bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new compensatory mechanism for having only one feeding claw in male Uca rosea (Tweedie, 1937)
Authors: Tina Fahmida Wazed , Jaroensutasinee Mullica , Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej
Published: November 2016

We investigated how male Uca rosea (Tweedie, 1937) have behaviourally or morphologically compensated for having only one functional feeding claw while females have two. We found that male U. rosea used four compensatory mechanisms: (1) larger feeding claws (dactyl length and width), (2) higher feeding rate/claw per min, (3) higher numbers of pinches/feeding claw per min than similar sized females, and (4) higher numbers of pinches/feeding claw lift than females of similar feeding rate/feeding claw per min. This study is the first one to demonstrate that taking higher numbers of pinches/feeding claw per min than comparable sized females, and taking higher numbers of pinches/feeding claw lift than females of similar feeding rate/claw per min are used as additional compensatory mechanisms for male fiddler crabs to compensate for having only one feeding claw.
Schmidleinema santiniketanense sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria/ Cyanoprokaryota) from a building facade in Santiniketan, India
Authors: KESHARI NITIN , DAS SUDIPTA KUMAR , ADHIKARY SIBA PRASAD
Published: November 2016

Schmidleinema is a monotypic genus in the family Fischerellaceae (Cyanobacteria / Cyanoprokaryota) with S. indicum is the sole species described so far. Due to its rare occurrence and reported only from a tropical climatic region, the taxon was not thoroughly studied, thus its taxonomic position is ubiquitous. No molecular data of the species is available so far. While studying the aero-terrestrial cyanobacterial flora of Santiniketan, West Bengal (India), a new Schmidleinema species, i.e. Schmidleinema santiniketanense sp. nov. was documented.  Light microscopic study of morphological characters of the species revealed its distinctness from the earlier descriptions of Schmidleinema indicum, particularly in the characteristics of sheath and branching pattern. Partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene of the species was obtained and deposited in GenBank for the first time. A consensus tree prepared with  sequences of different groups of  heterocystous and branched cyanobacteria retrieved from GenBank showed its phylogenetic position.
Lectotypifications in Millingtonia L.f. (Oroxyleae, Bignoniaceae)
Authors: MADHUKAR VIRENDRA K. , SRIVASTAVA SUNIL KUMAR , DUBEY NAWAL KISHORE
Published: November 2016

Millingtonia L.f. (Suppl. Pl. 1782: 45) was established by Linnaeus filius (1782) in the Supplementum Plantarum to honour Sir Thomas Millington (1628–1703), Sedleian Professor of Natural Philosophy, Oxford. This monotypic genus belongs to the plant family Bignoniaceae, tribe Oroxyleae (Olmstead et al. 2009).
The Quality of Work in the Belgian Service Voucher System
Authors: Mousaid Sarah , Huegaerts Kelly , Bosmans Kim , Julià Mireia , Benach Joan , Vanroelen Christophe
Published: November 2016

Several European countries implemented initiatives to boost the growth of the domestic cleaning sector. Few studies investigated the quality of work in these initiatives, although effects on workers’ health and on social health inequalities can be expected. This study contributes to the scant research on this subject, by investigating the quality of work in the Belgian service voucher system – a subsidized system for domestic work. The applied research methodology includes a qualitative content analysis of parliamentary debates, legislation and previous research about the service voucher system and of 40 in-depth interviews with service voucher workers. The study shows that the legal framework that regulates the system must be further enhanced in order to improve the quality of work in the service voucher system. In addition, the actors involved must be better controlled, and sanctioned in case of non-compliance with legislation.
Distributed optimization of lifetime and throughput with power consumption balance opportunistic routing in dynamic wireless sensor networks
Authors: Sun Jian , Zou Junni , Huang Liwan
Published: November 2016

This article studies a joint performance optimization on the network lifetime and network throughput for an energy-constrained dynamic wireless sensor network. We propose a fully distributed power consumption balance opportunistic routing scheme to cope with the dynamic network that is not considered in the classic low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy routing and evenly allocate power consumption among the sensor nodes for obtaining longer network lifetime. Moreover, a fully distributed optimization solution, whose distinctive feature to the Lagrange dual approach is capable of handling the changing network, is developed to achieve joint performance optimization of objectives. We mathematically prove the convergence of the proposed solution and analyze its computational complexity. Extensive simulation results illustrate the effective measures to deal with the varying network of power consumption balance opportunistic routing and the best tradeoff performance achieved by the proposed solution and evaluate the more positive impact on the network lifetime of power consumption balance opportunistic routing than the existing routings and better ability to adapt the dynamic network of the proposed solution than the Lagrange dual approach.
Generic portfolio management: A paradigm for minimizing risk and maximizing value
Authors: Suchak Kinjal , Murray Lisa J
Published: November 2016

Optimal product portfolio management is increasingly important for generic pharmaceutical companies in today’s intensely competitive environment. Strategic focus and front-level risk management are imperative for ensuring maximum value. This article addresses the key considerations and risks for ensuring a successful portfolio in a dynamic pharmaceutical landscape.
“Decently and order”: Scotland and Protestant pastoral power
Authors: Mutch Alistair
Published: November 2016

Foucault’s conceptualization of “pastoral power” is important in the development and application of the notion of “governmentality” or the regulation of mass populations. However, Foucault’s exploration of pastoral power, especially in the form of confessional practice, owes a good deal to his Roman Catholic heritage. Hints in his work, which were never developed, suggest some aspects of Protestant forms of pastoral power. These hints are taken up to explore one Protestant tradition, that of Scottish Presbyterianism, in detail. Based on the history of the church in the eighteenth century, four aspects of Protestant pastoral power are outlined: examination, accountability, ecclesiology, and organizing as a good in its own right.
CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Opioid Tolerance: A Translational Study
Authors: Lin Chih-Peng , Kang Kai-Hsiang , Tu Huang-Ju , Wu Ming-Yueh , Lin Tzu-Hung , Liou Houng-Chi , Sun Wei-Zen , Fu Wen-Mei
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:

Long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain may lead to analgesic tolerance, especially when administered intrathecally, thus preventing adequate pain relief. Discovering drug targets to treat opioid tolerance using a mechanism-based approach targeting opioid-induced neuroinflammation provides new therapeutic opportunities. In this study, we provide translational evidence that CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of opioid tolerance.

METHODS:

The CXCL12 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of opioid-tolerant patients were compared with those of opioid-naive subjects. For further investigation, a rodent translational study was designed using 2 clinically relevant opioid delivery paradigms: daily intraperitoneal morphine injections and continuous intrathecal morphine infusion. We measured rats’ tail flick responses and calculated the percentage of maximum possible effects (%MPE) to demonstrate opioid acute antinociception and the development of analgesic tolerance. The effects of exogenous CXCL12, CXCL12 neutralizing antibody, and receptor antagonist AMD3100 were investigated by intrathecal administration. Data were presented as mean ± SEM.

RESULTS:

CXCL12 was significantly upregulated in the cerebrospinal fluid of opioid-tolerant patients for 892 ± 34 pg/mL (n = 27) versus 755 ± 33 pg/mL (n = 10) in naive control subjects (P = .03). Furthermore, after 2 and 5 days of intrathecal morphine infusion, rat lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn CXCL12 messenger RNA levels were significantly upregulated by 3.2 ± 0.7 (P = .016) and 3.4 ± 0.3 (P = .003) fold, respectively. Results from the daily intraperitoneal morphine injection experiments revealed that administering an intrathecal infusion of CXCL12 for 24 hours before the first morphine injection did not decrease antinociception efficacy on day 1 but accelerated tolerance after day 2 (%MPE 49.5% vs 88.1%, P = .0003). In the intrathecal morphine coinfusion experiments, CXCL12 accelerated tolerance development (%MPE 9.4% vs 43.4% on day 1, P < .0001), whereas coadministration with CXCL12 neutralizing antibody attenuated tolerance (72.5% vs 43.4% on day 1, P < .0001; 47.6% vs 17.5% on day 2, P < .0001). Coadministration of receptor antagonist AMD 3100 can persistently preserve morphine analgesic effects throughout the study period (27.9% ± 4.1% vs 0.9% ± 1.6% on day 5, P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS:

The CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of opioid tolerance. Our study indicates that intervening with CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling has therapeutic potential for opioid tolerance.
Preoxygenation: Physiologic Basis, Benefits, and Potential Risks
Authors: Nimmagadda Usharani , Salem M. Ramez , Crystal George J.
Published: November 2016

Preoxygenation before anesthetic induction and tracheal intubation is a widely accepted maneuver, designed to increase the body oxygen stores and thereby delay the onset of arterial hemoglobin desaturation during apnea. Because difficulties with ventilation and intubation are unpredictable, the need for preoxygenation is desirable in all patients. During emergence from anesthesia, residual effects of anesthetics and inadequate reversal of neuromuscular blockade can lead to hypoventilation, hypoxemia, and loss of airway patency. In accordance, routine preoxygenation before the tracheal extubation has also been recommended. The objective of this article is to discuss the physiologic basis, clinical benefits, and potential concerns about the use of preoxygenation. The effectiveness of preoxygenation is assessed by its efficacy and efficiency. Indices of efficacy include increases in the fraction of alveolar oxygen, increases in arterial oxygen tension, and decreases in the fraction of alveolar nitrogen. End points of maximal preoxygenation (efficacy) are an end-tidal oxygen concentration of 90% or an end-tidal nitrogen concentration of 5%. Efficiency of preoxygenation is reflected in the rate of decline in oxyhemoglobin desaturation during apnea. All investigations have demonstrated that maximal preoxygenation markedly delays arterial hemoglobin desaturation during apnea. This advantage may be blunted in high-risk patients. Various maneuvers have been introduced to extend the effect of preoxygenation. These include elevation of the head, apneic diffusion oxygenation, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and/or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), bilevel positive airway pressure, and transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange. The benefit of apneic diffusion oxygenation is dependent on achieving maximal preoxygenation, maintaining airway patency, and the existence of a high functional residual capacity to body weight ratio. Potential risks of preoxygenation include delayed detection of esophageal intubation, absorption atelectasis, production of reactive oxygen species, and undesirable hemodynamic effects. Because the duration of preoxygenation is short, the hemodynamic effects and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species are insufficient to negate its benefits. Absorption atelectasis is a consequence of preoxygenation. Two approaches have been proposed to reduce the absorption atelectasis during preoxygenation: a modest decrease in the fraction of inspired oxygen to 0.8, and the use of recruitment maneuvers, such as CPAP, PEEP, and/or a vital capacity maneuver (all of which are commonly performed during the administration of anesthesia). Although a slight decrease in the fraction of inspired oxygen reduces atelectasis, it does so at the expense of a reduction in the protection afforded during apnea.
Decline, Transformation and Trust in Parliaments: the Portuguese Case in a Longitudinal and Comparative Perspective
Authors: Teixeira Conceição Pequito , Freire André
Published: November 2016

In this article we will analyse trends in levels of trust in national parliaments across Europe and individual determinants for trust in the Spanish, Italian and Portuguese parliaments. To do so, we will integrate two theoretical and research perspectives that are not normally associated with studying parliamentary institutions. The first focuses on studying citizens’ attitudes and political behaviour to understand causes and consequences of the growing erosion of public support for democratic institutions. The second aims at studying the role of parliaments and is mainly concerned with the decline and transformation of legislatures. Given the more detailed and available empirical information for the Portuguese case, we will attempt to discover if the trust Portuguese citizens place in their parliament is associated with their views on its roles and functions. However, comparisons with the Spanish and Italian cases will also be done in this respect.
Organización del Trabajo Legislativo y Sistema de Partidos: el Caso del Uruguay
Authors: Sánchez Francisco
Published: November 2016

En el artículo se sostiene que la estructuración y organización del trabajo legislativo influye y es influida por el sistema de partidos. Se parte del supuesto de que la manera en que se regule el trabajo de los partidos en el Parlamento, servirá como dispositivo para fortalecer o debilitar a los otros arreglos institucionales que intervienen en la formación del sistema de partidos. No se trata de un estímulo inicial –de una variable independiente en sentido puro–, sino más bien de un mecanismo que vigoriza y sostiene los incentivos generados por los otros subsistemas del sistema político. Para demostrar la hipótesis se estudia el caso de Uruguay donde la estructura interna del Parlamento actúa fortaleciendo a las fracciones internas de los partidos caracterizada porposibilitar la competencia en y entre los partidos.
Presidentes e Parlamentos: Quem Controla a Atividade Legislativa na América Latina?
Authors: Santos Manoel Leonardo
Published: November 2016

García Montero , Mercedes (2009) Presidentes y parlamentos: ¿Quién controla la actividad legislativa en América Latina? Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas – CIS. Madrid, 2009.
Reflexões e Novas Agendas de Pesquisa para os Estudos Legislativos no Brasil
Authors: Araújo Suely , Silva Rafael
Published: November 2016

No trabalho, são identificados alguns aspectos das pesquisas realizadas no campo dos estudos legislativos no Brasil que merecem novas avaliações e que poderiam ser aprofundados. Ao analisar pontos relevantes presentes nas abordagens sobre a relação entre o Congresso Nacional e o Executivo federal, sobre os partidos políticos, as comissões parlamentares, o conteúdo da produção legislativa e outros assuntos relativos ao funcionamento do Legislativo, a resenha crítica evidencia a necessidade do preenchimento de lacunas e do redirecionamento de alguns esforços, especialmente, com relação aos processos legislativos. A intenção dos autores é alicerçar o debate e apontar possíveis caminhos para aprimoramento das pesquisas acadêmicas de uma das áreas mais relevantes da ciência política brasileira.
Rather for the nomenclaturist than for the scientific botanist: The Botanical Cabinet of Conrad Loddiges & Sons
Authors: Turner I.M.
Published: November 2016

A selection of names appearing in the Botanical Cabinet, a serial work published by the nursery company of Conrad Loddiges & Sons between 1817 and 1833, is reviewed. Many names are here lectotypified to plates published in the Botanical Cabinet. The new combinations Pseuderanthemum maculatum (G.Lodd.) I.M.Turner and Wahlenbergia loddigesii (A.DC.) I.M.Turner are made. Erica aristata var. parva I.M.Turner is proposed as an avowed substitute for E. coruscans var. minor L. Bolus. The accepted name for a number of species should change for a variety of nomenclatural reasons: Cirrhaea loddigesii Lindl. becomes Cirrhaea obtusata Lindl., Erica peziza G.Lodd. becomes Erica nivalis Andrews, Passiflora racemosa Brot. becomes Passiflora princeps G.Lodd., Phyllanthus lanceolarius (Roxb.) Müll.Arg. becomes Phyllanthus fraxinifolius G.Lodd., Rhododendron myrtifolium Schott & Kotschy ex Schott becomes Rhododendron kotschyi Simonk.
Research Roundup
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: November 2016

Helen Cowan presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to take a look at the research in further detail
Acute coronary syndromes—the role of the CCU nurse. Part II: A look at inpatient recovery and discharge
Authors: Macdonald Nicole , Jones Jenny , Leslie Stephen J
Published: November 2016

Cardiac nursing has changed significantly in recent years and many roles that were traditionally undertaken by medical staff have been adopted by nurses. In addition, the medical treatment that patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) receive has become significantly more invasive and complex with the availability of new drugs and treatment options. This makes cardiac nursing an exciting area to work in with considerable scope for professional development. Furthermore, advances in patient safety methodology are changing service delivery. The role of the cardiac nurse remains central to the provision of good care and to ensuring that it remains safe, effective and patient-centred. This is the second of a two-part article on the role of the coronary care unit nurse in the management of patients with an ACS and describes their recovery and discharge.
Reflections of Research
Authors: Mistry Hiten
Published: November 2016

The British Heart Foundation (BHF) annual image competition, Reflections of Research, provides a glimpse into the cutting-edge research that the BHF funds
Communicating cardiology: lose the jargon, not the patient
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: November 2016

Facing a cardiac event and receiving a diagnosis about one's health is a lot to take in for anyone. Complicating the message with jargon makes the whole journey that much more overwhelming. In this short article, Helen Cowan shares some of her cardiology writings for the public, demonstrating the value of plain language, and relateable anecdotes, both for cardiac patients, and for the general public
New genetic tool for identifying coronary heart disease
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: November 2016

This section presents a variety of conditions, treatments, clinical procedures and developments in the field of cardiovascular care. It aims to update and refresh nurses' knowledge on correct theory and practice, as well as introduce students and junior nurses to aspects of practice.
Immune thrombocytopaenia in pregnancy: Key principles for the midwife
Authors: Hindley Carol
Published: November 2016

Midwives are professionally accountable for detecting deviations from the norm in pregnancy, and initiating referral to an appropriate practitioner. They must work across professional boundaries, particularly where complex conditions require the involvement of doctors, such as immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP) in pregnancy. Most pregnant women with ITP have good outcomes, with only a few requiring first-line treatment. However, close monitoring of maternal and fetal wellbeing are required and appropriate management is crucial in reducing the risk of associated complications.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: November 2016

Antimicrobial resistance, and in particular multidrug resistance, is a potential cause of severe illness in humans and animals. Open wounds are not uncommonly encountered in veterinary medicine, and they provide a medium for bacterial colonisation by a wide range of bacteria, including those that show multidrug resistance.
Anal sac diseases and perianal fistula
Authors: Scarff David H
Published: November 2016

Disease of the anal sac is a common reason for presentation of dogs (and less commonly cats) to the veterinary surgeon. They are often just emptied by a veterinary surgeon or veterinary nurse, but this does not always lead to resolution of clinical signs. An understanding of the diseases affecting the anal sacs and possible treatment options can increase the likelihood of a positive outcome. This paper will look at these issues, together with mention of perianal fistula (anal furunculosis) a disease that often involves the anal sacs.
Pre- and post-hibernation problems in Mediterranean tortoises
Authors: McCormack Sean
Published: November 2016

Mediterranean tortoises have suffered significant health problems in captivity in the UK for many decades, largely through widespread misinformation and ignorance about their husbandry and nutritional needs. Certainly, the widely accepted practice of keeping them outdoors year-round in what is a totally unsuitable climate contributes massively. The pre- and post-hibernation periods are times of high morbidity and mortality in tortoises. It is important for veterinary professionals not only to recognise how to prevent such problems by advising on appropriate care, but also to treat such issues successfully in the clinic environment. The following article discusses the major failures in captive care that contribute to peri-hibernation problems in tortoises, as well as outlining their diagnosis and treatment.
Acute kidney injury following primary hip and knee arthroplasty surgery
Authors: Ferguson KB , Winter A , Russo L , Khan A , Hair M , MacGregor MS , Holt G
Published: November 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a recognised postoperative complication following primary hip/knee arthroplasty surgery. The aim of this study was to determine causative and potentially modifiable risk factors associated with postoperative AKI. Standard data were collected for 413 consecutive arthroplasty patients, both retrospectively and prospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify any potential causative factors.

Eight percent of patients developed postoperative AKI. Univariate analysis found increasing age, history of previous chronic kidney disease and requirement for postoperative intravenous fluids to be risk factors for AKI. The multivariate regression analysis model identified age and volume of postoperative fluid prescription as predictive of postoperative AKI. Antibiotic regime and prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had no significant effect on the risk of AKI. No patients required dialysis but length of stay increased by 50% in the AKI group.

Postoperative AKI may result in significant postoperative morbidity and increased length of stay, and may necessitate invasive therapies such as dialysis. Episodes of AKI could also predispose to future similar episodes and are associated with a long-term decrease in baseline renal function. This study has demonstrated that the identified risk factors are generally non-modifiable. Further work is suggested to determine whether targeted interventions in high risk patients would reduce the incidence of AKI.
Realizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Need for an Indigenous Approach
Authors: Khalid Rahman
Published: November 2016

In September 2015, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted a new global development agenda entitled, “Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.” The new targets set under the agenda are assumed to guide the member countries in their decisions about development issues over next 15 years. Pakistan's performance in the past, in terms of achieving Millennium Development Goals or MDG's has not been very encouraging. Thus, the situation demands for devising a robust strategy, which would involve and actively engage different social groups of Pakistani society towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs. To this, one important aspect relates to prevailing socio-political trends in Pakistani society, where Islamic beliefs and inclinations have always been an alive reality. Here, in this situation, the question arises whether these Islamic trends can help in developing a successful strategy for achieving the SDGs. This study is with reference to Pakistan only, however, its application may equally be valid for other Muslim societies considering local circumstances.

This paper is an extension of the two presentations that the author made on similar subjects in a UNOSD workshop held in Abu Dhabi from Oct. 27 to 29, 2015 and in Oslo University in a seminar on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Pakistan and Islam on January, 12, 2016. The author is particularly thankful to Syed Nadeem Farhat and Tauqeer Ahmad for their input during the course of writing this paper.
Middle East Refugees' Crisis: Europeans' Three Dimensional Approaches
Authors: Bakare Najimdeen
Published: November 2016

The Middle East crises reiterate the popular sentiment that the region will retain her volatility for years to come, whilst refreshing our memory of the transnationalism of modern political upheaval. The wave and magnitude of the displaced people out of the Middle East, particularly from Syria does not merely underpin the depth of the humanitarian crisis, but the ferocity shown by the victims trying to reach the supposedly shore of hope, help, prosperity, and posterity in Europe. The crisis further illuminates the often rejected view that the Muslim societies cannot command a common voice to resolving common crisis mostly challenging fellow religious and cultural kin. Yet, the crisis also lay bare before our naked eyes that irrespective of the looming and daunting crises confronting Europe, Europeans have not altogether forsaken their moral value of humanitarianism, though the latter is challenged by the growing propensity of far-rightism. The article is an attempt to understand the European reactions towards the refugee crisis through the prism of event-analysis, policy-assessment, and public opinion. Doing the latter, the research delineates the three dimensional approaches (institution, state, and people) through which European have treated the crisis. The piece underscored the pertinence of the far-right tendency, not as mere farce, but a reckonable force potential enough to determine the final fate of the refugees seeking succor in Europe. The piece was not completed without expounding the extent to which Muslim/Arab states responded to the crisis.
U.S.-Israel Special Aid Relationship Dynamics and Implications for Pakistan
Authors: Murad Ali  , Glenn Banks  , Nigel Parsons
Published: November 2016

The United States (U.S.) has allocated a total of more than U.S. $ 63 billion economic and over U.S. $ 141 billion military assistance to Israel, more than U.S. $ 200 billion in aggregate over the last six decades. While there are several fluctuations in the amount of aid, there is also a continuum. This paper examines how and why the U.S.-Israel aid relationship is so special and unique. Focusing on historical as well as contemporary U.S. economic and military aid to Israel, the paper explores that, despite some ups and downs, aid to Israel has always remained a constant feature of the ties between the two countries. Israel has not only received the largest amount of aggregate U.S. economic and military aid, but there are also certain other special concessions available to Israel that no other U.S. aid recipient is privileged to avail. The paper identifies key dynamics that play an integral role in keeping the unparalleled U.S.-Israel aid relationship intact. Existing evidence indicates that besides factors such as shared values, including so-called democratic norms, Judo-Christian values and common geo-strategic goals; the Jewish lobby within the U.S., particularly the extremely powerful and well-organized American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) is one of the most influential players tilting U.S. foreign policy in favour of Israel. The paper illustrates that Israel is a unique aid recipient which has been receiving billions of dollars in U.S. civilian and security assistance on account of these factors, rather than purely because of Israel's poverty or developmental needs. The study concludes by highlighting the current state of U.S.-Israel aid ties and the implications of overall U.S.-Israel aid relations for Pakistan.
Nuclear Energy Security: Emerging Trends and Pakistan
Authors: Rizwana Abbasi
Published: November 2016

The demand for nuclear energy has increased in recent years mainly in the developing countries of the Asia-Pacific. Despite the Japanese (Fukushima) nuclear power plant accident in 2011, the nuclear power industry is expected to inflate exponentially in the coming decade to maintain the delicate balance between sustainable socioeconomic development and environmental fortification. Therefore, an overwhelming majority of states are inclined to add nuclear power plants to their national grids. India and Pakistan, neither party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty (NPT) nor members of the Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG), are included in the list of new contenders. These two institutional arrangements forbid nuclear cooperation with states that have unsafeguarded facilities and are not party states to the NPT. Besides, India has been mainstreamed in international nuclear commerce whereas Pakistan is deprived of similar rights despite the fact that energy deficiency plagues its socioeconomic developments. The study finds that the existing, ambiguous construct that promotes peaceful uses of nuclear technology and simultaneously opposes nuclear proliferation is not consistent with 21st century's realities. Therefore, the non-proliferation construct necessitates revisions in order to meet the contemporary demands to address developing states' energy needs based on a renewed framework.
Review of Government's Performance in Power Sector (2013-2016)
Authors: Ashfaq Mahmood
Published: November 2016

The incumbent government took charge in 2013 and inherited severe energy, especially power, crisis. This power crisis was the product of decades long inadequate policies of the previous governments. With the dawn of twenty first century, Pakistan started witnessing dark periods with intense electricity outages. While the current government has introduced National Power Policy 2013 by setting certain goals to curb the ongoing crises; a review of the government's progress against its targets ranging from various aspects of power generation to transmission and distribution revels that long-term and sustainable planning is subject to neglect. The government, however, has made some progress in achieving the short-term goals. A lasting impact is possible only through integrated planning and improved governance. Generation side is getting more focus than transmission and distribution side, which is not a sustainable approach.
The effects of the economic crisis on active citizenship among young people in Spain and what we can do about it through civic education in universities
Authors: Naval Concepción , Arbués Elena
Published: November 2016

The recent economic crisis has had a particularly serious consequence for young people, who have suffered from a delayed transition into adulthood as a result of unemployment and job insecurity and delayed independent living. This has been particularly the case for Spain and there is a concern that these experiences of unemployment may lead to social exclusion and isolation. This article argues that learning social and civic skills may well allow young people to maintain their social connectedness and self-worth by enabling them to make connections with their local community. One institution that could offer these learning opportunities, we argue, is the university. In this article we identify the possibilities and limitations for Spanish universities to promote social and civic learning. We conclude by evaluating the support that higher education can offer young people in the context of the crisis and continued austerity.
‘Ultra-left’ anarchists and anti-fascism in the Second Republic
Authors: Evans Danny
Published: November 2016

This article investigates the anarchist understanding of fascism during the Second Republic, and particularly during the abstention campaign of 1933, when the practice of radicals in the National Confederation of Labour (CNT) has been described as ‘ultra-left’ in view of its sectarianism and insistence on the need for an insurrectionary response to the threat of the right. The article explores the comparison made to the German Communist Party (KPD) during the so-called ‘Third Period’, and the lessons that anarchists in Spain attempted to draw from the rise of Hitler.
«Con fuerza de ley»
Authors: Hildbrand Sebastián Mauricio
Published: November 2016

El proceso de construcción de un imaginario  musical nacional, a lo largo de la historia de  la República Argentina, cuenta con numerosos  antecedentes. Entre alguno de ellos, el perío- do 1946-1955, contará con las instituciones  del gobierno nacional como su principal pro- motor. Con el inicio del primer peronismo se  produce una serie de transformaciones en el  ámbito de la radiodifusión y la educación que  tendrán directa injerencia en este proceso.  Con una fuerte impronta proteccionista, las  modificaciones que impulsó el Estado nacio- nal contemplaron la selección de repertorios  provenientes de distintos ámbitos de la reali- dad musical de aquellos días. El presente trabajo propone revisar a partir de  algunos textos normativos, en su mayoría aún  desconocidos, cómo estas políticas de Estado  se articularon para difundir a escala nacional  un repertorio de «música argentina».
On a subclass of analytic functions involving Sălăgean integral operator
Authors: Tudor Andreea-Elena
Published: November 2016

In this paper we introduce a new class of analytic functions involving the integral operator I

n
defined by Sălăgean. For this class we provide inclusion relation, extreme points and coefficient estimates.
Oscillation results for third order nonlinear mixed neutral differential equations
Authors: Panigrahi S. , Basu R.
Published: November 2016

In this paper, the authors study oscillatory and asymptotic behavior of solutions of a class of nonlinear third order neutral differential equations with positive and negative coefficients of the form(E)(a(t)(b(t)(y(t)+p(t)y(σ(t)))′)′)′+q(t)G(y(α(t)))−h(t)H(y(β(t)))=0$$\begin{equation*}(a(t)(b(t)(y(t)+p(t)y(\sigma(t)))^{\prime})^{\prime})^{\prime} +q(t)G(y(\alpha(t)))-h(t)H(y(\beta(t)))=0 \tag{E}\end{equation*}$$for 0 ⩽p(t) ⩽p1<1 and −1 <p2⩽p(t) ⩽ 0. The results in this paper generalize the results of [LI, T.—ZHANG, C.—XING, G.:Oscillation of third-order neutral delay differential equations, Abstr. Appl. Anal.2012(2012), Article ID 569201] and various results in the literature. We establish new conditions which guarantees that every solutions of (E) either oscillatory or converges to zero. Examples are considered to illustrate the main results.
On the well posed solutions for nonlinear second order neutral difference equations
Authors: Galewski Marek , Schmeidel Ewa
Published: November 2016

In this work we investigate the existence of solutions, their uniqueness and finally dependence on parameters for solutions of second order neutral nonlinear difference equations. The main tool which we apply is Darbo fixed point theorem.
Historical-mythical roots of the legend of Marko Kraljević
Authors: Sang Hun Kim , Hyok Jae Kwon
Published: November 2016

Marko Kraljević is the central figure of South Slavic epic poetry, the protagonist of hundreds of poems and legends, and epic traditions in general. In the frameworks of Serbian and South Slavic folklore (beside the legend of the Battle of Kosovo) the epic legend of Kraljević Marko is certainly best known and, nevertheless, most complex. For this reason, in the course of the last 150 years, it has been the research subject of numerous folkloristic, literary, ethnological, ethno-mythological and other studies. In this paper we shall address the historical and mythical roots of the epic character of Marko Kraljević, drawing from the works of other researchers of this subject. Our preliminary assumption is that the epic character of Marko Kraljević was not based exclusively on the historical figure of King Marko Mrnjavčević, rather it included other prototypes of historical and mythic personalities as well. Some of them are associated with distant periods in ancient history.
Dreams in Cybernetic Fugue
Authors: Leeds Adam E.
Published: November 2016

This article positions the vogue for cybernetics as a key driver of the transformation of the institutional structures and epistemic order of Soviet technoscience that occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. Inseparable from the rapid growth of Soviet military science, Soviet cybernetics was both the result and medium of surprising recombinations of different forms of scientific and engineering expertise to create novel military technologies. Military computing was the point of entry for cybernetics, while its focal tasks—the bomb, rocketry, and radar—in turn shaped cybernetic understandings. The rapid growth and cyberneticization of these new areas of militarily driven science caused a tectonic transformation of the Stalinist articulation of science, technology, and politics. A crucial moment of these latter shifts, the article further suggests, was the transformation of Soviet economics into a properly mathematical economics. In a series of analogical transfers, mathematicians and engineers derived a radical vision of cybernetic communism from their specific military engineering tasks. Their encounter with reformist economics, mediated by computational utopias, enabled the transfer of advanced mathematical techniques, metaphors, and personnel from military science to the social sciences. This complex process constituted Soviet mathematical economics. Soviet cybernetics’ challenge to the Stalinist order of knowledge and its attendant institutional reconfigurations thus opened up a critical space for political reflection for the Cold War era “scientific-technical intelligentsia” at the heart of the party-state.
Análise entre os pontos zigomáticos orbitais e espinha nasal anterior na investigação do sexo e idade em crânios secos de adultos
Authors: Cruz Lima Arthur Igor , Da Silva Ricardo Araújo , Júnior Erasmo de Almeida
Published: November 2016

Introdução: A Odontologia Legal exerce um papel importante no processo de identificação de indivíduos, principalmente quando é recebido para o processo de análise somente o crânio da vítima. Essa estrutura possui particularidades que podem fornecer dados para a identificação do sexo e estimar a idade de um ser humano. Objetivo: Verificar o dimorfismo sexual e a estimativa da idade através das medidas: ponto zigomático orbital direito (PZOD), ponto zigomático orbital esquerdo (PZOE), espinha nasal anterior (ENA) e a área do triângulo formado por estes 3 pontos. Materiais e Métodos: Foram analisados 160 crânios secos de adultos, 80 do sexo masculino e 80 do sexo feminino, que pertenceram a indivíduos com idade entre 20 a 95 anos. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados permitiram estabelecer metodologias para a identificação do sexo através das médias, intervalo de confiança e teste t de Student, demonstrando que as médias diferem entre si no nível de significância de 5%. Além disso, foi observada a existência de uma forte associação linear entre as medidas PZOD-ENA e PZOE-ENA (coeficiente de determinação = 80,90%). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a análise das variáveis identificou uma diferença entre os sexos, sendo que as medidas do sexo masculino se apresentaram significativamente maiores do que as do sexo feminino.
Cinco translações, 10 edições
Authors: Tonietto Ângela , Telles Bruno , Andrade Charles A. , Dias Filho Claudemir R. , Gomes Juliano A.
Published: November 2016

Após cinco translações em torno da estrela do Sistema Solar e nove edições publicadas, a Revista Brasileira de Criminalística entrega hoje o terceiro número do seu quinto volume, completando assim cinco anos ininterruptos de publicações com sua décima edição.
Targeting PI3K/mTOR signaling exerts potent antitumor activity in pheochromocytoma in vivo
Authors: Lee Misu , Minaskan Ninelia , Wiedemann Tobias , Irmler Martin , Beckers Johannes , Yousefi Behrooz H , Kaissis Georgios , Braren Rickmer , Laitinen Iina , Pellegata Natalia S
Published: November 2016

Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are mostly benign tumors, amenable to complete surgical resection. However, 10–17% of cases can become malignant, and once metastasized, there is no curative treatment for this disease. Given the need to identify the effective therapeutic approaches for PCC, we evaluated the antitumor potential of the dual-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 against these tumors. We employed anin vivomodel of endogenous PCCs (MENX mutant rats), which closely recapitulate the human tumors. Mutant rats with PCCs were treated with 2 doses of BEZ235 (20 and 30 mg/kg), or with placebo, for 2 weeks. Treatment with BEZ235 induced cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on rat PCCs, which could be appreciated by both staining the tumorsex vivowith appropriate markers and non-invasively by functional imaging (diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging)in vivo. Transcriptomic analyses of tumors from rats treated with BEZ235 or placebo-identified potential mediators of therapy response were performed.Slc6a2, encoding the norepinephrine transporter (NET), was downregulated in a dose-dependent manner by BEZ235 in rat PCCs. Moreover, BEZ235 reducedSlc6a2/NET expression in PCC cell lines (MPC) also. Studies of a BEZ235-resistant derivative of the MPC cell line confirmed that the reduction of NET expression associates with the response to the drug. Reduction of NET expression after BEZ235 treatmentin vivocould be monitored by positron emission tomography (PET) using a tracer targeting NET. Altogether, here we demonstrate the efficacy of BEZ235 against PCCin vivo, and show that functional imaging can be employed to monitor the response of PCC to PI3K/mTOR inhibition therapy.
ONTOLOGINIS SEKSUALINĖS SKIRTIES ASPEKTAS L. IRIGARAY FILOSOFIJOJE
Authors: Dovydėnas Andrius
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje analizuojama seksualinės skirties sampratos transformacija Luce Irigaray filosofijoje. Straipsnio euristinė schema – esencializmo-konstruktyvizmo kontroversija giminės filosofijoje. Ja remiantis teigiama, kad ankstyvoji Irigaray psichoanalitinė seksualinės skirties samprata ir mimesis kaip moteriškosios subjektyvybės steigties būdas atitinka tik „strateginį esencializmą“, o transformaciniame filosofijos etape, ginčijant Hegelio subjekto paradigmą, Irigaray pateikta natūralistinė seksualinės skirties samprata jau implikuoja ontologinį esencializmą. Taip pat į analizę įtraukiamas Irigaray nenagrinėtas Hegelio giminės tapatybės principas, kuris implictiškai apima lyčių diferenciacijos aspektą. Tuo siekiama ne tik atskleisti Irigaray moteriškosios subjektyvybės sampratą, kuri apima moteriškumo neredukuojamumą į reprodukcijos funkciją, vyriškosios ir moteriškosios subjektyvybių nebendramatiškumą, bet taip pat išryškinti giminės tapatybės ir seksualinės skirties kontroversiją kaip dvi skirtingas subjekto filosofijos paradigmas.
VAIZDUOTĖS AUTONOMIJA IR ESTETINĖ PATIRTIS
Authors: Jonkus Dalius
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje analizuojamos moderniosios vaizduotės sampratos transformacijos fenomenologinėse Edwardo Casey, Mikelio Dufrenne’o (1910–1995) ir Vosyliaus Sezemano (1884–1963) koncepcijose. Straipsnio tikslas – parodyti, kad estetinėje patirtyje akivaizdžiai atsiskleidžia kūniškas vaizduotės pobūdis. Casey kritikuoja Dufrenne’o bandymą vaizduotę susieti su estetine raiška. Jis pabrėžia vaizduotės autonomiją, tačiau tokiu atveju lieka neaiškus vaizduotės ir suvokimo santykis. Dufrenne’o ir Sezemano pozicija vaizduotės klausimu iš dalies sutampa. Abu jie teigia, kad vaizduotė yra ne produktyvi, bet reproduktyvi ta prasme, kad ji yra apribota materialinio a priori formomis. Kitaip sakant, estetinė raiška yra negalima, jeigu ji nesilaiko suvokiamojo ir suvokiančiojo koreliacijos principo. Sukurti galima tik reprodukuojant išraiškoje kito suvokimo galimybę. Sezemanas pabrėžia kūniškos vaizduotės pirmumą. Įkūnytas vaizduotės judesys atskleidžia būtiną objekto ir subjekto koreliaciją. Vaizduotės kūniškumas pabrėžia buvimo pasaulyje pirmumą, nes vaizduotė yra laisva veikla ir ją riboja tik „pasaulio horizonto stilius“.
ABSOLIUTIZMO IR RELIACIONIZMO KONTROVERSIJA: NEWTONAS VS. LEIBNIZAS
Authors: Čiurlionis Jonas
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama absoliutistinės ir reliacionistinės erdvės ir laiko koncepcijų kontroversija. Lyginamos Newtono ir Leibnizo teorijos, pateikiami kitų diskusijoje dalyvavusių filosofų požiūriai. Atskleidžiami abiejų teorijų argumentacijų trūkumai ir privalumai. Straipsniu nesiekiama atstovauti kuriai nors pozicijai, lyginamoji abiejų požiūrių analizė leidžia skaitytojui susidaryti nešališką vertinimą. Teigiama, kad abiejų erdvės ir laiko sampratų prielaidos yra greičiau metafizinės nei fizikinės. Nurodoma, kad klasikinė diskusija yra vis dar aktuali šiuolaikiniame moksliniame kontekste.
APIE SĄSAJAS TARP INDIJOS IR STOIKŲ LOGIKOS
Authors: López-Astorga Miguel
Published: November 2016

Šiuo straipsniu mėginama parodyti, jog Indijos ir stoikų logika yra panašesnės viena į kitą nei į standartinę logiką. Šiuo tikslu analizuojama ištrauka iš Kathāvatthu, kurioje pateikiamas sąlyginio teiginio apibrėžimas dažnai interpretuojamas kaip atitinkantis modernioje teiginių logikoje vartojamą materialiosios implikacijos sampratą. Teigiama, jog tokia interpretacija nėra visiškai pagrįsta. Todėl daroma išvada, jog tai, kas iš tiesų sakoma aptariamoje ištraukoje, nuosekliai susiję su Chrisipo Soliečio pasiūlytu sąlyginio teiginio teisingumo kriterijumi.
ARISTOTELIO KOMENTARAI: DE INTERPRETATIONE 9
Authors: Boecijus Anicijus Manlijus Severinas
Published: November 2016

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La música: Un enfoque holístico del conocimiento
Authors: Piedra Hernández Margott
Published: November 2016

A partir de la Ilustración, el mundo occidental comenzó a experimentar una fragmentación entre el saber y el conocimiento. Así, el pensamiento en el siglo XXI se debate entre esa división y los nuevos paradigmas en los que impera una posición holista de ver y entender el mundo y el conocimiento que se genera. No obstante, los modelos educativos continúan fortaleciendo postulados en los cuales el conocimiento tecnológico y científico adquiere más valor y relevancia, frente al saber ligado a las humanidades y a las artes. La música, íntimamente cohesionada con las matemáticas, los sentimientos y la física, representa el contexto ideal para entender que todo saber y toda creación humana forma parte de una totalidad, sin estructuras ni límites.
Jóvenes, literatura y derechos humanos: Una experiencia en las aulas de Humanidades
Authors: Gutiérrez Rojas Marisol
Published: November 2016

El artículo registra una experiencia académica con jóvenes universitarios en los cursos de Humanidades de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Cerro Pelón, lágrimas de barro, de María Pérez-Yglesias, es la obra literaria seleccionada para atender tres objetivos puntuales: primero, entender la literatura como una práctica social que participa en la construcción de espacios y entornos del desarrollo humano; segundo, comprender la realidad centroamericana, en especial de las personas jóvenes y desde un enfoque de derechos, a partir de la lectura y análisis de un cuentario cuyos protagonistas son adolescentes y jóvenes; y tercero, ofrecer una experiencia de lectura placentera, dialógica y creativa.