bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying postpartum depression: Using key risk factors for early detection
Authors: Zacher Kjeldsen Mette-Marie , Bang Madsen Kathrine , Liu Xiaoqin , Mægbæk Merete Lund , Robakis Thalia , Bergink Veerle , Munk-Olsen Trine
Published: October 2024

Background

Personal and family history of psychiatric disorders are key risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD), yet their combined contribution has been understudied.

Objective

To examine personal and family psychiatric history, alone and combined, and their effect on absolute risk and relative risk (RR) of mild/moderate or severe PPD.

Methods

In this cohort study, we used data from 142 064 childbirths with PPD screenings from 2015 to 2021 merged with population registers. Exposures were personal and family psychiatric history defined as a psychiatric hospital contact or psychotropic prescription fills by index mothers and their parents prior to delivery. Outcomes were mild/moderate PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, cut-off: ≥11 within 12 weeks post partum) and severe PPD (antidepressant fill or depression diagnosis within 6 months post partum). We calculated absolute risks and RRs using Poisson regression models adjusted for parity, education, maternal age, and calendar year.

Findings

Of the 142 064 participants, 23.4% had no psychiatric history, 47.4% had only family history, 6.0% had only personal history, and 23.2% had both. The latter group had the highest risk of PPD: absolute risk of mild/moderate PPD was 11.7% (95% CI 11.5%; 11.8%), and adjusted RR: 2.35 (95% CI 2.22; 2.49). Alone, personal psychiatric history was the most potent risk factor. Dose–response relationship based on severity of personal and family psychiatric history was found.

Discussion

Our study documents a substantial association between personal and family psychiatric history and PPD risk.

Clinical implications

Evaluating combinations of risk factors is important to improve risk assessment.
Predictors of perinatal mortality in Ghana: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Punguyire Damien , Abiiro Gilbert Abotisem , Koray Munawar Harun
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Perinatal mortality is a major public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, with Ghana experiencing consistently high rates. This poses challenges for achieving the maternal and child health-related sustainability development goals by 2030. While some studies have explored factors behind perinatal mortality in Ghana, a comprehensive analysis considering multifactorial predictors remains absent. This scoping review, guided by Anderson’s framework of healthcare utilisation, aims to address this. The primary objective is to map the predictors of perinatal mortality in Ghana using Anderson’s framework. It aims to identify interpersonal, social structural and health beliefs as predisposing factors; evaluate access to healthcare, social support and health literacy as enabling factors; and outline maternal and foetal conditions as need factors, concluding with identified knowledge gaps.

Methods and analysis

The Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions will be used to guide the conduct of this review. Four main electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, will be searched. Eligible studies will be charted and synthesised, focussing on Anderson’s primary domains: predisposing factors, enabling factors and need factors. Studies published in the English language from January 2000 to June 2024 will be included in the study to cover the most recent factors associated with perinatal mortality in Ghana.

Ethics and dissemination

This review will rely on already published peer-reviewed articles and therefore will not require ethical approval. The review results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific publications and annual health services review conferences in Ghana.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024564968.
Dietary habit and lifestyle of postpartum women in South China: a mixed methods research
Authors: Chen Wanhe , Zhai Jinguo , Yuan Cairu , Liang Yulian , Lu Xiaoqin , Guo Yingui , Yao Yongzi
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the dietary and hygiene behaviours and influencing factors of women during the puerperium in South China.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

Three tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province, China

Participants

From November 2022 to March 2023, 327 women with puerperal experience were enrolled using the purposive sampling method, with 323 valid questionnaires collected for data analysis. Semistructured interviews were conducted with six puerperium women and five primary caregivers.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

This study used a questionnaire survey to collect and analyse the current postpartum dietary and hygiene behaviours among women in the South China region, along with their influencing factors.

Results

Multinomial logistics regression revealed women residing in urban-rural fringe were more likely to use ventilated rooms (OR 4.496, 95% CI 2.363 to 8.552) and avoid hair washing (OR 0.345, 95% CI 0.159 to 0.749) compared with urban residents. Additionally, women who practiced Buddhism were more likely to wash their hair (OR 11.070, 95% CI 2.339 to 52.379) and take baths (OR 6.856, 95% CI 2.057 to 22.855) compared with those with no religious affiliation. Lastly, those whose primary caregiver was their husband were more likely to consume watermelon (OR 2.235, 95% CI 1.119 to 4.463), persimmon (OR 4.395, 95% CI 1.886 to 10.242) and longan (OR 2.612, 95% CI 1.362 to 5.010). The qualitative study identified five themes: dietary practices, hygiene habits, personal attitude, sources of information and support.

Conclusion

The dietary and hygiene behaviours of puerperium women in South China are significantly influenced by the residen, primary caregivers and religious beliefs. Medical care providers should adopt a precision postpartum care strategy to improve the quality of care.
SIGNET: protocol for a multicentre, single-blind prospective, group sequential, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the benefits of a single dose of simvastatin given to potential organ donors declared dead by neurological criteria on outcomes in organ recipients
Authors: Evans Amy , Mawson Phil , Thomas Helen , Keen Katie , Watson Christopher JE , McAuley Daniel Francis , MacGowan Guy A , Sheerin Neil S , Fisher Andrew , Shaw James , Yates Hilary , Fallow Andrea , Kounali Daphne , Banks Jennifer , Stevens Margaret , Paul Roshni , Hodge Renate , Lawson Emma , Harvey Dan , Dark John
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Successful organ transplantation in patients with end-stage organ failure improves long-term survival, improves quality of life and reduces costs to the NHS. Despite an increase in the number of deceased organ donors over the last decade, there remains a considerable shortfall of suitable organs available for transplantation. Over half of UK donors are certified dead by neurological criteria following brain stem compression, which leads to severe physiological stress in the donor, combined with a hyperinflammatory state. Brain stem death-related dysfunction is an important reason for poor organ function and hence utilisation. For example, more than 30% of donation after brain stem death cardiac transplant recipients need short-term mechanical cardiac support, reflecting donor heart dysfunction.

A small, randomised study previously showed improved outcomes for cardiac transplant recipients if the donor was given simvastatin. SIGNET takes inspiration from that study and hypothesises a potential reduction in damage to the heart and other organs during the period after diagnosis of death and prior to organ retrieval in donors that receive simvastatin.

Methods and analysis

SIGNET is a multicentre, single-blind, prospective, group sequential, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the benefits of a single high dose of simvastatin given to potential organ donors diagnosed dead by neurological criteria on outcomes in all organ recipients. The trial will run across a minimum of 89 UK sites with a recruitment target of 2600 donors over 4 years.

Ethics and dissemination

SIGNET received a favourable opinion from the London, Queen Square Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 21/LO/0412) and following approval of substantial amendment 1 in January 2023, the current protocol is version 2 (7 December 2022). Substantial amendment 1 clarified consent procedures and added additional sites and prescribers. Findings from the study will be publicly available and disseminated locally and internationally through manuscript publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations at national and international platforms.

Trial registration number

NCT11440354
Peer support needs, preferences and experiences of adults with acquired neurological disability: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Wellecke Cornelia , Douglas Jacinta , Winkler Di , Brown Mark
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Peer support is a promising adjunct to traditional rehabilitation methods for helping adults with acquired neurological disability adjust to and navigate life with a disability. However, there is limited guidance on how to implement peer support for this cohort. To help inform peer support practices, the aim of this scoping review is to determine what is currently known about the peer support needs, preferences and experiences of adults with acquired neurological disability.

Methods and analysis

The scoping review will be conducted according to guidelines published by Arksey and O’Malley, Levacet aland Peterset al. Reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Systematic searches on five electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus) will be conducted to identify peer-reviewed research published since 2013 that investigates any type of peer support for adults (18–65 years) with any acquired neurological disability. Information about the study, participant and peer support characteristics, as well as data pertaining to the key outcomes of interest (ie, needs, preferences and experiences), will be charted, summarised and reported. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic synthesis, and findings will be discussed with 4–6 people with lived experience of acquired neurological disability.

Ethics and dissemination

The review does not require an ethics application. It is anticipated that findings will be disseminated through journal publications and conference presentations. Translation of the findings to non-academic audiences will be informed by the consultation with lived experience experts.
Artistic gymnastics-specific extension of the IOC 2020 consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport
Authors: Casey Ellen , Patel Tejal Sarika , Almeida Joao Francisco , Binder Jay , Bucke Jonathan , Duffy Kenneth , Faustin Marcia , Iwasaki Yasunobu , Kruse David , Laird Jason , Laury Torrance , Mathieu JF , Rigg Josh , Tomlinson Chris , Thomas Cheryl , Stokes Keith A
Published: October 2024

The incidence of injuries reported in artistic gymnastics varies greatly. This is partly due to inconsistencies in defining and reporting injuries in artistic gymnastics. The objective was to develop consistent definitions and methodology for reporting injuries in artistic gymnastics. A group of medical practitioners working with international-level artistic gymnasts from America, Asia, Australia and Europe came to a consensus on recommendations for defining and reporting injuries in artistic gymnastics. Development of the consensus statement was achieved through in-person and online discussions, online surveys and post meeting electronic discussions. This consensus statement is meant to serve as an extension to the recommendations made by the IOC on injury surveillance. The statement includes specific recommendations of injury definitions, characterising activity at the time of injury, and describing injury burden in artistic gymnastics. The following consensus statement has been developed to encourage consistency of injury surveillance in artistic gymnastics. Reporting injury in a consistent manner will help understand the true burden of injury in artistic gymnastics and help guide future work in injury prevention.
Energy availability and its association with health-related outcomes among national athletes at risk of relative energy deficiency in sports (REDs)
Authors: Marzuki Muhammad Irfan Haiqal , Jamil Nor Aini , Mohamad Mohd Izham , Chai Wen Jin , Farah Nor MF , Safii Nik Shanita , Jasme Jasmiza Khuzairi
Published: October 2024

Background

Low energy availability (LEA) occurs when athletes’ energy intake fails to match the energy expended during exercise, resulting in insufficient energy to support essential functions for optimal health, a condition known as relative energy deficiency in sports (REDs).

Objective

This study aims to explore the prevalence of LEA among Malaysian national athletes and its associations with health-related outcomes.

Methods

A total of 43 athletes (51.2% males, aged 18–40) identified previously as having moderate or high risk of REDs through a questionnaire underwent comprehensive clinical assessments. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured using indirect calorimetry, with an RMR ratio of <0.90 indicating LEA. Weight and height were measured, and fasting blood samples were analysed for ferritin, free triiodothyronine (fT3), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), estradiol (female athletes) and testosterone (male athletes). Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and total left hip, as well as body composition, were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Results

Out of the 43 athletes, 12 showed evidence of LEA, exhibiting at least one of the following characteristics: low estradiol levels (87.5%), low testosterone (75.0%), low fT3 (66.7%), low LH (58.3%), low FSH (58.3%), low ferritin (25.0%) and low BMD (8.3%). Notably, fT3, estradiol and testosterone were significant predictors for LEA.

Conclusions

A low but noteworthy incidence of LEA among Malaysian national athletes was associated with hormone imbalances. Awareness about LEA among athletes and sports personnel is essential for early detection and appropriate intervention.
Establishment of enterically transmitted hepatitis virus animal models using lipid nanoparticle-based full-length viral genome RNA delivery system
Authors: Liu Tianxu , Li Jian , Yin Xin , Lu Fengmin , Zhao Hui , Wang Lin , Qin Cheng-Feng
Published: October 2024

Background

Enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses, such as hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV), remain notable threats to public health. However, stable and reliable animal models of HAV and HEV infection are lacking.

Objective

This study aimed to establish HAV and HEV infections in multiple small animals by intravenously injecting lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated full-length viral RNAs (LNP-vRNA).

Design

In vitro transcribed and capped full-length HAV RNA was encapsulated into LNP and was intravenously inoculated toIfnar−/− mice, and HEV RNA to rabbits and gerbils. Virological parameters were determined by RT-qPCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Liver histopathological changes were analysed by H&E staining. Antiviral drug and vaccine efficacy were further evaluated by using the LNP-vRNA-based animal model.

Results

On intravenous injection of LNP-vRNA, stable viral shedding was detected in the faeces and infectious HAV or HEV was recovered from the livers of the inoculated animals. Liver damage was observed in LNP-vRNA (HAV)-injected mice and LNP-vRNA (HEV)-injected rabbits. Mongolian gerbils were also susceptible to LNP-vRNA (HEV) injections. Finally, the antiviral countermeasures and in vivo function of HEV genome deletions were validated in the LNP-vRNA-based animal model.

Conclusion

This stable and standardised LNP-vRNA-based animal model provides a powerful platform to investigate the pathogenesis and evaluate countermeasures for enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses and can be further expanded to other viruses that are not easily cultured in vitro or in vivo.
Cold operational readiness in the military: from science to practice
Authors: Ojanen Tommi , Margolis L , van der Sanden K , Haman F , Kingma B , Simonelli G
Published: October 2024

Cold weather operations are logistically difficult to orchestrate and extremely challenging for soldiers. Decades of research and empirical evidence indicate that humans are extremely vulnerable to cold and that individual responses are highly variable. In this context, it may be necessary to develop personalised strategies to sustain soldiers’ performance and ensure overall mission success in the cold. Systematic cold weather training is essential for soldiers to best prepare to operate during, and recover from, cold weather operations. The purpose of this review is to highlight key aspects of cold weather training, including (1) human responses to cold, (2) nutrition, (3) sleep and (4) protective equipment requirements. Bringing science to practice to improve training principles can facilitate soldiers performing safely and effectively in the cold. Cold weather training prepares soldiers for operations in cold, harsh environments. However, decreases in physical, psychological and thermoregulatory performance have been reported following such training, which influences operational ability and increases the overall risk of injuries. When optimising the planning of field training exercises or operational missions, it is important to understand the soldiers’ physical and cognitive performance capacity, as well as their capacity to cope and recover during and after the exercise or mission. Even though the body is fully recovered in terms of body composition or hormonal concentrations, physical or cognitive performance can still be unrecovered. When overlooked, symptoms of overtraining and risk of injury may increase, decreasing operational readiness.
Long-term outcomes of ischaemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Odanović Natalija , Schwann Alexandra N , Zhang Zhiyuan , Kapadia Sohum S , Kunnirickal Steffne J , Parise Helen , Tirziu Daniela , Ilic Ivan , Lansky Alexandra J , Pietras Cody G , Shah Samit M
Published: October 2024

Background

The prognosis of myocardial ischaemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) and its underlying vasomotor disorders, vasospastic angina (VSA) and microvascular angina (MVA), is not well defined. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the long-term prognosis of patients with INOCA.

Methods

We included studies evaluating the prognosis of patients with INOCA published between January 1984 and August 2023 in Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases. Studies were selected if they included patients who fulfilled the Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study Group (COVADIS) criteria for either possible or definitive VSA or MVA. The primary outcomes were composite of all-cause death and myocardial infarction (MI), and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) at annual intervals up to 5-year follow-up. The incidence of primary outcomes for INOCA, each INOCA endotype and by method used to determine the diagnosis was calculated using the random effects model.

Results

Fifty-four studies (17 302 patients) meeting the eligibility criteria were selected. The rate of all-cause death and MI with VSA was 0.7 (95% CI 0.4 to 1.0)/100 patient-years and with MVA was 1.1 (95% CI 0.7 to 1.5)/100 patient-years (p>0.05). The rate of MACE with VSA was 1.1 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.9)/100 patient-years and with MVA was 2.5 (95% CI 1.6 to 3.6)/100 patient-years (p=0.025). Patients with reduced coronary flow reserve (CFR) had higher all-cause death and MI rates than patients whose diagnosis of MVA was established based on an abnormal exercise or imaging stress test (4.7 (95% CI 2.0 to 8.4) vs 0.5 (95% CI 0.1 to 1.1) vs 1.1 (95% CI 0.5 to 2.0)/100 patient-years, p=0.001).

Conclusions

Overall, patients with INOCA have a low rate of MACEs, but patients with MVA, especially those with reduced CFR, have a significantly higher rate of MACE than other subgroups, although there is high heterogeneity among the included studies.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021275070.
Use of artificial intelligence-powered ECG to differentiate between cardiac and pulmonary pathologies in patients with acute dyspnoea in the emergency department
Authors: Jang Ji-Hun , Lee Sang-Won , Kim Dae-Young , Shin Sung-Hee , Lee Sang-Chul , Kim Dae-Hyeok , Choi Wonik , Baek Yong-Soo
Published: October 2024

Background

Acute dyspnoea is common in acute care settings. However, identifying the origin of dyspnoea in the emergency department (ED) is often challenging. We aimed to investigate whether our artificial intelligence (AI)-powered ECG analysis reliably distinguishes between the causes of dyspnoea and evaluate its potential as a clinical triage tool for comparing conventional heart failure diagnostic processes using natriuretic peptides.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted using an AI-based ECG algorithm on patients ≥18 years old presenting with dyspnoea at the ED from February 2006 to September 2023. Patients were categorised into cardiac or pulmonary origin groups based on initial admission. The performance of an AI-ECG using a transformer neural network algorithm was assessed to analyse standard 12-lead ECGs for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Additionally, we compared the diagnostic efficacy of AI-ECG models with N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels to identify cardiac origins.

Results

Among the 3105 patients included in the study, 1197 had cardiac-origin dyspnoea. The AI-ECG model demonstrated an AUC of 0.938 and 88.1% accuracy for cardiac-origin dyspnoea. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were 93.0%, 79.5%, 89.0% and 86.4%, respectively. The F1 score was 0.828. AI-ECG demonstrated superior diagnostic performance in identifying cardiac-origin dyspnoea compared with NT-proBNP. True cardiac origin was confirmed in 96 patients in a sensitivity analysis of 129 patients with a high probability of cardiac origin initially misdiagnosed as pulmonary origin predicted by AI-ECG.

Conclusions

AI-ECG demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy over NT-proBNP and showed promise as a clinical triage tool. It is a potentially valuable tool for identifying the origin of dyspnoea in emergency settings and supporting decision-making.
Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of tea-scented China rose
Authors: Cheng Peilei , Yan Taotao , Cheng Wenhui , Chen Haoyuan , Wang He , Huang Changbing
Published: October 2024

Plant mitochondrial (mt) genomes enable better understanding of cellular processes and phylogenetic relationships. Tea-scented China rose ‘Hume's Blush Tea-scented China’ is the ancestor of the modern hybrid tea rose and has had an important and lasting influence on the breeding of the modern horticultural rose, but a comprehensive description of its mt genome is not yet available. In this study, mature leaves were used to determine the sequence of the rose mt genome. The mt genome of ‘Hume's Blush Tea-scented China’ is a circular sequence 277 730 bp in length and includes 30 protein-coding genes, 19 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. We analyzed repeat sequences, codon preferences, and RNA editing processes. In addition, we detected the transfer of 25 chloroplast genes to the mt genome, indicating intracellular genes transferred frequently from chloroplasts to mitochondria in ‘Hume's Blush Tea-scented China’. The phylogenetic analysis of the ‘Hume's Blush Tea-scented China’ mt genome and those of 26 other plant groups reflects its taxonomic status. The Ka/Ks of most genes was less than 1, indicating that most coding genes underwent negative selection, while pi was greater than 0.01, confirming highly diverse genetic variation. This work lays a foundation for future investigation of genetic variation in ‘Hume's Blush Tea-scented China’.
Some fixed point theorems in (3,2)-metric spaces
Authors: Dimovski Tomi , Dimovski Dončo
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider [Formula: see text]-metric spaces and prove several fixed point theorems for self-mappings on [Formula: see text]-metric spaces satisfying some conditions similar to contractions in ordinary metric spaces.
Cost-Effectiveness of Clomiphene Citrate-Based Minimal Stimulation Compared with Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Protocol in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve
Authors: Nishii Shogo , Akino Ryosuke , Chen Linji , Nishioka Nana , Nakabayashi Hiroki , Tabuchi Akihiko , Sakamoto Miwa , Kondo Tetsuro , Sekizawa Akihiko
Published: October 2024

Background: In Japan, where infertility treatment is now covered by insurance, appropriate protocols for patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) based on treatment outcomes and cost-effectiveness must be selected. Therefore, this study aims to provide information on the outcomes and cost-effectiveness of conventional ovarian stimulation and mild stimulation for patients with DOR in Japan.

Methods: Data from 66 women who underwent first oocyte retrieval at Showa University Hospital between May 2019 and November 2023 were analyzed.

Results: The clomiphene citrate (CC) group used significantly fewer gonadotropins and incurred lower costs than the conventional ovarian stimulation group while achieving comparable clinical outcomes, including cumulative live birth rates.

Conclusions: CC-based minimal stimulation is a cost-effective alternative to conventional ovarian stimulation for patients with low ovarian reserve without compromising clinical efficacy. Further randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings and optimize protocols for this population.
Engineering geomorphology of coastal landslides at Limestone Downs, North Island, New Zealand
Authors: Mueller Amanda , Simmons Lloyd , Brook Martin S.
Published: October 2024

Coastal landslides are widespread geomorphological features on New Zealand's North Island, representing a key coastal erosion process. Often, New Zealand's coastal landsliding is rainfall-induced, with young, weak, permeable sediments failing along a shear surface coincident with an unconformable contact with underlying older, sedimentary rock. An example is the Plio-Pleistocene Awhitu Group sands in the west of the North Island, which in recent years have failed via extremely rapid flows with little warning, leading to fatalities at built-up coastlines. Understanding the nature of the hazard posed by coastal landslides is often precluded by the heavily vegetated nature of the coast, and site access. We present a case study of two coastal landslides at Limestone Downs, on the Waikato coast,
c
. 70 km south of Auckland, using field investigation, laboratory testing, remote sensing and modelling. The northern landslide appears to be a relict, low-angle bedding-plane failure in sedimentary rock, possibly between the Miocene Waikawau Sandstone and the underlying Te Kuiti Group. In contrast, the adjacent southern landslide appears active, failing by retrogressive upslope extension, and is limited to Plio-Pleistocene Awhitu Group sediments. While both landslides may have been initiated by marine erosion, triggering from near-field earthquakes and tsunami effects cannot be ruled out.
On the Effectiveness of Large Language Models in Domain-Specific Code Generation
Authors: Gu Xiaodong , Chen Meng , Lin Yalan , Hu Yuhan , Zhang Hongyu , Wan Chengcheng , Wei Zhao , Xu Yong , Wang Juhong
Published: October 2024

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable capabilities in code generation. Despite significant achievements, they rely on enormous training data to acquire a broad spectrum of open-domain knowledge. Besides, their evaluation revolves around open-domain benchmarks like HumanEval, which primarily consist of programming contests. Therefore, it is hard to fully characterize the intricacies and challenges associated with particular domains (e.g., Web, game, and math). In this article, we conduct an in-depth study of the LLMs in domain-specific code generation. Our results demonstrate that LLMs exhibit sub-optimal performance in generating domain-specific code, due to their limited proficiency in utilizing domain-specific libraries. We further observe that incorporating API knowledge as prompts can empower LLMs to generate more professional code. Based on these findings, we further investigate how to effectively incorporate API knowledge into the code generation process. We experiment with three strategies for incorporating domain knowledge, namely, external knowledge inquirer, chain-of-thought prompting, and chain-of-thought fine-tuning. We refer to these strategies as a new code generation approach called
DomCoder
. Experimental results show that all strategies of DomCoder improve the effectiveness of domain-specific code generation under certain settings.
Exploring Interest in Informatics with a Focus on K-12 Students’ Preferences in the Context of a Robotics Workshop
Authors: Bentz Anette , Standl Bernhard
Published: October 2024

Digital literacy is considered to be crucial for social and professional participation. Hence, several projects have been launched in school, as well as extracurricular activities to promote digital literacy in middle school. They aim, among other things, to increase interest in the so-called STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), which include computer science. Interest in a topic is described in the literature as a crucial factor for learning success and career choice. Still, there is a potential for current research on the expression and distribution of interest in computer science. Therefore, this study aims to address this research gap by examining interest in computer science. The exploration of interest is expanded to include gender aspects and pupils’ dispositions. Given the significantly lower number of women studying in STEM fields, there is a particular focus on an improved understanding of the interests of female pupils as early as middle school. Moreover, the literature suggests that pupils’ dispositions should also be considered in instructional design to achieve stable interest. In this context, the following two dispositions shine out in literature and are therefore focused on in this article: first, interest in contextual, people-related topics (mainly found among women), and second, interest in factual, object-related topics (mainly found among men). In summary, this study investigates how pupils’ interest in computer science is expressed before and after a programming intervention and how it is distributed across gender and dispositions. Therefore, the study surveyed 8th-grade pupils (N

\(=\)

114) about their preferences and assessed their interest in computer science before and after an intervention with unplugged materials and playful robots. Results show that all groups of pupils find computer science interesting, and the intervention slightly increased interest. Girls show a marginally lower interest in computer science. Furthermore, the results indicate that interest in computer science did not correlate with interest in contextual or factual dispositions.
Socially Assistive Robots and Sensory Feedback for Engaging Older Adults in Cognitive Activities
Authors: Nault Emilyann , Baillie Lynne , Broz Frank
Published: October 2024

Motivating older adults to engage in cognitive activities has the potential to slow cognitive decline. This article presents a participatory design (PD) workshop and follow-up prototype evaluation to determine how cognitive training activities can be adapted to integrate socially assistive robots and sensory feedback (visual, auditory, and haptic, specifically). The workshop with older adults and therapists resulted in concrete designs and strategies for engagement. The second phase of this work was to implement these outcomes into a prototype that incorporated a humanoid robot and sensory feedback, with a particular focus on haptic feedback. The evaluation with eight older adults supported the potential of hand tracking with sensory feedback as an interaction mechanism to foster engagement, where the increased workload notably led to high levels of engagement. The prototype results confirmed the strategies and designs from the PD workshop were effective as a way of engaging older adults in cognitive activities. This article highlights the potential for the unique combination of socially assistive robots and sensory feedback to promote older adults’ engagement in cognitive activities.
Gene Drive and Symbiont Technologies for Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases
Authors: Wang Guan-Hong , Hoffmann Ary , Champer Jackson
Published: October 2024

Mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue and malaria, pose a significant burden to global health. Current control strategies with insecticides are only moderately effective. Scalable solutions are needed to reduce the transmission risk of these diseases. Symbionts and genome engineering–based mosquito control strategies have been proposed to address these problems. Bacterial, fungal, and viral symbionts affect mosquito reproduction, reduce mosquito lifespan, and block pathogen transmission. Field tests of endosymbiont Wolbachia-based methods have yielded promising results, but there are hurdles to overcome due to the large-scale rearing and accurate sex sorting required for Wolbachia-based suppression approaches and the ecological impediments to Wolbachia invasion in replacement approaches. Genome engineering–based methods, in which mosquitoes are genetically altered for the modification or suppression of wild populations, offer an additional approach for control of mosquito-borne diseases. In particular, the use of gene drive alleles that bias inheritance in their favor is a potentially powerful approach. Several drives are frequency dependent, potentially giving them broadly similar population dynamics to Wolbachia. However, public acceptance and the behavior of released drives in natural mosquito populations remain challenges. We summarize the latest developments and discuss the knowledge gaps in both symbiont- and gene drive–based methods.
Drug‐Induced Intracranial Pressure Increase: Disproportionality Analysis of the Public Version of the FDA Event Reporting System
Authors: Xu Caibing , Zhang Jinghua , Zhang Yuxia , Sun Qiuyan , Yang Xuedong , Fang Wei
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study is aimed at identifying the most common drugs associated with the risk of intracranial pressure increase (IPI) based on the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods: OpenVigil 2.1 was used to query the FAERS database and data from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2022 were retrieved. Pharmacovigilance tools were employed for the quantitative detection of signals, where a signal represents a drug‐induced adverse event, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR > 1 with 95% confidence interval, the reports number ≥ 2) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR > 2, χ2 ≥ 4).

Results: Among the 12,060,031 adverse event reports, there were 3113 cases in which drugs were the primary suspect cause of IPI. Drug‐induced intracranial pressure increase (DIPI) was more often observed in young females. The Top 5 drugs with the highest ROR and PRR were minocycline, doxycycline, acetazolamide, somatropin recombinant, and cytarabine.

Conclusion: Potential risks of DIPI should be closely monitored in clinical practice. Our study is consistent with clinical observations, which call for further research to establish the basis of these drugs and IPI.
Supplementary Data from Targeting Cholesterol Biosynthesis with Statins Synergizes with AKT Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Hillis Alissandra L. , Martin Timothy D. , Manchester Haley E. , Högström Jenny , Zhang Na , Lecky Emmalyn , Kozlova Nina , Lee Jonah , Persky Nicole S. , Root David E. , Brown Myles , Cichowski Karen , Elledge Stephen J. , Muranen Taru , Fruman David A. , Barry Simon T. , Clohessy John G. , Madsen Ralitsa R. , Toker Alex
Published: October 2024

Supplementary figures and information
Figure S3 from Proteomic Profiling of Serum Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Diagnostic Signatures and Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Ganfei , Huang Rui , Wumaier Reziya , Lyu Jiacheng , Huang Minjing , Zhang Yaya , Chen Qingjian , Liu Wenting , Tao Mengyu , Li Junjian , Tao Zhonghua , Yu Bo , Xu Erxiang , Wang Lingfeng , Yu Guoying , Gires Olivier , Zhou Lei , Zhu Wei , Ding Chen , Wang Hongxia
Published: October 2024

Proteomics features of BC- and HD-derived EVs, related to Figure 2
Figure S2 from Proteomic Profiling of Serum Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Diagnostic Signatures and Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Ganfei , Huang Rui , Wumaier Reziya , Lyu Jiacheng , Huang Minjing , Zhang Yaya , Chen Qingjian , Liu Wenting , Tao Mengyu , Li Junjian , Tao Zhonghua , Yu Bo , Xu Erxiang , Wang Lingfeng , Yu Guoying , Gires Olivier , Zhou Lei , Zhu Wei , Ding Chen , Wang Hongxia
Published: October 2024

Proteomic characterization of BC-derived EVs, related to Figure 1
Supplementary Table S2 from Single-Cell Profiling of Sarcomas from Archival Tissue Reveals Programs Associated with Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Luthria Karan , Shah Parin , Caldwell Blake , Melms Johannes C. , Abuzaid Sinan , Jakubikova Viktoria , Brodtman D. Zack , Bose Sminu , Amin Amit Dipak , Ho Patricia , Biermann Jana , Tagore Somnath , Ingham Matthew , Schwartz Gary K. , Izar Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Supplemental Table 2: Pathway enrichment analyses for indicated samples.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Single-Cell Profiling of Sarcomas from Archival Tissue Reveals Programs Associated with Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Luthria Karan , Shah Parin , Caldwell Blake , Melms Johannes C. , Abuzaid Sinan , Jakubikova Viktoria , Brodtman D. Zack , Bose Sminu , Amin Amit Dipak , Ho Patricia , Biermann Jana , Tagore Somnath , Ingham Matthew , Schwartz Gary K. , Izar Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Violin plots and boxplots displaying the (a) genes detected per cell and (b) stress signature expression per cell and (c) mitochondrial fraction of reads in samples profiled from fresh or frozen tissue in this study and in indicated studies by Jerby et. al. (dijon) and Slyper et al. (green), respectively. The upper and lower edges of the boxplot display the 75th and 25th percentiles respectively. Blue violin plots are from scRNA-seq from fresh tissue, and red violin plots are from snRNA-seq on frozen tissue.
Supplementary Data 1 from Biomarker Analyses Investigating Disease Biology and Associations with Outcomes in the JAVELIN Merkel 200 Trial of Avelumab in Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: D’Angelo Sandra P. , Lebbé Céleste , Nghiem Paul , Brohl Andrew S. , Mrowiec Thomas , Leslie Trent , Georges Sara , Güzel Gülseren , Shah Parantu
Published: October 2024

supplement
Supplementary Figure S3 from Pharmacologic Inhibition of EIF4A Blocks NRF2 Synthesis to Prevent Osteosarcoma Metastasis
Authors: Lizardo Michael M. , Hughes Christopher , Huang Yue Z. , Shyp Taras , Delaidelli Alberto , Zhang Hai-Feng , Shaool Sol Snir , Renner Annalena F. , Burwag Farez , Sayles Leanne C. , Lee Alex G. , Sweet-Cordero Alejandro , Sorensen Poul H.
Published: October 2024

Fig. S3. CR-1-31B inhibits translation in OS cells
Supplementary Table S6 from Tyrosine Protein Kinase SYK-Related Gene Signature in Baseline Immune Cells Associated with Adjuvant Immunotherapy–Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events in Melanoma
Authors: Monson Kelsey R. , Ferguson Robert , Handzlik Joanna E. , Xiong Jiahan , Dagayev Sasha , Morales Leah , Chat Vylyny , Bunis Anabelle , Sreenivasaiah Chaitra , Dolfi Sonia , Tenney Daniel J. , Shao Yongzhao , Osman Iman , Weber Jeffrey S. , Kirchhoff Tomas
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S6. Gene signature for COMBO CD4+ DEGs in SYK pathway, High vs Low Toxicity.
Supplementary Video S1 from Redirecting B7-H3.CAR T Cells to Chemokines Expressed in Osteosarcoma Enhances Homing and Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models
Authors: Talbot Lindsay J. , Chabot Ashley , Ross Aaron B. , Beckett Alexandra , Nguyen Phuong , Fleming Andrew , Chockley Peter J. , Shepphard Heather , Wang Jian , Gottschalk Stephen , DeRenzo Christopher
Published: October 2024

Halo assay videos
Supplementary Figure S2 from Redirecting B7-H3.CAR T Cells to Chemokines Expressed in Osteosarcoma Enhances Homing and Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models
Authors: Talbot Lindsay J. , Chabot Ashley , Ross Aaron B. , Beckett Alexandra , Nguyen Phuong , Fleming Andrew , Chockley Peter J. , Shepphard Heather , Wang Jian , Gottschalk Stephen , DeRenzo Christopher
Published: October 2024

CXCR transduced T cell data
Supplementary Figure S3 from Tyrosine Protein Kinase SYK-Related Gene Signature in Baseline Immune Cells Associated with Adjuvant Immunotherapy–Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events in Melanoma
Authors: Monson Kelsey R. , Ferguson Robert , Handzlik Joanna E. , Xiong Jiahan , Dagayev Sasha , Morales Leah , Chat Vylyny , Bunis Anabelle , Sreenivasaiah Chaitra , Dolfi Sonia , Tenney Daniel J. , Shao Yongzhao , Osman Iman , Weber Jeffrey S. , Kirchhoff Tomas
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure S3. Semi-supervised hierarchical clustering of the DEGs comparing TOXlowvs TOXhighin CD4+cells from COMBO-treated patients (n = 78) identified from PPI analysis.
Supplementary Table 3 from Colorectal Cancer Recurrence Prediction Using a Tissue-Free Epigenomic Minimal Residual Disease Assay
Authors: Nakamura Yoshiaki , Tsukada Yuichiro , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Murano Tatsuro , Shiozawa Manabu , Takahashi Yusuke , Oki Eiji , Goto Masahiro , Kagawa Yoshinori , Kanazawa Akiyoshi , Ohta Takashi , Ouchi Akira , Bando Hideaki , Uchigata Hiroshi , Notake Chiemi , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Yoshino Takayuki
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table 3. ctDNA Positive Rate in the 1,902 samples from 334 Patients in the Longitudinal Surveillance Analysis by Stage.
Supplementary Figure 8 from Colorectal Cancer Recurrence Prediction Using a Tissue-Free Epigenomic Minimal Residual Disease Assay
Authors: Nakamura Yoshiaki , Tsukada Yuichiro , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Murano Tatsuro , Shiozawa Manabu , Takahashi Yusuke , Oki Eiji , Goto Masahiro , Kagawa Yoshinori , Kanazawa Akiyoshi , Ohta Takashi , Ouchi Akira , Bando Hideaki , Uchigata Hiroshi , Notake Chiemi , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Yoshino Takayuki
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure 8. Patterns of recurrence based on ctDNA detection 28 days post-surgery.
Supplementary Table S7 from The Innate Immune Landscape of dMMR/MSI Cancers Predicts the Outcome of Nivolumab Treatment: Results from the Drug Rediscovery Protocol
Authors: Zeverijn Laurien J. , Geurts Birgit S. , Battaglia Thomas W. , van Berge Henegouwen Jade M. , de Wit Gijs F. , Hoes Louisa R. , van der Wijngaart Hanneke , van der Noort Vincent , Roepman Paul , de Leng Wendy W.J. , Jansen Anne M.L. , Chalabi Myriam , van Herpen Carla M.L. , Devriese Lot A. , Erdkamp Frans L.G. , Labots Mariette , de Jonge Maja J.A. , Kerver Emile D. , Bins Adriaan D. , Leek Lindsay V.M. , Notohardjo Jessica C.L. , van den Eertwegh Alfonsus J.M. , Wessels Lodewyk F.A. , Verheul Henk M.W. , Gelderblom Hans , van de Haar Joris , Voest Emile E.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S7. Best overall response for all evaluable patients at the time of data cut-off.
Supplementary Table S4 from Clinical Value of Liquid Biopsy in Patients with FGFR2 Fusion–Positive Cholangiocarcinoma During Targeted Therapy
Authors: González-Medina Alberto , Vila-Casadesús Maria , Gomez-Rey Marina , Fabregat-Franco Carles , Sierra Alexandre , Tian Tian V. , Castet Florian , Castillo Gloria , Matito Judit , Martinez Paola , Miquel Josep M. , Nuciforo Paolo , Pérez-López Raquel , Macarulla Teresa , Vivancos Ana
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S4. Clinicopathological characteristics of blinded cohort patients.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Clinical Value of Liquid Biopsy in Patients with FGFR2 Fusion–Positive Cholangiocarcinoma During Targeted Therapy
Authors: González-Medina Alberto , Vila-Casadesús Maria , Gomez-Rey Marina , Fabregat-Franco Carles , Sierra Alexandre , Tian Tian V. , Castet Florian , Castillo Gloria , Matito Judit , Martinez Paola , Miquel Josep M. , Nuciforo Paolo , Pérez-López Raquel , Macarulla Teresa , Vivancos Ana
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure S4. Analysis of different hybrid-capture probes.
Data from Transcriptional Phenocopies of Deleterious KEAP1 Mutations Correlate with Survival Outcomes in Lung Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy
Authors: Scalera Stefano , Ricciuti Biagio , Marinelli Daniele , Mazzotta Marco , Cipriani Laura , Bon Giulia , Schiavoni Giulia , Terrenato Irene , Di Federico Alessandro , Alessi Joao V. , Fanciulli Maurizio , Ciuffreda Ludovica , De Nicola Francesca , Goeman Frauke , Caravagna Giulio , Santini Daniele , De Maria Ruggero , Cappuzzo Federico , Ciliberto Gennaro , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Awad Mark M. , McGranahan Nicholas , Maugeri-Saccà Marcello
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Co-occurring mutations in KEAP1 and STK11/KRAS have emerged as determinants of survival outcomes in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immunotherapy. However, these mutational contexts identify a fraction of nonresponders to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We hypothesized that KEAP1 wild-type tumors recapitulate the transcriptional footprint of KEAP1 mutations and that this KEAPness phenotype can determine immune responsiveness with higher precision compared to mutation-based models.
Experimental Design:
The Cancer Genome Atlas was used to infer the KEAPness phenotype and explore its immunological correlates at the pan-cancer level. The association between KEAPness and survival outcomes was tested in two independent cohorts of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with immunotherapy and profiled by RNA sequencing (SU2C n = 153; OAK/POPLAR n = 439). The NSCLC TRACERx421 multiregion sequencing study (tumor regions, n = 947) was used to investigate evolutionary trajectories.
Results:
KEAPness-dominant tumors represented 50% of all NSCLCs and were associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to KEAPness-free cases in independent cohorts of patients with NSCLC treated with immunotherapy (SU2C PFS P = 0.042, OS P = 0.008; OAK/POPLAR PFS P = 0.0014, OS P < 0.001). Patients with KEAPness tumors had survival outcomes comparable to those with KEAP1-mutant tumors. In the TRACERx421, KEAPness exhibited limited transcriptional intratumoral heterogeneity and immune exclusion, resembling the KEAP1-mutant disease. This phenotypic state occurred across genetically divergent tumors, exhibiting shared and private cancer genes under positive selection when compared to KEAP1-mutant tumors.
Conclusions:
We identified a KEAPness phenotype across evolutionary divergent tumors. KEAPness outperforms mutation-based classifiers as a biomarker of inferior survival outcomes in patients with NSCLC treated with immunotherapy.
Supplementary Figure legends from Anti-Claudin-2 Antibody–Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis
Authors: Tabariès Sébastien , Robert Alma , Marcil Anne , Ling Binbing , Acchione Mauro , Lippens Julie , Pagé Martine , Fortin Annie , Meury Luc , Coutu Mathieu , Annis Matthew G. , Girondel Charlotte , Navarre Julie , Jaramillo Maria , Moraitis Anna N. , Siegel Peter M.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure legends
Figure S9 from Characterization of AB598, a CD39 Enzymatic Inhibitory Antibody for the Treatment of Solid Tumors
Authors: Anderson Amy E. , Parashar Kaustubh , Jin Ke , Clor Julie , Stagnaro Carlo E. , Vani Urvi , Singh Jaskirat , Chen Ada , Guan Yihong , Talukdar Priyanka , Sathishkumar Pavithra , Juat Damie J. , Singh Hema , Kushwaha Ritu , Zhao Xiaoning , Kaplan Angelo , Seitz Lisa , Walters Matthew J. , Fernandez-Salas Ester , Walker Nigel P.C. , Bowman Christine E.
Published: October 2024

Figure S9