bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Juridical Analysis Of Personnel Dispute Resolution In The State Administrative Court (Analysis Of Case Decision Number 45/G/2020/Ptun-Jkt)
Authors: Indy Setiawan Hatta , Abustan Abustan
Published: March 2024

Juridical settlement of personnel disputes according to Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning the State Civil Apparatus is resolved through administrative remedies, consisting of administrative objections and appeals. Personnel dispute resolution is resolved through the State Administrative Court, while in Law No. 5 of 2014, personnel dispute resolution is resolved through administrative efforts consisting of administrative objections and appeals. Based on this, the legal protection provided by Law No. 5 of 2014 against the State Civil Apparatus in dispute reduces the procedural rights of the State Civil Apparatus,because it can no longer defend its rights to the judiciary. Law enforcement carried out by judges in examining and trying case No. 45/G/2020/PTUN-JKT., is in accordance with legal provisions as specified in the PTUN Law. Based on the examination before the court, it was revealed that the legal facts that the defendant had issued a decree on the object of dispute, namely the Decree of the Governor of DKI Jakarta No. 1616 of 2019 concerning the imposition of severe disciplinary punishment in the form of dishonorable dismissal of non-permanent employees on behalf of Susanto at Satpol. PP. not in accordance with the principle of presumption of innocence, the Defendant has also issued a decision on the object of dispute not in accordance with the basic regulations that authorize the Defendant so that in substance the decision of the object of dispute contains juridical reproach. One of the resolutions of disputes according to Islamic law is the courts (Al-qadha). Etymologically, Al-qadha means to decide to establish. While terminologically, Al-qadha is a judicial institution tasked with delivering binding legal decisions. The postulates about qadha' are quite numerous in QS. Al-Baqarah (2) verse 213.
Risks In Provision Of Collateral Free Individual Loans: A Case Study Of Bank Rakyat Indonesia
Authors: Parid Parid , Widiyono Try
Published: March 2024

Collateral Free Loans is a bank loan product offered by banks as lenders with the advantage that customers as prospective borrowers are not asked to provide collateral or guarantees in the form of any assets as a condition for being able to borrow money. The advantage of this loan is that someone can apply for credit without guaranteeing their goods. However, the absence of collateral in granting credit sometimes creates problems for the parties, especially the bank as the lender. This study aims to answer the question of how the risk is in providing individual loan without collateral carried out by Bank BRI, and how the application of the prudential principle in managing the risk of individual loans without collateral at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). This is a qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection is done by interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the risks faced by banks in efforts to provide individual loan without collateral are 3 factors. The first is non-compliance with the standard requirements for granting credit which includes data collection, data analysis and preparation of conclusions and recommendations. Second, the authenticity of important documents that must also be attached is sometimes doubted. Third, the occurrence of irregularities in paying debts by the payer/treasurer. To minimize the risk of lending, BRI applies the prudential principles in accordance with banking laws through credit analysis which consists of 5 (five) principles, namely character, capital, capacity, condition, and collateral, with an emphasis on 2 aspects, namely character and capacity. These two principles are in line with the fiduciary principle and prudential principle in banking law.
The Status Of Grondkaart As A Tool Of Proof Of Land Registration In Indonesia
Authors: W. Wardhani Dinar , Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani I , Karjoko Lego
Published: March 2024

Grondkaart as one of the basis of control over land owned by individuals or legal entities, one of which is PT. KAI (Persero). The unclear position of grondkaart in the systematics of laws and regulations has resulted in various land tenure disputes. The purpose of this research is to provide information and legal consequences of grondkaart as evidence of land registration in Indonesia. The method used is a normative juridical approach with literature review on laws and civil cases in court. Grondkaart as evidence of land tenure and guidance because it refers to article 97 PP Number 18 of 2021, Besluit No 3 of 1890, there is no provision for the conversion of the UUPA, and it is not mentioned in one of the proofs of new rights based on PP Number 24 of 1997.
Human Resources Empowerment On Community Learning Activities Center In Tulungagung East Java Indonesia
Authors: Mastur Mastur
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the study is to know the process of management learning activities center following planning, organizing, implementation, controlling, and evaluation. To knows human resources empowerment community Learning activities center with a tutor and professional teacher, interviewer, and conduct research for teacher, tutor, and student. This study used a qualitative approach with the case study. The research location is CommunityCommunity Learning activities center Wahyu Surya Pelangi Campurdarat, Nurani Tanggung Campurdarat and Sinar Pagi Pagerwojo Kabupaten Tulungagung. The data collection technique is used observation, dept interview, and documentation. Data analysis on individual case studies uses the Miles dan Huberman model use data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, data analysis cross-case with comparative analysis recommended by Yin (2002). Data reliability is used for credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. The result of the study: First, the management process of PKBM Tulungagung Jawa Timur Indonesia includes (a) planning used to decide the program conducted by PKBM, aim, and solution to face the obstacle raised (b) Organizing used to divide many classes suitable with ages, in other that can be differences between young and old learner, and organizational management structure PKBM with decided each task (c) the role implementation is to decide who can run the program PKBM, who as a teacher, and who as a student, and who as a person responsible of the program, and (d) The function of evaluation is to assess the program conducted or running, and decided the solution of obstacles. Second, human resources empowerment on PKBM Tulungagung Jawa Timur Indonesia. Many activities of empowerment are: (a) teaching activities taught by professionals, (b) giving training to the teacher to increase their skill to teach young and old learners (c) giving add programs of education and skill such as vocational, culinary art, etc. (d) incurring tutor from partner agency to give socialization for student, (e) Implementation the program of PKBM planned before, and (f) selection professional teacher will teach in PKBM.
Comprehensive Study Enhancing Quality Of Education In Indonesia: Leadership, Work Environment, Motivation Among Vocational School Teachers
Authors: Dwiyono Gunawan , Purnomo Purnomo , Sutadji Eddy , Devi Mazarina
Published: March 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic's end led to rapid adaptation in the education sector with a shift to online learning for approximately 2 years. This prolonged duration resulted in a decline in education quality evident in online learning. Post-pandemic research aims to analyze the impact of leadership, work environment, and work motivation on vocational teachers in Indonesia. Regression analysis demonstrates that these factors collectively influence education quality. However, partial analysis reveals insignificant effects of leadership, while the work environment significantly impacts education quality. Motivation and teacher performance show no significant contributions to education quality. Further research recommendation includes using longitudinal analysis over an extended period to assess variable-related changes.
Students' Mathematical Understanding Ability and Self-Confidence Through Collaborative Think Pair Share and Talking Stick Learning Models at SMA Kemala Bhayangkari-2 Rantau Prapat
Authors: Magriani Nasution Dina , Harahap Amin
Published: March 2024

Through the combination of the Think-Pair-Share and Talking-Stick models, this project aimed to improve learning outcomes and increase mathematical engagement among students in class XI at SMA Kemala Bhayangkari-2 Rantau Prapat. This study represents classroom action research. The research was done in two cycles, with each cycle including preparation, execution, observation, and reflection. This study involved 30 students from class XI at SMA Kemala Bhayangkari-2 Rantau Prapat. The sources of data are teachers and students. Various methods of data collecting include observation, interviews, testing, and document analysis. Using data triangulation and triangulation procedures to determine the veracity of the data. Comparative and critical descriptive analysis approaches were employed in the data analysis. Planning, implementation, observation and interpretation, and analysis and reflection are the research methods. The results demonstrated that by applying the Think Pair Share collaborative approach with the Talking Stick, learning outcomes may be enhanced and student engagement encouraged. This study concludes that the implementation of the Think Pair Share Model Collaboration with the Talking Stick model can improve learning results and stimulate student participation in administration courses.
Inclusive Education Policy In Indonesia: Best Practices, Challenges, And Future Directions
Authors: Nabiela Himmaya Syahnas , Ulfatin Nurul
Published: March 2024

Inclusive education in Indonesia aims to provide equal access to education for all children, including those with special needs. The government's adoption of inclusive policies aims to create a discriminatory-free educational environment. Best practices involve developing a curriculum that supports diversity, providing teacher training to enhance their understanding of the needs of special students, and fostering an inclusive school environment. Despite challenges such as a lack of resources and social stigma, collaboration among schools, parents, and communities is considered crucial for success. Overcoming these challenges requires further efforts. The future direction of inclusive education policies includes teacher training, improving the accessibility of educational facilities for students with special needs, and expanding collaborations with relevant stakeholders. Policy updates and responsive educational programs are key to creating a sustainable inclusive education system in the future.
Implementation Of Accreditation Follow-Up Management (IAFUM) To Enhance Vocational High School Education Quality (Descriptive Study Of SMK XYZ In Bandung City)
Authors: Roro Vemmi Kesuma Dewi R. , Zahro Mariatuz , Yulistiana Ika
Published: March 2024

This research identifies key post-accreditation issues in Vocational High Schools (VHS/SMK), highlighting low awareness of educational quality, limited involvement in planning, and a mismatch between SMK graduate skills and industry needs. Busy schedules hinder evaluating accreditation outcomes, delaying improvements and re-accreditation preparations. The study applies Corrective Action, Preventive Action, and Continuous Improvement concepts aligned with ISO 9001:2015. It analyzes Accreditation Follow-up Management's (IAFuM) impact on SMK XYZ in Bandung, employing a descriptive qualitative method. Accreditation, crucial for program eligibility, operates independently based on open criteria and government regulations. Findings reveal that while IAFuM was executed at SMK XYZ with documented planning, implementation, and evaluation actions, no records of the Inventory of Problems Resulting from Accreditation (IPRA) were found. The School Self-Evaluation based on National Education Standards (NES) and the School Quality Management System (QMS) lacked documentation. Post-IAFuM implementation, improvements in teaching processes, educator competency, administrative services, community participation, and industry collaboration were observed. However, not all schools saw enhanced alumni absorption or national exam scores. Insufficient follow-ups such as corrective actions, preventive measures, and sustainable enhancements were noted.Recommendations to boost education quality at SMK XYZ Bandung include: schools and accreditation teams reviewing issues, integrating IAFuM with QMS, policymakers considering IAFuM for accreditation gaps and school mentoring, and Accreditation Body for School/Madrasa (AB-S/M) including accreditation result records in school certificates.
The Principle Of Good Faith In Collective Labor Agreements Between Employers And Labor Unions In Review Of Contract Law
Authors: Safrida Safrida
Published: March 2024

The principle of good faith is an important principle in contract law and is accepted in variouslegal systems, but until now the doctrine of good faith is still controversial Good faith is knownby 2 (two) phases, namely the pre-contract phase and the contract execution phase. The precontract phase is called subjective good faith, which means that good faith is more directedtowards honesty, while good faith in the contract implementation phase is called objective goodfaith, which means that good faith is interpreted as appropriateness and decency or justice. Awork agreement is an agreement between workers/laborers and employers or employers thatcontains working conditions, rights and obligations for the parties. The definition of workingconditions is the rights and obligations of employers and workers that have not been regulatedin laws and regulations. Work agreements made must not conflict with existing laboragreements or Collective Labor Agreements (KKB)/Collective Labor Agreements (PKB). Thisresearch uses normative legal research sourced from secondary data related to the researchtopic, secondary data that has been regularly arranged and then analyzed qualitatively. Fromthe research conducted, it was found that the position of the principle of good faith is veryimportant not only at the stage of making (signing) and post-making (implementation) of thecontract, but also at the pre-making (drafting) ) stage of the contract because in the practice ofcontract law the judge does use his authority to interfere with the contents of the contract. Thelegal consequences of a collective bargaining agreement that does not contain the principle ofgood faith are that if the subjective requirements concerning the subject of the CBA areincomplete, or in other words the requirements that must be met are not appropriate for thosewho wish to make a CBA, then the CBA that has been made can be requested for cancellation bythe trade union/labor union. If the cancellation is not requested by both parties concerned, thenthe PKB remains valid for the parties. The first legal effort made by PT United Rope with thelabor union is by way of deliberation to reach consensus first, although in dispute resolution ifthere is no good faith in the collective labor agreement is through 2 (two) systems, namely first,non -litigation / outside the industrial relations court, namely bipartite settlement, mediation,conciliation and arbitration, while the second settlement is litigation.
Scrunitizing Social Presence of In-Service EFL Teachers’ Instruction in The Enactment Of Blended Learning
Authors: Nasrullah Nasrullah , Rosalina Elsa , Mariani Nanik , Rezma Sari Annisa , Alfisah Mutiara , Rahmadina Nida , Ainah Noor
Published: March 2024

Technology utilization learning is gaining popularity especially when online learning is conducted during and after the worldwide pandemic. Many studies have examined blended learning as an effort to integrate online learning and face-to-face learning which has an impact on increasing student engagement, improving learning outcomes, and providing a more flexible and personalized educational experience. However, the results of previous research also reported that the application of online learning has minimal interaction, thus leading to less meaningful learning. To respond to these problems, this study aims to investigate perceptions about the application of social presence in English teaching in the implementation of blended learning. The results of this study show that quantitatively English teachers have applied 3 important aspects of social presence, of which 59.82% agreed with teaching activities based on affective categories. Followed by the second position, which strongly agrees with 39.50% and disagrees with the application as much as 0.69%. In the Open Communication category, as many as 62.37% of English teachers also agreed with the implementation of this activity, 34.72% strongly agreed, and as many as 3% expressed disapproval. Meanwhile, on the concept of group cohesion, as many as 64.63% agreed, and 35.37% strongly agreed with this concept.
Implementation Of Constituent Recall Of Political Officers In Indonesia As An Effort To Strengthen The Principle Of People's Sovereignty
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin , Prabu Buana Rumiartha Nyoman
Published: March 2024

In Indonesia, the idea of recall has only ever been used by political parties; hence, the general populace has never been given the opportunity to participate in the recall procedure (also known as a constituent recall) for members of the DPR and DPRD who have been directly elected by the people. This is problematic due to the fact that it does not adhere to the democratic values and the notion of people sovereignty that are stipulated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. As a result, it is not in conformity with these principles. Doctrinal research is the research technique that was used in this study. Doctrinal research is defined as research that investigates laws that are conceptualised and produced based on the doctrines that are adhered to by the conceptualizers or formulators. This kind of study also falls under the category of normative research. The notion of political party recall rights is the subject of the study that is referred to in this research.
As A Result Of The Laws Of Buying And Sale Of Used Land Of Eigendom State Which Is Conducted Under Hands
Authors: Al Ayubi Aji Ilham , Karjoko Lego , Waluyo Waluyo
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal consequences of a land sale and purchase agreement under a former eigendom right (customary law) based on customary law and Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning land registration. The study also aims to construct the procedure for land registration applications on the former eigendom right based on current applicable regulations. This research adopts a normative legal research approach with legislative and conceptual approaches. The results of the research indicate that a land sale and purchase agreement under a former eigendom right cannot be registered with the land office as the institution issuing land certificates, even though the agreement is considered legally valid under customary law because it adheres to the principles of real, cash, and clear. The land office accepts the application for registration of land under the former eigendom right based on the regulations, namely the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Regulation Number 18 of 2021 concerning Procedures for Determining Management Rights and Rights to Land, Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Regulation Number 3 of 2020 concerning Procedures for Determining and Registering Rights to Land Formerly Owned by Individual Citizens of the Netherlands or Legal Entities Owned by the Netherlands, Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Regulation Number 16 of 2022 concerning Delegation of Authority for Determination of Land Rights and Land Registration Activities, and Minister of Finance Regulation Number 31/PMK.06/2015 of 2015 concerning Settlement of Former Foreign/Chinese-Owned Assets.
Modern Technologies in Marketing during the COVID-19 Pandemic – State of the Literature Research
Authors: CZAPLA Alina
Published: March 2024

The use of modern technologies in marketing is characteristic of fast-changing industries and big innovative companies. However, the situation changed during the pandemic crisis when companies had to deal with a high-velocity environment. We could observe, that modern technologies were used in marketing also by small companies from various industries. Firms, that had not seen such a need before, were using these marketing tools. This study aims to examine the state of research on the use of modern technologies in marketing during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review of the literature was used as the research method. Research has shown that although the number of publications on the topic under investigation is still relatively small, the papers on the application of modern technologies in marketing are very diverse. This study has also practical implications, as companies may use its results as an incentive to use modern technologies in their work.
Perception of the Relationship Between the Phenomenon of Indulgent and Luxury Goods Consumption
Authors: GIL Luciana , DRYL Wioleta , ROY Subhadip
Published: March 2024

Luxury is a subjective concept, interpreted through the prism of many, often very personal variables. Luxury products satisfy higher needs, their acquisition is motivated by the desire to manifest high social status, to provide pleasure, not to eliminate discomfort as is often the case with mass products. One of the reasons for acquiring luxury goods is consumers’ desire to indulge themselves. The aim of the article is to assess the extent to which luxury and luxury products are associated with the phenomenon of indulgence, what motivates both behaviors, and what is consumers’ attitude towards them. To achieve this goal, an analysis of the literature on luxury consumption and indulgent behaviors, as well as research findings on these phenomena, was conducted. A study using Focus Group Interviews was also carried out. The research was conducted among Polish respondents, but it is a preliminary step to further, in-depth studies in an international team.
Political Economy of Resource Allocation in Balochistan: Assessing the Role of Government Policies and Bureaucratic Mechanisms
Authors: Naseer Ahmed  , Amir Jan
Published: March 2024

Paper critically evaluates the political economy of resources distribution in Balochistan by using a balanced panel approach from 2008-09 to 2018-19. The study has been conducted to highlight the key causes of irregular distribution of development funds in Balochistan and find out their serious implications for people in general. To get the  authentic and validated results, a rich dataset has been obtained from the various sources of Government of Balochistan, non-governmental organizations and federal agencies. The results of the study reveal that political groups and top-level bureaucracy influence resource allocations during the course of budget making process. Politicians and other top bureaucracies keep their own interests in mind and divert public resources to develop their own districts. The districts which are poor in socio-economic indicators, are supposed to be allocated more funds but they are ignored. The study has tried to answer the question that what factors are involved in the proper distribution of provincial funds and how to address the issue. However, the study reveals that there is a serious influential impact of senior ministers of cabinets who have always dominated the provincial development funds which ultimately result in the enhanced poverty ratio, and backwardness in other districts of Balochistan which lack proper and influential representatives.
PRJAH PROGRESSIVE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ARTS & HUMANITIES www.prjah.org An International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact of Work life Conflict, Social Relationship and Job Performance towards Work place Stress
Authors: Sobia  , Naimatullah Shah  , Syed Zulfiqar Haider Zaidi
Published: March 2024

In the present organizational scenario, workplace stress has become a massive challenge due to its connection with psychological, physical, and emotional strain. Considering the importance of such an important aspect, this paper examines the factors that affect workplace stress in the private banking sectors of Sindh Province, Pakistan. This is a quantitative study and utilized cross-sectional data collected from the front-line managers, employing a survey questionnaire. The researchers utilized 280 valid samples to conclude the study. Using the SPSS version 27.0 for Windows, the study's results reveal a significant positive effect of work-life conflict and social relationships on the workplace stress. On the other hand, the study found a negative impact of job performance on workplace stress among the line managers of private sector banks in Sindh, Pakistan. These findings can help company leaders develop and implement quality-of-life strategies and other measures to decrease workplace stress and improve the quality of life of employees and their families, thereby creating social change. The study outcomes would help settle the organizational conflicts that push employees towards deep pressure and stress. Finally, scientific research can play an essential role in the stability of Pakistan's economy by supporting the financial sector. The study may be a robust layout of decreasing pressure and stress among the employees of different sectors.
Contemporary Drama and the Question of the Neo-avant-garde Legacy of the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Troha Gašper
Published: March 2024

To some extent, contemporary drama is the heir of the neo-avant-garde of the late 1960s and1970s. This time was that of the so-called performative turn, which pulled theatre away fromrepresentation and towards presentation. The subsequent development can be designatedby various labels, such as postdramatic theatre, the aesthetics of the performative and, in thecase of dramatic texts, the no longer dramatic theatre text, “In-Yer-Face” theatre, etc.

In Slovenia, a decisive turn from text to event took place towards the end of the 1960s.During this time, the first happenings and performance art pieces were taking place. Inreviewing the performance Pupilija, papa Pupilo pa Pupilčki (Pupillja, Papa Pupilo and thePupilceks), Veno Taufer went as far as to declare the death of literary theatre. At firstglance, it would thus appear that contemporary playwriting is merely repeating earlierpatterns. While contemporary playwriting may more radically formulate linguistic andaesthetic games, it deconstructs the dramatic form and thus radicalises the premises ofthe neo-avant-gardes; in the last two decades, we have been talking about a return todramatic, post-postdramatic and dramatic drama, etc.

Through a comparative analysis of two of the more radical texts from Blaž Lukan’s anthologyGenerator:: za proizvodnjo poljubnega števila dramskih kompleksov (The Generator:: forManufacturing Any Number of Drama Complexes), namely Dušan Jovanović’s Sinopsisza happening Hlapci (Synopsis for The Happening of Lackeys) and Rastko Močnik’sGenerator, ki iz določenih enot in po preprostih pravilih proizvaja poljubno število dramskihkompleksov (A Generator that Produces Any Number of Drama Complexes from GivenUnits and According to Simple Rules) as well as Simona Semenič’s mi, evropski mrliči(we, the european corpses) and Varja Hrvatin’s Vse se je začelo z golažem iz zajčkov (ItAll Started with the Bunny Rabbit Goulash), the paper shows that the neo-avant-gardeis more about the question of theatrical performances and the form of the dramatic text,while contemporary drama is more about the search for authenticity and dramatic effects.
Sea salt reactivity over the northwest Atlantic: an in-depth look using the airborne ACTIVATE dataset
Authors: Edwards Eva-Lou , Choi Yonghoon , Crosbie Ewan C. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Robinson Claire E. , Shook Michael A. , Winstead Edward L. , Ziemba Luke D. , Sorooshian Armin
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Chloride (Cl−) displacement from sea salt particles is an extensively studied phenomenon with implications for human health, visibility, and the global radiation budget. Past works have investigated Cl− depletion over the northwest Atlantic (NWA); however, an updated, multi-seasonal, and geographically expanded account of sea salt reactivity over the region is needed. This study uses chemically resolved mass concentrations and meteorological data from the airborne Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) to quantify seasonal, spatial, and meteorological trends in Cl− depletion and to explore the importance of quantifying (1) non-sea salt sources of Na+ and (2) mass concentrations of lost Cl− (instead of relative amounts displaced). Lost Cl− mass concentrations are lowest in December–February and March, moderate around Bermuda in June, and highest in May (median losses of 0.04, 0.04, 0.66, and 1.76 µg m−3, respectively), with losses in May that are high enough to potentially accelerate tropospheric oxidation rates. Inorganic acidic species can account for all Cl− depletion in December–February, March, and June near Bermuda but none of the lost Cl− in May, suggesting that organic acids may be of importance for Cl− displacement in certain months. Contributions of dust to Na+ are not important seasonally but may cause relevant overestimates of lost Cl− in smoke and dust plumes. Higher percentages of Cl− depletion often do not correspond to larger mass concentrations of lost Cl−, so it is highly recommended to quantify the latter to place depletion reactions in context with their role in atmospheric oxidation and radiative forcing.
First validation of high-resolution satellite-derived methane emissions from an active gas leak in the UK
Authors: Dowd Emily , Manning Alistair J. , Orth-Lashley Bryn , Girard Marianne , France James , Fisher Rebecca E. , Lowry Dave , Lanoisellé Mathias , Pitt Joseph R. , Stanley Kieran M. , O'Doherty Simon , Young Dickon , Thistlethwaite Glen , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Gloor Emanuel , Wilson Chris
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric methane (CH4) is the second-most-important anthropogenic greenhouse gas and has a 20-year global warming potential 82 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO2). Anthropogenic sources account for ∼ 60 % of global CH4 emissions, of which 20 % come from oil and gas exploration, production and distribution. High-resolution satellite-based imaging spectrometers are becoming important tools for detecting and monitoring CH4 point source emissions, aiding mitigation. However, validation of these satellite measurements, such as those from the commercial GHGSat satellite constellation, has so far not been documented for active leaks. Here we present the monitoring and quantification, by GHGSat's satellites, of the CH4 emissions from an active gas leak from a downstream natural gas distribution pipeline near Cheltenham, UK, in the spring and summer of 2023 and provide the first validation of the satellite-derived emission estimates using surface-based mobile greenhouse gas surveys. We also use a Lagrangian transport model, the UK Met Office's Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME), to estimate the flux from both satellite- and ground-based observation methods and assess the leak's contribution to observed concentrations at a local tall tower site (30 km away). We find GHGSat's emission estimates to be in broad agreement with those made from the in situ measurements. During the study period (March–June 2023) GHGSat's emission estimates are 236–1357 kg CH4 h−1, whereas the mobile surface measurements are 634–846 kg CH4 h−1. The large variability is likely down to variations in flow through the pipe and engineering works across the 11-week period. Modelled flux estimates in NAME are 181–1243 kg CH4 h−1, which are lower than the satellite- and mobile-survey-derived fluxes but are within the uncertainty. After detecting the leak in March 2023, the local utility company was contacted, and the leak was fixed by mid-June 2023. Our results demonstrate that GHGSat's observations can produce flux estimates that broadly agree with surface-based mobile measurements. Validating the accuracy of the information provided by targeted, high-resolution satellite monitoring shows how it can play an important role in identifying emission sources, including unplanned fugitive releases that are inherently challenging to identify, track, and estimate their impact and duration. Rapid, widespread access to such data to inform local action to address fugitive emission sources across the oil and gas supply chain could play a significant role in reducing anthropogenic contributions to climate change.
Variability and drivers of carbonate chemistry at shellfish aquaculture sites in the Salish Sea, British Columbia
Authors: Simpson Eleanor , Ianson Debby , Kohfeld Karen E. , Franco Ana C. , Covert Paul A. , Davelaar Marty , Perreault Yves
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Ocean acidification (OA) reduces seawater pH and calcium carbonate saturation states (Ω), which can have detrimental effects on calcifying organisms such as shellfish. Nearshore areas, where shellfish aquaculture typically operates, have limited data available to characterize variability in key ocean acidification parameters pH and Ω, as samples are costly to analyze and difficult to collect. This study collected samples from four nearshore locations at shellfish aquaculture sites on the Canadian Pacific coast from 2015–2018 and analyzed them for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA), enabling the calculation of pH and Ω for all seasons. The study evaluated the diel and seasonal variability in carbonate chemistry conditions at each location and estimated the contribution of drivers to seasonal and diel changes in pH and Ω. Nearshore locations experience a greater range of variability and seasonal and daily changes in pH and Ω than open waters. Biological uptake of DIC by phytoplankton is the major driver of seasonal and diel changes in pH and Ω at our nearshore sites. The study found that freshwater is not a key driver of diel variability, despite large changes over the day in some locations. We find that during summer at mid-depth (5–20 m), where it is cooler, pH, Ω, and oxygen conditions are still favourable for shellfish. These results suggest that if shellfish are hung lower in the water column, they may avoid high sea surface temperatures, without inducing OA and oxygen stress.
Frost matters: incorporating late-spring frost into a dynamic vegetation model regulates regional productivity dynamics in European beech forests
Authors: Meyer Benjamin F. , Buras Allan , Gregor Konstantin , Layritz Lucia S. , Principe Adriana , Kreyling Jürgen , Rammig Anja , Zang Christian S.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Late-spring frost (LSF) is a critical factor influencing the functioning of temperate forest ecosystems. Frost damage in the form of canopy defoliation impedes the ability of trees to effectively photosynthesize, thereby reducing tree productivity. In recent decades, LSF frequency has increased across Europe, likely intensified by the effects of climate change. With increasing warming, many deciduous tree species have shifted towards earlier budburst and leaf development. The earlier start of the growing season not only facilitates forest productivity but also lengthens the period during which trees are most susceptible to LSF. Moreover, recent forest transformation efforts in Europe intended to increase forest resilience to climate change have focused on increasing the share of deciduous species in forests. To assess the ability of forests to remain productive under climate change, dynamic vegetation models (DVMs) have proven to be useful tools. Currently, however, most state-of-the-art DVMs do not model processes related to LSF and the associated impacts. Here, we present a novel LSF module for integration with the dynamic vegetation model Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS). This new model implementation, termed LPJ-GUESS-FROST, provides the ability to directly attribute simulated impacts on forest productivity dynamics to LSF. We use the example of European beech, one of the dominant deciduous species in central Europe, to demonstrate the functioning of our novel LSF module. Using a network of tree-ring observations from past frost events, we show that LPJ-GUESS-FROST can reproduce productivity reductions caused by LSF. Further, to exemplify the effects of including LSF dynamics in DVMs, we run LPJ-GUESS-FROST for a study region in southern Germany for which high-resolution climate observations are available. Here, we show that modeled LSF plays a substantial role in regulating regional net primary production (NPP) and biomass dynamics, emphasizing the need for LSF to be more widely accounted for in DVMs.
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Authors: Perez-Quezada Jorge F. , Trejo David , Lopatin Javier , Aguilera David , Osborne Bruce , Galleguillos Mauricio , Zattera Luca , Celis-Diez Juan L. , Armesto Juan J.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The variability and drivers of carbon and water fluxes and their relationship to ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) in natural ecosystems of southern South America are still poorly understood. For 8 years (2015–2022), we measured carbon dioxide net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and evapotranspiration (ET) using eddy covariance towers in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern Chile. NEE was partitioned into gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco), while ET was partitioned into evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) and used to estimate different expressions of ecosystem WUE. We then used the correlation between detrended time series and structural equation modelling to identify the main environmental drivers of WUE, GPP, ET, E and T. The results showed that the forest was a consistent carbon sink (−486 ± 23 g C m−2 yr−1), while the peatland was, on average, a small source (33 ± 21 g C m−2 yr−1). WUE is low in both ecosystems and likely explained by the high annual precipitation in this region (∼ 2100 mm). Only expressions of WUE that included atmospheric water demand showed seasonal variation. Variations in WUE were related more to changes in ET than to changes in GPP, while T remained relatively stable, accounting for around 47 % of ET for most of the study period. For both ecosystems, E increased with higher global radiation and higher surface conductance and when the water table was closer to the surface. Higher values for E were also found with increased wind speeds in the forest and higher air temperatures in the peatland. The absence of a close relationship between ET and GPP is likely related to the dominance of plant species that either do not have stomata (i.e. mosses in the peatland or epiphytes in the forest) or have poor stomatal control (i.e. anisohydric tree species in the forest). The observed increase in potential ET in the last 2 decades and the projected drought in this region suggests that WUE could increase in these ecosystems, particularly in the forest, where stomatal control may be more significant.
Sea-level and monsoonal control on the Maldives carbonate platform (Indian Ocean) over the last 1.3 million years
Authors: Alonso-Garcia Montserrat , Reolid Jesus , Jimenez-Espejo Francisco J. , Bialik Or M. , Alvarez Zarikian Carlos A. , Laya Juan Carlos , Carrasquiera Igor , Jovane Luigi , Reijmer John J. G. , Eberli Gregor P. , Betzler Christian
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The Maldives Archipelago (Indian Ocean), composed of two rows of atolls that enclose an inner sea, offers an excellent study site to explore the forcings of carbonate production at platforms. Glacial–interglacial sea-level changes have been claimed to be the main factor controlling the carbonate platform factories; however, climatic factors may also have an impact. In this work we used geochemical compositional records, obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core-scanning from the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1467 in the Maldives Inner Sea, to analyze the orbitally driven fluctuations on the carbonate production and export from the neritic environment into the Maldives Inner Sea over the last 1.3 million years. High Sr aragonite-rich carbonates (HSAC) from neritic settings were deposited in the Maldives Inner Sea during sea-level highstand intervals, increasing the Sr/Ca values. In contrast, low Sr/Ca values are observed coincident with sea-level lowstand periods, suggesting that large areas of the atolls were exposed or unable to grow, and therefore, there was a demise in the carbonate production and sediment export to the Maldives Inner Sea. However, comparison of the Sr/Ca values and the sea-level reconstructions for different interglacial periods before and after the mid-Brunhes event (MBE, ∼ 430 ka) indicates that sea level is not the only factor controlling the production of HSAC during sea-level highstands. The study of monsoon and primary productivity proxies (Fe-normalized, Fe/K, and Br-normalized records) from the same site suggests that the intensity of the summer monsoon and the Indian Ocean dipole probably modulated the carbonate production at the atolls. Moreover, Marine Isotope Stage 11 stands out as a period with high sea level and extraordinary carbonate production in the Maldives platform. This outstanding carbonate production in the Maldives atolls (and in other low-latitude carbonate platforms) probably contributed to the mid-Brunhes dissolution event through a strong shelf-to-basin fractionation of carbonate deposition.
The impact of dehydration and extremely low HCl values in the Antarctic stratospheric vortex in mid-winter on ozone loss in spring
Authors: Zhang-Liu Yiran , Müller Rolf , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Robrecht Sabine , Vogel Bärbel , Zafar Abdul Mannan , Lehmann Ralph
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Simulations of Antarctic chlorine and ozone chemistry show that in the core of the Antarctic vortex (16–18 km, 85–55 hPa, 390–430 K) HCl null cycles (initiated by reactions CH4 + Cl and CH2O + Cl) are effective. These HCl null cycles allow HCl mixing ratios to remain very low throughout Antarctic winter and ozone destroying chlorine (ClOx) to remain enhanced, so that rapid ozone depletion proceeds. Sensitivity studies show that the reaction CH3O2 + ClO is important for the efficacy of the HCl null cycle initiated by the reaction CH4 + Cl and that using the current kinetic recommendations instead of earlier ones has little impact on the simulations. Dehydration in Antarctica strongly reduces ice formation and the uptake of HNO3 from the gas phase; however the efficacy of HCl null cycles is not affected. Further, the effect of the observed very low HCl mixing ratios in Antarctic winter are considered; HCl null cycles are efficient in maintaining low HCl (and high ClOx) throughout Antarctic winter. All simulations presented here for the core of the Antarctic vortex show extremely low minimum ozone values (below 50 ppb) in late September/early October in agreement with observations.
Drivers of Laptev Sea interannual variability in salinity and temperature
Authors: Hudson Phoebe A. , Martin Adrien C. H. , Josey Simon A. , Marzocchi Alice , Angeloudis Athanasios
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Eurasian rivers provide a quarter of total fresh water to the Arctic, maintaining a persistent fresh layer that covers the surface Arctic Ocean. This freshwater export controls Arctic Ocean stratification, circulation, and basin-wide sea ice concentration. The Lena River supplies the largest volume of runoff and plays a key role in this system, as runoff outflows into the Laptev Sea as a particularly shallow plume. Previous in situ and modelling studies suggest that local wind forcing is a driver of variability in Laptev sea surface salinity (SSS) but there is no consensus on the roles of Lena River discharge and sea ice cover in contributing to this variability or on the dominant driver of variability. Until recently, satellite SSS retrievals were insufficiently accurate for use in the Arctic. However, retreating sea ice cover and continuous progress in satellite product development have significantly improved SSS retrievals, giving satellite SSS data true potential in the Arctic. In this region, satellite-based SSS is found to agree well with in situ data (r>0.8) and provides notable improvements compared to the reanalysis product used in this study (r>0.7) in capturing patterns and variability observed in in situ data. This study demonstrates a novel method of identifying the dominant drivers of interannual variability in Laptev Sea dynamics within reanalysis products and testing if these relationships appear to hold in satellite-based SSS, sea surface temperature (SST) data, and in situ observations. The satellite SSS data firmly establish what is suggested by reanalysis products and what has previously been subject to debate due to the limited years and locations analysed with in situ data; the zonal wind is the dominant driver of offshore or onshore Lena River plume transport. The eastward wind confines the plume to the southern Laptev Sea and drives alongshore transport into the East Siberian Sea, and westward wind drives offshore plume transport into the northern Laptev Sea. This finding is affirmed by the strong agreement in SSS pattern under eastward and westward wind regimes in all reanalyses and satellite products used in this study, as well as with in situ data. The pattern of SST also varies with the zonal wind component and drives spatial variability in sea ice concentration.
Commemorating the figure of Nicolaus Copernicus
in the Polish People’s Republic period as an element
of historical policy pursued after 1945
Authors: Tomkiewicz Ryszard
Published: March 2024

W prowadzonej po 1945 r. polityce pamięci postać Kopernika wykorzystywano w kontekście prowadzonej narracji antyniemieckiej oraz potwierdzając odwieczne związki z państwem polskim pasa ziem przyłączonych po wojnie.
Towarzyszył temu pewien schemat. Marginalizując fakt, że był osobą duchowną, chwalono zasługi dla nauki światowej, podkreślano jego polskość i to, że potrafił przeciwstawić się Krzyżakom, utożsamianym z Niemcami. Zatem wymieniany był obok pogromców Krzyżaków spod Grunwaldu, ale też Armii Czerwonej i Wojska Polskiego, które, jako "zjednoczony świat słowiański", pokonały III Rzeszę. Wniosek był taki, że zarówno przed wiekami Kopernik, jak i w czasie II wojny światowej wojska sojusznicze pod wodzą ZSRR w istocie walczyły z Niemcami o te same cele, wśród których było m. in. przywrócenie Polsce terenów o piastowskim rodowodzie.
Mimo wykorzystywania postaci Kopernika w realizowanej polityce pamięci, astronom niezmiennie cieszył się dużą sympatią polskiego społeczeństwa.