bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the person‐centred intervention guided self‐determination across healthcare settings—An integrated review
Authors: Linnet Olesen Mette , Jørgensen Rikke
Published: December 2022

Aim

To review the evidence of the existing literature on the impact of guided self‐determination across methodologies in different healthcare settings.

Methods

An integrated five‐stage review.

Results

Forty‐five eligible papers were included. Guided self‐determination was applied in full‐ or small‐scale, or combined with another intervention or approach in different healthcare settings handling, for example diabetes, stroke survivorship, schizophrenia, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and medical disorder, gynaecological and breast cancer, endometriosis, persons with chronic pain, persons in haemodialysis and intensive care survivors. The included studies covered 12 randomised trials, 26 qualitative and seven papers of different methodology. A statistically significant effect was found in three trials. Six main themes describe the qualitative findings across papers on patients: (1) Guided self‐determination reduces disease‐related loneliness, (2) Insight enables integration of life and disease, (3) Reflection sheets—appreciated but challenging tool to prompt insights and person‐specific knowledge, (4) New person‐specific knowledge enables person‐centred support, (5) Feeling seen and believed in a new and trusted relationship and (6) Exchange of knowledge enables the development of life skills. Four themes describe the healthcare professionals' experience: (1) Change of usual practice—a decision from above, (2) A new role—unlearning previous behaviour and need for support, (3) Reflection sheets as facilitators and barriers and (4) Discovering the benefits of changing to a person‐centred approach.

Conclusion

Overall, guided self‐determination proved to have a great impact on patient important outcomes and was useful and well‐accepted by the majority of patients and healthcare professionals. Albeit guided self‐determination is not a ‘one size fits all’ method. Continuous training and supervision of professionals are a necessary mean when implementing guided self‐determination to enhance adoption and sustainability in clinical practice.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Training Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: December 2022

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 1 Akın Metli, Bilkent Erzurum Laboratory School (BELS), TurkeyAlphonce John Amuli, ADEM, TanzaniaChris Mutseekwa, Bindura University of Science Education, ZimbabweFroilan D. Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippineHassan Shaaban, Atomic energy Authority, EgyptHossein Chaharbashloo, Kharazmi University, IranIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJohn Mark Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesKendall Hartley, University of Nevada, USAKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilLisa Marie Portugal, American College of Education, USAMaria Rosa M. Prado, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, BrazilNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASadia Batool, Karakoram International University, PakistanSamah El-Sakka, Suez University, EgyptStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, GreeceThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Thailand Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Power Pulsation Between Synchronous Generators
Authors: Warming Troels
Published: December 2022

The power pulsation between synchronous generators depends on how close the system is to resonance with disturbing impulses. These impulses originate, in most cases, from four-cycle engines on the network. The reason is that such engines give a very low disturbing frequency, since an unbalanced torque will give only one impulse for every two revolutions. This frequency will often be close to the natural frequencies of a system of several generators in parallel. Consequently, it is necessary to find these natural frequencies and if we are close to resonance to calculate the power pulsation. In this paper is given a graphical method for finding the natural frequency of any number of generators running in parallel. An estimate is made of the unbalanced torque which may be expected from an internal-combustion engine. Based on this the power pulsation is computed. A simple formula is given for the case with only two generators in parallel, and it is shown how a system of several generators may be reduced to an equivalent system of only two. Of particular interest is the influence of the damping on a vibrating system of this kind. This is illustrated by an example with three generators. According to the customary calculations, the parallel operation in this particular case should be very difficult. The damping, however, changes the form of vibration to an extent that operation is deemed safe.
The Numerical Solution of Heat-Conduction Problems
Authors: Emmons H. W.
Published: December 2022

Two- and three-dimensional steady-flow heat-conduction problems are readily solved to any degree of approximation by application of the relaxation method introduced by Southwell. Except for the simplest geometric shapes and boundary conditions, the relaxation method is far superior to analytical methods of solution in point of time required to reach a given desired accuracy. The relaxation method has the further advantages of permitting the calculator to put into the calculation all the physical intuition he may have about the problem and, at the same time, to know at each step just how seriously his solution still differs from the correct answer. By an extension of the method one-, two-, and three-dimensional transient-heat-flow problems are easily solved. For one-dimensional problems, the new method is identical to the graphical method of Schmidt.
Performance and Selection of Mechanical-Draft Cooling Towers
Authors: Lichtenstein Joseph
Published: December 2022

This paper indicates the need for standardization in cooling-tower practice and the adoption of a common basic theory for correlation of the vast amount of experimental data, coupled with practical experience now available. Such a theory would be invaluable in calculating performance at the guarantee point from test data taken under other conditions of service. From Merkel’s differential equation for the cooling tower, the author derives a basic dimensionless equation for calculating cooling-tower performance. A graphic method of solution of this basic equation is then given in the form of curves which have been developed by the author’s company as a result of extensive tests which are explained. It is further shown that the size of a cooling tower for a fixed set of conditions is not entirely determined by theory alone, but that economic conditions constitute the final criterion.
Nonlinear Agent-Based Dynamics: Which Metric Mitigates Polarization?
Authors: Herzog Bodo
Published: December 2022

This article provides a stochastic agent-based model to exhibit the role of aggregation metrics in order to mitigate polarization in a complex society. Our sociophysics model is based on interacting and nonlinear Brownian agents, which allow us to study the emergence of collective opinions. The opinion of an agent, xi(t) is a continuous positive value in an interval [0,1]. We find: (i) most agent-metrics display similar outcomes, (ii) The middle-metric and noisy-metric obtain new opinion dynamics either toward assimilation or fragmentation, and (iii) We show that a developed two-stage metric provide new insights about convergence and equilibria. In summary, our simulation demonstrates the power of institutions, which affect the emergence of collective behavior. Consequently, opinion formation in a decentralized complex society is reliant to the individual information processing and rules of collective behavior.
Beams With a Varying Cross Section in the Generalized Strain Formulation for Flexure Modeling
Authors: Dwarshuis Koen , Aarts Ronald , Ellenbroek Marcel , Brouwer Dannis
Published: December 2022

Flexure joints are rapidly gaining ground in precision engineering because of their predictable behavior. However, their range of motion is limited due to a stress limitation and a loss of support stiffness in deformed configurations. The support stiffness can be significantly increased by using leafsprings of which the width and thickness vary over the length of the leafspring. This paper presents formulations for two beam elements with a varying cross section that can be used for the efficient modeling of these types of leafsprings. One of these beam-formulations includes the modeling of the warping due to torsion, which is shown to be essential for accurate modeling. The 90% accuracy in stiffness results and 80% accuracy in stress results, in comparison with results of finite element analyses, are sufficient for the evaluation of concept-designs. Optimizations show that the support stiffness of two typical flexure joints can be increased by a factor of up to 4.0 keeping the same range of motion, by allowing the cross section to vary over the length of the leafspring. In these two flexure joints, 98% of this improvement can already be obtained by only varying the thickness, and keeping a constant width.
Convective Boundary Layer Flow Adjacent to an Inclined and Linearly Heated Semi-Infinite Plate
Authors: Liu Yang , Ren Sitao
Published: December 2022

The transient convective flow adjacent to an inclined semi-infinite plate which is heated by a linear temperature gradient is investigated with scaling analysis and direct numerical simulation (DNS) in this study. Both Pr < 1 and Pr > 1 fluids are considered. The initial ambient fluid is quiescent and thermally homogeneous. Important parameters characterizing the thermal boundary layer flow are thickness, characteristic velocity, and time to reach the steady stage. Scaling analysis is carried out to obtain scales for these flow parameters. Compared to previous similar studies, the obtained scale relations are more generalized and they can be utilized for different inclination angles. The derived scales are compared against the DNS results for a variety of flow parameters, e.g., Rayleigh number Ra, Prandtl number Pr, stratification factor s (s = dθw(y)/dy, where θw(y) is the local temperature at a streamwise location of y), inclination angle of the heated plate α, evolutionary time τ, and streamwise location y. The scale relations and the DNS results compare well suggesting the proposed scale laws can provide a sound description for the dynamics of the convective flow subjected to a tilted surface and a linear heating condition.
Design De-Identification of Thermal History for Collaborative Process-Defect Modeling of Directed Energy Deposition Processes
Authors: Fullington Durant , Bian Linkan , Tian Wenmeng
Published: December 2022

There is an urgent need for developing collaborative process-defect modeling in metal-based additive manufacturing (AM). This mainly stems from the high volume of training data needed to develop reliable machine learning models for in-situ anomaly detection. The requirements for large data are especially challenging for small-to-medium manufacturers (SMMs), for whom collecting copious amounts of data is usually cost prohibitive. The objective of this research is to develop a secured data sharing mechanism for directed energy deposition (DED) based AM without disclosing product design information, facilitating secured data aggregation for collaborative modeling. However, one major obstacle is the privacy concerns that arise from data sharing, since AM process data contain confidential design information, such as the printing path. The proposed adaptive design de-identification for additive manufacturing (ADDAM) methodology integrates AM process knowledge into an adaptive de-identification procedure to mask the printing trajectory information in metal-based AM thermal history, which otherwise discloses substantial printing path information. This adaptive approach applies a flexible data privacy level to each thermal image based on its similarity with the other images, facilitating better data utility preservation while protecting data privacy. A real-world case study was used to validate the proposed method based on the fabrication of two cylindrical parts using a DED process. These results are expressed as a Pareto optimal solution, demonstrating significant improvements in privacy gain and minimal utility loss. The proposed method can facilitate privacy improvements of up to 30% with as little as 0% losses in dataset utility after de-identification.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Injection Molded and Big Area Additive Manufactured NdFeB Bonded Permanent Magnets
Authors: Kulkarni Sameer , Zhao Fu , Nlebedim Ikenna C. , Fredette Robert , Paranthaman Mariappan Parans
Published: December 2022

Permanent magnets are expected to play a crucial role in the realization of the clean economy. In particular, the neodymium–iron–boron (Nd2Fe14B or NdFeB) magnets, which have the highest energy density among rare earth permanent magnets, are needed for building more efficient windmill generators, electric vehicle motors, etc. Currently, near-net shape magnets can be either made through sintering and compression molding with extensive post machining or directly through injection molding. However, injection molding has a loading volume fraction limitation of 0.65 for nylon binders. A novel method of manufacturing bonded permanent magnets with loading fraction greater than 0.65 has been demonstrated using big area additive manufacturing (BAAM) printers. As energy density is directly proportional to the square of the magnet loading fraction, magnets produced using BAAM printers require less volume and magnetic material compared to that of injection molded magnets on average. A comparative life cycle assessment shows that this difference in magnetic powder consumption nearly constitutes the difference in the environmental impact categories. Even after assuming recycled magnetic input, the BAAM magnets perform better environmentally than injection molded magnets, especially in the ozone depletion category. Since BAAM printers can accommodate even higher loading fractions, at scale, BAAM printers possibly can bring about a significant decrease in rare earth mineral consumption and environmental emissions. Furthermore, single screw extrusion enables BAAM printers to have high print speeds and allow them to be economically competitive against injection molding. Therefore, BAAM printed magnets show great promise in transitioning towards the clean economy.
Design and Validation of a Steerable Port Delivery Cannula System for Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy
Authors: Agwu Nnaoma , Leuthardt Eric , Gorlewicz Jenna
Published: December 2022

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a procedure used for treating glioblastomas and epilepsy lesions in the brain. Current methods for placing LITT ablation probes use straight trajectories. This limits the treatment area, necessitating multiple passes of straight trajectories or risking untreated tumor margins. This work presents a port delivery cannula system (PDCS) to be integrated within existing surgical workflows of LITT, providing off-axis navigation to areas otherwise deemed inaccessible. The design of the PDCS is centered around a two-tube, Nitinol active cannula system, which delivers, places, and retracts a flexible, thermoplastic port along curved trajectories. We present the design of the PDCS system and validate it in free-space, phantom models, and ovine brain trials, with a specific focus on evaluating key parameters of port material characteristics. Eight commercial, biocompatible ports and five custom ports created using additive manufacturing were investigated. Results illustrate that ideal port characteristics include durometers between 85A-95A, a low coefficient of friction, and a wall thickness of approximately 20% of the overall port diameter. Our results also demonstrate that the PDCS system can achieve accuracies under 1mm in phantom models and 2mm in ovine tissue.
Development of a Computational Framework for the Evaluation of Biodegradable Cerebral Stents With Enhanced Bending Performance
Authors: Shi Weiliang , Zhang Cheng , Xie Ankun , Mitchell Kellen , Jin Yifei , Zhao Danyang
Published: December 2022

Cerebral aneurysm disease has extremely high mortality and morbidity, which can be efficiently treated by implanting a vascular stent. However, due to relatively poor flexibility and biodegradability, current vascular stents still cause some life-threatening complications. Thus, it is of great significance to develop new biodegradable cerebral stents (BCSs) with enhanced flexibility for improving the prognosis of cerebral aneurysm disease. In this work, a flexibility-enhanced BCS architecture has been investigated and designed. Both numerical simulation and experiments have been performed to demonstrate the potential clinical application of the proposed BCSs. First, the effects of the structural parameters on the flexibility have been analyzed by finite element simulation. Then, the mechanical properties of the proposed BCSs have been characterized via both numerical simulation and experiments and compared to those of two representative commercial stents for demonstrating the flexibility and radial stiffness of the proposed design. The knowledge from this work provides a new design methodology.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Streamlines for Tandem Impeller in a Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Nicola Yannick , Fensterseifer Manuel , Böhle Martin
Published: December 2022

Radial fluid machines with conventional impeller often lead to flow separation in the blade passage in case of high flow deflection. Tandem blades can be used to counteract this problem. Due to their properties, a new thin boundary layer forms at the rear blade profile, which benefits the deflection of the flow. The present investigation focuses on a comparison between numerical and experimental streamline patterns on the impellers blades suction side. For this purpose, a conventional impeller is compared with a tandem impeller. Furthermore, a method for creating oil painting patterns in a rotating system is presented. The numerical investigations were performed using a full model (including inlet section, impeller, volute, outlet section and impeller side gaps). A total of four operating points were examined in the range from high partial load to overload. The same operating points were run in a pump loop during the experiment. The results of the present work show that the numerically and experimentally generated streamline patterns agree well with exceptions. It could be shown that a flow separation of the blades suction side can be prevented using tandem blades.
Prediction and Validation of Flow Properties in Porous Lattice Structures
Authors: Mishra Ashreet , Korba David , Kaur Inderjot , Singh Prashant , Li Like
Published: December 2022

High-porosity metal foams have been extensively studied as an attractive candidate for efficient and compact heat exchanger design. With the advancements in additive manufacturing, such foams can be manufactured with controlled topology to yield highly tailorable mechanical and transport properties. In this study, a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM)-based pore-scale model is implemented to simulate the fluid flow in additively manufactured (AM) metal foams with unit cell topologies of Cube, Face Diagonal (FD)-Cube, Tetrakaidecahedron (TKD), and Octet lattices. The pressure gradient versus average velocity profiles predicted by the LBM model were validated against in-house measurements on the AM lattice samples with the same unit cell topologies. Based on the simulation results, a novel hybrid model is proposed to accurately predict the volume averaged flow properties (permeability and inertial coefficients) of the four structures. Specifically, the linear LBM (neglecting inertial forces) is first implemented to obtain the intrinsic permeability, and then the standard LBM is applied to obtain the inertial coefficient. Convenient correlations for those flow properties as a function of porosity and fiber diameter are constructed. The effects of the AM print qualities on the flow properties are also discussed. The advantages of the hybrid model compared to the polynomial fitting approach for determining flow properties are discussed and compared quantitatively. The hybrid model and presented results are valuable for flow and thermal transport evaluation when designing new metal foams for specific applications and with different materials and topologies. The presented correlations based on pore-scale simulations can also be conveniently used in volume-averaged models to predict the macroscale flow behavior in such complex structures.
Self-Triggered Model Predictive Control With Sample-and-Hold Fashion for Constrained Continuous-Time Linear Systems
Authors: He Ning , Zhang Yiwen , Ma Kai , Chen Qingqing , Li Yuxiang
Published: December 2022

A novel self-triggered model predictive control (STMPC) strategy for linear constrained systems with additive disturbance is presented in this paper. The actuator adopts the control input from the controller by sample-and-hold fashion. At the same time, the triggering threshold is designed to ensure the feasibility of the algorithms and the stability of the closed-loop system. Furthermore, two different ways to generate the event triggered input signal, namely, using single sample and multiple samples, are proposed and it is shown that better triggering performance can be obtained as the number of samples increases. In the last, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed methods are verified by simulation.
Energy-Optimal Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Motion Planning and Control Based on Integrated System Physical Dynamics
Authors: Michel Nicolas , Wei Peng , Kong Zhaodan , Lin Xinfan
Published: December 2022

Electric vertical-take-off-and-landing multirotor aircraft has been emerging as a revolutionary transportation mode for both manned and unmanned applications, but this technology is limited by flight time and range restrictions. In this work, an energy-efficient model-based trajectory planning and feedback control framework is developed to improve the energy performance of a multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle. Target vehicle trajectories are planned by solving a formulated energy consumption optimization problem based on a system-level model, which accommodates the integrated dynamics of key vehicle subsystems. In order to implement the generated target trajectories, the framework also includes a PID feedback control architecture for real-time trajectory following. The framework is first verified under simulation, and shows an average reduction of 10.7% in energy consumption over a range of typical hover-to-hover operations, compared to the commonly used baseline flight control architecture. Through model-based analysis, key relationships that contribute to the improvements are identified and analyzed. These results demonstrate the importance of considering and coordinating all relevant system dynamics for efficient and holistic trajectory planning and control, which is absent in existing literature. The framework also demonstrates similar performance improvement under experimental validation, with an average energy reduction of 10.2% over the baseline controller despite the presence of significant real-world disturbances including wind effect.
Modeling long QT syndrome type 2 on-a-chip via in-depth assessment of isogenic gene-edited 3D cardiac tissues
Authors: Veldhuizen Jaimeson , Mann Helen F. , Karamanova Nina , Van Horn Wade D. , Migrino Raymond Q. , Brafman David , Nikkhah Mehdi
Published: December 2022

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiovascular disease characterized by QT interval prolongation that can lead to sudden cardiac death. Many mutations with heterogeneous mechanisms have been identified in
KCNH2
, the gene that encodes for hERG (Kv11.1), which lead to onset of LQTS type 2 (LQTS2). In this work, we developed a LQTS2-diseased tissue-on-a-chip model, using 3D coculture of isogenic stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) within an organotypic microfluidic chip technology. Primarily, we created a hiPSC line with R531W mutation in
KCNH2
using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technique and characterized the resultant differentiated CMs and CFs. A deficiency in hERG trafficking was identified in
KCNH2
-edited hiPSC-CMs, revealing a possible mechanism of R531W mutation in LQTS2 pathophysiology. Following creation of a 3D LQTS2 tissue-on-a-chip, the tissues were extensively characterized, through analysis of calcium handling and response to β-agonist. Furthermore, attempted phenotypic rescue via pharmacological intervention of LQTS2 on a chip was investigated.
Myeloid cell–derived proteases produce a proinflammatory form of IL-37 that signals via IL-36 receptor engagement
Authors: Sullivan Graeme P. , Davidovich Pavel , Muñoz-Wolf Natalia , Ward Ross W. , Hernandez Santana Yasmina E. , Clancy Danielle M. , Gorman Aoife , Najda Zaneta , Turk Boris , Walsh Patrick T. , Lavelle Ed C. , Martin Seamus J.
Published: December 2022

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines are key barrier cytokines that are typically expressed as inactive, or partially active, precursors that require proteolysis within their amino termini for activation. IL-37 is an enigmatic member of the IL-1 family that has been proposed to be activated by caspase-1 and to exert anti-inflammatory activity through engagement of the IL-18R and SIGIRR. However, here we show that the longest IL-37 isoform, IL-37b, exhibits robust proinflammatory activity upon amino-terminal proteolysis by neutrophil elastase or cathepsin S. In sharp contrast, caspase-1 failed to process or activate IL-37 at concentrations that robustly activated its canonical substrate, IL-1β. IL-37 and IL-36 exhibit high structural homology, and, consistent with this, a K53-truncated form of IL-37, mimicking the cathepsin S–processed form of this cytokine, was found to exert its proinflammatory effects via IL-36 receptor engagement and produced an inflammatory signature practically identical to IL-36. Administration of K53-truncated IL-37b intraperitoneally into wild-type mice also elicited an inflammatory response that was attenuated in

IL-36R
−/−

animals. These data demonstrate that, in common with other IL-1 family members, mature IL-37 can also elicit proinflammatory effects upon processing by specific proteases.
Supplemental Material: Diamonds reveal subducted slab harzburgite in the lower mantle
Authors: Meyer Nicole A. , Stachel Thomas , al. et
Published: December 2022

Supplemental sample descriptions, full methods, and results. 
Supplemental Material: Fragmentation, rafting, and drowning of a carbonate platform margin in a rift-basin setting
Authors: Petrovic Alexander , al. et
Published: December 2022

A supplemental figure showing rafting dispersed isolated platforms of the southern Al Wajh area based on Figure 2A, and restoration of the present-day situation to a pre-extensional state. 
Advances in the diagnosis and early management of gestational trophoblastic disease
Authors: Joyce Caroline M , Fitzgerald Brendan , McCarthy Tommie V , Coulter John , O'Donoghue Keelin
Published: December 2022

Gestational trophoblastic disease describes a group of rare pregnancy related disorders that span a spectrum of premalignant and malignant conditions. Hydatidiform mole (also termed molar pregnancy) is the most common form of this disease. Hydatidiform mole describes an abnormal conceptus containing two copies of the paternal genome, which is classified as partial when the maternal genome is present or complete when the maternal genome is absent. Hydatidiform mole typically presents in the first trimester with irregular vaginal bleeding and can be suspected on ultrasound but confirmation requires histopathological evaluation of the products of conception. Most molar pregnancies resolve without treatment after uterine evacuation, but occasionally the disease persists and develops into gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Close monitoring of women after molar pregnancy, with regular measurement of human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations, allows for early detection of malignancy. Given the rarity of the disease, clinical management and treatment is best provided in specialist centres where very high cure rates are achievable. This review looks at advances in the diagnosis and early management of gestational trophoblastic disease and highlights updates to disease classification and clinical guidelines. Use of molecular genotyping for improved diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification is reviewed and future biomarkers for the earlier detection of malignancy are considered.
Clinical risk factors for testicular torsion and a warning against falsely reassuring ultrasound scans: a 10-year single-centre experience
Authors: Lukosiute-Urboniene Ausra , Nekrosius Deividas , Dekeryte Inga , Kilda Arturas , Malcius Dalius
Published: December 2022

Background

We sought to determine which demographic, clinical and ultrasonography characteristics are predictive of testicular torsion (TT) and to determine factors associated with time to treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all medical records of patients (0–17 years) with acute scrotal syndrome (ASS) who were treated in our hospital in Lithuania between 2011 and 2020. We extracted patients’ demographic data, in-hospital time intervals, clinical, US and surgical findings. TT was determined at surgery or clinically after manual detorsion. Test characteristics of demographic, clinical and US findings for the diagnosis of TT versus other causes of ASS were determined. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify independent clinical predictors of torsion, and factors associated with surgical delay.

Results

A search of medical records yielded 555 cases: 196 (35%) patients with TT and 359 (65%) patients with other ASS causes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age between 13 and 17 years (OR 8.39; 95% CI 5.12 to 13.76), duration of symptoms <7 hours (OR 3.41; 95% CI 2.03 to 5.72), palpated hard testis (OR 4.65; 95% CI 2.02 to 10.67), scrotal swelling (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.31 to 4.30), nausea/vomiting (OR 4.37; 95% CI 2.03 to 9.43), abdominal pain (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.45) were independent clinical predictors of TT. No testicular blood flow in Doppler US had a specificity of 98.2% and a positive predictive value of 94.6%. However, 75 (41.7%) patients with TT had normal testicular blood flow, yielding low sensitivity (58.3%) and negative predictive value of 81.3% for this US finding. In-hospital waiting time for surgery was longer in patients with TT with normal testicular blood flow by USS (195 min) compared with no blood flow (123 min), p<0.01. Higher orchiectomy rates were associated with longer duration of symptoms (p<0.001) and longer waiting time for USS (p=0.029) but not with false-negative US.

Conclusions

Pubertal age, symptoms duration of <7 hours, nausea/vomiting, palpated hard testis, abdominal pain and scrotal swelling are predictive factors for TT. Time lost between symptom onset and seeking medical care, and between arrival and US are associated with the need for orchiectomy. Preserved blood flow in USS does not rule out TT and may contribute to delays to surgery.
“I am not alone with tears”: embodying stigma and longing among youth living with perinatally acquired HIV in Tanzania through a collaborative arts-based approach
Authors: Hosaka Kalei Richard James , Mandewo Diana , Mmbaga Blandina T , Ngowi Happyness , Dow Dorothy E , Stewart Kearsley Alison
Published: December 2022

It is estimated that 4 million youth aged 15–24 years live with HIV globally, 85% of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. For youth living with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV), stigma is frequently linked with negative health outcomes. YPHIV face distinct HIV stigma experiences across the lifespan, particularly because of the centrality of the family context in their HIV experience and the reality that they have lived with HIV since birth. Nevertheless, our understanding and measurement of stigma remains limited. One way to improve our understanding of HIV stigma for YPHIV is through in-depth exploration of embodied narratives of HIV experience. This paper is based on fieldwork that incorporated a collaborative arts-based approach with a group of six YPHIV in Tanzania. Using artwork and a theoretical framework ofembodiment, this paper phenomenologically describes their narratives of HIV experience, perceptions of stigma over time and imaginations of the future. This paper highlights that collective solidarity,habitusand participants’ desire to reframe others’ perceptions about them and relieve the suffering of others shape the embodied experience with HIV. Moreover, this paper argues that stigma experiences for YPHIV are temporal and have changed over time with increased age, interventions and biomedical advances. Broadly, while HIV stigma continues to exist, participants report responding to stigma with agency by creating alternative solidarities and pushing boundaries of possibility, reframing others’ perceptions of them and acting on dreams for better futures.
Commentary on ‘Somewhere out there in a place no one knows: Yoko Ogawa’sThe Memory Policeand the literature of forgetting’ by John Henning
Authors: Hardy Chris J D
Published: December 2022

The Memory Policeis a disconcerting novel set on a mysterious island. Inhabitants of this island suffer objects being ‘disappeared’, and we follow our narrator’s journey as they try to navigate these disappearances. Henning in their compelling recent essay suggests that the novel can be more fully appreciated by engaging with a literature of forgetting and draws parallels between the events in the book and the course of the neurodegenerative process of Alzheimer’s disease. In this commentary, I suggest that the progressive deterioration of conceptual knowledge described in the novel most closely resembles that seen in the rare neurodegenerative disease, semantic dementia.
Improved analytical solution of lateral soil restraint for pipes buried in dry sand considering arching effects
Authors: Ye Mingge , Xie Qiwu , Ni Pengpeng , Qin Xiaogang
Published: December 2022

Abrupt transverse ground movements induced by landslide, strike-slip offset, and excavation can exert excessive soil restraints on buried pipes and threaten the pipe safety. The determination of lateral soil restraint is, therefore, a key factor for the evaluation of buried pipes in such areas. However, effective analysis solutions to assess the area of failure zone of surrounding soils and to estimate the soil resistance on pipes are still limited. In this work, an improved implicit limit equilibrium model is proposed to calculate the ultimate lateral soil restraint of buried pipes in dry sand, in which the effect of active soil wedge is considered, and the heights of equal settlement plane in both passive and active wedges can be estimated. Comparisons are made between collected physical modeling results and calculations from different methods. Results show that the proposed method yields a better approximation to the measured data. Parametric studies are subsequently conducted, which illustrate that the ultimate soil lateral restraint is influenced by the pipe diameter, internal friction angle, and constrained modulus of soil. The influence of effective soil unit weight is minimal. The proposed method is beneficial for safety evaluation of buried pipes subject to lateral dragging.
Allies for subsistence: poverty alleviation in community forestry limited by powerful actors
Authors: Burns Sarah L. , Krott Max , Salla Manjola
Published: December 2022

Over one billion people in the world depend on forests to meeting livelihood needs and more than half of them engage in community-based forest management. Community forestry has the potential of making important contributions in achieving the sustainable development goals; however, their positive effects on local livelihoods have been questioned. Actors, with their interests and power balance, can be important factors explaining the success of community forestry by shaping the decision-making process. Hence, the aim of our study was to analyze the economic performance of community forestry across the world, through its contribution to poverty reduction and explain how the economic outcome relates to the interests of the powerful actors. Community forestry from seven countries was analyzed including cases in Asia (Nepal, Indonesia, Vietnam), Africa (Namibia and Cameroon), and Europe (Germany and Albania). Data were collected with a sequence design method aiming to identify the participating actors and their power. A multivariate principal components analysis was conducted to capture the power dynamics within each community forestry. Results showed that community forestry programs do not always lead to poverty alleviation. The economic outcomes can be linked to the interests of the most powerful actors which in most cases do not desire a high economic outcome but rather promote contributions up to subsistence level.
Preventive effects of antenatal CDP-choline in a rat model of neonatal hyperoxia-induced lung injury
Authors: Koc Cansu , Cakir Aysen , Salman Berna , Ocalan Busra , Alkan Tulin , Kafa Ilker Mustafa , Cetinkaya Merih , Cansev Mehmet
Published: December 2022

Antenatal steroid administration to pregnant women at risk of prematurity provides pulmonary maturation in infants, while it has limited effects on incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the clinical expression of hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI). Cytidine-5′-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) was shown to alleviate HILI when administered to newborn rats. Therefore, we investigated effects of maternal administration of CDP-choline, alone or in combination with betamethasone, on lung maturation in neonatal rats subjected to HILI immediately after birth. Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: saline (1 mL/kg), CDP-choline (300 mg/kg), betamethasone (0.4 mg/kg), or CDP-choline plus betamethasone (combination therapy). From postnatal day 1 to 11, pups born to mothers in the same treatment group were pooled and randomly assigned to either normoxia or hyperoxia group. Biochemical an d histopathological effects of CDP-choline on neonatal lung tissue were evaluated. Antenatal CDP-choline treatment increased levels of phosphatidylcholine and total lung phospholipids, decreased apoptosis, and improved alveolarization. The outcomes were further improved with combination therapy compared to the administration of CDP-choline or betamethasone alone. These results demonstrate that antenatal CDP-choline treatment provides benefit in experimental HILI either alone or more intensively when administered along with a steroid, suggesting a possible utility for CDP-choline against BPD.
An Algorithm for Single View Occlusion Area Detection in Binocular Stereo Matching
Authors: Qian Ren , Zhao Yong , Feng Renyan , Yang Wenbang , Zhang Zaijun
Published: December 2022

Occlusion area detection is a crucial step affecting the performance of the binocular stereo matching algorithm, but the traditional method of occlusion area detection has two major problems, including left–right consistency detection (LRC). First, these algorithms must obtain the left and right disparity maps with precision. Second, these algorithms cannot detect the occlusion region at the image’s borders. We propose the single view occlusion area detective (SVOAD) algorithm to detect these occlusion areas and better deal with them. The SVOAD can detect the area of occlusion from a single image, thereby reducing the computational cost. Additionally, the algorithm can detect the occlusion region in all image regions. This paper also improves the guided filter so that it works better with the end-to-end neural network and makes the SVOAD algorithm work better.
An Improved DE Algorithm for Solving Multi-Furnace Optimal Scheduling of Single Crystal Silicon Production
Authors: Kang Lu , Liu Ding , Wu Yali , Ping Guozheng
Published: December 2022

Multi-furnace scheduling simultaneously is an important part to increase productivity and reduce the production cost in single crystal silicon enterprises. In the restrained power consumption requirements environment, the optimal sequencing of process operation start-time for single crystal furnaces is a challenging problem. To solve this problem, the scheduling model of multi-furnace scheduling is established in this paper to minimize the maximum completion time. Then, an improved DE algorithm called the multi-strategy individual adaptive mutation differential evolution algorithm (MSIADE) is presented to address the scheduling model. In the improved DE algorithm, the different dimensional and multi-strategy mutation operations are adopted to refrain the algorithm from the local optimal, then the different mutation factors are assigned to each individual through the rank of fitness function value to strengthen the exploration ability of the MSIADE algorithm. Simulation experiments results based on the standard test functions and the established scheduling model show the feasibility in the established model and the effectiveness in the proposed algorithm.
Non-monogenity of some number fields generated by binomials or trinomials of prime-power degree
Authors: Jakhar Anuj , Kumar Surender
Published: December 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime number and [Formula: see text] be an algebraic number field with [Formula: see text] a root of an irreducible polynomial [Formula: see text] having integer coefficients. In this paper, we provide some explicit conditions involving only [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] is non-monogenic. As an application, in the special case of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we show that if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] divides [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is not monogenic. We illustrate our results through examples.
Analysis of the Extreme Tsunami Risk to Sanya New Airport in the South China Sea
Authors: Zhao Xi , Liu Hua , Ren Zhiyuan , Jiang Yunpeng
Published: December 2022

The Manila trench in the South China Sea (SCS) is identified as being most susceptible to the future major earthquakes. Once a submarine earthquake occurs, the coastal areas and ocean engineering projects around SCS will be affected. Based on the Sanya new airport project, this paper presents an analysis of tsunami impacts to the project region. A series of numerical simulations of tsunami are carried out and compared under different magnitudes of earthquakes. An extreme tsunami induced by a giant earthquake of M9.3 is simulated and analyzed in detail. The tsunami propagation scenarios and surface elevation in the region are presented. The inundation map and flow velocity distribution are analyzed. The impacts of this human project to the coasts are discussed by comparing tsunami wave height with and without the artificial island. According to the numerical results and relevant analysis, the giant tsunami will have great impacts to the artificial island.
The global stability and optimal control of the COVID-19 epidemic model
Authors: Chien Fengsheng , Nik Hassan Saberi , Shirazian Mohammad , Gómez-Aguilar J. F.
Published: December 2022

This paper considers stability analysis of a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Virus (SEIRV) model with nonlinear incidence rates and indicates the severity and weakness of control factors for disease transmission. The Lyapunov function using Volterra–Lyapunov matrices makes it possible to study the global stability of the endemic equilibrium point. An optimal control strategy is proposed to prevent the spread of coronavirus, in addition to governmental intervention. The objective is to minimize together with the quantity of infected and exposed individuals while minimizing the total costs of treatment. A numerical study of the model is also carried out to investigate the analytical results.
Photoacoustic microscopy based on transparent piezoelectric ultrasound transducers
Authors: Peng Hangbing , Cheng Zhongwen , Zeng Lvming , Ji Xuanrong
Published: December 2022

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), due to its deep penetration depth and high contrast, is playing an increasingly important role in biomedical imaging. PAM imaging systems equipped with conventional ultrasound transducers have demonstrated excellent imaging performance. However, these opaque ultrasonic transducers bring some constraints to the further development and application of PAM, such as complex optical path, bulky size, and difficult to integrate with other modalities. To overcome these problems, ultrasonic transducers with high optical transparency have appeared. At present, transparent ultrasonic transducers are divided into optical-based and acoustic-based sensors. In this paper, we mainly describe the acoustic-based piezoelectric transparent transducers in detail, of which the research advances in PAM applications are reviewed. In addition, the potential challenges and developments of transparent transducers in PAM are also demonstrated.
Comparison of uniform resampling and nonuniform sampling direct-reconstruction methods in k-space for FD-OCT
Authors: Yang Yanrong , Dai Yun , Zhou Yuehua , Yang Yaliang
Published: December 2022

The nonuniform distribution of interference spectrum in wavenumber k-space is a key issue to limit the imaging quality of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). At present, the reconstruction quality at different depths among a variety of processing methods in k-space is still uncertain. Using simulated and experimental interference spectra at different depths, the effects of common six processing methods including uniform resampling (linear interpolation (LI), cubic spline interpolation (CSI), time-domain interpolation (TDI), and K-B window convolution) and nonuniform sampling direct-reconstruction (Lomb periodogram (LP) and nonuniform discrete Fourier transform (NDFT)) on the reconstruction quality of FD-OCT were quantitatively analyzed and compared in this work. The results obtained by using simulated and experimental data were coincident. From the experimental results, the averaged peak intensity, axial resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of NDFT at depth from 0.5 to 3.0[Formula: see text]mm were improved by about 1.9[Formula: see text]dB, 1.4 times, and 11.8[Formula: see text]dB, respectively, compared to the averaged indices of all the uniform resampling methods at all depths. Similarly, the improvements of the above three indices of LP were 2.0[Formula: see text]dB, 1.4 times, and 11.7[Formula: see text]dB, respectively. The analysis method and the results obtained in this work are helpful to select an appropriate processing method in k-space, so as to improve the imaging quality of FD-OCT.