bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the reception of Bonhoeffer â€“ A case study of South-South dialogue
Authors: Smit Dirk J
Published: October 2016

This article, read as a paper during a consultation on South-South receptions of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, argues that the late Russel Botman, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Stellenbosch and well-known South African ecumenical theologian, in his own person already served as a living illustration of such an encounter. He read and appropriated Bonhoeffer as a South African theologian, but in discussion and engagement with the work of several Latin American figures, including people who in different ways also read and appropriated Bonhoeffer. The article briefly shows how Botman developed three motifs that were central to his own life and thought by engaging a variety of Latin American figures â€“ amongst others Leonardo Boff, Paolo Freire, Jon Sobrino, Juan Luis Segundo, Rubem Alves, Julio de Santa Ana, and Enrique Dussel â€“ but always with a view also to Bonhoeffer, up to the point where it becomes difficult to distinguish any longer between the voices of Bonhoeffer, the voices of these thinkers from the South, and his own voice. The three motifs deal respectively with his concern for the next generation, his belief in imagination and hope, and his commitment to sociality and community.
The ecclesial notion of â€˜familyâ€™ versus authentic families today: Evaluation of the initial findings of the 2014 Synod of Catholic Bishops
Authors: Duncan Graham , Urbaniak Jakub
Published: October 2016

The traditional institution of the family within Roman Catholic Christianity and Christianity in general is in an invidious position in contemporary society, partly because it lacks an agreed definition in a fluid global context. The church is an institution in which families subsist and which both needs and bolsters the family unit for its own existence and stability. However, all major churches seem to be stuck in outdated traditional modes of understanding which are exclusive and cause great distress to many who do not conform to them. The Roman Catholic Church has recently inaugurated a discussion of pastoral challenges currently facing family life. This is an attempt to evaluate critically its initial findings through deconstructing the traditional notion of family on which the Church teaching seems to rely.
Shem, Ham, Japheth and Zuma â€“ Genesis 9:25-27 and masculinities in South Africa
Authors: Meiring Jacob JS
Published: October 2016

The article explores the interpretation and reception of Genesis 9:25-27 and how the so-called â€˜curse of Hamâ€™ contributed to the construction of masculinities in South Africa. The impact of the Ham ideology on black people and on the construction of masculinities is explored from the perspective of a contemporary theological anthropology as â€˜embodied sensingâ€™.
The Ham ideology also has a remarkable longevity, especially in South Africa with remnants of the curse still visible and alive in the minds (and bodies) of people. Because of the unique way in which this ideology was employed in South Africa from the time of slavery and during apartheid, it is reasonable to conceive that it also played a vital role in the construction of the masculinities of males in South Africa.
Patriarchal ethics and narrative representation: Ethics, values and morality of the biblical narrator in the Jacobâ€™s story
Authors: Michael Matthew
Published: October 2016

The patriarch narratives have continually become stories of ethical embarrassment to the modern readers because of the participation and support of the patriarchs for unethical practices which directly undermine the conception of these patriarchs as paragon of virtues and faith by later religious traditions. Implicated in the representations of the patriarchs are God and the narrator who largely distanced themselves, and also directly refused to make explicit moral condemnation of this unethical behaviour. Significantly, Yahweh persistently promises unconditional blessings and protections to these patriarchs in spite of their lying, deception, and cheating within the stories. To further reinstate this ethical dilemma, there are no divine thunderbolts, no wrathful confrontations or the outburst of divine holy anger that apparently addresses and punishes the moral flaws of these patriarchs. On this same ethical template, the narrator appears also sympathetic to the divine neglects of these unethical behaviours because in spite of these behaviours of the patriarchs and even matriarchs of his stories they were still largely considered the heroes and heroines of his stories. Departing from this general understanding of patriarchal ethics, the present study points to the subtle representation of Jacobâ€™s deception of his father and the punishment of this misdeed through his direct connection and implication in three subsequent scenes of deception where he himself was the object of these deceptions. Through this placement of Jacob in these other scenes of deceptions, the narrator subtly presents a moral universe where ethical misdeed continually haunts the perpetrators, and wrong deeds are clearly punished. Consequently, in spite of the many moral problems in the patriarch narratives, the narrator skilfully upholds a high morality, and the paper appropriately underscores the ethical significance of this representation of Jacobâ€™s story for the contemporary Christian community.
The socio-cultural functions of indigenous languages in teaching theology
Authors: Resane Kelebogile T
Published: October 2016

This article aims to show that indigenous knowledge systems are the reservoirs of useful knowledge for teaching theology, particularly indigenous languages. It argues that theological language is an identity marker, and an ideological tool. Indigenous languages have something to offer in teaching theology.
Language is a powerful force that forms national identity; and it contributes towards national unity. It is part of culture and it explains the abstracts through figures of speech. These figures of speech or metaphors are mostly comprehensible when viewed from indigenous languagesâ€™ point. Opportunities must be created for the space of the acquisition of these languages as a way of exploring and discovering the meaning of the texts. It is therefore recommended that the linguistic competence and performance be mastered for catching the metaphorical contents of the texts. Teaching theology does not only require gratis dictum but also expertise in language technical application such as code-switching, sandwich technique, mother-tongue mirroring, and back-chaining.
Inclusive Communities: A missional approach to racial inclusivity within the Dutch Reformed Church
Authors: Rossouw Pieter Fourie
Published: October 2016

This article dealt with racial diversity in homogenous white Afrikaans faith communities such as the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC). This study was partially an account of the researcherâ€™s own discontent with being a minister in the DRC against the backdrop of his own journey of finding a racially integrated identity in a post-apartheid South Africa. It focused on the question of how a church like the DRC can play an intentional role in the formation of racially inclusive communities. The study brought together shifts in missional theology, personal reflections from DRC ministers and contemporary studies on whiteness. The researcher looked towards a missional imaginary as a field map for racial diversity in the church. This was mirrored against contemporary studies on white identity in a post-apartheid South Africa. From this conversation the researcher argued for a creative discovery of hybrid identities within white faith communities. Missional exercises such as listening to the stories of strangers, cross cultural pilgrimages and eating together in strange places can assist congregations on this journey.
Persons without capacity as participants in research: A Kingdom perspective on article 7(b) of UNESCOâ€™s Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (2005)
Authors: Rheeder Riaan
Published: October 2016

In 2005, UNESCOâ€™s Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR) was accepted unanimously by the world community (191 member nations). The declaration is currently the first and only bioethical text to which the entire world has committed. However, this document, particularly Article 7(b), is not of religious origin and must therefore be evaluated from a Christian point of view. This article strives to ground the ethical and human rights issue of substitute consent with regard to research with persons without capacity from a Protestant perspective. The grounding is performed in the light of the theme of the Kingdom of God.
â€˜God the Spiritâ€™ â€“ Michael Welkerâ€™s â€˜biblical-realistic theologyâ€™
Authors: Van der Westhuizen Henco
Published: October 2016

The following essay attempts to offer a framework for Michael Welkerâ€™s ample theology of the Spirit by inquiring as to the impulses resonating from his God the Spirit. This is important because Welkerâ€™s entire theological endeavour is built upon the insights emanating from his theology of the Spirit. In the first part of the essay Welkerâ€™s theological hermeneutic with regards to the Spirit is made clear. The particular relation between the Spirit and Jesus Christ is explored in the second part of the essay. This relation is of importance in the light of his more recent God the Revealed: Christology. The work of the Spirit in the world is clarified in the third part of the essay. In the final part Welkerâ€™s conception of the Spirit is examined in light of the Apostolicum.
Rural Homelessness in Western Canada: Lessons Learned from Diverse Communities
Authors: Waegemakers Schiff Jeannette , Schiff Rebecca , Turner Alina
Published: October 2016

Until recently, there was little acknowledgement that homelessness existed in rural areas in Canada. Limited research and scarce data are available to understand the scope and dynamics of rural homelessness in Canada. As suggested in our previous work, there is a need for rural homelessness research to examine themes from a provincial perspective. The aim of this research was to contribute to expanding the knowledge base on the nature of rural homelessness at a provincial level in the Canadian province of Alberta. In order to understand the dynamics of homelessness in rural Alberta, we conducted interviews with service providers and other key stakeholders across Alberta. We examined homelessness dynamics and responses to rural homelessness in 20 rural communities across the province. Across all of the communities in the study, homelessness was reported however, the magnitude of the issue and its dynamics were distinct depending on the local contexts. We also identified several themes which serve as descriptors of rural homelessness issues. We note a number of recommendations emerging from this data which are aimed at building on the experiences, capacities, and strengths of rural communities.
Growth factors and kinases in glioblastoma growth
Authors: Peña-Ortiz Miguel Ángel , Germán-Castelán Liliana , González-Arenas Aliesha
Published: October 2016

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain cancer, having the highest invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis rates. Several signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of these processes including growth factors and their tyrosine kinase receptors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and insulin-like growth factor–I (IGF–I). Different kinases and regulators also participate in signaling pathways initiated by growth factors, such as mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK), protein kinases C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB or Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), the mTOR complex, and Bcl-2. In this review, we will focus on the role of these proteins as possible therapeutic targets in GBM.
Instrução de modelagem de David Hestenes: uma proposta de ciclo de modelagem temático e discussões sobre alfabetização científica
Authors: Souza Ednilson Sergio Ramalho de , Rozal Edilene Farias
Published: October 2016

O trabalho pedagógico com modelagem matemática pressupõe investigar situações da realidade. Contudo, modelos mentais formados a partir do contato com o mundo vivencial geralmente são incompatíveis com os modelos conceituais. Assim, David Hestenes sustenta a tese de que um dos maiores desafios do ensino e da aprendizagem em ciências e matemática é coordenar modelos conceituais com modelos mentais, o que o levou à elaboração de uma didática em modelagem matemática: a Instrução de Modelagem. Nosso objetivo é apresentar uma proposta de ciclo de modelagem temático elaborada nos pressupostos hestenesianos e discutir sobre possibilidades para alfabetização científica. A questão principal foi saber como emergem indicadores para alfabetização científica durante o ciclo proposto. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica com a finalidade de identificar na literatura disponível as contribuições sobre o assunto e levantar possibilidade e desafios para o ensino brasileiro de ciências e matemática. Resultados preliminares indicam que o ciclo de modelagem proposto pode desenvolver indicadores para alfabetização científica de diferentes naturezas.
Estética, subjectivação e pós-humano: do admirável ao sublime. Um passo atrás?
Authors: Baptista Maria Manuel Rocha Teixeira
Published: October 2016

Na senda dos processos de dessubjectivação levados a cabo por Marx, Freud e Nietzsche, o que defendemos nesta reflexão, seguindo as pistas deixadas em aberto por Luc Ferry (1991), é que a arte e os artistas contemporâneos têm, por múltiplas vias e sobretudo articulando e confrontando corpo e máquina, levado a cabo uma ressignificação da arte e da própria subjectividade. Este estudo pretende traçar alguns dos desenvolvimentos que a este propósito assistiu o século XX e já XXI através de um percurso que articula estética e subjectividade. Começando por colocar a arte entre ‘o coração e a razão’, faremos uma espécie de pré-história da estética ou a designada querela dos ‘cogita’, sublinhando em seguida a importância dos momentos Kantiano, Hegeliano e Nietzscheano na discussão desta temática. Em seguida abordaremos as questões relativas ao corpo maquínico, procurando utilizar as principais intuições estéticas kantianas para pensar as aporias e possibilidades do pós-humano. Concluiremos, assim, da necessidade de dar ‘um passo atrás em direcção ao Homem ou ao Ciborg-Homem’, que possa permitir ultrapassar o paradigma estético hegeliano e regresse às modalidades kantianas do juízo estético para pensar a arte contemporânea e os seus actuais desafios.
Langue des signes et administration de la justice: le cas des Seychelles
Authors: Gendrot Monique
Published: October 2016

Jusqu’en 2013-2014, les Seychelles sont un pays où aucun citoyen sourd ne pouvait être poursuivi ou poursuivre en justice, faute d’une accessibilité en langue des signes. L’article montre comment, sous l’impulsion d’un programme des Nations-Unies, s’est mise en œuvre la formation puis la constitution d’une équipe mixte interprètes langues vocales du pays/langue des signes seychelloise et médiateurs sourds. Il s’attache à exposer les problématiques rencontrées, dont entre autres une langue des signes en danger, non encore renseignée via un dictionnaire qui lui permette d’être reconnue, puis décline les solutions et les stratégies développées afin de les contourner, pour ensuite conclure sur les objectifs atteints.MOTS-CLÉ: Justice. Interprète. Langue de Signes. Seychelles. Médiateur sourd. Schématisation.
REDUÇÃO DE COMPORTAMENTO AUTOLESIVO EM UMA CRIANÇA COM DIAGNÓSTICO DE AUTISMO UTILIZANDO REFORÇAMENTO NÃO CONTINGENTE E TREINO DE MA
Authors: De Garcia Marcus Vinícius Fonseca , Oliveira Thais Porlan
Published: October 2016

O estudo buscou verificar a efetividade de um tratamento planejado com base em análise funcional experimental, visando reduzir o comportamento autolesivo [SIB] de um adolescente de 13 anos com transtorno do espectro de autismo, associado a deficiência intelectual, atendido em uma instituição brasileira. O procedimento envolveu expor o participante alternadamente a quatro condições que poderiam estabelecer ocasiões para a ocorrência de SIB, com registro da freqüência de respostas autolesivas. A intervenção foi realizada a partir da identificação da manutenção do comportamento por fuga. Foram planejados alguns procedimentos específicos destacando o reforçamento não contingente [NCR] e treino de mando no ambiente escolar, obtendo-se significativa redução da frequência de SIB. Conclui-se que procedimentos implementados a partir de análise funcional experimental mostram-se efetivos para a redução de SIB.Palavras-chave: comportamento autolesivo, autismo, análise funcional experimental, reforçamento não contingente, treino de mando
Immunodiagnostic potency of homologous antigens for natural Haemonchus contortus infection in small ruminants in plate and paperenzyme linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Kumar Niranjan , Das Bhupamani , Jadav Mehul M. , Solanki Jayesh  B.
Published: October 2016

The objective of this study was to characterize Haemonchus contortus antigens, and to standardize and evaluate indirect plate and dot-ELISA using homologous antigens in the small ruminants. Electrophoretic separation of somatic antigen in reducing condition on 15% polyacrylamide gel resolved into 16 proteins of molecular weight ranging from 14-100 kDa. Two step ethanolic extraction of the supernatant of in-vitro culture of H. contortus yielded excretory-secretory (E-S) antigen/ cathepsin L cysteine proteinase of molecular weight 28 kDa. The animals (Goats=103; Sheep=91) were broadly kept into post-mortem (PM) and faecal examined groups and further sub-grouped based on mono or multiply helminths infection. At many occasion, the somatic antigen found to cross reacts with other helminths parasites thus minimizing the specificity of the selected tests and antigens. There was no any direct correlation between the parasites load and ELISA reactivity pattern. The prevalence rate of haemonchosis was 55.7 (34/61) in goats/ 47.6 (40/84) % in sheep as per PM examination while it was 45.63 (47/103) in goats/ 41.76% (38/91) in sheep and 36.89 (38/103) in goats/ 35.16% (32/91) in sheep using E-S antigen based plate and dot-ELISA, respectively. With E-S antigen, the overall % sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of plate-ELISA was 89.74 (goats)/ 80.95 (sheep), 81.25 (goats)/ 91.84 (sheep), 74.47 (goats)/ 89.47 (sheep), 92.86 (goats)/ 84.91 (sheep), respectively while for dot-ELISA it was 66.67 (goats)/ 61.9 (sheep), 81.25 (goats)/ 87.76 (sheep), 68.42 (goats)/ 81.25 (sheep), 80 (goats)/ 72.88 (sheep), respectively, so the tests and E-S antigen can be recommended for the detection haemonchosis in the small ruminants.
The Association of Body Fat and Leisure Time Physical Activity Called into Question for Asian Indians
Authors: Sinnapah Stéphane , Antoine-Jonville Sophie , Hue Olivier
Published: October 2016

Objective: Thrifty genotypes may predis­pose to type 2 diabetes and body fat (%BF) excess through a differentiated relationship between physical activity and body fat. We explored this hypothesis in Asian Indians, a population thought to be thrifty.

Methods: Three hundred and nine Guade­loupian adolescents responded to the modi­fiable activity questionnaire. Their body fat was assessed by bioimpedancemetry. We first studied the relationship between %BF and leisure time physical activity (LTPA). We then explored the associations of ethnic­ity with this relationship in a subgroup of 93 Asian Indians matched with 93 controls for age, sex, and LTPA class. The alpha risk retained was .05.

Results: The analyses showed that Asian In­dians had higher %BF even when matched with controls for age, sex and LTPA quartile, and the relationship between LTPA and %BF observed in controls was not evidenced in Asian Indians.

Conclusions: The higher %BF in Asian In­dians remained significant even when they were matched with controls for age, sex and LTPA quartile, and their LTPA was not associated ‒ or was at least less robustly as­sociated ‒ with %BF. These findings are con­sistent with the hypothesis of thriftiness in Asian Indians, with the weaker relationship of high LTPA and low %BF a possible path to thriftiness.

Ethn Dis. 2016;26(4):485-492; doi:10.18865/ed.26.4.485
Proteolytic Mediators in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Gingivitis
Authors: Akcalı Aliye , Gümüş Pınar , Özçaka Özgün , Öztürk‐Ceyhan Banu , Tervahartiala Taina , Husu Heidi , Heikkinen Anna Maria , Sorsa Timo , Buduneli Nurcan
Published: October 2016

Background: This study evaluates levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8, MMP‐9, and tissue inhibitor of MP‐1 (TIMP‐1) in biofluids of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and systemically healthy counterparts with different statuses of periodontal health.

Methods: Seventy‐one women with GDM and gingivitis (Gg), 30 women with GDM and healthy periodontium (Gh), 28 systemically and periodontally healthy women (Hh), and 37 systemically healthy women with gingivitis (Hg) were evaluated. MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐1 levels were determined in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum by immunofluorometric and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Full‐mouth clinical periodontal parameters were recorded.

Results: GCF and serum MMP‐8 concentrations, serum MMP‐9 concentrations, and serum MMP‐8/MMP‐1 and MMP‐9/MMP‐1 molar ratios were significantly higher in Gg compared with Hg group (P <0.05). Serum MMP‐8 levels and salivary TIMP‐1 levels were higher in Gh compared with Hg group (P <0.05) whereas salivary MMP‐8/TIMP‐1 molar ratio was lower in Gh compared with Hg group (P <0.05). Elevated concentrations of GCF MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 were found in Gg compared with Gh group (P <0.05). Significant correlations were found between local levels of biomarkers and clinical periodontal parameters in only GDM group.

Conclusion: GDM may modulate both local and circulating levels of MMP‐8 especially when associated with gingivitis.
Effect of different irrigation strategies on vine physiology, yield, grape composition and sensory profile of Sauvignon Blanc (Vitis vinifera L.) in a cool climate area
Authors: Balint Gabriel , Reynolds Andrew G.
Published: October 2016

Aim: The impacts of partial root zone drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on soil moisture, vine water status, yield components, fruit composition and wine sensory profile of Sauvignon blanc were studied in a cool climate region.

Methods and results: Field experiments were conducted in a commercial Sauvignon blanc block in Ontario, Canada between 2006 and 2008. Treatments were: non-irrigated control, PRD, full irrigation [100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and one level of RDI (25% ETc). Treatments began immediately after fruit set and continued until the beginning of September. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was calculated using the Penman–Monteith equation. Soil moisture and vine water status (leaf water potential and transpiration rate) in the PRD treatments were generally less than in 100% ETc but higher than in non-irrigated and 25% ETc treatments. Almost all treatments were different than non-irrigated vines in fruit composition and wine sensory attributes. RDI strategies were more consistent across vintages than the PRD treatments in their effect on vine water status, grape composition and sensory profiles.

Conclusions: Use of RDI or PRD in cool climates during dry and warm years can improve grape composition. In very dry and hot seasons, like that of 2007, irrigation improved grape composition and wine aroma typicity. RDI enhanced fruity aroma attributes, which suggests that this could be a viable strategy to improve grape and wine quality in cool areas. However, due to high climatic variation over the period studied, no consistent pattern of irrigation effects was found for berry composition, suggesting that plant water status was not the only factor that controlled fruit and wine quality.

Significance and impact of the study: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first evaluation of PRD in a cool, humid climate, and highlights the potential value of both RDI and PRD irrigation techniques in cool climate regions, particularly during dry growing seasons.
Physicochemical composition of Cabernet-Sauvignon wine made from grapes affected by grape ripe rot
Authors: Miele Alberto , Rizzon Luiz Antenor
Published: October 2016

Aim: In the last years, grape ripe rot has been one of the most important diseases of the Serra Gaúcha vineyards, RS, Brazil. In order to determine its influence on wine quality, we studied the physicochemical composition of must and wine made from affected Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes.

Methods and results: The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with six treatments - musts containing 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20 % of affected grapes - and three replications. Grape musts were extracted from ripe fruits and wines were made in 20-L glass recipients. Polynomial regression analysis showed that ripe rot significantly increased the ºBrix, density, pH, and ºBrix/total acidity ratio of grape must. In wine, increases were observed for most variables evaluated except for density, absorbance at 520 nm, color intensity, and anthocyanins, which decreased.

Conclusions: These results show that grape ripe rot affects must and wine composition. The effect is more striking in wine, where it significantly reduces color. In this way, grape ripe rot should be prevented or controlled in the vineyards.

Significance and impact of the study: These results are important because they show the negative effect of grape ripe rot on wine composition and quality.
Measurement of grapevine canopy leaf area by using an ultrasonic-based method
Authors: Vitali Marco , Tamagnone Mario , La Iacona Tiziana , Lovisolo Claudio
Published: October 2016

Aim: Measurement of leaf area in grapevine has always been a critical point in researches focused on irrigation management, training systems, source-sink interrelationships and efficiency of spray application to canopies. In this work, we propose the use of ultrasonic sensors as a fast and accurate tool for the estimation of large portions of leaf canopy area.

Methods and results: Through outputs of ultrasonic sensors installed on a tractor moving along vineyard rows, we calculated an ultrasonic-based leaf density index that we correlated with three measurements or estimates of canopy area: I) direct measurement of the area of a canopy portion (LAØ), assessed by summing the areas of all the leaves, where each single-leaf area was assessed by regressing the leaf diameter (the maximum width perpendicular to the main rip) against the related leaf area calculated on the basis of a relation between the leaf diameter and the leaf area, previously assessed through an area meter on a 20-leaf sample; II) the point quadrat output (LApq); and III) the canopy leaf area index (LAI) obtained through LAI-2000 (Li-Cor) technology. The measurements were assessed on six cultivars in three replicate rows (8-12 plants per cultivar per row) in a vineyard trained to a vertical trellis system.

Conclusion: When we correlated the three independent control parameters with each other, we obtained highly significant correlations between LApq and LAØ, but less significant correlations between these two and LAI-2000 outputs. Also, the correlations between ultrasonic outputsoutputs and LAØ and LApq were significant, with R2 ranging between 0.84 and 0.85. On the contrary, no significant correlation was found between ultrasonic outputs and LAI-2000 outputs. These results were obtained by averaging all the values belonging to each replicated cultivar (10.5 m along the row, i.e., twelve contiguous vines); on the contrary, when the analysis was done over a shorter distance (3.5 m, i.e., four contiguous vines), the reliability of the ultrasonic-based method decreased.

Significance and impact of the study: These results point to the ultrasonic technology as a powerful tool to estimate large-scale leaf canopy area, with potential applications in precision farming. At the moment, however, the limitation of this approach is the requirement of reference values for leaf area (e.g., assessed by point quadrat) to obtain absolute and not only relative outputs. With this application we can quantify, in a few hours, the canopy of a whole vineyard, in order to analyze different vegetation zones or to follow canopy development.
Characterization of the nearly extinct ‘Albilla’ cultivar from Galicia and its relationships with other Spanish ‘Albillos’
Authors: Díaz-Losada Emilia , Cortés-Diéguez Sandra , Rodríguez-Torres Inmaculada , Mirás-Avalos José Manuel , Orriols-Fernández Ignacio , Pereira-Lorenzo Santiago
Published: October 2016

Aims: This work contributes to the knowledge of the genetic diversity of Vitis vinifera L. with the characterization of the non-referenced cultivar ‘Albilla’ by ampelographic description and molecular markers. This will be useful for the preservation, identification and propagation of this cultivar in the future.

Methods and results: Six microsatellites (SSRs), 55 OIV (International Organisation of Vine and Wine) morphological descriptors and 45 phylometric traits were evaluated in two accessions of ‘Albilla’ preserved in the Germplasm Bank of EVEGA (Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia), Xunta de Galicia. Additionally, we set out to determine whether this cultivar was distinct from the yet uncharacterized ‘Albillo’ cultivars found in the Canary Islands. These methods allowed us to describe the cultivar known as ‘Albilla’ and to compare it with other homonym cultivars.

Conclusions: The ‘Albilla’ cultivar is different from other genotypes denominated ‘Albillo’ and any other genotype described until now. This may indicate that it could be an autochthonous cultivar from Galicia.

Significance and impact of the study: The characterization of cultivars is still necessary in order to identify any homonyms or synonyms, develop measures for their conservation (germplasm collection) and evaluate their potential for producing quality wines.
A Rapid Magnetofluidic Micromixer Using Diluted Ferrofluid
Authors: Hejazian Majid , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: October 2016

Effective and rapid mixing is essential for various chemical and biological assays. The present work reports a simple and low-cost micromixer based on magnetofluidic actuation. The device takes advantage of magnetoconvective secondary flow, a bulk flow induced by an external magnetic field, for mixing. A paramagnetic stream of diluted ferrofluid and a non-magnetic stream are introduced to a straight microchannel. A permanent magnet placed next to the microchannel induced a non-uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field gradient and the mismatch in magnetic susceptibility between the two streams create a body force, which leads to rapid and efficient mixing. The micromixer reported here could achieve a high throughput and a high mixing efficiency of 90 % in a relatively short microchannel.
Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage Performance With Temperature-Dependent Properties—A Semianalytical Approach
Authors: Heidari M.. , Hejazi S. H. , Farouq Ali S. M.
Published: October 2016

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is one of the successful in-situ thermal-recovery methods for oil-sands production. In this paper, we provide a simple semianalytical model that can accurately analyze an SAGD project with variable properties. In particular, we investigate the effect of temperature-dependent properties such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and rock density on SAGD performance. The proposed model sequentially solves the transient nonlinear heat-transfer equation coupled with the continuity equation with Kirchhoff's transformation and the heat integral method (HIM). A criterion for timestep selection is defined on the basis of the Courant and Péclet numbers to guarantee the stability of the sequential technique. The results illustrate that the temperature-dependent physical properties affect temperature distributions ahead of steam chamber which consequently have a significant impact on the cumulative oil production and oil-production rate. Moreover, the results show that the temperature profile ahead of the steam chamber changes with time and space, and a 2D transient assumption for SAGD modeling is necessary. The semianalytical model runs in a small fraction of numerical-simulator runtime, yet it provides reasonable results. Thus, it has the potential to be used as a tool for quick SAGD evaluations.
A Wellbore/Formation-Coupled Heat-Transfer Model in Deepwater Drilling and Its Application in the Prediction of Hydrate-Reservoir Dissociation
Authors: Gao Yonghai , Sun Baojiang , Xu Boyue , Wu Xingru , Chen Ye , Zhao Xinxin , Chen Litao
Published: October 2016

On the basis of the wellbore and reservoir heat-transfer process during deepwater drilling, a heat-transfer model between wellbore and formation is built up for two different conditions: without riser and with riser. Wellbore and formation temperature distributions under different drilling-fluid-injection temperatures, flow rates, circulating times, and drilling depths are simulated by use of this model. Taking the hydrate-phase equilibrium into consideration, a possible region of hydrate-formation dissociation is analyzed, and effective methods are proposed to control the hydrate dissociation. The results indicate that, during shallow formation drilling, the increase of drilling-fluid flow rate will cause the wellbore temperature to rise, but below the hydrate-dissociation temperature in the whole process; during deep-formation drilling, drilling fluid is heated, and the heat is transferred from the deeper formation to the shallower formation through fluid circulation. Thus, the hydrate-reservoir temperature increases gradually along the wellbore radial direction. Hydrates will dissociate after the hydrate equilibrium temperature is reached; this may cause wellbore collapse or methane leak from the reservoir and result in disaster. To control hydrate dissociation during deepwater drilling, attention should be paid to the period of deep-formation drilling. Sensitivity studies indicate that the risk of hydrate dissociation rises as the drilling-fluid-injection temperature, flow rate, and circulating time increase.
The Soil Remembers
Authors: Janzen H. Henry
Published: October 2016

Core Ideas

Sustainability can only be measured over long time periods.

To evaluate sustainability, therefore, we need a way of keeping track—a memory.

Soil offers such a memory because the soil stays.

An underlying aim of soil science is to extract and describe soils' memories.

Terrestrial ecosystems worldwide face mounting stresses and upheavals, mostly from human demands and interferences. Our search for better ways of living on these lands, however, is constrained by a most vexing variable: time. The final outcomes of our management choices—well intended or not—will often fully emerge only after decades, when we are no longer there to see them. A way around this dilemma is to view a longer span of time by studying the land's own memories, notably those in the soil. Most ecosystem elements flicker and fade, much as we do, but the soil stays, … and the soil remembers. In this essay, I propose that the fundamental aim of soil science is to extract and describe the narratives embedded in soils' memories, and I ponder some ways of doing that. This guiding motive, perhaps, may offer hope not only for our science but also for our lands everywhere—on which we and those who follow us will always depend.
Different Asias, same problems: negotiating the state-user interface in surface irrigation in China and India
Authors: Nickum James E. , Mollinga Peter P.
Published: October 2016

This paper explores the dynamic interface of state-water users' relationships in large-scale surface irrigation in India and China, to inquire to what extent the issues encountered in large-scale irrigation management and governance are independent of regime characteristics. Though operating in very different overall political regimes, China and India exhibit strong similarities in the way a central state has attempted to relate with local water users, in the types of policy instruments deployed to shape that relationship, and in the problems encountered. Both China and India have a long history of state involvement in irrigation management. Both saw massive expansion after the late 1940s. The state then tried to extend its control in response to ‘underutilisation’ of the created infrastructure, revenue shortfalls and perceived inefficiencies and yield gaps. In recent decades the policy approaches have, at least rhetorically, emphasised water users' self-management and governance, including financial self-management/cost recovery. In both countries the instrument for this has been Water User Associations. Results have been mixed, to say the least, on all counts. Larger institutional and policy characteristics adhering to the problematic of the state-user interface subvert stated reform objectives.
Water pricing in China and India: a comparative analysis
Authors: Shen Dajun , Reddy V. Ratna
Published: October 2016

This paper explores the intricate issues that prompt water pricing reform in China and India. China adopts a comprehensive pricing framework of cost of resources, treatment and distribution, and environmental requirements, which has been gradually developed part by part since 1980 based on the perception and change of water issues in the country. India follows a simple approach of cost recovery, though its recent policy guidelines talk about more systematic pricing. The results present that both countries fail to realize water pricing policy targets regardless of different pricing structures. But China and India are on the same road and direction of water pricing and China goes a little farther. The treatment of water resources and its services, and property rights have a significant impact on pricing, and costs, including service, resources and environment, are difficult to recover.
Organizational and pedagogical conditions of training teachers in Primorye in the area of ICT
Authors: Dudko Victoria Valeryevna , Potapova Vera Yurievna
Published: October 2016

The article presents the organizational and pedagogical conditions of additional professional programs realization to improve teacher's training in information and communication technologies. Based on many years of practical experience their effectiveness is proved.
Structure of existence and development of the company
Authors: Karasheva Nurmira Kazakovna
Published: October 2016

In this paper, using the method of conditionality attempt to study the laws of development of human society. It was concluded that in any case the spiritual conditions in contrast to the material have an indirect impact on society, and the number of mediating factors can make certain adjustments to certain aspects of the information transmitted.
Shashmaqom as musical treasure-box of Uzbekistan
Authors: Yulchieva Munodjat
Published: October 2016

The author studied shashmakom bases by different methods, internally associated with each other: empiric and theoretical ones. The first way of becoming of canons came, foremost, from the practical tasks of one or another musical constructions, compositions and scale vaults creation. An initial step in the plan of musical systematization was authentication of withstand in practice melodious and rhythmic models. The deep founding of similar organizations essence certainly makes the realization of musical beginning units.
Pós-graduação em desenvolvimento regional no estado do Amapá: o caso do Mestrado em Desenvolvimento Regional da Universidade Federal do Amapá
Authors: Rebelo Porto Jadson Luís , Caldas Yurgel Pantoja , Lomba Roni Mayer
Published: October 2016

Este artigo descreve o papel do Mestrado em Desenvolvimento Regional da Universidade Federal do Amapá, criado em 2006, a fim de qualificar o debate sobre o desenvolvimento regional, a partir de suas (re)configurações territoriais e fronteiriças. O artigo busca compreender a dinâmica territorial amapaense com o intuito de amadurecer as pesquisas sobre o papel que a pós-graduação pode oferecer na produção de um conhecimento que leve efetivamente ao desenvolvimento regional. Para tanto, realiza um resgate histórico sobre o Amapá,chegando à importância da criação do Mestrado em Desenvolvimento Regional, seus avanços e suas perspectivas para o desenvolvimento regional. Os resultados apontam que o estado do Amapá ainda é deficitário na produção do conhecimento, fator que, em parte, o referido curso de mestrado tem conseguido suprir.
A elevação da qualidade da pós-graduação: uma proposta da Universidade Federal do Amazonas
Authors: Oliveira Selma Suely Baçal de , Oliveira Filho Emídio Cantídio de , Bentes Arone do Nascimento
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo tem como tema a gestão do ensino superior público. Constitui uma análise de iniciativa da Universidade Federal do Amazonas para a elevação da qualidade nos programas de pós graduação que oferece. O texto avalia, no âmbito de suas linhas, a proposta do Programa de Apoio à Consolidação e ao Avanço da Qualidadeda Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – PACPG/Ufam, que, em linhas gerais, estabeleceu como meta a conquista da excelência acadêmica da pós-graduação da Ufam. Trata da concepção de ensino superior e da administração dessa esfera do ensino público federal como catalisadora de uma cultura institucional cujos resultados sejam ricos em eficácia e eficiência acadêmicas.
A contribuição da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz para o ensino de pós-graduação na Amazônia Legal: experiências nos estados de Amazonas e Rondônia
Authors: Celedônio Fernandes Carla Freire , Schweickardt Júlio Cesar , Stabeli Rodrigo Guerino , Moraes Milton Ozório , Guilam Maria Cristina Rodrigues , Trindade Lima Nísia Verônica
Published: October 2016

A Amazônia Legal (AL) possui evidente iniquidade social expressa em diversos aspectos, inclusive na qualificação de recursos humanos e na produção de CT&I. Do ponto de vista do ensino de pós-graduação, enquanto o Sudeste oferece 46,6% dos programas stricto sensu no Brasil, apenas 5,27% situam-se na Região Norte. A AL é caracterizada por umverdadeiro mosaico étnico, cultural e por ser o mais importante bioma do planeta. Sua mega diversidade deve ser considerada para as proposições de políticas públicas e programas formulados para a redução das iniquidades locais. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o desenvolvimento, a valorização regional e a redução das assimetrias em CT&I, a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, em colaboração com instituições amazônicas, oferece cursos de pós-graduação lato e stricto sensu, ampliando, assim, a rede de formação de docentes, pesquisadores e técnicos para a região. O presente artigo busca relatar e discutir tais experiências, particularmente nos estados do Amazonas e de Rondônia.
Hybrid Forecasting Model Based Data Mining and Cuckoo Search: A Case Study of Wind Speed Time Series
Authors: Xu Xiangdong , Song Xi , Wang Qian , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Jing , Li Zhiru
Published: October 2016

Wind energy has been part of the fastest growing renewable energy sources that is clean and pollution-free, which has been increasingly gaining global attention, and wind speed forecasting plays a vital role in the wind energy field, however, it has been proven to be a challenging task owing to the effect of various meteorological factors. This paper proposes a hybrid forecasting model, which can effectively make a preprocess for the original data and improve forecasting accuracy, the developed model applies cuckoo search(CS) algorithm to optimize the parameters of the wavelet neural network (WNN) model. The proposed hybrid method is subsequently examined on the wind farms of eastern China and the forecasting performance shows that the developed model is better than some traditional models.
Propriedades químicas e rendimento da piramutaba (Brachyplastystoma vaillantii, Valenciennes, 1840)
Authors: Oliveira Pedro Roberto de , Damasceno José Maria B.
Published: October 2016

The piramutaba is specie processed and sold in the refrigerated frozen fillet. The present study was conducted to determine in the industry the yield and chemical composition of the fillet and the residue. About 20 samples were collected for the determination of the chemical composition of the fillet and the residue, average weight 1093,50 g. The yield data were calculated on the production line of industry fish, samples from 15 lots of the production line. The results show that the average yields were 33.3% for fillet without skin, 23.30% head and 43.34% for residue. The analysis of the chemical composition on fillet indicated 78.03% moisture, 15.72% protein, 5.83% lipid and 0.74% ash. Already residue was observed 70.33% moisture, 14.32% protein, 10.76% lipid, 1.54% ash. Based on the data obtained it can be concluded that the species is a piramutaba with both high fat content in the fillet, especially in the waste, and yield was within the range normally encountered in fish.
CFD simulation of gas-liquid floating particles mixing in an agitated vessel
Authors: Li Liangchao , Xu Bin
Published: October 2016

Gas dispersion and floating particles suspension in an agitated vessel were studied numerically by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The Eulerian multi-fluid model along with standard k-? turbulence model was used in the simulation. A multiple reference frame (MRF) approach was used to solve the impeller rotation. The velocity field, gas and floating particles holdup distributions in the vessel were first obtained, and then, the effects of operating conditions on gas dispersion and solid suspension were investigated. The simulation results show that velocity field of solid phase and gas phase are quite different in the agitated vessel. Floating particles are easy to accumulate in the center of the surface region and the increasing of superficial gas velocity is in favor of floating particles off-surface suspension. With increasing solids loading, the gas dispersion becomes worse, while relative solid holdup distribution changes little. The limitations of the present modeling are discussed and further research in the future is proposed.
Industrial application of gasoline aromatization and desulfurization technology in Hohhot refinery
Authors: Li Zixia , Ran Yin , Zhang Wenqi , Sun Wei , Wang Tinghai
Published: October 2016

Gasoline aromatization and desulfurization (GARDES) technology is extensively used in refineries of Petrochina, aiming to produce high quality ultraclean fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline. This article introduces the industrial application results on the hydrodesulfurization unit of the Hohhot refinery, which plays an important role in guiding next round gasoline upgrading. The characteristics and the principle of GARDES technology were elaborated by analyzing the distribution of sulfur and hydrocarbon compounds in the feed and product. The analysis results proved that the presence of broad ranged sulfur types in the feed can be removed at different stages. Olefin can be decreased by saturation and conversion into i-paraffins and aromatics. The sulfur content of the blend product can be limited under 10 mg/kg, showing GARDES technology has excellent sulfur removal ability. The olefin reduction can also satisfy the ever-increasing severe requirement about the olefin limitation, while the loss of research octane number (RON) can be minimized to an acceptable level. Furthermore, according to the demand of gasoline upgrading, GARDES technology has great flexibility by adjusting operation condition without any further investment, which brings more economic benefits for refinery.