bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in functional composition and diversity of waterbirds: The roles of water level and submerged macrophytes
Authors: Özgencil İbrahim Kaan , Beklioğlu Meryem , Özkan Korhan , Tavşanoğlu Çağatay , Fattorini Niccolò
Published: June 2020

Water level and submerged macrophytes are critical players for the functioning of shallow lake ecosystems; understanding how waterbird communities respond to changes in both can have important implications for conservation and management. Here, we evaluated the effects of changes in water level and submerged macrophyte status on wintering waterbird community size, functional group abundances, functional diversity (FD), and community assembly by using a dataset compiled over 50 years.

We built generalised linear models to evaluate the effects of water level and submerged macrophyte status on the above‐listed attributes of the waterbird communities by using mid‐winter waterbird censuses, water level measurements, and submerged macrophyte surveys, along with submerged macrophyte macrofossil records from two shallow lakes in Turkey. Using a relevant set of functional traits, we defined functional groups, calculated four FD measures, and simulated null distributions of the FD measures for assessing assembly rules.

We found that macrophyte‐dominated years had significantly higher abundances of waterbirds in one of the study lakes, and had more diving herbivores and omnivores in both lakes, while diving/scooping fish‐eating waterbird abundance was lower in macrophyte‐dominated years. Community size in Lake Beyşehir exhibited a negative association with water level; surprisingly, however, none of the functional group abundances and FD indices were significantly related to water level.

In our study communities, standardised effect sizes of functional richness and functional dispersion—two indices that are particularly sensitive to community assembly processes—were mostly lower than those of randomly assembled communities, which implies functional clustering. Shifts to a scarce‐macrophyte state were associated with increases in these two indices, possibly due to either changes in the relative strength of environmental filtering and limiting similarity in community assembly or sampling of transitional communities. Further studies covering a wider range of the trophic/macrophyte status spectrum are needed to be certain.

The results of this study indicate that shifts between abundant and scarce‐macrophyte states can have significant effects on wintering waterbird abundances, FD and community assembly. The results also suggest that shallow lakes in macrophyte‐dominated states can support more wintering waterbirds, especially diving omnivores, some of which are globally threatened.
Nitrogen Mass Fraction and Stable Isotope Ratios for Fourteen Geological Reference Materials: Evaluating the Applicability of Elemental Analyser Versus Sealed Tube Combustion Methods
Authors: Boocock Toby J. , Mikhail Sami , Prytulak Julie , Di Rocco Tommaso , Stüeken Eva E.
Published: June 2020

Thirteen commercially available silicate reference materials (RM) and one in‐house reference material, eleven of which have no previously published values, were analysed for nitrogen mass fraction and isotopic ratios with an Elemental Analyser (EA), and a Sealed Tube Combustion line, coupled to a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). These materials ranged from < 10 μg g−1 to 1% m/m nitrogen mass fractions and δ15N of −0.5 to +19.8‰. Existing nitrogen RM BHVO‐2, MS#5 and SGR‐1b were used to assess the accuracy of the data from the sealed tube combustion line, which was found to be in good agreement with existing published values. In contrast, the EA‐IRMS failed to fully liberate nitrogen from all silicate rocks and minerals (achieving a mean of 44 ± 10% nitrogen yield) resulting in kinetic fractionation of isotope values by −1.4‰ on average. Therefore, sealed tube combustion is better suited for analyses of silicate‐bound nitrogen. The EA worked reliably for organic samples, but care should be taken when using the EA for silicate nitrogen research. Moving forward, it is recommended that BHVO‐2, Biotite‐Fe, FK‐N and UB‐N be used as quality control materials as they appear to be most reproducible in terms of nitrogen mass fraction (relative error < 10%, 1s), and isotopic composition (< 0.6‰, 1s).
Recommended Sampling Intervals for Arsenic in Private Wells
Authors: Mailloux Brian J. , Procopio Nicholas A. , Bakker Mark , Chen Therese , Choudhury Imtiaz , Ahmed Kazi Matin , Mozumder M. Rajib H. , Ellis Tyler , Chillrud Steve , van Geen Alexander
Published: June 2020

Geogenic arsenic in drinking water is a worldwide problem. For private well owners, testing (e.g., private or government laboratory) is the main method to determine arsenic concentration. However, the temporal variability of arsenic concentrations is not well characterized and it is not clear how often private wells should be tested. To answer this question, three datasets, two new and one publicly available, with temporal arsenic data were utilized: 6370 private wells from New Jersey tested at least twice since 2002, 2174 wells from the USGS NAWQA database, and 391 private wells sampled 14 years apart from Bangladesh. Two arsenic drinking water standards are used for the analysis: 10 µg/L, the WHO guideline and EPA standard or maximum contaminant level (MCL) and 5 µg/L, the New Jersey MCL. A rate of change was determined for each well and these rates were used to predict the temporal change in arsenic for a range of initial arsenic concentrations below an MCL. For each MCL and initial concentration, the probability of exceeding an MCL over time was predicted. Results show that to limit a person to below a 5% chance of drinking water above an MCL, wells that are ½ an MCL and above should be tested every year and wells below ½ an MCL should be tested every 5 years. These results indicate that one test result below an MCL is inadequate to ensure long‐term compliance. Future recommendations should account for temporal variability when creating drinking water standards and guidance for private well owners.
Rheological and textural properties of gluten‐free doughs made from Andean grains
Authors: Vidaurre‐Ruiz Julio , Salas‐Valerio Francisco , Schoenlechner Regine , Repo‐Carrasco‐Valencia Ritva
Published: June 2020

The objective of this research was to evaluate the rheological and textural properties of gluten‐free doughs based on potato starch, which was partially substituted by different proportions of quinoa (10%, 30% and 50%), kiwicha (10%, 30% and 50%) or tarwi flour (10%, 20% and 30%). The influence of the substitution on the kinetics of the leavening process was studied as well. The back‐extrusion technique was used to determine rheological and textural properties of the dough, and the leavening kinetics were modelled using the Gompertz equation. The results showed that textural properties such as firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and viscosity index, as well as the consistency index of the doughs increased as the level of substitution of the Andean grain flour in the formulation increased. It was determined that the formulations with an addition of 10% and 20% for quinoa or kiwicha flour, and 10% for tarwi flour would be most suitable for developing gluten‐free breads.
DIY Entrepreneurship? – Self‐reliance for Women Refugees in Australia
Authors: Huq Afreen , Venugopal Vidhula
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we call for a re‐examination of the self‐reliance ideology based on a neoliberal perspective to make policies for refugee women's (self‐)employment and integration. We use a social constructionist perspective to conduct a narrative analysis of data from the lived experience of twelve women refugee entrepreneurs. Three prominent themes emerge from the women’s own narratives of their entrepreneurial journey – self‐reconstruction, social capital, and resilience. Our findings reveal the complexities of self‐reconstruction and socialization as experienced by refugee women entrepreneurs – for whom “push” factors take precedence over “pull” factors with the explicit understanding that the onus is on them to survive with their own resilience. We argue that offering people hope of a new life means offering them meaningful choices, built on forms of economic activity whose sustainability over the long term is evidenced by the positive supports available to make sure economic activity succeeds.
Factors in B cell competition and immunodominance
Authors: Abbott Robert K. , Crotty Shane
Published: June 2020

The majority of all vaccines work by inducing protective antibody responses. The mechanisms by which the B cells responsible for producing protective antibodies are elicited to respond are not well understood. Interclonal B cell competition to complex antigens, particularly in germinal centers, has emerged as an important hurdle in designing effective vaccines. This review will focus on recent advances in understanding the roles of B cell precursor frequency, B cell receptor affinity for antigen, antigen avidity, and other factors that can substantially alter the outcomes of B cell responses to complex antigens. Understanding the interdependence of these fundamental factors that affect B cell responses can inform current vaccine design efforts for pathogens with complex proteins as candidate immunogens such as HIV, influenza, and coronaviruses.
Dissolved Uranium and Arsenic in Unregulated Groundwater Sources – Western Navajo Nation
Authors: Jones Lindsey , Credo Jonathan , Parnell Roderic , Ingram Jani C.
Published: June 2020

Concentrations of dissolved uranium (U) and arsenic (As) above drinking water standards in unregulated water sources pose various human health risks. Although high natural background concentrations may occur in some environments (Runnells et al. 1992), anthropogenic contamination concerns are especially troublesome on the Navajo Nation (NN), where past U mining activity may have contaminated water supplies. This research investigated U and As groundwater contamination issues in unregulated wells in the western portion of the NN. Objectives of this research were to provide insights to human health risks by assessing the spatial extent and seasonal variability of U and As concentrations while effectively communicating the potential contamination risks to the local Navajo people. Eighty‐two unregulated wells were sampled in 2018; nine of these sources exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water standards for U (30 µg/L), and 14 exceeded the MCL for drinking water standards for As (10 µg/L). U and As levels were highest in the southwest portion of the study area and seasonal variability was observed in a subset of wells, especially shallower hand dug wells and hand pumps. The results were compiled into a report that was presented to NN chapters included in the study as well as the Navajo Department of Water Resources and the NN Environmental Protection Agency. Implications for regional water quality patterns can help to direct policy recommendations for well monitoring, water use, and remediation targets.
A mobile game as a support tool for children with severe difficulties in reading and spelling
Authors: Ronimus Miia , Eklund Kenneth , Westerholm Jari , Ketonen Ritva , Lyytinen Heikki
Published: June 2020

We used a randomized controlled trial to investigate if a mobile game, GraphoLearn (GL), could effectively support the learning of first graders (N = 70), who have severe difficulties in reading and spelling. We studied the effects of two versions of the game: GL Reading, which focused on training letter‐sound correspondence and word reading; and GL Spelling, which included additional training in phonological skills and spelling. During the spring of first grade, the children trained with tablet computers which they could carry with them during the six‐week intervention. The average exposure time to training was 5 hr 44 min. The results revealed no differences in the development of reading or spelling skills between GL players and the control group. However, pre‐training self‐efficacy moderated the effect among GL Reading players: children with high self‐efficacy developed more than the control group in word reading fluency, whereas children with low self‐efficacy developed less than the control group in spelling.
MiR‐106b inhibition suppresses inflammatory bone destruction of wear debris‐induced periprosthetic osteolysis in rats
Authors: Yu Binqing , Bai Jiaxiang , Shi Jian , Shen Jining , Guo Xiaobin , Liu Yu , Ge Gaoran , Lin Jiayi , Tao Yunxia , Yang Huilin , Xu Yaozeng , Qu Qiuxia , Geng Dechun
Published: June 2020

Aseptic loosening caused by periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) is the main reason for the primary artificial joint replacement. Inhibition of inflammatory osteolysis has become the main target of drug therapy for prosthesis loosening. MiR‐106b is a newly discovered miRNA that plays an important role in tumour biology, inflammation and the regulation of bone mass. In this study, we analysed the in vivo effect of miR‐106b on wear debris‐induced PPO. A rat implant loosening model was established. The rats were then administrated a lentivirus‐mediated miR‐106b inhibitor, miR‐106b mimics or an equivalent volume of PBS by tail vein injection. The expression levels of miR‐106b were analysed by real‐time PCR. Morphological changes in the distal femurs were assessed via micro‐CT and histopathological analysis, and cytokine expression levels were examined via immunohistochemical staining and ELISA. The results showed that treatment with the miR‐106b inhibitor markedly suppressed the expression of miR‐106b in distal femur and alleviated titanium particle‐induced osteolysis and bone loss. Moreover, the miR‐106b inhibitor decreased TRAP‐positive cell numbers and suppressed osteoclast formation, in addition to promoting the activity of osteoblasts and increasing bone formation. MiR‐106b inhibition also significantly regulated macrophage polarization and decreased the inflammatory response as compared to the control group. Furthermore, miR‐106b inhibition blocked the activation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT and NF‐κB signalling pathways. Our findings indicated that miR‐106b inhibition suppresses wear particles‐induced osteolysis and bone destruction and thus may serve as a potential therapy for PPO and aseptic loosening.
Identification of castration‐resistant prostate cancer‐related hub genes using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Cheng Yifei , Li Lu , Qin Zongshi , Li Xiao , Qi Feng
Published: June 2020

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in urinary system and brings heavy burdens in men. We downloaded gene expression profile of mRNA and related clinical data of GSE70768 data set from public database. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the relationships between gene modules and clinical features, as well as the candidate genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were developed to investigate the potential functions of related hub genes. Importantly, basic experiments were performed to verify the relationship between hub genes and the phenotype previously identified. Lastly, copy number variation (CNV) analysis was conducted to explore the genetical alteration. WGCNA identified that black module was the most relevant module which was tightly related to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) phenotype. KEGG and GO analysis results revealed genes in black module were mainly related to RNA splicing. Additionally, 9 genes were chosen as hub genes and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1), golgin A8 family member B (GOLGA8B) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 3 (MAPK8IP3) were identified to be associated with PCa progression and prognosis. Moreover, all above three genes were highly expressed in CRPC‐like cells and their suppression led to hindered cell proliferation in vitro. Finally, CNV analysis found that amplification was the main type of alteration of the 3 hub genes. Our study found that HNRNPA2B1, GOLGA8B and MAPK8IP3 were identified to be tightly associated with tumour progression and prognosis, and further researches are needed before clinical application.
Efficacy of prucalopride in critically ill patients with paralytic ileus: A pilot randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Jandee Sawangpong , Wetwittayakhlang Panu , Boonsri Pattira
Published: June 2020

Background and Aim

Paralytic ileus is a common intestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients, which results in complications and poor hospital outcomes. There are still no established effective medications, except correcting the primary causes and prokinetics trial, which have limited efficacy and potential adverse events. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of prucalopride on paralytic ileus in critically ill patients.

Methods

A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of five consecutive days treatment periods was conducted. Critically ill patients with paralytic ileus were included. The primary endpoint was the improvement of bowel dilatation on plain abdominal radiography. The secondary endpoint was the change of abdominal circumference.

Results

Twenty patients were consecutively enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics of patients. The common causes of hospitalization were infection and respiratory problems. The maximum large bowel diameters dramatically decreased in prucalopride group and reached maximum point on the third day after intervention when compared with placebo (−2.1 [± 1.8] vs 0.3 [± 1.5] cm, P = 0.01). The maximum small bowel diameters were noticeably less decreased and were not significantly different when compared with placebo. The abdominal circumferences notably decreased and significantly diverged from placebo on the third day.

Conclusions

Prucalopride was an effective enterokinetic agent to improve non‐severe inflammatory/ischemic bowel conditions related paralytic ileus in critically ill patients. Its effect was predominant on large intestine but could not be well demonstrated on small bowel in this study. Future study or concomitant other prokinetics for upper gut motility should be further evaluated.
Biological relationships and frontal sinus similarity in skeletal remains with known genealogical data
Authors: Cvrček Jan , Rmoutilová Rebeka , Čechová Markéta , Jor Tomáš , Velemínská Jana , Brůžek Jaroslav , Naňka Ondřej , Velemínský Petr
Published: June 2020

Frontal sinus analysis has potential utility for detecting biologically related individuals. However, the methodological approach to its evaluation, as well as its informative value, have been questioned. The aim of this work is to introduce a new approach to evaluating the frontal sinus using the ‘external supraorbital line’ (ESOL) and to determine whether there are sex differences within families in frontal sinus measurements and whether frontal sinus similarity reflects known genetic relationships in both measurements and morphology. We examined the skeletal remains of 41 adult individuals (25 males, 16 females), all members of one family over four generations (19th to 20th centuries), including individuals with very close consanguinity. CT images of skulls were acquired, and both the dimensions and morphology of the frontal sinuses were analyzed using their portions above the ESOL. No significant sex differences were found within families based on frontal sinus dimensions. Significant relationships were found between biological distance and the maximum height and morphology of the frontal sinuses. The greatest degree of similarity was found among closely related individuals. Additionally, in several cases, there was a greater degree of similarity between first cousins or grandparents and their grandchildren than among siblings or parents and their children. Total surface, volume and width are not significant indicators of relatedness. Known genetic relationships are also supported by individual morphological features. Variability within families with very close consanguineous relationships was lower than within families with common degrees of consanguinity, although differences are significant only for some variables.
Pregnancy outcomes after laparoscopic pectopexy surgery: A case series
Authors: Bagli Ihsan , Tahaoglu Ali E.
Published: June 2020

Aim

We aimed to present the outcomes of five pregnant women who had laparoscopic pectopexy in their past.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed all female patients who underwent modified laparoscopic pectopexy between 2016 and 2018 at our hospital. Polypropylene monofilament mesh was used for the pectopexy procedure in 36 cases of women suffering from apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Five women were pregnant at different dates after the surgery; we included them in the study (n = 5). We collected data including age, gravidity, parity, magnetic resonance image, sonographic image, POP – Quantification scores, neonatal results from the hospital database.

Results

After uneventful examinations during pregnancy, four women delivered via caesarean section; one of them got pregnant again and delivered successfully. We did not see relapse in apical prolapse or other compartments 3, 6 and 12 months after delivery. All women gave high satisfaction scores regarding POP at 12 months after delivery.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic pectopexy is an effective and alternative procedure for women with POP and a good option for preserving fertility. We found that pregnancy did not adversely affect the short‐term success of laparoscopic pectopexy, and vice versa.
Receptivity markers in endometrial mesenchymal stem cells of recurrent implantation failure and non‐recurrent implantation failure women: A pilot study
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Sedighe , Mohammadi Akbar , Mahdinejad Neda , Ghofrani Faezeh , Ghasemzadeh‐Hasankolaei Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Aim

Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) have a vital role in regeneration of endometrium during menstrual cycles. Since it has been suggested that (eMSC) likely play a role in uterine receptivity and establishment of pregnancy, we aimed to evaluate the expression levels of five most known receptivity markers‐Integrin (ITG) β1, Rac1, HoxA11, ITGβ3 and Noggin‐in eMSC of recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and non‐RIF women.

Methods

Human eMSC were isolated from menstrual blood (MB) of RIF and non‐RIF women. The isolated eMSC characterized based on their morphological and behavioral characteristics, expression of MSC‐specific surface CD markers and their capacity of differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes. The expression levels of the five mentioned receptivity markers were analyzed with real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Our findings revealed that RIF and non‐RIF eMSC expressed all tested genes at different levels. ITGb1 expression in RIF eMSC was lower than its expression in non‐RIF cells. On the other hand, all the other markers were expressed at higher levels in RIF eMSC than in non‐RIF cells although only HOXA11 and ITG β3 showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher expression levels.

Conclusion

This pilot study on determination of the expression levels of uterine receptivity markers in eMSC interestingly indicated that RIF and non‐RIF eMSC were different regarding the expression of these markers. Future studies using these findings can brighten up more the role of eMSC in the endometrium receptivity and establishment of pregnancy.
The Role of Conflicting Representations and Uncertainty in Internal Error Detection During L2 Learning
Authors: Bultena Sybrine , Danielmeier Claudia , Bekkering Harold , Lemhöfer Kristin
Published: June 2020

Internal error monitoring as reflected by the error‐related negativity (ERN) component can give insight into the process of learning a second language (L2). Yet, early stages of learning are characterized by high levels of uncertainty, which obscures the process of error detection. We examine how uncertainty about L2 syntactic representations, induced by different levels of language conflict, is reflected in ERN patterns during learning. German learners of Dutch performed a feedback‐guided gender decision task in their L2 and provided subjective certainty ratings for their responses. Initially, high‐conflict items yielded more uncertainty and ERN modulations were reversed (i.e., correct responses elicited larger amplitudes than errors). Two rounds of feedback resulted in an increase of accuracy, reduced uncertainty, and normalization of the ERN effect, signaling effective error monitoring. These outcomes demonstrate how subjective intuitions about response accuracy affect performance monitoring during L2 learning.
Testing the nutritional relevance of food‐based dietary guidelines with mathematical optimisation of individual diets
Authors: Maillot M. , Darmon N.
Published: June 2020

Mathematical optimisation of diets is generally used to translate nutrient‐based recommendations into healthy food choices but can also be used to assess the possible impact of food‐based dietary guidelines (FBDG) on nutrient intakes. Optimisation of individual diets, which allows individual variability of food consumption to be taken into account, generates more robust results and more realistic diets than population diet optimisation. It was used to simulate the impact on nutrient intakes of complying with the new French FBDGs. For each observed diet of adults in the French INCA2 survey, a new isoenergetic diet was designed to meet all food consumption frequencies recommended by the new French FBDGs, as interpreted by the constraints included in a model called DP2. Because the dairy food group is the only one whose guideline has been reduced (from 3 to 2 portions/day) compared to the previous FBDGs, an alternative model, called DP3, imposing 3 daily portions of dairy products instead of 2 was also tested. Diets optimised with the DP2 model had lower energy density and higher nutrient density than the observed diets, and inadequate intakes decreased for most vitamins and minerals. With the alternative DP3 model, the decrease in saturates was less pronounced than with 2 portions/day of dairy products (13.8%, 11.9% and 12.8% energy in observed diets and in DP2 and DP3, respectively), but calcium adequacy was improved instead of being worsened (51%, 58% and 16% of inadequacy in observed diets and in diets modelled with 2 portions/day and 3 portions/day of dairy products, respectively). Individual diet optimisation is a powerful tool for assessing the nutritional relevance of existing FBDGs and to test possible alternatives.
Move to nocturnality not a universal trend in carnivore species on disturbed landscapes
Authors: Frey Sandra , Volpe J. P. , Heim N. A. , Paczkowski J. , Fisher J. T.
Published: June 2020

Anthropogenic landscape change is a leading driver of biodiversity loss. Preceding dramatic changes such as wildlife population declines and range shifts, more subtle responses may signal impending larger‐scale change. For example, disturbance‐induced shifts to species’ activity patterns may disrupt temporal niche partitioning along the 24‐h time axis, compromising community structure via altered competitive interactions. We investigated the impacts of human landscape disturbance on species’ activity patterns and temporal niche partitioning in the Canadian Rocky Mountain carnivore guild using camera trap images collected across two regions encompassing a wide gradient of human footprint. Applying kernel density estimation techniques, we tested for carnivore species’ activity shifts 1) between a low versus high disturbance landscape, and 2) in relation to site‐scale disturbance. To test our hypothesis that human disturbance impacts species’ temporal niche partitioning, we modelled activity overlap between co‐occurring carnivore species in relation to natural and anthropogenic landscape features, as well as carnivore community composition. Multiple carnivore species altered activity patterns between the low versus high disturbance landscapes and camera sites, but these shifts varied considerably among species. While wolves appeared to increase nocturnal activity in relation to disturbance, coyote activity consistently trended towards cathemerality and marten increased diurnal activity. Detecting effects of landscape disturbance on activity overlap between co‐occurring species was highly sensitive to site‐level detection sample sizes, and our results suggest altered temporal niche partitioning between marten and wolverine in relation to forest cover. This study indicates that mesocarnivores may respond differently and perhaps indirectly to anthropogenic disturbance compared to apex predators. Apex predator shifts to nocturnality may facilitate a ‘behavioural release’ in mesocarnivores. This may be a likely component of mesocarnivore population release, with important management implications for ecological communities on disturbed landscapes.
Pericardial effusion following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes
Authors: Tinianow Alex , Gay James C. , Bearl David W. , Connelly James A. , Godown Justin , Kitko Carrie L.
Published: June 2020

PCE is a complication of HSCT that has previously been described in small single‐center studies. This study aimed to assess the frequency of, risk factors for, and outcomes of children with a PCE following HSCT across a large multi‐center cohort. All patients ≤21 years undergoing first HSCT (1/2005‐9/2015) were identified from the Pediatric Health Information System. ICD‐9 codes were used to identify patients with a PCE during or following the transplant encounter. Multivariable modeling assessed risk factors for developing a PCE and assessed the impact of PCE on patient outcome. Of 10 455 included patients, 739 (7.1%) developed a PCE (median 69 days post‐HSCT, interquartile range 33‐165 days). PCE developed more commonly in allogeneic vs autologous HSCT recipients (9.1% vs 2.9%, P < .001). Among allogeneic HSCT recipients, independent risk factors for PCE included thrombotic microangiopathy (AHR 2.94, 95% CI 2.16‐4.00), heart failure (AHR 2.07, 95% CI 1.61‐2.66), PCE pre‐HSCT (AHR 1.92, 95% CI 1.19‐3.09), arrhythmia (AHR 1.76, 95% CI 1.44‐2.16), graft‐versus‐host disease (AHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05‐1.62), female sex (AHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07‐1.52), and malignancy (AHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.02‐1.60). Allogeneic HSCT patients with PCE demonstrated worse survival than those without PCE (5‐year survival 50.8% vs 76.9%, P < .001). PCE was independently associated with mortality (AHR 1.96, 95% CI 1.62‐2.37) following allogeneic HSCT and was not impacted by pericardial intervention. PCE occurs more commonly in patients following allogeneic (vs autologous) HSCT and is associated with inferior outcomes.
Evolution of Operations Management Research: from Managing Flows to Building Capabilities
Authors: Zhang Fuqiang , Wu Xiaole , Tang Christopher S. , Feng Tianjun , Dai Yue
Published: June 2020

This forum study examines the past and the future of Operations Management (OM) research. First, we investigate the evolution of OM research from 1997 to 2018 by using machine learning tools to analyze all OM papers published in five journals (JOM, MS, M&SOM, POM, and OR), and find that the number of information/financial flow‐focused OM research papers has increased steadily over the years. Second, we present three research topics motivated by the US‐China trade war and the Covid‐19 pandemic, and postulate that future OM research is likely to involve all three flows: material, information, and financial flows. Finally, we argue that, to achieve operational efficiency, resilience, and sustainability in the Industry 4.0 era, firms should build (or strengthen) three new capabilities: Connectivity, Clarity, and Continuity. As firms develop new ways to build these new capabilities, more innovative OM research ideas will ensue.
A gibberellin methyltransferase modulates the timing of floral transition at the Arabidopsis shoot meristem
Authors: Lee Joanne E. , Goretti Daniela , Neumann Manuela , Schmid Markus , You Yuan
Published: June 2020

The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a key event in the plant life cycle. Plants therefore use a variety of environmental and endogenous signals to determine the optimal time for flowering to ensure reproductive success. These signals are integrated at the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which subsequently undergoes a shift in identity and begins producing flowers rather than leaves, while still maintaining pluripotency and meristematic function. Gibberellic acid (GA), an important hormone associated with cell growth and differentiation, has been shown to promote flowering in many plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana, but the details of how spatial and temporal regulation of GAs in the SAM contribute to floral transition are poorly understood. In this study, we show that the gene GIBBERELLIC ACID METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 (GAMT2), which encodes a GA‐inactivating enzyme, is significantly upregulated at the SAM during floral transition and contributes to the regulation of flowering time. Loss of GAMT2 function leads to early flowering, whereas transgenic misexpression of GAMT2 in specific regions around the SAM delays flowering. We also found that GAMT2 expression is independent of the key floral regulator LEAFY but is strongly increased by the application of exogenous GA. Our results indicate that GAMT2 is a repressor of flowering that may act as a buffer of GA levels at the SAM to help prevent premature flowering.
Area and volume computation of longitude–latitude grids and three‐dimensional meshes
Authors: Kelly Kevin , Šavrič Bojan
Published: June 2020

Longitude–latitude grids are commonly used for surface analyses and data storage in GIS. For volumetric analyses, three‐dimensional meshes perpendicularly raised above or below the gridded surface are applied. Since grids and meshes are defined with geographic coordinates, they are not equal area or volume due to convergence of the meridians and radii. This article compiles and presents known geodetic considerations and relevant formulae needed for longitude–latitude grid and mesh analyses in GIS. The effect of neglecting these considerations is demonstrated on area and volume calculations of ecological marine units.
Radiographic determination of normal canine femoral alignment in the sagittal plane: A cadaveric pilot study
Authors: Peterson Jennifer L. , Torres Bryan T. , Hutcheson Kyle D. , Fox Derek B.
Published: June 2020

Objective

To establish a reliable methodology for radiographic determination of alignment of the normal canine femur in the sagittal plane.

Study design

Cadaveric pilot study.

Sample population

Twenty‐nine cadaveric canine femurs.

Methods

Femoral specimens were collected from the University of Missouri veterinary anatomy laboratory, and standardized sagittal plane radiographs were obtained. The anatomic and mechanical axes, joint orientation, lines and joint orientation angles were determined in the sagittal plane by using the center of rotation of angulation methodology. Landmarks were clearly described to allow repeatability and reliability of measurements. Three observers with various degrees of experience measured two centers of rotation of normal angulation, the anatomic caudoproximal femoral angle, and the mechanical caudodistal femoral angle for all femurs on three separate days. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were measured by using two‐way mixed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with associated 95% CI.

Results

Twenty‐nine medium to large breed canine femora were measured. A high degree of correlation was present both among and between observers for all measurements performed, as defined by an ICC >0.8 for each.

Conclusion

The described methodology was reliable and repeatable for measurement of angulation of grossly normal canine femora in the sagittal plane when performed by observers with varying degrees of clinical experience, as evidenced by a high degree of correlation for all values measured.

Clinical significance

This methodology may be used for standardized evaluation of alignment of canine femora in the sagittal plane.
Effects of Heart Rate on the Pulsatile Flow Characteristics of a Stenotic Aortic Valve Model: An In Vitro Experimental Study
Authors: Zhang Ruihang , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the characteristics of pulsatile flow past a silicone-based artificial stenotic aortic valve under varied heart rates have been studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Pulsatile flow waveforms were generated by a closed-loop cardiovascular flow simulator. Phase-locked PIV was employed to quantify the average and turbulent flow field information. Pressure gradient waveforms were recorded to evaluate the severity of the stenosis. Results suggest that as the heart rate increases, the peak pressure gradient across the stenotic aortic valve increases significantly under the same cardiac output. Under the same cardiac output, the aortic valve area (AVA) estimated using Gorlin equation decreases as the heart rate increases, while the trend is reversed using Hakki equation estimation. PIV results suggest that the peak systolic jet velocity downstream of the valve increases as the heart rate increases, implying a longer pressure recovery distance as heart rate increases. While the turbulence at peak systole is higher under the slower heart rate, the faster heart rate contributes to higher turbulence during the late systole and early diastole phases. Based on the comparison with no-valve cases, the differences in turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) was mainly related to the dynamics of leaflets under different heart rates. Overall, the results obtained in this study demonstrate that the hemodynamics of a stenotic aortic valve is complex, and the assessment of AS could be significantly affected by the pulsating rate of the flow.
Effects of Exercises on a Hard, Soft, and Sand Surface on Functional Outcomes of Community-Dwelling Older Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kaewjoho Chonticha , Thaweewannakij Thiwabhorn , Mato Lugkana , Nakmaroeng Saowanee , Phadungkit Supaporn , Amatachaya Sugalya
Published: June 2020

This single-blind, randomized controlled trial compared the effects of Thai dance exercise training on hard, soft, and sand surfaces on the functional outcomes of 120 community-dwelling older adults (40 subjects/group). The subjects were involved in a Thai dance exercise program on each surface, according to their groups, for 50 min/day, 3 days/week, for 6 weeks. The functional outcomes were assessed prior to training, at Week 3, and Week 6 after training. Subjects showed a significant improvement in all functional tests at 3 and 6 weeks after training, particularly in those who were trained on a sand surface and a soft surface (7–30% improvement,p < .05). The improvement was especially demonstrated in the complex and demanding motor activities after exercise on a soft and sand surface. Aside from attempting to modify training programs on a hard surface, the current findings suggest an alternative and cost-effective program to promote the levels of independence and safety that can be applied easily in clinical, home-based, and community settings.
Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Benzotriazine Analogues as HIV-1 Latency-Reversing Agents
Authors: Sorensen Eric S. , Macedo Amanda B. , Resop Rachel S. , Howard J. Natalie , Nell Racheal , Sarabia Indra , Newman Daniel , Ren Yanqin , Jones R. Brad , Planelles Vicente , Spivak Adam M. , Bosque Alberto
Published: June 2020

“Shock and kill” therapeutic strategies toward HIV eradication are based on the transcriptional activation of latent HIV with a latency-reversing agent (LRA) and the consequent killing of the reactivated cell by either the cytopathic effect of HIV or an arm of the immune system. We have recently found several benzotriazole and benzotriazine analogues that have the ability to reactivate latent HIV by inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) SUMOylation and promoting STAT5 binding to the HIV long terminal repeat and increasing its transcriptional activity.
Time above the MIC of Piperacillin-Tazobactam as a Predictor of Outcome in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia
Authors: Tannous Elias , Lipman Shelly , Tonna Antonella , Hector Emma , Hussein Ziad , Stein Michal , Reisfeld Sharon
Published: June 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
bacteremia is an infection associated with a high mortality rate. Piperacillin-tazobactam is a β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combination that is frequently used for the management of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infections. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic index associated with
in vitro
maximal bacterial killing for piperacillin-tazobactam is the percentage of the time between doses at which the free fraction concentration remains above the MIC (%
fT
>MIC
).
Assembly Mechanism of a Supramolecular MS-Ring Complex To Initiate Bacterial Flagellar Biogenesis in
Vibrio
Species
Authors: Terashima Hiroyuki , Hirano Keiichi , Inoue Yuna , Tokano Takaya , Kawamoto Akihiro , Kato Takayuki , Yamaguchi Erika , Namba Keiichi , Uchihashi Takayuki , Kojima Seiji , Homma Michio
Published: June 2020

Flagellar formation is initiated by the assembly of the FliF protein into the MS-ring complex, which is embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. The appropriate spatial/temporal control of MS-ring formation is important for the morphogenesis of the bacterial flagellum. Here, we focus on the assembly mechanism of
Vibrio
FliF into the MS-ring. FlhF, a positive regulator of the number and location of flagella, recruits the FliF molecules at the cell pole and facilitates MS-ring formation. FliG also facilitates MS-ring formation. Our study showed that these factors control flagellar biogenesis in
Vibrio
by initiating the MS-ring assembly. Furthermore, it also implies that flagellar biogenesis is a sophisticated system linked with the expression of certain genes, protein localization, and a supramolecular complex assembly.
Functional Determinants of a Small Protein Controlling a Broadly Conserved Bacterial Sensor Kinase
Authors: Yadavalli Srujana S. , Goh Ted , Carey Jeffrey N. , Malengo Gabriele , Vellappan Sangeevan , Nickels Bryce E. , Sourjik Victor , Goulian Mark , Yuan Jing
Published: June 2020

One of the primary means by which bacteria adapt to their environment is through pairs of proteins consisting of a sensor and a response regulator. A small membrane protein, MgrB, impedes the activity of sensor protein PhoQ, thereby affecting the expression of PhoQ regulated virulence genes in pathogenic bacteria. However, it is unknown how such a small protein modulates the activity of PhoQ. Here, we studied the functional determinants of MgrB and identified specific amino acids critical for the protein's inhibitory function. Notably, we find that the membrane-spanning region is important for MgrB interaction with PhoQ. Additionally, this region appears to physically interact with other sensors, a property that may be important for evolving small protein regulators of sensor kinases.
An Alternatively Spliced Sirtuin 2 Isoform 5 Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication from cccDNA by Repressing Epigenetic Modifications Made by Histone Lysine Methyltransferases
Authors: Piracha Zahra Zahid , Saeed Umar , Kim Jumi , Kwon Hyeonjoong , Chwae Yong-Joon , Lee Hyun Woong , Lim Jin Hong , Park Sun , Shin Ho-Joon , Kim Kyongmin
Published: June 2020

Sirt2, a predominant cytoplasmic α-tubulin deacetylase, promotes the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma; indeed, HBV replication increases Sirt2 expression, and overexpression of Sirt2 is associated with hepatic fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Increased amounts of Sirt2 isoforms 1, 2, and 5 upon HBV replication might further upregulate HBV replication, leading to a vicious cycle of virus replication/disease progression. However, we show here that catalytically inactive nuclear Sirt2.5 antagonizes the effects of Sirt2.1 and Sirt2.2 on HBV replication, thereby inhibiting cccDNA level, transcription of cccDNA, and subsequent synthesis of replicative intermediate DNA. More Sirt2.5 was recruited to cccDNA than Sirt2.1, thereby increasing epigenetic modification by depositing transcriptional repressive markers, possibly through direct and/or indirect association with histone lysine methyltransferases, such as SETDB1, SUV39H1, EZH2, and/or PR-Set7, which represses HBV transcription. Thus, Sirt2.5 might provide a functional cure for HBV by silencing the transcription of HBV.
Induction of Neutralizing Responses against Autologous Virus in Maternal HIV Vaccine Trials
Authors: Hompe Eliza D. , Mangold Jesse F. , Kumar Amit , Eudailey Joshua A. , McGuire Erin , Haynes Barton F. , Moody M. Anthony , Wright Peter F. , Fouda Genevieve G. , Giorgi Elena E. , Gao Feng , Permar Sallie R.
Published: June 2020

Maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) has effectively reduced but not eliminated the burden of mother-to-child transmission of HIV across the globe, as an estimated 160,000 children were newly infected with HIV in 2018. Thus, additional preventive strategies beyond ART will be required to close the remaining gap and end the pediatric HIV epidemic. A maternal active immunization strategy that synergizes with maternal ART could further reduce infant HIV infections. In this study, we found that two historic HIV Env vaccines did not enhance the ability of HIV-infected pregnant women to neutralize autologous viruses. Therefore, next-generation maternal HIV vaccine candidates must employ alternate approaches to achieve potent neutralizing antibody and perhaps nonneutralizing antibody responses to effectively impede vertical virus transmission. Moreover, these approaches must reflect the broad diversity of HIV strains and widespread availability of ART worldwide.
Ebstein anomaly associated with cri du chat (cat’s cry) syndrome and 20q duplication
Authors: Olivella Alberto , Manotas Hernan , Payán-Gómez César , Piñeros Juan Gabriel
Published: June 2020

Ebstein anomaly is a congenital heart defect with a low prevalence and high mortality in the early stages of life. In medical literature, there is no reported association between Ebstein anomaly and cri du chat syndrome. Here, we report the case of a full-term newborn with a low weight for his age and who had a prenatal diagnosis of Ebstein anomaly and a postnatal diagnosis of cri du chat syndrome and 20q duplication detected on array CGH. The patient required medical treatment with inotropic support, high-frequency ventilation and nitric oxide, with an adequate response. Surgical intervention was not needed.
Reflecting on success in trauma research: experiences from the SGCNS and SIR studies
Authors: Bentley Conor , Cooper L , Foster M , Fallowfield J
Published: June 2020

The inclusion of British Service Personnel (SP) lacking capacity into research studies from the point of injury through to medium-term rehabilitation had not previously been undertaken until work to support operations in Afghanistan (2001–2014). The Surgeon General’s Casualty Nutrition Study and the Steroids and Immunity from Injury through to Rehabilitation Study sought to address the nutrition, endocrine and immune responses in a military patient cohort. A fundamental part of research is to feedback to patients, their relatives and ward staff on data collection and outcomes, and how future research may be improved to better support both injured SP and trauma patients in the UK. This paper will provide an experiential view on the delivery, operations and infrastructure requirements that should be considered when developing military research at a role-3 facility, before, during and after a study.