bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Microfluidic Chips in Separation and Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles in Liquid Biopsy for Cancer
Authors: Lu Jin , Pang Jiushen , Chen Ying , Dong Qi , Sheng Jiahao , Luo Yong , Lu Yao , Lin Bingcheng , Liu Tingjiao
Published: June 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are becoming a promising biomarker in liquid biopsy of cancer. Separation EV from cell culture medium or biofluids with high purity and quality remains a technique challenge. EV manipulation techniques based on microfluidics have been developed in the last decade. Microfluidic-based EV separation techniques developed so far can be classified into two categories: surface biomarker-dependent and size-dependent approaches. Microfluidic techniques allow the integration of EV separation and analysis on a single chip. Integrated EV separation and on-chip analysis have shown great potential in cancer diagnosis and monitoring treatment of responses. In this review, we discuss the development of microfluidic chips for EV separation and analysis. We also detail the clinical application of these microfluidic chips in the liquid biopsy of various cancers.
Towards On-Chip Self-Referenced Frequency-Comb Sources Based on Semiconductor Mode-Locked Lasers
Authors: Malinowski Marcin , Bustos-Ramirez Ricardo , Tremblay Jean-Etienne , Camacho-Gonzalez Guillermo F. , Wu Ming C. , Delfyett Peter J. , Fathpour Sasan
Published: June 2019

Miniaturization of frequency-comb sources could open a host of potential applications in spectroscopy, biomedical monitoring, astronomy, microwave signal generation, and distribution of precise time or frequency across networks. This review article places emphasis on an architecture with a semiconductor mode-locked laser at the heart of the system and subsequent supercontinuum generation and carrier-envelope offset detection and stabilization in nonlinear integrated optics.
Lycopodium Attenuates Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Jayaraj Richard L. , Beiram Rami , Azimullah Sheikh , Meeran Mohamed Fizur Nagoor , Ojha Shreesh K. , Adem Abdu , Jalal Fakhreya Yousuf
Published: June 2019

Parkinson’s disease, a chronic, age related neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by a progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Several studies have proven that the activation of glial cells, presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates, and oxidative stress, fuels neurodegeneration, and currently there is no definitive treatment for PD. In this study, a rotenone-induced rat model of PD was used to understand the neuroprotective potential of Lycopodium (Lyc), a commonly-used potent herbal medicine. Immunohistochemcial data showed that rotenone injections significantly increased the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and decreased the striatal expression of tyrosine hydroxylase. Further, rotenone administration activated microglia and astroglia, which in turn upregulated the expression of α-synuclein, pro-inflammatory, and oxidative stress factors, resulting in PD pathology. However, rotenone-injected rats that were orally treated with lycopodium (50 mg/kg) were protected against dopaminergic neuronal loss by diminishing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and MMP-9, as well as reduced activation of microglia and astrocytes. This neuroprotective mechanism not only involves reduction in pro-inflammatory response and α-synuclein expression, but also synergistically enhanced antioxidant defense system by virtue of the drug’s multimodal action. These findings suggest that Lyc has the potential to be further developed as a therapeutic candidate for PD.
Antidiabetic Activity and Potential Mechanism of Amentoflavone in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Su Chengfu , Yang Chuanbin , Gong Man , Ke Yingying , Yuan Peipei , Wang Xiaolan , Li Min , Zheng Xiaoke , Feng Weisheng
Published: June 2019

Aim: To investigate the anti-diabetic activity of amentoflavone (AME) in diabetic mice, and to explore the potential mechanisms. Methods: Diabetic mice induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin were administered with amentoflavone for 8 weeks. Biochemical indexes were tested to evaluate its anti-diabetic effect. Hepatic steatosis, the histopathology change of the pancreas was evaluated. The activity of glucose metabolic enzymes, the expression of Akt and pAkt, and the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) immunoreactivity were detected. Results: AME decreased the level of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucagon, and increased the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and insulin. Additionally, AME increased the activity of glucokinase (GCK), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), and pyruvate kinase (PK), and inhibited the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase). Mechanistically, AME increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), activation of several key signaling molecules including pAkt (Ser473), and increased the translocation to the sedimenting membranes of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle tissue. Conclusions: AME exerted anti-diabetic effects by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, perhaps via anti-oxidant effects and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Our study provided novel insight into the role and underlying mechanisms of AME in diabetes.
Wine Fining with Plant Proteins
Authors: Marangon Matteo , Vincenzi Simone , Curioni Andrea
Published: June 2019

Fining treatments involve the addition of a substance or a mixture to wine, and are generally carried out in order to clarify, stabilize or modify the wine’s organoleptic characteristics. Usually these fining agents will bind the target compound(s) to form insoluble aggregates that are subsequently removed from the wine. The main reasons to perform wine fining treatments are to carry out wine clarification, stabilization and to remove phenolic compounds imparting unwanted sensory characteristics on the wine, which is an operation that often relies on the use of animal proteins, such as casein, gelatin, egg and fish proteins. However, due to the allergenic potential of these animal proteins, there is an increasing interest in developing alternative solutions including the use of fining proteins extracted from plants (e.g., proteins from cereals, grape seeds, potatoes, legumes, etc.), and non-proteinaceous plant-based substances (e.g., cell wall polysaccharides and pomace materials). In this article, the state of the art alternative fining agents of plant origins are reviewed for the first time, including considerations of their organoleptic and technological effects on wine, and of the allergenic risks that they can pose for consumers.
One-Step Regioselective Synthesis of Benzofurans from Phenols and α-Haloketones
Authors: Wang Bingqiao , Zhang Qiu , Luo Juan , Gan Zongjie , Jiang Wengao , Tang Qiang
Published: June 2019

Reported here is the direct synthesis of naphthofurans and benzofurans from readily available phenols and α-haloketones promoted by titanium tetrachloride which combines Friedel–Crafts-like alkylation and intramolecular cyclodehydration into one step. This simple protocol allows for the formation of a variety of high value naphthofurans and benzofurans within which a series of cyclic and acyclic groups are readily incorporated. This process demonstrates the advantages of high levels of regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, and moderate to excellent yields.
Simultaneous Profiling and Holistic Comparison of the Metabolomes among the Flower Buds of Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Panax notoginseng by UHPLC/IM-QTOF-HDMSE-Based Metabolomics Analysis
Authors: Jia Li , Zuo Tiantian , Zhang Chunxia , Li Weiwei , Wang Hongda , Hu Ying , Wang Xiaoyan , Qian Yuexin , Yang Wenzhi , Yu Heshui
Published: June 2019

The flower buds of three Panax species (PGF: flower bud of P. ginseng; PQF: flower bud of P. quinquefolius; PNF: flower bud of P. notoginseng), widely consumed as healthcare products, are easily confused particularly in the extracts or traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae. We are aimed to develop an untargeted metabolomics approach, by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) to unveil the chemical markers diagnostic for the differentiation of PGF, PQF, and PNF. Key parameters affecting chromatographic separation and MS detection were optimized in sequence. Forty-two batches of flower bud samples were analyzed in negative high-definition MSE (HDMSE; enabling three-dimensional separations). Efficient metabolomics data processing was performed by Progenesis QI (Waters, Milford, MA, USA), while pattern-recognition chemometrics was applied for species classification and potential markers discovery. Reference compounds comparison, analysis of both HDMSE and targeted MS/MS data, and retrieval of an in-house ginsenoside library, were simultaneously utilized for the identification of discovered potential markers. Satisfactory conditions for metabolite profiling were achieved on a BEH Shield RP18 column and Vion™ IMS-QTOF instrument (Waters; by setting the capillary voltage of 1.0 kV and the cone of voltage 20 V) within 37 min. A total of 32 components were identified as the potential markers, of which Rb3, Ra1, isomer of m-Rc/m-Rb2/m-Rb3, isomer of Ra1/Ra2, Rb1, and isomer of Ra3, were the most important for differentiating among PGF, PQF, and PNF. Conclusively, UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS-based metabolomics is a powerful tool for the authentication of TCM at the metabolome level.
Spectra–Structure Correlations in Isotopomers of Ethanol (CX3CX2OX; X = H, D): Combined Near-Infrared and Anharmonic Computational Study
Authors: Beć Krzysztof B. , Grabska Justyna , Huck Christian W. , Czarnecki Mirosław A.
Published: June 2019

The effect of isotopic substitution on near-infrared (NIR) spectra has not been studied in detail. With an exception of few major bands, it is difficult to follow the spectral changes due to complexity of NIR spectra. Recent progress in anharmonic quantum mechanical calculations allows for accurate reconstruction of NIR spectra. Taking this opportunity, we carried out a systematic study of NIR spectra of six isotopomers of ethanol (CX3CX2OX; X = H, D). Besides, we calculated the theoretical spectra of two other isotopomers (CH3CD2OD and CD3CH2OD) for which the experimental spectra are not available. The anharmonic calculations were based on generalized vibrational second-order perturbation theory (GVPT2) at DFT and MP2 levels with several basis sets. We compared the accuracy and efficiency of various computational methods. It appears that the best results were obtained with B2PLYP-GD3BJ/def2-TZVP//CPCM approach. Our simulations included the first and second overtones, as well as binary and ternary combinations bands. This way, we reliably reproduced even minor bands in the spectra of diluted samples (0.1 M in CCl4). On this basis, the effect of isotopic substitution on NIR spectra of ethanol was accurately reproduced and comprehensively explained.
Variable and Variant Protein Multigene Families in Babesia bovis Persistence
Authors: Allred David
Published: June 2019

Cattle infected with Babesia bovis face a bifurcated fate: Either die of the severe acute infection, or survive and carry for many years a highly persistent but generally asymptomatic infection. In this review, the author describes known and potential contributions of three variable or highly variant multigene-encoded families of proteins to persistence in the bovine host, and the mechanisms by which variability arises among these families. Ramifications arising from this variability are discussed.
Molecular Characterization of a New Virus Species Identified in Yam (Dioscorea spp.) by High-Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Silva Gonçalo , Bömer Moritz , Rathnayake Ajith I. , Sewe Steven O. , Visendi Paul , Oyekanmi Joshua O. , Quain Marian D. , Akomeah Belinda , Kumar P. Lava , Seal Susan E.
Published: June 2019

To date, several viruses of different genera have been reported to infect yam (Dioscorea spp.). The full diversity of viruses infecting yam, however, remains to be explored. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods are increasingly being used in the discovery of new plant viral genomes. In this study, we employed HTS on yam to determine whether any undiscovered viruses were present that would restrict the international distribution of yam germplasm. We discovered a new virus sequence present in 31 yam samples tested and have tentatively named this virus “yam virus Y” (YVY). Twenty-three of the samples in which YVY was detected showed mosaic and chlorotic leaf symptoms, but Yam mosaic virus was also detected in these samples. Complete genome sequences of two YVY viral isolates were assembled and found to contain five open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes a large replication-associated protein, ORF2, ORF3 and ORF4 constitute the putative triple gene block proteins, and ORF5 encodes a putative coat protein. Considering the species demarcation criteria of the family Betaflexiviridae, YVY should be considered as a novel virus species in the family Betaflexiviridae. Further work is needed to understand the association of this new virus with any symptoms and yield loss and its implication on virus-free seed yam production.
Benzoxazine Containing Fluorinated Aromatic Ether Nitrile Linkage: Preparation, Curing Kinetics and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Chen Sijing , Ren Dengxun , Li Bo , Li Kui , Chen Lin , Xu Mingzhen , Liu Xiaobo
Published: June 2019

Benzoxazine containing fluorinated aromatic ether nitrile linkage (FAEN-Bz) had been synthesized from 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, 4,4’-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol (bisphenol AF), 3-Aminophenol, formaldehyde, phenol by condensation polymerization and Mannich ring-forming reaction. Structures of the monomer were verified by Proton NMR spectrum (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Curing behaviors and curing kinetics of designed monomers were investigated and discussed. The activation energy was calculated and possible polymerization mechanisms were also proposed. Then, properties of cured polymers including crosslinking degrees, thermal decomposition, surface wettability and energy, and dielectric properties were studied and discussed. Additionally, programmed integral decomposition temperature (IPDT) was also used to evaluate the thermal stability of final polymers. Results indicated that the incorporation of benzoxazine and nitrile resulted in increased thermal stability and char yields. Moreover, the surface wettability and dielectric properties of poly(FAEN-Bz) can be easily controlled by tuning the curing temperatures and time.
Hydrodynamic Properties of Polymers Screening the Electrokinetic Flow: Insights from a Computational Study
Authors: Wu Peng , Sun Tao , Jiang Xikai , Kondrat Svyatoslav
Published: June 2019

Understanding the hydrodynamic properties of polymeric coatings is crucial for the rational design of molecular transport involving polymeric surfaces and is relevant to drug delivery, sieving, molecular separations, etc. It has been found that the hydrodynamic radius of a polymer segment is an order of magnitude smaller than its physical size, but the origin of this effect does not seem to be well understood. Herein, we study the hydrodynamic properties of polymeric coatings by using molecular dynamics simulations, navigated by the continuous Navier-Stokes-Brinkman model. We confirm that the averaged hydrodynamic radius of a polymer bead is about one order of magnitude smaller than its physical radius, and, in addition, we show that it exhibits a strong dependence on the degree of polymerization. We relate this variation of the hydrodynamic radius to the structural properties and hydrodynamic shielding by surrounding polymer beads. This is done by separating the effects originating from near and far beads. For the near beads, shielding is mainly due to the two nearest beads (of the same polymer) and leads to about a 5-fold reduction in the hydrodynamic radius. Assuming the additivity of the hydrodynamic shielding by far beads, we suggest a simple model, which captures correctly the qualitative behaviour of the hydrodynamic radius with the degree of polymerization. The revealed shielding effects provide important insights relevant to the advanced modelling of hydrodynamic properties of polymeric coatings.
Towards Automatic Segmentation and Recognition of Multiple Precast Concrete Elements in Outdoor Laser Scan Data
Authors: Liu Jiepeng , Li Dongsheng , Feng Liang , Liu Pengkun , Wu Wenbo
Published: June 2019

To date, to improve construction quality and efficiency and reduce environmental pollution, the use of precast concrete elements (PCEs) has become popular in civil engineering. As PCEs are manufactured in a batch manner and possess complicated shapes, traditional manual inspection methods cannot meet today’s requirements in terms of production rate of PCEs. The manual inspection of PCEs needs to be conducted one by one after the production, resulting in the excessive storage of finished PCEs in the storage yards. Therefore, many studies have proposed the use of terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) for the quality inspection of PCEs. However, all these studies focus on the data of a single PCE or a single surface of PCE, which is acquired from a unique or predefined scanning angle. It is thus still inefficient and impractical in reality, where hundred types of PCEs with different properties may exist. Taking this cue, this study proposes to scan multiple PCEs simultaneously to improve the inspection efficiency by using TLSs. In particular, a segmentation and recognition approach is proposed to automatically extract and identify the different types of PCEs in a large amount of outdoor laser scan data. For the data segmentation, 3D data is first converted into 2D images. Image processing is then combined with radially bounded nearest neighbor graph (RBNN) algorithm to speed up the laser scan data segmentation. For the PCE recognition, based on the as-designed models of PCEs in building information modeling (BIM), the proposed method uses a coarse matching and a fine matching to recognize the type of each PCE data. To the best of our knowledge, no research work has been conducted on the automatic recognition of PCEs from a million or even ten million of the outdoor laser scan points, which contain many different types of PCEs. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, experimental studies have been conducted on the PCE outdoor laser scan data, considering the shape, type, and amount of PCEs. In total, 22 PCEs including 12 different types are involved in this paper. Experiment results confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach for automatic segmentation and recognition of different PCEs.
Precise Onboard Real-Time Orbit Determination with a Low-Cost Single-Frequency GPS/BDS Receiver
Authors: Gong Xuewen , Guo Lei , Wang Fuhong , Zhang Wanwei , Sang Jizhang , Ge Maorong , Schuh Harald
Published: June 2019

The low-cost single-frequency GNSS receiver is one of the most economical and affordable tools for the onboard real-time navigation of numerous remote sensing small/micro satellites. We concentrate on the algorithm and experiments of onboard real-time orbit determination (RTOD) based on a single-frequency GPS/BDS receiver. Through various experiments of processing the real single-frequency GPS/BDS measurements from the Yaogan-30 (YG30) series and FengYun-3C (FY3C) satellites of China, some critical aspects of the onboard RTOD are investigated, such as the optimal force models setting, the effect of different measurements, and the impact of GPS/BDS fusion. The results demonstrate that a gravity model truncated to 55 × 55 order/degree for YG30 and 45 × 45 for FY3C and compensated with an optimal stochastic modeling of empirical accelerations, which minimize the onboard computational load and only result in a slight loss of orbit accuracy, is sufficient to obtain high-precision real-time orbit results. Under the optimal force models, the real-time orbit accuracy of 0.4–0.7 m for position and 0.4–0.7 mm/s for velocity is achievable with the carrier-phase-based solution, while an inferior real-time orbit accuracy of 0.8–1.6 m for position and 0.9–1.7 mm/s for velocity is achieved with the pseudo-range-based solution. Furthermore, although the GPS/BDS fusion only makes little change to the orbit accuracy, it increases the number of visible GNSS satellites significantly, and thus enhances the geometric distribution of GNSS satellites that help suppress the local orbit errors and improves the reliability and availability of the onboard RTOD, especially in some anomalous arcs where only a few GPS satellites are trackable.
An Expert System for Quantification of Bradykinesia Based on Wearable Inertial Sensors
Authors: Bobić Vladislava , Djurić-Jovičić Milica , Dragašević Nataša , Popović Mirjana B. , Kostić Vladimir S. , Kvaščev Goran
Published: June 2019

Wearable sensors and advanced algorithms can provide significant decision support for clinical practice. Currently, the motor symptoms of patients with neurological disorders are often visually observed and evaluated, which may result in rough and subjective quantification. Using small inertial wearable sensors, fine repetitive and clinically important movements can be captured and objectively evaluated. In this paper, a new methodology is designed for objective evaluation and automatic scoring of bradykinesia in repetitive finger-tapping movements for patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism. The methodology comprises several simple and repeatable signal-processing techniques that are applied for the extraction of important movement features. The decision support system consists of simple rules designed to match universally defined criteria that are evaluated in clinical practice. The accuracy of the system is calculated based on the reference scores provided by two neurologists. The proposed expert system achieved an accuracy of 88.16% for files on which neurologists agreed with their scores. The introduced system is simple, repeatable, easy to implement, and can provide good assistance in clinical practice, providing a detailed analysis of finger-tapping performance and decision support for symptom evaluation.
A Prototype to Detect the Alcohol Content of Beers Based on an Electronic Nose
Authors: Voss Henike Guilherme Jordan , Mendes Júnior José Jair Alves , Farinelli Murilo Eduardo , Stevan Sergio Luiz
Published: June 2019

Due to the emergence of new microbreweries in the Brazilian market, there is a need to construct equipment to quickly and accurately identify the alcohol content in beverages, together with a reduced marketing cost. Towards this purpose, the electronic noses prove to be the most suitable equipment for this situation. In this work, a prototype was developed to detect the concentration of ethanol in a high spectrum of beers presents in the market. It was used cheap and easy-to-acquire 13 gas sensors made with a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS). Samples with 15 predetermined alcohol contents were used for the training and construction of the models. For validation, seven different commercial beverages were used. The correlation (R2) of 0.888 for the MLR (RMSE = 0.45) and the error of 5.47% for the ELM (RMSE = 0.33) demonstrate that the equipment can be an effective tool for detecting the levels of alcohol contained in beverages.
Estimating Urban Shared-Bike Trips with Location-Based Social Networking Data
Authors: Yang Fan , Ding Fan , Qu Xu , Ran Bin
Published: June 2019

Dockless shared-bikes have become a new transportation mode in major urban cities in China. Excessive number of shared-bikes can occupy a significant amount of roadway surface and cause trouble for pedestrians and auto vehicle drivers. Understanding the trip pattern of shared-bikes is essential in estimating the reasonable size of shared-bike fleet. This paper proposed a methodology to estimate the shared-bike trip using location-based social network data and conducted a case study in Nanjing, China. The ordinary least square, geographically weighted regression (GWR) and semiparametric geographically weighted regression (SGWR) methods are used to establish the relationship among shared-bike trip, distance to the subway station and check ins in different categories of the point of interest (POI). This method could be applied to determine the reasonable number of shared-bikes to be launched in new places and economically benefit in shared-bike management.
Heterogenous Energy Consumption Behavior by Firm Size: Evidence from Korean Environmental Regulations
Authors: Lee Jaeseok , Yu Jongmin
Published: June 2019

We analyze the interdependencies between energy usage, energy costs, renewable energy shares, economic growth, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Korean industrial sector by employing a time-series panel vector model. Although the topic itself about has been classic one, our research to investigate diverse dynamics between large and small-mid size businesses using micro-firm level data is the first study in literature. Since firms with different sizes are put in different policy circumstances, the aggregate-level data analysis could possibly disregard the effectiveness of environmental & renewable policies and underestimate the policy sensitivity of firms. Our findings demonstrate that the increase in energy consumption in larger firms has a greater impact on their energy costs and GHG emissions than for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Moreover, it has a significant effect on GDP. Also, the increase in renewable energy shares only has a significant influence on the energy consumption and GHG emission levels of large firms.
Tuning the Electrical Properties of Electrospun Nanofibers with Hybrid Nanomaterials for Detecting Isoborneol in Water Using an Electronic Tongue
Authors: Migliorini Fernanda L. , Teodoro Kelcilene B. R. , Scagion Vanessa P. , dos Santos Danilo M. , Fonseca Fernando J. , Mattoso Luiz H. C. , Correa Daniel S.
Published: June 2019

The presence of contaminants in water is a subject of paramount importance nowadays, which can make water improper to human consumption even when these contaminants are present at very low concentrations, causing health issues and economic losses. In this work, we evaluated the performance of nanocomposites based on nylon 6,6/chitosan electrospun nanofibers modified by cellulose nanowhiskers combined with functional materials like silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and reduced graphene oxide to be used as sensing layers of an electronic tongue (e-tongue) to detect Isoborneol. This compound, found in some plants and essential oils, is used as a natural repellent and also to produce many other chemicals. Additionally, its chemical structure is related to that of 2-methylisoborneol, a critical pollutant in aqueous media. The synergism between the nanomaterials combined with electrospun nanofibers could be verified by the enhancement of the charge transference ability. Additionally, electrical capacitance data measured with the impedimetric e-tongue were treated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and revealed the sensing system was able to discriminate samples contaminated with Isoborneol at nanomolar concentrations. Moreover, the electronic tongue system could detect Isoborneol in real water samples under different concentrations.
The Interplay between Host Innate Immunity and Hepatitis E Virus
Authors: Li Yang , Qu Changbo , Yu Peifa , Ou Xumin , Pan Qiuwei , Wang Wenshi
Published: June 2019

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection represents an emerging global health issue, whereas the clinical outcomes vary dramatically among different populations. The host innate immune system provides a first-line defense against the infection, but dysregulation may partially contribute to severe pathogenesis. A growing body of evidence has indicated the active response of the host innate immunity to HEV infection both in experimental models and in patients. In turn, HEV has developed sophisticated strategies to counteract the host immune system. In this review, we aim to comprehensively decipher the processes of pathogen recognition, interferon, and inflammatory responses, and the involvement of innate immune cells in HEV infection. We further discuss their implications in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms and developing antiviral therapies.
Advanced Supervisory Control System Implemented at Full-Scale WWTP—A Case Study of Optimization and Energy Balance Improvement
Authors: Drewnowski Jakub
Published: June 2019

In modern and cost-effective Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), processes such as aeration, chemical feeds and sludge pumping are usually controlled by an operating system integrated with online sensors. The proper verification of these data-driven measurements and the control of different unit operations at the same time has a strong influence on better understanding and accurately optimizing the biochemical processes at WWTP—especially energy-intensive biological parts (e.g., the nitrification zone/aeration system and denitrification zone/internal recirculation). In this study, by integrating a new powerful PreviSys with data driven from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) software and advanced algorithms such as Model Predictive Control (MPC) by using the WEST computer platform, it was possible to conduct different operation strategies for optimizing and improving the energy balance at a full-scale “Klimzowiec” WWTP located in Chorzow (Southern Poland). Moreover, the novel concept of double-checking online data-driven measurements (from installed DO, NO3, NH4 sensors, etc.) by mathematical modelling and computer simulation predictions was applied in order to check the data uncertainty and develop a support operator system (SOS)—an additional tool for the widely-used in-operation and control of modern and cost-effective WWTPs. The results showed that by using sophisticated PreviSys technology, a better understanding and accurate optimization of biochemical processes, as well as more sustainable WWTP operation, can be achieved.
POLÍTICA BRASILEIRA DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A GERAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS E SUA GESTÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE PALMAS-TO
Authors: Rocha Suyene Monteiro da , Rocha Renata Rodrigues de Castro , Lustosa Kárita Barros
Published: June 2019

Nas últimas quatro décadas, governantes têm se reunido com o objetivo de encontrar caminhos para a problemática ambiental, que tem se intensificado. Um dos mecanismos vislumbrados tem sido a edição de políticas públicas que surgem no cenário com o objetivo de mitigar os resultados vividos no presente, fruto do desenvolvimento desordenado de centros urbanos, uso indiscriminado de insumos e sólido. Assim, este trabalho tem como objeto a análise da Lei nº 12.305, de 2010, que instituiu a Política Brasileira de Resíduos Sólidos, sob a perspectiva da gestão de resíduos. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho centra-se no estudo de exploração excessiva de recursos ambientais. Ante as inúmeras problemáticas que se apresentam no ambiente urbano, o presente trabalho se volta para reflexões acerca da Política Brasileira de Resíduos, que se apoiam nas técnicas documental e bibliográfica, evidenciando o seu caráter descritivo.  A pesquisa aborda, ainda, a temática Resíduos Sólidos na Região Norte, analisando a geração/coleta de resíduos na Região, no período de 2012-2015, dados esses também que foram coletados e analisados no que se refere ao Município de Palmas-TO, para então verificar a constituição do plano de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos da referida municipalidade.  O resultado do estudo evidencia um Plano em processo de implantação no que concerne à gestão e manejo dos resíduos sólidos no Município de Palmas-TO.
A VIDA NUA DOS DOENTES MENTAIS ENCARCERADOS NO TOCANTINS: EXTENSÃO DO Ζωή e HOMO SACER NA SOCIEDADE MODERNA
Authors: Oliveira Tarsis Barreto , Costa Bernardino Cosobeck da
Published: June 2019

Trata-se de um estudo de caso a partir dos Autos do Processo da Ação Civil Pública nº 0000017-04.2017.827.2721, que tramita na 1ª Vara Civil da Comarca de Guaraí, estado do Tocantins, Brasil, tendo como objeto os doentes mentais, desprovidos de medicação e acompanhamento psiquiátrico, em situação de encarceramento. Registra-se, nesta pesquisa, uma realidade de coisificação do homem, cenário onde homens são postos à própria sorte, em que, por exemplo, verifica-se a ingestão de excrementos, ausência de leito, dentre outras condições degradantes. Assim, o sentido do presente artigo é investigar quais as estruturas que mantêm esta problemática, partindo-se de teóricos como Giorgio Agamben e Jürgen Habermas, dente outros, a fim de buscar compreender as estruturas que mantêm esta realidade.
LA CRISIS DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS: NECESIDAD DE UN CAMBIO DE DISCURSO Y ESTRATEGIAS
Authors: Redondo Elvira Domínguez
Published: June 2019

El discurso de los derechos humanos está siendo vilipendiado por movimientos populistas cuyas posturas son incorporadas en mayor o menor medida por gobiernos preocupados por mantener su cuota en las urnas. A escala internacional, esta vulnerabilidad de los sistemas de promoción y protección de los derechos humanos se refleja en el éxito de sistemas de monitoreo controlado por actores gubernamentales  en lugar de expertos. Esto se hace particularmente visible en la tarea desarrollada por los titulares de los procedimientos públicos especiales y el Examen Periódico Universal, ambos mecanismos dependientes del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas. El artículo invita a la reflexión sobre las causas que han llevado a esta situación. También sugiere que debe existir un  cambio de estrategia para conservar la importancia y avances logrados por la agenda de los derechos humanos. Es necesario incorporar técnicas de cooperación con los gobiernos en lugar de una atención exclusiva en mecanismos de movilización de la vergüenza.
DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A ATUAÇÃO DAS TRANSNACIONAIS
Authors: Oliveira Jeferson Sousa
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho analisa a necessidade de adoção do desenvolvimento sustentável como diretriz da atividade econômica, com vista a proteger a dignidade humana e o meio ambiente, a partir do processo de globalização e da atuação das companhias transnacionais. Dessa forma, busca-se contribuir com as discussões sobre o tema, abordando a necessidade de incentivar a proteção ambiental e demonstrar que o lucro não deve ser o único objetivo da atividade empresarial. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, valendo-se de estudos bibliográficos sobre o tema proposto. Por fim, verificou-se que o desenvolvimento sustentável é a melhor maneira de garantir o crescimento econômico sem colocar em risco o meio ambiente para a presente e às futuras gerações.
JUIZ POETA: PODE (DEVE) UM MAGISTRADO DECIDIR EM VERSO?
Authors: Saraiva Rute
Published: June 2019

Em junho de 2015, um juiz tocantinense sentencia em forma de poema. Naturalmente, a forma da decisão suscita pasmo e a inevitável pergunta: Pode um magistrado decidir em verso? Aqui, procura-se responder a esta questão, considerando os ensinamentos do movimento de Law and Literature, eventuais precedentes e enquadramento jurídico brasileiro e indagando sobre possíveis motivações poéticas.
A INTERFERÊNCIA DA POLÍTICA NEOLIBERAL NO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL AO TRABALHO
Authors: Barbosa Vinícius Gozdecki Quirino
Published: June 2019

O objeto do presente artigo é analisar o programa neoliberal, verificar suas peculiaridades, para assim compreender de que forma este age e interfere na classe trabalhadora, tendo em vista o aumento de desemprego, a eliminação de direitos sociais, a precarização de mão de obra, a terceirização na administração pública (em especial o caso da Caixa Econômica Federal, com base em decisões de Tribunais Regionais do Trabalho), o favorecimento à propriedade privada, bem como a privatização. Não basta haver trabalho, mas sim que este seja decente, tendo em vista que é um direito social fundamental destacado pela Constituição Federal. Ora, se esses métodos mencionados ocorrerem, não se pode falar em trabalho digno, pois há clara interferência do neoliberalismo no direito fundamental ao trabalho. Os direitos fundamentais do trabalhador são mais importantes que o capital, mas inúmeros empresários agem de maneira equivocada, tendo em vista que em primeiro lugar o empregador visa ao capital e à produção.
МОДА І ПОЛІТИЧНА СОЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ У СУЧАСНОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ: ОСНОВНІ НАПРЯМИ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ
Authors: Воронкова А. І.
Published: June 2019

Progressive concepts of the political socialization in the modern scientific discourse are viewed in the article. Firstly, some concrete attempts have been made to analyze basic ways of the influence of fashion on the political socialization in the conditions of the development of the modern society. Within the framework it has been stated that the political socialization is a process which is featured by systematic nature. In other words, one change influences on other elements that all together form one unique complex (it can be either a subject of the political socialization’s realization or one of factors that changes the process of its realization). Secondly, it has been assumed that fashion as a phenomenon of the social and political reality also has systematic nature. Consequently, if a change in one of its forms occurs it will provoke some «movements» in its «body». The main point about its development is the confrontation of opposite systematic patterns: the consolidation of the existing hierarchy of relationships and the change of already formed structural and status positions. Fashion does not exist off the area of its functioning and the surrounding, indeed, it needs to be in them, to be their common point. Moreover, relationships between fashion and the surrounding also have systematic nature. In addition, it should be noticed that fashion as a systematic phenomenon influences on progressive processes in all subsystems of the social life. The political socialization is not an exception. For to concretize, the notion is one of the basic processes of the political sphere’s functioning and happens when a person deals with the social political system in the context of his or her transformation into an individual, a citizen. In conclusion, we should precise that in particular volume fashion influences on all main and structural components of this complex and multilevel process, but due to actual conditions of the development of the society the most valuable trends of the realization of the political socialization are considered to be the formation of the political consciousness and changes in variants of individual and collective political behavior.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ОСНОВИ ЕЛЕКТОРАЛЬНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ
Authors: Поліщук І. О.
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the consideration of the concept and conceptual basis of electoral culture. Analyzing various scientific models of this category, the author presents his version of the concept of electoral culture. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the study of the realities of transitive societies. The main purpose of this article is to carry out demarcation and determine the subordination between the categories «political» and «electoral» culture. The study of the electoral culture of transitional societies is evident in the following circumstances. The phenomenon of a transitive society has long been at the center of the attention of researchers. To date, dozens or even hundreds of different scientific theories have been developed that are trying to describe and explain the complex phenomenon mentioned. The people as the only source of power, voting for representatives of certain political forces, determine the personal composition of the political elite and prefer a certain program of development of society. The election is the only possible and only recognized procedure in the civilized world for legitimizing state power and is a universal criterion for determining progress in the development of one or another political system. It is concluded that in electoral circles in electoral circles, electoral culture is an indispensable indicator that allows us to understand the state of development of their political culture in a certain historical period. The restriction of the conceptual field of political culture by the sphere of electoral culture makes it possible to isolate the stratum of «living» participation in the policy of citizens who only master various forms of democratic participation in the political process of transitional regimes.
АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО–ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИЙ УСТРІЙ В УКРАЇНІ: ОСНОВНІ ЕТАПИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА ЇХНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
Authors: Стогова О. В.
Published: June 2019

The author of the article analyzed the main stages of the formation of the administrative-territorial structure of Ukraine. The main works on the study of these issues are considered. The author notes that the characteristics of the main stages of the formation of the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine and the study of the influence on the current state and prospects of development remain out of researchers’ attention. The basic characteristics of the main stages of the formation of the administrative-territorial structure are highlighted, the essential disadvantages and advantages are identified. Particular attention is paid to the period of independence of Ukraine. The main legal acts which regulating the administrative-territorial structure of modern Ukraine are investigated. The analysis of the main stages of the formation of the administrative-territorial system in Ukraine makes it possible to draw the following conclusions: principles of administrative-territorial division and its purpose during XX century were fundamentally different from those which are advanced by the modern constitutional and democratic states, all attempts to reform the territorial organization of power during the twentieth century had the purpose to create a model which convenient to be managed from the center. Each stage is characterized by compliance with the requirements of the current political system, but not by the desire to meet the needs of citizens. In result of the European choice of Ukraine it was the need to introduce European standards into the system of regional and local development and the formation of effective local self-government. It has been established that the goal of the administrative-territorial structure is to provide citizens the maximum amount of quality services by authorities at all levels of government.
ПОНЯТТЯ ТА СУТНІСТЬ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНКЛЮЗІЇ У СОЦІАЛЬНІЙ РОБОТІ
Authors: Стрельнікова О. О.
Published: June 2019

The present article is devoted to the problems of inclusion in modern Ukrainian society. The concept and essence of inclusion are studied from the point of view of the theory of social comprehension (of the essence of inclusive group), dynamics of social structure and social interactions. The inclusion is divided into social and educational forms according to the modern approaches to considering types of inclusion. The main forms of inclusion are analyzed from the point of view of pedagogical and social sciences. Special attention is given to the social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society. The comparative analysis of the categories «integration» and «inclusion» is carried out and the main common and distinctive features of these categories are determined in the article. It is said that social inclusion can be analyzed only in context of social exclusion, because they are both parts of the same social process. The potential of such further analysis are researched. The peculiarities of the process of social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society are analyzed. The main characteristics of social inclusion are described in the article on the basis of analysis of modern scientific literature. Special attention is given to the social inclusion in social work and social science. From the point of view of socio-pedagogical science social inclusion is analyzed as democratic action about comprehension somebody or the whole social group into some activity or cultural process. Social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society becomes social mechanism, some kind of an instrument, aimed at overcoming the barriers and constraints on the path to social well-being, which radically changes the existing state social politics. The results of the research are used in the social work, pedagogical and social sciences.
Analysis of Heavy Metal in Water used for Irrigation, Soil and Some Vegetables grown around Tin Mine Areas of Heipang District, Barkin-Ladi Local Government of Plateau State
Authors: Ijeomah Agustina Onyebuchi , Vesuwe Rebecca Ngoholve , Pam Bitrus
Published: June 2019

Vegetables growing in mining areas have become a serious food safety concern because of the high levels of heavy metals always associated with mining. In this study, water used for irrigation, soil, cabbage, green pepper and green beans grown in tin mine areas of Heipang District, Barkin-Ladi LGA of Plateau State were analyzed for lead, cadmium and zinc, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of the heavy metals in water, soil, vegetables were all in the order Pb, >> Cd > Zn. In the vegetables, the order was: Pb → cabbage > green beans > green pepper; Cd → green beans > cabbage > green pepper; Zn → cabbage > green pepper = green beans. The transfer factors for all the metals (heavy metal in plant / heavy metal in soil) ranged from 0.95 to 1.48. There were high levels of Pb and Cd in all the vegetables, which may be attributed to the metals in the water used for irrigation. Whilst the concentration of Zn in all the samples were lower than recommended limits, the levels of Pb and Cd in the water, soil and vegetables were higher than the WHO/FEPA standard recommended limits reported for vegetables. The Cd concentrations of the vegetables also exceeded the tolerance thresholds for animals and human beings and therefore consumption of vegetable from the area would endanger the health of the population.
Ortaokul Türkçe Ders Kitaplarındaki Metinlerin Değer Aktarımı Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: BAKİ Yasemin
Published: June 2019

Türkçe dersi ortaokul kitaplarında yaşayan ve evrensel değer
aktarımının incelenmesinin amaçlandığı bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden
doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde
amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi
kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntemle 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında kullanılan 5, 6, 7
ve 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan okuma metinleri ve şiirlerin tümü
incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında incelenen metinlerdeki değerlerin tespit
edilmesinde UNESCO Değer Listesi, Yaşayan Değerler Listesi ve Rokeach’ın Değer
Sınıflandırması kullanılmıştır. Veriler betimsel analiz yoluyla incelenmiştir.
Araştırma sonucunda ortaokul Türkçe ders kitaplarında en çok kullanılan değerlerin;
estetik, sevgi, nezaket, çalışkanlık; en az kullanılan değerlerin ise barış,
sadelik, alçakgönüllülük, hoşgörü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca incelenen
Türkçe ders kitaplarında değer aktarımının niceliksel olarak yoğun bir şekilde
yapıldığı ancak sınıf düzeyleri açısından ders kitaplarındaki temalar ve
değerlerin tam olarak örtüşmediği, bazı değerlere hiç yer verilmediği ve
değerlerin gerek sınıf gerekse temalara dağılımında bir sistematik yapılanmanın
olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.