bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supply chain’s green investment strategy to cope with an entrant threat considering differentiated competitiveness
Authors: Li Chunyu , Xing Peng , Li Yanting
Published: June 2023

Facing the strengthening of consumer environmental awareness, we investigate the green investment and green subsidy problem of an incumbent supply chain (ISC) taking into account whether the external manufacturer (EM) encroach. Green investment strategies are explored under three scenarios: no-green investment, ex-ante and ex-post green subsidies by the incumbent manufacturer (IM), and green investment by the supplier. The results show that market size does not influence supplier channel selection and investment decisions. The green investment strategy is significantly affected by investment cost efficiency. Meanwhile, contrary to expectation, the more the investment is, the more willing the incumbent supply chain is to invest. Moreover, under a single-channel format, the incumbent supply chain can’t always achieve Pareto equilibrium. However, in the presence of the supplier green investment, although each green investment scenario can improve the profit, it cannot realize Pareto equilibrium. In addition, when the dual-channel format is adopted, the local areas can achieve Pareto equilibrium under different scenarios. The supplier plays an important role as it holds a monopoly upstream in the supply chain. As a result, the supplier’s green investment generates excellent profit and consumer surplus; however, there will be fluctuations in the optimal strategy of the incumbent manufacturer.
Klimarelevante Ernährungsgewohnheiten: Zu welchen Mahlzeiten
und wie häufig essen 6- bis 11-Jährige Fleisch und
Wurstwaren?
Authors: Richter Almut , Moosburger Ramona , Schienkiewitz Anja , Loss Julika , Flerlage Nadine , Mensink Gert B.M.
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund Die aktuellen Klimaveränderungen sind eine der
größten Herausforderungen für Public Health. Im Hinblick
auf die Ernährung trägt die Produktion tierischer Lebensmittel
erheblich zu den Treibhausgasemissionen bei. Bereits im Kindesalter wird in
Deutschland oftmals mehr Fleisch und Wurst gegessen, als im Rahmen einer
gesunden Ernährung empfohlen wird. Als Grundlage für
bedarfsgerechte und zielgruppenspezifische Interventionen ist es wichtig, die
Ernährungsgewohnheiten von Kindern besser zu verstehen.

Methodik Für 6- bis 11-Jährige wird der Verzehr von
Fleisch und Wurstwaren detailliert analysiert. Dabei werden Verzehrmengen und
-häufigkeiten, insbesondere in Bezug auf die einzelnen Mahlzeiten,
betrachtet. Grundlage sind 4-Tages-Verzehrprotokolle von 1.190 Teilnehmenden
dieser Altersgruppe aus der Studie EsKiMo II (Ernährungsstudie als KiGGS
Modul, 2. Erhebung), die 2015-2017 deutschlandweit durchgeführt
wurde.

Ergebnisse Im Mittel essen die Kinder pro Tag 71 g Fleisch und
Wurstwaren, 2/3 davon zum Mittag- und Abendessen. Es wird mehr rotes
Fleisch (Schweine-, Rind- und Lammfleisch) als Geflügelfleisch
gewählt. Fast die Hälfte der Kinder isst zweimal täglich
diese Lebensmittel, weitere 40% isst sie einmal täglich.
Lediglich fünf Prozent der Kinder isst seltener als einmal
täglich Fleisch oder Wurstwaren.

Schlussfolgerung Fleisch und Wurstwaren sind somit für nahezu alle
Kinder in diesem Alter Bestandteil ihrer täglichen Verzehrsgewohnheiten
mit einem insgesamt hohen Verzehr sowohl bei Jungen als auch bei
Mädchen. Geringere Verzehrmengen könnten insgesamt durch einen
selteneren Verzehr, insbesondere mittags und abends erreicht werden
(z. B. vegetarische Mittagsgerichte, alternative Brotbeläge).
Besonders Angebote der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung können hier mittags
einen wichtigen Beitrag zu einer gesunden und klimafreundlichen
Ernährung leisten. Auch Familien sind gefragt, das gemeinsame Abendessen
häufiger fleischlos zu gestalten.
Digitale Pflegedokumentation und -planung weiterentwickeln
Authors: Zoller Richard , Walterscheid Verena , Füssel Maike , Weiß Claudia
Published: June 2023

Die Digitalisierung hat in jedem Bereich unseres Lebens Einzug gehalten. Die komplexen Therapien, Diagnostiken und Versorgungen sind – insbesondere auf den Intensivstationen – weitestgehend nur noch mit differenzierter, vernetzter Technik möglich. Umso wichtiger ist es für die Fachpflege, diese Tools zu nutzen und Einfluss auf die Gestaltung dieser digitalisierten Tools zu nehmen.
Sozial-assistive Roboter als Begleiter auf der Kinderstation
Authors: Reinsperger Nicole , Ritter-Herschbach Madeleine
Published: June 2023

Kinder lieben Spielzeug! Sie sind ein wichtiger Teil ihrer Beschäftigung wie auch Interaktion mit der Umwelt. Dieser spielerische Zugang zur Welt bietet bewährte Möglichkeiten für die pflegerische Interaktionsarbeit, wie beispielsweise zur Reduktion von Schmerzen, Angst und Sorgen. Sozial-assistive Roboter bieten neue Ansätze, indem sie aktiv unterstützend eine soziale Beziehung zum Nutzer aufbauen.
Editorial
Authors: Köppel Maximilian , Baumann Freerk
Published: June 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

die bewegungswissenschaftliche und -epidemiologische Forschung der vergangenen
Jahrzehnte hat zeigen können, dass es de facto nie zu spät ist,
körperliche Aktivität in den Alltag zu integrieren und mit einem
strukturierten und bedarfsgerechten Training zu beginnen. Dass es aber auch kaum zu
früh ist, in Bewegung zu kommen, illustriert das Thema
Prähabilitation ganz deutlich, dem diese Ausgabe von Bewegungstherapie und
Gesundheitssport gewidmet ist. Prähabilitation ist ein Kunstwort, welches
das Vorhaben beschreibt, Patienten für eine geplante medizinische Therapie,
meist eine Operation, vorzubereiten. Die Rationale dahinter ist, dass der mittels
Trainings erhöhte Funktionszustand der Patienten dem zu erwarteten
funktionellen Einbruch durch die medizinische Therapie entgegengewirkt,
Komplikationen verhindert und eine schnellere Rekonvaleszenz ermöglicht
werden kann.
Praktische Empfehlungen zur medizinischen Trainingstherapie in der
Pneumologie
Authors: Glöckl Rainer
Published: June 2023

Körperliches Training gilt als eine der wichtigsten
nicht-medikamentösen Therapieoptionen für Patienten mit
chronischen Atemwegs- und Lungenkrankheiten. Die positiven Effekte auf
Leistungssteigerung, Atemnot, Lebensqualität und
Mortalitätsrisiko sind auf hohem Evidenzniveau belegt. Die Schwerpunkte
der Trainingstherapie liegen vor allem in den Bereichen des Ausdauer- und
Krafttrainings. Beim Ausdauertraining werden die Belastungen entweder nach der
Dauermethode oder dem Intervalltrainingsprinzip durchgeführt. Die
Trainingserfolge im Hinblick auf Leistungssteigerung und Verbesserung der
Lebensqualität sind bei beiden Methoden vergleichbar gut. Dennoch
profitieren vor allem Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Lungenerkrankung von einem
intensiven Intervalltraining besser, da diese Methode während des
Trainings zu geringerer Atemnot führt. Im Bereich des Krafttrainings
werden die großen Hauptmuskelgruppen an geführten
Krafttrainingsgeräten oder mit Hilfe von Hanteln trainiert. Das Ziel
beim Krafttraining liegt im Erreichen einer lokalen muskulären
Ausbelastung/Ermüdung des trainierten Muskels. Eine momentane
Muskelerschöpfung ist einer der wichtigsten Schlüsselreize
für den Zugewinn an Kraft und Muskelmasse. Der Schwerpunkt beim
Krafttraining sollte vor allem auf die Beinmuskulatur gelegt werden, da bei
dieser die Muskelatrophie zumeist am deutlichsten ausgeprägt ist und
dadurch die größten Einschränkungen für den
Patienten im Alltag entstehen.

In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden evidenz-basierte und praxisnahe
Empfehlungen für die Umsetzung einer effektiven medizinischen
Trainingstherapie bei Patienten mit chronischen Atemwegs- und Lungenkrankheiten
(z. B. COPD, Asthma bronchiale, Lungenfibrose etc.) dargestellt.
Was gibt es Neues bei der Meningokokken- und Pneumokokken-Impfung?
Authors: Knuf Markus
Published: June 2023

Invasive Meningokokken-Infektionen gehen mit einer erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität einher. Nach Einführung der Meningokokken-Konjugatimpfstoffe für die Serogruppen C und ACWY sowie der rekombinant hergestellten Proteinimpfstoffe für die Serogruppe B konnten in den Ländern mit entsprechenden Impfprogrammen die Fallzahlen signifikant gesenkt werden. Durch eine sich stetig verändernde Epidemiologie erscheint eine entsprechende Anpassung der Impfschemata an die nationale Infektionsdynamik sinnvoll. Die Weiterentwicklung von Kombinationsimpfstoffen wird dabei die Umsetzung effektive Impfprogramme vereinfachen.

S.-pneumoniae-Bakterien sind eine Hauptursache für (schwere) Atemwegsinfektionen und invasive Pneumokokken-Erkrankungen (IPD). Pneumokokken-Konjugatimpfstoffe (PCV) konnten die Krankheitslast in der besonders betroffenen Gruppe der Säuglinge und Kleinkinder dramatisch absenken. Neben einer relevanten Gemeinschaftsimmunität („Herdeneffekt“) musste die Zunahme von nicht in den Impfstoffen enthaltenen Serotypen (ST) beobachtet werden („replacement“). Es wurden neue, höhervalente PCV 15 und 20 entwickelt.
Einkommen von niedergelassenen Ärztinnen und Ärzten
in Deutschland: Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus
Authors: Kögel Andreas , Lauerer Michael , Zank Daniel
Published: June 2023

Einleitung Daten zum Einkommen von Ärzt:innen in Deutschland sind
bisher nur teilweise verfügbar. Die Einkommen der niedergelassenen
Ärzteschaft werden vor allem aus den Praxiserträgen abgeleitet,
was aber große Interpretationsspielräume eröffnet. Ziel
des Artikels ist es, diese Lücke zu schließen.

Methodik Hierfür werden die Einkommensangaben aus dem Mikrozensus
2017 ausgewertet – mit besonderem Fokus auf niedergelassene
Ärzt:innen. Neben dem persönlichen Einkommen erfolgt eine
Darstellung der Einkommenssituation auf Haushaltsebene. Die Einkommensziffern
werden nach Tätigkeitsumfang, Tätigkeitsgruppe
(Allgemein-/Fach-/Zahnärzte), Geschlecht und
Stadt/Land differenziert.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Das verfügbare persönliche
Nettoeinkommen niedergelassener Ärzt:innen beträgt bei
Vollzeittätigkeit im Mittel knapp 7.900 € pro Monat.
Fachärzt:innen liegen bei 8.250 €, Allgemein- und
Zahnärzt:innen bei ca. 7.700 €. Eine finanzielle Benachteiligung
von Landärzt:innen lässt sich nicht feststellen,
Allgemeinärzt:innen aus Gemeinden<5.000 Einwohnerinnen und
Einwohner haben mit 8.700 € sogar das höchste
Durchschnittseinkommen – bei einer mittleren Arbeitszeit von 51 Stunden
pro Woche. Ärztinnen arbeiten häufiger in Teilzeit als
Ärzte. Ein niedrigeres Einkommen resultiert überwiegend aus
einem geringeren Tätigkeitsumfang.
Gold(I)-Catalyzed Dearomatization–Allenene Reaction for the Construction of Polycycles with Excellent Diastereoselectivity
Authors: Haberhauer Gebhard , Semleit Nina
Published: June 2023

The synthesis of complex polycycles starting from simple building blocks in just a few reaction steps is usually very challenging. Herein, we present the gold(I)-catalyzed synthesis of various polycycles via the dearomatization–allenene reaction of aryl propargyl ethers with different nucleophiles. Depending on the starting material, polycycles can be isolated in yields up to 94% and with an enantiomeric excess of 95%. Quantum chemical calculations show that for all starting materials a Claisen rearrangement to the allenene occurs in the first reaction sequence. The subsequent cyclization and reaction with a nucleophile leads to various polycycles with the formation of up to six new C–C bonds in only one reaction step. All reactions proceed with excellent dia­stereoselectivity, with an α-quaternary carbonyl carbon present in the products.
Safety and Efficacy of Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsies under Ultrasound and Stereotactic Guidance
Authors: Thakkar Popat Palak Bhavesh , Karbhari Aashna , Shetty Nitin , Gala Kunal , Haria Purvi , Katdare Aparna , Chauhan Sonal , Parmar Vani , Nair Nita , Joshi Shalaka , Desai Sangeeta , Shet Tanuja , Patil Asawari , Sahay Ayushi , Thakur Meenakshi , Badwe Rajendra , Kulkarni Suyash
Published: June 2023

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) under ultrasound and stereotactic guidance.

Methods This institutionally approved retrospective analysis comprised 60 females who underwent VABB under ultrasound and stereotactic guidance. Technical success and adverse events were analyzed as per the Society of Interventional Radiology standards. Pain score was recorded as per the visual analog scale.

Results Technical success was 100% with high specificity (100%), sensitivity (96%), negative predictive value 97%, and accuracy of 98%. Ductal carcinoma in situ underestimation rate was 4%. No major complications were encountered, and minor complication of postprocedural hematoma did not require intervention. Procedure was well tolerated with majority patients experiencing mild pain.

Conclusion VABB under ultrasound and stereotactic guidance is a safe and effective method for sampling breast abnormalities.
NETosis in Acute Thrombotic Disorders
Authors: Bressan Alessandro , Faggin Elisabetta , Donato Maristella , Tonon Luca , Buso Roberta , Nardin Chiara , Tiepolo Marta , Cinetto Francesco , Scarpa Riccardo , Agostini Carlo , Pauletto Paolo , Ventura Laura , Fusaro Michele , Felice Carla , Rattazzi Marcello
Published: June 2023

The release of extracellular traps by neutrophils (NETs) represents a novel active mechanism of cell death that has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of thrombotic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the generation of NETs in different groups of patients with acute thrombotic events (ATEs) and to establish whether NETs markers can predict the risk of new cardiovascular events. We performed a case–control study of patients with ATE, including acute coronary syndrome (n = 60), cerebrovascular accident (n = 50), and venous thromboembolism (n = 55). Control subjects (n = 70) were identified among patients admitted for acute chest pain and in which a diagnosis of ATE was excluded. Serum levels of NET markers and neutrophil activation, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complexes, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, lactoferrin, and MPO, were measured in each patient. We found that circulating levels of MPO-DNA complexes were significantly increased in patients with ATE (p < 0.001) compared with controls and that this association remained significant even after fully adjustment for traditional risk factors (p = 0.001). A receiver operating characteristics analysis of circulating MPO-DNA complexes in discriminating between controls and patients with ATE showed a significant area under the curve of 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.82). After a median follow-up of 40.7 (± 13.8) months, 24 out of the 165 patients with ATE presented a new cardiovascular event and 18 patients died. None of the markers under investigation influenced survival or the incidence of new cardiovascular events. In conclusion, we found that increase of markers of NETosis can be observed in acute thrombotic conditions, occurring both on the arterial and venous site. Nevertheless, the level of neutrophil markers measured during the ATE is not predictive of future risk of mortality and cardiovascular events.
SMARCB1-Retained and SMARCB1-Deficient SNUC are Genetically Distinct: A Pilot Study Using RNA Sequencing
Authors: Chitguppi Chandala , Rosen Marc , Nyquist Gurston , Toskala Elina , Evans James , Gargano Stacey , Tuluc Madalina , Ertel Adam , Dsouza Glen , Addya Sankar , Johnson Jennifer , Bar-Ad Voichita , Rabinowitz Mindy
Published: June 2023

Background Understanding the genetic basis for the molecular classification of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) based on SMARCB1 may improve our understating regarding the nature of the disease. The objective of the study was to compare the genetic profile of SMARCB1-retained (SR-SNUC) and SMARCB1-deficient SNUC (SD-SNUC).

Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from treatment-naive patients with SNUC were selected. Three cases of SR-SNUC, four cases of SD-SNUC, and four samples of nontumor tissue (control samples) were selected. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing was performed.

Results SR-SNUC had a higher number of variants (1 variant for every 15,000 bases) compared with SD-SNUC (1 variant every 29,000 bases). The ratio of missense to silent mutation ratio was higher for SR-SNUC (0.8) as compared with SD-SNUC (0.7). Approximately 1,500 genes were differentially expressed between SR-SNUC and SD-SNUC. The genes that had a higher expression in SR-SNUC included TPD52L1, B3GNT3, GFY, TJP3, ELL3, CYP4F3, ALDH3B2, CKMT1B, VIPR1, SLC7A5, PPP2R2C, UPK3B, MUC1, ELF5, STY7, and H2AC14. The gene that had a higher expression in SD-SNUC was ZFHX4. Most of these genes were related to either protein translation or immune regulation. The most common (n = 3, 75%) mechanisms of loss of SMARCB1 gene in SD-SNUC was loss of heterozygosity.

Conclusion RNA sequencing is a viable and informative approach for genomic profiling of archival SNUC samples. Both SR-SNUC and SD-SNUC were noted to have distinct genetic profiles underlying the molecular classification of these diseases.
The “Bubble Test” in the Arthroscopic Diagnosis of Triangular Fibrocartilage Central Lesion: Description and Relevance to Treatment
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf de , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Aita Márcio , Zaidenberg Ezequiel , Delgado Pedro J.
Published: June 2023

Background Ulnarly sided wrist pain is a common and challenging symptom. Arthroscopy has become a safe and effective tool for the correct diagnosis and treatment, proving to be better than all other clinical and imaging diagnostic methods. Some tests have been described for the diagnosis of triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) lesions, such as the trampoline test for peripheral lesions and the hook, ghost, and suction tests for foveal detachments. In tears at the disc level, when they affect all layers of the TFC (complete lesion) at the same point, testing with the probe will usually suffice for the diagnosis. However, in some apparently partial lesions, the probe cannot pass through all layers because the proximal and distal sites of the lesion are not aligned. There has been no arthroscopic test described for such cases.

Case Description We describe a simple and practical test that we have called the “bubble test” in a typical case to diagnose TFC central injuries, aiming to discriminate partial from complete lesions, which are eventually hard to differentiate through direct vision and arthroscopic probing, leading to a direct influence onto the treatment. The bubble test is performed with external compression of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) aspect, with the thumb on the back of the DRUJ and the index and middle fingers onto the volar aspect. The abrupt compression of this region causes the passage of air mixed with synovial fluid from the DRUJ to the radiocarpal joint, generating bubble formation.

Clinical Relevance The bubble test should correlate to physical examination and imaging (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) findings and is particularly useful in central and degenerative (Type II) TFC lesions in patients complaining of chronic pain on the ulnar region of the wrist, with no history of trauma and with inconclusive MRI findings. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, arthroscopic treatment consists of wide debridement of the lesion with resection of the injured tissue and the local inflammatory reaction. Thus, it is essential for the correct treatment to define the exact location of the lesion and to know whether the disc injury is complete.
Factors Influencing Compensation of Early Career Neonatologists
Authors: Bhatia Anisha , Nestander Matt , Lucke Ashley , Bernstein Sarah M. , Gautam Shiva , Horowitz Eric , Day Colby
Published: June 2023

Objective Workforce characteristics and compensation specific to early career neonatologists remain poorly defined. Lack of transparency surrounding compensation limits benchmarking for neonatologists entering the workforce and may negatively influence individual lifetime earnings. Our objective was to provide granular data for this unique subpopulation by defining employment characteristics and factors influential to compensation of early career neonatologists.

Study Design An anonymous 59-question cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed to eligible members of American Academy of Pediatrics Trainees and Early Career Neonatologists. A focused analysis was conducted on salary and bonus compensation data collected from the survey instrument. Respondents were classified based on primary site of employment: nonuniversity located (e.g., private practice, hospital employed, government/military, and hybrid employment groups) versus university located practice settings (e.g., work is primarily conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting located within a university organization). Median quantile regression was used to conduct univariate and multivariate analyses using SAS Software version 9.4.

Results We received 348 responses (26.7% response rate). Median salary was $220,000 (interquartile range: $200,000–250,000). Factors associated with salary include academic rank (instructor: $196,000; assistant professor: $220,000 [12% increase; p < 0.001]; associate professor: $260,000 [18% increase]; p = 0.027) and years of experience (p = 0.017), after adjusting for relevant factors. Employment location, practice type, group size, clinical schedule, location of medical school training, and gender identity did not significantly influence salary in multivariate quantile regression. Median annual bonus was $7,000 higher for nonuniversity located positions ($20,000 vs. 13,000; p = 0.021), with assumption of additional administrative roles and practice group seniority as most commonly cited bonus criteria (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively).

Conclusion Academic rank and years of experience may influence salary. Bonus earnings are higher for nonuniversity located positions. Employment models are evolving to incorporate academic teaching appointments while practicing in nonuniversity located NICUs. This is the first detailed compensation analysis of early career neonatologists.

Key Points
Biomechanical Comparison of Distal Radioulnar Joint Reconstruction Graft Preparation Techniques
Authors: Li Yibo , Beaudry Eric , Besada Nader , Chan Robert , Westover Lindsey
Published: June 2023

Background Graft preparation techniques for the Adams–Berger distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) reconstruction vary among surgeons with insufficient evidence to support any specific technique.

Questions/Purposes We compared survival with cyclic loading, absolute elongation, elongation rate, and modes of failure of four graft preparation techniques.

Methods Fifteen porcine extensor tendons were divided into three equal groups: tendon only; tendon augmented along its full length with nonlocking 2–0 FiberLoop suture spaced at 6 mm intervals; and tendon with suture at 12 mm intervals. Suture only was also tested. Samples were woven through custom radius- and ulna-simulating jigs mounted on a mechanical testing machine. Samples underwent a staircase cyclic loading protocol and were then inspected visually for the mode of failure. Survival with cyclic loading, absolute elongation, and elongation rate was compared.

Results Average survival with cyclic loading of suture-augmented tendon was significantly higher than tendon only. All tendon groups had significantly higher survival compared with suture only. Absolute elongation was subject to variability due to initial nonlinear elongation behavior of samples. The elongation rate was significantly lower with suture compared with all tendon groups. Modes of failure included rupture of the tendon and/or suture at the simulated graft–bone interface and elongation of the entire construct without rupture.

Conclusions In this biomechanical study, augmentation of porcine tendons with suture spaced at either 6 or 12 mm for DRUJ reconstruction significantly increased survival to a staircase cyclic loading protocol

Clinical Relevance For the Adams–Berger reconstruction, tendon grafts augmented along their entire length by nonabsorbable braided suture are biomechanically superior to tendon alone.
Impact of Treatment Delay in Head and Neck Mucosal Melanoma on Overall Patient Survival
Authors: Martin Elaine C. , Abiri Arash , Tsutsumi Kotaro , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Torabi Sina J. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: June 2023

Objectives Head and neck mucosal melanoma (HNMM) is a rare malignancy with high mortality. This study evaluates the impact of treatment delays on overall survival in HNMM.

Design/Setting/Participants A retrospective review of patients with surgically managed HNMM treated with adjuvant radiation was performed from the 2004–2016 National Cancer Database.

Main Outcome Measures Durations of diagnosis-to-treatment initiation (DTI), surgery-to-radiotherapy initiation (SRT), duration of radiotherapy (RTD), surgery-to-immunotherapy initiation (SIT), diagnosis-to-treatment end (DTE), and total treatment package (TTP) were calculated.

Results A total of 1,011 patients (50.7% female, 90.5% Caucasian) met inclusion criteria. Median DTI, SRT, RTD, SIT, DTE, and TTP were 30, 49, 41, 102, 119, and 87 days, respectively. Only longer DTE was associated with decreased mortality (hazard ratio, 0.720; 95% confidence interval, 0.536–0.965; p = 0.028).

Conclusion DTI, SRT, RTD, SIT, and TTP do not significantly affect overall survival in patients with HNMM who undergo surgery and adjuvant radiation. Longer DTE is associated with improved survival in this population.

Level of Evidence 4.
U
(
h
)
-free modules over the topological N = 2 super-BMS3 algebra
Authors: Lu Hao , Sun Jiancai , Zhang Honglian
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a class of non-weight modules over the topological N = 2 super-BMS3 algebra g are completely constructed. Assume that h̄=CL0⊕CP0⊕CG0⊕CQ0 is the Cartan subalgebra of g and h=CL0⊕CP0 is a two-dimensional subalgebra of h̄. These modules over g are free of rank 2 as modules of the subalgebra h. In fact, these modules are reducible. Moreover, we give a complete classification of free U(h)-modules of rank 2 over g.
Black box vs gray box: Comparing GAP and GPrep-DFTB for ruthenium and ruthenium oxide
Authors: Panosetti C. , Lee Y. , Samtsevych A. , Scheurer C.
Published: June 2023

The increasing popularity of machine learning (ML) approaches in computational modeling, most prominently ML interatomic potentials, opened possibilities that were unthinkable only a few years ago—structure and dynamics for systems up to many thousands of atoms at an ab initio level of accuracy. Strictly referring to ML interatomic potentials, however, a number of modeling applications are out of reach, specifically those that require explicit electronic structure. Hybrid (“gray box”) models based on, e.g., approximate, semi-empirical ab initio electronic structure with the aid of some ML components offer a convenient synthesis that allows us to treat all aspects of a certain physical system on the same footing without targeting a separate ML model for each property. Here, we compare one of these [Density Functional Tight Binding with a Gaussian Process Regression repulsive potential (GPrep-DFTB)] with its fully “black box” counterpart, the Gaussian approximation potential, by evaluating performance in terms of accuracy, extrapolation power, and data efficiency for the metallic Ru and oxide RuO2 systems, given exactly the same training set. The accuracy with respect to the training set or similar chemical motifs turns out to be comparable. GPrep-DFTB is, however, slightly more data efficient. The robustness of GPRep-DFTB in terms of extrapolation power is much less clear-cut for the binary system than for the pristine system, most likely due to imperfections in the electronic parametrization.
Employing high-temperature-grown SrZrO3 buffer to enhance the electron mobility in La:BaSnO3-based heterostructures
Authors: Ngabonziza Prosper , Park Jisung , Sigle Wilfried , van Aken Peter A. , Mannhart Jochen , Schlom Darrell G.
Published: June 2023

We report a synthetic route to achieve high electron mobility at room temperature in epitaxial La:BaSnO3/SrZrO3 heterostructures prepared on several oxide substrates. Room-temperature mobilities of 157, 145, and 143 cm2 V−1 s−1 are achieved for heterostructures grown on DyScO3 (110), MgO (001), and TbScO3 (110) crystalline substrates, respectively. This is realized by first employing pulsed laser deposition to grow at very high temperature the SrZrO3 buffer layer to reduce dislocation density in the active layer, then followed by the epitaxial growth of an overlaying La:BaSnO3 active layer by molecular-beam epitaxy. Structural properties of these heterostructures are investigated, and the extracted upper limit of threading dislocations is well below 1.0×1010 cm−2 for buffered films on DyScO3, MgO, and TbScO3 substrates. The present results provide a promising route toward achieving high mobility in buffered La:BaSnO3 films prepared on most, if not all, oxide substrates with large compressive or tensile lattice mismatches to the film.
Achromatic terahertz quarter-wave Fresnel rhomb retarder
Authors: D'Arco Annalisa , Tomarchio Luca , Macis Salvatore , Petrarca Massimo , Lupi Stefano
Published: June 2023

Achromatic terahertz (THz) quarter-wave retarder is widely desired to manipulate the polarization states of broadband THz beams, which are essential for spectroscopic applications, such as circular dichroism spectroscopy and steering THz vortex beams. A retarder based on Fresnel reflection exhibits the potential for designing an achromatic THz quarter-wave retarder. However, special care should be taken to make a Fresnel retarder capable of manipulating the beam ellipticity by simply rotating its fast axis without affecting its propagation path. Hereby, we design a 4-bounce achromatic quarter-wave Fresnel rhomb retarder free of affecting beam propagation, which can easily change the input beam's ellipticity by simply rotating the retarder's fast axis.
Dynamics of C(3P) + OH(X 2Π) reaction on the new global HCO(X2A′) potential energy surface
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Zhao Juan , Wang Lifei , Song Yuzhi , Meng Qingtian , Liu Dong
Published: June 2023

A precise analytical potential energy surface (PES) of HCO(X2A′) is fitted from a great quantity of ab initio energy points computed with the multi-reference configuration interaction method and aug-cc-pV(Q/5)Z basis sets. The whole energy points extrapolated to the complete basis set limit are fitted by the many-body expansion formula. The calculated topographic characteristics are analyzed and compared with the existing work to prove the precision of the present HCO(X2A′) PES. By utilizing the time-dependent wave packet and quasi-classical trajectory methods, the reaction probabilities, integral cross sections, and rate constants are computed. The results are compared in detail with the former results carried out on the other PES. Moreover, the provided information on stereodynamics leads to an in-depth understanding of the role of collision energy in product distribution.
Energy transport and relaxation of phonon polaritons in two-dimensional polar crystals
Authors: Zhang J.-Z.
Published: June 2023

Energy transport and relaxation of phonon polaritons (PhPs) are studied, based on a macroscopic phonon model, for atomic layers of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The velocity of the energy flow (energy velocity) is derived from the energy flow and density; it equals the group velocity, similar to the results of bulk and surface PhPs. In electrostatic approximation, valid once the frequency is slightly above ω0 (e.g., ω>1.002ω0∼224cm−1 for pentalayer MoTe2; ω0 is the zone-center optical-phonon frequency), simple formulas are obtained for the energy velocity and relaxation rate (ERR). While the energy velocity increases proportionally with the number of layers N, the ERR is independent of N. The ERR equals the phonon damping rate in freestanding layers, but it is slightly decreased in SiO2-supported layers and has a non-monotonic frequency dependence (the decrease is smaller than 5.4% for hBN layers and negligible for TMD layers). The energy velocity decreases significantly with frequency in both freestanding and supported layers. Near ω0, however, the PhP properties should be calculated rigorously, and they all depend on N as well as the dielectric environment. High-frequency screening should be included to study the energy transport. The energy velocity can be engineered by varying N and the dielectric environment; it also can be tuned together with the propagation quality factor by the incident light frequency. The MoTe2 layers should be exploited for a far-infrared PhP material (wavelengths 43–45 μm); this is just an example of application of the proposed model to the considered materials.
Microstructural evolution of extended defects in 25
μ
m thick GaN homo-epitaxial layers
Authors: Liao Michael E. , Mahadik Nadeemullah A. , Gallagher James C. , Gunning Brendan P. , Kaplar Robert J. , Anderson Travis J.
Published: June 2023

Defect origins and their propagation behavior were investigated in 25 μm thick homo-epitaxial GaN layers grown on ammono-thermal and void-assisted separation (VAS) substrates using multi-vector x-ray topography in both transmission and reflection geometries. Complex inclusions were identified and their microstructure was analyzed. Additionally, generation of threading dislocation clusters during epitaxial growth is analyzed. Various defects are delineated from the substrate vs epitaxial layers. Growth on the ammono-thermal substrate led to less defective and flatter epitaxial layers compared to the growth on the VAS substrate. Determining the origins and microstructure of defects is crucial toward developing defect mitigation strategies for reliable GaN devices.
Room temperature colossal superparamagnetic order in aminoferrocene–graphene molecular magnets
Authors: Getahun Yohannes W. , Manciu Felicia S. , Pederson Mark R. , El-Gendy Ahmed A.
Published: June 2023

Intensive studies are published for graphene-based molecular magnets due to their remarkable electric, thermal, and mechanical properties. However, to date, most of all produced molecular magnets are ligand based and subject to challenges regarding the stability of the ligand(s). The lack of long-range coupling limits high operating temperature and leads to a short-range magnetic order. Herein, we introduce an aminoferrocene-based graphene system with room temperature superparamagnetic behavior in the long-range magnetic order that exhibits colossal magnetocrystalline anisotropy of 8 × 105 and 3 × 107 J/m3 in aminoferrocene and graphene-based aminoferrocene, respectively. These values are comparable to and even two orders of magnitude larger than pure iron metal. Aminoferrocene [C10H11FeN]+ is synthesized by an electrophilic substitution reaction. It was then reacted with graphene oxide that was prepared by the modified Hammers method. The phase structure and functionalization of surface groups were characterized and confirmed by XRD, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. To model the behavior of the aminoferrocene between two sheets of hydroxylated graphene, we have used density functional theory by placing the aminoferrocene molecule between two highly ordered hydroxylated sheets and allowing the structure to relax. The strong bowing of the isolated graphene sheets suggests that the charge transfer and resulting magnetization could be strongly influenced by pressure effects. In contrast to strategies based on ligands surface attachment, our present work that uses interlayer intercalated aminoferrocene opens routes for future molecular magnets as well as the design of qubit arrays and quantum systems.
Evaluation of functional kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers for selection of drought-tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes
Authors: Rubab Marya , Jannat Summiya , Freeg Haytham , Abbas Hina , Attia Kotb A. , Fiaz Sajid , Zahra Nageen , Uzair Muhammad , Inam Safeena , Shah Asad Hussain , Kimiko Itoh , Naeem Muhammad Kashif , Khan Muhammad Ramzan
Published: June 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major crop around the globe and different techniques are being used for its productivity enhancement. Germplasm evaluation to improve crop productivity mainly depends on accurate phenotyping and selection of genotypes with a high frequency of superior alleles related to the trait of interest. Therefore, applying functional kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers for drought-related genes is essential to characterise the genotypes for developing future climate-resilient wheat crop. In this study, eight functional KASP markers and nine morphological traits were employed to evaluate the 40 wheat genotypes for drought tolerance. Morphological traits showed significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) among the genotypes, except tiller count (TC), fresh root weight (FRW) and dry root weight (DRW). PCA biplot showed that 63.3% phenotypic variation was explained by the first two PCs under control treatment, while 70.8% variation was explained under drought treatment. It also indicated that root length (RL) and primary root (PR) have considerable variations among the genotypes under both treatments and are positively associated with each other. Hence, the findings of this study suggested that both these traits could be used as a selection criterion to classify the drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. KASP genotyping accompanied by morphological data revealed that genotypes Markaz, Bhakar Star, China 2, Aas and Chakwal-50 performed better under drought stress. These outperforming genotypes could be used as parents in developing drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. Hence, KASP genotyping assay for functional genes or significant haplotypes and phenotypic evaluation are prerequisites for a modern breeding program.
Predicting implicit attitudes with natural language data
Authors: Bhatia Sudeep , Walasek Lukasz
Published: June 2023

Large-scale language datasets and advances in natural language processing offer opportunities for studying people’s cognitions and behaviors. We show how representations derived from language can be combined with laboratory-based word norms to predict implicit attitudes for diverse concepts. Our approach achieves substantially higher correlations than existing methods. We also show that our approach is more predictive of implicit attitudes than are explicit attitudes, and that it captures variance in implicit attitudes that is largely unexplained by explicit attitudes. Overall, our results shed light on how implicit attitudes can be measured by combining standard psychological data with large-scale language data. In doing so, we pave the way for highly accurate computational modeling of what people think and feel about the world around them.
Glycogen-fuelled metabolism supports rapid mucosal-associated invariant T cell responses
Authors: Cassidy Féaron C. , Kedia-Mehta Nidhi , Bergin Ronan , Woodcock Andrea , Berisha Ardena , Bradley Ben , Booth Eva , Jenkins Benjamin J. , Ryan Odhrán K. , Jones Nicholas , Sinclair Linda V. , O’Shea Donal , Hogan Andrew E.
Published: June 2023

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of unconventional T cells which recognize a limited repertoire of ligands presented by the MHC class-I like molecule MR1. In addition to their key role in host protection against bacterial and viral pathogens, MAIT cells are emerging as potent anti-cancer effectors. With their abundance in human, unrestricted properties, and rapid effector functions MAIT cells are emerging as attractive candidates for immunotherapy. In the current study, we demonstrate that MAIT cells are potent cytotoxic cells, rapidly degranulating and inducing target cell death. Previous work from our group and others has highlighted glucose metabolism as a critical process for MAIT cell cytokine responses at 18 h. However, the metabolic processes supporting rapid MAIT cell cytotoxic responses are currently unknown. Here, we show that glucose metabolism is dispensable for both MAIT cell cytotoxicity and early (<3 h) cytokine production, as is oxidative phosphorylation. We show that MAIT cells have the machinery required to make (GYS-1) and metabolize (PYGB) glycogen and further demonstrate that that MAIT cell cytotoxicity and rapid cytokine responses are dependent on glycogen metabolism. In summary, we show that glycogen-fueled metabolism supports rapid MAIT cell effector functions (cytotoxicity and cytokine production) which may have implications for their use as an immunotherapeutic agent.
Stimulation of ectopically expressed muscarinic receptors induces IFN-γ but suppresses IL-2 production by inhibiting activation of pAKT pathways in primary T cells
Authors: Nguyen Trang T. T. , Lu Wen , Zhu Wandi S. , Ansel K. Mark , Liang Hong-Erh , Weiss Arthur
Published: June 2023

T cell antigen receptor stimulation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules and the phosphatidylinositol, Ras, MAPK, and PI3 kinase pathways, leading to T cell activation. Previously, we reported that the G-protein-coupled human muscarinic receptor could bypass tyrosine kinases to activate the phosphatidylinositol pathway and induce interleukin-2 production in Jurkat leukemic T cells. Here, we demonstrate that stimulating G-protein-coupled muscarinic receptors (M1 and synthetic hM3Dq) can activate primary mouse T cells if PLCβ1 is coexpressed. Resting peripheral hM3Dq+PLCβ1 (hM3Dq/β1) T cells did not respond to clozapine, an hM3Dq agonist, unless they were preactivated by TCR and CD28 stimulation which increased hM3Dq and PLCβ1 expression. This permitted large calcium and phosphorylated ERK responses to clozapine. Clozapine treatment induced high IFN-γ, CD69, and CD25 expression, but surprisingly did not induce substantial IL-2 in hM3Dq/β1 T cells. Importantly, costimulation of both muscarinic receptors plus the TCR even led to reduced IL-2 expression, suggesting a selective inhibitory effect of muscarinic receptor costimulation. Stimulation of muscarinic receptors induced strong nuclear translocation of NFAT and NFκB and activated AP-1. However, stimulation of hM3Dq led to reduced IL-2 mRNA stability which correlated with an effect on the IL-2 3′UTR activity. Interestingly, stimulation of hM3Dq resulted in reduced pAKT and its downstream pathway. This may explain the inhibitory impact on IL-2 production in hM3Dq/β1T cells. Moreover, an inhibitor of PI3K reduced IL-2 production in TCR-stimulated hM3Dq/β1 CD4 T cells, suggesting that activating the pAKT pathway is critical for IL-2 production in T cells.
Replitrons: A major group of eukaryotic transposons encoding HUH endonuclease
Authors: Craig Rory J.
Published: June 2023

HUH endonucleases of the Rep (replication protein) class mediate the replication of highly diverse plasmids and viral genomes across all domains of life. HUH transposases have independently evolved from Reps, giving rise to three major transposable element groups: the prokaryotic insertion sequences IS
200
/IS
605
and IS
91
/IS
CR
, and the eukaryotic Helitrons. Here, I present Replitrons, a second group of eukaryotic transposons encoding Rep HUH endonuclease. Replitron transposases feature a Rep domain with one catalytic Tyr (Y1) and an adjacent domain that may function in oligomerization, contrasting with Helitron transposases that feature Rep with two Tyr (Y2) and a fused helicase domain (i.e., RepHel). Protein clustering found no link between Replitron transposases and described HUH transposases, and instead recovered a weak association with Reps of circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses and their related plasmids (pCRESS). The predicted tertiary structure of the transposase of
Replitron-1
, the founding member of the group that is active in the green alga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
, closely resembles that of CRESS-DNA viruses and other HUH endonucleases. Replitrons are present in at least three eukaryotic supergroups and reach high copy numbers in nonseed plant genomes. Replitron DNA sequences feature short direct repeats at, or potentially near, their termini. Finally, I characterize
copy
-and-
paste
de novo insertions of
Replitron-1
using long-read sequencing of
C. reinhardtii
experimental lines. These results support an ancient and evolutionarily independent origin of Replitrons, in line with other major groups of eukaryotic transposons. This work expands the known diversity of both transposons and HUH endonucleases in eukaryotes.
CRISPR/Cas9-based split homing gene drive targeting
doublesex
for population suppression of the global fruit pest
Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Yadav Amarish K. , Butler Cole , Yamamoto Akihiko , Patil Anandrao A. , Lloyd Alun L. , Scott Maxwell J.
Published: June 2023

Genetic-based methods offer environmentally friendly species-specific approaches for control of insect pests. One method, CRISPR homing gene drive that target genes essential for development, could provide very efficient and cost-effective control. While significant progress has been made in developing homing gene drives for mosquito disease vectors, little progress has been made with agricultural insect pests. Here, we report the development and evaluation of split homing drives that target the
doublesex
(
dsx
) gene in
Drosophila suzukii
, an invasive pest of soft-skinned fruits. The drive component, consisting of
dsx
single guide RNA and DsRed genes, was introduced into the female-specific exon of
dsx
, which is essential for function in females but not males. However, in most strains, hemizygous females were sterile and produced the male
dsx
transcript. With a modified homing drive that included an optimal splice acceptor site, hemizygous females from each of the four independent lines were fertile. High transmission rates of the DsRed gene (94 to 99%) were observed with a line that expressed Cas9 with two nuclear localization sequences from the
D. suzukii nanos
promoter. Mutant alleles of
dsx
with small in-frame deletions near the Cas9 cut site were not functional and thus would not provide resistance to drive. Finally, mathematical modeling showed that the strains could be used for suppression of lab cage populations of
D. suzukii
with repeated releases at relatively low release ratios (1:4). Our results indicate that the split CRISPR homing gene drive strains could potentially provide an effective means for control of
D. suzukii
populations.
Reductions in home-range size and social interactions among dehorned black rhinoceroses (
Diceros bicornis
)
Authors: Duthé Vanessa , Odendaal Karen , Van der Westhuizen Rickert , Church Brigitte , Naylor Simon , Boshoff Suzette , Venter Mariana , Prinsloo Meiring , Ngwenya Petros , Hanekom Catharine , Kelly Christopher P. , Walker Tom W. N. , Rasmann Sergio , Defossez Emmanuel
Published: June 2023

Poaching for horns and tusks is driving declines of megaherbivores worldwide, including the critically endangered African black rhinoceros (
Diceros bicornis
). By proactively dehorning entire rhinoceros populations, conservationists aim to deter poaching and prevent species loss. However, such conservation interventions may have hidden and underestimated effects on animals’ behavior and ecology. Here, we combine >15 y of black rhino–monitoring data across 10 South African game reserves, comprising >24,000 sightings of 368 individuals, to determine the consequences of dehorning for black rhino space use and social interactions. While preventative dehorning at these reserves coincided with a nationwide decrease in black rhino mortality from poaching and did not infer increased natural mortality, dehorned black rhinos decreased their home range area by, on average, 11.7 km
2
(45.5%) and were 37% less likely to engage in social encounters. We conclude that dehorning black rhinos as an antipoaching measure alters their behavioral ecology, although the potential population-level effects of these changes remain to be determined.