bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sea Level Rise in Indonesia: The Drivers and the Combined Impacts from Land Subsidence
Authors: Triana Karlina , Wahyudi A'an Johan
Published: December 2020

Sea level changes play an important role as an indicator of climate change. However, without climate change, the sea level itself shows strong regional patterns, both in space and time, that could deviate significantly from global averages. The spatial variability of sea level changes in Indonesia can be divided based on its drivers, i.e., climatic and seasonal weather-driven and non-climatic and geological-driven. Seasonally, the sea level in Indonesia is generally high in northwest monsoon and low in southeast monsoon. Nevertheless, there is a possibility of extreme natural phenomenon influences that generate anomalies and a thermosteric process that also affects the sea level. On the non-climatic and geological theory, the uniqueness of the tectonic setting in Indonesia will create spatial variations in regional sea levels, as both static and dynamic changes in a long period of time. Land subsidence is also often regarded as a significant contributor to the rise of relative sea level in coastal environments. Combined with the rise in sea level, land subsidence will escalate coastal flooding risks, contribute to shoreline retreat, and be further aggravated by anthropogenic forces such as groundwater extraction and land development. This scientific review will summarize the spatial variation of sea level rise in Indonesia, examines the underlying drivers that control it, and provides an overview of the combined sea level rise and land subsidence as a significant threat in Indonesia.
Establishing an Ocean Acidification Monitoring System for the Tropical Waters of Indonesia Facing Regional Climate Variability
Authors: Prayitno Hanif Budi , Puspitasari Rachma , Jandang Suppakarn , Triana Karlina , Taufiqurrahman Edwards , Lestari  , Afdal  , Wulandari Ita , Harmesa  , Meirinawati Hanny , Lastrini Suci , Kaisupy Muhamad Taufik , Wahyudi A'an Johan
Published: December 2020

The emission of greenhouse gases, including high CO2 and other materials, initiates global warming and climate change. Atmospheric CO2 that affects the carbonate system of seawater causes ocean acidification (OA). OA affects marine organisms directly, as well as humans economically and ecologically. Considering the high impact of OA and following the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, systematic research and monitoring of OA is necessary in Indonesia, whose seas play an important role in this emerging phenomenon. This review discusses the urgency of OA monitoring systems and suggests carbonate system monitoring, as well as carbon biogeochemistry. OA significantly affects marine production and alters ecosystem services, and it is likely to have an impact on habitats shifting from calcified to non-calcified and reducing benthic complexity. Its effect on calcifying organisms can also be found, i.e., coral calcification and/or dissolution of CaCO3 of calcifying organisms. Acidity (pH), as well as the carbonate system variables of seawater, fluctuate, especially with variations in space and time. Coastal ecosystems that are directly affected by terrestrial input will have carbonate system variables that fluctuate more. The annual rate of decreasing seawater pH, especially over an open and large spatial scale, may indicate OA. Therefore, a monitoring system must be implemented to obtain systematic and comprehensive information on OA. Here, we also introduce a biogeochemical monitoring initiative for OA in Lombok with the established protocols. Improvement of many aspects, including analysis instruments, analysis methods, sample treatment, and sampling frequency will provide new insight into further research and monitoring of OA.
Persepsi mahasiswa tentang efektivitas pembimbing klinik
Authors: Permana Ryan Hara
Published: December 2020

Pendahuluan: Pencapaian keterampilan klinik keperawatan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pembimbing klinik.  Peran pembimbing klinik yang tidak efektif dapat menyebabkan rendahnya capaian kompetensi mahasiswa keperawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi persepsi mahasiswa tentang efektivitas pembimbing klinik.Metode:Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi, yaitu mahasiswa Program Profesi Ners Angkatan XXXVIII Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Padjadjaran. Teknik sampling menggunakan total Sampling dengan sampel yaitu 124 orang. Instrumen menggunakanThe Nursing Clinical Teacher Effectiveness Inventory(NCTEI) (Cronbach Alpha=0,79-0,89). Hasil:Persepsi mahasiswa terhadap efektivitas pembimbing klinik di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung (RSHS) diniali lebih baik (mean=261,28) dibandingkan dengan RSUD Dr. Slamet Garut (RSUD Garut) (mean=233,85). Subvariabel tertinggi pada pembimbing klinik di RSHS yaitu kemampuan mengajar (mean=5,75), sedangkan di RSUD Garut yaitu hubungan interpersonal (mean=5,12). Simpulan:Efektivitas pembimbing klinik di RSHS dipersepsikan lebih baik dibandingkan RSUD Garut. Institusi pendidikan perlu melakukan evaluasi dan pengembangan kapasitas dari pembimbing klinik secara berkala.
Selection of the structure of thermal generation in cities of the russian federation when actualizing the heat supply schemes
Authors: Kikot E. A. , Gazizov F. N.
Published: December 2020

THE PURPOSE. To analyze the materials of heat supply schemes for large cities of Russia, to consider the impact of an increase in the number of boiler houses in cities when planning the development and modernization of heat supply sources. To develop a methodology for choosing the structure of thermal generation in cities, which is distinguished by the use of an additional criterion for energy efficiency and a system of taken into account restrictions on the energy balances of the region. The weakening of attention to the overall energy efficiency of the aggregates of heat generation sources is shown, an additional reserve for increasing the energy efficiency of heat supply of cities is identified. METHODS. When solving this problem, methods of comparative analysis of the heat supply schemes of large cities of the Russian Federation over the past 7-10 years is used. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, created a methodological base aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of heat supply systems in the city. A criterion is proposed that takes into account the different efficiency of sources and structural effects that are realized when choosing the composition of working heat sources for the prospective of urban development. The basic provisions, the relations used, the features of the developed methodology are given. A conclusion is drawn on the appropriateness and effectiveness of these proposals when testing this method. CONCLUSION. The developed method for choosing the structure of thermal generation was tested in the analysis of schemes of large cities of the Russian Federation. Efficiency on the example of the districts of Nizhny Novgorod ranged from 16.5 million to 180.0 million rubles per year.
Potential Applications of Digital Financial Assets
Authors:   Cryptonomica Ltd, London WC1E 6HA, Great Britain, Ageyev V.N. , Vlasov A.V. ,   DeMontroyal LLC, Penza 440015, Russian Federation,   Technical Committee for Standardization No. 159 (Rosstandart), Moscow 123112, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze the future state of legal issues connected to the use of digital assets after the adoption of the Federal Law “On digital financial assets, digital currency...” in the Russian Federation. Results: The main areas of application are highlighted for digital financial assets in the form of shares on blockchain and digital bills of exchange. The authors conclude that the new Law introduces significant restrictions, but at the same time opens up certain opportunities for business development in operations with digital financial assets. It is seen that the terminology used in the Law does not always correspond to the concepts and standards established in international legal and business practice. Practical significance: Recommendations made in this article may be useful in practice for the exchange operator of digital financial assets, the operator of the information system, and other subjects working in the innovative infrastructure when planning activities in the field of regulation of the Law and in dealing directly with digital financial assets. To harmonize activities with digital financial assets, the legislator and the regulator, represented by the Bank of Russia, can also use the practice-oriented approaches described by the authors.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Budget Expenditure Policy
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation, Astapov K.L. , Musaev R.A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation, Malakhov A.A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The article discusses opportunities for improving fiscal policy in order to ensure macroeconomic stability and sustainable growth of the Russian economy. Budget expenditures have several key macroeconomic goals, the quality of which determines the effectiveness of budget spending policies. The authors developed a methodology that allows evaluating changes in the efficiency of budget expenditures based on a set of indicators. The estimates are based on the Russian Federation as the example, with special attention paid to the implementation of a balanced budget policy over the past decade. In Russia, significant progress has been made in ensuring macroeconomic stability through the introduction of flexible mechanisms for macroeconomic regulation (budget rules and floating exchange rates). However, when planning budget expenditures, additional attention should be paid to ensuring long-term economic growth and inclusive development, the structure of expenditures adjusted in accordance with these priorities. In the final part of the article, we consider changes in budget policy that have become a response to the crisis situation caused by the coronavirus pandemic. It is concluded that an increase in public debt may be appropriate in the current economic conditions in the event of a qualitative improvement in the budget spending policy.
Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Neonatal Septicemia in Kanti Children Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Nepal Deepeshwara , Agrawal Sumit , Shrestha Sushan , Rayamajhi Ajit
Published: December 2020

Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. Current neonatal mortality rate of Nepal is 21/1000 live birth which is higher than that of the global average of 19.2 and slightly lower than the regional (South East Asia). Pathogenic strains of neonatal sepsis varies from place to place and also from time to time, so it is very important to know the common pathogens and its resistant pattern locally. The aim of this study is to find out the hospital based frequency of neonatal sepsis and characterize the bacteriological profile along with their sensitivity and resistance pattern.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study done in Kanti Children Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal over the period of one year starting from July 2018 to June 2019.All culture positive cases were enrolled in the study and their sensitivity pattern were analyzed. Results were expressed as percentage, mean, P-Value and Odds Ratio.

Results: A total of 107 cases were culture positive among 1064 probable sepsis accounting 10.05%. Predominant microorganism isolated in this study were staphylococcus aureus 66(61.7%), Klebsiella spp. 15(14%), Esherichia Coli 7(6.5%) followed by Acinatobacter spp 6(5.6%). Most of the Gram positive organisms were resistant to Ampicillin, Cetazidime, Cefotaxime and sensitive to Gentamicin, Amikacin, Imipenam, Vancomycin, Ofloxacin, and Tigecyclin. Whereas Gram negative organisms are resistant to Cephalexin, Ampicillin, Piperacillin/Tazobactum, Cefotaxime and sensitive to Tigecyclin), Vancomycin Chloramphenicol and Colistin.

Conclusion: There was striking similarity in bacteriological profile in both early onset as well as late onset neonatal sepsis. Most of the pathogens were resistant to WHO first line antibiotics Ampicillin and also the resistance is increasing even in 3rd generation Cephalosporin.
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of steroid in treatment of Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) in children: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Acharya Anup , Pokharel Bandana , Pandit Shiva Bhushan , Bartaula Suman
Published: December 2020

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common disorder in children and lacks international consensus for its treatment. Out of various treatment options, few studies have show promising benefits of steroids for this condition. The objective of this study was to find the efficacy of steroid in treatment of OME and compare effectiveness of various modalities of treatment for OME. Also, we conducted their cost-effectiveness analysis.

Methods: In this experimental study, 160 children between one and 12 years of age having OME between September 2018 and January 2020 were randomized into four parallel groups and were managed with antibiotics-antihistamines-decongestant combination, nasal steroid spray, oral steroid, and watchful observation respectively. They were re-evaluated in one-month period for improvement in OME and appearance of any adverse effects. Improvement was compared with Chi-square test.

Results: A total of 160 participants were randomly divided into four groups by block randomization. The group treated with nasal steroid spray showed statistically significant improvement. The group treated with oral steroid showed improvement but was not statistically significant. Improvement was significantly lower in observation group. Cost of treatment was in the decreasing order in antibiotics-combination, nasal steroid spray, oral steroid and observation groups respectively.

Conclusions: Topical nasal steroid was the only efficacious treatment among the four modalities for OME. Furthermore, steroids were safe and cheaper than antibiotics combination.
About Errors Engineering and Deviceing Anchor Piles, Performed by Discharge-Pulse Technology
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building (2, Solyanaya Sq.,Tomsk, 634003, Russian Federation), Samarin D.G. , Filippovich A.A. ,   Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building (2, Solyanaya Sq.,Tomsk, 634003, Russian Federation), Ustyuzhanin V.L. ,   Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building (2, Solyanaya Sq.,Tomsk, 634003, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

The article examines a case from the practice of geotechnical construction, when errors in the calculations of anchor piles performed by discharge-pulse technology (DPT anchor) and deviations from engineering solutions could lead to an emergency. During excavation of the foundation pit, an underground parking lot under construction, the enclosing structure, fixed with DPT anchors, received unacceptable displacements. Calculations established that the bearing capacity of the DPT anchors on the ground was overestimated up to 3 times. In addition, the analysis of the available materials on this object allowed the authors to identify serious violations in the construction of the latter. It is shows that when carrying out work on the preliminary tension of the DPT anchors, in some cases, already with an effort of 10 tons, there is a loss of their bearing capacity along the ground. As a result, it became necessary to redesign the anchorage.
Methodology for Identifying Territories Within the Boundaries of Which it is Advisable to Place New Objects of Preschool and General Education
Authors:   OOO NPTS «City Development» (structure 3, 19, Mira Avenue, 129090, Moscow, Russian Federation), Dolgushin A.V.
Published: December 2020

The main factors determining the need to place educational facilities on the territory of municipalities and districts of Moscow are highlighted. The method of selecting territories within the boundaries of which the location of objects of preschool and general education is the most relevant is proposed. It was used to develop sound proposals for ensuring the balancing development of educational and housing stock facilities. In order to select priority territories within the boundaries of which it is advisable to place new objects of preschool and general education, specialists of the NPTS «City Development» determined the current and projected capacity deficit in objects of preschool and general education. The calculation was carried out in the context of individual buildings that provide services in the field of preschool and general education, residential blocks and micro-districts, as well as municipal formations. It was established that it is advisable to locate new pre-school education facilities within the boundaries of blocks where the projected capacity deficit exceeds 120 places, and to place new general education facilities within the boundaries of blocks where the projected capacity deficit exceeds 550 places.
Prognostic value of leukocytosis in pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Sivakumar Gnanamurthy , Goodden John R. , Tyagi Atul K. , Chumas Paul D.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to assess leukocytosis and its prognostic value in pediatric isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI).

METHODS

Two hundred one children with isolated TBI admitted to the authors’ institution between June 2006 and June 2018 were prospectively followed and their data retrospectively analyzed. Initial blood leukocyte count (i.e., white cell count [WCC]), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, CT scans, duration of hospital stay, and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale (PCPCS) scores were analyzed.

RESULTS

The mean age was 4.2 years (range 0.2–16 years). Seventy-four, 70, and 57 patients had severe (GCS score 3–8), moderate (GCS score 9–13), and mild (GCS score 14–15) TBI, respectively, with associated WCC of 20, 15.9, and 10.7 × 109/L and neutrophil counts of 15.6, 11.3, and 6.1 × 109/L, respectively (p < 0.01). Higher WCC and neutrophil counts were demonstrated in patients with increased intracranial mass effect on CT, longer hospital stay, and worse 6-month PCPCS score (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression revealed a cutoff leukocyte count of 16.1 × 109/L, neutrophil count of 11.9 × 109/L, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of 5.2, above which length of hospital stay and PCPCS scores were less favorable. Furthermore, NLR was the second most important independent risk factor for a poor outcome (after GCS score). The IMPACT (International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI) adult TBI prediction model applied to this pediatric cohort demonstrated increased accuracy when WCC was incorporated as a risk factor.

CONCLUSIONS

In the largest and first prospective study of isolated pediatric head injury to date, the authors have demonstrated that WCC > 16.1 × 109/L, neutrophil count > 11.9 × 109/L and NLR > 5.2 each have predictive value for lengthy hospital stay and poor PCPCS scores, and NLR is an independent risk factor for poor outcome. Incorporating the initial leukocyte count into TBI prediction models may improve prognostication.
Vacuum-assisted elevation of pediatric ping-pong skull fractures: a case series and technical note
Authors: Arocho-Quinones Elsa V. , Lew Sean M. , Foy Andrew B.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

The management of children with ping-pong skull fractures may include observation, nonsurgical treatments, or surgical intervention depending on the age, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and cosmetic appearance of the patient. There have been 16 publications on nonsurgical treatment using negative pressure with various devices. Herein, the authors report their experience with vacuum-assisted elevation of ping-pong skull fractures and evaluate the variables affecting procedural outcomes.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective chart review of all ping-pong skull fractures treated via vacuum-assisted elevation at the Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin between 2013 and 2017. Data collected included patient age, head circumference, mode of injury, time to presentation, imaging findings, procedural details, treatment outcomes, and complications.

RESULTS

Four neonates and 5 infants underwent vacuum-assisted elevation of moderate to severe ping-pong skull fractures during the study period. Modes of injury included birth-related trauma, falls, and blunt trauma. All patients had normal neurological examination findings and no evidence of intracranial hemorrhage. All fractures were deemed severe enough to require elevation by the treating neurosurgeon. All fractures involved the parietal bone. Skull depressions ranged from 23 to 62 mm in diameter and from 4 to 14 mm in depth. Bone thickness ranged from 0.6 to 1.8 mm. The time from fracture to intervention ranged from 7 hours to 8 days. The Kiwi OmniCup vacuum delivery system was used in all cases. Negative pressures were increased sequentially to a maximum of 500 mm Hg. A greater number of sequential vacuum applications was required for patients with a skull thickness greater than 1 mm at the site of depression and for those undergoing treatment more than 72 hours from fracture onset. Successful fracture elevation was attained in 7 of 9 patients. Two patients required subsequent surgical elevation of their fractures. Postprocedure imaging studies revealed no evidence of complications.

CONCLUSIONS

Increasing bone thickness and time from fracture onset to intervention appeared to be the greatest limiting factors to the successful elevation of moderate to severe ping-pong fractures via this vacuum-assisted approach. This procedure is a well-tolerated option that should be considered prior to performing an open repair in cases deemed to require fracture elevation. Future efforts will focus on larger-volume studies to better delineate inclusion and exclusion criteria, and volumetric analysis for better fracture-to-suction device customization.
OSMANLI BELGELERİ IŞIĞINDA ZURNA ve ZURNAZENLER
Authors: AYDIN Aytunç
Published: December 2020

Türk kültür ve müzik tarihi ile folkloru bakımından önemli bir unsur da Türk çalgılarıdır. Geleneksel Türk üflemeli çalgılarının en eskilerinden olan zurna, tarihten bugüne toplumun her kesimi tarafından sevilmiş ve bu suretle her düzeydeki ortamda icrâ edilmiştir. Türk müzik tarihindeki birçok konu gibi zurna çalgısına ve icrâkârlarına dâir tarihsel bilgilere ulaşmak ve bu yönde inceleme yapabilmek için en başta Osmanlıca adı verilen yazı biçimine hâkim olmak gerekir. Nitekim zurnanın Türk müzik kültüründeki önemi ve tarihsel anlamda zurnazenlere verilen değeri somut olarak gözlemlemek için incelenmesi gereken arşiv materyallerinin hemen hepsi Osmanlıca içeriklidir. Bu çalışma, geleneksel Türk çalgılarından zurnanın ve bu çalgıyı icrâ eden zurnazenlerin toplum nezdindeki önemi ve değerini ortaya koyması bakımından önemlidir. Çalışmanın amacı zurna çalgısının Türk tarihindeki yeri ve Türk kültüründeki değeri ele almak, bu bağlamda zurnazenlerin gerek devlet gerekse toplum nazarındaki konumunu Osmanlı arşiv belgelerine dayanarak ortaya koymaktır. Bu suretle zurna çalgısının toplumun her düzeyinde beğeni ve itibâr gördüğü, ayrıca zurnazenlerin paşalık derecesine kadar yükseldikleri, birçok rütbe ve kıdem aldıkları somutlaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın evreni Türk müziği çalgı ve icrâ tarihi olup, örneklemi Türk müziği tarihinde zurna ve zurnazenlerdir. Bu çalışma arşiv tarama, kaynak tarama ve çeviri gibi nitel yöntemler kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır.
ПЛЮСЫ И МИНУСЫ КОЛЬЦЕВЫХ РНК В КАЧЕСТВЕ ГУБОК ДЛЯ МИКРОРНК
Authors:   Физико-технический институт им. А.Ф. Иоффе, Дук М.А. , Самсонова М.Г. ,   Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого
Published: December 2020

Роли некодирующих РНК различных типов в клетке активно изучаются в последние годы. Одним из типов некодирующих РНК являются кольцевые РНК, которые ранее рассматривались как отходы процесса сплайсинга, однако на нынешний день у многих из них были обнаружены важные регуляторные функции, в том числе и работа в качестве губки для миРНК. Нами проведено сравнение работы такой губки для миРНК с работой классической ветви регуляции с помощью транскрипционного фактора с точки зрения эффективности, времени работы и шума. Показано, что кольцевая РНК с множеством сайтов связывания для миРНК оказывается значительно эффективнее, чем транскрипционный фактор, и такой контур работает быстрее, однако это верно только в условиях неполного насыщения сайтов связывания молекулами миРНК. Кроме того, шумовые характеристики контура значительно ухудшаются с ростом количества сайтов связывания. Показано также, что кольцевая РНК с одним сайтом связывания малоэффективна в качестве губки для миРНК. Предполагается, что такой тип регуляции в клетке является скорее некоторым специфическим инструментом.
ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ДНК С ФЕНАНТРОЛИНОМ И НОВЫМИ ФЕНАНТРОЦИАНИНОВЫМИ КОМПЛЕКСАМИ ZN(II)
Authors:   Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Акуленкова Е.В. , Демидов В.Н. ,   ООО «Pro-Brite», Мартынова А.О. ,   Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Пастон С.В. ,   Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
Published: December 2020

Методами оптической спектроскопии, флуоресценции и плавления ДНК изучено взаимодействие ДНК в водно-солевых растворах с комплексами Zn(II) и производных 1,10-фенантролина: бис-(1,10-фенантролин)-(1,10-фенантроцианин)-дицинка(II) ацетатом (diZn) и его предшественником - бис-(1,10-фенантролин)-цинка(II) ацетатом (monoZn). Взаимодействие фенантролина и металлокомплексов на его основе с ДНК существенно различается. MonoZn и diZn образуют комплексы с ДНК, причем в зависимости от соотношения компонентов реализуется несколько типов связывания, один из которых, предположительно, - интеркаляция. Насыщение связывания не зафиксировано при 0,1 ≤ r ≤ 20 для monoZn и при 0,1 ≤ r ≤ 1,67 для diZn. Возможно образование вторичных комплексов monoZn и diZn на ДНК. Взаимодействие с ДНК приводит к тушению флуоресценции металлокомплексов.
ТЕОРИЯ ИНВЕРСИИ ЗАРЯДОВОЙ СЕЛЕКТИВНОСТИ В КАТИОН- ИЛИ АНИОН-СЕЛЕКТИВНЫХ ПЛОТНЫХ КОНТАКТАХ МЕЖДУ ЭПИТЕЛИАЛЬНЫМИ КЛЕТКАМИ: НЕЛОКАЛЬНО-ЭЛЕКТРОСТАТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД
Authors:   Институт цитологии РАН, Рубашкин А.А. , Исерович П. ,   Медицинский центр Государственного университета Нью-Йорка, Воротынцев М.А. ,   Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина РАН,   Институт проблем химической физики РАН,   Университет Бургундии
Published: December 2020

Развита теория инверсии зарядовой селективности плотных контактов между эпителиальными клетками при изменении знака фиксированного в них заряда. На основе метода нашей работы, учитывающей эффект полости иона, рассчитаны изменения энергий сольватации ионов при их переходе в плотных контактах. Выведена формула для определения зависимостей отношения проницаемостей Na+ и Cl- в плотных контактах от концентрации и знака фиксированных в плотных контактах зарядов, а также от корреляционной длины воды. Развитая теория согласуется с имеющимися в литературе экспериментальными данными по инверсии Na+/Cl--селективности для клеток почки собаки Майдин-Дэрби при экспрессии в плотных контактах белковых молекул клаудина-15 с измененным знаком заряда аминокислотных остатков.
РОЛЬ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ КЛЕТОЧНЫХ СТЕНОК КОРНЕЙ В ПОГЛОЩЕНИИ МЕДИ РАСТЕНИЯМИ ВИКИ НАРБОНСКОЙ
Authors:   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, Мейчик Н.Р. , Николаева Ю.И. ,   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, Никушин О.В. ,   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, Кушунина М.А. ,   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова
Published: December 2020

Проведен сравнительный анализ накопления меди корнями растений вики нарбонской (Vicia narbonensis L.) и изолированными из них клеточными стенками. Установлено, что основным местом накопления ионов меди у интактных растений является корневая система, а клеточные стенки корней характеризуются высоким содержанием карбоксильных групп полигалактуроновой кислоты, что обуславливает их высокую связывающую способность в отношении ионов меди. Полученные результаты показывают, что основной стратегией защиты растений вики нарбонской от повышенных концентраций меди в окружающей среде является предотвращение накопления ионов этого металла в цитоплазме клеток корня путем депонирования их в клеточную стенку.
Customer retention management: A complementary use of data mining and soft systems methodology
Authors: Mehrabioun Mohammad , Mahdizadeh Bibi Malihe
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Customer retention and management of customer churn are deemed as among the most significant issues for businesses. Given the fact that customer churn is not typically predictable easily, identifying and analyzing customer churn is necessary for businesses. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, the current research was conducted to employ a complementary approach to identify the reasons influencing customer churn. METHODS: To do so, initially, customers’ data were clustered by recruiting the K-means method. Each cluster represented customers who held similar values and the probability of churn behavior. In the next step, stakeholder groups are identified based on the K-means algorithm. Then, Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) was employed to encapsulate each of the identified interested groups’ world-view to better understand logical reasons for churned customers. Purposeful activity modeling (human activity system) was adopted for each interested group utilizing SSM techniques. RESULTS: Using SSM techniques, purposeful activity modeling (human activity system) for each interested group adopted. Utilizing human activity systems for structuring debate sessions about change actions, short-term and long-term plans have been proposed to maintain and improve customer retention programs. CONCLUSIONS: SSM can be considered as an overarching approach that can afford a better understanding of the processes derived from data mining.
Test scheduling of System-on-Chip using Dragonfly and Ant Lion optimization algorithms
Authors: Chandrasekaran Gokul , Karthikeyan P.R. , Kumar Neelam Sanjeev , Kumarasamy Vanchinathan
Published: December 2020

Test scheduling of System-on-Chip (SoC) is a major problem solved by various optimization techniques to minimize the cost and testing time. In this paper, we propose the application of Dragonfly and Ant Lion Optimization algorithms to minimize the test cost and test time of SoC. The swarm behavior of dragonfly and hunting behavior of Ant Lion optimization methods are used to optimize the scheduling time in the benchmark circuits. The proposed algorithms are tested on p22810 and d695 ITC’02 SoC benchmark circuits. The results of the proposed algorithms are compared with other algorithms like Ant Colony Optimization, Modified Ant Colony Optimization, Artificial Bee Colony, Modified Artificial Bee Colony, Firefly, Modified Firefly, and BAT algorithms to highlight the benefits of test time minimization. It is observed that the test time obtained for Dragonfly and Ant Lion optimization algorithms is 0.013188 Sec for D695, 0.013515 Sec for P22810, and 0.013432 Sec for D695, 0.013711 Sec for P22810 respectively with TAM Width of 64, which is less as compared to the other well-known optimization algorithms.
Grafts Derived from an α-Synuclein Triplication Patient Mediate Functional Recovery but Develop Disease-Associated Pathology in the 6-OHDA Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Shrigley Shelby , Nilsson Fredrik , Mattsson Bengt , Fiorenzano Alessandro , Mudannayake Janitha , Bruzelius Andreas , Ottosson Daniella Rylander , Björklund Anders , Hoban Deirdre B. , Parmar Malin
Published: December 2020

Background: Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been proposed as an alternative source for cell replacement therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and they provide the option of using the patient’s own cells. A few studies have investigated transplantation of patient-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons in preclinical models; however, little is known about the long-term integrity and function of grafts derived from patients with PD. Objective: To assess the viability and function of DA neuron grafts derived from a patient hiPSC line with an α-synuclein gene triplication (AST18), using a clinical grade human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line (RC17) as a reference control. Methods: Cells were differentiated into ventral mesencephalic (VM)-patterned DA progenitors using an established GMP protocol. The progenitors were then either terminally differentiated to mature DA neurons in vitro or transplanted into 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats and their survival, maturation, function, and propensity to develop α-synuclein related pathology, were assessed in vivo. Results: Both cell lines generated functional neurons with DA properties in vitro. AST18-derived VM progenitor cells survived transplantation and matured into neuron-rich grafts similar to the RC17 cells. After 24 weeks, both cell lines produced DA-rich grafts that mediated full functional recovery; however, pathological changes were only observed in grafts derived from the α-synuclein triplication patient line. Conclusion: This data shows proof-of-principle for survival and functional recovery with familial PD patient-derived cells in the 6-OHDA model of PD. However, signs of slowly developing pathology warrants further investigation before use of autologous grafts in patients.
Super lightweight mobile RFID authentication protocol for bit replacement operation
Authors: Hou Yubao , Liang Hua , liu Juan
Published: December 2020

In the traditional RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) system, a secure wired channel communication is used between the reader and the server. The newly produced mobile RFID system is different from the traditional RFID system, the communication between the reader and the server is based on a wireless channel, and the authentication protocol is suitable for traditional RFID systems, but it cannot be used in mobile RFID systems. To solve this problem, a mutual authentication protocol MSB (Most Significant Bit) for super lightweight mobile radio frequency identification system is proposed based on bit replacement operation. MSB is a bitwise operation to encrypt information and reduce the computational load of communication entities. Label, readers, and servers authenticate first and then communicate, MSB may be used to resistant to common attacks. The security analysis of the protocol shows that the protocol has high security properties, the performance analysis of the protocol shows that the protocol has the characteristics of low computational complexity, the formal analysis of the protocol based on GNY logic Gong et al. (1990) provides a rigorous reasoning proof process for the protocol.
Achieving good health and well-being in Africa by 2030 using multi-state models, survival analysis, statistical methods for evidence-based medicine, diagnosis and determination of risk factors
Authors: Misiri Humphrey E.
Published: December 2020

Seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) were adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) is ‘Better health and well-being by 2030’. According to WHO, good health in the context of SDG3 is assessed with respect to the level and distribution of individuals’ and communities’ healthy life, conditions that affect health and well-being and risk factors whose presence would affect health and well-being. The overall aim is that each SDG target is achieved by 2030. In 2018 the WHO used statistical methods to assess the state of health in Africa in the context of SDG3. Their analysis revealed successes and shortfalls towards attaining SDG3. Backed by public health and other activities, statistics play an important role in improving the health and well-being of Africa. This paper explains how statistics can be used to help African countries to attain SDG3, in its role in modeling event histories, diagnosis, evidence-based medicine, determination of risk factors of exposures of morbidity and mortality, determination of risk factors of morbidity and mortality, the computation of the level and distribution of vital events, measuring disease frequency and progress, quantification of life expectancy and monitoring and evaluation.
Mind the gap. How job task distributions of health professional developers constitute evidence-based practice
Authors: Honoré Helene , Pallesen Hanne , Ellegård Kajsa , Nielsen Jørgen Feldbæk
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Development of clinical practice at a Danish neurorehabilitation centre was delegated to a group of health professional developers. Their job function lacked conceptual foundation, and it was unclear how their working tasks contributed to evidence-based practice. OBJECTIVE: Conceptual clarification of the job function and pattern analysis of activity distributions for health professional developers. METHODS: Health professional developers kept continuous time geographical diaries for two weeks. Meaningful categories were subtracted through content analysis. Patterns were analysed within activity distributions with regards to evidence-based practice. RESULTS: A total of 213 diaries were collected from 21 health professional developers of three professions (physiotherapists, occupational therapists and nurses). Each participant reported 6–13 workdays (median 10 days). Eleven main categories of work tasks emerged with 42 subcategories. Overall, 7% of total time reported was spent on external knowledge, with minimal variation between professions and contractual time allocation. CONCLUSION: Conceptual clarification of work tasks was established for health professional developers. Their work activity distributions contributed mainly to maintenance of existing level of professional knowledge rather than to implementation of new knowledge, which did not fulfil the intended responsibility for development of evidence-based practice. Educational competence boost and data-driven change of organisation structure was recommended.
Analiza zmian w zawodzie dziennikarza wywołanych pandemią COVID-19 z uwzględnieniem komunikacji z grupami docelowymi oraz wykorzystania nowych technologii
Authors: Tworzydło Dariusz
Published: December 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest identyfikacja i opis zmian, jakie zaszły w zawodzie dziennikarza w trakcie pandemii COVID-19. Metody badań: badania ilościowe przeprowadzone na próbie 316 dziennikarzy mediów funkcjonujących w Polsce, zaprojektowane i zrealizowane pod kierownictwem naukowym autora artykułu przy udziale ekspertów reprezentujących Polską Agencję Prasową oraz Instytut Rozwoju Społeczeństwa Informacyjnego. Wyniki i wnioski: pandemia spowodowała istotne zmiany w branży dziennikarskiej. Najważniejsze z nich dotyczyły budowy i utrzymywania przez dziennikarzy relacji z grupami docelowymi, stosowanych przez nich narzędzi oraz ich zaangażowania w nowe formaty dziennikarskie. Przestawienie się dziennikarzy na pozyskiwanie informacji z wykorzystaniem narzędzi online odbyło się bez większych problemów. Oryginalność i wartość poznawcza: praca ma charakter badawczy, zawiera szereg wniosków i analiz z przeprowadzonych badań ilościowych. Mogą być one wykorzystane w ocenie sytuacji związanej z pandemią COVID-19, a także do planowania kolejnych badań, szczególnie w obszarach wymagających szerokiej eksploracji.
Modernizm ve İran Konutlarının Dönüşümü
Authors: DANESHVAR ROUYANDOZAGH Yousef
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma ilk olarak modernizmin 1870-1979 yılları arasında İran’da oluşturduğu toplumsal ve siyasi platformu inceleyerek, modernizmin oluşumundaki Kaçar dönemi ve Pehlevi döneminde temel faktörleri tanıtmaya çalışmaktadır. Araştırma, İran’da konutların oluşumunda hakim ideolojilerin ve politikaların sonucu olarak geliştirilen mimari hareketler ile ilgili açıklamalar ortaya koymaktadır. Kadim dini otoriteler, ulusal kimlik ve modernizmin karşılaşması, Ortadoğu ülkelerinde, özellikle İran’da, büyük değişimlere sebep olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, İran toplumunda meydana gelen sosyal ve siyasi değişim, gündelik hayatın belirleyici aktörlerinden olan mimarlık alanında ise büyük dönüşümlere sebep olmuştur. Ulus devlet, dünyanın çeşitli ülkelerinde modernizm sürecinde en önemli aktör olmuştur. Buna göre, o dönemde bir ulus devlet olan Pehlevi devleti, İran toplumunun farklı katmanlarında ve ülkenin çeşitli bölgelerinde modernizmin gelişmesinde temel bir role sahip olmuştur. Bu dönemde, ulusal kimlik, ulus devlet kavramı tarafından yeniden tanımlanmış ve toplumun günlük yaşamı mimarlıktan etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışma İran konutlarının geçmişini inceleyen niteliksel bir araştırmadır. Araştırma, tarihsel yorumlama yöntemini benimseyerek, İran’da 1925 ve 1979 yılları arasında yapılan konut binalarının incelenmesinde çevresel, biçimsel ve anlamsal faktörlerin etkisini değerlendirmektedir.
CHOOSING TEACHING AS A PROFESSION: INFLUENCE OF BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS ON FALLBACK CAREER
Authors: Tomšik Robert , Gatial Viktor
Published: December 2020

Personality plays a significant role in influencing motivation for choosing a perspective profession. As empirical evidence confirmed, personality traits conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion are in positive correlation with intrinsic motives for choosing teaching as a profession (in negative with personality trait neuroticism), and in negative correlation with extrinsic motivation and fallback career (in positive with personality trait neuroticism). The primary aim of research is to point out the importance of personality traits in career choices via detecting which personality traits are predictors of fallback career. In the research first grade university students (teacher trainees; N = 402) completed the Five Factor Inventory and SMVUP-4-S scale. As results show, Big Five personality traits are in correlation with fallback career and are a significant predictor of fallback career. The Big Five model together explained 17.4% of the variance in fallback career, where personality traits agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience and neuroticism has been shown as a statistically significant predictor of fallback career of teacher trainees.
Keywords: Big Five, career choice, fallback career, personality traits.
Use of Ultrasound Microscopy for Ex Vivo Analysis of Acoustic Impedance in Mouse Liver with Steatohepatitis
Authors: Kumagai Hideki , Kobayashi Kazuto , Yoshida Sachiko , Yokoyama Koji , Hirota Norio , Yamagata Takanori
Published: December 2020

Scanning acoustic microscopy reveals information on histology and acoustic impedance through tissues. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether acoustic impedance values in the liver over time reflect the progression of steatohepatitis through different grades and stages, and whether this approach can visualize histologic features of the disease. Mice were divided into two groups: a control group and a steatohepatitis group prepared by keeping the mice on a methionine and choline-deficient diet for 56 weeks. The hepatic lobe was excised for measurement of impedance and observation of microscopic structure using a commercially available scanning acoustic microscopy system with a central frequency of 320 MHz. Scanning acoustic microscopy revealed that acoustic impedance through liver tissue with steatohepatitis temporarily decreased with the degree of fat deposition and then increased in parallel with the progression of inflammation and fibrosis. However, the acoustic images obtained did not allow discrimination of detailed microstructures from those seen using light microscopy. In conclusion, estimation of acoustic impedance appears to have potential clinical applications, such as for monitoring or follow-up studies.
Surgeon-led 7-VINCut Antibiotic Stewardship Intervention Decreases Duration of Treatment and Carbapenem Use in a General Surgery Service
Authors: Badia Josep M. , Batlle Maria , Juvany Montserrat , Ruiz-de León Patricia , Sagalés Maria , Pulido M Angeles , Molist Gemma , Cuquet Jordi
Published: December 2020

Antibiotic stewardship programs optimize the use of antimicrobials to prevent the development of resistance and improve patient outcomes. In this prospective interventional study, a multidisciplinary team led by surgeons implemented a program aimed at shortening the duration of antibiotic treatment <7 days. The impact of the intervention on antibiotic consumption adjusted to bed-days and discharges, and the isolation of multiresistant bacteria (MRB) was also studied. Furthermore, the surgeons were surveyed regarding their beliefs and feelings about the program. Out of 1409 patients, 40.7% received antibiotic therapy. Treatment continued for over 7 days in 21.5% of cases, and, as can be expected, source control was achieved in only 48.8% of these cases. The recommendations were followed in 90.2% of cases, the most frequent being to withdraw the treatment (55.6%). During the first 16 months of the intervention, a sharp decrease in the percentage of extended treatments, with R2 = 0.111 was observed. The program was very well accepted by surgeons, and achieved a decrease in both the consumption of carbapenems and in the number of MRB isolations. Multidisciplinary stewardship teams led by surgeons seem to be well received and able to better manage antibiotic prescription in surgery.
European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management: Effectiveness of First and Second-Line Treatment in Spain
Authors: Caldas María , Pérez-Aisa Ángeles , Castro-Fernández Manuel , Bujanda Luis , Lucendo Alfredo , Rodrigo Luis , Huguet Jose , Pérez-Lasala Jorge , Molina-Infante Javier , Barrio Jesús , Fernández-Salazar Luis , Lanas Ángel , Perona Mónica , Domínguez-Cajal Manuel , Ortuño Juan , Gómez-Rodríguez Blas , Almela Pedro , Botargués Josep , Núñez Óscar , Modolell Inés , Gómez Judith , Ruiz-Zorrilla Rafael , De la Coba Cristóbal , Huerta Alain , Iyo Eduardo , Pozzati Liliana , Antón Rosario , Barenys Mercé , Angueira Teresa , Fernández-Bermejo Miguel , Campillo Ana , Alcedo Javier , Pajares-Villaroya Ramón , Mego Marianela , Bermejo Fernando , Dominguez-Jiménez José , Titó Llúcia , Fernández Nuria , Pabón-Carrasco Manuel , Cosme Ángel , Mata-Romero Pilar , Alcaide Noelia , Ariño Inés , Di Maira Tommaso , Garre Ana , Puig Ignasi , Nyssen Olga , Megraud Francis , O’Morain Colm , Gisbert Javier
Published: December 2020

The management of Helicobacter pylori infection has to rely on previous local effectiveness due to the geographical variability of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of first and second-line H. pylori treatment in Spain, where the empirical prescription is recommended. A multicentre prospective non-interventional registry of the clinical practice of European gastroenterologists concerning H. pylori infection (Hp-EuReg) was developed, including patients from 2013 until June 2019. Effectiveness was evaluated descriptively and through a multivariate analysis concerning age, gender, presence of ulcer, proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) dose, therapy duration and compliance. Overall, 53 Spanish hospitals were included, and 10,267 patients received a first-line therapy. The best results were obtained with the 10-day bismuth single-capsule therapy (95% cure rate by intention-to-treat) and with both the 14-day bismuth-clarithromycin quadruple (PPI-bismuth-clarithromycin-amoxicillin, 91%) and the 14-day non-bismuth quadruple concomitant (PPI-clarithromycin-amoxicillin-metronidazole, 92%) therapies. Second-line therapies were prescribed to 2448 patients, with most-effective therapies being the triple quinolone (PPI-amoxicillin-levofloxacin/moxifloxacin) and the bismuth-levofloxacin quadruple schemes (PPI-bismuth-levofloxacin-amoxicillin) prescribed for 14 days (92%, 89% and 90% effectiveness, respectively), and the bismuth single-capsule (10 days, 88.5%). Compliance, longer duration and higher acid inhibition were associated with higher effectiveness. “Optimized” H. pylori therapies achieve over 90% success in Spain.