bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Probabilistic Approach for Breast Boundary Extraction in Mammograms
Authors: Habibi Aghdam Hamed , Puig Domenec , Solanas Agusti
Published: November 2013

The extraction of the breast boundary is crucial to perform further analysis of mammogram. Methods to extract the breast boundary can be classified into two categories: methods based on image processing techniques and those based on models. The former use image transformation techniques such as thresholding, morphological operations, and region growing. In the second category, the boundary is extracted using more advanced techniques, such as the active contour model. The problem with thresholding methods is that it is a hard to automatically find the optimal threshold value by using histogram information. On the other hand, active contour models require defining a starting point close to the actual boundary to be able to successfully extract the boundary. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic approach to address the aforementioned problems. In our approach we use local binary patterns to describe the texture around each pixel. In addition, the smoothness of the boundary is handled by using a new probability model. Experimental results show that the proposed method reaches 38% and 50% improvement with respect to the results obtained by the active contour model and threshold-based methods respectively, and it increases the stability of the boundary extraction process up to 86%.
Improved Thin-Walled Finite Curved Beam Elements
Authors: Kim Nam-Il , Jeon Chan-Ki
Published: November 2013

The two- and three-noded spatially coupled thin-walled finite curved beam elements are presented on the basis of assumed strain fields. These elements consider the extensional/inextensional conditions along the centroid axis of curved beam. For curved beams with the extensional condition, the two-noded element is formulated from constant strain and linear curvature fields. And the strain is assumed as linear filed and curvatures are assumed to be third-order ones for the three-noded element. In addition the normal stress at an arbitrary point of symmetric and non-symmetric cross-sections is explicitly evaluated since strain and curvature functions are assumed independently. In order to illustrate the accuracy and the practical usefulness of the present assumed strain curved beam elements, the displacements and the normal stresses of curved beams are evaluated and compared with the previously published results and the solutions by the shell elements from SAP 2000. The emphasis is given in investigating the influence of inextensibility along the beam axis on the coupled behavior of curved beam with respect to the values of boundary condition, subtended angle, and slenderness ratio.
A Mathematical Model for the Flow Resistance and the Related Hydrodynamic Dispersion Induced by River Dunes
Authors: Pannone Marilena , De Vincenzo Annamaria , Brancati Francesco
Published: November 2013

Present work is aimed at the derivation of a simply usable equation for the total flow resistance associated with river bedforms, by a unifying approach allowing for bypassing some of the limiting restrictions usually adopted in similar types of studies. Specifically, we focused on the effect induced by the out-of-phase free surface undulations appearing in presence of sand dunes. The proposed expression, obtained by combining the balance of momentum referred to the control volume whose longitudinal dimension coincides with the dune wavelength and the energy balance integrated between its extreme sections, was tested by comparison with some laboratory experimental measurements available in the literature and referred to steady flow past fixed, variably rough bedforms. In terms of shear stress or friction factor, the proposed theory provides estimates in good agreement with the real data, especially if evaluated against the performances provided by other classical similar approaches. Moreover, when analyzed in terms of hydrodynamic dispersive properties as a function of the skin roughness on the basis of a previously derived analytical solution, the dune-covered beds seem to behave like meandering channels, responsible for a globally enhanced fluid particles longitudinal spreading, with a relatively reduced effect in the presence of less pronounced riverbed modelling.
Novel Caffeic Acid Nanocarrier: Production, Characterization, and Release Modeling
Authors: Fathi Milad , Mirlohi Maryam , Varshosaz Jaleh , Madani Golnoosh
Published: November 2013

This paper deals with the development of novel nanocarriers using layer by layer carbohydrate coating of caffeic acid loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to improve stability and colon delivery of the poorly water‐soluble caffeic acid. Three biopolymers (chitosan, alginate, and pectin) in different concentrations (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5%) were electrostatically coated over the SLN surface. The size and zeta potential of produced nanocarriers were measured using photon correlation spectroscopy. Mathematical models (i.e., zero‐order, first‐order, Higuchi, Ritger‐Peppas, reciprocal powered time, Weibull, and quadratic models) were used to describe the release and kinetic modeling in gastrointestinal solution (GIS). Also, antioxidant activity of caffeic acid during the release in GIS was investigated using DPPH and reducing activity methods. The prepared treatments coated by alginate‐chitosan as well as pectin‐chitosan coated SLN at the concentration of 0.1% showed nanosized bead; the latter efficiently retarded the release of caffeic acid in gastric media up to 2.5 times higher than that of SLN. Zeta potential values of coated samples were found to significantly increase in comparison to SLN indicating the higher stability of produced nanocarriers. Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid after gastric release did not result in the same trend as observed for caffeic acid release from different treatments; however, in line with less caffeic acid release in the intestine solution by the effect of coating, lower antioxidant activity was determined at the end stage of the experiment.
A Compact Symmetric Microstrip Filter Based on a Rectangular Meandered‐Line Stepped Impedance Resonator with a Triple‐Band Bandstop Response
Authors: Dhakal Rajendra , Kim Nam-Young
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a symmetric‐type microstrip triple‐band bandstop filter incorporating a tri‐section meandered‐line stepped impedance resonator (SIR). The length of each section of the meandered line is 0.16, 0.15, and 0.83 times the guided wavelength (λg), so that the filter features three stop bands at 2.59 GHz, 6.88 GHz, and 10.67 GHz, respectively. Two symmetric SIRs are employed with a microstrip transmission line to obtain wide bandwidths of 1.12, 1.34, and 0.89 GHz at the corresponding stop bands. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit model of the proposed filter is developed, and the model matches the electromagnetic simulations well. The return losses of the fabricated filter are measured to be −29.90 dB, −28.29 dB, and −26.66 dB while the insertion losses are 0.40 dB, 0.90 dB, and 1.10 dB at the respective stop bands. A drastic reduction in the size of the filter was achieved by using a simplified architecture based on a meandered‐line SIR.
Soft Tissue Management and Prosthetic Rehabilitation in a Tongue Cancer Patient
Authors: Romeo Umberto , Lollobrigida Marco , Palaia Gaspare , Laurito Domenica , Cugnetto Riccardo , De Biase Alberto
Published: November 2013

One major challenge in treating head and neck oncologic patients is to achieve an acceptable recovery of physiologic functions compatible with the complete tumor excision. However, after tumor resection, some patients present a surgically altered anatomy incompatible with prosthetic rehabilitation, unless some soft tissue correction is carried out. The aim of the present study is to describe the overall mandibular prosthetic rehabilitation of a postoncologic patient focusing on the possibility of soft tissue correction as a part of the treatment. A 72-year-old woman, who undergone a hemiglossectomy for squamous cell carcinoma several years before, was referred to our department needing a new prosthesis. The patient presented partial mandibular edentulism, defects in tongue mobility, and a bridge of scar tissue connecting one side of the tongue to the alveolar ridge. A diode laser (980 nm) was used to remove the fibrous scar tissue. After reestablishing a proper vestibular depth and soft tissue morphology, two implants were placed in the interforaminal region of the mandible to support an overdenture.
Outcome of a Community-Based Oral Health Promotion Project on Primary Schoolchildren’s Oral Hygiene Habits
Authors: Halonen Heidi , Pesonen Paula , Seppä Liisa , Peltonen Eija , Tjäderhane Leo , Anttonen Vuokko
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a school-based intervention project conducted in a mid-sized Finnish city, Laukaa on schoolchildren’s oral health behavior.Material and Methods. In the intervention, all children received dental education and some of the 7–12-year-old schoolchildren received individual tooth brushing instructions by a dental nurse in 2009-2010. Parents were present at the instruction sessions. In 2009 and 2010, all the children answered a questionnaire or an oral hygienist on their oral health behavior without identification.Results. Tooth brushing frequency increased significantly among the schoolchildren between the years 2009 (61.2%) and 2010 (65%) (); more so among younger children (7–10-year-olds) compared to the older ones (11-12-year-olds). The 2010 results showed a slight trend of decreasing tooth brushing frequency by age both among girls and boys. Younger children got significantly more often parental help or reminding. The girls brushed their teeth significantly more frequently (71.9%) than boys (57.0%).Conclusions. Our findings indicate that oral health intervention can be beneficial on health behavior especially for children at low grades. All children, 11 to 12 years of age, especially boys, need continuous health promotion.
Rate of Convergence of Tikhonov Method of Regularization for Constrained Linear Equations with Operators Having Closed Ranges
Authors: Jaćimović Milojica , Krnić Izedin , Obradović Oleg
Published: November 2013

We derive the estimates of the rate of convergence of the Tikhonov method of regularization for a constrained operator linear equation. In case that the range of the corresponding operator is closed, the estimate is of the same order as the estimates for a linear equation without constraints.
Distributed Broadcast with Minimum Latency in Asynchronous Wireless Sensor Networks under SINR-Based Interference
Authors: Xiao Shiliang , Pan Lebing , Liu Jianpo , Li Baoqing , Yuan Xiaobing
Published: November 2013

Data broadcast is a fundamental operation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The existence of wireless interference makes it nontrivial to design a minimum-latency broadcast scheme, which is known to be NP-hard. Existing works all assume strict time synchronization and provide centralized TDMA scheduling algorithms. However, WSNs in practice are more likely to be distributed asynchronous systems. In this paper, we investigate the problem of data broadcast with minimum latency for distributed asynchronous WSNs. To this end, we propose a Distributed Asynchronous Broadcast (DAB) algorithm which crucially leverages an elaborately optimized carrier-sensing range together with collision-backoff schemes to coordinate the transmissions among the nodes on a predetermined broadcast backbone. Theoretical analysis shows that DAB is order-optimal and achieves constant factor approximation to the optimal delay. We then conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the practical capability of DAB in asynchronous WSNs and the results corroborate our theoretical analysis.
On the Existence of Strongly Consistent Indirect Estimators When the Binding Function Is Compact Valued
Authors: Arvanitis Stelios
Published: November 2013

We provide sufficient conditions for the definition and the existence of strongly consistent indirect estimators when the binding function is a compact valued correspondence. We use conditions that concern the asymptotic behavior of the epigraphs of the criteria involved, a relevant notion of continuity for the binding correspondence as well as an indirect identification condition that restricts the behavior of the aforementioned correspondence. These are generalizations of the analogous results in the relevant literature and hence permit a broader scope of statistical models. We examine simple examples involving Levy and ergodic conditionally heteroskedastic processes.
Research on Face Recognition Based on Embedded System
Authors: Zhao Hong , Liang Xi-Jun , Yang Peng
Published: November 2013

Because a number of image feature data to store, complex calculation to execute during the face recognition, therefore the face recognition process was realized only by PCs with high performance. In this paper, the OpenCV facial Haar-like features were used to identify face region; the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed in quick extraction of face features and the Euclidean Distance was also adopted in face recognition; as thus, data amount and computational complexity would be reduced effectively in face recognition, and the face recognition could be carried out on embedded platform. Finally, based on Tiny6410 embedded platform, a set of embedded face recognition systems was constructed. The test results showed that the system has stable operation and high recognition rate can be used in portable and mobile identification and authentication.
ℋ∞Control for Two-Dimensional Markovian Jump Systems with State-Delays and Defective Mode Information
Authors: Wei Yanling , Wang Mao , Karimi Hamid Reza , Qiu Jianbin
Published: November 2013

This paper investigates the problem ofℋ∞state-feedback control for a class of two-dimensional (2D) discrete-time Markovian jump linear time-delay systems with defective mode information. The mathematical model of the 2D system is established based on the well-known Fornasini-Marchesini local state-space model, and the defective mode information simultaneously consists of the exactly known, partially unknown, and uncertain transition probabilities. By carefully analyzing the features of the transition probability matrices, together with the convexification of uncertain domains, a newℋ∞performance analysis criterion for the underlying system is firstly derived, and then theℋ∞state-feedback controller synthesis is developed via a linearisation technique. It is shown that the controller gains can be constructed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Nonholonomic Geometry of Viscoanelastic Media and Experimental Confirmation
Authors: Ciancio Armando , Cattani Carlo
Published: November 2013

A thermodynamical model for viscoanelastic media is analyzed using the nonholonomic geometry. A 27-dimensional manifold is introduced, and the differential equations for the geodetics are determined and analytically solved. It is shown that, in this manifold, the best specific entropy is a harmonic function. In the linear case the propagation of transverse acoustic waves is studied, and the theoretical results are compared with some experimental data from a polymeric material (polyisobutylene).
Neural Network Predictive Control for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Shen Hai-Feng , Zhu Xin-Jian , Shao Meng , Cao Hong-fei
Published: November 2013

The vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) is a nonlinear system with unknown dynamics and disturbances. The flowrate of the electrolyte is an important control mechanism in the operation of a VRB system. Too low or too high flowrate is unfavorable for the safety and performance of VRB. This paper presents a neural network predictive control scheme to enhance the overall performance of the battery. A radial basis function (RBF) network is employed to approximate the dynamics of the VRB system. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to obtain the optimum initial values of the RBF network parameters. The gradient descent algorithm is used to optimize the objective function of the predictive controller. Compared with the constant flowrate, the simulation results show that the flowrate optimized by neural network predictive controller can increase the power delivered by the battery during the discharge and decrease the power consumed during the charge.
Okadaic Acid, a Bioactive Fatty Acid fromHalichondria okadai, Stimulates Lipolysis in Rat Adipocytes: The Pivotal Role of Perilipin Translocation
Authors: Chang Nen-Chung , Lin Aming Chor-Ming , Hsu Cheng-Chen , Liu Jung-Sheng , Tsui Leo , Chen Chien-Yuan , Jayakumar Thanasekaran , Fong Tsorng-Harn
Published: November 2013

Lipid metabolism in visceral fat cells is correlated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Okadaic-acid, a 38-carbon fatty acid isolated from the black spongeHalichondria okadai, can stimulate lipolysis by promoting the phosphorylation of several proteins in adipocytes. However, the mechanism of okadaic acid-induced lipolysis and the effects of okadaic acid on lipid-droplet-associated proteins (perilipins and beta-actin) remain unclear. We isolated adipocytes from rat epididymal fat pads and treated them with isoproterenol and/or okadaic acid to estimate lipolysis by measuring glycerol release. Incubating adipocytes with okadaic acid stimulated time-dependent lipolysis. Lipid-droplet-associated perilipins and beta-actin were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, and the association of perilipin A and B was found to be decreased in response to isoproterenol or okadaic acid treatment. Moreover, okadaic-acid treatment could enhance isoproterenol-mediated lipolysis, whereas treatment of several inhibitors such as KT-5720 (PKA inhibitor), calphostin C (PKC inhibitor), or KT-5823 (PKG inhibitor) did not attenuate okadaic-acid-induced lipolysis. By contrast, vanadyl acetylacetonate (tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor) blocked okadaic-acid-dependent lipolysis. These results suggest that okadaic acid induces the phosphorylation and detachment of lipid-droplet-associated perilipin A and B from the lipid droplet surface and thereby leads to accelerated lipolysis.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation Modulates the Vascular Responses of Mesenteric Arteries from Human Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Ferrero Eduardo , Mauricio María Dolores , Granado Miriam , García-Villar Oscar , Aldasoro Martín , Vila José María , Hidalgo Manuel , Ferrero Jorge Luis , Fernández Nuria , Monge Luis , García-Villalón Ángel Luis
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study was to analyze whether tyrosine phosphorylation in tumoral arteries may modulate their vascular response. To do this, mesenteric arteries supplying blood flow to colorectal tumors or to normal intestine were obtained during surgery and prepared for isometric tension recording in an organ bath. Increasing tyrosine phosphorylation with the phosphatase inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate produced arterial contraction which was lower in tumoral than in control arteries, whereas it reduced the contraction to noradrenaline in tumoral but not in control arteries and reduced the relaxation to bradykinin in control but not in tumoral arteries. Protein expression of VEGF-A and of the VEGF receptor FLT1 was similar in control and tumoral arteries, but expression of the VEGF receptor KDR was increased in tumoral compared with control arteries. This suggests that tyrosine phosphorylation may produce inhibition of the contraction in tumoral mesenteric arteries, which may increase blood flow to the tumor when tyrosine phosphorylation is increased by stimulation of VEGF receptors.
Transition from Hepatopulmonary Syndrome to Portopulmonary Hypertension: A Case Series of 3 Patients
Authors: Zopey Radhika , Susanto Irawan , Barjaktarevic Igor , Wang Tisha
Published: November 2013

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (PPHTN) are the two major pulmonary vascular complications of liver disease. While HPS is characterized by low pulmonary vascular resistance, PPHTN is defined by the presence of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Given these seemingly opposing pathophysiologic mechanisms, these conditions were traditionally felt to be mutually exclusive. In this series, we present three patients with severe hepatopulmonary syndrome who had spontaneous resolution of their HPS with the subsequent development of PPHTN. To our knowledge, this is the largest case series presented of this phenomenon in nontransplanted patients. One proposed mechanism for the occurrence of this phenomenon involves dysregulation of the same vascular signaling pathway, which may lead to both pulmonary vascular dilatations and pulmonary arterial remodeling in the same patient. Another theory involves the possible differential binding of endothelin-1, a vasoactive signaling peptide that induces vasoconstriction when bound to receptor A and vasodilation when bound to receptor B. Although the mechanisms for this phenomenon remain unclear, it is important to be vigilant of this phenomenon as it may change the patient's overall treatment plan, especially in regard to appropriateness and timing of liver transplant.
Image Encryption Scheme Based on Balanced Two-Dimensional Cellular Automata
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Chao , Zhong Sheng , Yao Qian
Published: November 2013

Cellular automata (CA) are simple models of computation which exhibit fascinatingly complex behavior. Due to the universality of CA model, it has been widely applied in traditional cryptography and image processing. The aim of this paper is to present a new image encryption scheme based on balanced two-dimensional cellular automata. In this scheme, a random image with the same size of the plain image to be encrypted is first generated by a pseudo-random number generator with a seed. Then, the random image is evoluted alternately with two balanced two-dimensional CA rules. At last, the cipher image is obtained by operating bitwise XOR on the final evolution image and the plain image. This proposed scheme possesses some advantages such as very large key space, high randomness, complex cryptographic structure, and pretty fast encryption/decryption speed. Simulation results obtained from some classical images at the USC-SIPI database demonstrate the strong performance of the proposed image encryption scheme.
Jiao Tai Wan Attenuates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Huang Zhaoyi , Xu Xiaohu , Lu Fuer , Wang Nan , Chen Guang , Zhao Yan , Zou Xin , Wang Kaifu , Dong Hui , Xu Lijun
Published: November 2013

Jiao Tai Wan (JTW), a Chinese herbal formula containing Rhizoma Coptidis and Cortex Cinnamomi, has been used for diabetic treatment for many years. The aim of this study was to determine the main components in JTW and to investigate the effects of JTW on hepatic lipid accumulation in diabetic rats and humans. JTW extract was prepared and the main components were assayed by HPLC. An animal model of diabetes mellitus was established and JTW was administered intragastrically. In the clinical study, diabetic patients with poor glycemic control were treated with JTW. Blood glucose and lipid parameters, liver histology, hepatic triglyceride content and lipogenic gene expression were examined. Our data demonstrated that JTW significantly improved hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in diabetic rats. This was accompanied by the down-regulation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) protein expressions, and the up-regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylated-ACC (pACC) protein expressions in the liver tissues. Diabetic patients also exhibited decreases in their hepatic triglyceride content. The results suggest that JTW attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation in diabetic rats and humans. These beneficial effects are possibly associated with the inhibition of lipogenic gene expression in the liver.
A Note of Filters in Effect Algebras
Authors: Meng Biao Long , Xin Xiao Long
Published: November 2013

We investigate relations of the two classes of
filters in effect algebras (resp., MV-algebras). We prove that a lattice filter in a lattice ordered effect algebra
(resp., MV-algebra) does not need to be an effect algebra filter
(resp., MV-filter). In general, in MV-algebras, every MV-filter is
also a lattice filter. Every lattice filter in a lattice ordered
effect algebra is an effect algebra filter if and only if is an
orthomodular lattice. Every lattice filter in an MV-algebra is
an MV-filter if and only if is a Boolean algebra.
Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Nanofluids by Using a Revised Water‐Assisted Synthesis Method
Authors: Teng Tun-Ping , Lin Li , Yu Chao-Chieh
Published: November 2013

A revised water‐assisted synthesis system (RWAS) was used to fabricate carbon/water nanofluids (CWNFs). The CWNFs were manufactured by heating graphite rods at different temperatures (700, 800, 900, and 1000°C). Aspects of the CWNFs and suspended nanocarbon, such as the morphology, structure, optical characteristics, and production rate, were fully characterized. Furthermore, the suspension performance of the CWNFs was controlled by adding a dispersant (water‐soluble chitosan) at different concentrations. Finally, the CWNFs were determined to assess the influence of both the heating temperature of the graphite rod module (process temperature) and the dispersant concentration on the fundamental characteristics of the CWNFs. The results showed that the nanocarbon was a mixture of nanocrystalline graphite and amorphous carbon. Heating the graphite rod module at higher process temperatures resulted in a higher production rate and a greater nanocarbon particle size. Furthermore, adding dispersant could improve the suspension performance; increase the viscosity, density, and specific heat; and reduce the thermal conductivity of the CWNFs. The optimal combination of the process temperature range and dispersant concentration was 800 to 900°C and 0.2 wt.%, respectively, based on the production rate, suspension performance, and other fundamental properties of the CWNFs.
Asthma Management in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Gomez Esteban , Morris Claudia R.
Published: November 2013

Asthma is a common comorbid factor in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, the incidence of asthma in SCD is much higher than expected compared to rates in the general population. Whether “asthma” in SCD is purely related to genetic and environmental factors or rather is the consequence of the underlying hemolytic and inflammatory state is a topic of recent debate. Regardless of the etiology, hypoxemia induced by bronchoconstriction and inflammation associated with asthma exacerbations will contribute to a cycle of sickling and subsequent complications of SCD. Recent studies confirm that asthma predisposes to complications of SCD such as pain crises, acute chest syndrome, and stroke and is associated with increased mortality. Early recognition and aggressive standard of care management of asthma may prevent serious pulmonary complications and reduce mortality. However, data regarding the management of asthma in SCD is very limited. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of current asthma therapy in patients with SCD and coincident asthma, while mechanistic studies are needed to delineate the underlying pathophysiology.
Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for Analysis of Rifaximin in Pharmaceutical Formulations and an Application to Acidic Degradation Kinetic Study
Authors: Patel Kalpana G. , Jain Nitesh R. , Shah Purvi A.
Published: November 2013

A specific stability indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for analysis of rifaximin both as a bulk drug and in formulations was developed and validated. The method employed HPTLC aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase. The optimized mobile phase system consisted of n-hexane : 2-propanol : acetone : ammonia (5 : 4.1 : 1, v/v/v/v), which gave compact spots for rifaximin at of 0.59 ± 0.03. Rifaximin was subjected to forced degradation studies in order to check the specificity of the method. Densitometric analysis of rifaximin was carried out in the absorbance reflectance mode at 443 nm. The calibration plots showed linear relationship in the concentration range of 400–3200 ng per band. Moreover, linearity was also confirmed by verification of homoscedasticity of variance. According to validation studies, the developed method was repeatable and specific as revealed by % RSD less than 2 and hence can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical formulation. Moreover, the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products; hence it can be employed as a stability indicating one. The kinetics of acid degradation process at various temperatures was also investigated and first-order rate constant, half-life, shelf life, and activation energy were computed.
Influence of Distal Resistance and Proximal Stiffness on Hemodynamics and RV Afterload in Progression and Treatments of Pulmonary Hypertension: A Computational Study with Validation Using Animal Models
Authors: Su Zhenbi , Tan Wei , Shandas Robin , Hunter Kendall S.
Published: November 2013

We develop a simple computational model based on measurements from a hypoxic neonatal calf model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) to investigate the interplay between vascular and ventricular measures in the setting of progressive PH. Model parameters were obtained directly fromin vivoandex vivomeasurements of neonatal calves. Seventeen sets of model-predicted impedance and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) show good agreement with the animal measurements, thereby validating the model. Next, we considered a predictive model in which three parameters, PVR, elastic modulus (EM), and arterial thickness, were varied singly from one simulation to the next to study their individual roles in PH progression. Finally, we used the model to predict the individual impacts of clinical (vasodilatory) and theoretical (compliance increasing) PH treatments on improving pulmonary hemodynamics. Our model (1) displayed excellent patient-specific agreement with measured global pulmonary parameters; (2) quantified relationships between PVR and mean pressure and PVS and pulse pressure, as well as studiying the right ventricular (RV) afterload, which could be measured as a hydraulic load calculated from spectral analysis of pulmonary artery pressure and flow waves; (3) qualitatively confirmed the derangement of vascular wall shear stress in progressive PH; and (4) established that decreasing proximal vascular stiffness through a theoretical treatment of reversing proximal vascular remodeling could decrease RV afterload.
Delay-Distribution-Dependent Consensus for Second-Order Leader-Follower Nonlinear Multiagent Systems via Pinning Control
Authors: Li Hongjie , Chen Ming , Shen Shigen , Li Lin
Published: November 2013

This paper investigates the consensus problem for second-order leader-follower nonlinear multiagent systems with general network topologies. A pinning control algorithm is proposed, where it includes time-varying delay information. By using the information of delay-partition and delay-distribution and constructing an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, the consensus criteria are derived to achieve leader-follower consensus for multiagent systems, which are in the form of linear inequalities that can be solved by employing the semidefinite programme method. Moreover, this paper addresses what kind of agents and how many agents should be pinned. Two numerical examples are presented to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Comparison of Long‐Term Effect of Dual‐Chamber Pacing and Alcohol Septal Ablation in Patients with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Krejci Jan , Gregor Pavel , Zemanek David , Vyskocilova Klaudia , Curila Karol , Stepanova Radka , Novak Miroslav , Groch Ladislav , Veselka Josef
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Nonpharmacological treatment of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) comprises surgical myectomy (SME), alcohol septal ablation (ASA), and dual‐chamber (DDD) pacing. The aim of the study was to compare the long‐term effect of DDD pacing and ASA in symptomatic HOCM patients. Patients and Methods. We evaluated retrospective data from three cardiocenters; there were 24 patients treated with DDD pacing included and 52 treated with ASA followed for 101 ± 49 and 87 ± 23 months, respectively. Results. In the group treated with DDD pacing, the left ventricle outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) decreased from 82 ± 44 mmHg to 21 ± 21 mmHg, and NYHA class improved from 2.7 ± 0.5 to 2.1 ± 0.6 (both P < 0.001). In the ASA‐treated group, a decline in LVOTG from 73 ± 38 mmHg to 24 ± 26 mmHg and reduction in NYHA class from 2.8 ± 0.5 to 1.7 ± 0.8 were observed (both P < 0.001). The LVOTG change was similar in both groups (P = 0.264), and symptoms were more affected by ASA (P = 0.001). Conclusion. ASA and DDD pacing were similarly effective in reducing LVOTG. The symptoms improvement was more expressed in patients treated with ASA.
Variable-Temperature Size Exclusion Chromatography for the Study of the Structural Changes in G-Quadruplex
Authors: Benabou Sanae , Eritja Ramon , Gargallo Raimundo
Published: November 2013

The conformational equilibria of a guanine-rich sequence found at the promoter region of the human c-kit oncogene are studied by means of circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) and variable-temperature size exclusion chromatography (SEC). It is shown that the wild sequence ckit21 exists as a mixture of monomeric and multimeric G-quadruplexes. Appropriate mutation of several bases in the wild sequence produces the shift from parallel to antiparallel G-quadruplex, as well as the disappearance of multimeric species. The shift from the antiparallel to the parallel conformation induced by temperature is reflected in both CD and SEC profiles.
Some Fundamental Aspects of Mechanics of Nanocomposite Materials and Structural Members
Authors: Guz Alexander N. , Rushchitsky Jeremiah J.
Published: November 2013

This paper is devoted to formulation and analysis of fundamental aspects of mechanics of nanocomposite materials and structural members. These aspects most likely do not exhaust all of the possible fundamental characteristics of mechanics of nanocomposite materials and structural members, but, nevertheless, they permit to form the skeleton of direction of mechanics in hand. The proposed nine aspects are described and commented briefly.
A Rare Component of Psammomatous Meningioma in a Testicular Teratoma
Authors: Castro Pereira Fábio Meira , de Oliveira Marbele Guimarães , Almeida Laiana do Carmo , Pires Bruno Cunha , de Bessa Júnior José
Published: November 2013

We report a case of a psammomatous variant of meningioma arising in a pure and mature testicular teratoma. At immunohistochemistry, the meningiomatous component showed epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, and vimentin positive. Benign neoplasms arising in testicular teratomas are extremely rare. To our knowledge, we have not found any such report of psammomatous variant of meningioma in a testicular teratoma and any meningioma arising in a pure and mature testicular teratoma. This is a unique phenomenon.
Acute Effects of an Energy Drink on Myocardial Function Assessed by Conventional Echo-Doppler Analysis and by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography on Young Healthy Subjects
Authors: Menci Daniele , Righini Francesca Maria , Cameli Matteo , Lisi Matteo , Benincasa Susanna , Focardi Marta , Mondillo Sergio
Published: November 2013

Purpose. Previous studies have underlined the effects of the energy drinks containing caffeine end taurine on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to determine acute changes on echocardiographic parameters assessed by conventional echo-Doppler analysis and by speckle tracking echocardiography after the consumption of an energy drink in a young healthy population. Methods. measurement of blood pressure, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic examination were performed on 35 healthy subjects (mean age 25 ± 2 years, 16 men), at baseline and one hour after the consumption of a body surface area indexed amount of an energy drink (168 mL/m2) containing caffeine (0.03%) and taurine (0.4%). Results. The analysis of left ventricular function showed a significant increase of mean relative values of MAPSE (+11%; ), global longitudinal strain (+10%, ), and left ventricular twisting (+22%, ) in respect to baseline. Also, right ventricular function parameters appeared significantly increased after energy drink consumption, as TAPSE (+15%, ), global, and free wall right ventricular longitudinal strain (+8%, ; +5%, , resp.). Conclusion. In conclusion, the consumption of the ED in our population showed a significant increase of right and left ventricular myocardial function, suggesting a possible positive inotropic effect related to the substances contained therein.
Cultivation-Dependant Assessment, Diversity, and Ecology of Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria in Arid Saline Systems of Southern Tunisia
Authors: El Hidri Darine , Guesmi Amel , Najjari Afef , Cherif Hanen , Ettoumi Besma , Hamdi Chadlia , Boudabous Abdellatif , Cherif Ameur
Published: November 2013

Haloalkaliphiles are polyextremophiles adapted to grow at high salt concentrations and alkaline pH values. In this work, we isolated 122 haloalkaliphilic bacteria upon enrichments of 23 samples from 5 distinct saline systems of southern Tunisia, growing optimally in media with 10% salt and at pH 10. The collection was classified into 44 groups based on the amplification of the 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS-PCR). Phylogenetic analysis and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes allowed the identification of 13 genera and 20 distinct species. Three gram-positive isolates showing between 95 and 96% of 16S rRNA sequence homology with Bacillus saliphilus could represent new species or genus. Beside the difference in bacterial diversity between the studied sites, several species ecological niches correlations were demonstrated such asOceanobacillusin salt crust,Nesterenkoniain sand, andSalinicoccusin the rhizosphere of the desert plantSalicornia. The collection was further evaluated for the production of extracellular enzymes. Activity tests showed that gram-positive bacteria were mostly active, particularly for protease, lipase, DNase, and amylase production. Our overall results demonstrate the huge phenotypic and phylogenetic diversity of haloalkaliphiles in saline systems of southern Tunisia which represent a valuable source of new lineages and metabolites.
An Experimental Simulation to Validate FEM to Predict Transverse Young’s Modulus of FRP Composites
Authors: Sai V. S. , Satyanarayana M. R. S. , Murthy V. B. K. , Rao G. S. , Prasad A. S.
Published: November 2013

Finite element method finds application in the analysis of FRP composites due to its versatility in getting the solution for complex cases which are not possible by exact classical analytical approaches. The finite element result is questionable unless it is obtained from converged mesh and properly validated. In the present work specimens are prepared with metallic materials so that the arrangement of fibers is close to hexagonal packing in a matrix as similar arrangement in case of FRP is complex due to the size of fibers. Transverse Young’s moduli of these specimens are determined experimentally. Equivalent FE models are designed and corresponding transverse Young’s moduli are compared with the experimental results. It is observed that the FE values are in good agreement with the experimental results, thus validating FEM for predicting transverse modulus of FRP composites.
Correlation of Abdominal Fat Distribution with Different Types of Diabetes in a Chinese Population
Authors: Zhu Anhui , Cui Bin , Dang Haodan , Yao Dan , Yu Haitao , Jia Hongmin , Hu Zhijun , Zhang Xiaojin
Published: November 2013

To investigate abdominal fat distribution in Chinese subjects with diabetes and its correlation with different types of diabetes. A total of 176 diabetic subjects were enrolled, 92 with type 1 and 84 with type 2, with a mean age of 27.41 and 49.3 yrs. No subject has history of severe diseases. Multi-slice CT was used to measure total abdominal adipose (TA) and visceral adipose (VA) tissues. Subcutaneous adipose (SA) tissue was obtained by subtracting VA from TA. There were differences between subjects with T1DM and T2DM for TA, VA, SA, VA/SA, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein, but not total Cholesterol or low density lipoprotein. There were positive correlations between TA, VA, SA, VA/SA and T1DM and T2DM (P<0.05andr>0.86). In subjects with T1DM, VA was negatively correlated with HDL, positively with BMI and age, and SA was positively correlated with BMI and sex (P<0.05andr>0.86for all). In subjects with T2DM, VA was positively correlated to BMI, TG and age, and SA was positively correlated to TG and sex (P<0.05andr>0.86for all). Abdominal fat content was positively correlated to diabetes in Chinese, which differs in different types of diabetes.
On the Involute-Evolute of the Pseudonull Curve in Minkowski 3-Space
Authors: Ozturk Ufuk , Koc Ozturk Esra Betul , Ilarslan Kazim
Published: November 2013

We have generalized the involute and evolute curves of the pseudonull curves in ; that is, is a spacelike curve with a null principal normal. Firstly, we have shown that there is no involute of the pseudonull curves in . Secondly, we have found relationships between the evolute curveβand the pseudonull curve in . Finally, some examples concerning these relations are given.
Equivalent Mathematical Representation of Second-Order Damped, Driven Nonlinear Oscillators
Authors: Elías-Zúñiga Alex , Martínez-Romero Oscar
Published: November 2013

The aim of this paper focuses on applying a nonlinearization method to transform forced, damped nonlinear equations of motion of oscillatory systems into the well-known forced, damped Duffing equation. The accuracy obtained from the derived equivalent equations of motion is evaluated by studying the amplitude-time, the phase portraits, and the continuous wavelet transform diagrams of the cubic-quintic Duffing equation, the generalized pendulum equation, the power-form elastic term oscillator, the Duffing equation with linear and cubic damped terms, and the pendulum equation with a cubic damped term.
Research on the Comparison and Selection of Street Network Patterns with Gridiron Structures
Authors: Shi Fei , Wang Wei , Xu Jiangang
Published: November 2013

First, this paper compiled a retrospective of the disputes and reviewed relevant research findings of street network patterns and pointed out that there is still a lack of deep and ongoing research into street patterns and their characteristics from the visual angle of traffic efficiency. By applying operation research, a very important theoretical method, and facing raising traffic efficiency and reducing travel time, this paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the street patterns composed of different road densities, road widths, and traffic control measures. Finally, this paper draws the following conclusion after comparison: high-density one-way street network patterns are very suitable for urban core areas and other easily congested areas, but not all areas of a city. In suburbs, peripheral areas, and other noncongested areas of a city, low-density and large-spacing street patterns are more applicable and should be applied more.
Development of Glass/Jute Fibers Reinforced Polyester Composite
Authors: Bindal Amit , Singh Satnam , Batra N. K. , Khanna Rajesh
Published: November 2013

Composites play significant role as engineering material and their use has been increasing day by day due to their specific properties such as high strength to weight ratios, high modulus to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. In present work, an attempt is made to hybridize the material using synthetic (glass) as well as natural fibres (chemically treated jute), such that to reduce the overall use of synthetic reinforcement, to reduce the overall cost, and to enhance the mechanical properties. All composite specimens with different weight percentages of fibres were manufactured using hand lay-up process and testing was done by using ASTM standards. Experimental results revealed that hybridization of composite with natural and synthetic fibres shows enhanced tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength. The content of natural reinforcement was found to be in the range of 25–33.3% for best results. The effect of treated jute on flexural properties was more than that on tensile properties, which was due to greater stiffness of jute fibers. Chemical treatment of jute fibers lowers the water absorption and results were comparable to glass fiber reinforced polyester composites. The addition of jute also reduced the overall cost by 22.18%.
Ligand‐Based Pharmacophore Modeling and Virtual Screening of RAD9 Inhibitors
Authors: Prasad Nirmal K. , Kanakaveti Vishnupriya , Eadlapalli Siddhartha , Vadde Ramakrishna , Meetei Angamba Potshangbam , Vindal Vaibhav
Published: November 2013

Human RAD9 is a key cell‐cycle checkpoint protein that participates in DNA repair, activation of multiple cell cycle phase checkpoints, and apoptosis. Aberrant RAD9 expression has been linked to breast, lung, thyroid, skin, and prostate tumorigenesis. Overexpression of RAD9 interacts with BCL‐2 proteins and blocks the binding sites of BCL‐2 family proteins to interact with chemotherapeutic drugs and leads to drug resistance. Focusing on this interaction, the present study was designed to identify the interaction sites of RAD9 to bind BCL‐2 protein and also to inhibit RAD9‐BCL‐2 interactions by designing novel small molecule inhibitors using pharmacophore modeling and to restore BCL‐2 for interacting with anticancer drugs. The bioactive molecules of natural origin act as excellent leads for new drug development. Thus, in the present study, we used the compounds of natural origin like camptothecin, ascididemin, and Dolastatin and also compared them with synthetic molecule NSC15520. The results revealed that camptothecin can act as an effective inhibitor among all the ligands taken and can be used as an RAD9 inhibitor. The amino acids ARG45 and ALA134 of RAD9 protein are interacting commonly with the drugs and BCL‐2 protein.
Is Ridge Cultivation Sustainable? A Case Study from the Haean Catchment, South Korea
Authors: Ruidisch Marianne , Arnhold Sebastian , Huwe Bernd , Bogner Christina
Published: November 2013

Non-sustainable agricultural practices can alter the quality of soil and water. A sustainable soil management requires detailed understanding of how tillage affects soil quality, erosion, and leaching processes. Agricultural soils in the Haean catchment (South Korea) are susceptible to erosion by water during the monsoon. For years, erosion-induced losses have been compensated by spreading allochthonous sandy material on the fields. These anthropogenically modified soils are used for vegetable production, and crops are cultivated in ridges using plastic mulches. To evaluate whether the current practice of ridge cultivation is sustainable with regard to soil quality and soil and water conservation, we (i) analysed soil properties of topsoils and (ii) carried out dye tracer experiments. Our results show that the sandy topsoils have a very low soil organic matter content and a poor structure and lack soil burrowers. The artificial layering induced by spreading sandy material supported lateral downhill water flow. Ridge tillage and plastic mulching strongly increased surface runoff and soil erosion. We conclude that for this region a comprehensive management plan, which aims at long-term sustainable agriculture by protecting topsoils, increasing soil organic matter, and minimizing runoff and soil erosion, is mandatory for the future.