bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
”Netti edellä” kuolemaan
Authors: Sumiala Johanna , Tikka Minttu
Published: December 2017

Artikkeli käsittelee Jokelan ja Kauhajoen koulusurmia kommunikatiivisina ja mediakulttuurisina ilmiöinä. Kirjoittajat analysoivat, miten media, erityisesti verkko, erilaisissa kommunikatiivisissa käytännöissään järjesti ja uudelleen organisoi koulusurmien hajottamaa mediakulttuurista järjestystä ja muokkasi tapahtumista mediakatastrofin. Verkkoaineistoa analysoidaan klassisen kommunikaatioteoreettisen jäsennyksen avulla kolmen toisiinsa limittyvän luennan kautta. Aineistoa tulkitaan sanomien siirtona ja leviämisenä sekä yhteisyyden rakentamisena. Kirjoittajat esittävät, että viestien kierrättäminen verkossa on Jokelan ja Kauhajoen koulusurmia kaikkein osuvimmin luonnehtiva kommunikaatiomuoto. Viestit välittyvät ja ritualisoituvat verkkoyhteisöissä juuri kierrätyksen ansioista ja sen seurauksena. Mediakatastrofin ytimessä on viestien syklinen kierto verkossa. Jatkuva surma-aineistojen kierrätys ruokkii ympäristöissään pelkoa ja epävarmuutta. Koulusurmat ovat osa pelon kulttuuria; manifestaatio ja reaktio sitä vastaan.
Symbolisen johtajuuden kriisi
Authors: Hakala Salli
Published: December 2017

Koulusurmien tutkimus on nostanut esiin kysymyksen symbolisen johtajuudesta yhteiskunnassa. Koulusurmat iskivät hyvinvointiyhteiskunnan symboliseen ytimeen: kouluun. Media näytti, miten äärimmäisillä terroriteoilla voi päästä valtakunnan ykkösjulkisuuteen. Laaja media-analyysi osoitti, että tasavallan presidentti ja muut poliittiset toimijat jäivät sivusta seuraajiksi, kun kouluampujat ja heidän uhrinsa kohtasivat – myös mediassa. Kansakunnan hädässä myötätunnon osoittaminen pelkällä tiedotteella tai luettuna puheena televisiolähetyksessä näyttäytyi virkamiesmäisenä sururituaalina ampujien kuvamanifesteihin verrattuna. Erityisesti Kauhajoella järjestystä yhteiskuntaan luotiin poliisin eristysnauhalla ja sotilaiden vartiolla, ja nämä vallan symbolit levisivät myös verkossa. Tässä artikkelissa pohditaan symbolista johtajuutta käyttäen apuna Kyösti Pekosen (1991) analyysia symbolisesta modernissa politiikassa. Kriisissä symbolinen johtajuus, tai sen puute, puhuttelee aina turvallisuuden tunnettamme.
Queer-yhteisöt islamin vaihtoehtoisena äänenä
Authors: Linjakumpu Aini
Published: December 2017

Artikkelin tarkoituksena on tarkastella seksuaalisten vähemmistöjen (homoseksuaalit, lesbot, bi- ja transseksuaalit) merkitystä islamilaisen julkisen sfäärin ja nimenomaan internetin kontekstissa. Internetin muodostamat julkisuudet toistavat olemassa olevia sosiaalisen ja poliittisen maailman rakenteita, mutta toisaalta ne myös luovat uudenlaista todellisuutta laajentaen ”tavallisen” elämän rajoja. Artikkelin empiirisenä kohteena ovat internetissä artikuloituvat, seksuaalisiin vähemmistöihin kuuluvien muslimien globaalit, monikansalliset ilmaukset, toisin sanoen englanninkielinen transnationaali julkinen tila. Tarkastelun kohteena ovat muun muassa erilaiset kotisivut, portaalit, blogit ja keskustelupalstat. Artikkelissa käsitellään queer-yhteisöjen rakentumista internetissä ja tätä kautta pohditaan islamin hallinnan problematiikkaa, islamin sisäisen sosiaalisen järjestyksen haastamista sekä poliittisen reformin mahdollisuutta.
Arkkivaarit
Forsskål, Chydenius, Arwidsson ja Snellman sananvapaus- ja julkisuuskysymysten äärellä
Authors: Pietilä Veikko
Published: December 2017

Vaikka Petter Forsskålia, Anders Chydeniusta, A.I. Arwidssonia ja J.V. Snellmania ei voi pitää varsinaisesti tiedotusoppineina, heidän sananvapautta ja julkisuutta koskevat pohdiskelunsa nostavat heidät silti jalustalle eräänlaisina alamme suomalaisina arkkivaareina. Heidän näet voidaan sanoa artikuloineen ajattelussaan sellaisia edellytyksiä, joiden vallitessa modernin joukkoviestinnän kehitys käy mahdolliseksi. Luon artikkelissa katsauksen heidän sananvapaus- ja julkisuusnäkemyksiinsä, jos kohta painopiste on kolmen ensiksi mainitun pohdiskeluissa. Taustoitan näitä näkemyksiä eri ajankohtien poliittisia ja taloudellisia oloja koskevilla näkökohdilla ja tarkastelen näiden näkemysten yhteyksiä ajankohtien yleisempiin henkisiin virtauksiin.
Televisioystävyyttä ja radiorakkautta
Parasosiaalinen suhde suomalaisittain
Authors: Isotalus Pekka , Valo Maarit
Published: December 2017

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Barreto Xavier, Ângela y Nogueira Da Silva, Cristina (Organizadoras), O Governo dos Outros. Poder e Diferencia no Império Português
Authors: Precioso Izquierdo Francisco
Published: December 2017

Reseña bibliográfica
Recursos didáticos utilizados por professores de escolas rurais de um município mato-grossense nas décadas de 1980 e 1990
Authors: Garcia Luana Santos Nogueira , Machado Ilma Ferreira
Published: December 2017

Este texto aborda sobre recursos, equipamentos e materiais didáticos utilizados por professores das escolas do campo no estado de Mato Grosso, especialmente na região de Tangará da Serra, nas décadas de 1980 e 1990. Objetiva caracterizar a forma de organização do trabalho pedagógico nas escolas do campo, identificar os tipos de materiais e recursos didáticos empregados no desenvolvimento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem e expor as principais dificuldades encontradas pelos professores na realização do trabalho docente. Adotou-se uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, recorrendo-se à técnica da entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados apontam que os professores dessas escolas rurais eram, em sua maioria, leigos e atuavam em salas multisseriadas, com uma precária infraestrutura e com pouquíssimos recursos didáticos. Além das orientações periódicas que recebiam da Secretaria Municipal da Educação, os professores buscavam auxílio de colegas docentes da cidade, até mesmo em termos de reaproveitamento de materiais didáticos.
A democratização do acesso ao ensino superior: considerações sobre a adesão da UERN ao exame nacional do ensino médio
Authors: Santos Jean Mac Cole Tavares , Silva Maria Kélia da , Melo Silvano Ferreira
Published: December 2017

Analisa-se o processo de adesão ao Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio/Sistema de Seleção Unificada pela Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, efetivado em 2015, objetivando perceber os processos de democratização do acesso à educação superior na referida universidade. Perscrutaram-se os ganhos que a adesão ao Exame Nacionalpela universidade representa para o acesso ao ensino superior na instituição. Os dados aqui organizados advieram de pesquisa bibliográfica. Ademais, os dados sobre o Exame Nacional, o Sistema Único de Seleção e o processo de adesão implantado pela universidade, dentre outros, foram obtidos de pesquisas a notícias e reportagens veiculadas principalmente em portais eletrônicos do governo e da instituição.
Model E-Commerce Produk Daur Ulang Bank Sampah Menggunakan UML
Authors: Irfansyah Puput , Haryono Sugeng
Published: December 2017

Pemanfaatan website dan sosial media sebagai mesin penjual sudah mulai berkembang sejalan dengan kemajuan e-commerce. Bank sampah merupakan sumber daya bahan sampah yang dapat didaur ulang dan dijadikan produk layak pakai yang keberadaannya hingga saat ini telah berlangsung namun belum memiliki media promosi online yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Pembuatan website yang sesuai dengan alur kebutuhan dimaksud agar website bisa memberikan kemudahan bagi pengelola bank sampah dalam memasarkan secara luas produk hasil daur ulang dan dapat menjangkau konsumen secara nasional. Website ini hanya kumpulan file yang terletak pada komputer yang terhubung ke internet. Konsep inti dari penerapan model e-commerce ini meliputi: kebutuhan, permintaan, informasi produksi, utilitas, pertukaran, konsumen dan transaksi penjual. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode object-oriented design (OOD) atau perancangan berorientasi obyek menggunakan Unified Modelling Language (UML). Website e-commerce yang dirancang diuji validitasnya sehingga menghasilakan linieritas pengaruhnya.
El ojo como máquina
Authors: Esparza Ramón
Published: December 2017

A pesar de todas las advertencias de los teóricos, a pesar de que las imágenes engañosas son un tema recurrente en las páginas de los medios de comunicación, la imagen en perspectiva, sobre todo en su versión óptica, sigue siendo el modelo dominante. Bien de forma explícita (fotografía, cine, medios de comunicación) o “implícita” (el inconfesado gusto de muchos museos por volver al realismo cada cierto tiempo). Nuestra cultura ha aprendido a conciliar sin demasiados problemas la imagen óptica y los movimientos estéticos que plantean su superación, en aras, muchas veces, de las características de nuestra percepción, que dejó ya, hace un par de siglos, de ser explicada en base al funcionamiento de la cámara oscura. En este texto se analizan las relaciones entre fotografía, visión y perspectiva, y cómo lo que, al principio, fue una pauta de representación del espacio tridimensional en las dos dimensiones del plano, se convierte en un modelo epistemológico cuyas consecuencias llegan al ámbito de lo político.
Real Fictions. Collage, fotomanipulación e imagen arquitectónica en la era digital
Authors: Lus Arana Luis Miguel
Published: December 2017

Desde la aparición de los primeros daguerrotipos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, la manipulación de la imagen fotográfica ha sido una compañera inalienable del desarrollo del medio. Introducidos para suplir las carencias de la técnica, la fotomanipulación, el collage, o los trucajes visuales pronto comenzaron a ser explotados como privilegiados generadores de imagen que permitían crear fantasías imbuidas del aura de lo real. A lo largo del siglo XX, fotografía, collage y manipulación han acompañado la evolución de ciudad y arquitectura, tanto para retratarlas como para jugar con su imagen fotografiada, creando ficciones alumbradas en el lienzo del papel fotográfico. Con la llegada de la era digital, las posibilidades de tratamiento de la imagen han crecido exponencialmente, alejando aún más a la imagen fotográfica de su supuesta objetividad innata, pero multiplicando también su poder para engendrar nueva y subyugante imaginería. ‘Real Fictions’ ofrece una visión del imaginario arquitectónico al que el procesamiento digital de la imagen está dando lugar, desde los trabajos de autores en contacto directo con lo disciplinar como Philipp Schaerer o Filip Dujardin a las ficciones arquitectónicas generadas por una heterogénea multitud de artistas y profesionales, planteando sus posibles aportes a la disciplina y su contribución a reivindicar el papel de la fotografía en un mundo de construcción digital.
El espacio urbano fulgurante. Anagogía laica en Times Square | The Flashing Urban Space. Laic Anagogy in Times Square
Authors: Rubio Hernández Rosana
Published: December 2017

El espacio público urbano se ha ido transformando, desde finales del siglo XIX en un escenario, en el que el vidrio y la electricidad se alían para comunicar mensajes (informativos, publicitarios, decorativos o artísticos), construyendo lo que hemos denominado el espacio urbano fulgurante. En los espacios sagrados de la arquitectura bizantina y gótica, el vidrio también tuvo un papel determinante en la comunicación de información con fines anagógicos, en mosaicos y vidrieras. Nuestra época ha encontrado un arquetipo arquitectónico capaz de albergar a las multitudes que son objetivo de los mensajes de la “nueva religión” de la sociedad capitalista y de consumo. La solución ha sido convertir el propio espacio urbano en el nuevo “templo”. En él, las fachadas de los edificios existentes, se inundan de cartelería y pantallas de todo tipo, que lanzan incesantes mensajes sobre esos espacios, donde se congregan las masas de “nuevos fieles”. Nacen así lugares como Times Square. En el artículo se narra el origen y la historia de este enclave neoyorkino y la importancia que tuvieron personajes como S. L. Rothafel “Roxy” y D. Leigh en la definición de esta épica urbana del fulgor. Se analiza también su paralelismo con las arquitecturas sacras bizantina y gótica. El artículo concluye, instando a una reflexión crítica sobre las implicaciones que conllevan estos espacios, que están afectando al modo en que se viven las ciudades y al modo de hacer arquitectura.PALABRAS CLAVE: Times Square, Pantallas, Vidrio, Luz, Anagogía. Urban public space has been transformed, since the end of the 19th century, into a stage where glass and electricity are allied to communicate messages (whether informative, advertising, decorative or artistic), building what we have called the flashing urban space. In the sacred spaces of Byzantine and Gothic architecture, glass had also a decisive role in the communication of information with anagogical purposes, in mosaics and stained glass. Our age has found an architectural archetype capable of harboring the multitudes that are the target of the messages of the “new religion” of capitalist society and consumption. The solution has been to convert the urban space itself into the new “temple”. In it, the existing buildings’ facades are flooded with signs and screens of all kinds, which release ceaseless messages on those spaces where the masses of the “new faithful” congregate. Then, places like Times Square are born. The article narrates the origin and history of this New Yorker enclave. The importance of characters, such as S. L. Rothafel “Roxy” and D. Leigh, in the definition of this flashing urban epic is also explainded, and its parallelisms with the Byzantine and Gothic sacral architectures are also analyzed. The article concludes urging to a critical reflection on the implications of this kind of urban space, which is affecting the way cities are lived, and the way architecture is made.KEYWORDS: Times Square, Screens, Glass, Light, Anagogy.
G. CRAINS (ed.) - Visioning Technologies. The Architectures of Sight
Authors: Oliver Joan Carles
Published: December 2017

Graham Crains (ed.)Visioning Technologies. The Architectures of SightRoutledge, Nueva York, 2017, 234 págs.Idioma: inglés. Tapa dura. 120 €. ISBN-13: 978-1472454966; ISBN-10: 1472454960
M. NEGRI - Pietre di valle
Authors: Díez Medina Carmen
Published: December 2017

Mario NegriPietre di valleA cargo de Laura Novati e Chiara Negri, con un escrito de Wolfgang Hildesheimer. Tirano, Museo etnográfico “Tiranese. Pietra verde”, colección de cultura de la Valtellina, n. 3, 2016, 107 páginas.Idioma: italiano. 12 x 17 cm. Tapa blanda, 10 €. ISBN-10: 8887523355. ISBN- 13: 9788887523355
A. GÓMEZ (ed.) - Espacios para la enseñanza 4. Nuevos estudios sobre arquitectura docente en España
Authors: Alfaro Lera José Antonio
Published: December 2017

Alejandro Gómez (ed.)Espacios para la enseñanza 4. Nuevos estudios sobre arquitectura docente en EspañaEdiciones Asimétricas, Madrid, 2016, 190 páginas.Idioma: castellano. 19 €. ISBN/ISSN: 978-84-945656-1-8
Influence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis on the quality of life of young adults in the transition period to adult rheumatologic care
Authors: Dzhus Marta
Published: December 2017

Background

Young adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) often have an active disease with significant functional impairment in adulthood that can affect their physical and mental functions

Aim

To determine the impact of JIA on quality of life (QoL) in young adults with JIA during the transition healthcare

Materials and methods

The cross-sectional study of 89 young adults aged 16 to 22 years with a history of JIA regardless of the presence or absence of active inflammation at the time of the survey was performed in the Oleksandrivsky Central Clinical Hospital in Kyiv, Ukraine in the period between April 2015 and February 2017. 25 age- and sex-matched controls (without rheumatic disease) were included. There was performed an evaluation of the age at disease onset, duration, JIA activity, received therapy and quality of life

Results

Out of 89, 37 (41,6%) patients were considered to be in remission. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis had a large impact on the physical scales of quality of life. Patients with JIA had worse (p <0.001) physical health in comparison with the control group. The pain was the most important factor affecting the quality of life in cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The indices responsible for the physical (p<0.001), role (borderline significance, p=0.04) functioning, and intensity of pain (p<0.001) were decreased, compared with the control group. However, the indicators responsible for psychological function in patients with JIA did not differ from the control group. The correlation analysis revealed significant negative association between disability severity (HAQ) and physical function (r=-0,56, p<0.001), role function (r=-0,33, p<0.001), pain intensity (r=-0,60, p<0.001), general health (r=-0,40, p=0.01), vital activity (r=-0,46, p<0.001), social function (r=-0,48, p<0.001), mental health (r=-0,42, p<0.001)

Conclusion

In our transitional cohort of patients at the era of biological therapies, juvenile idiopathic arthritis had a larger effect on the physical than mental SF-36 subscale. The pain was the main factor influencing the quality of life
MULTIAGENT COLLABORATIVE COMPUTATION FOR AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE SYSTEM
Authors: Sumari Arwin Datumaya Wahyudi , Ahmad Adang Suwandi
Published: December 2017

Quick-and-accurate decision is a primary requirement for achieving a mission’s successfulness in many organizations whether they are militaries or civilians.  The larger and more complex the scope of a mission the longer the time will be needed to perform decision-making. A complex mission such as retaining a sustainable mission of aircrafts deployed in certain remote bases will require a 24-hour of standby on-site or off-site maintenance teams. The most common problem arisen from humans in such situations is the fatigue that can occur anytime to any of them during a continuing mission and of course, it can affect the continuity of the mission and delay or disappoint the mission achievement. In this paper we address the concept of the utilization of Multiagent Collaborative Computation (MCC) paradigm in supporting the decision-making process in aircrafts maintenance during a sustainable mission in remote bases. The ultimate goal of the MCC-based aircraft maintenance system is comprehensive information regarding the maintenance procedures in order to keep the aircrafts serviceable during the mission implementation. In this paper we also present the technique to obtain the comprehensive information as the basis for decision-making called A3S (Arwin-Adang-Aciek-Sembiring) information-inferencing fusion method
Investigating Effect of Different Parameters of the Submerged Vanes on the Lateral Intake Discharge Located in the 180 Degree Bend Using the Numerical Model
Authors: Sarhadi Ali , Jabbari Ehsan
Published: December 2017

Intakes are widely used for flow diversion and its control in the open channels or rivers. During passing flow, part of the suspended sediment along with the flow enters the lateral channel and deposits in the lateral intake channel entrance, causing a change in the direction of the flow line towards the shore in front of the reservoir, which reduces the intake efficiency. Submerged vanes are small hydraulic structures that, by creating a secondary flow in their downstream, cause changes in the flow pattern and guide line to the drainage span, and the most important parameters affecting sediment input to the waterfall is the ratio of flow rate. Investigating a laboratory model has high costs and times, which in some cases cannot be justified, therefore, suitable numerical models can be proposed for such options. In this study, using Flow3D, three-dimensional numerical modeling of the flow was calibrated and verified using existing data and numerical modeling accuracy, the relative error of the numerical model was determined. In this study, all effective parameters including submerged vanes type, submerged vanes number, submerged vanes size and Froude number changes in the main channel and type of submerged vanes layout have been investigated. The results of the numerical model show that the angle of inclination of 60 degrees in the entrance intake and the chassis layout in the Froude numbers 0.21-0.33 will result in the most lateral intake discharge.
STRATEGI PENINGKATAN MUTU KEAMANAN PRODUK BAKERI INDUSTRI KECIL MENENGAH MELALUI PENERAPAN GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES (GMP) = THE STRATEGY OF IMPROVING FOOD SAFETY BASE ON IMPLEMENTATION GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES (GMPâ€™S) ON SMALL-MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Authors: Himawan Adinegoro
Published: December 2017

Abstract

The objective of this research is to formulate strategy of improving food safety base on implementation Good manufacturing Practices (GMPâ€™s). This paper presents a Swot analysis regarding the implementation of GMPâ€™s on smallmedium enterprises bakery in Bogor. SWOT is an expert choice justification model which is used to engineer the structural analysis model by taking several elements of the strategic environmental factors. SWOT analysis for the strategic environmental factors has identified the significant aspect of the supporting elements, constraints and, the groups of the alternative strategy. Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) is used to find out the principal sub-elements of each strategy and stakeholders elements have been analysed to enrich the formulate strategy. Complete analysis of this research has built alternative formulation strategy for region superiority improving food safety base on implementation GMPâ€™s, with considering respective limitation.

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Abstrak

produk bakeri pada industry kecil menengah melalui penerapan praktekpengolahan terbaik (GMP). Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa SWOT. Analisa SWOT merupakan salah satu alat analisis kualitatif yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi peluang dan ancaman dalam melakukan kegiatan dengan mengacu pada kekuatan dan kelemahan yang dimiliki stakeholders industri kecil menengah produk bakeri di kota Bogor. Penggunaan teknik Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) pada analisis SWOT untuk melihat hubungan kontekstual antar elemen dan hirarki untuk elemen penyusun strategi. Hasil analisis dari ke dua model (analisis SWOT dan ISM) dalam penelitian ini adalah strategi terbaik dengan keterbatasan ahli dalam rangka peningkatan mutu keamanan produk bakeri berdasarkan GMP.

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ANALISIS KEGAGALAN FIRE RING PENYEBAB KERUSAKAN PISTON MESIN UNIT KENDARAAN BERMOTOR
Authors: Febriyanti Eka , Suhadi Amin
Published: December 2017

Fire ring atau oil scraper ring merupakan salah satu komponen penting dari mesin yang berada pada chamber pembakar dan berlokasi di atas piston serta berfungsi untuk membantu dalam kontrol oli sehingga pembakaran berlebih dapat diminimalisir. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena fire ring dapat membiarkan oli untuk lewat sehingga dapat melumasi piston dan cylinder wall. Oleh karena itu, peranan dari fire ring sangat mempengaruhi kinerja dari mesin diesel suatu kendaraan. Apabila fire ring tidak terinstall dengan baik maka menyebabkan fire ring akan gagal setiap saat, hal ini menyebkan mesin dapat rusak pada hitungan detik. Pada penelitian ini fire ring mengalami kerusakan selama overhaul (bongkar mesin). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem tulang ikan, yaitu meneliti dari berbagai kemungkinan kerusakan sampai ketemu penyebab utamanya. Detail analisis dari permukaan yang rusak menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan fire ring disebabkan oleh beban impak tinggi yang diberikan oleh pemukul piston secara tidak homogen sehingga menghasilkan kelebihan beban pada daerah fire ring tertentu dan akhirnya menghasilkan retak dan patahan. Patahan ini diawali dengan pemindahan kedudukan fire ring yang tidak tepat pada piston.
PENGARUH PENGHILANGAN KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN TERHADAP KEKUATAN FATIK = EFFECT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS REMOVAL TO FATIGUE STRENGTH
Authors: H. Agus Suhartono
Published: December 2017

The aim of the study is to investigate and to prove that the fatigue failure of steel is initiated from the surface. Hence the preventif action of smoothening the surface that has been loaded by fatigue loading is very important. The specimen of AISI 1045 Steel is loaded by means of rotary bending fatigue. The fatigue loading will be interupted as the fatigue life reaching 50% of fatigue life and 75% of fatigue life. During the interuption the specimen will be grinded and polished, before tested completely until fatigue fracture occured. The fatigue life of each group of scpecimen based on the art of loading will be compared to the specimen tested by fatigue loading without interuption.The Miner rule is used to evaluated the test result. The influence of interuption and surface treatment is evaluated and analyzed.

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ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki dan membuktikan bahwa kegagalan kelelahan baja dimulai dari permukaan. Oleh karena itu tindakan pencegahan dengan memperhalus permukaan sangat penting untuk mencegah beban kelelahan baja. Spesimen dari AISI 1045 Steel dimuat dengan cara uji kelelahan lentur putar. Kelelahan pemuatan akan disela sebagai umur kelelahan mencapai 50% dari umur kelelahan dan 75% dari umur kelelahan. Selama gangguan lainnya yang spesimen akan digiling dan dipoles, sebelum diuji benar-benar sampai patah akibat kelelahan yang terjadi. Umur kelelahan dari setiap kelompok specimen diuji berdasarkan beban akan dibandingkan dengan spesimen oleh kelelahan bongkar tanpa aturan. The Miner rule digunakan untuk mengevaluasi hasil tes. Pengaruh gangguan lainnya dan perlakuan permukaan dievaluasi dan dianalisis.

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PERHITUNGAN JARAK JANGKAU MAKSIMUM PESAWAT UDARA NIR AWAK BPPT UNTUK MISI STRATEGIS DETERMINING = THE MAXIMUM FLIGHT RANGE OF BPPTâ€™S UAV FOR STRATEGIC MISSION
Authors: Jemie Muliadi  , Endarmadi A. Prayitno  , Heri T. Muryanto
Published: December 2017

The Agency for The Assessment and The Application of Technology (BPPT, Indonesia) has developed several UAV prototypes for various of mission. The missions to be accomplished were including military purposes and also civilian application. To validate the capability of these UAV in performing their defined mission, thereâ€™s a requirement to calculate the flight performance parameters. The relevant parameters were including maximum flight range, maximum altitude, flight endurance, etc. The flight range is a crucial parameter to be determined for a UAV for its suitable mission. Thus, this work will be focused on the Maximum Range determination of PUNA BPPT. The data from BPPTâ€™s UAV flight tests will be processed to obtain the aerodynamic parameters as inputs for maximum flight range calculation. The maximum range resulted were occurred in an optimum value of cruising speed. While varying the cruising speed will affect the maximum range attained, the variation will also be analyzed, and the effect will be concluded.

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ABSTRAK

Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi telah mengembangkan Pesawat Udara Nir Awak untuk berbagai misi. Selain misi yang terkait dengan aplikasi pertahanan dan keamanan, PUNA BPPT dikembangkan pula untuk misi-misi non militer. Sebagai validasi kemampuan PUNA BPPT dalam memenuhi misi terebut, maka perlu diketahui ukuran-ukuran performa yang relevan. Ukuran-ukuran tersebut meliputi,jarak jangkauan terbang maksimun, ketinggian terbang maksimum, ketahanan lama terbang, dan sejenisnya. Jarak jangkauan terbang (range) merupakan parameter yang krusial dalam Operasional Pesawat Udara Nir Awak. Makalah ini menyajikan perhitungan jangkauan terbang maksimum PUNA BPPT. Data hasil uji terbang PUNA BPPT diolah untuk menghasilkan parameter aerodinamika yang akan menjadi masukan dalam perhitungan jarak jangkauan terbang PUNA. Jarak jangkau maksimum ini akan mencapai nilai optimum pada suatu nilai kecepatan jelajah optimum. Maka, variasi kecepatan jelajah akan dianalisa dan efeknya akan disimpulkan terhadap Jangkauan Terbang PUNA BPPT.
When Job Training Is Not Enough: The Cultivation of Social Capital in Career Academies
Authors: Lanford Michael , Maruco Tattiya
Published: December 2017

Career academies are increasingly prominent in American secondary education. However, our understanding of these academies is limited by a paucity of research about the factors that make them viable and effective. This case study highlights, from the perspective of 52 academy coordinators and teachers and 41 students, distinctive features that enable career academies to provide valuable job-related experiences and improve student engagement. Employing the theoretical framework of social capital, the findings emphasize the importance of boundary spanners who have the ability to maintain relationships between industry and educational institutions, bounded solidarity that facilitates an exchange of resources within an academy, and the information potential of the academy in terms of academic and personal support for students outside of the classroom.
Literacy Achievement Trends at Entry to First Grade
Authors: D’Agostino Jerome V. , Rodgers Emily
Published: December 2017

Recent shifts in policy and practice have brought an increasingly more academic focus to the early grades, evidenced in rising standards and the now widely accepted notion that kindergarten is the new first grade. These views however are mostly supported by teacher and parent self-reports and not by an analysis of literacy achievement data. We created an up-to-date literacy profile for beginning readers using a multiple cohort database that contained achievement data for students at entry to first grade ( n = 364,738) in the same schools ( n = 2,358) over a 12-year period starting in 2002. Our finding that overall beginning of first-grade reading achievement for both low achieving and more typically achieving students improved measurably between 2002 and 2013 provides empirical support for the growing academic focus in the early grades. However, our findings about the differential nature of that progress for low achieving students compared to those more typically achieving raise new questions and concerns about a growing literacy achievement gap in the early grades.
“When” Students Miss School: The Role of Timing of Absenteeism on Students’ Test Performance
Authors: Gottfried Michael A. , Kirksey J. Jacob
Published: December 2017

Policy and practice have charged forward with emphasizing the necessity to reduce school absenteeism in the fall (i.e., Attendance Awareness Month). However, no empirical basis served to bolster these efforts. This study examined whether fall versus spring absenteeism was linked to spring state exam scores for a sample of elementary students over 3 years. Using district data, the findings suggested spring absences were associated with lower testing performance, with the most critical period being the 30-day window leading up to the test. This study illustrates that most is at stake for student test performance by missing school in the days and months leading up to the test date and that different support systems are needed to address subgroups of students.
Parental Influences on Postsecondary Decision Making: Evidence From a Text Messaging Experiment
Authors: Castleman Benjamin L. , Page Lindsay C.
Published: December 2017

Research increasingly points to the importance of parental engagement in children’s education. Yet, little research has investigated whether prompting parents to be more involved in college processes improves student outcomes. We investigate experimentally whether providing both students and their parents with personalized outreach about tasks students need to complete to enroll in college leads to improved college enrollment outcomes relative to providing outreach to students only. We utilize text messaging to provide information and advising to students and parents. Across treatment arms, the text outreach increased on-time college enrollment by a statistically significant 3.1 percentage points. Texting both parents and students, however, did not increase the efficacy of the outreach. We situate this result in the broader parental engagement literature.
Starvation and Its Political Use in the Armenian Genocide
Authors: Shirinian George N.
Published: December 2017

Starvation is widely recognized as a weapon of extreme mass violence, a gross violation of human rights, and a crime in international criminal law, yet forced starvation is still practiced today. Starvation was used as a political tool against Ukraine in the Holodomor, was part of Nazi strategy during World War II, and is one of the most readily identified aspects of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire during the period 1915 to 1923. This study examines how starvation was used by the Young Turk regime as a deliberate policy against the Armenians, the Armenians' experience of starvation, and why starvation was chosen as a tool of genocide. Starvation was highly effective in the large number of Armenians that perished, and was deliberately chosen as a method of killing, partly for plausible deniability and partly for the prolonged suffering it caused, resulting in the eradication of Armenian identity.
Starvation and Violence amid the Soviet Politics of Silence, 1928–1929
Authors: Bertelsen Olga
Published: December 2017

This study analyzes the Soviet politics of silence during Stalin's collectivization campaign in the context of peasant resistance, state violence, and the famine in 1928–1929, and illuminates the primary function of strategic silence—an information blockade which creates a space for violence and human suffering. Only in silence does the landscape of violence emerge and its spiral dynamics consume everyone, assailants and victims, proceeding swiftly to the eventual destruction of this landscape. In Ukraine, strategic silence and the relatively hermetic information blockade highlights the intentional nature of state violence: it produced a ghetto of exclusion that helped crush peasant resistance to collectivization and prevented Ukraine's potential secession from the Union. More profoundly, the politics of silence is analyzed as “cultural” violence and one of the most important building blocks in the foundation of genocide that routinely provokes and escalates direct violence, a phenomenon which culminates in massacres, repressions, and famines, as happened in the Ukrainian case.
“Living with Ourselves”—Australia and East Timorese Self-Determination, 1973–1979
Authors: Henry Adam Hughes
Published: December 2017

This paper examines Australian attitudes and decisions which undermined East Timorese self-determination between 1973 and 1979—beginning before the illegal Indonesian invasion in 1975 and ending in February 1979 at the commencement of Australian-Indonesian maritime boundary negotiations. During this period, key diplomats and politicians from both sides of Australian politics minimized, ignored, and overlooked human rights abuses in East Timor to advance Australian interests. This approach to East Timor was maintained for over two decades, but had been adapted from an earlier diplomatic blueprint established in the mid-1960s. The main Australian achievement from this approach was accessing East Timor's oil and gas reserves by a 1989 treaty with Jakarta. This was made possible by undermining the legal rights of the East Timorese and tacitly accepting the Indonesian occupation. In this period (1975–1979) around 84,200 Timorese from a pre-invasion population of 600,000–800,000 died as a direct or indirect consequence of the Indonesian invasion. By 1999, as many as 200,000 East Timorese had died since the 1975 invasion.
Essentialist Thinking Underlying Definitions of Genocide
Authors: Mazur Lucas B.
Published: December 2017

Over the last several decades, scholars have lamented the lack of a clear definition of genocide, and many have then proposed one of their own in an attempt to fill this gap. The majority of the definitions put forward, and the discomfort from which they arise, express an explicit or implicit attachment to essentialism, the assumption that the definition need reflect, in an unadulterated fashion, the objective reality out in the world. In other words, many take our failure to settle on a single definition of genocide across fields as a sign that we don't yet know what it is. We seem to want to know not so much what genocide means to us and how this construct might be more useful in our attempts to create a better world, but rather, what it really is at its core. In what follows, we will examine our ongoing attachment to essentialist understandings of genocide, some of the problems that arise as a result, how we have attempted to free ourselves from this approach, and how we might go further in doing so.
Estimating Distributions of Walking Speed, Walking Distance, and Waiting Time with Automated Fare Collection Data for Rail Transit
Authors: Xie Xiaoyan , Leurent Fabien
Published: December 2017

Journey time is one of the key factors of public transport quality of service that is of concern to passengers. The variability in passenger journey time stems from the variability of in-vehicle travel time, walking time, and waiting time. A better understanding of passenger walking and waiting behavior along an urban rail transit line, especially in mass transit hubs and stations, is thus of much relevance. However, the estimation of passengers’ walking speed, walking distance, and waiting time is still a complicated and difficult task: individual walking speed and waiting time keep changing throughout the interindividual journey. A novel stochastic model that uses automated fare collection data and automatic vehicle location data is proposed to estimate the distributions of walking speed, walking distance, and waiting time indirectly. The stochastic model relates tap-out time to tap-in time on an individual basis and with respect to train circulation on the basis of statistical distributions for the individual’s cruise walking speed, in-station walking distance, and waiting time. Analytical formulas are provided, first conditional to an individual walking speed and waiting time and then without conditions. The model is applied to the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the parameters with constrained numerical optimization. A case study of the urban rail transit line Réseau Express Régional [Regional Express Network (RER)] A in the Paris region yielded reasonable parameter values and factor mean values. This study paves the way for estimating passenger elementary travel time along a journey.
Maximization of Platoon Formation Through Centralized Routing and Departure Time Coordination
Authors: Sokolov Vadim , Larson Jeffrey , Munson Todd , Auld Josh , Karbowski Dominik
Published: December 2017

Platooning allows vehicles to travel with a small intervehicle distance in a coordinated fashion because of vehicle-to-vehicle connectivity. When applied at a larger scale, platooning creates significant opportunities for energy savings because of reduced aerodynamic drag, as well as increased road capacity and a reduction in congestion resulting from shorter vehicle headways. These potential savings are maximized, however, if platooning-capable vehicles spend most of their travel time within platoons. Ad hoc platoon formation may not ensure a high rate of platoon driving. This paper considers the problem of central coordination of platooning-capable vehicles. Coordination of their routes and departure times can maximize the fuel savings afforded by platooning vehicles. The resulting problem is a combinatorial optimization problem that considers the platoon coordination and vehicle routing problems simultaneously. The methodology is demonstrated through evaluation of the benefits of a coordinated solution and comparison with the uncoordinated case when platoons form only in an ad hoc manner. The coordinated and uncoordinated scenarios are compared on a grid network with various assumptions about demand and the time vehicles are willing to wait.
Solving the School Bus Routing Problem by Maximizing Trip Compatibility
Authors: Shafahi Ali , Wang Zhongxiang , Haghani Ali
Published: December 2017

School bus planning is usually divided into routing and scheduling because of the complexity of solving them concurrently. However, the separation between these two steps may lead to worse solutions with higher overall costs than from solving them together. When the minimal number of trips in the routing problem is being determined, neglecting trip compatibility could increase the number of buses needed in the scheduling problem. This paper proposes a new formulation for the multischool homogeneous fleet routing problem that maximizes trip compatibility while minimizing total travel time. This plan incorporates the trip compatibility for the scheduling problem in the routing problem. A proposed heuristic algorithm for solving this problem decomposes the problem by schools. To compare the performance of the model with traditional routing problems, eight midsize data sets were generated. Importing the generated trips of the routing problems into the bus scheduling (blocking) problem shows that the proposed model can reduce the buses needed by up to 25%. A sensitivity analysis on coefficients of the model illustrates the effect of the weight of trip compatibility.
Online Charging and Routing of Electric Vehicles in Stochastic Time-Varying Networks
Authors: Jafari Ehsan , Boyles Stephen D.
Published: December 2017

This paper formulates the problem of online charging and routing of a single electric vehicle in a network with stochastic and time-varying travel times. Public charging stations, with nonidentical electricity prices and charging rates, exist through the network. Upon arrival at each node, the traveler learns the travel time on all downstream arcs and the waiting time at the charging station, if one is available. The traveler aims to minimize the expected generalized cost—formulated as a weighted sum of travel time and charging cost—by considering the current state of the vehicle and availability of information in the future. The paper also discusses an offline algorithm by which all routing and charging decisions are made a priori. The numerical results demonstrate that cost savings of the online policy, compared with that for the offline algorithm, is more significant in larger networks and that the number of charging stations and vehicle efficiency rate have a significant impact on those savings.
Effectiveness of Predictive Weather-Related Active Transportation and Demand Management Strategies for Network Management
Authors: Hong Zihan , Mahmassani Hani S. , Xu Xiang , Mittal Archak , Chen Ying , Halat Hooram , Alfelor Roemer M.
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the development, implementation, and evaluation of predictive active transportation and demand management (ATDM) and weather-responsive traffic management (WRTM) strategies to support operations for weather-affected traffic conditions with traffic estimation and prediction system models. First, the problem is defined as a dynamic process of traffic system evolution under the impact of operational conditions and management strategies (interventions). A list of research questions to be addressed is provided. Second, a systematic framework for implementing and evaluating predictive weather-related ATDM strategies is illustrated. The framework consists of an offline model that simulates and evaluates the traffic operations and an online model that predicts traffic conditions and transits information to the offline model to generate or adjust traffic management strategies. Next, the detailed description and the logic design of ATDM and WRTM strategies to be evaluated are proposed. To determine effectiveness, the selection of strategy combination and sensitivity of operational features are assessed with a series of experiments implemented with a locally calibrated network in the Chicago, Illinois, area. The analysis results confirm the models’ ability to replicate observed traffic patterns and to evaluate the system performance across operational conditions. The results confirm the effectiveness of the predictive strategies tested in managing and improving traffic performance under adverse weather conditions. The results also verify that, with the appropriate operational settings and synergistic combination of strategies, weather-related ATDM strategies can generate maximal effectiveness to improve traffic performance.
Consistency Between Convergence of Dynamic Assignment and Stochasticity of Microsimulation: Implication for Number of Runs
Authors: Saxena Neeraj , Dixit Vinayak V. , Waller S. Travis
Published: December 2017

Dynamic transportation models route vehicles by using the principles of dynamic user equilibrium. These models include a dynamic network loading (DNL) module that is used to evaluate link costs. However, an element of stochasticity creeps into the modeling framework when the analytical dynamic assignment (DA) procedure is used along with a stochastic microscopic DNL. A methodologically correct way of approaching this problem is by solving the entire DA with a microscopic DNL (DA-microDNL) model until convergence for a given random seed and then repeating the process with different seed values. This paper proposes an approach to determine the minimum number of replications of the DA-microDNL model to determine a statistically valid estimate of the measure of effectiveness (MOE). The approach was tested on a small and medium-size network having different demand and network characteristics. Results show that running the integrated DA-microDNL framework for a minimum number of replications provides a statistically significant MOE at much lower computation time. The consistent estimates obtained by using this approach would provide robust information to transportation planners and practitioners in evaluating the impacts of several policy decisions on network performance.
Crisis? How Is That a Crisis!?
Authors: Freeden Michael
Published: December 2017

Crisis has become such a ubiquitous word that its discriminatory power is diminished
across various disciplines. It challenges the word-concept relationship
inasmuch as it is associated with a host of partner words that imbue crisis
with divergent meanings. Not least, it stretches between major upheavals and
minor disturbances, often employed with calculating or rhetorical dramatic
effect. This article explores both professional and vernacular usages of “crisis”
and notes the distinction between theories of crisis and ideologies of crisis.
It then turns to examining two domains closely linked to the language of
crisis: Marxist analyses of capitalism, and legitimation problems. The latter is
explored particularly through Seymour Martin Lipset and Jürgen Habermas.
The role of crisis as filtered through different ideological families is indicated.
Finally, the relationship between the tipping-point connotations of crisis and
the finality drive of political decisions is considered.
On Counterrevolution
Authors: Pestel Friedemann
Published: December 2017

After 1789, counterrevolution emerged as revolution’s first counterconcept in
French political discourse. While scholars of the French Revolution commonly
associate counterrevolution with a backward-oriented political program,
often with the restoration of the ancien régime, this article challenges
such a retrograde understanding. Drawing on a broad corpus of sources, it
emphasizes the flexible and pluralistic meanings of counterrevolution during
the 1790s. Rather than designating a political objective, counterrevolution
first of all focused on the process of combating the revolution as such, which
allowed for different political strategies and aimed beyond a return to the
status quo ante. By discussing, next to the French case, examples from the
Haitian Revolution, Britain, Germany, and Switzerland, this article also highlights
the transnational dimension of the debate on counterrevolution. It concludes
with a plea for rethinking counterrevolution as revolution’s asymmetric
other in a more relational rather than dichotomous perspective.