bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behandler-Reaktionen auf die Meinungsäußerung von Patienten
Authors: Oberschelp Sarah-Lu , Schöpf Andrea C. , Farin Erik
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die Interaktion zwischen Behandler und Patient kann die Behandlung und deren Ergebnis stark beeinflussen. Die Studie untersucht die Wirkung von aktivem Kommunikationsverhalten des Patienten im Aufnahmegespräch auf die unmittelbare kommunikative Reaktion des Behandlers. Es wurden 21 Audiomitschnitte von Aufnahmegesprächen zwischen N = 21 Patienten mit chronisch-ischämischer Herzkrankheit und N = 10 Behandlern an zwei kardiologischen Rehabilitationskliniken analysiert. Die Audiomitschnitte wurden mittels RIAS codiert und Sequenz- und Lag-Analysen durchgeführt. Hierbei wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen aktiven Patientenverhaltensweisen (Meinungsäußerung) und den darauf‏ ‎folgenden kommunikativen Reaktionen des Behandlers untersucht. Aktive Meinungsäußerungen durch Patienten sind insgesamt sehr selten. Unaufgeforderte Meinungsäußerungen, welche nicht durch eine Frage des Behandlers ausgelöst wurde, kamen noch seltener vor. Allerdings zeigte die Sequenzanalyse, dass Patientenverhaltensweisen mit dem Kommunikationsverhalten von Behandlern in Zusammenhang steht. Die Meinungsäußerung wird in vielen Fällen aber nicht als Grundlage für eine gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung genutzt. Zukünftige Studien sollten klären, warum aktive Meinungsäußerungen nicht als Anlass für eine gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung genutzt werden.
„Nein, ich war nicht beim Sport“
Authors: Klingsieck Katrin B. , Weigelt Matthias
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die Rolle von Prokrastination, dem unnötigen Aufschieben von intendierten Tätigkeiten wider besseren Wissens, ist bisher noch nicht für die Domäne Sport untersucht worden. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es daher, den Zusammenhang zwischen Prokrastination und dem wöchentlichen Sporttreiben zu untersuchen. In einer Onlinestudie mit 167 Sportstudierenden (92 Frauen; Durchschnittsalter = 21 Jahre) wurden dazu die allgemeine sowie die sportspezifische Prokrastination in Relation zu den Persönlichkeitsvariablen Gewissenhaftigkeit und Neurotizismus, der volitionalen Variable Handlungskontrolle, der motivationalen Variable Selbstwirksamkeit im Sport sowie der Häufigkeit sportlicher Aktivitäten untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Korrelations-, Regressions- und Mediationsanalysen zeigen, dass Prokrastination auch für sportliche Akvtivitäten ein ernst zu nehmendes Phänomen sein kann. Darüber hinaus ermutigen sie zur Entwicklung einer sportspezifischen Prokrastinationsskala.
Programm- und Outputevaluation einer Intervention zur Förderung des sozialen Selbstkonzepts im Sportunterricht
Authors: Magnaguagno Lukas , Schmidt Mirko , Valkanover Stefan , Sygusch Ralf , Conzelmann Achim
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung. Neben den positiven Effekten auf die körperliche und motorische Entwicklung wird dem Sportunterricht auch attestiert, psychische Merkmale von Kindern auf eine positive Weise zu beeinflussen. Die vorliegende quasi-experimentelle Längsschnittstudie untersuchte die Effekte einer 14-wöchigen Intervention zur Förderung des sozialen Selbstkonzepts. 307 Schülerinnen und Schüler (MAlter= 10.92, SD = 0.64) nahmen an der Studie teil, bei welcher sie einen Fragebogen zu fünf Facetten des sozialen Selbstkonzepts ausfüllten. Varianzanalysen mit Messwiederholung zeigten, dass insbesondere eine intensive Schulung und Begleitung der Lehrkräfte zu einer verbesserten Implementationsqualität führt und dass nur diese erhöhte Implementationsqualität das Selbstkonzept der Kooperationsfähigkeit der Schülerinnen und Schüler positiv zu beeinflussen vermag. Die Erweiterung des Sportunterrichts mit kognitiven Methoden und die Steuerung der Implementationsqualität scheinen für die Förderung des sozialen Selbstkonzepts von zentraler Bedeutung zu sein.
Outcomes of a Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program Among School Personnel
Authors: Lamis Dorian A. , Underwood Maureen , D'Amore Nicole
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Background: Gatekeeper suicide prevention programs train staff to increase the identification and referral of suicidal individuals to the appropriate resources. Aims: We evaluated Act on FACTS: Making Educators Partners in Youth Suicide Prevention (MEP), which is an online training program designed to enhance the knowledge of suicide risk factors and warning signs as well as improve participants' attitudes and self-efficacy/confidence. Method: School personnel (N = 700) completed a survey administered before and immediately after the training to assess gains in training outcomes and to evaluate participants' satisfaction with the training. Results: Results indicated that MEP participants demonstrated significant increases in suicide knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy. Moreover, exploratory analyses revealed moderating effects of professional role on pre-/posttest changes in self-efficacy, but not suicide knowledge or attitudes. Specifically, guidance counselors demonstrated significantly smaller increases in self-efficacy/confidence compared with teachers and classroom aids, whereas teachers demonstrated significantly larger increases in self-efficacy/confidence compared with administrators. The majority of school personnel who completed the MEP program were satisfied with the training content and experience. Conclusion: Although the current findings are promising, more rigorous evaluations employing randomized controlled research designs are warranted to adequately determine the effectiveness of the MEP program.
Ethical Issues and Practical Challenges in Suicide Research
Authors: Hom Melanie A. , Podlogar Matthew C. , Stanley Ian H. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Background: Research with human subjects represents a critical avenue for suicide prevention efforts; however, such research is not without its ethical and practical challenges. Specifically, given the nature of research with individuals at elevated risk for suicide (e.g., increased concerns regarding participant safety, adverse events, liability, difficulties often arise during the institutional review board (IRB) evaluation and approval process. Aims: This paper aims to discuss IRB-related issues associated with suicide prevention research, including researcher and IRB panel member responsibilities, suicide risk assessment and management ethics and procedures, informed consent considerations, preparation of study protocols, and education and training. Points to consider and components to potentially include in an IRB application for suicide-related research are additionally provided. Method: Literature relevant to ethics in suicide research and suicide risk assessment and management was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Suicide research can be conducted in accordance with ethical principles while also furthering the science of suicide prevention. Conclusion: Despite the challenging nature of suicide prevention research, empirically informed solutions exist to address difficulties that may emerge in interfacing with IRBs. There remain areas for improvement in the IRB approval process that warrant further investigation and work.
The Role of Positive Expectancies in Risk Behavior
Authors: Jarvi Stephanie M. , Swenson Lance P.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Background: Alcohol use and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) appear to share a conceptual overlap in functions (e.g., tension reduction). Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for NSSI, and higher rates of alcohol use have been documented among those with NSSI history. Aims: This study examined whether NSSI-related alcohol expectancies affect relations between NSSI and alcohol use. Method: Participants were 367 college students (73% female) asked to complete an online survey about their drinking behavior and lifetime NSSI. Results: NSSI and alcohol use were highly prevalent in this sample: 56% endorsed lifetime NSSI and 74% endorsed current alcohol use. Of note, 43% (n = 147) endorsed both behaviors. Positive NSSI-related alcohol expectancies showed a significant association with lifetime NSSI. In addition, positive NSSI-related alcohol expectancies were associated with more frequent drinking behavior for individuals with a history of NSSI, particularly those who had engaged in two or more methods of lifetime NSSI. Conclusion: Alcohol use and NSSI represent high-risk behaviors commonly employed to regulate unwanted affective states. Interventions targeting substance use and/or NSSI may consider assessing positive NSSI and substance use expectancies, as the presence of these beliefs suggests a higher risk profile.
Promoting Help Seeking to Veterans
Authors: Karras Elizabeth , Lu Naiji , Elder Heather , Tu Xin , Thompson Caitlin , Tenhula Wendy , Batten Sonja V. , Bossarte Robert M.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Background: Few studies have considered different messaging strategies that may augment campaign efficacy to generate help-seeking behaviors among populations at increased risk for suicide, mainly US military veterans. Aims: Findings are presented from the pilot evaluation of the It's Your Call campaign implemented by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Three messaging strategies (with varying intensity and mix of messages) were compared to explore which best promote use of the Veterans Crisis Line (VCL) among veteran populations. Method: Daily VCL call data were obtained for 10 US cities during 2011–2012 where the campaign was active, and modeled using Poisson regression to identify changes in utilization patterns associated with the implementation of different messaging strategies. Results: Significant increases in call rates were only evident during the campaign in communities where mixed messages were disseminated. Further, use of mixed messages yielded greater increases in call rates when compared with the other tested strategies. This was an observational study where identification of causal relationships between variables was limited. Conclusion: Findings are encouraging as messaging was associated with help seeking, and they provide insights into strategies that may rapidly promote crisis line use. Results also underscore the need for further research on suicide prevention campaigns and dissemination practices.
The Influence of Media Exposure on the Accessibility of Moral	Intuitions and Associated Affect
Authors: Tamborini Ron , Prabhu Sujay , Lewis Robert J. , Grizzard Matthew , Eden Allison
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The model of intuitive morality and exemplars (MIME) predicts that media content can increase the accessibility of preconscious moral intuitions, which shape subsequent moral decision making. To date, attempts to demonstrate evidence of this intuitive, preconscious process with self-report measures have met with little success. The current paper presents results from a study designed to test the MIME’s predictions, measuring the accessibility of moral intuitions with a moral foundations–affect misattribution procedure (MF-AMP) argued in the current paper to be more capable of detecting the aforementioned effect. An experiment manipulated exposure to media content that focused on care and fairness to test the proposition that media content can increase the accessibility of these moral intuitions. The findings offer preliminary evidence supporting the MIME’s proposition that media content featuring behaviors relevant to specific moral intuitions can increase (temporarily at least) the accessibility of those specific moral intuitions in the audiences.
Virtual Exemplars in Health Promotion Campaigns
Authors: Ahn Sun Joo (Grace)
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Virtual simulations allow individuals to concretely view the future negative health consequences of present dietary choices. Integrating exemplification theory with risk communication research, the effect of using virtual simulations to exemplify the health risks of soft drink consumption was assessed across 3 weeks. A three-group pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest design (N = 62) compared the effect of three channels of delivering health risk information – base-rate statistics, picture, and virtual simulation – embedded in a digital health promotion pamphlet. Three dimensions of risk perception (perceived likelihood, susceptibility, severity), involvement with the health issue, and soft drink consumption were measured across 3 weeks. Virtual exemplars were the most effective channel for increasing perceived likelihood, perceived susceptibility, involvement, and soft drink consumption over time. Exemplification did not affect perceived severity. The paper discusses the potential of virtual exemplars as a powerful tool in designing effective health messages.
Is There a Gender Difference in Cyber-Victimization?
Authors: Sun Shaojing , Fan Xitao
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The study provides a quantitative synthesis of the literature on gender difference in cyber-victimization (CV). A total of 40 usable research articles were identified and used in this meta-analysis. With some articles having multiple effect sizes, a total of 150 effect sizes for gender difference in CV were obtained. Results indicated a small gender difference, with females experiencing slightly more CV than their male counterparts. However, there were considerable inconsistencies across the studies. Follow-up analyses on the study features revealed that several factors, such as response time frame and region of sampling, significantly moderated the relationship between gender and CV. Exploratory in nature, this study discusses the implications of the findings in reference to existing theories, and suggests future research directions.
A Conceptual Framework of Narrative Persuasion
Authors: Hamby Anne , Brinberg David , Jaccard James
Published: August 2016

Abstract. This article draws insights from several disciplines to propose an integrated perspective on mechanisms underlying narrative persuasion. One approach to narratives emphasizes a deictic shift into the narrative, resulting in an absorbed state of processing and a loss of one’s sense of self (e.g., transportation, narrative engagement, identification). Another approach focuses on processes to construct meaning from a narrative; that is, how narratives are actively compared with and applied to one’s life. The current work has conceptualized the relationship between these two broad processes as occurring in sequence, and as a pathway of narrative persuasion: A shift and absorption into the narrative leads to a process of reflecting on the narrative, which is antecedent to narrative influence.
Does Uncertainty Reduction Facilitate the Perceptual Disconfirmation	of Negative Expectancies in Computer-Mediated Communication?
Authors: Kashian Nicole , Walther Joseph B.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. This study tests two models of perceptual disconfirmation. Perceptual disconfirmation occurs when individuals have a negative expectation regarding their future conversation partners’ demeanor, but after conversing with and influencing their partners’ behavior, individuals’ assessment of their partners’ demeanor becomes more positive. This effect is, so far, novel to computer-mediated communication: When individuals with similar expectancies get acquainted using phone or face-to-face channels their negative preinteraction expectancies persist and assessments remain unchanged. This experiment explored the extent to which questions and disclosures, and partners’ disclosive responses, mediated perceptual disconfirmation. Individuals were led to believe that a dyadic conversation partner was either in a bad mood (negative and malleable expectation) or had a bad personality (negative and nonmalleable expectation). After a 30-min online conversation to get acquainted, perceptual disconfirmation emerged, although the verbal strategies did not mediate the effect. This study raises new questions about the process by which individuals who have negative expectancies of their future conversation partners defy these negative expectations and shift their attitudes to become more positive online.
Six Snapshots of Geoscience Research from National Parks
Authors: Coombs Amy
Published: August 2016

As the National Park Service celebrates its 100th anniversary, we celebrate ongoing Earth and atmospheric research made possible by conservation efforts.
Role of human milk oligosaccharides in Group B Streptococcus colonisation
Authors: Andreas Nicholas J , Al‐Khalidi Asmaa , Jaiteh Mustapha , Clarke Edward , Hyde Matthew J , Modi Neena , Holmes Elaine , Kampmann Beate , Mehring Le Doare Kirsty
Published: August 2016

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. The major risk factor for GBS disease is maternal and subsequent infant colonisation. It is unknown whether human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) protect against GBS colonisation. HMO production is genetically determined and linked to the Lewis antigen system. We aimed to investigate the association between HMOs and infant GBS colonisation between birth and postnatal day 90. Rectovaginal swabs were collected at delivery, as well as colostrum/breast milk, infant nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs at birth, 6 days and days 60–89 postpartum from 183 Gambian mother/infant pairs. GBS colonisation and serotypes were determined using culture and PCR. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to characterise the mother's Lewis status and HMO profile in breast milk. Mothers who were Lewis‐positive were significantly less likely to be colonised by GBS (X2=12.50, P<0.001). Infants of Lewis‐positive mothers were less likely GBS colonised at birth (X2=4.88 P=0.03) and more likely to clear colonisation between birth and days 60–89 than infants born to Lewis‐negative women (P=0.05). There was no association between Secretor status and GBS colonisation. In vitro work revealed that lacto‐N‐difucohexaose I (LNDFHI) correlated with a reduction in the growth of GBS. Our results suggest that HMO such as LNDFHI may be a useful adjunct in reducing maternal and infant colonisation and hence invasive GBS disease. Secretor status offers utility as a stratification variable in GBS clinical trials.
Quantum super-oscillation of a single photon
Authors: Yuan Guang Hui , Vezzoli Stefano , Altuzarra Charles , Rogers Edward TF , Couteau Christophe , Soci Cesare , Zheludev Nikolay I
Published: August 2016

Super-oscillation is a counterintuitive phenomenon describing localized fast variations of functions and fields that happen at frequencies higher than the highest Fourier component of their spectra. The physical implications of this effect have been studied in information theory and optics of classical fields, and have been used in super-resolution imaging. As a general phenomenon of wave dynamics, super-oscillations have also been predicted to exist in quantum wavefunctions. Here we report the experimental demonstration of super-oscillatory behavior of a single-quantum object, a photon. The super-oscillatory behavior is demonstrated by tight localization of the photon wavefunction after focusing with an appropriately designed slit mask to create an interference pattern with a sub-diffraction hotspot (~0.45 λ). Such quantum super-oscillation can be used for low-intensity far-field super-resolution imaging techniques even down to single-photon counting regime, which would be of interest to quantum physics and non-invasive and label-free biological studies.
Mapping surface charge density of lipid bilayers by quantitative surface conductivity microscopy
Authors: Klausen Lasse Hyldgaard , Fuhs Thomas , Dong Mingdong
Published: August 2016

Local surface charge density of lipid membranes influences membrane–protein interactions leading to distinct functions in all living cells, and it is a vital parameter in understanding membrane-binding mechanisms, liposome design and drug delivery. Despite the significance, no method has so far been capable of mapping surface charge densities under physiologically relevant conditions. Here, we use a scanning nanopipette setup (scanning ion-conductance microscope) combined with a novel algorithm to investigate the surface conductivity near supported lipid bilayers, and we present a new approach, quantitative surface conductivity microscopy (QSCM), capable of mapping surface charge density with high-quantitative precision and nanoscale resolution. The method is validated through an extensive theoretical analysis of the ionic current at the nanopipette tip, and we demonstrate the capacity of QSCM by mapping the surface charge density of model cationic, anionic and zwitterionic lipids with results accurately matching theoretical values.
Coherence and multimode correlations from vacuum fluctuations in a microwave superconducting cavity
Authors: Lähteenmäki Pasi , Paraoanu Gheorghe Sorin , Hassel Juha , Hakonen Pertti J.
Published: August 2016

The existence of vacuum fluctuations is one of the most important predictions of modern quantum field theory. In the vacuum state, fluctuations occurring at different frequencies are uncorrelated. However, if a parameter in the Lagrangian of the field is modulated by an external pump, vacuum fluctuations stimulate spontaneous downconversion processes, creating squeezing between modes symmetric with respect to half of the frequency of the pump. Here we show that by double parametric pumping of a superconducting microwave cavity, it is possible to generate another type of correlation, namely coherence between photons in separate frequency modes. The coherence correlations are tunable by the phases of the pumps and are established by a quantum fluctuation that stimulates the simultaneous creation of two photon pairs. Our analysis indicates that the origin of this vacuum-induced coherence is the absence of which-way information in the frequency space.
Cullin3-KLHL15 ubiquitin ligase mediates CtIP protein turnover to fine-tune DNA-end resection
Authors: Ferretti Lorenza P. , Himmels Sarah-Felicitas , Trenner Anika , Walker Christina , von Aesch Christine , Eggenschwiler Aline , Murina Olga , Enchev Radoslav I. , Peter Matthias , Freire Raimundo , Porro Antonio , Sartori Alessandro A.
Published: August 2016

Human CtIP is a decisive factor in DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice by enabling DNA-end resection, the first step that differentiates homologous recombination (HR) from non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). To coordinate appropriate and timely execution of DNA-end resection, CtIP function is tightly controlled by multiple protein–protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Here, we identify the Cullin3 E3 ligase substrate adaptor Kelch-like protein 15 (KLHL15) as a new interaction partner of CtIP and show that KLHL15 promotes CtIP protein turnover via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. A tripeptide motif (FRY) conserved across vertebrate CtIP proteins is essential for KLHL15-binding; its mutation blocks KLHL15-dependent CtIP ubiquitination and degradation. Consequently, DNA-end resection is strongly attenuated in cells overexpressing KLHL15 but amplified in cells either expressing a CtIP-FRY mutant or lacking KLHL15, thus impacting the balance between HR and NHEJ. Collectively, our findings underline the key importance and high complexity of CtIP modulation for genome integrity.
Ecological constraints increase the climatic debt in forests
Authors: Bertrand Romain , Riofrío-Dillon Gabriela , Lenoir Jonathan , Drapier Jacques , de Ruffray Patrice , Gégout Jean-Claude , Loreau Michel
Published: August 2016

Biodiversity changes are lagging behind current climate warming. The underlying determinants of this climatic debt are unknown and yet critical to understand the impacts of climate change on the present biota and improve forecasts of biodiversity changes. Here we assess determinants of climatic debt accumulated in French forest herbaceous plant communities between 1987 and 2008 (that is, a 1.05 °C mean difference between the observed and bioindicated temperatures). We show that warmer baseline conditions predispose plant communities to larger climatic debts, and that climate warming exacerbates this response. Forest plant communities, however, are absorbing part of the temperature increase mainly through the species’ ability to tolerate changing climate. As climate warming is expected to accelerate during the twenty-first century, plant migration and tolerance to climatic stresses probably will be insufficient to absorb this impact posing threats to the sustainability of forest plant communities.
VCP recruitment to mitochondria causes mitophagy impairment and neurodegeneration in models of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Guo Xing , Sun XiaoYan , Hu Di , Wang Ya-Juan , Fujioka Hisashi , Vyas Rajan , Chakrapani Sudha , Joshi Amit Umesh , Luo Yu , Mochly-Rosen Daria , Qi Xin
Published: August 2016

Mutant Huntingtin (mtHtt) causes neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease (HD) by evoking defects in the mitochondria, but the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. Our proteomic analysis identifies valosin-containing protein (VCP) as an mtHtt-binding protein on the mitochondria. Here we show that VCP is selectively translocated to the mitochondria, where it is bound to mtHtt in various HD models. Mitochondria-accumulated VCP elicits excessive mitophagy, causing neuronal cell death. Blocking mtHtt/VCP mitochondrial interaction with a peptide, HV-3, abolishes VCP translocation to the mitochondria, corrects excessive mitophagy and reduces cell death in HD mouse- and patient-derived cells and HD transgenic mouse brains. Treatment with HV-3 reduces behavioural and neuropathological phenotypes of HD in both fragment- and full-length mtHtt transgenic mice. Our findings demonstrate a causal role of mtHtt-induced VCP mitochondrial accumulation in HD pathogenesis and suggest that the peptide HV-3 might be a useful tool for developing new therapeutics to treat HD.
Structural basis for oxygen degradation domain selectivity of the HIF prolyl hydroxylases
Authors: Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , Leung Ivanhoe K. H. , Tian Ya-Min , Abboud Martine I. , Ge Wei , Domene Carmen , Cantrelle François-Xavier , Landrieu Isabelle , Hardy Adam P. , Pugh Christopher W. , Ratcliffe Peter J. , Claridge Timothy D. W. , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: August 2016

The response to hypoxia in animals involves the expression of multiple genes regulated by the αβ-hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). The hypoxia-sensing mechanism involves oxygen limited hydroxylation of prolyl residues in the N- and C-terminal oxygen-dependent degradation domains (NODD and CODD) of HIFα isoforms, as catalysed by prolyl hydroxylases (PHD 1–3). Prolyl hydroxylation promotes binding of HIFα to the von Hippel–Lindau protein (VHL)–elongin B/C complex, thus signalling for proteosomal degradation of HIFα. We reveal that certain PHD2 variants linked to familial erythrocytosis and cancer are highly selective for CODD or NODD. Crystalline and solution state studies coupled to kinetic and cellular analyses reveal how wild-type and variant PHDs achieve ODD selectivity via different dynamic interactions involving loop and C-terminal regions. The results inform on how HIF target gene selectivity is achieved and will be of use in developing selective PHD inhibitors.
Lithium-ion battery electrolyte mobility at nano-confined graphene interfaces
Authors: Moeremans Boaz , Cheng Hsiu-Wei , Hu Qingyun , Garces Hector F. , Padture Nitin P. , Renner Frank Uwe , Valtiner Markus
Published: August 2016

Interfaces are essential in electrochemical processes, providing a critical nanoscopic design feature for composite electrodes used in Li-ion batteries. Understanding the structure, wetting and mobility at nano-confined interfaces is important for improving the efficiency and lifetime of electrochemical devices. Here we use a Surface Forces Apparatus to quantify the initial wetting of nanometre-confined graphene, gold and mica surfaces by Li-ion battery electrolytes. Our results indicate preferential wetting of confined graphene in comparison with gold or mica surfaces because of specific interactions of the electrolyte with the graphene surface. In addition, wetting of a confined pore proceeds via a profoundly different mechanism compared with wetting of a macroscopic surface. We further reveal the existence of molecularly layered structures of the confined electrolyte. Nanoscopic confinement of less than 4–5 nm and the presence of water decrease the mobility of the electrolyte. These results suggest a lower limit for the pore diameter in nanostructured electrodes.
Shift current bulk photovoltaic effect in polar materials—hybrid and oxide perovskites and beyond
Authors: Tan Liang Z , Zheng Fan , Young Steve M , Wang Fenggong , Liu Shi , Rappe Andrew M
Published: August 2016

The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) refers to the generation of a steady photocurrent and above-bandgap photovoltage in a single-phase homogeneous material lacking inversion symmetry. The mechanism of BPVE is decidedly different from the typical p–n junction-based photovoltaic mechanism in heterogeneous materials. Recently, there has been renewed interest in ferroelectric materials for solar energy conversion, inspired by the discovery of above-bandgap photovoltages in ferroelectrics, the invention of low bandgap ferroelectric materials and the rapidly improving power conversion efficiency of metal halide perovskites. However, as long as the nature of the BPVE and its dependence on composition and structure remain poorly understood, materials engineering and the realisation of its true potential will be hampered. In this review article, we survey the history, development and recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of BPVE, with a focus on the shift current mechanism, an intrinsic BPVE that is universal to all materials lacking inversion symmetry. In addition to explaining the theory of shift current, materials design opportunities and challenges will be discussed for future applications of the BPVE.
Correction: Corrigendum: Characterization of anti-leukemia components from Indigo naturalis using comprehensive two-dimensional K562/cell membrane chromatography and in silico target identification
Authors: Wu Xunxun , Chen Xiaofei , Jia Dan , Cao Yan , Gao Shouhong , Guo Zhiying , Zerbe Philipp , Chai Yifeng , Diao Yong , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 25491; published online: 06 May 2016; updated: 26 August 2016 The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of Dan Jia which was incorrectly given as Jia Dan. As a result, the Author Contribution statement now reads: "X.F.C., Y.D. and L.Z.
Correction: Corrigendum: CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Immunity to Geminiviruses: Differential Interference and Evasion
Authors: Ali Zahir , Ali Shakila , Tashkandi Manal , Zaidi Syed Shan-e-Ali , Mahfouz Magdy M.
Published: August 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 26912; published online: 26 May 2016; updated: 26 August 2016 This Article contains an error in Figure 5 where Figure 5D and 5E were published as Figure 5E and 5D respectively. The correct Figure 5 and correct figure legend appears below as Figure 1.
Dramatic mass loss in extreme high-elevation areas of a western Himalayan glacier: observations and modeling
Authors: Zhao Huabiao , Yang Wei , Yao Tandong , Tian Lide , Xu Baiqing
Published: August 2016

Rapid climate change at high elevations has accelerated glacier retreat in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau. However, due to the lack of long-term glaciological measurements, there are still uncertainties regarding when the mass loss began and what the magnitude of mass loss is at such high elevations. Based on in situ glaciological observations during the past 9 years and a temperature-index mass balance model, this study investigates recent mass loss of the Naimona’nyi Glacier in the western Himalayas and reconstructs a 41-year (1973/74–2013/14) equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and glacier-wide mass loss. The result indicates that even at 6000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), the annual mass loss reaches ~0.73 m water equivalent (w.e.) during the past 9 years. Concordant with the abrupt climate shift in the end of 1980s, the ELA has dramatically risen from ~5969 ± 73 m a.s.l. during 1973/74–1988/89 to ~6193 ± 75 m a.s.l. during 1989/90–2013/14, suggesting that future ice cores containing uninterrupted climate records could only be recovered at least above 6200 m a.s.l. in the Naimona’nyi region. The glacier-wide mass balance over the past 41 years is averaged to be approximately −0.40 ± 0.17 m w.e., exhibiting a significant increase in the decadal average from −0.01 ± 0.15 to −0.69 ± 0.21 m w.e.
Scaling crossover in thin-film drag dynamics of fluid drops in the Hele-Shaw cell
Authors: Yahashi Misato , Kimoto Natsuki , Okumura Ko
Published: August 2016

We study both experimentally and theoretically the descending motion due to gravity of a fluid drop surrounded by another immiscible fluid in a confined space between two parallel plates, i.e., in the Hele-Shaw cell. As a result, we show a new scaling regime of a nonlinear drag friction in viscous liquid that replaces the well-known Stokes’ drag friction through a clear collapse of experimental data thanks to the scaling law. In the novel regime, the dissipation in the liquid thin film formed between the drop and cell walls governs the dynamics. The crossover of this scaling regime to another scaling regime in which the dissipation inside the droplet is dominant is clearly demonstrated and a phase diagram separating these scaling regimes is presented.
Turbulent jet flow generated downstream of a low temperature dielectric barrier atmospheric pressure plasma device
Authors: Whalley Richard D. , Walsh James L.
Published: August 2016

Flowing low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma devices have been used in many technological applications ranging from energy efficient combustion through to wound healing and cancer therapy. The generation of the plasma causes a sudden onset of turbulence in the inhomogeneous axisymmetric jet flow downstream of the plasma plume. The mean turbulent velocity fields are shown to be self-similar and independent of the applied voltage used to generate the plasma. It is proposed that the production of turbulence is related to a combination of the small-amplitude plasma induced body forces and gas heating causing perturbations in the unstable shear layers at the jet exit which grow as they move downstream, creating turbulence.
Patterned FeNi soft magnetic strips film with tunable resonance frequency from 1 to 10.6 GHz
Authors: Ren Yong , Li Xinxi , Wang Yan , Ren Jiankun , Zhang Yan , Dai Bo , Yan Haiyang , Sun Guangai , Peng Shuming
Published: August 2016

Soft magnetic films with a wide-range tunable ferromagnetic resonance frequency are suitable for miniaturization and multifunctionalization of microwave integrated circuits. Fabrication of these films for high-frequency applications is usually complicated and difficult. We demonstrate a simple method to fabricate patterned FeNi soft magnetic strip films by magnetron sputtering and photolithography. Films prepared by this method exhibits a tunable in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (IPUMA) for different strip widths and gaps. As the strip widths changing from 500 to 2 μm, the IPUMA field increases monotonically from 2.2 to 576 Oe and resonance frequency from 1 to 10.6 GHz(which covers four microwave bands, including the L,S,C and X bands) respectively. This ultra-wide-range adjustability of resonance frequency can be attributed to shape anisotropy of strips. Considering that FeNi alloy has relatively low magnetocrystalline anisotropy, so a wider adjustable range of resonance frequency could be obtained using materials with stronger magnetocrystalline anisotropy.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Buffalo Oocytes Matured in vitro Using iTRAQ Technique
Authors: Chen Lingsheng , Zhai Linhui , Qu Chunfeng , Zhang Chengpu , Li Sheng , Wu Feilin , Qi Yingzi , Lu Fenghua , Xu Ping , Li Xiangping , Shi Deshun
Published: August 2016

To investigate the protein profiling of buffalo oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage and metaphase II (MII) stage, an iTRAQ-based strategy was applied. A total of 3,763 proteins were identified, which representing the largest buffalo oocytes proteome dataset to date. Among these proteins identified, 173 proteins were differentially expressed in GV oocytes and competent MII oocytes and 146 proteins were differentially abundant in competent and incompetent matured oocytes. Functional and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the up-regulated proteins in competent MII oocytes were related to chromosome segregation, microtubule-based process, protein transport, oxidation reduction, ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation, etc., in comparison with GV and incompetent MII oocytes. This is the first proteomic report on buffalo oocytes from different maturation stages and developmental competent status. These data will provide valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying buffalo oocyte maturation and these proteins may potentially act as markers to predict developmental competence of buffalo oocyte during in vitro maturation.
Ice VII from aqueous salt solutions: From a glass to a crystal with broken H-bonds
Authors: Klotz S. , Komatsu K. , Pietrucci F. , Kagi H. , Ludl A.-A. , Machida S. , Hattori T. , Sano-Furukawa A. , Bove L. E.
Published: August 2016

It has been known for decades that certain aqueous salt solutions of LiCl and LiBr readily form glasses when cooled to below ≈160 K. This fact has recently been exploited to produce a « salty » high-pressure ice form: When the glass is compressed at low temperatures to pressures higher than 4 GPa and subsequently warmed, it crystallizes into ice VII with the ionic species trapped inside the ice lattice. Here we report the extreme limit of salt incorporation into ice VII, using high pressure neutron diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations. We show that high-pressure crystallisation of aqueous solutions of LiCl∙RH2O and LiBr∙RH2O with R = 5.6 leads to solids with strongly expanded volume, a destruction of the hydrogen-bond network with an isotropic distribution of water-dipole moments, as well as a crystal-to-amorphous transition on decompression. This highly unusual behaviour constitutes an interesting pathway from a glass to a crystal where translational periodicity is restored but the rotational degrees of freedom remaining completely random.
Classification of the treble clef zinc finger: noteworthy lessons for structure and function evolution
Authors: Kaur Gurmeet , Subramanian Srikrishna
Published: August 2016

Treble clef (TC) zinc fingers constitute a large fold-group of structural zinc-binding protein domains that mediate numerous cellular functions. We have analysed the sequence, structure and function relationships among all TCs in the Protein Data Bank. This led to the identification of novel TCs, such as lsr2, YggX and TFIIIC τ 60 kDa subunit and prediction of a nuclease-like function for the DUF1364 family. The structural malleability of TCs is evident from the many examples with variations to the core structural elements of the fold. We observe domains wherein the structural core of the TC fold is circularly permuted and also some examples where the overall fold resembles both the TC motif and another unrelated fold. All extant TC families do not share a monophyletic origin, as several TC proteins are known to have been present in the last universal common ancestor and the last eukaryotic common ancestor. We identify several TCs where the zinc-chelating site and residues are not merely responsible for structure stabilization but also perform other functions, such as being redox active in C1B domain of protein kinase C, a nucleophilic acceptor in Ada and catalytic in organomercurial lyase, MerB.
Influence of chemical ordering on the thermal conductivity and electronic relaxation in FePt thin films in heat assisted magnetic recording applications
Authors: Giri Ashutosh , Wee Sung Hun , Jain Shikha , Hellwig Olav , Hopkins Patrick E.
Published: August 2016

We report on the out-of-plane thermal conductivities of tetragonal L10 FePt (001) easy-axis and cubic A1 FePt thin films via time-domain thermoreflectance over a temperature range from 133 K to 500 K. The out-of-plane thermal conductivity of the chemically ordered L10 phase with alternating Fe and Pt layers is ~23% greater than the thermal conductivity of the disordered A1 phase at room temperature and below. However, as temperature is increased above room temperature, the thermal conductivities of the two phases begin to converge. Molecular dynamics simulations on model FePt structures support our experimental findings and help shed more light into the relative vibrational thermal transport properties of the L10 and A1 phases. Furthermore, unlike the varying temperature trends in the thermal conductivities of the two phases, the electronic scattering rates in the out-of-plane direction of the two phases are similar for the temperature range studied in this work.
Rapidly patterning micro/nano devices by directly assembling ions and nanomaterials
Authors: Liu Na , Wang Feifei , Liu Lianqing , Yu Haibo , Xie Shaorong , Wang Jun , Wang Yuechao , Lee Gwo-Bin , Li Wen J.
Published: August 2016

The synthesis and assembly of components are key steps in micro/nano device manufacturing. In this article, we report an optically controlled assembly method that can rapidly pattern micro/nano devices by directly assembling ions and nanomaterials without expensive physical masks and complex etching processes. Utilizing this controllable process, different types of device components (e.g., metallic and semiconductor) can be fabricated and assembled in 10–30 seconds, which is far more rapid and cost-effective than any other micro/nano fabrication method.
Thromboxane A2 exacerbates acute lung injury via promoting edema formation
Authors: Kobayashi Koji , Horikami Daiki , Omori Keisuke , Nakamura Tatsuro , Yamazaki Arisa , Maeda Shingo , Murata Takahisa
Published: August 2016

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is produced in the lungs of patients suffering from acute lung injury (ALI). We assessed its contribution in disease progression using three different ALI mouse models. The administration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) or oleic acid (OA)+ lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused tissue edema and neutrophil infiltration with TXA2 production in the lungs of the experimental mice. The administration of LPS induced only neutrophil accumulation without TXA2 production. Pretreatment with T prostanoid receptor (TP) antagonist attenuated the tissue edema but not neutrophil infiltration in these models. Intravital imaging and immunostaining demonstrated that administration of TP agonist caused vascular hyper-permeability by disrupting the endothelial barrier formation in the mouse ear. In vitro experiments showed that TP-stimulation disrupted the endothelial adherens junction and it was inhibited by Ca2+ channel blockade or Rho kinase inhibition. Thus endogenous TXA2 exacerbates ALI and its blockade attenuates it by modulating the extent of lung edema. This can be explained by the endothelial hyper-permeability caused by the activation of TXA2-TP axis, via Ca2+- and Rho kinase-dependent signaling.
Factors regulating capillary remodeling in a reversible model of inflammatory corneal angiogenesis
Authors: Mukwaya Anthony , Peebo Beatrice , Xeroudaki Maria , Ali Zaheer , Lennikov Anton , Jensen Lasse , Lagali Neil
Published: August 2016

Newly formed microcapillary networks arising in adult organisms by angiogenic and inflammatory stimuli contribute to pathologies such as corneal and retinal blindness, tumor growth and metastasis. Therapeutic inhibition of pathologic angiogenesis has focused on targeting the VEGF pathway, while comparatively little attention has been given to remodeling of the new microcapillaries into a stabilized, functional and persistent vascular network. Here, we used a novel reversible model of inflammatory angiogenesis in the rat cornea to investigate endogenous factors rapidly invoked to remodel, normalize and regress microcapillaries as part of the natural response to regain corneal avascularity. Rapid reversal of an inflammatory angiogenic stimulus suppressed granulocytic activity, enhanced recruitment of remodelling macrophages, induced capillary intussusception and enriched pathways and processes involving immune cells, chemokines, morphogenesis, axonal guidance and cell motility, adhesion and cytoskeletal functions. Whole transcriptome gene expression analysis revealed suppression of numerous inflammatory and angiogenic factors and enhancement of endogenous inhibitors. Many of the identified genes function independently of VEGF and represent potentially new targets for molecular control of the critical process of microvascular remodeling and regression in the cornea.
A Novel Surface Structure Consisting of Contact-active Antibacterial Upper-layer and Antifouling Sub-layer Derived from Gemini Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polyurethanes
Authors: He Wei , Zhang Yi , Li Jiehua , Gao Yunlong , Luo Feng , Tan Hong , Wang Kunjie , Fu Qiang
Published: August 2016

Contact-active antibacterial surfaces play a vital role in preventing bacterial contamination of artificial surfaces. In the past, numerous researches have been focused on antibacterial surfaces comprising of antifouling upper-layer and antibacterial sub-layer. In this work, we demonstrate a reversed surface structure which integrate antibacterial upper-layer and antifouling sub-layer. These surfaces are prepared by simply casting gemini quaternary ammonium salt waterborne polyurethanes (GWPU) and their blends. Due to the high interfacial energy of gemini quaternary ammonium salt (GQAS), chain segments containing GQAS can accumulate at polymer/air interface to form an antibacterial upper-layer spontaneously during the film formation. Meanwhile, the soft segments composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) formed the antifouling sub-layer. Our findings indicate that the combination of antibacterial upper-layer and antifouling sub-layer endow these surfaces strong, long-lasting antifouling and contact-active antibacterial properties, with a more than 99.99% killing efficiency against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria attached to them.
New insights into negative effects of lithium on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos
Authors: Ruocco Nadia , Costantini Maria , Santella Luigia
Published: August 2016

The diffuse use of lithium in a number of industrial processes has produced a significant contamination of groundwater and surface water with it. The increased use of lithium has generated only scarce studies on its concentrations in ambient waters and on its effects on aquatic organisms. Only few contributions have focused on the toxicity of lithium in marine organisms (such as marine animals, algae and vegetables), showing that the toxic effect depends on the animal species. In the present study we describe the morphological and the molecular effects of lithium chloride (LiCl), using the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as a model organism. We show that LiCl, if added to the eggs before fertilization, induces malformations in the embryos in a dose-dependent manner. We have also followed by RT qPCR the expression levels of thirty seven genes (belonging to different classes of functional processes, such as stress, development, differentiation, skeletogenesis and detoxifications) to identify the molecular targets of LiCl. This study opens new perspectives for the understanding of the mechanism of action of lithium on marine organisms. The findings may also have relevance outside the world of marine organisms since lithium is widely prescribed for the treatment of human bipolar disorders.