bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Alloying Elements on Mechanical Properties for A356 Casting Alloy
Authors: Jeong Chang Yeol , Kang Chang Seog , Cho Jae Ik
Published: March 2009

A quantitative study of the interactions between microstructural features such as secondary
dendrite arm spacing (DAS), eutectic structure and fatigue behavior of two Al-Si-Mg casting alloys
with silicon contents of 7% and 10% respectively, has been conducted. In the condition of minimizing
casting defects, the influence of microstructural features on the mechanical performance becomes
more pronounced. Depending on the magnesium content affecting the strength of the matrix, the
tensile properties were changed upon experimental conditions; the tensile strength was increased with
magnesium content, whereas the elongation was increased in the reverse case. The increase of both of
high cycle fatigue and low cycle fatigue lives with decreasing the secondary dendritic arm spacing is
observed, mainly due to homogeneous deformation owing to the fine size of eutectic silicon and Fe
intermetallic particles. The fatigue dynamometer of a diesel cylinder head shows the same tendency
with the results of specimen fatigue tests with microstructures.
Adhesion Promoter and Anti-Sticking Layer Effects on Adhesion Properties Using Symmetric AFM Probe
Authors: Lee Hee Jung , Hyun Seung Min , Lee Hak Joo , Choi Dae Geun , Lee Dong Il , Lee Eung Sug
Published: March 2009

The reliable reproducibility of nano patterns or other nano structures is one of many issues
in the nano-imprint lithography process. An important prerequisite for reproducibility is suitable
adhesion properties of adhesion promoters or anti-sticking layer. In this study, rhombus shaped
symmetrical probe with a flat tip was developed and fabricated using MEMS fabrication technique.
For the experimental setup of the adhesion test using a UV curable PAK01 resin coated AFM tip with
several adhesion promoters, the flat tip is covered by PAK01 resist using micromanipulator.
Anti-sticking layers of silane agents were prepared on the tip by vapor deposition method. Adhesion
force between various adhesion promoters (GPTS, APMDS, APTS, DUV30J, O2 planairzation) and
PAK01 resist and the force between anti-sticking layer (FOTS, DDMS) and PAK01 resist were
evaluated using the force-distance mode of AFM. Adhesion force of GPTS and FOTS are about 7180
nN and 1660 nN, respectively.
The Effect of Alloy Elements on Cyclic Fatigue Behavior of Bucket Candidate Materials for USC Power Plants
Authors: Kim Kuk Cheol , Kim Byung Hoon , Suk Jin Ik , Kim Dong Soo , Kim Jeong Tae
Published: March 2009

The demand for ultra supercritical (USC) power plants has increased due to the need for
high thermal efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions. For turbine materials, high-cycle and lowcycle
fatigue life at USC service temperatures are needed to verify material integrity due to the
heat-up and cool-down process of power plant operation and due to turbine variations during
operation. In this paper, fatigue characteristics for 9~12 Cr steels as candidate USC bucket
materials were investigated. First, the fatigue life between DS2B2 and COST B2 steel were
compared. COST B2 is the commercial steel with improved high temperature properties by adding
boron, and DS2B2 is the new steel developed by Doosan by adding Co and adjusting Mo and W
based on the same Mo equivalent value (%wt. Mo + 1/2 %wt. W). DS2B2 steel was found to have
longer low cycle fatigue life than COST B2. Second, the effect of boron on fatigue life for bucket
materials based on COST B2 steel was investigated. At room temperature, as boron content
increased, low cycle fatigue life became superior, whereas, at 593oC the fatigue life was similar.
For high cycle fatigue, as boron content increased, fatigue life increased due to the strengthening
effect by the addition of boron.
Evaluation of Corrosion Fatigue Crack Propagation Characteristics of TMCP Steel in Synthetic Seawater under Cathodic Protection
Authors: Kim Won Beom , Paik Jeom Kee
Published: March 2009

In this research, corrosion fatigue tests using tensile strength of 490MPa TMCP steel
were performed in synthetic seawater condition to investigate the corrosion fatigue crack
propagation characteristics. The influence of cathodic protection at -800mV vs. SCE on the
corrosion fatigue crack propagation behavior was investigated. Relationships between da/dN versus
ΔK for the material were obtained by two types of test specimens. In the present study, F(α,β)
versus α(= 2a/W) relationship for the CCT specimen was calculated by J integral approach, while
that for the CT specimen was determined from ASTM E647. It is found that the fatigue crack
propagation rate of TMCP steel in synthetic seawater condition is faster than that in air condition at
least twice. Also, it is observed that the fatigue crack propagation rate of steel with cathodic
protection is in between those of seawater condition without cathodic protection and air condition.
Application of Continuous Indentation Technique in Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Gil Doo Song , Ahn Yeon Shik , Park Sang Ki
Published: March 2009

Reliability evaluation of the welded structure is divided by method concentrating
on defect and mechanical property. Thermal power plant facilities are operated in high
temperature, high pressure and called for safety guarantee. Three factors are constituted for
this. The First is PSI(pre-service inspection) and the second is ISI(in-service inspection) and
the third is quantitative analysis in safety. Main steam and hot reheat steam pipes in thermal
power plant are frequently making a trouble because of unsuitable quality control under
construction. So, the suitable construction and the development of life forecast method is
urgent matter. Therefore, the continuous indentation technique is interested in effective test
method of pipes in power plant facilities. This strong point of the continuous indentation
technique is possibility of super-precision measurement, programmed test analysis, nondestructive
stiffness evaluation. This study is focused on the possibility of the continuous
indentation technique application in main steam and hot reheat steam pipes for stiffness
evaluation in thermal power plant facilities.
Research and Development of Mg-Al-Sr Alloys
Authors: Peng Xiao Dong , Nie Hua , Xie Wei Dong , Pan Fu Sheng
Published: March 2009

The addition of strontium to Mg-Al based alloys offers good creep resistance to meet the
material requirements for automotive applications. The composition, microstructure and mechanical
properties of Mg-Al-Sr alloys are discussed in this paper. The effects of alloy elements such as Ca, Ti
and Mn in Mg-Al-Sr alloy are summarized. Technologies for preparation of Mg-Sr master alloy were
developed, including mixture method and vacuum thermal reduction method which may also be used
for preparation of Mg-Al-Sr alloys.
Micro-Scratch Analysis on Adhesion between Thin Films and PES Substrate
Authors: Lee Sang Hyuk , Seo Bo Hyun , Seo Jong Hyun
Published: March 2009

In flexible display, reliability of the thin film/polymer interface is an important issue
because adhesion strength dissimilar materials is often inherently poor, and residual stresses arising
from thermal mismatches or pressure exerted by vaporized moisture often lead to delaminations of
interfaces. In the present study we deposited various thin films such as silicon nitride (SiNx),
aluminum metal layer, and indium tin oxide on polyether sulphone (PES) substrate. The film
adhesion was determined by micro-scratch test. The adhesion strength, presented by the critical
load, Lc, when the film starts to delaminate, was determined as a function of plasma pretreated on
PES substrate.
Characterization of Solid Synthetic Fuel Derived from Physic Nut and Glycerol Waste Using Single Particle Reactivity Analysis
Authors: Atong Duangduen , Sricharoenchaikul Viboon
Published: March 2009

Deteriorated environment resulting from fossil fuel usage as well as foreseeable
conventional energy depletion lead to the exploration of alternative fuel materials especially the
renewable ones. In this work, characterization of synthetic fuel material formed by pelletization of
Jatropha (physic nut) waste using glycerol waste as a binder was carried out in order to investigate
the feasibility of utilizing these waste materials as another renewable energy source. Synthetic fuel
materials of Jatropha residue mixed with 0-40% glycerol waste were formed to length of about 13
mm and diameter of about 11 mm under pressure of 7 MPa in a hydraulic press. Their thermal
conversion properties were studied by using single particle reactivity testing scheme at temperature
of 500-900°C under partial oxidation atmosphere. The burning started with a relative short drying
phase, followed with a longer pyrolysis time and thereafter the dominated char combustion time
which took around 81-89% of total conversion time. The average total conversion time varied from
741 sec to 1873 sec depended mainly on reaction temperature. Higher glycerol content resulted in
char with lower density and less shrinkage. Changes in diameter were not strongly depended on
glycerol contents. The results suggested that Jatropha residue mixed with glycerol may be utilized as
quality solid fuel.
Preparation of Mg-Sr Alloy Using Electrochemical Reduction
Authors: Liu Nian Chun , Xie Wei Dong , Peng Xiao Dong , Wei Qun Yi , Li Hai Dong
Published: March 2009

Suspended on Mg-base melt, SrCl2 was electrochemical reduced to prepare Mg-Sr alloy.
The kinds of Sr-compounds, composition ratio of flux, temperature of molten salt and Mg-base
molten bath and recovery of Sr were discussed. According to theories and experiments, this paper
presents the relations between the adding flux and reduction of Sr-compounds with the technical
parameters. The electrode reactions and the Gibbs Free Energies were evaluated based on
thermodynamics analysis. The results show that composition of flux played important roles in the
reduction process. The optimized technical flow and parameters for the application of the new method
were advised.
Thermal Crack Propagation Behavior on Nitrided H13 Hot Work Die Steel
Authors: Youn Kuk Tae , Rhyim Young Mok , Lee Jong Hoon , Lee Chan Gyu , Kim Dong Bae , Jung Yun Chul
Published: March 2009

The influence of nitriding type and condition on the thermal crack propagation behavior
of hot work die steel was investigated. Thermal fatigue tests were carried out using a special
apparatus, which is consisted of induction heating and water spray cooling unit. The sum of crack
length per unit specimen length, Lm is proposed as an index representing the susceptibility to crack
propagation. The Lm values of the gas and ion nitrided specimens were lower than that of as-heat
treated specimen. But in the case of maximum and average crack length of nitrided specimen was
higher than those of as-heat treated specimen. The nitrogen diffusion layer still remained although
the oxide scale was formed and fell off during thermal fatigue test. After 1000 cycles of the thermal
fatigue test, the interior region of nitrided specimen showed lower hardness by softening. In
particular, ion nitrided specimens of relatively less softening condition showed reduction both the
depth and number of cracks compared with the other surface conditions.
New Compositionally-Ordered GeSi Nano Dots Fabricated with 1250 keV Electrons
Authors: Song Se Ahn , Fedina Liudmila I. , Baik Hion Suck , Kim Youn Joong , Kim Young Min , Gutakovskii Anton K. , Latyshev Alexander V.
Published: March 2009

Transformation of uniformly strained GexSi1-x layers into GeSi dots of 3 ~ 7 nm which are
compositionally ordered by one or concurrently two sets of {111} planes was carried out for the first
time under non-equilibrium conditions induced by 1.25 MeV electron irradiation at Tc ≥ 200 oC in
the high voltage electron microscope (JEM-ARM1300S). This microscope installed in the KBSI is
characterized by an excellent point-to-point resolution of 0.12 nm allowing obtaining detailed
information on chemical ordering at specific parameters of defocus (-800 Å) and crystal thickness
(200~250 Å) determined by extensive HRTEM image simulation for the ordered dots.
A Study on the Evaluation of Characteristics and Useful Life Prediction of Rubber Component for Elevator Cabin
Authors: Woo Chang Su , Park Hyun Sung
Published: March 2009

Rubber material properties and useful life evaluation are very important in design
procedure to assure the safety and reliability of the rubber components. In this paper, the evaluation of
characteristics and useful life prediction of rubber component for elevator cabin were experimentally
investigated. The material test and accelerated heat-aging test were carried. Rubber material constants
were obtained by curve fittings of simple tension, pure shear and bi-axial tension test data. Heat aging
test results changes as the threshold are used for assessment of the useful life and time to threshold
value were plotted against reciprocal of absolute temperature to give the Arrhenius plot. By using the
rubber material and component test several useful life prediction equations for rubber component
were proposed. Predicted useful life of rubber component for elevator cabin agreed fairly with the
experimental lives.
Design of Electrical Panels of Naval Vessels for Improved Fatigue, Shock and Vibration Performance
Authors: Kim Myung Hyun , Kang Sung Won , Kang Min Soo , Lee Jae Myung , Cho Dae Seung , Kim Sang Hyun , Kang Byung Yoon
Published: March 2009

Structural reliability of electrical panels installed in naval vessels is of critical
importance from the structural performance viewpoint. The electrical panels may be
exposed to vibration and fatigue loadings from internal and external sources as well as
wave loadings that result into fatigue crack and fracture due to the decrease of fatigue
strength. In this regard, electrical outfitting equipments on naval vessels are required to
comply with capabilities against vibration and shock tests, normally tested according to
Military Standard. This study introduces the effect of post welding treatment, such as
toe grinding as well as post welding heat treatment (PWHT), are examined through a
series of fatigue and impact tests according to military standards. On the other hand, the
use of elastic mounts that are capable of isolating and mitigating shock and vibration
toward electrical panels are investigated. Both experimental and numerical results are
presented based on the analysis according to military standards.
Crack Initiation Factor by Impact Fretting Wear at INCONEL Alloy for Steam Generator Tube in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Park Chi Yong , Kim Jeong Kun , Kim Tae Ryong , Cho Sun Young , Jeon Hyun Ik
Published: March 2009

Inconel alloy such as alloy 600 and alloy 690 is widely used as the steam generator tube
materials in the nuclear power plants. The impact fretting wear tests were performed to investigate
wear mechanism between tube alloy and 409 stainless steel tube support plates in the simulated steam
generator operating conditions, pressure of 15MPa, high temperature water of 290°C and low
dissolved oxygen(<10 ppb). From investigation of wear test specimens by the SEM and EDS
analysis, hammer imprint, which is known to be an actual damaged wear pattern, has been observed
on the worn surface, and fretting wear mechanism was investigated. Wear progression of
impact-fretting wear also has been examined. It was observed that titanium rich phase contributes to
the formation of voids and cracks in sub-layer of fretting wear damage by impact fretting wear.
Deformation and Corrosion Behavior of a High Purity Manganese Free AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Kakutani Eigo , Jotoku Masahiro , Yamamoto Atsushi , Tsubakino Harushige
Published: March 2009

A low impurity magnesium alloy has bean prepared. Deformation behavior in cold-rolling
and corrosion behavior of the alloy were compared with those of a commercial alloy. The specimens
were cold-rolled at room temperature with reduction rates of 0~80 %. Transmission electron
microscopic observations on the cold-rolled specimens were carried out. In the case of the low
impurity magnesium alloy, recrystallization easily occurred. Analyses of microstructures in the
deformed specimens were carried out by means of EBSP, and the recrystallization phenomena have
been discussed. Another effect of lowering the impurities is to improve a corrosion resistance with
changing the corrosion morphology.
Femtosecond Laser Synthesis of High-Pressure Phases of Si
Authors: Tsujino Masashi , Sano Tomokazu , Ozaki Norimasa , Sakata Osamu , Okoshi Masayuki , Inoue Narumi , Kodama Ryosuke , Hirose Akio
Published: March 2009

The high pressure simple hexagonal structure of silicon, which has not been synthesized,
is quenched using femtosecond laser-driven shock wave. Any high-pressure phases of silicon do not
remain after the pressure release in the case of the hydrostatic and conventional shock compression
methods. We found the existence of the simple hexagonal structure after the intense femtosecond
laser irradiation to silicon by analyzing the crystalline structures using a synchrotron
grazing-incidence XRD method. Femtosecond laser-driven shock wave is a useful tool for the
synthesis of non-equilibrium high-pressure phases.
Influence of Compressive Torsion Processing Temperature on Microstructure Refinement and Property of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Tahara Shotaro , Kume Yuji , Kobashi Makoto , Kanetake Naoyuki
Published: March 2009

A compressive torsion processing (CTP) was applied to hypereutectic Al-Si alloy in
order to raise ductility and formability by microstructure refinement of the alloy. The CTP is a
unique severe plastic deformation process and it can easily apply large strain to a work piece
without change in shape. In the present work, influence of compressive torsion processing
temperature on microstructure refinement and tensile property of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy is dealt
with. When the CTP was applied on the Al-Si alloy, primary and eutectic Si particles were refined
more effectively at lower processing temperature. Total tensile elongation of CTPed alloy was four
times as large as that of non CTPed one. Distribution of the total elongation was quite uniform in
the whole CTPed specimen.
Grain Boundary Character Distributions of Strain-Annealed 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Fang Xiao Ying , Zhang Xin , Guo Hong , Wang Wei Guo , Zhou Bang Xin
Published: March 2009

Grain boundary character distributions (GBCD) of type 304 stainless steel cold rolled and
then annealed at 1173K were analyzed by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD). The results
showed that low strain (~6%) followed by long-time annealing (96h) resulted in a GBCD
containing a high fraction of Σ9 and Σ27 boundaries. The connectivity of general high angle grain
boundary (HAB) network was interrupted significantly by Σ3n(n=1,2,3) boundaries(special
boundaries).
Some Observations Regarding Erosion-Corrosion Performance of HVOF-Sprayed Cr3C2- NiCr and Cr3C2- NiCr-(25) WC-Co Coatings in Actual Boiler Environment
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Singh Harpreet , Prakash Satya
Published: March 2009

Cr3C2- NiCr and Cr3C2- NiCr-(25) WC-Co coatings were deposited on T22 boiler steel
by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) Technology. The coated as well as the uncoated steel samples
were exposed to the actual boiler environments in a thermal power plant for 1500 hrs under cyclic
conditions to evaluate their erosion-corrosion performance. Weight change measurements were
taken for each sample after every 100 hrs. It has been observed that the weight change trends for
coated steel with Cr3C2- NiCr and Cr3C2- NiCr-(25) WC-Co coatings followed a parabolic trend.
The exposed samples were physically investigated for any macroscopic changes after each cycle of
100 hours. The uncoated steel showed blisters and spallation of its oxide scale, whereas the coated
samples exhibited intact oxide scales, in general. Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive
X-Ray Analysis (SEM/EDAX) was done to characterize morphology of the oxide scales. The
protective nature of coatings has been explained based on the results of the study.
Joining of Aluminum Foam/Aluminum Metal by Spark Plasma Sintering Process
Authors: Ko Young H. , Chang Se Hun , Oh Ik Hyun , Cho Jae Ik , Kang Chang Seog
Published: March 2009

Aluminum foam is lightweight structures, energy absorption and thermal management. In
this reason, there is a lot of attention on the aluminum foam as a structural material. The present
papers showed various conventional joining techniques can be applied for foam-sheet structures, i.e.,
riveting, screwing, welding, gluing and soldering. This research presents new joining technique of
Aluminum foam/Aluminum metal using spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The Aluminum
foam/Aluminum metals were fabricated by changing of various SPS holding temperature and holding
time conditions. With increasing holding temperature and holding time, the tensile stress increased.
The specimen sintered at 550°C for 20 min shows σts = 1.47 MPa. Also, it was found that the SPS
holding time is dominant factor than the holding temperature for sound joining of two joint materials.
Pack Boronizing of a Co-Cr-W-C Alloy
Authors: Yeo Moon Hyun , Kim Seung Jin , Bang Seong Hwan , Bae Dae Yeal , Han Kwan Hee
Published: March 2009

Surface treatment of a Co-Cr-W-C based alloy by pack boronizing is performed in this
study. Treating at temperatures between 950 and 1050oC for up to 5 hrs produces a layer-like boride
coating. The phase and composition analysis of the boronized layer is carried out by means of
optical and SEM, EPMA and XRD. The growth of overall boronized layer is observed to obey the
parabolic law, suggesting that it occurs via a diffusion-controlled process. Along with the
microstructural features of the boronized layer, some brief results of the improvements of the wear
property of Co-Cr-W-C alloy by boronizing treatment are presented.
HRTEM Observation of the Age Hardening Precipitates in Mg-Zn Alloy
Authors: Mori Shogo , Kawabata Tokimasa , Matsuda Kenji , Ikeno Susumu
Published: March 2009

The age hardening precipitates of Mg-4.7mass%Zn alloy aged at 423K,473K were studied by using
high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM).
Contrasts of mono layers were confirmed to exist on the (0001) and (1100) matrix planes. It was
considered that the contrast of mono layer was plate-like shape, and identified as pre-precipitates
from as-quenched stage to early stage of aging at 473K for 32h .
In the peak aged specimen of aged at 473K, the β1’ phase was observed. The β1’ phase has a
rod-like shape and parallel to c-axis of Mg matrix. It can be observed orientation relationship
between Mg matrix and β1’phase has not only same parts to previous reports but also different parts
in one β1’ phase .
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Properties of Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.3Zr Alloy
Authors: Yao Su Juan , Li W.X. , Yang Sheng , Yi Dan Qing
Published: March 2009

microstructures, aging hardness, mechanical properties of Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.3Zr alloys
were investigated. The microstructure is a typical dendritic structure of as-cast sample, The
aging test of extruded samples were carried at a temperature rang of 200-300°C and at a
different aging time. The aging peak hardness is about 120HV, tensile strength was tested at
temperature 25°C, 200°C, 250°C and 300°C, tensile strengths are 375 Mpa, 364 Mpa, 329
Mpa, 286 Mpa respectively, the maximum elongation is 13.32% at 300°C. The fracture mode
is mainly microvoid coalescence fracture combination the brittle cleavage fracture at room
temperature, and microvoid coalescence fracture at 200-300°C.
Titanium Hydriding and Consolidation for Recycling of Titanium Tuning Chip
Authors: Jang Jin Man , Lee Won Sik , Ko Se Hyun , Kim Il Ho
Published: March 2009

Manufacturing technology of bulk titanium by milling and sintering was studied for
recycling of pure titanium tuning chip. Ti chips were milled at RT under H2 pressure of 0.5MPa. All
titanium chips were pulverized and hydrided within several minutes, which is very short time
comparing to other thermal processes. The hydrided powders were hot pressed at 750°C. After hot
pressing, bulk sample was identified to α-phase Ti by XRD measurement and measured
density(4.509g/cm3) was very close to theoretical density(4.512g/cm3) of pure Ti. Consequently, it is
carefully suggested that hydriding and sintering process is efficient and practicable solution for
recycling of pure titanium tuning chip.
Attempt to Control Spatial Distribution of Nano-Gold Particles Using Nanoporous Surfaces of FeAl Single Crystal
Authors: Tsunekane Masafumi , Yoshimi Kyosuke , Maruyama Kouichi
Published: March 2009

In this study, the distribution of colloidal nano-gold particles on the nanoporous surfaces of
FeAl single crystals was investigated. Colloidal nano-gold particles were dropped onto the
nanoporous surface, and their distribution was observed by TEM. Some of nano-gold particles located
at the edges of nanopores. A few additional attempts to improve the wettability of the surfaces were
made using surface treatments. As a result, the frequency of nano-gold particles put into nanopores
was achieved up to 98.3%.
Crystal Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of ReSi1.75 Based Alloys
Authors: Harada Shunta , Tanaka Katsushi , Kishida Kyosuke , Inui Haruyuki
Published: March 2009

Effect of the ternary element of Mo on the crystal structure and thermoelectric properties of
ReSi1.75 has been investigated. The crystal structure of Mo-containing ReSi1.75 has shear structure up
to 1.5 at%, the structure changes into adaptive structure at larger Mo contents. The concentration of Si
vacancies estimated from the crystal structures determined decreases with increasing Mo content.
Thermoelectric properties of Mo-containing ReSi1.75 indicate that the character changes from p- to
n-type semiconductor upon alloying with Mo, which is explained by the decrease in Si vacancy
concentration.
Mechanical Properties According to Heat Treatment for Gas Turbine Blade Material
Authors: Kim Moon Young , Yang Sung Ho , Song Kuk Hyun
Published: March 2009

This work was studied for the changes of thermal properties on GTD-111 DS (Directional
Solidification) gas turbine blade. In this study, gas turbine blades with 24,000~34,000 firing hours was used
to get more effective result, gradually applied hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and post-heat treatment for these
samples. In the latter steps, we observed changes of γ´ phase affected in material properties, and microhardness
test was carried out to evaluate mechanical properties according to changes of γ´ fraction and
shape. Experimental result shows, changes of γ´ fraction and shape were affected by HIP and post-heat
treatment. And also mechanical properties changes such as micro-hardness related to γ´ phase. In this study,
we explained changing transition of microstructure according to γ´ fraction distribution.
Elastic Properties of L10-Ordered Single Crystals
Authors: Wang C. , Tanaka Katsushi , Kishida Kyosuke , Inui Haruyuki
Published: March 2009

The temperature dependence of single-crystal elastic constants of L10-ordered
single-crystals of FePd . A complete set of elastic constants has been determined with the resonance
ultrasound spectroscopy technique. The compounds clearly show a tetragonal elastic anisotropy, c11 <
c33 and c44 < c66. The temperature dependencies of the anisotropies are not simply explained by the
variation of axial ratio (c/a) of the crystal.
Aqueous Corrosion Characteristics of Iron Aluminides
Authors: Yoo Yun Ha , Kim Jung Gu
Published: March 2009

Aqueous corrosion behaviors of Fe3Al-based iron aluminides were investigated. From the
result of cyclic anodic polarization tests conducted in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at 25, 48, 72 and
95°C, as the temperature increased, the resistance to pitting corrosion decreased significantly,
especially over the range of 25~48°C. From the result of crevice corrosion tests, no crevice
corrosion occurred on FAL-Mo in the lower chloride-containing solution (200 ppm Cl-), however,
FAL-Mo did not perform as well as the 304L SS in the higher chloride-containing solution (3.5
wt.% NaCl). From the result of anodic polarization tests performed in sulfur-compound solutions,
additions of Cr and Mo to the Fe3Al-based iron aluminides tend to improve the aqueous corrosion
resistance. Aqueous corrosion behaviors with different Al content evaluated by cyclic anodic
polarization test in the chloride-containing solution exhibited the more stable passive behavior and
the higher pitting resistance as Al contents increased.
Interfacial Characteristics and Wear Resistance of WCp/White-Cast-Iron Composites
Authors: Zhang Guo Shang , Gao Yi Min , Xing Jian Dong , Wei Shi Zhong , Zhang Xi Liang
Published: March 2009

To improve the wear resistance of high chromium white cast iron under severe abrasive
conditions, a composites layer was designed for wear surface, which were locally reinforced with WC
particles. And the local composites were successfully fabricated by optimized centrifugal casting
process. Then the interface between WC and iron matrix was analyzed with scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). And
three body wear tests were carried out on a self-made rig to investigate the wear resistance of the
composites. For comparison, the wear tests of high chromium white cast iron were also carried out
under the same conditions. The results show that: There are no defects such as inclusion, crack, gas
pore and so on in the obtained composites layer, which with a uniform thickness of 10 mm. WC
particles are homogeneously distributed in the composites layer and tightly bonded with the iron
matrix. The WC particles are partially dissolved in the iron matrix during centrifugal casting. The
elements W, C and Fe react to form new carbides such as Fe3W3C or M23C6, which precipitate around
former WC particles during subsequent solidification. So the interface between WC particles and the
iron matrix is a strong metallurgical bonding. WC particles in the composites layer can effectively
resist cutting by the abrasive, and then protect the matrix. The wear resistance of the composites layer
is 7.23 times of that of high chromium cast iron.
A Study on Fatigue Properties of a TiNi/Al Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Park Young Chul , Kang Jung Ho , Lee Jin Kyung , Sung Jang Hyun , Baek Seok Heum , Jo Young Jik
Published: March 2009

Shape memory alloy (SMA) has been used to improve the tensile strength of composite
materials. Because it produces compressive residual stress in the matrix by using its shape memory
effect. In order to fabricate a shape memory alloy composite, TiNi alloy and Al2024, Al6061 were
used as reinforcing material and matrix, respectively. In this study, TiNi/Al2024 and TiNi/Al6061
shape memory alloy composites were made by the hot press method. The fatigue limit of a shape
memory alloy composite determined the volume ratio and reduction ratio. The probabilistic stresslife
curve (P-S-N curve) about the shape memory alloy composite makes up using statistical
method.
Microstructure and Superconductive Property of the Extruded MgB2/Al Composite Materials
Authors: Matsuda Kenji , Morobayashi Masaru , Nishimura Katsuhiko , Mori Katsunori , Aoyama Shigeki , Yabumoto Yukinobu , Hishinuma Yoshimitsu , Ikeno Susumu
Published: March 2009

The superconductive MgB2/Al composite material with low and high volume fractions of
particles were fabricated by our special 3-dimensional penetration casting (3DPC) method. The
composite material showed homogeneous distribution of MgB2 particles in the Al-matrix with neither
any aggregation of particles nor defects such as cracks or cavities. The critical temperature of
superconducting transition (TC) was obtained via electrical resistivity and magnetization to be about
37 ~ 39K. The Meissner effect was also verified in the liquid He, in which a piece of the composite
floated above a permanent magnet. Extruded rod and wire were successfully fabricated and they also
showed onset TC of 39 K on their electrical resistivities as the same as the billet sample.
Fabrication of Oxide Ceramics Composite by Reactive Infiltration Process
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshihiro , Kobashi Makoto , Kanetake Naoyuki
Published: March 2009

Reactive infiltration is a manufacturing process of metal matrix composites with low cost
and low environmental impacts. In this study, reactive infiltration of a NiO/Ti blended powder
preform with molten Al was examined. Titanium powder as an infiltration aid was mixed with NiO
powder by various blending ratios. The preform and the Al ingot were then heated together up to
1273K ~1673K and held at these processing temperatures for 60 minutes by an induction furnace in
N2 gas atmosphere. After the heating process, the vertical cross section was observed to see whether
the infiltration and the in situ reaction occurred successfully. Spontaneous infiltration of molten
aluminum into the powder preform did not occur when either processing temperature or blending
ratio of titanium was not sufficiently high enough. Spontaneous infiltration occurred when
processing temperature and volume fraction of titanium were 1273K, 1373K and 15%, 20%. But
when volume fraction of titanium was 25%, the preform exploded by an extremely high. It was
confirmed that Al3Ti, Al3Ni2 and Al2O3 were formed after the infiltration.
A Study on the Design Curves for Pultruded Composite Columns
Authors: Lee Seung Sik , Chae Soo Ha , Yoon Soon Jong , Cho Sun Kyu
Published: March 2009

The strengths of PFRP thin-walled columns are determined according to the modes of
buckling which consist of local mode for short columns, global mode for long columns, and
interaction mode between local and global modes for intermediate columns. Unlike the local and
global buckling, the buckling strength of interaction mode is not theoretically predictable. Refined
theoretical approaches which can account for different elastic properties of each plate component
consisting of a PFRP thin-walled member are used. Based on both the analytical buckling loads and
the experimentally measured buckling loads from literatures, the accuracies of Ylinen’s equation and
modified AISC/LRFD column design equation for isotropic steel columns were compared. From the
comparison, it was found that the modified AISC/LRFD column design equation is more suitable for
the prediction of the buckling loads of PFRP thin-walled members than Ylinen’s equations.
Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Resistance of Powder-Injection-Molded Products of Fe-Based Metamorphic Powders
Authors: Kim Chang Kyu , Son Chang Young , Ha Dae Jin , Yoon Tae Sik , Lee Sung Hak
Published: March 2009

Powder injection molding (PIM) process was applied to Fe-based metamorphic alloy
powders, and microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of the PIM products were analyzed and
compared with those of conventional PIM stainless steel products. When Fe-based metamorphic
powders were injection-molded and then sintered at 1200 oC, completely densified products with
almost no pores were obtained. They contained 34 vol.% of (Cr,Fe)2B borides dispersed in the
austenitic matrix without amorphous phases. Since these (Cr,Fe)2B borides were very hard and
thermally stable, hardness, and wear resistance of the PIM products of Fe-based metamorphic
powders were twice as high as those of conventional PIM stainless steel products. Such property
improvement suggested new applicability of the PIM products of Fe-based metamorphic powders to
structures and parts requiring excellent mechanical properties.
Preparation and Characterization of Tungsten Heavy Alloy Feedstock for Metal Injection Molding
Authors: Islam Syed Humail , Qu Xuan Hui , Tufail M.
Published: March 2009

In this study, the effect of various binders’ compositions on the feedstock of pre-alloyed
tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) powders has been investigated. Four kinds of wax-based binders
were prepared from paraffin wax (PW), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and
stearic acid (SA), and the characteristic of each feedstock was investigated at various temperatures
and shear rates. It was found that all the feedstocks exhibited pseudoplastic flow behavior.
Feedstock having multi-polymer components showed better rheological properties than those
having mono-polymer because of good wettability between powder and binder, and less sensitivity
to temperature and shear rates. This could be due to the molecular weight and length of molecular
chain of PP and HDPE.
The Study of Residual Stresses for Roller Hemmed Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Kim Dong Ok , Shin Dong Woo , Yoon Young Sik , Ryu Yong Mun , Han Beom Suck
Published: March 2009

Many researches of automotive companies have focused on reducing weight of vehicles in
order to meet the needs for high fuel efficiency. Therefore, light metals such aluminum alloys have been
applied on automotive body structures. Recently, roller hemming process has been introduced for
hemming of aluminum automotive closing parts such as doors, roofs, and hoods. During Roller
hemming, the flange of outer panels is bent and folded along the edge of inner panel by a roller attached
robot. Since the stress caused by roller hemming can affect the quality of hemmed flanges, the research
has focused on the stress analysis by simulation and experiment. Residual stress has been measured in
the hemmed flanges and compared to the values of finite elemental analysis.
Dynamic Recrystallization during Hot Extrusion in Mg-3Al-0.1Y Alloy
Authors: Noro T. , Uesugi Tokuteru , Takigawa Yorinobu , Tsujikawa Masato , Mabuchi Hiroshi , Higashi Kenji
Published: March 2009

Dynamic recrystallization behavior of Mg-3.1wt.%Al-0.1wt.%Y alloy was investigated.
During extrusion, dynamic recrystallization occurred and very fine microstructure was obtained. We
compared the relationship between Zener-Hollomon parameter, Z, and the dynamically
recrystallized grain size, drec, and between the normalized recrystallized grain size, drec/d0, where d0
is the initial grain size, and Z for Mg-3.1wt. %Al-0.1wt.%Y with commercial Mg-3Al-0.5Zn alloy.
As the result, the dynamically recrystallized grain size of Mg-3Al-0.1Y was finer than that of
Mg-3Al-0.5Zn alloy under the equivalent Z, while the initial grain size of Mg-3Al-0.1Y was coarser
than Mg-3Al-0.5Zn alloy. The normalized grain size for Mg-3Al-0.1Y alloy was much smaller than
that of Mg-3Al-0.5Zn alloy under the equivalent Z. We conclude that small addition of Y to Mg-Al
alloys is effective for grain refinement by dynamic recrystallization.
Microwave Assisted Esterification of Waste Cotton Fabrics for Biodegradation Films Preparation
Authors: Ratanakamnuan Usarat , Atong Duangduen , Aht-Ong Duangdao
Published: March 2009

The possibility for preparation of biodegradable film from cellulose-enrich waste was
studied. This work dealt with the synthesis of cellulose film in LiCl/DMAc solvent system by
microwave-induced esterification of cellulose from waste cotton fabric using DMAP and lauroyl
chloride as a catalyst and esterifying agent, respectively. The cellulose laurate film was prepared by
casting method. The structure of cellulose laurate was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR analyses.
The thermal stability was characterized by TGA. The optimum condition for esterification in terms
of microwave power and time was investigated. The films obtained were tested for their tensile
properties and potentiality of biodegradation.
Sintering Mechanism of Composite Ag Nanoparticles and its Application to Bonding Process-Effects of Ag2CO3 Contents on Bondability to Cu-
Authors: Tatsumi Hiroaki , Akada Yusuke , Yamaguchi Takuto , Hirose Akio
Published: March 2009

We have proposed a novel bonding process using composite Ag nanoparticles composed
of Ag metallo-organic nanoparticles and Ag2CO3 for an application to the assembly of electronic
devices. In this research, the sintering mechanisms of the composite Ag nanoparticles are discussed
based on the results of the observation of the sintering behaviors and the investigation of the thermal
characteristics. Moreover, Cu specimens were bonded using the composite Ag nanoparticles for
measuring the bonding strengths. Based on the results, the effects of the Ag2CO3 contents in the
composite Ag nanoparticles and the bonding conditions on the bondability were evaluated. As a
result, it was found that the composite Ag nanoparticles were sintered rapidly because of the
interaction between the Ag metallo-organic nanoparticles and Ag2CO3. Thereby, the bondability was
improved by optimizing the contents of Ag2CO3 in the composite Ag nanoparticles.
The Texture Evolution of Dual Phase Steel Sheets
Authors: Liu Yan Dong , Jiang Q.W. , Tong He , Wang Yan Dong , Zuo Liang
Published: March 2009

in this paper, the texture evolution of cold rolling and recrystallization of dual phase steel
sheets is studied. The experimental results show that the cold rolling texture components are γ fiber
(<111>//N.D.) and α fiber (<110>//R.D.). After heat treatment (austenizing temperatures 960°C and
980°C, 0.7°C/S cooling to 650°C, a rational holding time to form ferrite and martensite
microstructure), the texture components are still γ fiber and α fiber, the recrystallization texture in
dual phase steel sheet is remarkable different compared to the recrystallization texture in the pure
(single phase) ferrite.
Characteristics of SnOx-ZnO Composite Film on Poly Ethylene Terephalate (PET) Substrate Prepared by ECR-MOCVD
Authors: Park Ji Hun , Byun Dong Jin , Lee Joong Kee
Published: March 2009

Zinc oxide and tin oxide (ZnSnOx) films on PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)
substrate were prepared by the electron cyclotron resonance-metal organic chemical vapor
deposition (ECR-MOCVD) under an hydrogen, oxygen and argon atmosphere. The used tin and
zinc precursor are TMT (tetramethyltin) and DEZn(diethylzinc), respectively. The metal (Zinc and
Tin) oxidation content plays an important role to control the optical and electrical characteristics of
the films. Therefore the optimum DEZn/TMT content can be determined by the counter stability
effect between oxidation and zinc-tin deposition. The obtained ZnSnOx (or SnOx-ZnO) of high
mobility films exhibited c.a. 7.0×10-3 ohm ·cm of electrical resistivity.
A Study on the Welding Characteristics of Dissimilar Metal Using a High Power CW Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Shin Ho Jun , Yoo Young Tae , Shin Byung Heon
Published: March 2009

Laser welding process is widely used in the industrial field due to its numerous advantages:
a small heat affected zone(HAZ), deep penetration, high welding speed, ease of automation,
single-pass thick section capability, enhanced design flexibility, and small distortion after welding. In
this paper, the laser weldability of Austenite stainless steel and INCONEL600 at dissimilar metal
welds using a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser are experimentally investigated. INCONEL600 is
being used in a steam generator tubing of pressurized water reactor(PWR) exposed to some corrosion.
Therefore stress corrosion cracking can occur on this material. A research work is conducted to
determine effects of welding parameters, on eliminating or reducing the extent welding zone
formation at dissimilar metal welds and to optimize those parameters that have the most influence
parameters such as focus length, laser power and welding speed were tested.
Microstructure and Properties of Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si-0.3Zn Alloy for Lead Frame
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Ping , Tian Bao Hong , Zhao D.M. , Jia Shu Guo , Cheng X.H.
Published: March 2009

The effect of aging temperature and aging time on properties of Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si-0.3Zn
alloy were studied. The alloys were isochronally or isothermally aged after solution treatment. The
cold rolling prior to the aging treatment was used to increase the precipitation rate .The microstructure
of the alloy was studied by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that
the fine and dispersed precipitates are fully coherent with the Cu matrix and make the alloy possesses
higher hardness and conductivity after the alloy was solution at 1173K and then aged at different time.
The precipitates responsible for the age-hardening effect was Ni2Si.The transformation kinetics were
studied by analyzing the electrical resistance variation of the solution Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si-0.3Zn alloy in
the process of aging.
Recovery of Structural and Luminescent Properties in Zinc-Implanted ZnO Films
Authors: Xue Shu Wen , Zu Xiao Tao
Published: March 2009

This paper reports that Zn ion implantation to a dose of 1 × 1017 ions/cm2 was performed on
highly c-axis-orientated ZnO thin films deposited on Si (100) substrates by the sol-gel technique.
After ion implantation, the as-implanted ZnO films were annealed in argon ambient at different
temperatures from 300−500 oC. The effects of ion implantation and post-implantation annealing on
the structural and luminescent properties of the ZnO films were investigated by x-ray diffraction,
photoluminescence (PL). Results show that the intensities of (002) peak and photoluminescence (PL)
were evidently decreased by Zn ion implantation. The recovery of (002) peak and photoluminescence
occurs at ~300oC.
Effect of Plating Condition on the Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress of Electroplated Copper Film
Authors: Ahn Yoo Min , Ko Yong Jun , Kim Hyun Joon , Lee Dong Ho , Lee Su Kei , Lee Jae Ho
Published: March 2009

This paper discusses the effect of plating condition on the mechanical properties and
residual stress of electroplated Cu film. The inlaid copper structure was fabricated on silicon wafer
where silicon oxide was thermally grown. Seed layer was deposited by sputtering method followed by
copper electro-deposition. Copper was electrodeposited with IBM paddle type electroplating machine
Residual stress, hardness, elastic modulus, and surface roughness of electroplated copper film were
investigated at various organic additives in plating solution and current types with a nanoindenter and
a surface profilometer. The dishing amounts in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) was also
investigated at various additives. The results show that, in the case of residual stress, the copper film
deposited at higher additive or PC current result in lower residual stress. The additives do not
significantly affect the mechanical properties of Cu deposit.
MOCVD Growth of SiC Nanowires Aiming at the Control of their Shape
Authors: Takao S. , Kohno Hideo , Takeda Seiji
Published: March 2009

We report the growth of silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires on silicon substrates by metal
organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using dimethylvinyllsilane [CH2CHSi(CH3)Cl2] as a
source gas and metal catalysts of Ni and Fe. Various growth conditions such as the growth
temperature and the pressure of the source gas are examined to achieve high yield growth of SiC
nanowires and to control their shape. No SiC nanowires were formed when using Fe. In contrast, by
using Ni catalyst, numerous SiC nanowires of about 30 nm thick can be grown at the pressure of the
source gas of 30 Pa at 800 °C. Their microstructure is revealed by scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Preparation of Nano-Particles of Metal Oxides via a Novel Solid-Liquid Mechanochemical Reaction Technology
Authors: Chen Ding , Ni Song , Chen Geng Li , Chen Zhen Hua
Published: March 2009

Nano-particles of metal oxides Mn3O4, Cu2O, Fe3O4, the mixture of Zn(OH)2 and ZnO
have been successfully prepared via a novel solid-liquid mechanochemical reaction technology. The
metal powders are ground in water solutions using planetary ball mill. The solid-liquid reactions can
occur on the surface of the powders and the reacted layer can be continuously peeled off during
milling. The mean sizes of the as-prepared particles are approximately 20~100nm.The formation of
nano-particles is attributed to the reactions between particles and solution as well as the repeated and
quick peeling of the formed oxides on the surface of metal particles. Furthermore, the reaction rate
and phase types of the products can be controlled by adjusting the pH value of the solution.