bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edukasi pembuatan hand sanitizer berbahan alami kepada masyarakat di nagari persiapan aia manggih utara, Kecamatan Lubuk Sikaping
Authors: Firmanda Hengki , Juliano Gian
Published: February 2021

This community empowerment activity in making hand sanitizers was carried out in the Nagari Persiapan Aia Manggih Utara, Kecamatan Lubuk Sikaping. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic due to the increasingly massive spread of COVID-19 in various countries. One of the efforts to avoid this virus is to maintain hand hygiene. Currently, many hand sanitizers are offered in the form of hand sanitizers because their use is more practical. Hand sanitizer is practical to use and can be carried anytime and anywhere. Generally, hand sanitzers are made using alcohol-based ingredients, but the use of alcohol on the skin is considered unsafe, besides that during the Covid-19 pandemic, hand sanitizers have become rare in the market. Therefore, one way to overcome this problem is to make a hand sanitizer made from natural ingredients from betel and lime leaves. The formulation of the problems that arise due to COVID-19 in the Nagari Persiapan Aia Manggih Utara, namely how to educate the public in making hand sanitizers made from natural ingredients, Techniques used in community empowerment related to the manufacture of hand sanitizers with natural ingredients are community participation, discussion and outreach. Based on the results of surveys and interviews conducted at the end of community service activities, 87% of the community understands how to make hand sanitizers made from natural ingredients, 95% of the community understands about COVID-19 and its symptoms of infection, 91% of the community understands efforts to prevent transmission of COVID-19, 88 % of people have understood the new normal policy (new normal habits), and 97% of people have experienced a decrease in income.
Current History and National Affairs of Nepal
Authors: Ojha Meena
Published: February 2021

One can find chains of people's struggle for freedom nationality, national, unity, integrity and democracy for centuries past when studies and researches carried out into the History of Nepal. People's participation in such struggles can't be exaggerated as the people themselves are the creators of the history. Because of apathy, insincere activities, inability, unclearity in vision and objective of political leadership, economic development and task of building new Nepal always remained limited only in speech and futile ambition.
Nepal–India Relationship After The Rise of Modi
Authors: Kandel Ishwori Prasad
Published: February 2021

This paper has attempted to define Nepal, being a sovereign country would like to deal with India on an equitable basis. Geographically, culturally and economically, Nepal is closer to India. Nepal also realizes that it can’t ignore its southern neighbor India. The Republic of India and the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal initiated their relationship with the 1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship and accompanying secret letters that defined security relations between the two countries, and an agreement governing both bilateral trade and trade transiting Indian territory. The Indo-Nepal border is open; Nepalese and Indian nationals may move freely across the border without passports or visas and may live and work in either country. However, Indians aren't allowed to own land-properties or work in government institutions in Nepal, while Nepalese nationals in India are allowed to work in Indian government institutions (except in some states and some civil services the IFS, IAS, and IPS). After years of dissatisfaction by the Nepalese government, India in 2014, agreed to revise and adjust the treaty to reflect the current realities, however, the modality of adjustment hasn't been made clear by either side. Due to geographical proximity, socio-cultural affinity and economic dependence of Nepal, India has strong influence on Nepal and its policy decisions.

Modi’s first visit to Nepal in August 2014 as part of his ‘neighbourhood first’ policy was highly successful. He was the first foreign leader to address the Constituent Assembly - the body tasked with drafting Nepal’s new constitution. His remarks drew widespread praise from all Nepalese political parties and seemed to promise a new beginning in India–Nepal relations. Minister Narendra Modi had expressed its displeasure at Nepal’s constitution, a position made clear in a series of statements issued by Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) in New Delhi. Citing MEA sources, Indian Express even circulated a seven-point demand for amendments to the constitution, within days of its promulgation. With the election of nationalistic leader K P Oli as prime minister in Nepal, the rift between Delhi and Kathmandu was widened, and lead to a massive humanitarian crisis, as shortages of fuel, medicines, and essential supplies become acute across Nepal, with no sign of reconciliation in sight.
Forest Utilization Pattern of Local People: A Study of Sewar Bansbot Village of Dang
Authors: K.C. Ganga
Published: February 2021

This article explores the utilization pattern of forest products. Forest is one of the most important natural resources that have directly benefitted the rural people continuously. The people of study area are dependent on forest for the essential elements of fodder, firewood and timber. The economic role of forests in human life is also valuable. The objectives of this article are to describe the forest utilization pattern and to find out how the local people consume the different forest products respectively as their needs. In the study area firewood is the principal source of energy for cooking and heating until now days. The consumption of firewood depends on the size of family member and utilization purpose. Fodder is very important for livestock raising. Leaves, green twigs and small plants are needed for livestock as their diet. Local people in the study area consume Sotar in order to obtain high volume of compost manure for agriculture. Some people deposit green leaves into the compost pit for decomposition, which is converted into the organic manure. And farmers use this manure in their crop fields according to the requirements. It is mainly depend on the livestock size and availability of the bedding materials in the surroundings. Cattle are strictly prohibited in the entire area of Ban to graze.
नेपालको भूमि व्यवस्था : परिचय, प्रकृति–प्रकार र प्रयोग Nepalko Bhumi Byabastha: Parichaya, Prakriti-prakar ra Prayog
Authors: पराजुली Parajuli जगतप्रसाद Jagatprasad
Published: February 2021

एउटा स्वतन्त्र राज्य बन्न राजनैतिक सिद्धान्तका हिसाबले चारवटा अत्यावश्यक तत्वहरू अपरिहार्य ठानिन्छ । भूभाग, जनता, सरकार र सम्प्रभुता यी तत्वहरूको समन्वयात्मक संरचनाबाट स्वतन्त्र राष्ट्रहरूको अस्तित्व स्थापित हुन्छ। त्यसैकारण राज्य निर्माणमा भूभाग सबैभन्दा प्रमुख, अपरिहार्य र वाञ्छनीय पूर्वाधार हो । यही वस्तुनिष्ठ तथ्यलाई दृष्टिगत गरी राज्यभित्रको अन्तरनिहित सम्पूर्ण जमिन वा भूमिलाई सुव्यवस्थित, सुनिश्चित र सुसंगठित गर्न सरकारलेप्रत्येक ऐतिहासिक युगमा भूमि परिचालनका आधारभूत योजनाहरू र कार्यनीतिहरू समयानुकूल, परिवर्तन र सुधारात्मक प्रयासहरू गरिरहेको देखिन्छ । राज्यभित्रको सम्पूर्ण भूमि राष्ट्रनिहीत हुन्छ र राष्ट्र राजाको अधिनमा रहन्छ । "All landsare upon the Nation and the Nation is upon the King" यही सारगर्भित सन्देश बमोजिम प्राचीन, मध्यकालीन तथा आधुनिक कालमा समेत सरकारी पक्षबाट भूमिलाई उर्वर, उब्जाउमूलक र जमिनलाई आधुनिकीकरणगराउने सिलसिलामा विभिन्न योजना कार्यनीति, सुधारात्मक प्रयासहरू अगाडि बढाएको देखिन्छ ।
इतिहास र संस्कृतिको स्रोतका रूपमा प्राचीन र मध्यकालीन नेपाली मुद्रा Itihas ra Sanskritiko Shrotka Rupma Prachin ra Madhyakalin Nepali Mudra
Authors: काफ्ले Kafle डोलराज Dolraj
Published: February 2021

नेपालका प्राचीन र मध्यकालीन मुद्राहरू तत्कालीन इतिहास र संकृतिको अध्ययनका भरपर्दा स्रोत हुन् । प्रस्तुतलेखमा प्राचीन नेपालका राजा मानदेवको शासनकालदेखि प्रयोगमा ल्याइएका मुद्राहरू, तिनमा प्रयोग भएको धातु,अभिलेख, लिपि, मुद्राका आधारहरू, नाम र त्यसले तत्कालीन समाज र संस्कृतिको अध्ययनमा पु¥याएको योगदानसम्बन्धी कुराहरूको चर्चा गरिएको छ । मुद्रा एक महत्वपूर्ण पुरातात्वीक स्रोत हो । यसको संकलन र अध्ययनलेतत्कालीन समाज, संस्कृति, आर्थिक, धार्मिक अवस्थाहरूको जानकारी गराउँदछ । यहाँ मुद्राकै माध्यमबाट लिच्छविकालीननेपालमा संस्कृत भाषा र व्राह्मी लिपिको विकसित रुप लिच्छवि लिपिको प्रयोग गरिएको तथा मध्यकालकोआधाआधिसम्म संस्कृत भाषाको वाहुल्यता रहेको र त्यसपछि खस भाषा र देवनागरी लिपिको प्रभाव बढ्दै गएको तथाती मुद्राकै कारण नेपालको आन्तरिक र वाह्य व्यापारमा सहजीकरण भएको कुरा समेत यस लेखको अध्ययनबाटजानकारी प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ ।
मध्यकालमा बुद्ध धर्म Madhyakalma Buddha Dharma
Authors: रञ्जितकार Ranjitkar जुनु Junu बासुकला Basukala
Published: February 2021

मध्यकालमा बुद्ध धर्म डा. जुनु बासुकला रञ्जितकार सारांश सन् ८७९ देखि १२०० सम्मको काललाई राजनैनिक रुपले अन्धकार युग भनिए पनि बौद्ध धर्मकोबज्रयानको दृष्टिकोणले हेर्दा चरम अवस्थामा पुगेको समय हो । त्यस समय बौद्ध धर्म, दर्शन, संस्कृत भाषाको अध्ययन अध्यायपनको लगि नेपाल, भारत र तिब्बतको अन्तराष्ट्रिय समन्वय हुँदा नेपाल पुलको रुपमा थियो ।यही समयमा संस्कृत बौद्ध साहित्यहरू प्रज्ञापारमिता, सद्धर्मपुण्डरीकसूत्र, पञ्चरक्षा, नामसंगीति आदि सारेर ग्रन्थ तयार गरी ग्रन्थमा चित्र पनि लेख्ने विकास भएको थियो । बाह्रौँ शताब्दीको अन्त्यतिर भारतमा बौद्ध धर्मको नाशहुनु र यहाँ मल्ल राजाको शासनको शुरू भएपछि काठमाडौँ उपत्यका बज्रयान बौद्ध धर्मको केन्द्र हुनुका साथै तान्त्रिक देवीदेवता पनि केन्द्रस्थल हुन पुग्यो । यहाँका राजाहरूले पनि विहार निर्माण, बौद्ध मूर्ति स्थापना, बौद्धजात्रा गर्नुका साथै तिनीहरू लामो समयसम्म संरक्षण र सम्वद्र्धनको लागि जग्गा जमीनहरू समेत राखे । यहीसमयमा नै ब्राह्मण धर्मको प्रवेश भएपछि खुशीले वा करबलले भिक्षु भिक्षुणीहरू गृहस्थी जीवनमा आउनुका साथै ब्राह्मण धर्ममा जस्तै बौद्धहरूमा पनि काम अनुसारको जात विभाजन कार्य पनि भयो । यही समयमा पश्चिम नेपालमा चारसय वर्षसम्म खस मल्ल राजाहरू बौद्ध धर्मका अनुयायी भएकाले बौद्ध धर्मको विकास हुनुका साथैविहार, चैत्य र बुद्धका मूर्तिहरू समेत स्थापना भएको थियो । मल्लकालको उत्तराद्र्धमा पुराना विहार र चैत्यहरूजीर्णोद्धार गर्नुका साथै नयाँ विहार र चैत्य निर्माणमा निरन्तरता नै भइरह्यो ।
नेपाली समाजमा संस्कृतिकरणको प्रभाव: एक ऐतिहासिक अध्ययन Nepali Samajma Sanskritikaranko Prabhav: Ek Aaitihasik Adhyayan
Authors: क्षेत्री Chhetri नीलकुमार Neelkumar , कार्की Karki चक्रबहादुर Chakrabahadur
Published: February 2021

नेपाली समाजमा संस्कृतिकरण एउटा महत्वपूर्ण चरित्र बनेको छ । संस्कृतिकरण भनेको सामाजिक स्तरीयकरणमा जात जातिहरूको माथि चढ्ने गतिशीलतालाई जनाउँदछ (स्टिलर, १९७६ ः १५३–१८३) । एम.एन श्रीनिवासले दक्षिण भारतका क्रुग भन्ने जातिका सन्दर्भमा उक्त विचार ल्याएका हुन् । उनका अनुसार जव तल्लोजातले माथिल्लो जातको सिको गरेर जाँड, रक्सी र माछा मासु खान छोड्छ अर्थात माथिल्लो जातको सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक मूल्यमान्यताहरूलाई अनुशरण गरेर तल्लो जातिले आफ्नो सामाजिक स्तर बढाउँन खोज्दछ भने यसप्रकृयालाई संस्कृतिकरण भनिन्छ (श्रीनिवास, १९६२) । उनले भारतमा संस्कृतिकरणलाई समाजको आन्तरिकप्रकृयाका रूपमा विश्लेषण गरेको छन् । तर नेपालमा संस्कृतिकरण भनेको राज्यले नियम कानुन बनाएर दक्षिणका मूल्यमान्यताहरूलाई सामाजिक थिति वसालेको देखिन्छ । यस अध्ययनले नेपाली समाजमा संस्कृतिकरणका केही छायाँहरूलाई ऐतिहासिक दृष्टिकोणवाट प्रस्तुत गर्ने प्रयत्न गरेको छ । किनकी हामी वर्तमानमा प्रवेश गर्दै गर्दा अतितलाई आह्वान गरिन्छ । यस लेखको मूल तर्क पनि अतितमा यहाँका शासकहरूले दक्षिणको स्मृतिपुराणप्रोक्त धर्मका आधारमा नियम कानुन बनाएर समाजमा दक्षिणको सामाजिक साँस्कृतिक मूल्यमान्यताहरूलाई भित्रियाएको देखिन्छ । यसर्थ नेपाली समाजको स्तरीकरण जातिप्रथाको आकारमापरिणत हुन गएको हो । यस प्रकृयामा महिलालाई दोस्रो दर्जाको स्थान दिएर उसको यौनिकतालाई नियन्त्रण गरीघरगृहस्थिकै कामकाजमा सिमित राखियो । जसले पुरुषप्रधान आकारलाई बलियो उर्जा प्रदान गर्दछ । अतितमाराज्यले बनाएका नियम कानुनहरू आज क्रियाशील नभए पनि समाजका यी मूल्यमान्यताहरू जीवितै छन् ।जस्तै: जात प्रणाली र भेदभाबलाई संविधानले अस्वीकार गरे पनि जनगणना र आरक्षण चाहि जाति कैआधारमा दिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा प्रकाशित भएका ऐतिहासिक दस्तावेज, धार्मिक ग्रन्थहरू, द्वितीय सामाग्रीहरू र षडानन्द अधिकारीका बारेमा भोजपुरको षडानन्द नगरपालिकाबाट उनका बारेमा संकथन लिईएको छ । यस संस्कृतिकरणको बिषयलाई शैव सिद्घान्तको दृष्टिकोणबाट हेरिएको छ ।
Morbidity in Young Adult Literature: A Case Study in the Outsiders
Authors: Dahal Arvind
Published: February 2021

The inevitable and universal nature of death has made it a popular topic in Young Adult literature. While death recurs in these stories however, death in young adult novels is much darker and more complex. In this light, this paper discusses why is the issue of death in Young Adult fiction is still a safe place to discuss from the novel “The Outsiders”. It argues that the young adults find themselves in a state of morbid fear and realize that what for them is the site of joy and peace is a place of horror to the adults.
Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal: A Study on its Impact on Employment
Authors: Kharel Khom Raj
Published: February 2021

Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role boosting industrial development and promotion of manufactured exports for the developing countries. FDI helps mobilization of capital, human and natural resources of the country, which in turn supports to make the economy dynamic and competitive. FDI is an important source of inflow of capital for economic growth and employment generation in developing countries. It also provides a package which constitutes new technologies and management techniques, financial and market access for the production and movement of goods and services. Though, attracting foreign direct investment has become the major challenges for host countries as it faces the challenges of identifying the major factors that motivate and affect the FDI location decision. That's why Nepal is at a point wherefrom it can excel for economic goals via FDI. Foreign investment is critical to enhance the transfer of capital, modern technology, management and technical skill, increase culture. This article attempts to explore the growth and trends as well as condition of FDI. The results show a significant association between the changes in FDI on Employment. The finding of multiple regression analysis between FDI and employment indicates that FDI is a significant predictor of employment.
Qualities of Household Resilience after 2015 Earthquake: A Study of Dhugin Lamatar
Authors: Paudel Namita
Published: February 2021

Disasters usually, create unexpected large scale destruction and disruption within short periods of time. Be it an earthquake, floods, or landslides, all explicitly disrupts the general trajectory of people’s lives. After a disaster, people need resilience to recover from the situation. Nepal confronted horrendous seismic tremors on 25 April and 12 May 2015. In such a context, this paper tries to explore what type of household able to stand again and the major objective of this research is to find out the qualities of household resilience in terms of disaster. Furthermore, this article tries to yield the answer to the research question is, How households able to stand again after the 2015 earthquake? Nepal earthquake 2015 destroyed the houses, took the lives of people in Dhugin chowk. Dhugin chowk, Lamatar is carefully chosen for this research because it is the most impacted area among many in the Nepal earthquake 2015.

Random sampling and interview methods are exercised to take the depth information from the field and this research has been conducted using the qualitative method. My finding is: shocks adopting and absorbing the capacity of household help to create disaster resilience which is determined by capital, fixed assets, education, and regular income in the research area.
Residents Perception and Attitude of Tourism Development: A Case Study of Patan Durbar Square the World Heritage Site
Authors: Koirala Narayan
Published: February 2021

Tourism is growing rapidly and is one of the most important industry in many developing countries. The tourism sector has become major factor of importance in the world GDP because of its rapid growth and development. It is a power force of change in the economy. So, development of tourism influences the development of other sector such as agriculture, food processing, handicraft etc. which can contribute to the well-being of the entire community.

Tourism development is strongly related to local communities. Local people are a key element that helps in the development of tourism. They are the important component that influence the future development of tourism destination. The development of certain area or place is impossible without the help of people living in that area. Therefore, the involvement and participation of local people is very important for the development of any sector.

Tourism development is one of the important components for the economic growth of the country. In this respect, the perception and attitude of local people plays the most important role. So, the present study provides an idea about the tourism development by the local people perception and explore the need of the tourist by identifying their problems and study the involvement of local people for its development.

Based on the survey, the analysis revealed that the facilities like internet, parking facilities, information center, sanitation, safety and security, good food, pure drinking water are the most needed facilities. This study also analyzed that government sector plays a significant role and is required in the development of tourism through infrastructure and hospitality. The infrastructure like road and transport, electricity, water and hospitality like communication, accommodation, and food and beverages. This study also explains that the involvement of local people through various activities like trade and business, maintaining good environment, hospitality, cultural program. The major problems like lack of sanitation, information center, shops in every place in unmanaged way, lack of infrastructure was also revealed by this study.
Factors Influencing Participation In Professional Developmental Activities Among Nursing Personnel
Authors: Silwal Rojeena , Panta Sarita
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Professional Developmental Activities (PDA) are the means to update the health care providers with new knowledge and help them to provide quality care and better patient outcomes. This study aims to determine the factors that influence participation in professional development activities among nursing personnel.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among nurses in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data. Data was collected through self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data were analysed for descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 20.

Results: Total 124 nurses participated in the study. Most (88.7%) were working as a staff nurse. Majority (60.5%) of nurses had participated in PDA within last 12 months. The most common factors which motivated nurses to participate in PDA were family / spouse support and improve knowledge (98.7%). The major hindering factors were shortage of staff (97.9%), and lack of cost (91.8%). Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to test the association of selected variables and PDA participation and significant association was seen between participants designation categorised as staff nurse, senior staff nurse and nursing in charge (p < 0.008) and those who were involved in professional developmental activities.

Conclusions: Based on findings, the study concluded that there are several factors either hindering or motivating related to work, family, financial, personal and career that contributes to nurses participation in PDA.
Quality of Labor and Delivery Services: Maternal Satisfaction Study from a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Dhakal Chalise Gita , Shrestha Sabina , Adhikari Bibhav
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Maternal satisfaction is an important indicator for any hospital to measure the quality of labor and delivery services. Satisfaction with the care received during labor and childbirth process influences the decision of institutional delivery for future utilisation. This study aims to identify the satisfaction of postnatal mothers towards labor and delivery service in a selected hospital.

Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Non-probabilistic purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample. A total of 54 postnatal mothers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. It was adapted from Donabedian Model and Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) Scale focusing on four aspects i.e. health institution related aspect, interpersonal aspects of care, abuse free care and informative aspects of care in five-point Likert scales. Data were coded, entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16 for windows.   

Results: In this study, 79.6% of the postnatal mothers were satisfied with the overall aspects of the labor and delivery services. The component wise results show that 94.4% were satisfied in health institution related aspects while in the interpersonal aspect, 92.6% were satisfied. Similarly, all sampled mothers were satisfied with the abuse-free care system of the health institution. In informative aspects of care, 87% were satisfied and the rest (13%) were dissatisfied.

Conclusions: Although the majority of mothers were satisfied, there were dissatisfaction in regards to availability of drinking water, the behaviour of staffs and the health education provided to them. By improving these aspects, quality of service will improve and thus increase women's satisfaction with care received.
Pterygium Excision with Sutureless, Glueless Conjunctival Autograft
Authors: Dhakal Sachit , Thapa Kamala , Sharan Niranjan
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Pterygium is a common condition and various surgical techniques have been described for its excision, of which autografting is seen to have very less recurrence. Graft fixation with fibrin glue is gaining popularity, but autologous serum might be a cheaper alternative. This study was planned to explore the efficacy of autologous serum as a stabilising agent for graft surgery in pterygium.

Methods: The hospital data of patients who underwent pterygium surgery with autografting using autologous serum in the Department of Ophthalmology of Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu, Nepal between Oct 2015 to Sept 2017 were retrospectively analysed. The graft stability post-surgery was studied.

Results: 46 eyes of 46 patients underwent pterygium surgery with autograft using autologous serum. The male to female ratio was 1.08:1, and the mean age was 45 years. All the pterygium were nasal sided. Post-operatively the graft was stable in all of the cases.

Conclusions: Autologous serum is a good stabilising agent for graft surgery in pterygium.
Motywy tanatyczne i audialne w opowieści Diny Rubiny Высокая вода венецианцев
Authors: Siemońska Olga Paulina
Published: February 2021

Utwór Diny Rubiny Высокая вода венецианцев (1999) wyróżnia na tle tekstu weneckiego literatury rosyjskiej dzięki szczegółowym opisom krajobrazu dźwiękowego miasta. Celem artykułu jest analiza fonosfery weneckiej w opowiadaniu Rubiny z wykorzystaniem sensorycznej geografii literackiej, a także sound studies (badań nad dźwiękiem). Analiza poszczególnych opisów zjawisk dźwiękowych ujawnia, że przyczyną, dla której Rubina zwraca szczególną uwagę na audiosferę miasta, jest przede wszystkim muzyczne wykształcenie pisarki. Okazuje się również, że obraz Wenecji, w tym jej audiosfery, ukazany jest w tekście przez pryzmat tradycji literackiej, zgodnie z którą Wenecja jest przedstawiana jako „miasto śmierci”, „miasto umierające”, „miasto umierających”.
Czapajew w krainie archetypów (psychologia Junga we wczesnych powieściach Pielewina)
Authors: Bachora Łukasz
Published: February 2021

W artykule podjęto próbę spojrzenia na wczesną twórczość powieściową Pielewina przez pryzmat psychologii analitycznej Carla Gustava Junga. Takie spojrzenie uzasadnione jest sygnałami wewnątrztekstowymi, zawartymi przez pisarza w jego twórczości — co pokazano na przykładzie powieści Mały palec Buddy (1996). Rozszerzenie zakresu badań na inne utwory Pielewina — od Omon Ra (1992) do Empire V (2006) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Generation P (1999) — pozwoliło ukazać psychologiczne jądro tematyczne twórczości pisarza, to jest — centralny także dla samej myśli Junga — proces indywiduacji.
АВТОПЕРЕВОД В УКРАИНСКО-РУССКОЙ СМЕШАННОЙ РЕЧИ
Authors: Palinska Olesya
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются автопереводы в украинско-русской смешанной речи (суржике) в Украине. Автор обсуждает характер автопереводов, причины их появления и влияние на них содиодемографических параметров респондентов. Как качественный, так и количественный анализ проводился на основе корпусов, собранных в центральном регионе Украины.
Agnieszka Matusiak, Wyjść z milczenia. Dekolonialne zmagania kultury i literatury ukraińskiej XXI wieku z traumą posttotalitarną
Authors: Bakuła Bogusław
Published: February 2021

rec. Agnieszka Matusiak, Wyjść z milczenia. Dekolonialne zmagania kultury i literatury ukraińskiej XXI wieku z traumą posttotalitarną
Climate Fiction and the Crisis of Imagination
Authors: Xausa Chiara
Published: February 2021

This article analyses the representation of environmental crisis and climate crisis in Carpentaria (2006) and The Swan Book (2013) by Indigenous Australian writer Alexis Wright. Building upon the groundbreaking work of environmental humanities scholars such as Heise (2008), Clark (2015), Trexler (2015) and Ghosh (2016), who have emphasised the main challenges faced by authors of climate fiction, it considers the novels as an entry point to address the climate-related crisis of culture – while acknowledging the problematic aspects of reading Indigenous texts as antidotes to the 'great derangement’ – and the danger of a singular Anthropocene narrative that silences the ‘unevenly universal’ (Nixon, 2011) responsibilities and vulnerabilities to environmental harm. Exploring themes such as environmental racism, ecological imperialism, and the slow violence of climate change, it suggests that Alexis Wright’s novels are of utmost importance for global conversations about the Anthropocene and its literary representations, as they bring the unevenness of environmental and climate crisis to visibility.
ANALISIS PERILAKU KELOMPOK DALAM ORGANISASI FORUM ANTI FITNAH DAN HOAX (FAFHH)
Authors: Darmawan Zakaria Satrio , Baskoro Angga Pradipta
Published: February 2021

Analisis ini berisi tentang perilaku dalam organisasi FAFHH (FORUM ANTI FITNAH ), dengan metode partisipasi observasi dimana peneliti tidak hanya menggunakan metode pengumpulan data atau studi pustaka namun juga ikut berpartisipasi dalam organisasi FAFHH. Metode analisis yang dipakai adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian organisasi akan berkembang dengan baik jika hubungan antara anggota dan pimpinan dikategorikan cukup baik secara personal maupun professional kerja, hubungan personal dibangun atas dasar ketertarikan terhadap hal yang sama, secara profesional adalah dengan menjalankan tugas yang sudah diberikan dengan baik sesuai karena akan dievaluasi secara berlaka.
Playing with Fire? Household Debt near Retirement in Canada
Authors: Bédard Nicolas , Michaud Pierre-Carl
Published: February 2021

Because retired households cannot quickly adjust to shocks, for example by working more, they represent a vulnerable group when credit conditions deteriorate. We analyze the evolution of debt among households nearing retirement in Canada over the period 1999–2016. First, we find that debt as a ratio of income has risen considerably over that period, and debt as a fraction of assets has also doubled, even though assets remain roughly five times as large as debt. Second, we report that mortgage debt has risen the most but that average mortgage payments have remained relatively constant over the period as a result of the downward trend in borrowing costs. Compared with the United States, Canada has a higher share of highly indebted individuals, and they use home equity lines of credit more extensively than their US counterparts. Finally, we find that a small but significant fraction of households are playing with fire, being vulnerable to a sudden rise in borrowing costs or a meltdown of house prices that could jeopardize their standard of living in retirement.
New Television as Neo-Naturalism: The Wire and The Shield
Authors: Gibbs Alan
Published: February 2021

This article examines The Wire (HBO, 2002–8) and The Shield (FX, 2002–8) and the extent to which they employ particular attributes of new television in order to engage with notions of determined behaviour familiar from literary naturalism (and, through them, important contemporary political ideologies). The Wire and The Shield are part of a growing body of neo-naturalist works in contemporary American culture. Like Dexter and Breaking Bad, they portray the actions of their protagonists as heavily determined by outside forces. But while The Shield’s deterministic naturalism tends to lend tacit support for more authoritarian social control, The Wire’s use of similar architecture is a means to advocate for urgent institutional reform.
Interações com Estudantes Universitários participantes de uma Sequência Didática ambientada pelo Google Classroom® por meio do Ensino Híbrido
Authors: Ferreira Novaes Alex , Regina Sampaio Figueiredo Helenara
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta um recorte de uma pesquisa de Mestrado desenvolvida em 2019, com alunos do curso de Administração, modalidade presencial, de um centro universitário privado do norte do Paraná. Tem por objetivo apresentar as interações e identificar a familiarização dos alunos com o uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDICs), por meio de atividades híbridas de ensino com a plataforma virtual da Google, conhecida por Google Classroom®. Com o encaminhamento metodológico, procuramos apresentar uma das atividades aplicadas pela Sequência Didática desenvolvida à luz da metodologia de Ensino Híbrido, que viabiliza o uso das tecnologias digitais ao combinar os elementos do ensino virtual com o presencial. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, aplicamos questionários, com o intuito de identificar o perfil dos estudantes e as interações deles quanto ao uso das TDICs nas aulas. Nesse recorte, observamos que os participantes da pesquisa apresentaram destreza no uso do Google Classroom®, manifestando aprovação quanto à aplicabilidade desse recurso para fins didáticos. Os estudos apontam que, cada vez mais, as universidades vêm recebendo um número expressivo de jovens adeptos ao uso das tecnologias digitais, em geral, estudantes com facilidade no manuseio desses recursos, o que tem impactado no trabalho do professor, uma vez que se faz necessário preparo e formação para lidar com tais desafios, que refletem, constantemente, na prática educacional.
O uso de técnicas teatrais para o ensino de língua inglesa
Authors: Tenório Fernando Jorge
Published: February 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir o uso de técnicas de teatro como ferramenta para auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem das disciplinas de comunicação profissional, em especial da línguainglesa, em cursos do ensino médio, técnico e tecnológico. Como percurso metodológico, primeiramente realiza-se pesquisa para construir um arcabouço teórico, identificando-se também estudos empíricos que lhe deem suporte, tomando como ponto partida a abordagem conceitual do teatro do oprimido e os jogos relacionados, bem como as técnicas para uso do teatro em educação.Como resultado, é apresentada proposta de aplicação que contempla algumas das técnicas de uso do corpo e da voz como meios de expressão, adaptadas pelos professores para emprego em sala de aula, as quais deverão contribuir de forma ampla para o desempenho e a formação dos estudantes, visto que podem não apenas melhorar habilidades comunicativas, mas também impactar positivamente sua dimensão afetiva
Pesquisas empíricas sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem em língua materna na Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio Subsequente
Authors: Darelli Michelon Raquel , Valer Salete
Published: February 2021

Com o projeto de expansão dos Institutos Federais a partir de 2008, produções científicas sobre ensino-aprendizagem voltados à Educação Profissional passam a ser ampliadas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é identificar as pesquisas empíricas recentes sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de língua materna na Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio Subsequente. Isso para mapear o conjunto significativo de investigações divulgadas dessa área. A metodologia toma por base a modalidade principal de pesquisa, a análise de conteúdo, em que, por meio de diferentes descritores, buscam-se, em portais como CAPES, Google Acadêmico e SciELO, entre os anos de 2008 e 2018, textos científicos sobre o objeto investigado. Após a identificação das pesquisas, fez-se a descrição e a análise dos dados, relacionando-os com as bases teóricas da EPT e do ensino-aprendizagem de língua materna. Os resultados apontam que os artigos científicos encontrados pelo recorte desta pesquisa não enfocam o letramento em língua materna por meio dos gêneros discursivos/textuais como unidade principal do processo pedagógico. Infere-se, assim, que as produções científicas sobre esse campo do conhecimento ainda são escassas e não dão conta das teorias que fundamentam a prática pedagógica do ensino de linguagem na EPT. Ressalta-se, portanto, a relevância de produzir estudos específicos na área da linguagem a fim de contribuir para a melhor compreensão do ensino-aprendizagem da língua materna na Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio Subsequente.
Effect of Imidacloprid and Acephate for Tobacco Thrips (Thysonaptera: Thripidae) Management on Flumioxazin Injured Peanut
Authors: Moor J. C. , Gore J. , Catchot A. , Cook D. , Crow W. D. , Dodds D. M. , Sarver J. M. , Towles T. B. , Zurweller B.
Published: February 2021

Experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Stoneville and Starkville Mississippi to determine the impact of different insecticide management options for thrips on herbicide injured peanut. Insecticide treatments included imidacloprid in-furrow at-planting, one or two foliar applications of acephate, and an untreated control with and without an application of flumioxazin. In Stoneville, herbicide applications were made immediately following planting, and in Starkville, applications were made as plants were emerging to maximize herbicide injury. The Stoneville experiment also had an additional factor in which plots were flooded or not flooded to simulate a heavy rainfall in order to maximize herbicide injury and also to give added stress from saturated soils. Thrips counts, thrips injury ratings, plant vigor ratings, plant biomass, width between plant canopies, and yield were recorded. Few interactions were observed, but temporary flooding, herbicide injury, and thrips injury affected peanut growth as measured by biomass and canopy. Imidacloprid was the most consistent insecticide treatment for reducing thrips numbers and injury, but acephate provided some protection. Temporary flooding during the seedling stage, flumioxazin injury, and thrips injury all reduced peanut pod yield. Based on these results, every attempt should be made to minimize early season stress in peanuts including the use of an effective in-furrow insecticide.
Planting Date Effect upon Leaf spot Disease and Pod Yield across Years and Peanut Genotypes
Authors: Branch W. D. , Brown I.N. , Culbreath A.K.
Published: February 2021

During 2012, 2015, and 2018 a set of 18 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (some common and some different) were used to evaluate the effect of planting dates (April, May, and June) on leaf spot disease and pod yield. Within each year, the same genotypes were grown during the three planting dates at the Gibbs Farm near the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA using a randomized complete block design with five replications without fungicides or insecticides but with irrigation. Each year, significant differences (P≤0.05) were found among the genotypes within each of these three planting dates for leaf spot disease ratings (0-9 scale) and pod yields. ‘Georganic' in 2012 and 2015; and GA 132705, ‘Georgia-19HP', and ‘Georgia-14N' in 2018 had among the lowest leaf spot ratings. ‘Georgia-12Y' had the highest average pod yield for each year of the three years. Each year during this study, the April planting date had the lowest, and the June planting date had the highest leaf spot disease ratings. Percent coefficient of variation (CV) was consistently lower at the June planting date which suggest the least variability among the peanut genotypes. In the overall average of genotypes, the April planting date resulted in the highest pod yield and the June planting date had the lowest average pod yield. In summary, April planting dates resulted in the highest pod yields, and the lowest leaf spot ratings across each of the three years.
Hermetic Storage of Shelled Peanut Using the Purdue Improved Crop Storage Bags1
Authors: Butts C.L. , Dean L.L. , Hendrix K.W. , Arias De Ares R.S. , Sorensen R.B. , Lamb M.C.
Published: February 2021

Low oxygen or hermetic storage has been successfully used to store several commodities such as corn (Zea mays L.), cowpea (Vigna Savi), cocoa (Theobroma cocao), coffee (Coffea L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, previous research using hermetic storage for peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) had mixed results. Research was conducted to determine the effect on aflatoxin contamination, seed germination, and oil chemistry of shelled peanut hermetically stored in the Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags for up to 12 months. A 2 × 4 factorial study included 1) normal and high oleic peanut, 2) two initial moisture contents by four storage treatments. The four storage treatments were 1) burlap bags as the control, 2) PICS bags, 3) PICS bags with air extracted by vacuum, and 4) PICS bags with sachets of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) dry fumigant added. There were three replications of each treatment combination. Peanut was stored in an area maintained at a temperature above 21C. The initial seed germination of the normal oleic and high oleic peanuts was 77 and 80%, respectively. Initial aflatoxin concentration in all peanut was less than 2 μg/kg. Bags were opened, sampled, and resealed at 60, 159, 249, and 301 d of storage. Approximately half of the 12 burlap bags suffered significant rodent damage, and all had significant infestation by Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella). Only 4 PICS bags had rodent damage with damage limited to the outer polypropylene bag. There were no live insects in the PICS bags. Seed germination decreased for all samples to an average of 6.3%. Peanut stored in the burlap bags had an average germination of 19.2% compared to 2.1% for peanut stored in PICS bags. The aflatoxin concentration in one of the burlap bags with normal oleic peanuts was 75 μg/kg, and one of the PICS bags with high oleic peanuts had an aflatoxin concentration of 12 μg/kg. The remaining samples had aflatoxin below the detectable limit of 2 μg/kg.
Studi Pengaruh Jenis Katalis, Waktu Reaksi dan Penurunan Bilangan IODINE pada Pembuatan Cocoa Butter Substitute dengan Proses Hidrogenasi Minyak Kelapa
Authors: Widodo Hernowo , Adhani Lisa , Kustiyah Elvi , Santoso Ilham
Published: February 2021

Vegetable fat can be used as a base for making chocolate butter substitutes in making chocolate coatings. The product is also called hard butter can be obtained using coconut oil. The fats used as a substitute for cocoa butter are coconut oil, palm oil and palm kernel oil that have been obtained by hydrogenation, the hydrogenation process is used to reduce iodine numbers to obtain oil in the form of plastic solids and to increase the consistency of oils and fats to reduce color and smell and to improve stability. In this study the hydrogenation reaction of coconut oil experienced an increase in speed when the commercial catalyst composition of Pricat 9910 was added with a 0.75 gram nickel catalyst and 0.75 grams of silica which was characterized by a drastic decrease in iodine number from 12.12 to 1.94 gr I2 / 100 gr example in the reaction time of 8 hours, It contained in hydrogenated coconut oil did not change or damage when the catalyst composition used in the hydrogenation process is increased.
Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair dari Limbah Pasar dengan Perbandingan Hasil Menggunakan Bioaktifator Air tahu dan EM4
Authors: Anggraini Lusi , Kuswoyo Vicky Anderesta , Marsya Mutia Anissa
Published: February 2021

Liquid Fertilizers contain a lot of organic waste which has been decomposed and ready for consumption by plants. By utilizing the remaining vegetables, dried leaves and tofu, it is expected to increase the economic value of waste and reduce environmental pollution. Liquid fertilizer composted by anaerobic fermentation and carried out in a closed bucket (composter) with a comparison of bio-activator wastewater of tofu and EM4. The characterization of liquid fertilizer products was carried out by Nitrogen Analyzer, UV-vis spectroscopies, and AAS tools to test the levels of Nitrogen, Phosphor and Potassium respectively. The Result shown that the N total levels (0,38 %), Phosphor levels (0,06 %), and potassium levels (0,15%) of POC that made from waste water of tofu are higher than POCEM4.
Pengendali Robot Tempat Sampah Menggunakan Smartphone Berbasis Boarduino
Authors: Fadjria Andri , Purnomo Rakhmat , Rahman Nur
Published: February 2021

The cafeteria of Bhayangkara University, Greater Jakarta, has a problem that is a lot ofgarbage left by visitors to the canteen. Waste consists of plastic, paper, food scraps placedat the canteen table by visitors to the canteen. The location of the trash can is far from thevisitors, and the number of trash bins totaling 4 pieces, unable to accommodate the garbagefrom visitors to the canteen can get problems in environmental pollution for the future. Sohe made a study that produced a garbage bin robot with an industrial system 4.0, which isto assist the task of human work. With the aim of reducing the trash left by visitors to thecanteen and the convenience of visitors to put garbage on the robot. Using the protoypingmethod in the system of making garbage bins with the stages of collecting design processneeds, building prototypes, evaluating & repairing, producing a robot with a smartphonecontroller based on boarduino applications so that robots can work according to the needsexpected by researchers.
Pengaruh Pelarut Metanol terhadap Alumunium sebagai Wadah Obat Salep Mata
Authors: Widodo Hernowo , Warta Joni , Ulfah Maria , Annisa Amaliah
Published: February 2021

Corrosion is a decrease in the quality of a material or metal due to electrolyte reactions in the environment that affect the life of the material. Corrosion rate is the speed of propagation or speed of decline in the quality of a material with time. Corrosion processes occur in acidic environments, sea water, rain water, and soil are the result of chemical reactions that are also caused by electrochemical processes. The purpose of this study is to determine the corrosion resistance of aluminum metal to variations in the solution of Methanol (CH3OH).           This study uses aluminum plates that will be immersed 5 days with a solution of Methanol (CH3OH). How to collect data by testing the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on each aluminum plate specimen that has been treated with corrosion by heating at a temperature of 60 oC.           Methanol solution is one of the factors causing corrosion of metals. If in the free environment, air, temperature, and acidic substances are most commonly found as a factor causing corrosion. The increased corrosion rate is due to the higher concentration of the cause of corrosion. In this discussion Methanol as the concentration used, and aluminum as the metal tested.
Sistem Informasi Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat di Universitas Mohammad Husni Thamrin
Authors: Agustino Rano , Widodo Yohanes Bowo , Wiyatno Agus , Saputro Mohammad Ikhsan
Published: February 2021

The Institute for Research and Community Service or Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LPPM) is an activity institution at the University Mohammad Husni Thamrin (UMHT) which functions to manage all research and community service activities. Every research conducted by lecturers aims to improve their quality in gathering tri dharma values, especially on research and community service. But at this time the processing of research data and community service to the LPPM UMHT has not used a database because the data processing uses excel and data archiving is still in physical form which can make it difficult to find data when the data is needed. Data management by using a database and a special application program is expected to be able to support an information system that is fast and accurate, so that the problem of time and the level of effectiveness in managing research data and community service can be optimized. In addition, the need for information from this institution is needed in a fast and appropriate condition to support the improvement of the quality of lecturers and others in terms of research and community service.
PENINGKATAN PELUANG BISNIS STRATEGIS PADA PEMASANGAN SPM DAN JALUR PIPA BAWAH LAUT PROYEK SUPPLY AVTUR KE BANDARA SOEKARNO HATTA DARI REFINERY UNIT-VI BALONGAN
Authors: Edy Edy Soesanto
Published: February 2021

Increasing business opportunities from an economic aspect that includes the financial performance of the Refinery Unit VI is very important to manage. Good financial performance will support the company's business continuity, and also have a positive impact on stakeholders. Refinery Unit VI's commitment to improving financial performance is very high, and strives to achieve predetermined key performance indicators (KPI). Refinery Unit VI measures the achievement of KPI regularly every quarter as part of the evaluation.

Targets related to current economic performance are the achievement of KPIs on Refinery Gross Margin and Net Margin. The person in charge for recording and reporting financial performance is under the Financial Function. Refinery Unit VI uses Internal Control over Financial Reporting (ICoFR) to control financial reports, where each function that has the authorization uploads it on the ICoFR web system. In 2017, Refinery Unit VI succeeded in 100% compliance with the IcoFR.

The realization of the Refinery Unit VI financial performance from 2015 was always above the target despite fluctuations in product prices. This is a good thing, supported by the achievement of the increasing Gross Refinery Margin and Net Margin from 2015–2017. Refinery Unit VI has continuously succeeded in improving financial performance and achieving the highest Gross Refinery Margin among all Refinery Units owned by PT Pertamina (Persero).

The installation of SPM and subsea pipelines is the target of increasing the Refinery Unit VI development program.