bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comportamiento agroindustrial de seis variedades de Caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) para Panela en Barbosa (Colombia)
Authors: Barona Rodríguez Ayda Fernanda , Antolinez Sandoval Eduar Yovany , López Lopera Juan Gonzalo , Viveros Valens Carlos Arturo , Jiménez Vargas Javier , Ángel Sánchez Juan Carlos , Ballesteros Araque Andrea Lizeth , Vargas Orozco Germán Andrés
Published: October 2021

En Colombia, la producción de caña de azúcar es el segundo renglón más importante en la producción agrícola después del café, 55 % del total del área cultivada se dedica a la producción de panela (Azúcar no centrifugado-NCS, por sus siglas en inglés) labor que se realiza en 29 de los 32 departamentos del país. Los bajos rendimientos y la pérdida de calidad genética de los materiales que actualmente se cultivan ha traído consigo la necesidad de evaluar nuevas variedades de caña de azúcar que se adapten a diversos ambientes y que cuenten con una alta producción de panela. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, entre noviembre de 2018 y mayo de 2020, por parte de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria – Agrosavia, bajo las condiciones agroecológicas de Barbosa (Santander, Colombia), se evaluó el comportamiento agroindustrial de seis variedades de caña de azúcar para producción de panela (CC 11-600, CC 10-450, CC 99-2461, CC 00-3257, CC 91-1606 y CC 00-3771) provenientes del centro de investigación de la caña de azúcar de Colombia – Cenicaña; se estableció un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones para el comportamiento agronómico y tres repeticiones para la evaluación industrial. En lo agronómico, los materiales genéticos presentaron promedios de 2,81 m para altura de tallo a punto de quiebre, 2,8 cm de diámetro de tallo, porcentaje de intensidad de infestación de Diatraea del 10,66% y 118,92 toneladas de caña por hectárea; para las variables industriales, sen encontraron valores promedio de 21,06 °Brix en jugo y 12,78 toneladas de panela por hectárea, las variables evaluadas referentes a calidad de panela se ajustaron a las requeridas en las NTC 1311:2009 y Resolución 000779 de 2006 del Ministerio de Protección Social. Las variedades CC 11-600 y CC 00-3267 presentaron el mejor comportamiento agroindustrial en el primer ciclo productivo.
On some issues of legislation harmonization on legal proceedings and representation: comparative legal characteristics
Authors: Bolshakova Valentina M.
Published: October 2021

The subject of research is the issues of improving the legislation on the judicial system, legal proceedings types, further unification of duties of general jurisdiction courts and analysis of requirements for a procedural representative. The modern legal doctrine contains legislative regulations governing various spheres of social activity. One of these areas is the regula-tion of the structure and regulatory legal framework of the activities of judi-ciary, administering justice and implementing in practice the basic principles of the legal state. Method, research methodology: we illustrate the need to improve the legislation on the judicial system and legal proceedings based on the application of comparative legal and systemic research methods. The novelty of research, main conclusions: we consider social trends leading to judicial changes, we present the corresponding opinions of scientists on this issue. As a result of the conducted scientific research, we establish that some normative legal acts regulating the types of legal proceedings, the duties of general jurisdiction courts, as well as the institution of procedural representation, need to be amended in order to bring them into line with constitutional provisions and establish precise legal and technical formulations. We especially note that this study makes it possible to assess how optimal the judicial and procedural legislation is at present and how effectively it allows for judicial protection of violated or disputed rights and simplifies citizens' access to justice.
Criteria for distinguishing vandalism from a minor act
Authors: Nalimov Yuri D.
Published: October 2021

When qualifying vandalism, law enforcement officers often experience difficulties in distinguishing a criminal act from a minor one, which formally contains signs of a crime, but does not pose a public danger. Due to the evaluation of the signs of both vandalism and the insignificance of the act, there is a high probability of qualification errors in which insignificant acts are recognized as criminal, or on the contrary, the actions of persons who committed vandalism are recognized as unapproachable. To date, there is no single doctrinal opinion defining the criteria of insignificance, a similar situation is observed in judicial and investigative practice. For these reasons, the topic is relevant and requires a comprehensive analysis. The purpose of the study is to consider the points of view of researchers of interest to the science of criminal law and law enforcement officers. The tasks are to establish rules for the qualification of criminal and insignificant vandalism, which contribute to the adoption of the right decision by law enforcement subjects, to make scientifically based proposals for the application of Article 14, Part 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in relation to acts that formally fall under the signs of a crime under Article 214 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. During the research, the following methods are used: dialectical, analysis, synthesis and sociological. As a result of the analysis, the most common mistakes made by the law enforcement officer are identified, the points of view of scientists on the qualification of vandalism are considered. Signs of insignificance were also investigated, taking into account practical and doctrinal positions. As conclusions, the signs of insignificance are proposed, which are subject to establishment by law enforcement agencies, in order to correctly qualify vandal actions.
Portrait of Tourism Based on River Tourism in Banjarmasin
Authors: Abbas Ersis Warmansyah , Jumriani Jumriani , Syaharuddin Syaharuddin , Subiyakto Bambang , Rusmaniah Rusmaniah
Published: October 2021

Pariwisata berbasis river tourism di bantaran sungai Kota Banjarmasin terus ditumbuhkembangkan. Wisata tersebut didesain sedemikian rupa sehingga menjadi satu rangkaian perjalanan wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potret pariwisata berbasis river tourism di bantaran sungai kota Banjarmasin. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian dan dan penarikan kesimpulan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan melakukan triangulasi teknik, sumber dan waktu. Hasil penelitian dideskripsikan bahwa pariwisata berbasis river tourism di bantaran sungai kota Banjarmasin dikemas dalam bentuk susur sungai dengan titik focus perjalanan wisata dimulai di siring tendean. Terdapat 24 obyek wisata yang dapat dikunjungi oleh wisatawan dan terbagi menjadi beberapa aspek yakni religi, sejarah, budaya dan kuliner. Berbagai obyek wisata tersebut merupakan gambaran berkembanganya pariwisata di Kota Banjarmasin dengan berbasis river tourism.
Digital Marketing a Marketing Strategy for UMKM Products in The Digital Era
Authors: Hasanah Mahmudah , Jumriani Jumriani , Juliana Nurlita , Kirani Karenina Panca
Published: October 2021

Perkembangan teknologi terus berkembang seiring perkembangan zaman. Akses internet merupakan bagain dari perkembangan tersebut yang telah mempengaruhi kehidupan manusia. Begitupula pada aktivitas ekonomi, akses internet memiliki kontribusi bagi perkembangan suatu UMKM. Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) memanfaatkan teknologi informasi untuk menjalankan usahanya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan digital marketing sebagai strategi pemasaran pada produk UMKM di Era digital. Artikel ini disusun dari hasil pengadian kepada masyarakat yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 28 dan 29 Agustus 2021. Pada bagian analisis hasil, penulis menggunakan studi literatur dari berbagai sumber dan jurnal ilmiah. Pengabdian dilakukan dengan dua kegiatan. Pertama, diskusi mengenai jenis strategi marketing berbasis digital perajin tanggui. Kedua, pelatihan pemanfaatan akses digital dalam marketing produk tanggui sehingga dapat meningkatkan minat pelanggan. Dari kedua kegiatan tersebut diidentifikasi bahwa minat dan keinginan yang sangat besar bagi peserta untuk mermasarkan hasil produksinya mellaui digital marketing sehingga dapat mengembangkan serta mengelola usaha dengan baik. Digital marketing dapat memudahkan pelaku UMKM untuk memberikan informasi dan berinteraksi secara langsung dengan konsumen dan memperluas akses pemasaran.
Numerical modeling of crack initiation and propagation processes in various specimen’s types using the GTN material damage model
Authors: Kravchuk Andrew , Kondriakov Eugene , Kharchenko Valery
Published: October 2021

Problematic. A combination of experimental and computational methods for studying the processes of crack initiation and propagation in various specimen’s types is used to determine the mechanical properties of materials, as well as to improve the accuracy of assessing the strength and durability of structural elements.
Research objective. Determination of the parameters of the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) material damage model based on the numerical modeling results of various specimen’s types under various types of loading for steel 22K using the finite element method.
Realization technique. Using the finite element method, numerical modeling of the processes of cracks nucleation and propagation in cylindrical specimens under uniaxial tension, in Charpy specimens under dynamic loading, and also in CT specimens under quasi-static loading was carried out for steel 22K using the GTN material damage model.
The results of research. By comparing the experimental and numerical results, the full set of GTN material model parameters for steel 22K was determined. The stress state in the crack tip area and the kinetics of its propagation in the material of various specimen’s types under static and dynamic loading were estimated.
Conclusions. The GTN material damage model with the parameter values determined from experiments, can be used for numerical simulation of the processes of crack initiation and propagation both in specimens of various types under various loading types, and in structural elements.
Распределенные резонаторы из соразмерных отрезков линий передачи
Authors: Захаров Александр Витальевич , Литвинцев Сергей Николаевич , Розенко Сергей Александрович
Published: October 2021

В статье рассмотрены методы параметрического и структурно-параметрического синтеза резонаторов, которые содержат множество отрезков линий передачи одинаковой длины. Эти методы позволяют оптимизировать резонаторы различной конфигурации и с различными характеристическими сопротивлениями составных отрезков линии Z0i. Под оптимальными понимаются такие резонаторы, которые при заданном соотношении между критическими частотами (полюса и нули входного сопротивления) имеют минимальное отношение m = Z0max/Z0min. Параметрический синтез относится к ступенчато-импедансным резонаторам SIR (stepped impedance resonator), составные отрезки которых ориентированы вдоль одной прямой. Структурно-параметрический синтез относится к резонаторам более общего вида, которые содержат разомкнутые и короткозамкнутые шлейфы. Параметрический синтез позволил оптимизировать набор SIR, обладающих полезным для практики соотношением между некоторыми критическими частотами. С помощью структурно-параметрического синтеза синтезированы резонаторы более сложной конфигурации, которые значительно превосходят SIR. Это обусловлено тем, что при структурно-параметрическом синтезе возможности выбора наилучшего решения значительно обширнее. Авторами предложен микрополосковый полосно-пропускающий фильтр с синтезированными резонаторами, которые при m = 2,2 обеспечили отношение первых двух резонансных частот 6,84 и широкую полосу заграждения.
Аналитико-численный метод конструктивного синтеза оптимальных поляризаторов на основе трех диафрагм в квадратном волноводе
Authors: Дубровка Федор Федорович , Булашенко Андрей Васильевич , Куприй Александр Михайлович , Пильтяй Степан Иванович
Published: October 2021

В статье предложен приближенный аналитико-численный метод конструктивного синтеза оптимальных волноводных поляризаторов на основе трех диафрагм в квадратном волноводе. Математическая модель поляризатора разработана на основе волноводных матриц передачи и рассеяния. Найденные аналитические выражения для элементов матрицы рассеяния использованы для определения электрических характеристик поляризатора. Условия синтеза сформулированы в виде системы уравнений, решение которой должно обеспечивать в заданной полосе частот минимальное отклонение дифференциального фазового сдвига от 90°, максимально плоскую фазочастотную характеристику, и наилучшее согласование. Метод апробирован на конструктивном синтезе поляризаторов для трех рабочих диапазонов частот: 7,25–8,6, 7,75–8,5, 8,0–8,5 ГГц. Достоверность результатов конструктивного синтеза подтверждена данными расчетов характеристик синтезированных поляризаторов методом конечных элементов в частотной области с применением программы CST Microwave Studio. Получено удовлетворительное согласование электрических характеристик, рассчитанных обоими методами. Для рабочей полосы частот до 10% предложенный метод конструктивного синтеза обеспечивает достаточную для практики точность определения размеров поляризатора и соответствующие им электрические характеристики. Метод также может быть рекомендован для быстрого определения начальных значений размеров поляризатора, гарантирующих работу в области глобального оптимума, и тем самым радикально ускорить проектирование оптимальных поляризаторов на электродинамическом уровне. Кроме того, метод может быть обобщен на конструктивный синтез волноводных поляризаторов с большим количеством диафрагм.
Optimization Model of Emission Reduction Benefits Based on Integrated Development of Electric Vehicle and Power Grid
Authors: Jia Zhao , Haifeng Fang , Yueyan Zhu , Yueke Li , Yisong Chen , Shu Wang
Published: October 2021

Under the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the carbon emission reduction of the automobile industry has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Electric vehicle has the dual attributes of power load and energy storage unit. With the increase of the number of electric vehicles, reducing carbon emissions through the collaborative interaction between electric vehicle and power network will become an important way to control carbon emissions in the automotive field. In this study, an optimization model of emission reduction benefits based on integrated development of electric vehicle and power grid is proposed, which explores the best technical way of synergy between power grid and electric vehicle, achieves the best carbon reduction effect and provides a model basis for large-scale demonstration application. Numerical simulations based on the real case in Beijing are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Developmental Acquisition of p53 Functions
Authors: Jaiswal Sushil K. , Raj Sonam , DePamphilis Melvin L.
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Remarkably, the p53 transcription factor, referred to as “the guardian of the genome”, is not essential for mammalian development. Moreover, efforts to identify p53‑dependent developmental events have produced contradictory conclusions. Given the importance of pluripotent stem cells as models of mammalian development, and their applications in regenerative medicine and disease, resolving these conflicts is essential. Here we attempt to reconcile disparate data into justifiable conclusions predicated on reports that p53‑dependent transcription is first detected in late mouse blastocysts, that p53 activity first becomes potentially lethal during gastrulation, and that apoptosis does not depend on p53. Furthermore, p53 does not regulate expression of genes required for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs); it contributes to ESC genomic stability and differentiation. Depending on conditions, p53 accelerates initiation of apoptosis in ESCs in response to DNA damage, but cell cycle arrest as well as the rate and extent of apoptosis in ESCs are p53-independent. In embryonic fibroblasts, p53 induces cell cycle arrest to allow repair of DNA damage, and cell senescence to prevent proliferation of cells with extensive damage.
The Effect of Grammar Translation Method in Description Text on Writing Ability of Class XI Vocational High School Students
Authors: Ayu Dinda , Santoso Dian Rahma
Published: October 2021

The topic of this research is The Effect of Grammar Translation Method in Descriptive Text for Students’ Writing Skill. The objective of this research were to find how the Grammar Translation Method can improve students’ writing skill through descriptive text for eleventh grade students at SMK Yapalis Krian in the academic year of 2019/2020 and whether the grammar translation method can be used as a method in improving the students’ achievement of writing skill. The researchers was applied pre-experimental research in this study. The steps of pre-experimental research were given test and treatment. In gathering the data, the researcher used a test in the form of writing content about descriptive text. The result of this research showed that using grammar translation method was good. It was proven by the improvement mean difference of pre-test and post-test after treatment. The means of the pre-test was 60.85, and the post-test was 74.63. Therefore, it can be suggessted that grammar translation method can be used as the alternative method in teaching which especially to improve writing skill.
PQRST (Preview, Question, Read, State and Test) Strategy in Analyzing Students’ Reading Comprehension of Narrative Text Strategi
Authors: Idolani Gladysia , Novita Dian
Published: October 2021

The application of strategy in the learning process can be crucial to support the students’ competence. This study is descriptive - survey research data was obtained from the questionnaire. This study aims to determine the use of the PQRST strategy to improve the reading ability of class XI BHS students at SMAN 1 Porong. The participants in this study were 31 students. In this questionnaire, the researcher gave 10 questions related to learning English, especially in reading and learning after being given the strategy. Based on the questionnaire, it was found that student's like to be taught using the PQRST strategy. It can be seen from the questionnaire question, more student's choose Yes than No and only some students choose sometimes. This is reinforced from the results of the questionnaire that the application of the PQRST strategy is able to help students improve their reading skills and students understand the content of the text from reading.
Analysis of Beginning Reading Ability in Elementary School
Authors: Sari Heffy Setya Eka , Liansari Vevy
Published: October 2021

This research was motivated by the fact that in the first grade of SDN Keret Krembung there were students who experienced the ability to read early. Therefore, the researcher wants to analyze the abilities experienced by students in beginning reading. The purpose of this research is to find out what is being faced by class I students so that they experience early reading skills. This study uses a qualitative research approach, this research has a special approach in the field, this study uses 2 student subjects. Data was collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. Test the validity of the data is done by triangulation techniques or methods. The results showed that the abilities experienced by first-class students in reading the beginning of SDN Keret Krembung were: (1) they could pronounce the letters of the alphabet, (2) they could identify letters, (3) they could recognize vowels, (4) they could distinguish between letters and letters. letter.
Caveats and Pitfalls of Production Forecast Uncertainty Analysis Using Design of Experiments
Authors: Li Boxiao , Phale Hemant , Zhang Yanfen , Tokar Timothy , Wen Xian-Huan
Published: October 2021

Design of Experiments (DoE) is one of the most commonly employed techniques in the petroleum industry for Assisted History Matching (AHM) and uncertainty analysis of reservoir production forecasts. Although conceptually straightforward, DoE is often misused by practitioners because many of its statistical and modeling principles are not carefully followed. Our earlier paper (Li et al. 2019) detailed the best practices in DoE-based AHM for brownfields. However, to our best knowledge, there is a lack of studies that summarize the common caveats and pitfalls in DoE-based production forecast uncertainty analysis for greenfields and history-matched brownfields. Our objective here is to summarize these caveats and pitfalls to help practitioners apply the correct principles for DoE-based production forecast uncertainty analysis.

Over 60 common pitfalls in all stages of a DoE workflow are summarized. Special attention is paid to the following critical project transitions: (1) the transition from static earth modeling to dynamic reservoir simulation; (2) from AHM to production forecast; and (3) from analyzing subsurface uncertainties to analyzing field-development alternatives. Most pitfalls can be avoided by consistently following the statistical and modeling principles. Some pitfalls, however, can trap experienced engineers. For example, mistakes made in handling the three abovementioned transitions can yield strongly unreliable proxy and sensitivity analysis. For the representative examples we study, they can lead to having a proxy R2 of less than 0.2 versus larger than 0.9 if done correctly. Two improved experimental designs are created to resolve this challenge.

Besides the technical pitfalls that are avoidable via robust statistical workflows, we also highlight the often more severe non-technical pitfalls that cannot be evaluated by measures like R2. Thoughts are shared on how they can be avoided, especially during project framing and the three critical transition scenarios.
Coupled Poroelastic Modeling to Characterize the 4.18-Magnitude Earthquake Due to Hydraulic Fracturing in the East Shale Basin of Western Canada
Authors: Hui Gang , Chen Shengnan , Gu Fei
Published: October 2021

Recently, the elevated levels of seismicity activities in Western Canada have been demonstrated to be linked to hydraulic fracturing operations that developed unconventional resources. The underlying triggering mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity are still uncertain. The interactions of well stimulation and geology-geomechanical-hydrological features need to be investigated comprehensively. The linear poroelasticity theory was utilized to guide coupled poroelastic modeling and to quantify the physical process during hydraulic fracturing. The integrated analysis is first conducted to characterize the mechanical features and fluid flow behavior. The finite-element simulation is then conducted by coupling Darcy's law and solid mechanics to quantify the perturbation of pore pressure and poroelastic stress in the seismogenic fault zone. Finally, the Mohr-coulomb failure criterion is utilized to determine the spatial-temporal faults activation and reveal the trigger mechanisms of induced earthquakes. The mitigation strategy was proposed accordingly to reduce the potential seismic hazards near this region. A case study of ML 4.18 earthquake in the East Shale Basin was utilized to demonstrate the applicability of the coupled modeling and numerical simulation. Results showed that one inferred fault cut through the Duvernay formation with the strike of NE20°. The fracture half-length of two wells owns an average value of 124 m. The brittleness index deriving from the velocity logging data was estimated to be a relatively higher value in the Duvernay formation, indicating a geomechanical bias of stimulated formation for the fault activation. The coupled poroelastic simulation was conducted, showing that the hydrologic connection between seismogenic faults and stimulated well was established by the end of the 38th stage completion for the east horizontal well. The simulated coulomb failure stress surrounding the fault reached a maximum of 4.15 MPa, exceeding the critical value to cause the fault slip. Hence the poroelastic effects on the inferred fault were responsible for the fault activation and triggered the subsequent ML 4.18 earthquake. It is essential to optimize the stimulation site selection near the existing faults to reduce risks of future seismic hazards near the East Shale Basin.
Theoretical Analysis and Semi-Analytical Formulation for Efficient Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Wang Shihao , Wu Yu-Shu , Wen Xian-Huan
Published: October 2021

The research of multiphysical thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) simulation has achieved significant progress in the past decade. Currently, two general approaches for poromechanical simulation co-exist in the reservoir simulation community, namely the stress approach with stress as the primary variable for the mechanical governing equations and the displacement approach with displacement as the primary variable. In this work, we aim to provide a theoretical foundation and a practical semi-analytical solution for the stress approach based on the Navier-Beltrami-Michell Equations. Moreover, we will clarify the relationship (and equivalence) between the two approaches.

We have firstly proven the existence and uniqueness of the stress solution of Navier-Beltrami-Michell equation with given pressure and temperature field. Moreover, we have demonstrated the equivalence of the stress formulation to the displacement formulation. Based on Fourier's expansion, we have developed a general semi-analytical solution for thermal-hydraulic-mechanical process. The semi-analytical solution takes the pressure solution from the hydraulic simulation module (or a commercial reservoir simulator) and directly predicts the stress tensor of the multiphysical system. As such, the solution can be programmed fully coupled with the hydraulic simulation module to predict the stress field with varying pressure and temperature of homogeneous poroelastic rocks under given stress boundary conditions.

From the work above, we have laid a theoretical foundation for the stress approach. The derived semi-analytical solution of the stress field shows excellent accuracy. The solution has been used to predict the transient stress field of a dual-porosity system during primary depletion.

This paper is arguably the first trial to clarify the relationship between the stress approach and the displacement approach. Moreover, the derived semi-analytical solution provides a convenient yet precise way to obtain the stress field without time-consuming numerical simulation.
History Matching Complex 3D Systems Using Deep-Learning-Based Surrogate Flow Modeling and CNN-PCA Geological Parameterization
Authors: Tang Meng , Liu Yimin , Durlofsky Louis J.
Published: October 2021

The use of deep-learning-based procedures for geological parameterization and fast surrogate flow modeling may enable the application of rigorous history matching algorithms that were previously considered impractical. In this study we incorporate such methods – specifically a geological parameterization that entails principal component analysis combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN-PCA) and a flow surrogate that uses a recurrent residual-U-Net procedure – into three different history matching procedures. The history matching algorithms considered are rejection sampling (RS), randomized maximum likelihood with mesh adaptive direct search optimization (MADS-RML), and ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA). RS is a rigorous sampler used here to provide reference results (though it can become intractable in cases with large amounts of observed data). History matching is performed for a channelized geomodel defined on a grid containing 128,000 cells. The CNN-PCA representation of geological realizations involves 400 parameters, and these are the variables determined through history matching. All flow evaluations (after training) are performed using the recurrent residual-U-Net surrogate model. Two cases, involving different amounts of historical data, are considered. We show that both MADS-RML and ES-MDA provide history matching results in general agreement with those from RS. MADS-RML is more accurate, however, and ES-MDA can display significant error in some quantities. ES-MDA requires many fewer function evaluations than MADS-RML, however, so there is a tradeoff between computational demand and accuracy. The framework developed here could be used to evaluate and tune a range of history matching procedures beyond those considered in this work.
Distributed GPU Based Matrix Power Kernel for Geoscience Applications
Authors: Anciaux Sedrakian Ani , Guignon Thomas
Published: October 2021

High-performance computing is at the heart of digital technology which allows to simulate complex physical phenomena. The current trend for hardware architectures is toward heterogeneous systems with multi-core CPUs accelerated by GPUs to get high computing power. The demand for fast solution of Geoscience simulations coupled with new computing architectures drives the need for challenging parallel algorithms. Such applications based on partial differential equations, requires to solve large and sparse linear system of equations. This work makes a step further in Matrix Powers Kernel (MPK) which is a crucial kernel in solving sparse linear systems using communication-avoiding methods. This class of methods deals with the degradation of performances observed beyond several nodes by decreasing the gap between the time necessary to perform the computations and the time needed to communicate the results. The proposed work consists of a new formulation for distributed MPK kernels for the cluster of GPUs where the pipeline communications could be overlapped by the computation. Also, appropriate data reorganization decreases the memory traffic between processors and accelerators and improves performance. The proposed structure is based on the separation of local and external components with different layers of interface nodes-due to the MPK algorithm-. The data is restructured in a way where all the data required by the neighbor process comes contiguously at the end, after the local one. Thanks to an assembly step, the contents of the messages for each neighbor are determined. Such data structure has a major impact on the efficiency of the solution, since it permits to design an appropriate communication scheme where the computation with local data can occur on the GPUs and the external ones on the CPUs. Moreover, it permits more efficient inter-process communication by an effective overlap of the communication by the computation in the asynchronous pipeline way. We validate our design through the test cases with different block matrices obtained from different reservoir simulations : fractured reservoir dual-medium, black-oil two phase-flow, and three phase-flow models. The experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach compared to state of the art. The proposed MPK running on several nodes of the GPU cluster provides a significant performance gain over equivalent Sparse Matrix Vector product (SpMV) which is already optimized and provides better scalability.
Estimating the Generation Interval from the Incidence Rate, the Optimal Quarantine Duration and the Efficiency of Fast Switching Periodic Protocols for Coronavirus (COVID- 19) Disease
Authors: Lippiello Eugenio , Petrillo Giuseppe , de Arcangelis Lucilla
Published: October 2021

The transmissibility of an infectious disease is usually quantified in terms of the reproduction number Rt representing, at a given time, the average number of secondary cases caused by an infected individual. Recent studies have enlightened the central role played by w(z), the distribution of generation times z, namely the time between successive infections in a transmission chain. In standard approaches this quantity is usually substituted by the distribution of serial intervals, which is obtained by contact tracing after measuring the time between onset of symptoms in successive cases. Unfortunately, this substitution can cause important biases in the estimate of Rt. Here we present a novel method which allows one to simultaneously obtain the optimal functional form of w(z) together with the daily evolution of Rt , over the course of an epidemic. The method uses, as only information, the daily series of incidence rate and thus overcomes biases present in standard approaches. We apply our method to one year of data from COVID-19 officially reported cases in the 21 Italian regions, since the first confirmed case on February 2020. We find that w(z) has mean value z̄≃6 days with a standard deviation σ≃1 day, for all Italian regions, and these values are stable even if one considers only the first 10 days of data recording. This indicates that an estimate of the most relevant transmission parameters can be already available in the early stage of a pandemic. We use this information to obtain the optimal quarantine duration and to demonstrate that, in the case of COVID-19, post-lockdown mitigation policies, such as fast periodic switching and/or alternating quarantine, can be very efficient.
Association between low eosinophil count and mortality in SARS-COV-2 infection on the 70+, a discussed observation
Authors: Baudouin Edouard , Kosowki Jill , Mesinele Lea , Pujol Tom , Brunetti Nicoletta , Colas Marion , Neiss Marie , Simon Pauline , Trivalle Christophe , Tiramine Soraya , Laraaj Fahd , Vetillard Anne-Laure , Houenou-Quenum Nadège , Souques Cecile , Verdier Sébastien , Houdre Julie , Sorrel-Dejerine Adrien , Sanchez Joge , Jean-Sebastien Vidal , Guichardon Magali , Jean-Emmanuel Kahn , Collarino Rocca , Duron Emmanuelle
Published: October 2021

Background: Biological COVID-19 abnormalities are varied (lymphopenia, high levels of blood inflammatory markers, …). Regarding physiological immune responses, eosinophils were for a long time thought to be mainly against extra-cellular pathogen like helminthes. It has recently been pointed out that they appear to play a part in recognition of virus and to have the capacity to perform direct action against viruses. This study aimed to seek for an association between eosinophils count < 10 /mm3 and mortality in an older adults suffering from COVID-19 hospitalized in a specific geriatric ward. Methods: This observational retrospective study was conducted in a French geriatric ward from March 17 to April 18, 2020. All 118 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 over 70 yo in acute stay care were enrolled. Patients with a treatment or a condition which could interfere with eosinophil count were excluded. Results: No statistical difference was found between surviving or deceased patient regarding age (mean age (SD): 87 years (7)) and sex (34% of males). Differences for the most frequent acute events were statically different: Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score was ≥ 2 at admission for 23% in the survivor group vs 72% in the deceased (p < .001); acute kidney injury concerned 17% of the survivors vs. 69% of the decease (p< .001). Eosinophil count < 10/mm3 was significantly associated with mortality (OR (95% CI)) = 3.54 (1.23-11.4) after adjustment on age, gender, and activity of daily living.Conclusion: Low eosinophil count (< 10/mm3) seems to be associated with mortality on older adults. Due to the specific physiological ageing process of the immune system, this calls to explore more globally the impact of inflammaging and immunosenescence on SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population.
Influence of Spatial Characteristics of Green Spaces on Microclimate: A Case Study in Suzhou Industrial Park, China
Authors: Xiao Xiangdong , Zhang Lulu , Xiong Yimei
Published: October 2021

Continuous urban development leads to urban heat island effects. Research suggests that urban green spaces can help effectively reduce urban heat island effects in the summer. Previous studies have mainly focused on the influence of different underlying surfaces on air cooling and humidification. There is a lack of in-depth research on the relationship between park structure and microclimatic effects. Here, we examined the main landscape parameters of green spaces in 15 parks located in Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) with a subtropical maritime monsoon climate zone during the summer to analyze their influence on the microclimate. The average cooling and humidifying effect of medium-size green spaces was most significant during high-temperature hours in the daytime. When the distance to a water body was the same, the average cooling and humidifying effect ranked as follows: large-size green space > small-size green space > medium-size green space. We explored the mechanisms of the local cooling and humidifying effects of woodland and water areas in parks by numerical simulations. The significance of the cooling and humidifying effects of water areas of different shapes was as follows: annular water > massive water > banded water. This confirmed that the shape and size of water areas within a green space has a significant influence on local cooling and humidification.
Are preoperative oral antibiotics effective in reducing the incidence of anastomotic leakage after Colorectal cancer surgery: Study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled study
Authors: Gao Rui Qi , Wang WeiDong , Yu PengFei , Mo ZhenChang , Dong DanSheng , Yang XiSheng , Li XiaoHua , Ji Gang
Published: October 2021

Introduction The optimal preoperative preparation for elective colorectal cancer surgery has been debated in academic circles for decades. Previously, many expert teams have conducted studies on whether preoperative mechanical bowel preparation and preoperative oral antibiotics can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, such as surgical site infections and anastomotic leakage. Most of the results of these studies have suggested that preoperative mechanical bowel preparation for elective colon surgery has no significant effect on the occurrence of surgical site infections and anastomotic leakage. Methods/design This study will examine whether oral antibiotic bowel preparation (OABP) influences the incidence of anastomotic leakage after surgery in a prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial that will enrol 1500 patients who need colon surgery. The primary endpoint, incidence of anastomotic leakage, is based on 2.3% in the OABP ± mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) group in the study by Morris et al. The patients will be randomized (1:1) into two groups: the test group will be given antibiotics (both neomycin 1 g and metronidazole 1 g) the day before surgery, and the control group will not have any special intestinal preparation before surgery, including oral antibiotics or mechanical intestinal preparation. All study-related clinical data, such as general patient information, past medical history, laboratory examination, imaging results, and surgery details, will be recorded before surgery and during the time of hospitalization. The occurrence of postoperative fistulas, including anastomotic leakage, will be recorded as the main severe postoperative adverse event and will represent the primary endpoint. Ethics and dissemination Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee at the Chinese Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical Trials(ChiECRCT20200173). The results of this study will be disseminated at several research conferences and as published articles in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration: ChiCTR2000035550. Registered on 13 Aug 2020.
Numerical solution for initial and boundary value problems of high-order ordinary differential equations using Hermite neural network algorithm with improved extreme learning machine
Authors: Lu Yanfei , Weng Futian , Sun Hongli
Published: October 2021

In this paper we put forth Hermite neural network (HNN) algorithm with improved extreme learning machine (IELM) to solve initial/boundary value problems of high-order ordinary differential equation(ODEs) and high-order system of ordinary differential equations (SODEs). The model function was expressed as a sum of two terms, where the first term contains no adjustable parameters but satisfies the initial/boundary conditions, the second term involved a single-layered neural network structure with IELM and Hermite basis functions to be trained. The approximate solution is presented in closed form by means of HNN algorithm, whose parameters are obtained by solving a system of linear equations utilizing IELM, which reduces the complexity of the problem. Numerical results demonstrate that the method is effective and reliable for solving high-order ODEs and high-order SODEs with initial and boundary conditions.Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 34A30 ; 65D15
Immediate Newborn Care Practice and Associated Factors Among Newborns Delivered at Public Health Facilities of Debre Markos Town, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Fantahun Firehiwot , Tura Gurmessa , Habtamu Abebe , Oljira Rut
Published: October 2021

Background: About 47% of under-five deaths occurred in the first month of life. Even though under-five mortality declines globally, death is more concentrated in the first days of life. This provides a clue to focus more on immediate newborn care than ever before. Therefore, this study aimed to assess level of immediate newborn care practice and associated factors among newborns delivered at public health facilities in Debre Markos Town, North West Ethiopia from March 28 to May 27, 2020. Methods: Facility based cross sectional study with quantitative and qualitative methods were used. For the quantitative study a total of 286 mothers with their newborns were included. For the qualitative study 10 key-informants were interviewed. Pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaires and observational checklists were used for the data collection. Collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression were done. Independent variables with a P-value of ≤ 0.25 in bivariable analysis were considered as candidate for multivariable analysis. P-value < 0.05 was used as cut off point for presence of statistical significance in the multi-variable model. Goodness of fit test was checked using Hosmer and Lemeshow test. Results: The level of immediate newborn care practice was 76.9% [(95% CI = (72.0-82.0)].History of ANC follow up(AOR=3.36;95%CI:1.50,7.53), mother’s knowledge on immediate newborn care(AOR=5.29;95%:2.00,14.00), birth-preparedness of the mother(AOR=7.80;95%:3.36,18.06) and availability of drugs, equipment and materials(AOR=6.79;95%CI:3.05,15.12) were found to be independent predictors of the level of immediate newborn care practices.Conclusion: In this study, the level of immediate newborn care practices among newborn neonates was found to be unsatisfactory compared to the national target. So it is important to promote immediate newborn care through adequate supply of essential drugs and equipment, counseling and education on immediate newborn care, promotion of birth preparedness activity and strengthen ANC service for all pregnant women.
Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training and Cough-suppression Therapy to Reduce Urinary Incontinence in Women With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – a Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Haukeland-Parker Stacey , Frisk Bente , Spruit Martijn A , Stafne Signe Nilssen , Johannessen Hege Hølmo
Published: October 2021

BackgroundLittle is known regarding treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the study was to explore the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) or cough-suppression techniques (CST) on UI in women with COPD.MethodsA three armed, two centred, single blinded, randomised controlled study was performed. Subjects were randomised to a) PFMT for 16 weeks, b) 2-3 educational sessions in CST, or c) written information only. All participants completed questionnaires about UI, cough symptoms and health status, and underwent clinical examinations to evaluate strength of the pelvic floor muscles and exercise capacity. Daily physical activity levels were measured using an activity monitor, and lung function with spirometry. With a significance level of 5% and an 80% chance of detecting a significant difference between groups of 2.5 points on the ICIQ UI SF score, our sample size calculation showed that a total of 78 women, 26 in each group, was required to complete the study. ResultsDuring the period 2016 to 2018, 95 women were invited to the study. A total of 42 were recruited, 3 were excluded and 10 (24%) dropped out during the follow-up period. Mean ICIQ-UI SF total baseline score was 9.6 (range: 1-17) and 7.0 (range: 0-16) at follow up. Significant changes in subjective UI as measured with the ICIQ-UI SF questionnaire were seen in the PFMT group (p=0.03) and control group (p=0.02), but not in the CST group (p=0.46).Conclusionue to the low number of available participants and recruitment difficulties including practical issues such as travel distance, lack of interest, poor state of health and high number of comorbidities, our results are inconclusive. However, reduced subjective UI was observed in the PFMT and control groups with a trend towards best effect in the PFMT group. Screening for UI is advisable in all women with COPD to be able to identify and treat these women to reduce symptom burden and improve quality of life. Future studies should focus on barriers to recruitment as well as randomised controlled studies with larger sample sizes. Trial registration﻿The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02614105).
Associations Between Uncertainty and Self-Care Ability Among Chinese Enterostomy Patients: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Huang Lijie , Wang Feijie , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Haixin , Chang Xiaoxia , Jiang Hongxia , Chu Yinping , Wang Lu , Zhen Yuling
Published: October 2021

Purpose The relationship between uncertainty and self-care behaviors is well documented in the literature, however, there exists a paucity of information on the mediating effect of perceived stress on the relationship between uncertainty and self-care ability among enterostomy patients. This study aimed to examine the relationship between uncertainty and self-care ability among enterostomy patients, and explore the mediating role of perceived stress.Methods 462 enterostomy patients aged (60.00 ± 12.81) years old participated in the study. Cross-sectional study was conducted among them by a set of self-administered questionnaires, which includes demographic information, perceived stress scale, illness uncertainty scale, and ostomy self-care ability scale. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explore the role of perceived stress between Uncertainty and self-care ability, structural equation modeling was used to verify it.Results 450 participants finally completely finished the research, with the recycling rate of 97.4%. Uncertainty was demonstrated positively related to perceived stress(r = 0.215, P < 0.01), and negatively related to self-care ability(r=-0.470, P < 0.01), perceived stress was negatively related to self-care ability(r=-0.640, P < 0.01). Perceived stress played a partially mediating role between Uncertainty and self-care ability, which accounted 40.8 % of the total effect.Conclusions The findings present a conceptual model containing the mediated effects of perceived stress, which facilitated our understanding of the relationship among uncertainty, perceived stress, and self-care ability. Thus, perceived stress and uncertainty should be the focus, in order to improve self-care ability of the enterostomy patients.