bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic-field sensor with self-reference characteristic based on a magnetic fluid and independent plasmonic dual resonances
Authors: Ren Kun , Ren Xiaobin , He Yumeng , Han Qun
Published: January 2019

A magnetic-field sensor with self-reference characteristic based on metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) plasmonic waveguides and a magnetic fluid (MF) is proposed and theoretically investigated. Independent dual resonances are supported by the coupled resonator–waveguide system. The physical mechanisms of dual resonances are analyzed by the temporal coupled-mode theory. The transmission response to an external magnetic field is explored by using the remarkable tunability of the refractive index of the MF. Based on the different dependence of two resonances on the external field, a magnetic-field sensor with self-reference characteristic is achieved. The magnetic-field nanosensor shows an excellent performance with a high sensitivity of 27 pm/Oe, i.e., 270 pm/mT. The proposed sensor takes advantage of the refractive-index tunability of the MF and the compactness of the MDM waveguide structure. This research may open new opportunities to design nanoscale magnetic sensors with good performance.
EVALUATION OF N2O EMISSIONS BY DNDC MODEL FOR SANDY LOAM SOILS OF DANUBIAN LOWLAND
Authors: Horák Ján , Šiška Bernard
Published: January 2019

Except for food production the sector of agriculture contribute significantly to emissions of some Greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially N2O. Agricultural practices (especially increase of N consumption in the sector) are now recognized as a major factor influencing increase of N2O emissions into the atmosphere. Estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector both at a local and regional level are necessary to create possible mitigation strategies with respect to environmental efficiency and economic possibility. We used the DNDC (DeNitrification and DeComposition) model that simulates a full carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance, including different C and N pools, and the emissions of all relevant trace gases from soils as NH3, N2O, NO, NO2 and N2. However, for this study only N2O was considered. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 1997) includes methodologies for calculating both direct and indirect emissions of N2O related to agricultural production. Finally, the modeled emissions by DNDC were compared with those estimated according to IPCC methodology at a regional level. The rules of a good practice in GHGs inventory in agriculture were taken into account. The N2O emissions estimated by DNDC model ranged 0,09–0,68 kg N2O‐N/ha yr with an average value of 0,28 kg N2O‐N/ha yr. The N2O emissions estimated according to IPCC methodology ranged 0,46–2,86 kg N2O‐N/ha yr with an average value of 1,66 kg N2O‐N/ha yr. Simulated N2O emissions were lower than the N2O emissions estimated by IPCC methodology (1997). The simulated N2O emissions ranged 0,04–0,51 % of the total N applied to a field as a mineral N‐fertilizer. If DNDC and IPCC emissions are compared in this study, it can be concluded that simulated (DNDC) emissions are in the range of default emission factors (1,25 ±1 %) defined by IPCC methodology (1997), except for 2002.
EVALUATION OF FLUCTUATION OF EQUIVALENT DOSE RATE DUE TO RADIONUCLIDE RADIATION IN BUILDINGS
Authors: Pečiulienė Milda , Grigaliūnaitė-Vonsevičienė Gražina , Girgždys Aloyzas
Published: January 2019

Radionuclide gamma radiation in building materials twist natural gamma field, therefore, dosimetry investigation of ionizing radiation of natural radionuclides was carried out near various building constructions. It was detected that equivalent dose rate of natural radionuclides increases exponentially (this empirical dependence stays in force to 10–15 meters from a building) while approaching a building under investigation. It was measured that buildings increase ionizing radiation approximately 1,5–2 times. Wooden buildings are an exception. They change natural background to 5 %. The values of equivalent dose rate in buildings are distributed according to Gaussian distribution. The measured equivalent dose rate is 1,5 times smaller in wooden houses then in block, silicate and ceramic bricks houses.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF GROWTH INTENSITY OF ROADSIDE PLANTS
Authors: Baltrėnas Pranas , Zaveckytė Jolita , Kazlauskienė Agnė , Ščupakas Davidas
Published: January 2019

To maintain safety during winter, deicing salt (sodium chloride) is sprinkled over roads. Snow, mixed with highway salt, is then cleared by snowplows and usually ends up on roadsides where trees are planted. On conifers, adversely affected by deicing salt, needle shedding is accelerated. Undesirable results for the environment, caused by road maintenance chemical, are damaged vegetation, soil, polluted surface and groundwater, therefore, fauna, and people are also negatively impacted. The aim of modelling is to find a coefficient for calculating ryegrass, fescue grass and meadow‐grass length of overground part after some time, accepting that the concentration of salt in melting snow and air temperature will be the same during investgation.
ANALYTICAL MODEL TRACING DEFORMATIONS IN MULTISTOREY LARGE TIMBER PANEL BUILDING
Authors: Malesza Jaroslaw , Miedzialowski Czeslaw , Ustinovichius Leonas
Published: January 2019

This paper deals with the deformation characteristics of wood-framed residential, small commercial and hotel buildings with sheathing. Recent building structures are based on large panel or modular technology, where elements in the form of diaphragms or modules are constructed in an industrial plant and then transported to the site for assembly. The document presents diagrams of building assembly and technologies for realization. The significant influence of excessive vertical deformations in multistorey wood-framed buildings on their performance and serviceability is underlined. These deformations are caused by different factors which are identified and analytically described. The paper outlines the analytically complex model for the evaluation and control of deformations in the design, construction and exploitation of multistorey wood-framed buildings. An example of the application of the proposed analytical model at the design stage concludes the paper.
Le comparatisme historique d’Alberico Gentili (1552-1608)
Authors: Quaglioni Diego
Published: January 2019

Cette étude a pour but d’analyser le rôle de l’histoire dans le De iure belli (1598), l’ouvrage majeur du juriste Alberico Gentili, qui est à l’origine d’une théorie nouvelle du droit des gens entre la fin du xvi e  et le début du xvii e  siècle.
L’ histoire chez Tommaso Campanella
Authors: Miglietta Deborah
Published: January 2019

Dans cet article nous examinons la doctrine de l’histoire de Tommaso Campanella. Celui-ci situe le terme d’« histoire » au cœur de son ontologie d’où il traverse ses autres centres d’intérêt : la religion naturelle, le progrès des sciences et la politique. L’histoire est le développement d’un dessein pré-ordonné et supérieur dans lequel chaque fait se reproduit. Toute action, découverte scientifique et fait religieux se trouve inséré dans un projet divin qui confère une dimension solennelle à l’histoire. Cette thèse ne peut pas être comprise sans l’entrée de Dieu dans l’histoire par son Incarnation, l’expression maximale d’un projet toujours en cours vers un but ultime, le « siècle d’or » et la « Monarchie du Messie ». Dans la spéculation de Campanella, c’est par cette perspective théologique et politique que les deux formes de discours historique, humain et révélé, convergent vers le même but ultime.
Une ligue des champions avant l’heure ? L’UEFA face au projet de la Coupe Télé-Magazine
Authors: Vonnard Philippe
Published: January 2019

En date du 19 mai 1967, Marcel Leclerc, homme de presse français et président de l’Olympique de Marseille (OM), soumet au président de l’Union des associations européennes de football (UEFA), le Suisse Gustave Wiederkehr, un règlement d’« un pré-championnat d’Europe latine ». Cet article propose de revenir sur le projet porté par le président de l’OM et questionne sa non-réalisation. L’hypothèse émise est que la posture globalement défensive des dirigeants de l’UEFA vis-à-vis de l’idée du dirigeant marseillais témoigne de leur ambition de consolider la position de l’Union en tant qu’organe régulateur du football continental. L’article est construit à partir d’informations récoltées dans les archives de l’UEFA. Cette documentation a été croisée par la lecture du bureau fédéral de la Fédération française de football. En outre, la recherche bénéficie d’une lecture générale de la presse sportive spécialisée française ( L’Équipe, France football ), et du journal Télé-Magazine . Enfin, deux longs entretiens ont été conduits avec Hans Bangerter et Gerhard Aigner, anciens secrétaires généraux de l’UEFA.
Short Versus Long Cephalomedullary Nails for Fixation of Stable Versus Unstable Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Hulet D. Andrew , Whale Casey S. , Beebe Michael J. , Rothberg David L. , Gililland Jeremy M. , Zhang Chong , Presson Angela P. , Stuart Ami R. , Kubiak Erik N.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare failure and complication rates associated with short cephalomedullary nail vs long cephalomedullary nail fixation for stable vs unstable intertrochanteric femur fractures. This study included 201 adult patients with nonpathologic intertrochanteric femur fractures without subtrochanteric extension (OTA 31-A1.1-3, 31-A2.1-3, 31-A3.1-3) who were treated with a short cephalomedullary nail (n=70) or a long cephalomedullary nail (n=131) and had at least 6 months of follow-up. Treatment groups were similar in terms of age, sex, and comorbidities. In the stable fracture group (N=81), there was no difference in total complications (adjusted
P
=.73), failure (adjusted
P
=.78), or mortality (adjusted
P
=.62) between short cephalomedullary nails and long cephalomedullary nails. Unstable fracture patterns were more likely to be treated with a long cephalomedullary nail than a short cephalomedullary nail (
P
=.01). In the unstable fracture group (N=120), there was no difference in total complications (adjusted
P
=.32) or failure (adjusted
P
=.31) between short cephalomedullary nails and long cephalomedullary nails. A cumulative mortality curve showed a trend toward increasing mortality in unstable fractures treated with short cephalomedullary nails. Traumatologists did not display a statistically significant preference between short cephalomedullary nails and long cephalomedullary nails when compared with nontraumatologists. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(2):e202–e209.]
Accelerated Growth of Cellular Therapy Trials in Musculoskeletal Disorders: An Analysis of the NIH Clinical Trials Data Bank
Authors: Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Ng Mitchell , Chughtai Morad , Khlopas Anton , Ramkumar Prem N. , Harwin Steven F. , Mont Michael A. , Bauer Thomas W. , Muschler George F.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the growth rate and the trends of musculoskeletal cellular therapy trials in the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Data Bank; (2) analyze the study design and characteristics; and (3) assess which cellular therapies and disease conditions are studied. A systematic review of musculoskeletal clinical trials from 2005 to 2016 using cell-based therapies as the primary intervention was performed through ClinicalTrials.gov. The number of musculoskeletal cell-based clinical trials is increasing, with most being early stage, phase I/II, and using autologous cells harvested mostly from bone marrow to target cartilage-related diseases. Among the 282 clinical trials identified, only 99 (35.1%) were completed; 62 of the 99 (62.6%) did not list any related publications. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(2):e144–e150.]
Paysage urbain et nationalisme dans les enclaves espagnoles de Ceuta et Melilla
Authors: García Alicia Fernández
Published: January 2019

Ceuta et Melilla sont deux enclaves espagnoles situées au nord de l’Afrique dont la conquête fut le résultat d’une lutte acharnée contre le voisin marocain. Depuis lors, ces territoires « contestés » sont devenus deux lieux d’affrontement entre deux nationalismes, l’espagnol et le marocain. Cet article se propose d’étudier les représentations sociales du nationalisme espagnol dans le paysage urbain de Ceuta et Melilla ainsi que son marquage territorial. Pour y parvenir, nous étudierons l’instrumentalisation de l’espace urbain de ces enclaves espagnoles à travers la création de lieux de mémoire et l’iconographie nationaliste tout en nous intéressant également à la reconstruction historique du passé de ces villes. Enfin, nous analyserons comment le calendrier mémoriel de ces villes, à savoir les fêtes, les cérémonies et les commémorations, perpétuent la mémoire du nationalisme espagnol.
Saint-Sébastien, 1876-1931
Authors: Ostolaza Maitane
Published: January 2019

Dans le contexte du « tournant spatial » que l’historiographie a connu ces dernières années, cet article propose une approche des espaces urbains et de leur évolution dans la perspective des études du paysage. À partir d’un cas historique spécifique, comme celui de la ville de Saint-Sébastien pendant la Restauration espagnole (1876-1931), il analyse les relations entre l’espace urbain, le paysage et les identités collectives à travers le développement du tourisme. Un phénomène social dont l’essor coïncide avec l’industrialisation de la région basque, entre la fin du xixe siècle et les premières décennies du xxe siècle.
La chola boliviana en la primera mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Soruco Sologuren Ximena
Published: January 2019

Cet essai aborde la transformation de la représentation de la « chola » dans la littérature bolivienne de la première moitié du xxe siècle et les processus sociaux qui en découlent. L’objectif est de réviser l’interprétation de l’histoire bolivienne réduite à une lecture de la lutte immémoriale entre les couches sociales (criollos, cholos et indigènes) comme sujets immuables et a- historiques au détriment du processus de mobilité entre les couches sociales que renouvellent ces représentations.
De l’usage des ruines
Authors: Garcia Anne
Published: January 2019

La ville de Mexico est la scène chaotique dont le mexicain José Emilio Pacheco (1939-2014) a fait la chronique pendant près d’un demi-siècle. José Emilio Pacheco l’écrit et la décrit d’abord de manière fragmentaire et dans une perspective mythico-historique, avant d’adopter une vision davantage critique faisant surgir des problématiques environnementales et sociales, puis de lui consacrer un recueil élégiaque après le tremblement de terre de 1985. C’est à partir des images de la ruine (des constructions humaines mais également des ressources naturelles) que nous entreprendrons une réflexion sur la représentation poétique de la « dépendance au chemin emprunté », des « malformations » héritées d’un rapport non pensé de l’humain au milieu dans lequel il vit.
La ville spéculative – les expositions de l’infini urbain
Authors: Milet Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2019

Les mots qui disent la ville en plus d’une langue indiquent tout à la fois la centralité qu’elle manifeste à travers les fonctions qui s’y exercent, mais aussi, les extensions, expansions, projections de la ville au-delà des limites initialement marquées. La ville est en et hors les murs, elle pose, transgresse, déplace ses limites, et recompose ses espaces. Le motif de l’infini urbain cherche à dire les expositions de la ville dans plus d’une langue, et dans des structures marquées par le temps de l’histoire et l’espace de la géographie. Des figures de la ville, liées à l’histoire de ses fonctions, à la morphologie et aux dynamiques de ses espaces, se laissent dégager. Entre concept et expérience, dans le medium de la langue, dans la diversité de ses idiomes, la ville se laisse penser spéculativement sans perdre sa réalité vivante. La ville spéculative a pour ambition d’apparaître comme ville concrète.
Lattice Boltzmann Equations-Based Model of the Convection Melt Flow Driven by the Combined Effects of Buoyancy, Surface Tension and Magnetic Body Forces with Heat Generation
Authors: Mechighel F. , Aoua S. Ben , Dost S.
Published: January 2019

The main topic of this paper is the development of a mathematical model, based on the Lattice Boltzmann equations (LBE), which is proposed for the simulation of the complex convective flow, held in an electrically conducting melt, driven by the combined action of buoyancy, surface-tension, and electromagnetic forces. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is relatively novel and contrasts with the usual well-known methods to physical modeling in the domain of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Indeed, the LBM describes the fluid (i.e. lattice fluid) at a microscopic level (molecular) and proposes models for the collision between molecules. The full continuum-level physics (i.e. the macroscopic hydrodynamic fields) is implicitly contained in the LB model. Indeed those macroscopic quantities are defined as moments of the so-called particle distribution functions. In the present work, a two-dimensions (2D) LBE-based model is developed to the simulation of convection melt flow driven by the combination of natural buoyancy, surface tension, and electromagnetic forces. The model is applied to numerical modeling of the problems of buoyancy, surface-tension, and electromagnetic driven convection melt flow in an enclosure. The melt system used has a low Prandtl number, which is appropriate to crystal growth melts.
Magnetization of Ferrofluid and its Influence on Improving Oil Recovery
Authors: Soleimani Hassan , Latiff Noor Rasyada Ahmad , Yahya Noorhana , Zaid Hasnah Mohd , Sabet Maziyar , Lee Kean Chuan , Adil Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Large amount of crude oil remains in the reservoir due to the poor sweep and displacement efficiency after displacing fluid injection. To remediate this effect, a thicker displacing fluid is used to reduce viscous fingering for a more stable flood front. A ferrofluid is a suitable candidate due to the tunable viscosity profile when subjected to a magnetic field [1]. In this work, the ability of cobalt substituted magnetite ferrofluid to improve incremental recovery after waterflooding has been investigated via sand pack flooding. Prior to sand pack flooding, structural and magnetic properties of cobalt substituted magnetite nanoparticles were characterized via XRD, FESEM and VSM. Viscosity tests with field strength variation from 0 to 66.88 mT have shown a significant dependency of the ferrofluid’s viscosity on the applied field strength. 6-fold increment of viscosity was recorded when magnetic field strength changes from 19.5 to 66.88 mT. During sand pack flooding, 7.20% of incremental oil was obtained with the ferrofluid injection, even without the presence of a magnetic field. When subjected to a magnetic field, 12.93% and 15.83% of the incremental oil was obtained at 19.5 and 66.88 mT, respectively. It is proven that increase of ferrofluid viscosity with magnetic field strength results in higher incremental recovery. Improved sweep and displacement efficiency has been achieved by injecting the ferrofluid into the oil reservoir.
Interfacial Tension and Viscosity Alteration of Samarium Doped Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) Nanofluid under the Presence of Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Lee Kean Chuan , Sukri Muhammad Naim Mohd , Guan Beh Hoe , Zaid Hasnah Mohd , Soleimani Hassan
Published: January 2019

A study is presented which implies the knowledge of rare earth magnetic anisotropy, nanotechnologies with the advancement of electromagnetic (EM) waves to induce alteration on oil-nanofluid interfacial tension (IFT) and nanofluid viscosity. The study had been done by doping of Samarium rare earth into Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) nanoparticles to improve the magnetic properties of the YIG nanoparticles. The doping process has been done by sol-gel method at 1000oC and at the pH of 7. Samarium rare earth was doped into YIG nanoparticles at different composition (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00). The results show that a Samarium doping composition at x =1.00 at pH 7 resulted in the highest nanofluid wettability, highest magnetic saturation, highest reduction in oil-water interfacial tension (IFT), and the highest alteration in viscosity. Moreover, overall of the experiment proved that when EM wave applied to the Samarium doped YIG nanofluid it had resulted in the increment of viscosity, more reduction in oil-water IFT. The experiment proved that Samarium doping into YIG nanoparticles/nanofluid (Sm-YIG) under the presence of electromagnetic waves are theoretically correct to alter oil-nanofluid IFT and nanofluid viscosity. This can be seen from the ability of Sm-YIG under the presence of EM waves effect on oil-water IFT reduction, nanofluid viscosity increment, reduction in oil-water mobility ratio and nanoparticles magnetic saturation increment.
Study on Flow Characteristics of NGV Injectors Using Plungers with Varied Inner Diameters
Authors: Yoon Tae Jun , Kim Kwon Se , Choi Doo Seuk
Published: January 2019

In this study, a plunger and injection nozzle were designed to improve the injector used in multi-point injection NGV engines. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pressure and velocity characteristics of the injector plunger and show mass flow rate trends for the gas injected from the nozzle. Using the ANSYS program, a new injector was modeled according to applicable design variables, and the gas flow into the plunger was visualized. In addition, methane fuel was used in the simulation, and the inlet and outlet of the injector were applied with 8 bars pressure and opening conditions. As a result, in the model with a 1.2 mm inner diameter plunger valve, the mass flow rate of gas injected from the injection nozzle was stable from 0.075 mm to 0.2 mm, and it was possible to reduce the velocity variation and pressure generated inside the plunger.
Changes in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures From the Time of Injury to Return to Play in Adolescent Athletes at Secondary Schools With an Athletic Trainer
Authors: Simon Janet E. , Valier Alison R. Snyder , Kerr Zachary Y. , Djoko Aristarque , Marshall Stephen W. , Dompier Thomas P.
Published: January 2019

Context

Typically, athletic trainers rely on clinician-centered measures to evaluate athletes' return-to-play status. However, clinician-centered measures do not provide information regarding patients' perceptions.

Objective

To determine whether clinically important changes in patient-reported outcomes were observed from the time of lower extremity injury to the time of return to play in adolescent athletes.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

The National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION) program has captured injury and treatment data in 31 sports from 147 secondary schools across 26 states. A subsample of 24 schools participated in the outcomes study arm during the 2012−2013 and 2013−2014 academic years.

Patients or Other Participants

To be included in this report, student-athletes must have sustained a knee, lower leg, ankle, or foot injury that restricted participation from sport for at least 3 days. A total of 76 initial assessments were started by athletes; for 69 of those, return-to-play surveys were completed and analyzed.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

All student-athletes completed generic patient-reported outcome measures (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] survey, Global Rating of Change scale, and Numeric Pain Rating Scale) and, depending on body region, completed an additional region-specific measure (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score or Foot and Ankle Ability Measure). All applicable surveys were completed at both the initial and return-to-play time points. Means and standard deviations for the total scores of each patient-reported outcome measure at each time point were calculated. Change scores that reflected the difference from the initial to the return-to-play time points were calculated for each participant and compared with established benchmarks for change.

Results

The greatest improvement in patient-reported outcomes was in the region-specific forms, with scores ranging from 9.92 to 37.73 on the different region-specific subscales (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score or Foot and Ankle Ability Measure; scores range from 0−100). The region-specific subscales on average still showed a 21.8- to 37.5-point deficit in reported health at return to play. The PROMIS Lower Extremity score increased on average by 13 points; all other PROMIS scales were within normative values after injury.

Conclusions

Adolescent athletes who were injured at a high school with an athletic trainer may have shown improvement in patient-reported outcomes over time, but when they returned to play, their outcome scores remained lower than norms from comparable athlete groups.
Reflective self-study for an integrated learning approach to early childhood mathematics teacher education
Authors: Kortjass Makie
Published: January 2019

Background: This article gives an account of what I learned through the process of a self-study research project. Self-study teacher research allows teacher educators and teachers to improve their learning, plan new pedagogies and impact students’ learning.Aim: The aim of this self-study research was to improve my own practice in early childhood mathematics teacher education through interaction and collaboration with others, such as colleagues and students.Setting: As a South African university-based teacher educator, I piloted an integrated learning approach (ILA) in the teaching and learning of early childhood mathematics in a selected undergraduate programme.Methods: I began by tracking my personal development in mathematics education and in so doing was able to recognise my personal learning of mathematics as a child growing up in an African township context. I then worked with a class of 38 student teachers to create collages and concept maps to explore their understandings and experiences of ILA.Results: Through this project, I discovered that colleagues in the role of critical friends provided essential feedback on my work in progress. I also learned that student teachers need to be equipped with knowledge and hands-on experience of how integration can take place in teaching and learning early childhood mathematics. I realised that it was essential to constantly reflect on my own personal history and my professional practice to explore new ways of teaching mathematics.Conclusion: Teacher educators may consider engaging in self-study research that includes art-based self-study methods to reflect on their practices and see how they change for the benefit of their students and ultimately for the benefit of the learners.
A generic balanced scorecard for small and medium manufacturing enterprises in South Africa
Authors: Reynolds Arthur , Fourie Houdini , Erasmus Lourens
Published: January 2019

Background: Prior research confirmed that the balanced scorecard (BSC) can be used successfully at manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs), to assist with sustainability. South African SMEs have a low survival rate despite being a significant contributor to the local economy with the manufacturing sector in particular hampered by negative growth.Aim: The objective of this study was to develop a BSC for manufacturing SMEs in South Africa with measurable key performance indicators (KPIs).Setting: We conducted a Delphi study with cost accounting specialists in different industries.Methods: The development of the generic BSC was facilitated with a Delphi survey and analytical hierarchy process (AHP).Results: The research presents a generic yet flexible BSC for manufacturing SMEs. A total number of 12 generic and 104 specific KPIs were identified. The results revealed a greater emphasis on the financial and customer perspectives that may be conducive to SME sustainability and success.Conclusion: A generic BSC that can be adapted to specific organisational and industry requirements has the potential to enhance SME sustainability and success.
A risk process with delayed claims and constant dividend barrier
Authors: Zou Wei , Xie Jie-hua
Published: January 2019

В статье изучается процесс риска с постоянным порогом для выплаты дивидендов, где рассматриваются отложенные требования; определяются два типа индивидуальных требований - основные и сопутствующие.
Каждое сопутствующее требование индуцируется основным требованием и может быть отложено с определенной вероятностью.
Мы выводим математические ожидания дисконтированных функций штрафов и порождающие функции моментов для общих выплат дивидендов до разорения. Даются также моменты полных выплат дивидендов до разорения и тождество "дивиденды-штрафы". Приводятся численные примеры, иллюстрирующие применение полученных результатов и влияние вероятностей отсрочки на математические ожидания общих выплат дивидендов до разорения.
Pathwise decompositions of Brownian semistationary processes
Authors: Sauri Orimar
Published: January 2019

В данной статье показано разложение траекторий некоторого класса броуновских квазистационарных процессов (БКП) с помощью дробного броуновского процесса. Для решения этой задачи мы выделяем в БКП подкласс, в котором ядро имеет вид $\varphi_{\alpha}(x)=L(x)x^{\alpha}$ при условии что $\alpha\in(-1/2,0)\cup(0,1/2)$ и $L$ - непрерывная функция, медленно меняющаяся около нуля. Мы используем полученное разложение для исследования свойств траекторий этого подкласса БКП, а также получения для него формулы Ито.
О полноте стохастических потоков, порожденных уравнениями с текущими скоростями
Authors: Gliklikh Yurii Evgen'evich , Shchichko T A
Published: January 2019

Найдены условия (достаточные и необходимые и достаточные) для полноты стохастического потока, порожденного уравнениями с так называемыми текущими скоростями (симметрическими производными в среднем по Нельсону). Отличительной особенностью этих уравнений является то, что существование решений задачи Коши (орбит потока) доказано только в предположении, что начальное значение является случайной величиной, у которой плотность распределения гладка и нигде не равна нулю.
Determinants of Latrine Use Behavior: The Psychosocial Proxies of Individual-Level Defecation Practices in Rural Coastal Ecuador
Authors: Lopez Velma K. , Berrocal Veronica J. , Corozo Angulo Betty , Ram Pavani K. , Trostle James , Eisenberg Joseph N. S.
Published: January 2019

There is increasing appreciation that latrine access does not imply use—many individuals who own latrines do not consistently use them. Little is known, however, about the determinants of latrine use, particularly among those with variable defecation behaviors. Using the integrated behavior model of water, sanitation, and hygiene framework, we sought to characterize determinants of latrine use in rural Ecuador. We interviewed 197 adults living in three communities with a survey consisting of 70 psychosocial defecation-related questions. Questions were excluded from analysis if responses lacked variability or at least 10% of respondents did not provide a definitive answer. All interviewed individuals had access to a privately owned or shared latrine. We then applied adaptive elastic nets (ENET) and supervised principal component analysis (SPCA) to a reduced dataset of 45 questions among 154 individuals with complete data to select determinants that predict self-reported latrine use. Latrine use was common, but not universal, in the sample (76%). The SPCA model identified six determinants and adaptive ENET selected five determinants. Three indicators were represented in both models—latrine users were more likely to report that their latrine is clean enough to use and also more likely to report daily latrine use; while those reporting that elderly men were not latrine users were less likely to use latrines themselves. Our findings suggest that social norms are important predictors of latrine use, whereas knowledge of the health benefits of sanitation may not be as important. These determinants are informative for promotion of latrine adoption.
The Controlled Human Malaria Infection Experience at the University of Maryland
Authors: Friedman-Klabanoff DeAnna J. , Laurens Matthew B. , Berry Andrea A. , Travassos Mark A. , Adams Matthew , Strauss Kathy A. , Shrestha Biraj , Levine Myron M. , Edelman Robert , Lyke Kirsten E.
Published: January 2019

Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) is a powerful tool to evaluate the efficacy of malaria vaccines and pharmacologics. Investigators at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Center for Vaccine Development (UMB-CVD) pioneered the technique in the 1970s and continue to advance the frontiers of CHMI research. We reviewed the records of 338 malaria-naive volunteers who underwent CHMI at UMB-CVD with Plasmodium falciparum from 1971 until 2017. These 338 volunteers underwent 387 CHMI events, including 60 via intradermal injection or direct venous inoculation (DVI) of purified, cryopreserved sporozoites. No volunteer suffered an unplanned hospitalization or required intravenous therapy related to CHMI. Median prepatency period was longer in challenges using NF54 (9 days) than in those using 7G8 (8 days), P = 0.0006 by the log-rank test. With dose optimization of DVI, the prepatent period did not differ between DVI and mosquito bite challenge (log-rank test, P = 0.66). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected P. falciparum infection 3 days earlier than thick smears (P < 0.001), and diagnosis by ultrasensitive PCR was associated with less severe symptoms than smear-based diagnosis (39% versus 0%, P = 0.0003). Historical studies with NF54 showed a shorter median prepatency period of 10.3 days than more recent studies (median 11.0 days, P = 0.02) despite significantly lower salivary gland scores in earlier studies, P = 0.0001. The 47-year experience of CHMI at UMB-CVD has led to advancements in sporozoite delivery, diagnostics, and use of heterologous challenge. Additional studies on new challenge strains and genomic data to reflect regional heterogeneity will help advance the use of CHMI as supporting data for vaccine licensure.
Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children with a History of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Versteege Tom , Karyanti Mulya R. , Septiani Witri , Widjanarko Annisa L. , Idris Nikmah S. , Hendarto Aryono , Grobbee Diederick E. , Burgner David , Uiterwaal Cuno S. P. M. , Bruijning-Verhagen Patricia C. J. L.
Published: January 2019

We assessed carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and arterial stiffness in 28 children and adolescents with previous dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) (mean interval between DHF and cardiovascular assessment, 8.4 years), and 34 controls in a low-resource setting. Participants with previous DHF had an adjusted increased cIMT of 42.6 µm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.0–75.3, P = 0.01), and 61.7 µm (95% CI: 21.5–102.0, P < 0.01) in a subgroup analysis on dengue shock syndrome. There were no differences in arterial stiffness. In this first exploratory study, children and adolescents with a history of DHF had an increased cIMT, which may be modulated by dengue severity.
First Laboratory-Confirmed Outbreak of Human and Animal Rift Valley Fever Virus in Uganda in 48 Years
Authors: Shoemaker Trevor R. , Nyakarahuka Luke , Balinandi Stephen , Ojwang Joseph , Tumusiime Alex , Mulei Sophia , Kyondo Jackson , Lubwama Bernard , Sekamatte Musa , Namutebi Annemarion , Tusiime Patrick , Monje Fred , Mayanja Martin , Ssendagire Steven , Dahlke Melissa , Kyazze Simon , Wetaka Milton , Makumbi Issa , Borchert Jeff , Zufan Sara , Patel Ketan , Whitmer Shannon , Brown Shelley , Davis William G. , Klena John D. , Nichol Stuart T. , Rollin Pierre E. , Lutwama Julius
Published: January 2019

In March 2016, an outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) was identified in Kabale district, southwestern Uganda. A comprehensive outbreak investigation was initiated, including human, livestock, and mosquito vector investigations. Overall, four cases of acute, nonfatal human disease were identified, three by RVF virus (RVFV) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and one by IgM and IgG serology. Investigations of cattle, sheep, and goat samples from homes and villages of confirmed and probable RVF cases and the Kabale central abattoir found that eight of 83 (10%) animals were positive for RVFV by IgG serology; one goat from the home of a confirmed case tested positive by RT-PCR. Whole genome sequencing from three clinical specimens was performed and phylogenetic analysis inferred the relatedness of 2016 RVFV with the 2006–2007 Kenya-2 clade, suggesting previous introduction of RVFV into southwestern Uganda. An entomological survey identified three of 298 pools (1%) of Aedes and Coquillettidia species that were RVFV positive by RT-PCR. This was the first identification of RVFV in Uganda in 48 years and the 10th independent viral hemorrhagic fever outbreak to be confirmed in Uganda since 2010.
Self-Reported Side Effects following Mass Administration of Azithromycin to Eliminate Trachoma in Amhara, Ethiopia: Results from a Region-Wide Population-Based Survey
Authors: Astale Tigist , Sata Eshetu , Zerihun Mulat , Nute Andrew W. , Stewart Aisha E. P. , Chanyalew Melsew , Melak Berhanu , Ayele Zebene , Gessese Demelash , Ayenew Gedefaw , Gashaw Bizuayehu , Tadesse Zerihun , Callahan Elizabeth Kelly , Nash Scott D.
Published: January 2019

A region-wide population-based post–mass drug administration (MDA) coverage survey was conducted 3 weeks following the 2016 trachoma MDA in Amhara, Ethiopia. The prevalence of self-reported side effects was assessed among those who self-reported receiving azithromycin. A total of 16,773 individuals from 5,129 households reported taking azithromycin during the 2016 MDA in Amhara. The regional prevalence of any self-reported side effect was 9.6% (95% CI: 8.3–11.2%) and ranged from 3.9% to 12.4% among the 10 zones. The most common reported side effects were abdominal pain (53.1%), nausea (21.7%), vomiting (12.8%), and diarrhea (12.5%). Side-effect prevalence among female members was higher than in male members (11.6% versus 7.6%; P < 0.001) and increased with age. After an average of 8 years of annual MDA, the prevalence of self-reported side effects was less than 10% in this population.
First Report of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase Carbapenemase–Producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Peru
Authors: Rocha Claudio , Bernal Manuela , Canal Enrique , Rios Paul , Meza Rina , Lopez Miguel , Burga Rosa , Abadie Ricardo , Pizango Melita , Diaz Elia , Briones Alexander , Ramal-Asayag Cesar , Vicente William , Regeimbal James , McCoy Andrea
Published: January 2019

Here we report the first incidence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1)–producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Peru, identified via a strain-based nosocomial surveillance project carried out in Lima and Iquitos. The blaNDM-1 gene was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by loci sequencing. Acinetobacter baumannii is a nearly ubiquitous and promiscuous nosocomial pathogen, and the acquisition of blaNDM-1 by A. baumannii may facilitate an increase in the prevalence of this important resistance marker in other nosocomial pathogens.
Standardizing Differences? Standards for Intercultural Competence in Formal Education
Authors: Jovanović Ana
Published: January 2019

The importance intercultural communicative competence plays in contemporary education of foreign languages has provided the latter with an approach that is frequently termed intercultural education. Nevertheless, the topic is still quite controversial, to say the least, and especially so in respect to issues related with the evaluation of intercultural communicative competence. In addition to the difficulties of defining the concept and criteria for its evaluation, we need to address the fundamental question of whether it is possible to evaluate intercultural competence at all, and, if this is the case, whether it is moral to do so. Here we explore the case of Serbia and a project whose goal was to define the standards of competence for foreign languages in formal primary education. As a member of the working group, and thus with the privilege of an insider’s perspective, I analyse the steps that were followed in the development of the standards for intercultural competence. This auto-ethnographic exposition aims at offering a critical analysis of intercultural competence in the curricular documents of foreign languages, but also at providing a space for reflection and self-evaluation.
Factors associated with the prevalence of neonatal abstinence syndrome in West Virginia
Authors: Rogerson, BSc Taylor , Houston II, BA Anthony , Lyman, BS Garrett , Ogden, BS Jenna , Paschall, BS Kevin , Penaranda, BA Mark , Rios, BS Alex , Wetzel, MD Robert , Horzempa, PhD Joseph
Published: January 2019

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a group of problems associated with withdrawal symptoms of a newborn who was exposed to maternal opiate use while in the womb. West Virginia (WV) is of utmost concern as this state exhibits among the highest rates of opioid abuse and consequently, NAS. In this manuscript, we review factors associated with the prevalence of NAS in WV. We provide evidence suggesting that states exhibiting high Medicaid participation demonstrate a high NAS rate, further associating these two factors. Although a similar trend was observed in the substate geographic regions of WV, the presence of regional treatment facilities was negatively associated with NAS prevalence in WV, possibly suggesting that the establishment and utilization of more of these facilities may reduce NAS. Future research
Varying relationships between fire radiative power and fire size at a global scale
Authors: Laurent Pierre , Mouillot Florent , Moreno Maria Vanesa , Yue Chao , Ciais Philippe
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Vegetation fires are an important process in the Earth system. Fire intensity
locally impacts fuel consumption, damage to the vegetation, chemical
composition of fire emissions and also how fires spread across landscapes. It
has been observed that fire occurrence, defined as the frequency of active
fires detected by the MODIS sensor, is related to intensity with a
hump-shaped empirical relation, meaning that occurrence reaches a maximum at
intermediate fire intensity. Raw burned area products obtained from
remote sensing can not discriminate between ignition and propagation
processes. To go beyond burned area and to test if fire size is driven by
fire intensity at a global scale as expected from empirical fire spread models,
we used the newly delivered global FRY database, which provides fire patch
functional traits based on satellite observation, including fire patch size,
and the fire radiative power measures from the MCD14ML dataset. This paper
describes the varying relationships between fire size and fire radiative
power across biomes at a global scale. We show that in most fire regions of the
world defined by the GFED database, the linear relationship between fire
radiative power and fire patch size saturates for a threshold of intermediate-intensity fires. The value of this threshold differs from one region to
another and depends on vegetation type. In the most fire-prone savanna
regions, once this threshold is reached, fire size decreases for the most
intense fires, which mostly happen in the late fire season. According to the
percolation theory, we suggest that the decrease in fire size for more
intense late season fires is a consequence of the increasing fragmentation of
fuel continuity throughout the fire season and suggest that landscape-scale
feedbacks should be developed in global fire modules.
Short communication: The Topographic Analysis Kit (TAK) for TopoToolbox
Authors: Forte Adam M. , Whipple Kelin X.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Quantitative analysis of digital topographic data is an increasingly
important part of many studies in the geosciences. Initially, performing
these analyses was a niche endeavor, requiring detailed domain knowledge and
programming skills, but increasingly broad, flexible, open-source code bases
have been developed to increasingly democratize topographic analysis.
However, many of these analyses still require specific computing environments
and/or moderate levels of knowledge of both the relevant programming language
and the correct way to take these fundamental building blocks and conduct an
efficient and effective topographic analysis. To partially address this, we
have written the Topographic Analysis Kit (TAK), which leverages the power of
one of these open code bases, TopoToolbox, to build a series of high-level
topographic analysis tools to perform a variety of common topographic
analyses. These analyses include the generation of maps of normalized channel
steepness, or χ, and selection and statistical analysis of populations
of watersheds. No programming skills or advanced mastery of MATLAB is
required for effective use of TAK. In addition – to expand the utility of
TAK along with the primary functions, which like the underlying TopoToolbox
functions require MATLAB and several proprietary toolboxes to run – we
provide compiled versions of these functions that use the free MATLAB Runtime
Environment for users who do not have institutional access to MATLAB or all
of the required toolboxes.
Relations of physical and biogenic reworking of sandy sediments in the southeastern North Sea
Authors: Krämer Knut , Ahmerkamp Soeren , Schückel Ulrike , Holtappels Moritz , Winter Christian
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The reworking of sandy sediments in shallow coastal and shelf seas is mainly driven by physical forcing in the form of wave- and current-induced shear stress. As an important habitat for benthic species seeking shelter and food, the upper seafloor is also marked by intense bioturbation. Although this reworking activity is recognized as an important mechanism for the exchange of particular matter and solutes between sediment and water column, quantifications and assessments of the relative importance of physical and biogenic reworking of subtidal shelf sediments are rare. This work presents in situ measurements of volumetric reworking rates from six different locations in the southeastern North Sea. The investigated sites cover a range of water depths between 23 and 41 m, different magnitudes of physical (wave and current) forcing and sedimentological conditions as well as different habitats and benthic communities. The measured biogenic reworking rates reach up to 14 % of physically driven reworking via bedform migration. Comparisons with physical quantities water depth, median grain size, bottom water temperature and flow velocity reveal good correlations and allow for an approximation of the biogenic reworking rate from a combination of these readily available oceanographic parameters. The diffusive relocation of sediment by benthic fauna also influences the topography of small scale bedforms and may reduce their height by up to 10 % in a few hours during hydrodynamically inactive conditions. The observations show that even in an energetic environment such as the southeastern North Sea, the benthic fauna contributes an important regulating ecosystem service by overturning upper seafloor sediments. This reworking mechanism becomes particularly important in areas and during periods of sub-threshold conditions for physically driven sediment reworking.