bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of Sudan armed conflict and coping strategies on the mental health of the older adult internally displaced persons in Darfur camps
Authors: Musa Saif A. , Hamid Abdalla A. R. M.
Published: February 2025

Background

The war victims in Darfur witnessed the killing of relatives, rape of women, and loss of property. Studies in war-affected populations have reported high rates of mental health problems. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of the armed conflict in Sudan on the mental health of the older adult IDPs in Darfur as well as the role of coping strategies in dealing with psychological distress.

Methods

A purposive sampling technique was used to select 109 older adult internally displaced persons (Mage = 74.93; SD = 7.07). The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 28), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and a demographic survey were used to collect data.

Results

The results revealed a high prevalence (75.2%) of non-psychotic psychiatric disorders amongst the older adult IDP participants. Task-focused coping was negatively related to somatic symptoms (p < 0.01), anxiety (p < 0.05), and general distress (p < 0.01), while avoidance was negatively related to age (p < 0.05) and social dysfunction (p < 0.05). Family size was positively associated with task-focused coping (p < 0.05) and negatively associated with somatic symptoms (p < 0.05). The results further showed significant gender differences in somatic symptoms (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.05), general distress (p < 0.01), task-focused (p < 0.001) and avoidance coping (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that attention should be directed towards fostering positive coping capacity and the provision of psychosocial support services for older adult IDPs in Darfur.
Methane hydrate systems off South Makassar Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Dirgantara Feisal , Susilohadi Susilohadi , Iskandar Mohammad Andri Syahrir , Sintuwardhana Yudha Arisandhy
Published: February 2025

Previous drilling and coring efforts have confirmed the presence of methane hydrates in the deepwater Makassar Strait of Indonesia. The strait, separated into the North Makassar Basin and South Makassar Basin, is situated on the thinned Eurasian continental crust that began to rift during the Middle Eocene. While past methane hydrates studies have focused on the northern basin, the southern region lacks equivalent investigation. This research employs legacy multi-channel seismic reflection and well logs data to decipher the methane hydrate systems and associated free methane in the South Makassar Basin. Identified through the interpretation of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs), seafloor topography, and structural features on seismic reflection profiles are five primary play types: polygonal faults type, slope type, buried fold type, buried carbonate mound type, and sediment waves type. The distinctive characteristics of BSRs in this region can be summarized as follows: (1) predominantly located beneath topographic highs and basin depocenter, (2) typically displaying a series of high-amplitude dipping reflectors beneath BSRs, (3) the distribution of BSRs is not always continuous and is not always parallel to that of the seafloor, and (4) the presence of blanking reflection above BSRs is variable. These features suggest methane hydrate accumulation preferentially occurs beneath structural highs and in basin depocenters, likely due to the upward and lateral migration of buoyant, methane-rich fluids. Through the analysis of seismic amplitude distribution and reflection strength in relation to BSR depth, hydrocarbon distribution is categorized into methane-hydrate reservoirs above BSRs and free methane reservoirs below BSRs. A first-order estimation of methane resources via petrophysical approach and Monte Carlo simulation suggests approximately 105 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of methane resources.
Elucidating the knowledge, attitude, and stigma associated with tuberculosis: a community based descriptive study in Wau and Jur River, South Sudan
Authors: Marin Peter Michael , Tryland Morten , Munyeme Musso , Jubara Ambrose Samuel , Matovu Enock , Waiswa Peter , Romano Javier Sanchez , Mutebi Francis , Onafruo David , Kitale Estella , Sabbath Esther , Buhler Kayla J. , Kankya Clovice
Published: February 2025

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in South Sudan. Inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes and perceived stigma may complicate the prevention efforts. This study describes knowledge, attitude, and stigma associated with TB among communities in Wau and Jur River, South Sudan.

Methods

From March to May 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 352 community members randomly selected from residential blocks. A validated structured questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed.

Results

Out of 352 respondents, 51% (n = 180) were males and 49% (n = 172) were females. Majority 227 (64.5%) had poor knowledge about TB, meanwhile hearing about TB, age and level of education were associated factors. Fear of having TB was the major negative attitude (57.1%; n = 218), and most of the respondents (n = 327; 92.9%) had a perceived stigma towards TB, voicing that they disliked drinking or eating with people with TB and/or felt uncomfortable and kept their distance from people with TB.

Conclusions

Communities have little knowledge, negative attitude and perceived stigma towards people with TB. Hence, tailored health messages using local languages, training of community volunteers to reach villages without accessibility and communication network are essential to improve TB prevention and control in South Sudan.
Anterior clinoid process metastasis with sudden loss of vision: role of emergency optic nerve decompression
Authors: Rico-Pereira Marta , Muñoz-Hernández Fernando
Published: February 2025

Background

Anterior clinoid process metastases are rare. We present an unusual case of anterior clinoid process metastasis with sudden deterioration of visual function requiring emergency optic nerve decompression, resulting in visual recovery.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 41-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of radius leiomyosarcoma, who underwent surgery in 2014, with bone and lung metastases, who had been treated with chemotherapy and appeared to have the disease controlled at his last follow-up. 6 years later, he developed a one month history of progressive unilateral loss of visual acuity and visual field defect (initially quadrantanopia that progressed to nasal hemianopia). Brain imaging showed a contrast-enhancing lesion affecting the left anterior clinoid process with extension to the cavernous sinus and sphenoid sinus, causing compression of the left optic nerve. Although the lesion could have suggested a meningioma given the location, in the context of the patient’s oncological history, the diagnosis of metastasis was considered more likely. The patient was admitted to hospital and, during the hospital stay, developed sudden left retro-orbital pain progressing to left amaurosis over approximately 8 h. Urgent surgery was performed: a pterional craniotomy with partial tumor removal and optic nerve decompression with extradural anterior clinoidectomy. After surgery, the patient had an immediate but partial improvement in visual acuity and in the visual field defect.

Conclusions

Metastasis to the anterior clinoid process is very uncommon, with only one case previously reported in the literature. In cases of visual impairment, symptoms may deteriorate rapidly to complete loss of vision, so urgent decompressive surgery of the optic nerve may be indicated to recover visual function, although recovery may be partial.
Integrating microseismicity and low frequency DAS to characterize hydraulic fracturing.
Authors: Tegtow William , Boitz Nepomuk , Shapiro Serge A.
Published: February 2025

Hydraulic fracturing is a widely used technique for developing unconventional reservoirs. Thus, knowledge of the fracture geometry is essential to evaluate the success of a hydraulic fracturing operation. Traditionally, the spatio-temporal distribution of the microseismicity has served as a proxy for the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), based on the assumption that seismic events are triggered near the fractures. Recently, distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) have been utilized to measure strain changes resulting from hydraulic fracturing, allowing to measure fracture extends directly to some degree. By integrating DAS with microseismic data, we can validate parameters obtained from each dataset and improve our understanding of seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing. We characterize hydraulic fracture growth across 26 stages of HFTS-2 in three different directions with microseismic data. For this we apply a formulation of the triggering-front based on non-linear fluid-rock interactions, assuming negligible fluid leakage and fluid conservation within the fractured volumes, which effectively describes the spatio-temporal distributions of microseismic events. Additionally, fracture extents obtained from microseismic data are compared with those measured directly with DAS. This comparison reveals that the assumption that microseismic events are triggered in the immediate vicinity of hydraulic fractures is not always accurate. Observed are both extremes: microseismic clouds being significantly larger than the fractures, or vice versa. An analysis of the spatio-temporal distributions of the microseismicity, combined with numerical modeling of the fiber responses, demonstrates that seismic events associated with the triggering-fronts are related to the destabilization of rocks surrounding fractures through elastic stress transfer. Hence, fracture growth can be tracked with varying precision using only microseismic data, with the extreme case of completely aseismic growth. The combination of microseismic monitoring with DAS yield the most valuable insights.
Predicting Preeclampsia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using the sFlt-1/PlGF Ratio
Authors: Noonan Sarah Brittany , Brennecke Shaun Patrick , Jones Gabriel Davis
Published: February 2025

Context

The soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PlGF) ratio blood test can aid the prediction of preeclampsia (PE) in advance of a clinical diagnosis. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) predisposes to PE, but may influence levels of these biomarkers independently of PE.

Objective

To determine whether the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio retains its clinical utility to predict PE in patients with GDM.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and associated clinical outcome data acquired between September 2016 and September 2022, at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. 1416 sFlt-1/PlGF ratio results from pregnant women with and without GDM, and with and without PE were analysed. The main outcome measures were sFlt-1, PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test results in relation to PE and GDM.

Results

There were no significant differences in the area under the curve (AUC), specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, or negative predictive value (NPV) between the PE + No GDM and PE + GDM groups in both the 0 to 7 and the 8 to 14 days before delivery categories. In the 0- to 7-day category the PE + No GDM group had an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.79-0.87), sensitivity of 85.3% (95% CI 80.8-89.1%) and NPV of 92.7% (95% CI 90.5-94.5%), and the PE + GDM group had an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.82-0.93), sensitivity of 89.4% (95% CI 76.9-96.5%), and NPV of 94.8% (95% CI 88.7-97.7%).

Conclusion

The results of this investigation indicate that although GDM may lead to changes in the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test retains its clinical utility in predicting PE onset.
Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) of Extraperitoneal Abdominal Disease, is it Appropriate?
Authors: Mangieri Christopher W. , Votanopoulos Konstantinos I. , Shen Perry , Levine Edward A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Cytoreductive surgery-hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) candidates often have extraperitoneal abdominal disease. Current expert peritoneal surface malignancy (PSM) guidelines recommend that the presence of extraperitoneal disease is a contraindication to CRS-HIPEC.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of our institutional appendiceal and colorectal CRS-HIPEC registries. Two study cohorts were constructed: (1) cytoreduction with extraperitoneal abdominal disease, and (2) cytoreductions limited to peritoneal structures alone. The primary study outcome was survival. Subgroup analysis was based on the primary tumor and completeness of cytoreduction.

Results

Overall, 864 CRS-HIPEC cases were evaluated, consisting of 578 appendiceal primaries and 286 colorectal cancers. The extraperitoneal cohort included 101 patients, with 763 patients in the non-extraperitoneal group. The median follow-up time was 13.18 years. The main analysis showed no significant differences in survival times. For overall survival (OS) there was a mean OS time of 5.87 years and a median OS time of 4.43 years for extraperitoneal cytoreductions compared with a mean of 5.90 years and a median of 4.76 years for non-extraperitoneal cytoreductions (p = 0.955). Five-year OS rates did not differ at 49.1% versus 49.5% (odds ratio [OR] 1.036, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.671–1.597, p = 0.874). Disease-free survival (DFS) times showed a mean of 4.40 years and a median of 1.93 years for extraperitoneal cases versus a mean of 5.44 years and a median of 3.05 years for non-extraperitoneal cases (p = 0.210). Five-year DFS rates also showed no differences (OR 0.894, 95% CI 0.476–1.681, p = 0.728). No significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS)Pp times (p = 0.061) were reported. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that extraperitoneal CRS was not an independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.281, 95% CI 0.885–1.854, p = 0.190), DFS (HR 1.087, 95% CI 0.694–1.701, p = 0.716), or PFS (HR 0.650, 95% CI 0.243–1.738).

Conclusion

We conducted the largest analysis evaluating extraperitoneal cytoreductions, with no significant differences in almost all survival outcomes. We propose that the presence of extraperitoneal abdominal disease is not a contraindication to proceeding with CRS-HIPEC.
Cytoreductive Surgery Plus HIPEC in Recurrent or Newly Diagnosed Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Taliento C. , Restaino S. , Arcieri M. , Scutiero G. , Greco P. , Scambia G. , Vizzielli G.
Published: February 2025

Background

In 2024, two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were published, providing new high-quality evidence on HIPEC in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Updating data on progression-free survival (PFS) and adverse events could offer a clearer understanding of the benefits and risks of HIPEC combined with cytoreductive surgery (CRS), with or without prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).

Patients and Methods

An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and CENTRAL up to 23 November 2024. We only included RCTs reporting PFS and adverse events of interval or secondary CRS, with or without HIPEC, in newly diagnosed or recurrent EOC.

Results

The meta-analysis included six RCTs. The addition of HIPEC to surgery significantly improved PFS in patients with newly diagnosed advanced-stage EOC who received NACT (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.39–0.88; p = 0.01). No significant difference in PFS was observed between secondary CRS plus HIPEC and CRS alone in recurrent ovarian cancer without prior NACT (HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.82–1.83; p = 0.32). Regarding adverse events, a decrease in platelet count of any grade was more frequent in the HIPEC group (p = 0.03). The overall risk of acute kidney failure (AKF) was 10.6%, with a significantly higher incidence compared with CRS alone (p = 0.003).

Conclusions

The addition of HIPEC to CRS significantly improved PFS compared with surgery alone in patients with advanced EOC who received NACT. However, the treatment was associated with a higher incidence of AKF, which occurred in 10.6% of patients who underwent HIPEC.
Causas da Fraternidade
Authors: Barzotto Luis Fernando
Published: February 2025

Contextualização: A fraternidade é um dos conceitos-chave do horizonte ético da modernidade, tendo como marco de sua adesão universal o artigo primeiro da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (1948). No Brasil, a fraternidade consta no preâmbulo da Constituição Federal de 1988.
Objetivo: O presente artigo visa, a partir de uma investigação conceitual com base na teoria das causas de Aristóteles, a esclarecer o conceito de fraternidade pela sua inserção no interior de uma rede conceitual composta pelos conceitos de alteridade, reconhecimento, regra de ouro e comunidade, que correspondem, respectivamente, à sua causa material, eficiente, formal e final.
Método: Pelo desmembramento do conceito de fraternidade nos seus principais elementos constitutivos (“causas”), conclui-se pela necessidade de uma análise “circular”: não se pode defini-los de forma independente.
Resultados: Assim, adotando-se referido modelo de análise circular, alteridade, reconhecimento, regra de ouro e comunidade são mutuamente referentes: cada um dos quatro conceitos só pode ser plenamente apreendido à luz dos outros três.
Conclusões: Nesse sentido, conclui-se que a fraternidade existe quando há o reconhecimento recíproco (comunidade) dos seres humanos como pessoas (alteridade), segundo um procedimento da razão prática conhecido como regra de ouro.
Κατανοώντας τη δημιουργική έκφραση των παιδιών στο ελεύθερο μουσικό τους παιχνίδι
Authors: Δογάνη Κωνσταντίνα
Published: February 2025

Οι αυθόρμητες μουσικές συμπεριφορές των παιδιών που αναπτύσσονται στο ελεύθερο παιχνίδι τους, φανερώνουν την πηγαία ικανότητά τους να δημιουργούν ελεύθερα τη δική τους μουσική με δικούς τους όρους και τρόπους. Οι πολύτιμες αυτές μορφές μουσικής έκφρασης περνούν συχνά απαρατήρητες και παραμένουν αναξιοποίητες. Στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η κατανόηση και ανάδειξη των σημαντικών στιγμών μουσικής έκφρασης των παιδιών κατά τη διάρκεια του ελεύθερου μουσικού τους παιχνιδιού στο νηπιαγωγείο. Η προσέγγιση βασίζεται σε παιδοκεντρικές θεωρήσεις που αναγνωρίζουν την ικανότητα των παιδιών να διαμορφώνουν και να νοηματοδοτούν τις καθημερινές τους εμπειρίες. Τα δεδομένα βασίστηκαν σε παρατήρηση παιδιών από παιδαγωγούς δύο τάξεων δημόσιων νηπιαγωγείων και ενισχύθηκαν με σημειώσεις πεδίου και αναστοχαστικά τους σχόλια. Παιδιά που έπαιζαν μόνα τους ή σε ζεύγη, θεωρήθηκαν ξεχωριστές μελέτες περίπτωσης σε όλη την ερευνητική διαδικασία. Από τη θεματική ανάλυση αναδείχθηκαν στιγμιότυπα και μουσικά τεχνουργήματα που προσδίδουν αξία στην ανεξάρτητη μουσική σκέψη των παιδιών καθώς αυτά ορίζουν και πλαισιώνουν ηχητικά το μουσικό τους παιχνίδι σύμφωνα με τα ενδιαφέροντά τους. Ξεκινώντας από εξερεύνηση διαφορετικών τρόπων παιξίματος, στη συνέχεια προχώρησαν σε μίμηση ή ταίριασμα στο παίξιμο ενός συμπαίκτη. Η δημιουργικότητα κορυφωνόταν με εμπλουτισμό και εναλλαγές ιδεών κατά το μουσικό αυτοσχεδιασμό με το συμπαίκτη. Τα αποτελέσματα αναδεικνύουν την ενεργή συμμετοχή των παιδιών στην οικοδόμηση νοήματος μέσω μουσικών συσχετίσεων με ηχητικές πηγές, συνομήλικους ή τη νηπιαγωγό. Οι παιδαγωγικές και ερευνητικές ενέργειες «παρατηρώ-κατανοώ-αλληλεπιδρώ» φαίνεται ότι ενθαρρύνουν την αλληλεπίδραση στο ελεύθερο μουσικό παιχνίδι των παιδιών. Με την προσεκτική ακρόαση και διακριτική υποστήριξη των παιδιών επιτρέπεται στο αυθόρμητο μουσικό παιχνίδι τους να ξεδιπλωθεί.
Ρίσκο και Υπαίθριο παιχνίδι: δυνατότητες και ευκαιρίες
Authors: Νικηφορίδου Ζωή
Published: February 2025

Τα τελευταία χρόνια και ειδικά μετά την πανδημία, πολλοί ερευνητές και επαγγελματίες υπογραμμίζουν τη σημασία του υπαίθριου παιχνιδιού στην ολιστική ανάπτυξη και ευημερία των παιδιών. Ο πλούσιος πολυαισθητηριακός χαρακτήρας της βιωματικής μάθησης σε εξωτερικά ή υπαίθρια περιβάλλοντα παρέχει πολύτιμες δυνατότητες μέσα από τις οποίες τα μικρά παιδιά μπορούν να εξερευνήσουν πτυχές του εαυτού τους, των άλλων και του κόσμου γύρω τους. Στην παρούσα εισήγηση θα γίνει αναφορά στα οφέλη του υπαίθριου παιχνιδιού, στην παιδαγωγική του αξία, στον ρόλο των συμμετεχόντων και στα χαρακτηριστικά του υπαίθριου χώρου. Ιδιαίτερη αναφορά θα γίνει στο ρίσκο ως απαραίτητο συστατικό του ‘είναι και του γίγνεσαι’ και στο πώς το υπαίθριο παιχνίδι, και όχι μόνο, μπορεί να αποτελέσει ένα ασφαλές πεδίο μέσα στο οποίο τα παιδιά μπορούν να δοκιμάσουν τις δυνατότητές τους, να τολμήσουν και να ξεπεράσουν τα όριά τους. Πρόκειται για εμπειρίες που συντελούν στη διαμόρφωση προσωπικοτήτων με αίσθημα ευθύνης, αυτονομίας, αυτο-εκτίμησης και συνειδητοποίησης.
Μια διδακτική παρέμβαση βασισμένη στο παιχνίδι για την πρώιμη κατανόηση της διαίρεσης μέτρησης
Authors: Χρήστου Κωνσταντίνος , Κανδύλη Αναστασία
Published: February 2025

Σε αυτή τη μελέτη, παρουσιάζουμε ένα μέρος μιας συνεχιζόμενης έρευνας σχεδιασμού που στοχεύει στη δημιουργία εκπαιδευτικών δραστηριοτήτων που καλλιεργούν την πρώιμη πολλαπλασιαστική σκέψη. Συγκεκριμένα, εξετάζεται η ικανότητα παιδιών νηπιαγωγείου να κάνουν διαίρεση μέτρησης όταν τους δίνονται λεκτικά προβλήματα με εικονικές αναπαραστάσεις. Επίσης, διερευνούμε πιλοτικά τα αποτελέσματα μιας διδακτικής παρέμβασης που βασίστηκε σε ένα ομαδικό παιχνίδι, στην ικανότητα των μικρών παιδιών να επιλύουν προβλήματα διαίρεσης μέτρησης. Η διαίρεση μέτρησης είναι υποτιμημένη στο νηπιαγωγείο και στα πρώτα χρόνια του δημοτικού σχολείου, επειδή πιστεύεται ότι είναι υπερβολικά δύσκολη για παιδιά αυτής της ηλικίας. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 35 παιδιά Νηπιαγωγείου (ηλικίας 4-6 χρονών) που δεν είχαν προηγουμένως λάβει καμία διδασκαλία σχετικά με τη διαίρεση. Στον προ-έλεγχο και τον μετα-έλεγχο στα παιδιά δόθηκαν, μέσω ατομικών συνεντεύξεων, τέσσερα λεκτικά προβλήματα με διαιρέσεις μέτρησης. Κατά τη διδακτική παρέμβαση, τα παιδιά της ομάδας παρέμβασης (14 παιδιά) έπαιξαν ένα ομαδικό, κινητικό παιχνίδι στο οποίο κλήθηκαν να δημιουργούν ομάδες συγκεκριμένου πλήθους, και να εξάγουν συμπεράσματα για τη σχέση ανάμεσα στο μέγεθος μιας ομάδας και στο πλήθος των ομάδων που σχηματίστηκαν. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι τα παιδιά είχαν μια αρχική κατανόηση της διαίρεσης μέτρησης σε απλά λεκτικά προβλήματα που τους δόθηκαν με εικονικές αναπαραστάσεις. Επίσης, η διδακτική παρέμβαση βοήθησε τα παιδιά της ομάδας παρέμβασης να εστιάσουν στις σχέσεις διαιρέτη/πηλίκου και να αναπτύξουν εκλεπτυσμένες στρατηγικές για τη διαίρεση μέτρησης. Αυτά τα ευρήματα δείχνουν ότι τα μικρά παιδιά μπορούν να αναπτύξουν ακόμη και αρκετά προηγμένες ικανότητες πολλαπλασιαστικής σκέψης αν εκτεθούν σε κατάλληλα σχεδιασμένα μαθησιακά περιβάλλοντα με βάση το μαθηματικό παιχνίδι.
A screening tool of amusia: a pilot study
Authors: Manika Sofia , Papakyritsis Ioannis , Trimmis Nikolaos
Published: February 2025

Background Amusia, also known as tone deafness, involves problems with the auditory accuracy of music perception and the recognition of well-known melodies. These deficits are not related to hearing loss, amount of musical training, or overall intelligence. The present study applies a screening tool for the detection of amusia in Greek children and adults. Methods The present detection tool was created via laboratory evaluation and includes seven acoustic tests: “dissonant intervals”, “out of tone”, “contour”, “memory”, “rhythm”, “integration” and “emotion”, based on the pre-existing data on the diagnostic criteria and the features of the disorder. All music stimuli were presented on a piano timbre and constructed in major mode according to Western tonal-harmonic conventions. Before administering the test, the Directorate of Primary Education of Achaia, which belongs to the Ministry of Education of Greece, approved the research for the application of the test to adults and students aged six to twelve. Simultaneously, each parent signed a form for their child’s consent to participate in the listening test. All participants were native Greek speakers, 80 students aged 6 to 12 years and 120 adults, with normal hearing thresholds bilaterally. The recorded stimuli were presented through supra-aural headphones at a comfortable hearing level, and the procedure was based on a laboratory evaluation lasting 15 min. All data were analyzed using SPSS (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25912411). Results According to the findings, only 4% of the participants suffered from amusia and it was found that those who had music education for more than two years performed better in the present test than the others. In conclusion, factors such as sex and age did not affect the occurrence of this musical disorder. Conclusion The present screening assessment tool was intended to detect individuals with amusia. There is a suspicion of the existence of amusia in the population at a rate of 4% as confirmed by other research It is recommended to administer the test to a larger sample to estimate its sensitivity and validity.
Case Report: Isolated osteochondral fracture of the weight-bearing lateral femoral condyle
Authors: Almohimeed Abdullah , Ferjani Mohamed Achraf , Abdullah Ousamah , Bekkay Mohamed Ali , Kamoun Khaled
Published: February 2025

Introduction Osteochondral fractures (OCF)s of the femoral condyle are rare in pediatric patients but can have significant implications if missed or left untreated. Surgical fixation is often recommended, particularly in young, to restore joint congruency and function. Case report We report the case of a 14-year-old boy who presented with isolated weight-bearing OCF of the lateral femoral condyle following a sports injury. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 30.4 mm osteochondral fragment confirmed by arthroscopy but unsuitable for percutaneous management due to its size and location. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed using headless compression screws, a technique reserved for those cases where based on sufficient detached fragment bone to facilitate secure fixation and bone-to-bone healing. Conclusion This case underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis and individualized treatment to prevent long-term joint damage, contributing valuable insights into the management of pediatric femoral osteochondral fractures.
RETRACTED: Efficacy and risk of sexual orientation change efforts: a retrospective analysis of 125 exposed men
Authors:   F1000 Editorial Office
Published: February 2025

Retraction Notice (4th February 2025): The article by Sullins DP, Rosik CH and Santero P: ‘Efficacy and risk of sexual orientation change efforts: a retrospective analysis of 125 exposed men' (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51209.2) has been retracted from F1000Research by the F1000 Editorial Team. A previous version of this article published on F1000Research has also been retracted (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51209.1). After publication, concerns were raised to the F1000 Editorial Team regarding the data underlying this research. In accordance with F1000 policies, the F1000 Editorial Team investigated these concerns and conducted two independent external reviews. The reviews concluded that the methodology, and subsequent statistical analysis, employed by the study cannot support the conclusions around efficacy and effectiveness. Considering this, the F1000 Editorial Team has been unable to confirm the integrity of the study design and the article’s conclusions. Therefore, the F1000 Editorial Team no longer has confidence in the reported conclusions and has decided to retract the article. The authors listed in the publication have been informed. The authors do not agree with the retraction. We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and the COPE guidelines.
Quantifying relevant exposure determinants and conditions of use for welding emissions
Authors: Koivisto Antti Joonas , Eliat Maxime , Jayjock Michael , Hussein Tareq , Nicosia Alessia
Published: February 2025

Background Conditions of Use (CoU) defines the operational conditions and risk management measures that result in adequately controlled exposure. It is mandatory to provide CoUs in Exposure Scenarios for the REACH legislation. CoU assessment based on similar exposure groups is a case-specific approach and not very efficient. We demonstrate how to quantify relevant exposure determinants and find optimal CoUs for welding using probabilistic exposure modelling. Methods Single and two-compartment models were applied to calculate exposure levels under specified conditions for five welding processes with the highest emissions. Model performance was tested using independently reported emissions and two field measurement studies. Results Welding fume concentrations were predicted within the range of 0.93 to 3.4 times the measured levels for three different welding scenarios, where two scenarios were repeated with four and five different ventilation rates. CoUs were quantified for welding with five different electrodes when welding is performed without controls, with a fume extraction torch, and with local exhaust ventilation. The exposure level was adequately controlled for three electrodes when controls were applied. Exposure assessment refinement proposals were given based on the relevant exposure determinants. The maximum emission factor was calculated for total fume emissions. A proposal for emission labelling was established. Conclusions CoU quantification was successfully demonstrated for total welding fume emissions. CoU results can be applied for welding processes where emissions are less than specified for the operational conditions specified here. Only total fume emissions were considered here, which may not be the limiting factor for risk; volatile and individual metal emissions were not considered. The approach applies to point sources for which emissions are adequately characterized. CoU assessment can be used to develop emission labelling and process specific safety actions. Compared to the traditional case-specific approach, modeling using this general approach will provide a significantly improved cost-effectiveness.
Adult L1 users’ attitudes towards their proficiency in written Estonian as evidence of deep-rooted language ideologies
Authors: Algvere Kristel
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this article is to investigate how adult L1 users of Estonian describe their written language proficiency and how their responses reflect language ideologies. Data were collected from 668 participants, with an average age of 48 years (89% were women; 71% had completed higher education). The results show traces of deep-rooted standard language ideology as well as nationalist ideology. Some of the attitudes found can also be associated with the concept of linguistic insecurity, according to which the “best language” and the current rules and norms of standardized language have the highest value. It can be said that language stereotypes are based on the high status of the standard language, which may be the influence of standard language ideology, and that the majority of the participants in this survey consider standard Estonian as their mother tongue.Kokkuvõte. Kristel Algvere: Täiskasvanud L1 kasutajate hoiakud oma kirjaliku eesti keele oskuse suhtes kui tõend sügavalt juurdunud keeleideoloogiatest. Käesolev artikkel keskendub hoiakutele ja ideoloogiatele, mis peituvad uskumustes kirjaoskuse ja kirjakeele kohta. Artiklis otsitakse vastust küsimusele: kuidas kirjeldavad täiskasvanud eesti keele L1-kasutajad oma keeleoskust ja millised keeleideoloogiate jäljed ilmnevad nende vabatekstilistest kommentaaridest? Andmeid koguti 668 osalejalt, kelle keskmine vanus oli 48 aastat, kellest 89% olid naised ja 71% kõrgharidusega. Tulemused näitavad nii sügavalt juurdunud standardkeele ideoloogia kui ka rahvusliku ideoloogia jälgi. Leitud hoiakuid võib seostada ka keelelise ebakindluse kontseptsiooniga, kus „parim keel“ ning kehtivad standardkeele reeglid ja normid on kõige suurema väärtusega. Võib öelda, et hoiakud põhinevad standardkeele kõrgel staatusel, mis on seotud standardkeele ideoloogiaga ja et suur osa selles uuringus osalenutest peab eesti keele standardkeelt oma emakeeleks, on seotud rahvusliku ideoloogiaga.
On Some Aspects of the Poetic of ri in Dante’s Divine Comedy: Possibilities of Semantic Clustering
Authors: Ploom Ülar
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this article is to examine aspects of the poetic of the syllable ri in Dante’s Divine Comedy. The textual unit ri, prevalent as a pure syllable, but in some cases modified by a preceding consonant or consonants or by a following vowel or consonant, appears approximately 2000 times in the texture of the entire work. However, this study will focus on cases where the occurrences of ri possess rhythmic and/or semantic relevance. First, a brief exploration of De vulgari eloquentia, Dante’s own treatise on language and poetry, will determine whether the poet theorises rhythm and sound semantics in this work, and whether he considers smaller textual units than the word. Next, examples will be presented of poetic research that examines the reiteration of seemingly asemantic linguistic elements related to a specific theme, name, or textual position, while considering how such repetitions, alongside rhythm, contribute to textual semantics. The examples of the poetic of ri will primarily be drawn from the frames of the three canticles of the Divine Comedy, as it is within these frames that the modelling codes of the entire work are provided.
Ancient Greco-Roman meters and stanzas in Russian poetry: origin and development
Authors: Lotman Mihhail
Published: February 2025

The basis of the metrical repertoire of Russian poetry is made up of meters of ancient Greco-Roman origin, which came through the intermediary of German poetry. The basic stanzaic models also originated from there. Meters and stanzas transplanted directly from the ancient tradition are quantitatively marginal but are important from the point of view of self-evaluation of culture.
The article analyses the structure and functions of hexameter and the major ancient strophes, beginning with Church Slavonic quantitative hexameters and ending with the development of the basic form of hexameter in the early 19th century. At the same time, issues that were at the centre of the debate about Russian hexameter are considered: the problem of accentuation, spondee, and caesura.
Russian Binary Meters. Part Two. Chapter 9
Authors: Taranovsky Kiril , Vickery Walter N. , Feinberg Lawrence E.
Published: February 2025

Editor's Note. Part I of Russian Binary Meters, the English translation of Kiril Taranovsky’s classic study Ruski dvodelni ritmovi (Taranovsky 1953), appeared in volume 7.2 (2020) of Studia Metrica et Poetica. Part I bears the title “Theoretical Bases for the Study of Russian Binary Meters”, and consists of the first four of the book’s nineteen chapters. Part II of Russian Binary Meters is entitled “Historical Development of the Rhythmic Drive of Russian Binary Meters”. Its first four chapters (numbered 5 to 8), devoted to trochaic tetrameter (four-foot trochee) and iambic tetrameter, trimeter and hexameter (four-, three- and six-foot iamb), were published in volumes 8.2 (2021) and 10.1 (2023). The next series of chapters (9 to 13) focuses on various types of iambic pentameter (five-foot iamb). Here we publish the introductory chapter of this series. The reader should bear in mind that the numbering of sections and footnotes is continuous with the earlier installments, beginning here with Chapter 9 and footnote 175.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE MINOR GUARDIANSHIP SYSTEM IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES USING THE EXAMPLE OF UFA PROVINCE
Authors: Khasanov Timur T.
Published: February 2025

Background. The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the legal framework governing the guardianship system over minors in the Russian Empire in the 19th — early 20th centuries, with an emphasis on the Ufa province. The work examines the key stages in the formation of the legal basis for guardianship, including the adoption of the main legislative acts and their evolution in the context of changing socio-economic situations. Particular attention is paid to the role of the state, public and church organizations in the development of the guardianship system, as well as the mechanisms of interaction between these structures. The influence of regional factors on the implementation of guardianship, including demographic characteristics and socio-cultural context, is analyzed. The study allows us to identify patterns in the development of social assistance to minors and determine the importance of state and public initiatives in the formation of a child support system in the Russian Empire.
Purpose. Study of the legal framework and functioning of the guardianship system for minors in the Ufa province of the Russian Empire in the 19th – early 20th centuries.
Materials and methods. Legal, socio-economic and organizational aspects of guardianship over minors in the Ufa province in the context of the historical development of similar systems on the territory of the Russian Empire in the period 1865-1917.
Results. An analysis of the legal framework and archival sources revealed that in the Russian Empire of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the guardianship system for minors was based on the interaction of state, church and public institutions. The state regulated the activities of orphanages and guardianship bodies through laws, such as the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. These documents defined the basic requirements for the management of orphanages and organized the mechanism for distributing state subsidies.
Regional features, for example, in the Ufa province, consisted of a significant role of local charitable societies, parish guardianships and rural communities. Archival data show that in the province there were initiatives to create orphanages with funds from philanthropists, which ensured their sustainability in the context of insufficient state funding. Governors' decrees played an important role in adapting general rules to local conditions.
Church structures provided both material and spiritual support for minors, which is confirmed by data from parish funds. It was also found that women's participation in charitable initiatives in regions such as Ufa contributed to the effectiveness of aid. This result points to the need for further study of the role of gender factors in the development of social support.
THE SPECIFICS OF TRANSLATING THE FICTIONAL LANGUAGE "NADSAT" INTO FRENCH
Authors: Sadovnikova Margarita N.
Published: February 2025

Background. One of the most striking examples of the use of a fictional language in fiction is Anthony Burgess's novel A Clockwork Orange, in which the author creates a unique "conlang" known as "nadsat". The relevance of the study is due to the need for a more in-depth analysis of the methods of transferring the vocabulary and structure of the "nadsat" language into French and the impact of its translation features on the perception of the text.
The purpose of the study is to identify, analyze and describe the lexical and stylistic features of the translation of the language "nadsat" into French in A. Burgess's novel A Clockwork Orange.
Materials and methods. The original text of the novel "A Clockwork Orange" by A. Burgess and its translation into French served as the material for the study. The following research methods were used in the work: comparative and stylistic analysis of the text, translation analysis, structural method.
Results. The paper examines various lexical and stylistic transformations, as well as techniques of cultural adaptation and localization of the text. It was found that the strategy of partial foreignization, which preserves individual lexical units from the "nadsat" in their original form, helps to recreate the unique stylistic coloring of the work and emphasizes its foreign cultural character, while the localization of anthroponyms adapts the names and nicknames of the characters to the host culture. Particularly difficult is the transfer of onomatopoeias, which have a clearly expressed national and cultural specificity. When translating Burgess's occasionalisms, the translators demonstrate the diversity of the strategies used, creating new words in French, using phrases and comparisons. When transferring children's speech, which is an important element of the poetics of the "nadsat", the translators show a creative approach, using a variety of means of the French language. At the same time, they decided not to include in the French “nadsat” similar archaic elements and elements of rhymed slang, which played an important role in the formation of the vocabulary of “nadsat” in the original work.
TYPES OF TERMINOLOGICAL COLLOCATIONS IN MEDICAL ENGLISH DISCOURSE
Authors: Lyamova Oksana O.
Published: February 2025

Background. The problem of word compatibility has been actively studied by Western and Russian researchers since the middle of the XX century. Any language is known to be a living and constantly developing system, within which certain speech patterns are formed. According to the lexical approach, words do not exist separately, the language consists of ready-made lexical chunks that can be easily recalled from memory and used while speaking. Such ready-made chunks include collocations, idioms, set expressions, etc. This study is devoted to the problems of common collocations in medical English.
Purpose – to analyze the lexical content of well-known courses of medical English, authentic dictionaries and textbooks on medicine for identification and classification of terminological collocations.
Materials and methods. Courses of medical English published by Oxford and Cambridge University press: «English in Medicine» (E.H. Glendinning, B.A.S. Holmstrom); «Professional English in Use: Medical» (E.H. Glendinning, R. Howard); «Test Your Professional English: Medical» (A. Pohl); «Check Your English Vocabulary for Medicine» (A&C Black); «Nursing 1» (T. Grice), some authentic medical dictionaries (London Dictionary of Medical Terms; Stedman's Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions & Nursing; Illustrated Medical Dictionary - A Dorling Kindersley Book) and textbooks on medicine: Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals (J. Moini); Eyewitness. Human Body (R. Walker); How it Works Book of the Human Body (Imagine Publishing Ltd); The Facts on File Illustrated Guide to the Human Body (The Diagram Group).
Results. The article analyses various definitions of the term "collocation", describes its main characteristics, presents the classification of the most common terminological collocations used in medical English.
The research shows that various types of terminological collocations are present in different types of medical discourse. These lexical units describe the structure and state of the human body, name medical staff, equipment and technologies, characterize common methods of diagnosis and treatment, etc. Therefore, when working with medical information in English, it is necessary to pay special attention to their structure and use.
FORMULATICITY OF THE INCOMPLETE SYNTACTIC FORM OF AN IMPERATIVE STATEMENT IN DISCOURSE
Authors: Nenasheva Iuliia А.
Published: February 2025

Background. Language units functioning in specific discourse conditions undergo desemantization and gramaticalization, which results in new discourse units forming. These units perform relevant discourse functions and carry communicative meanings. These units also possess formulaicity due to pragmatic factors. Corpus analysis provides proper techniques to identify and describe these units, classify factors conditioning the appearance of such units in discourse.
Purpose. The aim of the research is to identify incomplete syntactic structures of imperatives in discourse, analyze them and categorize their features.
Materials and methods. The research employs corpus analysis methods to build the sample of imperatives with incomplete syntactic structures in discourse. Research corpora include 22 fiction texts containing more than 2 million words. The paper presents quantitative evaluation of representation in discourse of incomplete syntactic structures of imperatives. Analyzing the formulaic character of these structures is performed on the background of methodology described in Russian and foreign literature on formulaic structures in discourse in the last 10 years.
Results. The research shows that the sample comprises groups of incomplete syntactic structures of imperative utterances characterized by varying degrees of formulaicity. Identified groups of incomplete structures of imperative utterances include collocations with Noun, Adjective, Adverb, Pronoun as the primary init in the collocation. These groups also include Prepositional Phrases, Interjections. The degree of formulaicity demonstrates itself in the varying stability of the above-mentioned collocations. Formulaicity of these collocations arrives on the grounds of desemantization and grammaticalization which occur due to frequent usage in discourse, performance of specific discourse functions and possession of communicative meanings. It leads to incomplete syntactic structures of imperatives comporting themselves as autonomous discourse units, formed through described processes in accordance with linguistic laws.
SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS OF NATIONAL HISTORY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF THE MEMORY POLICY OF THE SOVIET STATE
Authors: Ogonovskaya Isabella S.
Published: February 2025

Background. The problem of the influence of state policy on the development of historical education in the Soviet school, as well as the content of school textbooks on the history of the USSR, is updated. The reasons for the transformation of school historical education in accordance with changes in political attitudes, stages of development of Soviet society, the change of leaders of the country, conceptual approaches in historical science are considered.
The purpose of the study: to identify factors that allow us to consider Soviet school textbooks on national history as an instrument of memory policy.
Materials and methods. The source base of the research is school history textbooks published in Soviet Russia and the USSR in 1917-1989, curricula, the diary of the historian S.A. Piontkovsky, memoirs of the author of the history textbook of the USSR V.D. Esakov, presented in the form of an article, materials of the periodical press (the magazines "The Struggle of Classes", "The Marxist Historian", "Teaching History to Schools"), as well as resolutions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Ministry of Education / Education of the USSR, considered on the basis of historical-descriptive (as the main), historical-chronological, historical-systemic, historical-comparative, problematic and other methods of historical research.
Results. To achieve the goal, the following were studied: legal acts defining the target guidelines and structure of the education system, including history; the content of school textbooks on Russian history, which underwent numerous changes in connection with instructions received "from above"; controversial issues of Soviet historical science, reflected in the content of textbooks; stages of development of historical education in the country, the features of which were associated with political changes; pages of biographies of textbook authors, allowing us to see their relationships with the authorities, their attitude to the processes taking place in the country.
This allowed us to draw conclusions that at each stage of development of Soviet society, school history textbooks were used as conductors of state policy, as an instrument of memory policy and a mechanism for interaction between the authorities and the education system, as a factor influencing the minds of the younger generation and a means of controlling the mentality of historians - authors of textbooks, as a mass book that subjectively assessed the past and provided guidelines for the future.