bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Vacuum Steaming Processes on Physical and Dyeability Properties of Polyamide 6 Yarns
Authors: Şardağ Sibel , Kanık Mehmet , Özdemir Özcan
Published: March 2010

In this study, the effect of vacuum steaming temperature and time on the physical properties of polyamide (PA) 6 yarns has been investigated. Also, the effect of vacuum steaming temperature and time on twist liveliness and package hardness of PA 6 yarns has been studied and the results obtained have been evaluated using statistical methods. Further, the effect of vacuum steaming on dyeability properties of PA 6 yarns has been examined and the effect of vacuum steaming temperature and time on dye absorption properties of PA 6 yarns has been analyzed. As a result of this study, it has been seen that vacuum steaming temperature and time have significant effects on the tenacity properties, twist liveliness, package hardness, and dyeability properties of PA 6 yarns.
Immortal Glory and the Problem of Death in Romans 3.23
Authors: Blackwell Ben C.
Published: March 2010

Paul enigmatically describes humanity’s universal sinfulness in Rom. 3.23 as a lack of ‘the glory of God’. Interpreters have tried to situate the lack of this glory in various contexts: ancient honour discourse, ancient Jewish Adam traditions, and Paul’s ethical discourse. To interpret this passage, this article utilizes the literary context of glory language throughout the letter. From this we find that glory denotes not only elevated honour, but also incorruption. Thus, the lack of glory in 3.23 refers to mortality and shame as the result of sin. In addition, this study of glory has implications for the burgeoning interest into the question of theosis with regard to Pauline theology.
Review Article: Seeking the Identity of Jesus
Authors: Riches John K.
Published: March 2010

Seeking the Identity of Jesus seeks to look at Jesus through ecclesial and theological lenses and to be responsive to the very different presentations of Jesus’ identity in the canonical Gospels. This raises questions about how far some of the aspects of Jesus to be found in the Gospels can be accommodated within an ecclesial view and how selective scholars in this volume are in the aspects of Jesus on which they focus. Jesus’ activity as an exorcist, noted in some at least of the essays, is not easily accommodated within many ecclesial perspectives. The considerable attention given to Jesus’ thoroughgoing Jewishness in recent scholarship stands in sharp contrast to much traditional church teaching about Jesus. It is also notable that this book is very much a European/North American pilgrimage, which may be reflected in the paucity of attention given to Jesus’ concern for the poor.
Review Article: Seeking the Identity of Jesus
Authors: Bauckham Richard
Published: March 2010

Seeking the Identity of Jesus offers a fresh and illuminating series of contributions, united by a shared resistance to the reduction of Jesus’ identity in current reconstructions of ‘the historical Jesus’. However, questions can be asked about its approaches to history and memory, while any sustained reflection on the meaning of ‘identity’ is surprisingly absent. The volume also fails to address the need for Christian faith somehow to transcend the diversity of presentations of Jesus in the canon and to form a unified understanding of the identity of Jesus.
Seeking the Identity of Jesus: A Rejoinder
Authors: Gaventa Beverly Roberts , Hays Richard B.
Published: March 2010

Bauckham’s response, while focusing on the historical dimensions of Jesus, is right to raise the question of the meaning of ‘identity’. It perhaps invests too much confidence, however, in memory and recollection. Riches’ thoughtful unpacking of some of the tensions in the volume nevertheless downplays the apocalyptic and the narrative contours of Paul’s thought. While Riches’ call for a wider global view might offer fresh perspectives on the situation of poverty in Jesus’ own context, it would hardly enable us to relativize the demonic realm. Seeking the Identity of Jesus calls for an epistemological approach that recognizes not only ‘the historical nature of theological truth’ (Riches) but also the theological nature of historical truth.
The Emergent Church, Socio-Economics and Christian Mission
Authors: Hawtrey Kim , Lunn John
Published: March 2010

The social thought and outreach philosophy of the Emergent Church offers a revolutionary take on global Christian mission. In particular, according to this new paradigm, the mission of the church requires nothing short of a radical revision of today’s economic system. A review of writings by leading emergent thinkers such as McLaren and Chalke, however, raises questions about the extreme economics being proposed. There are also deep concerns from an evangelical theological perspective.
Creating International Community Service Learning Experiences in a Capstone Marketing-Projects Course
Authors: Metcalf Lynn E.
Published: March 2010

This article outlines the development of a project-based capstone marketing course, specifically designed to provide marketing students with an international community service learning experience. It differs significantly from previous studies, which focus on integrating service learning into existing marketing courses and on helping local nonprofit organizations. The focus of the course outlined in this article is on strengthening marketing-related competencies acquired through earlier coursework; developing broader work-related competencies, such as cross-functional thinking, teamwork, communication, and cultural sensitivity; and operating a collegiate chapter of a nonprofit engaged in international community service. The course described is well aligned with other significant trends in undergraduate business education: it is multidisciplinary, it emphasizes collaborative learning, it is founded on carefully articulated learning outcomes, and learning success is assessed. It provides a transformational experience and prepares students for a global and diverse workplace. A framework for course design is presented, and a set of pedagogical materials is provided that other marketing educators can use to develop and launch a significant international, multidisciplinary community service learning course.
Surgical Repair of Meniscal Tears with Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients 18 Years and Younger
Authors: Krych Aaron J. , Pitts Ryan T. , Dajani Khaled A. , Stuart Michael J. , Levy Bruce A. , Dahm Diane L.
Published: March 2010

Background

There are sparse data available regarding outcome of meniscal repair performed at the time of ACL reconstruction in the pediatric and adolescent population.

Purpose

To review the results of meniscal repair performed at the time of ACL reconstruction in pediatric and adolescent patients.

Study Design

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods

The records of all patients age 18 years or younger who underwent meniscal repair at the time of ACL reconstruction between 1990 and 2005 were reviewed. Ninety-nine patients (56 female, 43 male) with an average age of 16 years (range, 13-18) were included. Average injury to surgery interval was 107 days (range, 2-1109). Clinical outcomes were assessed at a mean of 8 years postoperatively (range, 2-19). A multivariate model was used to compare this cohort with a previously published cohort of patients with isolated meniscal tears.

Results

The clinical success rate of meniscal repair was 84% for simple tears, 59% for displaced bucket-handle tears, and 57% for complex tears (74% overall). Twenty-six menisci (26% overall) failed repair and 25 patients underwent repeat arthroscopic surgery (19 partial meniscectomies, 6 re-repairs). The average Tegner and International Knee Documentation Committee scores were 6.2 (range, 2-10) and 90.3 (range, 52-100), respectively. Risk factors for failure included complex and bucket-handle tear (P = .01), medial meniscal tears (P = .03), and skeletal immaturity (P = .01). Compared with isolated meniscal repairs in a similar pediatric and adolescent population, complex tears repaired in combination with ACL reconstruction did significantly better (57% vs 13%; P = .004).

Conclusion

Clinically successful repair of meniscal tears treated at the time of ACL reconstruction in patients 18 years or younger depends on tear type, with complex and bucket-handle tears being negative prognostic factors. Complex tears have a higher rate of clinical success when repaired at the time of ACL reconstruction versus when repaired in isolation.
Schizencephaly: Pre- and Postnatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Fernández-Mayoralas Daniel Martín , Fernández-Jaén Alberto , Jiménez-De-La-Peña Mar , Recio-Rodríguez Manuel , Muñoz-Jareño Nuria , Arroyo-González Rafael
Published: March 2010

Schizencephaly is a rare disorder of neuronal migration that is characterized by the presence of clefts that extend from the ependymal surface of the lateral ventricles to the pial lining of the cortex. The authors present the case of a female patient with a prenatal diagnosis made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), her clinical course, and neurorradiological evolution following birth. A 6-year-old female, with right open lip schizencephaly, was diagnosed by means of prenatal cerebral magnetic resonance at the gestational age of 25 weeks. The patient does not present intellectual disability, reaching developmental mile-stones at normal time points. The MRI of the brain reveals right, perisylvian, closed lip schizencephaly. Prenatal MRI is remarkably useful in the diagnosis and prognostic approach to the condition. It is less useful in classifying the unilateral forms (open vs closed lips), and hence, its prognostic validity is more limited.
Developmental and Functional Abilities in Children With Cerebral Palsy as Related to Pattern and Level of Motor Function
Authors: Majnemer Annette , Shevell Michael , Hall Nicholas , Poulin Chantal , Law Mary
Published: March 2010

Abilities among school-aged children with cerebral palsy with different patterns and levels of motor function were evaluated. Children within spasticity patterns (33 with quadriplegia, 25 with hemiplegia, 19 with diplegia) and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels were compared (level I, walking = 47%; level II-III, restricted ambulation = 18%; level IV-V, wheelchair needs = 34%,). Outcomes included measures of intelligence, behavior, motor, and functional limitations (communication, daily living, socialization). Motor performance and prosocial behaviors were lower for children with quadriplegia (F = 16.13, 12.71; P < .0001), with no differences for behavioral difficulties between spasticity groups. Prosocial behaviors were different between level IV-V and other groups (F = 16.25, P < .0001). Functional limitations were more likely for children with quadriplegia (P < .0001), but not diplegia or hemiplegia, and for children in level IV-V, but similar for level I and level II-III. Children with quadriplegia, or level IV-V, are more likely to exhibit limitations, whereas children with better motor function (I-III), hemiplegia, or diplegia, exhibit diverse capabilities. A holistic assessment approach is essential to ensure that limitations are addressed comprehensively.
Elementary School Girls and Heteronormativity
Authors: Myers Kristen , Raymond Laura
Published: March 2010

This article examines preadolescent girls in a group setting as they coconstructed heteronormativity. The authors contend that heteronormativity is not the product of a coming-of-age transformation but instead an everyday part of life, even for very young social actors. It emerges from the gender divide between boys and girls but is also reproduced by and for girls themselves. In the Girl Project, the authors sought to understand younger girls’ interests, skills, and concerns. They conducted nine focus groups with 43 elementary school girls, most of whom were age nine or younger. They observed these girls as they defined “girls’ interests” as boy centered and as they performed heteronormativity for other girls. This article contributes to filling the gap in research on gender and sexuality from children’s own points of view.
Ways to Come, Ways to Leave
Authors: De Regt Marina
Published: March 2010

Based on anthropological fieldwork in Yemen, this article examines the relationship between gender, mobility, and il/legality in the lives of Ethiopian domestic workers. Studies about migrant domestic workers in the Middle East often focus on abuse and exploitation, making a plea for the regulation of women’s legal status. Yet legal migration does not automatically mean that women gain more rights and become more mobile; regulation may also entail more control. The relationship between method of entry and legal status is not fixed, and the boundaries between legality and illegality are often blurred, with women moving in and out of il/legality and legal organizations following illegal practices, and vice versa. Gendered state policies and practices also affect women’s space for maneuvering, and attempts at regulation may further restrict rather than increase their mobility.
Making Gender Fit and “Correcting” Gender Misfits
Authors: Kmec Julie A. , McDonald Steve , Trimble Lindsey B.
Published: March 2010

This article highlights the extent to which finding a job without actively searching (“nonsearching”) sustains workplace sex segregation. We suspect that unsolicited information from job informants that prompts fortuitous job changes is susceptible to bias about gender “fit” and segregates workers. Results from analyses of 1,119 respondents to the 1996 and 1998 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are generally consistent with this expectation. Gender “misfits”—individuals employed in gender-atypical work groups— are more likely to move into gender-typical work groups than neutral ones. Women misfits are more likely to move into male-dominated than neutral work groups without a job search, but they join mostly desegregated occupations and receive lower job rewards than men misfits who change jobs without searching. We conclude that the nonsearch process serves as an important mechanism that sustains sex segregation and workplace inequality.
Is political talk getting smarter? An analysis of presidential debates and the Flynn effect
Authors: Gorton William , Diels Janie
Published: March 2010

James R. Flynn has shown that I.Q.s of persons living in industrialized societies have increased steadily over the past century, averaging a three-point gain per decade. The cause of the “Flynn effect” is unclear, but in What Is Intelligence? Flynn suggests that the I.Q. gains are attributable to an increasingly conceptually complex social environment. An important cause of this enriched cognitive world is the increasing permeation of scientific categories into everyday thinking. Using a mix of human coding and computer-aided content analysis, we test whether the use of abstract scientific terms, and employing such terms in causal and logical analysis, has increased over time in presidential debates. We find no evidence that the discourse in these debates has become scientifically richer, and find that scientific discourse with respect to economics has actually declined. Possible reasons for this finding and directions for future study are discussed.
To tell the truth: on scientific counterpublics
Authors: Hess David J.
Published: March 2010

Research in the public understanding of science for and against the public deficit model often is based on assumptions of individualism and lay knowledge. That approach to the public is contrasted with a second and third concept of the public. Subordinate networks in diverse social fields can form counterpublics when they claim to represent the general public benefit better than the official constructions of the public and public interest that are articulated by the spokespersons of the dominant agents of the respective social fields. Among the counterpublics are those formed by subordinate networks in the scientific field. Two cases of scientific counterpublics, their relations with subordinate networks in other social fields, and their alternative concepts of public good, are explored in an effort to develop a broader understanding of the public and publics. Two policy implications, targeted funding pools and the “dissensus conference,” are discussed as possible policy innovations that could be developed in addition to deliberative and consultative approaches such as the consensus conference.
Home-Based Therapy for Young Children in Low-Income Families: A Student Training Program
Authors: Mattek Ryan J. , Jorgenson Elizabeth T. , Fox Robert A.
Published: March 2010

The purpose of this project was to develop an internship training program that offered in-home therapy for young children with significant emotional and behavior problems. The children lived in single-parent, low-income homes in unsafe neighborhoods of a large, urban area. A year-long, training and supervision program was implemented with 10 second-year, graduate students enrolled in 5 different university programs that prepared mental health professionals. Students received specialized instruction in working with diverse families living in poverty and in an evidence-based treatment program. They initially observed veteran counselors implementing the treatment program in homes and gradually assumed responsibility for conducting sessions on their own. Students’ scores on a measure of counseling self-efficacy improved significantly from pre- to postinternship. Students reported high levels of satisfaction with the training program and significantly improved confidence levels in their counseling skills at the conclusion of their internship experience. The limitations of these preliminary outcomes for this pilot program are discussed along with the need for more research in this understudied area.
‘‘Marriage’’ Misnames ‘‘Couples’’ and Familial Therapies
Authors: Del Rio Carlos M. , Mieling Gail G.
Published: March 2010

Diverging from familial fluctuations perpetuates ‘‘nuclear families’’ conceptually in contemporary theoretical, research, and clinical practices. Furthermore, presuming all couples are ‘‘reciprocal relationships’’ only between men and women entails couples are heterosexual or married relationships. However, not all couples are ‘‘reciprocal relationships’’ between men and women. Therefore ‘‘marriage’’ misnames all nonheterosexual and all unmarried couples. In this positional article, the authors emphasize reasonableness, transparency, and linguistic accuracy to include all systemic clients in emergent theories, research, and clinical practices. Preeminent publications (n = 1,763) demonstrated ‘‘couples’’ preponderance over ‘‘marriage’’ between 2000 and 2008. Moreover, the authors suggest linguistic accuracy may advance couples’ ontology and epistemology to develop familial therapies in 21st-century America. The authors also discuss ethical and clinical implications.
Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Fan Type Cable Stayed Bridges Against Earthquake Forces
Authors: Khan Rehan A. , Datta Tushar K.
Published: March 2010

A fragility analysis of a fan type cable stayed bridge using a probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) procedure is presented to determine its probability of failure under random ground motion. Seismic input to the bridge support is considered to be a band-limited white noise at the bedrock. For the response analysis, the bridge deck is modeled as a beam supported on springs at different points. The stiffnesses of the springs are determined by a separate 2D static analysis of the cable—tower—deck system. A continuum method of analysis using dynamic stiffness is used to determine the dynamic properties of the bridges.The responses of the bridge deck are obtained by the response spectrum method of analysis for multiple-degrees-of-freedom system. The fragility analysis includes uncertainties of responses due to the variation in ground motion, material properties, modeling and method of analysis. Uncertainties of the capacity of the structure are considered, such as ductility factor variation and damage concentration effects. Failure of the bridge is assumed to take place when the bridge deck moment at any section within a supported span reaches the yield value. The probability of failure of the bridge deck is determined by the first order second moment (FOSM) reliability method. A three-span double-plane symmetrical cable stayed bridge is used as an illustrative example. The fragility curves for the bridge deck failure are obtained under a number of parametric variations which include ratio of the components of ground motion, spatial correlation of ground motion, angle of incidence of earthquake, ductility ratio and coefficients of variation of the uncertainty factors. The results of the study show that these factors have considerable effect on the probability of failure of the bridge.
Active/Robust Control of Longitudinal Vibration Response of Floating-type Cable-stayed Bridge Induced by Train Braking and Vertical Moving Loads
Authors: Jia Liu  , Qu Wei-Lian , Pi Yong-Lin
Published: March 2010

The active/robust control of the longitudinal vibration response of the deck of floating-type cable-stayed bridges induced by train braking and vertical moving loads has been investigated in this paper. Controlled objects of large structures such as long span bridges generally have high orders of controlled variables and this may lead to high costs and complications of controllers. Hence, a reduced controlled model of lower orders based on a modal reduction method has been proposed. Because the controller designed from the reduced model may influence the control effect of the original controlled system; the stability and error of the reduced model have been studied. The results indicate that when a sufficient number of modals are included in the model, the influence is very small. In view of parameter uncertainties in long span bridge structures, the active robust control equations based on frequency uncertainties have been derived, and the active robust control of longitudinal vibration responses of the deck, which are induced by train braking and vertical moving loads, has been simulated for Tian Xingzhou Yangtze River Bridge in China. Simulated results have been compared with results of the active control based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) algorithm. Comparisons have shown that the robust control is more effective and efficient than the active control based on the LQR algorithm.
Vibration Suppression of a Quadrilateral Plate Using Hybrid Piezoelectric Circuits
Authors: Yonghui Zhao
Published: March 2010

A practical method for suppressing random vibrations of a quadrilateral plate using the active/ passive hybrid piezoelectric circuits is developed. Firstly, the finite element model of the plate bonded with piezoelectric actuators is established by using the commercial software packages ANSYS®. Afterwards, matrices in these electromechanically coupled equations are directly imported into MATLAB® platform for later use. Time histories of the random excitations are obtained from the output of a band-pass FIR filter driven by white noise. Hybrid piezoelectric shunt circuits that combine the passive circuits with active voltage sources are used to suppress random vibrations of plate under the designed loads. Simulation results demonstrate that with appropriate circuit parameters, the hybrid control is more effective than passive or purely active control.
Internationalizing Educational Leadership: How a University Department Jumps the Curve From Local to International
Authors: Bogotch Ira , Maslin-Ostrowski Patricia
Published: March 2010

Purpose: This study describes how an educational leadership department transformed its regional identity and localized practices over a ten-year period (1997-2007) to become internationalized in terms of research, teaching, and service. Research Methods/Approach (e.g., Setting, Participants, Research Design, Data Collection and Analysis): A basic qualitative approach (written narratives, interviews and document analysis) was used. All faculty holding tenured, tenure earning, and clinical, non-tenured positions were invited to participate. Fifteen out of 18 department faculty chose to participate. Findings: We found that the success of internationalization rests not only with individual faculty champions and flexible opportunism, but also with collective actions. In one decade, the department shifted from individual, isolated pursuits in the international arena, to a department having an integral, international dimension across research, teaching, and service. Many factors contributed to stages of internationalizing: The role of the department chair was instrumental; having a willing and capable faculty was necessary to reach the more advanced stages of internationalization; international activities were always contingent and voluntary, not mandated or controlled; and, the recruitment, participation, and encouragement of international and internationally oriented graduate students were critical to supporting a bottom-up, top-down synergy. Implications for Research and Practice: The study of internationalization within higher educational institutions, specifically in educational leadership, involves complex theory[ies]. Like Dimmock and Walker before us, we sought to overcome superficial comparisons of attitudes, behaviors and policies which lead to simple, but often misleading correlations. We recommend, instead, a conceptual framework that can account for changes over time and across individual-group interactions, that is, multi-organizational levels.
Developing Instructional Leaders: Using Mixed Methods to Explore the Black Box of Planned Change in Principals’ Professional Practice
Authors: Barnes Carol A. , Camburn Eric , Sanders Beth R. , Sebastian James
Published: March 2010

Purpose: This study examines learning, and both cognitive and behavioral change among a sample of randomly assigned urban principals, half of whom participated in a sustained, district-based professional development program (DPD). Research Methods: Latent class analyses of daily log data, qualitative typology development, and case studies of change provide a rich portrait of the learning and change process. Findings: Few dramatic transformations of practice. Instead, principals attributed to the DPD a gradual refinement of existing practice through a process that allowed them to “break down” declarative knowledge to better understand its consequences for their work, but also provided knowledge structures, tools, and routines for reintegrating ideas from the program into strategically valuable procedural knowledge. Implications: Results suggest potential for developing principals’ competencies within continuing practice communities, but expectation of incremental rather than a dramatic “turn around” in principals’ leadership through program interventions.
The meaning of art to people who use mental health services
Authors: Stacey Gemma , Stickley Theodore
Published: March 2010

Aims: This article reports upon a research study which explored the significance of art to people who use mental health services.

Method: A narrative approach to data collection was chosen as the most appropriate method of gaining in-depth stories regarding the significance of art to the person. This involved the implementation of arts based workshops and in-depth individual follow-up interviews.

Results: The study offers a contribution to the debate surrounding the most appropriate research methods for identifying the relationship between the arts and health. The findings give an indication of the unique and complex meaning attached to art. It is evident that creativity represents an integral aspect of the person’s perception of themselves and that for many it is an essential component of the way they wish to live their life. The multiple benefits described by participants suggest the need for the development of creative resources within statutory mental health care, thus complementing medically based interventions.

Conclusion: A research approach that is creative and consistent with empowering and inclusive practice has been employed in this study. Furthermore, greater attention in research methods to the often neglected area of people’s stories is advocated. Historically, in mental health care, people have felt oppressed by statutory service providers. Narrative approaches in research enable the person to become centre-stage, and, as a parallel to creative expression, the person is given a voice.
Using action research to challenge stereotypes
Authors: Weaver-Hightower Marcus B.
Published: March 2010

Action research has a long history of focus on social justice. This article examines such a project, a grant-funded action research project in Australia designed for a group of 14 teachers to study boys’ writing and their attitudes about writing. I argue that action research was a crucial methodology to help the participating teachers frame boys’ education issues as nuanced and complex from the beginning, and they were thus able to look past overgeneralizations and stereotypes that circulate in the media and popular books about boys. I list some of these stereotypes and then compare them to the teachers’ action research findings. Finally, I explore implications for action research educators and project directors.
Review: Optimizing outcomes with alosetron hydrochloride in severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Lucak Susan L.
Published: March 2010

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder that causes a range of symptoms. Currently, alosetron hydrochloride (Lotronex®), a selective serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist, is the only medication approved for the treatment of severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) in women who have inadequately responded to conventional therapy. Alosetron has demonstrated efficacy compared with placebo in clinical trials and has been shown to improve overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, rare instances of ischemic colitis and severe complications of constipation have been reported. As a result, in 2000 alosetron was voluntarily withdrawn from the market but was reintroduced in 2002 with a more restricted indication and a requirement that clinicians and patients follow a prescribing program. Although the efficacy and benefit of alosetron has been clearly demonstrated, it has been used sparingly since its reintroduction. This brief review describes the history of alosetron, efficacy of alosetron in the treatment of IBS, the impact of severe IBS on HRQoL, safety considerations, the risk evaluation and mitigation strategy program under which alosetron is now prescribed, and an update on postmarketing surveillance data.
The role of internet technology and social branding in improving the mental health and wellbeing of young people
Authors: Nicholas Jonathan
Published: March 2010

Aims: With large numbers of young people experiencing mental health difficulties but not seeking help, there is a need to develop not only innovative but also well-promoted strategies that are appealing to this population and reduce barriers to help seeking.

Methods: Reach Out! (http://www.reachout.com.au) is presented as a case study, demonstrating an internet-based initiative that sucessfully incorporates technology and social branding to provide a service that promotes the mental health and wellbeing of young people in Australia aged 16 to 25.

Results: With over seven million visits since its launch in 1998 and one in three young Australians aware of the website, Reach Out! is a trusted service that young people in Australia use when going through a tough time. Online user profiling suggests that after visiting Reach Out!, 38% of young people contact a mental health professional. The implications of these results will be discussed.

Conclusions: Reach Out! can serve as a model for the social sector to utilize technology and social branding to enhance existing community-based services and promote the mental health and wellbeing of young people.
Taking it on the chin
Authors: Scriven Angela
Published: March 2010

Angela Scriven, Reader in Health Promotion at the University of Brunel, highlights why being a child of divorce is no easier when you are an adult
Mental Health First Aid — a life skill we should all have?
Authors: Zilnyk Anna
Published: March 2010

Dr Anna Zilnyk, Accreditation Officer at the Royal Society for Public Health, explains the importance of early intervention in addressing mental health problems
Supported further education provision for people with long-term mental health needs: Findings from a survey of further education colleges and primary care trusts across the south east of England
Authors: Morrison Ian , Clift Stephen M , Stosz Laura M
Published: March 2010

Aim: Government policy has highlighted the need for inclusive education for people with long-term mental health needs. As a starting point, the aim of this study was to assess the extent to which further education (FE) colleges in the south east of England provide supported education for people with mental health needs, and the extent to which these organizations collaborate with local NHS primary care trusts (PCTs). Also, to assess the potential numbers of people who might benefit from fully inclusive educational provision needs assessment, together with the potential healthcare cost savings.

Method: A survey was conducted of 33 multi-faculty FE colleges and 49 PCTs via structured telephone interviews with nominated representatives, in order to collect quantitative and qualitative data of the provision of supported education provision for people with mental health needs. The FE survey enquired whether they had provision for people with mental health needs, and if so, the details. The PCT survey gathered data on their caseload of standard and enhanced clients for the population covered, and the extent to which they were aware of the benefits of learning on mental health.

Results: Only 15 FE colleges (45%) had some form of provision for students with long-term mental health needs, and only six PCTs (12%) provided an educational link co-ordinator. FE colleges with existing provision averaged 70 students per college, against an attainable potential target of 130 students per college. Encouragingly, cohorts of students with mental health needs were reported to have levels of ‘retention’, ‘achievement’ and ‘success’ rates that were comparable with students from the general population on mainstream courses — e.g. expected rates of around 85% retention, 75% achievement (of those retained), 65% success (overall from enrolled to achieving), with some 5% progressing to university and 12% into employment. On present levels of FE recruitment, there is a potential net saving to the taxpayer of £13 million in mental healthcare costs (around 50%) and if recruitment increased to projected levels, then the potential net saving to the taxpayer would be £26 million. The substantial estimated savings to the health budget not only shows that supported education provision in FE is effective in promoting mental health, it also indicates the high level of its cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion: This research has implications for budget holders, health promotion staff and mental health teams working within a social model of health, and the collaborative use of resources to assist people recovering from or managing mental health difficulties in moving forward in their lives.
A women’s worker in court: A more appropriate service for women defendants with mental health issues?
Authors: Hean Sarah , Heaslip Vanessa , Warr Jerry , Bell Helen , Staddon Sue
Published: March 2010

Aims: Court liaison services aim to reduce mental illness in prison through early treatment and/or diversion into care of defendants negotiating their court proceedings. However, liaison services may inadvertently contribute to gender inequalities in mental health in the prison system because women often do not access liaison services. This is attributed to services failing to recognize that women have different needs from men. To address this, it is essential that the needs of women in contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) are clearly articulated. However, there is a dearth of research that considers women’s needs at this stage of their journey through the CJS. This paper aims to identify these needs before women enter prison. It does so through an analysis of a pilot Women’s Support Service based at a magistrates’ court, a response to concerns that women were not accessing the local liaison service.

Methods: Proformas were completed by a women’s specialist worker for 86 women defendants assessed over four months. Information was collected on characteristics including education, domestic violence, accommodation, physical and mental health. This specialist worker recorded the range of needs identified by defendants at assessment and the services to which women were referred.

Results: Access to the Women’s Support Service is high, with only 11.3% of women refusing to use the service. Women attending have high levels of physical and mental health issues. Their mental health issues have not being addressed prior to accessing the service. Women often come from single households and environments high in domestic abuse. Women have multiple needs related to benefits, finance, housing, domestic abuse, education and career guidance. These are more frequent than those that explicitly link to mental health. The women’s worker providing the service referred women to 68 services from a wide variety of statutory and voluntary organizations.

Conclusions: The Women’s Support Service is accessed by a higher number of women, many more than access the local liaison service. It is suggested that this is due to their multiple and gender-specific needs being adequately addressed by the former service and the organizations to which they are referred. Mental health needs may also be secondary to other more basic needs, which makes the generic service provided by the Women’s Support Service more appropriate than a liaison service that deals with mental health support alone.
Spiritual wellbeing for older New Zealanders
Authors: Eames Penny , Cayley Simon
Published: March 2010

Penny Eames, a Social Science Researcher, and Simon Cayley, Chief Executive of the Bishop’s Action Foundation, explain that spirituality cannot be overlooked in the pursuit of cultural wellbeing and good health
Common mental health problems and work: Applying evidence to inform practice
Authors: Seymour Linda
Published: March 2010

The false assumption that individuals must be symptom-free to return to work has been disproved, says Linda Seymour, Head of Policy at the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health
Glenohumeral Microfracture
Authors: Salata Michael J. , Kercher James S. , Bajaj Sarvottam , Verma Nikhil N. , Cole Brian J.
Published: March 2010

The treatment of symptomatic cartilage lesions in the glenohumeral joint presents a significant challenge due to poor healing characteristics. Diagnosis of glenohumeral chondral defects is not always clear, and while current imaging modalities are good, many lesions require arthroscopy to fully appreciate. Arthroplasty remains an effective treatment in low-demand patients; however, younger, higher demand individuals may be treated with less invasive reparative measures. This paper discusses the diagnosis of glenohumeral chondral pathology and presents the technique, rehabilitation, and available outcomes following microfracture in the shoulder.
Macrosegregation in Al–Si welds made with dissimilar filler metals
Authors: Yang Y. K. , Kou S.
Published: March 2010

The microstructure and compositions of Al–Si welds made by gas metal arc welding with filler metals which are different, i.e. dissimilar, from the workpiece in composition were examined. The liquidus temperature of the weld metal ( T LW) was either below or above that of the base metal ( T LB). T LW< T LB was achieved by welding 1100 Al (commercially pure Al) with filler metal 4047 (essentially Al–12Si). Base metal-like beaches, peninsulas, and islands were found along the fusion boundary, and the beaches were discontinuous. These results suggested the macrosegregation mechanism was Mechanism 1 proposed recently by the authors. Contrarily, T LW> T LB was achieved by welding alloys at or close to the Al–12·6Si eutectic composition with filler metal 1100 Al. A filler rich zone near the weld bottom and a base metal-like beach continuous along the fusion boundary were found. These results suggested the macrosegregation mechanism was Mechanism 4 proposed recently by the authors.
Novel method of thermite welding
Authors: Yuan X. Y. , Zhan C. B. , Jin H. B. , Chen K. X.
Published: March 2010

This article presents a novel method of thermite welding. A hand operated portable welding can be conveniently realised using self-made thermite welding pencil without any welding equipments. A butt junction was obtained between two low carbon steel plates. Morphological, microstructure and mechanical analyses of the weld bead were carried out. The results demonstrated that the two steel plates were jointed by fusion bonding with the filler. No defects such as porosity and microcrack were found. The hardness test showed the low hardness of the fusion zone compared with the base material. In addition, the grain growth in HAZ did not affect the hardness of the base material. The average tensile strength of welds was 285·4 MPa, ∼70% of the average tensile strength of low carbon steel.
Measurement of surface temperature of weld pools by infrared two colour pyrometry
Authors: Yamazaki K. , Yamamoto E. , Suzuki K. , Koshiishi F. , Tashiro S. , Tanaka M. , Nakata K.
Published: March 2010

In this research, two colour pyrometry was conducted to obtain the surface temperature of weld pools, in which the weld pool was photographed by a high speed camera during arc welding. Two wavelengths (950 and 980 nm) of light in the infrared range were selected from the thermal radiation light emitted from the weld pool at the instant when the arc was extinguished, using an imaging spectroscope. Consequently, in gas tungsten arc welding, it was shown that the surface temperature distribution of a weld pool is affected by the sulphur content in the base metal. It is thought that this temperature distribution is determined by the balance between the driving forces of viscous drag from the cathode jet of plasma and Marangoni surface tension. In gas metal arc welding, it was seen that the surface temperature distribution becomes uniform and the temperature is 1715–1845 K, which is obviously lower than that of the metal droplet.
Friction stir weld nugget temperature asymmetry
Authors: Wade M. , Reynolds A. P.
Published: March 2010

Two different hardness distributions were observed to result from the friction stir welding of an Al–Mg–Si alloy using identical welding speeds but different heat inputs. In one case, the distribution was relatively symmetric about the weld centreline and in the other, the hardness declined continuously from the advancing to the retreating sides of the weld nugget. Based on in-probe temperature measurements, full-field grain size mapping, and response to post-weld heat treatment, it has been ascertained that under low heat input conditions, the weld nugget attained a higher temperature on the advancing side than on the retreating side. Such a temperature asymmetry has often been proposed and has been predicted by simulation but, has not been convincingly demonstrated before this time.
Degradation mechanism of electrode tip during alternate resistance spot welding of zinc coated and uncoated steel sheets
Authors: Kondo M. , Konishi T. , Nomura K. , Kokawa H.
Published: March 2010

The operation life and degradation mechanism of electrode during resistance spot alternating current welding of zinc coated galvannealed steel sheets were investigated. The electrode life in alternate resistance spot welding of zinc coated and uncoated steel sheets was extremely short in comparison with welding only on zinc coated steel sheets. During alternate resistance spot welding, the ring shaped nuggets were formed easily. This is attributable to the sticking of the alloy layers formed on the electrode top during the previous welding of zinc coated steel, to the uncoated steel surface at the following welding, so that notable wear took place, and the surface profile of electrode tip became flat. Additionally, an accumulation of highly resistant carbonaceous substance layer at the centre of electrode top caused an annular flow of welding current to hinder the nugget formation.
Analysis of macrosegregation near fusion boundary in fusion welding
Authors: Rajamäki P. I. , Karkhin V. A. , Homich P. N.
Published: March 2010

A model is presented for the prediction of the post-solidification solute distribution of a single phase alloy in a fusion weld. It takes into account the shape and size of the weld pool, the acceleration of growth rate as a solidifying crystal curves from the fusion boundary towards the weld centreline in an oval weld pool, the melting stage prior to the solidification and the diffusion in solid. Temperature dependencies of diffusion coefficients are included. The proposed model and analogous solidification models are categorised with a system consisting of Cases and Sub-Cases. The thermodiffusional problem is solved numerically. It is shown that the solid diffusion during the melting stage may essentially affect the post-solidification solute distribution near the fusion boundary. Radiographical experiments on sulphur support the calculations. The model is restricted to planar growth, until microsegregation is included.
Transfusion of red blood cells after prolonged storage produces harmful effects that are mediated by iron and inflammation
Authors: Hod Eldad A. , Zhang Ning , Sokol Set A. , Wojczyk Boguslaw S. , Francis Richard O. , Ansaldi Daniel , Francis Kevin P. , Della-Latta Phyllis , Whittier Susan , Sheth Sujit , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Zimring James C. , Brittenham Gary M. , Spitalnik Steven L.
Published: March 2010

Although red blood cell (RBC) transfusions can be lifesaving, they are not without risk. In critically ill patients, RBC transfusions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, which may increase with prolonged RBC storage before transfusion. The mechanisms responsible remain unknown. We hypothesized that acute clearance of a subset of damaged, stored RBCs delivers large amounts of iron to the monocyte/macrophage system, inducing inflammation. To test this in a well-controlled setting, we used a murine RBC storage and transfusion model to show that the transfusion of stored RBCs, or washed stored RBCs, increases plasma nontransferrin bound iron (NTBI), produces acute tissue iron deposition, and initiates inflammation. In contrast, the transfusion of fresh RBCs, or the infusion of stored RBC-derived supernatant, ghosts, or stroma-free lysate, does not produce these effects. Furthermore, the insult induced by transfusion of stored RBC synergizes with subclinical endotoxinemia producing clinically overt signs and symptoms. The increased plasma NTBI also enhances bacterial growth in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that, in a mouse model, the cellular component of leukoreduced, stored RBC units contributes to the harmful effects of RBC transfusion that occur after prolonged storage. Nonetheless, these findings must be confirmed by prospective human studies.