bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black-odor water analysis and heavy metal distribution of Yitong River in Northeast China
Authors: Ji Xiyan , Zhang Weizhen , Jiang Mengqi , He Jian , Zheng Zheng
Published: June 2017

The black-odor mechanism of Yitong River was analyzed based on survey and monitoring results. We found that organic matter is the main pollution source of Yitong River and its tributaries. A black-odor evaluation model that can describe the pollution of the Yitong River water system was developed, and this model has the parameters I = 0.21 [CODCr] + 0.18 [DO] – 0.36[NH3-N] + 0.91. The model performance was satisfactory with a black-odor defining accuracy of 69%. Moreover, we found that CODCr, NH3-N, and DO are the influential factors of the Yitong River black-odor water body and that their threshold values when the water body transitioned to black odor were 109.2, 1.90, and 7.50 mg·L−1, respectively. We found that most of the Yitong River was polluted by six heavy metals, namely, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. We used the Nemerow method to calculate the heavy metal pollution degree of each sampling point and found that 60% of the points were seriously polluted. Furthermore, we drew the heavy metal pollution distribution map of the Yitong River. Finally, we proposed an effective measure called new-type multistep constructed wetland to improve the water quality of Yitong River.
Bed turbulent kinetic energy boundary conditions for trapping efficiency and spatial distribution of sediments in basins
Authors: Isenmann Gilles , Dufresne Matthieu , Vazquez José , Mose Robert
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a numerical tool for evaluating the performance of a settling basin regarding the trapping of suspended matter. The Euler-Lagrange approach was chosen to model the flow and sediment transport. The numerical model developed relies on the open source library OpenFOAM®, enhanced with new particle/wall interaction conditions to limit sediment deposition in zones with favourable hydrodynamic conditions (shear stress, turbulent kinetic energy). In particular, a new relation is proposed for calculating the turbulent kinetic energy threshold as a function of the properties of each particle (diameter and density). The numerical model is compared to three experimental datasets taken from the literature and collected for scale models of basins. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results permits concluding on the model's capacity to predict the trapping of particles in a settling basin with an absolute error in the region of 5% when the sediment depositions occur over the entire bed. In the case of sediment depositions localised in preferential zones, their distribution is reproduced well by the model and trapping efficiency is evaluated with an absolute error in the region of 10% (excluding cases of particles with very low density).
ZAKAZ OBCIĄŻANIA NIERUCHOMOŚCI POSAGOWYCH W RZYMSKIM PRAWIE KLASYCZNYM
Authors: Stępkowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2017

Prohibition of Creation of Real Security over a Dowry in Classical Roman LawSummaryLex Iulia de fundo dotali, as enacted in 18 BC, prohibited alienation of immovable property constituting a dowry. Three passages from the Justinian’s Com pilation inform that the lex Iulia also prohibited creation of a real security over the dowry immovables. The first passage, by Gaius (D. 23,5,4) says the lex Iulia prohibited the immovables to be either pledged or alienated (Lex Iulia, quae de dotali praedio prospexit ne id marito liceat obligare aut alienare). The other two passages come directly from Justinian and state that lex Iulia prohibited mortgaging (hypothecare) of dowry immovables even in case the wife accepted creation of such a security, whereas the wife’s consent enabled a lawful alienation thereof (C. 5,13,1,15; I. 2,8 pr.).The paper concentrates on two issues. The first is the very existence of the said prohibition in the classical Rom an law. The second one focuses on wife’s consent to the real security over her dowry, which - as Justinian claimed - had no legal effect.As concerns the first issue, analysis contained in the paper leads to a conclusion that the lex Iulia de fundo dotali did not expressly provide for the establishment of a real security over dowry. Nevertheless, evolution of the Roman jurisprudence in respect to pignus resulted in the 2nd century AD with the com m on agreement among jurists that the establishment of pignus enclosed also a tacit consent for alienation o f the thing given in pignus in case the debt was not paid. In this context a prohibition of alienation as contained in lex Iulia had to be understood as concerning also creation of the real security (pignus or hypotheca) over dowry immovables. Otherwise, lex Iulia could be circumvented by means o f establishment of a real security leading in fact to alienation.The above conclusion also allows to solve the second problem. Justinian’s statements that lex Iulia prohibited creation of a real security over dowry despite the wife’s consent are true exposition of the classical law in so far as Justinian thought about the consent to the establishment of the real security. It seems uncontroversial, the husband was able to create valid real security over dowry, if the wife consented to the alienation of a fundus dotalis. The wife’s consent to pledge the land being her dowry was not enough as the woman might not be conscious, that she consents to possible alienation.
ZAWARCIE ZWIĄZKU MAŁŻEŃSKIEGO PRZED KONSULEM (WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA)
Authors: Kremer Andrzej
Published: June 2017

Contracting A Marriage before a Consul (Some Legal Aspects)SummaryThe possibility of being married before a consul has been created both by the regulations of international public law, particularly by the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, as well as by the Polish law, including especially art 26 of the Act of the 13th Feb. 1984 on the Functions of a Consul of the Republic of Poland and art 1 § 4 of the Family and Guardianship Code as well as art. 60 of The Law on the Certificates of a Civil Status. These regulations entitle Polish citizens staying abroad to get married before a Polish consul. Nevertheless, they do not impose such a form of contracting a marriage.A man and a woman, who are Polish citizens staying abroad, can get married before a Polish consul or the other person designated to perform the functions of a consul. Such an opinion can be confirmed on the basis of current legal regulations. N obody doubted that art. 2 of the Family and Guardianship Code in its previous form confirmed that Polish citizens staying abroad could get married in accordance with lex loci celebrationis matrimonii being valid in the state of stay or before a Polish consul.It is always possible to choose between contracting a marriage according to the regulations of the state of stay before a local civil officer or before a consul. The only im portant condition for contracting a marriage before a consul is that it is not contrary to the laws of the state of stay of the people getting married.
SZCZEGÓLNE FORMY TESTAMENTU W PRAWIE WŁOSKIM
Authors: Waszczuk Jolanta
Published: June 2017

Particular Forms of a Testament in the Italian LawSummaryThis article presents a composite regulation regarding particular forms of a testament in the Italian law including its similarities and differences to the Polish law. It discusses the permissibility of drawing up a testament in a particular form. It also presents the process of its drawing up including the persons engaged therein and the procedure of confirming its content. The legal nature of the act a mortis causa is analysed in both legal systems, underlining the subsidiary character of the particular form of a testament and its limited time effect.
Artur Mezglewski, Henryk Misztal, Piotr Stanisz, Prawo wyznaniowe, Warszawa 2006, Wydawnictwo C. H. Beck, ss. 284
Authors: Borecki Paweł
Published: June 2017

Artur Mezglewski, Henryk Misztal, Piotr Stanisz, Prawo wyznaniowe, Warszawa 2006, Wydawnictwo C. H. Beck, ss. 284
ANTONI DĘBIŃSKI, Kościół i prawo rzymskie, Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin 2007, ss. 239
Authors: Kuryłowicz Marek
Published: June 2017

ANTONI DĘBIŃSKI, Kościół i prawo rzymskie, Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin 2007, ss. 239
The Application of Solar Cells in the Electrokinetic Remediation of Metal Contaminated Sediments
Authors: Varga Natasa S. , Dalmacija Bozo D. , Prica Miljana Dj. , Kerkez Djurdja V. , Becelic‐Tomin Milena Dj. , Spasojevic Jelena M. , Krcmar Dejan S.
Published: June 2017

In this study, solar cells were used to generate an electric field for the electrokinetic remediation of metal contaminated sediment (Nickel, Cadmium, Zinc). For determination of metals mobility, bioavailability and potential toxicity, sequential extraction procedure, simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) and acid‐volatile sulphide ratios (AVS) were performed before, during and after treatment.

After 21 days of treatment, 63% Ni, 82% Cd and 58% Zn was removed from the anode region. The application of the electric field changed the chemical composition of the sediments. The risk assessment analysis based on pseudo total metals content, the risk assessment code and the relationship between SEM and AVS, indicates that a simple singular approach for risk assessment analysis and evaluation of the quality of sediments is not enough.
USE OF REPEREN POLYMER MESHES IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PECTUS EXCAVATUM
Authors: Krupko A. V. , Bogos’Yan A. B. , Krupko M. S.
Published: June 2017

In patients with the I degree of pectus excavatum a retraction of the sternocostal complex is insignificant and does not influence the functional state of visceral organs. It is the elimination of a cosmetic defect that matters for such patients above all. There are various methods of aesthetic correction, still there is no consensus on how to perform an aesthetic thoracoplasty in patients with pectus excavatum. The purpose of this study was to develop a technique of aesthetic thoracoplasty with the use of Reperen polymer and to evaluate short-term results. Material and methods. From 2011 till 2013, 10 patients underwent thoracoplasty with the use of Reperen polymer meshes. All patients were male. At the time of the surgery their average age was 18.7 years (from 15 to 26 years old). The technique consists in laying molded Reperen mesh plates on the front surface of the sternocostal complex layer by layer. From 3 to 7 layers are formed. Results. The surgeries performed were successful. In all cases the postoperative period was smooth, with no complications observed. A good result accounted for 80% of the cases, a satisfactory result was observed in 20%. We did not observe any negative results. The implants installed were not removed, no excessive contouring was observed. Conclusion. A new technique of aesthetic thoracoplasty with the use of Reperen polymer plates was developed and implemented. It was found that this type of surgery is easily tolerable by patients, gives a good aesthetic result with a low risk of complications, and is characterized by a short hospital and rehabilitation period.
Changes in coagulation and lytic activity of the blood and tissues at the pelvic trauma during anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Vlasov A. P. , Shevalayev G. A. , Kremcheev R. R.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of our study was exploration of coagulation and lytic activity in blood and tissues during anticoagulation therapy in the early posttraumatic period in patients with pelvic bone fracture. The study was based on experiment researches using methods allowing to estimate coagulation activity in different tissues (skeletal muscles, liver, kidneys, heart, lungs) and blood at pelvic trauma during anticoagulation therapy. It was established that at pelvic trauma using anticoagulation therapy (fraxiparine) leads to hemostatic system modification in the early posttraumatic period. We observed fast decrease of a hypercoagulability in a blood plasma (organism level) and growth fibrinolytic activity. In liver, kidneys, heart and lungs tissues (organ level) we also registered correction the hemostatic disorders. However, the rate of these recovery processes in tissues is lower than in the blood. Especially low it was in skeletal muscles in the area of injury. Thus, it is proved that anticoagulant therapy at a pelvic trauma affects on the extrinsic coagulation pathway less than on the intrinsic coagulation pathway. The established regularity explains the risks of coagulation abnormalities in the early posttraumatic period during anticoagulation treatment.
Modern aspects of diagnostic and surgical treatment of patients with hip periprosthetic infection (review)
Authors: Pavlov V. V. , Sadovoy M. A. , Prokhorenko V. M.
Published: June 2017

Hip replacement is widespread surgical procedure in orthopedic surgery. Nether the less, the main and most costly problems in replacement of large joints with socially significant losses are infectious complications. The aim of this review is to analyze available data dedicated to infectious complications in orthopedy and to extract basic principles of diagnostics and treatment of the hip joint implant infection. It could be stated that early diagnostics and precise identification of causative agent, including evaluation of the microbiological, clinical, diagnostic imaging, immunological, histological and biochemical parameters, and also an adequate to the collected diagnostic data choice of surgical tactics and antibiotic treatment are the important components of successful treatment of periprosthetic infection.
Arthroscopic treatment of secondary rotator cuff damage after shoulder hemiarthroplasty (case report)
Authors: Dokolin S. Y. , Kuzmina V. I.
Published: June 2017

Anatomical shoulder arthroplasty is an effective treatment for patients with primary deforming arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and aseptic necrosis of the humeral head. However this kind of surgery is associated with high risk of complications, and within five-year follow-up the incidence of complications increases. The authors described a clinical case illustrating one of these complications - secondary rotator cuff damage after shoulder hemiarthroplasty. The tear was verified using radiological methods and arthroscopy. They performed arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using suture anchors in order to alleviate pain and preserve shoulder functions. If there are no signs of endoprosthetic instability and coracoacromial ligament is preserved, arthroscopic treatment of such damages extends the time of limb function preserving the endoprosthesis. Patients should not raise their arms above the horizontal level.
Comunicar la diferencia: un proyecto radial realizado en México por personas con experiencias de internamiento psiquiátrico. Entrevista a Sara Makowski
Authors: Clara Mercedes
Published: June 2017

Una radio en el jardín de la universidad. Un lugar donde personas con distintos trayectos biográficos se encuentran para vivir una experiencia de comunicación. Una polifonía de voces que crea lazos, genera diálogos, rompe estereotipos y produce inclusión social. Sara Makowski, socióloga y doctora en antropología, coordina la propuesta multimediática Radio Abierta, en la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana de México, que es llevada adelante por personas que han experimentado sufrimiento mental. En esta entrevista, realizada en el marco de su visita a la Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Makowski compartió los aprendizajes, alcances y desafíos que implica “comunicar la diferencia”.
Ispitivanje mogućnosti uklanjanja sintetskih boja u mikroreaktorskim sistemima
Authors: Dajić Ana , Mihajlović Marina , Mijin Dušan , Jovanović Jovan , Jovanović Mića
Published: June 2017

Boje spadaju u klasu opasnih zagađivača životne sredine. Česta upotreba sintetskih boja u tek-stilnoj industriji za posledicu ima velike količine obojene otpadne vode. Pre ispuštanja otpadne vode u recipijent, vodu je potrebno prečistiti i njen kvalitet dovesti do nivoa propisanog zakonom. Procesi prečišćavanja otpadnih voda te vrste nisu jednostavni i podrazumevaju korišćenje raznih hemijskih agenasa, čijom upotrebom se voda dodatno zagađuje. U ranijim radovima, prikazana je uspešnost obezbojavanja otpadne vode iz tekstilne industrije, zagađene sintetskom bojom Reactive Orange 16, mikroreaktorskim stemima upotrebom razblaženih rastvora NaOCl. Ovaj rad bavi se ispitivanjem mogućnosti obezbojavanja simulirane otpadne vode iz tekstilne industrije zagađene sintetskim bojama Basic Yellow28 i Acid Blue 111, u mikroreaktorskim sistemima, korišćenjem razblaženih rastvora NaOCl.
La estrategia me-too: un producto semejante con un nombre distintivo ubicado junto al líder
Authors: Arboleda Arango Ana Maria , Duque Roa Natalia , Escobar Saa Andrea
Published: June 2017

Este estudio explica la probabilidad de confusión del consumidor por el uso de la estrategia me-too en función de tener empaques con un nombre de marca distintivo y ubicar al me-too junto al líder de la categoría. Para esta evaluación se utilizó la categoría de papas fritas cuyo líder del mercado es Margarita y se creó un producto me-too: Fristas. A través de un experimento se manipularon dos variables: tener un nombre de marca distintivo en el empaque (ausente vs. presente) y ubicación en góndola (junto al líder vs. me-too solo). Los resultados muestran que tener un nombre de la marca distintivo en el empaque afecta la probabilidad de confusión, de tal forma que la presencia del nombre de la marca disminuye la probabilidad de confusión. Además, cuando el producto me-too está solo hay una mayor probabilidad de confusión que cuando está junto al líder. Este estudio confirma la importancia de que los empaques cuenten con una marca distintiva. Y su principal aporte está en demostrar que la ubicación de un producto me-too junto al líder de la categoría es una práctica acertada al prevenir la confusión del consumidor.
Liderazgo del docente y niveles de empoderamiento de los estudiantes en un seminario de prácticas comunitarias de una universidad pública argentina
Authors: Silva Peralta Yamila Fernanda , Gandoy Franco , Jara Carolina , Pacenza María Pacenza Inés
Published: June 2017

Esta investigación descriptiva transaccional tiene como finalidad el conocimiento del liderazgo y empoderamiento en el marco de las prácticas comunitarias desarrolladas en una universidad pública argentina teniendo en cuenta los distintos tipos de liderazgo de los docentes tutores y como se asocian con los niveles de empoderamiento de los estudiantes. Se administraron el MLQ 5x (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire) de Avolio y Bass (2004) y Learner Empowerment Scale de Frymier et al. (1996) a 32 estudiantes que cursaban durante el 2014 las prácticas comunitarias. Los resultados muestran que altos niveles de empoderamiento de los estudiantes se asocian con altos niveles en las dimensiones de liderazgo laissez-faire y transaccionales de los docentes tutores y particularmente con la dimensión transformacional Estimulación Intelectual; las restantes dimensiones transformacionales (Consideración Individual, Motivación Inspiracional, Influencia Idealizada como Comportamiento e Influencia Idealizada como Atributo) recibieron bajas puntuaciones. Esta investigación impacta en el diseño, planificación y puesta en marcha de este tipo de prácticas comunitarias curriculares en universidades argentinas, porque aporta elementos para el desarrollo de habilidades de coordinación de los docentes tutores y favorecen el empoderamiento de los estudiantes cursantes.
A bruxa na Elegia I, 8 de Ovídio: representação do imaginário literário ou popular?
Authors: Costa Elisabete Da Silva
Published: June 2017

Na elegia I, 8, Ovídio apresenta a personagem da lena. A lena era uma figura que não só povoava o imaginário literário latino – temos exemplos dessa personagem nas elegias de Tibulo e Propércio – como também era uma figura real, fazendo parte do mundo da prostituição. Ela, geralmente, era uma velha, a qual algumas jovens, cortesãs de alto nível e que gozavam de luxo e certa considerações, consultavam. Ela costumava aconselhar essas moças para que arrumassem amantes ricos, ensinando-as a serem refinadas e a explorarem sabiamente os seus encantos e talentos. Elas sabiam essas coisas porque “eram, em geral, ex-cortesãs, cujos encantos foram levados pela idade e procuravam lucrar com os amores de suas protegidas”, afirma Pierre Grimal (1991: 146). 
Péricles e a peste: o corpo da pólis ou o corpo e a pólis
Authors: Santoro de Souza Amato Rosangela
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho trata da Oração Fúnebre de Péricles, em que é feito um elogio a Atenas e aos atenienses, em contraposição ao relato da peste e os efeitos desta sobre as relações entre os indivíduos e a estrutura da pólis, ambos no livro II da Guerra do Peloponeso de Tucídides. 

Pericles and the plague: the body of the polis or the body and the polis

Abstract

This paper discusses Pericles’ Funeral Oration, in which there is an eulogy of Athens and the Athenians, in opposition to the narration of the plague and its effects on the inter-individual relationships and the structure of the polis, both in the book II of Thucydides’ Peloponesian War.

Keywords: Pericles, Thucydides, Funeral Oration, plague, Peloponesian War 
OMENA, Luciane Munhoz de. Pequenos poderes na Roma Imperial: os setores subalternos na ótica de Sêneca. Vitória: Flor & Cultura, 2009.
Authors: Klain Belchior Ygor
Published: June 2017

Resenha: 

OMENA, Luciane Munhoz de. Pequenos poderes na Roma Imperial: os setores subalternos na ótica de Sêneca. Vitória: Flor & Cultura, 2009. 
The Roles of Cycloxygenase and Endothelial Derived Hyperpolarizing Factors in Bradykinin-Induced Aortic Relaxation
Authors: Omar Ali Z. , Maulood Ismail M.
Published: June 2017

The present study is designed to investigate the roles of cycloxygenase (COX) and endothelial derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF) pathways in bradykinin (BK)-induced aortic relaxation. Here, isolated aortic rings pre-incubated with different ion channel blockers which are; inward rectifier potassium channel blocker (barium chloride; BaCl2), calcium activated Potassium (KCa+2) channel blocker (tetraethylammonium; TEA), cytochrome P450 inhibitor, clotrimazole and cycloxygenase inhibitor and indomethacin. In BaCl2, Emax tended to decrease significantly with significant change of PIC50. TEA pre-incubation markedly shifted DRC of BK to the left side and it significantly reduced PIC50. Indomethacin significantly lowered the PIC50 of BK, but it shifted the DRC of BK to the left.  The results suggested that BK relaxes aortic smooth muscle particularly via the enhancement of cycloxygenase and epoxygenase enzymes as well as through opening Kir and KCa+2channels.
Fenton Degradation of Fast Green Dye
Authors: Mohammad Salim Haydar A. , Omar Jaafar A. , Dirbas Amir T.
Published: June 2017

The degradation of commercial textile dye named fast green (FG) was investigated by Fenton reagent under different operating conditions in an aqueous solution. The operating conditions were amount of hydrogen peroxide (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mL), pH (2-12) and concentration of ferrous ion (10, 20 and 30 mg). The initial rate of degradation was affected by the concentration of Fenton reagents [Fe(II) and H2O2 solution]. The rate of degradation enhanced as the concentration of ferrous ion increased. As the ferrous ion concentration increased from 10 to 30 mg, the removal percent was increased from 73% to 89%, respectively, at 25 min of reaction time. Also, the removal percent of FG increased from 74 % to 81 % as the amount of H2O2 increased from 0.05 to 0.15 mL, respectively, at 25 min of reaction time. It was also found that at pH 3 removal percent reach maximum value with 91.8%.  The kinetic study of FG degradation was also studied in this work and the results indicated that the degradation kinetics of FG followed the first-order kinetic.
Flow Injection Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide with Peroxyoxalate Chemiluminescence Detection
Authors: Jamil Lazgin A. , Faizullah Azad T. , Saleem Parween H.
Published: June 2017

This study reports a new, rapid and sensitive flow injection analysis (FIA) with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection (PO-CL) for determination of hydrogen peroxide through merging zone principle. Di (N-Succinimidyl) oxalate was applied for the first time as peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reagent. The CL was produced by the oxidation of Di (N-Succinimidyl) oxalate by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a fluorescent compound, (9, 10 Bis phenyl ethynyl anthracene) and imidazole as a catalyst. Various parameters associated with this flow system were studied and essential optimizations were carried out. Calibration graph was constructed for determination of hydrogen peroxide in the range (0.02-0.34 mol.L–1) with correlation coefficient (R2) (0.982).The method was applied successfully for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in commercial pharmaceutical products and in tap water.
Prognosis of Liver Disorders in Dna Positive Hbv Patients Based on Fuzzy Soft Sets
Authors: Mohammed Ramadhan A. , Salih Ahmed M. , Mirza Muayad A. , Ismail Tahir H. , Allam Ahmed A.
Published: June 2017

Liver disease and disorders are serious public health burdens because of the high prevalence among populations worldwide and poor long-term clinical outcome. The outcomes of the disease include deaths from liver decompensation, cirrhosis and HCC. Many liver diseases, including chronic HBV and HCV infection, ALD, NAFLD, autoimmune liver disease and drug-induced liver disease (DILI), potentially threaten a large proportion of the global population. The fuzzy soft set principle theory has been used for the developing of a diagnostic system in medicine and devise a prediction system named as fuzzy soft expert system which is a rule-based system uses fuzzy set and fuzzy soft set. There are five main components included in the basic structure, they are: (1) A fuzzication that translates the inputs (real-values) into fuzzy values, (2) obtaining fuzzy sets, (3) changing in to fuzzy soft sets, (4) reduction of normal parameter of fuzzy soft sets, (5) output data by algorithm. Fifty two individuals suspected and managed as HBV patients were involved in this study.All of them were attending liver diseases unit at Azadi teaching hospital in Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. They were being managed by the herpetology specialist as HBV infected patients. Their parameters (Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Total Serum Albumin (Alb.), and Total Serum Bilirubin (T.S.Bil.)), were used as input data and the score of each patient was calculated. The developed fuzzy soft expert system was used to obtain the score for each as prognostic model for liver disorders. The score of 10 of those patients are selected and compared with the clinical status of each base on signs and symptoms of the HBV infection. Score more than 101.844 was considered to be highly linked with HBV infection. Scores less than 101.844 was considered to be not related to HBV infection.
Trend Analyses of Emergency Medical Services for Motor Vehicle Crashes: Michigan Case Study
Authors: Kumar Anil , Abudayyeh Osama , Fredericks Tycho , Kuk Megan , Valente Michelle , Butt Kaylie
Published: June 2017

The timely response of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel at a crash site may help prevent loss of life and thereby impact the quality of life for an individual at risk. Thus, availability of and access to quantitative data on EMS activities is critical. This study was conducted to review the data collected by the Michigan Department of Community Health, Emergency Medical Services Section, from a five-year period starting in 2010. The intent was to identify current EMS response, treatment, and transport trends. Among the results noted in this paper, it was identified that on average, the total times involved from the dispatch call to the drop-off of a patient from a motor vehicle collision (MVC) in Michigan were approximately 56 and 43 min for rural and urban areas, respectively. The results from this study could be utilized to guide and direct future EMS initiatives relating to MVCs. The analysis might also be beneficial in predicting the types of injuries that occur in specific types of vehicle crashes. Several challenges and recommendations are provided in the paper.
Bender Elements Successfully Quantified Stiffness Enhancement Provided by Geogrid–Aggregate Interlock
Authors: Byun Yong-Hoon , Tutumluer Erol
Published: June 2017

Lateral restraint is a primary mechanism of geogrid base reinforcement contributing to the performance improvement of flexible pavements, and the interlocking between the geogrid and aggregate is responsible for stiffness enhancement in a zone formed around the geogrid. A novel application of bender elements is introduced: as shear wave transducers for quantifying local stiffness increase in the vicinity of a geogrid. Several triaxial test specimens of a dense-graded granite-type aggregate were prepared at two moisture contents for resilient modulus testing. Reinforced specimens also included a punched and drawn geogrid piece placed at specimen midheight. Two pairs of bender elements installed on the membrane at two heights enabled measurement of shear waves horizontally across the specimen. Shear wave velocities and axial resilient strains were recorded under the applied stress states. The test results show that the resilient modulus of the reinforced specimen was similar to that of the unreinforced one tested at the same moisture content. In contrast, the shear moduli obtained at midheight of the reinforced specimen were always greater than those obtained from the unreinforced specimen, indicating a local stiffness increase in the vicinity of the geogrid. In the reinforced specimens, the shear moduli obtained near the upper end were always less than those obtained from the specimen midheight. The small-strain shear modulus determination by bender elements was effective for evaluating the stiffness enhancement provided by geogrid–aggregate interlock.
Full-Scale Testing of Geosynthetic-Reinforced, Soil-Integrated Bridge System
Authors: Saghebfar Milad , Abu-Farsakh Murad Y. , Ardah Allam , Chen Qiming , Fernandez Benjamin A.
Published: June 2017

This paper focuses on the preliminary results of static load tests that were conducted on a geosynthetic-reinforced, soil-integrated bridge system (GRS-IBS) in Louisiana. Sixteen loading tests that used two fully loaded trucks were conducted on the instrumented GRS-IBS bridge. The bridge was surcharge loaded to stress levels well in excess of working load conditions. To evaluate the performance of the GRS-IBS abutment under different load tests, various types of instrumentation were installed; these included shape accelerated arrays, pressure cells, strain gauges, piezometers, and thermocouples. The primary measurements were the horizontal deformations near the front wall, vertical deformation of the GRS abutment, distribution of stresses in the GRS abutments and below the reinforced soil foundation, and distribution of strains along the geosynthetic reinforcements. Measurements from the instrumentation provided information needed to verify design factors and parameters for the GRS-IBS abutment. The bridge settlement and lateral movement of the facing wall were within the serviceability level; this result demonstrated excellent load-carrying capacity of the GRS abutment. The locus of maximum strains in the abutment varied by the surcharge load and did not correspond to the (45 + ϕ/2) line, especially when the surcharge load was placed at the bridge. The results of the load test revealed that the GRS-IBS bridge responses to the load tests were well within the serviceability limits, and the overall performance of the GRS-IBS was within acceptable tolerance in terms of measured strains, stresses, settlements, and deformations.
Prognostic significance of intraoperative change in the fractional anisotropy and the volume of the optic chiasma during resection of suprasellar tumors
Authors: Metwali Hussam , Giordano Mario , Kniese Katja , Fahlbusch Rudolf
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to test the prognostic significance of intraoperative changes in the fractional anisotropy (FA) and the volume of the optic chiasma and their correlation with visual outcome.

METHODS

Twenty-eight sequential patients with suprasellar tumors presenting with chiasma compression syndrome were surgically treated under intraoperative MRI control between March 2014 and July 2016. The FA and the volume of the optic chiasma were measured immediately before and immediately after tumor resection. The visual impairment score (VIS) was used to quantify the severity of the ophthalmological disturbances before surgery, 10–14 days after surgery, and again 3 months thereafter. The change in the FA and the volume of the optic chiasma was correlated to the improvement of vision. The correlation between other predictors such as the age of the patients and the duration of symptoms and the visual outcome was tested.

RESULTS

The VIS improved significantly after surgery. The FA values of the optic chiasma decreased significantly after decompression, whereas the volume of the optic chiasma increased significantly after decompression. The early and delayed improvement of vision was strongly correlated to the decrease in the average FA and the increase of the volume of the optic chiasma. The duration of symptoms showed a significant negative correlation to the visual outcome. However, the decrease in the FA showed the strongest correlation to the improvement of the VIS, followed by the expansion of the optic chiasma, and then the duration of symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

The decrease in the FA and the expansion of the optic chiasma after its decompression are strong early predictors of the visual outcome. These parameters are also able to predict delayed improvement of vision.
Ophthalmological Evaluation of Integrated Resistance and Aerobic Training During 70-Day Bed Rest
Authors: Taibbi Giovanni , Cromwell Ronita L. , Zanello Susana B. , Yarbough Patrice O. , Ploutz-Snyder Robert J. , Godley Bernard F. , Vizzeri Gianmarco
Published: June 2017

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated ophthalmic changes in healthy individuals who underwent integrated resistance and aerobic training (iRAT) during 70-d 6° head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest (BR).METHODS: Participants were selected using NASA standard screening procedures.
Standardized NASA BR conditions were implemented. Subjects were randomly assigned to the iRAT protocol or no exercise during HDTBR. Weekly ophthalmic examinations were performed in the sitting (pre/post-BR only) and HDT (BR only) positions. Mixed-effects linear models compared pre- and post-HDTBR
intraocular pressure (IOP), Spectralis OCT circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness, and peripapillary retinal thickness observations between groups.RESULTS: Six controls and nine exercisers completed the study. There was an overall effect of BR on our outcomes.
Except Goldmann IOP (mean pre/post difference in controls and exercisers: −0.47 mmHg vs. +1.14 mmHg), the magnitude of changes from baseline was not significantly different between groups. There was a +1.38 mmHg and a +1.63 mmHg iCare IOP increase during BR in controls and exercisers,
respectively. Spectralis OCT detected a +1.33 μm average cpRNFL thickness increase in both groups, and a +9.77 μm and a +6.65 μm peripapillary retinal thickening post-BR in controls and exercisers, respectively. Modified Amsler grid, red dot test, confrontational visual field, color
vision, and stereoscopic fundus photography were unremarkable.CONCLUSIONS: HDTBR for 70 d induced peripapillary retinal thickening and cpRNFL thickening without visible signs of optic disc edema. The magnitude of such changes was not different between controls and exercisers. A
slight IOP increase during BR subsided post-BR. Further study should evaluate whether different physical exercise paradigms may prevent/mitigate the risk of space-related visual impairment.Taibbi G, Cromwell RL, Zanello SB, Yarbough PO, Ploutz-Snyder RJ, Godley BF, Vizzeri G. Ophthalmological
evaluation of integrated resistance and aerobic training during 70-day bed rest. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(7):633–640.
A Viscosity-Based Model for Bubble-Propelled Catalytic Micromotors
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chi Qingjia , Liu Lisheng , Liu Qiwen , Bai Tao , Wang Qiang
Published: June 2017

Micromotors have shown significant potential for diverse future applications. However, a poor understanding of the propelling mechanism hampers its further applications. In this study, an accurate mechanical model of the micromotor has been proposed by considering the geometric asymmetry and fluid viscosity based on hydrodynamic principles. The results obtained from the proposed model are in a good agreement with the experimental results. The effects of the semi-cone angle on the micromotor are re-analyzed. Furthermore, other geometric parameters, like the length-radius aspect ratio, exert great impact on the velocity. It is also observed that micromotors travel much slower in highly viscous solutions and, hence, viscosity plays an important role.
Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Ent-Labdane Derivatives of Salvic Acid (7α-Hydroxy-8(17)-ent-Labden-15-Oic Acid): Effect of Lipophilicity and the Hydrogen Bonding Role in Bacterial Membrane Interaction
Authors: Echeverría Javier , Urzúa Alejandro , Sanhueza Loreto , Wilkens Marcela
Published: June 2017

In the present study, the antibacterial activity of several ent-labdane derivatives of salvic acid (7α-hydroxy-8(17)-ent-labden-15-oic acid) was evaluated in vitro against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. For all of the compounds, the antibacterial activity was expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in liquid media and minimum inhibitory amount (MIA) in solid media. Structure activity relationships (SAR) were employed to correlate the effect of the calculated lipophilicity parameters (logPow) on the inhibitory activity. Employing a phospholipidic bilayer (POPG) as a bacterial membrane model, ent-labdane-membrane interactions were simulated utilizing docking studies. The results indicate that (i) the presence of a carboxylic acid in the C-15 position, which acted as a hydrogen-bond donor (HBD), was essential for the antibacterial activity of the ent-labdanes; (ii) an increase in the length of the acylated chain at the C-7 position improved the antibacterial activity until an optimum length of five carbon atoms was reached; (iii) an increase in the length of the acylated chain by more than five carbon atoms resulted in a dramatic decrease in activity, which completely disappeared in acyl chains of more than nine carbon atoms; and (iv) the structural factors described above, including one HBD at C-15 and a hexanoyloxi moiety at C-7, had a good fit to a specific lipophilic range and antibacterial activity. The lipophilicity parameter has a predictive characteristic feature on the antibacterial activity of this class of compounds, to be considered in the design of new biologically active molecules.
City Sovereignty: Urban Resistance and Rebel Cities Reconsidered
Authors: Filipcevic Cordes Vojislava
Published: June 2017

The article argues for an increase in de facto already claimed city sovereignty. It situates the discussion, first in the historical context of city-state relationships, and second, in the current urban crises in the United States tied to the sanctuary city movement, then examines legal grounds for devolution of power to cities, before discussing the legal concepts of “urban commons” and “city power”, finally outlining constraints facing increasingly sovereign cities. The article argues that current legal literature on “urban commons” and “city power” needs a stronger normative lens and better conceptualization of urban inequality, redistribution, and publicness. Moreover, if cities are to assume greater capacity to govern and to ensure life, liberty, and the sustainability of their populations, they have to overcome serious constraints in the four domains outlined in the article: (1) surveillance and control of urban space, (2) privatization of public space, (3) the rise of the luxury city, large-scale developments, megaprojects, and (4) homelessness.
Case Studies of Rising Damp Treatment in Historical Buildings
Authors: Guimarães A.S. , Delgado J.M.P.Q. , de Freitas V.P.
Published: June 2017

Salt damage can affect the service life of numerous building structures, both historical and contemporary, in a significant way. Therefore, various conservation methods have been developed for the consolidation and protection of porous building materials exposed to the salt attack. As any successful treatment of salt damage requires a multidisciplinary attitude, many different factors such as salt solution transport and crystallization, presence and origin of salts in masonry, and salt-induced deterioration are to be taken into account. The importance of pre-treatment investigations is discussed as well; in a combination with the knowledge of salt and moisture transport mechanisms they can give useful indications regarding treatment options.Another important cause of building pathologies in buildings is the rising damp and this phenomenon it is particularly more severe with the presence of salts in water. The treatment of rising damp in historic building walls is a very complex procedure. At Laboratory of Building Physics (LFC-FEUP) a wall base hygro-regulated ventilation system was developed. This system patented, HUMIVENT, has been submitted to laboratorial monitoring and to in situ validation and a numerical simplified model was developed to facilitate the practical application. Having in mind the practical application of scientific and technological knowledge from Building Physics to practice, this paper presents the design of the system (geometry, ventilation rate and hygrothermal device), the detailing and technical specification of its different components and information about the implementation in three types of buildings: a church, a museum and a residential building.
Thermal Behaviour of Polymer Composite Reinforced with NiTi Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Araújo Mota C.A. , Cavalcanti Leal A.S. , Araújo C.J. , Barbosa de Lima A.G. , Moura da Silva K.B.
Published: June 2017

Shape memory alloys (SMA) are materials with metallic characteristic able to recover a geometric shape previously established under heat effect. This differentiated property, combined with the mechanical characteristic allows its use in many industrial situations. Active composites are produced with the polymeric matrix and wire of shape memory alloy, combining the elastic properties of the composite and characteristics of the phase transformation, martensite and austenite of SMA with memory alloy effect. The phase transformations that occur in the alloy are thermal processes, characterized by an increase in temperature during processing. The heat is transmitted for matrix, resulting in loss of mechanical properties of the composite. In this context, this paper aims to numerically analyze heat transfer in an epoxy resin polymer matrix incorporating Ni-Ti alloy wire with shape memory effect using ANSYS CFX software.
Acoustic Benefits of Ecofriendly Spent Tea Leaves Filled Porous Material
Authors: Wong Kylie , Ahsan Qumrul , Putra Azma , Sivarao Subramonian , Mohamad Noraiham , Mohd Nor Mohd Jailani
Published: June 2017

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of spent tea leaf (STL) fiber as an eco-friendly sound absorbing material. STL fiber is a by-product which was extracted from tea plant. STL are rich in polyphenols (tannins) which cause high resistance to fungal and termites, and high resistance to fire. In addition, STL are hollow and cellular in nature and thus perform well as acoustic and thermal insulators. Three different grades of STL were studied and the acoustic property was analyzed in terms of sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss. Experimental measurements of sound absorption coefficient in impedance tube are conducted. It was found that finest STL fiber grade exhibits better acoustic performance among others. Furthermore, the effect of latex binder on the acoustic property of STL fiber was also analyzed. Results suggest that the types of binder such as polyurethane and latex influenced the acoustic performance of STL fiber.
Pediatric pleural empyema: one of the management challenges in children of Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Simbi Kibwe Alphonse , Kazadi Valentin , Aissi Louis-Marie , Katsuva François Mbahewaka , Luboya Numbi Oscar , Tshilolo Léon , Zanardo Vincenzo
Published: June 2017

Empyema is a serious complication characterized by purulent exudate and bacteria in the pleural space, which may progress to necrosis, cavitations or fistulas in the thoracic cavity. It remains a major challenge throughout low-income countries. Objectives were to emphasize the role of basic medical and radiologic approach and to resolve a severe lung complication when facilities are inadequate. A five-year-old female was referred with distress respiratory to the Emergency Unit of Monkole, a large public-private missionary hospital in Kinshasa, Congo. Chest X-ray showed a massive empyema that was resolved by immediate drainage and antibiotiocs. Results were rapid improvement and discharge after 3 weeks. A classic medical and imaging approach is a winning return in low-income countries. According to the British Thoracic Society guidelines, pleural effusion with compromising respiratory function can be managed by drainage and antibiotics.
Sharing an integral Christian worldview with a younger generation: Why and how should it be done and received?
Authors: Van der Walt Bennie J.
Published: June 2017

This investigation discusses the question how an older generation should transfer to or share their own worldview with a younger generation. For various reasons this has become a problem today. One is the inability of some of the old guard to share their perspective on and way of life with the youth. Another factor is that the Christian youth of today is strongly influenced by contemporary cultural tendencies, often incompatible with a biblically based worldview. The question how a worldview should be transferred as well as how it should be received is of equal and crucial importance to ensure that an age-old, valuable tradition does not become the living worldview of the dead and the dead worldview of the living. Therefore, answers to the following questions should be found: (1) What is the essence of such a worldview to be shared? (2) Why should it be shared? (3) How should it not be done? (4) What are the prerequisites for effective sharing? (5) What are the typical characteristics of the young receivers, the group today called Generation Y, Me, or the Millennials (those born between about 1980–2000)? (6) How should this group of emerging adults receive such a heritage? The abstract above mentions the six questions to be answered by both the older and younger generation when they seriously try to share a Christian worldview. What follows is an attempt to provide answers to these problems.
Los estrategas y gestores del populismo moderno (SIGLOS XVI-XVIII)
Authors: De Almeida Santos Joao , Cavadas Gormaz Maria José , Timoteo Alvarez Jesús
Published: June 2017

En el Renacimiento y para siglos posteriores, gigantes del pensamiento diseñaron una sociedad nueva en torno a la utopía y estructuraron el poder en una simbiosis entre aristocracia y plebe. Convirtieron a la mayoría (el pueblo) en cortesanos, inmaterializando con ello la tiranía. Una de las claves es la implantación de una mentalidad que hoy llamamos “populista”, de aceptación gozosa de la tiranía a lo largo de la Era Moderna. En este artículo analizamos el proceso, los instrumentos y el método del cambio. Y encontramos dos grupos de responsables: uno que podemos definir como “estrategas”, capaces de sustituir la Inquisición por la sutileza de la seducción. El segundo, “gestores”, encargados de concebir manuales para generalizar una mentalidad de “príncipes” entre la gleba, los “siervos” y la plebe. Un impresionante grupo de “marketers” políticos, similares a los actuales “spin doctors”.