bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rice autophagy gene OsATG8b is involved in nitrogen remobilization and grain quality
Authors: Fan Tian , Yang Wu , Zeng Xuan , Xu Xinlan , Xu Yanling , Fan Xiaorong , Luo Ming , Tian Changen , Xia Kuaifei , Zhang Mingyong
Published: August 2019

Background: Enhancing nitrogen (N) use efficiency is a potential way of reducing excessive nitrogen application and increasing yield. Autophagy is a conservde degradation system in the evolution of eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in plant development and stress response. Autophagic cores are two conjugation pathways that attach ATG8 to PE and ATG5 to ATG12, which then help with vesicle elongation and enclosure. Rice has six ATG8 genes, which have not been functionally confirmed so far.
Results: Autophagy activity of OsATG8b was confirmed through the complementation of the yeast autophagy defective mutant scatg8 and by observation of autophagosome formation in rice. The autophagy activity is higher in OsATG8b-OE lines and lower in OsATG8b-RNAi than that in ZH11. 15N pulse-chase analysis revealed that OsATG8b-OE plants conferred higher N recycling efficiency to grains, while OsATG8b-RNAi transgenic plants exhibited lower N recycling efficiency and poorer grain quality.
Conclusion: Autophagic role of OsATG8b was experimentally confirmed and OsATG8b-mediated autophagy is involved in N recycling to grains and contributes to the grain quality, indicating OsATG8b may be a potential gene for molecular breeding and cultivation of rice.
Risk factors for pancreatic fistula following distal pancreatectomy: a retrospective study of 211 consecutive patients
Authors: Shen Jian , Zhang Yushun , Hu Jin , Wei Ruozheng , Wu Heshui
Published: August 2019

Background
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a common complication following distal pancreatectomy (DP). Although the mortality from these procedures has decreased in the past decades, the rate of POPF remains high. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with POPF after DP.
Methods
A retrospective review of a consecutive series of 211 patients who had undergone DP between January 2016 and October 2018 at a single institution was conducted. Patient demographic data, perioperative data and clinicopathological parameters were analysed to evaluate their correlation with the incidence of POPF using univariate and multivariate models. POPFs were defined by 2016 International Study Group criteria.
Results
Two hundred eleven consecutive patients were identified. The overall pancreatic fistula rate was 15.64%, and no 30-day or 90-day mortality was seen. Four predictors were independently associated with POPF: soft pancreatic texture (odds ratio (OR): 4.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71-10.45, P = 0.002), longer operating time (OR: 4.18, 95% CI: 1.67–10.46, P = 0.002), higher difference of albumin (OR: 6.41, 95% CI: 2.40–17.08, P <0.001), and history of cardiovascular disease(OR: 5.05, 95% CI: 1.97-13.01, P = 0.001).
Conclusions
Although DP can be performed with a low rate of mortality, POPF remains a common complication. Pancreatic texture, operating time, the difference of albumin and cardiovascular disease were risk factors for POPF after DP.
Comparative analysis of ChIP-exo peak-callers: impact of data quality, read duplication and binding subtypes
Authors: Sharma Vasudha , MAJUMDAR Sharmistha
Published: August 2019

Background: ChIP (Chromatin immunoprecipitation)-exo has emerged as an important and versatile improvement over conventional ChIP-seq as it reduces the level of noise, maps the transcription factor (TF) binding location in a very precise manner, upto single base-pair resolution, and enables binding mode prediction. Availability of numerous peak-callers for analyzing ChIP-exo reads has motivated the need to assess their performance and report which tool executes reasonably well for the task.
Results: This study has focussed on comparing peak-callers that report direct binding events with those that report indirect binding events. The effect of strandedness of reads and duplication of data on the performance of peak-callers has been investigated. The number of peaks reported by each peak-caller is compared followed by a comparison of the annotated motifs present in the reported peaks. The significance of peaks is assessed based on the presence of a motif in top peaks. Indirect binding tools have been compared on the basis of their ability to identify annotated motifs and predict mode of protein-DNA interaction.
Conclusion: By studying the output of the peak-callers investigated in this study, it is concluded that the tools that use self-learning algorithms, i.e. the tools that estimate all the essential parameters from the aligned reads, perform better than the algorithms which require formation of peak-pairs. The latest tools that account for indirect binding of TFs appear to be an upgrade over the available tools, as they are able to reveal valuable information about the mode of binding in addition to direct binding. Furthermore, the quality of ChIP-exo reads have important consequences on the output of data analysis.
Service provision for depressed children and youth: a survey of program managers in Ontario
Authors: Watson Priya , Mehra Kamna , Hawke Lisa D , Henderson Joanna
Published: August 2019

Background

The worldwide prevalence of depressive disorders among children and youth has been reported in ranges from just under 3% to over 10%. In Canada, 7% of youth report past year depression, which is higher than any other age demographic. Yet, many of these youth do not receive evidence based interventions, increasing their risk for serious lifetime consequences. To better understand low service use, it is crucial to map and evaluate current services. This study aimed to determine the scope and nature of services available to depressed children and youth, and compare services to best evidence treatment guidelines.

Methods

Several government and non-government resources were utilized to develop a new multi-sectoral database of depression services for children and youth across Ontario. An online survey was sent to program managers serving children/youth with depression, examining agency characteristics, populations served, services provided, patterns of service use, evaluation activities, and research priorities.

Results

413 agencies with 869 program managers participated, representing mental health, addictions and other sectors. Age groups served included children up to 12 years of age (31%), adolescents aged 13-17 (70%) and transition aged youth (18-25 years) (81%). Over half of respondents worked in the mental health (43.4%) or mental health and addiction (24.4%) sectors. The most frequently provided services were assessment, psychotherapy, case management, and psychoeducation; the most common types of psychotherapy provided included cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, and solution-focused therapy. Psychotherapies are offered in widely varying formats, frequencies and durations. Discontinuation rates varied, with higher discontinuation among transition aged youth as compared to children. Respondents identified effective treatment, improving access, and reducing service gaps as top future research priorities.

Conclusions

This study provides important new data on service provision and uptake for depressed children and youth. Comparing these results with best-evidence practice guidelines raises significant concerns about the services most commonly offered and their delivery formats. In addition, high early discontinuation rates raise questions about the service experiences of children, youth and their families. Other factors which may contribute to ongoing treatment engagement challenges include access barriers, service or client characteristics, and unintentional treatment impacts.
The impact of an orthogeriatric intervention in patients with fragility fractures: A cohort study
Authors: Abrahamsen Charlotte , Nørgaard Birgitte , Draborg Eva , Nielsen Morten Frost
Published: August 2019

Background:
While orthogeriatric care to patients with hip fractures is established, the impact of similar intervention in patients with fragility fractures in general is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of an orthogeriatric intervention on postoperative complications and readmissions among patients admitted due to and surgically treated for fragility fractures.

Methods:
A prospective observational cohort study with a retrospective control was designed. A new orthogeriatric unit for acute patients of sixty-five years or older with fragility fractures in terms of hip, vertebral or appendicular fractures was opened on March 1, 2014. Patients were excluded if the fracture was cancer-related or caused by high-energy trauma, if the patient was operated on at another hospital, treated conservatively with no operation, or had been readmitted within the last month due to fracture-related complications.

Results:
We included 591 patients; 170 in the historical cohort and 421 in the orthogeriatric cohort. No significant differences were found between the two cohorts with regard to the proportion of participants experiencing complications (24.5% versus 28.3%, p = 0.36) or readmission within 30 days after discharge (14.1% vs 12.1%, p = 0.5). With both cohorts collapsed and adjusting for age, gender and CCI, the odds of having postoperative complications as a hip fracture patient was 4.45, compared to patients with an appendicular fracture (p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with complications during admission were at a higher risk of readmission within 30 days than were patients without complications (22.3% vs 9.5%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
In older patients admitted with fragility fractures, our model of orthogeriatric care showed no significant differences regarding postoperative complications or readmissions compared to the traditional care. However, we found significantly higher odds of having postoperative complications among patients admitted with a hip fracture compared to other fragility fractures. Additionally, our study reveals an increased risk of being readmitted within 30 days for patients with postoperative complications.
Predictive Role of Psychosocial Factors in Older Adults Life Satisfaction
Authors: Papi Shahab , Cheraghi Maria
Published: August 2019

Background: The older adults are a part of society whose population is increasing as science progresses and health conditions improve. Social, psychological and behavioral factors will be influenced on life satisfaction in older adults. We aimed to predictive role of psychosocial factors in life satisfaction older adults. Methods: It was a descriptive-analytical study which has conducted on 679 older adults through convenience sampling from Qom city during 2018. The data were collected using demographic characteristics, life satisfaction, well-being, cognitive status, social support, and daily activities of life. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean and standard deviation of older adults age was 70.43 ± 7.62 years. The mean life satisfaction score was 13.77 ± 3.73. The results showed a significant relationship between job and education with life satisfaction (P <0.001). The results also showed that social support (P= 0.001) and daily activities (P= 0.017) significantly predict the level of life satisfaction, and the dimensions of health (P= 0.001) and cognitive status (P= 0.007) have a larger share in predicting the satisfaction of older adults life. Conclusion: We found that some parts of life changes in older adults can be predicted with the help of social support, health status, cognitive status, and everyday life activities. Therefore, in order to increase the level of satisfaction of older adults life, it is suggested that the field of promotion of social support, health status, and cognitive status be provided.
Enhanced quantitative urine culture technique, a slight modification, in detecting under-diagnosed pediatric urinary tract infection
Authors: Thapaliya Januka , Khadka Priyatam , Thapa Shovana , Gongal Chenu
Published: August 2019

Objectives
The pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) often remains under-diagnosed or neglected owing to non-specific clinical presentations, patient failing to describe the actual situation, and of clinical practice in diagnosis—relying upon on in-vitro culture report. The study was aimed to determine the etiologies of UTI in children with enhanced quantitative urine culture technique (EQUC).
Results
Of 570 urine samples, the significant bacterial growth detected: 16.14% with EQUC, and12.8% with standard urine culture protocol. 20.6% causative isolates to UTI, as detected, with EQUC, missed on standard urine culture (SUC) technique. The age group, in range 1-4 years, was more prone to the infection, where E. coli was the commonest pathogen. EQUC detected the etiologies—MDR, XDR, and ESBL producers; as reported: “no growth” with the SUC technique. 69 E. coli isolates grown with EQUC technique when subjected to susceptibility testing: 46% were ESBL producer, 56.5% were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 1.4% found extensive drug-resistant (XDR). However, with SUC technique: 40.5% ESBL, 44% MDR but no XDR detected. Hence a simple modification on culture protocol could be a crucial modification for the detection of etiologies contributing UTI, and to reduce inapt antimicrobial burden.
Keywords UTI, EQUC, uropathogens, children, ESBL, MDR, XDR
Environmental Parameters Affecting the Concentration of Iodine in New Zealand Pasture
Authors: Jensen Hayley , Orth Barbara , Reiser Rene , Bürge Diane , Lehto Niklas J. , Almond Peter , Gaw Sally , Thomson Barbara , Lilburne Linda , Robinson Brett
Published: August 2019

Iodine (I) is an essential trace element commonly deficient in agricultural systems. Whereas there is much information on I in food crops, there is a lacuna of knowledge on the environmental factors that affect pasture I concentrations. We aimed to identify the most important environmental factors affecting the concentration of I in New Zealand pastures, and the consequences to agricultural systems. Soil and pastoral samples were collected throughout the country and analyzed for I and other elements. The soils contained 1.1 to 86 mg I kg−1, with 0.005 to 1.4 mg kg−1 in the pasture. In 26% of pastures, I concentrations were insufficient for sheep nutrition, whereas 87% contained insufficient I for cattle nutrition. Pasture I concentrations were negatively correlated with the distance from the sea, and the concentration of oxalate‐extractable amorphous Al, Fe, and Si oxides, which immobilize soil I. Soil organic C and clay increased I retention in soil but did not significantly affect pasture I concentrations. Future work should investigate how soil properties affect pasture I uptake in inland areas.

Core Ideas

87% of New Zealand pastures contained insufficient iodine for cattle.

Pasture I levels are higher close to the sea.

Pasture I levels are lower in soil that is high in Fe and Al (oxyhydr)oxides.
Methane Emissions from Estuarine Coastal Wetlands: Implications for Global Change Effect
Authors: Liu Lijie , Wang Dongqi , Chen Shu , Yu Zhongjie , Xu Yunkai , Li Yu , Ge Zhenming , Chen Zhenlou
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

We investigated estuarine environmental factors on CH4 flux from two vegetation communities.

Warming significantly affected on CH4 emission from the Phragmites australis community.

There was a significant correlation between CH4 flux and water level in both communities.

Salinity significantly affects CH4 emissions from the Phragmites australis community.

The interaction between temperature and water level was the most important factor controlling CH4 flux.

Global warming, rising sea levels, and saltwater intrusion interact to affect carbon cycling, specifically methane (CH4) flux in estuarine coastal wetlands. In the present study, Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora communities in the intertidal zone of the Yangtze estuary were selected for investigating CH4 flux under different temperature (natural/warming), water level (high/low), and salinity (0, 5, 15, and 30‰) conditions. The average CH4 flux (from April to October 2016) under natural conditions was 141.0 ± 21.5 and 502.8 ± 65.3 μmol m−2 h−1 for P. australis and S. alterniflora communities, respectively. Warming had a particularly pronounced effect on CH4 emissions from the P. australis community and increased CH4 flux by 130%. There was a significant correlation between CH4 flux and water level; at high water levels, CH4 flux was 2.64‐ and 3.78‐fold higher in P. australis and S. alterniflora communities, respectively. Salinity had a significant pronounced effect on CH4 emissions from the P. australis community, and there was a clear order (5‰ > 15‰ > 0‰ > 30‰) in CH4 flux. The interaction between temperature and water level was the most important factor controlling CH4 flux from wetlands; CH4 emissions were greater at higher temperature and higher water levels. However, at low water level, the effect of salinity was more prominent. The results suggest that CH4 flux from estuarine wetlands could be further enhanced in the future under the influence of rising sea levels due to global warming.
Farklı Donatı Oranlarına Sahip Düzenli Kare Boşluklu Betonarme Kirişlerin Eğilme Davranışları
Authors: KALKAN İlker , KAHRAMAN Ebru , BAŞARAN Boğaçhan
Published: August 2019

Sıhhi tesisat, elektrik tesisatı ve mekanik tesisat için kullanılan borular, kablolar, kanallar ve iletim hatları, yapı içinde kapladıkları hacim dolayısıyla hem kullanım açısından hem de görsel açıdan bazı sorunlara yol açar. Bu sorunların aşılması için kullanılan en etkili çözüm yolu, iletim hatlarının kiriş içine önceden veya sonradan açılan boşluklardan geçirilmesidir. Ancak, bu boşluklar kirişin eğilme rijitliğini azaltmakta, kiriş göçme tipini değiştirmekte ve kullanılabilirlik sınır durumlarını daha kritik hale getirmektedir. Açıklığı boyunca sadece bir tane veya her yarı açıklığında bir adet gövde boşluğu bulunduran betonarme kiriş davranışının incelendiği geçmiş çalışmaların aksine, mevcut çalışmada açıklığı boyunca çok sayıda düzenli kare gövde boşluğuna sahip betonarme kirişlerin eğilme davranışları incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, oluşturulan boşluklu kiriş sonlu eleman modellerinin analiz sonuçları literatürdeki deney sonuçları ile kıyaslanarak, nümerik analiz sonuçlarının gerçek sonuçlara yakınlığı irdelenmiştir. Nümerik ve deneysel sonuçların yakın uyumunun görülmesi üzerine, çekme donatı oranının düzenli kare boşluklu kiriş eğilme davranışı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada özellikle kiriş eğilme rijitliği ve kullanım yükü sehimleri incelenmiş ve boşluklu kirişlerde boyuna donatı oranı arttıkça kullanım yükü sehimlerinin arttığı, fakat yönetmelik üst sınırının altında kaldığı belirlenmiştir.
Türkiye Sürüngen Faunasının Endemizm Durumu
Authors: ILGAZ Çetin
Published: August 2019

Endemik türler, yalnızca bir coğrafi bölgede bulunan ve bir ülkenin doğal mirasının önemli bir parçası olan türlerdir. Türkiye'de 19 tanesi endemik olan 139 sürüngen türü mevcuttur. Söz konusu türlerin 9 tanesi kertenkele, 10 tanesi ise yılan grubuna dahildir. Sürüngen endemikleri, Türkiye'deki toplam reptil türlerin %13.7'sini oluşturmuştur. Bugüne kadar bilinen endemik türler on cins ve beş familyaya dahildir. Lacertidae familyası 8 endemik tür içerir (endemik türlerin %42.1). Bilinen endemik türlerin tamamı, 2018 verilerine göre IUCN Kırmızı Liste’de koruma statüsüne sahiptir. Ekolojik bölgeler arasında, Doğu Akdeniz kozalaklı-sklerofilik geniş yapraklı orman bölgesi en fazla endemik (8 tür, %42.1) tür içermektedir. Fitocoğrafik bölgeler içerisinde en fazla endemik tür İran-Turan bölgesi içerisinde yer almaktadır (11 tür, %57.9).
The Response of CO2 Flux to Soil Warming, Manure Application and Soil Salinity
Authors: ALTIKAT Sefa , KUCUKERDEM Hasan Kaan , ALTIKAT Aysun
Published: August 2019

In this research effect of different soil types (normal and saline), farmyard manure norms (2 ton/ha - 4 ton/ha), manure application techniques (surface and subsurface) and soil temperature levels (20-25°C, 25-30°C, 30-35°C, 35-40°C, 40-45°C and 45-50°C) were examined of the soil CO2 flux on the pots at the laboratory conditions. According to obtained results, soil type (ST), manure norm (MN), manure application technique (MAT) and soil temperature (T) values changed CO2 flux. CO2 flux value of saline soil condition smaller than the normal soil condition. As an expected result, increased the manure amount increased the CO2 flux from soil to atmosphere. However, CO2 flux on the condition that subsurface manure application was less than surface manure application. CO2 flux values at the high soil temperatures were more than low soil temperature conditions. According to the interaction (T*ST, T*MN and T*MAT) results were not statistically significant. Soil CO2 flux were affected by gradually increasing of temperature.
Bor Çözeltilerinden Kimyasal Çöktürmeyle Bor Giderimi
Authors: SELİMOĞLU Veysel , BONCUKCUOĞLU Recep
Published: August 2019

Bor ve bileĢikleri belirli konsantrasyonların üzerinde çevrede toksik etkiye sahip olacağından endüstriyel atıksulardan alıcı ortama deĢarj edilmeden giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Günümüzde birçok araĢtırmacı tarafından çeĢitli fizikokimyasal yöntemlerle bor gideriminin mümkün olduğu ortaya konmuĢtur. Bu yöntem ile borun, inorganik bir tuz olan Ca(OH)2 ile kimyasal yöntemle çöktürülmesi suretiyle bor iĢleyen endüstri atıksularından giderimine çalıĢılmıĢtır. Denemelerde pH, bor konsantrasyonu, Ca(OH)2 miktarı ve sıcaklık parametre olarak kullanılmıĢtır. Sonuç olarak, optimum pH için konsantrasyon, sıcaklık ve Ca(OH)2 miktarının artırılması ile %98’e varan oranda bor giderimi sağlanmıĢtır. Yöntemde ortamda bulunan borun bir kısmının kimyasal olarak kalsiyum borata dönüĢtürülerek bir kısmının da oluĢan kalsiyum sülfatla birlikte çöktürülerek giderildiği düĢünülmektedir.
Yonca Hortumlu Böceği, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)’nın Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri
Authors: GÖZÜAÇIK Celalettin , İREÇ Abdullah
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışma, 2014-2016 yıllarında Iğdır ili Aralık ilçesi yonca alanlarında, yoncada önemli ekonomik zarara yol açan Yonca hortumlu böceği, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)'nın doğada bazı biyolojik özelliklerini belirlemek için ele alınmıştır. H. postica’nın yumurta, larva, pupa ve ergin dönemleri ile çiftleşme, yazlama ve kışlama davranışlarını izlemek amacıyla şubat-temmuz arası 3-5 günde bir temmuz- şubat arası 7-14 günde bir olmak üzere periyodik olarak sürdürülmüştür. Çalışmaların sonucunda, dişilerin kasım ayında yonca saplarına yumurta bıraktıkları, kışı hem yumurta hemde ergin dönemde geçirdikleri, şubat ayının ortalarından itibaren ortalama sıcaklık 9 °C’nin üzerinde olduğu dönemde erginlerin tarla içine tekrar göç ettikleri ve çiftleştikleri ve yumurta bırakmaya başladıkları tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, sonbaharda bırakılan yumurtalardan mart ayının başlarında larva çıkışlarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ortalama sıcaklığın 16.5 °C olduğu nisan ayının ortalarında pupa dönemine girdikleri, mayısın ilk haftasında yeni nesil erginlerin görülmeye başladığı tespit edilmiştir. İlkbaharda bırakılan yumurtalardan larva çıkışları nisan ayı ortalarına kadar devam etmiş, haziran ayının başlarında yoncada ilk biçim yapılmış ve haziran ayının son haftasına kadar tarla içindeki larva, pupa ve yeni nesil ergin bulunmuştur. Ortalama sıcaklık ≥28 °C olduğu temmuz - ağustos aylarında erginlerin tarla kenarındaki gölgelik alanlarda kurumuş bitki artıklarının altında ve toprağın 5-10 cm derinliğinde yazlamaya geçtiği ve yazlamanın eylül ayı ortalarına kadar sürdüğü tespit edilmiştir. Erginlerin şubat-haziran ve kasım dönemlerinde aktif, haziran-ekimde yazlama ve aralık-martta kışlama döneminde oldukları görülmüştür. Böceğin Iğdır koşullarında yılda 1 nesil verdiği anlaşılmıştır.
Trace Element Analysis in Some Plants Species by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES)
Authors: YENER İsmail
Published: August 2019

In this study, the whole parts of eight edible and medicinal species (Alcea rosea, Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. albidus, Euphorbia gaillardotii, Euphorbia macroclada, Hypericum triquetrifolium, Kickxia lanigera, Malvella sherardiana and Mentha longifolia subsp. noeana were determined for their trace element (Al, As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Se) contents using ICP-OES. Before the whole plant parts were analyzed by ICP-OES, the porcelain crucibles were ashed and dissolved by adding concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The accuracy of the method was assessed by NCS ZC73014 Tea Leaves. The trace element contents obtained from each samples were compared. Calibration curves had good linearity in the concentration ranges 0.05–1.5 mg L-1 for whole elements worked. Since correlation coefficient (R) values were found above 0.9997, the linear range was considered acceptable. When the studied species are compared in terms of their metal contents; Cd (0.41±0.02 mg kg-1) and Cu (13.9±0.9 mg kg-1) metals in Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. albidus, B (22.4±1.6 mg kg-1) metal in Euphorbia macroclada, Se (0.26±0.01 mg kg-1) metal in Hypericum triquetrifolium Al (1424±109 mg kg-1), Cr (4.8±0.2 mg kg-1), Fe (980±67 mg kg-1) Mn (44.6±2.4 mg kg-1) Ni (7.5±0.3 mg kg-1) and Pb (1.15±0.1 mg kg-1) metals in Malvella sherardiana, As (0.62±0.02 mg kg-1) metals in Mentha longifolia subsp. noeana were determined higher. While the toxic element (As and Pb) content of the studied species is low compared to WHO, Cd and Cr contents in some species are found to be high to WHO.
The Synthesis of Thiosemicarbazone-Based Aza-Ylides as Inhibitors of Rat Erythrocyte Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Enzyme
Authors: TEMEL Yusuf , BAYINDIR Sinan
Published: August 2019

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme plays an important role in various biochemical processes such as synthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, sphingosine, steroid hormones, NADPH, some amino acids and ribose 5-phosphate. In this study, thiosemicarbazone-based aza-ylide (TSCAs) derivatives 3a-3e, which form the main framework of many drugs such as thioacetazone, ambazone, and perchlozone, were synthesized with a green approach and in vitro inhibitor or activator effects on G6PD enzyme activity was investigated. As a result of studies, TSCAs derivatives 3a-3d inhibited the G6PD enzyme activity with IC50 in the range of 40.77 μM to 58.0 μM for G6PD.
Iğdır İli Kayısı Yetiştiriciliğinde Enerji Kullanımı
Authors: ALTIKAT Sefa , TEMİZ Şeyda
Published: August 2019

Tarımsal üretim aşamasında girdilerin belirlenerek enerji kullanım etkinliğinin belirlenmesi sürdürülebilir tarımın önemli bileşenlerinden biridir. Üretim periyodundaki enerji kullanım analizleri ile üretimin ekonomik sonuçlarını değerlendirilmek ve tarımda sürdürülebilirliği devam ettirmek amacıyla gerekli önlemleri almak mümkün hale gelmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı Iğdır ili Aralık ilçesinde yapılan kayısı yetiştiriciliğinde üretim periyodu sürecindeki enerji bilançosunu belirlenmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilçe genelinde tam sayım yöntemi kullanılarak 50 üreticiden anket yoluyla bilgiler temin edilmiş ve hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre il genelinde yapılan kayısı yetiştiriciliğinde toplam enerji girdisi 22 485.9 MJ ha-1, enerji çıktısı ise 48 600 MJ ha-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Üretim sonunda enerji girdi/çıktı oranı ise 1.91 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Buna ilaveten kayısı üretiminde en fazla enerji girdisi %39.88 ile kimyasal gübre kullanımı sonucunda oluşmaktadır. Bunu %28.8 ile dizel yakıt ve % 14.71 ile pestisit kullanım takip etmektedir. Bu sonuçlara ilaveten üreticilerin en çok zorlandığı konuların başında aşılama ve budama işlemlerinin geldiği belirlenmiştir. Özellikle bölgede uzman aşıcıların bulunmaması bu konuda üreticileri çıkmaza sokmaktadır. Sonuç olarak Iğdır ilinde yapılan kayısı yetiştiriciliğinde kimyasal gübre ve ilaç kullanımının makul düzeylere çekilmesi, özellikle hasat aşamasında mekanizasyon olanaklarının iyileştirilmesi ve sulama işlemenin damla sulama gibi modern tekniklerle yapılması enerji girdilerinin azalmasına büyük ölçüde katkıda bulunacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Effect of Antioxidants as Preservatives in the Outer and Inner Shells of Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus)
Authors: IŞIK Mesut
Published: August 2019

Watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) that are known to be beneficial to human health are widely consumed. The study was performed out to investigate the phytochemical components, free radical scavenging activities and nutritive contents of the outer and inner shells of C. lanatus. For this purpose, the study was determined the total flavonoid/phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract prepared from outer and inner shells. The antioxidant activity was determined by in vitro experimental method, such as CUPRAC, DPPH, FRAP and potassium thiocyanate method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in outer and inner shell of C. lanatus were found to be 40.5 and 32.4 mg GAE g-1 and 12.6 and 5.8 mg QE g-1, respectively. The concentration of ethanol extract obtained from C. Lanatus outer and inner shell (20 μg/mL) has inhibition of maximum lipid peroxidation in rate % 73.2 and % 72.0 respectively compared to that of α-Tokoferol (% 85.3) at the same concentration. As a result, the outer and inner shells have metal reduction capacity and moderate free radical removal activity and also inhibited the lipid peroxidation process. Therefore, C. Lanatus's especially the outer shell may have a natural ingredient that acts as radical scavengers, inhibits or delays the oxidation and prolongs the shelf life of nutrients by delaying the lipid peroxidation.
Farklı Toprak Yönetiminin Toprağın Bazı Fiziksel Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Zülküf , BARİK Kenan
Published: August 2019

Bu araştırma, Diyarbakır ili Çınar ilçesi tarım topraklarının farklı kullanım koşullarının toprağın fiziksel özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla üç farklı şekilde kullanılan (kuru, mera, sulu) tarım alanlarının her birinde 5 örnek olmak üzere toplam 15 noktadan örnek alınmıştır. Toprak örneklerinde tekstür, pH, EC, kireç, organik madde, kütle yoğunluğu, hidrolik iletkenlik ve agregat stabilitesi analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre bölge topraklarının tekstür bakımından ağır bünyeli, organik madde içeriği yönünden toprak işlemeli tarım yapılan kuru ve sulu tarım alanlarından alınan toprak örneklerinde yetersiz, mera alanlarından alınan toprak örneklerinde ise yeterli düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toprak örneklerinin organik madde içeriği, hidrolik iletkenlik ve pH bakımından kuru ve sulu tarım alanları arasında belirgin bir fark bulunmazken, mera alanlarından alınan örnekler arasında önemli farklar bulunmuştur. Toprakların pH değerleri hafif alkalin ve alkalin olup, bilinçsiz gübreleme ve sulama uygulamaları zamanla yöre topraklarında yüksek pH sorunu oluşturabilir. Ayrıca, toprakların kullanım durumları ile porozite, kütle yoğunluğu ve agregat stabilitesi arasında önemli ilişkiler belirlenmiştir.
Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Thiosemicarbazone and Rhodanine derivatives and Their Schottky Diode Applications
Authors: BAYINDIR Sinan , ŞAHİNKAYA Mehmet Akif , ORAK İkram
Published: August 2019

In the present study, organic materials Bis(TSC)-Ph and novel Bis(Rh)-Ph were synthesized and used such as interfacial layer for diode applications. Al/ Bis(TSC)-Ph/p type Si and Al/ Bis(Rh)-Ph/p type Si Schottky diodes were fabricated with spin coating and thermal evaporation methods. The electrical parameters were investigated by using capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G-V) measurements at various frequencies from 30 kHz to 5 Mhz at room temperature. The effect of frequency on device performance was examined and compared with each other. The some basically parameters such as acceptor concentration (Na), interface states (Nss), Fermi level (Ef) and barrier height (𝛷𝐵) were also calculated from C-2-V measurements. According to these results, as expected, it was determined that Bis(Rh)-Ph organic layer, which is containing the rhodanine group, is more suitable than Bis(TSC)-Ph for C-V and G-V performances.
Yb/p-Si Schottky Diyotlarının Elektriksel Karakteristiklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: LAPA Havva Elif , KÖKCE Ali , ÖZDEMİR Ahmet Faruk
Published: August 2019

Yb/p-Si Schottky diyotları termal buharlaştırma yöntemiyle imal edilmiştir. Bu diyotların akım-gerilim (I-V) ve kapasitans-gerilim (C-V) ölçümleri karanlıkta ve oda sıcaklığında alınmıştır. I-V verileri kullanılarak idealite faktörü (n), sıfır-beslem engel yüksekliği (bo) ve seri direnç (Rs) parametreleri hesaplanırken C-2-V karakteristiğinden Fermi enerji seviyesi (EF), alıcı atomların yoğunluğu (NA) ve engel yüksekliği [Фb(C-V)] gibi bazı elektriksel parametreler hesaplanmıştır. Doğru beslem I-V karakteristiklerinden n değeri 1.59 olarak hesaplanırken bo değeri 0.75 eV olarak hesaplanmıştır. C-2-V karakteristiğinden EF, NA ve Фb(C-V) değerleri, sırasıyla, 0.15 eV, 5.27×1015 cm-3 ve 0.67 eV olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, n, Фb ve Rs değerleri Cheung ve Norde fonksiyonlarından da elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Yb/p-Si Schottky diyotlarının düşük sızıntı akımına, iyi bir doğrultma oranına ve yüksek engel yüksekliğine sahip olması, Yb’un kaliteli Schottky diyot elde etmek için cazip bir element olduğunu göstermiştir.
Investigation of Dissolution Kinetics of Tincal Mineral in Ammonium Acetate Solution in High Solid / Liquid Ratios
Authors: NAS Mehmet Salih , YILDIZ Adnan
Published: August 2019

The chemical formula of tincal mineral used in this study is Na20-2B203-10H20. The tincal ore, one of the important boron minerals, is extracted around Eskişehir in Turkey. Herein, we investigated the kinetics of dissolution in different parameters such as concentration, particle size, solid / liquid ratio, mixing speed and reaction temperature in the ammonium acetate solution of tincal mineral. As a result, boric acid production obtained by dissolution of tincal mineral in amunium acetate solution increased with temperature increase. However, in the dissolution process, boric acid production was found to be reduced by the increase in particle size and solid-liquid ratio.
Türkiye Florasındaki C2 Karesi İçin Yeni Kare Kayıtları
Authors: AKBAŞ KENAN , AKTAŞ AYTEPE HEDİYE , VAROL Ömer
Published: August 2019

Araştırma alanları Türkiye’nin güneybatısında Muğla ili sınırları içerisinde bulunmaktadır. Bitki türleri Liquidambar orientalis ormanları, Bencik dağı ve Bozburun Yarımadası’ndan 2010-2015 yılları arasında toplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye florasında C2 karesine ait 21 bitki takson yeni kayıt olarak verilmektedir. Belirlenen bitki taksonlarından, %38’i Akdeniz elementi, %9’u Avrupa-Sibirya elementi ve %10’u İran-Turan elementidir. Ayrıca, taksonların %43’inin ya geniş yayılışlı ya da fitocoğrafik bölgesi bilinmemektedir.
Van İli Trafik Kaynaklı Hava Kirleticilerinin Emisyon Envanteri
Authors: YAKIN Ahmet , BEHÇET Rasim
Published: August 2019

Teknolojideki ilerlemeler, insanların yaşamlarına birçok kolaylık sunarken diğer yandan insanların ortak kullanım alanı olan çevrede geri getirilmesi zor, hatta imkânsız olan tahribatlara yol açmaktadır. Çevre kirliliği, birçok faktörden oluşmasına rağmen, çevreye en fazla zarar veren faktörlerin başında; taşıt kaynaklı çevre kirliliği gelmektedir. İçten yanmalı motorlardan kaynaklanan hava kirleticilerinin belirlenmesi, insan sağlığı ve çevreye olan olumsuz etkilerinden dolayı büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Van ilini çevreleyen yollarda taşıt sayımları yapılarak trafik yoğunluğu belirlenmiştir. Trafik kaynaklı hava kirleticilerinin (CO, NOx, PM, VOC) “EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook” emisyon faktörleri kullanılarak, emisyon envanteri çıkarılmıştır. Böylece Van iline etki eden emisyon miktarları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarından elde edilen verilere göre atmosfere verilen toplam emisyon miktarları içindeki CO miktarı 442.78 ton yıl-1, NOx miktarı 83.01 ton yıl-1, PM miktarı 8.01 ton yıl-1 ve VOC miktarı 70.41 ton yıl-1 şeklinde yaklaşık olarak bulunmuştur. Önlem alınmadığı takdirde ildeki kirlilik canlıların hayatını olumsuz yönde etkileyerek çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerinde telafi edilemeyecek sonuçlar meydana getirmesi muhtemeldir.
Ayvalık (Balıkesir/Turkey) Dune Plant Diversity, Threatening Factors and Solution Proposals
Authors: SATIL Fatih , TÜMEN Gülendam , SELVİ Selami
Published: August 2019

Ayvalık and its environs are unique due to its coastal structure and natural beauties, and particularly the islands belonging to Ayvalık makes up the most important resource values. This study was carried out to determine the plant diversity in the coastal dunes of Ayvalık and its surroundings, to present the threat factors and to offer solutions. The study was conducted between 2016-2017. For this purpose; floristic and ecological observations were made in four seasons. As a result of floristic studies; 88 genera and 115 taxa belonging to 32 families were determined. Fabaceae (15 taxa), Asteraceae (14 taxa) and Amaranthaceae (8 taxa) families are dominant in the flora of the region. The most common taxa in dune areas are; Matthiola tricuspidata, Malcolmia flexuosa, Salicornia emericii, Cakile maritima, Anthemis rigida, A. tomentosa, Halimione portulacoides, Plantago coronopus subsp. commutata, Trifolium subterraneum, Eryngium maritimum, Allium sphaerocephalon and Euphorbia paralias. The role of human factors is particularly notable in a significant part of the coastal dunes in the region. Beach arrangements in dune areas, secondary housing construction in coastal areas, sand extraction from coasts, tourism, wetland drying and fires threaten dune habitats and plant species in the region. Especially due to the extensive use of the coastal areas and beach arrangements; The habitats of Sea daffodil (Pancratium maritimum) and Narcissus (Narcissus tazetta) have been greatly damaged. Moreover, the fact that P. maritimum bulbs were collected by the people there greatly reduced the populations of this species. It also is given solution proposals for protection of dune plants.
Reliable Mircohotplate Design for High temperature Gas Sensing and IR Source
Authors: GÖKTAŞ Hasan
Published: August 2019

While Microhotplates (MHPs) keeps very important place in many critical applications such as high temperature gas sensing and building IR source, they still suffer from short term reliability due to high thermal stress at relatively high temperatures. Here we demonstrate low thermal stress design at high temperatures by combining the advantages of spring type structure and compatible materials in terms of thermal expansion constant. FEM results demonstrated that, the main mechanism behind achieving low thermal stress is using compatible materials. A low thermal stress of 180 MPa at 2119 K was achieved by using SiN/Polysilicon/SiN stack with a spring type design via FEM tool. The response time required to reach 2076 K was calculated as 200 ms with 3.47mW power consumption.
Stereolitrografi ile 3B Basılabilir Nanokil Takviyeli Polimer Yapıların Mekanik Karakterizasyonu
Authors: SARAÇ Mehmet , MERT Merve , BÜLBÜL İremnur , AKTİTİZ İsmail , SAYGI YALÇIN Berrin , VAROL Remzı
Published: August 2019

3-Boyutlu (3B) basılabilir polimerik yapılar, mevcut geleneksel yöntemlerle üretilen parçalardan daha düşük mekanik özelliklere sahiptir. UV-ışınları ve devamında uygulanan ısıl işlem adımları sırasında polimer zincirleri arasında reçine çapraz bağlanmasına rağmen, 3B polimerik yapılar üzerinde yüksek uzama ve daha fazla süneklik arzu edilen seviyelerde değildir. Son yıllarda silika, alümina, zirkonya ve çok duvarlı karbon nanotüp, grafen vb. gibi takviye malzemeleri mekanik özellikleri geliştirmek için örnek çalışmalar olmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada, fotoduyarlı reçinede yüksek dispersiyon ve homojenlik sağlayan amin ve silan fonksiyonel grubu içeren montmorillonit nanokiller, dört farklı (katkısız, %0.25, %0.5 ve %1) konsantrasyonda hazırlanmıştır. 3B lazer stereolitografi yazıcı kullanılarak test numuneleri (çekme testi, dinamik mekanik analiz (DMA) ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM)) basılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, nanokil konsantrasyonunu arttırarak, polimerik yapılar mekanik dayanımının katkısız polimer yapılara nazaran arttığı görülmektedir. Sadece %1 nanokil konsantrasyonda nanokiller arasında görülen topaklaşma nedeni ile %0.5 nanokil ilavesine kıyasla mekanik dayanımın daha düşük çıktığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca nanokilin yalıtkan özelliğinden dolayı termal stabilitenin nanokil ilavesi ile beraber kademeli olarak azaldığı da görülmüştür.
Vivendo com HIV/AIDS: estudo da ocorrência de discriminação nos serviços de saúde
Authors: Lelis Ricardo Takeda , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Garbin Artênio José Ísper , Soares Gabriella Barreto
Published: August 2019

Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida, Discriminação, Pacientes, Soropositividade para o HIV, Bioética
The Design and Application of Nanomaterials as Drug Carriers in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Hou Jia , Sun Xiaoyan , Huang Ying , Yang Shaohua , Liu Junjie , Feng Changhao , Ma Jun , Chen Bin
Published: August 2019

The development of new medical cancer treatment technologies is of great significance in
reducing cancer mortality. Traditional clinical cancer therapy has a short drug action time, difficulty
in accurately targeting tumour tissues and high levels of toxicity in normal tissues. With the development
of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been used as drug carriers to specifically target cancer
cells and release drugs into the tumour environment. This technique has become an important
research hotspot in cancer treatment. There are several advantages of using nanomaterials for cancer
treatment that improve the efficacy of drug delivery, including increased drug concentrations in the
targeted tumour area, reduced toxicity in normal tissues and controlled drug release. In this work,
we describe the latest research development on the use of nanomaterials for drug delivery in cancer
treatment and explore related mechanistic pathways. In addition, the methods used to control drug
release into the targeted area using nanocarriers are reviewed in detail. Overall, we present current
achievements using nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in cancer treatment, followed by current
challenges and future prospects.
Translational Theragnosis of Ovarian Cancer: where do we stand?
Authors: Perrone Maria Grazia , Luisi Oreste , De Grassi Anna , Ferorelli Savina , Cormio Gennaro , Scilimati Antonio
Published: August 2019

Background:

Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy, accounting for approximately 220,000 deaths annually worldwide. Despite radical surgery and initial high response rates to platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy, most patients experience a relapse, with a median progression-free survival of only 18 months. Overall survival is approximately 30% at 5 years from the diagnosis. In comparison, patients out from breast cancer are more than 80 % after ten years from the disease discovery. In spite of a large number of published fundamental and applied research, and clinical trials, novel therapies are urgently needed to improve outcomes of the ovarian cancer. The success of new drugs development in ovarian cancer will strongly depend on both fully genomic disease characterization and, then, availability of biomarkers able to identify women likely to benefit from a given new therapy.

Methods:

In this review, the focus is given to describe how complex is the diseases under the simple name of ovarian cancer, in terms of cell tumor types, histotypes, subtypes, and specific gene mutation or differently expressed in the tumor with respect the healthy ovary. The first- and second-line pharmacological treatment clinically used over the last fifty years are also described. Noteworthy achievements in vitro and in vivo tested new drugs are also summarized. Recent literature related to up to date ovarian cancer knowledge, its detection by biomarkers and chemotherapy was searched from several articles on Pubmed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and various Governmental Agencies till April 2019.

Results:

The papers referenced by this review allow a deep analysis of status of the art in the classification of the several types of ovarian cancer, the present knowledge of diagnosis based on biomarkers and imaging techniques, and the therapies developed over the past five decades.

Conclusion:

This review aims at stimulating more multi-disciplinary efforts to identify a panel of novel and more specific biomarkers to be used to screen patients for a very early diagnosis, to have prognosis and therapy efficacy indications. The desired final goal would be to have available tools allowing to reduce the recurrence rate, increase both the disease progression free interval and of course the overall survival at five years from the diagnosis that today is still very low.
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Imaging using 5-Fluoracil Nanoparticles Labeled with Technetium 99 Metastable
Authors: Almeida Junior Julio Cezar de , Helal-Neto Edward , Pinto Suyene R. , Dos Santos Sofia Nascimento , Bernardes Emerson S. , Al-Qahtani Mohammed , Nigro Fiammetta , Alencar Luciana M.R. , Ricci-Junior Eduardo , Santos-Oliveira Ralph
Published: August 2019

Background:

Adenocarcinoma of colon and rectum are one of the most common cancers worldwide,
responsible for over 1,300,000 people diagnosed. Also, they are responsible for metastasis, which leads to death
in less than 5 years.

Methods:

In this study, we developed, characterized, and pre-clinically tested a new nano-radiopharmaceutical
for early and differential detection of adenocarcinoma of colon and rectum.

Results and Conclusion:

Results demonstrated the specificity of the developed nanosystem and the ability to
reach the tumor with very specific targeting. Also, the imaging data support the use of this nano-agent as a nanoimaging-
guided-radiopharmaceutical.
Anti-TNF and Pouch Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis: The Ones who Blame for More Complications?
Authors: Bislenghi G. , Ferrante M. , D’Hoore A.
Published: August 2019

Since the approval in 2005 of anti-TNF drugs for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, concerns have been raised about the potential detrimental effect of these agents on postoperative infectious complications related to pouch surgery. Data on this topic are controversial and mostly derived from retrospective underpowered cohort studies largely affected by relevant bias. Three meta-analyses have been published with contradictory results. Moreover, the correlation between serum levels of infliximab at the time of surgery and the occurrence of septic postoperative complication is far to be proven and remains an answered research question. The construction of an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) as first surgical step in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) refractory to medical treatment seems to be associated with an increased risk of septic complications. Population-based data from the United States show a shift towards stage surgery for patients with refractory UC as a consequence of the widespread use of biological agents and the increased tendency to consider surgery as ultimate resort (step-up approach). In this setting, the classic 3-stage procedure (ileoanal pouch and diversion ileostomy after initial total colectomy) together with the modified 2-stage approach (ileoanal pouch without diversion ileostomy after initial total colectomy) are both effective options. Whether or not a diversion ileostomy could prevent pouch complications at the time of the pouch construction during the second stage of surgery is still a matter of debate. Emerging data seem to claim for increased risk of small bowel obstructions related to the presence of a stoma without proven effect on the prevention of anastomotic leak.