bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Cortisol on Liver Fat and Metabolic Health in Adrenal Incidentalomas and Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Yu Peng , Yuan Haoyue , Li Xiaomu , Chen Hong
Published: August 2024

Objective
To evaluate liver fat content in patients with non-functional adrenal incidentalomas (NFAI), mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), and Cushing’s Syndrome (CS), and assess its relationship with cortisol levels.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used retrospective data from 103 NFAI patients, 100 MACS (F-1mgDST > 1.8 µg/dL) and 59 with CS. Abdominal CT scans measured hepatic and splenic CT values to calculate the liver-to-spleen (L/S) ratio. Metabolic indicators including fasting blood glucose (FPG), LDL-C, HDL-C, HbA1c etc were measured. Mediation analysis was used to explore the indirect effects of metabolic traits on the cortisol-liver fat relationship.
Results
Patients included 103 NFAI, 100 MACS, and 59 CS. MACS patients had higher NAFLD prevalence (57%) than NFAI (26.2%, P < 0.001) but lower than CS (66.1%, P < 0.001). MACS and CS were associated with NAFLD (OR 3.83 and OR 5.73, P < 0.01), adjusted for age, BMI, and covariates. Midnight serum cortisol correlated with L/S ratio (p < 0.001). HbA1C and Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) mediated 24.5% and 49.5% of the cortisol and L/S ratio association, respectively. FPG, HbA1C, HDL-c, and TyG mediated the association between MACS or CS and the L/S ratio. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fructosamine, and triglycerides mediated for MACS, while alkaline phosphatase did so for CS. Total cholesterol, LDL-C, ALT, AST, γ-GGT, insulin, and uric acid did not mediate the association.
Conclusion
MACS and CS are linked to significant metabolic disturbances, including increased liver fat and impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, contributing to fatty liver.
Influence of synchronized rolling-assisted process on crack and properties of Ni-WC laser cladding layers
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Dai Xingyu , Guo Huaichen , Hu Xiaoping , Shen Wenbo , Ma Chen , Zhao Changlong
Published: August 2024

To investigate the process method to inhibit the cracking of the laser cladding layer, based on the concept of synchronized micro-forging, this paper applies a self-developed laser cladding synchronized rolling auxiliary device to prepare Ni60-WC cladding layer by laser cladding on the surface of Q235 steel substrate. An optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, Vickers microhardness tester, X-ray diffractometer, friction and wear tester, and three-dimensional optical profilometer were used to observe, test, and analyze the macroscopic morphology, microstructure, physical phase composition, microhardness and wear-resistant properties of the fused cladding layer. This paper focuses on comparing the observation of cracking defects with and without the application of a synchronized rolling-assisted device to prepare the cladding layer and analyzes the reasons for the different results. The results show that: the synchronized rolling auxiliary process can effectively inhibit the generation of cracks, synchronized roller in the synchronized rolling device, under the action of high laser power, produces the effect of a secondary heat source, which has the effect of heating and heat preservation on the fusion cladding layer, reduces the temperature gradient of the fusion cladding layer when it is cooled, and the accumulation of thermal stress is reduced. In the synchronized rolling process, the molten cladding layer is in the dynamic response to the recrystallization stage, the growth time of the grain is relatively longer, the grain size increases slightly, the hardness decreases slightly, but the plasticity and toughness increases, the amount of wear is reduced, and the wear resistance is improved.
Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive films for treatment of vaginal candidiasis
Authors: Dalvi Sayli , Chhabra Neha , Shiriskar Jueeli , Sriniva Ganga
Published: August 2024

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is long-term condition that can severely affect the quality of life of affected women. Worldwide, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis affects about 138 million women annually (range 103–172 million), with a global annual prevalence of 3871 per 100 000 women; 372 million women are affected by recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis over their lifetime. Along with oral antifungals, intravaginal therapy represents the route of choice for both local and systemic effects, which is patient convenient and effective alternate for vaginal infections. Mucoadhesive vaginal films of itraconazole were formulated and optimized using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose CP 50, Eudragit RS 100, PEG 400 and Soluplus ®, solvent casting technique using hydroxyl propylcellulose and sodium alginate as polymers. Propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol-400 were evaluated as plasticizers. Prepared films were evaluated for weight, thickness, uniformity of weight, disintegration time of films, drug content determination, in vitro drug release studies, mechanical strength and antifungal activity. The films exhibited controlled release over more than 24 hrs. From the study it was concluded that the films containing 25 mg itraconazole exhibited satisfactory swelling, an optimum mechanical strength and promising drug release. The formulation was found to be suitable candidate for the antifungal activity of vaginal films for therapeutic use.
A 17-year-old man with motor and sensory deficits along with impaired balance
Authors: Farjam Mina , Changizi Faraz , Ebrahimzadeh Kaveh , Sabeti Shahram , Zerehpoush Farahnaz Bidari , Gharebagh Farid Javandoust , Darazam Ilad Alavi
Published: August 2024

Background:
Hydatid cysts are caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm parasite Echinococcus granulosus, leading to a rare but significant zoonotic infection. This disease primarily manifests in regions with prevalent agricultural and livestock practices. While the liver, lungs, and brain are most affected, spinal involvement is notably rare. Hydatid cyst disease develops gradually and in the early stages, these cysts are asymptomatic. Symptoms usually manifest when the cysts enlarge sufficiently to cause compression. Effective treatment typically combines surgical intervention with antiparasitic medication to reduce the risk of recurrence, highlighting the necessity of a comprehensive approach to treatment and follow-up.
Case Presentation:
A 17-year-old male from Afghanistan, now residing in Iran, presented with muscle weakness in his lower extremities, primarily in the right leg, back pain, and impaired balance. The patient had a history of previous surgical resection for a spinal mass in Afghanistan. Upon examination, he exhibited reduced muscle strength, sensory loss in the right lower limb, paresthesia in the left medial forearm, and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes in both legs, along with a positive Babinski sign on the right. Imaging revealed signs of previous laminectomy at T2 and T3 and a well-defined cystic mass at the T2 level. Surgical intervention was performed to resect the cystic tumor, and pathological examination confirmed it as a hydatid cyst. Post-surgery, the patient was prescribed chewable albendazole (400 mg twice daily) to prevent recurrence. Routine MRI follow-ups and physiotherapy sessions were recommended post-discharge.
Conclusion:
This case highlights the critical need for precise surgical removal and comprehensive postoperative care in managing spinal hydatid cysts. The recurrence in this patient suggests potential issues with the initial surgical resection or subsequent therapeutic management, emphasizing the importance of thorough treatment adherence. Given the high recurrence rates of 48%-89% for spinal hydatid cysts, effective management involves accurate surgical techniques, adequate postoperative medication, and long-term follow-up. This case highlights the importance of treatment strategies to manage and prevent the recurrence of this rare but challenging condition.
Is exceeding estimated established bladder capacities harmful during voiding cystourethrograms (VCUGs)?
Authors: DeFlorio Robert , Epelman Monica , Christnacht Kimberly , Zheng Henry , Shah Chetan
Published: August 2024

Background
The current standard for diagnosing vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children is a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), which requires an accurate estimation of bladder capacity to be performed appropriately. However, in clinical practice, the amount of contrast instilled into the bladder often exceeds the estimated capacity, raising concerns among parents, radiologists, and technologists. The potential harm caused by exceeding the estimated capacity set by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American College of Radiology (ACR) has not been studied.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare the actual bladder capacity of children undergoing VCUG with existing formula-derived estimates, and to describe any adverse effects of bladder overdistention during VCUG.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study involved the review of 884 consecutive VCUG performed over a period of 3 years. The data was divided into three age groups: less than age 2, ages 2 through 14, and greater than age 14. Cases with underlying conditions that could artificially increase bladder capacity, such as neurogenic bladders or vesicoureteral reflux, were excluded from the analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results.
Results
Out of the 884 reviewed VCUG studies reviewed over the 3-year period, a total of 440 normal VCUG procedures were included in the analysis. Among these, 284 VCUGs (65%) had bladder volumes that exceeded the expected bladder capacity set by the AAP and ACR. Specifically, out of the 261 VCUGs performed on children under 2 years of age, 164 (63%) VCUG exceeded the expected capacity. In the age group between 2 and 14 years, out of the 165 VCUGs performed, 113 (68%) exceeded the expected bladder capacity. Among the 14 VCUGs performed on children older than 14 years of age, seven (50%) exceeded the bladder capacity. Importantly, no adverse effects were observed or reported during or shortly after the VCUG in the 32 VCUG studies (7.3%) that required a contrast volume of more than two times the AAP estimates of bladder capacity. Additionally, no adverse effects were observed or reported immediately or within the next week in the 22 VCUG studies (5%) that required a contrast volume of more than three times the AAP estimates. This included six children who received 700 mL or more of contrast.
Conclusion
This study suggests that current guidelines often underestimate bladder capacity, and exceeding the expected bladder capacity appears to be reasonably safe without the occurrence of complications.
Correlation of HbA1c levels with CT-based body composition biomarkers in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Warner Joshua , Blake Glen , Garrett John , Lee Matthew , Nelson Leslie , Summers Ronald , Pickhardt Perry
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are closely linked with visceral body composition, but clinical assessment is limited to external measurements and laboratory values including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Modern deep learning and AI algorithms allow automated extraction of biomarkers for organ size, density, and body composition from routine computed tomography (CT) exams. Comparing visceral CT biomarkers across groups with differing glycemic control revealed significant, progressive CT biomarker changes with increasing HbA1c. For example, in the unenhanced female cohort, mean changes between normal and poorly-controlled diabetes showed: 53% increase in visceral adipose tissue area, 22% increase in kidney volume, 24% increase in liver volume, 6% decrease in liver density (hepatic steatosis), 16% increase in skeletal muscle area, and 21% decrease in skeletal muscle density (myosteatosis) (all p < 0·001). The multisystem changes of metabolic syndrome can be objectively and retrospectively measured using automated CT biomarkers, with implications for diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and GLP-1 agonists.
Is the Phoenix Sign Phenomenon Due to Vasodilation? A Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Motor Function Recovery After Diagnostic Common Fibular Nerve Block with Lidocaine and Papaverine
Authors: Barrett Stephen L. , Boyd Bailey , DuCasse Sequioa , Nassier Wajdi , Mitchell Nia , Nagra Artinder P. , Dalmau-Pastor Miki , Yamasaki Dwayne S. , Nickerson Scott
Published: August 2024

Background
Focal entrapment of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve (CFN) is the most common nerve entrapment in the lower extremity. Accurate diagnosis can be difficult due to co-existent pathology such as low back pathology. A 1% lidocaine block of CFN is often used to confirm the local entrapment pathology and demonstrate possibility of pain relief. A surprising, unexpected and temporary strengthening of CFN supplied ankle and foot muscles is occasionally produced, termed the Phoenix sign. Aetiology of this phenomenon has been puzzling, but restoration of neural circulation and nutrition via improved local blood flow has been postulated to be responsible.
Methods
This is a double-blinded, randomized, prospective controlled trial of 19 patients, comparing 2 vasodilating agents and their ability to produce the Phoenix effect. Ultrasound guided infiltration of 0.3 mL 1% lidocaine or papaverine HCl 10 mg/mL was executed adjacent to CFN. Motor strength pre- infiltration and 4 minutes post-infiltration were measured for anterior compartment muscles utilizing MRC manual motor testing reported on a 0–5 scale. The extensor hallucis longus (EHL) muscle proved to be the most significant.
Results
Average motor strength of the EHL improved from 2.2 (+/-0.40) to 4.9 (+/-0.32).) in the lidocaine group. In the papaverine group, pre-infiltration EHL motor strength averaging 2.1 (+/-0.93) improved to 4.4 (+/- 1.01) post-infiltration. Papaverine and lidocaine produced similar statistically significant increases in muscle strength (p = < 0.05).
Conclusion
There was no difference between small local infiltrations of lidocaine or papaverine in production of increased anterior compartment EHL motor strength. It is most likely that the Phoenix Effect is explained by temporary local improvements in the microcirculation of the CFN vasa nervorum.
Causal Effect of Tobacco Exposure on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Yunfeng , Cheng Zhihui , Xu Dongwei , Shen Kan , Li Jun , Yan Shenghua , Zhou Maofeng , Qi Yingchao , Yu Hua , Ni Hui , Liao Lijun , Li Yuling , Deng Xingqi
Published: August 2024

Background: Previous studies have reported increased heterogeneity in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the causal relationship between ARDS and tobacco exposure is uncertain. Considering that tobacco exposure is relatively common, it can be used as an easily accessible indicator and is closely related to respiratory diseases. We examined the causal effect of tobacco exposure on ARDS-related phenotypes using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
Methods: In this investigation, we obtained tobacco exposure data from the most recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted by the GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use (GSCAN). Moreover, summary statistics data for lifetime smoking behavior (SmkIndex) were obtained from the UK Biobank. Furthermore, the present study utilized ARDS GWAS data from the Finngen database. This study used two-sample MR (TSMR) to investigate the causal relationship between tobacco exposure and ARDS. We performed extensive sensitivity analyses to confirm the robustness, heterogeneity, and potential multibiological effects of the study results. Additionally, to control for false positive results during multiple hypothesis testing, we adopted a false discovery rate (FDR) to control for statistical bias due to multiple comparisons.
Results: After FDR correction, tobacco exposure had no statistically significant effect on ARDS incidence. Several phenotypes with unadjusted low P values are worth mentioning, including cigarettes smoked daily (CigDay) (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.19-8.14, p = 0.020, FDR-p = 0.051) and age of initiation of regular smoking (AgeSmk) (OR = 0.01, 95% CI 0.00-0.45, p = 0.016, FDR-p= 0.051). In contrast, no causal links were identified for other measures of tobacco exposure with unadjusted p values, including smoking cessation (SmkCes) (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 0.19-9.43, p = 0.773), lifetime smoking behavior (SmkIndex) (OR = 3.02, 95% CI 0.59-15.30, p = 0.183), and smoking initiation (SmkInit) (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 0.74-4.70, p = 0.189).
Conclusion: This study revealed a causal link between CigDay and AgeSmk and the risk of ARDS. However, no genetic associations were found between SmkCes, SmkInit, or SmkIndex and ARDS, suggesting heterogeneity in the impact of smoking exposure on the disease. Further research is required to clarify the causes of this heterogeneity.
Skin marks in Capitoline dolphins shed light on threats to the population at the Tiber River Estuary (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Turchi Alice , Pedrazzi Giulia , Mattiussi Alex , Labriola Maria Silvia , Petrone Daniele , Giacomini Giancarlo , Pace Daniela Silvia
Published: August 2024

The analysis of skin marks and lesions is used for many cetacean species to assess the general health status of the populations, based on evidence of interaction between conspecifics and with human activities. This study applies mark analysis to characterise common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) skin marks and lesions, and their evolution in time, in the Tiber River Estuary area (Mediterranean Sea, Italy), to test their efficacy as proxies of individual or population health in a region under several anthropogenic pressures. Using high-quality photographic data collected between 2016 and 2023 during 205 sightings, marks were identified, classified, counted and measured on 39 individuals photographed on multiple occasions. Marks related to intraspecific interactions (e.g., tooth-rakes), anthropogenic activities (e.g., signs of interaction with fishery) and health conditions (e.g., skin diseases and emaciation) were selected as indicators, and five indices were applied to estimate their extension and progression through time. Prevalent marks in all individuals were of social origin and aggressive nature. Marks related to skin diseases and emaciation were present in 97% and 70% of individuals, respectively. Almost half of the individuals showed physical signs of interaction with fishing gears. No significant trends in the temporal evolution of marks were observed. These results highlight that the local population is under the pressure of multiple stressors mostly related to human activities, both directly (fishing) and indirectly (malnutrition, aggression). The consequences of stressor interactions may be complex to predict and raise challenges for the conservation of this protected species in a highly anthropized area.
Sustainable Decision-Making Framework: Enhancing MCDM with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy and Variable Weight Theory
Authors: TURAN FAIZ MOHD , AYASRAH OMAR IBRAHIM
Published: August 2024

The role of cutting fluids in machining operations is crucial, impacting productivity, tool lifespan, and work quality. An experimental investigation was conducted on ball end milling of AISI 1040 steel using uncoated HSS tools under various coolant conditions and milling modes. The study encompassed four coolant conditions: dry, mist, 4% coolant concentration, and 8% coolant concentration, with constant cutting parameters. Machining performance was assessed based on tool wear and surface roughness. Results indicate a significant influence of coolant conditions on machining performance and surface quality. Mist coolant in down milling mode exhibited superior performance in terms of tool wear and average surface roughness (0.09mm and 0.462µm, respectively), followed closely by mist coolant in up milling mode, 8% coolant concentration, and lastly, 4% coolant concentration under up milling mode. Sustainability is becoming increasingly important as a decision attribute in the manufacturing environment. However, quantitative metrics for all aspects of the triple bottom line are difficult to assess. This paper considers sustainability metrics in tandem with traditional manufacturing metrics such as time, flexibility, and quality. The research underscores the importance of coolant selection and milling mode in optimising machining outcomes while highlighting the growing significance of sustainability in manufacturing decisions.
Electromagnetic black holes with controllable composite right/left-handed transmission lines
Authors: Tang Qing , Wei Lian Fu , Lan Xiao Gang , Jiang Qing Quan
Published: August 2024

Given that the Hawking radiation from celestial black holes is extremely weak and thus difficult to be detected practically, a series of analogue black holes have been constructed to observe the relevant analogue Hawking radiations in the laboratory. In this paper, based on the critical behavior of group velocity of the microwave signal propagating along a controllable composite right/left-handed transmission line, we theoretically demonstrate that an electromagnetic black hole can be constructed in the co-moving coordinate system; in the velocity space, its horizon is at the point, where the electromagnetic wave propagation group velocity equals to the propagation velocity of the voltage solitary wave. With the typical experimental parameters, the Hawking radiation temperature of such an electromagnetic black hole can be estimated as ∼ 30mK, and thus the radiation could be detected, in principle, by the current low-temperature experimental technique.
Health literacy, information access and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among foreign-born persons in Sweden – a focus group interview-study
Authors: Söderberg Mia , Swaid Juhaina , Aurelius Kristina , Rosengren Annika , Jakobsson Kristina , Magnusson Maria
Published: August 2024

Background
In most countries, lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination have been observed in individuals with an immigrant background, yet if this relates to barriers to obtaining reliable information is unknown. This exploratory interview study investigated health literacy and information access as determinants for vaccination hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine among foreign-born individuals in Sweden.
Methods
We used purposive sampling to recruit foreign-born adults from low- and middle-income countries, who expressed being hesitant towards getting vaccinated, as well as health guides and doulas who were assigned to spread COVID-19 related information in immigrant-dense urban areas. Data were collected using semi-structured focus group interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to systematic text condensation.
Results
Ten participants were included who were gainfully employed as health guides/doulas, or in other jobs, full-time students, or housewives. Four main themes emerged: 1) Limited health literacy, 2) Consequences of not using official Swedish information, 3) Decision-making on COVID-19 vaccination, and 4) Suggestions to improve information dissemination. The lack of health literacy in official institutions, health care personnel and recipients alike led to that most participants barely used information from official health care and public health institutions. Instead, they relied on social media, social contacts and international media, through which contradictive and negative information about the vaccine was spread. The decision to get vaccinated or not was a process fraught with insecurities about the effectiveness and side effects of the vaccine, which was balanced against wishing to be protected and contributing to the battle against COVID-19. The participants suggested that information dissemination could be improved by producing a multilingual information outreach and to increase the use of transmission through social interaction with trusted persons and platforms.
Conclusions
An inadequately adapted information strategy prevented some members of the society from making fact-based decisions about getting vaccinated. Several suggestions for improving dissemination were brought forth that can be tested in future communication strategies.
Comparative Security and Compliance Analysis of Serverless Computing Platforms: AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions
Authors: Khanal Dibya Darshan , Maharjan Sushil
Published: August 2024

Serverless computing has revolutionized cloud services by abstracting infrastructure management, enabling developers to focus on application logic. This research examines the security and compliance features of three major serverless platforms: AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions. By evaluating authentication mechanisms, data encryption practices, vulnerability management, and compliance certifications, we aim to provide a comparative analysis that informs businesses and developers on the most secure and compliant platform for their needs.
H3.3K122A results in a neomorphic phenotype in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Patty Benjamin , Jordan Cailin , Lardo Santana , Troy Kris , Hainer Sarah
Published: August 2024

The histone variant H3.3 acts in coordination with histone posttranslational modifications and other chromatin features to facilitate appropriate transcription. Canonical histone H3 and histone variant H3.3 are post-translationally modified with the genomic distribution of these marks denoting different features and with more recent evidence suggesting that these modifications may influence transcription. While the majority of posttranslational modifications occur on histone tails, there are defined modifications within the globular domain, such as acetylation of H3K122/H3.3K122. To understand the function of the residue H3.3K122 in transcriptional regulation, we attempted to generate H3.3K122A mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells but were unsuccessful. Through multi-omic profiling of mutant cell lines harboring two or three of four H3.3 targeted alleles, we have uncovered that H3.3K122A is neomorphic and results in lethality. This is surprising as prior studies demonstrate H3.3-null mES cells are viable and pluripotent, albeit with reduced differentiation capacity. Together, these studies have uncovered a novel dependence of a globular domain residue of H3.3 for viability and broadened our understanding of how histone variants contribute to transcription regulation and pluripotency in mES cells.
Airborne and Soilborne Cues of Herbivory Reduce Damage and Accelerate Flowering For Tomato Plants
Authors: Shiojiri Kaori , Kagiya Shinnosuke , Karban Richard
Published: August 2024

Many studies have found that volatile cues from damaged plants can induce resistance to herbivores in undamaged neighbors. However, fewer studies have examined the effects of soilborne cues. Furthermore, there are few studies that have considered the effects of plant-plant communication on plant reproduction. We conducted experiments with tomato seedlings exposing them to airborne and soilborne cues from experimentally damaged neighbors. These plants were then transplanted to the field and the level of damage by chewing and sucking herbivores was observed in the field. We also recorded the time before flowering was initiated by these plants. We found that both airborne and soilborne cues trend to reduce the proportion of leaves that were damaged for plants exposed to cues relative to controls that were near undamaged neighbors. Furthermore, these two cues were found to interact synergistically. Plants that had been exposed to soilborne cues flowered sooner than controls, those exposed to airborne cues, and both cues. These results suggested that soilborne and airborne cues induce different responses in plants.
Rethinking and Recomputing the Value of Machine Learning Models
Authors: Sayin Burcu , Yang Jie , Chen Xinyue , Passerini Andrea , Casati Fabio
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we contend that the conventional approach to training and evaluating machine learning models frequently overlooks their application within the real-world organizational or societal contexts they are meant to serve. By shifting to this perspective, we redefine how we assess and choose machine learning models. Our focus is particularly on integrating these models into practical workflows that involve both machines and human experts, with human intervention occurring when machines lack sufficient confidence in their predictions. We demonstrate that traditional metrics such as accuracy and f-score fall short in capturing the true value of machine learning models in such hybrid settings. To address this issue, we introduce a simple but theoretically sound strategy to adapt existing machine learning models so as to maximize value. An extensive experimental evaluation highlights the importance of the value-based perspective in evaluating models, and the impact of calibration and out-of-distribution settings on model value.
Betaine alleviates neuronal impairment in glutamate-injured SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells via Nrf2 signaling pathway related ferroptosis
Authors: Wu Guihua , Wang Fuwei , Zheng Nan , Zhou Qiong , Chen Zihao , Chen Ziwen , Li Baohong , Ye Qingbang , Li Li
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that currently lacks efficacious therapeutic interventions. It’s well documented that ferroptosis is extensively involved in the progression and pathogenesis of AD. Betaine, a critical nutrient for mammal health, is reported to possess neuroprotective actions. The objective of the current research was to discuss whether betaine could mitigate neuronal impairments by suppressing ferroptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells injured by glutamate. The results indicate that betaine improved the survival rate and morphology change of glutamate-damaged SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, betaine reduced the intracellular accumulation of Fe2+, MDA, lipid ROS, and LDH release induced by glutamate. And reversal of the decreased GSH content and downregulation of ferroptosis inhibitors GPX4 expression were observed upon betaine administration. Additionally, betaine facilitated the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in SH-SY5Y cells induced by glutamate. Molecular docking validated high-affinity binding between betaine and Nrf2. Collectively, betaine could exert neuroprotective effects by alleviating ferroptosis via activation of Nrf2 pathway, thereby positioning it as a potential candidate for AD therapy.
Calcium(II)-Catalyzed off-/on-DNA Reductive Deuteration Amination in HFIP: Modular Access to N-α-Deuterated Amino Acids
Authors: Wang Shengdong , Li Haoran , Liu Yuwei , Zhang Silin , Ma Lei , Zeng Zhongyi , Zhou Zhi , Xu Hongtao , Yi Wei
Published: August 2024

The development of practical and selective deuterium incorporation strategies for building deuterated molecules, especially deuterium-labeled amino acids, has become an increasing focus in basic research, but still remains challenging. We herein report a bioinspired calcium(II)/HFIP-catalyzed site-selective modular reductive deuteration amination of simple keto acids/esters with amines by using d2-Hantzsch ester as the deuterium source, delivering N-α-deuterated amino acid motifs in a remarkable deuteration efficiency (>99 deuterated ratio) and with diverse functionality (>130 examples), for which various substrates, especially including amino acids, peptides, drug molecules and natural products bearing different substituted forms, was found to be well compatible. Besides, the application of this strategy in the on-DNA synthesis of DNA-tagged N-α-deuterated amino acids/peptides has been exemplified. The work provides an efficient and innovative solution for deuterated amino acid chemistry and should have a robust application potential in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
Dynamics of plant phenome can be accurately predicted from genetic markers
Authors: Nikoloski Zoran , Hobby David , Tong Hao , Mbebi Alain , Heuermann Marc , Laitinen Roosa , Dell'Acqua Matteo , Altmann Thomas
Published: August 2024

Molecular and physiological changes across crop developmental stages shape the plant phenome and render its prediction from genetic markers challenging. Here we present dynamicGP, an efficient computational approach that combines genomic prediction with dynamic mode decomposition to characterize temporal changes in the crop phenotype and to predict genotype-specific dynamics for multiple traits. Using genetic markers and data from high-throughput phenotyping of a maize multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross population, we show that dynamicGP outperforms a state-of-the-art genomic prediction approach for multiple traits. We demonstrate that the developmental dynamics of traits whose heritability varies less over time can be predicted with higher accuracy. The approach paves the way for interrogating and integrating the dynamical interactions between genotype and phenotype over crop development to improve the prediction accuracy of agronomically relevant traits.
Utility and Outcomes of the Keystone Perforator Island Flap for the Reconstruction of Various Anatomical Locations: A Prospective Study
Authors: Alsiaghi Yahia Ahmed , Al-ajaly Mohaned Yahia , Al-Warafi Majed Yahia , Jowah Haitham Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Background
In Yemen's resource-constrained setting, the incidence of wounds resulting from injuries and accidents is high, placing a significant burden on the limited plastic surgery infrastructure. Advanced centers for microsurgical reconstruction are lacking, and expertise in free flaps is limited. Local flaps, while widely used, are complex and associated with high complication rates. This study evaluated the effectiveness and outcomes of the Keystone Island perforator flap (KIPF) technique as an alternative method for soft tissue reconstruction.
Methods
This prospective study included 35 patients who underwent KPIF for various defects. Demographic characteristics, intraoperative variables, postoperative outcomes, and aesthetic outcomes (assessed via the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS)) were evaluated. Factors influencing success rates and complications were analyzed.
Results
The mean age of the patients was 29 ± 11.75 years, with males comprising 86% of the sample. Trauma was the leading cause of tissue defects (77.1%). The most common defect locations were the leg (57.14%) and foot (11.43%). The mean operative time was 73.57 minutes. Postoperatively, 26% of patients experienced complications, with flap dehiscence being the most common complication (11.43%). The flap survival rate was 97%, and complete wound healing was observed in 91.4% of the patients within a median of 16 days. Scar assessments indicated satisfactory aesthetic outcomes with minimal differences from those of normal skin.
Conclusion
The KIPF technique demonstrated high effectiveness and reliability in soft tissue reconstruction, particularly in settings with limited resources and expertise. Its ease of use, minimal postsurgical care, and high flap survival rates make it a valuable alternative to traditional methods. This study supports the adoption of KIPF as a standard practice in similar resource-constrained environments.
Evaluation of demographic feature and Consequences and Complications of Abuse of Topical Anesthetic Drops and Response to Treatment in Patients with Ocular disorders referred to the ophthalmology
Authors: Eslami Fatemeh , Kakoolvand Mohammad , Eslamighayour Anahita
Published: August 2024

Objective: Topical anesthetic drops are extensively employed in ophthalmology, commonly utilized during foreign object removal and eye surgeries. The improper application of these local anesthetics can lead to severe complications, including blindness.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included all patients with complaints of foreign body sensation, exposure to ultraviolet rays, or misuse of local anesthetic eye drops referred to the ophthalmology emergency department at Sina Hospital in Hamadan from March to September 2020. After obtaining consent, each participant completed a questionnaire, providing information aligned with the research objectives, overseen by an ophthalmologist. Patients experiencing complications from the misuse of anesthesia drops received appropriate treatment and underwent a 1-month follow-up. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using SPSS 21 software.
Results: In this study, 192 patients (185 men and 7 women) were enrolled, with an average age of 42.69 ± 12.45 years. Among them, 76.56% presented with foreign body complaints in the eye. The most prevalent symptoms were lacrimation (84.37%) and photophobia (73.95%). Before seeking medical attention, a majority of patients had employed non-medical methods, notably eye closure (63.15%) and tea application (45.31%). Recommendations from pharmacy staff (38.27%) and colleagues (33.33%) were most frequently cited as sources of familiarity. Gender (P = 0.37) and education (P = 0.21) showed no correlation with the frequency of tetracaine abuse. Tetracaine abuse was more frequent among those with a history of previous use (P < 0.001). Patients who abused tetracaine exhibited a higher rate of ocular complications, including keratopathy and vision loss (P = 0.011).
Conclusion: A significant number of patients resort to local anesthetic drops based on non-specialist recommendations. The prevalence of local anesthetic use is consistent across genders and education levels, with awareness of side effects not acting as a deterrent. The arbitrary use of local anesthetics elevates the risk of ocular complications, including keratopathy and vision loss.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among Attending Hospitals and Health Centers in Amran Governorate, Yemen
Authors: Alshahethi Mohammed Ali , Al-Hadheq Ali Ahmed , Edrees Wadhah Hassan , Abdullah Qais Yusuf , Al-Awar Mohammed Sadeq
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a broad spectrum of diseases. There is no published data on the epidemiology or risk factors of leishmaniasis in Amran Governorate. This study aimed to scrutinise the prevalence and behavioural risk factors associated with CL among visitors to hospitals and health centres in Amran Governorate.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from 68 patients with lesion clinically suggestive of CL. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, risk factors, and influence factors of CL.
Results: Sixty-eight cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded during the month December 20 (29.4%), and the Jabal Yazid District was more infected with the parasite 14 (20.6%). The majority were from males 45 (26.2%), individuals with age groups of 0–20 years old 34 (50%), single individuals 52 (76.5%), and those who come from rural areas 38 (55.9%), with a significant difference (P <0.05), and the major risk factors were by bite of female sandfly 55 (80.9%), with a significant difference (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Cutaneous leishmaniasis was highly prevalent in Amran Governorate among children (0-20). Our study showed that the risk factor associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis could help the ministry of health in the establishment of an effective program.
Theileria annulata Hijacks Host Signaling: Integrated Phosphoproteomics and transcriptomics Unveils ERK1/2 as a Central Regulator of Host Transcription Factors
Authors: sharma paresh , dandasena debabrata , A Vengatachala Moorthy , Suresh Akash , Bhandari Vasundhra , roy sonti
Published: August 2024

This study elucidates Theileria annulata’s manipulation of host cell signaling using phosphoproteomic and transcriptomic approaches. We unveil the parasite's control over multiple cellular processes, including apoptosis, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMK) regulation, and telomere maintenance. A central finding of our study is the parasite's targeted manipulation of the ERK1/2 pathway, a key regulator of cellular proliferation and survival. By orchestrating the phosphorylation of essential transcription factors, T. annulata ensures its persistence within the host cell. Importantly, our data demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling triggers apoptosis in infected cells, establishing this pathway as a promising therapeutic target. Beyond host manipulation, we characterize parasite phosphoproteins and transcription factors, revealing insights into Theileria's complex lifecycle and adaptive mechanisms. These findings collectively contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the Theileria-host interaction, paving the way for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions to combat this economically significant disease.
The effect of rater training on rating behaviors in peer assessment among secondary school students
Authors: Tursynbayeva Naizra , Öç Umur , Karakaya İsmail
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to measure the effect of rater training given to improve the peer assessment skills of secondary school students on rater behaviors using the many-facet Rasch Measurement model. The research employed a single-group pretest-posttest design. Since all raters scored all students, the analyses were carried out in a fully crossed (s x r x c) pattern. There were three facets in the research: student, rater, and criteria. The study group consisted of 25 seventh-grade students at a public school in Ankara in the 2021-2022 academic year. All 25 students in the study group were instructed to write compositions. The compositions were examined by the researchers, and 10 were selected for peer assessment. Before the experiment, students were asked to evaluate their peers’ writing skills according to the rubric developed by the researchers. Then, rater training was given to the students for four weeks. After the rater training, the students were instructed to re-evaluate the writing skills of their peers. In the research, four rater behaviors were examined: rater severity, rater leniency, differentiated rater severity, and differentiated rater leniency. When the research results were examined, it was observed that rater training contributed to reducing severity, leniency, and differentiated severity and leniency behaviors.
The mental imagery scale for art students: Building and validating a short form
Authors: Narin Kızıltan Handan , Bulut Hatice Cigdem
Published: August 2024

Mental imagery is a vital cognitive skill that significantly influences how reality is perceived while creating art. Its multifaceted nature reveals various dimensions of creative expression, amplifying the inherent complexities of measuring it. This study aimed to shorten the Mental Imagery Scale in Artistic Creativity (MISAC) via the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO), a metaheuristic methodology for developing psychometrically robust brief scales. Answering 63 items in the original version of MISAC demands a higher cognitive load and, consequently, more time. Therefore, our goal was to shorten it while preserving its psychometric properties. In this study, responses to the MISAC were obtained from 500 undergraduate students enrolled in an art education program. The items on the short form of the MISAC were selected based on pre-specified validity criteria and content representability. The 28-item short form of MISAC demonstrated comparable performance to the original version regarding construct validity, criteria-related validity, and reliability coefficients. Moreover, strict invariance was attained across both gender groups in the validation process of the short form. These results highlight the utility of the shortened version of the MISAC as a valid measure with minimal loss of information of scores compared to the full version.
EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF 38% SDF VS 5% NAF VS APF GEL IN ARRESTING DENTAL CARIES AND REDUCING BACTERIAL ACTIVITY: AN IN-VIVO STUDY
Authors:   PG Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh., Parul Mhaski , Ritu Mangla ,   Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh., Parminder Dua ,   Professor and HOD Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh., Divya Vyas ,   Reader, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh., . Neha ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh.
Published: August 2024

Background: The study was formulated to compare the efficacy of 38% SDF as a caries arresting agent as well as antibacterial and antiplaque agent in vivo with 5% sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) and 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel. Study Design: Total of 74 children aged 6-9 years (boys = 34, girls = 40) who had active caries with dmfs/DMFS score equal to or more than 1 were included in the study for a period of 12 months. Children were divided into three different groups-Group 1: 38%SDF Group 2: 5% fluoride varnish and Group 3: 1.23% APF gel. Fluoride application was done at baseline, 6th month and 12th month. Saliva collection was done at baseline, after 72 hrs, 6th month and12thmonth.Tryptone-yeastcysteine-sucrose-bacitracin agar (TYCSB) was used inoculate salivary Streptococcus mutans and incubated at 37Â°C for 72 hrs.The colony characteristics were studied and number of colony forming units of Streptococcus mutans (CFU/ml) of saliva were counted using digital colony counter.All subjects were evaluated for caries arrest status and plaque score (Silness&Loe index)at 6th and 12thmonthas well as Streptococcus mutans counts in saliva at 72 h, 6th and 12thmonth. Results: Significant reduction was found in caries arrest status plaque score as well as S. mutans counts in Group 1 as compared with Groups 2 and 3. Conclusion: In vivo application of SDF is effective in controlling progression of caries, decreases plaque score and S. mutans counts in saliva as compared to fluoride varnish and APF gel.
Strategic portfolio rebalancing: Integrating predictive models and adaptive optimization objectives in a dynamic market
Authors: Clarissa Adeline , Priatmodjo Koesrindartoto Deddy
Published: August 2024

Adjusting investment strategy is one of the ways to handle dynamic market conditions. This study proposes a novel portfolio management strategy using appropriate optimization objectives for different stock market trends while also incorporating market trends and stock return predictions The optimization objectives that will be evaluated for different market trends are maximizing the Sharpe ratio, minimizing risk, and minimizing expected shortfall. This study utilizes simulation modelling with various predictive models on building the portfolios. The results show that, in an upward market trend, the strategy is to choose stocks with positive returns, and the objective is to maximize the Sharpe ratio. The portfolio that follows this strategy during upward market trends has greater returns than both the Indonesian Composite Index and LQ45, which serve as stock market benchmarks, with 90% certainty. Meanwhile, during the downward market trend, the strategy is to choose stocks with a negative correlation with the Indonesian Composite Index, and the proper optimization objective is to minimize risk. A portfolio that follows this strategy during downward market trends has greater returns than stock market benchmarks with 95% certainty. Across the evaluation period from 2018 to 2023, the portfolio using the proposed strategy outperforms both stock market benchmarks, with a higher quarterly Sharpe ratio of 0.3047 and cumulative return of 107.90%. The proposed portfolio has a higher quarterly return than the stock market benchmark with 99% certainty. Therefore, the proposed strategy shows a promising result in a dynamic market.