bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Prediction Model to Stratify Retinopathy of Prematurity Risk Using Postnatal Weight Gain
Authors: Binenbaum Gil , Ying Gui-shuang , Quinn Graham E. , Dreiseitl Stephan , Karp Karen , Roberts Robin S. , Kirpalani Haresh ,   the Premature Infants in Need of Transfusion Study Group
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE:

To develop an efficient clinical prediction model that includes postnatal weight gain to identify infants at risk of developing severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Under current birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) screening criteria, <5% of infants examined in countries with advanced neonatal care require treatment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This study was a secondary analysis of prospective data from the Premature Infants in Need of Transfusion Study, which enrolled 451 infants with a BW < 1000 g at 10 centers. There were 367 infants who remained after excluding deaths (82) and missing weights (2). Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict severe ROP (stage 3 or treatment).

RESULTS:

Median BW was 800 g (445–995). There were 67 (18.3%) infants who had severe ROP. The model included GA, BW, and daily weight gain rate. Run weekly, an alarm that indicated need for eye examinations occurred when the predicted probability of severe ROP was >0.085. This identified 66 of 67 severe ROP infants (sensitivity of 99% [95% confidence interval: 94%–100%]), and all 33 infants requiring treatment. Median alarm-to-outcome time was 10.8 weeks (range: 1.9–17.6). There were 110 (30%) infants who had no alarm. Nomograms were developed to determine risk of severe ROP by BW, GA, and postnatal weight gain.

CONCLUSION:

In a high-risk cohort, a BW-GA-weight-gain model could have reduced the need for examinations by 30%, while still identifying all infants requiring laser surgery. Additional studies are required to determine whether including larger-BW, lower-risk infants would reduce examinations further and to validate the prediction model and nomograms before clinical use.
Interdisciplinary Patient Care in the Intensive Care Unit: Focus on the Pharmacist
Authors: Erstad Brian L. , Haas Curtis E. , O'Keeffe Terence , Hokula Cheryl A. , Parrinello Kathleen , Theodorou Andreas A.
Published: February 2011

The field of critical care medicine began to flourish only within the last 40 years, yet it provides some of the best examples of collaborative pharmacy practice models and evidence for the value of pharmacist involvement in interdisciplinary practice. This collaborative approach is fostered by critical care organizations that have elected pharmacists into leadership positions and recognized pharmacists through various honors. There is substantial literature to support the value of the critical care pharmacist as a member of an interdisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU) team, particularly in terms of patient safety. Furthermore, a number of economic investigations have demonstrated cost savings or cost avoidance with pharmacist involvement. As the published evidence supporting pharmacist involvement in patient care activities in the ICU setting has increased, surveys have demonstrated an increase in the percentage of pharmacists performing clinical activities. In addition, substantial support of pharmacists has been provided by other clinicians, safety officers, and administrative personnel who have been involved with the initiation and expansion of critical care pharmacy services in their own institutions. Although there is still room for improvement in the range of pharmacist involvement, particularly with respect to interdisciplinary activities related to education and scholarship, pharmacists have become essential members of interdisciplinary care teams in ICU settings.
Outpatient Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bronchial Colonization with Long‐term Inhaled Colistin, Tobramycin, or Both in Adults without Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Berlana David , Llop Josep Manel , Manresa Frederic , Jódar Ramón
Published: February 2011

Study Objective. To compare clinical and microbiologic outcomes in adults without cystic fibrosis who had Pseudomonas aeruginosa bronchial colonization and were receiving inhaled colistin or colistin plus tobramycin with those who were receiving inhaled tobramycin as outpatient treatment.

Design. Prospective, observational cohort study.

Setting. Referral pneumology service at a tertiary university care hospital.

Patients. Eighty‐one Caucasian adults without cystic fibrosis who received 97 courses of inhaled colistin alone, colistin plus tobramycin, or inhaled tobramycin alone as outpatient treatment of P. aeruginosa bronchial colonization between January 2004 and December 2008.

Measurements and Main Results. The frequency and duration of hospitalizations for respiratory exacerbations were the primary outcomes compared among treatment groups. Secondary outcomes were emergence of bacterial resistance, antibiotic use during admission, emergence of other opportunistic microorganisms, achievement of sustained P. aeruginosa eradication in the airways, and mortality, as well as safety and changes in respiratory function. No significant differences between colistin and tobramycin were found in the mean number of hospital admissions, duration of hospitalizations, duration of antibiotic treatment, adverse events, mortality, or emergence of other opportunistic microorganisms. Emergence of resistance to colistin was lower than resistance to tobramycin (hazard ratio 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.32). Patients treated with both inhaled antibiotics had fewer days of hospitalization and fewer days of antibiotic use than those treated with tobramycin alone (relative risk [RR] 0.33, 95% CI 0.10–1.12, and RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08–0.93, respectively).

Conclusion. Results with colistin were similar to those with tobramycin for inhaled treatment of P. aeruginosa colonization in this population; however, combined use of colistin and tobramycin appeared to be associated with fewer days of hospitalization and shorter duration of antibiotic treatment. Prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials of outpatient nebulized antibiotics, especially colistin plus tobramycin, should be performed to ascertain the efficacy of this therapy for treatment of P. aeruginosa colonization in patients without cystic fibrosis.
Extemporaneous Compounding of Oral Liquid Dosage Formulations and Alternative Drug Delivery Methods for Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Lam Masha S. H.
Published: February 2011

Oncology pharmacists face a constant challenge with patients who cannot swallow oral anticancer drugs, making extemporaneous oral liquid preparation a requirement. Improper extemporaneous preparation of these agents, especially with the traditional chemotherapy with a narrow therapeutic index, may increase the risk of over‐ or underdosing. In community pharmacies, multiple barriers exist that prevent these pharmacies from preparing extemporaneous oral anticancer drug formulations for a patient's use at home. In a home setting, patients or caregivers without proper counseling and education on how to safely handle chemotherapy are at increased risk for exposure to these drugs. Based on a review of the literature, compounding recipes are available for 46% of oral anticancer agents. A paucity of data exists on dose uniformity, bioequivalence, and stability of extemporaneous oral liquid formulations of anticancer drugs. Pharmacists must have an understanding of the basic scientific principles that are an essential foundation for the proper preparation of extemporaneous oral anticancer liquid formulations. The collaborative effort of a multidisciplinary team can also help identify different barriers in the community setting, especially in areas where community pharmacies may lack resources for the extemporaneous compounding of oral chemotherapy, and to find ways to coordinate better pharmaceutical care. There are great opportunities for oncology pharmacists, as well as community pharmacists, as a resource for educating and monitoring patients receiving oral chemotherapy to ensure dosing accuracy, safe administration, and proper disposal of hazardous drugs. Development of national guidelines to promote standards of practice in the community and/or home setting is urgently needed to help improve the safety of dispensing and handling oral chemotherapeutic agents, including extemporaneously compounded oral liquid formulations of these drugs.
The Potential for Pyroxasulfone to Selectively Control Resistant and Susceptible Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Biotypes in Australian Grain Crop Production Systems
Authors: Walsh Michael J. , Fowler Tarnya M. , Crowe Bronwyn , Ambe Toshihiro , Powles Stephen B.
Published: February 2011

The widespread evolution of resistance in rigid ryegrass populations to the highly effective, in-crop, selective herbicides used within southern Australian grain-crop production systems has severely diminished the available herbicide resource. A new PRE grass-selective herbicide, pyroxasulfone, may offer Australian grain producers a new option for rigid ryegrass control in wheat crops. The efficacy and level of selectivity of rigid ryegrass control with pyroxasulfone was investigated for a range of annual crop species in potted-plant, dose–response studies. In comparison with other currently available PRE herbicides, pyroxasulfone provided effective control of both resistant and susceptible rigid ryegrass populations. Additionally, control of these populations was achieved at rates that had little or no effect on the growth and survival of wheat. This crop was also the most tolerant of cereal species, with triticale, barley, and oat being more injured at higher pyroxasulfone rates than wheat was. In general though, pulse-crop species were found to be more tolerant of high pyroxasulfone rates than cereal-crop species. There were subtle effects of soil type on the efficacy of pyroxasulfone, where higher rates were required to achieve effective control on soils with higher clay or organic matter contents. The ability of pyroxasulfone to selectively control resistant and susceptible rigid ryegrass populations as identified in these studies clearly indicate the potential for widespread use and success of this herbicide in Australian cropping systems.
Evaluation of New Aryloxyphenoxypropionate Herbicides for Control of Bermudagrass in Zoysiagrass
Authors: Doroh Mark C. , McElroy J. Scott , van Santen Ezard
Published: February 2011

Field experiments were conducted in Auburn, AL in 2008 and 2009 to assess new aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicides applied alone and tank-mixed with triclopyr for Tifway bermudagrass control in Zorro zoysiagrass. Treatments included three sequential applications of clodinafop (0.07 kg ai ha−1); triclopyr (1.12 kg ae ha−1); clodinafop + triclopyr (0.07 + 1.12 kg ha−1); fenoxaprop (0.10 kg ai ha−1); fenoxaprop + triclopyr (0.10 + 1.12 kg ha−1); metamifop (0.40 kg ai ha−1); and metamifop + triclopyr (0.40 + 1.12 kg ha−1). Clodinafop, fenoxaprop, and metamifop applied alone controlled Tifway bermudagrass 32 to 65% when rated 3 wk after the final application; however, the addition of triclopyr to these AOPP herbicides increased bermudagrass control to ≥ 89%. All AOPP herbicides applied alone caused unacceptable injury to Zorro zoysiagrass (20 to 42%) 3 wk after the final application. Clodinafop resulted in the greatest zoysiagrass injury (42%), whereas metamifop caused moderate injury (20%). Zorro zoysiagrass exhibited less injury (< 3%) and greater turf coverage (≥ 95%) when AOPP herbicides were tank-mixed with triclopyr. Of the three AOPP herbicides evaluated in this study, only fenoxaprop is currently labeled for use on turfgrass. However, the nonlabeled herbicides (clodinafop and metamifop) provided bermudagrass control and zoysiagrass safety equal to the commercial standard (fenoxaprop) 3 wk after the final application when tank-mixed with triclopyr. Where zoysiagrass is contaminated with bermudagrass, turf managers will likely have to make applications of AOPP herbicides tank-mixed with triclopyr over multiple years to control bermudagrass as it will continue to regrow from deep rhizomes.
Climate variability and water-sharing plans: Transferability of Australian approaches to Vietnam
Authors: Hayball N. P.
Published: February 2011

Water reforms in Australia have been comparatively progressive, including the agreement to the National Water Initiative (2004) and the implementation of over 130 water-sharing plans. Most of these plans include processes for dealing with climate variability, but only a few incorporate processes for addressing potential climate change impacts. Approaches include the use of scenario planning to better understand water availability and use; rules for prioritising water use; and setting aside reserve allocations. Vietnam, on the other hand, has had the legislative mandate since 1999 to develop water-sharing plans but has yet to do so. Recent reforms have led to the preparation of the National Target Program for a Sustainable Water Sector (NTPSWS): the national strategic plan for water resource management. The approval of the NTPSWS by the Vietnamese Government may provide the right incentive to gather resources to commence planning. The approaches used in Australia for addressing climate variability and potential climate change impacts would be transferable in the Vietnam context. Success, however, is probably dependent on strengthening institutional arrangements of the Vietnam water sector that includes increasing awareness of the benefits of water-sharing planning for sustainable water resource management at both the agency and community levels.
The importance of preferential flow in controlling groundwater recharge in tropical Africa and implications for modelling the impact of climate change on groundwater resources
Authors: Cuthbert M. O. , Tindimugaya C.
Published: February 2011

An improved water table fluctuation technique for estimating recharge is applied to a sustained (10-year) groundwater level monitoring record in Uganda, a rare dataset for tropical Africa, and compared against results from soil moisture balance models (SMBMs) and unsaturated flow models. The results show that recharge is directly proportional to rainfall (long-term average rainfall is around 1200 mm/a), even during times when high soil moisture deficits are anticipated. This indicates that preferential and/or localized flow mechanisms dominate the recharge behaviour. SMBMs and unsaturated flow models, based on uniform flow governed by the Richards equation, are shown to be inappropriate for estimating recharge in this location underlain by lateritic soils. Given the large spatial coverage of lateritic soils both globally and in tropical Africa, and despite the convenience of physically based uniform flow models and, in particular, SMBMs, concern is raised over the use of such models for recharge estimation, and thus for exploring future trends due to climate or land use change, unless backed up by sufficient hydraulic data to enable the recharge processes to be confirmed. More research is needed to assess how widespread preferential flow may be within other major soil groups and climate zones.
Why Official Bailouts Tend Not To Work: An Example Motivated by Greece 2010
Authors: Chamley Christophe P , Pinto Brian
Published: February 2011

Christophe Chamley of Boston University and Brian Pinto of the World Bank use recent events in Greece to illustrate that official bailouts tend not to work when countries have fundamental fiscal (insolvency) problems and construct a two-period numerical example to explain why this should not come as a surprise.
Tax Policy to Reduce Carbon Emissions in a Distorted Economy: Illustrations from a South Africa CGE Model
Authors: Devarajan Shantayanan , Go Delfin S , Robinson Sherman , Thierfelder Karen
Published: February 2011

Noting that developing countries may not have the administrative capacity to levy a “pure” carbon tax, we compare the impact of alternative energy taxes with that of a carbon tax in an economy with multiple distortions. We use a disaggregated computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the South African economy and simulate a range of tax policies that reduce CO2 emissions by 15 percent. Consistent with a “first-best” economy, a carbon tax will have the lowest marginal cost of abatement. But the relationship between a tax on energy commodities and one on pollution-intensive commodities depends critically on other distortions in the system and on structural rigidities in the economy. We demonstrate that if South Africa were able to remove distortions in the labor market, the cost of carbon taxation would be negligible. We conclude that the welfare costs of taxing carbon emissions in developing countries depend more on other distortions than on the country’s own carbon emissions.
Predictors of outcome in dogs with subcutaneous or intramuscular hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Shiu Kai-Biu , Flory Andrea B. , Anderson Christie L. , Wypij Jackie , Saba Corey , Wilson Heather , Kurzman Ilene , Chun Ruthanne
Published: February 2011

Objective—To identify prognostic factors in a large group of dogs with subcutaneous or intramuscular hemangiosarcoma (HSA) or both.

Design—Multi-institutional retrospective cohort study.

Animals—71 dogs with subcutaneous or intramuscular HSA.

Procedures—Medical records of affected dogs were reviewed. The following factors were evaluated for an association with outcome: dog age and sex, clinical signs, anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, tumor stage at diagnosis, achievement of complete excision, intramuscular involvement, presence of gross disease, tumor recurrence, and treatment.

Results—Of the 71 cases identified, 16 (29%) had intramuscular tumor involvement. For all dogs, median time to tumor progression and overall survival time (OST) were 116 and 172 days, respectively; 25% survived to 1 year. Univariate analysis identified presence of clinical signs or metastasis at diagnosis, dog age, tumor size, use of any surgery, and presence of gross disease as predictors of time to tumor progression and OST. There was no significant difference in survival time between dogs with respect to type of HSA. Multivariate analysis confirmed that adequate local tumor control, tumor diameter ≤ 4 cm, presence of metastasis at diagnosis, and presence of gross disease were significantly associated with OST.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Subcutaneous and intramuscular HSA remains a heterogeneous group of tumors that generally carries a poor prognosis. Adequate local control of smaller tumors with no associated clinical signs or metastasis may provide the best chance of long-term survival.
Clinicopathologic characterization of odontogenic tumors and focal fibrous hyperplasia in dogs: 152 cases (1995–2005)
Authors: Fiani Nadine , Verstraete Frank J. M. , Kass Philip H. , Cox Darren P.
Published: February 2011

Objective—To characterize clinicopathologic features of the most common odontogenic tumors and focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH) in dogs.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—152 dogs evaluated for oral tumors of possible odontogenic origin at the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of California-Davis between 1995 and 2005.

Procedures—Information was collected from records, including dog breed, age, reproductive status, and location of lesion in the oral cavity. Histologic slides pertaining to each dog were reviewed by 3 investigators. Data regarding clinicopathologic features of the 3 most common lesions (canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma [CAA], peripheral odontogenic fibroma [POF], and FFH) were summarized.

Results—152 dogs with odontogenic tumors or FFH were identified. Sixty-eight (45%) dogs had CAA, 47 (31 %) had POF, 24 (16%) had FFH, and 13 (9%) had other odontogenic tumors. Canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma was present most commonly in the rostral aspect of the mandible, with POF and FFH more common in the rostral aspect of the maxilla. Males and females were equally represented among dogs with CAA and FFH. Castrated males were overrepresented among dogs with POF. Golden Retrievers, Akitas, Cocker Spaniels, and Shetland Sheepdogs were overrepresented among dogs with CAA. No breed predisposition was detected for FFH or POF. Dogs with FFH had a greater mean age at initial evaluation than did dogs with CAA or POF.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CAA, POF, and FFH have distinct clinical patterns that may help clinicians and pathologists identify such lesions more readily.
Adverse effects associated with inadvertent intravenous penicillin G procaine-penicillin G benzathine administration in two dogs and a cat
Authors: Kaplan Megan I. , Lee Justine A. , Hovda Lynn R. , Brutlag Ahna
Published: February 2011

Case Description—2 dogs and a cat were inadvertently given penicillin G procaine–penicillin G benzathine IV instead of propofol during induction of anesthesia for routine dental prophylaxis. One dog and the cat required hospitalization because of severe neurologic impairment and cardiopulmonary arrest (cat); the remaining dog did not develop any clinical signs.

Clinical Findings—In the 2 animals that developed signs consistent with an immediate adverse reaction, clinical signs included muscle tremors, seizures, blindness, vocalization, agitation, and transient loss of vision. Hypothermia, pruritus, hypotension, and cardiac arrest were also documented.

Treatment and Outcome—The 2 affected patients responded to treatment with anticonvulsant medications, centrally acting muscle relaxants, sedation, and intensive supportive care including IV fluid administration and oxygen supplementation as needed. Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation was performed successfully in the cat. The dog that did not develop any clinical signs was not treated. The 2 affected patients recovered fully and were discharged from the hospital after 3 to 4 days with no apparent sequelae.

Clinical Relevance—Penicillin G procaine–penicillin G benzathine and propofol are common drugs in veterinary practice and may both be administered to patients undergoing elective procedures. Because of their similar milky white appearance, veterinarians should label syringes and take care to avoid this medication error. There is no specific antidote for penicillin orprocaine toxicosis. Aggressive and immediate treatment is required in patients that develop an adverse reaction to ensure a successful outcome.
Teacher-student Relationships: The Meaning of Teachers' Experience Working with Underachieving Students
Authors: Oreshkina Maria , Greenberg Katherine
Published: February 2011

Teacher-student Relationships: The Meaning of Teachers' Experience Working with Underachieving Students

This paper is based on phenomenological interviews with teachers who worked with underachieving students in South Africa, Russia, and the United States. It focuses on the analysis of meanings that teachers constructed while describing their relationship with underachieving students and how metaphors worked to construct such meanings. The researchers also used Buber's "I-Thou" concept as an interpretive lens to further understand the meanings of teacher-student relationships. The study concludes that the teacher-student relationship is one of the fundamental themes of the teaching experience and is common for teachers from different countries.
Fostering Culturally Relevant/Responsive Pedagogy and Global Awareness through the Integration of International Service-learning in Courses
Authors: Mbugua Tata
Published: February 2011

Fostering Culturally Relevant/Responsive Pedagogy and Global Awareness through the Integration of International Service-learning in Courses

Educators are being asked to respond to the forces of globalization and human interconnectedness that characterize the 21stcentury. These forces are resulting in changing population demographics and increased migration which is bringing a new complexity to cultural and ethnic diversity within regions, local communities and ultimately in elementary school classrooms. As a response, institutions of higher learning are seeking ways of preparing pre-service teachers who are culturally sensitive and globally aware and who will in turn prepare young children to be world citizens. One way of achieving this goal is to integrate an experiential service-learning component in courses as a way of expanding pre-service teachers perspectives to the world while enhancing their cultural competence, understanding of others different from themselves, commitment to social justice issues, and mastery of course content. This manuscript describes the development of a graduate course at a university in northeast USA, and the subsequent implementation of the course in Kenya with an integrated international service-learning component. Ideas of scholars on multicultural education, global education, culturally relevant pedagogy and service-learning will be used as a way of framing the discussion topic. The positive rewards and some challenges of this course will be discussed along with some concluding remarks.
Sexual Consent and Human Rights
Authors: Graupner Helmut
Published: February 2011

The basic human right to sexual autonomy and self‐determination encompasses two sides: it enshrines both the right to engage in wanted sexuality on the one hand, and the right to be free and protected from unwanted sexuality, from sexual abuse and sexual violence on the other. This concept elaborated by the European Court of Human Rights, in the light of European legal consensus, suggests that the age of consent for sexual relations (outside of relationships of authority and outside of pornography and prostitution) should be set between 12 and 16 years. In any event the age of criminal responsibility should be the same as the age of sexual consent.
A Simple Model of Tetracycline Antibiotic Resistance in the Aquatic Environment (with Application to the Poudre River)
Authors: Hellweger Ferdi  L. , Ruan Xiaodan , Sanchez Sarah
Published: February 2011

Antibiotic resistance is a major concern, yet it is unclear what causes the relatively high densities of resistant bacteria in the anthropogenically impacted environment. There are various possible scenarios (hypotheses): (A) Input of resistant bacteria from wastewater and agricultural sources is significant, but they do not grow in the environment; (B) Input of resistant bacteria is negligible, but the resistant bacteria (exogenous or endogenous) grow due to the selection pressure of the antibiotic; (C) Exogenous bacteria transfer the resistance to the endogenous bacteria and those grow. This paper presents a simple mechanistic model of tetracycline resistance in the aquatic environment. It includes state variables for tetracyclines, susceptible and resistant bacteria, and particulate and dissolved organic matter in the water column and sediment bed. The antibiotic partitions between freely dissolved, dissolved organic matter (DOM)-bound and solids-bound phases, and decays. Bacteria growth is limited by DOM, inhibited by the antibiotic (susceptible bacteria only) and lower due to the metabolic cost of carrying the resistance (resistant bacteria only). Resistant bacteria can transfer resistance to the susceptible bacteria (conjugation) and lose the resistance (segregation). The model is applied to the Poudre River and can reproduce the major observed (literature data) patterns of antibiotic concentration and resistance. The model suggests observed densities of resistant bacteria in the sediment bed cannot be explained by input (scenario A), but require growth (scenarios B or C).
Peppermint Oil Decreases the Production of Virulence-Associated Exoproteins by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Li Jing , Dong Jing , Qiu Jia-Zhang , Wang Jian-Feng , Luo Ming-Jing , Li Hong-En , Leng Bing-Feng , Ren Wen-Zhi , Deng Xu-Ming
Published: February 2011

The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of peppermint oil against Staphylococcus aureus, and further investigate the influence of peppermint oil on S. aureus virulence-related exoprotein production. The data show that peppermint oil, which contained high contents of menthone, isomenthone, neomenthol, menthol, and menthyl acetate, was active against S. aureus with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 64-256 µg/mL, and the production of S. aureus exotoxins was decreased by subinhibitory concentrations of peppermint oil in a dose-dependent manner. The findings suggest that peppermint oil may potentially be used to aid in the treatment of S. aureus infections.
The Influence of Comonomer on Ethylene/α-Olefin Copolymers Prepared Using [Bis(N-(3-tert butylsalicylidene)anilinato)] Titanium (IV) Dichloride Complex
Authors: Kaivalchatchawal Patcharaporn , Suttipitakwong Pattiya , Samingprai Sutheerawat , Praserthdam Piyasan , Jongsomjit Bunjerd
Published: February 2011

We describe the synthesis of [bis(N-(3-tert-butylsalicylidene)anilinato)] titanium (IV) dichloride (Ti-FI complex) and examine the effects of comonomer (feed concentration and type) on its catalytic performance and properties of the resulting polymers. Ethylene/1-hexene and ethylene/1-octene copolymers were prepared through copolymerization using Ti-FI catalyst, activated by MAO cocatalyst at 323 K and 50 psi ethylene pressure at various initial comonomer concentrations. The obtained copolymers were characterized by DSC, GPC and 13C-NMR. The results indicate that Ti-FI complex performs as a high potential catalyst, as evidenced by high activity and high molecular weight and uniform molecular weight distribution of its products. Nevertheless, the bulky structure of FI catalyst seems to hinder the insertion of α-olefin comonomer, contributing to the pretty low comonomer incorporation into the polymer chain. The catalytic activity was enhanced with the comonomer feed concentration, but the molecular weight and melting temperature decreased. By comparison both sets of catalytic systems, namely ethylene/1-hexene and ethylene/1-octene copolymerization, the first one afforded better activity by reason of easier insertion of short chain comonomer. Although 1-hexene copolymers also exhibited higher molecular weight than 1-octene, no significant difference in both melting temperature and crystallinity can be noticed between these comonomers.
Spaceborne Differential SAR Interferometry: Data Analysis Tools for Deformation Measurement
Authors: Crosetto Michele , Monserrat Oriol , Cuevas María , Crippa Bruno
Published: February 2011

This paper is focused on spaceborne Differential Interferometric SAR (DInSAR) for land deformation measurement and monitoring. In the last two decades several DInSAR data analysis procedures have been proposed. The objective of this paper is to describe the DInSAR data processing and analysis tools developed at the Institute of Geomatics in almost ten years of research activities. Four main DInSAR analysis procedures are described, which range from the standard DInSAR analysis based on a single interferogram to more advanced Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) approaches. These different procedures guarantee a sufficient flexibility in DInSAR data processing. In order to provide a technical insight into these analysis procedures, a whole section discusses their main data processing and analysis steps, especially those needed in PSI analyses. A specific section is devoted to the core of our PSI analysis tools: the so-called 2+1D phase unwrapping procedure, which couples a 2D phase unwrapping, performed interferogram-wise, with a kind of 1D phase unwrapping along time, performed pixel-wise. In the last part of the paper, some examples of DInSAR results are discussed, which were derived by standard DInSAR or PSI analyses. Most of these results were derived from X-band SAR data coming from the TerraSAR-X and CosmoSkyMed sensors.
First synthesis of 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-6,7-methylene dioxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives
Authors: Gao Wentao , Liu Jia , Jiang Yun , Li Yang
Published: February 2011

A facile and inexpensive synthesis of a series of novel methylenedioxy-bearing 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives 3a–h via the one-pot reaction of ethyl 2-chloromethyl-6,7-methylenedioxyquinoline-3-carboxylate (5) with various substituted salicylaldehydes 6a–g as well as 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (6h) is described. Substrate 5 was synthesized by the Friedländer condensation reaction of 2-amino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde (4) with ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate using KHSO4 as catalyst under ultrasound irradiation conditions. The targeted compounds 3a–h were obtained in good yields of 52–82% and their structures were established based on spectral data and elemental analyses.
Patient Global Assessment in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Multicenter GRAPPA and OMERACT Study
Authors: CAULI ALBERTO , GLADMAN DAFNA D. , MATHIEU ALESSANDRO , OLIVIERI IGNAZIO , PORRU GIOVANNI , TAK PAUL P. , SARDU CLAUDIA , UJFALUSSY ILONA , SCARPA RAFFAELE , MARCHESONI ANTONIO , TAYLOR WILLIAM J. , SPADARO ANTONIO , FERNÀNDEZ-SUEIRO JOSE L. , SALVARANI CARLO , KALDEN JOACHIM R. , LUBRANO ENNIO , CARNEIRO SUELI , DESIATI FRANCESCA , FLYNN JOHN A. , D’ANGELO SALVATORE , VACCA ALESSANDRA , VAN KUIJK ARNO W.R. , CATANOSO MARIA GRAZIA , GRUENKE MATHIAS , PELUSO ROSARIO , PARSONS WENDY J. , FERRARA NICOLA , CONTU PAOLO , HELLIWELL PHILIP S. , MEASE PHILIP J. , MEASE PHILIP J.
Published: February 2011

Objective.

During OMERACT 8, delegates selected patient global assessment (PGA) of disease as a domain to be evaluated in randomized controlled trials in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This study assessed the reliability of the PGA, measured by means of 0–100 mm visual analog scale (VAS), and the additional utility of separate VAS scales for joints (PJA) and skin (PSA).

Methods.

In total, 319 consecutive patients with PsA (186 men, 133 women, mean age 51 ± 13 yrs) were enrolled. PGA, PJA, and PSA were administered at enrolment (W0) and after 1 week (W1). Detailed clinical data, including ACR joint count, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, were recorded.

Results.

Comparison of W0 and W1 scores showed no significant variations (intraclass correlation coefficients for PGA 0.87, PJA 0.86, PSA 0.78), demonstrating the reliability of the instrument. PGA scores were not influenced by patient anxiety or depression, but were dependent on PJA and PSA (p = 0.00001). PJA was dependent on the number of swollen and tender joints (p < 0.00001). PSA scores were influenced by the extent of skin psoriasis and by hand skin involvement (p = 0.00001). Joint and skin disease were found not to correlate in terms of disease activity as evidenced by the swollen joint count compared to PASI (r = 0.11) and by the PJA compared to PSA (r = 0.38).

Conclusion.

PGA assessed by means of VAS is a reliable tool related to joint and skin disease activity. Because joint and skin disease often diverge it is suggested that in some circumstances both PJA and PSA are also assessed.
Pausanias et le témoignage des monnaies sévériennes en Arcadie
Authors: Jost Madeleine
Published: February 2011

Résumé Un catalogue de vente récent d’une collection de monnaies péloponnésiennes particulièrement riche permet de confronter, pour l’Arcadie, le témoignage de Pausanias avec l’ensemble des émissions d’une époque, celle de Septime Sévère. Il s’agit d’évaluer la diffusion des différentes divinités. Elles sont largement communes aux deux types de sources, mais il y a chez le Périégète des lacunes flagrantes (Athéna à Phigalie, Niké, etc.) et des différences d’appréciation dans l’importance des divinités, tantôt surévaluées (Déméter), tantôt au contraire traitées comme « mineures » (Tyché). La liste des divinités présentes sur le monnayage est plus ouverte que dans la Périégèse  : fidèles aux divinités traditionnelles, les cités font aussi figurer sur leur monnayage des abstractions personnifiées ainsi que des divinités égyptiennes. Seule l’étude concomitante du témoignage de la Périégèse et du monnayage permet de dégager un tableau d’ensemble de la fréquence des divinités dans les onze cités arcadiennes qui ont frappé monnaie à l’effigie de Septime Sévère et de sa famille.
Le portrait tardo-républicain en Gaule méridionale : essai de bilan critique
Authors: Rosso Emmanuelle
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’attribution à César d’un portrait masculin récemment découvert dans le Rhône est l’occasion d’étudier l’émergence du portrait marmoréen en Gaule méridionale : en dépit d’une intense et ancienne romanisation, ces témoins privilégiés de la culture figurative des élites ne sont pas attestés de façon assurée avant la décennie 40-30 av. J.-C., même dans le domaine funéraire. Néanmoins, pour cette période, la plupart des effigies marmoréennes connues ont été identifiées auparavant comme des portraits « officiels », ceux d’acteurs importants de l’histoire locale : Marius, Marc Antoine, Munatius Plancus… Or, outre le fait que ces identifications sont loin d’être assurées en raison de l’absence de parallèles probants dans la numismatique ou la statuaire, les caractéristiques stylistiques des portraits eux-mêmes invitent plutôt à y voir des copies julio-claudiennes de prototypes plus anciens. Les questions soulevées par l’attribution de plusieurs effigies gauloises à César sont plutôt d’ordre méthodologique : aucune d’entre elles ne s’insère dans l’un des deux types connus de l’iconographie du Dictateur. L’argument consistant à faire du portrait arlésien une pièce unique, réalisée de son vivant, n’est pas recevable : une datation stylistique aussi précise est impossible et l’identification devient indémontrable, d’autant plus qu’un phénomène de « visage d’époque » césarien est parfaitement attesté dans la Gaule méridionale tardo-républicaine. Enfin, à Arles même, les témoins relatifs à la figure de César sont plus qu’évanescents. Comme dans la plupart des provinces occidentales, une véritable diffusion du portrait officiel marmoréen n’aura lieu qu’à partir du début de l’époque augustéenne.
À propos des reliefs figurés du Pont-du-Gard et de l'aqueduc de Fréjus
Authors: Janon† Michel
Published: February 2011

Résumé Certains auteurs ont pensé que le bas-relief représentant un militaire, sur le canal de l’aqueduc de Fréjus, ainsi qu’un autre bas-relief, inséré dans le Pont-du-Gard, seraient des sortes de signatures des bâtisseurs ou exécuteurs de ces ouvrages. Certes, il existe des aqueducs construits ou réparés par des légionnaires (par exemple en Afrique du Nord), mais en réalité le relief de Fréjus représente un gradé de haut rang, tandis que celui qui a été inséré dans le Pont-du-Gard n’est rien d’autre que l’ébauche d’un gladiateur gaucher.
Le nouveau musée de l'Acropole d'Athènes
Authors: Holtzmann Bernard
Published: February 2011

Résumé Le nouveau musée de l’Acropole est le dernier avatar d’un musée de site dont la première idée remonte à 1834. Dix fois plus grand que le précédent, c’est un bâtiment minimaliste de haute technologie, dont la transparence recherchée établit un rapport visuel avec les antiquités sur lesquelles il est établi et avec l’Acropole. Il en expose les découvertes sur trois plateaux non cloisonnés. Le premier, en pente, est le plus novateur : il présente des trouvailles faites dans les sanctuaires des pentes de l’Acropole jusqu’ici exposées au Musée national ou entreposées dans des réserves (sanctuaire de la Nymphe). Le deuxième est un plateau de 1 500 m 2 consacré à la sculpture archaïque, qui trouve là un espace à sa mesure ; le troisième, qui reproduit les dimensions et l’orientation du Parthénon, présente en originaux et en moulages tout le décor sculpté du Parthénon ; il pose donc en des termes nouveaux, plus favorables à la Grèce, la question du retour des « marbres Elgin ». Somme toute, en dépit de quelques insuffisances corrigibles, ce musée original est une grande réussite, digne des œuvres exceptionnelles qu’il abrite.
Innovations technologiques environnementales dans les petites entreprises : proposition d'un modèle d'analyse
Authors: Temri Leila
Published: February 2011

Résumé Si les petites entreprises semblent actuellement moins sensibles que les grandes aux enjeux du développement durable, elles pourraient pourtant, compte tenu de leur nombre, être un vecteur important d’expansion des pratiques, en particulier dans le domaine environnemental. Des outils et démarches spécifiques de plus en plus nombreuses leur sont proposés. Par ailleurs, de nouvelles technologies, dites « technologies propres » ou « écotechnologies » sont adaptées pour les petites entreprises. L’objet de ce travail est de présenter un modèle d’analyse des innovations « éco-technologiques », dans les petites entreprises. Compte tenu des particularités du développement durable, peut-on concevoir l’incorporation d’éco-technologies dans les petites entreprises comme un processus d’innovation classique ? Cette analyse s’appuie sur revue de la littérature tant théorique qu’empirique réalisée dans le domaine de la RSE des petites entreprises, en développant plus précisément les approches environnementales, et sur différentes recherches portant sur l’innovation technologique dans les petites entreprises. Nous proposerons alors un modèle intégrant toutes les dimensions identifiées à partir de ces approches. Codes JEL : M14, L21, 047, Q
Grappes d'innovations sur les réseaux électriques et les concessions des collectivités locales (eau, déchets). Une lecture scumpeterienne du smart grid
Authors: Lesgards Valérie
Published: February 2011

Résumé La révolution industrielle des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC), qui démarre dans les années 1970 se propage actuellement aux domaines de l’énergie (électricité, gaz), de l’eau (distribution d’eau potable et gestion de la ressource dans son milieu naturel), ou des déchets (gestion à la source). Cette propagation s’effectue par la diffusion des applications numériques qui regroupent des équipements de communication, du « hardware » informatique, des périphériques, des capteurs et des compteurs numériques, ainsi que le « software » qui les fait tourner, qui récupère les données, les stocke, les analyse, les protège et permet leur visualisation. Cette propagation des innovations renvoie au processus de « grappe d’innovations » de l’économiste austro-hongrois Joseph A. Schumpeter. Il conduit à une intégration à la fois verticale (sur les différents segments de la chaîne de valeur de l’électricité) et horizontale (sur les marchés adjacents de l’eau et des déchets) des entreprises. Il se concentre actuellement sur les villes, au travers des démonstrateurs et des fonds publics dédiés. Mais la propagation des TIC aux réseaux s’effectue aussi au travers du modèle de l’entrepreneur porté par des consortiums réunissant des géants industriels et de toutes petites entreprises créées ex-nihilo . Ce sont ces consortiums qui permettent de passer de l’invention à la réalisation et qui assurent ainsi le rôle de l’entrepreneur schumpétérien. Enfin, le financement spécifique de l’innovation, par des aides publiques et le recours aux marchés financiers (via les fonds de capital-risque et les indices boursiers), porte le risque de bulle spéculative. La sphère financière se trouve alors découplée de celle de l’économie réelle, dès lors que l’intérêt, comme le capital sont des phénomènes purement monétaires, ne trouvant pas leur origine dans les biens ou les transactions réels. Codes JEL : O31, O32, M13
Une évaluation du bien-être au sein des régions françaises dans une approche de développement durable
Authors: Braconnier Patrice , Caire Gilles , Dupuy Romuald , Jahan Eliane , Le Masne Pierre , Nivoix Sophie
Published: February 2011

Résumé Nous proposons une évaluation du bien-être dans les régions françaises. Pour mesurer ce bien-être, nous recourons à un indice composite plutôt qu’au PIB par habitant. L’Indice de Bien-être dans les Régions françaises (IBER), conçu dans une approche de développement durable, comporte 3 dimensions (économique, sociale et environnementale) et 22 variables. Calculé pour les régions de France métropolitaine, il montre le caractère multidimensionnel du bien-être et apporte un éclairage différent de celui du PIB par habitant. Codes JEL : I31, Q01, R10
Mondialisation et négociation sociale dans les entreprises multinationales : la négociation de l'accord mondial Quebecor World
Authors: Hennebert Marc-Antonin , Bourque Reynald
Published: February 2011

Résumé Si les négociations collectives nationales et locales demeurent le pivot des systèmes de relations professionnelles, de nouveaux processus de négociation se développent au sein des entreprises multinationales sous la forme des accords-cadres internationaux (ACI). Les ACI constituent pour les fédérations syndicales internationales (FSI) signataires une reconnaissance de la contribution des salariés et de leurs organisations représentatives à la responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE). L’importance croissante des ACI suscite de multiples interrogations portant d’abord sur les caractéristiques des processus de négociation collective internationale menant à de tels accords, mais également sur les modèles théoriques permettant de les analyser. Partant de ces constats, cet article vise un double objectif soit, sur le plan empirique, de documenter le processus de négociation d’un ACI et, sur le plan théorique, d’évaluer à la lumière de cette étude de cas la pertinence de la théorie classique de Walton et McKersie (1965) comme cadre d’analyse des processus de négociation internationale.
Traduire, est-ce négocier ?
Authors: Soubrier Jean , Thuderoz Christian
Published: February 2011

Résumé Traduire, est-ce négocier ? Si oui, comme Umberto Eco le propose dans sa réflexion sur la traduction ( Dire presque la même chose , 2006), que peut nous apprendre ce rapprochement entre traduction et négociation ? Ne faut-il pas envisager un sens strict et un sens élargi du mot « négociation » ?
La négociation : les enseignements du jeu du dictateur
Authors: Petit Emmanuel , Rouillon Sébastien
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de retracer les principaux enseignements issus des expériences récentes réalisées à partir du jeu du dictateur. Le jeu du dictateur est un jeu économique stylisé dans lequel le rapport entre les acteurs de la négociation est complètement asymétrique : l’un des acteurs (l’offreur) fait une proposition de partage d’une somme forfaitaire que son partenaire (le bénéficiaire) est obligé d’accepter. Contrairement à la prédiction théorique, notre revue des données expérimentales indique tout d’abord que le dictateur transfère une partie non négligeable de la somme à répartir (de 20% à 40% selon les études) et que cette proportion est d’autant plus élevée que la distance sociale qui le sépare du récipiendaire est réduite. L’identification ou la communication, qui réduisent la distance sociale, auraient en particulier pour effet de sensibiliser l’offreur à la norme sociale d’équité. Nous montrons ainsi que le bénéficiaire peut avoir intérêt, sous certaines conditions, à révéler son identité, à communiquer ses préférences ou même à tenter d’influencer l’offreur en jouant notamment sur son aversion à la culpabilité. Nous analysons ensuite les tentatives récentes de modélisation du comportement individuel permettant de tenir compte des faits stylisés caractéristiques du jeu du dictateur.