bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF CONTROL OVER INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PROJECTS WHICH ARE REMOTELY
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Yukhno Valentyna , Privarnikova Irina ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Published: April 2021

With the development of international activities of many companies, the question arises how to effectively organize control over international business projects. The difficulty of this control is due to the distance between the company's headquarters and foreign business projects. This study shows the features of the organization of remote control of international business projects by optimizing for their own needs different concepts, methods, types, approaches, stages, models, types of remote control, explores the pros and cons of remote control in different ways, the impact of cultural features on the implementation of remote control. Originality / value. The article analyzes when companies need to apply remote control, ways to improve remote control, compares the concept of remote control by international business projects, substantiates the feasibility of using different types of control (preliminary, current and final), offers new methods of remote control, analyzes different approaches to control , the stages of formation of the model of remote control over international business projects are investigated, the types of remote control and characteristics of companies and business projects are characterized, the involvement of different in detail, degree of coverage, frequency of control methods to optimize control of business projects is analyzed. remote control of the cultural characteristics of the host country (project location) and country of origin. Materials and methods. Theoretical materials of the organization of remote control are investigated and analyzed: economic literature (manuals and textbooks), scientific works (articles and theses). Different research methods were used: theoretical (material analysis and synthesis, generalization and explanation, classification, etc.), empirical (observation and description), systemic and functional.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE: PRACTICE OF INTERNATIONAL POTENTIAL
Authors:   Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Tsitsyk Olga
Published: April 2021

The article, based on the study of the essential and substantive features of the definition of "community", detailed acquaintance with the legal features and forms of territorial communities, identifies approaches to their formation in Ukraine, taking into account the positive international experience. Conceptual approaches and risks of implementation of administrative decentralization, world experience of realization of reforms of this type are considered, features of formation of domestic model of decentralization are clarified, and also the institutional basis of its realization in recent years in Ukraine is considered. It turns out that there is no universal effective model of organization of the territorial community. The practice of reforming administrative decentralization is ambiguous, differentiated, due to a number of factors. The analysis of international practice has demonstrated the existence of different approaches that can serve as an example to consider in the process of improving the existing system of decentralization in Ukraine.
THE INFLUENCE OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON FAIR SALARY
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryy National Law University, Pyzhova Maryna
Published: April 2021

The article considers state regulation in terms of ensuring fair wages. It is noted that in the transition to a market economy there is a separation of interests of employees, employers and the state. An employee is objectively interested in this if the state and trade unions really guarantee him social protection. Characterizing the role of the state, it is indicated on the one hand that it acts as a subject of social partnership and directs its activities to economic growth. On the other hand, in the event of the need for a sharp increase in wages, the state, using the tax system and other indirect methods, is able to reduce the negative consequences for the entrepreneur from making such decisions. Depending on the influence of certain factors, there are notions of normative and positive role of the state. The question of the insolvability of the problem of measuring the amount of labor is raised. Emphasis is placed on the fact that work is the functioning of the employee, his appropriate activities in production or in the field of services, in the process of which he spends some physical energy and mental effort. It is determined that with the help of the mechanism of state regulation the conditions of balance of interests of all subjects of labor relations are created. The state performs the function of ensuring the general conditions of socio- economic growth. In this regard, both the types of regulation and the mechanism itself are changing, ie the changes relate to methods, methods of regulation. It is concluded that the state needs to take on the organizing function of setting reasonable prices for labor, taking into account differences in the qualifications of employees. Nowhere in the world are there such great differences in wages as in modern Ukraine, which differ in complexity. The transition to a policy of anticipatory growth of monetary income should not be too abrupt, should be manageable and take into account the real situation with the availability of goods and services.
PECULIARITIES OF THE REGULATORY REGULATION OF THE PROCEDURE OF ENTRY OF CITIZENS OF UKRAINE TO THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED TERRITORY OF UKRAINE AND EXIT FROM IT
Authors:   National Academy of State Border Guard Service of Ukraine named after B. Khmelnytsky, Kushnir Yaroslav
Published: April 2021

The article examines the problems of entering and leaving the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine with the disclosure of the grounds for regulation, public necessity and its main regulatory framework for implementation. It is important to emphasize the importance of compliance with regulations, and also focuses on the conceptual apparatus, namely the disclosure of the content of the concepts "occupied territory", "quarantine restrictions", "demarcation lines", "legal regime in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine". Referring to regulations, we emphasize that sovereignty extends to its entire integral and inviolable territory. All public authorities, including officials, operate within the current Ukrainian legislation. In particular, within the limits of its powers provided by the Constitution of our country. We emphasize that all normative-regulatory documents that are valid on the territory of our state and accordingly regulate this research issue are undoubtedly important. Directly, in case of illegal crossing or moving above the specified area, criminal liability follows. It is worth remembering that documents may differ for citizens, but a special permit remains common, which is common to all categories of persons [6, p. 1]. This area of research is very relevant. It is important to disclose the issue of crossing the temporary occupied territory of Ukraine in compliance with the quarantine conditions. In particular, we must separately study the statistics of crossing or moving to a given area of our country for foreigners or stateless persons during the difficult epidemiological situation in the world, and the purpose of their arrival.
LEGAL SUPPORT OF DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN THE FIELD OF LABOR
Authors:   Uman National University of Horticulture, Mashkovska Liudmyla , Kovalenko -Chukina Iryna ,   Uman National University of Horticulture
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the issues of regularity of development of social relations in the field of labor, and its legal support, highlights the law to work as a subjective right of a person, which creates, first of all, a mechanism for implementing, protecting and protecting the entire system of workers' rights. Freedom of labor should include the possibility for a person to engage in or not to engage in work, and if engaged, to choose freely. Attention is paid to ensuring that everyone enters into labor relations without discrimination to realize their abilities, and regardless of the grounds of labor relations, the state is obliged to create effective organizational and legal mechanisms for labor relations at the level of law, and the absence of such mechanisms employee freedoms. All labor relations should be based on the principles of social protection and equality for all enterprises, institutions, organizations, regardless of ownership, type of activity and industry affiliation, as well as persons working under an employment contract, which, in particular, should be reflected in establishing an exhaustive list of conditions. and the grounds for termination of such relations. Since we are talking about the law to work as a subjective law, as well as legitimate interests arising from this law, the object of protection are subjective laws and legitimate interests enshrined in labor law, which reflect the diversity of labor activities of the parties to the employment relationship. This, in turn, creates a mechanism for the implementation, protection and defense of the entire system of laws of both employees and employers. It is their combination is the main content of the entire system of labor protection in the process of employment, in the process of employment and its termination. Modern conditions in which the state is recognized as social and democratic require that the social approach in law, including labor law, gradually become decisive. The personality of the employee in modern business conditions should play a significant role, relations in the field of hired labor should be reoriented in the social direction, in favor of the employee. Emphasis is placed on the fact that labor policy should be aimed at the active use of legal standards and their further development, taking into account the accumulated legal experience and modern business conditions, which, above all, should be focused on decent work and adequate pay.
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO HUMAN WORK: PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF YOUTH EMPLOYMENT
Authors:   Kryvyi Rih Faculty of the National University «Odessa Law Academy», Busakevych Anton , Stets Oleg ,   Kryvyi Rih Faculty of the National University «Odessa Law Academy»
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the legal nature of the right to work as one of the most important human rights. The legislative definition and realization of the right of youth to the first job in Ukraine is analyzed. The analysis of the youth segment of the labor market in Ukraine is quite disappointing: it is difficult for graduates of higher education institutions to find their first job without work experience, which leads to the fact that almost half of young professionals do not work in their specialty. Moreover, the analysis of the current labor legislation and the legislation regulating the legal status of youth in Ukraine allows us to conclude that today the country does not have a single system of regulations that does not allow for effective youth employment. The number of programs, decrees, resolutions, and separate laws on youth policy adopted in recent years does not significantly affect the legal status of young people. As a result, there is no mechanism for implementing a number of labor standards, especially in the field of youth employment. According to the authors, it is advisable to introduce innovations designed to help overcome a number of existing problems in the field of youth employment, namely the creation of an effective policy to support young people in finding their first job by the state and ensuring communication between higher education institutions and employers. In order to ensure effective employment of young people it is necessary to form a package of laws and regulations that provide training for workers and professionals in accordance with the needs of the workforce, their guaranteed employment, maintaining the first job for at least two years, creating favorable conditions for selfemployment. in the form of entrepreneurship, creativity, provision of services. The authors draw attention to the fact that today in Ukraine the issue of creative employment of children, which has recently become more and more popular, has not been settled. The article also analyzes the gaps in the legislation on the issue raised in the topic of work, in particular, proposed amendments to certain articles of the Labor Code of Ukraine; proposed proposals to improve the legal framework of Ukraine to improve the situation with the first job in Ukraine.
CHRONOLOGY OF THE EMERGENCE OF LEGAL STRUCTURES OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES THAT INVOLVE THE DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION WITH LIMITED ACCESS
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Prokopchuk Timea
Published: April 2021

Establishing the legal essence of crimes in connection with the impossible without a special study of their genesis. Any correct position that exists in the respective state is unexpectedly based on its disadvantage, if it is necessary to analyze the entire legal institution, it is necessary to trace its legal fate. An article devoted to the study of the issue appears in the domestic criminal law of the legal structures of criminal offenses - disclosure of information with limited access. The regularities in the development of criminal- legal regulation are outlined, the peculiarities of technical-legal character are determined. The study of criminal law protection of information with limited access in historical sources of law shows that the issue of creating an optimal model (design) of the relevant criminal law has not been resolved. Certain legislative approaches, reflected in the historical monuments of criminal law, can become guidelines for improving the existing criminal law. In particular, the author comes to the conclusion that the first full-fledged mention of a criminal offense - disclosure of information with limited access should be considered paragraph 6 of article 2 of Chapter Three “The rights by which the Little Russian people are suing”. In the future, other legal structures of criminal offenses appear - disclosure of private, official and professional secrets, information about pre-trial investigation, secrets of adoption. Negatively characterized the tendency of the appearance in 1970-2000 of a number of similar legal structures of criminal offenses in terms of the characteristics of the act, namely, the disclosure of information about the medical examination for HIV, information about security measures in relation to the person taken under protection, the secrets of financial monitoring, information, which is stored in electronic computers (computers), automated systems, computer networks, insider information.
ARBITRATION AWARD: THE CONCEPT AND BASIC REQUIREMENTS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Khoperiya Anayit
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the approaches to the definition of "arbitration award". Particular attention was paid to the problem of conceptual understanding of "arbitration" in Ukraine and difference of this understanding opposite to its worldwide understanding. The main problematic points that introduce contradictions between the Ukrainian and international approach to the definition of "arbitration award" were outlined. A formal and substantive distinction between the concepts of "award of arbitration courts", "decision of international commercial arbitration" and "arbitration award" was made. The author proposes considering arbitration award as a legally binding act of the arbitrator or arbitrators, which resolves a legal dispute between the parties, the competence of which arises from the prior agreement of the parties, and which is the final act of arbitration, under which the obligated party voluntarily performs its obligations determined by the arbitral award, or one of the parties applies to the court for recognition and / or granting permission to enforce the arbitral award. The main features and requirements for arbitration awards are identified. Based on the practice of foreign states, it is concluded that not all requirements for arbitration awards that are considered mandatory in the doctrine and legislation of Ukraine are the same in other states. In particular, the author states that in some cases such requirements as written form or justification of the arbitral award may not be mandatory. However, it is noted that failure to comply with the written form could make impossible to recognize and enforce the arbitration award in other jurisdictions. Author mentioned that all states could be divided into those whose legislation is more flexible in determining the requirements for arbitration award and the level of discretion of the parties in this area, or those whose legislation contained mandatory requirements for arbitration, which was Ukraine’s case.
BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR INFORMATION PROTECTION PLANNING IN INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AT AN ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Educational and Scientific Institute of Information Security of the National Academy of Security Service of Ukraine, Shepeta Olena , Tugharova Oksana ,   Educational and Scientific Institute of Information Security of the National Academy of Security Service of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

Today, the information protection at any enterprise is becoming one of the most urgent tasks because of the extremely wide use of various information processing systems, expansion of local and global computer networks, which transmit huge amounts of commercial information, which is owned by one who would not like any stranger to be acquainted with it. After analyzing scientific publications, we have come to the conclusion that with the increase of information processing in information and telecommunication systems, there is an urgent need to create an information protection service at an enterprise. The activities of the company's information protection service should be planned and regulated by local norms created and approved by the company's management, based on which it is advisable to comply with national legal norms of information security and use the recommendations of ISO 2700 series’ international standards. The creation of the information protection service at the enterprise aims at organizational support of the following tasks, such as: planning, management of the complex system of information protection in information and telecommunication systems and control over its functioning. The information protection service must carry out its activities in accordance with the "Information Protection Plan in Information and Telecommunication Systems", calendar, long-term and other work plans approved by the head (deputy head) of the enterprise. The information protection plan in information and telecommunication systems is a set of documents according to which the information protection organization at all stages of the information and telecommunication system life cycle is being carried out. In enterprises where the staffing schedule does not provide for the establishment of an information security service, measures to ensure the information protection in information and telecommunications systems may be carried out by employees appointed by the head of the enterprise’ order [4].
UNITY AND DIFFERENTIATION OF LEGAL REGULATION OF LABOR RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES OF THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE
Authors:   Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Mohilevskyi Leonid , Sіevidova Olha ,   Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs
Published: April 2021

The Public Prosecutor's Office in Ukraine plays a major role in the protection of human rights and freedom, of general interests of the society and the country, and in the strengthening of law and order, thus facilitating the establishment and development of the democratic constitutional state. The effectiveness of performing the duties put onto the prosecution of Ukraine is directly dependent on the prosecutor's offices' employees that are empowered to fulfill their professional responsibilities. The legal status of an employee of a prosecutor's office is specified in the Law of Ukraine “On Public Prosecutor’s Office”. Although, some aspects of these employees' work activity are normalised in the general labor law. This expresses the principle of unity and differentiation of the legal regulation of prosecutor's office's employee's labor relations. This article researches theoretical approaches to the definition of the concepts "unity" and "differentiation". The unity of the legal regulation of labor relations is manifested in the legally established equality of all employees. Differentiation is not opposed to the principle of unity, but takes into account the characteristics of different categories of workers and working conditions to ensure equality. The relationship between the general labor law and the special law on the prosecutor's office regarding the adjustment of the labor rights of the employees of Ukraine's prosecutor's offices had been analysed. The key to effective legal regulation of labor rights of employees of the prosecutor's office of Ukraine is compliance with unity and differentiation. It had been determined that the differentiation of the legal regulation of prosecutor's office's employee's labor rights determines the mandatory and priority application of the special legislation norms. In turn, the unity of the legal regulation of prosecutor's office's employee's labor rights determines the subsidiary usage of labor legislation norms in cases of an employee's individual labor rights not being determined in the special law on Public Prosecutor's Office. Unification of labor law norms governing the labor activity of this category of workers will make it possible to achieve an optimal balance of unity and differentiation.
LEGAL REGULATION OF CONVENING AND CONDUCTING REMOTE GENERAL MEETINGS OF JOINT STOCK COMPANY
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Diadiuk Anastasiia
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the issue of legal regulation of the convening and holding of the general meeting of the joint-stock company in a remote manner (hereinafter referred to as - GMJSC). Corporate enterprises are interested in holding a remote GMJSC. A remote GMJSC, on the one hand, would not require the physical presence of participants (their representatives), and on the other - would guarantee the compliance of their interests and corporate rights during the meeting. The personal appearance of the participants has been established as the imperative method of conducting GMJSC. Absentee voting (polls) has limited application and therefore is not an alternative to the face-toface manner. The remote form of GMJSC introduced at the time of the pandemic provides a complicated and lengthy process. The main advantage of it is the depository system control over GMJSC. The restrictions imposed by the national regulator and the lack of convenience for shareholders deprive the company of the opportunity to use the remote method of conducting the CJSC. The experience of countries belonging to different legal systems has been compared. The advantages and disadvantages of «virtual (electronic)» or «hybrid» methods of remote meeting have been investigated. The bill, which proposes to enshrine in national legislation the concepts of «electronic general meeting» and «electronic voting» has been analyzed. It has been substantiated the need for further development of the normative procedure for remotely conducting GMJSC (on-line), both in emergencies and permanently of the company's decision.
NEOLIBERALISM PHILOSOPHY IN LEGAL REGULATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY AS DIRECTION TO HANDLE WITH SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN COMPANY’S PURPOSE
Authors:   Kharkiv Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Toporkova Maryna , Fedotova Olena ,   Kharkiv Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Zhukova Anna ,   Kharkiv Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Published: April 2021

Our research lies in the field of correlation between the companies' development and philosophy of neoliberalism, philosophy that stood behind the policies of Margaret Thatcher in the United Kingdom and Ronald Reagan in the United States. The common significant feature of the above was government spending reduction and, as logically follows, reduction of government active involvement; this led to the policy of privatisation, market deregulation, lesser budgets and reduced numbers of government officials. Any opinion on neoliberalism inevitably depends on one’s ideology, it cannot be purely objective. This is what makes it more controversial and less “scientific”, but also more interesting. This question in itself shows us conflict between two common views: that focus on shareholders’ profit slows companies’ development, and an opposing one, suggesting that it enhances efficiency. There is also a third part of it: connection of neoliberalism to social inequalities. Yet the latter are hardly connected to efficiency and development; these are separate issues. Economy may be strong and fast-developing, yet having a great social inequality (as it often happened in 19th century), it may be based primarily on social policies, and even seem strong, but bear a flaw that would eventually cause its downfall (as proved by Soviet Union), or it may try to focus on both development and society (as many countries try to do now). Every combination has its own strengths and weaknesses; here is when an ideology becomes important, since ideology sets a list of priorities, thus allowing to decide which one is “better”. Although most academic works tend to avoid such decision, it becomes extremely important when a question of governmental policies arise, so it should not be ignored. Another important mental aspect are moral standards of a particular society; should at least those be common, they could have become a ground for standardisation. But, as philosophy of moral relativism suggests, they are not, [6] so current local ideology and practical considerations remain chief reasons to make a choice.
STATE-LEGAL COMPULSION IN THE CONDITIONS OF POLITICAL REGIMES
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of State Building and Local Government of National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, Oleinykov Serhii
Published: April 2021

State coercion analyzed based on the legal nature and legal restrictions of state power. The coercive function of power has a legal dimension - legal foundations and forms, reflected in the concept of state-legal coercion. Sociology reflects the process of adapting its content to the specifics of political regimes – traditional and modernizing, in which the compulsory function of the stage of democratic transition does not exclude compulsory arbitrariness. Metamorphoses of the political regime acquire hybrid forms, mimicry, the apparent legitimacy of democratic forms and institutions, when coercive power measures actually turn out to be both conditioned by legal imperatives and unlawful - a trivial power arbitrariness that ignores both legal requirements and institutions of public opinion, public control and etc. The traditional perception of coercion generated by the archaic mental traditions of etatism. The legal conditionality of state coercion determines its legitimacy, public recognition, as a necessary tool for the protection, protection, implementation and restoration of violated human and civil rights and freedoms. The modern understanding of state coercion, as a legal category, defines it as a public-power activity, the types and extent of which determined by legal principles and norms. Аnd its organization (institutions, powers, legal resources) is carried out in the legal forms provided for by law, containing a system of requirements for subjects state and legal coercion in a democratic regime. The legal requirements also include ethical standards – international legal and national legal, which implemented in modern ethical codes of conduct for civil servants.
THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF FUNCTIONING OF STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION SECURITY
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Paliy Svitlana
Published: April 2021

The analysis of theoretical bases of development and functioning of the state policy in the field of information security has allowed to come to a conclusion that in domestic scientific circles the research of the given question and problems of perfection of mechanisms of maintenance of safety in information space was engaged by a considerable quantity of scientists, in particular: S. Gorova, N. Grabar, M Gutsalyuk, A. Turchak, J. Chmyr and others. At the same time, it is substantiated that in the science of public administration, today, there is no unified definition of "state policy in the field of security in the information space", because the disclosure of this category in modern scientific thought is not detailed enough. The opinion is substantiated that the state policy in the field of information space security can be defined as a specific complex phenomenon in society, which includes a large number of components of different directions (economic, foreign policy, military, technological and other). In this concept, the activities of public authorities should be aimed at creating favorable conditions for the implementation of state measures to ensure a high level of security in the information environment of the country. The opinion is proved that the state-legal mechanism of public administration in the field of ensuring the security of the information space of the state acts as a holistic system of public authorities and special institutions that outline the legal field in this area and effectively regulate economic, financial, economic and social relations. between subjects in the field of information space security and information data protection. It is noted that the organizational and legal mechanism of public administration in the field of information security of the state provides an opportunity to coordinate the development of regulatory framework in accordance with modern progress and development of information technology in the world, as well as creating an algorithm for public authorities to implement effective state policy in the field of information security of the state, taking into account the necessary resources and by exercising the function of control over their use.
MANAGEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES OF LOCAL COMMUNITY: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES
Authors:   Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A.S. Makarenko, Semenets-Orlova Inna , Tsehelna Irina ,   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of the infrastructure management system of the territorial community. In most countries that have succeeded in economic and social development, the development of infrastructure in the field of services is ensured by: setting tax rates below the world average; state support for the development of infrastructure in the field of services that serve the manufacturing sector; support of favorable conditions for expansion and renewal of service infrastructure sectors; training of highly qualified specialists to meet the needs of the national economy to ensure sustainable development of services. In Ukraine, it is advisable to develop such types of infrastructure as: marketing, leasing, innovation, environmental, creating conditions for the progressive development of the economy, job creation, solving social problems. Noteworthy is the policy of reinvestment, the application of which will promote the development of small business, attracting investment in infrastructure. It should be noted that it is necessary to intensify the process of independent development of regulators that contribute to the growth of investment and efficiency of their use in the general infrastructure by providing certain benefits and various guarantees to participants in investment activities. It is noted that special attention in Ukraine should be paid to the formation of clusters and the development of public-private partnerships in various sectors of the economy. The effectiveness and self-sufficiency of the primary level of local self- government of territorial communities can be ensured mainly through a perfect state policy in the context of decentralization of power, but no less decisive is the initiative of territorial communities and their desire to cooperate not only with the state but also with each other. use of resources.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE PUBLIC GOVERNANCE SYSTEM
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Gula Olena
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the experience of foreign countries in ensuring personnel security in the public administration system. However, abroad, personnel security is not considered as the basis for the formation of an effective public service system. At the same time, there are personnel procedures and mechanisms that ensure the protection of the public administration system from unprofessional, dishonest employees, at the same time there is a whole set of procedures for personnel development and improvement. The institution that provides personnel security in the US public service is the Bureau of Civil Service Personnel Management, which is tasked with ensuring the centralization and coordination of personnel work in the administration of public administration. The competence of the Bureau includes the appointment of employees to positions and their promotion, evaluation of their work, training, promotion and punishment, development of recommendations for improving staffing. For most American officials, promotion is based on the principle of the merit system - the selection of the best candidates for promotion in competitive exams, as well as on the basis of an annual assessment of their performance. In the very center of personnel security of public administration in France is the principle of distinction between rank and type of work. For the development of professionalism, the civil service provides for the development of mobility among civil servants. In order to introduce elements of comparison between different tasks (different types of work) and help to organize a real career growth based on the capitalization of different professional experiences enriched with mobility, as well as continuous training, it is necessary to create a system of interconnection. This is what in France is called a "grid" of qualifications and awards. Personnel security of the Spanish public administration system is organized on the principle of the so-called career or closed system, the main feature of which is the recruitment of staff to public authorities (announcements and administrative processes) for a separate position at the basic level, within which career advancement is possible. promotion) and salary increase.
CIVIL SOCIETY AS THE MAIN DRIVER SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMUNITIES IN CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION
Authors:   National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine, Orlova Alla
Published: April 2021

The article considers a set of issues related to the formation of sustainability in the state at different levels of government: national, regional and local, with an emphasis on the sustainability of territorial communities. The concept of "sustainability" is defined, the criteria of sustainability for national security and its components at the local level are analyzed, in particular, in the formation of affluent communities. Sustainability is considered in various aspects: as a component of national security and defense of the state, in relation to the concepts of "cohesion" and "national security". Financial stability is justified as an important sign of the viability of local communities. The role of civil society in shaping the sustainability of communities is revealed, as well as different views of scientists on the impact of civil society on sustainability are analyzed. The foreign experience of implementation of the basic principles of sustainability in the life of communities is studied. The most important component of sustainability is the ability of the community to consolidate to counteract harmful and dangerous external and internal influences. Open partnership of public authorities with business structures and the public should be a prerequisite for this. It is proved that in the conditions of decentralization and various internal and external challenges, civil society (active citizens and civil society institutions) can and should be a driver of community sustainability. It is assumed that the implementation of state policy to promote the development of civil society should create a solid foundation of democracy in Ukraine as a component of national sustainability. Since the systemic mechanisms for ensuring national sustainability in the Ukrainian state at both national and local levels are not yet fully formed, the development and implementation of comprehensive strategic decisions in this area requires proper scientific substantiation, which is why the author’s contribution to this topic.
NATIONAL RESILIENCE’S FORMATION EXPERIENCE OF WESTERN EUROPE
Authors:   National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine, Zavoritnya Halyna , Poreva Vira ,   National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine, Rozhak Lesya ,   National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

The article states that sustainability policy is an integral part of ensuring national security through the implementation of public administration. Sustainability aims to develop the ability of society and the state to quickly adapt to changes in the security environment and to maintain sustainable functioning in the face of internal and external threats. Among the current threats to national security and national interests of Ukraine, two have been studied: the prevention of corruption in public administration as a systemic internal factor and the problem of climate change, the negative impact of which on the population is also a global threat. It was emphasized that in order to develop an effective mechanism of national stability, it would be appropriate to study and implement certain components from the experience of Western countries, NATO member states and the EU. Ensuring the stability of the intergovernmental association is possible only if the stability of each individual member state is ensured. The example of the Federal Republic of Germany has shown that ensuring national stability is comprehensive and requires coordination of actions and a clear division of powers between the central government, local governments and civil society. For Ukraine, the study of theoretical, conceptual and practical principles of the policy of sustainability of Western countries is especially important given the external strategic course of integration into the European Union and NATO.
Quercetin Induces Lipid Domain-Dependent Permeability
Authors: Slade Natalia , dos Santos Cabrera Marcia P. , Martins Danubia Batista
Published: April 2021

In this work, we present our results on quercetin interaction with distinct model membranes exploring the importance of lipid phases, ld, ld/lo and ld+lo+so, to the action of this flavonoid in bilayers and possibly contributing to clarifying some controversial aspects related to quercetin multiple activities. We found out that quercetin is able to increase membrane permeability in a manner dependent on the presence and characteristics of lipid domains. In the presence of sphingomyelin, we found the greatest increase in mean membrane permeability (at least 10 times higher than the other lipid compositions). We also observed the presence of micrometric domains whose shape and size were disturbed by the action of quercetin. The presence of cholesterol increased membrane rigidity. This effect was enhanced with the presence of quercetin, but for chol-sphingomyelin combination, the bilayers became more flaccid at low quercetin/lipid proportions (< 1/5) and moderately rigid at proportions of the 1/1 order. The affinity parameters were higher for the most homogeneous systems and with larger areas and extensions of disordered liquid phase than for those systems of higher heterogeneity.
Cooperative Single-Atom Active Centers for Attenuating Linear Scaling Effect in Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ye Ke , Hu Min , Li Qin-Kun , Luo Yi , Jiang Jun , Zhang Guozhen
Published: April 2021

We elucidate how the cooperation of two active centers can attenuate the linear scaling effect in NRR, through the first-principle study on 39 SACs comprised of two adjacent (~4 Å apart) four N-coordinated metal centers (MN4 duo) embedded in graphene.
Rethinking the Boundary Conditions in the Particle-in-a-Box Mind Experiment
Authors: Chen Jixin
Published: April 2021

In this manuscript, I speculated that the energy density distributions along space and time in a quantum system are uniform. Thus, the complementary energy contributions are added to the classical solutions of the 1D particle in a box problem, making the energy density a complex distribution function over space and time. Then the concept is extended to the free rotation problem with a Hamiltonian slightly different than the classical Schrödinger equation. The picturized energy distribution functions and associated time evolution are described in movies for comparison between example classical wave functions and the energy density function.
Area Selective Deposition of Metal Films Using Temperature Sensitive Masking Materials and Plasma Electrons as Reducing Agents
Authors: Nadhom Hama , Yuan Yusheng , Rouf Polla , Solin Niclas , Pedersen Henrik
Published: April 2021

The potential of area selective deposition (ASD) with a newly developed chemical vapor deposition method, which utilize plasma electrons as reducing agents for deposition of metal films, is demonstrated using temperature sensitive polymer-based masking materials. The masking materials tested were polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), parafilm, Kapton tape, Scotch tape, and office paper. The masking materials where all shown to prevent film growth on the masked area of the substrate without being affected by the film deposition process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms that the film deposited consist mainly of metallic iron, whereas no film material is found on the masked areas after mask removal. SEM analysis of films deposited with non‑adhesive masking materials show that film growth extended for a small distance underneath the masking material, indicating that the CVD process with plasma electrons as a reducing agent is not a line-of-sight deposition technique. The reported methodology introduces an inexpensive and straightforward approach for ASD that opens for exciting new possibilities for robust and less complex area selective metal‑on‑metal deposition.
Prediction score to assess morbidity/mortality of patient after fracture proximal 1/3rd femur
Authors: Ravindra B. Gunaki  , Rahul Sharma  , Chitresh Mehta  , Swapnil Chitnavis  , Vibhu Pratap Singh
Published: April 2021

Fractures around the hip joint in the elderly is a major health concern with respect to perioperative and post operative morbidity, especially in the 1-year postoperative period. The prospective and retrospective study was carried out at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, over a period of 1 year. Various comorbidities play a detrimental role in the postoperative outcome of these fractures. 100 patients of the gediatric age group with fracture around the hip joint were studied and followed for about a year to assess 1-year morbidity. An attempt is made to categorize all the comorbidities and create a Comorbidity Index. The Predictors included in the Comorbidity Index are age, pre-fracture mobility, anaemia, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, renal disease, dementia, alcohol dependence, tobacco chewing, serum protein levels, previous surgeries, stroke, antiplatelet drug intake, duration between operation and death and cause of death. The outcome of the Comorbidity Index determines the deceased patients had an average of 13.73 Comorbidity Index Score, whereas the non-deceased patients had an average of 4.95 Comorbidity Index Score. This score can also be helpful in providing counselling to the patient and the patient's relative  about the patient's outcome for surgery. This score will also prove useful in reducing medico-legal complications and will be documented and explained to the patient's relatives.
Standardization of Ayurvedic gargle (Kavala) based on volume and time of holding with special reference to its immediate effect
Authors: Saniya C K  , Mangalagowri V Rao  , Sunil Choudhary  , Singh O P
Published: April 2021

Traditional medical systems like Ayurveda always give importance for preservation and restoration of health. Gandoosha and Kavala are two therapeutic and preventive measures described in Ayurveda for oral health. In the classical texts, the exact volume of kavala dravya and time duration for kavala procedure is not mentioned, where the measurements are made according to the capacity of the individual. The objective of this study is to standardize the amount of kavala dravya and time taken for kavala in healthy volunteers. In this study, kavala dravya was prepared and was given to 30 voluntary participants, in the dose of half of their maximum oral capacity, and the time for attaining samyak lakshana was noted. By statistical techniques, the mean amount of kavala dravya and mean time taken for samyak lakshana were found out and were respectively 50 ±  3.3 ml and 120 ±10 seconds. Along with this, the majority of the participants had showed positive effects of Kavala like the feeling of cleanliness, increased salivation, feeling of freshness and aroma to the oral cavity. As the sample follows the standard normal distribution, the means on volume and time taken for Kavala can be extrapolated to other population. This may help to assess the reliability and comparability of future research on Kavala.
In-silico Analysis of Terpenes From Mentha rotundifolia (L) As Human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-Related Carboxypeptidase (ACE2) Inhibitors
Authors: Geeta Mounika  , Netala Silvia  , Gondu Eswara Rao  , Kotte Raju  , Siva Kumar B  , Ravi Chandra Sharabu  , Radha Madhavi B  , Sujit Kumar Mohanty
Published: April 2021

The Mentha genus includes several species such as Mentha rotundifolia L., which is widely distributed around the Mediterranean basin, America and in western Asia.  The plant is recommended in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. It has also been used to discover biomolecules that have significant beneficial effects with fewer side effects. Mentha rotundifolia (L) leaves are potential as an antihypertensive cause of terpenes which contain in them. 36 different terpenes and terpenoids have been identified and selected from this plant.  This study evaluated the mechanism of phytoconstituents from the above plant in the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) with molecular docking. Selected ligands were docked on the receptor (PDB ID: 1R4L) using Auto Dock Vina and analysed by PyMol. 2D and 3D structures of compounds were drawn by the Chem Draw program. The standard drug that has been taken for the study, lisinopril, has shown a binding affinity of -7.8 Kcal/mol. Calacorene, one of the terpenes present in the plant, has interacted with Phe274, Asp367, Glu406, Thr445, Thr371 residues of protein and produced a docking score similar to that of the standard drug Lisinopril. In the light of the results obtained, the plant studied is promising as a source of natural hypotensive agent that can be further developed as a lead molecule.