bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Geotechnical Seismic Isolation Systems Based on Recycled Tire Rubber–Sand Mixtures
Authors: Sağlam Doğan , Tonaroğlu Murat
Published: February 2025

In geotechnical earthquake engineering, enhancing the seismic properties of foundation soil to modify the characteristics of earthquake waves transmitted to structures presents a viable solution. This study investigates the effect of placing an isolation layer, composed of a mixture of recycled tire rubber and sand, beneath structures to mitigate seismic forces acting on buildings situated on soil layers with high amplification potential. In other words, the role of a soil layer functioning as a seismic isolator is examined. To achieve this objective, the seismic behavior of building-type structures is analyzed through numerical simulations, supplemented by laboratory experiments available in the literature. The numerical analyses are performed in the frequency domain using the finite element method within a one-dimensional (1D) framework. To validate the feasibility of the proposed isolation layer based on parametric analysis results, comparisons are made with laboratory tests available. In the literature, seismic isolation applications with thicknesses ranging from 1 to 3 m resulted in reductions of 6.8% to 16.17% in response spectral accelerations measured at the surface, while improvements in Fourier amplitude ratios ranged between 12.03% and 13.98%. This approach aims to provide an economical and efficient solution for earthquake-resistant structures while simultaneously promoting sustainability by recycling waste tires, contributing both to environmental conservation and economic benefits.
The Effect of Upper Arch Expansion by Clear Aligners on Nasal Airway Volume in Children: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Pan Boyu , MacIntosh Delaney , Njie Rabia , Lui Adelaide , Westover Lindsey , El-Bialy Tarek
Published: February 2025

Adjustments to the anatomy of the facial region, such as maxillary expansion, may impact the geometry of the nasal airway and may increase nasal airway volume. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effect of maxillary dentoalveolar expansion using clear aligners on the nasal airway’s volume and intermolar distance in pediatric patients. Before and after maxillary expansion treatment using clear aligners, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographs were taken as part of the diagnostic and progress records of 11 children (6–13 years) with constricted maxilla (the experimental group). The CBCT scans of 7 children (7–12 years) who had no treatment were considered to be the control group. The changes in nasal airway volume and intermolar distance between the experimental and control groups were compared and analyzed. Correlation analysis between nasal airway volume and intermolar distance changes was also performed. Compared with the control group, the nasal airway volume of the patients in the experimental group showed a significant increase (1595.6 ± 804.1 mm3; p < 0.001), and the intermolar distance also increased significantly (2.4 ± 0.4 mm; p < 0.001). However, there was little correlation between the change in intermolar distance and the change in nasal airway volume in the experimental group (r = −0.029) and a negative correlation in the control group (r = −0.768). This study showed increased maxillary intermolar width and increased nasal airway volume in children with constricted maxilla who underwent orthodontic maxillary expansion using clear aligners. Further studies with larger sample sizes and long follow-ups are needed. Due to the study design and small sample size, the results should be interpreted with caution and no causal relationship can be drawn between maxillary expansion using clear aligners and obstructive sleep apnea.
Navigation of Autonomous Tug via Evolutionary Algorithms with Radar Plot Fitness Evaluation
Authors: Koznowski Wojciech , Łebkowski Andrzej
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an innovative route planning method for autonomous port tugs, using an evolutionary algorithm with radar fitness assessment. The proposed solution takes into account the specifics of tug operation in a complex port environment, characterized by the presence of numerous static obstacles (port infrastructure, islands) and dynamic obstacles (other vessels). The presented radar fitness assessment method allows for taking into account many optimization criteria, such as route length, number of turn points or safety margin with respect to obstacles. The algorithm was tested in four different navigation scenarios of varying complexity. The results of the research showed that, compared to the classic genetic algorithm, the radar method generates routes with fewer turn points (reduction by 1–2 points) and significantly reduces the total course change (up to 53.6%). Additionally, the routes generated by the radar algorithm consistently maintained a greater safety margin with respect to obstacles. The algorithm is prepared to take advantage of data interchange according to International Maritime Organization’s e-navigation proposal via its VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) messages, which could improve the safety of proposed routes and their efficiency. This gives a basis to use the proposed solution as an autonomous vessels and/or formation control algorithm in future automated transport systems.
Automated 3D Image Processing System for Inspection of Residential Wall Spalls
Authors: Wang Junjie , Pang Yunfang , Teng Xinyu
Published: February 2025

Continuous spalling exposure can weaken the performance of structures. Therefore, the development of methods for detecting wall spall damage remains essential in the field of Structural Health Monitoring. Currently, researchers mainly rely on 2D information for spall detection and predominantly use manual data collection methods in the complex environment of residential buildings, which are usually inefficient. To address this challenge, an automated 3D image processing system for wall spalls is proposed in this study. First, UGV path planning was performed in order to collect information about the surrounding environmental defects. Second, to address the shortcomings of RandLA-Net, a dynamic enhanced dual-branch structure is established based on which consistency constraints are introduced, a lightweight attention module is added, and the loss function is optimized in order to enhance the ability of the model in extracting feature information of the point cloud. Finally, spalls are quantitatively evaluated to determine the damage to buildings. The results show that the Randla-Spall achieves 94.71% Recall and 84.20% mIoU on the test set, improved by 4.25% and 5.37%. An integrated process using a lightweight device is achieved in this study, which is capable of efficiently extracting and quantifying spalling defects and provides valuable references for SHM.
The Construction and Investigation of Two-Dimensional Re-Entrant Multiphase Honeycomb Lattice Metafluid
Authors: Pei Dongliang , Song Hao , Su Lin , Li Shanjun
Published: February 2025

Compared to conventional materials, underwater metamaterials possess numerous advantages in the manipulation of sound waves, which have garnered increasing attention. In terms of composition, commonly studied underwater wideband metamaterials can be classified into solid-phase pentamode metafluid and water–solid coupling metafluid. The concept of multiphase design in pentamode metafluid allows for decoupling the regulation of equivalent density from that of the equivalent bulk modulus, facilitating more convenient structural design. In typical auxetic metamaterial structure designs, the “re-entrant” mechanism is commonly employed; the skeleton is inwardly bent to a certain extent, enabling the design of a low volume-modulus for each cell. Consequently, a novel type of water–solid coupling metafluid is devised by combining the concepts of “multiphase” and “re-entrant”. Firstly, a straight-sided skeleton (referred to as “ss” skeletal) unit cell is designed, and its compression wave frequency band is determined through analysis of its band characteristics and related vibration modes. Subsequently, the “re-entrant” (referred to as “re”) mechanism is introduced into a unit cell, revealing an increase in equivalent density while decreasing the equivalent volume modulus due to this feature. The bent skeleton provides lower bulk modulus, while multiphase (referred to as “mp”) counterweighting offers higher equivalent density; their combination enables designing more impedance-matched metafluid. Then, a unit cell is designed utilizing both “re” and “mp” characteristics. Finally, acoustic performance simulations and analyses verify that both types exhibit excellent broadband water-like properties within the frequency range of 5000–27,000 Hz. In order to further validate the reliability of the design concept, two pairs of underwater metafluid cells with an impedance-matching effect were subsequently developed, demonstrating sound speeds that are half and one-third that of water, respectively. The skeleton thickness of the “re” cell was moderately enhanced compared to that of the straight side cell, thereby presenting an innovative approach for designing robust underwater metafluid cells.
Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Response of Tunnel Breakage in the Construction of Cross Passages by Mechanical Excavation Method Using Flat-Face Cutterhead
Authors: Li Bingyi , Li Xianghong , Liu Songyu
Published: February 2025

Mechanical construction has gradually been applied in cross passages of metro lines, but more mechanical mechanisms should be revealed. The section between Jingrong Street Station and Kunjia Road Station in Suzhou Metro Line 11 adopts a mechanical construction method to construct a cross passage. A novel flat-face cutterhead, which is different from curved cutter head is first used to cut and break the main tunnel in construction of cross passage. Based on the background of practical engineering, the finite element method was applied to simulate the breaking process of the main tunnel to explore the dynamic variation in the mechanical response of the segments cut by the flat-face cutterhead. The results indicate that the maximum vertical displacement caused by cutting mainly concentrates on the top of the fully cut rings. The maximum horizontal displacement occurs at the waist on the side of the tunnel portal in the semi-cut rings. The axial force level inside both types of segment rings reaches its peak after the tunnel is formed. The maximum axial force exists at the bottom and top of the fully cut ring and semi-cut ring, respectively. The change in the displacement around the portal is not substantial before the third stage, and it begins to increase significantly from the moment the concrete at the portal is penetrated. The existence of the pre-support system effectively controls the displacement of the third and fourth fully cut rings. Emphasis should be placed on reinforcing the soil near the top and waist of the second to fifth rings. The findings demonstrate that the application of flat-face cutterhead in mechanical construction of cross passages is safe, reliable, and efficient, and can provide valuable suggestions for further cutting parameters and soil reinforcement as well.
Controlling and Experimental Validation of an Air Compressor System with Energy Efficient Novel Pressurized Air Cabin for Open-Cathode PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Özel Mert Ali , Sümer Osman
Published: February 2025

This study investigates a novel pressurized cabin system for open-cathode proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells to enhance energy efficiency and performance. The urgency of this study lies in the increase in the uniformity index (UI) and the decrease in pressure loss, which are crucial parameters of the air supply system. It optimizes the cabin’s 3D geometry using the Taguchi method, achieving a 3.68% increase in UI and a 7.69% reduction in pressure drop. A 1D mathematical model developed for system control demonstrates the pressurized cabin’s superior efficiency compared to conventional air supply systems. Experimental results validate these findings, showing around an 8% reduction in energy consumption and a 9.4% improvement in power output. These results indicate that the novel cabin design offers substantial performance benefits, making it a valuable contribution to energy-efficient fuel cell technology.
A Path Analysis—Generalized Method of Moments Based on a Nearest-Neighbor with Observed Variable Model for Developing New Scenario Policies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Waste Towards Sustainability
Authors: Sutthichaimethee Pruethsan , Saraphirom Phayom , Junsiri Chaiyan
Published: February 2025

This research aims to identify effective strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural waste. It employs a quantitative research approach using an advanced model, the Path Analysis—Generalized Method of Moments Based on a Nearest-Neighbor with Observed Variable Model (Path-GMM-Nearest-Neighbor Model). This model incorporates white noise and addresses gaps in previous models, ensuring minimal forecasting errors. The findings highlight the need for the government to implement the most suitable policy scenario to achieve sustained reductions in agricultural waste over the next two decades (2025–2044). Additionally, we found that the Path-GMM-Nearest-Neighbor Model demonstrated the highest performance, exhibiting the lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Following in performance, in descending order, were the GM-ARIMA Model, Fuzzy Model, BP Model, ANN Model, and Regression Model. The optimal indices identified are green technology and biomass energy. Implementing these indices in national administration is projected to reduce agricultural waste growth to a rate of only 50.58% (2044/2025) while continuously decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, with an expansion rate limited to 43.68% (2044/2025). These measures ensure that emissions remain below Thailand’s carrying capacity threshold of 1560 Gg CO2e. Thus, adopting this strategy as a national policy will enable Thailand to sustainably advance toward a green economy in the future.
Farnesol Improves Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Hepatic Metabolic Dysfunction Induced by Tunicamycin in Mice
Authors: Goswami Naqash , Kinkpe Lionel , Hua Lun , Zhuo Yong , Fang Zhengfeng , Che Lianqiang , Lin Yan , Xu Shengyu , Jiang Xuemei , Feng Bin , Wu De
Published: February 2025

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress significantly affects liver metabolism, often leading to disorders such as hepatic steatosis. Tunicamycin (TM), a known ER stress inducer, is frequently used to model metabolic stress, but its specific effects on liver energy homeostasis remain unclear. This study investigates how farnesol (FOH), a natural compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, counteracts TM-induced ER stress and its associated metabolic disruptions in the liver. Using both primary hepatocytes and a mouse model, this study demonstrates that TM treatment caused upregulation of ER stress markers, including ATF4, and disrupted genes related to lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. Co-treatment with FOH reduced these stress markers and restored the expression of metabolic genes. In vivo, FOH treatment alleviated oxidative stress, reduced lipid accumulation, and restored normal glycogen and lipid metabolism. Histological analysis further confirmed that FOH preserved liver architecture and minimized cellular damage. FOH also stabilized serum lipid profiles and modulated key metabolic biomarkers, suggesting its protective role against TM-induced liver injury. These findings suggest that FOH has therapeutic potential in mitigating ER stress-related metabolic dysfunctions, offering promising insights for the treatment of liver diseases linked to metabolic stress.
Obesity: A Global Health Challenge Demanding Urgent Action
Authors: Abad-Jiménez Zaida , Vezza Teresa
Published: February 2025

Obesity has become one of the most critical health crises of the modern era, affecting millions of individuals worldwide [...]
Midkine Serum Levels in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Grabmaier Ulrich , Ferraro Bartolo , Lehnert Kristin , Petersmann Astrid , Felix Stephan B. , Weckbach Ludwig T.
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This retrospective study examines midkine, an inflammatory cytokine, as a potential serological biomarker to distinguish dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi). Identifying such a biomarker is crucial for effective treatment of these two entities. Methods: The study included 54 patients with heart failure, reduced left ventricular systolic function, and suspected cardiac inflammation. Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained from all 54 patients to differentiate between DCM and DCMi. Blood sera were collected from these patients the same day the endomyocardial biopsy was performed and compared with those of 13 age-matched healthy individuals for different measurements such as midkine and NT-proBNP. Patients were followed up to a median of 194 days after the baseline visit. Results: Endomyocardial biopsies from patients with DCMi were associated with more infiltrating immune cells such as CD68+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells and a more frequent presence of a viral genome than those from patients with DCM. Both groups showed similar improvements in LV function and dimensions over time. MK serum levels were significantly higher in DCM/ DCMi patients than in healthy individuals but did not differ significantly between DCM and DCMi. MK levels did not significantly correlate with NYHA class, NT-proBNP, LVEDD, or LVEF, except for a weak correlation with LVEF at follow-up. Conclusions: Midkine serum levels were significantly higher in patients with a DCM phenotype and severely reduced systolic function. However, these levels could not distinguish between DCM and DCMi and showed no correlation with baseline or follow-up parameters. Therefore, midkine cannot be used as a biomarker to distinguish between DCM and DCMi.
The Role of Cytokines in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders: A Review in the Context of Anesthetic Care
Authors: Koh Hyun Jung , Joo Jin
Published: February 2025

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs), including postoperative delirium, delayed neurocognitive recovery, and long-term postoperative neurocognitive disorders, present significant challenges for older patients undergoing surgery. Inflammation is a protective mechanism triggered in response to external pathogens or cellular damage. Historically, the central nervous system (CNS) was considered immunoprivileged due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which serves as a physical barrier preventing systemic inflammatory changes from influencing the CNS. However, aseptic surgical trauma is now recognized to induce localized inflammation at the surgical site, further exacerbated by the release of peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can compromise BBB integrity. This breakdown of the BBB facilitates the activation of microglia, initiating a cascade of neuroinflammatory responses that may contribute to the onset of PNDs. This review explores the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation, with a particular focus on the pivotal role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of PNDs.
Telomere Dynamics in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Critical Synthesis
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip
Published: February 2025

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a mental disorder caused by exposure to traumatic stress, affects 5–10% of the world’s population. There is some evidence that PTSD is associated with accelerated cellular aging, leading to an increased risk of medical and neurodegenerative comorbidities. Alterations in telomere length (TL) and telomerase enzyme activity have been proposed as biomarkers of this process. This hypothesis was seemingly confirmed in preliminary research, but more recent studies have yielded mixed results. The current narrative review was conducted to provide a critical synthesis of existing research on telomere length and telomerase in PTSD. Data from 26 clinical studies suggest that TL in PTSD is highly variable and may be influenced by methodological, demographic, trauma-related, and psychosocial factors. There is no evidence for altered telomerase activity in PTSD. In contrast, animal research suggests that exposure to traumatic stress does lead to TL shortening. Overall, it is likely that TL is not, by itself, a reliable biomarker of cellular aging in PTSD. Other markers of cellular senescence, such as epigenetic changes, may prove to be more specific in measuring this process in patients with PTSD.
Honey, Gellan Gum, and Hyaluronic Acid as Therapeutic Approaches for Skin Regeneration
Authors: Sousa Patrícia , Moreira Alicia , Lopes Bruna , Sousa Ana Catarina , Coelho André , Rêma Alexandra , Balça Maria , Atayde Luís , Mendonça Carla , da Silva Lucília P. , Costa Cristiana , Marques Alexandra P. , Amorim Irina , Alvites Rui , Batista Filipa , Mata Filipa , Transmontano João , Maurício Ana Colette
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Chronic wounds pose a significant health concern, with their prevalence increasing due to various etiologies. The global aging population further contributes to this rise, placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems in developed countries. This work aimed to develop new therapeutic options in the form of creams and dressings based on honey, gellan gum, and hyaluronic acid for preventing and treating chronic wounds across all stages. Methods: To address this, after the formulations were developed, in vitro cytocompatibility was determined. To confirm biocompatibility, an ovine wound model was used: full-thickness excisional wounds were treated with three formulations, namely gellan gum and honey sponges (GG-HNY), gellan gum, honey and hyaluronic acid sponges (GG-HA-HNY) and a honey-based cream (cream FB002). Daily assessments, including visual evaluation and wound scoring, were conducted for 30 days. Following the study period, tissues were collected for histological analyses. Results: The macroscopic examination revealed that all therapeutic groups facilitated lesion closure. Lesion size reduction, granulation tissue disappearance, and scar tissue development were consistent across all groups, with the group receiving cream demonstrating an advanced stage of healing. All groups achieved substantial wound closure by day 30, with no significant differences. Histopathological analysis following ISO standards revealed that GG-HA-HNY had the lowest ISO score, indicating minimal reactivity and inflammation, which corroborated the cytocompatibility. Conclusions: Combining these insights with previous findings enhances our understanding of wound regeneration dynamics and contributes to refining therapeutic strategies for chronic wounds. The formulations were designed to balance therapeutic efficacy with cost-effectiveness, leveraging low-cost raw materials and straightforward production methods.
In Vivo Vascularization of Cell-Supplemented Spider Silk-Based Hydrogels in the Arteriovenous Loop Model
Authors: Osterloh Justus , Heltmann-Meyer Stefanie , Trossmann Vanessa T. , Cai Aijia , Kulicke Yvonne , Terörde Klara , Sörgel Celena A. , Lang Isabell , Wajant Harald , Scheibel Thomas , Fey Tobias , Steiner Dominik , Arkudas Andreas , Horch Raymund E.
Published: February 2025

The goal of reconstructive surgery in treating tissue defects is to achieve a stable reconstructive outcome while minimizing donor site morbidity. As a result, tissue engineering has emerged as a key focus in the pursuit of this goal. One approach is to create a tissue container that can be preconditioned and later transplanted into the defect area. The characteristics of the matrices used in the tissue container are critical to this approach’s success. Matrices generated with recombinant, functionalized spider silk (eADF4(C16)-RGD) have been reported to be biocompatible and easy to vascularize. However, the effect of exogenously added proangiogenic cells, such as endothelial cells (T17b), on the vascularization process of matrices generated with this hydrogel in vivo has not been described yet. In this study, we implanted arteriovenous (AV) loop containers filled with a spider silk hydrogel consisting of an eADF4(C16)-RGD matrix and encapsulated, differentiated endothelial T17b cells producing the reporter protein TNFR2-Fc-Flag-GpL. The histological and µCT analyses revealed spontaneous angiogenesis and fibrovascular tissue formation in the container at 2 and 4 weeks post-implantation. The reporter protein was detected after 4 weeks. No severe immune response was observed. Altogether, this study demonstrates that cell-supplemented recombinant spider silk is a highly promising hydrogel to produce matrices for tissue engineering applications.
Hybrid BCI for Meal-Assist Robot Using Dry-Type EEG and Pupillary Light Reflex
Authors: Ha Jihyeon , Park Sangin , Han Yaeeun , Kim Laehyun
Published: February 2025

Brain–computer interface (BCI)-based assistive technologies enable intuitive and efficient user interaction, significantly enhancing the independence and quality of life of elderly and disabled individuals. Although existing wet EEG-based systems report high accuracy, they suffer from limited practicality. This study presents a hybrid BCI system combining dry-type EEG-based flash visual-evoked potentials (FVEP) and pupillary light reflex (PLR) designed to control an LED-based meal-assist robot. The hybrid system integrates dry-type EEG and eyewear-type infrared cameras, addressing the preparation challenges of wet electrodes, while maintaining practical usability and high classification performance. Offline experiments demonstrated an average accuracy of 88.59% and an information transfer rate (ITR) of 18.23 bit/min across the four target classifications. Real-time implementation uses PLR triggers to initiate the meal cycle and EMG triggers to detect chewing, indicating the completion of the cycle. These features allow intuitive and efficient operation of the meal-assist robot. This study advances the BCI-based assistive technologies by introducing a hybrid system optimized for real-world applications. The successful integration of the FVEP and PLR in a meal-assisted robot demonstrates the potential for robust and user-friendly solutions that empower the users with autonomy and dignity in their daily activities.
A Bioinspired Multi-Level Numerical Model of the Tibiofemoral Joint for Biomechanical and Biomimetic Applications
Authors: Wei Yuyang , Chen Yijie , Jia Sihan , Yan Lingyun , Bi Luzheng
Published: February 2025

This study presents a comprehensive three-dimensional finite element (FE) model inspired by the biomechanics of the human knee, specifically the tibiofemoral joint during the gait cycle. Drawing from natural biological systems, the model integrates bio-inspired elements, including transversely isotropic materials, to replicate the anisotropic properties of ligaments and cartilage, along with anatomically realistic bone and meniscus structures. This dual-material approach ensures a physiologically accurate representation of knee mechanics under varying conditions. The model effectively captures key biomechanical parameters, including a maximum medial tibial cartilage contact pressure of 16.75 MPa at 25% of the stance phase and a maximum femoral cartilage pressure of 10.57 MPa at 75% of the stance phase. Furthermore, its strong correlation with in vivo and in vitro data highlights its potential for clinical applications in orthopedics, such as pre-surgical planning and post-operative assessments. By bridging the gap between biomechanics and bioinspired design, this research contributes significantly to the field of biomimetics and offers a robust simulation tool for enhancing joint protection strategies and optimizing implant designs.
Playing for a Healthy Life: Integrating Mobile Exergames in Physical Education
Authors: Sotoca-Orgaz Pablo , Arévalo-Baeza Marta , Navia José A.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to promote a coherent pedagogical framework for integrating mobile exergames into physical education (PE) as a strategy to reduce sedentary behavior. The intervention was grounded in the game-based learning methodology, assessing the impact of exergame practice on the physical and mental well-being of prospective PE teachers. The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and a mental effort scale were used to evaluate perceived exertion across various mini-games, measuring physical intensity, motor engagement, and mental effort with participation from 130 undergraduate students in Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. Additionally, the pedagogical and motivational aspects of the Active Arcade v3.11 video game were analyzed to support its future integration into secondary education PE classes. Participants reported high levels of motor engagement throughout the program, accompanied by moderate physical intensity. They also emphasized the user-friendly nature of these augmented reality exergames and expressed enjoyment during the sessions. The findings suggest that mobile exergames hold considerable potential for enhancing skill acquisition and fundamental motor skills while promoting healthy habits among students in PE classes.
Digital Fitness Revolution: User Perspectives on Fitbit’s Role in Health Management
Authors: Jang Seong-bin , Kim Minseong
Published: February 2025

This research explores the intersection of health informatics and behavioral science through the lens of fitness technologies, specifically Fitbit products. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study examines how these technologies influence user acceptance and physical activity motivation. Employing a qualitative approach, the paper analyzed Fitbit user reviews to reveal insights into real-world interactions and perceptions, thereby deepening the understanding of technology adoption behaviors in health contexts. The findings highlight the significance of perceived ease of use and usefulness, as well as the integration of health consciousness in technology acceptance, enriching the TAM framework. Additionally, the study confirms Self-Determination Theory’s proposition of intrinsic motivation being more effective for lasting behavior change, as seen in users’ evolving interactions with Fitbit features. Furthermore, this study contributes to health behavior theories by demonstrating the role of technological devices in altering health routines.
Under Pressure: Gifted Students’ Vulnerabilities, Stressors, and Coping Mechanisms Within a High Achieving High School
Authors: Helsper Addison , DeShon Lillian , Boylan Laura E. , Galliher James , Rubenstein Lisa DaVia
Published: February 2025

This qualitative study explores the interactions among gifted students’ vulnerabilities, stressors, supports, and coping mechanisms at a public, high-achieving residential high school. Qualitative interviews (n = 12) revealed that teachers caused stress by (a) failing to provide academic challenges and/or (b) failing to support students’ diverse identities; conversely, teachers provided support when they were available, enthusiastic, and understanding. Further, peers added stress through class rank competition but fostered support through accepting diverse identities and building friendships. In general, students heavily relied on problem-focused coping to address academic stress (e.g., changing schools, advocacy), yet had minimal adaptative coping strategies to address social stress. Students also discussed hybrid coping approaches, like extracurriculars and counseling. These findings suggest that interventions, such as teacher training and peer support programs, should address specific vulnerabilities, including diverse identities, and provide direct instruction in developing coping strategies to address social stressors.
Real Estate Owners’ Early Thoughts on Lean IPD Implementation in Spain
Authors: Gil Sebastián José Javier , Soler Severino Manuel José
Published: February 2025

The construction industry faces persistent inefficiencies, with projects often failing to meet time, cost, quality, and other conditions of satisfaction. This study investigated real estate owners’ early perceptions of Lean Integrated Project Delivery (Lean IPD) as a potential solution, analyzing the acceptance of principles such as early stakeholder involvement, risk–reward compensation, and open-book accounting, among other key features in Lean IPD. A survey of 62 professionals in real estate development companies in Spain was conducted, analyzing their experience with collaborative contracts and Lean techniques, including Last Planner System and Target Value Design. Statistical methods such as hierarchical clustering and PLS-SEM modeling revealed two distinct groups: those receptive to Lean IPD’s economic mechanisms and those less inclined. While governance principles like early collaboration and team co-responsibility received widespread support, skepticism was noted toward economic transparency practices due to cultural and structural barriers. Additionally, the findings indicate a significant gap in formal training for Lean IPD. Despite challenges, there is strong interest in adopting Lean IPD, driven by its potential to address critical project inefficiencies. This study concludes that successful Lean IPD implementation requires strategic leadership from owners, targeted training programs, and a cultural shift within the industry to embrace collaborative and transparent practices.
Study on Mechanism of Visual Comfort Perception in Urban 3D Landscape
Authors: Zhang Miao , Shen Tao , Huo Liang , Liao Shunhua , Shen Wenfei , Li Yucai
Published: February 2025

Landscape visual evaluation is a key method for assessing the value of visual landscape resources. This study aims to enhance the visual environment and sensory quality of urban landscapes by establishing standards for the visual comfort of urban natural landscapes. Using line-of-sight and multi-factor analysis algorithms, the method assesses spatial visibility and visual exposure of building clusters in the core urban areas of Harbin, identifying areas and viewpoints with high visual potential. Focusing on the viewpoints of landmark 3D models and the surrounding landscape’s visual environment, the study uses the city’s sky, greenery, and water features as key visual elements for evaluating the comfort of urban natural landscapes. By integrating GIS data, big data street-view photos, and image semantic recognition, spatial analysis algorithms extract both objective and subjective visual values at observation points, followed by mathematical modeling and quantitative analysis. The study explores the coupling relationship between objective physical visual values and subjective perceived visibility. The results show that 3D visual analysis effectively reveals the relationship between landmark buildings and surrounding landscapes, providing scientific support for urban planning and contributing to the development of a more distinctive and attractive urban space.
Gas Plasma Technology and Immunogenic Cell Death: Implications for Chordoma Treatment
Authors: Bekeschus Sander , Roessler Karl , Kepp Oliver , Freund Eric
Published: February 2025

Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in developed societies. Specifically, cancers of the spine and brain come with significant therapeutic challenges. Chordomas are semi-malignant tumors that develop from embryonic residuals at the skull base (clival) or coccyx (sacral). Small tumor fragments can remain in the operation cavities during surgical resection, forming new tumor sites. This requires repeated surgeries or the application of proton-beam radiation and chemotherapy, which often do not lead to complete remission of the tumors. Hence, there is a need for novel therapeutic avenues that are not limited to killing visible tumors but can be applied after surgery to decrease chordoma recurrences. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated locally via novel medical gas plasma technologies are one potential approach to address this clinical problem. Previously, broad-spectrum free radicals generated by these cold physical plasmas operated at about body temperature were shown to oxidize cancer cells to the disadvantage of their growth and induce immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD), ultimately promoting anticancer immunity. This review outlines the clinical challenges of chordoma therapy, how medical gas plasma technology could serve as an adjuvant treatment modality, and potential immune-related mechanisms of action that could extend the longevity of gas plasma therapy beyond its acute local tissue effects.
Surgical Outcomes in Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer with Liver Metastasis Current Evidence and Future Directions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Surgical Resection
Authors: Clements Noah , Gaskins Jeremy , Martin Robert C. G.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: There is increasing evidence that a subset of patients with stage IV pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and liver-only metastasis may benefit from surgical resection of both the primary tumor and metastatic lesions. Methods: A meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted in patients with stage IV PDAC and hepatic-only metastasis. A comprehensive literature search (January 2015–June 2023) was performed using PubMed with keywords including “pancreatic cancer”, “oligometastatic”, and “surgery”. Results: Sixteen articles were included in the final review and characterized based on patient selection factors and prognostic indicators. Seven studies reported hazard ratios (HRs) or Kaplan–Meier curves for survival in synchronous resected cohorts versus chemotherapy/palliation alone, which indicated a statistically significant survival benefit in the resection cohorts (pooled HR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.31–0.53, p < 0.01). Prognostic indicators for synchronous and metachronous resection included lower pre-operative CA19-9, negative margin status of the primary tumor, moderate-to-well-differentiated tumors (grades I–II), and receiving pre-operative chemotherapy. Conclusions: Surgical/ablation selection factors are evolving, with priorities on (1) response to induction chemotherapy, (2) ability to achieve R0 resection, and (3) minimally invasive approaches remaining critical to optimal patient selection. Standardized radiologic and tumor marker evaluation and response to neoadjuvant therapy and optimizing performance status are critical to improved outcomes.
Pediatric Pleural Effusion and Pneumococcal Vaccination Trends in the Pre- and Post-COVID Era: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Atanasiu Denisa Lavinia , Mitrica Maria , Petrescu Luciana , Falup-Pecurariu Oana , Bleotu Laura , Lixandru Raluca Ileana , Greenberg David , Grecu Alexandra
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Pleural effusion represents an accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, frequently associated with pneumonia. There has been a gradual increase in cases among children in recent years, with a notable rise during the post-pandemic period, potentially due to immune debt, decreased vaccination coverage, and changes in pathogen dynamics. Methods: We enrolled 66 children with pleural effusion treated at the Children’s Emergency Clinical Hospital, Brasov, between January 2019 and September 2024. We analyzed the data on demographics, symptoms, vaccination status, hospitalization, and treatments to assess the trends in the incidence and clinical features. Results: The median age was 5 years (ranging from 3 months to 17 years). Most patients were male (57.5%) from rural areas (34.8%). Only 40.9% fulfilled the vaccination schedule of Romania. We observed a rise in hospitalizations in the last two years, with 16 cases in 2023 and 15 in 2024, and most were being admitted in April (15.5%). Patients mainly had severe (36%) and medium (26%) acute respiratory failure. S. pneumoniae was the most common isolate with two cases each of serotype 1, 14, and 23A, and one case each of serotype 3, 31, and 34, followed by H. influenzae and P. aeruginosa. Treatment was mostly with ceftriaxone (69.6%), Vancomycin (63.6%), Meropenem (53.0%), and Teicoplanin (25.7%). Some children required thoracic drainage (34.8%). Complications like pneumothorax (16.6%), polyserositis (4.5%), and pneumomediastinum (3.0%) were found. Conclusions: The rise in pleural effusion cases may be influenced by various factors, such as changes in pathogen behavior or host immune responses following the pandemic. Further research is needed to understand these potential mechanisms. The emergence of non-PCV20 strains and the common occurrence of serotype 3 infections point out the need to study serotype trends and evaluate whether expanding vaccine programs could be beneficial.
The Contribution of FMRP to the Development of Speech and Vocabulary in Young Boys with Fragile X Syndrome: A Retrospective Examination
Authors: Hooper Stephen R. , Sideris John , Hatton Deborah R. , Roberts Joanne R.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This study examined the development of speech, expressive vocabulary, and receptive vocabulary in boys with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), with a focus on the contribution of the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (FMRP), while controlling for the effects of nonverbal IQ, maternal education, and Autism status on the development of these skills. Methods: Participants included 45 boys with full mutation FXS, ranging in age from 2.9 to 14.0 years, who were subdivided into those with FXS only (FXS-Only) and those with FXS and Autism (FXS-Autism). Speech, expressive vocabulary, and receptive vocabulary skills were assessed over three years for each participant. Results: There was a significant relationship between each of the outcome measures and the child’s nonverbal mental level, and between for both outcome measures of vocabulary and Autism status, but these relationships were moderated by the level of FMRP. Specifically, higher levels of FMRP seemed to increase the relationship between developmental level of speech, receptive, and expressive vocabulary for boys with FXS with and without Autism; however, at lower levels of FMRP, these relationships seemed to weaken significantly for both groups. Conclusions: These findings implicate increased complexity in the relationship between various contributors to the rates of growth of speech, expressive vocabulary, and receptive vocabulary in boys with FXS, with FMRP being a key variable potentially moderating the relationship between nonverbal abilities, Autism status, and speech and vocabulary development.
Circadian Rhythms, Regular Exercise, and Cognitive Performance in Morning-Trained Dancers
Authors: Marchesano Mariana , Carboni Alejandra , Tassino Bettina , Silva Ana
Published: February 2025

Time-of-day and individual circadian variability influence cognitive performance, with later chronotypes being most compromised earlier in the day. On the other hand, moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to enhance cognitive function. We sought to evaluate the interplay among circadian rhythms, exercise, and cognitive performance in 22 students from the Uruguayan National Dance School, a population previously characterized as late chronotypes, attending a demanding morning schedule. We assessed sleep habits and physical activity patterns using self-report questionnaires and actigraphy. Before and after morning training, participants completed a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and a visual Stroop task (congruent and incongruent). The reaction speeds were lower early in the morning than at noon for all these tasks. We also found (1) a positive correlation between weekend sleep duration and PVT performance before training but not after; (2) a negative correlation between individual circadian phase and Stroop performance for both congruent and incongruent conditions after training but not before; and (3) a better Stroop performance after training for both congruent and incongruent conditions in dancers who engaged longer moderate-intensity exercise during training. Our findings suggest that regular morning training might help mitigate cognitive impairments experienced by dancers with later chronotypes in challenging morning scenarios.
Biomass-Derived Bio-Oil for Asphalt Binder Applications: Production Feasibility and Performance Enhancement
Authors: El-Sherbeni Aya A. , Awed Ahmed M. , Gabr Alaa R. , El-Badawy Sherif M.
Published: February 2025

Biomass offers a renewable pathway for sustainable infrastructure, particularly in bio-oil production from biomass through processes such as fast pyrolysis to be used as an alternative to asphalt binders. This review explores biomass sources, production techniques, and the role of bio-oil in addressing the demand for eco-friendly materials in the pavement construction industry. The review also examines the upgrading processes of bio-oil, its physical and chemical properties, and its application in producing bio-modified asphalt binder (BMA). The use of bio-oils in asphalt binders not only reduces the carbon footprint but also promotes the utilization of renewable resources, contributing to a more sustainable pavement industry. Additionally, bio-oil incorporation enhances asphalt binder performance by improving rutting resistance at high temperatures and stiffness at low temperatures, while reducing susceptibility to low-temperature cracking. Challenges include variability in high-temperature performance and moisture sensitivity. Based on the findings of this comprehensive review, future research directions should focus on optimizing production processes, broadening biomass feedstocks, and mitigating moisture issues to align bio-oil properties with asphalt binder specifications.
Correction: Zou et al. Crystal Growth, Photoluminescence and Radioluminescence Properties of Ce3+-Doped Ba3Y(PO4)3 Crystal. Crystals 2024, 14, 431
Authors: Zou Zhenggang , Weng Jiaolin , Liu Chun , Lin Yiyang , Zhu Jiawei , Sun Yijian , Huang Jianhui , Gong Guoliang , Wen Herui
Published: February 2025

The original version of the manuscript [...]
Comparison of the Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effect of Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) iStent Inject W and Hydrus—The 12-Month Real-Life Data
Authors: Weich Cedric , Zimmermann Julian Alexander , Storp Jens Julian , Merté Ralph-Laurent , Eter Nicole , Brücher Viktoria Constanze
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of Hydrus® Microstent and iStent inject® W implants, in combination with phacoemulsification, for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study analyzed medical records of glaucoma patients who underwent either Hydrus® Microstent or iStent inject® W implantation combined with cataract surgery at the University Hospital Muenster, Germany. Key outcome measures included absolute and relative IOP reduction, reduction in topical antiglaucoma medication use, overall success rate, and complications. A total of 32 eyes were analyzed, 16 in each treatment group, with a 12-month follow-up. Results: Both groups demonstrated significant postoperative IOP reduction (Hydrus: p < 0.001; iStent inject® W: p = 0.032). The Hydrus group achieved significantly greater relative IOP reduction compared to the iStent inject® W group (p = 0.043). The Hydrus group also showed a significant reduction in daily antiglaucoma medication use (p = 0.002), whereas the iStent inject® W group did not achieve statistical significance in this regard (p = 0.054). The overall success rate was higher in the Hydrus group (38%) than in the iStent inject® W group (13%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.102). No device-related complications were observed in either group. Conclusions: The Hydrus® Microstent demonstrated superior IOP reduction and a more significant reduction in the need for antiglaucoma medications compared to the iStent inject® W in a real-world setting. These findings support the use of the Hydrus implant as an effective and safe micro-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) option for patients with mild to moderate POAG. Further studies with larger patient populations and long-term follow-up are warranted to confirm the efficacy in patients with PEX and advanced glaucoma.