bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Team-Based Learning in the Clinical Setting: Perspectives of Doctor of Nursing Practice Students
Authors: Minges Karl E.
Published: May 2019

Background

Team-based learning is a teaching modality that meets at the intersection of active learning, teamwork, and assimilation of complex course concepts to prepare students for lifelong learning. Yet little is known about how principles of team-based learning could be employed outside of the classroom.

Objective

To provide direction as to how principles of team-based learning could be applied to the “real-world” clinical setting.

Methods

The synthesis is the result of a class discussion among practicing DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice) students (n = 16) at an urban university.

Results

Students perceived that the application of team-based learning in the clinical setting could reduce isolationism and improve interprofessional communication, job satisfaction, respect, quality of care, cost effectiveness, coordination of care, efficiency, and patient safety. Projects that might benefit from this approach include those that involve difficult or complex cases in which the correct answer is challenging or debatable. Nevertheless, logistical, financial, and complicated power dynamics were perceived as potential barriers

Conclusions

Team-based learning can be effectively applied to the clinical setting, although perceived barriers must be addressed.

Implications for Nursing

When applied to an appropriate clinical problem or clinical setting, team-based learning may have the potential to advance lifelong learning by following a structured, yet provider-centric approach.
The Effectiveness of Nonpharmacological Modalities on Quality of Life and Daily Function in Adults With Chronic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Scott Bethany , Turnham Nancy
Published: May 2019

Background

Prescription pain medications are effective in short-term use, but often are heavily relied on in the treatment of chronic pain. Long-term use of prescription pain medications carries a higher risk for dependence. Nonpharmacologic therapies are preferred for treatment of chronic pain.

Objective

The objective was to measure the patient's level of confidence for daily function and their ability to assist in their care with a pre/postintervention assessment tool.

Methods

The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire was used to assess confidence levels in daily activities of living prior to and following the intervention. A convenience sample was comprised of 58 patients with chronic pain from a pain management clinic.

Results

There was a 4.84% change from pretest to posttest in general confidence levels. The mean difference of 1.448 was found to not be statistically significant between the pretest and posttest.

Conclusions

Patients exhibited same quality of life, required the same prescription pain medications, demonstrated the same functional capacity, and the same restoration of function in both pretest and posttest conditions.

Implications for Nursing

Initiating alternative methods for reduction of chronic pain early in the treatment process should foster patient confidence and provide resources to manage daily pain.
Menimbang Kewenangan DPR dalam Penggunaan Hak Angket Pada Kasus Korupsi KTP Elektornik
Authors: Firdaus Fahmi Ramadhan , Anggono Bayu Dwi
Published: May 2019

In Indonesia, the control function of the House of Representatives (DPR) includes interpellation rights, inquiry rights and the right to express opinions. In 2017, the DPR's inquiry rights to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) were considered unconstitutional because the law did not include the KPK as the object of the inquiry mechanism. However, the Constitutional Court (MK) in Decision Number 36 / PUU-XV / 2017 defined KPK as an executive so that this institution can be monitored through the inquiry mechanism. This court's decision, however, contradicts to the four previous decisions which classified KPK as an independent institution. This article examines the validity of the DPR's inquiry rights to the KPK by considering the DPR's inquiry rights as a form of a mechanism for mutual checks and balances to the other state institutions. In practice, there are both formal and material rules that must be fulfilled so that their implementation is legally valid and the DPR's inquiry rights to the KPK in cases of the electronic KTP corruption ignore these conditions. This article recommends that the DPR be careful when using inquiry rights as a monitoring mechanism.

Keywords: Inquiry rights, House of Representatives, Corruption Eradication Commission
Nagyvenyim-Munkácsy utca – Fűzfa utca lelőhely avar kori embertani leletei
Authors: RÁCZ Piroska
Published: May 2019

At Nagyvenyim-Munkácsy utca – Fűzfa utca site skeletal remains of 22 individuals from the Avar period were unearthed. Metrical and pathological analysis were carried out on the badly preserved material. Despite of its few cases and bad preservation the sample from Nagyvenyim is an important contribution to the Avar period population on Mezőföld, as there is only one anthropological review from this period in the region by this time (Wenger’s report about the sample from Előszállás-Bajcsihegy in 1966 and 1967).

Comparing the sample of Nagyvenyim-Munkácsy utca – Fűzfa utca with Előszállás-Bajcsihegy there is a notable difference in their stature, and this fact is very interesting as the two sites are closed to each other. The fragmented small sample from Nagyvenyim does not allow us considerable conclusions, but examination of further samples will give more reliable information about the Avar period population of Mezőföld.
Egyetemi hallgatónők vérnyomásának, tápláltsági állapotának és életvitelének összefüggései
Authors: VITÁLYOS Gábor Áron , DANCS Gábor , BARNKOPFNÉ ZSOFFAY Klára , VENYINGI Beáta , DARVAY Sarolta
Published: May 2019

Teachers are role models for their students by their exemplary lifestyle. A program was started at Primary and Pre-School Education Faculty, Eötvös Loránd University in 2013 for training more health-conscious teachers.

In 2013–2014, 461 female students (aged 18–25 years) were examined by InBody 720 body composition analyzer and blood pressure analyzer (Omron M1 Compact). Questionnaires were used to collect data on chronic illnesses appearing in their families, their psychosomatic symptoms, about their lifestyle and physical activity habits.

Nearly half of students had prehypertensional blood pressure. The majority had normal nutritional status, 18% of them were overweight or obese and 10% were underweight. Most critical lifestyle issue was the lack of physical activity: the 63% of students did not do any sports. Significant correlation was found between regular sport activity and pulse rate: those doing regular exercise had lower pulse rates. Students with higher body mass index and body fat proportion had higher blood pressure, students that smoke had higher pulse rates.

Objective examinations and personal consultancy can influence the lifestyle of students.
The Role of Financial Accounting Standards for Small And Medium Micro Economic Sectors
Authors: Mukoffi Ahmad , Sulistiyowati Yayuk
Published: May 2019

In the preparation of financial statements based on financial accounting standards is an improvement in quality of financial statements, which will leverage the credibility of the financial statements in question. The research’s object to be studied are MSMEs in Food and Beverage Sector. The formulation of the problem in this study is, a. How is the preparation of MSME financial statements in the Food and Beverage sector based on EMKM SAK in Tlogomas Sub-District, Malang City, b. What are the constraints faced by MSMEs in the Food and Beverage Sector in implementing EMKM SAK in Tlogomas Sub-District Malang, c. What strategy model is effective from the government so that MSMEs can apply the SAK EMKM optimally. This research method used a combination of research methods (Mixed Methods). With adequate accounting, MSME entrepreneurs can fulfill the requirements in applying for credit, such as making financial reports. The researcher offers a model for the application of electronic-based financial reporting, this is to attract investors to contribute their capital, considering that currently entering the free market. This program also makes easier for the Bank to read the financial statements of micro entities.
An Empirical Analysis of the Pageview and Visit Duration of Pornography Websites
Authors: Tangmanee Chatpong
Published: May 2019

A positive relationship between pageview and visit duration has been identified for several types of websites, including retail. However, pornography websites offer such explicitly sexual content that viewers might stay on one page so long that it could distort the positivity. Yet, no empirical work has investigated this matter and little has focused on visit behavior to adult websites. Based on 473,840 visit sessions to pornography websites targeting both (1) the public and (2) the homosexual viewers, the 0.771 correlation coefficient between the pageview and the visit duration is statistically significant. It confirms that these two variables are positively related in the online pornography context. We also found that the viewer’s sexual orientation may have a moderating effect on the relationship between them. In addition to extending the theoretical insights into online visit behavior to pornography websites, online practitioners may apply the findings in order to retain visitors to their websites.
Bacterial profile and their antibiotic resistance patterns from blood culture in Intensive Care Unit patients at the University Of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
Authors: Gebre-egziabher Segen Tekle , Yehuala Feleke Moges , Kebede Zemene Tigabu , Mehari Alem Getaneh
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: The burden of bloodstream infection and antibiotic resistance in intensive care unit (ICU) is high when compared with other settings. The data on the changing antibiotic resistance trends are important for infection control activities. There is no sufficient data in the intensive care units of this hospital.
Objective: The aims of this study were to assess the magnitude and risk factors of bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic resistance patterns of blood culture isolates from ICU patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2018.Blood specimen were collected from 384 patients and inoculated on appropriate culture media. Identification of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using bacteriological standard methods. Presence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes was confirmed by combined disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Result: Of the total 384 study participants, 96(25%) were culture positive. Majority of bacteria isolates 67(69.8%) were Gram negative. The commonly isolated bacterial species were K.pneumoniae 18(18.8%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 13(13.5%), K.ozanae 10(10.4%), K.rhinose 8(8.3%) and E.coli, E.cloacae, Citrobacter species, S.aureus each accounts 7(7.3%). Gram negative isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin 66(98%), amoxicillin/clavulanate 64(95%) and ceftriaxone 52(77.6%). However, amikacin 64(95.5%), meropenem 58(87%) and Ciprofloxacin 56(83.6%) were relatively effective drugs. Gram positive isolates were found to be resistant to Penicillin 28(96.5%), amoxicillin/clavulanate27 (93.1%) and erythromycin 26(90%). They were sensitive to ciprofloxacin 22(79%) and clindamycin 24(83%). Methicillin resistant S.aureus accounted 4(57.1%) and ESBL enzyme producing Gram negative isolates accounted 41(78.8%).
Conclusion: Klebsiella species were the predominant bacterial isolates in ICU settings. Antibiotic resistance due to ESBL enzyme production is alarmingly high. This result might be a reflection of inappropriate use of antibiotics and poor infection prevention control practice in these settings.
Key words: Antibiotic resistance, ICU, ESBL, Gondar Ethiopia.
Low health literacy levels in patients with chronic retinal disease
Authors: Jandorf Sofie , Nielsen Marie Krogh , Sørensen Kristine , Sørensen Torben Lykke
Published: May 2019

Background

A patient’s health literacy is fundamental for navigating the health system and managing disease. This study aimed to compare the health literacy levels of patients with chronic retinal disease in Denmark.

Methods

This cross-sectional questionnaire study used the validated HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire to determine the health literacy of 225 patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME) or retinal vein occlusion (RVO), receiving intravitreal treatment at the retinal clinic, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark. Patients were consecutively included as participants for the study. All patients had the option of having the survey read aloud to them.

Results

Health literacy levels between the patient groups did not differ significantly, however, the proportion of patients with poor health literacy was high—65% of AMD patients, 73% of DME patients, and 63% of patients with RVO.

Conclusions

Low health literacy of patients with retinal disease signify a need for more health literacy research in the field of retinal diseases, to secure that patients have the timely and appropriate knowledge and competencies to manage their condition.
Comparison of Visual Outcomes for Myopia after Refractive Surgery using Femtosecond Laser-assisted and Epipolis LASIK
Authors: PIAO JUNJIE , Yoo Young-Sik , Whang Woong-Joo , Joo Choun-Ki
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This study was to clinically evaluate the visual outcomes after refractive surgery for myopia using femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (femto-LASIK) and epipolis LASIK (flap-off epi-LASIK).

Methods

Forty eyes of 27 patients were divided into 2 groups in a retrospective study. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction (MR),corneal asphericity (Q-value) and corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were assessed pre- and postoperatively.

Results

The pre- and postoperative changes in flattest keratometry reading(K1), steepest keratometry reading(K2), central corneal thickness(CCT), and only Q-value of the anterior surface was statistically significant for both groups (femto-LASIK: P=0.014, P=0.03, P<0.001, P=0.001, respectively; epi-LASIK: all P<0.001). The postoperative corneal thickness spatial profile (CTSP) were statistically significant thinner than preoperative CTSP in both procedures (all P<0.05), and the epi-LASIK was significant thinner than femto-LASIK at 6 mm ring of CTSP (P=0.039). The improvement in LogMAR UDVA after refractive surgery was statistically significant for both groups (P<0.001 for all groups); it was significantly improved for femto-LASIK on day 1 and at 1 week postoperatively (P<0.001, P=0.019, respectively). In analysis of corneal HOAs, there were significant reduction of vertical coma aberration and horizontal secondary astigmatism aberration, and induction of spherical aberration in the front corneal HOAs after femto-LASIK (P=0.021, P=0.001, P=0.001, respectively); in the total corneal HOAs changes were the same pattern as the front corneal HOAs (P=0.007, P=0.004, P<0.001, respectively), but in the back corneal HOAs changes, a few significant induction of vertical coma aberration, and reduction of oblique trefoil aberration and oblique tetrafoil aberration (all P<0.05). In flap-off epi-LASIK, there were only significant induction of SA in the front and total corneal HOAs after surgery (all P<0.05); in the back corneal HOAs, a few significant induced horizontal secondary astigmatism aberration and reduced SA aberration (P=0.027, P=0.011, respectively), however, the back corneal HOAs changes were not significant effect on the total corneal HOAs changes.

Conclusion

Femto-LASIK showed better early visual outcomes than that noted by epi-LASIK, but there was no significant difference between the outcomes of the 2 procedures 1 week postoperatively.
Objective Optical Quality in Eyes with Customized Selection of Aspheric Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Tan Qing-Qing , Lin Jia , Tian Jing , Liao Xuan , Lan Chang-Jun
Published: May 2019

Backgroud

To improve the aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) selection strategy in cataract surgery.

Methods

A prospective, nonrandomized study was implemented in adult cataract patients who underwent unilateral phacoemulsification with aspheric IOL implantation. Patients were allocated into two treatment groups: a customized group and a control group. In the customized group, the aspheric IOL selection was based on the corneal spherical aberration to enable the postoperative target ocular spherical aberration closest to zero; in the control group, the aspheric IOLs were chosen using a random strategy. Primary outcome measurements included the following objective optical quality assessments: higher-order aberrations obtained by a Hartmann-shack aberrometer at 4mm and 6mm pupil diameters; objective scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function (MTF) cut-off, Strehl ratio (SR) and a simulated contrast visual acuity—optical quality analysis system value (OV) obtained by a double-pass system with a 4-mm aperture. Subjective visual acuity was measured as secondary outcome. All the patients were followed up for 3 months.

Results

Eighty-four patients in the customized group and 78 patients in the control group were evaluated. There was no significant difference in postoperative visual acuity between the two groups (P>0.05). Significantly less ocular higher-order aberrations were shown in the customized group (P<0.05). No significant difference was shown in OSI, MTF cut-off, SR and OV between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Although customized selection of aspheric IOL implantation showed less postoperative ocular aberrations, it performed similarly to random selection of aspheric IOL implantation in terms of postoperative visual acuity, simulated contrast visual acuity, intraocular scatter, modulation transfer function and Strehl ratio.
The effectiveness of a Comprehensive Device Associated Healthcare-Associated Infections Prevention and Control Program: results of a 3-year program in the Republic of Cyprus
Authors: Iordanou Stelios , Middleton Nicos , Papathanassoglou Elizabeth , Palazis Lakis , RAFTOPOULOS VASILIOS
Published: May 2019

Background: Device-associated health care-associated infections (DA-HAIs) are a major threat to patient safety, particularly in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a bundle of infection control measures to reduce DA-HAIs in the ICU of a General Hospital in the Republic of Cyprus, over a three-year period.
Methods: We studied 599 ICU patients with length of stay (LOS) for at least 48 hours. Our prospective cohort study was divided into three surveillance phases. VAP, CLABSI, and CAUTI incidence rates, LOS and mortality were calculated before, during and after the infection prevention and control program.
Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the number of DA-HAI events during the surveillance periods, associated with DA-HAIs prevention efforts. In 2015 (prior to program implementation), the baseline DA-HAIs instances were 43: 16 VAP (10.1/1000 Device Days), 21 (15.9/1000DD) CLABSIs and 6 (2.66/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=198). During the second phase (2016), CLABSIs prevention measures were implemented and the number of infections were 24: 14 VAP (12.21/1000DD), 4 (4.2/1000DD) CLABSIs & 6 (3.22/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=184). During the third phase (2017), VAP and CAUTI prevention measure were again implemented and the rates were 6: (3 VAP: 12.21/1000DD), 2 (1.95/1000DD) CLABSIs & 1 (0.41/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=217). There was an overall reduction of 87% in the total number of DA-HAIs instances for the period 01/01/15 to 31/12/17.
Conclusions: The significant overall reduction in DA-HAI rates, indicates that a comprehensive infection control program can affect DA-HAI rates.
Crop and Soil Responses to On‐Farm Conservation Tillage Practices in the Upper Midwest
Authors: Daigh Aaron Lee M. , DeJong‐Hughes Jodi , Gatchell Dorian H. , Derby Nathan E. , Alghamdi Rashad , Leitner Zachery R. , Wick Abbey , Acharya Umesh
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

Production‐scale conservation tillage systems had few effects on crop yields.

Strip till had the least costs per hectare and may be more economical for farmers.

Tillage affected only fungi/bacteria ratios out of 19 soil properties.

Farmers’ presumed yield losses among tillage systems did not reflect actual yields.

In the US upper Midwest, the narrow growing season causes many farmers to presume yield losses when reducing tillage. The purpose of this study was to determine how four production‐scale tillage systems affected residue cover, stand populations, crop yields, and soil chemical, biological, and physical properties. Tillage systems (chisel plow, fall strip‐till with shanks, spring strip‐till with coulters, and shallow vertical till) were continued for 4 yr. Tillage effects within a site were few and mixed (0.17–0.36 Mg ha−1 difference), whereas site effects were common (0.50–3.00 Mg ha−1 difference). Among 19 soil properties, only fungal/bacteria ratios differed among strip‐till with shanks (0.078) and strip‐till with coulters (0.066) at one site. Our results suggest that many farmers’ concerns about using conservation tillage practices do not necessarily translate into yield losses when compared to standard chisel plow practices. Economics and the level of erosion control among the tillage practices compared here, rather than yield alone, should guide farmer preferences.
Napiergrass Has Dual Use as Biofuel Feedstock and Animal Fodder
Authors: Chiluwal Anuj , Singh Hari P. , Sahoo Kamalakanta , Paudel Rajesh , Whithead Wayne F. , Singh Bharat P.
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

Napiergrass can produce higher biomass yield in marginal lands in the southern United States.

Napiergrass can be grown as a dual source for feedstocks (bioenergy) and animal fodder.

Napiergrass produces regrowth during late fall after its matured biomass harvest.

Napiergrass regrowth meets the requirement for good‐quality animal fodder.

Napiergrass can provide benefits to farmers following mixed crop and animal farming.

Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) has attracted much attention as an efficient feedstock for biofuel production in sub‐tropical climate such as the southern United States because of its perennial nature and high biomass yield, with low inputs on marginal lands. In this study, we examined if napiergrass can be harvested advantageously both for biofuel feedstock as well as fodder usage. Three harvest treatments, i.e., T1, double harvest per year, first in July (T1H1) and second in November (T1H2); T2, double harvest per year, first in October (T2H1) and second in November (T2H2); and T3, single regular harvest in November (T3), were tested for biomass yield. Plant samples from all five harvests were analyzed for quality parameters to ascertain fodder suitability. Averaged across the study period, highest dry matter annual biomass yield was recorded for T3 (41.6 Mg DM ha−1) followed by T2 (37.2 Mg DM ha−1) and T1 (35.3 Mg DM ha−1). The regrowth after October harvest (T2H2) was found suitable for fodder usage and resulted in a fresh biomass yield of 7.9 Mg ha−1 that contained 213 g kg−1 crude protein (CP), 155 g kg−1 ash, 509 g kg−1 neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 290 g kg−1 acid detergent fiber (ADF). This study showed that napiergrass can be grown for producing biomass for biofuel production as well as a quality fodder during the late fall season in the southern United States. The results would be of special significance to farmers who follow mixed crop and animal farming.
4R nitrogen fertilizer management in cotton production
Authors: Flis Sally
Published: May 2019

Nitrogen supply for cotton is critical for vegetative growth, development of fruiting sites, and yield. Considerations for the 4Rs in nitrogen management in cotton are quite different from those for corn due to differences in the growth and nitrogen uptake patterns of the plant and the soils and climates in which cotton is commonly grown. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/684.
Phenotypic Characterization of a Major Quantitative Disease Resistance Locus for Partial Resistance to Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Karhoff Stephanie , Lee Sungwoo , Mian M. A. Rouf , Ralston Timothy I. , Niblack Terry L. , Dorrance Anne E. , McHale Leah K.
Published: May 2019

Major quantitative disease resistance loci (QDRLs) are rare in the Phytophthora sojae (Kaufmann and Gerdemann)–soybean [Glycine max (L). Merr.] pathosystem. A major QDRL on chromosome 18 (QDRL‐18) was identified in PI 427105B and PI 427106. QDRL‐18 represents a valuable resistance source for breeding programs. Thus, our objectives were to determine its isolate specificity and measure its effect on yield and resistance to both P. sojae and other soybean pathogens. We characterized near isogenic lines (NILs) developed from F7 recombinant inbred lines heterozygous at QDRL‐18; NILs represent introgressions from PI 427105B, PI 427106, and susceptible ‘OX20‐8’. The introgressions from PI 427105B and PI 427106 increased resistance to P. sojae by 11 to 20% and 35 to 40%, respectively, based on laboratory and greenhouse assays, and increased yield by 13 to 29% under disease conditions. The resistant introgression from PI 427105B was also effective against seven P. sojae isolates with no isolate specificity detected. Based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, NILs with the susceptible introgression had significantly higher relative levels of P. sojae colonization 48 h after inoculation. No pleiotropic effects for resistance to either soybean cyst nematode or Fusarium graminearum were detected. This information improves soybean breeders’ ability to make informed decisions regarding the deployment of QDRL‐18 in their respective breeding programs.
Efficacy of Cover Crops on Weed Suppression, Wheat Yield, and Water Conservation in Winter Wheat–Sorghum–Fallow
Authors: Mesbah Abdel , Nilahyane Abdelaziz , Ghimire Binod , Beck Leslie , Ghimire Rajan
Published: May 2019

Reducing the fallow period by using cover crops in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–fallow system has the potential to suppress weeds and improve wheat yield, yet limited information is available from the semiarid southern Great Plains (SGP) of the United States. This study determines the effects of spring‐planted cover crops on weed suppression and winter wheat yields in semiarid environments. The study used a randomized complete block design with eight cover crop treatments and three replications. The cover crop treatments consisted of fallow (weeds controlled with herbicide), pea (Pisum sativum L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), pea + oat, pea + canola, pea + oat + canola, and six‐species mixture of pea + oat + canola + hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) + forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.) + barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Both winter wheat and cover crops received supplemental irrigation. The cover crops showed potential to suppress weeds and maintain good ground cover during summer. Specifically, weed biomass in the oat and oat mixtures with legumes and brassicas were 73 to 85% less than in fallow during 2018. Cover crops showed little effect on wheat yield, yield components, and water use efficiency. Although long‐term studies of cover crops effects on multiple ecosystem services may help to select the most effective cover crop on wheat yield and water use efficiency in the SGP, this study revealed benefit of cover cropping through weed suppression.
Predicting the Fate of Preferentially Moving Herbicides
Authors: Hassanpour Bahareh , Richards Brian K. , Goehring Larry D. , Parlange Jean-Yves , Steenhuis Tammo S.
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

A simple multiregion model predicts herbicide transport well using tracer data.

A chloride tracer is used to characterize the preferential flow paths.

A surface layer in the model distributes water and solutes to the preferential pathways.

Simulation of preferential flow remains a challenge despite being a recognized phenomenon. With short‐interval data, we adapted and tested the preferential flow model (PFM) to simulate the vertical transport of herbicides to lower soil layers. The PFM divides the soil profile into a top distribution zone and a conveyance zone below. The distribution zone acts as a reservoir, with an exponential loss of solutes to the conveyance zone. In the conveyance zone, water and solutes move as convective–dispersive flow through multiple flow paths—preferential and matrix—to shallow groundwater. Our field experiment was performed on a structured Hudson silty clay loam soil (a fine, illitic, mesic Glossaquic Hapludalf) that exhibits preferential flow. The site was instrumented with a variety of soil water samplers placed at depths of 60 cm to monitor the volume and quality of the leachate. Agronomic application of atrazine [6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N′‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine] and 2,4‐D [2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was used, followed by 75 cm of controlled and natural rainfall over 100 d. In addition, Cl− was applied as a conservative tracer. All samplers monitored during this period showed a fast breakthrough of solutes consistent with the occurrence of preferential flow, with two groups of breakthrough curves observed. By fitting the Cl− breakthrough curve for each group, PFM input parameters were estimated including water velocity in preferential flow paths and the fraction of water moving through each flow path. With two additional parameters for herbicide adsorption and degradation rates, the model successfully simulated the extent of preferential flow of herbicides.
Who is the anaesthetist (ARCHIVED)
Authors:   Association of Anaesthetists, Price Jonathan , Love Nicholas , Paul Richard
Published: May 2019

This guide is designed for medical students and foundation doctors who are considering a career in anaesthesia. Historically, junior doctors were able to spend several years sampling different specialties before making their career choices but this is now increasingly difficult. Foundation doctors have to make tough decisions about their future careers, sometimes with limited knowledge and experience of the possibilities. The guide includes advice on: Operating theatre work; Anaesthetic sub-specialities; Academia and research; Training and exams; Less than full time training (LTFT).
A felsőoktatási hallgatók önkéntessége és a hallgatók családterveinek összefüggései
Authors: Fényes Hajnalka , Markos Valéria
Published: May 2019

Tanulmányunkban a Család és karrier kutatás keretében vizsgáljuk, hogy a felsőoktatási hallgatók önkéntessége mennyiben jár együtt a házasság tervezésével (kontra egyéb párkapcsolati tervek) és az átlag feletti gyermekszámtervekkel. Hipotézisünk szerint az önkéntesség és az átlagnál több gyermek tervezésének hátterében egy közös (általunk nem mért) ok állhat, a diákok altruista attitűdje, emiatt a két tényező között együttjárás figyelhető meg. Regressziós eredményeink szerint a házasság tervezésére elsősorban a vallásosság, a jobb anyagi helyzet, az apa magasabb iskolázottsága, valamint a hallgatótársakkal való kiterjedt kapcsolatok voltak pozitív hatással. Azonban a nagyobb tervezett gyermekszám esélyét növelte a diákok vallásossága mellett az is, ha valaki egyetemi évei alatt önkénteskedett. Meggyőződésünk szerint tehát az altruizmus, a tolerancia és a segítőkészség fejlesztése a diákok körében pozitív hatással lehet mind a családalapítási tervekre, mind az önkéntességre. Fontos megjegyezni azonban, hogy itt csak a házasság és az átlagosnál több gyermek tervezését vizsgáltuk, ám mint azt a szakirodalomból is tudjuk, ezek a tervek nem biztos, hogy meg is valósulnak.
Sorption Isotherms and Thermodynamics of Direct Dye onto the Nano Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Treated Jute Yarn
Authors: Zolriasatein Ali A.
Published: May 2019

Background:

In this study, the poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) G-2 dendrimer was applied to the
jute yarn.

Methods:

Untreated and dendrimer treated jute yarns were then dyed with Direct Yellow 24. Thermodynamic
parameters of dyed samples, free energy (ΔG°), the enthalpy (ΔH°), and the entropy (ΔS°) were also
evaluated.

Results:

Dendrimer treated jute yarn showed higher dye sorption compare to untreated jute yarn. The
values of ΔH° and ΔG° indicated that the sorption process was exothermic and spontaneous at low temperature.

Conclusion:

Freundlich isotherm was found to be the optimum isotherm for untreated and BET isotherm
defined for dendrimer treated jute yarn.
Repeated Epidural Anesthesia and Incidence of Unilateral Epidural Block
Authors: Mahrose Ramy , Kamal Mohamed M.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Epidural block is today the most common method of pain relief during labor. Nowadays, facing a multiparus parturient requiring epidural for the second or third time is common due to increased frequency of using epidural analgesia during labor.

Objectives:

Examination of the performance and outcome of women receiving their first versus repeated epidural block.

Methods:

The study included 140 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status II parturients (age range 20 to 40 years) and scheduled for normal vaginal delivery. The parturients were divided randomly into two equal groups. Group (A) in which 70 women primipara subjected to their first epidural block, while group (B) in which 70 women multipara subjected to their repeated epidural block. Our primary outcome of the study is the incidence of a unilateral block and secondary outcomes include Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before the epidural and 30 minutes after injection of local anesthetic and details of labor as gestation and cervical dilatation.

Results:

The results showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of a unilateral block in the group (A) when compared to the corresponding values in the group (B) (P-value < 0.05). Moreover, group (A) showed a statistically significant decrease in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) values 30 minutes after the injection of local anesthetic (P-value < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The conclusion of our study is that there is a higher incidence of unilateral block amongst women receiving their repeated epidurals for labour than those receiving their first epidural block.
COMO AS DECISÕES SÃO PRODUZIDAS? UMA PROPOSTA DE REFORMULAÇÃO DE UM PROBLEMA DE PESQUISA
Authors: Dos Santos Carlos Victor Nascimento
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo estimular o debate acerca da reformulação do seguinte problema de pesquisa: “como os juízes decidem?”. Apesar de existir um corpo qualificado de autores que investigam o referido problema, falta ainda a discussão dos atos que antecedem e fazem parte do processo de produção de uma decisão judicial. Neste sentido, foram utilizadas as entrevistas concedidas por ministros ao projeto História Oral do STF para demonstrar que, antes mesmo de uma decisão judicial ser produzida e, portanto, levada à sessão de julgamento, existem diversos momentos capazes de influenciar diretamente não apenas na convicção do magistrado, mas no direito que está sendo produzido. Sendo assim, a partir da leitura das entrevistas, da noção de backstage trazida por Goffman (1975) e da organização de momentos considerados fundamentais pelos magistrados, pretende-se destacar a necessidade em se abrir uma agenda de pesquisa para investigar problema diverso ao anteriormente mencionado, qual seja: “como as decisões são produzidas?”.
O DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO AO LONGO DA VIDA NO ART. 25 DO ESTATUTO DO IDOSO
Authors: Barbosa-Fohrmann Ana Paula , Adriano Araújo Luana
Published: May 2019

Investiga-se, neste trabalho, o conceito de “Educação ao Longo da Vida” (ELV) incluído na redação do art. 25 da Lei Nº 10.741, de 1º de outubro de 2003 (Estatuto do Idoso). Aborda-se, inicialmente, o histórico normativo do direito à educação de pessoas idosas no contexto nacional, para se perscrutar, em seguida, o conteúdo da Lei Nº. 8.842, de 4 de janeiro 1994 (Política Nacional do Idoso) e do Estatuto do Idoso no âmbito da temática em análise. Em seguida, abordam-se o significado e o alcance do conceito de “Educação ao Longo da Vida” para se compreender o âmbito de interseção e/ou divergência entre esta concepção e as de “Educação Permanente” (EPE) e “Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida” (ALV), apontando o referencial interpretativo pertinente ao viés da Educação ao Longo da Vida na Perspectiva da Educação Popular. Por fim, analisa-se o direito à educação ao longo da vida na perspectiva recentemente inserida no Estatuto do Idoso, considerando o processo legislativo a partir do qual se reconheceu, como princípio básico do ensino, a garantia do direito à educação e à aprendizagem ao longo da vida.
O PROFETA, OS DISCÍPULOS E O “ENVIADO”: COMENTÁRIOS A VIRGÍLIO AFONSO DA SILVA
Authors: Neves Marcelo
Published: May 2019

Em um artigo de 2008, um dos discípulos de Robert Alexy, Lorenzo Zucca pontificou Alexy como o “profeta do sopesamento estruturado”. Essa rotulação panegírica foi reverberada posteriormente por dois outros discípulos, Klatt e Meister em obra monográfica sobre a matéria. Quando se trata da dimensão religiosa, essa sorte de qualificação não é problemática, sendo, ao contrário, legitimadora. No campo da filosofia, da ciência e da reflexão teórica em geral, trata-se de algo desastroso, pois tende a minar um dos pressupostos da ciência e de outras formas de conhecimento reflexivo, a “limitacionalidade”, a saber, o suposto de que o conhecimento nunca está esgotado. Virgílio Afonso da Silva, em seu artigo “O Supremo Tribunal Federal precisa de Iolau: Resposta às objeções de Marcelo Neves ao sopesamento e à otimização”, propõe-se apresentar uma crítica ao meu livro “Entre Hidra e Hércules". Apresentarei a seguir meus comentários às críticas de Virgílio Afonso da Silva ao meu livro, para comprovar, com argumentos claros, de que se trata de objeções equivocadas e que, às vezes, me parecem apressadas, pois simplificam (e, em parte, deformam) a minha linha de raciocínio de maneira um tanto retórica para imputar-lhe a aparência de uma fragilidade, a rigor, inexistente.
A Qualitative Study on Participants’ Experiences with a Community-based Mindful Walking Pilot Intervention Using Mobile Device Measurement (Preprint)
Authors: Jones Karyn O , Welsh Ralph S. , Lopes Snehal S. , Chen Liwei , Wilson Mark , Crenshaw Bailey , Jindal Meenu , Zinzow Heidi , Zhang Lingling , Shi Lu
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Wearable mobile devices have been increasingly used to measure outcomes of mindfulness interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This study documents participants’ experiences with a mindful walking (MW) intervention and their experiences with reporting daily step counts using a mobile device.

METHODS

The pilot study involved a randomized MW intervention including 38 participants with inadequate physical activity. All participants were provided with a mobile device (“Fitbit”) to measure and report physical activity. The intervention group received a four-week MW intervention. All participants reported their experiences with Fitbit in responses to open-ended survey questions; those in the intervention group reported their experiences with MW. We used a qualitative thematic analysis of this survey-collected narrative dataset.

RESULTS

Participants’ reported experiences using the Fitbit device were mostly positive, with a majority of participants (63%) providing feedback that using the device was “enjoyable” and “helpful”. The common negative experience, reported by 16% of participants, was that the Fitbit was “uncomfortable to wear”. Perceived benefits of using the device included raising awareness about participants’ physical activity level and providing motivation to reach fitness goals. Participant feedback about the MW arm of the intervention included positive reports of benefits such as, “helping to focus on the present”, “coping with stressful emotions”, and negative feedback related to lacking the patience or ability to engage in meditation.

CONCLUSIONS

Most participants reported step count data, demonstrating the feasibility of a mobile-device-assisted MW intervention. While most of the feedback about MW and the device was positive, some reported discomfort with wearing the device and lack of patience with meditation. These barriers should be addressed in future mobile health and mindfulness interventions.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03856385, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT03856385
KÜRESEL ZİHNİYET VE AR-GE YOĞUN KOBİ’LERİN ULUSLARARASILAŞMASI: TÜRKİYE BİYOTEKNOLOJİ SEKTÖRÜ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: HIZIROĞLU Mahmut , AKKAYA Elif
Published: May 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Ar-Ge yoğun KOBİ’lerinin
uluslararasılaşması üzerine küresel zihniyetin nasıl bir rolü olduğunu
keşfetmektir. Bu doğrultuda Ar-Ge yoğun KOBİ’lerin küresel zihniyete sahip olup
olmadıkları, küresel zihniyete sahip olanların daha çok hangi özellikleri
taşıdıkları, hangi unsurların Ar-Ge yoğun Türk KOBİ’lerinde küresel zihniyeti
etkilediği ve son olarak küresel zihniyete sahip Ar-Ge yoğun KOBİ’lerin
uluslararasılaşma mekanizmalarının neler olduğu araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Nitel ve
keşifler olarak tasarlanan çalışmada oluşturulan araştırma sorularına cevap
bulmak adına 19 biyoteknoloji firması ile mülakat yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmadan elde
edilen bulgular Ar-Ge yoğun KOBİ’lerin küresel zihniyete sahip oldukları ve küresel
zihniyete sahip KOBİ’lerde uluslararasılaşmanın prestij sağlayacağı, ülke
ekonomisine bu yolla daha fazla katkı yapılacağı, rekabetçiliğin daha iyi
öğrenileceği ve pazarlarının bu yolla daha çok genişletileceği düşüncesinin daha
baskın olduğu görülmektedir. Bulgular ayrıca küresel zihniyetin oluşumunda kurum
yöneticilerinin bilişsel özelliklerinin ve pazar koşullarının daha belirleyici
olduğunu göstermektedir. Küresel zihniyete sahip Ar-Ge yoğun KOBİ’lerin hem
düzey olarak hem de hız olarak düşük bir uluslararasılaşma performansı
sergiledikleri ve özellikle Ar-Ge faaliyetlerinin uluslararasılaşmalarında
etkili olduğu görülmektedir.

Sonuç: Ar-Ge yoğun
Türk KOBİ’lerini referans alarak yapılan bu çalışma Türkiye gibi gelişmekte
olan bir ülkede küresel zihniyetin oluşumunda hangi unsurların daha çok etkili
olduğunu, küresel zihniyete sahip firmaların hangi özellikleri taşıdığını ve
hangi mekanizmalarla uluslararasılaştığını göstermesi bakımından kuramsal alana
katkıda bulunmaktadır.
Mepeed dan Wacana Ajeg Bali: Sukawati Pasca Bom Bali 2002
Authors: Ningtyas Eka
Published: May 2019

This article endeavors to explore Ajeg Bali with special emphasis on mepeed ritual in traditional village of Pakraman Sukawati in post-Bali Bombing 2002. Analysis on this study focuses on how Ajeg Bali as a discourse could prompt changes occurred in Balinese society and how they shape Balinese identity. Firstly, this study tracks the advent of Ajeg Bali discourse by comparing practices of cultural preservation by Dutch colonial and New Order regime under Soeharto. Secondly, this study also observes position of Ajeg Bali discourse and how it affects society’s efforts to “protect” Bali. Thirdly, this article emphasizes on the mepeed ritual that transformed in Sukawati post-2002 especially in the spirit of Ajeg Bali. This study is a historical research that combines historical method and taking a cultural history point of view on explaining relation between mepeed and Ajeg Bali in Sukawati.
From History of the World to the World—A Reflection on Establishing a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind
Authors: Yanhai Sang
Published: May 2019

Nowadays the world is still in a state of anarchy and the real political meaning of “world” does not truly exist. In this sense, the design of establishing a community with a shared future for mankind is a great innovation of theory, which, theoretically, has the significance of breaking through the world history and reconstructing the social order of the real “world”. The logical deduction of “family-country-world” in Chinese traditional culture is of great theoretical significance for the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.
Inclinations of Members of the Teaching Staff Towards Factors Leading to Job Satisfaction—A Comparative Study between Public and Private Universities
Authors: El-Mousawi Dr. Hasan Y. , Farhat Khaldoun G.
Published: May 2019

The study aimed at identifying job satisfaction and inclinations towards factors, such as salary, feeling of job security, extent of empowerment, nature of work relations among different parties and social status the instructor feels, all of which lead to job satisfaction among members of teaching staff in both public and private universities in Lebanon. Furthermore, the study aimed at prioritizing these factors as related to instructors at the Lebanese University and those at private universities. The study also tried to find whether instructors preferred teaching at public or private universities as related to the country from which they obtained their Ph. D’s. To achieve this goal, a five-point Likert-style questionnaire was constructed and distributed to 100 instructors in the public university (Lebanese University) and to another 100 instructors in various private universities. Thus, the society of the study comprises instructors in both public and private universities. Of these questionnaires, the researchers retrieved 184 which were valid for analysis. The study yielded some important findings, mainly that there is a significant difference between instructors in public and private universities regarding some factors leading to job satisfaction (salary, feeling of job security, work relations among colleagues and students, and social status that the instructor feels) in Lebanon. The study also showed a difference in prioritizing factors which lead to job satisfaction relative to workplace (public or private university) in Lebanon. Moreover, the study concluded that instructors at universities have different preferences to work at the Lebanese University (public) relative to the country from which they obtained their Ph. D’s.
The Exploration on Ideological Political Education of College Students in the New Media Era
Authors: Lu Yang
Published: May 2019

The new media with powerful communication function has a profound influence on the development of the society, and at the same time brings a new situation to the ideological and political education of college students. On the one hand, the new media provides more abundant resources and broader platform for ideological and political education of college students; On the other hand, the intermingled mass of information on the Internet seriously affects and interferes with that. Therefore, to make the traditional ideological and political education conform to the trend of the times and to innovate it effectively and practically is an important issue worthy of our attention. This paper starts with the positive and negative effects of the new media age on college students’ ideological and political education, and actively seeks countermeasures from three aspects: educators, students and colleges and universities. It is committed to promoting the comprehensive and coordinated development of college students in the information age.