bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REORGANIZATION OF LIBRARIES
Authors: ASHWORTH WILFRED
Published: February 2008

There can be few libraries where the need for reorganization has not at some time been felt, and it is therefore a subject of very wide interest. The previous paper dealt with the planning of special library buildings, with their equipment, and administration—the present paper will deal with reorganization as applied to the stock of a library, and with the more usual aspects of that type of reorganization, namely recataloguing and reclassification. As would be expected, a fair amount has been written about the problem. Unfortunately, it is a matter in which so much depends on local conditions, on the scale of the operations, on what has gone before and what is to follow, and on the resources available, that it is difficult to give comprehensive practical advice. Most of the literature is therefore confined to generalities, and many of these, though arrived at by investigation of reorganization in a large number of libraries, might equally well have been reached by the use of common sense. This particular attribute has always had a very high value in special librarianship, and if, at the end, you are able to dismiss this paper as ‘just common sense’, then I shall feel that it has been a most useful contribution to the problem!
THE ATTITUDE OF THE RESEARCH WORKER TO TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Authors: WEINBERG S.
Published: February 2008

In the summer of 1948 the Royal Society held a Scientific Information Conference which issued a lengthy report. This was discussed about a year later in a lecture by Professor Egerton to the Royal Society of Arts. His opening remarks were intended to startle the audience and were roughly along the following lines. The present rate of publication of scientific papers is approximately one million per annum, a number which is increasing. By far the biggest proportion of these, possibly up to 90 per cent., have little value other than to publicize the fact of their author's existence, since there is far too common a habit of rushing into print before experience has mellowed what might be an arbitrary or immature opinion. It is probable that not even 1 per cent. will have any value or be studied, say, ten years from their date of publication, and the effect of this welter of paper is that those who have to file or classify the information, and who are not in a position to decide the value of each paper, are, to a great extent, wasting their time.
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIAL INFORMATION SERVICES
Authors: RAINE A.H.
Published: February 2008

I should begin with a personal note. My interests have always been in connexion with chemistry and chemical industry. Consequently, any illustrations or references to the literature will have a bias towards chemistry, but I believe that any conclusions will be applicable, mutatis mutandis, to other industries.
HOW TO CHOOSE A CLASSIFICATION FOR YOUR SPECIAL LIBRARY
Authors: WELLS A.J.
Published: February 2008

I gather that this paper was given its somewhat pretentious title in an endeavour to emphasize the practical approach which it was hoped I should bring to this subject this evening. How far I shall be able to live up to this hope I hesitate to say. I realize that the arrangement of information in your libraries presents a very practical problem and that it is very much of a practical issue with you what form of arrangement you shall choose for your catalogues and materials. Some of you, I believe, have not solved the problem at all and others of you are dis‐satisfied with the solution which you have found. Only a very few enviable geniuses have found the complete solution to their own particular problems.
THE RESOURCES OF THE LEEDS PUBLIC LIBRARIES FOR THE STUDY OF COMMERCE, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: HARGREAVES E.
Published: February 2008

There may be some surprise occasioned by the fact that a reference librarian, whose primary interests are not either technical or commercial, should be speaking to a body of people whose professional activities are generally in these particular fields. But there may be good reasons why the non‐specialist should seek to describe the services available for the specialist. It may serve to emphasize the fact that, in a way, knowledge is indivisible—no fact can exist in a vacuum.
THE FACILITIES OF THE LEEDS UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES FOR THE STUDY OF TECHNOLOGY
Authors: PAGE B.S.
Published: February 2008

The facilities of a library are, I presume, the collections themselves and the services offered by the library administration in the use of those collections by readers. The most satisfactory way of assessing the value of a library collection is to use it for the purpose for which it is intended, though an expert librarian or an expert reader can form an approximate judgment if he knows the size, scope and highlights of the collection. I do not know whether I can bring you even to an approximate judgment, since the field I shall have to cover is wide and I must not burden you with long lists of materials in subjects in which not all of you will be equally interested; I am also aware that, while you are specialists in one or more of the subjects to which I shall refer, I am merely a general librarian and only too liable to fail from lack of knowledge. As for the services, they, in a general university library, are roughly the same for the technological student as for all other students, and, therefore, it is these services which I must endeavour to describe to you as briefly as I can. I will do this first, and reverse the genetic order.
THE TECHNICAL LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICE OF THE ENGINEER‐IN‐CHIEF'S DEPARTMENT, ADMIRALTY, BATH
Authors: DODGE BASIL C.
Published: February 2008

The function of a technical library, or, to be more accurate, a technical information centre, is to assemble a stock pertinent to the organization it serves and to catalogue it for use.
A SURVEY OF ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Authors: Carter Edward J.
Published: February 2008

Although it will be natural for me, as a Unesco official, to talk of national and international bibliography with a special reference to the role which Unesco is playing in the development of bibliographical services, I do not propose to stress Unesco's work as if it had validity in itself, but rather to look at national and international activities from the somewhat favourable viewpoint of a person in Unesco whose duty it is to see the world picture as a whole and to contribute to the clarity of the picture by fulfilling certain planning functions. It has constantly been stated in our programmes that Unesco's role consists chiefly in stimulating, promoting and co‐ordinating activities, but in order to do these things well we have occasionally found it necessary to enter into the active field of bibliographical production ourselves. Where we do so, as in the production of Fundamental Education Abstracts, the new Index Bibliographicus and certain other bibliographical guides, it is only because we believe that by efficiently assuming responsibility for production, or for the actual organization of a bibliographical project, we may fulfil our major responsibilities of helping and stimulating national or international organizations to do whatever is necessary themselves. There are, in fact, few tasks which Unesco has undertaken which in other circumstances could not have been undertaken, or previously were not undertaken by independent or national agencies.
THE SUPPLY OF FOREIGN BOOKS AND PERIODICALS TO THE LIBRARIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: PLANT MARJORIE
Published: February 2008

Dr Plant's paper was based on the survey which she made for the University and Research Section of the Library Association, of which the report has already been published by the Library Association. Her main points were as follows:
USE‐DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Authors: TATTERSFIELD C.P.
Published: February 2008

Research to the layman usually implies either search after new abstract knowledge, or knowledge leading to the production of new matter. This, however, is only one aspect of research and there are many others covering all facets of human endeavour. One form of research, only relatively recently appreciated as such, is utilization research or use‐development.
MEMBERS' FORUM THE PUNCHED‐CARD INDEXING EXPERIMENT AT THE LIBRARY OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT, HARWELL
Authors: ASHTHORPE H.D.
Published: February 2008

The library at the newly‐formed Atomic Energy Research Establishment was set up in 1946,1 and from the start it became obvious that a subject index, capable of unlimited expansion, must be compiled for the rapidly accumulating report literature. It was thought that here was an excellent opportunity to try out the rather novel scheme of indexing by means of punched cards. The present paper briefly describes this experiment in indexing and gives the reasons for the discontinuance of the scheme in favour of an orthodox card index.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICES
Authors: NASH P.W.
Published: February 2008

First let me say how privileged I feel at being asked to address an Aslib Conference on the subject of technical information services. Some months ago, the Sondes Place Research Institute prepared a report on this subject, and it was as a result of the publication of that report that I received your Chairman's invitation to give this paper.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INFORMATION IN PRESENT‐DAY INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
Authors: MATTHEW T.U.
Published: February 2008

Before attempting to forecast the future trends and possibilities in the provision of information services for industry it is necessary first of all to consider the characteristics of present‐day industrial society and, secondly, the information needs of the industrial units upon which our present economy is based.
INFORMATION SERVICES OF THE FESTIVAL OF BRITAIN
Authors: TRIGGS J.W.
Published: February 2008

I suppose it is true to say that no class of person in this world has so great a respect for another as the Jack‐of‐all‐trades have for the experts. As one whose entire professional life has been spent in the fields of journalism and publicity, I am clearly a good example of a Jack‐of‐all‐trades and consequently start off this evening with a giant inferiority complex.
INTERNATIONAL U.D.C. DEVELOPMENTS IN 1952
Authors: LLOYD G.A.
Published: February 2008

This F.I.D. restricted conference was, from the point of view of the U.D.C., almost too ambitious in its programme, considering that meetings of the Council and of the experts on building classification were held concurrently throughout the week. Inevitably, the more general topics, such as classification rules (section 1) and notation principles (section 2), received rather scant attention, but the results from many of the U.D.C. special Sub‐committee meetings showed that they had laid an excellent basis for greatly improved work and more rapid development in the future.
STANDARDS IN DOCUMENTATION
Authors: LLOYD G.A.
Published: February 2008

Representatives of the following thirteen countries participated:
INTRODUCTION
Authors: DITMAS E.M.R.
Published: February 2008

The Conference of the Scottish Branch of Aslib was held this year on 27th February at the Mitchell Library, Glasgow, under the Chairmanship of Dr. D. G. Brown. The opening address was given by Sir Andrew McCance, Deputy Chairman and Joint Managing Director of Messrs. Colvilles, Ltd., and is reported in this issue. He was followed by Mr. M. C. Pottinger, Librarian of the Scottish Central Library, who surveyed Scottish resources of scientific and technical literature and information, and by Dr. C. Macrae who described the work of the Scottish Council. Both these papers are given in full. In the afternoon Mr. J. Revie, of the British Jute Trade Research Association, traced the steps by which a small special library could be set up, and Mr. E. N. Simons, of Messrs. Edgar Allen & Co., Ltd., spoke on the writing of English in abstracts and reports. Mr. Revie's paper is included in this issue; that by Mr. Simons was published in the May, 1953, number of Aslib Proceedings.
LIBRARY BULLETINS IN AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL LIBRARIES
Authors: SOUTHERN WALTER A.
Published: February 2008

The regular issuance of a library bulletin is one of the most important services offered by the American industrial library, for it is an excellent means of quickly disseminating newly published information. Library bulletins are as varied in form and style as there are libraries which issue them. In general, there are three types of library bulletins:
METHODS OF HANDLING AND CLASSIFYING TRADE CATALOGUES
Authors: HOOLEY J.D.
Published: February 2008

On appointment as librarian, the author took over 1,500 trade catalogues in addition to the usual library stock. The catalogues had been stored on shelves, loosely inserted in Manila folders, a system which proved hopelessly inefficient. It was necessary to continue to use the shelving but, because of the varying size of the catalogues, box files would be wasteful of space. The existing classification was in alphabetical order according to firms, subdivided by numbers, but failed when a subject approach was needed. Lastly, there was the problem of keeping the catalogue collection up to date. The author asked:
THE WIDE FIELD OF AERONATUICS
Authors: SMITH F.H.
Published: February 2008

Although the job as librarian of the Royal Aeronautical Society is relatively simple, one does have so many different types of client. It would be difficult to find another library in which modern science and history are such close bedfellows. The history of aeronautics seems to fascinate more people than any other subject known to the writer. Hardly a week goes by without an inquiry that involves chasing through dusty volumes of old journals or the standard works of aeronautical history.
The NATIONAL CENTRAL LIBRARY
Authors: GOLDSPINK F.M.
Published: February 2008

The Annual Report for the year 1952/53 noted a milestone in the history of the National Central Library. On 20th June the reconstruction of the Library, which had been largely destroyed in 1941, was celebrated by a formal reopening ceremony, performed by Lord Elgin, and attended by many friends and supporters. The work of the Library could once more proceed without the inconveniences of divided premises and the noise and dust of the previous twenty‐one months.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: DITMAS E.M.R.
Published: February 2008

The papers in this issue of Aslib Proceedings were, for the most part, given at 1954 meetings but two 1953 papers, held over from the preceding issue, are included here. The first is a summary of Miss Littlejohn's talk on information services organized in connection with the Citizens' Advice Bureaux and other activities of the National Council of Social Service, which she gave to the Aslib Winter Meeting on 9th December, 1953. The second is Mr. Barker's ‘Sources of Russian economic information’, which was given at the Midlands Branch meeting at Birmingham on 4th December, 1953, and which is a companion‐piece to Dr. A. L. Mackay's paper printed in the May issue.
The SCIENTIST AS INFORMATION OFFICER
Authors: UVAROV E.B.
Published: February 2008

The author of a paper entitled ‘The Scientist as Information Officer’ might reasonably be expected to define the terms ‘scientist’ and ‘information officer’. The tentative working definitions I will offer are for the sole purpose of limiting the scope of the paper, and I am well aware that they are most unlikely to be universally accepted.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GUIDES FOR TECHNICAL AUTHORS
Authors: BROOKES B.C.
Published: February 2008

This bibliography is not comprehensive; it is restricted to books which are both readily available at the present time, and which, in the experience of the compiler, have been found to offer most practical help to the technical author.
NEW IDEAS AND The SMALL FIRM
Authors: Urquhart D.J.
Published: February 2008

It is good to come to Newcastle to talk about new ideas, for here the practice of using new ideas is as old as Newcastle's new castle. It was near here some four centuries ago that some unknown genius created what may have been the first railway in the world to take trucks of coal to the Tyne. It was here that Sir Humphry Davy came in 1817 to receive tribute in gold plate from the mine owners for having designed a safer lamp. It was in this city in 1823 that George Stephenson built his first works for making locomotives. It was also in this city that Swan worked and lived and solved the problem of making the carbon filament lamp. Thus it was in Newcastle that Swan gave the first public exhibition on a large scale of electric lighting by means of incandescent lamps. That was in 1880. It was on the Tyne in 1897 that Sir Charles Parsons built the Turbinia which was literally to make rings round the Grand Fleet.
U.S. SPECIFICATIONS AND ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS
Authors: Horsnell F.V.
Published: February 2008

IThe subject of U.S. specifications and associated documents is an extremely complicated one and it is necessary to make it clear at the outset that the scope of this paper is restricted to that part of the field in which we have an intimate knowledge by virtue of our terms of reference.
The NATIONAL CENTRAL LIBRARY
Authors: Webb C.A.
Published: February 2008

The 38th Annual Report of the Executive Committee for the year 1953–54 is of especial interest, as it may be considered together with a simultaneous publication, dated June, 1954, entitled Recommendations on library co‐operation. (Copies may be had from the Librarian, The National Central Library, Malet Place, London, W.C.1.) The Recommendations are put forward jointly by the N.C.L. and by the National Committee on Regional Library Co‐operation and are the result of the findings of a Joint Working Party set up by the Executive Committee of the N.C.L. on 24th October, 1949. These Recommendations, based largely on a report of a survey undertaken for the Joint Working Party by Mr. R. F. Vollans of Westminster Public Library, will be considered later.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: DITMAS E.M.R.
Published: February 2008

The problem of translations is one that, sooner or later, besets most special librarians. For a small library, in particular, where no member of the staff can be spared to undertake the work even if qualified to do so, translations are expensive though often necessary. It is all the more frustrating, therefore, when it is later discovered that the article in question has already been translated elsewhere and would have been accessible. Hence the repeated demand, ‘Cannot something be done to avoid this duplication of effort?’ The problem of translations is, however, deceptive. It looks simple. Let there be a central index and ask anyone who makes a translation to register it; then everyone else will know that a translation of that particular article has already been made. So runs the argument. But there are hidden difficulties. It was to describe some of these difficulties and to consider possible remedies that the London Winter Meeting of Aslib held on 17th January, 1955, was devoted to a discussion of the translation of scientific material, under the Chairmanship of Mr. E. B. Uvarov.
The NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
Authors: BARD B.J.A.
Published: February 2008

The National Research Development Corporation is a public Corporation set up by the Board of Trade under the Development of Inventions Act, 1948. This Act has now been amended by the Development of Inventions Act, 1954, which has somewhat broadened the Corporation's functions. The Acts are permissive; the Corporation is free to operate as it thinks fit in order to carry out its functions, subject in certain circumstances to directions from the Board of Trade, and in some cases to approval of the Board of Trade and the Lord President of the Council. It has no compulsory powers of any kind. Its function is essentially to develop and exploit, in the public interest, inventions resulting from public research; that is to say, research carried out by Government Departments and other public bodies, or any other research in respect of which financial assistance has been provided out of public funds. The Corporation may also consider inventions submitted to it from other sources, for example, private inventors, but, in general, the Corporation is likely to concern itself with private inventions only in cases where the invention is of primary importance to the public interest. The finance required for its operation is provided by the Treasury in the form of loans, the outstanding amount of which must not exceed £5 million at any one time.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: DITMAS E.M.R.
Published: February 2008

Since the earliest days of Aslib the Universal Decimal Classification has provided topics for meetings. In the 1920's and 1930's the U.D.C. was a focal point of bibliographical controversy and constituted almost the sole theme of the meetings of the British Society for International Bibliography. Dr. S. C. Bradford, who with Professor A. F. C. Pollard founded the B.S.I.B., was also a member of the Aslib Council, and although Aslib never subscribed to the tenet that the U.D.C. could become the panacea for all bibliographical troubles, there was close liaison between the two organizations. The fierceness has gone out of the controversy now; the U.D.C. has its opponents still, but it has long been accepted as one of the foremost systems of classification. Argument now is between those who press for new numbers to cope with the latest developments in science and technology and those who, sharply aware that the value of the U.D.C. in international communication must largely rest on a fundamental stability in the scheme of classification, uphold the slower but surer methods of international collaboration and agreement before the incorporation of new numbers.
The MANCHESTER COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY AND ITS ASSISTANCE TO INDUSTRY
Authors: ARDERN L.L.
Published: February 2008

In Manchester, in June, 1824, one Hugh Pritchard publicly sold his wife, aged 26, for 3s. Earlier in the year there had been labour riots because the employers insisted on increasing hours of work from eleven to twelve a day. Earlier still, in February, the treadmill was introduced into the New Bailey Prison.
SPECIAL LIBRARIES OF The MANCHESTER AREA
Authors: FREEDLAND VERNON D.
Published: February 2008

In a previous paper I pointed out how much richer was the Manchester area in research and industrial libraries than was another important region in the North. It is appropriate on this occasion to enlarge upon that theme and attempt a survey of the several libraries and information departments which have been set up hereabouts by various bodies with the important aim of giving a quick and efficient service to industrial and commercial interests. With such a closely packed conurbation as exists around Manchester, it is difficult to set a precise boundary, but for the purpose of this survey I have elected to consider the area lying within a twenty‐mile radius of the city centre.
The ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL PERIODICALS IN EDUCATION FOR LIBRARY AND INFORMATION WORK
Authors: BIRD J.
Published: February 2008

When I came to prepare this paper, and considered carefully the subject I had chosen, it became apparent that there were two possible levels on which it could be treated. The first is the most practical in the narrow sense and may be summed up in a slogan modelled on the one the hatters use: ‘If you want to get through the exams, read your journals’. This cannot be said too often, because so few candidates realize it. Because the periodicals contain all the latest information and ideas on all the topics which are likely to come up in the papers, to be able to cite recent work reported in journals is the one way of being able to stand out above your fellow candidates, and with any luck you might be able to ‘blind the examiner with science’ by quoting something he has not read himself. This applies particularly to the Final Examination, where a knowledge of the periodicals is absolutely necessary, but it is also well worth remembering in the Registration, and even in what we have now got to call the First Professional Examination. Of course, it does not mean you can neglect the text‐books, but you must strike a happy balance.
TRADE WITH LATIN AMERICA
Authors: CUTTS‐WATSON A.
Published: February 2008

Any attempt to generalize when referring to Latin America is extremely hazardous, since economic causes, effects and trends vary from country to country and there is always some exception to the rule. This is understandable with an area covering a land surface more than four times the size of Europe and containing no less than twenty countries, one of which, Brazil, is larger than the United States. I think this brings me to the first fundamental point regarding Latin America: it cannot be regarded as a single unit. Each of the twenty countries, for the purpose of any effective study, must be regarded as an individual entity. Failure to appreciate this has been the cause of a great many mistakes on the part of British exporters in the past, and even today.
INFORMATION WITHIN The MILL
Authors: BAYES A.W.
Published: February 2008

The madman Huhu in Peer Gynt suffered melancholia because ‘droves of people die misunderstood’, and his plan was to lift the restraints of speech altogether by reintroducing the ‘grin, growl, gibber and gape of the orang‐outang’. Even in rational, philosophical circles it has been suggested that knowledge is incommunicable. The problem before this Conference may be described as being how to communicate the, possibly, incommunicable so that we shall not die misunderstood.
MEMBERS' FORUM The FUTURE OF DOCUMENTATION IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY: The ROLE OF INDUSTRY
Authors: ROSE J.D. , FAIRBAIRN R.E.
Published: February 2008

The chemical industry has developed and used documentation services perhaps to a greater degree than any other industry. This has arisen because of the necessity for a progressive and research‐minded outlook in a very competitive industry where development of new and improved products is necessary for existence. Many firms have documentation centres of their own, collecting their information from sources both within the firm and outside, while those firms who do not have documentation centres of their own, for economic or other reasons, have available to them well‐organized documentation and information services from outside sources such as the research and trade associations.
II PERIODICALS IN INFORMATION WORK
Authors: HANSON C.W.
Published: February 2008

Scientific and technical periodicals are read soon after publication by individuals, for their own enlightenment. In addition to these ‘personal’ users, periodicals have what I shall call ‘institutional’ users—librarians, information officers, abstractors—who use them, maybe years after publication, mainly on behalf of others. These ‘institutional’ users find that for their purposes, which are slightly different from those of the ‘personal’ users, many periodicals are inconvenient to use in some, mostly minor, respects. My purpose is to ask editors and publishers to help ‘institutional’ readers by adopting a number of small changes, few of which would involve appreciable cost and none of which would lessen the value of their publications to ‘personal’ readers. They have been asked before—notably by Dr. V. E. Parke and Mr. L. G. Patrick in their papers at the 1947 annual Aslib Conference, and by Dr. Wilfrid Bonser many years earlier. I am, to a large extent, merely repeating and emphasizing their pleas. The requests I have to make may appear trivial: so they are. That is why it seems absurd that some, at least, should not have been adopted before now, and that it should still be necessary to put them forward.
IV The MULTIPLICITY OF JOURNALS
Authors: WATSON R.A.
Published: February 2008

My contribution to the afternoon's discussion is confined to some thoughts on the multiplicity of journals. We have heard the definition of a periodical, but my own favourite definition is that of the first to be published in Britain, the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Its avowed purpose was to be ‘A convenient Register for the bringing in and preserving of many experiments, which, not enough for a book, would else be lost’.
PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING ACCOMMODATION FOR TECHNICAL LIBRARIES
Authors: GIBBINGS J.C.
Published: February 2008

In this paper we are to discuss library accommodation, relating it to the services that management and staff require of its libraries. So there are two main objects in presenting this paper to a joint meeting of librarians and management.
AN EXPERIMENT IN INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: HANSON C.W.
Published: February 2008

European Productivity Agency (E.P.A.) was set up in 1953, by the Organization for European Economic Co‐operation (O.E.E.C.), in order to handle projects designed to help to make possible rapid increases in productivity in member countries. E.P.A. has a Technical Information Section, under Dr. Norbert Grell. One of the projects of this section is the production of E.P.A. Technical Digests. The purpose of the project was to enable technical people, particularly those in small and medium‐sized firms, to read, in their own language, digests of articles describing plant, processes and materials which could be widely applied, and would have an immediate effect in increasing productivity. Behind the digest project lay such ideas as the following: whereas a Norwegian physicist, for instance, could be expected to learn, via scientific abstracts, of important work in his field published in, say, Italy—and, if the work was important enough, to have it translated—a Norwegian foreman would almost certainly never know of some useful practical workshop hint published in an Italian journal; to meet the foreman's need, a digest, simply written in his own language, and preferably illustrated, would be needed—an abstract would be insufficient, and a full translation of the original article would often be excessive.
CICRIS
Authors: RATES R.D.
Published: February 2008

The immense strides made by technical research and therefore in technical education during the past thirty years have been readily appreciated. What is less obvious is that west London—an area which for this purpose lies between Staines and Kensington—has developed with remarkable rapidity during that period too. A quarter of Britain's light industry is now concentrated in that region, and in it are located no less than 3,800 firms of various sizes.
The ROYAL SOCIETY'S INTEREST IN SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS AND The DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION
Authors: MARTIN D.C.
Published: February 2008

Dr D.C. Martin said that what he was about to say might appear to be somewhat superficial, perhaps, because, unlike the audience, he was no expert and from the Assistant Secretary's chair one obtained a general rather than a particular view.
PUBLIC RELATIONS IN LONDON TRANSPORT
Authors: Robertson W.R.
Published: February 2008

Before I begin to talk to you this evening on public relations in London Transport, I thought it would help if I were just to touch on, in a general way, this phrase ‘public relations’.
The USE OF INFORMATION IN IMPROVING OPERATIONS
Authors: RIVETT B.H.P.
Published: February 2008

The ultimate estimate of the value of any piece of information is measured by the change it creates. This paper considers the problem of utilizing information under three headings:
USING FOREIGN LITERATURE IN AN INFORMATION SERVICE
Authors: CROSDALE F.
Published: February 2008

This paper does not pretend to introduce anything which has not been said at greater length before, but it may prove useful to the extent that it attempts to collect together associated aspects of the utilization of foreign literature.
UNITED STATES INFORMATION SERVICES TO INDUSTRY IN The UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Haferd Margaret
Published: February 2008

AS special librarians and information officers, most of you are, of course, very often required to obtain information on conditions and developments in other countries, among them the United States. In this brief paper I want to mention some of the information services of United States Government agencies represented in Great Britain, and to describe those which members of this Association may find most useful.
LIBRARIANS HERE AND THERE: A SYMPOSIUM
Authors: SOMME L. , VISSER T. , DE SILVA E.
Published: February 2008

Summaries of three papers read at the conference of the Scottish Branch of Aslib held in Edinburgh 7th February 1958.
BUSINESS RECORDS FOR The PURPOSE OF The HISTORIAN
Authors: Blake J.W.
Published: February 2008

My function this morning is to say a word or two about what kind of business records it is desirable to keep for the purposes of the historian. This is, I suppose, marginal to the subject which we have already listened to this morning in that, while there is no general rule, in essence I am concerned with only those business records which—according to company regulations—are to be kept for at least six or ten years and not much, if at all, with routine or day‐to‐day records.
MARKETING RESEARCH
Authors: COOPER W.A.
Published: February 2008

Youhave all doubtless heard the old assertion that ‘There are lies, damned lies, and statistics’, and many will also be familiar with the definition of the economist, as the man ‘who argues from false premises, with fabricated data, to arrive at a foregone conclusion’. Since 70 per cent of the artistry or science of marketing research derives from those two disciplines, as the administrators of the information services of the country, you have every right to an account of what we, in Marketing Research, are up to.
CHEMISTRY—The CRUX OF The INFORMATION PROBLEM
Authors: FARRADANE J.
Published: February 2008

The information problem may be regarded as a disease of civilization; from one aspect, there is far more information than one can assimilate, and, from another aspect, there is the inability to extract the essential ingredients from the mass of unwanted material. The problem is, however, not a physiological, but a sociological disorder.
The TRANSLATING INDUSTRY
Authors: MATTHEWS RHYS
Published: February 2008

The origins and growth of any industry can be traced to a number of major impelling forces. In the case of any given industry, therefore, it may be possible to throw some light on probable future developments by studying the history of its evolution from its origins right up to the present time. By this means, some assessment may be achieved as to the future requirements of the industry and as to what policy should be supported in order to meet these requirements in the best way. In particular, it may be possible to discern specific trends and to foresee the speed at which these should come to maturity, what obstacles may be encountered, and how best to prepare for such difficulties in advance.
Why MAKE YOUR OWN INDEXES?
Authors: NEWBY F.
Published: February 2008

Until a few weeks ago, when I heard of a managing director of a large firm who asked his technical librarian ‘Why do you go to all this trouble to make your own indexes?’, I should have regarded this as a purely rhetorical question, not requiring a serious answer. It is clear, however, that the ingenious organizer of this Symposium also believes that there are two sides to this question which call for a calm and reasoned discussion. I am, therefore, constrained to set aside all prejudice and view the matter dispassionately.
INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS AND TRADE MARKS: THEIR HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT, AND PROTECTION
Authors: YATE JOHNSON CHRISTOPHER G.A.
Published: February 2008

From time to time before the Industrial Revolution a small number of influential patrons of the Arts exercised great influence on design. Such names as George IV, the Prince Consort, William Morris, Earl of Burlington, and Robert Adams covering the last two centuries spring to the mind. In the year 1944, while the second world war was still on, a movement was inaugurated by the Coalition Government to improve the standard of design generally, sponsored largely by the Government. It was recognized that the term ‘British Made’ alone was not enough to secure success in a highly competitive market where there is absolute necessity to develop and extend the export business. According to The Sunday Times of 26th June 1945, a simple questionnaire on the design factors affecting exports was addressed to thirty foreign Embassies and Legations in Britain. In addition, personal discussions took place with the attaches of seventeen countries. The answers of these experts were most interesting and illuminating.
The TECHNICAL LIAISON SERVICE, SCOTTISH COUNCIL (DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRY)
Authors: MACRAE CHRISTOPHER
Published: February 2008

Nothing is more important and beneficial than the acquisition and expansion of knowledge. Indeed, perhaps the only real hope for humanity in its present portentious situation lies in the dissemination of more perfect knowledge sufficiently widely and sufficiently quickly to prevent the imperfect from erupting into irreparable disaster. It is, however, also important not only to have knowledge but to know what knowledge is available and where to obtain it—a sentiment with which I venture to believe that librarians, who are the custodians of knowledge, will readily agree. In the operation and development of industry, knowing what knowledge is available and where to find it is of supreme importance. Sometimes help is required to bring to notice knowledge which is available but of which there is insufficient awareness. This is the reason for the existence of the Technical Liaison Service about which I have been asked to say a few words.
SOME IMPEDIMENTS TO CO‐OPERATION In TRANSLATIONS: COPYRIGHT AND OTHER MATTERS
Authors: REED J.B.
Published: February 2008

My first words are apologetic: the first person singular pronoun occurs in nearly every sentence of this paper. I know that this is in bad style, but it is inevitable: I am expressing purely personal views, and these implicate in no way whatsoever the Government department that employs me.
The FUTURE OF INFORMATION WORK
Authors: FARRADANE J.
Published: February 2008

It has tightly been said that scientific research is of no use whatsoever—unless the results are published or otherwise communicated to others. This may be a cliche, but it is one worth repeating, because it is one of the bases of science, and the foundation of information work. Since the beginnings of modern science, after the Renaissance, when the secretiveness of the Middle Ages and the alchemists was swept away, the need for free discussion and intercommunication has been ever more clearly recognized. When, with the advent of the industrial revolution, science, previously an intellectual hobby, became a necessity, the pace of research and invention, and with it the volume of publication, increased and has continued to increase steadily. At the beginning of the nineteenth century we find journals beginning to include short accounts, mostly critical reviews, of papers published elsewhere, but it was not long before the first journals appeared containing only such reviews or abstracts, from which the critical element largely disappeared, and an objective standard was set. This was the first step in information work, and it is important to note that it originated within the scientific field itself, that is, it was performed by scientists on behalf of their fellow researchers.
ASLIB EXHIBITION OF METHODS FOR PRESERVATION AND STORAGE OF PERIODICALS
Authors: PATERSON G.M.
Published: February 2008

This exhibition was held in the library from 1st to 15th March and attracted some 250 visitors. This figure indicates that the theme of the exhibition was one of widespread interest and related to problems that most special libraries have to face. The figure also indicates an average of twenty‐three visitors on each day that the exhibition was open; with the average length of a visit in the region of thirty minutes, considerable calls were made upon the time of the library staff.
CLASSIFICATION: ADOPT, ADAPT, OR CREATE?
Authors: KYLE BARBARA
Published: February 2008

There has long been controversy about the rival merits of using either a recognized published classification drafted by experts in classification or a do‐it‐yourself system drafted by the subject specialist (albeit professionally competent as a classificationist).
EXPERIENCE WITH INDEXING AND RETRIEVING BY UDC AND UNITERMS
Authors: SCHÜLLER J.A.
Published: February 2008

A comparison between a classical classification card system—like UDC—and a modern selection system which makes use of the co‐ordinate indexing principle—like the Uniterm system of Dr Taube—is a rather tricky affair, because of two reasons:
SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION AND ITS USERS
Authors: BERNAL J.D.
Published: February 2008

I am very conscious of speaking to you as an outsider. All of you here are professional people involved in the handling of information. You cover the whole process—the collecting, the storing, the finding, and the handing out of information. I come in at both ends of the process, as a provider of information and as a user of information. Now when I say a user of information, I am very tempted, as all working scientists are tempted, to think that because I am a user I can tell the information people exactly what they ought to do. If I resist the temptation it is because I know that I am only a user. I am not a typical user, I am not an average user: I cannot say that my studies in the use of scientific information, which began long before the Royal Society Conference of 1947, entitle me to speak with any authority. Nevertheless, what I do say is this: instead of or as well as myself you should consider a whole series of differently graded users and between them they would represent the people to whom you are giving your services.
ABSTRACTING JOURNALS In The ELECTRONICS FIELD
Authors: MOORE C.K.
Published: February 2008

The assessment of abstracting journals seems to be a subject which has fallen into some neglect in the literature of documentation in this country. This is probably because our thoughts have been turned to higher things. The word mechanization has been in the air with the result that we have heard all about machine retrieval, cards—edge‐punched and punched all over, magnetized cards, automatic sorting, peek‐a‐boo systems, co‐ordinate indexing, descriptors, etc. etc.
SUMMING UP AND CONCLUSIONS
Authors: HELYAR L.E.J.
Published: February 2008

The general current of feeling of the meeting as reflected both in the papers and in the discussion is that the standard of indexing is not nearly adequate. This feeling has been shown both in direct comments, and by implication in some pleas for minor improvements that could only have been put forward in a world of very imperfect indexes.
INFORMATION WORK In CERAMICS:
Authors: DODD A.E.
Published: February 2008

To begin this paper provocatively I will put forward the opinion that information work in any field is always largely empirical; information work in a technology cannot be anything else but empirical. It is impossible to organize an information service for a technology until the broad outline of the technology itself has been understood and assimilated. This being so, it is only possible to speak to any purpose on information work in a technology if, at each stage, some specific technology is used as a framework of reference; the only such framework known to the present author is that provided by the ceramic industry. It has been objected that the ceramic industry cannot provide a broad enough framework to give interest to an audience drawn from other industries; I hope to be able to show that this objection is not valid. To do so, the term ‘ceramics’ must first be defined.
The EPA INFORMATION MISSION
Authors: ASHWORTH WILFRED
Published: February 2008

Almostfrom the start the European Productivity Agency recognized the importance to productivity of a free flow of information and new ideas. As proof of this one has only to note its activities in this field: EPA Digests, the Question and Answer Service, provision of Technical Information Officers in the various countries, Technical Information Conferences, and even more the contribution it has made to the ‘small firm problem’. Firstly, there was a Survey carried out in Europe and the United States on how small firms obtain technical information which, though it revealed no more than was already known in the information world, usefully focused the attention of many other people on the unsatisfactory situation which exists. In order to widen the range of resources known to firms the next stage was to produce a directory of sources of information, and this was followed by the commissioning of a pamphlet giving advice to small and medium‐sized firms on the setting up of technical information services. This was supplemented by a further publication giving case studies of how eighteen firms solved their own information problems.
HOW DO WE CLASSIFY?
Authors: MOSS R.
Published: February 2008

This article is based on a talk originally given to the Northern Classification Study Group in January 1960 as one of a series of introductory discussions held by the Group, to whom I am indebted for permission to publish it. The opinions presented are my own and do not necessarily represent those of the Group.
CLASSIFICATION In SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Authors: LEACH EDMUND R.
Published: February 2008

Much that has been said by other speakers is applicable also to Social Anthropology. This subject emerged as a distinctive academic discipline in the period 1860–65 and was the direct result of an attempt to apply the concepts of Darwinian evolution to social phenomena. The basic axioms of the subject are thus closely analogous to those of nineteenth‐century botany and zoology. Words like ‘tribe’, ‘people’, ‘society’, ‘culture’ have been confused with the more biological concept ‘race’ and have commonly been used as if they had the qualities of Linnaean ‘species’; i.e. they are assumed to denote entities which are fully discrete and self‐perpetuating, each with its own distinct evolutionary history. There is also a tacit assumption that any such entity, when recorded by the anthropologist, is in a stable condition. Given these assumptions it becomes meaningful to attempt a systematic taxonomy of entities based in some regular principle of monothetic division. Such a taxonomy will of necessity be of a pyramidal segmentary type, such as the following:
LIBRARY BOOKBINDING: STANDARDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: MONCUR DAVID
Published: February 2008

The demand for specialized library bookbinding was created by the need to rebind the books lent free of charge by burgh and county libraries. Publishers' bindings were certainly not strong enough to withstand the wear and tear of public library usage and the authorities could not afford to purchase replacement copies. Traditional methods of binding such as half‐leather with laced‐in boards were much too costly for the libraries' limited funds.
DESIRABLE RATIO OF PROFESSIONAL AND NON‐PROFESSIONAL LIBRARY STAFF
Authors: DAVISON GEO.H.
Published: February 2008

It is now over twelve years since I presented a paper to the Northern Branch of Aslib comparing the working of an industrial library with that of a public library. Since then, there has been a considerable growth in the number of special libraries and this, together with the counter attractions of employment openings elsewhere created by the industrial situation, has resulted in considerable difficulty in obtaining the desired type of library staff. The present time, therefore, would appear to be appropriate to re‐examine the staffing problem, particularly as it affects special libraries.