bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid profile in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as influenced by diet
Authors: Trbovic D. , Vranic D. , Djinovic-Stojanovic J. , Matekalo-Sverak V. , Djordjevic V. , Spiric D. , Babic J. , Petronijevic R. , Spiric A.
Published: October 2012

With the aim of reinforcement S&T capacities in aquaculture, studies on the
influence of three commercial pelleted diets on fatty acid profile in rainbow
trout production were undertaken. Commercial diets for rainbow trout
contained significantly different quantities of saturated fatty acids (SFA),
(p<0.05), ranging from 21.02 to 38.50%. Significant differences between diets
(p<0.05) were established in the proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids
(MUFA), (29.56- 45.21%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (31.95 to
36.43%). The established quantities of EPA (C20:5 n-3) and DHA (C22:6 n-3) in
diets were 8.69, 9.11, 11.36% and 3.90, 5.30, 8.18%, respectively. The share
of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FA) ranged from 17.97 to 26.33% and from 10.10 to
13.98%, respectively. The n-3/n-6 ratio was in the range 1.29-2.61. The major
SFA (total SFA: 22.17- 35.63%) in fish samples was palmitic acid (C16:0),
(15.61-24.65%). Oleic acid (C18:1cis-9) was the most abundant from the MUFA
family (21.90-31.89%), (total MUFA: 35.00-43.50%). From PUFA family (total
PUFA: 29.38-34.33%), linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), (10.09-10.97%), EPA
(2.95-4.26%) and DHA (7.53-10.39%) were present in significant quantities in
trout. Quantities of n-3 FA ranged from 17.08 to 21.12% and significant
differences (p<0.05) were established between trout fed Diet I and Diet III.
The proportion of n-6 FA ranged from 12.29 to 13.21% and no significant
differences were established (p>0.05). The n-3/n-6 ratio ranged from 1.39 to
1.60 and differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The
obtained results indicate that fatty acid profile of fish reflects the fatty
acid composition of fish diets, with some variabilities which indicate that
the incorporation of fatty acids in fish tissue is under some metabolic
effects.
Quality and condition of wheat grain (Triticum spp.) during storage
Authors: Rakic S. , Jankovic S. , Demin M. , Bucalo D. , Maslovaric M.
Published: October 2012

The effect of storage on quality and condition of grain of three wheat
cultivars (Ljiljana, Dragana and Simonida) selected in Serbia, was studied.
Freshly harvested wheat was stored at 25?C for 12 and 20 months. Decreasing
of the volume from 812.3 to 727.7 kgm-3 and absolute mass from 38.5 to 33.0%
of wheat grain during storage was recorded. Grain germination in interaction
of storage duration and temperature remained at the level above 95%. The
interaction of studied factors exhibited no statistically significant effect
on the changes in the degree of germination of wheat grain. The changes of
the acid degree value (2.0- 2.4 ml 1(NaO)/100 g) were at the level of
statistical significance. pH value of fresh samples of grain was 6.5 and
after 20 months 5.5. The samples tested from the aspect of their glassiness
were homogenous, the value of the coefficient of variation for storage
duration was CV<10%, and for genotypes CV<18%. The storage duration of wheat
grain mostly contributed to the increase of the acid degree value, and
slightly less the genotype, as well as the interaction of these factors.
Influence of mineral fertilization on some biological and productive indicators of natural meadow of Agrostis capillaris-Festuca fallax type in the Rhodope Mountains (Southern Bulgaria)
Authors: Kozhouharov Ya. , Lingorski V.
Published: October 2012

The experiment with natural meadow of Agrostis capillaris - Festuca fallax
type in Rhodope Mountains (Smolyan region, Southern Bulgaria) shows that
according to fertilization variants there is a clear tendency towards earlier
start of active vegetation and its next phenophases. Most and almost equal
amounts of dry biomass (4.38 and 4.31 t.ha-1) were reported in fertilization
with N160P80K80 and N160P80, which exceeded the unfertilized control by
128.12 and 124.48%, respectively. Compared with unfertilized variant, the
crude protein content increased in all fertilizing variants, as in complete
mineral fertilization with N80-160 accumulates the crudest protein -
respectively 314 g.kg-1 and 318 g.kg-1. As regards to other studying chemical
indicators of the forage (crude fiber, crude fat, crude ash and nitrogen-free
extract substances) the mineral fertilization also had an expressed positive
effect.
Folded structures in modern architecture
Authors: Sekularac Nenad , Ivanovic-Sekularac Jelena , Cikic-Tovarovic Jasna
Published: October 2012

Folded structures are three-dimensional structures - spatial structures and
they belong to the structural systems. The term folded structure defines a
folded form of construction, including structures derived from elements which
form a folded structure by their mutual relationship in space. For very long
time this type of construction has been realized in practice only in of
reinforced concrete and made on site, which conditioned the use of a very
complicated shell. Development of prefabricated building led to improvements
of this type of construction so that the folded structures could be derived
by assembly of prefabricated elements and their relationship -
monolithization on site. Development of the research of folded structures,
starting from their earliest days to today, followed the innovations and
latest developments in terms of applied materials and methods of connection.
The tendency for the cost effective and quicker construction pushed the
folded structures made in reinforced concrete, and led to the construction
realized in wood, steel and other modern materials that eventually
experienced expansion.
Structural safety determination methods
Authors: Zdravkovic Slavko , Igic Tomislav , Stojic Radoslav
Published: October 2012

For the purpose of determination of technical safety, and additional safety
necessitated by public an social reasons, this paper considers methods of
relations, probability and combined relation and probability. Also considered
are functional failure and collapse failure, as well as the concept of
designed service life of the structure. The ultimate safety degree is
composed o the part for security regarding the technical and social
consequences of collapse. The safety determination method, in technical terms
too, strives to avoid the damage which would exceed the bearing capacity of
the structure. The relation methods apply the safety degree which was
obtained in cases when the similar structures of various dimensions were
built, so it is necessary to determine the required dimensions to avoid the
structural failure. The Probability method is widely applied using
statistical data in the load and strength analysis. The combination of
relation and probability methods provides the minimum safety degree as a
reliable factor.
Chemical and mechanical water erosion ratio in the Mlava River basin
Authors: Manojlovic Predrag , Mustafic Sanja , Mladenovic Ben
Published: October 2012

In the hydrological year of 2001/2002, the water samples in the Mlava Basin
were analyzed. On its most downstream hydrometric profile, to the Bratinac
profile, the water samples were taken every 5 days for TDS an d every day for
concentration suspend sediment. It was found that during the analyzed period,
the transport of chemically dissolved maters was 2 times higher than the silt
deposit transport.
Ionic strength effect on deprotonation of para-sulfonatocalix[4]arene
Authors: Faraji Mohammad , Farajtabar Ali , Gharib Farrokh
Published: October 2012

The deprotonation of para-sulfonatocalix[4]arene were studied by a
combination of spectrophotometric and potentiometric methods at 25?C. The
ionic strength of solutions was kept constant by sodium perchlorate as
background electrolyte at 0.10 to 4.0 mol dm-3. Potentiometer was calibrated
according to Gran method for each ionic strength. Spectral changes show
evidence for proton dissociation of only one hydroxyl group of calixarene in
the studied pH range of 2-10. The pKa values were calculated using STAR
program by multivariate curve resolution of absorbance data. Results indicate
that the acid-base behavior of para-sulfonatocalix[4]arene varies strongly
with increasing ionic strength of solution. The dependence of deprotonation
constants on ionic strength were explained by means of Specific ion
Interaction Theory (SIT). Activity coefficients of species were modeled by a
modified SIT approach. The specific ion interaction parameters were extracted
associated with thermodynamic deprotonation constant of
para-sulfonatocalix[4]arene.
New cholesteryl containing bent core liquid crystals
Authors: Huzum Cosmin-Constantin , Carlescu Irina , Lisa Gabriela , Scutaru Dan
Published: October 2012

The paper presents the synthesis and mesomorphic behavior of two new series
of bent core liquid crystalline compounds based on a 1,3-dihydroxybezene core
and containing a cholesteryl 6-oxyhexanoate wing. The two series were
obtained by the esterification of the cholesteryl
6-(3-hydroxyphenoxy)hexanoate core with some
4-((4-(n-alkyloxy)phenyl)azo)benzoic acids (n-alkyl = n-hexyl ? n-dodecyl) or
4-(4-(n-alkyloxy)benzoyloxy)benzoic acids (n-alkyl = n-hexyl ? n-decyl). The
esterification reactions were performed via the corresponding acyl chlorides
or with the DCC / DMAP system. All the synthesized compounds evidenced
enantiotropic liquid crystalline properties, with smectic type textures, when
investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and polarized
optical microscopy. Isotropisation and isotropic to liquid crystal
transitions were relatively low (between 89 ? 1460C). The compounds
containing the azo-aromatic linking group presented the largest range of
stability of the mesophases (between 42 and 870C). All the investigated
compounds were thermally stable in the existence range of the mesophases.
Steady Stokes flow past dumbbell shaped axially symmetric body of revolution: An analytic approach
Authors: Srivastava Kumar , Yadav Ram , Yadav Supriya
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the problem of steady Stokes flow past dumbbell-shaped axially
symmetric isolated body of revolution about its axis of symmetry is
considered by utilizing a method (Datta and Srivastava, 1999) based on body
geometry under the restrictions of continuously turning tangent on the
boundary. The relationship between drag and moment is established in
transverse flow situation. The closed form expression of Stokes drag is then
calculated for dumbbell-shaped body in terms of geometric parameters b, c, d
and a with the aid of this linear relation and the formula of torque obtained
by (Chwang and Wu, part 1, 1974) with the use of singularity distribution
along axis of symmetry. Drag coefficient and moment coefficient are defined
in various forms in terms of dumbbell parameters. Their numerical values are
calculated and depicted in respective graphs and compared with some known
values.
Evaluating the Effect of Abnormal Audit Fees on Future Restatements
Authors: Blankley Alan I. , Hurtt David N. , MacGregor Jason E.
Published: October 2012

This article summarizes our recently published article, “Abnormal Audit Fees and Restatements” (Blankley et al. 2012), which discusses the relationship between abnormal audit fees and future restatements. We find that there is a negative relationship between the two; specifically, unusually low audit fees are associated with an increased likelihood of a future restatement (i.e., one or two years in the future). This relationship has important implications for auditors in terms of audit planning, pricing, and client retention. After summarizing the published study, we discuss how examining abnormal audit fees may be useful for audit professionals and audit committees.
Evaluating Dentin Surface Treatments for Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials
Authors: Imbery TA , Namboodiri A , Duncan A , Amos R , Best AM , Moon PC
Published: October 2012

This in vitro study evaluated the effect of six surface treatments on the shear bond strength of three resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) to dentin. Occlusal surfaces of caries-free third molars were reduced to expose only dentin. Surface treatments were smear layer intact (negative control), Cavity Conditioner, EDTA, Ketac Primer, Self Conditioner, and etching with 35% phosphoric acid followed by the application of Optibond Solo Plus. Filtek Z250 composite resin bonded with Optibond Solo Plus served as a positive control. Conditioning agents were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. After surface treatments, Fuji II LC, Riva LC, Ketac Nano, and Filtek Z250 were placed in copper-band matrices 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height and were light-cured for 20 seconds. Specimens were stored in 100% humidity for 24 hours, after which they were placed in deionized water for 24 hours at 37°C. They were then tested under shear forces in an Instron Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. A two-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference statistical analyses (p<0.05) indicated significant interaction between RMGIs and conditioning agents. Acid etching followed by Optibond Solo Plus provided highest bond strengths for all three RMGIs, which were not statistically different from the positive control.
Sex Differences in the Association between Physical Exercise and IQ
Authors: Killgore William D. S. , Schwab Zachary J.
Published: October 2012

Previous research suggests that physical exercise may have beneficial effects on cognitive performance in children and the elderly, but little research has yet examined these associations in healthy adults. It was hypothesized that self-reported frequency and duration of physical exercise would correlate positively with measured intelligence on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence in healthy young to middle aged adults (25 men, 28 women). Although there was a modest positive association between physical exercise and intelligence (IQ) for the group as a whole, when examined separately by sex, greater physical activity was associated with higher intelligence scores for women, whereas exercise level was essentially unrelated to intelligence among men. These associations remained consistent even after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors. The association between exercise and IQ appears to be moderated by sex in healthy adults, possibly through its effects on glucoregulation, insulin sensitivity, or other factors that differ between men and women.
Comparison of Two Proposed Guidelines for Aerobic Training Sessions
Authors: Oliveira Bruno R. R. , Deslandes Andréa C. , Thompson Walter R. , Terra Bruno S. , Santos Tony M.
Published: October 2012

The purpose was to compare 24 participants' acute physiological and affective responses to two aerobic prescriptions in three sessions. Anthropometry, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and VO2max were recorded. In subsequent visits two aerobic prescriptions were randomly applied: one based on VO2max (PBVO2max) and another based on physical activity level (PBPA). Physiological and affective variables were measured in each session. The PBVO2max showed lower risk for dropout than the PBPA. An effect size analysis showed higher ratings on the Feeling Scale in the PBVO2max session at the end of exercise. After categorizing participants by fitness (High, Medium, and Low) according to VO-2max, significant differences were observed for the training impulse between Low and High fitness categories, indicating PBVO2Max were sensitive in distinguishing levels of fitness. The PBVO2max, compared to PBPA, seems to provide better physiological and affective responses. VO2max (even if estimated) is recommended as the basis for aerobic prescriptions.
Validity of the Concealed Information Test in Realistic Mock Crime Scenarios> Comment on Bradley, Malik, and Cullen
Authors: Gamer Matthias
Published: October 2012

Based on the low detection rates of participants who incidentally encoded crime-related details in a realistic mock crime scenario, Bradley, Malik and Cullen (2011) argued that laboratory studies overestimate the validity of the Concealed Information Test. Studies from our group using naturalistic mock crime scenarios, multiple physiological response measures and improved scoring and classification techniques suggest that such a general conclusion is not warranted.
Transfer Effects of Manipulating Temporal Constraints on Learning a Two-Choice Reaction Time Task with Low Stimulus-Response Compatibility
Authors: Chen David D. , Chan John S. Y. , Pei Laura , Yan Jin H.
Published: October 2012

Recent research using deliberate amplification of spatial errors to increase motor learning leads to the question of whether amplifying temporal errors may also facilitate learning. We investigated transfer effects caused by manipulating temporal constraints on learning a two-choice reaction time (CRT) task with varying degrees of stimulus-response compatibility. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups and completed 120 trials during acquisition. For every fourth trial, one group was instructed to decrease CRT by 50 msec. relative to the previous trial and a second group was instructed to increase CRT by 50 msec. The third group (the control) was told not to change their responses. After a 5-min. break, participants completed a 40-trial no-feedback transfer test. A 40-trial delayed transfer test was administered 24 hours later. During acquisition, the Decreased Reaction Time group responded faster than the two other groups, but this group also made more errors than the other two groups. In the 5-min. delayed test (immediate transfer), the Decreased Reaction Time group had faster reaction times than the other two groups, while for the 24-hr. delayed test (delayed transfer), both the Decreased Reaction Time group and Increased Reaction Time group had significantly faster reaction times than the control. For delayed transfer, both Decreased and Increased Reaction Time groups reacted significantly faster than the control group. Analyses of error scores in the transfer tests indicated revealed no significant group differences. Results were discussed with regard to the notion of practice variability and goal-setting benefits.
The Effects of Different Navigation Maps on Driving Performance
Authors: Hsu Shang-Hwa , Lin Chia-Hsyang , Chao Chin-Jung
Published: October 2012

This study evaluated the driving performance of drivers presented with 2D and 3D electronic navigation maps and a traditional paper map with various route structures. A heads-up display was used to show the different driving conditions for each navigation map system. Results revealed that the drivers using an electronic navigation map performed better compared to the drivers using a paper map. The results also indicated that drivers who used 2D-regular pattern or 2D-irregular corner maps performed more efficiently than the drivers who used a 3D-regular pattern or 3D-irregular corner maps in reaching their destinations. In addition, drivers can save time and fuel by using 2D navigation maps in unfamiliar regions.
Differences between Experienced and Novice Rugby Union Players during Small-Sided Games
Authors: Vaz Luís , Leite Nuno , João P. V. , Gonçalves Bruno , Sampaio Jaime
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare physical exertion and game performance indicators of experienced and novice Rugby Union players when playing small-sided games. Forty male players ( M age = 21.6 yr., SD = 3.6; M Height = 177.7 cm, SD = 7.4; M body mass 81.2 kg, SD = 10.2) participated in eight 6 vs 6 small-sided games over a 4-wk. period, with 12 min. continuous duration in a 60 × 40 m playing area. All players wore GPS units and heart rate belts. No statistically significant differences in the physical exertion measures between experienced and novice players were found. However, the manual notational analysis revealed substantial differences between players in all game performance indicators, with better performance by the experienced players (Passes made ES = 0.5; Tackles made ES = 1.0; Tries ES = 0.5). These results suggest the possibility that specific physical conditioning might be achieved without also achieving technical and tactical excellence.
Identification of a High-Risk Anterior Tibial Stress Fracture
Authors: Thelen Mark D.
Published: October 2012

The patient was a deployed 34-year-old female soldier with a chief complaint of bilateral anterior shin pain for the past 8 weeks. Due to concern for a stress fracture, radiographic views of the bilateral tibia and fibula were completed, which revealed cortical thickening through the anterior midtibial regions bilaterally, consistent with stress reactive changes. Furthermore, a transverse lucency through the anterior cortex of the anterior right midtibial region was noted, which was consistent with a stress fracture. The patient was immediately placed in a short leg cast and was given strict non—weight-bearing instructions for gait. She was subsequently evacuated to her home duty station for consultation with an orthopaedic surgeon to determine if surgical intervention was warranted. This report illustrates the importance of identifying stress fractures considered to be high risk. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(12):833. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.0420
A Sport Physiotherapist as Medical Director: Taking a Leadership Role
Authors: Lifshitz Liran
Published: October 2012

According to Wikipedia, a medical director is typically a physician who provides healthcare guidance, leadership, oversight, and quality assurance. The medical director is responsible for creating treatment protocols and providing oversight for all constituents who deliver healthcare services to a particular target population. There are, however, significant variations from country to country regarding the role and responsibilities of the medical director. The author discusses his experience as a sports physiotherapist in the medical director position for the Israel Football Association.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(9):748–749. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0110
IFOMPT 2012: A Rendez-Vous of Hands and Minds, September 30–October 5, 2012, Québec City, Canada
Authors: Werstine Rob , Chesworth Bert M.
Published: October 2012

Since its founding in Montreal, Canada in 1974, the International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) has been providing orthopaedic and manual therapists from around the world with the highest-quality learning opportunities through a conference held every 4 years. In 2012, IFOMPT is partnering with The International Private Practitioners Association (IPPA) to host this prestigious event in Quebec City, Canada. As more than 51% of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association membership is working in private practice, this adds even greater value to this quadrennial event. This conference emulates best-evidence practice in the marriage of research and clinical excellence by pulling together some of the best and brightest hands and minds in orthopaedic physiotherapy. Through a call for proposals that equally emphasized research, clinical excellence, and the knowledge translation link between the two, the IFOMPT mandate of clinical and academic excellence has been kept at the forefront of this year's conference. Included in this supplement are the IFOMPT 2012 keynote addresses, schedule, and abstracts.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(10):A1–A83. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0302
Disruption of a Patellar Tendon Repair
Authors: Harris Kevin D. , Deyle Gail D. , Bui-Mansfield Liem T.
Published: October 2012

The patient was a 38-year-old man evaluated by a physical therapist 14 weeks after repair of the left patellar tendon. The physical therapist requested radiographs, which revealed findings consistent with a patellar tendon retear. The radiologist recommended further evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging, which showed a left patellar tendon tear.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(8):738. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0414
T1 Radiculopathy
Authors: Willett Gilbert M. , Buresh Timothy L.
Published: October 2012

The patient was a 40-year-old man who had experienced a constant deep ache over his left T1–2 paravertebral muscle region. Following 2 weeks of physical therapist intervention with no improvement, the patient self-referred to a neurosurgeon. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical and upper thoracic spine regions was ordered and revealed a left paracentral disc protrusion at T1–2 that resulted in moderate left foraminal stenosis.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(8):739. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0415
Rate of Force Development as an Adjunctive Outcome Measure for Return-to-Sport Decisions After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Angelozzi Massimo , Madama Marco , Corsica Cristiana , Calvisi Vittorio , Properzi Gianfranco , McCaw Steven T. , Cacchio Angelo
Published: October 2012

Study Design

Descriptive, prospective, longitudinal single-cohort study.

Objective

To investigate the rate of force development to 30% (RFD30), 50% (RFD50), and 90% (RFD90) of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) as an adjunct outcome measure for determining readiness for return to sport following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Background

One criterion of full recovery following an ACL reconstruction is the ability to achieve 85% or 90% of the maximal strength of the contralateral limb. However, the time required to develop muscular strength in many types of daily and sports activities is considerably shorter than that required to achieve maximal strength. Therefore, in addition to maximal strength, neuromuscular functions such as RFD should also be considered in the definition of recovery.

Methods

Forty-five male professional soccer players who underwent an ACL reconstruction were recruited. Assessment with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Tegner score, and KT1000 instrumented arthrometer was performed postinjury/prereconstruction and at 6 and 12 months after ACL reconstruction. MVIC, RFD30, RFD50, and RFD90 testing was performed preinjury, as part of standard preseason assessment, and at 6 and 12 months post-ACL reconstruction.

Results

The average MVIC value 6 months postreconstruction was 97% of the preinjury average value. In contrast, at 6 months, the RFD30, RFD50, and RFD90 values were 80% (P = .04), 77% (P = .03), and 63% (P = .007), respectively, of the preinjury values. The mean RFD values for the reconstructed knee attained or exceeded 90% of the preinjury mean values only at the 12-month post-ACL reconstruction assessment (RFD30, P = .86; RFD50, P = .51; RFD90, P = .56).

Conclusion

Despite the near recovery of MVIC strength to preinjury levels, there were still significant deficits in RFD at 6 months post-ACL reconstruction. An RFD similar to the preinjury RFD was achieved at 12 months post-ACL reconstruction, following a rehabilitation program focusing on muscle power. These results suggest that, following an ACL reconstruction, RFD criteria may be a useful adjunct outcome measure for the decision to return athletes to sports. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(9):772–780, Epub 19 July 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3780
The Effects of Group Cycling on Gait and Pain-Related Disability in Individuals With Mild-to-Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Salacinski Amanda J. , Krohn Kelly , Lewis Scott F. , Holland Megan L. , Ireland Kathryn , Marchetti Gregory
Published: October 2012

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of a community-based program of stationary group cycling on gait, pain, and physical function in individuals with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Background

Knee pain and disability are common symptoms in individuals with knee OA. Though exercise for knee OA has acknowledged benefits, it has the potential to aggravate symptoms in some instances.

Methods

Thirty-seven subjects (27 women, 10 men) with a mean ± SD age of 57.7 ± 9.8 years were randomly assigned to a cycling (n = 19) or control (n = 18) group for a 12-week intervention study. Outcome variables, measured at baseline and 12 weeks, included preferred and maximal gait velocity, a visual analog pain scale at rest and following a 6-minute walk test, muscle strength, and functional-outcome questionnaires. Data were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance for group and time differences.

Results

After 12 weeks, the individuals receiving the cycling intervention showed significantly greater improvements (P<.05) for preferred gait velocity (mean difference between groups, 8.7 cm/s; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2, 15.1), visual analog pain scale on the 6-minute walk test (mean difference, 16.5 mm; 95% CI: 2.1, 31.0), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain subscale (mean difference, 14.9 points; 95% CI: 2.6, 27.0) and stiffness subscale (mean difference, 10.8 points; 95% CI: 0.7, 21.3), the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain subscale (mean difference, 13.3 points; 95% CI: 3.4, 23.3), and the Knee Outcome Survey activities of daily living subscale (mean difference, 13.9 points; 95% CI: 2.0, 25.9) compared to controls.

Conclusion

Stationary group cycling may be an effective exercise option for individuals with mild-to-moderate knee OA and may reduce pain with walking. US trial registration NCT00917618.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(12):985–995. Epub 2 August 2012, doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3813
Therapeutic Effects of Short-Term Monochromatic Infrared Energy Therapy on Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Hsieh Ru-Lan , Lo Min-Tzu , Lee Wen-Chung , Liao Wei-Cheng
Published: October 2012

Study Design

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Objectives

To examine the short-term therapeutic effects of monochromatic infrared energy (MIRE) on participants with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients were assessed according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Background

MIRE is commonly used in therapy for patients with peripheral neuropathies. However, research has not focused intensively on the therapeutic effects of MIRE in patients with knee OA.

Methods

This study enrolled 73 participants with knee OA. Participants received six 40-minute sessions of active or placebo MIRE treatment (890-nm wavelength; power, 6.24 W; energy density, 2.08 J/cm2/min; total energy, 83.2 J/cm2) over the knee joints for 2 weeks. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-related outcomes were collected weekly over 4 weeks using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Lysholm Knee Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version, and OA Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results

No statistically significant differences were found for the interaction of group by time for Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score scores, including pain, other symptoms, function in daily living, function in sport and recreation, and knee-related quality of life. Scores on the Lysholm Knee Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version, and OA Quality of Life Questionnaire also showed no significant differences between the 2 groups at any of the 4 follow-up assessments.

Conclusion

Short-term MIRE therapy provided no beneficial effects to body functions, activities, participation, and quality of life in patients with knee OA.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(11):947–956, Epub 5 September 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3881
A Web-Based Intervention to Improve and Prevent Low Back Pain Among Office Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: del Pozo-Cruz Borja , Adsuar Jose C. , Parraca Jose , del Pozo-Cruz Jesús , Moreno Antonio , Gusi Narcis
Published: October 2012

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Objectives

To test the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a web-based multidisciplinary intervention for office workers with subacute, nonspecific low back pain.

Background

Low back pain is one of the most frequent ailments seen in primary care consultations.

Methods

The trial included 100 office workers with subacute low back pain. The intervention group had access to both the study intervention and standard care. The control group had access to standard care only. Standard care was defined as all existing non- web-based interventions offered by the University of Extremadura's Preventive Medicine Service. The web-based program was offered via the Preventive Medicine Service website. The participants in the intervention group were asked to engage in the web-based program at their work site for 11 minutes each day, 5 days a week. Primary outcomes were functional disability, as measured by the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and health-related quality of life, as measured by the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-3 Levels. Secondary outcomes were the number of episodes of low back pain and trunk muscle endurance. Outcomes were measured before and after the 9-month intervention period.

Results

Over the 9-month study, the score on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for the participants in the web-based intervention group improved by a mean of −7.36 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: −8.41, −6.31) compared to a worsening of 1.89 points (95% CI: 0.71, 2.65) in the control group. The between-group difference in change on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire over the study period was −9.25 points (95% CI: −10.57, −7.89). Similarly, over the 9-month study, the intervention group had a significant improvement in quality of life of 0.24 points (95% CI: 0.20, 0.29) compared to the control group.

Conclusion

A 9-month web-based intervention is feasible and effective to improve function and health-related quality of life and to decrease episodes of low back pain among office workers with a history of subacute, nonspecific low back pain.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(10):831–841, Epub 2 August 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3980
Loading of the Knee Joint During Ergometer Cycling: Telemetric In Vivo Data
Authors: Kutzner Ines , Heinlein Bernd , Graichen Friedmar , Rohlmann Antonius , Halder Andreas M. , Beier Alexander , Bergmann Georg
Published: October 2012

Study Design

Within-subject, repeated-measures design.

Objectives

To measure tibiofemoral contact forces during cycling in vivo and to quantify the influences of power, pedaling cadence, and seat height on tibiofemoral contact forces.

Background

Cycling is usually classified as a low-demand activity for the knee joint and is therefore recommended for persons with osteoarthritis and rehabilitation programs following knee surgery. However, there are limited data regarding actual joint loading.

Methods

Instrumented knee implants with telemetric data transmission were used to measure the tibiofemoral contact forces. Data were obtained in 9 subjects, during ergometer cycling and walking, 15 ± 7 months after total knee arthroplasty. Tibiofemoral forces during cycling at power levels between 25 and 120 W, cadences of 40 and 60 rpm, and 2 seat heights were investigated.

Results

Within the examined power range, tibiofemoral forces during cycling were smaller than those during walking. At the moderate condition of 60 W and 40 rpm, peak resultant forces of 119% of body weight were measured during the pedal downstroke. Shear forces ranged from 5% to 7% of body weight. Forces increased linearly with cycling power. Higher cadences led to smaller forces. A lower seat height did not increase the resultant force but caused higher posterior shear forces.

Conclusion

Due to the relatively small tibiofemoral forces, cycling with moderate power levels is suited for individuals with osteoarthritis and rehabilitation programs following knee surgery, such as cartilage repair or total knee replacement. The lowest forces can be expected while cycling at a low power level, a high cadence, and a high seat height. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(12):1032–1038, Epub 5 September 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4001
Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale Into a Brazilian Portuguese Version and Validation on Patients With Knee Injuries
Authors: Metsavaht Leonardo , Leporace Gustavo , Riberto Marcelo , Sposito Maria Matilde M. , del Castillo Letícia N.C. , Oliveira Liszt P. , Batista Luiz Alberto
Published: October 2012

Study Design

Clinical measurement.

Objective

To translate and culturally adapt the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) into a Brazilian Portuguese version, and to test the construct and content validity and reliability of this version in patients with knee injuries.

Background

There is no Brazilian Portuguese version of an instrument to assess the function of the lower extremity after orthopaedic injury.

Methods

The translation of the original English version of the LEFS into a Brazilian Portuguese version was accomplished using standard guidelines and tested in 31 patients with knee injuries. Subsequently, 87 patients with a variety of knee disorders completed the Brazilian Portuguese LEFS, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form and a visual analog scale for pain. All patients were retested within 2 days to determine reliability of these measures. Validation was assessed by determining the level of association between the Brazilian Portuguese LEFS and the other outcome measures. Reliability was documented by calculating internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and standard error of measurement.

Results

The Brazilian Portuguese LEFS had a high level of association with the physical component of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (r = 0.82), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (r = 0.87), the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (r = 0.82), and the pain visual analog scale (r = −0.60) (all, P<.05). The Brazilian Portuguese LEFS had a low level of association with the mental component of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (r = 0.38, P<.05). The internal consistency (Cronbach α = .952) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.957) of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the LEFS were high. The standard error of measurement was low (3.6) and the agreement was considered high, demonstrated by the small differences between test and retest and the narrow limit of agreement, as observed in Bland-Altman and survival-agreement plots.

Conclusion

The translation of the LEFS into a Brazilian Portuguese version was successful in preserving the semantic and measurement properties of the original version and was shown to be valid and reliable in a Brazilian population with knee injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(11):932–939, Epub 9 October 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4101
The Effects of Thoracic Spine Manipulation in Subjects With Signs of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Authors: Muth Stephanie , Barbe Mary F. , Lauer Richard , McClure Philip
Published: October 2012

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Objectives

To assess scapular kinematics and electromyographic signal amplitude of the shoulder musculature, before and after thoracic spine manipulation (TSM) in subjects with rotator cuff tendinopathy (RCT). Changes in range of motion, pain, and function were also assessed.

Background

There are various treatment techniques for RCT. Recent studies suggest that TSM may be a useful component in the management of pain and dysfunction associated with RCT.

Methods

Thirty subjects between 18 and 45 years of age, who showed signs of RCT, participated in this study. Changes in scapular kinematics and muscle activity, as well as changes in shoulder pain and function, were assessed pre-TSM and post-TSM using paired t tests and repeated-measures analyses of variance.

Results

TSM did not lead to changes in range of motion or scapular kinematics, with the exception of a small decrease in scapular upward rotation (P = .05). The only change in muscle activity was a small but significant increase in middle trapezius activity (P = .03). After TSM, subjects demonstrated decreased pain during performance of the Jobe empty-can (mean ± SD change, 2.6 ± 1.1), Neer (2.6 ± 1.3), and Hawkins-Kennedy (2.8 ± 1.3) tests (all, P<.001). Subjects also reported decreased pain with shoulder flexion (mean ± SD change, 2.0 ± 1.5; P<.001) and improved shoulder function (force production, 2.5 ± 1.4 kg; Penn Shoulder Score, 7.7 ± 9.4; sports/performing arts module of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, 16.4 ± 13.2) (all, P<.001).

Conclusion

Immediate improvements in shoulder pain and function post-TSM are not likely explained by alterations in scapular kinematics or shoulder muscle activity. For people with pain associated with RCT, TSM may be an effective component of their treatment plan to improve pain and function. However, further randomized controlled studies are necessary to better validate this treatment approach.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(12):1005–1016. Epub 17 August 2012, doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4142
A 12-Week Exercise Therapy Program in Middle-Aged Patients With Degenerative Meniscus Tears: A Case Series With 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Stensrud Silje , Roos Ewa M. , Risberg May Arna
Published: October 2012

Study Design

Case series.

Background

Exercise is a viable treatment alternative to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in patients with degenerative meniscus tears. No study has reported in detail the type of exercises, progression, tolerance, and potential benefit from an exercise therapy program in these patients who have not had surgery. This case report describes a progressive exercise therapy program aimed at improving neuromuscular function and muscle strength in middle-aged patients with degenerative meniscus tears, the outcome over a 12-week period, and the ability to maintain improvements up to 1 year.

Case Description

The first 20 patients (age range, 38–58 years) included in an ongoing randomized controlled trial.

Outcomes

Outcomes data included the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, a 7-point global rating of change scale, isokinetic knee muscle strength tests, and 3 lower extremity performance tests. Postintervention, 16 of 20 patients showed clinically meaningful changes (greater than 10 points) on the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score knee-related quality of life subscale, 19 of 20 patients rated themselves as “a lot better” or “better” on the global rating of change scale, all patients had increased quadriceps muscle strength, and the majority of patients improved on the lower extremity performance tests. At 1 year postintervention, the majority of patients had maintained the improvements and none of the patients had undergone surgery.

Discussion

The described neuromuscular- and strength-training program should be considered for rehabilitation of middle-aged individuals with degenerative meniscus tears. However, head-to-head comparison of programs in a randomized design is needed to determine if this specific program is significantly better than other interventions. US trial registration NCT01002794.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(11):919–931, Epub 5 September 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4165
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes in the Size and Shape of the Oropharynx Following Acute Whiplash Injury
Authors: Elliott James M. , Pedler Ashley R. , Theodoros Deborah , Jull Gwendolen A.
Published: October 2012

Study Design

Prospective longitudinal.

Objective

To quantify the temporal development of magnetic resonance imaging changes in oropharyngeal morphometry in subjects with varying levels of disability following a whiplash injury.

Background

A recent cross-sectional investigation has identified reductions in the size and shape of the oropharynx in subjects with chronic whiplash-related disability when compared to healthy controls. The temporal development of such changes and their relationship to persistent disability have yet to be investigated.

Methods

Forty-one subjects (30 women) with acute whiplash injury were included. Repeated-measures T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure and compare cross-sectional area (CSA) in square millimeters and shape ratio (SR) of the oropharynx at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postinjury. Subjects were classified at 6 months by their Neck Disability Index scores into the following categories: recovered (less than 8%), mild disability (10%–28%), and moderate/severe disability (greater than 30%). The effects of time and group and the interaction effect of group by time on oropharynx morphometry (CSA, SR) were investigated using repeated-measures, linear, mixed-model analysis. Based on previous research findings, age, gender, and body mass index were entered into the analyses as covariates. Where significant main or interaction effects were detected, pairwise comparisons were performed to investigate specific differences in the dependent variable between groups and within groups over time.

Results

There was a significant interaction effect for group by time for both the CSA and SR values. Age significantly influenced SR (P = .024) and body mass index significantly influenced CSA (P = .001). There was no difference in CSA or SR across all groups at 4 weeks postinjury. However, at 6 months, CSA was significantly different between the recovered group and the moderate/severe group (P = .001). The recovered group demonstrated a significant increase in CSA (P = .04) over time, whereas the moderate/severe group significantly decreased (P = .01). At 6 months, the moderate/severe group had a reduced SR compared to the mild group (P = .03). No differences in CSA or SR of the oropharynx were found between the mild and recovered groups throughout the study.

Conclusion

Temporal reductions in CSA of the oropharynx occur following whiplash and persist to a greater extent in those with moderate/severe symptoms at 6 months postinjury. Studies are planned (1) to better investigate the underlying mechanisms of CSA reductions, (2) to determine their relevance to functional recovery and production of voice following whiplash, and (3) to evaluate multidisciplinary assessment and management of these patients. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(11):912–918. Epub 17 August 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4280
MECHANICAL PULPING.Analysis method of high-consistency chip refiner forces
Authors: Fredrikson Antti , Salminen Lauri I.
Published: October 2012

We introduce a new method of processing irregular data rrom any rotating machine, in particular high-consistency pulp refiners. Refiner plate bar forces and rotor absolute angle are acquired synchronously, and a fuzzy gate is exploited to filter instantaneous force events from background noise. Fuzzy gate parameters are partially justified by plate geometry. The method enables the acquisition of quantified and detailed spatial information on refiner plate bar forces, thus supporting the design of more energy efficient refiner plates and bar patterns. The study identifie.s key areas of application for synchronized force analysis in high-consistency pulping research.