bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality Markerless Multi-Image Outdoor Tracking System for the Historical Buildings on Parliament Hill
Authors: Blanco-Pons Silvia , Carrión-Ruiz Berta , Duong Michelle , Chartrand Joshua , Fai Stephen , Lerma José Luis
Published: August 2019

Augmented Reality (AR) applications have experienced extraordinary growth recently, evolving into a well-established method for the dissemination and communication of content related to cultural heritage—including education. AR applications have been used in museums and gallery exhibitions and virtual reconstructions of historic interiors. However, the circumstances of an outdoor environment can be problematic. This paper presents a methodology to develop immersive AR applications based on the recognition of outdoor buildings. To demonstrate this methodology, a case study focused on the Parliament Buildings National Historic Site in Ottawa, Canada has been conducted. The site is currently undergoing a multiyear rehabilitation program that will make access to parts of this national monument inaccessible to the public. AR experiences, including simulated photo merging of historic and present content, are proposed as one tool that can enrich the Parliament Hill visit during the rehabilitation. Outdoor AR experiences are limited by factors, such as variable lighting (and shadows) conditions, caused by changes in the environment (objects height and orientation, obstructions, occlusions), the weather, and the time of day. This paper proposes a workflow to solve some of these issues from a multi-image tracking approach.
Donate Time or Money? The Determinants of Donation Intention in Online Crowdfunding
Authors: Chen Yuangao , Dai Ruyi , Yao Jianrong , Li Yixiao
Published: August 2019

Compared with traditional charities, donation-based crowdfunding has many novel characteristics. Among the variety of factors that influence potential donors before they develop a donation intention, which are the main ones influencing the intention to donate online? The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key potential determinants of both time and money donations. This study attempts to combine the theory of planned behavior and norm activation theory with social presence theory to conceptualize and develop an integration framework to measure the donation intention. The results of the structural equation modeling, based on 350 valid questionnaire responses received from November 19 to December 19, 2018, suggest that the dependent variable of time donations is significantly affected by social presence, trust, and perceived behavioral control. As for the dependent variable of money donations, only subjective norm has an insignificant effect. The study results offer practical guidelines about the unique aspects of donation to managers of crowdfunding platform and fundraisers.
What is the Development Capacity for Provision of Ecosystem Services in the Czech Republic?
Authors: Pechanec Vilém , Kilianová Helena , Tangwa Elwis , Vondráková Alena , Machar Ivo
Published: August 2019

The aim of our study is to identify the evolution of land use and the landscape capacity to provide selected ecosystem services (ESs) over the past 28 years. The results obtained should answer whether the recorded land cover development has manifested in the same way as the development of landscape capacity to provide ESs for four different services. Corine Land Cover (CLC) data are used to describe the land cover for five time periods (1990, 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018) for the area of interest—the whole of the Czech Republic Identification of persistence area. The main trajectories of land cover developments are calculated using overlay spatial operations in GIS. For each analyzed year of landscape development, land cover is evaluated separately, and basic quantification indicators are calculated. At the same time, the filling capacity of selected ESs is evaluated. The results show that the assessed area had the highest capacity to provide ecological integrity in 1990–2006, and then this slightly decreased due to category changes. From a spatial point of view, the worst development trend is seen for provisioning services, where negative development is represented almost all over the country. Ecological integrity and regulating services have similar spatial characteristics of development.
Environmental vs. Social Responsibility in the Firm. Evidence from Italy
Authors: Ferri Giovanni , Pini Marco
Published: August 2019

Sustainable behavior should necessarily benefit both the environment and society. However, we cannot take for granted that socially responsible firms are also environmentally responsible—e.g., a firm might benefit its stakeholders while degrading the environment—and the reverse applies too—e.g., an environmentally responsible firm might disrespect its employees. Consequently, our purpose is checking whether social responsibility and green investments—proxying for a firm’s environmental responsibility—are complements, substitutes, or unrelated choices. Using a representative sample of Italian manufacturing firms, our econometric estimates uncover the empirical relationship between social responsibility and green investments at firm level. We find evidence of complementarity, since socially responsible firms: (i) Are systematically more likely to make green investments; (ii) identify green investments as a voluntary choice promoting business competitiveness much more than other firms. Finding complementarity between social and environmental responsibility has important implications. Policies favoring the transition to sustainable development should adopt a systemic approach considering the positive spillovers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on environmental responsibility. Our evidence also suggests that firms indeed tend to behave in ways consistent with the holistic approach of the 2030 UN Agenda for sustainable development. Additional research should study how governance affects the CSR–environmental responsibility nexus.
Around the Model of Infection Disease: The Cauchy Matrix and Its Properties
Authors: Domoshnitsky Alexander , Volinsky Irina , Bershadsky Marina
Published: August 2019

In this paper the model of infection diseases by Marchuk is considered. Mathematical questions which are important in its study are discussed. Among them there are stability of stationary points, construction of the Cauchy matrices of linearized models, estimates of solutions. The novelty we propose is in a distributed feedback control which affects the antibody concentration. We use this control in the form of an integral term and come to the analysis of nonlinear integro-differential systems. New methods for the study of stability of linearized integro–differential systems describing the model of infection diseases are proposed. Explicit conditions of the exponential stability of the stationary points characterizing the state of the healthy body are obtained. The method of the paper is based on the symmetry properties of the Cauchy matrices which allow us their construction.
A Variant of Chebyshev’s Method with 3αth-Order of Convergence by Using Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Cordero Alicia , Girona Ivan , Torregrosa Juan R.
Published: August 2019

In this manuscript, we propose several iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations whose common origin is the classical Chebyshev’s method, using fractional derivatives in their iterative expressions. Due to the symmetric duality of left and right derivatives, we work with right-hand side Caputo and Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives. To increase as much as possible the order of convergence of the iterative scheme, some improvements are made, resulting in one of them being of 3 α -th order. Some numerical examples are provided, along with an study of the dependence on initial estimations on several test problems. This results in a robust performance for values of α close to one and almost any initial estimation.
Determinants of the Performance of Bat Gantries Installed to Carry Bat Commuting Routes over the S3 Expressway in Poland
Authors: Sołowczuk Alicja
Published: August 2019

In road construction, environmental protection issues often become a challenge, both in the case of new routes and the existing network expansion projects. A number of specific issues are involved in severing of bat commuting routes and the relevant mitigation measures are still in the experimental stage. One of the measures are bat gantries installed on the established bat flyways aligned with the linear features of the landscape used by bats for echolocation calls, which is an example of the structures installed near Szczecin in Poland. The bat activity surveys revealed different levels of acceptance of the respective structures. The available studies identify the following factors as being relevant to relocated or modified commuting routes: road traffic volume, traffic noise, and light pollution. The article discusses which factors are the most likely to have a significant bearing on accepting specific structures by bats. The analyses show that a gantry structure can turn out to be acceptable to bats even on a completely new route if the landscape features are symmetrical and friendly to bats on both sides of the road and on both sides of their flyway as well. Conversely, without such a symmetry along the approach section, the structure may fail to perform.
Biological Control of Citrus Postharvest Phytopathogens
Authors: Moraes Bazioli Jaqueline , Belinato João Raul , Costa Jonas Henrique , Akiyama Daniel Yuri , Pontes João Guilherme de Moraes , Kupper Katia Cristina , Augusto Fabio , de Carvalho João Ernesto , Fill Taícia Pacheco
Published: August 2019

Citrus are vulnerable to the postharvest decay caused by Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, which are responsible for the green mold, blue mold, and sour rot post-harvest disease, respectively. The widespread economic losses in citriculture caused by these phytopathogens are minimized with the use of synthetic fungicides such as imazalil, thiabendazole, pyrimethanil, and fludioxonil, which are mainly employed as control agents and may have harmful effects on human health and environment. To date, numerous non-chemical postharvest treatments have been investigated for the control of these pathogens. Several studies demonstrated that biological control using microbial antagonists and natural products can be effective in controlling postharvest diseases in citrus, as well as the most used commercial fungicides. Therefore, microbial agents represent a considerably safer and low toxicity alternative to synthetic fungicides. In the present review, these biological control strategies as alternative to the chemical fungicides are summarized here and new challenges regarding the development of shelf-stable formulated biocontrol products are also discussed.
Investigation of Zearalenone Adsorption and Biotransformation by Microorganisms Cultured under Cellular Stress Conditions
Authors: Rogowska Agnieszka , Pomastowski Paweł , Walczak Justyna , Railean-Plugaru Viorica , Rudnicka Joanna , Buszewski Bogusław
Published: August 2019

The zearalenone binding and metabolization ability of probiotic microorganisms, such as lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactococcus lactis, and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, isolated from food products, were examined. Moreover, the influence of cellular stress (induced by silver nanoparticles) and lyophilization on the effectiveness of tested microorganisms was also investigated. The concentration of zearalenone after a certain time of incubation with microorganisms was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The maximum sorption effectiveness for L. paracasei, L. lactis, and S. cerevisiae cultured in non-stress conditions was 53.3, 41.0, and 36.5%, respectively. At the same time for the same microorganisms cultured at cellular stress conditions, the maximum sorption effectiveness was improved to 55.3, 47.4, and 57.0%, respectively. Also, the effect of culture conditions on the morphology of the cells and its metabolism was examined using microscopic technique and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, respectively.
Hepatitis E Virus Replication
Authors: LeDesma Robert , Nimgaonkar Ila , Ploss Alexander
Published: August 2019

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a small quasi-enveloped, (+)-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Hepeviridae family. There are at least 20 million HEV infections annually and 60,000 HEV-related deaths worldwide. HEV can cause up to 30% mortality in pregnant women and progress to liver cirrhosis in immunocompromised individuals and is, therefore, a greatly underestimated public health concern. Although a prophylactic vaccine for HEV has been developed, it is only licensed in China, and there is currently no effective, non-teratogenic treatment. HEV encodes three open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 is the largest viral gene product, encoding the replicative machinery of the virus including a methyltransferase, RNA helicase, and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. ORF1 additionally contains a number of poorly understood domains including a hypervariable region, a putative protease, and the so-called ‘X’ and ‘Y’ domains. ORF2 is the viral capsid essential for formation of infectious particles and ORF3 is a small protein essential for viral release. In this review, we focus on the domains encoded by ORF1, which collectively mediate the virus’ asymmetric genome replication strategy. We summarize what is known, unknown, and hotly debated regarding the coding and non-coding regions of HEV ORF1, and present a model of how HEV replicates its genome.
Prevalence, Geographic Distribution, Risk Factors and Co-Infections of Feline Gammaherpesvirus Infections in Domestic Cats in Switzerland
Authors: Novacco Marilisa , Ranjbar Kohan Neda , Stirn Martina , Meli Marina L. , Díaz-Sánchez Adrian Alberto , Boretti Felicitas S. , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina
Published: August 2019

Recently, a gammaherpesvirus was described in domestic cats (FcaGHV1). The goal of the present study was to investigate the presence of FcaGHV1 in Swiss domestic cats and analyze potential risk factors. Blood samples from 881 cats presented to veterinarians in all Swiss cantons and from 91 stray cats and neoplastic tissue samples from 17 cats with lymphoma were evaluated. FcaGHV1 was detected by real-time PCR targeting the glycoprotein B gene, followed by sequencing. Blood samples were also tested for feline hemoplasmas, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The molecular prevalence of FcaGHV1 was 6.0% (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.5–7.8%) in cats presented to veterinarians and 5.5% (95% CI, 1.8–12.4%) in stray cats. FcaGHV1 PCR-positive cats originated from 19/26 Swiss cantons. Factors significantly associated with FcaGHV1 detection included male sex, age >3 years, nonpedigree status and co-infection with FIV and hemoplasmas. Moreover, FeLV viremia tended to be associated with FcaGHV1 detection. High FcaGHV1 blood loads were found more frequently in FeLV-viremic cats and less frequently in hemoplasma-infected cats than in uninfected cats. Clinical information was unavailable for most of the 881 cats, but leukemia, carcinoma and cardiomyopathy were reported in FcaGHV1-positive cats. None of the tissue samples from the 17 cats with lymphoma tested positive for FcaGHV1. Sequence analyses revealed homogeneity among the Swiss isolates and >99.7% identity to published FcaGHV1 sequences. In conclusion, FcaGHV1 is present in Switzerland with a similar prevalence in cats presented to veterinarians and in stray cats. The pathogenic potential of FcaGHV1 needs further evaluation.
Inhibition of L. monocytogenes Biofilm Formation by the Amidase Domain of the Phage vB_LmoS_293 Endolysin
Authors: Pennone Vincenzo , Sanz-Gaitero Marta , O’Connor Paula , Coffey Aidan , Jordan Kieran , van Raaij Mark J. , McAuliffe Olivia
Published: August 2019

Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterium that is a major concern for food business operators because of its pathogenicity and ability to form biofilms in food production environments. Bacteriophages (phages) have been evaluated as biocontrol agents for L. monocytogenes in a number of studies and, indeed, certain phages have been approved for use as anti-listerial agents in food processing environments (ListShield and PhageGuard Listex). Endolysins are proteins produced by phages in the host cell. They cleave the peptidoglycan cell wall, thus allowing release of progeny phage into the environment. In this study, the amidase domain of the phage vB_LmoS_293 endolysin (293-amidase) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia. coli (E. coli). Muralytic activity at different concentrations, pH and temperature values, lytic spectrum and activity against biofilms was determined for the purified 293-amidase protein. The results showed activity on autoclaved cells at three different temperatures (20 °C, 37 °C and 50 °C), with a wider specificity (L. monocytogenes 473 and 3099, a serotype 4b and serogroup 1/2b-3b-7, respectively) compared to the phage itself, which targets only L. monocytogenes serotypes 4b and 4e. The protein also inhibits biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. These results show the potential of using recombinant antimicrobial proteins against pathogens in the food production environment.
A Combination of Real-Time PCR and High-Resolution Melting Analysis to Detect and Identify CpGV Genotypes Involved in Type I Resistance
Authors: Hinsberger Aurélie , Theulier Saint Germain Stéphane , Guerrero Patrice , Blachère-López Christine , López-Ferber Miguel , Bayle Sandrine
Published: August 2019

Cydia pomonella granulovirus, in particular CpGV-M isolate, is used as a biological control against the codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella. As a result of intensive control over the years, codling moth populations have developed resistance against this isolate. This resistance is now called type I resistance. Isolates, among them, CpGV-R5, have been found that are able to overcome type I resistance. Both CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 are used in orchards to control the codling moth. High resolution melting (HRM) has been adapted to differentiate between CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 isolates. Specific PCR primers have been designed for the CpGV p38 gene, encompassing the variable region responsible for the ability to overcome resistance. Because each amplicon has a specific melting point, it is possible to identify the CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 genotypes and to quantify their relative proportion. This method has been validated using mixtures of occlusion bodies of each isolate at various proportions. Then, the HRM has been used to estimate the proportion of each genotype in infected larvae or in occlusion bodies (OBs) extracted from dead larvae. This method allows a rapid detection of genotype replication and enables the assessment of either success or failure of the infection in field conditions.
Forced Degradation Studies to Identify Critical Process Parameters for the Purification of Infectious Measles Virus
Authors: Loewe Daniel , Häussler Julian , Grein Tanja A. , Dieken Hauke , Weidner Tobias , Salzig Denise , Czermak Peter
Published: August 2019

Oncolytic measles virus (MV) is a promising treatment for cancer but titers of up to 1011 infectious particles per dose are needed for therapeutic efficacy, which requires an efficient, robust, and scalable production process. MV is highly sensitive to process conditions, and a substantial fraction of the virus is lost during current purification processes. We therefore conducted forced degradation studies under thermal, pH, chemical, and mechanical stress to determine critical process parameters. We found that MV remained stable following up to five freeze–thaw cycles, but was inactivated during short-term incubation (< 2 h) at temperatures exceeding 35 °C. The infectivity of MV declined at pH < 7, but was not influenced by different buffer systems or the ionic strength/osmolality, except high concentrations of CaCl2 and MgSO4. We observed low shear sensitivity (dependent on the flow rate) caused by the use of a peristaltic pump. For tangential flow filtration, the highest recovery of MV was at a shear rate of ~5700 s−1. Our results confirm that the application of forced degradation studies is important to identify critical process parameters for MV purification. This will be helpful during the early stages of process development, ensuring the recovery of high titers of active MV particles after purification.
Genetic Diversity of Sapoviruses among Inpatients in Germany, 2008−2018
Authors: Mann Pia , Pietsch Corinna , Liebert Uwe G.
Published: August 2019

Sapovirus enteric disease affects people of all ages across the globe, in both sporadic cases and outbreak settings. Sapovirus is seldom assessed in Germany and its epidemiology in the country is essentially unknown. Thus, sapovirus occurrence and genetic diversity were studied by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and partial sequencing of major viral structural protein (VP1) gene in two different sets of stool samples: (1) a selection of 342 diarrheal stools collected from inpatient children during 2008−2009, and (2) 5555 stool samples collected during 2010–2018 from inpatients of all age groups with gastrointestinal complaints. Results showed year-round circulation of sapoviruses, with peaks during cooler months. In total, 30 samples (8.8%) of the first and 112 samples of the second set of samples (2.0%) were sapovirus positive. Capsid gene sequencing was successful in 134/142 samples (94.4%) and showed circulation of all known human pathogenic genogroups. Genotype GI.1 predominated (31.8%), followed by GII.1 (16.7%), GII.3 (14.5%), GI.2 (13.8%) and GV.1 (12.3%). Additionally, minor circulation of GI.3, GI.6, GII.2, GII.4, GII.6 and GIV.1 was shown. Consequently, sapovirus diagnostics need broadly reactive RT-PCR protocols and should particularly be considered in infants and young children. Further studies from other sampling sites are essential to extend our knowledge on sapovirus epidemiology in Germany.
Basal Level p53 Suppresses Antiviral Immunity Against Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus
Authors: Zhang Tianliang , Chen Haotai , Liu Xinsheng , Qi Linlin , Gao Xin , Wang Kailing , Yao Kaishen , Zhang Jie , Sun Yuefeng , Zhang Yongguang , Wu Run
Published: August 2019

Tumor suppressor protein p53 (p53) is a master transcription factor that plays key roles in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and metabolism, as well as regulation of innate immunity during virus infection. In order to facilitate their replication and spreading, viruses have evolved to manipulate p53 function through different strategies, with some requiring active p53 while others demand reduction/inhibition of p53 activity. However, there are no clear-cut reports about the roles of p53 during the infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), the causative agent of a highly contagious foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) of cloven-hoofed animals. Here we showed that p53 level was dynamically regulated during FMDV infection, being degraded at the early infection stage but recovered to the basal level at the late stage. Cells depleted of p53 showed inhibited FMDV replication and enhanced expression of the immune-related genes, whereas overexpression of p53 didn’t affect the viral replication. Viral challenge assay with p53 knockout mice obtained similar results, with viral load decreased, histopathological changes alleviated, and lifespan extended in the p53 knockout mice. Together, these data demonstrate that basal level p53 is required for efficient FMDV replication by suppressing the innate immunity.
MiR-125b Suppression Inhibits Apoptosis and Negatively Regulates Sema4D in Avian Leukosis Virus-Transformed Cells
Authors: Ren Chaoqi , Xie Ruyu , Yao Yongxiu , Yu Mengmeng , Chang Fangfang , Xing Lixiao , Zhang Yao , Liu Yongzhen , Wang Suyan , Farooque Muhammad , Wang Yongqiang , Qi Xiaole , Liu Changjun , Zhang Yanping , Cui Hongyu , Li Kai , Gao Li , Pan Qing , Nair Venugopal , Wang Xiaomei , Gao Yulong
Published: August 2019

Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), an oncogenic retrovirus, causes hemangiomas and myeloid tumors in chickens. We previously showed that miR-125b is down-regulated in ALV-J-induced tumors. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of miR-125b in ALV-J-mediated infection and tumorigenesis. Knockdown of miR-125b expression in HP45 cells reduced, whereas over-expression induced late-stage apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase activity assays indicate that miR-125b targets Semaphorin 4D/CD100 (Sema4D) by binding the 3′-untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNA). Up-regulation of miR-125b in the DF1 cell line suppressed Sema4D expression, whereas miR-125 down-regulation increased Sema4D expression levels. To uncover the function of Sema4D during ALV-J infection, animal infection experiments and in vitro assays were performed and show that Sema4D mRNA levels were up-regulated in ALV-J-infected tissues and cells. Finally, functional experiments show that miR-125 down-regulation and Sema4D over-expression inhibited apoptosis in HP45 cells. These results suggest that miR-125b and its target Sema4D might play an important role in the aggressive growth of HP45 cells induced by avian leukosis viruses (ALVs). These findings improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism of ALV-J infection and tumorigenesis.
V2-Specific Antibodies in HIV-1 Vaccine Research and Natural Infection: Controllers or Surrogate Markers
Authors: Duerr Ralf , Gorny Miroslaw K.
Published: August 2019

Most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine trials have lacked efficacy and empirical vaccine lead targets are scarce. Thus far, the only independent correlate of reduced risk of HIV-1 acquisition in humans is elevated levels of V2-specific antibodies identified in the modestly protective RV144 vaccine trial. Ten years after RV144, human and non-human primate vaccine studies have reassessed the potential contribution of V2-specific antibodies to vaccine efficacy. In addition, studies of natural HIV-1 infection in humans have provided insight into the development of V1V2-directed antibody responses and their impact on clinical parameters and disease progression. Functionally diverse anti-V2 monoclonal antibodies were isolated and their structurally distinct V2 epitope regions characterized. After RV144, a plethora of research studies were performed using different model systems, immunogens, protocols, and challenge viruses. These diverse studies failed to provide a clear picture regarding the contribution of V2 antibodies to vaccine efficacy. Here, we summarize the biological functions and clinical findings associated with V2-specific antibodies and discuss their impact on HIV vaccine research.
Estimation of Base Flow by Optimal Hydrograph Separation for the Conterminous United States and Implications for National-Extent Hydrologic Models
Authors: Foks Sydney S. , Raffensperger Jeff P. , Penn Colin A. , Driscoll Jessica M.
Published: August 2019

Optimal hydrograph separation (OHS) uses a two-parameter recursive digital filter that applies specific conductance mass-balance constraints to estimate the base flow contribution to total streamflow at stream gages where discharge and specific conductance are measured. OHS was applied to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gages across the conterminous United States to examine the range/distribution of base flow inputs and the utility of this method to build a hydrologic model calibration dataset. OHS models with acceptable goodness-of-fit criteria were insensitive to drainage area, stream density, watershed slope, elevation, agricultural or perennial snow/ice land cover, average annual precipitation, runoff, or evapotranspiration, implying that OHS results are a viable calibration dataset applicable in diverse watersheds. OHS-estimated base flow contribution was compared to base flow-like model components from the USGS National Hydrologic Model Infrastructure run with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (NHM-PRMS). The NHM-PRMS variable gwres_flow is most conceptually like a base flow component of streamflow but the gwres_flow contribution to total streamflow is generally smaller than the OHS-estimated base flow contribution. The NHM-PRMS variable slow_flow, added to gwres_flow, produced similar or greater estimates of base flow contributions to total streamflow than the OHS-estimated base flow contribution but was dependent on the total flow magnitude.
Rapid identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from various samples with biosensor and genotyping
Authors: SAVAŞ Sümeyra
Published: August 2019

The most important cause of Klebsiella spp. contamination of drinking water is the leakage of animal faeces into drinking water sources. Recently, the biosensor technology has quickly begun to replace other methods with its faster finding and reliability. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the biosensor technology in the rapid detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and to determine the presence of the relationship between K. pneumoniae isolates isolated from the drinking water thought to be contaminated by animal faeces and the clinical isolates. For this purpose, portable, microfluidic electrochemical sensor device version 2 (V2) was used for the detection of K. pneumoniae and results were confirmed with VITEK MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (VITEK MS) automated system. For the molecular typing of K. pneumoniae isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) methods were employed and the results were compared. For these bacteria, the most appropriate typing method was tried to be determined comparatively. PFGE analysis indicated the presence of six different strains, while MLVA divided them into 23 clusters. Clonal relationships were viewed between environmental and clinical isolates. The main goal of this paper is to present, the detailed report of the comparison of the samples isolated from drinking water, animal and human faeces for K. pneumoniae. To accomplish of this goal we introduced that MLVA and PFGE methods. Also, gold nanoparticies enhanced electrochemical biosensor device is used for the determination of K. pneumoniae for the first time.
ANALISIS SUMBER DAN PENGGUNAAN KAS PADA PT. SEPATU BATA Tbk YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2014 - 2018
Authors: Corrina Fatti , Gustika Gita Sari
Published: August 2019

Sumber dan penggunaan kas merupakan laporan perubahan yang menggambarkan perubahan kas pada satu periode dan memberikan alasan mengenai perubahan kas tersebut dengan menunjukkan darimana sumber kas dan penggunaannya. Terlihat pada PT. Sepatu Bata Tbk adanya fluktuasi yang terjadi pada kas dan tidak sesuai dengan teori yang ada, analisis ini dilakukan pada periode 2014-2018. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang kebijakan penggunaan kas yang dijalankan oleh  perusahaan ini. Dari hasil penelitian ini, laporan Sumber dan Penggunaan kas atas perbandingan tahun 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 dan 2018 dapat diketahui bahwa sumber-sumber kas berasal dari berkurangnya piutang usaha sebesar Rp2.087.174, berkurangnya pajak pertambahan nilai bayar di muka sebesar Rp 6.802.734, berkurangnya biaya di bayar dimuka Rp1.702.920, Berkurangnya pajak penghasilan dan dibayar dimuka Rp 25.443.937, berkurangnya aktiva lancar lainnya Rp1.307.532, berkurangnya asset tetap Rp12.519.575, bertambahnya pinjaman Rp33.500.000, berkurangnya hutang  Rp 73.186.690, berkurangnya liabilitas imbalan jangka pendek Rp4.584.451 dan pendapatan komprehensif lainnya Rp623.834. Dari keseluruhan sumber kas, komponen yang memberikan kontribusi yang terbesar yaitu dari berkurangnya hutang yaitu sebesar Rp73.186.690. Penggunaan Dana atas perbandingan tahun 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, dan 2018 dapat diketahui dari berkurangnya kas Rp28.331.174, bertambahnya persediaan barang Rp 32.063.565, bertambahnya piutang non usaha Rp915.463, Bertambahnya uang jaminan sewa Rp2.488.469, bertambahnya beban aktual Rp5.295.835, bertambahnya liabilitas jangka panjang Rp4.302.710 dan saldo laba Rp 83.168.444 ternyata kas perusahaan belum optimal, karena Jumlah kas pada perusahaan berfluktuasi dalam kegiatan oprasionalnya yang terjadi tiap tahunnya,  yang terlihat dalam analisis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini perriode 2014-2018.
PROSES PUBLIC RELATIONS DALAM KEGIATAN LAYANAN KENDARAAN KONSELING SILIH ASIH JUARA (KEKASIH JUARA) OLEH SEKSI PROMOSI DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DINAS KESEHATAN KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Nugraha Aat Ruchiat , Aryani Desya Putri
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini berjudul “Proses Public Relations dalam Kegiatan Layanan Kendaraan Konseling Silih Asih Juara (KEKASIH JUARA) oleh Seksi Promosi dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung”. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses Public Relations dalam pengelolaan Kegiatan Layanan Kendaraan Konseling Silih Asih Juara (KEKASIH JUARA) oleh Seksi Promosi dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa Kegiatan Layanan Kendaraan Konseling Silih Asih Juara (KEKASIH JUARA) tahapan proses Public Relations, yaitu pengumpulan fakta yang dilakukan dengan wawancara langsung dengan pegawai dan diskusi forum. Perencanaan yang dimulai dari menentukan tujuan sampai menentukan anggaran. Pelaksanaan meliputi persiapan kegiatan dan mengontrol berjalannya kegiatan sesuai jadwal acara yang dibuat dan evaluasi mengenai dampak dan hasil yang dirasakan setelah kegiatan, didapatkan dari hasil wawancara peserta dan rekapitulasi data pertiga bulan. Simpulan yang dapat diambil adalah Seksi Promosi sudah menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya dengan baik, terbukti dengan lancarnya kegiatan dari pengumpulan fakta hingga evaluasi. Saran dari penulis adalah sebaiknya Seksi Promosi beserta panitia lain meningkatkan koordinasi pengkomunikasian informasi kegiatan agar warga Kota Bandung khususnya dapat lebih mengetahui kegiatan layanan konseling ini.
ОСВІТНІЙ ПРОЦЕС У ВИПРАВНО-ТРУДОВІЙ СИСТЕМІ УСРР У 1923 РОЦІ
Authors: Ісаков П.
Published: August 2019

Висвітлено освітню роботу з ув’язненими і засудженими до позбавлення волі УСРР у 1923 р. на основі аналізу архівних та тогочасних нормативно-правових документів. Наведено раніше не відомі важливі факти з досліджуваного питання.
ПРО ЗМІСТ ОБОВ’ЯЗКІВ ЗАСУДЖЕНИХ ДО ПОКАРАННЯ У ВИДІ ПОЗБАВЛЕННЯ ПРАВА ОБІЙМАТИ ПЕВНІ ПОСАДИ АБО ЗАЙМАТИСЯ ПЕВНОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ У БАНКІВСЬКІЙ СФЕРІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Колб Р.
Published: August 2019

У статті з’ясовано сутність і зміст обов’язків засуджених до покарання у виді позбавлення права обіймати певні посади або займатися певною діяльністю в банківській сфері України, а також визначено проблемні питання у цьому контексті та запропоновано науково обґрунтовані шляхи їх вирішення
Optimization of β-carotene solubility in pressurized hot water using a dynamic method and factorial methodology
Authors: Ebrahimi N. , Haghighi Asl A. , Mottahedin P.
Published: August 2019

In this experimental investigation, the solubility of β-carotene in pressurized hot water was measured at temperatures in the range of (70-130) °C and the pressure of 20 bar by using a dynamic method. The influence of different variables, including temperature and flow rate in the range of (0.15-0.64) ml/min, on the solubility of β-carotene was investigated. Furthermore, the optimization of these parameters was done through the experimental design by using factorial methodology. The results of the experiments showed that the temperature was the main parameter affecting the solubility of β-carotene in pressurized hot water. The best conditions for solubility of β-carotene in pressurized hot water were the temperature of 85 °C and a flow rate of 0.64 ml/min. β-carotene’s solubility data in pressurized hot water were correlated with the dielectric constant values of the solvent mixture.
Spectrophotometric determination of significant minerals in milk samples found in Lahore (Pakistan) for ensuring food safety
Authors: Rehman R. , Tanveer T.
Published: August 2019

This work was carried out for determination of essential and toxic metals ions in different milk powder samples commonly found in Lahore (Pakistan). Samples were collected from local markets and after dry ashing, they were dissolved in 2M nitric acid for complete mineralization. Then the concentration of metal ions was determined by flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration levels of cadmium, lead and nickel were found to be below detection limits in all samples, whereas the maximum values of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc were 48.55, 0.96, 4.94 mg/g, and 768, 4.12 and 3.02 μg/g respectively. Minimum amounts of these metal ions were: 3.69, 0.07, 0.85 mg/g and 214, 0.21, 1.02 μg/g, respectively. The amounts of all metal ions were found to be within safe limits as recommended by WHO.
The influence of pigment proportions and calendering of coated paperboards on dot gain
Authors: Sönmez S. , Özden Ö.
Published: August 2019

Dot gain is called Tone Value Increase (TVI). Low dot gain and rounder dot shape are important properties to obtain a good print. Dot gain is a measure of how much extra weight a given percent dot or tone has gained on the final printed substrate by comparison to the actual dot area on a press plate. Dot gain value depends on many factors. The interactions of paper, ink and press conditions are important determinates for a good print. In addition, the pigment coating process and calendering conditions have a significant effect on the printability of paperboards. Pigment coating formulations including mineral pigments, binders and additives improve the gloss, brightness, opacity and smoothness of the paperboards. As a result, print quality of paperboards increase. A uniform paperboard surface is needed to obtain a high quality surface smoothness after the coating process. High surface smoothness improves the uniformity of the dot shape and size. Pigment coating formulation parameters; pigment selection, binder selection and binder level influence print quality. The aims of this study - pigment selection and ratio - are to determine the effect on dot gain in lithography printing. To this aim, base paperboards were coated using five pigment coating formulations which included different combinations of kaolin, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide pigment with a styrene\n-butyl acrylate copolymer binder using a bar application. After coating, the samples were air-dried overnight under TAPPI conditions. Then, half of the coated-paperboards were calendered. Tone scales from 1 to 100 % were offset printed using black ink on the uncalendered and calenderedcoated paperboards. Then, from the printed tone scale, the tone area values were measured with the Gretagmacbeth Spectrolino spectrophotometer. These values showed that pigment coating improved the surface optical and physical properties of paperboards. After calendering, the roughness values of coated paperboards decreased. In addition, the obtained dot and line sharpness on calendered-coated paperboards were better than on uncalenderedcoated paperboards. However, the dot gain values of calendered-coated paperboards had fewer dot gains than uncalendered-coated paperboards. It was established that the variation of pigment proportions in the coating formulations had no significant effect on dot gain.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Management: The Moderating
Role of Family Ownership
Authors: Saeed Asif , Hashmi Aijaz Mustafa , Javid Attiya Yasmin
Published: August 2019

This study aims to explore the impact of family ownership on the relationship among corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earning management (EM) in Pakistan. Data is collected from nonfinancial listed firms on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE) for the period 2009-2017. Our results of pooled ordinary least square regression indicate that CSR has significant negative impact on EM. Furthermore, results also indicate that association between CSR and EM is moderated by family ownership. Family firms which perform CSR activities are less involved in EM as compare to nonfamily firms perform CSR activities. This variation in behavior of EM in family and non-family firms can possibly be explained by socioemotional wealth theory.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Earnings Management, Family Ownership
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA HILL CLIMBING PADA PENENTUAN JARAK TERPENDEK KOTA WISATA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fitriati Desti , Nessrayasa Nura Meutia
Published: August 2019

Searching and determining the shortest route is a complex problem, looking for the shortest route from a number of attractions and the distance between attractions. With varying access paths, the shortest route search becomes the right choice using a website-based app that provides the closest route on a map using the SAHC (Steepest Ascent Hill Climbing) algorithm. Steepest Ascent Hill Climbing is a method of an algorithm that is widely used for optimization problems. One application is to find the shortest route by maximizing or minimizing the value of the existing optimization function. In research ii study using 34 provinces in Indonesia and every province, there are 5 most popular tour, accuracy value obtained in research determination of the shortest distance of tourist city in Indonesia is 93,3%.
THE IMPACT OF PREFORMANCE EVALUATION PROCESS ON HEALTHCARE EMPLOYEES AS A FACTOR FOR MOTIVATION AND QUALITY OF THEIR WORK
Authors: Georgievska-Cvetanovska Mila , Trpeski Predrag
Published: August 2019

The performance evaluation process is used to conduct an objective assessment of the performance and the effectiveness of the employees, the compliance with the organizational values and hierarchy and the achevement of the standards of the organization. The employee performance evaluation is an exceptionally important segment in healthcare organizations. The managers (directors) of the healthcare organizations have to recognize the employees that efficiently complete their tasks, detect the need and the type of training necessary to improve their performance and adequately reward the most prominent employees. Taking into account the relevance of the topic, the subject of research in this papers is precisely the analysis of the performance appraisal of the employees, as a process that should help obtaining a clear picture of how successfully the tasks of a given position are performed and how much they contribute to achieving the strategic goals of the organization. Hence arisesthe problem of this research, which is the absence of a quality system for evaluation and assessment of the performance of the healthcare workers. Two research goals have been pursued, both scientific and practical. The scientific goal of the research is to provide quality performance evaluation of the healthcare workers, which leads to faster development of the organization and sustainable efficiency of the market, whereas the practical goal of the research is to utilize the obtained results in the creation of an efficient system for evaluating the performance of the healthcare workers who will integrate the quality work standards, thereby improving the motivation and the quality of work. The relevance of the topic will be explored and proven by defining a hypothesis that reads: If a health care organization adopts a quality system for evaluating the work of its healthcare workers, then the healthcare employees will strengthen their skills which will lead to increased motivation and work quality. To prove the hypothesis, an empirical research was conducted using a standardized instrument, i.e. a questionnaire containing 10 statements and a Likert scale: strongly agree, partly agree and disagree. The questionnaires contained closed-ended questions whereby the respondents could choose one of the answers offered. The survey was conducted in 2 private healthcare organizations in December 2017. The representative sample includes 73 doctors and 27 nurses/orderlies. In the process of analyzing the findings of the research, a deductive method, comparison method and a method of objectivity and relevance were applied. In the conclusion of the papers, on the basis of the obtained results, guidelines will be proposed for improvement and implementation of a quality performance evaluation system in the private and public health care.
COMPANY INNOVATION POLICY AND STRATEGY
Authors: Bichurova Iva , Yordanova-Dinova Petia
Published: August 2019

This report is aimed at clarifying the essence and specifics of company innovation policy and strategy. The two categories are shown as interpersonal and intertwined. Markets and products are the two cornerstones of company policy that binds it to the production and distribution of goods. Its success is conditioned by the introduction of novelties, the upgrading of the assortment and the analysis of the marketing environment. This combines innovation with company policy and strategy. Company innovation policy is a system of management actions for organization, management and insurance of conditions for creation, implementation and successful market realization of innovations. It is a sequence of activities in planning, organizing, developing and introducing novelties by using administrative and economic leverage to maintain a positive innovation potential. The paper also discusses the components and tools of company innovation policy.Each company develops its common strategy, which is a complex program with visions of action on the priority directions of its development. In the sphere of innovation it is connected with the ability to conduct a competitive struggle for the development and implementation of the novelties. The innovative strategy of the company is reflected in its innovation program, which is the basis for implementing the company's innovation policy. The definition of the prospects and the orientations of the strategy and policy for technological innovation and innovation activity is related to the market, production, investment, organizational, social and other spheres of development. They can be grouped into three main strategies: leadership in overall costs; product differentiation; concentration in the field of business. In connection with the elucidation of the essence the subject presents the types of innovation strategies and policy.
OPENNESS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND GOOD FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Mitić Snežana , Andrejevic Dejan
Published: August 2019

The subject of the research is the local self-government, with a good reason, as it has much more contact with the daily life of citizens than the central government and it is mainly directly responsible for the state of healthcare, building maintenance, education, cleanliness and the environment, as well as for ensuring the functioning of basic systems, such as water and sewage. The third chapter is devoted to good public finance management. It is extremely important to recall the fact that the budget must integrate with other areas of financial operations, even if that business is carried out by a state body, regardless of the Treasury or the Ministry of Finance. The public sector debt has become a "deceptive factor" that achieves budget stability. Internal control measures should be introduced into each organization and incorporated into its procedures. The new concept of the budget system in public finances of the Republic of Serbia determines the efficiency of public expenditure management with the introduction of a multi-level control system. In addition to establishing a budget inspection and audit, one of the multi-level controls is the system of introducing internal control.