bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishing a Successful Outpatient Joint Arthroplasty Program
Authors: Register Jennifer L. , Head Priscilla J. , Orteneau Germain
Published: June 2018

Many surgical procedures are performed in outpatient settings, and outpatient joint replacements are one of the emerging trends in orthopedics. Rising consumer demand for value‐driven health care, new technology, and pain management advancements, and more physicians training in minimally invasive surgical techniques during their residency have driven this change. When a facility is considering the establishment of an outpatient joint arthroplasty program, leaders must take into consideration the outcomes data from the facility's current joint arthroplasty program. Additional factors in establishing a successful outpatient program include careful patient selection, preoperative patient education, the presence of a case manager, and specialized protocols and techniques.
Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Authors: Sreih Antoine G. , Ezzedine Rana , Leng Lin , Fan Juan , Yao Jie , Reid Duncan , Piecychna Marta , Carette Simon , Cuthbertson David , Dellaripa Paul , Hoffman Gary S. , Khalidi Nader A. , Koening Curry L. , Langford Carol A. , Mahr Alfred , McAlear Carol A. , Maksimowicz‐Mckinnon Kathleen , Monach Paul A. , Seo Philip , Specks Ulrich , St.Clair E. William , Stone John H. , Ytterberg Steven R. , Edberg Jeffrey , Merkel Peter A. , Bucala Richard
Published: June 2018

Objective

To examine the association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promoter polymorphisms and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in human subjects, and to assess the role of MIF in a murine model of granulomatous vasculitis.

Methods

The human study involved 1,077 patients with GPA and healthy controls whose serum was genotyped by capillary electrophoresis for the MIF −794 CATT5−8 promoter microsatellite (rs5844572). MIF promoter, CATT‐length–dependent gene expression in response to β‐glucan was assessed by gene reporter assays. In mouse studies, granulomatous disease was induced by injection of Candida albicans β‐glucan into wild‐type (WT) or Mif‐knockout (Mif‐KO) C57BL/6 mice and C57BL/6 mice transgenically overexpressing Mif in lung epithelium (Mif lung–Tg2.1). Mice were treated with a neutralizing anti‐MIF antibody and analyzed for the density of pulmonary granulomas, expression of inflammatory chemokines, and frequency of mortality.

Results

The percentage of human subjects carrying >5 CATT repeats in each MIF allele (high genotypic MIF expressers) was 60.2% among patients with GPA and 53.9% among healthy controls (adjusted P = 0.049). In response to granulomatous stimulation, human MIF gene expression increased proportionally with CATT length. Mif lung–Tg2.1 mice exhibited more pulmonary granulomas than WT mice, which in turn showed more granulomas than Mif‐KO mice. A significantly higher percentage of Mif lung–Tg2.1 mice, compared to Mif‐KO or WT mice, died when injected with Candida albicans β‐glucan, and treatment of these mice with an anti‐MIF monoclonal antibody protected against a lethal outcome. Levels of MIF‐dependent neutrophil/macrophage chemokines were elevated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or plasma of Mif lung–Tg2.1 mice.

Conclusion

Patients with GPA have an increased frequency of high MIF expression CATT alleles. Higher Mif expression increases the incidence of mortality and pulmonary granulomas in Mif lung–Tg2.1 mice, while anti‐MIF treatment protects these mice against death. Blockade of MIF in high genotypic MIF expressers may therefore offer a selective pharmacologic therapy for GPA.
Sterically Crowded Trianglimines—Synthesis, Structure, Solid‐State Self‐Assembly, and Unexpected Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Prusinowska Natalia , Bardziński Mateusz , Janiak Agnieszka , Skowronek Paweł , Kwit Marcin
Published: June 2018

The chiral, triangular‐shape hexaimine macrocycles (trianglimines), bearing bulky alkynyl or aryl substituents were synthesized and studied by means of experimental and theoretical methods. The macrocyclization reactions are driven by the extraordinary stability of the trianglimine ring and provided products with high yields. Electrostatic repulsion between imine nitrogen atoms and the substituents forced ananticonformation of the aromatic linkers. Although the DFT‐optimized structure of7isD3symmetrical, in the crystal, the macrocycle adopts a bowl‐like molecular shape. The macrocycle self‐assembles into tail‐to‐tail dimers by mutual interdigitation of aromatic moieties. In contrast, macrocycle8adopts a rigid pillararene‐like conformation. The nature of the substituent significantly affects the electronic properties of the linker. As a result, unexpectedly high exciton Cotton effects are observed in the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The origin of these effects was subject of an in‐depth study.
The pivotal role of DNA methylation in the radio‐sensitivity of tumor radiotherapy
Authors: Zhu Xueru , Wang Yiting , Tan Li , Fu Xiaolong
Published: June 2018

Radiotherapy is an important modality for treatment of carcinomas; however, radio‐resistance is still a difficult problem. Aberrant epigenetic alterations play an important role in cancer development. Among epigenetic parameters, DNA methylation has arguably attracted the most attention in the radio‐resistance process. To determine the role of DNA methylation in radiation resistance, several studies were conducted. We summarized previous studies on the role of DNA methylation in radiotherapy. We observed this significant role of DNA methylation in genes related to DNA repair, cell proliferation, cell cycle process, and re‐oxygenation. Furtherly, we also conclude the predictive effect of DNA methylation on tumor radio‐sensitivity and the using of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in clinical practice. DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the radio‐sensitivity of tumor radio‐therapy. While hyper‐methylation or hypo‐methylation of genes is related to gene functions.
18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography can be used to determine the indication for endoscopic resection of superficial esophageal cancer
Authors: Nakajima Masanobu , Muroi Hiroto , Yokoyama Haruka , Kikuchi Maiko , Yamaguchi Satoru , Sasaki Kinro , Kato Hiroyuki
Published: June 2018

18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is a useful imaging modality that reflects the tumor activity. However, FDG‐PET is mainly used for advanced cancer, not superficial cancer. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the superficial tumor depth of esophageal cancer and the FDG uptake to determine the indications for endoscopic resection (ER). From 2009 to 2017, 444 patients with esophageal cancer underwent esophagectomy or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 195 patients were pathologically diagnosed with superficial cancer. Among them, 146 patients were examined by FDG‐PET before esophagectomy or ESD. In these 146 patients, the relationship between the pathological tumor depth and FDG uptake was analyzed. The mean maximum standardized uptake value in pT1a‐EP/LPM tumors was 1.362 ± 0.890, that in pT1a‐MM/pT1b‐SM1 tumors was 2.453 ± 1.872, and that in pT1b‐SM2/SM3 tumors was 4.265 ± 3.233 (P < .0001). Among 51 pT1a‐EP/LPM tumors, 10 (19.6%) showed positive detection of FDG. For pT1a‐MM/pT1b‐SM1 and pT1b‐SM2/SM3 tumors, the detection rate was 52.9% (18/34) and 82.0% (50/61), respectively. The detection rate of pT1a‐EP/LPM was significantly lower than in the other two groups (P < .0001). Among 10 FDG‐PET‐positive lesions, only 1 had no apparent reason for PET positivity; however, 9 of 10 had a suitable reason for detectability by PET and inadequacy for ER. Negative detection of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by FDG‐PET is useful to determine the indication for ER when the tumor depth cannot be diagnosed even after performing magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography. When FDG uptake is recognized, a therapeutic modality other than ER should be considered.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Mechanism on Nitrogen Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Tuomi Sami , Pakkanen Olli J. , Borghei Maryam , Kronberg Rasmus , Sainio Jani , Kauppinen Esko I. , Nasibulin Albert G. , Laasonen Kari , Kallio Tanja
Published: June 2018

Designing earth‐abundant element based efficient and durable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is attracting growing attention as the renewable electricity supply sector urgently needs sustainable methods for storing energy. Nitrogen functionalized carbon nanomaterials are an interesting electrocatalysts option because of their attractive electrical properties, excellent chemical stability and catalytic activity. Hence, this study reports the HER mechanism on nitrogen functionalized few‐walled carbon nanotubes (N‐FWCNT). With this earth‐abundant element based catalyst 250 mV overpotential is required to reach 10 mA cm−2 current density and so its HER activity is comparable to other non‐noble metal catalysts, and clearly among the highest previously reported for N‐FWCNTs. To gain fundament insight on their functioning, computational analysis has been carried out to verify the effect of nitrogen and to analyze the reaction mechanism. The reaction mechanism has also been analyzed experimentally with a pH series, and both the methods suggest that the HER proceeds via the Volmer‐Heyrovský mechanism. Overall hydrogen surface coverage on N‐FWCNT is also suggested to affect the HER rate. Interestingly, in the studied structure, carbons in vicinity of nitrogen atoms, but not directly bound to nitrogen, appear to promote the HER most actively. Furthermore, durability of N‐FWCNTs has been demonstrated by operating a full electrolyzer cell for five weeks.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Molybdenum‐Containing Compounds in Aqueous Glucose Solutions
Authors: Spasova Berta , Kuesters Christof , Stengel Bruno , Kraut Manfred , Brandner Juergen J.
Published: June 2018

The spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum‐containing compounds in aqueous glucose solutions using pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid was investigated. Determination of the molybdenum complex with pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid was performed at λmax = 550 nm. The light absorption of the deeply violet complex follows Lambert‐Beer's law and can be measured with a molar absorptivity in the range of 4414–9020 L mol−1cm−1. The presented method is very sensitive and shows good reproducibility for the extinction values.
How fast are those particles? – BIRC helps first‐year chemistry students to develop dynamic mental models on Maxwell's speed distribution
Authors: Schwedler Stefanie
Published: June 2018

Das Verständnis physikochemischer Konzepte, welche auf dem Verhalten statistischer Entitäten beruhen, stellt eine Herausforderung für fachwissenschaftliche Studienanfänger der Chemie dar. Dazu tragen nicht nur die zur Vermittlung benötigten, anspruchsvollen mathematischen Repräsentationen bei. Der vorliegenden Studie liegt die Annahme zugrunde, dass mentale Modelle des dynamischen Verhaltens vieler Teilchen nötig sind, um die Konzepte auf der submikroskopischen Ebene zu durchdringen. Maxwells Geschwindigkeitsverteilung ist ein solches Konzept. Im Folgenden wird eine interaktive Online‐Lerneinheit vorgestellt, die die Erstsemesterstudierenden beim Aufbau solcher Vorstellungen unterstützen und deren Verknüpfung mit der mathematischen Repräsentation stärken soll. Mit Think‐Aloud‐, Interview‐ und Onlinebefragungen werden sowohl die aktivierten Studierendenvorstellungen analysiert, als auch Selbsteinschätzungen zum Lernerfolg der Probanden erhoben.
Development of a Lagrange–Monte Carlo scheme for fluid modelling of SOL/divertor plasmas
Authors: Tatsumi Ryoko , Runov Alexei , Schneider Ralf , Hatayama Akiyoshi
Published: June 2018

Aiming at reproducing plasma detachment states with a three‐dimensional fluid code, we are developing the Lagrange–Monte Carlo (LG‐MC) scheme. It integrates two schemes, namely a Lagrange scheme for the convective part and a Monte Carlo scheme for the diffusive part. One advantage of the scheme is the semi‐implicit treatment of the pressure gradient term in the convective part, which is essential to solve pure convective problems. As a first step, several one‐dimensional (1D) test calculations have been carried out so far. In this paper, results of the two preliminary tests are presented: (a) a test for the Lagrange scheme solving convective equations, and (b) a test for the integrated LG‐MC scheme solving a convection–conduction equation. These tests confirm the conservative property of the Lagrange scheme and the reliability of the integrated LG‐MC scheme.
Rationally‐Directed Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel‐Rich Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Qiu Haifa , Wang Yonglong , Ye Shihai
Published: June 2018

Despite the attractive potential of Ni‐rich lithium layered oxides of LiNi1‐x‐yCoxMnyO2 as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, the co‐precipitation preparation of their Ni‐rich hydroxide precursors of Ni1‐x‐yCoxMny(OH)2 remains challenging due to strict reaction conditions, discrepant solubility of metal ions, deficient theoretical guidelines and ammonia off‐gas disposal. Facing these, herein, we present a rationally‐designed modified co‐precipitation method to prepare Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 and its Ni‐rich cathode derivative for lithium ion battery. The modification involves four aspects. Firstly, end‐point prediction modelling based on thermodynamic equilibrium is devised to optimize the pH, concentrations of initial ammonia and metal sulphates feed. Secondly, ammonia solution is pre‐added into the reactor to simplify whole process. Thirdly, only one‐off inert gas supply is exerted to protect the solution from ambient air. Besides, an extra apparatus is introduced to absorb ammonia off‐gas. The Ni‐rich hydroxide prepared under optimized conditions is found with the almost designed stoichiometry and compactly aggregated near‐spherical secondary particles. Its lithated Ni‐rich derivative of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 is obtained by lithiation of the hydroxide in air, which, as cathode material, demonstrates superior initial Coulomb efficiency of 86 % and reversible capacity of 196 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, noticeable capacity retention of 95 % after 50 cycles at 1 C and decent cycling stability at 0.2 C. The prominent electrochemical performance can derive from the relatively low cation disorder and reasonable morphology of compact particles with considerable microspaces that favour lithium ion penetration. This method may provide enlightening guidance for the rational design on the synthesis of multicomponent electrode materials.
Home court advantage? Knowledge‐based FDI and spillovers in emerging economies
Authors: Matusik Sharon F. , Heeley Michael B. , Amorós José Ernesto
Published: June 2018

Research Summary:Emerging economies increasingly try to stimulate innovation as a path toward economic development. One side effect of this is that foreign ownership of innovation in these contexts is increasing. This raises the question of how local vs. foreign ownership affects whether spillovers from innovation stay in the focal country or occur outside of it. Based on data from 1995 to 2014 across 35 emerging economies, we find that when ownership of an invention is local, spillovers are more likely to stay local. We also examine how the relationship between foreign ownership and spillovers is moderated by the stickiness of knowledge associated with the invention (relevant country‐level knowledge stocks in the host country, applied orientation, and scope). We conclude with a discussion of theory and policy implications.

Managerial Summary:Stimulating innovation is increasingly perceived as important in emerging economies. As a result, leaders in these economies work to increase foreign direct investment in innovation‐related activities with the hope that these activities will encourage knowledge spillovers locally and, thus, stimulate greater economic development. The effect of foreign ownership of innovations is not yet well understood, though. In this study, we examine where the spillovers from foreign vs. locally owned inventions accrue. We find that when the ownership of an invention is local, the benefits from that invention are more likely to stay local. We also find that the technology characteristics of an invention influence the relationship between foreign ownership and spillovers. We conclude with a discussion of implications for theory and innovation policy.
New and Scalable Access to Karrikin (KAR1) and Evaluation of Its Potential Application on Corn Germination
Authors: Lachia Mathilde , Fonné‐Pfister Raymonde , Screpanti Claudio , Rendine Stefano , Renold Peter , Witmer David , Lumbroso Alexandre , Godineau Edouard , Hueber Damien , De Mesmaeker Alain
Published: June 2018

Karrikin (KAR1), also named ‘karrikinolide’, was isolated in 2004 from smoke water and identified as a very potent germination stimulant as well as controlling early seedling development for a large variety of plant species. We reported herein an unprecedented and scalable synthesis of Karrikin (KAR1) based on an elegant and efficient 6‐endo‐dig cyclization. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of KAR1 on corn seeds germination, we carried out additional studies on the uptake of this butenolide into corn seeds, and the main soil chemiodynamic properties (i.e., persistence and mobility) were calculated or estimated. Finally, we provided a rationalization of the experimental results by building a homology model of corn KAI2, using as template the X‐ray of the KAI2 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana.
A THERAPEUTIC PLAYGROUP FOR DEPRESSED MOTHERS AND THEIR INFANTS: FEASIBILITY STUDY AND PILOT RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF COMMUNITY HUGS
Authors: Ericksen Jennifer , Loughlin Elizabeth , Holt Charlene , Rose Natalie , Hartley Eliza , Buultjens Melissa , Gemmill Alan W. , Milgrom Jeannette
Published: June 2018

Symptoms of depression negatively impact on mother−infant relationships and child outcomes. We evaluated a novel, 10‐session mother−infant therapeutic playgroup—Community HUGS (CHUGS)—which combines cognitive and experiential components through psychoeducation, play, music, and movement. Participants were mothers experiencing a range of postnatal mental health difficulties, including depression, with infants ≤12 months of age. However, the aim was not to treat maternal depression but to ameliorate associated problems in the mother−infant interaction. In the feasibility study, all participants received CHUGS. In the pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT), participants were randomized between intervention and a wait‐list. Outcomes were the Parenting Stress Index (PSI; R.R. Abidin, 1995), Parenting Sense of Competency Scale (Self‐Efficacy subscale; J. Gibaud‐Wallston & L.P. Wandersman, 1978), and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (P.F. Lovibond & S.H. Lovibond, 1995). In the feasibility study (n = 74), PSI scores dropped on all subscales, all ps < .01. Depression, p < .001, anxiety, p = .01, stress, p = .01, and self‐efficacy, p < .001, all showed improvements, as did observer‐rated mother−infant interactions, p < .001. In the RCT, depression, p < .001, anxiety, p = .005, and stress, p < .001, symptoms were significantly reduced for intervention participants (n = 16), as compared to wait‐list participants (n = 15). The CHUGS program had high participant satisfaction and produced improvements in self‐efficacy, depression, anxiety, stress, and mother−infant interactions that supported the program's acceptability and the utility of further rollout.
Antimicrobial blue light photoinactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Quorum sensing signaling molecules, biofilm formation and pathogenicity
Authors: Fila Grzegorz , Krychowiak Marta , Rychlowski Michal , Bielawski Krzysztof Piotr , Grinholc Mariusz
Published: June 2018

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common causative bacterium of acute and chronic infections that have been responsible for high mortality over the past decade. P. aeruginosa produces many virulence factors such as toxins, enzymes and dyes that are strongly dependent on quorum sensing (QS) signaling systems. P. aeruginosa has three major QS systems (las, rhl and Pseudomonas quinolone signal) that regulate the expression of genes encoding virulence factors as well as biofilm production and maturation. Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) is considered a therapeutic option for bacterial infections and has other benefits, such as reducing bacterial virulence. Therefore, this study investigated the efficacy of aBL to reduce P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. aBL treatment resulted in the reduced activity of certain QS signaling molecules in P. aeruginosa and inhibited biofilm formation. in vivo tests using a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model indicated that sublethal aBL decreased the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa. aBL may be a new virulence‐targeting therapeutic approach.
Synthesis of Some Novel 4‐(Furan‐2‐yl)‐5,6‐dimethylpyridines
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. , Berghot Moged A. , Abd El‐Ghani Ghada E. , Khalil Abd El‐Galil M.
Published: June 2018

N‐2‐amino‐4‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐5,6‐dimethylnicotinonitrile (4) was utilized as key intermediate for the synthesis of some new, pyridopyrimidine, benzo[1,5][g]oxazocine, naphthoquinone, and isoindole derivatives. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐NMR, and mass spectral data.
Green Synthesis of Pyrazolo‐thiazolidine‐4‐ones Using Magnetic Nanocomposite of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Nikpassand Mohammad , Fekri Leila Zare , Safa Fariba , Taherkhorsand Hasti
Published: June 2018

Magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite as a recoverable catalyst for the synthesis of novel 1,3‐thiazolidine‐4‐ones at room temperature in a one‐pot procedure without additional organic solvents. IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis were used for the identification of these compounds. Moreover, the catalyst could be easily recovered by magnetic separation and recycled for five runs without significant loss of its catalytic activity. All of synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, and elemental analyses.
Cordyceps cicadae mycelia and its active compound HEA exert beneficial effects on blood glucose in type 2 diabetic db/db mice
Authors: Li I‐Chen , Lin Shan , Tsai Yueh‐Ting , Hsu Jui‐Hsia , Chen Yen‐Lien , Lin Wen‐Hsin , Chen Chin‐Chu
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

This is the first study to investigate the therapeutic effects of Cordyceps cicadae (C. cicadae) mycelia and its active compound N6‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)adenosine (HEA) on blood glucose in genetically diabetic mice.

RESULTS

Forty mice, 9 weeks of age, were divided into normal control, diabetic control, and three C. cicadae mycelia treated diabetic groups. After 9 weeks of continuous supplementation, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and homeostasis model of assessment‐insulin resistance index showed significant glucose tolerance with C. cicadae mycelia. Furthermore, the effect of HEA is similar to that of C. cicadae mycelia in an OGTT, suggesting that HEA could be the major factor responsible for the functional properties of C. cicadae mycelia.

CONCLUSION

Based on these findings, it is suggested that the therapeutic effect of C. cicadae mycelia may be driven by one of its active components, HEA, which could alleviate many diabetes complications in genetically obese mice and may offer promise as a supplement for diabetes management. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
DNA Block Macromolecules Based on Rolling Circle Amplification Act as Scaffolds to Build Large‐Scale Origami Nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Zhiqing , Zhang Hongzhi , Wang Fang , Zhang Guodong , Zhou Ting , Wang Xiufeng , Liu Shuzhen , Liu Tingting
Published: June 2018

A simplified origami strategy to create large‐scale complex DNA nanostructures based on the rolling circle amplification (RCA) is developed. The long repetitive block single strand DNA (ssDNA) synthesized from RCA with a few staple strands are used to fabricate DNA origami, which can be assembled into the first level assemblies of micro‐scale length mono‐nanoladders. Depending on base pairing among the sticky ends of short staple strands in nanoladders, the second level assemblies with large‐scale and controlled structures such as tri‐nanoladder, penta‐nanoladder, and even nanobrocade, can be further achieved.
Hyperspectral imaging sensor for optimization of small molecule formulations
Authors: Kandpal Lalit Mohan , Tewari Jagdish , Tran Kenny , Quan Ernie , Gopinathan Nishanth , Cho Byoung‐Kwan
Published: June 2018

In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensor was used to rapidly estimate the content of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in powder blend samples in order to optimize small molecule formulation. Small molecule powder blend samples containing excipients and varying API concentrations were prepared using a blender. The spectrum of each powder blend was obtained using a short‐wave infrared hyperspectral imaging (SWIR HSI) system over a wavelength range of 1,000–2,500 nm. The use of the SWIR HSI method to predict API concentration in the powder blend samples was validated against that of a high‐performance liquid chromatography method. Partial least squares (PLS) regression and least squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM) analyses were used to build calibration models for predicting API concentration in the powder samples. Both the PLS and LS‐SVM models yielded high coefficients of determination of 0.99 and low errors (root‐mean‐square error of prediction) for API content prediction, which were 0.73 and 0.60 mg, respectively. Furthermore, image processing algorithms were developed to visualize the predicted API concentration in each pixel of the powder surface. Concentration map and binary images were also used to visualize the API concentration in the powder samples. The results suggest that the HSI technique permits the quantification and visualization of pharmaceutical ingredients and could be easily used during manufacturing for the non‐destructive formulations optimization and quality control of products.
Dielectrophoresis‐based microfluidic devices for field‐flow fractionation
Authors: Alazzam Anas , Hilal‐Alnaqbi Ali , Alnaimat Fadi , Ramesh Salini , Al‐Shibli Murad , Mathew Bobby
Published: June 2018

In this communication, dynamic model for analysing micro‐objects’ path in dielectrophoresis (DEP)‐based microfluidic devices for executing field‐flow fractionation is formulated and subsequently employed for parametric study. Electrodes of finite length, that pass along the full width of the microchannel, are placed on the microchannel's upper and lower walls; each upper electrode and electrode gap aligns with a lower electrode gap and electrode, respectively. The model accounts for forces associated with inertia, sedimentation, DEP, drag and virtual mass. The model indicates that micro‐objects’ trajectory depends on actuation voltage, volumetric flow rate, micro‐object radius, electrode and gap dimensions, and microchannel height. The steady‐state levitation height is found to be independent of radius of micro‐object and volumetric flow rate while being dependent on electrode and gap dimensions, microchannel height and actuation voltage. The model predicts that there exists an optimal value of electrode and gap dimensions for which the steady‐state levitation height is maximum when all other parameters are kept constant. The efficacy of the device is demonstrated by separating a heterogeneous mixture of silica and polystyrene microparticles into homogeneous samples.
Impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on work productivity in female workers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Yin , Siu Ka‐Chun , Lin Kuan‐Han
Published: June 2018

Aims

The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on work productivity in female workers.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, PEDro, CINAHL, Cochrane library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO) to identify articles published before July 2017 that studied the work productivity in female workers with LUTS. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute. Meta‐analyses were performed on studies having measured work productivity between females with and without LUTS, and odds ratios (ORs) or the mean differences were used.

Results

Fourteen articles (n = 48 223 females) were included in the review, and meta‐analyses were performed with six of those articles. Lower urinary tract symptoms were significantly associated with work productivity loss (OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.06‐1.15), presenteeism (OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.05‐1.14), and activity impairment (OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.09‐1.14). However, there was no significant difference in the probability of absenteeism between females with and without LUTS (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.94‐1.13).

Conclusions

Evidence suggests that female workers with LUTS had significantly greater work productivity impairment compared to those without LUTS.
An attacker‐defender model for analyzing the vulnerability of initial attack in wildfire suppression
Authors: Rashidi Eghbal , Medal Hugh , Hoskins Aaron
Published: June 2018

Wildfire managers use initial attack (IA) to control wildfires before they grow large and become difficult to suppress. Although the majority of wildfire incidents are contained by IA, the small percentage of fires that escape IA causes most of the damage. Therefore, planning a successful IA is very important. In this article, we study the vulnerability of IA in wildfire suppression using an attacker‐defender Stackelberg model. The attacker's objective is to coordinate the simultaneous ignition of fires at various points in a landscape to maximize the number of fires that cannot be contained by IA. The defender's objective is to optimally dispatch suppression resources from multiple fire stations located across the landscape to minimize the number of wildfires not contained by IA. We use a decomposition algorithm to solve the model and apply the model on a test case landscape. We also investigate the impact of delay in the response, the fire growth rate, the amount of suppression resources, and the locations of fire stations on the success of IA.
Unidimensionality of the personality inventory for DSM‐5 facets: Evidence from two Czech‐speaking samples
Authors: Riegel Karel D. , Ksinan Albert J. , Samankova Dita , Preiss Marek , Harsa Pavel , Krueger Robert F.
Published: June 2018

To date, numerous studies have confirmed empirical relevance of the personality trait model defined in the Alternative DSM‐5 Model for Personality Disorders. The supposed single‐factor structure of its facets and general domains across various samples, however, has not been researched thoroughly. This study focused on evaluating the hypothesized unidimensional factor structure of the lower‐order personality trait facets, as well as the validity of the higher‐order domains. The Czech version of the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 (PID‐5) was used in a sample of 351 community volunteers and 143 psychiatric patients. The fit of the model for 25 facets could not be replicated with the original PID‐5, while a shortened version confirmed the single‐factor structure of all facets and their relevance to the five proposed domains. The findings support unidimensional structure of the modified DSM‐5 personality trait model and imply discussion of the utility of the proposed PID‐5 version. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lactose powder flowability enhancement by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment
Authors: Wallimann Roger , Roth Christian , Rudolf von Rohr Philipp
Published: June 2018

For the first time, an atmospheric‐pressure plasma process is presented that enables continuous flowability improvement of cohesive, temperature‐sensitive, and fine‐grained powder. For this, an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge operating with argon and oxygen is used to dissociate HMDSO and form nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are directly deposited on the surface of cohesive lactose powder. These nanoparticles decrease the distance‐dependent attractive van der Waals forces in between the lactose particles and therefore, improve its flowability. Flow factor and powder surface are investigated using a ring‐shear tester and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. High flow factors are found when the total flow rate and HMDSO concentration trigger the formation of large nanoparticle quantities and agglomerates. Repeating the plasma process up to three times improves flowability from the cohesive regime to the easy flowing regime.
Exoproteome Analysis of Human Pathogenic Dermatophyte Species and Identification of Immunoreactive Proteins
Authors: Eymann Christine , Wachlin Gerhild , Albrecht Dirk , Tiede Stephan , Krummrei Ulrike , Jünger Michael , Hecker Michael , Daeschlein Georg
Published: June 2018

Purpose: Increasing incidence of onychomycosis and tinea pedis in humans of industrialized countries together with deep tissue infections are a therapeutic challenge in clinical mycology. For a better understanding of the pathology and immunology of infection, the authors analyze the exoproteomes of three reference strains of the most common clinical dermatophyte species (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Arthroderma benhamiae) and of Trichophyton strains isolated from affected patients.

Experimental design: Extracellular proteins of those in vitro grown strains are separated via 2D High Performance Electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry to find proteins with provoked host immune reactivity.

Results: More than 80 secreted proteins including virulence factors such as peptidases and other hydrolases are identified. By Western blotting with respective patient sera, up to 31 proteins with significant antigen–antibody reactions are detected in comparison with control sera, for example, peptidases as well as several oxidoreductases. One protein, beta‐glucosidase F2SZI9 seems to be a commonly processed antigen in all Trichophyton infections.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: These first global exoproteome data of three dermatophyte species can be a stepping stone on the way to further study the molecular mechanisms of Trichophyton pathogenicity‐associated traits. Possible candidates for potential new diagnostic methods or vaccination have to be validated in further investigations.
Combining X‐Ray Whole Powder Pattern Modeling, Rietveld and Pair Distribution Function Analyses as a Novel Bulk Approach to Study Interfaces in Heteronanostructures: Oxidation Front in FeO/Fe3O4 Core/Shell Nanoparticles as a Case Study
Authors: Ichikawa Rodrigo U. , Roca Alejandro G. , López‐Ortega Alberto , Estrader Marta , Peral Inma , Turrillas Xabier , Nogués Josep
Published: June 2018

Understanding the microstructure in heterostructured nanoparticles is crucial to harnessing their properties. Although microscopy is ideal for this purpose, it allows for the analysis of only a few nanoparticles. Thus, there is a need for structural methods that take the whole sample into account. Here, a novel bulk‐approach based on the combined analysis of synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction with whole powder pattern modeling, Rietveld and pair distribution function is presented. The microstructural temporal evolution of FeO/Fe3O4 core/shell nanocubes is studied at different time intervals. The results indicate that a two‐phase approach (FeO and Fe3O4) is not sufficient to successfully fit the data and two additional interface phases (FeO and Fe3O4) are needed to obtain satisfactory fits, i.e., an onion‐type structure. The analysis shows that the Fe3O4 phases grow to some extent (≈1 nm) at the expense of the FeO core. Moreover, the FeO core progressively changes its stoichiometry to accommodate more oxygen. The temporal evolution of the parameters indicates that the structure of the FeO/Fe3O4 nanocubes is rather stable, although the exact interface structure slightly evolves with time. This approach paves the way for average studies of interfaces in different kinds of heterostructured nanoparticles, particularly in cases where spectroscopic methods have some limitations.
Advancement of Ag–Graphene Based Nanocomposites: An Overview of Synthesis and Its Applications
Authors: He Kai , Zeng Zhuotong , Chen Anwei , Zeng Guangming , Xiao Rong , Xu Piao , Huang Zhenzhen , Shi Jiangbo , Hu Liang , Chen Guiqiu
Published: June 2018

Graphene has been employed as an excellent support for metal nanomaterials because of its unique structural and physicochemical properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with exceptional properties have received considerable attention in various fields; however, particle aggregation limits its application. Therefore, the combination of AgNPs and graphene based nanocomposites (Ag–graphene based nanocomposites) has been widely explored to improve their properties and applications. Excitingly, enhanced antimicrobial, catalytic, and surface enhanced Raman scattering properties are obtained after their combination. In order to have a comprehensive knowledge of these nanocomposites, this Review highlights the chemical and biological synthesis of Ag–graphene nanocomposites. In particular, their applications as antimicrobial agents, catalysts, and sensors in biomedicine, agricultural protection, and environmental remediation and detection are covered. Meanwhile, the factors that influence the synthesis and applications are also briefly discussed. Furthermore, several important issues on the challenges and new directions are also provided for further development of these nanocomposites.
Multifunctional Electrospun Nanofibers for Enhancing Localized Cancer Treatment
Authors: Fu Yike , Li Xiang , Ren Zhaohui , Mao Chuanbin , Han Gaorong
Published: June 2018

Localized cancer treatment is one of the most effective strategies in clinical destruction of solid tumors at early stages as it can minimize the side effects of cancer therapeutics. Electrospun nanofibers have been demonstrated as a promising implantable platform in localized cancer treatment, enabling the on‐site delivery of therapeutic components and minimizing side effects to normal tissues. This Review discusses the recent cutting‐edge research with regard to electrospun nanofibers used for various therapeutic approaches, including gene therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, thermal therapy, and combination therapy, in enhancing localized cancer treatment. Furthermore, it extensively analyzes the current challenges and potential breakthroughs in utilizing this novel platform for clinical transition in localized cancer treatment.
Single Nanoparticle Magnetic Spin Memristor
Authors: Al‐Bustami Hammam , Koplovitz Guy , Primc Darinka , Yochelis Shira , Capua Eyal , Porath Danny , Naaman Ron , Paltiel Yossi
Published: June 2018

There is an increasing demand for the development of a simple Si‐based universal memory device at the nanoscale that operates at high frequencies. Spin‐electronics (spintronics) can, in principle, increase the efficiency of devices and allow them to operate at high frequencies. A primary challenge for reducing the dimensions of spintronic devices is the requirement for high spin currents. To overcome this problem, a new approach is presented that uses helical chiral molecules exhibiting spin‐selective electron transport, which is called the chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. Using the CISS effect, the active memory device is miniaturized for the first time from the micrometer scale to 30 nm in size, and this device presents memristor‐like nonlinear logic operation at low voltages under ambient conditions and room temperature. A single nanoparticle, along with Au contacts and chiral molecules, is sufficient to function as a memory device. A single ferromagnetic nanoplatelet is used as a fixed hard magnet combined with Au contacts in which the gold contacts act as soft magnets due to the adsorbed chiral molecules.
Epidural Electrotherapy for Epilepsy
Authors: Park Sung‐Won , Kim Jejung , Kang Minpyo , Lee Wonho , Park Byong Seo , Kim Hansung , Choi Se‐Young , Yang Sungchil , Ahn Jong‐Hyun , Yang Sunggu
Published: June 2018

Penetrating electronics have been used for treating epilepsy, yet their therapeutic effects are debated largely due to the lack of a large‐scale, real‐time, and safe recording/stimulation. Here, the proposed technology integrates ultrathin epidural electronics into an electrocorticography array, therein simultaneously sampling brain signals in a large area for diagnostic purposes and delivering electrical pulses for treatment. The system is empirically tested to record the ictal‐like activities of the thalamocortical network in vitro and in vivo using the epidural electronics. Also, it is newly demonstrated that the electronics selectively diminish epileptiform activities, but not normal signal transduction, in live animals. It is proposed that this technology heralds a new generation of diagnostic and therapeutic brain–machine interfaces. Such an electronic system can be applicable for several brain diseases such as tinnitus, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, depression, and schizophrenia.
Light (and darkness) from a light hidden Higgs
Authors: Vega Roberto , Vega-Morales Roberto , Xie Keping
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We examine light diphoton signals from extended Higgs sectors possessing (approximate) fermiophobia with Standard Model (SM) fermions as well as custodial symmetry. This class of Higgs sectors can be realized in various beyond the SM scenarios and is able to evade many experimental limits, even at light masses, which are otherwise strongly constraining. Below the WW threshold, the most robust probes of the neutral component are di and multi-photon searches. Utilizing the dominant Drell-Yan Higgs pair production mechanism and combining it with updated LHC diphoton data, we derive robust upper bounds on the allowed branching ratio for masses between 45 − 160 GeV. Furthermore, masses ≲ 110 GeV are ruled out if the coupling to photons is dominated by W boson loops. We then examine two simple ways to evade these bounds via cancellations between different loop contributions or by introducing decays into an invisible sector. This also opens up the possibility of future LHC diphoton signals from a light hidden Higgs sector. As explicit realizations, we consider the Georgi-Machacek (GM) and Supersymmetric GM (SGM) models which contain custodial (degenerate) Higgs bosons with suppressed couplings to SM fermions and, in the SGM model, a (neutralino) LSP. We also breifly examine the recent ∼ 3σ CMS diphoton excess at ∼ 95 GeV.
Probing non-orthogonality of eigenvectors in non-Hermitian matrix models: diagrammatic approach
Authors: Nowak Maciej A. , Tarnowski Wojciech
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Using large N arguments, we propose a scheme for calculating the two-point eigenvector correlation function for non-normal random matrices in the large N limit. The setting generalizes the quaternionic extension of free probability to two-point functions. In the particular case of biunitarily invariant random matrices, we obtain a simple, general expression for the two-point eigenvector correlation function, which can be viewed as a further generalization of the single ring theorem. This construction has some striking similarities to the freeness of the second kind known for the Hermitian ensembles in large N. On the basis of several solved examples, we conjecture two kinds of microscopic universality of the eigenvectors — one in the bulk, and one at the rim. The form of the conjectured bulk universality agrees with the scaling limit found by Chalker and Mehlig [JT Chalker, B Mehlig, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 3367] in the case of the complex Ginibre ensemble.
The two-dimensional twisted reduced principal chiral model revisited
Authors: González-Arroyo Antonio , Okawa Masanori
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Motivated by our previous study of the Twisted Eguchi-Kawai model for non minimal twists, we re-examined the behaviour of the reduced version of the two dimensional principal chiral model. We show that this single matrix model reproduces the same features as the standard lattice model. In particular, scaling towards the continuum limit, the correct value of the internal energy, the magnetic susceptibility and the mass gap. Given our capacity to reach larger values of N, we use the reduced model to study the nature and properties of its large N phase transition existing at intermediate coupling. We conclude that the transition is of first order.
What Is the Long-term Survival for Primary THA With Small-head Metal-on-metal Bearings?
Authors: de Steiger Richard , Peng Andrea , Lewis Peter , Graves Stephen
Published: June 2018

Background

Large-head metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing hip replacements have been shown to have a much higher rate of revision than other bearing surfaces. However, small-head (≤ 32 mm) MoM bearing surfaces have been in use for many years with several reports of satisfactory mid- to long-term survivorship. It is unclear whether the long-term survival of small-head MoM devices will continue to be satisfactory or whether the same concerns seen with the large-head MoM devices will ultimately become more prevalent.

Questions/purposes

We analyzed a large national registry to ask: (1) What is the 15-year Kaplan-Meier survivorship of primary conventional THA using small-head (≤ 32 mm) MoM bearing surfaces compared with large-head MoM bearing surfaces in primary THA? (2) Is there an increased rate of revision for adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) in this group of patients over time?

Methods

The Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry longitudinally maintains data on all primary and revision joint arthroplasties with nearly 100% capture. We analyzed all conventional primary THAs performed from Registry inception in September 1999 until December 31, 2015, in patients with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis and using MoM bearing surfaces ≤ 32 mm in diameter, defined as small-head MoM. The study group included 4838 primary THA with ≤ 32-mm MoM bearing surfaces. There were 2506 (51.8%) male patients and the median age of patients undergoing THA with a small-head MoM bearing surface was 64 years (range, 20-92 years of age). The outcome measure was the cumulative percent revision defined as the time to first revision using Kaplan-Meier estimates of survivorship at 15 years; reasons for revision and type of revision were also examined. We specifically investigated whether there was an increased risk of revision for ARMD in this MoM group compared with all other bearing surfaces. We compared these results with large-head MoM THAs (femoral head size > 32 mm).

Results

The cumulative percent revision for small-head MoM designs at 15 years was 8.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3-9.9). The cumulative percent revision for large-head MoM at 14 years was 27.4% (95% CI, 24.8-30.2). Prostheses with a large-head MoM articulation have a higher rate of revision than small-head MoM bearing surfaces (hazard ratio after 6 years, 5.14; 95% CI, 4.1-6.5; p < 0.001). Over time, there was a gradual increase in the diagnosis of ARMD for small-head MoM and the cumulative incidence of revision for ARMD was 0.8% at 15 years.

Conclusions

Despite survival that is substantially greater than that of large-head MoM THAs, there has been a marked decrease in the use of small-head MoM designs in our registry. Although the reasons for this are likely multifactorial, the increasing incidence of revisions for ARMD among small-head MoM THAs is concerning.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, therapeutic study.