bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wpływ doboru inhalatora i cząstki na skuteczność terapii wziewnej w POChP
Authors: Śliwiński Paweł , Chazan Ryszarda , Dąbrowiecki Piotr , Jahnz-Różyk Karina , Mróz Robert , Pirożyński Michał
Published: September 2016

Farmakoterapia stosowana drogą inhalacyjną wykorzystuje efekt podania leku bezpośrednio do narządu docelowego. Umożliwia to podanie bardzo małej dawki leku, która wywiera efekt kliniczny porównywalny z terapią doustną przy wielokrotnie mniejszym efekcie toksycznym. Niemniej, także w terapii inhalacyjnej istnieją czynniki ograniczające dostęp molekuł leku do receptorów narządów docelowych. Dostarczenie pożądanej dawki leku z inhalatora do płuc zależy od typu inhalatora (ciśnieniowy, proszkowy), jego charakterystyki (opór wewnętrzny, średnica cząstek i dystrybucja ich poszczególnych frakcji w generowanym aerozolu), warunków termicznych powietrza oraz od zdolności inhalacyjnych samego chorego. Zastosowanie inhalatorów suchego proszku (DPI) dzięki uwalnianiu dawki leku wdechem wyeliminowało występujący u wielu chorych problem koordynacji wdechu z momentem uwolnienia aerozolu z inhalatora. Poszczególne inhalatory DPI różnią się jednak istotnie pod względem możliwości ich optymalnego stosowania przez chorych na obturacyjne choroby układu oddechowego. Z tego powodu powinny być z rozwagą dobierane do potrzeb i możliwości każdego chorego.
Projeto Cidadão Ambiental Mirim: contribuições à Educação Ambiental no ensino fundamental
Authors: Dias Dalva Simone Strapasson , Carneiro Sônia Maria Marchiorato
Published: September 2016

O trabalho tem por objetivo socializar os resultados da pesquisa que analisou as contribuições do Projeto “Cidadão Ambiental Mirim”, no desenvolvimento da Educação Ambiental (EA), nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, no município de Colombo-PR. O referencial teórico teve como pressuposto a importância da formação cidadã do educando, comprometido com uma viável sustentabilidade socioambiental. A pesquisa qualitativa, diagnóstico-avalitativa, levantou dados por meio de observações participantes, análise documental, entrevistas e questionários com docentes, equipes pedagógicas e alunos; o tratamento dos dados embasou-se no método de análise de conteúdos. O estudo revelou que o Projeto tem potencial educativo para estimular a formação cidadã dos educandos, precisando avançar sob o foco da EA crítica, em relação ao seu desenvolvimento prático e na formação dos educadores, na perspectiva de uma educação socioambiental cidadã.
The skin is a significant but overlooked anatomical reservoir for vector-borne African trypanosomes
Authors: Capewell Paul , Cren-Travaillé Christelle , Marchesi Francesco , Johnston Pamela , Clucas Caroline , Benson Robert A , Gorman Taylor-Anne , Calvo-Alvarez Estefania , Crouzols Aline , Jouvion Grégory , Jamonneau Vincent , Weir William , Stevenson M Lynn , O'Neill Kerry , Cooper Anneli , Swar Nono-raymond Kuispond , Bucheton Bruno , Ngoyi Dieudonné Mumba , Garside Paul , Rotureau Brice , MacLeod Annette
Published: September 2016

The role of mammalian skin in harbouring and transmitting arthropod-borne protozoan parasites has been overlooked for decades as these pathogens have been regarded primarily as blood-dwelling organisms. Intriguingly, infections with low or undetected blood parasites are common, particularly in the case of Human African Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. We hypothesise, therefore, the skin represents an anatomic reservoir of infection. Here we definitively show that substantial quantities of trypanosomes exist within the skin following experimental infection, which can be transmitted to the tsetse vector, even in the absence of detectable parasitaemia. Importantly, we demonstrate the presence of extravascular parasites in human skin biopsies from undiagnosed individuals. The identification of this novel reservoir requires a re-evaluation of current diagnostic methods and control policies. More broadly, our results indicate that transmission is a key evolutionary force driving parasite extravasation that could further result in tissue invasion-dependent pathology.
Nucleophile sensitivity of Drosophila TRPA1 underlies light-induced feeding deterrence
Authors: Du Eun Jo , Ahn Tae Jung , Wen Xianlan , Seo Dae-Won , Na Duk L , Kwon Jae Young , Choi Myunghwan , Kim Hyung-Wook , Cho Hana , Kang KyeongJin
Published: September 2016

Solar irradiation including ultraviolet (UV) light causes tissue damage by generating reactive free radicals that can be electrophilic or nucleophilic due to unpaired electrons. Little is known about how free radicals induced by natural sunlight are rapidly detected and avoided by animals. We discover that Drosophila Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), previously known only as an electrophile receptor, sensitively detects photochemically active sunlight through nucleophile sensitivity. Rapid light-dependent feeding deterrence in Drosophila was mediated only by the TRPA1(A) isoform, despite the TRPA1(A) and TRPA1(B) isoforms having similar electrophile sensitivities. Such isoform dependence re-emerges in the detection of structurally varied nucleophilic compounds and nucleophilicity-accompanying hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Furthermore, these isoform-dependent mechanisms require a common set of TRPA1(A)-specific residues dispensable for electrophile detection. Collectively, TRPA1(A) rapidly responds to natural sunlight intensities through its nucleophile sensitivity as a receptor of photochemically generated radicals, leading to an acute light-induced behavioral shift in Drosophila.
Possibility of using Multimedia Application for Learning
Authors: Gunawardhana L. K. Pulasthi Dhananjaya , Palaniappan Sellappan
Published: September 2016

Technology is developing quickly. Multimedia, a form of technology, is being used as a teaching tool these days. Many researchers and educators have found suitable ways to design multimedia applications in order to achieve fruitful educational outcomes. Not that all we are going to discuss here, the definition of multimedia, and the connection between multimedia and learning tools, concept of multimedia applications, how they are formed using a different media, the type of educational element that effect to learn in their natural environment and the real-world issues. The definitions and characteristics of multimedia and educational elements are explained in this article.
In vitroandin vivocomparison of transport media for detecting nasopharyngeal carriage ofStreptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Steens Anneke , Milhano Natacha , Aaberge Ingeborg S. , Vestrheim Didrik F.
Published: September 2016

Background

As a standard method for pneumococcal carriage studies, the World Health Organization recommends nasopharyngeal swabs be transported and stored at cool temperatures in a medium containing skim-milk, tryptone, glucose and glycerol (STGG). An enrichment broth used for transport at room temperature in three carriage studies performed in Norway may have a higher sensitivity than STGG. We therefore compared the mediain vitroandin vivo.

Methods

For thein vitrocomponent, three strains (serotype 4, 19F and 3) were suspended in STGG and enrichment broth. Recovery was compared using latex agglutination, quantification of bacterial loads by real-time PCR of thelytAgene, and counting colonies from incubated plates. For thein vivocomparison, paired swabs were obtained from 100 children and transported in STGG at cool temperatures or in enrichment broth at room temperature. Carriage was identified by latex agglutination and confirmed by Quellung reaction.

Results

In vitro, the cycle threshold values obtained by PCR did not differ between the two media (p= 0.853) and no clear difference in colony counts was apparent after incubation (p= 0.593).In vivo, pneumococci were recovered in 46% of swabs transported in STGG and 51% of those transported in enrichment broth (Kappa statistic 0.90,p= 0.063).

Discussion

Overall, no statistical differences in sensitivity were found between STGG and enrichment broth. Nevertheless, some serotype differences were observed and STGG appeared slightly less sensitive than enrichment broth for detection of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci by culturing. We recommend the continued use of STGG for transport and storage of nasopharyngeal swabs in pneumococcal carriage studies for the benefit of comparability between studies and settings, including more resource-limited settings.
Self-rated mental health and race/ethnicity in the United States: support for the epidemiological paradox
Authors: Santos-Lozada Alexis R.
Published: September 2016

This paper evaluates racial/ethnic differences in self-rated mental health for adults in the United States, while controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as length of stay in the country. Using data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Supplement (NHIS-CCS), binomial logistic regression models are fit to estimate the association between race/ethnicity and poor/fair self-reported mental health among US Adults. The size of the analytical sample was 22,844 persons. Overall prevalence of poor/fair self-rated mental health was 7.72%, with lower prevalence among Hispanics (6.93%). Non-Hispanic blacks had the highest prevalence (10.38%). After controls for socioeconomic characteristics are incorporated in the models, Hispanics were found to have a lower probability of reporting poor/fair self-rated mental health in comparison to non-Hispanic whites (OR= 0.70; 95% CI [0.55–0.90]). No difference was found for other minority groups when compared to the reference group in the final model. Contrary to global self-rated health, Hispanics were found to have a lower probability of reporting poor/fair self-rated mental health in comparison to non-Hispanic whites. No difference was found for non-Hispanic blacks when they were compared to non-Hispanic whites. Self-rated mental health is therefore one case of a self-rating of health in which evidence supporting the epidemiological paradox is found among adults in the United States.
Portal Vein Pressure Change Predicts Posthepatectomy Liver Failure Following Right Lobectomy
Authors: Iida Hiroya , Aihara Tsukasa , Ikuta Shinichi , Yamanaka Naoki
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative portal venous pressure (PVP) as a predictor of posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). Hepatic functional reserve is typically evaluated by using parameters such as albumin level, platelet count, prothrombin activity level, or indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes. Low hepatic functional reserve can enhance the risk of PHLF. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 35 patients who underwent right lobectomy and intraoperative PVP measurements between April 2004 and August 2012. According to preoperative prediction scores, all patients were within a safe limit for right lobectomy. The patients were grouped into uncomplicated (n = 22) and PHLF (n = 13) groups by postoperative course. PHLF was defined as grade B or C according to International Study Group of Liver Surgery criteria. Patient background, intraoperative bleeding, operative time, and PVP elevation after hepatectomy (ΔPVP) grade were compared between the groups. No cases of in-hospital death occurred. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in preoperative white blood counts, intraoperative bleeding, and ΔPVP between the groups (P < 0.05). The ΔPVP was an independent risk factor on multivariate analysis. A ΔPVP >3 cmH2O was associated with PHLF at 69.2% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity. Following right lobectomy, a ΔPVP >3 cmH2O indicates a risk of PHLF and warrants careful postoperative management.
Quantifying uncertainty in future ocean carbon uptake
Authors: Dunne John P.
Published: September 2016

Attributing uncertainty in ocean carbon uptake between societal trajectory (scenarios), Earth System Model construction (structure), and inherent natural variation in climate (internal) is critical to make progress in identifying, understanding, and reducing those uncertainties. In the present issue of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Lovenduski et al. (2016) disentangle these drivers of uncertainty in ocean carbon uptake over time and space and assess the resulting implications for the emergence timescales of structural and scenario uncertainty over internal variability. Such efforts are critical for establishing realizable and efficient monitoring goals and prioritizing areas of continued model development. Under recently proposed climate stabilization targets, such efforts to partition uncertainty also become increasingly critical to societal decision‐making in the context of carbon stabilization.
A theoretical framework for the changing spectral properties of meter‐scale Farley‐Buneman waves between 90 and 125 km altitudes
Authors: St.‐Maurice Jean‐Pierre , Chau Jorge L.
Published: September 2016

Stimulated by recent observations described in a companion paper, we have revisited existing theories of the Farley‐Buneman instability throughout the altitude range 90 to 125 km. We have assumed that the irregularities detected by radars at a given altitude are dominated by structures moving at the threshold speed in a direction associated with maximum linear growth rate conditions. We included recent nonisothermal electron and ion theories, which can modify threshold speeds by considerable amounts. We included altitude‐dependent models of ion and electron temperature and of the ion motion in the phase velocity calculations. Our treatment of the instability explains why some spectra are slow (Doppler shifts typically 200 m/s) and narrow, while others are fast (1500 m/s or close to the E × B) and narrow. These narrow spectra have all the characteristics of what has been labeled as “Type III” and “Type IV” in the past. Our calculations also offer an explanation for the observation of a strong asymmetry in the number of events with positive Doppler shifts near the nominal ion‐acoustic speed and those with negative Doppler shifts of the same magnitude.
Teleconnection between the North Indian Ocean high swell events and meteorological conditions over the Southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Remya P. G. , Vishnu S. , Praveen Kumar B. , Balakrishnan Nair T. M. , Rohith B.
Published: September 2016

The link between North Indian Ocean (NIO) high swell events and the meteorological conditions over the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) is explored in this article, using a combination of in situ measurements and model simulations for the year 2005. High waves, without any sign in the local winds, sometimes cause severe flooding events along the south‐west coast of India, locally known as the Kallakkadal events and cause major societal problems along the coasts. In situ observations report 10 high swell events in NIO during 2005. Our study confirms that these events are caused by the swells propagating from south of 30°S. In all cases, 3–5 days prior to the high swell events in NIO, we observed a severe low pressure system, called the Cut‐Off Low (COL) in the Southern Ocean. These COLs are quasistationary in nature, providing strong (∼25 ms−1) and long duration (∼3 days) surface winds over a large fetch; essential conditions for the generation of long‐period swells. The intense equator ward winds associated with COLs in the SIO trigger the generation of high waves, which propagate to NIO as swells. Furthermore, these swells cause high wave activity and sometimes Kallakkadal events along the NIO coastal regions, depending on the local topography, angle of incidence, and tidal conditions. Our study shows that such natural hazards along the NIO coasts can be forecasted at least 2 days in advance if the meteorological conditions of the SIO are properly monitored.
Estimation of volcanic ash emissions through assimilating satellite data and ground‐based observations
Authors: Lu Sha , Lin Hai Xiang , Heemink Arnold , Segers Arjo , Fu Guangliang
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we reconstruct the vertical profile of volcanic ash emissions by assimilating satellite data and ground‐based observations using a modified trajectory‐based 4D‐Var (Trj4DVar) approach. In our previous work, we found that the lack of vertical resolution in satellite ash column data can result in a poor estimation of the injection layer where the ash is emitted into the atmosphere. The injection layer is crucial for the forecast of volcanic ash clouds. To improve estimation, Trj4DVar was implemented, and it has shown increased performance in twin experiments using synthetic observations. However, there are some cases with real satellite data where Trj4DVar has difficulty in obtaining an accurate estimation of the injection layer. To remedy this, we propose a modification of Trj4DVar, test it with synthetic twin experiments, and evaluate real data performance. The results show that the modified Trj4DVar is able to accurately estimate the injection height (location of the maximal emission rate) by incorporating the plume height (top of the ash plume) and mass eruption rate data obtained from ground‐based observations near the source into the assimilation system. This will produce more accurate emission estimations and more reliable forecasts of volcanic ash clouds. Also provided are two strategies on the preprocessing and proper use of satellite data.
Estimating the effective nitrogen import: An example for the North Sea‐Baltic Sea boundary
Authors: Radtke H. , Maar M.
Published: September 2016

Semienclosed water bodies such as the Baltic Sea are prone to eutrophication problems. If local nutrient abatement measures are taken to tackle these problems, their success may be limited if a strong nutrient exchange with the adjacent waters exists. The quantification of this exchange is therefore essential to estimate its impact on the ecosystem status. At the example of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, we illustrate that neither gross transports nor net transports of nutrients have a strong informative value in this context. Instead, we define an “effective import” as the import of nutrients which have not been inside the Baltic Sea before and estimate it in an ecological model with a nutrient‐tagging technique. This effective import of bioreactive nitrogen from the Skagerrak to the Kattegat amounts to 103 kt/yr; from Kattegat to Belt Sea it is 54 kt/yr. The nitrogen exchange is therefore 30% stronger than other estimates, e.g., based on import in the deep water, suggest. An isolated view on the Baltic Sea and the North Sea in terms of eutrophication, as it is practiced in management today, is therefore questionable. Nitrogen imported from the North Sea typically spreads eastward up to the Bornholm Basin but can be transported into the deep waters of the Gotland Basin during Major Baltic Inflows in a significant amount.
Temporal and spatial patterns of sediment routing across the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Insights from detrital zircon
Authors: Wissink Gregory K. , Hoke Gregory D. , Garzione Carmala N. , Liu‐Zeng Jing
Published: September 2016

The Cenozoic deposits of the Tibetan Plateau's southeastern margin are often cited as part of a continental‐scale river system connecting the Paleo‐Yangtze River with the Paleo‐Red River. Confirming the purported connection and any subsequent drainage reorganization has garnered significant attention and varied proposed ages for reorganization. This study presents detrital zircon U‐Pb ages and paleocurrents in Eocene to Pleistocene sedimentary basin deposits distributed over a broad area of the southeast Tibetan Plateau margin within the area of proposed paleoriver connectivity. When combined with previously published studies, our U‐Pb ages allow examination of the temporal and spatial distributions of provenance throughout the Cenozoic. We identify six key age components of the detrital U‐Pb age distributions and use these to examine the patterns of sediment provenance for different Cenozoic epochs. Detailed analysis of these components shows that provenance for both onshore and offshore deposits is best described by local bedrock sources and provides little to no evidence of regional changes in provenance. This suggests that a stable fluvial system similar to the modern drainage network has existed since the Eocene with no evidence for major provenance‐altering river capture. Paleoflow measurements taken throughout the SE margin further corroborate the results of detrital zircon provenance. The combination of U‐Pb age components and paleocurrent directions does not support a Cenozoic connection between the Paleo‐Yangtze and Paleo‐Red Rivers.
Effect of Daylight Saving Time on Punctuality for Medical Appointments
Authors: Valax Marie‐Françoise , Rattat Anne‐Claire , Baracat Bruno , Cegarra Julien
Published: September 2016

We studied the effect of the switch from daylight saving time to winter time on punctuality for medical appointments, thus allowing us to investigate the role of dynamic and analytic modes of time management in time‐based prospective memory tasks. Insofar as some authors assume that the dynamic mode of time management is based on rhythms, we hypothesised that the switch from daylight saving time would cause more disturbances when participants' everyday activity had a weak temporal structure. Results showed that after the switch, participants arrived early for their appointments, but this earliness was not higher for participants whose everyday activity had a low temporal structure than for participants with highly structured everyday activity. Nevertheless, compared to the time they planned to arrive, participants with low regularity of activity arrived earlier after the switch, suggesting that their temporal reference would the time fixed by themselves, rather than the appointment time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online SERS Quantification of Staphylococcus aureus and the Application to Diagnostics in Human Fluids
Authors: Catala Carme , Mir‐Simon Bernat , Feng Xiaotong , Cardozo Celia , Pazos‐Perez Nicolas , Pazos Elena , Gómez‐de Pedro Sara , Guerrini Luca , Soriano Alex , Vila Jordi , Marco Francec , Garcia‐Rico Eduardo , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramon A.
Published: September 2016

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of serious infections. One of the main drawbacks in its treatment is the time required for a positive diagnosis, over 24 h, as most methods are still based in bacterial culture. Herein, a microfluidic optical device for the rapid and ultrasensitive quantification of S. aureus in real human fluids is designed. In this approach, the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐encoded particles, functionalized with either an antibody or an aptamer, form a dense collection of electromagnetic hot spots on the surface of S. aureus. This allows for an exponentially increase of the SERS signal when particles accumulate on the microorganism as compared to their free condition in bulk solution. Quantification is achieved by passing the sample through a microfluidic device with a collection window where a laser interrogates and classifies each of the induced bacteria–nanoparticle aggregates in real time. Further, the advantages of using aptamers versus antibodies as biorecognition elements are extensively investigated.
Mechanism of the effects of microwave irradiation on the relative volatility of binary mixtures
Authors: Li Hong , Cui Junjie , Liu Jiahui , Li Xingang , Gao Xin
Published: September 2016

The use of microwave irradiation to enhance distillation processes has been reported recently. However, there is an ongoing debate in the scientific community on whether the observed enhancement is mainly a consequence of the shift of the “equilibrium” of vapor–liquid mass transfer. In this article, a developed instrument was used to determine the relative volatility of various binary mixtures under microwave irradiation. By comparing the relative volatility in the presence/absence of microwave irradiation, the shift of the “equilibrium” of vapor–liquid mass transfer was observed for certain binary mixtures under microwave irradiation. The effects of microwave irradiation on the relative volatility of binary mixtures (in addition to the mechanisms involved therein) were analyzed using the non‐equilibrium thermodynamic principle. The results demonstrate that differences in the dielectric properties, microwave field intensity, intermolecular forces, and boiling point play dominant roles in determining the effects of microwaves on the relative volatility. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1328–1337, 2017
Effect of crosslink density on thermal conductivity of epoxy/carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Choi Jae Hun , Song Ho Jun , Jung Jin , Yu Jin Won , You Nam‐Ho , Goh Munju
Published: September 2016

The effect of the polymeric crosslink density on the thermal conductivity of an epoxy nanocomposite was investigated by adding two different diamine‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (diamine‐MWNTs) to the epoxy resin as co‐curing agents and conducting fillers. Tetramethylenediamine (TMDA)‐MWNTs resulted in an epoxy nanocomposite with a higher crosslink density than octamethylenediamine (OMDA)‐MWNTs. Interestingly, epoxy/TMDA‐MWNT nanocomposites under 1.5 wt % nanotube concentration, showed a higher thermal conductivity than an epoxy/OMDA‐MWNT nanocomposite with the same concentration of nanotubes. In contrast, for higher diamine‐MWNT concentrations (over 2.0 wt %), the thermal conductivity of the epoxy/OMDA‐MWNT nanocomposite was higher than that with TMDA‐MWNTs. We observed that for low MWNT concentrations, where a percolating network was not formed, a high crosslink density enhanced the thermal conductivity via phonon transport. However, for high MWNT concentrations, a high crosslink density hinders the formation of a percolating network and lowers the thermal conductivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44253.
Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gel‐based macroporous monolith for continuous‐flow recovery of palladium(II) ions
Authors: Seto Hirokazu , Matsumoto Hikaru , Shibuya Makoto , Akiyoshi Takanori , Hoshino Yu , Miura Yoshiko
Published: September 2016

Macroporous monoliths, composed of thermoresponsive, tertiary‐aminated, and crosslinking monomers, were prepared for continuous‐flow separation of palladium(II) ions. N‐Isopropylacrylamide was required to form the porous structure in the monoliths, indicating that the mechanism of porous structure formation involved polymerization‐induced phase separation of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gel. Tertiary‐aminated monoliths showed adsorption selectivity for palladium(II) ions in hydrochloric media, compared with copper(II) ions. The maximum capacities of the monoliths with tertiary amine contents of 10, 20, 30, and 70 mol % for palladium(II) ions were 0.6, 1.1, 1.3, and 2.3 mmol/g, respectively. Darcy's permeabilities of water through the macroporous monolith were 10−14 to 10−13 m2, and those were comparable to that through a commercially available membrane filter with a pore size of several micrometers. In the continuous‐flow process, the macroporous monolith with tertiary amine selectively adsorbed palladium(II) ions in the coexistence of copper(II) ions with 10 times higher concentration than the palladium(II) ions. The palladium(II) ions were eluted from the macroporous monolith, and the concentration of palladium(II) ions in the eluate was up to 45 times of that in the feed solution. The average enrichment factor and total recovery percentage of palladium(II) ions were 8.7 times and 95%, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44385.
Monofunctional compatibilizer with long alkyl end for fabrication of superior tensile wood flour‐polyolefin composites
Authors: Ye Ming , Zhu Nianqing , Li Xiaojie , Ni Zhongbin , Qiu Zhuowei , Chen Mingqing
Published: September 2016

A novel monofunctional compatibilizer (OID) was prepared and used as compatibilizer for fabrication of wood‐plastic composites. OID was successfully synthesized by esterification reaction of isophorone diisocyanate and octadecanol as confirmed by Fourier transform‐infrared spectra. After OID modification, the hydrophobicity of wood flour surface was enhanced as indicated by the increase of surface water contact angle. By using OID as compatibilizer, an obvious enhancement of the interfacial adhesion between wood flour and polyolefin was observed by scanning electron microscopy. As a result, the tensile properties of the obtained polypropylene/wood flour composites and polyethylene/wood flour composites were significantly enhanced. Besides, the processability of polyolefin/wood flour composites was also improved by adding OID. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44429.
Crystal Growth, Structure, Resistivity, Magnetic, and Photoelectric Properties of One‐Dimensional Selenometallate Ba2BiFeSe5
Authors: Li Xiaoshuang , Zhang Xian , Kalai Selvan G. , Arumugam S. , Huang Fuqiang , Wu Yicheng , Yao Jiyong
Published: September 2016

Low‐dimensional materials have attracted extensive research interest in recent years owing to their interesting structural chemistry and physical properties, which will greatly deepen our knowledge of these materials and could lead to additional breakthroughs in the future. Herein we have synthesized and characterized Ba2BiFeSe5, which adopts a quasi‐one‐dimensional structure and possesses some fascinating physical properties. The sharp divergences between the field‐cooled (FC) and the zero‐field‐cooled (ZFC) data and the rather small magnetic moment per Fe3+ (0.07 μB) strongly suggest that the title compound is weakly ferromagnetic with a high magnetic transition temperature above room temperature, which is controlled by competing super‐exchange interactions within and between [FeBiSe5]∞ anionic ladders. Moreover, with its narrow bandgap of 0.95 eV, Ba2BiFeSe5 shows photoelectric properties with a photocurrent density of approximately 30 mA cm2 at 5 V. Our study demonstrates that Ba2FeBiSe5 might be a new type of multifunctional material that deserves further investigation.
The Heston model with stochastic elasticity of variance
Authors: Choi Sun‐Yong , Kim Jeong‐Hoon , Yoon Ji‐Hun
Published: September 2016

Empirical evidence suggests that single factor models would not capture the full dynamics of stochastic volatility such that a marked discrepancy between their predicted prices and market prices exists for certain ranges (deep in‐the‐money and out‐of‐the‐money) of time‐to‐maturities of options. On the other hand, there is an empirical reason to believe that volatility skew fluctuates randomly. Based upon the idea of combining stochastic volatility and stochastic skew, this paper incorporates stochastic elasticity of variance running on a fast timescale into the Heston stochastic volatility model. This multiscale and multifactor hybrid model keeps analytic tractability of the Heston model as much as possible, while it enhances capturing the complex nature of volatility and skew dynamics. Asymptotic analysis based on ergodic theory yields a closed form analytic formula for the approximate price of European vanilla options. Subsequently, the effect of adding the stochastic elasticity factor on top of the Heston model is demonstrated in terms of implied volatility surface. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Anatomy Lesson of Nicolaes Tulp, painted by Rembrandt in 1632
Authors: IJpma F F A , van Gulik T M
Published: September 2016

In 1632 Rembrandt painted his masterpiece known as The Anatomy Lesson of Nicolaes Tulp. This world-famous group portrait of the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons depicts an anatomy lesson on the corpse of an executed criminal. Nicolaes Tulp, praelector anatomiae (lecturer in anatomy), performed an anatomical dissection of the forearm to teach anatomy to the surgeons who are standing next to him. By studying the original Guild documents and literature dealing with the painting, the lives and work of the represented surgeons, their teacher Nicolaes Tulp, and the criminal record of the man who ended as a corpse are elucidated. The anatomical accuracy of the displayed forearm in the painting is investigated by reproducing the dissection on a corpse.

The Anatomy Lesson of Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt (1632) belongs to a famous series of anatomy lessons commissioned by the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons in the 17th and 18th centuries. The painting shows Nicolaes Tulp, born as Claes Pieterszn but known by his adapted name Tulp (the tulip was chosen as a family emblem), dissecting the forearm of an executed criminal (Adriaan Adriaenszn). The corpse is surrounded by seven surgeons intensely observing Tulp's demonstration. The masterpiece is exhibited in the Royal Cabinet of Paintings in Museum Mauritshuis in The Hague, The Netherlands.

Read more about the colourful characters and fascinating events surrounding this painting in an essay online.
Discrimination of Rice Products by Geographical Origins and Cultivars by Two‐Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Chae Young Kee , Kim Seol Hyun
Published: September 2016

Rice is one of the most important crops that feed almost half of the world's population. With the increasing concern of consumers on the integrity of the product, efforts have been made to develop analytic techniques to discriminate rice products according to their origins or cultivars, but those efforts were mostly based on elemental analysis. We postulated that such discrimination would be possible with the global metabolite profiles. Nineteen metabolites of three different rice cultivars from four different geographical origins were identified from the extracts and compared with one another by the two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR data were analyzed with the help of the metabolome database and the statistics software. The different rice samples were successfully separated in the principal component space, showing that the global metabolite profiles can be used to discriminate geographic origins. Our results show that the metabolite analysis via
1H–13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectra combined with the statistical method can be applied to discriminate the geographic origins or cultivars of rice samples, thus can provide a means to inspect and pick up fraudulent labeling or adulteration.
Altered local spontaneous activity in frontal lobe epilepsy: a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Dong Li , Li Hechun , He Zhongqiong , Jiang Sisi , Klugah‐Brown Benjamin , Chen Lin , Wang Pu , Tan Song , Luo Cheng , Yao Dezhong
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the local spatiotemporal consistency of spontaneous brain activity in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE).

Method

Eyes closed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected from 19 FLE patients and 19 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. A novel measure, named FOur‐dimensional (spatiotemporal) Consistency of local neural Activities (FOCA) was used to assess the spatiotemporal consistency of local spontaneous activity (emphasizing both local temporal homogeneity and regional stability of brain activity states). Then, two‐sample t test was performed to detect the FOCA differences between two groups. Partial correlations between the FOCA values and durations of epilepsy were further analyzed.

Key Findings

Compared with controls, FLE patients demonstrated increased FOCA in distant brain regions including the frontal and parietal cortices, as well as the basal ganglia. The decreased FOCA was located in the temporal cortex, posterior default model regions, and cerebellum. In addition, the FOCA measure was linked to the duration of epilepsy in basal ganglia.

Significance

Our study suggested that alterations of local spontaneous activity in frontoparietal cortex and basal ganglia was associated with the pathophysiology of FLE; and the abnormality in frontal and default model regions might account for the potential cognitive impairment in FLE. We also presumed that the FOCA measure had potential to provide important insights into understanding epilepsy such as FLE.
Direct and Co‐catalytic Oxidation of Hydroxylamines to Nitrones Promoted by Rhodium Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Prakash Praveen , Gravel Edmond , Nguyen Dinh‐Vu , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. , Doris Eric
Published: September 2016

Rhodium nanoparticles were assembled on carbon nanotubes, and the resulting nanohybrid was studied in the aerobic oxidation of hydroxylamines to nitrones. Two catalytic systems were developed (i.e., direct or co‐catalytic) and both operated to provide high yields of the products, under mild conditions, but with their own specificity as regards the kinetics and regioselectivity of the transformation. In addition, the in situ cycloaddition of the produced nitrones with different alkynes was investigated.
Copper‐Catalyzed Amidation of Primary and Secondary Alkyl Boronic Esters
Authors: Mori‐Quiroz Luis M. , Shimkin Kirk W. , Rezazadeh Sina , Kozlowski Ryan A. , Watson Donald A.
Published: September 2016

The oxidative copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of functionalized alkyl boronic esters with primary amides is reported. Through the identification of appropriate diketimine ligands, conditions for efficient coupling of both primary and secondary alkyl boronic esters with diverse primary amides, including acetamide, have been developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation State 10 Exists.
Authors: Yu Haoyu S. , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: September 2016

DFT electronic structure calculations indicate the existence of oxidation state 10 in the Td structure of PtO42+.
ChemInform Abstract: Truly Transparent p‐Type γ‐CuI Thin Films with High Hole Mobility.
Authors: Yamada Naoomi , Ino Ryuichiro , Ninomiya Yoshihiko
Published: September 2016

γ‐CuI thin films are prepared by iodination (closed system, I2, 25 °C, 60 min) of Cu3N thin films (20—30 nm) prepared by r.f.
ChemInform Abstract: The High‐Pressure Polymorph of Ca4Te5O14 and the Mixed‐Valent Compound Ca13TeVI2/3TeIV3.75 O15(BO3)4(OH)3.
Authors: Weil Matthias , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert
Published: September 2016

Hot press annealing of a stoichiometric mixture of Ca(OH)2 and TeO2 yields a high‐pressure modification of Ca4Te5O14 (I) (h‐BN crucible in multianvil press, 8 GPa, 900 °C, 10 min) and minor amounts of Ca13TeVI2/3TeIV3.75 O15(BO3)4(OH)3 (II) resulting from the reaction with the h‐BN crucible used in the high‐pressure set‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structure Elucidation, and Characterization of the Borate‐Nitrates RE[B5O8(OH)(H2O)] NO3·2H2O [RE: Nd (x = 0.85), Sm (x = 0)].
Authors: Ortner Teresa S. , Wurst Klaus , Joachim Bastian , Huppertz Hubert
Published: September 2016

Nd[B5O8(OH)(H2O)0.85] NO3·2H2O (I) and Sm[B5O8(OH)]NO3·2H2O (II) are prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Nd(NO3)3·6H2O or Sm(NO3)3·6H2O, and H3BO3 as reactant and flux in a 1:5 molar mixture without the need for additional H2O (autoclave, 513 K, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Ca2Mg5GeN6 — A Layered Nitridomagnesogermanate.
Authors: Poesl Christine , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: September 2016

The title compound is synthesized from mixtures of Ca, Mg, Ge, NaN3, and EuF3 in a Na flux (Ta ampule, 780 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: First Evidence of a Water‐Soluble Plutonium(IV) Hexanuclear Cluster.
Authors: Tamain Christelle , Dumas Thomas , Guillaumont Dominique , Hennig Christoph , Guilbaud Philippe
Published: September 2016

Single crystals of the PuIV hexanuclear cluster [Pu6(OH)4O4]12+ stabilized by 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) ligands are grown from an aqueous protonated DOTA solution to which a HNO3 solution of PuO2 is given (pH 0.5, overnight).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Polytellurite‐Chlorides with A2+ Cations (A: Cd, Pb) Obtained by CVT Reactions.
Authors: Zinyakhina Diana O. , Siidra Oleg I. , Charkin Dmitri O. , Nazarchuk Evgeniy V. , Bubnova Rimma S.
Published: September 2016

Single crystals of Pb5Cu2(Te4O11)Cl8 (I) and CdCu2(Te3O8)Cl2 (II) are obtained by chemical vapor transport reactions of either a 3:1:1 mixture of CuCl2, TeO2, and PbO or a 1:2:1 mixture of CuCl2, TeO2, and CdO (evacuated quartz tube, 450→430 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhedral Bismuth Polycations Coordinating Gold(I) with Varied Hapticity in a Homoleptic Heavy‐Metal Cluster.
Authors: Mueller Ulrike , Isaeva Anna , Richter Janine , Knies Maximilian , Ruck Michael
Published: September 2016

Single crystals of [Au(Bi8)2](AlCl4)5 are obtained from the reaction of AuCl, BiCl3, and Bi in the ionic liquid [bmim]Cl·4AlCl3 (evacuated silica tubes, 180 °C, 16 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Induction at Remote Quaternary Centers of Cyclohexadienones by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Hydrosilylation.
Authors: Naganawa Yuki , Kawagishi Mayu , Ito Jun‐ichi , Nishiyama Hisao
Published: September 2016

An enantioselective conjugate hydrosilylation of prochiral γ,γ‐disubstituted cyclohexadienones furnishes cyclohexenones with a chiral quaternary γ‐carbon atom.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of α‐Fluoro β‐Hydroxy Carboxylic Esters.
Authors: Howard James K. , Mueller Marion , Berry Alan , Nelson Adam
Published: September 2016

The trans‐o‐hydroxybenzylidene pyruvate hydratase/aldolase (HBPA) from Pseudomonas putida catalyses the reactions between fluoropyruvate and many (hetero)aromatic aldehydes to yield aldol adducts without subsequent dehydration.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cyclizations of Cyclopropenes with Indole.
Authors: Zhu Peng‐Long , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min
Published: September 2016

The TFA‐mediated intramolecular cycloisomerization of substrates (I) gives rise to azocino[5,4‐b]indoles (II), whilst the reaction of aryl‐substituted cyclopropenes (III) does not stop at the stage of azocino[5,4‐b]indoles, but affords tetracyclic products (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A General and Selective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Reduction of Amides, N‐Acyl Amino Esters, and Dipeptides Using Phenylsilane.
Authors: Das Shoubhik , Li Yuehui , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: September 2016

The title reaction proceeds successfully with the simple catalyst Rh(cod)(acac) which reveals an excellent chemoselectivity in the presence of various sensitive functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Denitrative Sulfonylation of β‐Nitrostyrenes: A Convenient Approach to (E)‐Vinyl Sulfones.
Authors: Keshari Twinkle , Kapoorr Ritu , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: September 2016

The utilization of β‐nitrostyrenes (readily available by the Henry reaction) for a highly stereoselective, convenient, and catalytic synthesis of (E)‐vinyl sulfones at room temperature is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Defined Palladium—Phthalimidato Catalysts for Improved Oxidative Amination.
Authors: Martinez Claudio , Muniz Kilian
Published: September 2016

New palladium(II)—phthalimidato complexes are synthesized, isolated, and structurally characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐, Regio‐, and Stereoselective Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Boron Addition to Acetylenic Esters and Amides in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Nelson Amanda K. , Peck Cheryl L. , Rafferty Sean M. , Santos Webster L.
Published: September 2016

The use of unsymmetrical diboron reagent pinBBdan (II) allows a mild and efficient copper(II)‐catalyzed β‐borylation of alkynoates to give the functionalized acrylates (III) in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Nucleophilic Alkynylation of Allyl Fluorides Affording Chiral Skipped Ene‐Ynes.
Authors: Okusu Satoshi , Okazaki Hiroki , Tokunaga Etsuko , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Shibata Norio
Published: September 2016

On the basis of silyl/fluoride activation an organocatalytic enantioselective nucleophilic alkynylation of Baylis—Hillman type fluorides with silylalkynes is developed to give skipped ene‐ynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkynes.
Authors: Li Zhaodong , Garcia‐Dominguez Andres , Nevado Cristina
Published: September 2016

A radical‐mediated, three‐component coupling reaction of terminal alkynes, areneboronic acids, and alkyl halides leads to trisubstituted alkenes with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Natural Feedstock Extract: The Henry Reaction.
Authors: Surneni Naresh , Barua Nabin C. , Saikia Bishwajit
Published: September 2016

Henry reactions are successfully carried out using a water extract from banana as reaction medium and catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Carbocyclization of (1,n)‐Diynes and Bromophenols: An Efficient Route to Tricyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Bai Lu , Yuan Yini , Liu Jingjing , Wu Jiaoyu , Han Lingbo , Wang Hui , Wang Yaoyu , Luan Xinjun
Published: September 2016

A dearomative cyclization of bromophenols with diynes affords novel tricyclic spiro compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereospecific Allylation of Nitroacetates with Enantioenriched Primary Allylic Amines.
Authors: Xu Jing‐Kun , Wang Yong , Gu Yonghong , Tian Shi‐Kai
Published: September 2016

Nitroacetates undergo allylation with enantiopure allylic amines followed by one‐pot decarboxylation to afford homoallylic nitro compounds with excellent retention of configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Re‐Entry of Tin in N‐Alkylation: First Example of a Homogeneous Heterobimetallic Pd—Sn Catalyst for Base and Additive Free Alkylation of Amine and Surrogates with Alcohol.
Authors: Mohanty Anuradha , Roy Sujit
Published: September 2016

The title reaction provides N‐alkylated amines and amides in good yields and is applied to the synthesis of benzazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Overcoming Naphthoquinone Deactivation: Rhodium‐Catalyzed C‐5 Selective C—H Iodination as a Gateway to Functionalized Derivatives.
Authors: Jardim Guilherme A. M. , da Silva Eufranio N. Jr. , Bower John F.
Published: September 2016

The method represents the first catalytic, directed method for ortho‐functionalizations of simple naphthoquinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Intermolecular Cross Rauhut—Currier Reactions of Activated Alkenes with Acrolein
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chen Peng , Tao Mengna , Su Xiao , Zhao Qingjie , Zhang Junliang
Published: September 2016

24 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Auto‐Oxidative Hydroxysulfenylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Huo Congde , Wang Yajun , Yuan Yong , Chen Fengjuan , Tang Jing
Published: September 2016

The reaction of alkenes (I) and (IV) with aryl thiols (II) under air atmosphere followed by reaction of intermediate hydroperoxides with PPh3 leads to β‐hydroxysulfides (III) and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chiral Disulfoxide Ligand for the Efficient Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Addition of Arylboroxines to N‐Tosylarylimines.
Authors: Zhao Guang‐Zhen , Sipos Gellert , Salvador Alvaro , Ou Arnold , Gao Pengchao , Skelton Brian W. , Dorta Reto
Published: September 2016

affording enantiomerically pure diarylmethylamines
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Application of Chiral Spiro Cp Ligands in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidative Coupling of Biaryl Compounds with Alkenes.
Authors: Zheng Jun , Cui Wen‐Jun , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li
Published: September 2016

The coupling between 1‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)benzo[h]isoquinoline and various styrene derivatives as well as unsaturated esters, amides and phosphonates proceeds under mild conditions and delivers the products in high yields and with often very high enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II) Pincer Type Complex Catalyzed Tandem C—H and N—H Activation of Acetanilide in Aqueous Media: A Concise Access to Functionalized Carbazoles in a Single Step.
Authors: Arumugam Vignesh , Kaminsky Werner , Nallasamy Dharmaraj
Published: September 2016

Functionalized carbazoles [34 examples] are prepared using a Pd(II) pincer‐type complex as catalyst in a very low amount (0.01 mol%).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Diynes with Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts: A Stereoselective Entry to Densely Functionalized Cyclohexadiene Scaffolds.
Authors: Fernandez Marti , Parera Magda , Parella Teodor , Lledo Agusti , Le Bras Jean , Muzart Jacques , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Roglans Anna
Published: September 2016

The title reaction proceeds with complete diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity through a kinetic resolution of the M‐B‐H adducts.