bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of Bali Cattle: Cytochrome b Sequence Variation
Authors: Rahmatullaili Siti , Fatmawati Diani , Nisa Choirun , Winaya Aris , Chamisijatin Lise , Hindun Iin
Published: June 2019

Livestock productivity in Indonesia is categorized as low compared to the other countries, yet the local Indonesian cattle is potential to develop. This research aimed to describe the genetic variation and phylogenetic profile of Bali cattle compared to their ancestor, i.e.Bos javanicusbased on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. This research was descriptive in which as many as 11 samples from Bali and 18 samples from Lombok were involved. The data, in term of sequencing results, were analyzed by using MEGA 4 version. The research results showed that the highest variation occurred in sample CL_8 (83 nucleotides), while the lowest one was shown by CB_7 (12 nucleotides). Meanwhile, the phylogenetic tree constructed presented that, genetically, Bali and Lombok cattle were categorized in seven big groups in which the closest genetic distance was between BL_1 andBos javanicus(0.061), whereas the farthest was the distance between BL_8 andBos javanicus(0.312). The results of this research can be utilized as the basic data for related fields to determine the most appropriate policies, particularly in managing local cattle breeding to obtain superior filial.
The Novel Postpartum Herbal Drugs: An in Silico Approach of Bakumpai Dayak Tribe Traditional Medicinal Plants
Authors: Latifah Nurul , Sardimi
Published: June 2019

The postpartum mother is primarily when she gets an infection (puerperal) of the genital tract caused by anaerobic microorganisms and pathogenic aerobes including Streptococcus. The Central Kalimantan people, especially the Bakumpai Dayak tribe, still rely on the forest potential as medical needs by using the term “tatamba kampung/traditional healing” where the process of gathering, processing, and its use is done traditionally. This study aimed at predicting what types of compounds available in bio herbal postpartum drugs based on bioinformatics studies. The study was conducted by modeling the compound 3D structure using the PubChem database. The 3D structure and bioactive potential used PASS-server Way2Drug method, Swiss Target Prediction. A typical Bio herbal of Bakumpai Dayak tribe has been proven to have an antimicrobial compound for postpartum. However, bioactive compounds from Curcuma domestica Val, Parkia roxburghii G.Don, Eclipta alba L, Citrus aurantifolia, Ageratum conyzoides L, Callicarpa logifolia Lamk, Alium sativa L., and Marus alba L. were more effective as antifungal, and Gradema agusta Merr had the highest potential antifungal of computation (0.639) compared to other bio herbals.
Pre-Design of Bio-Briquette Production Using Kenari Shell
Authors: Sundari  , Papuangan Nurmaya , Jabid A.W
Published: June 2019

At present, coconut shell charcoal briquettes are one of the alternative energy sources that are in demand by the export market. The purpose of this research was to produce an alternative briquette product based on local natural materials. Kenari shell is a waste of natural materials or biomass. The characteristics of Kenari shells have the same structure with coconut shell. The pre-design of briquette production of this Kenari shell used pre-treatment process stages, charcoal making, destruction, printing with adhesive variation, drying, and SNI quality of briquette quality analysis. The results of pre-design of bio-briquette production of Kenari shell showed that the application of the method and the basic ingredients of waste could produce the product of charcoal briquettes equal to charcoal briquettes of coconut shell.
Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Fruits and Seeds of Jambolana (Syzygium cumini L.) Skeels
Authors: Hanin N A , Fitriasari P D
Published: June 2019

The endophytes are microorganisms that colonize plant tissue without causing infections. One of endophytic microorganisms, fungi, comprises a reliable source of genetic diversity and has been applied in pharmacology. In this study, the endophytic fungi was isolated from fruit and seed of Syzygium cumini and identified based on ITS-rDNA. Five fungal isolates were obtained from fruit and seed of Jambolana, two isolates from fruit and three isolates from seed. Based on ITS-rDNA analysis showed that that endophytic fungus isolates from jambolana (S. cumini L.) Skeels was identified as Neofusicoccum parvum (F1 isolates), Pestalotiopsis vismiae (F2 isolates), Phomopsis sp. (S1 and S3 isolates), Colletotrichum fructicola (S2 isolates). All the isolates are belonged to Ascomycota.
Different Chemical Compound Profiles of Indonesian Coffee Beans as Studied Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wonorahardjo Surjani , Yuniawati Nurakhmah , Molo Antonius D. P. , Rusdi Hanumi O. , Purnomo Hari
Published: June 2019

Coffee is a favourite beverage worldwide, with all of its benefits. The taste and flavour of coffee depending on the chemical components of the coffee. And the presence of chemicals in the coffee ground depends on the original tree as well as on processing. In this report, some volatiles from ground and brewed coffee beans of Robusta, Arabica, and peaberry coffee beans were extracted to be described after chemical analysis. Mainly gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods were the main spectroscopy utilized to obtain chemistry information that was taken from hot brewed coffees. The result showed that peaberry coffee beans were very rich in components compared to others. Arabica coffee beans also had stronger in taste and flavour compared to robusta as seen from the profile compositions of chloroform and n-hexane extracts. Better processing would also be suggested for each type of coffee beans.
Spatial Variation in Water Column Structure, Nutrients, Chlorophyll and Zooplankton in an Estuarine Transect of Southampton Water
Authors: Shi Tingting , Li Zhengming , Zhao Yidong
Published: June 2019

Estuary systems are complicated and closely related to humans. The understanding of estuary systems is important to scientific study and human develop. An investigation was conducted on 3rd November 2009 by RV Callista along the Itchen estuary of Southampton Water with the aim of determining spatial variability in physical water column structure, nutrients, chlorophyll and zooplankton of Southampton Water, and recognizing the links between them. The salinity and temperature values are relatively lower at surface upper estuary than that of deep lower estuary. Water stratification is observed around upper and mid estuary. The nutrient Si exhibits conservative behaviour with a linear relationship with salinity gradient, while P shows non-linear with salinity, which may indicate an addition bahaviour. Chlorophyll distributes high concentration at surface upper estuary and relatively uniform and low concentration at downriver area which is mainly due to light and nutrients factors. Water turbidity affects chlorophyll distribution by reducing light availability in the water column, while chlorophyll can in turn influence water turbidity. The abundance dominant species of the estuary are Copepoda and Appendicularia. The mid estuary has the highest zooplankton abundance, while the lower estuary has the most zooplankton groups. Zooplankton distribution is relative to food distribution, temperature, light and salinity profiles.
Study about Ecological Security Assessment of Beijing Valley Region Based on PSR Model——A Case study of Puwa Valley Region in Fangshan District
Authors: Jiang Cui-hong , Li Guang-yong
Published: June 2019

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the ecological security of Beijing valley region. Based on the concept model of PSR (Pressure-State-Response), and referred to the current assessment methods of the ecological security evaluation, relating AHP to construct evaluation system, this study combined the impact factors of natural, social and economic on Valley Region ecological security, the mutual influence and restraint law of the internal system between various factors, AHP was used to establish the ecological security assessment indicators system of Beijing Valley Region. Compared with 2010 increased 0.08, The score of ecological security about Puwa Valley Region was 0.63 which attained general status. At last, this study promoted corresponding advices.
Review of the Basic Theory and Evaluation Methods of Sustainable Urban Renewal
Authors: Zijun YE
Published: June 2019

With the integration of the sustainable development concept and urban renewal practices, sustainable urban renewal has emerged as a new research area. At the same time, in the context of the emergence of urban problems with the increasing complexity, sustainable urban renewal has gradually become a new type of governance that takes social, economic and environmental sustainability into account. Based on the analysis of relevant terms of urban renewal and reviewing the relevant theories of sustainable urban renewal, this paper systematically sorts out the research progress of sustainable urban renewal evaluation methods, which provides theoretical guidance and technical support for sustainable urban renewal decision-making.
A Modified Spectral Phase Conjugation Algorithm for Quadratic Programming: Application to Water Resources Planning Problems
Authors: Kong Xiangming , Hao Zhenda , Yang Aili
Published: June 2019

Water resources management system has been a major concern since it gives necessities of human-living as well as promoting economic development. Therefore, how to establish valid and accurate water management schemes for water managers to satisfy the demands from water users, is of great significance. In this study, a modified spectral phase conjugation algorithm for quadratic programming (MCQP) is developed for water resources management systems. The model is detived by modifying the search direction within spectral phase conjugation algorithm. MCQP can efficiently solve nonlinearity in the objective function and linearity in the constraint which lead to complexes in water resources management systems. Results show that reasonable solutions have been obtained to support the rational development of water resources management. They can help water managers to identify desired policies under variou economic and environmental constraints. MCQP can be further applied to other resources management systems with mixed nonlinear and linear factors.
Study on Activating Neighbourhood Space under the Impact of Shared Cycling Mode
Authors: Zhang Lingqing , Yan Jing
Published: June 2019

This paper focuses on the response mechanism of self-organization and planning management of urban neighborhood space in Chengdu of China under the impact of shared cycling mode aiming at providing theoretical support for the study of urban management and development of shared traffic patterns based on empirical research. For this new thing, the corresponding research literature is scarce and mostly simple commentary, lacking in-depth study. But its rapid development and particular influence make it a research object worth studying. Gaoshengqiao Neighborhood (covering an area of 1.6 square kilometers) in Chengdu is selected as the research object and the data were collected by personal riding experience, pictures taken at certain periods of time and random interviews with stakeholders to conduct the research plan. Through the comparative study of spatial and behavioral data, the paper expects to analyze the human-centered law and scientific response mechanism of the change of neighborhood space under the shared cycling mode to promote the development of the shared traffic in the city.
Effect of Steel Slag on Crystallization and Bending Strength of Glass Ceramics Based on Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Shen X M , Zhao H T , Wu X R , Cao F B , Wang P , Li L S
Published: June 2019

The glass ceramics based on steel slag and blast furnace slag presented light-khaki color to deep-brown color with increasing content of steel slag. The major crystalline phase is gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) with minor akermanite phase (Ca2MgSi2O7) for all the samples. Decreasing Al2O3 and increasing Fe2O3 in the samples increased glass viscosity, and decreasing SiO2 decreased the amount of liquid phase. Both the above effects result in the increasing optimum sintering temperature. The grain size and amount of crystalline phase were increased with content of steel slag. The bending strength of the samples first increases with content of steel slag up to a maximum 90 MPa, then decreases. The bulk density of the samples decreases with increasing content of steel slag, from 2.76 g/cm3 to 2.60 g/cm3, owing to lower content of glass phase during sintering process. The samples exhibit good chemical resistance, and the weight loss values in alkali are lower than those in acid. Therefore, the glass ceramics based on steel slag and blast furnace slag may have great potential for applications as building decorative materials, and it provides a promising way for the utilization of steel slag.
Penetration Level of Photovoltaic in Distribution Network Considering Voltage Constraint
Authors: Gang Wang , Shenghui Li , Aimin Liu , Yu Zhu
Published: June 2019

A large number of distributed PV connected to the distribution network may cause the voltage deviation of the grid to exceed the limit. Firstly, the calculation model of voltage loss caused by load under different distribution rules and the calculation model of voltage rise caused by photovoltaic are established. On the premise that the voltage deviation of the bus can reach the upper limit of the standard, the maximum allowable PV capacity of the line without overvoltage is derived. For a typical 10 kV line, the maximum PV permeability under the same distribution rule of PV and load and the voltage margin at the head of feeder without overvoltage are given. The results show that the overhead line can accommodate more PV capacity than the cable line, the voltage regulation of PV power can prevent overvoltage, and the bus voltage reduction can allow access to more PV capacity.
Excellent Rate Capability of Nico2o4with Urchin-Like Nanostructure as Cathode for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Jijun , Chen Zexiang , Wang Yan
Published: June 2019

We report a fabrication of urchin-like nanostructure NiCo2O4by hydrothermal method and followed by heating treatment method for cathode of asymmetric supercapacitors application. The sodium-p-styrenesulfonate (PSS) played a pivotal role in synthesizing the urchin-like nanostructure. The formation of NiCo2O4with urchin-like nanostructure was showed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the crystalline structure was characterised by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The cyclic voltammetry curves exhibited a similar shape at all different scan rates, implying excellent rate capability. The galvanostatic current charge-discharge curves was also tested. The as-prepared NiCo2O4electrode exhibited the specific capacitance of 1168 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g (25 mA/cm2) and an excellent rate capability of 733 F/g at 16 A/g (400 mA/cm2). The cycle performance of the NiCo2O4sample under the current density of 4 A g−1is demonstrated which the value remained at 92.75 % of the maximum value.
A Framework for Global Twenty-First Century Scenarios and Models of Biological Invasions
Authors: Lenzner Bernd , Leclère David , Franklin Oskar , Seebens Hanno , Roura-Pascual Núria , Obersteiner Michael , Dullinger Stefan , Essl Franz
Published: June 2019

Biological invasions have emerged as an eminent feature of global change, with substantial impacts on the environment and human livelihoods. Current research demonstrates that the numbers and impacts of alien species are rising unabatedly. At the same time, we lack a thorough understanding of potential future trajectories for the decades to come. With the recent establishment of comprehensive global databases, it is, for the first time, feasible to develop and quantify future scenarios of biological invasions. Therefore, we propose a conceptual framework for how to develop alien species scenarios for the twenty-first century and how to identify relevant steps and challenges along the way. The concept will be important to inform research, policy, stakeholders, and the general public. Furthermore, we call for the scientific community to join forces and to operationalize the framework for scenarios and models of biological invasions to develop an important baseline for understanding and managing future biological invasions.
Etiology of Bacterial Meningitis Among Children <5 Years Old in Côte d’Ivoire: Findings of Hospital-based Surveillance Before and After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction
Authors: Boni-Cisse Catherine , Jarju Sheikh , Bancroft Rowan E , Lepri Nicaise A , Kone Hamidou , Kofi N’zue , Britoh-Mlan Alice , Zaba Flore Sandrine , Usuf Effua , Ndow Peter Sylvanus , Worwui Archibald , Mwenda Jason M , Biey Joseph N , Ntsama Bernard , Kwambana-Adams Brenda A , Antonio Martin
Published: June 2019

Background

Bacterial meningitis remains a major disease affecting children in Côte d’Ivoire. Thus, with support from the World Health Organization (WHO), Côte d’Ivoire has implemented pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) surveillance at 2 sentinel hospitals in Abidjan, targeting the main causes of PBM: Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus). Herein we describe the epidemiological characteristics of PBM observed in Côte d’Ivoire during 2010–2016.

Methods

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from children aged <5 years admitted to the Abobo General Hospital or University Hospital Center Yopougon with suspected meningitis. Microbiology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to detect the presence of pathogens in CSF. Where possible, serotyping/grouping was performed to determine the specific causative agents.

Results

Overall, 2762 cases of suspected meningitis were reported, with CSF from 39.2% (1083/2762) of patients analyzed at the WHO regional reference laboratory in The Gambia. In total, 82 (3.0% [82/2762]) CSF samples were positive for bacterial meningitis. Pneumococcus was the main pathogen responsible for PBM, accounting for 69.5% (52/82) of positive cases. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes 5, 18C, 19F, and 6A/B were identified post–vaccine introduction. Emergence of H. influenzae nontypeable meningitis was observed after H. influenzae type b vaccine introduction.

Conclusions

Despite widespread use and high coverage of conjugate vaccines, pneumococcal vaccine serotypes and H. influenzae type b remain associated with bacterial meningitis among children aged <5 years in Côte d’Ivoire. This reinforces the need for enhanced surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases to determine the prevalence of bacterial meningitis and vaccine impact across the country.
Size-dependent locomotory performance creates a behaviorally mediated prey size refuge in the marine snail Olivella semistriata: a study in the natural habitat
Authors: Veelenturf Callie A , Peters Winfried S
Published: June 2019

The effects of the variability of individual prey locomotory performance on the vulnerability to predation are poorly understood, partly because individual performance is difficult to determine in natural habitats. To gain insights into the role(s) of individual variation in predatory relationships, we study a convenient model system, the neotropical sandy beach gastropod Olivella semistriata and its main predator, the carnivorous snail Agaronia propatula. The largest size class of O. semistriata is known to be missing from A. propatula’s spectrum of subdued prey, although the predator regularly captures much larger individuals of other taxa. To resolve this conundrum, we analyzed predation attempts in the wild. While A. propatula attacked O. semistriata of all sizes, large prey specimens usually escaped by ‘sculling’, an accelerated, stepping mode of locomotion. Olivella semistriata performed sculling locomotion regardless of size, but sculling velocities determined in the natural environment increased strongly with size. Thus, growth in size as such does not establish a prey size refuge in which O. semistriata is safe from predation. Rather, a behaviorally mediated size refuge is created through the size-dependence of sculling performance. Taken together, this work presents a rare quantitative characterization in the natural habitat of the causal sequence from the size-dependence of individual performance, to the prey size-dependent outcome of predation attempts, to the size bias in the predator’s prey spectrum.
A case report: black oesophagus as a possible complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Gonçalves Inês S , Bordalo e Sá Armando L , Fatela Narcisa , Canas da Silva Pedro
Published: June 2019

Background

The increasing number of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in the last few years has unveiled a unique set of events and complications that need prompt recognition and management in order to improve patient outcomes, often involving a multidisciplinary team.

Case summary

We present a case of a 86-year-old woman with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis that underwent a TAVI and, in the post-procedure period, presented with acute abundant haematemesis, haemodynamic instability, and haemoglobin drop. The diagnosis of acute necrotizing oesophagitis (ANE) was made by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Discussion

Acute necrotizing oesophagitis is a rare entity caused usually by an ischaemic insult in the presence of predisposing factors; it has a high rate of complications and mortality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical case report to describe the occurrence of ANE as a possible complication of TAVI and is also an example of the importance of the multidisciplinary approach of these complex patients, which extends even beyond the concept of Heart Team.
A case report: mechanical tricuspid valve thrombosis necessitating cardiac surgery during pregnancy
Authors: Sathananthan Gnalini , Johal Niall , Grewal Jasmine
Published: June 2019

Background

Pregnant women with mechanical valves are considered a high-risk pregnancy. They carry an increased risk of both maternal and foetal complications. This includes maternal valve thrombosis, foetal embryopathy, and haemorrhage. Cardiac surgery is generally avoided during pregnancy, and is used when there are no other alternative options. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during pregnancy is associated with high foetal mortality. Maternal mortality in the setting of CPB however, is not dissimilar to a non-pregnant woman.

Case summary

We present the case of a 29-year-old woman with Ebstein’s anomaly who developed thrombosis of her mechanical tricuspid valve at 4 weeks’ gestation. This was suspected to be likely due to sub-therapeutic anticoagulation at the time of presentation. She underwent a tricuspid valve replacement during the first trimester of pregnancy after failing medical therapy, with overall favourable maternal and foetal outcomes.

Discussion

Valve thrombosis during pregnancy is a devastating complication. There is limited data surrounding the best management strategy of valve thrombosis in pregnancy. Cardiac surgery with CPB is reserved for cases refractory to appropriate medical therapy. Though maternal mortality is largely unaffected, foetal mortality with CPB remains high. The management of pregnant women undergoing CPB is unique and extremely challenging. It requires a meticulous, multidisciplinary approach to improve overall outcomes.
A chromosome-scale assembly of the major African malaria vector Anopheles funestus
Authors: Ghurye Jay , Koren Sergey , Small Scott T , Redmond Seth , Howell Paul , Phillippy Adam M , Besansky Nora J
Published: June 2019

Background

Anopheles funestus is one of the 3 most consequential and widespread vectors of human malaria in tropical Africa. However, the lack of a high-quality reference genome has hindered the association of phenotypic traits with their genetic basis in this important mosquito.

Findings

Here we present a new high-quality A. funestus reference genome (AfunF3) assembled using 240× coverage of long-read single-molecule sequencing for contigging, combined with 100× coverage of short-read Hi-C data for chromosome scaffolding. The assembled contigs total 446 Mbp of sequence and contain substantial duplication due to alternative alleles present in the sequenced pool of mosquitos from the FUMOZ colony. Using alignment and depth-of-coverage information, these contigs were deduplicated to a 211 Mbp primary assembly, which is closer to the expected haploid genome size of 250 Mbp. This primary assembly consists of 1,053 contigs organized into 3 chromosome-scale scaffolds with an N50 contig size of 632 kbp and an N50 scaffold size of 93.811 Mbp, representing a 100-fold improvement in continuity versus the current reference assembly, AfunF1.

Conclusion

This highly contiguous and complete A. funestus reference genome assembly will serve as an improved basis for future studies of genomic variation and organization in this important disease vector.
Coastal migration patterns of the four largest Barents Sea Atlantic salmon stocks inferred using genetic stock identification methods
Authors: Svenning Martin-A , Falkegård Morten , Niemelä Eero , Vähä Juha-Pekka , Wennevik Vidar , Ozerov Mikhail , Prusov Sergey , Dempson J Brian , Power Michael , Fauchald Per
Published: June 2019

Combining detailed temporal and spatial catch data, including catch per unit effort, with a high-resolution microsatellite genetic baseline facilitated the development of stock-specific coastal migration models for the four largest Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations, Målselv, Alta, Tana and Kola rivers, contributing to the Barents Sea mixed-stock fishery. Målselv salmon displayed a restricted coastal movement with 85% of the fish captured within 20 km of their natal river. Kola salmon also demonstrated limited coastal movements in Norwegian waters, with most (> 90%) caught in eastern Finnmark. Multi-sea-winter (MSW) Alta salmon were caught west of Alta fjord across a broader stretch of coast while one-sea-winter (1SW) fish migrated more extensively along the coast prior to river entry. Tana salmon, however, were detected over a broad expanse (600 km) of the North-Norwegian coast. For all populations MSW salmon dominating catches earlier in the season (May–June) while 1SW fish were more common from July to August. This study provides an example of how traditional catch and effort information may be combined with genetic methods to obtain insights into spatial and temporal changes in Atlantic salmon catch composition and their associated migration patterns in a mixed-stock coastal fishery.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Heterologous Immunity to Tuberculosis
Authors: Shah Javeed A , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S , Horne David J , Sette Alessandro , Hawn Thomas R
Published: June 2019

Development of an improved tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is a high worldwide public health priority. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only licensed TB vaccine, provides variable efficacy against adult pulmonary TB, but why this protection varies is unclear. Humans are regularly exposed to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that live in soil and water reservoirs and vary in different geographic regions around the world. Immunologic cross-reactivity may explain disparate outcomes of BCG vaccination and susceptibility to TB disease. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is increasing but challenging to obtain due to a lack of reliable research tools. In this review, we describe the progress and bottlenecks in research on NTM epidemiology, immunology and heterologous immunity to Mtb. With ongoing efforts to develop new vaccines for TB, understanding the effect of NTM on vaccine efficacy may be a critical determinant of success.
Influence of temperature on the occurrence and distribution of the sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosaSay, 1818 (Decapoda: Caridea: Crangonidae) in polyhaline lagoons in Maryland, USA
Authors: Chigbu Paulinus , Malinis Lauren , Malagon Hector , Doctor Steve
Published: June 2019

Sand shrimp, Crangon septemspinosaSay, 1818, is one of the most abundant decapod crustaceans in estuaries and coastal waters of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, though little is known about its population dynamics in polyhaline lagoons of the mid-Atlantic region. Seasonal and spatial patterns of abundance and distribution of C. septemspinosa were evaluated in relation to temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen in Maryland coastal bays (MCBs) using monthly data (April to October 1994 to 2012). We tested the hypothesis that temperature influences the occurrence and distribution of sand shrimp in the lagoons. A consistent pattern of high relative abundance of shrimp in spring and its scarcity in summer and early fall was observed. Shrimp abundance was highest in the northern bays and at sites closest to the Ocean City Inlet during April, but lowest at sites in the upper parts of Chincoteague Bay and MCBs tributaries. As mean temperature increased from April (12.2–17.1 oC) to June (21.8–26.7 oC), the relative abundance of the shrimp decreased substantially at most sites except at two sites where mean water temperature was comparatively low (21.8–23.3 oC). By July, when mean temperature was at its maximum (23.1–28.9 oC) in the bays, shrimp were rarely caught in trawls even in early fall in spite of the decline in temperature. It is likely that shrimp moved into nearshore waters with cooler temperature or suffered high mortality due to high temperature during this period. Generalized linear models suggest that temperature, and temperature and dissolved oxygen combined, were the most important abiotic factors examined that influenced the spatial distribution of C. septemspinosa in May and June, respectively. Considering their trophic importance, the spatio-temporal variations in the occurrence and abundance of the shrimp have implications for food web dynamics in the MCBs.
Precipitation and seasonality affect grazing impacts on herbage nutritive values in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Yao Xixi , Wu Jianping , Gong Xuyin
Published: June 2019

Aims

Grasslands used for animal husbandry are chosen depending on the nutritive values of dominant herbage species. However, the influence of grazing in combination with precipitation and growing season on the nutritive values of dominant species has not been explicated.

Methods

To unveil the influence of the different grazing intensities on the nutritional values, an ecological study was formulated, namely fencing (G0), light grazing (G1), moderate grazing (G2) and high grazing (G3). This ambitious study was undertaken on the nutritive values of the four dominant species of herbage in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) during growing season (June–September) for two successive years, namely 2015 (rainy year) and 2016 (droughty year).

Important Findings

We found that (i) the nutritive value of Kobresia capillifolia, Polygonum viviparum and Caragana sinica was noticeably increased by grazing, but negligible effect on Potentilla fruticosa nutritive value was recorded. (ii) During the rainy year (2015), compared with G0, Polygonum viviparum and Potentilla fruticosa displayed 5.4 and 1.5% increases in the crude protein (CP) content and 8.5 and 2.4% increases in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), respectively, while the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) decreased by 13.5 and 0.9%, respectively. During the droughty year (2016), compared with G0, C. sinica and Potentilla fruticosa showed increases in the CP content by 4.3 and 1.3% and increases in the IVTD by 10.7 and 0.4%, respectively, during G3, while the NDF decreased by 6.0 and 1.0%, respectively. (iii) The nutritive values of all species were higher in the years when the rains were good. However, the nutritive values suffered heavily during drought conditions. Besides, the highest and lowest values of nutrition were detected in June and in September, respectively. The inter-seasonal and the inter-annual changes in the nutritional values of species were higher for K. capillifolia and Polygonum viviparum than for Potentilla fruticosa and C. sinica, suggesting that Potentilla fruticosa and C. sinica had higher water-use efficiency. (iv) Grazing clearly reduced the drought tolerance of three species and showed no effects on Potentilla fruticosa. (v) Grazing clearly increased the inter-month variation in the nutritional value of K. capillifolia and Polygonum viviparum but showed no effects on Potentilla fruticosa or C. sinica. Evidently, the grazing effects impacting the nutritional value of the dominant species of herbage exhibited conspicuous inter-annual and seasonal variations with species-specific influences and responses. Our findings are expected to have far-reaching implications enabling the authorities to arrive at strategic decisions and designing of relevant policies for the efficient management of the ecosystems ensuring the speed restoration of the QTP under severe grazing and extreme climatic circumstances.
Trauma Resilience and Recovery Program: Addressing Mental Health in Pediatric Trauma Centers
Authors: Ridings Leigh E , Anton Margaret T , Winkelmann Jennifer , Davidson Tatiana M , Wray Lauren , Streck Christian J , Ruggiero Kenneth J
Published: June 2019

Objective

Approximately 225,000 children sustain injuries requiring hospitalization annually. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are prevalent among pediatric patients and caregivers post-injury. Most U.S. trauma centers do not address patients’ mental health needs. Better models of care are needed to address emotional recovery. This article describes the engagement and recovery trajectories of pediatric patients enrolled in the Trauma Resilience and Recovery Program (TRRP), a stepped-care model to accelerate emotional recovery following hospitalization.

Methods

TRRP is designed to (a) provide in-hospital education about post-injury emotional recovery and assess child and caregiver distress; (b) track mental health symptoms via a 30-day text-messaging program; (c) complete 30-day PTSD and depression phone screens; and (d) provide evidence-based treatment via telehealth or in-person services or referrals, if needed. All 154 families approached were offered TRRP services, 96% of whom agreed to enroll in TRRP. Most patients were boys (59.8%), and average age was 9.12 years [standard deviation (SD) = 5.42]. Most injuries (45.8%) were sustained from motor vehicle accidents.

Results

In hospital, 68.5% of caregivers and 78.3% of children reported clinically significant distress levels. Over 60% of families enrolled in the texting service. TRRP re-engaged 40.1% of families for the 30-day screen, 35.5% of whom reported clinically significant PTSD (M = 13.90, SD = 11.42) and/or depression (M = 13.35, SD = 11.16). Most (76%) patients with clinically significant symptomology agreed to treatment.

Conclusions

Our intervention model was feasible and increased reach to families who needed services. Efforts to improve follow-up engagement are discussed, as are initial successes in implementing this model in other pediatric trauma centers.
Trial Registration and Outcome Reporting in Child and Pediatric Psychology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hildenbrand Aimee K , Conour Cecily , Straus Jacob A , Moufarrej Sacha , Palermo Tonya M
Published: June 2019

Objective

To examine rate of registration for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology (JPP) and Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (JCCAP). Secondary aims were to investigate associations between trial characteristics and registration status and compare registered and published primary outcomes.

Methods

RCTs published in JPP or JCCAP between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2017 were included. Secondary analyses of previously published RCTs, meta-analytic, systematic, and narrative reviews, and articles reporting primary aims related to intervention acceptability, feasibility, and/or cost-effectiveness were excluded. Trial registration status, primary registered and published outcomes, dates of registration, participant enrollment and publication, sample size, and country where the trial was conducted were extracted from articles and trial registries.

Results

Of 61 RCTs included, 48% were registered. Among registered trials, only 14% were registered before participant enrollment began. Most were registered late (i.e., retrospectively; 86%) in ClinicalTrials.gov (90%). Registration status did not differ based on journal, study sample size, or geographic region where the study was conducted. A greater proportion of trials published in 2013–2017 were registered (61%) relative to those published in 2007–2012 (32%), p = .03. Among registered trials, 57% had discrepancies between registered and published primary outcomes.

Conclusions

Findings reveal low rates of prospective registration and considerable risk for incomplete or selective outcome reporting among RCTs published in JPP and JCCAP. Coordinated efforts from all stakeholders involved in the conduct and reporting of clinical child and pediatric psychology research are needed to improve transparent reporting of clinical trials.
Linking gas and galaxies at high redshift: MUSE surveys the environments of six damped Lyα systems at z ≈ 3
Authors: Mackenzie Ruari , Fumagalli Michele , Theuns Tom , Hatton David J , Garel Thibault , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Christensen Lise , Fynbo Johan P U , Kanekar Nissim , Møller Palle , O’Meara John , Prochaska J Xavier , Rafelski Marc , Shanks Tom , Trayford James
Published: June 2019

We present results from a survey of galaxies in the fields of six z ≥ 3 damped Lyman α (Lyα) systems (DLAs) using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We report a high detection rate of up to ${\approx } 80{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of galaxies within 1000 km s−1 from DLAs and with impact parameters between 25 and 280 kpc. In particular, we discovered five high-confidence Lyα emitters associated with three DLAs, plus up to nine additional detections across five of the six fields. The majority of the detections are at relatively large impact parameters (>50 kpc) with two detections being plausible host galaxies. Among our detections, we report four galaxies associated with the most metal-poor DLA in our sample (Z/Z⊙ = −2.33 ± 0.22), which trace an overdense structure resembling a filament. By comparing our detections with predictions from the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) cosmological simulations and a semi-analytic model designed to reproduce the observed bias of DLAs at z > 2, we conclude that our observations are consistent with a scenario in which a significant fraction of DLAs trace the neutral regions within haloes with a characteristic mass of $M_{\rm h} \approx 10^{11}-10^{12}~\rm M_\odot$, in agreement with the inference made from the large-scale clustering of DLAs. We finally show how larger surveys targeting ≈25 absorbers have the potential of constraining the characteristic masses of haloes hosting high-redshift DLAs with sufficient accuracy to discriminate between different models.
Spliceosome disassembly factors ILP1 and NTR1 promote miRNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Junli , Chen Susu , Jiang Ning , Li Ning , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Zhongpeng , Li Xu , Liu Hongtao , Li Lin , Yang Yu , Ni Ting , Yu Chaoyi , Ma Jinbiao , Zheng Binglian , Ren Guodong
Published: June 2019

The intron-lariat spliceosome (ILS) complex is highly conserved among eukaryotes, and its disassembly marks the end of a canonical splicing cycle. In this study, we show that two conserved disassembly factors of the ILS complex, Increased Level of Polyploidy1-1D (ILP1) and NTC-Related protein 1 (NTR1), positively regulate microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis by facilitating transcriptional elongation of MIRNA (MIR) genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. ILP1 and NTR1 formed a stable complex and co-regulated alternative splicing of more than a hundred genes across the Arabidopsis genome, including some primary transcripts of miRNAs (pri-miRNAs). Intriguingly, pri-miRNAs, regardless of having introns or not, were globally down-regulated when the ILP1 or NTR1 function was compromised. ILP1 and NTR1 interacted with core miRNA processing proteins Dicer-like 1 and Serrate, and were required for proper RNA polymerase II occupancy at elongated regions of MIR chromatin, without affecting either MIR promoter activity or pri-miRNA decay. Our results provide further insights into the regulatory role of spliceosomal machineries in the biogenesis of miRNAs.
Complex distribution and velocity field of molecular gas in NGC 1316 as revealed by the Morita Array of ALMA
Authors: Morokuma-Matsui Kana , Serra Paolo , Maccagni Filippo M , For Bi-Qing , Wang Jing , Bekki Kenji , Morokuma Tomoki , Egusa Fumi , Espada Daniel , Miura Rie E , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Koribalski Bärbel S , Takeuchi Tsutomu T
Published: June 2019

We present the results of 12CO(J = 1–0) mosaicing observations of the cD galaxy NGC 1316 at kiloparsec resolution performed with the Morita Array of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We reveal the detailed distribution of the molecular gas in the central region for the first time: a shell structure in the northwest, a barely resolved blob in the southeast of the center, and some clumps between them. The total molecular gas mass obtained with a standard Milky Way CO-to-H2 conversion factor is $(5.62 \pm 0.53) \times 10^{8}\, M_{\odot }$, which is consistent with previous studies. The disturbed velocity field of the molecular gas suggests that the molecular gas was injected very recently (<1 Gyr) if it has an external origin, and is in the process of settling into a rotating disk. Assuming that a low-mass gas-rich galaxy has accreted, the gas-to-dust ratio and H2-to-H i ratio are unusually low (∼28) and high (∼5.6), respectively. To explain these ratios additional processes should be taken into account, such as effective dust formation and conversion from atomic to molecular gas during the interaction. We also discuss the interaction between the nuclear jet and the molecular gas.
Detection of a new methylamine (CH3NH2) source: Candidate for future glycine surveys
Authors: Ohishi Masatoshi , Suzuki Taiki , Hirota Tomoya , Saito Masao , Kaifu Norio
Published: June 2019

Interstellar glycine (NH2CH2COOH), the simplest amino acid, has long been sought in studying a possible relation between the Universe and origin of life. In the last 40 or so years all surveys of glycine have failed; an alternative strategy would be to search for precursor(s) to glycine. Such studies of precursors would be crucial prior to conducting sensitive surveys with ALMA. Laboratory studies have suggested that CH3NH2 is a possible precursor to glycine. Further theoretical study also suggests that the CH2NH2 radical that can be formed from CH3NH2 through photodissociation can be a good precursor to glycine. Thus, we have looked for CH3NH2 towards several hot core sources using the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope, and succeeded in finding a new CH3NH2 source, G10.47+0.03, with a fractional abundance of 1.5 ± 1.1 × 10−8; at the time of writing, this source is the most abundant source of CH3NH2 ever known. We found that the observed abundance of CH3NH2 agrees fairly well with the theoretical value predicted by R. T. Garrod (2013, ApJ, 765, 60). The detectability of interstellar glycine is discussed.
Can topic models be used in research evaluations? Reproducibility, validity, and reliability when compared with semantic maps
Authors: Hecking Tobias , Leydesdorff Loet
Published: June 2019

We replicate and analyze the topic model which was commissioned to King’s College and Digital Science for the Research Evaluation Framework (REF 2014) in the United Kingdom: 6,638 case descriptions of societal impact were submitted by 154 higher-education institutes. We compare the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of document-term matrices using the same data. Since topic models are almost by definition applied to text corpora which are too large to read, validation of the results of these models is hardly possible; furthermore the models are irreproducible for a number of reasons. However, removing a small fraction of the documents from the sample—a test for reliability—has on average a larger impact in terms of decay on LDA than on PCA-based models. The semantic coherence of LDA models outperforms PCA-based models. In our opinion, results of the topic models are statistical and should not be used for grant selections and micro decision-making about research without follow-up using domain-specific semantic maps.
Neglected bodily senses in women living with vertebral fracture: a focus group study
Authors: Drew Sarah , Clark Emma , Al-Sari Usama , Moore Andrew , Gooberman-Hill Rachael
Published: June 2019

Objective

Older women are at particular risk of osteoporosis. Among women with osteoporosis, fractures of the vertebra (vertebral fracture) are common, hard to detect and associated with risk of further fracture. Identifying vertebral fracture in a timely manner allows instigation of preventive measures to reduce the risk of further fracture. Although detection of vertebral fracture requires spinal radiograph, many women do not receive referral. To begin development of a screening tool to identify women in need of referral we undertook a qualitative study to characterize women’s experiences of vertebral fracture, using Eccleston’s ‘Ten Neglected Bodily Senses’.

Methods

Four qualitative focus groups were conducted with women who had been diagnosed with vertebral fracture (n = 19, age 60–91 years). Data were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically using the ‘Ten Neglected Bodily Senses’.

Results

Women’s experiences of vertebral fractures related to seven senses: pain, movement, fatigue, balance, pressure, appetite and breathing. Pain was the dominant sense and all participants explained how pain increased with activity, reaching a crescendo, and described strategies to minimize this disruption. Most participants had become physically shorter, making some feel ‘squashed’, putting pressure on other body parts. Some described appetite loss or a sense of restricted breathing. Participants experienced a sense of being ‘pulled’ forwards, impacting on balance and exacerbating fear of falling.

Conclusion

The study found senses that have not been previously described in the experiences of women with vertebral fracture. These will be used to inform the design of a new screening tool for use in primary care.