bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperativas de viviendas cerradas y diferenciación socio-residencial. El caso de la comuna de Viña del Mar
Authors: Valdebenito-Valdebenito Carlos , Aránguiz Luis Álvarez , Dattwyler Rodrigo Hidalgo , Constela Carlos Vergara
Published: July 2020

Resumen El artículo presenta la actuación urbana de las cooperativas de vivienda cerrada en la ciudad de Viña del Mar (Chile) durante la última década del siglo XX, las cuales son puestas en diálogo y tensión con los procesos urbanos acaecidos en este territorio. A través de enfoques conceptuales que abordan la ciudad neoliberal y el estudio de la diferenciación socio-residencial del espacio urbano, se busca dar una lectura al lugar que ocupan estas cooperativas. Mediante una metodología cuantitativa descriptiva y multivariada que pretende especificar la construcción de viviendas por parte de las cooperativas y dar cuenta de la distribución espacial de la población respectivamente, se caracteriza el desarrollo de las cooperativas en tanto localización, morfología, superficie construida e inversión, para luego discutir su emplazamiento con algunas de las principales lecturas urbanas sobre la diferenciación socio-residencial. Se concluye con que la huella de las cooperativas de vivienda se difumina y se confunde con el establecimiento de la oferta inmobiliaria privada, donde, si bien los mecanismos de consecución de la vivienda distan en materia de gestión del suelo y asociatividad, ambas formas poseen variadas semejanzas tales como la presencia de espacios públicos privados, el establecimiento de fronteras físicas, la fragmentación de la trama urbana y mecanismos de acceso controlado.
Redescription and new records of Synopia ultramarina Dana (Amphipoda: Synopiidae) from off the northeastern Brazil, with comments on its morphological variations
Authors: Senna André R. , Andrade Luiz F. , Guedes Urssula N. , Pereira-Filho Guilherme H.
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT Synopia ultramarina Dana, 1853 is considered a circumtropical species and was originally described based on material collected from two localities near halfway between the southwestern Africa and northeastern Brazil. The species is redescribed here with samples from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil. The material examined was collected by SCUBA diving, from rhodolith beds, in Ressureta Channel, between Meio and Rata Islands. Additional material was collected from off Ceará state coast, during environmental consultancies, by Petrobras S. A., and off Pernambuco state coast, during the Project REVIZEE NE IV. Discussion on morphological variations of the species is presented, based on the studied material and previous descriptions in the literature.
Interests, limits and possibilities of curricular structures in physical therapy
Authors: Sumiya Alberto , Fujisawa Dirce Shizuko , Albuquerque Leila Marrach Basto de
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction: In Brazil, the field of physical therapy education has undergone transformations with regard to curricular models. However, changes require conscious, collective efforts to align multiple interests and achieve agreed goals, which usually do not occur without conflicts. Objective: To verify the tensions involving the curricular changes in a physical therapy course based on the concepts of field, habitus and capital of Pierre Bourdieu. Method: Qualitative study with field observation and interviews with teachers using a semi-structured script and content analysis. Results: Much internal resistance was observed, which prevented the process of change from expanding. Key disciplines were created with the aim to interconnect the curriculum matrix and favor content integration; however, these disciplines functioned, ultimately, like any other. Conclusion: Teachers continued to play by the rules of the field unaware of its determinations, that is, the agents’ habitus reflected the existing structure without changing the practices, and the discipline curriculum remained linear.
Physiological response to the Glittre-ADL test in elderly COPD patients
Authors: Fiel Jessica Américo , Sarges Edilene do Socorro Nascimento Falcão , Almeida Clara Narcisa Silva , Teixeira Renato da Costa , Neves Laura Maria Tomazi
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction: The Glittre-ADL (TGlittre) test was developed to assess functional capacity in a group of activities of daily living, but little is known about the physiological responses expected during its implementation. Objective: To evaluate the physiological responses induced by TGlittre in COPD patients and compare them with those induced by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Method: This is a cross-sectional study involving 15 elderly patients with COPD (70±6 years and predicted FEV1 of 47±16%). The TGlittre and 6MWT were performed on two different days, evaluating heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation and perceived exertion in the 1st, 4th and 6th minutes of the 6MWT and at the start, after each lap and the end of TGlittre. After the normality test (Shapiro-Wilk), the Wilcoxon test was applied to compare the functional tests, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient to assess the association between variables. Results: At the end of TGlittre, heart rate was faster than in the 6MWT (106.7±21.9 vs 96.4±16.2bpm, p = 0.02). The other physiological variables were similar at the end of both tests. Heart rate at the end of TGlittre correlated with the final heart rate in the 6MWT (r = 0.69; p = 0.002). Conclusion: TGlittre induced a faster heart rate than in the 6MWT, with increased metabolic demand, but with similar ventilatory responses.
Trunk muscular endurance, lumbar spine mobility and hip flexibility in sailors with and without low back pain
Authors: Araújo Laís Marinho de , Dell’Antonio Elisa , Hubert Marcel , Ruschel Caroline , Roesler Helio , Pereira Suzana Matheus
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most common injuries in sailors. Findings in the literature indicate that poor trunk endurance, flexibility and muscle strength are common in individuals with low back pain (LBP). Objective: Analyze trunk muscle endurance, lumbar spine mobility and hip flexibility in windsurfers with and without low back pain. Method: Sailors of both sexes with at least three years’ experience in the sport answered the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and were submitted to Schober’s test, the passive straight leg raise (PSLR), the modified Thomas test, and isometric endurance assessment of the flexor, extensor and lateral flexor muscles of the torso. The sailors were divided into two groups (with and without LBP) and compared using the Student’s t-test or Mann Whitney U test. Results: Participants were 22 national-level sailors, 11 with low back pain (LBP) and 11 without (NLBP). The LBP group obtained longer holding times for the trunk extensors (p=0.028) and a greater difference in endurance between the right and left sides for lateral trunk muscles (p=0.030). Both groups obtained results below normative values in most of the tests performed. Conclusion: Sailors with low back pain exhibited greater trunk extensor endurance and a larger imbalance between lateral trunk muscles when compared to those with no LBP. Spinal mobility and hip flexibility were similar between groups.
Effects of exergames on trunk balance control in paraplegic patients
Authors: Paula Simone de , Griebeler Kétlin Caroline , Bez Marta Rosecler , Rocha Claudio Felipe Kolling da
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction: Due to motivation and immediate feedback during activities, exergame-based physical therapy may improve trunk balance and functionality in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: evaluate the effects of exergames on the trunk control of paraplegics with spinal cord injury or meningomyelocele. Method: case series involving four paraplegic patients, with SCI or meningomyelocele. Participants underwent a rehabilitation protocol using the exergame Nintendo Wii®, attending one weekly session for 4 weeks. Patients were encouraged to perform trunk movements in the sitting position using the Swordplay and Canoeing games. Data were collected before and after the intervention by applying the functional reach test adapted for trunk control evaluation, and transfer time and propulsion tests for functional assessment. Results: The intervention increased trunk control in 75% of the patients, with improvement varying between 6.4 and 25%. In the propulsion test, the intervention led to a decrease in half of the patients. For the cadence variable, in the same test, there was a reduction in the number of propulsions in 75% of the cases. In the transfer test, the intervention led to reduced chair-to-bed transfer time in all patients. Conclusion: Rehabilitation of paraplegics with the use of exergames can be considered viable, innovative and effective. However, future research with greater methodological rigor should be conducted in order to analyze the clinical applicability of this approach.
Immediate effects of cervical stimulation and diaphragmatic release on vocal production
Authors: Machado Érika Corrêa , Frigo Letícia Fernandez , Bresolin Fernanda Anversa , Lima Joziane Padilha de Moraes , Cielob Carla Aparecida
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction: The voice is heavily influenced by breathing and abdominal muscles. Objective: To verify the immediate effects of cervical stimulation and diaphragmatic release on the respiratory and phonatory function of adult women with no vocal complaints. Method: Relaxation maneuvers and eccentric work of the diaphragm were performed together with articulatory maneuver of the third cervical vertebra. Twenty-four women without vocal complaints, aged between 18 and 35 years were part of the intervention. All volunteers were submitted to an evaluation of respiratory muscle strength, maximum phonation time of the vowel /a/, sound pressure level and acoustic vocal analysis, before and after physiotherapeutic intervention. Statistical analysis consisted of the Student's t-test for independent samples and Spearman's correlation. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: There was a significant increase in the maximum phonation time of the vowel /a/ and in the modal sound pressure level. Regarding the acoustic analysis, there was a reduction in the standard deviation values of the fundamental frequency; in the smoothed pitch disturbance quotient; and in the fundamental frequency and amplitude variations. Conclusion: Cervical stimulation and diaphragmatic release improved vocal quality regarding duration of emission, sound pressure, and stability and noise of the glottic signal.
Biomedical system to evaluate pulmonary function in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis
Authors: Pereira Vanessa Aline , Eldebrando Laryssa , Silva Helton Eckermann da , Eichinger Fernando Luís Fischer , Noveletto Fabricio , Soares Antonio Vinicius
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction: Stroke is a neurological disorder considered the second major cause of death worldwide, leading to severe respiratory dysfunctions, evident in reduced respiratory muscle strength and the presence of muscle imbalances that directly affect the pulmonary mechanics of these patients. Objective: Evaluate the possible metric properties of a biomedical system, the IBI. Method: the study was conducted with 25 hemiparetic stroke patients of both sexes, using a manovacuometer, peak flow, and SG IBI for respiratory measurements. Results: Moderate to strong correlations were observed between the IBI biomedical system and peak flow and manovacuometer measurements, which were smaller than the predicted values. Conclusion: The results suggest that the IBI biomedical system is potentially valid for pulmonary function measurement, sensitive to air flow variations and generates maximum respiratory pressure. As such, it is an important resource for prescribing intensity and controlling progression in pulmonary rehabilitation.
Physiotherapeutic stimulation in infants with Down syndrome to promote crawling
Authors: Santos Gabrielly Rosa dos , Cabral Layana Cardoso , Silva Leticia Rodrigues , Dionisio Jadiane
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder characterized mainly by ligament laxity and hypotonia. Infants with this syndrome have substantial motor retardation also with crawling. To reach this motor milestone, postural control and head and neck control in the prone position are necessary. Seeking to avoid atypical muscular synergies and facilitate the execution of functional activities, the Bobath Concept aims to stimulate weight transfers, promoting motor acquisitions in the prone, supine, sitting and standing positions. Objective: To evaluate and compare crawling before and after the intervention through the Bobath Concept method in infants with DS. Method: A longitudinal, prospective, evaluative and interventional study was carried out. The sample was composed of 4 infants with DS, aged 7 to 24 months. There were three stages of treatment: evaluation in accordance with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS); short term intervention by the Bobath Concept; and re-evaluation using the same scale. Results: According to statistical analysis, there was no significant difference between pre- and post-treatment (t -3.1705, p=0.0504). However, the results obtained by evaluation and reevaluation, showed progress in infants’ activity, the greatest progress being in the prone position. Infant 4 had the most satisfactory result, in percentage, as much as in the prone position (evolving 9.5%), as in general (evolving 22.4%). Conclusion: Infants submitted to intervention with the Bobath Concept obtained evolution in motor development, when comparing before and after therapy.
Remuneração dos Executivos e Desempenho em Empresas Brasileiras Familiares e Não Familiares
Authors: Beuren Ilse Maria , Pamplona Edgar , Leite Maurício
Published: July 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: com o intuito de produzir novos insights acerca dos efeitos da remuneração dos executivos nas empresas, investiga-se a relação da remuneração dos executivos com o desempenho (curto prazo) e a política de investimentos (longo prazo) em empresas brasileiras familiares e não familiares listadas na Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3). Métodos: pesquisa de procedimento documental foi realizada com dados da Economática® e de relatórios das empresas (Relatório da Administração, Formulário de Referência e Notas Explicativas). A amostra de 87 empresas compõe-se de 48 familiares e 39 não familiares. Resultados: indicam que a remuneração variável de curto prazo apresenta relação com desempenho e política de investimentos das empresas, enquanto a remuneração variável de longo prazo não apresentou significância. A remuneração variável de curto prazo revela potencial para maximizar o desempenho das empresas, com impacto mais forte nas não familiares. Em face à política de investimentos, a remuneração variável de curto prazo apresenta relação negativa, mas este efeito é revertido para as empresas não familiares. Conclusão: a remuneração dos executivos pode ser um mecanismo de governança para alinhar os interesses das partes, tanto em empresas familiares como em não familiares. Todavia, seu dimensionamento preciso deve considerar o tipo de propriedade e gestão corporativa.
Effects of Budgetary Participation on Managerial Attitudes, Satisfaction, and Managerial Performance
Authors: Zonatto Vinícius Costa da Silva , Nascimento Juliana Constâncio , Lunardi Micheli Aparecida , Degenhart Larissa
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of budget participation on management attitudes, job satisfaction, and managerial performance of controllers of Brazilian companies. Methodology: a descriptive, survey, and quantitative research was conducted from a sample of 316 individuals with budgetary responsibility. Results: the results indicated that budgetary participation directly and positively influences managerial attitudes toward budgeting, job satisfaction, and controllers’ performance in budget activities. Indirect relationships revealed that managerial attitudes toward budget and job satisfaction mediate the relationship between budgetary participation and managerial performance. It was found that budgetary participation positively influences the level of use of the budget for the purposes of performance evaluation and contributes to the development of budgetary knowledge of managers. Conclusion: the budgetary participation is responsible for important consequences on the attitudes and performance of these professionals. From a managerial point of view, it is essential to understand how the budgeting process can influence the attitudes, satisfaction, and performance of controllers in the budgeting context, since after this understanding, the managerial functions can be improved.
La empatía docente en educación preescolar: un estudio con educadores mexicanos
Authors: Vaquier Laura Margarita Vital , Pérez Valentín Martínez-Otero , González Martha Leticia Gaeta
Published: July 2020

Resumen La empatía, considerada aquí como una competencia cognitivo-emocional docente, es la capacidad de entender y compartir el estado emocional de otras personas y constituye un proceso fundamental para establecer interacciones personales positivas. En el ámbito escolar, la empatía puede permitir a los docentes mejorar las relaciones con sus alumnos en el aula, además de prevenir situaciones de acoso y violencia escolar desde edades tempranas. El objetivo de la investigación que dio origen a este artículo fue analizar la empatía docente en educación preescolar, desde una visión multidimensional. Participaron 110 educadores de cuatro centros de nivel preescolar, ubicados en distintas ciudades del Estado de Puebla, México. Se utilizó el Test de Empatía Cognitiva y Afectiva (TECA) que integra dos dimensiones principales: cognitiva y emocional. Los resultados muestran que los educadores en su mayoría presentan niveles medios de empatía, caracterizada por un pensamiento flexible, adaptabilidad a diferentes situaciones, tolerancia y capacidad para establecer interacciones positivas con los otros. Existen diferencias en las dimensiones de empatía en relación al centro escolar de pertenencia; principalmente en adopción de perspectivas y comprensión empática. A partir de estos datos, se considera necesario plantear medidas formativas para un mayor desarrollo de la empatía en docentes de preescolar, en el contexto mexicano.
Anxiety-related psychological impacts in the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes
Authors: Teixeira Lucas , Freitas Renato Leonardo de , Abad Alberto , Silva Juliana Almeida da , Antonelli-Ponti Mayra , Bastos Sandra , Mármora Cláudia Helena Cerqueira , Campos Luis Antonio Monteiro , Paiva Scheila , Silva José Aparecido da
Published: July 2020

Patients and the general public are under insurmountable psychological pressure which may lead to various psychological problems, such as anxiety, fear, depression, and insomnia, causing, consequently, the impaired quality of life. Psychological crisis intervention plays a pivotal role in the overall deployment of health-related quality of life and disease control. A novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2), a pathogen of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has affected several sector activities, including people's health. To enhance infection control methods, appropriate interventions, and public health policies, the present study aims to assess the fear and peri-traumatic stress during the Covid-19 in Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional survey has been conducted from April 12th to 18th using the Peri-Traumatic Distress Scale (CPDI) and the Fear Scale (FCV-19S) aiming to measure the peri-traumatic stress and fear as psychological reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic. For that purpose, an online spreadsheet was used to send the questionnaire and scales to a sample of 1844 participants as a collecting information tool. After the data analysis, the individuals were separated into 4 groups: Group 1 (1232) population without chronic health conditions; group 2 (298) patients with previous psychological suffering, group 3 (229) patients with cardiovascular diseases, group 4 (71) patients with diabetes. For analysis, G1 and were considered control for comparison with groups 2, 3 and 4 in accordance with One-Way Anova followed by Bonferroni test. Results: All the groups showed the CPDI and FCV-19S increased in comparison with the G1 group. Concerning CPDI, the G 3 was increased when compared to G1, G2 and G4. The G3 had the FCV-19S higher in comparison with G1, G2 and G4. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test showed a statistical difference between the control group in comparison with 2 and 3 groups (Mann-Whitney p< 0.05). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Brazilian population, with patients with heart disease and hypertension presenting the highest numbers of stress and fear, with numbers comparable and even higher than those who reported previous psychological distress.
EL ROMANTICISMO DE EMILIO SALGARI EN EL CORSARIO NEGRO - LA VENGANZA
Authors: Flores Olague Roberto Gerardo
Published: July 2020

En la sociedad occidental actual, la filosofía empieza a reconocer algunos de los elementos representativos del pensamiento romántico, sobre todo en lo concerniente al quebranto de las relaciones que vinculan al hombre con su entorno natural, a la búsqueda de propósito más allá de las miras productivas del mercado y al renovado interés por lo trascendental. Con esa motivación, el presente artículo propone una lectura en clave analítica de la influencia del romanticismo en la novela El corsario negro - La venganza de Emilio Salgari. El análisis, a partir de la propuesta de Domínguez Caparrós, comprende la exposición del entorno del autor, de la corriente romántica y demuestra la presencia de influencias del romanticismo en el estilo y la estructura del relato.
ENFRENTAMENTO A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 POR PARTE DOS GESTORES DE INSTITUIÇÕES DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA PARA IDOSOS NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Wachholz Patrick Alexander , Jacinto Alessandro Ferrari , Melo Ruth Caldeira de , Dinamarca-Montecinos José Luis , Villas Boas Paulo José Fortes
Published: July 2020

Introdução: Pouco se sabe sobre o enfrentamento e mitigação à COVID-19 em serviços de longa permanência para idosos (ILPIs) na América Latina (AL).

Objetivos: Descrever como os gestores de ILPIs na AL planejaram e adequaram suas rotinas de enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19, e se foram capazes de cumprir com as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde(OMS).

Metodologia: Estudo transversal, baseado na aplicação de uma pesquisa online dirigida aos gestores de ILPIs na AL. Um questionário de 46 questões (adotando os princípios da OMS) foi enviado aos participantes. Estatística descritiva foi usada para resumir os dados.

Resultados: 23 gestores responderam a pesquisa (excluídos os respondentes brasileiros), totalizando 874 idosos (5 –270); um questionário foi excluído por falta de respostas. Quatorze ILPIs (63,60%) eram privadas com fins lucrativos. A taxa de adesão às recomendações da OMS foi superior a 70% para a maioria das questões. Pouco mais da metade das instituições elaborou um plano estratégico de enfrentamento, ou identificou estratégias para lidar com óbitos de casos suspeitos. Dificuldade para a aquisição de equipamentos de proteção individual foram relatados por 59,10% das ILPIs investigadas. A capacidade de testagem para o SARS-Cov-2 foi reduzida (36,36% não dispunham de nenhum teste).

Conclusões: A taxa de adesão às recomendações propostas pela OMS para o enfrentamento da COVID-19 foi superior a 70% para a maioria das ILPIs investigadas. Planos estratégicos de enfrentamento foram elaborados em pouco mais da metade das instituições. A disponibilidade de EPIs e a capacidade de testagem para o SARS-Cov-2 mostrou-se bastante insatisfatória.
De Baltimore às “Lavras Diamantinas”: internacionalização/interiorização da saúde na Bahia (1920-1930)
Authors: Batista Ricardo dos Santos
Published: July 2020

Resumo: O artigo analisa o processo simultâneo de internacionalização e interiorização da saúde na Bahia, ao longo da Reforma Sanitária da década de 1920, realizada com auxílio de Antônio Luis Cavalcanti de Albuquerque de Barros Barreto, subsecretário de Saúde e Assistência Pública. Para isso, foi dada ênfase às trajetórias de médicos baianos que foram financiados pela Fundação Rockefeller e ao progressivo conhecimento dos sertões baianos por parte do Estado, que ampliava os postos de saneamento rural e enviava comissões médicas para conter epidemias, mapear o território e as condições de saúde da população. As fontes utilizadas foram relatórios médicos, jornais, teses médicas, fichas de bolsistas e correspondência coletados no Rockefeller Archive Center. Compreende-se que a internacionalização/interiorização da saúde integrou o desenvolvimento da saúde internacional.
Research on the conversion of self-anchoring test data to static loading test data
Authors: Ma Wen-jie , Wang Bing-long , Wang Xu , Zhou Shun-hua , Wang Bo-lin
Published: July 2020

Self-anchoring testing is a new method for testing the bearing capacity of pile foundations. This study compares the results of a self-anchoring test to that of an existing method, static loading testing, by examining the variation rules for the axial force, lateral resistance and Q–s curve of pile foundations using a model test. A non-linear fitting analysis of the pile–soil load transfer during a self-anchoring test was performed using the measured test data, and a new mathematical expression for the pile–soil load transfer was proposed. By drawing on the relationship between the pile body deformation energy and the external force, an energy calculation method was introduced as part of the numerical calculations for the self-anchoring test. By determining the difference in the pile body energy, a calculation method for pile behaviour was established to realise the conversion of self-anchoring test data to static loading test data. The results of an engineering example using the proposed calculation method were found to be basically consistent with the measured data. Therefore, the calculation method was shown to enable the conversion of results from a self-anchoring test to a static loading test.
Dynamic response control of engineering structure equipped with smart compound damper
Authors: Zhan Meng , Zhang Lizhen , Chen Xiuyun , Wang Sheliang
Published: July 2020

To better control engineering structures subjected to external disturbances, such as earthquakes of varying magnitudes, a smart compound damper is developed and its performance is investigated in this paper. Unlike devices for passive control systems without adjustable control force, the dynamic responses of the engineering structure can be more effectively suppressed under seismic excitation by using devices for active control systems that feature active input to the actuators. A compound damper designed in this vein consists of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires and a variable-friction damper that can provide an adjustable control force according to the level of ground motion by changing the voltage of piezoelectric ceramic (PZC) actuators. Numerical simulations of a seismically excited two-storey steel frame structure were implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed SMA/PZC compound damper. A back-propagation neural network model was developed using experimentally obtained data to describe the hysteretic behaviour of the SMA wires. A Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy controller was used to determine the command voltage of the PZC actuators, such that the compound damper could perform well when applied to structural control. The resulting solution, hybrid control modulated with a T-S fuzzy control strategy, was found to be more effective than passive control.
Improved clogging and backwashing model for filtration of arsenic-contaminated water
Authors: Imteaz Monzur Alam , Ahsan Amimul , Kaur Parminder
Published: July 2020

For many remote and under-privileged communities, water filtration is the first step of treatments before boiling and/or other higher level treatments. Clogging is a common unavoidable hindrance to such systems, which causes reduced efficiency with regard to the flow rate of filtered water. Backwashing is commonly used to recover the filtration capacity of clogged filter media. This paper presents an improvement of a previously developed simple clogging and backwashing efficiency model for the third-generation IHE family filter, which was developed by Unesco-IHE Institute for Water Education. The earlier simple model considered a linear decay of flow rate due to clogging in a weekly timestep. With the aim of enhancing the model's accuracy, this work considered three other models (a linear model with a daily timestep, a power function model and an exponential model). The performance of the models was assessed using the root mean squared error and chi-squared (χ2) values derived from predicted and measured flow rates through the device during successive clogging and backwashing periods for up to 4 months. The improvements using the linear 1 day model over the linear 7 day model were insignificant. Among the tested models, the power function model provided the best predictions, with an average χ2 improvement of 33% over the previously developed linear model.
Perceptions of external costs of dust fallout from gold mine tailings: West Wits Basin
Authors: Mpanza Mbalenhle , Adam Elhadi , Moolla Raeesa
Published: July 2020

Mining is important for the South African economy, as it is for many developing African nations. In 2017, mining was reported to contribute 6.8 % to the South African GDP and provided more than 460, 000 jobs. Though mining adds an enormous amount of value to the country, it has significant impacts on the environment and the socio-economic factors of society. The well-documented environmental impact of mining operations on surface and groundwater systems, known as Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), is just one of these environmental impacts. There are also other impacts such as the pollution of agricultural soils, the creation of sinkholes and air pollution. For example, airborne dust remains a persistent problem in South African urban areas due to the climatic conditions, extensive surface mining, unrehabilitated tailings storage facilities and mineral processing. However, very little is reported on the socio-economic costs that are due to poor environmental management. Some scholars assert that despite the Mine Health and Safety Act, deposition monitoring guidelines and national dust regulations, South Africa still experiences persistent dust problems, especially in coal and gold mining districts. This paper investigates the effect of gold mining dust pollution in and around a Gold Mining Village, in South Africa. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used, where a questionnaire and interviews were conducted to examine the Gold Mine Village perceptions on dust pollution and their socio-economic environment. This paper further examines how poor and premature mine closure by liquidation results in unrehabilitated mine tailings and how this has significant impacts on the socio-economic status of individuals and surrounding businesses. The community being investigated in this study, perceives the dust fallout impact to be a socio-economic threat. The paper finds that the community believes it incurs medical financial expenditures due to treating respiratory-related diseases triggered by dust fallout.
PMN- 01a - Isolation of Human PMN from Buffy Coat v3
Authors: Cosentino Marco , Storelli Elisa , Luini Alessandra , Rasini Emanuela , LM Legnaro Massimiliano , Ferrari Marco , Marino Franca
Published: July 2020

Separation of Human Neutrophils (PMN) from Buffy Coat: list of published papers using this protocol - Boydum A. Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Scand.J.Clin.Lab. Invest. 21 (Suppl.97): 77-89, 1968 - Alex Mabou Tagne, Franca Marino, Massimiliano Legnaro, Alessandra Luini, Barbara Pacchetti and Marco Cosentino. A Novel Standardized Cannabis sativa L. Extract and Its Constituent Cannabidiol Inhibit Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Functions. Int J Mol Sci2019 Apr; 20(8): 1833. Published online 2019 Apr 13. doi: 10.3390/ijms20081833. - Angela Scanzano, Laura Schembri, Emanuela Rasini, Alessandra Luini, Jessica Dallatorre, Massimiliano Legnaro, Raffaella Bombelli, Terenzio Congiu, Marco Cosentino, Franca Marino. Adrenergic Modulation of Migration, CD11b and CD18 Expression, ROS and interleukin-8 Production by Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. Inflamm Res. 2015 Feb;64(2):127-35. doi: 10.1007/s00011-014-0791-8. Epub 2015 Jan 6.
COVID-19 ARTIC v3 Illumina library construction and sequencing protocol - high throughput 384 format v1
Authors: Pipelines R&D DNA , Farr Benjamin , Rajan Diana , Dawson Emma , Shirley Lesley , Quail Michael , Park Naomi , F Bronner Iraad , Thurston Scott
Published: July 2020

This SOP describes the procedure for generating cDNA from SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid extracts and subsequently producing 400nt amplicons tiling the viral genome using V3 nCov-2019 primers (ARTIC). This is followed by library construction, equivolume pooling of samples and quantitation, prior to sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq. It offers the benefit of higher density sample processing in 384 format, whilst matching the data quality achieved in 96 format described in the original protocol: https://www.protocols.io/view/covid-19-artic-v3-illumina-library-construction-an-bgxjjxkn Both the above protocols were adapted from the nCov-2019 sequencing protocol: https://www.protocols.io/view/ncov-2019-sequencing-protocol-bbmuik6w
English Language Learning Strategies Adopted by Bachelor Level Students (A Case Study of Nepal)
Authors: Adhikary Ramesh Prasad
Published: July 2020

This research paper is an attempt to find out the difficulties faced by the students of bachelor level in Nepal in learning English language at class. In order to achieve these objectives, two research tools – questionnaire for students and class observation form were prepared. Two colleges of Banke district, Nepalgunj were selected for the collection of data. Twenty-five students were selected from each college. Questionnaires were distributed to the selected students and also classes were observed focusing on the strategies and difficulties of language learning. A very divergent situation was found in the strategies of language learning.  It was varied from students to students. It was found out that the maximum use of memory strategy; they were using other strategies too. It was found that students were facing with different problems in language learning.
An Experimental Study of Teaching English Writing with OBE in Chinese Senior High School
Authors: Li Cuiming , Jiang Fei
Published: July 2020

Writing is a distinctly important language output skill. Students can organize and process the learned language knowledge through writing to realize the re-creation of knowledge. Writing is the best performance of students’ comprehensive use of language ability and it plays an essential role in language instruction. The Outcome-Based Education originated in the United States in the 20th century. It is represented by Spicer, based on the four basic principles of clear objectives, expanded opportunities, high expectations and reverse design. In order to solve the unfavorable tendency of the separation of learning and use in instruction in China, this study attempts to apply the instruction model based on OBE to a unit teaching referring to an eight-week experiment for eight teaching hours. The research subjects are senior students of two classes in Grade 2 of a middle school in Henan Province. After collecting data, the qualitative and quantitative analysis have been carried out with SPSS 17.0. Meanwhile, students and teachers are surveyed and interviewed before and after the experiment to show their psychological feedback and actual changes during the teaching experiment with OBE. Through research and experiments, the following findings are obtained: First, in view of current conditions of English writing instruction in Chinese high schools, the English writing instruction model with OBE can help students improve their abilities of language production. Second, compared with the traditional English writing teaching mode, it can stimulate students’ interest in learning and applying language, and reduce their negative emotions such as anxiety, passiveness and helplessness.
Teacher Leadership and Conflict Management in EFL Classroom in the Light of the Contingency Theory of Human Resource Management: An Interdisciplinary Study
Authors: Yazdanmehr Elham , Ramezani Yousef , Aghdassi Fatemeh
Published: July 2020

The present interdisciplinary research was enlightened by the contingency theory of human resource management (HRM) and aimed to explore Iranian EFL teachers’ leadership and conflict management styles in the private sector. To this aim, Fiedler’s leadership measurement instrument along with Thomas & Kilmann’s conflict management instrument were used to collect data from 51 EFL teachers teaching in private language institutes of Khorasan Razavi, Iran. The aim was to find what proportion of teachers were task-oriented and what proportion were relation-oriented in leadership, and which conflict management styles were more prevalent among task-oriented and which were dominant among relation-oriented teachers. Furthermore, comparisons were made between male/female, younger (20-30 yrs.)/older (>30 yrs.) and experienced (>5 yrs.)/novice (<5 yrs.) teachers in terms of the leadership style as well as the conflict management style. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used to analyze the data in SPSS21. The results revealed that the majority of participants used task-oriented leadership style in class. Task-oriented teachers showed to use the accommodating conflict management style more while relation-oriented teachers prevalently used the collaborating style. Statistically significant differences were found between demographic groups in terms of the leadership and conflict management styles. Awareness of different leadership and conflict management styles can enrich teacher training courses and professional development programs in Applied Linguistics.
Optimizing Students’ Engagement through Implementing Peer-assessment Practice in Iranian Public High School: An Action Research
Authors: Sanaeifar Seyyed Hossein , Mirshojaee Seyyed Bagher
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to find the solution for students’ lack of engagement in classroom. The researchers used peer-assessment (PA) practice in classroom based on small group collaboration. 21 male high school students took part in this research. They were in Grade 10th and had been studied physics and mathematics course in 15th Khordad public high school in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. To conduct this research, three instruments were used including teacher-made test, students’ engagement questionnaire, and peer-evaluation observation checklist. The researchers implemented PA practice in their classroom in which participants were divided into seven groups each had three members with different proficiency levels. These groups’ members were supposed to practice PA on their exams. Also, the students were asked to answer students’ engagement questionnaire in order to put their idea about PA practice and the teacher observed all the groups’ members and filled the peer-evaluation observation checklist based on students’ interactions and participation. The analyses of data showed that, exposing student to the PA significantly enhanced students’ classroom engagement and improves their English course scores.
Rural and Urban EFL Teachers and Students' Attitude toward Using L1 in Iranian English Classrooms
Authors: Reaisi Mina , Ghaiyoomian Hossein , Raeisi Massome
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to explore students’ attitude toward the effect of using translation from L1 to L2 on improving English accuracy. It carried out in a junior high school in Isfahan, Iran and administered in two phases, one with teachers and another with students. The qualitative approach and survey design were exploited to conduct the research. The participants of the study were 30 students and they were given two sets of questionnaire. Findings showed that EFL teachers and students in rural areas used L1 no more than teachers and students in urban EFL classrooms. Results have shown that there is not any significant relationship between the use of translation and the students' attitudes towards the use of L1. They also indicated that there is a significant relationship between the method of teaching and the students' attitudes towards using L1 in EFL classroom. The findings of this study can be useful for EFL students as well as teachers to enhance the efficiency and productivity of bilingual classes.
Influence of the results of international studies on the choice of treatment tactics for unresectable forms of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Bolotina L. V. , Deshkina T. I. , Kornietskaya A. L. , Kravtsov S. A. , Ustinova T. V. , Paychadze A. A. , Kaprin A. D. , Fedenko А. А.
Published: July 2020

The results of the clinical studies have a direct impact on clinical practice. The main criteria for the effectiveness of treatment method are increasing the overall life expectancy and improving its quality. In the treatment of common forms of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, induction chemotherapy can be used, including platinum drugs, preferably in combination with cetuximab. Next immuno-oncological drugs should be prescribed. In the future, in the 1st line of therapy, it is possible to replace cetuximab with pembrolizumab or monotherapy with pembrolizumab, which allows to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce its toxicity. The article presents 3 clinical observations that demonstrate the possibility of integration the results of clinical research in practice.
Organization of the Activities of the Penitentiary System of Poland in 1918-1939
Authors: Razyhraiev Oleh
Published: July 2020

The proposed article is devoted to the organization of the penitentiary system of Poland in 1918-1939. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the prison system in the first years of independence of Poland, the legal framework of activity, the internal structure and its evolution, etc.

It is established that between the two world wars in the Second Polish Republic lasted the difficult process of organizing of penitentiary system, which began in the fall of 1918 with the declaration of independence of this country and was interrupted by the aggression of Nazi Germany in September 1939. Poland searched for the optimal model of the prison system for twenty years. It was complicated by the difficult financial situation in the first years after the Great War and in the era of the world economic crisis, as well as the different legal bases of the functioning of penal institutions on Polish lands which was the part of the Russian, Austro-Hungarian and German empires at the end of XVIII – beginning of XX centuries.

It is found out that the first legal acts that initiated the organization of the penitentiary system of the Second Polish Republic were signed by chief of state J. Pilsudski in early of 1919. However, the problem of legislative unification of the activities of Polish prisons was solved only in 1928 with the adoption of an order about the organization of prisons signed by the Polish President I. Moscicki. The Prison Rules of 1931 and the updated Prison Law of 1939 testified to the authorities’ efforts to transform the penitentiary system from repressive to re-socializative.

It was found that the establishment of a concentration camp in the Bereza Kartuska (Polesie Voivodeship) contradicted the tendencies mention above on the one hand, and became the logical reflection of the establishment of an authoritarian political system in the Polish state on the other.
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in the Field of Virtual and Augmented Reality
Authors: Bogdanova E. E.
Published: July 2020

In the paper, the author notes that the development of modern technologies, including artificial intelligence, unmanned transport, robotics, portable and embedded digital devices, already has a great impact on the daily life of a person and can fundamentally change the existing social order in the near future.

Virtual reality as a technology was born in the cross-section of research in the field of three-dimensional computer graphics and human-machine interaction. The spectrum of mixed reality includes the real world itself, the one that is before our eyes, the world of augmented reality — an improved reality that results from the introduction of sensory data into the field of perception in order to supplement information about the surrounding world and improve the perception of information; the world of virtual reality, which is created using technologies that provide full immersion in the environment. In some studies, augmented virtuality is also included in the spectrum, which implies the addition of virtual reality with elements of the real world (combining the virtual and real world).

The paper substantiates the conclusion that in the near future both the legislator and judicial practice will have to find a balance between the interests of the creators of virtual worlds and virtual artists exclusive control over their virtual works, on the one hand, and society in using these virtual works and their development, on the other hand. It is necessary to allow users to participate, interact and create new forms of creative expression in the virtual environment.

The author concludes that a broader interpretation of the fair use doctrine should be applied in this area, especially for those virtual worlds and virtual objects that imitate the real world and reality. However, it is necessary to distinguish between cases where the protection of such objects justifies licensing and those where it is advisable to encourage unrestricted use of the results for the further development of new technologies.
Law Making in the Conditions of Algorithmization of Law
Authors: Zenin S. S. , Kuteynikov D. L. , Izhaev O. A. , Yapryntsev I. M.
Published: July 2020

The paper is devoted to the study of law and computer algorithms as tools regulating social and technical processes. The purpose of this work is to study the possibilities of using computer code to regulate public relations, as well as the impact of this process on traditional legislative procedures.

The paper puts forward the thesis that computer code regulating technical processes can be used to a certain extent in the legal sphere of activity. To use computer code in law making, it is necessary to define the scope of legal regulation, develop an appropriate programming language and adopt a system of internal and external code audit measures that will ensure transparency, legality of the code and, as a result, public confidence in the adopted normative legal acts.

One example is smart contracts used in certain areas. The authors have studied various approaches to the definition of the term "smart contract" and formulated an integrative definition of this concept. When using a smart contract in the legal sphere, this term should be understood as a legally binding contract drawn up in the form of computer code and supported by appropriate legal remedies.

In this paper, the authors investigate the possible consequences of using computer code in law making and propose a number of additional measures (requirements) to the procedure for adopting regulatory legal acts. The authors summarize that law is to a certain extent an algorithm, which means that the same methods can be used to regulate public relations that are used in the technical sphere to fix the sequence of various operations.