bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapter 7: The Rights of European Minorities in the Fields of Participation, Citizenship, and Transfrontier Exchanges—International Developments in 2022
Authors: Korpics Fanni , Vizi Balázs
Published: November 2024

The report offers an overview of international developments in 2022 relating to the rights of European national or ethnic, religious, and linguistic minorities and indigenous peoples linked to participation, citizenship, and transfrontier exchanges. The activities of the major international organisations and bodies are covered in this article, such as the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, and the European Union. Special attention is paid to the implementation of the two international treaties: the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
Chapter 11: Minorities and Minority Rights as a Problem for Populist Politics—The German Minority in Poland—A Case Study
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Marek
Published: November 2024

At the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022, for the first time since the democratic breakthrough of 1989, legislation was introduced into Polish law that overtly discriminated against a specific social group. The implemented changes affected the sphere of teaching German as a national minority language. Under an administrative procedure, the pool of public funds that had been used to finance the teaching of this language, as well as the number of teaching hours, was reduced. The background and political justification for the changes was the desire to exert pressure on the German authorities to improve the quality and level of funding for Polish language teaching in Germany. The article is an attempt to present the problem from a historical and political perspective by defining the motives and effects of implementing this discriminatory legislation, from an international perspective by placing it in the space of Polish-German relations, and also from a systemic perspective by characterising the legal and financial mechanisms for supporting national and ethnic minorities in Poland.
Chapter 12: The Parliamentary Representation of Minorities in Hungary
Authors: Dobos Balázs
Published: November 2024

In its recent decision published on 11 November 2022, the European Court of Human Rights found that the preferential system that had been in practice since the 2014 elections to ensure the contribution of national minorities to the work of the Hungarian parliament had violated minority members’ voting rights. Considering the often-contentious nature of the main legal provisions and institutional solutions of the country’s minority policy, it is hardly surprising that the newly-established system of electing minority spokespersons and MPs in the increasingly illiberal regime has also triggered serious debates regarding their elections, status, and practical activities since even the early 2010s. Therefore, the questions arise as to how the Orbán regime designed and used this system of minority representation, whether it represents effective participation in public life in accordance with the international standards of minority protection, whether minority organizations themselves were interested in electoral mobilization, and how minorities perceive and approach these structures in practice. To address these issues, the major aim of the paper is to present and analyse this new field of ethnic voting in the parliamentary elections between 2014 and 2022, the key and controversial points, as well as the future prospects for the minorities’ parliamentary participation and preferential representation. In doing so, parliamentary electoral data are compared with the results of another main institutional channel of participation, the elections of the minority self-governments, which are the local variant of non-territorial autonomy in Hungary.
Why Association?
Authors: Bhagwat Ashutosh
Published: November 2024

Although the text of the United States Constitution does not protect a constitutional right of association, it was understood to do so (via the Assembly Clause of the First Amendment) as far back as the 1790s. In 1958 the US Supreme Court confirmed that the First Amendment protected a right of association. However, the Court subsequently limited that right to expressive associations, because it treated the association right as subordinate to free speech. This doctrinal move was inconsistent with the history and purposes of the right. The right of association in the US is historically linked to democratic self-governance; but associations advance democracy in a myriad of ways including, but not limited to, enhancing the ability of citizens to participate in public discourse. Recognizing this fact should lead to protecting an expansive right to associate. This understanding also supports two controversial aspects of the US associational right: the right to discriminate, and protection for subversive associations.
Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae), a variable, shrubby, and completely tomentose species from Madagascar, with reference to its horticultural derivatives
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: November 2024

The Malagasy Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) is a variable, tomentose, and shrubby species from which numerous morphological variants have been selected as cultivars. Other variants are distributed under monikers presented as cultivar names, but it is likely that at least some of these have not been established as such under the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP or Cultivated Plant Code). The monikers therefore variously serve as common names only, or as trade designations, which are not regulated by the ICNCP. Only a few of the established cultivar names, notably K. ×edwardii ‘Fang’ and K. ×edwardii ‘Roseleaf’, were derived from hybrid material of which K. tomentosa, the species itself, therefore, is one parent. An overview is presented of as many as possible of the widely used, established and apparently not established, names usually presented as cultivar names that apply to material derived from K. tomentosa. A large selection of these is illustrated. Three Groups are established under K. tomentosa, based on the predominant colour of the tomentum that cover the ad- and abaxial leaf surfaces. The Groups are: (1) K. tomentosa Silvery White Group; (2) K. tomentosa Reddish Brown Group; and (3) K. tomentosa Greenish Golden Group. One new cultivar is described.
A New Timber Species of Amanoa (Phyllanthaceae; Phyllanthoideae) Endemic to Colombia’s Montane Forests and Critically Endangered, with an Updated Key for the Species of the Genus
Authors: VILLANUEVA-TAMAYO BORIS , BRAVO LINA M. CORRALES , AYMARD-CORREDOR GERARDO A.
Published: November 2024

Amanoa tolimensis, a critically endangered new timber tree species from Andean forests of Colombia is described, illustrated, and its distinctive morphological structures are displayed through a Lankester plate. A. tolimensis is recorded so far in montane forests over sandy-clay soils of “Bosque de Galilea” Regional Natural Park, an area located on the western flank of the eastern mountain range of Tolima department. This new species belongs to a small group within the genus characterized by the presence of an androphore, and presents morphological similarities with A. almenrindae. The latter, is a shrub to small tree from black water periodically flooded forests and savannas of Rio Negro basin of Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. This new species is a tree 24 m tall, with branches and inflorescence lenticellate, with a ferruginuous tomentum, presenting differences in shape and size in leaves, petioles, pedicels, sepals, ovary, and the pistillate flowers are pedicellate. Additionally, habitat, phytogeographical information, a distribution map, and data about its conservation status are included. An updated identification key for the neotropical species of Amanoa is also provided. This new species represents the first report of this genus in Colombian Andes, and the first endemism of this genus for the country. Amanoa tolimensis is under pressure from logging in some areas of the park, and urgent protection of the species is needed.
Six new species and a key to 12 species of the genus Diochus Erichson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Staphylininae, Diochini) from India, Nepal and Pakistan
Authors: HUANG TIAN , JANÁK JIŘÍ , ZHOU HONG-ZHANG
Published: November 2024

This paper presents taxonomic studies of the genus Diochus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Staphylininae, Diochini) of Bhutan, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Pakistan and Thailand. Six new species are described: Diochus cameroni Huang, Janák & Zhou, sp. nov., D. emarginatus Huang, Janák & Zhou, sp. nov., D. setatus Huang, Janák & Zhou, sp. nov., D. setifer Huang, Janák & Zhou, sp. nov., D. keralanus Huang, Janák & Zhou, sp. nov. and D. ceylonicus Huang, Janák & Zhou, sp. nov. Six previously described species are revised here: D. guizhouensis Shuai, Nozaki & Tang, 2021 is recorded from India, Thailand and Myanmar for the first time; D. conicollis (Motschulsky, 1858) is recorded from Myanmar; and D. punctipennis (Motschulsky, 1858), D. ochraceus Cameron, 1926, D. antennatus (Motschulsky, 1858), D. bicoloripennis Coiffait, 1981 are redescribed based on the examination of type material. Lectotypes of Diochus major Kraatz, 1859 (synonym of D. conicollis (Motschulsky, 1858)), D. indicus Kraatz, 1859 (synonym of D. antennatus (Motschulsky) and Rhegmatocerus punctipennis Motschulsky, 1858 (valid name Diochus punctipennis (Motschulsky, 1858)) were designated. All species are illustrated and included in a key.
Quantifying and Visualizing Severe Thunderstorm Motion Uncertainty for Improved Decision Support
Authors: Ash Kevin D. , Williams Christopher L. , Feemster Caley M. , Bunkers Matthew J. , Demuth Julie L. , Morss Rebecca E. , Bowser Felecia , Karstens Christopher D. , Nietfeld Daniel
Published: November 2024

Forecasts and observations of thunderstorm motion are key components of severe thunderstorm communication and decision support for preparedness and protective behaviors, as all National Weather Service (NWS) Storm Prediction Center (SPC) convective watches and NWS warnings contain information about storm translational speed and direction of motion. The goal of this research was to quantify uncertainty in thunderstorm motion using the information contained in NWS watch and warning products. Analyzing severe thunderstorm and tornado watches and warnings from 2008 to 2020, we matched and compared forecasted storm motions given in NWS warnings with those given in SPC watches. Translational speed deviations between watches and warnings exhibited symmetry, with about one-third of warning speeds falling within ±2.5 m s−1 of forecasts. Directional deviations were also symmetrical, with one-third of warning directions within ±9° of forecasts. However, when stratified to account for translational speed, the comparisons revealed greater directional uncertainty for slower-moving storms. Temporal analysis revealed faster and rightward translations in warnings during the latter half of watch durations. Using the distributions of speed and directional deviations, we developed new visualizations to represent both mean storm motion vectors and associated uncertainty sectors, aiding the interpretation of motion uncertainties. Quantifiable storm motion uncertainty also can inform estimated ranges of storm arrival times, potentially enhancing NWS communication and decision support with key partners and a range of publics for safer outcomes during severe weather events.

Significance Statement

Severe thunderstorms are a frequent phenomenon in the United States, threatening lives and property. The goal of this research was to expand on deterministic forecasts of thunderstorm motion by quantifying uncertainty for translational speed and direction of movement. Using the results of the uncertainty analyses, we visualized a forecast motion vector together with a motion sector that showed how much variability in motion is likely based on past forecasts in NWS watch and warning products. The results demonstrated how the motion uncertainty sectors varied according to the forecasted speed, with greater directional uncertainty at slower speeds and reduced directional uncertainty at faster speeds. Findings from this study can improve forecast communication and decision support for stakeholders who use NWS convective watch and warning products.
Misery Needs Company: Contextualizing the Geographic and Temporal Link between Unemployment and Suicide
Authors: Lee Byungkyu , Pescosolido Bernice A.
Published: November 2024

Despite long-standing evidence linking higher unemployment rates to increased suicide rates, a puzzling trend emerged in the United States after the Great Recession: suicide rates continued to rise even as unemployment rates declined. Drawing on theories of social networks and reference groups, we advance the concept of “sameness”—in this case, the extent to which an individual’s employment status aligns with the fate of others in one’s community—to clarify how unemployment rates influence suicide. Constructing a multilevel dataset of U.S. suicide deaths from 2005 to 2017, we find that while unemployed individuals face a higher risk of suicide compared to the employed, this gap diminishes in communities with high local unemployment rates. Moreover, the “sameness” effect extends beyond geographic contexts to temporal ones, as national unemployment spikes reduce suicide risk among the unemployed and diminish the importance of local sameness. Together, these findings suggest a mechanism of “situational awareness,” whereby local and national economic contexts shape the meaning of unemployment, shifting its interpretation from personal failure to system failure and reducing its stigma. Our article offers a novel framework for examining the effects of cross-level interactions in suicide research, highlighting the crucial role of culture as deeply intertwined with social network mechanisms in shaping contextual influence.
Paranasal Sinus Mucoceles With Intraorbital and Intracranial Involvement: A Case Series Analysis and Surgical Outcomes Assessment
Authors: Chowdhury Raisa , Aldajani Ahmad , Almhanedi Hamad , Al Majid Dana , Tewfik Marc A. , Himdi Lamiae
Published: November 2024

Background:

Paranasal sinus mucoceles, by virtue of extension into the orbit or cranial vault, can lead to significant ocular, nasal, or neural complications. There is limited comprehensive data on the presentation, management, and outcomes of cases with intraorbital or intracranial extension. A thorough analysis is essential to enhance clinical practices and improve patient outcomes.

Objective:

This retrospective case series investigates the clinical presentations, radiological features, and surgical outcomes of 10 patients with paranasal sinus mucoceles exhibiting intraorbital or intracranial extensions.

Methods:

Ten diagnosed cases of paranasal sinus mucoceles with intraorbital or intracranial extensions, as identified on CT or MRI imaging, were selected and retrieved from the electronic database of an academic-affiliated hospital from July 2013 to December 2023. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with IBM SPSS version 23.0 software.

Results:

The study revealed a mean patient age of 65 years, with females (60%) affected more than males (40%). The ethmoidal and frontal sinuses were predominantly involved, with varied clinical symptoms ranging from periorbital pain to visual disturbances. Radiologically, CT and MRI scans depicted extensive sinus involvement, often with intraorbital (50%), intracranial (20%), or combined (30%) extensions. Surgical interventions, primarily endoscopic sinus surgery, resulted in favorable outcomes, including symptom resolution, minimal complications, and no recurrence.

Conclusion:

This case series emphasizes the importance of thorough preoperative evaluation, individualized surgical approaches, and vigilant postoperative care in managing mucoceles with orbital and cranial involvement. Further research with larger cohorts and extended follow-up periods is essential to refine treatment strategies and enhance patient outcomes for this complex pathology.
The Macroeconomic Determinants of Exchange Rate Volatility and the Impact of Currency Volatility on the Performance of the Nigerian Economy
Authors: Oyadeyi Olajide O.
Published: November 2024

This article explored the determinants of exchange rate volatility in Nigeria and the effects of exchange rate volatility in influencing macroeconomic performance in Nigeria using quarterly data from Q1 1986 to Q4 2023. This article achieved its objectives using a battery of statistical and econometric techniques including autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH), non-linear generalised ARCH and the novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) techniques. The findings revealed that ARCH and nonlinear generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity effects influenced exchange rate volatility. Furthermore, the findings showed that the monetary policy rate, average lending rate, oil prices, government expenditure and financial development are all significant determinants of exchange rate volatility in Nigeria. In addition, the findings revealed that exchange rate volatility had significant effects on Nigeria’s macroeconomy. Finally, this article recommended that the monetary authorities institute policies that will ensure a limit within which the exchange rate can fluctuate to better predict economic outcomes and control the general price level in Nigeria. Therefore, the priority lies in ensuring that exchange rates are stable and predictable due to the import-dependence nature of its economy.

JEL Codes: E31, E58, F31, F32, F33, F43, F62
Adaptive sliding mode H∞ control for discrete time-varying singular systems with deception attacks
Authors: Zhang Qian , Tian Yongxiao , Qi Ping , Liu Caiyun
Published: November 2024

This paper studies the problem of adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) for discrete time-varying singular systems (DTVSSs) with deception attacks. The deception attacks that make the system unstable are modeled as an unknown nonlinear function. Firstly, some sufficient conditions for ensuring the admissibility with H ∞ performance of the system are given. Secondly, a novel method is proposed to solve the controller gain. Thirdly, to estimate the unknown parameter in upper bound of deception attacks, an adaptive SMC law is established to assure that the reachability of sliding surfaces can be achieved and the effect of deception attacks on the system is weakened. Finally, the developed method is verified by two examples.
Lobster Diplomacy: Nova Scotia and the Provincial Role in Canada-China Relations
Authors: Fraser Patrick Ronald
Published: November 2024

This article concerns the increasingly significant role of subnational entities in international relations, using Nova Scotia's engagement with China as a case study. It highlights the period from 2010 to 2023, during which Nova Scotia leveraged its key export—lobsters—to establish and deepen economic and diplomatic ties with China, thereby carving out an influential role in the broader Canada-China relationship. The article provides an overview of subnational diplomacy's growing importance in international relations. The theoretical framework centres on subnational actors in global diplomacy and examines how Nova Scotia pursued independent diplomatic efforts with China, focusing on economic interests. The case study investigates lobster exports as the cornerstone of Nova Scotia-China relations, driving both economic benefits and diplomatic engagement. Finally, it touches on the economic outcomes for Nova Scotia and the political dynamics between federal and provincial authorities, concluding with broader implications for Canada's foreign policy and subnational actors in international diplomacy.
Optimization of low-velocity impact behavior of FML structures at different environmental temperatures using taguchi method and grey relational analysis
Authors: Dündar Mustafa , Uygur İlyas , Ekici Ergün
Published: November 2024

Carbon fiber-reinforced Aluminum Laminate (CARALL) is a new generation of Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) material. This study investigates the low-velocity impact behavior of CARALL structures at different environmental temperatures (−40°C, 23°C, and 80°C). Two different groups of CARALL composite structures with varying fiber orientations were produced by hot pressing in a 3/2 arrangement: C1 (Al/0°90°/Al/90°0°/Al) and C2 (Al/0°0°/Al/0°0°/Al). Low-velocity impact tests were conducted at 23 J, 33 J, and 48 J energy levels using a Ø20 mm spherical impactor tip. The area of damage was detected by ultrasonic C-Scan. In addition, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to reveal the influential parameters and their effect levels. After conducting experiments using the Taguchi L18 test set, it was observed that the C2-coded specimen yielded better results in terms of maximum peak load, maximum displacement, and damage area. While the decrease in temperature increased the damage and maximum peak load, the increase in temperature did not cause a significant change in the maximum peak load. The primary damage mechanisms observed in damage investigations were matrix cracks and delamination between composite layers. Although delamination is present between the Al/CFRP layer, it is not significant. According to ANOVA results, impact energy was the most effective parameter for maximum impact force, maximum displacement, and damage area, with contribution rates of 81%, 74%, and 76%, respectively. The optimal experimental conditions (23°C temperature and 23 J impact energy with the C1-coded sample) were determined using grey relational analysis based on principal component analysis.
Unveiling the Role of Classroom Climate in Chinese EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Emotional Exhaustion and Attrition
Authors: Mai Yilin
Published: November 2024

There is substantial research supporting the role of workplace atmospheres in English-as-a Foreign-Language (EFL) teachers’ emotions and classroom practices. However, the degree to which (if any) classroom climate may affect teachers’ specific emotional exhaustion and/or job attrition has not been addressed. To fill this gap, in this qualitative study, we used a semi-structured interview with 39 Chinese EFL teachers of various backgrounds to better understand the role of classroom climate in its relationship to teachers’ emotional exhaustion and attrition, including teachers’ perceptions of causative factors in these relationships. Thematic analysis revealed teachers’ claims that both emotional exhaustion and attrition were prevented by a positive classroom climate. However, in the context of negative classroom climates, the participants believed that both variables might be worsened. Furthermore, EFL teachers’ reported that their emotional exhaustion and job attrition were caused by a wide range of specific teacher-related, work-related, and workplace-related (contextual) factors. We discuss these findings and their implications for EFL practitioners and policy-makers, and we recommend measures to deal with teachers’ emotional exhaustion and attrition in the EFL context.
Unit-Based Correlates of Marginal Food Insecurity Among US Soldiers
Authors: Krattiger Alison D. , Bliese Paul D. , Adler Amy B.
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

Although studies have addressed food insecurity among veterans, few have focused on active-duty soldiers or on variables associated with the military occupational context. We examined the link between marginal food insecurity (defined as anxiety over food sufficiency or shortage of food in the house) among US soldiers and demographic, behavioral health, and unit-related factors.

Methods:

We analyzed survey data from 6343 active-duty soldiers using χ2 tests, generalized linear mixed-effect models, and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) to identify significant differences between soldiers categorized as marginally food insecure versus those who were not.

Results:

In a fully adjusted model taking unit into account, marginal food insecurity was associated with preferring not to report gender (vs reporting being male) (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.08-1.78), being married/in a relationship (vs being single) (AOR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06-1.40), junior enlisted rank (vs noncommissioned officer: AOR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.37-0.54; and vs officer: AOR = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.09-0.19), less time in unit (vs more time) (AOR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99-1.00), screening positive for depression (vs not) (AOR = 2.67; 95% CI, 2.30-3.11), screening positive for hazardous drinking (vs not) (AOR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.11-1.63), and lack of reported unit-related social support (vs support) (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.45-0.59).

Conclusions:

In this sample, more than 1 in 5 US soldiers reported marginal food insecurity. In addition to supporting households with financial and food assistance and targeting junior enlisted personnel, policy makers and leaders should prioritize soldiers who are married or in a relationship, who are new to their unit, and who screen positive for depression and hazardous drinking, and they should encourage units to take care of unit members who need support. Policy makers and leaders can use these study results to direct prevention and early intervention initiatives.
Internet Devices and Internet Access Among Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers, North Carolina, 2023
Authors: Lee Joseph G.L. , Roby Mary , Cofie Leslie E. , LePrevost Catherine E. , Harwell Emery L. , Reed Elisabeth C. , Nieuwsma Julianna , Bloss Jamie E. , Anderson Griffin C. , Santillán-Deras Jocelyn R. , Moore Modjulie A. , Ketterman Elizabeth , Russell Roger G.
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

Migrant and seasonal farmworkers work in rural areas where internet access may be limited. We assessed internet access, cost of access, and devices available to farmworkers through a statewide survey in North Carolina.

Methods:

During the 2023 agricultural season, we surveyed 1034 migrant and seasonal farmworkers during routine outreach visits in partnership with community health workers employed by 8 community health centers or by nonprofit health service agencies serving farmworkers in North Carolina. We surveyed participants aged ≥18 years by using time–venue sampling and surveyed up to 5 farmworkers at migrant housing locations. We weighted participants to the total population of farmworkers living in surveyed housing and calculated frequencies and percentages of internet access, internet speed, internet cost, available internet devices, and awareness and use of the Affordable Connectivity Program—a program that was run from 2021 through May 31, 2024, by the Federal Communications Commission to make internet access more affordable in the United States. We assessed predictors of internet access and ability to use online videos by using regression models.

Results:

Participants were predominantly Spanish-speaking men who lived in housing provided by farm owners. Among participants, 9.8% had internet connections with a cable or digital subscriber line, and 23.5% did not have consistent internet access. Most participants used cellular network internet (84.9%) and mobile phone devices (93.9%). Even among farmworkers who lived in their housing year-round, few had heard of (34.4%), applied to (4.8%), or used (2.0%) the Affordable Connectivity Program.

Conclusions:

Interventions are needed to increase internet access and digital inclusion for migrant and seasonal farmworkers in North Carolina. Development of state and county broadband infrastructure should consider farmworker housing.
Antecedents of Social Performance in Tourism and Hospitality Firms: The Role of Employee Resilience, Transactive Memory Systems, and Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: Prayag Girish , Chowdhury Mesbahuddin , Kanani Moghadam Venus
Published: November 2024

Tourism and hospitality firms generally recover from crises but the resources and capabilities they leverage to maintain social performance remain elusive. Embedded in the resource-based view of the firm, we argue that psychological resources, such as employee resilience, and knowledge embedded in teams, through a transactive memory system, as well as dynamic capabilities can sustain social performance during crises. We test this proposition on a sample of 350 UK tourism and hospitality firms that survived the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from partial-least square structural equation modeling and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis identify different combinations of employee resilience, transactive memory systems, and dynamic capabilities that can boost social performance. Theoretically, micro and meso-level organizational resources and capabilities are intertwined in shaping social performance during crises. Managerially, recommendations on how to improve employee resilience in a way that boosts team knowledge, dynamic capabilities and ultimately social performance are offered.
Opinion on the Importance of Sharing Toxicologic Pathology Data for Educational and/or Scientific Purposes
Authors: de Rijk Eveline , Cole Phaedra , Frisk Anna-Lena , Gervais Frederic , Lensen Joost , Lenz Barbara , Mecklenburg Lars , Pasello Dos Santos Flavia , Romeike Annette , Ross Catherine
Published: November 2024

Sharing pathology data is critical for educational and scientific purposes. Since most pharmaceutical or (agro)chemical companies outsource nonclinical safety assessment studies to contract research organizations (CROs), the pathology data of those studies are not owned by the investigator but is the legal property of the respective company sponsoring the work. Although some companies have installed policies that govern sharing of pathology data, many companies generally do not allow the external use of data by either the CRO-based study pathologist or the sponsor pathologist. Policies for governing the external use of data vary significantly. In this article, we present an overview of the different approaches taken across different companies (CROs, pharmaceutical/chemical companies, or other institutes) for sharing pathology material for educational and/or scientific purposes. The results of a survey and interviews with legal departments of different companies will be presented (anonymously) and discussed. In addition, the importance of sharing pathology data is addressed, as well as the challenges and opportunities this presents. Suggestions will be provided regarding what material should be made available and what will be needed to achieve agreement for this to happen.
Adaptation, Validation, and Feasibility Evaluation of Mindful Standing Yoga Combined with Baduanjin for Older Patients with Primary Osteoporosis
Authors: Lyu Fang Fei , Ramoo Vimala , Chui Ping Lei , Ng Chong Guan
Published: November 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to adapt, validate, and evaluate the feasibility of a mindful exercise program (Mindful Standing Yoga combined with Baduanjin) for older patients with primary osteoporosis.

Methods:

The study was conducted in 3 stages. Stage 1 involved a qualitative focus group discussion with 6 experts to gather perspectives on modifying the exercise program. Stage 2 used a Delphi approach with another 6 experts to validate the program. In Stage 3, a feasibility study was conducted with 20 eligible patients (out of 23 initially enrolled) at a traditional Chinese medicine hospital, using a single-group pre- and posttest design. The strenuousness of the adapted exercise was assessed through heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Its effects were measured using the Global Pain Scale (GPS), the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire—Short Form (FFMQ-SF), the Tampa Kinesiophobia-11 Scale, and the Timed Up and Go test. Patient satisfaction and feedback were also collected.

Results:

The modified program, consisting of 9 movements and taking 30 min to complete, was validated by experts as suitable, safe, and effective for practice. HR and RPE measurements confirmed it as a low-intensity exercise and not strenuous for the study population. The program significantly improved back pain and mindfulness in the feasibility study, with most participants expressing satisfaction with the protocol.

Conclusion:

Experts and participants affirmed that the program was appropriate and satisfactory for older patients with primary osteoporosis, particularly those with back pain. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to validate its effectiveness.
An overview of Roberto Celestino Corral Ruso’s contributions from the Vygotsky Chair / Semblanza de los aportes de Roberto Celestino Corral Ruso desde la cátedra Vygotski
Authors: Beatón Guillermo Arias , Elejalde María Milagros Febles , Chávez Odalys Roche , Tocabens Belkis Echemendía
Published: November 2024

In this article, a group of colleagues and friends of Roberto Corral Ruso share information regarding his experiences with the cultural-historical approach as a conceptual framework for addressing psychosocial problems. Reflecting on his legacy, we highlight his role in the Vygotski Chair, established at the University of Havana since 1998. We conclude with a recognition of his contributions to cultural-historical psychology in Cuba.
Phosphorus-modified Zr-based metal-organic framework materials for their effective removal of thorium from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhuang Yinghao , Sun Shuai , Jia Kai , Shi Lei , Yang Xiangshan
Published: November 2024

Thorium is a promising nuclear fuel; however, even a small amount in nuclear wastewater can cause significant radioactive pollution. Therefore, it is urgent to develop effective adsorbents for the efficient removal of thorium to solve this problem. Herein, the phytic acid modification of carboxylated Zirconium-based metal-organic framework materials (UiO-66-COOH-PA) has been obtained by rapid high-temperature carbonization, which exhibits excellent performance in removing thorium (IV) in acidic aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacity of UiO-66-COOH-PA-2 (with 40% mass ratio of phytic acid) in solution reaches 315.5 mg/g at a pH of 4, which is more than twice that of the unmodified Zr-based metal organic framework (MOF) material. The adsorption kinetics of UiO-66-COOH-PA on thorium has been analyzed using two different isothermal adsorption models, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm adsorption models. It turns out that the Freundlich model is more suitable for the data. The thorium adsorption process reaches dynamic equilibrium very quickly, while the adsorption dynamics of UiO-66-COOH-PA on thorium follows the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model. The excellent adsorption performance of UiO-66-COOH-PA-2 at low pH values indicates that adsorption material containing phosphorus is suitable for the removal of thorium especially in acidic systems. It also exhibits excellent selectivity (up to 90.2%) for Th(IV) adsorption in the presence of several coexisting rare-earth ions. Overall, the integration of phosphorus-modified in Zr-MOFs represents a significant advancement in thorium adsorption technology, offering a pathway toward more effective management of radioactive acidic waste liquid.
Optimizing the properties of nano WC-10Co-4Cr HVOF coatings by using RSM
Authors: Basiri MH , Mosallaee M
Published: November 2024

One of the limitations of using tungsten carbide nanoparticles in the HVOF coating method is decarburization of these particles during the coating operation. These unwanted changes lead to severe drop in coating properties. Optimized effective HVOF parameters is one of the solutions to control this issue. In this article, HVOF effective parameters (oxygen flow rate, powder flow rate and spray distance) were optimized using RSM (response surface methodology) to control this phenomenon and achieve optimum hardness, deviation of hardness and bending strength. The results showed that oxygen flow rate has the greatest effect on hardness and hardness deviation, while spray distance has the most influence on bending strength. In order to obtain optimal properties, in oxygen flow rate: 858 lit/min, distance: 34 cm and powder flow rate: 82 gr/min, the highest hardness (>1270HV0.1) and strength (cracking bending angle <80 degrees) and the lowest hardness deviation (<17HV0.1) reached with more than 92% probability. The validity of the results was confirmed by using XRD analysis. The validation results confirmed the coating properties and RSM model.
The Statue of Minnakht, the God’s Father of Mut in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo (CG 624 - JE 27585)
Authors: El Gabry Dina
Published: November 2024

This article discusses the private statue of Minnakht, which is currently preserved in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The statue owner holds the title of ‘the god’s father of Mut’ ỉt-nṯr n Mwt. The statue likely dates to the mid-18th Dynasty based on its stylistic and iconographic features, the inscriptions on the kilt, and the decorations on the sides. The provenance of the statue is debated, but it is generally believed to have originated from the broader area of Thebes. The inscriptions on the sides of the seat and the back pillar are unique based on their exclusively funerary nature and their reference to the well-known Book of the Twelve Caverns. Although there have been many scholarly discussions surrounding this composition and multiple published translations of the texts inscribed on CG 624 by Piankoff and Allen, this paper marks the first time the statue is closely examined as a whole despite its importance.

[Formula: see text]
Benefit-risk assessment based on number needed to treat and number needed to harm: Atogepant vs. calcitonin gene–related peptide monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Ailani Jessica , Lalla Anjana , Halker Singh Rashmi B , Holle-Lee Dagny , Nagy Krisztian , Kelton Kari , Piron Cristiano , Gandhi Pranav , Pozo-Rosich Patricia
Published: November 2024

Background

To evaluate the benefit-risk assessment of atogepant and calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) vs. placebo based on the number needed to treat (NNT) and the number needed to harm (NNH) in a blended episodic migraine and chronic migraine (EM + CM) population.

Methods

The NNT was calculated based on achievement of a ≥ 50% reduction in mean monthly migraine days (MMDs) from baseline across 12 weeks. The NNH was calculated using the proportion of participants reporting a discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs). The primary analysis included data from studies of atogepant, erenumab, galcanezumab, eptinezumab and fremanezumab.

Results

In the primary analysis, the calculated NNT for atogepant 60 mg vs. placebo was 4.2 (95% credible interval (CrI) = 3.1–6.7), which was the lowest relative to the CGRP mAbs in the blended EM + CM population. Participants who received atogepant 60 mg or fremanezumab showed the most favorable NNH values (−1010 (95% Crl = 44 to ∞ to number needed to benefit 80) for atogepant) resulting from lower rates of discontinuation due to AEs compared with those receiving placebo.

Conclusions

Atogepant demonstrated a favorable benefit-risk profile, with NNT and NNH values comparable (not statistically significant) with those of CGRP mAbs across all analyses.
Shifting perceptions of informal operators in the service and value chains: A retrospective of 40 years of observation and advocacy for informal recyclers and waste service providers, through the eyes of five global participant-researchers
Authors: Simpson Michael , Oduro-Appiah Kwaku , Gunsilius Ellen , Dias Sonia Maria , Scheinberg Anne
Published: November 2024

This article offers a reflective retrospective of the literature and practice on the informal waste and recycling sector. The authors have joined to share our experience and knowledge on the interface between the formal solid waste sector and informal recyclers and operators. Together, we discuss where this discourse has come from, where it is now, and where we, as practitioners, think it is going. We share our understanding of the waste and recycling sectors and how informality within them functions. The retrospective covers nearly 40 years of research, practice, advocacy, action, writing and intervention. The main storyline is how the public and private solid waste authorities and service providers relate to informal operators in both recycling (‘the (private) value chains’) and waste management (‘the (public) service chain’). The recurring theme is how engaged scholarship and practice have interacted with, modified and improved the position of informal operators and workers and contributed to positive outcomes in both service and value chains. Throughout the period covered by this retrospective, opinions and framing on all sides have shifted substantially through the years, whereas the economic activities of informal recyclers and informal waste collection service providers have remained largely unchanged. Although we refer to both scientific and operational documents, we do not have the ambition to produce a scientific paper. Rather, we follow other authors of the special issue in referring to ourselves as involved witnesses who share a commitment to improving waste and recycling practices at the boundary of formal and informal systems.
Examining the Impact of Online Help-Seeking Strategies on Promoting EFL learners’ Self-Regulated and Collaborative Learning Skills, Language Learning Outcomes, and Perceptions in CALL Environments
Authors: Cheng Ruzhang
Published: November 2024

This research examines the impact of online help-seeking strategies—both adaptive and peer-based—on promoting self-regulated and collaborative learning skills, as well as language learning outcomes, among Chinese EFL learners in computer-assisted language learning (CALL) environments. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study triangulates various data strands from 92 randomly selected EFL learners to explore how these strategies influence their learning outcomes. Through methodological triangulation and the execution of one-way ANOVA, the research demonstrates the superior effectiveness of combining adaptive and peer help-seeking strategies, compared to their isolated use, in enhancing self-regulated and collaborative learning skills and language learning outcomes. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between learners’ interactive engagement with help-seeking strategies and their overall CALL outcomes, indicating that such strategies support the development of both collaborative and self-regulated learning skills. This study provides theoretical and practical insights into CALL, offering evidence-based guidance for researchers and practitioners on the nuanced impact of integrating dynamic and flexible help-seeking strategies to enhance EFL learners’ skills and outcomes.
Electroencephalographic (EEG) Stages in Patients With Cerebral Edema Following Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Horvat David E. , Keenan Julia S. , Conley Caroline , Staso Katelyn , Harrar Dana B. , Sansevere Arnold J.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To describe electroencephalographic (EEG) changes in pediatric patients with cerebral edema after cardiac arrest.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit from July 2021 to January 2023. We included patients with cardiac arrest and changes in EEG background with clinical changes and/or neuroimaging consistent with cerebral edema. We excluded patients with electrographic seizures. We applied American Clinical Neurophysiology Society standardized critical care EEG terminology to classify EEG background, noting timing of the change in background classification. Clinical variables included age, sex, and neuroimaging findings and were described with descriptive statistics.

Results

Nine patients met inclusion criteria, with median age 24 months (interquartile range 21-49), and 89% were male. There were 5 common EEG stages: stage 1, burst suppression/burst attenuation; stage 2, continuous/discontinuous ± multifocal sporadic epileptiform discharges ± rhythmic or periodic patterns; stage 3, discontinuous/burst suppression/burst attenuation ± rhythmic or periodic patterns; stage 4, gradual voltage suppression; and stage 5, diffuse suppression. The ranges for each stage were as follows: stage 1, 2-10 hours; stage 2, 2.5-15.5 hours; stage 3, 0.5-6.24 hours; and stage 4, 0.5-11 hours. We could not calculate the duration of stage 5 given no uniform time to EEG discontinuation. One patient had a clinical change in stage 3. Remaining patients presented with fixed and dilated pupils with global anoxic injury.

Conclusions

EEG stages of cerebral edema have not been described after pediatric cardiac arrest. These stages may be relevant to other patient populations. Early stages may be a therapeutic target for intracranial pressure–lowering medications and/or neuroprotective strategies to minimize sequalae of cerebral edema.
Citrus trifoliata extract -loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a potential treatment for osteoarthritis: An in vitro evaluation
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Mingming , Jalili Saman
Published: November 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) presents a significant global health burden, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies to address its multifaceted challenges. This study explores the potential of Citrus trifoliata extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CTECNPs) as a novel treatment modality for OA. The encapsulation of Citrus trifoliata extract (CTE) within chitosan nanoparticles offers advantages such as enhanced bioavailability, sustained release kinetics, and targeted delivery to affected joints. In vitro evaluations demonstrate the biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory properties of CTECNPs, with significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects observed. Moreover, in vivo studies in an OA-induced mouse model reveal promising therapeutic outcomes, including improvements in histological features and locomotor function. These findings highlight the potential of CTECNPs as a promising therapeutic approach for OA, offering hope for improved patient outcomes and quality of life. Further research is warranted to elucidate additional signaling pathways and potential synergistic effects of CTECNPs in OA management.
BREATHE-EASE Goals for Reducing Special Education Teacher Burnout
Authors: Ruble Lisa , McGrew John H. , Dueber David , Salyers Michelle P.
Published: November 2024

Burnout is the leading cause of the special education teacher shortage. A burnout intervention adapted for teachers was tested in two studies. Study 1 used a randomized design; Study 2 was a pre-post design. In Study 1, 44 teachers were randomized into the intervention or an active control. To enhance impact, for Study 2, personal goal-setting was added, and the intervention was renamed BREATHE-EASE (Burnout Reduction: Enhanced Awareness, Tools, Handouts, and Education–Evidence-Based Activities for Educators) Goals and evaluated with a different cohort of 42 teachers. Teachers completed assessments of social support, coping, and mindfulness. For Study 1, a medium to large nonsignificant effect for reduced emotional exhaustion (η2 = .087) was found based on a per-protocol analysis of attending at least two sessions. For Study 2, emotional exhaustion was reduced ( d = 0.45), and mindfulness ( d = 0.39) and coping ( d = 0.78) skills were improved. The findings offer a promising approach for special education teacher burnout and intrapersonal skills.