bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literature analysis of international experiences in studying the theoretical and methodological framework of GIS-based demographic mapping processes
Authors: Abdurakhmonov Sarvar , Khayitov Oybek , Umarova Navbakhor , Ismaylova Rano , Mengliev Bobur , Khakimov Alyorbek , Karimov Yunus
Published: March 2024

This research conducts a comprehensive analysis of GIS-based demographic mapping, synthesizing international literature to unravel evolving theoretical frameworks, spatial analysis techniques, and the integration of emerging technologies. The study reveals a convergence of Spatial Demography, Agent-Based Modeling, and Geodemographics, providing nuanced insights into population dynamics. Spatial clustering, gravity modeling, geostatistical analysis, and cellular automata modeling represent advancements in spatial analytics, enriching our understanding of migration patterns and population distribution. The integration of emerging technologies—LiDAR, Artificial Intelligence, and Blockchain—marks a transformative shift, enhancing accuracy in population density estimation and introducing novel dimensions of predictive modeling and data security. Ethical considerations, including anonymization techniques and algorithmic transparency, contribute to responsible GIS-based demographic mapping practices. Addressing challenges such as data quality issues, limited accessibility, and ethical considerations, the research proposes practical solutions, from citizen science integration to standardized GIS protocols. Future directions advocate for the adoption of 5G technology, spatial big data analytics, community-engaged mapping, and investigating the intersection of climate change and demography. The synthesis of these findings positions this research as a vital resource, guiding researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in navigating the dynamic landscape of GIS-based demographic analysis.
Relationship of copper-molybdenum and gold minering with magmatism
Authors: Zhonibekov Bobur , Tulyaganova Nargiza , Adilkhanov Karim , Adilov Bakhram , Abdusamatova Dilafruz
Published: March 2024

In the investigated deposits, a combination of skarn and hydrothermal mineralization has been identified. Specific facies within intrusive complexes align with distinct postmagmatic formations. Skarn-magnetite formations are intricately linked with the granitoid complex of the initial phase, while hydrothermal mineralization has a genetic connection to the subsequent phase of magmatism, characterized by minor intrusions of granodiorite porphyry. A distinctive zonal structure of individual facies, such as quartz-sericite-chlorite metasomatites, is observed around these granodiorite porphyry intrusions. The manifestation of rock wall metasomatism, as well as copper-molybdenum and gold ore mineralization, closely corresponds to the extent of the granodiorite-porphyry occurrences. This correlation highlights the intimate relationship between the scale of mineralization and the manifestation of granodiorite-porphyry, emphasizing the role of specific magmatic phases in the formation of skarn and hydrothermal deposits. The findings contribute to our understanding of the geological processes governing the development of diverse mineralization types within these deposits.
The use of hydrogels in mixtures to reduce the transient resistance of the soil - grounding device
Authors: Baraishuk Siarhei , Pavlovic Ivan , Murodov Muzaffar , Nabiev Murodjon
Published: March 2024

A method for reducing the resistance of the ground loop for high-resistance soils by using mixtures based on hydrogel is considered as backfill materials. Based on the results of the research, an analysis was made of the effect of mixtures on soil resistivity, the seasonality factor and the resistance of the ground loop at various temperatures and humidity.
Water balance in the aeration zone at the irrigation of red beets in the Russian Non-Chernozem area
Authors: Pchelkin Victor , Bezborodov Yuri
Published: March 2024

Basing on experimental data, we obtained the correlation results between the water balance elements in the aeration zone and the calculated layer at the irrigation of red beets on sod-podzolic soils. We provided a methodology to conduct research on experimental plots and in lysimeters. The water balances for the aeration zone in the lysimeters and for the calculated soil layer on the experimental plots are presented. It is shown that the amount of precipitation during the growing season 2010–2011 (97, 195 mm) and the sum of average daily air humidity deficits (12.1, 9.6 mb) influence water consumption (510, 498 mm) and irrigation norms (414, 318 mm). Soil moisture at the conditions of sod-podzolic soil of watershed territories in Moscow Oblast at sprinkler irrigation has a significant impact on all the components of the water balance, especially on the irrigation norm and water consumption of red beets. We stated the relation between the irrigation norm for red beets and the moisture content of the calculated layer of sod-podzolic soil. The correlation coefficient of the considered values is 0,996+0,031. A relation between the water consumption of red beets and the moisture content in the watershed sod-podzolic soil was obtained. The correlation coefficient of the considered values is 0,991+0,053.
Substantiation of the rotary pin installation's working bodies parameters for processing of dried grapes
Authors: Rakhmatullaev Ravshan , Ermatov Valijon , Yusufaliev Abdurahman , Aynaqulov Komiljon , Otaboev Muhammad
Published: March 2024

The article offers the results of experimental research, the influence of the number of revolutions of the plate and the angle of inclination of the side wall of the plate, internal, and external diameters and heights of pins installed on the plate of a rotary pin installation, as well as the humidity of dried grapes on показателейits performance indicators. When determining the influence of the speed of the plate on the performance of the device, the speed of the plate changed from 200 min-1 to 350 min-1 with an interval of 50 min-1. As well as determining the influence of the angle of inclination of the side wall of the plate on the performance indicators, that when the angle of inclination of the side wall of the plate changes from 25 ° to 35 °, the degree of cleaning and loss of dried grapes increased, and the degree of damage decreased. An increase in this angle from 35 ° to 40 ° resulted in a decrease in the degree of peeling and loss of dried grapes, as well as an increase in the degree of damage to them. And at an angle of inclination of 35 ° or more, the probability of getting discarded dried grapes on the walls of the device increases, which negatively affects its quality indicators.
Quality examination of ice cream products made from melon grown in Khorezm area
Authors: Khujayeva Makhliyo , Ibadullayev Bazar , Kuramboyev Sherzod , Radjapov Mansur , Achilova Sanobar , Atajanov Sardorbek , Shamuratov Sanjarbek , Buranova Shakhnoza
Published: March 2024

The results of qualitative examination of melon ice cream, its raw materials, preparation technology, vitamin C content in various recipes of ice cream, as well as regulatory documents on various microbiological safety standards in the product, methods for studying the necessary microbiological indicators, as well as microbiological studies of melon ice cream in storage in different conditions are presented.
Investigating the rationale of dimensional elements in the ripper of a combined unit
Authors: Xudayarov Anvar , Nazirjonov Ibrohimjon , Abdimominov Ikrom , Yuldasheva Matluba
Published: March 2024

The article describes a technology for minimizing tillage when growing cotton in rows and calculates the dimensions of the ripper parameters of the combined unit that uses this technology. Based on the results of the experiment, these calculations showed that the ripper's working surface length should not be less than 150 mm and its coverage width should not exceed 140 mm in order to ensure soil softening and prevent ditch compaction beneath the processed layer-by-layer soil structure.
Chemical technology of oligomers production from homopolymer based on epichlorohydrin and morpholine
Authors: Urinov Ulugbek , Hamidova Nilufar , Mirzakulov Ilhom
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the effect of different solvents on the spontaneous polymerization reaction of morpholine and epichlorohydrin is studied. Also. The reaction have been established: factors temperature, proportions of initial substances, optimal values of such parameters as temperature.On the basis of the developed technology the yield of oligomeric product with epichlorohydrin based on morpholine 92-95% was determined. The structure of the synthesized oligomeric substance was established by spectral methods, IR, PMR spectroscopy.The technological scheme for the preparation of polymer products based on 3-chloro-1-morpholyl-2-isopropylacrylate was also developed and the influence of reaction time, temperature and ratio of initial substances on the process was studied. Preparation of oligomer based on morpholine with epichlorohydrin.Processes and technology for obtaining homopolymers based on 3-chloro-1-morpholyl-2-isopropylacrylate were developed.
Development of technology for refining of black cotton oil miscella
Authors: Yunusov Obidjon , Ayubova Indirakhon , Nomozov Orifjon , Qodirov Azizbek , Qodirov Zufarjon , Buranova Dilfuza
Published: March 2024

The study focusing on the forrafination process of black miscella in cottonseed oil has yielded promising results, showcasing several significant improvements in the overall oil refining process. Notably, the forrafination method has demonstrated its effectiveness in enhancing both yield and the quality of the refined oil. One notable outcome of the study is the substantial increase in yield achieved through the forrafination process. This implies that the method is efficient in extracting a higher quantity of refined oil from the black miscella of cottonseed oil compared to traditional refining methods. Furthermore, the forrafination process has proven effective in reducing the color of the refined oil. This is a critical improvement, as color is often an important quality parameter in the food industry, influencing the aesthetic appeal of the oil and its suitability for various applications. A significant benefit highlighted in the study is the reduction in the consumption of caustic soda during the refining process. This is economically and environmentally advantageous, as it reflects a more resource-efficient approach to oil refining, aligning with sustainability goals. Importantly, the refined oil obtained through forrafination meets the standard requirements for both acid number and color. This is a key validation of the method's success, indicating that the refined oil is not only produced in higher quantities but also adheres to the established quality standards, ensuring its suitability for various applications. The study's findings on forrafination in the black miscella of cottonseed oil represent a noteworthy advancement in the field of oil refining. The demonstrated improvements in yield, color reduction, and reduced consumption of caustic soda contribute to more efficient and sustainable processes, with the refined oil meeting industry standards for quality.
Efficiency of agrotechnical and chemical measures in control of weeds in onion (Allium cepa L.) fields
Authors: Rizaev Shukhrat , Sharifov Kamolidin , Sanayev Sabir , Isaev Sabirjan , Kholmurzaev Bobur
Published: March 2024

In the scientific article, in the study of the efficiency of agrotechnical and chemical control measures against weeds in the maintenance of onion (Allium cepa L.) seedlings in the meadow gray soils of the Samarkand province, when the soil is plowed to a depth of 30-35 cm using a two-layer tube in the fall, 18-22 cm to the soil surface (plowing) soil density decreased by 0.06-0.09 g/cm3 in the tilled 0-30 cm layer compared to the treated options. porosity increased by 1.4%. water permeability was higher by 80.2-82.4 m3. When the soil is plowed to a depth of 30-35 cm, Select 120 KE herbicide is applied at the rates of 0.5-1.0 l/ha in the maintenance of onion seedlings (3-4 ginseng period), one-year weeds are 85.2-93.9 and 84.1 by -96.7%, perennials 67.7-81.4; 69.2-83.9% destroyed. It is stated that the phytosanitary conditions of the cultivated area will be improved, and the yield of commercial onions will be 73.6-74.4 tons/ha and high quality.
Evaluation of growing of sweet maize varieties and hybrids as a repeated crop in different planting periods and schemes
Authors: Sanaev Sabir , Rakhmatov Idrok , Saparniyazov Inomjan , Rizaev Shukhrat , Khalmirzaeva Lola , Abdikhalikova Barchioy , Makhramov Latif
Published: March 2024

In a comprehensive scientific study conducted in the Bukhara province, the cultivation of 12 varieties and hybrids of sweet (vegetable) corn was undertaken as a repeated crop in medium-saline meadow alluvial soils. Noteworthy varieties and hybrids evaluated in the study included "Zamin," "Mazza," "Megaton F1," and "Union F1," selected based on their suitability for the specific soil and climate conditions prevalent in the province. The research aimed to discern the optimal combinations of planting schemes and periods for maximizing yield in sweet corn production. Among the diverse planting schemes and periods tested, the study highlighted the effectiveness of the 60x30 and 70x25 cm schemes, identifying them as the optimal choices. Furthermore, the optimal planting period was pinpointed to be July 5, emphasizing the significance of timing in sweet corn cultivation in the region. The findings indicated that when varieties and hybrids like "Zamin," "Mazza," "Megaton F1," and "Union F1" were planted on July 5 using the 60x30 and 70x25 cm schemes, an impressive yield of 10.1-14.4 tons of vegetable cobs per hectare was achieved. This underscores the importance of meticulous selection of both planting schemes and periods to optimize sweet corn production in the specific agro-climatic conditions of the Bukhara province. The research outcomes contribute valuable insights for local farmers and agricultural practitioners, offering practical recommendations for enhancing crop productivity and ensuring sustainable sweet corn cultivation practices.
Experimental results of the improved cotton regenerator under production conditions
Authors: Tuychiev Timur , Gafurov Alisher , Jumamuratova Venera
Published: March 2024

The research article focuses on the application of an enhanced cotton regenerator in the Independence cotton cleaning technology within the TST AGRO cluster, presenting compelling results. The study assessed various key parameters related to cotton fiber quality to compare the performance of the improved cotton regenerator with the existing technology. Several crucial quality indicators were examined during the research, including the length uniformity index of cotton fiber (Unf), relative breaking strength (Str), the number of impurities in cotton fiber (Cnt), the amount of short fibers (SFI), and contamination with non-fibrous impurities. Additionally, changes in the color index (T) and quality aspects such as the degree of yellowness (+b) of the fiber were thoroughly investigated. The research findings revealed that the quality indicators of cotton fiber produced using the improved cotton regenerator surpassed those achieved with the existing regenerator technology. This suggests that the enhancements made to the regenerator positively influenced critical aspects of cotton fiber quality, including fiber length uniformity, breaking strength, impurity levels, and overall cleanliness. Moreover, the study examined color-related parameters, indicating that the improved regenerator contributed to maintaining or enhancing the fiber's color quality. The results of this research signify the potential benefits of implementing the improved cotton regenerator in the Independence cotton cleaning technology. This advancement has the capacity to positively impact the textile industry by delivering cotton fibers with superior qualities, thereby contributing to the overall improvement of cotton processing and manufacturing processes within the TST AGRO cluster.
Growing varieties sweet corn main period in Karakalpakstan
Authors: Saparniyazov Inomjan , Sanaev Sabir , Isaev Sabirjan , Rizaev Shukhrat , Shamsiev Anvar , Rakhmatov Idrok
Published: March 2024

This article investigates the impact of planting the "Zamin" variety and "Megaton F1" hybrid of sweet corn in the moderately saline meadow-alluvial soils of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The study specifically focuses on the effects of planting these hybrids at different periods—April 20, May 1, and May 10—on various aspects of plant growth, development, vegetable cob productivity, and economic efficiency indicators. The findings indicate that when seeds of the "Zamin" variety and "Megaton F1" hybrid of sweet corn were planted on April 20, remarkable results were observed. The plants exhibited impressive height, ranging from 163.7 cm to 173.3 cm. Additionally, they were characterized by a substantial number of leaves (12.0 to 12.1 pieces) and seeds (3.0 to 3.6 pieces), showcasing robust growth and development. Furthermore, the productivity of these early-planted varieties was noteworthy, with a yield of 10.8 tons per hectare for the "Zamin" variety and 11.8 tons per hectare for the "Megaton F1" hybrid. Importantly, this represented an additional yield of 1.1 to 1.3 tons per hectare compared to the control, highlighting the positive impact of the early planting strategy. These results underscore the significance of the planting period in maximizing the growth, development, and overall productivity of sweet corn varieties in the specific agro-climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan. The study's insights contribute valuable information for local farmers and agricultural practitioners, offering a practical approach to enhancing crop yield and economic efficiency in sweet corn cultivation.
Innovative technologies combating with dust emission releasing into the atmosphere
Authors: Rashidov Rikhsitilla , Turgunov Abdulkhashim , Nazarbekov Makhmudbek , Tursunova Iroda , Rakhimov Khusniddin , Obidov Shoyunus
Published: March 2024

An examination of various approaches, methods, and technologies recommended as optimal for safeguarding atmospheric air against dust pollution has led to the identification of the distinct advantages associated with vortex inertial dust collectors utilizing swirling currents. These collectors, referred to as Cyclone Separation Fans (CSF), have been determined to serve as primary and auxiliary equipment in dust removal systems within the production of building materials and other industries. Traditionally employed circuit designs for dust collection systems were also subject to analysis, revealing two prevalent types: open and partially closed air circulation systems. In the latter, a portion of the cleaned airflow is reintroduced into the system, representing a key feature of the design. This assessment underscores the significance of vortex inertial dust collectors, specifically CSFs, as instrumental components in dust removal systems across various industrial sectors. Their effectiveness in mitigating dust pollution, coupled with their versatility as both primary and supplementary equipment, positions them as recommended technologies for atmospheric air protection in the production of building materials and other related industries. The recognition of open and partially closed air circulation systems in traditional dust collection circuit designs further contributes to refining and optimizing dust removal processes for enhanced environmental protection.
Production of filter material from various natural fibers
Authors: Ergashev Yorkinjon , Egamberdiev Elmurod , Akmalova Guzal , Umarova Muattar , Ayubova Indira , Kholiqova Sevara , Mirzakhmedova Munisa , Turabdjanov Sadritdin
Published: March 2024

In this study, a composite filter paper was fabricated using cellulose derived from Flax and cotton linters, along with the incorporation of basalt fiber. The aim was to develop a filter paper with enhanced filtration performance and mechanical strength.The composition and properties of the mineral filler employed in the preparation of the filter paper were thoroughly investigated. The mineral filler, which played a crucial role in influencing the properties of the composite, was carefully selected and characterized. Its particle size, surface area, and chemical composition were analyzed to understand its impact on the filtration efficiency and mechanical integrity of the filter paper.To evaluate the performance of the composite filter paper, comprehensive testing methods were employed. The filtration efficiency, pressure drop across the filter, and mechanical strength properties such as tensile strength and burst strength were assessed. These tests provided quantitative data to determine the effectiveness of the composite filter paper in capturing particles of varying sizes and its structural stability during the experimental investigation were presented in graphical form to provide a clear visual representation of the data. These graphs allowed for easy interpretation and comparison of the properties and performance of the composite filter paper under different conditions.
Low-voltage AC series arc fault detection based on Fisher-mutual information feature selection
Authors: Qin Baichuan , Wang Wei , Hu Wei , Su Lei , Zou Guofeng
Published: March 2024

The detection of multi-feature fusion is a crucial approach to address the issue of series arc fault detection. Effective feature selection plays a vital role in enhancing the accuracy of the classifier and reducing system complexity. In this study, a feature selection algorithm based on Fisher-mutual information is proposed to tackle the problem of feature selection in multi-feature fusion detection. This algorithm utilizes the characteristics of arc fault voltage source to construct a feature pool. The Fisher-score algorithm and mutual information algorithm are employed to construct an optimal feature subset. The feature subset undergoes rough selection by retaining key features of the classifier and fine selection by eliminating redundant features. Experimental results and comparisons with related methods demonstrate that the proposed feature selection method significantly enhances the classifier's recognition accuracy, reduces classification and recognition time, diminishes the feature dimension, and outperforms other existing methods.
Hybrid quantitative–qualitative method for technology portfolio selection: a case study of Iran’s space industry
Authors: Chizari Emad , Sedighy Seyed Hasan , Pishvaee Mir Saman , Azar Adel
Published: March 2024

The space industry is known as an economic driver for many world economies. In Iran, the acquisition of satellite technology knowledge is one of the achievements of the country’s scientific and technological indicators in recent years, but the position and importance of optimal investment in this industry in Iran have been ignored. The optimal technology portfolio is one of the tools that can cover this gap and lead to better decision-making by policymakers. In this paper, the optimum technology portfolio determination regarding its goals, attributes and challenges is addressed for Iran’s space industry with a hybrid quantitative–qualitative method in two short and medium-term periods. We formulate a technology portfolio selection model with these multi-objective functions: maximization of benefits in using different technologies comprising of both short and medium-term portfolios, maximizing the total summation of all Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) of technologies, maximizing the acquisition speed for the technologies, and minimizing the acquisition risk of technologies in each portfolio. In the proposed model, the usability, acquisition cost, and complexity of each technology are considered meticulously. Also, the goal programming method is used to integrate the objective functions. Another novelty of this paper is the formulation of two portfolios with two different periods in which their corresponding inputs and outputs affect the other. This research can significantly help in directing the country’s investment in the space industry, spatial ecosystem orientation, facilitating the creation of space-based businesses, improving economic growth, and also providing guidelines to improve the related policies in this area. In addition, this research can be an inspiration for other developing countries in the space industry.
Coalescence of liquid marbles on oil-infused surface
Authors: Lathia Rutvik , Deshmukh Prerana , विनया  , Sen Prosenjit
Published: March 2024

While droplets typically merge instantly in an air medium, alterations to the outer medium can complicate the coalescence process. This study investigates droplet coalescence dynamics when encapsulated by a uniform liquid–solid composite shell, aiming to understand its implications for mechanical stability and merging behavior. The uniform shell around a sessile droplet is produced by using liquid marble on oil-infused surfaces (LMOI). The coalescence dynamics was studied under two different conditions: droplet with LMOI and LMOI with LMOI. In contrast to merging of bare droplets, coalescence involving at least one LMOI reveals a three-step process, including spreading, depletion, and eventual merging phases. Higher oil viscosity influences the merging process, with increased viscosity leading to delayed merging with longer spreading and depletion phases. LMOI exhibits significant resistance to merging with another LMOI, necessitating external triggers like pressure or electric fields for coalescence. These findings provide insights into designing microreactor systems based on LMOI, contributing to the comprehension of their dynamics and functionalities.
Machine learning to predict continuous protein properties from binary cell sorting data and map unseen sequence space
Authors: Case Marshall , Smith Matthew , Vinh Jordan , Thurber Greg
Published: March 2024

Proteins are a diverse class of biomolecules responsible for wide-ranging cellular functions, from catalyzing reactions to recognizing pathogens. The ability to evolve proteins rapidly and inexpensively toward improved properties is a common objective for protein engineers. Powerful high-throughput methods like fluorescent activated cell sorting and next-generation sequencing have dramatically improved directed evolution experiments. However, it is unclear how to best leverage these data to characterize protein fitness landscapes more completely and identify lead candidates. In this work, we develop a simple yet powerful framework to improve protein optimization by predicting continuous protein properties from simple directed evolution experiments using interpretable, linear machine learning models. Importantly, we find that these models, which use data from simple but imprecise experimental estimates of protein fitness, have predictive capabilities that approach more precise but expensive data. Evaluated across five diverse protein engineering tasks, continuous properties are consistently predicted from readily available deep sequencing data, demonstrating that protein fitness space can be reasonably well modeled by linear relationships among sequence mutations. To prospectively test the utility of this approach, we generated a library of stapled peptides and applied the framework to predict affinity and specificity from simple cell sorting data. We then coupled integer linear programming, a method to optimize protein fitness from linear weights, with mutation scores from machine learning to identify variants in unseen sequence space that have improved and co-optimal properties. This approach represents a versatile tool for improved analysis and identification of protein variants across many domains of protein engineering.
Disentangling Ancestral State Reconstruction in historical linguistics
Authors: Skirgård Hedvig
Published: March 2024

Ancestral State Reconstruction (ASR) is an essential part of historical linguistics (HL).
Conventional ASR in HL relies on three core principles: fewest changes on the tree, plausibility of changes and
plausibility of the resulting combinations of features in proto-languages. This approach has some problems, in particular the
definition of what is plausible and the disregard for branch lengths. This study compares the classic approach of ASR to
computational tools (Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood), conceptually and practically. Computational models have the
advantage of being more transparent, consistent and replicable, and the disadvantage of lacking nuanced knowledge and context.
Using data from the structural database Grambank, I compare reconstructions of the grammar of ancestral Oceanic languages from
the HL literature to those achieved by computational means. The results show that there is a high degree of
agreement between manual and computational approaches, with a tendency for classical HL to ignore branch lengths.
Explicitly taking branch lengths into account is more conceptually sound; as such the field of HL should
engage in improving methods in this direction. A combination of computational methods and qualitative knowledge is possible in the
future and would be of great benefit.
Characterization of Ce3+ and Eu3+ doped and co-doped ZnO nanoparticles for luminescence applications
Authors: Sharma Nikita , Sahay P P
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the synthesis of Ce3+ and Eu3+ doped, as well as co-doped ZnO nanoparticles using the solution combustion route. The nanoparticles exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with crystallite sizes ranging from 19 to 22 nm. Structural parameters, including lattice constants, bond lengths, and bond angles, are evaluated. Morphological diversity is observed in field-emission scanning electron microscopy images. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy results reveal an energy band gap of 3.20 eV for undoped ZnO nanoparticles. The energy band gap value slightly decreases for Eu-doped ZnO and certain (Ce, Eu) co-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Photoluminescence (PL) excitation peaks are attributed to energy levels of native defects in the ZnO band gap, along with f–d and f–f transitions of rare-earth ions (Ce3+, Eu3+). The PL emission spectra under different excitation wavelengths (350 nm, 394 nm, and 465 nm) display varied peak positions. ZnO co-doped with 0.96 mol% of Ce3+ and 0.92 mol% of Eu3+ emerges as a promising material for luminescence applications, exhibiting a significant increase in green emission intensity. Consequently, this study represents a novel contribution to the field of ZnO-based luminescent materials.
Time-resolved characteristics of a nanosecond pulsed multi-hollow needle plate packed bed dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: QIN 秦 Liang 亮 , LI 李 Yao 瑶 , GUO 郭 Hao 浩 , JIANG 姜 Nan 楠 , SONG 宋 Ying 颖 , JIA 贾 Rui 锐 , ZHOU 周 Xiongfeng 雄峰 , YUAN 袁 Hao 皓 , YANG 杨 Dezheng 德正
Published: March 2024

In this paper, self-designed multi-hollow needle electrodes are used as a high-voltage electrode in a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor to facilitate fast gas flow through the active discharge area and achieve large-volume stable discharge. The dynamic characteristics of the plasma, the generated active species, and the energy transfer mechanisms in both positive discharge (PD) and negative discharge (ND) are investigated by using fast-exposure intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) images and time-resolved optical emission spectra. The experimental results show that the discharge intensity, number of discharge channels, and discharge volume are obviously enhanced when the multi-needle electrode is replaced by a multi-hollow needle electrode. During a single voltage pulse period, PD mainly develops in a streamer mode, which results in a stronger discharge current, luminous intensity, and E/N compared with the diffuse mode observed in ND. In PD, as the gap between dielectric beads changes from 0 to 250 μm, the discharge between the dielectric bead gap changes from a partial discharge to a standing filamentary micro-discharge, which allows the plasma to leave the local area and is conducive to the propagation of surface streamers. In ND, the discharge only appears as a diffusion-like mode between the gap of dielectric beads, regardless of whether there is a discharge gap. Moreover, the generation of excited states

and

is mainly observed in PD, which is attributed to the higher E/N in PD than that in ND. However, the generation of the

radical in ND is higher than in PD. It is not directly dominated by E/N, but mainly by the resonant energy transfer process between metastable

and

. Furthermore, both PD and ND demonstrate obvious energy relaxation processes of electron-to-vibration and vibration-to-vibration, and no vibration-to-rotation energy relaxation process is observed.
On automorphisms of quantum Schubert cells
Authors: Johnson Garrett , Melikyan Hayk
Published: March 2024

Automorphisms of the quantum Schubert cell algebras

U

q
±

[
w
]

{\mathcal U}_q^\pm [w]

of De Concini, Kac, Procesi and Lusztig and their restrictions to some key invariant subalgebras are studied. We develop some general rigidity results and apply them to completely determine the automorphism group in several cases.

We focus primarily on those cases when the underlying Lie algebra

g

\mathfrak {g}

is finite dimensional and simple with rank

r
>
1

r > 1

, and

w
w

is a parabolic element of the Weyl group, say

w
=

w
o
J

w
o

w = w_o^Jw_o

, for some nonempty subset

J
J

of simple roots. Here,

U

q
±

[
w
]

{\mathcal U}_q^\pm [w]

is a deformation of the universal enveloping algebra of the nilradical of a parabolic subalgebra of

g

\mathfrak {g}

. In this setting we conjecture that, with the exception of two specific low rank cases, the automorphism group of

U

q

±

[
w
]

{\mathcal U}_q^{\pm }[w]

is the semidirect product of an algebraic torus of rank

r
r

with the group of Dynkin diagram symmetries that preserve

J
J

. This conjecture is a more general form of the Launois-Lenagan and Andruskiewitsch-Dumas conjectures regarding the automorphism groups of the algebras of quantum matrices and the algebras

U

q
+

(

g

)

{\mathcal U}_q^+(\mathfrak {g})

, respectively. We completely determine the automorphism group in several instances, including all cases when

g

\mathfrak {g}

is of type

F
4

F_4

or

G
2

G_2

, as well as those cases when the quantum Schubert cell algebras are the algebras of quantum symmetric matrices.
Mathematical analysis and a nonstandard scheme for a model of the immune response against COVID-19
Authors: Costa Gustavo , Lobosco Marcelo , Ehrhardt Matthias , Reis Ruy
Published: March 2024

In this work, we consider a compartmental model to describe the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The model considers the primary cells involved in the body’s immune response, antigen-presenting cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, IgM and IgG antibodies, proinflammatory cytokines, and infected cells of the immune system. The resulting system consists of 15 ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with 38 parameters.

For the numerical solution of this rather large ODE system, we develop a special non-standard finite difference (NSFD) scheme that preserves the positivity of the solutions.
A genetic-epidemiology modeling framework for malaria mosquitoes and disease
Authors: Mohammed-Awel Jemal , Gumel Abba
Published: March 2024

The large-scale and widespread use of insecticide-based mosquito control has resulted in a dramatic reduction of malaria burden in endemic areas over the last two decades, prompting a renewed concerted global effort to eradicate malaria. Such a widespread and large-scale use of insecticides has, however, resulted in the emergence of insecticide resistance in the endemic areas. This study presents a genetic-epidemiology mathematical modeling framework for assessing the impacts of insecticide resistance on the population abundance of malaria mosquitoes and disease. In particular, two mathematical models are presented. In the first model, insecticide resistance is determined by a single gene with one allele (monoploid), and in the second resistance is determined by a single gene with two alleles (diploid). The models, which take the form of deterministic system of nonlinear differential equations, are rigorously analysed to gain insight into the asymptotic stability properties of their associated non-trivial disease-free equilibria. These analyses revealed that, for each of the two models, the associated generalized non-trivial co-existent disease-free equilibrium is globally-asymptotically stable for a special case (with negligible disease-induced mortality in the human host population) if the corresponding reproduction number of the model is less than unity (the parameters related to the fitness costs of insecticide resistance play a major role in bringing, and maintaining, the value of the reproduction numbers below one). Using numerical simulations, we identified two scenarios, in parameter space, where malaria can be eliminated or persist in the population even when all mosquitoes are fully resistant at steady-state. The study shows that the prospect for malaria elimination is promising using existing insecticide-based mosquito control interventions. It further emphasizes the need to generate the genotype-specific laboratory and field mosquito data needed for more realistic estimation of the parameters related to the fitness costs of insecticide resistance in malaria mosquitoes.
Not just sugar: metabolic control of neutrophil development and effector functions
Authors: Ettel Paul , Weichhart Thomas
Published: March 2024

The mammalian immune system is constantly surveying our tissues to clear pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis. In order to fulfill these tasks, immune cells take up nutrients to supply energy for survival and for directly regulating effector functions via their cellular metabolism, a process now known as immunometabolism. Neutrophilic granulocytes, the most abundant leukocytes in the human body, have a short half-life and are permanently needed in the defense against pathogens. According to a long-standing view, neutrophils were thought to primarily fuel their metabolic demands via glycolysis. Yet, this view has been challenged, as other metabolic pathways recently emerged to contribute to neutrophil homeostasis and effector functions. In particular during neutrophilic development, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation crucially promote neutrophil maturation. At steady state, both glucose and lipid metabolism sustain neutrophil survival and maintain the intracellular redox balance. This review aims to comprehensively discuss how neutrophilic metabolism adapts during development, which metabolic pathways fuel their functionality, and how these processes are reconfigured in case of various diseases. We provide several examples of hereditary diseases, in which mutations in metabolic enzymes validate their critical role for neutrophil function.
Accounting for age: uncovering the nuanced drivers of mammal body-size responses to climate change
Authors: Theriot Miranda K , Olson Link E , Lanier Hayley C
Published: March 2024

Shifts in mean body size coinciding with environmental change are well documented across animal species and populations, serving as a widespread and complex indicator of climate-change response. In mammal research, identifying and disentangling the potential drivers of these trends (e.g., thermoregulation, resource availability) is hindered by treating adult size as fixed, ignoring morphological changes that occur throughout life in many species. However, observed population-level size trends may reflect underlying shifts in age structure (i.e., change in the proportion of older, potentially larger individuals in the population). Here, we assessed the role of age structure by explicitly evaluating age as a contributor to temporal variation in skull size (a proxy for body size) in 2 carnivorans, Canadian Lynx (Lynx canadensis) and American Marten (Martes americana). Using a series of linear and nonlinear models, we tested age in years (determined by cementum-layer analysis) as a predictor of skull size alongside other factors previously proposed to be important drivers of body-size trends, including population density for lynx and growing season conditions for martens. In both species, age was a significant predictor of skull size indicating a rapid year-to-year increase in young adult size that diminished in later adulthood. However, temporal shifts in age structure alone did not explain the observed changes in size over time, indicating that age structure acts in concert with other as-yet unidentified factors to drive body-size change. By explicitly evaluating the role of age, we can both refine models of temporal body-size trends and gain insights into size change as a signal of underlying demographic shifts—such as age-specific survivorship—providing a more holistic understanding of how mammals are responding to climate change.
Unusual metastasis after radical cystectomy: case report
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed H , Mardnly Fadel , Ghrer Mohamad , Alia Louei , Assad Lina W
Published: March 2024

Cutaneous metastasis of urothelial carcinoma after radical cystectomy is extremely rare. We present the case of a 57-year-old man who underwent a radical cystectomy with ileal conduit for the presence of a bladder tumor. He developed a cheek lesion after 2 months, which was diagnosed as a metastatic nodule along with bone metastases from high-grade bladder urothelial carcinoma. This nodule was treated with surgical removal with subsequent chemotherapy, but he succumbed after 10 months due to widespread metastatic disease.
Building stellar bulges and halo cores from massive clumps observed in the DYNAMO-HST sample
Authors: Hashim Mahmoud , El-Zant Amr A , Del Popolo Antonino
Published: March 2024

We present N-body simulations of the process of bulge formation in disc galaxies due to inward migration of massive stellar clumps. The process is accompanied by dark halo heating, with a quasi-isothermal core replacing the initial central density cusp, transforming an initially dark matter dominated central region into a baryon dominated one. The characteristics of the clumps are chosen to be compatible with low redshift observations of stellar clumps in DYNAMO-HST galaxies, which may be relatively long lived in terms of being robust against internal starburst-instigated disruption. We thus test for disruption due to tidal stripping using different clump internal radial profiles; Plummer, Hernquist, and Jaffe, in ascending order of see per central density profile. Our calculations predict that in order for clump migration to be effective in building galactic bulges and dark halo cores, steeply increasing central clump profiles, or a less massive or less concentrated haloes, are preferred. The dependence on such factors may contribute to the diversity in observed total mass distributions and resulting rotation curves in galaxies. When the process is most efficient, a ‘bulge-halo conspiracy’, with a singular isothermal total density akin to that observed bright galaxies, results.
An Investigation of Pediatric Case-patients With Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Alaska, 2005–2011
Authors: Nolen Leisha Diane , Bulkow Lisa , Singleton Rosalyn , Hurlburt Debbie , Debyle Carolyn , Rudolph Karen , Hammitt Laura L. , Hennessy Thomas W. , Bruce Michael G.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) can cause severe disease in children. This study aimed to identify risk factors related to invasive Hi disease in Alaska children and evaluate carriage in people around them.

Methods:

From 2005 to 2011, we investigated episodes of invasive, typeable Hi disease in Alaska children <10 years old. Three age-matched control children were enrolled for each case-patient. We evaluated oropharyngeal Hi carriage in people in close contact with Hi case-patients (contacts) as well as control children and their household members. Individual and household risk factors for illness and carriage were evaluated using questionnaires and chart reviews.

Results:

Thirty-eight of 44 (86%) children with invasive, typeable Hi disease were recruited: 20 Hi serotype a (53%), 13 serotype b (Hib) (34%) and 5 serotype f (13%). Children with the invasive Hi disease were more likely than controls to have underlying health problems (67% vs. 24%, P = 0.001), other carriers of any Hi in their household (61% vs. 15%, P < 0.001), and inadequate Hib vaccination (26% vs. 9%, P = 0.005). People who carried Hi were younger than noncarriers (mean 12.7 vs. 18.0 years, P = 0.008). The carriage was clustered within case-patient households, with carriage in 19% of household contacts, while only 6.3% of nonhousehold contacts and 5.5% of noncontacts carried the Hi serotype of interest (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Factors associated with invasive Hi disease in children included underlying health problems, household carriage and inadequate Hib vaccination. The high level of carriage in case-patient households is important to consider when evaluating treatment and prophylaxis strategies.
Genomic analysis of clinical Aeromonas isolates reveals genetic diversity but little evidence of genetic determinants for diarrhoeal disease
Authors: Klemm Elizabeth J. , Nisar Muhammad Imran , Bawn Matt , Nasrin Dilruba , Qamar Farah Naz , Page Andrew , Qadri Farheen , Shakoor Sadia , Zaidi Anita KM , Levine Myron M. , Dougan Gordon , Kingsley Robert A.
Published: March 2024

Aeromonas spp. are associated with a number of infectious syndromes in humans including gastroenteritis and dysentery. Our understanding of the genetic diversity, population structure, virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance of the genus has been limited by a lack of sequenced genomes linked to metadata. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the whole genome sequences of 447 Aeromonas isolates from children in Karachi, Pakistan, with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) and from matched controls without diarrhoea that were collected as part of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS). Human-associated Aeromonas isolates exhibited high species diversity and extensive antimicrobial and virulence gene content. Aeromonas caviae, A. dhankensis, A. veronii and A. enteropelogenes were all significantly associated with MSD in at least one cohort group. The maf2 and lafT genes that encode components of polar and lateral flagella, respectively, exhibited a weak association with isolates originating from cases of gastroenteritis.