bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RODRÍGUEZ MUÑOZ, María Luisa; VEROZ GONZÁLEZ, María Azahara (eds.). Languages and Texts, Translation and Interpreting in Cross Cultural Environments. Córdoba: UCOPress, 2016. ISBN: 978-84-9927-259-7. 177 pp.
Authors: Fernández Vasco Concepción
Published: January 2020

En nuestros días, la función del traductor e intérprete es tanto útil como necesaria. Vivimos en un mundo globalizado y por ende, todo lo que se exporta, importa y comercializa en un idioma distinto al nuestro, debe ser traducido o interpretado para que llegue a toda la población. Entre ellos se encuentran desde debates políticos hasta obras artísticas como películas, series, libros… Inclusive la ropa que nos ponemos, los productos de los que nos alimentamos o las relaciones internacionales entre naciones.Sin embargo, ¿qué sería de nuestra profesión sin aquellos que la estudian y luchan día a día por su reconocimiento laboral y profesional? La obra que reseño es una obra que compila diez artículos que recogen investigaciones relativas al ámbito de la traductología, ciencia que estudia la traducción (e interpretación), para así conformar en su conjunto una obra que atañe nuevas perspectivas acerca de un gran número de ámbitos teórico-prácticos. Predominan aquellos de traducción audiovisual; en sus versiones cinematográfica, de subtitulado, de videojuegos y localización, traducción de cómic, la dicotomía entre traducción automática y traducción humana, la didáctica de la interpretación y las diferentes estrategias de traducción en la interculturalidad.Fue publicado en UCO Press en el año 2016, la editorial de la Universidad de Córdoba, siendo editado por María Luisa Rodríguez Muñoz y María Azahara Veroz González.
The Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus expression system reveals the wheat C2H2 zinc finger protein TaZFP1B as a key regulator of drought tolerance
Authors: Cheuk Arnaud , Ouellet François , Houde Mario
Published: January 2020

Background Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting wheat production globally. Improving drought tolerance is important for agriculture sustainability. Although various morphological, physiological and biochemical responses associated with drought tolerance have been documented, the molecular mechanisms and regulatory genes that are needed to improve drought tolerance in crops require further investigation. We have used a novel 4-component version (for overexpression) and a 3-component version (for underexpression) of a barley stripe mosaic virus-based (BSMV) system for functional characterization of the C2H2-type zinc finger protein TaZFP1B in wheat. These expression systems avoid the need to produce transgenic plant lines and greatly speeds up functional gene characterization. Results We show that overexpression of TaZFP1B stimulates plant growth and up-regulates different oxidative stress-responsive genes under well-watered conditions. Plants that overexpress TaZFP1B are more drought tolerant at critical periods of the plant’s life cycle. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis revealed that plants overexpressing TaZFP1B reprogram their transcriptome, resulting in physiological and physical modifications that help wheat to grow and survive under drought stress. In contrast, plants transformed to underexpress TaZFP1B are significantly less tolerant to drought and growth is negatively affected. Conclusions This study clearly shows that the two versions of the BSMV system can be used for fast and efficient functional characterization of genes in crops. The extent of transcriptome reprogramming in plants that overexpress TaZFP1B indicates that the encoded transcription factor is a key regulator of drought tolerance in wheat.
Elastography for the Diagnosis of High-Suspicion Thyroid Nodules Based on the 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Li Hairu , Peng Yulan , Wang Yan , Ai Hong , Zhou Xiaodong , Yang Lichun , Yan Kun , Xiao Ying , Liu Lisha , Luo Baoming , Yong Qiang , Cong Shuzhen , Jiang Shuangquan , Fu Xin , Ma Buyun , Li Yi , Zhang Xixi , Gong Xue , Chen Haitao , Liu Wenying , Tang Ling , LV Xiaoyu , Zhao Xinbao , Li Liang , Gan Kehong , Tian Jiawei
Published: January 2020

Background:An accurate diagnosis for high-suspicion nodules based on the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines would reduce unnecessary invasive examinations. Elastography is a useful tool for discriminating benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Aims:To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of elastography for high-suspicion thyroid nodules based on the 2015 ATA guidelines in the Chinese population.Materials and Methods:Thyroid nodules with high-suspicion characteristics based on the 2015 ATA guidelines were subjected to conventional ultrasound (US) and ultrasound strain elastography (USE) examinations at 12 hospitals from 4 geographic regions across China. Cytology/histology of thyroid nodules was used as a reference method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the elasticity score (ES) and strain ratio (SR). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of malignancy.Results:Overall, a total of 1445 thyroid nodules (834 malignant, 611 benign) from 12 centers were included in the final analysis. The areas under the curve of the ES and SR were 0.828 and 0.732, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the ES were 92.4%, 60.7%, 79.0%, 76.3% and 85.5%, respectively, and those of the SR were 81.1%, 50.1%, 68.9%, 65.9% and 67.9%, respectively. The combination of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) and ES led to a significant increase in the sensitivity and NPV (97.1% and 91.9%, respectively) compared with the TI-RADS alone. Logistic regression analysis showed that microcalcifications (OR=5.290), taller than wide (OR=12.710), irregular margins (OR=10.117), extrathyroidal extension (ETE; OR=6.412), the ES (OR=3.741) and the SR (OR=1.083) were independent predictors of malignant thyroid nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of the ES were all superior in nodules ≥1 cm than in those <1 cm (95.0% vs 90.4%, 68.8% vs 56.8%, 85.9% vs 74.4%, 85.2% vs 69.9%, and 87.8% vs 84.2%, respectively).Conclusions:Elastography combined with the ES is a valuable tool for the assessment of high-suspicion thyroid nodules based on the 2015 ATA guidelines, especially in nodules ≥1 cm.
Sexual orientation disparities in food insecurity and food assistance resource use in U.S. adult women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2014
Authors: Patterson Joanne G , Russomanno Jennifer , Tree Jennifer M Jabson
Published: January 2020

Background. Nearly 40 million American adults report past year food insecurity. This is concerning, as food insecurity is associated with chronic disease morbidity and premature mortality. Women disproportionately experience food insecurity, and sexual minority women (i.e., lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women reporting same-sex behavior) may be at greater risk for experiencing food insecurity disparities. The purpose of this study was to investigate patterns and prevalence of food insecurity and food assistance resource use in sexual minority and exclusively heterosexual women using population-level health surveillance data.

Methods. We pooled 2004-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Women were classified by sexual identity and lifetime same-sex behavior to create subgroups of lesbian, bisexual, heterosexual women reporting same-sex behavior (heterosexual WSW), and exclusively heterosexual women. We compared groups on past 12-month food insecurity, severe food insecurity, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and emergency food assistance resource use using multivariable Poisson regression models to estimate weighted prevalence ratios.

Results. Lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual WSW were more likely to report past 12-month food insecurity and severe food insecurity than exclusively heterosexual women: prevalence ratios (PR) ranged from 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07,1.75) to 1.77 (95% CI = 1.08-2.91). No differences were found in SNAP participation by sexual orientation, but more lesbians and heterosexual WSW reported using emergency food assistance in the past 12-months (PR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.34, 2.88 and PR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.05, 2.06 respectively).

Conclusions. Food insecurity—including disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake—is overrepresented in sexual minority women. Lesbians and heterosexual WSW are also more likely to rely on emergency food assistance. This is problematic as SNAP use may reduce food insecurity over time, but emergency food resources (e.g., food pantries) do not. More evidence is needed to understand the multilevel factors driving food insecurity in this population, with to develop policy and community-based efforts to increase SNAP participation and decrease food insecurity.
Comparison of Clinical Results of Anteromedial and Transtibial Femoral Tunnel Drilling in ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Metso Leena , Nyrhinen Kirsi-Maaria , Bister Ville , Sandelin Jerker , Harilainen Arsi
Published: January 2020

Background: This study compares long term results of two femoral bone tunnels in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The femoral tunnel can be drilled transtibially (TT) or through an anteromedial portal (AM). Methods: 300 patients with ACL reconstructions were chosen for this study. They were divided into two groups: 150 patients with anteromedial drilling (AM) and 150 with transtibial (TT) drilling. In the AM group the reconstructions were performed using semitendinosus graft with Tape Locking Screw (TLS™) technique (n=87) or Retrobutton™ femoral and BioScrew™ tibial fixation with a semitendinosus-gracilis graft (n=63). In the TT group the fixation method used was Rigidfix™ femoral and Intrafix tibial fixation. The evaluation methods were clinical examination, knee scores (Lysholm, Tegner, IKDC) and instrumented laxity measurements (KT-2000™). Our aim was to evaluate if there is a better rotational stability and therefore better clinical results when using AM drilling. Results: In the AM group there were 18 and in the TT group 17 revision procedures which were excluded from the study, leaving 132 patients in the AM group and 133 in the TT group for evaluation. In the one year follow-up there were 90 patients (68,2 %) in the AM group and 86 patients (64,7 %) in the TT group. In the two year follow-up there were 60 (45,5 %) and 58 (43,6 %) patients, respectively. The Tegner activity level was consistently higher in the TT group from preoperatively to two year follow-up postoperatively (p < 0.05). The IKDC score was better at two year follow-up in the TT group (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis was done using the BMDP Statistical Package (Statistical Solutions Ltd, Cork, Ireland). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in IKDC score at two year follow-up, in favor of the TT drilling group compared with the AM group (p < 0.05). No other differences were found between these groups. Both drilling techniques resulted in improved patient performance and patient satisfaction. Also, we found no data supporting the hypothesis that AM drilling technique provides better rotational stability to the knee. Trial registration: ISRCTN16407730 Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; clinical outcome; anteromedial; transtibial
Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy determination of sex chromosome aneuploidy screened by non-invasive prenatal testing from 52,453 unselected singleton pregnancies: a retrospective analysis of 4-year experience
Authors: Luo Xiaojin , Hu Liang , Pei Yuanyuan , Cong Xiaoyi , Liu Xiaoyi , Chen Jing , Li Gaochi , Wen Lijuan , Liu Jinxing , Ran Jian , Wei Fengxiang
Published: January 2020

Objective To estimate the positive predictive value (PPV) of fetal sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) screened in non-selective population and explore the rate of pregnancy termination and ultrasound findings for fetal SCA and the factors influencing parents’ decisions in South China.Methods This is a large-scale retrospective cohort of positive SCA screened from unselected singleton pregnancies by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) from a single prenatal center of a tertiary hospital, from January 2016 to November 2019. Clinical information, indications, diagnostic results, ultrasound findings, pregnancy determinations, and follow-up were reviewed and analyzed.Results 248 cases of SCA positive were screened out of 52453, giving a positive detection rate of 0.47%. The majority of indications (42.7%) were low-risk pregnancies. After genetic counseling, 43 pregnancies (17.3%) declined to prenatal diagnosis, the rest of 205 cases (82.7%) conducted with amniocentesis to detect fetal chromosome, of which 95 were confirmed as true positive of SCA with PPV of 46.3% (95/205). The SCA consisted of 68 sex chromosomal trisomies (26 cases of 47,XXY, 20 cases of 47,XXX and 22 cases of 47,XYY), 17 cases of monosomy X (45,X), three cases of 48,XXYY, three cases of mosaicisms (45,X/46,XX), four cases with sex chromosomal deletions, included two cases of 46,X,del(Y)(q11.21), one case of 46,X,del(X)(p11) and one case of 46,X,i(X)(q10). Of the 95 cases confirmed as true positive SCA, 50 cases (52.6%)chose to terminate the pregnancy (82.6%, 64.3%, 17.6% and 33.3% for 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX and 47,XYY, respectively), 45 cases (47.4%) elected to continue the pregnancy. Ninety-three pregnant were also continued pregnancy after the exclusion of SCA.Conclusions NIPT, as a first-tier routine method for screening autosomal aneuploidies, also could play an important role in screening SCA. Low-risk pregnant women are the main indication for the detection of SCA as NIPT test provides to non-selective population. The trend of overall termination rates of SCA-affected pregnancies is decreased. For 47,XXX and 47,XYY with mild phenotype, couples would like to continue the pregnancy. But for 45,X and 47,XXY, parents apt to terminate pregnancy no matter ultrasound abnormalities were found or not. pregnancy determinations are affected by types of SCA, sonographic findings, maternal age, and presence of infertility.
Growth and Elongation of Axons through Mechanical Tension Mediated by F luorescent-Magnetic Bifunctional Fe3O4 ·Rhodamine 6G @PDA Superparticles
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Binxi , Xu Hao , Du Shulin , Liu Ting , Ren Jingyan , Zhang Jiayi , Zhang Hao , Liu Yi , Lu Laijin
Published: January 2020

Background: The primary strategy to repair the peripheral nerve injuries is to bridge the lesions by promoting axon regeneration. Thus, the ability to direct and manipulate neuronal cells axon regeneration has been one of the top priorities in the field of neuroscience. A recent innovative approach for remotely guiding neuronal regeneration is to incorporate magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into cells and transfer the MNPs-loaded cells into magnetic sensitive environment to response to external magnetic field. In order to realize this intention, synthesis and preparation of an ideal MNPs appears to be a challenge to overcome. Results: In this study we design and prepare a type of novel Fluorescent-Magnetic bifunctional Fe3O4·Rhodamine 6G@polydopamine Superparticles (FMSPs) for neural regeneration therapeutics. With the help of their excellent biocompatibility and ability to interact with neural cells, our homemade FMSPs can be endocytosed into cells, transported along the axons, and then aggregated in the growth cones. As a result, the mechanical forces generated by FMSPs are capable to promote the growth and elongation of axons and stimulate gene expression associated with neuron growth under the external magnetic fields.Conclusions: Our work demonstrates that FMSPs can be used as a novel stimulator to promote the non-invasive neural regeneration through cell magnetic actuation.
The NR5A1 mutation was identification in male infertility
Authors: Lu Yu-bin , Zhang Hong-guo , Yu Yang , Li Lei-lei , Li Lin-lin , He Jing , Liu Rui-Zhi
Published: January 2020

Background: Recent surveys report one in seven couples with infertility worldwide of which male infertility accounts for 30-50%. Azoospermia is one of the most serious forms of male infertility in men, the reason is that no sperm in the semen and genetic basis remains largely unknown. However, the cause of the disease and the genetic mechanism are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Chinese infertile men and mutation of NR5A1 (Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1) gene. Methods: In order to study the mutations related to spermatogenesis genes in male with azoospermia,we sequenced the entire coding region of 52 genes related to sepermatogenesis in 200 infertile Chinese men. Screening for genetic variation and SNPs throughout the coding region by targeted exome sequencing. One previously described missense p.G197E was detected in exon 5 while no mutations were found in other exons. We performed Sanger sequcencing and confimed heterozygous missense mutation in the patient. Results: This patient has a normal karyotype with 46,XY and no abnormality exist in Y chromosome and hormone levels are changed. (eg:FSH, LH, E2, T). FSH is higher than normal, LH is higher than normal, E is lower than normal, PRL is within the normal range, T is lower than normal. Combining the results of this experiment, NR5A1 gene mutation may be associated with male infertility but to confirm this hypothesis more in-depth research is required. Conclusion: In a word, our research reveals a mutation in c.G590A (p.G197E) in NR5A1 which extended the mutation of NR5A1 in Chinese infertile men and increased awareness of infertility caused by azoospermia.
Corneal Thickness and Endothelial Morphology in Normal Thai Eyes
Authors: Tananuvat Napaporn , Khumchoo Natawan
Published: January 2020

Background: This study aimed to determine the influence of age on central corneal thickness and corneal endothelial morphology as well as to identify the relationship between them in normal Thai eyes.Methods: Non-contact specular microscopy was performed in volunteers stratified into seven age groups ranging from 11-88 years. The corneal endothelial parameters studied included central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation in cell size (CV), cell area (CA) and percentage of regular hexagonal cells.Results: In a total of 501 subjects (1002 eyes), the mean age was 43.12 ± 18.80 years and 347(69.3%) were females. The mean CCT, ECD, CV, CA, and hexagonality was 533.80 ± 33.00 μm, 2,732±258 cell/mm2, 37.61 ± 6.76%, 369.04 ± 37.90 mm, and 49.03% ± 7.53%, respectively. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between age and CCT (r = -0.212, P <0.001), ECD (r = -0.484, P <0.001), and hexagonality (r = -0.193, P <0.001). The estimate rate of endothelial cell loss was 0.2% per year, whereas CV and CA had statistically significant correlation with age (r = 0.200, P <0.001 and r = 0.475, P <0.001). CCT correlated directly with ECD (r = 0.177, P <0.001).Conclusion: Normative data for corneal endothelial morphology in healthy Thai eyes showed that ECD, CCT, and hexagonality were significantly decreased, while CV and CA were increased with aging. The central corneal thickness was correlated with the endothelial cell density.
Human Immune Virus positive status disclosure to a sexual partner and associated factors among adult clients in Debre Markos town, 2019
Authors: Shiferaw Mengistu Benayew , Teshome Muluken , Zeleke Haymanot , Ayalew Agumas Fentahun
Published: January 2020

Background Human Immune Virus’ positive status non-disclosure to a sexual partner is a public health problem where a high prevalence of Human Immune Virus infection is reported on a region with poor partner disclosure status. The aim of this study was to assess Human Immune Virus positive status disclosure to sexual partners and associated factors among adult Human Immune Virus positive clients at Debre Markos town, Amhara Regional State Ethiopia, in, 2019. Methods Facility based cross-sectional study was done among 421 adult Human Immune Virus positive clients in Debre Markos town from September 1-30-2019. Consecutive sampling was used to collect the data. Epidata version 3.1 for data entry and SPSS version 25 for data analysis were used. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness test of model fitness was checked. Bivariable and multivariable logistic analysis (p<0.05) was performed. Results The median age of participants was 35 years with (IQ of 30-42). Human Immune Virus positive status disclosure was 73.4% (95%, CI: 69-78). Male Sex (AOR=3.04; 95%, CI: 1.75-5.27), urban residence (AOR=2.57; 95%, CI: 1.39-4.77), Good antiretroviral treatment adherence status (AOR=3.18; 95%, CI: 1.58-6.39), stayed 39 months and above on antiretroviral treatment (AOR=4.53; 95%, CI: 2.31-8.88), Knowing sexual partner`s Human Immune Virus status (AOR=2.74; 95%, CI: 1.63-4.63) and provider-initiated Human Immune Virus testing (AOR=2.18; 95%, CI: 1.21-3.92) were statistically significant associated factors with Human Immune Virus status positive status disclosure. Conclusions and recommendation Human Immune Virus’ positive status disclosure to sexual partner was low. Sex, Residence, Duration of Anti-Retroviral Treatment, Adherence status to antiretroviral treatment, provider-initiated Human Immune Virus testing and knowing sexual partner`s Human Immune Virus status have had a statistically significant association with disclosure. It is better to promote provider-initiated Human Immune Virus testing and give special attention to females and rural residents regarding Human Immune Virus status disclosure to sexual partners.
Efficacy of two bone grafting methods for Vancouver B3 type PFFs in uncemented stems: a retrospective study of functional and radiological outcomes from 2000 to 2017
Authors: Sun Jian-Ning , Chen Wang , Hu Zheng-Hao , Bao Yu-Hang , Dai Hai-Yang , Chen Xiang-yang , Feng Shuo
Published: January 2020

Background Peripheral femoral fractures (PFFs) are a devastating complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The accepted treatment for the Vancouver B3 fracture is revision surgery. However, there is still no consensus on which bone grafting technique to treat the bone defect around the femoral prosthesis in revision surgery. Therefore, we designed a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of ICA (impacted cancellous allograft) and ICA+CSA (cortical strut allograft) in B3-type PFFs revision surgery using uncemented stems. Methods We retrospectively assessed 47 Vancouver-type B3 PFFs in 47patients who have been treated between 2000 and 2017. All patients underwent intraoperative bone grafting.18 patients treated with ICA and 29 patients treated with ICA+CSA. Functional outcomes were assessed using Harris hip score, SF-36 scores and complications. Radiological findings were classified using Engh standard. Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to assess patient and implant survival. Results There were 18 males and 29 females with an average age of 62.5 ± 9.9 years. The average follow-up time was 63.5 months. 90.7% of patients achieved fracture healing and 17.0% received secondary revision surgery. The overall 5-year Kaplan–Meier survival rate for the patients was 64.7% (95% CI, 50.6-78.8), and the 10-year rate was 47.4% (95% CI, 30.4–64.5). The last evaluated mean SF-36 was 46.1; Harris hip scores were 44.6 (3 months), 61.7 (12 months); respectively. Conclusions The use of ICA and ICA+CSA to reconstruct bone stock can provide stable prosthesis support and satisfactory fracture healing rate.
Predictors Of Provider-Initiated Hiv Testing In Heterosexuals At Increased Risk Of Hiv (Het) In Puerto Rico: Data From Nhbs-Het Cycle 2016
Authors: Torre Maureen Marie Canario de la , Salas Ivony Yireth Agudelo , León Sandra Miranda de , Colón Yadira Rolón , Martínez María Pabón , Colón-López Vivian
Published: January 2020

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have established guidelines for HIV testing in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic, healthcare, and sexual-behavior predictors of provider-initiated HIV testing (PIHT) using data from the Puerto Rico National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (PR-NHBS) 2016 cycle directed towards heterosexuals at increased risk of HIV infection (HET). A total sample of 531 eligible participants were recruited through respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Logistic regression models assessed the associations between sociodemographic, healthcare, and sexual-behavior predictors, whilst adjusting for sex and age. The majority of the participants were women (66.1%), with 72.7% reporting having received healthcare services in the past year. Of them, 18.7% had received an HIV-test offer from their healthcare providers. More than half of the participants (65.2%) reported a low perceived risk of getting infected with HIV in the next 12 months. Results suggest an overall low prevalence of PIHT among HET in PR who exhibited a relatively high prevalence of low perceived risk of HIV infection. Furthermore, the assessed predictors show that individuals who engaged in high-risk sexual behaviors (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30–0.90) were less likely to receive HIV-test offers from their providers. This study further emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to follow recommended guidelines for HIV testing in healthcare settings as a means of establishing preventive measures to further counteract the HIV epidemic in Puerto Rico, specifically among HET.
The study of sperm head vacuoles using deep learning algorithm and its correlation with protamine mRNA ratio
Authors: Ghasemian Fatemeh , Bahadori Mohammad Hadi , Kolkooh Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini , Esmaeili Maryam
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAs regards the routine semen analysis is not sufficient to assess male fertility status, is it necessary to use other morphological sperm examination that may be more relevant in regard to the promotion of assisted reproduction outcomes? This study was designed for examination of sperm vacuole characteristics, its association with other sperm parameters and protamine 1 to protamine 2 ratio, and predict assisted pregnancy outcomes. Methods 98 Semen samples from subfertile men were classified based on Vanderzwalmen's criteria as follows: grade I, no vacuoles; grade II, ≤ 2small vacuoles; grade III, ≥ 1 large vacuole; grade IV, large vacuole with other abnormalities. The location, frequency and size of vacuoles were assessed using high magnification, a deep learning algorithm, and scanning electron microscope methods. The chromatin integrity (toluidine blue staining), condensation status (aniline blue), viability and acrosome integrity (triple staining), and protamination status (CMA3 staining) was evaluated for vacuolated samples. Protamine 1 and protamine 2 gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The assisted reproduction outcomes were also followed for each cycle. Results The results show a significant correlation between the vacuole size (III and IV) and abnormal sperm chromatin condensation (p<0.05), and protamine-deficient (p<0.05). The percentage of reacted acrosomes was significantly higher in spermatozoa with grades III and IV compared with normal group (p<0.05). A high protamine mRNA ratio ( prm-2 was underexpressed) was observed in the vacuolated spermatozoa with grade IV (p<0.01). The sperm head vacuole was negatively associated with the fertilization rate (p<0.01) under IVF cycles. This association was also significantly observed in pregnancy and live birth rate in the groups with grade III and IV (P<0.05). Conclusions The results of our study highlight the importance of follow up of more sperm parameters such as sperm head vacuole characteristics, because may reflect protamine-deficient and poor IVF/ICSI outcomes.
Osteopontin levels in the drained dialysate reflect the peritoneal solute transport rate
Authors: Li Jianzhong , Lan Jingjing , Qiao Qing , Shen Lei , Lu Guoyuan
Published: January 2020

Background and objectives: Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is accompanied by low-grade intraperitoneal inflammation, may eventually lead to peritoneal membrane injury with high solute transport rate and ultrafiltration failure. Osteopontin(OPN) is highly expressed with the pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulation in many cell types, and evolves in the process of tissue fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the potential of OPN as a new indicator of peritoneal injury. Methods: We analyzed a total of 125 PD patients with end-stage renal disease, including 16 patients with continuous ambulatory PD(CAPD)-related peritonitis and 109 patients without peritonitis in a single renal center. The OPN levels in the overnight peritoneal effluents or in serum were analyzed using ELISA. In HMrSV5 cells, The OPN and fibronectin(FN) protein expression were identified using western blot analysis. Results: The OPN levels in overnight drained dialysate were significantly correlated with D/P Cr (P < 0.0001, R =0.54) and D/D0 glucose (P < 0.0001 R=-0.39). Logistical regression analysis showed that the OPN levels in peritoneal effluents was an independent predictive factor for the increased peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR) (p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the OPN-PSTR model for identifying PSTR was 0.88, with 95% confidence interval (CI):0.81-0.95. The OPN was more abundant in peritoneal effluents of the CAPD-related peritonitis group compared with the patients without peritonitis (18.64±13.04 vs. 2.23±1.63 ng/ml, p<0.001). In the in vitro experiment, lipopolysaccharides(LPS) increased the OPN expression in HMrSV5 cells, whereas downregulation of OPN suppressed FN induction with transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)stimulation. Conclusions: The OPN levels in drained dialysate were independently correlated with peritoneal transport status in accordance with the PET results. OPN was highly expressed in effluents in patients with CAPD-related peritonitis. Peritoneal mesothelial cells displayed a high expression of OPN under inflammatory stimuli and OPN was likely to be implicated in the progression of peritoneal fibrosis. Thus, OPN may be a useful indicator of peritoneal injury in patients with PD. Keywords: peritoneal dialysis, osteopontin, peritoneal injury, peritoneal solute transport rate
Prevalence and factors associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension on maintenance Hemodialysis Patients in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Engole Yannick Mompango , Lepira François Bompeka , Nlandu Yannick Mayamba , Lubenga Yves Simbi , Longo Augustin Luzayadio , Nkodila Aliocha , Makulo Jean Robert Rissassy , Mokoli Vieux Momeme , Bukabau Justine Busanga , Mboliasa Marie France Ingole , Kadima Evariste Mukendi , Ilunga Cedric Kabemba , Mvunzi Tresor Swambulu , Nseka Nazaire Mangani , Sumaili Ernest Kiswaya
Published: January 2020

Background: Cardiovascular diseases in particular Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associed a high morbi-mortality in chronic hemodialysis, but it’s magnitude remains paradoxically unknown in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PAH and associated factors in chronic hemodialysis patients. Patients and method: In a cross-sectional study, patients treated with HD for at least 6 months in 4 hemodialysis centers were examined. PAH was defined as estimated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) ≥ 35 mmHg using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography performed 24 hours after the session. Results: A total of 85 HD patients were included. Their average age was 54.6 ± 14.3 years. 57 patients (67.1%) were male. Mean duration of HD was 13.3 ± 11 months. With reference to vascular access, 12 (14.1%), 29 (34.1%) and 44 (51.8%) patients had AVF, tunneled cuff and temporary catheter, respectively. The underlying cause of ESRD was diabetes in 30 patients (35.3%). The prevalence of PAH was 29.4%. In multivariate analysis, no secure healthcare funding (adjusted OR 5, 95% CI [1.24-8.27]), hyponatremia (adjusted OR 2, 95% CI [1.61-10.01]), arrhythmia (aOR 3, 95% CI [1.06 -5.85]), vascular access change (aOR 4, 95% CI [1.12-6.23]) and diastolic dysfunction (aOR 5, 95% CI [1.35-9.57] were independently associated with PAH. Conclusion: One third of hemodialysis patients exhibit PAH, which is associated with diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmia. Therefore, early detection and control of PAH and associated factors may help to tackle PAH associated morbidity and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Keywords: Pulmonary hypertension, Hemodialysis, Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, Cardiovascular disease.
Effects of Bodybuilding Supplements on the Kidney: A Population-Based Biopsy Study among Middle Eastern Men
Authors: Hughson Michael D , Ali Alaa Abbas , Almukhtar safaa E , Sharif Dana A , Saleem Zana Sidiq M , Muhealdeen Dana N
Published: January 2020

Background: The incidence of kidney diseases among bodybuilders is unknown. Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2019, the Iraqi Kurdistan 15 to 39 year old male population averaged 1,100,000 with approximately 24,000 regular and 56,000 total gymnasium participants. In that period, 15 participants had kidney biopsies. Annual age specific incidence rates (ASIR) with (95% confidence intervals) per 100,000 bodybuilders were compared with the general age-matched male population. Results: Among regular participants, diagnoses were: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 2; membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), 2; post-infectious glomeruonephritis (PIGN), 1; tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), 1; and nephrocalcinosis , 2. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was diagnosed in 2 newcomers and 5 regular participants. Anabolic steroids use was self-reported in 18%, protein powders in 71%, creatine in 29%, and veterinary grade vitamin D injections in 2.6% of regular participants. ASIR for FSGS, MGN, PIGN, and TIN among regular participants was not statistically different than the general population. ASIR of FSGS adjusted for anabolic steroid use was 5.1 (-0.2 to 12.3), a rate overlapping with FSGS in the general population at 2.0 (1.2 to 2.8). ATN presented with muscle pain and myoglobinuria among inexperienced bodybuilders and appeared secondary to exertional muscle injury. ASIR for ATN among total participants at 1.4 (0.4 to 2.4) was not considered significantly different than for the general population at 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5). Nephrocalcinosis was only diagnosed among bodybuilders at a 9-year cumulative rate of one per 314 vitamin D injectors. Conclusions: Kidney disease rates among bodybuilders was not significantly different than for the general population, except for nephrocalcinosis that was caused by injections of veterinary grade vitamin D compounds.
Influencing factors on the tendency of general practitioners to join in Urban Family Physician Program in Iran
Authors: Bayati Mohsen , Rashidian Arash , Delavari Sajad , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
Published: January 2020

Background Urban family physician program (UFPP) is initiated as pilot by policy makers as a main reform in future of primary health care in Iran. Despite an ongoing pilot implementation of this program from 2012, it remains a main question about providing sufficient number of general practitioners (GPs). This study aimed to investigate the factors which affect GPs' decision to join in the UFPP.Methods In this national cross-sectional study, data were gathered by a self-report questionnaire from 601 GPs. The multivariate logistic regression was applied to explore the demographic, practice and views determinants of the tendency of GPs to join in the UFPP.Results More than half of GPs (58.6%) participated in the study had a positive tendency to join in the UFPP. Older GPs (adjusted OR=3.72; 95%CI: 1.05-13.09), working in public sector (adjusted OR=2.26; 95%CI: 1.43-3.58), lower income level (adjusted OR=6.69; 95%CI:2.95-15.16), higher economic expectations (adjusted OR=2.08; 95%CI: 1.19-3.63), and higher satisfaction from medicine profession (adjusted OR=2.00; 95%CI: 1.14-3.51) were the main factors which increased the GPs tendency to join UFPP.Conclusions decision for joining in the program is mainly affected by GPs' economic status. This clarifies that if the program can make them closer to their target income, they would be more likely to decide for joining in the program.
Inappropriateness of brain MRI prescriptions and its financial burden
Authors: Kavosi Zahra , Sadeghi Abouzar , Lotfi Farhad , Salari Hedayat , Bayati Mohsen
Published: January 2020

Background Diffusion of diagnostic tests such as (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) MRI is one of the main reasons for increasing growth of health care expenditure. So the current study aimed at estimation of the rate of brain MRI inappropriate prescriptions and their financial burden in Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study 385 patients were selected by systematic stratified sampling in three public teaching hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. The selected participant's information was collected through data collection form which consisted of patients' demographic information, questions related to prescription and brain MRI prescription indications checklist. The completed indications checklist was compared to the appropriateness status table of indications and scenarios to detect the percent of appropriateness of prescriptions. Results About 21 percent of total brain MRI prescriptions are inappropriate. Previous treatment, number of refers to physician, having other diagnostic tests and the applicant of MRI (P<0.01) had significant relationships with prescriptions appropriateness. The estimated financial burden of inappropriate brain MRIs in Shiraz teaching hospitals was 99988 US dollar in 2017. Conclusions More than one fifth of brains MRIs were inappropriate. It caused about one hundred thousand United States Dollar (USD) financial burden which is 17 times of Iran's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. In order to better allocation of health system resources for provision of MRI services rationing policies for controlling consumer moral hazard and reducing provider induced demand can be helpful.
The impact of ultrasound-guided bilateral rectus sheath block in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy — a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Shaoheng , Liu Pengfei , Gao Teng , Guan Lei
Published: January 2020

Background : Rectus sheath block (RSB) is known to attenuate postoperative pain and reduce perioperative opioid consumption. Thus, a retrospective study was performed to examine the effects of bilateral rectus sheath block (BRSB) in cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Methods : A total of 178 patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC at our hospital were included. Patient information and anaesthesia-related indicators were collected from the electronic medical record (EMR) system. All subjects were divided into the following two groups: the G group (general anaesthesia) and the GR group (RSB combined with general anaesthesia). Patients in the GR group received 0.375% ropivacaine for BRSB before surgery. The primary outcomes included the total amount of remifentanil and rocuronium, the total consumption of dezocine after surgery, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) input dose at 1 h (T6), 6 h (T7), 12 h (T8), 24 h (T9) and 48 h (T10) after surgery. Other outcomes were also recorded, such as patient demographic data, the intraoperative heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), and postoperative complications. Results : Compared with the G group, the GR group showed a shorter time to tracheal catheter extraction (P<0.05), a decreased total amount of remifentanil and rocuronium (P<0.05), and a reduced VAS score, PCIA input dose and number of PCIA boluses at 1 h, 6 h and 12 h after surgery (P<0.05). However, at 24 h and 48 h after surgery, there were no differences in the VAS score of pain at rest or during motion between the two groups (P>0.05). Moreover, the incidence of hypertension, emergence agitation, delayed recovery, hypercapnia, and nausea and vomiting was lower in the GR group than in the G group (P<0.05). There were no differences in the changes in MAP and HR during the surgery between the two groups (P>0.05). No complications associated with nerve block occurred. Conclusion : BRSB could provide short-term postoperative analgesia, reduce perioperative opioid consumption and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. It is an effective and safe procedure in CRS/HIPEC.
Integrity Assurance of OTA Software Update in Smart Vehicles
Authors: Kim Geunhyoung , Jung Im Y.
Published: January 2020

Smart vehicles tend to choose an over-the-air (OTA) software (SW) update service. In an environment with smart vehicles, software malfunctions may have serious consequences such as accidents involving human lives and property loss. Therefore, we must ensure that the software updates in smart vehicles are completed correctly. In this study, we focused on the assurance of both data integrity and service integrity in smart vehicles to improve the OTA SW update service security. To this end, the security features of integrity in smart vehicles were identified and discussed with an emphasis on its potential impact on future vehicular applications.
Treatment of delirium in early postoperative cardiosurgical patients. Article
Authors: Rubinchik Vadim E. , Kasherininov I. Yu. , Bautin A. E. , Mazurok V. A.
Published: January 2020

Background. Postoperative delirium is highly relevant in elderly patients who undergo cardiosurgical interventions with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), long stay in intensive care unit (ICU), suffering from widespread atherosclerosis and having a wide range of comorbidities.
In the world literature there is a lot of data on the successful use of dexmedetomidine for sedation, prevention and relief of delirium, including patients after open-heart interventions. Comparative evaluation of dexmedetomidine and neuroleptic sedation with “traditional” for Russian Federation management of cardiosurgical patients suffering from postoperative delirium seems to be a relevant clinical and research task.
Objectives. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of drug sedation with dexmedetomidine and propofol in cardiosurgical patients with postoperative delirium.
Material and Methods. An open prospective cohort study took place in 2017–2019 and included 42 patients who underwent open-heart intervention with CPB and had delirium in the postoperative period.
Exclusion criteria: severe brachiocephal artery atherosclerosis, acute period or consequences of stroke, signs of acute respiratory failure associated with the pathology of the respiratory system, severe cardiovascular failure, age over 80 years.
Detection and treatment of delirium were performed by an intensivist together with a psychiatrist. Haloperidol was used as the main antipsychotic. Depending on the drug used for medical sedation, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 22 patients underwent medical sedation with propofol, 20 with dexmedetomidine in the form of an extended infusion. According to the results of the study, the length of patients’ stay in the ICU and hospital, the need for vasopressor therapy, mechnical ventilation (MV), and the duration of delirium were analyzed.
Results. In patients of the dexmedetomidine group, compared with the propofol group, the following was observed: less need for vasopressors and the duration of their use, less frequent use of MV (27.2 % versus 10.0 % of cases, p < 0.05), shorter stay in ICU (4.4 ± 1.8 vs 7.2 ± 2.3 days, p < 0.05), and finally, more rapid relief of the delirium itself (34.7 ± 6.8 vs 52.6 ± 8.9 hours, p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for the length of hospital stay.
Conclusions. In the early postoperative period of open-heart interventions, medical sedation using dexmedetomidine as a component of the delirium therapy seems to be preferable to propofol sedation. Using of dexmedetomidine during study was associated with more rapid relief of the delirium, more favorable hemodynamic profile, less need for MV and duration of MV, as well as shorter duration of stay in the ICU, compared with the use of propofol sedation, which allows us to recommend routine use of dexmedetomidine in the cardiosurgical ICU.
Ultrasound-guided catheterization of axillary vein of a small size. Article
Authors: Karavaev Aleksey V.
Published: January 2020

Background. Small size is an obvious obstacle to catheterization of any vessel. It is recommended nowadays to perform invasive procedures under ultrasound guidance. Efficacy profile for subclavian vein catheterization, however, was not shown to improve under ultrasound guidance according to the results of six meta-analyses.
Objectives. To demonstrate effectiveness of ultrasound-guided axillary vein catheterization of a small size.
Material and methods. Ultrasound-guided axillary vein catheterization of a small size was performed using optimized technique in 12 patients.
Results. Technique was successful at first skin and vein puncture without needle redirections in 11 out of 12 cases, mean time to guidewire insertion was 171 ± 6 s.
Conclusion. New optimized technique for ultrasound-guided catheterization of axillary vein of a small size is effective and can be introduced into clinical practice.
The first case of Cesarean section in a pregnant woman during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in Russia
Authors: Skopets Alexander A. , Zharov A. S. , Potapov S. I. , Afonin E. S. , Andreeva M. D. , Galdina T. V. , Shulzhenko L. V. , Bezukh E. V. , Porhanov V. A.
Published: January 2020

A 22-year-old pregnant woman (34.6 weeks of pregnancy) with A(H1N1) influenza-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome was admitted to the intensive care unit. Results. The patient was connected to femoral-jugular veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) 2 hours after admission. On the 2nd day of ECMO support, in connection with the beginning of labor activity and a threat to the life of the mother and fetus, the decision was made on the implementation of caesarean section (CS) without the termination of ECMO. CS was performed under general anesthesia, 2 hours after discontinuation of heparin infusion. Were extracted a premature baby girl, weighing 2380 g. Intraoperative period was complicated by atonic uterine bleeding, requiring a hysterectomy. On the 16th day the patient was successfully weaned from ECMO and was discharged after 11 days. The newborn was discharged from the clinic in a satisfactory condition after 24 days with a weight of 2860 g. Conclusion. This is the first case in Russia of successful use of ECMO and emergency cesarean section (CS) during ECMO in a pregnant woman with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to complications of influenza A(H1N1).