bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A critical review of on-farm food loss and waste: future research and policy recommendations
Authors: O'Connor Jessica , Skeaff Sheila , Bremer Phil , Lucci Gina , Mirosa Miranda
Published: May 2023

On-farm food loss and waste is estimated to be 16% of the total agricultural-related greenhouse gas emissions globally, and reductions in these emissions have the potential to make a significant impact on climate change. There is a plethora of research being undertaken in this area across countries, food supply chains and stakeholders. However, differences in definitions, quantification methods, understanding of drivers and proposed solutions can be difficult to navigate. This narrative review provides a critical overview of the current research landscape of on-farm food loss and waste. The review has two objectives. Firstly, it provides a stock-take of on-farm food loss and waste definitions, quantification methods, causes and management options. Secondly, it provides researchers, policy makers and industry stakeholders with recommendations on opportunities to be pursued.
Ernährung und Demenz – Demenz und Ernährung
Authors: Volkert Dorothee
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung: Ernährungsaspekte spielen sowohl bei der Prävention von Demenzerkrankungen als auch in deren Verlauf eine wichtige Rolle. Zwischen kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen und der Ernährung besteht dabei eine wechselseitige Beziehung. Präventiv zählt die Ernährung zu den potentiell modifizierbaren Risikofaktoren für die Krankheitsentstehung, da sie auf vielfältige Weise sowohl die Strukturen als auch die Funktionalität des Gehirns beeinflussen kann. Eine an der traditionell mediterranen beziehungsweise an einer allgemein gesund erhaltenden Ernährung orientierte Lebensmittelauswahl scheint dabei auch zum Erhalt der kogitiven Funktionalität vorteilhaft zu sein. Im Verlauf einer Demenzerkrankung führen diverse Krankheitssymptome früher oder später zu Ernährungsproblemen, die eine abwechlsungsreiche, bedarfsgerechte Ernährung erschweren und mit einem erhöhten Risiko für eine qualitativ und quantitativ ungenügende Ernährung verbunden sind. Um einen guten Ernährungszustand bei Personen mit Demenz möglichst lange aufrecht zu erhalten, ist die frühzeitige Erkennung von Ernährungsproblemen elementar. Strategien zur Prävention und Therapie beinhalten die Beseitigung potentieller Ursachen von Mangelernährung sowie diverse unterstützende Massnahmen zur Förderung einer ausreichenden Essmenge. Die Ernährung selbst kann durch ein attraktives, vielseitiges Essensangebot, zusätzliche Zwischenmahlzeiten, Anreicherung der Speisen mit Energie und Nährstoffen und durch Trinknahrung unterstützt werden. Die enterale oder parenterale Nährstoffgabe sollte dagegen begründeten Ausnahmefällen vorbehalten sein.
Nicht pharmakologische Therapien bei Demenz
Authors: Tesky Valentina A. , Schall Arthur , Pantel Johannes
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung: Nicht medikamentöse Interventionen für Menschen mit Demenz sollen die Lebensqualität und das Wohlbefinden steigern, psychopathologische und Verhaltenssymptome lindern und auch den versorgenden Angehörigen Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten und Resilienz-Förderung bieten. Vor dem Hintergrund der ausbleibenden Erfolge im Bereich der pharmakologisch-therapeutischen Forschung haben diese Ansätze zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Es handelt sich um eine aktuelle Übersicht der wichtigsten nicht medikamentösen Interventionen für Menschen mit Demenz und diesbezügliche Empfehlungen zur therapeutischen Anwendung unter Berücksichtigung des aktuellen Forschungsstands und der AWMF-S3-Leitlinie «Demenzen». Die vielversprechendsten Interventionen aus diesem therapeutischen Spektrum sind Massnahmen zur Förderung zentraler kognitiver Funktionen, Angebote zur Steigerung und Stabilisierung des körperlichen Aktivitätsniveaus sowie kreativtherapeutische Angebote zur Förderung der Kommunikationsfähigkeit und sozialer Teilhabe. Inzwischen werden viele dieser psychosozialen Interventionen durch den Einsatz digitaler Zugänge weiterentwickelt. Gemeinsam ist ihnen, dass sie sich an den individuellen kognitiven und körperlichen Ressourcen der Betroffenen orientieren, Lebensqualität und Stimmung verbessern sowie Partizipation und Selbstwirksamkeit fördern sollen. Neben den psychosozialen Interventionen haben in den vergangenen Jahren auch ernährungsbezogene Ansätze («Medical Food») und nichtinvasive Neurostimulation Potenziale im Rahmen der nicht medikamentösen Demenz-Therapie erkennen lassen.
Statistical Survey of Magnetic Forces Associated With Earthward Bursty Bulk Flows Measured by MMS 2017–2021
Authors: Pitkänen T. , Chong G. S. , Hamrin M. , Kullen A. , Karlsson T. , Park J.‐S. , Nowada M. , Yao S. T. , Degeling A. W. , Tian A. M. , Shi Q. Q.
Published: May 2023

We investigate the magnetic forces (the magnetic pressure gradient force, the curvature force, and their sum the j × B‐force) associated with earthward bursty bulk flows (BBFs) using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data from five tail seasons (2017–2021). For the first time, the magnetic forces are inferred downtail of XGSM = −20 RE and in the GSM XY and YZ planes. The results suggest that BBFs tend to be accelerated earthward by the magnetic pressure gradient force tailward of ∼19 RE and decelerated closer to that distance in the 2017–2018 data. The force magnitudes increase with distance. This is in accordance with earlier Cluster results. In the 2019–2021 data, the pressure gradient force magnitudes are generally smaller and no clear distance for the acceleration reversal can be determined. The curvature forces for both 2017–2018 and 2019–2021 BBFs indicate earthward acceleration independent of distance, consistent with the Cluster measurements. The sum, the j × B‐force, suggests for the 2017–2018 BBFs earthward acceleration tailward of XGSM ∼15 RE and deceleration within that distance, also consistent with Cluster. In contrast, the 2019–2021 BBFs show general earthward acceleration by j × B independent of distance. In the GSM XY plane, the average (j × B)xy vectors are earthward, and in the premidnight and postmidnight dawnward for the 2017–2018 BBFs. For 2019–2021, the average (j × B)xy vectors have components toward the tail center. In the GSM YZ plane, the average (j × B)yz vectors are toward the neutral sheet.
The Influence of Bathymetry Over Heat Transport Onto the Amundsen Sea Continental Shelf
Authors: Haigh Michael , Holland Paul R. , Jenkins Adrian
Published: May 2023

Ice streams such as Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers which terminate at their ice shelves in the eastern Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica, are losing mass faster than most others about the continent. The mass loss is due to basal melting, which is influenced by a deep current that transports warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) from the continental shelf break toward the ice shelves. This current and associated heat transport are controlled by factors such as bottom bathymetry, near‐surface winds and meltwater. Using a realistic regional model as a reference, in this study we use idealized models to examine the role of bathymetric features in determining the shelf‐wide circulation and in enabling heat transport from the deep ocean onto the continental shelf. We find that a ridge that blocks deep westward inflow from the Bellingshausen Sea enables a deep cyclonic circulation on the shelf with an eastward undercurrent immediately south of the shelf break. Inclusion of the ridge enhances heat transport onto the continental shelf; without the ridge the flow features an along‐shelf break westward current that suppresses cross‐shelf break fluxes. We also consider the effects of shifting the prescribed wind forcing profile to the south—a simplified representation of future potential changes to the winds—and we find that the continental shelf is warmer in this scenario. These fundamental investigations will help refine the aims of future fieldwork and modeling.
The Response of Tidewater Glacier Termini Positions in Hornsund (Svalbard) to Climate Forcing, 1992–2020
Authors: Błaszczyk Małgorzata , Moskalik Mateusz , Grabiec Mariusz , Jania Jacek , Walczowski Waldemar , Wawrzyniak Tomasz , Strzelewicz Agnieszka , Malnes Eirik , Lauknes Tom Rune , Pfeffer W. Tad
Published: May 2023

Many Arctic marine‐terminating glaciers have undergone rapid retreats in recent decades. Seasonal and year‐to‐year variations in terminus position act on all tidewater glaciers, but the key controls on those changes vary from region to region. Here, we examined seasonal and decadal changes in termini positions of seven tidewater glaciers in the inner part of Hornsund, the southernmost fjord of Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago), based on a variety of data from 1992 to 2020. Combining satellite imagery, basic meteorological data (air temperature, positive degree day index (PDD), liquid precipitation), sea surface temperature (SST), mean temperature in the glacier forefield bays, fast sea ice cover, and bathymetry near the glacier front, we examined the influence of potential controlling parameters on interannual and seasonal variability of the glacier termini. We found regional synchrony between terminus advance/retreat and climate variables. At a regional scale, annual fluctuation changes are related to PDD and SST, while summer fluctuations are linked to PDD, although individual glaciers are shown to have differing sensitivities to potential climate drivers. We also found that the retreat period in Hornsund generally lasts from June to October‐December. Onset of the retreat is related to sea and air temperature, and in some cases follows the disappearance of the ice cover. These results indicate that the expected increase in meltwater runoff in Svalbard, the input of relatively warm Atlantic water to the fjord, and the increasing trend of longer summer and warmer winter periods will have implications for glacier velocity and frontal ablation.
Strong Effect of Stress on the Seismic Signature of the Post‐Stishovite Phase Transition in the Earth's Lower Mantle
Authors: Wang Biao , Buchen Johannes , Méndez Alba San José , Kurnosov Alexander , Criniti Giacomo , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Marquardt Hauke
Published: May 2023

The stishovite to post‐stishovite phase transition may modify the scattering of seismic waves by stishovite‐bearing rocks in the Earth's lower mantle. A series of continuous compression experiments on sintered polycrystalline stishovite was performed to study the effect of stress on the phase transition. The experimental results show that the phase transition shifts to lower pressures as the magnitude of deviatoric stress increases. Our results further show that the bulk modulus of sintered polycrystalline stishovite differs from that derived from single crystal measurements and decreases at the phase transition. In cold regions, such as subducted slabs, stresses may accumulate and shift the phase transition to a shallower depth. In hot regions with less stress, such as rising plumes, the phase transition is shifted to a greater depth. In addition, the phase transition may have varying seismic signatures depending on the behavior of the grain boundaries in mantle rocks and the micro‐stresses present in neighboring grains.
Quantifying the Degree of Eddy Quasi‐Geostrophy by Generalizing Rossby Deformation
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Chen Ge
Published: May 2023

The quasi‐geostrophy (QG) of oceanic eddies is scientifically challenging and observationally puzzling because of its marginally balanced yet resolvable nature. Here a quantitative analysis on the degree of eddy QG is carried out using altimetric sea surface height data from multiple missions. We propose a metric of Rossby period of deformation (Td) as an extension to the Rossby radius of deformation (Rd) and its related phase speed of the first baroclinic Rossby wave (Cd) which satisfies Td = Rd/Cd, implying that any robust eddy with a length scale of ∼Rd is supposed to survive for a period longer than the Rossby period ∼Td under an average propagation speed of ∼Cd if a quasi‐geostrophic balance can be maintained. In terms of a generalized Rossby deformation with regards to Rd, Td, and Cd, three indices are defined as baselines to characterize the spatial, temporal, and dynamic aspects of eddy QG according to their effective size, actual lifetime, and propagation speed, respectively.
Day‐To‐Day Quantification of Changes in Global Lightning Activity Based on Schumann Resonances
Authors: Bozóki T. , Sátori G. , Williams E. , Guha A. , Liu Y. , Steinbach P. , Leal A. , Herein M. , Atkinson M. , Beggan C. D. , DiGangi E. , Koloskov A. , Kulak A. , LaPierre J. , Milling D. K. , Mlynarczyk J. , Neska A. , Potapov A. , Raita T. , Rawat R. , Said R. , Sinha A. K. , Yampolski Y.
Published: May 2023

The importance of lightning has long been recognized from the point of view of climate‐related phenomena. However, the detailed investigation of lightning on global scales is currently hindered by the incomplete and spatially uneven detection efficiency of ground‐based global lightning detection networks and by the restricted spatio‐temporal coverage of satellite observations. We are developing different methods for investigating global lightning activity based on Schumann resonance (SR) measurements. SRs are global electromagnetic resonances of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity maintained by the vertical component of lightning. Since charge separation in thunderstorms is gravity‐driven, charge is typically separated vertically in thunderclouds, so every lightning flash contributes to the measured SR field. This circumstance makes SR measurements very suitable for climate‐related investigations. In this study, 19 days of global lightning activity in January 2019 are analyzed based on SR intensity records from 18 SR stations and the results are compared with independent lightning observations provided by ground‐based (WWLLN, GLD360, and ENTLN) and satellite‐based (GLM, LIS/OTD) global lightning detection. Daily average SR intensity records from different stations exhibit strong similarity in the investigated time interval. The inferred intensity of global lightning activity varies by a factor of 2–3 on the time scale of 3–5 days which we attribute to continental‐scale temperature changes related to cold air outbreaks from polar regions. While our results demonstrate that the SR phenomenon is a powerful tool to investigate global lightning, it is also clear that currently available technology limits the detailed quantitative evaluation of lightning activity on continental scales.
The Northern and Southern Hemispheric Asymmetries of Mesospheric Ozone at High Latitudes During the January 2012 Solar Proton Events
Authors: Xiong Shiping , Li Jingyuan , Wei Guanchun , Lu Jianyong , Tian Yufeng , Zhang Xiaoping , Fu Shuai , Sun Meng , Li Zheng , Zhang Hua , Cui Jingqi , Jiang Shuwen , Yang Chaolei
Published: May 2023

Observations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) and simulations by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model‐eXtended (WACCM‐X) are used to analyze the impacts of the January 2012 solar proton events (SPEs) on mesospheric ozone at high latitudes. The mesospheric ozone at high latitudes decreased evidently with the increasing proton flux and ionization rates during SPEs. The results of SABER and WACCM‐X both showed that maximum mesospheric ozone depletion reached 100% in the North Hemispheric (NH) high latitudes during SPEs while only 40% in the South Hemispheric (SH) high latitudes. The SPEs‐caused ozone changes simply occurred below 85 km and the ozone changes observed by SABER above 85 km may be associated with day‐to‐day variations. WACCM‐X simulations showed NOx (N, NO, and NO2) increased over 600% in both the northern and southern high latitudes during SPEs, while HOx (H, OH, and HO2) increased over 300% in the NH high latitudes and only over 30% in the SH high latitudes. HOx is the main ozone‐depleting substance because the reactions of NOx are less capable of depleting ozone than the reactions of HOx. Due to the difference in sunlight between the northern and southern hemispheres, ozone, HOx, and NOx exhibited significant northern and southern hemispheric asymmetries. Meanwhile, an increase in ozone after the SPEs was reported but not explained by previous studies. Here it is shown that the decreases in the HOx caused the increases in ozone after the SPEs.
NICUs in the US: levels of acuity, number of beds, and relationships to population factors
Authors: Pineda Roberta , Kati Knudsen  , Breault Courtney C. , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Mack Wendy J. , Fernandez-Fernandez Alicia
Published: May 2023

Objective

To 1) define the number and characteristics of NICUs in the United States (US) and 2) identify hospital and population characteristics related to US NICUs.

Study design

Cohort study of US NICUs.

Results

There were 1424 NICUs identified in the US. Higher number of NICU beds was positively associated with higher NICU level (p < 0.0001). Higher acuity level and number of NICU beds related to being in a children’s hospital (p < 0.0001;p < 0.0001), part of an academic center (p = 0.006;p = 0.001), and in a state with Certificate of Need legislation (p = 0.023;p = 0.046). Higher acuity level related to higher population density (p < 0.0001), and higher number of beds related to increasing proportions of minorities in the population up until 50% minorities. There was also significant variation in NICU level by region.

Conclusions

This study contributes new knowledge by describing an updated registry of NICUs in the US in 2021 that can be used for comparisons and benchmarking.
Impaired humoral immunity to BQ.1.1 in convalescent and vaccinated patients
Authors: Dewald Felix , Pirkl Martin , Paluschinski Martha , Kühn Joachim , Elsner Carina , Schulte Bianca , Knüfer Jacqueline , Ahmadov Elvin , Schlotz Maike , Oral Göksu , Bernhard Michael , Michael Mark , Luxenburger Maura , Andrée Marcel , Hennies Marc Tim , Hafezi Wali , Müller Marlin Maybrit , Kümpers Philipp , Risse Joachim , Kill Clemens , Manegold Randi Katrin , von Frantzki Ute , Richter Enrico , Emmert Dorian , Monzon-Posadas Werner O. , Gräff Ingo , Kogej Monika , Büning Antonia , Baum Maximilian , Teipel Finn , Mochtarzadeh Babak , Wolff Martin , Gruell Henning , Di Cristanziano Veronica , Burst Volker , Streeck Hendrik , Dittmer Ulf , Ludwig Stephan , Timm Jörg , Klein Florian
Published: May 2023

Determining SARS-CoV-2 immunity is critical to assess COVID-19 risk and the need for prevention and mitigation strategies. We measured SARS-CoV-2 Spike/Nucleocapsid seroprevalence and serum neutralizing activity against Wu01, BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 in a convenience sample of 1,411 patients receiving medical treatment in the emergency departments of five university hospitals in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in August/September 2022. 62% reported underlying medical conditions and 67.7% were vaccinated according to German COVID-19 vaccination recommendations (13.9% fully vaccinated, 54.3% one booster, 23.4% two boosters). We detected Spike-IgG in 95.6%, Nucleocapsid-IgG in 24.0%, and neutralization against Wu01, BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 in 94.4%, 85.0%, and 73.8% of participants, respectively. Neutralization against BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 was 5.6- and 23.4-fold lower compared to Wu01. Accuracy of S-IgG detection for determination of neutralizing activity against BQ.1.1 was reduced substantially. We explored previous vaccinations and infections as correlates of BQ.1.1 neutralization using multivariable and Bayesian network analyses. Given a rather moderate adherence to COVID-19 vaccination recommendations, this analysis highlights the need to improve vaccine-uptake to reduce the COVID-19 risk of immune evasive variants. The study was registered as clinical trial (DRKS00029414).
Molecular mechanism of hyperactivation conferred by a truncation of TRPA1
Authors: Bali Avnika , Schaefer Samantha P. , Trier Isabelle , Zhang Alice L. , Kabeche Lilian , Paulsen Candice E.
Published: May 2023

A drastic TRPA1 mutant (R919*) identified in CRAMPT syndrome patients has not been mechanistically characterized. Here, we show that the R919* mutant confers hyperactivity when co-expressed with wild type (WT) TRPA1. Using functional and biochemical assays, we reveal that the R919* mutant co-assembles with WT TRPA1 subunits into heteromeric channels in heterologous cells that are functional at the plasma membrane. The R919* mutant hyperactivates channels by enhancing agonist sensitivity and calcium permeability, which could account for the observed neuronal hypersensitivity-hyperexcitability symptoms. We postulate that R919* TRPA1 subunits contribute to heteromeric channel sensitization by altering pore architecture and lowering energetic barriers to channel activation contributed by the missing regions. Our results expand the physiological impact of nonsense mutations, reveal a genetically tractable mechanism for selective channel sensitization, uncover insights into the process of TRPA1 gating, and provide an impetus for genetic analysis of patients with CRAMPT or other stochastic pain syndromes.
Field-free spin-orbit torque switching via out-of-plane spin-polarization induced by an antiferromagnetic insulator/heavy metal interface
Authors: Wang Mengxi , Zhou Jun , Xu Xiaoguang , Zhang Tanzhao , Zhu Zhiqiang , Guo Zhixian , Deng Yibo , Yang Ming , Meng Kangkang , He Bin , Li Jialiang , Yu Guoqiang , Zhu Tao , Li Ang , Han Xiaodong , Jiang Yong
Published: May 2023

Manipulating spin polarization orientation is challenging but crucial for field-free spintronic devices. Although such manipulation has been demonstrated in a limited number of antiferromagnetic metal-based systems, the inevitable shunting effects from the metallic layer can reduce the overall device efficiency. In this study, we propose an antiferromagnetic insulator-based heterostructure NiO/Ta/Pt/Co/Pt for such spin polarization control without any shunting effect in the antiferromagnetic layer. We show that zero-field magnetization switching can be realized and is related to the out-of-plane component of spin polarization modulated by the NiO/Pt interface. The zero-field magnetization switching ratio can be effectively tuned by the substrates, in which the easy axis of NiO can be manipulated by the tensile or compressive strain from the substrates. Our work demonstrates that the insulating antiferromagnet based heterostructure is a promising platform to enhance the spin-orbital torque efficiency and achieve field-free magnetization switching, thus opening an avenue towards energy-efficient spintronic devices.
Impaired expression of metallothioneins contributes to allergen-induced inflammation in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Sirvent Sofia , Vallejo Andres F. , Corden Emma , Teo Ying , Davies James , Clayton Kalum , Seaby Eleanor G. , Lai Chester , Ennis Sarah , Alyami Rfeef , Douilhet Gemma , Dean Lareb S. N. , Loxham Matthew , Horswill Sarah , Healy Eugene , Roberts Graham , Hall Nigel J. , Friedmann Peter S. , Singh Harinder , Bennett Clare L. , Ardern-Jones Michael R , Polak Marta E.
Published: May 2023

Regulation of cutaneous immunity is severely compromised in inflammatory skin disease. To investigate the molecular crosstalk underpinning tolerance versus inflammation in atopic dermatitis, we utilise a human in vivo allergen challenge study, exposing atopic dermatitis patients to house dust mite. Here we analyse transcriptional programmes at the population and single cell levels in parallel with immunophenotyping of cutaneous immunocytes revealed a distinct dichotomy in atopic dermatitis patient responsiveness to house dust mite challenge. Our study shows that reactivity to house dust mite was associated with high basal levels of TNF-expressing cutaneous Th17 T cells, and documents the presence of hub structures where Langerhans cells and T cells co-localised. Mechanistically, we identify expression of metallothioneins and transcriptional programmes encoding antioxidant defences across all skin cell types, that appear to protect against allergen-induced inflammation. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MTIX gene are associated with patients who did not react to house dust mite, opening up possibilities for therapeutic interventions modulating metallothionein expression in atopic dermatitis.
Superior ferroelectricity and nonlinear optical response in a hybrid germanium iodide hexagonal perovskite
Authors: Ding Kun , Ye Haoshen , Su Changyuan , Xiong Yu-An , Du Guowei , You Yu-Meng , Zhang Zhi-Xu , Dong Shuai , Zhang Yi , Fu Da-Wei
Published: May 2023

Abundant chemical diversity and structural tunability make organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) a rich ore for ferroelectrics. However, compared with their inorganic counterparts such as BaTiO3, their ferroelectric key properties, including large spontaneous polarization (Ps), low coercive field (Ec), and strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response, have long been great challenges, which hinder their commercial applications. Here, a quasi-one-dimensional OIHP DMAGeI3(DMA = Dimethylamine) is reported, with notable ferroelectric attributes at room temperature: a largePsof 24.14 μC/cm2(on a par with BaTiO3), a lowEcbelow 2.2 kV/cm, and the strongest SHG intensity in OIHP family (about 12 times of KH2PO4(KDP)). Revealed by the first-principles calculations, its largePsoriginates from the synergistic effects of the stereochemically active 4s2lone pair of Ge2+and the ordering of organic cations, and its low kinetic energy barrier of small DMA cations results in a lowEc. Our work brings the comprehensive ferroelectric performances of OIHPs to a comparable level with commercial inorganic ferroelectric perovskites.
Surface modification using heptafluorobutyric acid to produce highly stable Li metal anodes
Authors: Xie Yuxiang , Huang Yixin , Zhang Yinggan , Wu Tairui , Liu Shishi , Sun Miaolan , Lee Bruce , Lin Zhen , Chen Hui , Dai Peng , Huang Zheng , Yang Jian , Shi Chenguang , Wu Deyin , Huang Ling , Hua Yingjie , Wang Chongtai , Sun Shigang
Published: May 2023

The Li metal is an ideal anode material owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrode potential. However, its high reactivity and dendritic growth in carbonate-based electrolytes limit its application. To address these issues, we propose a novel surface modification technique using heptafluorobutyric acid. In-situ spontaneous reaction between Li and the organic acid generates a lithiophilic interface of lithium heptafluorobutyrate for dendrite-free uniform Li deposition, which significantly improves the cycle stability (Li/Li symmetric cells >1200 h at 1.0 mA cm−2) and Coulombic efficiency (>99.3%) in conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. This lithiophilic interface also enables full batteries to achieve 83.2% capacity retention over 300 cycles under realistic testing condition. Lithium heptafluorobutyrate interface acts as an electrical bridge for uniform lithium-ion flux between Li anode and plating Li, which minimizes the occurrence of tortuous lithium dendrites and lowers interface impedance.
Generalization of the mixed-space cluster expansion method for arbitrary lattices
Authors: Wang Kang , Cheng Du , Zhou Bi-Cheng
Published: May 2023

Mixed-space cluster expansion (MSCE), a first-principles method to simultaneously model the configuration-dependent short-ranged chemical and long-ranged strain interactions in alloy thermodynamics, has been successfully applied to binary FCC and BCC alloys. However, the previously reported MSCE method is limited to binary alloys with cubic crystal symmetry on a single sublattice. In the current work, MSCE is generalized to systems with multiple sublattices by formulating compatible reciprocal space interactions and combined with a crystal-symmetry-agnostic algorithm for the calculation of constituent strain energy. This generalized approach is then demonstrated in a hypothetical HCP system and Mg-Zn alloys. The current MSCE can significantly improve the accuracy of the energy parameterization and account for all the fully relaxed structures regardless of lattice distortion. The generalized MSCE method makes it possible to simultaneously analyze the short- and long-ranged configuration-dependent interactions in crystalline materials with arbitrary lattices with the accuracy of typical first-principles methods.
An automated workflow for multi-omics screening of microbial model organisms
Authors: Donati Stefano , Mattanovich Matthias , Hjort Pernille , Jacobsen Simo Abdessamad Baallal , Blomquist Sarah Dina , Mangaard Drude , Gurdo Nicolas , Pastor Felix Pacheco , Maury Jérôme , Hanke Rene , Herrgård Markus J. , Wulff Tune , Jakočiūnas Tadas , Nielsen Lars Keld , McCloskey Douglas
Published: May 2023

Multi-omics datasets are becoming of key importance to drive discovery in fundamental research as much as generating knowledge for applied biotechnology. However, the construction of such large datasets is usually time-consuming and expensive. Automation might enable to overcome these issues by streamlining workflows from sample generation to data analysis. Here, we describe the construction of a complex workflow for the generation of high-throughput microbial multi-omics datasets. The workflow comprises a custom-built platform for automated cultivation and sampling of microbes, sample preparation protocols, analytical methods for sample analysis and automated scripts for raw data processing. We demonstrate possibilities and limitations of such workflow in generating data for three biotechnologically relevant model organisms, namely Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Pseudomonas putida.
FAIR in action - a flexible framework to guide FAIRification
Authors: Welter Danielle , Juty Nick , Rocca-Serra Philippe , Xu Fuqi , Henderson David , Gu Wei , Strubel Jolanda , Giessmann Robert T. , Emam Ibrahim , Gadiya Yojana , Abbassi-Daloii Tooba , Alharbi Ebtisam , Gray Alasdair J. G. , Courtot Melanie , Gribbon Philip , Ioannidis Vassilios , Reilly Dorothy S. , Lynch Nick , Boiten Jan-Willem , Satagopam Venkata , Goble Carole , Sansone Susanna-Assunta , Burdett Tony
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data more than any other scientific challenge to date. We developed a flexible, multi-level, domain-agnostic FAIRification framework, providing practical guidance to improve the FAIRness for both existing and future clinical and molecular datasets. We validated the framework in collaboration with several major public-private partnership projects, demonstrating and delivering improvements across all aspects of FAIR and across a variety of datasets and their contexts. We therefore managed to establish the reproducibility and far-reaching applicability of our approach to FAIRification tasks.
iOBPdb A Database for Experimentally Determined Functional Characterization of Insect Odorant Binding Proteins
Authors: Shukla Shalabh , Nakano-Baker Oliver , Godin Dennis , MacKenzie Devin , Sarikaya Mehmet
Published: May 2023

Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are extra-cellular proteins that solubilize and transport volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Thousands of OBPs have been identified through genome sequencing, and hundreds have been characterized by fluorescence ligand binding assays in individual studies. There is a limited understanding of the comparative structure-function relations of OBPs, primarily due to a lack of a centralized database that relates OBP binding affinity and structure. Combining 181 functional studies containing 382 unique OBPs from 91 insect species, we present a database, iOBPdb, of OBP binding affinities for 622 individual VOC targets. This initial database provides powerful search and associative capabilities for retrieving and analyzing OBP-VOC binding interaction data. We have validated this dataset using phylogenetic mapping to determine the authenticity of the collected sequences and whether they cluster according to their assigned subfamilies. Potential applications include developing molecular probes for biosensors, novel bioassays and drugs, targeted pesticides that inhibit VOC/OBP interactions, and understanding odor sensing and perception in the brain.
Race and ethnicity data for first, middle, and surnames
Authors: Rosenman Evan T. R. , Olivella Santiago , Imai Kosuke
Published: May 2023

We provide the largest compiled publicly available dictionaries of first, middle, and surnames for the purpose of imputing race and ethnicity using, for example, Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG). The dictionaries are based on the voter files of six U.S. Southern States that collect self-reported racial data upon voter registration. Our data cover the racial make-up of a larger set of names than any comparable dataset, containing 136 thousand first names, 125 thousand middle names, and 338 thousand surnames. Individuals are categorized into five mutually exclusive racial and ethnic groups — White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Other — and racial/ethnic probabilities by name are provided for every name in each dictionary. We provide both probabilities of the form ℙ(race|name) and ℙ(name|race), and conditions under which they can be assumed to be representative of a given target population. These conditional probabilities can then be deployed for imputation in a data analytic task for which self-reported racial and ethnic data is not available.
The chromosome-level genome assembly and genes involved in biosynthesis of nervonic acid of Malania oleifera
Authors: Yang Tianquan , Zhang Rengang , Tian Xiaoling , Yao Gang , Shen Yuanting , Wang Sihai , Mao Jianfeng , Li Guangyuan , Liu Aizhong , Sun Weibang , Ma Yongpeng
Published: May 2023

Nervonic acid (C24:1 Δ15, NA) is a very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid, a clinically indispensable resource in maintaining the brain and nerve cells development and regeneration. Till now, NA has been found in 38 plant species, among which the garlic-fruit tree (Malania oleifera) has been evaluated to be the best candidate for NA production. Here, we generated a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of M. oleifera employing PacBio long-read, short-read Illumina as well as Hi-C sequencing data. The genome assembly consisted of 1.5 Gb with a contig N50 of ~4.9 Mb and a scaffold N50 of ~112.6 Mb. ~98.2% of the assembly was anchored into 13 pseudo-chromosomes. It contains ~1123 Mb repeat sequences, and 27,638 protein-coding genes, 568 tRNAs, 230 rRNAs and 352 other non-coding RNAs. Additionally, we documented candidate genes involved in NA biosynthesis including 20 KCSs, 4 KCRs, 1 HCD and 1 ECR, and profiled the expression patterns of these genes in developing seeds. The high-quality assembly of the genome provides insights into the genome evolution of the M. oleifera genome and candidate genes involved in NA biosynthesis in the seeds of this important woody tree.
Vegetation photosynthetic phenology dataset in northern terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Fang Jing , Li Xing , Xiao Jingfeng , Yan Xiaodong , Li Bolun , Liu Feng
Published: May 2023

Vegetation phenology can profoundly modulate the climate-biosphere interactions and thus plays a crucial role in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle and the climate. However, most previous phenology studies rely on traditional vegetation indices, which are inadequate to characterize the seasonal activity of photosynthesis. Here, we generated an annual vegetation photosynthetic phenology dataset with a spatial resolution of 0.05 degrees from 2001 to 2020, using the latest gross primary productivity product based on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (GOSIF-GPP). We combined smoothing splines with multiple change-point detection to retrieve the phenology metrics: start of the growing season (SOS), end of the growing season (EOS), and length of growing season (LOS) for terrestrial ecosystems above 30° N latitude (Northern Biomes). Our phenology product can be used to validate and develop phenology or carbon cycle models and monitor the climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems.
A global dataset of sequence, diversity and biosafety recommendation of arbovirus and arthropod-specific virus
Authors: Huang Ying , Wang Shunlong , Liu Hong , Atoni Evans , Wang Fei , Chen Wei , Li Zhaolin , Rodriguez Sergio , Yuan Zhiming , Ming Zhaoyan , Xia Han
Published: May 2023

Arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) and arthropod-specific virus (ASV) are viruses circulating amongst hematophagous arthropods that are broadly transmitted in ecological systems. Arbovirus may replicate in both vertebrates and invertebrates and some are known to be pathogenic to animals or humans. ASV only replicate in invertebrate arthropods yet they are basal to many types of arboviruses. We built a comprehensive dataset of arbovirus and ASV by curating globally available data from the Arbovirus Catalog, the arbovirus list in Section VIII-F of the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories 6th edition, Virus Metadata Resource of International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, and GenBank. Revealing the diversity, distribution and biosafety recommendation of arbovirus and ASV at a global scale is essential to the understanding of potential interactions, evolution, and risks associated with these viruses. Moreover, the genomic sequences associated with the dataset will enable the investigation of genetic patterns distinguishing the two groups, as well as aid in predicting the vector/host relationships of the newly discovered viruses.
Invasive alien species of policy concerns show widespread patterns of invasion and potential pressure across European ecosystems
Authors: Polce Chiara , Cardoso Ana Cristina , Deriu Ivan , Gervasini Eugenio , Tsiamis Konstantinos , Vigiak Olga , Zulian Grazia , Maes Joachim
Published: May 2023

Animals, plants, and other organisms unintentionally or deliberately brought into a natural environment where they are not normally found, and where they cause harmful effects on that environment, are known also as invasive alien species (IAS). They represent a major threat to native biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and can affect negatively human health and the economy. We assessed the presence and potential pressure by IAS on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems across 27 European countries, for 66 IAS of policy concern. We computed a spatial indicator that accounts for the number of IAS present in an area and the extent of the ecosystems affected; for each ecosystem, we also looked at the pattern of invasions in the different biogeographical regions. We found disproportionally greater invasion in the Atlantic region, followed by Continental and Mediterranean regions, possibly related to historical patterns of first introductions. Urban and freshwater ecosystems were the most invaded (nearly 68% and ca. 52% of their extent respectively), followed by forest and woodland (nearly 44%). The average potential pressure of IAS was greater across cropland and forests, where we also found the lowest coefficient of variation. This assessment can be repeated over time to derive trends and monitor progress towards environmental policy objectives.
The association between dietary diabetic risk reduction score with anthropometric and body composition variables in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Karimi Mehdi , Shiraseb Farideh , Mofidi Maryam , Khadem Alireza , Ebrahimi Sara , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: May 2023

Dietary diabetes risk reduction score (DDRRs) is inversely associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Given the importance of the association between body fat and insulin resistance and the effect of diet on these parameters, this study aimed to investigate the association between DDRRS and body composition parameters, including the visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). This study was conducted on 291 overweight and obese women aged 18–48 years old recruited from 20 Tehran Health Centers in 2018. The anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters, and body composition were measured. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate DDRRs. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between DDRRs and body composition indicators. The mean (SD) age of participants was 36.67 (9.10) years. After adjustment for potential confounders, VAI (β = 0.27, 95% CI = − 0.73, 1.27, Ptrend = 0.052), LAP (β = 8.14, 95% CI = − 10.54, 26.82, Ptrend = 0.069), TF (β = − 1.41, 95% CI = 11.45, 17.30, Ptrend = 0.027), trunk fat percent (TF%) (β = − 21.55, 95% CI = − 44.51, 1.61, Ptrend = 0.074), body fat mass (BFM) (β = − 3.26, 95% CI = − 6.08, − 0.44, Ptrend = 0.026), visceral fat area (VFA) (β = − 45.75, 95% CI = − 86.10, − 5.41, Ptrend = 0.026), waist-to-hip ratio (WHtR) (β = − 0.014, 95% CI = − 0.031, 0.004, Ptrend = 0.066), visceral fat level (VFL) (β = − 0.38, 95% CI = − 5.89, 5.12, Ptrend = 0.064), fat mass index (FMI) (β = − 1.15, 95% CI = − 2.28, − 0.02, Ptrend = 0.048) decreased significantly over tertiles of DDRRs, and also there was no significant association between SMM and DDRRs tertiles (β = − 0.57, 95% CI = − 1.69, 0.53, Ptrend = 0.322). The findings of this study demonstrated that participants with higher adherence to the DDRRs had lower VAI (β = 0.78 vs 0.27) and LAP (β = 20.73 vs 8.14). However, there was no significant association between DDRRs and VAI, LAP and SMM, which are mentioned as the primary outcomes. Future studies with larger sample of both genders are needed to investigate our findings.
Rare variant contribution to cholestatic liver disease in a South Asian population in the United Kingdom
Authors: Zöllner Julia , Finer Sarah , Linton Kenneth J. ,   Genes and Health Research Team, Akhtar Shaheen , Anwar Mohammad , Arciero Elena , Ashraf Samina , Bidi Saeed , Breen Gerome , Broster James , Chung Raymond , Collier David , Curtis Charles J. , Chaudhary Shabana , Clinch Megan , Colligan Grainne , Deloukas Panos , Durham Ceri , Durrani Faiza , Eto Fabiola , Finer Sarah , Gafton Joseph , Garcia Ana Angel , Griffiths Chris , Harvey Joanne , Heng Teng , Hodgson Sam , Huang Qin Qin , Hurles Matt , Hunt Karen A. , Hussain Shapna , Islam Kamrul , Iyer Vivek , Jacobs Ben , Khan Ahsan , Lavery Cath , Lee Sang Hyuck , Lerner Robin , MacArthur Daniel , Malawsky Daniel , Martin Hilary , Mason Dan , Mathur Rohini , Mazid Mohammed Bodrul , McDermott John , Morton Caroline , Newman Bill , Owor Elizabeth , Qureshi Asma , Rahman Samiha , Ramachandrappa Shwetha , Reza Mehru , Russell Jessry , Safa Nishat , Samuel Miriam , Simpson Michael , Solly John , Spreckley Marie , Stow Daniel , Taylor Michael , Trembath Richard C. , Tricker Karen , Uddin Nasir , van Heel David A. , Walter Klaudia , Winckley Caroline , Wood Suzanne , Wright John , Zöllner Julia , van Heel David A. , Williamson Catherine , Dixon Peter H.
Published: May 2023

This study assessed the contribution of five genes previously known to be involved in cholestatic liver disease in British Bangladeshi and Pakistani people. Five genes (ABCB4,ABCB11,ATP8B1,NR1H4,TJP2) were interrogated by exome sequencing data of 5236 volunteers. Included were non-synonymous or loss of function (LoF) variants with a minor allele frequency < 5%. Variants were filtered, and annotated to perform rare variant burden analysis, protein structure, and modelling analysisin-silico. Out of 314 non-synonymous variants, 180 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were mostly heterozygous unless specified. 90 were novel and of those variants, 22 were considered likely pathogenic and 9 pathogenic. We identified variants in volunteers with gallstone disease (n = 31), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP, n = 16), cholangiocarcinoma and cirrhosis (n = 2). Fourteen novel LoF variants were identified: 7 frameshift, 5 introduction of premature stop codon and 2 splice acceptor variants. The rare variant burden was significantly increased inABCB11. Protein modelling demonstrated variants that appeared to likely cause significant structural alterations. This study highlights the significant genetic burden contributing to cholestatic liver disease. Novel likely pathogenic and pathogenic variants were identified addressing the underrepresentation of diverse ancestry groups in genomic research.
Correcting bias in cardiac geometries derived from multimodal images using spatiotemporal mapping
Authors: Zhao Debbie , Mauger Charlène A. , Gilbert Kathleen , Wang Vicky Y. , Quill Gina M. , Sutton Timothy M. , Lowe Boris S. , Legget Malcolm E. , Ruygrok Peter N. , Doughty Robert N. , Pedrosa João , D’hooge Jan , Young Alistair A. , Nash Martyn P.
Published: May 2023

Cardiovascular imaging studies provide a multitude of structural and functional data to better understand disease mechanisms. While pooling data across studies enables more powerful and broader applications, performing quantitative comparisons across datasets with varying acquisition or analysis methods is problematic due to inherent measurement biases specific to each protocol. We show how dynamic time warping and partial least squares regression can be applied to effectively map between left ventricular geometries derived from different imaging modalities and analysis protocols to account for such differences. To demonstrate this method, paired real-time 3D echocardiography (3DE) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) sequences from 138 subjects were used to construct a mapping function between the two modalities to correct for biases in left ventricular clinical cardiac indices, as well as regional shape. Leave-one-out cross-validation revealed a significant reduction in mean bias, narrower limits of agreement, and higher intraclass correlation coefficients for all functional indices between CMR and 3DE geometries after spatiotemporal mapping. Meanwhile, average root mean squared errors between surface coordinates of 3DE and CMR geometries across the cardiac cycle decreased from 7 ± 1 to 4 ± 1 mm for the total study population. Our generalised method for mapping between time-varying cardiac geometries obtained using different acquisition and analysis protocols enables the pooling of data between modalities and the potential for smaller studies to leverage large population databases for quantitative comparisons.
Mapping soil organic carbon stocks in Nepal’s forests
Authors: Khanal Shiva , Nolan Rachael H. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Boer Matthias M.
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive forest carbon accounting requires reliable estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Despite being an important carbon pool, limited information is available on SOC stocks in global forests, particularly for forests in mountainous regions, such as the Central Himalayas. The availability of consistently measured new field data enabled us to accurately estimate forest soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in Nepal, addressing a previously existing knowledge gap. Our method involved modelling plot-based estimates of forest SOC using covariates related to climate, soil, and topographic position. Our quantile random forest model resulted in the high spatial resolution prediction of Nepal’s national forest SOC stock together with prediction uncertainties. Our spatially explicit forest SOC map showed the high SOC levels in high-elevation forests and a significant underrepresentation of these stocks in global-scale assessments. Our results offer an improved baseline on the distribution of total carbon in the forests of the Central Himalayas. The benchmark maps of predicted forest SOC and associated errors, along with our estimate of 494 million tonnes (SE = 16) of total SOC in the topsoil (0–30 cm) of forested areas in Nepal, carry important implications for understanding the spatial variability of forest SOC in mountainous regions with complex terrains.