bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An improved fire detection approach based on YOLO-v8 for smart cities
Authors: Talaat Fatma M. , ZainEldin Hanaa
Published: July 2023

Fires in smart cities can have devastating consequences, causing damage to property, and endangering the lives of citizens. Traditional fire detection methods have limitations in terms of accuracy and speed, making it challenging to detect fires in real time. This paper proposes an improved fire detection approach for smart cities based on the YOLOv8 algorithm, called the smart fire detection system (SFDS), which leverages the strengths of deep learning to detect fire-specific features in real time. The SFDS approach has the potential to improve the accuracy of fire detection, reduce false alarms, and be cost-effective compared to traditional fire detection methods. It can also be extended to detect other objects of interest in smart cities, such as gas leaks or flooding. The proposed framework for a smart city consists of four primary layers: (i) Application layer, (ii) Fog layer, (iii) Cloud layer, and (iv) IoT layer. The proposed algorithm utilizes Fog and Cloud computing, along with the IoT layer, to collect and process data in real time, enabling faster response times and reducing the risk of damage to property and human life. The SFDS achieved state-of-the-art performance in terms of both precision and recall, with a high precision rate of 97.1% for all classes. The proposed approach has several potential applications, including fire safety management in public areas, forest fire monitoring, and intelligent security systems.
Parental bonding style and illness severity in a longitudinal study of individuals with first episode psychosis
Authors: Pollard Rebecca , Fisher Helen L , Fearon Paul , Morgan Kevin , Lappin Julia , Hutchinson Gerard , Doody Gillian A. , Jones Peter B. , Murray Robin M. , Morgan Craig , Dazzan Paola
Published: July 2023

A parenting style with high amounts of control combined with low caring or nurturing behaviour has been reported in association with mental disorders including schizophrenia. However, the association of parenting style with illness severity in individuals with schizophrenia has never been evaluated retrospectively or over a longitudinal time course. In a subset (n = 84) of the participants included in the AESOP (Aetiology and Ethnicity in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses)-10 study, we evaluated participants’ perceptions of their own parents’ bonding style at the time of their first episode of psychosis using the parental bonding instrument (PBI). We then examined the association between different bonding styles, illness course and severity, and global functioning over a 10-year follow-up. Participants who perceived that their fathers had a more caring and less controlling parenting style showed better functioning at follow-up. However, in contrast to previous research, participants who reported having been subject to uncaring and controlling parenting styles were not found to have a notably worse course of illness or symptom severity over the follow-up period. These results indicate that more optimal parental bonding styles may be associated with better overall functioning in individuals with psychosis but not with other measures of illness outcome.
Increasingly cautious sampling, not the black colouration of unpalatable prey, is used by fish in avoidance learning
Authors: Kaczmarski Mikołaj , Kaczmarek Jan M. , Kowalski Krzysztof , Borowski Karol , Kęsy Jacek , Kloskowski Janusz
Published: July 2023

The efficiency of aposematic colouration of prey is based on the innate bias or facilitation of avoidance learning of predators. In many toxic bufonids, larvae are uniformly black, which is considered a warning signal. We compared fish predation on normal (black) and ‘transient albino’ (greyish) common toad Bufo bufo tadpoles that did not differ in toxicity or activity. In a two-stage experiment, each fish was presented with tadpoles of one colour in the first trial and the other colour in a subsequent trial. While tadpoles sampled by fish were typically not ingested, some died from injuries. The attack rate did not differ between tadpole phenotypes nor trials, irrespective of which phenotype was the first exposed to the fish. However, during the second trial, the sampled tadpoles, independent of colouration, were mouthed by fish for shorter periods and tadpole mortality decreased. The duration of mouthing also declined with an increasing number of attacks during subsequent trials. We conclude that in single-species prey populations, black tadpole colouration is not a warning signal as it does not accelerate predator learning about prey unprofitability. Our results indicate that with growing experience, predators sample potentially toxic prey more cautiously. This may explain why natural selection does not eliminate aposematic morphs even if predators continuously sample conspicuous prey.
Progress in the utilization of water hyacinth as effective biomass material
Authors: Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Ragadhita Risti , Hofifah Siti Nur , Al Husaeni Dwi Fitria , Al Husaeni Dwi Novia , Fiandini Meli , Luckiardi Senny , Soegoto Eddy Soeryanto , Darmawan Arif , Aziz Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is considered a prospective free-floating aquatic plant potentially used to address current issues on food, energy, and the environment. It can grow quickly and easily in various tropical and subtropical environments as long as it has access to adequate light and water to support photosynthetic growth. Ecosystems are threatened by their invasive growth and remarkable capacity for adaptation. However, managing this plant can result in valuable products. This paper demonstrates particle technologies that might be used to utilize water hyacinths, including brake pads, fertilizer, bioenergy, animal feed, phytoremediation agents, bioplastics, and adsorbents. This study is accompanied by a discussion based on the conducted experiments and currently available literature, providing readers with a clearer understanding. Water hyacinth's capacity to absorb macro- and micro-nutrients, nitrogen, and phosphorus makes it a good plant for phytoremediation. The prospect of producing cellulose makes it prospective as a biomass energy source and livestock feeding. Further, it can be transformed into high-cellulose content particles for applications in bioplastics, brake pads, and adsorbents. The current reports regarding education of water hyacinth to student also were added. Finally, issues and suggestions for future development related to the use of water hyacinths are discussed. This study is expected to provide comprehensive knowledge on how to turn invasive water hyacinth plants into valuable products.
Developing and pilot-testing warning messages for risk communication in natural disasters
Authors: Ortiz Guadalupe , Aznar-Crespo Pablo , Aledo Antonio
Published: July 2023

Early warning systems are an essential tool for managing flood emergencies. Alert and warning applications and mobile-phone messaging services have become increasingly widespread among major international emergency agencies as means of communicating risks to the population, and their effectiveness in reducing human and material damages during flood events is significant. Despite their crucial importance, one of the main challenges in the field of emergency communication is the lack of protocols for systematic and standardized production of warning messages. While emergency agencies produce messages on a diversity of topic areas, there are no protocols for structuring their content according to communication functions, exhaustive identification of the relevant areas of action, or classification of content according to different topics. With a view to this opportunity for improvement, the aim of this article is to propose a method for creating a catalog of warning messages enabling their systematic composition and organization. To exemplify the successive stages in the development of such a catalog, we present here the resources and methodological process followed by the authors of this article when commissioned with this task by the emergency services of the Valencian Autonomous Region (south-east Spain) for flood-risk communication. The warning message catalog was pilot tested with experts and user focus groups. Developing warning message catalogs offers a vital resource that can enhance the outreach and operability of warning systems in the current context of increased flood risk due to climate change.
A Republican Conception of Counterspeech
Authors: Whitten Suzanne
Published: July 2023

‘Counterspeech’ is often presented as a way in which individual citizens can respond to harmful speech while avoiding the potentially coercive and freedom-damaging effects of formal speech restrictions. But counterspeech itself can also undermine freedom by contributing to forms of social punishment that manipulate a speaker’s choice set in uncontrolled ways. Specifically, and by adopting a republican perspective, this paper argues that certain kinds of counterspeech candominatewhen they contribute to unchecked social norms that enable others to interfere arbitrarily with speakers. The presence of such domination can pose just as much a threat to freedom of speech as unchecked formal restrictions by threatening an individual’s discursive status, revealing a problem for those who defend counterspeech as a freedom-protecting alternative. Rather than rejecting both counterspeech and legislation outright, however, this paper argues that the republican principle ofparsimonyought to be exercised when deciding on appropriate harmful speech response. While the principle of parsimony allows for suitably-checked formal punishment for some of the most egregious forms of harmful speech, citizen-led counterspeech must be guided by a reliable set of norms against the use of social punishment where those who do engage in social punishment face certain costs. The presence of robust, widely-known, and reliable norms thus supports both formal and informal responses to harmful speech while maintaining a secure discursive status for all.
Exploring the physiological plasticity of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) to dietary sulfur amino acids and taurine to measure dietary requirements and essentiality
Authors: Candebat Caroline Lourdes , Eddie Thibault , Marc Adrien Francois , Fernando Fernando , Nankervis Leo
Published: July 2023

Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) is an economically important yet under-researched species, still reliant on ‘trash fish’ or generic aquafeeds. The transition toward sustainable formulations is contingent on establishing requirements of target species for limiting nutrients, among which the sulfur amino acids (methionine and cysteine) commonly limit fish growth. Further, there remains significant conjecture around the role of the sulfonic acid taurine in marine aquafeed formulation and its relationship to sulfur amino acids. To develop a species-specific feed formulation for giant grouper, dietary methionine was modulated in a dose-response experiment to achieve five graded levels from 9.5 to 21.5 g/kg, including an additional diet with methionine at 18.6 g/kg supplemented with 8 g/kg taurine. The mean (±SD) cysteine level of the diets was 4.5 ± 0.3 g/kg. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate tanks of 14 fish (83.9 ± 8.4 g). The best-fit regression for growth showed that the optimal dietary methionine content was 15.8 g/kg and the total sulfur amino acid content was 20.3 g/kg. Inadequate dietary methionine content triggered physiological responses, including hepatic hyperplasia and hypoplasia at 9.5 and 21.5 g/kg, respectively, and high aspartate transaminase levels at 18.9 g/kg. Moreover, inadequate dietary methionine contents resulted in higher densities of mixed goblet cell mucin and reduced absorptive surface area of posterior intestinal villi. Our results suggest that adequate levels of methionine, but not taurine, improved posterior intestinal conditions and liver homeostasis. These findings may aid in formulating aquafeeds to optimize gastrointestinal and liver functions in juvenile giant grouper.
Constructing lattice surfaces with prescribed Veech groups: an algorithm
Authors: Sanderson Slade
Published: July 2023

The Veech group of a translation surface is the group of Jacobians of orientation-preserving affine automorphisms of the surface. We present an algorithm which constructs all translation surfaces with a given lattice Veech group in any given stratum. In developing this algorithm, we give a new proof of a finiteness result of Smillie and Weiss, namely that there are only finitely many unit-area translation surfaces in any stratum with the same lattice Veech group. Our methods can be applied to obtain obstructions of lattices being realized as Veech groups in certain strata; in particular, we show that the square torus is the only translation surface in any minimal stratum whose Veech group is all of $$\textrm{SL}_2\mathbb {Z}$$

SL
2

Z

.
Regional variations in patient selection and procedural characteristics for cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation in the cryo global registry
Authors: Scazzuso Fernando , Ptaszyński Paweł , Kaczmarek Krzysztof , Chun K. R. Julian , Khelae Surinder Kaur , Földesi Csaba , Obidigbo Valentine , van Bragt Kelly A. , On Young Keun , Al-Kandari Fawzia , Okumura Ken ,   On behalf of the Cryo Global Registry Investigators
Published: July 2023

Background

Cryoballoon ablation is a well-established anatomical approach for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Although widely adopted, regional variations in standards of care have not been well characterized.

Methods

Patients with AF were enrolled in the Cryo Global Registry (NCT02752737) from May 2016 to Sept 2021 at 128 sites in 37 countries and treated with cryoballoon ablation according to local clinical practice. Baseline patient and procedural characteristics were summarized for 8 regions (Central Asia & Russia, East Asia, Europe, Middle East, North America, South Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia). Serious procedure-related adverse events (SAEs) were evaluated in a subset of patients with ≥ 7 days of follow-up.

Results

A total of 3,680 patients undergoing initial PVI for AF were included. Cryoballoon ablation was commonly performed in patients with paroxysmal AF. Mean age ranged from 47 ± 12 years in the Middle East to 64 ± 11 years in East Asia. Mean procedure time was ≤ 95 min in all regions. Average freeze duration ranged from 153 ± 41 s in Southeast Asia to 230 ± 29 s in Central Asia & Russia. Acute procedural success was ≥ 94.7% in all geographies. In 3,126 subjects with ≥ 7 days of follow-up, 122 procedure-related SAEs were reported in 111 patients (3.6%) and remained low in all regions. One procedure-related death was reported during data collection.

Conclusions

Despite regional variations in patient selection and procedural characteristics, PVI using cryoballoon ablation was performed with high acute success and short procedural times around the world.

Clinical trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02752737

Graphical Abstract
Anticipating epidemic transitions in metapopulations with multivariate spectral similarity
Authors: Ghadami Amin , O’Dea Eamon B. , Drake John M. , Rohani Pejman , Epureanu Bogdan I.
Published: July 2023

Prediction and control of emerging pathogens is a fundamental challenge for public health. To meet this challenge, new analytic tools are needed to characterize the underlying dynamics of the geographical spread of pathogens, identify predictable changes in their dynamics, and support strategic planning for disease elimination and control. Nonparametric and model-independent tools are particularly needed. Here, we propose a multivariate method that uses similarity in cross-spectral density between measured spatial time series of disease prevalence as a feature measuring the proximity of a tipping point, i.e., emergence or elimination. In particular, we show that the increase in the average value of spectral similarity in measured epidemiological time series contains crucial information about the underlying dynamics and proximity to critical points in infectious disease systems. Theoretical analysis of a standard metapopulation SIR model and empirical analysis of case reports of pertussis in the continental USA demonstrate that this increase is observed when the disease approaches elimination. Therefore, this nonparametric indicator provides insight into the fundamental underlying state of the epidemiological system, which is key in developing appropriate strategies to more quickly achieve elimination goals.
Teenage mothers and the next generation: benefits of delay?
Authors: Johansen Eva Rye , Nielsen Helena Skyt , Verner Mette
Published: July 2023

This paper investigates whether delaying motherhood beyond the teenage years benefits children. We account for selection into teenage motherhood in two parallel ways: We compare children with their cousins and we exploit miscarriages as a natural experiment that induces some women to postpone childbirth. Across the two strategies, we find no or limited effects of teenage motherhood on children’s health and educational outcomes. When we use women delaying motherhood to their early twenties as a counterfactual for teenage mothers, we show suggestive evidence that the effects of such delays are nil across outcomes for both strategies.
Optimization of a novel trapezoidal staggered ribs configuration for enhancement of a solar air heater performance using CFD
Authors: Singh Sarvapriya , Suman Siddharth , Mitra Santanu , Kumar Manish
Published: July 2023

A novel transverse trapezoidal staggered ribs configuration as artificial roughness is investigated using CFD to understand the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviors for improving the performance of a solar air heater. In addition, experimental validation of Nusselt numbers for smooth duct against CFD results is established. The staggered ribs arrangement outperforms the continuous ribs and insights obtained from the thermal-fluid flow behaviors are further applied to optimize the staggered arrangements of the rib. Reynolds number Re is varied from 5000 to 24,000, and rib parameters are optimized with a special focus on understanding the effects of discontinuous rib width (w) and gap width (g). Two widely studied shapes of rib, namely, cylindrical and rectangular, are also investigated for the transverse staggered arrangement with the same optimized parameters for the comparison of thermo-hydraulic performances. Trapezoidal ribs having discontinuous rib width of 50 mm and gap width of 10 mm give the maximum thermo-hydraulic performance of 1.57 at Reynolds number of 5000. The optimized staggered trapezoidal ribs outperform the staggered cylindrical and rectangular ribs. However, staggered rectangular ribs give the highest increase in the Nusselt number and these may be preferred for application when pressure drop is not of concern.
Multiplicity and not necessarily heterogeneity: implications for the long-run degree of capacity utilization
Authors: Di Domenico Lorenzo
Published: July 2023

The paper discusses the implications of disaggregation within the post-Keynesian debate on the long-run convergence of the degree of capacity utilization toward the normal one. The debate is related to the emergence of Harrodian instability inside multiplier–accelerator models and has been characterized by two “opposite” positions: the supermultiplier (SM) and the neo-Kaleckian approaches. These approaches solve the instability issue differently, but both share the postulate that an equilibrium position is such only if the desired state of firms is realized. In the long run, the economy converges toward afully adjusted positionwhere the realized degree of capacity utilization is equal to the normal/desired one. In this paper, we develop an Agent Based—Stock Flow Consistent version of the SM model showing that once multiplier–accelerator mechanisms are explicitly reproduced in a multi-firm economy, the accumulation process can be stable without requiring any convergence between the actual and normal rate. Conversely, the modeled economy displays two emergent properties: the fluctuations of the business cycle arise endogenously, and the long-run aggregate degree of capacity utilization persistently fluctuates around a level lower than the normal one. To this extent, the quasi-steady state corresponds to a situation where the desired state of agents is not realized and single elements are not in equilibrium, but the aggregate is. Finally, we compare outcomes produced from the model according to different scenarios on firms' heterogeneity and network symmetries.
Response of laterally loaded finned piles in sand
Authors: Qin Hongyu , Hung Chao Ying , Wang Hao , Zhang Jianwei
Published: July 2023

This paper investigates the response of finned piles in sand subjected to static lateral load through laboratory tests and full-scale field tests. Firstly, model tests were carried out on free headed single piles of different shaft diameters with and without fins in sand to explore the performance of the piles under lateral loading. The results obtained from monotonic loading tests on three series of piles of three different combination of fins and pile shaft diameters were presented. The effect of fins on improving the stiffness and ultimate lateral capacity of the piles was discussed. An equivalent diameter was proposed for a finned pile, which enabled the experimental results to be back calculated using an available elasto-plastic solution for laterally loaded piles in sand. Secondly, field tests were conducted on laterally loaded Starfin screw piles in loose to medium dense sand. The proposed approach was then used for the analysis of the measured response of Starfin screw piles and further validated against measured test results from fully instrumented finned piles in overconsolidated dense sand. The results show that the proposed equivalent diameter and approach for the analysis of finned piles provided the most satisfactory match to the measured data, ranging from the initial elastic state to the ultimate limit state.
Temporal Pattern of the Emergence of a Mutant Virus Escaping Cross-Immunity and Stochastic Extinction Within a Host
Authors: Hayashi Rena , Iwasa Yoh
Published: July 2023

A high mutation rate of the RNA virus results in the emergence of novel mutants that may escape the immunity activated by the original (wild-type) strain. However, many of them go extinct because of the stochasticity due to the small initial number of infected cells. In a previous paper, we studied the probability of escaping stochastic extinction when the novel mutant has a faster rate of infection and when it is resistant to a drug that suppresses the wild-type virus. In this study, we examine the effect of escaping the immune reaction of the host. Based on a continuous-time branching process with time-dependent rates, we conclude the chance for a mutant strain to be established$$p\left(t\right)$$ptdecreases with time$$t$$tsince the wild-type infection when the mutant is produced. The number of novel mutants that can escape extinction risk has a peak soon after the wild-type infection. The number of novel escape mutations produced per patient in the early phase of host infection is small both for very strong and very weak immune responses, and it attains its maximum value when immune activity is of an intermediate strength.
Preference of acromegaly patients for treatment attributes in Spain
Authors: Fajardo Carmen , Álvarez-Escola Cristina , Biagetti Betina , Garcia-Centeno Rogelio , Ciriza Raquel , Sánchez-Cenizo Laura , Díaz-Muñoz Marcos
Published: July 2023

Objective

Acromegaly is a rare disease caused by increased growth hormone secretion and a subsequent increase in insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels. Patients display multiple comorbidities that affect their quality of life (QoL). Treatment aims to maintain good biochemical control, tumour control and reduce the risk of comorbidities; however, their impact on QoL has been overlooked until recently. We interviewed patients to explore their preferences with regard to treatment attributes.

Design

A cross-sectional study based on interviews and a discrete choice experiment (DCE) in a Spanish cohort.

Methods

Adult patients diagnosed with acromegaly ≥1 year before the start of the study and under treatment were included. Treatment attributes were collected from patient testimony during face-to-face interviews. Then, a DCE was performed to elicit patient preferences for certain treatment attributes.

Results

Sixty-seven patients completed the study. QoL improvement was the most important treatment attribute (37%), followed by IGF-I control (20%), blood sugar control (17%) and tumour control (13%). Secondary attributes were pain associated with the route of administration (7%), diarrhoea (2%), administration method (2%) and storage conditions (2%). We then calculated the theoretical share of preference for existing treatments, based on the individual preference utility for each attribute and level. Pegvisomant obtained the highest share of preference overall, and the highest preference as a second-line treatment (53 and 95%, respectively).

Conclusions

QoL greatly influences patient treatment preference. Since acromegaly patients are informed and aware of their disease, treatment choices should always be shared with patients.
Broad-Scale Environmental Factors Determining Fish Species Composition of River Estuaries in the Japanese Archipelago
Authors: Itsukushima Rei
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between fish species composition and environmental factors at various scales in river estuaries in the Japanese archipelago. The estuaries harbor diverse fish species composition due to their complex topography, varied climatic zones, and ocean currents. Non-hierarchical cluster analysis classified the fish species composition of 100 river estuaries (58 families, 152 species, and 486,356 individuals) into five groups. The highest number of species was confirmed in the group of river estuaries located in southwestern Japan and flowing into the inner bay (55.1 ± 9.6 species), characterized by an abundance of the number of Gobiidae species. In contrast, the species number was the lowest in the groups consisting of river estuaries that primarily belong to the northern Japanese archipelago (15.3 ± 3.3 species) that were characterized by an abundance of the number of cold-water fishes such as Salmonidae, Pleuronectidae, and Osmeridae. The highest fish species diversity was confirmed in the groups consisting of river estuaries flowing into the inner bays of southwestern Japan, which had a large tidal range (344 ± 132 cm), suggesting that the large tidal differences create a diverse tidal flat environment that supports fish species diversity. These results indicate that regional species diversity and geographical factors influence the classification of fish fauna. In northeastern Japan, the classification was influenced by geographic area and associated water temperature changes, whereas in southwestern Japan, tidal differences and wave effects could be more important. Understanding the factors that influence the fish species composition of a target river is fundamental to estuarine conservation, and the findings of this study provide basic knowledge for conservation.
Association between health literacy and dysphagia in the community-dwelling older population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Huafang , Ye Chenxi , Zhang Simei , Yang Dan , Gong Xiaolan , Li Sihan , Xue Wenfeng , Su Jie , Zhao Lancai , Qiu Yufeng , He Xiaona , Zhang Yongming , Tang Mengling
Published: July 2023

Background

Dysphagia, or swallowing disorders, has become a growing concern due to the aging population, and health literacy plays a crucial role in active aging. However, the relationship between them remains unclear.

Aims

To investigate the association between health literacy and dysphagia among community-dwelling older adults in China.

Methods

A survey was conducted on 4462 older adults aged 65 and above in a community in Yiwu City, China, from May 2021 to January 2022. Swallowing problems were assessed using a 30 ml water swallowing test (WST) and the Eating Assessment Tool-10 questionnaire (EAT-10). The participants' health literacy was evaluated using the Chinese Health Literacy Scale (CHLS). Logistic regression and t tests were employed to measure the association between them.

Results

The prevalence of dysphagia was 5.70% and 7.85% as determined by EAT-10 and 30 ml-WST, respectively. The health literacy level of community-dwelling older adults was 24.4 ± 4.93 (9–45). Participants with dysphagia exhibited lower levels of health literacy (p < 0.05). The logistic regression model demonstrated an inverse association between health literacy and dysphagia (OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.91–0.96 for EAT-10, and OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.92–0.95 for WST). Moreover, this association remained significant even after adjusting for covariates.

Discussion

Older adults with dysphagia have lower levels of health literacy, particularly in terms of their ability to seek medical advice, acquire and evaluate medical information, and access social support resources.

Conclusions

Health literacy is associated with dysphagia among community-dwelling older adults. Effective interventions should be implemented to provide support in terms of both medical services and social support for this population.
Jacobson’s theorem on derivations of primitive rings with nonzero socle: a proof and applications
Authors: Rodríguez Palacios Ángel , Cabrera García Miguel
Published: July 2023

We provide a proof of Jacobson’s theorem on derivations of primitive rings with nonzero socle. Both Jacobson’s theorem and its formulation (in terms of the so-called differential operators on left vector spaces over a division ring) underlie our paper. We apply Jacobson’s theorem to describe derivations of standard operator rings on real, complex, or quaternionic left normed spaces. Indeed, when the space is infinite-dimensional, every derivation of such a standard operator ring is of the form $$A\rightarrow AB-BA$$

A
→
A
B
-
B
A

for some continuous linear operator B on the space. Our quaternionic approach allows us to generalize Rickart’s theorem on representation of primitive complete normed associative complex algebras with nonzero socle to the case of primitive real or complex associative normed Q-algebras with nonzero socle. We prove that additive derivations of the Jordan algebra of a continuous nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form on any infinite-dimensional real or complex Banach space are in a one-to-one natural correspondence with those continuous linear operators on the space which are skew-adjoint relative to the form. Finally we prove that additive derivations of a real or complex (possibly non-associative) $$H^*$$

H
∗

-algebra with no nonzero finite-dimensional direct summand are linear and continuous.
New Swiss technical specification SIA 2057 for glass structures and its post failure limit state concept
Authors: Thomas Wüest , Thiemo Fildhuth , Andreas Luible
Published: July 2023

Until recently, designing and constructing with glass in Switzerland was not performed on a uniformly regulated basis due to the lack of a national standard for glass. Therefore, foreign regulations and codes were typically applied. However, this practice repeatedly caused problems. In August 2021, the Technical Specification SIA 2057 Glass Structures has been published to close this codification gap and to create a uniform design basis for the Swiss glass industry. A wide range of glass applications is covered, taking into account the latest findings from practice and science, such as use of shear transfer in laminated glass. The SIA 2057 follows the well-proven SIA principles of regulating only where necessary. Thus, a flexible application of the code is made possible, and innovation is encouraged. In addition to simple design methods, engineers are free to pursue alternative and innovative paths in glass design. The present article provides an overview of the SIA 2057 with focus on laminated safety glass design and post fracture limit state verification.
Analysis of P-wave propagation in filled jointed rock mass with viscoelastic properties
Authors: Chai Lianzeng , Chai Shaobo , Li Pei , Liu Jinhao , Song Boyang , Li Xianpeng
Published: July 2023

Stress wave propagation in filled jointed rock mass is an important basis for the analysis of rock dynamic stability. The presence of small cracks in rock mass often causes the rock to exhibit viscoelastic behavior, resulting in the amplitude attenuation and time delay of the stress wave. In view of the incomplete understanding of stress wave propagation in viscoelastic media, this study presents an analysis on stress wave propagation in filled jointed rock mass with viscoelastic properties based on the time-domain recursive analysis method. By introducing the quality factors of stress wave in viscoelastic medium, the propagation equation of plane P-wave in filled jointed rock mass with viscoelasticity is established. Subsequently, the transmission and reflection characteristics of P-wave are accordingly analyzed. The results indicate that the transmission and reflection coefficients of P-wave through the filled joint decrease obviously due to the attenuation effect of rock viscoelasticity on wave amplitude, but the coefficients gradually stabilize as the quality factor increases. As the propagation distance of the P-wave increases in viscoelastic rock masses, the transmission and reflection coefficients decrease gradually. The normal stiffness of joint contact interface has a decisive influence on the wave propagation. Specifically, a higher normal stiffness leads to stronger transmission and poorer reflection. The larger the thickness of filled joint, the more obvious the attenuation of P-wave becomes. Additionally, the viscoelasticity of filling layer further aggravates the influence of joint thickness on the attenuation of P-wave. The study comprehensively takes into account the effect of viscoelasticity of both the rock mass and the filling layer on transmission and reflection of waves. The research results provide certain theoretical support for the dynamic response and stability analysis of rock mass containing structural planes.
Predicting gas pores from photodiode measurements in laser powder bed fusion builds
Authors: Jayasinghe Sarini , Paoletti Paolo , Jones Nick , Green Peter L.
Published: July 2023

Recent studies in additive manufacturing (AM) monitoring techniques have focussed on the identification of defects using in situ monitoring sensor systems, with the aim of improving overall AM part quality. Much work has focussed on the use of of camera-based monitoring systems; however, limitations such as the slow response rates of the sensors (1-10kHz) and the post-processing requirements of the collected images make it difficult to apply these developmental monitoring methods on production systems in real-time. Furthermore, the replication of results from camera-based monitoring systems (often obtained using deep learning models) in a production environment is limited by the need for specialised hardware with high computational capacity (e.g GPUs). Focussing specifically on laser powder bed fusion ( PBF-L/M ), photodiodes, with fast data collection rates (50–100kHz) and providing data that is relatively easy to process are potentially better suited to real-time monitoring systems. The current study, therefore, focuses on using data collected from photodiodes to identify defects in PBF-L/M builds. A predictive model with real-time potential is proposed that, having been validated on data from computer tomography (CT) images, can be used to locate porosity within layers of PBF-L/M builds.
Improving recommendation diversity and serendipity with an ontology-based algorithm for cold start environments
Authors: Kuznetsov Stanislav , Kordík Pavel
Published: July 2023

Every real-life environments where users interact with items (products, films, research expert profiles) have several development phases. In the Cold-start phase, there are almost no interactions among users and items content-based recommendation systems (RS) can only recommend based on matching the attributes of the items. In the transition state, items start to collect user interactions but still a significant number of items have too small number of interactions, RS does not allow users to discover cold items. In a regular state, where most of the items in the system have enough interactions, the recommendations often suffer from low diversity of the items within a single recommendation. This article proposes a general recommendation algorithm based on Ontological-similarity, which is designed to address all the above problems. Our experiments show that recommendations generated by our approach are consistently better in all environment development phases and increase the success rate of recommendations by almost 50% measured using ontology-aware recall, which is also introduced in this article.
BMTVDS2: a novel hybrid bioinspired model for task-and-VM-dependency and deadline aware scheduling via dual service level agreements
Authors: Gaikwad Amol D. , Singh Kavita R. , Kamble Shailesh D.
Published: July 2023

This paper discusses the design of a novel hybrid bioinspired model for task-and-VM-dependency and deadline aware scheduling via dual service level agreements. The model uses a combination of grey wolf optimization with the league championship algorithm, to perform efficient scheduling operations. These optimization techniques model a fitness function that incorporates task make-span, task deadline, mutual dependencies with other tasks, the capacity of VMs, and energy needed for scheduling operations. This assists in improving its scheduling performance for multiple use cases. To perform these tasks, the model initially deploys a task-based service level agreement (SLA) method, which assists in enhancing task and requesting-user diversity. This is followed by the design of a VM-based SLA model, which reconfigures the VM's internal characteristics to incorporate multiple task types. The model also integrates deadline awareness along with task-level and VM-level dependency awareness, which assists in improving its scheduling performance under real-time task and cloud scenarios. The proposed model is able to improve cloud utilization by 8.5%, increase task diversity by 8.3%, reduce the delay needed for resource provisioning by 16.5%, and reduce energy consumption by 9.1%, making for a wide variety of real-time cloud deployments.
Primary mental healthcare for older people in India: between stigmatization and community orientation
Authors: Kafczyk Tom , Hämel Kerstin
Published: July 2023

Background

Questions of equitable access to primary mental healthcare (PMHC) for older persons in India have been examined mostly in terms of the coverage of services, although perceptions of mental health and old age and social norms at the community level should be considered in the shaping of PMHC approaches. The present qualitative study, therefore, examined how social perceptions and norms of mental health in old age are and should be considered in the design and implementation of primary healthcare approaches in India.

Methods

A secondary thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (n = 14) of PMHC in India was conducted.

Results

Four key themes emerged from the analysis, in which social perceptions and norms were discussed: (1) family participation and low threshold access to mental healthcare, (2) the position of community health workers as an important pillar of old age and mental health-sensitive community-based care, (3) the role of social cohesion and traditional values in fostering a positive and supportive community environment for old age mental health, and (4) the empowerment of communities, families and older persons through mental health education.

Conclusions

PMHC, with its focus on mental health promotion, could be an important anchor for combatting negative attitudes about mental health and old age. The findings presented in this study can inform age-sensitive policies and programmes for mental health in India and could inform future research on the subject.
Making Global Society
Authors: Buzan Barry
Published: July 2023

Barry Buzan proposes a new approach to making International Relations a truly global discipline that transcends both Eurocentrism and comparative civilisations. He narrates the story of humankind as a whole across three eras, using its material conditions and social structures to show how global society has evolved. Deploying the English School's idea of primary institutions and setting their story across three domains - interpolity, transnational and interhuman - this book conveys a living historical sense of the human story whilst avoiding the overabstraction of many social science grand theories. Buzan sharpens the familiar story of three main eras in human history with the novel idea that these eras are separated by turbulent periods of transition. This device enables a radical retelling of how modernity emerged from the late 18th century. He shows how the concept of 'global society' can build bridges connecting International Relations, Global Historical Sociology and Global/World History.
Quantum Processes and Measurement
Authors: Fabre Claude , Cortiñas Rodrigo G.
Published: July 2023

This accessible and self-contained text presents the essential theoretical techniques developed to describe quantum processes, alongside a detailed review of the devices and experimental methods required in quantum measurement. Ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students seeking to extend their knowledge of the physics underlying quantum technologies, the book develops a thorough understanding of quantum measurement theory, quantum processes and the evolution of quantum states. A wide range of basic quantum systems are discussed, including atoms, ions, photons, and more complex macroscopic quantum devices such as opto-mechanical systems and superconducting circuits. Quantum phenomena are also covered in detail, from entanglement and quantum jumps, to quantum fluctuations in optical systems. Numerous problems at the end of each chapter problems enable the reader to consolidate key theoretical concepts and to develop their understanding of the most widely-used experimental techniques.
Inclusion of postdoctoral trainees in a translational science training TL1 program was associated with greater diversification of research across the translational science continuum: a bibliometric analysis of TL1 trainee publications
Authors: Moore Amanda M. , McManus Linda M. , Chun Yong-Hee P. , Barker Julie , Davis Laura D. , Rosenzweig Jillian , Albuquerque Esther , Omisade Zaynab , Onwukwe Bruno , Frei Christopher R.
Published: July 2023

The NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) was established to support translational research that spans the entire TS Continuum, with the goal of bridging the gap between preclinical biomedical research and real-world applications to advance treatments to patients more quickly. In 2018, the Translational Science Training (TST) TL1 Program at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio implemented new strategies to better include and encourage research more broadly across the TS Continuum, including the addition of postdoctoral scientists and a clinically trained Program Co-Director, expansion of team science and community engagement programming, and targeted trainee recruitment from schools of nursing, dentistry, and allied health, in addition to medicine. The objective of this bibliometric analysis was to determine if the program exhibited a more diverse mix of T-types after the adjustments made in 2018. The TST/TL1 Program experienced a shift in T-type, from mostly T0 (preclinical) to more T3/T4 (clinical implementation/public health) research, after new strategies were implemented. This supports the conclusion that strategic programmatic adjustments by an NCATS-funded predoctoral training program resulted in outcomes that better align with NCATS priorities to develop Trainees who contribute across the entire TS Continuum.
Investigating the relationship between mindfulness, stress and creativity in introductory engineering design
Authors: Nolte Hannah , Soria Zurita Nicolás F. , Starkey Elizabeth , McComb Christopher
Published: July 2023

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for engineering design are promising for their stress management, cognition and well-being benefits. Prior work concluded that engineering design is stressful and that each engineering design stage has unique stressors. This non-randomized study investigated the effect of an MBI on students’ cognitive stress and final design creativity during a multistage, hands-on design assessment. Data were collected using surveys, project deliverables and follow-up interviews. While no significant increase was found in students’ measured state mindfulness due to the intervention, students in the MBI condition were more likely to perceive the intervention positively compared to students in the control condition (alternative use tasks). Students in both conditions were found to have similar levels of state stress, which indicates that the MBI had no observable effect on students’ measured stress during design. Although students in the MBI condition were found to produce higher-quality final designs, there were no differences in design creativity or novelty. When data were clustered to identify types of student experiences, state mindfulness was found to meaningfully contribute, but state stress was not. Future research should continue to investigate MBIs in engineering design as a potential approach to improve design education and outcomes.
Poincaré complex diagonals and the Bass trace conjecture
Authors: Klein John R. , Naef Florian
Published: July 2023

For a finitely dominated Poincaré duality space

$M$

, we show how the first author's total obstruction

$\mu _M$

to the existence of a Poincaré embedding of the diagonal map

$M \to M \times M$

in [17] relates to the Reidemeister trace of the identity map of

$M$

. We then apply this relationship to show that

$\mu _M$

vanishes when suitable conditions on the fundamental group of

$M$

are satisfied.
The Long-Term Effects of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Voting Behavior: The “Moving to Opportunity” Experiment
Authors: ELDER ELIZABETH MITCHELL , ENOS RYAN D. , MENDELBERG TALI
Published: July 2023

Socioeconomic disadvantage is a major correlate of low political participation. This association is among the most robust findings in political science. However, it is based largely on observational data. The causal effects of early-life disadvantage in particular are even less understood, because long-term data on the political consequences of randomized early-life anti-poverty interventions is nearly nonexistent. We leverage the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment to test the long-term effect of moving out of disadvantaged neighborhoods—and thus out of deep poverty—on turnout. MTO is one of the most ambitious anti-poverty experiments ever implemented in the United States. Although MTO ameliorated children’s poverty long term, we find that, contrary to expectations, the intervention did not increase children’s likelihood of voting later in life. Additional tests show the program did not ameliorate their poverty enough to affect turnout. These findings speak to the complex relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and low political participation.