bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THERMOPLASTIC VULCANIZATES BASED ON DYNAMICALLY VULCANIZED POLYPROPYLENE/CARBOXYLATED NITRILE RUBBER BLENDS
Authors: Soares Bluma G. , Freitas Juliana B. , Silva Adriana A. , Sirqueira Alex S.
Published: February 2019

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on polypropylene (PP) and carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) with improved mechanical properties were prepared by dynamic vulcanization using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) in combination with N,N′-m-phenylene-bis-maleimide (BMI) as a cross-linking system. The effect of PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) or with glycidyl methacrylate (PP-g-GMA) and triethylene-tetramine (TETA) as the compatibilizing systems on the mechanical, morphological, and dynamic mechanical properties of PP/XNBR blends was investigated. Experimental results revealed that PP-g-GMA has a better compatibilizing efficiency. Tensile strength and elongation at break presented a significant improvement with the addition of 2.5 to 7.5 phr of this functionalized PP. The improvement of the tensile properties was observed for all blend compositions studied. Also the tensile properties of the blends did not change considerably after three reprocessing cycles, confirming the efficiency of this system as a TPV. The presence of PP-g-GMA also resulted in an increase of the apparent melt viscosity of the corresponding TPVs, confirming the reactive compatibilization. A decrease in rubber particle size with the presence of PP-g-GMA was also observed by scanning electron microscopy.
To “MOOC” or Not to “MOOC”: Contributors to the Successful Implementation of MOOC in Countries of the GCC
Authors: Salman H Alsoliman Badr
Published: February 2019

Educational universities of GCC countries have developed a promising implementation of distance learning by delivering complete courses and degrees online. The present study aims to investigate the potentials and barriers for the successful implementation of MOOC in GCC countries. Delphi methods have been employed by recruiting 10 experts for maintaining a feasible and acceptable number of a sample size from different GCC countries. The findings indicated the issues related to a reduction in the fees of MOOCs and improvement in the adaptability of the offered MOOCs. The study pinpointed the instructors’ significant role in the provision of user-customized feedback and highlighted the instructors’ need for reward and recognition for the needed time and efforts. GCC countries can reap the benefits of MOOCs, if they reshaped their educational policies as a new model of credible learning, leading to employers’ recognition to MOOCs certificates.
Ocupar, resistir e produzir: o pré-assentamento Irmã Dorothy, em Barbosa Ferraz - PR
Authors: Jorge Aline Albuquerque , Serra Elpídio
Published: February 2019

Ocupar, produzir, resistir. Foi com tais propósitos que aproximadamente 50 famílias camponesas ligadas ao MST – Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra – tomaram posse, em 2005, da Fazenda São Paulo, no município de Barbosa Ferraz, região centro-ocidental do Paraná e lá se mantêm, como que desafiando sucessivas ordens de despejo emitidas pelo Poder Judiciário. A área ocupada, de 573,20 hectares, foi dividida em lotes individuais pelos próprios camponeses, que deram ao acampamento o status de pré-assentamento rural, e o batizaram com o nome da religiosa Irmã Dorothy. Estudar o processo de luta pela terra dos camponeses de Barbosa Ferraz é o objetivo deste trabalho, no qual se procurou valorizar as estratégias e anseios da luta camponesa, a receptividade da comunidade local e regional e os caminhos percorridos nas esferas do Poder Judiciário, tanto por parte do antigo proprietário pela reintegração de posse, como pelos apoiadores dos trabalhadores acampados, pela efetivação de um projeto de reforma agrária.
Risco social na Região Imediata de Campina Grande: subsídios para a compreensão das condições socioambientais
Authors: Queiroga Amanda Alves , Da Luz Maiane Barbalho , Cunico Camila
Published: February 2019

A ocupação de áreas impróprias à habitação pela parcela mais pobre da população tem ocasionado uma maior exposição desta aos desastres provenientes de fenômenos naturais. O trabalho buscou caracterizar o risco social na Região Imediata de Campina Grande, na Paraíba, com o intuito de fornecer subsídios que auxiliem na gestão e planejamento ambiental da região. Foram integrados indicadores sociais e econômicos (renda per capita mensal abaixo de um salário mínimo, população total e domicílios sem abastecimento de água pela rede geral, entre outros) para elaboração de mapas, de modo a compreender o risco social. Os indicadores foram escolhidos para analisar o contexto social e econômico, além da privação de serviços essenciais. O risco social foi categorizado em “muito baixo”, “baixo”, “moderado”, “alto” e “muito alto”. A parte leste da região apresentou uma maior concentração de municípios de “muito alto” a “alto” risco social. A parte oeste mostrou-se bastante heterogênea, predominando municípios em situação de “baixo” risco social. A pesquisa realizada em escala regional fornece aporte para efetuar novos estudos em uma escala intraurbana, assim os gestores dos municípios poderão obter os resultados como uma contribuição para tomada de decisão, avaliando as áreas mais vulneráveis aos desastres.
Elementos teóricos e sociais da paisagem em áreas urbanas: um estudo semiótico no caso de Itapuranga - GO
Authors: Pinheiro Neto José Elias , Marins Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira
Published: February 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar as particularidades de uma comunidade por meio de uma hipótese científica utilizando a leitura das paisagens baseada na semiótica, uma vez que esta carrega uma série de elementos simbólicos que demonstram características intrínsecas que são produtos das relações que se desenrolam no meio social. Tais questões são debatidas mediante uma revisão bibliográfica que envolve a temática e observações empíricas na pesquisa de campo, além da coleta e análises de imagens fotográficas. Os resultados mostram que, a partir da leitura dos códigos e símbolos expressos no cenário social, trouxemos à tona algumas presunções que foram construídas ao longo das discussões teóricas, desvelando diversas relações sociais, políticas, econômicas e culturais contidas no espaço urbano de Itapuranga. Portanto, este trabalho evidencia a relevância da leitura das paisagens urbanas utilizando um viés alternativo no sentido de contextualizar e problematizar as diversas relações sociais entre os diferentes grupos dentro do espaço urbano.
Outcomes After Hemiarthroplasty of the Elbow for the Management of Posttraumatic Arthritis: Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Werthel Jean-David , Schoch Bradley , Adams Julie , Steinmann Scott
Published: February 2019

Background:

Hemiarthroplasty (HA) of the elbow represents an alternative to total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) without the associated activity restrictions. This study reviews our experience with distal humerus HA with minimum 2-year follow-up.

Methods:

Between 2002 and 2012, 16 elbows underwent HA for posttraumatic arthritis of the elbow. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years or until revision surgery. Outcome measures included pre- and postoperative Mayo Elbow Performance Scores (MEPSs), complications, and revisions.

Results:

Mean age at arthroplasty was 45 years, and follow-up averaged 51 months. All patients had previously undergone one or more surgical procedures at the elbow (average of 1.5 procedures). At follow-up, five had undergone additional surgery; two were revised to TEA. In surviving implants, the range of motion at follow-up was markedly improved from preoperative motion. The MEPS for the remaining HA included five excellent results, three good results, five fair results, and one poor result.

Discussion:

Elbow HA is an option for young or active patients with end-stage elbow posttraumatic arthritis who are unwilling to accept activity limitations. However, high rates of revision surgery and revision to TEA occur after HA for posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the elbow. Only 57% of patients with surviving implants had a good to excellent MEPS, although improvement in the range of motion was predictable.
The Effectiveness of Comprehensive Health Education Programming to Decrease Cardiovascular Health Disparities: The Case of HeartSmarts
Authors: Tettey Naa-Solo
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTION: Chronic illnesses, such as heart disease, affect African Americans at disproportionately higher rates due in part to low health literacy and a lack of comprehensive health education programs.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the effectiveness of HeartSmarts, a culturally tailored, comprehensive cardiovascular health education program, in improving cardiovascular health literacy.

METHODS: Peer health educators were trained to deliver an extensive curriculum focused on cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. Upon completion, they delivered this curriculum in their churches and communities. Pre- and post-assessments were administered for blood pressure, weight, waist circumference, and knowledge of cardiovascular disease.

RESULTS: Fourteen predominantly African American churches in New York City participated, and 199 participants completed the program. Participants experienced decreases in blood pressure and weight, improved their health-related behaviors, and significantly increased their knowledge of cardiovascular health.

CONCLUSION: The HeartSmarts program demonstrates the effectiveness of using a comprehensive health education approach to help combat these issues. Programs that use strategies similar to HeartSmarts should be implemented for other health conditions to decrease health disparities.
Dísticos elegíacos en Carducci (“Nevicata”, Odi Barbare, II)
Authors: Paraíso Isabel
Published: February 2019

Las Odi Barbare de Giosuè Carducciconstituyen un hito mundial en la poesía que imita las formasmétricas grecolatinas, tanto por su altura poética como porsu precisión técnica. Carducci sortea el insoluble problemade trasvasar los esquemas cuantitativos clásicos medianteel sistema acentual italiano y la reproducción rítmica delmodelo. Dentro de los 55 textos que componen las OdiBarbare, hemos escogido, para su traducción y exégesis,el poema “Nevicata”. Está escrito en dísticos elegíacosgriegos, canónicamente compuestos por un hexámetro yun pentámetro. Con su métrica clasicista, Carducci renuevala poesía italiana moderna, y se convierte en referenciapermanente para la poesía occidental.Giosuè Carducci’s Odi Barbare is aparamount reference for modern poetry in the Westernworld. Their technical perfection and their poetic excellencegrant them a leading place among poems which imitateclassical versification. As it is impossible to use long andshort syllables in modern languages to reproduce Greekand Roman schemes of poetry, Carducci employs a blendof stressed and unstressed syllables to imitate the rhythmof his models. From the 55 Odi Barbare, we have selected“Nevicata” to be translated and studied. Its pattern is Greekelegiac couplet (or distich), composed of a hexameter anda pentameter. Odi Barbare by Carducci stimulates andinnovates the modern Italian poetry. It becomes a permanentreference for poetry in our Western culture.
The Decision-Making Protocol for Mathematics Coaching: Addressing the Complexity of Coaching With Intentionality and Reflection
Authors: Baker Courtney , Knapp Melinda
Published: February 2019

More than ever, mathematics coaches are being called on to support teachers in developing effective classroom practices. Coaching that influences professional growth of teachers is best accomplished when mathematics coaches are supported to develop knowledge related to the work of coaching. This article details the implementation of the Decision-Making Protocol for Mathematics Coaching (DMPMC) across 3 cases. The DMPMC is a framework that brings together potentially productive coaching activities (Gibbons & Cobb, 2017) and the research-based Mathematics Teaching Practices (MTPs) in Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All (NCTM, 2014) and aims to support mathematics coaches to purposefully plan coaching interactions. The findings suggest the DMPMC supported mathematics coaches as they worked with classroom teachers while also providing much-needed professional development that enhanced their coaching practice.
Noticing and Wondering: A Language Structure to Support Mentoring Conversations
Authors: Roller Sarah A.
Published: February 2019

Teachers and mathematics teacher education scholars have identified field experiences and quality mentoring as influential components of math teacher preparation and development. Yet, quality mentoring is a complex and demanding practice. Providing educative feedback to novices, particularly that which encourages reflection versus evaluation, can be challenging work for mentors. To study the potential of an intervention for providing professional development for mentors, I worked with pairs of mentors and prospective teachers (PSTs) offering Smith's (2009) noticing and wondering language as a way of structuring mentoring conversations that maintain both descriptive and interpretive analytic stances. Analysis of before and after conversations provided evidence of how mentor-PST pairs adopted noticing and wondering language, and in particular illuminated the ways in which the language structure might support interpretive mentoring conversations for studying teaching. The results suggest that mathematics teacher educators may want to consider what makes wondering challenging work and how to best support wondering in educative mentoring conversations.
Docência e planejamento de cursos para as áreas da Economia Criativa
Authors:   Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro/Professor, Santos Heloisa Helena de Oliveira
Published: February 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir a atuação docente na formulação de cursos em instituições públicas de ensino. Para discutir esta atuação, a metodologia proposta é a de formulação de um curso cujas etapas envolvem o diagnóstico e análise do histórico, características e necessidades/demandas do local em que o curso se insere, incluindo o acompanhamento do público que atualmente frequenta a instituição de ensino, alinhamento com a proposta institucional e proposta de curso que se fundamente nestas informações levantadas. Também apresentamos, no artigo, os resultados do planejamento de um curso livre que tem como referência as noções de economia criativa e que busca atender a demanda específica de formação de mulheres, população mais vulnerável socialmente, em uma região empobrecida localizada na Baixada Fluminense/Rio de Janeiro.
Evaluación de competencias matemáticas específicas en la formación de profesores de Educación Media en Chile
Authors: Quiroz Meza Alonso Benjamin , Mayor Ruiz Cristina
Published: February 2019

En este artículo, se identifican temáticas y se describen propuestas efectuadas por formadores de profesores de matemáticas, respecto de estrategias para su evaluación. Mediante una metodología mixta de profundización, se aplicó en una primera fase, una encuesta a 56 formadores de 25 Programas de Formación en Pedagogía en Matemáticas de todo Chile, sobre sus creencias y disposiciones relativas al enfoque de formación por competencias, de igual modo a los criterios, métodos e instrumentos asociados. En una segunda fase, con base en los resultados de la encuesta se seleccionó una muestra intencionada de tres formadores, a quienes se entrevistó en dos oportunidades, con el propósito de profundizar aspectos centrales de la implementación del enfoque de formación por competencias, particularmente en el ámbito evaluativo. Los resultados reafirman la conveniencia de la integración de saberes y muestran la factibilidad de transitar desde formas tradicionales de evaluación hacia estrategias más integradoras y holísticas.
Análisis cualitativo de la implantación del Marco Común de Evaluación (CAF Educación) en centros de Educación Primaria de la Región de Murcia
Authors: Ayala Ato Serafín , Hernández Pina Fuensanta , Monroy Hernández Fuensanta
Published: February 2019

Por el deseo de mejora de la calidad del sistema educativo no universitario es cada vez más habitual encontrar modelos para la gestión de la calidad total, provenientes del mundo empresarial, aplicados al ámbito educativo. El Modelo CAF Educación (Common Assessment Framework o Marco Común de Evaluación), se está implantado en los centros educativos de la Región de Murcia desde el curso 2012/2013. Sin embargo, no existe evidencia sobre el estado de dicha implantación y la opinión de los colectivos implicados. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (1) identificar los motivos que llevaron a los CEIP a implantar el Modelo CAF Educación; (2) describir la forma en la que se ha desarrollado o está desarrollando la implantación del Modelo CAF Educación en los CEIP de la primera etapa en la CARM; y (3) conocer las dificultades a las que se han enfrentado los centros educativos en dicha implementación. Mediante un estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, tipo encuesta se entrevistaron a trece profesionales de centros educativos. Los resultados mostraron que la implantación está siendo costosa. Los principales motivos para iniciar la andadura en el Modelo son la mejora de los procesos de organización y la gestión. Las dificultades más notorias atañen tanto al vocabulario empleado en el Modelo CAF como al esfuerzo que requiere su implantación.

The desire to improve the quality of the non-university educational system is increasingly common to find models for the management of total quality, from the business world, applied to the educational field. The CAF education Model (common Assessment Framework) is being implemented in the educational centers of the region of Murcia since the course 2012/2013. However, there is no evidence of the state of such implantation and the opinion of the groups Involved. The aims of this study were: (1) to find out about the reasons why schools decided to introduce the CAF Education Model, (2) to describe the way in which it has developed or is developing the implementation of model CAF education in the primary school of the first stage in the CARM, and (3) to identify the difficulties that have faced the educational centres in the implementation. Through a descriptive, qualitative, survey-type study, Thirteen professionals from schools were interviewed. The results showed that the main reason for introducing the Model was a need for improving school organization and management. The Model was primarily implemented by school committees devoted to quality assurance and elected by schools themselves. The main difficulties for participants and those involved in the implementation process were understanding the complex language used in the implementation process, as well as the great efforts required for the Model to be fully operational.
Un estudio transversal sobre las actitudes de los estudiantes de pregrado y máster en ciencias de la educación hacia las personas con discapacidad
Authors: Macías Gómez María Escolástica , Aguilera García José Luis , Sánchez Manuel Rodríguez , Hernández Soledad Gil
Published: February 2019

El objetivo del estudio es explorar las actitudes hacia las personas con discapacidad de estudiantes de Grado de titulaciones relacionadas con la educación primaria y secundaria, en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
El instrumento de medida utilizado fue la Escala de Actitudes hacia las Personas con Discapacidad –EAPD- (M. A. Verdugo, Arias, B., y Jenaro, C., (1995), con nivel de fiabilidad, en la aplicación del Alpha de Cronbach = 0.92. Esta escala mide los Factores: Valoración de las Capacidades y Limitaciones; Reconocimiento/Negociación, Implicación Personal; Calificación Genérica y Asunción de Roles.
De los resultados, con una muestra de 314 alumnos, se destaca que el alumnado tiene actitudes positivas, si bien se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre los diferentes subgrupos de la escala y titulaciones.

The objective of the study is to explore the attitudes toward people with disabilities of students of Degree of qualifications related to primary and secondary education, at the Complutense University of Madrid.The measuring instrument used was the Scale of Attitudes towards Persons with Disabilities -EAPD- (MA Verdugo, Arias, B., and Jenaro, C., (1995), with reliability level, in the application of Alpha de Cronbach = 0.92 This scale measures the Factors: Assessment of Capacities and Limitations, Recognition / Negotiation, Personal Involvement, Generic Qualification and Assumption of Roles.From the results, with a sample of 314 students, it is highlighted that the students have positive attitudes, although significant differences have been found between the different subgroups of the scale and degrees.
INNOVACIONES ACADÉMICAS ACTUALES EN LA ORTOGRAFÍA DE LOS EXTRANJERISMOS EN LA LENGUA ESPAÑOLA
Authors: Giménez Folqués David
Published: February 2019

En la actualidad, los extranjerismos representan un fenómeno muy importante en la evolución de la lengua española. Por ello, ante las últimas oleadas de voces extranjeras, las actuales obras académicas las recogen y ordenan con el fin de mantener la integridad de la lengua. Obras como el Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, la Ortografía de la lengua española y Las normas académicas: últimos cambios revisan todo este caudal léxico con el objetivo de mantener el ideal de unidad lingüística entre las diferentes zonas hispanohablantes. En el horizonte se vislumbra el tono panhispánico que tanto se ha cuidado desde la Real Academia Española y la Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. Ante esta situación, es importante que la lengua no se fragmente con la incorporación excesiva de estos extranjerismos, ya que la situación de unidad es la que asegura un futuro panhispánico uniforme en nuestra lengua. Los cambios ortográficos ante la adaptación de las voces extranjeras representan uno de los principales campos de batalla en la revisión de las mismas. Desde las obras académicas se ha intentado que la ortografía de estas voces extranjeras se adapte a formas propias de la lengua española. Así pues, en este artículo nos hacemos eco de los últimos cambios ortográficos que se han realizado y observaremos en qué estado se encuentra nuestra lengua después de estas revisiones y sus respectivas propuestas.
NOVEDADES LÉXICAS EN REVISTAS FEMENINAS: PROCEDIMIENTOS DE FORMACIÓN Y VALOR SEMÁNTICOPRAGMÁTICO DE LAS UNIDADES
Authors: Estornell Pons María
Published: February 2019

El presente artículo pretende mostrar una de las particularidades léxicas de determinadas revistas femeninas, como es la creación de unidades y el uso de voces nuevas formadas con diferentes mecanismos patrimoniales o con la combinación de elementos patrimoniales y foráneos. A partir de un corpus elaborado, se presentan y analizan distintas voces desde el punto de vista de su formación y de su valor semántico-pragmático en el texto. Asimismo, se observa el aspecto de la marcación tipográfica de las unidades, en relación con la norma del español.
EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA PUNTUACIÓN EN LOS LIBROS DE ESTILO PERIODÍSTICOS
Authors: Roselló Verdeguer Jorge
Published: February 2019

Los signos de puntuación son un elemento fundamental para organizar y entender la información que leemos y escuchamos en los medios de comunicación. En este artículo se analiza el tratamiento que los libros de estilo periodísticos realizan de la puntuación y cuál es la importancia que conceden al tema. En concreto, nos centramos en los libros de estilo de los diarios El País, El Mundo, ABC y del grupo de comunicación Vocento. Analizamos, igualmente, el enfoque que sobre los signos de puntuación realizan los medios audiovisuales (radio y televisión), y lo hacemos a través de un manual sobre redacción y locución en radio y del Manual de estilo de TVE
ORTOTIPOGRAFÍA CIENTÍFICA EN PUBLICACIONES MÉDICOQUIRÚRGICAS: LA NORMATIVA ACADÉMICA RELATIVA A LA PREFIJACIÓN
Authors: Aguilar Ruiz Manuel José
Published: February 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el grado de cumplimiento de la normativa académica relativa a la correcta escritura de las palabras prefijadas (recogida en la nueva Ortografía de 2010) que realizan algunas publicaciones periódicas de carácter científico-técnico y, en concreto, del ámbito médico-quirúrgico. Se trata de una labor de profundización en un estudio anterior (Aguilar Ruiz 2012: 9-12). Para ello, comentamos los errores e incorrecciones más recurrentes de un corpus de publicaciones científicas argentinas de finales de 2012.
APROXIMACIÓN AL LÉXICO DEL TURISMO ACTIVO: CODIFICACIÓN LEXICOGRÁFICA, FORMACIÓN Y VARIACIÓN DENOMINATIVA
Authors: Estornell Pons María
Published: February 2019

En el presente artículo se describe el léxico que conforma el llamado turismo activo del español europeo y se analiza desde tres puntos de vista: su codificación lexicográfica, contrastando el diccionario de la Real Academia Española con diccionarios descriptivos; la formación de sus unidades, que abarca el fenómeno del préstamo y los distintos mecanismos de creación de palabras; y, en tercer lugar, la variación formal y denominativa que caracteriza este vocabulario. El corpus de voces y de muestras de uso ha sido extraído de Internet, en concreto de determinadas fuentes legislativas disponibles en la red y de diferentes páginas web promocionales. Igualmente, se han tomado como referencia diccionarios en formato electrónico. Todo ello en relación con la pertenencia de este trabajo al proyecto arriba citado.
EL LÉXICO DEL TURISMO EN EL ESPAÑOL DE ARGENTINA: ESTUDIO DE LAS PRINCIPALES PÁGINAS WEB HOTELERAS
Authors: Giménez Folqués David
Published: February 2019

El mundo del turismo ha evolucionado en los últimos tiempos de una manera notable gracias al auge de internet. Asimismo, con esta nueva herramienta, este sector ha ampliado su campo de visión comercial y, por lo tanto, ha encontrado una vía más rápida y eficaz para llegar al público. El ámbito de investigación lingüística que se dedica al turismo no ha tardado en hacerse eco de esta nueva situación y, de esta manera, ha empezado a contemplar en su campo de estudio la variante que supone internet en el turismo. Uno de los motivos de este interés es el aumento terminológico que se ha detectado en el ámbito turístico mediante esta vía. Este incremento se debe a la aparición masiva de anuncios turísticos por la facilidad y rapidez que supone, por parte de las empresas y demás entidades, situarlos en la web. En este artículo, estudiaremos en concreto el español turístico de Argentina, centrándonos en el aspecto léxico. Tomaremos especial atención en aquel léxico que es propio del habla argentina, para observar así sus características y peculiaridades. Para llevar a cabo el estudio de estos parámetros léxicos utilizaremos el filtro de los diccionarios académico, tanto de los españoles como de los argentinos.
LENGUA DE SEÑAS ARGENTINA (LSA) Y ESPAÑOL EN LA ALFABETIZACIÓN DE ALUMNOS SORDOS. APORTES PARA LA PRÁCTICA EDUCATIVA
Authors: Lapenda María Eugenia
Published: February 2019

En el desarrollo de un modelo educativo Intercultural y bi(pluri)lingüe (lengua de señas argentina –LSA- y español como lengua segunda) y otras lenguas extranjeras, lenguas muy disímiles constituyen la realidad lingüística del escenario educativo. El objetivo de este artículo es plantear algunas reflexiones acerca de la relación entre ellas en el proceso de alfabetización de alumnos sordos.
Ephrin-B3 controls excitatory synapse density through cell-cell competition for EphBs
Authors: Henderson Nathan T , Le Marchand Sylvain J , Hruska Martin , Hippenmeyer Simon , Luo Liqun , Dalva Matthew B
Published: February 2019

Cortical networks are characterized by sparse connectivity, with synapses found at only a subset of axo-dendritic contacts. Yet within these networks, neurons can exhibit high connection probabilities, suggesting that cell-intrinsic factors, not proximity, determine connectivity. Here, we identify ephrin-B3 (eB3) as a factor that determines synapse density by mediating a cell-cell competition that requires ephrin-B-EphB signaling. In a microisland culture system designed to isolate cell-cell competition, we find that eB3 determines winning and losing neurons in a contest for synapses. In a Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM) genetic mouse model system in vivo the relative levels of eB3 control spine density in layer 5 and 6 neurons. MADM cortical neurons in vitro reveal that eB3 controls synapse density independently of action potential-driven activity. Our findings illustrate a new class of competitive mechanism mediated by trans-synaptic organizing proteins which control the number of synapses neurons receive relative to neighboring neurons.
MYOD1 functions as a clock amplifier as well as a critical co-factor for downstream circadian gene expression in muscle
Authors: Hodge Brian A , Zhang Xiping , Gutierrez-Monreal Miguel A , Cao Yi , Hammers David W , Yao Zizhen , Wolff Christopher A , Du Ping , Kemler Denise , Judge Andrew R , Esser Karyn A
Published: February 2019

In the present study we show that the master myogenic regulatory factor, MYOD1, is a positive modulator of molecular clock amplitude and functions with the core clock factors for expression of clock-controlled genes in skeletal muscle. We demonstrate that MYOD1 directly regulates the expression and circadian amplitude of the positive core clock factor Bmal1. We identify a non-canonical E-box element in Bmal1 and demonstrate that is required for full MYOD1-responsiveness. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrate that MYOD1 colocalizes with both BMAL1 and CLOCK throughout myonuclei. We demonstrate that MYOD1 and BMAL1:CLOCK work in a synergistic fashion through a tandem E-box to regulate the expression and amplitude of the muscle specific clock-controlled gene, Titin-cap (Tcap). In conclusion, these findings reveal mechanistic roles for the muscle specific transcription factor MYOD1 in the regulation of molecular clock amplitude as well as synergistic regulation of clock-controlled genes in skeletal muscle.
Subjective wellbeing at different spatial scales for individuals satisfied and dissatisfied with life
Authors: Kubiszewski Ida , Zakariyya Nabeeh , Jarvis Diane
Published: February 2019

Indicators that attempt to gauge wellbeing have been created and used at multiple spatial scales around the world. The most commonly used indicators are at the national level to enable international comparisons. When analyzing subjective life satisfaction (LS), an aspect of wellbeing, at multiple spatial scales in Australia, variables (drawn from environmental, social, and economic domains) that are significantly correlated to LS at smaller scales become less significant at larger sub-national scales. The reverse is seen for other variables, which become more significant at larger scales. Regression analysis over multiple scales on three groups (1) all individuals within the sample, (2) individuals with self-reported LS as dissatisfied (LS ≤ 5), and (3) individuals self-reporting LS as satisfied (LS > 5), show that variables critical for LS differ between subgroups of the sample as well as by spatial scale. Wellbeing measures need to be created at multiple scales appropriate to the purpose of the indicator. Concurrently, policies need to address the factors that are important to wellbeing at those respective scales, segments, and values of the population.
Profit Efficiency and Poverty Status of Farmers in Selected Rice Growing Communities in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Idiong Idiong C. , Iko Michael A.
Published: February 2019

Aim: This study analyzed the profit efficiency and poverty status of rice farmers in selected rice growing communities in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Methodology: The multistage random sampling was used to select rice farming households in the study area. Primary data were collected by means of questionnaire. The mean per capita household expenditure (MPCHHE) and the P-alpha measures of poverty were used for the measurement of poverty while the Stochastic Profit Frontier (SPF) was used to obtain the efficiency estimates and determinants among the rice farming households. The logit regression model was also used to show the effect of some factors on poverty status of the rice farmers.

Results and Discussion: The results showed that, out of the 64.32% of the farmers who were generally poor, 40.85% and 23.47% of them were assessed to extremely and moderately poor respectively. The incidence, depth and severity of poverty were 65.32%, 27.84% and 16.38% respectively. The study further showed that profit efficiency ranged between 0.34 and 1.0 with mean efficiency of 0.73, suggesting that there are opportunities for rice farmers in the State to increase their farm income with a view of reducing their poverty levels. The result indicate that educational level, farm size and efficiency negatively influenced poverty while sex, age, educational level, farm size, household size and farming experience were the main determinants of profit efficiency. Inadequate credit access, capital and supply of farm inputs; high cost of labour, poor marketing outlets, and near absence of modern processing facilities were the rice production constraints.

Conclusion and Recommendations: The study has shown that rice farmers in the State were majorly poor and relatively efficient with opportunities for improvement. To improve the profit efficiency of rice farmers and reduce their household poverty status would require addressing some vital policy indicators that influenced them. Such policies should encourage experienced rice farmers to remain in production, the raising of the level of education of the poor through adult education, and provision of single digit interest loans and input subsidies to enable the farmers increase their farm sizes.
Investigation of Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Celosia argentea against Tissue Injury Caused by Rifampicin Administration
Authors: Owoade Abiodun Olusoji , Adetutu Adewale , Olorunnisola Olubukola Sinbad , Ogundipe Olufemi Ogundeji
Published: February 2019

This study evaluated the antioxidant and possible protective effects of Celosia argentea against tissue injury caused by rifampicin administration. The antioxidant property of the aqueous extract of C. argentea was assessed in-vitro using 2,2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sufonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The results obtained revealed the free radical scavenging ability of the extract against the radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. Administration of rifampicin to rats for 28 days induced a significant increase in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and increase cholesterol levels in the plasma, liver and kidney while HDL cholesterol was decreased. It also elevated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver and kidney. However, co-administration of C. argentea extract to rifampicin treated rats significantly reversed all these rifampicin induced changes. The levels of AST, ALT, ALP and cholesterol in the plasma, liver and kidney were decreased while HDL cholesterol level was increased. In addition, SOD activity was elevated while MDA was depressed when compared to the rifampicin treated rats. The extract of C. argentea was found to be rich in phenolic content and was proved to have no toxic effects on rats when administered alone to normal rats at a dose level of 400mg/kg/day. This study demonstrated that C. argentea leaf extract ameliorates rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and could be exploited in the management of hepatotoxic effect associated with rifampicin treatment.
Yolk–Shell Structured FeP@C Nanoboxes as Advanced Anode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium‐/Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Fuhua , Gao Hong , Hao Junnan , Zhang Shilin , Li Peng , Liu Yuqing , Chen Jun , Guo Zaiping
Published: February 2019

Maintaining structural stability and alleviating the intrinsic poor conductivity of conversion‐type reaction anode materials are of great importance for practical application. Introducing void space and a highly conductive host to accommodate the volume changes and enhance the conductivity would be a smart design to achieve robust construction; effective electron and ion transportation, thus, lead to prolonged cycling life and excellent rate performance. Herein, uniform yolk–shell FeP@C nanoboxes (FeP@CNBs) with the inner FeP nanoparticles completely protected by a thin and self‐supported carbon shell are synthesized through a phosphidation process with yolk–shell Fe2O3@CNBs as a precursor. The volumetric variation of the inner FeP nanoparticles during cycling is alleviated, and the FeP nanoparticles can expand without deforming the carbon shell, thanks to the internal void space of the unique yolk–shell structure, thus preserving the electrode microstructure. Furthermore, the presence of the highly conductive carbon shell enhances the conductivity of the whole electrode. Benefiting from the unique design of the yolk–shell structure, the FeP@CNBs manifests remarkable lithium/potassium storage performance.
Field Emitters Using Inverse Opal Structures
Authors: Jones William M. , Zhang Runyu , Murty Eshwari , Zhu Xiuting , Yao Yifan , Manohara Harish , Braun Paul V. , Montemayor Lauren C.
Published: February 2019

Electronics to be used in space must often perform in high temperature or radiation hard environments that render conventional solid‐state technologies unable to meet mission requirements. As a result, microscale and nanoscale field emission devices are being explored as fundamental components of electronics capable of operating in these harsh environments. Wide scale implementation of these devices is hindered by the difficulty of fabricating large, mechanically stable, uniform arrays of sharp emitting tips. This work presents a scalable method to produce uniform arrays of field emitting tips. Polystyrene spheres are applied as a template for electrochemical deposition. An electrochemical etching process is developed to sharpen tips to a radius of curvature of 5–10 nm, optimizing them for field emission applications. The flexibility of the fabrication process allows for device optimization in terms of tip geometry, density, and constituent material to achieve high field enhancement factors, exceeding 100. Miniaturized field emitting diode and gated triode devices are fabricated. Finally, the electrochemically deposited material is used as a scaffold for the deposition of a refractory, low work function emitting layer, and the hybrid cathode is characterized as a field emitter at temperatures up to 300 ºC.
Surface and Interface Properties in Thin‐Film Solar Cells: Using Soft X‐rays and Electrons to Unravel the Electronic and Chemical Structure
Authors: Weinhardt Lothar , Hauschild Dirk , Heske Clemens
Published: February 2019

Thin‐film solar cells have great potential to overtake the currently dominant silicon‐based solar cell technologies in a strongly growing market. Such thin‐film devices consist of a multilayer structure, for which charge‐carrier transport across interfaces plays a crucial role in minimizing the associated recombination losses and achieving high solar conversion efficiencies. Further development can strongly profit from a high‐level characterization that gives a local, electronic, and chemical picture of the interface properties, which allows for an insight‐driven optimization. Herein, the authors' recent progress of applying a “toolbox” of high‐level laboratory‐ and synchrotron‐based electron and soft X‐ray spectroscopies to characterize the chemical and electronic properties of such applied interfaces is provided. With this toolbox in hand, the activities are paired with those of experts in thin‐film solar cell preparation at the cutting edge of current developments to obtain a deeper understanding of the recent improvements in the field, e.g., by studying the influence of so‐called “post‐deposition treatments”, as well as characterizing the properties of interfaces with alternative buffer layer materials that give superior efficiencies on large, module‐sized areas.
Clinical and laboratory features of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Leaf Rebecca Karp , Ferreri Christopher , Rangachari Deepa , Mier James , Witteles Wesley , Ansstas George , Anagnostou Theodora , Zubiri Leyre , Piotrowska Zofia , Oo Thein H. , Iberri David , Yarchoan Mark , Salama April K. S. , Johnson Douglas B. , Leavitt Andrew D. , Rahma Osama E. , Reynolds Kerry L. , Leaf David E.
Published: February 2019

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) are a novel class of immunotherapeutic agents that have revolutionized the treatment of cancer; however, these drugs can also cause a unique spectrum of autoimmune toxicity. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare, but often severe, complication of ICPis. We identified 14 patients from nine institutions across the United States who developed ICPi‐AIHA. The median interval from ICPi initiation to development of AIHA was 55 days (interquartile range [IQR], 22‐110 days). Results from the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) were available for 13 of 14 patients: 8 patients (62%) had a positive DAT and 5 (38%) had a negative DAT. The median pretreatment and nadir hemoglobin concentrations were 11.8 g/dL (IQR, 10.2‐12.9 g/dL) and 6.3 g/dL (IQR, 6.1‐8.0 g/dL), respectively. Four patients (29%) had a preexisting lymphoproliferative disorder, and two (14%) had a positive DAT prior to initiation of ICPi therapy. All patients were treated with glucocorticoids, with three requiring additional immunosuppressive therapy. Complete and partial recoveries of hemoglobin were achieved in 12 (86%) and 2 (14%) patients, respectively. Seven patients (50%) were rechallenged with ICPis, and one (14%) developed recurrent AIHA. Clinical and laboratory features of ICPi‐AIHA were similar in DAT positive and negative patients. ICPi‐AIHA shares many clinical features with primary AIHA; however, a unique aspect of ICPi‐AIHA is a high incidence of DAT negativity. Glucocorticoids are an effective first‐line treatment in the majority of patients with ICPi‐AIHA, and most patients who are rechallenged with an ICPi do not appear to develop recurrence of AIHA.
Development and validation of hair specimen collection methods among extremely short‐length Afro‐textured hair
Authors: Doyle Julius A. , Brindle Eleanor , Bolden Tayla S.
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Cortisol, a biomarker of stress, is slowly deposited into the growing hair strands on the head. Meyer, Novak, Hamel, and Rosenberg (2014) established a method for hair cortisol extraction and analysis, and showed that hair cortisol can serve as an integrated measure of psychophysiological stress activity during the period of hormone incorporation into the hair. The hair sample collection methods offered, however, (ie, cutting as close to the scalp as possible with scissors) is inefficient when collecting samples among participants with Afro‐textured and extremely short‐length hair types. In this article, we propose an alternative method for collecting hair among this group.

Methods

Our proposed alternative method involves sampling hair from all sections of the scalp, rather than the posterior‐vertex position alone. This provides more volume of hair making it feasible to extract and analyze cortisol in extremely short‐length Afro‐textured hair types. To validate this method, we compared a homogeneous specimen of hair cortisol sampled from all regions to that from the posterior‐vertex region of the scalp, a region most commonly sampled.

Results

There was no statistical difference between the homogeneous mixture and the posterior‐vertex region of the scalp.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that our proposed method may serve as a feasible alternative to the currently prevailing standard collection methodology, and underscores the importance of diversifying hair cortisol research beyond the limitations of developing collection methodologies only suited for straighter‐textured hair types.
Identification of symbol digit modality test score extremes in Huntington's disease
Authors: Braisch Ulrike , Muche Rainer , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Landwehrmeyer Georg Bernhard , Long Jeffrey D. , Orth Michael ,   REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network and COHORT Investigators of the Huntington Study Group
Published: February 2019

Studying individuals with extreme phenotypes could facilitate the understanding of disease modification by genetic or environmental factors. Our aim was to identify Huntington's disease (HD) patients with extreme symbol digit modality test (SDMT) scores. We first examined in HD the contribution of cognitive measures of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) in predicting clinical endpoints. The language‐independent SDMT was used to identify patients performing very well or very poorly relative to their CAG and age cohort. We used data from REGISTRY and COHORT observational study participants (5,603 HD participants with CAG repeats above 39 with 13,868 visits) and of 1,006 healthy volunteers (with 2,241 visits), included to identify natural aging and education effects on cognitive measures. Separate Cox proportional hazards models with CAG, age at study entry, education, sex, UHDRS total motor score and cognitive (SDMT, verbal fluency, Stroop tests) scores as covariates were used to predict clinical endpoints. Quantile regression for longitudinal language‐independent SDMT data was used for boundary (2.5% and 97.5% quantiles) estimation and extreme score analyses stratified by age, education, and CAG repeat length. Ten percent of HD participants had an extreme SDMT phenotype for at least one visit. In contrast, only about 3% of participants were consistent SDMT extremes at two or more visits. The thresholds for the one‐visit and two‐visit extremes can be used to classify existing and new individuals. The identification of these phenotype extremes can be useful in the search for disease modifiers.
Low‐level laser therapy enhances the number of osteocytes in calvaria bone defects of ovariectomized rats
Authors: Scalize Priscilla Hakime , de Sousa Luiz Gustavo , Gonçalves Lígia Maria Napolitano , Pitol Dimitrius Leonardo , Palinkas Marcelo , Coppi Antônio Augusto , Righeti Mariah Acioli , Ricardo Vitória , Bombonato‐Prado Karina Fittipaldi , Regalo Simone Cecílio Hallak , Siessere Selma
Published: February 2019

Background

Osteoporosis can make bone repair difficult. Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to be a promising tool for bone neoformation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of LLLT on calvaria bone defects of ovariectomized rats using stereology.

Methods

Fifty‐four Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy, and bone defects were created in calvaria after 150 days. The animals were divided into nine groups (n =  6 per group), and 24 hours after the bone defects were created they received 3, 6 or 12 sessions of LLLT at 0, 20 or 30 J/cm2, using a 780‐nm low‐intensity GaAlAs laser. One‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used for data processing. A difference of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The parameters evaluated were osteocyte density (Nvost), total osteocyte number (Ntoost), trabecular surface density (Svt), and trabecular surface area (Sat).

Results

Data obtained showed that Ntoost, Svt, and Sat in group G2 rats were significantly different from G1 (0 J/cm2) (P < 0.05). Compared to group G4, G5 presented higher values for the parameters Svt and Sat, and G6 presented significantly higher values for almost all the analyzed parameters (Nvost, Ntoost, Svt, and Sat) (P < 0.05). Compared to group G7, G8 showed a higher value only for the parameter Sat, and G9 showed significantly higher values for parameters Nvost, Ntoost, Svt, and Sat.

Conclusion

We conclude that LLLT stimulated bone neoformation and contributed to an increase in the total number of osteocytes, especially with a laser energy density of 30 J/cm2 given for 6 and 12 sessions.