bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The B2B Market Place
Authors: Mangalaraj George , Amaravadi Chandra S.
Published: March 2016

In the E-commerce literature different types of Electronic Marketplace (EM) strategies have been articulated. EM strategies vary from public exchanges to private extranets and from auction sites to sites providing just information. This article builds on the earlier work of the authors in classifying the B2B e-marketplace strategies into five dominant strategies using two dimensions: relationship and product's level of value addition. In this chapter authors further extend the strategies to incorporate findings from recent research in terms of the B2B e-marketplace classifications and also on the individual strategies outlined earlier. We present illustrative examples that reflect recent developments in the B2B e-marketplace arena.
Consumer Behaviors and Contemporary Attitudes in Luxury Markets
Authors: Ferrer Gemma García
Published: March 2016

This chapter analyzes the differences in consumer behavior and attitudes towards Luxury Goods. The established bond of the consumer with the luxury brand, as derived from a psychological process, is strong, and characterized by the emotional. The Luxury Brand is a symbol of personal and social identity, it expresses the individual's personality and lifestyle, strengthens the projection of self-image, status and self-concept. This chapter will analyze the buying decision process, customer retention and loyalty. The chapter will study the role of envy in the buying decision process of Luxury Goods, within a context of social comparison. As well as advertising messages and their strategies (of which envy is commonly used). The personality of the Luxury Retail Store will be analyzed. It will review the most important scientific contributions paying special attention to research done in the field of Neuromarketing and Neurobiology of Beauty.
The Relative Importance of the Different Relationship Platforms (Physical and Virtual) in the Consumer Experience of Luxury Brands
Authors: Peretti Paola , Sawhney Mohanbir
Published: March 2016

Managing luxury brands nowadays is complex (Wiedmann & Hennigs, 2012). On the one hand, luxury brands built their development through a strategic use of physical relationship platforms, making the customer experience inside points of sale an indispensable element for their growth. On the other hand, over the past 10 years, we have seen leading global luxury brands embrace virtual platforms in various ways to re-imagining consumer experiences. Blending these new elements can present challenges. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the relative importance of the different relationship platforms (physical and virtual) in the consumer experience of luxury brands and how has it changed. Results are able on the one hand to expand the theory of luxury branding and on the other hand to highlight some key implications for luxury brand managers.
Strategies for Luxury Fashion Brands' Targeting the Young Audience
Authors: Moreno-Gavara Carmen , Jiménez-Zarco Ana
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to analyse luxury fashion brands' interactions with consumers, especially on social media. In this sense, we firstly propose a hypothesis relative to how luxury fashion brands can use celebrities (in general, and particularly music and TV idols) and social media to influence on young consumer behaviour. Lately, we try to response this question through a case study based on one of the most South Korean luxury fashion brands. Using members of social media has been a constant in brand strategy. Especially when targeting the young audience. They big consumers and fans of music and audio-visual entertainment products, show a high level of loyalty. This leads them to copy the behaviour and consumption of the same products and brands of their idols. They are big users of social media and the Internet, where they express their feelings, experiences and opinions about their music idols as well as the brands and products they use. This being the case, technology offers empowerment to young people. This allows them not only access to more information but allows the possibility to create their own new content. Thus both roles are important regarding branding. We can use the example of how Korean luxury fashion brands and how they use young music idols to establish a strong emotional relationship with their consumers. They do this by increasing their participation and involvement with their brands in social networks.
Emphasizing Instructor Presence in Digital Learning Environments
Authors: Afolabi Rachael Olubukola
Published: March 2016

The role of the instructor in any learning environment is a good motivator for students. It is important to understand how the instructor's position can be viewed in the online learning environment. The principal role of the instructor in any learning environment is to assist students in making connections and identifying significance through an educational process. This chapter, examined from an instructional designer and instructor's point of view, sets out to explore the effectiveness of the online teaching presence as an adequate investment of time for the student's benefit.
Interactivity and Immediacy in Online Academic Programs
Authors: Shambaugh Neal
Published: March 2016

Attention to the quality issues of distance education in higher education has focused primarily on courses. Entire academic programs are now delivered online, and faculty members must spend a significant amount of resources in addressing curricular-issues of online programs, as opposed to pedagogical issues for the courses they teach. Priorities for instructor interactivity and immediacy can become explicit goals for all learning experiences in academic programs. This chapter is organized in three parts: (1) the value of using interactivity/immediacy in the design of extended learning academic programs, (2) instructional design best practices for developing interactivity and immediacy in online academic programs, and (3) recommendations for different level of academic programs, including undergraduate, master's, doctoral, and specialized programs, including teacher education, certificates, and professional development.
Synchronous and Asynchronous Tools Optimizing Online Learning in the English-Speaking Caribbean
Authors: Stewart Paulette
Published: March 2016

This chapter examines the effectiveness of asynchronous and synchronous tools used in the online education program at The University of the West Indies Open Campus which is located in the English-speaking Caribbean. The students are adults who are self-directed, goal-oriented and self-motivated learners and are used to the face-to-face mode of delivery. Developers of online programs have applied these learner characteristics to online learning to facilitate students' success. At first, asynchronous tools such as forums were used to deliver online education at The UWI, Open Campus, but in recent time synchronous tools such as Blackboard Collaborate has emerged and has revolutionized online learning in that they provide more scope for e-tutor and student engagement and teacher immediacy. The blend of both synchronous and asynchronous tools has changed e-tutors' pedagogical practices, and enhanced learning.
Instructional Strategies for Synchronous Components of Online Courses
Authors: Marquart Matthea , Fleming Michael , Rosenthal Sam A. , Hibbert Melanie
Published: March 2016

An effective means of achieving a high degree of interactivity and instructor immediacy in an online course is through the use of synchronous online webinars, herein referred to as live sessions. This chapter outlines the philosophy, techniques, and affordances contained within the School of Professional Studies (SPS) at Columbia University's model for online course support. Of paramount importance to the SPS model is a strong technical support system and a series of replicable class procedures and processes that draw on the strengths of SPS's webinar interfaces and support personnel and on the academic prowess of SPS's instructors. This chapter serves as a practical toolkit of strategies and best practices, with wide potential for implementation, regardless of program size or budget. The authors discuss SPS's model and technologies, some common issues and solutions, and SPS's overarching philosophy. Finally, this chapter offers alternatives for schools with differing needs or constraints, with the core goal of increasing instructor immediacy and fostering student interactivity.
Macromedia Director-MX Lessons Development (MAD-LED) Model
Authors: Mbale Jameson , Wadhwa Manish
Published: March 2016

Dissemination of teaching-learning information through online and distance-learning methods can only be effective if the materials are interactively presented among all the stakeholders, that is, the teacher, the learner, and the content itself. The content being used need to dynamically respond according to the prevailing learning circumstances that may demand the interactivity involving text, video, audio, graphics, and animation in a real-time environment. Based on this premise, Macromedia Director-MX Lessons Development system, abbreviated in this work as MAD-LED Model, was envisaged. The MAD-LED Model utilises the combination of nonverbal immediacy and multimedia Macromedia Director-MX technologies. The situational variable of teacher nonverbal immediacy is associated with student's motivation to study and is thus essential for effective classroom instruction. The multimedia Macromedia Director-MX tools such as cast, stage, score, and control panel are used to design and develop animation utilising the text, video, audio, and graphics.
Developing and testing an m-Learning tool to facilitate guided-informal learning in agriculture
Authors: Dissanayeke Uvasara , Hewagamage K. P. , Ramberg Robert , Wikramanayake Gihan
Published: March 2016

Constructivism learning theory emphasizes the importance of collaborations in creating a shared understanding. In the given study, collaborations facilitated on a mobile SMS based Twitter platform as an effort to design mobile-based guided-informal learning. The objectives of the study were i) designing m-learning contents for Twitter, ii) facilitating collaborative m-Learning, and iii) testing effectiveness of mLearning tool. A mobile learning approach (mLA) was designed in collaboration with users, following design-based research theories. Data were collected using participatory methods, questionnaires, and logged data in the mLA. Descriptive methods, network analysis methods and mean comparisons used in the data analysis. Members of a young farmer club in Kandy, Sri Lanka participated in the research process for two years.Pedagogical tools, such as lessons, interactions, assessments and feedback, designed to match with Twitter functionalities and features. Participation in the mLA has improved knowledge in learners, and has created collaborative learning opportunities. Learners were generally satisfied with mLA as a guided-informal learning tool. The drawbacks were mainly due to technical problems, and limitations in the SMS based platform, which has limited opportunities to acquire higher order learning skills. Future implementations of the mLA model need to focus on designing mobile based applications for Smartphones in creating more collaborative and interactive learning spaces.
О гомотопическом строении компактных комплексных однородных многообразий
Authors: Gorbatsevich Vladimir Vitalyevich
Published: March 2016

Изучаются компактные комплексные однородные многообразия, причем рассмотрение ведется с точностью до конечнолистного накрытия. Даны достаточные условия гомотопической тривиальности натурального расслоения для таких многообразий. В случае дискретной стационарной подгруппы эта тривиальность имеет место всегда.
Библиография: 14 наименований.
Эквивариантная $K$-теория регулярных компактификаций: дальнейшее развитие
Authors: Uma V
Published: March 2016

Описано $\widetilde G\times \widetilde G$-эквивариантное $K$-кольцо пространства $X$, где $\widetilde G$ - факториальное накрытие связной комплексной редуктивной алгебраической группы $G$, а $X$ - регулярная компактификация группы $G$. С помощью этого описания $K_{\widetilde G\times\widetilde G}(X)$ дано описание обычного $K$-кольца $K(X)$ как свободного модуля (ранг которого равен мощности группы Вейля) над $K$-кольцом торического расслоения над $G/B$ со слоем, равным торическому многообразию $\overline{T}^{+}$, ассоциированному с гладким разбиением положительной камеры Вейля. Это
обобщает наши предыдущие результаты о чудесных компактификациях (см. [1]). Дано также явное представление $K_{\widetilde G\times\widetilde G}(X)$ и $K(X)$ как алгебр над
$K_{\widetilde G\times\widetilde G}(\overline{G_{\operatorname{ad}}})$ и $K(\overline{G_{\operatorname{ad}}})$ соответственно, где $\overline{G_{\operatorname{ad}}}$ - чудесная компактификация присоединенной
полупростой группы $G_{\operatorname{ad}}$. В случае, когда $X$ является регулярной компактификацией $G_{\operatorname{ad}}$, получена геометрическая интерпретация этих представлений в терминах эквивариантного и обычного колец Гротендика некоторого канонического торического расслоения
над $\overline{G_{\operatorname{ad}}}$.
Библиография: 20 наименований.
О производных унимодулярных многочленов
Authors: Nevai Paul , Erdélyi Tamás
Published: March 2016

Пусть $D$ - открытый единичный круг в комплексной плоскости, $\partial{D}$ - его граница. В работе рассматривается класс ${\mathscr P}_n^c$ всех алгебраических многочленов степени не выше $n$ с комплексными
коэффициентами. Для $\lambda \geqslant 0$ положим
$$
{\mathscr K}_n^\lambda \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}
\{P_n: P_n(z) = \sum_{k=0}^n{a_k k^\lambda z^k},
a_k \in {\mathbb C}, |a_k| = 1 \} \subset {\mathscr P}_n^c.
$$
Класс ${\mathscr K}_n^0$ называют классом всех (комплексных) унимодулярных многочленов степени $n$.
Пусть $(\varepsilon_n)$ - последовательность положительных чисел, стремящаяся к $0$.
Последовательность $(P_n)$ многочленов $P_n \in {\mathscr K}_n^\lambda$ является
$\{\lambda, (\varepsilon_n)\}$-ультраплоской, если
$$
(1 - \varepsilon_n)\frac{n^{\lambda+ 1/2}}{\sqrt{2\lambda +1}} \leqslant |P_n(z)|
\leqslant (1 + \varepsilon_n)\frac{n^{\lambda +1/2}}{\sqrt{2\lambda +1}},
\qquad z \in \partial{D},
\quad n \in {\mathbb N}_0.
$$
Несмотря на то, что в общем случае неизвестен ответ на вопрос о существовании
$\{\lambda, (\varepsilon_n)\}$-ультраплоской последовательности многочленов $P_n \in {\mathscr K}_n^\lambda$
для каждого $\lambda > 0$, мы устанавливаем ряд новых интересных свойств таких последовательностей.
Используя эти свойства, мы показываем, что не существует таких последовательностей $(P_n)$
сопряженно-возвратных, возвратных или косовозвратных унимодулярных многочленов
$P_n \in {\mathscr K}_n^0$, для которых последовательность многочленов $(Q_n)$, где $Q_n(z) \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=} zP_n'(z)+1$, является
$\{1, (\varepsilon_n)\}$-ультраплоской.
Библиография: 18 названий.
О всюду плотной обмотке 2-мерного тора
Authors: Kiselev Denis Dmitrievich
Published: March 2016

В решении некоторого класса задач оптимального управления важную роль играет многочлен
специального вида степени $2(n-1)$ с целыми коэффициентами. Линейная независимость набора из $k$ специальных корней этого многочлена над полем $\mathbb{Q}$ влечет существование решения исходной задачи с оптимальным управлением в виде всюду плотной обмотки $k$-мерного клиффордова тора, проходимой за конечное время. В работе показано, что для всех натуральных $n>3$ в качестве $k$ можно выбрать $2$.
Библиография: 6 названий.
Applying Intersubjectivity for Professional Development
Authors: Janecek Uvaldina Montoya , Moss Glenda , Graham Yolanda , Mason Paula
Published: March 2016

This is an intersubjective review of Loewen, G. V. (2012). Hermeneutic Pedagogy: Teaching and learning as dialogue and interpretation. Alcoa, TN, USA. Old Moon Academic Press. The four authors of the review used a reflective-reflexive, dialogic process to interpret and analyze Loewen’s text. Their review is presented in a dialogue format that resulted after analyzing a much longer set of narrative data.[1][1] Editorial Note: This is a very unusual review! There are four points of interest that make this review an interesting read. The first one concerns the subject of the review: the book on hermeneutics. The second point is the form of the review: it is dialogue between the authors presented in its development. The third point of interest is the personal nature of the contents: the authors masterly show how their work on the review of the book penetrates their lives thus showing the real life with its changes, happiness, sadness, struggles and tribulations. The last point of interest that makes this review worth to be read  is the pioneering character of the work behind this review. Glenda Moss used this review as a tool for professional development for the colleagues in her department. In my humble opinion, this review is the result of the very courageous, pioneering and inspirational work! (Mikhail Gradovski)
PREVALÊNCIA DA INFECÇÃO PELO PARVOVÍRUS B-19 EM MULHERES COM IDADE FÉRTIL NO MUNICÍPIO DE GOIÂNIA
Authors: Luiz Ferreira Rios Washington , Leão De Moraes Carolina , Cruz e Melo Natália , das Dores De Paula Cardoso Divina , De Castro Ana Maria , Martins Avelino Mariza
Published: March 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de anticorpos das classes IgG e IgM específicos contra o parvovírus B19 (PB19) em mulheres com idade fértil no município de Goiânia, Goiás. Foram avaliadas 101 mulheres saudáveis, atendidas em serviços públicos de saúde, no período de 1998 a 1999. As mulheres foram avaliadas sob vários aspectos (econômico, social, cultural, faixa etária e estado civil). Para pesquisa de anticorpos das classes IgG e IgM, foi utilizada a metodologia de ELISA. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo Teste Qui-Quadrado (X2 ), sendo adotado o valor de p<0,05. Os resultados mostraram uma população jovem, carente, habitante de casas precárias, com baixo nível de escolaridade, saneamento básico regular e atendimento pré-natal regular. Foi detectada a prevalência total (infecção passada e infecção aguda) por PB19 de 34,6%. A prevalência de anticorpos da classe IgM foi de 26,7% e 25,9% dessas mulheres estavam gestantes, o que é considerado fator de risco para a transmissão vertical do PB19. Anticorpos da classe IgG foram encontrados em 8,9% das mulheres, sugerindo a presença de infecção prévia pelo PB19. Os achados demonstraram que, em Goiânia, 63,4% das mulheres em idade fértil são vulneráveis à infecção pelo vírus PB19. Este percentual indica um número importante de mulheres susceptíveis à virose e com risco aumentado de exporem seus fetos ao vírus.
TUBERCULOSE LATENTE EM INDIVÍDUOS DE UMA UNIDADE PRISIONAL DO CENTRO OESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Costa-Junior Abadio Oliveira , Rodrigues Da Silva Júnior José Laerte , Castro Da Costa Adeliane , Kipnis André , Rabahi Marcelo Fouad , Junqueira-Kipnis Ana Paula , de pesquisa em tuberculose Do Sistema Penitenciário Comitê
Published: March 2016

A tuberculose (TB) é a segunda principal causa de morte por doença infecciosa em todo o mundo e constitui um contínuo problema de saúde global. A ocorrência da TB ativa em indivíduos privados de liberdade (PL) é superior aos níveis médios relatados para a população geral. A descoberta tardia dos casos de TB, associada ao atraso no tratamento, agrava o problema da TB nas penitenciárias. Embora estas instituições sejam fechadas, a movimentação de prisioneiros entre diferentes ambientes da prisão, unidades prisionais ou instituições como tribunais transforma estes locais em verdadeiros reservatórios da TB. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer a triagem de voluntários PL para submetê-los à prova tuberculínica (PT). Os resultados desta primeira avaliação da PT em uma unidade prisional de Goiás evidenciaram positividade em 50,3% dos homens e 38,1% das mulheres. O acompanhamento dos dados destes indivíduos revelou que após um ano do recrutamento, 1,7% (n=9) dos voluntários apresentaram TB, dos quais quatro indivíduos pertenciam à mesma ala da unidade prisional masculina. A elevada taxa de infecção e adoecimento reforça a necessidade urgente de novas estratégias de identificação da TB latente, bem como de busca ativa nesta população.
Human Resource Policies and Practices: Evaluating and Reviewing the Contemporary Recruiting Process
Authors: Onnekikami Eluojor A. , Okpala Paul C.
Published: March 2016

The main purpose of this article is to have an overview of Human Resource (HR) policies and practices, especially as it relates to the contemporary and evolutional process of talent recruitment. The article encompasses an overview of HR general policies and practices including the selection process, applications, background checks, substantive selection, interviews; the contingent selection process and what to do after the job offer. In short, organizations are decreasing the use of external recruiting companies or agencies and are now often counting on their own HR professionals for talent search. For instance, internal HR professionals are now utilizing different online tools such as job boards, LinkedIn and social media to discover ideal job candidates and these popular platforms have proven invaluable in the modern recruiting process.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 8, No. 2
Authors: Green Lily
Published: March 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2016
The Quantization and Renormalization of Gravitational Field
Authors: Liang Bin
Published: March 2016

This paper analyses the root cause why there is not any self-consistent quantization scheme of gravity yet from Einstein's theory of gravity, proves the gravitational field is a gauge field and gives the quantization and renormalization scheme of the gravitational field.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 8, No. 2
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: March 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2016
Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Materials Science Research, Vol. 5, No. 2
Authors: Green Lily
Published: March 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Materials Science Research, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2016
Determining the Directionally-Dependent Effective Hydrogen Diffusivity of High Strength Steel Strand
Authors: Fernandez Joseph R.
Published: March 2016

An important factor in the Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) of cold-worked carbon steel strand is the effective hydrogen diffusivity of the strand material. The speed at which HE can occur is determined by the transport of the hydrogen to locations of stress concentrations. A Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) was used to measure the flattened surface of strand wires before and after being charged with hydrogen to determine a relationship between the delta work function measured (and indirectly the potential of the specimen) and the presence of hydrogen near the surface of that area of the specimen. Numerous scans were performed to determine a change in delta work function between the probe and the specimen. This change in delta work function was related to the presence of hydrogen at the specimen surface over time, giving a rate of hydrogen movement within a specific area of the specimen (both in the radial and drawn directions). The change in delta work function over time was then related to the diffusion of hydrogen over time in a given area resulting in a directional effective diffusivity of hydrogen through the strand which includes the effects of hydrogen trapping and method of hydrogen transport.

The results indicate that the effective or apparent hydrogen diffusivity in the drawn direction in pearlitic, cold worked, carbon steel strand is 5.24E-08 cm2/sec. The effective hydrogen diffusivity in the radial direction was faster (3.56E-07 cm2/sec) as compared to the wire drawn direction.
Kinds of Physical Subtraction in Islamic Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
Authors: Khalaphi Ali , Roshan Mohammad , Taghizadeh Ebrahim
Published: March 2016

It must be said that the family foundation is based on agreement, dedication, recognition of others rights and to respect them, observing the principle of sacrifice and patience in adversity. If a couple could not compromise with each other, regardless of its reason, this important foundation will be decomposed and agreement in family will strengthen the power of family. By provocation of differences, family will lose its function and disagreements will show up that may lead to divorce. In Iran legal system, the only foundation that can be said has similarities with physical separation, is the foundation of ‘Uddah’ after revocable divorce. In the period of said ‘Uddah’, the couple has some responsibilities of marriage, but there is no force of coexistence and coition. Special docility with meaning of responding to sexual needs of couple is not among the joint task.
Future Studies of Virtual State Formation in Iran and Its Effect on the Promotion of Global Peace Index (the Outlook of 1404)
Authors: Sajjadi Mandana
Published: March 2016

In this study, it has been attempted to investigate the feasible and desirable futures regarding the possibility of virtualization of Islamic Republic of Iran’s state and its effect on the promotion of Global Peace Index (GPI) using trend analysis technique, Delphi surveys and scenario building .Therefore, according to the documents such as perspective and development documents, the outlook of 1404 SH has been considered as a time period of desirable future formation. The writer believes that the formation of virtual state in Iran through decreasing structural violence in society leads to the promotion of GPI. In fact, the dynamics of new global arrangements that have been derived from the technological innovations and socioeconomic adjustments of international relations actors with agencies and global markets, have led to the formation of a new pattern for the conceptualization of states’s evolving nature, that in turn, can increase the possibility of positive peace elements through decreasing the level of structural violence in society. In order to confirm this assumption, seven key deriving forces of virtual states have been chosen referring the systematic theory of virtual state by Richard rosecranace and combining it with Galtung’s positive peace theory and their evolution has been investigated since writing the outlook documents. On the next step, four main scenarios were formed in response to the probability of virtual state formation around two axes of states’ commitments to pursue open economic policies and sanctions lifting as two independent variables. Finally, all four scenarios were evaluated using Delphi surveys of elites and one scenario was chosen as the probable future.
Study on English and French Law
Authors: Aryan Shahram , Mirabbasi Bagher
Published: March 2016

Accepting the principle of good faith in the pre-contractual period entails certain consequences. Observing this principle would require that the parties cooperate and exchange information by exhibiting utmost honesty, transparency, and seriousness in their preliminary talks towards achieving their mutual goals; and that each party, while respecting the information confidentiality of the other party and refusing to enter into parallel negotiations, shall respect the other party’s interests. The principle of good faith is not explicitly recognized as a general rule in Iran’s statutes. Although the necessity of observing the principle of good faith in all laws and obligations in all instances including the pre-contractual period can be proved using the principle of induction from the criteria stipulated in Article 8, Iran’s Law of Civil Liability (i.e., Law of Torts) as well as other current Iranian regulations, this method would not convince the legal Iranian community to accept the principle of good faith as a general rule. Therefore, social and economic imperatives would necessitate that the principle of good faith should be recognized explicitly in the Iranian statutes.
Limitation of Individuals’ Rights and Freedoms and Its Principles in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Pour Homa Mahdavi , Ahmadi Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh
Published: March 2016

Constitution as the highest legal and political document in any political community is the regulator of all matters and affairs and specifies moderate relations between authorities. Commitment to the implementation of this important law closes the doors and possibilities of dictatorship and guarantees human dignity and individuals’ sanctity and freedom and facilitates attempting to achieve political and social justice.
Without any doubt the majority of rights and freedoms are not absolute; even there is no relation between fundamentality of rights and its absoluteness. In general view, we can specify that in the constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran, freedom has never become an absolute and non-disciplined issue; but the legislator has decreed some of its restrictions and conditions with respect to the objectives and ideals of humanity and by studying positive and negative achievements of other nations and thereby it has provided necessary internal cohesion and coordination among its components.
This study investigates limitation of individuals’ rights and freedoms and its principles in the constitution of Iran.
Investigating Sexual Rights and Freedoms of Married Women in Terms of Jurists and Contemporary Jurists
Authors: Haeri Mahmoud
Published: March 2016

Family is a safe environment for relaxation of couples. In this safe environment is shaped and nurtured the next generation. Each of these two important functions of the family means satisfy spiritual and emotional needs of couples and raise human generation depends on marital relationships. Islamic law to improve the relationship, for each of the spouses is considered rights and freedoms that by complying them both sides will have the fullest satisfaction of their marriage. As mentioned, these rights are not one-sided and woman has rights in the relationships. Including the right to sleep with a spouse, the right to demand sex from couples, right of liens, and .... In this article we try to investigate some of them in the views of contemporary references.
Analysis of Jurisprudence - Legal of Compulsion and Duress in Adultery
Authors: Haeri Mahmoud
Published: March 2016

Criminal responsibility is communicative ring and bridge of two important institutions of criminal law, crime and punishment and therefore is one of the most important issues of criminal law.
On the other hand, one of the conditions of obligation and criminal responsibilities is authority and freedom of action that a person could be required to preserve and respect for life, property and dignity of the people that in the actions is autonomous and free.
Although our legislator is considered to this issue in discretionary (Tazir) punishments crimes and life retribution explicitly and in the Haddi crimes are pointed to the lack of coercive responsibility, however, coercive criminal responsibility isn't specified in all instances of mentioned crimes, while in the discretionary (Tazir) punishments crimes, coercion is spiritual steward and is responsible for criminal responsibility due to the force committed crime and in the crime led to the death, in some cases crime is attributable to the duress, in the crimes included Hadd, coercing isn't considered spiritual steward.
In this paper, the mentioned issue is discussed in terms of legal and regulatory concerning the crime of adultery.
The Sustainable Relationship between Navigation of Arctic Passages, Arctic Resources, and the Environment
Authors: Wang Chunjuan , Liu Dahai , Xu Meng , Yu Ying , Li Xiaoxuan , Gao Junguo , Xing Wenxiu
Published: March 2016

The Arctic passages are economically important waterways connecting North America, Western Europe, and East Asia. Global climate change is melting the Arctic sea ice and will improve the navigability of the Arctic passages. The opening of the Arctic route will facilitate the exploration and development of Arctic resources, which can alleviate the energy crisis, but it may ignite a worldwide “Arctic resource war”. Besides, the navigation of the Arctic passages will also burden the Arctic eco-environment and trigger a wave of eco-environmental effects in the Arctic region include exacerbating environmental pollution, threatening survival of life, intensifying climate change, changing local production and lives, even worldwide. On this basis, this study uses a system dynamics analysis of positive and negative effects to review the resource and environmental effects due to opening the Arctic passages and proposes the measures to ensure the resource and environmental sustainability.
Analysis of Linkages between Environmental Policy Instruments and Innovation: A Case Study of End-of-Life Vehicles Technologies in Japan
Authors: Singh Rajeev Kumar , Yabar Helmut , Murakami-Suzuki Rie , Nozaki Noriko , Rakwal Randeep
Published: March 2016

Environmental policies are designed to deal with externalities either by internalizing environmental costs or imposing specific standards for environmental pollution. This study aims to examine the impact of environmental regulations related to End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) on innovation in Japan. We determined whether there is any statistical difference in patent activity comparing the periods before and after the regulations were enacted. In order to control for exogenous factors such as business cycles, we also analyzed the ratios of ELV and total environmental patents during the same periods. Results showed that environmental regulations drive innovations and the number of ELV-related patents were larger even after controlling for such exogenous factors. We concluded that environmental policy for ELV in Japan was effective in inducing innovation. However, we also found that the weakness in these types of command and control policy is the lack of incentives for further innovation.
Body Awareness, Mindfulness and Affect : Does the Kind of Physical Activity Make a Difference?
Authors: Tihanyi Benedek T. , Sági Andrea , Csala Barbara , Tolnai Nóra , Köteles Ferenc
Published: March 2016

The aim of this cross-sectional study is to explore expected differences in the connection between particular physical activities and positive and negative affect, body awareness or mindfulness. Additionally, we describe the so-called tingling phenomenon (i.e. skin-related sensations evoked by focusing on a body part) in terms of prevalence, gender differences and psychological concomitants. A total of 1,057 individuals (331 male; mean age: 30.6 ± 10.17 years) practicing yoga, Pilates training, kung fu, aerobic, or ballroom dance completed our questionnaire. Analysing data of all sports together, weekly frequency of practice, as opposed to time elapsed since starting practice, was connected to lower levels of negative affect and somatosensory amplification, and to higher levels of positive affect. Advanced yoga and Pilates participants showed higher body awareness; advanced kung fu participants amplified bodily signals the least, and aerobic was related to the highest positive affect. Among beginners, there were no practically relevant differences in the assessed constructs. These results might help to clarify the common and different psychological properties that are needed for and/or can be developed by different sports.
Determinants of Self-Rated Health and Self-Rated Physical Fitness in Middle and Old Age
Authors: Kuosmanen Kimmo , Rovio Suvi , Kulmala Jenni , Kivipelto Miia , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Nissinen Aulikki
Published: March 2016

Self-rated health (SRH) correlates with psychological factors, mortality and functional capacity. Self-rated physical fitness (SRF) has been examined less, and the relationship between SRH and SRF is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the determinants, differences and similarities of these concepts in middle and old age. In total, 2,000 persons at the mean age of 50.6 years were examined at baseline, and 1,449 were re-examined when they were aged between 65–79 years. On both occasions, the participants underwent a comprehensive clinical examination and health status/habit assessment. We found a strong correlation between SRH and SRF. In midlife, low income, hopelessness, active use of healthcare services, physical inactivity, angina pectoris, arthropathy and elevated blood pressure were associated with both poor SRH and SRF. In old age, high income, alcohol abstinence, physical inactivity, hopelessness, difficulties in activities of daily living, angina pectoris, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and musculoskeletal disease of the back, and (in men) urinary tract infection were associated with poor SRH and SRF. Income, hopelessness, physical inactivity and angina pectoris correlated with both instruments in both age groups. A wider range of variables was associated with SRH than with SRF. The determinants of SRH and SRF were relatively similar in the younger and older age groups. However, SRH appeared to be a more multi-dimensional instrument than SRF. SRH and SRF are considered reliable indicators of mental and physical health status, and should be accorded more importance when evaluating health among middle-aged and older people.
Validation of the ANSR®E. coli O157:H7 Method for Detection of E. coli O157:H7
Authors: Viator Ryan , Alles Susan , Le Quynh-Nhi , Hosking Edan , Meister Evan , Pinkava Lisa , Tovar Eric , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer
Published: March 2016

A performance validation of the ANSR® for E. coli O157:H7 method was conducted in selected food matrixes. This assay uses selective nicking enzyme amplification technology to amplify target genes. Samples are enriched for 12–24 h and then lysed. The assay is completed within 40 min using real-time detection in a combination incubator/fluorescence detector and software. When 44 distinct strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and 6 strains of E. coli O157:NM were tested for inclusivity, all 50 strains produced positive results. In exclusivity testing, 57 strains representing 33 species of closely related Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, including 11 non-H7 O157 strains and shiga toxin-producing E. coli other than O157:H7, were evaluated. All 57 nontarget strains generated negative ANSR assay results. Using 80% lean ground beef and beef trim (approximately 20% fat), ANSR method performance was compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook reference culture procedure. ANSR performance with baby spinach and sprout irrigation water was measured against the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference method. ANSR method performance was not statistically different to that of the reference methods using two different enrichment options. For ground beef and beef trim, the standard enrichment in modified Tryptone Soya Broth can be analyzed using the ANSR assay with a 1:10 dilution of the enrichment in phosphate-buffered saline and produces equivalent results to the reference method. Additionally, in most matrixes tested (exception is spinach which required 24 h enrichment) the assay offers great efficiency and flexibility over the reference method with a 12–24 h single-step enrichment. Equivalent results were observed at both time points (12 and 24 h) to reference methods. Small changes to the assay parameters minimally affected ANSR method performance. Finally, accelerated stability results from three independently manufactured lots support a shelf-life of 6 months when stored at 4°C.
Cura religiosa, questões de crença e os limites da pesquisa
Authors: Tavares Fátima Regina Gomes
Published: March 2016

Neste texto apresento algumas ideias sobre como pesquisar as curas religiosas por meio da crítica aos conceitos de “crença” e “eficácia simbólica”. Para isso, apresento inicialmente breve panorama do imbricamento entre cura e religião no campo religioso brasileiro, indicando a vitalidade dessa relação no contexto contemporâneo, seguido da narrativa de dois episódios de cura nos quais estive pessoalmente implicada. Ao final, argumento que contrariamente ao que o conceito de crença poderia sugerir, a eficácia terapêutica não configura um “discurso sobre” a intervenção nos corpos e no mundo e sim sobre as condições práticas de mobilização da verdade. O conceito de crença não configura um bom instrumento para a compreensão da diversidade de mediadores implicados dos agenciamentos da cura, nem tampouco nos habilita a compreender os meandros da eficácia terapêutico-religiosa. Na antropologia, crítica similar também vem sendo feita ao conceito de eficácia simbólica como uma ferramenta conceitual para compreender transformações não apenas das “almas”, mas também dos corpos.
Compreensões sobre o momento contemporâneo da saída da religião e sobre a condição atual da laicidade
Authors: Lott Henrique Marques
Published: March 2016

 Esta comunicação é fruto de três entrevistas realizadas em Paris, entre os meses de outubro e novembro de 2015. Os entrevistados foram: o filósofo Marcel Gauchet, diretor de estudos junto à École des Hautes Études EHESS; o cientista político e historiador das laicidades, Philippe Portier, diretor de estudos junto à École Pratique des Hautes Ètudes EPHE Paris-Sorbonne; e o historiador Didier Da Silva, professor de história das ideias no Institut Catholique de Paris. O objetivo buscado no âmbito destas entrevistas está relacionado com a compreensão de uma perspectiva atual da saída da religião no pensamento de Gauchet, tema de minha pesquisa pós-doutoral junto à PUC Minas de Belo Horizonte e junto ao Programa Nacional de Pós-doutorado PNPD da Capes. As reflexões que conduziram as análises propostas neste texto estão pautadas pelo esforço compreensivo de algumas das características do fenômeno religioso no contexto contemporâneo. O que se indagou e se definiu este esforço compreensivo, são as reconfigurações que marcam o cenário atual das relações entre política e religião e que, por sua vez, delimitam as permeabilidades e os limites do espectro geral dessas mesmas relações. Além disso, de modo mais particular, apresenta-se aqui algumas reflexões sobre a condição de laicidade e de saída da religião no contexto brasileiro.

 
Ciência, religião e saúde
Authors: Marques Luciana Fernandes
Published: March 2016

Ciência, religião e saúde

Editorial v 14, n 41, jan./mar. 2016
Introduction: Researching online worlds: challenging media and communication studies
Authors: Sandvik Kjetil
Published: March 2016

Digital media and network communication technology have not changed this setup, but rather have opened the possibility for encountering and experiencing additional types of worlds and performing additional types of spatial practices. Being situated online and being globally networked with the possibility of both synchronous and asynchronous communication, digitally mediated worlds provide possible interactions between users which are radically more independent of time and place than the ones facilitated by older media. From this perspective, the concept of online worlds both challenges and broadens our understanding of how media shape the world and how the media technology creates new social structures.
‘Felix progenies Constantini Aug’: alcune osservazioni intorno a RIC VII, Treviri, 442
Authors: Filippini Erica
Published: March 2016

This paper aims to provide a different identification of the figures represented on the

reverse of a gold multiple from the mint of Trier, struck in the name of Crispus in AD 324, usually interpreted as showing the empress Fausta flanked by the two elder sons of emperor Constantine, Crispus (son of Minervina, a concubine or the first wife of Constantine I) and Constantine II (born from Fausta, the emperor’s second wife). However, in order to assert and consolidate the dynastic succession of the line of descent from Fausta, the reverse type of this two-solidi piece seems to be referable, in a more convincing way, to the representation of the empress between her two sons Constantine II and Constantius II, the latter raised to the rank of Caesar at the end of November 324, when also the title of

was probably conferred on Fausta.
Initial Report on the Use of In-Office Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Early Diagnosis of Osteomyelitis in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Shih Chia-Ding , Bazarov Irina , Harrington Tara , Vartivarian Mher , Reyzelman Alexander M.
Published: March 2016

Osteomyelitis is one of the most feared sequelae of diabetic foot ulceration, which often leads to lower-extremity amputation and disability. Early diagnosis of osteomyelitis increases the likelihood of successful treatment and may limit the amount of bone resected, preserving ambulatory function. Although a variety of techniques exist for imaging the diabetic foot, standard radiography is still the only in-office imaging modality used today. However, radiographs lack sensitivity and specificity, making it difficult to diagnose bone infection at its early stages. In this report, we describe our initial experience with a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)–based device, which may serve as an accurate and readily available tool for early diagnosis of osteomyelitis in a patient with diabetes. Two patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers were evaluated for osteomyelitis using radiography and CBCT. Positive imaging findings were confirmed by bone biopsy. In both patients, CBCT captured early osteolytic changes that were not apparent on radiographs, leading to early surgical intervention and successful treatment. The CBCT was helpful in facilitating detection and early clinical intervention for osteomyelitis in two diabetic patients with foot ulcers. These results are encouraging and warrant future evaluation.
Weil and Dorsal Closing Wedge Osteotomy for Freiberg's Disease
Authors: Lee Hwa-Sung , Kim Yoon-Chung , Choi Jae-Hoon , Chung Jin-Wha
Published: March 2016

Background: Weil osteotomy is a type of distal osteotomy for the treatment of lesser metatarsalgia by shortening the metatarsal length. We applied Weil and dorsal closing wedge osteotomy for the treatment of Freiberg's disease.

Methods: Between September 1, 2006, and December 31, 2011, we performed Weil and dorsal closing wedge osteotomy of the second metatarsal in 15 feet of 15 patients (12 women, three men) diagnosed as having Freiberg's disease. The mean patient age was 29 years (range, 19–51 years), and mean follow-up was 47 months (range, 36–72 months). Postoperative shortening of the metatarsal length was measured by comparing preoperative and postoperative radiographs. Visual analog scale scores, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society lesser metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scores, and the passive range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joint were evaluated at 24 months.

Results: The mean postoperative shortening of the metatarsal length was 3.2 mm. The mean visual analog scale and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores were 7.2 and 52.4 points preoperatively and 2.1 and 78.2 points at 24 months, respectively (P < .05). The mean range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joint increased from 29.4° preoperatively to 46.5° postoperatively (P < .05). Various degrees of remodeling were observed at the dorsum of the metatarsal head at 24 months.

Conclusions: Weil and dorsal closing wedge osteotomy of the metatarsal seems to be effective for treating Freiberg's disease. It improves pain and function in terms of shortening the metatarsal length and restoring the metatarsophalangeal joint.