bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trust and Ethnic Attitudes as Elements of Regional Social Capital
Authors: Ryzhova Svetlana V.
Published: July 2019

Based on research conducted in eight Russian regions, trust and ethnic attitudes are analyzed as parts of regional social capital. It is concluded that in communities with a high level of ethnicity bonding (according to R. Putnam), social capital helps to sustain their cultural identity, while bridging social capital creates the conditions for the formation of the civil society. Intra-ethnic trust, ethnic solidarity, actualized ethnic identity and ethnopolitical mobilization are analyzed as parts of the bonding social capital. Inter-ethnic and generalized trust, trust in neighbors and colleagues, ethnic tolerance and readiness for the integration of migrants are considered as elements of bridging social capital. Ethnic diversity of Russian society can be converted into social capital, however, these processes occur unevenly in different regions. Ethnic solidarity is the most influential element of bonding social capital, it is made manifest from 70% in Tatarstan to 95% in Astrakhan region. Bridging social capital is more differentiated. For example, figures for such elements as trust in neighbors and colleagues and readiness for the integration of migrants in Moscow and Moscow region are much lower than in other regions. At the same time, it is in Moscow that generalized trust as the key element of the bridging social capital is actively involved in the formation of ethnic tolerance. In order for the democracy attitudes and civil structures to be successfully established in the regional communities, there should be a balance between intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic trust together with high level of confidence in the regional and local governments, as well as in the judiciary system. But the development of the civic culture is still lagging behind the cultural level of inter-ethnic trust: in all the regions under analysis, confidence in regional and local authorities is below the level of the inter-ethnic trust.
Social Conditionality of Adolescent Health in a Temporary Aspect
Authors: Zhuravleva Irina V. , Lakomova Nina V.
Published: July 2019

The article touches upon the problem of improving adolescent health. Its current state does not meet the needs of the society in the substantial health improvement of this social group. The results of two “Adolescent health and the environment” studies (repeated cohort studies, 1996 and 2017) have served as the information base for the article. Their special feature is a common sample object (adolescents aged 13–16 years old), single program, identical samples, geographically close regions and time interval (20 years). The proposed approach is aimed at searching links between sociological parameters of health, such as self-assessment of health, health awareness, health consciousness, motives for that and health behavior, and the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. According to the study, changes in the attitudes and values with regard to health influence the increased attention to health and self-assessment of health. Despite the continuous radical changes in the society’s life, the psychosocial state of adolescent is characterized by certain stability of key lifestyle parameters in terms of time. As for their positive and negative attitudinal and behavioral changes, they are the result of the state social policy in the field of health. Active promotion of healthy lifestyle in recent decades has transformed into a change in attitudes related to smoking and motives for health care. Less attention to the environmental problems at the state level has led to less concern about these issues among young people. While disease incidence among adolescents is characterized by negative trends, positive experience of the social policy in the sphere of health is the basis for positive changes in this field. The introduction of health lessons for schoolchildren to the educational standard could be the influential component. This would provide a long-term effect of health promotion in Russia.
The Collocation Analysis of Twilight New Moon Novel
Authors: Jimmi Jimmi , Sidauruk Juniato , Suprihatin Titin
Published: July 2019

Nowadays in globalization era, being able to communicate in a foreign language is of paramount importance due to its role in seeking for jobs and scholarships. Translation, belonging to English for Specific Purposes, is a challenging and interesting skill to be mastered. Because of i ts rel ati ve di f fi cul ti es, it needs serious attention and concentration. The core of translation is a transfer of a message without any words missing, especially the meaning. The translator shall then be careful in replacing the words from Source Language to the Target Language. In translation, some problems appear like the usage of collocation in the novel Twilight New Moon. The author mostly uses collocation in the novel. Meanwhile, the translator translates the novel not only using word by word method, but also modulation method and the context of sentence. The use of collocation in novel makes readers find it easy to understand its meaning and acquire its message.
Dominant Language Learning Strategies Used by Managemen Dakwah Department Students at UIN MATARAM
Authors: Muslimin Afif Ikhwanul
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne of the prominent skills to be acquired by English language learners is Language learning strategies (LLSs) which is significant to enhance communicative competence. Individual’s differences in using the strategies depict their understanding on LLSs. An interesting fact on the result of Manajemen Dakwah Department Students (MDDSs) at State Islamic University (UIN) of Mataram in the odd semester of academic year 2018-2019 was 64 students got higher average English scores in their final test (88) compared to their middle test (65) that might reflect different use of LLS. The English subject was focusing on reading comprehension. Furthermore, descriptive qualitative case study was applied to record the dominant LLSs used by ten successful students or achievers in English class who has the criteria of achieving English score above 90. Three instruments were used to gather data, they are: documentation, questionnaire, and interview. The result shows that students used all LLSs and creating their own learning opportunities. Only HN that did not use social strategy though he used all other strategies. It means that successful MDDSs believe that exactly all LLSs are significant for elevating their language learning. Another result shows that the dominant LLSs which were used are compensation as they are good guesser for the unfamiliar words, memory strategy since they always try to memorize to retain the vocabulary in mind, and metacognitive strategy where they always create best setting for them to learn.

Keywords: Language Learning Strategies, MDDSs, Dominant LLSs, English Scores.
Atividade anti fúngica do α-terpinen sobre Candida albicans
Authors: Coradi Tonon Caroline , Serignoli Francisconi Renata , Maquera Huacho Patricia M. , Ferreira Correia Marília , Ferreira Bordini Ester Alves , Orlandi Sardi Janaina de Cássia , Palomari Spolidorio Denise M.
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: avaliar a atividade antifúngica do α- terpinen sobre culturas planctonicas e biofi lme de Candida albicans. Material e Métodos: Primeiramente, foi determinada a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) do α-terpinen sobre microrganismos planctônicos. A Nistatina foi utilizada como controle positivo. Biofi lme de Candida albicans foi desenvolvido e, após o tratamento com diferentes concentrações de α-terpinen, foi quantifi cado em UFC/mL, além da atividade metabólica das células ser avaliada por XTT. Resultados: a menor concentração capaz de inibir o crescimento (CIM) foi 0,2 % para o α-terpinen e 4 μg/mL para a Nistatina. Na CIM, os resultados mostraram que a partir da concentração 0,05 % de α-terpinen e 2 μg/mL de Nistatina houve diminuição de C.albicans quando comparado ao controle. A CFM foi para α-terpinen 0,2 % e Nistatina 8 μg/mL. Na quantifi cação as concentrações efi cazes foram de α-terpinen (0,1%) e Nistatina (128μg/mL), e no teste do XTT, observou-se que α –terpinen (0,1%) e Nistatina (256μg/mL) diminuem a viabilidade quando comparado com o controle. Conclusão: Assim, pode-se afi rmar que α-terpineol pode ser uma alternativa para tratamento de infecções fúngicas.
Rasgos tomográficos de los septos del seno maxilar en pacientes de la clínica dental docente de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Authors: Cruz Sánchez Rosa Elizabeth , Evangelista Alva Alexis , Quezada Márquez Milushka Miroslava
Published: July 2019

Los septos del seno maxilar son variantes anatómicas que se forman como resultado de los residuos de la hipoplasia en diferentes áreas del proceso alveolar siendo de forma, tamaño y número variable. Su hallazgo se puede realizar mediante radiografías panorámicas de rutina. La importancia de un septo en el seno maxilar es que puede generar modificaciones para las cirugías, pudiendo ser necesario abrir dos o más ventanas quirúrgicas para su remoción.Objetivo: La finalidad de este estudio fue analizar los rasgos tomográficos de los septos del seno maxilar en pacientes que asistieron entre los años 2014 – 2016 a la clínica dental docente de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Materiales y métodos: Esta investigación fue de tipo transversal y descriptivo, para ello se examinaron 813 tomografías computarizadas volumétricas. La prueba de chi cuadrado y la estadística descriptiva se usaron para el análisis, con un intervalo de confianza al 95%, con un valor p ˂ 0.05. Resultados: 298 pacientes presentaron septos, presentando mayor porcentaje los septos congénitos (69.2%) y fueron más comunes en pacientes de sexo femenino con un 36%. Conclusiones: prevalecieron los septos de tipo congénito, lo que indica que se formaron a partir del desarrollo radicular.
Diagnóstico, plan de tratamiento y restauración de un diente con el síndrome del diente fisurado: reporte de caso y seguimiento de siete años
Authors: Martins Leite Murillo , Faquim Rodrigues Paula Cicília , Souza João Batista , Esteves Barata Terezinha Jesus , Gonzaga Lopes Lawrence
Published: July 2019

Se describe y reporta el diagnóstico, tipo de tratamiento y seguimiento de un caso con el síndrome del diente fisurado. Una paciente de 26 años acusaba sensibilidad a los cambios térmicos y a la oclusión en el lado izquierdo de la mandíbula. Al examen clínico se observó dos grietas o fisuras pigmentadas en las superficies bucales y linguales de la pieza 36. La colocación de una restauración directa con resina compuesta resolvió los síntomas y alivió por completo el dolor. Dicha situación persistió incluso en el control realizado 7 años después. El diagnóstico y tratamiento para el caso descrito dio como resultado un completo alivio y mantenimiento de la situación alcanzada siete años después.
ANALISIS PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP CEMARAN TIMBAL DALAM KANGKUNG DI PASAR TRADISIONAL DAN MODERN KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Putri Dini Arista , Rosyada Amrina , Arinda Ditia Fitri
Published: July 2019

Kangkung merupakan sayuran yang digemari masyarakat Indonesia pada umumnya. Di dalam kangkung terdapat kandungan logam berat seperti timbal. Timbal dapat masuk ke dalam kangkung melalui tanah, udara dan air yang ada disekitar tempat tumbuhnya tanaman kangkung. Timbal yang terakumulasi secara terus menerus dalam tubuh manusia dapat menyebabkan terganggunya kesehatan sehingga munculnya penyakit dari yang ringan sampai yang berat. Penelitian ini merupakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional dengan menggunakan analisis uji-t dan rank Spearman rho dengan jumlah sampel 60 responden dan 60 sampel kangkung di pasar tradisional dan modern kota Palembang, serta pegujian kadar timbal dalam kangkung menggunkan alat AAS. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan sebagian besar Kangkung yang diperiksa menggunakan alat AAS memiliki kadar timbal yang melebihi nilai 0,05  mg/kg (81,57%) dan Variabel pekerjaan memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan persepsi cemaran timbal di dalam kangkung (sig 0,045). Sehingga sebaiknya dilakukan penyuluhan mengenai cemaran lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi masuknya timbal di dalam kangkung.
Developing an ANFIS-PSO Based Model to Estimate Mercury Emission in Combustion Flue Gases
Authors: Shahab Shahab , Baghban Alireza , Hadipoor Masoud
Published: July 2019

Mercury content in the output gas from boilers was predicted using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Input parameters were selected from coal characteristics and the operational configuration of boilers. The ANFIS approach is capable of developing a nonlinear model to represent the dependency of flue gas mercury content into the specifications of coal and also the boiler type. In this study, operational information from 82 power plants has been gathered and employed to educate and examine the proposed ANFIS model. Resulted values from the model were compared to the collected data and it indicates that the model possesses an extraordinary level of precision with a correlation coefficient of unity. The MARE% for training and testing parts were 0.003266 and 0.013272, respectively. Furthermore, relative errors between acquired data and predicted values were between -0.25% and 0.1% which confirm the accuracy of PSO-ANFIS model.
Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Total Phenolics from Citrus aurantium L. Blossoms and Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging, Anti-HMG-CoA Reductase Activities
Authors: Hao Kexin , Hu Wenzhong , Hou Mengyang , Cao Duo , Wang Yu , Guan Qingxin , Zhang Xiufu , Wang Aosheng , Yu Jiaoxue , Guo Binmei
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to develop an ultrasonic-assisted procedure for the extraction of total phenolics from Citrus aurantium L. blossoms (CAB) and evaluate the free radical scavenging activity, anti-HMG-CoA reductase activity of total phenolics. In this work, a Box-Behnken design based on the single-factor experiments was used to explore the optimum extraction process. Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent 70.31% ethanol, extraction temperature 61.94 °C, extraction time 51.73 min and liquid-to-solid ratio 35.63 mL/g), the extraction yield of total phenolics was 95.84 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry matter (DM), which was highly consistent with the theoretical value (96.12 mg GAE/g DM). The total phenolic extract showed excellent free radical scavenging properties against DPPH·, ABTS+·, ·OH and ·O2-, with the IC50 values of 197.007, 83.878, 218.643 and 158.885 μg/mL, respectively, and the extracts also showed good inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity, with the IC50 value of 117.165 μg/mL. Total phenolics from CAB could be a potential source of natural free radical scavenger and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
Tumor Angiogenic Inhibition Triggered Necrosis (TAITN) in Oral Cancer
Authors: Yoshida Saori , Kawai Hotaka , Eguchi Taka , Sukegawa Shintaro , Oo May , Anqi Chang , Takabatake Kiyofumi , Nakano Keisuke , Okamoto Kuniaki , Nagatsuka Hitoshi
Published: July 2019

CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor crucial in tumor progression, although the angiogenic role of CXCR4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been investigated. Here we show that CXCR4 is crucial for tumor angiogenesis thereby supports tumor survival in OSCC. Immunohistochemistry on human clinical specimens revealed that CXCR4 and a tumor vasculature marker CD34 were co-distributed in tumor vessels in human OSCC specimens. To ask the effects of CXCR4 inhibition, we treated the OSCC-xenografted mice with AMD3100, so-called plerixafor, an antagonist of CXCR4. Notably, we found a unique pathophysiological structure defined as Tumor Angiogenic Inhibition Triggered Necrosis (TAITN) induced by the CXCR4 antagonism. Treatment with AMD3100 increased necrotic area with the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the xenografted tumors, suggesting that AMD3100-induced TAITN was involved in hypoxia and ischemia. Taken together, we demonstrated that CXCR4 plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis required for OSCC progression, whereas TAITN induced by CXCR4 antagonism could be an effective anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategy in OSCC treatment.
Comparison of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Fifteen Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. ‘Hangbaiju’ in China
Authors: Gong Jinyan , Chu Bingquan , Gong Lingxiao , Fang Zhongxiang , Zhang Xiaoxu , Qiu Shaoping , Wang Jingjing , Xiang Yali , Xiao Gongnian , Yuan Haina , Zheng Fuping
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the phenolic compounds of 15 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. ‘Hangbaiju’, including 6 ‘Duoju’ and 9 ‘Taiju’ using high performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activities of these ‘Hangbaiju’ were estimated by DPPH, ABTS and FPAR assays. Results showed that a total of 14 phenolic compounds were detected in these flowers, including 3 mono-caffeoylquinic acids, 3 di-caffeoylquinic acids, 1 phenolic acid and 7 flavonoids. ‘Duoju’ and ‘Taiju’ possessed different concentration of phenolic compounds, and ‘Taiju’ exhibited higher caffeoylquinic acids and stronger antioxidant activities than ‘Duoju’. Caffeoylquinic acids showed a strong correlation with the antioxidant activities of the samples. Principal component analysis revealed an obvious separation between ‘Duoju’ and ‘Taiju’ using phenolic compounds as variables. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, luteolin and acacetin were found to be the key phenolic compounds to differentiate ‘Duoju’ from ‘Taiju’.
Variable Cant Angle Winglets for Improvement of Aircraft Flight Performance
Authors: Guerrero Joel , Wittkowski Kevin , Sanguineti Marco
Published: July 2019

Traditional winglets are designed as fixed devices attached at the tips of the wings. The primary purpose of the winglets is to reduce the lift-induced drag, therefore improving aircraft performance and fuel efficiency. However, because winglets are fixed surfaces, they cannot be used to control lift-induced drag reductions or to obtain the largest lift-induced drag reductions at different flight conditions (take-off, climb, cruise, loitering, descent, approach, landing, and so on). In this work, we propose the use of variable cant angle winglets which could potentially allow aircraft to get the best all-around performance (in terms of lift-induced drag reduction), at different flight phases. By using computational fluid dynamics, we study the influence of the winglet cant angle and sweep angle on the performance of a benchmark wing at Mach numbers of 0.3 and 0.8395. The results obtained demonstrate that by adjusting the cant angle, the aerodynamic performance can be improved at different flight conditions.
Effects of Grazing Management on Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity of Soil Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Grasslands and Rangelands: Monitoring, Modelling and Upscaling
Authors: Wang Junye
Published: July 2019

The sustainability of grazing lands lies in the nexus of human consumption behavior, livestock productivity, and environmental sustainability. Due to fast growing global food demands, many grazing lands have suffered from overgrazing, leading to soil degradation, air and water pollution, and biodiversity losses. Multidisciplinary efforts are required to understand how grazing lands can be better monitored, assessed and managed to attain predictable outcomes of optimal benefit to society. This paper synthesizes our understanding based on previous work done on impacts of grazing on ecosystem goods and services, identifies current knowledge gaps, and formulates a plan forward. We review the impacts of two contrasting grazing systems, continuous and multi-paddock rotational grazing, on soil carbon (C), nutrient cycling and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). We then extend our review to explore challenges of incorporating spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability into monitoring and modelling C and nutrient cycling in grazing lands. We revisit two process-based models (i.e., DNDC and DayCent) and two watershed models (i.e., SWAT and VIC) widely used to simulate C, nutrient and water cycles of these lands. Finally we identify research directions for improving the knowledge base which is essential to conserve grazing lands and maintain their ecosystem goods and services.
An Efficient FPGA-based Frequency Shifter for LTE/LTE-A Systems
Authors: Pereira de Figueiredo Felipe Augusto
Published: July 2019

The Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) plays an important role in LTE and LTE-A systems. It is through the PRACH channel that the user equipment (UE), based on eNodeB's timing estimates, aligns its uplink transmissions to the eNodeB's uplink and gain access to the network. One of the initial operations executed by the PRACH receiver at eNodeB side is the translation of the PRACH signal back to base band, $i.e.$, center the PRACH signal around DC. This operation is a necessary step for preamble detection and can be carried out through a time-domain frequency shift operation. Therefore, in this paper we present the hardware architecture and implementation details of a configurable and optimized FPGA-based time-domain frequency shifter. It is a hardware-efficient and accurate architecture for converting the relevant received PRACH signal into base band before further signal processing. The architecture is manly based on a customized Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO), which is used for generating complex exponentials employing only adders, a Look-Up Table (LUT) and plain logic resources. The main advantage of the proposed hardware architecture is that it completely eliminates the need for storing a large number of long complex exponential sequences by employing a single LUT and exploiting quarter wave symmetry of the basis waveform. Our simulation results show that the proposed customized NCO architecture provides high Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) signals using a minimal amount of FPGA resources. Moreover, the proposed architecture exhibits spur-suppression ranging from 62.13 to 153.58 dB without using Taylor Series correction.
Influence of Selected Abiotic Factors on Triterpenoid Biosynthesis and Saponin Secretion in Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) in vitro Hairy Root Cultures
Authors: Alsoufi Abdulwadood Shakir Mahmood , Pączkowski Cezary , Długosz Marek , Szakiel Anna
Published: July 2019

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the efficiency of selected abiotic elicitors, i.e. silver and cadmium ions, ultrasound, and UV-C irradiation, in the stimulation of triterpenoid biosynthesis, accumulation, and saponin secretion in Calendula officinalis hairy root cultures. Apart from the possible enhancement of triterpenoid production, the relationship between primary and secondary metabolism (represented respectively by sterols and pentacyclic triterpenes), modifications of the sterol compositional profile, and fluctuations in the total triterpenoid content were monitored in the performed experiments. The main phenomenon observed as a response to heavy metal treatment was the stimulation (up to 12-fold) of the secretion of saponins, accompanied by significant changes in sterol composition. Ultrasound stimulated the secretion of saponins (up to 11-fold); however, it exerted diverse influences on the triterpenoid content in hairy root tissue (stimulating or decreasing) depending on the duration of the exposure to the elicitor. UV-C radiation caused a slight increase in the content of both sterols and saponins in hairy root tissue, and stimulated saponin secretion up to 8.5-fold. The expected symptoms of the competition between the biosynthetic pathways of sterols and pentacyclic triterpenoids were less evident in reactions to abiotic stressors than those reported previously for biotic elicitors
Evolutionary Analysis of Rett Syndrome-Causing Proteins and Their Pathogenic Missense Point Mutations: Structural Order–Disorder, Post-Translational Modifications, Evolutionary Rates, and Interacting Proteins
Authors: Fahmi Muhamad , Yasui Gen , Seki Kaito , Katayama Syouichi , Kaneko-Kawano Takako , Inazu Tetsuya , Kubota Yukihiko , Ito Masahiro
Published: July 2019

Rett syndrome (RTT) is mainly caused by mutations in methyl CpG-binding protein 2, cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5, or forkhead box protein G1. These RTT-causing proteins harbor an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) whose conformation exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity, which not only confer versatility to the protein, but also implicates them in diseases. The IDR generally evolves more rapidly than an ordered structure. In this study, we examined the relationship between pathogenic RTT-associated point mutations in RTT-causing proteins and the evolutionary dynamics of sequence features including structural order–disorder, phosphorylation sites, and evolutionary rates. We also analyzed the molecular properties and evolution of proteins that interact with RTT-causing proteins in terms of phylogenetic profiles, tissue specificity, subcellular localization, expression level, and functions. The results indicate that constrained IDRs may function by forming contacts with other regions in the protein sequence causing pathogenic missense mutations likely to arise in the rapidly evolving IDR and affect molecular networks, leading to disease. The results also provide novel insights into the genetic basis for RTT and the evolution of the neocortex in higher vertebrates.
Public Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities: A Sustainable Domestic Water Management Strategy in Tanzania
Authors: Lufingo Mesia
Published: July 2019

Water supply is a mandatory service for Tanzanians from respective legal public water utilities, and their sustainability reflects implementations of best management strategies at a local level. The objective of this study was to assess current approaches used in water quality and quantity management in Tanzania. This was achieved through secondary water data tends, on-site water quality assessments, visits of respective water supply and sanitation authorities, and assessment of their performances. It was observed that water supplied in rural-based authorities was quite different from that supplied in an urban setting as far as quality and quantity is concerned, urban-based supplies being of assistance to users over rural ones. A new strategy on water management is presented for sustainable water supply in Tanzania; it is based on controlling groundwater abstractions and preference of surface water in public water supplies. Rural water supply management must learn several practices realized at urban supplies for the betterment of respective majority water users.
Fatores que envolvem a motivação entre técnicos e docentes de uma autarquia federal em um ambiente multigeracional
Authors: Coêlho Adriano Pereira Grandal , Costa Stella Regina Reis da
Published: July 2019

As tradicionais medidas motivadoras, de premiar ou punir trabalhadores, apenas surtem um efeito paliativo de curto prazo, porém, várias organizações, mesmo conhecendo as teorias motivacionais, que vão muito além destas tradicionais medidas, não conseguem introduzi-las, ficando muitas vezes suas ações apenas no discurso teórico e, por não serem aplicadas adequadamente, acabam tendo um efeito contrário, gerando o desapontamento e o desânimo dos empregados.  Este efeito pode ser agravado quando o ambiente multigeracional não é considerado. O presente artigo objetiva comparar a motivação dos servidores técnicos e docentes da educação em um ambiente multigeracional, através de um estudo de caso, utilizando o método quantitativo com questionário de perguntas fechadas. A análise dos resultados, sob a ótica de Teorias Motivacionais, mostrou pontos a serem melhorados pela gestão de pessoas, como necessidade de lideranças carismáticas, melhores condições de trabalho, reconhecimento dos servidores, treinamento e capacitação. O ambiente multigeracional apresentou uma distribuição equilibrada de gerações entre os técnicos, contudo entre os docentes a distribuição das idades foi irregular, o que evidencia, dentre outros fatores, uma falta de renovação, com a não entrada de novos professores.
Development of Nankhatai - A Nutrient Rich Gluten Free Food
Authors: Gautam Monica , Tanwar Beenu
Published: July 2019

The present study attempted to develop a nutrient rich, low cost gluten free snacknankhatai - a baked traditional authentic sweet, for patients suffering from gluten sensitivity and celiac disease, using finger millets and legume flours in different proportions to the standard recipe in order to provide a healthy alternative to the health conscious individuals and celiac patients. These grains were selected for their balanced nutritional profile and being gluten free, as a lifelong adherence to gluten free diet is the only available treatment for celiac patients. Nankhatai were prepared by incorporating Ragi (finger millet) and Besan (chickpea flour) in different proportions. Three sample products were prepared from the flour blends: Chickpea (Besan) flour (BF) and Ragi flour (RF) by mixing them in the percentage proportions: 100:00, 90:10 and 75:25 (BF:RF, BF:RF, BF:RF). The nankhatais so formulated were evaluated for their nutrient content viz. moisture, ash, fibre, carbohydrates, fat, protein, calcium and iron. Sensory analysis, on a 9- point hedonic scale was also performed to assess their acceptability. The nutritional evaluation showed significant difference in nutrient content, an increase in nutritive value was observed with increase in proportion of chickpea flour. The result of the sensory evaluation revealed that sample “AA”(BF:RF=100:00) was most acceptable with a score of 7.37, closely followed by sample “AB” (BF:RF=90:10) with a score of 7.27 while “AC” (BF:RF=75:25) was least acceptable with a score of 6.61 and it is also a cost effective product. Nankhatais showed high protein content 4.08%, also their calcium and iron content were significantly high at 8.13% and 4%, respectively. Nutrient and sensory analysis reveal that the baked product can be introduced as a healthy snack for celiac patients as well as for weight watchers and individuals suffering from diabetes.This value added product had high protein and mineral content, especially, calcium and iron content were significant. This health promoting functional food product serves as an ideal snack for celiac patients, ensuring well being of people suffering from gluten intolerance.
Development of Wheatgrass Powder Enriched Health Foods with Enhanced Free Radical Scavenging Activity
Authors: Devi Chingakham Basanti , Bains Kiran , Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Amarjeet
Published: July 2019

Wheatgrass at young green stage is a powerhouse of nutrients and phytochemicals. Its various formulations are available in the form of extracts or powders used as health supplements. However, there is a huge potential of utilization for wheatgrass in the development of health foods for general good health as well as cure of disorders like metabolic syndrome, cancer, thalassemia, aneamia etc. With an aim to develop wheatgrass enriched health foods, the wheatgrass powder could be incorporated up to 10% in chapati and biscuits and up to 5% in bread without compromising the overall acceptability of the products. The free radical scavenging activity of chapati, biscuits and bread were increased significantly (p<0.05) at the optimized levels of enrichment of wheatgrass powder in these products. Food sprinkler enriched with 50% wheatgrass powder enhanced the free radical scavenging activity of the spices by 26% without affecting the sensory attributes of the product. Hence, these wheatgrass powder enriched health foods may possess health promoting properties owing to their high antioxidant activity.
Entrepreneurial attitudes of humanities students - international perspective (Spain, Poland, Norway)
Authors: Jarmużek Joanna , Cytlak Izabela
Published: July 2019

The aim of the publication is to show the importance of academic entrepreneurship classes in the process of effective education of humanistic studies students and the role of entrepreneurship university centers in the process of maximizing and accelerating the career opportunities. In the process of designing the research we decided to examine the entrepreneurship attitudes, knowledge and past experiences of students in Spain, Norway and Poland at the bachelor level of humanistic studies. Entrepreneurship classes are compulsory at this level of studies due to Bologna strategy. 249 students from the three countries BA level filled out the questionnaire. We initially examined the dependence of chosen variables in order to point out the features, which might help students to initiate their own business.El objetivo de la publicación es mostrar la importancia de las clases de emprendimiento académico en el proceso de educación efectiva de los estudiantes de estudios humanísticos y el papel de los centros universitarios de emprendimiento en el proceso de maximizar y acelerar las oportunidades de carrera. En el proceso de diseño de la investigación, decidimos examinar las actitudes empresariales, el conocimiento y las experiencias pasadas de los estudiantes en España, Noruega y Polonia a nivel de licenciatura en estudios humanísticos. Las clases de emprendimiento son obligatorias en este nivel de estudios debido a la estrategia de Bolonia. 249 estudiantes de los tres países de nivel BA completaron el cuestionario. Inicialmente, examinamos la dependencia de las variables elegidas para señalar las características, lo que podría ayudar a los estudiantes a iniciar su propio negocio.
Overweight and Obesity Among School-aged Children and Maternal Preventive Practices against Childhood Obesity in Select Local Government Areas of Lagos, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Adeniyi Oluwafunmilayo Funke , Fagbenro Gabriel T. , Olatona Foluke A.
Published: July 2019

Background: Childhood obesity is an emerging epidemic in the developing countries, particularly in the urban settings. This study examines the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children and the maternal preventive practices against childhood obesity.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of school-aged children aged 6-13 years and mothers from two Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select study areas and participants, while data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. The Body Mass Index (BMI) of children were determined using the World Health Organisation (WHO) 2007 reference charts. Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with the nutritional status and maternal childhood obesity preventive practices. All analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.

Results: In all, 440 children comprising of 232 boys (52.7%) and 208 girls (42.3%) were studied. Of these, 29 of the participants (6.6%) were overweight, while 39 of them (8.9%) were obese. Most of the children (71.2%) consumed root/tubers and processed cereals while 9 (0.02%) and (17) 0.04% consumed fruits and vegetables. BMI was only significantly related to child age and sex. In all, 243 mothers (55.2%) had good practices against childhood obesity. Levels of maternal preventive practices were not significantly associated with child BMI.

Conclusions and Global Health Implications: Overweight/obesity among school-aged children in Lagos is high. Only half of the mothers were involved in preventive practices against childhood obesity. There is need for continuous education and advocacy concerning healthy diet and other preventive strategies against childhood obesity in Lagos, and potentially other parts of the developing world.

Key words: • Overweight • Obesity • School-age children • Childhood Maternal preventive practices • Lagos • Nigeria

 

Copyright © 2019 Adeniyi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Editorial
Authors: Otero Injoque Jaime Ignacio
Published: July 2019

El crecimiento que experimenta la carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur favorece su consolidación en el medio y genera una serie retos, frente a los cuales, desde el interior de la institución, se reconoce a la investigación como un eje muy importante. Dicha línea de acción surge no solamente porque el mencionado concepto es el núcleo mismo de la naturaleza científica de nuestra disciplina, sino también porque así lo sustentan las tendencias del ámbito de la garantía de la calidad educativa y el marco legal...
A Sense of Place: Transcriptomics Identifies Environmental Signatures in Cabernet Sauvignon Berry Skins in the Late Stages of Ripening.
Authors: Cramer Grant R. , Cochetel Noé , Ghan Ryan , Destrac-Irvine Agnès , Delrot Serge
Published: July 2019

Background: Grape berry ripening is influenced by climate, the main component of the “terroir” of a place. Light and temperature are major factors in the vineyard that affect berry development and fruit metabolite composition. Results: To better understand the effect of “place” on berry ripening, transcript abundances in Cabernet Sauvignon berries grown in Bordeaux were compared to those in Reno during the late stages of berry development at similar berry sugar levels (19 to 26 °Brix, total soluble solids (TSS)). Day lengths were similar in both locations but day temperatures were warmer and night temperatures were cooler in Reno. TSS was lower in Bordeaux berries compared to Reno at maturity levels considered optimum for harvest. RNA-seq analysis identified 4,455 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Bordeaux and Reno grape skins at 22°Brix. Top DEG gene ontology categories involved response to stimulus (1464 genes), biosynthesis (1260 genes) and response to stress (834 genes). Some DEGS included genes encoding terpene synthases, cell wall enzymes, kinases, transporters, transcription factors and photoreceptors. Most circadian clock genes had higher transcript abundance in Bordeaux. The plant temperature sensor phytochrome B was linked with Reveille 1 expression, which is part of the circadian clock output pathway that affects seed dormancy. Bordeaux berries had higher transcript abundance with DEGs associated with seed dormancy, light, auxin, ethylene signaling, powdery mildew infection, phenylpropanoid, carotenoid and terpenoid metabolism, whereas Reno berries were enriched with DEGs involved in water deprivation, cold response, ABA signaling and Fe homeostasis. Conclusions: Transcript abundance profiles in the berry skins at maturity were highly dynamic. RNA-seq analysis identified a common core set of ripening genes that do not depend on rootstock, vineyard management, plant age, soil and climatic conditions. Most DEGs could be associated with different environmental conditions that affected the berries in the two locations and may be potentially controlled in different ways by the vinegrower to adjust final berry composition and reach a desired result. Temperature, light, water status and fungal infection were identified to be some of the most influential factors that affected differential gene expression and the quality trait pathways associated with them.
Prevalence and determinants of test anxiety among medical students in Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Light Tsegaye , Shumet Shegaye , Gebreegzihabhier Gebrselassie , Ayano Getinet , Damene Woynabeba
Published: July 2019

Abstarct Background Worldwide, problematic test anxiety is a common health problem among medical students. The magnitude of problematic test anxiety ranges from 25 to 40% in undergraduate medical students and has a detrimental effect on academic achievement and success of students. However, data on the prevalence of test anxiety among medical students is limited. Thus, the study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of test anxiety among medical students. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select the participants. The level of test anxiety was determined by the Westside Test Anxiety Inventory (WTAI). We utilized logistic regression to explore the association between test anxiety and the potential sociodemographic/student related characteristics among medical students. Results The study included 423 medical students. Our study resulted the prevalence of problematic test anxiety among medical students to be 52.30% (95% CI 47.40-57.30). The prevalence of test anxiety was remarkably higher in women (79.75%) than in men (33.62%) students. Female sex [AOR=3.25, 95% CI: (1.54, 6.89)], having low grade [AOR=0.11,95% CI: (0.044,0.288)], being first year [AOR=10.55,95% CI: (1.4,76.7)], excessive course load [AOR=6.128,95% CI: (2.675,14.039)], and taking oral examination [AOR=2.89,95% CI: (1.42,5.84)] were determined as some of the predicting factors of test anxiety among medical students. Additionally, lack of systemic study plan [AOR=2.4,95% CI: (1.25,4.59)], poor social support [AOR=3.6,95% CI: (1.56,8.29)], moderate social support [AOR=3.39,95% CI: (1.56,7.4)], psychologically distressed [AOR=2.68,95% CI: (1.37,5.27)] independently predicts test anxiety among medical students. Conclusion A substantial percentage of medical students had problematic test anxiety (52.30%) in Ethiopia. Female sex, having poor grade point average, being the first year, excessive course load, oral examination, lack of study plan, poor social support, moderate social support, and psychological distress were found to be the potential determinants of test anxiety. Problematic test anxiety which is found to be common among medical students deserves more attention.
Improving selectivity of DNA-RNA binding zinc finger using directed evolution
Authors: Sulej Agata Agnieszka
Published: July 2019

Objective
Type C2H2 zinc fingers bind a variety of substrates among which, are specific sequences in the double-stranded DNA. Engineering efforts led to the discovery of a set of general rules that enable obtaining zinc fingers modules that bind to almost any given sequence. The objective of this work was to determine an analogical set of rules for the binding of specific sequences in DNA-RNA hybrid using directed evolution of ZfQQR zinc finger. The target regions for evolution included the amino acid residues that directly interact with the substrate and linkers between modules of the zinc finger.
Results
The directed evolution was performed using selection based on biopanning of phage-displayed libraries of randomized regions in the ZfQQR zinc finger. The applied strategy of randomization of the middle module of the zinc finger along with input library bias and materials used for biopanning hindered the selection of modules with altered specificity. However, the directed evolution of the linker sequence between modules enabled selection of variants with improved selectivity towards DNA-RNA hybrids in the presence of double-stranded DNA in comparison to the original ZfQQR. This confirms the necessity of linker optimization between modules in zinc finger domains.
Ropivacaine 75mg versus placebo in perineal infiltration for analgesic efficacy at mid- and long-term for episiotomy repair - The ROPISIO study: a two-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: CARDAILLAC Claire , Ploteau Stéphane , Thuaut Aurélie Le , Dochez Vincent , Winer Norbert , Ducarme Guillaume
Published: July 2019

Background

Perineal pain due to episiotomy is commonly reported and can be severe enough to disturb the mother-infant dyad during the postpartum period. Its incidence at day 7 postpartum varies from 63% to 74%. Recent studies have already showed the analgesic efficacy of perineal infiltration of ropivacaine after episiotomy, but have only focused on the immediate postpartum period (at 24 and 48 hours after birth). Large, adequately powered, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate the impact of ropivacaine infiltration on perineal pain and quality of life at mid- and long-term before the widespread use of ropivacaine to prevent perineal pain after episiotomy can be recommended.

Methods

The ROPISIO study is a two-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in La Roche sur Yon and Nantes, France. It will involve 272 women with vaginal singleton delivery and mediolateral episiotomy at term (≥ 37 weeks). Perineal infiltration (ropivacaine 75mg or placebo) will be administrated just after vaginal birth and before episiotomy repair. The primary outcome will be the analgesic efficacy at day 7 postpartum (mid-term), defined by the numerical scale of pain (ENS) strictly superior to 3/10 on the perineal repair area. Secondary outcomes will be the analgesic efficacy (ENS), the impact of pain on daily behavior, on the quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey), on the occurrence of symptoms of postpartum depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and on sexuality (Female Sexual Function Index) at 3 and 6 months (long-term) using validated online questionnaires. This study will have 90% power to show a 30% reduction in the incidence of perineal pain at day 7, from 70.0% to 50.0%.

Discussion

This study will investigate if perineal ropivacaine infiltration just after birth can reduce mid- and long-term postpartum pain and increase quality of life in women with mediolateral episiotomy. Ropivacaine was a promising candidate drug, inexpensive, easy to administer, and easy to add on the routine management of deliveries in labor ward.
Gender Differences in Quality of Life among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Results from the Study on Global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)
Authors: Lee Kyung Hee , Xu Hanzhang , Wu Bei
Published: July 2019

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is an important component of individuals’ general well-being, particularly in older adults. However, factors influencing QoL among older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have not been fully examined. Furthermore, the role of gender differences in relation to QoL in multiple LMICs has also not been examined in detail. Methods: This study used data from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Wave-1. Based on a literature review of existing works, a set of variables—an independent variable and covariates—were selected. The study sample consisted of 33,019 participants aged 50 years and above from China, Ghana, India, Russia, and South Africa. Multivariate linear regression models were estimated with the World Health Organization QoL scores as the dependent variable. To preserve the analytical sample size, multiple imputation was used to account for missing data.
Results: L The results showed that generally, male older adults reported a better QoL than female older adults across all of the countries. The associations between QoL and sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and social support factors among older adults differed according to country.
Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of QoL among older adults in LMICs, which can help prepare LMICs to better address the QoL of older adults. The results of this study can be used to develop programs to promote better living standards and services to reduce gender disparities and ultimately, to improve the QoL among older adults in LMICs.

Keywords: Quality of life, gender inequality, older adults, low- and middle-income country