bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic zinc versus placebo lozenges in preventing post-operative sore throat following intubation using king vision video laryngoscope: A comparative study
Authors: Anas Parappurath  , Kedlaya Arpana , Ollapally Anjali T M
Published: October 2024

Background: Post-operative sore throat (POST) can be a cause of great discomfort after endotracheal intubation with an incidence of up to 65%. While there are studies demonstrating the efficacy of prophylactic zinc lozenges in decreasing POST in patients intubated using MacIntosh laryngoscope, similar studies with King Vision video laryngoscope (KVVL) are lacking. Hence, we conducted this study to assess whether similar beneficial effects can be seen in South Indian patients.
Aims and Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic zinc lozenges for the prevention of POST in patients intubated using channeled KVVL. The Secondary objectives were to assess the severity of POST, the duration of laryngoscopy, and the number of intubation attempts and their effect on POST.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective comparative trial, 94 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status one and two patients, randomized into two groups received either 40 mg of a zinc lozenge or a placebo, 30 min before endotracheal intubation POST was evaluated after surgery at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h.
Results: The overall incidence of POST in the zinc group was 13.18% and in the placebo group was 26.37% resulting in an almost 50% reduction in the overall incidence of POST.
Conclusion: The administration of zinc lozenge 30 min preoperatively is effective to reduce the incidence of POST in the immediate and early post-operative period.
Effect of students’ seminar as a revision strategy in biochemistry among I MBBS students in a medical college in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sivakumar J  , Anitha G  , Dhinesh G
Published: October 2024

Background: Small group teaching is one of the components of competency-based medical education which was implemented in 2019 by NMC. Seminar is one of the methods of small group teaching which increases the engagement of students, self-directed learning, communication skills, and peer discussion.
Aims and Objectives: The present idea is to study the effect of students’ seminar as a revision strategy in Biochemistry among I MBBS students.
Materials and Methods: After obtaining the IEC approval, I MBBS students who are 250 in number will be divided into small groups. Each group will be given a particular seminar topic. All the students in the particular group will be instructed to present the topic on random basis. A total of 15 seminars will be conducted on particular topics. Pre-tests and post-tests (immediately after the seminar) will be conducted after the seminars along with pre-test and post-test questionnaires will be obtained and collated to understand how far the student’s acceptance of students’ seminar and its effectiveness.
Results: Our study results showed that that there is an increase in the percentage of marks in the post-evaluation and also more than 70% of the students responded positively to most of the queries in the feedback questionnaire.
Conclusion: Our study results showed that there is an increase in the percentage of marks in the post-evaluation and also more than 70% of the students responded positively to most of the queries in the feedback questionnaire.
Hepatitis B and/or C virus reactivation in patients receiving chemotherapy: An observational study
Authors: Navin Nayan  , Arumugam Velappan
Published: October 2024

Background: Viral hepatitis reactivation occurs during various chemotherapy treatments. Patients with high serum titer levels of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA before chemotherapy and those receiving intensive chemotherapy for hematological malignancies are particularly at risk.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the incidence, predictors, and clinical significance of HBV and hepatitis C virus reactivations during chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center. Hepatitis B and C virus status was identified before the initiation of cancer treatment. Liver function was monitored in all patients before each cycle of chemotherapy. Patients with deranged liver function were subjected to repeated viral antigen tests and DNA/RNA titer levels.
Results: A total of 110 patients were identified as having hepatitis virus reactivation out of 1190 patients. The sites of malignancy were breast, 39.1% (43 patients); colorectal, 11.8% (13 patients); upper gastrointestinal, 10% (11 patients); ovary, 9.1% (10 patients); hematological malignancies, 8.2% (9 patients); lung, 5.6% (6 patients); genitourinary, 4.5% (5 patients); head-and-neck, 4.5% (5 patients); biliary tract, 3.6% (4 patients); brain tumor, 1.8% (2 patients); and others, 1.8% (2 patients). Most of the patients with reactivation received 5-FU/Capecitabine-based chemotherapy 37.3%, (41 patients), taxane plus platinum (10.9%, 12 patients), taxane only (10%, 11 patients), trastuzumab (8.2%, 9 patients), platinum-based (6.4%, 7 patients), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (6.4%, 7 patients), monoclonal antibodies (MABs) (3.6%, 4 patients), anthracyclines (2.7%, 3 patients), immunomodulators (2.7%, 3 patients), and other agents (11.8%, 13 patients).
Conclusion: We recommend that Hepatitis B and C virus Screening must me performed before chemotherapy and that non-reactive patients should be vaccinated.
Sociodemographic profile, clinical spectrum, and centers for disease control and prevention categorical evaluation of wound sepsis: Experience in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Kadian Kiran , Singh Parul , Jain Shaveta , Dahiya Pushpa , Chauhan Meenakshi Barsaul , Goel Nidhi
Published: October 2024

Background: Over the last decade, the rate of cesarean sections has steadily increased owing to various reasons, and along with it the incidence of wound sepsis. Different risk factors identified are maternal age, socioeconomic status, educational status, antenatal visits, pregestational diabetes, obesity, recurrent pregnancy losses, duration of surgery, preterm rupture of membranes, etc. Hence, assessing infections and their management is an integral part of health care, as it helps develop strategies for prevention, better management of infection, reducing the hospital stay, and cost of healthcare.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess and note the variability of social and demographic profiles of patients undergoing cesarean sections and developing wound infection, along with its various presentations and categories.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients who developed wound sepsis after undergoing cesarean section at a tertiary center in India.
Results: Among the patients enrolled, 35.83% were illiterate and 45.83% were educated up to the tenth standard. About 74% of patients were not registered during the antenatal period. Furthermore, the majority of patients were overweight and obese (74%) and were from lower socioeconomic strata. About 85% of the patients who developed wound infection had their surgery lasting for more than 60 minutes. About 87.50% developed a superficial category of infection, and 68.33% presented within the first 5 days of surgery. Patients with deep infected wounds had significantly bigger wounds and longer hospitalization.
Conclusion: Illiteracy and lower socioeconomic conditions predispose women to wound sepsis. A longer duration of surgery was associated with a higher risk of infection. Superficial wounds are the most common type of infection encountered. Deep and organ space categories of wound infection are associated with increased morbidity and longer hospitalization warranting aggressive management. Reducing the incidence of wound sepsis can help to reduce morbidity by identifying risk factors before pregnancy and supporting the implementation of preconception counseling centers and prenatal programs to educate and raise awareness among patients.
Association of Hashimoto thyroiditis with papillary thyroid carcinoma and its clinical features – A retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pradhan Rajashree , Goswami Chirasri , Sikder Mrinal , Upasana Mukherjee  , Mondal Sajeeb
Published: October 2024

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most widespread endocrine malignancy. Among the several risk factors, Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is one of the factors associated with increased incidence of PTC. Both HT and PTC share several epidemiologic features including high prevalence, female predominance, and increased incidence in iodine-sufficient areas.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of HT and PTC coexistent in endemic population. The study also aimed to determine the association of various prognostic parameters of PTC in patients with coexistent HT.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study done from May 2019 to May 2024 over a period of 5 years in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal. A total of 54 patients with primary PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy with cervical lymph node dissection (LND) were studied. Patients with primary PTC with neck LND and complete medical history were included in this study. Patients with previous thyroidectomy surgery or patients with incidental PTC diagnosed in thyroidectomy specimens done for a benign neoplasm (without LND) were excluded from the study.
Results: A total of 54 cases of PTC were studied out of which 23 cases were PTC associated with HT and 31 cases were PTC without HT constituting 42.59% and 57.4%, respectively. PTC associated with HT had a greater incidence in females. In this study, our results showed that PTC with HT had a greater tendency of tumor multifocality, greater mean lymph node size, and increase rate of extranodal tumor extension. At the same time, patients of PTC associated with HT had smaller tumor size and low clinical stage.
Conclusion: PTC associated with HT had a female preponderance, larger metastatic lymph node, a tendency for multifocality, and extranodal extension. At the same, they also had smaller tumor size and low clinical stage indicating a complex and controversial effect of HT on PTC.
An observational study on variations of serum uric acid level in patients of depression and healthy controls and its correlation with hidden bipolarity
Authors: Shaswata Mandal  , Rudraprasad Acharya  , Meghadipa Mandal  , Anirban Chakrabarty
Published: October 2024

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most studied psychiatric disorders, this being one of the leading causes of disability in young individuals. In search for its predictive biomarker, serum uric acid (UA) level was seen to have a pathophysiologic role in the genesis of BD through oxidative stress and other mechanism.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate serum UA levels in patients with 1st episode depression, to compare serum UA levels between patients and matched healthy controls and to compare serum UA levels between patients with and without hidden bipolarity and therefore, and to evaluate whether it can be used as a predictor of bipolarity.
Materials and Methods: A study was conducted in a tertiary care center in Eastern India for a duration of 3 months with a sample size of 92, comprising 46 cases with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 46 control groups of healthy subjects. Their serum UA levels were estimated. The study population was subjected to a mood disorder questionnaire (MDQ) and Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scoring. All these data were tabulated in a master sheet and analyzed using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences 25 software.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 32 years with 46 males and 46 females. The mean UA levels for MDD group was 5.27±1.14 mg/dL and for control group was 4.6±1.2 mg/dL, which was seen to be statistically significant (P=0.001). No statistically significant association was seen between the group with a high likelihood of bipolarity versus a low chance of bipolarity with respect to UA levels. A positive correlation was seen between MDQ scores and UA levels of depressed individuals (using Spearmen’s rho: rs=0.345, P=0.019), but not with their MADRS scores.
Conclusion: Serum UA levels are significantly higher in depressed patients as compared to healthy subjects. A non-statistical association was seen between UA levels and their bipolar tendencies, owing to a small sample size of comparable groups. However, a higher MDQ score was associated with high UA levels. A larger study population is needed to conclusively establish the predictive role of UA with respect to BD.
Clinical assessment of ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital: An observational study
Authors: Pradip Kumar Saha  , Subrata Samanta  , Niharika Sarkar  , Sharma Shreya
Published: October 2024

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is defined as pregnancy that occurs outside normal uterine cavity that occurs due to implantation of fertilized ovum in an aberrant site which is conducive to its growth and development. In developing countries like India, late presentations with tubal rupture and hemodynamic instability, late presentations with tubal rupture causes first trimester maternal morbidity and mortality. For early diagnosis, a clinician should be well aware about the various presentations of ectopic pregnancy.
Aims and Objectives: (a) To estimate the incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations and outcome following different management protocol. (b) To estimate the morbidity and mortality with respect to different types of presentation and management. (c) To understand the need for clinical assessment in order to diagnose early and provide urgent intervention and also to lean toward the possibility of conservative approach in order to preserve fertility.
Materials and Methods: The current study was a time bound, Observational descriptive study with Longitudinal design. It was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, between March 2021 and August 2022. One hundred and thirty-eight participants, suspected to have ectopic pregnancy were enrolled for the study. Data collection was done by detailed history taking and physical examination. The basic investigations including hemoglobin, ABO and Rhesus typing, urine pregnancy test, and ultrasound (USG) examination were done. All data were collected on a structural data form and analyzed for descriptive statistics. Post-operative histopathological examination (HPE) reports were collected and final diagnosis was made.
Results: About 63.8% of the study population belonged to 21–30 years of age. About 63.7% patients presented with >5–8 weeks of amenorrhea. About 18.1% of the study population were sterilized and the duration between the sterilization and the occurrence of ectopic was 4–10 years in 64% patients. The most common risk factor was h/o Previous C-section (31.8%). The most common clinical symptom was abdominal pain present in 131 (94.9%), 44 (31.9%) participants had all the three classical symptoms with 100% specificity. On examination, forniceal fullness/tenderness was the most specific finding. The most common USG finding was Adnexal mass with empty Uterine cavity with Free fluid (49.2%). Most of the patients were managed with Partial Salpingectomy (30.4%). The final diagnosis of ectopic was made in 129 patients, which was confirmed by HPE reports in 124 patients. Five patients underwent medical treatment.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis before rupture and referral are the key factor in reducing the maternal morbidity and mortality.
Recent trend in the care of chronic kidney disease patients: A shift from paternalistic to collaborative approach
Authors: Suchitra Pal  , Santhna Letchmi Panduragan  , Faridah Mohd Said
Published: October 2024

The global rise in chronic kidney disease (CKD) necessitates a re-evaluation of healthcare practices. This review explores the shift from paternalistic to collaborative model, focusing on patient empowerment. This article aims to elucidate the foundational concept of patient empowerment, describe the goals of patient-centered care (PCC), identify barriers to PCC implementation, and propose strategies to enhance PCC. The ultimate aim is to empower CKD patients in self-care. The article explores multifaceted strategies of PCC, highlights the pivotal role of shared decision-making, and underscores the necessity of a collaborative clinician-patient partnership. It emphasizes the significance of patient-centered education, benefits of PCC in CKD care, and the role of artificial intelligence in improving healthcare outcomes. This review concludes by summarizing insights into the transformative shift toward patient-centered approaches in CKD management. It emphasizes the positive impact of this paradigm shift on both the healthcare system and CKD patients. The findings highlight the positive effects of PCC on both the health-care system and CKD patients.
School Students' Perceptions on School Management and Pedagogical Approaches
Authors: Acharya Bisna
Published: October 2024

This study investigates students' perspectives on teaching-learning pedagogy and school management techniques. The information was collected from 240 students attending schools in urban, suburban, and rural areas, across different grade levels. To get this data, a variety of research techniques were combined. Through surveys, interviews, and focus groups, the study looked at students' attitudes, beliefs, and experiences in the classroom. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of students' viewpoints on a range of school administration topics, such as classroom dynamics, teacher-student interactions, administrative policies, and the use of technology in the classroom. Ann extensive analysis was conducted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of students' inclinations, difficulties, and recommendations concerning instructional strategies, evaluation procedures, and the school's general ethos. The study underlines the value of taking into account students' opinions when making decisions about education and stresses the necessity of creating a welcoming and stimulating learning environment that can accommodate a wide range of learner needs. The implications for educators, policymakers, and school administrators are examined in this paper. It makes recommendations for improving teaching-learning pedagogies and school management techniques to support student engagement, academic achievement, and general well-being.
Exploring the Experiences of Parents Caring for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Yogendra , Khatri Bishnu Bahadur , Koirala Kamal Prasad
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to explore the experiences of parents caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Ten parents (three males, seven females) with at least seven years of ASD caregiving experience were purposively sampled. In-depth interviews, recorded with consent, were conducted and transcribed, supplemented by phone interviews. Manual analysis of the data revealed common themes and patterns, offering insights into the challenges and experiences of ASD caregiving in Nepal. Parents in Nepal invest significant time and resources into their children's well-being, but identifying atypical behavior, particularly in children with ASD, might lead to stress and complications. Challenges in effective parenting stem from cultural, economic, and knowledge gaps in ASD caregiving. While sharing culture and essential caregiving knowledge aids in stress management, it's insufficient. Local governments and community groups might be offered accessible resources. Similarly, comprehensive support networks, stress management courses, instructional materials, and targeted interventions are necessary to address family-related stress effectively.
Assessing the Role of Nutrition Knowledge in Shaping Dietary Practices Among Secondary Level School Students: Implications for Healthcare Management
Authors: Sigdel Awani , Giri Mahendra
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This study investigates the nutrition knowledge and dietary practices among secondary-level school students, a demographic prone to unhealthy habits such as junk food consumption, meal skipping for weight loss, and non-compliance with balanced diets. These behaviors increase the risk of non-communicable diseases like obesity and diabetes in adolescents. This study has aims to examine the nutrition knowledge and dietary practices of secondary-level school students, a demographic that is increasingly susceptible to unhealthy eating habits. Specifically, it focuses on behaviors such as junk food consumption, meal skipping for weight loss, and the neglect of balanced diets. These specific practices contribute to a heightened risk of non-communicable diseases, including obesity and diabetes, among adolescents.  
Methodology: The quantitative research approach was employed an exploratory design, analyzing data from 121 students in Kathmandu valley using a close-ended questionnaire during 7th April to 28th May 2024. The systematic sampling technique was used, and respondents were selected by using a lottery system. As a result, Grade 11 was picked up randomly. Descriptive analyses were made to describe the practices of the students. 
Result (s): Study indicates that out of 121 respondents, about near to half (48.8%) were male and little more than half (51.2%) were female.  Similarly, there were no significant relationship exists between nutrition knowledge and dietary practices among the students. Likewise,, independent variables such as age, gender, and religion do not significantly influence either nutrition knowledge or dietary practices. Despite the students' understanding of nutrition, this knowledge does not translate into healthier eating behaviors.
Conclusion and recommendation: The study reveals that there are notable gaps in their knowledge, particularly regarding the energy content of fat-free foods, the role of dietary fiber, and the impact of empty-calorie foods and meal-skipping on health. Likewise, findings highlight the disconnect between what students know about nutrition and how they apply it in their daily lives, suggesting the need for more effective interventions to encourage healthier dietary practices. Moreover, targeted nutritional education programs at school could address these gaps in knowledge and encourage healthier dietary practices.
Impact of Migration in Marriage Rituals of Bharseli Magar of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Budhathoki Hemanta
Published: October 2024

This study related to migration and marriage rituals of the Bharseli Magar of Kathmandu valley consists of 92 households of Bharseli Magar of Kathmandu Valley. This study is completed by using an interview schedule and the Key Informant Interview (KII) method. The objective of this paper is to study the impacts of migration on the marriage ritual of the Magar community and this study explains about present practice of the marriage ritual of the Bharseli Magar. The traditional ritual of Magar community of Bharse, Gulmi is cross-cousin marriage. Especially in Bharse of Gulmi three sub-clans of Magars have practiced the marriage system clockwise. However due to the excessive migration process, the migrated Bharseli Magars rarely follow the cross-cousin marriage system and three sub-clan marriage systems in the present context.
In this paper how migration contributes to change in marriage rituals of the Magar community has been explained. Due to migration, especially, food items of Sagun of Magani, Sodhani, Theki, Dhogbhet, Dulhan Farkaune, etc. have been changing. The place of traditional marriage of Bharseli Magar of Kathamandu valley was houses. Due to modernization, globalization, and urbanization marriage/wedding parties are mostly organized in party palaces. In addition, there is change in items of ornaments, clothes and other aspects.
Claiming Space for Oneself: Feminist Reading of Smriti Ravindra's The Woman Who Climbed Trees
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Thakur Ram Sebak
Published: October 2024

The Woman Who Climbed Trees (2023) by Smriti Ravindra is a soul-stirring novel that showcases the miserable plight of women in a society governed by males. Marriage, gender discrimination, power relations between male and female, and toils of women in the family lead to their confinement within the frameworks staked out for them by men. Women suffer, are subjugated and subordinated, and are yet indispensible for running the family, where they are pulled by the traditional roles trusted upon her. But women's access to education, employment, and socio political awareness has helped them achieve personhood. They no longer want to be connected to and defined by the societal and cultural norms of the patriarchal structure. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to examine and explore the theme of how women in the novel make resistance, claim space for themselves, and search for their identity. Through the lives of three women across different generations, Kaveri, Meena, and Priti, the novelist beautifully captures the complexities of love, acceptance, estrangement, and self-discovery, highlighting the evolution of self-assertion. The novel serves as a poignant exploration of human experience, anchored by protagonists, whose journeys serve as a microcosm of broader societal dynamics. Applying feminism as a research framework, this study delves into the protagonist’s journey of self-discovery and her challenges to patriarchal constraints. The analysis elucidates how the women in the novel navigate and resist a male-dominated social labyrinth.
The Profound Nature of Derivatives and Integration: A Comprehensive Examination
Authors: Mishra Ravindra
Published: October 2024

This article delves into the fundamental concepts of derivatives and integration, two core principles of calculus that govern a wide range of mathematical and real-world applications. Derivatives, which measure the rate of change of a function, and integration, which calculates accumulation and areas under curves, are essential tools in fields such as physics, economics, engineering, and finance. The article offers a detailed exploration of their mathematical definitions, key properties—including linearity, the product and chain rules, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus—and the diverse techniques used in integration. The practical applications of these concepts are also examined, with special emphasis on their role in modeling dynamic systems, optimizing processes, and solving real-world problems such as motion analysis, financial modeling, and economic optimization. Through in-depth discussion and examples, this comprehensive article bridges the theoretical underpinnings of derivatives and integration with their vast and critical uses in various scientific and economic disciplines.
हिमालका आवाज कविताकृतिका कवितामा प्रतिरोध चेतना
Authors: भण्डारी Bhandari हेम Hem
Published: October 2024

हिमालका आवाज कविताकृतिमा हिमाली सौन्दर्यलाई कविताको विषय बनाई पर्यावरण संरक्षणका पक्षमाआवाज उठाइएको छ । हिमसंस्कृतिलाई नेपाली संस्कृतिको पहिचानका रूपमा उभ्याई हाम्रो सांस्कृतिक गरिमालाईसंरक्षण र विस्तार गर्नुपर्ने विचार प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । जाति, वर्ग, लिङ्ग, पर्यावरण, राष्ट्रियता, मानवताजस्ता विषयमाकायम गरिएको शासकीय प्रभुत्व र त्यसले पु¥याएको असरको समीक्षा गरी यसमा नेपाली मौलिकताको जगेर्नाका पक्षमाप्रतिरोध निर्माण गरिएको छ । वर्गीय, जातीय, लैङ्गिक, पर्यावरणीय, राष्ट्रियता र मानवतासम्बद्ध विषयमा प्रकटितप्रतिरोध नै प्रस्तुत अध्ययनसम्बद्ध प्रमुख प्राज्ञिक समस्या हो । यही समस्यालाई पृष्ठभूमिमा राखी यस अध्ययनमा वर्गीय,जातीय, लैङ्गिक, पर्यावरणीय तथा राष्ट्रियता र मानवताका विषयमा अभिव्यक्त प्रतिरोधी विचार विश्लेषण तथामूल्याङ्कनको उद्देश्य लिइएको छ । यस उद्देश्यको परिपूर्तिका निम्ति उद्देश्यमूलक नमुना छनोट विधिको अवलम्बन गरीपुस्तकालयकार्यबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । वर्गीय, जातीय, लैङ्गिक तथा पर्यावरणीय प्रतिरोधका साथै राष्ट्रियतार मानवतासम्बद्ध विषयमा प्रकटित प्रतिरोधलाई विश्लेषणको आधारका रूपमा प्रयोग गरी कवितामा अभिव्यक्त प्रतिरोधीविचारको मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ । विश्लेष्य कवितामा संस्कृति, पर्यावरण, स्वाधीनता र मानवताको संरक्षणका पक्षमाविचार प्रकट गरी सभ्य र समुन्नत समाज निर्माणका लागि सचेतनाको सन्देश प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । सचेत स्रष्टाकोसिर्जनशीलता समाज रूपान्तरणका पक्षमा अग्रसर हुनुपर्ने मान्यता प्रकट गरिएका यी कवितामा वर्गीय, जातीय तथालैङ्गिक समानताको अभिव्यक्ति पाइन्छ । राष्ट्रप्रेम, मानवता, पर्यावरण र संस्कृतिका पक्षमा सचेतनाको अभिमत प्रकटगरिएका कविताको विश्लेषणमार्फत प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा हिमसंस्कृति नेपाली संस्कृतिको पहिचानको आधार भएकोनिष्कर्षमा पुगिएको छ । यसका साथै, नेपालीहरूले सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, आर्थिक तथा नैतिक धरातल निर्माण गरीमानवता, संस्कृति, पर्यावरण र स्वाधीनताको संरक्षणमा सक्रिय भूमिका निर्वाह गर्नुपर्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
System Architecture of a High Altitude Live-Streaming System
Authors: Nair Nikhil , Wise Matthew , Condzal Natalie , Turner Ruben , Doda Sanya
Published: October 2024

Modern methods of surveillance can be achieved through various methods including drones, satellite imagery, and aircraft surveillance. However, many of these methods have design flaws; most notably, these design flaws include power usage issues, detectability, and range of coverage. Through the use of a payload and ground station with dish and satellite hardware on a high-altitude balloon flight, one can live-stream aerial footage and greatly reduce security risks. Using a high altitude balloon as the basis for flight not only increases aerial range but also flight time since the batteries are only used to power the hardware required for streaming. The payload also enables lower package visibility as the payload would not be easily caught using radar or similar technologies. We propose a system with the overall goal of providing a reliable high data rate communications link for low latency telemetry and video throughout a high-altitude balloon flight. This system is composed of commercial off the shelf (COTS) parts including Ubiquiti hardware to ensure ease in duplication for industrial use. To ensure a multi-layered encryption and self-monitoring system, we would use two or more different languages to ensure constant, reliable, and encrypted communications on top of proficient rendering and visualization. This paper presents a detailed outline of our system architecture coupled with our test plan and preliminary results to ensure flight-readiness of our live-streaming system.
The Paths of Russian Militarism
Authors:   Professor of International Relations and Political Science, San Francisco State University, USA, Tsygankov Andrei P.
Published: October 2024

Russia’s Special Military Operation (SMO) in Ukraine has generated а resurgence of interest in militarism, which can be defined as a belief system justifying demonstration of a country’s military power by the use of force and measures to strengthen its military capabilities. Militarism arises when society and its leaders decide that they can no longer count on peace to solve their country’s problems. Militarism has historically contributed to state-building and development in Russia.
The GCC-SCO Relationship Dynamics
Authors:   Full Professor, International Affairs Department, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, Diabat Kheir S. , Aljarwan Mohd Khier ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and International Studies, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan, Suleiman Muyassar ,   Assistant Professor, School of General Education, University of Doha for Science and Technology (UDST), Doha, Qatar
Published: October 2024

The overlapping economic and security interests of the SCO and GCC members prompt them to strengthen cooperation in those spheres, working to extend it beyond the Gulf and Asia. The two associations have their own political, economic, and security ambitions in their regions, stemming from their members’ national interests, but both are cooperating to reduce U.S. dominance in regional and international decision-making, thereby contributing to the establishment of the multipolar world order to which the Global South has aspired for decades.
Between Cooperation and Alarmism: Problems of Common History Interpretation in Russia and China
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Oriental Studies, MGIMO University, Zuenko Ivan Yu. ,   Senior Research Fellow, Institute of International Studies
Published: October 2024

Almost all key events of the common past are assessed differently in Russia and China. Political expediency in their interstate relations has almost always “outpaced” real understanding and adaptation of historical experience, and both governments prefer to becloud inconvenient aspects of common history. Yet internal factors are heightening nationalism in both countries, sometimes leading to alarmism.
The Race for the Global South or the ‘Battle for the Global Majority’: Prospects for Russia
Authors:   Head of the sector of military-political analysis and research projects, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Bogdanov Konstantin V. , Kobrinskaya Irina Ya. ,   Head of Situation Analysis Center, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Frumkin Boris E. ,   Leading Researcher, Situation Analysis Center, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO)
Published: October 2024

The explosive growth of attention to the Global South—a natural result of the past decade’s synergetic trends—is likely to influence the rapid transformation of the world order that is now underway. The mammoth resources, underinvested infrastructure, and huge population (i.e., potential consumer market) of the Global South and the World Majority drive global players to compete for influence in these countries. Russia’s advantages in trade and security, together with its pragmatic diplomacy, remove the political and ideological barriers to bilateral and multilateral relations with the Global South’s politically, economically, and civilizationally diverse states.
Capillary rise quantification improves irrigation performance in pear orchards
Authors: Mañueco María Lucía , Guiñazu Maira , Muñoz Angel , Del Brio Dolores , Curetti Mariela , Raffo Dolores
Published: October 2024

The shallow water table in Río Negro and Neuquén valley causes a capillary rise (CR) that modifies the water content in soil profile. Therefore, irrigation performance is expected to be affected by the capillary water input into the root zone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CR on surface irrigation performance during 2020-2021 growing season in a pear orchard. In a Bartlett pear orchard planted in 2003, three irrigation moments were evaluated, and irrigation sheets were calculated to obtain efficiency. Water table level (WTL) was measured monthly in an open aquifer piezometer. CR was calculated with the software UPFLOW. Soil water content was measured with a Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) sensor at: 0.20 m, 0.40 m, and 0.60 m. Water use efficiency (WUE) and water productivity were calculated using pear crop yield and the irrigation sheets applied and the crop water demand, respectively. WTL was shallower in spring than in the rest of the season. The mean depth fluctuated between 0.70-1.20 m during spring, affecting irrigation performance. Data of FDR deepest sensor showed an increase of soil moisture due to CR. Capillary contribution negatively affects irrigation efficiency if it is not included in the water balance. Irrigation schedules can be re-arranged considering soil moisture and CR. In this way, the necessary water sheets could be applied in each crop development stage adjusted to water demand. Improving irrigation performance and WUE enables a sustainable water management strategy in pear production.
Neurofeedback tretman - primjena u logopediji
Authors: Knežević Bojana
Published: October 2024

Neurofeedback (NFB) tretman - neinvazivna je metoda, zasnovana na elektroencefalografiji i praćenju električne aktivnosti mozga (EEG). To je računalno potpomognuta metoda treninga, koja prikazuje frekvencije moždanih valova, time se poboljšava samoregulacija mozga, odnosno moždanih funkcija. Neurofeedback je relativno mlada metoda s burnijim razvojem unatrag dvadesetak godina, čineći njegovu primjenu dostupnijom u terapijske svrhe. Sigfried i Susan Othmer razvili su Infra Low Frequency (ILF) metodu neurofeedbacka, koja osigurava visoko personaliziran NFB trening oblikovan s ciljem pronalaska individualne trening frekvencije i protokola specifičnog za svakog pojedinca, što omogućava bolju samoregulaciju mozga, poboljšava mentalnu stabilnost, a posljedično poboljšava manifestno funkcioniranje osobe. U Poliklinici za rehabilitaciju slušanja i govora SUVAG Karlovac, ILF neurofeedback trening dio je multidisciplinarnog pristupa od 2017. godine. Klinička iskustva potvrđuju ga kao dobru support terapiju logopedskom tretmanu i ostalim tretmanima koje ustanova pruža u radu s osobama s različitim poremećajima, primarno jezično govornim i komunikacijskim teškoćama različite etiologije.
Cross-cultural adaptation and primary approbation of the Russian version of Posttraumatic Growth and Depreciation Inventory — Expanded version
Authors: Shishkova Alexandra M. , Bocharov Victor V. , Elizaveta Tsygankova S. , Chernaya Yulia S.
Published: October 2024

Numerous studies suggest that caring for someone with a chronic disease is often associated with the various negative consequences for the patient’s informal caregivers. At the same time, positive changes caused by the stress influence of patient’s disease can be also noted. For example, the so-called posttraumatic growth. Currently, there is a lack of assessment tools in domestic psychology, that allow to investigate the relation between constructive (developmental) and destructive aspects of the relative’s mental response in a situation of chronic illness of a loved one.

The aim of this work was to carry out cross-cultural adaptation and primary approbation of the Posttraumatic Growth and Depreciation Inventory — Expanded version (PTGDI-X). Primary approbation was performed on a focus group of relatives of patients with cerebral pathology (n = 61, mean age 51,2 [SD = 15,3] years). Convergent and discriminant validity of the PTGDI-X assessed using World Assumption Scale (WAS), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Level of Relatives’ Emotional Burnout Questionnaire (LREB). In addition, a specially adapted for the research Burden questionnaire was used.

The analysis revealed good psychometric characteristics of the PTGDI-X Russian version in terms of: internal subscales consistency (Cronbach’s α coefficients varied from 0,73 to 0,86), internal and external construct validity
Registration of low-frequency electromagnetic emission by a magnetomodulation sensor in laboratory experiments on destruction of rock samples
Authors:   Institute of Geophysics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyagunov D.S. , Shestakov A.F. ,   Institute of Geophysics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of observations of variations in magnetic induction using magnetomodulation sensors, which made it possible to register the signals of electromagnetic (EM) emission in the range of 0.01–200 Hz generated by rock samples under fast and slow uniaxial loading in laboratory experiments. The description of the equipment and measurement techniques used in the experiments is given. At two modes of loading rock samples differences in EM emission signals reflecting the peculiarities of the development of their destruction processes are found. It is shown that during the destruction of rock samples, the amplitude-frequency spectrum of magnetic field components clearly reveals the contribution of low-frequency harmonics, which is mainly concentrated in the frequency range below 15 Hz. It is established that magnetomodulation sensors have sufficient sensitivity and resolution to observe and register EM emission signals in the frequency range of 0.01–200 Hz, manifested during the destruction of rock samples in the process of their loading.
The Effects of Psychological First Aid Training on Knowledge, Perceived Ability Using the Skill, and Quality of Life among Medical Students
Authors: Ting Chuong Hock , Chen Yoke Yong , Voon Siok Ping , Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: The response to the crisis in Malaysia in recent years has led to a growing need for mental health services and a general dependence on mental health professionals to address the issue. It is widely acknowledged that providing psychological first aid (PFA) to survivors in the immediate aftermath of a crisis or disaster is an effective first step toward meeting their psychosocial needs. This study aims to determine the impact of PFA training on medical students’ knowledge, perceived ability to apply skills, and quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 136 medical students were recruited for this non-randomized single group pre-post study, and trained using the World Health Organization (WHO) PFA guidebook. Measures include PFA knowledge, perceived ability to use PFA skills, WHO Quality of Life brief version (WHOQOL-BREF), and Helping Attitude Scale. Participants were required to fill in the questionnaire before and one month after the training. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in PFA knowledge (p<.001, Cohen’s d = 0.60), perceived ability to use PFA skills (p<.001, Cohen’s d = 0.80), psychological health (p<.001, Cohen’s d = 1.52), and quality of life (p<.001, Cohen’s d = 0.44). Brief training with various interactive teaching methods helps participants master the skills while paying attention to their emotional needs. CONCLUSION: Brief PFA training is as effective as a whole-day PFA workshop. However, regular training should be provided to increase the level of confidence of responders in dealing with crises.
Prior Knowledge, Acceptance, Adaptation, and Challenges Following Stoma Formation among Colorectal Cancer Patients in Northern Peninsular of Malaysia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Md Ali Siti Maisarah , Ahmad Faizah , Mohamad Noor Mohd Hadi Shafawi
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Stoma formation affects an individual in various ways, including physical, emotional, social, and cognitive functions. Diverse studies report ways of an individual lives with new stoma formation. However, the comprehensive understanding of the entire process by the patient, which includes knowledge before the surgical procedure, as well as the subsequent acceptance, adaptation, and challenges to living with a stoma is lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In-depth interview session were conducted with 12 colorectal cancer patients who have undergone surgical procedures for intestinal stoma formation. The patterns and themes within the data were identified by thematic analysis, involving data familiarisation and coding followed by themes’ generation and refinement of the themes. RESULTS: Four themes and 9 subthemes were identified, which revealed the sufficiency of stoma-related information and understanding prior to surgery as well as positive acceptance of self and family members reflected through their reactions and support. Nonetheless, the challenges were anticipated which highlights the complications of the stoma itself, obstacles surrounding social life, and financial burdens. CONCLUSION: This study provided valuable insights into the experiences of individuals living with a stoma following colorectal cancer surgery. The themes and subthemes highlight the need to address social stigma as well as financial issues to alleviate the burden of stoma-related expenses. Increasing public awareness and improving financial assistance could be a way to enhance the overall quality of life for patients living with stoma
Legal analysis of the interaction between the state and citizens in the context of solid household waste regulation in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Abdizhami A.Zh.
Published: October 2024

In the modern world, the problem of waste management is becoming more urgent and requires society to constantly regulate and adopt effective legislative mechanisms. In the article, the authors consider an important aspect in this area — the interaction between the state and citizens in the context of waste management. The interaction of these entities plays a key role in creating an effective solid waste management system aimed at ensuring environmental safety and sustainable development of society through the analysis of regulatory legal acts, statistical data and good practices in this area. The article discusses several key problems related to solid waste management in Kazakhstan, including a lack of information for citizens (for example, it is not enough to publish materials on websites, they must be updated regularly), unavailability of infrastructure (sorting centers are located far from public accommodation, it is not possible to take garbage to specially designated places), low motivation (due to monthly utility bills for garbage collection, many people consider, that the relevant institutions should be engaged in the collection and sorting of solid household waste or do not understand the danger of consequences for the environment), inconsistencies in legislation have been identified (there are no mechanisms for imposing fines for nonsorting garbage, as abroad) and insufficient financing (if we do not have finances, whatever industry we take, we cannot achieve high results). In order to improve the situation in society, the need to develop mass educational programs related to garbage sorting, develop infrastructure related to the sorting of solid household waste, further reform legislation related to environmental and sustainable development, and focus on strategies to attract investors and funds to this industry was justified. In the article, based on the comprehensive directions adopted by the state to support citizens in the collection and sorting of solid household waste, we came to the conclusion of a settlement of the problem associated with waste recycling. A concrete solution to these problems is manifested in the definition of general directions of development in waste management.