bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Problems among Slum Children â€“ A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Azad Muhammad Chanchal , Rabbani Md. Golam
Published: May 2023

Slum children are at risk for serious mental health problems because of their economic and social environments. Little is known about their mental health. This cross sectional study was carried out to know the extent of mental health problems among slum-dweller children in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. One hundred and twenty students of four different primary schools were selected. In the first stage of the study, socio-demographic data as well as information about mental health problems were collected through socio-demographic questionnaire and validated Bengali version of Rutter B2 scale respectively, from the teachers of the schools. In the second stage, all the students were assessed again personally by the both authors with the help of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- fourth edition (DSM-IV). High prevalence of mental health problems was found among slum children (70.8%). Emotional, conduct and undifferentiated disorders were detected in 14.17%, 45.83% and 10.83%, respectively. Conduct disorder was 3.23 times more prevalent in the children than was emotional disorder. It was more prevalent in boys than in girls (57.90% vs 34.90%). Significant relationships were found among gender and emotional disorder (p < 0.030), fatherâ€™s employment status and undifferentiated disorder (p < 0.010), substance abuse by father and childâ€™s emotional disorder(p <0.050) and also, gender and conduct disorder (p < 0.001). High prevalence of mental health problems among slum children is alarming. Unrecognized and consecutively untreated mental health problems during childhood may have life-long impact.
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: A versatile pathogen that should be under surveillance
Authors: Zaw Lin , Emran Nor Amalina , Yun Mei Lai , Zaw Myo Thura
Published: May 2023

Out of bacteria which cause food â€“borne infections, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is well known to be pathogen causing serious outbreaks. The first outbreak of EHEC infection occurred in 1982 was due to ingestion of hamburger at restaurant. A rare Escherichia coli serotype, 0157:H7 was isolated at that time and the following outbreaks were mostly due to this serotype. However, O26, O111 and O104 were also responsible for EHEC outbreaks. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli is an important food and water-borne pathogen. Verotoxins (VTs) produced by this pathogen causes painful hemorrhagic colitis along with major complications of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The morbidity and significantly high mortality and enormous economic loss are problematic to the health care administrators and EHEC infection is a serious public health issue. Another factor which makes it high transmissibility is the low infectious dose. The German O104:H4 epidemic was caused by the pathogen carrying a combination of virulence genes derived from two well-known pathogens, EHEC and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). There is a possibility that two mobile DNA elements can occur again in this versatile pathogen. In this article, some aspects of EHEC infections which were established but not well known to the medical personals were explained to get understanding of why this infection should not be overlooked and should be under surveillance.
Effect of Ethanolic extract of Aloe vera gel on certain common clinical pathogens
Authors: Begum Halima , Shimmi Sadia Choudhury , Rowshan Mahfuza Mazeda , Khanom Sayeda
Published: May 2023

Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Aloe vera were observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae . Aloe vera leaf gel was used for ethanolic extraction.Zones of inhibition in millimeter was used to measure the antimicrobial effect. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that ethanolic extract has growth inhibitory effects against the tested pathogens. Ethanolic extract of Aloe vera has growth inhibitory effects against tested pathogen seen by antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Case Report: A Rare Presentation of Carcinoma Endometrium
Authors: Yi Myat San , Lwin Soe , Soe Thidar , Yee Khin Than
Published: May 2023

Normally endometrial carcinoma presents with post-menopausal bleeding in the majority of cases. It rarely presents with haematometra. If it does, it rarely reaches the term pregnant uterus size. This case report is a rare presentation of endometrial carcinoma which was at first diagnosed as a huge ovarian mass later found out to be haematometra intraoperatively. There was a discordant finding between the endometrial invasions with distant metastasis (Local invasion of stage 1A with lung metastasis which should be stage 4B). It is an uncommon combined occurrence but at least we learnt there can be possible different presentation for endometrial cancer. It further proved that almost all of haematometra can turn out to be associated with endometrial carcinoma.
Comparison of performance between the Traditional Oral Examination (TOE) and OSCE among Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Abu Talha Khandaker , Ahmed Arefuddin , Mustafa Shyamoli , Selina Farhana , Shimmi C Sadia Choudhury , Hossain Parash M. Tanveer
Published: May 2023

An Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a tool of assessing the clinical school often used in the education system of the healthcare system. Traditional Oral Examination (TOE) is also a clinical examination where students are being tested by an examiner panel (1 or 2 members) on their clinical activities and knowledge. It is designed to objectively test competence in skills such as history taking, clinical examination, communication and clinical procedures. The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) also use OSCE for assessing clinical students. The aim of this study was to compare the performance between the traditional oral examination (TOE) and OSCE among undergraduate medical students. Study populations were the 3rd year MBBS students of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). Number of students was 87. All students underwent traditional oral examination after finishing a 2 months module. The same students participated in the OSCE on the same day evening. Scores of each student were collected. Mean of the scores were calculated. P value was measured by Studentâ€™s t test to evaluate the significant difference between both the variables (traditional examination mean and OSCE mean) at 5% confidence interval (CI). P-value was 0.00015 in 5% confidence level in two tailed hypotheses. As the value was less than 0.05 so null hypothesis was rejected and alternate hypothesis was accepted. There was significant differenceBorneo Journal of Medical Sciences (2017) 11 (1): 3 - 104between the means of both the examinations. So it could be concluded that studentsâ€™ performance was significantly better in the OSCE over the traditional oral examination.
Case report: A Rare Yet Life Threatening Mimicker of Chronic Conjunctivitis
Authors: Supahiah Prakash , Ng Han Sim Benjamin , Goh Siew Yuen
Published: May 2023

Wegenerâ€™s granulomatosis (WG) is a necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. A 40-year-old lady of Malay descent presented with unresolving bilateral painful red eyes for three weeks. Clinical examination revealed that best corrected vision acuity of 6/9 for both eyes. Slit lamp examination revealed diffuse scleritis. Other Investigations result like UFEME blood cell: 2+, C-reactive protein 70.06 mg/L and ESR of 125mm/h suggestive on acute inflammations. Connective tissue screening revealed cytoplasmic ANCA was positive and was supported by Anti â€“Serine Protease3 (PR3) 68. All the investigations results revealed that she had Wegenerâ€™s granulomatosis with ophthalmology manifestation in the form scleritis. Patient was treated with guttae Maxidex QID to reduce cells that present in anterior chamber and oral ibuprofen 400mg thrice daily. Subsequently, commence oral prednisolone, oral cyclophosphamide with oral Bactrim. Patient responded well and redness resolved. There are many differential diagnosis for chronic conjunctivitis but to rule out connective tissue disease should be one of the primary differential diagnosis in young female. Oral immunosuppressive and Trimethoprim /Sufmethoxazole (Bactrim) has been found beneficial and symptoms were resolved . Wegener's granulomatosis is a great mimicker as exemplified in this case. This disease can be misdiagnosed and maltreated as conjunctivitis.Thus we wished to emphasize that WG is one the differential that need to be consider in a person with bilateral scleritis.Â
Trigeminal Schwannoma in a Patient with Left-sided Facial Numbness
Authors: Ng Han Sim Benjamin , Chun Liang Lim , Siew Kian Chow
Published: May 2023

We reported a case of an elderly lady who presented with ipsilateral facial numbness and instability for year duration. She was finally diagnosed as having trigeminal schwannoma after seeking multiple medical consultations with her doctors. This case report highlighted a rare cause of cerebellopontine angle tumour that should not be missed given the availability of effective treatment.
Molecular Epidemiology: Application and Challenges for the 21st Century
Authors: Chin Abraham
Published: May 2023

Background: Since the 1970s, peopleâ€™s understanding of life has gradually deepened into the basic material nucleic acid and protein levels of life. The life sciences have entered the era of â€œmoleculesâ€ and produced a large number of new and interdisciplinary subjects. An important direction has had a major and profound impact on the development of epidemiology itself and on disease control.

Keywords: molecular, epidemiology, communicable diseases, cancer
Domestic Violence Against Women in Malaysia: What Do We Do?
Authors: Ong Tieng Tieng Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

Background: Since 1996, World Health Organisation (WHO) and member countries, through the World Health Assembly Resolution 49.25 acknowledged violence (including violence against women) (VAW) as a serious public health issue. The United Nations, at its Sixty-second General Assembly on 7 February 2008 not only reiterated the health impact of VAW but also the rights dimension of VAW and sees it â€œâ€¦as an offence against the dignity and integrity of the victimâ€¦ and that all forms of violence against women seriously violate and impair or nullify the enjoyment of women of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and constitute a major impediment to the ability of women to make use of their capabilitiesâ€.
Melioidosis: Cases Notified to Kota Kinabalu District Health Office Year 2017
Authors: Ghazali Rosfina
Published: May 2023

Background: Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease cause by gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is predominantly in tropical climate especially Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. This disease is associated with significant mortality due to early onset of sepsis.

Keywords: melioidosis, epidemiology, high mortality
Climate Change: The Causes, Health Effects and Strategies
Authors: Kaur Narinderjeet
Published: May 2023

Background: Some call it climate change and some global warming, regardless of the term used, it has been deemed the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. It is the 13th goal of United Nations Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDG). Multiple factors contribute to this global phenomenon including the anthropogenic causes which are man-made. The repercussions of this crisis are vast and bring effect environmentally and socioeconomically. These then ultimately lead towards an effect on individual as well as population health.

Keywords: climate change, global warming, health impact, strategies
Visual Acuity after Posterior Capsular Rupture during Cataract Surgery
Authors: Amin Nurulhuda Md , Mohd Norizan Nurul Hafizah , Abdul Jalil Nor Fadzillah , Raja Omar Raja Norliza , Mustapha Mushawiahti
Published: May 2023

Posterior capsular rupture (PCR) is a common and serious complication of cataract surgery. It complicates the process of inserting posterior chamber intraocular lens and affects the visual outcome. This study is a review on visual acuity of patients that had PCR during cataract surgery in Hospital Melaka, risk factors of PCR, and factors that cause poor visual outcome. The record of all patients that had PCR during cataract surgery from 1 January 2014 till 31 March 2017 was traced using National Eye Database (NED) and the patientsâ€™ folders were reviewed retrospectively. Data collected was demographic data, type of cataract surgery, status of surgeon, underlying ocular diseases, risks factors for PCR, postoperative visual acuity, and factors that cause poor visual outcome. There were 238 eyes that had PCR during cataract surgery, from 126 (53%) female and 112 (47%) male patients. The mean age was 66.62 years old, ranging from 9 to 87 years old. Major risk factors identified were hard cataract, polar cataract, uncooperative patients, extended continuous capsulorhexis, subluxated lens, myopia, vitrectomised eyes, and poor pupil dilatation. From 153 cases that had no pre-existing ocular diseases, 119 (78%) cases had normal vision (best corrected visual acuity â€“ BCVA) two months after surgery, 10 (7%) cases had moderate visual impairment, and four (2%) cases had severe visual impairment. Causes of BCVA poorer than 6/18 were high astigmatism, CMO, and prolonged inflammation. Cataract surgery, even complicated by PCR, is compatible with good visual outcome if the complications are managed promptly.
Decolonising Neurosurgery
Authors: Cheserem Beverly
Published: May 2023

In the last 2 years, the world has faced a common and immediate enemy, COVID-19. In many respects, political, economic, scientific, and diplomatic collaborations that were demonstrated to combat the virus were what many of us would hope to see daily in the delivery of affordable, safe, and accessible neurosurgery. Unfortunately, so too were geopolitical dynamics that hampered the efficient distribution of medical supplies; low-and-middle-income countries found themselves locked out of the race to rump up the medical supply chains and vaccines needed. This same narrative is seen in all aspects of global surgery, from research to human resource development and infrastructure. A root cause is the historical power imbalance in health systems at a global level, and thus there has been an increased call to decolonize global health. Lokumagage described decolonization as a ground-up movement where active listening is vital for hearing the views of those experiencing the legacies of healthcare inequity, the roots of which lie in prejudices, views, beliefs, and philosophies that were established during colonial rule.
The Role of WFNS in Global Neurosurgery
Authors: Servadei Franco , Cannizzaro Delia , Safa Adrian
Published: May 2023

The best definition that I have found about Global Neurosurgery is: “The clinical and public health practice of neurosurgery with the primary purpose of ensuring timely, safe, and affordable neurosurgical care to all who need it” 1.

A recent review publications found more than 270 papers related to Global neurosurgery up to 2019, with almost all of them published after 2015 2. Among the 50 most cited papers in Global neurosurgery 38 are published after 2018 3.

If we look at conference and Meetings, as compared to zero in 2015, in the following years a mean of 5 International Meetings contained specific sessions on global Neurosurgery 4.

The issue of equity in neurosurgery became important and the WFNS led this process with the vast majority of papers being published by WFNS officers.
Global Nursing Care for Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Grøver Aukrust Camilla , Cheng Yee Yit
Published: May 2023

To address the staggering inequalities in access to neurosurgical care worldwide is the foundation of the global neurosurgery movement. The Global Neurosurgery Committee (GNC), which is part of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), represents the highest organizational level of the global neurosurgery movement. The endeavors of the inaugural GNC 1.0 culminated with the accomplishment of the Global Action Plan which objectives are to amplify, align, advance, assimilate and advocate for core neurosurgical activities such as the implementation and strengthening of neurosurgical capacity building into existing health systems1.

To operationalize and decentralize the Global Action Plan, the recently commissioned GNC 2.0 is divided into designated teams; importantly neurosurgical nursing is included for the first time in the history of the WFNS/GNC. We (Yee Yit Cheng, Malaysia and Camilla G. Aukrust, Norway) have been invited to lead the nursing team in the time 2021-2023. The overall main goal is to build relationships and to reinforce the neurosurgical nursing workforce, specifically focusing on low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). To reach the goal we have assembled a diverse and global team of professionals, and created a mini-strategic plan with specific and time bound objectives within the following areas; policy/advocacy, clinical training/education and research. The consolidated efforts of the team members will be instrumental to reach the targets of the strategic plan. In the following four paragraphs, we will briefly outline the main objectives of the GNC nursing teams’ strategic plan.
Global Neurosurgery Committee 1.0: A Model for Virtual Collaboration in Global Surgery
Authors: Shlobin Nathan A , Sadler Samantha , Ooi Setthasorn ZY , Veerappan Vigneshwar Raj , Dada Olaoluwa Ezekiel , Zolo Yvan , Boyke Andre , Ham Edward
Published: May 2023

The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), the governing body for national and regional neurosurgical societies worldwide, established the ad hoc Global Neurosurgery Committee (GNC) in 2019. This international board of neurosurgeons collaborated virtually in pursuit of defined goals and targets related to neurosurgical equity. We summarize the work of the WFNS GNC, highlight the role of virtual collaboration in global surgery, and delineate best practices for virtual collaboration in global surgery.
Plan For The Next Two Years
Authors: Khan Tariq
Published: May 2023

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Global Neurosurgery Advocacy
Authors: Hamzah Radzi , Sadler Samantha , Ham Edward , Abdi Hodan , Negida Ahmed , Ammar Adam , Park Kee B.
Published: May 2023

The white paper published by the Lancet Commission put forward surgery as a global health priority. In that paper, their findings showed that 5 billion people in the world do not have access to 'safe, affordable surgical and anesthesia services when needed,' and this inequity is more evident in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
 
These deficits are even more profound in surgical subspecialties such as neurosurgery. The paper "Global Neurosurgery: The Unmet Needs," published in 2016, addresses the system-level thinking and programs required to address the needs of neurosurgical care in lower resource settings.
 
Neurosurgeons need to have influence, presence, and leadership role in advocating for the surgical system strengthening worldwide as it is estimated that there are 5 million emergency and essential neurosurgery neurosurgical services currently unmet, especially in LMICs.
 
Thus, in 2019, the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) established the Global Neurosurgery Committee (GNC), an ad hoc committee dedicated to organizing and furthering global neurosurgical efforts. The Committee is co-chaired by Kee B. Park, MD, MPH from the United States, and Abdessamad El Ouahabi, MD from Morocco. The body of the GNC was the Committee of 22 neurosurgeons from 19 countries; the Secretariat Team primarily managed internal GNC operations with support from the later-added Junior Committee, both of which were international medical students and trainees. One of the objectives of this Committee is to promote advocacy efforts for neurosurgical care within universal healthcare coverage.
 
This paper explores the fifth "ADVOCATE" objective, including its significance, the GNC's efforts, and progress toward executing its defining targets.
FREQUENCY OF CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES
Authors: Muhammad Shahid Akram  , Hussain Faryad , Mariyum Mateen  , Agha Shabbir Ali
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective

To find frequency of congenital hypothyroidism in preterm and low birth weight neonates admitted at neonatal unit.

Study design: Cross sectional study

Place & Duration of study: The study was done at neonatal ICU department of Paediatrics ,Lahore General Hospital from Jan 6, 2018 till July 6, 2018

Patients & Methods :225 neonates were taken from the neonatal unit of department of Paediatrics Lahore General Hospital. After taking informed consent form parents of neonates their demographic data including name, age, sex, weight, gestational age, and contact details were recorded. After aseptic measures, 2-3 ml venous blood was taken and sent to Hospital Laboratory for TSH level, where it was analyzed by immunoradiometric assay. Congenital hypothyroidism was diagnosed as per operational definition. All data was recorded by researcher himself on prescribed proforma

 

 

 

Results 

The mean age of cases was 17.76 ± 6.40 days with minimum and maximum age as 8 and 28 days. There were 116(51.6%) male and 109(48.4%) female cases. The mean gestational age was 33.10 ± 1.98 weeks with minimum and maximum gestational age as 30 and 36 weeks. The mean birth weight was 1846.27 ± 330.58 g with minimum and maximum birth weight as 1211 and 2397 g. Congenital hypothyroidism was seen in 27(12%) of the cases while 198(88%) of the neonates were euthyroid.

Conclusion  

Through the findings of this study the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism was seen in 27(12%), that seems to be high. So, screening programs of congenital hypothyroidism should be established for better management of the disorder and preventing its related neurodevelopmental consequences.

Keywords: Low birth weight, preterm, Neonatal screening, Congenital hypothyroidism, thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)
CELIAC DISEASE IN SUBJECTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS EFFECT ON GLYCEMIC CONTRO
Authors: Madiha Noor  , Hina Batool Siddiqui  , Khan Dost Afridi  , Rabia Asghar  , Shah Muhammad Tahir , Samreen Khalid
Published: May 2023

Objective: To observe celiac disease incidence in patients with diabetes mellitus 1 and its effect on glycemic control.

Methods: Type 1 diabetic patients presenting in the Sughra Diabetic clinic in Benazir Bhutto Hospital from 22 August 2011 till 22 February 2012 were included in this study. Medical history, including age of the patient at diagnosis of diabetes, duration of disease and daily insulin requirements was taken. Subjects with positive tTGAb levels had biopsy of 2nd part of duodenum to confirm CD according to Marsh criteria on histopathological examination.

Results: The study included 125 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The mean age was 30.08±8.9 years. 42 (33.6%) were males and 83 (66.4%) females. 5 (4%) of type 1 diabetics had celiac disease. All 5 had both a positive anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (>24 U/ml) and all 5 also had histopathological changes confirming celiac disease. 4 had Marsh stage 3 (2 had stage 3b and 2 had stage 3c) and 1 had Marsh stage 4 changes on histopathology. All 5 CD-positive patients (100%) had poorly controlled diabetes whereas among CD-negative patients only 26 (21.6%) had well controlled diabetes; this difference was  p = 0.242.

However, mean HbA1c level CD-positive patients was significantly higher than HbA1c of CD-negative patients; p = 0.015. The mean daily insulin requirement of CD-positive patients was significantly lower than CD-negative patients; p = 0.000.

Conclusions: The incidence of celiac disease in type 1 diabetics increases as compared to general population. Because most diabetics are asymptomatic, it is better to screen all. Moreover, CD is associated with lesser daily insulin requirement and poorer diabetes control.
IMPACT OF PUBLIC AWARENESS ON PREVENTION OF OCULAR INJURIES DURING FESTIVALS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL REVIEW
Authors: Jamshed Saima , Hameed Zeeshan , Malik Irfan Qayyum , Hanif Aisha , Jabran Aamna , Waqas Hafiz Abdul Rehman
Published: May 2023

Abstract:

Purpose: To see the impact of public awareness programs on prevention of ocular injuries during festivals

Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study

Place and Duration: Ophthalmology department, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2019 (2 years)

Materials and Methods: After IRB approval and informed consent, data of patients suffering from ocular injuries only due to pellets or firecrackers at different festivals in 2018 was obtained. Proper history and examination was done and data was saved. General public education through posters and pamphlets was done regarding prevention of such injuries and data of next year (2019) was obtained, analyzed and compared with that of 2018 through SPSS v.25.

Results: Out of a total of 76 patients, 55 (72.3%) presented in 2018 and 21 (27.7%) in 2019. Majority of patients, 48 (87.2%) in 2018 and 17 (80.9%) in 2019 belonged to age groups under 20 years. Pellets caused more injuries, 34 (61.8%) and 12 (57.1%) in 2018 and 2019 respectively than firecrackers, 21 (38.2%) and 9 (42.9%) respectively. In 2018, hyphema was most frequent clinical finding in 14 (25.5%) followed by corneal abrasions in 11 (20.0%) while the order was reversed in 7 (33.3%) and 6 (28.6%) patients respectively in 2019. In 2018, only 10 (18.2%) patients had best corrected visual acuity of counting fingers or worse at presentation while this number was 3 (14.3%) in 2019.

Conclusion: Festival injuries contribute to a significant number of preventable eye injuries. With proper educational programs and subsequent preventive measures, incidence of festival injuries can be significantly reduced.

Key Words: Festival Injuries, Awareness Programs, Ocular Trauma
The OCULAR SURFACE FOREIGN BODIES: THEIR INCIDENCE, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERNS
Authors: Anam Amna , Ijaz Rasham , Hameed Zeeshan , Qayyum Malik Irfan
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To study the incidence and demographic patterns of ocular surface foreign bodies (OSFB) and their correlation with location in eye and preventive measures taken to avoid them.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study

Place and Duration: Eye Department, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020 (12 months)

Methods: After obtaining informed consent and IRB approval, demographic data of patients presenting with OSFB was collected. Type, location and laterality of OSFB were also noted, Foreign bodies were removed with 27-gauge hypodermic needle. Patients were inquired about use of protective equipment. Data was saved on excel sheets and analyzed on SPSS v. 25.0. 

Results: 329 patients were  included in study out of which 294 (89.3%) were  males and 35 (10.7%) females. OSFB were present in right eyes in 149 (45.3%), left in 170 (51.6%) and bilateral in 10 (3.1%) patients. Corneal foreign bodies were present in 220 (66.9%) patients, upper tarsal foreign bodies in 64 (19.4%) followed by scleral, lower forniceal, medial canthal and lower lid foreign bodies collectively present in 24 (7.4%) patients. Metallic OSFB were found in 252 (76.6%), dust particles in 36 (10.9%) and “miscellaneous” (stones, paint particles, glass pieces and lashes) in 16 (4.9%) individuals. Only 48 (14.5%) people used protective measures at their workplace.

 

Conclusion: Ocular surface foreign bodies are more common in males and most commonly involve superficial cornea. Most of the times, they are metallic particles in origin and people scarcely use any protective equipment. With proper awareness, their incidence can be reduced significantly.
OUTCOMES OF OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION OF FRACTURE OF NECK OF TALUS
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Zafar Iqbal , Muhammad Khalid  , Tanveer Haider  , Asim Islam
Published: May 2023

Background: Talus is the second largest tarsal bone with unique importance regarding its location and anatomy . It is an osseous link between foot and the leg and has got a pivotal role in overall foot function . It has got three important articulations at tibiotalar , talocalcaneal and talonavicular joint . It is divided into body , neck and posterior facets. Almost 70% surface of talus is covered with articular cartilage . Its blood supply is predominantly extraosseous and is at risk during fractures .

Objectives : The aim of our study is to observe the long term outcomes after surgical treatment of fracture neck of talus .

Study design  : Prospective cross sectional study .

Study setting :  Department of Orthopedic Surgery Services hospital , Lahore

Study duration :  From Dec 2017 – Feb 2020

Methodology: After approval from hospital ethical review board , total number of 30 patients with fracture neck of talus , both males ( 20 patients ) and females ( 10 patients ) were included in the study . Each patient underwent X-rays of ankle joint AP , LAT and ankle mortis views .. All these fractures were fixed with 4 mm cannulated screw by using combined anterolateral and anteromedial approach.

Results:   Post-traumatic arthritis was observed in 15 patients (50.0%) out of the 30 patients with 10 (75.0 %) patients at subtalar joint and 5 (25.0 %) patients at ankle joint. Among these 30 patients , 8 (26.7%)  patients were having Hawkins type 2 , 14 (46.6%)   with Hawkins type 3 and remaining 8 (26.7%) patients with were having Hawkins type 4 fractures. Osteonecrosis was mostly observed in Hawkins type 3 fractures 6 (42.8%)   in Hawkins type 3, 2 (25.0%)    patients in Hawkins type 2 fractures and 1 (12.5%)  patient in Hawkins type 4 fractures. 1 (3.3 %) patient developed non-union and 1 (3.3 %) patient developed delayed union. 4(13.3 %) patients developed the superficial infection which was treated with IV antibiotics and wound irrigation .

Conclusion: We concluded from our study that familiarity with the complex vascular , bony , surgical anatomy and techniques for rigid fixation of fractures is of utmost importance for fracture neck of talus . Rate of osteonecrosis , arthritis , mal-union and non-union are still high even in the presence of rigid internal fixation of these fractures
An Apology With a Tiny Monetary Compensation Is No More Effective Than a Verbal Apology Alone
Authors: Imada Hirotaka , Yamamoto Akitomo , Tsudaka Gen
Published: May 2023

How can organizations effectively deliver apologies?  Prior research has indicated that apologies accompanied by significant costs are generally perceived as more sincere than those without any associated costs. However, these studies have not explored the impact of minimal financial compensation when the transgressor can only afford a nominal amount. This issue is particularly relevant to organizational apologies, where it may be challenging for a company to provide a substantial amount of compensation to every affected customer or stakeholder. In this study, we thus examined the effectiveness of a verbal apology combined with a nominal financial compensation in organizational settings. Drawing upon previously documented social and evolutionary psychological findings, our preregistered study tested the hypothesis that individuals perceive verbal apologies with ‘trivial’ compensation as less sincere than verbal apologies without any compensation (i.e., the trivialization effect). Contrary to our expectations, we did not observe the trivialization effect; verbal apologies with a trivial amount of financial compensation were as effective as verbal apologies alone. These findings suggest that a verbal apology accompanied by a minimal financial compensation does not necessarily enhance or detract from the perceived sincerity or effectiveness of the apology.
ATUAÇÃO DO FARMACÊUTICO NO ENFRENTAMENTO DA COVID-19
Authors: Flauzino Thaisa da Silva , Andrade Leonardo Guimarães de
Published: May 2023

No dia 11 de março de 2020 a organização mundial da saúde decreta a covid-19 como uma pandemia, uma doença causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. O seu primeiro caso registrado foi em dezembro de 2019 na cidade de Wuhan, na China. Porém, não muito tempo, a doença se disseminou rapidamente, não só atingindo as cidades da China, mas a todos os países. Por ser um caso novo, não havia nenhum método de prevenção eficaz para a covid-19, como as vacinas, o que infelizmente resultaram em grandes escalas de óbito, principalmente para aqueles que já tinham comorbidade.  A pandemia foi um episódio que causou um impacto negativo na população, levando a população entrar em colapso, tomando medidas prejudiciais, como, por exemplo, o aumento de automedicação de antidepressivos e principalmente dos off-label, com o objetivo de se prevenir contra o vírus e proteger a sua vida. A atuação do farmacêutico em meio a pandemia foi crucial na atenção farmacêutica, no tratamento dos pacientes hospitalizados em conjunto com as outras equipes de saúde e principalmente no combate da automedicação selecionados para a farmacoterapia da covid-19.
ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA EM PACIENTES COM HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL
Authors: Silva Karine Gaede Dantas da , Baiense Alex Sandro Rodrigues
Published: May 2023

A hipertensão arterial é uma condição clínica multifatorial caracterizada por níveis elevados e sustentados da pressão arterial. Pacientes hipertensos geralmente aderem ao tratamento medicamentoso de forma incorreta, podendo ocasionar uma diminuição da eficácia dos medicamentos, quer seja por uma dose inadequada ou armazenamento em locais inapropriados, levando a perda da atividade do fármaco, ou até mesmo uma interação com medicamentos, ou alimentos. Neste contexto, a Atenção Farmacêutica (AF) torna-se imprescindível para diminuir possíveis problemas relacionados aos medicamentos.
AUTOMEDICAÇÃO DE ANOREXÍGENOS E SEUS EFEITOS COLATERAIS
Authors: Silva Thays Alves da , Baiense Alex Sandro Rodrigues
Published: May 2023

A obesidade é uma patologia que atualmente apresenta um dos maiores problemas nutricionais podendo acarretar no desenvolvimento de diversas injurias à saúde. O tratamento desta consiste na mudança de hábitos diários e alimentares ou, em alguns casos, no uso de medicamentos anorexígenos. Esses medicamentos, além do tratamento da obesidade, também estão relacionados a fatores como a insatisfação corporal e dos padrões impostos pela sociedade. O presente artigo tem, como finalidade, apresentar os perigos e efeitos colaterais no uso contínuo de inibidores de apetite, conhecidos como anorexígenos e atuam diretamente no sistema nervoso central, proporcionando a impressão de saciedade e consequentemente diminuindo o apetite, porém, apresentam riscos e efeitos colaterais que são negligenciados pelos indivíduos, pois seu objetivo está direcionado apenas à perda de peso, não se atentando para as consequências a sua saúde física, mental e psicológica ao utilizar, de maneira irracional, estes fármacos.
تأثير فصول السنة على محتوى بعض الفيتامينات في الطحالب البحرية بشاطئ مدينة الزاوية بليبيا
Authors: الزقطاط أحميدة , الشتيوي عمر , قريميدة فوزية
Published: May 2023

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على كمية بعض الفيتامينات الذائبة في الماء وهي فيتامين ب6، فيتامين ب12 وفيتامين ج لعدد ستة أنواع من الطحالب البحرية وهي Enteromorpha compressa من الطحالب الخضراء وPdina pavonica, Cystosiera spinosa, Sargassum vulgare, Dictyota dichotoma من الطحالب البنية وJania rubens من الطحالب الحمراء بمنطقة الزاوية بليبيا. جمعت أنواع الطحالب المختلفة من أربع مواقع بمنطقة الزاوية وهي ديلة، جود دائم,، الحرشة, المطرد خلال فصول السنة من (1/9/2013 إلى 1/9/2014). تبين من خلال النتائج المتحصل عليها بأن أعلى كمية لفيتامين ب6 هي 1.02مغ/100 مليغرام )مغ( في طحلب Dictyota dichotoma بموقع ديلة بفصل الخريف وأعلى قيمة لفيتامين ب12 وهي 6.72 مغ/100مغ في الطحلب الأحمر Jania rubens بموقع ديلة في فصل الصيف وأعلى قيمة لفيتامين ج 0.129 مغ/100مغ لطحلب Dictyota dichotoma بموقع ديلة في فصل الصيف. كما يتضح من خلال نتائج التحليل الإحصائي لهذه الدراسة بأنه هناك ارتباط عالي المعنوية عند مستوى 1% (P≤ 0.01) ما بين الموقع وفيتامين ب12 (0.20)، وكذلك فيتامين ب12 وأنواع الطحالب (0.30) وفيتامين ج وأنواع الطحالب (0.42)، مما يدل على إن الظروف المناخية الفصلية والبيئية لها تأثير على كمية الفيتامينات في أنواع الطحالب المختلفة.
Re-Injection of Formation Water and Sea Water to Increase Oil Recovery from Sandstone Rocks: A Laboratory Experiment Under Room Conditions
Authors: Naser Madi , عمر إبراهيم اعزوزة2  , خيرى احمد مسعود
Published: May 2023

Laboratory tests and field applications show that low-salinity water flooding could lead to significant reduction of residual oil saturation. There has been a growing interest with increasing number of low-salinity water flooding studies.  However, there are few quantitative studies on the effect of using sea-water injections on oil recovery. As oil production continues, a drop-in reservoir pressure will occur due to the loss of reservoir fluids, and this drop-in pressure will lead to a decrease in oil production. The reservoir pressure is maintained by the water injection process. Where sea-water is injected into the aquifer area below the oil area to support the tank pressure. This study presents a laboratory investigation of the effect of salinity injection water on oil recovery, permeability, and relative permeability in the water flooding process. This study was conducted using several samples of sandstone saturated with oil by placing them in the reservoir conditions by placing them in a vacuum oven to ensure complete saturation of the samples with oil and then extracting the oil from them using liquid permeability where the samples are injected.  With the formation water until reaching the recovery plateau and obtaining an average reading, the flow, permeability and pressure difference are measured, as well as the relative permeability and recovery factor, then the samples are injected again with sea water and the new results are recorded through seawater injection. The results of this study showed an increase in oil recovery with decrease in residual oil saturation and increase in the recovery factor.
دراسة تأثير نوع المكثف على محطة فرينل الخطية الشمسية لتوليد الطاقة في مدينة سبها
Authors: الشريف محمد الأمين , إبراهيم محمد اسليم
Published: May 2023

تركز هذه الدراسة على اجراء مقارنة بين نوعين أساسيين من أنواع المكثفات المستخدمة في محطات انتاج الطاقة الكهربائية، حيث تم دراسة تأثير نوع المكثف على محطة طاقة حرارية شمسية بقدرة 100 MW، بالاعتماد على مرايا فرينل كمجمع حراري وHitec كمائع نقل الحرارة مستخدم في الحقل الشمسي، تم تصميم ومحاكاة أداء المحطة في برنامج SAM ودراسة أداء الدورة وكذألك تكلفة الطاقة عند كل نوع، حيث بينت النتائج تقارب كبير في كفاءة المحطة وكذلك التكلفة المعيارية للطاقة. وقد خلصت الدراسة الي إمكانية استبدال المكثفات المبردة بالماء بمكثفات المبردة بالهواء بزيادة 6.2% من التكلفة المعيارية للطاقة، وهذه النسبة غير كبيرة بالمقارنة بكمية الكبير من المياه التي تحتاجها المكثفات المبردة بالماء.
Study of the effect of storage periods and temperatures on the quality of apple fruits, cultivar Golden Delicious
Authors: Benrema Entesar. M. A.
Published: May 2023

This study aims to know the extent to which the fruits of the “Golden Delicious” apple variety grown in Al-Wardiya farms can retain their quality during cold storage, by studying the change in some natural characteristics of the fruits that were stored in special refrigerators during the 2019 and 2020 planting seasons, and the treatments were storage for (0, 60, 120) days at a temperature of (0, 3 oC) and the results obtained showed that the longer the storage period, the lower the quality of the fruits The degree of coloration of the fruits, their starch content and their hardness decreased, and their weight loss increased with the progression of the storage period, Also, the fruits retained their quality when stored at zero degrees Celsius better than those stored at 3 degrees Celsius.
A Determining and comparing lead and cadmium concentration in Sediments of the Coast of Benghazi – Libya
Authors: Hamed Heiam
Published: May 2023

This study was designed to measure the content of lead and cadmium in coastal sediments in the coastal city of Benghazi as an indicator of the pollution of these areas with these metals. The study included measuring the average concentration of lead and cadmium metals in the study areas, which included each Sidi Khalifa, Galiana, and Garyounis, at different distances. The obtained results showed that the average concentration of lead and cadmium is 1.263 ppm and 0.304 ppm, respectively, in all study areas. The results of the statistical analysis (SPSS-26) show that there are significant differences at a probability level of less than 0.05, indicating that the studied sediments contain lead and cadmium in all study areas, and the lowest concentration of lead and cadmium was present in the sediment samples collected at a distance of 2 m. From the coast of the city of Benghazi.
استباحة خصوصية بيانات المستخدم على الانترنت ومدى وعي المستخدمين بها في ليبيا
Authors: الدوكالي بلعيد , البوراصي إبراهيم
Published: May 2023

تتعرض هذه الدراسة لخصوصية بيانات المستخدم على الانترنت والتي باتت من المشاكل الكبرى في عالم الرقميات، حيث يتم تداول وتبادل بيانات المستخدمين على الانترنت بعلمهم وبدون علمهم من قبل شركات كبرى تهتم بهذه البيانات لاستخدمها في عمليات الدعاية والتسويق والدراسات الإحصائية، وتتبع سلوك المستخدمين. هذا ما أدى إلى زيادة الاهتمام بالنقاش حول التأثير المجتمعي للتكنولوجيا، والمخاطر التي تهدد خصوصية مستخدم الانترنت. انتظمت هذه الدراسة في مسارين، الأول هو تتبع ثلاثة مواقع شهيرة على الانترنت لمراقبة وتحديد ما تقوم به هذه المواقع من تتبع للمستخدمين وتبادل لبياناتهم وما يمثله هذا من انتهاك لخصوصية رواد تلك المواقع. أما المسار الثاني فهو - استبيانة تستهدف المستخدمين بشكل عام في ليبيا لمعرفة مدى وعيهم بتلك المخاطر. ثم خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى أن المواقع الثلاثة تقوم بتتبع بيانات المستخدمين وتبادلها مع مواقع أخرى، وأن عدداً كبيراً من أفراد عينة الدراسة لا يهتمون أو ليس لديهم وعي بالمخاطر التي تحيط بهم.
The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Oil Industry: A Case Study of Libya Using the Synthetic Control Method
Authors: Ertimi Basem , Oqab Basem
Published: May 2023

This study assesses the impact of economic sanctions on oil exports and economic growth through case studies of Libya. By setting up a synthetic group method that reproduces the oil exports and economic growth of the case study before the imposition of economic sanctions, we compare the oil exports and the economic growth of the Synthetic and the actual for each period. We address a crucial gap in the literature of sanction in a petrostate case study using the synthetic control approach. Our analysis found that both petroleum exports and economic growth were lower with economic sanctions. This research is integrated into the comparative and international landscape of international influence relations with the domestic economy. Economic sanctions, the results show, are the key driver in fluctuations in oil exports and economic growth that might be represented in the oil curse. We believe that our empirical research can contribute to domestic and international policy formation by sanctioned countries. Overall, the findings confirm that sanctions may be imposed on Libya as another channel of the resource curse from the global and foreign policy perspectives.
The Contents of Some Essential Major and Trace Elements in Various Types of Processed Milk Products Collected from Benghazi Markets
Authors: Ahmida Nagwa H. S. , Abdeljalil Naema A. , Elshara Intisar A. , Benkhayal Abdulsalam A. , Ahmida Mohemed H. S.
Published: May 2023

Milk is an important food; it supplies our body with the essential mineral’s requirements. In this study, some major (Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus) and minor (copper, iron, zinc) essential minerals were determined in seventy-eight random processed milk samples. These samples were collected from different markets in Benghazi city, Libya during 2017. The order of major essential elements concentrations in all milk samples was calcium> phosphorous> magnesium. The mean concentrations of calcium were recorded at 4262 ±2771mg/kg, 5006 ±896mg/kg, 1276 ±319mg/kg and 1231 ±154mg/kg, while mean concentrations of magnesium were 560.1 ±82mg/kg, 419.4 ±153mg/kg, 249 ±7.1mg/kg, 127.7 ±21mg/kg, in powdered, infant formula, evaporated and sterilized milk samples, respectively. Phosphorus concentration varied between 3322-7692mg/kg, 2622-5490mg/kg, 1381-4720mg/kg and 1049-2326mg/kg in powdered, infant formula, evaporated and sterilized milk, respectively. The contents of trace essential minerals, included copper, iron and zinc, were detected in all collected samples. The highest copper content was recorded in powder milk, with a mean concentration 2.13 ±0.84mg/kg, followed by infant formula products, with mean concentration 1.15±0.95mg/kg. The mean concentrations of zinc and iron in milk powder products were detected at 33.48 ±17.4mg/kg and 27.60mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of minor element in evaporated and sterilized milk samples were in concentration lower than 1mg/kg, except zinc in evaporated milk, which varied between 2.80-5.77mg/kg. The contents of essential minerals were agreed with some values that recorded in published results, for same products of processed milk.
تأثير بقايا القهوة المستهلكة على نمو وإنتاجية نباتي الجرجير (Eruca sativa mill) والسلق (Beta vulgaarisl.var.cicla)
Authors: حنين مسعود أبوبكر  , إبراهيم محمد الشريف  , فاضل محمد بن يحمد
Published: May 2023

أجريت هذه الدراسة لتقييم تأثير التسميد ببقايا القهوة المستهلكة على خواص التربة ونمو وانتاجية نباتي الجرجير والسلق. تمت الزراعة في أصص وأضيفت كميات مختلفة من بقايا القهوة للتربة (0%، 2.25%، 4.5%، 6.5%)، وتم قياس الإيصالية والأس الهيدروجيني والكالسيوم والماغنسيوم والصوديوم والبوتاسيوم والسعة التبادلية في التربة، إلى جانب قياس ارتفاع النبات وعدد الأوراق ومحتوى الكلوروفيل للأوراق ومحتواها من الصوديوم والبوتاسيوم. نتائج الأس الهيدروجيني أظهرت تدرجًا في ارتفاع الأس الهيدروجيني مع زيادة تركيز القهوة في تربة النبات الجرجير، ولكن التأثير لم يكن منتظمًا في تربة السلق، إضافة إلى أن التحليل الإحصائي لم يظهر تأثيرًا معنويًا لا لعامل النبات ولا لعامل التركيز حيث تراوحت القيم بين 6.8 إلى 7.6. بالنسبة للإيصالية في التربة فإنه لم تظهر فروق معنوية بين متوسط التربتين لنبات السلق والجرجير. بالنسبة لتركيز الصوديوم في التربة بشكل عام، فقد كان أعلى في تربة الجرجير مقارنة بتربة السلق وهذا قد يرجع إلى أن تركيز الصوديوم في نبات السلق أكثر منه في نبات الجرجير وقد كان أعلى تركيز 2172.22 جزء في المليون. في تربة الجرجير. بشكل عام فقد ادت إضافة القهوة إلى زيادة محتوى التربة من البوتاسيوم مع وجود فروق معنوية بين الشاهد وباقي التراكيز، سواء بالنسبة للبوتاسيوم الكلي أو المتبادل أو الذائب. بالنسبة للنبات فقد كان محتوى السلق من الصوديوم والبوتاسيوم أعلى من الجرجير، أما الكلوروفيل فانه لم يظهر أي اختلاف معنوي مع التراكيز وتبين أن هناك علاقة عكسية لارتفاع النبات مع زيادة التراكيز وعدد الأوراق في نبات السلق، بينما لم يكن هناك تأثيرٌ معنويٌ بالنسبة للجرجير.