bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Model of Competitive Entry Response
Authors: Selove Matthew
Published: December 2013

I develop a dynamic investment game with a “memoryless” research and development process in which an incumbent and an entrant can invest in a new technology, and the entrant can also invest in the old technology. I show that an increase in the probability of successfully implementing a technology can cause the incumbent to reduce its investment. Under certain conditions, if the success probability is high, the incumbent allows the entrant to win the new technology so that firms reach an equilibrium in which they use different technologies, and threats of retaliation prevent attacks; but if the success probability is low, such an equilibrium cannot be sustained, and both firms eventually implement both technologies.
Changes in Eastern Hardwood Sawtimber Growth and Harvest
Authors: Luppold William G , Miller Gary W
Published: December 2013

This article examines increases in eastern hardwood sawtimber volume by species group and species, the utilization of sawtimber by species groups and important eastern species, the utilization of sawtimber by species group by subregion, and discusses issues that could impede future growth of the hardwood timber resource. Eastern hardwood sawtimber volume has nearly tripled between 1953 and 2011 with yellow-poplar, soft maple, ash, and cottonwood/aspen having the greatest increase. Ironically, the cottonwood/aspen group appears to be currently overutilized with relatively low net growth-to-harvest ratios, but this finding appears to be the result of a high volume of aspen stems being less than sawtimber size. In general, lower-value species, including other red oaks and sweetgum, are relatively overutilized and have growth-to-harvest ratios less than 2.0. By contrast, higher-value species, including select red oaks, select white oaks, and hard maple, are utilized at the level at which they are found in the timber inventory, and all have growth-to-harvest ratios greater than 2.0. These results may be reflective of the declining production of appearance-based hardwood products relative to less valuable industrial products in the last 5 years. While the growth in hardwood sawtimber on timberland has been substantial, there are several factors that could affect future growth, including nonnative disease and insect mortality, adversely high deer populations, and land conversion.
Motor-Based Energy Consumption in West Virginia Sawmills
Authors: Devaru Dayakar G , Maddula Ramakrishna , Grushecky Shawn T , Gopalakrishnan Bhaskaran
Published: December 2013

Energy costs have risen immensely over the past decade and have strained US industrial sectors. The forest products sector is considered an energy-intensive industry group, and energy use has an important impact on a sawmill's financial integrity. This research focuses on developing specific energy consumption profiles for the manufacture of common Appalachian hardwood lumber species. Process, production, and energy data were gathered by visiting three sawmill facilities in West Virginia. With this information, the specific energy consumption (SEC) for each mill, mill production component, and species was developed. The SEC of sawmills varied between 84 kWh per thousand board feet (MBF) to 111 kWh/MBF with an overall average of 100 kWh/MBF for the three sawmills. In general, results show that denser species consume more energy than less dense species, that the SEC of hard-hardwood lumber was 98 kWh/MBF, and that the soft-hardwood lumber was 92 kWh/MBF. The SEC of Sawmill 3 was significantly different from the SECs of the other two sawmills. Results also indicated that the SEC increases as the percentage of four-quarter lumber increases during a particular shift along with an increase in the energy consumption of chipper, head saw, and resaw. Conversely, SEC decreases as the percentage of cants and timbers sawn increases.
The Cooperative Yardstick Revisited: Panel Evidence from the European Dairy Sectors
Authors: Hanisch Markus , Rommel Jens , Müller Malte
Published: December 2013

Milk is an important agricultural product that has traditionally been processed by cooperatives. Across member states of the EU-27, however, large variation exists between the national market shares of cooperatives in dairy processing. Theoretical models suggest that a strong cooperative sector secures competitive regional prices for agricultural produce. Empirical studies which seek to quantify these effects are rare though. We use panel data to study the impact of cooperative strength – measured by market shares – on national farm gate milk prices in the EU-27 for the period from 2000 to 2010. Our results reveal a positive effect of cooperative market share on price that is relatively large and robust over different specifications of the econometric model. We conclude that dairy cooperatives have a pro-competitive effect and that exemptions for cooperatives from anti-trust regulation may be justified.
The cinematic art of teaching university mathematics: chalk talk as embodied practice
Authors: Fox Janna , Artemeva Natasha
Published: December 2013

This article explores the multimodal nature of teaching university mathematics in international contexts. It focuses on the ‘cinematic’ art of teaching, applying a multimodal approach in the analysis of the pedagogical genre of ‘chalk talk’ as embodied disciplinary practice. The research draws on rhetorical genre studies and theories of situated learning and communities of practice. The data considered for the study consist of audio/video recorded lectures, observational notes, and semi-structured interviews collected from 50 participants teaching in 7 countries. Participants differ in linguistic, cultural, and educational backgrounds, teaching experience, and languages they use for instruction. The study suggests that a multimodal treatment of chalk talk as an embodied disciplinary pedagogical practice of teaching mathematics in the undergraduate lecture classroom allows researchers to further uncover the complexity of this genre. Better understanding the embodied pedagogical practices of the international mathematics CoP may lead to new insights regarding disciplinary-specific pedagogies.
Photo elicitation: Commonalities and uniqueness in cross cultural descriptions of a multicultural mental health service
Authors: Harris Michelle , Sunderland Naomi
Published: December 2013

This article supports the use of photo elicitation and analysis in multicultural service evaluation research. During a recent qualitative evaluation of a multicultural mental health respite service in Queensland Australia, a research facilitator used a collection of 130 black and white photos to initiate four focus group discussions each consisting of 5-8 participants. The facilitator asked participants to select a photo from the series that best described their service experience and to share the photo and their explanation with the larger group. Our analysis of the images selected by the four focus groups - each representing different cultural backgrounds (Afghan, Sudanese, Tongan and multicultural) - revealed that several images were selected across the different groups. We also found that other images selected closely resembled one another in thematic and relational content. This was not an expected outcome; as each of the focus groups represented a different type of service intervention, delivered by a different organisation with representation from different diverse populations. These outcomes raise a number of methodological issues that warrant further discussion and investigation. We use the current study as a worked example of how photo elicitation can generate connections not only between participants and facilitators but also how it transcends different cultures, languages, and experiences as a way to describe similar service contexts.
Turkish popular music videos as a multimodal site of resistance
Authors: Way Lyndon C.S.
Published: December 2013

Countercultural, alternative and subversive values share a history with some popular music, it being subjected to political scrutiny in both western democracies and less tolerant states. In Turkey, despite a thriving indigenous music industry, there has been a long history of censorship, arrests and even exiles due to popular music and its politics. Since 2002, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has governed Turkey, embracing free market policies, privatisation of state services and monopolies alongside conservative Islamic social and religious values. Many of AKP’s dominant discourses are articulated in Turkey’s media, due to intertwined relations. This paper asks how popular music videos can express subversion to AKP’s dominant discourses. A sample of Turkish videos is examined using a multimodal analysis of images, lyrics and music to reveal how these three modes and relations between them shape discourses of subversion. This is contextualised by examining AKP policies and a history of Turkish popular music. This study demonstrates how popular music videos can articulate discourses of subversion to dominant conservative ideologies that benefit those with power to the detriment of those without.
In Search of Peace: Navigating through the War on Educational Equality in America
Authors: Yawn Christopher D.
Published: December 2013

Across the United States, the number of blacks entering and graduating from college is at its highest level. Seemingly, progress is being made, however, probing individual students about their experiences may reveal that appearance of diversity in higher education does not translate into acceptance from the majority group. This article discusses the educational journey of the author. Through his experiences, the impact of the obstacles placed in the way of blacks who wish to successfully advance in school is exposed at multiple levels (e.g. postsecondary, graduate, etc.). Additionally, effective methods for overcoming barriers and moving forward in academia are discussed.
Harmonic response analysis of symmetric laminated composite beams with different boundary conditions
Authors: Kıral Zeki
Published: December 2013

This study deals with the determination of the harmonic response of symmetric laminated composite beams by the finite element method. The structural stiffness of the composite beam is determined by the classical laminated plate theory. Four different ply orientations, namely, [0]2s, [0/90]s, [45/-45]s, and [90]2s are used to examine the effect of the stacking sequence on the harmonic response of the beam. Proportional damping is used to model the structural damping, and the damped harmonic responses of the composite beams are obtained to show the effect of the damping on the harmonic response. The effect of the boundary conditions on the harmonic response is also investigated. The displacement maps calculated for varying excitation points are obtained for different boundary conditions and damping ratios at different vibrational modes. The numerical results presented in this study show that the magnitudes of the harmonic response of the composite beam increase as the flexural rigidity decreases, and the vibration magnitudes reduce considerably with damping. The vibration patterns created for varying excitation and observation locations change as the damping ratio and excitation frequency change.
Assessment of nano-TiO2 and class F fly ash effects on flexural fracture and microstructure of binary blended concrete
Authors: Jalal Mostafa , Tahmasebi Mostafa
Published: December 2013

Flexural fracture analysis with an emphasis on microstructural assessment of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing class F fly ash (FA) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanopowder has been carried out in this paper. For this purpose, Portland cement was replaced by low volumes of FA as 5, 10, and 15 wt% and nanopowder as 1–5 wt%. Flexural and compressive strengths were determined at different ages and empirical relationships were obtained to predict flexural strength based on compressive strength at different ages. Microstructures of different concrete mixtures were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that addition of FA could lead to flexural strength decrease at earlier ages; however, improvement of the flexural strength could be achieved at higher ages. TiO2 nanopowder as a partial replacement of cement up to 4 wt% could accelerate C-S-H gel formation as a result of increased crystalline Ca(OH)2 amount at the early age of hydration and hence increase flexural strength of concrete specimens. TiO2 nanopowder could also improve the microstructure of concrete by shifting the distributed pores to finer and less harmful pores.
The stiff-person syndrome: a brief review and report of two cases
Authors: Kemény Zsuzsanna , Pálfi Patrícia , Demeter Judit , Poór Gyula , Kiss Emese , Bálint Péter
Published: December 2013

The stiff-person syndrome is a rare and progressive neuromuscular disease which appears to have an immunpathological basis. It is characterised by painful muscle spasms and stiffness in the proximal muscles, especially those attached to the axial skeleton. The precise pathophysiology is still unknown, but several antibodies have been shown to be present in patients and these antibodies are directed against proteins which play a role in the inhibitor synapse linked to gamma-amino-butyrate. In the first part of the article the authors present two cases. In the second part they present a comprehensive review of our current knowledge about this rare disease. Orv.Hetil., 154(50), 1984–1990.
PERMANOVA, ANOSIM, and the Mantel test in the face of heterogeneous dispersions: What null hypothesis are you testing?
Authors: Anderson Marti J. , Walsh Daniel C. I.
Published: December 2013

ANOSIM, PERMANOVA, and the Mantel test are all resemblance‐based permutation methods widely used in ecology. Here, we report the results of the first simulation study, to our knowledge, specifically designed to examine the effects of heterogeneity of multivariate dispersions on the rejection rates of these tests and on a classical MANOVA test (Pillai's trace). Increasing differences in dispersion among groups were simulated under scenarios of changing sample sizes, correlation structures, error distributions, numbers of variables, and numbers of groups for balanced and unbalanced one‐way designs. The power of these tests to detect environmental impacts or natural large‐scale biogeographic gradients was also compared empirically under simulations based on parameters derived from real ecological data sets.

Overall, ANOSIM and the Mantel test were very sensitive to heterogeneity in dispersions, with ANOSIM generally being more sensitive than the Mantel test. In contrast, PERMANOVA and Pillai's trace were largely unaffected by heterogeneity for balanced designs. PERMANOVA was also unaffected by differences in correlation structure, unlike Pillai's trace. For unbalanced designs, however, all of the tests were (1) too liberal when the smaller group had greater dispersion and (2) overly conservative when the larger group had greater dispersion, especially ANOSIM and the Mantel test. For simulations based on real ecological data sets, PERMANOVA was generally, but not always, more powerful than the others to detect changes in community structure, and the Mantel test was usually more powerful than ANOSIM. Both the error distributions and the resemblance measure affected results concerning power.

Differences in the underlying construction of these test statistics result in important differences in the nature of the null hypothesis they are testing, their sensitivity to heterogeneity, and their power to detect important changes in ecological communities. For balanced designs, PERMANOVA and PERMDISP can be used to rigorously identify location vs. dispersion effects, respectively, in the space of the chosen resemblance measure. ANOSIM and the Mantel test can be used as more “omnibus” tests, being sensitive to differences in location, dispersion or correlation structure among groups. Unfortunately, none of the tests (PERMANOVA, Mantel, or ANOSIM) behaved reliably for unbalanced designs in the face of heterogeneity.
Transience and constancy of interactions in a plant‐frugivore network
Authors: Yang Suann , Albert Réka , Carlo Tomás A.
Published: December 2013

Plant‐animal mutualistic interactions such as frugivory and seed dispersal display great variation in time due to fluctuations in fruit abundance, animal abundance, and behavior. In particular, some species participate in interactions with other species only transiently, while other species are active for longer periods of time. Species with a longer period of activity are able to interact with more species, and thus engage in constant participation in an interaction network. Species with high constancy would thus be expected to help maintain the biodiversity of a community; however, the manner in which constant species link to their partners may be critical to species coexistence. Because species that interact with many partners concurrently could create more competition compared to those species that interact sequentially with many partners, evaluating the concurrence in an interaction network sheds light on how the network can maintain biodiversity. In this study, we investigate how phenological patterns of fruit production and frugivore presence affect the temporal variation of a plant‐frugivore network, and focus on the manner in which high degree species collect their interactions over time. We found a clear separation of activity periods: most species appeared only briefly and participated in relatively few interactions, or showed activity for longer time periods and participated in more interactions. Species that were active for longer time periods often shifted interactions, resulting in a sequential collection of their partners in time, rather than concurrence. For the seed dispersal mutualism in particular, sequential accumulation of partners may allow plant species more opportunities to disperse their seeds compared to concurrence. We suggest that for temporally and spatially heterogeneous landscapes, sequential accumulation of partners would serve to reduce competition and facilitate coexistence of species.
Relationships between the hTAS2R38 genotype, food choice, and anthropometric variables in normal-weighted and overweight adults
Authors: Ergün Can , Aksoy Meral
Published: December 2013

Aim: Taste is a major determinant of food choice; however, there is a great
lack of knowledge about how taste perception affects human nutrition. Bitter
taste perception presents unique opportunities for investigating this
subject. The aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms on the
bitter taste receptor gene hTAS2R38 affect an individual?s food choices and
some anthropometric variables. Subjects and Method: In this study, the
possible relationship between food preferences, body weight, and
polymorphisms on hTAS2R38 was investigated in healthy volunteers (n=178) who
weighed within the normal range (BMI: 20-24.9 kg/m2, n=90) and those who were
overweight, but otherwise healthy (BMI ? 25.0 kg/m2, n=88). Descriptive
information about the subjects was collected via a questionnaire, and
anthropometric measurements were taken by the researcher. Records of three
consecutive days of food consumption were collected to determine each
subject?s macronutrient intake. For identification of the hTAS2R38 genotype,
samples were taken from each participant's in-mouth epithelial cell line, and
the genetic material was analyzed at the laboratory for Rs713598. Results:
The percentage of ?non-tasters? (n=42) among the whole population was 23.6%
(C-Homozygote: 23.6%) while ?tasters? (n=136) comprised 76.4%
(CG-Heterozygote: 46.6%, G-Homozygote: 29.8%). When group-wide and
between-group comparisons were made, it was revealed that taster status
didn?t affect differences in anthropometric measures. Detected differences in
macronutrient intake were due to gender. Discussion: Polymorphisms on
hTAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene had no effect on variables such as body
weight, anthropometric variables, body fat percentage, or food choices within
the study population.
Genotype and liming impacts on boron and molybdenum status in maize
Authors: Kovacevic Vlado , Simic Domagoj , Zdunic Zvonimir , Loncaric Zdenko
Published: December 2013

Liming experiment with hydrated lime (73% CaO + 2-3% MgO + 21% water) in the
amounts 0, 5 and 20 t ha-1 was conducted in spring 2006. Six domestic maize
hybrids (B1 = Os298P, B2 = Tvrtko303, B3 = Os444, B4 = Os499, B5 = Os552 and
B6 = Os596) were sown at beginning of May (basic plot 24 m2). The ear-leaf of
maize was collected at flowering and grain in maturity of the 2006 and 2007
growing seasons. Boron and molybdenum in the samples were determined by the
ICP-OES method. The growing season 2006 was favorable for maize growth, while
2007 characterized stress due to drought and high air-temperatures. B and Mo
concentrations (2-yr means) in grains were considerably lower for 12-fold (B)
and close to two-fold (Mo) in comparison with the leaves. Leaf-Mo in 2007 was
about 50% lower in comparison with 2006 (0.310 and 0.149 mg Mo kg-1,
respectively). Mean differences among the hybrids (mg kg-1) were as follows:
leaf-B 9.3 (B1) to 21.4 (B3) and grain-B 1.00 (B2) to 1.50 (B3); leaf-Mo
0.157 (B5) to 0.361 (B3) and grain-Mo 0.109 (B5) to 0.137 (B1). As affected
by liming leaf-Mo were increased compared with the control 2.5-fold and 4.1
fold, grain-Mo 3.8-fold and 4.6-fold, for 5 and 20 t ha-1 lime, respectively.
Liming effects on B concentrations in maize were considerably lower, because
non-significant differences for leaf-B in 2006 and decrease for 36% in 2007
were found.
Cell cycle analysis in patients with Fanconi anemia from Serbia
Authors: Cirkovic Sanja , Srdic-Rajic Tatjana , Guc-Scekic Marija , Vujic Dragana , Micic Dragan , Skoric Dejan
Published: December 2013

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by
progressive bone marrow failure, chromosomal instability and cell cycle
blockage in the G2 phase. The hypersensitivity of FA cells can be
additionally induced with specific alkylating agents such as diepoxybutane
(DEB) and mitomycin C, which is used in differential diagnosis of FA. Among
72 patients with clinical suspicion of FA, who were diagnosed at the Mother
and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ?Dr Vukan Cupic? and the University
Children?s Hospital (2004 - 2011), in 10 patients the diagnosis of FA was
confirmed on the basis of an increased chromosome sensitivity to DEB. Five
out of 10 FA patients were available for further flow cytometric analysis of
cell cycle. We examined cell cycle blockage in G2 phase in untreated and with
DEB treated lymphocyte cultures from FA patients and from the healthy
persons, as control group. All five patients affected with FA, showed an
increased DEB induced G2-phase-blockage which was over two times higher than
in controls. The percentage of FA cells arrested in G2 phase was between
4,41% and 10,45% with mean value (MV) of 7,76%, but in the control group this
range was lower: 1,56% - 4,11% (MV: 2.84%), with no overlapping. FA patients
showed an increased spontaneous arrest in G2 phase, as well, comparing to
healthy controls (MV: 14,63% vs. 5,82%). Cell cycle assay of G2 phase
blockage could be used as an additional diagnostic tool for confirmation of
FA in patients with clinical suspicion of this disease.
Genetic structure of apple accessions maintained ex situ in Bosnia and Herzegovina examined by microsatellite markers
Authors: Gasi Fuad , Zulj-Mihaljevic Maja , Simon Silvio , Grahic Jasmin , Pojskic Naris , Kurtovic Mirsad , Nikolic Dragan , Pejic Ivan
Published: December 2013

In order to identify possible mislabeling of the apple accession maintained
ex situ in Srebrenik and to gain insight into the genetic structure of the
conserved germplasm, 14 accessions from the collection were genotyped using
10 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers. Obtained SSR profiles were then
added to an existing database constructed for previously characterized 24
traditional and 13 international, reference apple cultivars maintained at the
same collection. Bayesian analysis implemented in the STRUCTURE program
grouped 42 out of 51 analyzed apple accessions (38 traditional and 13
international) into three RPPs (reconstructed panmictic populations) with
probability of membership qI higher than 75%. Almost all international,
reference cultivars grouped in RPP3, whereas traditional B&H cultivars from
the Srebrenik collection grouped in all three RPPs. Large and significant
differentiations between all three individual RPPs were detected through the
analyses of molecular variance and confirmed with FCA (factorial
correspondence analyses). NJ cluster analysis, based on the Bruvo genetic
distance, revealed that out of 38 traditional B&H apple cultivars, analyzed
in the study, ?Ljepocvjetka?, ?Bobovec? and ?Bobovec J? grouped closest to
the international reference cultivars. Available date indicates that unlike a
large number of B&H apple cultivars which were introduced during the reign of
the Ottoman Empire, ?Ljepocvjetka? and ?Bobovec? were probably introduced at
a later date. Cluster analyses also enabled the detection of one synonym and
three homonyms within the collection. In four cases, previously conducted
identification based on phenotypic analyses was confirmed by genetic
analyses. Results of the structure analyses indicate a heterogeneous genetic
structure of the analyzed accessions. This characteristic of the B&H apple
germplasm could be useful for future breeding programs.
Forest opening with a secondary road network
Authors: Danilovic Milorad , Ljubojevic Darko
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the results of an analysis of the position and density of
a secondary road network in the group-selection management system. The
research was conducted in the economic unit Prosara in the north west of the
Republic of Srpska. The network of skid roads in the analyzed sections was
recorded using the GPS devices Garmin GPS 60 and Garmin Map 62st, and the
analysis software package used was ESRI ArcInfo 10.1. Adhering to the general
guidelines, the slope of skid roads was analyzed within six predefined
intervals: 0-12 %, 12-16 %, 16-20 %, 20-30 %, 30-40 % and over 40%. Relative
openness with a secondary road network was determined for a maximum distance
between the skid roads of 130m and it ranged from 82.62 % to 96.37 %. Such
openness was classified as very good and excellent. Together with all factors
related to stand and terrain characteristics, it appears that in all the
compartments, the density of the secondary network of skid roads is adequate
for the application of a skidder with a winch, without extending above the
maximum length of the winch rope. Out of the total length of analyzed skid
roads, 24% is within an appropriate slope interval for a planned conversion
to truck roads, whereas 37 % is the maximum slope from the ecological point
of view. The average terrain slope for the whole analyzed area is 26.4%. Such
moderately sloping terrain is suitable for the construction of skid roads
with low investment and small environmental impact. Due to their specific
configuration, the main skid roads were designed along the ridge, while the
secondary and tertiary skid roads most often separated from them at the
maximum slope, forming an irregular fish bone shape.
Prediction of annual precipitation on the territory of south Serbia using Markov chains
Authors: Lukic Predrag , Gocic Milan , Trajkovic Slavisa
Published: December 2013

Prediction of precipitation is one of the important factors that affect the
sectors such as industry, agriculture, environmental protection, and their
related fields. The stochastic method based on a Markov chain model is used
in the paper to predict the annual precipitation in the territory of South
Serbia for the period 2009-2013. For this purpose, the precipitation data
rainfall recorded on the four synoptic stations were used for the period
1980-2010.
Seed quantity and quality in fruit heads of Aster lanceolatus Willd.: Implications for invasion success
Authors: Nesic Marija , Obratov-Petkovic Dragica , Skocajic Dragana , Bjedov Ivana
Published: December 2013

Aster lanceolatus Willd. is a herbaceous perennial that is considered
invasive in many European countries. In Serbia, this plant inhabits wet
habitats and forms widespread monospecific stands. The objective of this
research is to determine whether generative reproduction has an important
role in the expansion of this species to new areas. In 13 different
localities, fruit heads were collected from lateral and terminal parts of
infructescence. Seed quantity and germination parameters were determined for
seeds in the fruit heads. The results showed that the position of the fruit
heads did not have a major impact on germination parameters. However,
germination parameters differed among the localities. The findings of this
study suggest that A. lanceolatus produces a great amount of viable seeds
that germinate in an amount sufficient to ensure a successful spread of this
invasive species to new areas.
History of the treatment of persons with psychological difficulties and the abuse of their civil rights
Authors: Petrovic Nikola , Saciri Bejan
Published: December 2013

Treatment of persons with psychological difficulties varied in different
historical periods, but in its essence remained similar until today. It
included an inhumane relationship towards these persons, involuntary
treatment through torture, and isolation from society as a kind of punishment
for their diversity. It was not until the late 19th century that the
relationship of society towards these individuals started to improve
gradually, but in the 21st century isolation of these individuals still
remained the dominant form of acceptable social solution for the ?problem?,
with a somewhat more humane attitude towards them and less cruel treatment.
Serbia has followed the trends of treatment of the persons with psychological
difficulties from the rest of Europe for centuries, but is still lagging
behind the world in the introduction of new methods of treatment. Indeed the
first legal solution to regulate the human rights of these people is
currently in the process of implementation. The subject of this paper is the
treatment of persons with psychological difficulties and the violation of
their civil rights. In a subject specific context the goal of the analysis
was the historical review of the treatment towards persons with psychological
difficulties by doctors, other practicioners and the community in general,
with reference to the current situation regarding their treatment within the
psychiatric institutions, as well as the legal regulations and the protection
of their civil rights.
Epidemiological research of violence against children in families in Serbia
Authors: Hanak Natasa , Tenjovic Lazar , Ispanovic-Radojkovic Veronika , Vlajkovic Ana , Beara Mirjana
Published: December 2013

In the paper the results of an epidemiological study conducted in 2010-2011
as a part of the regional project Balkan Epidemiological Study on Child Abuse
and Neglect (BECAN) are presented. The goal of the research was to estimate
the prevalence of physical, psychological and sexual violence against
children in the family as well as prevalence of feeling of neglect in
children. Gender and age differences in the prevalence of violence, as well
as differences with respect to geographic region and urbanicity of place of
the children?s? residence were also examined. The stratified cluster sample
consisted of 4027 children attending the fifth and seventh grades of the
primary school and the second grade of the high school. Data was collected by
an adapted version of the questionnaire ICAST-C (ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening
Tool-Chidren Version - ICAST-C). At least one experience of psychological
violence in the lifetime was reported by 68,4% of children, whereas at least
one experience of physical violence was reported by 69,2% of children.
Feeling of neglect was experienced by 28.8% of children at least once in
their lifetime. At least one experience of sexual violence was reported by
8.5% children, whereas 3,7% of them reported the experience of contact sexual
violence in the past year. The results indicate that girls are more exposed
to psychological violence and report more feeling of neglect. Conversely,
boys report more exposure to sexual violence. The rate of severe forms of
physical, psychological and sexual violence is about 0.5 to 1%.
Successful implantation of a biventricular pacing and defibrillator device via a persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Vukmirovic Mihailo , Angelkov Lazar , Vukmirovic Filip , Tomasevic-Vukmirovic Irena
Published: December 2013

Introduction. Persistent left superior vena cava is the most common thoracic
venous abnormality which is usually asymptomatic, found incidentally during
pacemaker implantation. The main problem is related to reaching the
appropriate pacing site and ensuring stable lead placement. Case report. We
reported a successful implantation of a biventricular pacing and
defibrillator device (CRT-D) via a persistent left superior vena cava in a
55-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure. A
persistent left superior vena cava was detected during CRT-D implantation. We
managed to position electrodes in the right ventricular outflow tract, a
posterior branch of the coronary sinus and in the right atrium. Conclusion.
Congenital anomalies of thoracic veins may complicate lead placement on the
appropriate and stable position. The presented case demonstrates a successful
biventricular pacing and defibrillator therapy device implantation in a
patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure.
Navigare necesse est. Possible reconstruction of a maritime-activities related occupation based on the presence of auditory exostoses in an individual from the Roman period city of Iader
Authors: Novak Mario , Alihodžić Timka , Šlaus Mario
Published: December 2013

Large bilateral auditory exostoses were recorded in the skeleton of an adult male buried in the Roman period necropolis of Zadar-Relja (the Roman colony of Iader) in southern Croatia. As the occurrence of auditory exostoses in both past and modern populations has been correlated with prolonged exposure to cold water, the authors propose that during his lifetime this individual performed activities requiring frequent contact with cold water for an extended period of time. Apart from auditory exostoses, this individual also exhibits other pathological changes including pronounced skeletal robustness, benign cortical defects at the insertion of the pectoralis major muscles on both humeri and at the attachment sites of the costo-clavicular ligaments on both clavicles, and vertebral osteoarthritis in the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. The most plausible explanation for all these changes is that this person spent most of his life working aboard a sea vessel as a sailor, boat builder or fisherman, and whose duties included frequent and intensive use of oars. This observation is based on the geographic and climatic location of Zadar, the described skeletal changes, the archaeological context of the site, recovered material artifacts and written historic sources and comparisons with similar studies.
Overall burden of under-nutrition measured by a Composite Index in rural pre-school children in Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
Authors: Acharya Atanu , Mandal Gopal Chandra , Bose Kaushik
Published: December 2013

Malnutrition is a leading cause of child mortality in India. To counteract this problem, a nutrition supplementation programme has been operating under the Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) scheme in India since 1975. Recently, the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) has been implemented to measure the seriousness and severity of overall under-nutrition in a population. Since this index presents a more complete picture than the previous three conventional measures. CIAF is utililized in this study which focuses on the overall burden of under-nutrition determination in pre-school children in Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India. Our study was conducted in 10 Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) centres, commonly known as “Anganwadi”, in the villages of the Argoal Gram Panchayat at Patashpur – II block. The total sample of 225 Bengalee ethnic children aged between 3 and 6 years was composed of 115 girls and 110 boys. The overall age and gender-combined prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting recorded was 30.7%, 42.7% and 12.0%, respectively, and these rates were considered high (30–39%), very high (≥ 40%) and high (10–14%), respectively. CIAF results revealed the same trend, with 50.2% of these children affected by anthropometric failure, with the prevalence of underweight, wasting and CIAF higher in boys than in girls. This 50.2% CIAF result highlighted that approximately half the study children were undernourished. Since this figure is much higher than that estimated by any of the three conventional indicators,, CIAF has thus proven a far better indicator in assessing the overall burden of under-nutrition in a population. The nutritional status of the children in this study requires serious remedial action.
Multiple anomalies in the atlanto-occipital joint (articulation atlanto-occipitalis)
Authors: Mańkowska-Pliszka Hanna , Wieczorek Urszula , Wysocki Jarosław , Tomczyk Jacek
Published: December 2013

Contemporary populations exhibit numerous skeletal anatomical variations and the atlanto-occipital joint (articulation atlanto-occipitalis) is often the location of such variations. A female skeleton dated at 4000 BC and excavated at Meroe in the Sudan provides an example of numerous variations in the basilar skull and cervical vertebrae. These variations consist of the presence of a bilateral atlanto-occipital joint with a third trochanter, a unilateral arcuate atlas foramen and huge axial nutrient foramina.
Swimming in the Breeding Pool: Partnering for Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources through Crop Germplasm Enhancement
Authors: Ortiz Rodomiro
Published: December 2013

Substantial and sustainable increases in productivity of all crops are needed to meet the predicted demand for food, feed, fibres, flowers, fuels, fun, feed-stocks and pharmaceuticals of this 21st century bio-based economy. Plant breeding is vital for protecting the yield gains made to date, and for further increasing the genetic yield potential of all crops. As a result of the Green Revolution, global productivity of the main food staples steadily rose since the 1960s. Such achievements ensued from crop genetic enhancement partnerships. They are models for illustrating partnering for exchange, evaluation, release and use of plant genetic resources worldwide. These partnerships include national agricultural research institutes and international agricultural research centres. For many decades the global wheat yield increased due to an effective International Wheat Improvement Network (IWIN), which deployed cutting-edge science alongside practical multi-disciplinary applications, resulting in the development of bred-germplasm that has improved food security and the livelihoods of farmers in the developing world. IWIN operates field evaluation trials in more than 250 locations of 100 countries for testing breeding wheat lines across many environments. The International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice (INGER) has become an integral component of rice breeding programmes: every year partners provide about 1000 genetically diverse breeding lines, which have been grown in about 600 experiment stations from 80 countries. The Latin American Maize Programme (LAMP) has assessed national germplasm, facilitated the exchange of genetic resources across the continent, and its core subset has been made available to encourage further use in broadening maize genetic resources. For example, the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project has used LAMP-selected landraces in crosses with elite temperate maize lines provided by North American private companies, to introgress useful genetic diversity into US maize germplasm, with the aim to broaden the genetic base of “corn-belt” hybrids.
Differences in Yield of Diploid and Tetraploid Red Clover in Lithuania
Authors: Liatukas Žilvinas , Bukauskaitė Jovita
Published: December 2013

The research was carried out in 2003-2011 at the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The fresh forage, dry matter (DM) and seed yields of red clover diploid and tetraploid populations and cultivars were determined. In total 58 diploids and 35 tetraploids were evaluated during four cycles in the study period. The average DM yield of diploids was 16.6 t ha -1 and of tetraploids was 17.8 t ha -1 . The tetraploid average DM yield surpassed that of diploids by only 6.5%. The seed yield was very low over the period. The average seed yield of diploids was 110.4 kg ha -1 . The average seed yield of tetraploids was 94.9 kg ha -1 . The diploid average seed yield was higher than that of tetraploids by 16.3%. The highest negative impact on seed yield was due to wet weather in the seed harvest year, which was favourable for development of diseases on above-ground plant parts. The study showed that tetraploid red clover had no significant advantage over diploid red clover in DM yield under Lithuanian conditions. Variation in seed yield showed that production of diploid red clover seed is less problematic. It seems that only directed disease resistance breeding can improve seed yield as well as forage yield of red clover.
Effect of Buckwheat and Potato as Forecrops on Soil Microbial Properties in Crop Rotation
Authors: Šteinberga Vilhelmīne , Mutere Olga , Jansone Inga , Alsiņa Ina , Dubova Laila
Published: December 2013

Field trials were carried out at the experimental cereal breeding fields in Stende (Latvia), an area characterized by a northern temperate climate. The soil had been under short-term organic or conventional crop management and was then subjected to crop rotation, using buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as the forecrops; wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) as the following crops; and two fertilizer regimes under common organic and conventional practices. As the evaluation criteria of the soil quality, physico-chemical (pH value, organic matter, N, P, K) were tested. In addition, the following biological properties were estimated: plate counts of different physiological groups of microorganisms, soil microbial respiration, enzymatic activity (urease, dehydrogenase and fluoresceine diacetate hydrolysis) of soil microorganisms. Soil microbial respiration activity, FDA hydrolysis and urease activity showed a tendency to decrease in the soil after potato cultivation as the forecrop. The number of bacteria was higher in plots with wheat, and the actinomycete count was lower after oat cultivation. The number of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, as well as soil microbial respiration and enzymatic activity, fluctuated due to weather seasonality.
Optimieren des Dauerschwingverhaltens vergüteter und gehärteter Stahlproben durch gezielte mechanische Randschichtbehandlung
Authors: Sollich A. , Wohlfahrt H.
Published: December 2013

Kurzfassung

Das Dauerschwingverhalten vergüteter oder gehärteter Stahlbauteile kann bekanntlich durch gezielte mechanische Randschichtbehandlungen, die betragsmäßig hohe Druckeigenspannungen in oberflächennahe Schichten einbringen, erheblich verbessert werden. Im Rahmen einer kostenorientierten Fertigung ist dabei anzustreben, entweder den sowieso vorgesehenen letz-ten Fertigbearbeitungsschritt als druckeigenspannungserzeugendes Verfahren zu realisieren oder die als zusätzliche Fertigungsschritte anzuwendenden Randschichtbehandlungen so optimal auszuführen, dass bei größtmöglicher Wirksamkeit der zusätzliche Aufwand gerechtfertigt wird. In der vorgesehenen Veröffentlichungsreihe werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, wie mit modifizierten Schleifbearbeitungen oder mit kombinierten Kugelstrahlbehandlungen durch optimale Abstimmung der für das Dauerschwingverhalten wesentlichen Einflussgrößen Oberflächenbetrag und Tiefenverlauf der Eigenspannungen, Rautiefe und Randschichtverfestigung tatsächlich größtmögliche Schwingfestigkeitssteigerungen erreicht werden können. Das Zusammenwirken dieser Einflussgrößen hängt stark vom Wärmebehandlungszustand ab. Daher erscheint die vorgenommene, den untersuchten Wärmebehandlungszuständen vergütet, durchgehärtet und einsatzgehärtet entsprechende Aufteilung des Themas zweckdienlich.
Der Umgang mit Acetylen und dessen Reaktionsprodukten bei der Niederdruckaufkohlung AvaC∗
Authors: Lohrmann M. , Gräfen W. , Jurmann A. , Niederberger K.
Published: December 2013

Kurzfassung

Die Verwendung von Acetylen als Kohlungsgas bei der Niederdruckaufkohlung zeigt deutliche verfahrenstechnische und qualitative Vorteile gegenüber der Verwendung von Propan. Weitläufig herrscht allerdings die Meinung vor, dass es sich bei Acetylen um ein besonders gefährliches Gas handelt, was die Anwendbarkeit für diesen Prozess problematischer bzw. schwieriger macht. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Eigenschaften von Acetylen und den notwendigen Versorgungsaufbau im Vergleich zu dem herkömmlichen Kohlungsgas Propan auf. Zusätzlich werden Messungen bezüglich der resultierenden Abgaszusammensetzung gezeigt, welche die Konformität mit der TA-Luft darstellen. Die Arbeit zeigt deutlich, dass aus Gründen der Sicherheit, Verfügbarkeit und Kosten einer Anwendung von Acetylen nichts entgegenspricht.
Das induktive Randschichthärten mit dem Zweifrequenz-Simultan-Verfahren (SDF-Verfahren)∗
Authors: Peter H.-J.
Published: December 2013

Kurzfassung

Das induktive Randschichthärten ist seit Jahrzehnten Bestandteil moderner Fertigungseinrichtungen und in vielen Industriezweigen fest etabliert. Dabei hat sich in der Methodik der Energieübertragung auf das Werkstück bis heute im Wesentlichen nichts geändert. Je nach der gewünschten Einhärtungstiefe werden höhere oder niedrigere Frequenzen, also HF- oder MF-Generatoren eingesetzt, wobei heute fast ausschließlich Transistorgeneratoren infrage kommen. Bei bestimmten Bauteilen kann aber eine gleichmäßige Einhärtungstiefe über eine stark strukturierte Oberflächenkontur mit einer Frequenz nicht erreicht werden, die z.B. bei Zahnrädern für höhere Festigkeitsansprüche verlangt wer-den muss. Mit dem neuen SDF-Härteverfahren können diese Diskrepanzen vermieden werden, da hier zwei unterschiedliche Frequenzen (HF und MF) simultan in hoher Leistungsdichte eingesetzt werden. Das heißt, die niedrige Frequenz wirkt vorwie-gend im konkaven Abschnitt der Werkstückoberfläche und die höhere Frequenz im konvexen Abschnitt. Diese unterschiedlichen Frequenzanteile können in der Leistungshöhe so differenziert werden, dass ein gleichmäßiges Einhärtungsprofil über die zu härtende Oberfläche erreicht werden kann.