bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel IgG-IgM Autoantibody Panel Enhances Detection of Early-stage Lung Adenocarcinoma from Benign Nodules
Authors: Luo Rongrong , Li Xiying , Gao Ruyun , Yang Mengwei , Cai Juan , Dai Liyuan , Lou Nin , Fan Guangyu , Zhu Haohua , Wang Shasha , Zhang Zhishang , Tang Le , Yao Jiarui , Wu Di , Shi Yuankai , Han Xiaohong
Published: December 2024

Autoantibodies hold promise for diagnosing lung cancer. However, their effectiveness in early-stage detection needs improvement. We investigated novel IgG and IgM autoantibodies for detection of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (Early-LUAD) across three independent cohorts of 1246 individuals. A multi-step approach, including Human proteome microarray (HuProtTM) discovery, focused array verification, and ELISA validation, was conducted on 634 individuals with Early-LUAD (stage 0–I), 280 with benign lung disease (BLD), and 332 normal healthy controls (NHC). HuProtTM profiling discovered 417 IgG/IgM candidates, and focused array verified 32 autoantibodies with distinct distributions in Early-LUAD and BLD/NHC. A novel panel of 10 autoantibodies (ELAVL4-IgM, GDA-IgM, GIMAP4-IgM, GIMAP4-IgG, MGMT-IgM, UCHL1-IgM, DCTPP1-IgM, KCMF1-IgM, UCHL1-IgG, and WWP2-IgM) demonstrated a sensitivity of 70.5% and specificities of 77.0% or 80.0% in detecting Early-LUAD from BLD or NHC in ELISA validation. Positive predictive value for distinguishing Early-LUAD from BLD with nodules ≤ 8 mm, 9 ≤ IMD ≤ 20 mm, and > 20 mm significantly increased from 47.27%, 52.00% and 62.90% [low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) alone] to 79.17%, 71.13% and 87.88% (10-autoantibody panel with LDCT), respectively. The combined risk score (CRS), based on 10-autoantibody panel, sex, and imaging maximum diameter, effectively stratified risk for Early-LUAD. Individuals with scores 10–25 and > 25 indicated a higher risk of Early-LUAD compared to the reference (scores < 10), with adjusted odds ratios of 5.28 (95% CI:3.18–8.76) and 9.05 (95% CI:5.40–15.15), respectively. This novel panel of IgG and IgM autoantibodies offers a complementary approach to LDCT in distinguishing Early-LUAD from benign nodules.
News coverage and the social dimension of belief reinforcement: a longitudinal mixed-methods approach
Authors: Shehata Adam
Published: December 2024

Understanding the conditions behind media-driven belief maintenance and reinforcement is critical for a comprehensive account of long-term media effects. Focusing on news coverage and beliefs about crime developments in Sweden, this study addresses the so-called “filtering function” of interpersonal communication: the idea that media messages and beliefs are validated in social networks. Using a longitudinal mixed-methods approach—combining content analysis of news coverage, a six-wave panel survey, and (focus) group discussions—the study analyses the long-term processes as well as the social validation mechanisms embedded within interpersonal discussion networks to understand belief reinforcement over time. Both the quantitative and the qualitative data support the basic social validation mechanism underpinning reinforcement effects, suggesting several distinct ways in which news coverage and beliefs are validated (and rejected) in social communication. These findings contribute to research on dynamic media effects, cultivation theory, and social networks.
The Institutional Guarantee of the Human Right to Science
Authors: Besson Samantha
Published: December 2024

This article identifies and specifies the institutional guarantee of Article 15(1)(b) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’ human right to science and, on that basis, argues for the consolidation of an international law of science. Its contribution may be described as threefold. First, it argues that science should be understood as a public and common good and, more specifically, as a public participatory good in a non-instrumental notion thereof. On that basis, second, the article argues for the collective dimension of the human right to science qua right to a participatory good, specifying what that dimension entails in terms of both individual (collective and personal) scientific rights and group or communal scientific rights. Finally, the article argues for the positive obligations of States to adopt norms of domestic and international law of science and the corresponding domestic and international law statutes of scientific institutions.
Increased longline bait predation by northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) around the Faroe Islands during the breeding season
Authors: Kühn Susanne , van Franeker Jan A , Jensen Jens-Kjeld , Olsen Bergur , Danielsen Jóhannis , Simonsen Poul-Johannes
Published: December 2024

Seabird bycatch is common in longline fisheries and detrimental to some seabird populations. Simultaneously, the loss of longline bait to seabirds may pose a considerable economic loss to fishermen. Here, we study northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis), bycaught in longline fisheries close to the Faroe Islands between 2004 and 2021. Biological data on age and sex and the quantity of bait in the stomachs was assessed. Males were over-represented in the bycatch sample, as were adult birds, likely caused by sex- and age-specific foraging segregation. Overall, 71% of 820 fulmars contained bait, on average 2 items per bird (range: 0–17 items). No difference in the average number of bait items was detected between males and females or between adult and non-adult birds. During the breeding season, however, adults contained significantly more bait in their stomach than outside the breeding season. No such effect was found for non-adult birds. Together with a lower body condition during the breeding season, this may indicate higher food requirements by breeding birds, potentially increasing entanglement risks. Regular loss of bait reduces fishing efficiency, likely resulting in economic loss. Reducing seabird bycatch may therefore benefit fishermen as well as seabird populations.
Therapeutic Effect of Evenamide, a Glutamate Inhibitor, in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS): Final, 1-Year Results From a Phase 2, Open-Label, Rater-Blinded, Randomized, International Clinical Trial
Authors: Anand Ravi , Turolla Alessio , Chinellato Giovanni , Roy Arjun , Hartman Richard D
Published: December 2024

The results from a pilot, 1-year, randomized, open-label, add-on treatment study in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) with evenamide, a glutamate modulator, were not associated with any safety abnormalities at all doses (7.5-30 mg bid), with a high retention rate even at 6-month (~85%), and 1-year (~75%), and the absence of psychotic relapses during the 1-year treatment period. Overall, treatment with evenamide showed a gradual, sustained, and clinically important improvement up to 1 year in all efficacy measures (eg, PANSS mean change ~ −20%; CGI-S mean change ~ −1.0). In addition, compared to the results at Week 6, the responder rates generally more than doubled at 1-year (PANSS “≥20% improvement from baseline” = ~45%; CGI-S “2-category of improvement” = ~25%; CGI-C “much improved” = ~40%). These results, rarely replicated in other trials in TRS, support the use of evenamide as an add-on treatment in patients who are not benefiting from their current first- or second-generation antipsychotic medication.
Analytic Torsion for Fibred Boundary Metrics and Conic Degeneration
Authors: Olsen Lye Jørgen , Vertman Boris
Published: December 2024

We study the renormalized analytic torsion of complete manifolds with fibred boundary metrics, also referred to as $\phi $-metrics. We establish invariance of the torsion under suitable deformations of the metric, and establish a gluing formula. As an application, we relate the analytic torsions for complete $\phi $- and incomplete wedge-metrics. As a simple consequence we recover a result by Guillarmou and Sher about analytic torsion under conic degeneration.
Large Time Behavior for Solutions to the Anisotropic Navier–Stokes Equations in a 3D Half-space
Authors: Fujii Mikihiro , Li Yang
Published: December 2024

We consider the large time behavior of the solution to the anisotropic Navier–Stokes equations in a $3$D half-space. Investigating the precise anisotropic nature of linearized solutions, we obtain the optimal decay estimates for the nonlinear global solutions in anisotropic Lebesgue norms. In particular, we reveal the enhanced dissipation mechanism for the third component of velocity field. We notice that, in contrast to the whole space case, some difficulties arises on the $L^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{3}_{+})$-estimates of the solution due to the nonlocal operators appearing in the linear solution formula. To overcome this, we introduce suitable Besov-type spaces and employ the Littlewood–Paley analysis on the tangential space.
The maturity of lean management in a large academic medical center in Finland: a qualitative study
Authors: Hirvelä Irmeli , Torkki Paulus , Javanainen Mervi , Reponen Elina
Published: December 2024

Background

Lean management (LM) provides hospitals with tools to respond to today’s rapidly changing healthcare environment. However, evidence of its success is inconclusive. In some cases, well-executed LM supports effective, beneficial, and safe patient care; reduces costs; and increases patient and staff satisfaction. In other cases, however, the desired outcomes have not been achieved. Organizations must acknowledge the maturity level of LM to successfully implement it for continuous development. This study evaluates the maturity of Lean implementation using a structured interview with a framework based on the Lean Healthcare Implementation Self-Assessment Instrument (LHISI) and utilizes findings about Lean adoption to evaluate factors that support and hinder its implementation, with the aim of assisting leaders in maintaining and developing Lean in health care.

Methods

The article describes a case study done at Helsinki University Hospital. A qualitative study was conducted in three sectors (A, B, and C) of the hospital. Fifteen healthcare leaders from the three sectors participated in a semistructured interview based on the dimensions of the LHISI. Qualitative content analyses were based on grounded theory.

Results

We concluded that the five dimensions (leadership, commitment, standard work, communication, and daily management system) of LHISI provide a comprehensive framework for qualitatively evaluating Lean in the hospital. We found that the five dimensions are influenced by other explanatory factors. These explanatory factors, knowledge about Lean, available data, and environmental, psychological, and organizational factors all support and hinder leadership, communication, daily management, and commitment to Lean in the hospital. The results highlight differences in the Lean maturity levels in the hospital. We noticed that 9 of 15 leaders had a misunderstanding of Lean, and all 3 sectors showed a lack of staff commitment to Lean in their units.

Conclusion

To strengthen the organization-wide implementation of Lean, it is necessary to understand that LM is a comprehensive sociotechnical management system, for which it is not enough to mechanically implement Lean with tools and techniques alone. By focusing on and developing the five dimensions and explanatory factors, organizations can achieve a high maturity of Lean and reach their full potential. A good level of competency and commitment to Lean by the leaders and the staff alike are important for achieving goals, engaging the staff, and increasing the quality of patient care in the hospital. The long-term Lean development of a hospital organization can be followed and continuously maintained via easy-to-use maturity tools.
Bacteria of the order Burkholderiales are original environmental hosts of type II trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrB)
Authors: Kneis David , Tskhay Faina , de la Cruz Barron Magali , Berendonk Thomas U
Published: December 2024

It is consensus that clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes have their origin in environmental bacteria, including the large pool of primarily benign species. Yet, for the vast majority of acquired antibiotic resistance genes, the original environmental host(s) has not been identified to date. Closing this knowledge gap could improve our understanding of how antimicrobial resistance proliferates in the bacterial domain and shed light on the crucial step of initial resistance gene mobilization in particular. Here, we combine information from publicly available long- and short-read environmental metagenomes as well as whole-genome sequences to identify the original environmental hosts of dfrB, a family of genes conferring resistance to trimethoprim. Although this gene family stands in the shadow of the more widespread, structurally different dfrA, it has recently gained attention through the discovery of several new members. Based on the genetic context of dfrB observed in long-read metagenomes, we predicted bacteria of the order Burkholderiales to function as original environmental hosts of the predominant gene variants in both soil and freshwater. The predictions were independently confirmed by whole-genome datasets and statistical correlations between dfrB abundance and taxonomic composition of environmental bacterial communities. Our study suggests that Burkholderiales in general and the family Comamonadaceae in particular represent environmental origins of dfrB genes, some of which now contribute to the acquired resistome of facultative pathogens. We propose that our workflow centered on long-read environmental metagenomes allows for the identification of the original hosts of further clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes.
Effectiveness of work-based educational interventions for antimicrobial stewardship: a systematic review
Authors: Langdridge Darren , Virhia Jennika , McMullan Rachel , Banks Duncan , Biard Olivier , Charitonos Koula , Alunyo Jimmy Patrick , Kagoya Enid Kawala , Olupot-Olupot Peter
Published: December 2024

Background

The pressing need for better antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is invariably reliant on educational interventions in some form.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of post-qualification educational interventions for AMS behaviour change among health professionals.

Methods

Seven databases were searched for articles published between 2013 and 2024 for post-qualification educational interventions aimed at health professionals to improve AMS. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental designs such as non-randomised trials, controlled and non-controlled before and after studies, and qualitative studies were considered eligible. The quality of studies was assessed using Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) criteria for RCTs and interrupted time series designs, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for all other studies. Data were extracted, analysed for effectiveness, and synthesised narratively. Registration: PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023447115).

Results

Forty-six studies were included in the review, with six meeting the EPOC criteria. The remaining forty were assessed using the MMAT. The overall risk of bias for the six studies meeting the EPOC criteria was low, but risk of bias was high for studies assessed using the MMAT. Overall, there was some evidence that formal education alone was effective in this context, but only limited evidence about what type of educational intervention, for which profession, is most effective.

Conclusions

Our review provided an in-depth examination of post-qualification AMS interventions. We found studies were heterogeneous and quality of evidence relatively poor. High quality studies focused on establishing key components of effective educational interventions are required.
Toward an artificial intelligence code of conduct for health and healthcare: implications for the biomedical informatics community
Authors: Payne Philip R O , Johnson Kevin B , Maddox Thomas M , Embi Peter J , Mandl Kenneth D , McGraw Deven , Saria Suchi , Adams Laura
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to significant transformations in health and healthcare. As AI technologies continue to evolve, there is an urgent need to establish a unified framework that guides the design, implementation, and evaluation of AI-driven interventions across individual and population health contexts.

Approach

In response to this need, the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) has initiated the development of an AI code of conduct (AICC) through its Digital Health Action Collaborative. This code of conduct is grounded in shared principles and commitments, aiming to actualize ethical and effective AI practices within the broader health and healthcare ecosystem. Given its specialized expertise and insight, the biomedical informatics (BMI) community plays a pivotal role in shaping and applying these guidelines.

Recommendations

We, as members of the AICC Steering Committee and the NAM Digital Health Action Collaborative, urge BMI educators, researchers, and practitioners to engage actively in refining and implementing the AICC. This involvement is critical to ensuring that the code is robust, applicable, and continuously improved to meet the evolving challenges facing health and healthcare.
Development, deployment, and continuous monitoring of a machine learning model to predict respiratory failure in critically ill patients
Authors: Lam Jonathan Y , Lu Xiaolei , Shashikumar Supreeth P , Lee Ye Sel , Miller Michael , Pour Hayden , Boussina Aaron E , Pearce Alex K , Malhotra Atul , Nemati Shamim
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study describes the development and deployment of a machine learning (ML) model called Vent.io to predict mechanical ventilation (MV).

Materials and Methods

We trained Vent.io using electronic health record data of adult patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of the University of California San Diego (UCSD) Health System. We prospectively deployed Vent.io using a real-time platform at UCSD and evaluated the performance of Vent.io for a 1-month period in silent mode and on the MIMIC-IV dataset. As part of deployment, we included a Predetermined Changed Control Plan (PCCP) for continuous model monitoring that triggers model fine-tuning if performance drops below a specified area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) threshold of 0.85.

Results

The Vent.io model had a median AUC of 0.897 (IQR: 0.892-0.904) with specificity of 0.81 (IQR: 0.812-0.841) and positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.174 (IQR: 0.148-0.176) at a fixed sensitivity of 0.6 during 10-fold cross validation and an AUC of 0.908, sensitivity of 0.632, specificity of 0.849, and PPV of 0.235 during prospective deployment. Vent.io had an AUC of 0.73 on the MIMIC-IV dataset, triggering model fine-tuning per the PCCP as the AUC was below the minimum of 0.85. The fine-tuned Vent.io model achieved an AUC of 0.873.

Discussion

Deterioration of model performance is a significant challenge when deploying ML models prospectively or at different sites. Implementation of a PCCP can help models adapt to new patterns in data and maintain generalizability.

Conclusion

Vent.io is a generalizable ML model that has the potential to improve patient care and resource allocation for ICU patients with need for MV.
A dynamic customized electronic health record rule based clinical decision support tool for standardized adult intensive care metrics
Authors: Cucchi Eric W , Burzynski Joseph , Marshall Nicholas , Greenberg Bruce
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Many routine patient care items should be reviewed at least daily for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. These items are often incompletely performed, and dynamic clinical decision support tools (CDSTs) may improve attention to these daily items. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of institutionalized electronic health record (EHR) based custom dynamic CDST to support 22 ICU rounding quality metrics across 7 categories (hypoglycemia, venothromboembolism prophylaxis, stress ulcer prophylaxis, mechanical ventilation, sedation, nutrition, and catheter removal).

Design

The dynamic CDST evaluates patient characteristics and patient orders, then identifies gaps between active interventions and conditions with recommendations of evidence based clinical practice guidelines across 22 areas of care for each patient. The results of the tool prompt clinicians to address any identified care gaps. We completed a confusion matrix to assess the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the dynamic CDST and the individual metrics.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center and community hospital ICUs.

Subject

Customized Clinical Decision Support Tool.

Measurements and Main Results

The metrics were evaluated 1421 times over 484 patients. The overall accuracy of the entire dynamic CDST is 0.979 with a sensitivity of 0.979, specificity of 0.978, PPV 0.969, and NPV 0.986.

Conclusions

A customized, EHR based dynamic CDST can be highly accurate. Integrating a comprehensive dynamic CDST into existing workflows could improve attention and actions related to routine ICU quality metrics.
Development of an indigestible dietary protein index to investigate the effects of dietary protein content in postweaned pigs
Authors: de Oliveira Marllon J K , Babatunde Olufemi O , Rodrigues Lucas A , Erinle Taiwo J , Htoo John K , Mendoza S Maria , Columbus Daniel A
Published: December 2024

Proteolytic fermentation induces negative effects on gut health and function, which may affect pig performance. The objective was to conduct a meta-analysis to develop an index of dietary indigestible dietary protein (IDP) to investigate growth performance outcomes of mixed-sex weanling pigs (average body weight of 7.59 kg). Eighty-nine articles reporting growth performance variables [average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain:feed ratio (GF), initial (IBW), and final body weight] in pigs fed different dietary protein (DP) content (from 12% to 33.6%) and protein sources (plant and animal) were included. DP and IDP index was calculated in all experiments using a common database, with the IDP index defined as the difference between total DP and standardized ileal digestible DP. A DP- and an IDP-based model were developed to predict the ADG, GF, and ADFI (by their relationship) of weaning pigs using a multivariable linear mixed model regression approach with estimates of variable effects obtained using the residual maximum likelihood method. Based on a stepwise manual forward selection, significant predictor variables with improvement of at least 2 points in the Bayesian information criterion were included in the final regression model. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 and a trend at P < 0.10. Initial exploratory analysis of the database showed a quadratic increase (P < 0.01) in the IDP index with increasing inclusion of plant protein sources in diet formulation and a linear decrease (P < 0.01) in the IDP index with increasing synthetic amino acid inclusion. Regarding the models, the DP-based model could not account for the inclusion of protein sources compared to the IDP-based model. There was a tendency for DP to positively affect (P < 0.10) ADG and GF. Increasing the IDP index tended to negatively impact (P < 0.10) ADG while reducing (P < 0.05) ADFI. Using a practical and hypothetical feed formulation simulation, the final regression models predicted the expected negative impact of a high IDP index on newly weaned pig performance when compared to a low IDP diet. The IDP-based model predicted a stronger negative effect of high IDP when compared to the DP-based model. Results indicate that IDP may be an improved and more reliable index to investigate the impact of DP on pig performance in the postweaning phase.
Commentary for: a lipid scramblase TMEM41B is involved in the processing and transport of GPI-anchored proteins
Authors: Hirayama Hiroto
Published: December 2024

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is a conserved post-translational modification in eukaryotes. This modification allows acceptor proteins to be expressed at the cell surface as GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), which play critical roles in various biological processes. It has been proposed that remodelling of GPI after transferring acceptor proteins, including the PGAP1-dependent deacylation of GPI-inositol, functions as a checkpoint for transporting mature GPI-APs from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. A previous study identified several factors involved in regulating PGAP1-dependent GPI-inositol deacylation, including proteins associated with the calnexin cycles, SELT and CLPTM1. A recent report by Cao et al., revealed that the loss of TMEM41B, an ER-resident lipid scramblase, rescues the defect in GPI-inositol deacylation in SELT-KO cells. Further investigation demonstrated that TMEM41B is essential for the efficient transport of both GPI-APs and transmembrane proteins from the ER to the Golgi. The study also found that PGAP1 proteins accumulate in the ER of TMEM41B-KO cells, suggesting that perturbations in the ER-membrane lipid integrity stabilize PGAP1 proteins, thereby enhancing the PGAP1 activity within the ER. These findings highlight that defects in TMEM41B impact two distinct processes: (i) the transport of GPI-APs from the ER to the Golgi, and (ii) the deacylation of GPI-APs.
An activating calcium-sensing receptor variant with biased signaling reveals a critical residue for Gα11 coupling
Authors: Benson Matthew R , Wyatt Rachael A , Levine Michael A , Gorvin Caroline M
Published: December 2024

Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) is due to enhanced calcium-dependent signaling caused by heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) variants in the CASR gene (ADH1) or in the GNA11 gene, encoding Gα11 (ADH2). Both ADH1 and ADH2 are associated with hypocalcemia and normal or inappropriately low levels of circulating PTH. ADH1 patients typically manifest hypercalciuria, while ADH2 is associated with short stature in approximately 42% of cases. We evaluated a 10-yr-old boy with hypoparathyroidism and short stature. Biochemical analyses revealed hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and inconsistent hypercalciuria. Genetic analyses revealed a de novo heterozygous p.Leu723Arg variant in CASR. We characterized the expression of recombinant WT and Leu723Arg calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) proteins in HEK293 cells and assessed G protein activation in vitro by CaSR using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. Transient expression studies showed the Leu723Arg variant was normally expressed but resulted in a significantly lower EC50 for extracellular calcium activation of G11 but not other G proteins (ie, Gi, Gq, Gs). The Leu723Arg substitution has a novel GOF phenotype that leads to biased CaSR activation of G11 signaling, suggesting that residue 723 specifies activation of G11 but not other G proteins. Similar studies of a previously described CaSR variant associated with hypoparathyroidism and short stature, Leu616Val, showed no changes in any G protein pathways, indicating it is likely to be a benign variant. Given the preferential activation of G11 by the Leu723Arg CaSR variant, we propose that the patient’s short stature shares a similar basis to that in patients with ADH2 due to GOF variants in GNA11.
Cardiovascular outcomes of romosozumab treatment—real-world data analysis
Authors: Tsur Anat , Cahn Avivit , Levy Ludmila , Pollack Rena
Published: December 2024

Romosozumab is a potent treatment for osteoporosis, with significant effects on bone density and fracture prevention. This study evaluated the cardiovascular safety of romosozumab in a real-world cohort of postmenopausal women at high fracture risk. We retrospectively evaluated postmenopausal women who initiated treatment with romosozumab between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2023. We examined the occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) across two distinct segments during the treatment period and after its conclusion. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 847 women were followed for a median of 729 days (IQR: 445-1060). The incidence rate of MACE was 24.0 (95% CI 17.7-32.5) per 1000 person-years during the study period. The change in the rate of MACE from 0-90 days and 90-365 days post-treatment initiation was 0.04 and 0.06 events per 1000 days, respectively. The difference in the rate between these intervals was not statistically significant (p = .09). After 1 yr of treatment, the slope of MACE increased to 0.10, differing significantly from the preceding 12 mo on treatment (p<.001). The incidence of MACE was higher in those with a background of previous cardiovascular disease or diabetes at all timepoints, as expected. The consistency in event rates during treatment suggests that romosozumab is not associated with an increase in MACE in postmenopausal women. This finding challenges reports suggesting an increase in cardiovascular events within the first year of romosozumab treatment.
A novel method for long-term ventilation recording of prawns and shrimps (Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata, Caridea) across molting cycle
Authors: Xie Jia-Min , Tsai Meng-Li , Chen Tsen-Chien , Wu Wen-Yi
Published: December 2024

We developed a novel method for real-time recording of scaphognathite pumping in prawns using a 27-gauge, stainless-steel injection needle bent at three right angles as a recording electrode. This electrode was implanted into the inner side of the carapace at the anterior end of the gill chamber. During pumping, the small frictional contact between the scaphognathite and the electrode generated electrical signals that served as indicators of scaphognathite activity. The electrical signals accurately differentiated between forward and reverse pumping and the various scaphognathite pumping patterns reported in the literature. The electrode and the wire did not interfere with the prawns’ movements or molting, enabling prolonged recording periods, including across molting cycles.
Development of a panel of SNP loci in the emblematic southern damselfly (Coenagrion mercuriale) using a hybrid method: pitfalls and recommendations for large-scale SNP genotyping in a nonmodel endangered species
Authors: Lévêque Agathe , Arnaud Jean-François , Vignon Vincent , Mazoyer Clément , Godé Cécile , Duputié Anne
Published: December 2024

Genomic markers are essential tools for studying species of conservation concern, yet nonmodel species often lack a reference genome. Here we describe a methodology for identifying and genotyping thousands of SNP loci in the southern damselfly (Coenagrion mercuriale), a bioindicator of freshwater stream quality classified as near-threatened, with locally declining populations. We used a hybrid approach combining reduced representation sequencing and target enrichment. First, we identified putative SNP loci using ddRADseq and de novo assembly. Then, single primer enrichment technology targeted 6000 of these SNPs across 1920 individuals. Challenges encountered included sequence recapture failure, coverage depth discrepancies, and aberrant FIS values. We provide recommendations to address such issues. After multiple filtering steps, 2092 SNPs were retained and used to analyze the genetic structure of 131 individuals belonging to 11 populations in France, comparing central and marginal populations. Genetic differentiation was lower among central populations, with no sign of inbreeding. As compared with microsatellite loci, SNPs exhibited greater resolution in detecting fine-scaled genetic structure, and identifying putative hybrids in adjacent populations. In this study, we emphasize the difficulties of large-scale SNP genotyping in nonmodel species via a hybrid method that ultimately did not offer the expected cost and time-saving compared with classical ddRAD approaches. However, SNPs showed greater power than previously available markers in identifying conservation units or admixture events, and the panel of reusable probes we describe here offers the potential to improve conservation efforts through future diachronic studies or finer estimations of key parameters like effective population size.
“Covering For Our City Blight”: Kudzu and Public Health in Atlanta, 1979-1994
Authors: Reilly Kenneth
Published: December 2024

Kudzu, a perennial climbing vine and invasive species to the American South, occupied a unique space in the city of Atlanta, Georgia as a danger to public health from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. This article examines why municipal authorities understood the vine as a threat to public health. Kudzu’s ability to smother surfaces allowed it to conceal murdered people and serve as a habitat for rats, snakes, and mosquitos, making it a direct threat to public safety in the eyes of public health authorities. Kudzu also grew extensively in vacant lots where city officials were trying to promote the city as progressive and prosperous. The city council voted in support of an ordinance against extensive growths of the vine, but eradication produced its own challenges: kudzu removal was expensive, and permanent eradication required large investments in time. Unhoused people also relied on the vine for shelter, which meant that eradication directly affected their safety. Examining how municipal authorities framed kudzu as a threat to public health, this article demonstrates that the vine’s status as a health risk lay in how it unintentionally clashed with the promoted image of Atlanta as a business-friendly city with harmonious relationships among its citizens.
Discovery and adaptation of microbes that degrade oxidized low-density polyethylene films
Authors: Jha Amit K , Martinez Daniella V , Martinez Estevan J , Salinas Jay E , Kent Michael S , Davydovich Oleg
Published: December 2024

There is a growing interest in developing a methodology for effectively cleaving carbon–carbon (C–C) bonds in polymer backbones through bioconversion processes that utilize microorganisms and their enzymes. This upsurge of interest is driven by the goal of achieving a circular economy. Polyolefin post-consumer plastics are a substantial source of carbon, but the recycling potential is severely limited. Upcycling routes are needed for converting polyolefin post-consumer plastics into value-added products while concurrently mitigating adverse environmental effects. These materials contain carbon-based chemicals that can, in principle, serve as the feedstock for microbial metabolism. Some microbes have been reported to grow on polyolefin plastics, but the rate of biodegradation is insufficient for industrial processes. In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films were subjected to two mild ozone-based oxidation treatments, which facilitated biodegradation. The degree of oxidation was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy via analysis of the carbonyl index (1,710/1,460 cm−1), which ranged from 0.3 to 2.0, and also via analysis of the carboxylic acid content. Following oxidation of the films, studies were conducted to investigate the ability of a panel of polyvinyl alcohol-degrading microbes to degrade the oxidized films. A defined minimal medium was used to cultivate and assess microbial growth on the oxidized films. Following 45 days of cultivation, the most effective strains were further cultivated up to three additional generations on the oxidized film substrates to improve their ability to degrade the oxidized LDPE films. After these enrichments, we identified a strain from the third generation of Pseudomonas sp. Rh926 that exhibited significant cell growth and reduced the oxidized LDPE film mass by 25% in 30 days, demonstrating an enhanced capacity for degrading the oxidized LDPE films.

One-Sentence Summary

Discovery and adaptation techniques were used to enhance the metabolic capability of microorganisms for increased biodegradation of ozone-oxidized LDPE films as a step toward a future upcycling process.
Online pharmacy shopping in Southern Vietnam: a cross-sectional study
Authors: De Tran Van , Ho Thanh Phat , Nguyen Diep Huy Phong , Nguyen Thi Thao Nhi , Nguyen Phuong Nhi , Vo Quang Loc Duyen , Nguyen Thi Hai Yen , Tu Anh Vo Thi , Ngo Tran Ai Linh , Pham Duy Toan
Published: December 2024

Objectives

With the rapid internet development, online pharmacy shopping has become a popular activity worldwide. Nevertheless, limited studies have reported this issue in Vietnam. Thus, this research explored the prevalence, associated factors, attitudes, behaviors, and satisfaction related to online pharmaceutical purchasing among customers in Southern Vietnam, as well as to predict factors associated with online pharmacy use.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2022 in the southern provinces of Vietnam. Participants were recruited from public health-related Facebook groups via a self-administered questionnaire link. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.

Key findings

Out of 557 survey respondents, 38.2% reported having purchased pharmaceuticals online, with dietary supplements (82.2%) being the most bought products. The respondents who were >25 years old (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.527; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002–6.372), having prior online shopping experience for non-pharmaceutical consumer products (aOR = 3.076; 95% CI: 1.252–7.561), and possessing positive attitude toward online pharmacy shopping (aOR = 2.886; 95% CI: 2.027–4.110), were more likely to purchase online pharmaceuticals. A quarter of respondents reported experiencing adverse effects from the products bought online (25.8%). Additionally, compared with the traditional pharmacy, the respondents were more satisfied with the product diversity (77%) but less satisfied with the consultancy activities (44.6%) when buying drugs online.

Conclusions

The study revealed that purchasing pharmaceutical products online was somewhat common among the survey participants, which highlights the need for improved consultancy activities in online pharmacies in Vietnam.
Clinical Impact of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Cancer and Suspected Respiratory Infections
Authors: Whitehurst Daniel , Otto William , Verkamp Bethany , Paulsen Grant , Danziger-Isakov Lara , Miller-Handley Hilary
Published: December 2024

Background

Respiratory infections cause a significant amount of morbidity and mortality in pediatric and young adult patients with malignancy. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is frequently utilized in the diagnostic process, but which patients would most benefit is poorly understood.

Methods

A retrospective study from 2013 to 2022 examined patients with active malignancy who underwent bronchoscopy with BAL. Positive and negative clinical impacts were assessed by 3 independent reviewers according to predetermined criteria. Mixed-effects logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with positive and negative clinical impact.

Results

In total, 145 bronchoscopies met inclusion criteria with a median patient age of 12 years (interquartile range 5-17). A total of 30.3% of bronchoscopies had a positive clinical impact with 17.2% leading to a new diagnosis, most commonly Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) (7.6%). Comparatively, 18.6% had a negative clinical impact, most commonly from a procedural complication (13.1%). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) initiation for treatment of suspected PJP prior to BAL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 11.20, 95% CI 1.32-95.29) was associated with positive clinical impact. Requirement for ICU-level care (aOR 18.85, 95% CI 3.60-98.69) or oxygen supplementation by nasal cannula prior to BAL (aOR 18.41, 95% CI 4.78-70.95) were associated with negative clinical impact while prior invasive ventilation (aOR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.58) was associated with the absence of negative clinical impact.

Conclusions

Patients with potential respiratory infections with high clinical suspicion for PJP who had been started on treatment TMP-SMX prior to BAL benefit most from bronchoscopy with BAL. Patients intubated prior to BAL who were deemed clinically safe for bronchoscopy tolerated the procedure better than those in the ICU not requiring intubation or those requiring supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula.
Retirement? What retirement? A tale of choice and necessity
Authors: Maruyama Takao , Charles Vincent
Published: December 2024

Not every older person retires at the same age; some don’t want to, others simply can’t afford it. Takao Maruyama and Vincent Charles present the dual faces of retirement in the UK
Living long and prospering: a Q&A special
Authors: Britten Anna
Published: December 2024

This issue we decided to expand our usual back page Q&A into a celebration of some of the oldest statisticians we could find. The four formidable interviewees, drawn from the memberships of the Royal Statistical Society (RSS), American Statistical Association (ASA) and Statistical Society of Australia (SSA), grew up during the Second World War, witnessed some of the world’s most seismic shifts, and through their brilliance and dedication to their work have made a positive difference not just to the discipline of statistics but to the wider world – from democracy to health care. We thank them all.
(168) SPURIOUS SPOUT: ANTIMICROBIAL PRACTICES DURING IPP INSERTION – SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Calopedos R , Suarez-Sarmiento A , Perito P
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Penile prosthesis infection (PPI) remains a serious complication for men undergoing implant surgery with potentially devastating sequelae. Historically, PPI were noted to be predominantly gram-positive, such as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species. More recently, top 3 PPI-isolated pathogens identified were Escherichia coli (18.3%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (15%), and Candida (11.1%). Fear that inhibizone and liberal use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may be contributing to a new PPI organism profile and resistance patterns, antiseptic solutions have recently re-emerged. Irrisept is an FDA-approved off-the-shelf product, containing 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), has recently been heavily marketed. Promising in-vitro results have swayed some implanting surgeons to change their practice.

Objective

To detail our experience and results after completely switching to Irrisept during virgin IPP implantation.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of primary IPP cases that were performed by one surgeon in the same outpatient center. Between September and November 2023, Irrisept completely substituted the usual solution of Gentamicin, Vancomycin and Amphotericin B or Fluconazole for both device “dipping” and intraoperative irrigation. All other procedures, including pre-operative scrub and IV antibiotics on induction, remained unchanged. The outcomes of these patients were compared to those undergoing primary IPP in the preceding 9 months when the routine protocol was used (November 2022 – August 2023). Presented outcomes represent follow-up from date of primary implant to 31st May 2024.

Results

In the 3 months that Irrisept was used, 60 primary implants were performed and two became infected (3.3%). Both manifested with pain and purulent exudate egress from their infrapubic wounds. Both underwent successful salvage to malleable prosthesis. Only one case yielded a positive wound culture, growing Klebsiella pneumoniae (pan-sensitive, except to Ampicillin). In contrast, 243 primary implants were performed in the 9 months prior without any infection (0%).

Conclusions

The in-vitro claims of Irrisept, with respect to Kinetic-Kill Time and logarithmic reduction in bacterial/fungal colony counts, did not translate to our in-vivo experience. Further multicenter studies are necessary to interrogate the use of this product in prosthetic urology.

Disclosure

No.
(174) THE USE OF THE 75CC CLOVERLEAF PENILE IMPLANT RESERVOIR AS A STANDARD FOR ALL CYLINDER LENGTHS, INCLUDING LONG CYLINDERS
Authors: Mahdi M , Majzoub A , Wang R
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The Titan inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) utilizes a Cloverleaf reservoir system that comes in two different sizes: 75 cc and 125 cc. The larger reservoir is used for longer cylinders, and in such cases, patients need more time and efforts to inflate the device. Moreover, Larger reservoirs might be associated with higher incidence of reservoir palpability and discomfort especially in the cases of ectopic placement.

Objective

We aim to evaluate the outcome of a technique utilizing the 75 cc reservoir for all cylinder sizes, in which larger cylinders are partially filled with 10-30 cc of saline to compensate for the needed amount of saline.

Methods

Patients who underwent Titan Coloplast IPP using 75 cc reservoir were included. They were classified into group 1 {cylinders shorter than 20 cm (n = 104)} and group 2 {cylinders of 20 cm and longer (n = 107)}. Data regarding patients’ characteristics, surgical details and procedure outcomes including complication rates and patient satisfaction were retrieved. Patients’ satisfaction was reported using The Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) score. Baseline characteristics and complication rates were compared using Chi-square test. T-test was used to evaluate the difference in the satisfaction rate between the 2 groups.

Results

There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with regards to patients’ baseline data. (table 1). During follow up, the overall early and late complication rates among both groups were 1.5% and 7.6% respectively. 16 patients developed late complications, including mechanical failure (n = 11), corporal erosion (n = 2), cold glans (n = 2) and chronic pain (n = 1). Comparing the early & late complication rates between the two groups, there was no statistically significant differences (P = 0.386 and P = 0.753 respectively). While the mechanical failure rate was higher among group1 (6.7% vs. 3.7%), the difference was not statistically significant. The satisfaction score means were 93.5% and 87% for patients in group 1 and group2 respectively, the difference didn’t reach a statistically significance level. (P = 0.25).

Conclusions

Using 75 cc IPP reservoir for large cylinders with the addition of extra amount of saline to the cylinders is feasible with no significant negative outcome. Using such technique achieves easier and faster device inflation, associated with less chance of reservoir palpability and bothersome, and might help to give more options for reservoir placement location.

Disclosure

No.