bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of blepharitis in adult patients in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Vidal-Orozco Cindy Vanessa , Saldarriaga-Santos Carolina
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Blepharitis is defined as a chronic inflammation of the eyelid margin and is a common cause of eye irritation. Its chronic nature, multiple etiologies and coexistence with ocular surface diseases makes its management a challenge. Although blepharitis is considered a common condition in our population, there is not enough information reported in the literature about its epidemiology or the frequency of the risk factors associated.

Aims and Objectives:

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in Bogotá, Colombia, and it was designed to identify blepharitis prevalence, and frequency of subtypes.

Results:

Blepharitis diagnosis was made in 68% (n = 215) of the patients, of whom 12.6% (n = 27) presented anterior blepharitis, 31.6% (n = 68) marginal blepharitis and 55.8% (n = 120) posterior blepharitis.

Conclusions:

We believe that blepharitis is an underdiagnosed condition in our country and may be different than that in other regions. We consider important to establish the real prevalence in our population to raise awareness, encourage early diagnosis, establish a foundation for new studies that allow us to identify and stablish risk factors and, of course, to evaluate therapeutic alternatives. The strategy to improve the rate of diagnosis of blepharitis would be through the education of the visual health professional in identifying the characteristic symptoms and signs of any type of blepharitis in order to be able to make an accurate classification and treatment.
A minimax inequality for inscribed cones revisited
Authors: Mustafaev Zokhrab
Published: August 2023

In 1993, E. Lutwak established a minimax inequality for inscribed cones of origin symmetric convex bodies. In this work, we re-prove Lutwak’s result using a maxmin inequality for circumscribed cylinders. Furthermore, we explore connections between the maximum volume of inscribed double cones of a centered convex body and the minimum volume of circumscribed cylinders of its polar body.
Left-invariant optimal control problems on Lie groups that are integrable by elliptic functions
Authors: Sachkov Yurii Leonidovich
Published: August 2023

Left-invariant optimal control problems on Lie groups are an important class of problems with a large symmetry group. They are theoretically interesting because they can often be investigated in full and general laws can be studied by using these model problems. In particular, problems on nilpotent Lie groups provide a fundamental nilpotent approximation to general problems. Also, left-invariant problems often arise in applications such as classical and quantum mechanics, geometry, robotics, visual perception models, and image processing.
The aim of this paper is to present a survey of the main concepts, methods, and results pertaining to left-invariant optimal control problems on Lie groups that can be integrated by elliptic functions. The focus is on describing extremal trajectories and their optimality, the cut time and
cut locus, and optimal synthesis.
Bibliography: 162 titles.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 6 distribution among Burkinabè population
Authors: Karfo Raoul , Soudre Fabienne Marie , Kiba Alice , Kouraogo Arnaud , Kabre Elie , Sakande Jean
Published: August 2023

Mutations affect the genes that encode certain cytochromes P450 (CYP450) isoenzymes that are responsible for metabolism of drugs. The  aim of this study was to determine the frequency of CYP2B6 (516G>T) SNP in the Burkinabè population. Genomic DNA extraction  from blood was performed by GenJET® Genomic DNA according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Genotyping for the cytochrome P450  variant alleles was performed using predesigned primers. The amplification was carried out by PCR while the differentiation between the  alleles was carried out after digestion with restriction enzymes by electrophoresis. The CYP2B6 c.516G>T was successfully analyzed in  92,38% (291/315) of the study participants. Among the investigated individuals, the distribution of the major allele CYP2B6*G was 56%  and the minor CYP2B6*T allele was 44%. The results obtained showed a prevalence of 56% for the G allele and 44% for the T allele. This  was distributed as 31% for the GG genotype (reduced dosage required), 51% for the GT genotype (normal dosage range), and 18% for the  TT genotype (high drug toxicity). The presence of the rapid and poor metabolizer phenotypes in the studied sample shows the need  for additional studies to better assess their impact on Burkinabe people.
Variation des caractéristiques physico-chimiques et microbiologiques au cours de la production du ferment traditionnel des racines de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) bouillies avec la pelure
Authors: Boli Zamblé Bi Irié Abel , Goly Kouassi Roselin Cyrille , N’sa Koky Marc Celaire , Kouacou Yao Sounzoussié Serge Hermann , Koffi-Nevry Rose
Published: August 2023

No Abstract
Circulation du virus de l’hépatite B chez les donneurs de sang dans la Région de Mamou - République de Guinée
Authors: Barry Mody Sory , Diallo Mamadou Gando , Diallo Souleymane , Boiro Mamadou Yéro , Soumah Lansana II
Published: August 2023

L´hépatite B est une infection virale aiguë du foie qui peut devenir chronique et être à l´origine d´une cirrhose et d´un cancer primitif du  foie. L’objectif de la présente étude était de mettre en relation le risque de transmission du VHB lors de la transfusion sanguine. La  technique immuno-enzymatique ELISA a été utilisée au cours de l’analyse. Au vu des résultats obtenus, malgré l’implication des autorités  en charge de la santé, l’hépatite virale B reste un problème de santé publique majeur en République de Guinée. Les  laboratoires des hôpitaux préfectoraux de la région administrative de Mamou ont servi de cadre d’étude. Sur un effectif de 250 donneurs  de sang sur lesquels avait porté notre enquête, il a été notifié que 10 donneurs étaient porteurs de l’AgHBs du VHB avec un âge moins de  36,5±2,3 ans. Il s’agit d’une étude prospective expérimentale de type descriptive réalisée de Juin à Septembre 2022. Au vu des  résultats obtenus, malgré l’implication des autorités en charge de la santé, l’hépatite virale B reste un problème de santé publique  majeur en République de Guinée.

English title: Circulation of the hepatitis B virus among blood donors in the Kindia Region - Republic of Guinea

Hepatitis B is an acute viral infection of the liver which can become chronic and cause cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. The objective of  the present study was to relate the risk of HBV transmission during blood transfusion. The immunoenzymatic ELISA technique was used  during the analysis. In view of the results obtained, despite the involvement of the authorities in charge of health, viral hepatitis B  remains a major public health problem in the Republic of Guinea. The laboratories of the prefectural hospitals of the administrative region of Mamou served as a framework for the study. Out of a total of 250 blood donors covered by our survey, it was notified that 10  donors were carriers of HBsAg of HBV with an age of less than 36.5±2.3 years. This is a descriptive experimental prospective study carried  out from June to September 2022. In view of the results obtained, despite the involvement of the authorities in charge of health,  viral hepatitis B remains a major public health problem in the Republic of Guinea
Prevalence and risk factors of trichomoniasis in patients attending two medical centres in urban and rural areas in the North West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Eyong Ebanga Echi Joan , Landred Kezongkenyingong , Njimated Nfor Omarine Nlinwe epse , Katamssadan Tofel Haman
Published: August 2023

Trichomoniasis has been increasingly recognised over the past decade, underlining its importance as a public health problem. This study  aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of trichomoniasis in patients in urban and rural areas in the NW Region, Cameroon.  Three hundred and forty-four samples, were gotten from the vagina and urethra using sterile swaps. Wet mount microscopy,  sedimentation concentration technique and staining were used to observe collected samples. Risk factors were assessed via  questionnaires. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Chi square test was used to test for differences in proportions in  different categories, regression analysis was used to test the relationship between prevalence and risk factors in the study. The overall  prevalence of trichomoniasis was 16.3% (56) and prevalence was higher in the urban area 20.9% (36) than in the rural area 11.6% (20).  Females were more infected 19.8% (51) than males 5.8% (5), singles had a higher prevalence 18.6% (22) compared to those married 15.9%  (34). The risk factors of interest included; having multiple sexual partners, no use of condoms during sex, and lack of hygiene.  Trichomoniasis prevalence in the study was high (16.3%) indicating the need for more sensitization. Rural areas are not free from this  infection and also merit extra preventive and treatment efforts.
Metaverso
Authors: Pernisa Júnior Carlos , Ferreira Moreno Marcelo
Published: August 2023

O artigo analisa a proposta do professor Scott Galloway, da Universidade de Nova York, no SXSW, em Austin, Texas, em abril de 2022. Ele fez críticas ao que Mark Zuckerberg, criador do Facebook, hoje Meta, apresentou como sendo o futuro da Internet, dizendo que não seria viável um metaverso baseado em realidade virtual. Esta ideia tem suas razões. Uma delas é a dificuldade de se implementar uma estrutura visual para manter o metaverso, além dos custos dos equipamentos necessários para se ter acesso a ele. Há outros motivos para se pensar que os ideais de Zuckerberg não são os mais fáceis e simples de se cumprirem, que serão analisados no decorrer desta exposição. Falas do próprio Zuckerberg, e de pessoas ligadas a ele, e matérias sobre metaverso servirão de base para reflexão, além de outros pontos relevantes para se demonstrar como a ideia pode ser considerada plural e inclusiva.
Direitos e Liberdades
Authors: Follain de Figueiredo Vera Lúcia , Carauta Alexandre
Published: August 2023

A Alceu 49 ilumina entrelaces entre a comunicação e desafios sociais contemporâneos. Diferentes perspectivas teóricas ampliam e atualizam discussões sobre preconceitos estruturais, assédio, cidadania, democracia, consumo. Os oito textos desta edição reforçam, portanto, o compromisso da revista com a diversidade e com as implicações da publicidade, do jornalismo, do audiovisual nas dinâmicas culturais e políticas.
ANALISIS KEKUATAN TARIK MATERIAL KOMPOSIT SERAT ALAM DAUN AGEL DENGAN VARIASI MATRIK EPOXY DAN POLYESTER PADA ORIENTASI ARAH SERAT 00 dan 900
Authors: Syahrul Ramadhan Muhammad , Rislya Prakasa Lado
Published: August 2023

Nilai kekuatan tarik material komposit berpenguat serat daun agel dengan variasi penggunaan jenis matrik, orientasi arah serat, dan tambahan filler sebagai penguat masih belum dikaji hingga saat ini. Melalui penelitian ini dilakukan pengkajian pengaruh penggunaan jenis matrik epoxy dan polyester, serta susunan orientasi arah serat 00 dan 900, dan tambahan filler berupa serbuk kayu terhadap nilai kekuatan tarik material komposit berpenguat serat daun agel. Proses fabrikasi material komposit dilakukan melalui metode hand lay-up dengan bentuk spesimen sesuai standar ASTM  D3039, kemudian uji tarik dilakukan menggunakan alat Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Adapun hasil kekuatan tarik material komposit berpenguat serat daun agel yang difabrikasi dengan matrik epoxy pada arah serat 00 dan 900 masing-masing adalah sebesar 9,6 MPa dan 9,2 MPa, kemudian material komposit berpenguat serat daun agel yang difabrikasi dengan matrik polyester pada arah serat 00 dan 900 masing-masing adalah sebesar 7,2 MPa dan 14,4 MPa.
ANALISIS PROSES RUBBER DEPOSIT REMOVAL PADA RUNWAY BANDAR UDARA FATMAWATI SOEKARNO BENGKULU TERHADAP KESELAMATAN PENERBANGAN
Authors: Saputri Popi Dwi , Nawang Ginusti Gallis
Published: August 2023

Runway merupakan fasilitas utama sebagai tempat lepas landas dan pendaratan pesawat. Pesawat membutuhkan kondisi landas pacu runway yang memenuhi syarat untuk menjamin keselamatan penerbangan. Banyaknya aktivitas pesawat udara melakukan pendaratan (landing) di runway berkontribusi pada timbulnya rubber deposit. Akibat penumpukan karet ini  mengakibatkan permukaan perkerasan runway menjadi licin dan meningkatkan resiko bahaya pesawat tergelincir pada saat take off dan landing. Sehingga pemeliharaan runaway menjadi sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses pembersihan rubber deposit pada runway berdasarkan peraturan dan SOP yang berlaku di Bandara Fatmawati Soekarno Bengkulu. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan analisis kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa proses rubber deposit removal di Bandar Udara Fatmawati Soekarno Bengkulu dilakukan 1 kali dalam 2 tahun berdasarkan dengan pergerakan jumlah pesawat yang tidak lebih dari 15 pergerakan dalam satu hari yang telah diatur dalam SOP sesuai KP 94 tahun 2015. Namun, pada tahun 2020 dilakukan pembersihan ulang untuk kesiapan dan memastikan kekesatan runway. Dalam proses tersebut tidak dilakukan pengujian kekesatan dengan menggunakan alat uji skiddometer, tetapi menurut peraturan kekesatan landasan tidak bisa diperkirakan kekesatannya.
EVALUASI KINERJA ANTENA MICROSTRIP SINGGLE, ARRAY 1X2 DAN ARRAY 1X4 PADA FREKUENSI 3.2 GHZ
Authors: Pambudiyatno Nyaris , Harianto Bambang Bagus , Irfansyah Ade
Published: August 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisa karakteristik antena pada frekuensi 3.2 GHz yang meliputi nilai return loss, VSWR, gain, bandwidth dan angular width (3dB) .Karakteristik antena telah didesain menggunakan simulasi yang dibuat dengan substrat fr-4 dengan konstanta dielektrik =4.3 dan ketebalan substrat  = 1.6 mm dan patch dari copper dengan ketebalan patch 0.035 mm. Antenna single dibuat terlebih dahulu untuk mendapatkan parameter yang diinginkan kemudian dilanjutkan pembuatan antenna array 1x2 dan 1x4. Feeding antenna array disusun dengan menggunakan teknik wilkinson power divider pada sisi patch nya. Perencanaan antena array memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai gain antena maupun nilai keterarahan (directivity) antena. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan nilai berturut turut mulai dari antena single, antenna array 1x2 dan antenna array 1x4 yang meliputi return loss  -21,5 dB,-15,06 dB dan -13,25 dB. Nilai SWR masing masing 1.2,1,4 dan 1,5. Nilai gain masing masing 5,67 dB, 8.5 dB dan 11.35 dB. Bandwidth antena didapatkan sebesar 78.7, 77.2 dan 82.3. Angular width didapatkan sebesar 98.90, 86.50 dan 79.20.
Les tres redaccions del Libre de consolació d'ermità – indicis del mètode literari de Ramon Llull
Authors: Brummer Rudolf
Published: August 2023

There are only a few opportunities to gain insight into Ramon Llull's literary working methods. The three versions of the Libre de consolació d'ermità offer a starting point. We know that Llull himself wrote in Catalan and Latin. A Catalan version from August 1313, an undated Latin version and a Latin version from November 1313 are available for the work mentioned. Llull first wrote the Catalan text, then began translating it into Latin, but soon only noted key words (perhaps so that he could dictate the text later, which hardly ever happened). He then reformulated the whole result in Latin, sometimes shortening it compared to the Catalan original, sometimes expanding it, sometimes making it more precise, and thus creating a small, independent work.
La llegenda de la rendició del comte Hug V d'Empúries en la historiografia catalana medieval
Authors: Cortadellas i Vallès Anna
Published: August 2023

Towards the end of the 13th century, Count Hugo V of Empúries led a noble conspiracy against the Catalan king Jaume I. The count was eventually subjugated, and a peace treaty was signed. According to the Crònica de Sant Joan de la Penya, which was commissioned by King Peter III in the 14th century, the Count was not forced to rebuild the royal palace of Figueres, which his army had destroyed during the war; but it was precisely this event that became the crux of a gradually emerging legend. Some points, such as the formation of legends, the amalgamation of different historical events and the analogy to the legend of Mir de Biern, are dealt with, as well as the possibility of a conscious political instrumentalization of the legend in support of King Peter III’s policy towards the rights and duties of the nobles.
Catalans i immigrats en un barri perifèric de Barcelona: la qüestió de les actituds
Authors: Bierbach Christine
Published: August 2023

The article examines the problem of attitudes towards language and language policy in a district of Barcelona during the initial phase of the official language normalization campaign (normalització lingüística 1980/81, follow-up examination 1986) using the methods of «qualitative» or «interpretative» sociolinguistics (Gumperz, Auer / di Luzio et al.), i.e. on the basis of open interviews and participatory observation and with the tools of discourse and conversation analysis. It turns out that the attitudes expressed always depend on social roles (and role definitions) and experiences, and that in this context apparent inconsistencies and contradictions in behavior can also be explained. After a detailed discussion of the theoretical requirements, this is exemplified through two case studies.
Sprachliche Normalisierung und lexikalische Modernisierung des Katalanischen
Authors: Brumme Jenny
Published: August 2023

Based on a corpus of neologisms extracted from Catalan newspapers (published between 1979 and 1983), the author aims to show two fundamental trends in the lexical modernization of Catalan: a) the innovation of socio-political vocabulary reinforces the international character of the lexicon and the models that serve for the formation of new words, while the discourse on the norm gives a clearly purist orientation; b) in the sense of neologisms, there is also a slight tendency towards the elimination of castillianisms, that is, towards a differentiation from Spanish, while the integration of anglicisms and gallicisms is much easier. Despite this, the first trend is predominant, especially in the reduction of internal models of word formation in favor of those that are used, preferably, also in other languages. Finally, reflections are made on the methodological-theoretical value of analyzes for the establishment of a theory of language policy.
Bernhard Schädel i els Països Catalans
Authors: Eberenz-Greoles Carme
Published: August 2023

Since his death Bernhard Schädel has only rarely been mentioned in Catalanist publications and in handbooks on Romance studies, despite being a pioneer of Catalan philology and pioneer of the consolidation of the Catalan language at the beginning of the 20th century. In the Catalan countries, his work is always discussed alongside that of his Majorcan friend, the philologist Antoni M. Alcover; two of Alcover's most important achievements, which made a decisive contribution to the aforementioned consolidation, namely the Diccionari català-valencià-balear and the "Primer Congrés de la Llengua Catalana" (1906), were greatly influenced by Schädel as a scientific advisor and collaborator.
As a young lecturer in Romance languages ​​in Halle, Schädel published several studies on Catalan phonetics and dialectology. However, he was primarily a publicist and the initiator of scientific projects. Various circumstances –including differences of opinion with the three Catalan scholarship holders he had brought to Halle, his appointment as a professor at the Colonial Institute in Hamburg, and then the First World War– led to a cooling off in his relations with Catalonia after 1909. He then devoted himself more to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America. He died unexpectedly in 1926, in the midst of his work as professor at the University of Hamburg and as director of the Ibero-American Institute, which he had founded.
Ausgrenzung und Integration arthurischer Themen im katalanischen Mittelalter (von Muntaners Crònica, Blandín de Cornulla und Torroellas La Faula zu Martorells Tirant lo Blanc)
Authors: Wild Gerhard
Published: August 2023

Contrary to Castilian literature, Catalan texts of the Middle Ages reject the reception of Arthurian material. In our study, we discuss the reasons for this phenomenon: The Catalan literary system does not tolerate the combination of “fields of fascination” typical of the genre; love, chivalry and the miraculous –categories necessarily associated in the Arthurian novel– are distributed in Catalan literature in different genres: While love is beginning to be the almost exclusive theme of lyric, the chronicles prefer to deal with heroic affairs. Since the miraculous remains for a long time in the field of clerical literature, the fantastic field of the Arthurian genre is gradually introduced using the techniques of sacred discourse: The Arthurian theme penetrates Catalan literature through the dream or with an allegorical mask.
Die Katalanen in Kuba: Sprache und Kultur im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Brumme Jenny , Schubert Regina
Published: August 2023

The article deals with a little-known chapter in the history of the Catalan language and culture: its presence outside the Catalan Countries, especially in Cuba. The political tendencies and the emergence of Catalanism are reflected in the founding and organization of a Centre Català (Catalan Center) and a Societat de Beneficiència de Naturals de Catalunya(Charity Society for Catalans). The struggles for the preservation and promotion of the Catalan language in the Catalan-speaking community indicate a growing awareness at the end of the 19th century, culminating in the 1920s, and show a parallel evolution to that of Catalonia in terms of linguistic debate.
Variants dels pronoms febles de 3a persona al País Valencià: regles fonosintàctiques i morfològiques subjacents
Authors: Todolí Júlia
Published: August 2023

The article tries to develop and systematize identifying characteristics for the variants of 3rd person pronouns that are common in the colloquial Catalan of the country of València, using phonosyntactic rules (e.g., addition of epenthetic vowels) and functional morphological criteria (additional marking of case or gender; if necessary, neutralization of numerus). Some of the forms classified as interferences with Castilian seem to be motivated internally by the language and refer to spontaneous development tendencies of the spoken language, as they are also documented for the colloquial Catalan of Barcelona. For the speakers, they primarily result in a simplification of the complicated pronominalization rules of Catalan.
Narcís Comadiras L'hora dels adéus: Ein katalanisches Identitätsproblem im zeitgenössischen Theater
Authors: Ebmeyer Michael
Published: August 2023

In the last ten years, Catalan stages have experienced a new presence of text theater. A whole ‘generation’ of new local playwrights has been established, and the importance and prestige of theater in public life in Catalonia has grown significantly. These developments raise the question of how the problems and conflicts of the surrounding society are reflected in contemporary theater. The article proposes an analysis of Narcís Comadira's L'hora dels adéus as a work of social commitment especially critical of the officially propagated models of Catalan identity, which formulates a vision of cultural and linguistic mixture, as an alternative to a country determined by a “past that doesn’t happen”. The last part of the article contrasts the provocative potential of this dramatic text with its rather inoffensive staging at the Romea theater in Barcelona.
Apunts sobre el lleidatà: fonètica i morfosintaxi
Authors: Casanovas Montserrat , Creus Imma
Published: August 2023

The article provides a research overview of Lleidatan, i.e. the spoken Western Catalan varieties of the Catalan province of Lleida, located inland and bordering the Pyrenees and Aragon. The authors describe the most important characteristics of Lleidatan from the fields of phonetics and phonology (vocalism and consonantism) and morphosyntax (verbal and nominal), and provide a research overview in each case. The lexicon is largely excluded, since its description was difficult to systematize; specific syntactic phenomena are observed only in a few cases.
Einige Notizen zur Etymologie von kat. borratja, borraina
Authors: Grab-Kempf Elke
Published: August 2023

This article interprets the form borratja as a direct arabism because in vulgar Arabic there is an etymon that is both formally and semantically acceptable: bū hur(r)ays "drunk".

The word borraina, on the other hand, is considered a borrowing transmitted through the low Latin borragine(m), which, in turn, comes from the same etymological basis, the vulgar Arabic (Hispano-Arabic and Maghreb) bū hur(r)ayš that designates borratja and other related plants.
Existeix la vocal neutra en català nord-occidental? Caracterització acústica d'algunes vocals àtones emeses a la televisió de Lleida
Authors: Carrera i Sabaté Josefina
Published: August 2023

In Catalan dialectology, the presence of the central vowel schwa is considered a key feature that distinguishes Eastern Catalan from the Western Catalan. The article deals with the question to what extent Western Catalan's Lleida dialect, under the influence of Barcelona's Eastern Catalan prestige variety, nevertheless begins to integrate this sound, which is actually foreign there. The analysis is based on empirical material obtained from television broadcasts by local Lleida TV. Here, the relevant vowel phonemes are examined phonetically for their formant frequencies. It is shown that although centralisation phenomena can certainly be observed, Lleidatan has on the whole remained true to its Western Catalan character.
Estudi lèxic de la Poesia Escènica de Joan Brossa. Anàlisi de les concordances
Authors: Cuadrado i Camps Sandra
Published: August 2023

This paper studies the structure of the lexicon in the prolific poetic work of Joan Brossa (1919-1998) by applying corpus-linguistic methodology for the analysis of his literary and visual poetry and, particularly, to his poesia escènica, i.e. to his theatre plays. Through the analysis of frequencies and collocations found in concordances of Brossa’s texts, it is shown that his most productive and prominent vocabulary belongs to the semantic fields of nature and the human body. Furthermore, the various creative processes and strategies used by the author and playwright in his ludic approach to the semiotic triangle of designation, concept and reference are detailed and illustrated. In following this empirical methodology, the study is able to confirm important findings concerning the style of Brossa which have been suggested in previous, interpretation-based literary studies on this important avant-gardist author.
Cortesia i traducció al català de marques d'atenuació en les peticions
Authors: Guzman Josep R.
Published: August 2023

The present article deals with the topic of the translation of requests from German to Catalan and the role of politeness analysis in these translations. In this context, the problem that arises in translation due to the use of certain pragmatic attenuation markers in a type of exhortative speech act is investigated. It turns out that, first of all, it is necessary to determine the factors that regulate the level of courtesy between the interlocutors, following several formulations. Secondly, from an intercultural perspective, which is so necessary in translation, it must be borne in mind that the use of certain markers or others depends on cultural conventions.
Die Sprachpolitik auf den Balearen
Authors: Melià Joan
Published: August 2023

This article deals with the linguistic normalization process in the Balearic Islands. It first presents basic data on the Catalan-speaking population of the archipelago and the influence of Castilian on the local Catalan, e.g. through television and tourism. Secondly, it gives information about linguistic policy strategies such as, for example, the promotion of linguistic standardization by the Government of the Balearic Islands, which uses Catalan as the official language in administrative acts. It insists on the fact that the normalization process must include the entire population and must also promote the acquisition of the language (also by the non-Catalan-speaking part of the population) through language courses and above all with the help of television and radio, and the knowledge of Catalan. This favors the use of Catalan in situations of contact between the non-Catalan-speaking population and the Catalan-speaking population and its use with speakers of other languages.
Exordis persuasius
Authors: Besa Josep
Published: August 2023

This article argues for the desirability of paying attention to the contributions of both ancient rhetoric and modern rhetoric in teaching argumentative writing. Within the framework of the first - ancient - rhetoric, Quintilian (1.) provides us with a typology of erroneous exordia, i.e. speech openings, in which one can recognize a large part of the introductions as they are created by learners with little writing and text competence; and (2) the idea that the style of the exordium should not resemble that of argument, but rather one of "simple and careless talking". In the context of the second – new – rhetoric, Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca emphasize the importance of the arrangement of the expository steps within an argumentative text for the persuasive effect that this text has on the addressee. The contributions of rhetoric are followed by the critical considerations of Harald Weinrich, who laments the discredit that the narrative form has received over the past centuries when it comes to verbalizing profound topics that are typical of science.
Una mostra primerenca de la influència de Goethe sobre Maragall: la sèrie Claror
Authors: Duran Martí
Published: August 2023

Some of the early goethian influences on the original poetry by Maragall can be found in the poems from his series Claror. They are only preceded by a few translations of the poet from Weimar. Maragall, who for biographical reasons finds himself in the same situation as Goethe when he wrote Roman Elegies, imitates the German author in many topics. On the one hand, Maragall does not understand the crucial point in Roman Elegies, on the other hand, neither does his limited classic culture allow him to stage his love to Clara Noble in the ancient Rome. On the formal level Maragall also only uses very few of the resources that Goethe offered him.
Der Naturraum der Pyrenäen als Epochenmerkmal für den Modernismus (Caterina Albert: Solitud, 1904-05)
Authors: Friedlein Roger
Published: August 2023

The natural space of the Pyrenees can be found at the heart of some paradigmatic texts both from the Renaixença (Verdaguer, Balaguer) and from Modernism (C. Albert). During the Renaixença it is combined with the Catalan Medieval Ages in order to contribute to the formation of historical national myths. In Modernism, nature’s functionality is modified, which is demonstrated obviously in the Pyrenean novel Solitud (1904/5) by Catarina Albert (pseud. Víctor Català). Víctor Català strips nature of its historical connotations. Unlike the texts from the Renaixença, the Pyrenees are named with fictitious toponyms and they are used as an example for a natural space that humans have to face and with which they share an essential and individual relation. So the Pyrenees cease to present the famous historic scenery, personification of the home country and space of identification. A place of intraliterary evolution is created: Víctor Català assigns a new function to the fairy tales from the Pyrenees – known through the verdaguerian Canigó – and she puts them into the service of the psychological analysis. The innovation that has been achieved by the modernist prose is due to the fact that human individual dynamics – created thanks to the mountainous nature – have been tackled, while the collective identity topic, that was so characteristic during the Renaixença, is resituated within another discourse, nowadays particularly political and theoretical.
Els codis socioculturals de la «viuda desheretada» a Pilar Prim de Narcís Oller i a Middlemarch de George Eliot
Authors: Soler Maridès
Published: August 2023

The motive of the «disinherited widow» has found until now little consideration in literature. Therefore it is interesting to study two novels published within a few decades of each other and which address this problem: Middlemarch (1871/1872), one of the well-known novels by George Eliot, and Pilar Prim (1906) by Narcís Oller. Although it has not been proven, it seems plausible that Oller knew the English novel, because he read a lot of contemporary literature and, besides this, maintained close contact with French literary circles, where the French translations of Eliot’s novels were familiar. This article studies the socio-cultural differences, analogies and consequences of the forced renunciation of the deceased husband’s fortune of two wealthy widows, because a codicile in testament hinders a second marriage. The main problem is not this renunciation, but that the sec ond husband is poor, and so the widow must choose love, poverty and social isolation or wealth, loneliness and social appreciation.

Keywords: Disinherited widow ; Oller, Narcís: Pilar Prim; Eliot, George: Middlemarch; English novel; influence on Catalan novel; socio-cultural codes in English novel 19. c.; socio-cultural codes in Catalan novel 19. c.
Joan Coromines i el lèxic dels altres valencians
Authors: Gargallo Gil José Enrique
Published: August 2023

“Els altres valencians”, ‘the Other Valencians’, a phrase inspired by an expression in Joan Fuster’s (1962) Nosaltres, els valencians, alludes to the singularity that characterizes the traditionally Spanish-speaking population in the Valencian territory. The present article aims at illustrating the way that Joan Coromines’ DECat and DCECH treat the lexicon of these ‘other Valencians’. It shows that Coromines uses the label xurro to refer to the corresponding dialects, their speakers and to the territory. The article provides information on (printed and oral) sources used by the etymologist, as well as detailed references. It includes an alphabetical lexical list with additional data and is based on abundant and exactly referenced quotes from the two etymological dictionaries by Joan Coromines.Keywords: Lexicon, xurro, Castilian-Aragonese dialects, Valencians, etymological dictionaries, Coromines / Joan.
"Algherese? Sì, ma solo per scherzare." Zum Gebrauch katalanischer Versatzstücke in der Jugendsprache von L'Alguer
Authors: Simon Sophia
Published: August 2023

Summary: In the northwestern Sardinian city of Alghero (l’Alguer), three distinct languages are spoken. Italian is the administrative language of the island; Sardinian exists in all its different variants; and, not surprisingly, given the centuries-long occupation of Sardinia by the Corona de Catalunya i Aragó, there is also Algherese or Alguerès, a Catalan dialect. The goal of the field research on which the following article is based was to collect data on the present-day use of Algherese and on the vitality of a local variant which must hold its ground on the one hand against the superiority of Italian in all areas of life and on the other hand with the help – or in spite – of the language-promotion measures of the Catalonian administration. Using the example of the local youth, this article sketches a social-linguistic description of the particular situation of the inhabitants, who to a certain extent find themselves between several linguistic and cultural contexts. Qualitative interviews with Alghero teenagers undertaken by the author in 2008 serve as the source and some excerpts are provided here. The fact that these interviews could only be done in Italian and not in Algherese or Standard Catalan provides one crucial observation: the natural everyday language of these young people, or the language in which one can address them, is Italian – and not the local variant of Catalan. The latter is used, at best, as a linguistic prop or to “spice up” particular expressions. Even so, or because of this, Algherese has an identity-creation function in peer groups. This is a characteristic feature that, despite the small number of concrete examples from the Catalan language, justifies placing this article in the larger context of Catalan youth idiom, which is the overarching theme of the contributions in this thematic issue. [Keywords: Sardinia, dialects, language policy, minorities, multilingualism, identity, sociolinguistics].
Al seu rotllo: aproximació al llenguatge juvenil català
Authors: Bernal Elisenda , Sinner Carsten
Published: August 2023

Summary: The paper examines the lexicon used by young Catalan speakers by studying a night-time radio program called Prohibit als pares (‘Parents Not Allowed’), which the station Ràdio Flaixbac FM aired during the period of Sept. 2003–July 2006. The show targeted mainly young people and dealt with topics such as love, sex, friendship, infidelity or drugs. The published materials manage to convey the no-holds-barred nature of the program, rendering the text very close to the hearts of young people, who identify with what is said. Precisely because of the specific features of the show and the accurate rendition of the actual words used by these speakers (and not, as stated, because of the spelling, morphology or syntax), the corpus allows us to describe the colloquial lexicon of young people today: what type of lexical mechanisms are used (loanwords, derivations?), to what extent these mechanisms pertain to the Catalan language or are otherwise borrowed or new, etc. [Keywords: Catalan, lexicon, teenagers’ language, word formation].
Les varietats estàndards catalanes com a condicionants d'un futur diccionari alemany-català
Authors: Riutort Riutort Macià
Published: August 2023

Summary: The aim of this article is to show that the composition of a future Catalan/German / German/Catalan dictionary can only be carried out as follows: the Catalan part must be coordinated by a workgroup made up of Catalan, Valencian and Balearic researchers who will be responsible for the inclusion of relevant vocabulary. Therefore, the vocabulary of Valencian and Balearic lemmas in both dictionaries must appear with diatopic markings. Only by doing so will the reality of Catalan be assured as a language with a “diffuse and pluricentric standard”. In our opinion, this method will fully acknowledge the pluricentric character of the Catalan language. One must bear in mind that Catalan does not only have an ideal standard, as defined by the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (I.E.C.), but also what the author considers as a diffused standard one, that is, the spoken language used by the upper-middle class Catalan speaker. We thus consider that a future German-Catalan / Catalan-German Dictionary should take into account this diffused standard Catalan, which, after all, forms an integral part of the reality of the language. [Keywords: Asymmetrical pluricentric language; standard language; norm; non-dominant languages; varieties; pluricentricity of Catalan; diffuse logic; diffuse standard; lexicography]
El cinema transgenèric d'Isaki Lacuesta i el diàleg amb Miquel Barceló
Authors: Martí-Olivella Jaume
Published: August 2023

Summary: This study deals with the figure of Isaki Lacuesta, a young filmmaker from Girona, and his already prominent role within Catalonia’s new cinema. Lacuesta’s cinema relies as much on new academic tenets as it does on a redefinition of the avant-garde cinema once espoused by some of the members of the Barcelona School during the sixties and seventies of the 20th century. A brief survey of Lacuesta’s trajectory via his feature films to date allows us to formulate an initial inflection point, a kind of artistic continuum that could be summarized in the figure of the “trace,” understood in its double archeological and rhetorical sense. It is the trace left by the mysterious passage of myth both in its historical and its imaginary aspects. This study attempts, ultimately, to offer an analysis of El cuaderno de barro (The Mud Notebook, 2011), and Los pasos dobles (Double Steps, 2011) that emphasizes their dual vertebration and their simultaneous creation and that proves the polymorphous and transgeneric nature that characterizes Lacuesta’s entire work. [Keywords: Isaki Lacuesta; avant-garde; trace; trangeneric cinema; New Catalan Cinema]
Directoras de cine en Cataluña: Un recorrido histórico
Authors: Camí-Vela María
Published: August 2023

Summary: In Catalonia, like in other nations, the incorporation of women directors into the film industry was slow and the number small, with the aggravating situation in Catalan society of forty years of a dictatorship that kept women relegated to the domestic sphere. It is not until the late 80s and during the 90s that a new generation of women directors occupy with their cameras the streets of Barcelona, initiating a creative journey of self-discovering, and creating a cinematic gendered urban space that rejects patriarchal power relations and hegemonic concepts of national and sexual identities, while they give voice to new identities; new subjectsminorities-communities that, like them, started being visible in post-Franco Catalonia. Some directors contextualize their narratives with the construction of a cinematic gaze based on a negotiation with the Other marginal subject. Other filmmakers explore the formation-representation of the city image and its significance in the context of state terrorism and the relation between Catalonia and Spain. The directors and their films contribute to the critical analysis, of city and space, of modernity and gender, of history and memory, and the imposed transformation of the city of Barcelona by globalization. [Keywords: Women directors; Catalonia; Barcelona; cinematic gaze; city image; space]
Sprachlandschaft in der Grenzregion: Eine Linguistic Landscape Study in Llívia (Cerdanya)
Authors: Pusch Claus D.
Published: August 2023

Summary: The present contribution studies the written presence of different languages in the public space of the municipality of Llívia (Cerdanya / Pyrenees), an enclave of the Spanish state on French territory. Applying the sociolinguistic methodology known as Linguistic Landscape Studies, it analyzes the use of Catalan, Castilian, French and English in bottom-up commercial signage in Llívia. It turns out that Catalan predominates in the old town center, while along the main thoroughfare, written language use shows more variation. French, despite being less frequent in absolute terms, shows up prominently and with high visibility in certain commercial branches such as gastronomy and health / beauty / wellness services. [Keywords: Linguistic Landscape Studies; bottomup signs; border towns; multilingualism; Llívia; Cerdanya; Catalonian Pyrenees]
Deux langues à valeurs contrastées: Représentations et perceptions de l'occitan et du catalan
Authors: Joubert Aurélie
Published: August 2023

Summary: This chapter presents a comparative analysis of the Catalan and Occitan sociolinguistic situations. Whereas these two sister languages have often been studied in parallel up until the modern period, they are now often opposed because of the differences in institutional support and prospects of maintenance. This comparative or contrastive study investigates the origins of the discrepancy of the Occitan and Catalan situations in terms of the speakers’ linguistic conscience and linguistic identity. An analysis of the treatment of diglossia by Occitan and Catalan sociolinguists sheds lights on the similarities and differences in the theorisation of power relations between dominant and dominated languages over two territories, France and Spain. The transnational aspect of these two languages, with Occitan being spoken in the Aran valley and Catalan in the region of Roussillon, is also examined and demonstrates the impact of national policies in France and the lack of global community identification for Occitan. In this way, the findings highlight the manner in which language ideologies present at the macro-level, can affect the speakers’ socio-psychological representations of Occitan and Catalan. [Keywords: Occitan sociolinguistics; Catalan sociolinguistics; Romance sociolinguistics; diglossia; language ideologies; language attitudes; linguistic conscience; linguistic identity; transnational situation; power relations]
Les fórmules de resposta en català: presència i tractament en els diccionaris monolingües i bilingües català-alemany
Authors: Alsina Victòria
Published: August 2023

Summary: This article examines Catalan formulaic responses, with special focus on those responses conveying an ironic or mocking attitude. 41 items of this set of formulaic expressions are examined to determine their treatment in general-language and in bilingual German-Catalan dictionaries. It is found that they can be divided into three different types: a) responses to general statements; b) responses to formulaic expressions, and c) ironic responses to concrete phrases. The three types receive different lexicographic treatment: type a) is widely present both in general and bilingual dictionaries, type b) less so, while type c) is almost totally absent from dictionaries. It is concluded that this type of expressions merits further study. [Keywords: formulaic expressions, formulaic responses, phraseology, lexicography, Catalan, German]
Alguns marcadors d'oposició en Diccionari per a ociosos de Joan Fuster i en les seves traduccions
Authors: Salvador Vicent
Published: August 2023

Summary: This paper analyzes several markers of opposition or contrast in the essay Diccionari per a ociosos (Dictionary for the idle) by Joan Fuster and in its translations to Spanish, English, Italian and French. It adopts a contrastive stylistic perspective that takes into account the genre of this book and studies the discursive construction of the author’s ethos. The paper examines firstly the main concessive constructions (including concessive conditionals) and connectives contained in the essay, contrasting them with the choices made by translators. Later, it includes other oppositive/contrastive discourse markers within the texts examined. Furthermore, it characterizes the degree of grammaticalization reached by these markers in each language. Keywords: Concessive connectives, opposition discourse markers, grammaticalization, translation, Joan Fuster
Teatre i identitat: Jordi Casanovas, Una història catalana (2011), Pàtria (2012) i Vilafranca (2015)
Authors: Orazi Veronica
Published: August 2023

Summary: The present article contains the study of Jordi Casanovas’ three plays on Catalan identity. The analysis demonstrates how the playwright succeeds in reflecting the complex reality of Catalan identity from a varied perspective both chronologically as well as socially. To achieve this goal, Casanovas creates public, semi-public and private contexts to develop the action, offering an overview which reproduces a changing reality and its constant redefinition. In this way, the playwright transforms a specific and ‘local’ message into a global and transnational one and invites the audience to reflect on a topic which from particular changes to general. Keywords: Jordi Casanovas, Una història catalana, Pàtria, Vilafranca, contemporary Catalan drama, national identity, Catalan identity, identity and drama