bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuro‐Predictive Control of an Infrared Dryer with a Feedforward‐Feedback Approach
Authors: Mohammadzaheri Morteza , Chen Lei , Mirsepahi Ali , Ghanbari Mehdi , Tafreshi Reza
Published: November 2014

In this research, a hybrid control system is proposed to address the temperature control of an infrared dryer. The control system includes a feedback‐predictive controller and a neural network steady state control law. The feedback‐predictive controller outputs the amplified value of the predicted error as the transient control command. The predictive model was employed to suppress the undesirable effect of the dead‐time of the system. A multilayer perceptron was designed and tested based on a control equilibrium point and steady state control to be used as a feedforward controller. The stability of the control system in a continuous domain was proved with no limit on the amplification gain of the predictive‐feedback controller. In other words, there is no concern about losing stability with accelerating convergence towards the reference. The entire control system was constructed in Simulink and compiled to a C code and applied on the experimental setup. Experimental results are outstanding in comparison with the results of an interactively tuned IMC‐based PID controller.
Optimal Terminal Iterative Learning Control for the Automatic Train Stop System
Authors: Jin Shangtai , Hou Zhongsheng , Chi Ronghu
Published: November 2014

The train stop control is a typical set‐point control task, where only the final state (i.e., the terminal train stop position) is of concern and specified. For such a control problem, an optimal terminal iterative learning control (TILC) approach is presented in this paper, where the stopping position and initial braking speed are chosen as the terminal system output and the control input, respectively. The controller design only depends on the measured input/output (I/O) data without requiring any modeling information of the train operation system, and the learning gain is updated by the system I/O data iteratively to accommodate the system uncertainties. The monotonic convergence of the terminal tracking error is guaranteed by rigorous mathematical analysis. Extensive simulation results are provided to show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Reducing Ambiguity in the Functional Assessment of Problem Behavior
Authors: Rooker Griffin W. , DeLeon Iser G. , Borrero Carrie S. W. , Frank‐Crawford Michelle A. , Roscoe Eileen M.
Published: November 2014

Severe problem behavior (e.g., self‐injury and aggression) remains among the most serious challenges for the habilitation of persons with intellectual disabilities and is a significant obstacle to community integration. The current standard of behavior analytic treatment for problem behavior in this population consists of a functional assessment and treatment model. Within that model, the first step is to assess the behavior–environment relations that give rise to and maintain problem behavior, a functional behavioral assessment. Conventional methods of assessing behavioral function include indirect, descriptive, and experimental assessments of problem behavior. Clinical investigators have produced a rich literature demonstrating the relative effectiveness for each method, but in clinical practice, each can produce ambiguous or difficult‐to‐interpret outcomes that may impede treatment development. This paper outlines potential sources of variability in assessment outcomes and then reviews the evidence on strategies for avoiding ambiguous outcomes and/or clarifying initially ambiguous results. The end result for each assessment method is a set of best practice guidelines, given the available evidence, for conducting the initial assessment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kidney graft outcome using an anti-Xa therapeutic strategy in an experimental model of severe ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Tillet S , Giraud S , Delpech P O , Thuillier R , Ameteau V , Goujon J M , Renelier B , Macchi L , Hauet T , Mauco G
Published: November 2014

Background

Deceased after cardiac death donors represent an important source of organs to reduce organ shortage in transplantation. However, these organs are subjected to more ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Reducing IRI by targeting coagulation is studied here in an experimental model.

Methods

The effect of an anti-Xa compound (fondaparinux) was evaluated using an autotransplanted kidney model in pigs. Kidneys were clamped for 60 min (warm ischaemia) and then preserved for 24 h at 4°C in University of Wisconsin solution (UW). The anti-Xa compound was injected intravenously before warm ischaemia and used during cold storage, and its effects were compared with those of intravenous injection of unfractionated heparin (UFH) before warm ischaemia and use during cold storage, or use of UW alone during cold storage.

Results

At 3 months after transplantation, anti-Xa treatment improved recovery of renal function and chronic serum creatinine levels compared with UW and UFH (mean(s.e.m.) 89(4), 250(4) and 217(8) µmol/l respectively). The anti-Xa treatment also reduced fibrosis, and decreased tissue expression of markers of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition compared with UW and UFH. Cleaved protease-activated receptor 2 was overexpressed in the UW group compared with the anti-Xa and UFH groups. Leucocyte infiltrates were decreased in the anti-Xa group compared with the UW and UFH groups. Macrophage invasion was also decreased by anticoagulation treatment.

Conclusion

Peritransplant anticoagulation therapy was beneficial to graft outcome, in both the acute and chronic phases. Moreover, specific inhibition of coagulation Xa protease further protected kidney grafts, with better recovery and decreased expression of chronic lesion markers. Surgical relevanceThe increasing use of marginal donors highlights the importance of organ quality in transplantation. Renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), which includes a deleterious activation of coagulation, plays a central role in determining graft quality and outcome.Using an established porcine renal autotransplantation preclinical model with high clinical relevance, the benefits of anticoagulation therapy using an antifactor Xa molecule were evaluated. Peritransplantion anticoagulation treatment, specifically with an anti-Xa compound, protected marginal kidney grafts, improving functional recovery and reducing chronic lesions.This study demonstrates the benefits of anticoagulation therapy at the time of organ collection, particularly for marginal organs, encountered in cases of extended criteria and deceased after circulatory death donors. This anticoagulation strategy could be an important addition to current donor and organ management protocols in order to limit IRI and improve outcome.
Toxicological screening of human plasma by on‐line SPE‐HPLC‐DAD: identification and quantification of basic drugs and metabolites
Authors: Mut Ludmila , Grobosch Thomas , Binscheck‐Domaß Torsten , Frenzel Wolfgang
Published: November 2014

An automated multi‐analyte screening method for the identification and quantification of 92 drugs and metabolites based on on‐line solid‐phase extraction–high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection technique was developed and successfully validated. In addition, a database with 870 entries including UV‐spectra, relative/retention times and response factors of toxicologically relevant compounds was created. Plasma samples (0.2 mL) were treated with methanol, diluted with buffer and on‐line extracted (Strata X, 20 ×2 mm, 25 µm) at pH 9. Analytical separation was carried out on a Gemini NX column (150 ×4.6 mm, 3 µm) using gradient elution with acetonitrile–water (90:10,v/v) and 0.05 m potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.3). Linear calibration curves with correlation coefficients ≥0.9950 were obtained for 78 analytes. As an additional benefit, the newly developed method allows the quantification of 42 analytes (e.g. antidepressants, neuroleptics and anticonvulsants) in a concentration range suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring. Limits of quantitation ranged from 0.02 mg/L (chlordiazepoxide) to 3.4 mg/L (mexiletine). Inter‐ and intra‐day precisions of quality control samples (low/high) were better than 15% (zolpidem) and accuracy (bias) ranged from −11% (opipramol, venlafaxine) to 11% (venlafaxine, trazodone). Tests for carry‐over and sample stability under different storage conditions were also performed and stability was adequate. Four cases of poisoning analysis are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimize potential liabilities in collegiate sports medicine departments
Authors: Neal Timothy , Quandt Eric , Thornton James , Anderson Jeffrey
Published: November 2014

When collegiate sports medicine staff, other athletics department staff and institutions fail to properly address student‐athlete safety and welfare issues, you can bank on facing potential liability.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sniderman Jonathan D. S. , Cuvelier Geoff D. E. , Veroukis Stasa , Hansen Gregory
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical Message

Diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should be reviewed early in critically ill patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis, multisystem dysfunction, and a deteriorating clinical trajectory.
Supramolecular Recognition Influences Magnetism in [X@HVIV8VV14O54]6− Self‐Assemblies with Symmetry‐Breaking Guest Anions
Authors: Yu. Monakhov Kirill , Linnenberg Oliver , Kozłowski Piotr , van Leusen Jan , Besson Claire , Secker Tim , Ellern Arkady , López Xavier , Poblet Josep M. , Kögerler Paul
Published: November 2014

Mixed‐valence polyoxovanadates(IV/V) have emerged as one of the most intricate class of supramolecular all‐inorganic host species, able to encapsulate a wide variety of smaller guest templates during their self‐assembly formation process. As showcased herein, the incorporation of guests, though governed solely by ultra‐weak electrostatic and van der Waals interactions, can cause drastic effects on the electronic and magnetic characteristics of the shell complex of the polyoxovanadate. We address the question of methodology for the magnetochemical analysis of virtually isostructural {VIV/V22O54}‐type polyoxoanions of D2d symmetry enclosing diamagnetic VO2F2− (C2v), SCN− (C∞v), or ClO4− (Td) template anions. These induce different polarization effects related to differences in their geometric structures, symmetry, ion radii, and valence shells, eventually resulting in a supramolecular modulation of magnetic exchange between the V(3d) electrons that are partly delocalized over the {V22O54} shells. We also include the synthesis and characterization of the novel [VVO2F2@HVIV8VV14O54]6− system that comprises the rarely encountered discrete difluorovanadate anion as a quasi‐isolated guest species.
ATRP/OMRP/CCT Interplay in Styrene Polymerization Mediated by Iron(II) Complexes: A DFT Study of the α‐Diimine System
Authors: Poli Rinaldo , Shaver Michael P.
Published: November 2014

A DFT study of various model systems has addressed the interference of catalytic chain transfer (CCT) as a function of the R2 substituent in the atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene catalyzed by [FeCl2(R1NC(R2)C(R2)NR1)] complexes. All model systems used R1=CH3 in place of the experimental Cy and tBu substituents and 1‐phenylethyl in place of the polystyrene (PS) chain. A mechanistic investigation of 1) ATRP activation, 2) radical trapping in organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization (OMRP), and 3) pathways to the hydride CCT intermediate was conducted with a simplified system with R2=H. This study suggests that CCT could occur by direct hydrogen‐atom transfer without any activation barrier. Further analysis of more realistic models with R2=p‐C6H4F or p‐C6H4NMe2 suggests that the electronic effect of the aryl para substituents significantly alters the ATRP activation barrier. Conversely, the hydrogen‐atom‐transfer barrier is essentially unaffected. Thus, the greater ATRP catalytic activity of the p‐NMe2 system makes the background CCT process less significant. The DFT study also compares the [FeCl2(R1NC(R2)C(R2)NR1)] systems with a diaminobis(phenolato) derivative for which the CCT process shows even greater accessibility but has less incidence because of faster ATRP chain growth and interplay with a more efficient OMRP trapping. The difference between the two systems is attributed to destabilization of the FeII catalyst by the geometric constraints of the tetradentate diaminobis(phenolato) ligand.
Taming Hazardous Chemistry in Flow: The Continuous Processing of Diazo and Diazonium Compounds
Authors: Deadman Benjamin J. , Collins Stuart G. , Maguire Anita R.
Published: November 2014

The synthetic utilities of the diazo and diazonium groups are matched only by their reputation for explosive decomposition. Continuous processing technology offers new opportunities to make and use these versatile intermediates at a range of scales with improved safety over traditional batch processes. In this minireview, the state of the art in the continuous flow processing of reactive diazo and diazonium species is discussed.
Functional Carbazole Liquid‐Crystal Block Codendrimers with Optical and Electronic Properties
Authors: Gracia Ismael , Feringán Beatriz , Serrano José Luis , Termine Roberto , Golemme Attilio , Omenat Ana , Barberá Joaquín
Published: November 2014

The synthesis and characterisation of a family of block codendrimers consisting of highly versatile mesogenic and carbazole‐containing 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis‐MPA) dendrons are reported. The liquid‐crystal behaviour was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, polarised‐light optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Depending on the chemical structure of the constituent dendrons, the codendrimers show lamellar or columnar mesophases. On the basis of the experimental results, models both at the molecular level and in the mesophase are proposed. The physical properties of the block codendrimers derived from the presence of the carbazole moiety in their structure were investigated: photoluminescence in solution and in the mesophase, electrochemical behaviour and hole transport. Electrodeposition of carbazole dendrons afforded a globular supramolecular conformation in which the mesogenic molecular side plays a key role.
A Simple Method for Resolution ofEndo‐/Exo‐Monoesters ofTrans‐Norborn‐5‐Ene‐2,3‐Dicarboxylic Acids Into Their Enantiomers
Authors: Kovalenko Vitaly N. , Kozyrkov Yurii Yu.
Published: November 2014

Separation of optical isomers obtainable fromtrans‐norborn‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid methyl andtert‐butyl monoesters was performed by crystallization of the respective salts prepared with (R)‐ and (S)‐1‐phenylethylamine. Starting from racemicendo‐monomethyl ester oftrans‐norborn‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, prepared by partial hydrolysis of the cyclopentadiene‐dimethyl fumarate adduct, the corresponding (2R,3R)‐endo‐monoester was isolated in 97% enantiomeric excess (ee) yield after seven repeated crystallizations from tetrachloromethane. Starting fromexo‐mono‐tert‐butyl ester of the same acid, prepared by alcoholysis of the cyclopentadiene‐maleic anhydride adduct followed by isomerization, (2R,3R)‐exo‐monoester was isolated in >98% ee yield after four repeated crystallizations from ethanol. Crystallization of the acids from the mother liquor containing (S)‐1‐phenylethylamine yielded products with inverse stereochemical configuration.Chirality 27:151–155, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Dehydration of Carbohydrates Suspended in Organic Solvents Promoted by AlCl3/SiO2 Coated with Choline Chloride
Authors: Yang Jie , De Oliveira Vigier Karine , Gu Yanlong , Jérôme François
Published: November 2014

We show that the coating of choline chloride on silica‐supported AlCl3 allows the dehydration of carbohydrates to successfully proceed in low boiling point organic solvents. The concept is based on the in situ formation of a deep eutectic liquid phase on the catalyst surface, thus facilitating the interaction between the solid catalyst and insoluble carbohydrate.
Anthracene/Phenothiazine π‐Conjugated Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells using Redox Mediator in Organic and Water‐based Solvents
Authors: Lin Ryan Yeh‐Yung , Chuang Tzu‐Man , Wu Feng‐Ling , Chen Pei‐Yu , Chu Te‐Chun , Ni Jen‐Shyang , Fan Miao‐Syuan , Lo Yih‐Hsing , Ho Kuo‐Chuan , Lin Jiann T.
Published: November 2014

Metal‐free dyes (MD1 to MD5) containing an anthracene/phenothiazine unit in the spacer have been synthesized. The conversion efficiency (7.13 %) of the dye‐sensitized solar cell using MD3 as the sensitizer reached approximately 85 % of the N719‐based standard cell (8.47 %). The cell efficiency (8.42 %) of MD3‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with addition of chenodeoxycholic acid is comparable with that of N719‐based standard cell. The MD3 water‐based DSSCs using a dual‐TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl)/iodide electrolyte exhibited very promising cell performance of 4.96 % with an excellent Voc of 0.77 V.
Graph‐based unsupervised segmentation algorithm for cultured neuronal networks' structure characterization and modeling
Authors: de Santos‐Sierra Daniel , Sendiña‐Nadal Irene , Leyva Inmaculada , Almendral Juan A. , Ayali Amir , Anava Sarit , Sánchez‐Ávila Carmen , Boccaletti Stefano
Published: November 2014

Large scale phase‐contrast images taken at high resolution through the life of a cultured neuronal network are analyzed by a graph‐based unsupervised segmentation algorithm with a very low computational cost, scaling linearly with the image size. The processing automatically retrieves the whole network structure, an object whose mathematical representation is a matrix in which nodes are identified neurons or neurons' clusters, and links are the reconstructed connections between them. The algorithm is also able to extract any other relevant morphological information characterizing neurons and neurites. More importantly, and at variance with other segmentation methods that require fluorescence imaging from immunocytochemistry techniques, our non invasive measures entitle us to perform a longitudinal analysis during the maturation of a single culture. Such an analysis furnishes the way of individuating the main physical processes underlying the self‐organization of the neurons' ensemble into a complex network, and drives the formulation of a phenomenological model yet able to describe qualitatively the overall scenario observed during the culture growth. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Longitudinal associations between temperament and socioemotional outcomes in young children: The moderating role of RSA and gender
Authors: Morales Santiago , Beekman Charles , Blandon Alysia Y. , Stifter Cynthia A. , Buss Kristin A.
Published: November 2014

Temperament is an important predictor of socioemotional adjustment, such as externalizing and internalizing symptoms. However, there is not a one‐to‐one correspondence between temperamental predispositions and these outcomes, implying that other factors also contribute to the development of internalizing and externalizing problems. Self‐regulation is believed to interact with temperament, and has been studied as a predictor for later socioemotional outcomes. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a psychophysiological measure of self‐regulation that has been studied as a moderator of risk. The primary aim of the present study was to test if RSA baseline and RSA reactivity would moderate the link between temperament and socioemotional outcomes. Mothers reported the temperament of their infants (20 months; N = 154), RSA was collected at 24‐ and 42‐months, and mothers reported externalizing and internalizing behaviors at kindergarten entry. RSA baseline and RSA reactivity moderated the relation between exuberant temperament and externalizing behaviors. However, these results were only significant for girls, such that high RSA baseline and greater RSA suppression predicted more externalizing behaviors when exuberance was high. Fearful temperament predicted later internalizing behaviors, but no moderation was present. These results are discussed in light of recent evidence regarding gender differences in the role of RSA as a protective factor for risk. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 105–119, 2015.
Lanthanide(III) Nitride Bismuthides M2NBi (M = La–Nd) and Their Potential as Topological Insulators
Authors: Wolff Klaus K. , Lissner Falk , Köhler Jürgen , Schleid Thomas
Published: November 2014

Four lanthanide(III) nitride bismuthides of the new class M2NBi (M = La–Nd) have been synthesized by the reaction of the respective lanthanide metal (M) with caesium azide (CsN3), elemental bismuth (Bi), the corresponding lanthanide trichloride (MCl3), and caesium chloride (CsCl) as flux in evacuated silica tubes for 7 days at 900 °C. The M2NBi compounds crystallize tetragonally in the space group P4/nmm with Z = 2 with the lattice parameters a = 480.61(4) pm, c = 948.34(9) pm (M = La), a = 475.48(4) pm, c = 938.76(9) pm (M = Ce), a = 471.80(4) pm, c = 929.51(9) pm (M = Pr), and a = 468.13(4), c = 921.08(9) pm (M = Nd). As the main structural feature of the crystal structures, ∞2{[NM2]3+} layers of condensed nitride‐centered square pyramids of M3+ cations dominate. These pyramids, in which the base is built of (M1)3+ and the top of terminal (M2)3+ cations (t), are connected by all four basal edges (e) to form a two‐dimensional network according to ∞2{[N(M1)e4/4(M2)t1/1]3+} that is separated by square double layers of Bi3– anions. Both crystallographically independent M3+ cations bear two types of anions (N3– and Bi3–) as ligands. (M1)3+ is coordinated in the shape of a square antiprism by four N3– and four Bi3– anions, and (M2)3+ is surrounded by a distorted octahedron consisting of one N3– and five Bi3– anions. The Bi3– anions reside in capped square antiprisms of nine M3+ cations. The partial density of states (PDOS) and the band structure of La2NBi show that this compound has to be considered as a zero‐band‐gap semiconductor with a nontrivial topology and a high potential as a topological insulator.
Addition of Vinylmetallic Reagents to Chiral 2‐Formyltetrahydrofuran
Authors: Lamariano‐Merketegi Janire , Lorente Adriana , Gil Alejandro , Albericio Fernando , Álvarez Mercedes
Published: November 2014

Polyketide macrolides, which belong to an interesting family of metabolites, are complex structures with valuable bioactivity. In this work, several procedures for the bond formation between a vinylorganometallic reagent and a chiral formyl‐THF compound were examined for the subsequent application to the total synthesis of phormidolides. Model molecules were synthesized to study and optimize the method that mimics the union of the polyhydroxy chain with the macrocycle of the target polyketide macrolides. A chelation‐controlled organometallic addition, a carboalumination, and the Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) reaction were the three chosen reactions to investigate this bond formation. Satisfactory diastereoselectivity and yields were obtained.
Dithienoquinazolines – A Convenient Synthesis by the Oxidative Photocyclization of 4,5‐Dithienyl‐Substituted Pyrimidines and Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Verbitskiy Egor V. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Valova Marina S. , Cheprakova Ekaterina M. , Schepochkin Akesandr V. , Rusinov Gennady L. , Charushin Valery N.
Published: November 2014

A convenient synthetic route to novel thienoacene systems bearing a fused pyrimidine ring has been advanced. The commercially available 5‐bromopyrimidine was used as the starting material to obtain various dithienoquinazoline systems through nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (the SNH reaction), Suzuki cross‐coupling, and oxidative photocyclization. The redox and optical properties of some of the new compounds have been investigated. The data obtained show the potential of dithienoquinazoline systems in organic electronic applications.
Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Vitamin D in Mixtures of Water‐Ethanol
Authors: Cincotto Fernando H. , Canevari Thiago C. , Machado Sérgio A. S.
Published: November 2014

This paper describes the electrochemical determination of vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) in mixed organic/water solvent, using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The mixing ratio of organic/water solvent has an important influence on the electrocatalytic response of D vitamins on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. Well‐defined peaks for Vitamin D2 and D3 were observed in a 40 % ethanol/60 % water solution with lithium perchlorate as the support electrolyte. This study demonstrated that the glassy carbon electrode is highly sensitive for the determination of vitamin D2 and D3, with a limit of detection of 0.13 and 0.118 µmol L−1, respectively. No significant interference was seen for vitamins A, E and K in the detection of vitamin D.
Computer simulation of electrophoretic aspects of enantiomer migration and separation in capillary electrochromatography with a neutral selector
Authors: Thormann Wolfgang , Caslavska Jitka , Mosher Richard A.
Published: November 2014

A computer simulation study describing the electrophoretic separation and migration of methadone enantiomers in presence of free and immobilized (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐CD is presented. The 1:1 interaction of methadone with the neutral CD was simulated by using experimentally determined mobilities and complexation constants for the complexes in a low‐pH BGE comprising phosphoric acid and KOH. The use of complex mobilities represents free solution conditions with the chiral selector being a buffer additive, whereas complex mobilities set to zero provide data that mimic migration and separation with the chiral selector being immobilized, that is CEC conditions in absence of unspecific interaction between analytes and the chiral stationary phase. Simulation data reveal that separations are quicker, electrophoretic displacement rates are reduced, and sensitivity is enhanced in CEC with on‐column detection in comparison to free solution conditions. Simulation is used to study electrophoretic analyte behavior at the interface between sample and the CEC column with the chiral selector (analyte stacking) and at the rear end when analytes leave the environment with complexation (analyte destacking). The latter aspect is relevant for off‐column analyte detection in CEC and is described here for the first time via the dynamics of migrating analyte zones. Simulation provides insight into means to counteract analyte dilution at the column end via use of a BGE with higher conductivity. Furthermore, the impact of EOF on analyte migration, separation, and detection for configurations with the selector zone being displaced or remaining immobilized under buffer flow is simulated. In all cases, the data reveal that detection should occur within or immediately after the selector zone.
Selection of Low‐Temperature Phase‐Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Based on the VIKOR Method
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Yu , Yang Weihua , Ji Hui
Published: November 2014

Phase‐change materials (PCMs) play an important role in thermal energy management in response to the demand for energy conservation with increasing concerns about environmental pollution. The selection of an optimal PCM is a difficult and critical task because of the immense number of different materials available that have different characteristics. To weigh the influencing factors for a PCM and provide a feasible method to select the best PCM, the VIKOR method was introduced in the field of PCM selection. On the basis of the characteristics of PCMs, an evaluation system of three levels and six different attributes was constructed and a pairwise comparison matrix was established after analysis of the attribute relationships. The relative weights determined by the matrix and the VIKOR method were used to sort out the attributes of alternative PCMs comprehensively. The results show that the method is effective and practical to select PCMs, and stearic acid was determined to be the optimal PCM among the candidates for low‐temperature thermal energy storage.
Spillover Effects in Health Service Use: Evidence From Mental Health Care Using First‐Year College Housing Assignments
Authors: Golberstein Ezra , Eisenberg Daniel , Downs Marilyn F.
Published: November 2014

Spillover effects in health service use may represent an important externality of individual treatment decisions and are important for understanding the consequences of interventions to improve access to health care. This study is the first to our knowledge to examine causal spillover effects for mental health service use. We exploit the natural experiment of first‐year student housing assignments at two universities using survey data that we collected. When the peer group is defined at the roommate level, we do not find any spillover effects on service use. When the peer group is defined at the hall level, we find positive spillover effects—peers' service use increases one's own service use—and this effect is driven by individuals with prior experience with mental health services. We also find some evidence that the mechanism behind this effect is improved beliefs about treatment effectiveness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dye distance mapping using waveguide evanescent field fluorescence microscopy and its application to cell biology
Authors: Fleissner Frederik , Morawitz Michael , Dixon S. Jeffrey , Langbein Uwe , Mittler Silvia
Published: November 2014

Previous studies have measured the distance between cells and the substratum at sites of adhesion via the emission of a fluorescent dye and waveguide methods. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to measure the position of fluorescent dyes above a waveguide surface in the 10–200 nm distance range throughout an entire area, yielding a 2D dye distance map or a 3D contour plot. The dye is located in a multilayered Langmuir Blodgett (LB) film or in the plasma membrane of a cell. Waveguide evanescent field fluorescence (WEFF) images obtained using two different waveguide modes are employed allowing, with a simple mathematical approach, the calculation of dye distance maps. Ultra‐thin steps made using LB technology, adhesion distances and the bending of the plasma membrane between focal adhesions of osteoblastic cells are shown as examples. The errors are discussed.

False color representation of a dye distance map with four osteoblasts. The inset represents an overexposed WEFF image of the same field of view.

magnified image

False color representation of a dye distance map with four osteoblasts. The inset represents an overexposed WEFF image of the same field of view.
Detection and controlled depletion of cancer cells using photothermal phase microscopy
Authors: Turko Nir Abraham , Barnea Itay , Blum Omry , Korenstein Rafi , Shaked Natan Tzvi
Published: November 2014

We present a dual‐modality technique based on wide‐field photothermal (PT) interferometric phase imaging and simultaneous PT ablation to selectively deplete specific cell populations labelled by plasmonic nanoparticles. This combined technique utilizes the plasmonic reaction of gold nanoparticles under optical excitation to produce PT imaging contrast by inducing local phase changes when the excitation power is weak, or ablation of selected cells when increasing the excitation power. Controlling the entire process is carried out by dynamic quantitative phase imaging of all cells (labelled and unlabelled). We demonstrate our ability to detect and specifically ablate in vitro cancer cells over‐expressing epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), labelled with plasmonic nanoparticles, in the presence of either EGFR under‐expressing cancer cells or white blood cells. The latter demonstration establishes an initial model for depletion of circulating tumour cells in blood. The proposed system is able to image in wide field the label‐free quantitative phase profile together with the PT phase profile of the sample, and provides the ability of both detection and selective cell ablation in a controlled environment.

Quantitative phase imaging with molecular specificity and specific cell depletion. (a) Label‐free quantitative phase profiles of mixed population of EGFR+/EGFR– cancer cells. (b) When weak modulated PT excitation is applied, selective phase contrast is generated in the modulation frequency only for the EGFR+ cancer cells labelled with plasmonic nanoparticles. (c) When stronger modulated PT excitation is applied, selective ablation of the EGFR+ cancer cells labelled with plasmonic nanoparticles occurs. White scalebars represent 10 µm upon sample.

magnified image

Quantitative phase imaging with molecular specificity and specific cell depletion. (a) Label‐free quantitative phase profiles of mixed population of EGFR+/EGFR– cancer cells. (b) When weak modulated PT excitation is applied, selective phase contrast is generated in the modulation frequency only for the EGFR+ cancer cells labelled with plasmonic nanoparticles. (c) When stronger modulated PT excitation is applied, selective ablation of the EGFR+ cancer cells labelled with plasmonic nanoparticles occurs. White scalebars represent 10 µm upon sample.
Multifunctional spider silk polymers for gene delivery to human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tokareva Olena S. , Glettig Dean L. , Abbott Rosalyn D. , Kaplan David L.
Published: November 2014

Non‐viral gene delivery systems are important transport vehicles that can be safe and effective alternatives to currently available viral systems. A new family of multifunctional spider silk‐based gene carriers was bioengineered and found capable of targeting human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). These carriers successfully delivered DNA to the nucleus of these mammalian cells. The presence of specific functional sequences in the recombinant proteins, such as a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of the large tumor (T) antigen of the Simian virus 40 (SV40), an hMSC high affinity binding peptide (HAB), and a translocation motif (TLM) of the hepatitis‐B virus surface protein (PreS2), and their roles in mitigation and enhancement of gene transfection efficiency towards hMSCs were characterized. The results demonstrate that these bioengineered spider silk proteins serve as effective carriers, without the well‐known complications associated with viral delivery systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1390–1401, 2015.
TSH Elevations as the First Laboratory Evidence for Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib (PHP-Ib)
Authors: Molinaro Angelo , Tiosano Dov , Takatani Rieko , Chrysis Dionisios , Russell William , Koscielniak Nikolas , Kottler Marie-Laure , Agretti Patrizia , De Marco Giuseppina , Ahtiainen Petteri , Christov Marta , Mäkitie Outi , Tonacchera Massimo , Jüppner Harald
Published: November 2014

Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia because of resistance toward parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the proximal renal tubules are the most prominent abnormalities in patients affected by pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP-Ib). In this rare disorder, which is caused by GNAS methylation changes, resistance can occur toward other hormones, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), that mediate their actions through G protein-coupled receptors. However, these additional laboratory abnormalities are usually not recognized until PTH-resistant hypocalcemia becomes clinically apparent. We now describe four pediatric patients, first diagnosed with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism between the ages of 0.2 and 15 years, who developed overt PTH-resistance 3 to 20 years later. Although anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies provided a plausible explanation for hypothyroidism in one of these patients, this and two other patients revealed broad epigenetic GNAS abnormalities, which included loss of methylation (LOM) at exons AS, XL, and A/B, and gain of methylation at exon NESP55; ie, findings consistent with PHP-Ib. LOM at GNAS exon A/B alone led in the fourth patient to the identification of a maternally inherited 3-kb STX16 deletion, a well-established cause of autosomal dominant PHP-Ib. Although GNAS methylation changes were not detected in additional pediatric and adult patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (23 pediatric and 39 adult cases), hypothyroidism can obviously be the initial finding in PHP-Ib patients. One should therefore consider measuring PTH, along with calcium and phosphate, in patients with unexplained hypothyroidism for extended periods of time to avoid hypocalcemia and associated clinical complications. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
ERK1 and ERK2 Regulate Chondrocyte Terminal Differentiation During Endochondral Bone Formation
Authors: Chen Zhijun , Yue Susan X , Zhou Guang , Greenfield Edward M , Murakami Shunichi
Published: November 2014

Chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage undergo terminal differentiation prior to their removal through apoptosis. To examine the role of ERK1 and ERK2 in chondrocyte terminal differentiation, we generated Osterix (Osx)-Cre; ERK1–/–; ERK2flox/flox mice (conditional knockout Osx [cKOosx]), in which ERK1 and ERK2 were deleted in hypertrophic chondrocytes. These cKOosx mice were grossly normal in size at birth, but by 3 weeks of age exhibited shorter long bones. Histological analysis in these mice revealed that the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate was markedly expanded. In situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (Mmp13) and Osteopontin expression was significantly decreased, indicating impaired chondrocyte terminal differentiation. Moreover, Egr1 and Egr2, transcription factors whose expression is restricted to the last layers of hypertrophic chondrocytes in wild-type mice, were also strongly downregulated in these cKOosx mice. In transient transfection experiments in the RCS rat chondrosarcoma cell line, the expression of Egr1, Egr2, or a constitutively active mutant of MEK1 increased the activity of an Osteopontin promoter, whereas the MEK1-induced activation of the Osteopontin promoter was inhibited by the coexpression of Nab2, an Egr1 and Egr2 co-repressor. These results suggest that MEK1-ERK signaling activates the Osteopontin promoter in part through Egr1 and Egr2. Finally, our histological analysis of cKOosx mice demonstrated enchondroma-like lesions in the bone marrow that are reminiscent of human metachondromatosis, a skeletal disorder caused by mutations in PTPN11. Our observations suggest that the development of enchondromas in metachondromatosis may be caused by reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK MAPK) signaling. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Regulation of Mitochondrial Morphology by Positive Feedback Interaction Between PKCδ and Drp1 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell
Authors: Lim Soyeon , Lee Se‐Yeon , Seo Hyang‐Hee , Ham Onju , Lee Changyeon , Park Jun‐Hee , Lee Jiyun , Seung Minji , Yun Ina , Han Sun M. , Lee Seahyoung , Choi Eunhyun , Hwang Ki‐Chul
Published: November 2014

Dynamin‐related protein‐1 (Drp1) plays a critical role in mitochondrial fission which allows cell proliferation and Mdivi‐1, a specific small molecule Drp1 inhibitor, is revealed to attenuate proliferation. However, few molecular mechanisms‐related to Drp1 under stimulus for restenosis or atherosclerosis have been investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). Therefore, we hypothesized that Drp1 inhibition can prevent vascular restenosis and investigated its regulatory mechanism. Angiotensin II (Ang II) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced proliferation and migration in SMCs were attenuated by down‐regulation of Drp1 Ser 616 phosphorylation, which was demonstrated by in vitro assays for migration and proliferation. Excessive amounts of ROS production and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were prevented by Drp1 inhibition under Ang II and H2O2. Under the Ang II stimulation, activated Drp1 interacted with PKCδ and then activated MEK1/2‐ERK1/2 signaling cascade and MMP2, but not MMP9. Furthermore, in ex vivo aortic ring assay, inhibition of the Drp1 had significant anti‐proliferative and ‐migration effects for vSMCs. A formation of vascular neointima in response to a rat carotid artery balloon injury was prevented by Drp1 inhibition, which shows a beneficial effect of Drp1 regulation in the pathologic vascular condition. Drp1‐mediated SMC proliferation and migration can be prevented by mitochondrial division inhibitor (Mdivi‐1) in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, and these results suggest the possibility that Drp1 can be a new therapeutic target for restenosis or atherosclerosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 648–660, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple goals: A review and derivation of general principles
Authors: Unsworth Kerrie , Yeo Gillian , Beck James
Published: November 2014

A great deal of literature has examined the factors involved in single‐goal pursuit. However, there is a burgeoning realization that employees hold multiple goals at any one point in time and that findings from the single‐goal literature do not necessarily apply to multiple‐goal situations. Research is now being conducted on multiple goals, but it is being conducted across a broad range of disciplines, examining different levels of the goal hierarchy. Consequently, researchers are using the same label to refer to distinct concepts (the “jangle” fallacy) or different labels to refer to similar concepts (the “jingle” fallacy), and some aspects of the multiple‐goal space are yet to be examined. We derive seven general principles of the multiple‐goal process from a broad review of the literature. In doing so, we provide a common architecture and an overarching perspective of the theory for ongoing research as well as highlighting a number of areas for future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Putting your best “face” forward: The role of emotion‐based well‐being in organizational research
Authors: Wright Thomas A.
Published: November 2014

Organizational researchers have long been interested in the role played by employee “happiness” in workplace life. What remains less clear is what exactly constitutes happiness. The present purpose is not to invent a new definition of happiness. Rather the goal is to present the extant body of knowledge about “happiness” in a more manageable and consistent manner to assist future research endeavors. To that end, an overview of the literature is provided, which summarizes the differing approaches to the study of the “happiness” and “well‐being” constructs into a more coherent framework. More specifically, the four faces of happiness taxonomy is used to highlight the conceptual diversity of happiness. These four faces include objective indicators, eudaimonic well‐being, facets of satisfaction, and emotion‐based conceptualizations of well‐being. The present research highlights the importance of emotion‐based measures of well‐being (Category 4) in the prediction of such important organizational variables as job performance and employee retention. Several avenues for future research endeavors on workplace happiness and well‐being are suggested, including the possibility of additional faces of happiness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Future time perspective, regulatory focus, and selection, optimization, and compensation: Testing a longitudinal model
Authors: Baltes Boris B. , Wynne Kevin , Sirabian Mgrdich , Krenn Daniel , de Lange Annet
Published: November 2014

This study examines the behavioral processes through which future time perspective (FTP) and regulatory focus may influence coping behaviors in older workers. A three‐wave longitudinal study was conducted to test a novel model, positing that FTP affects regulatory focus, which then influences the coping strategies of selection, optimization, and compensation. A sample of participants from the Netherlands was invited to participate and complete online questionnaires. Results demonstrated strong support that FTP was found to influence regulatory focus, which then influenced the use of selection, optimization, and compensation behaviors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the physical environment of work and employee behavior: An affective events perspective
Authors: Ashkanasy Neal M. , Ayoko Oluremi B. , Jehn Karen A.
Published: November 2014

Despite the fact that so many employees in the modern industrialized world work in office settings, organizational behavior researchers to date have been slow to recognize how important it is to study the effects of the physical work environment on office workers. Consequently, we have yet to form a clear understanding of the connection between the workplace physical environment and office workers' behaviors and outcomes. In this essay, therefore, we seek to unpack some of the broad issues, including the effects of major characteristics of the physical environment of work—such as personal space and spatial density, personalization and identity, territoriality, conflict, and emotions—that can help to advance our knowledge in this field. We focus on open‐plan office settings and suggest that this particular physical environment constitutes a source of “affective events” that, in turn, shape office workers' behaviors and attitudes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex Multicompartment Micelles from Simple ABC Linear Triblock Copolymers in Solution
Authors: Zhou Yang , Xia Hong‐Gang , Long Xin‐Ping , Xue Xiang‐Gui , Qian Wen
Published: November 2014

For the simple ABC linear terpolymer composed of a solvophilic A block and two solvophobic B and C blocks, the solution‐state self‐assembly is systematically investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, and several complex multicompartment micelles beyond the conventional wisdom, such as helix‐on‐sphere, cage, ring, bowl, raspberry‐onion and so on, are predicted from the simulations. The detailed phase diagrams clearly point out the regions of building these complex multicompartment micelles. Thus, the complex multicompartment micelles can be obtained from the simple linear ABC terpolymers. This work advances the molecular‐level understanding of multicompartment micelles from the simple linear ABC terpolymers, which will be useful for the future application of novel micelles.
A posterior error estimates for the nonlinear grating problem with transparent boundary condition
Authors: Wang Zhoufeng , Zhang Yunzhang
Published: November 2014

The nonlinear grating problem is modeled by Maxwell's equations with transparent boundary conditions. The nonlocal boundary operators are truncated by taking sufficiently many terms in the corresponding expansions. A finite element method with the truncation operators is developed for solving the nonlinear grating problem. The two posterior error estimates are established. The a posterior error estimate consists of two parts: finite element discretization error and the truncation error of the nonlocal boundary operators. In particular, the truncation error caused by truncation operations is exponentially decayed when the parameter N is increased. Numerical experiment is included to illustrate the efficiency of the method. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 1101–1118, 2015