bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narasi Pluralisme Pelaku Aliran Kebatinan Sumarah
Authors: Agung Yusuf Ratu , Mahpur Mohammad , Zawawi Moh
Published: April 2022

Pluralisme sebagai suatu praktik menjadi pengalaman yang unik, khususnya dalam perjumpaan lintas-agama. Di antara pengalaman itu, pelaku kebatinan (mysticism) sudah memiliki praktik yang langsung mengapresiasi perbedaan dalam setiap momen tanpa menimbulkan sensitivitas perbedaan keimanan. Tulisan ini bertujuan menyajikan praktik pluralisme yang baik di luar agama resmi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif-fenomenologis. Partisipan penelitian terdiri dari tujuh orang perwakilan penganut Paguyuban Sumarah di Malang Raya, Jawa Timur. Teknik penggalian data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, diskusi kelompok terfokus, dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik kategorisasi tematik fenomenologis. Terdapat dua temuan utama dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, narasi pluralisme pelaku Sumarah menekankan pada kesadaran ketuhanan melampaui ekspresi simbol, dogma, dan syariat agama sebagai hak prerogatif masing-masing agama. Kedua, Sumarah menerima secara terbuka kesadaran ketuhanan sebagai kesadaran utuh dan cerminan mental pluralisme. Implikasinya, hubungan agama-agama yang saling mengapresiasi menjadi lebih bermakna ketika seseorang bertransformasi ke dalam kesadaran pencerahan.
Agama dan Etika di Era Sekuler
Authors: Ali Muhamad
Published: April 2022

Agama, dalam arti luas, sebagai sumber etika dan spiritualitas, tidak lagi dipandang sebelah mata oleh kaum terpelajar dan pengambil kebijakan publik. Hal ini diperlihatkan dengan adanya “desekularisasi” sebagai proses menghidupkan kembali nilai-nilai sakral di dunia yang dianggap sekuler. Selain aliran kebatinan atau kepercayaan seperti di Indonesia, di mana ada pengaruh kuat negara dan masyarakat penganut agama-agama dunia, sebagian besar penduduk bumi terus mencari spiritualitas meskipun tanpa agama formal.
YÖNETİMDE ÖDÜL VE CEZAYA BAKIŞ: OKUL YÖNETİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KARAYAMAN Saffet , KARATAŞ İbrahim Hakan
Published: April 2022

Örgütler faaliyetlerini verimli bir şekilde sürdürmek için, kendi içlerinde ödül ve disiplin kuralları geliştirirler. Örgüt içinde yer alan ödül ve ceza sistemlerini kurup uygulamak önemli bir yönetim stratejisidir. Bu çalışma Türkiye’de okul yöneticilerinin, ödül alma, şikâyet edilme, inceleme-soruşturma geçirme ve disiplin cezası alma durumlarını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, betimsel tarama yönteminde yapılmış bir çalışmadır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş bir anket aracılığıyla 324 okul yöneticisi ve yönetici yardımcısından, 2019 yılında toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre son üç yılda okul yöneticilerinin yarıya yakını ödüllendirilmiş, yaklaşık üçte biri şikâyet edilmiş, yaklaşık dörtte biri soruşturma geçirmiş ve yaklaşık onda biri ceza almıştır. Bu bulgular çerçevesinde eğitim kurumlarında üst yönetimler okul yöneticilerine yönelik ödüllendirmeyi cezalandırmaya göre daha fazla tercih etmekte ve cezalandırma gerektiğinde hafif cezalar vermektedirler. Yönetimde ödül ve ceza olgusunun eğitim kurumlarının etkililiğine ve verimliliğine katkıları derinlemesine araştırılmayı beklemektedir.
Environmental Assessment Through the Biotic Integrity Index of Guaíba Lake, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Flores-Lopes Fábio , Shilling Ana Cristina
Published: April 2022

This work aimed to test an adaptation of the Biotic Integrity Index (BII) of in fish assemblages in the environmental monitoring. The fish samplings were standardized and performed seasonally during two years, using seine nets in eleven points of the hidrographic basin of Guaíba lake, Brazil. The results showed that the analyzed points were rated as regular or poor in terms of quality. The scores obtained by BII for the points Gasômetro and B. Ribeiro contradict the results obtained by main components analysis with physico-chemical parameters of the water. The parameters that most influenced the BII results for the points to be rated as fair in terms of quality were the species richness, the number of individuals, the percentage of individuals infected with black spot disease and the percentage of individuals with morphologic alterations. This paper discusses the fragility of the calculation method used to establish the categories of best, medium and low quality. These data demonstrate that other factors may be contributing to the water quality decrease. This study indicated the need to use more than one methodology as an instrument of the environmental quality evaluation.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Induced by Triclosan in the Freshwater Fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)
Authors: Priyatha Chokki Veettil , Chitra Kumari Chidambaran
Published: April 2022

The antimicrobial property of triclosan benefits human in many consumer products, while its adverse effects on non-target organisms raise environmental concern. In this study we attempted to investigate possible role of triclosan in the antioxidant defense system and genotoxicity in the fish, Anabas testudineus. Fish were exposed to the sublethal (176.7 µg L-1) and environment concentrations (0.009 and 9 µg L-1) of triclosan for 4, 7, 30, and 60 days along with the control groups. Oxidative stress of triclosan was evaluated using biomarkers such as glutathione reductase, levels of reduced glutathione, hydrogen peroxide generation, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl content in gonads. Besides, the frequencies of micronucleus, nucleo-cytoplasmic abnormalities, and comet assay were performed to estimate the genetic damage in the peripheral erythrocytes. Triclosan caused a significant (P
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Microsporidia Isolated from Gut Epithelium of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Kamal Jaiswal , Suman Mishra , Saumya Sharma
Published: April 2022

Honey bees (Apoidea) are considered to be the best pollinators of various wild plants and crops that are not wind pollinated and have proved themselves as an essential part of worldwide biodiversity along with providing necessary products to biological community, who solely depend on bee products (honey, bee wax, propolis) for their livelihood. The fear of honey bees’ decline has provoked an ultimate watchfulness to know more about the reason. The present study is designed to generate knowledge of the parasite- microsporidia isolated from the gut epithelium of honey bees’ by performing scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the spore as oval and cylindrical with 7.04 x 4.83 µm size. Spore size observed is slightly larger than the standard values (4-6 x 2-4 µm). This might be due to climatic factors acting upon the microsporidian sp. SEM revealed the ultra-structural characteristics of the microsporidia, however, the exact species identification is only possible with the help of molecular techniques.
Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Elettaria cardamomum and its Characterization Image Processing and Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Manoj M. Sowmiya , Selvi S. Arul
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer is the second commonest cancer with increasing incidence in the world. One of the most important metal oxide nanoparticles, Zinc oxide nanoparticles are employed in various fields due to their specific physical and chemical properties. The present study investigated the anticancer activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by using Elettaria cardamomum (seed pod). Elettaria cardamomum commonly known as Cardamom is a perennial herb belonging to the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized using UV-VIS, XRD and SEM analysis. The green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were tested for its anticancer potential against MCF7 cell lines.
Species Diversity of Spiders from Bidhuna Tehsil of Auraiya District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Babu Dixit Yogesh , B.B. Singh
Published: April 2022

A total of 37 species of spiders belonging to 12 families and 27 genera were recorded in the Bidhuna tehsil of district Auraiya, Uttar Pradesh, India during the present study. Among them, the family Araneidae included almost half of the species (46.94%) followed by Salticidae (12.24%) and rest of the families comprised less than 10% of the species. This is the first attempt to report the spider assemblages from one of the southwestern district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Such surveys are vital for conservation of these creatures which are helpful for natural pest control and regarded as good indicators of habitat quality.
An Updated Checklist of Spider (Araneomorphae: Araneae: Arachnida) Diversity of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Rajendra Singh , Akhilesh Sharma
Published: April 2022

An updated checklist of faunal biodiversity of the spiders in Madhya Pradesh, one of the landlocked central Indian states, is presented herewith. A total of 336 species of spiders were enlisted under 136 genera belonging to 30 families which have been recorded/described from only 36 districts of Madhya Pradesh out of 52 districts. The maximum number of spider species was recorded from Jabalpur district (169 species) followed by Mandla (113 species), Balaghat (101 species), Chhindwara (78 species), Damoh (67 species), Betul (66 species), and Indore (63 species). The number of species of spiders recorded in 14 districts was between 10-50 while in 16 districts it was less than 10 species. Araneidae and Thomisidae both were dominant families of spiders in Madhya Pradesh and were represented by having 55 species each under 18 and 15 genera, respectively, followed by Lycosidae (39 species, 9 genera), Salticidae (37 species, 28 genera), Gnaphosidae (35 species, 12 genera), and less number in other families. Sixteen families of spiders were represented by less than 10 species. No faunal survey of spiders so far has been conducted in 16 districts of Madhya Pradesh. Most of the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, forest areas, agricultural fields, human dwellings etc. of Madhya Pradesh still await intensive and extensive survey programmes to record the spider fauna.
The Early Organogenesis of Carassius auratus (Cyprinidae): A Histological Perspectives
Authors: Palanichamy Muthupriya , Kandhasamy Sivakumar , Kareem Altaff
Published: April 2022

The present study was aimed to larval organogenesis of Carassius auratus with respect to histological aspects. The eggs and different stages of C. auratus larvae were fixed in Bouin’s fluid. Histological studies were carried out from 1st day after fertilization (DAF) to 12th DAF on every day and 16th, 24th, 32nd, and 40th DAF. Histological studies of C. auratus egg showed embryonic disc formation, followed by neural tube and embryonic eyes on the 2nd DAF. The newly hatched larvae have well-defined eyes and a neural tube was differentiated into the brain. Subsequently, digestive system, swim bladder, gills, skin, and fins formation were studied. The ontogeny developments were divided into 5 stages. During the larval development, the first two stages have differed in their organ development. Their head was straight and free from the yolk and their body was attached to the yolk sac and gill arches which appeared between the 3rd and 5th DAF. The digestive system was straight, increased in the dorsal and the ventral part of the body on the 9th DAF. In between the 10th to 17th DAF, operculum, gill lamella, and dorsal fin were developed. The larvae fin, coiled intestine, and well-developed accessory glands were formed during 24th to 40th DAF.
A phytosociological study of a lowland forest at the Tesso Nilo National Park, Riau.
Authors: Purwaningsih Purwaningsih , Kartawinata Kuswata
Published: April 2022

A  phytosociological study of a lowland forest was carried out at the Tesso Nilo National Park (TNNP), Riau. The objective of the study was to obtain quantitative data on the floristic composition and structure of the above-mentioned lowland forest. By establishing a plot of 1.0 ha, the quadrat method was used to collect the data. We recorded a total of 1,303 individuals of trees and saplings with diameters ≥ 2 cm, comprising 304 species, 153 genera, and 62 families. Using the dominance and density of two tree species, the forest community in the plot can be designated as Sloetia elongata-Pimelodendron griffithianum Association. The species sharing the dominance were Sloetia elongata (Importance Value, IV = 14.43), Pimelodendron griffithianum (IV = 6.17), Santiria laevigata (IV = 5.45) and Xylopia caudata (IV = 5.17). Diameter records showed that 80% of trees in the plot were dominated by small individuals with diameters between 10-30 cm. Trees with diameters 30 cm were Dracaena cf. porteri (diam. 75.6 cm), Artocarpus elasticus (63.3 cm), and Ctenolophon parviflorus (62.1 cm).  Dipterocarp species was not important since they contributed only 4%, while non-dipterocarps shared 96% comprising 61 families. The highest basal area was shared by nine species, including one dipterocarp, Shorea leprosula. Several dipterocarp species occurring in TNNP have been listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, including Anisoptera megistocarpa, Hopea ferruginea, Hopea pachycarpa, Shorea atrinervosa, Shorea faguetiana,   Shorea lepidota and Vatica gamosepala. The presence of a large number of small trees and a few large trees indicated that the forest in the plot was regenerating after heavy disturbances. Regenerating species were divided into five categories, in which 13 species were regenerating well with Sloetia elongata being the best regenerating species while dipterocarps were represented by Shorea acuminata. The occurrence of the majority of trees with a height of 20 m further confirmed the dynamic status of the forest. The importance of primary and secondary forests in TNNP was discussed. Restoration to the original forest was recommended by planting primary forest species, including endemic, rare, and endangered tree species.
Environmental security and resilience – Indonesia and global challenges
Authors: Monk Kathryn A. , Priatna Dolly
Published: April 2022

Indonesia faces tremendous challenges from climate change, biodiversity loss, and wider social and economic change. These challenges need extensive interdisciplinary approaches enabling multiple perspectives from diverse stakeholders to be recognised and utilised. Collaboration between scientists, social scientists, and economists has never been so important. As  Christiana Figueres, former Executive Secretary, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change said:  “The [global] challenges we face are massive, urgent, and interconnected. We need people across all sectors to pull together and move us to a bright and strong future. There’s no time to waste!”.  We are therefore happy to see the growing number of community-based participatory studies being submitted to InJAST and hope these will increase in future. There are exciting and vitally important issues to be tackled and supported by environmental managers to build the necessary environmental security and resilience, from direct conservation work to flood risk management and pollution control. Climate change drives or affects all these of course and has been, for example, one of the key drivers for Indonesia’s momentous plans to move the capital from the 256,000-hectare (990-square-mile) Jakarta on the north-western side of Java Island, the most populated island in the country, to the relatively undeveloped and biodiversity-rich East Kalimantan province on the island of Borneo. Climate change and immediate economic drivers in many parts of Indonesia also contribute to the annual toxic haze, which causes air quality to reach hazardous levels and creates major health, environmental and economic problems, especially in Sumatra and Java. Indeed, as of March this year, Riau province has already declared a state of emergency ahead of this year’s main fire season.
The Paradox of Anthroponormative Restriction: Artistic Artificial Intelligence and Literary Writing
Authors: Bajohr Hannes
Published: April 2022

Artificial intelligence, in the shape of stochastic machine learning models, has seen an increased use in artistic production in recent years. However, it makes an immense difference if such an ‘artistic Artificial Intelligence’ is conceived of as an autonomous agent or only as a tool in the context of a human-machine assemblage. In this paper, I introduce the distinction between a strong and a weak artistic AI, and suggest that each invites a specific aesthetic: The former is inherently anthropocentric, strives for the reduplication of existing artforms, and reproduces concepts of a postromantic tradition such as expression, genius, and creativity; it is anthroponormatively restrictive. The latter, on the other hand, allows for an experimental approach towards genuine artistic novelty unhampered by human models through, paradoxically, keeping a human in the loop. I illustrate this point by discussing Ahmed Elgammal’s ‘Creative Adversarial Network’ and the digital poetry of Allison Parrish and Zach Whalen.
Asam Askorbat, Natrium Nitrit dan Natrium Fosfat sebagai Inhibitor Laju Korosi pada Alumunium dan Seng dalam Media Biosolar
Authors: Wulan Dyah Ratna , Azkiya Noor Isnaini , Widjajanti Kristina , Wardani Nadua Bella , Maryanty Yanty
Published: April 2022

Korosi merupakan penurunan mutu logam akibat adanya reaksi elektrokimia dengan lingkungannya, sedangkan bio-korosi merupakan suatu peristiwa korosi yang dipengaruhi oleh mikroorganisme terutama dari kelompok Sulfat Reducing Bacteria (SRB). SRB mengakibatkan terjadinya korosi logam pada tangki penyimpanan biosolar. Laju korosi dapat diturunkan dengan cara penambahan inhibitor organik maupun anorganik ke dalam suatu media korosi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh inhibitor organik berupa asam askorbat, dan inhibitor anorganik berupa natrium nitrit dan natrium fosfat terhadap terhadap laju korosi dan efisiensi inhibitor pada logam alumunium (Al) dan seng (Zn) yang direndam dalam media biosolar dalam kondisi pH asam. Pengaruh ketiga jenis inhibitor yang masing-masing memiliki konsentrasi sebesar 25, 50, dan 75 ppm terhadap logam yang direndam dengan biosolar diinvestigasi menggunakan teknik penurunan berat logam. Pengukuran berat logam yang direndam dalam inhibitor dan media biosolar dilakukan pada variasi waktu 0, 1, 4, 7, dan 10 hari kemudian dilakukan analisa laju korosi dan efisiensi inhibisi. Masing-masing inhibitor dapat mengghambat laju korosi logam dengan efisiensi inhibisi tertinggi yaitu asam askorbat. Inhibitor terbaik dalam media biosolar yaitu asam askorbat 75 ppm yang dikontakkan dengan logam selama 10 hari dengan nilai efisiensi inhibitor asam askorbat terhadap logam alumunium sebesar 26,92 % dan seng sebesar 70,90 %

Corrosion is a decrease in metal quality due to an electrochemical reaction with its environment while bio- corrosion is a corrosion event that is influenced by microorganisms, especially from the Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) group. This group of bacteria generally causes metal corrosion in biodiesel storage tanks. The corrosion rate can be reduced by adding organic or inorganic inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of organic inhibitor such as ascorbic acid, and inorganic inhibitors such as sodium nitrite and sodium phosphate on the corrosion rate and inhibitor efficiency of aluminum and zinc metals immersed in biodiesel media under acidic pH conditions. The effect of the three types of inhibitors which each concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 ppm on metals immersed in biodiesel was investigated using weight loss techniques. The measurement of the weight of the metal immersed in the inhibitor and biodiesel media was carried out at various times of 0, 1, 4, 7, and 10 days and then calculated the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency. The best inhibitor in biodiesel media is 75 ppm ascorbic acid which is in contact with metal for 10 days with has an efficiency value of ascorbic acid inhibitor against aluminum metal of 26,92 % and zinc of 70,90 %.
Kualitas Karbon Aktif Kulit Pisang Kepok Menggunakan Aktivator Kimia dengan Variasi Konsentrasi dan Waktu Aktivasi
Authors: Sa’diyah Khalimatus , Lusiani Cucuk Evi
Published: April 2022

Buah pisang adalah sumber pangan yang banyak dikonsumsi karena memiliki kandungan karbohidrat yang tinggi. Bagian lain dari buah pisang yaitu bagian kulit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai karbon aktif karena mengandung selulosa sebesar 14,4%. Karbon aktif dari kulit pisang khususnya Pisang Kepok (Musa acuminate L.) dapat digunakan sebagai zat penyerap bahan pencemar dan logam berat dari limbah industri. Pemanfaatan kulit pisang sebagai karbon aktif ini diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif dari solusi pengolahan limbah padat organik sebagai zat penyerap logam berat dari limbah industri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas dari karbon aktif dengan bahan baku kulit Pisang Kepok setelah diaktifkan menggunakan larutan basa dan asam. Karbon aktif dibuat dari kulit Pisang Kepok yang diaktivasi menggunakan aktivator basa kuat (NaOH) dan asam kuat (H2SO4) dengan konsentrasi 0,5 dan 1 N selama waktu aktivasi 1, 3, dan 5 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivator basa menggunakan larutan NaOH dengan konsentrasi aktivator 0,5 N selama waktu aktivasi 1 jam dapat menghasilkan karbon aktif dengan karakteristik yang sesuai dengan SII No. 0258-88. Karbon aktif yang dihasilkan dari kulit Pisang Kepok pada kondisi tersebut mampuf menurunkan kandungan logam Nikel pada larutan NiSO4 sampai 100%. Karbon aktif yang dihasilkan pada konsentrasi rendah dan waktu aktivasi yang singkat dapat mengurangi biaya produksi.    

 

Because of their high carbohydrate content, bananas are a popular food source. The skin of a banana can be used as activated carbon because it contains 14.4 percent cellulose. Activated carbon from banana peels, specifically Pisang Kepok (Musa acuminate L.), can be used as an adsorbent for pollutants and heavy metals emitted by industrial waste. The use of banana peels as activated carbon as a heavy metal absorbent from industrial waste is expected to be an alternative solution for treating organic solid waste. The purpose of this research is to ensure that the quality of activated carbon made from banana (Musa acuminate L.) peel after it's been activated with alkaline and acid solutions. Activated carbon is generated from banana (Musa acuminate L.) peel that has been activated with 0.5 and 1 N concentrations of strong base activator (NaOH) and strong acid activator (H2SO4) over activation times of 1, 3, and 5 hours. The results indicate that an alkaline activator using NaOH solution with an activator concentration of 0.5 N for 1 hour can produce activated carbon with SII No. 0258-88- compliant properties. Under these conditions, activated carbon derived from banana (Musa acuminate L.) peel was able to reduce the nickel concentration in the NiSO4 solution by up to 100 %. Using activated carbon with low concentrations and short activation durations can minimize costs of production.
Kemasan Antistatis Ramah Lingkungan Berbahan Dasar Poli Asam Laktat
Authors: Azzadhiya Fagan Rezka , Ramadita Aroya Desma , Karnela Gina , Kaavessina Mujtahid
Published: April 2022

Kemasan antistatis digunakan untuk melindungi barang elektronik dari kerusakan fisik, lingkungan, dan terhadap electrostatic discharge (ESD). Conductive Polymer Composites (CPC) merupakan material yang dihasilkan dari penambahan nanopartikel konduktif dengan matriks polimer. Poly lactic acid (PLA) atau dikenal dengan poli asam laktat berpotensi sebagai matriks polimer. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) memiliki konduktivitas listrik yang tinggi dikombinasikan dengan rasio aspek yang besar sehingga kompatibel untuk dijadikan filler CPC. Metode penambahan filler dilakukan dengan melt blending dengan presentase berat filler 0; 0,5; 1; dan 1,5 wt%. Komposit nanomaterial PLA/CNT dikarakterisasi menggunakan uji SEM, FTIR, DSC, dan konduktivitas.Hasil uji SEM dan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa perubahan konsentrasi filler CNT tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap morfologi dan struktur CPC. Uji DSC menunjukkan penambahan derajat kristalinitas seiring dengan penambahan konsentrasi CNT. Uji konduktivitas menunjukkan CNT meningkatkan nilai konduktivitas PLA. Nilai konduktivitas PLA menjadi 3,949x10-10 S/cm dan 6,019 x 10-7 S/cm setelah ditambahkan oleh CNT dengan presentase berat sebesar 0,5 wt% dan 1 wt% sehingga memenuhi syarat sebagai kemasan antistatis.
Antistatic packaging is used to protect electronic goods from physical damage, the environment, and against electrostatic discharge (ESD). Conductive Polymer Composites (CPC) are materials produced from the addition of conductive nanoparticles with a polymer matrix. Poly lactic acid (PLA) has the potential as a polymer matrix. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) that have high electrical conductivity combined with a large aspect ratio making them compatible to be used as CPC fillers. The method of adding filler was done by melt blending with filler concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%. PLA/CNT nanomaterial composites were characterized using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and conductivity tests. The results of the SEM and FTIR tests showed that changes in CNT filler concentration did not have a significant effect on the morphology and structure of CPC. DSC test showed an increase in degree of crystallinity along with the addition of CNT concentration. The conductivity test showed that CNT increased the conductivity value of PLA. The conductivity values of PLA become 3.949 x 10-10 S/cm and 6.019 x 10-7 S/cm after being added by CNT of 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% so that they qualify as antistatic packaging.
Kualitas Biobriket Cangkang Kemiri Melalui Proses Karbonisasi Microwave dengan Bahan Perekat Tepung Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L) dan Tepung Mbote (Colocasia esculenta)
Authors: Dewi Rini Kartika , Hudha M. Istnaeny
Published: April 2022

Biobriket merupakan bahan bakar padat berbasis biomassa yang perlu dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan, mengingat kebutuhan energi pada era sekarang terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan dan diperlukan bahan yang ramah lingkungan sebagai pengganti bahan baku yang tidak dapat diperbaharui. Cangkang kemiri merupakan salah satu bahan yang berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bakar padat. Proses pembuatan biobriket pada penelitian ini menggunakan proses karbonisasi microwave pada daya 440 watt, dengan bahan perekat dari tepung gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) dan tepung mbote (Colocasia esculenta). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas biobriket cangkang kemiri dengan variasi rasio bahan arang dan perekat sebesar 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 dan 60:40% (b/b). Dari penelitian ini, hasil terbaik adalah biobriket dengan perekat tepung gembili pada rasio 70:30% (b/b) dengan nilai kadar air sebesar 4,39%; kadar abu sebesar 4,01%; kadar zat menguap sebesar 9,12%; kadar karbon terikat sebesar 72,78% dan nilai kalor didapatkan sebesar 6875,259 kal/g. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, hampir semuanya masuk dalam Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) kecuali karbon terikat yang seharusnya minimal 77%.

Biobriquette is a biomass based solid fuel that needs to be developed and improved, considering the energy needs in the current era there is a significant increase and environmentally friendly materials are needed as a substitute for non-renewable raw materials. Candlenut shell is one of the materials that have the potential to be used as solid fuel. The process of making biobriquettes in this study uses a microwave carbonization process at a power of 440 watts, with adhesive materials from gembili flour (Dioscorea esculenta L.) and mbote flour (Colocasia esculenta). The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of candlenut shell biobriquettes with variations in the ratio of charcoal and adhesives of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40% (w/w). From this research, the best results were bio briquettes with gembili flour adhesive at a ratio of 70:30% (w/w) with a water content value of 4.39%; ash content of 4.01%, volatile matter content of 9.12%, fixed carbon content of 72.78% and the calorific value of 6875.259 cal/g. Based on the analysis results, almost of them are included in the Indonesian National Standard except for fixed carbon which should be at least 77%.
Composting Time Effect of the Activated Sludge from Bioethanol Solid Waste by Orgadec Bio-activator to the Compost Characteristics
Authors: Witasari Wianthi Septia , Sa’diyah Khalimatus , Istianah Nur , Hidayatulloh Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Suatu industri bioetanol menghasilkan limbah dalam proses produksinya, salah satunya adalah limbah padat berupa activated sludge. Keberadaan dari limbah padat ini semakin lama semakin menumpuk sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan menjadi sesuatu yang lebih berguna. Salah satu pemanfaatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengolah limbah padat adalah dengan membuat pupuk kompos.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui waktu pengomposan pada pembuatan pupuk kompos dari activated slude hasil samping produksi bioetanol, terhadap kandungan pupuk kompos yang dihasilkan. Bioaktivator yang digunakan adalah Orgadec. Waktu pengomposan yang digunakan adalah minggu ke-0, minggu ke-1, minggu ke-2, minggu ke-3, minggu ke-4. Analisis kandungan pupuk yang dilakukan adalah karakteristik fisik pupuk kompos, suhu, pH, Kelembaban, C organik, N total, P total, K total, serta rasio C/N sesuai dengan SNI 19-7030-2004. Dari analisis yang dilakukan, pupuk kompos dari activated sludge dengan bioaktivator orgadec menghasikan kompos yang memiliki karakteristik sesuai dengan SNI 19-7030-2004

A bioethanol industry produces waste, one of which is activated sludge. The number of this solid waste is constantly increasing; therefore, it is necessary to process it into something useful. One way to achieve this is by turning it into compost. This study aimed to determine the composting time of activated sludge on the content of compost produced. The bio activator used was Orgadec. The composting time used as samples is on week 0, week 1, week 2, week 3, and week 4. The fertilizer content analysis includes the physical characteristics of compost, temperature, pH, humidity, organic C, total N, total P, total K, and the C/N ratio matches SNI 19-7030-2004. According to the conducted analysis, the compost made using activated sludge with orgadec as the biovactor created a compost that has characteristics that meet the standards of SNI 19-7030-2004.
Attitudes and Expectations of Clinical Research Participants Toward Digital Health and Mobile Dietary Assessment Tools: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Schäfer Florent , Quinquis Laurent , Klein Maxime , Escutnaire Joséphine , Chavanel Frédéric , Chevallier Hélène , Fagherazzi Guy
Published: April 2022

Graphical Abstract

Attitudes and expectations of clinical research participants towards digital health and mobile dietary assessment tools: Main results of a cross-sectional survey study.
Modulation of Fermentation Quality and Metabolome in Co-ensiling of Sesbania cannabina and Sweet Sorghum by Lactic Acid Bacterial Inoculants
Authors: Xia Tianqi , Wang Tianwei , Sun Jiahao , Shi Weixiong , Liu Yayong , Huang Fuqing , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhong Jin
Published: April 2022

Graphical Abstract
Folic Acid Levels During Pregnancy Regulate Trophoblast Invasive Behavior and the Possible Development of Preeclampsia
Authors: Rahat Beenish , Hamid Abid , Bagga Rashmi , Kaur Jyotdeep
Published: April 2022

Background

One of the unique features of placentation is its similarity to tumorigenesis yet being very well regulated. It allows rapid proliferation, migration, and invasion of mononuclear trophoblast cells into the maternal uterus and remodeling the maternal vasculature. This pseudomalignant nature of trophoblastic cells is strictly regulated and its importance becomes evident in abnormal pregnancies that are characterized by aberrant trophoblast proliferation/invasion like preeclampsia. In addition to this, the importance of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy is well documented. We aimed to analyze the molecular and epigenetic regulation of the pseudomalignant nature of placentation via folic acid levels.

Methods

Placental tissue samples were collected from different pregnancies in three different gestational stages. We estimated the impact of folic acid levels on global methylation, LINE1 methylation, and expression of DNMTs in all three gestational stages in pregnant women and preeclampsia pregnancies. We also analyzed the effect of folic acid supplementation on trophoblastic invasion using placental derived cells viz, JEG-3 and HTR-8/SVneo cell line and verified the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms involved in this regulation.

Results

Development of preeclampsia was observed to be associated with lower folate levels in placental tissue, higher global methylation level, and higher expression of DNMT1and DNMT3A. Folic acid supplementation was found to increase the invasive potential of placental trophoblasts by almost two folds which were associated with the decreased expression of tumor suppressor genes and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases; and increased expression of oncogenes, telomerase gene, and matrix metalloproteinases. These folic acid-mediated changes were observed to be regulated by CpG methylation in the case of many genes. Folic acid supplementation was also observed to significantly decrease global methylation in placental trophoblasts related to decreasing expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3A.

Conclusion

Lower folic acid levels are associated with preeclampsia development and folic acid supplementation regulates the invasive potential of placental trophoblasts as mediated by various epigenetic changes in the placenta suggesting the protective effect of folic acid against preeclampsia.
Identification and Spatial Visualization of Dysregulated Bile Acid Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Mass Spectral Imaging
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Zhen-Hua , Zhao Shan-Shan , Yang Jing , Chen Lei , Wang Xiao-Yu , Wang Zhan-You , Liu Hui-Xin
Published: April 2022

Graphical Abstract

Schematic illustrations showing the mass spectrometry imaging based identification and spatial visualization of dysregulated bile acid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice.
Genetic Analysis of Fruit Quality Traits in Sweet Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus): A Review
Authors: Mashilo Jacob , Shimelis Hussein , Ngwepe Richard Mantlo , Thungo Zamalotshwa
Published: April 2022

Graphical Abstract

An overview of phytochemical compounds, phytohormones and flesh textural properties influencing fruit quality of watermelon fruit, and developed genomic and genetic resources for fruit quality breeding.
Physiological Response of Soybean Plants to Seed Coating and Inoculation under Pot Experiment Conditions
Authors: Jarecki Wacław
Published: April 2022

Improved seeds are increasingly being sown in agricultural practice. Such treatments play different roles depending on the substances used. They most often protect seeds and sprouts from abiotic and biotic stresses, but not only. Coating technology is one of the methods of seed improvement, requiring the selection of appropriate components. The purpose of the pot experiment was to test the efficacy of two coatings (C and D) and a commercial inoculant (B) applied to soybean seeds (cultivar Mavka). It was shown that the best option was the combined use of coating and inoculation (C + B or D + B). A significantly higher number of germinated seeds, nodulation, green fodder mass, green fodder protein content, and some physiological parameters of plants were obtained compared to control (A). Applying only the tested coatings (C or D) resulted in the lack of nodulation on roots and slight changes in plant physiological parameters. Sowing seeds with inoculant (B) or control seeds (A) accelerated plant emergence but reduced the number of properly formed sprouts compared to coated seeds. The results confirmed that the tested soybean seed coatings were effective, but in combination with inoculation.
Coupled Numerical and Analytical Stability Analysis Charts for an Earth-Fill Dam under Rapid Drawdown Conditions
Authors: Azadi Ali , Esmatkhah Irani Arash , Azarafza Mohammad , Hajialilue Bonab Masoud , Sarand Fariba Behrooz , Derakhshani Reza
Published: April 2022

The presented article provides a comprehensive study on the stability analysis of earth-fill dams under rapid drawdown and transient flow conditions used to prepare stability analysis charts by conducting coupled finite-element numerical and analytical limit equilibrium procedures. In this regard, the impacts of different rapid drawdown conditions on the safety factor of the Alavian earth-fill dam are determined. The slope stability charts present for both shallow and deep slip surfaces with various permeabilities are verified by ground information obtained with extensive instrumentation on the dam’s site. The results showed that by decreasing the permeability of the core’s material, despite preventing seepage, the instability risk of the upstream slope as a result of rapid drawdown intensifies. Also, as stability charts can be stated, with increasing the slip surface’s depth and decreasing the hydraulic hydration, the reliability decreases, and the sliding surfaces’ sensitivity increases based on the drawdown rates, which have been revealed to be from 0.2 to 0.6, the most critical state for safety factors, showing significant declines.
Gridding Optimization for Hydraulic Fractured Well in Reservoir Simulation Using Well Test Analysis for Long Term Prediction
Authors: Lee Jang Hyun , Negash Berihun Mamo
Published: April 2022

Analytic models, complex simulations, and simple models are being used to predict the production performance of hydraulically fractured shale. Analytical models such as decline curve analysis and rate transient analysis are used for a quick evaluation of reservoir performance. However, they have considerable limitations. For instance, decline curve analysis cannot honor the physical phenomena in shale wells that are related to hydraulic fracture, reservoir characteristics, and fluid flow. On the other hand, even though explicit hydraulic fracture modeling is the most comprehensive approach when compared with other traditional techniques, it cannot guarantee to model enough hydraulic fracture effects. Hence, calibration of the model, which commonly is referred to in the oil and gas industry as history matching, becomes a must. However, history matching of an explicit hydraulic fracture model with limited information is time-consuming and cumbersome. Especially history matching of a full field shale gas/oil model with many wells is a daunting task. In this study, we propose a workflow to integrate numerical reservoir simulation and well test analysis. In the workflow, information such as fracture half-length and enhanced effective permeability are obtained from pressure transient analysis and are used to calibrate grid properties in the vicinity of the plane covered by the fracture length and width. Finally, the simulation model is calibrated using pressure and flow rate data, and it is used for the long-term performance prediction of a hydraulic fractured well. The workflow was evaluated by using a synthetic reservoir model whose permeability mimicked that of a shale formation. As a result, the workflow thus enabled the use of coarse grid blocks, which, in turn, reduced the simulation time to just 1.5% of the simulation runtime consumed by a reference fine grid model.
Effect of Reverse Micelles Size on the Electron Transfer Reaction within the Ion Pair of Co (III)/Fe (II) Complexes
Authors: Hona Ram Krishna , Thapa Rajesh , Dhaliwal Gurjot S.
Published: April 2022

The electron transfer process between pentammineaquacobalt (III) and hexacyanoferrate (II), [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+/Fe(CN)6]4− ion pair was investigated in water/dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT)/Isooctane reverse micelles. The study observed that the electron transfer rate depends on the size of the reverse micelles. The concentrations of Fe (II) ions were varied in different-sized (Wo) reverse micelles of Wo = [H2O]/[AOT] = 10 to 30, but the concentration of Co (III) ions was kept constant. The rate of electron transfer in the ion pair [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+/[Fe(CN)6]4− increased with decreasing size (Wo) of reverse micelles. The smallest reverse micelles Wo = 10 demonstrated the fastest electron transfer rate, and the biggest Wo = 30 reverse micelles showed the slowest electron transfer rate. The change of reaction environment and the location of the reactants in the reverse micelles due to confinement are considered the factors responsible for the results.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Ozone Pollution in the North China Plain from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Zhao Wenhui , Zhang Tianyue , Qiu Yun , Ma Pengfei , Li Lingjun , Wang Lili , Wang Mi , Zheng Dongyang , Zhao Wenji
Published: April 2022

As a major gaseous pollutant, ozone (O3) adversely affects human health and ecosystems. In recent years, ozone pollution in China has gradually become a prominent issue, especially in the North China Plain (NCP). To study the long-term spatio-temporal variation patterns of O3 in the NCP, this study selected 230 monitoring stations in the NCP from 2016 to 2020 as research objects, used the Kriging interpolation method and global Moran’s index to discuss the spatial-temporal distribution of O3, combining meteorological and social statistical data to analyze the causes underlying regional differences. The temporal analysis demonstrated that the O3-8h average concentrations increased annually from 2016 to 2018 and decreased from 2019 to 2020. The O3 concentrations were higher in spring and summer (117.89–154.20 μg/m3) and lower in autumn and winter (53.81–92.95 μg/m3). The spatial analysis revealed that O3 concentrations were low in the north and south of the NCP but high in the central area. The spatial distribution of O3 exhibited considerable cross-seasonal variability. Both meteorological conditions of high temperature and low pressure increased O3 concentrations. The spatial distribution of O3 varied depending on the period. However, the central and western regions of the Shandong Province were constantly characterized by high O3 concentrations. This pattern has been likely formed by heavy industry in the Shandong Province, as large-scale industrial production and frequent traffic flows produce a large amount of precursors, thereby exacerbating regional O3 pollution. These characteristics were attributed to emission reduction policies, meteorological conditions, the emission intensity of anthropogenic sources, and regional transport in the NCP. Overall, for cities with heavy industrial facilities in the central NCP, a timely adjustment of the energy and industrial structure, effectively controlling the emission of precursors, promoting new clean energy, and strengthening regional joint prevention and control are effective ways to alleviate O3 pollution.
The Effect of Normobaric Hypoxia in Middle- and/or Long-Distance Runners: Systematic Review
Authors: Albertus-Cámara Inés , Ferrer-López Vicente , Martínez-González-Moro Ignacio
Published: April 2022

Background: The use of normobaric hypoxia can bring benefits to sports performance because it improves haematological parameters and/or physical activity tests. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review so as to analyse the methods used in hypoxia and to detect its effects on middle- and/or long-distance runners. Methods: Research was conducted using five electronic databases (PubMed, SportDiscus, Cochrane Library, Scopus and PEDro) until December 2021. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Having analysed 158 studies, 12 were chosen for the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. A significant improvement on time until exhaustion was detected, and oxygen saturation decreased after the intervention. There were no significant changes in the 3000-metre time trial or in the haematocrit percentage. The changes in percentage of reticulocytes, heart rate, maximal heart rate, lactate concentration and erythropoietin were heterogeneous between the different research studies. Conclusion: short exposure (less than 3 h to normobaric hypoxia significantly increases the time to exhaustion). However, longer exposure times are necessary to increase haemoglobin. Altitude and exposure time are highly heterogeneous in the included studies.
Insect Receptors: Biochemical, Physiological and Molecular Studies
Authors: Borovsky Dov
Published: April 2022

A Biomolecules Special Issue on insect receptors was a great opportunity to invite colleagues from all over the world to contribute original articles and timely reviews on the subject [...]
Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment for Esophageal Tumor Development—An Opportunity for Prevention?
Authors: Borgmann Martin , Quante Michael
Published: April 2022

Despite therapeutical advancements, and in contrast to other malignancies, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) prognosis remains dismal while the incidence has markedly increased worldwide over the past decades. EAC is a malignancy of the distal esophageal squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction with gastric cells expanding into the esophagus. Most EAC patients have a history of Barret’s esophagus (BE), a metaplastic adaption to chronic reflux, initially causing an inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, the immune system is highly involved early on in disease development and progression. Normally, anti-tumor immunity could prevent carcinogenesis but in rare cases BE still progresses over a dysplastic intermediate state to EAC. The inflammatory milieu during the initial esophagitis phase changes to a tolerogenic immune environment in BE, and back to pro-inflammatory conditions in dysplasia and finally to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment in EAC. Consequently, there is a huge interest in understanding the underpinnings that lead to the inflammation driven stepwise progression of the disease. Since knowledge about the constellations of the various involved cells and signaling molecules is currently fragmentary, a comprehensive description of these changes is needed, allowing better preventative measures, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic targets.
Comparative Study of the Role of Interepithelial Mucosal Mast Cells in the Context of Intestinal Adenoma-Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Groll Tanja , Silva Miguel , Sarker Rim Sabrina Jahan , Tschurtschenthaler Markus , Schnalzger Theresa , Mogler Carolin , Denk Daniela , Schölch Sebastian , Schraml Barbara U. , Ruland Jürgen , Rad Roland , Saur Dieter , Weichert Wilko , Jesinghaus Moritz , Matiasek Kaspar , Steiger Katja
Published: April 2022

Mast cells (MCs) are crucial players in the relationship between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer cells and have been shown to influence angiogenesis and progression of human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of MCs in the TME is controversially discussed as either pro- or anti-tumorigenic. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are the most frequently used in vivo models for human CRC research. In the murine intestine there are at least three different MC subtypes: interepithelial mucosal mast cells (ieMMCs), lamina proprial mucosal mast cells (lpMMCs) and connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs). Interepithelial mucosal mast cells (ieMMCs) in (pre-)neoplastic intestinal formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens of mouse models (total lesions n = 274) and human patients (n = 104) were immunohistochemically identified and semiquantitatively scored. Scores were analyzed along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in humans and 12 GEMMs of small and large intestinal cancer. The presence of ieMMCs was a common finding in intestinal adenomas and carcinomas in mice and humans. The number of ieMMCs decreased in the course of colonic adenoma-carcinoma sequence in both species (p < 0.001). However, this dynamic cellular state was not observed for small intestinal murine tumors. Furthermore, ieMMC scores were higher in GEMMs with altered Wnt signaling (active β-catenin) than in GEMMs with altered MAPK signaling and wildtypes (WT). In conclusion, we hypothesize that, besides stromal MCs (lpMMCs/CTMCs), particularly the ieMMC subset is important for onset and progression of intestinal neoplasia and may interact with the adjacent neoplastic epithelial cells in dependence on the molecular environment. Moreover, our study indicates the need for adequate GEMMs for the investigation of the intestinal immunologic TME.