bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Pediatricians toward Oral Health of Asthma Patients
Authors: Shahapur Roopa P , Shahapur Praveen R
Published: July 2016

Background

Asthma is a multifactorial disease affecting the airways. Though it is a benign disorder, the treatment with medications such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and anticholinergic drugs may cause adverse effects on oral health.

Materials and methods

A questionnaire consisting of 16 closed-ended questions were mailed to pediatricians of Bijapur and Belgaum district. Of a total of 316, 96 duly filled questionnaires were collected.

Results

About 30 to 50% of the doctors were aware of the ill effects of medication and disease on the oral cavity. About 30% of the doctors advised preventive measures to their patients.

Conclusion

A multidisciplinary approach for treatment of the affected children is the key to improved health care delivery and better quality of life among these patients.

How to cite this article

Shahapur RP, Shahapur PR. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Pediatricians toward Oral Health of Asthma Patients. World J Dent 2016;7(2):92-94.
The Esthetic Salutation and Functional Acceptance of Maxillary Superimposed Prosthesis
Authors: Rajeev Vini , Arunachalam Rajeev , Ganapathy Sivadas , Vedam Vaishanavi
Published: July 2016

In cases where patients are left with few teeth, clinicians face a dilemma. Psychological satisfaction of the patient by retaining the natural teeth not only provides retention but also helps in the preservation of the alveolar bone and proprioception. Overdenture therapy has a long-term advantage where the forces of mastication are directed along the long axis of the abutment teeth, which provides guidance and support and further prevents the dislodgement of denture during movements. Overdenture design remains one of the best treatment options for patients who do not have the financial ability to support an extensive restorative treatment. This management is a preventive prosthodontic therapy, which can delay or eliminate future prosthodontic problems. This case report is about the prosthetic rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient using a hybrid overdenture with a double crown for the maxilla and conventional overdenture for the mandible, giving the patient a denture with better esthetics, more support, and retention.

How to cite this article

Rajeev V, Arunachalam R, Ganapathy S, Vedam V. The Esthetic Salutation and Functional Acceptance of Maxillary Superimposed Prosthesis. World J Dent 2016;7(2): 107-110.
Highly time-resolved urban aerosol characteristics during springtime in
Yangtze River Delta, China: insights from soot particle aerosol mass
spectrometry
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Ge Xinlei , Chen Yanfang , Shen Yafei , Zhang Qi , Sun Yele , Xu Jianzhong , Ge Shun , Yu Huan , Chen Mindong
Published: July 2016

Abstract. In this work, the Aerodyne soot particle – aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed for the first time during the spring of 2015 in urban Nanjing, a megacity in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China, for online characterization of the submicron aerosols (PM1). The SP-AMS enables real-time and fast quantification of refractory black carbon (rBC) simultaneously with other non-refractory species (ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and organics). The average PM1 concentration was found to be 28.2 µg m−3, with organics (45 %) as the most abundant component, following by sulfate (19.3 %), nitrate (13.6 %), ammonium (11.1 %), rBC (9.7 %), and chloride (1.3 %). These PM1 species together can reconstruct ∼ 44 % of the light extinction during this campaign based on the IMPROVE method. Chemically resolved mass-based size distributions revealed that small particles especially ultrafine ones (< 100 nm vacuum aerodynamic diameter) were dominated by organics and rBC, while large particles had significant contributions from secondary inorganic species. Source apportionment of organic aerosols (OA) yielded four OA subcomponents, including hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), cooking-related OA (COA), semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA), and low-volatility oxygenated OA (LV-OOA). Overall, secondary organic aerosol (SOA, equal to the sum of SV-OOA and LV-OOA) dominated the total OA mass (55.5 %), but primary organic aerosol (POA, equal to the sum of HOA and COA) can outweigh SOA in the early morning and evening due to enhanced human activities. High OA concentrations were often associated with high mass fractions of POA and rBC, indicating the important role of anthropogenic emissions during heavy pollution events. The diurnal cycles of nitrate, chloride, and SV-OOA both showed good anti-correlations with air temperatures, suggesting their variations were likely driven by thermodynamic equilibria and gas-to-particle partitioning. On the other hand, in contrast to other species, sulfate, and LV-OOA concentrations increased in the afternoon, and showed no positive correlations with relative humidity (RH), likely indicating the contribution from photochemical oxidation is dominant over that of aqueous-phase processing for their formations. The bivariate polar plots show that the SV-OOA was formed locally, and the variations of hydrogen-to-carbon (H ∕ C) and oxygen-to-carbon (O ∕ C) ratios in the Van Krevelen space further suggests an evolution pathway of SV-OOA to LV-OOA. Our findings regarding springtime aerosol chemistry in Nanjing may have important implications for the air quality remediation in the densely populated regions.
Applications and limitations of constrained high-resolution peak fitting on
low resolving power mass spectra from the ToF-ACSM
Authors: Timonen Hilkka , Cubison Mike , Aurela Minna , Brus David , Lihavainen Heikki , Hillamo Risto , Canagaratna Manjula , Nekat Bettina , Weller Rolf , Worsnop Douglas , Saarikoski Sanna
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The applicability, methods and limitations of constrained peak fitting on mass spectra of low mass resolving power (m∕Δm50 ∼ 500) recorded with a time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM) are explored. Calibration measurements as well as ambient data are used to exemplify the methods that should be applied to maximise data quality and assess confidence in peak-fitting results. Sensitivity analyses and basic peak fit metrics such as normalised ion separation are employed to demonstrate which peak-fitting analyses commonly performed in high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry are appropriate to perform on spectra of this resolving power. Information on aerosol sulfate, nitrate, sodium chloride, methanesulfonic acid as well as semi-volatile metal species retrieved from these methods is evaluated. The constants in a commonly used formula for the estimation of the mass concentration of hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol may be refined based on peak-fitting results. Finally, application of a recently published parameterisation for the estimation of carbon oxidation state to ToF-ACSM spectra is validated for a range of organic standards and its use demonstrated for ambient urban data.
Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in the Amazon Basin
Authors: Gonsior Michael , Valle Juliana , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Hertkorn Norbert , Bastviken David , Luek Jenna , Harir Mourad , Bastos Wanderley , Enrich-Prast Alex
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Regions in the Amazon Basin have been associated with specific biogeochemical processes, but a detailed chemical classification of the abundant and ubiquitous dissolved organic matter (DOM), beyond specific indicator compounds and bulk measurements, has not yet been established. We sampled water from different locations in the Negro, Madeira/Jamari and Tapajós River areas to characterize the molecular DOM composition and distribution. Ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) combined with excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) revealed a large proportion of ubiquitous DOM but also unique area-specific molecular signatures. Unique to the DOM of the Rio Negro area was the large abundance of high molecular weight, diverse hydrogen-deficient and highly oxidized molecular ions deviating from known lignin or tannin compositions, indicating substantial oxidative processing of these ultimately plant-derived polyphenols indicative of these black waters. In contrast, unique signatures in the Madeira/Jamari area were defined by presumably labile sulfur- and nitrogen-containing molecules in this white water river system. Waters from the Tapajós main stem did not show any substantial unique molecular signatures relative to those present in the Rio Madeira and Rio Negro, which implied a lower organic molecular complexity in this clear water tributary, even after mixing with the main stem of the Amazon River. Beside ubiquitous DOM at average H ∕ C and O ∕ C elemental ratios, a distinct and significant unique DOM pool prevailed in the black, white and clear water areas that were also highly correlated with EEM-PARAFAC components and define the frameworks for primary production and other aspects of aquatic life.
Changes in soil carbon and nutrients following six years of litter removal and addition in a tropical semi-evergreen rain forest
Authors: Tanner Edmund Vincent John , Sheldrake Merlin William Alfred , Turner Benjamin L.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Increasing atmospheric CO2 and temperature may increase forest productivity, including litterfall, but the consequences for soil organic matter remain poorly understood. To address this, we measured soil carbon and nutrient concentrations at nine depths to 2 m after six years of continuous litter removal and litter addition in a semi-evergreen rain forest in Panama. Soils in litter addition plots, compared to litter removal plots, had higher pH and contained greater concentrations of KCl-extractable nitrate (both to 30 cm); Mehlich-III extractable phosphorus and total carbon (both to 20 cm); total nitrogen (to 15 cm); Mehlich-III calcium (to 10 cm); Mehlich-III magnesium and lower bulk density (both to 5 cm). In contrast, litter manipulation did not affect ammonium, manganese, potassium or zinc, and soils deeper than 30 cm did not differ for any nutrient. Comparison with previous analyses in the experiment indicates that overall the effect of litter manipulation on nutrient concentrations and the depth to which the effects are significant are increasing with time. To allow for changes in bulk density in calculation of changes in carbon stocks, we standardized total carbon and nitrogen on the basis of a constant mineral mass. For 200 kg m−2 of mineral soil (approximately the upper 20 cm of the profile) about 0.5 kg C m−2 was 'missing' from the litter removal plots, with a similar amount accumulated in the litter addition plots. There was an additional 0.4 kg C m−2 extra in the litter standing crop of the litter addition plots compared to the control. This increase in carbon in surface soil and the litter standing crop can be interpreted as a potential partial mitigation of the effects of increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere.
Soil-frost-enabled soil-moisture–precipitation feedback over northern high latitudes
Authors: Hagemann Stefan , Blome Tanja , Ekici Altug , Beer Christian
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Permafrost or perennially frozen ground is an important part of the terrestrial cryosphere; roughly one quarter of Earth's land surface is underlain by permafrost. The currently observed global warming is most pronounced in the Arctic region and is projected to persist during the coming decades due to anthropogenic CO2 input. This warming will certainly have effects on the ecosystems of the vast permafrost areas of the high northern latitudes. The quantification of such effects, however, is still an open question. This is partly due to the complexity of the system, including several feedback mechanisms between land and atmosphere. In this study we contribute to increasing our understanding of such land–atmosphere interactions using an Earth system model (ESM) which includes a representation of cold-region physical soil processes, especially the effects of freezing and thawing of soil water on thermal and hydrological states and processes. The coupled atmosphere–land models of the ESM of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, MPI-ESM, have been driven by prescribed observed SST and sea ice in an AMIP2-type setup with and without newly implemented cold-region soil processes. Results show a large improvement in the simulated discharge. On the one hand this is related to an improved snowmelt peak of runoff due to frozen soil in spring. On the other hand a subsequent reduction in soil moisture enables a positive feedback to precipitation over the high latitudes, which reduces the model's wet biases in precipitation and evapotranspiration during the summer. This is noteworthy as soil-moisture–atmosphere feedbacks have previously not been the focus of research on the high latitudes. These results point out the importance of high-latitude physical processes at the land surface for regional climate.
Finding the Goldilocks zone: Compression-error trade-off for large gridded datasets
Authors: Silver Jeremy D. , Zender Charles S.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The netCDF-4 format is widely used for large gridded scientific datasets, and includes several compression methods: lossy linear scaling and non-lossy deflate and shuffle algorithms. Many multidimensional datasets exhibit considerable variation over one or several spatial dimensions (e.g. vertically) with less variation in the remaining dimensions (e.g. horizontally). On such datasets, linear scaling with a single pair of scale and offset parameters often entails considerable loss of precision. We propose a method (termed "layer packing") that simultaneously exploits lossy linear scaling and lossless compression. Layer packing stores arrays (instead of a scalar pair) of scale and offset parameters. An implementation of this method is compared with existing compression techniques in terms of compression ratio, accuracy, and speed. Layer packing produces typical errors of 0.01–0.02 % of the standard deviation within the packed layer, and yields files roughly 33 % smaller than the lossless deflate algorithm. This was similar to storing between 3 and 4 significant figures per datum. In the six test datasets considered, layer packing demonstrated a better compression/error trade-off than storing 3–4 significant digits in half of cases and worse in the remaining cases, highlighting the need to compare lossy compression methods in individual applications. Layer packing preserves substantially more precision than scalar linear packing, whereas scalar linear packing achieves greater compression ratios. Layer-packed data files must be "unpacked" to be readily usable. These characteristics make layer-packing a competitive archive format for many geophysical datasets.
Comparison of Dorzolamide/Timolol vs Brinzolamide/Brimonidine Fixed Combination Therapy in the Management of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Kozobolis Vassileios , Panos Georgios D. , Konstantinidis Aristeidis , Labiris Georgios
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To compare the efficiency of brinzolamide/brimonidine fixed combination vs the dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination.

Methods

Forty-four eyes of 44 patients were divided in 2 groups treated either with dorzolamide/timolol twice a day (group A) or with brinzolamide/brimonidine twice a day (group B). Complete ophthalmic examination including Goldmann applanation tonometry was performed before treatment administration and 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks afterwards. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured twice a day (morning at 9 AM and afternoon at 4 PM).

Results

At the end of the follow-up period (12 weeks), mean morning IOP reduction was 7.0 ± 2.8 mm Hg in group A and 8.4 ± 1.9 mm Hg in group B. A significant difference was found (p = 0.0343). In contrast, mean afternoon IOP reduction was 8.6 ± 2.7 mm Hg in group A and 7.9 ± 1.6 mm Hg in group B and no significant difference was found (p = 0.3413). No significant adverse effects were observed in either group.

Conclusions

Brinzolamide/brimonidine seems to be an effective and safe alternative β-blocker free fixed combination, especially for patients with comorbidities, having its own antihypertensive profile.
Is Artificial Reproductive Technology a Risk Factor for Retinopathy of Prematurity Independent of the Generation of Multiple Births?
Authors: Barker Lucy , Bunce Catey , Husain Shahid , Adams Gill G.W.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

There is some debate regarding whether artificial reproductive technology (ART) constitutes an independent risk factor for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We wanted to assess the prevalence of ART in multiple birth infants seen for ROP screening and whether or not ROP was identified or treated, in order to evaluate whether ART contributes a risk factor for ROP independent of the generation of multiple births.

Methods

A retrospective audit was performed of all multiple birth babies admitted to a tertiary neonatal unit who met the UK ROP screening criteria (<32 weeks gestational age [GA] and/or <1,501 g birthweight [BW]).

Results

A total of 205 babies met our criteria, of whom 87.3% were twins. A total of 39.5% were born following ART. A total of 30.5% of the non-ART group developed ROP vs 34% of the ART group (p = 0.837). Stage 3 ROP developed in 5.1% of non-ART babies and 6% of ART babies. A total of 8.5% of non-ART babies and 10% of ART babies required treatment for ROP. Logistic regression demonstrated that ART was not independently associated with development of ROP.

Conclusions

Artificial reproductive technology multiple birth babies make up a considerable proportion of the ROP screening burden and their number is likely to increase as ART is increasingly available and utilized. We found no significant difference between the numbers of babies developing ROP in the ART vs non-ART groups, but the numbers are small. The estimated odds of developing ROP are slightly higher in the ART babies, so our data do not rule out a possible association.
Laser in Situ Keratomileusis for High Hyperopia with Corneal Vertex Centration and Asymmetric Offset
Authors: de Ortueta Diego , Arba-Mosquera Sam
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To investigate refractive outcomes and induction of corneal higher order aberrations (HOA) in eyes that underwent laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for high hyperopia correction using an aberration neutral profile with corneal vertex centration and asymmetric offset.

Methods

A total of 24 consecutive patients (38 eyes) who underwent LASIK by one surgeon using AMARIS 750S excimer laser and a Carriazo-Pendular microkeratome for flap creation were retrospectively analyzed. Eyes targeted for plano and with correction in the maximum hyperopic meridian strictly higher than +4D were included in the retrospective analysis. Patients were reviewed at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Postoperative monocular corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), manifest refraction, and corneal wavefront aberrations were compared with respective preoperative metrics.

Results

Mean preoperative spherical equivalent and refractive astigmatism was +4.07 ± 0.90 D and 1.37 ± 1.26 D, respectively, reducing to +0.28 ± 0.58D (p<0.0001) and 0.49 ± 0.47 D (p = 0.0001) at the last postoperative visit. Six months postoperatively, 78% of eyes achieved a UDVA of 20/25 or better. No eye lost more than 2 Snellen lines of CDVA at any follow-up. There was a statistically significant induction of vertical trefoil (+0.104 ± 0.299 µm, p<0.05), vertical coma (-0.181 ± 0.463 µm, p<0.01), horizontal coma (+0.198 ± 0.663 µm, p<0.05), spherical aberration (-0.324 ± 0.281 µm, p<0.0001), secondary vertical trefoil (+0.018 ± 0.044 µm, p<0.01), and secondary horizontal coma (+0.026 ± 0.083 µm, p<0.05)

Conclusions

Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis for high hyperopia using corneal vertex centration with asymmetric offset results in significant improvement in refraction and visual acuity although affected by significant induction of some higher order aberrations.
Haemodialysis Plastic Cannulae - a Possible Alternative to Traditional Metal Needles?
Authors: Parisotto Maria Teresa , Pelliccia Francesco , Bedenbender-Stoll Eva , Gallieni Maurizio
Published: July 2016

Background

Haemodialysis plastic cannulae for arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) have been used for many years in Japan and recently this technique was introduced in Australia.

Objectives

Find answers to the following questions: What are the pros and cons of plastic cannulae versus traditional metal needles for AVF and arteriovenous graft (AVG)? Is the use of plastic cannulae instead of traditional metal needles an option for European dialysis units as well? If it is an option, for which patients should plastic cannulae be used?

Methods

Literature search via PubMed and Google.

Results and Conclusion

Due to the characteristics of plastic cannulae, they seem to be well suited for restless patients, patients with unpredictable behaviour, children, and patients who are allergic to metal. However, the evidence base provided by studies on the use of cannulae is currently weak. More controlled randomised studies are needed.
The interpretation of Brazilian Portuguese bare singulars in neutral contexts
Authors: Lima Suzi Oliveira , Quadros Gomes Ana Paula
Published: July 2016

Abstract The interpretation of Bare Singular count nouns (henceforth BS nouns) has been at the center of much debate in the literature on countability in Brazilian Portuguese. In this paper, we ad- dress the question whether BS nouns may only be interpreted as mass nouns or as names of kinds, or whether they may also be interpreted as object denoting nouns. It is generally agreed that BS nouns can be interpreted as names of kinds. Furthermore, Beviláqua and Pires de Oliveira (2014) show that BS nouns are interpreted as mass nouns in contexts that favor a mass interpretation. However, the preferred interpretation of BS nouns in neutral contexts (i.e. contexts that favor neither a count nor a mass interpretation) has never been investigated experimentally. We present the results of two experiments, which show that speakers tend to interpret BS nouns as count nouns in neutral contexts.
Sobre a tradução de unidades complexas do léxico: desafios em torno de locuções, colocações e enunciados fraseológicos
Authors: Garcia Simão Angélica Karim
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a tradução de unidades fraseológicas (UFs) na direção espanhol-português em um corpus literário. As UFs são entendidas aqui como unidades léxicas formadas por mais de duas palavras gráficas em seu limite inferior, cujo limite superior situa-se no nível da oração composta.  Nosso foco centra-se na análise dos procedimentos concretos que revelam as técnicas e estratégias de tradução a partir dos equivalentes propostos. Os resultados evidenciam diferenças no que concerne às estratégias de tradução de UFs, podendo-se concluir que diferentes métodos possam ser empregados para a tradução de locuções e enunciados fraseológicos sem que, com isso, elementos expressivos e estilísticos do texto literário sejam comprometidos. Para o caso das colocações, os dados apontam para a necessidade de maior atenção no âmbito da decodificação.
Apresentação
Authors: Nodari Alexandre
Published: July 2016

Apresentação do n. 93 (2016) da revista Letras
Establishing a tracking system in human resources department to improve the completeness of personnel files at a district hospital in Rwanda
Authors: Ibyimana Consolatrice , Wong Rex , Adomako Eva , Lukas Stephanie , Birungi Francine , Munyanshongore Cyprien
Published: July 2016

Introduction: For decades, many low and mid income countries (LMIC) have invested significant effort to improve access to and quality of health care, with less attention paid to the non-clinical, administrative hospital management. Accordingly, a practical personnel filing system was designed and implemented to improve file management efficiency.Methods: Setting: The quality improvement project took place in a rural hospital in Rwanda. Design: A pre- and post-intervention study design to assess the effect of the intervention between January 2015 and February 2016. File auditing and time study were conducted. Intervention: A custom-made computer database to manage documents in a personnel file, standardized follow up process and policy were created and implemented. Measures: The pre- and post-intervention completeness of all personnel file and the average time to identify the missing items in a personnel file were measured to evaluate the effect of the project.Results: The completion rate of personnel files increased from 83% pre-intervention to 96% post-intervention. The average time to identify missing items significantly reduced from 6 minutes 30 seconds pre-intervention to 49.6 seconds (p < .001).Conclusions: This project demonstrates that quality improvement principles can help address administrative issues in a resource-challenged setting. By utilizing available resources to implement an intervention that focused on creating an easy and efficient process, the personnel file completion rate has increased considerably and the time needed to identify missing items significantly decreased. The hospital should apply the same strategic problem solving methodology to conduct other quality improvement projects.
Nel.lo, Oriol (2012). Ordenar el territorio. La experiencia de Barcelona y Cataluña
Authors: Vicente Rufí Joan
Published: July 2016

Nel·lo, Oriol (2012). Ordenar el territorio. La experiencia de Barcelona y CataluñaValència, Tirant Humanidades, Colección Crónica, 256 p.ISBN 978-84-15442-46-2
Cambios recientes en el paisaje litoral de la Costa Brava
Authors: Martí Llambrich Carolina , Pintó Fusalba Josep
Published: July 2016

Se ha estudiado la transformación de los paisajes litorales de la Costa Brava a partir del análisis de los cambios acaecidos en los usos del suelo en los últimos cincuenta años, mediante fotointerpretación de contactos y ortoimágenes de tres periodos: 1957, 1980 y 2003. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un aumento considerable del espacio urbanizado, el cual se ha realizado principalmente a expensas del espacio agrícola, mientras que la superficie forestal se ha mantenido prácticamente sin cambios, aunque sí se han alterado su localización espacial y su estructura. El patrón tradicional de núcleos urbanos compactos se ha visto desbordado por la proliferación de urbanizaciones, zonas comerciales y de ocio que se han extendido por el territorio sin seguir a menudo lógica espacial alguna, lo cual ha provocado, junto al desarrollo de las infraestructuras de comunicación, la fragmentación ecológica del mosaico agroforestal característico del antiguo paisaje rural. Para proyectar las tendencias de cambio detectadas y esbozar escenarios futuros, se han aplicado las cadenas de Markov y los autómatas celulares.
Más allá del humo. La ecología política de los incendios forestales a partir del caso de Horta de Sant Joan (Tarragona, Cataluña)
Authors: González Hidalgo Marien , Otero Armengol Iago , Kallis Giorgos
Published: July 2016

Analizamos el dramático incendio de Horta de Sant Joan de 2009 en Cataluña, bajo el marco de la ecología política. La historia ambiental local, los cambios de usos del paisaje forestal anterior al incendio y el choque entre los diferentes discursos sociales alrededor de éste revelan diferentes formas sociopolíticas de construir la relación entre la naturaleza y la sociedad. Cada actor social explica y evalúa la gestión del territorio y del incendio mediante escalas de tiempo e intereses diferentes. Estos distintos discursos se pueden clasificar según el grado en que favorecen la inclusión o la exclusión del fuego en el sistema socioecológico. Nuestro análisis muestra los diferentes «paisajes deseados» propuestos por los actores sociales, cuya contextualización y análisis permiten realizar una reflexión más profunda sobre los valores dominantes y dominados en relación con los bosques y los incendios. Concluimos que es necesaria una adecuada politización del debate en torno a las causas de los incendios forestales y las formas en las que la sociedad catalana responde a ellos.
Ealham, Chris (2010): Anarchism and the city: Revolution and counter-revolution in Barcelona, 1898-1937
Authors: Gorostiza Santiago
Published: July 2016

Ealham, ChrisAnarchism and the city: Revolution and counter-revolution in Barcelona, 1898-1937Oakland, CA: AK Press, 2010, 263 p.ISBN-13: 978-1-84935-012-9
Hervieu, Bertrand (dir.) (2010): Les mondes agricoles en politique: De la fin des paysans au retour de la question agricole
Authors: Ricart Casadevall Sandra
Published: July 2016

Hervieu, Bertrand (dir.) (2010)Les mondes agricoles en politique: De la fin des paysans au retour de la question agricoleParís: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques. 450 p.ISBN: 978-2-7246-1164-9
Latouche, Serge (2009): Petit tractat del decreixement serè
Authors: Serra i Salvi Anna
Published: July 2016

Latouche, Serge (2009)Petit tractat del decreixement serèValència: Tres i Quatre / Institut del Territori, 174 p.ISBN: 978-84-7502-823-1
Número especial de Finisterra: Revista Portuguesa de Geografia. «Barcelona(s)»1, XLV (90), 2010
Authors: Queirós Margarida
Published: July 2016

Número especial de Finisterra: Revista Portuguesa de Geografia«Barcelona(s)»1, XLV (90), 2010Lisboa: Centro de Estudos Geográficos, 213 p.
Educational constraints of immobility? Examining ethnic differences in student migration in Britain using Census microdata
Authors: Finney Nissa
Published: July 2016

This paper is situated in the emerging literature on minority/immigrant internal migration which grew from questions about the population dynamics behind ethnic residential segregation. This work has revealed both that migration within Britain is creating ethnic mixing and that there are considerable ethnic differences in levels and geographies of residential mobility. This paper contributes to our understanding of these differences by examining how being a student is related to residential mobility for different ethnic groups. It suggests that different residential decisions and migration norms at the point of entry into higher education partly explain ethnic differences in mobility. Using 2001 Census microdata (Sample of Anonymised Records), the paper finds that minority ethnic students are less mobile than their White counterparts, that being a student increases the probability of migrating for White British and Chinese young adults but decreases the probability of migrating for Pakistani and Black African young adults, and particularly so for Pakistani females. Given that it is common to migrate away from home for University study in Britain, this raises questions about equality of access to Higher Education. The examination of mobility in relation to key life events in young adulthood enables debates about ethnic geographies to move beyond the concern with segregation. The paper concludes with challenges for further research and a discussion of the policy implications of the findings in the context of current changes to Higher Education funding in the UK.
Interacciones entre fecundidad y migración. Un estudio de las personas nacidas en el extranjero y residentes en Cataluña en 2007
Authors: Devolder Daniel , Bueno Xiana
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo analiza las interacciones entre fecundidad y migración de la población inmigrada residente en Cataluña en 2007. Por interacciones entendemos no sólo los efectos del movimiento migratorio en el comportamiento reproductivo, sino también que la fecundidad en los países de origen pueda ser un determinante del proceso migratorio. Para ello, contemplamos la biografía reproductiva de las migrantes, tanto en el periodo previo como en el posterior al movimiento migratorio. Mediante los datos biográficos de la Encuesta Demográfica de Cataluña de 2007, se analiza la fecundidad de las mujeres inmigrantes en su ciclo de vida en relación con las autóctonas. Se utilizan tasas específicas de fecundidad por edad y se aplican modelos de duración que miden el riesgo relativo de que las mujeres inmigrantes tengan sus hijos antes o después del movimiento migratorio. El análisis considera la edad en el momento de la migración, el continente de origen y el estado conyugal cuando migran. Los resultados sugieren la identificación de cuatro efectos de la migración sobre la fecundidad: el efecto causal y el efecto de interrupción, como efectos premigratorios, y el efecto llegada y el efecto adaptación, como efectos postmigratorios.
Castles, Stephen y Miller, Mark J. (2009): The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in Modern World
Authors: Galeano Juan
Published: July 2016

Castles, Stephen y Miller, Mark J. (2009)The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in Modern WorldNueva York, Londres: The Guilford Press (4a ed.), 369 p.ISBN: 978-1-60623-070-1
L’estructura socioespacial de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona des d’una aproximació multimetòdica. Una proposta metodològica per a l’estudi de la diferenciació socioresidencial
Authors: Costa Losa Maria , Porcel López Sergio
Published: July 2016

Durant les darreres dues dècades, l’estudi de la segregació socioresidencial ha estat objecte d’una diversificació teòrica i metodològica com a resultat de la participació de disciplines diferents per analitzar-la. En aquest article, s’hi presenta una nova proposta metodològica, basada en un disseny multimetòdic que integra informació social i espacial, a partir de la qual s’identifiquen, s’analitzen i es representen els diferents tipus d’àrees socioresidencials de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona. Es tracta d’un model de triangulació complementària de dades quantitatives que corregeix les restriccions que les dades presenten per si soles i que permet analitzar l’objecte d’estudi de manera més profunda. Els resultats obtinguts no estan exempts d’algunes limitacions que també són element de reflexió a l’article.
Los paisajes agrarios de España. Caracterización, evolución y tipificación
Authors: Alegre Nadal Pau
Published: July 2016

MOLINERO, Fernando; OJEDA, Juan Francisco; TORT Joan (2011)Los paisajes agrarios de España. Caracterización, evolución y tipificaciónMadrid: Gobierno de España; Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino, 606 p. + 1 DVD.ISBN 978-84-491-1084-9
Minois, Georges (2011). Le poids du nombre: L’obsession du surpeuplement dans l’histoire
Authors: Pavón Gamero David
Published: July 2016

Minois, Georges (2011)Le poids du nombre: L’obsession du surpeuplement dans l’histoire París: Editions Perrin, 677 p. ISBN: 978-2-262-03224-1
Nogué, J., Puigbert, L., Bretcha, G. i Losantos, A. (eds.) (2012). Franges. Els paisatges de la perifèria
Authors: Pavón Gamero David
Published: July 2016

Nogué, J., Puigbert, L., Bretcha, G. i Losantos, A. (eds.) (2012) Franges. Els paisatges de la perifèria Olot: Observatori del Paisatge de Catalunya, 350 p. Col·lecció: Plecs de Paisatge. Sèrie: Reflexions, núm. 3 ISBN: 978-84-615-3681-8
Un geranium humboldtii al jardí geogràfic. Opinió pública, burgesia i paisatge als inicis de la geografia moderna
Authors: Lladó Mas Bernat
Published: July 2016

Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) fou un personatge central de la vida europea entre els segles xviii i xix. La seva obra escrita, que va des de la botànica fins a l’economia política, passant per la geografia i la geologia, permet seguir l’evolució del coneixement científic i filosòfic durant el període il·lustrat i romàntic. Alguns dels seus escrits generen, encara avui en dia, certa controvèrsia, en la mesura que s’han interpretat com un exemple clar d’allò que alguns autors anomenen la «presa indirecta del poder per part de la burgesia». En un moment històric en el qual el poder aristocràticofeudal encara era vigent a Europa, l’obra de Humboldt es pot llegir en clau revolucionària, és a dir, com un intent de despertar una nova consciència de classe a través del coneixement científic i geogràfic. Resseguir els passos i les estratègies de Humboldt ens pot ajudar a comprendre millor el rol que poden tenir la ciència i la filosofia en la formació d’un discurs crític.
Innovación y desarrollo endógeno en áreas rurales: el caso del Somontano de Barbastro (Huesca, España)
Authors: Hernández Navarro Maria Luz , Castelló Puig Ana , Alonso Logroño Maria Pilar , Pueyo Campos Ángel
Published: July 2016

En este trabajo se analiza la trayectoria reciente de la comarca del Somontano de Barbastro, en la provincia de Huesca. Su potencial de innovación se basa en los recursos endógenos revalorizados y reinterpretados, que tienen en cuenta los aspectos productivos y la dimensión social y cultural. Se han puesto en marcha actividades de desarrollo endógeno que han demostrado capacidad y habilidad para innovar a escala local. Nos ocupamos del Parque Cultural del Río Vero, de la Ruta del Vino y del Proyecto de Marca de Calidad Territorial.En estas actuaciones innovadoras, en su gestión y en la gestación del actual proyecto de desarrollo territorial ha sido muy importante la existencia de los recursos naturales, patrimoniales, artísticos y agroalimentarios o la formación de los agentes implicados. Pero el factor más importante del proyecto territorial de la comarca del Somontano es la calidad de la gobernanza, que ha hecho posible la competitividad territorial.
La emergencia de las «empresas de base humana» en España: ¿nuevo paradigma o consecuencia inevitable?
Authors: Valenzuela García Hugo , Molina José Luis
Published: July 2016

El artículo presenta una serie de estudios de caso etnográfico de empresas españolas de «base humana», denominadas de este modo por potenciar el factor humano como ventaja competitiva. Estas empresas poseen ciertos rasgos en común: operan en la economía del conocimiento, sus fundadores son talentosos jóvenes emprendedores, aplican conocimientos de las humanidades, son flexibles y cooperativas, realizan una gestión horizontal y no persiguen el lucro como único objetivo. Tales empresas despuntan en oposición a los modelos de gestión y producción empresarial e industrial tradicionales y ponen en primer plano la innovación centrada en las personas frente a la innovación tecnoeconómica clásica. Sin embargo, ¿son realmente pioneras?, ¿suponen un cambio de paradigma en la gestión y organización empresarial en nuestro país?, ¿o acaso son una consecuencia lógica de la producción flexible, la mercantilización expansiva del capitalismo tardío y un eco de iniciativas que irradian de otros centros neurálgicos empresariales?
Aldomà, Ignasi (2012). La batalla per l’aigua. Una proposta per superar els desconcerts hídrics i garantir la gestió integral del seu cicle a Catalunya
Authors: Ricart Casadevall Sandra
Published: July 2016

Aldomà, Ignasi (2012) La batalla per l’aigua. Una proposta per superar els desconcerts hídrics i garantir la gestió integral del seu cicle a Catalunya Lleida: Pagès editors, SL. 199 p. ISBN: 978-84-9975-213-6
La guerra de los Estados Unidos contra la inmigración. Efectos paradójicos
Authors: Massey Douglas S. , Pren Karen A.
Published: July 2016

A finales de la década de 1950, Estados Unidos permitía la entrada de aproximadamente medio millón de inmigrantes mexicanos al año, de los cuales 450.000 llegaban con visados de trabajo temporal y 50.000 lo hacían con visados de residentes permanentes. A mediados de la década de 1960, los cambios en la política migratoria de Estados Unidos realizados en nombre de los derechos civiles redujeron drásticamente las oportunidades de entrada legal en el país. Se eliminaron los visados de trabajo temporal y se limitaron los visados de residentes a 20.000 por año. Con las oportunidades de entrada legal restringidas, los flujos migratorios ya establecidos simplemente continuaron fuera de los límites legales, lo cual dio comienzo a una inesperada reacción en cadena de eventos que culminaron en una guerra total contra los inmigrantes y el rápido crecimiento —sin precedentes— de población residente no autorizada en Estados Unidos. El presente artículo demuestra que el aumento de inmigración indocumentada en los Estados Unidos y el incremento de la población sin papeles son un producto de políticas migratorias y fronterizas mal concebidas.
The Ever-Changing Landscape of Drug-Induced Injury of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Marginean Esmeralda Celia
Published: July 2016

Context.—There is an ever-growing armamentarium of pharmacologic agents that can cause gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal injury, the most common symptoms being diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. These are often self-limiting and without serious sequelae, but some symptoms are of greater concern, like drug-induced mucosal ulceration that can manifest as GI hemorrhage, stricture formation, and even perforation. Histologically, there is significant overlap between drug-induced injuries and various disease entities. A single type of medication may cause multiple patterns of injury, which can involve the entire GI tract or just some parts of it.

Objective.—To review the most common drug-induced injury patterns affecting the colon, which may be recognized by the surgical pathologist on colonic mucosal biopsies. This review does not address the injuries occurring in the upper GI tract.

Data Sources.—A PubMed review of English-language literature, up to December 2015, on drug-induced injury of GI tract was performed.

Conclusions.—There are numerous drugs that damage the colonic mucosa. The most common drugs are included in this review according to their histologic pattern of injury. It is important for the pathologist to keep in mind that a single drug type can induce many histologic patterns of mucosal injury that can mimic many disease entities. Although there are some histologic clues helpful in the diagnosis of drug-induced colonic injury, correlation with clinical history and especially medication history is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy.
The Oncological Safety of Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: A Systematic Review of the Literature with a Pooled Analysis of 12,358 Procedures
Authors: Headon Hannah Louise , Kasem Abdul , Mokbel Kefah
Published: July 2016

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is increasingly popular as a procedure for the treatment of breast cancer and as a prophylactic procedure for those at high risk of developing the disease. However, it remains a controversial option due to questions regarding its oncological safety and concerns regarding locoregional recurrence. This systematic review with a pooled analysis examines the current literature regarding NSM, including locoregional recurrence and complication rates. Systematic electronic searches were conducted using the PubMed database and the Ovid database for studies reporting the indications for NSM and the subsequent outcomes. Studies between January 1970 and January 2015 (inclusive) were analysed if they met the inclusion criteria. Pooled descriptive statistics were performed. Seventy-three studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis, yielding 12,358 procedures. After a mean follow up of 38 months (range, 7.4–156 months), the overall pooled locoregional recurrence rate was 2.38%, the overall complication rate was 22.3%, and the overall incidence of nipple necrosis, either partial or total, was 5.9%. Significant heterogeneity was found among the published studies and patient selection was affected by tumour characteristics. We concluded that NSM appears to be an oncologically safe option for appropriately selected patients, with low rates of locoregional recurrence. For NSM to be performed, tumours should be peripherally located, smaller than 5 cm in diameter, located more than 2 cm away from the nipple margin, and human epidermal growth factor 2-negative. A separate histopathological examination of the subareolar tissue and exclusion of malignancy at this site is essential for safe oncological practice. Long-term follow-up studies and prospective cohort studies are required in order to determine the best reconstructive methods.
Modeling Enterprise Authorization: A Unified Metamodel and Initial Validation
Authors: Korman Matus , Lagerström Robert , Ekstedt Mathias
Published: July 2016

Authorization and its enforcement, access control, have stood at the beginning of the art and science of information security, and remain being crucial pillar of security in the information technology (IT) and enterprises operations. Dozens of different models of access control have been proposed. Although Enterprise Architecture as the discipline strives to support the management of IT, support for modeling access policies in enterprises is often lacking, both in terms of supporting the variety of individual models of access control nowadays used, and in terms of providing a unified ontology capable of flexibly expressing access policies for all or the most of the models. This study summarizes a number of existing models of access control, proposes a unified metamodel mapped to ArchiMate, and illustrates its use on a selection of example scenarios and two business cases.
REDEN: Named Entity Linking in Digital Literary Editions Using Linked Data Sets
Authors: Brando Carmen , Frontini Francesca , Ganascia Jean-Gabriel
Published: July 2016

This paper proposes a graph-based Named Entity Linking (NEL) algorithm named REDEN for the disambiguation of authors’ names in French literary criticism texts and scientific essays from the 19th and early 20th centuries. The algorithm is described and evaluated according to the two phases of NEL as reported in current state of the art, namely, candidate retrieval and candidate selection. REDEN leverages knowledge from different Linked Data sources in order to select candidates for each author mention, subsequently crawls data from other Linked Data sets using equivalence links (e.g., owl:sameAs), and, finally, fuses graphs of homologous individuals into a non-redundant graph well-suited for graph centrality calculation; the resulting graph is used for choosing the best referent. The REDEN algorithm is distributed in open-source and follows current standards in digital editions (TEI) and semantic Web (RDF). Its integration into an editorial workflow of digital editions in Digital humanities and cultural heritage projects is entirely plausible. Experiments are conducted along with the corresponding error analysis in order to test our approach and to help us to study the weaknesses and strengths of our algorithm, thereby to further improvements of REDEN.
Expansion of the tuning range of injection-seeded terahertz-wave parametric generator up to 5 THz
Authors: Murate Kosuke , Hayashi Shin’ichiro , Kawase Kodo
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we report the improvement of the frequency tuning range of an injection-seeded terahertz (THz)-wave parametric generator (is-TPG). A significant previous limitation was the high absorption coefficient in the higher-frequency region of a MgO:LiNbO3 crystal. Here, we inclined the crystal slightly, so that a fraction of the pump beam was internally reflected at the THz-wave exit surface of the crystal. In this configuration, it was easier for a higher-frequency THz wave to reach the crystal surface, because the center core region of the pump beam was closer to the exit surface. As a result, the upper limit of the frequency tuning range increased from 3.0 to 5.0 THz.