The human placenta is exposed to major environmental changes towards the end of the first trimester associated with full onset of the maternal arterial placental circulation. Changes include a switch from histotrophic to hemotrophic nutrition, and a threefold rise in the intraplacental oxygen concentration. We evaluated their impact on trophoblast development and function using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and DNA-methylation analyses performed on the same chorionic villous samples at 7–8 (n=8) and 13–14 (n=6) weeks of gestation. Reads were adjusted for fetal sex. Most DEGs were associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hormone secretion, transport, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Transcripts higher in the first trimester were associated with synthesis and ER processing of peptide hormones, and glycolytic pathways. Transcripts encoding proteins mediating transport of oxygen, lipids, protein, glucose, and ions were significantly increased in the second trimester. The motifs of CBX3 and BCL6 were significantly overrepresented, indicating the involvement of these transcription factor networks in the regulation of trophoblast migration, proliferation and fusion. These findings are consistent with a high level of cell proliferation and hormone secretion by the early placenta to secure implantation in a physiological low-oxygen environment.
Developmental and adult acclimation impact cold and drought survival of invasive tropicalDrosophila kikkawai
Authors: Parkash Ravi , Lambhod Chanderkala , Pathak Ankita
Published: June 2021

Narrow distribution patterns of tropical Drosophila species are limited by lower resistance to cold or drought. In the invasive tropical Drosophila kikkawai, we tested whether developmental and adult acclimations at cooler temperatures could enhance its stress resistance level. Adult acclimation of winter collected body color morphs revealed a significant increase in the level of cold resistance. For light morph, its abundance during winter is not consistent with thermal-melanism hypothesis. However, higher cold acclimation capacity, as well as storage of energy metabolites could support its winter survival. In the wild-caught light and intermediate morphs, there is a lack of trade-off between cold and heat resistance but not in the case of dark morph. Developmental plasticity (15°C) resulted in the fivefold increase of cold survival at 0°C; and a twofold increase in desiccation resistance but a modest reduction (∼28–35%) in heat resistance as compared to morph strains reared at 25°C. Drought acclimation changes were significantly higher as compared with cold or heat pretreatment. We observed a trade-off between basal resistance and acclimation capacity for cold, heat, or drought resistance. For homeostatic energy balance, adult acclimation responses (cold versus drought; heat versus drought) caused compensatory plastic changes in the levels of proline or trehalose (shared patterns) but different patterns for total body lipids. In contrast, rapid cold or heat hardening-induced changes in energy metabolites were different as compared to acclimation. The ability of D. kikkawai to significantly increase stress tolerance through plasticity is likely to support its invasion potential.
Deep Gluteal Syndrome: A Pain in the Buttock
Authors: Hu Yao-Wen Eliot , Ho Garry W.K. , Tortland Paul D.
Published: June 2021

While buttock pain is a common complaint in sports medicine, deep gluteal syndrome (DGS) is a rare entity. DGS has been proposed as a unifying term referring to symptoms attributed to the various pain generators located in this region. While not all-inclusive, the diagnosis of DGS allows for focus on pathology of regionally associated muscles, tendons, and nerves in the clinical evaluation and management of posterior hip and buttock complaints. An understanding of the anatomic structures and their kinematic and topographic relationships in the deep gluteal space is pivotal in making accurate diagnoses and providing effective treatment. Because presenting clinical features may be unrevealing while imaging studies and diagnostic procedures lack supportive evidence, precise physical examination is essential in obtaining accurate diagnoses. Management of DGS involves focused rehabilitation with consideration of still clinically unproven adjunctive therapies, image-guided injections, and surgical intervention in refractory cases.
Ο επικοινωνιακός πόλεμος και η πολιτική επικοινωνία ως στοιχείο της διεθνούς πολιτικής
Authors: Ασπριάδης Νεόφυτος
Published: June 2021

Η παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζει το ρόλο της στρατηγικής πολιτικής επικοινωνίας στις διεθνείς συγκρούσεις υπό το πρίσμα μίας διεπιστημονικής προσέγγισης, η οποία εστιάζει στη διασύνδεση του πεδίου των Διεθνών Σχέσεων με αυτό της Πολιτικής Επικοινωνίας. Μέσα από τη σύγκλιση των δύο αυτών πεδίων, διερευνώνται η δυνατότητα, οι όροι και οι προϋποθέσεις συγκρότησης ενός διεπιστημονικού υπο-πεδίου, το οποίο λειτουργεί εντός του ευρύτερου πλαισίου της Διεθνούς Πολιτικής Επικοινωνίας, με άξονα τις Διεθνείς Συγκρούσεις και με ερευνητική θεματολογία η οποία επικεντρώνεται στο ρόλο της στρατηγικής επικοινωνίας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, ο στόχος της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η διερεύνηση της χρήσης της στρατηγικής επικοινωνίας στις διακρατικές σχέσεις και συγκεκριμένα της διαδικασίας στρατηγικής αποδόμησης των πολιτικών ηγετών και της εικόνας των κρατών στη διεθνή πολιτική. Η αναζήτηση εστιάζει στην κατανόηση του τρόπου με τον οποίο χρησιμοποιούνται τα στοιχεία ρητορικού αρνητισμού (στρατηγικές ρητορικών επιθέσεων) εναντίον ηγετών των κρατών. Γιατί υπάρχει ανάγκη αποδόμησης της κρατικής εικόνας στη διεθνή πολιτική; Ποιες είναι οι διεθνοπολιτικές συνθήκες οι οποίες επεξηγούν το πότε και υπό ποιους όρους πραγματοποιείται μία επίθεση από ένα κράτος; Ποιο το είδος του πολέμου που θα επιλεγεί; Πώς η επίθεση καθορίζει το πότε θα γίνει χρήση ρητορικής επίθεσης, υπό ποιους όρους θα χρησιμοποιηθεί η ρητορική επίθεση και οι ρητορικές στρατηγικές αποδόμησης, όπως και μέσα σε ποιο διεθνοπολιτικό συγκείμενο θα γίνουν; Για ποιο λόγο ο ηγέτης ή ανώτατοι αξιωματούχοι ενός κράτους επιτίθενται ρητορικά κατά ενός άλλου κράτους; Γίνεται αυτή η επίθεση στο συγκείμενο ενός πολέμου ή κάποιας άλλης μορφής σύγκρουσης; Η διαδικασία αποδόμησης της εικόνας γίνεται για λόγους διευκόλυνσης μιας επικείμενης στρατιωτικής επέμβασης ή είναι διαδικασίες αποδόμησης της εικόνας του άλλου, οι οποίες γίνονται στα πλαίσια ενός πληροφοριακού πολέμου για λόγους απλής αποσταθεροποίησης και μείωσης των συντελεστών ισχύος ενός κράτους; Με ποιο τρόπο οι θεωρίες των Διεθνών Σχέσεων μπορούν να συνεισφέρουν στον εμπλουτισμό των αιτιακών σχέσεων που συγκροτούν τη λογική της εκστρατείας, έτσι ώστε αυτή να γίνει λειτουργική στο επίπεδο της Διεθνούς Πολιτικής Επικοινωνίας;
RNAmining: A machine learning stand-alone and web server tool for RNA coding potential prediction
Authors: Ramos Thaís A.R. , Galindo Nilbson R.O. , Arias-Carrasco Raúl , da Silva Cecília F. , Maracaja-Coutinho Vinicius , do Rêgo Thaís G.
Published: June 2021

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important players in the cellular regulation of organisms from different kingdoms. One of the key steps in ncRNAs research is the ability to distinguish coding/non-coding sequences. We applied seven machine learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Neural Networks and Deep Learning) through model organisms from different evolutionary branches to create a stand-alone and web server tool (RNAmining) to distinguish coding and non-coding sequences. Firstly, we used coding/non-coding sequences downloaded from Ensembl (April 14th, 2020). Then, coding/non-coding sequences were balanced, had their trinucleotides count analysed (64 features) and we performed a normalization by the sequence length, resulting in total of 180 models. The machine learning algorithms validations were performed using 10-fold cross-validation and we selected the algorithm with the best results (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) to implement at RNAmining. Best F1-scores ranged from 97.56% to 99.57% depending on the organism. Moreover, we produced a benchmarking with other tools already in literature (CPAT, CPC2, RNAcon and TransDecoder) and our results outperformed them. Both stand-alone and web server versions of RNAmining are freely available at https://rnamining.integrativebioinformatics.me/.
Personified treatment and prevention of sexual developmental disorders in pubertal age girls with diffusive liver diseases
Authors: Chaykivska E. F.
Published: June 2021

Diffuse liver disease can have a pronounced detrimental effect on the developing reproductive system. Hepatoprotection in gynecological practice is not so much in the choice of drugs that protect or restore the liver, as in the appointment of optimal safe therapy for this category of patients, especially in adolescence. The aim: to study the effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs for disorders of the reproductive system in adolescent girls with diffuse liver disease. Material and methods. Under observation for the period 2010-2020 were 486 girls aged 12-17 years, of which 120 - with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH), 120 - with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 66 - with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 180 - conditionally somatically and gynecologically healthy girls with normal sexual development of the control group. All patients underwent general clinical, hepatological examination, determination of features of neuroendocrine status, sexual development. The author proposed a differentiated method of treatment and prevention measures to restore reproductive health in adolescents with chronic diffuse liver disease, which included the appointment of vitamin D, phytocompositions, vitamin-mineral complexes with myo-inositol, if necessary - hormonal hemostasis. Results. Against the background of improved neuroendocrine status in the examined girls there was a decrease in the number of cases of amenorrhea in the group with CVH from 5.00% to 0.00% (p<0.01), in the group of NAFLD - from 27.50% to 3.33% (OR 11.00 [3.757-32.207]), in the AIH group - from 13.64% to 0.00% (p<0.01); opsomenorrhea - from 24.17% to 2.50% (OR 12.43 [3,670-42,092]), from 67.50% to 7.50% (OR 25.62 [11.750-55.843]) and from 27. 27% to 6.06% (OR 5.81 [1.846-18.304]); oligomenorrhea - from 25.83% to 1.67% (OR 20.55 [4.791-88.152]), from 62.50% to 5.83% (OR 26.91 [11.52-62.83]) and from 27.27% to 4.55% (OR 7.88 [2.192-28.286]); juvenile uterine bleeding - from 18.33% to 1.67% (OR 13.25 [3.039-57.728]), from 10.00% to 0.00% (p<0.01) and from 9.09% to 0.00% (p<0.01); dysmenorrhea - from 38.33% to 12.50% (OR 4.20 [2.181-8.087]), from 14.17% to 5.00% (OR 3.14 [1.191-8.257]) and from 31.82 % to 13.64% (OR 2.96 [1.234-7.078]). Conclusions. The applied personalized treatment-and-prophylactic measures taking into account individual disorders of neuroendocrine status and menstrual health in adolescent girls with diffuse liver diseases are effective and allow to recommend this complex as a means of treatment and prevention of reproductive disorders.
Adrenal glands: morphofunctional reorganization based on the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors
Authors: Kulbitska Violetta , Nebesna Zoia , Trach Rosolovska Svitlana
Published: June 2021

The adrenal glands are the subject of many researches in biology and medicine. They have unique histoarchitectonics of the parenchyma and structure of the bloodstream. They also perform a number of important functions necessary for the normal vital activity of the body under stress. A large number of scientific papers are devoted to the study of changes in the structural organization of this organ at the micro- and submicroscopic levels under the influence of various external and internal factors. Morphofunctional changes in the gland after experimental thermal burns of the skin remain poorly understood, which requires further experimental studies in this area.The purpose of this study was to review the scientific literature on the effects of factors of different origins on the morphofunctional structure of the adrenal glands.The article analyzes scientific publications devoted to the study of the effects on the adrenal morphology of stress factors, heavy metals, drugs and toxic substances, alcohol, smoking, starvation, hypergravity, physical exercises, hypothermia, poisoning, dehydration, drugs, diabetes, and viral infections. It was found that the factors we mentioned cause the reorganization of the structural components of the adrenal glands, violations of their histoarchitectonics, in particular microcirculatory bed, at the micro- and submicroscopic level. In most cases, there were phenomena of pericellular and perivascular edema, focal hemorrhage, connective tissue growth, thickening of the connective tissue capsule of the organ with signs of edema, vacuolation and edema of the cytoplasm, and the appearance of pyknotic nuclei. In the long term that followed after the experiment, the stabilization of morphofunctional elements of the gland and the microcirculatory bed was recorded, but complete restoration of the structural integrity of the organ did not occur.
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation method in physiotherapy in patients after mastectomy
Authors: Filarecka Agnieszka , Jęchorek Michał
Published: June 2021

Rehabilitation in the course of breast cancer is an indispensable part of the treatment. The implementation of rehabilitation in the form of kinesitherapy should also take place in the pre-treatment period, so as to compensate for the possibility of complications associated with immobilisation of the patient after mastectomy. In most studies on post-mastectomy rehabilitation, emphasis is placed on anti-anginal prophylaxis and lymphedema therapy. The article aims to present treatment proposals that use the concept of PNF in improved postmastectomy patients. This method, known since the 90's, is often reserved for patients with neurological damage, but can also be successfully used in other patient groups using its main principles and philosophy of therapeutic goals. The article presents examples of activities that can be used in therapy in various phases. The paper presents the method of using the method associated with the upper limb dysfunction after mastectomy, which can be freely modified for the purposes of superior therapy. A review of available literature and own experience was used.
Study of reduction of antioxidant protection in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sirman Ya. V. , Preys N. I. , Savytskyi I. V.
Published: June 2021

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is growing among the population of countries of the world, depending on the region, the level of economic development of the country, gender and age. The antioxidant system plays an important role in protecting the cells of the body from permanent and numerous damage that occurs due to the pathological influence of free radicals. Antioxidant enzymes, and peroxidases in particular, block the initiation of chain oxidation processes, preventing, among other things, the processes of DNA damage by free radicals that provoke the process of mutagenesis.Our results indicate the development of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy, as evidenced by a pronounced decrease in the activity of the antioxidant defense enzyme under the conditions of our study.Already on the thirtieth day of the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy, a decrease in peroxidase activity was observed, followed by the progression of pathological changes on the sixtieth day of the study.The most pronounced decrease in the activity of the studied marker of antioxidant defense was found at the 3rd stage of the experiment.
Analysis of mandatory and recommended vaccination coverage among healthcare professionals
Authors: Bulavinova K. , Detsyk O. , Tsikhon Z.
Published: June 2021

Aim. The objective of present study is to evaluate the mandatory and recommended vaccination coverage among healthcare professionals.Materials & Methods. In 2018 – 2019 sociological survey was conducted among 1384 healthcare workers from 4 Ukrainian regions: primary care doctors (353 people), specialized medical care doctors (233), healthcare managers (88), nurses (700), and others (10).Results. The study revealed that 17,5% healthcare workers are not revaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus, 7,9% are revaccinated less frequently than every 10 years. The responses identified that 42,0% healthcare professionals are not vaccinated against hepatitis B, 13,1% – do not complete the series of three needed injections against hepatitis B. Regarding influenza immunization, 43,3% of respondents are not annually vaccinated, at the same time, they do not promote influenza immunization among the population.Mandatory and recommended vaccination coverage rate among healthcare professionals normally rises with age of participants (except hepatitis B with inverse relation). The mentioned coverage rate depends on contamination risk assessed by healthcare workers. The occupational activity also influences immunization rates: the lowest proportion of vaccinated workers is among specialized medical care doctors.The study shows that attendance of trainings on immunoprophylaxis organization leads to increasing the mandatory and recommended vaccination coverage rate, encouraging them to advocate vaccination in communities.Conclusion. A system of integrated cross-disciplinary decisions for increasing mandatory and recommended vaccination coverage rate among healthcare professionals is required.
Relationship between hyperventilation syndrome and anxiety disorders in women-internally displaced persons with threatened miscarriage
Authors: Romanenko I. Yu. , Romanenko I. V. , Romanenko Yu. I. , Glushchenko V. R. , Romanenko V. I. , Zaitsev M. A.
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe protracted armed conflicts create not only political, legal, socio-economic problems, form the migration flows of the population, but also affect the somatic and mental health of people. Pregnancy is a critical stage in the development of a woman's personality. According to recent studies, about 54% of women during pregnancy experience anxiety, the prevalence of hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) in population is 6-9.5%. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hyperventilation syndrome and to establish its relationship with anxiety disorders in women - internally displaced persons with threatened miscarriage, living in the Luhansk region to improve treatment measures and prevent obstetric and perinatal complications. Material and Methods. The study included 35 pregnant women - IDPs who were hospitalized regarding threatened miscarriage to the hospitals, located in the Luhansk region (group I). The control group consisted of 30 pregnant women with non-complicated obstetric anamnesis and physiological course of pregnancy with similar gestational period of pregnancy and place of residence. Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess the level of anxiety, the Nijmegen questionnaire was used to identify the manifestations of HVS. Results and discussion. Manifestations of HVS were observed in 8.57 % of patients of group I, in group II were not recorded. Patients of group I had significantly higher levels of state and trait anxiety, HVS. In group I a positive correlations between the indicators of HVS and indicators of state and trait anxiety were found. Conclusions. Antenatal study of levels of anxiety, manifestations of HVS in pregnant women - IDPs with threatened miscarriage will allow to individualize the approach to the management of pregnancy and if needed to timely develop rehabilitating measures, that will contribute to a successful outcome of the pregnancy and affect the health of the mother and her offspring.
Oxygen-dependent oxidation of proteins in the pathogenesis of spleen injury caused by acute blood loss, complicated by ischema-reperfusion of the limb and the efficiency of their correction by carbacetam
Authors: Iavorska I. V.
Published: June 2021

Activation of free radical processes is one of the key mechanisms of acute blood loss and ischemic-reperfusion syndrome. The spleen plays an important role in adaptive-compensatory processes during the blood loss. However, the state of oxidative modifications of proteins (OMP) in the spleen has not been studied enough. There are no data on the effectiveness of carbacetam in these conditions, that showed a pronounced protective effect on the enzyme link of the spleen antioxidant protection.Objective of research: to study the role of oxygen-dependent protein oxidation in the pathogenesis of spleen involvement during and after acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion, and the effectiveness of its correction with carbacetam.Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 108 nonlinear male rats weighing 200–220 g. All experiments were made using thiopental-sodium anesthesia. In separate groups of animals were simulated limb ischemia-reperfusion and acute blood loss as well as these combined injuries. In a separate group, the detected disorders were corrected with carbacetam. After 1 and 2 hours, as well as after 1, 7 and 14 days in the spleen of the experimental animals was determined the content of oxidative modifications of protein (OMP). The spleen was taken for additional investigation and the content of neutral (OMP370) and basic (OMP430) was determined in its homogenate.Results. Modeling of acute blood loss, complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, contributed to the increasing of the processes of uncontrolled oxidative modification of proteins in the spleen. The content of OMP370 rised significantly in the groups of animals, in which only ischemia-reperfusion of the limb or acute blood loss were simulated beginning from 2 h of the experiment. The content of OMP430 exceeded the base level in these experimental groups after 1 and 14 days. Violations of the studied indicators reached a maximum after 1 day, decreased to day 14, but did not reach the level of control group. Carbacetam had a protective effect on the intensity of OMP370-430 after 7 and 14 days of its usage, which puts carbacetam in a line of promising agents of complex therapy of spleen disturbances caused by acute blood loss and ischemic-reperfusion syndrome.Conclusions: Complication of acute blood loss by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb causes intensification of OMP in the spleen, that, compared with the control is an increase in the content of aldehyde and ketone derivatives of neutral and basic nature throughout the whole experiment with its maximal level at day 1. The use of carbacetam significantly reduces the intensity of OMP in the spleen compared to the group of animals that had no additional drug correction.
Role of the autonomic nervous system and lipoperoxidation in immunotropic effects of nitrogenous metabolites in patients with postradiation encephalopathia
Authors: Kuchma Igor , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Flyunt Igor-Severyn , Ruzhylo Sofiya , Nahurna Yaryna , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor
Published: June 2021

Background. We have previously shown that nitrogenous metabolites have immunomodulatory effects, both suppressor and enhancing, both in healthy rats and in humans exposed to pathogenic influences. The immunomodulatory effect of bilirubin is probably mediated through aryl hydrocarbon receptors, and uric acid through TL- and adenosine receptors of immune cells. The question of mediators of the immunomodulatory action of urea and creatinine remains open. We hypothesized the mediating role of mediators of the autonomic nervous system. A strong correlation was found between the constellation of nitrogenous metabolites, on the one hand, and the HRV markers of ANS, on the other hand. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between HRV markers of the parameters of the ANS as well as Lipoperoxidation, on the one hand, and the parameters of Immunity - on the other hand. Material and methods. The object of observation in 1997 were 19 men and 3 women who were exposed to pathogenic factors of the accident at the Chоrnobyl nuclear power plant during the liquidation of its consequences in 1986-87. The survey was conducted twice - on admission and after two weeks of rehabilitation at the Truskavets’ Spa. The state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) was judged by the HRV parameters recorded before and after submaximal bicycle ergometric loading. The state of lipid peroxidation assessed the content in the serum diene conjugates, malonic dyaldehid, activity of catalase serum and superoxide dismutase erythrocytes. Results. The coefficient of canonical correlation between the constellation of HRV markers of ANS and parameters of Immunity was 0,947 (χ2(126)=178; p=0,002) The inclusion in factor structure parameters of Lipoperoxidation increases R to 0,973 (χ2(231)=314; p<10-6). Conclusion. Previously identified immunomodulatory effects of urea and creatinine as well as uric acid and bilirubin are realized, possibly, through cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms as well as reactive oxygen species.
Prevention of postoperative peritonitis and its complications
Authors: Droniak M. M.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: to develop a new method of lavage of the abdominal cavity in the experimental conditions.Materials and methods. We treated 456 patients with postoperative peritonitis who were on treatment in the surgery department of the municipal non-profit enterprise Regional Clinical Hospital of Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council in the period from 2000 to 2021. Patients are divided into 2 groups. The retrospective group consisted of 212 patients, prospective - 244 patients.Research results and their discussion. The method of lavage of postoperative peritonitis was carried out as follows: during relaparotomy, after mechanical cleaning of the abdominal cavity from fecal masses, bile, blood clots, fibrin layers, the abdominal cavity washed twice with 2-3 l of 0.02% solution of decamethoxine at a temperature of 30-35 ° C. After removing the drug residues from the abdominal cavity, pour2 liters of solution for peritoneal dialysis Extranil at a temperature of370C, the active substance of which is icodextrin, not glucose, ie it is not a nutrient medium for microorganisms, but has antimicrobial action due to hyperosmolarity and exposure to hyperosmolarity and increases its adsorption properties. This is followed by drainage of the abdominal cavity from four points with polyvinyl chloride tubes, which are intimately fixed to the skin and blocked for 6 hours.
Socio-geographical aspects of formation of the general educational complex of regions of Ukraine
Authors: Bilous Yuriy
Published: June 2021

The article considers spatial differences in the development of the general educational complex. The main indicators that characterize the level of development of the general educational complex are the coefficient of concentration, the coefficient of localization, social density, the quality of students' knowledge, the number of teachers, and others. Based on these indicators, 5 groups of regions were identified according to the level of development of the general educational complex using Kohonen's self-organizing feature map. As of January 1, 2020, there were 14,815 general secondary education institutions inUkraine, with 437,981 teachers and more than 4 million students. In general, inUkraine, there is significant spatial differentiation in the level of development of general secondary education, which contradicts the principles of equality and access to quality educational services.
Relationships between geomagnetic Ар-indeх and parameters of the immunity in patients with multiple sclerosis and radiculopathies
Authors: Popovych Igor , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Badiuk Nataliya , Napierała Marek , Muszkieta Radosław , Zukow Walery , Yanchij Roman , Lapovets’ Natalia , Lapovets’ Lyubov , Tserkovnyuk Ruslan , Akimova Viorica , Nahurna Yaryna , Martianova Olha , Vivchar Roman , Chendey Ivanna , Ruzhylo Sofiya
Published: June 2021

Background. The effect of geomagnetism on human immunity has so far been studied through long-term observations. We set ourselves the goal of detecting the immediate immunotropic effects of the Earth's magnetic field by analyzing the relationships between immunity parameters and the geomagnetic Ap-index. Material and methods. The object of observation were 74 patients with multiple sclerosis and 14 patients with radiculopathies, who in the period from September 2014 to November 2018 conducted a one-time assessment of immune status by the relative content in the blood of lymphocytes of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, CD56+ and CD19+ phenotypes and serum level of Immunoglobulines M, G, A as well as CIC and IL-1β. On the day of blood capture and during the previous 7 days, retrospectively recorded the geomagnetic Ap-index, using a publicly available information resource http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kp/index.html. Results. During the week, the average level of Ap-index ranged from 12÷20 nT. The correlation coefficients between the Ap-index on the day of blood collection and 1, 3 and 7 days before it and the level of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes were -0,57; -0,48; -0,55 і -0,52 respectively, while on other days were in the range of -0,35÷0,05. In contrast, with the level of CD56+ lymphocytes Ap-index correlates positively and almost mirror (0,56; 0,43; 0,54 і 0,57 respectively and 0,34÷-0,08), due to the reciprocity of their levels (r=-0,80). Also positive, but much weaker, correlates the Ap-index with the level of CD25+ lymphocytes (0,35; 0,25; 0,45 і 0,31 respectively and 0,22÷-0,14). In contrast, with the level of IL-1β Ap-index correlates significantly only on the day of blood collection and 2 days before (r=0,21 and 0,31 respectively), and with other registered parameters of immunity the correlation is insignificant. The canonical correlation between Ap-indices for 7 days before and on the day of blood collection, on the one hand, and the levels of CD4+, CD56+, CD25+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and the concentration of IgM and IL-1β - on the other hand, was very strong: R=0,741; R2=0,549; χ2(42)=130; p<10-6. Conclusion. Disturbances of the geomagnetic field (Ap-index) has a significant immediate modulating effect on the level of immune parameters in the blood, mostly T-helpers (suppressor) and natural killers (enhancing).
Special features of confessional life of the Roman Catholic Church in the Western regions of Ukraine in 1958–1964
Authors: Didukh Taras
Published: June 2021

The influence of the anti-religious campaign of the Soviet government on confessional life of the Roman Catholic Church is examined in the article, based on the study of special literature and involvement and complex analysis of the archival sources. Changes that took place in the Roman Catholic denomination due to pressure of the Soviet authorities on it, in particular reduction of its network in the western regions ofUkrainein 1958–1964, are analyzed.
Acceptance of illness and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Krzemińska Sylwia Anna , Kostka Anna Maria
Published: June 2021

Background: results of studies concerning the quality of life in chronic diseases and the predictors thereof are a source of valuable information making it possible to take the right actions, both educational, at every stage, and therapeutic. The assessment acceptance of illness and the quality of life enables the identification of patients' actual problems and objections as well as the recognition of their needs for the purpose of treatment optimization.Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the acceptance of the disease and the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods: The study assessed disease acceptance and the quality of life in 194 people living with type 2 diabetes for over 10 years. The AIS (Acceptance of Illness) and WHOQoL –BREF questionnaires were used.Results: Acceptance  of illness in the study group was average  24.21 points (SD=8.61).Patients are not satisfied with the quality of their life and their own health. According to the assessment of patients, the quality of their life is the highest in the social domain (mean13.72±2.18), slightly worse in the environmental domain (mean 13.31±2.1) and it is the worst in the mental (mean12.82±2.78) and physical (mean 12.02±3.24) domain. The AIS result significantly and positively correlated with each domain of life (all of them p<0.05), therefore, the higher the AIS result (better acceptance of illness).Conclusion: Acceptance of illness is an independent predictor of the quality of life in terms of the perception of own health and the perception of the quality of life in general. It also affects all domains of life.  The greater the acceptance of illness, the higher the quality of life in all domains.