bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Personality Matter? Noncognitive Skills and the Male Migrant Wage Gap in Germany
Authors: Laible Marie-Christine , Brenzel Hanna
Published: December 2021

Wage gaps between migrants and natives persist in Germany, and traditional human capital endowments or work environments only partially explain these gaps. This article investigates whether noncognitive skills contribute to explaining male migrant wage gaps in Germany. While the economics literature shows that noncognitive skills affect educational and occupational outcomes, such as gender wage gaps, it is unclear if the same applies to the migrant wage gap. To address this lingering question, we analyze risk preference and the “Big Five Personality Dimensions,” a psychological concept categorizing an individual's personality into five factors. In doing so, we show that male migrants and male German natives differ in their average noncognitive skills and that these skills significantly relate to wages. The results of Oaxaca–Blinder wage decompositions reveal that noncognitive skills significantly contribute six percentage points to explaining the male migrant wage gap in Germany. We conclude that noncognitive skills are important predictors of heterogeneities in labor market outcomes.
The role of annexin A1 peptide in regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to reduce lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass in rats
Authors: He Yunzi , Zhang Yuanjie , Wu Hanhua , Luo Junli , Cheng Chi , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) –induced lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a large challenge in cardiac surgery; up to date, no effective treatment has been found. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) has an anti-inflammatory effect, and it has been proven to have a protective effect on CPB-induced lung injury. However, the specific mechanism of AnxA1 in CPB-induced lung injury is not well studied. Therefore, we established a CPB-induced lung injury model to explore the relevant mechanism of AnxA1 and try to find an effective treatment for lung protection.

Methods

Male rats were randomized into five groups ( n = 6, each): sham (S group), I/R exposure (I/R group), I/R + dimethyl sulfoxide (D group), I/R + Ac2-26 (AnxA1 peptide) (A group), and I/R + LY294002 (a PI3K specific inhibitor) (AL group). Arterial blood gas analysis and calculation of the oxygenation index, and respiratory index were performed. The morphological changes in lung tissues were observed under light and electron microscopes. TNF-α and IL-6 and total protein in lung bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB (p65) as well as p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-NF-κB (p65), and AnxA1 were detected via western blotting.

Results

Compared with the I/R group, the A group showed the following: lower lung pathological damage score; decreased expression of IL-6 and total protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and TNF-α in the lung; increased lung oxygenation index; and improved lung function. These imply the protective role of Ac2-26, and show that LY294002 inhibited the ameliorative preconditioning effect of Ac2-26.

Conclusion

This finding suggested that the AnxA1 peptide Ac2-26 decreased the inflammation reaction and CPB-induced lung injury in rats, the lung protective effects of AnxA1may be correlated with the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
King Solomon and the ‘Anatomy’ of Wisdom
Authors: Kozlova Ekaterina E.
Published: December 2021

The subject of embodiment has become a popular topic in biblical scholarship in general and in studies of kingship in particular. Despite the lack of an explicit characterization of Solomon via a commentary on his body, his material is not entirely devoid of body politics. This article explores the construction of Solomon’s wisdom in 1 Kings 1–11 via bodily features associated with epistemological processes. Against the backdrop of ANE conceptualizations of wisdom, it analyses ways in which 1 Kings inflates Solomon’s powers of discernment by means of rhetorically enlarged body parts and the conflation of functions of organs of cognition. In the broader context of his reign, these elements of corporeality underscore Solomon’s misappropriated wisdom, leading to the deconstruction of his royal ideology.
Fitting limit lines (envelope curves) to spreads of geoenvironmental data
Authors: Carling Paul A , Jonathan Philip , Su Teng
Published: December 2021

Geoscientists frequently are interested in defining the overall trend in x- y data clouds using techniques such as least-squares regression. Yet often the sample data exhibits considerable spread of y-values for given x-values, which is itself of interest. In some cases, the data may exhibit a distinct visual upper (or lower) ‘limit’ to a broad spread of y-values for a given x-value, defined by a marked reduction in concentration of y-values. As a function of x-value, the locus of this ‘limit’ defines a ‘limit line’, with no (or few) points lying above (or below) it. Despite numerous examples of such situations in geoscience, there has been little consideration within the general geoenvironmental literature of methods used to define limit lines (sometimes termed ‘envelope curves’ when they enclose all data of interest). In this work, methods to fit limit lines are reviewed. Many commonly applied methods are ad-hoc and statistically not well founded, often because the data sample available is small and noisy. Other methods are considered which correspond to specific statistical models offering more objective and reproducible estimation. The strengths and weaknesses of methods are considered by application to real geoscience data sets. Wider adoption of statistical models would enhance confidence in the utility of fitted limits and promote statistical developments in limit fitting methodologies which are likely to be transformative in the interpretation of limits. Supplements, a spreadsheet and references to software are provided for ready application by geoscientists.
A Mixed-Method Approach to Understand Themes of Love in Victims’ Dismissals of Civil Protection Orders
Authors: Groggel Anne
Published: December 2021

Domestic violence protective orders are the most widely used intimate partner violence-related legal intervention in the United States, yet many victims later ask to have these orders dismissed. This article uses a mixed-methods approach to examine the conditions that help explain why victims of intimate partner violence dismiss their protection orders. Quantitative findings from 841 civil protection order cases show that victims who need protection the most are the most likely to seek dismissals. Victims who experienced recent or physical abuse were significantly more likely to dismiss their protection orders. Qualitative findings from 200 dismissal requests reveal that victims reference common themes of loving the abuser, that the abuser is a good parent, that the abuser is seeking treatment, or that they desire to save the relationship. Victims draw from broad romantic rationalizations when describing their decision to drop a protection order from the court. Building upon insights from constructs of romantic love, this study highlights how the rationalizations victims invoke in their dismissal requests are also associated with their experiences of abuse. A mixed methodological approach reveals a significant contrast between the language in victims’ petitions and their dismissal requests. Victims voiced fear and violence in their petitions for protection orders, then employed meanings of romantic love, reconciliation, and change when requesting that these temporary protection orders be dropped. This contrast reflects the cyclical nature of abuse and suggests that greater attention must be paid to ensuring court officials have a strong understanding of the complexities of victim attrition.
An Experimental Test of the Impact of Varying Questionnaire Response Format on Prevalence Rates for Sexual Violence Victimization and Perpetration
Authors: Anderson RaeAnn E. , Cuccolo Kelly
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study examined the impact of a dichotomous versus scaled response format on prevalence rates of sexual violence perpetration and victimization, thus conceptually replicating Hamby et al., 2006 and extending those findings to the context of sexual violence. Methods: Two samples were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and were randomly assigned to either a dichotomous or scaled response format of the same questionnaire. Sample 1 was used to examine perpetration and received a perpetration specific version of the Post-Refusal Sexual Persistence Scale (PRSPS). Sample 2 was used to examine victimization and received a victimization specific version of the PRSPS. Results: Men and women who received the scaled response format reported significantly more incidents of sexual perpetration, and for each type of tactic studied, on the order of 1.7-9x more frequently. The association between response format condition and prevalence rates of sexual violence victimization was significant only for men (23.0 vs 39.4%) and for the tactic of verbal coercion (30.1 vs 41.5%), with the scaled response format producing greater responding. Conclusions: The response format of sexual violence items can significantly alter prevalence rates of sexual violence perpetration, with scaled response formats producing greater endorsements than dichotomous formats. Response format also appears to impact prevalence rates of sexual violence victimization, particularly for men.
Enoxaparin Use in Hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients with Elevated D-Dimer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zalivansky Yuliana , Pereira Luis , Budovich Aliaksandr
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 is a human pathogenic coronavirus that causes a respiratory tract infection, which may lead to systemic hyper-inflammation that is associated with a hypercoagulable state. Anticoagulation as an adjunct may decrease thrombi formation. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of enoxaparin for the prevention of thrombotic events in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients with elevated D-dimer. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate three enoxaparin dosing regimens: full treatment (1 mg/kg SC Q12H or 1.5 mg/kg SC Q24H), intermediate (.5 mg/kg SC Q12H or 1 mg/kg SC Q24H), and prophylaxis (40 mg SC Q24H). The primary endpoint evaluated the percentage of patients who developed a venous thromboembolism (VTE). The secondary endpoints evaluated the development of a major bleed, mechanical ventilation need, and death. Results: Forty-five patients were included with 27, 8, and 10 participants in the full treatment, intermediate, and prophylaxis arms, respectively. Six patients developed a VTE: 3, 1, and 2 in the listed above groups, respectively ( P = .83). Twenty patients died: 11, 3, and 6, respectively ( P = .64). Four patients developed a major bleed: 1, 1, and 2, respectively ( P = .17). Six patients required intubation: 1, 2, and 3 in the arms, respectively ( P = .043). Conclusion: The study did not find a difference in respect to the development of a VTE between the three investigated doses of anticoagulation. However, our findings suggest that treatment dose of enoxaparin might be associated with lower risk for mechanical ventilation in hospitalized COVID-19-positive patients with elevated D-dimer.
Crafted ambiguity in the Wisdom of Solomon
Authors: Zurawski Jason M
Published: December 2021

The Wisdom of Solomon is a text intensely concerned with epistemological questions. What is true knowledge? Where does it come from? What’s its purpose? How does one attain it? In each of its parts, Wisdom can be seen directly and clearly tackling these types of problems. The Wisdom of Solomon is also a text deeply and frustratingly ambiguous. Is this some kind of embarrassing irony, a text so intent on delving into the nature and purpose of understanding ultimately unable to be understood? This study looks at how the ambiguity, surely present at several places throughout the book, is, in fact, rhetorically crafted and designed to guide to the reader to greater clarity and understanding. There is, then, no conflict between the stated purpose of the text, to lead the reader to wisdom and knowledge, and the means by which the author does so. The ambiguity and the epistemology of the Wisdom of Solomon are, in the end, inseparable.
Along a marvelous way: The significance of Middle Platonism for understanding Wisdom of Solomon’s soteriology
Authors: Cox Ronald R
Published: December 2021

An analysis of personified Sophia’s soteriological role illuminates the interrelationship between eschatology and ontology in the Wisdom of Solomon. Read within the philosophical milieu of early imperial Platonism, Sophia functions similarly to divine intermediaries in the writings of Alcinous, Plutarch of Chaeronea, and Numenius of Apamea in how she leads souls from the earthly to the intellectual realm. In contrast to the temporal orientations in the treatise before and after, Wisdom 6:22–10:18 depicts Sophia’s benefit to humankind as ahistorical and ontological in nature.
Ahistorical interpretation of the Torah narratives in the Wisdom of Solomon
Authors: Hogan Karina Martin
Published: December 2021

The traditional scholarly title (since the early twentieth century) for the last section of the Wisdom of Solomon, chapters 11–19 (or for some, 10–19) is the “Book of History.” This is a misleading designation because the author of the Wisdom of Solomon chose to present certain events from the exodus and wilderness traditions of ancient Israel not in the context of a continuous historical narrative, but rather as paradigmatic examples of God’s justice and mercy toward both the righteous and the ungodly. The purpose of the second half of the Wisdom of Solomon is pedagogical and apologetic rather than historical. The author’s avoidance of proper names and the consistent division of humanity in moral terms (the righteous vs the ungodly/unrighteous) rather than along ethnic lines (Israel vs Egyptians or Canaanites) should be taken seriously as an effort to universalize the lessons of Israel’s stories. The consistent message of both the antitheses and the excurses in chapters 11–19 is that God manifests both justice and mercy in disciplining human beings (both the righteous and the unrighteous) with suffering. Thus, it would be preferable to call chapters 11–19 either the “Book of Discipline” or the “Book of Divine Justice and Mercy.”
An efficient intelligent decision method for bionic motion unmanned system
Authors: Chen Haipeng , Fu Wenxing , Feng Yuze , Long Jia , Chen Kang
Published: December 2021

In this article, we propose an efficient intelligent decision method for a bionic motion unmanned system to simulate the formation change during the hunting process of the wolves. Path planning is a burning research focus for the unmanned system to realize the formation change, and some traditional techniques are designed to solve it. The intelligent decision based on evolutionary algorithms is one of the famous path planning approaches. However, time consumption remains to be a problem in the intelligent decisions of the unmanned system. To solve the time-consuming problem, we simplify the multi-objective optimization as the single-objective optimization, which was regarded as a multiple traveling salesman problem in the traditional methods. Besides, we present the improved genetic algorithm instead of evolutionary algorithms to solve the intelligent decision problem. As the unmanned system’s intelligent decision is solved, the bionic motion control, especially collision avoidance when the system moves, should be guaranteed. Accordingly, we project a novel unmanned system bionic motion control of complex nonlinear dynamics. The control method can effectively avoid collision in the process of system motion. Simulation results show that the proposed simplification, improved genetic algorithm, and bionic motion control method are stable and effective.
Capital Regulation and Market Competition in the MENA Region: Policy Implications for Banking Sector Stability During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mateev Miroslav , Moudud-Ul-Huq Syed , Nasr Tarek
Published: December 2021

This article investigates the impact of capital requirements and market competition on the stability of financial institutions in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. We test the hypothesis that capital requirements significantly affect the risk behaviour of both Islamic and conventional banks in the MENA region. We also investigate the moderating effect of market power and concentration on the relationship between capital regulation and bank risk. We find that capital ratio has a strong positive impact on conventional banks’ credit risk, whereas this effect is insignificant in the sample of Islamic banks. Our analysis indicates that, for the conventional banking sector, the increase in the capitalization level is negatively linked to bank credit risk only when banks’ level of market power is high. Regarding the Islamic banks’ behaviour, we find that the relationship between capital and credit risk is weakly moderated by banking competition. This means that Islamic banks are less sensitive to the market’s competitive conditions in the MENA countries, as they still apply their theoretical models, based on prohibition of interest. Our findings inform regulatory authorities concerned with improving the banking sector’s financial stability in the MENA region to strengthen their policies and force banks to better align with regulatory capital requirements during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Predictive Value of Combination of D-dimer and Fibrinogen in Diagnosing Acute CVST
Authors: Pathak Abhishek , Singh Varun Kumar , Kumar Anand , Mishra Vijaya Nath , Joshi Deepika , Chaurasia Rameshwar Nath
Published: December 2021

Background:

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon subtype of stroke, and the role of D-dimer and fibrinogen in early diagnosis of CVST has been studied with varying results. The present study aims to study the role of the combination of D-dimer and fibrinogen in early diagnosis of acute CVST.

Methods:

Forty consecutive confirmed acute CVST cases admitted at a tertiary care center were recruited for the study. D-dimer and fibrinogen were assessed by a rapid semiquantitative latex agglutination assay.

Results:

Out of the 40 CVST patients, 21 (52.50%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 37.58 years ± 19.17 years. Common clinical features were headache ( N = 38 [95%]), papilloedema ( N = 15 [37.5%]), and seizures ( N = 12 [30%]). Although the sensitivity (75%) of the combination of D-dimer and fibrinogen assay was lower than that of D-dimer or fibrinogen alone, the specificity and positive predictive value (75% each) was higher.

Conclusion:

The combination of D-dimer and fibrinogen testing may aid in an early diagnosis of acute CVST and in better management.
Empirical Literature on Economic Growth, 1991–2020: Uncovering Extant Gaps and Avenues for Future Research
Authors: Doré Natalia I. , Teixeira Aurora A. C.
Published: December 2021

The factors required to achieve sustainable economic growth in a country are debated for decades, and empirical research in this regard continues to grow. Given the relevance of the topic and the absence of a comprehensive, systematic literature review, we used bibliometric techniques to examine and document several aspects in the empirical literature related to growth, from 1991 to 2020. Five main results are worth highlighting: (a) the share of empirical articles on economic growth show a clear upward trend; (b) among all the groups of countries considered, the emerging economies (EEs) have received the most scientific attention; (c) the economic growth processes of the Latin American and Caribbean EEs have observed negligible scientific attention; (d) the very long-run studies comprise a residual share among the empirical literature on growth; (e) the extant empirical studies on economic growth have addressed mainly the impact of “macroeconomic conditions.” Our findings suggest there is a need to redirect the empirical growth agenda, so as to encourage more scientific attention devoted to the analysis of key determinants of economic growth in the very long run. There should also be increased scrutiny of the processes of economic growth in Latin American and Caribbean EEs
Battling With Books: The Gamification of an EFL Extensive Reading Class
Authors: Freiermuth Mark R. , Ito Michiyo
Published: December 2021

Background

Extensive reading (ER) classes have become a popular way to promote reading in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classrooms because ER supports the idea of reading for pleasure. However, reading in the classroom can still become stale if students have little chance to reflect on what they have read or if they become burdened by the reading requirements.

Aim

In an attempt to create a more energetic ER classroom, we converted the classroom into a game-based environment with the aim of promoting L2 reading enjoyment and motivating students to read in a more focused manner .

Method

As for specifics, 55 female Japanese university students—divided into two groups based upon English proficiency—participated in a social book reading game called Bibliobattle whereby students discussed their favorite books in small groups. Three iterations of the game were incorporated into the ER classroom as a way to enliven reading activities.

Results

The game proved largely successful. From the data obtained in the debriefing questionnaires, students mentioned that they were motivated by the activities through reflection on their book’s content and through the sharing of specific details about what they had read with their peers. Although both groups of students indicated their motivation to play the game, this was especially true for the lower level readers—a group that had demonstrated more apathy towards ER in the past. Based upon our experiences while running the game, we recommend that Bibliobattles be implemented as specialized events in the ER classroom as a means to help stimulate a love for reading in a second language; however, it should also be noted that student preparation for such battles is time-consuming, so the number of battles per semester should be limited to a maximum of two per semester.
Difficulties in Addressing Artificial Hydration and Nutrition Therapy for Terminal Cancer Patients: What to do if Patients/Families’ Wishes Differ From the Medically Appropriate Treatment Plans?
Authors: Nakajima Nobuhisa
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Artificial hydration and nutrition therapy (AHNT) initiated by patients/families sometimes differs from medically appropriate treatment plans. We aimed to identify the causes of these differences and examine the ensuing responses and outcomes. Methods: Of 133 adult cancer patients receiving end-of-life care in the last 2 years, these discrepancies occurred in 41 patients. We retrospectively examined the following issues: (1) The reason why these discrepancies occurred. (2) Based on the causes identified in (1), the following actions were taken: 1) If the consent to change to medically appropriate AHNT was obtained, physical findings using Japan Palliative Oncology Study (JPOS) group and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) were compared before and 1 week after the intervention. 2) If consent was not obtained, time-limited trial (TLT) was conducted, and these results were compared. (3) The communication between patients/families and medical professionals was compared using Support Team Assessment Schedule. Results. (1) Causes: a) the lack of understanding of the disease condition in 26 cases and b) faulty expectation of AHNT in 15 cases. (2) In 30 cases of 1) (20 of a) and 10 of b)) and 11 of 2) in which TLT was performed, JPOS and ESAS improved significantly. (3) The communication above was improved significantly in 1) and 2) ( P = .0027 and .0039, respectively). Conclusion. Providing medically appropriate AHNT with the consent of patients/families is expected to not only alleviate distressing symptoms but also improve the communication between patients/families and medical professionals, as well as improve the quality of palliative care.
Rejecting Ethnic Pandering in Urban Africa: A Survey Experiment on Voter Preferences in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Kim Hye-Sung , Horowitz Jeremy
Published: December 2021

Ethnic pandering, in which candidates promise to cater to the interests of coethnic voters, is presumed to be an effective strategy for increasing electoral support in Africa’s emerging multiethnic democracies. However, ethnic political mobilization may be disdained by citizens for its divisive and polarizing effects, particularly in urban areas. As a result, pandering may fall on deaf ears among Africa’s urban voters. This study examines how voters in Kenya’s capital city, Nairobi, respond to ethnic pandering using data from a vignette experiment conducted in 2015 and a replication study implemented in 2016. Results show that respondents are more supportive of candidates who make ethnically inclusive rather than targeted appeals, regardless of whether the candidate is identified as a coethnic. We propose that the results are driven by a broad distaste among urban voters for parochial politics, rather than by strategic calculations related to candidate viability.
Vaccination Acceptance Across Cultures: The Roles of Collectivism, Empathy, and Homophily
Authors: Leonhardt James M. , Pezzuti Todd
Published: December 2021

How does culture influence vaccination acceptance? This is an important question facing managers, policy makers, and global health organizations. Even with effective vaccines for highly contagious diseases, humankind remains at risk from vaccine hesitancy. The authors conduct a large-scale multilevel analysis of more than 400,000 survey respondents and find that COVID-19 vaccination intentions are higher among people from countries that are higher in cultural collectivism (Study 1). Follow-up studies indicate that vaccination acceptance is higher among people who endorse collectivistic values because they feel more empathy for those afflicted by the disease (Studies 2a, 2b, 3), especially when victims of the disease have characteristics (e.g., political affiliation, lifestyle, personality) similar to themselves (Study 3). To encourage vaccination acceptance, the authors suggest promoting collectivistic values and empathic concern, as well as homophily through the portrayal of victims with characteristics like those hesitant to accept vaccination.
Career Goal Discrepancy, Career Distress, and Goal Adjustment: Testing a Dual Moderated Process Model in Young Adults
Authors: Praskova Anna , McPeake Lisa
Published: December 2021

Identifying a large discrepancy in young people’s career goal progress can lead to distress, activating meaning-making, self-regulatory mechanisms aimed at resolving the uncomfortable situation. We assessed these important career-regulatory processes in a theoretical model by testing the indirect effects of career goal discrepancy on goal adjustment (assimilation and accommodation) via career distress, and assessed the conditionality of these effects based on two moderators (career calling and negative career feedback). In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 287 young adults with a mean age of 23.79 years ( SD = 3.35), and tested complex dual moderated process model (OLS regression). Greater career goal discrepancy was associated with more career distress, and, in turn, less assimilative and more accommodative tendencies. These indirect effects depended on the level of career calling and negative career feedback. The findings can be used to tailor interventions to optimise the consequences of identified gaps in young people’s career progress.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the wear mechanism in spring coil forming die and the effects of die geometry on wear
Authors: Zhang Shuli , Wang Decheng , Cheng Peng , Shao Chenxi
Published: December 2021

The present work aimed at understanding the wear mechanism of spring coil forming die and the effects of die geometry on wear. The wear morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. The main wear mechanism was found to be adhesive wear, and a variant of the Archard wear model was established. The wear distribution in spring coil forming die was numerically analyzed in DEFORM software, and the effects of die geometry parameters on wear were discussed. Numerical results revealed that the wear distribution in the die was uneven and the wear mainly occurred at the sides of the die cavity. The wear depth was greatly affected by the width and angle of the die cavity, whereas the length of the die cavity had little effect. A small cavity width or angle led to severe wear, while a large cavity width reduced the forming quality of the spring coil. Moreover, a simple and effective life prediction method was proposed based on wear results. The findings of this research will be helpful for the effective design of spring coil forming die and the prediction of wear.
From domestication to imperial patronage: Deconstructing the biomedicalisation of occupational therapy
Authors: Turcotte Pier-Luc , Holmes Dave
Published: December 2021

Occupational therapy knowledge emerged in the 19th century as reformist movements responded to the industrialisation of society and capitalist expansion. In the Global North, it was institutionalised by State apparatuses during the First and Second World Wars. Although biomedicine contributed to the rapid expansion and establishment of occupational therapy as a health discipline, its domestication by the biomedical model led to an overly regulated profession that betrays its reformist ideals. Drawing on the work of Deleuze and Guattari, our aim in this article is to deconstruct the biomedicalisation of occupational therapy and demonstrate how resistance to this process is critical for the future of this discipline. The use of arts and crafts in occupational therapy may be conceptualised as a ‘nomad science’ aesthetically resisting the domination of industrialism and medical reductionism. Through the war efforts, a coalition of progressive nurses, social workers, teachers, artisans and activists metamorphosed into occupational therapists. As it did with nursing, biomedicine proceeded to domesticate occupational therapy through a form of ‘imperial’ patronage subsequently embodied in the evidence-based movement. ‘Occupational’ jargon is widely used today and may be viewed as the product of a profession trying to establish itself as an autonomous discipline that imposes its own regime of truth. Given the symbolic violence underlying this patronage, the future of occupational therapy should not mean behaving according to biomedicine’s terms. As a discipline, occupational therapy must resist the appropriation of its ‘war machine’ and craft its own terms through the release of new creative energy.
Corona hotels in Israel: Care and abandonment under the auspices of digital medicine
Authors: Bar-Lev Shirly
Published: December 2021

Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Israel established a number of ‘corona hotels’ – hybrid spaces that were neither fully treatment-oriented nor fully incarcerational, in which people known or suspected to be infected with the coronavirus were confined, sometimes for prolonged and indefinite periods. This paper describes the experience of 25 people who were confined in corona recovery and isolation hotels between March and July 2020. The corona hotels exemplify how remote medical technology and digital medicine together enable a new ‘technogeography of care’, where care and abandonment are inextricably linked. The paper adds to the growing number of critical studies on digital health by showing how the employed technologies impact the concepts of human embodiment, subjectivity and social relations, as well as how the occupants negotiated the meaning of these technologies and resisted their effects.
Elucidating the Fragmentation Mechanism of Protonated Lewis A Trisaccharide using MSn CID
Authors: Iwan Volker , Grotemeyer Jürgen
Published: December 2021

Lewis blood group antigens are a prominent example of isomeric oligosaccharides with biological activity. Understanding the fragmentation mechanism in the gas phase is essential for their identification and assignment by mass spectrometric methods such as ESI-MS. In this work, the [M + H]+ species of Lewis A trisaccharide and Lewis A trisaccharide methyl glycoside were studied by ESI-MS with FT-ICR as mass analyzer with respect to their fragmentation mechanism. The comparison between the underivatized and the methylated species has shown that the reducing end plays a key role in this mechanism. The results of this study question the existence of Z-type fragment ions after activation of the protonated species. The main product of the fragmentation are Y-type fragment ions and a combination of Y-type fragmentation and the loss of water at the reducing end instead of Z-type fragmentation. C-type fragment ions could not be detected. MS3 measurements also reveal that each fragment ion only occurs with the participation of a mobile proton and the possibility of glycosidic bond cleavage after fragmentation has already occurred at the reducing end as B2 fragment ion.
Automatic quality detection system for structural objects using dynamic output method: Case study Vilnius bridges
Authors: Bucinskas Vytautas , Dzedzickis Andrius , Sesok Nikolaj , Iljin Igor , Sutinys Ernestas , Sumanas Marius , Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene Inga
Published: December 2021

Paper provides an attempt to create a methodology for automated structure health monitoring procedures using vibration spectrum analysis. There is an option to use autoregressive (AR) spectral analysis to extract information from frequency spectra when conventional Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis cannot give relevant information. An autoregressive spectrum analysis is widely used in optics and medicine; however, it can be applied for different purposes, such as spectra analysis in electronics or mechanical vibration. This paper presents an automated structural health monitoring approach based on the algorithm-driven definition of the first resonant frequency value from a noisy signal, acquired from traffic-created bridge vibrations. We implemented the AR procedure and developed a peak detection algorithm for experimental data processing. The functionality of the proposed methodology was evaluated by performing research on six bridges in Vilnius (Lithuania). We compared three methods of data processing: FFT, filtered FFT and AR. Bridges vibrations under different excitation conditions (wind, impulse and traffic) in normal direction were measured using accelerometers. AR provided one peak representing the lowest resonant frequency in all cases, while FFT and filtered FFT provided up to 12 peaks with similar frequency values. Such results allow implementing our method for remote automated structures health monitoring and ensure structures safety using a convenient and straightforward diagnostic method.
Effect of erosive parameters on solid particle erosion of cotton fiber–based nonwoven mat/wooden dust reinforced hybrid polymer composites
Authors: Tejyan Sachin
Published: December 2021

Abrasive particle-induced erosive wear of polymeric engineering components is a major industrial issue. The research of solid particle erosion characteristics of polymeric composites becomes essential due to operational needs in dusty conditions. Nonwovens are now employed in industrial applications for polymeric composites. Nonwoven products are made from a wide range of raw materials, ranging from synthetic to natural fibers. This work finding the effect of nonwoven cotton fiber (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) loading on the physical, mechanical, and erosion wear of fixed wooden dust (4 wt.%) filled hybrid epoxy composites. Experimental results reveal improved impact strength, hardness, and compressive and tensile strength with an increment of fiber loading from 5–15 wt.%. The density of the composites was found to increase, whereas void content decreases with an increase in cotton fiber. The erosion wear of the composites has been studied using an L27 orthogonal array to assess the effects of various parameters such as fiber loading, erodent size, impact velocity, impingement angle, and stand-off distance. The erosion wear increased with impact velocity and remained highest for 60° of impingement angle. The most significant parameter affecting the erosion wear was determined as impact velocity followed by impingement angle. Surface morphologies of eroded samples reveal the fiber pull-out, and fiber breakage was the prominent phenomenon for the erosion wear of the evaluated composites.
Cleaning Streams in Cook County, IL: Forest Preserves, Water Pollution, and Interwar Environmentalism in the Chicago Region
Authors: Vena Natalie B.
Published: December 2021

In 1916, the Forest Preserve District of Cook County began acquiring land to create a natural retreat for Chicagoans in that booming metropolitan region. Since district officials acquired many properties along county streams, water pollution soon interfered with their mission of creating an urban wilderness for recreational pleasure. To address the problem, in 1931, county leaders appointed the Clean Streams Advisory Committee that collaborated with forest preserve staff members to pressure polluters to clean-up their operations and to persuade enforcement agencies to prosecute ongoing offenders. They also lobbied the Public Works Administration to earmark New Deal funding for sewage treatment in Cook County. Their efforts suggest that early activism against water pollution in American cities emerged not only from efforts to ensure clean drinking water, but also struggles to protect nature. The interwar campaign to clean forest preserve streams anticipated the goals of the federal Clean Water Act (1972) to make all American waterways fishable and swimmable. The movement also preceded the burst of anti-pollution activism that historians have documented in U.S. suburbs after WWII and laid the groundwork for postwar efforts to mitigate water pollution in Cook County.
Step Number and Aerobic Minute Exercise Prescription and Progression in Stroke: A Roadmap
Authors: Peters Sue , Klassen Tara D. , Schneeberg Amy , Dukelow Sean P. , Bayley Mark T. , Hill Michael D. , Pooyania Sepideh , Yao Jennifer , Eng Janice J.
Published: December 2021

Background

While higher therapeutic intensity improves motor recovery after stroke, translating findings from successful studies is challenging without clear exercise intensity targets. We show in the DOSE trial 1 more than double the steps and aerobic minutes within a session can be achieved compared with usual care and translates to improved long-term walking outcomes.

Objective

We modeled data from this successful higher intensity multi-site RCT to develop targets for prescribing and progressing exercise for varying levels of walking impairment after stroke.

Methods

In twenty-five individuals in inpatient rehabilitation, twenty sessions were monitored for a total of 500 one-hour physical therapy sessions. For the 500 sessions, step number and aerobic minute progression were modeled using linear mixed effects regression. Using formulas from the linear mixed effects regression, targets were calculated.

Results

The model for step number included session number and baseline walking speed, and for aerobic minutes, session number and age. For steps, there was an increase of 73 steps per session. With baseline walking speed, for every 0.1 m/s increase, a corresponding increase of 302 steps was predicted. For aerobic minutes, there was an increase of .56 minutes of aerobic activity (ie, 34 seconds) per session. For every year increase in age, a decrease of .39 minutes (ie, 23 seconds) was predicted.

Conclusions

Using data associated with better walking outcomes, we provide step number and aerobic minute targets that future studies can cross-validate. As walking speed and age are collected at admission, these models allow for uptake of routine measurement of therapeutic intensity. Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov ; NCT01915368.
Women in Power? Examining Gender and Promotion in Policing Through an Organizational Perspective
Authors: Alexander Kellie D. , Nowacki Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2021

Women bring important strengths to the field of policing, such as communication skills, the ability to lead teams, as well as the ability to coach and nurture subordinates. Despite these contributions, the rate of women entering policing has stagnated in recent years, and the percentage of women in supervisory, command, and leadership positions remains low. To explain this, we use an organizational structure perspective to explore how characteristics of police agencies (e.g., department size, officer demographics, and formalization) may influence the promotion of women to leadership positions. We make suggestions regarding hiring and retention and provide recommendations for further research.
Contrasting approaches for addressing non-adherence in randomized controlled trials: An illustration from the REFLUX trial
Authors: Keele Luke , Grieve Richard
Published: December 2021

Background:

In many randomized controlled trials, a substantial proportion of patients do not comply with the treatment protocol to which they have been randomly assigned. Randomized controlled trials are required to report results according to the intention-to-treat estimand, but recent methodological guidance recognizes the importance of estimating other causal quantities.

Methods:

This article outlines an analytical framework for randomized controlled trials with non-compliance. We apply the ICH E9 (R1) addendum and combine it with the potential outcomes framework to define key estimands, outline the major assumptions for identification of each estimand, and highlight the assumptions that cannot be verified from the randomized controlled trial data. We contrast the assumptions and estimates in a re-analysis of the REFLUX trial. We report alternative estimates for the effectiveness of receipt of laparoscopic surgery versus medical management for patients with gastro-intestinal reflux disease.

Results:

The article finds that adjusted as-treated and per-protocol estimates were similar in magnitude to those based intention-to-treat methods. Instrumental variable estimates of the complier average causal effect were larger, with wider confidence intervals.

Conclusion:

We recommend that in randomized controlled trials with non-compliance, studies should outline which estimand is most relevant to the study context, evaluate key assumptions, and present estimates from a range of methods as a sensitivity analysis.
Effects of complex strength training with elastic band program on repeated change of direction in young female handball players: Randomized control trial
Authors: Hammami Mehrez , Gaamouri Nawel , Cherni Yosser , Gaied Sabri , Chelly Mohamed Souhaiel , Hill Lee , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Knechtle Beat
Published: December 2021

This study examined the effect of 10-week complex strength training with elastic band program on fitness components in young female handball players. Thirty-eight handball players aged 15.8 ± 0.2 years were randomly assigned to an experimental group or control group. The experimental group performed complex strength training with elastic band twice a week over 10 weeks, which included 8 workshops of progressing set length (number of sets) and band resistance for each specific exercise. Sessions were lasted approximately 35 min. The control group maintained regular in-season training. Tests included handgrip; back extensor; medicine ball throw; 30 m sprint times; Modified Illinois change-of-direction (Illinois-MT); four jump tests (squat jump, countermovement jump, countermovement jump with arms and five jump test; static (stork test) and dynamic (Y balance test) balance; and repeated sprint T-test. The experimental group enhanced all strength performance (handgrip right ( p < 0.001), handgrip left ( p < 0.001), back extensor strength ( p < 0.001) and medicine ball throw ( p < 0.001) compared to the controls); sprint performance (5 m ( p<0.001), 10 m ( p < 0.001), 20 m ( p < 0.001), and 30 m ( p < 0.001)); the change of direction (Illinois-MT ( p < 0.001)); jump performance (squat jump ( p < 0.001), countermovement jump ( p < 0.001), countermovement jump with arms ( p < 0.001), and five jump test ( p < 0.01)); and the repeated sprint T-test scores ( p<0.001in all scores). In contrast, no significant difference in both static and dynamic balance performance between experimental group and control group. Ten weeks of complex strength training with elastic band improve fitness components measures in young female handball players then habitual training.
Finding common ground: The global Anthropocene Curriculum experiment
Authors: Rosol Christoph
Published: December 2021

The daunting crisis of the Anthropocene cannot be adequately addressed without re-envisioning our conceptual approach to knowledge formation. This background essay to the double special issue on the Mississippi River provides an account on the Anthropocene Curriculum (AC) initiative, the general framework in which the Mississippi. An Anthropocene River project was devised and implemented. The AC is an ambitious, long-term attempt to model and test experimental forms of post-disciplinary collaboration in order to come up with sensible and experiential strategies of co-learning and co-producing critical knowledge in a rapidly changing planetary situation. The AC essentially explores the novel epistemic, aesthetic, and educational challenges presented by the transition into the new geo-human epoch, foregrounding collective, constructive and transformative practices of research, and education across the sciences, arts, and humanities that help to interlink and integrate the existing pluralities of earth-bound knowledge forms. Developed by the Haus der Kulturen der Welt and the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science since 2013, the undertaking has grown today into a global network of partner projects, one of which was the two-year project on the Mississippi River Basin. The AC experiment is thus directly tied to the research and teaching contexts of other geographic, cultural, and institutional settings that together map the larger terrain of altered human-Earth relations.