bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Oxalis corniculata by a hybrid response surface methodology-artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (RSM-ANN-GA) approach, coupled with an assessment of antioxidant activities
Authors: Jiang Deng-Zhao , Yu Dan-Ping , Zeng Ming , Liu Wen-Bo , Li Dong-Lin , Liu Ke-Yue
Published: December 2024

This study aims to optimize the UAE of TFO through an integrated methodological framework combining RSM-ANN-GA. The synergistic application of these techniques is intended to improve the precision and efficiency of the extraction process.
A low-toxicity uranyl-selective-binding linear pentapeptide sequence as a potential uranium decorporation agent
Authors: Tan Xiaohong , Yu Libing , Liao Xindan , Chen Chun , Chu Jian , Xiong Zhonghua , Xia Binyuan , Tang Wei , Li Xijian , Liu Yanyan
Published: December 2024

A phosphorylated short straight-chain polypeptide has been synthesized and demonstrates high selectivity and efficiency as a low-toxicity chelating agent for uranium decorporation in vivo.
Molecular docking and in vivo/in vitro studies of a novel thiadiazole Schiff base as a hepatoprotective drug against angiogenesis induced by breast cancer
Authors: Alqahtani Norah F. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Shati A Ali , Elbehairi Serag Eldin I. , Saleh Abdulrahman M. , Kotb Ebtesam S. , Serag Waleed M. , Elshaarawy Reda F. M. , Alhamdi Heba W. , Hassan Yasser A.
Published: December 2024

Two new thiadiazole imidazolium salicylidene Schiff bases (TISSBs) were successfully synthesized, and their structures were analyzed comprehensively using spectroscopic techniques.
Highly efficient Ni/Ac–Al2O3 catalysts in the dry reforming of methane: influence of acetic acid treatment and Ni loading
Authors: Xiao Han , Dong Jiaming , Zhang Yimin , Cao Xiaohua , Li Yanhong , He Dedong , Luo Yongming , Wang Pingyan , Wang Hao
Published: December 2024

Al2O3 support generated more sites for reactant adsorption and activation after acid treatment.
Preparation and properties of a novel alginate/carrageenan crosslinked coordination polymer and evaluation of the antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer potential of its Co(ii), and Cr(iii) polymeric complexes
Authors: Al-Fakeh Maged S. , Al-Subaie Nora S. , EL-Ghoul Yassine , Hamden Zeineb
Published: December 2024

Natural polysaccharides play a crucial role across diverse fields such as medicine, food, and cosmetics, for their various physiochemical and biological properties.
Exploring the efficacy of Cystoseira sedoide alga for cadmium and copper biosorption: an integrated experimental and computational study
Authors: Bengourna Nadjette , Belguidoum Karima , Khalla Dounya , Nacef Mouna , Kouadri Imane , Benhamida Aida , Amira-Guebailia Habiba , Brouk Alaa eddine , Affoune Abed Mohamed , Satha Hamid
Published: December 2024

Heavy metals biosorption by Cystoseira sedoide alga.
Clarifying the degradation process of luminescent inorganic perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Kim Yong Bin , Kim Sung Hun , Jo Yong-Ryun , Yim Sang-Youp , Chin Sang-Hyun , Park Kyoung-Duck , Lee Hong Seok
Published: December 2024

The size-dependent degradation process of inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals in ambient air is revealed with structural and optical analysis upon long term air exposure.
Molecular dynamics study on the effect of the N1 neuraminidase double mutant G147R/H274Y on oseltamivir sensitivity
Authors: Nurrohman Ardiana Ilham , Suwito Hery , Puspaningsih Ni Nyoman Tri , Haq Kautsar Ul
Published: December 2024

Mutation affecting oseltamivir sensitivity was studied using molecular dynamics simulation to disclose the resistance mechanism.
Thermogalvanic bricks: optimising large dimension thermocells for air and water valorisation
Authors: Haughton-James Rebecca , Mesawang Sireenya , Buckingham Mark A. , Taylor Robert , Phelan Patrick E. , Aldous Leigh
Published: December 2024

Thermogalvanic cells were investigated for exploiting hot air and cold air sources for thermoelectrochemical electricity generation.
Biodegradable biopolymers for electrochemical energy storage devices in a circular economy
Authors: Beg Mustehsan , Saju Jeeva , Alcock Keith M. , Mavelil Achu Titus , Markapudi Prasutha Rani , Yu Hongnian , Manjakkal Libu
Published: December 2024

The rising trend of green energy has made it necessary to utilise efficient green materials in electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs) under a green economy.
Performance assessment of self-healing polyurethane elastomer as an additive in modified asphalt
Authors: Wu Yanling , Wang Xingda , Li Hao , Luo Qingyuan , Li Xuan , Zheng Xinlei , Xu Kexin , Wu Yanteng , Li Jin
Published: December 2024

A novel polyurethane elastomer with self-healing properties has been synthesized and was used as a modifier to modify asphalt.
Advancements in biomass-derived cellulose composite electrodes for supercapacitors: a review
Authors: Choudhary Nitesh , Tomar Akshay , Bhardwaj Shakshi , Ćwiertnia Jakub , Just Dominik , Janas Dawid , Chandra Ramesh , Maji Pradip K.
Published: December 2024

This review explores cellulose chemistry, trends, and future prospects in supercapacitor electrodes, focusing on LCA, computational tools, and strategies to connect lab research with practical energy storage applications.
High energy storage density and efficiency of 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 thin films on platinized sapphire substrates
Authors: Konsago Sabi William , Žiberna Katarina , Matavž Aleksander , Mandal Barnik , Glinšek Sebastjan , Brennecka Geoff L. , Uršič Hana , Malič Barbara
Published: December 2024

Manganese-doped 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT–BCT) ferroelectric thin films deposited on platinized sapphire substrates by chemical solution deposition and multistep-annealed at 850 °C, are investigated.
Deactivation of copper electrocatalysts during CO2 reduction occurs via dissolution and selective redeposition mechanism
Authors: Tomc Blaž , Bele Marjan , Azeezulla Nazrulla Mohammed , Šket Primož , Finšgar Matjaž , Surca Angelja Kjara , Kamšek Ana Rebeka , Šala Martin , Šiler Hudoklin Jan , Huš Matej , Likozar Blaž , Hodnik Nejc
Published: December 2024

During electrochemical CO2 reduction, copper undergoes gradual morphological restructuring and deactivation due to a dissolution–redeposition mechanism.
Enhancing performance of lithium metal batteries through acoustic field application
Authors: Zhang Qipeng , Bo Luyu , Li Hao , Li Jiali , Li Teng , Tian Zhenhua , Qiao Rui
Published: December 2024

The graphic illustrates how an external acoustic field stabilizes the SEI layer by enhancing lithium-ion mass transfer at slip lines and kinks, reducing pit formation and promoting a more uniform SEI, ultimately improving battery performance.
A highly efficient metal-free electrocatalyst of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanoflowers toward oxygen electroreduction
Authors: Fan Xiaoli , Zhang Yingying , Fan Longlong , Geng Qinghong , Zhu Wei , Doustkhah Esmail , Li Cuiling
Published: December 2024

A polymer-assisted method was developed to fabricate metal-free N-doped porous carbon nanoflower as an excellent oxygen reduction electrocatalyst.
Self-assembled peptide-based nanofibers for cardiovascular tissue regeneration
Authors: Shenoy Dhriti , Chivukula Sowmya , Erdogan Nursu , Chiesa Enrica , Pellegrino Sara , Reches Meital , Genta Ida
Published: December 2024

Self-assembled peptide nanofibers to enhance cardiac repair and regeneration.
Multifunctional hydroxyquinoline-derived turn-on fluorescent probe for Alzheimer's disease detection and therapy
Authors: Ghosh Priyam , Mukhopadhyay Sayantani , Kandasamy Thirukumaran , Mondal Subrata , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: December 2024

M8HQ effectively binds and disaggregates Aβ40 fibrils, chelates metal ions, exhibits turn-on fluorescence, targets lysosomes, inhibits ROS-mediated apoptosis, and maintains LAMP1 expression, addressing the complex pathology of Alzheimer's disease.
Enhanced surface hydrophilicity improves osseointegration of titanium implants via integrin-mediated osteoimmunomodulation
Authors: Zheng Zheng , Gan Shuaiqi , Yang Shuhan , Hou Chuping , Zhu Zhimin , Wang Hang , Yu Deping , Qian Zhiyong , Xu Hockin H. K. , Chen Wenchuan
Published: December 2024

The integrin-mediated immunomodulatory effects of hydrophilic titanium modified by non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP), and improved osteogenic responses under this NTAP-created immune microenvironment.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance of Mg3Sb2-based materials by codoping with B and Te
Authors: Zhai Lijun , Wang Jian , Cheng Lin , Lv Minghao , Gao Lu , Yang Zhongyuan , Li Yanli , Zhang Yan , Liu Hongxia , Sun Zhigang
Published: December 2024

B and Te co-doped samples of Mg3.2BySbBi1−xTex achieved the lowest κ − κE of ∼0.49 W m−1 K−1 and a maximum zT of ∼1.54.
Does COVID-19 impact the QT interval prolongation? Answers from genetic causal inference
Authors: Song Yongfei , Zheng Zequn
Published: December 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been heightened interest in the QT interval, a crucial indicator of ventricular electrical activity. Mendelian randomization (MR) is used here to investigate the genetic causation between QT interval alterations and COVID-19. Genetic proxies representing three COVID-19 phenotypes—severe, hospitalized, and COVID-19—were identified in over 1,000,000 individuals of European ancestry. Univariate two-sample MR (TSMR) and multi-exposure-adjusted multivariate MR (MVMR) were used to assess genetic causal associations between COVID-19 and QT intervals in 84,630 UK Biobank participants. The MR-robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) method and radial MR frame were utilized for effective robustness and outlier variant detection, with sensitivity analyses conducted to identify horizontal pleiotropy. For every COVID-19 phenotype, univariate TSMR analysis revealed non-significant causal estimates between COVID-19 and the QT interval [COVID-19: βIVW (95% CI): −0.44 (−1.72, 0.84), P = 0.50; hospitalization: βIVW: 0.12 (−0.57, 0.80), P = 0.74; severe case: βIVW: 0.11 (−0.29, 0.51), P = 0.58]. MR-RAPS and outlier-corrected radial MR analyses further supported this null causal estimation. In confounder-adjusted MVMR analysis, this nonsignificant causality was independent of body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol consumption [βBMI+Alcohol+Smoking (95% CI): −0.77 (−2.44, 0.91), P = 0.37]. Sensitivity analyses did not detect any evidence of bias from horizontal pleiotropy, abnormal data distribution, or weak instruments. These findings suggest that COVID-19 does not directly causally prolong the QT interval. Inconsistent findings in observational research may be attributed to residual confounding.
LiTaO3‐ on‐YAG surface acoustic wave resonator with low TCF and spurious modes mitigation
Authors: Yantchev Ventsislav , Ji Yuancheng , Bolamiri Farshad Farahi , Guo Fei
Published: December 2024

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators employing LiTaO3 piezoelectric platelet on yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) substrate are designed with a low temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) and spurious modes suppression. Transverse modes in the structure are suppressed through the transducer topology, while the higher‐order plate‐guided modes are inherently suppressed by the YAG‐based device platform. Fabricated 1.7 GHz SAW resonator demonstrates significant suppression of the higher order spurious modes as compared to their counterpart on Si (100) base while retaining very low TCF and Q factor of about 2700. The maximum resonance‐to‐antiresonance (R‐aR) bandwidth is estimated to be 4.8%. YAG‐based SAW platform is an alternative to the classical Si‐based SAW platform in radio frequency filters in the lower GHz range, offering high performance and simplifying the stack topology by eliminating the need for additional charge trapping layers. Preliminary estimations show that YAG being commercially viable in photonics is scalable to 4″–6″ low‐cost wafers, required in the RF SAW industry.
Blind reconstruction of BCH codes based on candidate generator polynomial in random situation
Authors: Sharifian Mazraeh Mollaei Ali , Sharifian Mazraeh Mollaei Masoud
Published: December 2024

A novel method for blind reconstruction of binary Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem codes is proposed. Compared to previously reported works, a new approach to find the goal generator polynomial is employed. First, using the feature that each codeword polynomial of a t‐error‐correcting Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem code has the same 2t consecutive roots over Galois field, a new set of candidate generator polynomials is introduced. Then, this set in a random situation to find the correct generator polynomial is investigated. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed reconstruction algorithm compared to the previous methods.
AR‐assisted surgery: Precision placement of patient specific hip implants based on 3D printed PSIs
Authors: Iribar‐Zabala Amaia , Fernández‐Fernández Tanya , Orozco‐Martínez Javier , Calvo‐Haro José , Pérez‐Mañanes Rubén , Aguilera‐Jiménez Elena , de Gregorio‐Bermejo Carla , Benito Rafael , Pose‐Díez‐de‐la‐Lastra Alicia , Beristain‐Iraola Andoni , Pascau Javier , García‐Sevilla Mónica
Published: December 2024

Patient‐specific implant placement in the case of pelvic tumour resection is usually a complex procedure, where the planned optimal position of the prosthesis may differ from the final location. This discrepancy arises from incorrect or differently executed bone resection and improper final positioning of the prosthesis. In order to overcome such mismatch, a navigation solution is presented based on an augmented reality application for HoloLens 2 to assist the entire procedure. This involves placing patient‐specific instruments for tumour resection guidance in the supraacetabular, ischial and symphysial regions, performing the osteotomy and assisting within the adequate positioning of the implant. The supraacetabular patient‐specific instrument and the prosthesis included optical markers attached to them to be used as reference for surgical guidance. The proposed application and workflow were validated by two clinicians on six phantoms, designed and fabricated from different cadaver specimens. The accuracy of the solution was evaluated by comparing the final position after navigation with the position defined in the surgical plan. Preliminary assessment shows promising results for the guidance system, with positive clinician feedback.
An intelligent retrievable object‐tracking system with real‐time edge inference capability
Authors: Li Yujie , Wang Yifu , Ma Zihang , Wang Xinghe , Tan Benying , Ding Shuxue
Published: December 2024

An intelligent retrievable object‐tracking system assists users in quickly and accurately locating lost objects. However, challenges such as real‐time processing on edge devices, low image resolution, and small‐object detection significantly impact the accuracy and efficiency of video‐stream‐based systems, especially in indoor home environments. To overcome these limitations, a novel real‐time intelligent retrievable object‐tracking system is designed. The system incorporates a retrievable object‐tracking algorithm that combines DeepSORT and sliding window techniques to enhance tracking capabilities. Additionally, the YOLOv7‐small‐scale model is proposed for small‐object detection, integrating a specialized detection layer and the convolutional batch normalization LeakyReLU spatial‐depth convolution module to enhance feature capture for small objects. TensorRT and INT8 quantization are used for inference acceleration on edge devices, doubling the frames per second. Experiments on a Jetson Nano (4 GB) using YOLOv7‐small‐scale show an 8.9% improvement in recognition accuracy over YOLOv7‐tiny in video stream processing. This advancement significantly boosts the system's performance in efficiently and accurately locating lost objects in indoor home settings.
Channel selection and local attention transformer model for semantic segmentation on UAV remote sensing scene
Authors: Liu Da , Long Hao , Liu Zhenbao
Published: December 2024

Compared with common urban landscape semantic segmentation, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image semantic segmentation is more challenging because small targets have very low pixel percentages and multi‐scale features due to the influence of flight altitude. Yet, the commonly used successive grid downsampling strategy in the current transformer‐based methods omits some important features of small targets. Furthermore, due to the complex background interference, it can lead to even worse results. In reaction to this, existing strategies aim to maintain superior resolution. Nevertheless, the application of this method incurs considerable computational costs, which brings challenges for the practical applications of UAVs. So it is significant to design a novel framework to balance retaining more pixels representing small objects during downsampling and reducing computational costs. For this, the Channel Selection and the Local Attention Transformer Model (CSLFormer) are proposed. During the overlap patch embedding process of feature maps, the model allocates half of the important channels to global attention and local attention. These two types of attention focus on different aspects: one learns the relationships and importance among various patches, while the other emphasizes the features of individual patches. The method shows superior performance on two public datasets: AeroScapes and Vaihingen, achieving mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 75.57% and 78.93%, respectively. The proposed CSLFormer has been released on GitHub: https://github.com/leoda1/CSLFormer.
Monitoring ride‐hailing passenger security risk: An approach using human geography data
Authors: Fu Fengjie , Cai Zhenegyi , Jin Sheng , Xu Cheng
Published: December 2024

Ride‐hailing services pose significant security challenges for passengers, underscoring the need for effective security risk monitoring. While extensive research has addressed various aspects of ride‐hailing, few studies specifically focus on passenger security risk monitoring. This paper introduces onSecP, an online approach designed to monitor the security risks faced by ride‐hailing passengers using human geography data. onSecP comprises two phases that set it apart from conventional anomalous trajectory detection methods. First, it employs an anomalous trajectory detection model using the LCSS‐Kmeans‐Geoinformation technique, which identifies and scores anomalous ride‐hailing trajectories. Second, it utilizes a multi‐parameter risk evaluation model enhanced by the AHP‐Entropy‐Cluster weighting method to perform real‐time calculations of passenger security risks by integrating factors such as driver characteristics, trip details, geographical environment, trajectory anomaly scores, abnormal stop duration, and passenger information. Our approach leverages diverse data sources, including ride‐hailing driver information, Point of Interest (POI) data as well as optimal route data from AMap, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, expert assessments, and passenger demographic surveys. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that onSecP effectively differentiates between unsafe trips and normal or abnormal trajectories, thereby significantly improving security risk monitoring for ride‐hailing passengers. Consequently, onSecP offers a robust tool for enhancing ride‐hailing security warning systems.
Coronal mass ejection propagation in the dynamically coupled space weather tool: COCONUT + EUHFORIA
Authors: Linan L. , Baratashvili T. , Lani A. , Schmieder B. , Brchnelova M. , Guo J. H. , Poedts S.
Published: December 2024

Context. Numerical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models such as the European heliospheric forecasting information asset (EUHFORIA) have been developed to predict the arrival time of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and accelerated high-energy particles. However, in EUHFORIA, transient magnetic structures are injected at 0.1 AU into a background solar wind created from a static solar wind model. This means the inserted CME model is completely independent of the coronal magnetic field and thus is missing all potential interactions between the CME and the solar wind in the corona.

Aims. This paper aims to present the time-dependent coupling between the coronal model COolfluid COroNal UnsTructured (COCONUT) and the heliospheric forecasting tool EUHFORIA. This first attempt to couple these two simulations should allow us to follow directly the propagation of a flux rope from the Sun to Earth.

Methods. We performed six COCONUT simulations where a flux rope is implemented at the solar surface using either the Titov-Démoulin CME model or the regularised Biot-Savart law (RBSL) CME model. At regular intervals, the magnetic field, velocity, temperature, and density of the 2D surface Rb = 21.5 R⊙ were saved in boundary files. These series of coupling files were read in a modified version of EUHFORIA in order to progressively update its inner boundary. After presenting the early stage of the propagation in COCONUT, we examined how the disturbance of the solar corona created by the propagation of flux ropes is transmitted into EUHFORIA. In particular, we considered the thermodynamic and magnetic profiles at L1 and compared them with those obtained at the interface between the two models.

Results. We demonstrate that the properties of the heliospheric solar wind in EUHFORIA are consistent with those in COCONUT, acting as a direct extension of the coronal domain. Moreover, the disturbances initially created from the propagation of flux ropes in COCONUT continue to evolve from the corona in the heliosphere to Earth, with a smooth transition at the interface between the two simulations. Looking at the profile of magnetic field components at Earth and different distances from the Sun, we also find that the transient magnetic structures have a self-similar expansion in COCONUT and EUHFORIA. However, the amplitude of the profiles depends on the flux rope model used and its properties, thus emphasising the important role of the initial properties in solar source regions for accurately predicting the impact of CMEs.

Conclusions. The dynamically coupled COCONUT plus EUHFORIA model chain constitutes a new space weather forecasting tool that can predict the characteristics of the flux-rope CMEs upon their arrival at L1.
Les nouvelles générations de cellules CAR-T
Authors: Messaoudi Djamel , Perez Franck , Gouveia Zélia
Published: December 2024

L’approche CAR-T, qui consiste à utiliser des lymphocytes T exprimant un récepteur de l’antigène recombinant (CAR, pour chimeric antigen receptor) permettant d’éliminer les cellules présentant un antigène particulier, est l’une des immunothérapies les plus prometteuses pour soigner les cancers. L’ingénierie des CAR-T a évolué au fil de leurs générations, pour renforcer leur activité et leur spécificité, et surmonter leurs limites, comme leur faible persistance, leur toxicité et leur inefficacité dans la lutte contre les tumeurs solides. Cette revue explore les différentes générations de CAR, les tests cliniques en cours sur le cancer et les maladies auto-immunes, ainsi que les limites associées aux cellules CAR-T dans le traitement des cancers.
Energy efficiency in historic buildings: a methodological pathway for improving efficiency through a digital platform
Authors: Pierleoni Andrea , Losco Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Energy performance and comfort condition improvements in buildings is a current issue, fixed by a stringent European regulatory framework that point to reduce emissions from buildings with increasingly objectives of renovation. Especially for historical built, which in Italy represents a large part of the buildings, the renovation must be face as a process, centred on the energetic profile knowledge. This article, part of a doctoral research, elaborates a methodology based on reading multiple energy datasets towards evaluating energy consumption and giving real prospects of improvements. Through the case study of Spelonga − an historical centre in the Marche region − the informative dataset of this process flows into an easy-to-consult digital platform, addressed local administrations to implement the energy governance and more awareness in the planning of the territory.
Digital Technologies in Hereditary Coagulation Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kahl Fabian , Kapsecker Maximilian , Nissen Leon , Bresser Laura , Heinemann Marie , Reimer Lara Marie , Jonas Stephan M.
Published: December 2024

Background This systematic review aims to comprehensively survey digital technologies used in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hereditary blood coagulation disorders.

Methods The systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed on January 29, 2024. Articles were excluded if they were reviews, meta-analyses, or systematic reviews. Articles were included if they were published from January 1, 2014, onward, written in English, described an actual application of digital tools, were in the context of hereditary coagulation disorders, and involved studies or trials on humans or human data with at least three subjects.

Results The initial PubMed search on January 29, 2024, identified 2,843 articles, with 672 from January 1, 2014, onward. After screening, 21 articles met the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Among these, 12 focused on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and 9 on digital applications. AI was predominantly used for diagnosis (five studies) and treatment (four studies), while digital applications were mainly used for treatment (eight studies). Most studies addressed hemophilia A, with a smaller number including hemophilia B or von Willebrand disease.

Discussion The findings reveal a lack of intervention studies in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. However, digital tools, including AI and digital applications, are increasingly used in managing hereditary coagulation disorders. AI enhances diagnostic accuracy and personalizes treatment, while digital applications improve patient care and engagement. Despite these advancements, study biases and design limitations indicate the need for further research to fully harness the potential of these technologies.
Standardization of Myocardial Protection: Comment on Cardiac Surgery 2023 Reviewed
Authors: Carrel Thierry , Schmidli Jürg
Published: December 2024

There have been few recent innovations since the introduction of cardioplegia more than 50 years ago. Surprisingly, cardioplegia as one of the most essential steps in terms of heart muscle protection during a surgical procedure requiring cardiac arrest has never been really standardized. As a consequence, a considerable variety of cardioplegic solutions and applications have developed: cold versus warm, crystalloid versus blood cardioplegia, antegrade versus retrograde or both, as well as different time schedules for repeated administration. A new cardioplegia solution, called Cardioplexol™, has recently received CE marking approval as a drug following two phase III studies. Cardioplexol™ shows several advantages: the administration follows a very simple protocol, minimizing the risk of errors in manipulation, and diastolic arrest occurs immediately, thus allowing immediate start of the cardiac work once the aorta has been cross clamped. The very low volume of crystalloid solution (e.g., 100 mL as induction and a second application of 100 mL following 45–60 minutes of ischemia) avoids hemodilution and therefore the need for filtration during surgery. In addition, the injection through the aortic root canula eliminates the need for an additional cardioplegia pump and its disposable tubing system. This simplified cardioplegia that is not inferior to Buckberg solution has the potential for standardization of myocardial protection protocols.
Diabetes Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Toward Self-Care among Nigerian Undergraduates: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Soyoye David Olubukunmi , Adetunji Tajudin , Olowookere Samuel Anu , Ajayi Akindele Amos , Ilori Temitope , Apampa Tobiloba Oluwatomisin , Adejuyigbe Oluwabusola Temitope , Akinola Beloved Jesupelumi
Published: December 2024

Background Diabetes mellitus is a noncommunicable chronic disease that is becoming prevalent among the youthful population.

Aim This study assessed diabetic awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practices among undergraduates of a Nigerian university.

Methods Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 310 consenting undergraduates that completed a self-administered questionnaire on diabetes and diabetic self-care. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results The undergraduate age ranged from 16 to 30 years with the majority less than 20 years (55.5%), females 53.8%, Yoruba (87.4%), and second-year students (34.2%). Although a majority (85%) was aware of diabetes mellitus, 53% had poor knowledge, 70% had a negative attitude, and 60% had poor practices toward diabetes mellitus and diabetic self-care. Significant predictor of poor knowledge was being female (adjusted odds ratio 4.56; 95% confidence interval 2.79–7.45; p = 0.0001).

Conclusion Despite high diabetes awareness, the knowledge, attitude, and practices were poor among undergraduates. There should be continuous education program on diabetes and diabetic self-care among the students.
A novel magnetic stimulation device with quasi-exponential stimulus currents
Authors: Sandurkov B. , Haupt S. , Gattinger N. , Gleich B.
Published: December 2024

Since its invention in 1985, the magnetic stimulator has been based on an oscillating circuit consisting of a capacitor and a coil. Depending on how the energy is switched, different pulse shapes are generated. These play an important role in the activation of nerves. While it is possible to generate nearly arbitrary pulse shapes, this freedom comes with complex and costly power electronics. We present a novel monophasic system that can generate extremely steep edges by inductive intermediate storage of pulse energy. It requires a very simple charging circuit, while the pulse amplitude and pulse duration are controlled by the switching times of two IGBTs. By varying these switching times with an input voltage of 140 VAC, our prototype generates pulses with a pulse length between 155 and 200 μs and a maximum stimulation coil current between 2.1 and 2.8 kA. The total energy in the system (depending on the input voltage and switching time) is limited by exceeding the dielectric strength of the IGBTs due to voltage peaks that occur during switching. These peaks were counteracted to a certain extent using RCD snubbers. Our design enables the development of low-cost and compact monophasic magnetic stimulators and, with its novel topology, opens up further possibilities in generating monophasic pulse shapes.
Enhancing soundproofing performance of polypropylene nanocomposites for implantable electrodes inside the body through graphene and nanoclay; thermomechanical analysis
Authors: Mezher AL-Kasar Baraa Chasib , Asl Shahab Khameneh , Asgharzadeh Hamed , Peighambardoust Seyed Jamaleddin
Published: December 2024

This study explores the creation and evaluation of nanocomposites formed by integrating polypropylene (PP) with montmorillonite nanoclay and graphene nanosheets (GNs). The nanocomposites were produced via melt blending, utilizing different proportions of clay to GN, ultimately achieving a total loading of 4 wt. %. The objective is to utilize these materials in brain pacemakers to minimize noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio for brain electrodes. While past studies have mainly focused on enhancing electrode materials within the brain, little attention has been given to the pacemaker material, particularly at the outlet gate. This study bridges this gap by investigating the noise-reducing properties of PP nanocomposites. The primary aim was to determine the optimal clay to GN ratio in the PP matrix. The results indicate that the perforated architecture of the nanocomposite, featuring scattered microspheres within the polypropylene matrix that form an extended channel, facilitates the dissipation of sound waves, rendering it ideal for acoustic insulation in brain pacemakers. In addition, the nanocomposite composed of 2.75% clay and 1.25% graphene nanosheets in the polypropylene matrix demonstrated a markedly improved signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to other examined nanocomposites. Moreover, this study examined the impact of adding PP-g-MA on the sound properties of the nanocomposite, revealing that it was not effective for sound absorption due to its more coherent structure. Various tests were conducted on the nanocomposites to evaluate properties such as tensile strength, elongation percentage, and impact toughness. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis were also carried out to assess dynamic storage modulus and thermal stability. Overall, the study aimed to explore the thermal and mechanical attributes of the nanocomposites for potential use in brain pacemakers, highlighting the significance of choosing nanocomposites based on ductility characteristics for pacemaker applications.
Research on speed fluctuation suppression of PMSM based on SADRC and QRC cascade control
Authors: Zhang Jingkun , Jin Wei , Zhang Pengjun , Liu Pengzhan , Su Muping , Zheng Yongfei
Published: December 2024

The objective of this research is to reduce the speed fluctuation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) due to periodic torque fluctuation. To achieve this, the authors designed a cascade control system based on Linear/Nonlinear Switching Active Disturbance Rejection Control (SADRC) and Quasi Resonant Controller (QRC). Periodic torque pulsations, mainly the first, second, and fourth harmonics, are analyzed first. The architecture of the SADRC and QRC cascade control systems is then established. Subsequently, the parameters of SADRC and QRC are calibrated by the bandwidth method, and a closed-loop system model of cascade control is developed. Ultimately, periodic load fluctuations with step load fluctuations are applied at the load side to ascertain the efficacy of the SADRC and QRC cascade control systems. The SADRC and QRC cascade control reduce the first, second, and fourth harmonics of speed fluctuations by 74%, 33%, and 47.5%, respectively, through the use of QRC current compensation in the presence of peak 2 N m periodic torque fluctuations. The SADRC and QRC cascade control systems demonstrate excellent performance in the context of cyclic and step load fluctuations.
Decoding chaperone complexes: Insights from NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Ghosh Shreya , Clore G. Marius
Published: December 2024

Molecular chaperones play a key role in protein homeostasis by preventing misfolding and aggregation, assisting in proper protein folding, and sometimes even disaggregating formed aggregates. Chaperones achieve this through a range of transient weak protein–protein interactions, which are difficult to study using traditional structural and biophysical techniques. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, however, is well-suited for studying such dynamic states and interactions. A wide range of NMR experiments have been particularly valuable in understanding the mechanisms of chaperone function, as they can characterize disordered protein structures, detect weak and nonspecific interactions involving sparsely populated states, and probe the conformational dynamics of proteins and their complexes. Recent advances in NMR have significantly enhanced our knowledge of chaperone mechanisms, especially chaperone-client interactions, despite the inherent challenges posed by the flexibility and complexity of these systems. In this review, we highlight contributions of NMR to the chaperone field, focusing on the work carried out in our laboratory, which have provided insights into how chaperones maintain function within the cellular environment and interact with various protein substrates.
Electron beam-splitting effect with crossed zigzag graphene nanoribbons in high-spin metallic states
Authors: Sanz Sofia , Giedke Géza , Sánchez-Portal Daniel , Frederiksen Thomas
Published: December 2024

Here, we analyze the electron transport properties of a device formed of two crossed graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edges (ZGNRs) in a spin state with total magnetization different from zero. While the ground state of ZGNRs has been shown to display antiferromagnetic ordering between the electrons at the edges, for wide ZGNRs—where the localized spin states at the edges are decoupled and the exchange interaction is close to zero—in the presence of relatively small magnetic fields, the ferromagnetic (FM) spin configuration can become the state of lowest energy due to the Zeeman effect. In these terms, by comparing the total energy of a periodic ZGNR as a function of the magnetization per unit cell, we obtain the FM-like solution of the lowest energy for the perfect ribbon, the corresponding FM-like configuration of the lowest energy for the four-terminal device formed of crossed ZGNRs, and the critical magnetic field needed to excite the system to this spin configuration. By performing transport calculations, we analyze the role of the distance between layers and the crossing angle of this device in the electrical conductance, at small gate voltages. The problem is approached employing the mean-field Hubbard Hamiltonian in combination with non-equilibrium Green’s functions. We find that ZGNR devices subject to transverse magnetic fields may acquire a high-spin configuration that ensures a metallic response and tunable beam-splitting properties, making this setting promising for studying electron quantum optics with single-electron excitations.
Research on adaptive scheduling strategy of cooperative jamming resources for the anti-netted radar system
Authors: Yang A. Tianjian , Wang B. Xing , Cheng C. Siyi , Chen D. You , Zhang E. Xi
Published: December 2024

Jamming resource allocation is an important step in implementing cooperative jamming. Traditional jamming resource allocation considers only the reduction of enemy radar detection performance but ignores the problem of mutual interference in the formation. Therefore, an adaptive scheduling strategy based on the Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (ISSA) is proposed to improve the jamming efficiency and minimize mutual interference. First, the target detection model and the mutual interference model are established. On this basis, a two-factor objective function based on network detection probability and the degree of mutual interference is constructed. Then, a whole-process cooperative mechanism is proposed, and an improved circle algorithm and a whale predation strategy are introduced. These strategies are used to overcome the problems of slow convergence and local optimization in the standard sparrow search algorithm (SSA). Finally, the effectiveness and timeliness of ISSA are proved by simulation experiments.
Early indicators of declining pasture persistence: sensor-based tools for paddock-scale identification
Authors: Jayasinghe Chinthaka , Thomson Anna , Smith Kevin , Jacobs Joe
Published: December 2024

Pasture persistence is the ability to maintain plant density and dry matter production of sown species throughout the life of a sward, and it is important for the long-term productivity and sustainability of pasture-based animal production systems. Identifying early indicators of declining pasture persistence enables livestock farmers to implement timely management strategies to use their land more productively and sustainably. However, there are significant gaps in current knowledge in which early indicators of pasture decline should be monitored, when, and at what scale. Traditionally, persistence assessment rely on manual pasture measurements, which are either subjective and labour-intensive or lack timeliness for decision making and are unlikely to allow livestock producers to identify the symptoms of decline in sown pasture before it becomes a significant issue. With the rapid development of sensors and image processing algorithms, remote sensing platforms show promise in reducing the time frame for phenotyping early indicators of declining pasture persistence. This review discussed which dynamic morphological, and physiological traits, along with biological processes, could be considered reliable early indicators of persistence risk in sown pastures, as well as risk factors that are likely to put a sward at a disadvantage with regards to longevity, and how high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) can measure these indicators and risk factors. This study addressed the knowledge gap on monitoring early indicators of declining pasture persistence using remote sensing technologies, and may provide valuable insights that could be used to establish an early warning system for persistence risk.
α-Catenin force-sensitive binding and sequestration of LZTS2 leads to cytokinesis failure
Authors: Wang Yuou , Yemelyanov Alex , Go Christopher D. , Kim Sun K. , Quinn Jeanne M. , Flozak Annette S. , Le Phuong M. , Liang Shannon , Gingras Anne-Claude , Ikura Mitsu , Ishiyama Noboru , Gottardi Cara J.
Published: December 2024

Epithelial cells can become polyploid upon tissue injury, but mechanosensitive cues that trigger this state are poorly understood. Using an Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell knock-out/reconstitution system, we show that α-catenin mutants that alter force-sensitive binding to F-actin or middle (M)-domain promote cytokinesis failure and binucleation, particularly near epithelial wound-fronts. We identified Leucine Zipper Tumor Suppressor 2 (LZTS2), a factor previously implicated in abscission, as a conformation sensitive proximity partner of α-catenin. We show that LZTS2 enriches not only at midbody/intercellular bridges but also at apical adhering junctions. α-Catenin mutants with persistent M-domain opening show elevated junctional enrichment of LZTS2 compared with wild-type cells. LZTS2 knock-down leads to elevated rates of binucleation. These data implicate LZTS2 as a mechanosensitive effector of α-catenin that is critical for cytokinetic fidelity. This model rationalizes how persistent mechanoactivation of α-catenin may drive tension-induced polyploidization of epithelia after injury and suggests an underlying mechanism for how pathogenic α-catenin M-domain mutations drive macular dystrophy.
Minimally deformed anisotropic version of Tolman–Finch–Skea stellar model in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Azmat Hina , Khalid Rafia , Zubair M , Demir Emre , Güdekli Ertan
Published: December 2024

In this article, a well-known anisotropic solution, the Tolman–Finch–Skea (TFS) solution, is studied using the gravitational decoupling approach within the framework of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity. The radial metric potential is modified linearly through the minimal geometric deformation approach, while the temporal component of the metric remains unchanged. The system of EGB field equations is decomposed into two distinct sets of field equations: one corresponding to the standard energy-momentum tensor and the other associated with an external gravitational source. The first system is solved using the aforementioned known solution, while the second is closed by imposing the mimic constraint on pressure. Moreover, the junction conditions at the inner and outer surfaces of the stellar object are examined, considering the Boulware–Deser 4D space-time as the external geometry. The physical properties of the stellar model are analyzed using parameters such as energy conditions, causality conditions, compactness, and redshift.
Color dipole cross-section from unifying the color-dipole picture and improved saturation models
Authors: Boroun G R
Published: December 2024

We present an analysis of the color-dipole picture for determination of the gluon density at low-x which is obtained from the Altarelli-Martinelli equation by expansion at distinct points of expansion. The dipole cross-sections with respect to the improved saturation model of Bartels–Golec-Biernat–Kowalski are obtained in a wide range of transverse sizes r and compared with the Golec-Biernat-W

u

̈

sthoff model. We find that the model gives a good description of the dipole cross-section at large r which confirms saturation and matches the perturbative QCD result at a small r due to the significant role of the running of the gluon distribution.
Static and rotating structures of spin-orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates in superposed Bessel lattices*
Authors: Chen Haijun , Duan Hongying , Zheng Xingrong , Liu Jinhe
Published: December 2024

We propose a superposed Bessel optical lattice formed by multiple Bessel optical lattices. The static and rotational structures are formed in the presence of a spin-orbit coupling (SOC) interaction in the atomic in Bose–Einstein condensates are investigated, it is shown that the two structures can be manipulated by adjusting the parameters of the superposed Bessel optical lattices. The results show that the SOC interaction has an important effect on the two structures in the superposed Bessel optical lattices, and the SOC interaction can enhance the robustness of the structures. The Gaussian, toroidal and vortex superposition structures in the superposition lattice are presented, the interference processes in the steady state structures are analyzed, and the effects of SOC interactions on the Gaussian vortex and toroidal vortex structures are investigated, and the angular momentum of the vortex states can be increased by SOC interactions.
Production of the massless dark photon

γ

˜

associated with the photon γ from charged lepton flavor violating decay processes
Authors: Li Si , Yue Chong-Xing , Cheng Xue-Jia , Bu Yang-Yang
Published: December 2024

The massless dark photon

γ

˜

can only interact with the Standard Model (SM) sector via higher-dimensional operators. In this letter, we investigate its production associated with the ordinary photon γ from the lepton flavor violation (LFV) process

ℓ

i

→

ℓ

j

γ

˜

γ

and di-production from the LFV process

ℓ

i

→

ℓ

j

γ

˜

γ

˜

induced by dipole operators. Comparing the obtained numerical results with the corresponding experimental measurements, we obtain the constraints on the effective couplings of

γ

˜

with the SM charged leptons. The upper limit of the effective coupling

D

L

μ
e

2

+

D

R

μ
e

2

coming from the process

μ
→
e

γ

˜

γ

is looser than the process

μ
→
e

γ

˜

by about one order of magnitude.
The application of 3D printing technology in the formation of wide gypsum-based reliefs
Authors: Liang Meiqin , Liu Shuai , Qin Han
Published: December 2024

To further explore the application of 3D printing technology in the formation of large-scale gypsum relief sculptures, this paper summarizes the types of gypsum 3D printers currently available in the domestic and international markets, as well as the maximum size of their printed products. It also analyzes the problems encountered in the formation of gypsum relief sculptures and the advantages of 3D printing technology in this field. Based on this, a wide-format gypsum relief 3D printer was developed. The specific application methods of 3D printing technology in the formation of large-scale gypsum relief sculptures were elaborated in detail from the perspectives of mechanical structure design, control development, and process experimental research. The research results show that 3D printing technology can form relief sculptures on large-format gypsum. It can be applied in the field of decorative materials. It can be concluded that 3D printing technology has broad application prospects in the formation of large-format gypsum relief sculptures.