bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISSUES OF SLUM UPGRADING IN ITOKUN/IKIJA, ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: FARINMADE ADEMOLA  , AKINOLA OMOBOLANLE BEATRICE  , HASSAN FAIZAL ADEDEJI
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the challenges of slum upgrading in the Itoku-Ikija area of Abeokuta North, Ogun State, with a view to propose suitable approaches for improvement. The objectives include assessing the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of residents, identifying existing conditions, examining housing quality, identifying development challenges, and recommending solutions. Data was collected using questionnaires administered on residents, town planners, public agencies, and stakeholders. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered, with 300 retrieved. Additionally, unstructured interviews with town planners were conducted to ensure comprehensive data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques via SPSS and Excel. The study unraveled comprehensive analysis of slum upgrading challenges in Itoku-Ikija area, Abeokuta, and presented a nuanced understanding of the challenges and potential solutions. The data-driven approach provides valuable insights into the socio-economic dynamics, infrastructure deficits, and governance issues affecting the area. The challenges of slum development are ranked, with the spread of diseases, unemployment, and overcrowding being the most severe. The research made the following recommendations: rehabilitation of infrastructure, creation of incentives for farmers, creation of job opportunities, provision of potable water, and provision of good educational systems, among others.
A STUDY OF ERRORS IN THE WRITTEN ESSAYS OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE
Authors: JATAU STEPHEN  , SHEHU IBRAHIM AHMED  , MUHAMMAD MUSTAPHA
Published: December 2024

This study investigates grammatical errors in the written essays of senior secondary school students in North West Senatorial District, Nasarawa State Nigeria, with the aim of improving the spoken and written English of the study populace. The subjects who participated in the study were the randomly selected ten senior secondary schools within the study area. The instrument used for this study was participants’ written essays in English language. The method used for data analysis was simple percentage. The results of the findings revealed that, six hundred (600) grammatical errors were identified and classified into different categories. These errors are: punctuation, spelling, tense, word choice, syntax (sentence structure), number, prepositions, subject/verb agreement, articles, wrong splitting of words and wrong amalgamation of words. The findings also showed that, these errors committed by the subjects were due to Interlingua (mother tongue interference), intralingua transfer and Interlanguage (incomplete learning) phenomenon. Finally, the study curriculum planners and textbook writers should come up with suitable materials that will facilitate the teaching and learning of grammar among teachers and students in secondary schools in Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa Area, Nasarawa State.
Opportunities and Challenges of Applying Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Authors:   Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt, Fahmy Azza
Published: December 2024

With the fast integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare, several aspects of medical practice have undergone considerable change, assuring major improvements in diagnostic, treatment, and operational efficiencies. This review reflects on the key opportunities presented by AI, especially in improving diagnostic precision, optimizing treatment planning, and facilitating personalized medicine on the basis of ever-improving machine learning and deep learning technologies. Such AI-driven tools have shown promising performance in large medical imaging, predictive analytics, and clinical decision support, making informed decisions more viable for clinicians. However, significant challenges must be faced while integrating AI into healthcare facilities.

These challenges do not relate simply to data privacy issues, algorithmic bias, or transparency of the decision-making process of AI-driven intelligence. Furthermore, there are scant regulatory frameworks that deal with the adoption of AI in healthcare, with accountability and ethics of use in the line of fire. Therefore, the review has identified that full policy development, ethical guidelines, and regulation are urgently needed to allow for the safe and effective introduction of AI. The future of AI in health is bright, with the emerging trends being AI-enhanced robotic surgery, telemedicine, and remote patient monitoring that are likely to further revolutionize patient care. While much attention has been given to these technologies’ potential for healthcare, the ethical, legal, and operational challenges inherent in AI systems should first be addressed as a foundation for leveraging the full potential of AI technologies in healthcare.
Criopreservación espermática mediante recuperación de espermatozoides de conductos deferentes y epidídimo en un equino: Reporte de caso
Authors: Villamil Sebastián , Pinzón Jorge , Buitrago Ricardo
Published: December 2024

La criopreservación seminal es una herramienta biotecnológica mediante la cual los espermatozoides son sometidos a temperaturas de congelación (-196°C) con el fin de mantener su viabilidad por tiempo indefinido. 
Esta técnica es comúnmente utilizada en sementales cuando se requiere disponibilidad un suplemento constante de dosis seminales, o en algunos casos cuando se desea preservar la genética de un animal que ha sufrido lesiones severas o ha muerto recientemente. 
Este reporte describe la técnica de recuperación espermática mediante el lavado por flujo retrógrado del conducto deferente y cola del epidídimo en un semental Criollo Colombiano, el cual fue remitido a consulta posterior a una fractura con minuta en el miembro posteriorizquierdo, razón por la cual fue realizada la eutanasia del paciente. 
Luego de haberse retirado los testículos se realizó recuperación espermática mediante lavado por flujo retrógrado del conducto deferente y la cola del epidídimo para ser sometidos a un protocolo de criopreservación convencional utilizando un diluyente con base en yema de huevo – metilformamida y glicerol. 
Se lograron obtener un total de 10 dosis seminales, con motilidad total de 60% postdescongelación. 
Esta técnica es una alternativa viable dado que permite conservar el mérito genético de animales de alto valor cuando estos han sufrido lesiones severas o han muerto recientemente, generando alternativas para la posterior aplicación de biotecnologías reproductivas.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Oncology: A Statistical Study
Authors: Sabrina Rahman  , Sana Rashid  , Mehwish  , Ubaida Hussain  , Zafar Ahmad Khan  , Asma Ul Hosna Patowary  , Atif Munir
Published: December 2024

Hepatitis Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising targeted therapy combining monoclonal antibodies with chemotherapy agents, offering enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity to normal cells, particularly in oncology. Despite this potential, widespread adoption remains constrained by key challenges. This study investigates the utilization of ADCs in oncology, focusing on clinical outcomes, safety, costs, regulatory hurdles, and healthcare professionals' awareness. A survey of 200 healthcare professionals, including oncologists, pharmacists, and administrators, was conducted to assess expectations and experiences with ADCs across clinical value, cost, and compliance dimensions.

Data analysis was performed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi-Square tests, and logistic regression. Results revealed clinical effectiveness and safety as primary factors influencing ADC adoption. However, significant barriers included costs (47%) and regulatory issues (52%), limiting broader application. A Chi-Square analysis indicated a significant correlation between the frequency of ADC recommendation and healthcare professionals' exposure to ADC-related concepts, underscoring the importance of familiarity in promoting ADC use. ANOVA demonstrated cost concerns were more pronounced in private hospitals compared to public institutions. Logistic regression highlighted clinical effectiveness and technological advancements as the strongest predictors of ADC adoption. The findings suggest prioritizing cost-reduction strategies, streamlining regulatory processes, and enhancing awareness through education campaigns to increase ADC utilization. Future strategies should emphasize competitive pricing, improved regulatory clarity, and expedited approval processes to facilitate broader access to these life-saving therapies in oncology.
A Novel Gesture Recognition Network based on LSTM
Authors: Teng Lin , Wang Jiachi
Published: December 2024

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a rich source of physiological data that reflects human movement intentions. The recognition of gestures through sEMG has garnered significant interest in the realms of human-computer interaction and rehabilitation. Currently, the majority of research on gesture recognition utilizing sEMG signals relies on discrete segmentation techniques, often overlooking the nuances of continuous and natural movements. A novel gesture recognition network based on LSTM for recognizing gestures from sEMG signals is prpopsed. The sEMG sensors are strategically positioned based on anatomical and muscular functions to optimize the capture of relevant physiological signals. In this study, finger curvature is employed to characterize gesture states, allowing each gesture at any given moment to be represented by a collection of varying finger curvatures, thereby enabling continuous gesture recognition. The experimental results indicate that this method significantly enhances the ability to mine representations from sEMG signals, offering valuable insights for deep learning models focused on human gesture recognition.
תלאותיה של התבונה השחורה
Authors: אבבה פקדה
Published: December 2024

ביקורת התבונה השחורה הוא ספרו של הפילוסוף והיסטוריון הקמרוני אשיל מבמבה שמנסה לשרטט מחדש את מושגי היסוד ואופני הניתוח הביקורתי בגישה הפוסטקולוניאלית. מלבד ניתוח ביקורתי על התפקיד המהותי שמילאו קטגוריות השחור והשחורוּת בתהליך היווצרותו של העולם המודרני, מבמבה מבקש לטעון כי אנו חיים בעידן שבו אין להבין את קטגוריית השחור רק במובנה הישן, כלומר כניגוד של הלובן – מובן שהתממש באמצעות כיבוש, הכנעה, ניצול ושעבוד מתמשך של העולם הלא־לבן, ובמיוחד של אפריקה – אלא גם כמצבם של כל בני האדם המוכפפים (subaltern humanity) החשופים למרותם של כוחות ההון הניאו־קפיטליסטיים. בהקשר זה, למאמר שתי מטרות. ראשית, הוא משרטט מפת התמצאות בנבכי הגותו של מבמבה, ובפרט בביקורת התבונה השחורה. שנית, בהינתן המסגרת התיאורטית שמבמבה מציע בספר זה, המאמר שואל כיצד נראה השיח המקומי ביחס לגזע ולשחורוּת בהקשר של יהודי אתיופיה בישראל. כמו כן בודק המאמר אם הפרויקט הביקורתי שמבמבה מציע מאפשר לנו להתמודד עם המתח התלוי ועומד עדיין בדיונים עכשוויים על יהודי אתיופיה ובקרבם בנוגע לרעיון השחורוּת והגזע.
בין שחורוּת לבלאקפייס: גרסתו הערבית של המחזה "האי" מאת אתול פיוגארד, ג'ון קאני ווינסטון נטשונה
Authors: בית־לחם לואיז
Published: December 2024

מאמר זה טוען שגרסתו הערבית של המחזה האי מאת אתול פיוגארד, ג'ון קאני ווינסטון נטשונה, בבימויו של עמית גזית לתיאטרון העירוני חיפה ב־1983, אינה מתרגמת בדיוק את המקור הדרום־אפריקאי (אם כי אין מחלוקת על כך שהסופר, המתרגם והאינטלקטואל אנטון שמאס אכן העביר את הטקסט לערבית ולעברית), אלא מצטטת אותו במרחק מכונן מדרום אפריקה. באמצעות טרנספוזיציה של המחזה לערבית ובאמצעות שימוש בליהוק לא מסורתי, ההפקה של גזית מכבירה משקל נוסף על המטען המטא־תיאורטי של המקור ומציתה שיח שמתמקד בפוליטיקה הישראלית במקום בזו הדרום־אפריקאית. הגרסה הערבית של האי לא הייתה מנותקת כליל מהפקות קודמות – בעברית – של מחזות שפיוגארד כתב לבדו או עם אחרים, שהתייצבו (לפחות לכאורה) לצד המאבק העולמי באפרטהייד; אבל גרסה זו שימשה מעין תחנת ממסר מכרעת עבור השיג והשיח התרבותי סביב זהויות שחורות ופלסטיניות במרחב הציבורי הישראלי באמצע שנות השמונים.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSEQUENCES OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors:   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Vukojevic Nikola ,   University of Defense, Military Academy, Velјka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Tosic Stefan ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33,
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Petrovic Aleksandar
Published: December 2024

Natural disasters are the cause of great damage, they complicate and
partially or completely prevent the functioning of various systems in society. As a result
of natural disasters, human lives, material and cultural goods, infrastructure of various
purposes are lost, while financial losses are measured in tens of millions of euros. Only
in the 21st century, Serbia was affected by a large number of natural disasters that
claimed human lives and caused large financial losses. Some of the most destructive
natural disasters that have affected Serbia and for which there are real indications that
they will be repeated in the future are earthquakes, floods and fires. A characteristic of
all of them is that they do not occur at specific time intervals, but the areas where floods
or forest fires can occur are well known, also the areas affected by earthquakes cannot
be determined with certainty because in the previous 100 years, many devastating
earthquakes occurred in different parts of Serbia. The consequences of these disasters
are as great as the investments to eliminate them, and recovery from such events takes
a long time.
DRINA RIVER BASIN HYDROPOWER UTILIZATION IMPACT ON ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENCY RISK INDICATOR
Authors:   Educons University, Faculty of Security Studies, Vojvode Putnika 87, Sremska Kamenica, Republic of Serbia, Matic Branislava
Published: December 2024

Countries all over the world uncritically change the legislative framework
are hastily integrating the requirements of the energy transition (switching to
renewable energy sources - RES), which can have long-term adverse consequences for
the country's energy self-sufficiency and stability generated by the neglecting the real
possibilities and benefits. This study presents facts that emphasise unquestionable
water power (hydropower) advantages in comparison with RES that occupy a
significant part of public space and publications (wind and solar) despite their
variability, the critical minerals requirement for TW/h production and Energy Returned
on Investment- EROI. In addition, Energy self-sufficiency risk indicator (InES)
highlights the percentage of countries with very high risk 46% and 23%, globally and
Europe. Increase of hydropower utilization by 10% scenario for Drina River Basin
countries is assessed with respect to energy self-sufficiency risk.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF UAVs IN IMPROVING THE LANDMINE FIELD DETECTION PROCEDURE
Authors:   Academy of applied technical and preschool teacher studies Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 20, Nis, Republic of Serbia, Blagojevic Dejan ,   Academy of Applied Technical and Preschool Teacher Studies Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 20, Nis, Republic of Serbia, Glamoclija Bojan ,   Academy of Applied Technical and Preschool Teacher Studies Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 20, Nis, Republic of Serbia, Jovkovic Srdjan ,   Mine Action Center of Republic Serbia, 31, Vojvode Toze St., Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Protic Milan
Published: December 2024

The aim of improving the inspection process, increasing the efficiency of preparatory
actions, the safety of teams in the field, and reducing the costs and time of operations.
In this paper, experimental results will be presented that indicate the advantages of
using unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as the possibilities of their future application,
Abstract: The use of unmanned aerial vehicles is gaining more and more importance
day by day and its applications are expanding. Monitoring, inspection, live stream and
delivery are just some of the areas where UAVs play a dominant role. In recent decades,
intensive attempts have been made to apply UAVs in coastal minefield inspections with
all with the aim of improving this area.
SELECTION OF CANDIDATES FOR SNIPERS
Authors:   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33,
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Aleksic Aleksandar ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Jokic Zeljko
Published: December 2024

Selection is very important for the selection of a candidate for a specific job,
and also for the responsible duty of a sniper, which represents the alignment between
what the candidate can and wants and what the organization needs. The execution of
the sniper's tasks will later depend on the improper selection of the candidate for the
position of sniper. The selection for snipers is not prescribed by any rulebook, but is
based on the commander's order and is directly related to sniper training and the
desirable qualities of an excellent marksman. For a sniper, in addition to intelligence
and physical characteristics, emotional personality traits, self-control and individuality
are also important. These characteristics are contradictory, in the sense that he must
be an individual and a good team player with his partner, which makes the selection of
candidates difficult and requires additional efforts during the selection of snipers and
cooperation between the commander who receives the personnel and the doctors and
paramedics who compile the tests for the selection of candidates. The entire operation
often depends on the success of the sniper's task, or his task is an operation in itself, on
which the lives and health of many directly depend or may depend.
THE ASPECTS OF THE DIPLOMATIC PROTOCOL THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT
Authors:   Ministry of Interior, Str. “Dimche Mirchev” No.9, Skopje, North Macedonia, Smiljanov Sande
Published: December 2024

Europe is living its hardest moments since the end of the Second World war.
Open conflict on the continent was considered to be impossible, not only by the security
experts and the European heads of states, but also according NATO strategic
documents. February 24th, 2022 changed it all – Russia launched a full scale invasion
on Ukraine (designated as a special military operation by Russia), that threw the
continent in chaos and disbelief. Although none of the European authorities believed
that there is a possibility for substantial change in the European security architecture,
there are some subtle signs that the situation will escalate, signs only visible in the eyes
of the diplomatic protocol specialists. The paper focuses on the diplomatic protocol
and its essence, the communication and public diplomacy theory and practice, and on
an analyses of the most intriguing high level diplomatic events in this period that outline
the relations between Russia and other states, from the perspective of the diplomatic
protocol.
CONCEPTUAL CIVIL PROTECTION MODEL IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA WITH REFERENCE TO THE REGIONAL DEPARTMENT ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Sector Security, Street Sinise Mijatovica 9, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zoric Zeljko ,   Sector Security, 9 Siniše Mijatovića Street, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosic Dragana
Published: December 2024

Frequent emergencies show that the traditional civil protection system
organization is not able to respond to their challenges. Today’s emergencies, in
addition to discrediting previously adopted civil protection systems, clearly show that
existing national civil protection systems can hardly respond to such challenges without
interstate cooperation. This is due to the fact that today’s natural disasters, technical
and technological accidents, as well as conditions resulting from social crises, are
taking on such proportions that they often cover the territories of several countries. In
order to be more ready to deal with such situations/conditions, it is necessary to first
define and build civil protection state systems on modern scientific bases that will be
efficient and effective on regional level at least. This paper will describe the applied
research methodology, as well as the most significant research results. The aim of this
research is to adopt civil protection system model that would be generally acceptable.
The concept elaborates the civil protection organization system on at least three levels:
strategic, tactical and operational, i.e., state, regional and municipal. For the needs of
this paper, the emphasis is put on the middle level, the level of regional civil protection
system organization. The possibility of applying the conceptual civil protection model
was confirmed by the assessment of implementation experts in the territory of the
Republic of Srpska.
SECURITY OF COMPUTER DATA IN THE CRIMINAL POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors:   University of Educons, Faculty of security studies, Vojvode Putnika 67, Sremska Kamenica, Republic of Serbia, Dinic Slavica
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of a research aimed at determining teachers’
attitudes regarding the problems and possibilities of online teaching in emergency
situations. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extraordinary living and working
conditions that have left some impact on the teaching and education systems. Therefore,
the problems and opportunities of online teaching have been observed in the context of
the pandemic. The research sample included 102 teachers from higher education
institutions on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. For the needs of the research, a
questionnaire with an assessment scale was prepared and shared with the teachers
through a link. The teachers expressed their perceptions, attitudes, opinions and
experiences related to personal competencies, preparation and support for online
classes, practical implementation of online teaching and their relationship with
students, as well as to didactic and methodological aspects of learning in an online
environment.
SAFETY CHALLENGES OF THE MIGRANT CRISIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors:   Educons University, Faculty of Security Studies, Vojvode Putnika 87, Sremska Kamenica, Republic of Serbia, Tosic Jovanka ,   Educons University, Faculty of Security Studies, Vojvode Putnika 87, Sremska Kamenica, Republic of Serbia, Ivetic Zorana
Published: December 2024

Migration is an inseparable part of human history and society. They shape
both individual communities and the whole world. However, they also come with
numerous challenges and risks, often stemming from social, economic or political
factors. Today, the world is facing major migration crises, especially in regions like
the Middle East and Europe. These crises not only affect the regions where they occur,
but have global consequences, including the Balkans and the Republic of Serbia. The
security challenges, threats and risks these migrations bring require careful planning
and response. In the research of this work, different methodologies were used,
including inductive and deductive reasoning, as well as content analysis. It is important
to continue to investigate these processes in order to better understand their causes and
consequences and develop effective strategies to manage them.
ENERGY SECURITY AT THE CORPORATE LEVEL
Authors:   Security Research Center, Street Sinise Mijatovica 9, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jovicic Radislav
Published: December 2024

Modern society, regardless of how aware we are of it, is completely
dependent on energy, more precisely on access to sufficient amounts of energy. Today,
it is impossible to imagine a modern man functioning for a single day without energy
and energy sources - to come to work or university without means of transport; to stay
or work in premises without heating, cooling and lighting; to store food and drinks; to
carry out private or business communication; functioning of health and financial
institutions. Disruptions in energy supply in the past, as well as the last one caused by
the conflict in Ukraine, showed not only the great society dependence on energy and
energy sources, but also the mutual connection and dependence of international
subjects in the field of supply in order to ensure the necessary amount of energy
sources. The availability of the required amount of energy, obtained from own or other
sources, is the basis for the functioning of the state's economy, while the price of energy
significantly affects the price of the final product and the competitiveness of the
economy. Instability of energy supply at the corporate level can arise from various
factors including geopolitical tensions, natural disasters, fluctuations in energy prices
on the market.
ASPECTS OF MACHINE LEARNING IN HUMANITARIAN DEMINING PROCESSES
Authors:   Academy of applied technical and preschool teacher studies Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 20, Nis, Republic of Serbia, Blagojevic Dejan ,   Academy of applied technical and preschool teacher studies Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 20, Nis, Republic of Serbia, Jovic Gordana ,   University of Defense in Belgrade , Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33,
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Milic Aleksandar ,   Mine Action Center Serbia, Vojvode Toze 31, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Glamoclija Bojan
Published: December 2024

Machine learning algorithms require high-quality and diverse data to
effectively train models. In the context of humanitarian demining, data collection
includes gathering information regarding mine locations, types, soil conditions,
environmental factors, and any other relevant variables. This data serves as the basis
for developing machine learning models. Various machine learning algorithms can be
applied in the context of mine detection, and the choice of the appropriate algorithm
depends on factors such as the nature of the data, computing resources, and desired
performance. Researchers and practitioners can experiment with different algorithms
to find the most suitable one for their specific needs. This paper will present a review
of some aspects of the application of machine learning elements in the analysis of
terrain contaminated with explosives, with an emphasis on processing efficiency and a
high degree of reliability of such an approach.
REVIEW OF THE RISKS OF AUTONOMOUS WEAPONS
Authors:   General Staff of the Serbian Armed Forces, Directorate for Development and Equipping J5, Technical Test Center, Center for Testing Weapons and Military Equipment, Nikinci, Republic of Serbia, Jankovic Katarina ,   University of Defense, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Komazec Nenad ,   Ministry of the Interior – Zvornik Police Department, Svetog Save nn, Zvornik, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Erkic Drazan
Published: December 2024

Weapon autonomy is an imperative for the development of the arms industry.
The introduction of autonomous weapons into military conflicts is one of the most
current topics in modern warfare. This type of weapon represents a significant advance
in the development of technology, but at the same time it also represents a serious risk
for the security and stability of states, as well as the global community. This paper
analyzes the risks of autonomous weapons. Through problem analysis, this work
contributes to understanding the risk of autonomous weapons and finding effective
solutions to manage this risk.
PROTECTION OF TUNNELS AS CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE CONNECTION NIS - VRANJE FROM THE DANGER OF EARTHQUAKE
Authors:   University of Defense in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Vuckovic Vukasin ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33,
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Petrovic Aleksandar ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka Street
No. 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Rankovic Boban
Published: December 2024

The tunnel, as an important part of the traffic infrastructure, represents a
construction solution that has always provided relief in traffic. However, the issue of
construction and maintenance itself is not simple. Moreover, these buildings are mostly
related to the environment that surrounds them, and therefore to all the
geomorphological features, changes and processes that take place on that soil. The
natural phenomenon that threatens them the most is earthquakes. This paper deals with
the topic of the impact of earthquakes on tunnels as critical traffic infrastructure on the
route Nis-Vranje. The issue was presented from the point of view of explaining the
concept of earthquake and the susceptibility of the area to earthquakes. The focus is
also on the most important legal frameworks that a tunnel must have during
construction. At the end, the risk and vulnerability of the tunnel on the given route from
earthquakes as a hazard was discussed.
ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE OF VALJEVO DISASTER RISK ASSESSMENT WITH METHODOLOGY
Authors:   General Staff of the Serbian Armed Forces, Directorate for Development and Equipping J5, Technical Test Center, Center for Testing Weapons and Military Equipment, Nikinci, Republic of Serbia, Vukovic Srecko ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Bajrami Serif ,   General Staff of the Serbian Armed Forces, Directorate for Development and Equipping J5, Technical Test Center, Center for Testing Weapons and Military Equipment, Nikinci, Republic of Serbia, Jankovic Katarina
Published: December 2024

In today's dynamic world, disaster risk assessment stands as a pivotal
element in safeguarding and promoting the sustainable development of local self-
government units. These units play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of their citizens,
environment, and valuable assets, all while confronting increasingly frequent threats,
including natural disasters and other hazards. This paper centers its focus on
evaluating the alignment of Valjevo's disaster risk assessment with the prescribed
methodology and content, including the protection and rescue plan.
The research aims to deepen our understanding of how the recommended steps of the
disaster risk assessment methodology are consistently applied within this specific local
self-government unit. Through an examination of how potential risks are identified,
assessed, and documented, this paper sheds light on the effectiveness of the disaster
risk assessment process and the quality of its outcomes.
THE EFFECT OF BIOTERRORISM TO THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   University of Educons, Faculty of security studies, Vojvode Putnika 67, Sremska Kamenica, Republic of Serbia, Ivetic Zorana ,   Educons University, Faculty of Security Studies, Vojvode Putnika 87, Sremska Kamenica, Republic of Serbia, Tosic Jovanka
Published: December 2024

The situation in which the world found itself at the beginning of 2020 is one
of the examples of how infectious diseases can become a global problem. An even
bigger problem arises in recognizing the ways and causes of occurrence. Timely
recognition of the disease is one of the most effective ways for the adequate response
of health institutions. If the mass illness of people is viewed from the point of view of
health security, it is irrelevant how the disease originated, but from the point of view of
state security, it is very important to reveal the history of the infection, with special
emphasis on the possibility of bioterrorist action. The use of biological agents is
classified as a bioterrorist attack, as well as the use of chemical, radiological and
nuclear weapons. Biological agents are most often used, because they are cheaper than
radiological and nuclear weapons. There is a real danger of bioterrorist attacks in the
21st century, and the question is no longer whether a bioterrorist attack will occur, but
when biological agents will be attacked by terrorist groups.
THE PLACE AND ROLE OF THE ARMY OF SERBIA IN THE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION SYSTEM IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors:   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Vukojevic Nikola ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka Street No. 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Polovina Uros ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka Street No. 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Lazarevic Jelena
Published: December 2024

Disasters in recent decades represent an increasing threat to people's lives
and work. In all their forms, they cause great damage, complicate and partially or
completely prevent the functioning of various systems in society. Since the beginning of
the 21st century, the Republic of Serbia has been affected many times by floods, fires,
and earthquakes, which resulted in the loss of human lives and the material damage
was enormous. The Serbian Army played an important and perhaps the biggest role in
eliminating the consequences of the disasters that affected Serbia. The Army, as an
organization whose basic role is to protect the territory from armed threats, through
its doctrinal and legal documents foresees the engagement of equipment and members
of the Army in the tasks of assisting civilian structures in eliminating non-military
threats. The Serbian Army played a key role in the tasks of rescuing residents in the
May floods of 2014, where the training and readiness of the Army to respond to all
tasks from the mission of supporting civilians in confronting security threats came to
the fore.
CREATION OF A RISK REDUCTION STRATEGY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN LIGHT OF SENDAI FRAMEWORK
Authors:   Security Research Center, Street Sinise Mijatovica 9, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jovicic Radislav
Published: December 2024

According to the EM-DAT report, 432 natural disasters occurred in the world
in 2021, which represents a kind of negative record. They caused thousands of human
victims, while damages were measured in hundreds of billions of dollars. The field is
very poorly studied theoretically, and theoretical knowledge and positive experiences
from the country and abroad have not found adequate application in practice. There
are many proofs of these claims, and the ones from the floods that hit Republic of
Srpska, i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2014 are special. No lessons were learned from
the previous floods in 2010, so the consequences of this natural disaster in 2014,
especially human casualties and material damage, were catastrophic. Even the
legislation in the field of protection and rescue, due to its incompleteness, does not
provide the
THE INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Faculty of Management, University of Lodz, Matejki str., 22/26, Łódź, Poland, Chebotarov Iegor ,   Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, 36000, Kovalja str., 3, Poltava, Ukraine, Chebotarov Viacheslav ,   Faculty of Management, University of Lodz, Matejki str., 22/26, Łódź, Poland, Glinkowska-Krauze Beata ,   National University of Technology and Design, 01011, Nemyrovycha-Danchenka str., 2, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bukoros Tetiana
Published: December 2024

The cyclic constantly reproducible nature of socio-economic crises, the
increase in modern conditions of general uncertainty and instability, as well as the
aggravation of the technogenic and environmental situation, together actualize the
problem of crisis management in its qualitatively new - complex systemic content. To
solve it, it is necessary to form a comprehension of the interdisciplinary nature of crisis
management. Based on the generalization of theoretical and methodological studies,
the phases of the crisis are singled out in the article, and its difference from the crisis
situation is shown. An analysis is given of the regulatory support of crisis management
in Poland and an example of the empirical practice of regulating relevant aspects at
the local level is given. On this ground, an attempt was made to identify and rank the
blocks of sciences, to identify the components of the branches of knowledge within each
of these blocks (with a schematic illustration of the developed model), which is aimed
at substantiating an interdisciplinary understanding of the nature and functional
purpose of crisis management.
DECISION SUPPORT IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS BASED ON RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors:   Public Utility Company City Sanitation Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Lapcevic Zoran ,   University of Defense in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka Street Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Soskic Svetislav
Published: December 2024

One of the fundamental characteristics of modern society is the increasing
number of situations where security is compromised. Special significance is given to
situations caused by human, natural, or technical-technological actions, collectively
referred to as "emergency situations." They are termed "emergencies" due to their
sudden, unexpected, and asymmetric negative consequences for people, property, and
the environment. The primary characteristic of emergency situations is uncertainty.
Uncertainty arises from the lack of sufficient human knowledge about certain
phenomena and the genesis of their occurrence. As a result, there is an inability to
accurately predict such occurrences or plan protective measures against these dangers.
The extent to which certain characteristics of dangers are understood allows humans
to act preventively, i.e., to prepare for action in case of danger escalation. The quality
of both preventive and curative measures depends on the quality of the decision-making
process regarding the type, location, timing, and forces needed for response. Most of
the necessary information is obtained by assessing the risks of specific dangers
occurring and determining their potential consequences.
THE DIBR-SAW MODEL FOR THE SELECTION OF LOCATION FOR OVERCOMING WATER BARRIER WITH DEEP DRAFT
Authors:   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukic Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Dojic Katarina ,   Military Academy, University of Defense in Belgrade, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Bozanic Darko ,   University of Defense in Belgrade , Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Milicevic Jovica
Published: December 2024

In this paper the issue of selecting a location for overcoming water barrier
with deep draft using hybrid model based on the Defining Interrelationships Between
Ranked criteria (DIBR) method and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is
discussed. The DIBR method is used to define the weight coefficients of criteria, while
the SAW method is used to rank the alternatives. The criteria conditioning the
overcoming of water barrier with deep draft are elaborated through the paper. Five
experts from the field of overcoming water barriers participated in the research.
EVOLUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THEORY AND STRATEGY OF DETERRENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   University of Defence in Belgrade, National Defense School, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 1, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Miljkovic Milan ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, National Defense School, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Berisa Hatidza ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 1, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Zgonjanin Srdjan
Published: December 2024

The paper analyzes the evolution and features of the Russian deterrence
theory and strategy. The paper states that the Russian approach to deterrence differs
from the Western conceptualization of this term. Deterrence from the point of view of
Russian military theory is much broader than the meaning that Western experts have
in mind. It advocates the use of threats to maintain the status quo, to change the current
strategic situation, as well as to prevent escalation or de-escalation. The term is used
to describe activities before and during military conflict, but is also applied during all
phases of war. The current concept of strategic deterrence, which represents the third
phase of the evolution of Russian theory and practice of deterrence, unequivocally
indicates the increased importance of non-military and within them informational
deterrence measures, which, together with military measures, represent an integrated
and holistic concept for shaping the adversary's decision-making.
HIGHER EDUCATION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS - PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors:   University of Nis, Faculty of Occupational Safety, Carnojevica 10 a, Nis, Republic of Serbia, Nikolic Vesna ,   University of Nis, Faculty of Occupational Safety, Carnojevica 10A, Nis, Republic of Serbia, Vukic Tamara
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of a research aimed at determining teachers’
attitudes regarding the problems and possibilities of online teaching in emergency
situations. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extraordinary living and working
conditions that have left some impact on the teaching and education systems. Therefore,
the problems and opportunities of online teaching have been observed in the context of
the pandemic. The research sample included 102 teachers from higher education
institutions on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. For the needs of the research, a
questionnaire with an assessment scale was prepared and shared with the teachers
through a link. The teachers expressed their perceptions, attitudes, opinions and
experiences related to personal competencies, preparation and support for online
classes, practical implementation of online teaching and their relationship with
students, as well as to didactic and methodological aspects of learning in an online
environment.
THE POSSIBILITY OF USING AN AIRBAG AS AN ALARM FOR INJURIES AT WORK
Authors:   Forest farm "Severni Kucaj" Kucevo, Trg Veljka Dugosevica 26, Kucevo, Republic of Serbia, Vasiljevic Predrag ,   Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Danilovic Milorad ,   Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Antonic Slavica
Published: December 2024

Chest injuries are rare but extremely life-threatening and can occur in all
industries. Although popular belief is otherwise, most injured persons can be saved by
appropriate surgical treatment. Thanks to the use of airbags as an alarm for workplace
injuries, an injured worker can notify nearby colleagues without being aware of it. This
alarm is triggered when the load exceeds 15 kilograms or when there is a loss of
pressure in the airbag, indicating a strong impact in the body region where the airbag
is located. In an enclosed environment, a receiver is located inside or outside the work
area that responds to this alarm and alerts other workers to an injury that occurred
through visual and audible signals. Airbags as workplace injury alarms can be used
successfully in a variety of fields and work environments, particularly in forestry,
agriculture, mining, construction, and machine room operations.
ACTIVITIES OF THE SLOVENIAN POLICE DURING THE 2023 FLOODS IN SLOVENIA
Authors:   Ministry of the Interior of Republic of Slovenia, Police, Slovenia, Ivancic Damir ,   Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia, Police, Slovenia, Vedenik Leon
Published: December 2024

In Slovenia, floods cause the most damage among natural disasters due to
their intensity and frequency. Sometimes they even claim human lives. Floods can occur
throughout the year but are most frequent during the period of heavy and prolonged
rainfall in the autumn. In the summer, floods are caused by storms and are mainly local
and torrential. In 2023, Slovenia was affected by widespread flooding that destroyed
or damaged a significant part of its infrastructure. The Slovenian Police have been
actively engaged in activities associated with the floods in accordance with the national
plan and the action plan. This paper describes the activities of the Slovenian Police in
response to the 2023 floods in Slovenia.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITY SECTOR IN COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION
Authors:   Sector Security, Street Sinise Mijatovica 9, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zoric Zeljko
Published: December 2024

In contrast to the developed part of the world, where the state has
transformed its role in the field of security and protection by creating a general security
framework and regulating the legal space for the development of security and
protection activities at all levels, in some transitional countries there is a
disorganization of the security sector, and the existing legal the regulations that
regulate the private security sector do not follow the trends of contemporary risks and
threats. Many jobs have been placed under the exclusive jurisdiction of private security,
such as security of persons and property, porter service, technical protection, control
of access to facilities, control of movement in facilities as well as protection of secret
data. The paper analyzes and compares the private security sector in countries in
transition.
APPLICATION OF SIMULATIONS IN TARGETING TRAINING
Authors:   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Jokic Zeljko ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33,
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Aleksic Aleksandar ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Radovanovic Marko
Published: December 2024

Through the definition of shooting with small arms and simulations, the paper
presents the process of fire training of soldiers. The importance of applying modern
technologies in training through the use of simulation simulators for shooting as a
useful teaching tool was emphasized. The VirTra simulation trainer intended for
shooting training with rifles and pistols was presented.
THE CONCEPT OF TOTAL DEFENSE IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors:   Human Resources Sector Ministry of defence, Beograd, Republic of Serbia, Eric Slađana
Published: December 2024

At all levels of social development, there are trends of change and adaptation
to the dynamic security environment. Defense systems based on solid foundations of
national and collective security, along with monitoring the scientific and technological
achievements of the modern age, see an equal need for revitalization as well as
modernization of their potential. Traditional concepts of the defense system confirm
their inviolability in the face of long-term crises even in the third decade of the 21st
century. However, the success of the sustainability and reorganization of the defense
system depends on the implementation of the results of the work of scientific and
professional circles. The concept of total defense shown in the case study of the
Republic of Serbia will describe the elements of the defense system common to all
national states, but also the specifics of a comprehensive approach to the concept of
total defense at the national level.