bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of B-Value Variation as Earthquake Precursor in Java Region with Maximum Likelihood Method
Authors: Arubi D , Zulfakriza  , Rosalia S , Sahara D P , Puspito N T
Published: July 2022

Java Island is one of the areas with a population density of 1,171 people/km2, which is relatively high compared to other regions in Indonesia. The tectonic setting of the Java region is affected by the interaction of tectonic plate subduction between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate which moves at the rate of 67 mm/year. In addition, the presence of several active faults on Java Island also contributes to the tectonic setting. The implication of this setting is a relatively high level of potential earthquake events and some of them are destructive earthquakes. The estimation of b-value variations by using Gutenberg-Richter Equation plays an important role in estimating the occurrence of earthquakes. The aims of this study are to determine the role of spatial and temporal variations of b-value as earthquake precursors on Java Island. In this research, earthquakes analysis was carried out in the form of spatial and temporal variations of b-value from earthquake catalog data in 1900-2016 for the Java Island region. Based on the estimation of earthquake recurrence time for magnitude 6.5, 7, and 7.5, and also the analysis of spatial variation of b-value shows the areas with the potential for significant earthquakes in the west and eastern part of Java region. In addition, our result also obtains the existence of a seismic gap zone in the southern part of Central Java.
Assessing the optimal location for Sipora wave energy power generator site placement from a geological perspective
Authors: Pertala A W , Suherman I H , Kesumajana A H P , Kurnio H
Published: July 2022

One of the potential sources of renewable energy in the Mentawai region is ocean wave energy. The western Sumatra sea has a wave energy potential of up to 20 kW/m. The wave energy potential modeling conducted by the Marine Geological Institute (P3GL) ESDM revealed that western Mentawai waters are locations that produce annual average wave energy of around 20 kW/m. The geological survey of the seabed for power generating wave energy turbine sites using acoustic equipment including the Echosounder Odec, SBP Stratabox, and Star Fish Side Scan Sonar. The mapping of the seabed allows for the identification of undersea morphology, slopes, structural elements, and seafloor objects. Ocean depth sounding and bottom surface imaging are used in this research to determine the placement of the turbine site from the wave energy generator connection grid. The existence of underwater corals and fluvial plain units, continental shelf with shallow seabed and a gentle slope with an average depth of 30 meters was recognized as the most important factor in determining the site's location in this research. Based on the weighting and scoring results, optimal locations for potential power plant sites are in coastal areas located in offshore near Batu putih coast.
Estimation of Size, Volume and Weight of Oranges Using Digital Images Processing
Authors: Ifmalinda  , Putri R E , Rasinta I
Published: July 2022

Lima Puluh Kota Regency is one of the largest orange producing areas in West Sumatra. The common method for calculating the volume of fruit can be done manually with the water displacement method using a measuring cup filled with water then the fruit is put into, so the amount of spilled water is called an overflow which is equal to the volume of the fruit. This identification method will cause the quality of the fruit to be damaged due to immersion in the water (3). To overcome the shortcomings of this method, it is necessary to have a technology like digital image processing that is able to determine the volume and mass of fruit objectively without damaging the quality of the fruit. Digital image processing is an optical data recording system in the form of photos, analog in the form of video signals such as images on a television monitor which are directly stored on a magnetic tape. The purpose of this research is to estimate the weight and volume of orange using digital image processing technology. In this study, the oranges used were 3 levels of quality standard. The results obtained in this research are manual weight validation and weights using digital images with the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.9705, manual volume validation and volume using digital images obtained R2 = 0.9792. This shows that the program designed can estimate the volume and weight of oranges accurately.
Effects of solar photovoltaic installation on microclimate and soil properties in UiTM 50MWac Solar Park, Malaysia
Authors: Noor N F M , Reeza A A
Published: July 2022

Combining solar photovoltaic panels with agricultural crops on the same land were recently proposed as to maximise land use. However, most researchers were based on temperate climate whereas studies in the tropics have yet to be initiated. Thus, this study investigates the microclimate properties and soil properties for potential agricultural crops to be planted. We monitored photosynthesis active radiation (PAR), light intensity (LI), air humidity (RH), air temperature (AT), and wind speed (WS) in outskirt panels, under panels and row between panels at three different locations: highest point area, moderately sloped area and lowest point area. We also sampled the soil for analyses of chemical and physical properties. We found that PAR, LI, and WS remained low beneath the panels at all locations. Interestingly, no significant difference was detected in AT at different treatments. The accumulation of organic matter, moisture content, and soil bulk densities showed similarities between different treatments irrespective of locations. Soil infertility is reflected by low pH, CEC, exchangeable bases, available phosphorus. Besides, the result showed almost no amount of carbon, sulphur and nitrogen was found. This research might be the starting point of a potential agrivoltaic system in Malaysia that will benefit both farmers and engineers.
Response Analysis of Rice Products on Various Conditions of Water Availability for Development of Optimal Water Sawing Irrigation
Authors: Yanti D , Berd I , Naspendra Z
Published: July 2022

Farm systems with stagnant water require adequate water sources, because water is one of the most influential basic factors. Meanwhile, the availability of water decreased, while the level of water consumption increased. Water-saving irrigation solves the problem of water in rice cultivation. This study aims to determine the response of rice yields with the application of water-saving irrigation. The experiment was carried out with 5 treatments of water availability in the field: less than 50% of available water, 50%-60% of available water, 60%-70% of available water, 70%-80% of available water, and saturated). Each treatment was tested three times and the parameter observed was the productivity of rice plants. As a result, statistical analysis stated that there was no difference in rice productivity between all treatments of water availability in the field, with a significance value of 0.600, which is > 0.05. The highest productivity of rice plants is 6.44 tons/ha, namely the availability of water on the land at 70% and 80% available water. There is no difference in the value of rice productivity in saturated conditions with the application of water-saving irrigation, proving that the availability of water in the land in conditions of less than 100% available water has no effect on rice crop production.
Rainfall Characteristics for Irrigation of Pauh, Padang, West Sumatera Area for Irrigation
Authors: Tjandra M A
Published: July 2022

Rainfall data for Pauh area is evaluated to determine irrigation needs for plants. Precipitation data for 2021 is collected by the WeatherHawk Signature weather station every 20 minutes. Then the hourly, daily and monthly rainfall is calculated. Monthly rainfall is quite high with an average of 566 mm. However, the rainfall is not evenly distributed throughout the year. In each month the distribution of rainfall is also uneven. Several days of very heavy rainfall and consecutive days without rain are quite long with an average of 7 days. Even the longest days without rain reaches 16 days. From this evaluation it was concluded that sprinkler or micro irrigation is necessary to maintain crop productivity.
Inhibition of main protease enzyme (Mpro) by active compounds in cabya (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) for covid-19 treatment via in silico experiment
Authors: Supriyanto  , Mojiono
Published: July 2022

Covid-19 is caused by aetiological agent for SARS-CoV-2. The disease has caused pandemic responsible for deaths and economic loss worldwide. Therefore, novel drugs of covid-19 primarily using herbs are urgently needed. Cabya (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is a popular spice and also traditionally applied for herbal medicines. This study conducted an in silico experiment to screen methanolic active compounds in cabya and test their inhibitory activities against main protease enzyme (Mpro) as receptor of SARS-CoV-2. The in silico approach complied with molecular docking protocols enabling to evaluate performance of the compounds to inhibit Mpro. Two common drugs were used as control, i.e. chloroquine and ivermectin. As the results, molecular docking showed a promising inhibition by active compounds in cabya; in this regard, beta-sitosterol demonstrated the strongest inhibition against Mpro with binding affinity -7,5 kcal/mol, which is better than chloroquine (-4.8 kcal/mol) and close to ivermectin (-8,5 kcal/mol). The interaction resulted from two hydrogen bonds with amino acids ARG A131 and ASP A289 at distance of 15Å and 2,49 Å, respectively. The inhibition site of beta-sitosterol was similar to that of ivermectin. This research revealed the potential use of cabya for covid-19 treatment through restriction of molecular binding between virus and receptor.
Nutritional value and quality of yogurt with addition of palm sugar (Arenga Pinnata Merr)
Authors: Suharto E L S , Kurnia Y F
Published: July 2022

Yogurt has a number of health-promoting properties. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus strains of lactic acid-producing bacteria are commonly employed as yogurt cultures in combination with milk such as cream and skim milk. Palm sugar (Arenga Pinnata Merr) is a natural sweetener with a distinct flavor and scent. Palm sugar is promoted as a healthier alternative to sucrose since it contains minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and has a low glycemic index. The goal of the study was to assess the protein, fat, and ash content of yogurt when palm sugar was added at various quantities. With four replications, the trial used a completely randomized design with five treatments of palm sugar added to yogurt: P1(0%), P2(3%), P3(5%), P4(7%), and P5(9%). The data was analyzed using a test analysis of variance with a 5% significance level, followed by Duncan testing, if a significant result was detected. As result, yogurt with palm sugar addition had a significantly affected (P<0.05) on protein content, but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on fat content and ash content. In conclusion, the best treatment for the addition of 7% palm sugar to yogurt was P4 with a protein content (5.44%), fat content (2.98%), and ash content (1.12%).
Food Processing Technologies Aspects on Plant-Based Milk Manufacturing: Review
Authors: Romulo A
Published: July 2022

The emergence of immune and non-immune related diseases such as lactose intolerance and milk allergy has contributed to the milk consumption pattern changes over the last decades. Moreover, the problem with calorie concern, a saturated fatty acid in dairy milk, and the emergence of vegan diets have further shifted consumer choices to dairy milk alternatives. Plant-based milk is the liquid part extracted from plants such as legumes, nuts, cereals, seeds, and pseudo cereals. It is regarded as a replacement for dairy milk and perceived as a healthier product due to the presence of bioactive compounds. However, the nutritional content, sensory properties, and stability of the products are the main drawbacks of plant-based milk, as these properties are very different compared to dairy milk. Application of food processing technologies in plant-based milk production have been applied to ensure the quality of the final product. New technologies such as non-thermal processing have been applied to address issues related to the quality of plant-based milk. This article reviewed the technological aspects of plant-based milk production, including advanced processing technologies.
Combination of temperature and time of oxirane rings opening reaction for producing palm oil polyol as raw material of flexible polyurethane foam
Authors: Neswati  , Nazir N , Arief S , Yusniwati
Published: July 2022

Flexible polyurethane foams can be synthesized using polyols having a hydroxyl value of less than 100 mg KOH/g. The value of the hydroxyl value is affected by the temperature and time of the oxirane rings opening reaction. The purpose of this study was to examine the combination of temperature and time of the best oxirane rings opening reaction to produce polyols with a hydroxyl value of less than 100 mg KOH/g. Epoxidized palm oil was treated with temperature (50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C) and time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours). Parameters observed were hydroxyl value, hydroxyl content, density, viscosity, acid number, and color. The best treatment continued with the FTIR test. The oxirane rings opening reaction using a temperature of 50°C for 1 hour gave a hydroxyl value of 75.87 mg KOH/g.
Foraging Activity of Tetragonula laeviceps Workers for Natural Resources and Nest Materials at a Polyculture Cropland in Batusangkar, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra
Authors: Puteri G , Herwina H , Mairawita  , Janra M N
Published: July 2022

Tetragonula laeviceps is the most widely distributed stingless bee species in tropics. The observation on foraging activity of stingless bee workers of Tetragonula laeviceps had been done from September to December 2020 at a polyculture cropland in Batusangkar, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra. The study aimed to determine the pattern of foraging activity of this species at a cropland with vegetation mixture and to identify the relationships between environmental factors i.e., temperature, humidity, and light intensity, to the foraging activity. The stingless bee workers were observed hourly for fifteen minutes from 6 am to 6 pm at their nest entrance, focusing on what they carry when leaving and entering colony. The observation was conducted on seven consecutive days within a week. The natural resources that stingless bee workers brought into their nest were identified and noted along with the number of workers carried certain natural resource. The analysis on observation data showed that the going-out of stingless bee workers for resources peaked at 9 am. The resource carried the most by stingless bee workers into their nest were pollen. Statistical analysis revealed that 78% of foraging activities for resources and nest material in Tetragonula laeviceps were influenced by environmental factors.
Theory of dynamical cavitation threshold for diesel fuel atomization
Authors: Fujikawa Toshihide , Egashira R , Hooman K , Yaguchi H , Masubuchi H , Fujikawa S
Published: July 2022

Theory of dynamical cavitation threshold for vapor and non-condensable gas bubble nuclei is proposed based on a model equation constructed from Rayleigh–Plesset equation for glycerol, the liquid with viscosity higher than that of water by

1500

times, under a finite duration of strong tension. The model equation is ascertained to be valid in cases of strong tension under which cavitation occurs. Our model enables the study of dynamics of nuclei on the phase plane of the nucleus radius and the growth velocity, by which the full details of the threshold are revealed. We propose a dimensionless parameter to be used to classify the threshold of cavitation. Our model offers a simple mathematical expression to calculate the maximum radii attained, while under tension, for each of these three recognized patterns. For each observed pattern, we present unique predictive correlations for the radius of the nucleus growing for the tension duration. Moreover, we elucidate that the dynamics of the nuclei, grown up to certain sizes, is fully controlled by tension independent of the viscosity. The discrepancy between the dynamical threshold and the conventional Blake’s threshold is discussed. Finally, the utility of the theory presented here is demonstrated through numerical examples.
Electrochemical corrosion performance of friction stir processed cold spray metal matrix composite coatings on AZ31B magnesium alloy under sodium chloride environment
Authors: Mohankumar Ashokkumar , Duraisamy Thirumalaikumarasamy , Sampathkumar Deepak , Sonar Tushar
Published: July 2022

The main objective of this investigation is to study the effect of friction stir processing (FSP) on the surface integrity and corrosion resistance of low-pressure cold sprayed (LPCS) aluminium alloy/aluminium oxide metal matrix composite (Al-Al2O3 MMC) coating deposited on AZ31B magnesium alloy for aerospace and automobile applications. The Al-Al2O3 MMC coating was developed on AZ31B magnesium alloy using a LPCS system. FSP was performed on the MMC coating using a stirring tool made of H13 tool steel. The structural integrity of the coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase analysis of coating was studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD). The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were performed to study the corrosion resistance of cold sprayed and FSPed samples. Results showed that FSP improved the structural integrity of MMC coating. Both the EIS and potentiodynamic polarisation test results reveal that FSP treated samples provide superior corrosion resistance than cold sprayed samples. This is due to the increase in interfacial bonding between matrix and reinforcement phase. The degree of separation and dispersal of alumina in the Al alloy matrix is increased through the shear force generated by the FSP tool on the coating surface.
Anomalous temperature dependence of ion transport under osmotic pressure in graphene oxide membranes
Authors: Lin Lingxin , Liu Chang , Ma Pengfei , Zhao Zeyuan , Chen Jianming , Zhao Danting , Wei Shiqi , Zheng Jianxiang , Miao Huifang , Cao Liuxuan
Published: July 2022

Graphene oxide (GO) membranes have attracted broad interest because of their unique mass transport properties. Towards the controllable ionic transport in GO membranes, physical fields or external driving forces are induced to control the behavior of ionic migration in situ. However, the adjustable ionic transport regulated by temperature and osmotic pressure in GO materials is still absent. Herein, we report the anomalous temperature dependence of ion transport under osmotic pressure in GO membranes. The ions can diffuse spontaneously along the concentration gradient or the temperature gradient. Intriguingly, it is found that the reverse temperature difference can promote ion transport driven by osmotic pressure. Theoretical analysis reveals that the anomalous temperature dependence of ion transport stems from the thermal-diffusion-assisted ion concentration polarization (ICP). The high temperature in the low-concentration side largely enhances the ionic thermal diffusion and suppresses the ICP, which eventually strengthens the ion current along the concentration gradient. The finding can be developed into the temperature sensor for aqueous solutions and bring inspiration to the application involving ion transport under thermodynamic and osmotic driven forces.
Nationwide Estimates of Gender-Affirming Chest Reconstruction in the United States, 2016-2019
Authors: Das Rishub K , Evans Adam G , Kalmar Christopher L , Al Kassis Salam , Drolet Brian C , Perdikis Galen
Published: July 2022

Background

Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act, introduced in 2016, increased access to gender-affirming surgeries for transgender and gender diverse individuals. Masculinizing chest reconstruction (e.g., mastectomy) and feminizing chest reconstruction (e.g., augmentation mammaplasty), often outpatient procedures, are the most frequently performed gender-affirming surgeries. However, there is a paucity of information about the demographics of patients who undergo gender-affirming chest reconstruction.

Objectives

The authors sought to investigate the incidence, demographics, and spending for ambulatory gender-affirming chest reconstruction utilizing nationally representative data from 2016 to 2019.

Methods

Employing the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample, the authors identified patients with an International Classification of Diseases diagnosis code of gender dysphoria who underwent chest reconstruction between 2016 and 2019. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded for each encounter.

Results

A weighted estimate of 21,293 encounters for chest reconstruction were included (17,480 [82.1%] masculinizing and 3813 [27.9%] feminizing). Between 2016 and 2019, the number of chest surgeries per 100,000 encounters increased by 143.2% from 27.3 to 66.4 (P < 0.001). A total 12,751 (59.9%) chest surgeries were covered by private health insurance, 6557 (30.8%) were covered by public health insurance, 1172 (5.5%) were self-pay, and 813 (3.8%) had other means of payment. The median total charges were $29,887 (IQR, $21,778-$43,785) for chest reconstruction overall. Age, expected primary payer, patient location, and median income varied significantly by race (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Gender-affirming chest reconstructions are on the rise, and surgeons must understand the background and needs of transgender and gender diverse patients who require and choose to undergo surgical transitions.

Level of Evidence: 3
Vestibular migraine treatment: a comprehensive practical review
Authors: Smyth Duncan , Britton Zelie , Murdin Louisa , Arshad Qadeer , Kaski Diego
Published: July 2022

Vestibular migraine is an underdiagnosed but increasingly recognized neurological condition that causes episodic vertigo associated with other features of migraine. It is now thought to be the most common cause of spontaneous (non-positional) episodic vertigo, affecting up to 1% of the population. A meta-analysis of preventative treatments for vestibular migraine was published in 2021, but the authors were unable to establish a preferred treatment strategy due to low quality of evidence and heterogeneity of study design and outcome reporting. Therefore, there remains a clinical need for pragmatic management guidelines specific to vestibular migraine using the available evidence. Here, we provide a practical review utilizing a systematic qualitative assessment of the evidence for abortive and preventative interventions in adults. The overall evidence base for vestibular migraine treatment is of low quality. Nevertheless, we provide practical treatment recommendations based on the available evidence and our experience to help guide clinicians treating patients with vestibular migraine. We also discuss how future clinical trials could be designed to improve the quality of evidence in this condition.
Chromosome-level genome of Tibetan naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) provides insights into Tibetan highland adaptation
Authors: Tian Fei , Liu Sijia , Zhou Bingzheng , Tang Yongtao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Cunfang , Zhao Kai
Published: July 2022

Gymnocypris przewalskii, a cyprinid fish endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, has evolved unique morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics to adapt to the highland environment. Herein, we assembled a high-quality G. przewalskii tetraploid genome with a size of 2.03 Gb and scaffold N50 of 44.93 Mb, which was anchored onto 46 chromosomes. The comparative analysis suggested that gene families related to highland adaptation were significantly expanded in G. przewalskii. According to the G. przewalskii genome, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of 13 schizothoracine fishes, and inferred that the demographic history of G. przewalskii was strongly associated with geographic and eco-environmental alterations. We noticed that G. przewalskii experienced whole-genome duplication, and genes preserved post duplication were functionally associated with adaptation to high salinity and alkalinity. In conclusion, a chromosome-scale G. przewalskii genome provides an important genomic resource for teleost fish, and will particularly promote our understanding of the molecular evolution and speciation of fish in the highland environment.
Jurisdiction Unbound: (Extra)territorial Regulation as Global Governance
Authors: Krisch Nico
Published: July 2022

The international law of jurisdiction is faced with far-reaching changes in the context of a globalizing world, but its general orientation, centred on territoriality as the guiding principle, has remained stable for a long time. This article traces how, in contrast to the prevailing rhetoric of continuity, core categories of jurisdiction have been transformed in recent decades in such a way as to generate an ‘unbound’ jurisdiction, especially when it comes to the regulation of global business activities. The result is a jurisdictional assemblage – an assemblage in which a multiplicity of states have wide and overlapping jurisdictional claims, creating a situation in which, in practice, a few powerful countries wield the capacity to set and implement the rules. Jurisdiction is thus misunderstood if framed as an issue of horizontal relations among sovereign equals but should rather be regarded as a structure of global governance through which (some) states govern transboundary markets. Using a governance prism, this article argues, can help us to gain a clearer view of the normative challenges raised by the exercise of unbound jurisdiction, and it shifts the focus to the accountability mechanisms required to protect public accountability and self-government in weaker states.
The Legal Effects of the New Presidential System on Turkey’s Treaty-Making Practice
Authors: Pirim Ceren Zeynep
Published: July 2022

Turkey has always assigned important powers to the legislature, establishing a strong parliamentary tradition. This also applies to the treaty-making process of the state. However, in 2017, the governmental structure was changed from a parliamentary system into a presidential one. This article examines the implications of this transformation on national rules concerning the ratification/termination of treaties, with special emphasis on the withdrawal decision of Turkey from the Istanbul Convention. It is first argued that the new system empowers the president on his/her own to put the Republic under international obligations without assuming political responsibility. It is then argued that the withdrawal decision is unconstitutional, demonstrating that the expansion, without checks and balances, of presidential powers may result in the arbitrary application of the domestic principles of treaty termination. The validity of the decision under the VCLT is also discussed. It is concluded that international law has its limits in intervening in cases of violations of national rules concerning the termination of treaties. It is finally argued that the attribution of all competences concerning the various stages of treaty-making to only one person may have consequences on invalidity claims that Turkey may raise concerning its consent to be bound by treaties.
Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility and Response to Different Experimental Formulations of a Sodium Ascorbate Toxic Sugar Bait
Authors: Tucker Katherine R , Steele Cassandra H , McDermott Emily G
Published: July 2022

Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) require target insects to locate, orient toward, and feed on an insecticidal sugar solution to control populations. Formulating these baits with different attractants and phagostimulants can increase their efficacy by causing insects to choose the ATSB over competing natural sugar sources, and to ingest more of the bait solution. We tested formulations of a 20% sodium ascorbate (SA) ATSB solution using different sugars, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), gallic acid, and six plant volatile compounds to determine their effect on adult Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles stephensi Liston mortality. Baits formulated with fructose or sucrose had no effect on either species, neither did the addition of ATP. Gallic acid increased the survival of Ae. aegypti. Four of the six volatile compounds increased mortality in at least one species. We also examined An. stephensi response to baits formulated with each of the six volatile compounds. Anisaldehyde significantly increased the number of mosquitoes responding toward the SA-ATSB, but increasing the amount had no effect. Addition of anisaldehyde also significantly increased An. stephensi feeding rates on the SA-ATSB, though mosquitoes will avoid the toxic bait if a nontoxic sugar source is available. Formulation of SA-ATSBs with synthetic blends of attractive compounds can increase bait efficacy and consistency, though further research is needed to assess their performance in the field in the presence of natural sugar sources.
COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases leads to a high seroconversion rate and reduced self-imposed isolation and shielding behaviour
Authors: Ammitzbøll Christian , Thomsen Marianne Kragh , Andersen Jakob Bøgh , Bartels Lars Erik , Hermansen Marie-Louise From , Johannsen Anders Dahl , Mistegaard Clara Elbæk , Mikkelsen Susan , Vils Signe Risbøl , Erikstrup Christian , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , Troldborg Anne
Published: July 2022

Objectives

We investigated the effect of a two-dose messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine on antibody levels against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and patient behaviour and shielding concerning fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

Three hundred and three patients and 44 blood donors were included. All patients received two doses of an mRNA vaccine and had total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 measured before vaccination and 2 and 9 weeks after the second vaccination. Further, patients answered an electronic questionnaire before and after vaccination concerning behaviour, anxiety, and symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9).

Results

Significantly fewer patients (90%) had measurable antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 compared to blood donors (100%) after the second vaccination (P < .001). Treatment with rituximab was the strongest predictor of an unfavourable vaccine response, as only 27% had measurable antibodies. Nearly all patients (97%) not treated with rituximab experienced seroconversion. Prednisone and methotrexate had a negative effect on seroconversion, but no effect of age or comorbidity was observed. Patients experienced significant improvement after vaccination in 10 out of 12 questions regarding behaviour and fear of COVID-19, while no change in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or anxiety was observed.

Conclusion

We find a very high seroconversion rate among rheumatic patients and reduced self-imposed isolation and shielding after COVID-19 vaccination.
Neighbors matter: Vocal variation in Gentoo Penguins depends on the species composition of their colony
Authors: Rößler Helen , Lynch Maureen , Torres Ortiz Sara , Næsbye Larsen Ole , Beaulieu Michaël
Published: July 2022

When suitable nesting habitat is rare, birds may have to share it with heterospecific individuals with similar nesting requirements. The resulting species mosaic may in turn affect how breeding birds communicate vocally with each other. For instance, they may modify their vocalizations if the ambient noise produced by heterospecifics interferes with their own vocalizations. The colonies of Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua ellsworthi) are interesting to examine whether such a vocal variation occurs in colonial seabirds, as these birds frequently breed in the same colony as Adélie (P. adeliae) or Chinstrap (P. antarcticus) penguins. We investigated whether the presence of congeneric penguins breeding in the same colony as Gentoo Penguins affected the acoustic characteristics of their most common vocalization, the ecstatic display call. Based on vocalizations recorded in 23 breeding colonies along the Antarctic Peninsula during 3 field seasons, we found that the frequency of ecstatic display calls of Gentoo Penguins was consistently lower (average exhale phrase ~460 Hz lower, average inhale phrase ~370 Hz lower) as well as decreased in energy distribution when they bred in mixed colonies with Adélie Penguins than when they bred only in proximity to conspecifics. In contrast, the frequency of both inhale and exhale phrases was unaffected by the presence of Chinstrap Penguins, potentially due to the already greater frequency difference between these 2 species. The apparent vocal plasticity, in mixed colonies with Adélie Penguins, likely allows Gentoo Penguins to adjust the quality of their vocalizations depending on the acoustic space available in their colonies, and hence possibly enhance signal transmission between conspecifics. However, whether this acoustic adjustment is sufficient to increase the detectability of vocalizations and localization of individuals has yet to be determined.
TOUCH 3 and CALMODULIN 1/4/6 cooperate with calcium-dependent protein kinases to trigger calcium-dependent activation of CAM-BINDING PROTEIN 60-LIKE G and regulate fungal resistance in plants
Authors: Sun Lifan , Qin Jun , Wu Xiaoyun , Zhang Jinghan , Zhang Jie
Published: July 2022

Plants utilize localized cell-surface and intracellular receptors to sense microbes and activate the influx of calcium, which serves as an important second messenger in eukaryotes to regulate cellular responses. However, the mechanisms through which plants decipher calcium influx to activate immune responses remain largely unknown. Here, we show that pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) trigger calcium-dependent phosphorylation of CAM-BINDING PROTEIN 60-LIKE G (CBP60g) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE5 (CPK5) phosphorylates CBP60g directly, thereby enhancing its transcription factor activity. TOUCH 3 (TCH3) and its homologs CALMODULIN (CAM) 1/4/6 and CPK4/5/6/11 are required for PAMP-induced CBP60g phosphorylation. TCH3 interferes with the auto-inhibitory region of CPK5 and promotes CPK5-mediated CBP60g phosphorylation. Furthermore, CPKs-mediated CBP60g phosphorylation positively regulates plant resistance to soil-borne fungal pathogens. These lines of evidence uncover a novel calcium signal decoding mechanism during plant immunity through which TCH3 relieves auto-inhibition of CPK5 to phosphorylate and activate CBP60g. The findings reveal cooperative interconnections between different types of calcium sensors in eukaryotes.
Hours Constraints, Occupational Choice, and Gender: Evidence from Medical Residents
Authors: Wasserman Melanie
Published: July 2022

Do the long work hours required by many high-paying professions inhibit the entry of women? I investigate this question by studying a 2003 policy that capped the average workweek for medical residents at 80 hours. Using data on the universe of US medical school graduates, I find that when a specialty reduces its weekly hours, more women enter the specialty, whereas there is little change in men’s entry. I provide evidence that the increase in women is due to changes in labour supply, rather than labour demand. At the residency program level, I document that baseline female representation predicts female entry after the reform. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that the reallocation of women among medical specialties due to the hours reduction can close the physician gender wage gap by 11$\%$.
Lupus myocarditis: review of current diagnostic modalities and their application in clinical practice
Authors: du Toit Riette , Karamchand Sumanth , Doubell Anton F , Reuter Helmuth , Herbst Phillip G
Published: July 2022

Lupus myocarditis (LM) is a potentially fatal manifestation of SLE, occurring in 5–10% of patients. Clinical manifestations may vary from an unexplained tachycardia to fulminant congestive cardiac failure (CCF). With no single clinical or imaging modality being diagnostic, a rational and practical approach to the patient presenting with possible LM is essential. Markers of myocyte injury (including troponin I and creatine kinase) may be unelevated and do not exclude a diagnosis of LM. Findings on ECG are non-specific but remain essential to exclude other causes of CCF such as an acute coronary syndrome or conduction disorders. Echocardiographic modalities including wall motion abnormalities and speckle tracking echocardiography may demonstrate regional and/or global left ventricular dysfunction and is more sensitive than conventional echocardiography, especially early in the course of LM. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is regarded as the non-invasive diagnostic modality of choice in myocarditis. While more sensitive and specific than echocardiography, CMRI has certain limitations in the context of SLE, including technical challenges in acutely unwell and uncooperative patients, contraindications to gadolinium use in the context of renal impairment (including lupus nephritis) and limited literature regarding the application of recommended diagnostic CMRI criteria in SLE. Both echocardiography as well as CMRI may detect subclinical myocardial dysfunction and/or injury of which the clinical significance remains uncertain. Considering these challenges, a combined decision-making approach by rheumatologists and cardiologists interpreting diagnostic test results within the clinical context of the patient is essential to ensure an accurate, early diagnosis of LM.
Endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-induced lipotoxicity in human kidney epithelial cells
Authors: Çeker Tuğçe , Yılmaz Çağatay , Kırımlıoglu Esma , Aslan Mutay
Published: July 2022

Accumulation of lipids and their intermediary metabolites under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress instigates metabolic failure, described as lipotoxicity, in the kidney. This study aimed to determine ER-stress-related sphingolipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) changes in human kidney cells. Tunicamycin (TM) was employed to induce ER stress and an ER stress inhibitor, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), was given to minimize cytotoxicity. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Sphingomyelin (SM), ceramide (CER), and PUFA levels were measured by LC–MS/MS. Glucose-regulated protein 78-kd (GRP78), cleaved caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) levels were assessed by immunofluorescence. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), total COX, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured to evaluate changes in enzyme activity. Decreased cell viability was observed in TM treated cells. Administration of TUDCA following TM treatment significantly increased cell viability compared to TM treatment alone. Tunicamycin-induced ER stress was confirmed by significantly increased protein levels of GRP78. A significant increase was observed in C18-C24 CERs and caspase-3 activity, while a significant decrease occurred in sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and cPLA2 activity in cells treated with TM versus controls. The decrease in cPLA2 activity was accompanied by significantly increased PUFA levels in TM treated cells. TUDCA treatment in conjunction with TM significantly decreased ER stress, C18-C24 CERs, caspase 3 activity, and increased S1P levels. Results show the buildup of long chain CERs and PUFAs in kidney cells undergoing ER stress alongside increased apoptotic activity. TUDCA administration, along with TM treatment alleviated the buildup of CERs and TM-induced apoptotic activity in kidney epithelial cells.
Age and Time Horizons Are Associated With Preferences for Helping Colleagues
Authors: Shavit Yochai Z , Chi Kevin , Carstensen Laura L
Published: July 2022

The present study examined the causal role of time horizons in age differences in worker motivation. Based on socioemotional selectivity theory (SST), we hypothesized that under unspecified time horizons, older workers prefer to engage in emotionally meaningful work activities more so than younger workers. We further hypothesized that when time horizons at work are expanded or limited, age differences are eliminated. We recruited a sample of employees (N = 555) and randomly assigned them to one of three experimental conditions: a no-instruction condition in which time horizons were not specified, an expanded time horizons condition, or a limited horizons condition. We asked participants to choose from among three options for work-related activities: Helping a colleague or a friend, working on a career-advancing project, or working on a project which may take the company in a new direction. Consistent with SST postulates, we found that age was associated with preferences for helping colleagues in the unspecified horizons condition, and that age differences were eliminated when time horizons were extended or limited. As hypothesized, expanding time horizons reduced employees’ likelihood of choosing to help colleagues. Contrary to our hypothesis, limiting time horizons also reduced the likelihood of choosing to help colleagues. Alternative explanations are considered. Findings suggest that age differences in worker motivation are shaped by time horizons and that modification of time horizons can alter work preferences.
Giving Back: The Heart of a Nurse
Authors: Hassmiller Susan
Published: July 2022

Updated several times a week with posts by a wide variety of authors, AJN's blog Off the Charts allows us to provide more timely—and often more personal—perspectives on professional, policy, and clinical issues. Best of the Blog is a regular column to draw the attention of AJN readers to posts we think deserve a wider audience. To read more, please visit: www.ajnoffthecharts.com.
Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction Varies in High-Income Countries
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: July 2022

According to this study:

Treatment of acute myocardial infarction differs substantially in six high-income countries.

No country excelled in the three domains of care assessed in this study, suggesting all countries have opportunities for improvement.
Preventing patient positioning injuries in the nonoperating room setting
Authors: Moody Alastair , Chacin Beca , Chang Candace
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review

Postprocedural positioning injuries are an under-appreciated source of morbidity for patients. These injuries may not present until days after anesthesia and may be missed for multiple reasons including the distracting injury of the procedural site, illness of the patient, lack of follow-up, and insufficient awareness of this type of injury. Risks for these adverse events are exacerbated in the nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) population for several reasons. These patients tend to be older and sicker than patients presenting to the operating room, increasing the risk of an injury. Proceduralists and anesthesia providers are usually consultants, not the primary care team, so may have limited patient follow-up. This review will discuss the risk factors for position-related injuries and how to prevent them with proper positioning and padding.

Recent findings

The mainstay of preventing periprocedural positioning injuries is careful positioning of the patient and proper padding of pressure points. This may be particularly challenging because of physical constraints and positioning requirements for NORA procedures, as well as preference for radiolucent positioning materials. Recent studies have shown the potential benefit of monitoring somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) in high-risk patients.

Careful consideration of patient positioning and thorough understanding of peripheral nerve and pressure injuries is essential for anesthesia providers to avoid positioning injuries during NORA procedures.

Video Abstract

http://links.lww.com/COAN/A87.
Perspectives of Patients Receiving Telemedicine Services for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: A Qualitative Analysis of User Experiences
Authors: Sousa Jessica L. , Raja Pushpa , Huskamp Haiden A. , Mehrotra Ateev , Busch Alisa B. , Barnett Michael L. , Uscher-Pines Lori
Published: July 2022

Objective

Telemedicine for opioid use disorder (tele-OUD) has the potential to increase access to medications for OUD (MOUD). Fully virtual tele-OUD services, in which all care is provided via telemedicine, are increasingly common, yet few studies document the experiences of patients who use such services. Understanding patient perspectives is one of multiple considerations to inform the regulation and reimbursement of tele-OUD services.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 adults receiving care from one fully virtual tele-OUD service who had received 3 to 5 weeks of treatment. Analyses were conducted using an inductive and deductive approach informed by the modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model.

Results

Over three quarters of patients with past experience receiving in-person MOUD treatment described tele-OUD as more advantageous with its key strength being more patient centered. Over three quarters of patients said they felt tele-OUD helped to ameliorate social barriers to seeking treatment, and nearly all said they appreciated the speed at which they were able to initiate MOUD treatment via tele-OUD. Surprisingly, the pandemic was not among the factors that influenced patient interest in tele-OUD.

Conclusions

Patients engaged in one fully virtual tele-OUD service described unique advantages of tele-OUD. More research is needed to determine the appropriateness of tele-OUD for people in various stages of recovery, and data on long-term treatment outcomes are needed to inform decisions regarding the regulation and reimbursement of fully virtual and hybrid care models for OUD.
Perioperative Management of Extended-release Buprenorphine
Authors: Hickey Thomas R. , Henry Jonathan T. , Edens Ellen L. , Gordon Adam J. , Acampora Gregory
Published: July 2022

Perioperative management of buprenorphine is increasingly characterized by continuation of buprenorphine throughout the perioperative period while coadministering full agonist opioids for analgesia. Although this “simultaneous strategy” is commonly used for the shorter-acting sublingual buprenorphine formulations, there is little to guide management of the extended-release formulations of buprenorphine. Here we report the perioperative experience of an individual maintained on extended-release buprenorphine who successfully underwent major surgeries utilizing a strategy of performing the surgeries at the time of the next scheduled dose.
Roe 2022
Authors: Darney Philip D. , Landy Uta
Published: July 2022

The recent U.S. Supreme Court decision cannot take obstetricians and gynecologists back to 1972, because abortion practice, training, and research have made 50 years of progress. During this past half century, safe and effective medication and surgical abortion have helped millions of patients, thousands of obstetrician–gynecologists have been trained in more than 100 programs, and thousands of clinical, epidemiologic, and sociologic studies have demonstrated the importance of abortion to personal and public health. Obstetrician–gynecologists must support one another in amending or defying laws that subvert the principles of medical practice, training, and evidence.