bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open Comparison Study between Augmentin and Ampicillin-Chloramphenicol in the Treatment of Bronchopneumonia in Children
Authors: Abdoerrachman M. Hardjono
Published: October 2018

Sixty children under 2 years of age suffering from bronchopneumonia were evaluated for the effectiveness of the treatment. The first group consisted of 30 patients was treated with a single drug, i.e. , Augmentin (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid) as a study group. The second group was treated with a combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol as a control group. The two groups showed good clinical response to the the given treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms of bronchopneumonia disappeared within the similar period in both groups, including decrease of fever, disappearance of dyspnea, and diminution or disappearance of rales. The clinical effectiveness in this study, as measured by the disappearance of clinical signs and symptoms, was considered to have a success rate of 82.1% in the study group and 72.2% in control group.
Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Cyanotic Spells in Tetralogy of Fallot Patients
Authors: Ontoseno Teddy
Published: October 2018

A study was carried out on 114 tetralogy of Fallot patients attending the Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo Hospital between 1 January 1988 to 31 December 1992. Only 81 patients fulfilled our study criteria where 52 (64.2'%) were cases with complications such as cyanotic spells, 4 (4 .93%) among them had brain abscesses. Twenty-nine individuals without complications acted as controls. Age, sex, nutritional status, hematocrit, MCHC and onset of symptoms between the two groups were analyzed using the multiple regression logistic. It has been shown that relative anemia, polycythemia and the age of 2-5 years contributed to the onset of cyanotic spells, respectively, R = 0.3171 and p = 0 .0004; R = 0.2220 and p = 0 .0073; R = 0.1363 and p = 0.00465. Therefore, in conventional treatment of tetralogy of Fallot patients it is essential to observe these risk factors in order to avoid complications and to improve the quality of life in these patients who are on the waiting list for surgery.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Caused by Single Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: Batubara Jose R. L. , Siregar Paruhum T. , Lutfi M. , Makes Daniel , Hermawan Wawan
Published: October 2018

Primary hyperparathyroidism is rarely found in children under sixteen years old. We report the first case seen at the Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Indonesia, Jakarta. This 15-year old girl was admitted to the Department, referred by an orthopedic surgeon because of pathologic fractures suspected to be caused by hyperparathyroidism. The physical examination was unremarkable, and the laboratory findings showed increased level of parathyroid hormone. Roentgenologic examination showed lytic skull lesions, loss of the lamina dura of the dentis, subperiosteal resorption of the symphysis and generalized osteoporosis with pathologic fractures. Color Doppler USG using a high resolution ultrasound examination was performed to find the etiology of primary hyperparathyroidism. The result revealed single parathyroid adenoma in the right superior region measuring 2.7 x 1.7 x 1 cm. The clinical manifestation and laboratory findings showed improvement following surgery.
Norma, descentralización y ordenamiento territorial en la costa marítima bonaerense
Authors: Hernández Facundo Martin
Published: October 2018

La primera parte del artículo introduce al estudio de las normas y de la descentralización político–administrativa desde un ángulo geográfico, tomando como ejemplo la costa–marítima bonaerense y su ordenamiento territorial. En la segunda parte, se analiza el Decreto 3202/06, norma que parte de un diagnóstico crítico sobre la urbanización costera para dar lineamientos de (re)ordenamiento territorial que limiten los procesos de expansión inmobiliaria. Es la finalidad del trabajo demostrar cómo el decreto estudiado no detiene el proceso en cuestión sino que reorienta el modelo de desarrollo inmobiliario y solo lo limita espacialmente a un lejano plazo, reforzando la descentralización, al dejar a voluntad de los gobiernos municipales su aprobación e implementación. Metodológicamente, se realizó un digesto de leyes sobre ordenamiento territorial empleadas en la subregión y se aplicaron las fórmulas propuestas por el decreto a fin de poder analizar el alcance y las contradicciones que el mismo presenta.
Reallabore: Nuklei einer Wissenschaft für Nachhaltigkeit? Reflexionen der Gutachtergruppe zur ersten BaWü-Lab-Förderlinie
Authors: Zimpelmann Beate
Published: October 2018

Vor fünf Jahren veröffentlichte die Expertenkommission Wissenschaft für Nachhaltigkeit ihre Empfehlungen an die Landesregierung Baden-Württemberg. Eine zentrale Forderung war die Einrichtung von Reallaboren, die als Nuklei einer transformativen Wissenschaft
dienen sollten. Nach drei Jahren Förderung reflektiert die Gutachtergruppe erste Erfahrungen mit dem Forschungsformat Reallabore.
Sustainable Development ‐ Responsible Technologies and Management: Ein neuer Schwerpunkt an der Universität Linz
Authors: Lang Reinhold W. , Prammer Heinz K.
Published: October 2018

Angesichts der gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung der UN-Agenda 2030 für eine zukunftsverträgliche nachhaltige Entwicklung hat die Johannes Kepler Universität Linz die Thematik Sustainable Development ‐ Responsible Technologies and Management als neuen,
gesamtuniversitären Schwerpunkt verankert mit der Absicht, sich als akademische Einrichtung national und international gut zu positionieren.
Vom Regen in die Traufe: die sozial-ökologischen Schattenseiten der E-Mobilität
Authors: Brunnengräber Achim , Haas Tobias
Published: October 2018

Reaktion auf drei Beiträge in GAIA zum Thema Rohstoffversorgung für die Energiewende
In Search of a Decolonial Urban Transformation
Authors: Bruns Antje , Gerend Jennifer
Published: October 2018

We ask whether the WBGU report Humanity on the Move, as a major catalyst for urban sustainability science and agency, reproduces ways of thinking that could ultimately contradict the idea of a Great Transformation towards global sustainability. We contest the dominance of Western
knowledge on cities and urbanization which shapes much of the report, even while the urban future is largely unfolding in the Global South. We suggest taking theories from the South into account, as they open up our understanding of both urban scholarship and sustainability science in general.
Trybunał Rewolucyjny jako element systemu Terroru. Autonomizacja i administratywizacja Trybunału Rewolucyjnego
Authors: Muszyński Karol
Published: October 2018

Artykuł rozpoczyna krótkie wprowadzenie do historii Trybunału, później zawarto w nim rozważania dotyczące jego roli w systemie Terroru orazwarunki zdobycia przez niego autonomii wobec systemu prawa. Wykorzystana do tego została zaproponowana przez Norberta Eliasa teoria usamodzielniania się instytucji o charakterze politycznym i zdobywania przez nie znaczącej władzy na skutek silnych antagonizmów. Artykuł ma udowodnić, że wzmacnianiu Terroru oraz Trybunału Rewolucyjnego służyła specyficzna sytuacja konfl iktu zewnętrznego, wykorzystywanego do uzasadniania budowy instytucji służących następnie do rozwiązywania sporów wewnątrz elity władzy. Prześledzona została politycznoprawna autonomizacja Trybunału – od momentu, gdy był on silnie zakorzeniony w obrębie systemu prawa, aż do później fazy Terroru, całkowicie administratywizującej proces walki z politycznymi wrogami.
Indywidualizm czy socjologizm? Zasada swobody umów w projektach polskiego kodeksu zobowiązań z 1933 roku na tle porównawczym
Authors: Derek Michał
Published: October 2018

Po zakończeniu I wojny światowej i odzyskaniu przez Polskę niepodległościKomisja Kodyfikacyjna rozpoczęła prace nad stworzeniem nowego prawa zobowiązań. Uznano wtedy, że jedną z fundamentalnych kwestii, którą należy odpowiednio unormować, jest zasada swobody umów. W projektach kodeksu można dostrzec próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jaką rolę powinno się przypisać woli stron przy zawieraniu stosunków umownych. Próby ustosunkowania się do tego zagadnienia można odnaleźć w dwóch różniących się od siebie projektach prawa zobowiązań autorstwa Ignacego Koschembahra-Łyskowskiego oraz Romana Longchamps de Bérier.
O ustawie sukcesyjnej Bolesława Krzywoustego w kontrowersyjnym oświetleniu. W związku z pracą Jacka Osińskiego Statut Bolesława Krzywoustego, Wydawnictwo Avalon, Kraków 2014, ss. 271+ 5 tablic
Authors: Kosnowski Mateusz
Published: October 2018

Problem ustawy sukcesyjnej (ewentualnie statutu) księcia Bolesława Krzywoustego należy niewątpliwie do grupy najżywiej dyskutowanych zagadnień badawczych polskiej mediewistyki, począwszy od drugiej połowy XIX w., a skończywszy na pierwszych dwóch dekadach XXI stulecia. Może się zatem wydawać, że w dotychczasowej dyskusji na ten temat wyczerpano już wszelkie możliwości interpretacyjne, a każda kolejna praca podejmująca tę problematykę będzie miała charakter wtórny wobec już wypowiedzianych propozycji. Z tym większą uwagą należy zapoznać się z najnowszą rozprawą Jacka Osińskiego.
Refleksje w związku z książką Bellum iustum versus bellum sacrum. Uniwersalny spór w refl eksji średniowiecznej. Konstancja 1414- -1418, redakcja Zbigniew Rau i Tomasz Tulejski, Uniwersytet Łódzki – Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2014, ss. 451
Authors: Uruszczak Wacław , Górski Karol
Published: October 2018

Publikacja jest interesującym zamierzeniem badawczym. Jak wynika ze„Wstępu” pióra Zbigniewa Raua chodzi w niej o przypomnienie wielkiego prawniczego i doktrynalnego sukcesu, jaki odniosło Królestwo Polskie pod rządami króla Władysława Jagiełły nad Zakonem Krzyżackim na forum międzynarodowego kongresu, jakim był sobór w Konstancji (1414-1418). Sukces ten w ogólności polegał na przekonaniu uczestników soboru, a tym samym świata chrześcijańskiego, że Zakon, prowadząc wojny przeciwko pogańskim Prusom i tworząc na zagarniętych ziemiach swoje państwo, zajmując przy tym ziemie należne Królestwu Polskiemu, działał bezprawnie. Naruszał bowiem zasady prawa naturalnego, którego normy zasadzały się na woli boże.
Spis treści
Authors: - -
Published: October 2018

Spis treści
"Procedura wyboru rady municypalnej w Królestwie Polskim (1830-1831)"
Authors: Wolnicki Paweł
Published: October 2018

W dotychczasowych badaniach nad dziejami administracji na ziemiach polskich rzadko poruszana jest problematyka wyborów do samorządu miejskiego w okresie Rządu Narodowego w 1831 r. Z kolei tematyka dotycząca dawnego prawa wyborczego niemal nie dotyka charakterystyki tych wyborów. Prześledzenie tych zagadnień wydaje się potrzebne i to nie tylko dlatego, by uzupełnić pewną lukę badawczą, ale także w celu potwierdzenia funkcji wyborów w społeczeństwie nowożytnym.
O współczesnych badaniach krakowskich nad włoskim faszyzmem. Rozważania wokół prac Małgorzaty Kiwior-Filo i Joanny Sondel-Cedarmas
Authors: Maciejewski Marek
Published: October 2018

Krakowski ośrodek akademicki znany jest i ceniony już w Polsce, a nawet poza jej granicami, z badań nad autorytaryzmem i totalitaryzmem. Od wielu lat koncentrują się one zwłaszcza na Wydziale Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, a konkretnie rzecz ujmując – prowadzone są przede wszystkim przez zespoły pracowników naukowych skupionych do niedawna wokół zmarłego w 2015 r. profesora Wiesława Kozub-Ciembroniewicza i nadal wokół profesora Marka Bankowicza. Obaj uczeni owocnie współpracowali zresztą ze sobą w dziedzinie naukowej
Spis treści
Authors: - -
Published: October 2018

Spis treści i autorów
Stan obecny i przyszłość czołowego organu nauk historycznoprawnych w Polsce. Uwagi do dyskusji
Authors: Grodziski Stanisław
Published: October 2018

Pod koniec XX wieku, zwłaszcza po zmianie ustrojowej 1989 roku, pojawiła się – nie nowa zresztą – tendencja zmierzająca do przebudowy przedmiotów historycznoprawnych. Dążyć poczęto do usunięcia tych przedmiotów z programu pierwszego roku studiów, gdzie tradycyjnie służyły jako wprowadzenie do nauki prawa. Już wcześniej dążyć poczęto do ich kumulacji w postaci dwóch kierunków: historii ustroju oraz historii prawa. W niektórych ośrodkach trwale tego dokonano. Ograniczono w programach wykładu ilość godzin przeznaczonych na historię. Wiązało się to z nasilającymi się dążeniami do przeobrażenia uniwersyteckiego studium prawa
„Obecność” średniowiecza w kształceniu studentów wydziałów prawa
Authors: Dąbrowski Karol
Published: October 2018

The subject matter of the Middle Ages is permanently present in the education of law students in Poland. It appears during the following classes: the history of Polish law, the general history of law, the history of political and legal doctrines. The medieval tradition can be inspiring for logicians and methodologists of science. The students of administration and internal security also better understand contemporary legal institutions if they are compared with examples from the Middle Ages.
Ewolucja ustawodawstwa oświatowego w Anglii w XIX i XX wieku
Authors: Pyter Magdalena
Published: October 2018

The issues raised in the article concern the development of education law in England from the enactment of the School Sites Act of 1841 to the enactment of the Education Act of 1944 which was the first comprehensive education act in England. Firstly, the article presents the reasons behind the rapid development of English education in the second half of the 19th century. Furthermore, the paper delineates the influence of the economy and of the industrialization on the systematic dissemination of education. Particular attention was paid to the spread of education to the masses at the primary level and to the education ofthe poorest people. The article presents the successively enacted legislative acts and legislative work conducted on them in various types of committees (royal committees, government committees). Also, the results of the work of these committees is discussed, i.e. the reports prepared by the said committees which later were the basis of legislative acts.
Unifikacja i kodyfikacja wojskowej procedury karnej w II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Szczygieł Tomasz
Published: October 2018

Numerous changes were made in the Polish legal system in the interwar period. Not only did the unification and codification of common law take place but also of the regulations present in the court-martial. However, the court-martial regulations were compiled in a completely different way. The Codification Commission was not concerned in the issue at all. All of the unification and codification work in the armed forces was completed atthe Ministry of Military Affairs. Since the very beginning of the Polish Republic, there was awareness that one of the priorities of the forming army was the need to unify the military criminal procedure. This goal was achieved relatively fast as it was finished by the mid-1920s. It was possible due to the limitation of doctrinal discussions and due to the involvement of a small circle of military attorneys in the process. The criminal procedure of the Austrian military from 1912 was adopted as the unification solution after it was appropriately adjusted to the realities of the system and to the organization of the Polish army. The codification of the military criminal procedure did not take place until the mid- 30s of the 20th century. The development of the code was entrusted to Colonel Marian Buszyński from the Department of Justice of the Ministry of Military Affairs. He prepared the code of military criminal procedure in 1936. It combined the prior experiences of the military justice with the model of the criminal procedure present in common courts. Despite the indubitable similarities with the common criminal procedure, the military code was an original work. It included numerous and distinct legal solutions. Among them were both the ones which were completely different from the civilian procedure due to the specificity of the army as well as the solutions which functioned previously only in the sphere of doctrinal discussions.
W setną rocznicę powstania polskiego sądownictwa powszechnego (1917-2017)
Authors: Materniak-Pawłowska Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

W setną rocznicę powstania polskiego sądownictwa powszechnego (1917-2017)
Spory wokół Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w Polsce w latach 1981-1985
Authors: Mażewski Lech
Published: October 2018

The creation of the Constitutional Tribunal (1981, 1985), instead of a separate chamber of the Supreme Court, was accompanied by numerous discussions and sometimes even disputes. The process took place between 1981 and 1985. It was decided that in case of analyzing whether a law is constitutional and legal, the most important element is the existence of an independent state body such as the Constitutional Tribunal. Moreover, jurisdiction activity was brought into the purview of the Tribunal. In order to achieve this, the Parliament (Polish Sejm) had to enact a proper statutory law and to select judges for the Constitutional Tribunal. However, regardless ofall the legal deficiencies which accompanied the legal regime of the new body, it should be considered an important step in the construction of the constitutional judiciary in Poland. The jurisdiction activity of the Tribunal between 1986 and 1989 also attests to that. The constitutional legislator created such a model of the Tribunal which prevented it from being fully recognized as a constitutional court. The rationale behind this was thenecessity of preserving the Parliament’s superior position in the system of state bodies. The Tribunal was rather founded as a body to analyze the legality of law in order to ensure the supremacy of constitutional acts in the system of law sources. However, even such a legal solution had its significance from the point of view of protection of civil and political rights as well as of civil liberties.
Cybernetyczne spojrzenie na prawo – przyczynek do historii cybernetyki prawniczej
Authors: Górny Maciej Henryk
Published: October 2018

Cybernetics is a science devoted to control while law is one of the methods of social control. Cyberneticists’ interest in law as well as the interest in cybernetics exhibited by lawyers are both natural. The article describes the history of the development of human thought which finally led to the creation of cybernetics. The paper reaches as far back in time as Ancient Greece where the notions of power and governing were researched scientificallyand discussed publically. Conversely, the ancient countries of the Middle East treated the issues of power as magic and they were considered arcane knowledge. Furthermore, the article mentions the cybernetics concepts which Trentowski expressed in his treaty from 1843. Next, it contains a description of Wiener’s views on law. Wiener is considered to be the creator of cybernetics as a separate branch of science. Also the reasons behind fightingcybernetics in the USSR were discussed as well as why it was promoted there afterwards. Moreover, publications on the subject of law and cybernetics by three Polish legal theorists (Studnicki, Kisza and Malinowski) were presented. The most important achievements and the main assumptions of the Polish school of cybernetics were delineated. It was first created by Marian Mazur and then further developed by Józef Kossecki. Also the views of some of the Polish cyberneticists on the subject of law were portrayed. The use of cybernetics by Polish forensic scientists was mentioned, especially by Mirosław Owoc. There is also included a reference to the most recent publications on the subject matter of law and cybernetics. Suitable juxtapositions, comparisons and summaries were made. Even though the articleconcentrates on an antiquarian approach instead of a substantive one, it more than once emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of each idea.
Koncepcje suwerenności i prawa do oporu w De iure regni apud Scotos („O władzy królewskiej wśród Szkotów”) George’a Buchanana
Authors: Wilmanowicz Maciej
Published: October 2018

The aim of the article is to analyze the concept of sovereignty and the right of revolution laid down by the Scottish humanist George Buchanan in his dialogue “De jure regni apud Scotos” (“A dialogue, concerning the due privilege of government in the kingdom of Scotland”) in 1567. These concepts were grounded in the context of both philosophical and anthropological views of Buchanan himself. The paper presents Buchanan’s views pertaining to human nature and natural law. Moreover, it shows how deeply these notions influenced the shape of his concepts of authority, community, law as well as of their mutualinterdependence. The article also highlights the ambiguous character of the institutional dimension of the Scotsman’s theory and, at the same time, it emphasizes the coherence of his political and legal philosophy.
Powtórzenie (recydywa) przestępstw w rosyjskim prawie karnym XIX w.
Authors: Machlańska Joanna
Published: October 2018

The legal institution of the recurrence of crime is nothing new in Russian criminallaw. Recidivism, in the colloquial meaning of the term, is considered to be a repetition of the offence. Furthermore, it is treated as such regardless of whether the new forbidden act is the same, similar or different from the previous one. It is also classified as recidivism regardless of the period of time which elapsed from the previous criminal act. The following article presents the construction of the recurrence of crime in the Russian legislation in the19th century (at the time the legislator did not use the term “recidivism”). Furthermore, an analysis of various regulations from that period is included, i.e., the Digest of Laws of the Russian Empire, the Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishments as well as the statute concerning punishments imposed by the justices of the peace.
Ewolucja instrumentów prawnych ochrony wiarygodności dokumentów w systemie common law na przykładzie Irlandii zależnej i niepodległej
Authors: Jankowska-Prochot Izabela
Published: October 2018

The aim of the analysis presented in the following article is to delineate the historical outline and the evolution of the criminal law regulations in the area of forgery of documents in Ireland under foreign rule and in independent Ireland. Special emphasis is placed on the implementation of English and later British legal solutions in Ireland as well as on their substantive similarities. A significant part of the deliberations is also devoted tomodern regulations in the aforementioned area. Special attention is paid to the culpability (sometimes called the subjective element of a crime or Mens rea in Latin) and conduct (sometimes called the objective element of a crime or Actus reus in Latin) side of crime. Another discussed element is the punishment one is subjected to for committing the said offense. The study of the present issues is based on both the statutory interpretation of theprevious and current regulations as well as on the doctrine and judicature. The assumed direct correlation to the structure of the article. The paper consists of an introduction, chapters devoted foreign rule and in independent Ireland as well as conclusions.
Framing w badaniach szkolnictwa wyższego – przegląd międzynarodowych periodyków naukowych
Authors: Rzyska Aleksandra
Published: October 2018

Wobec rosnącego zainteresowania tematyką szkolnictwa wyższego w publicznych debatach wzrasta także potrzeba badań nastawionych na analizy publicznego dyskursu. Jedną z interesujących perspektyw dla badań zajmujących się dyskursem jest koncepcja ramowania (framing), która jest związana z procesami przypisywania znaczeń, selekcjonowania i uwypuklania określonych kwestii w publicznych przekazach. Celem artykułu jest analiza anglojęzycznej literatury naukowej z zakresu szkolnictwa wyższego i rozpoznanie, w jaki sposób koncepcja ramowania jest wykorzystywana w zagranicznych badaniach prowadzonych w tym obszarze. Przeglądem objęto dziewięć międzynarodowych periodyków naukowych podejmujących zagadnienia związane z obszarem szkolnictwa wyższego. Wybrane doniesienia z badań wykorzystujące koncepcję framingu zostały przeanalizowane m.in. pod kątem takich kryteriów jak: przedmiot prowadzonych badań, rodzaj materiałów empirycznych, specyfika tematyczna, metoda badawcza czy perspektywa teoretyczna.
Concepts and Methods of Mathematic Modelling of Plant Growth and Development. Plant Germination -Part I
Authors: Kocira Sławomir
Published: October 2018

Contemporary agricultural engineering searches for “safe” methods of raising crop yields, using a combination of knowledge from a number of sciences. Thus, computer modelling of plant growth and development fits this range, because it has become an area of interdisciplinary research. Presentation of knowledge in the form of mathematical computer models is one of paradigms of agricultural production systems based on the scientific and practical knowledge and information. In the scientific activity concerning agricultural engineering research tasks related to mathematical modelling of agrobiological processes have been carried out for many years. Additionally, the use of modern forecasting techniques in agriculture may bring real financial advantages with regard to the fact that based on crop yield prediction estimation of their cultivation profitability is possible. Dynamic and continuous progress of computer and informative technologies creates new opportunities showing thus growth directions of agricultural engineering. Taking this into consideration, it should be emphasised that mathematical modelling constitutes a support for decision processes which take place in agricultural production. This article discusses mathematical models, where the analysed system is described with the use of mathematical formulas. The objective of the paper was to present the current state of knowledge on mathematical methods in describing and predicting seeds germination. Possibilities of their use and new challenges which occur in the description of seeds germination were presented.
The Application of Computer Image Analysis Based on Textural Features for the Identification of Barley Kernels Infected with Fungi of the Genus Fusarium
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to develop discrimination models based on textural features for the identification of barley kernels infected with fungi of the genus Fusarium and healthy kernels. Infected barley kernels with altered shape and discoloration and healthy barley kernels were scanned. Textures were computed using MaZda software. The kernels were classified as infected and healthy with the use of the WEKA application. In the case of RGB, Lab and XYZ color models, the classification accuracies based on 10 selected textures with the highest discriminative power ranged from 95 to 100%. The lowest result (95%) was noted in XYZ color model and Multi Class Classifier for the textures selected using the Ranker method and the OneR attribute evaluator. Selected classifiers were characterized by 100% accuracy in the case of all color models and selection methods. The highest number of 100% results was obtained for the Lab color model with Naive Bayes, LDA, IBk, Multi Class Classifier and J48 classifiers in the Best First selection method with the CFS subset evaluator.
Statistical Modelling of the Number of Infected Fruiting Bodies of Common Mushrooms in Cultivation Integrated with Preparations Containing Beneficial Microorganisms
Authors: Szwedziak Katarzyna , Polańczyk Ewa
Published: October 2018

Due to low effectiveness or high costs of using chemical agents in the protection of common mushrooms, producers are forced to look for alternative methods of protection. One such method is the use of preparations containing beneficial microorganisms. A statistical evaluation of this mushroom protection method and determination of the number of infected fruiting bodies is presented in this paper
Homogenization of a net of periodic critically scaled boundary obstacles related to reverse osmosis “nano-composite” membranes
Authors: Díaz Jesús Ildefonso , Gómez-Castro David , Podolskiy Alexander V. , Shaposhnikova Tatiana A.
Published: October 2018

One of the main goals of this paper is to extend some of the
mathematical techniques of some previous papers by the authors showing
that some very useful phenomenological properties which can be
observed at the nano-scale can be simulated and justified
mathematically by means of some homogenization processes when a
certain critical scale is used in the corresponding framework. Here
the motivating problem in consideration is formulated in the context
of the reverse osmosis. We consider, on a part of the boundary of a
domain

Ω
⊂

ℝ
n

{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}}

, a set of very small periodically distributed
semipermeable membranes having an ideal infinite permeability
coefficient (which leads to Signorini-type boundary conditions) on a
part

Γ
1

{\Gamma_{1}}

of the boundary. We also assume that a possible chemical
reaction may take place on the membranes. We obtain the rigorous
convergence of the problems to a homogenized problem in which there is
a change in the constitutive nonlinearities. Changes of this type are
the reason for the big success of the nanocomposite materials. Our
proof is carried out for membranes not necessarily of radially
symmetric shape. The definition of the associated critical scale
depends on the dimension of the space (and it is quite peculiar for
the special case of

n
=
2

{n=2}

). Roughly speaking, our result proves that the
consideration of the critical case of the scale leads to a
homogenized formulation which is equivalent to having a global
semipermeable membrane, at the whole part of the boundary

Γ
1

{\Gamma_{1}}

, with a
“finite permeability coefficient of this virtual membrane”, which is
the best we can get, even if the original problem involves a set of membranes of any arbitrary finite
permeability coefficients.
Explaining Earth’s Stability by Uniformity: Origins of the Argument
Authors: Kočandrle Radim
Published: October 2018

Aristotle ascribes to Anaximander a conception according to which the Earth remains in its place due to uniformity. Plato shows that this argument’s validity is based on both the Earth and the universe being spherical. Anaximander, however, believed the Earth to be flat. Since Aetius ascribes the abovementioned reasoning also to Parmenides, in whose work we find hits to spherical shapes, the argument might be based on Parmenides’ thoughts.
Sensing History. On the Uses of Medium-Specific Noise in Eastern European Found Footage Films
Authors: Blos-Jáni Melinda
Published: October 2018

This article examines how sensual aspects of the moving image, such as visual errors, blurring and technical disturbances are employed in found footage films dealing with Eastern European socialist past and the regime changing events. In the selected films Eastern European socialist visual culture is reworked with the cinematic practices of the post-media age in order to shape the spectators’ historical consciousness. By deliberate reframing and intensifying the medium-specific noises of the archival sources, or by an artificially created visual precariousness a new type of spectatorial awareness is created. The article delineates four different strategies through which the mediality of the recycled archival footage is brought to the fore and made operational (engaging the senses of its viewers).
Approaches to Studying Intermediality in Contemporary Cinema
Authors: Pethő Ágnes
Published: October 2018

The article attempts a brief overview and evaluation of the main theoretical approaches that have emerged in the study of cinematic intermediality in the last decades since intermediality has become an established research term in media studies. It distinguishes three major paradigms in theorizing intermedia phenomena and outlines some of the directions of change in the intermedial strategies of recent films. It identifies in contemporary cinema a tendency to add new dimensions to the relations of in-betweenness regarding both the connection of cinema to reality and its inter-art entanglements. Finally, the article describes a new type of intermediality, which integrates elements of trans-textuality, creating a format of expanded cinema within cinema. This strategy is presented in the context of Eastern European cinema through a short case study of Cristi Puiu’s film,Sieranevada(2016).
Effect of the Position of Defined Local Defect on the Mechanical Performance of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Ashir Moniruddoza , Nocke Andreas , Cherif Chokri
Published: October 2018

Considering their energy and resource efficiency, fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs) have been displacing metals and metal alloys for lightweight constructions. During the semiautomated manufacturing process of FRPs, and in particular during the laying of reinforced fabric layers, foreign bodies are enclosed within them, which in turn reduce the mechanical performance of FRPs. The research project presented in this article investigated if the loss in mechanical properties, such as tensile, flexural, and impact strengths, depends on the position of defined local defects, polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) in this case, in the thickness direction of FRPs. In order to achieve this aim, PTFE was placed in different layers of reinforcing fabric before infusion. Subsequently, the mechanical performance of the fabricated FRPs was tested and evaluated. On the basis of the experiment, it can be concluded that the loss in mechanical properties was maximal if PTFE was laid in the middle position of FRPs in the thickness direction.
The effect of commercial feed supplemented with selected yeast, probiotics and herbal additives on the growth performance of juvenile dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus).
Authors: Madibana Molatelo Junior , Mbokane Lucia Matlale , Fouché Chris Henri
Published: October 2018

The main objective of this investigation was to test the effect of a standard commercial feed (Skretting Active ZA) on the growth performance of juvenile dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus), compared to the same feed when supplemented with six commercially available additives over a period of 10 weeks. A common additive in trial treatments contained two yeast strains (84% Candida utilis and 16% Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that were incorporated at 33% of the total feed mass. The yeast combined diet was also tested per se as a base experimental diet (BED). In the remaining five trials the BED was respectively mixed with selected herbal extracts or pharmaceutical probiotics to comparatively measure possible superimposed growth enhancement. Herbal extracts were Aquapro® (herbal powder), Liv-Up® (herbal granule), Liv-Up® (liquid) and UNBP-20® (liquid). The pharmaceutical 2-strain probiotic was Probiflora® (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidus). Experimental diets closely reflected comparative approximate nutrient values with respect to protein (46-48%), carbohydrate (17-18%), fat (14%) and fibre (11-12%) content. Juvenile dusky kob (n=50 per tank) of about 5.77±1.28 g were experimentally grown for 10 weeks in tanks (465 L) of a suitable recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) (24-25°C) with natural lighting. Supplement added diets induced a substantial average body growth of 43.3 g, except for slower (P<0.05) growth measured for the Live-Up®-liquid additive trial. The SGR was of the same magnitude between the BED and its complex with the mentioned additives. Also, the BED (46.5% protein) mediated a faster SGR (P<0.05) than the control diet without yeast (50% protein). The best FCR (0.95) was achieved with the BED added herbal product UN-BP20®. The dietary inclusion of the inactivated yeast types is recommended for dusky kob commercial diets since it showed enhanced growth performance and possible production viability.
Causality and Modelling in the Sciences: Introduction
Authors: Jiménez-Buedo María , Russo Federica
Published: October 2018

The advantage of examining causality from the perspective of modelling is thus that it puts us naturally closer to the practice of the sciences. This means being able to set up an interdisciplinary dialogue that contrasts and compares modelling practices in different fields, say economics and biology, medicine and statistics, climate change and physics. It also means that it helps philosophers looking for questions that go beyond the narrow ‘what-is-causality’ or ‘what-are-relata’ and thus puts causality right at the centre of a complex crossroad: epistemology/methodology, metaphysics, politics/ethics. This special issue collects nine papers that touch upon various scientific fields, from system biology to medicine to quantum mechanics to economics, and different questions, from explanation and prediction to the role of both true and false assumptions in modelling.
Are Model Organisms Theoretical Models?
Authors: Parkkinen Veli-Pekka
Published: October 2018

This article compares the epistemic roles of theoretical models and model organisms in science, and specifically the role of non-human animal models in biomedicine. Much of the previous literature on this topic shares an assumption that animal models and theoretical models have a broadly similar epistemic role—that of indirect representation of a target through the study of a surrogate system. Recently, Levy and Currie (2015) have argued that model organism research and theoretical modelling differ in the justification of model-to-target inferences, such that a unified account based on the widely accepted idea of modelling as indirect representation does not similarly apply to both. I defend a similar conclusion, but argue that the distinction between animal models and theoretical models does not always track a difference in the justification of model-to-target inferences. Case studies of the use of animal models in biomedicine are presented to illustrate this. However, Levy and Currie’s point can be argued for in a different way. I argue for the following distinction. Model organisms (and other concrete models) function as surrogate sources of evidence, from which results are transferred to their targets by empirical extrapolation. By contrast, theoretical modelling does not involve such an inductive step. Rather, theoretical models are used for drawing conclusions from what is already known or assumed about the target system. Codifying assumptions about the causal structure of the target in external representational media (e.g. equations, graphs) allows one to apply explicit inferential rules to reach conclusions that could not be reached with unaided cognition alone (cf. Kuorikoski and Ylikoski 2015).
Toward a Causal Interpretation of the Common Factor Model
Authors: Van Bork Riet , Wijsen Lisa D. , Rhemtulla Mijke
Published: October 2018

Psychological constructs such as personality dimensions or cognitive traits are typically unobserved and are therefore measured by observing so-called indicators of the latent construct (e.g., responses to questionnaire items or observed behavior). The Common Factor Model (CFM) models the relations between the observed indicators and the latent variable. In this article we argue in favor of interpreting the CFM as a causal model rather than merely a statistical model, in which common factors are only descriptions of the indicators. When there is sufficient reason to hypothesize that the underlying causal structure of the data is a common cause structure, a causal interpretation of the CFM has several benefits over a merely statistical interpretation of the model. We argue that (1) a causal interpretation conforms with most research questions in which the goal is toexplainthe correlations between indicators rather than merely summarizing them; (2) a causal interpretation of the factor model legitimizes the focus onshared, rather than unique variance of the indicators; and (3) a causal interpretation of the factor model legitimizes the assumption of local independence.
Group genitive in Swedish – s-genitive as a phrase marker
Authors: Piotrowska Alicja
Published: October 2018

In this paper I discuss the constructions with the group genitive and their use in today’s Swedish. The development of the s-genitive from a diachronic perspective, its degrammaticalization and the status of the s-genitive are discussed. The aim of the paper is to examine and analyse the use of the group genitive in the Swedish nominal phrases in three contexts, i. e. coordinated nominal phrases, nominal phrase with a prepositional phrase and nominal phrase with a relative clause. The group genitive’s domain is above all spoken, colloquial language. The analysed material consists of authentic examples of everyday use of language from the Swedish corpus Språkbanken and a questionnaire conducted among native speakers. The study shows that the group genitive is very productive with various types of nominal phrases in Swedish, even though it is still limited to colloquial and non-formal use of language.
Comics creation as a social experiment: Simon Gärdenfors’ playful performance
Authors: Ernst Nina
Published: October 2018

This paper examines the work of Swedish comics creator Simon Gärdenfors, Simons 120 dagar, as an example of autobiographical comic art in which the concepts of performance and performativity, as developed by Erika Fischer-Lichte, are applied to explore aspects of self-construction. It discusses Gärdenfors’ performative action as a means of extracting experiences with the intention of making artistic work. Self-construction is shaped in relation to the participants in the art project. The work is the product of a social project, but also in relation to elements staged before the advent of the work. By exploring how Gärdenfors’ idea was enunciated and what it achieved, we can examine how he stretches compositional limits and how his graphic memoir becomes a part of a larger artistic event. By working as a performance artist during his production of the book, and by commenting and sometimes interacting with his readers in blog form before, during and after, Gärdenfors’ work attains a performative dimension.
Study on the Evolution of Damage Degradation at Different Temperatures and Strain Rates for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Gao Lin , Zhao Jiang , Quan Guo-zheng , Xiong Wei , An Chao
Published: October 2018

It is a significant issue to deeply understand the nature relationships between damage degradation and deforming parameters, and then identify the changes of initial ductile fracture time with processing parameters and further adjusting the forming processes for obtaining the fracture-free components. For Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the strain-stress data in the temperature range of 1023–1323 K and strain rate range of 0.01–10 s−1 were obtained by compression tests. The finite element model with stress-strain data was constructed to simulate the ductile damage cumulating processes under different conditions and obtained the maximum damage values. Subsequently, the ductile fracture criterion (DFC) of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was established and the effects of temperature and strain rate on DFC were discussed. The results show that the variation range of DFC under different deformation conditions is 0.07–0.15. Subsequently, the deformation conditions with higher fracture risk were identified as 1200∼1275 K & 1∼10 s−1 and verified with the experiment observations.
Englishes and cosmopolitanisms in South Africa
Authors: Rudwick Stephanie
Published: October 2018

Against the background of South Africa’s ‘official’ policy of multilingualism, this study explores some of the socio-cultural dynamics of English as a lingua franca (ELF) in relation to how cosmopolitanism is understood in South Africa. More specifically, it looks at the link between ELF and cosmopolitanism in higher education. In 2016, students at Stellenbosch University (SU) triggered a language policy change that enacted English (as opposed to Afrikaans) as the primary medium of teaching and learning. English has won recognition as the academic lingua franca for at least two socio-political reasons: First, English is considered more ‘neutral’ than Afrikaans (which continues to be strongly associated with Afrikanerdom), and second, English is arguably associated with cosmopolitanism and an international institutional status. Despite English being the academic lingua franca, it continues to be caught in an ambivalent climate with tensions among policy planners, language practitioners, higher education managers, academic staff and students. Ultimately, this paper argues that ambiguity is one of the most defining features of English in South Africa and that a complex range of Cosmopolitan, Afropolitan and glocal African identity trajectories reflect the power dynamics of English in the country.
Maintaining borders: From border guards to diplomats
Authors: Español Alicia , Marsico Giuseppina , Tateo Luca
Published: October 2018

The article aims at integrating the cultural psychology perspective of into the multidisciplinary field of border studies. It analyses the border phenomenon as a co-genetic system. The authors investigate the psychological side of people who relate to the border out of different motives. Then, it expands some of the theoretical concepts current in border studies by introducing psychological dimensions such as intentionality and directionality. Finally, the framework is applied to two case-studies representing the northern and southern European Union frontiers: the case of Estonian officer Eston Kohver in the Setumaa region on the Estonian–Russian border; and the experiences of border guards in the re-bordering process on the Spanish–Moroccan border. It offers an innovative conceptual resource based on a triadic co-genetic epistemological approach, which allows us to overcome the binary oppositions still very present in the contemporary debates in borders studies.
Selected socio-economic factors of health literacy of the poor
Authors: Řimnáčová Zuzana , Kajanová Alena , Břízová Bohdana
Published: October 2018

Our article is focused on selected socio-economic aspects of health literacy of poor persons in the South Bohemian Region. In addition to determining the level of health literacy, we test its relationship to income and education level and examine how difficult it is for the target group to pay for medicines and visit a physician if needed. We also focus on the causes of such difficulties. The research was conducted in 2016 on a sample of 254 persons entitled to state material poverty benefits in the South Bohemian Region. A structured interview was used, including the administration of the short form of the standardized Health Literacy questionnaire, with several additional questions on the respondents’ socio-economic situation. The data were statistically processed using SPSS. The results showed the respondents had an insufficient level of health literacy, and that a high proportion had difficulty paying for medicines and visiting their physician when required. Health literacy is not related to income but to education level.
Numerical Treatment of the Modified Burgers’ Equation via Backward Differentiation Formulas of Orders Two and Three
Authors: Mukundan Vijitha , Awasthi Ashish
Published: October 2018

We present an efficient numerical method for solving the nonlinear modified Burgers’ equation (MBE) using the multi-step method. The nonlinear MBE is first discretized along the spatial direction alone by using the method of lines technique, and this method converts the MBE to a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations. Multistep methods are employed to solve the nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations. Applicability of the proposed numerical techniques is established through test examples. Discrete root mean square error norm

(

L

2

)

$(L_{2})$

and maximum error norm

(

L

∞

)

$(L_{\infty})$

are computed and presented for demonstrating the accuracy of the present numerical method. Numerical experiments supported by figures shows that the proposed numerical scheme shows excellent agreement with exact solution and is superior to some existing numerical methods.