bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Velocity Characteristics of the Wheel in Grinding Axisymmetric Aspheric with AEGM
Authors: Zhou Xu Guang , Yan Qiu Sheng , Zhu Guang Li , Kong Ling Ye
Published: February 2012

It is an important method to machine revolution aspheric with Arc Envelope Grinding Method（AEGM）. CNC system controls the feed rate of the arc center of the end of the wheel in grinding, Disk-shaped grinding wheel processing curve (ie, cross-section curve of rotary aspheric) and motion curve of the arc center of the wheel are equidistant curves each other . Based on the analysis of the angular velocity (ω) of the grinding point, the relationship between the feed rate of the arc of the wheel (υ0) and the feed rate of the grinding point (υ) is analyzed, the feed rate and the angular velocity of the grind point is discussed when the eccentricity of the meridional cross-section curve take different values. The results show: 1) the feed rate of the grinding pointυ=υ0±ωr; 2)ω is changing in grinding, When the caliber of axisymmetric aspheric (ie, z value) is small, ω will change slowly, otherwise, ω will change rapidly when the caliber of axisymmetric aspheric is large; 3) the ratio of υ/υ0 will change with the z-axis coordinate changes. υ/υ0is larger when the caliber of axisymmetric aspheric is smaller. By analyzing ,υ/υ0 and other parameters, the motion law of the wheel is obtained, which will provide confirm base for optimizing feed rate in grinding and improve the precision of grinding.
Finite Element Simulation of Axial Creep-Feed Grinding Engineering Ceramics Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA
Authors: Tian Xin Li , Li Fu Qiang , Mao Ya Tao , Zhang Bao Guo , Wang Jian Quan
Published: February 2012

Introducing the grinding mechanism of axial creep-feed grinding ceramics with a single diamond grain. Establishing the simulation model of a single grain grinding engineering ceramics by axial creep-feed grinding and analyzing the simulation results of the grinding force in the X,Y,Z axis. Finally, the impacts of the wheel speed, axial feed rate and workpiece speed upon grinding forces were discussed by simulating the single diamond abrasive grinding process under different grinding conditions.
A Temperature Control System Design Using Integration Network
Authors: Yan Wei , Huang Xian Qi , Zhou Ying Sheng
Published: February 2012

For a large percentage of control systems, the primary objective is to obtain high steady-state accuracy. Another goal is to maintain the transient performance of these systems within reasonable limits. The steady-state accuracy of many feedback systems can be increased by increasing the amplifier gain in the forward channel. We will describe the design of the integration compensation networks in order to obtain a suitable system performance.
A Novel Camera Calibration Method Based on Circle Array Target
Authors: Wang Hong Ru , Ding Wen
Published: February 2012

To improve accuracy of computer visual inspection in keyboard automatic assembly line, a new two-stage camera calibration method was presented. 2D circle array was used as calibration plate, and centers of the circles were taken as feature points. And feature point coordinates were extracted without human interference. The proposed camera calibration method was divided into two stages. First, lens distortion was neglected, internal and external parameters of the camera were obtained by modified camera calibration toolbox for MATLAB. Then, lens distortion was taken into account, and improved genetic algorithm (GA) was adopted to optimize camera parameters gotten in the first stage. Experiment results indicate the proposed method is feasible, and can meet with requirements of the given application.
Deterministic Model and Genetic Algorithm of Joint Inventory Control for Virtual Logistics
Authors: Jiang Da Li , Wang Feng
Published: February 2012

Virtual logistics is the trend of development for modern logistics. The problem of optimum of whole inventory of enterprises inside the virtual logistics organization should be solved immediately. This paper makes a deep research on virtual logistics joint inventory control problem, and puts forward an inventory control model based on indirect grouping. The model is a NP-Hard problem, so we put forward a genetic algorithm to solve the problem. The results of computational experiment prove the performance of both the model and the genetic algorithm.
Analysis of Microstructure of Grinding Strengthening Layer in Point Grinding under Small Depth of Cut Conditions
Authors: Xiu Shi Chao , Liu Ming He , Wei Jian Hen
Published: February 2012

Grinding strengthening and hardening can change and improve the ground surface integrity directly by the composite process of thermal load and mechanical force during process. The thickness and distribution of strengthening layer in ground surface makes the key role to measure the surface integrity of workpiece. The hardness and size of strengthening layer can influence the fatigue strength working life of the workpiece significantly. Based on the grinding strengthening test of 45 steel specimens, the strengthened layer microstructure, thickness and surface hardness were analyzed. This study illustrates the mechanism of grinding strengthened layer formation and also provides the theoretical basis for grinding strengthening and hardening layer quality control and grinding strengthening process making properly under small depth of cut conditions.
Study of Tool Materials Rapid Selection in Cutting 300M Steel
Authors: Xie Jun Xian , Chen Wu Yi , Sun Jian Fei
Published: February 2012

The validity of tool materials rapid selection based on initial wear for milling 300M steel were investigated under different cutting speed condition. Wear experiments of three tool materials selected from 17 tools suggested by the tool makers were conducted at three levels of cutting speed: low speed (100.5m/min), medium speed (150.7 m/min) and high speed (201.0m/min).Wear curves of the three tool materials are obtained through the above wear experiments. The relationship between tool performance and initial wear is analysed based on the obtained wear curves.
Effect of Multiple-Binders on Properties of Al2O3-Based Ceramic Foam Filter
Authors: Ma Zhan Hong , Zhao Pei Feng
Published: February 2012

In this paper，Al2O3ceramic foam filters prepared by polyurethane sponge impregnation.The effect of multiple binders on properties of ceramic foam was studied . The results show that using 90g dihydrogen phosphate and 30g under the CMC 1350°C sintered alumina matrix ceramic foam filters are the best performance. The compressive strength of the Al2O3-based foam ceramics prepared with optimal multiple-binder and sintered at 1350°C could reach up to 1.697MPa. At the same time,it is obtained through test that the thermal shock times of sintered samples reached 5 by staying at 1100°C for 10 min.
The Influence of Different Surfactants on Morphology of Nano Calcium Sulfate
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Cong , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2012

A key factor of preparing different morphologies of nanometer calcium sulfate (CaSO4) is to select proper surfactants for forming compounding reverse micelle microemulsion, which makes calcium sulfate crystals grow with an optimal template effect of reverse micelle. It was found that flake-like, rod-like and sphere-like nanometer calcium sulfates were obtained in reverse microemulsion systems of OP-10 / cyclohexane / n-pentanol / water, AEO / cyclohexane / n-pentanol / water and AOT+OP-10 / cyclohexane / n-pentanol / water, respectively. The morphology and particle size were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The morphology of nanometer calcium sulfate by some other surfactants of reverse micelle microemulsion systems was briefly introduced. Furthermore, how the critical packing parameter (P) of different surfactant molecules influence the morphology of nanometer calcium sulfate was also analyzed.
Study of Duplex Ageing Treatment of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy after Deformation at Room Temperature
Authors: Deng Peng Hui , Zhu Hong Yu , Wang Zhao Guang , Cai Gang Yi
Published: February 2012

Duplex ageing treatment was performed on AZ80 magnesium alloy deformed at room temperature. This study focus on the ageing treatment process on the deformed alloys, and the table of L16(45) of orthogonal design was adopted in the experiment. The influence of ageing treatment process on the hardness and microstructure were analyzed and discussed. The experimental results show that the hardness increased with increase of deformation ratio, which is up to the peak value at 30%. The order of effects on hardness is the time of second-stage ageing treatment, the temperature of second-stage ageing treatment, the time of first-stage ageing treatment, the temperature of first-stage ageing treatment in turn. The optimal heat treatment process were obtained, which were consisted of solution treated at 420°C for 10h, deformation with 30% ratio, first-stage aged at 140°C for 12h, followed by second-stage aged at 180°C for 16h. The sample of AZ80 magnesium alloy treated under the optimal process has homogeneous and fine grains and comprehensive property.
Study on Surface Chemical Composition and Structure of PVP/Al Composite Powder Using XPS Analysis
Authors: Hu Nan , He Li Jun , Wang Li Hui
Published: February 2012

XPS analysis is used in studying surface chemical composition and structure of ultrafine raw Al powder and PVP/Al composite powder, respectively. It shows that: in PVP/Al composite powder’s surface, comparing with raw Al powder, relative content of Al decrease and relative contents of C and N increase. New chemical bonds are formed in PVP/Al composite powder’s surface, and it is certain that, these new chemical bonds derive from N atom and O atom of PVP’s pyrrole with Al atom in Al powder surface.
Near-Infrared Emissions of Sm3+ in Li2O-K2O-BaO-PbO-Bi2O3-Ga2O3 Glasses
Authors: Zhang Xiang Ling , Liu Ming , Zhao Xin , Lin Hai
Published: February 2012

μNear-infrared (NIR) emissions have been observed in Sm3+doped low phonon energy heavy-metal-gallate glasses. The full-widths at half-maximum (FWHMs) of three fluorescence bands peaking at 960, 1038, and 1185 nm were derived to be 31, 36, and 42 nm, respectively, and the spontaneous transition probabilities were calculated to be 66, 16, and 6 s-1. Maximum stimulated emission cross-sections ( σem) for NIR transition emissions were obtained to be 4.22´10-22, 1.37´10-22, and 0.71´10-22cm2, respectively. Investigations on multi-channel NIR transition emissions of Sm3+, especially on the ~1.19 μm emission, which lies in the low-loss wavelength region of transmission window, are beneficial for potential applications in infrared optoelectronic devices.
Microstructure Characterization of Ag Nanoparticles Prepared by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Wei Zhi Qiang , Wei Qiang , Liu Li Gang , Yang Hua , Wu Xiao Juan
Published: February 2012

Ag nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method under the polyol system combined with traces of sodium chloride, Silver nitrate(AgNO3) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) acted as the silver source and dispersant respectively. The samples by this process were characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) adsorption equation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) to determine the chemical composition, particle size, crystal structure and morphology. The experiment results indicate that the crystal structure of the samples is face centered cubic (FCC) structure as same as the bulk materials, The specific surface area is 24 m2/g, the particle size distribution ranging from10 to 50 nm, with an average particle size about 26 nm obtained by TEM and confirmed by XRD and BET results.
Bismuth-Antimony as an Alternative for High Temperature Lead Free Solder
Authors: Shahrul Fadzli M.Z. , Azmah Hanim M.A. , Sai Hong T. , Aidy A. , Rohaizuan R.
Published: February 2012

The development works on high temperature lead free solder are mostly discussed nowadays. To replace the current high temperature lead free solders, further research need to be done. A great deal of effort has been put into the development of lead free solder alloys. Bi (Bismuth) and Sb (Antimony) solder system proved as one of the promising candidates for electronic assembly. Melting temperature of three Bi-Sb solder alloys studied in this research enhanced their potential as the alternative solder candidates for high temperature lead free solder. At interface, Cu3Sb IMC layer was formed for 95Bi-5Sb solder alloy. Spallation of Cu3Sb IMC layer took placed with the results of Cu3Sb IMC also found in the solder bulk. Analysis of 97.5Bi-2.5Sb solder alloy classified as no metallurgical reaction at the interface and only the mechanical joining existed at the interface. The dissolution of Cu from subtrate affected the formation of Cu rich phase and the unstable Bi-Cu rich phase phenomena act as the isothermal product found in solder bulk. Mechanical grain boundary grooving observed in 98.5Bi-1.5Sb solder alloys at interface. Different compositions of Bi-Sb solder alloys resulted in different types of microstructures at interface and in solder bulk after reflow.
An Indirect Boundary Element Method for Computing Sound Field
Authors: Gao Sheng Yao , Wang De Shi
Published: February 2012

Computing sound field from an arbitrary radiator is of interest in acoustics, with many significant applications, one that includes the design of classical projectors and the noise prediction of underwater vehicle. To overcome the non-uniqueness of solution at eigenfrequencies in the boundary integral equation method for structural acoustic radiation, wave superposition method is introduced to study the acoustics. In this paper, the theoretical backgrounds to the direct boundary element method and the wave superposition method are presented. The wave superposition method does not solve the Kirchoff-Helmholtz integral equation directly. In the approach a lumped parameter model is estabiled from spatially averaged quantities, and the numerical method is implemented by using the acoustic field from a series of virtual sources which are collocated near the boundary surface to replace the acoustic field of the radiator. Then the sound field over the of a pulsating sphere is calculated. Finally, comparison between the analytical and numerical results is given, and the speed of solution is investigated. The results show that the agreement between the results from the above numerical methods is excellent. The wave superposition method requires fewer elements and hence is faster, which do not need as high a mesh density as traditionally associated with BEM.
The Molecular Structures of Alpha-Brominated 2,5-Dimethyl-Terephthalonitrile Derivatives and the Dependences of Their Yields on the Reaction Time
Authors: Huang Chi Bao , Yi Dao Sheng , Liu Tang Mao
Published: February 2012

The number and molecular structures of the alpha-brominated 2,5-dimethylterephthalonitrile (DMT) derivatives and the dependences of the yields of derivatives on the reaction time were systematicaly investigated by means of NMR spectroscopy, MS and chromatography. The alpha-brominated DMT derivatives were comprised of 2-bromomethyl-5-methylterephthalonitrile (1), 2,5-bis(bromomethyl)terephthalonitrile (2), 2-(1,1-dibromo)methyl-5-methylterephthalonitrile (3) and 2-bromomethyl-5-(1,1-dibromo)methylterephthalonitrile (4). More than 90 % of DMT mainly transformed swiftly into 1 during the first two-hour alpha-bromination reacting, and nearly half of monobromination compound 1 converts into multibromination compounds 2, 3 and 4 in the ensuing reacting. N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) was not utterly exhausted until the reacting lasted 16 hours. The selection law in the alpha-bromination-reaction of DMT, and the close affinity between the yields of the alpha-bromination products and the reaction time were originally revealed.
Structure Design and Research on a Spiral Pipe Type Reactor
Authors: Cui Zhao Xia , Zhao Ying Ying , Zhang Zhi Jun , He Xiang Xin , Guo Si Jia
Published: February 2012

As the core part of a reactor, a spiral pipe structure working under loads of high temperature and high pressure was designed and researched by using CAE method. The properties of high temperature resistance, high-pressure resistance and corrosion resistance play a crucial role for the reactor whether working well or not. Spiral structure was designed for a core component of this reactor in order to increase the staying time that the medium stays in the pipe. The performances of this spiral structure under its working conditions were calculated and analyzed. The changes of performance of the spiral structure caused by changing of elastic modulus of material under high temperature was studied; because the structure has very large length radius ratio, operation of elements meshing is difficult when using FEM method, in order to solving this problem, the methods of establishing elements modal for this kind of structure was proposed in this paper.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Gas-Sensing for Trimethylamine of Mesoporous Ni-Doped Indium Oxide
Authors: Jin Wen Yong , Cao Yang , Huang Wei , Wang Xiao Hong , Li Jin , Wen Feng , Liu Zhong Xin , Tu Jin Chun
Published: February 2012

Ni-doped mesoporous indium oxide has been successfully obtained by a simple and effected in-situ nanocasting method. The results characterized indicated that powders had a good crystalline structure, and the synthesis was successfully controlled in nanoscale (meso-structure). The gas sensor based on Ni-doped mesoporous In2O3 exhibit good trimethylamine (TMA) sensing properties, and a possible mechanism was aSubscript textlso provided.
Preparation of Al2O3 Nano-Particles Reinforced Fe-Based Composite Materials via In Situ Synthesis
Authors: Fan Rui Rui , Li Yan , Xu Liu Jie , Wei Shi Zhong
Published: February 2012

Al2O3 reinforced iron based composite were prepared via in-situ synthesis with aluminum nitrate, citric acid and iron powder as raw materials, a little C and Mo as additive. The influences of the contents of Al2O3, C and Mo on the microstructure and micro-hardness of the Fe based composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and micro-hardness tester. The results showed that the Fe-based composite materials with high bonding strength between matrix and Al2O3 can be prepared by in situ synthesis method. The best ratio of the nine Al2O3 particles reinforced Fe-based composite materials in three groups is 3vol. % C, 5vol. % or 7vol. % Al2O3, sintering temperature is 1300°C and quenching temperature is 900°C. The microstructure of the matrix without C addition is ferrite before and after quenching; the microstructure of the matrix with C addition is pearlite before quenching, and the microstructure become to martensite after quenching, the α-Al2O3 and FeC3 are reinforced phases. The microstructure of the matrix with Mo addition is ferrite and FeAl2O4 before and after quenching.
The Development of Baud Silk Knitted Fabric
Authors: Meng Jia Guang , Han Ya Hong , Zhou Li Qun
Published: February 2012

This article mainly expounds the knitting, bleaching and dyeing process of baud silk knitted fabric, and has done a series performance test for baud silk knitted fabric after finishing.
Effect of Deposition Polymerization Technique of Pyrrole on Properties of UHMWPE Fiber
Authors: Wang Wen Yu , Jin Xin , Zhang Yu Feng
Published: February 2012

The two deposition polymerization techniques, i.e. vapor phase and liquid phase pyrrole deposition polymerization were applied to Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber in this paper. The effect of deposition technique on the surface morphology, mechanical properties, electrical stability and surface roughness of fibers were discussed. The result showed that deposition technique has a strong effect on the properties of UHMWPE fibers. Fibers treated by vapor phase deposition polymerization has much fine and small granular structure, lower resistance, better mechanical property and higher surface roughness value.
Hierarchical Porous Hollow Microsphere for Drug Release
Authors: Liu Hu , Liu Fa Jia , Shi Jian Jun , Chen Hui , Bao Hai Feng , Liu Yong Song
Published: February 2012

Hierarchical porous titanate nanotube hollow microspheres were synthesized through a template-hydrothermal method. First, SiO2@TiO2 core-shell structure was synthesized, and then titanate nanotube hollow sphere was prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. The dimension of the cavity could be simply tuned by controlling the size of SiO2 spheres. These hollow microspheres exhibited a unique porous structure, in which the nanotube hollow microsphere had a two-fold storage system including the cavity of the hollow sphere and the nanotube capability. Further, the microsphere demonstrated an improved controlled releasing performance that the cavity was capable of giving a fast releasing, while the channel of the nanotube showed a slow releasing property. This facile template-hydrothermal method could be a generally strategy to prepare hollow nanostructures.
Synthesis and Electrochromic Properties of Soluble Polythiophenes
Authors: Su Min , Tang Li Wei , Wang Sheng , Liu Hao Dan , Chen Sheng
Published: February 2012

Two kinds of 3-alkoxythiophene monomers were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution and transetherification reactions. Soluble conjugated polymers based on 3-alkoxythiophene were synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. The process of the electrochemical polymerization, electrochemical redox behaviors and electrochromis of the polymer were investigated by the cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical measurement. The onset oxidation potentials (Eonset(ox)) of both POT and OOT were at 1040mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) in electrolyte solution system.The oxidation and reduction potential of PPOT and POOT were observed between +600 mV and +900mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). The color of POOT film on the platinum electrode was blue-green for oxidation state and was dark red for reduction state, in accordance with the UV-vis spectra behaviors.
A Kind of Heterogeneous Data Synchronous Design for the Internet of Things
Authors: Lu Yu , Wu Jin Ying , Chen Hong Min , Zheng Yong Pin , Wu Yun Ping
Published: February 2012

The way of heterogeneous data synchronization based on WEB service mode used in the Internet of things is analyzed, the problem of synchronization mechanism of heterogeneous data based on internet web port is solved. Combined with the characteristics of SOA architecture, this paper proposes synchronization model WLDSS (Web-level Data Synchronization System) of distributed heterogeneous data, and gives the design principles and the key strategies of the model. Through the application of distributed solar water heating system of control system data synchronization, it verifies the stability of the WLDSS model.
Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid by [BMIm] [Lys] Amino Acid Ionic Liquids
Authors: Gong Min , Jiang Chun Mei , Zheng Xing Wen , Zeng Xiang Mei , Lin Xiu Zhou
Published: February 2012

The corrosion inhibition effect and mechanism of the amino acid ionic liquids—1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Lysine ([BMIm][Lys]) for carbon steel in 5% H2SO4solution are investigated by electrochemical tests. The results indicate that the [BMIm][Lys] has a good inhibition performance for the carbon steel in 5% H2SO4solution. The corrosion inhibition efficiency improves with the increase of the concentration, which arrives at 95% ultimately. The study also shows that the inhibitors are mixed-type ones. The adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the carbon steel surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Influence of Reduction Time on Specific Surface Area of SSI
Authors: Li Jun Guo , Tian Wei , Li Shou Zhang
Published: February 2012

Spherical sponge iron (SSI) with high activity and intension possesses potential characteristics to be utilized as wastewater treatment material. Influence of reduction time on specific surface area and distribution of different diameter holes were investigated. It was suggested that reductive time has significant influence on the specific surface area of SSI reduced by hydrogen under the optimized temperature. When the reductive time increased from t1 to t3, the porosity increased from 44.32% to 50.62%. While the specific surface area of SSI declined significantly from 3.089 m2/g to 0.307 m2/g when the reductive time increased from t1 to t3. On the other hand, newly formed nucleus should be combined with the adjacent formed one, and larger holes were formed. Consequently, the specific surface area of SSI declined quickly while the reduction time was prolonged, and the mean pore size varied from 275.7nm to 4611.3 nm. To utilize the SSI in wastewater treatment to remove pollutants, t1 was the optimized reductive time for its preparation.
Kinetic Model of Spherical Sponge Iron Reduced by Hydrogen
Authors: Li Jun Guo , Li Shou Zhang , Tian Wei
Published: February 2012

Spherical sponge iron (SSI) with high activity and intension could be prepared through direct reduction by hydrogen. To optimize the reduction technology, kinetic model of SSI reduction was established. The total reaction rate changing with reduction index R was deduced which describing the total reaction rate with effective diffusion coefficient De and chemical reaction rate constant k. According to the weight loss curve of SSI reduction, De and k were calculated. The total reactive rate increased with the increasing of temperature because both De and k increased with the increasing of reaction temperature. Compared De with k, it concluded that SSI reduced by hydrogen was controlled by the chemical reaction, combination of the chemical reaction and the internal diffusion, the internal diffusion when the temperature was lower than T3, from T3 to T4, over T5, respectively.
Structure and Magnetostriction of Tb0.7Pr0.3FeX Prepared by Solid-State Synthesis
Authors: Yin H.Y , Liu J.J , Wang R , Liu X.C , Sun N.K , Si P.Z
Published: February 2012

Mechanical alloying (MA) was used to prepare pseudobinary high Pr-content Tb0.7Pr0.3Fex alloys. The structural and magnetoelastic properties were in investigated by means of x-ray diffraction and a standard strain technique. A single (Tb,Pr)Fe2 Laves phase with MgCu2-type structure for the composition Tb0.7Pr0.3Fe1.80 was synthesized by MA and subsequent annealing process. The high magnetostriction of 600 ppm was achieved at 10 kOe for the epoxy-bonded Tb0.7Pr0.3Fe1.8 composite.
Graphene Oxide and its Applications in Catalysis
Authors: Li Yong Xiu , Sun Chang Yong , Yu Chang Jiang , Wang Chao Xian , Liu Yun Jun , Song Ying Bing
Published: February 2012

Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon material, has attracted tremendous research interest in recent years due to its exceptional properties, such as excellent electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. Meanwhile, various kinds of novel functional materials based on Graphene oxide are employed in different fields like solar cell, sensor and catalysis. With the increasing number of catalysts during synthesizing graphene-based composites, the development of catalysis science and technology will surely be promoted. This paper reviews recent advances in the preparation and structure of graphene oxide, especially its applications in catalysis fields.
Study on the Evaluation of Minor Rural Road Network Planning Alternative in the State Commercial Grain Base
Authors: Gao Hong Jiang , Pan Zhen Ni , Yang Si Ling
Published: February 2012

Combined with the mutual relationship of minor rural road network construction and the development of rural social economy, the quantitative evaluation index system is established. In the specific index design, this paper totally consider the features of the rural regions and reflect the requirement and ecological functions of the minor rural road. Based on fuzzy entropy weight part of double-base the evaluation method of the minor rural road network solutions than the election method, comprehensive embody the rural road traffic system sustainable development.
Martensitic Transformation and Shape Memory Effect of Ni53.25Mn21.75Ga25 Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Wang Hai Bo , Feng Shang Shen , Cai Pei Yang , Huo Yan Qiu
Published: February 2012

The martensitic transformation, crystalline structure, microstructure and shape memory effect of the Ni53.25Mn21.75Ga25 (at.%) alloy are investigated by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and the standard metal strain gauge technique. The XRD results showed that the Ni53.25Mn21.75Ga25 alloy is composed of cubic parent phase at room temperature. TEM observation proved that the typical twin martensite is tetragonal structure and tweed-like contrast which is typical image for the parent phase. A large reversible transformation strain, about 0.54%, is obtained in this undeformed polycrystalline alloy due to martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation. This transformation strain is also increased to 0.65% by the external magnetic field. It is believed that the effect of the magnetic field on the preferential orientation of martensitic variants increases the transformation strain.
Study on Structural Plywood Production Technology from Eucalyptus/poplar
Authors: Yao Li Hong , Wang Xi Ming , Fei Ben Hua
Published: February 2012

With the rapid development of wooden structure buildings in China, the demand for structural plywood enlarges significantly. Eucalyptus and poplar plantation is a very wide area of growth in china, therefore, there is practical significance to use eucalyptus and poplar plantation to produce wooden structural plywood. This study uses orthogonal test on pressing temperature, pressing time, pressing pressure, veneer glue spread - four factors influence the bond strength of structural plywood from Eucalyptus/poplar, and has obtained the superior technology. The results show that hot pressing temperature, pressing time, pressing pressure, veneer glue spread –four factors affect the bond strength of the structure plywood significantly, but the difference among the three veneer glue spread levels is not significantly. The better production technology is hot pressing temperature 135 °C, pressing time 24 min, pressing pressure 1.2 Mpa, veneer glue spread 320 g/m2.
Optimization of Flow Control Devices in a Stainless Steel Tundish
Authors: Chen Chao , Cheng Guo Guang , Sun Hai Bo , Wang Xin Chao , Zhang Jia Quan
Published: February 2012

Optimization of FCD design in a single strand slab tundish producing stainless steel is carried out by physical modelling using a 0.4 scale water model and mathematical modelling study. Reducing the residual metal volume at the end of casting, promoting the near-surface plug flow for inclusions removal and improving the transient slab quality are concerned, the optimized FCD is two dams and an impact pad, among them the dam1 (close to ladle shroud) with two 30 degrees upward inclined drain holes, another dam2 (close to tundish exit) is bottom rectangular-grooved which is beneficial for reducing the residual metal volume. Besides, the height of impact pad and drain holes must be concerned simultaneously, in the present study the height is 20mm and 60mm, respectively. Compared with turbulence inhibitors, impact pad will decrease the melt exposed to air at the steady state of casting. The holes at the higher level of dam may cause slag entrapment during the refilling process of ladle change operation.
Formation and Specialties of Steel / RC Composite Open-Web Floor Structures
Authors: Xia Shao Quan , Xiao Jian Chun , Ma Ke Jian
Published: February 2012

A new type of steel / reinforced concrete composite open-web floor / roof structure is proposed. Its formation is a two-way intersectant open-web beam plate. The lower layer is a rib lattice that is composed of U-style steel slabs infilled with RC, the upper layer is assembled with pre-cast RC slabs and post-cast RC ribs, the connections of upper layer and lower layer are RC shear-bearing blocks. The plate has the specialties of lightweight, simple inside sight sense, high stiffness-weight ratio, and less seismic inertial force. Its formation, construction process, design method and main mechanical specialties are discussed.
Preparation of ZnF2 Nano-Particles by Electrochemical Anodization Method
Authors: Zhang Ye , Ji Hong Bing
Published: February 2012

ZnF2 nano-particles were prepared by electrochemical anodization method at room temperature. Zn foil acted as anode and Pb sheet served as cathode, and the complex solution of NH4F-H2O2-C2H5OH was used as electrolyte. The morphology, composition and crystalline structure of the as-prepared product were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD techniques. The results showed that the product was rhombic nano-particles with the length of 50-200nm and the width of 50-100nm, the crystalline structure of the product was ZnF2 and ZnO, and the ZnF2 was the dominant component. Effects of NH4F concentration, applied voltage and anodization time on the morphology of the product were investigated.
Study on Carbonation Resistance of High-Performance Concrete with Large Amount of Fly Ash
Authors: Zhang Xue Song
Published: February 2012

Based on the mechanism of concrete carbonation, the effects of content of fly ash in the binder, the water to binder ratios, compound activator, and long-term curing on the carbonation depth of fly ash high-performance concrete are investigated. Experiment results are analyzed and compared with compressive strength development characteristic of fly ash high-performance concrete, and some valuable conclusions are gained.
The Measurement and Theoretical Analysis of Elongation Value of Tensioning Tendon
Authors: Yang Chun Feng , Ye Wen Chao
Published: February 2012

The control of both stretching stress and elongation value are commonly used in the construction of tendon stretching. But when using the anti-rotation front-clamping jack, the elongation value of tendon is always overlong. This article combined with the construction of prestressed plate girder structure in QingHe River Bridge, taking actual measurement of the elongation value of prestressing and analysis of the reasons for tendon elongation value overlong in theory, putting forward the improvement measures, for relevant projects for reference.
The Research of Electrolyte on Lithium/Sulfur Battery
Authors: Zheng Ming Sen , Chen Jia Jia , Dong Quan Feng
Published: February 2012

The suitability of some different kinds of liquid electrolytes with a 1M solution of LiCF3SO3 was evaluated for discharging capacity and cycle performance of Li/S cells at room temperature. The liquid electrolyte component was found to have a profound influence on the discharging capacity and cycle property. The lithium–sulfur battery based on the alcohol-ether binary electrolyte shows two discernible voltage plateaus at around 2.4 and 2.1 V, which correspond to the formation of soluble polysulfides and of solid reduction products, respectively. However, the liquid electrolyte based on carbonate electrolyte shows a bad compatibility with sulfur cathode. The lithium sulfur battery can not deliver acceptable discharging capacity and cycle performances.
Investigation on the Electrochemical Cycle Stability of La–Mg–Ni-based A2B7-type Alloys Prepared by Melt Spinning
Authors: Zhang Yang Huan , Yang Tai , Hou Zhong Hui , Zhang Guo Fang , Cai Ying , Zhao Dong Liang
Published: February 2012

In order to improve the electrochemical cycle stability of the La–Mg–Ni system A2B7-type electrode alloys, the partial substitution of Zr for La has been performed. The La0.75−xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) electrode alloys were fabricated by casting and melt-spinning. The influences of both the substitution of Zr for La and the melt spinning on the structures and the electrochemical cycle stability of the alloys were investigated. The structure characterization of XRD, SEM and HRTEM reveals that the as-cast and spun alloys have a multiphase structure, composing of two main phases (La, Mg)2 Ni7 and LaNi5 as well as a residual phase LaNi2. The substitution of Zr for La results in an evident refinement of the grains of the alloys instead of changing the structures of two major phases. The electrochemical measurement indicates that both the substitution of Zr for La and the melt spinning remarkably ameliorate electrochemical cycle stability of the alloys. The capacity retaining rate (R100) of the as-spun (5 m/s) alloys at 100th charging/discharging cycle is enhanced from 67.43% to 79.22% by increasing Zr content from 0 to 0.2. And that of the Zr0.1 alloy is increased from 73.21% to 82.07% by growing spinning rate from 0 (as-cast was defined as the spinning rate of 0 m/s) to 20 m/s.
The Optimum Microstructure of Reheated X80 Bend Pipes
Authors: Zhang Xiao Li
Published: February 2012

Bend pipes are key points in construction of pipeline. The world well known second west east pipeline project will use X80 pipeline steel in whole line. So the study on X80 grade bend pipe is very important and timely. Here , a series of experiment were done to optimize the microstructure of X80 bend pipes, and corresponding reheating technics were studied. By compare with current standard used in china, the CVN toughness and shearing area and strength were discussed. By this research, the optimum reheating program for X80 grade bend pipes were gained.
Silicon Wafer Microstructure Fabrication Using Nanosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Xu De Fu , Yin Shao Quan , Xiao Zhi Gang , Xiao Xiao
Published: February 2012

In this paper, we created some microstructures on the surface of silicon by irradiating a silicon wafer for soalr cell with trains of short pulses in the presence of an ambient gas.The laser pulse produced by TEA CO2 laser is high power and shorter than a microsecond in duration. We found that the morphology of the structures is highly dependent on the species of ambient gas and the number of laser pulses used. I note that surfaces covered with these microstructures have striking optical properties: structures absorb approximately 90% of incident light with wavelengths between 250 nm and 0.85μm.The remarkable and potentially useful optical properties of the structures should be beneficial in increasing the efficiency of crystalline silicon soalr cell.
High-Temperature CO2 Capture Using MgO/γ-Al2O3 Materials as Adsorbent
Authors: Fu Xin
Published: February 2012

CO2 adsorbent, MgO/γ-Al2O3, was prepared by impregnation methods. The structure and surface properties of the prepared materials were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, in situ FIIR and CO2-TPD techniques. The results indicated that the surface area, pore size and pore volume of materials decreased with the introduction of MgO. Their capacity for CO2 adsorption could be significantly improved when the MgO loading increased from 0 to 10 wt %. CO2-TPD and in-situ FTIR showed that the materials have three basic sites which can react with CO2 to form bicarbonate, bidentate carbonate and monodentate carbonate species.
Thermodynamics Analysis of Clogging of 409 Stainless Steel
Authors: Zhang Cai Jun , Zhang Yan , Zhu Li Guang
Published: February 2012

Clogging of 409 Stainless Steel is serious, and it has difficult in continuous-casting, which have an effect upon the quality of casting blank. By way of calculation and analysis, TiN inclusions form in 409 stainless steel with w[N]•w[Ti] ≥0.00014, but TiN is oxidated to TiO2 easily. A lot of TiO2 inclusions which are due to reoxidization increase, which attach to the inner wall of the nozzle and form TiO2 type clogging. With [Ca]≥0.00032% and [Ti]=0.003%, CaO•TiO2-MgO•Al2O3 dual phase inclusions bring on CaO•TiO2 type clogging in the nozzle. At the same time, there are some strategies to control the above mentioned clogging.
The Study of Sodium Alginate Adsorption with PAE as Environmental Friendly Additive for Paper Strength
Authors: Song Xiao Lei , Yao Chun Li , Jin Xiao Juan
Published: February 2012

This study shows a optimization usage of SA and PAE on enhancing both wet and dry strength of paper. The influence of the dosage of PAE and the viscosity of SA on the binary system for strengthening of paper have been studied and compared with paper which use PAE alone as a wet strength additive. A optimization ratio of PAE/SA was obtained, and with this ratio unchanged the amount of PAE/SA and initial of pH of the pulp has been tested. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used as a assistant method to observe those influence. The results showes that PAE/SA binary strengthening system for paper has a better property than that of PAE alone as a wet strength additive. The optimal viscosity of SA is about 350 mPa•S and the optimal ratio of PAE and SA is 3:2 and the addition of PAE and SA are 0.75% and 0.5% respectively. SEM analyses confirm that the film-forming property of PAE is accelerated by SA and it is also noticeable that the PAE/SA film can stick to the suface of fibres uniformly in the aqueous pulp slurry environment. The reaserch on the effects of the slurries at different pH to the wet and dry tensile strength prove that PAE/SA strength system is more suitable for neutral and alkaline papermaking conditions.
Study on Division of Natural Bamboo Fibers by Steam Explosion
Authors: Zhang Yuan Song , Xie Ji Xiang , Jiang Yu Chun
Published: February 2012

In order to improve the effect of natural bamboo fibers degumming, the factors affecting the natural bamboo fibers separation effect in general alkali boiling conditions after the process of steam explosion were researched. The results showed that the degumming rate increased with the rise of steam explosion pressure and the pressure maintaining time. As the steam explosion was stronger, the degree of the fibers separation and softness were better. After steam explosion and alkali boiling united degumming method, the hemicelluloses and lignin content of the fibers decreased by 41.61% and 31.94%, while the cellulose content rose to 63.59%. The effect of steam explosion and alkali boiling united degumming method was better than single alkali boiling or steam explosion. The morphology of fibers became smooth and the fiber’s diameter reduced obviously.
Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Photocatalytic Activity of Spiel Zn2SnO4
Authors: Zhang Ke Lei , Zhao Rui Jie , Lei Qian Kun , Hu Yan Chun
Published: February 2012

Spinel Zn2SnO4 photocatalysts have been prepared by the solid state reaction. as-prepared samples were characterized by power X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photocatalytic activity measurement. The results show that the reaction temperature have significant effects on the Zn2SnO4 photocatalytic activity . It has also been found that the distribution of the cations in Zn2SnO4 crystal lattice changes with the increase of calcination temperature, causing the local structural fine adjustment that associated with the photocatalytic properties.
Effect of Thermal Modification on the Physical Properties of Populus ussuriensis
Authors: Xing Dong , Xu Min , Shi Jiang Tao , Li Jian
Published: February 2012

Heat treatment is an environmental method of wood modification. The density of Populus ussuriensis, dimensional change and equilibrium moisture content change were tested through the different temperature processing, and get the influence of heat treatment process on the performance of the wood. The results show that heat treatment is an effective way to improve wood dimensional stability and shrinkage properties. With the improvement of heat treatment intensity, the equilibrium balance moisture content of wood will then gradually reduced. When treating temperature reaches 180°C above, the wood drying shrinkage properties greatly decreased, and trend to stable.
Dissolution of Cellulose and Synthesis of Cellulose-Graft-Poly (L-Lactide) via Ring-Opening Polymerization in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Xiao Shu , Dai Lin , He Jing
Published: February 2012

Dissolution and homogeneous graft copolymerization of cellulose were performed in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) with L-lactide. The best synthetic condition of the cellulose-graft-poly (L-) (cellulose-g-PLLA) was that cellulose 0.6g, L-lactide 5.34g and 4-dimethylaminopyri lactide dine (DMAP) as an organic catalyst 0.69g reacted for 12 hours at 80°C. The synthesized AmimCl and cellulose graft copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GPC, TG and WAXD. The results indicated that AmimCl dissolved cellulose directly by destroying intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in cellulose and the grafting rate of the polymer reached 4.44, which was higher than that reported in AmimCl with Sn(oct)2 as a catalyst.
Preparation of PLA/Nano-ZnO Composites
Authors: Zheng Hong Juan , Zhao Zhi Wei , Liu Ya Long , Zhao Xiao Feng , Xi Ke Hui
Published: February 2012

In order to improve the toughness and impact resistance of PLA, nano-ZnO modified with different surface treatment agents (titanium ester, silane coupling agent and alkylamine) was added to PLA matrix. The samples were examined by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, micropolariscopy and mechanical properties. The results show that when the addition of nano-ZnO reaches to 0.2 wt.%, the tensile strength and elongation at break of PLA/ZnO nanocomposites have the maximum values of 20.5MPa and 10.2%, respectively. The mechanical properties of PLA/ZnO nanocomposites can be improved apparently modified with different treatment agents, and the spherocrystal size of the samples can be reduced obviously. Infrared spectra of nano-ZnO modified with different treatment agents include two peaks at 2919 cm-1 and 2851 cm-1, which are corresponding to C-H stretching vibration.
Study on the Correlation between the Property of Akund Fiber and its Growing Conditions
Authors: Yang Xue , Cheng Long Di , Huang Li Qian , Fan Wen Hong
Published: February 2012

In this paper ,the properties of akund fiber, growing at the altitudes of 813m, 1080m and 1153m from August to October were studied, respectively.The influences of altitude, month, fruit size and different parts of the fruit on the properties of akund fiber were also analyzed. It was found that the altitude and fruit size had a significant correlation coefficient with the property of akund fiber, while the influence of month on the property of akund fiber was not obvious. The properties of the fiber in different parts of the fruit were also different.The results will be beneficial to planting, harvesting, processing and exploiting this fiber.
Study on Carding Processing Length of Akund
Authors: Wang Qin , Cheng Long Di , Jiang Xiao , Stojanovska Elena
Published: February 2012

According to the special characteristics of akund, for example ,high straightness, low strength and easy to fracture , the conclusion got from this paper which is different from traditional fiber carding process is the carding processing length of akund should be longer than the main length of the fiber instead of equality, then the assumption when the carding length is longer than the main length of the main length of akund ,the sliver of the carding will have the lowest short fiber and neps content is advanced, at last, a series of experimental tests prove the conclusion.
Efficient Destruction of Chlorophenols by Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: Li Xu Chun , Ma Jun , Yue Si Yang
Published: February 2012

Chlorophenols (CPs), a group of recalcitrant and toxic pollutants, are widespread in the environment and threating human health. The environment-friendly technology, UV irradiation, could efficiently destruct CPs. The study investigated the influence of solution pH and positions and number of substituted chlorine atoms on photodegradation process of CPs, and also studied the photodegradation pathway. It found that the photodegradaton process of CPs was highly dependent on solution pH, and higher pH favored the degradation. The photodegradation processes agreed well with the pseudo-first order kinetics, and para- and ortho- positions and lower chlorination degree were more favorable for photodegradation of CPs. Most of the chlorine atoms were released as chloride ions, and suggest that the cleavage of the C-Cl bond occurred during the photodegradation process. It will provide some guidance for efficient treatment of CPs in water.