bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of four decades of research in organisational career psychology by academia in South Africa
Authors: Schreuder Dries , Coetzee Melinde
Published: December 2012

Orientation: Career research in organisations has increased in importance since the 1970s, which heralded new directions for organisational career research and practice both globally and nationally. Research purpose: The study critically reviewed trends in organisational career psychology research in South Africa from 1970 to 2011 in terms of global and present national challenges that require empirical investigation in the contemporary South African world of work context.Motivation for the study: The increasingly complex contexts, in which people have been pursuing their careers since the catalytic 1970s, demand the continuous generation and development of knowledge for the benefit of the discipline and practice of careers.Research design, approach and method: A broad systematic review was carried out to analyse documented academia research (N = 110) on careers from 1970 to 2011, which was published in six accredited South African scientific journals.Main findings: Much of the research addressed issues pertaining to career theory and concepts, the world of work and career assessment and technology. Career development, professional issues and organisational career interventions in the multi-cultural South African context appear to be under-researched.Practical/managerial implications: The insight derived from the findings can be employed by academia and researchers, in this field, to plan future research initiatives that will contribute to the profession and practice of career guidance and counselling in the contemporary workplace.Contribution/value-add: The findings provide preliminary insight that adds to the body of knowledge concerned with career studies in the South African organisational context.
Educação ambiental corporativa para crianças: analisando a animação Peixonauta do Discovery Kids
Authors: Wortmann Maria Lúcia Castagna , Ripoll Daniela , Possamai Laís
Published: December 2012

A partir da análise da série Peixonauta, desenho animado que integra a programação docanal de TV por assinatura Discovery Kids, vinculado ao grupo Discovery Channel,buscamos destacar como algumas problemáticas ambientais são apresentadas às crianças, bem como discutir como são delineadas, nesta série, algumas identidades preservacionistas. A animação Peixonauta dá destaque a questões ambientais: introdução de espécies exóticas e domésticas na natureza, e o modo como essa prática afeta o meio ambiente; poluição das águas, solo e ar; e certos fenômenos naturais. Realizado na intersecção da Educação, da Educação Ambiental, dos Estudos Culturaise dos Estudos de Mídia, este estudo problematiza o modo como este desenho ensina quais ações e quais problemas devem ser considerados relativamente aos chamados ambientes naturais. O corpus analítico compõe-se de 30 episódios que evidenciam quatro temáticas ambientais: a) reciclagem de materiais; b) introdução de espécies exóticas; c) poluição; d) mudanças climáticas e problemas associados. Os resultados sugerem que o Discovery Kids prática uma espécie de “Educação Ambiental corporativa” ao introduzir e valer-se de temas “verdes” em sua programação. Em Peixonauta, tal intenção fica evidenciada. Algumas personagens representam sujeitos a serem conscientizados ambientalmente; outros ensinam o que é ser “ambientalmente responsável”. Há, também, os que detêm conhecimentos legitimados. Além disso, a tecnologia é colocada em destaque como meio seguro e rápido para a solução dos problemas ambientais. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, ao simplificar o encontro de soluções, a série operaria na direção da naturalização/banalização dos problemas ambientais, provocando o seu apagamento.
O dispositivo da sustentabilidade: pedagogias no contemporâneo
Authors: Sampaio Shaula Maíra Vicentini de , Guimarães Leandro Belinaso
Published: December 2012

O presente trabalho deriva-se de duas pesquisas, cujo foco central é a relação entrea educação e a sustentabilidade. Discutem-se no texto as pedagogias postas emcirculação na cultura a partir do dispositivo da sustentabilidade, através dos seusinúmeros artefatos (textos jornalísticos, capas de revistas, entre outros). Inicialmente,explicita-se o entendimento do conceito de dispositivo: noção com a qual se operamas análises das pesquisas. Depois, adentra-se nas pedagogias instituídas pelas linhas decomposição do dispositivo da sustentabilidade através de duas imagens midiáticas sobrea questão ambiental. A partir delas, argumenta-se um dos efeitos pedagógicos dodispositivo: sua penetrabilidade, pelas teias do mercado, nos modos como se enxergae se narra a vida. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados advêm dos Estudos Culturais, emsuas vertentes pós-estruturalistas. Esse amplo e controverso campo de estudos e depráticas permite colocar sob rasura as narrativas sobre a sustentabilidade, buscandovê-las em seus efeitos.
Os projetos político-pedagógicos dos cursos de pedagogia e os temas ambientais: o caso das universidades federais brasileiras
Authors: Gesualdo de Oliveira Maíra , De Carvalho Luiz Marcelo
Published: December 2012

A discussão em torno da temática ambiental e das possibilidades e limites do processoeducativo relacionado com as questões propostas por essa temática se faz presente emmuitos setores da sociedade atual. A produção e veiculação de pesquisas e a proposição deprogramas e ações relacionados principalmente com a inserção da Educação Ambiental(EA) no ensino formal nos permitem vislumbrar a amplitude que tal iniciativa vemtomando. Nesse contexto, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa em nível de mestrado que seinsere no âmbito do Projeto Observatório da Educação Capes/INEP/Secadi e procuraanalisar possíveis processos de ambientalização curricular expressos nos projetos políticopedagógicos(PPP) dos cursos de licenciatura em Pedagogia de universidades federaisbrasileiras. O artigo que apresentamos é um recorte dessa pesquisa no qual aprofundamosa discussão de dois temas ambientais: – As dimensões da EA – e – Desenvolvimentoe natureza: algumas possibilidades –. Assim, partindo de uma pesquisa documentale tendo o apoio teórico de autores que têm procurado refletir sobre os significados datemática ambiental para as sociedades contemporâneas e sobre propostas críticas para aEducação Ambiental, procura-se explorar, por meio de análise dos PPPs, possíveis sentidosatribuídos a esses processos de ambientalização curricular. Como principal referencialmetodológico, nos apoiamos na proposta de – produção de sentidos – apresentada porGomes e Nascimento (2006). Algumas reflexões sobre os dados nos permitem vislumbrarque diferentes temas ambientais vêm sendo considerados nos projetos desses cursos, o queevidencia movimentos e processos de ambientalização curricular.
As Bruxas no Divã: o desafio de ser criativo e ousar no ensino de artes
Authors: Rossa Marcelo , Bess Márcio Luiz , Vanzin Tarcizio
Published: December 2012

Este artigo relata o projeto “As Bruxas no Divã”, que consiste na produção de um filme no Instituto Estadual de Educação (IEE) escola da rede estadual de ensino de SC. Nele introduziu-se a linguagem cinematográfica na Educação Infantil, contribuindo no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Artes. O objetivo deste projeto foi desenvolver uma vivência dentro das diversas linguagens artísticas, bem como aguçar a reflexão sobre questões existenciais da vida. O projeto oportunizou a utilização de diversas linguagens artísticas bem como as novas tecnologias. A motivação para seu desenvolvimento foi à literatura e a produção de cinema amador infantil e se mostraram uma forma de comunicação apta a estabelecer interdisciplinaridade de várias áreas do conhecimento de forma criativa e harmoniosa.
O garoto selvagem: a importância das relações sociais e da educação no processo de desenvolvimento humano
Authors: Dos Anjos Pereira Tatiane Marina , Galuch Maria Terezinha Bellanda
Published: December 2012

Partindo do pressuposto de que o processo de hominização ocorre na medida emque o indivíduo, vivendo em comunidade, se organiza sob as bases do trabalho,submetendo-se às leis sociais e históricas, o presente estudo analisa o filme francêsO garoto selvagem (L’enfant sauvage), de 1969, cuja narrativa pauta-se na históriaverídica da descoberta, em 1797, de um garoto com idade entre 11 e 12 anos, que nãodemonstrava resquícios do contato com a sociedade humana. Considerando a relaçãoque se estabelece entre os processos de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, configuradosnuma situação incomum de total isolamento social, refletiu-se sobre as dificuldades eos avanços relatados pelo médico Jean Marc Itard, em relação à reeducação do “garotoselvagem”. Nesse sentido, a perspectiva histórico-cultural subsidiou a análise sobre opapel desempenhado pela educação nos processos de hominização e desenvolvimentocognitivo do garoto, ponderando as mudanças experimentadas por Victor, em meioàs sucessivas tentativas de socialização impetradas por seu tutor. Anseia-se, assim,contribuir com as discussões fomentadas por autores como Banks-Leite e Galvão(2000a; 2000b); Gonçalves e Peixoto (2001); Dias (2007); Feijó (2007), entre outros.Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento humano. Cultura. Educação.
Ensino superior, mídias e conhecimento: novas notícias e velhos discursos
Authors: De Mari Cezar Luiz , Carlette Thiengo Lara
Published: December 2012

A série de reportagens Universidade: a chave do futuro, exibida no mês de maio de2011, no Jornal da Globo, é o recorte midiático que serve como ponto de partidapara as discussões deste estudo. Apresentamos a análise de tal série entendendo queos meios de comunicação atuam como porta-vozes do pensamento conservadorbrasileiro. O ferramental gramsciano norteia a análise ao situar as disputas ideológicasentre os grupos sociais na sociedade civil, representados pelos aparelhos privados dehegemonia, dentre os quais estão os meios de comunicação. O estudo perpassa pelasdiscussões sobre o protagonismo da educação, sobretudo no atendimento às demandasdo mercado e para o desenvolvimento, na estreita vinculação entre a educação e osetor econômico; a estrutura de tripé para a boa universidade; o binômio público eprivado; bem como a avaliação e o ranqueamento das universidades. Tais temáticasem destaque expressam a constituição de um consenso conservador a respeito dareconfiguração do Ensino Superior no Brasil.
Does Corruption Hinder Trade for the New EU Members?
Authors: Horsewood Nicholas , Voicu Anca Monika
Published: December 2012

The paper uses a gravity trade model to examine the impact of corruption on bilateral trade using a data set comprising OECD economies, new EU members and developing nations. Although the level of corruption of both the importing and exporting nations does hinder cross-border transactions, differences between their ethical standards do have a negative impact on trade flows. The model is used to assess the impact on exports and imports of Romania and Bulgaria joining the European Union.
Intricacies of Social Movement Outcome Research and beyond: “How can you Tell” Social Movements Prompt Changes?
Authors: Suh Doowon
Published: December 2012

Most scholars of social movements have been drawn to research on the politically contentious behavior of collective actors because of the conviction that social movements sometimes generate significant historical progress and social change. Yet movement outcome research has been least developed in the literature. This irony emanates from methodological and causal intricacies that fail to clearly explicate how social movements create change. The challenges encompass the heaped typologies, mutual inconsistencies, causal heterogeneities, and conflictive evaluation criteria of movement outcomes. To overcome these quandaries, this paper proposes that (1) any attempt to find an invariant model or general theorization of a movement outcome is inevitably futile; (2) instead, attention to the specific context of time and place in which social movements produce outcomes is necessary; and (3) a comprehensive understanding of the origins of a movement outcome becomes possible when multiple variables are considered and their combined effects are analyzed.
The Antarctic ice core chronology (AICC2012): an optimized multi-parameter and multi-site dating approach for the last 120 thousand years
Authors: Veres D. , Bazin L. , Landais A. , Toyé Mahamadou Kele H. , Lemieux-Dudon B. , Parrenin F. , Martinerie P. , Blayo E. , Blunier T. , Capron E. , Chappellaz J. , Rasmussen S. O. , Severi M. , Svensson A. , Vinther B. , Wolff E. W.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The deep polar ice cores provide reference records commonly employed in global correlation of past climate events. However, temporal divergences reaching up to several thousand years (ka) exist between ice cores over the last climatic cycle. In this context, we are hereby introducing the Antarctic Ice Core Chronology 2012 (AICC2012), a new and coherent timescale developed for four Antarctic ice cores, namely Vostok, EPICA Dome C (EDC), EPICA Dronning Maud Land (EDML) and Talos Dome (TALDICE), alongside the Greenlandic NGRIP record. The AICC2012 time scale has been constructed using the Bayesian tool Datice (Lemieux-Dudon et al., 2010) that combines glaciological inputs and data constraints, including a wide range of relative and absolute gas and ice stratigraphic markers. We focus here on the last 120 ka, whereas the companion paper by Bazin et al., (2012) focuses on the interval 120–800 ka. Compared to previous timescales, AICC2012 presents an improved timing for the last glacial inception respecting the glaciological constraints of all analyzed records. Moreover, with the addition of numerous new stratigraphic markers and improved calculation of the lock-in depth (LID) based on δ15N data employed as the Datice background scenario, the AICC2012 presents a new timing for the bipolar sequence of events over Marine Isotope Stage 3 associated with the see-saw mechanism, with maximum differences of about 500 yr with respect to the previous Datice-derived chronology of Lemieux-Dudon et al. (2010), hereafter denoted LD2010. Our improved scenario confirms the regional differences for the millennial scale variability over the last glacial period: while the EDC isotopic record (events of triangular shape) displays peaks roughly at the same time as the NGRIP abrupt isotopic increases, the EDML isotopic record (events characterized by broader peaks or even extended periods of high isotope values) reached the isotopic maximum several centuries before.
Quarter-Symmetric Nonmetric Connection onP-Sasakian Manifolds
Authors: Mondal Abul Kalam , De U. C.
Published: December 2012

The object of the present paper is to study a quarter-symmetric nonmetric connection on aP-Sasakian manifold. In this paper we consider the concircular curvature tensor and conformal curvature tensor on aP-Sasakian manifold with respect to the quarter-symmetric nonmetric connection. Next we consider second-order parallel tensor with respect to the quarter-symmetric non-metric connection. Finally we consider submanifolds of an almost paracontact manifold with respect to a quarter-symmetric non-metric connection.
Collection Inventory in a Canadian Academic Dentistry Library
Authors: Buda Maria , He Helen
Published: December 2012

Introduction: Collection inventories are time consuming but necessary to clean up catalogue records and improve access and retrieval. This article outlines the methods of carrying out an inventory project at the Dentistry Library, University of Toronto, for the first time in 16 years. As a result, a kit was developed to help implement this project in future years. Description: The kit outlines the steps for the inventory including creating a shelf-list using SIRSIDynix Symphony 3.0's report function, importing into Excel, and separating the collection in smaller sections to make the process less onerous. Outcomes: Readers are informed of the results of this inventory and challenges that arose with the hope that similar projects will be encouraged in other libraries. Collection analysis was not completed in depth, but general conclusions can be stated about the strengths and weaknesses at this time. Discussion: Because of the length of time since the last inventory was completed, this project took longer than expected. The inventory kit, developed from the lessons learned, will facilitate future inventories at the Dentistry Library, as well as other libraries undertaking a collection inventory. Conclusion: Overall, this was a great learning exercise for the Dentistry Library team, and it resulted in improved access to materials by providing users with the correct item information.
The HLABC Webcasting–Webconferencing Pilot Project
Authors: Greyson Devon , Allgaier Anne
Published: December 2012

The purpose of the Health Library Association of British Columbia (HLABC) Webcasting–Webconferencing Pilot Project was to assess the feasibility and value of using Web-based technologies to improve access to continuing education (CE) events and meetings, particularly for our association's rural and remote members. By offering online access to CE events and other Chapter activities, we aimed to facilitate professional development and networking opportunities for our members by enabling those who have previously been unable to attend CE events and meetings to participate online. From June 2010 through May 2011, HLABC offered web access (via WebEx Meeting Centre) to all of our association's events. To assess value and feasibility, we conducted post-event surveys and a whole membership final project evaluation. The overwhelming majority of respondents were enthusiastic about the project's ability to increase event access. Lessons learned from the project include the need for sufficient IT troubleshooting time as well as ways to change meeting culture to better include online attendees within a primarily face-to-face event. An unanticipated benefit to the project was the ability to spontaneously create collaborative new programming, such as an online journal club. At the end of the pilot project, our association resolved to adopt Web delivery as an ongoing strategy, raising member dues a small amount to partly defray the cost of the technology.
Brown University Library Fund Accounting System
Authors: Wedgeworth Robert
Published: December 2012

The computer-based acquisitions procedures which have been developed at the Library provide more efficient and more effective control over fund accounting and the maintenance of an outstanding order file. The system illustrates an economical, yet highly flexible, approach to automated acquisitions procedures in a university library.
Comparative Costs of Converting Shelf List Records to Machine Readable Form
Authors: Chapin Richard E. , Pretzer Dale H.
Published: December 2012

A study at Michigan State University Library compared the costs of three different methods of conversion: keypunching, paper-tape typewriting, and optical scanning by a service bureau. The record converted included call number, copy number, first 39 letters of the author's name, first 43 letters of the title, and date of publication. Source documents were all of the shelf list cards at the Library. The end products were a master book tape of the library collections and a machine readable book card for each volume to be used in an automated circulation system.
Automated Book Order and Circulation Control Procedures at the Oakland University Library
Authors: Auld Lawrence
Published: December 2012

Automated systems of book order and circulation control using an IBM 1620 Computer are described as developed at Oakland University. Relative degrees of success and failure are discussed briefly.
Bell Laboratories' Library Real-Time Loan System (BELLREL)
Authors: Kennedy R. A.
Published: December 2012

Bell Telephone Laboratories has established an on-line circulation system linking two terminals in each of its three largest libraries to a central computer. Objectives include imporved service through computer pooling of collections, immediate reporting on publication  availability or a borrower's record, automatice reserve follow-up; reduced labor; and increased management information. loans, returns, reserves and many queries are handled in real time. Input may be keyboard only or combined with card reading, to handle all publications with borrower present or absent. BELLREL is now being used for some 1500 transactions per day.
An Integrated Computer Based Technical Processing System in a Small College Library
Authors: Scott Jack W.
Published: December 2012

A functioning technical processing system in a two-year community college library utilizes a model 2201 Friden Flexowriter with punch card control and tab card reading units, an IBM 026 Key Punch, and an IBM 1440 computer, with two tape and two disc drives, to produce all acquisitions and catalog files based primarily on a single typing at the time of initiating an order. Records generated by the initial order, with slight updating of information, are used to produce, via computer, manual and mechanized order files and shelf lists, catalogs in both the traditional 3x5 card form and book form, mechanized claiming of unfilled orders, and subject bibliographies.
Production of Library Catalog Cards and Bulletin Using an IBM 1620 Computer and an IBM 870 Document Writing System
Authors: Murrill Donald P.
Published: December 2012

A program is presented which runs on an IBM 1620 Computer and produces punched cards that activate an IBM 870 Document Writing System to type catalog cards in upper- and lower-case characters. Another program produces punched cards which instruct the 870 to type a library accessions bulletin. The programs are written in FORTRAN II and are described in detail. Estimates of costs and production times are included.
Automatic Retrieval of Biographical Reference Books
Authors: Weil Cherie B.
Published: December 2012

A description of one of the first projected attempts to automate a reference service, that of advising which biographical reference book to use. Two hundred and thirty-four biographical books were categorized as to type of subjects included and contents of the uniform entries they contain. A computer program which selects up to five books most likely to contain answers to biographical questions is described and its test results presented An evaluation of the system and a discussion of ways to extend the scheme to other forms of reference work are given.
MARC II and COBOL
Authors: Avram Henriette D. , Droz Julius R.
Published: December 2012

A description of the machine processing of MARC II records using COBOL for an application on the Library of Congress System 360/30. Emphasis is on the manipulation by COBOL of highly complex variable length MARC records containing variable length fields.
Dualisme, mixité et métissage juridique : Québec, Hong Kong, Macao, Afrique du Sud et Israël
Authors: Morin Michel
Published: December 2012

Pendant longtemps, le droit comparé s’est principalement intéressé à trois grandes familles ou traditions issues d’Europe, celles de droit civil, de common law ou des pays socialistes, même si ces regroupements dissimulaient d’innombrables divergences. Or, un droit d’origine romaniste (codifié ou non) peut survivre dans un État où prédomine la common law ; celui-ci est alors appelé un « pays de droit mixte ». Il en va ainsi des systèmes québécois et canadien, en raison de la dualité de leurs sources. Si la doctrine déplore traditionnellement le métissage du droit civil, elle admet aujourd’hui que, en dépit des emprunts aux institutions et des références aux décisions de common law, le droit privé québécois demeure fondamentalement civiliste. Il a préséance en cas de lacune dans une loi fédérale, sauf si le droit public entre en jeu. Les textes du présent numéro de la Revue de droit McGill abordent divers aspects des systèmes juridiques mixtes d’autres territoires, soit Hong Kong, Macao, l’Afrique du Sud et Israël. L’indépendance judiciaire à Hong Kong semble menacée par la culture juridique autoritaire de la République populaire de Chine, malgré l’absence de toute modification institutionnelle apparente. En Israël et en Afrique du Sud, les juristes acceptent bien la coexistence de traditions différentes — germanique, britannique, américaine, coutumière. Cette ouverture d’esprit devrait se poursuivre à l’avenir, au moins pour les questions nouvelles ou controversées.
The parents of neuroscience and the neuroscience of parents
Authors: Silva Ilton Santos da , Freeman Katie Coren , Kinsley Craig Howard
Published: December 2012

Today’s burgeoning science of the mind, neuroscience stands on the shoulders of giants, great minds that have madehistory and still influence present day neurobiology because the strength of their contributions was so widespread andenduring. Our contribution will discuss some of the major forebears of neuroscience, and their continued contribution tothe field. We will trace some of the fundamental roots of the field going back thousands of years, showing a logical connectionbetween thinking of the past and ideas today. We next discuss our present day work and modest contributionsto the thinking about the brain and its natural malleability owing to the events of pregnancy and care of young. Finally,we will talk about what the future of the field may hold as more advancement in technology and apparatus lead us tonew discoveries and insights into our inner universe. Together, we hope to demonstrate that basic ideas and theorizing,first proposed in the vivid imaginations of science giants still hold sway today, influencing thinking and research at thethreshold of the 21st century. A good idea remains a good idea, resistant to time and tide, and available to inspire and guidethinking and theorizing long after its source has disappeared.
Sociobiologia: Dos insetos sociais aos homens
Authors: Neves Felipe Marcel
Published: December 2012

A sociobiologia foi considerada uma disciplina polêmica durante seus primeiros anos, mas tal como a própria teoria da seleção natural, tornou-se uma parte fundamental do estudo do comportamento social. Desde seus primórdios, com os insetos sociais,a abordagem sociobiológica sempre trouxe novos argumentos e gerou teorias que resultaram em diversos estudos clássicos do comportamento animal, e em até uma nova importante área de estudo. Apesar de todo o progresso já alcançado desde Darwin, o estudo das bases biológicas do comportamento social ainda possui um grande potencial para causar relevantes transformações na ciência. Este ensaio define a sociobiologia, revela sua história e especula parte de seu futuro.
Abordagens sistêmicas em toxinologia: Perspectivas e implicações de metodologias ômicas no estudo de toxinas de venenos de serpentes
Authors: Zelanis André
Published: December 2012

Na última década, a utilização de técnicas de sufixo “oma” em toxinologia tem se intensificado e possibilitado o entendimento da complexidade dos proteomas dos venenos de diversas espécies de serpentes, bem como do transcriptoma de glândulas de veneno. As abordagens sistêmicas (proteômica e transcriptômica), quando utilizadas em conjunto, apresentam um grande impacto na pesquisa toxinológica, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos diversos aspectos bioquímicos e funcionais dos venenos, bem como no entendimento da sua inerente variabilidade. Nesse contexto, um dos principais desafios é o baixo número de proteínas de venenos de serpentes disponíveis nos bancos de dados atuais. O recente reconhecimento do envenenamento ofídico como uma doença tropical neglicenciada denota a importância dos estudos sistêmicos em toxinologia. Dessa maneira, o conhecimento do proteoma estrutural e funcional dos venenos fornece importantes informações que podem servir de base para o aperfeiçoamento dos soros antiofídicos, um dos principais desafios dos países em desenvolvimento.
QSOX (quiescina/sulfidril oxidase): Função biológica?
Authors: Steclan Chelin Auswaldt , Nakao Lia Sumie
Published: December 2012

Os mecanismos moleculares que controlam as funções proteicas têm sido um campo de ampla pesquisa e novos conhecimentos. Sabe-se já que há mecanismos de controle pela oxirredução de aminoácidos específicos em sítios proteicos sensíveis a tal modificação. A inserção de ligações dissulfeto, inter e/ou intracadeia, está entre essas modificações que podem ser responsáveis pelo controle funcional de diversas proteínas, como a insulina. As reações oxirredutases são catalisadas, principalmente, por membros da família PDI. A QSOX, uma quiescina/sulfidril oxidase, realiza a inserção de pontes dissulfeto em proteínas maduras e nascentes, por meio da redução do oxigênio molecular a peróxido de hidrogênio. O papel biológico dessa enzima permanece obscuro, contudo a literatura propõe a atuação em ambientes intra e extracelular, participando,por exemplo, do dobramento de moléculas da matriz extracelular, e possivelmente ativando vias de sinalização responsáveis pela sobrevivência celular. Nosso grupo de pesquisa tem como intuito desvendar alguns possíveis substratos e mecanismos biológicos dessa proteína in vitro.
Zooplâncton
Authors: Perbiche-Neves Gilmar , Portinho Jorge Laço , Serafim Júnior Moacyr
Published: December 2012

Os estudos no Brasil tiveram início no fim de 1800, e muitos registros importantes surgiram de expedições realizadas na primeira metade do século XX. Desde 1970 os estudos aumentaram em virtude do surgimento de importantes centros de estudos principalmente nos Estados de São Paulo e Paraná, com a formação do Nupélia (Maringá). Parte do Paraná já foi estudada quanto aos reservatórios, grandes rios, planícies de inundação e estuários, porém faltam estudos, especialmente de cunho taxonômico em ambientes diferenciados, como montanhas, cavernas e dolinas. Os principais avanços da áreanos últimos 60 anos foram: novas tecnologias de microscopia e técnicas moleculares; acessos rodoviários que permitiram amostrar diferentes locais; expansão e delimitação da distribuição geográfica de muitas espécies, e facilidade na obtenção de artigos devido ao meio virtual. Por outro lado, a introdução de espécies exóticas é um grande problema para a diversidade do zooplâncton. As contribuições dos autores foram especialmente voltadas à ecologia, taxonomia e biogeografiado zooplâncton de rios, reservatórios e estuários. Há demanda de taxonomistas e sistematas para o zooplâncton, e atualmente o número de ecólogos é bastante superior. Neste ensaio sobre zooplâncton para o Brasil e com enfoque no Paraná, são abordados os seguintes temas: (i) histórico da área; (ii) os principais avanços nos últimos 60 anos, as contribuições dos autores; (iii) a relação entre o avanço da área e sua aplicabilidade sobre o desenvolvimento acadêmico, social e econômico;e (iv) perspectivas futuras de estudos na área.
Homogeneização biótica: Misturando organismos em um mundo pequeno e globalizado
Authors: Vitule Jean Ricardo Simões , Pozenato Letícia Pavani
Published: December 2012

Os seres humanos vêm mudando a distribuição das espécies ao redor do mundo. Os principais problemas são a introdução acidental ou deliberada das espécies não nativas por diferentes vetores, a extirpação das espécies e a modificação dos habitats. Recentemente, e cada vez mais, atenção tem sido dada a um fenômeno ambiental geral no qual elementos exclusivos são substituídos por elementos comuns, tanto em termos de organismos quanto em habitats. Esses fenômenos estão provocando grandes mudanças globais, resultando em problemas locais e globais. Especialmente, as introduções de espécies não nativas estão causando alterações que podem ser percebidas apenas na escala ampla temporal e espacial:homogeneização biótica. Um efeito humano capital é a substituição de organismos endêmicos e especialistas, por entidades biológicas comuns e generalistas, um novo fenômeno biológico, pelo menos em termos de magnitude, chamado de homogeneização biótica. Este ensaio visa apresentar uma breve revisão do assunto com comentários e ideias para serem exploradas em estudos futuros.
Visualization of Live Primary Cilia Dynamics Using Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Ott Carolyn , Lippincott‐Schwartz Jennifer
Published: December 2012

Methods useful for exploring the formation and functions of primary cilia in living cells are described here. First, multiple protocols for visualizing solitary cilia that extend away from the cell body are described. Primary cilia collect, synthesize, and transmit information about the extracellular space into the cell body to promote critical cellular responses. Problems with cilia formation or function can lead to dramatic changes in cell physiology. These methods can be used to assess cilia formation and length, the location of the cilium relative to other cellular structures, and localization of specific proteins to the cilium. The subsequent protocols describe how to quantify movement of fluorescent molecules within the cilium using kymographs, photobleaching, and photoconversion. The microtubules that form the structural scaffold of the cilium are also critical avenues for kinesin and dynein‐mediated movement of proteins within the cilium. Assessing intraflagellar dynamics can provide insight into mechanisms of ciliary‐mediated signal perception and transmission. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 57:4.26.1‐4.26.22. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Rab GTPases
Authors: Langemeyer Lars , Barr Francis A.
Published: December 2012

This unit describes methods to identify proteins interacting with, and regulating, Rab GTPases. Rabs form the largest subgroup of Ras superfamily GTPases, and act as molecular switches controlling the specificity of membrane trafficking. The regulation and the signal readout of Rabs are mediated by four groups of proteins, the GDP‐GTP exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), Rab chaperones, and effector proteins. Rabs are activated at the membrane surface by specific GEFs that promote the exchange of bound GDP to GTP. Effector proteins then bind to the activated Rab GTPase and mediate the cellular response at this membrane surface. Finally, a Rab‐specific GAP‐protein inactivates the GTPase by catalyzing the hydrolysis of bound GTP to GDP, thus terminating the cellular response. The methods described here are valuable for characterizing these different types of activity, and assigning which Rab they act on. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 57:15.18.1‐15.18.17. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synchronizing Protein Transport in the Secretory Pathway
Authors: Boncompain Gaelle , Perez Franck
Published: December 2012

To be secreted or transported to their target compartments, newly synthesized proteins leave the endoplasmic reticulum to reach the Golgi apparatus, where they are processed and sorted toward their final destinations along the secretory pathway. It is now clear that many Golgi‐intersecting and non‐intersecting pathways exist in cells to carry out proper transport, modification, and addressing. To analyze and visualize the intracellular trafficking of any secretory protein, we developed the retention using selective hooks (RUSH) system. This assay allows the simultaneous release of a pool of particular secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and the monitoring of their anterograde trafficking. The use of the RUSH system is detailed in these protocols, from sub‐cloning the sequence coding for the protein of interest into RUSH plasmids to visualization of its trafficking. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 57:15.19.1‐15.19.16. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Near‐Infrared Light‐Triggered Nanocarrier with Reversible DNA Valves for Intracellular Controlled Release
Authors: Li Na , Yu Zhengze , Pan Wei , Han Yaoyao , Zhang Tingting , Tang Bo
Published: December 2012

A near‐infrared (NIR) light‐triggered nanocarrier is developed for intracellular controlled release with good stability, high nuclease resistance, and good biocompatibility. The nanocarrier consists of a gold nanorod core and mesoporous silica shell, capped with reversible single‐stranded DNA valves, which are manipulated by switching between the laser on/off states. Upon laser irradiation, the valves of the nanocarrier open and the cargo molecules can be released from the mesopores. When the NIR laser is turned off, the valves close and the nanocarrier stops releasing the cargo molecules. The release amount of the cargo molecules can be controlled precisely by adjusting the irradiation time and the laser on‐off cycles. Confocal fluorescence imaging shows that the nanocarrier can be triggered by the laser irradiation and the controlled release can be accomplished in living cells. Moreover, the therapeutic effect toward cancer cells can also be regulated when the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin is loaded into the nanocarrier. This novel approach provides an ideal platform for drug delivery by a NIR light‐activated mechanism with precise control of area, time, and especially dosage.
3‐D numerical simulations on flow and mixing behaviors in gas–liquid–solid microchannels
Authors: Can Tang , Mingyan Liu , Yonggui Xu
Published: December 2012

Three‐dimensional (3‐D) gas‐liquid–solid flow and mixing behaviors in microchannels were simulated by coupled volume of fluid and discrete phase method and simulations were validated against observations. The detachment time and length of gas slug are shortened in liquid–solid flow, compared with those in liquid flow due to higher superficial viscosity of liquid–solid mixture, which will move the bubble formation toward the dripping regime. Solid particles mainly distribute in liquid slug and particle flow shows obvious periodicity. With the increase of contact angle of the inner wall, gas slug (0–50°), stratified (77–120°), and liquid drop (160°) flows are observed. The residence time distributions of solid and liquid phases are similar because particles behave as tracers. The backmixing of solid and liquid phases in liquid drop flow is the weakest among the three flow patterns, and the backmixing of gas phase in slug flow is weaker than that in both stratified and liquid drop flows. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of microreactors. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1934–1951, 2013
Exercise performance in thalassemia major: Correlation with cardiac iron burden
Authors: Sohn Eugene Y. , Kato Roberta , Noetzli Leila J. , Gera Aakanksha , Coates Thomas , Harmatz Paul , Keens Thomas G. , Wood John C.
Published: December 2012

Exercise performance is decreased in patients with Thalassemia major (TM), but the relative impact of anemia and iron overload on exercise capacity is unknown. We assessed the cardiopulmonary function of 71, well‐transfused TM patients via graded treadmill exercise stress test. All patients underwent MRI of the heart, pancreas, and liver and diagnostic phlebotomy. Patients ranged in age from 13 to 46 years of age. Fifteen patients were excluded from analysis due to submaximal effort. Mean Vo2max was 83.0% of predicted and was limited by abnormal cardiovascular mechanisms, consisting of a decreased O2 pulse (86.6% of predicted) in men and decreased maximum heart rate (HR) response (85% of predicted) in women. Patients with hemoglobin less than 12 g/dL had lower O2 pulse and Vo2max, regardless of sex. Cardiac iron was negatively associated with maximum HR response and Vo2max (r2 = 0.10 and 0.08, respectively, P < 0.05). Vo2max was correlated with cardiac R2*, hs‐CRP, sex and hemoglobin in decreasing strength of association. In thalassemia, exercise performance is limited by impaired stroke‐volume reserve in men and blunted HR response in women. Iron toxicity may be mediated through vascular inflammation and direct modulation of HR response to exercise. Am. J. Hematol. 88:193–197, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐Term Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Food Availability for Endangered Mountain Gorillas in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
Authors: GRUETER CYRIL C. , NDAMIYABO FERDINAND , PLUMPTRE ANDREW J. , ABAVANDIMWE DIDIER , MUNDRY ROGER , FAWCETT KATIE A. , ROBBINS MARTHA M.
Published: December 2012

Monitoring temporal and spatial changes in the resource availability of endangered species contributes to their conservation. The number of critically endangered mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in the Virunga Volcano population has doubled over the past three decades, but no studies have examined how food availability has changed during that period. First, we assessed if the plant species consumed by the gorillas have changed in abundance and distribution during the past two decades. In 2009–2010, we replicated a study conducted in 1988–1989 by measuring the frequency, density, and biomass of plant species consumed by the gorillas in 496 plots (ca. 6 km2) in the Karisoke study area in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. We expected to observe a decreased presence of major gorilla food plants as a likely result of density‐dependent overharvesting by gorillas. Among the five most frequently consumed species (composing approximately 70% of the gorilla's diet, excluding bamboo), two have decreased in availability and abundance, while three have increased. Some species have undergone shifts in their altitudinal distribution, possibly due to regional climatic changes. Second, we made baseline measurements of food availability in a larger area currently utilized by the gorillas. In the extended sampling (n = 473 plots) area (ca. 25 km2), of the five most frequently consumed species, two were not significantly different in frequency from the re‐sampled area, while two occurred significantly less frequently, and one occurred significantly more frequently. We discuss the potential impact of gorilla‐induced herbivory on changes of vegetation abundance. The changes in the species most commonly consumed by the gorillas could affect their nutrient intake and stresses the importance of monitoring the interrelation among plant population dynamics, species density, and resource use. Am. J. Primatol. 75:267‐280, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemie in Indien – Freisetzung des Potenzials
Authors: Arunan Elangannan , Brakaspathy Ramasamy , Desiraju Gautam R. , Sivaram Swaminathan
Published: December 2012

Verborgene Talente: Die Chemie in Indien nimmt derzeit den fünften Rang bei der Zahl der publizierten Veröffentlichungen ein. G. R. Desiraju et al. diskutieren den Zustand der indischen Chemie und die historischen, sozialen, kulturellen und ökonomischen Faktoren, die ihre Entwicklung beeinflussen. Die zentrale Frage lautet, was zu tun ist, um das riesige Potenzial des Landes auch in der Chemie freizusetzen.
Paul Crutzen über Ozonloch, Stickoxide und den Nobelpreis
Authors: Crutzen Paul , Lax Gregor , Reinhardt Carsten
Published: December 2012

Ein Interview mit dem Nobelpreisträger Prof. Paul Crutzen führten Gregor Lax und Carsten Reinhardt von der Universität Bielefeld zum Anlass des 100jährigen Bestehens des MPI für Chemie in Mainz. Paul Crutzen liefert einen hochinteressanten Abriss seiner wissenschaftlichen Laufbahn und der Entwicklung seines Fachgebiets, der Meteorologie.
Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization Reactions
Authors: Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , Zhang Wei , You Shu‐Li
Published: December 2012

This Review summarizes the development of catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reactions. The CADA reactions discussed herein include oxidative dearomatization reactions, dearomatization by Diels–Alder and related reactions, the alkylative dearomatization of electron‐rich arenes, transition‐metal‐catalyzed dearomatization reactions, cascade sequences involving asymmetric dearomatization as the key step, and nucleophilic dearomatization reactions of pyridinium derivatives. Asymmetric dearomatization reactions with chiral auxiliaries and catalytic asymmetric reactions of dearomatized substrates are also briefly introduced. This Review intends to provide a concept for catalytic asymmetric dearomatization.
How Thiostrepton Was Made in the Laboratory
Authors: Nicolaou K. C.
Published: December 2012

Thiostrepton, a powerful antibiotic belonging to the thiopeptide class, was synthesized in the laboratory for the first time in 2004 through an arduous campaign involving novel strategies and tactics, scenic detours, and unexpected roadblocks. In this Review the author narrates the long journey to success, not so dissimilar to Odysseus’ return voyage to Ithaca, full of adventure, knowledge, and wisdom.

Inspired by the writing form of Mahaffy,1 the author has taken liberties with the style in which this Review is written.
American Universities at Risk
Authors: Zare Richard N.
Published: December 2012

Learning to count the costs: What does a university education cost? Why does it cost this much? Who should pay? And what are the consequences if costs outstrip what students can afford? Richard Zare examines the US higher education system and finds a great past is no guarantee of a rosy future.
Chemistry in India: Unlocking the Potential
Authors: Arunan Elangannan , Brakaspathy Ramasamy , Desiraju Gautam R. , Sivaram Swaminathan
Published: December 2012

Hidden talents: Chemistry in India is currently ranked as fifth in terms of worldwide research output. G. R. Desiraju et al. discuss the current state of chemistry in India and the historic, social, cultural, and economic factors that influence its growth. They also address the issue of how to unlock the true potential of chemistry in India.
Paul Crutzen on the Ozone Hole, Nitrogen Oxides, and the Nobel Prize
Authors: Crutzen Paul , Lax Gregor , Reinhardt Carsten
Published: December 2012

An interview with the Nobel Laureate Professor Paul Crutzen was carried out by Gregor Lax and Carsten Reinhardt (both University of Bielefeld) as part of the centenary of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz. Paul Crutzen gives a fascinating insight into his scientific career and the development of his research area, meteorology.
Protein–DNA Arrays as Tools for Detection of Protein–Protein Interactions by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gogolin Lars , Schroeder Hendrik , Itzen Aymelt , Goody Roger S. , Niemeyer Christof M. , Becker Christian F. W.
Published: December 2012

Analysis of multiple protein–protein interactions using microarray technology remains challenging, and site‐specific immobilization of functional proteins is a key step in these approaches. Here we establish the efficient synthesis of protein–DNA conjugates for several members of a small family of GTPases. The family of Rab/Ypt GTPases is intimately involved in vesicular trafficking in yeast and serves as a model for the much larger group of analogous human proteins, the Rab protein family, with more than 60 members. The Ypt–DNA hybrid molecules described here are used for DNA‐directed immobilization on glass‐ and silica‐based microarrays. Methods for the detection of protein–DNA conjugates, as well as approaches for nucleotide exchange and distinguishing between GDP‐ and GTP‐bound Ypts on microarrays, are reported. The high specificity of different Rab/Ypt‐effector interactions, which also depends on the bound nucleotide, is shown by fluorescence readout of microarrays. Furthermore, initial experiments demonstrate that direct readout by mass spectrometry can be achieved with commercially available instruments. These developments will significantly contribute to the elucidation of complex transport networks in eukaryotic cells.