bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrosiloles via Palladium-Catalyzed Heck-type Arylation of Silacyclopentenes with Aryl Iodides
Authors: Huang Wei-Sheng , Ling Fang-Ying , Xu Li-Wen , Fang Xiao-Jun , Cui Yu-Ming , Ye Fei , Xu Zheng , Cao Jian , Yang Hua
Published: December 2022

The transition-metal-catalyzed synthesis of chiral silacycles is a challenging processes in organosilicon chemistry. Herein, we report a facile and regioselective synthesis of a novel class of 2,3-dihydrosilole derivatives with good yields via the palladium-catalyzed Heck-type reaction of silacyclopentenes (SCPs) with aryl iodides. Preliminary investigations on the enantioselective version of this palladium-catalyzed Heck-type process reveal that the presence of N-Boc-l-proline allows the diastereo- and enantioselective formation of chiral 2,3-dihydrosilole derivatives bearing both carbon and silicon-stereogenic centers.
Transglutaminase Activities of Blood Coagulant Factor XIII Are Dependent on the Activation Pathways and on the Substrates
Authors: Mohammed Rameesa D. Syed , Ablan Francis D. O. , McCann Nicholas M. , Hindi Mohammed M. , Maurer Muriel C.
Published: December 2022

Factor XIII (FXIII) catalyzes formation of γ-glutamyl-ε-lysyl crosslinks between reactive glutamines (Q) and lysines (K). In plasma, FXIII is activated proteolytically (FXIII-A*) by the concerted action of thrombin and Ca2+. Cellular FXIII is activated nonproteolytically (FXIII-A°) by elevation of physiological Ca2+ concentrations. FXIII-A targets plasmatic and cellular substrates, but questions remain on correlating FXIII activation, resultant conformational changes, and crosslinking function to different physiological substrates. To address these issues, the characteristics of FXIII-A* versus FXIII-A° that contribute to transglutaminase activity and substrate specificities were investigated. Crosslinking of lysine mimics into a series of Q-containing substrates were measured using in-gel fluorescence, mass spectrometry, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Covalent incorporation of fluorescent monodansylcadaverine revealed that FXIII-A* exhibits greater activity than FXIII-A° toward Q residues within Fbg αC (233–425 WT, Q328P Seoul II, and Q328PQ366N) and actin. FXIII-A* and FXIII-A° displayed similar activities toward α2-antiplasmin (α2AP), fibronectin, and Fbg αC (233–388, missing FXIII-binding site αC 389–402). Furthermore, the N-terminal α2AP peptide (1–15) exhibited similar kinetic properties for FXIII-A* and FXIII-A°. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry assays with glycine ethyl ester and Fbg αC (233–425 WT, αC E396A, and truncated αC (233–388) further documented that FXIII-A* exerts greater benefit from the αC 389–402 binding site than FXIII-A°. Conformational properties of FXIII-A* versus A° are proposed to help promote transglutaminase function toward different substrates. A combination of protein substrate disorder and secondary FXIII-binding site exposure are utilized to control activity and specificity. From these studies, greater understandings of how FXIII-A targets different substrates are achieved.
Ectopic Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Systematic Review of a Rare Clinical Entity among Sinonasal Tumors
Authors: Lui Christopher G. , Badash Ido , Tang Liyang , Mark Michelle E. , Batra Pete S. , Wrobel Bozena B.
Published: December 2022

Objectives Ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma is an uncommon manifestation of an already rare neoplasm. We aimed to systematically review the literature for cases of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma to better characterize this rare disease entity and to present two new case reports.

Methods A search of the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify English-language articles reporting cases of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma, published from 1955 through November 2021.

Results Sixty-six cases of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma were identified in 62 articles including the current review. Ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma arose in a wide age range (2–89 years) without significant sex predilection. It occurred most commonly in the ethmoid (25%), maxillary (25%), and sphenoid (16%) sinuses. Seventy-three percent of cases presented with low Hyams grade (I and II). The most common symptoms were nasal obstruction (32%) and epistaxis (32%). Paraneoplastic syndromes were observed in 27% of patients. The most common treatment was surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Overall, 76% of all patients were disease-free at the time of last follow-up. Locoregional recurrences and distant metastases were found in 19 and 5% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion This systematic review describes previously reported cases of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma, a disease entity with poorly understood characteristics. Physicians should consider olfactory neuroblastoma in the differential diagnosis for sinonasal masses, as their ectopic presentation may present considerable diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Patients with olfactory neuroblastoma may benefit from long-term follow-up and routine endoscopic examinations for surveillance of ectopic recurrences.
Effect of Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Volume and Gastric/Esophageal Pathology on the Rate of Lymphocytic Duodenosis Reporting in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Devara Janaki , Manini Mhd Louai , Murray Joseph A. , Absah Imad
Published: December 2022

Background It is not clear if the increase in the number of esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) performed has any significant effect on the rate of lymphocytic duodenosis (LD) reporting in children and adolescents and whether it correlates with abnormal gastric and/or esophageal pathology.”

Methods We performed a single-center retrospective study using the Mayo Clinic electronic health record and pathology database. We reviewed all EGD procedures performed in children and adolescents (<18 years) between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2018, and identified two groups, the LD group and matched age and sex control group (normal duodenal biopsies). We evaluated the correlation of LD rate with the yearly number of EGDs performed and the presence of abnormal gastric and/or esophageal pathology.

Results Of 11,870 EGDs performed, we identified 338 (3%) individuals with LD and 390 (3%) randomly selected controls, with a mean (SD) age of 9.6 (5.3) and 11.7 (5.0) years, respectively. Based on logistic regression analysis, abnormal gastric histology was associated with the presence of LD when compared with controls (odds ratio, 2.85; 95% CI, 2.05–3.97; P < 0.001). The rate of LD-positive biopsies per year was highly correlated with the number of EGDs performed (ρ = 0.931; 95% CI, 0.826–0.974; P < 0.001).

Conclusion The rate of LD reporting is correlated with the number of EGDs performed and is more likely seen in children and adolescents with abnormal gastric histology.
Expression of PD-L1 in Lung Carcinoma and Its Correlation with Histopathological Grade, Stage, and Survival of Patients
Authors: Dhawan Vishesh , Chandra Smita , Kala Mansi , Khanduri Sushant
Published: December 2022

Objective PD-L1, a 40 kDa type 1 transmembrane protein, suppresses the adaptive arm of the immune system. The interaction of PD-1 with the ligand PD-L1 inhibits cytokine production and plays a role in the progression of lung cancer. The present study was performed to observe the expression of PD-L1 in lung carcinoma patients and its correlation with histopathological grade, stage, and survival of patients.

Materials and Methods This prospective study included all new cases of lung carcinoma diagnosed on histopathological or cytopathological examination over a period of 1 year. PD-L1 immunoexpression was statistically analyzed and graded according to the Tumor Proportion Score in all cases and correlated with histopathological grade, stage, and survival of patients.

Results This study included 56 cases of lung carcinoma with 64.2% cases showing PD-L1 positivity, out of which 44.6% were non-small cell and 19.6% were small cell lung carcinoma. In all, 32.1% cases with lymphovascular invasion, 53.5% with necrosis, and 37.5% cases with greater than 5/10 HPF mitotic figures showed positive PD-L1 expression. Paired cell blocks and histopathology showed 70% concordance for PD-L1 expression. 16.1% cT3N1M0 cases and 25% stage IIIA cases showed PD-L1 positivity. In all, 60.7% patients with positive PD-L1 expression did not survive for 12 months following diagnosis.

Conclusion PD-L1 immunoexpression was increased in lung carcinoma cases and was associated with poor histomorphological features including lymphovascular invasion, necrosis, and increased mitotic activity. PD-L1 correlated with cases having decreased 12-month survival and stage IIIA carcinoma. Thus, it may be useful in the stratification of patients who benefit from the PD-L1 targeted therapy.
Joubert Syndrome with Oral-Facial-Digital Defect (JS-OFD): A Brief Overview on Clinics and Genetics
Authors: Cuppari Caterina , Salpietro Annamaria , Chimenz Roberto , Colavita Laura , Ceravolo Maria Domenica , Gitto Eloisa , Sallemi Alessia , Fusco Monica , Ceravolo Ida , Farello Giovanni , Iapadre Giulia , Rocca Clarissa , Salazar Ainara , Mancuso Alessio
Published: December 2022

Joubert's syndrome with digital facial oral defects represents a rare subgroup of Joubert's syndrome with related disorders. There are 11 forms of oral-facial-digital syndromes and are characterized by having neurological signs of JS associated with orofacial anomalies and often polydactyly. The most severe variant is the OFD type VI (Varadi-Papp syndrome) in which there are tongue hamartomas, multiple frenula, midline notch of the upper lip, mesoaxial polydactyly, and hypothalamic hamartomas. Treatments are symptomatic and supportive with reconstructive surgery for correctable malformation and physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and infant stimulation for mental delay.
The Function and Role of the Cilium in the Development of Ciliopathies
Authors: Mancuso Alessio , Ceravolo Ida , Cuppari Caterina , Sallemi Alessia , Fusco Monica , Ceravolo Antonio , Farello Giovanni , Iapadre Giulia , Zagaroli Luca , Nanni Giuliana , Conti Giovanni
Published: December 2022

“Ciliopathies” are a group of genetic disorders described by the malformation or dysfunction of cilia. The disorders of ciliary proteins lead to a range of phenotype from organ-specific (e.g., cystic disease of the kidney, liver, and pancreas, neural tube defects, postaxial polydactyly, situs inversus, and retinal degeneration) to sketchily pleiotropic (e.g., Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Joubert syndrome). The mechanism below the disfunction of cilia to reach new therapeutic strategies.
Bardet–Biedl Syndrome: A Brief Overview on Clinics and Genetics
Authors: Amore Greta , Spoto Giulia , Scuderi Anna , Prato Adriana , Dicanio Daniela , Nicotera Antonio , Farello Giovanni , Chimenz Roberto , Ceravolo Ida , Salpietro Vincenzo , Gitto Eloisa , Ceravolo Giorgia , Iapadre Giulia , Rosa Gabriella Di , Pironti Erica
Published: December 2022

Bardet–Biedl syndrome is a genetically pleiotropic disorder characterized by high clinical heterogeneity with severe multiorgan impairment. Clinically, it encompasses primary and secondary manifestations, mainly including retinal dystrophy, mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism in male, and renal abnormalities. At least 21 different genes have been identified, all involved into primary cilium structure or function. To date, genotype–phenotype correlation is still poor.
The effective spin-splitting manipulation of monolayer WSe2 and Janus WSSe on SrIrO3(111) surface: A DFT study
Authors: Song Yiyao , Shi Bingjun , Lv Peng , Ma Dongwei , Zhang Weifeng , Jia Yu
Published: December 2022

Spin regulation and manipulation in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is of great significance for two-dimensional spintronics. The electronic structure and spin feature of WSe2/SrIrO3(111) and WSSe/SrIrO3(111) interfaces were investigated by first-principles calculations with spin–orbital coupling, for which various and effective stacking configurations were considered. The spin-splitting of WSe2 at K point in the Brillouin zone can be significantly enhanced by the strong spin–orbital coupling of SrIrO3, while for WSSe, the enhanced spin-splitting is found at Q point. In particular, a small compressive strain of 1% can further strengthen the spin-splitting to 630 meV at K point, along with the p-type doping in WSe2. These findings provide a way to engineer the electronic structure and spin-splitting of TMDCs via strong interfacial spin–orbital coupling and appropriate strain field, which will extend their potential applications in spintronic devices.
Multi-view and multi-scale super-resolution method of logging curves based on fractal theory
Authors: Han Jian , Wang Sijie , Cao Zhimin , Li Jialu , Liu Meng
Published: December 2022

With the increasing development of unconventional reservoirs around the world, there is an increasing need to enhance the level of geological characterization. Obviously, since the well loggings are one of the most important data to obtain a fine-scale reservoir model, obtaining well loggings with sufficiently high vertical resolution has always been an important issue and challenge. Therefore, due to its low cost and less time-consuming, employing an advanced signal processing technique to enhance the vertical resolution of loggings has always been a research hotspot in the relevant literature. However, non-homogeneity of the target reservoir is not taken into account in the traditional methods such as vertical resolution matching and spline function interpolation. Furthermore, for state-of-the-art methods that employ different versions of shallow or deep machine learning models, how to adequately exploit the multi-scale shape and temporal information in the employed loggings has been a very challenging problem. To address the above problems, by combining the fractal theory with the long short-term memory network technique, a novel multi-view and multi-scale logging resolution enhancing method was proposed in this paper to make full use of the self-shape-similarity and temporal correlation information in the logging data. Experimental results show that, compared with bi-cubic linear interpolation, sparse representation, super-resolution convolutional neural network and random forest, more promising supper-resolution results can be obtained using the proposed method.
A versatile chamber for x-ray scattering on liquid jets with sample recycling
Authors: Markmann V. , Walther M. , Dartsch M. , Valerio J. , Frenzel L. , Lokteva I. , Westermeier F. , Grübel G. , Lehmkühler F.
Published: December 2022

We introduce the setup of a versatile sample chamber for x-ray scattering experiments on liquids delivered by μ-jets. The simple implementation at x-ray light sources, adaptability to different nozzle types, and the availability of a microscope for observation of the jet flow allow for its broad application. In combination with an inbuilt recycling circle, a continuous flow operation is provided. Functionality of the system was demonstrated in a rheology study at PETRA III.
Electron effective masses of ScxAl1−xN and AlxGa1−xN from first-principles calculations of unfolded band structure
Authors: Balestra Luigi , Gnani Elena , Reggiani Susanna
Published: December 2022

The electron effective masses of ScxAl1−xN and AlxGa1−xN, two of the most promising wide bandgap materials for power and RF electronic applications, have been calculated using the predictions of the density functional theory (DFT). More specifically, the unfolding technique has been adopted to extract the effective band structure of the two alloys under investigation. It has been found that the AlGaN effective masses m∗ approximately follow the Vegard law. On the contrary, due to the larger amount of disorder inside the crystal, the ScAlN shows a non-monotonic change of m∗ as a function of the Sc concentration, which requires the DFT calculations to be consistently performed for an accurate prediction. The ScAlN effective masses as a function of Sc content have been reported in the range 0≤x≤0.25 for the first time.
Revealing the intrinsic transport properties of antiperovskite Sr3SnO thin films
Authors: Wu Wangzhou , Combs Nicholas G. , Stemmer Susanne
Published: December 2022

A topologically non-trivial band structure and reports of superconductivity have motivated significant investigation into the transport properties of the antiperovskite oxide Sr3SnO. Phase-pure films of Sr3SnO can be grown by molecular beam epitaxy, but they do not have the required extremely high hole-doping densities (>1 × 1021 cm−3) for which superconductivity has been observed in bulk materials. To date, high hole-doping densities have been achieved via inducing strontium deficiency, which inevitably results in impurity phases. Here, we show that indium acts as an effective hole dopant in Sr3SnO and can be used to achieve high hole doping densities in stoichiometric films. Films with carrier densities as high as 1.5 × 1021 cm−3 remain non-superconducting. We, therefore, suggest that Sr3SnO is probably not an intrinsic superconductor. A second question addressed in this work is the measurement of the intrinsic electrical transport properties of Sr3SnO, given its rapid degradation in air. We show that even in inert atmospheres, reducing the time needed for establishing electrical contacts and protecting the Sr3SnO film result in improved electrical properties. We demonstrate low carrier density films (4 × 1018 cm−3) with carrier mobilities of 400 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 10 K.
Broadband SNAIL parametric amplifier with microstrip impedance transformer
Authors: Ezenkova D. , Moskalev D. , Smirnov N. , Ivanov A. , Matanin A. , Polozov V. , Echeistov V. , Malevannaya E. , Samoylov A. , Zikiy E. , Rodionov I.
Published: December 2022

Josephson parametric amplifiers are an important part of a modern superconducting quantum computing platform and squeezed quantum states generation devices. Traveling wave and impedance-matched parametric amplifiers provide broad bandwidth for high-fidelity single-shot readout of multiple qubit superconducting circuits. Here, we present a quantum-limited 3-wave-mixing parametric amplifier based on superconducting nonlinear asymmetric inductive elements (SNAILs), whose useful bandwidth is enhanced with an on-chip two-section impedance-matching circuit based on microstrip transmission lines. The amplifier dynamic range is increased using an array of 67 SNAILs with 268 Josephson junctions, forming a nonlinear quarter-wave resonator. Operating in a current-pumped mode, we experimentally demonstrate an average gain of 17 dB across 300 MHz bandwidth, along with an average saturation power of –100 dBm, which can go as high as −97 dBm with quantum-limited noise performance. Moreover, the amplifier can be fabricated using a simple technology with just one e-beam lithography step.
Water dynamics around T vs R4 of hemoglobin from local hydrophobicity analysis
Authors: Salehi Seyedeh Maryam , Pezzella Marco , Willard Adam , Meuwly Markus , Karplus Martin
Published: December 2022

The local hydration around tetrameric hemoglobin (Hb) in its T0 and R4 conformational substates is analyzed based on molecular dynamics simulations. Analysis of the local hydrophobicity (LH) for all residues at the α1β2 and α2β1 interfaces, responsible for the quaternary T → R transition, which is encoded in the Monod–Wyman–Changeux model, as well as comparison with earlier computations of the solvent accessible surface area, makes clear that the two quantities measure different aspects of hydration. Local hydrophobicity quantifies the presence and structure of water molecules at the interface, whereas “buried surface” reports on the available space for solvent. For simulations with Hb frozen in its T0 and R4 states, the correlation coefficient between LH and buried surface is 0.36 and 0.44, respectively, but it increases considerably if the 95% confidence interval is used. The LH with Hb frozen and flexible changes little for most residues at the interfaces but is significantly altered for a few select ones: Thr41α, Tyr42α, Tyr140α, Trp37β, Glu101β (for T0) and Thr38α, Tyr42α, Tyr140α (for R4). The number of water molecules at the interface is found to increase by ∼25% for T0 → R4, which is consistent with earlier measurements. Since hydration is found to be essential to protein function, it is clear that hydration also plays an essential role in allostery.
Brewster differential microscopy
Authors: Wang Ruisi , He Shanshan , Chen Shizhen , Luo Hailu
Published: December 2022

Imaging of transparent samples such as cells is important in the biomedicine field; however, insignificant absorption and weakly scattering limit the imaging contrast of phase objects. Here, we propose and demonstrate Brewster differential microscopy based on simple optical reflection at the glass interface. The combination of spin–orbit interaction of light and the Brewster effect can perform two-dimensional differentiation to the incident light distribution and, thus, achieves isotropic edge-enhanced imaging of pure phase objects, which overcomes the limitation of traditional one-dimensional imaging. Furthermore, by introducing bias retardation, we also reconstruct the original phase distribution. The proposed microscopic imaging mechanism does not involve any complex modulation devices and takes advantages of simple and low-cost structure. The results indicate that our research shows promising applications for nondestructive imaging of biological cells.
Termite–gut-associated actinomycetes as biological control agents against phytopathogen Pyrrhoderma noxium
Authors: Adra Cherrihan , Panchalingam Harrchun , Kurtböke D. İpek
Published: December 2022

Brown root-rot disease is caused by phytopathogenic white-rot basidiomycete fungus, Pyyrhoderma noxium. Currently, it is causing significant issues for the Brisbane hinterland in Queensland, Australia and killing many tree species throughout the greater Metropolitan area, including park and street trees located in Shorncliffe, Taringa, New Farm, Eagle Farm, West End, Hamilton, Indooroopilly, Brisbane River, and the City Centre. Brisbane trees being attacked are figs, poinciana, jacarandas, Chinese elms, Moreton Bay eucalypts, kauris, and hoop pines and these include both public and privately owned trees. A joint study between the University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC) and the Brisbane City Council (BCC) aimed to assess the efficacy of different biological control agents to control infections in the region. In a substudy presented here, termite gut-associated actinomycetes were evaluated to determine their antifungal abilities against the pathogen.
Refutatoryna-sentences in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Liu Chi-Ming Louis
Published: December 2022

Refutatoryna-sentences possess several syntactic properties that are absent in their interrogative counterparts. First, they carry the assertive rather than interrogative force; second, they are mainly used to refute a claim made by another interlocutor. Given the fact that such a distinction is correlated with the position thatna‘where’ occupies in sentence, I propose that whennaserves as an interrogativewh-phrase, it is nominal and consists ofnaand an indefinite morpheme concerning location; in contrast, whennais a refutatory marker, it is an adjunct, containing an additional negative operator that binds a location-associated variable encoded in the indefinite morpheme. The refutatorynafurther has to move to the Spec of ForceP at LF to acquire the illocutionary force. This analysis not only accounts for the syntactic and pragmatic properties of the refutatoryna, but also supports the claim that Mandarinwh-arguments andwh-adjuncts are formed differently.
Desana numerical symbols
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A. , Chacon Thiago , Payne Annick
Published: December 2022

In 2006, a narrative of the Desana people included a system of graphic symbols reported as a historical Indigenous
invention used during intertribal warfare to count the number of enemies and pass warning information. This paper outlines and
evaluates the Desana graphic system. The Desana people are described, and their timeline of mythical events is compared to
historical accounts of the region. Contemporary Desana spoken numbers are then characterized as a quinary system with a restricted
extent that differs significantly from the graphic writing system as presented in the cultural narrative. Implications for the
development of writing systems generally and numerical notations specifically are explored. We conclude that the numerical symbols
represent cultural diffusion of both European decimal numerals and the idea of writing. However, these were influenced by,
synthesized with, and ultimately transformed through their contact with Indigenous cultural practices and concepts, making them an
authentic Desana invention.
Microstructural manifestation and kinetics of dynamic transformation in a W-modified 9%Cr steel
Authors: Mandal Mantosh , Aashranth B. , Samantaray Dipti , Davinci M. Arvinth , Shankar Vani , Vasudevan M.
Published: December 2022

Dynamic transformation (DT) of austenite to ferrite is shown to occur in a W-containing 9%Cr steel during hot deformation across a wide range of strain rates. A new facet of DT, namely its dependency on process kinetics, is revealed by examining work-hardening rate and strain rate. The kinetics of DT is associated with competing processes of dislocation immobilisation and remobilisation, both of which have a complex dependence on strain rate. The microstructural manifestation of DT-ferrite is examined and contrasted with that of conventional ferrite on the basis on morphology. This contrast arises from different modes of transformation and resultant differences in crystallography. DT is placed in the practical context of thermo-mechanical processing by addressing issues of process control and stability.
Using simulated Tianqin gravitational wave data and electromagnetic wave data to study the coincidence problem and Hubble tension problem*
Authors: Zhang Jia-Wei , Diao Jing-Wang , Pan Yu , Chen Ming-Yue , Li Jin
Published: December 2022

In this study, we used electromagnetic wave data (H0LiCOW,

, SNe) and gravitational wave data (Tianqin) to constrain the interacting dark energy (IDE) model and investigate the Hubble tension and coincidence problems. By combining these four types of data (Tianqin+H0LiCOW+SNe+

), we obtained the following parameter values with a confidence interval of

:

,

,

, and

. According to our results, the best value of

shows that the Hubble tension problem can be alleviated to some extent. In addition, the center value of

indicates that the coincidence problem is slightly alleviated. However,

is still within the

error range, which indicates that the ΛCDM model is still the model in best agreement with the observational data at present. Finally, we compared the constraint results of the electromagnetic and gravitational waves on the model parameters and found that the constraint effect of electromagnetic wave data on model parameters is better than that of simulated Tianqin gravitational wave data.
High dimensional AdS-like black hole and phase transition in Einstein-bumblebee gravity*
Authors: Ding Chikun , Shi Yu , Chen Jun , Zhou Yuebing , Liu Changqing
Published: December 2022

In this study, we obtained an exact high dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole solution in Einstein-bumblebee gravity theory. This AdS-like black hole can only exist with a linear functional potential of the bumblebee field. We found that the Smarr formula and the first law of black hole thermodynamics can still be constructed in this Lorentz symmetry breaking black hole spacetime, but the conceptions of the black hole horizon area/entropy and the volume inside the horizon should be renewed due to its anisotropy. We also found that two types of phase transition exist: small-large black hole phase transition and Hawking-Page phase transition, like those of the Schwarzschild AdS black hole. After Lorentz symmetry breaking, the black hole mass at the divergent point of heat capacity becomes small, and the Gibbs free energy of the meta-stable large black hole is also smaller, showing that the large stable black hole can be more easily formed.
What can we learn from the total width of the Higgs boson?*
Authors: Cao Qing-Hong , Li Hao-Lin , Xu Ling-Xiao , Yu Jiang-Hao
Published: December 2022

As one of the key properties of the Higgs boson, the Higgs total width is sensitive to the global profile of the Higgs boson couplings, and thus new physics would modify the Higgs width. We investigate the total width in various new physics models, including various scalar extensions, composite Higgs models, and the fraternal twin Higgs model. Typically, the Higgs width is smaller than the standard model value due to mixture with other scalars if the Higgs is elementary, or curved Higgs field space for the composite Higgs. On the other hand, except for the possible invisible decay mode, the enhanced Yukawa coupling in the two Higgs doublet model or the exotic fermion embeddings in the composite Higgs could enhance the Higgs width greatly. The precision measurement of the Higgs total width at the high-luminosity LHC can be used to discriminate certain new physics models.
The Relationship Between Potential Occupational Sensitizing Exposures and Asthma: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Dalbøge Annett , Albert Kolstad Henrik , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli , Sherson David Lee , Meyer Harald William , Ebbehøj Niels , Sigsgaard Torben , Zock Jan-Paul , Baur Xaver , Schlünssen Vivi
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The aim was to identify, appraise, and synthesize the scientific evidence of the relationship between potential occupational sensitizing exposures and the development of asthma based on systematic reviews.

Methods

The study was conducted as an overview of systematic reviews. A systematic literature search was conducted for systematic reviews published up to 9 February 2020. Eligibility study criteria included persons in or above the working age, potential occupational sensitizing exposures, and outcomes defined as asthma. Potential occupational sensitizing exposures were divided into 23 main groups comprising both subgroups and specific exposures. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted study data, assessed study quality, and evaluated confidence in study results and level of evidence of the relationship between potential occupational sensitizing exposures and asthma.

Results

Twenty-seven systematic reviews were included covering 1242 studies and 486 potential occupational sensitizing exposures. Overall confidence in study results was rated high in three systematic reviews, moderate in seven reviews, and low in 17 reviews. Strong evidence for the main group of wood dusts and moderate evidence for main groups of mites and fish was found. For subgroups/specific exposures, strong evidence was found for toluene diisocyanates, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and work tasks involving exposure to laboratory animals, whereas moderate evidence was found for 52 subgroups/specific exposures.

Conclusions

This overview identified hundreds of potential occupational sensitizing exposures suspected to cause asthma and evaluated the level of evidence for each exposure. Strong evidence was found for wood dust in general and for toluene diisocyanates, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and work tasks involving exposure to laboratory animals.
Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy distinguishes disease manifestation in PINK1/PRKN-linked Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Trinh Joanne , Hicks Andrew A , König Inke R , Delcambre Sylvie , Lüth Theresa , Schaake Susen , Wasner Kobi , Ghelfi Jenny , Borsche Max , Vilariño-Güell Carles , Hentati Faycel , Germer Elisabeth L , Bauer Peter , Takanashi Masashi , Kostić Vladimir , Lang Anthony E , Brüggemann Norbert , Pramstaller Peter P , Pichler Irene , Rajput Alex , Hattori Nobutaka , Farrer Matthew J , Lohmann Katja , Weissensteiner Hansi , May Patrick , Klein Christine , Grünewald Anne
Published: December 2022

Biallelic mutations in PINK1/PRKN cause recessive Parkinson’s disease. Given the established role of PINK1/Parkin in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, we explored mitochondrial DNA integrity and inflammation as disease modifiers in carriers of mutations in these genes. Mitochondrial DNA integrity was investigated in a large collection of biallelic (n = 84) and monoallelic (n = 170) carriers of PINK1/PRKN mutations, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients (n = 67) and controls (n = 90). In addition, we studied global gene expression and serum cytokine levels in a subset. Affected and unaffected PINK1/PRKN monoallelic mutation carriers can be distinguished by heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA variant load (area under the curve = 0.83, CI 0.74–0.93). Biallelic PINK1/PRKN mutation carriers harbour more heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA variants in blood (P = 0.0006, Z = 3.63) compared to monoallelic mutation carriers. This enrichment was confirmed in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (controls, n = 3; biallelic PRKN mutation carriers, n = 4) and post-mortem (control, n = 1; biallelic PRKN mutation carrier, n = 1) midbrain neurons. Last, the heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA variant load correlated with IL6 levels in PINK1/PRKN mutation carriers (r = 0.57, P = 0.0074). PINK1/PRKN mutations predispose individuals to mitochondrial DNA variant accumulation in a dose- and disease-dependent manner.
Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change for Older Adults: A Research Centers Collaborative Network Workshop Report
Authors: Hughes Jaime M , Brown Rebecca T , Fanning Jason , Raj Minakshi , Bisson Alycia N S , Ghneim Mira , Kritchevsky Stephen B
Published: December 2022

Modifying unhealthy behaviors and/or environments may improve or maintain an older adult’s health. However, achieving and sustaining behavior change is challenging and depends upon clinical, social, psychological, and political domains. In an effort to highlight the multidisciplinary nature of behavior change, the National Institute on Ageing (NIA) Research Centers Collaborative Network (RCCN) held a two-day workshop, achieving and sustaining behavior change for older adults. The workshop was informed by the socioecological model and designed to initiate dialogue around the individual, community, and systems-level determinants of behavior change. This article summarizes key topics presented during the workshop, discusses opportunities for future research, education, and training, and recommends how each of the six NIA research centers may pursue work in behavior change for older adults.
Novel thermostable GH5_34 arabinoxylanase with an atypical CBM6 displays activity on oat fiber xylan for prebiotic production
Authors: Norlander Siri , Jasilionis Andrius , Ara Zubaida Gulshan Kazi , Grey Carl , Adlercreutz Patrick , Karlsson Eva Nordberg
Published: December 2022

Carbohydrate active enzymes are valuable tools in cereal processing to valorize underutilized side streams. By solubilizing hemicellulose and modifying the fiber structure, novel food products with increased nutritional value can be created. In this study, a novel GH5_34 subfamily arabinoxylanase from Herbinix hemicellulosilytica, HhXyn5A, was identified, produced and extensively characterized, for the intended exploitation in cereal processing to solubilize potential prebiotic fibers: arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides. The purified two-domain HhXyn5A (catalytic domain and CBM6) demonstrated high storage stability, showed a melting temperature Tm of 61°C and optimum reaction conditions were determined to 55°C and pH 6.5 on wheat arabinoxylan. HhXyn5A demonstrated activity on various commercial cereal arabinoxylans and produced prebiotic AXOS, whereas the sole catalytic domain of HhXyn5A did not demonstrate detectable activity. HhXyn5A demonstrated no side activity on oat β-glucan. In contrast to the commercially available homolog CtXyn5A, HhXyn5A gave a more specific HPAEC–PAD oligosaccharide product profile when using wheat arabinoxylan and alkali extracted oat bran fibers as the substrate. Results from multiple sequence alignment of GH5_34 enzymes, homology modeling of HhXyn5A and docking simulations with ligands XXXA3, XXXA3XX and X5 concluded that the active site of HhXyl5A catalytic domain is highly conserved and can accommodate both shorter and longer ligands. However, significant structural dissimilarities between HhXyn5A and CtXyn5A in the binding cleft of CBM6, due to the lack of important ligand-interacting residues, is suggested to cause the observed differences in substrate specificity and product formation.
On Subadditivity of Okounkov Bodies for Algebraic Fiber Spaces
Authors: Rak Choi Sung , Park Jinhyung
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper is to establish a subadditivity theorem of Okounkov bodies for algebraic fiber spaces. As applications, we obtain a product formula of the restricted canonical volumes for algebraic fiber spaces and a sufficient condition for an algebraic fiber space to be birationally isotrivial in terms of Okounkov bodies when a general fiber is of general type. Furthermore, we also prove the subadditivity of the numerical Iitaka dimensions for algebraic fiber spaces, and this confirms some numerical variants of the Iitaka conjecture. We hope that our results would provide a new approach toward the Iitaka conjecture.
A Growing Number of Men Who Have Sex With Men Aging With HIV (2021–2031): A Comparison of Two Microsimulation Models
Authors: Hyle Emily P , Kasaie Parastu , Schwamm Eli , Stewart Cameron , Humes Elizabeth , Reddy Krishna P , Rebeiro Peter F , Stanic Tijana , Pei Pamela P , Gerace Lucas , Ang Luke , Gebo Kelly A , Yu Liyang , Shebl Fatma M , Freedberg Kenneth A , Althoff Keri N
Published: December 2022

Background

Men who have sex with men (MSM) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at risk for multimorbidity as life expectancy increases. Simulation models can project population sizes and age distributions to assist with health policy planning.

Methods

We populated the CEPAC-US model with CDC data to project the HIV epidemic among MSM in the United States. The PEARL model was predominantly informed by NA-ACCORD data (2009–2017). We compared projected population sizes and age distributions of MSM receiving ART (2021–2031) and investigated how parameters and assumptions affected results.

Results

We projected an aging and increasing population of MSM on ART: CEPAC-US, mean age 48.6 (SD 13.7) years in 2021 versus 53.9 (SD 15.0) years in 2031; PEARL, 46.7 (SD 13.2) years versus 49.2 (SD 14.6) years. We projected 548 800 MSM on ART (147 020 ≥ 65 years) in 2031 (CEPAC-US) and 599 410 (113 400 ≥ 65 years) (PEARL). Compared with PEARL, CEPAC-US projected a smaller population of MSM on ART by 2031 and a slower increase in population size, driven by higher estimates of disengagement in care and mortality.

Conclusions

Findings from two structurally distinct microsimulation models suggest that the MSM population receiving ART in the United States will increase and age over the next decade. Subgroup-specific data regarding engagement in care and mortality can improve projections and inform health care policy planning.
Dynamics in the outskirts of four Milky Way globular clusters: it’s the tides that dominate
Authors: Wan Zhen , Arnold Anthony D , Oliver William H , Lewis Geraint F , Baumgardt Holger , Gieles Mark , Hénault-Brunet Vincent , de Boer Thomas , Balbinot Eduardo , Da Costa Gary , Mackey Dougal , Erkal Denis , Ferguson Annette , Kuzma Pete , Pancino Elena , Peñarrubia Jorge , Sanna Nicoletta , Sollima Antonio , van der Marel Roeland P , Watkins Laura L
Published: December 2022

We present the results of a spectroscopic survey of the outskirts of four globular – 1261, NGC 4590, NGC 1904, and NGC 1851 – covering targets within 1° from the cluster centres, with 2dF/AAOmega on the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) and FLAMES on the very large telescope (VLT). We extracted chemo-dynamical information for individual stars, from which we estimated the velocity dispersion profile and the rotation of each cluster. The observations are compared to direct N-body simulations and appropriate limepy/spes models for each cluster to interpret the results. In NGC 1851, the detected internal rotation agrees with existing literature, and NGC  1261 shows some rotation signal beyond the truncation radius, likely coming from the escaped stars. We find that the dispersion profiles for both the observations and the simulations for NGC 1261, NGC 1851, and NGC 1904 do not decrease as the limepy/spes models predict beyond the truncation radius, where the N-body simulations show that escaped stars dominate; the dispersion profile of NGC 4590 follows the predictions of the limepy/spes models, though the data do not effectively extend beyond the truncation radius. The increasing/flat dispersion profiles in the outskirts of NGC 1261, NGC 1851, and NGC 1904, are reproduced by the simulations. Hence, the increasing/flat dispersion profiles of the clusters in question can be explained by the tidal interaction with the galaxy without introducing dark matter.
Genome Editing Reveals Both the Crucial Role of OsCOI2 in Jasmonate Signaling and the Functional Diversity of COI1 Homologs in Rice
Authors: Inagaki Hideo , Hayashi Kengo , Takaoka Yousuke , Ito Hibiki , Fukumoto Yuki , Yajima-Nakagawa Ayaka , Chen Xi , Shimosato-Nonaka Miyuki , Hassett Emmi , Hatakeyama Kodai , Hirakuri Yuko , Ishitsuka Masanobu , Yumoto Emi , Sakazawa Tomoko , Asahina Masashi , Uchida Kenichi , Okada Kazunori , Yamane Hisakazu , Ueda Minoru , Miyamoto Koji
Published: December 2022

Jasmonic acid (JA) regulates plant growth, development and stress responses. Coronatine insensitive 1 (COI1) and jasmonate zinc-finger inflorescence meristem-domain (JAZ) proteins form a receptor complex for jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine, a biologically active form of JA. Three COIs (OsCOI1a, OsCOI1b and OsCOI2) are encoded in the rice genome. In the present study, we generated mutants for each rice COI gene using genome editing to reveal the physiological functions of the three rice COIs. The oscoi2 mutants, but not the oscoi1a and oscoi1b mutants, exhibited severely low fertility, indicating the crucial role of OsCOI2 in rice fertility. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the transcriptional changes after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment were moderate in the leaves of oscoi2 mutants compared to those in the wild type or oscoi1a and oscoi1b mutants. MeJA-induced chlorophyll degradation and accumulation of antimicrobial secondary metabolites were suppressed in oscoi2 mutants. These results indicate that OsCOI2 plays a central role in JA response in rice leaves. In contrast, the assessment of growth inhibition upon exogenous application of JA to seedlings of each mutant revealed that rice COIs are redundantly involved in shoot growth, whereas OsCOI2 plays a primary role in root growth. In addition, a co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that OsJAZ2 and OsJAZ5 containing divergent Jas motifs physically interacted only with OsCOI2, whereas OsJAZ4 with a canonical Jas motif interacts with all three rice COIs. The present study demonstrated the functional diversity of rice COIs, thereby providing clues to the mechanisms regulating the various physiological functions of JA.
Dysconnectivity in Schizophrenia Revisited: Abnormal Temporal Organization of Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Patients With a First Episode of Psychosis
Authors: Ramirez-Mahaluf Juan P , Tepper Ángeles , Alliende Luz Maria , Mena Carlos , Castañeda Carmen Paz , Iruretagoyena Barbara , Nachar Ruben , Reyes-Madrigal Francisco , León-Ortiz Pablo , Mora-Durán Ricardo , Ossandon Tomas , Gonzalez-Valderrama Alfonso , Undurraga Juan , de la Fuente-Sandoval Camilo , Crossley Nicolas A
Published: December 2022

Background and Hypothesis

Abnormal functional connectivity between brain regions is a consistent finding in schizophrenia, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Recent studies have highlighted that connectivity changes in time in healthy subjects. We here examined the temporal changes in functional connectivity in patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Specifically, we analyzed the temporal order in which whole-brain organization states were visited.

Study Design

Two case-control studies, including in each sample a subgroup scanned a second time after treatment. Chilean sample included 79 patients with a FEP and 83 healthy controls. Mexican sample included 21 antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients and 15 healthy controls. Characteristics of the temporal trajectories between whole-brain functional connectivity meta-states were examined via resting-state functional MRI using elements of network science. We compared the cohorts of cases and controls and explored their differences as well as potential associations with symptoms, cognition, and antipsychotic medication doses.

Study Results

We found that the temporal sequence in which patients’ brain dynamics visited the different states was more redundant and segregated. Patients were less flexible than controls in changing their network in time from different configurations, and explored the whole landscape of possible states in a less efficient way. These changes were related to the dose of antipsychotics the patients were receiving. We replicated the relationship with antipsychotic medication in the antipsychotic-naïve FEP sample scanned before and after treatment.

Conclusions

We conclude that psychosis is related to a temporal disorganization of the brain’s dynamic functional connectivity, and this is associated with antipsychotic medication use.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Verticillium dahliae from Complex Samples Using CRISPR/Cas12a Technology Combined with RPA
Authors: Wang Qiang , Qin Ming , Coleman Jeffrey J. , Shang Wenjing , Hu Xiaoping
Published: December 2022

Verticillium wilt is primarily caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae and represents one of the most important worldwide soilborne plant diseases. The causal agent can be spread by microsclerotia and conidia attached to seeds during national/international trade or in soil between fields. Consequently, accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection of V. dahliae from complex samples is critical for restricting entry of the pathogen to a new region/environment and enforcing early management of Verticillium wilt. Based on CRISPR/Cas12a and recombinant polymerase amplification (RPA) technologies, we developed an accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection method for V. dahliae with paper-based lateral flow strips. A highly efficient and specific CRISPR RNA (crRNA) was designed for the GAPDH gene of V. dahliae and was validated using several closely related Verticillium spp. Excluding the time required for the DNA extraction from the complex samples, a minimum of 40 min was required for the detection time. The RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a detection system had a lower detection limit of ∼10 copies of genomic DNA per reaction and was able to successfully detect as little as one microsclerotium per gram of soil. In addition, field samples displaying symptoms suggestive of V. dahliae were able to be positively identified for the presence of V. dahliae. Taken together, this study broadens the applications of CRISPR/Cas12a nucleic acid detection to soilborne crop diseases and will contribute to the future development of field-deployable diagnostic tools.