bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying a data-driven gender lens to air pollution policies in the ASEAN region
Authors:   Stockholm Environment Institute, Archer Diane , Sinswat Wilatluk ,   Stockholm Environment Institute, Slater Jessica ,   International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Bannister Thomas ,   UN Environment Programme, Asia and the Pacific Office
Published: May 2023

This report highlighted opportunities in the ASEAN region for more equitable and inclusive policymaking on air pollution – in terms of developing evidence-based policies through use of gender disaggregated data collection and analysis and in terms of the impacts of their implementation. To illuminate the unequal burdens of air pollution, the authors shared case studies in the ASEAN region of approaches that better use and disaggregate data. These case studies demonstrate how policy decisions need to be based on data that highlight the differentiated and gendered health and socio-economic impacts of air pollution and other environmental challenges. The authors also reported on previous research in the region that examines air pollution and health impacts with a gender and intersectional lens, which has been minimal to date.
Considerations for hypothetical carbon dioxide removal via alkalinity addition in the Amazon River watershed
Authors: Mu Linquan , Palter Jaime B. , Wang Hongjie
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The Amazon River plume plays a critical role in shaping the carbonate chemistry over a vast area in the western tropical North Atlantic. We conduct a sensitivity analysis of hypothetical ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) via quicklime addition in the Amazon River watershed, examining the response of carbonate chemistry and air–sea carbon dioxide flux to the alkalinity addition. Through a series of sensitivity tests, we show that the detectability of the OAE-induced alkalinity increment depends on the perturbation strength (or size of the alkalinity addition, ΔTA) and the number of samples: there is a 90 % chance to meet a minimum detectability requirement with ΔTA>15 µmol kg−1 and sample size >40, given background variability of 15–30 µmol kg−1. OAE-induced pCO2 reduction at the Amazon plume surface would range between 0–25 µatm when ΔTA=20 µmol kg−1, decreasing with increasing salinity (S). Adding 20 µmol kg−1 of alkalinity at the river mouth could elevate the total carbon uptake in the Amazon River plume (15<S<35) by at least 0.07–0.1 Mt CO2 per month, and a major portion of the uptake would occur in the saltiest region (S>32) due to its large size, comprising approximately 80 % of the S>15 plume area. However, the lowest-salinity region (S<15) has a greater drop in surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2sw) due to its low buffer capacity, potentially allowing for observational detectability of pCO2sw reduction in this region. Reduced outgassing in this part of the plume, while more uncertain, may also be important for total additional CO2 uptake. Such sensitivity tests are useful in designing minimalistic field trials and setting achievable goals for monitoring, reporting, and verification purposes.
Measurement report: Ammonia in Paris derived from ground-based open-path and satellite observations
Authors: Viatte Camille , Guendouz Nadir , Dufaux Clarisse , Hensen Arjan , Swart Daan , Van Damme Martin , Clarisse Lieven , Coheur Pierre , Clerbaux Cathy
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3) is an important air pollutant which, as precursor of fine particulate matter, raises public health issues. This study analyzes 2.5-years of NH3 observations derived from ground-based (miniDOAS) and satellite (IASI) remote sensing instruments to quantify, for the first time, temporal variabilities (from interannual to diurnal) of NH3 concentrations in Paris. The IASI and miniDOAS datasets are found to be in relatively good agreement (R > 0.70) when atmospheric NH3 concentrations are high and driven by regional agricultural activities. Over the investigated period (January 2020–June 2022), NH3 average concentrations in Paris measured by the miniDOAS and IASI are 2.23 μg.m−3 and 7.10 × 1015 molecules.cm−2, respectively, which are lower or equivalent to those documented in urban areas. The seasonal and monthly variabilities of NH3 concentrations in Paris are driven by sporadic agricultural emissions influenced by meteorological conditions, with NH3 concentrations in spring up to 2 times higher than in other seasons. The potential source contribution function (PSCF) reveals that the close (100–200 km) east and northeast regions of Paris constitute the most important potential emission source areas of NH3 in the megacity. Weekly cycles of NH3 derived from satellite and ground-based observations show different ammonia sources in Paris. In spring, agriculture has a major influence on ammonia concentrations and, in the other seasons, multi-platform observations suggest that ammonia is also controlled by traffic-related emissions. In Paris, the diurnal cycle of NH3 concentrations is very similar to the one of NO2, with morning enhancements coincident with intensified road traffic. NH3 evening enhancements synchronous with rush hours are also monitored in winter and fall. NH3 concentrations measured during the weekends are consistently lower than NH3 concentrations measured during weekdays in summer and fall. This is a further evidence of a significant traffic source of NH3 in Paris.
Multi-decadal trends and variability in burned area from the 5th version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5)
Authors: Chen Yang , Hall Joanne , van Wees Dave , Andela Niels , Hantson Stijn , Giglio Louis , van der Werf Guido R. , Morton Douglas C. , Randerson James T.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Long-term records of burned area are needed to understand wildfire dynamics, assess fire impacts on ecosystems and air quality, and improve fire forecasts. Here we fuse multiple streams of remote sensing data to create a 24-year (1997–2020) dataset of monthly burned area as a component of the 5th version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5). During 2001–2020, we use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD64A1 burned area product and correct for the errors of commission and omission. Adjustment factors are estimated based on region, land cover, and tree cover fraction, using spatiotemporally aligned burned area from Landsat or Sentinel-2. Burned area in cropland, peatland, and deforestation regions is estimated from MODIS active fire detections. Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) and Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) active fire data are used to extend the time series back to 1997. Global annual burned area is estimated to be 774 ± 63 Mha yr−1 during 2001–2020 or 5.9 ± 0.5 % of ice-free land. Burned area declined by 1.21 ± 0.66 % yr−1, a cumulative decrease of 24.2 ± 13.2 % over 20 years. The global reduction is primarily driven by decreases in fire within savannas, grasslands, and croplands. Forest, peat, and deforestation fires did not exhibit long-term trends. GFED5 global burned area is 93 % higher than MCD64A1, 61 % higher than GFED4s, and in closer agreement with burned area products from higher-resolution satellite sensors. These data may reduce discrepancies between fire emission estimates from top-down and bottom-up approaches, and improve understanding of global fire impacts on the carbon cycle and climate system.
Development of a multiphase chemical mechanism to improve secondary organic aerosol formation in CAABA/MECCA (version 4.5.6-rc.1)
Authors: Wieser Felix , Sander Rolf , Taraborrelli Domenico
Published: May 2023

Abstract. During the last decades, the impact of multiphase chemistry on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been demonstrated to be key in explaining lab experiments and field measurements. However, global atmospheric models still show large biases when simulating atmospheric observations of organic aerosols (OA). Major reasons for the model errors are the use of simplified chemistry schemes of gas-phase oxidation of vapors and parameterization of heterogeneous surface reactions. The photochemical oxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) leads to products that either produce new SOA or are taken up by existing aqueous media like cloud droplets and deliquescent aerosols. After partitioning, aqueous-phase processing results in polyols, organosulfates, and other products with a high molar mass and oxygen content. In this work, we have introduced the formation of new low-volatility organic compounds (LVOC) into the multiphase chemistry box model CAABA/MECCA. Most notable is the addition of the SOA precursors limonene, long-chain alkanes (up to 8 C atoms), and a semi-explicit chemical mechanism for the formation of LVOC from isoprene oxidation in the gas- and aqueous-phase. Moreover, Henry’s law solubility constants and their temperature dependences have been estimated for the partitioning of organic molecules to the aqueous phase. Box model simulations indicate that the new chemical scheme predicts enhanced formation of LVOC, which are accounted for being precursor species to SOA. As expected, the model predicts that LVOC is positively correlated to temperature but negatively correlated to NOx levels. However, the aqueous-phase processing of isoprene-epoxydiols (IEPOX) displays a more complex dependence on these two key variables. Semi-quantitative comparison with observations from the SOAS campaign suggests that the model may overestimate methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetrol (MeBuTETROL) from IEPOX. The extensions in CAABA/MECCA will be ported to the 3D-atmospheric model MESSy for a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of aqueous-phase chemistry on SOA at a global scale.
Quantifying the trade-offs in re-operating dams for the environment in the Lower Volta River
Authors: Owusu Afua , Zatarain Salazar Jazmin , Mul Marloes , van der Zaag Pieter , Slinger Jill
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The construction of the Akosombo and Kpong dams in the Lower Volta River basin in Ghana changed the downstream riverine ecosystem and affected the
lives of downstream communities, particularly those who lost their
traditional livelihoods. In contrast to the costs borne by those in the
vicinity of the river, Ghana has enjoyed vast economic benefits from the
affordable hydropower, irrigation schemes and lake tourism that developed
after construction of the dams. Herein lies the challenge; there exists a
trade-off between water for river ecosystems and related services on the one hand and anthropogenic water demands such as hydropower or irrigation on the other. In this study, an Evolutionary Multi-Objective Direct Policy
Search (EMODPS) is used to explore the multi-sectoral trade-offs that exist
in the Lower Volta River basin. Three environmental flows, previously
determined for the Lower Volta, are incorporated separately as environmental objectives. The results highlight the dominance of hydropower production in the Lower Volta but show that there is room for providing environmental flows under current climatic and water use conditions if the firm energy requirement from Akosombo Dam reduces by 12 % to 38 % depending on the environmental flow regime that is implemented. There is uncertainty in climate change effects on runoff in this region; however multiple scenarios are investigated. It is found that climate change leading to increased annual inflows to the Akosombo Dam reduces the trade-off between hydropower and the environment as this scenario makes more water available for users. Furthermore, climate change resulting in decreased annual inflows provides the opportunity to strategically provide dry-season environmental flows, that is, reduce flows sufficiently to meet low flow requirements for key ecosystem services such as the clam fishery. This study not only highlights the challenges in balancing anthropogenic water demands and environmental considerations in managing existing dams but also identifies opportunities for compromise in the Lower Volta River.
An optimized long short-term memory (LSTM)-based approach applied to early warning and forecasting of ponding in the urban drainage system
Authors: Zhu Wen , Tao Tao , Yan Hexiang , Yan Jieru , Wang Jiaying , Li Shuping , Xin Kunlun
Published: May 2023

Abstract. In this study, we propose an optimized long short-term memory (LSTM)-based approach which is applied to early warning and forecasting of ponding in the urban drainage system. This approach can quickly identify and locate ponding with relatively high accuracy. Based on the approach, a model is developed, which is constructed by two tandem processes and utilizes a multi-task learning mechanism. The superiority of the developed model was demonstrated by comparing with two widely used neural networks (LSTM and convolutional neural networks). Then, the model was further revised with the available monitoring data in the study area to achieve higher accuracy. We also discussed how the number of selected monitoring points influenced the performance of the corrected model. In this study, over 15 000 designed rainfall events were used for model training, covering various extreme weather conditions.
ACHIEVING CENTIMETERS-LEVEL GPS POSITIONING ACCURACY USING A SMARTPHONE FOR MAPPING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Uradziński M. , Bakuła M.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Nowadays, GNSS chips inside modern smartphones deliver high-quality code and carrier phase measurements which may be applied in various mobile applications, especially in mapping applications. In this situation, the usefulness of a professional geodetic receiver is commonly met to reach centimeters and sub-centimeter accuracies. To obtain such precise positioning results, carrier-phase measurements should be used. Therefore, we decided to check the Huawei P 30 Pro smartphone GNSS-based positioning system which may be an excellent tool to fast and accurately measure the points or details which may need to be precisely mapped with accuracies within centimeters. According to the tested smartphones' postprocessing RTKLib 2.4.3 software results, we could fix all L1 ambiguities based on GPS-only satellite constellation. After the comparison to reference fixed point position, for all 1-hour static session results, positioning errors were at centimeters level of accuracy (1-5cm). For fast static surveying mode, the best results were obtained for 30-minute sessions, where average accuracy was also at centimeters level (close to the level of a professional geodetic receiver).
Accuracy of regional-to-global soil maps for on-farm decision-making: are soil maps “good enough”?
Authors: Maynard Jonathan J. , Yeboah Edward , Owusu Stephen , Buenemann Michaela , Neff Jason C. , Herrick Jeffrey E.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. A major obstacle to selecting the most appropriate crops and
closing the yield gap in many areas of the world is a lack of site-specific
soil information. Accurate information on soil properties is critical for
identifying soil limitations and the management practices needed to improve
crop yields. However, acquiring accurate soil information is often difficult
due to the high spatial and temporal variability of soil properties at fine
scales and the cost and inaccessibility of laboratory-based soil analyses.
With recent advancements in predictive soil mapping, there is a growing
expectation that soil map predictions can provide much of the information
needed to inform soil management. Yet, it is unclear how accurate current
soil map predictions are at scales relevant to management. The main
objective of this study was to address this issue by evaluating the
site-specific accuracy of regional-to-global soil maps, using Ghana as a
test case. Four web-based soil maps of Ghana were evaluated using a dataset
of 6514 soil profile descriptions collected on smallholder farms using the
LandPKS mobile application. Results from this study revealed that publicly
available soil maps in Ghana lack the needed accuracy (i.e., correct
identification of soil limitations) to reliably inform soil management
decisions at the 1–2 ha scale common to smallholders. Standard measures of
map accuracy for soil texture class and rock fragment class predictions
showed that all soil maps had similar performance in estimating the correct
property class. Overall soil texture class accuracies ranged from 8 %–14 %
but could be as high as 38 %–64 % after accounting for uncertainty in the
evaluation dataset. Soil rock fragment class accuracies ranged from
26 %–29 %. However, despite these similar overall accuracies, there were
substantial differences in soil property predictions among the four maps,
highlighting that soil map errors are not uniform between maps. To better
understand the functional implications of these soil property differences,
we used a modified version of the FAO Global Agro-Ecological Zone (GAEZ)
soil suitability modeling framework to derive soil suitability ratings for
each soil data source. Using a low-input, rain-fed, maize production
scenario, we evaluated the functional accuracy of map-based soil property
estimates. This analysis showed that soil map data significantly
overestimated crop suitability for over 65 % of study sites, potentially
leading to ineffective agronomic investments by farmers, including
cash-constrained smallholders.
INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE TURKESTAN REGION
Authors:   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Muminova Sh.S.
Published: May 2023

Майбұршақ – ерекше және мағыналы дақыл. Оның барлық басқа танаптық дақылдар арасындағы ерекшелігі тұқымның бай биохимиялық құрамымен және ең алдымен оның құрамындағы аминқышқылдық құрамы жағынан толыққанды ақуыздың жоғарылығымен, оны өсіру мүмкіндігіне байланысты ерекше өнімділігімен түсіндіріледі. Астық (жай) және өңделген (кең қатарлы) технология бойынша атмосфералық ауадан азоттың симбиотикалық фиксациясы есебінен топырақтың құнарлылығын арттыру мүмкіндігі. Арзан протеинмен қоректену көзі, ең құнды жемдік ингредиент және көптеген фармацевтикалық және косметикалық өнімдердің маңызды құрамдас бөлігі бола отырып, майбұршақ өзінің өсіп келе жатқан әлеуметтік маңыздылығын сәтті көрсетеді. Соңғы жылдары Қазақстанда майбұршақ астығына сұраныс артты. Дәстүрлі оңтүстікшығыс өңірімен қатар еліміздің солтүстік аймақтары мен оңтүстігінде тарала бастады. Мақалада минералды тыңайтқыштардың майбұршақ дәнінің өнімділігі мен сапасына әсері бойынша далалық тәжірибелердің нәтижелері берілген. Зерттеулер «Оңтүстік-Батыс мал шаруашылығы және өсімдік шаруашылығы ғылыми-зерттеу институты» ЖШС тәжірибе алаңында жүргізілді. Бақылау нұсқасы бойынша «Ласточка» сортында 1 майбұршақ өсімдігінен тұқым саны 146,1 дана, «Аққу» сортында 171,9 дана, «Галина» сортында 163,5 дана, ал нұсқада тұқым саны анықталды. Фосфор-калий тыңайтқыштарын және микроэлементтерді енгізу бойынша, тұқым саны тиісінше 148,6; 177,7 және 167,6 дана, бақылаудан 2,4 артық; 5,8 және 4,1 дана. P60K45 + Mo,B минералды тыңайтқыштардың әсерінен әртүрлі майбұршақ сорттарының өнімділігінің артуы 101,6-дан 103,5% - ға дейін болды. «Аққу» сорты тыңайтқышқа ең сезімтал болып шықты (1,3 ц/га өсті). Минералды тыңайтқыштар мен микроэлементтерді қолдануда ақуызды 1,2-1,4 есеге, соя тұқымының майлылығын 1,1-1,2 есеге арттырды.
EVALUATION OF THE ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF FORAGE CROPS ON SALT
Authors:   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almatycity, Republic of Kazakhstan, Anuarbekov K.K. , Abdibay A.M., ,   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almatycity, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kuvatova G.M., ,   Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almatycity, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2023

Сырдария өзенінің төменгі ағысындағы қуаң аймақтарда суармалы жерлерді тиімді пайдалану мәселесі қазіргі таңда басты маңызға ие, өйткені елде өсірілетін барлық ауылшаруашылық дақылдарының басым бөлігі осы аймақта шоғырланған, ауыл шаруашылығы жерлерінің жалпы ауданы 170 мың гектардан(қолданыстағы) асады, ал халық саны соңғы санақ бойынша 800 мыңнан жоғары. Қызылорда облысы Қазақстандағы күріш дақылын егуді кәсіп еткен бірден-бір өлке. Қазіргі таңда 75 мың га жуық алқапта күріш егісі қалыптасқан. Аймақта суғармалы егістіктің 33-35% немесе 65 мың га жуық жерлер өте қатты тұзданып істен шыққан. Бұл жерлердің тұздылығы орта есеппен 4,562%(құрғақ топырақ салмағынан) және жыл сайын бұл көрсеткіш көтеріліп келеді. Соның салдарынан аймақ айтарлықтай өнім ала алмай отыр. Ю.И.Ионис және басқа да ғалымдардың айтуы бойынша «құрғақ аймақтардың экологиялық мәні – «экстремалды факторлардың патшасы», яғни олардың көпшілігі, соның ішінде тұздылық процесі – реттеуге келмейді» деп есептейді. Мұндай жағдайларда өнімді фитомелиоранттарды дайындаудың негізгі әдісі тұздануға және басқа да төтенше жағдайларға төзімді дақылдар мен сорттарды іріктеу, сондай-ақ оларды сол қоршаған ортаның нақты жағдайларына бейімдеу деп санайды. Сондықтан мақалада осы аталған мәселелерді шешу үшін тұзданған топырақтарда мал азықтық дақылдардың бейімделу әлеуеті, оларды топырақ тереңдігі бойынша өңдеу әдістері, мал азықтық дақылдарының тұздану дәрежесі бойынша төзімділігі, мал азықтықтық дақылдарын еккеннен кейінгі топырақ құнарлылығы, топырақтың көлемдік массасының көрсеткіштері, сонымен қатар, аталған топырақ тереңдігі бойынша өңдеу әдістерінен кейінгі дақылдардың өнімділігі және т.б. көрсеткіштері келтірілген
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRE BLIGHT PATHOGEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA ISOLATED FROM FRUIT CULTURES IN SOUTHEASTERN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   ZhazkenZhiembayevKazakh Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Umiraliyeva Zh.Z. , Tursunova A.K. ,   ZhazkenZhiembayevKazakh Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Turbekova Sh.M. ,   ZhazkenZhiembayevKazakh Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abylaeva U.A. ,   ZhazkenZhiembayevKazakh Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Dzhaymurzina A.A. ,   ZhazkenZhiembayevKazakh Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2023

One of the most dangerous and quarantine diseases of fruit crops of the Rosaceae family is fire blight which affected on plants. Its causative agent Erwinia amylovora causes necrosis of all organs of host plants. In the territory of Republic of Kazakhstan, the disease belongs to a limited number of quarantine species. A special place is given to laboratory diagnostics of E.amylovora, which is necessary for reliable detection of the pathogen. Bacteriological analyses of diseased samples of fruit crops were carried out under laboratory conditions to isolate pathogens into pure cultures. Isolating of the quarantine and causative agent of fire blight into a pure culture was carried out on King B nutrient media, Levan and Miller Schroth selective media. They were tested for pathogenicity on indicator plants of indoor geranium by hypersensitivity reaction by the infectious-infiltration method of Clement. The pathogenicity of isolated bacteria was also tested by testing on unripe pear fruits, on which the damaging bacteria caused the release of milky-white exudate. After the selected isolates of the fire blight pathogen were identified by two pairs of specific primers PEANT F/PEANT2 R and FER F/rgER2-R approved by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. For molecular differentiation, the nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA genes were compared
THE MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES OF ONIONS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES AGAINST THEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Kazakh National Research Agrarian University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Ukibaev R.Zh. , Slyamova N.D. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production  Almaty region,Republic of Kazakhstan, Zhakataeva A.N. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production  Almaty region,Republic of Kazakhstan, Kolusenko M.G. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production  Almaty region,Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2023

Статья посвящена изучению основных вредителей и болезней репчатого лука в условиях юго-востока Казахстана. В ходе проведенного исследования рассмотрены грибковые, вирусные и бактериальные болезни, а также изучены основные вредители репчатого лука. Определены признаки поражения репчатого лука вредоносными организмами. Анализ показал, что существует широкий спектр заболеваний репчатого лука, которые могут быть вызваны различными возбудителями. Появление конкретной болезни у лука будет зависеть от климатических особенностей территории, на которой выращивается данная овощная культура.В результате проведенного исследования были изучены климатические особенности юго-востока Казахстана, и выявлены основные болезни и вредители репчатого лука, выращиваемые на данной территории. Мониторинг вредителей и болезней репчатого лука в условиях юго-востока Казахстана показал, что к основным болезням лука относятся фузариозная гниль, пероноспороз и шейковая гниль. Среди вредителей особую опасность представляют луковая муха, журчалка и скрытнохоботник. Проведенные исследования позволили получить новые материалы по различным грибковым, бактериальным и вирусным болезням, а также вредителям (луковой мухи, луковой журчалки, лукового скрытнохоботника), которые представляют особую опасность для репчатого лука на разных этапах его развития в условиях юго-востока Казахстана.
HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF IRRIGATED LANDS OF TURKESTAN REGION
Authors:   M.Auezov South Kazakhstan University", Murzabaev B.A . ,   , Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Raisov B.O. ,   "Kazakh National Agrarian Research University" Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Yessengeldiyeva L.K. ,   M.Auezov South Kazakhstan University", Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2023

Продовольственная независимость страны направляет работников АПК на достижение резкого повышения эффективностисельскохозяйственного производства и кардинального улучшения продовольственного обеспечения населения. Кроме того, важную роль играет восстановление засоленных земель. Разработка и реализация мер по ускорению перехода на водосберегающую технологию орошения, экономному использованию земельных и водных ресурсов, реконструкции и повышению технического уровня гидромелиоративных систем. При этом, важное значение призвана сыграть мелиорация земель. В числе сложных сельско-хозяйственных задач, стоящих перед ирригационной наукой - разработка, и осуществление мер по ускорению перехода на водосберегающую технологию возделывания сельскохозяйственных культур на орошении, бережливое использование земельных и водных ресурсов, реконструкция и повышение технического состояния водохозяйственных систем. В результате выполненного комплекса полевых исследований и камеральных работ установлено, что общая площадь орошаемых земель по области составила 573,94 тыс.га. В настоящее время под посевами сельскохозяйственных культур использовано 509,13тыс.га и не использовано 64,81 тыс. (по сравнению с прошлым годом уменьшилось на 9,41 тыс. га), в том числе по причинам, тыс. га: а)засоления – 10,45; б)высокого положения УГВ(уровень грунтовых вод) – 4,93; в)низкой водообеспеченности – 15,69; г)прочие причины – 31,07. После уборки сельскохозяйственных культур площадь орошаемых земель с недопустимой глубиной залегания грунтовых вод (ГВ) составила 64,6 тыс.га или 11,0 % от общей площади поливной пашни. Площадь орошаемых земель с повышенной минерализацией ГВ составила 80,91 тыс.га. По химическому составу ГВ представлены от гидрокарбонатно-сульфатных до хлоридно-сульфатных.Площадь орошаемых земель с различной степенью засоления составляет 105,97 тыс.га или 18,6% от общей площади поливной пашни.Лимит выделенной воды на орошение на истекший год составил 4947,99 млн.м3. При этом за вегетационный период из источников орошения забрано 3345,25 млн.м3 воды, а на поля фермерам подано 2359,43 млн.м3 воды. Подача воды водопользователям, по области в среднем составила 4634 м3 на гектар
INVESTIGATION OF THE IRRIGATION REGIME OF VEGETABLE CROPS WITH DIFFERENT IRRIGATION METHODS
Authors:   Taraz regional university M.Kh.Dulaty, Taraz city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Zhatkanbayeva A.O. , Tulepova R.Z. ,   Taraz regional university M.Kh.Dulaty, Taraz city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Nuraly Zh.U. ,   Taraz regional university M.Kh.Dulaty, Taraz city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Shokimova Zh.K. ,   Taraz regional university M.Kh.Dulaty, Taraz city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2023

Ғылыми мақалада Жамбыл облысы Жамбыл ауданының суғармалы сұр топырақтарында көкөніс дақылдарын әртүрлі суғару тәсілдерімен суғарудың тәртібін зерттеу жұмысының нәтижелері келтірілген. Қәзіргі уақытта суғармалы судың жетіспеушілігі мен тапшылығы өзекті мәселеге айналып келеді. Осы орайда ауылшаруашылық дақылдарының суғару тәртібін зерттеу маңызды болып табылады. Ғылыми-зерттеу жұмысына көкөніс дақылдары қолданылды және олар төменқысымды тамшылатып суғару жүйесімен суғарылды. Көкөніс дақылдарының биологиялық және морфологиялық белгілері ескеріле отырып топырақтың есепті қабатын ылғалдандырудың тереңдігі 30см етіп қабылданды. Көшеттер ашық танапқа отырғызар алдында топырақтың құрамындағы ылғал қоры анықталды және ол 670м3/га болды. Жүйектеп суғару тәсілінде көкөніс дақылдарының суғару мөлшері маусым және шілде айларында 280-630м3/га арасында болды. Көкөніс дақылдарын тамшылатып суғару кезінде есепті топырақ қабатын ылғалдандырудың ұзақтығы анықталды. Ғылыми-зерттеу жұмысының нәтижесінде көкөніс дақылдарының суғармалау мөлшері жүйектеп суғару нұсқасында 3500м3/га болса, тамшылатып суғару нұсқасында 1674м3/га болғандығы анықталды. Вегетация кезінде көкөніс дақылдары тамшылатып суғару нұсқасында біршама көп суғарылды. Тамшылатып суғару нұсқасында көкөніс дақылдарының суғару мөлшері 147-256м3/га-ға төмен көрсеткіш көрсетті. Тамшылатып суғару нұсқасында суғармалы судың үнемділігі -1826м3/га (52%).
ASSESSMENT AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COMPOSITION OF WASTEWATER IN KYZYLORDA FOR CULTIVATION OF TREE PLANTATIONS
Authors:   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Otarbayev B.S. , Shomantaev A.A. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Shegenbayev A. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2023

Вoзрaстание aнтропoгенныхнагрузок на экологию города Кызылордавыд-вигaются на первое место вопросы ее oхрaны. Бoльшой объем прирoдныхресурсoввовлеченныхв хoзяйственный обoрот вызываeт нeобходимость их рациoнальногo испoльзования. Прогрессирующее развитиe как жилищнo-коммунального хозяйства так иагрoпромыш-лeнности, рoст иблагоустройства гoродовпривелo к накоплeниюогрoмногоколичествa объема стoчных вод,тем самым создавая большую угрозу загрязнения окружающей среды. Крайне cложнoе пoлoжениеслoжилось в бассейне реки Сырдарьи. Обострение вoдoхозяйственной обстaновки в Казахстанской части Приаралья, в последние годы еще более обострили проблему обеспечения жителей чистой и качественной водой.Нaкоплeниегородских стoчныхвод на полях фильтрации и орошения расположенных вблизи населенных пунктов, с частичным сбрoсом их вoткрытые водоемы не решает проблему его утилизации. C экологической и сельскoхозяйственнoй тoчки зрения наибольший интерес представляют городские стoчные воды, так как их объем рaстет непрерывно. В городе Кызылорда складывается cложное пoложение в размещении сточных вод. Население города Кызылорды на первое января 2018 года составило – 236100 человек, нaрасчeтный срок к 2025 году рост нaселения ожидаeтся до 310000 человек. Зaсчeт инвесторов в городе активно развиваются отрасли обрабатывающей промышленности – производство пищевой промышленности, строительных материалов, химической и легкой промышленности.
ANALYSIS OF THE EPIZOOTIC SITUATION FOR SOME INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF ANIMALS IN THE PAVLODAR REGION
Authors:   «Toraighyrov University», Pavlodar city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Ussenova L.M. , Akilzhanov R. ,   «Toraighyrov University», Pavlodar city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Koigeldinova A.S. ,   «Shakarim Semey University», Semey city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2023

Мақалада 2017–2021 жылдар кезеңінде Павлодар облысындағы жануарлардың жұқпалы аурулары бойынша эпизоотиялық жағдайға талдау жүргізу нәтижелері және облыс бойынша жұқпалы ауруларға қарсы ветеринариялық-профилактикалық іс-шараларының жүргізілуінің талдауы бойынша деректер келтірілген. Жүргізілген мониторингтік-талдамалық жұмыстың негізінде инфекциялық аурулар бойынша 2017 жылдан 2019 жылға дейін спорадиялық жағдайлар тіркеліп, ал 2020 жылы жануарлардың жұқпалы аурулары санының өсуі байқалғандығы анықталды. Облыс кескінінде қолайсыз пункттер саны 2020 жылы 26 құраған, бұл соңғы жылдардағы эпизоотиялық ошақтар тіркелуінің рекордтық көрсеткіші болып табылып, оның ішінде: құтыру бойынша – 14, эмфизематозды карбункул бойынша – 5, құстардың жоғары патогенді тұмауы бойынша – 7 ошақ, яғни табиғи-ошақты құтыру ауруы аймақта басым болғандығы анықталды – 53,8%, эмфизематозды карбункулы – 19,2%, ал құстардың жоғары патогенді тұмауы – 26,9% құрайды. Зерттеу нәтижелері жұқпалы ауруларға қарсы профилактикалық іс-шараларды сауатты ұйымдастыруға, сондай-ақ өңірдің эпизоотиялық жағдайын жақсарту бойынша ұсынымдар жиынтығын әзірлеуге мүмкіндік береді.
Assessing Women's Rights in Pakistan: An Analysis of Legal & Social Challenges with Potential Solutions
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Fakhir Aftab , Bhatti Shaukat Hussain
Published: May 2023

This article aims to conduct an implicative analysis of women's rights from a legal perspective in Pakistan, viewed from an international perspective. The study analyzes the laws and regulations in place in Pakistan related to women's rights and evaluates their effectiveness in upholding these rights. The study also compares Pakistan's laws on women's rights with international human rights standards and conventions. Additionally, the current state of women's rights in Pakistan is analyzed, including the challenges and barriers women face and the efforts to address these issues. Despite several domestic and international laws, flaws that endanger women continue to exist in this modern era. When the Pakistani community is considered, the situations are worse, especially in tribal and agency areas, Baluchistan, and southern Punjab. Although Pakistan has ratified all the international conventions and treaties, besides the implications of the teachings and preaching of Islam, the situation still needs improvement. This review article will look at women's rights in Pakistan from an international perspective by comparing Islamic and western ideas using a descriptive approach. The paper concludes that an implicative analysis of women's rights from a legal perspective is crucial for understanding and improving women's rights in a given country.
MANUTENÇÃO PREDITIVA EM COLHEDORAS DE CANA: extensão do período de troca de óleo com base em análise laboratorial
Authors: SANTOS Paulo Henrique Brandão dos , FERNANDES Luis Henrique dos Santos , SACHETTO João Paulo
Published: May 2023

A mecanização da colheita de cana-de-açúcar é um processo que vem sendo adotado em grande escala na indústria sucroalcooleira, visando aumentar a eficiência da produção. Para garantir a eficiência e durabilidade dos equipamentos envolvidos é fundamental que a manutenção seja realizada de forma estratégica. Esse artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo de caso sobre a proposta de aumentar o tempo de trocas de óleo de motor de colhedoras de cana em uma usina do setor sucroenergética localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo, que tem como objetivo a redução do custo de manutenção e falhas, mantendo a disponibilidade e confiabilidade dos equipamentos. A principal estratégia de manutenção adotada para o projeto consiste em observar as condições do lubrificante do equipamento. Através dos dados obtidos mediante análises laboratoriais de amostras do lubrificante foi possível tomar a decisão de estender o período de uso do material, de forma que essa decisão não prejudique o uso do equipamento. Sendo assim, os benefícios com a adoção desse método trouxeram uma economia de mais de 20 % em relação a metodologia anterior.
Abejas nativas mexicanas como potenciales polinizadores manejados
Authors: Vergara Briceño Carlos Hernán
Published: May 2023

Las abejas son el grupo más abundante y diverso de polinizadores en el planeta, de las que existen más de 20 000 especies. Sin embargo, sólo 19 de ellas se utilizan a escala comercial para la polinización de cultivos y otras 40 se han usado, abandonado o se han usado a nivel de experimentación. En este libro intentamos una primera aproximación a la diversidad y posible uso de especies de abejas nativas mexicanas que tienen potencial como polinizadores de cultivos como la calabaza, los chiles, el chayote y otros. Aunque no tratamos grupos de gran importancia como los abejorros sociales del género Bombus ni los abejorros carpinteros del género Xylocopa, intentamos cubrir una buena parte de la gama de abejas que son polinizadores naturales de muchas plantas. Esta obra fue elaborada por tres profesionales mexicanos, interesados en las abejas y presenta por primera vez información sobre varias especies de abejas nativas mexicanas, su biología y su importancia como polinizadores. Todo esto escrito de la forma más amena posible, con la intención de llegar a la mayor cantidad de lectores interesados en el tema.
Hemtjänstchefer om personalens språk och barriärer i skriven och talad svenska
Authors: Storm Palle , Stranz Anneli
Published: May 2023

Personalbrist har lett till att utrikesfödda kvinnor och män framhålls som en viktig rekryteringsbas inom äldreomsorgen. Därmed har frågor om språkkunskaper blivit alltmer uppmärksammade.
Syftet med denna studie var att fokusera på hur hemtjänstchefer resonerar kring utmaningar när personal som redan arbetar i hemtjänsten, eller vid rekrytering, har brister i det svenska språket. Studien är baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer med 15 hemtjänstchefer verksamma i både offentliga och privata verksamheter i Stockholmsområdet.
Resultaten visar att cheferna hade ansvar att själva ­hantera ett spektrum av dilemman rörande språkbrister. De utvecklade strategier för att säkra kvaliteten på omsorgen. Det var vanligt att ge en person i uppdrag att kon­trollera och justera dokumentation. Cheferna konstruerade även språktester och fokuserade på informella ­värden, och därmed mindre på formella språkkunskaper. Genom handlingsutrymmet har cheferna förhandlat fram minimi­krav för språkkunskaper, för att kunna anställa och behålla personal, samtidigt som de riskerar en försämrad verksamhet.
 
Homecare managers on care workers’ language ­abilities and barriers in written and spoken Swedish
In response to the lack of staff in social care for older people, foreign-born women and men are proffered as an important recruitment base for the sector. Consequently, issues around language skills have gained increasing attention.
The aim of this study was to focus on how homecare managers reason around the challenges presented when migrant care workers lack Swedish language skills, whether already working in homecare, or at the point of recruitment. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with 15 homecare managers in both public and private sector services in greater Stockholm.
The findings show that the responsibility fell to managers alone to handle a wide spectrum of dilemmas concerning language deficits. Managers developed strategies to ensure care quality, including devising language tests, focusing on caring attributes rather than formal language skills, or allocating a specific person the task of checking and correcting documentation. Via their actions, the managers have negotiated a minimum standard of language attainment in the employment and retention of care workers, which simultaneously poses a risk to service delivery.
Mammary tubular carcinoma in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus): case report
Authors: Oliveira Radan Elvis Matias de , Oliveira Rita de Kássia Matias de , Dalmagro Mirian Juliana , Silva Danby do Nascimento , Gurgel João Vitor de Oliveira , Sousa Ana Carolina Freitas Caetano de , Attademo Fernanda Loffler Niemeyer , Soares Maurílio Kennedy Feitosa , Arcoverde Kathryn Nóbrega , Olinda Robério Gomes , Santos Paulo Ramos da Silva , Torres Daniel César Barros , Rego Renato Otaviano do , Diniz João Augusto Rodrigues Alves , Moura Carlos Eduardo Bezerra de , Batista Jael Soares , Oliveira Moacir Franco de
Published: May 2023

Mammary carcinomas are common malignant tumors encompassing the main diagnostic mammary gland tumor cause in female dogs and cats. Few reports in wild animals are, however, available. In this context, this study aimed to characterize the clinical and histological aspects of a mammary tubular carcinoma case in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). A four-year-old non-spayed female guinea pig was seen at a veterinary clinic in the municipality of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Upon clinical examination, the animal was active, with a normal body condition, weighing 660 grams, hydrated, and presenting normal-colored mucous membranes. Increased left breast volume was observed, about 3.5 cm in diameter, non-adherent and with an ulcerated surface located medially to the mammary papilla, about 1.8 cm in diameter. The observed clinical findings indicated a presumptive neoplastic lesion diagnosis. A unilateral mastectomy was performed (left breast) and breast tissue fragments were histologically evaluated, confirming the tubular mammary carcinoma diagnosis. The surgical procedure and post-surgical treatment recommended in this report were proven efficient. Knowledge of diseases that affect non-conventional pets, such as the tubular mammary carcinoma reported herein, is paramount in improving the quality of life of these animals.
Giant Bladder Calcium Lithiasis: A Rare Clinical Presentation
Authors:   Hopital General Idrissa Pouye, Dakar, Senegal., Jalloh Mohamed
Published: May 2023

The incidence of uro lithiasis is increasing with higher proportion of calcium lithiasis. While the large majority of lithiasis are formed in the kidney before migrating in the urinary tract, certain lithiasis are formed in the bladder owing to local factors. We report 2 cases of giant bladder lithiasis in patients presenting lower urinary track obstruction. A review of the literature was performed to discuss these clinical presentations.
Brain Metastasis in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors:   National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania, Ostapenko Valerijus
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women in developed countries. Approximately 15 to 20% of patients with BC have tumors with elevated levels of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), which are associated with an aggressive clinical phenotype and poor prognosis. Brain metastases (BM) appears in more than 15% in the HER2-positive breast cancer population, which cause serious decrease in survival.
Abdominal Trauma in Children in the Pediatric Surgery Department of the Hospital in Mali
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Hospital of Mali, Mali, Sidibe Souleymane
Published: May 2023

Abdominal trauma is a shock of any type exerted on the stomach. Traumatic lesions of the abdomen are very frequent and very varied. It can be closed or open. According to the world report on the prevention of injuries in children established in 2004, the sex ratio is between 3/1 and 5/1 in favor of boys. The objective was to write the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of abdominal trauma in children under 0 to 15 years old.
Mixed Reality in Surgery
Authors:   Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal., Veloso Rita
Published: May 2023

Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) all have useful applications in the field of medicine. When it comes to using these spatial computing technologies intraoperatively, mixed reality has the greatest potential because it allows for interaction with both real and digital objects.
Exploring the potential of dynamic quality of service cloud-based network slicing in 5G and next generation virtualized networks: A simulation-based study
Authors: Govender Poovendren , Ogudo Kingsley A. , Chabalala Chabalala
Published: May 2023

With global mobile traffic doubling every 18 months along with the massive increase in unique data users across digital platforms during the Covid-19 pandemic, the world's demand for high-speed connectivity continues to increase every second. The Covid-19 pandemic has transformed the global workforce with remote working arrangements, embracing new platforms, subsequently increasing the requirement for reliable, quality, ubiquitous high speed data connectedness everywhere. 5th Generation (5G) mobile communication technology provides an effective solution, modernizing network infrastructure, efficiently providing reliable high bandwidth capacity for massive data growth and ultra-low latency, making delays virtually impossible to perceive. This means elevating reality even further with fiber-like speeds for everyone, everywhere. 5G network slicing makes it possible for services to own dedicated portions of the 5G network with guaranteed performance for their particular need. These virtual networks allow for a service like IoT, at industrial scale, making society more sustainable and increasing resource efficiency. Our paper proposes a model for 5G network slice creation that meets industry verticals service QoS requirements which are critical to service adoption. A software emulation is utilized to guide the design and evaluation of our proposed model. Simulated results show QoS guarantees are met for the reviewed service requirements in varying network conditions.
Improving the Outcomes in Oncological Colorectal Surgery
Authors: . Iqra , . Sheeren , Tarique Zareen , , Nazir Musarat
Published: May 2023

Aim: To evaluate the improvement in the outcomes in oncological colorectal surgery. Study Design: Prospective study, Place & duration of study: Department of General Surgery, LUMHS Jamshoro from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2022. Methodology: One hundred and fifty cases of colorectal cancer undergoing surgery were enrolled. They were multidisciplinary requiring compliance of surgeons at the operating room with their surgical teams. These interventions were based on sequential implementation of the evidence-based surgical site infection bundle (SSIB) and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for all the patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Primary outcomes evaluated were duration of hospital stay as well as rate of complication in accordance with wound healing. Inverse proportional-weighting method was used for controlling possible variance within groups. The secondary outcome measures post improvement strategies were mortality within day 30, readmission within same period (30 days) or unplanned return to the operating table as well as numerous related complications. Results: The mean age of the cases in group A (pre-ERAS or pre-SSIB) was 61.2±10.9 years while in group B (pre-ERAS or post-SSIB) was 61.8±9.9 years and the mean age of Group C (post-ERAS or post-SSIB) was 63.7±10.1 years. There were more females within three groups such as 60%, 56% and 54% respectively than males. Hospital stay was highest within group A. The 30 days outcomes showed that the outcomes in group A showed highest number of death, wound infection and blood transfusion however the difference was insignificant for all other variable except wound infection. Conclusion: The subsequent addition of quality improvement within groups added positive outcomes in patients of oncological colorectal surgery with reduction in mortality, hospital stay as well as wound infection. Key words: Outcome, Colorectal carcinoma, Mortality, Hospital stay, Wound infection