bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features Between Primary Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Non‐Criteria Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Risk Factors of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Study of 1006 Cases
Authors: Liu Huimin , Han Jinbiao , Gao Rui , Hu Zhengyan , Tang Yuanting , Qin Lang
Published: September 2024

Problem

To compare the clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes between patients with primary obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) and those with primary non‐criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (NC‐OAPS), and to identify the risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes in both groups.

Methods

A retrospective single‐center study was performed in a university hospital of western China, including 141 patients with OAPS and 865 patients with NC‐OAPS. The clinical characteristics, pregnancy complications, and obstetric outcomes of the cohorts were collected from the hospital system and were compared by univariable analysis, and the independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) were investigated by logistic regression analysis in these two populations.

Results

The OAPS patients had a significantly higher risk for stillbirths compared to the NC‐OAPS patients, while the NC‐OAPS group had a significantly higher risk for preterm birth and overall APO. Double aPL positivity, triple aPL positivity, and gestational hypertension were the independent risk factors for APO in OAPS patients, whereas two of the double aPL positivity subtypes, triple aPL positivity and placenta previa were independent risk factors for APO in NC‐OAPS patients.

Conclusion

This study identified different rates in different APOs among OAPS and NC‐OAPS patients. Additionally, this study revealed different risk factors for the development of APO between the two populations. These findings indicated that OAPS and NC‐OAPS are two distinct entities of the same disease, providing new insights into the individualized management for patients with OAPS and NC‐OAPS.
The Causal Relationship Between Immune Cells and Infertility: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Authors: Peng Dingchuan , Zhong Wei , Wang Yiran , Fu Yiyao , Shang Wei
Published: September 2024

Objective

Infertility has emerged as a significant global public health concern, with a multitude of complex underlying causes. Epidemiological evidence indicates that immunological factors are significant contributors to the aetiology of infertility. However, previous studies on the relationship between immune inflammation and infertility have yielded inconclusive results.

Methods

Mendelian randomisation (MR) is an emerging statistical method that employs exposure‐related genetic variation as an instrumental variable (IV) to infer causal relationships between immune cells and infertility by modelling the principle of random assignment in Mendelian genetics. In this study, MR was employed to assess the causal relationship between 731 immune cell signatures and infertility. The data utilized in this study were obtained from publicly available genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and validated IVs, which were employed to fulfil the essential assumptions of MR analysis.

Results

The Mendelian randomisation analysis revealed a total of 27 statistically significant immune cell phenotypes out of 731. The risk factor with the largest odds ratio (OR) was CD28− CD25++ CD8+ %T cell [OR, 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–1.42], while the protective factor with the largest OR was activated and resting Treg AC (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82–0.97).

Conclusion

The present study has demonstrated a correlation between certain characteristics of immune cells and female infertility. These results provide clues for further research into the immune mechanisms of infertility and may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Eight basic principles for the elaboration of public policies and development projects for the Pantanal
Authors: Tomas Walfrido Moraes , Andrade Maria Helena , Berlinck Christian Niel , Bolzan Fábio , Camilo André Restel , Catella Agostinho Carlos , Chiaravalloti Rafael Morais , da Cunha Catia Nunes , Damasceno Junior Geraldo Alves , Fernando Adriana Maria Espinoza , Garcia Letícia Couto , Girard Pierre , Ikeda‐Castrillon Solange Kimie , da Silva Carolina Joana , Laps Rudi , Mateus Lucia , Morato Ronaldo Gonçalves , Mourão Guilherme , Nunes André Valle , da Rosa Oliveira Maxwell , de Oliveira Márcia Divina , Padovani Carlos Roberto , Penha Jerry , Perilli Miriam Lucia Lages , Ribeiro Danilo Bandini , de Oliveira Roque Fabio , Soriano Balbina Maria Araújo , Strussmann Christine , Toffoli Cristina , Tortato Fernando Rodrigo , Urbanetz Catia
Published: September 2024

The Pantanal is considered the largest continuous freshwater wetland in the world, and its sustainable use requires a unified conceptual framework. The lengthy process to establish public policies has contributed to the increasing vulnerability of the Pantanal. Given the need for a conceptual basis to help this process, we elaborate a list of eight basic principles based on the accumulated scientific evidence: (i) Consider the Paraguay River Basin a management unity; (ii) Establish rules that follow the concept of restricted use approach; (iii) Ensure the ecologically sustainable use of the Pantanal; (iv) Maintain the environmental heterogeneity and functionality in the Pantanal landscapes; (v) Maintain the hydrological integrity and connectivity; (vi) Ensure the environmental representativeness of the protected areas network; (vii) Provide economic incentives for conservationist use of the land; and (viii) Recognize and protect traditional people, their values, resources, and way of living. However, the elaboration of public policies should be a participatory and inclusive decision‐making process towards a more just and sustainable future.
Using technical assistance to bridge evidence‐to‐action gaps in biodiversity conservation
Authors: Dubois Natalie S. , Safford Katie , Hansen Lexine , Roberts Aradhana , Carlson Sara
Published: September 2024

The field of biodiversity conservation is in the midst of a cultural and practical transformation around evidence use, but the necessary institutional and technical support is still emerging. Over the past decade, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has invested in building institutional capacity for evidence use in its biodiversity conservation projects through technical assistance. We interviewed 34 technical assistance staff supporting biodiversity programming at USAID to explore how technical assistance is used to support evidence use and the extent to which technical assistance can fulfill the functions of “evidence bridges”—intermediaries who help practitioners access and use bodies of evidence for decision‐making. We found that the current technical assistance model supporting evidence employs varied strategies to support evidence use, some of which are more closely aligned with the functions of evidence bridges than others. We conclude that the current technical assistance model could strengthen support for evidence use through engagement with evidence bridges to promote uptake of synthesized evidence. We suggest that technical assistance and evidence bridges are needed to facilitate high‐quality evidence use at the scale necessary to achieve conservation impact, and more collaborative spaces at the boundary between research and practice are needed.
Relationship Between Dental Trauma and Orthostatic Balance in Children
Authors: Lunardelli Abelardo Nunes , Martins Daniel Fernandes , Lunardelli Sandra Espíndola , Martins Luiz Gustavo Teixeira , Salgado Afonso Shiguemi Inoue , Viseux Frederic Jean François , Schleip Robert , Traebert Eliane , Traebert Jefferson
Published: September 2024

Background

Dental trauma (DT) and falls have shown to be associated. On the other hand, postural balance is associated with falls and depends on the integration of the body's regulatory systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between DT and alteration of orthostatic balance in children.

Methods

This was a population‐based case–control study involving 296 six‐year‐old schoolchildren. The case group included children with previous history of DT. The control group included children with no previous history of DT. Stabilometric measurements were the main exposure of this study. Logistic regression analyzes were performed to estimate potential differences in terms of chance of occurrence.

Results

The cases reviewed showed a 4.37 times chance of reduced balance in the measurement of the anteroposterior trajectory speed of the orthostatic center of pressure (COP), when children had their eyes closed. It also presented a chance of 3.06 times reduced balance in the measurement of the orthostatic center of pressure latero‐lateral sway, with children with open eyes and stepping on a foam pad, and 4.00 times of reduced balance in the width of the latero‐lateral sway of the orthostatic center of pressure, with children with open eyes and stepping on a foam pad.

Conclusion

Children with previous history of DT showed a higher chance of experiencing a reduced orthostatic balance in different conditions when compared to children without the occurrence of trauma.
Seeds go up and down: The role of dung beetles in soil seed movement in the Southern Atlantic Forest of Argentina
Authors: Vespa Natalia I. , Gómez‐Cifuentes Andrés , Bellocq María Isabel , Zurita Gustavo A.
Published: September 2024

The vertical movement of seeds performed by dung beetles from the soil bank and in animal faeces influences seed germination and the temporal dynamic of forest regeneration. While this process has been explored at the community level, the individual role of species is less understood. Here, we investigated the role of dung beetle size and seed size in this vertical movement under experimental conditions.

We performed experiments using a gradient of dung beetle sizes and three sizes of artificial seeds (plastic beads) in two situations: inside faeces (secondary dispersal) and buried in the ground (soil bank). Through regression analysis, we related dung beetle size, seed size, and the initial position of seeds on the soil bank to the final position of seeds and their potential germination.

For seeds in the soil bank, upward movement and exhumation were mainly of medium and large seeds, initially located at shallower depths, with larger beetles being primarily responsible for this movement. The downward movement was similar for all seed sizes. In dung seeds, the percentage of small seeds buried gradually increased with beetle size, while larger beetles made the main contribution for medium and large seeds. Besides, all seed sizes were buried at an average maximum bury depth of nearly 4 cm (the limit of the germination zone).

The relative contribution of species depended on the interaction between dung beetles and seed sizes. Moreover, large dung beetles were essential for burying large seeds in the Southern Atlantic Forest.
Sumatriptan‐naproxen sodium in migraine: A review
Authors: Wilcha Robyn‐Jenia , Afridi Shazia K. , Barbanti Piero , Diener Hans Christoph , Jürgens Tim Patrick , Lanteri‐Minet Michel , Lucas Christian , Mawet Jerôme , Moisset Xavier , Russo Antonio , Sacco Simona , Sinclair Alexandra J. , Sumelahti Marja‐Liisa , Tassorelli Cristina , Goadsby Peter J.
Published: September 2024

Background

Varied responses to acute migraine medications have been observed, with over one‐third (34.5%) of patients reporting insufficient headache relief. Sumatriptan‐naproxen sodium, a single, fixed‐dose combination tablet comprising sumatriptan 85 mg and naproxen sodium 500 mg, was developed with the rationale of targeting multiple putative mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of migraine to optimise acute migraine care.

Methods

A narrative review of clinical trials investigating sumatriptan‐naproxen sodium for both adults and adolescents was performed in March 2024.

Results

Across a total of 14 clinical trials in nine publications, sumatriptan‐naproxen sodium offered greater efficacy for 2‐h pain freedom (14/14) and sustained pain‐free response up to 24 h (13/14) compared with monotherapy and/or placebo for both adult and adolescent study participants with an acceptable and well‐tolerated adverse effect profile. Clinical trial data also demonstrates the effectiveness of sumatriptan‐naproxen sodium in participants with allodynia, probable migraine, menstrual‐related migraine and those with poor responses to acute, non‐specific, migraine medication.

Conclusions

Multi‐mechanistic therapeutic agents offer an opportunity to optimise acute medications by targeting multiple mediators involved in the pathogenesis of migraine. Sumatriptan‐naproxen sodium resulted in greater initial and sustained pain freedom, compared with either sumatriptan, naproxen‐sodium and/or placebo, for the treatment of single or multiple attacks of migraine across both adult and adolescent study populations.
A nomogram for predicting the risk of postoperative delirium in individuals undergoing cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Liu Chao , Zhang Linfei , Tang Weifeng , Zhao Sheng , Li Mingke , Li Jinghang , Shao Yongfeng
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

Delirium is a common mental disorder after adult cardiovascular surgery. Fifteen to 23% of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery and cardiomyopathy experience delirium, and the efficacy of treatment interventions for delirium has been consistently unsatisfactory.

Methods

A total of 729 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery were randomly allocated into a training set and a validation set. A nomogram was developed using a logistic regression model to predict the incidence of delirium following cardiovascular surgery. The validity of the model was assessed by determining the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUROC), performing a calibration plot, and executing a decision curve analysis. This model was internally validated using the bootstrap method.

Results

Postoperative delirium (POD) occurred in 165 cases (22.6%) among the 729 patients. Predictors included age, transient ischemic attack, length of preoperative stay, preoperative left ventricular injection fraction and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide level, and intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine and human fibrinogen. The nomogram showed sufficient differentiation and calibration (AUROC = 0.754, 95% confidence interval = 0.703–0.804). The calibration graphs showed that the predictive values of the nomogram were in agreement with the actual values. The analysis of the training and validation sets suggested that the model possessed specific clinical significance.

Conclusions

In summary, the predictive model consists of seven factors that can roughly predict the occurrence of POD in patients who undergo cardiovascular surgery.
Peridotites and other ultramafic rocks
Authors: Brooks Kent
Published: September 2024

Peridotites are a group within the category of ultramafic rocks. These are usually dark‐coloured rocks rich in magnesium, poor in silica and lacking feldspars. Earth's mantle, which makes up 83 percent by volume and 67 percent by weight of the planet, consists largely of peridotite, which, although relatively sparse at the surface, therefore, is Earth's most abundant rock type. Unfortunately, the mantle, which lies on average at >7 km under the oceans and >35 km under the continents, is not directly accessible for observation and our information comes largely from seismic studies, inclusions in volcanic rocks and sections of the ocean floor which have been tectonically emplaced into the crust: the ophiolite complexes and abyssal peridotites of the oceans. Such rocks also occur when mafic minerals, such as olivine, pyroxene and spinel, accumulate in magma chambers. An unusual occurrence of ultramafic rocks is the lava called komatiite, representing ultramafic liquids, which are largely restricted to Precambrian environments.
Elevated levels of apolipoprotein A4 in umbilical cord serum from the maternal major depressive disorder
Authors: Matsuo Seiko , Moriyama Yoshinori , Ushida Takafumi , Imai Kenji , Tano Sho , Miki Rika , Yoshida Kosuke , Yokoi Akira , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kotani Tomomi
Published: September 2024

Aim

Prenatal maternal depression is known to affect the neurodevelopment of offspring. This study aimed to investigate the profile of umbilical cord serum in mothers with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was conducted using umbilical cord serum from mothers with MDD (n = 5) and controls (control, n = 5). The levels of several differentially expressed proteins in umbilical cord serum were compared between the MDD (n = 10) and control groups (n = 10) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The proteomic profiles in the umbilical cord serum were different between the MDD and control groups, including the pathways of regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels, and synapse organization. Only apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) was significantly higher in the cord blood of MDD group. APOA4 levels in maternal serum were also significantly higher in the MDD group than those in the control group. The APOA4 levels in the umbilical cord serum were higher than that in the maternal serum.

Conclusions

The levels of APOA4, a biomarker of depression, in the umbilical cord serum at birth were elevated in the neonates of MDD mothers. It is, therefore, likely that fetuses of MDD mothers were exposed to higher APOA4 levels in utero and this could have developmental and mental health implications for the offspring.
Incidence and risk factors of parasitic myoma after laparoscopic myomectomy using uncontained power morcellation: Retrospective analysis of 87 patients who had a subsequent second laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Murakami Keisuke , Kitade Mari , Kumakiri Jun , Takeuchi Shiori , Kawasaki Yu , Ochiai Asako , Yanagihara Yasuho , Itakura Atsuo
Published: September 2024

Aim

Studies on parasitic myomas after laparoscopic morcellation are mainly limited to case reports, and the incidence and risk factors have not yet been well‐understood. We aimed to clarify the actual incidence and risk factors of parasitic myoma after laparoscopic myomectomy using uncontained power morcellation by reviewing cases with subsequent laparoscopic surgery.

Methods

This retrospective study included 87 patients who had laparoscopic myomectomy using uncontained power morcellation, followed by subsequent second laparoscopic surgery for gynecological disease between 2008 and 2021. First, the incidence and characteristics of parasitic myomas detected at the second laparoscopic surgery were reviewed. Second, patients were stratified according to the presence of parasitic myoma (PM+ and PM− groups), and risk factors were analyzed by comparing the background, intraoperative findings, and clinical course after laparoscopic myomectomy.

Results

Of the 87 patients, parasitic myomas were detected in 16 (18.4%). Twelve patients (75.0%) were asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during surgery. Two patients presented with acute abdomen requiring emergency surgery. Comparing the PM+ and PM− groups, the total weight of the enucleated myomas and the diameter of the largest myoma at the initial laparoscopic myomectomy were significantly greater in the PM+ group. Other factors, including age and number of enucleated myomas did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions

The actual incidence of parasitic myoma after laparoscopic myomectomy using uncontained power morcellation is higher than that previously reported. In laparoscopic power morcellation, large myomas increase the risk of developing parasitic myoma, and a containment bag system is expected to minimize this complication.
An exploratory pilot study on social rhythm regularity, and its associations with sleep, circadian, affective, and alcohol use outcomes in late adolescents
Authors: Tracy Eunjin Lee , Xie Yuxi , Buysse Daniel J. , Smagula Stephen F. , Soehner Adriane M. , Hasler Brant P.
Published: September 2024

The current exploratory pilot study examined whether social rhythm regularity, as measured by a social rhythm metric, was associated with: (1) the regularity of circadian rhythms and/or sleep regularity metrics; and (2) sleep quality, affective function and alcohol use. Late adolescents (18–22 years old) who drink alcohol (n = 36; 61.1% female, Mage = 21.26 years) completed a 14‐day ecological momentary assessment protocol, wore a wrist actigraph for 14 days, and completed two overnight visits (Thursday and Sunday) to assess dim light melatonin onset. Sleep regularity metrics included standard deviation, composite phase deviation, social jet lag and inter‐daily stability. We used dim light melatonin onset data to calculate the stability of the circadian phase (Sunday minus Thursday). Participants completed surveys and ecological momentary assessments that assessed global and daily sleep quality, affective function, and alcohol use. Correlational analysis and robust regression modelling were used. More regular social rhythms were associated with higher regularities of mid‐sleep timing based on standard deviations, but were not associated with other sleep regularity metrics or stability of the circadian phase. More regular social rhythms were associated with better sleep quality, but were not associated with affective function or alcohol use. Social rhythm regularity is a unique construct compared with existing sleep quality metrics. In contrast with the social zeitgeber hypothesis, social rhythm regularity was not associated with circadian rhythm regularity measured by dim light melatonin onset. However, social rhythm regularity may be an under‐recognized contributor to better sleep quality.
Shared identity, an integrative component of Ethiopian federalism: Informing shared society in the Konso‐Alle‐Derashe Area
Authors: Gashute Tariku Sagoya , Saka Abebe Lemessa , Makahamadze Tompson
Published: September 2024

This study explores a shared identity framework for inclusive ethnic relationships under Ethiopian federalism. Decades of the federal experiment show mixed results. On the one hand, it enabled nationalities to exercise extensive rights and freedoms. On the other hand, however, it coincided with pervasive conflicts and state fragility. Contrary to the view that ethnic federalism is fundamentally flawed, this study argues that the problems are epiphenomenons that can be improved. Using an exploratory research approach, the study has taken the Konso‐Derashe‐Alle area to show how shared identity helps to resolve the contradiction in Ethiopian federalism. According to the findings, maturing ethnicity and existing political consciousness suggest ethnic federalism as a viable system for the study area but it should be supplemented by a framework of shared spaces such as the shared society system that capitalizes on the extensive shared sociocultural values of the area to overturn the growing exclusive ethnicity.
Natural kind reasoning in consciousness science: An alternative to theory testing
Authors: Mckilliam Andy
Published: September 2024

It is often suggested that to make progress in consciousness science we need a theory of consciousness—one that tells us what consciousness is and what kinds of systems can have it. But this may be putting the cart before the horse. There are currently a wide range of very different theories all claiming to be theories of consciousness. How are we to decide between them if we do not already know which systems are conscious and what they are conscious of? In this paper I aim to do two things. First, I explain why a theory‐driven approach to consciousness science, even one sensitive to Lakatosian norms and updating in a Bayesian manner, may lead to divergence rather than convergence. Second, I draw on the history of thermometry and natural kind reasoning to sketch a theory‐neutral route towards progress in consciousness science.
Auditory–motor synchronization in developmental coordination disorder: Effects on interlimb coordination during walking and running
Authors: Goetschalckx Mieke , Feys Peter , Rameckers Eugene , Moens Bart , Leman Marc , Moumdjian Lousin
Published: September 2024

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) presents challenges in motor control. DCD affects tasks such as walking and running and is characterized by poor interlimb coordination and increased spatiotemporal variability compared to typically developing children (TDC). While auditory rhythm synchronization has shown to have benefits for gait performance in adults, its impact on children with DCD during walking and running remains unclear. This study investigated auditory–motor synchronization and interlimb coordination during walking and running in children with and without DCD. Twenty‐one DCD and 23 TDC participants aged 8−12 years walked and ran to two different auditory metronomes (discrete and continuous). Synchronization consistency was the primary outcome, with interlimb coordination and spatiotemporal variability as secondary outcomes. Results showed that children with DCD exhibited significantly lower synchronization consistency than TDC, particularly during running. The metronome structure did not influence synchronization ability. Additionally, interlimb coordination differed significantly between DCD and TDC during running and was not impacted by auditory–motor synchronization. Spatiotemporal variability was higher in DCD during both walking and running than in TDC, and accentuated during running. Variability of cadence was influenced by the use of continuous metronomes, which may offer potential benefits in reducing cadence variability.
I expect you to be happy, so I see you smile: A multidimensional account of emotion attribution
Authors: Berio Leda , Newen Albert
Published: September 2024

Constructivist theories of emotions and empirical studies have been increasingly stressing the role of contextual information and cultural conventions in emotion recognition. We propose a new account of emotion recognition and attribution that systematically integrates these aspects, and argue that emotion recognition is part of the general process of person impression formation. To describe the structural organization and the role of background information in emotion recognition and attribution, we introduce situation models and personal models. These models constitute the top‐level structures in a complex hierarchy of dimensions which considers different types of basic emotion cues. Thus, we propose a multidimensional account of emotion recognition which enables us to integrate the top‐down and bottom‐up processes involved: basic emotion cues in certain contexts can trigger situation models and person models, which influence emotion recognition which, in turn, reinforce or modify these models. We argue that this kind of loop deeply affects the way emotions enter our social interactions. Our account is in line with the “normative turn” of social cognition, that stresses the way social expectations actively shape the patterns we recognize, and make, in our social world.
Spectral Heat Transfer Coefficient for Thermal Design Analysis—Part II: Leveraging Diabatic Wall Conditioning for Nonlinear Regime
Authors: He L.
Published: September 2024

There are two main issues of interest in the context of Newton's law of cooling as applied to turbine aerothermal designs. First, in a linear aerothermal regime in which both the conventional wisdom in general and the law of cooling in particular are notionally established, how do we deal with a non-isothermal wall where the wall surface temperature is non-uniform? Secondly, what can we do if an aerothermal system becomes nonlinear, manifested by qualitatively large changes in the flow field affected by heat transfer? In Part 1, a new spectral heat transfer coefficient (SHTC) method has been introduced for blade thermal analysis subject to non-isothermal walls in a linear aerothermal regime. It has been demonstrated definitively that the SHTC approach enables markedly more accurate thermal design analyses of a solid temperature field than the conventional method. Part II is devoted to address the issue of nonlinearity when the temperature field actively interacts with the velocity field as in many practical aerothermal problems. It is noted that the conventional approach rests heavily on an adiabatic state, so much so that its working range becomes overly restrictive. To move away from the adiabatic state, we take advantage of a smooth (“differentiable”) heat flux-wall temperature relation afforded by strong solid diffusion. A local linearization can be utilized by decomposing a full thermal variable into a nonlinear base as the reference and a locally linear perturbation. This split enables us to directly compute a nonlinear base as well as to carry out a linearized scaling with the SHTC (or HTC for isothermal wall) on top of the selected nonlinear aerothermal base state. The framework method has been implemented with relatively minor changes to the linear SHTC scaling method as presented in Part 1. The results of the present computational case studies clearly and consistently support the validity and effectiveness of the present approach.
Top-Down Hierarchical Construction and Application of a Domain Knowledge Graph Based on Multimodal Design Information
Authors: Li Zhinan , Sa Guodong , Liu Zhenyu , Li Bin , Tan Jianrong
Published: September 2024

Market demands for diversified and personalized customer needs drive the need for continuous high-speed iteration of products. Among them, product conceptual design is the core process for meeting consumer needs and expectations. However, in the product conceptual design stage, data are distributed across sketches, 2D drawings, natural language texts, images, and other files, presenting characteristics of fragmentation, potential inconsistency, and multimodality. This complex data landscape can lead to challenges in accessing comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge for designers. To effectively improve designers' personal proficiency and abilities and break the knowledge isolation phenomenon, we constructed a top-down hierarchical structure of the product conceptual design domain knowledge model, achieving the formal expression of knowledge in the product conceptual design stage. First, a top-down product design domain knowledge graph (DDKG) construction method, including design feature analysis, relationship extraction, and concept definition, was proposed, resulting in the hierarchical ontology. Second, using techniques such as data analysis, knowledge extraction, and semantic similarity calculation, the automatic instantiation of the graph was realized and the DDKG was constructed. The DDKG provides three application modes: domain knowledge search, knowledge recommendation, and exploratory analysis. Finally, the proposed top-down hierarchical DDKG construction method was applied and verified in the high-end integrated home furnishing enterprise product conceptual design. We formed a unified core concept and terminology for the home furnishing conceptual design domain and constructed a knowledge service model, providing support for the intelligent transformation of the high-end integrated home furnishing design field.
An “AND” logic gate–based supramolecular therapeutic nanoplatform for combatting drug-resistant non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Qili , Ding Chendi , Wang Wenyan , Yang Li , Wu Yinglong , Zeng Wenfeng , Li Zimu , Shi Zhaoqing , Mei Lin , Zeng Xiaowei , Zhao Yanli , Chen Hongzhong
Published: September 2024

Despite targeted therapies like epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a clinical challenge due to drug resistance hampering their efficacy. Here, we designed an “AND” logic gate–based supramolecular therapeutic platform (HA-BPY-GEF-NPs) for the treatment of EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC. This system integrates both internal and external stimuli–responsive mechanisms that need to be activated in a preset sequence, enabling it to precisely control drug release behavior for enhancing therapeutic precision. By programming the system to respond to sequential near-infrared (NIR) irradiation and enzyme (cathepsin B) inputs, the release of gefitinib is effectively confined to the tumor region. Moreover, the NIR irradiation induces reactive oxygen species production, suppressing tumor growth and inhibiting bypass signaling pathways. The designed drug delivery system offers a highly controlled and targeted therapeutic approach, effectively inhibiting tumor growth, suppressing bypass signaling pathways, and overcoming EGFR-TKI resistance, thus offering a potential solution for maximizing therapeutic benefits.
Structural evolution and catalytic mechanisms of perovskite oxides in electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Jia-Wei , Li Yunxiang , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: September 2024

Electrocatalysis plays a pivotal role in driving the progress of modern technologies and industrial processes such as energy conversion and emission reduction. Perovskite oxides, an important family of electrocatalysts, have garnered substantial attention in diverse catalytic reactions because of their highly tunable composition and structure, as well as their considerable activity and stability. This review delves into the mechanisms of electrocatalytic reactions that use perovskite oxides as electrocatalysts, while also providing a comprehensive summary of the potential key factors that influence catalytic activity across various reactions. Furthermore, this review offers an overview of advanced characterizations used for studying catalytic mechanisms and proposes approaches to designing highly efficient perovskite oxide electrocatalysts.
Soft robotic artificial left ventricle simulator capable of reproducing myocardial biomechanics
Authors: Davies James , Thai Mai Thanh , Sharma Bibhu , Hoang Trung Thien , Nguyen Chi Cong , Phan Phuoc Thien , Vuong Thao Nhu Anne Marie , Ji Adrienne , Zhu Kefan , Nicotra Emanuele , Toh Yi-Chin , Stevens Michael , Hayward Christopher , Phan Hoang-Phuong , Lovell Nigel Hamilton , Do Thanh Nho
Published: September 2024

The heart’s intricate myocardial architecture has been called the Gordian knot of anatomy, an impossible tangle of intricate muscle fibers. This complexity dictates equally complex cardiac motions that are difficult to mimic in physical systems. If these motions could be generated by a robotic system, then cardiac device testing, cardiovascular disease studies, and surgical procedure training could reduce their reliance on animal models, saving time, costs, and lives. This work introduces a bioinspired soft robotic left ventricle simulator capable of reproducing the minutiae of cardiac motion while providing physiological pressures. This device uses thin-filament artificial muscles to mimic the multilayered myocardial architecture. To demonstrate the device’s ability to follow the cardiac motions observed in the literature, we used canine myocardial strain data as input signals that were subsequently applied to each artificial myocardial layer. The device’s ability to reproduce physiological volume and pressure under healthy and heart failure conditions, as well as effective simulation of a cardiac support device, were experimentally demonstrated in a left-sided mock circulation loop. This work also has the potential to deliver faithful simulated cardiac motion for preclinical device and surgical procedure testing, with the potential to simulate patient-specific myocardial architecture and motion.
Impact of VP2 structure on antigenicity: comparison of BTV1 and the highly virulent BTV8 serotype
Authors: Bissett Sara L. , Roy Polly
Published: September 2024

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an agriculturally and economically significant insect-borne virus that causes serious illness and death in sheep and other domestic and wild ruminants in large areas of the world. Numerous BTV serotypes exist, and distant serotypes exhibit unique neutralizing antibody profiles, which target the outermost capsid protein VP2. The predominant serotype-specific nature of the antibody response to VP2 is a barrier to the development of broad-spectrum prophylactic BTV vaccine candidates. Although VP2 is the main serotype determinant of BTV, the structural basis of serotype specificity has not been investigated. In this study, we utilized the recently available atomic structure of VP2 with a modeled tip domain to carry out
in silico
structural comparisons between distant serotypes BTV1 and BTV8. These analyses identified structural differences in the tip domain, positioned at the apex of VP2, and informed the design of mutant VP2 constructs. Dissection of tip domain antigenicity demonstrated that the region of structural difference between BTV1 and highly virulent BTV8 was a target of BTV neutralizing antibodies and that mutation of this region resulted in a loss of neutralizing antibody recognition. This study has for the first time provided insights into the structural differences, which underpin the serotype-specific neutralizing antibody response to BTV.

IMPORTANCE

The immune system can protect against virus infection by producing antibodies, which bind and inhibit the virus from infecting the susceptible host. These antibodies are termed neutralizing antibodies and generally target the viral receptor binding protein, such as the VP2 of bluetongue virus (BTV). This pressure from the immune system can drive mutation of the viral protein resulting in escape from antibody-mediated neutralization and the evolution of serotypes, as is the case for BTV. Understanding the structural differences, which underpin the different BTV serotypes, could help guide the design of a BTV vaccine that targets multiple serotypes. In this study, we have mapped the VP2 structural differences between distant serotypes, to a region targeted by neutralizing antibodies, and have demonstrated for the first time how VP2 structure is the fundamental basis of serotype specificity.
Seawater sulfate dynamics and a new tipping point in the Earth system
Authors: Fakhraee Mojtaba , Bauer Kohen W. , Crowe Sean A.
Published: September 2024

Seawater sulfate (SO42−) concentrations have changed by orders of magnitude in response to atmospheric and ocean redox dynamics throughout Earth's history. A fundamental model that constrains seawater SO42− dynamics based on the principles of mass balance, however, is still lacking. Here, we used a dynamical systems approach to determine the effects of global source and sink strengths on seawater SO42− concentrations. Our stochastic analysis of the SO42− mass balance revealed two most probable seawater SO42− concentration ranges: one under widespread oceanic anoxic conditions with SO42− concentrations <1000 µM, and the other with SO42− concentrations around or above 10,000 µM under widely oxygenated ocean conditions. Swings between these two seawater SO42− concentration ranges are notably evident during the Phanerozoic Eon and developed in response to reoccurring oceanic anoxic events. We also identified a threshold for the extent of oceanic anoxia above which seawater SO42− concentrations collapse to <1000 µM, with corresponding impacts on global biogeochemical cycles, biology, and climate.
Pulse of intense oxidative weathering during the latest Paleoproterozoic
Authors: Yang Xiuqing , Yang Guowei , Li Chao , Konhauser Kurt O. , Wu Changzhi , Huang Fang , Mao Jingwen
Published: September 2024

The mid-Proterozoic (ca. 1.8–0.8 Ga) is broadly characterized by low atmospheric oxygen and pervasive oceanic anoxia punctuated by pulses of oxygenation. However, the causes underpinning these transient events remain elusive. Here, we report on 1.64 billion-year-old black shales and dolostone from the Chuanlinggou Formation in the North China Craton that represent sediment deposited during the break-up of the supercontinent Columbia. The rocks are characterized by high initial 187Os/188Os values, comparable to modern seawater values, alongside positive isotopic compositions of copper similar to those found in shales deposited during the Great Oxidation Event between 2.5 and 2.2 billion years ago. Additionally, we note high Th/U ratios and Chemical Index of Alteration values. Collectively, our data suggest a positive feedback initiated by continental fragmentation, with increased oxidative weathering on land, greater nutrient supply to the oceans, enhanced primary production of marine cyanobacteria, and ultimately, higher rates of oxygen production, perpetuating the feedback loop.
Reshetnyak’s Worldline and Memes
Authors: Kutateladze S. S.
Published: September 2024

This is a brief overview of the worldline and memes of
Yurii Reshetnyak (1929–1921), the Russian leader of geometric analysis.
Abstracts from international emergency medicine journals
Authors: Production EMJ
Published: September 2024

Editor’s note: EMJ has partnered with the journals of multiple international emergency medicine societies to share from each a highlighted research study, as selected by their editors. This edition will feature an abstract from each publication.
What defines a healthy gut microbiome?
Authors: Van Hul Matthias , Cani Patrice D , Petitfils Camille , De Vos Willem M , Tilg Herbert , El-Omar Emad M
Published: September 2024

The understanding that changes in microbiome composition can influence chronic human diseases and the efficiency of therapies has driven efforts to develop microbiota-centred therapies such as first and next generation probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics, microbiota editing and faecal microbiota transplantation. Central to microbiome research is understanding how disease impacts microbiome composition and vice versa, yet there is a problematic issue with the term ‘dysbiosis’, which broadly links microbial imbalances to various chronic illnesses without precision or definition. Another significant issue in microbiome discussions is defining ‘healthy individuals’ to ascertain what characterises a healthy microbiome. This involves questioning who represents the healthiest segment of our population—whether it is those free from illnesses, athletes at peak performance, individuals living healthily through regular exercise and good nutrition or even elderly adults or centenarians who have been tested by time and achieved remarkable healthy longevity.

This review advocates for delineating ‘what defines a healthy microbiome?’ by considering a broader range of factors related to human health and environmental influences on the microbiota. A healthy microbiome is undoubtedly linked to gut health. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to pinpoint a universally accepted definition of ‘gut health’ due to the complexities of measuring gut functionality besides the microbiota composition. We must take into account individual variabilities, the influence of diet, lifestyle, host and environmental factors. Moreover, the challenge in distinguishing causation from correlation between gut microbiome and overall health is presented.

The review also highlights the resource-heavy nature of comprehensive gut health assessments, which hinders their practicality and broad application. Finally, we call for continued research and a nuanced approach to better understand the intricate and evolving concept of gut health, emphasising the need for more precise and inclusive definitions and methodologies in studying the microbiome.
La saison des feux de forêt 2023 au Québec: un aperçu des conditions extrêmes, des impacts, des leçons apprises et des considérations pour l'avenir
Authors: Boulanger Yan , Arseneault Dominique , Bélisle Annie Claude , Bergeron Yves , Boucher Jonathan , Boucher Yan , Danneyrolles Victor , Erni Sandy , Gachon Philippe , Girardin Martin P. , Grant Eliane , Grondin Pierre , Jetté Jean-Pierre , Labadie Guillemette , Leblond Mathieu , Leduc Alain , Pascual Jesus , St-Laurent Martin-Hugues , Tremblay Junior A. , Waldron Kaysandra
Published: September 2024

La saison des feux de forêt de 2023 au Québec, marquée par des conditions extrêmement chaudes et sèches, a établi de nouveaux records en brûlant 4,5 millions d'hectares. Cette situation est directement liée aux impacts persistants et en augmentation du changement climatique. Cette étude examine les conditions météorologiques exceptionnelles ayant mené aux feux et évalue leurs impacts significatifs sur le secteur forestier, la gestion des feux, les habitats du caribou boréal, et met particulièrement en lumière les répercussions profondes sur les communautés des Premières Nations. Les feux ont entraîné une baisse significative de la productivité des forêts et de l'approvisionnement en bois, submergeant les équipes de gestion des feux et nécessitant des évacuations massives. Le territoire et les communautés des Premières Nations ont été profondément affectés, confrontés à de graves problèmes de qualité de l'air et à des bouleversements considérables. Si l'impact sur l'habitat du caribou a été modeste dans l'ensemble de la province, les répercussions écologiques, économiques et sociales ont été considérables. Pour atténuer les impacts à venir des prochaines saisons de feux de forêt extrêmes, une avenue suggérée serait de modifier les pratiques d'aménagement forestier afin d'accroître la résilience et la résistance des forêts, d'adapter les structures industrielles aux nouvelles sources d'approvisionnement en bois et d'améliorer les stratégies de lutte contre les feux et la gestion des risques. De même, une approche globale et unifiée de la gestion des risques qui incorpore les leçons apprises de la saison des feux de 2023, tout en prenant en considération les changements climatiques actuels est suggérée. L'étude souligne le besoin urgent d'une meilleure planification et de mesures proactives pour réduire les risques et les impacts croissants des feux de forêt dans un climat changeant. [Ceci est une traduction fournie par l'auteur du résumé en anglais.]
Newly formed solitary wave solutions and other solitons to the (3+1)-dimensional mKdV–ZK equation utilizing a new modified Sardar sub-equation approach
Authors: Hamid Ihsanullah , Kumar Sachin
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we are going to investigate the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear modified Korteweg–de Vries-Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mKdV–ZK) equation, which governs the behavior of weakly nonlinear ion acoustic waves in magnetized electron–positron plasma. By taking advantage of the newly proposed modified Sardar sub-equation method, we derive a comprehensive set of exact soliton solutions to the mKdV–ZK equation. Additionally, we provide graphical representations of the solutions, including 2D, 3D, and contour plots, to visualize the characteristics and features of these nonlinear wave structures. These solutions encompass a diverse range of wave patterns, including traveling waves, bright solitons, periodic waves, dark–bright solitons, lump-type solitons, and multi-soliton solutions. The obtained solutions provide valuable insights into the nonlinear behaviors and dynamics exhibited by the mKdV–ZK equation. The success of the new modified Sardar sub-equation method in obtaining a diverse range of solutions for the [Formula: see text]-dimensional mKdV–ZK equation highlights its potential for applications in the analysis of various nonlinear systems in plasma physics and beyond. Also, the study reviewed the superiority of the modified method compared to the Sardar sub-equation method.
A class of vertex operator algebras generated by Virasoro vectors
Authors: Iqbal Rabia
Published: September 2024

We study a class of simple vertex operator algebras of OZ-type provided that each vertex operator algebra is generated by its Griess algebra [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is linearly spanned by Virasoro elements [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], which satisfy some conditions and that each vertex subalgebra generated by the Virasoro vector [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to the unitary simple vertex operator algebra [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text].