bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personality Disorders and Perinatal Psychiatry: Food for Thoughts from Perinatal Psychiatric Department Experience
Authors: Di Giacomo E. , Colmegna F. , Clerici M.
Published: June 2017

Background

Pregnancy and postpartum are sensitive unique moments in women's life. Perinatal psychiatry is focused on depression and psychosis, but personality issues is often neglected as well as risk factors for personality disorders instead of being considered causative of onset or recrudescence of psychiatric symptoms in perinatal.

Methods

In total, 129 women were referred to perinatal psychiatric department during their pregnancy or postpartum in the last three years. They were administered SCID II, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL). Their interaction with babies was monitored at birth and during follow up. Children's behavioral development is under evaluation through structured tests.

Results

BDI and BAI scored moderate or severe in 31 and 27% of women, EPDS was significant in 36%, while SCID II highlighted 24% of borderline, 17% narcissistic, 4% schizoid, 4% paranoid and 9% obsessive/compulsive PD. Nineteen of them suffered physical abuse during childhood, 26 sexual abuse, 89 emotional neglect and only 15 out of 129 were negative to any kind of abuse during childhood.

Conclusion

Personality disorders appears to influence maternal adjustment to pregnancy and motherhood. Abuses suffered during childhood confirm their role as potential risk factor in personality issues which clearly express their effect in adaptation to change in personal role and in emphatic interactions.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
What do Patients Want? Correlates of Patient Satisfaction and Treatment Engagement
Authors: Gearing R. , Webb A.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Motivation and ability to engage with treatment may deteriorate or falter if a patient is not satisfied with their protocols or provider. Improving patient satisfaction may more effectively strengthen treatment engagement.

Objectives

1) Determining what patients want from their provider relationship; and 2) identifying means for a provider to effectively assess and evaluate patient satisfaction in relation to treatment engagement.

Methods

A systematic review of published meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and literature reviews between 1996 and 2016 was conducted across three databases (Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL). Using variations of the search terms patient; satisfaction; medication, medical and psychiatric treatment; and engagement/adherence, a total of 1667 articles were identified. After removing duplications, 1582 articles were independently screened for eligibility (e.g. conceptual focus, methodological limitations) by two research assistants, resulting in the final inclusion of 50 meta-analysis, systematic review, or literature review articles that focused on predictors or barriers to patient satisfaction and/or predictors or barriers affecting engagement/adherence.

Results

Barriers and predictors of patient satisfaction centered on two fundamental domains:

– relationship with Provider (sub-factors: multicultural competence, shared decision making, communication skills, continuity of care, empathy) and;

– outcomes (sub-factors: therapeutic outcome, patient expectations).

Eight treatment engagement/adherence barrier and predictor domains were identified, specifically treatment regimens; illness beliefs, emotional/cognitive factors; financial and logistic; social support; symptom/illness characteristics; demographics and patient-provider relationship.

Conclusions

Key findings highlight actions psychiatrists and other clinical providers may consider in addressing barriers and highlighting promoters to improve patient satisfaction and overall engagement and adherence.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical Prediction of Suicide Attempt in Schizophrenia Using a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: De Luc V. , Bani Fatemi A. , Hettige N.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Suicide is a major concern for those afflicted by schizophrenia. Identifying patients at the highest risk for future suicide attempts remains a complex problem for psychiatric intervention. Machine learning models allow for the integration of many risk factors in order to build an algorithm that predicts which patients are likely to attempt suicide. Currently, it is unclear how to integrate previously identified risk factors into a clinically relevant predictive tool to estimate the probability of a patient with schizophrenia for attempting suicide.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional assessment on a sample of 345 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Suicide attempters and non-attempters were clearly identified using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) and the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (BSS). We developed two classification algorithms using a regularized regression and random forest model with sociocultural and clinical variables as features to train the models.

Results

Both classification models performed similarly in identifying suicide attempters and non-attempters. Our regularized logistic regression model demonstrated an accuracy of 66% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71, while the random forest model demonstrated 65% accuracy and an AUC of 0.67.

Conclusion

Machine learning algorithms offer a relatively successful method for incorporating many clinical features to predict individuals at risk for future suicide attempts. Increased performance of these models using clinically relevant variables offers the potential to facilitate early treatment and intervention to prevent future suicide attempts.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Gynecological symptoms in somatization disorder
Authors: Calahorro C.M. , Guerrero Jiménez M. , Girela Serrano B.M.
Published: June 2017

Background

Medically unexplained symptoms are common in ambulatory medical patients. Such disorders are consistently more prevalent in women than in men and occurs up to 10 times more frequently in women.

Main objective

To review published literature about gynecological symptoms related to somatic disorder and which percentage of these patients diagnosed as Somatoform Disorder are referred from gynecologist consultations.

Methods

We present the case of a 31-year-old woman diagnosed of a somatic symptom disorder whose first consultation was gynecological. She is referred to Mental Health Unit from Primary Care Center because of having been referred to five different specialists and been diagnosed as “functional somatic syndromes” in all cases. She started a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and attended a relaxation group during two months with good recovery afterwards.

She is asymptomatic nowadays and has not been visited by any other specialist.

Conclusions

Women report more intense, numerous, frequent bodily symptoms than men. This difference appears in samples of medical patients and in community samples, whether or not gynecologic and reproductive symptoms are excluded, and whether all bodily symptoms or only those, which are medically unexplained are examined.

Women may be more aware of and more attentive to weak or diffuse bodily stimuli, which men do not perceive, and some studies suggest that women have greater bodily vigilance and awareness.

This could result from the experiences of menstruation, menopause, pregnancy, and lactation which all serve to repeatedly call women's attention to their anatomy and physiology and to sensitize them to bodily changes.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The effectiveness of teaching positive psychology on dysfunctional attitudes and emotional self-regulation of withdrawing addicts
Authors: Ghahari S. , Farhanghi Z. , Gheytarani B.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Negative attitudes and the inability of emotion regulation can make individuals vulnerable against addiction. In this field, the main objective of this study is to investigate effectiveness of teaching positive psychology on dysfunctional attitudes and emotional self-regulation of withdrawing addicts.

Methods

This study is conducted using semi-empirical method in form of pretest posttest. Statistical population consists of all addicted people referred to Addiction Treatment Camps of Karaj by 2015. Among these camps, Vardavard Camp is selected randomly and among the referees, 30 people of those who were qualified to participate in this study and were satisfied for this action were selected and were placed in two experimental and control groups. Experimental group received positive psychology intervention and control group was in waiting list. Both groups fulfilled dysfunctional attitude scale and emotional self-regulation scale in baseline and after treatment. Obtained data have been analyzed using independent t-test and covariance in SPSS-22.

Finding

There is significant difference between two groups at the end of intervention in terms of dysfunctional attitudes and emotional self-regulation (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Teaching positive psychology can lead to change in dysfunctional attitudes and emotional self-regulation of addicted people.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A mixed approach: Posttraumatic obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Landera Rodríguez R. , Gómez Revuelta M. , Juncal Ruíz M. , Porta Olivares O. , Martín Gutiérrez R. , Sánchez Blanco L. , Abejas Díez D. , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Fernández Rodríguez M. , Giraldo Vegas L.A.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Several studies along the last two decades provide information indicating the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The particular features described in patients who developed OCD symptoms closely after the onset of PTSD, may suggest the existence of a specific subtype of OCD more likely to be suffered after a traumatic event. The few studies focused on evaluating treatment efficacy for the association between OCD and PTSD seem to predict poor response to pharmacologic or behavioral cognitive (BCT) monotherapy.

Objectives

Despite the evidence, most widely used guidelines propose the employment of either a psychotherapeutic or psychopharmacologic approach. We propose to combine intensive BCT and serotonin profile antidepressants in order to optimize PTSD-OCD subtype.

Material and methods

We present two detailed case reports offering the results of combining intensive BCT and serotonin profile antidepressants as soon as the comorbid diagnosis for both disorders was established. These two patients were recruited from outpatient care centers.

Results

Our limited experience supplied promising outcome results. Significant improvement regarding to functional impairment appeared from early stages of the treatment in both patients.

Discussion

Despite logistic difficulties, an intensive and coordinated psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic approach might constitute another treatment choice which may be taken into account in those cases monotherapy fails to reduce PTSD-OCD subtype patients’ impairment.

Conclusions

A mixed treatment approach might be taken into account as a first line treatment in PTSD-OCD disorder.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Is the use of long-acting injectable antipsychotic extended in the outpatient treatment of bipolar disorder? A brief description
Authors: Niell L. , Rodríguez J. , Baena R.A. , Alberdi-Paramo I. , Montero G. , Tenorio M.M. , Pereira M. , Sanz R. , Gomez-Merino P. , De Vicente F. , Carrillo A.
Published: June 2017

Aims

Obtain and analyze information on treatment guidelines, with particular emphasis on the use of antipsychotics, in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder I and bipolar disorder II who are treated at a mental health center in a district of Madrid (Spain) under the conditions of habitual clinical practice.

Then, compare with recently published literature.

Methods

We performed a descriptive study of a sample of 100 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (type I and type II) at any stage of the disease who receive regular treatment in a mental health center in a district of Madrid. Information regarding the treatment used, especially the use of antipsychotics (either in a single therapy or in combination with other drugs such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants, hypnotics or anxiolytics), was collected retrospectively from the data obtained from the medical record.

Results

Ninety-four percent of patients are taking mood stabilizer treatment (68% lithium, 24% valproate, 1% and 1% carbamazepine and lamotrigine). Four percent take lithium and valproate in combination. Forty-eight percent of patients are taking some antipsychotic (atypical about 90%). Of these, only 10% in injectable form, and 5% take both oral and injectable antipsychotics.

Conclusions

The diminished use of injectable antipsychotics, well below recent publications, draws the attention. You can probably explain this low proportion of injectable medication because we are generally dealing with stable patients with a long-term disorder.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical case: Phelan–McDermid and pharmacological management
Authors: Ballesteros A. , Rosero Á.S. , Inchausti F. , Manrique E. , Sáiz H. , Carlos C. , María Z.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The Phelan–McDermid syndrome is a chromosomal disorder consisting of a selection on chromosome 22q13.3 associated psychiatric and emotional level, behavioral and traits of autism spectrum disorders. During the neurodevelopmental such chromosomal deletion, which associated with haplo insufficiency Shank 3 causes alterations in the synaptogenesis altering the balance of activating and inhibitory transmission. Throughout the various studies, it is considered that this syndrome has a psychiatric disorder bipolar like.

Case presentation

Here, we present s 13-year-old female diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders in childhood and presented regression with catatonia features and behavioral disorders. Interestingly, she presented mutation/microdeletion of the SHANK3 gene, inducing a premature stop codon in exon 21. Different pharmacological treatments (antipsychotics at high doses and benzodiazepines) failed to improve clinical symptoms and lead to multiple adverse events. In contrast, lithium therapy reversed clinical regression, stabilized behavioral symptoms and allowed patients to recover their pre-catatonia level of functioning. After the first menstruation there was a cycling psychiatric worsening with a similar clinical pattern so risperidone as adjunctive therapy. As a result of this, this patient recovered clinical and socio-functional stability.

Conclusions

They are previous cases where there affective and behavioral improvement after use of mood stabilizer molecules such as valproate or lithium. There is also evidence of the benefit of risperidone low to have a beneficial effect on the balance of activatory and inhibitory transmission level doses of NMDA receptors.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mental health promotion and co-evolution appreciation of familiar history: Case study
Authors: Figueiredo M.H. , Claúdia P.D.L. , Moreira F. , Lebreiro M. , Guimarães F.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The developments of familiar therapy allows a systemic (collaborative) approach centered in what functions best in the system, integrating action plans which presupposes a family appreciation concept as a transformer system.

Objectives/aims

Presentation of a family clinical case (X family) in which one of the members is diagnosed with “elective mutism”, this being labelled as a “a family problem” which led to familiar therapy.

Methods

In the therapeutic process we use a number of resources centered in family strengths as strategies directed to the solution and system change. We incorporate an innovating strategy, which we call “differentiated spectularity”, trying to make something different based on therapy concepts centered on solutions. The presentation of exceptions and the use of scales allowed us to monitor the change process.

Results

The strategy materialization, where family members in their family environment saw the film of their latest session in a favourable context for the enlargement of their own vision as a family, allowed change expansion amplifying its complexity. The family members perceive themselves as having a moderate cohesion level, increasing the levels of adaptability, which places the X family in a “balanced” class. The family member with a diagnosis of elective mutism, after six months of family therapy, showed changes in withdrawal, anxiety and shyness behaviour.

Conclusions

Sharing family members different versions allows us to tell the story over and over again. The questioning emerging from the pro-active mirror effect is the core element of the change registered with incidence in the emotional and behaviour domains.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Evaluating the effectiveness of methylphenidate with a combination of magnesium, zinc and calcium for the treatment of patients with ADHD in the city of Zahedan
Authors: Firouzkouhi Moghaddam M. , Heidari Poor A.H. , Khosravi M. , Rakhshani T.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of a combination of magnesium, calcium and zinc as a complementary treatment in a population of the children with ADHD in Zahedan.

Material and method

In this clinical trial, 40 patients with ADHD aged 6 to 12. The simple convenience sampling was done and the patients were randomly divided into two groups of receiving methylphenidate plus magnesium + zinc + calcium, and methylphenidate plus placebo.

Results

The mean severities of the symptoms in the group treated with methylphenidate plus the supplements were 40/4 ± 2/4 before the treatment, and 19/5 ± 6/1 after 8 weeks of treatment (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study shows that zinc, magnesium and calcium supplement is useful in the treatment of ADHD and can be used to treat patients.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sons of mothers with borderline personality disorder: Identifying fostering strategies
Authors: Goretti S. , Sanchéz Sanchéz M.D.C. , Lucas Borja P. , Bautista Riviera G. , Rodríguez Lara M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

There is a higher incidence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in families and offspring of people with the disorder, suggesting that both genetic and environmental factors are vulnerable to the condition that is passed from generation to generation.

Objectives

Identify the parenting strategies used by these mothers as potential targets for psychological intervention.

Method

Literature review of the scientific literature.

Results

The literature shows that mothers with BPD often have very characteristic parenting practices and that they are conditioned by what is inherent to BPD – oscillations between a search for excessive control of the other person for fear of abandonment and neglect behaviors, attachment insecure or disorganized. They are between extremes of over-involvement and lack of involvement with the child, that is, mothers who show themselves in some cold, avoidant and rejecting moments and in others that are excessively demanding, invasive and over-involved with the child, consistently denoting a pattern. Of relationship that goes from one end to the other.

Conclusions

Attachment-based interventions work through corrective experiences in the therapeutic relationship, work on their attachment style, giving the mother an opportunity to reflect on her own childhood experiences with her caregivers and how they led her to Have an insecure or disorganized attachment, while being encouraged to connect these reflections with your current experiences with your child.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms and psychosocial well-being in adolescents – an epidemiological study in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986
Authors: Hurtig T. , Veijola J.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The investigation of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) concept has renewed interest in recent years. Apart from previous studies linking SCT items to ADHD, current research now shows further evidence for the relationship between SCT items and impairment in several domains. Despite it is not a clinical entity, SCT items are often seen in clinical child and adolescent psychiatric populations and, thus, further investigation of these symptoms is clearly needed both in clinical and in community samples.

Objectives

Our aim was to investigate the relations between SCT items and psychiatric symptoms, as well as psychosocial and academic functioning in a large general population sample of adolescents.

Methods

Fifteen-year old adolescents from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 9432) completed a postal questionnaire on their health and well-being with a participation rate of 80%. The questionnaire included the Youth Self Report (YSR) which has the following SCT items: I feel confused or in a fog, I daydream a lot, and, I don’t have much energy, as well as items constructing the subscales depressed/anxious, withdrawn, somatic complains, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, and aggressive behavior.

Preliminary results

Around 8% of adolescents rated themselves above the 90% cut-off in the sum score of SCT items. They also reported more symptoms in all YSR subscales, lower grade marks in academic field, less friends, and lower life satisfaction than adolescents scoring below the 90% cut-off.

Conclusion

SCT may relate to various psychiatric problems and reduced psychosocial well-being.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The synergistic relationship between perceived autonomy and environmental factors in adolescents with prosocial behaviour
Authors: Kammoun W. , Charfi N. , Ben Thabet J. , Mâalej Bouali M. , Zouari N. , Zouari L. , Mâalej M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Perceived autonomy (PA) can be considered as the key mediating variable in promoting intrinsic motivation. Therefore, an environment that encourages autonomy increases intrinsic motivation and leads to continuance intention.

Objectives

The main purpose of this study was to assess the social conditions which give rise to autonomous forms of motivation.

Methods

We led a transversal study, over four months, from June until September 2016. It included 90 adolescents aged 14–20 years and members of voluntary association in Sfax (Tunisia). PA was assessed using the “perceived autonomy in life domains” (PALD) for the life spheres of leisure, interpersonal relationships, school, and general domains.

Results

The average age of participants was 16 (14 to 20 years). The sample was female-dominated (53%). All participants were secondary school pupils. Almost 70% were from a high socioeconomic level and over 60% had parents’ high level of education.

The mean scores of PA ranged from 117 (SD = 4.5) in general domain to 15 (SD = 4.5) in school domain.

There was a significant correlation between PA and parents’ level of education (P = 0.01), parental relationship (P = 0.01), level of family communication (P = 0.00), giving compliments (P = 0.01) and rights in decision-making (P = 0.05). The other factors that significantly enhance PA were having a good network of friends (P = 0.01) and having sports and extracurricular activities (P = 0.03).

Conclusion

The present findings provide additional support for the synergistic relationship between family dynamics and family relationship perceptions and PA, and emphasize the role of parents to encourage autonomy.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Investigating the effectiveness of transactional analysis therapy group on improving parent–child relationship among adolescent girls in Tehran City
Authors: Taheri A. , Zandipour T. , Pourshahriari M. , Nafian Dehkordi M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Adolescence has significant effect on parental relationship. Group therapy in transactional analysis method is an effective method for the treatment program.

Aim

Therefore, in this study, transactional analysis group therapy to improve the quality of parent–child relationship in adolescent female, were used.

Method

The sample was 40 adolescence high school girls were divided randomly into an experimental group and a control group. Both groups responded to measures of parent–child relationships. Eight sessions of one and a half hours, the components of the experimental group was trained in transactional analysis. The results were analyzed using t-test.

Findings

The results showed significant effect of transactional analysis group therapy on parent–child relationship adolescence, compared with the control group.

Results

Transactional analysis in the area of parent–child relationship requires further attention.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A child with Pica. A case presentation
Authors: Ortega Garcia M.D. , Marti Garnica M.V. , Garia Marin S. , Martinez Martinez C. , Gomez Martinez R. , Blanco del Valle P.
Published: June 2017

Description/clinical case

A. is a 10-year-old girl of Moroccan origin appearing in pediatric specialist of A.P repeatedly by unspecific stomachache, nausea and vomiting. After several visits to the same reason for consulting an exploratory interview alone with the patient in that regard that “sometimes when calms nervous scratching the walls and eating them” is performed. The mother says intrafamily difficulties. Information reported by the patient's mother confirms next visit also providing pictures on the wall of your room is returned. Referral to child and adolescent mental health is decided.

Exploration/complementary tests

There is no single test for pica. It is carried out systematic blood, biochemical (iron, zinc, lead…) to assess toxic substances and nutritional levels. Abdominal Rx. Both normal.

Diagnosis

Pica (F98.3).

Differential diagnosis

Ingestion of nutrients can occur in the course of other mental disorders (for example, a pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia), mental retardation, in the Kleine–Levin syndrome… In these cases, should only be established an additional diagnosis of pica if the feeding behavior is sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical attention.

Conclusions

Pica disorder has been studied by pediatricians, gynecologists, dermatologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, nutritionists, anthropologists, etc., which has been interpreted as a conduct disorder, food, mental illness, poverty, hunger… but really the cause it is unknown. Although morbidity and mortality is unknown and difficult to study, include poisonings, parasitosis and surgical abdomen as serious complications. Finally, like all other eating disorders, the overall management of this entity requires the coordinated intervention of various professionals.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Adolescent type outpatient in an addictive behavior unit profile – child and youth
Authors: Ortega Garcia M.D. , Marti Garnica M.V. , Garcia Marin S. , Blanco del Valle P. , Gomez Martinez R. , Lopez Bernal M.A. , Martinez Martinez C.
Published: June 2017

Morbidity and mortality during adolescence is primarily the result of certain risk behaviors. Today, it is observed that early teens contact form with snuff, alcohol and legal drugs and not many of them have a high intake of these substances. Habits such as those mentioned on many occasions not only maintained during adolescence, but the rest of life extend causing major consequences for public health.

Objectives

To know the magnitude and characteristics of the use of legal drugs (alcohol and snuff) and illegal (marijuana, cocaine, heroin, inhalants) in the – adolescent/child – population who come regularly to addictive behavior unit of a rural environment.

Material and methods

Descriptive study of a sample of adolescent patients (n = 30) who came in the past two years to addictive behavior unit. Data collection of such patients is performed by assessing sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, population, education level…), age of onset and type of use of psychoactive substances, and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders.

Results/conclusions

The average age of the adolescent patient is 14.5 years (SD 1.09) with an age of onset in the consumption of toxic 13.6 years (SD 1.03). As for sex, 20% were women. The dropout among adolescents of this sample is 43.3% (SD 1.05). A complete prevalence of marijuana use (100%), and mono-consumers only 10% was observed. Seventy percent of the sample has associated psychiatric disorders and 46.15% in psychiatric family history there; 38.4% up to legal problems are collected.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Body image, food behavior and models esthetic in university students
Authors: Romero Otalvaro A.M. , Munoz-Argel M. , Aguilar-Aruachan C. , Padilla-Vargas Gianina G.
Published: June 2017

A growing host is currently evident in young people all about sports culture where interest in body image and a strong cult of the body whose main purpose in many cases prevails is to achieve aesthetic purposes based body models of society, which may be related to an increase in risk eating behaviors and habits of excessive exercise. This research aims to examine the possible presence of three variables: eating behavior, aesthetics models and body image in male college gym users and nonusers. The variables were evaluated by applying Inventory eating disorder EDI 2, which measures the presence of symptoms associated with eating disorders. The Adonis complex Questionnaire which is used to assess the degree of concern about physical appearance and The Questionnaire Body Influences of Aesthetic Model CIMEC-40 which evaluates the internalization of cultural aesthetic ideals. The sample consists of 50 subjects, aged 18 and 24 years, students from the one University of the city of Monteria – Colombia.

The results indicate that the user group show greater trend scales obsession with thinness and social insecurity than non-users, like greater influence of verbal messages regarding the cultural aesthetic models, however none of the groups expresses serious or pathological concern about body image.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depression episode in a patient with ataxic syndrome (case report)
Authors: Zenelaj B. , Jupe T. , Alikaj V. , Allkoja B. , Kodra V.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The etiologic diagnosis of ataxic syndrome is a challenge itself, requiring a complete history, physical examination, and sometimes neuroimaging, as well as extensive laboratory evaluation but despite that in many cases, the etiology remains uncertain. But in this case report, we are focused on a complication due to this syndrome, depression episode in a patient suffering from an yet unknown etiology of ataxic syndrome.

Case presentation

An 18.5 years old Albanian female visits for the first time the child and adolescent psychiatry clinic suffering from insomnia for at least 3 months, had difficulties in taking care of her personal hygiene, did not communicate to anyone, loss of appetite, spent 2–3 hours crying without reason and depressive humor. She also manifested tremor and gait abnormalities, which according to her medical history a year ago, in Italy she was diagnosed with ataxic syndrome, but the etiology is not yet specified. BECK Depression Inventory at the first presentation scored 47 points. The girl was hospitalized and treated in our clinic.

Conclusion

Patient suffering from ataxic syndrome have many neurologic complication with the passing of the years, but there has been little information or focus on the psychiatric ones and in the literature is described a syndrome called cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome with similar symptoms. In this case, we describe a patient with life-threatening situation due to her mental health condition and by treating the depression we noticed that the neurologic symptoms improved as well.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Profile of side effects on a sample of outpatient treated with long-lasting injection paliperidone (LLIP)
Authors: Martí Garnica V. , Ortega García M.D. , Russo de León J.R. , García Marín S.
Published: June 2017

Aim

Assess the profile of side effects on sample of outpatients treated with long-lasting injection paliperidone LLIP.

Method

Study of a population of 67 patients, 25 people are female and 42 are male. In female sample, more than 52% are diagnosed of Schizophrenia and the majority of female do not refer side effects (88%) and only a little percentage of 12 refer side effects such as amenorrhea (F20), stiffness (F20) and relapse (F25). In male sample, more than 54.7% are diagnosed of Schizophrenia and the majority of male do not refer side effects (80%) and only a little percentage of 20 refer side effects (F70) such fear of injection and sexual dysfunction (F21).

Results and conclusions

In our sample, the number of women diagnosed with schizophrenia have a greater number of side effects respects to men with the same diagnosis. However, it would be important to increase the sample size of women to conduct a comparative study men/women to assess research in this field.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Delusional hyperthyroidism-A case report
Authors: Cotter M. , Domingues S. , Amado I. , Massano R.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Disorders of endocrine function are among the most common etiology of psychiatric illness.

The link between psychosis and hyperthyroidism is still poorly understood. We report an unusual presentation of hyperthyroidism as a psychotic state. Careful history, physical examination, and laboratory investigation, including thyroid function tests, should be part of the assessment of patients with any unexplained acute psychosis to detect this potentially curable disease. In this way, this article analyzes the psychiatric, physical and laboratory findings associated with hyperthyroidism and treatment.

Objectives

To report a case of psychosis in a patient with endocrine disease.

Methods

Clinical records. Research on PubMed and Medscape using the Mesh Terms “hyperthyroidism”, “psychosis” and “thyroid and psychiatric manifestations”.

Results

We present the case of a male patient, previously followed on our ambulatory psychiatric service for drug-induced psychosis. He was hospitalized due to psychotic symptoms, without substance abuse. Inpatient evaluation diagnosed hyperthyroidism. The patient did not present any somatic changes, except for psychosis. The patient was effectively treated with antipsychotics. He was referred to further evaluation and started antithyroid therapy.

Conclusions

Thyroid disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a broad spectrum of psychiatric symptoms. Psychosis is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, ranging between 1–20%. The typical psychosis is reported to simulate manic-depressive psychosis. This association reinforces the need of a careful clinical evaluation in patients presenting with psychosis. Such psychiatric symptoms remit successfully with concomitant administration of antipsychotics and normalization of thyroid levels.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Misophonia and affective disorders: The relationship and clinical perspective
Authors: Erfanian M. , Brout J. Jo , Keshavarz A.
Published: June 2017

Misophonia is characterized by aversive reactivity to repetitive and pattern based auditory stimuli [1]. Misophonic sufferers demonstrate autonomic nervous system arousal, accompanied by heightened emotional distress. Sufferers describe extreme irritation, anger, and aggressive urge with physiological reactions including hypertonia, diaphoresis and tachycardia [2]. Some studies have found comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. However, most of these studies used small samples and few experimental methodologies [3]. This study identifies the possible relationship between misophonia and affective disorders, and any difference between the severity of misophonia in male and female patients. Fifty misophonic patients (female = 25, mean age = 46.28) were evaluated with Amsterdam Misophonia Scale (A-MISO-S) for the diagnosis of misophonia and with the M.I.N.I International Neuropsychiatric Interview for the diagnosis of affective disorders. Among n = 50 misophonic patients, we found major depression (MDD) = 11, melancholic depression = 5, dysthymia = 11, suicidality = 10, manic = 3, panic disorder = 8, agoraphobia = , social phobia = , obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) = 14, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) = 15. Misophonia was associated with MDD (U = 76, P = .001), suicidality (U = 67, P = .001), OCD (U = 115, P = .002) and PTSD (U = 142.5, P = .008). There was an indication of a significant difference between men and women in severity of misophonia (U = 160.5, P = .002). The presence of these varying affective disorders suggests that the sufferers are at high risk for affective disorders. Investigation of the co-morbidity will assist researchers to better understand the nature of the symptoms and how they may be interacting.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence of depression among patients with tuberculosis at Perundurai TB hospital, Tamilnadu–depression, a comorbidity of TB
Authors: Francis D.L.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Tuberculosis is one of India's major public health problems. According to WHO estimates, India has the world's largest tuberculosis epidemic. Many research studies have shown the effects and concerns revolving around TDR-TB especially in India, where social and economic positions are still in progression.

Materials and methods

Seventeen questionnaires were administered to the consented participants regarding the demographic data and awareness, also Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was recorded to analyse the level of depression. The average age was 32.3 years (STD = 12.7), and the age range was from 13 years to 71 years. The data collected was analysed with SPSS 19.

Results

The patients who were in the intensive phase had a considerably higher depression rate (42%) than the patients who were in the continuous phase (22%). However, the variations were not enough for the statistical significance. The patients with TB only (35%) showed a higher depression rate than the patients with TB/HIV (28%).

Conclusion

According to this study, it can be found that the prevalence of depression was lower for patients who were old, female, college educated, married, and earned the highest, compared with their counterparts. Most of these findings might agree with a general perception that social and financial stabilities would provide a less likelihood of being depressed.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Comorbidity of major depressive disorder and personality disorder increase the risk for suicide
Authors: Mihai A. , Mihai M. , Mocan M.S. , Moga C.I. , Nistor E.V. , Mihai A.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Personality disorder (PD) with an associated diagnostic of major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common occurrence, being considered a factor of treatment resistant depression. In this study, we compare two groups of patients’ one group having Major Depressive Episode (MDD) and the other with MDD and PD as comorbidity.

Methods

This is an observational study of all patients admitted with diagnosis of MDD during one month period in an acute psychiatric hospital. Data collection is made using patients files. During one month period a total number of 105 MDD cases were recorded (group A-75 cases with MDD and group B-30 patients with PD and MDD). The diagnosis was recorded in files by a specialist psychiatrist. Data is analyzed using SPSS v.20.

Results

A significant difference is found when comparing age groups, mean age for group A being 60 years and for group B 35 years (P = 0.05). Regarding suicide attempts a higher prevalence is found in Group B (Group A 6.7%, Group B 20%) although with statistical relevance (P = 0.04). Study limitation: small sample size of group B does not allow analysis on different type of personality disorders, length of hospitalisation could be biased by the requirements of assurance company.

Conclusions

The risk of admission is higher at younger age in patients with MDD associated with PD then in MDD alone. The risk of suicide attempts is significantly higher in group of MDD associated with PD.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The mortality gap. Patients with serious mental conditions. Mortality, morbidity and use of health services
Authors: Myklebust L.H. , Wynn R.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Mental illness are among the most prevalent causes of death [1]. Larger population based studies are needed in order to control the high mortality rates for psychiatric patients [2].

Objective

To examine the relationship between psychiatric disease and somatic illness.

Method

Data from health-related databases and registries are cross-matched by social security number for all psychiatric patients in North-Norway for 2008–2016/2017. n = 4000–6000.

(Table 1)

Mortality is considered multifactorial, and risk factors may appear as both direct and indirect causes. A high number of demographic, somatic, psychiatric and service related variables allow the study to control for interactions and confounding associations by multivariate analyses.

Results/planned papers

A case-register study of the comorbidity of mental and somatic disorders in North Norway: Research protocol.

Increased mortality in psychiatric patients: A case-registry study.

Comorbidity of cancer and psychiatric illness: Findings from North Norway.

Cardiovascular disease is prevalent among people suffering from depression and anxiety.

The importance of the use of antipsychotic medication for physical health.

Coercion and general health among psychiatric patients. The importance in continuity of care.

Substance-use among psychiatric patients. Implications for general health and care pathways.

Psychiatric patients use of general practitioner medical treatment.

Table 1

An overview of the information that will be retreived from the registries.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Life is in the air: Inhalated methanol poisoning. A case report
Authors: Morales N.I. Núñez , Revuelta M. Gómez , González G. Montero , Martín M. Zubia , Ayala L. García , Requena C. Martín , Venegas N. Gómez-Coronado Suárez de , Lafuente C. Gómez Sánchez , Arrieta P. Pérez Martínez de , Arrillaga A.M. González-Pinto
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Methanol poisoning is uncommon but potentially lethal. The way of poisoning is usually oral. However, in a small number of cases, inhalated methanol poisoning was described. Most of these occurred among patients suffering a disorder by use of this substance. This type of poisoning has an insidious presentation, that complicates its diagnosis. This poisoning may be lethal. It may produce a chronic and severe affectation of the central nervous system in those who survive to the poisoning. After diagnosis, it is compulsory to act quickly, and it often requires advanced vital support and hemodialysis.

Objectives

Educate the Mental Health professionals about a type of disorder by consumption increasingly more frequent in some cities across Europe. This is a high fatality related poisoning that emergency and general psychiatrists should know as it is increasingly common in Europe.

Methods

We present the case of a 20-year-old patient, treated at the emergency department of our hospital in context of metanol inhalation. The patient regularly attended to our Dual Pathology outpatient unit due to a severe inhalant use disorder. Several stays at the intensive care unit had been recorded and he already presented with severe optic nerve affectation.

Discussion

In recent years there has been an increase in inhalant abuse in Europe, which is still underestimated by our poor knowledge about its potential toxicity.

Conclusion

Inhalated methanol poisoning occurs with a typical presentation, and may appear after suicide trial or overdose. Mental health professional should become aware of its potential lethality to approach properly to these patients.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sun lupus and energy. Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as mania
Authors: Montaño M.J. Gordillo , Perdigues S. Ramos , Rodriguez M.A. Artacho , Latorre S. , Villar C. Merino del , Roy C. Caballero , Torres S.V. Boned , Rincon M. de Amuedo , Llorens P. Torres , Valencia M. Segura
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease that can give neuropsychiatric episodes and systemic manifestations. About 57% of patients with SLE have neuropsychiatric manifestations in the course of their illness, however an initial presentation with neuropsychiatric clinic is rare.

Objective

Describe how patients receiving corticosteroids as part of their treatment can develop mental disorders but not only them.

Method

It will raise grounds with a case: 20-year-old woman recently diagnosed with SLE because of arthritis in his ankle. Treatment was initiated with prednisone 10 mg and chloroquine 200 MG. After 20 days the patient comes to the emergency after episode of turmoil at home with major affective clinical maniform. Presenting fever. The presence of fever downloads the possibility of a psychosis chloroquine or corticosteroids to be a small dose. Treatment was initiated with high doses of prednisone and immunosuppressants. In addition to associating specific anticonvulsant and antipsychotic drugs at usual doses for a manic episode.

Results

Treatment of psychosis in SLE is essentially empirical, and depends on the etiology. It usually responds to the use of high doses of corticosteroids combined with immunosuppressive drugs. Psychosis induced by corticosteroids requires lowering them. It is valid concomitant use of antipsychotics.

Conclusions

The presence of psychotic symptoms in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus forces to distinguish between various etiological possibilities.

Corticosteroids may cause a variety of psychiatric symptoms. And yet, in patients with SLE these syndromes are not always attributable to the use of corticosteroids.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.