bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The accuracy of telediagnosis of frozen sections is inferior to that of conventional diagnosis of frozen sections and paraffin-embedded sections
Authors: Moser Patrizia L , Lorenz Ingo H , Sögner Peter , Stadlmann Sylvia , Mikuz Gregor , Kolbitsch Christian
Published: July 2003

The accuracy of telepathology diagnosis and conventional diagnosis of frozen sections was compared, using the diagnosis established on paraffin-embedded tissue as a reference. Out of a total of 270 cases, remote frozen-section diagnosis was correct in 227 cases (84.1%) and incorrect in 23 cases (8.5%). The latter comprised 12 false positive diagnoses of malignancy (4.4%) and 11 false negative diagnoses (4.1%). A diagnosis was not possible in 20 cases (7.4%). In contrast, the conventional frozen-section diagnosis was correct in 269 cases (99.6%) and incorrect in 1 case (0.4%), the latter being a false negative diagnosis. The average time needed to make a remote diagnosis was 14.2 min (SD 9). Manual examination was not found to be essential for remote frozen-section diagnosis. Overall slide quality was rated as 'satisfactory' to 'fair' by the six pathologists concerned. An improvement in the quality of slides is necessary to guarantee an acceptable level of accuracy of remote frozen-section diagnosis; a shortening of the time needed for diagnosis is a further requirement for the successful implementation of a routine telepathology frozen-section service.
A teledermatological approach to enhance diagnostic accuracy in dermatohistopathology
Authors: Schiener R , Pillekamp H , Weber L , Hartmann K , Peter R U
Published: July 2003

We determined whether digital photographs of skin lesions could enhance diagnostic accuracy in dermatohistological evaluations. Two dermatohistopathologists examined 375 unsorted consecutive cases. On a standardized questionnaire they recorded whether the final diagnostic interpretation would be improved by the availability of digital images of the skin lesions. In 101 cases (27%) they said that digital photographs would be helpful. Subsequently, 30 histological analyses were performed with and without digital photographs of the skin lesions. Presentation of digital photographs reduced the number of differential diagnoses significantly, from a median of 3 to 2. Ratings of ability to make a single definitive diagnosis increased significantly with the presentation of digital photographs. Enhancement of information given by the digital images was scored a median of 6 (on a scale of 0–10, with higher scores reflecting greater enhancement). Digital photographs of skin lesions are likely to refine diagnostic accuracy in histopathology.
Assessment of benefit in tele-ophthalmology using a consensus panel
Authors: Taylor Paul , Kennedy Craig , Murdoch Ian , Johnston Kathy , Cook Colin , Godoumov Rossi
Published: July 2003

A videoconferencing link was established from a hospital in South Africa to Moorfields Eye Hospital in London. A clinician in South Africa used a video slit-lamp and videoconferencing equipment to capture images and communicate with a specialist in London. Over 12 months, 113 cases were discussed in teleconsultations. Case-notes were subsequently obtained for 90 cases (80%). Three consultant ophthalmologists took part in the consensus process, one from the UK and two from South Africa. The consensus panel achieved on average 78–96% agreement on the items rated. In approximately half the cases, the panel judged that teleconsultation had had an effect on diagnosis. In nine cases (10%) there was potential for definite improvement in visual health as a result of tele-ophthalmology and in a further 48 cases (53%) there was potential for possible improvement in visual health. The consensus process identified 35 cases (39%) where there was potential improvement in general health as a result of tele-ophthalmology. Despite the methodological limitations of our approach, it was possible to learn a great deal about the effectiveness of the telemedicine intervention.
The acceptability of telemedicine for podiatric intervention in a residential home for the elderly
Authors: Corcoran Heidi , Hui Elsie , Woo Jean
Published: July 2003

We investigated the use of telemedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of foot disorders. In an eight-month study, 49 residents of a local 200-bed home for the elderly, who had a potential or active foot problem, were examined via videoconferencing. They were subsequently examined on site. Their mean age was 86 years (range 67–100 years). There were 49 consultations for new cases and 50 follow-up consultations; therefore 99 teleconsultations and 99 on-site consultations were carried out. After 15% of the teleconsultations, an on-site visit was still required for full assessment of the case, as a diagnosis could not be determined. In 6% of teleconsultations there was difficulty in determining an accurate management plan. Telepodiatry was found to be satisfactory in the remaining 79% of cases and 87% of clients preferred teleconsultation to being transported to the hospital clinic. Telemedicine was found to be an acceptable method of providing some aspects of podiatry care to clients living in a residential home for the elderly. It was an excellent triage mechanism, and facilitated earlier identification of and intervention for urgent problems.
Satisfaction with telemedicine presentation at a multidisciplinary tumour meeting among patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Stalfors Joacim , Holm-Sjögren Lotta , Schwieler Åsa , Törnqvist Helene , Westin Thomas
Published: July 2003

Patients with head and neck cancer in the western part of Sweden are presented at a multidisciplinary tumour (MDT) meeting held once a week at the regional hospital in Göteborg. During a 13-month study period, 58 patients were presented via telemedicine; 45 of these patients (78%) answered a questionnaire. A face-to-face control group (the FTF group, n = 46) comprised patients from district hospitals not using telemedicine. These patients travelled to Göteborg for the MDT meeting; 39 of them (85%) answered the questionnaire. All patients were satisfied with the MDT meeting. Answers to two of the 10 questionnaire items differed significantly between the groups: the FTF group agreed that 'It felt as if everybody was talking about me, but not to me' more than did the telemedicine group, while the telemedicine group gave higher ratings for the item 'It felt good to have my doctor [the physician from the local hospital] by my side' than did the FTF group. Telemedicine was not experienced as a barrier and the patients expressed their confidence in taking part in these meetings in a familiar environment such as the local district hospital with their local otolaryngologist.
Perspectives on telecare: the client view
Authors: Levy Shařon , Jack Nat , Bradley David , Morison Moya , Swanston Michael
Published: July 2003

We explored the attitudes and responses of older people to telecare technologies. Questionnaires were given to subjects in three locations: two day hospitals in Tayside (a region of north-east Scotland); five units of sheltered housing run by West Lothian local authority (in central Scotland); and five schemes of a private housing association across Tayside. There were 199 returned questionnaires (a 42% response rate). The sample was divided into two groups according to whether the subjects did agree or did not agree with the statement 'I would welcome technology that helps me to stay in my home even if it means losing some of the freedom and control I currently have'. 'Tele-receptive' individuals ( n = 127) were found to be significantly more likely both to feel excited about new technology and to feel that their age was not a barrier to further learning. The present study suggests that individuals receptive to telecare will tend to be younger (under 80 years) and will be satisfied clients of current health services. They are likely to express a wish to stay at home for as long as possible, even when they would need a lot of help or have to pay for care. They are also keen to use an interactive mode of communication for both social interaction and medical consultation.
Trust in health Websites: a survey among Norwegian Internet users
Authors: Rosenvinge Jan H , Laugerud Stein , Hjortdahl Per
Published: July 2003

Whether consumers feel able to trust the information presented on a health-related Website is as important a quality criterion as more objective criteria. We investigated whether trust was related to five aspects of health Websites: the involvement of health professionals, a facility for interactive communication, information about those responsible for the site, a picture of those responsible for the site, and the impression of site update frequency. A polling agency invited, by email, a sample of 600 Norwegian users of e-health information to participate in the study and 476 subjects did so (a 79% response rate), by completing a questionnaire online. Their mean age was 41 years and 53% were female. All five aspects of health Websites were related to the trust placed in the site but they were not consistently related to gender or age. Trust in Websites that were frequently updated was related to being a frequent e-health user, while those who trusted interactive e-health sites were low-frequency users who tended to order drugs and health products from the sites. The probability of taking action as a result of e-health information was related to the frequency of visits to health Websites but not to the five aspects of them investigated in relation to trust. However, respondents who trusted sites that were perceived as being frequently updated and to have health professionals involved were more likely to be frequent users of e-health information.
The Pentalfa project. 3: Participant evaluations of the interactivity of the educational videoconferences and the effectiveness of project promotion
Authors: Himpens B
Published: July 2003

A distance continuing medical education programme was established at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven using multipoint videoconferencing via ISDN lines at 384 kbit/s. During each academic year, 24–26 sessions were organized. The interactivity afforded by the videoconferencing was investigated during the first three years of the project. More than 60% of the participants rated the interactivity as good or very good. No differences were found between the sites or over the three years of the project, but female participants were more positive (66% making ratings of good or very good) in this regard than male participants (57%). Also, the effectiveness of the various types of publicity used to promote the programme was analysed. A brochure was the main source of information (62% of participants heard of the programme by this means), followed by direct mailings (27%), posters (15%), personal contact (14%) and the programme's Website (1%). The proportions of participants who heard of the programme through these different means varied with age and gender.
The Pentalfa project. 4: Educational aspects
Authors: Himpens B
Published: July 2003

A distance continuing medical education programme was established at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven using multipoint videoconferencing via ISDN lines at 384 kbit/s. During each academic year, 24–26 sessions were organized. During the first three years, a questionnaire was completed by 29% of the 13,489 participants. The effects of the videoconferencing on the information content and the educational effectiveness of seminars was analysed. Overall, participants were satisfied with the educational approach. Fifty-six per cent of the participants found the Pentalfa session easier to follow than conventional seminars. Participants at the peripheral sites and older participants gave higher ratings of the information content and educational effectiveness of the programme than other participants. The training of speakers and moderators was seen as useful, but most speakers could adapt themselves quite easily to the new medium.
Remote assessment of the use of seclusion and restraint with paediatric psychiatric patients
Authors: Setterberg Stephen R , Busseri Michael A , Fleissner Rachel M , Kenney Emmett M , Flom Jonathan A , Fischer Kenneth J
Published: July 2003

Agencies regulating US psychiatric inpatient facilities require face-to-face patient assessments by physicians within one hour of the use of seclusion or restraint. In a pilot study, we compared face-to-face and remote assessments using videoconferencing in relation to response times and physicians' ratings of aspects of seclusion or restraint events involving paediatric patients at a private psychiatric hospital. Fifteen paired face-to-face and remote assessments were compared. Remote assessments occurred more rapidly than face-to-face assessments and more took place while seclusion or restraint was still being used. There was little disagreement between the physicians' ratings in face-to-face and remote assessment conditions. Remote assessment may therefore be a rapid and reliable method for physicians to evaluate the use of seclusion and restraint.
User satisfaction with rehabilitation services delivered using Internet video
Authors: Hughes G , Hudgins B , Hooper J E , Wallace B
Published: July 2003

Rehabilitation services to four remote sites in New Brunswick were delivered via PC-based videoconferencing equipment, using ADSL connections to the Internet. Approximately 40 people used the equipment over 18 months. There were 32 videoconference sessions. A total of 60 questionnaires were returned (a 94% response rate). In 31 of the 32 videoconferences, a connection was successfully established between the computers. The videoconferences lasted on average 20 min. The most frequent applications were viewing of rehabilitative equipment and video communication. The technology was found to be useful and provided an enhanced form of communication from the video component. There were some problems with the stability and reliability of the equipment.
Applying the Concept of Revictimization: Using Burglars' Behaviour to Predict Houses at Risk of Future Victimization
Authors: Ewart B. W. , Oatley G. C.
Published: July 2003

A good predictor of a domestic burglary is whether the property suffered a prior victimization. Using officially reported burglaries, most houses appear to be victimized once and most repeat victims suffer twice only. Defining high-risk properties by waiting for the second burglary has its operational limitations. A police database of burglaries over 45 months is examined to explore whether the modus operandi distinguishes houses burgled once only, from those suffering a revictimization. The use of force, searching behaviour, type of property, place of entry, place of exit, alarm activation and use of a bogus official method of entry are discriminating features. Comparing non-repeats with ‘quick’ Repeats (ie within 365 days), searching behaviour, type of property, entry method and a bogus official strategy are discriminating features. Survival analyses on the latter group reveals that ramming and removing glass are significantly associated with being revictimized sooner rather than later. Conversely, exit via a window indicates a longer period to revictimization. The findings demonstrate the value of crime scene information held by the police and, when guided by an appropriate criminological or operational framework, the benefits of more substantive analyses to prevention and detection initiatives.
Early Switch From Intravenous to Oral Antibiotics for Patients With Uncomplicated Gram-Negative Bacteremia
Authors: Tingsgård Sandra , Bastrup Israelsen Simone , Jørgensen Henrik Løvendahl , Østergaard Christian , Benfield Thomas
Published: January 2024

Importance

Gram-negative bacteremia is a global health concern, and optimizing the transition from intravenous (IV) to oral antibiotics is a critical step in improving patient treatment and resource utilization.

Objective

To assess the association of switching to oral antibiotics within 4 days after initial blood culture with 90-day all-cause mortality compared with prolonged IV antibiotic treatment for patients with uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study conducted using the target trial emulation framework included observational data from adults with uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia in 4 hospitals in Copenhagen, Denmark, from January 1, 2018, through December 31, 2021. The duration of follow-up was 90 days. Eligibility criteria included a blood culture positive for growth of gram-negative bacteria, clinical stability within 4 days of initial blood culture, an available susceptibility report on day 4, and initiation of appropriate empirical IV antibiotic treatment within 24 hours of blood culture.

Exposure

Switching to oral antibiotics within 4 days after initial blood culture compared with continuing IV antibiotic treatment for at least 5 days after initial blood culture.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to adjust for confounding. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed using pooled logistic regression to estimate absolute risk, risk difference (RD), and risk ratio (RR); 95% CIs were computed using bootstrapping.

Results

A total of 914 individuals were included in the target trial emulation analysis (512 [56.0%] male; median age, 74.5 years [IQR, 63.3-83.2 years]); 433 (47.4%) transitioned early to oral antibiotic treatment, and 481 (52.6%) received prolonged IV treatment. Ninety-nine individuals (10.8%) died during follow-up. The proportion of individuals who died was higher in the group receiving prolonged IV treatment (69 [14.3%] vs 30 [6.9%]). In the intention-to-treat analysis, 90-day all-cause mortality risk was 9.1% (95% CI, 6.7%-11.6%) for the early-switch group and 11.7% (95% CI, 9.6%-13.8%) for the group receiving prolonged IV treatment; the RD was −2.5% (95% CI, −5.7% to 0.7%) and RR was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.60-1.10). In the per-protocol analysis, the RD was −0.1% (95% CI, −3.4% to 3.1%) and RR was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.70-1.40).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia, early transition to oral antibiotics within 4 days of initial blood culture was associated with 90-day all-cause mortality risk comparable to that of continuing IV antibiotic treatment and may be an effective alternative to prolonged IV treatment.
Exceptional Hardness and Thermal Properties of SiC/(Hf,Ta)C(N)/(B)C Ceramic Composites Derived from Single‐Source Precursor
Authors: Bernauer Jan , Petry Nils‐Christian , Thor Nathalie , Kredel Samuel Aeneas , Teppala Dharma Teja , Galetz Mathias , Lepple Maren , Pundt Astrid , Ionescu Emanuel , Riedel Ralf
Published: January 2024

In the present work, monolithic SiC/(Hf0.75Ta0.25)C(N)/(B)C ceramic composites are prepared via spark plasma sintering of amorphous SiHfTa(B)CN‐based powders synthesized from single‐source precursors. The as‐sintered ceramic nanocomposites are investigated by X‐ray diffraction, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy in order to study their microstructure and chemical composition. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity, the thermal expansion, as well as the hardness and Young's moduli of the prepared monolithic samples are determined. The incorporation of boron in the system results in enhanced densification due to decreased porosity and improved distribution of the individual phases in the composite after sintering. These favorable effects also positively influence the thermomechanical properties of the composite. The boron‐modified sample displays a decreased thermal diffusivity and conductivity compared with the boron‐free sample. Additionally, a macro‐hardness obtained by Vickers indentation of 31 GPa is achieved for loads up to 196 N, surpassing the hardness of ultrahard materials like silicon carbide, hafnium carbide, and tantalum carbide as well as their solid solutions. Young's moduli of the composites were analyzed to 405 ± 10 and 277.5 ± 41 GPa for the boron‐containing and boron‐free samples, respectively.
Thermal‐Cascade Multifunctional Therapeutic Systems for Remotely Controlled Synergistic Treatment of Drug‐Resistant Bacterial Infections
Authors: Zeng Zenan , Li Yachao , Deng Kefurong , Zou Dongzhe , Liu Liguo , Guo Beiling , Liu Yiming , Shen Cheng , Liang Xiaoyu , Xu Xianghui
Published: January 2024

Antimicrobial therapy remains one of the major global challenges, particularly in the absence of effective treatment strategies for drug‐resistant bacteria. In this study, a comprehensive treatment approach is proposed for drug‐resistant bacterial wound infections based on the development of thermal‐cascade multifunctional therapeutic systems (MTSs), spanning from the design of functional nanoscale materials to macroscopic smart hydrogel. Within the MTSs, functional antibiotic‐loaded hybrid nanoclusters enable targeted therapeutic delivery and synergistic mild hyperthermia‐antibiotic treatment, strongly suppressing drug‐resistant bacteria while demonstrating excellent biocompatibility with normal cells and tissues. Furthermore, near‐infrared irradiation can trigger the photothermal effects of hybrid nanoclusters to induce gelation of thermal‐sensitive hydrogel, forming MTSs to serve as highly adaptable, drug‐enriched protective dressings for infected wounds. Both in vitro and in vivo results substantiate that MTSs enhance the bioavailability of therapeutic agents (including bacterial internalization and tissue penetration), exert synergistic effects to completely eradicate drug‐resistant bacteria, promoted wound healing and revascularization, and demonstrate excellent biocompatibility. This work offers an innovative demonstration to address drug‐resistant bacterial infections through the advancement of sophisticated material systems.
Injectable Bioadhesive Photocrosslinkable Hydrogels with Sustained Release of Kartogenin to Promote Chondrogenic Differentiation and Partial‐Thickness Cartilage Defects Repair
Authors: Han Qian , He Jiahui , Bai Lang , Huang Ying , Chen Baojun , Li Zhenlong , Xu Meiguang , Liu Qiaonan , Wang Shuai , Wen Nuanyang , Zhang Jing , Guo Baolin , Yin Zhanhai
Published: January 2024

Partial‐thickness cartilage defect (PTCD) is a common and formidable clinical challenge without effective therapeutic approaches. The inherent anti‐adhesive characteristics of the extracellular matrix within cartilage pose a significant impediment to the integration of cells or biomaterials with the native cartilage during cartilage repair. Here, an injectable photocrosslinked bioadhesive hydrogel, consisting of gelatin methacryloyl (GM), acryloyl‐6‐aminocaproic acid‐g‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide (AN), and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres loaded with kartogenin (KGN) (abbreviated as GM/AN/KGN hydrogel), is designed to enhance interfacial integration and repair of PTCD. After injected in situ at the irregular defect, a stable and robust hydrogel network is rapidly formed by ultraviolet irradiation, and it can be quickly and tightly adhered to native cartilage through amide bonds. The hydrogel exhibits good adhesion strength up to 27.25 ± 1.22 kPa by lap shear strength experiments. The GM/AN/KGN hydrogel demonstrates good adhesion, low swelling, resistance to fatigue, biocompatibility, and chondrogenesis properties in vitro. A rat model with PTCD exhibits restoration of a smoother surface, stable seamless integration, and abundant aggrecan and type II collagen production. The injectable stable adhesive hydrogel with long‐term chondrogenic differentiation capacity shows great potential to facilitate repair of PTCD.
Leveraging Oriented Lateral Walls of Nerve Guidance Conduit with Core–Shell MWCNTs Fibers for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Sun Renyuan , Lang Yuna , Chang Ming‐Wei , Zhao Mingkang , Li Chao , Liu Shiheng , Wang Baolin
Published: January 2024

Peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery rely on the chemical, physical, and structural properties of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs). However, the limited support for long‐distance nerve regeneration and axonal guidance has hindered the widespread use of NGCs. This study introduces a novel nerve guidance conduit with oriented lateral walls, incorporating multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within core‐shell fibers prepared in a single step using a modified electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing technique to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The structured conduit demonstrated exceptional stability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, significantly enhancing the functionality of NGCs. In vitro cell studies revealed that RSC96 cells adhered and proliferated effectively along the oriented fibers, demonstrating a favorable response to the distinctive architectures and properties. Subsequently, a rat sciatic nerve injury model demonstrated effective efficacy in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Tissue analysis and functional testing highlighted the significant impact of MWCNT concentration in enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration and confirming well‐matured aligned axonal growth, muscle recovery, and higher densities of myelinated axons. These findings demonstrate the potential of oriented lateral architectures with coaxial MWCNT fibers as a promising approach to support long‐distance regeneration and encourage directional nerve growth for peripheral nerve repair in clinical applications.
Self‐Propelled Nanomotor for Cancer Precision Combination Therapy
Authors: Lu Yijie , Liu Shikang , Liang Jiarong , Wang Zhiyi , Hou Yanglong
Published: January 2024

The emergence of nanomotor provides an innovative concept for tumor treatment strategies. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents for tumors exit various therapeutic constraints due to the unique microenvironment of the tumor itself. Calcium overload, the aberrant accumulation of free calcium ions in the cytoplasm, is a well‐recognized contributor to damage and even cell death in numerous cell types. Such undesired destructive processes can be a novel means applicable to cancer ion interference therapy. Herein, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) and calcium peroxide as the driving force into nanomotors through a facile and understandable experimental scheme are successfully assembled. The modification of nucleic acid aptamer and NIR‐II fluorescent molecules on its surface simultaneously strengthens both the active targeting and imaging capability of tumor loci. Therefore, by a comprehensive assessment of nanomotors both in vitro and in vivo experiments, CaO2/DOX@HPS‐IR‐1061‐AS1411 demonstrates superior killing effects on tumor cells, and the intracellular reactive oxygen species produced by nanomotors is verified by molecular biology experiments to induce apoptosis of tumor cells and further achieve tumor therapeutic effects.
Fouling Inhibition by Replenishable Plastrons on Microstructured, Superhydrophobic Carbon‐Silicone Composite Coatings
Authors: Manderfeld Emily , Vogler Louisa , Rosenhahn Axel
Published: January 2024

Superhydrophobic surfaces are known to resist diatom and bacteria adhesion if stable air layers are formed underwater (known as a plastron). However, most preparation techniques to obtain superhydrophobic surfaces need sophisticated chemical treatments and/or complicated chemical procedures. Here a 3D printing technique is used to create different molds for polymer casting. A conductive graphite‐carbon black‐silicone composite mixture is developed to fabricate different polymer surface casts from these molds. The obtained surfaces exhibited contact angles >145°, which led to a plastron formation on the surfaces underwater, and areas with intact plastrons protected the samples from diatom attachment. Due to the conductivity of the coatings, it is possible to replenish the plastrons by heating the surfaces.
Optimizing Wavelength for Enhanced Cycling Durability of Laser‐Induced Phase Change in Sb2S3 Films: A Survey on Optical Transmission Phase Shift
Authors: Gao Kun , Qiang Feifan , Tian Senmao , Tan Yu , Liu Siyuan , Zhang Wending , Mei Ting
Published: January 2024

The advancement of nonvolatile reconfigurable photonic elements has led to the development of Sb2S3 as a desirable phase change material for optical phase modulation in visible and near‐infrared wavebands. However, achieving long‐lasting cycling durability of the phase change remains a formidable challenge. Traditional characterization methods like transmittance or reflectance measurement fail to provide a quantitative assessment of the degree of phase change. To address this, the study focuses on enhancing the cycling durability of complete phase change in Sb2S3 films by manipulating the wavelength of a femtosecond laser for amorphization. To accurately measure optical transmission phase shifts during phase change experiments, a novel liquid‐crystal retardance matching technique based on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer is developed. This approach allows for a direct and quantitative assessment of the degree of phase change without relying on an optical model. The findings reveal that longer wavelengths and multi‐pulse irradiation with increasing pulse energy significantly enhance the cycling durability of the phase change. Additionally, the cost‐effective customization of nonvolatile photonic elements is demonstrated using laser direct writing, eliminating the need for lithography. It is anticipated that this work will drive advancements in Sb2S3‐based reconfigurable devices and contribute to the broader field of nonvolatile reconfigurable photonic elements.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective (4+2) Annulation of Cyclopropane Carbaldehydes with 2‐Mercapto‐1‐Arylethanones
Authors: Yadav Neeraj , Hazra Arijit , Singh Priyanka , Banerjee Prabal
Published: January 2024

Here, we report the organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of dihydrothiopyran derivatives from trans racemic donor–acceptor cyclopropane carbaldehydes (DACCs) and 2‐mercapto‐1‐arylethanone via formal thio (4+2) cycloaddition involving thia‐Michael aldol condensation and annulation. Mechanistic studies indicate a typical kinetic resolution (KR) is involved in this transformation, which results in moderate yields and enantiomeric ratios. Remarkably, this method is characterized by its one‐pot simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and resilience towards air and moisture interference.
Silver‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Acylfluorination of Two Alkenes with Ketonic Acids
Authors: Liu Ren‐Xiang , Wang Wei , Yang Luo
Published: January 2024

An acylative fluorination of two different alkenes is developed, assisted by the interaction of silver catalyst and Selectflour. Various α‐ketonic acids can be decarboxylated to form acyl radicals at 35 °C, sequentially add to the electron‐deficient and electron‐ rich alkenes to provide the benzyl fluorinated compounds containing diversified functional groups.
Rational Design of Three Dimensional Hollow Heterojunctions for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Applications
Authors: Pan Jingwen , Wang Dongbo , Wu Donghai , Cao Jiamu , Fang Xuan , Zhao Chenchen , Zeng Zhi , Zhang Bingke , Liu Donghao , Liu Sihang , Liu Gang , Jiao Shujie , Xu Zhikun , Zhao Liancheng , Wang Jinzhong
Published: January 2024

The efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is currently limited by poor light adsorption, rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers, and ineffective surface reaction rate. Although heterojunctions with innovative morphologies and structures can strengthen built‐in electric fields and maximize the separation of photogenerated charges. However, how to rational design of novel multidimensional structures to simultaneously improve the above three bottleneck problems is still a research imperative. Herein, a unique Cu2O─S@graphene oxide (GO)@Zn0.67Cd0.33S Three dimensional (3D) hollow heterostructure is designed and synthesized, which greatly extends the carrier lifetime and effectively promotes the separation of photogenerated charges. The H2 production rate reached 48.5 mmol g−1 h−1 under visible light after loading Ni2+ on the heterojunction surface, which is 97 times higher than that of pure Zn0.67Cd0.33S nanospheres. Furthermore, the H2 production rate can reach 77.3 mmol g−1 h−1 without cooling, verifying the effectiveness of the photothermal effect. Meanwhile, in situ characterization and density flooding theory calculations reveal the efficient charge transfer at the p‐n 3D hollow heterojunction interface. This study not only reveals the detailed mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in depth but also rationalizes the construction of superior 3D hollow heterojunctions, thus providing a universal strategy for the materials‐by‐design of high‐performance heterojunctions.
Development of Synthetically Accessible Glycolated Polythiophenes for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Ding Bowen , Le Vianna , Yu Hang , Wu Guanchen , Marsh Adam V. , Gutiérrez‐Fernández Edgar , Ramos Nicolás , Rimmele Martina , Martín Jaime , Nelson Jenny , Paterson Alexandra F. , Heeney Martin
Published: January 2024

Four glycolated polythiophene‐based organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs), PE2gTT, PE2gT, PT2gTT, and PT2gT are prepared by atom‐efficient direct arylation polymerization, avoiding the need for toxic organometallic precursors. PE2gT, PT2gTT, and PT2gT are operable in p‐type accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), with PT2gT displaying the best device performance with a µC* product figure‐of‐merit of 290 F cm−1 V−1 s−1. A record volumetric capacitance among p‐type glycolated polythiophene OMIECs of 313 F cm−3 is observed for PE2gT, ascribed to the high proportionality of polar components in its materials design. The good OECT performance of PE2gT with µC* = 84.2 F cm−1 V−1 s−1, comparable with state‐of‐the‐art poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) devices, coupled with its synthetic accessibility and favorable accumulation mode operation makes PE2gT an ideal glycolated alternative to PEDOT:PSS in bioelectronics. PE2gT with the least negative threshold voltage also displays the best OECT operational cycling stability, linked to better resistance of its oxidized state against parasitic redox side reactions . Shelf life stability of OECTs stored (without bias) is observed to be better for materials with a more negative threshold voltage and higher average molecular weight (PT2gT), that are less susceptible to ambient auto‐oxidation and film delamination.
Applications of Emerging Metal and Covalent Organic Frameworks in Perovskite Photovoltaics: Materials and Devices
Authors: Cao Jiupeng , Tang Guanqi , Yan Feng
Published: January 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as the next generation photovoltaic technology due to their high power conversion efficiency and solution‐based fabrication process. The performance of PSCs relies on the composition of each layer and the interface properties between layers. Hence, the integration of novel materials into PSCs presents a viable strategy for enhancing device performance. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently emerged as promising materials for improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs. These materials offer a diverse range of tunable physicochemical properties and functionalities. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in‐depth summary of the progress in utilizing MOFs/COFs in PSCs. The review covers key aspects such as their electronic properties, synthesis methods, and various applications within PSCs, including their role as different components and their potential as lead absorbents. Finally, the review outlines important challenges and highlights future prospects for advancing this technology.
Schiff base flexible organic crystals toward multifunctional applications
Authors: Ding Xue‐Hua , Wang Li‐Zhi , Chang Yong‐Zheng , Wei Chuan‐Xin , Lin Jin‐Yi , Ding Man‐Hua , Huang Wei
Published: January 2024

The emergence of flexible organic crystals changed the perception of molecular crystals that were regarded as brittle entities over a long period of time, and sparked a great interest in exploring mechanically compliant organic crystalline materials toward next‐generation smart materials during the past decade. Schiff base compounds are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for flexible organic crystals owing to their easy synthesis, high yield, stimuli responsiveness and good mechanical properties. This paper gives an overview of the recent development of Schiff base flexible organic crystals (including elastic organic crystals, plastic organic crystals, and flexible organic crystals integrating elasticity and plasticity) from serendipitous discovery to design strategies and versatile applications such as stimuli responses, optical waveguides, optoelectronic devices, biomimetic soft robots, and organic photonic integrated circuits. Notably, atomic force microscopy‐micromanipulation technique has been utilized to bring the multifunctional applications of flexible organic crystals from the macroscopic level to the microscopic world. Since understanding mechanical flexibility at the molecular level through crystal engineering can assist us to trace down the structural origin of mechanical properties, we focus on the packing structures of various Schiff base flexible organic crystals driven by non‐covalent intermolecular interactions and their close correlation with mechanical behaviors. We hope that the information given here will help in the design of novel flexible organic crystals combined with other unique properties, and promote further research into the area of mechanically compliant organic crystalline materials toward multifunctional applications.
Phase 2 study of epigenetic priming with decitabine followed by cytarabine for acute myeloid leukemia in older patients
Authors: Im Annie , Quann Kevin , Agha Mounzer , Raptis Anastasios , Redner Robert L. , Hou Jing‐Zhou , Farah Rafic , Dorritie Kathleen A. , Sehgal Alison R. , Normolle Daniel , Bovbjerg Dana H. , Aggarwal Nidhi , Herman James , Lontos Konstantinos , Boyiadzis Michael
Published: January 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older patients has a poor prognosis, low complete remission (CR) rates, and poor overall survival (OS). Preclinical studies have shown synergistic effects of epigenetic priming with hypomethylating agents followed by cytarabine. Based on these data, we hypothesized that an induction regimen using epigenetic priming with decitabine, followed by cytarabine would be effective and safe in older patients with previously untreated AML. Here, we conducted a phase 2 trial in which older patients with previously untreated AML received an induction regimen consisting of 1 or 2 courses of decitabine 20 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) for 5 days followed by cytarabine 100 mg/m2 continuous IV infusion for 5 days. Forty‐four patients (median age 76 years) were enrolled, and CR/CRi was achieved by 26 patients (59% of all patients, 66.7% of evaluable patients). Fourteen of 21 (66.7%) patients with adverse cytogenetics achieved CR including six out of seven evaluable patients with TP53 mutations. The 4‐ and 8‐week mortality rates were 2.3% and 9.1%, respectively, with median OS of 10.7 months. These results suggest epigenetic priming with decitabine followed by cytarabine should be considered as an option for first‐line therapy in older patients with AML. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as # NCT01829503.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic Alkenes for the Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylated Ketones
Authors: Wang Jiali , Liu Hongjian , Qi Chaorong
Published: January 2024

A copper‐catalyzed oxidative trifluoromethylation of aromatic alkenes has been developed successfully, providing access to a variety of valuable α‐trifluoromethyl‐substituted ketones using Togni's reagent as the trifluoromethyl source. The use of affordable copper catalyst and readily available alkenes as the feedstock, broad substrate scope, mild conditions, and operational simplicity are the attractive features of the method. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and air might function as the oxidant for the transformation.
Multicharged Cyclodextrin‐Based Supramolecular Assemblies for Efficient Light‐Harvesting Energy Transfer
Authors: Liu Zhixue , Chen Haiqi , Sun Xinyao , Lu Jiayi , Wu Jiabin , Shang Yuna , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Li Chunju
Published: January 2024

Multicharged macrocyclic supramolecular assemblies have been widely used in luminescent materials. Herein, we constructed multicharged assemblies based on tetraphenylethylene pyridinium derivatives (TPE‐4Py, TPE‐4Bz) and sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin (SBE‐βCD) through multivalent interactions. TPE‐4Py can be assembled with SBE‐βCD to form nanoparticles with 5.9‐fold fluorescence enhancement by electrostatic interactions and π‐π interactions, displaying an energy transfer efficiency of 7 % to Nile Red and an antenna effect value of 0.8. In contrast, TPE‐4Bz with four more benzyl groups exhibited superior assembly capacity with SBE‐βCD to form twisted nanosheets through additional hydrophobic interactions, resulting in enhancement of fluorescence intensity by 121 times. The TPE‐4Bz@SBE‐βCD can be served as a good light‐harvesting energy transfer platform to Nile Red with 84 % energy transfer efficiency and an antenna effect value of 17.2. This multicharged supramolecular assembly strategy provides an effective method for the construction of assembling‐confined luminescent materials with different topological morphology.
Coherent Control of the Dynamics of Quantum Fisher Information and Geometric Phase in a 1D Photonic Crystal Waveguide
Authors: Yousefi Negar Nikdel , Mortezapour Ali
Published: January 2024

It is aimed to study a hybrid quantum‐classical system in which a qubit as a quantum system coupled to a semi‐infinite 1D photonic crystal (PC) waveguide, and is controlled by a classical driving field. PC waveguides with engineering capability serve as engineered reservoirs where various manifestations of quantum mechanics can be studied. Here, the main purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of coherent control on the dynamics of quantum Fisher information (QFI) and geometric phase (GP). It is revealed that the intensity (the Rabi frequency) of the classical field, memory time, and geometric length of the waveguide are key variables whose judicious choice aids in optimizing the estimation of the quantum parameters that are initially encoded in the qubit state. It is observed that the optical length of the waveguide and the Rabi frequency of the classical field have an interplay effect on the dynamic of the QFI and geometric phase. As an interesting finding, it is disclosed that as the Rabi frequency increases, the effect of the optical length of the waveguide fades away, and the Rabi frequency solely controls the geometric phase. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the estimation accuracy increases as the memory time decreases. On the other hand, lengthening the memory time lessens the dependency of the geometric phase on the length of the waveguide.
Correspondence on “A Mitochondrion‐Localized Two‐Photon Photosensitizer Generating Carbon Radicals Against Hypoxic Tumors”
Authors: Korth Hans‐Gert
Published: January 2024

It is shown that data presented in a paper by Chao and co‐workers do not support the formation of active “Carbon Radicals” as claimed according to the title. The assignments of observed ESR spectra and the mechanistic interpretation are severely flawed. Hence, other reactive intermediates must be responsible for the observed tumor‐damaging effects.
Transcytosis‐Based Renal Tubular Reabsorption of Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tumor Imaging
Authors: Huang Di , Tan Yue , Tang Jiahao , He Kui , Zhou Yuxuan , Liu Jinbin
Published: January 2024

Transcytosis‐based tubular reabsorption of endogenous proteins is a well‐known energy‐saving pathway that prevents nutrient loss. However, utilization of this well‐known reabsorption pathway for the delivery of exogenous nanodrugs remains a challenge. In this study, using the surface mimic strategy of a specific PEPT1/2‐targeted Gly−Sar peptide as a ligand, renal‐clearable luminescent gold nanoparticles (P−AuNPs) were developed as protein mimics to investigate the transcytosis‐based tubular reabsorption of exogenous substances. By regulating the influential factors (H+ content in tubular lumens and PEPT1/2 transporter counts in tubular cells) of Gly−Sar‐mediated transcytosis, the specific and efficient interaction between P−AuNPs and renal tubular cells was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Efficient transcellular transportation significantly guided the reabsorption of P−AuNPs back into the bloodstream, which enhanced the blood concentration and bioavailability of nanoparticles, contributing to high‐contrast tumor imaging.
Benzo‐fused Nitrogen Heterocycles by Asymmetric Ring Expansion and Stereochemically Retentive Re‐contraction of Cyclic Ureas
Authors: Mallick Rajendra K. , Žabka Matej , Clayden Jonathan
Published: January 2024

Benzo‐fused nitrogen heterocycles are common features of bioactive molecules, and the enantioselective synthesis of their substituted analogues is an important goal. In this paper we demonstrate a practical and mechanistically intriguing approach to the enantioselective synthesis of 1‐arylbenzazepines and their analogues. The reaction sequence starts with an asymmetric migratory ring expansion of indoline, tetrahydroquinoline, or tetrahydrobenzazepine ureas on treatment with a chiral lithium amide base. Treatment of the ring‐expanded ureas with acid triggers a two‐atom ring contraction—an ‘azatropic shift’ in which one urea nitrogen displaces the other—with almost complete retention of stereochemistry. Aminolysis of the urea products provides enantioenriched 1‐aryl‐tetrahydrobenzazepine derivatives and their congeners, including an analogue of an intermediate in the synthesis of the drug solifenacin. Deuteration, in situ IR, and DFT studies provide evidence for the mechanisms of the reaction steps.
Unearthing Superior Inorganic UV Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Materials: A Mineral‐Inspired Method Integrating First‐Principles High‐Throughput Screening and Crystal Engineering
Authors: Dong Xuehua , Huang Hongbo , Huang Ling , Zhou Yuqiao , Zhang Bingbing , Zeng Hongmei , Lin Zhien , Zou Guohong
Published: January 2024

Natural minerals, with their adaptable framework structures exemplified by perovskite and lyonsite, have sparked substantial interest as potential templates for the design of advanced functional solid‐state materials. Nonetheless, the quest for new materials with desired properties remains a substantial challenge, primarily due to the scarcity of effective and practical synthetic approaches. In this study, we have harnessed a synergistic approach that seamlessly integrates first‐principles high‐throughput screening and crystal engineering to reinvigorate the often‐overlooked fresnoite mineral, Ba2TiOSi2O7. This innovative strategy has culminated in the successful synthesis of two superior inorganic UV nonlinear optical materials, namely Rb2TeOP2O7 and Rb2SbFP2O7. Notably, Rb2SbFP2O7 demonstrates a comprehensive enhancement in nonlinear optical performance, featuring a shortened UV absorption edge (260 nm) and a more robust second‐harmonic generation response (5.1×KDP). Particularly striking is its significantly increased birefringence (0.15@546 nm), which is approximately 30 times higher than the prototype Ba2TiOSi2O7 (0.005@546 nm). Our research has not only revitalized the potential of the fresnoite mineral for the development of new high‐performance UV nonlinear optical materials but has also provided a clearly defined roadmap for the efficient exploration of novel structure‐driven functional materials with targeted properties.