bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy vs targeted therapy plus chemotherapy in locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gao Wen , Feng Lifei , Zhao Xinming , Huang Zishi , Chen Duoxuan , Yin Gaofei , Guo Wei , Zhong Qi , Chen Xiaohong , Fang Jugao , Zhang Yang , Huang Zhigang
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the clinical efficacy, preservation of laryngeal function, and safety differences between PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy, and targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy in LA HPSCC patients.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of patients with LA HPSCC treated at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from October, 2020 to March, 2024. A total of 110 eligible patients were included, 56 in the PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy group (Group A), and 54 in the targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy group (Group B). Relevant clinical data were collected, and the clinical efficacy, preservation of laryngeal function, complete response (CR) rate, pathological complete response (pCR) rate, major pathological response (MPR), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of the two groups were analyzed and compared.

Results

In both groups A and B, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were similar with no significant differences, but the pCR rate in Group A was much higher than that in Group B, at 37.5% and 7.4%, respectively (p<0.001). The rate of primary tumor downstaging in group A was much higher than that in group B (76.8% vs. 38.9%) as well (p<0.0001). In addition, the 1y-OS rate in group A was 95.7%, compared to 87.0% in group B (p=0.106, HR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.114-1.013), and the 1y-PFS rate was 89.4% in group A compared to 85.2% in group B (p=0.399, HR=0.675; 95% CI: 0.275-1.659). Furthermore, the larynx function preservation rate was significantly higher in group A at 85.7%, compared to that of group B at only 66.7% (p=0.019). There were no deaths due to TRAEs in either group, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of grade 3-4 TRAEs between the two groups either (p=0.77). The main TRAEs in Group A were metabolism and nutrition disorders (52/56, 92.9%) and, in Group B were blood and lymphatic system disorders (40/54, 74.1%).

Conclusions

PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy showed better short-term efficacy compared to targeted therapy. Additionally, a trend toward improved long-term survival was observed with PD-1 inhibitors but not with targeted therapy. Results for both groups indicate that neoadjuvant therapy is both safe and manageable.
Role and therapeutic potential of E3s in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Hailin , Li Qiang , Tang Qinqin , Shi Gang , Wu Guo , Mao Xingbo , Wu Changkang , Zhang Lixin , Liu Jie , Li Jingdong , Li Bo
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a high-incidence, poor-prognosis malignancy worldwide, requiring new strategies for treatment. Ubiquitination, especially ubiquitination through E3 ubiquitin ligases, plays an indispensable role in the development and progression of HCC. E3 ubiquitin ligases are crucial enzymes in ubiquitination, controlling the degradation of specific substrate proteins and influencing various cellular functions, such as tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and immune evasion. In this review, we systematically summarize the mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases in HCC, with a focus on the significance of RING, HECT, and RBR types in HCC progression. The review also looks at the potential for targeting E3 ligases to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and increase immunotherapy efficacy. Future studies will optimize HCC treatment by formulating specific inhibitors or approaches that will be based on gene therapy targeting E3 ligases in order to overcome resistance issues with present treatments and create optimism in the journey of treatment for HCC patients.
PANoptosis in autoimmune diseases interplay between apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis
Authors: Liu Kangnan , Wang Mi , Li Dongdong , Duc Duong Nguyen Truong , Liu Yawei , Ma Junfu , Xin Kai , Zhou Zipeng
Published: October 2024

PANoptosis is a newly identified inflammatory programmed cell death (PCD) that involves the interplay of apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis. However, its overall biological effects cannot be attributed to any one type of PCD alone. PANoptosis is regulated by a signaling cascade triggered by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by various sensors. This triggers the assembly of the PANoptosome, which integrates key components from other PCD pathways via adapters and ultimately activates downstream execution molecules, resulting in cell death with necrotic, apoptotic, and pyroptotic features. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by reduced immune tolerance to self-antigens, leading to abnormal immune responses, often accompanied by systemic chronic inflammation. Consequently, PANoptosis, as a unique innate immune-inflammatory PCD pathway, has significant pathophysiological relevance to inflammation and autoimmunity. However, most previous research on PANoptosis has focused on tumors and infectious diseases, leaving its activation and role in autoimmune diseases unclear. This review briefly outlines the characteristics of PANoptosis and summarizes several newly identified PANoptosome complexes, their activation mechanisms, and key components. We also explored the dual role of PANoptosis in diseases and potential therapeutic approaches targeting PANoptosis. Additionally, we review the existing evidence for PANoptosis in several autoimmune diseases and explore the potential regulatory mechanisms involved.
Evaluation of an anthropometric head surrogate exposed to chisel-nosed fragment simulating projectile impact
Authors: Pandey Punit Kumar , Ganpule S. G.
Published: October 2024

Fragment-induced penetrating injuries pose a significant threat in modern combat. Explosions from explosive devices generate metallic fragments that can lethally penetrate various body regions, with the head being particularly most vulnerable to fatality in terms of penetration. Hence, understanding the head’s response to fragment impact is crucial. To this end, this study investigated the ballistic response of an anatomically accurate anthropometric head surrogate to fragment impact. The head surrogate comprised simulants for the three major layers of the head (skin, skull, and brain). Using a pneumatic gas gun, we impacted chisel-nosed fragment simulating projectiles (FSPs) of 1.10-g and 2.79-g on the head surrogate. We analyzed the ballistic response of the head surrogate in terms of ballistic limit velocities (V50), energy densities (E50/A), and failure mechanisms in each layer. The results indicated sensitivity to the FSP size. The 1.10-g FSP had a ∼41% higher V50 and a ∼63% higher E50/A compared to the 2.79-g FSP. Additionally, each head surrogate layer exhibited distinct failure mechanisms. The skin simulant failed due to a combination of shearing and elastic hole enlargement, forming a cavity smaller than the size of the FSP. The skull simulant fractured, creating a cavity at the entry point matching the FSP size. The brain simulant failure involved shearing of the cavity and penetration of fractured skull fragments. We also observed no significant difference in response when introducing a flexible neck attachment on which the head surrogate was mounted. Furthermore, comparisons of an anthropometric (close-shape) head surrogate with a simplified open-shaped head surrogate revealed the minimal influence of the head curvature on the response due to the localized nature of fragment penetration. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the head surrogate’s mechanical response to fragment impact. The insights from this work hold significant value in the assessment of penetrating head injury, especially against small fragments. The results can be applied in modern warhead design and forensic investigations.
Effects of robot-assisted hand function therapy on brain functional mechanisms: a synchronized study using fNIRS and sEMG
Authors: Cheng Changfeng , Liu Tiantian , Zhang Beibei , Wu Xubo , Song Zhenwang , Zhao Zhongzhi , Ren Xue , Zhao Minjun , Su Yajuan , Wang Jiening
Published: October 2024

Background

Robot-assisted hand function therapy is pivotal in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke; however, its therapeutic mechanism remains elusive. Currently, research examining the impact of robot-assisted hand function therapy on brain function in patients with stroke is scarce, and there is a lack of studies investigating the correlation between muscle activity and alterations in brain function.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between forearm muscle movement and brain functional activation by employing the synchronized use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and surface electromyography methods. Moreover, it sought to compare neural activity patterns during different rehabilitation tasks and refine the mechanism of robot-assisted hand function therapy for post-stroke hand function impairments.

Methods

Stroke patients with hand dysfunction underwent three sessions of robot-assisted hand function therapy within 2 weeks to 3 months of onset. The fNIRS-sEMG synchronous technique was used to observe brain function and forearm muscle activation. Ten participants were randomly assigned to receive mirror, resistance, or passive rehabilitation training. During the intervention, cortical and muscle activation information was obtained using fNIRS and electromyographic signals. The primary outcomes included changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration and root mean square of surface electromyography.

Results

Compared to the resting state, the Oxy-Hb concentration in the brain regions involved in three rehabilitation tasks with robot-assisted hand function therapy significantly increased (p < 0.05). Mirror therapy significantly enhanced the prefrontal cortex and the superior frontal cortex activation levels. In contrast, resistance therapy significantly promoted the activation of the supplementary motor area and the premotor cortex. Passive rehabilitation tasks showed some activation in the target brain area premotor cortex region. Robot-assisted hand function therapy has shown that forearm muscle movement is closely related to oxygenated hemoglobin concentration activity in specific brain regions during different rehabilitation tasks.

Conclusion

The simultaneous sEMG-fNIRS study found a significant correlation between muscle movement and brain activity after stroke, which provides an important basis for understanding the treatment mechanism of hand function impairment.
Research progress on environmental stability of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses
Authors: Zhang Ling , Fang Zhongbiao , Li Jiaxuan , Huang Zhiwei , Tie Xiaotian , Li Hongyu , Li Jianhua , Zhang Yanjun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Keda
Published: October 2024

We reviewed research on SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus detection on surfaces, their persistence under various conditions, and response to disinfectants. Viral contamination in community and healthcare settings was analyzed, emphasizing survival on surfaces influenced by temperature, pH, and material. Findings showed higher concentrations enhance survivability at room temperature, whereas stability increases at 4°C. Both viruses decline in low pH and high heat, with influenza affected by salinity. On various material surfaces, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses demonstrate considerable variations in survival durations, and SARS-CoV-2 is more stable than influenza virus. On the skin, both virus types can persist for ≥2 h. Next, we delineated the virucidal efficacy of disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. In daily life, exposure to ethanol (70%), isopropanol (70%), bleach (10%), or hydrogen peroxide (1–3%) for 15–30 min can effectively inactive various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Povidone-iodine (1 mg/mL, 1 min) or cetylpyridinium chloride (0.1 mg/mL, 2 min) may be used to inactive different SARS-CoV-2 variants in the mouth. Chlorine disinfectants (500 mg/L) or ultraviolet light (222 nm) can effectively inhibit different SARS-CoV-2 variants in public spaces. In conclusion, our study provides a scientific basis and practical guidance for reduction of viral persistence (retention of infectivity) on surfaces and environmental cleanliness.
Cytotoxic effects of ivermectin on Giardia lamblia: induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest
Authors: Barzola Florencia Nicole , Laiolo Jerónimo , Cotelo Camilo , Joray Mariana Belén , Volpini Ximena , Rivero María Romina , Rópolo Andrea Silvana , Touz María Carolina , Feliziani Constanza
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan parasite causing giardiasis, a common intestinal infection characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea. Treatments employed to combat this parasitic infection have remained unchanged for the past 40 years, leading to the emergence of resistant strains and prompting the search for new therapeutic agents.

Methods

This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of ivermectin (IVM) on G. lamblia trophozoites. We conducted dose-response experiments to assess IVM-induced cytotoxicity. We utilized various biochemical and ultrastructural analyses to explore the underlying mechanisms of cell death, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis markers.

Results

Our findings demonstrate that IVM induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity and triggers cell death pathways. We found that IVM treatment generates elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA fragmentation, and arrests of trophozoites in the cell cycle’s S phase. Additionally, ultrastructural analysis reveals morphological alterations consistent with apoptosis, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, chromatin condensation, and tubulin distribution.

Discussion

The insights gained from this study may contribute to developing new therapeutic strategies against giardiasis, addressing the challenge posed by drug-resistant strains.
LS-VIT: Vision Transformer for action recognition based on long and short-term temporal difference
Authors: Chen Dong , Wu Peisong , Chen Mingdong , Wu Mengtao , Zhang Tao , Li Chuanqi
Published: October 2024

Over the past few years, a growing number of researchers have dedicated their efforts to focusing on temporal modeling. The advent of transformer-based methods has notably advanced the field of 2D image-based vision tasks. However, with respect to 3D video tasks such as action recognition, applying temporal transformations directly to video data significantly increases both computational and memory demands. This surge in resource consumption is due to the multiplication of data patches and the added complexity of self-aware computations. Accordingly, building efficient and precise 3D self-attentive models for video content represents as a major challenge for transformers. In our research, we introduce an Long and Short-term Temporal Difference Vision Transformer (LS-VIT). This method incorporates short-term motion details into images by weighting the difference across several consecutive frames, thereby equipping the original image with the ability to model short-term motions. Concurrently, we integrate a module designed to understand long-term motion details. This module enhances the model's capacity for long-term motion modeling by directly integrating temporal differences from various segments via motion excitation. Our thorough analysis confirms that the LS-VIT achieves high recognition accuracy across multiple benchmarks (e.g., UCF101, HMDB51, Kinetics-400). These research results indicate that LS-VIT has the potential for further optimization, which can improve real-time performance and action prediction capabilities.
Investigation of stent retriever removal forces in an experimental model of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Poulos Demitria A. , Froehler Michael T. , Good Bryan C.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Mechanical thrombectomy becomes more complex when the occlusion occurs in a tortuous cerebral anatomy, increasing the puncture to reperfusion time and the number of attempts for clot removal. Therefore, an understanding of stent retriever performance in these locations is necessary to increase the efficiency and safety of the procedure. An in vitro investigation into the effects of occlusion site tortuosity, blood clot hematocrit, and device geometry was conducted to identify their individual influence on stent retriever removal forces.

Methods

Embolus analogs were used to create occlusions in a mock circulatory flow loop, and in vitro mechanical thrombectomies were performed in arterial models of increasing tortuosity. The stent retriever removal forces of Solitaire Platinum and EmboTrap II devices were recorded through each geometry with and without embolus analogs present. Similar experiments were also conducted with Solitaire stent retrievers of varying lengths and diameters and 0, 25, and 50% hematocrit embolus analogs.

Results

The removal force increased as model tortuosity increased for both the Solitaire Platinum and EmboTrap II stent retriever devices. The average removal forces in the simplest geometry with the Solitaire Platinum and EmboTrap II were 0.24 ± 0.01 N and 0.37 ± 0.02 N, respectively, and increased to 1.2 ± 0.08 N and 1.6 ± 0.17 N, respectively, in the most complex geometry. Slight increases in removal force were found with 0% hematocrit embolus analogs, however, no statistical significance between removal force and EA hematocrit was observed. A comparison between stent retriever removal forces between devices of different diameters also proved to be significant (p < 0.01), while forces between devices of varying lengths were not (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Benchtop mechanical thrombectomies performed with commercial stent retrievers of varying geometry showed that device removal forces increase with increasing model tortuosity, clot hematocrit does not play a significant role in device removal force, and that a stent retriever’s diameter has a greater impact on removal forces compared to its length. These results provide an improved understanding of the overall forces involved in mechanical thrombectomy and can be used to develop safer and more effective stent retrievers for the most difficult cases.
Spatially resolved transcriptomic signatures of hippocampal subregions and Arc-expressing ensembles in active place avoidance memory
Authors: Vingan Isaac , Phatarpekar Shwetha , Tung Victoria Sook Keng , Hernández Alejandro Iván , Evgrafov Oleg V. , Alarcon Juan Marcos
Published: October 2024

The rodent hippocampus is a spatially organized neuronal network that supports the formation of spatial and episodic memories. We conducted bulk RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics experiments to measure gene expression changes in the dorsal hippocampus following the recall of active place avoidance (APA) memory. Through bulk RNA sequencing, we examined the gene expression changes following memory recall across the functionally distinct subregions of the dorsal hippocampus. We found that recall induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subregions were enriched with genes involved in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, while DEGs in the dentate gyrus (DG) were enriched with genes involved in energy balance and ribosomal function. Through spatial transcriptomics, we examined gene expression changes following memory recall across an array of spots encompassing putative memory-associated neuronal ensembles marked by the expression of the IEGs Arc, Egr1, and c-Jun. Within samples from both trained and untrained mice, the subpopulations of spatial transcriptomic spots marked by these IEGs were transcriptomically and spatially distinct from one another. DEGs detected between Arc + and Arc− spots exclusively in the trained mouse were enriched in several memory-related gene ontology terms, including “regulation of synaptic plasticity” and “memory.” Our results suggest that APA memory recall is supported by regionalized transcriptomic profiles separating the CA1 and CA3 from the DG, transcriptionally and spatially distinct IEG expressing spatial transcriptomic spots, and biological processes related to synaptic plasticity as a defining the difference between Arc + and Arc− spatial transcriptomic spots.
Radiomics nomogram combined with clinical factors for predicting pathological complete response in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lu Zihao , Li Yongsen , Hu Wenxuan , Cao Yonghao , Lv Xin , Jia Xinyu , Shen Shiyu , Zhao Jun , Xu Chun
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESSC) prior to surgery can minimize unnecessary surgical interventions and facilitate personalized treatment strategies. Our goal is to develop and validate an image-based radiomic model using preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans and clinical data to predict pathological complete response (pCR) in resectable ESSC following neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from patients diagnosed with ESCC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2018 and May 2023, who received preoperative neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. Eligible patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets. Radiomic features extracted from preprocessed CT images were used to develop a radiomic model, incorporating Radiomic score (Rad-score) and clinical factors through multivariate logistic regression analysis. The model’s performance was assessed for calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility in an independent validation cohort.

Results

We enrolled a total of 105 eligible participants who were randomly divided into two groups: a training set (N=74) and a validation set (N=31). After data dimension reduction and feature selection, we identified 11 radiomic features, which collectively formed the Rad-score. Rad-score had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% CI 0.72-0.93) in the training set and 0.78 (95% CI 0.60-0.95) in the validation set. Multivariate analysis revealed that radiological response and Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) were independent predictors of pCR, with p-values of 0.0026 and 0.0414, respectively. We developed and validated a nomogram combining Rad-score and clinical features, achieving AUCs of 0.90 (95% CI 0.82-0.98) in the training set and 0.85 (95% CI 0.70-0.99) in the validation set. The Delong test confirmed the nomogram’s superiority over pure radiomic and clinical models. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) assessment supported the clinical value and superiority of the combined model.

Conclusion

The nomogram, which integrates Rad-score and clinical features, offers a precise and reliable method for predicting pCR status in ESCC patients who have undergone neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. This tool aids in tailoring treatment strategies to individual patients.
Immunophenotyping myelodysplastic neoplasms: the role of flow cytometry in the molecular classification era
Authors: Verigou Evgenia , Chatzilygeroudi Theodora , Lazaris Vasileios , de Lastic Anne-Lise , Symeonidis Argiris
Published: October 2024

The unique heterogenous landscape of myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) has resulted in continuous redefinition of disease sub-entities, in view of the novel translational research data that have clarified several areas of the pathogenesis and the progression of the disease. The new international classifications (WHO 2022, ICC 2022) have incorporated genomic data defining phenotypical alterations, that guide clinical management of specific patient subgroups. On the other hand, for over a decade, multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) has proven its value as a complementary diagnostic tool for these diseases and although it has never been established as a mandatory test for the baseline evaluation of MDS patients in international guidelines, it is almost universally adopted in everyday clinical practice for the assessment of suspected cytopenias through simplified scoring systems or elaborate analytical strategies for the detection of immunophenotypical dysplastic features in every hematopoietic cell lineage in the bone marrow (BM). In this review, we explore the clinically meaningful interplay of MFC data and genetic profiles of MDS patients, to reveal the currently existing and the potential future role of each methodology for routine clinical practice, and the benefit of the patients. We reviewed the existing knowledge and recent advances in the field and discuss how an integrated approach could lead to patient re-stratification and guide personalized management.
Mechanisms of endocrine resistance in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Gao Yuan , Yu Yang , Zhang Mingqing , Yu Wenjun , Kang Lihua
Published: October 2024

Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer may recur or metastasize years or decades after its diagnosis. Furthermore, hormone receptor expression may persist in relapsed or metastatic cancer cells. Endocrine therapy is one of the most efficacious treatments for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of patients develop resistance to endocrine therapy. Previous studies have identified numerous mechanisms underlying drug resistance, such as epigenetic abnormalities in the estrogen receptor (ER) genome, activation of ER-independent ligands, and alterations in signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch, NF-κB, FGFR, and IRE1-XBP1. This article reviews the mechanisms of endocrine resistance in hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer, drawing from previous studies, and discusses the latest research advancements and prospects.
TIPIC syndrome in a patient following sorafenib treatment for acute myeloid leukemia: a rare case report
Authors: Chen Chang , Zhong Jinman , Hu Wanzhen , Tan Jiewen , Xiong Dan
Published: October 2024

Transient Perivascular Inflammation of the\ Carotid Artery (TIPIC) syndrome is uncommon, and cases of TIPIC induced by the targeted drug, sorafenib, are extremely rare. This case report describes a patient with acute myeloid leukemia carrying an FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 mutation, who developed TIPIC syndrome, which may have been induced by sorafenib treatment. A 65-year-old woman diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia experienced severe neck pain and sclerotic blisters on her palms and soles during sorafenib treatment. Carotid ultrasound revealed thickening of the right common carotid artery (RCCA) wall, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed perivascular tissue edema in the distal RCCA. Following clinical and imaging assessments, the patient was diagnosed with TIPIC syndrome. Treatment involved a one-week course of oral steroid therapy with dexamethasone and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which led to complete clinical recovery. TIPIC syndrome involves transient nonspecific perivascular inflammation of the carotid adventitia; however, the precise underlying cause remains unclear. In this study, we report a rare case and explore the potential pathophysiological mechanisms through a review of the existing literature.
Aging, not Parkinson’s disease, decreases a recalibration of body ownership caused by vision-respiratory interaction
Authors: Shoji Daiki , Honma Motoyasu , Masaoka Yuri , Nakayama Momoka , Kosuge Miku , Kosuge Shota , Uchida Yuki , Sakakura Shunsuke , Matsui Misako , Ito Naohito , Nohara Tetsuhito , Watanabe Daishi , Kanemoto Mizuki , Kasai Hideyo , Kuroda Takeshi , Yano Satoshi , Murakami Hidetomo , Izumizaki Masahiko
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Recalibration of body ownership perception occurs through an integration among multiple modalities. A recent study has shown that respiratory rhythm also causes the recalibration of ownership perception. However, the risk factors influencing the recalibration of ownership perception caused by vision-respiratory interaction remain unclear. In this study, focusing on aging and Parkinson’s disease (PD), we examined the effects of those risk factors on the recalibration.

Methods

By applying the rubber hand illusion (RHI), which temporarily alters ownership perception, and using a device that synchronizes the respiratory rhythm with the movement of a mannequin hand, we measured a change in ownership perception in RHI training by vision-respiratory interaction. The changed ownership was compared among the elderly healthy, PD, and young healthy groups.

Results

The results showed no difference in the changed ownership between the elderly healthy and PD groups, while the two groups decreased the change in the ownership perception compared to the young healthy group.

Discussion

The finding suggests that aging, not PD, related to the recalibration of ownership perception by vision-respiratory interaction. An anomaly in body perception due to aging may be associated with a mechanism in which respiratory rhythm affects the adaptation of body representations.
Comparative transcriptomic analyses of diploid and tetraploid citrus reveal how ploidy level influences salt stress tolerance
Authors: Bonnin Marie , Soriano Alexandre , Favreau Bénédicte , Lourkisti Radia , Miranda Maëva , Ollitrault Patrick , Oustric Julie , Berti Liliane , Santini Jérémie , Morillon Raphaël
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Citrus is an important fruit crop for human health. The sensitivity of citrus trees to a wide range of abiotic stresses is a major challenge for their overall growth and productivity. Among these abiotic stresses, salinity results in a significant loss of global citrus yield. In order to find straightforward and sustainable solutions for the future and to ensure citrus productivity, it is of paramount importance to decipher the mechanisms responsible for salinity stress tolerance. Thisstudy aimed to investigate how ploidy levels influence salt stress tolerance in citrus by comparing the transcriptomic responses of diploid and tetraploid genotypes. In a previous article we investigated the physiological and biochemical response of four genotypes with different ploidy levels: diploid trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.) (PO2x) and Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. Ex Tan.) (CL2x) and their respective tetraploids (PO4x, CL4x).

Methods

In this study, we useda multifactorial gene selection and gene clustering approach to finely dissect the influence of ploidy level on the salt stress response of each genotype. Following transcriptome sequencing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in response to salt stress in leaves and roots of the different citrus genotypes.

Result and discussion

Gene expression profiles and functional characterization of genes involved in the response to salt stress, as a function of ploidy level and the interaction between stress response and ploidy level, have enabled us to highlight the mechanisms involved in the varieties tested. Saltstress induced overexpression of carbohydrate biosynthesis and cell wall remodelling- related genes specifically in CL4x Ploidy level enhanced oxidative stress response in PO and ion management capacity in both genotypes. Results further highlighted that under stress conditions, only the CL4x genotype up- regulated genes involved in sugar biosynthesis, transport management, cell wall remodelling, hormone signalling, enzyme regulation and antioxidant metabolism. These findings provide crucial insights that could inform breeding strategies for developing salt-tolerant citrus varieties.
Exploring therapeutic responsiveness: a comparative textual analysis across different models
Authors: Davì Dario , Prestano Claudia , Vegni Nicoletta
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine therapeutic responsiveness across three different therapeutic models. The construct of responsiveness consists of two conceptual features: optimal responsiveness, which involves adapting therapist behavior to the unique therapeutic relationship, and appropriate responsiveness, a more refined concept. While aligned with interpersonal principles, the responsiveness construct challenges prevailing statistical methods by emphasizing the therapist’s adaptive responses. A comparative analysis of Gestalt, psychodynamic, and systemic therapies revealed unique patterns of responsiveness within each model, ranging from an emphasis on empathy and intuition to the significance of countertransference. Methodologically, a literature review and textual analysis using Atlas.ti allowed for nuanced exploration. The results also revealed a core commonality—"experience”—across these models, positioning responsiveness as an “extra-specific” factor amidst shared conceptual ground. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the nuances of responsiveness, which is central to advancing psychotherapeutic practice in an evolving landscape. An in-depth examination of the construct of responsiveness helps identify therapist characteristics that can be enhanced, enriched, and supported during training and supervision.
Effects of active breaks on educational achievement in children with and without ADHD: study protocol and rationale of the Break4Brain project
Authors: Arenas Diego , Bodi-Torralba Miranda , Oliver Andrea , Cantallops Jaume , Ponseti Francisco J. , Palou-Sampol Pere , Collado Juan A. , Flórez Isabel , Galvez-Pol Alejandro , Terrasa Juan L. , Sitges Carolina , Sánchez-Azanza Víctor , López-Penadés Raúl , Adrover-Roig Daniel , Muntaner-Mas Adrià
Published: October 2024

The Break4Brain project aims to elucidate the effects of both acute and chronic physical activity (PA) on educational achievement in children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study will be conducted in two phases: a cross-over design followed by a hybrid type 1 implementation-effectiveness trial, which includes both a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a qualitative study. In phase I, 60 children aged 10–12, with 30 each from ADHD and non-ADHD groups, will participate in a laboratory-based study over 4 days within 1 month. They will participate in three counterbalanced experimental conditions: (i) PA with cognitive engagement, (ii) PA without cognitive engagement, and (iii) a cognitively engaging control. This phase will assess acute changes in brain function, academic performance, working memory, inhibitory control, and sustained attention. Phase II will involve 600 children aged 10–12, randomly assigned to either a video-based PA program or a control group (300 children per group) in an 8-week cluster RCT. This phase will also incorporate a qualitative approach to explore the implementation context through pre- and post-intervention semi-structured interviews with teachers and school staff, and questionnaires for students. The outcomes of interest in this phase will include working memory, cognitive flexibility, selective attention, and academic performance. For the cross-over study, we hypothesize that PA conditions will enhance the studied outcomes compared to the control condition. In the RCT, we anticipate that the 8-week active breaks program will result in significant improvements in the selected outcomes compared to the control group. This study is expected to make pioneering contributions by including novel variables and focusing on the ADHD population. Furthermore, if the cluster RCT proves effective, it could offer a practical and cost-effective resource for integrating active breaks into daily school routines.
Close female friendships and knowledge of recommended abortion methods in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo among a representative sample of reproductive-aged women
Authors: Anjur-Dietrich Selena P. , Rhoades Alice , Akilimali Pierre Z. , OlaOlorun Funmilola M. , Omoluabi Elizabeth , Bell Suzanne O.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

There is a high incidence of unsafe abortion among women in Nigeria and the DRC. Low knowledge of recommended abortion methods [i.e., surgical and medication abortion (MA) pills] is a barrier for women accessing safe abortions. Women often rely on friends for information about abortion methods. Understanding characteristics of women with knowledge of recommended abortion methods, and MA specifically, and how it is influenced by close female friendships may help identify women most at risk of relying on unsafe abortion.

Methods

We used survey data from Performance Monitoring for Action from 11,106 women of reproductive age in Nigeria (April–May 2018) and 3,697 women in Kinshasa and Kongo Central, DRC, (December 2021–April 2022) to produce representative estimates of knowledge of abortion methods at the national and province levels, respectively. We performed bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine which characteristics were independently associated with knowing a recommended abortion method, with knowing of MA pills specifically, and to assess our hypothesis that having at least one female confidante would increase one's odds of knowing about these methods.

Results

A minority (26.9%) of women in Nigeria and the majority in Kinshasa (76.7%) and Kongo Central (58.1%) reported having knowledge of at least one recommended abortion method, while knowledge of MA pills was low in all sites. Having at least one close female confidante was associated with increased odds of knowing a recommend abortion method in Nigeria (aOR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.25–1.79) and in Kongo Central (aOR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.40–5.40), and with increased odds of knowing about MA specifically in Kinshasa (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.08–1.93) and Kongo Central (aOR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.28–10.22), but not Nigeria.

Discussion

In legally restrictive contexts where knowledge of recommended abortion methods (particularly medication abortion) is low, having close female friends is related to increased knowledge of recommended abortion methods.
Kinematic analysis of the back squat at different load intensities in powerlifters and weightlifters
Authors: Giustino Valerio , Vicari Domenico Savio Salvatore , Figlioli Flavia , Gervasi Marco , Fernández Peña Eneko , Schifaudo Naima , Tedesco Mattia , Drid Patrik , Paoli Antonio , Battaglia Giuseppe , Bianco Antonino , Patti Antonino
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the angular kinematics of the hip, knee, ankle, and the linear kinematics of the barbell during the back squat (BS) at different load intensities in powerlifters and weightlifters.

Methods

Seventeen athletes were recruited (n = 14 powerlifters; n = 3 weightlifters). The 1-RM of the BS of each participant was calculated and, 1-week after, each participant was asked to perform 5 trials of the BS at different load intensities (i.e., 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%) of the 1-RM. An action camera recorded the execution of each BS trial in the sagittal plane and, afterward, the videos were analyzed by measuring the range of motion (ROM) of hip, knee, and ankle for the angular kinematics, and the timing, distances, speeds, and accelerations of the barbell for the linear kinematics.

Results

Regarding the angular kinematics, no significant differences were found in the parameters in the starting and ending positions among the 5 trials, while a significant decrease was found in the hip relative angle (p = 0.026) in the maximum flexion position as load intensity increased. Regarding the linear kinematics, a significant difference was found in the descent acceleration (p = 0.049) in the descent phase, while a significant difference was found in the ascent speed (p < .001) and vertical speed of ascent (p < .001) in the ascent phase, which decreased as load intensity increased.

Discussion

Our findings show that the angular and linear kinematics of BS change as load intensity increases.
Intrauterine inoculation of pseudorabies virus impairs mouse embryo implantation via inducing inflammation and apoptosis in endometrium
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Wen Yuting , Meng Lizhou , Li Suyao , Min Wenpeng , Yuan Anwen , Chang Wen-Lin , Yang Qing
Published: October 2024

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the pathogenic agent of pseudorabies, causing serious reproductive failure in swine. However, it is still unknown whether PRV uterine inoculation impairs blastocyst implantation. In the present study, a PRV infection mouse model was developed. Pregnant mice were inoculated with either 104 or 105 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) units of PRV on gestation day 2 (GD2). Viral DNA was detected in tissues by PCR and/or in situ hybridization. Histopathological change and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in uterus were analyzed by H.E. staining and qPCR, respectively. Apoptosis was also investigated by TUNEL assay, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins including Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot. The results showed that intrauterine exposure of PRV on GD2 reduced the number of embryo implantation site. Abundant viral DNA was detected in spinal marrow and brain, and small amounts of PRV genomes were detected in embryo implantation site, ovary as well as thymus. Considerable inflammatory cells infiltrating in the endometrium, with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA after infection. In addition, PRV infection promoted apoptosis in stroma and endothelium of the mouse endometrium. Collectively, intrauterine inoculation of PRV during early pregnancy causes cytokine release syndrome and apoptosis in endometrium, which impairs mouse embryo implantation.
The prevalence of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis among breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node involvement and its impact on clinical decision-making: a single-centred retrospective study
Authors: Ding Jingxian , Jiang Xiaoliu , Huang Zhaohui , Ji Qiao , Long Jie , Cao Yali , Guo Yonghong
Published: October 2024

Background

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become standard procedure for early breast cancer patients with clinically node negative disease. The patients with SLN metastasis normally underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). However, the metastatic status of non-sentinel Lymph nodes (non-SLNs) varied significantly in different reports. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of non-SLNs metastasis among breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node metastasis and its impact on clinical decision-making.

Materials and Methods

We identified 892 female patients with operable cT1-3N0 invasive breast cancer who underwent ALND in our center due to SLN metastasis from 2017 to 2023, retrospectively. The prevalence of non-SLN metastasis among different clinicopathological traits and its correlation with the number of positive SLNs were analyzed. The optimal clinical decision-making was generalized.

Results

The median number of SLN+, SLN, non-SLN+ and non-SLN was 2, 4, 1 and 14 among the enrolled 892 female patients, respectively. 504 (56.50%) patients with SLN + had at least one metastatic lymph node in the harvested non-SLNs. Among the enrolled 892 female patients, 435 (48.77%) patients with 1 positive SLN, of which 180 (41.38%) had at least one additional metastatic non-SLNs. 242 (27.13%) patients with 2 positive SLNs, of which 146 (60.33%) had at least one metastatic non-SLNs. For the rest 215 (24.10%) patients with at least 3 metastatic SLNs, 178 (82.79%) had at least one metastatic non-SLNs. In the univariate analysis, the non-SLNs metastatic status was correlated with the number of SLNs+, tumor size, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and molecular subtypes, but not histopathologic type. In the multivariate analysis, the risk of additional non-SLNs metastasis correlated with the number of SLNs+, SLNs, non-SLNs and LVI.

Conclusion

Omiting ALND in patients with higher non-SLNs + rate outside the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACSOG) Z0011 and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 10,981–22023 AMAROS criteria should be considered with caution in clinical decision-making. To evaluate whether axillary radiotherapy and ALND provides equivalent regional control in breast cancer patients with obvious residual metastatic lymph nodes undesected in the axilla, a well-matched prospective randomized controlled trial is an urgent need.
Activation of the Innate Immune System in Brain-Dead Donors Can Be Reduced by Luminal Intestinal Preservation During Organ Procurement Surgery - A Porcine Model
Authors: Weiss Marc Gjern , de Jong Anne Marye , Seegert Helene , Moeslund Niels , Maassen Hanno , Schjalm Camilla , de Boer Eline , Leuvenink Henri , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Eijken Marco , Keller Anna Krarup , Dijkstra Gerard , Jespersen Bente , Pischke Søren Erik
Published: October 2024

Organs obtained from brain dead donors can have suboptimal outcomes. Activation of the innate immune system and translocation of intestinal bacteria could be causative. Thirty two pigs were assigned to control, brain death (BD), BD + luminal intestinal polyethylene glycol (PEG), and BD + luminal intestinal University of Wisconsin solution (UW) groups. Animals were observed for 360 min after BD before organ retrieval. 2,000 mL luminal intestinal preservation solution was instilled into the duodenum at the start of organ procurement. Repeated measurements of plasma C3a, Terminal Complement Complex (TCC), IL-8, TNF, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein were analysed by immunoassays. C3a was significantly higher in the BD groups compared to controls at 480 min after brain death. TCC was significantly higher in BD and BD + UW, but not BD + PEG, compared to controls at 480 min. TNF was significantly higher in the BD group compared to all other groups at 480 min. LPS binding protein increased following BD in all groups except BD + PEG, which at 480 min was significantly lower compared with all other groups. Brain death induced innate immune system activation was decreased by luminal preservation using PEG during organ procurement, possibly due to reduced bacterial translocation.
Twenty Years of Socio-Economic Research on Organic Agriculture Across the World: Looking at the Past to Be Ready for the Future
Authors: Cei Leonardo , Stefani Gianluca , Rossetto Luca
Published: October 2024

The world organic sector has evolved in a rapid way over the last few decades, driven by consumer interest, producer and retailer strategies, as well as by the evolving normative context. This growth has stimulated an increase in academic research, particularly in socio-economic research. The present work aims to understand the evolution of organic socio-economic research in terms of the research themes covered within this field, their relative importance, and how this importance has changed over time. The implementation of a structural topic model on scientific abstracts from the last 20 years allowed us to identify three broad areas of interest for organic socio-economic researchers: consumers, production, and society. The relevance of these strands varies in different areas of the world, mostly aligning with the prominent aspects of local organic sectors. This signals a good integration of organic socio-economic research within local contexts, with the possible development of place-based skills to be exploited within the global debate on organic agriculture. Overall, a reasonably strong imbalance emerges, with consumer-focused studies being more prominent than production-focused ones, especially those investigating producers’ economic results. The latter seems to call for renewed attention on and analysis of the organic sector, assisted by robust evidence on both ends of the organic supply chain.