bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in habitat suitability and population size of the endangered Przewalski's gazelle
Authors: Liu Tian , Jiang Zhigang , Wang Wei , Wang Guangyao , Song Xiangrong , Xu Aichun , Li Chunlin
Published: September 2022

Habitat loss and degradation is one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity, and understanding the changes in habitat suitability is crucial to wildlife conservation. The Przewalski's gazelle Procapra przewalskii is a rare and endangered ungulate endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Its historical distribution range covered a large area of the western China, but had shrunk to fragmented areas around the Qinghai Lake during the 20th century. Along with global changes and economic development in its range, the gazelle population and habitats may undergo corresponding dynamics, which should be studied comparably in relation to environmental drivers. In this study, we conducted field surveys during two periods, from 2009 to 2011 and from 2020 to 2021, to quantify changes in population size and habitat suitability of Przewalski’s gazelle. We found that the overall population size of the species increased from 1544 to 4078, with declines in some subpopulations. The local population changes could be generally related to changes in habitat suitability which experienced an overall decline but improvement in areas on the northern side of the Qinghai Lake. Among the environmental variables, distance to railways and highways, distance to arable lands, NDVI, and DEM were the key factors affecting habitat suitability of the gazelle. This study provides the first comparative analysis of the population trends and habitat suitability of Przewalski’s gazelle involving all the current distribution areas, thus providing important implications for conserving this endangered species.
How Does Childhood Emotional Maltreatment Affect the Development Trajectory of Adolescent Problem Behaviors? The Mediating Role of Self-compassion
Authors: Sun Zhaoxing , Ding Wan , Li Jiayi , He Ting , Li Weijian , Xie Ruibo
Published: September 2022

Many of the negative consequences suffered by adolescents are largely the result of their problem behavior. In order to clarify the development mechanism of adolescent problem behaviors, this study explored the effect of childhood emotional maltreatment on the developmental trajectory of problem behavior among adolescents and the mediating role of self-compassion. Data were collected from 1,214 Chinese adolescents through electronic questionnaires on childhood emotional maltreatment, self-compassion and problem behaviors in three waves with a six-month interval. This study revealed that childhood emotional maltreatment significantly predicted the development of adolescent problem behaviors. Childhood emotional maltreatment significantly positively predicted the initial level of adolescent problem behaviors and negatively predicted the changing slope of adolescent problem behaviors. Self-compassion played a mediating role between childhood emotional maltreatment and the development of problem behaviors. This provided a new idea for prevention and intervention of adolescent problem behaviors.
Situational Awareness based Operational Reliability of Wind Energy System Incorporating Uncertainties
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Mishra Sudhansu Kumar , Kumar Dusmanta
Published: September 2022

The widespread deployment of wind power generation (WPG) has adversely affected the flexibility and reliability of the power system during the operational period. Variable wind speed leads to the variable generation of wind energy systems (WES), which directly affects the operational reliability. This necessitates assessing WES's situational awareness (SA) to predict the day-ahead operational reliability for effective power system operational planning. The edifice of SA for WES is the monitoring of wind speed and WPG for the perception about the state of WES, comprehension about state dynamics, and consequent prediction of operational reliability. The wind system has been modeled using Simulink and interfaced with dSPACE hardware using a real-time interface (RTI) for real-time validation as well as the implementation of a cloud-based IoT platform for the acquisition of wind speed and WPG for the evaluation of SA. The WES is being represented using a multi-state wind speed model, considering the randomness of wind energy generation. For the prediction of wind speed and wind power for SA based operational reliability, a time series-based non-linear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) artificial neural network (ANN) model is being used for the prediction of wind speed and WPG. The dSPACE-based real-time implementation of WES for the assessment of SA with IoT integration validates the efficacy of the proposed approach for operational planning, incorporating the wind generation infested with uncertainty.
Kynurenic acid blunts A1 astrocyte activation against HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Lun Jingxian , Li Yubin , Gao Xuefeng , Gong Zelong , Chen Xiaoliang , Zou Jinhu , Zhou Chengxing , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhou Bingliang , Huang Pengwei , Cao Hong
Published: September 2022

Despite extensive astrocyte activation in patients suffering from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), little is known about the contribution of astrocytes to HAND neuropathology. Here, we report that the robust activation of neurotoxic astrocytes (A1 astrocytes) in the CNS promotes neuron damage and cognitive deficits in HIV-1 gp120 transgenic mice. Notably, knockout of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) blunts A1 astrocyte responses, ultimately facilitating neuronal and cognitive improvement in the gp120tg mice. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite with α7nAChR inhibitory property, attenuates gp120-induced A1 astrocyte formation through blockade of α7nAChR/JAK2/STAT3 signaling activation. Meanwhile, compared with gp120tg mice, mice fed with tryptophan showed dramatic improvement in cognitive performance, which was related to the inhibition of A1 astrocyte responses. These initial and determinant findings mark a turning point in our understanding of the role of α7nAChR in gp120-mediated A1 astrocyte activation, which opens new opportunities to control neurotoxic astrocyte generation through KYNA and tryptophan administration.
Trace Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Snow Cover of the City of Nizhnevartovsk (Russia)
Authors: Moskovchenko Dmitriy Valerievich , Pozhitkov Roman , Minkina Tatiana , Sushkova Svetlana
Published: September 2022

The city of Nizhnevartovsk is one of the centers of oil production in Western Siberia (Russia). A survey of the contents of trace metals and metalloids (TMMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the snow cover was conducted there. It was aimed to study insoluble particles in the snow where the predominant share of pollutants in urban areas is concentrated. In contrast to the background areas, the deposition of TMMs in Nizhnevartovsk increases by 1–2 orders of magnitude. The deposition of Co, V, Mn, and As increases by 50–93 times, and the deposition of W increases at most (by 184 times on average). Abrasion of spikes of winter tires, abrasion of metal parts of vehicles, and combustion of motor fuels cause the pollution with W, Co, and V respectively. The total content of 12 EPA PAHs in the particulate fraction of snow in the urban area averaged 148.2 ng l-1, and the deposition rate was 17.0 µg/m2. In contrast to the background areas, the share of high molecular weight 5-6-ring PAHs significantly increases in the city, especially dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DahA). The indicative ratios of PAHs showed that the snowpack composition was influenced by both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. The proportion of pyrogenic sources is the highest in the low-rise residential area due to fuel combustion to produce heat and burning of household waste. The impact of motor transport is also major and is manifested in the maximum pollution in areas of heavy traffic. No emissions of PAHs from oil spills from the nearby Samotlor oil field have been identified. It is concluded that the hydrocarbon pollution of the atmosphere from the field weakens during the winter period compared to the warm season. Application of the Igeo index characterizes the majority of the studied samples as unpolluted, 24% of the observation sites are classified as moderately polluted, and one (4%), as highly polluted.
Assessing Situation in the Face of Crisis
Authors: Pluwak Agnieszka , Kacprzak Emilia , Lew Michał , Obuchowski Aleksander , Stańczyk Michał
Published: September 2022

From the perspective of marketing studies, a crisis of reputation is interpreted as such post factum, when measurable financial loss is induced. However, it is highly demanded to discover its signs as early as possible for risk management purposes. Here is where artificial intelligence finds its application since the start of the Facebook era. Emotion- or sentiment-classification algorithms, based on BiLSTM neural networks or transformer architectures, achieve very good F1 scores. Nevertheless, the scholarly literature offers very few approaches to the detection of reputational crises ante factum from an NLP point of view. At the same time, not every peak of mentions with negative sentiment equals a crisis of reputation by definition. There exist ample general sentiment classification tools dedicated to a specific social medium, e.g. Twitter, while reputational crises often expand over various Internet sources. However, they also tend to be highly unpredictable in the way they appear and spread online. Moreover, very few studies of their development have so far been conducted from the perspective of NLP tool-design.
Therefore, in our work we try to answer the question: how can we track reputational crises fast and precisely in multiple communication channels, and what do current NLP methods offer with this respect?
For this purpose we have: consulted Internet monitoring experts and, defined major crisis topics for three business domains, built and tested three different approaches to crisis detection (a HAN-based emotion detection model, heuristic crisis detection models for predefined risks, a statistical mention peak analysis tool with an ML-based summarization algorithm) to track most Internet sources and cover both explicit and implicit content and performed an analysis of 15 reputational crises in online sources in Poland.
We offer a comparative analysis of NLP tools of qualitative semantic methods applied to a study of real-life reputational crises that appeared in Poland within the last two decades.
Single-Stage Isolation of Pure Andrographolide from Andrographis Paniculata In A Moderately Polar Solvent By Optimizing Different Parameters
Authors: MAURYA RAHUL , B Thirupataiah , Misro Lakshminarayana , R Thulasi , V Rajeesh , KS Rohit
Published: September 2022

The primary objective of the proposed research work is to extract and enrich the pure Andrographolide (AGL) by varying the polarity index and Hildebrand solubility parameter (δ) of a moderately polar solvent. Both parameters affect the solubility of AGL in different solvents and extraction methods. AGL was extracted from the whole plant of Andrographis paniculata. Continuous or Direct, Maceration and Soxhlet extraction method used for extraction. Based on the appearance of the crystal in the Direct Soxhlet Ethyl acetate method, their yield was further optimized by using a Randomized response surface (RSM), Quadratic model-based Box-Behnken design (BBD). The HPTLC performed the AGL extraction efficiency, purity, and quantification. Based on the obtained result, the pure Andrographolide crystal (yield 0.185 g/g) was obtained by Direct Soxhlet extraction. Ethyl acetate is used as a solvent. Rf exhibited in the TLC chromatogram was 0.28. FT-IR spectra exhibited characteristics peak similar to the standard AGL, and 1H-NMR, 13C NMR elucidated crystal structure. DEPT -90/135 spectra depicted that extracted crystal was pure AGL. It is one of the novel approaches to isolating pure AGL crystal in a moderately polar solvent (Ethyl acetate) by elevating the Hildebrand solubility parameter despite using polar solvents. AGL crystal was obtained from Direct Soxhlet extraction by Ethyl acetate. It is a single-step and more economical method. It can be easily transformed into a pilot or industrial setup to extract Pure AGL.
Knowledge, and practices on sexual and reproductive health among youth trainees attached to youth training centers in Sri Lanka; Adolescent health for a better tomorrow
Authors: Mataraarachchi Dilini , Vithana P.V.S.C. , Wijemanne Chamanthi , de Silva Chithramalee
Published: September 2022

Background: Sexual and reproductive health is a major concern among adolescents and youth in Sri Lanka. The study was carried out to assess the knowledge, and practices of the youth trainees attached to youth training institutes in Sri Lanka.
Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among randomly selected 425 youth trainees attached to youth training centers in Sri Lanka using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS-21. Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages. Comparison of categorical variables was conducted using Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test as applicable.
Results: Study group consisted of 51.8% (n=220) males and 48.2% (n=205) females with mean age of 18.6 years (SD= 1.8). Only 49% (n=211) knew that nocturnal emission is normal in young men, while 8% (n=34) thought that nocturnal emission would weaken their body. Only 47.5% (n=202) had ever heard of condoms, and 13.2% (n=56) knew about the emergency contraceptive pill. While 23.3% (n=98) identified abortion could cause maternal death, 53.9% (n=227) knew that teenage pregnancy lead to complications in both mother and baby. A majority, 75.5% (n=318) expressed that HIV/AIDS can be transmitted via unprotected sexual intercourse. Only 114 (26.8%) correctly identified abstinence and limiting to one faithful sexual partner as successful ways to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STI). Nearly 8% (n=33) said that they engaged in sexual intercourse at least once in their lifetime. Of them, nearly 75% (n=23) had their first sexual contact at the age of 14-18 years and only 58% (n=19) had used condoms. Male gender (p<0.001), being a Buddhist (P=0.027), age above 20 years (P=0.002), having a education level above grade 11 (p=0.022) were positively associated with SRH knowledge.
Conclusions and recommendations: Knowledge and practices on sexual and reproductive health among youth trainees were sub-standard. Study recommends strengthening sexual and reproductive health education at youth training centers.
A comparison of health-related factors between patients diagnosed with ME/CFS and patients with a related symptom picture but no ME/CFS diagnosis: A cross-sectional exploratory study
Authors: Bernhoff Gabriella , Rasmussen-Barr Eva , Käll Lina Bunketorp
Published: September 2022

Background
In chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS), the capacity for activity and participation is strongly limited. The disease definition is very broad, and considering the lack of evidence for best treatment, it is important to understand what is ME/CFS-specific in the biopsychosocial perspective in comparison with similar syndromes. The objective was to study the difference between those diagnosed with ME/CFS and those with similar symptoms but no ME/CFS diagnosis for self-perceived level of physical activity, work ability, anxiety/depression, and health-related quality of life.
Methods
This was a clinical cross-sectional study with data collected from mailed questionnaires. The following variables were compared between patients diagnosed with ME/CFS (n=205) and those with similar symptoms but no diagnosis (n=57); level of physical activity, Work ability index (WAI), Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD-A/HAD-D), and RAND-36 Physical functioning, Role limitations due to physical health problems, Role limitations due to personal or emotional problems, Social functioning, Energy/fatigue, Bodily pain, Emotional well-being, and General health perceptions. The Chi-squared test (nominal data), the Mann-Whitney U test and the Student’s t test were used to analyze the data.
Results
The group diagnosed with ME/CFS had a more impaired physical and mental exertion ability as compared to the group that had similar symptoms but was not diagnosed with ME/CFS, shown by a RAND-36 lower index of physical role functioning (p = 0.00), social functioning (p=0.00), energy (p = 0.01), worse pain (p = 0.02) and poorer overall health (p = 0.00). In contrast, no significant group differences emerged for weekly level of physical activity, work ability, anxiety/depression, and RAND-36 Emotional role limitation and well-being.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that those with a diagnosis of ME/CFS are characterized by an impaired ability for physical or mental exertion, worse pain, and poorer overall health as compared to individuals with similar symptoms but for whom ME/CFS-diagnosis was not established. The results may be cautiously interpreted as support when focusing on patients' self-care in terms of management of energy levels. The results must however be verified in future studies.
Green synthesis of nanosized N,N'-bis(1-naphthylidene)-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and its metal (II) complexes: Reaction mechanism and biological activity evaluation
Authors: Hassan Hammed H.A.M. , Hussien Hend , Elhusseiny Amel F.
Published: September 2022

Clgondensation of ecofriendly synthesized 4,4’-methanedianiline with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde produced a (1:1) octopus-like Schiff base mixed ligand. Reaction with Co(OAc)2. H2O, NiCl2.6H2O, Cu(OAc)2. H2O and Zn(OAc)2.2H2O metals furnished their complexes in high yield and purity. All new structures were fully characterized by various spectroscopic and spectrometric measurements. The complexes exhibited high thermal stability up to 700 °C, leaving nearly 4 % of their mass as residues. Antimicrobial screening results exhibited moderate activities towards all studied microbes. Antioxidant screening was concentration dependent, and their activities were in the order Ni(II) > Zn(II) > Cu(II) > Co(II) complexes. The NO inhibitory effect revealed that the nickel complex exhibited the highest activity, whereas the cobalt complex showed the lowest inhibition. All compounds showed a significant lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect against oxidative stress. The complexes significantly diminished the TBARS level, and the nickel complex exhibited the highest inhibition at p < 0.01. Antioxidants stress the oxidative damage induced by iron, indicating that the nickel complex has the highest reducing activity. The inhibitory effect against acetylcholine esterase showed that the copper complex has the highest activity. Membrane stabilization activities clearly indicated that most compounds can improve the integrity of the cells and stability of their membrane, and this result may be related to their antioxidant capacity to protect against cytotoxicity. The nickel complex exhibited a stronger total antioxidant capacity than the other complexes. The biological and antioxidant capacities of these complexes may make them promising candidates in pharmaceutical applications.
Application of artificial intelligence analysis software to assess pulmonary small nodules in patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: NI Yun-Long , Zheng Xin-Cheng , Shi Xiao-Jian , XU Ye-Feng , Li Hua
Published: September 2022

Objective
To explore the clinical application value of artificial intelligence analysis software in the assessment of pulmonary small nodules in patients with osteosarcoma.
Methods
From March 2011 to February 2022, 138 patients with osteosarcoma diagnosed in the Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital underwent chest thin-section CT and pulmonary nodule screening based on artificial intelligence analysis software.The composition, quantity, distribution and dynamic changes of pulmonary nodules were analyzed to determine whether they were metastases.
Results
849 CT scans were performed in 138 patients with osteosarcoma. Artificial intelligence software detected 3989 pulmonary nodules, of which 3069 (76.9%) were small nodules with a diameter of ≤ 5 mm, of which 1749 (57.0%) were solid nodules, 650 (21.2%) were calcified nodules. 127 cases (92%,127/138) had small nodules, 23 cases (18.1%, 23/127) had dynamic changes in small nodules, 16 cases (69.5%, 16/23) were diagnosed with lung metastases, There was no significant difference in the location of pulmonary distribution between the diameter ≤ 5 mm and the diameter > 5 mm nodules.
Conclusion
Artificial intelligence diagnostic technology helps to intelligently evaluate the size, number and density of small pulmonary nodules in patients with osteosarcoma, and dynamic monitoring helps to characterize small pulmonary nodules.
Barriers and facilitators to social prescribing in child and youth mental health: Perspectives from the frontline
Authors: Hayes Daniel , Olsson Annabelle , Begum Salina , Bertotti Marcello , Javis-Beesley Paul , Stapley Emily
Published: September 2022

There is growing interest in the role of Social Prescribing (SP) to help promote mental wellbeing and support individuals with mental health difficulties. Yet, implementation of SP to children and young people (CYP) has proved slow and underdeveloped compared with adult populations. Understanding the barriers and facilitators will help key stakeholders to better embed SP for CYP into practice. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), a comprehensive, theoretical-led framework, underpinned by 33 behaviour change theories and 128 constructs, perceived barriers and facilitators to SP were investigated. The sample comprised of 11 Link Workers and 9 individuals involved in facilitating SP with CYP, who took part in semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed using a deductive thematic analysis, and themes were coded under each theoretical domain. Overall, 36 barriers and facilitators for SP were identified across 12 domains of the TDF. Under capability, barriers and facilitators were found for knowledge, skills, memory/attention/decision making processes, and behavioural regulation. For opportunity, barriers and facilitators were found for social/professional influences, as well as environmental context and resources. Finally, for motivation, domains covered included: beliefs about consequences, beliefs about capabilities, optimism, motivations/goals, reinforcement, and emotions. Findings suggest that a wide range of barriers and facilitators affect the implementation of CYP SP to improve mental health and wellbeing. Interventions which target different domains related to capability, opportunity and motivation should be developed to better facilitate CYP SP.
A Lightweight Blockchain-Based Framework for Medical Cyber Physical System
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Chatterjee Kakali
Published: September 2022

A medical cyber physical system(MCPS) combines intelligent medical devices with a network. Nowadays, MCPS is extensively used in the healthcare system. While sharing the patient data into MCPS, the data privacy of the MCPS is a significant challenge in healthcare as most of the devices are suffered from data leaking and data manipulation attack. In this current work, blockchain implementation ensures patient data security and privacy with no delay. The blockchain module controls unauthorized data access from illegitimate users. The result and performance analysis of the proposed framework shows the low latency in the data sharing, high transaction rate, and high throughput with an increasing number of users in the network.
Metabolic tumor volume as significant predictor for chemotherapy containing PD-L1 blocker in extensive stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hashimoto Kosuke , Kaira Kyoichi , Imai Hisao , Miura Yu , Shiono Ayako , Mouri Atsuto , Yamaguchi Ou , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Kagamu Hiroshi , Kuji Ichiei
Published: September 2022

Chemo-immunotherapy, including the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody is an effective treatment for patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, no biomarker has been established for the prediction of chemo-immunotherapy. Therefore, we investigated the potential of predictive marker of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET). Forty-six patients with ES-SCLC who received 18F-FDG-PET immediately before combined platinum-based chemotherapy with PD-L1 blockade as a first-line setting were eligible, and the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) on 18F-FDG uptake were evaluated. PD-L1 and tumor infiltrative lymphocytes (TILs) were immunohistochemically analyzed in 36 of the 46 patients. A high MTV was significantly associated with poor performance status and low albumin levels, and there was a significant association between low albumin and high TLG. Univariate analysis identified sex, Brinkman index, and MTV as significant predictors of progression-free survival (PFS), and sex, SUVmax, MTV, and TLG as significant factors of overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis revealed that sex, Brinkman index, and MTV were independent prognostic factors for PFS, and sex, SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were significant predictors of OS. SUVmax was significantly higher in patients with positive PD-L1 expression than in those with negative expression but was not significantly different between positive and negative TILs. Moreover, the levels of MTV and TLG were not closely associated with the levels of PD-L1 and TILs. MTV or TLG metabolic tumor activity is suitable for the prediction of chemo-immunotherapy in patients with ES-SCLC.
Verification of dried blood spot as a sample type for HIV viral load and early infant diagnosis on Hologic Panther in Zambia
Authors: Simushi Precious , Kalunga Mukoshya Nchima , Mwakyoma Tuku , Mwewa Mulenga , Muchaili Lweendo , Hazeemba Nchimunya , Mulenga Chileshe , Mwewa Patience , Kaseya Chiyenu , Kachimba John , Choonga Powell , Shibemba Aaron , Hamooya Benison M. , Zambwe Mowa , Chipimo Peter J. , Kasonka Lackson
Published: September 2022

Objective
1. To verify dried blood spot as a sample type for HIV viral load and early infant diagnosis on Hologic Panther platform
2. To evaluate the analytical performance (precision, linearity and measurement of uncertainty) of the Hologic Panther
Results
The specificity and sensitivity of Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) performance of Aptima Quant Dx assay on Hologic panther machine against the gold standard machine COBAS Taqman (CAP/CTM) was 100% with an overall agreement of 100%. The quantitative HIV Viral Load (VL) accuracy had a positive correlation of (0.96) obtained against the gold standard (plasma samples) run on COBAS4800 platform. Analytical performance of the Hologic panther machine was evaluated; Precision low positive repeatability 3.50154 and within lab 2.268915 at mean 2.88 concentration and precision high positive repeatability 1.116955 and within lab 2.010677 at mean 5.09 concentration were obtained confirming manufacturers claims. Uncertainty of measurement for this study was found to be +/- 71 copies/ml.Linearity studies were determined and all points were within acceptable limits.We therefore recommend DBS as a sample type alternative to plasma for the estimation of HIV-1 viral load and EID diagnosis on the Hologic panther machine.
Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis During Pembrolizumab Therapy for Metastatic Gastric Cancer: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Su Liyu , Zhao Shen , Lin Rongbo
Published: September 2022

Background：
Recent evidence suggests that immunotherapy is a standard treatment options in gastric cancer. However, immunotherapy may cause many known or unknown adverse events.
Case presentation:
We recently encountered a case of subcutaneous fat necrosis without pancreatic disease that arose during therapy with pembrolizumab in a patient with metastatic gastric cancer. And subcutaneous nodules started to spontaneously improve within a month of onset and disappeared within half a year with no special treatment. At the last follow-up, the patient did not receive immunotherapy with continuous stable disease. Her survival exceeded 24 months without other treatment.
Conclusion:
This case may be important for the discovery of rare adverse events in gastric cancer immunotherapy.
11C-methionine PET imaging characteristics in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and relationship to survival
Authors: Zhao Xiaobin , Li Deling , Qiao Zhen , Wang Kai , Chen Qian , Pan Changcun , Wu Yuliang , Xiao Dan , Xi Tianshu , Zhang Liwei , Ai Lin
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to describe 11C-methionine (11C-MET) PET imaging characteristics in patients with paediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and correlate them with survival.
Methods
We retrospectively analysed 98 children newly diagnosed with DIPG who underwent 11C-MET PET. PET imaging characteristics evaluated included uptake intensity, uniformity, metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesion methionine uptake (TLMU). The maximum, mean, and peak of the tumour-to-background ratio (TBR), calculated as the corresponding standardised uptake values (SUV) divided by the mean reference value, were also recorded. The associations between PET imaging characteristics and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed.
Results
In univariate analysis, imaging characteristics significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS included a higher uniformity grade, higher TBRs, a larger MTV, and a higher TLMU. In the multivariate analysis, larger MTV at diagnosis, shorter symptom duration, and no treatment were significantly correlated with shorter PFS and OS.
Conclusion
Although several imaging features were significantly associated with PFS and OS, only MTV, indicating the size of the active tumour, was identified as a strong independent prognostic factor.
Social innovations for supporting regenerative lifestyles: Exploration of three pioneering co-housing projects in Austria.
Authors: Hirschberg Rebekka , Ruderer Jomo , Röck Martin
Published: September 2022

“Limiting global temperature increase needs demand-side actions and lifestyle changes", stated the IPCC in their Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5. Building construction and operation are key to solving the climate and ecological crises and central for enabling sustainable development. To enable the sustainable transformation of the built environment, it is crucial to meet climate targets for buildings. However, it was shown that current building practice struggles to provide housing within planetary boundaries. What is needed are strategies for reducing building-related environmental impacts while at the same time providing adequate spaces as the social foundation for a regenerative and distributive, circular economy, as outlined for example in the doughnut economics concept. Social innovation, for example in the form of alternative models for spatial production and ownership, can help implement the sustainable development goals, and support regenerative lifestyles and emission reductions in the emissions-heavy building sector. However, today’s real estate market hardly supports the development and realization of alternative housing models. In response, practice shows that innovative models of housing are often driven by the initiative of the (future) inhabitants. In this study, we investigate and analyze different models of social innovation in housing based on three recently completed building case studies in Austria. The case studies are situated in a broad range of spatial contexts: re-activating the countryside, vitalizing a newly developed neighborhood, or bringing new life to abandoned, existing buildings. They are showcasing strategies such as: innovative models of (co-)financing and (co-)ownership to provide affordable housing; the shared use of spaces, functions and resources for reducing environmental footprints. We provide insights as to how alternative housing projects are being established successfully, what models groups are exploring for governance, financing and ownership, and which other social innovation practices may support or enable the implementation of regenerative lifestyles.
Physical or Virtual? - A Qualitative Inquiry Into Youth Perception and Preference for Safe Spaces
Authors: Neo Pearlyn , Nagashima-Hayashi Michiko , Gan Sarah , Lin Wee Hwee
Published: September 2022

Background
Control measures from the COVID-19 pandemic had far-reaching and multifaceted consequences on the physical and mental health of youths. In particular, youths experienced a lack of safe space to turn to in times of need. Safe spaces, be it physical or virtual, provide social support and connection for youths, which are important for one’s mental health.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative study in Singapore to investigate how youths interpreted what safe spaces meant to them and how these spaces positively impacted their wellbeing. 48 youths were purposively recruited and took part in a one-on-one interview over Zoom that lasted between 45 minutes to 60 minutes each. Audio recordings of the interviews were transcribed, and data were thematically analysed.
Results
Findings from our study indicated that participants found three different interpretations for what made a space safe for them - namely as an absence of a negative experience, a neutral space where they could just be themselves, or an affirmative place to receive what they need. Youths preferred safe spaces that were physical in nature due to the relational aspects of the space which provided comfort and preferred safe spaces that were virtual in nature due to the logistical benefits of the space which allowed them to expand their social network.
Conclusions
Based on our findings, we propose to address youth mental health not only through schools and families, but adopting multi-sectoral public health approach, using physical and virtual safe spaces as both preventive and therapeutic strategies to address often hidden mental health challenges youth face in Singapore. When designing safe spaces for youths, it is important to consider the medium, content and audience involved to maximise youth engagement and in turn, improve the state of mental wellness for youths.
The Political Economy of Foreign Aid Effectiveness: Should Countries With Higher Levels of Inequality Receive Less?
Authors: Skarda Ieva
Published: September 2022

This paper answers how resource inequality within an aid recipient country should influence donor's aid allocation given a contest over resources between a powerful local elite vs. masses in the recipient country. It is shown that if the elite is politically powerful, the donor should not give aid as it would decrease the contesting power and welfare of masses. If the elite's political power is sufficiently constrained, a donor should give a positive amount of aid which should be increasing in the level of resource equality between the classes. Despite this, historically countries with more inequality have received relatively more aid.

JEL Classification: F35 – D00 – D30 – D72 – D74 – D70 – O10
Efficacy of botulinum toxin in a patient with neurogenic detrusor overactivity
Authors: Nikitin S. S. , Guseva N. B. , Romashin M. A.
Published: September 2022

Neurogenic detrusor overactivity is a dangerin terms of the formation of vesicoureteralreflux, pyelonephritis, and chronic kidney disease. The standard treatment for neurogenic detrusor overactivity is intermittent catheterization of the bladder in combination with M-cholinoblockers, which is not always sufficient. In the article, the authors briefly outlined the physiological basis of intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin in neurogenic detrusor overactivity in patients with myelodysplasia who underwent surgery for spinal hernias, tumors of the spinal canal, as well as patients with spinal trauma. The technology of intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin is shown, possible complications are described. The effectiveness of intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin is shown by a specific clinical example — a description of the medical history of a child who has a history of surgical treatment for a spinal hernia in the newborn period. After the operation, neurogenic detrusor overactivity was revealed, insensitive to treatment with M-cholinoblockers. Complications were vesicoureteral reflux and recurrent pyelonephritis. The results of cystometry before and after double administration of botulinum toxin are shown. Detrusor hypertension was stopped, pyelonephritis remission was achieved, trabecularity of the bladder mucosa was stopped. Simultaneously with the introduction of botulinum toxin, endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux was performed.
Clinical case of idiopathic anaphylaxis in pediatrics
Authors: Esakova N. V. , Konyukova N. G. , Filippova E. A. , Varlamov E. E. , Pampura A. N.
Published: September 2022

Patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis account for up to 1/3 of the total number of patients with anaphylactic reactions. In the case of idiopathic anaphylaxis, even in the presence of a typical clinical picture, difficulties often arise in its diagnosis due to the absence of a trigger, which determines a long period of time from the first episodes of systemic reactions to the verification of the diagnosis and the proper treatment prescription. In this article we describe a case report of diagnosis and management of a patient who had recurrent episodes of severe systemic reactions since the age of 9 year, and only at the age of 11 years in our department he was first diagnosed with idiopathic anaphylaxis and given the necessary recommendations for the use of epinephrine.
A new nucleotide variant in the ELAC2 gene in a young child with a ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Gandaeva L. A. , Basargina E. N. , Kondakova O. B. , Kaverina V. G. , Pushkov A. A. , Zharova O. P. , Fisenko P. P. , Savostyanov K. V.
Published: September 2022

The few foreign papers of the last decade have shown the relationship of various pathogenic variants of the ELAC2 gene to heterogeneous phenotypic manifestations, for which the unfavorable prognosis is common, caused by severe cardiomyopathy in the first year of life. The article presents the first clinical observation of a rare variant of the hypertrophic phenotype cardiomyopathy with a fatal outcome in the first year of life, and variants c.887T>C, p.L296P and c.1979A>T, p.K660I of the ELAC2 gene in Russia.

The purpose of the work is to present clinical observation of a child with an early manifestation of a hypertrophic phenotype of cardiomyopathy caused by pathogenic variants of the ELAC2 gene.
Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1A
Authors: Potrokhova E. A. , Baleva L. S. , Safonova M. P. , Sipyagina A. E.
Published: September 2022

Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation of the CYP27B1 gene, that further leads to a decrease in the activity of 1A-hydroxylase and vitamin D metabolic disorder. The disease manifests itself by means of rickets-like changes, alike to the symptoms of vitamin D-deficiency rickets, what inhibits both the early diagnosis and timely appointment of an adequate pathogenetic therapy with the usage of active vitamin D metabolites. Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1A issues are presented in this article. Using the example of the clinical case, it shows the principles of selecting an adequate dose of replacement therapy.
Reference ranges of biochemical blood parameters in juvenile athletes
Authors: Grishina Zh. V. , Klyuchnikov S. O. , Feshchenko V. S. , Zholinsky A. V. , Okorokov P. L.
Published: September 2022

Reference ranges of blood parameters adapted for young athletes are necessary for proper assessment and timely detection of deviations in the state of health.

Purpose. A comparative analysis of the reference ranges of some biochemical blood parameters calculated on a sample of thousands of athletes under 18 years old, members of Russian national teams, versus similar indices of children not engaged in sports obtained in the framework of projects carried out in Canada and in Scandinavian countries.

Results. Differences in the width of reference ranges, their minimum and maximum values between the compared groups for several indicators of protein and lipid metabolism, cortisol and testosterone aredescribed. The authors discuss the expediency of further development of reference ranges of blood parameters, which consider sex, age of athletes, and specifics of sports.

Conclusion. The specified data on reference ranges of blood indices are necessary for clearer differentiation and objective evaluation of adaptational transformations arising against the background of physical loads, as well astimely detection of pathological deviations in the functional state of juvenile athletes’ organism and prognosis of their further development.
A rare combination of monogenic connective tissue diseases — Marfan and Stickler syndromes — in one patient
Authors: Nikolaeva E. A. , Semyachkina A. N. , Dzhivanshiryan G. V. , Shcherbakova N. V. , Smirnova A. V.
Published: September 2022

As DNA sequencing techniques have been used more widely in clinical practice, there have been reports of a combination of hereditary diseases in a single patient. Cases of combining diseases with similar clinical symptoms present a particular difficulty for diagnosis. We observe a child who has been identified to have a combination of autosomal dominant diseases associated with connective tissue involvement — Marfan and Stickler type 1 syndromes. Common symptoms of both diseases were as follows: marfanoid habitus, arachnodactyly, kyphoscoliosis, chest deformity, involvement in the process of joints (hypermobile syndrome) and eyes. Marfan syndrome was evidenced by dissociation of mass-growth parameters at birth, tallstature, “Gothic” palate, crowded teeth, aortic dilation at the level of Valsalva sinuses and its ascending part. Type 1 Stickler syndrome was indicated by high-grade myopia, degenerative vitreous changes requiring vitrectomy, flat face, mandibular micrognathia, latent cleft of the soft and hard palate, grade 1 bilateral conductive hearing loss, mild cognitive failure. The diagnosis of both diseases was confirmed by the detection of de novo heterozygous mutations in the FBN1 gene (c.5060_5061 delGCinvAA, p. Cys1687) and COL2A1 gene (c.4074+1G>A). Establishing a final diagnosis is of great importance for predicting the course of the disease and genetic counseling of the proband and their relatives.
PREPARATION AND PERFORMANCE OF MAGNETIC ZIRCONIUM-IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES LOADED ON PALYGORSKITE IN THE ADSORPTION OF PHOSPHATE FROM WATER
Authors: Song Xiaoshuan , Hao Yanling , Gao Qiqi , Cheng Long
Published: September 2022

Magnetic zirconium-iron oxide nanoparticles loaded on palygorskite as a low-cost adsorbent was produced by one-step co-precipitation technique and its properties for phosphate adsorption were overall investigated. The Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the adsorbent and evaluate the adsorption interactions. The influences of pH, ionic strength and coexisting ions on phosphate adsorption were measured with a discussion of the adsorption mechanism. Results indicated that no very noticeable changes on the surface properties, structure and phosphate adsorption capacity be found for the magnetic zirconium-iron oxide nanoparticles loaded on palygorskite or not. The adsorption kinetics fitted to the pseudo-second-order model and adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir equation and Dubinin-Radushkevich equation. The phosphate adsorption was slightly affected by ionic strength and highly dependent on pH, i.e. increasing pH sharply restrained adsorption under neutral and alkaline conditions. The surface OH groups in the adsorbent processed an important role in adsorption and the adsorption mechanism conformed to ion exchange and complex. The adsorbent could be conveniently regenerated and effectively reused.
Bienestar laboral y condiciones de trabajo en docentes de primaria y secundaria
Authors: Charria Ortiz Victor Hugo , Romero-Caraballo Martha Patricia , Sarsosa-Prowesk Kewy
Published: September 2022

Las condiciones laborales hacen referencía a las particularidades del entorno o ambiente en el que se realizan las actividades de trabajo. A lo largo de la história, las condiciones laborales de los docentes han experimentado contínuas transformaciones bajo distintas reformas educativas, que repercuten en su grado de bienestar en el trabajo. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la relación entre la valoración de las condiciones de trabajo y el bienestar laboral percibido en 132 docentes de primaria y secundaria de colegios públicos y privados de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Para tal efecto se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa con diseño correlacional y muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Se evidenció un aumento en el tiempo dedicado a realizar la función docente, la organización y la carga laboral, lo cual genera en los docentes afectaciones en su bienestar laboral. Se encontró una relación significativa entre las condiciones de trabajo y el bienestar laboral de los docentes, de manera que el tipo de contratación temporal genera en ellos inseguridad, inestabilidad y algunos efectos colaterales como somatizaciones y agotamiento, perjudicando su rendimiento laboral, salud y bienestar.
Efecto de un programa de rehabilitación neuropsicológica de funciones ejecutivas en un caso de esclerosis múltiple
Authors: López Gutiérrez Claudia Rocío , Castrillón Taba Margarita María , Lopera Vásquez Juan Pablo
Published: September 2022

La esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad desmielinizante, inflamatoria, neurodegenerativa y autoinmune, que puede ocasionar alteraciones neuropsicológicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer el efecto de un programa de rehabilitación neuropsicológica enfocado en las funciones ejecutivas en un caso con esta patología. Para esto, se planteó un diseño de caso único, experimental y de no reversión A-B en una mujer de 69 años de edad, con esclerosis múltiple remitente-recurrente desde hace 23 años, estado funcional EDSS de 1 y trastorno neurocognitivo menor de tipo disejecutivo. El plan de rehabilitación estuvo conformado por 12 sesiones con una frecuencia semanal, se realizaron tres mediciones de línea base y cuatro mediciones durante el proceso de intervención mediante el Cuestionario Disejecutivo (DEX-Sp). Los resultados de la línea base indicaron que la paciente poseía una alteración disejecutiva importante y estable. En el proceso de intervención se observó una mejora progresiva de los síntomas disejecutivos de la paciente, es decir, presentó un patrón de cambio temporal que impactó tanto su funcionamiento cognitivo como sus actividades cotidianas. En la última medición la paciente obtuvo una puntuación en el límite bajo de los rangos de normalidad, lo cual da cuenta de su mejor desempeño cognitivo a partir de la realización del programa de rehabilitación neuropsicológica.