bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Where else did they copy their styles but from church groups?”: Rock ‘n’ Roll and Pentecostalism in the 1950s South
Authors: Stephens Randall J.
Published: February 2016

Church leaders and laypeople in the US went on the defensive shortly after rock and roll became a national youth craze in 1955 and 1956. Few of those religious critics would have been aware or capable of understanding that rock ‘n’ roll, in fact, had deep religious roots. Early rockers, all southerners—such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, and James Brown—grew up in or regularly attended pentecostal churches. Pentecostalism, a vibrant religious movement that traced its origins to the early 20th century, broke with many of the formalities of traditional protestantism. Believers held mixed-race services during the height of Jim Crow segregation. The faithful spoke in tongues, practiced healing, and cultivated loud, revved-up, beat-driven music. These were not the sedate congregants of mainline churches. Some pentecostal churches incorporated drums, brass instruments, pianos, and even newly invented electric guitars. Rock ‘n’ roll performers looked back to the vibrant churches of their youth, their charismatic pastors, and to flashy singing itinerants for inspiration. In a region that novelist Flannery O'Connor called “Christ-haunted,” the line between secular and sacred, holy and profane was repeatedly crossed by rock musicians. This article traces the black and white pentecostal influence on rock ‘n’ roll in the American South, from performance style and music to dress and religious views. It also analyzes the vital ways that religion took center stage in arguments and debates about the new genre.
Juxtaposing Constitution-Making and Constitutional-Infringement Mechanisms in Israel and Canada: On the Interplay between Common Law Override and Sunset Override
Authors: Weill Rivka
Published: February 2016

This article explores the often neglected relationships between constitution-making (including amendment) mechanisms and constitutional-infringement mechanisms by focusing on the override as one of the possible tools to depart from a Constitution. The article suggests that there are two types of override: a ‘common law override’, which is not uniquely Canadian, and a ‘sunset override’. The common law override evolves in the judicial decisions of a given country when the courts require the legislature to explicitly take responsibility for an action. Under the common law override, we may couple together phenomena that are not typically connected, including a means of protecting common law rights, a judicial presumption against delegation of power to administrative agencies, and mechanisms of dealing with procedural or substantive legislative entrenchment. In contrast, the sunset override is a Canadian invention. For the tool to be part of the infringement mechanisms of a country's Constitution, it must be provided for explicitly in that Constitution, and its exercise must be temporary.

This article follows the various possible uses of the common law override. It shows that Israel has vast experience with the common law override which may shed light on Israel's future possible exploitation of the sunset override. The article then shows that Israel has adopted the sunset override following the Canadian example. When the Rabin government adopted the tool as part of an exchange deal with the ultra-orthodox religious political party Shas, the terms of the deal included Shas' acquiescence to the peace process in exchange for the Rabin government's use of the override to protect the religious status quo from judicial intervention. In addition, the Israeli justices played an active and unique role in the birth and formulation of the Israeli override. As has happened with the Canadian override, supposedly these circumstances should have made the override illegitimate in Israel. However, this article argues that it is not the political uses of the override that result in its lack of use. Rather, the determining factor is the override's compatibility with the constitution-making process in a given country. From a normative perspective, it is easier for the Israeli legislature to override its own earlier enactments, even those titled Basic Laws, than it is for the Canadian legislature to override the People's enactment of the Charter. Thus, it is expected that Israel might more freely deploy the sunset override were it to become a general mechanism embodied in the Basic Laws, while, in contrast, the sunset override has fallen into disuse in Canada.
Effects of Age of English Exposure, Current Input/Output, and grade on bilingual language performance
Authors: BEDORE LISA M. , PEÑA ELIZABETH D. , GRIFFIN ZENZI M. , HIXON J. GREGORY
Published: February 2016

This study evaluates the effects of Age of Exposure to English (AoEE) and Current Input/Output on language performance in a cross-sectional sample of Spanish–English bilingual children. First- (N= 586) and third-graders (N= 298) who spanned a wide range of bilingual language experience participated. Parents and teachers provided information about English and Spanish language use. Short tests of semantic and morphosyntactic development in Spanish and English were used to quantify children's knowledge of each language. There were significant interactions between AoEE and Current Input/Output for children at third grade in English and in both grades for Spanish. In English, the relationship between AoEE and language scores were linear for first- and third-graders. In Spanish a nonlinear relationship was observed. We discuss how much of the variance was accounted for by AoEE and Current Input/Output.
Weekend Pottery Workshop at White Gum Valley Special School
Authors: Davies Marion J.
Published: February 2016

Unless there is a specialist art and craft teacher in the school, this area of instruction is left to the classroom teacher. Such was the case at White Gum Valley. As my special interest is pottery, I use this medium for craft lessons. Many students from other classes expressed the desire to take pottery, so I decided to hold a weekend workshop for them.

The general aims were to consolidate expressed interest in a rewarding leisure time activity, to help develop mature attitudes, good work habits and responsibility. I also hoped to foster perseverance, care and attention to detail, to increase concentration span and to develop a critical appraisal of one’s work.
The Reliability and Validity of a Scale to Measure Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Integration in an Australian Context
Authors: Roberts Clare , Pratt Chris
Published: February 2016

This paper investigates, in an Australian context, the psychometric properties of reliability and construct validity of a scale to measure the attitudes of teachers toward the integration of handicapped children into regular schools. The responses of a sample of 301 primary school staff were factor analysed to determine the factorial validity of the 30-item scale. The scale was found to have an underlying conceptual framework of five factors, which could be used to investigate various aspects of a teacher’s attitude toward integration. The psychometric characteristics of the scale indicate that it is both reliable and factorially valid in an Australian context and that it is valid to make comparisons between American and Australian data using the scale.
Word processing and Written Composition: An Intervention for Children with Mild Intellectual Disability
Authors: Van der Kaay Maria , Wilton Ken , Townsend Michael
Published: February 2016

The effectiveness of word-processing as a supplementary written language intervention was examined in a sample of 14 children with mild intellectual disability. The children were enrolled in two special classes in an Auckland primary school. The study was initiated in the senior classroom (age-range 9–11 years), where a personal computer had been installed. In the initial week the children were taught to use a word-processing package, and for the next eight weeks, the children used the computer for daily writing activities. The computer was then shifted to the junior classroom (age-range 6–8 years), and after an initial 1-week period of learning to use the computer/software, the children used the computer for daily writing activities for the next four weeks. Samples of the children’s writing were collected over a 16-week period immediately prior to the introduction of the computer and immediately following the completion of the computer writing period. Each of the samples was subsequently rated on eight qualitative categories. Both classes showed significant improvements in the “organisation” of their writing, and the senior class also showed an increase in their “authority” as authors. The results suggest that use of a word-processing package can help to facilitate the written language development of children with mild intellectual disability
Critical Factors of Successful Transition to Mainstream Kindergarten for Children with Disabilities
Authors: Chadwick Dawn , Kemp Coral
Published: February 2016

This study investigated the transition of 314 children with disabilities to mainstream kindergarten classes in state schools in New South Wales from the perspectives of parents, sending service providers and receiving teachers. Results indicated that the majority of parents and kindergarten teachers considered the transition and early integration to have been successful, regardless of the child’s disability or the severity of the disability. The factors that related positively and significantly to teacher perception of successful integration were (a) receiving school attitude and school community acceptance of the integrated child, (b) receiving teacher perception of the adequacy of the support received, (c) preparation of the child for the mainstream school placement, specifically classroom skills and self-help skills, (d) preparation of parents of other children in the class, and (e) receiving teacher perception of the value of liaising with parents. The implications of this research for planning and programming for transition to school for young children with disabilities are discussed.
Scientists, Career Choices and Organisational Change: Managing Human Resources in Cross Sector R&D Organisations
Authors: Turpin Tim , Garrett-Jones Sam , Diment Kieren
Published: February 2016

The resource-based view of the firm has drawn attention to the role of human resources in building innovative capacity within firms. In ‘high technology’ firms, scientific capability is a critical factor in achieving international competitiveness. Science, however, is a costly business and many firms are entering into cross-sector R&D partnerships in order to gain access to leading edge scientific capability. The Australian Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) program is typical of the ways many governments are seeking to promote such cross-sector R&D collaboration. Scientists are key resources in these organisational arrangements. However, there is only fragmentary information available about why and when scientists choose to work in these cross-sector organisations rather than others, or the impact of changing funding regimes on their career choices. Similarly, there has been little research into the impact of such partnerships and career choices on the organisations in which scientists work. This paper presents some findings from two new ARC funded studies in Australia designed to investigate the careers of scientists and the organisational and career implications of participation in cross-sector R&D collaboration. One of our findings is that CRCs may not endure as long term ‘hybrid’ organisational arrangements as some observers have suggested, but rather remain as transitional structure influencing the partners involved and the careers of scientists. This has important implications for the managers of CRCs as well as those responsible for partner organisations.
PKC activation sensitizes basal-like breast cancer cell lines to Smac mimetics
Authors: Cornmark L , Holmgren C , Masoumi K , Larsson C
Published: February 2016

There is a need for novel strategies to initiate cancer cell death. One approach is the use of Smac mimetics, which antagonize inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Recent studies have shown that combinations of Smac mimetics such as LBW242 or LCL161 in combination with chemotherapeutic agents increase cancer cell death. Here we show that the protein kinase C (PKC) activator TPA together with the Smac mimetic LBW242 induces cell death in two basal breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468 and BT-549) that are resistant to Smac mimetic as single agent. Ten other LBW242-insensitive cancer cell lines were not influenced by the TPA+LBW242 combination. The TPA+LBW242 effect was suppressed by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X, indicating dependence on PKC enzymatic activity. The PKC effect was mediated via increased synthesis and release of TNFα, which can induce death in the presence of Smac mimetics. The cell death, coinciding with caspase-3 cleavage, was suppressed by caspase inhibition and preceded by the association of RIP1 with caspase-8, as seen in complex II formation. Smac mimetics, but not TPA, induced the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Blocking the canonical NF-κB pathway suppressed TPA induction of TNFα in MDA-MB-468 cells whereas isolated downregulation of either the canonical or non-canonical pathways did not abolish the Smac mimetic induction of the NF-κB driven genes TNFα and BIRC3 in MDA-MB-231 cells although the absolute levels were suppressed. A combined downregulation of the canonical and non-canonical pathways further suppressed TNFα levels and inhibited Smac mimetic-mediated cell death. Our data suggest that in certain basal breast cancer cell lines co-treatment of TPA with a Smac mimetic induces cell death highlighting the potential of using these pathways as molecular targets for basal-like breast cancers.
On-chip photonic Fourier transform with surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Kou Shan Shan , Yuan Guanghui , Wang Qian , Du Luping , Balaur Eugeniu , Zhang Daohua , Tang Dingyuan , Abbey Brian , Yuan Xiao-Cong , Lin Jiao
Published: February 2016

The Fourier transform (FT), a cornerstone of optical processing, enables rapid evaluation of fundamental mathematical operations, such as derivatives and integrals. Conventionally, a converging lens performs an optical FT in free space when light passes through it. The speed of the transformation is limited by the thickness and the focal length of the lens. By using the wave nature of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), here we demonstrate that the FT can be implemented in a planar configuration with a minimal propagation distance of around 10 μm, resulting in an increase of speed by four to five orders of magnitude. The photonic FT was tested by synthesizing intricate SPP waves with their Fourier components. The reduced dimensionality in the minuscule device allows the future development of an ultrafast on-chip photonic information processing platform for large-scale optical computing.
Weight loss is associated with plasma free amino acid alterations in subjects with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Tochikubo O , Nakamura H , Jinzu H , Nagao K , Yoshida H , Kageyama N , Miyano H
Published: February 2016

Objectives:

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide, especially in Asian populations. Early detection and effective intervention are vital. Plasma free amino acid profile is a potential biomarker for the early detection for lifestyle-related diseases. However, little is known about whether the altered plasma free amino acid profiles in subjects with metabolic syndrome are related to the effectiveness of dietary and exercise interventions.

Methods:

Eighty-five Japanese subjects who fulfilled the Japanese diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome were enrolled in a 3-month diet and exercise intervention. The plasma free amino acid concentrations and metabolic variables were measured, and the relationships between plasma free amino acid profiles, metabolic variables and the extent of body weight reduction were investigated. Those who lost more than 3% of body weight were compared with those who lost less than 3%.

Results:

Baseline levels of most amino acids in the subset that went on to lose <3% body weight were markedly lower compared with the counterpart, although both groups showed similar proportional pattern of plasma amino acid profiles. The weight loss induced by the diet and exercise intervention normalized plasma free amino acid profiles. For those with a high degree of weight loss, those changes were also associated with improvement in blood pressure, triglyceride and hemoglobin A1c levels.

Conclusions:

These data suggest that among Japanese adults meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome, baseline plasma free amino acid profiles may differ in ways that predict who will be more vs less beneficially responsive to a standard diet and exercise program. Plasma free amino acid profiles may also be useful as markers for monitoring the risks of developing lifestyle-related diseases and measuring improvement in physiological states.
Singularity of the time-energy uncertainty in adiabatic perturbation and cycloids on a Bloch sphere
Authors: Oh Sangchul , Hu Xuedong , Nori Franco , Kais Sabre
Published: February 2016

Adiabatic perturbation is shown to be singular from the exact solution of a spin-1/2 particle in a uniformly rotating magnetic field. Due to a non-adiabatic effect, its quantum trajectory on a Bloch sphere is a cycloid traced by a circle rolling along an adiabatic path. As the magnetic field rotates more and more slowly, the time-energy uncertainty, proportional to the length of the quantum trajectory, calculated by the exact solution is entirely different from the one obtained by the adiabatic path traced by the instantaneous eigenstate. However, the non-adiabatic Aharonov- Anandan geometric phase, measured by the area enclosed by the exact path, approaches smoothly the adiabatic Berry phase, proportional to the area enclosed by the adiabatic path. The singular limit of the time-energy uncertainty and the regular limit of the geometric phase are associated with the arc length and arc area of the cycloid on a Bloch sphere, respectively. Prolate and curtate cycloids are also traced by different initial states outside and inside of the rolling circle, respectively. The axis trajectory of the rolling circle, parallel to the adiabatic path, is shown to be an example of transitionless driving. The non-adiabatic resonance is visualized by the number of cycloid arcs.
Shedding light on ovothiol biosynthesis in marine metazoans
Authors: Castellano Immacolata , Migliaccio Oriana , D’Aniello Salvatore , Merlino Antonello , Napolitano Alessandra , Palumbo Anna
Published: February 2016

Ovothiol, isolated from marine invertebrate eggs, is considered one of the most powerful antioxidant with potential for drug development. However, its biological functions in marine organisms still represent a matter of debate. In sea urchins, the most accepted view is that ovothiol protects the eggs by the high oxidative burst at fertilization. In this work we address the role of ovothiol during sea urchin development to give new insights on ovothiol biosynthesis in metazoans. The gene involved in ovothiol biosynthesis OvoA was identified in Paracentrotus lividus genome (PlOvoA). PlOvoA embryo expression significantly increased at the pluteus stage and was up-regulated by metals at concentrations mimicking polluted sea-water and by cyclic toxic algal blooms, leading to ovothiol biosynthesis. In silico analyses of the PlOvoA upstream region revealed metal and stress responsive elements. Structural protein models highlighted conserved active site residues likely responsible for ovothiol biosynthesis. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that OvoA evolved in most marine metazoans and was lost in bony vertebrates during the transition from the aquatic to terrestrial environment. These results highlight the crucial role of OvoA in protecting embryos released in seawater from environmental cues, thus allowing the survival under different conditions.
Label-free imaging to study phenotypic behavioural traits of cells in complex co-cultures
Authors: Suman Rakesh , Smith Gabrielle , Hazel Kathryn E. A. , Kasprowicz Richard , Coles Mark , O’Toole Peter , Chawla Sangeeta
Published: February 2016

Time-lapse imaging is a fundamental tool for studying cellular behaviours, however studies of primary cells in complex co-culture environments often requires fluorescent labelling and significant light exposure that can perturb their natural function over time. Here, we describe ptychographic phase imaging that permits prolonged label-free time-lapse imaging of microglia in the presence of neurons and astrocytes, which better resembles in vivo microenvironments. We demonstrate the use of ptychography as an assay to study the phenotypic behaviour of microglial cells in primary neuronal co-cultures through the addition of cyclosporine A, a potent immune-modulator.
The interaction between Staphylococcus aureus SdrD and desmoglein 1 is important for adhesion to host cells
Authors: Askarian Fatemeh , Ajayi Clement , Hanssen Anne-Merethe , van Sorge Nina M. , Pettersen Ingvild , Diep Dzung B. , Sollid Johanna U. E. , Johannessen Mona
Published: February 2016

Staphylococcus aureus is known as a frequent colonizer of the skin and mucosa. Among bacterial factors involved in colonization are adhesins such as the microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). Serine aspartate repeat containing protein D (SdrD) is involved in adhesion to human squamous cells isolated from the nose. Here, we identify Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) as a novel interaction partner for SdrD. Genetic deletion of sdrD in S. aureus NCTC8325-4 through allelic replacement resulted in decreased bacterial adherence to Dsg1- expressing HaCaT cells in vitro. Complementary gain-of-function was demonstrated by heterologous expression of SdrD in Lactococcus lactis, which increased adherence to HaCaT cells. Also ectopic expression of Dsg1 in HEK293 cells resulted in increased adherence of S. aureus NCTC8325-4 in vitro. Increased adherence of NCTC8325-4, compared to NCTC8325-4ΔsdrD, to the recombinant immobilized Dsg1 demonstrated direct interaction between SdrD and Dsg1. Specificity of SdrD interaction with Dsg1 was further verified using flow cytometry and confirmed binding of recombinant SdrD to HaCaT cells expressing Dsg1 on their surface. These data demonstrate that Dsg1 is a host ligand for SdrD.
Societal Burden and Correlates of Acute Gastroenteritis in Families with Preschool Children
Authors: Mughini-Gras Lapo , Pijnacker Roan , Heusinkveld Moniek , Enserink Remko , Zuidema Rody , Duizer Erwin , Kortbeek Titia , van Pelt Wilfrid
Published: February 2016

Gastrointestinal infection morbidity remains high amongst preschool children in developed countries. We investigated the societal burden (incidence, healthcare utilization, and productivity loss) and correlates of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in families with preschoolers. Monthly for 25 months, 2000 families reported AGE symptoms and related care, productivity loss, and risk exposures for one preschooler and one parent. Amongst 8768 child-parent pairs enrolled, 7.3% parents and 17.4% children experienced AGE (0.95 episodes/parent-year and 2.25 episodes/child-year). Healthcare utilization was 18.3% (children) and 8.6% (parents), with 1.6% children hospitalized. Work absenteeism was 55.6% (median 1.5 days) and day-care absenteeism was 26.2% (median 1 day). Besides chronic enteropathies, antacid use, non-breastfeeding, and toddling age, risk factors for childhood AGE were having developmental disabilities, parental occupation in healthcare, multiple siblings, single-parent families, and ≤12-month day-care attendance. Risk factors for parental AGE were female gender, having multiple or developmentally-disabled day-care-attending children, antimicrobial use, and poor food-handling practices. Parents of AGE-affected children had a concurrent 4-fold increased AGE risk. We concluded that AGE-causing agents spread widely in families with preschool children, causing high healthcare-seeking behaviours and productivity losses. Modifiable risk factors provide targets for AGE-reducing initiatives. Children may acquire some immunity to AGE after one year of day-care attendance.
Sesquiterpene emissions from Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum: Effects of age, nutrient availability and co-cultivation
Authors: Weikl Fabian , Ghirardo Andrea , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter , Pritsch Karin
Published: February 2016

Alternaria alternata is one of the most studied fungi to date because of its impact on human life – from plant pathogenicity to allergenicity. However, its sesquiterpene emissions have not been systematically explored. Alternaria regularly co-occurs with Fusarium fungi, which are common plant pathogens, on withering plants. We analyzed the diversity and determined the absolute quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspace above mycelial cultures of A. alternata and Fusarium oxysporum under different conditions (nutrient rich and poor, single cultures and co-cultivation) and at different mycelial ages. Using stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we observed A. alternata to strongly emit sesquiterpenes, particularly during the early growth stages, while emissions from F. oxysporum consistently remained comparatively low. The emission profile characterizing A. alternata comprised over 20 sesquiterpenes with few effects from nutrient quality and age on the overall emission profile. Co-cultivation with F. oxysporum resulted in reduced amounts of VOCs emitted from A. alternata although its profile remained similar. Both fungi showed distinct emission profiles, rendering them suitable biomarkers for growth-detection of their phylotype in ambient air. The study highlights the importance of thorough and quantitative evaluations of fungal emissions of volatile infochemicals such as sesquiterpenes.
The Transcriptional Landscape of the Photosynthetic Model Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803
Authors: Hernández-Prieto Miguel A. , Semeniuk Trudi Ann , Giner-Lamia Joaquín , Futschik Matthias E.
Published: February 2016

Cyanobacteria exhibit a great capacity to adapt to different environmental conditions through changes in gene expression. Although this plasticity has been extensively studied in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a detailed analysis of the coordinated transcriptional adaption across varying conditions is lacking. Here, we report a meta-analysis of 756 individual microarray measurements conducted in 37 independent studies-the most comprehensive study of the Synechocystis transcriptome to date. Using stringent statistical evaluation, we characterized the coordinated adaptation of Synechocystis’ gene expression on systems level. Evaluation of the data revealed that the photosynthetic apparatus is subjected to greater changes in expression than other cellular components. Nevertheless, network analyses indicated a significant degree of transcriptional coordination of photosynthesis and various metabolic processes, and revealed the tight co-regulation of components of photosystems I, II and phycobilisomes. Detailed inspection of the integrated data led to the discovery a variety of regulatory patterns and novel putative photosynthetic genes. Intriguingly, global clustering analyses suggested contrasting transcriptional response of metabolic and regulatory genes stress to conditions. The integrated Synechocystis transcriptome can be accessed and interactively analyzed via the CyanoEXpress website (http://cyanoexpress.sysbiolab.eu).
Bias-polarity-dependent resistance switching in W/SiO2/Pt and W/SiO2/Si/Pt structures
Authors: Jiang Hao , Li Xiang Yuan , Chen Ran , Shao Xing Long , Yoon Jung Ho , Hu Xiwen , Hwang Cheol Seong , Zhao Jinshi
Published: February 2016

SiO2is the most significantly used insulator layer in semiconductor devices. Its functionality was recently extended to resistance switching random access memory, where the defective SiO2played an active role as the resistance switching (RS) layer. In this report, the bias-polarity-dependent RS behaviours in the top electrode W-sputtered SiO2-bottom electrode Pt (W/SiO2/Pt) structure were examined based on the current-voltage (I-V) sweep. When the memory cell was electroformed with a negative bias applied to the W electrode, the memory cell showed a typical electronic switching mechanism with a resistance ratio of ~100 and high reliability. For electroforming with opposite bias polarity, typical ionic-defect-mediated (conducting filament) RS was observed with lower reliability. Such distinctive RS mechanisms depending on the electroforming-bias polarity could be further confirmed using the light illumination study. Devices with similar electrode structures with a thin intervening Si layer between the SiO2and Pt electrode, to improve the RS film morphology (root-mean-squared roughness of ~1.7 nm), were also fabricated. Their RS performances were almost identical to that of the single-layer SiO2sample with very high roughness (root-mean-squared roughness of ~10 nm), suggesting that the reported RS behaviours were inherent to the material property.
Supramolecular Controlled Cargo Release via Near Infrared Tunable Cucurbit[7]uril-Gold Nanostars
Authors: Han Yanwei , Yang Xiran , Liu Yingzhu , Ai Qiushuang , Liu Simin , Sun Chunyan , Liang Feng
Published: February 2016

The near infrared (NIR) absorption and average particle size of gold nanostars (GNSs) can be precisely controlled by varying the molar ratios of cucurbit[7]urils (CB[7]) and GNSs in aqueous solution. GNSs modified with CB[7] achieved high cargo loading with thermally activated release upon the NIR laser irradiation.
Fishing-induced life-history changes degrade and destabilize harvested ecosystems
Authors: Kuparinen Anna , Boit Alice , Valdovinos Fernanda S. , Lassaux Hélène , Martinez Neo D.
Published: February 2016

Fishing is widely known to magnify fluctuations in targeted populations. These fluctuations are correlated with population shifts towards young, small, and more quickly maturing individuals. However, the existence and nature of the mechanistic basis for these correlations and their potential ecosystem impacts remain highly uncertain. Here, we elucidate this basis and associated impacts by showing how fishing can increase fluctuations in fishes and their ecosystem, particularly when coupled with decreasing body sizes and advancing maturation characteristic of the life-history changes induced by fishing. More specifically, using an empirically parameterized network model of a well-studied lake ecosystem, we show how fishing may both increase fluctuations in fish abundances and also, when accompanied by decreasing body size of adults, further decrease fish abundance and increase temporal variability of fishes’ food resources and their ecosystem. In contrast, advanced maturation has relatively little effect except to increase variability in juvenile populations. Our findings illustrate how different mechanisms underlying life-history changes that may arise as evolutionary responses to intensive, size-selective fishing can rapidly and continuously destabilize and degrade ecosystems even after fishing has ceased. This research helps better predict how life-history changes may reduce fishes’ resilience to fishing and ecosystems’ resistance to environmental variations.
Dietary sugar intake increases liver tumor incidence in female mice
Authors: Healy Marin E. , Lahiri Sujoy , Hargett Stefan R. , Chow Jenny D.Y. , Byrne Frances L. , Breen David S. , Kenwood Brandon M. , Taddeo Evan P. , Lackner Carolin , Caldwell Stephen H. , Hoehn Kyle L.
Published: February 2016

Overnutrition can promote liver cancer in mice and humans that have liver damage caused by alcohol, viruses, or carcinogens. However, the mechanism linking diet to increased liver tumorigenesis remains unclear in the context of whether tumorigenesis is secondary to obesity, or whether nutrients like sugar or fat drive tumorigenesis independent of obesity. In male mice, liver tumor burden was recently found to correlate with sugar intake, independent of dietary fat intake and obesity. However, females are less susceptible to developing liver cancer than males and it remains unclear how nutrition affects tumorigenesis in females. Herein, female mice were exposed to the liver carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and fed diets with well-defined sugar and fat content. Mice fed diets with high sugar content had the greatest liver tumor incidence while dietary fat intake was not associated with tumorigenesis. Diet-induced postprandial hyperglycemia and fasting hyperinsulinemia significantly correlated with tumor incidence, while tumor incidence was not associated with obesity and obesity-related disorders including liver steatosis, glucose intolerance, or elevated serum levels of estrogen, ALT and lipids. These results simplify the pathophysiology of diet-induced liver tumorigenesis by focusing attention on the role of sugar metabolism and reducing emphasis on the complex milieu associated with obesity.
Engineering of soybean mosaic virus as a versatile tool for studying protein–protein interactions in soybean
Authors: Seo Jang-Kyun , Choi Hong-Soo , Kim Kook-Hyung
Published: February 2016

Transient gene expression approaches are valuable tools for rapid introduction of genes of interest and characterization of their functions in plants. Although agroinfiltration is the most effectively and routinely used method for transient expression of multiple genes in various plant species, this approach has been largely unsuccessful in soybean. In this study, we engineered soybean mosaic virus (SMV) as a dual-gene delivery vector to simultaneously deliver and express two genes in soybean cells. We further show the application of the SMV-based dual vector for a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay to visualize in vivo protein–protein interactions in soybean and for a co-immunoprecipitation assay to identify cellular proteins interacting with SMV helper component protease. This approach provides a rapid and cost-effective tool for transient introduction of multiple traits into soybean and for in vivo characterization of the soybean cellular protein interaction network.
Aqueous solvation of amphiphilic molecules by extended depolarized light scattering: the case of trimethylamine-N-oxide
Authors: Comez L. , Paolantoni M. , Corezzi S. , Lupi L. , Sassi P. , Morresi A. , Fioretto D.
Published: February 2016

Extended depolarized light scattering probes the solvation dynamics of small amphiphiles.
The role of conserved Cys residues in Brassica rapa auxin amidohydrolase: Cys139 is crucial for the enzyme activity and Cys320 regulates enzyme stability
Authors: Smolko Ana , Šupljika Filip , Martinčić Jelena , Jajčanin-Jozić Nina , Grabar-Branilović Marina , Tomić Sanja , Ludwig-Müller Jutta , Piantanida Ivo , Salopek-Sondi Branka
Published: February 2016

In this work, the role of two conserved Cys residues of Brassica rapa auxin amidohydrolase (BrILL2) has been examined by using interdisciplinary approach and methods of molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics and molecular modelling.
Elucidation of adsorption processes at the surface of Pt(331) model electrocatalysts in acidic aqueous media
Authors: Pohl Marcus D. , Colic Viktor , Scieszka Daniel , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: February 2016

The Pt(331) surface has long been known to be the most active pure metal electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media.
The cholesterol aided micelle to vesicle transition of a cationic gemini surfactant (14-4-14) in aqueous medium
Authors: Mondal Sonali , Pan Animesh , Das Sibani , Moulik Satya Priya , Ghosh Soumen
Published: February 2016

Cholesterol aided micelle to vesicle transition of cationic gemini surfactant (14-4-14) in solution has been investigated.
Mechanical properties and chemical resistance of electrospun polyterafluoroethylene fibres
Authors: Feng Yan , Xiong Tianrou , Jiang Shaohua , Liu Shuwu , Hou Haoqing
Published: February 2016

A very small addition of PEO during electrospinning led to fibrous PTFE membranes with excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance.
Correction: Preparation and evaluation of nanocellulose–gold nanoparticle nanocomposites for SERS applications
Authors: Wei Haoran , Rodriguez Katia , Renneckar Scott , Leng Weinan , Vikesland Peter J.
Published: February 2016

Correction for ‘Preparation and evaluation of nanocellulose–gold nanoparticle nanocomposites for SERS applications’ by Haoran Wei, et al., Analyst, 2015, 140, 5640–5649.
Why does Togni's reagent I exist in the high-energy hypervalent iodine form? Re-evaluation of benziodoxole based hypervalent iodine reagents
Authors: Sun Tian-Yu , Wang Xiao , Geng Hao , Xie Yaoming , Wu Yun-Dong , Zhang Xinhao , Schaefer III Henry F.
Published: February 2016

For Togni's reagent I, the high energy barrier could prevent it from converting to its ether isomer. This might be one reason why it exists in the high-energy hypervalent iodine form.
Fast and highly efficient SO2 capture by TMG immobilized on hierarchical micro–meso–macroporous AlPO-5/cordierite honeycomb ceramic materials
Authors: Xu Jin , Zha Xiaoling , Wu Yumei , Ke Qingping , Yu Weifang
Published: February 2016

An in situ method was used to develop an adsorbent with highly selective SO2 capacity, enhanced adsorption rate and negligible pressure drop.
Direct polymerization of levulinic acid via Ugi multicomponent reaction
Authors: Hartweg Manuel , Becer C. Remzi
Published: February 2016

Novel polyamide structures with lactam rings along the backbone have been formedviaUgi reaction using levulinic acid.
Efficient formation of nitriles in the vapor-phase catalytic dehydration of aldoximes
Authors: Sun Daolai , Kitamura Eisyun , Yamada Yasuhiro , Sato Satoshi
Published: February 2016

Nitriles were efficiently produced in a vapor-phase dehydration of aldoximes over SiO2 catalysts without external heat supply.
Correction: Large-scale synthesis of soluble graphitic hollow carbon nanorods with tunable photoluminescence for the selective fluorescent detection of DNA
Authors: Tripathi Kumud Malika , Sonker Amit Kumar , Bhati Anshu , Bhuyan Jagannath , Singh Anupriya , Singh Ajay , Sarkar Sabyasachi , Sonkar Sumit Kumar
Published: February 2016

Correction for ‘Large-scale synthesis of soluble graphitic hollow carbon nanorods with tunable photoluminescence for the selective fluorescent detection of DNA’ by Kumud Malika Tripathi et al., New J. Chem., 2016, 40, 1571–1579.
A solution to achieve good reusability of MNPs Fe3O4-supported (S)-diphenylprolinoltrimethylsilyl ether catalysts in asymmetric Michael reactions
Authors: Wu Tao , Feng Dandan , Xie Bing , Ma Xuebing
Published: February 2016

A PVP-modified MNPs Fe3O4-supported Jøgensen–Hayashi catalyst to achieved good reusability with high yields and unchangeable excellent stereoselectivities in the asymmetric Michael addition of propanal to nitroalkenes.
Cognitive two‐way relaying using orthogonal channelisation: spectrum partition, subchannel permutation, and power allocation
Authors: Li Yong , Wang Tingting , Lu Na
Published: February 2016

In cognitive radio networks, primary users can share some licensed spectrums with secondary users in exchange for cooperation. In this study, an overlay scenario is investigated where a secondary node provides two‐way relaying service to a pair of primary users and thus is allowed to transmit its own messages by using some licensed spectrums. Orthogonal channelisation is assumed for the two‐way relay channel to form a number of parallel subchannels. Hence, the licensed spectrums can be partitioned between primary and secondary signals transmitted by the relay in the broadcast phase. Moreover, subchannels in the two phases of two‐way relaying can be permutated to further improve performance. The authors seek to maximise achievable data rate of secondary transmission subject to data rate requirements of the two primary users under individual power constraints. The joint spectrum partition, subchannel permutation, and power allocation problem is formulated into a mixed combinatorial programming problem, which is then transformed into a solvable form and finally yield an asymptotically optimal solution through dual decomposition method. They further prove that the solution to the relaxed problem is exactly the same as that to the original problem. Numerical results demonstrate performance gain of the proposed algorithm.
Optimal control for Itô‐stochastic systems with multiple input and output delays
Authors: Kong Shulan , Chen Wen
Published: February 2016

This study is focused on the quadratic optimal control problem with partial information for the Itô‐stochastic systems with multiple delayed inputs and outputs. Stochastic analysis and calculus of Itô‐type stochastic variables are the main tools for the analysis and design. Applying a cost‐value function, solvable conditions of the problem are provided and a new linear least‐mean‐square estimation problem, which is caused by the original problem, is also established. Through solving stochastic equations using the non‐singularity of transition matrices, observations with free delays are obtained, then an optimal solution of the linear least‐mean‐square estimation problem is presented. Based on a couple of stochastic Riccati equations associated to estimation(filter) and control problems, an explicit and analytical output‐feedback controller develop. The key technique is to pursue the felicitous value function to rebuild the new estimation problem and derive the controller via the interplay between the original problem and the filtering problem.
Specific features of the glass transition in C60 fullerite saturated with carbon monoxide molecules: Photoluminescence studies
Authors: Zinoviev P. V. , Zoryansky V. N. , Stetsenko Yu. E. , Danchuk V. V.
Published: February 2016

Low temperature (20–230 K) spectral-luminescence studies were conducted on C60 fullerite saturated with carbon monoxide in a physisorption regime. Substantial changes in the photoluminescence characteristics of C60–CO solutions with different impurity concentrations were found already for short intercalation times. Strong dependence of the CO solubility on the saturation temperature was revealed by analyzing the contribution of “deep X-traps” to the luminescence. Furthermore, it was found that filling of the octahedral voids by CO molecules occurs with a lower gradient of the impurity distribution into the bulk C60 crystals as compared with N2. The temperature dependences of the integral emission intensity for the samples with different concentrations of carbon monoxide were studied. For the first time, using the spectral-luminescence method, it was revealed that CO molecules, in contrast to H2 and N2, exhibit a significant effect on the formation of the orientational glass and the rotational dynamics of C60 molecules. Within the model of the transfer of electronic excitation in C60 crystals, the effect of polar CO molecules on the reorientation of C60 molecules and the change in the nature of their rotation in concentrated C60–CO solutions, leading to the observed strong shift of the temperatures of orientational Tc and glass Tg transitions to lower temperatures accompanied by “blurring” of the transition boundaries, were explained.
The ℤ2 index of disordered topological insulators with time reversal symmetry
Authors: Katsura Hosho , Koma Tohru
Published: February 2016

We study disordered topological insulators with time reversal symmetry. Relying on the noncommutative index theorem which relates the Chern number to the projection onto the Fermi sea and the magnetic flux operator, we give a precise definition of the ℤ2 index which is a noncommutative analogue of the Atiyah-Singer ℤ2 index. We prove that the noncommutative ℤ2 index is robust against any time reversal symmetric perturbation including disorder potentials as long as the spectral gap at the Fermi level does not close.
Non-contact ultrasonic acquisition of femtosecond laser-driven ablative Mbar-level shock waves on Ti alloy surface
Authors: Ageev E. I. , Kudryashov S. I. , Nikonorov N. V. , Nuryev R. K. , Petrov A. A. , Samokhvalov A. A. , Veiko V. P.
Published: February 2016

Mbar-level ablative plume pressures, produced by single-shot femtosecond laser ablation of a dry Ti alloy surface and driving shock waves in air and in the solid target, were characterized using non-contact broad-band ultrasonic measurements. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal the resulting shock-wave induced sub-GPa residual compressive stresses over multi-micrometer depths inside the target, indicating GPa-level residual compressive stresses on its surface.
Dislocation mechanisms of low-temperature internal friction in nanostructured materials
Authors: Natsik V. D. , Semerenko Yu. A.
Published: February 2016

A new method of statistically describing the dislocation component of low-temperature internal friction in nanostructured materials. The latter term is applied to ultrafine polycrystals with high density intragranular and grain boundary dislocations, the lines of which are divided into nanometer-scale fragments (dislocation relaxants) with random geometrical and energy parameters. The resonant interaction of elastic vibrations and thermally activated excitations of such relaxators are examined, and the maxima caused by these relaxators along the internal friction temperature dependence are analyzed. It is shown that at low temperatures, the shape of the peaks and the region of their localization along the temperature axis are largely determined by the dispersion of the relaxator activation energy. An algorithm is written in order to analyze the internal friction recorded in the experiment, allowing us to identify the physical model corresponding to the relaxator, and obtain empirical estimates of its parameters.
Biomimetic microchannels of planar reactors for optimized photocatalytic efficiency of water purification
Authors: Liao Wuxia , Wang Ning , Wang Taisheng , Xu Jia , Han Xudong , Liu Zhenyu , Zhang Xuming , Yu Weixing
Published: February 2016

This paper reports a biomimetic design of microchannels in the planar reactors with the aim to optimize the photocatalytic efficiency of water purification. Inspired from biology, a bifurcated microchannel has been designed based on the Murray's law to connect to the reaction chamber for photocatalytic reaction. The microchannels are designed to have a constant depth of 50 μm but variable aspect ratios ranging from 0.015 to 0.125. To prove its effectiveness for photocatalytic water purification, the biomimetic planar reactors have been tested and compared with the non-biomimetic ones, showing an improvement of the degradation efficiency by 68%. By employing the finite element method, the flow process of the designed microchannel reactors has been simulated and analyzed. It is found that the biomimetic design owns a larger flow velocity fluctuation than that of the non-biomimetic one, which in turn results in a faster photocatalytic reaction speed. Such a biomimetic design paves the way for the design of more efficient planar reactors and may also find applications in other microfluidic systems that involve the use of microchannels.