bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORTHO IMAGE AND DTM GENERATION WITH INTELLIGENT METHODS
Authors: Bagheri H. , Sadeghian S.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Nowadays the artificial intelligent algorithms has considered in GIS and remote sensing. Genetic algorithm and artificial neural network are two intelligent methods that are used for optimizing of image processing programs such as edge extraction and etc. these algorithms are very useful for solving of complex program. In this paper, the ability and application of genetic algorithm and artificial neural network in geospatial production process like geometric modelling of satellite images for ortho photo generation and height interpolation in raster Digital Terrain Model production process is discussed. In first, the geometric potential of Ikonos-2 and Worldview-2 with rational functions, 2D & 3D polynomials were tested. Also comprehensive experiments have been carried out to evaluate the viability of the genetic algorithm for optimization of rational function, 2D & 3D polynomials. Considering the quality of Ground Control Points, the accuracy (RMSE) with genetic algorithm and 3D polynomials method for Ikonos-2 Geo image was 0.508 pixel sizes and the accuracy (RMSE) with GA algorithm and rational function method for Worldview-2 image was 0.930 pixel sizes. For more another optimization artificial intelligent methods, neural networks were used. With the use of perceptron network in Worldview-2 image, a result of 0.84 pixel sizes with 4 neurons in middle layer was gained. The final conclusion was that with artificial intelligent algorithms it is possible to optimize the existing models and have better results than usual ones. Finally the artificial intelligence methods, like genetic algorithms as well as neural networks, were examined on sample data for optimizing interpolation and for generating Digital Terrain Models. The results then were compared with existing conventional methods and it appeared that these methods have a high capacity in heights interpolation and that using these networks for interpolating and optimizing the weighting methods based on inverse distance leads to a high accurate estimation of heights.
USING MCSST METHOD FOR MEASURING SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE WITH MODIS IMAGERY AND MODELING AND PREDICTION OF REGIONAL VARIATIONS WITH LEAST SQUARES METHOD (CASE STUDY: PERSIAN GULF, IRAN)
Authors: Pakdaman M. S. , Eyvazkhani S. , Almodaresi S. A. , Ardekani A. S. , Sadeghnejad M. , Hamisi M.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Nowadays, many researchers in the area of thermal remote sensing applications believe in the necessity of modeling in environmental studies. Modeling in the remotely sensed data and the ability to precisely predict variation of various phenomena, persuaded the experts to use this knowledge increasingly. Suitable model selection is the basis for modeling and is a defining parameter. So, firstly the model should be identified well. The least squares method is for data fitting. In the least squares method, the best fit model is the model that minimizes the sum of squared residuals. In this research, that has been done for modeling variations of the Persian Gulf surface temperature, after data preparation, data gathering has been done with multi-channel method using the MODIS Terra satellites imagery. All the temperature data has been recorded in the period of ten years in winter time from December 2003 to January 2013 with dimensions of 20*20 km and for an area of 400 km2. Subsequently, 12400 temperature samples and variation trend control based on their fluctuation time have been observed. Then 16 mathematical models have been created for model building. After model creation, the variance of all the models has been calculated with ground truth for model testing. But the lowest variance was in combined models from degree 1 to degree 4. The results have shown that outputs for combined models of degree 1 to degree 3 and degree 1 to degree 4 for variables does not show significant differences and implementation of degree 4 does not seem necessary. Employment of trigonometric functions on variables increased the variance in output data. Comparison of the most suitable model and the ground truth showed a variance of just 1⁰. The number of samples, after elimination of blunders reduced to 11600 samples. After this elimination, all the created models have been run on the variables. Also in this case, the highest variance has been obtained for the models that have trigonometric functions for variables. The lowest variance has been obtained for combined models of degree 1 to 3 and 4. After the elimination of the blunders and running the model once more, the variance of the most suitable model reached to 0.84⁰. Finally, among the 16 models, 13 models showed less than 1⁰ that demonstrates the accuracy of the selected models for scrutiny and predict variations of the surface temperature in this area.
On the Optimal Representation of Vector Location using Fixed-Width Multi-Precision Quantizers
Authors: Sahr K.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Current generation geospatial applications primarily rely on location representations that were developed for the manipulation and display of planar maps of portions of the earth’s surface. The next generation of digital earth applications will require fundamentally new technological approaches to location representation. Improvements in the efficiency of the representation of vector location can result in substantial performance increases. We examine the advantages and limitations of the most common current approach: as tuples of fixed-width floating point representations of real numbers, and identify a list of desirable design features for an optimal replacement system. These include the use of explicitly discrete integer indexes, the use of an optimal quantification scheme, and the ability to represent point locations at multiple precisions, including the capability to exactly represent key point locations, and the ability to encode multi-precision quantizations. We describe a class of planar systems that meet these criteria, which we call Central Place Indexing (CPI) systems. We then extend these systems to the sphere to provide a class of optimal known fixed-width geospatial vector location representation systems we call CPI43 systems.
Restful Implementation of Catalogue Service for Geospatial Data Provenance
Authors: Jiang L. C. , Yue P. , Lu X. C.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Provenance, also known as lineage, is important in understanding the derivation history of data products. Geospatial data provenance helps data consumers to evaluate the quality and reliability of geospatial data. In a service-oriented environment, where data are often consumed or produced by distributed services, provenance could be managed by following the same service-oriented paradigm. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW) is used for the registration and query of geospatial data provenance by extending ebXML Registry Information Model (ebRIM). Recent advance of the REpresentational State Transfer (REST) paradigm has shown great promise for the easy integration of distributed resources. RESTful Web Service aims to provide a standard way for Web clients to communicate with servers based on REST principles. The existing approach for provenance catalogue service could be improved by adopting the RESTful design. This paper presents the design and implementation of a catalogue service for geospatial data provenance following RESTful architecture style. A middleware named REST Converter is added on the top of the legacy catalogue service to support a RESTful style interface. The REST Converter is composed of a resource request dispatcher and six resource handlers. A prototype service is developed to demonstrate the applicability of the approach.
A global hierarchical and Equal-Area Sphere Grid and Its Geometry Distortion Analysis
Authors: Sun W. B. , Zhou C. J.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. A spatial data management and analysis frame is required for global problem application. Global Discrete Grid (GDG) has seamless, excellent hierarchy characteristics. GDG has been used for spatial data management, indexing and cartographic generalization. However, most GDGs are unequal-area. To extend GDG application ranges in spatial modelling and statistical analysis, the method for constructing hierarchical and equal-area GDG is discussed in this paper. The detail steps to build GDG based on inscribe polyhedron is presented. The method of transferring polyhedron surface grids onto sphere surface is described. The ratio of max, min length of grid edges and grid angle is acquired. Length ratio converges to1.7 and angle ratio converges to 3.0. The result indicates that there exists difference in length and grid angle and the ratios of them are convergent.
Sphere Shell Space 3D Grid
Authors: Wan G. , Cao X. F. , Li F. , Li K.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. The global spatial grid is an important spatial data model for Digital Earth. Discrete Global Grid provides a means of rasterizing the earth surface, and then has been considered as the basic data model for digital globes. But Discrete Global Grid is only confined to the surface, because it can not reach to the earth inside and outside. The Sphere Shell Space 3D Grid (SSSG) proposed here provides a new spatial reference framework for the whole earth 3D space for Digital Earth. The basic conceptions and requirements of SSSG have been discussed in details. It is designed to represent spatial objects distributed from underground, land, sea, air to space within a uniform framework, and also to uniformly organize various kinds of spatial information in each earth sphere shells.
Global 3D-Grids Based on Great Circle Arc QTM Sphere Octree and Its Application
Authors: Wang J. X. , Li Y. H. , Zheng Y. S. , Liu J. N.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. With the development of computers, network communications, scientific computing, mapping remote sensing and geographic information technologies, Discrete Global Grids (DGGs) and Earth System Spatial Grid（ESSG）have become the integrated spatial data model facing the large-scale and global-scale problems and the complex geo-computation. This paper discusses the property and character of the global spatial data at first. Then it introduces the grid division system based on large arc QTM octree and compares this scheme with degradation octree scheme. At last, it introduces the application of the scheme in land surface, underground and aerial geographic entity modeling. The study suggests that: the grid division system based on large arc QTM octree has the potential to integrate the whole spatial data of different layers of the geospatial. And it will have a broad application prospect in complex large-scale geographic computing.
Distortion Distribution and Convergence Analysis of Spherical Diamond Discrete Grids
Authors: Zhou L. C. , Lin B. X. , Lv G. N. , Zhao Z. P.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Four kinds of subdivision methods of Global Discrete Grid are presented in this paper. Furthermore, we systematically and comprehensively compare and analyze the distortion distribution and convergence of spherical diamond discrete grids. Especially, the Electrical Potential Energy is introduced as index to measure the distortion distribution of spherical diamond discrete grids. The result shows that the properties including the distortion of the area of the grid cell and the distortion of the angle of the grid cell or from the global uniformity of spherical diamond discrete grids which are obtained by recursively bisecting the great arcs on the surface of the globe starting with the icosahedron are much better than the properties of the other three discrete grid obtained by subdivision methods.
Unsupervised change detection in satellite images using fuzzy c-means clustering and principal component analysis
Authors: Kesikoğlu M. H. , Atasever Ü. H. , Özkan C.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Change detection analyze means that according to observations made in different times, the process of defining the change detection occurring in nature or in the state of any objects or the ability of defining the quantity of temporal effects by using multitemporal data sets. There are lots of change detection techniques met in literature. It is possible to group these techniques under two main topics as supervised and unsupervised change detection. In this study, the aim is to define the land cover changes occurring in specific area of Kayseri with unsupervised change detection techniques by using Landsat satellite images belonging to different years which are obtained by the technique of remote sensing. While that process is being made, image differencing method is going to be applied to the images by following the procedure of image enhancement. After that, the method of Principal Component Analysis is going to be applied to the difference image obtained. To determine the areas that have and don’t have changes, the image is grouped as two parts by Fuzzy C-Means Clustering method. For achieving these processes, firstly the process of image to image registration is completed. As a result of this, the images are being referred to each other. After that, gray scale difference image obtained is partitioned into 3 × 3 nonoverlapping blocks. With the method of principal component analysis, eigenvector space is gained and from here, principal components are reached. Finally, feature vector space consisting principal component is partitioned into two clusters using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and after that change detection process has been done.
Equisolid Fisheye Stereovision Calibration and Point Cloud Computation
Authors: Moreau J. , Ambellouis A. , Ruichek Y.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. This paper deals with dense 3D point cloud computation of urban environments around a vehicle. The idea is to use two fisheye views to get 3D coordinates of the surrounding scene's points. The first contribution of this paper is the adaptation of an omnidirectional stereovision self-calibration algorithm to an equisolid fisheye projection model. The second contribution is the description of a new epipolar matching based on a scan-circle principle and a dynamic programming technique adapted for fisheye images. The method is validated using both synthetic images for which ground truth is available and real images of an urban scene.
3D Solarweb: A solar cadaster in the Italian Alpine landscape
Authors: Nex F. , Remondino F. , Agugiaro G. , De Flippi R. , Poletti M. , Furlanello C. , Menegon S. , Dallago G. , Fontanari S.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. The paper presents the research carried out in the on-going 3DSolarWeb project to test and implement a complete pipeline for the generation of a solar cadastre of building roofs located in alpine areas. The project aims at providing reliable results in a costeffective way, using (low resolution) available data and new aerial imagery acquisitions as input. The environmental context is digitally represented using already existing low resolution LiDAR data (1–2 m resolution), while the urban area is modelled using high resolution aerial images (10–20 cm GSD) and photogrammetric DSM. Reliable models and algorithms for the estimation of the incoming sun radiance are then adopted and a WebGIS is set up for the interactive calculation of the photovoltaic (PV) potential in a raster-based form. The paper summarizes the entire pipeline and the results (Figure 1) achieved on the test areas to show the potentialities of the method and the web-based service.
An automatic integrated image segmentation, registration and change detection method for water-body extraction using HSR images and GIS data
Authors: Sui H.G. , Chen G. , Hua L.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Automatic water-body extraction from remote sense images is a challenging problem. Using GIS data to update and extract waterbody is an old but active topic. However, automatic registration and change detection of the two data sets often presents difficulties. In this paper, a novel automatic water-body extraction method is proposed. The core idea is to integrate image segmentation, image registration and change detection with GIS data as a whole processing. A new iterative segmentation and registration strategy is proposed. Here, the so-called visual attention model and level set segmentation algorithm is introduced to find interesting areas with suspected water-bodies and to obtain initial objects contours. And an improved shape curve similarity (ISCS) is presented to match image segmentation objects and GIS water-bodies with overall spatial constraints. Furthermore buffer based change detection algorithm is designed to obtain unchanged water-bodies and SVM classifier is used to verify changed ones. Experiment results show that proposed method was effective in rapid extraction and change detection of water-bodies.
Short Baseline TerraSAR-X PSI for Monitoring Subsidence of Highways and Railways, Case Study with Corner Reflectors
Authors: Yu B. , Liu G. X. , Jia H. G. , Dai K. R. , Zhang R. , Li T. , Wang X. W. , Ma D. Y.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Ground subsidence is one of the key factors causing damages to transportation facilities, e.g., transportation network (TN) consists of highways and railways. For better exploration of TN subsidence, we propose to use the high resolution TerraSAR-X (TSX) persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) approach to extract regional scale (RS) subsidence related to the TN. The primary procedures involve interferometric pair selection, interferogram generation, persistent scatterer (PS) detection, PS networking, phase parameterization and subsidence estimation. Xiqing district of southwest Tianjin (China) is selected as the study area, in which multiple highways and one railway line are located. 15 TSX images collected over this area between March, 2009 and June, 2010 are utilized to extract subsidence by the TSX PSI approach. The subsidence rate (SR) map shows that remarkably uneven subsidence occurs along and around the TN, and the SR ranges between –69 and –1.3 mm/yr. For validation purpose, the SR of the TN derived by PSI is compared with leveling data collected for the benchmarks deployed along the selected highways. The mean and root mean square error (RMSE) of discrepancies between two data sets are 0.1 and ±3.2 mm/yr, respectively. The numerical analysis indicates that the high resolution TSX PSI is able to reveal comprehensive and detailed subsidence related to the TN with a millimeter level accuracy.
An Interlinking Approach for Linked Geospatial Data
Authors: Zhang M. , Yuan J. , Gong J. , Yue P.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Geospatial metadata from metadata catalogue can be published as part of Web of data used Linked Data technologies. The published data could be named as linked geospatial metadata. A key issue of Linked Data technologies is to create links among datasets. There are three important types of RDF links: relationship links, identity links, and vocabulary links. This paper proposes a matching method to construct linkages between linked geospatial metadata and geospatial datasets in the linking open data cloud (LOD). This matching method is based on semantic similarity to construct identity links. A matching algorithm using Tversky‘s contrast model and Jaro-Winkler distance is proposed and evaluated.
Aeroelectric structures and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Anisimov S. V. , Mareev E. A. , Shikhova N. M. , Shatalina M. V. , Galichenko S. V. , Zilitinkevich S. S.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Complex electrical measurements with the use of sodar data show that electric field pulsation analysis is useful for electrodynamics/turbulence monitoring under different conditions. In particular, the number of aeroelectric structures (AES) generated per hour is a convenient measure of the turbulence intensity. During convectively unstable periods, as many as 5–10 AES form per hour. Under stable conditions, AES occasionally form as well, indicating the appearance of occasional mixing events reflected in the electric field perturbations. AES magnitudes under stable conditions are relatively small, except in special cases such as high humidity and fog. The analysis of electric field (EF) spectra gives additional useful information on the parameters of the atmospheric boundary layer and its turbulence. A rather sharp change in the spectrum slope takes place in the vicinity of 0.02 Hz under stable conditions. The characteristic slope of the spectrum and its change are reproduced in a simple model of EF formation.
Grassland fire effect on soil organic carbon reservoirs in a semiarid environment
Authors: Novara A. , Gristina L. , Rühl J. , Pasta S. , D'Angelo G. , La Mantia T. , Pereira P.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of an experimental fire used for grassland management on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The study was carried out on Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (Hh) grassland and Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Desf.) T. Durand & Schinz (Am) grasslands located in the north of Sicily. Soil samples were collected at 0–5 cm before and after the experimental fire, and SOC was measured. During the grassland fire, soil surface temperature was monitored. Biomass of both grasses was analysed in order to determine dry weight and its chemical composition. The results showed that SOC varied significantly with vegetation type, while it is not affected in the short term by grassland fire. Am grassland stored more SOC compared with Hh grassland thanks to lower content in the biomass of the labile carbon pool. No significant difference was observed in SOC before and after fire, which could be caused by several factors: first, in both grassland types the measured soil temperature during fire was low due to thin litter layers; second, in a semiarid environment, a higher mineralization rate results in a lower soil carbon labile pool; and third, the SOC stored in the finest soil fractions, physically protected, is not affected by fire.
Rhythm outcomes after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kornej J. , Husser D. , Bollmann A. , Lip G. Y. H.
Published: October 2013

Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs as the result of numerous complex physiological processes in the atria leading to AF promotion and maintenance. Improved diagnostic techniques have identified various biomarkers which may play an important role in the prediction of AF related outcomes (cardio- and cerebrovascular events, as well as mortality and rhythm outcomes). Biomarkers refer to ‘biological markers’ and biomarkers in blood, urine as well as imaging marker (eg, dimensions (left atrial diameter and volume), anatomical features (left appendage and pulmonary vein anatomy), and physiological pattern (LAA flow velocity)) may play important role(s) as clinically important indices in relation to outcomes after different therapeutic strategies. However, the main domain in the biomarker field has focused on bloodbased biomarkers, which are widely used to predict therapeutic success regarding underlying pathophysiological mechanism, such as inflammation, fibrosis, endothelial damage. This review provides an update of the role of clinically relevant biomarkers in AF, with particular focus on AF rhythm outcomes.
Synthesis of Chiral Pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones from N-Carbamoyl Amino Acids
Authors: Egorov Ilya N. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: October 2013

A series of previously unknown pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones containing chiral amino acid fragments was synthesized from 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane and N-carbamoyl derivatives of amino acids under acidic conditions.
Tribosynthesis of Fe3–xMnxC Phases via Mechanical Alloying and Annealing
Authors: Dierkes Hannes , Möller Andreas , Dronskowski Richard
Published: October 2013

Powderous crystalline materials of the composition Fe3-xMnxC have been prepared by first synthesizing Fe3C via mechanical alloying in a planetary mill followed by the addition of elemental manganese and arc-plasma melting or via the classic ceramic route in an electric furnace. The milling time for the synthesis of Fe3C was significantly reduced through adjusting the parameters of the planetary ball mill. When the ball-to-powder ratio was lowered, significantly larger batches were possible. Sintering in a fired tubular furnace was found to be the method of choice for the aftertreatment of the nanocrystalline Fe3-xMnxC powders as exemplified by X-ray Rietveld refinements.
Lead-flux Growth of Eu4Ir8As7 Crystals
Authors: Pfannenschmidt Ulrike , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: October 2013

Single crystals of the new arsenide Eu4Ir8As7 were grown from a lead flux. The structure was refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: Ca4Ir8P7 type, P21=m, a=1311.3(1), b = 408:4(1), c = 1360:3(1) pm, β = 98:45(1)°, wR2=0.0640, 1985 F2 values, 95 variables. The iridium and arsenic atoms in the Eu4Ir8As7 structure build up a complex three-dimensional, covalently bonded [Ir8As7] network with Ir-As distances ranging from 239 to 260 pm. Each iridium atom has three or four arsenic neighbors in slightly distorted trigonal-planar or tetrahedral coordination. The four crystallographically independent europium atoms fill cavities of coordination numbers 12, 13, and 15 (2) within the [Ir8As7] network. Parts of the Eu4Ir8As7 structure resemble known simpler structure types, and one can describe the Eu4Ir8As7 structure as an intergrowth variant of CaBe2Ge2-, TiNiSi- and AlB2-related slabs.
Folding Corners of the Habits of Mind
Authors: Wiles Peter
Published: October 2013

Students fold paper to make and test conjectures while reasoning about and discussing geometric ideas.
Radical Thoughts on Simplifying Square Roots
Authors: Schultz Kyle T. , Bismarck Stephen F.
Published: October 2013

A geometric approach using exact square manipulatives can promote an understanding of the algorithm to dismantle radical expressions.
Hemostatic changes in pregnancy
Authors: Simioni Paolo , Campello Elena
Published: October 2013

Normal pregnancy is associated with changes in all aspects of haemostasis, including increase in concentrations of most clotting factors, decreasing concentrations of some of the natural anticoagulants and diminishing fibrinolytic activity. These changes help in maintaining placental function during pregnancy but result in a state of hypercoagulability that may predispose to thrombosis and placental vascular complications. During pregnancy, the concentrations of coagulation factors V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII and von Willebrand factor rise significantly, accompanied by a pronounced increase in fibrinogen levels which increases up to two-fold from non-pregnant levels. Furthermore, there is a decrease in physiological anticoagulants manifested by a significant reduction in protein S activity and by acquired activated protein C resistance. The overall fibrinolytic activity is impaired during pregnancy, but returns rapidly to normal following delivery. This is largely due to placental derived plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2), which is present in substantial quantities during pregnancy. D-Dimer levels increase in pregnancy but are not thought to indicate intravascular coagulation as fibrinolysis is depressed. These D-Dimers may originate from the uterus. Finally, the platelet count decreases in normal pregnancy possibly due to increased destruction and haemodilution with a maximal decrease in the third trimester. Immediately after delivery there is an increase in platelet count, especially in patients undergoing cesarean section. During treatment of severe post-partum hemorrhage, it is absolutely essential to have the knowledge that the starting values of the platelets are very different as compared to a non-pregnant patient. Moreover, after delivery, also the levels of fibrinogen increase. Since the value of fibrinogen represents a crucial parameter for the management of acute bleeding, it is essential to administer the proper amount of fibrinogen in the case of postpartum hemorrhage. This aspect is emphasized especially in relation to the use of thromboelastography and for a correct interpretation of the results. Thromboelastogram profiles strongly depend on the amount of platelets and fibrinogen in whole blood. Protocols for thromboelastogram guided administration of hemocomponents and coagulation factor concentrates in cases of acute bleeding in pregnancy and post-partum are required.
« De si solides bagatelles »
Authors: Dionne Ugo
Published: October 2013

Lorsqu’on tente de dégager la « conception » qu’un romancier du xviiie siècle propose du roman, trois différents objets s’offrent à l’analyse. Au-delà du discours critique plus ou moins explicite que l’écrivain articule sur le genre, il faut s’intéresser à sa manière d’en thématiser la lecture et les effets, ainsi qu’à sa pratique elle-même : on ne s’occupe plus alors de ce qu’on dit du roman, ou de ce qu’on lui fait faire dans les seuls termes de la fiction, mais bel et bien de ce qu’on en fait. Le présent article cherche à vérifier cette hypothèse des « trois romans du romancier » à partir de l’oeuvre du chevalier de Mouhy, contemporain relativement marginal de Marivaux et de Prévost. Sur la valeur morale du roman, sur son rôle dans l’éducation des jeunes lecteurs, sur ses conséquences psychologiques à court ou plus long termes, sur les rapports du genre à l’histoire et à la réalité, comme sur sa propre place dans la littérature de son temps, l’auteur de La mouche et de La paysanne parvenue adopte des positions multiples et paradoxales ; on peinerait à dégager un Mouhy adversaire ou apologiste du roman, si ce n’était de l’évidence pléthorique de sa production, qu’on peut assimiler à une vaste et inconditionnelle affirmation romanesque.
Une cloche sans battant. Le Journal de deuil de Roland Barthes
Authors: Rowner Ilai
Published: October 2013

Cet article propose de réfléchir à la manière de lire le Journal de deuil de Roland Barthes, paru en 2009 aux Éditions du Seuil. S’agit-il simplement d’un journal intime et d’un travail biographique ou bien s’agit-il d’une oeuvre littéraire fragmentaire, seule manière possible pour Barthes d’écrire un « monument » de reconnaissance à sa mère ? S’agit-il des notes préparatoires pour La chambre claire (1980) ou bien d’une partie importante d’un roman à venir ayant le titre de Vita Nova ? Ces questions sont essentielles dans la mesure où elles sont censées répondre à l’usage que l’on doit faire de ce texte. Elles déterminent la manière par laquelle on peut le lire et le comprendre, voire apprécier la valeur du Journal de deuil de Barthes. Dans ce contexte, nous avons essayé de défendre l’idée que le Journal de deuil est un « événement littéraire » singulier, un cas riche en éléments pour une lecture critique qui cherche les traces d’écriture d’un événement indéfini qui est en train de se produire. Il s’agit donc d’une lecture qui est attentive à la manière dans laquelle la rupture et la transformation réelles à la suite de la mort de la mère reçoivent une configuration imaginaire dans l’écriture du journal en tant que promesse absolue de la « seule région de la noblesse » qu’est la littérature.
De Poe à Mallarmé, de Mallarmé à Poe : traduction, édition, création
Authors: Galli Pauline
Published: October 2013

La traduction par Mallarmé des poèmes de Poe pose de manière singulière la question du lien entre l’activité de poète et celle de traducteur. S’inscrivant explicitement sur les traces de Baudelaire, cherchant à relever le défi lancé par ce dernier qui s’était limité à une traduction des nouvelles de Poe, n’osant pas en traduire les poèmes, Mallarmé place d’emblée son entreprise dans un rapport singulier à la notion d’auctorialité. En effet, sa référence n’est pas uniquement l’auteur traduit, mais également le traducteur précédent. Proposant une traduction qui, en dépit d’une grande fidélité, s’autorise des libertés étonnantes, il ne se contente pas de proposer sa version des poèmes de Poe, mais élabore une édition originale se fondant sur des initiatives déroutantes. Les frontières se troublent donc entre les rôles de poète, de traducteur, et d’éditeur, qu’endosse Mallarmé, mais cette confusion semble se résoudre dans la notion d’impersonnalité, idéal obsédant de la poétique mallarméenne.
Henri Meschonnic aux États-Unis ? Un cas de non-traduction
Authors: Boulanger Pier-Pascale
Published: October 2013

Jusqu’à 2011, aucun des nombreux essais d’Henri Meschonnic n’avait été traduit en anglais. Pourquoi? Pour répondre à cette question, il faut chercher à comprendre l’intérêt qu’il y avait à traduire les travaux de ses contemporains, en l’occurrence Antoine Berman et Jacques Derrida. Il apparaît que les incitatifs à l’importation de produits intellectuels tiennent à l’intérêt de consolider une discipline et à l’intérêt que présente le potentiel d’interprétation de ceux-ci.
The Boulevard and the Salon: Popular Theatre and Romanticism in 1824
Authors: Lambertson John P.
Published: October 2013

On 24 August 1824, a vaudeville entitled La St-Louis des artistes announced the opening of the most important artistic event in France during the Restoration, the Salon of 1824. This article analyses popular theatre in relation to French Romantic painting and emphasises the link between popular spectacle, high art and politics during the Restoration. The comparison of popular theatre and Romantic painting by artists like Eugène Delacroix and Charles-Emile Champmartin underscores the ‘intermedialityrsquo; of visual culture during the Restoration and suggests the importance of popular culture for the critical debate over Romanticism, for the innovative form of Romantic painting, and for state patronage of this controversial art.
Waking the Dead: Medium as Therapist in Albert Talhoff and Mary Wigman's Totenmal
Authors: Hales Barbara
Published: October 2013

This paper offers a reading of Albert Talhoff and Mary Wigman's poetry and dance spectacle, Totenmal (Call of the Dead 1930) with particular focus upon how the return of the dead soldier functions in the psychic healing of its postwar audience. Totenmal, whose use of mixed media classified it as a spectacle that played to the entire sensory field, functioned as a cathartic experience for its post-war audience, which was working through the mourning process. Sigmund Freud argues in his ‘Mourning and Melancholiarsquo; (‘Trauer und Melancholicrsquo; 1917) that the mourner must repetitiously return to the lost one until the mourner is able to accept the reality of the departed's death and begin the healing process. In Totenmal, the dead ominously appear both as disembodied voices offstage reading actual soldiers' letters and as shades that are conjured onto the stage, which both serve as a reminder for the living to remember the fallen. The psychic trauma of the mourning process is represented by the female chorus that is incapable of confronting these spirits from the other side. Reconciliation is only achieved by the medium character, played by Wigman, who is able both to summon the dead and to commune with them. My analysis of Totenmal will thus pay particular attention to the medium character. Mediumism was a common practice in Weimar Germany, and my discussion will explain this context by drawing on historical research regarding spiritualist practices of the day.
Nineteenth-Century Travel Accounts of America and Bayle Bernard's ‘The Yankee Pedlar’
Authors: Jortner Maura
Published: October 2013

When George Hill asked W. Bayle Bernard to construct a play for him, the playwright was probably unsure of how to proceed. How was he, an English subject, to write a piece that was American in style and feeling? Bernard's answer to this quandary was brilliant: he turned to travelogues about America. Therein, he found ready source material as well as a means of constructing a sure-fire hit. Bernard took scenes, images, characters and dialogue straight from two travelogues. Moreover, he followed larger trends of the genre as well. He placed all of America on stage; he painted Americans as intrinsically Other, and offered pessimistic views on American notions of liberty and equality. In these ways, Bayle not only reinforced a specific understanding of Americans that was solidifying with each travel account published, but also took part in constructing the American imaginary.
A technique to identify vortex air using carbon monoxide observations
Authors: McDonald A. J. , Smith M.
Published: October 2013

This study uses observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the Microwave Limb Sounder instrument to identify vortex air in the winter polar regions. In particular, we use the probability distribution function (PDF) of the CO data to delineate CO concentrations characteristic of the interior of the vortex core as a function of space and time. This is achieved by fitting two Gaussian distributions to the PDF for a specific period and vertical level. These Gaussian fits are then examined to determine whether two chemically distinct regions exist by inspecting the intersection area between the Gaussians relative to their individual areas. When chemically distinct regions exist, the values of the fitted mean CO concentrations are representative of the interior and exterior of the polar vortex. To prove this point, a domain‐filling analysis is performed to produce high‐resolution maps. Comparison of these maps with the vortex edge derived using the equivalent latitude technique, and a statistical analysis over a range of years and isentropic levels, shows that the fitting scheme can be used to characterize measurements made inside the vortex during periods when chemically distinct populations exist. The statistical analysis also suggests that a threshold CO concentration can be derived based on the Gaussian fits which defines a good mixture between reducing the quantity of CO observations incorrectly identified as vortex interior air, whilst also minimizing the number of observations misclassified as vortex exterior air. This technique therefore provides an alternative to the dynamically derived calculation of values characteristic of the vortex interior.
Contribution of hydraulically lifted deep moisture to the water budget in a Southern California mixed forest
Authors: Kitajima Kuni , Allen Michael F. , Goulden Michael L.
Published: October 2013

Trees and shrubs growing in California's mountains rely on deep roots to survive the hot and dry Mediterranean climate summer. The shallow montane soil cannot hold enough water to support summer transpiration, and plants must access deeper moisture from the weathered bedrock. We used the HYDRUS‐1D model to simulate the moisture flux through the soil‐plant continuum in Southern California's San Jacinto Mountains. The mechanisms facilitating deep water access are poorly understood, and it is possible that either or both hydraulic lift and capillary rise contribute to the survival and activity of trees and soil microorganisms. We modified HYDRUS to incorporate hydraulic lift and drove it with meteorological and physiological data. The modeled quantity of water lifted hydraulically ranged from near zero during the wet months to ~28 mm month−1 in midsummer. Likewise, modeled capillary rise was negligible during the winter and averaged ~15 mm month−1 during June through November. Both mechanisms provided water to support evapotranspiration during the dry months. Isotopic measurements of xylem water for eight shrub and tree species confirmed the importance of a deep source of water. Conventional and automated minirhizotron observations showed that fine‐root and rhizomorph biomass remained relatively constant year‐round, while mycorrhizal hyphae biomass varied markedly, peaking in the wet season and declining by ~70% in the dry season. Model results predict that hydraulic lift and capillary rise play key roles in Southern California's mountains: they support evapotranspiration and photosynthesis during the summer drought; they contribute to the year‐round survival of fine roots and soil microorganisms.
Controls on and impacts of the diurnal cycle of deep convective precipitation
Authors: Hohenegger C. , Stevens B.
Published: October 2013

Cumulus parameterizations have well‐known difficulties in capturing the diurnal cycle of tropical precipitation. This study explores the degree to which prescribed variations in cumulus mixing (entrainment/detrainment) can affect the precipitation diurnal cycle over a certain region and contribute to major climatic biases. This is achieved by artificially adjusting cumulus mixing rates as a function of time and location. It is found that variations in cumulus mixing can easily control the phase and amplitude of the oceanic precipitation diurnal cycle but not the total amount. The situation is different over land: the precipitation timing cannot be controlled by the mixing rates alone. Moreover, shifting the precipitation peak from noon to later times reduces the precipitation amplitude due to the strong diurnal cycle in convective triggering. This shift is accompanied by a reduction in net shortwave radiation and in latent heat flux (transpiration), which acts to reduce the total precipitation amount. The use of fixed SST and the absence of vegetation prevent a similar behavior over ocean. Climatic biases, as e.g., expressed by the location and structure of precipitation objects, seem not to be sensitive to the precipitation timing as long as the daily averaged precipitation remains similar. The differences are also smaller than differences induced by more structural changes performed to the convection scheme. Systematic but weak dependencies can mainly be isolated over the maritime continent, in the land‐to‐ocean precipitation ratio, in the location of the Atlantic ITCZ, in the surface fluxes over land, and in the net shortwave radiation.
Real‐Time Changes in Arctic Ice Presented in Online Portal
Authors: Fausto Robert S. , Colgan William , Langen Peter L.
Published: October 2013

The contemporary Arctic cryosphere is in a highly transient state, responding to a persistent and accelerating climate forcing. Over the past decade, the frequency with which annual ice losses in Greenland reached record highs and annual sea ice area in the Arctic reached record lows has been exceptional: Each year, the Greenland ice sheet has lost roughly as much ice, if melted, to fill most of Lake Erie, and since 2007, all sea ice minima have been smaller than those seen between 1979 and 2006. The anticipated consequences of cryospheric change, including more solar radiation absorbed by newly exposed patches of seawater where there once was ice and substantial sea level rise thanks to melting glaciers, provide a strong motivation to understand the state of Arctic ice.
Exploring and Improving Access to High Vertical Resolution Radiosonde Data
Authors: Love Peter T. , Geller Marvin A.
Published: October 2013

A workshop was held in Stony Brook, N. Y., to discuss new research results relating to high vertical resolution radiosonde data (HVRRD), to explore new research applications using HVRRD, and to discuss improving access to HVRRD worldwide. The workshop, sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and Stratosphere‐Troposphere Processes and the Role in Climate (SPARC), a core project of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), was attended by 19 scientists from 9 countries.
Free Workshop for Teachers at the 2013 AGU Fall Meeting
Authors: Tamalavage Anne
Published: October 2013

In keeping with its commitment to fostering the next generation of Earth and space scientists, AGU is partnering with the National Earth Science Teachers Association to hold the annual Geophysical Information for Teachers (GIFT) workshop at the 2013 AGU Fall Meeting. GIFT allows K–12 science educators (both classroom and informal) to hear from scientists about their latest Earth and space science research, explore new classroom resources for engaging students, and visit exhibits and technical sessions during the Fall Meeting.
Newly described clinical features in two siblings with MACS syndrome and a novel mutation in RIN2
Authors: Aslanger Ayca D. , Altunoglu Umut , Aslanger Emre , Satkın Bilge N. , Uyguner Zehra Oya , Kayserili Hülya
Published: October 2013

The disorder comprising Macrocephaly, Alopecia, Cutis laxa, and Scoliosis has been designated MACS syndrome. It is a rare condition, inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Three families from different ethnic origins have so far been reported and were all linked to homozygous mutations in RIN2, a gene encoding the Ras and Rab interactor 2 protein involved in cell trafficking. We describe herein the fourth family with MACS syndrome in two siblings carrying a novel homozygous mutation, c.1878_1879insC in exon 8 of the RIN2 gene, which predicts p.Ile627Hisfs*7. We also report on additional findings not previously described in MACS syndrome, including bronchiectasis and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Finally, our overall data support the argument that RIN2 syndrome is a more appropriate name for the disorder. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetic variability of flecainide in younger Japanese patients and mechanisms for renal excretion and intestinal absorption
Authors: Horie Asuka , Ishida Kazuya , Shibata Kaito , Taguchi Masato , Ozawa Ayaka , Hirono Keiichi , Ichida Fukiko , Hashimoto Yukiya
Published: October 2013

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the variability of pharmacokinetics of flecainide in young Japanese patients and to investigate the mechanisms of renal excretion and intestinal absorption of the drug using cultured epithelial cells. First the plasma concentration data of flecainide was analysed in 16 Japanese patients aged between 0.07 and 18.30 years using a one‐compartment model. Considerable interindividual variability was observed in the oral clearance (CL/F) and the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) of flecainide in the young patients. Flecainide was transported selectively in the basolateral‐to‐apical direction in P‐glycoprotein‐expressing renal epithelial LLC‐GA5‐COL150 cell monolayers. The uptake of flecainide into intestinal epithelial LS180 cells was decreased significantly by acidification of the extracellular medium, and was inhibited by tertiary amines, such as diphenhydramine and quinidine. These findings in the present study suggest that flecainide is excreted by P‐glycoprotein in the renal tubule and is taken up by the postulated H+/tertiary amine antiporter in the intestine, and that functional variability of not only the hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzymes, but also the transporters in the kidney and intestine, may be responsible for the interindividual variability of systemic clearance (CL) and/or the bioavailability (F) of flecainide. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.