bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Status of the Resident Education Program and the Necessity of a General Competency Curriculum
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ju , Huh Jung-Sik
Published: September 2017

In order to adapt to the rapidly changing medical environment, it is important to advance not only the basic medical education in medical schools but also that of residents. The quality of the training environment and educational goals for residency must also be improved for specialists. Although each institute including internal medicine, general surgery, family medicine, etc., strives to standardize, sets educational goals, and develops content to train capable specialists, the education programs focus on special techniques and competency of medical care for patients. The training environment of each residency program is different in each trainee hospital, and hospitals are making an effort to set education goals for the residents and improve their education programs. In Korea, there is no common core education program for residents, while in the United States, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education is responsible for the development and evaluation of a standardized curriculum for residents, and in Canada, CanMEDs presents a basic curriculum to help residents develop competency. Fully capable specialists have more than just clinical competency; they also need a wide range of abilities including professionalism, leadership, communication, cooperation, in addition to taking part in continuous professional development/continuing medical education activities. We need to provide a core curriculum for residency to demonstrate attention to and knowledge about health problems of the community.
Exact Distributions of the Linear Combination of Gamma and Rayleigh Random Variables
Authors: Shakil Mohammad , Golam Kibria B.M.
Published: September 2017

The distribution of a linear combination of random variables arise in many applied problems, and have been extensively studied by different researchers. This article derived the exact distribution of the linear combination aX + bY , where a > 0 and b are real constants, and X and Y denote gamma and Rayleigh random variables respectively and are distributed independently of each other. The associated cdfs and pdfs have been derived. The plots for the cdf and pdf, percentile points for selected coefficients and parameters, and the statistical application of the results have been provided. We hope thefindings of the paper will be useful for practitioners in various fields.
Randomized Play-the-Winner Rule in Two-Period Two-Treatment Repeated Measurement Design
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Uttam , Biswas Atanu , Mukherjee Shirsendu
Published: September 2017

In the clinical trial randomized play-the-winner rule is used with a goal to allocate more patients to the better treatment in course of sampling. Here we provide an application of this sampling scheme in repeated measurement design. We concentrate on the simplest set up, i.e., on two treatments and two periods. We study, both numerically and theoretically, several exact and limiting properties of this design. We consider some related inferential problems. Finally we use a real data set to illustrate the applicability of our proposed design.
A Note on the Sampling Distribution of the Likelihood Ratio Test in the Context of the Linear Logistic Test Model
Authors: Alexandrowicz Rainer W.
Published: September 2017

One important tool for assessing whether a data set can be described equally well with a Rasch Model (RM) or a Linear Logistic Test Model (LLTM) is the Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT). In practical applications this test seems to overly reject the null hypothesis, even when the null hypothesis is true. Aside from obvious reasons like inadequate restrictiveness of linear restrictions formulated in the LLTM or the RM not being true, doubts have arisen whether the test holds the nominal type-I error risk, that is whether its theoretically derived sampling distribution applies. Therefore, the present contribution explores the sampling distribution of the likelihood ratio test comparing a Rasch model with a Linear Logistic Test Model. Particular attention is put on the issue of similar columns in the weight matrixW of the LLTM: Although full column rank of this matrix is a technical requirement, columns can differ in only a few entries, what in turn might have an impact on the sampling distribution of the test statistic. Therefore, a system of how to generate weight matrices with similar columns has been established and tested in a simulation study. The results were twofold: In general, the matricesconsidered in the study showed LRT results where the empirical alpha showed only spurious deviations from the nominal alpha. Hence the theoretically chosen alpha seems maintained up to random variation. Yet, one specific matrix clearly indicated a highly increased type-I error risk: The empirical alpha was at least twice the nominal alpha when using this weight matrix. This shows that we have to indeed consider the internal structure of the weight matrix when applying the LRT for testing the LLTM. Best practice would be to perform a simulation or bootstrap/re-sampling study for the weight matrix under consideration in order to rule out a misleadingly significant result due to reasons other than true model misfit.
The Labour Supply of Female Engineers in Germany
Authors: Schlenker Eva
Published: September 2017

Recent developments in the German demography will give rise to a shortage in skilled workers in the coming decades. A solution to this problem might involve a higher degree of integration of female engineers in the workforce. Data from the German microcensus 2006 confirm the existence of a hidden reserve of female engineers. Ordered response models are used to show that the labour supply in the engineering sector is mainly determinedby age. In addition, the labour supply of female engineers depends on their number of children, and on the age of the youngest child.
Book Reviews
Authors: Templ Matthias , Schauer Johannes
Published: September 2017

Christian F. G. SCHENDERA (2010). Clusteranalyse mit SPSS. Mit Faktorenanalyse.Oldenbourg Verlag, München, 435 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-486-58691-6. (e49.80)Karlheinz ZWERENZ (2009). Statistik: Einführung in die computergestützte Datenanalyse(4. überarbeitete Auflage). Oldenbourg Verlag, München, 434 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-486-59112-5. (e36.80)
Psychiatric morbidity in epilepsy
Authors: Singh Prem , Pandey Achyut K.
Published: September 2017

Background: Psychiatric morbidity occurs more frequently in patients with epilepsy than in the general population. Routine evaluation and treatment of psychiatric morbidity can be helpful in improving epilepsy care but such data are relatively meagre from developing countries.Methods: The study was conducted in the Epilepsy Clinic of Department of Neurology at a tertiary care hospital over a period of one year.101 patients were included after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. All the patients seeking treatment in the OPD were screened, assessed and then all procedures were fully explained to them. History regarding name, age sex, socio-demographic profile and detailed history regarding seizure disorder was taken from both the patient and the reliable informant. Bengali version of SRQ-24 was used to screen for psychiatric morbidity.Results: One hundred and one patients with epilepsy consisting of 70 men (69.3%) and 31 women (30.7%) were included. Their ages ranged from 15 to 52, the mean age being 26.17 (SD = 7.84). Out of the 101 patients, 65 patients (64.4%) were suffering from partial epilepsies and 36 patients (35.6%) were suffering from generalized epilepsies. 50.49% of the subjects screened positive for psychiatric morbidity. Psychiatric morbidity was higher in unmarried, unemployed males from rural background who were suffering from generalized epilepsy and taking multiple antiepileptic medications. Psychiatric morbidity was statistically significant in people with poor education and those born at home (p<0.05) as compared to well educated, institutionally born persons.Conclusions: 50.49% of the subjects screened positive for psychiatric morbidity.
Comparative study of FNAC and histopathology of thyroid swellings, diagnostic accuracy and role in its management
Authors: Kumar Abhay , Bhadouriya Sunil Kumar Singh , Narain Prem , Chauhan Jitendra Pratap Singh , Bharti Bhartendu , Singh Jaypal
Published: September 2017

Background: Even if non-surgical and non-invasive techniques can provide a diagnosis, the ultimate answer rests in the histopathological examination of the excised thyroid tissue. This study was carried out with the objective of comparing the findings of the two tests namely FNAC and HPE and suggestions for the future.

Methods: This two year prospective study involved 295 outdoor cases with thyroid lesions at UPRIMS & R, Saifai, Etawah, U.P. The preoperative FNAC and postoperative histopathology reports were correlated and conclusions drawn after statistical analysis.  

Results: More than half (65.4% cases) the number of thyroid FNACs were diagnosed as colloid goitre. Diagnostic categorization of 295 thyroid FNACs based on Bathesda classification showed that 239 (81.01%) cases were cytologically benign, 2 cases (0.68 %) were under atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) while six  cases (2.03%) under  the  neoplasm  category- follicular. Suspicious for malignancy category included two cases (0.68%)- hyalinizing trabecular adenoma/columnar variant of papillary carcinoma and medullary carcinoma/oncocytic neoplasm. Under the malignant category, there were fourteen cases (4.05%) cytologically diagnosed and in the inadequate/non-diagnostic category there were 32 cases (10.85%) of cases.

Conclusions: FNAC is a simple, safe and cost effective modality in investigation of thyroid disease with high accuracy and specificity.
A munka-magánélet egyensúly a magyar vállalatok gyakorlatában
Authors: Csehné Papp Imola , Varga Erika
Published: September 2017

A tanulmány a munka és a magánélet egyensúlyát elemzi különös tekintettel arra, hogy a magyar vállalatok működési gyakorlatában milyen szinten van jelen ennek támogatása. Bár az Európai Unió foglalkoztatáspolitikai iránymutatásai kiemelten utalnak a munka- magánélet egyensúly vállalati támogatásának jelentőségére, ezzel szemben elterjedtsége a magyarországi vállalati gyakorlatban gyenge. A vizsgálati eredmények rámutattak, hogy a munka-magánélet egyensúly megteremtésének támogatása a magyar vállalatok gyakorlatában nem tudatosan alkalmazott szervezetfejlesztési eszköz.
Reorganizáció, outplacement a versenyképesség érdekébe
Authors: Chovan Brigitta , Poór József
Published: September 2017

A jelenlegi gazdasági helyzetben a vállalkozásoknak akkor van létjogosultságuk, ha képesek megfelelni a folyamatos megújulás, versenyképesség, hatékonyság követelményeinek, rugalmas átszervezésekkel, megfelelő stratégiák, rendszerek kiépítésével. A HR funkció sikere azon múlik, képes-e értéket teremteni, s az üzleti siker érdekében szükségessé váló reorganizációs stratégia, outplacement élére állni. A kutatás célja megállapítani, hogy a versenyképesség növelésében mennyire hangsúlyos szerepet tölt be a reorganizáció és az outplacement. Jelentőségét, aktualitását abban látjuk, hogy a megalkotott „Best Practice” útmutatást nyújt a HR szakembereknek ahhoz, hogy milyen stratégiákkal, módszerekkel tudnak hozzájárulni a manapság egyre hangsúlyosabb vállalati versenyképesség növeléséhez.
Amerykanie w wojnie domowej w Hiszpanii (1936–1938)
Authors: Marczewska-Zagdańska Hanna
Published: September 2017

W artykule na podstawie jednostkowych przykładów zostały przedstawione losy Amerykanów biorących udział w wojnie domowej w Hiszpanii (2800 żołnierzy) po stronie republikanów. Wbrew amerykańskiej ustawie o neutralności i oficjalnym zakazom amerykańscy ochotnicy nielegalnie, różnymi kanałami przerzutowymi, przedostawali się, by zasilić szeregi Batalionu „Abraham Lincoln” i Batalionu „George Washington”, wchodzących w skład XV Brygady Międzynarodowej, zwanej potocznie Brygadą Abrahama Lincolna. Grupa ochotników amerykańskich była zróżnicowana zarówno pod względem statusu społecznego, wykształcenia, jak i pochodzenia narodowego, tzn. korzeni narodowych. Wśród nich byli zarówno zaangażowani, ideowo wyszkoleni w Moskwie dowódcy (R.H. Merriman) czy komunistyczni instruktorzy (S. Nelson), jak i młodzi ludzie, żądni przygód, podatni na propagandę. Byli nauczyciele, artyści, dziennikarze (J.Ph. Lardner), pisarze (Ph.L. Detro), aktorzy (A. Bessie), a także farmerzy, robotnicy (D.M. Reiss) i bezrobotni. Byli biali i Afroamerykanie (O. Law), mężczyźni i kobiety, Słowianie w pierwszym pokoleniu (M. Markovics) i obywatele USA pochodzenia żydowskiego (M. Wolff). Odrębną, specyficzną grupę stanowili piloci (A. Baumler, F. Tinker, J. Allison) oraz lekarze i pielęgniarki. W Hiszpanii, po krótkim, zupełnie niewystarczającym treningu, otrzymywali rozkaz do wyjścia na front, gdzie ginęli (800 zabitych), odnosili rany, dostawali się do niewoli, a nawet dezerterowali (Ph. Crane, B. Abramofsky). Ci, którym udało się przeżyć, w chwili zakończenia działań wojennych powracali do USA z minimalną pomocą administracji F.D. Roosevelta. Ich dalsze losy były nie mniej złożone i dramatyczne, uwarunkowane politycznie (okres maccartyzmu).
Szwajcarscy ochotnicy w Brygadach Międzynarodowych w Hiszpanii (1936–1939)
Authors: Bednarz Piotr
Published: September 2017

Wybuch wojny domowej w Hiszpanii odbił się szerokim echem w Szwajcarii. Już latem 1936 r. z kraju tego zaczęli napływać ochotnicy do Brygad Międzynarodowych. Zwykle rekrutowali się oni ze środowisk robotniczych uprzemysłowionych kantonów takich jak Zurych czy Bazylea, a także z kantonów francuskojęzycznych, gdzie ideologia socjalistyczna była popularna. Łącznie w Hiszpanii walczyło ok. 800 szwajcarskich ochotników. Udział w hiszpańskiej wojnie domowej Szwajcarzy traktowali jako obronę przed faszyzmem nie tylko na Półwyspie Iberyjskim, lecz także pośrednio w swoim państwie, w którym ideologia faszystowska również się rozpowszechniała. W zdecydowanej większości Szwajcarzy walczyli na pierwszej linii frontu, stąd też odsetek strat wśród tej grupy narodowej był bardzo wysoki (ok. ¼). Nieprzychylny stosunek władz helweckich do komunizmu oraz funkcjonujący w tym kraju zakaz obcej służby wojskowej stały u podstaw karania byłych ochotników po ich powrocie do ojczyzny kilkumiesięcznym więzieniem i pozbawieniem praw publicznych.
The Importance of the Use of Libraries and the Need for a Reading Culture
Authors: Itsekor Victoria O. , Nwokeoma Nwanne M.
Published: September 2017

Libraries are very important for information, communication and transformation. They help to inculcate a reading culture for an upward progression of people’s life. They reduce ignorance, thus they are empowering literacy, knowledge and skill acquisition. This paper is an opinion paper. The authors employed literature research methodology to carry out the analysis. It gives an insight into the reading culture of different nations and further portrays the role of libraries in promoting reading and an effective reading environment in the society. The authors also aim at improving the reading culture of different nations by using their own nation as a case study. The paper demonstrates that establishing of reading clubs, reviving of education in the schools through electronic libraries, promotion of books and reading in the media are those factors that could improve the situation of reading.
Ochrona wiejskości w krajobrazie wsi Pomorza. Studium przypadku Swołowa
Authors: Czapiewska Gabriela
Published: September 2017

W artykule, na przykładzie wsi Swołowo, podjęto problematykę poświęconą ochronie, szeroko rozumianej „wiejskości” w krajobrazie wsi Pomorza. Podjęcie tematyki badawczej uzasadniają zarówno względy poznawcze, jak i praktyczne. Swołowo to jedna z najciekawszych historycznie wsi na Pomorzu, uznana za Europejską Wieś Dziedzictwa Kulturowego. Zabudowa miejscowości to wzorcowy przykład pomorskich owalnic, których planowe zakładanie odbywało się we wczesnym średniowieczu. Celem opracowania jest zaprezentowanie konkretnych działań, służących ochronie materialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego wsi Swołowo, które w sposób znaczący wpływają obecnie na jej rozwój. Walory kulturowe Swołowa pozwalają mu pełnić funkcję ośrodka turystyki regionalnej i krajowej oraz predysponują wieś do pełnienia funkcji ośrodka o znaczeniu międzynarodowym.
Ocena wpływu likwidacji cukrowni w Unisławiu na rozwój lokalny gminy
Authors: Dubownik Anna , Szyda Barbara
Published: September 2017

Celem opracowania jest próba określenia wpływu likwidacji cukrowni, funkcjonującej przez ponad 210 lat, na rozwój lokalny gminy Unisław w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim. W pracy wykorzystano dane wtórne, jak również bezpośredni wywiad kwestionariuszowy z mieszkańcami Unisławia. Na podstawie mierników i wskaźników poziomu rozwoju lokalnego gminy, nie zauważono bezpośredniego wpływu zamknięcia cukrowni, jednak wykazano, że zakład ciągle funkcjonuje w świadomości mieszkańców. Niestety, zabudowania cukrowni wyburzono, a gmina nie ujęła tego obszaru w programie rewitalizacji.
Obniżenie wieku emerytalnego w Polsce. Implikacje dla kobiet w sferze rynku pracy
Authors: Klimkiewicz Aldona
Published: September 2017

-
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Garment Industry. The Case of the Clean Clothes Campaign and Developing States
Authors: Wawrzyniak Tomasz
Published: September 2017

The aim of the article is to investigate the Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC) organization and its efforts to alleviate the poor situation of workers in developing states and to promote the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility. It starts with a brief example of two such developing countries, Bangladesh and Cambodia, data for which has been drawn from Eurostat, Trading Economics, and the CIA’s World Factbook. It then moves to its main focus, that is, the description of the structure of the CCC, the different ways in which it tries to achieve its goals, and the vast network of partnership between the campaign and NGO’s worldwide, as well as the cooperation with decisive bodies of the European Union. The article concludes that the work of the CCC is very important and is getting more and more recognition in recent years, both from formal bodies and the public.
Problem deficit bias a skuteczność unijnych reguł fiskalnych
Authors: Potocka Małgorzata
Published: September 2017

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przeanalizowanie stopnia przestrzegania przez 15 krajów UE reguł fiskalnych zawartych w pakcie stabilności i wzrostu w latach 1999–2015 i ewolucji tych reguł od początku ich sformułowania. Analiza stopnia wypełniania poszczególnych reguł prowadzi do wniosku, że na nieskuteczność reguł w eliminowaniu zjawiska deficit bias rzutują w dużej mierze ich błędy konstrukcyjne. W trakcie całego analizowanego okresu, a zwłaszcza okresu przedkryzysowego, można było stwierdzić, że limity określone przez reguły nie były przestrzegane, właściwie przez cały analizowany okres nie prowadziły do antycyklicznej polityki fiskalnej, a po kryzysie nie były wystarczająco elastyczne. Prowadzi to do konkluzji, że reguły fiskalne nie są najlepszym środkiem do walki ze zjawiskiem deficit bias w Unii Europejskiej.
Homenaje a Hélène Pouliquen
Authors: Escobar Vera Hernando
Published: September 2017

Este dossier en LITERATURA – SOCIEDAD/CULTURA: Sociología de la Literatura, Sociocrítica y abordajes socioculturales de las estéticas literarias es un homenaje a la Dra. Hélène Pouliquen y el importante legado teórico y pedagógico que ha dejado en varias generaciones de literatos de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, el Instituto Caro y Cuervo, y la Universidad Javeriana en torno a estas disciplinas a partir de sus clases, trayectoria investigativa  y publicaciones.  […]
Hacia una teoría sociocrítica del texto
Authors: Cros Edmond , Escobar Vera (traducción de Hernando , Borrero Echeverry) Juliana
Published: September 2017

El análisis de la microsemiótica intratextual permite observar las  contradicciones resultantes de las brechas históricas proyectadas en los textos literarios, los cuales reproducen, a su vez, las contradicciones de las estructuras sociales e ideológicas. En su modelo, Cros privilegia un espacio intratextual abstracto que denomina genotexto,a través del cual se incorporan la historia y sus contradicciones. El material histórico invertido en el genotexto corresponde a los principales intereses de una sociedad en un momento dado de su historia,cuestión que implica que el escritor da la palabra en su obra, aunque no sea de un modo consciente, a una serie de sujetos transindividuales que lo atraviesan. Esto se ilustra a través del análisis de un  apartado del segundo volumen de Guzmán de Alfarache, de Mateo Alemán (Sevilla, 1547 - México, 1614), editado en 1604.
La risa en la poesía de Francisco Álvarez de Velasco y Zorrilla
Authors: Molina Morales Guillermo
Published: September 2017

La Rhythmica sacra, moral y laudatoria (1703), de Álvarez de Velasco y Zorrilla, se revela como un testimonio, único en la Nueva Granada, de las distintas manifestaciones de la risa en la poesía colonial. Primero, evidenciamos la exclusión de la risa en la “ciudad letrada”, y la consecuente escritura de sátiras no burlescas. Como objetivo lateral, en estas piezas analizamos también la apropiación criolla de los modelos peninsulares. Segundo, estudiamos los poemas asociados a fiestas religiosas por la pervivencia de la risa popular. Tercero, localizamos una esfera intermedia en las cartas laudatorias a Sor Juana, donde la risa se independiza de la fiesta y emprende el camino a la modernidad.
Scope and significance of biotechnological improvement of tea
Authors: Tapan Kumar Mondal Mainaak Mukhopdhayay, Akan Das
Published: September 2017

Tea is an important plantation crop of India, which generates huge employment opportunities in rural and hilly backward places.
Being a woody perennial crop with an economic life span of more than 60 years, it also has a role in sustaining the ecosystem.
Because of its long gestation period, as observed from conventional breeding, alternative methods such as molecular breeding is
highly relevant, which is rather limited in tea breeding programmes. Therefore, adoption of biotechnological approaches is a
better option to shorten the breeding cycle of tea. Recent developments from the biotechnological research works on tea and
related species are summarized in the review.
Marigold-globe amaranth sequential cropping in coconut plantations of coastal humid tropics
Authors: A. Abdul Haris K. Nihad, V. Krishnakumar
Published: September 2017

Marigold (Tagetus erecta) and globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa) are two potential commercial loose flower crops with high
market demand during festive seasons. Climate of coastal humid tropics is suitable for growing marigold and globe amaranth
during October to April and May to September, respectively, where the flowering season coincides with the peak demand fetching
higher market price. A field study was conducted in two consecutive years at ICAR-CPCRI, Regional Station, Kayamkulam
during 2010-12 for standardising the nutrient management practice for marigold-globe amaranth sequential cropping under coconut
based farming system in coastal humid tropics. The treatments were fixed based on nitrogen equivalent basis. In the study,
marigold alone was supplied with nutrition and globe amaranth was raised with the available field residues of first crop. Intercropping
marigold was supplied with basal dose of vermicompost (16.8 kg N ha-1) followed by 16.8:18:18 kg NPK ha-1 at 15 days after
transplanting and vermicompost extract (1:10), to meet 4.4 kg N ha-1 equivalent, at 30 days and 45 days after transplanting
resulted in fresh flower yield of 2 t ha-1 of coconut plantations. The plant height, number of primary and secondary branches,
number of flowers plant-1, flower yield, and flower carotenoid content of marigold were also higher in this treatment. The growth
or yield of globe amaranth did not differ among the treatments, and on an average it produced fresh flower yield of 1.9 t ha-1 from
the interspaces of coconut. This study on sequential cropping of flower crops revealed that substituting 50 per cent inorganic
nitrogen requirement of marigold with vermicompost enhances its growth performance and also provides adequate nutrition for
raising globe amaranth during its vegetative phase (upto 60 days after transplanting) resulting in a B:C ratio of 2.8.
Parasitisme gastro-intestinal chez les animaux du parc zoologique de Hann au Sénégal
Authors: Dahourou Laibané Dieudonné , Gbati Oubri Bassa , Nacanabo Issaka , Diatta Cheikhouna , Pangui Louis Joseph
Published: September 2017

Des échantillons de matières fécales ont été prélevés sur 24 animaux apparte­nant à huit espèces différentes du parc zoologique de Hann au Sénégal. Ils ont été analysés par la technique de coproscopie microscopique qualitative de Tele­mann-Rivas et celle quantitative en cellules de Mac Master. Sur l’ensemble des échantillons, 66,7 % étaient parasités et chaque animal positif était infesté par au moins une espèce d’oeufs d’helminthes, alors que les protozoaires n’étaient présents que chez quatre animaux. Chez les carnivores, les oeufs de parasites, comme Toxascaris leonina et Toxocara cati, et ceux d’ankylostomidés étaient les plus présents, alors que chez les primates les oeufs de Trichuris sp. et Entamoeba sp. ont été identifiés. Cette étude constitue une base pour la mise en place de traitements chez ces animaux.
Effet de l’acide ascorbique sur le taux de fécondation des brebis Yankasa après synchronisation de l’œstrus
Authors: Omontese Bobwealth Oakina , Adewuyi Abdulmujeeb Bode , Rekwot Peter Ibrahim , Nwannenna Agnes Ifeyinwa , Rwuaan Joseph Sankey
Published: September 2017

L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les effets d’une admi­nistration d’acide ascorbique (AA) sur le taux de fécondation de brebis dont les chaleurs étaient induites par deux traite­ments à base de progestogènes. Des brebis de race Yankasa (n = 64) ont été réparties de façon égale en deux groupes. Dans l’un, les brebis ont été traitées avec un dispositif intra­vaginal de libération continue du médicament (CIDR). Dans l’autre, les brebis ont été traitées avec 45 mg d’acétate de fluo­rogestone (FGA) au moyen d’une éponge vaginale. Après le retrait des progestogènes, les brebis de chaque groupe expri­mant des chaleurs ont été réparties en quatre sous-groupes : CIDR témoin (CDNN, n = 12), CIDR plus AA (CDAA, n = 11), FGA témoin (FGNN, n = 13) et FGA plus AA (FGAA, n = 12). La détection des chaleurs a été réalisée au moyen de béliers sexuellement actifs et laissés libres de s’accoupler avec les femelles. Le taux d’expression des chaleurs n’a pas différé entre les sous-groupes. L’intervalle entre le retrait des dis­positifs et l’apparition des chaleurs a été significativement (p < 0,05) plus court chez les brebis du groupe FGA que chez celles du groupe CIDR (respectivement 30,35 ± 2,72 et 48,56 ± 7,52 heures). La durée de l’oestrus n’a pas différé (p < 0,05) entre les traitements (FGA 37,22 ± 4,22 et CIDR 39,75 ± 2,51 heures). Les taux de fécondation ont été comparables entre sous-groupes. En conclusion, l’administration d’AA lors du retrait des dispositifs progestogéniques n’a pas amélioré le taux de fécondation des brebis Yankasa.
Prévalence et variations saisonnières des infestations par les ectoparasites des dindons de basse-cour, Meleagris gallopavo, à Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Fabiyi Joseph Popoola , Alayande Musbaudeen Olayinka , Akintule Alexander Olayinka , Lawal Mohammed Dalhatu , Mahmuda Aliyu , Usman Mahmud
Published: September 2017

Entre août 2009 et juillet 2011, une étude a été conduite dans la région de Sokoto pour déterminer le taux d’infestation des dindons par les ectoparasites ainsi que l’abondance et les variations saisonnières de ces derniers. Les parasites ont été récoltés par la méthode du « dust-ruffling » (déloger les para­sites des plumes en les ébouriffant après saupoudrage de pyréthrinoïde), puis mis dans des flacons d’éthanol à 70 %, avant d’être éclaircis au lactophénol, puis identifiés au microscope. L’examen de 265 oiseaux a révélé de forts taux d’infestation ainsi qu’une grande diversité parasitaires puisque 12 espèces ont été identifiées. Quatre espèces de poux (Phthiraptera : Ischnocera et Amblycera) ont été trouvées : Lipeurus tropi­calis (chez 78 % des dindons alors que cette espèce n’avait jusqu’alors pas été mentionnée chez cet oiseau), Menacan­thus stramineus (48 %), Goniocotes gallinae (35 %) et Chelo­pistes meleagridis (33 %). Il y avait également deux espèces de tiques (Acari : Metastigmata), Argas persicus (chez 50 % des oiseaux) et Hyalomma impressum (10 %), et cinq aca­riens responsables de gales (Acari : Astigmata et Mesostig­mata) : Bdellonyssus bursa (45 %), Megninia cubitalis (32 %), Epidermoptes bilobatus (20 %), Freyana chanayi (12 %) et Cnemidocoptes mutans (10 %). Une seule espèce de puce (Siphonaptera : Ceratophylloidea), Echidnophaga gallinacea, a été identifiée. Dans de nombreux cas, les oiseaux n’étaient infestés que par moins d’une douzaine de parasites, mais L. tropicalis et B. bursa étaient en revanche très abondants sur certains dindons qui pouvaient héberger plusieurs milliers d’individus. D’autres oiseaux étaient infestés par des dizaines voire quelques centaines d’A. persicus, de M. stramineus ou d’E. gallinacea. Les infestations étaient plus fréquentes pendant la saison sèche chaude (p < 0,01) et la saison chaude humide (p < 0,05) que pendant la saison sèche fraîche. Ces observa­tions suggèrent qu’il serait nécessaire de mettre en place des mesures de prévention et de lutte pour réduire l’importance des ectoparasites dans cette région.
Comparative dimensional tomographic study of the mandibular condyle of individuals with transverse maxillary deficiency
Authors: Gonçales Andréa Guedes Barreto , Neto Victor Tieghi , Gonçales Eduardo Sanches , Capelozza Ana Lúcia Álvares
Published: September 2017

Transverse maxillary deficiency is characterized by posterior uni or bilateral crossbite, crowded and rotated teeth, as well as high palate. Its treatment in adult individuals is surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion. The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of dimensional alterations in the mandibular condyles of patients with TMD submitted to surgically assisted maxillary expansion. Measurements of the mandibular condyles using the DISTANCE tool in cone beam computed tomography iCat software were performed. The values obtained were submitted to statistical analysis by the paired t-test and the results showed statistically significant dimensional reduction in the axial posterior-anterior lateral (-0.74mm), axial posterior-anterior lateral left (-0.90mm) and coronal medium right (-1.24mm) dimensions. The coronal inferior (1.13mm), coronal inferior left (1.78mm) and coronal superior-inferior right (0.76mm) measurements showed statistically significant dimensional increase. The results allowed us to conclude that dimensional alterations occurred in the mandibular condyles in individuals with maxillary transversal deficiency that underwent surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SAPE), which can be understood by remodeling, since they are characterized by dimensional increase or reduction, depending on the location where the measurement was performed.
Microbial contamination of a University dental clinic in Brazil
Authors: Venâncio Gisely Naura , Coelho Victor Hugo Marques , Cestari Thiago Fontanella , Almeida Maxine Ennata Alves de , Cruz Carolinie Batista Nobre da
Published: September 2017

Pathogens of the oral cavity of a patient can be transferred to the dental office surfaces by direct contact, aerosol instruments and blood or saliva. The objective of this study was to investigate the microbiological contamination presents in the stands, chairs and spittoons in the University Nilton Lins dental clinics, in Manaus, Amazonas. Samples were collected with sterile swabs and seeded in different microbiological culture media for the isolation of microorganisms collected from each room. Then, assays were carried out for identification of strains isolated from each environment, such as: Gram stain, DNA purification, Amplification of 16s rRNA genes and sequencing. All these experiments were performed in the LBS / ILMD / FIOCRUZ. It was found 40 CFU / mL in the stands, 43 on the chairs and 47 in the spittoons and it was also possible to identify microorganisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei and Staphylococcus aureus. The greatest number of CFUs was found in Clinic 3 and it was observed that the spittoon was the dental surface with the highest number of CFUs. Some of the bacterial species isolated are opportunists, suggesting that more severe biosecurity measures must be taken in order to prevent cross-infection.Pathogens of the oral cavity of a patient can be transferred to the dental office surfaces by direct contact, aerosol instruments and blood or saliva. The objective of this study was to investigate the microbiological contamination presents in the stands, chairs and spittoons in the University Nilton Lins dental clinics, in Manaus, Amazonas. Samples were collected with sterile swabs and seeded in different microbiological culture media for the isolation of microorganisms collected from each room. Then, assays were carried out for identification of strains isolated from each environment, such as: Gram stain, DNA purification, Amplification of 16s rRNA genes and sequencing. All these experiments were performed in the LBS / ILMD / FIOCRUZ. It was found 40 CFU / mL in the stands, 43 on the chairs and 47 in the spittoons and it was also possible to identify microorganisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei and Staphylococcus aureus. The greatest number of CFUs was found in Clinic 3 and it was observed that the spittoon was the dental surface with the highest number of CFUs. Some of the bacterial species isolated are opportunists, suggesting that more severe biosecurity measures must be taken in order to prevent cross-infection.
Influence of curing mode of resin luting cements on bond strength to dentin
Authors: Giannini Marcelo , Carvalho Andreia Assis , Stefani Ariovaldo , Barbosa Wladimir Franco de Sá , Lopes Lawrence Gonzaga
Published: September 2017

Self-adhesive, dual-polymerizing resin cements require no treatment to the prepared tooth surfaces before cementation. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of curing mode on bond strength (BS) of three cementing systems to bovine dentin. Methods: The buccal enamel surfaces of 50 bovine incisors were removed to expose dentin and to flat the surface. The teeth were divided into five groups (n=10), which consisted of two resin cements (Multilink and Clearfil SA Cement) that were tested in dual- (halogen light for 40 s) and self-cured modes, and a control (RelyX ARC). Two cylinders of resin cements (1.0 mm X 0.75 mm) were prepared on each bonded dentin surface. After 24h at 37oC, resin cylinders were subjected to micro-shear testing in a universal testing machine (4411/Instron - 0.5 mm/min). Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA, Tukey and Dunnett`s test (5%). Results: Multilink showed higher BS than those observed on Clearfil SA. Light-curing resulted in higher BS for both Multilink and Clearfil SA. When Multilink was light-cured, no significant difference on BS was demonstrated between it and RelyX ARC. Conclusions: The highest BS values were obtained in control group and light-cured Multilink resin cement.
Impact of the use of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis, Flavonoid and Non-Flavonoid Propolis for Direct Pulp Capping in Collagen Type I Density
Authors: Sabir Ardo , Mooduto Latief , Kaelan Cahyono , Horax Sherly
Published: September 2017

Aim: To analysis collagen type I density on inflamed rat dental pulp after capping with propolis. Methods: Flavonoid and non-flavonoid substances were purified from propolis. Eighty male rats were divided into five groups, each group consisting of 16 rats. As a negative control (group I), rats were not conducted any treatment. A class I cavity was prepared on the occlusal surface of right maxillary first molar. Dental pulp was exposed and allowed in oral environment for 60 minutes, then dental pulp capping with ethanolic extract of propolis (group II), flavonoid propolis (group III), non-flavonoid propolis (group IV), or calcium hydroxide as positive control (group V). Rats were sacrificed at 6 hours, 2, 4 or 7 days, biopsy samples were obtained, stained and viewed by light microscope. Data was statistically analysis using Freidman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Except in group I, collagen type I density was increased in group II, III, and V with the longer of observation time periods. However, in group IV, collagen type I density increased only on day 7. No statistically significant differences of collagen type I density among the groups for each time period were found. Conclusions: Propolis and flavonoid propolis may increase collagen density on inflamed rat dental pulp.
Applicability of bolton’s tooth size ratios among mediterranean, japanese and japanese-brazilian populations
Authors: Sakoda Karine Laskos , Pinzan Arnaldo , Janson Guilherme , Cury Sérgio Elias Neves
Published: September 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if Bolton’s tooth size ratios can be applied to Mediterranean, Japanese and Japanese-Brazilian populations. Materials and methods: The sample comprised 90 pairs of dental casts of untreated individuals with normal occlusion, divided into 3 groups according to ethnical characteristics: White (30 Mediterranean descendant subjects, with a mean age of 13.64 years), Japanese (30 subjects with Japanese ancestry, with a mean age of 15.63 years)  and Japanese-Brazilian (30 Japanese-Brazilian subjects, with a mean age of 13.96 years). A digital caliper was used to measure the maxillary and mandibular mesiodistal widths from first molar to first molar on each dental cast. The anterior and overall tooth size ratios were calculated. T test was applied for comparisons between Bolton standards and the ethnical groups for anterior and overall ratios. Results: Only the Japanese-Brazilian group showed significantly greater ratios than Bolton standards. Conclusion: It was concluded that Bolton’s ratios are not applicable to the Japanese-Brazilian population. Therefore, it is suggested that Bolton’s ratios may not be suitable for different populations.
Profiling of pro-inflammatory cytokines in radiation induced oral mucositis (riom) among indian patients
Authors: Rizvi Moshahid , Marwah Akanksha , Iqbal Zaffar , Zafaryab Md. , Verma Mahesh , Gupta Sunita
Published: September 2017

Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is aimed at evaluating the expression of NF-κβ, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in patients with RIOM so as to validate their role in the pathobiology of the disease. Blood samples were collected and serum of 45 patients isolated with clinical signs and symptoms of mucositis and 10 healthy controls were also included in the study. The expression level of NF-κβ, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α was investigated using ELISA. Mann Whitney U test was applied to find the significance of the expression of these markers in RIOM patients as compared to normal healthy controls and significant expression (P< 0.05) for NF-κβ, IL-6, TNF-α and non-significant expression (P > 0.05) IL-1α and IL-8 was found. No significant change in the expression level of the cytokines was observed for patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy as well as those receiving only the radiation therapy as a part of their treatment. We have also found less expression in grade 1 of mucositis as compared to grade 4. Pro- inflammatory cytokines indeed play a vital role in the pathogenesis as well as progression of RIOM.
Treatment of dento-alveolar trauma: knowledge evaluation from southern Brazilian dentists
Authors: Lund Rafael Guerra , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Torriani Marcos Antonio , Corrêa Marcos Britto , Azevedo Renato Azevedo de
Published: September 2017

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate through a specific survey the knowledge of dentists on dental trauma in Southern Brazil regarding their conduct facing some dental trauma injuries. Methods: A survey with five personal and five specific questions on knowledge about dental trauma was carried out with all dentists regularly registered in Pelotas, Brazil (n=276). The data was submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and associations were tested by Chi-square test (p≥0.05). Results: There were a higher number of dentists with up to 10 years since graduation (45.4%) who worked in private dental office (66.1%) and with some specialization (63.7%). Dentists with more years since graduation were associated to less knowledge on dental trauma management (p<0.001). Conclusions: The knowledge of the dentists related to dento-alveolar trauma is lowered with higher time in clinical practice. Continuing education courses should be offered to the dentists by educational institutions.
Fungal and viral oral infections in individuals with onco-hematologic neoplasms in a University Hospital
Authors: Santos Thaiane Dantas Dias dos , Ribeiro Patrícia Miranda Leite , Rezende Renata Portela de , Curi Davi Silva Carvalho , Oliveira João Frank Carvalho Dantas de , Sarmento Viviane Almeida
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Individuals undergoing onco-hematologic treatment present higher risk for developing oral and/or systemic infections, due to the intense immunosuppression and compromise of the mucosal barriers during treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the fungal and viral oral infections that most frequently affected patients undergoing onco-hematologic treatment in a University Hospital, and relate them to the biopsychosocial data, underlying disease and treatment. Methods: This was a crosssectional study in which descriptive analysis of the data was performed, and the Exact Fisher test was applied to verify the association between the infections and the variables: sex, age group, educational level, underlying disease and treatment, considering a 5% probability of error. Results and Discussion: The clinical exam revealed that oral candidiasis was present in 8.92% of the individuals, and herpes simplex, in 4.5%. No significant associations were found between the variables and infections. The fungal and viral oral infections were little prevalente in individuals with hematologic neoplasms in the present study, suggesting that the action of dental surgeons in caring for the onco-hematologic patients at the Institution evaluated and the protocols use were efficient.
Effects of LAs’ Strategic Bidding on Wholesale Electricity Market Equilibrium
Authors: Taheri Iman , Askarian Abyaneh Hossein , Hosseinian Seyed Hossein , Bakhshai Alireza
Published: September 2017

This paper proposes a game-theoretic framework for quantifying effects of strategic bidding behavior of load aggregators (LAs) on wholesale electricity market equilibrium. The independent system operator (ISO) employs double-sided auction design to settle transactions in the wholesale electricity market. Generating companies (GENCOs) and LAs submit their bids to the ISO in the economic model of supply function equilibrium. Under the smart grid paradigm, a LA participates in the electricity market on behalf of end-consumers to minimize their total payment for purchasing electricity. In this paper, bi-level programming (BLP) method is employed to determine optimal bidding strategy of self-interested market participants. In the upper level, the profit of intended market participant is maximized and in the lower level, the ISO clears the market via a bid-based security constrained economic dispatch (SCED). Also, competition of GENCOs and LAs is modeled as a non-cooperative game. To examine the effects of strategic bidding behavior of LAs on market equilibrium, the proposed model is applied to the IEEE 9-bus and the IEEE 30-bus test systems. According to numerical results, to allow the LAs to behave strategically along with the GENCOs makes the former better off and the latter worse off, while the net effect of this on total social welfare turns out to be case-contingent.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Oral Tyrosine Administration on Plasma Tyrosine Levels and Cognition in Aging
Authors: van de Rest Ondine , Bloemendaal Mirjam , de Heus Rianne , Aarts Esther
Published: September 2017

The effects of tyrosine on plasma response and cognition in aging are unknown. We assessed the dose-dependent response to tyrosine administration in older adults in both plasma tyrosine concentrations and working memory performance. In this double blind randomized cross-over trial 17 older adults (aged 60-75 years) received a single administration of 100, 150 or 200 mg/kg body weight of tyrosine. For comparison, 17 young adults (aged 18-35 years) received a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight of tyrosine. Tyrosine plasma concentrations were determined before and 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 minutes after tyrosine intake. Working memory was assessed using the N-back task at 90 minutes after tyrosine administration. Older adults showed a dose-dependent increase in plasma tyrosine concentrations (p<.001), and the plasma response was higher than for young adults with the same dose (p<.001). Load-dependent working memory performance decreased with higher doses of tyrosine (p=.048), especially in older adults with greater dose-dependent plasma tyrosine responses (p=.035). Our results show an age-related increase in plasma tyrosine response, which was associated with a dose-dependent decline in cognitive functioning in older adults.
أحكام التزام الضمان في الهبة دراسة فقهية مقارنة
Authors: Assulamy Abdul Waly
Published: September 2017

The study aimed to find out the rule of security commitment to the donation in Islamic jurisprudence, has followed the inductive and analytical and descriptive writing research, was a statement of what the gift in the language and terminology, as well as the fact that commitment, and security, as well as the statement of the rule of security commitment to the donation, through the display the views of scholars and their evidence and out opinion the most correct, and the study showed a number of results mainly because of his talented on the donor in the event of the appearance of a defect in the gifted thing, if the gift aegypti, Vestrd Awad if it exists, but if the damage, the donor is committed to guarantee the talented, and commitment The guarantee shall be like that if it is Its like, otherwise A value and recommended study care of the subject of the rule of security commitment in the donation through seminars and television programs, and teaching at universities