bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault Assessment and Mitigation of the 132kV Transmission Line in Nigeria using Improved Resonant Fault Current Limiting (RFCL) Protection Scheme
Authors: Idoniboyeobu D. C. , Braide S. L. , Chioma Wigwe Elsie
Published: February 2022

This research work proposed an improved Resonant Fault Current Limiting (RFCL) protection scheme to reduce the impact of three-phase short-circuit faults in a power system sub-transmission network. The model used an interpolator-extrapolator technique based on a Resonant Fault Current Limiter (RFCL) for automating the procedure of predicting the required reactor value that must be in resonant circuit to limit the short-circuit current values to permissible values. Using the developed model, short-circuit fault simulations on the three phases of the transmission line (Phase A-C) were performed in the MATLAB-SIMULINK environment. Simulation results were obtained by varying the resonant inductance (reactor) parameter of the RFCL circuit for each of the phases to obtain permissible short-circuit current levels and the values used to program a functional interpolator-extrapolator in MATLAB; the resonant values were typically set to values of inductance equal to 0.001H, 0.01H and from 0.1H to 0.5H in steps of 0.1H. Simulation results revealed the presence of very high short-circuit current levels at low values of the resonant inductor. From the results of simulations, there are indications that the RFCL approach is indeed very vital in the reduction of the short circuit current values during the fault and can safeguard the circuit breaker mechanism in the examined power system sub-transmission system. In addition, lower fault clearing times can be obtained at higher values of inductances; however, the clearance times start to converge at inductance values of 0.1H and above.
Computation and Improvement of JIT Performance Index for Better Productivity
Authors: Kumar Surender , Dev Vishnu , Jaiswal Swati
Published: February 2022

Manufacturing organization experiences highly volatile market due to the technological updates, customer needs, environmental issues and competitor’s product. The ultimate objective of the manufacturing industries today is to provide the market with products of the highest quality, at reasonable prices, at the optimal time. Just-in-time (JIT) has been widely implemented in manufacturing industries as a survival strategy against global market competition as it offers various benefits, such as greater throughput, higher productivity and better quality. The aim of the paper is to discuss few strategic issues and some important rules for getting the system off the ground. The procedure for planning and implementation along with global status and pay off has been discussed critically. A designed questionnaire for self test has also been given along with evaluation criteria to identify the weakness and strength of the company for successful implementation of JITmanufacturing strategy. It also gives a methodology for computation and improvement of performance index using the principle of continuous improvement.This paper focuses on how to enhance the productivity/ performance index while applyingsystematically, scientifically basic principles of JIT approaches. The design guidelines are applied to a small scale industry as a case example.The ideas presented in the paper will be useful for those who want to implement JIT manufacturing in their organizations.
Discoloration Study of Azo Dye Solution Using the Fenton Process
Authors: Wakrim Asmaa , Byoud Fouzia , El Ghachtouli Sanae , Jamal Eddine Jamal , Azzi-Martin Lamia , Azzi Mohammed
Published: February 2022

The discoloration of Carmoisine at an initial concentration of 1 g/L, by the Fenton process (Fe2+/ H2O2) has been studied. The efficiency of this process in the discoloration of Carmoisine, as well as the influence of the reaction parameters, was discussed. The effects of initial pH, Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations, and treatment duration on the discoloration kinetic were evaluated. Our results showed that the best discoloration efficiency has reached 94 % and was achieved in 20 minutes of treatment with 3.57 mmol/L Fe2+, 194.1 mmol/L H2O2, at pH = 3. The discoloration kinetics of the carmoisine followed the BMG model.
Delineating Drought Risk Areas Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems– A Case Study of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Korada Nicholas , Sekac Tingneyuc , Jana Sujoy Kumar , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: February 2022

In the highlands of Papua New Guinea, rain-fed subsistence farming has been the main source of food and small cash earnings for the majority of the rural population. Consequently, as a result of elongated period of drought, reduction in food and water supply bring forth starvation / malnutrition led sickness and death, especially when authorities fail to intervene because inaccessibility and  remoteness of the highly dissected terrain, as a result relief and basic services don’t reach the hungry mouth on time. Such conditions were reported recently in many parts of Papua New Guinea especially prevalent in coastal regions and uplands of the highlands region. In this study, GIS and Remote Sensing (RS) technology were employed in highlighting and demarcating potential drought risk zones in Western Highlands Province. Basically, several environmental factors like; soil types, NDVI, rainfall, terrain, population demography and surface temperature were prepared and integrated in GIS environment through multi-criteria evaluation techniques where risk areas were identified. The final output generated from factors integration were then assessed and reclassified to indicate levels of drought risk zones from Low, Medium and High. Hence, several built-up areas where then marked on each risk zones in an attempt to highlight the location, distribution and accessibility in respect to the risk areas identified.
DNS Tunneling Detection Using Feedforward Neural Network
Authors: Bubnov Yakov
Published: February 2022

This paper addresses a problem of detecting Domain Name System (DNS) tunneling in a computer network. Unauthorized data transfer exploits DNS tunneling technique to conceal network activity in a regular DNS traffic. Contemporary intrusion prevention equipment does not provide reasonable protection from sensitive information stealing. Given the DNS queries from both legitimate and adversary clients this paper proposes a machine-learning method of distinguishing tunneling strategies. More precisely, it describes a multi-label model of feedforward neural network that classifies some of well-known tunneling strategies counting legitimate traffic. The paper contains analysis of classification quality and accuracy of the developed model.
Strategies of NOx Emission Reduction for Diesel Engines
Authors: Nam Cao Dao , Le Van Vang
Published: February 2022

Diesel engines are more efficient than forced ignition engines but due to diffused combustion and work with high air residue levels, burning products contain soot and NOx, pollutants that work Handling it on the road today still has many technical problems. The technology of organizing the combustion of diesel engines directly affects the level of pollution generated. Direct injection diesel engines have a lower fuel consumption than a combustion engine with a separation of about 10% and a lower level of soot emissions when the engine is operating in local loading mode. However, direct injection engines work noisier and generate more pollutants (NOx, HC). Today, this type of combustion chamber is only used for heavy-duty truck engines. Limiting the optimal emission level for diesel engines needs to balance the concentration of the two main pollutants, NOx and soot. Low temperature combustion (LTC) engines need different enabling technologies depending on the fuel and strategy used to achieve combustion of the premixed fuel–air mixture. Controlling the combustion rate is one of the major challenges in LTC engines, particularly in PPCI combustion engine to achieve higher thermal ef?ciency, the desired phasing of combustion timings is essential even at moderate combustion rates. Present chapter describes the combustion control variables and control strategies used for LTC engines. Various methods demonstrated to control the LTC engines can be categorized in to two main strategies: (i) altering pressure–temperature and (ii) altering fuel reactivity of the charge.
Thermal Performance Improvement Study of a Solar Collector with Compound Parabolic Concentrator
Authors: Al Imam Md. Forhad Ibne , Beg Rafiqul Alam , Rahman Shamimur
Published: February 2022

Heating water with solar energy is easy and effective in both domestic and industrial areas. The initial implementation cost of a solar-water-heating system is high but long term use of it makes it cost effective. For geographical location, Bangladesh is very suitable for using it. In a solar collector system, collector area is an important design factor. To achieve better thermal performance, 0.81m2 solar collector was used in this study. Commonly used flat plate collector takes more space to be installed. In Bangladesh, space on the roofs of houses and industries are limited and so there is a little scope to use flat plate collector system. Compound parabolic collector can solve this problem. Solar collector with compound parabolic collector needs less space than flat plate collector with reflector. When compound parabolic concentrator was attached with the solar collector, thermal performance improves. Compare with other alternatives that improve thermal efficiency, compound parabolic concentrator shows better thermal performance. Compare thermal efficiency of the consecutive three months. In this system, when water flow rate increase, outlet water temperature decrease but thermal efficiency increases. It is also observed that when solar intensity increases, thermal efficiency also increases likewise when solar intensity decreases, thermal efficiency also decreases. In this research, outputs of different similar researches are compared to show the effectiveness of the compound parabolic concentrator based solar collector. The compound parabolic concentrator reflects more solar radiation, eventually directs it to the collector and increased the difference between the inlet and outlet water temperature.
Building the Method for Calculation of Heating System Applied to High-Kinematic Viscosity Fuels
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc Quy Phong , Dong Thi Minh Hao
Published: February 2022

Environmental pollution in transportation is very serious. Finding alternative fuels is becoming increasingly urgent in order to minimize environmental pollution and diversify fuel sources for marine engines. In alternative fuels, bio-oils are considered as a potential fuel. The paper presents theoritical findings on application of exhaust energy for heating up biodiesel/bio-oil used in ship engines in order to raise the fuel’s viscosity and to improve the volatizing and mixing abilities with ambient air. This fuel heating system is designed basing on the energy balance between the required energy to raise the fuel temperature to the target one and the energy either directly obtained from the exhaust gas or gained from intermediate medium. Results of this study are potentials to direct the design and fabrication of this bio-fuels heating system for ship engines which can meet the operating conditions and safety issues of this kind of engines.
Factor Fluctuation in Super Short Avalanche Electron Propagation
Authors: Pinilla Omar Rodriguez , Ortiz Fernando Díaz , Gómez Carlos , Hurtado M Mikel F
Published: February 2022

Compact Intracloud Discharges (CID) and most of Transient Luminous Events (TLE) are two known microsecond-pulse discharges related to electrical activity of thunderclouds. However, their nature and relationship with other cloud discharges still unclear. Few theoretical models had been proposed to explain the nature of this phenomenon. Some proposed models involved the effects of runaway electron avalanches (REA) and relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREA) as essential part of the aforementioned discharges. In this work, an initial stage is done to propose new models to explain behavior of CID and TLE. Thus, it is simulated the propagation of a charged particle for a short distance, emulating a supershort avalanche electron beam (SAEB). Specifically, first results presented come from simulating the displacement of a charged particle and finding its fluctuation factor by means of perturbations theory. Other works on this issue has been done using different approaches namely, Feynman integrals with similar outcomes. Perturbation theory is used because in order to allow a future interaction in the model among particles, the terms of the perturbation series can be manipulated using Feynman diagrams. Initial conditions assumed for this work are: unit cell, anisotropic volume and N molecules inside the volume with no interaction. Three relevant conclusions can be exposed from the results, the simulation is coherent with the obtained results using Feynman integrals approach and the equations make possible to predict the amount of photons generated during the avalanche. Finally, it is possible to model charged particle generation through annihilation of variations of electric potential. Future work includes update the model to consider the interaction among molecules and perform experimental validation of the proposed model.
Assessment of Some Bacteria from Panteka Stream, Kaduna, Nigeria, for their Larvicidal Activity Against Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Ndibe Thankgod Ositadinma , Nwabufo Nancy Erika , Usman Johnson John , Eugene Winnie Chuno
Published: February 2022

It is obvious that malaria is one of the commonest diseases in Africa, hence the need to embark on a study to reduce its transmission by eliminating the vector. Some microorganisms are known to have larvicidal activity leading to destruction of mosquito larvae, thereby, preventing them from metamorphosing into adult mosquitoes that can transmit Plasmodium spp. Panteka stream, Kaduna, Nigeria, is a dumping site for refuse and automobile waste and thus, a potential source of bacteria. This present investigation was aimed at screening bacterial isolates for their larvicidal activity against Anopheles gambiae. Standard methods were employed in sample collection, isolation, morphological, biochemical identification and protein profiling of these bacteria isolates. Five different types of bacteria were identified; Bacillus thuringiensis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sedentarius, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pneumonia. Among these bacteria, B. thuringiensis exhibited the most larvicidal activity, followed by M. sedentarius. On the basis of lethal concentration (LC50), B. thuringiensis exhibited the highest lethal activity against Anopheles gambiae larvae at 48 hour duration of exposure. Results showed that concentration of bacterial isolates and duration of exposure of larvae to the bacterial isolates, determine the mortality rate of larvae. Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed variable bands between B. thuringiensis and M. sedentarius, which might have accounted for their differences in larvicidal activity. The use of bacteria for the control of mosquito larvae is highly recommended. Further research should be conducted to search for more bacteria and possibly fungi which have potentials for larvicidal activity.
Robust and Reliable Vertical Handoff Technique for Next Generation Wireless Networks
Authors: Jayasheela C S , Gowrishankar Dr
Published: February 2022

Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWNs) focus on providing consistent Quality of Service (QoS) to network users; to achieve this goal, Cooperative Communication (CC) framework is popularly utilized. Here, multiple wireless networks cooperate to provide consistent QoS to the user. Vertical Handoff (VH) is one of the extensively used techniques in CC framework. Here, the user, whose original network is unable to provide requested QoS is migrated to neighboring wireless network--which can deliver the requested QoS. In the literature, raft of techniques have been presented for VH. However, almost all these techniques have ignored formal methods to analyze reliability and robustness of handoff decisions, which are extremely essential to support the merits of handoff decisions. In this work, formal methods to analyze reliability and robustness of handoff decisions are presented. The proposed VH technique is achieved through Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) architecture. Simulation results exhibit the relative merits of the proposed VH technique in-terms of reliability and robustness against contemporary VH technique.
Permeability Estimation Model from Grain Size Sieve Analysis: Data of Onshore Central Niger Delta
Authors: Ubani Chikwendu E. , Ani Goodness O. , Womiloju Toluope T.
Published: February 2022

Permeability is an important property of the soil and studies have shown that grain size distribution is a controlling factor to this property. Establishing an empirical equation that shows the relationship between permeability and grain size has been previously investigated by several researchers, all of whom have been able to develop models for fast permeability prediction using grain size data. But because of the complexity of permeability and the Earth’s anisotropic nature, the confidence level of using this models is low as was seen when a comparison was carried out in this project using some of these models. The aim of this project is to develop a model using grain sieve analysis data for permeability prediction tailored to the Niger Delta region. Using statistica7 software, multiple regression analysis was performed on the grain size distribution data from sieve analysis using parameters P10, P90 and mean grain size distribution. Three models were developed for permeability ranges of less than 10mD to greater than 10000mD with R2 values of (0.857, 0.820, 0.939) showing a good data and regression fitting and R values of (0.926, 0.906, 0.969) showing strong positive correlation between variables. Permeability values obtained from routine core analysis was compared to the predicted permeability gotten from the model equation produced by the regression analysis. The models displayed good correlation with the routine core analysis values as seen on the validation charts plotted. A coloured schemed 3-D surface plot was generated to display the integrated effect of the grain size and density on permeability. The sensitivity analysis carried out showed that proper grain sorting is essential in permeability prediction.
Re-Reflection Effect On Shock Waves in Two-Phase Flows through a Tube of Variable Cross-Section
Authors: Pandey Kanti
Published: February 2022

In present paper Re-reflection  effect on  shock –waves in two-phase flows through a tube of variable cross-section is considered when particle  volume fraction appeared as an additional variable .It is concluded that re-reflected effects reduce the cross sectional  area .For two-phase flows when equilibrium is eventually established , presence of particle volume fraction , further reduce  the cross – sectional area. One dimensional area relation for a non – uniform , steady flow ahead of a shock   is obtained and concluded that  all the results are valid for the case   when  direction of the shock motion and the gas flow ahead of the  shock is same  .  In preparation of graphs Mathematica 7 is used .
Using Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Tester to Determine CBR and Bearing Pressures of Subsurface Soils in Parts of Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Nwanya Anthony C. , Okeke O. C.
Published: February 2022

Using dynamic cone penetrometer tester (DCPT) to determine the CBR and bearing pressure of subsurface soils in parts of Owerri, southeastern Nigeria were investigated in this study. Six (6) DCPT were measured to the depth of 6 m. The data obtained from field DCP test was plotted on the graph of penetration resistance (mm/blow) versus penetration depth (m); which revealed the soil profile of three layers with different penetration consistencies and resistances. The highest PR (mm/blow) recorded was 11.4 mm/blow and the lowest is 55.5 mm/blow.  The layers encountered during the measurement ranges from loose, medium and dense soils, where the average thicknesses of loose layers ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 m, medium layers 0.5 to 3.0 m and dense layers 3.0 to 6 m. The average CBR values recorded at interval of 1m to 6 m depths are as follows: 5%, 8%, 12%, 15%, 16% and 16%. Accordingly, the averages bearing pressures calculated were 104.8 KN/m2, 165.5 KN/m2, 231.9 KN/m2, 283.3 KN/m2, 291.5 KN/m2 and 301.1 KN/m2. It shows significant increase in strength with depths.
Development of Series Resonant Inverters for Induction Heating Applications
Authors: Sayed Khairy , Abo-Elyousr Farag , Abdelbar Farid N. , El-zohri Heba
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes a cost-effective series resonant inverter employed in applications of induction heating. The proposed inverter operates with high-frequency pulse-density modulation strategy for soft-switching. The high-frequency operation (20 kHz – 100 kHz) of this inverter results in a nearly sinusoidal output that is suitable for relatively fixed output applications such as induction heating. The series resonance circuit comprises an inductor and a capacitor that are in series with the load. The small size of resonating components is due to the high-frequency switching operation. The practical effectiveness of induction heating power supply is substantially proved by implementing a prototype series resonant inverter. To analyze the performance, comparison between the simulation and experimental results is done by using PSIM program
Analysis of Controlled Single-phase Full-Wave Rectifier with RL Load
Authors: Onah Aniagboso John
Published: February 2022

Diodes are popularly used in rectifiers, which convert an ac signal into a unidirectional signal. They produce a fixed output voltage only. However, controlled switches such as thyristors are used to vary the output voltage of a converter by adjusting the delay or firing angle ? of the thyristors. Phase-controlled converters are simple, efficient and less expensive. There are both single-phase and three-phase converters depending on the input supply. We also have half-wave and full-wave converters. The half-wave converter has only one polarity of output voltage and current, while for the full converter, the polarity of the output voltage can be either positive or negative. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the operation of the Single-phase full-wave rectifier. Load current for the controlled full-wave rectifier with R-L load can be either discontinuous or continuous. The paper shows how the rectifier transits from discontinuous current operation to continuous current operation.
Computer Aided Analysis of Rotating Equipment Availability in Petrochemical Carbon Black Plant
Authors: Jewo Andrew
Published: February 2022

High availability of industrial plant could only be achieved by adopting best global maintenance practices (computer software). In this research work, a software module was developed using programming tools such as Visual Basic (V.B) 6.0, Structured Query Language (SQL) and Microsoft Access. Operational data were collected from Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company and was input into the developed software to analyze the plant availability. The performance test results obtained by the software for a five year period (2009-2013) showed that the software developed is consistently close to 100% accuracy. The output result indicates that the plant availability in 2009 is 9.59%; 2010 is 5.75%; 2011 is 7.12%; 2012 is 1.64% and 2013 is 6.30%. This highly fluctuating and low availability of raw material, inadequate maintenance strategies, aging plant and equipment, lack of spare parts stock for preventive and corrective maintenance for emergency, lack of standby (backup) equipment and utility constraints. It was observed that the aforementioned reasons invariably resulted to constant failure of plant availability could greatly be improved by adopting best global maintenance practices which include the deployment of appropriate software tools.
Network Performance of Contention Window in VANET
Authors: Bhuyan Nasimul Hyder Maruf , Alam Sabrina
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we tried to presented the effect of different contention window (CW) size in a realistic road environment with mobility management and different propagation loss model was implemented in ns-3. We focus on the WAVE module of ns-3. Our contribution is to create a realistic two-lane both way highway road environment surrounding by fields, low-rise commercial buildings, street lamps and road signs for vehicular safety messages are Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) and Decentralized Event Notification Message (DENM). Medium to low traffic density. On the other section, we describe in detail the simulation setup scenario during the implementation. Finally, we present our simulation results that we obtained from the highway scenario.
Ovarian Cancer risk factors and Their Mechanism of Action
Authors: Adaranijo Modinat Jolade , Bach Christian
Published: February 2022

Ovarian cancer continues to be one of the deadliest and lethal form of gynecological cancer affecting younger and older woman. Understanding various factors that could lead to ovarian cancer and how they are able to drive its progression, metastasis and survival might help in its treatment and prevention. This paper aims to review different risk factors both genetic and environmental that could lead to the development of ovarian cancer and their mechanism of action. The research methods used in this study follows the principles outlined by [1]. It is a comprehensive literature review on ovarian cancer risk factor. The role of genetics and environmental risk factors in ovarian carcinogenesis and their mechanism of action created a theoretical foundation of the paper. A new model is presented to encapsulate highly dynamic interaction between ovarian carcinogenesis and the mechanism of action of some associated risk factors. The contribution of the study is intended to review and summarize the theoretical and empirical knowledge that should inspire new discussions and directions for further research activity. The model highlights various factors that can trigger the development of ovarian cancer namely; TP53, BRCA genes, Cigarette smoke and Talc powder and how they are able to promote ovarian cancer. Various have been done about how mutation of certain genes and some environmental factors could lead to ovarian carcinogenesis. However, more research is needed to further understand how their mechanism of action. The content of this paper will be useful in devising a better screening, treatment and preventive measure towards the ovarian cancer. This study provides an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge of ovarian cancer to efficiently aid medical practitioners and researchers to device better prevention and treatment plan to combat ovarian cancer.
The Response of a Prestressed Beam-type Structure subjected to Partially Distributed Load Moving at Non-Uniform Velocities
Authors: Oni Sunday Tunbosun , Ogunbamike Oluwatoyin Kehinde
Published: February 2022

The transverse vibration of a prismatic Rayleigh beam resting on bi-parametric Vlasov foundation and continuously acted upon by partially distributed masses moving at varying velocities is investigated. For the solution of the fourth order partial differential equation with singular and variable coefficients, use is made of the technique based on the Generalized Finite Fourier Integral Transform, Struble’s asymptotic technique and the use of Fresnel sine and cosine identities. Numerical results in plotted curves are presented. The results show that the response amplitude of the beam traversed by a distributed load moving with variable velocity decrease with an increase in the value of foundation modulus, Other structural parameters such as axial force, rotatory inertia and shear modulus are also found to reduce the displacement response of the beam as their values are increased in the dynamical system.  The results also show that the critical speed for the system traversed by a moving distributed force is found to be greater than that traversed by moving mass. This confirms that the inertia effect of the moving distributed load must be considered for accurate and safe assessment of the response to moving distributed load of elastic structural members.
UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method and Validation of Organic Compounds
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Moiz
Published: February 2022

Absorption and emission of radiation by a compound at different wavelengths in visible and ultra violet region forms an analytical tool for identification of organic compounds. Researchers and scientists from different fields of chemistry and life sciences are constantly in search of an alternate ways to analyze the chemical reactions involving organic and inorganic compounds. The UV-Visible spectroscopic technique serves as an important and simple technique in finding concentration of molecules in a solution, identification the functional groups identification of conjugated organic compounds. The molar absorption coefficient is an intrinsic property of species, and may be treated as a fingerprint to an organic compound. This papers presents a systematic and detailed validation of organic compounds with the molar absorption coefficient in UV-visible region.
Influence of Different Rates of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) Fertilizers on Growth and nutrient use efficiency of Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Saufe Nur Aqilah , Sulaiman Zulkefly , Adekunle Salisu Monsuru , Samad Mohd Yusoff A. , Yusoff Martini Mohammad
Published: February 2022

The effect of N and P on nutrient concentrations, growth and vegetative traits of rubber (RRIM 2025) clone was evaluated. The treatments consisted 9 combinations of nitrogen (Urea) and phosphorus (Christmas Island Rock Phosphate – CIRP) with fixed rate of potassium (1.5 g per plant). The treatments were applied at different rates T1 (39.49 g), T2 (42.10 g), T3 (38.18 g), T4 (27.28 g) and T5 (26.10 g).  The seedlings were planted in 15 cm x 30 cm filled with an Oxisol soil. Soil containing treatment (T2) significantly increased the seedlings growth like height and girth size than the remaining treatments. The results found that seedlings grown with T2 recorded higher chlorophyll content than the seedlings that were grown with T1, T4 and T5. Noticeably seedlings that was grown with T1 (39.49 g), T2 (42.10 g), and T3 (38.18 g) significantly had a higher shoot dry weight (SDW) than seedlings that were grown with T4 (27.28 g) and T5 (26.10 g). The same scenario was noticed in total dry weight (TDW) of the seedlings where T1 (68.64 g), T2 (73.30 g) and T3 (67.08) significantly recorded higher total dry weight than seedlings that were grown with T4 (50.29 g) and T5 (48.86 g).  The result shows reflected a correlation between the SDW and TDW with respect to similar influence of the treatments on both the vegetative traits. Higher nitrogen content was recorded in seedlings rubber that were grown with T2 (3.57%) and significantly different from the seedlings that were grown with other treatments. The results of this study showed that higher dosage of fertilizer may not be necessary for the rubber seedlings. Application of fertilizers at the rate T2 which contains 2.0 g urea/plant and 7.5 g CIRP/plant could be considered as the optimum amount of fertilizer required for the rubber seedlings.
A Study of Mechanical Properties of Vibration Assisted Arc Welding Joint
Authors: Pavel Mahmudul Hasan , Rakib Nuruzzaman , Habib Mohammad Ahsan , Sanin Ahmed Yousuf , Salman Asif
Published: February 2022

Welding is one of the major aspects of manufacturing as well as mechanical engineering. The strength of the metal joint depends on the type of welding used.  Quality of metal joining strength can be improved with a few changes in the regular welding process. A few factors that improve metal jointing strength during the arc welding process had been studied in this paper. Research in welding process shows that Vibration can improve mechanical properties of the joining section. However, welding joint quality varies with different ranges of parameters in different conditions. To analyze those ranges of parameters in some selected conditions, a study has been performed in this paper. Some input parameters like vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, welding speed and electrode angle are selected to analyze the variation in the welded joint. For analyzing the results, output parameters –bending strength and dilution rate are calculated. It has been found that if all input parameters are kept in a selected range then output parameters –bending strength, the percentage of dilution increases than the regular case. Finally, it can be shown that Bending strength and percentage of dilution of a metal joint assisted with vibration shows the better result than without vibration.
Assessment of Alternative Manufacturing Work Cells for SMEs
Authors: Rehman Ateekh Ur
Published: February 2022

Globally small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) are confronting serious challenges due to dynamic market demands. In pursuit of such situations they opt to be lean and flexible. Their demand have numerous varieties in product geometry and manufacturing processes. To cater such demand among the several existing strategies, reconfigurable manufacturing work cell (RWC) is the most prudent choice owing to its numerous benefits. This study offer an assessment lens to those who look for reconfiguration of their manufacturing setup. It is prudent to consider various RWC alternatives while wanting to reconfigure existing configuration change from time to time. The paper proposes a grey relational approach coupled with fuzzy analytical hierarchy weight to evaluate alternative RWCs. The simulation platform is adopted to exhibit performance of each RWC. The developed approach is to aid decision makers in identifying the most suitable RWC for the SME.
Bridge Device for Mounting and Local Adjustment of Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Georgiev Stiliyan Yordanov , Kolev Hristo Gospodinov , Todorov Petko Alexandrov
Published: February 2022

The remote sensor networks are used for collecting area-specific data and retransmit them through radio for further processing. For proper mounting and initial functional test of sensors as part of a larger sensor field system is comfortably to use portable bridge devise for mounting and local adjustment of sensor system. The devise translates the sensor system radio communication channel to the widely used Bluetooth standard. Such way any available smart devise can be used as input-output terminal for communication and adjustment of sensors part of the sensor system. The created radio bridge device is compact, functional, cheap and a useful addition to any LoRa sensor system.
Study on Thin Airfoil Theory & Performance Test of Elliptical Wing as Compared to Model Mosquito Wing and NACA 64A012 Mod Airfoil
Authors: Ali Nesar , Komol Mostafizur Rahman , Saki Mohammad Takiuddin
Published: February 2022

Thin airfoil theory is a simple conception of airfoils that describes angle of attack to lift for incompressible, inviscid flows. It was first devised by famous German-American mathematician Max Munk and therewithal refined by British aerodynamicist Hermann Glauertand others in the 1920s. The thin airfoil theory idealizes that the flow around an airfoil as two-dimensional flow around a thin airfoil. It can be conceived as addressing an airfoil of zero thickness and infinite wingspan. Thin airfoil theory was particularly citable in its day because it provided a well-established theoretical basis for the following important prominence of airfoils in two-dimensional flow like i) on a symmetric shape of airfoil which center of pressure and aerodynamic center remain exactly one quarter of the chord behind the leading edge, ii) on a cambered airfoil, the aerodynamic center lies exactly one quarter of the chord behind the leading edge and iii)the slope of the lift coefficient versus angle of attack line is two pi ( ) units per radian. The fundamental equation of Prandtl’s lifting-line theory; simply states that the geometric angle of attack is equal to the sum of the effective angle plus the induced angle of attack. And also omitted the theory of elliptical wing theory which indicates that the Elliptical wing has better flight performance than any other airfoil. In this experiment we made a model of elliptical wing and test in wind tunnel to get experimental value. We also analyze the model in simulation software for further knowledge. Comparing this practical and experimental value to other airfoil like Mosquito wing and NACA 64A012 airfoil for further research.
Applications and Contributions of Physics to the Surface Treatment Process of Materials. Part II: Other Treatments
Authors: Alvarez Omar , Barba A. , Rojas A. , González R. , Valdez R. , Covelo A. , Hernández M.
Published: February 2022

In this second part another group of processes of surface treatment of materials in which has been employed a series of principles of the Physics are reviewed. Using technologies that employ these principles it is possible to modify the surface of materials in order to obtain improvements in their behavior, specially in regard to increasing their corrosion, wear or fatigue resistance. In particular, this work describes the processes of flame and induction hardening, surface treatments using laser beam, treatments that use concentrated solar energy and finally the processes of physical vapor deposition. All of them of industrial application, with the exception of the use of concentrated solar energy which, however, has an important potential due to the current situation of the renewable energies.
Performance Evaluation of Biogas Yields Potential from Co-Digestion of Water Hyacinth and Kitchen Waste
Authors: Ifeanyi Ukwuaba Samuel
Published: February 2022

Solid wastes are generated and dump indiscriminately in Nigeria due to poor implementation of standards, thus causing environmental and public health hazards. Nigeria generates more than 32 million tons of solid waste annually, out of which only 20-30% is collected and disposed in an open dump site. Different researchers have reported that organic waste fraction of solid waste generated in Nigeria has the highest percentage which is over 50%. However, this fraction of organic waste is yet to be properly utilized for biogas production. This research work is focused on the performance evaluation of biogas potential yields from co-digestion of kitchen wastes and water hyacinth. A 0.030m3 anaerobic mild steel digester was fabricated and used to digest the composition of water hyacinth and kitchen wastes. The experiment was conducted under mesophilic temperature range and a pH range of 6.0-7.4. The results obtained show that a cumulative biogas yield of 0.0499m3 was obtained from 30kg of substrates composition of kitchen waste and water hyacinth. Besides, optimum biogas yields were obtained at optimum mesophilic temperature.
Role of Big Data in Business and Information Technology
Authors: Patil Deepali Deoram
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to evaluate the significance of the impact of big data in various fields and determine its future in those areas. A comprehensive review of literature on influence and trends of big data variables with respect to different fields built hypothetical foundation of the paper. The big data is a tremendous amount of structured and unstructured data that provides major insights into a particular field which further supports the decision-making systems and builds the foundation of company’s competitiveness. Data contributes in the processing, evaluation, understanding and decision-making steps. Big data influences every area that constitutes of pools of data. This proposed paper is beneficial to accumulate the knowledge regarding the hidden patterns and insights of big data variables and assess the value of it in major areas such as business and information technology.
Speed of Light Measurement with a Simple Way
Authors: Voudoukis Nikolaos f.
Published: February 2022

A method for a measurement of the speed of light is described. It is used a combination of simple, low-cost experiments. We will try to measure the wavelength and frequency of light and then we will determine the speed of light using the fundamental equation of wave. The measuring of wavelength based on the phenomenon of light interference or the phenomenon of light diffraction. The measuring of frequency based on the fact that the energy of a photon is proportional to the voltage needed to cause electrons to flow. The experiments are accessible to upper secondary school (or to college) students and particular to non-major science or engineering students. Experimental setup and equipment details are given. Also limitations of the method and experimental results are analyzed.
The Nexus of Statutory Allocation to the Public Water Sector and Population Density of Nigerian States
Authors: Egwunatum Samuel Ikechukwu , Ogbeh Ambrose O.
Published: February 2022

This paper posits that lack of maintenance, planning and bad governance including corruption led to the failure of the Nigerian public water supply system.  A reconnaissance literature survey showed that virtually every city has decayed public taps and infrastructure causing most rural dwellers to trek long distances to obtain water for use with spurious quality. These are inspite of grants and interventions from international donors and credit agencies including the World Bank.  Against this backdrop, an investigation was caused to examine the correspondence between financial allocation to the sector and every swelling population.  Using analysis of variance for a test population of 20 states from the 36 states in Nigeria with data from National Bureau of Statistics and National Planning Commission, results showed that linearity of statutory allocation was positive with the population density of states with R2 values at < 10%.  Also, financial allocations to water supply over the period (1994 – 1996) were unstable occasioned by political and economic instability in the country.  Further, the study observed that the epileptic water supply gave to private participation to provide portable drinking water which was hitherto alien to developing economies.  The paper recommends that state governments should adopt a responsive model that will adjust allocations to water projects
Spectral Band Optical Analysis for Shape and Material of Terrestrial Imaging by Using Remote Sensing Technique
Authors: Hameed Safaa Mustafa , Mohammed Abdulrazak A. S.
Published: February 2022

Photogrammetric grid is the generation of processing system (which is one of the remote sensing techniques) with efficiency developed based on imaging and computer cluster parallel processing; the new application of photogrammetric technique has been applied on the Castel-Gate of Erbil city. It is a way of analyzing the objects especially for a traditional one "the castle in the ancient city of Erbil". This paper got the analysis of Erbil Castel-Gate structure using visible & IR spectral band analysis for transmission and absorption energy (El ) based on civil study, as well as the analyzing of chemical & physical test. On other hand the Satellite image of castle has been analyzed by using photogrammetric & GIS techniques. The result calculated the reflected energy values.
Mathematical Model of the Management of High-Energy Detonation Processes Through an Energy Generator (Screen)
Authors: Petkov Stancho P. , Petkov Petko S. , Nikolov Georgy M. , Tumbarska Adelina D.
Published: February 2022

A mathematical model for the management of the detonation wave front is presented at the change of the geometric characteristics and physical-mechanical parameters of the warhead. One of the important parameters for controlling the deformation process, the detonation wave front and the change of angle of the front approach is the introduction of an energy generator (screen) in the warhead construction. The results of the numerical solving of the task are presented and practical recommendations have been made.
Finite Element Analysis of a Ribbed Roofing Panel under Static Flexure
Authors: Okafor Chinedum Vincent
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on analyzing the response of a typical ribbed aluminum panel under flexure. A three dimensional finite element model was developed to stimulate the static flexure behavior. The model is a 2.0m (length) x 1.0m (width) x 0.005m (Thickness) with a rib height of 0.038m, crest width of 0.019m and pan distance at 0.055m between intermediate ribs. The load deflection response of the aluminum panel under different flexural loading condition was stimulated. The linear material properties, displacement, stress and strain captured were discussed under static conditions. From the result obtained, the maximum uniformly distributed load carrying capacity of the ribbed aluminum roofing panel under flexure, considering the linear material properties is 665N.
Comparative Analysis of Traffic Congestion Prediction Models for Cellular Mobile Macrocells
Authors: Ozovehe Aliyu , Okereke Okpo U. , Chibuzo Anene E. , Usman Abraham U.
Published: February 2022

Traffic congestion prediction is a non-linear process that involves obtaining valuable information from a set of traffic data and regression or auto-regression linear models cannot be applied as they are limited in their ability to deal with such problems. However, Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques have shown great ability to deal with non-linear problems and two of such techniques which have found application in traffic prediction are the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). In this work, Multiple Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP-NN), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF-NN), Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) are trained based on busy hour (BH) traffic measurement data taken from some GSM/GPRS sites in Abuja, Nigeria. The trained networks were then used to predict traffic congestion for some macrocells and their accuracy are compared using four statistical indices. The GMDH model on the average gave goodness of fit (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), standard deviation (?), and mean absolute error (µ) values of 99, 3.16, 3.53 and 2.32 % respectively. It was observed that GMDH model has the best fit in all cases and on the average predict better than ANFIS, MLP and RBF models. The GMDH model is found to offer improved prediction results in terms of increasing the R2 by 20% and reducing RMSE by 60% over ANFIS, the closest model to the GMDH in term of prediction accuracy.