bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel flame retardancy effect of phenethyl-bridged DOPO derivative on epoxy resin
Authors: Yan Wei , Yu Jie , Zhang Mingqiu , Long Lijuan , Wang Tao , Qin Shuhao , Huang Weijiang
Published: July 2017

A series of flame-retardant epoxy resins (EPs) containing either phenethyl-bridged 9 or 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide derivative (bisDOPO) were prepared. The flame-retardant properties of bisDOPO on EP composites were characterized by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL-94 vertical burning, and the cone calorimeter test (CCT).The LOI of the EP/bisDOPO composites increased from 21.8% to 38.0%, and the hybrids with the 10 wt% bisDOPO obtained a V-0 rating in the UL94 vertical burning test. The char residue following the CCT showed intumescent structures with continuous and compact surfaces that can effectively suppress the spread of the flame and extinguish the fire. This was confirmed through both visual observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. The flame-retardant mechanism was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry, SEM/energy-dispersive X-ray, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Overall, bisDOPO was an effective flame retardant with potential applications within EP.
Springback correction of stamped, curved U-channel part by laser bending
Authors: Shim H B , Kim K H
Published: July 2017

The present study concerns laser-assisted springback correction for a stamped part comprising a curved U-channel. To determine laser irradiation conditions, bending deformation induced by the laser scanning was predicted using a coupled thermo-mechanical finite element (FE) analysis. To validate and tune the results of analysis, a laser bending experiment was performed. The required magnitude of bending angle for springback correction was determined through a stamping analysis followed by a springback analysis. From the series of thermo-mechanical FE analyses, a simple relationship between bending angle and laser scanning length was constructed. A simple method of springback correction which uses the constructed relationship is proposed in this work.
Binary observers based control for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle with disturbances and measurement delay
Authors: Zhang Juqian , Zhou Laihong , Li Cunxu , Wen Bangchun
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a binary observers based linearization feedback sliding mode controller for quadrotor subjected to disturbances and measurement delay. The quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle is divided into two subsystems, i.e. rotational subsystem and translational subsystem. Disturbance observer based controller is proposed for the former sensitive to disturbances, and binary observers based one for the latter subjected to both disturbances and measurement delay. Binary observers, consisting of disturbance observer and delayed output observer with their interactions being considered, promise exponential convergences of estimations on disturbance and output to their real values, which are compensated in the feedback control loop. The stabilities of the closed-loop subsystems are demonstrated based on Lyapunov theory. In the presence of both disturbances and measurement delay, simulations are carried out to corroborate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller with superior control inputs.
Multi-objective optimization of condensation heat transfer using teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Kumar Parmanand
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the multi-objective optimization of R-245fa vapour condensation inside horizontal tube has been carried out using teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm. The teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm is teaching–learning procedure motivated and works on the impact of a teacher on the outcome of students in a class. Heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop with two parameters have been considered to evaluate the performance of the tube. The mass flux and vapour quality of refrigerant are taken as the parameters. The limit of mass flux and vapour quality are from 100 to 300 kg/m2 s and 0.1 to 0.8, respectively. The optimum values of heat transfer coefficient 2820.5 W/m2 K and pressure drop 1360.2 Pa are obtained with mass flux 137.65 kg/m2 s and vapour quality 0.77 using teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm.
Time–space distanciation: An empirically supported integrative framework for the cultural psychology of time and space
Authors: Keefer Lucas A , Stewart Sheridan A , Palitsky Roman , Sullivan Daniel
Published: July 2017

While researchers in social psychology often explore space and time in isolation, the relations between these dimensions are rarely considered. To address this gap, we explore a model of Time–Space Distanciation, the extent to space and time are abstracted from one another in the cultural coordination of activity. We introduce this construct with an emphasis on its interdisciplinary roots and its status as a feature of both group- and individual-level psychology. We then offer three studies providing initial evidence of the distinctiveness of this variable at both levels. We find that (1) state-level time–space distanciation is related to, but distinct from, collectivism and cultural tightness and (2) it has important implications for collective well-being. We further found that (3) individual-level time–space distanciation is associated with a wide range of trait differences. We conclude by describing the implications of this research for the study of time, space, and their connection.
Transforming the Self: Exploring Effects of Vipassana on Delhi Police Trainees
Authors: Agrawal Rakesh Kumar , Bedi Kiran
Published: July 2017

While living a life based on universal principles is well accepted by many, the reality of living acts as a great detriment to those who want to centre their lives on these timeless truths. Further, institutional mechanisms and work environments do not conform in general to such principle-centred living. The agents of the state, especially those in the police, have to work under tremendous obstacles and pressures from within and without, and often get a bad reputation, sometimes undeservingly. Moreover their value systems may also degrade in these environments, a direction that requires to be altered by the ‘guardians of the law’. It is important to bring about alignment of values and ethical perceptions of state administrators with some universal laws. The Buddhist practice of vipassana mediation can play a significant role in such transformations, as is evident from the responses from Delhi Police personnel who underwent vipassana in one of their training programmes. Vipassana has made significant differences in the lives and perceptions of these trainees—both at the professional and personal level. This paper introduces these concepts and cites evidences from the feedback sheets of trainees to recommend worldwide adoption of such practices for those who occupy seats of power and responsibility. The feedback shows positive and very encouraging trends in all dimensions—work related, humanitarian, family and self—in other words, in professional, personal and deep inner lives.
Family-focused Interventions in Health and Illness
Authors: D'Cruz Premilla
Published: July 2017

Research has established that the family is a critical variable in the aetiology, course, outcome, treatment and care of the health and illness of its members. Consequently, the significance of a family focus in interventions for health and illness at all levels of prevention and at all stages of the health-disease continuum cannot be ignored. A review of literature in cases of physical health and illness highlights that while such interventions, particularly at the secondary and tertiary levels of prevention, are well established in the West, the same is not true of India. Adopting a family focus in India's health care system should be treated as an urgent matter and acted upon forthwith.
Effect of Social Networking Advertisements on Shaping Consumers’ Attitude
Authors: Mukherjee Kaustav , Banerjee Neelotpaul
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this research article is to propose and test a model showing the impact of three positive attributes of social networking advertisements (SNAs) on the generation of positive attitude of the viewers. The model is further used to empirically test the impact of the generated positive attitude towards the SNAs on purchase intention and word-of-mouth (WOM) intention. Online survey was conducted to collect relevant data using structured questionnaire, which was subsequently subjected to structural equation modelling (SEM) using the statistical software AMOS 18. The study shows that SNAs which incorporate three positive attributes, entertainment, information and credibility, result in generation of positive attitude towards the SNAs. Also, once a positive attitude towards the SNAs has been generated, it further results in generation of purchase intention and WOM intention. The present study aims to contribute to the body of knowledge, and help the brand advertisers to design and present SNAs to generate favourable cognitive and behavioural responses from the consumers.
High expressions of BCL6 and Lewis y antigen are correlated with high tumor burden and poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhu Liancheng , Feng Huilin , Jin Shan , Tan Mingzi , Gao Song , Zhuang Huiyu , Hu Zhenhua , Wang Huimin , Song Zuofei , Lin Bei
Published: July 2017

Aberrant regulation of BCL6 plays crucial oncogenic roles in various malignant tumors; howbeit, the function of BCL6 in tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of BCL6 in ovarian cancer. The methods of immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemical staining, and gene expression profile enrichment analysis were performed to identify the possible role of BCL6 in ovarian cancer. We observed that the expression of BCL6 was significantly higher in ovarian cancer tissues and correlated with higher tumor burden including advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages, poor differentiation, Type II ovarian cancer, the presence of >1 cm residual tumor size, and appearance of recurrence or death (all p < 0.05). The expression patterns of Lewis y were similar to these of BCL6. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, lymph node metastasis, residual tumor size >1 cm, as well as high expressions of BCL6 and Lewis y antigen were independent factors of worse progression-free survival and overall survival (all p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation of the expressions of BCL6 and Lewis y antigen. The associated genes with BCL6 in response to Lewis y antigen were identified, including four upregulated genes ( SOCS3, STAT1, PPARG, and GADD45A) and three downregulated genes ( ACAN, E2F3, and ZBTB7B). In conclusion, the high expressions of BCL6 and Lewis y antigen are associated with development, high tumor burden, and worse prognosis of ovarian cancer and targeting BCL6 could be a novel therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer treatment.
Let7b modulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in liver cancer cells via downregulated Frizzled4
Authors: Cai Hui , Chen Yifeng , Yang Xiaojun , Ma Shixun , Wang Qi , Zhang Yupeng , Niu Xiangdong , Ding Guogan , Yuan Yuan
Published: July 2017

Let7 microRNA implicated in many cellular processes and participated in the progress of various tumors. Similarly, Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in morphogenesis, differentiation, cell survival, and proliferation. However, there is little research focusing on the relevance between Let7b and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, especially in liver cancer cell. To study this, human liver cancer cells HUH7 and MHCC97H were cultured, enhanced, or inhibited the expression of Let7b in two cell lines. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of Wnt signaling–related protein β-catenin and Frizzled family receptor. CD24+133+ was used as a cancer stem cell marker, and the proportion of CD24+133+ in liver cancer cell lines was observed by flow cytometry. The proliferation, invasiveness, and migration of liver cancer cells were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, transwell, and wound healing assays. The research revealed that enhanced expression of Let7b decreased the expression of Frizzled4, while inhibited Let7b expression increased Frizzled4 expression. Enhanced Let7b expression reduced the proportion of cancer stem cell in liver cancer cell; meanwhile, Let7b inhibition increased the proportion of cancer stem cell. Upregulated Let7b expression repressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of liver cancer cell. This study showed that Let7b modulates the proliferation, invasiveness, and migration of liver cancer cell and reduces the proportion of cancer stem cells in liver cancer cell by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via downregulated Frizzled4.
USP17 is upregulated in osteosarcoma and promotes cell proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition through stabilizing SMAD4
Authors: Song Chenyang , Liu Wenge , Li Jiandong
Published: July 2017

USP17 is upregulated in several cancers, indicating that USP17 might play essential functions in tumor development. However, the function of USP17 in osteosarcoma is still unknown. Our work aimed to investigate the function of USP17 in osteosarcoma. We found that the expression of USP17 was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, including MG-63 and U2OS. Several functional experiments, such as colony formation analysis, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, wound healing analysis, and transwell assay, showed that USP17 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we found that USP17 facilitated migration and invasion through promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition. SMAD4 has been found to regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition, co-immunopurification, and glutathione S-transferase pull-down analysis demonstrated that USP17 interacted with SMAD4. Furthermore, USP17 stabilized SMAD4 through its deubiquitinase activity. In conclusion, this study shows that USP17 enhances osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion through stabilizing SMAD4.
Three Singing Games
Authors: Smale Marcelyn
Published: July 2017

Playing singing games delights children around the world. Because of this, sharing them delights early-childhood teachers. These three singing games were among those shared by participants in the 1994 International Society for Music Education Early Childhood Commission Seminar in Columbia, Missouri.
Quality Assurance Implications of Federal Peer Review Laws: The Health Care Quality Improvement Act and the National Practitioner Data Bank
Authors: Snelson Elizabeth
Published: July 2017

Patrick v. Burget, the landmark peer review case holding physicians liable under federal antitrust law for substantial damages caused by bad faith peer review, gave rise to the Health Care Quality Improvement Act. As shown in the recent decision in Austin v. McNamara, the Act's conditional immunities may promote peer review. However, the Act also created the National Practitioner Data Bank, which may have a chilling effect on peer review. The quality assurance implications of each of these federal legal developments is analyzed.
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma With Osteosarcomatous Heterologous Differentiation: A Case Report With Molecular Genetic Analysis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Aird John James , Nic an Riogh Aisling U. , Fleming Stewart , Hislop R. Gordon , Sweeney Paul , Mayer Nick
Published: July 2017

Sarcomatoid differentiation can occur in all subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In rare cases, heterologous differentiation has been described. We present a case of heterologous osteosarcomatous differentiation in association with sarcomatoid papillary RCC including an analysis of chromosomal copy number alteration. This is the first case to identify heterologous differentiation in association with papillary RCC. The patient was a 70-year-old man who had a mass in the right kidney. Speckled calcification was seen on computed tomography scan. Histological assessment demonstrated papillary RCC merging with areas of sarcomatoid change and malignant bone formation simulating osteosarcoma. Cytogenetic evaluation demonstrated additional copies of chromosome 7 in both epithelial and osteosarcomatous components. A literature review identified 33 previous cases of heterologous differentiation in association with RCC. Of the 14 cases that reported an epithelial subtype, 13 cases were reported to be chromophobe RCC and 1 case was reported to be clear cell RCC.
Double Perspective
Authors: Ginsberg-Riggs Gina , Weiner Ann
Published: July 2017

We are a group of parents of gifted children that has been meeting for over a year, and we need help! Our first meeting was so enthusiastic that we had high hopes, but subsequent meetings have left us increasingly frustrated, and attendance is dropping. We had a couple of people interested in legislation, but they don't seem to be getting anywhere. We have lost some parents of pre-schoolers who wanted to start their own school. And, frankly, I would not mind losing the father who wants to get his daughter's principal fired, but he shows up regularly and dominates the meeting. To make matters worse, I am beginning to feel that the others may be blaming me for our lack of progress because I was instrumental in getting them together. I am a hard worker and willing to do my best, but I don't know what comes next. I thought originally that getting a group together was the important thing, but obviously that is not enough. Where do we go from here?
The Physical Education Program at Equality High
Authors: Bergman Jerry
Published: July 2017

With tongue in cheek, Jerry Bergman compares the current educational overemphasis on the upper end (the gifted and talented) to an area we are all familiar with-sports. The comparison helps us realize the results of the current attitude that supports expensive programs to help the below average, but grossly neglects the above average because of the feeling that they can “help themselves.”
From Our Readers: Riggs vs. Riggs
Authors: Riggs Gina Ginsberg , Riggs S. Kenneth
Published: July 2017

My problem no doubt is one you've heard again and again. I have a six-year-old son whose intelligence level tests have shown him to be in the gifted range. The tests only confirm what I've known since he was seven months old.

Unfortunately, we his parents have not been in a financial position to provide him the stimulating educational environment which he needs, desperately so at this point. Nor have we been (and it hurts to say this) equal to his special demands at home, though we have done what we thought was our best.

His general behavior has been such a problem at pre-school, kindergarten, and in his first-grade class that we have been advised to seek counseling. The child psychologist at the Pediatric Clinic advised us that Chris needs to be in a school for gifted children, but found that none in the area would accept him, much less grant him a scholarship, until he had undergone behavior modification. There is a program (private) that specializes in this type of situation. It's highly recommended, but demands a tuition of $5,000 for six months! After that, granting that he would then be acceptable to one of the “gifted” schools, we face the continuing financial challenge.

Is there anything you can do for us? Are there organizations or corporations who grant scholarships for children like Chris? I am willing to contact anyone who might be of help. My son is a delightful bundle of energy, intelligence, and charm, and I don't want to see his giftedness be a millstone around his neck. Whatever you might be able to advise would be greatly appreciated.

We live in a nice town that is supposed to have good education. In fact, that is why some of us moved here. Our superintendent says that the school is providing for its gifted students in the regular classroom and through just a few extra programs, but we are very dissatisfied. We formed an organization of parents a couple of years ago with the aim of improving the school's gifted program, but we have not been successful at all. How can we make the school change?

We are a group of parents who all have children in our school's gifted program. In the beginning we were so excited about meeting each other and getting together, but after almost a year our meetings are poorly attended. We are falling apart! We think that it is important for us to be together for mutual support and also for the sake of the gifted program, but how do we stay together?
Accelerating Gifted Girls
Authors: Hall Eleanor G.
Published: July 2017

Throughout the history of gifted education, acceleration has been shown to be an effective method of meeting the educational needs of gifted students. Subject matter acceleration options such as taking high school courses in junior high, college courses while still in high school, or correspondence courses all appear to be effective educational procedures for the gifted. However, gifted adolescent girls have been less likely than boys to take advantage of these options (Fox, 1977). This article examines acceleration methods and recommends a method which has been piloted at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay that has attracted a high proportion of female participants.
A Comment or Two(… or N)
Authors: Gold Marvin
Published: July 2017

Welcome back to another school year! Be ye parents, educators, org/c/t students, may 1983–1984 be all you wish it to be.
The Role of the Mentor
Authors: Cox June , Daniel Neil
Published: July 2017

This is the fifth in a series of articles reporting on the Richardson Study, a national investigation of educational programs and practices designed for high ability students, including the gifted and talented. Previous articles focused on continuous progress and nongraded schools, Advanced Placement, concurrent enrollment, the International Baccalaureate Program, and specialized schools. This article explores a variety of programs that involve pairing students for instruction with adults, generally business and professional people in the community, rather than with the students' own faculty members.

The Richardson Study is based on a national survey, conducted in 1982, of over fifteen thousand schools and districts, public and parochial, throughout the nation; on visits to schools to examine diverse approaches to educating able learners; and on conferences attended by Richardson Study Committee members and invited school representatives.

In preparation for this article, the committee gathered in Fort Worth, April 22–24, 1983 with six educators. Each educator presented a model or concept related to programs described as mentorships, internships, and assistantships.

Bruce Boston from Wordsmith, Inc. in Fairfax, Virginia, challenged the group to keep in mind that “mentor” refers to a very special relationship between two individuals, that it does not refer to a program. Donald Davis, Chairman of the Executive High School Internship Association, from Springfield, Illinois, reviewed the history of the Association and discussed the services it currently offers. Martha Fulbright from Weslaco, Texas; Joan Shelley from Carrollton, Texas; and Mike Stuart from Dallas, Texas, presented the programs they coordinate in their districts. Bill Nash from Texas A & M University presented a career education model he and others developed there.

The committee and invited educators worked diligently to identify the issues encountered in developing internships and related programs. They considered the kinds of recommendations they would make, based on their experiences, to others wishing to implement such programs. The recommendations at the close of the article reflect those drawn up by the group.

About Definitions

Very often terms denoting adults paired with students for instructional purposes are used interchangeably. However, in this article, an assistant is understood to mean one who assists, a helper or an aide. An apprentice is one who is bound by legal agreement to work for another for a specific amount of time in return for instruction in a trade, art, or business. An intern is an advanced student or recent graduate undergoing supervised practical training, while a mentor is a wise and trusted counselor or teacher.
Bytes for Brights
Authors: Tkach John R.
Published: July 2017

Median sagittal section of the brain. The sequence of nerve impulses involved in typing a letter progresses from frontal cortex to the premotor cortex to the motor cortex, then down the brain stem to the spine and the muscles. The cerebellum monitors the muscle movement and insures the correct process. Reproduced with permission from Anatomy of the Human Body, by Henry Gray, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
Understanding the Interests and Themes of the Very Young Gifted Child
Authors: Cohen LeoNora M.
Published: July 2017

There are lots of dangers lurking when you're not quite two, The hard and sharp and point of things attack and jump at you. Lions open up their mouths and let out toothy roars, While little fingers seem to seek the hinges on the doors. Electric outlets, matches, stoves are no-nos and so hot. Table corners are head high, watch out! The coffee pot! If you eat too many raisins, you'll get a tummy ache, While Dad or Mommy's shouting can really make you shake. Don't run out into the street! You'll get hit by a car! The lightening and the thunder — it isn't very far. There's bathtub drains and toilet bowls with noisy, gurgling flushes, Awaiting there to swallow you, to get you in their clutches. There's vacuum cleaner monsters, electric plugs and such, And if you can't equilibrate, it really is too much.
Discovery Ideas for the Gifted
Authors: Elgersma Robert
Published: July 2017

This is the third in a series of discovery ideas and projects which require that students study in depth. The topics in this section are generally suitable for elementary and middle school students, however, teachers must judge appropriateness for individual students. The following pages are in an easy-to-use, “reproduce, cut, and distribute” format, and permission is granted for reproduction of these pages for classroom use.
Fulfilling Project Promise's Promise in Geneva, New York
Authors: Addona Rebecca K. , Ebersole Dorothy
Published: July 2017

“Surely the goal [of museum visits] is to open up the world of sight and sound and touch for each child by sharpening his perceptual skills and to make him sensitive to new sources of data in the world around him.”
Update: Guidelines for Effective Facilitation of Creative Problem Solving
Authors: Firestien Roger L. , Treffinger Donald J.
Published: July 2017

The first article in this series provided an overview of the concepts and processes of CPS (Creative Problem Solving) with a detailed discussion of the logistics of a CPS session (resources, materials, setup, and facilitation techniques). Each of the six phases of CPS — Mess-Finding (MF), Data-Finding (DF), Problem-Finding (PF), Idea-Finding (IF), Solution-Finding (SF), and Acceptance-Finding (AF) — involves a divergent (creative thought) phase, which focuses on generating new ideas and possibilities, and a convergent (critical thought) phase, which selects, synthesizes, and refines ideas.
One Family's Decision: When Should Our Child Start School?
Authors: Cramond Bonnie
Published: July 2017

When should our child start school? Parents often get mixed messages. We are warned about the dangers of pushing young children too far too soon, but we are also reminded of the necessity of challenging them to do their best.

There appears to be an increasing trend for parents to hold their children back for one year past the eligible age for kindergarten entry. Coupled with the movement by school districts to push back the birth date for children beginning school, the result is a growing number of children entering school much older than was true in the past.

This presents a problem for many parents of gifted children who are ready to begin school before the prescribed time. What follows is how one mother and father made the decision to go against the trend and enter their child early. It is a chronicle of their dealing with the system, their problems and successes, and their reflections one year later.
How One Summer School Became an Extended Family
Authors: Grant Jean
Published: July 2017

Parent: “How was class today?”

Child: “Okay.”

Parent: “Did you learn a lot?”

Child: “Yep … Are we going swimming now?”
An Interview with Julian C. Stanley
Authors: Kirschenbaum Robert J.
Published: July 2017

This is the conclusion of Robert Kirchenbaum's interview with Julian C. Stanley. Dr. Stanley is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) in Baltimore, MD21218. Dr. Stanley was interviewed in Boston during the Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association in April, 1990. Since then, he has updated the original transcript a little.
A Crisis in Space — A Futuristic Simulation Using Creative Problem Solving
Authors: Clode Linda
Published: July 2017

The architect looked solemnly out on the assembled voyagers.

“The crack in the ship seems to be stabilized for the moment,” she said. “Our biggest concern is the loss of oxygen tanks which floated out through the crack on impact. Our emergency supplies should last until morning when I hope to have the area redesigned so that we can land to resupply.”

The Commander gravely acknowledged her report and called on the rest of the group for comments before moving to the problems of the other members of his team.
How Ending Impunity for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Overwhelmed the UN Women, Peace, and Security Agenda: A Discursive Genealogy
Authors: Reilly Niamh
Published: July 2017

The recent unprecedented focus on ending impunity for conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is positive in many respects. However, it has narrowed the scope of Security Council Resolution 1325 and the women, peace, and security (WPS) agenda it established in 2000. Through a critical discursive genealogy of the interrelation of two UN agendas—protection of civilians in armed conflict and women, peace, and security—the author traces how CRSV emerged as the defining issue of the latter while the transformative imperative of making women’s participation central to every UN endeavor for peace and security has failed to gain traction.
Safety Assessment of Alkyl PEG Sulfosuccinates as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Johnson Wilbur , Heldreth Bart , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: July 2017

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of alkyl polyethylene glycol (PEG) sulfosuccinates, which function in cosmetics mostly as surfactants/cleansing agents. Although these ingredients may cause ocular and skin irritation, dermal penetration is unlikely because of the substantial polarity and molecular size of these ingredients. The Panel considered the negative oral carcinogenicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity data on chemically related laureths (PEG lauryl ethers) and negative repeated dose toxicity and skin sensitization data on disodium laureth sulfosuccinate supported the safety of these alkyl PEG sulfosuccinates in cosmetic products, but. The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the alkyl PEG sulfosuccinates are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.
Subchronic Studies of Pyrilamine in B6C3F1 Mice
Authors: Greenman David L. , Morrissey Robert , Gaylor David W. , Allaben William T.
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of subchronic exposure to the antihistamine pyrilamine maleate and to establish dosage levels to use in a 2-year chronic study. A 14-day repeated-dose study in male and female B6C3F1 mice at dietary levels of pyrilamine (as the free base) of 0, 196, 392, 783, 1563, or 3122 ppm revealed no influence on body weight gain and resulted in no deaths, nor abnormal clinical or gross necropsy observations. Parotid gland cell necrosis was more apparent in high-dosage groups than in controls of either gender. Male and female B6C3F1 mice also were administered pyrilamine for 90 days at dietary concentrations of 0, 375, 750, 1500, 3000, or 6000 ppm. Weight gain was markedly suppressed in the 6000 ppm group, but less so at 1500 and 3000 ppm. Parotid gland cell necrosis was apparent in males receiving 750 ppm pyrilamine and above and in females at 1500 ppm and above. Cytomegaly was noted in the parotid glands of both sexes at midlevel dosages but not in control, low-dosage, or high-dosage animals. It was concluded that 1500 ppm pyrilamine would not be life-threatening to B6C3F1 mice in a chronic study.
Subchronic Studies of Triprolidine in Fischer 344 Rats
Authors: Jackson Carlton D. , Cronin Gerald M. , Brown Richard J.
Published: July 2017

Triprolidine, used extensively as an antihistamine, was studied for subchronic toxicity by administration as an admixture in the diet to male and female Fischer 344 rats at dosage levels of 0, 156, 312, 625, 1250, and 2500 parts per million (ppm) for 14 days and in a second study at 0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 ppm for 90 days. In the 14-day study, the only sign of toxicity observed either clinically or histologically was a reduction of final body weights (less than 10%) of both male and female rats in the 2500 ppm dosage group associated with reduced food consumption. In the 90-day study, final body weights were reduced, compared to controls, at the higher dosage levels with 4000 ppm resulting in a 20% and 13.4% reduction in males and females, respectively. Target organs were identified as the liver with hepatic fatty change and the parotid salivary gland, which exhibited treatment-related cytoplasmic alterations of the acinar cells. Males were more susceptible than females to both of these effects. These results indicate that rats would tolerate 2000 ppm triprolidine in a 2-year chronic bioassay without significant shortening of life span.
Large-Scale Normal Coordinate Analysis on Distributed Memory Parallel Systems
Authors: Yang Chao , Raghavan Padma , Arrowood Lloyd , Noid Donald W. , Sumpter Bobby G. , Tuzun Robert E.
Published: July 2017

A parallel computational scheme for analyzing large-scale molecular vibration on distributed memory computing platforms is presented in this paper. This method combines the implicitly restarted Lanczos algorithm with a state-of-art parallel sparse direct solver to compute a set of low frequency vibrational modes for molecular systems containing tens of thousands of atoms. Although the original motivation for developing such a scheme was to overcome memory limitations on traditional sequential and shared memory machines, our computational experiments show that with a careful parallel design and data partitioning scheme one can achieve scalable performance on lightly coupled distributed memory parallel systems. In particular, we demonstrate performance enhancement achieved by using the latency tolerant “selective inversion” scheme in the sparse triangular substitution phase of the computation.
Combining Shared and Distributed Memory Programming Models on Clusters of Symmetric Multiprocessors: Some Basic Promising Experiments
Authors: Giraud L.
Published: July 2017

This note presents some experiments on different clusters of SMPs, where both distributed and shared memory parallel programming paradigms can be naturally combined. Although the platforms exhibit the same macroscopic memory organization, it appears that their individual overall performance is closely dependent on the ability of their hardware to efficiently exploit the local shared memory within the nodes. In that context, cache blocking strategy appears to be very important not only to get good performance out of each individual processor but mainly good performance out of the overall computing node since sharing memory locally might become a severe bottleneck. On a very simple benchmark, representative of many large simulation codes, we show through numerical experiments that mixing the two programming models enables us to get attractive speed-ups that compete with a pure distributed memory approach. This opens promising perspectives for smoothly moving large industrial codes developed on distributed vector computers with a moderate number of processors on these emerging platforms for intensive scientific computing that are the clusters of SMPs.
An Efficient Parallel Algorithm for Extreme Eigenvalues of Sparse Nonsymmetric Matrices
Authors: Kim S. K. , Chrortopoulos A. T.
Published: July 2017

Main memory accesses for shared-memory systems or global communications (synchronizations) in message passing systems decrease the computation speed. In this paper, the standard Arnoldi algorithm for approximating a small number of eigenvalues, with largest (or smallest) real parts for nonsymmetric large sparse matrices, is restructured so that only one synchronization point is required; that is, one global communication in a message passing distributed-memory machine or one global memory sweep in a shared-memory machine per each iteration is required. We also introduce an s-step Arnoldi method for finding a few eigenvalues of nonsymmetric large sparse matrices. This method generates reduction matrices that are similar to those generated by the standard method. One iteration of the s-step Arnoldi algorithm corresponds to s iterations of the standard Arnoldi algorithm. The s-step method has improved data locality, minimized global communication, and superior parallel properties. These algorithms are implemented on a 64-node NCUBE/7 Hypercube and a CRAY-2, and performance results are presented.
Refractory Erosive Oral Lichen Planus Associated with Hepatitis C: Response to Topical Tacrolimus Ointment
Authors: Donovan Jeffrey C. H. , Hayes Robert C. , Burgess Karen , Leong Iona T. , Rosen Cheryl F.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Erosive lichen planus is a painful and disabling disease that is frequently resistant to topical and systemic therapies. Current therapies are considered palliative rather than curative as many patients relapse after discontinuing treatment. An association has been reported between some cases of oral lichen planus (OLP) and chronic hepatitis C infection.

Objective:

We report on a 51-year-old hepatitis C-positive man with corticosteroid refractory erosive lichen planus of the lip who had a rapid resolution of his lesions following a two-week course of topical 0.1% tacrolimus ointment. The patient remains symptom-free at one year post-treatment.

Conclusion:

This case supports the safety and efficacy of topical tacrolimus in patients with steroid-refractory OLP associated with chronic hepatitis C.
Erythema Infectiosum
Authors: Vafaie Janet , Schwartz Robert A.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is a common benign pediatric condition caused by B19 parvovirus. It can be identified clinically by a “slapped cheek” appearance that is often followed by reticulated exanthem on the trunk and extremities.

Objective:

This review article provides a concise overview of erythema infectiosum.

Methods:

The article is divided into the followings sections: background, epidemiologic characteristics, clinical description, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, laboratory diagnosis, prognosis, and management.

Results:

Erythema infectiosum is found to cause a fairly prominent classic rash and generalized symptoms.

Conclusion:

Although erythema infectiosum has many distinctive symptoms, the prognosis is excellent because the condition in children is usually self-limited.
Successful Treatment of Refractory Aquagenic Pruritus with Naltrexone
Authors: Ingber Sarah , Cohen Paul D.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Aquagenic pruritus is an intense prickling sensation that develops in affected individuals immediately after contact with water at any temperature. It is most commonly associated with polycythemia rubra vera. Common but often ineffective treatments include anticholinergics and antihistamines. Other moderately successful treatments include capsaicin cream, UVB phototherapy, and sodium bicarbonate bath water.

Objective:

In this case report we describe a 55-year-old female with severe itching following showers. Underlying causes were ruled out with a series of blood tests, a chest X-ray, and serum protein electrophoresis. After multiple treatment failures, her itching was relieved with naltrexone.

Conclusion:

Endogenous opiates, like naltrexone, can modify pruritus by influencing the peripheral and central sensation of itch. It has been found to be successful in suppressing the perception of pruritus from many diverse origins including aquagenic pruritus.
Safe Psoriasis Control: A New Outcome Measure for the Composite Assessment of the Efficacy and Safety of Psoriasis Treatment
Authors: Papp Kim A. , Henninger Eric
Published: July 2017

Background:

PASI is an inadequate outcome measure for the assessment of psoriasis treatments. No currently used endpoints provide a benefit: risk assessment of treatment taking into consideration all available efficacy and safety data.

Objective:

To propose a new outcome measure called “safe psoriasis control” (SPC), which assesses multiple dimensions of the disease in a clinically meaningful way through the combined use of appropriate efficacy, quality of life, and safety data.

Methods:

Data from 3,500 subjects were used for the purpose of derivation and validation of the SPC endpoint. Advanced statistical methodology was used to evaluate and validate important components in the assessment of therapeutic benefit.

Results:

SPC was shown to be a simple but meaningful combined endpoint showing the proportion of patients who had treatment benefit without major side effects.

Conclusion:

The SPC endpoint may be a step-forward in providing a composite tool for the evaluation of treatments for psoriasis.
Misnomers in Dermatology
Authors: Barankin Benjamin , Freiman Anatoli
Published: July 2017

Background:

Dermatology lexicon is rich with descriptive terminology. However, for a variety of reasons, it also includes a number of misnomers. ObjectiveTo review the more commonly encountered and critically appraised misnomers in dermatology.

Methods:

A search of MEDLINE (1966 – 2004), eMedicine dermatology text and electronic versions of two standard dermatology texts, Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine and Dermatology, was performed using the permutations of the terms: dermatology, skin, cutaneous, and misnomer.

Results:

Greater than 40 misnomers were identified.

Conclusions:

Misnomers in dermatology stem largely from lack of appreciation of underlying etiology or histopathological features of certain skin conditions, imprecise historical observations and erroneous eponymous credit. Historical, clinical, or histopathological explanations are used to clarify the nature of the misnomers, and in some cases suggestions for improved terminology are provided.
Molecular Aspects of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in the Skin
Authors: Chow Jeffrey , Tron Victor A.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an essential physiological process that controls cell numbers during physiological processes, and eliminates abnormal cells that can potentially harm an organism.

Objective:

This review summarizes our current state of knowledge of apoptosis induction in skin by UV radiation.

Methods:

A review of the literature was undertaken focusing on cell death in the skin secondary to UV radiation.

Results:

It is evident that a number of apoptotic pathways, both intrinsic and extrinsic, are induced following exposure to damaging UV radiation.

Conclusion:

Although our understanding of the apoptotic processes is gradually increasing, many important aspects remain obscure. These include interconnections between pathways, wavelength-specific differences and cell type differences.
Understanding Screen Franchising
Authors: Moran Albert
Published: July 2017

Handbooks about the business practice of franchising do not seem to consider whether the practice occurs in television and other media industries. This lack of regard is replicated by media and communication scholars who fail to consider how this kind of media licensing works, even though the term franchising' is frequently adopted. To place the topic in a wider realm of critical inquiry, this article analyses a set of distinct economic, legal and cultural parameters that have to do with media intertext franchising on the one hand and television format franchising on the other. It finds that the two sets of practices operate under different regimes of legal protection, one concentrating on trade mark law and the other focusing on copyright law. In turn, this raises a question concerning the legal protectability of television program formats such as Ugly Betty under a legal shield associated with the media intertext rather than the television format. The presence of dramatic character would seem to be crucial to facilitating the building of a brand associated with a fictional character's aura or image.
Situating Public Intellectuals
Authors: Marshall P. David , Atherton Cassandra
Published: July 2017

The concept of the public intellectual has always been a somewhat contested term. This article serves as both an introduction to the debates around what it constitutes and an entry point into how the new media environment is producing a different configuration of the public intellectual. Through key thinkers who have addressed the idea of the public intellectual internationally and those who have focused on the Australian context, this essay positions the arguments made by the authors in this special issue. Via a short case-study of TED, the conference and online idea-spreading phenomenon, it argues that the contemporary moment is producing and privileging a different constellation of experts as celebrities that match the exigencies of online attention economy. A shifted conception of the public intellectual is beginning to take shape that is differently constituted, used and situated, and this article helps to define the parameters for further discussion of these transformations.