bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigations of PM2.5 Long-term Exposure and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Women: An Overview
Authors:   Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pitttsburgh, PA 15261, USA, Zhu Lei , El Khoudary Samar R. ,   Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pitttsburgh, PA 15261, USA, Adibi Jennifer ,   Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pitttsburgh, PA 15261, USA, Youk Ada O. ,   Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA, Talbott Evelyn O. ,   Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pitttsburgh, PA 15261, USA
Published: February 2023

Background/Aim Evidence demonstrates that coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a biological marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction. Acute cardiovascular effects of temporary and chronic environmental particle exposures sensitive to ≤2.5 micrometers in diameter (here termed “PM2.5”) have been well-studied. However, there is less information on the long-term effects of PM2.5 exposures on the earlier pre-clinical stage of CVD, especially in women (in whom it is also established experience frequent cardiovascular late- and under-diagnoses). This phase of pre-diagnosis pathological activity is classified as subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) unless and until a patient meets established clinical diagnostic criteria. In this systematic review, we summarize reported associations of long-term PM2.5 and SCA exposure, with investigators placing an emphasis on gender differences in any documented associations. Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature review for articles published from 2007 to 2022 that reported associations of long-term PM2.5 and SCA and evaluated each study with areas of particular focus including study designs, populations at risk, and exposure measures. Results Investigations representing four cohorts yielded equivocal findings related to long-term PM2.5 exposure and CAC. Three cohorts reported positive associations between long-term PM2.5 and CAC development/progression. Two studies supported a strongly positive associations among women or postmenopausal women for PM2.5 on CAC. Studies, however, evaluating PM2.5 exposure associations with carotid intima-media thickness (another biomarker of SCA), reflect increases in both men and women with ↑ PM2.5 levels but reporting no gender differences in PM2.5 exposure and this measure of SCA. Conclusion Our study identifies important gaps in current knowledge synthesis including different methods of PM2.5 estimation and linkage, a lack of consensus of what constitutes long-term air pollution, and the selection of important covariates and intermediate variables. Our aim is to outline best practices going forward in the investigation of PM2.5 long-term exposure and SCA in women
Unintended Effects of Coronavirus Disease-2019
Authors:   Health Care Development Consultancy, 1650 S Delaware Street Unit 217, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA, Wesson James M.
Published: February 2023

As of this writing: “Globally, as of 4:22 pm CEST, 25 May 2022, there have been 524,339,768 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), including 6,281,260 deaths, reported to World Health Organization (WHO). As of 23 May 2022, a total of 11,752,954,673 vaccine doses have been administered”
The role of communication in the survival of Nazi concentration camp prisoners
Authors:   Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Aristov Stanislav V. , Aristova Valentina N. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: February 2023

The aim of the article is to analyze the communication of prisoners of Nazi concentration camps as one of the factors in the prisoners' struggle for life in extreme conditions. The sources of the research are materials from Russian and foreign archives: the State Archive of the Russian Federation (Russia), the Yad Vashem Archive (Israel), the Security Service Archive (Ukraine), the Holocaust Memorial Archive (USA), the Bundesarchive (Germany), as well as published memoirs and interviews of former prisoners. In particular, the authors analyzed the testimony of former prisoners, criminal cases against the concentration camps' administrative and security personnel convicted in the course of post-war trials. As a result of their research, the authors concluded that language ability and communication played a critical role in the rescue of prisoners. If prisoners spoke several languages, mastered the internal camp jargon, and also managed to build communication with representatives of the camp administration, functionary prisoners and ordinary prisoners, their chances of survival increased significantly. If adaptation to the camp's linguistic realities did not take place, prisoners had practically no opportunity to escape. The authors examine the characteristics that determined the framework of the camp community, among which the main were Nazi ideological attitudes, as well as prisoners' pre-camp experience. They thoroughly analyze German and camp jargon - the languages that, if mastered, determined prisoners' survival. The authors show how German changed due to lexical and semantic neologisms and the role it played in prisoners' subjugation, demonstrate that the camp jargon developed in several directions - the formation of a single lingua franca and the formation of jargon in national groups of prisoners, and also pay particular attention to the role that translators played in the camp life. The authors characterize the basic models of camp communication: “SS man - ordinary prisoner”, “SS man - camp functionary”, “representative of the camp ‘elite' - ordinary prisoner”, “prisoner - prisoner”, “prisoner - civilian worker”, and note the possibility (or impossibility) of prisoners within each of them to be saved. Finally, the authors describe the role of communication in organizing the underground Resistance, in order not only to survive, but also to actively resist the Nazi terror.
Conservative approach towards the Austrian identity in works by Friedrich von Gentz and Adam Muller von Nitterdorf (1816-1832)
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Ragozin G.S.
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the issue of Austrian identity emergence and transformation in conservative intellectual discourse of 1816-1832, concentrating on the legacy of Friedrich von Gentz and Adam Muller von Nitterdorf. The author analyzed ideas presented in works by Friedrich von Gentz, e.g. Manifestos of Emperor Francis I he edited; his speculations on the political systems of Austria, Germany and Europe; his essays published in Osterreichischer Beobachter [Austrian Observer]. The author also analyzed works by Adam Muller von Nitterdorf, including his political essays, panegyric pamphlets addressed to Emperor Francis I and the didactic essay on school education based on dynastic patriotism. The correspondence of the two public figures was also studied. The research methodology is based on the history of concepts that deals with the emergence and evolution of a certain concept in its historical and political contexts. Besides, the author employed the terms and concepts “historical memory”, “historical discourse” and “identity”. The conservative political thought of the Austrian Empire was the main context for speculations on the Austrian identity and also referred to criticism against the French Revolution of the 18th century and to the revisiting of the Napoleonic Wars in the Vormarz period (1815-1848). The author came to the following conclusions. Both intellectuals had a similar approach towards the role of the monarch and loyalty towards him as a core self-identification element for the Austrian Empire's multiethnic population - a “family of peoples”, according to Gentz. This image was broadcast via periodicals monopolized by the officials after the Karlsbad decrees. The “organic constitution” concept played a vital role. According to both intellectuals, Francis I was also a formal symbol of Austrian leadership in German lands. At the same time, Gentz and Muller had a different understanding of an “Austrian”. Muller referred to universalist patterns from previous periods with his speculations on an “Austrian” as a sum of all communities living within the empire. On the contrary, Gentz referred to an “Austrian“ as a subject of the empire with German as a native language and belonging to German culture. Such contradictions were significant in distorting the identity policy of the Metternich government. At the same time, both intellectuals agreed that reinforcing this identity is possible only with the active support of the authorities. For the rest of the society it was to be implemented via school education. The Catholic church was also to play an important role in implementing the policy, with the Josephinism and neo-Josephinism approaches of active inclusion of the clergy into leading the public opinion in a required discourse. After the two intellectuals and the emperor passed away, the conservative doctrine failed to preserve its leadership in the Empire.
Chekist, participant in hostilities, publicist: To the biography of Boris Antonovich Yankovsky
Authors:   Omsk Auto-Armored Engineering Institute, Sushko Alexey V. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Petin Dmitriy I. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the possibilities of personal and professional adaptation of a “man of the revolution” to the dynamic and changing conditions of the Soviet society during the first half of the 20th century. The authors reconstruct the biography of a resident of the province - Boris Antonovich Yankovsky (1903-1964), whose life path incorporated the features both typical of the era and unique. The methodological basis of the study was the anthropological approach and the synthesis of macro- and micro-history; historical-biographical and comparative-historical methods were also used in the work. The sources for the research were unpublished ego-documents (questionnaire, autobiographies and memoirs) permanently stored in the Historical Archive of Omsk Oblast and in the Archive of the Federal Security Service of Russia in Omsk Oblast. The presence of such a significant and informative array of sources about a former employee of the Soviet special services is infrequent. This circumstance, as a result, made it possible to reconstruct Yankovsky's biography in as much detail as possible and to characterize his inner world. A feature of Yankovsky's biography is that in the conditions of social cataclysms he showed professional mobility, skillfully found himself and his vocation realizing his creative writer and publicist talents, he also served in the army, in state security agencies, and worked as a journalist. Yankovsky did not hold high positions, apparently burdened by the manager post, and preferred individual activities. Wars had an undoubted influence on Yankovsky. As evidenced by the study, he was an ideological person, devoted to the Soviet system, persistent, fearless, enterprising, emotional, direct and ready for sacrifice. At the same time, even though he was twice oppressed along the party line, he was able to safely avoid repression. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that the fate of Boris Yankovsky can be called a typical example of a “grassroots” person who was able to successfully take advantage of the conditions of the Russian Revolution, which created social elevators for talented people.
Tomsk Institute of Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering: Scientific contribution to the development of specialized industries
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Raskolets Victor V. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Kosterev Anton G. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Kim Maksim Yu. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics
Published: February 2023

Based on the materials of the periodical press, office documentation, memoirs of contemporaries using systematic, historical and genetic approaches, diachronous historical analysis, the article interprets the scientific contribution of Tomsk Institute of Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering to the achievements of specialized industries in the 1960s - early 1970s. The fact is emphasized that the scientific development of the Institute in the 1960s and early 1970s took place against the backdrop of a number of contradictory processes that encouraged and hindered scientific work. There was a favorable regulatory, legal and institutional climate for the development of the Institute, however, the very nature of the institution in the form of a higher school and its peripheral position in the scientific and educational space of the USSR did not favor active scientific research. This was reflected in problems related to personnel, logistics and maintenance, which the Institute had to solve until the end of the first decade of its existence. Success here was ensured thanks to the help of the leaders of the region in the second half of the 1960s (Yegor Ligachyov), due to the competent policy of the Institute's leaders and the enthusiasm of the younger generation of the Institute's employees. Almost immediately the Institute began to position itself as an educational and research institution that, developing specialized industries, incorporates at the level of state and economic contractual relations with institutions located both in the center and on the periphery. Setting up R&D was successful, which, among other things, shows at the level of the Institute's quantitative indicators. As a result, by the beginning of the 1970s, the Institute became an integral part of the scientific and educational space of the region, which, in turn, provided it with additional opportunities to contribute to the development of the USSR's core industries. The conclusion is formulated that in the first decade the Institute faced logistics- and personnel-related problems; however, it was at this time that the foundation was laid for subsequent successful scientific development. Further research on this issue in two directions is desirable: (1) a comparative historical study of higher schools in the field of electronics and radioelectronics to analyze indicators and identify efficiency; (2) biographical and prosopographic studies of the graduates of Tomsk Institute of Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering to determine their contribution to the achievements of Soviet science and technology in the 1960s and subsequent decades.
Prolonged effect of methods of physical culture and health classes on elderly men
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Peshkov Vladimir F.
Published: February 2023

The relevance of the topic is justified by the lack of studies on the prolonged effect of long-term recreational physical training of elderly men on the development of their physical qualities and physical performance as integral indicators of the assessment of morpho-functional systems of the body, long-term adaptation of the body to graduated (primarily strength) exercise. The aim of the study is to identify and evaluate the prolonged effect of the developed first and second variants of the methods of physical culture and wellness classes that were tested during the first and second stages of eight-month-long cycles and the ten years of pedagogical experiments on the dynamics of the manifestation of physical qualities, physical performance of one contingent of men aged 60 to 65 and 64 to 69. Experimental work was carried out in the Tomsk-Klub wellness center in Tomsk for ten years, from 2010 to 2019. Men aged 60-69 took part in the experiment. The research methods are: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, materials of own research; methods of interpretation of research results, pedagogical observation; testing of physical qualities; assessment of physical performance; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. The specificity of prolonged action has been proved, two variants of methods of physical culture and wellness classes have been developed to adapt the body of elderly men to long-term targeted and graduated (primarily strength) exercise. Adaptation is characterized by the specificity of the manifestation of types of strength qualities when performing exercises that differ in biomechanical structure. 10 years of systematic classes of health-improving physical culture of men aged 60 to 69, according to the first variant of the technique, slow down the involutional aging processes: the preservation of functional reserves of the cardiovascular, respiratory and neuromuscular systems, economical adaptation of the body to long-term physical loads are observed. The second variant of the methodology of physical culture and wellness classes (based on the first variant, but supplemented with a developed methodology for the use of restorative means) proved to be more effective during the first and second stages of eight-month-long pedagogical experiments than the first variant of the methodology for it provides a prolonged effect on the stabilization of the functional capabilities of physiological systems, mechanisms of long-term adaptation of the body to graduated (primarily strength) exercise, which is manifested in the stable dynamics of the development of strength, strength endurance, statistical strength endurance, physical performance in men aged 65 to 69 in the parameters they had when they were 60 to 64.
On a new vector of professional training of an investigator in the conditions of digital transformation
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Malysheva Olga A.
Published: February 2023

The subject of the research was the compliance of the investigator's professional competence with the requirements of modern criminal procedural practice against the background of the annual rapid growth of committed cybercrimes. It is established that the intensification of scientific and technological progress has led to the emergence of new tasks for the investigator, the solution of which requires him to be able to apply modern technical means, IT technologies in the process of proving. Possession of only legal knowledge in the conditions of digitalization of public relations becomes insufficient for investigators, since it does not allow them to fully, comprehensively, objectively, in compliance with a reasonable time, amply ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings to investigate criminal cases of these crimes. Modern educational programs are not aimed at forming the necessary professional competence of an investigator in the context of digital transformation and require adjustments. In the article, the author actualizes the interrelation between the content of the investigator's professional training and the quality and timeliness of the investigation of criminal cases of cybercrime, proves the need for the investigator to acquire special knowledge in IT, clarifies the current state and determines prospects for the professional training of investigators in the conditions of digitalization, reasons the need for changing educational programs for the training of investigators with an emphasis on the disciplines of the digital block in them. The research uses general scientific methods of cognition: formal logical, comparative legal, synthesis, content analysis of scientific literature, conversation, method of expert assessments. The conclusions of the research are based on the results of studying the opinions of investigators during their questionnaires and interviews with them, analyzing the materials of criminal cases on crimes investigated by investigators, summarizing the data of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, research on this problem by other authors. Modern conditions of social development dictate the need to abandon the traditional idea of what knowledge investigators should possess. It should be enough for them to possess such knowledge, skills, competencies that would allow them to confidently work with digital information regardless of its forms of existence, apply IT in pre-trial proceedings. The change in the vector of professional training of an investigator should be perceived not only by departmental educational organizations of higher education aimed at training investigators, but also by other educational organizations training future lawyers in order to ensure the demand for their graduates in the labor market in the conditions of digital transformation.
The church underground in Moldova in 1944-1964: emergence, shapes, participants
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko State University of Transnistria, Sodol Veacheslav A.
Published: February 2023

The post-war period in the history of state-church relations in Soviet Moldova developed under the permanent pressure of the authorities on church institutions and clergy, with the attempts to gradually oust religion and the church from the lives of citizens. In response to the large-scale attack on the church, the population of Moldova was looking for ways and means to meet their religious needs. One of these ways was going into the church underground. The reduction in the number of “official” parishes and registered white clergy revitalized the so-called impostors, who satisfied the religious needs of believers in non-functioning temples or in their own houses. Knowing that, according to the canonical rules, the divine services were possible only if there was an antimension consecrated by the bishop, the representatives of the religious “twenties” actively hid antimensions when parishes were closed to provide them to the “legal” clergy, impostors or the self-appointed for services at the first opportunity. Though the monastic system was eliminated and the number of working parish churches was reduced, the number of religious services remained almost unchanged throughout the period under study, which was possible in some degree due to the activities of the church underground of Moldova, whose participants were both believers and representatives of the local clergy.
The dialect basis of Mykhailo Atamanyuk’s translation of the German-language Ein Kampf um’s Recht by K.E. Franzos
Authors:   Mykhailo Kotsiubinsky Vinnytsa State Pedagogical University, Prokopchiuk Liudmyla V. , Gorofyanyuk Inna V. ,   Mykhailo Kotsiubinsky Vinnytsa State Pedagogical University
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on the first Ukrainian translation of the novel Ein Kampf um’s Recht by the Austrian writer Karl Emil Francoz of the mid-19th century, which tells about the struggle of Galician peasants - Rusins - for their land. The translation was made in Chernivtsi in 1910 by Mykhailo Atamanyuk, a Ukrainian writer and translator, whose creative legacy has been unfairly overlooked by researchers. Mykhailo Atamanyuk grew up and got education in Austro-Hungary, where he witnessed the interethnic dialogue and intercuLturaL contacts and mastered the local dialect from his childhood. These factors, together with Atamanyuk's consonance with Franzos in the perpception of reality, formed a reliable basis for a high-quality translation into the native language of its heroes. The authors argue that the translation under analysis accurately conveys all the typical features of the local dialect. The article analyses the translation in terms of the dialectal facts on different language levels and identifies phonetic, morphological, lexical, and syntactic dialectal phenomena, typical for the Transnistrian dialect of the Galician-Bukovinian dialects within the South-Western dialect of the Ukrainian language. Basing on the two toponyms mentioned in the novel, the authors determine its linguo-spatial background - Kolomyisky, Tlumatsky, Horodenkivsky, and Snyatinsky districts of Ivano-Frankivsk Region of modern Ukraine, which represent the Transnistrian dialect at the Ukrainian dialect map. These dialects formed the basis of the Western Ukrainian variety of the literary language, which contributed to the popularity of the novel among Ukrainian readers. Thus, for the first time, the dialect basis of Atamanyuk's Ukrainian translation of the novel Ein Kampf um’s Recht by K.E. Franzos has been established.
National originality of the land image in Ukrainian folk dumas and the works by Vasyl Stefanyk: a psychological aspect
Authors:   Sumy State University, Nabok Marina N. , Yankovska Zhanna O. ,   National University of Ostroh Academy
Published: February 2023

The article studies the original psychologism in the interpretation of the land image in Ukrainian folk dumas and short stories by Vasyl Stefanyk, who was a representatives of the “Pokutia triad” (Vasyl Stefanyk, Les Martovych, Marko Cheremshyna). Using the comparative method, the semantic-cognitive and the concept-analysis, the authors determine the national peculiarities of worldview of the heroes, the role of the author's principle, the transformation of linguistic signs of nationally marked lexes, expressing the worldview of ethnocultural groups of Galicia, Pokuttya and Steppe Ukraine in their dialectical unity. The article emphasizes that the symbolism of the land in Ukrainian folk dumas and short stories by Stefanyk is expressed in the paradigm of the concepts “land - breadwinner”, “land - family”, “land - will”, “land - glory”, “land - life”. It is noted that for the Galician peasants the land was of the greatest value and holiness, which is most often expressed in the image of “land - breadwinner”, while for the heroes of Ukrainian folk dumas, the land is a symbol of freedom. The focus on the originality of the poetic means, which reveal the national characteristics of the heroes. Such a comparative research has been conducted for the first time to be further expanded in future in the folklore and literary studies.
The world of Hutsuls through the eyes of Sergei Parajanov: semiotic translation, film language, existential invariants
Authors:   Yerevan State University, Simyan Tigran S.
Published: February 2023

The article analyses Parajanov's reflections on semiotic translation, on the example of the life, traditions, and customs of the Hutsuls, as recorded in his article “Eternal Movement” about his film Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors. Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors became a stylistic and semantic invariant for Parajanov's subsequent films. In fact, it became a manifesto movie. Parajanov found his own thematic language and creative constants, such as rituals, traditions, customs, and sacraments. By focusing on the creative invariants of the lives of different peoples (Hutsuls, Armenians, Turks, Tatars, etc.), Parajanov began to aesthetically conjecture and reveal their inner worlds, customs, and more. Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors is based on a deep love of Hutsul culture, as well as I. Savchenko's “method” that assumes a direct cognition and absorption of the object-culture, nature, and the sensual world on different communication channels (visual, auditory, olfactory). Based on the deep knowledge of the Hustsul culture, Parajanov works with the world of values, by translating the text into a visual image, as well as fantasizing visual customs. Through the bearer of culture, an elderly woman, he began to look at the world of the Hutsuls and absorb their spirit for the correct reconstruction of the material in the transnational language of beauty and recoding denotative codes into connotative ones. Parajanov's reflection on the film showed the transition from the amorphous cinematic language of socialist realism to the language of auteur cinematography: the rejection of clear plot reproduction, photographic reproduction of everyday life, manners and customs, “notorious canons”, “old habits, and impressions”. The emergence of the author's cinematic language made his conflict with the Soviet cinematic system and nomendaturai “elite” even clearer. This is evidenced by the fact that Parajanov still had to defend his position and argue against dubbing his film, since in that case, the viewer would lose the authentic auditory world of the Hutsuls.
The Rus and Hungarians on the Lower Danube in 943
Authors:   Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yurasov Mikhail K.
Published: February 2023

Russian chronicles give different dates of Igor's second campaign against Byzantium. Researchers adhere to the dating of The Tale of Bygone Years (Povest' vremennykh let) - 944; however, 943 seems to be the most possible, since Igor's contract with the Greeks was preceded by difficult, and therefore long negotiations, which resulted in Igor's agreement with the Greeks in 944. Earlier in 943, the Hungarians passed through Bulgaria, having confirmed the agreement on the tribute by the “empire of the Romans.” Those who support that Igor's second campaign against the Greeks shoud be dated 943 try to link it with the military action of the Hungarians, having no serious grounds for this. Until 970, the Hungarian leaders did not enter into military alliances with the Kievan princes, since their robber raids were directed mainly to the west, while their invasions of the Balkans became more frequent after their defeat in Germany in 955. Nevertheless, setting off in a raid on Byzantium in the spring of 943, the Hungarians learnt about Igor's military preparations from the Eastern Slavs from Transcarpathia, who had close contacts with the Tivertsy, Igor's allies in his summer campaign of 943. To achieve their goals, the Hungarians skillfully took advantage of the news that a more significant army had been assembled in Russia to march to the Balkans. In his turn, Igor benefited from the fact that the Hungarians had already sown fear in Byzantine society before his arrival on the Lower Danube, saying that Bulgaria did not prevent “northern barbarians” from passing through its territory.
Socio-political views of Stanislav Orekhovsky in the context of his selfidentification
Authors:   National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Hodz Nataliia B. , Vladlenova Iliana V. ,   National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”
Published: February 2023

The paper analyses the legacy of Stanislav Orekhovsky, who identified himself with the Rusins. He lived in the culture of the borderland, combining various cultural elements and stereotypes, which formed his original philosophical, religious, and socio-political ideas. The study of his work helps to determine the complex processes of the formation of the socio-cultural space and consciousness of the Rusins during the Renaissance. Moreover, understanding these processes provides a broader view of the events of that time in Europe. The originality of Orekhovsky's socio-political views is rooted in the intercuLturaL dominant of his worldview. His socio-political views are determined by the idea of justice as a basic social value. Mentality and national character influence the formation of ideas in the same way as education, ethnocultural self-awareness, and religion. Orekhovsky's socio-political views advanced those of other prominent representatives of the Enlightenment, in particular, his concept of equality of all under the law. His works provide a most deep and comprehensive picture of general trends in the development of cultural, philosophical, and socio-political thought of that time in the interaction of various aspects of human activity and the assimilation of cultures.
The concept pokornyy in the history of the Rusin language
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Tolstik Svetlana A.
Published: February 2023

The language representation of the most important ethical concepts is in the field of interests of modern linguistics. This article dwells on the history of the formation of the concept pokornyy (Eng. submissive, obedient) in the Rusin language. This concept is expressed by three Rusin adjectives - two cognate lexemes pokornyy, pokorlivyy and rezignovanyy. The comparative historical and areal analysis of this synonymous series has shown that the linguistic expression of the concept under study is either inherited from the Old Russian lexical fund (adjective pokornyy), or is Church Slavonism (adjective pokorlivyy). or borrowed from the Polish language (adjective rezignovanyy). The adjective pokornyy in the Rusin language has changed in connection with the development of society and transition to new social relations. The adjective pokornyy. inherited from Old Russian, indicates a forcible renunciation of rights due to force. subjugation. The Church Slavonicism pokorlivyy expresses an active property, submissiveness, renunciation of one's own free will. The adjective rezignovanyy. borrowed from Western European languages. means voluntary renunciation of one's rights. reflecting another basis for submissiveness.
Basic colour terms in the lexical-semantic field of colour in the Rusin language
Authors:   Univerzitet u Novim Sadze, Fejsa Mikhaylo
Published: February 2023

The main goal of this research is to present basic colour terms in the lexical-semantic field of colour of the Backa-Srem Rusin (Ruthenian) chromatic terminology, which has not been studied in Slavic studies so far. Rusin equivalents to the basic colour terms distinguished by Brent Berlin and Paul Kay in their work Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution (white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, gray) are bila, cams, cevena , Helena, zovta/zolta , belava, braon, llova , celova , pomarancecova/pomarandzecova and siva; the equivalents zovta and pomarancecova are characteristic for the inhabitants of Ruski Krstur whereas the equivalents zolta and pomarandzecova are characteristic for the inhabitants of Kucura. The research corpus is mainly composed of Serbian-Ruthenian Dictionary and Ruthenian-Serbian Dictionary. The analysis has shown that the basic colour terms often coincide in two genetically related languages such as Rusin and Serbian but there are many important differences. The Rusin lexeme bila has the equivalents bela and plava in Serbian, and the Rusin lexeme belavahas the equivalents plavaand sedain Serbian when naming hair or beard. There are several cases when an adjective that conveys a given colour is necessary in one language but not in the other (e.g. Rusin cibul'a : Serbian crniluk, Rusin zel'ena pasul'a : Serbian boranija). Most of the chromatic terms are of Slavic origin (“ belv > bila, “сыпъ> cama, “siv>siva, “zelenъ >zel'ena, “ztv>zolta/zovta) but loanwords have been increasingly used for nuanced purposes, e.g. azurna, teget, akvamarin, tirkizna in recent decades; some of them remain unchanged, e.g. blond, braon, drap, krem, bez and oker in both languages, and lila and roze only in Serbian. The lexeme colour in both researched Slavic languages is not of Slavic origin; the lexeme boja in the Serbian language originates from Turkish (Turkish boya), and the lexeme farba in Rusin (as well as in Serbian when the term refers to non-linguistic entities) is of German origin (German farbe).
Russian speech in the language contact zone: active trends in deviations from the speech standard
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Rezanova Zoya I. , Korshunova Irina S. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: February 2023

In the article, the authors characterize the functional version of the Russian language, which was formed in the language contact zone in the places of compact settlement of the the Shor, Khakass, and Tatar speakers in the south of Western Siberia. Spontaneous oral speech of bilinguals is presented as an independent subsystem that can be analysed according to the norms of the written codified Russian literary language. The authors discuss what types of deviations from the speech standard (DLS) prevail in the speech of Turkic-Russian bilinguals and whether deviations of speech norms depend on the basic sociolinguistic characteristics of native speakers - age and education. The material includes about forty hours of recorded texts, marked by deviations from the speech standard. The data were preprocessed before the analysis, with DLS tags combined by language levels: Phon, Morph, Synt, Lex, Disc., and files loaded into the R programming language environment. The statistical analysis has shown significant quantitative predominance of DLS conditioned by oral spontaneous communication. They include variants of hesitation and formal-semantic and functional incompleteness of utterances. The second most frequent DLS are various types of deviations of syntactic coherence and constructive correctness of utterances. Significantly inferior to them are DLS at the Lexical and morphological levels. However, deviations from the norms of syntactic coherence in a significant number of cases manifest interference caused by the influence of native languages of bilinguals. The dependence of DLS distribution on the basic sociolinguistic characteristics of bilingual speakers - age and education - was found only for groups of morphological and syntactic errors.
The Russian language in the Chinese Three Rivers region: linguistic features
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Oglezneva Elena A. , Pustovalov Oleg V. ,   Heihe University
Published: February 2023

The authors analyse the Russian speech of immigrants' descendants from Russia to the Chinese Three Rivers region in the Inner Mongolia in the 20th century. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study various forms of existence of the modern Russian national language, including those in foreign countries. The research is based on both oral and written sources collected by the authors in 2017-2018 during their expeditions to Enhe Russian Ethnic Township (China). The research has shown deviations in the speech of immigrants' descendants from the norms of the Russian literary language due to the use of Russian in its dialect form, as well as interference from Chinese. The authors have proved that the Russian dialects of the Three Rivers region are genetically related to the Russian dialects of Eastern Transbaikalia, which, in turn, are related to the North Russian dialects. The dialectal features of the Russian dialects of the Chinese Three Rivers quialify them as the translitional dialects on the North Russian basis. Since there were no external factors of influence on the dialectal Russian language from its other idioms, the stated dialectal form of the Russian language remained unchaged until the early 21st century. The article considers both the dialectal originality of Russian speech in the Three Rivers region at different language levels (phonetics, morphology, syntax, vocabulary), and the cases of interlingual interference resulting from the influence of the Chinese language on the Russian dialect system. The authors describe the following factors that determine the intensity of interference: generation, education, profession, and language environment. Having described the active zones of interaction between typoLogicaLLy different Chinese and Russian and determined the areas of interference in the Russian speech of bilinguals, the authors detected “weak points” of the Russian language system in the situation of Russian-Chinese bilingualism. Thus, the authors have studied the variant of the Russian language specific for the Chinese Three Rivers region and concluded that it preserves the Russian dialect base influenced by the interference from Chinese, which is an understudied fact of the Russian language environment in emigration.
Corpus bibliometric aspects of Slavic studies in Russian-language scholarly electronic resources in the context of categories of historical knowledge
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Bocharov Alexey V.
Published: February 2023

The article analyses the task of measuring completeness, representativeness, and balance when creating a corpus of Russian-language texts on Slavic literature. The criteria for a disciplinary corpus can be calculated using a bibliometric and scientometric approaches. Different categories of historical knowledge can denote phenomena comparable to the themes and problems of research in Slavic studies. A total of 76 historical categories have been tested (historical analogy, historical memory, historical possibility, historical time, historical personality, etc.). All historical categories associated with Slavic studies or with Rusins have been ranked according to the frequency of search results of full-text resources in scholar.google.ru and academia.edu. The following indicators have been identified and analysed: representation of Slavic studies in a number of other regional studies disciplines; joint occurrence of various linguistic disciplines with Slavic studies; correlation and distribution of the category of historical knowledge in texts with Slavic themes. The author has studied the frequency distribution of the connection between historical categories and Slavic studies and shown the specificity of the influence of Slavic subjects on different categories and functioning of historical consciousness in the Slavic academic community. He concludes that corpus balance can be considered at four levels within the possibility of creating: 1) a philological corpus with texts in various areas of linguistics and literary criticism; 2) a historiographic corpus with historical texts of various themes and genres in one language; 3) a regional corpus with texts on various regional disciplines; 4) a disciplinary corpus only on the subject of Slavic studies.
Pyotr Lodiy's ideas of socio-philosophical research in the Russian Empire in the first quarter of the 19th century
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Bogdanov Vladimir V. , Lysak Irina V. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: February 2023

The historical approach to Pyotr Lodiy's works made it possible to rethink his contribution to the formation of philosophy as an independent discipline and the development of university philosophical education in the Russian Empire. Lodiy laid down such ideas of socio-philosophical research as a critical analysis of philosophical concepts through the prism of personal practical experience, as well as aiming theoretical research on social problem solving. He made an invaluable contribution to the development of the philosophical framework of categories and concepts by introducing terminology of classical Western European philosophical systems to the Russian language. According to the comparative analysis, Lodiy's works were rather close to those of Immanuel Kant, since Lodiy agrees with Kant's categorical imperative. However, in Lodiy's opinion, it is not so much an individual moral duty as the social environment disposes a person to follow the moral categorical imperative. Lodiy argues that the goal of theoretical philosophy is practical philosophy, which, in turn, has an impact on social mores. Hence, it necessitates the state concern for the development of philosophical education. Due to Lodiy's activity, there appeared first doctors and professors of philosophy, who earned their academic degree at Saint Petersburg Imperial University. He also contributed much to the establishment of Russian philosophical schools and encouraged his disciples and followers to take interest in socio-political issues, which predetermined further development of philosophy in the Russian Empire.
The Economic Potential of Agriculture in Eastern Galicia in the Interwar Period
Authors:   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Levandivskyi Omelian T. , Humeniuk Volodymyr V. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the economic potential of the agrarian sphere of Eastern Galicia in the interwar period of 1918-1939, the territory of which in certain periods was under the influence of different states. This has also left an imprint on agriculture. Agrarian reforms in the interwar period were accompanied not only by the intensification of the economic activities of property owners and farms, but also by the introduction of advanced agricultural machinery. The article investigates the impact of the economic crisis of the early 1930s on the reduction of agricultural machinery and the decline in purchasing power of the population. The development of market relations in Eastern Galicia during the interwar period was accompanied by the concentration of agricultural machinery mainly at large property owners and farmers, and the lack of it in small peasant farms, where primitive tools of labor were still widely used. The state economic policy contributed little to the industrial development.
The concept of “Old” and “New” Europe by Roman Dmowski and its role in the discourse of modern Polish foreign policy
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Trezubov Matvey D.
Published: February 2023

Roman Dmowski, a Polish nationalist and a founder of the independent Polish state, occupies an important place in Polish history. After the restoration of Poland on the political map of Europe, there was a need for a certain foreign policy that could give prosperity to a country de facto deprived of its agency for 123 years. Dmowski argues that the national identity can be protected from the Protestant countries of the West only through defining it as a main guardian of the Latin civilization. He formulated this thesis on the basis of Houston Chamberlain's The Foundation of the 19th Century, Oswald Spengler's The Decline of Europe and numerous works of Feliks Koneczny, who had a fundamental influence on Dmowski. His concept aimed at saving the Latin civilization (Italy, Poland, and France, led by Charles Maurras) from the affects of Jewish civilization and Protestantism in particular, representing the Latin civilization largely due to the reinterpretation of the Protestant countries and its further antagonization. This bloc was purely defensive and wasn't implemented in practice. Speaking about the discourse of modern Polish foreign policy, one can find many allusions to Dmowski, although it should be understood that the Polish government are not endecja (Narodowa Demokracja). So, for example, the “German-Pole” dichotomy, which was used Dmowski, is now in many ways one of those associated with the intra-European crisis. Now, in connection with the events of February 24, Poland potentially has every chance of becoming a hegemon in the Eastern European policy of the European Union, since it fully supports Ukraine and close integration with it. Since Ukraine is already a candidate for EU membership, this will allow it to compete with Germany in EU politics and possibly even result in EU reforms, due to its active pro-Ukrainian policy.