bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic medical record alert increases HIV screening rates: the Foch hospital pilot POP-up project
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Sveltlane Dimi , Trichereau Julie , Neveu Stéphane , Fourn Erwan , Majerholc Catherine , Lesprit Philippe , Mazaux Laurence , Henintsoa Seheno Harijaona , Matejczuk Grazyna , Vasse Marc , Zucman David
Published: June 2022

Background

Despite significant national human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening activity, there are persistent delays in screening, and many missed diagnostic opportunities. To facilitate targeted screening, an electronic medical record (EMR) alert reminder was applied in the Foch hospital. Screening rates after implementation were reported.

Methods

A prospective cohort analysis was performed in Foch Hospital between 24 April 2018 and 4 October 2019 among hospitalized patients born in high HIV prevalence countries and/or having social vulnerability criteria (universal health coverage). From the admissions software, when specific low health coverage was provided and/or high-prevalence country of birth was registered, an electronic alert (EMR alert) appeared on the ward where the patient was hospitalized. The EMR alert database was examined for HIV screening and activity responses from each service of the Hospital.

Results

Eight thousand one hundred eighty-one alerts were recovered during the period for 1448 patients. 27 services used the EMR alert. Most of the alerts were directly closed (74.4%), 14.5% of the alerts were closed due to doctors declaring that they did not have time to respond. 297 (3.6%) of the 8181 alerts resulted in a prescription of HIV serology corresponding for 20.5% of the patients.

Conclusion

EMR alert can help to increase the rate of HIV screening in hospital care practice. Through this EMR alert system, HIV screening can be implemented as a common practice like any other medical alternative. Future research should examine the factors influencing physicians’ attitudes to this alert system to improve the HIV screening rate.
Genome-scale metabolic modelling enables deciphering ethanol metabolism via the acrylate pathway in the propionate-producer Anaerotignum neopropionicum
Authors: Benito-Vaquerizo Sara , Parera Olm Ivette , de Vroet Thijs , Schaap Peter J. , Sousa Diana Z. , Martins dos Santos Vitor A. P. , Suarez-Diez Maria
Published: June 2022

Background

Microbial production of propionate from diluted streams of ethanol (e.g., deriving from syngas fermentation) is a sustainable alternative to the petrochemical production route. Yet, few ethanol-fermenting propionigenic bacteria are known, and understanding of their metabolism is limited. Anaerotignum neopropionicum is a propionate-producing bacterium that uses the acrylate pathway to ferment ethanol and CO2 to propionate and acetate. In this work, we used computational and experimental methods to study the metabolism of A. neopropionicum and, in particular, the pathway for conversion of ethanol into propionate.

Results

Our work describes iANEO_SB607, the first genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) of A. neopropionicum. The model was built combining the use of automatic tools with an extensive manual curation process, and it was validated with experimental data from this and published studies. The model predicted growth of A. neopropionicum on ethanol, lactate, sugars and amino acids, matching observed phenotypes. In addition, the model was used to implement a dynamic flux balance analysis (dFBA) approach that accurately predicted the fermentation profile of A. neopropionicum during batch growth on ethanol. A systematic analysis of the metabolism of A. neopropionicum combined with model simulations shed light into the mechanism of ethanol fermentation via the acrylate pathway, and revealed the presence of the electron-transferring complexes NADH-dependent reduced ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase (Nfn) and acryloyl-CoA reductase-EtfAB, identified for the first time in this bacterium.

Conclusions

The realisation of the GEM iANEO_SB607 is a stepping stone towards the understanding of the metabolism of the propionate-producer A. neopropionicum. With it, we have gained insight into the functioning of the acrylate pathway and energetic aspects of the cell, with focus on the fermentation of ethanol. Overall, this study provides a basis to further exploit the potential of propionigenic bacteria as microbial cell factories.
What is the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) and possible obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Chen-Wei , Chang Ching-Hsiung , Chuang Hung-Yi , Cheng Han-Yun , Lin Chia-I , Chen Hsiang-Tai , Yang Chen-Cheng
Published: June 2022

Background

Association between smoking and sleep apnea is well-known from previous studies. However, the influence of secondhand smoke (SHS), which is a potential risk factor of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between SHS and OSA using a meta-analysis.

Materials and methods

For the meta-analysis, searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases on January 10, 2022, by combining various keywords including “SHS exposure” and “OSA”. Data were extracted using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fixed-effects model meta-analyses were used to pool risk ratio (RR) estimates with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). I2 was used to assess heterogeneity. Moreover, we performed subgroup meta-analyses of children-adults, and smoker fathers and mothers.

Results

In total, 267 articles were obtained through an electronic search. Twenty-six articles were included in our analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We found evidence of an association between SHS exposure and possible OSA (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.44–1.88). The results of the subgroup analyses showed that children passive smokers (RR 1.84, 95% CI 1.60–2.13) were at greater risks of possible OSA than adult passive smokers (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.21–1.50). Also, significant differences were observed in mothers with smoking exposure (RR 2.61, 95% CI 1.62–4.21, p < 0.0001), as well as in fathers with smoking exposure (RR 2.15, 95% CI 0.98–4.72, p = 0.06).

Short conclusion.

Our meta-analysis confirmed that SHS exposure is significantly associated with OSA. In the subgroup analyses, the association of SHS and possible OSA was significant in both children and adults, as well as in smoker mothers and fathers.
Recent development of contrast agents for magnetic resonance and multimodal imaging of glioblastoma
Authors: Zhuang Danping , Zhang Huifen , Hu Genwen , Guo Bing
Published: June 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) as the most common primary malignant brain tumor exhibits a high incidence and degree of malignancy as well as poor prognosis. Due to the existence of formidable blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the aggressive growth and infiltrating nature of GBM, timely diagnosis and treatment of GBM is still very challenging. Among different imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with merits including high soft tissue resolution, non-invasiveness and non-limited penetration depth has become the preferred tool for GBM diagnosis. Furthermore, multimodal imaging with combination of MRI and other imaging modalities would not only synergistically integrate the pros, but also overcome the certain limitation in each imaging modality, offering more accurate morphological and pathophysiological information of brain tumors. Since contrast agents contribute to amplify imaging signal output for unambiguous pin-pointing of tumors, tremendous efforts have been devoted to advances of contrast agents for MRI and multimodal imaging. Herein, we put special focus on summary of the most recent advances of not only MRI contrast agents including iron oxide-, manganese (Mn)-, gadolinium (Gd)-,19F- and copper (Cu)-incorporated nanoplatforms for GBM imaging, but also dual-modal or triple-modal nanoprobes. Furthermore, potential obstacles and perspectives for future research and clinical translation of these contrast agents are discussed. We hope this review provides insights for scientists and students with interest in this area.

Graphical abstract
The FACT-8D, a new cancer-specific utility algorithm based on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapies-General (FACT-G): a Canadian valuation study
Authors: McTaggart-Cowan Helen , King Madeleine T. , Norman Richard , Costa Daniel S. J. , Pickard A. Simon , Viney Rosalie , Peacock Stuart J. ,   the Canadian MAUCa Team, Chan Kelvin , Hoch Jeffery , Leighl Natasha , Mittmann Nicole , Regier Dean
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Utility instruments are used to assess patients’ health-related quality of life for cost-utility analysis (CUA). However, for cancer patients, the dimensions of generic utility instruments may not capture all the information relevant to the impact of cancer. Cancer-specific utilities provide a useful alternative. Under the auspices of the Multi-Attribute Utility in Cancer Consortium, a cancer-specific utility algorithm was derived from the FACT-G. The new FACT-8D contains eight dimensions: pain, fatigue, nausea, sleep, work, support from family/friends, sadness, and worry health will get worse. The aim of the study was to obtain a Canadian value set for the FACT-8D.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment was administered to a Canadian general population online panel, quota sampled by age, sex, and province/territory of residence. Respondents provided responses to 16 choice sets. Each choice set consisted of two health states described by the FACT-8D dimensions plus an attribute representing survival duration. Sample weights were applied and the responses were analyzed using conditional logistic regression, parameterized to fit the quality-adjusted life year framework. The results were converted into utility weights by evaluating the marginal rate of substitution between each level of each FACT-8D dimension with respect to duration.

Results

2228 individuals were recruited. The analysis dataset included n = 1582 individuals, who completed at least one choice set; of which, n = 1501 completed all choice sets. After constraining to ensure monotonicity in the utility function, the largest decrements were for the highest levels of pain (− 0.38), nausea (− 0.30), and problems doing work (− 0.23). The decrements of the remaining dimensions ranged from − 0.08 to − 0.18 for their highest levels. The utility of the worst possible health state was defined as − 0.65, considerably worse than dead.

Conclusions

The largest impacts on utility included three generic dimensions (i.e., pain, support, and work) and nausea, a symptom caused by cancer (e.g., brain tumours, gastrointestinal tumours, malignant bowel obstruction) and by common treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, opioid analgesics). This may make the FACT-8D more informative for CUA evaluating in many cancer contexts, an assertion that must now be tested empirically in head-to-head comparisons with generic utility measures.
An mALBI-Child–Pugh-based nomogram for predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure grade B–C in patients with huge hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-institutional study
Authors: Xu Ming-Hao , Xu Bin , Zhou Chen-Hao , Xue Zhong , Chen Zhao-Shuo , Xu Wen-Xin , Huang Cheng , Zhu Xiao-Dong , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Sun Hui-Chuan , Shen Ying-Hao
Published: June 2022

Objective

Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a severe complication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent hepatectomy. This study aims to develop a nomogram of PHLF grade B–C in patients with huge HCC (diameter ≥ 10 cm).

Methods

We retrospectively collected clinical information of 514 and 97 patients who underwent hepatectomy for huge HCC at two medical centers between 2016 and 2021. Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to screen the independent risk factors of PHLF grade B–C, which were visualized as a nomogram.

Results

Three Hundred Forty Three Thousand One Hundred Seventy One  and 97 HCC patients were included in the training cohort, internal validation cohort, and external validation cohort, with probabilities of PHLF grade B–C of 15.1%, 12.9%, and 22.7%, respectively. Pre-operative modified albumin-bilirubin (mALBI) grade (p < 0.001), Child–Pugh classification (p = 0.044), international normalized ratio (INR) (p = 0.005), cirrhosis (p = 0.019), and intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.004) were found to be independently associated with PHLF grade B–C in the training cohort. All the five independent factors were considered in the establishment of the nomogram model. In the internal validation cohort and external validation cohort, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve for the nomogram in PHLF grade B–C prediction reached 0.823 and 0.740, respectively. Divided into different risk groups according to the optimal cut-off value, patients in the high-risk group reported significantly higher frequency of PHLF grade B–C than those in the low-risk group, both in the training cohort and the validation cohort (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The proposed noninvasive nomogram based on mALBI-Child–Pugh and three other indicators achieved optimal prediction performance of PHLF grade B–C in patients with huge HCC.
A strategy for quality control of ginkgo biloba preparations based on UPLC fingerprint analysis and multi-component separation combined with quantitative analysis
Authors: Liu Li-na , Jin Hong-yu , Ke Zan , Xu Wei-yi , Sun Lei , Ma Shuang-cheng
Published: June 2022

Background

Many studies have assessed the fingerprint and quantitative analysis of Ginkgo biloba preparations, but the fingerprint mainly focuses on flavonoid glycosides. However, according to our previous study, the differences among diverse manufacturers mainly involve organic acids.

Methods

A novel reverse-phase liquid chromatography assay using diode array detection was developed for evaluating Ginkgo biloba preparations for quality based on a chromatographic fingerprint allowing the simultaneous assessment of eleven compounds, including four organic acids, six flavonol glycosides and one flavonoid aglycone. And the method was applied to 51 batches of Ginkgo biloba preparations from manufacturers in China. Chemometric approaches were performed for evaluating 51 batches of Ginkgo biloba preparations from various manufacturers.

Results

The similarity values among the chromatograms of 51 samples ranged from 0.45 to 1.00, showing that the quality of Ginkgo biloba preparations produced by different manufacturers varied greatly. Data analysis of the 51 batches of GBP samples suggested significant variations of the total contents of all 11 targets, also demonstrating the quality difference of GBP samples. There were significant differences in organic acids in particular.

Conclusion

Combining the chemical fingerprint and quantitative assessment revealed significant variations in the examined commercial products with regard to organic acids. Thus, this study provided a more comprehensive tool for monitoring the quality consistency of Ginkgo biloba preparations.
The symptom experience of hereditary angioedema (HAE) patients beyond HAE attacks: literature review and clinician interviews
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Milenka , Itzler Robbin , Prusty Subhransu , Supina Dylan , Martin Mona L.
Published: June 2022

Background

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a genetic disorder characterized by re-occurring swelling episodes called “attacks,” usually in the limbs, face, airways, and intestinal tract. New prophylactic therapies have reduced the frequency of these attacks. This study describes results from a literature review and clinician interviews assessing patient HAE symptom experiences and timing, and then evaluates whether existing patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools adequately reflect this experience.

Methods

A targeted literature review as well as interviews with key opinion leaders (KOLs), were conducted to capture information about the patient experience and their symptoms. An assessment of various PROs was then conducted to determine how well they each covered HAE symptoms and impacts.

Results

Nineteen HAE symptoms were identified. KOLs reported that patients on prophylactic therapy experienced some symptoms indicating an attack was imminent, but then never experienced an attack. The comparison of the different PROs found that the Hereditary Angioedema Patient-Reported Outcome was the instrument that most thoroughly examined the symptoms of patients with HAE.

Conclusions

Given the introduction of new prophylactic therapies, further research is needed to determine the effect of being attack-free for longer periods of time on health-related quality of life.
A registry of achondroplasia: a 6-year experience from the Czechia and Slovak Republic
Authors: Pesl Martin , Verescakova Hana , Skutkova Linda , Strenkova Jana , Krejci Pavel
Published: June 2022

Background

Achondroplasia (ACH) is one of the most prevalent genetic forms of short-limbed skeletal dysplasia, caused by gain-of-function mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR3. In August 2021, the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) analog vosoritide was approved for the treatment of ACH. A total of six other inhibitors of FGFR3 signaling are currently undergoing clinical evaluation for ACH. This progress creates an opportunity for children with ACH, who may gain early access to the treatment by entering clinical trials before the closure of their epiphyseal growth plates and cessation of growth. Pathophysiology associated with the ACH, however, demands a long observational period before admission to the interventional trial. Public patient registries can facilitate the process by identification of patients suitable for treatment and collecting the data necessary for the trial entry.

Results

In 2015, we established the prospective ACH registry in the Czechia and the Slovak Republic (http://www.achondroplasia-registry.cz). Patient data is collected through pediatric practitioners and other relevant specialists. After informed consent is given, the data is entered to the online TrialDB system and stored in the Oracle 9i database. The initial cohort included 51 ACH children (average age 8.5 years, range 3 months to 14 years). The frequency of selected neurological, orthopedic, or ORL diagnoses is also recorded. In 2015–2021, a total of 89 measurements of heights, weights, and other parameters were collected. The individual average growth rate was calculated and showed values without exception in the lower decile for the appropriate age. Evidence of paternal age effect was found, with 58.7% of ACH fathers older than the general average paternal age and 43.5% of fathers older by two or more years. One ACH patient had orthopedic limb extension and one patient received growth hormone therapy. Low blood pressure or renal impairment were not found in any patient.

Conclusion

The registry collected the clinical information of 51 pediatric ACH patients during its 6 years of existence, corresponding to ~ 60% of ACH patients living in the Czechia and Slovak Republic. The registry continues to collect ACH patient data with annual frequency to monitor the growth and other parameters in preparation for future therapy.
Immune response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and CAR T-cell therapy recipients
Authors: Wu Xi , Wang Lu , Shen Lu , He Lin , Tang Kefu
Published: June 2022

Recipients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy are at increased risk for unfavorable outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines remains undetermined in this vulnerable population, we therefore conducted a pooled analysis to evaluate the immune response after vaccination. A total of 46 studies were finally included, comprising 4757 HSCT and 174 CAR-T recipients. Our results indicated that HSCT and CAR-T recipients had an attenuated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination compared with healthy individuals, while time interval between transplant and vaccination, immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and lymphocyte counts at vaccination significantly affected the humoral response in HSCT recipients. In addition, seroconversion was significantly higher in patients with BCMA-based CAR-T than those with CD19-based CAR-T. Thus, an adapted vaccination strategy for HSCT and CAR-T recipients may be required, and further research on the effect of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine and the role of cellular response after vaccination is warranted.
Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccine combinations in healthy individuals: study protocol for a randomized, subject-blinded, controlled phase 3 trial [PRIBIVAC]
Authors: Poh Xuan Ying , Lee I. Russel , Lim Clarissa , Teo Jefanie , Rao Suma , Chia Po Ying , Ong Sean W. X. , Lee Tau Hong , Lin Ray J. H. , Ng Lisa F. P. , Ren Ee Chee , Lin Raymond T. P. , Wang Lin-Fa , Renia Laurent , Lye David Chien , Young Barnaby E.
Published: June 2022

Background

Over 2021, COVID-19 vaccination programs worldwide focused on raising population immunity through the primary COVID-19 vaccine series. In Singapore, two mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) and the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac are currently authorized under the National Vaccination Programme for use as the primary vaccination series. More than 90% of the Singapore population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine as of December 2021. With the demonstration that vaccine effectiveness wanes in the months after vaccination, and the emergence of Omicron which evades host immunity from prior infection and/or vaccination, attention in many countries has shifted to how best to maintain immunity through booster vaccinations.

Methods

The objectives of this phase 3, randomized, subject-blinded, controlled clinical trial are to assess the safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boost COVID-19 vaccine regimens (intervention groups 1–4) compared with a homologous boost regimen (control arm) in up to 600 adult volunteers. As non-mRNA vaccine candidates may enter the study at different time points depending on vaccine availability and local regulatory approval, participants will be randomized at equal probability to the available intervention arms at the time of randomization. Eligible participants will have received two doses of a homologous mRNA vaccine series with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 at least 6 months prior to enrolment. Participants will be excluded if they have a history of confirmed SARS or SARS-CoV-2 infection, are immunocompromised, or are pregnant. Participants will be monitored for adverse events and serious adverse events by physical examinations, laboratory tests and self-reporting. Blood samples will be collected at serial time points [pre-vaccination/screening (day − 14 to day 0), day 7, day 28, day 180, day 360 post-vaccination] for assessment of antibody and cellular immune parameters. Primary endpoint is the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulins at day 28 post-booster and will be measured against wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Comprehensive immune profiling of the humoral and cellular immune response to vaccination will be performed.

Discussion

This study will provide necessary data to understand the quantity, quality, and persistence of the immune response to a homologous and heterologous third booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. This is an important step in developing COVID-19 vaccination programs beyond the primary series.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT05142319. Registered on 2 Dec 2021.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial of MRSA throat carriage treatment, with either standard decolonization alone or in combination with oral clindamycin
Authors: Holm Mona Katrine Alberthe , Meiniche Heidi Karin , Pedersen Michael , Eriksen Helle Brander , Westh Henrik , Holzknecht Barbara J. , Bartels Mette Damkjær
Published: June 2022

Background

Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent colonizer of the human skin and mucous membranes but can also cause a variety of serious infections. Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing worldwide challenge and is mainly driven by an overuse of antimicrobials. To avoid the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Denmark, the Danish Health Authority recommends decolonization treatment of MRSA carriers and their household contacts. Standard decolonization treatment includes chlorhexidine body wash and mupirocin nasal ointment, especially throat carriage is difficult to treat. The broad-spectrum antibiotic, clindamycin, is often added to the decolonization treatment, but there is currently low scientific evidence for this treatment.

Aim

To investigate whether the addition of clindamycin to the standard decolonization treatment increases decolonization success in MRSA throat carriers.

Methods

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial, including patients ≥ 18 years, who tested MRSA positive in the throat after completing one standard decolonization treatment. All carriers included in the trial receive standard decolonization treatment and are randomized to treatment with either placebo or clindamycin capsules for 10 days. We plan to include 40 participants in each of the two treatment arms.

Discussion

Due to the lack of consistent scientific evidence of clindamycin’s effect in MRSA decolonization and the worldwide urgent need to reduce the use of antibiotics, we judged that a 30% increase in the decolonization success rate in carriers treated with clindamycin is appropriate to justify prescribing clindamycin as part of the decolonization treatment of asymptomatic MRSA carriers.

Trial registration

EudraCT number 2019-002631-29
Prediction Aided Tapering In rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biOlogicals (PATIO): protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Messelink Marianne A. , van der Leeuw Matthijs S. , den Broeder Alfons A. , Tekstra Janneke , van der Goes Marlies C. , Heijstek Marloes W. , Lafeber Floris , Welsing Paco M. J.
Published: June 2022

Background

Biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but are expensive and increase the risk of infection. Therefore, in patients with a stable low level of disease activity or remission, tapering bDMARDs should be considered. Although tapering does not seem to affect long-term disease control, (short-lived) flares are frequent during the tapering process. We have previously developed and externally validated a dynamic flare prediction model for use as a decision aid during stepwise tapering of bDMARDs to reduce the risk of a flare during this process.

Methods

In this investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, randomized (1:1) controlled trial, we will assess the effect of incorporating flare risk predictions into a bDMARD tapering strategy. One hundred sixty RA patients treated with a bDMARD with stable low disease activity will be recruited. In the control group, the bDMARD will be tapered according to “disease activity guided dose optimization” (DGDO). In the intervention group, the bDMARD will be tapered according to a strategy that combines DGDO with the dynamic flare prediction model, where the next bDMARD tapering step is not taken in case of a high risk of flare. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to the control or intervention group. The primary outcome is the number of flares per patient (DAS28-CRP increase > 1.2, or DAS28-CRP increase > 0.6 with a current DAS28-CRP ≥ 2.9) during the 18-month follow-up period. Secondary outcomes include the number of patients with a major flare (flare duration ≥ 12 weeks), bDMARD dose reduction, adverse events, disease activity (DAS28-CRP) and patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life and functional disability. Health Care Utilization and Work Productivity will also be assessed.

Discussion

This will be the first clinical trial to evaluate the benefit of applying a dynamic flare prediction model as a decision aid during bDMARD tapering. Reducing the risk of flaring during tapering may enhance the safety and (cost)effectiveness of bDMARD treatment. Furthermore, this study pioneers the field of implementing predictive algorithms in clinical practice.

Trial registration

Dutch Trial Register number NL9798, registered 18 October 2021, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/9798. The study has received ethical review board approval (number NL74537.041.20).
Prevalence of non-Plasmodium falciparum species in southern districts of Brazzaville in The Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mbama Ntabi Jacques Dollon , Lissom Abel , Djontu Jean Claude , Diafouka-Kietela Steve , Vouvoungui Christevy , Boumpoutou Reauchelvy Kamal , Mayela Jolivet , Nguiffo-Nguete Daniel , Nkemngo Francis Nongley , Ndo Cyrille , Akoton Romaric , Agonhossou Romuald , Lenga Arsène , Boussougou-Sambe Stravensky Terence , Djogbénou Luc , Wondji Charles , Adegnika Ayola Akim , Borrmann Steffen , Ntoumi Francine
Published: June 2022

Background

Although Plasmodium falciparum infection is largely documented and this parasite is the main target for malaria eradication, other Plasmodium species persist, and these require more attention in Africa. Information on the epidemiological situation of non-P. falciparum species infections is scarce in many countries, including in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (hereafter Republic of the Congo) where malaria is highly endemic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of non-P. falciparum species infections in the region south of Brazzaville.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in volunteers living in rural and urban settings during the dry and rainy seasons in 2021. Socio-demographic and clinical parameters were recorded. Plasmodium infection in blood samples was detected by microscopic analysis and nested PCR (sub-microscopic analysis).

Results

Of the 773 participants enrolled in the study, 93.7% were from the rural area, of whom 97% were afebrile. The prevalence of microscopic and sub-microscopic Plasmodium spp. infection was 31.2% and 63.7%, respectively. Microscopic Plasmodium malariae infection was found in 1.3% of participants, while sub-microscopic studies detected a prevalence of 14.9% for P. malariae and 5.3% for Plasmodium ovale. The rate of co-infection of P. malariae or P. ovale with P. falciparum was 8.3% and 2.6%, respectively. Higher rates of sub-microscopic infection were reported for the urban area without seasonal fluctuation. In contrast, non-P. falciparum species infection was more pronounced in the rural area, with the associated risk of the prevalence of sub-microscopic P. malariae infection increasing during the dry season.

Conclusion

There is a need to include non-P. falciparum species in malaria control programs, surveillance measures and eradication strategies in the Republic of the Congo.

Graphical Abstract
Provenance variation and seed sourcing for sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) in France
Authors: Girard Quentin , Ducousso Alexis , de Gramont Clothilde Boubée , Louvet Jean Marc , Reynet Patrick , Musch Brigitte , Kremer Antoine
Published: June 2022

Key message

Sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) provenance variation was assessed in a multisite test based on traits of economic and ecological relevance in France. While climatic drivers generated genetic clines at a range-wide scale, provenance variation in France was mainly shaped by past silvicultural regimes. We developed a multitrait approach to facilitate decision-making for seed sourcing. A set of provenance clusters is proposed, supporting recommendations for plantation programmes.

Context

Among broadleaves, sessile oak (Quercus petraea) is likely to spread in the context of current climate change and is increasingly planted in France. Seed sourcing is of the utmost importance for ensuring plantation success and adaptation. The selection of appropriate seed sources is highly challenging when the future climate conditions of plantation areas are uncertain.

Aims

We aimed at identifying drivers of provenance variation in Q. petraea and to build provenance clusters based on traits of adaptive and economic value, to ultimately support decision-making in seed sourcing.

Methods

We analysed a multisite provenance test established 30 years ago and comprising a large collection of Q. petraea provenances by performing phenotypic assessments of survival, growth, phenology, and stem-quality traits. We analysed climate-trait correlations at a range-wide scale and used multivariate statistics [multivariate mixed models, principal component analysis (PCA)] and classification methods [hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), K-means method] to generate an overall clustering of french provenances.

Results

Provenance effects were highly significant regardless of the trait considered, whereas interaction effects between provenance and other experimental sources of variation were minor compared to provenance and environmental variance. There was limited variation between provenances collected in the same forest in comparison to origins of different forests. We found sharp temperature-driven genetic clines for growth and phenology-related traits at a range-wide scale. The multitrait classification approach grouped the French provenances into 11 clusters, with the members of each cluster having similar trait values. Overall, the cluster composition of provenances poorly matched the provenance regions identified on ecological grounds, but rather mirrored the silvicultural regimes implemented in the source stands in the past.

Conclusions

Two of the provenance clusters (comprising a total of 34 provenances) were identified as potentially useful sources of reproductive material. We recommend mixing seeds of different provenances from a given cluster to ensure the maintenance of diversity and to enhance adaptability to future climatic conditions.
Contributions and challenges of community pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Durand Claire , Douriez Eric , Chappuis Aude , Poulain Frédérique , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Lariven Sylvie , Lescure François-Xavier , Peiffer-Smadja Nathan
Published: June 2022

Background

Healthcare services across the world have been deeply impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In primary care, community pharmacists have had an important role in the frontline healthcare response to the pandemic.

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the experiences, contributions and perceived challenges of community pharmacists regarding the provision of healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with community pharmacists in France. Participants were recruited through a professional organization of pharmacists combined with a snowballing technique. Interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

A total of 16 community pharmacists participated in the interviews. Study participants described providing a range of novel services in response to the pandemic on top of continuing their usual services. All participants described providing preventative services to reduce and mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2, such as education on hygiene and social distancing, delivery of face masks and hand sanitizer and adjusting pharmacy premises. Most respondents also described being involved in SARS-CoV-2 detection through screening and performing antigen testing in pharmacies. Participants reported being actively involved in COVID-19 vaccination by educating the general public about vaccines, facilitating their distribution to general practitioners as well as administering vaccines. Over half the respondents described rapidly changing guidelines and service users’ anxiety as challenges to the provision of healthcare services during the pandemic.

Conclusions

This study suggests that community pharmacists have significantly contributed to the response to the COVID-19 pandemic by ensuring continuity of pharmaceutical services and providing novel screening, testing and vaccination services. Their roles and responsibilities during the COVID-19 health crisis indicate that they can play an important role in the management of emerging infectious diseases.
Assessing rigid modes of thinking in self-declared abortion ideology: natural language processing insights from an online pilot qualitative study on abortion attitudes
Authors: Valdez Danny , Jozkowski Kristen N. , Haus Katherine , ten Thij Marijn , Crawford Brandon L. , Montenegro María S. , Lo Wen-Juo , Turner Ronna C. , Bollen Johan
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Although much work has been done on US abortion ideology, less is known relative to the psychological processes that distinguish personal abortion beliefs or how those beliefs are communicated to others. As part of a forthcoming probability-based sampling designed study on US abortion climate, we piloted a study with a controlled sample to determine whether psychological indicators guiding abortion beliefs can be meaningfully extracted from qualitative interviews using natural language processing (NLP) substring matching. Of particular interest to this study is the presence of cognitive distortions—markers of rigid thinking—spoken during interviews and how cognitive distortion frequency may be tied to rigid, or firm, abortion beliefs.

Methods

We ran qualitative interview transcripts against two lexicons. The first lexicon, the cognitive distortion schemata (CDS), was applied to identify cognitive distortion n-grams (a series of words) embedded within the qualitative interviews. The second lexicon, the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), was applied to extract other psychological indicators, including the degrees of (1) analytic thinking, (2) emotional reasoning, (3) authenticity, and (4) clout.

Results

People with polarized abortion views (i.e., strongly supportive of or opposed to abortion) had the highest observed usage of CDS n-grams, scored highest on authenticity, and lowest on analytic thinking. By contrast, people with moderate or uncertain abortion views (i.e., people holding more complex or nuanced views of abortion) spoke with the least CDS n-grams and scored slightly higher on analytic thinking.

Discussion and conclusion

Our findings suggest people communicate about abortion differently depending on their personal abortion ideology. Those with strong abortion views may be more likely to communicate with authoritative words and patterns of words indicative of cognitive distortions—or limited complexity in belief systems. Those with moderate views are more likely to speak in conflicting terms and patterns of words that are flexible and open to change—or high complexity in belief systems. These findings suggest it is possible to extract psychological indicators with NLP from qualitative interviews about abortion. Findings from this study will help refine our protocol ahead of full-study launch.
FLOT Versus FLOT/Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab Perioperative Therapy of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Resectable Esophagogastric Adenocarcinoma: A Randomized Phase II Trial of the AIO EGA Study Group
Authors: Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter , Merx Kirsten , Haag Georg M. , Springfeld Christoph , Ettrich Thomas , Borchert Kersten , Kretzschmar Albrecht , Teschendorf Christian , Siegler Gabriele , Ebert Matthias P. , Goekkurt Eray , Mahlberg Rolf , Homann Nils , Pink Daniel , Bechstein Wolf , Reichardt Peter , Flach Hagen , Gaiser Timo , Battmann Achim , Oduncu Fuat S. , Loose Maria , Sookthai Disorn , Pauligk Claudia , Göetze Thorsten O. , Al-Batran Salah-Eddin
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

High pathologic complete response (pCR) rates and comparably good survival data were seen in a phase II trial combining perioperative fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) chemotherapy with trastuzumab for resectable, esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (EGA). The current trial evaluates the addition of trastuzumab and pertuzumab to FLOT as perioperative treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive resectable EGA.

METHODS

In this multicenter, randomized phase II/III trial, patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive, resectable EGA (≥ clinical tumor 2 or clinical nodal–positive) were assigned to four pre- and postoperative cycles of either FLOT alone (arm A) or combined with trastuzumab and pertuzumab, followed by nine cycles of trastuzumab/pertuzumab (arm B). The primary end point for the phase II part was the rate of pCR.

RESULTS

The trial was closed prematurely, without transition into phase III, after results of the JACOB trial were reported. Eighty-one patients were randomly assigned (A: 41/B: 40) during the phase II part. The pCR rate was significantly improved with the trastuzumab/pertuzumab treatment (A: 12%/B: 35%; P = .02). Similarly, the rate of pathologic lymph node negativity was higher with trastuzumab/pertuzumab (A: 39%/B: 68%), whereas the R0 resection rate (A: 90%/B: 93%) and surgical morbidity (A: 43%/B: 44%) were comparable. Moreover, the inhouse mortality was equal in both arms (overall 2.5%). The median disease-free survival was 26 months in arm A and not yet reached in arm B (hazard ratio, 0.58; P = .14). After a median follow-up of 22 months, the median overall survival was not yet reached (hazard ratio, 0.56; P = .24). Disease-free survival and overall survival rates at 24 months were 54% (95% CI, 38 to 71) and 77% (95% CI, 63 to 90) in arm A and 70% (95% CI, 55 to 85) and 84% (95% CI, 72 to 96) in arm B, respectively. More ≥ grade 3 adverse events were reported with trastuzumab/pertuzumab, especially diarrhea (A: 5%/B: 41%) and leukopenia (A: 13%/B: 23%).

CONCLUSION

The addition of trastuzumab/pertuzumab to perioperative FLOT significantly improved pCR and nodal negativity rates at the price of higher rates of diarrhea and leukopenia.
A decade of time crystals: Quo vadis?
Authors: Hannaford Peter , Sacha Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

Ten years ago, the new era of time crystals began. Time crystals are systems that behave in the time dimension like ordinary space crystals do in space dimensions. We present a brief history of a decade of research on time crystals, describe current research directions, indicate challenges, and discuss some future perspectives for condensed matter physics in the time domain.
Generating spatiotemporal patterns of linearly polarised light at high frame rates for insect vision research
Authors: Supple Jack A. , Varennes-Phillit Léandre , Gajjar-Reid Dexter , Cerkvenik Uroš , Belušič Gregor , Krapp Holger G.
Published: June 2022

Polarisation vision is commonplace among invertebrates; however, most experiments focus on determining behavioural and/or neurophysiological responses to static polarised light sources rather than moving patterns of polarised light. To address the latter, we designed a polarisation stimulation device based on superimposing polarised and non-polarised images from two projectors, which can display moving patterns at frame rates exceeding invertebrate flicker fusion frequencies. A linear polariser fitted to one projector enables moving patterns of polarised light to be displayed, whilst the other projector contributes arbitrary intensities of non-polarised light to yield moving patterns with a defined polarisation and intensity contrast. To test the device, we measured receptive fields of polarisation-sensitive Argynnis paphia butterfly photoreceptors for both non-polarised and polarised light. We then measured local motion sensitivities of the optic flow-sensitive lobula plate tangential cell H1 in Calliphora vicina blowflies under both polarised and non-polarised light, finding no polarisation sensitivity in this neuron.
Case Report: Paraquat poisoning
Authors: Sigdel Keshav Raj , Bhattarai Saraswati , Thapa Astha , Dahal Agnimshwor , Adhikari Sudeep , Panthi Ram Chandra , Lama Mipsang , Paudyal Buddhi , Basnyat Buddha
Published: June 2022

Paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium) is a commonly used herbicide that is highly toxic when ingested. Ingestion of toxic doses of paraquat has serious complications on the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, liver, and other organs. Due to its inherent toxicity and the lack of a specific antidote, it has a high case fatality rate. Despite being restricted to commercially licensed users in Nepal, it is a common herbicide causing both intentional and accidental poisoning. Although there have been numerous anecdotal cases of paraquat poisoning in Nepal, no reports have been published in the literature. . We report a case of a 30-year old female, who developed gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea and odynophagia, renal and liver injury after accidental ingestion of 10ml of 20% paraquat. Symptoms and organ involvement subsided with timely and appropriate supportive management.
Appeal to the Lessons of the Past is Necessary and Topical
Authors: Fedorova N.
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the problem of historical education of the younger generation, including those studying in elementary school. The view of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin on the importance of studying history, starting from the first days of school education, as a prerequisite for patriotic and civic education is analyzed. The place of historical knowledge in the updated Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education and the contribution of school subjects to the formation of historical memory, historical thinking and education of moral feelings of younger schoolchildren are assessed.
Differentiated Approach in the Lessons of Literary Reading in Elementary School
Authors: Stinchkum P.
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the problem of organizing differentiated work in the lessons of literary reading in elementary school. The fundamental approaches to the preparation of assignments for younger schoolchildren, which belong to different groups depending on the level of reading skills, are substantiated. Examples of differentiated tasks are given that can be successfully used by a teacher to ensure progressive dynamics in the development of reading literacy by each student and his transition to a higher level.
The Educational Potential of the ABC Book
Authors: Bahitova L.
Published: June 2022

In the article, the author analyzes the texts of the ABC book from the standpoint of educational opportunities. Examples of methodological methods of working with the proverbs presented in the ABC book are given, which are of great importance for understanding by first-graders the purpose of small folklore genres that contribute to the development of the moral qualities of a growing personality. The content of each lesson is devoted to a particular topic. On the basis of proverbs and small author's works of art for children with first graders, issues of relationships with friends, family, culture of behavior and ethical rules of interaction with the outside world and other people are discussed.
Methodological Support of the Updated Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education
Authors: Vinogradova Natalya
Published: June 2022

The article discusses scientific and methodological approaches and characterizes the updated version of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES PGE) adopted by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation in May 2021. The structure of the Approximate educational program and its most important part - exemplary work programs of primary school subjects are considered. On the example of the work program on the subject "World around", a description of the goals, content, planned learning outcomes is given, accompanied by comments for the teacher.