bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMULAÇÃO DAS COTAS DE EXTRAVASAMENTO PELO USO DA MODELAGEM HIDROLÓGICA E HIDRÁULICA EM UM TRECHO DO RIO MEIA PONTE – GO
Authors: Coelho Filho José Alexandre Pinto , Durães Matheus Fonseca , Martins Araújo Maísa de Lourdes , Vilas Boas Cíntia de Lima
Published: July 2016

A avaliação do risco de inundação através da simulação hidráulica, por meio de vazões de projeto, permite identificar a necessidade de atividades de monitoramento, bem como otimizar os sistemas de alertas de inundações. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo, analisar a possibilidade de extravasamento do rio Meia Ponte, localizado na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás, buscando contribuir para uma melhor ordenação do espaço urbano. Para isso, foram utilizados o modelo hidráulico HEC-RAS e dados da estação fluviométrica Montante de Goiânia, simulando tempos de retorno de 100, 500 e 1000 anos. As vazões para tempos de retorno de 100 anos (182,9 m³/s), 500 anos (219,8 m³/s) e 1000 anos (235,6 m³/s) implicam na elevação da linha de água para 3,53 metros, 3,78 metros e 4,38 metros na seção de régua (S1) e para 4,38 metros, 4,67 metros e 4,78 metros na seção normal (S2) da estação fluviométrica supracitada. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as vazões simuladas não irão atingir cotas acima de 6,0 metros das réguas linimétricas nas seções da estação fluviométrica considerada, as quais controlam as vazões nesse trecho do rio Meia Ponte.Palavras-chave: Inundação, tempo de retorno, vazões de projeto.
JEAN JAURÈS E O ENSINO DAS LÍNGUAS REGIONAIS DA FRANÇA
Authors: Jaurès Jean
Published: July 2016

No presente artigo, apresentamos cinco textos escritos pelo filósofo e político francês Jean Jaurès entre 1909 e 1911 onde aborda questões relativas à diversidade cultural e linguística da França e, mais especificamente, da região sul. O primeiro artigo, intitulado Método Comparatista, oferece uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de compreender outras línguas românicas pela população meridional habituada a perceber os contrastes entre o francês (língua nacional) e o languedociano e o provençal (variedades locais de occitano). O segundo (Civilização camponesa), o terceiro (Cultura camponesa) e o quarto (Poesia meridional e camponeses) problematizam, de forma complementária, o impacto da literatura local sobre a cultura popular. Por último,  A educação popular e os patoás, reflete sobre as possibilidades do ensino das línguas regionais nas escolas como meio para que os alunos aprendam melhor o francês e adquiram consciência da própria língua materna e cultura.Texto traduzido por Francisco Javier Calvo del Olmo
Do we need antiplatelet therapy in thrombocytosis? Contra
Authors: Scharf Rüdiger
Published: July 2016

Thrombocytosis is a frequent laboratory finding but not a diagnosis. Therefore, elevated platelet counts (>450 × 109/l) require careful diagnostic work-up to differentiate between reactive thrombocytosis (RT), caused by various conditions, and essential thrombocythemia (ET), a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). In either setting, aspirin is widely used in clinical practice. However, RT (even at platelet counts >1000 × 109/l) has never been shown to cause thrombosis or bleeding due to acquired von Willebrand factor defects in association with high platelet counts. Identification of reactive conditions and appropriate therapy of the underlying disorder are most relevant. By contrast to RT, ET and related MPN can be associated with thrombosis and/or hemorrhage. Current recommendations suggest the use of low-dose aspirin in all patients with ET unless contraindicated. However, the strength of this recommendation is weak, i. e. evidence level IIb grade B. A potential benefit of aspirin used for primary thromboprophylaxis in ET is mostly derived from the ECLAP study in polycythemia vera (PV). However, translating study results from PV to ET appears to be highly questionable and may be biased. In the absence of robust data regarding the benefit-risk balance of aspirin in ET, it appears reasonable (1) to stratify patients according to their individual thrombotic and bleeding risk, (2) to restrict the use of aspirin to high-risk categories and patients with microcirculatory disturbances, (3) to test for pharmacological efficacy (COX-1 inhibition; measurement of TXB2), and (4) to modify the aspirin dosing regimen (twice instead of once daily) if required.
Incidence of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Its Resistance Profiles in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Boostani Vahid , Dehghan Farzaneh , Karmostaji Afsaneh , Zolghadri Nader , Shafii Afsaneh
Published: July 2016

Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) is one of the most important causes of morbidity, mortality and economic problems especially for patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) ward. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU, identify the causative bacteria and their resistance profiles. This cross sectional study was performed on 214 patients who were admitted in the ICU ward of a general hospital requiring mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. Identification of HABP was based on the clinical signs manifested 48 h or more after admission, new chest X-ray infiltrates and microbiologic examination of endo tracheal secretion. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 to perform the descriptive statistics. The isolated gram negative bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.7%), Acinetobacter baumannii (12.5%), Escherichia coli (12.5%) and Pseudomonas aeroginosa (6.3%). The maximum antimicrobial resistance of gram negative bacteria was to Cefazolin (100%) and Ampicillin (84.6%), while antimicrobial resistance to Clindamycin, Azithromycin, Amoxycillin+clavulanate, Trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole and Ciprofloxacin was 33.3%. No resistance was seen towards carbapenems.The most frequent gram negative isolated bacterium was K. pneumoniae, and maximum antimicrobial resistance rate was observed for Cefazolin and Ampicillin, which is due to betalactamase production.
A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Air France’s Print Advertisement
Authors: Hu Chunyu , Luo Mengxi
Published: July 2016

The past decade has witnessed the rising popularity of the airline industry, along with prosperity and ever increasing competition. It has become important for airline companies to outshine their rivals for a favorable market share. As a major means of promotion, advertising campaign is of crucial importance in building the corporate image and exerting brand influence. This study conducts a multimodal discourse analysis on the advertising campaign launched by Air France in 2014, and hope to be of interest to researchers, producers of advertising metaphors, as well as consumers in general. The results indicate that the highlighted visual and textual components are arranged as such to form a sense of superiority and great comfort that is perceivable to the viewers. Through the construction of an elegant, glamorous and superior atmosphere, it is palpable that Air France tends to broadcast their brand toward viewers who pay attention to quality of and enjoyment in life, and welcome prosperous cultural peculiarities.
Arrest Regiopost en sociale voorwaarden bij overheidsaanbestedingen
Authors: Essers M.J.J.M.
Published: July 2016

Arrest Regiopost en sociale voorwaarden bij overheidsaanbestedingen

De Europese Unie dient op grond van artikel 3 lid 3 van het Verdrag betreffende de Europese Unie (VEU) sociale uitsluiting en discriminatie te bestrijden en sociale rechtvaardigheid en bescherming te bevorderen. Het Hof van Justitie oordeelde in de zaak Regiopost dat het stellen van een minimumlooneis ter bestrijding van ‘asociale ondernemers’ in aanbestedingsstukken mogelijk is, ongeacht of er een algemeen wettelijk minimumloon of een algemeen verbindende cao is. In dit artikel wordt mede aan de hand van dit arrest ingegaan op de beleidsruimte voor aanbestedende diensten bij het realiseren van sociale doelstellingen.

HvJ 17 november 2015, zaak C-115/14, RegioPost, ECLI:EU:C:2015:760
Delegatie van Regelgevingsbevoegdheid aan de Europese Commissie post-Lissabon
Authors: van der Mei A.P.
Published: July 2016

Delegatie van Regelgevingsbevoegdheid aan de Europese Commissie post-Lissabon

Het Verdrag van Lissabon heeft in het VWEU twee nieuwe artikelen opgenomen op grond waarvan de Europese Commissie de bevoegdheid kan worden toegekend gedelegeerde handelingen (art. 290 VWEU) of uitvoeringshandelingen (art. 291 VWEU) vast te stellen. De artikelen roepen tal van vragen op waarvan er twee in de in deze bijdrage te bespreken zaken aan het Hof van Justitie werden voorgelegd. De eerste, en de belangrijkste, betreft de scheidslijn tussen de artikelen 290 en 291 VWEU: wanneer dient er te worden gekozen voor een gedelegeerde handeling en wanneer voor een uitvoeringshandeling? De tweede vraag, die meer ziet op de techniek van wetgeving, betreft het in artikel 290 VWEU gemaakte onderscheid tussen het wijzigen en het aanvullen van een wetgevingshandeling.

HvJ 16 Juli 2015, zaak C-88/14 Commissie/Parlement en Raad (Visa), ECLI:EU:C:2015:499 en HvJ 17 maart 2016, zaak C-286/14, Parlement/Commissie (Connecting Europe Facility), ECLI:EU:C:2016:183
Germinação de sementes de Brachiaria decumbens sob diferentes concentrações de biorregulador
Authors: Brennecke Kathery , Ferraz Flávia Maria , Rossi Simões Thiago
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de plântulas de Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk em funçãoda aplicação de diferentes concentrações de biorregulador, visando o índice de germinação e comprimentosde plântulas. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Fitotecnia da Universidade Camilo CasteloBranco. As sementes passaram pelo teste de pureza e de tetrazólio para avaliar seu vigor de germinação.Foram submetidas a cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições, utilizando-se doses de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100mg.L-1 do biorregulador Stimulate®, sendo dispostos no delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. As sementesforam imersas por 2 horas, em suas respectivas doses e, posteriormente, separadas e colocadas em papel degermitest. Em seguida, os papéis foram enrolados e levados ao germinador com temperatura variando de25 a 30 °C, por um período de 7 dias. Ao sétimo dia de germinação foi realizada a contagem da porcentagemde plântulas germinadas e leitura do comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz. Foi constatada que, para aporcentagem de germinação e comprimento de raiz, a dose de 50 mg.L-1 foi mais eficiente que as demaisconcentrações testadas. Já para o comprimento da parte aérea, a dose 100 mg.L-1 foi mais eficiente. Concluiuseque, com o incremento do biorregulador Stimulate®, há o aumento linear da parte aérea das plântulas e adose de 50 mg.L-1 promoveu o maior índice de germinação de sementes e comprimento da raiz das plântulas.
Fichte: o papa da novíssima estética? Pesquisa entorno a uma caricatura e ao seu contexto
Authors: Cecchinato Giorgia
Published: July 2016

Nosso intuito é questionar a identificação, feita pelos editores da Obra completa de Fichte (J.G. Fichte-Gesamtausgabe), da personagem principal de uma caricatura intitulada “A estética mais nova” de 1803, com Fichte. Embora haja razões verossímeis para retratar Fichte como “o papa da novíssima estética”, queremos mostrar, não obstante, que o context a partir do qual a imagem deve ser interpretada não é o filosófico do pós kantismo e do nascente idealismo, mas o contexto da querela literária entre Goethe e os românticos por um lado, e o conservadorismo de Kotzbue, Nicolai, Merkel, por outro. A análise dos dois contextos mostra que, diferentemente do que é assumido pelos editores da obra de Fichte, ele não é o protagonista da caricatura. Deste modo, também se sugere como os dois contextos podem ser relacionados a partir da filosofia de Fichte.
Pronatec como procedimento de in/exclusão da governamentalidade neoliberal
Authors: Costa da Silva Maria Izabel , Figueiredo Louzada Ana Paula
Published: July 2016

Este artigo apresenta parte de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar o Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (Pronatec) e sua operacionalização em um campus do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES). O artigo objetiva problematizar a perspectiva de inclusão social e produtiva presentes no referido programa governamental para públicos ditos em “situação de vulnerabilidade e risco social”. Os dados da oferta do programa demonstram a predominância de cursos de qualificação profissional e desvinculados da escolarização destinados a essa população. Com base nos dados, juntamente com o estudo da legislação e de autores(as) como Foucault (2008a) e Veiga-Neto e Lopes (2007, 2011), entre outros(as), e entrevistas com profissionais atuantes no programa, consideramos que a concepção de inclusão presente no Pronatec atualiza princípios de uma racionalidade neoliberal, caracterizando-se como procedimento de gestão da pobreza, de individualização dos problemas sociais, de negação do direito à educação para jovens e adultas(os) e de fortalecimento do mercado de formação.
Business models adopted by intermediaries in the use of open government data
Authors: Germano Edson Carlos , De Souza Cesar Alexandre , Sun Violeta
Published: July 2016

After the adoption of open data policies by governments around the world, new business models began to explore the databases opened and create new products and services that may or not generate revenue for its providers. From this scenario, this study aimed to understand the business models adopted by service providers that use open government databases or databases built from public data and data captured by tools resulting from these new products and services. Therefore, we analyzed seven cases of businesses awarded in prizes that had evaluation criteria such as innovation, technology and services to the population. This qualitative study aimed to identify evidences of phenomena relating to the use of open government databases, the participation of these service providers in the open government data value chain and features present in their business models that could be replicated in new cases. The main findings revealed that business models need to create databases that standardize and integrate the various data sources applied before using this data into their tools offered to users. Products and services were designed to assess the monitoring and supervision of public administration and contribute to an improvement in the use of public utility by the tool users. We also identified that business models linked to activities such as provision of utilities, building of groups around a common theme, socio economic development and social participation in public management.
Comprar gato por lebre O "assalto" teológico à abrodagem histórico-filológica da raiz br' entre os sáculos XVIII e XX
Authors: Luiz Ribeiro Osvaldo
Published: July 2016

Revisão crítica da abordagem à raiz br em léxicos e dicionários de Hebraico dos séculos XVIII e XX. Pesquisa bibliográfica. Identificam-se três fases na abordagem aplicada à raiz br desde 1756, respectivamente: a fase propriamente histórico-filológica e marcada pelos léxicos de Simonis e Gesenius, na qual a raiz br é apresentada em única entrada, sem distinção de raízes e sem privilégios de sentido para qualquer tronco verbal, com sentido geral gravitando em torno do sentido de “cortar”; a segunda fase, em que mesmo as traduções de Gesenius sofrem alteração, restringindo-se ao tronco Qal o sentido de “criar”; e, finalmente, a fase do século XX, na qual se identifica a fragmentação da raiz br em três raízes, com a consequente separação “ontológica” dos sentidos de criar, de um lado, reservado a raiz br I, exclusivamente no tronco Qal, e cujo agente/ator seria “Deus”, e, de outro lado, cortar, sentido reservado para a raiz br III. A partir da segunda fase, as traduções de seus léxicos e dicionários afastam-se progressivamente do tratamento original de br que Gesenius aplicava na primeira metade do século XIX. No século XX, com a introdução do conceito das três raízes de br , o conteúdo dos léxicos e dicionários atribuídos a Gesenius não guardam mais relação com o conteúdo expresso nos Gesenius do século XIX.
"Prostituta" ou "mulher sagrada"? A tradutologia de Antoine Berman e a tradução da Bíblia
Authors: Dietrich Luiz José Dietrich
Published: July 2016

Este artigo visa estimular a discussão e a produção acadêmica sobre tradução da Bíblia no Brasil. Visando contribuir numa área em que o campo da tradução da Bíblia é bastante carente, a discussão da tradução da Bíblia frente às diversas teorias da tradução, este texto resenha as principais ideias de Antoine Berman, um dos mais importantes críticos das teorias e práticas da tradução no século XX. Berman, não somente vai na contramão das correntes hegemônicas na tradução que, no seu entender abdicaram da tradução da letra e privilegiaram a tradução do sentido, como também afirma que a tradução assim realizada, caracteriza-se por três traços: “Culturalmente falando é etnocêntrica. Literariamente falando é hipertextual. E filosoficamente falando é platônica.” O artigo é finalizado com a discussão da tradução dos termos hebraicos Elohim, Terafim, e Qedeshah/Qadesh, concluindo que o etnocentrismo e a hipertextualidade, bem como o platonismo, podem ser vistos em grande parte de nossas traduções bíblicas. Assim, Berman nos desafia a buscar novas bases para a tradução da Bíblia.
Gelled colloidal crystals as tunable optical filters for spectrophotometers
Authors: Sugao Yukihiro , Onda Sachiko , Toyotama Akiko , Takiguchi Yoshihiro , Sawada Tsutomu , Hara Shigeo , Nishikawa Suguru , Yamanaka Junpei
Published: July 2016

We examined the performance of charged colloidal crystals immobilized in a polymer gel as tunable optical filters. The colloidal crystals of charged silica particles (particle diameter = 121 nm; particle concentration = 3.5 vol %; and Bragg wavelength λB = 630–720 nm) were produced by unidirectional crystallization under a temperature gradient. Photocurable gelation reagents were dissolved in the sample beforehand; this enabled gel immobilization of the crystals under ultraviolet illumination. The crystals had dimensions of more than 25 mm2 in area and 1 mm in thickness, and spatial λB variations of less than 1%. Upon mechanical compression, λB values shifted linearly and reversibly over almost the entire visible spectrum. Using the gelled crystals as tunable optical filters, we measured the transmittance spectra of various samples and found them to be in close agreement with those determined using a spectrophotometer equipped with optical gratings.
Electrical properties of undoped and Li-doped NiO thin films deposited by RF sputtering without intentional heating
Authors: Sugiyama Mutsumi , Nakai Hiroshi , Sugimoto Gaku , Yamada Aika , Chichibu Shigefusa F.
Published: July 2016

The fundamental transmittance and electrical properties of undoped and Li-doped NiO thin films deposited by conventional RF sputtering without intentional heating were evaluated. Both the transmittance and resistivity of undoped and Li-doped NiO decreased with increasing O2 fraction in the sputtering gas, f(O2) = O2/(Ar + O2). The result is attributed to the increase in the concentration of acceptors of Ni vacancies (VNi) under oxygen-rich growth conditions. In addition to VNi, Li atom on the Ni site (LiNi) likely acts as a shallow accepter, which can explain the experimental finding that the carrier concentration of Li-doped NiO was approximately three orders of magnitude higher than that of the undoped case deposited under the same f(O2). The mobility of NiO was remarkably low (around 0.1–1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1) and almost independent of f(O2) or the amount of doping, reflecting the large hole effective mass.
Non uniform thermal oxidation of SiC and its impact on electrical characteristics
Authors: Nagai Ryu , Hasunuma Ryu , Yamabe Kikuo
Published: July 2016

The surface and interface roughnesses of SiO2 films thermally grown on 4H-SiC were investigated by atomic force microscopy. The roughness increases with oxide thickness in the initial oxidation stage, and it saturates at a certain thickness. An increase in roughness reflects nonuniform thermal oxidation. In addition, the two-dimensional fluctuation of oxide film thickness becomes marked for the thin film. Furthermore, current density vs voltage characteristics were investigated using MOS capacitors with various oxide thicknesses. The dispersion of the leakage current was found to be related to the oxide surface and interface roughnesses. On the other hand, time-zero dielectric breakdown voltage showed no relation to the roughness.
Novel current collapse mode induced by source leakage current in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors and its impact
Authors: Tsubomi Kunihiro , Muraguchi Masakazu , Endoh Tetsuo
Published: July 2016

The suppression of the current collapse phenomenon is required for reducing on-resistance in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors. Current collapse is caused by electron trapping at the surface and in the buffer layer. In previous works, electron injection to traps has been mainly regarded as being due to gate leakage current; however, other factors have not been discussed. In this study, a novel current collapse mode induced by source leakage current is examined with a 2D device simulator. In addition to gate leakage current, electron trapping is induced by source leakage current that flows under the gate electrode during the off-state. The electron trapping increases on-resistance and decreases pinch-off voltage. The increase in on-resistance is clarified under several trap and voltage conditions. In the simulated range, it is revealed that the on-resistance increases over 1.31 times by the source current collapse mode only, when the stress drain voltage of 500 V is applied during the off-state.
Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy)
Authors: Allamani Allaman , Beccaria Franca
Published: July 2016

Allamani, A., & Beccaria, F. (2016). Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy). The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 1-3. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.226Human beings have always sought after truth and made efforts to define and measure objects and events outside and inside themselves. In the last four centuries, since the time of Galileo, scholars came to agree more and more on a scientific method that could be shared in order to obtain replicable results that could become a common good for humanity. The results of a study can in fact lead to technological applications in various sectors of human life, like education, commerce, industry, and health.The search for scientific truth and its relationship with the economy has always had a complicated life: first, because in any given moment there will be different ideas about truth, and second, because researchers need both the means and the time to conduct their work. This is why a researcher must either support him- or herself and/or be financially supported by someone that may have different expectations about the research results.Thus, this involves the integrity of both the individual researcher and his/her referral network—the "scientific community"—that can call into question their ethical sphere by a potentially problematic relationship with truth, economy, and utility.
Addiction journals and the management of conflicts of interest
Authors: Stenius Kerstin
Published: July 2016

Stenius, K. (2016). Addiction journals and the management of conflicts of interest. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 9-10. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.233Scientific journals are crucial for a critical and open exchange of new research findings and as guardians of the quality of science. Today, as policy makers increasingly justify decision-making with references to scientific evidence, and research articles form the basis for evidence for specific measures, journals also have an indirect responsibility for how political decisions will be shaped.
The structure of a Trypanosoma cruzi glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase reveals differences from the mammalian enzyme
Authors: Mercaldi Gustavo F. , Dawson Alice , Hunter Willian N. , Cordeiro Artur T.
Published: July 2016

The enzyme glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcG6PDH) catalyses the first step of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and is considered a promising target for the discovery of a new drug against Chagas diseases. In the present work, we describe the crystal structure of TcG6PDH obtained in a ternary complex with the substrate β‐d‐glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) and the reduced ‘catalytic’ cofactor NADPH, which reveals the molecular basis of substrate and cofactor recognition. A comparison with the homologous human protein sheds light on differences in the cofactor‐binding site that might be explored towards the design of new NADP+ competitive inhibitors targeting the parasite enzyme.
Inherited heart disease – what can we expect from the second decade of human iPS cell research?
Authors: Bellin Milena , Mummery Christine L.
Published: July 2016

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first generated 10 years ago. Their ability to differentiate into any somatic cell type of the body including cardiomyocytes has already made them a valuable resource for modelling cardiac disease and drug screening. Initially human iPSCs were used mostly to model known disease phenotypes; more recently, and despite a number of recognised shortcomings, they have proven valuable in providing fundamental insights into the mechanisms of inherited heart disease with unknown genetic cause using surprisingly small cohorts. In this review, we summarise the progress made with human iPSCs as cardiac disease models with special focus on the latest mechanistic insights and related challenges. Furthermore, we suggest emerging solutions that will likely move the field forward.
Phosphoinositide‐binding proteins in autophagy
Authors: Lystad Alf Håkon , Simonsen Anne
Published: July 2016

Phosphoinositides represent a very small fraction of membrane phospholipids, having fast turnover rates and unique subcellular distributions, which make them perfect for initiating local temporal effects. Seven different phosphoinositide species are generated through reversible phosphorylation of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). The negative charge generated by the phosphates provides specificity for interaction with various protein domains that commonly contain a cluster of basic residues. Examples of domains that bind phosphoinositides include PH domains, WD40 repeats, PX domains, and FYVE domains. Such domains often display specificity toward a certain species or subset of phosphoinositides. Here we will review the current literature of different phosphoinositide‐binding proteins involved in autophagy.
Seismic moulin tremor
Authors: Roeoesli Claudia , Walter Fabian , Ampuero Jean‐Paul , Kissling Edi
Published: July 2016

Through glacial moulins, meltwater is routed from the glacier surface to its base. Moulins are a main feature feeding subglacial drainage systems and thus influencing basal motion and ice dynamics, but their geometry remains poorly known. Here we show that analysis of the seismic wavefield generated by water falling into a moulin can help constrain its geometry. We present modeling results of hour‐long seimic tremors emitted from a vertical moulin shaft, observed with a seismometer array installed at the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The tremor was triggered when the moulin water level exceeded a certain height, which we associate with the threshold for the waterfall to hit directly the surface of the moulin water column. The amplitude of the tremor signal changed over each tremor episode, in close relation to the amount of inflowing water. The tremor spectrum features multiple prominent peaks, whose characteristic frequencies are distributed like the resonant modes of a semiopen organ pipe and were found to depend on the moulin water level, consistent with a source composed of resonant tube waves (water pressure waves coupled to elastic deformation of the moulin walls) along the water‐filled moulin pipe. Analysis of surface particle motions lends further support to this interpretation. The seismic wavefield was modeled as a superposition of sustained wave radiation by pressure sources on the side walls and at the bottom of the moulin. The former was found to dominate the wave field at close distance and the latter at large distance to the moulin.
Estimating uncertainties in the newly developed multi‐source land snow data assimilation system
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Fei , Yang Zong‐Liang
Published: July 2016

The snow simulations from the recently developed multivariate land snow data assimilation system (SNODAS) for the Northern Hemisphere are assessed with regard to uncertainties in atmospheric forcing, model structure, data assimilation technique, and satellite remote sensing product. The SNODAS consists of the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) and the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4). A series of experiments are conducted to estimate each of the above uncertainty sources. The experiments include several open‐loop model cases and data assimilation cases that assimilate the snow cover fraction (SCF) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the terrestrial water storage (TWS) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). The atmospheric forcing uncertainty in terms of precipitation and radiation is found to be the largest among the various uncertainty sources examined, especially over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and most of the mid‐ and high‐latitudes. Model structure and choice of data assimilation technique are also two big sources of uncertainty in SNODAS. The uncertainty of model structure is represented by two different parameterizations of SCF. The density‐based SCF scheme (as used in CLM4) generally results in better snow simulations than does the stochastic SCF scheme (as in CLM4.5) within the data assimilation framework. The choice of TWS products retrieved from GRACE has relatively the least impact on the snow data assimilation.
Spatial statistical network models for stream and river temperature in New England, USA
Authors: Detenbeck Naomi E. , Morrison Alisa C. , Abele Ralph W. , Kopp Darin A.
Published: July 2016

Watershed managers are challenged by the need for predictive temperature models with sufficient accuracy and geographic breadth for practical use. We described thermal regimes of New England rivers and streams based on a reduced set of metrics for the May–September growing season (July or August median temperature, diurnal rate of change, and magnitude and timing of growing season maximum) chosen through principal component analysis of 78 candidate metrics. We then developed and assessed spatial statistical models for each of these metrics, incorporating spatial autocorrelation based on both distance along the flow network and Euclidean distance between points. Calculation of spatial autocorrelation based on travel or retention time in place of network distance yielded tighter‐fitting Torgegrams with less scatter but did not improve overall model prediction accuracy. We predicted monthly median July or August stream temperatures as a function of median air temperature, estimated urban heat island effect, shaded solar radiation, main channel slope, watershed storage (percent lake and wetland area), percent coarse‐grained surficial deposits, and presence or maximum depth of a lake immediately upstream, with an overall root‐mean‐square prediction error of 1.4 and 1.5°C, respectively. Growing season maximum water temperature varied as a function of air temperature, local channel slope, shaded August solar radiation, imperviousness, and watershed storage. Predictive models for July or August daily range, maximum daily rate of change, and timing of growing season maximum were statistically significant but explained a much lower proportion of variance than the above models (5–14% of total).
Inverse energy dispersion of energetic ions observed in the magnetosheath
Authors: Lee S. H. , Sibeck D. G. , Hwang K.‐J. , Wang Y. , Silveira M. V. D. , Fok M.‐C. , Mauk B. H. , Cohen I. J. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Kitamura N. , Burch J. L. , Giles B. L. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Lester M.
Published: July 2016

We present a case study of energetic ions observed by the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) on the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the magnetosheath just outside the subsolar magnetopause that occurred at 1000 UT on 8 December 2015. As the magnetopause receded inward, the EPD observed a burst of energetic (∼50–1000 keV) proton, helium, and oxygen ions that exhibited an inverse dispersion, with the lowest energy ions appearing first. The prolonged interval of fast antisunward flow observed in the magnetosheath and transient increases in the H components of global ground magnetograms demonstrate that the burst appeared at a time when the magnetosphere was rapidly compressed. We attribute the inverse energy dispersion to the leakage along reconnected magnetic field lines of betatron‐accelerated energetic ions in the magnetosheath, and a burst of reconnection has an extent of about 1.5 RE using combined Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radar and EPD observations.
Dynamical downscaling of tropical cyclones from CCSM4 simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Yoo Jinwoong , Galewsky Joseph , Camargo Suzana J. , Korty Robert , Zamora Ryan
Published: July 2016

Dynamical downscaling of simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and late twentieth century (20C) were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the aim of (1) understanding how the downscaled kinematic and thermodynamic variables influence simulated tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific during the LGM and the 20C periods and (2) to test the relevance of TC genesis factors for the colder LGM climate. The results show that, despite the lower temperatures during the LGM, the downscaled TC climatology over the western North Pacific in the LGM simulation does not differ significantly from that in the 20C simulation. Among the TC environmental factors, the TC potential intensity, mid‐tropospheric entropy deficit, and vertical wind shear during the LGM were consistent with previous analyses of TC genesis factors in LGM global climate model simulations. Changes in TC genesis density between the LGM and the 20C simulations seem to be well represented by the ventilation index, a nondimensional measure of the combined effects of vertical wind shear, and thermodynamic properties, suggesting the potential applicability of those factors for TC activity evaluation during the LGM and possibly other climates.
Stabilization of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 by l‐phenylalanine‐induced dimerization
Authors: Tidemand Kasper D. , Christensen Hans E. M. , Hoeck Niclas , Harris Pernille , Boesen Jane , Peters Günther H.
Published: July 2016

Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) catalyses the initial and rate‐limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin, which is associated with a variety of disorders such as depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia. Full‐length TPH2 is poorly characterized due to low purification quantities caused by its inherent instability. Three truncated variants of human TPH2 (rchTPH2; regulatory and catalytic domain, NΔ47‐rchTPH2; truncation of 47 residues in the N terminus of rchTPH2, and chTPH2; catalytic domain) were expressed, purified, and examined for changes in transition temperature, inactivation rate, and oligomeric state. chTPH2 displayed 14‐ and 11‐fold higher half‐lives compared to rchTPH2 and NΔ47‐rchTPH2, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments demonstrated that this is caused by premature unfolding of the less stable regulatory domain. By differential scanning fluorimetry, the unfolding transitions of rchTPH2 and NΔ47‐rchTPH2 are found to shift from polyphasic to apparent two‐state by the addition of l‐Trp or l‐Phe. Analytical gel filtration revealed that rchTPH2 and NΔ47‐rchTPH2 reside in a monomer–dimer equilibrium which is significantly shifted toward dimer in the presence of l‐Phe. The dimerizing effect induced by l‐Phe is accompanied by a stabilizing effect, which resulted in a threefold increase in half‐lives of rchTPH2 and NΔ47‐rchTPH2. Addition of l‐Phe to the purification buffer significantly increases the purification yields, which will facilitate characterization of hTPH2.
Helicity‐Dependent Photovoltaic Effect in Bi2Se3 Under Normal Incident Light
Authors: Besbas Jean , Banerjee Karan , Son Jaesung , Wang Yi , Wu Yang , Brahlek Matthew , Koirala Nikesh , Moon Jisoo , Oh Seongshik , Yang Hyunsoo
Published: July 2016

Topological insulators (TIs) form a new class of materials with an insulating bulk and conducting surfaces ensured by topologically protected surface states (TPSS). The impact of the helicity of a normally incident laser beam on the photovoltaic effect in the TI Bi2Se3 is investigated. The observation of a helicity‐dependent photovoltaic effect for normally incident light indicates the presence of out‐of‐plane spin components for some TPSSs due to the hexagonal warping. In addition, fluctuations in the electrostatic potential at the surface locally break the rotational symmetry of the film allowing the helicity‐dependent photovoltaic effect. Our result suggests that engineering local electrostatic potentials in Bi2Se3 would allow the control of optically generated spin currents, which may be useful for applications in spin‐optoelectronics.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Phosphoryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridazines via an Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation/1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition/Rearrangement Reaction Sequence
Authors: Du Fei , Yin Liyang , Ning Yanqiang , Peng Yungui
Published: July 2016

A novel methodology has been developed for the synthesis of chiral phosphoryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridazine derivatives based on an asymmetric allylic alkylation/intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition/rearrangement reaction sequence, various chiral 3‐phosphoryl‐4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridazine‐5‐carboxylates were achieved in high yields with high enantioselectivities. Moreover, chiral 4,5‐dihydropyridazinone derivatives were also facilely furnished by the reduction of the allylic alkylation products of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates and α‐diazophosphonates.

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Cobalt‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalizations by Imidate Assistance with Aryl and Alkyl Chlorides
Authors: Mei Ruhuai , Ackermann Lutz
Published: July 2016

A catalytic system comprising the inexpensive cobalt(II) acetylacetonate [Co(acac)2] and an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand enabled versatile C−H arylations by oxazoline assistance. The broadly applicable, low‐valent cobalt catalyst displayed a wide substrate scope, and even proved applicable to challenging C−H alkylations with β‐hydrogen‐containing primary and secondary alkyl chlorides. The power of the cobalt‐catalyzed C−H arylation protocol was among others reflected by facile C−H activation at a room temperature of 23 °C, and efficient late‐stage diversification, providing access to bioactive biaryls.

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Surface DEAE groups facilitate protein transport on polymer chains in DEAE‐modified‐and‐DEAE‐dextran‐grafted resins
Authors: Yu Linling , Gong Lingli , Bai Shu , Sun Yan
Published: July 2016

Sepharose FF was modified with diethylaminoethyl‐dextran (DEAE‐dextran, DexD) and/or DEAE (D) to fabricate three types of ion exchangers FF‐DexD (grafting‐ligand resin), FF‐D (surface‐ligand resin), and FF‐D‐DexD (mixed‐ligand resin), for protein adsorption equilibria and kinetics study. It was found that both adsorption capacity and uptake rate (effective diffusivity, De) were significantly enhanced by grafting DEAE‐dextran. Notably, the De values on FF‐DexD and FF‐D‐DexD (De/D0 > 1.4) were six times greater than those on FF‐D (De/D0 < 0.3). More importantly, the increase of surface‐ligand density greatly enhanced uptake kinetics on FF‐D‐DexD. The results indicate that the surface ligands assisted the transport of bound proteins on polymer chains in the mixed‐ligand resins. That is, surface ligands worked as “transfer stations” between two neighboring chains, resulting in enhanced transport of bound proteins on chains. The research thus disclosed the unique role of surface ligands in facilitating protein uptake kinetics onto polymer‐grafted ion‐exchangers. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3812–3819, 2016
Computing MOSCED parameters of nonelectrolyte solids with electronic structure methods in SMD and SM8 continuum solvents
Authors: Phifer Jeremy R. , Solomon Kimberly J. , Young Kayla L. , Paluch Andrew S.
Published: July 2016

An efficient method to predict modified separation of cohesive energy density model (MOSCED) parameters for nonelectrolyte solids using electronic structure calculations in SMD and SM8 continuum solvents is proposed and applied to acetanilide, acetaminophen, and phenacetin. The resulting parameters are ultimately used to predict the equilibrium solubility in a range of solvents over a range of temperatures. By combining MOSCED with SMD and SM8, we are able to leverage the strengths of both methods while eliminating shortcomings that would prevent their use alone for solvent selection in design processes involving nonelectrolyte solid solutes. Comparing to 77 non‐aqueous experimental solubilities of acetaminophen over the range 10–30°C, the proposed method has an average absolute error of 0.03 and 0.04 mol fracs for SMD and SM8 regressed parameters, respectively. Aqueous solubilities of acetaminophen over this temperature range are predicted with an average error of 0.030 and 0.0023 mol fracs, respectively. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 781–791, 2017
Die Reaktion von Neopentyllithium mit Kalium‐tert‐butoxid: Bildung einer alkanlöslichen Lochmann‐Schlosser‐Superbase
Authors: Benrath Philipp , Kaiser Maximilian , Limbach Thomas , Mondeshki Mihail , Klett Jan
Published: July 2016

Gemische aus Alkyllithium und Alkoxiden der schweren Alkalimetalle eignen sich zur Herstellung der entsprechenden Alkylverbindungen. Sie zeichnen sich ebenfalls durch ihre Reaktivität bei Metallierungsreaktionen aus. Diese metallorganischen Mischungen werden oft als LiC‐KOR‐Superbasen bezeichnet, doch trotz vieler Bemühungen ist nur wenig über ihren Aufbau bekannt. Hier werden dimetallische Alkalimetall‐Alkyl/Alkoxy‐Verbindungen vorgestellt, die durch die Reaktion von Neopentyllithium und Kalium‐tert‐butoxid gebildet werden. Dank guter Löslichkeit in Alkanen und Temperaturbeständigkeit der Neopentylverbindungen konnten die Lösungen in n‐Hexan bei Umgebungstemperatur gehandhabt werden und ermöglichten die Isolierung durch Kristallisation. Die Verbindungen konnten durch Röntgendiffraktometrie und NMR‐Spektroskopie sowohl in fester Form als auch in Lösung als Li/K‐Neopentyl/tert‐Butoxy‐Aggregate mit veränderlicher Zusammensetzung LixKyNpz(OtBu)x+y−z identifiziert werden.
Identification of HcgC as a SAM‐Dependent Pyridinol Methyltransferase in [Fe]‐Hydrogenase Cofactor Biosynthesis
Authors: Fujishiro Takashi , Bai Liping , Xu Tao , Xie Xiulan , Schick Michael , Kahnt Jörg , Rother Michael , Hu Xile , Ermler Ulrich , Shima Seigo
Published: July 2016

Previous retrosynthetic and isotope‐labeling studies have indicated that biosynthesis of the iron guanylylpyridinol (FeGP) cofactor of [Fe]‐hydrogenase requires a methyltransferase. This hypothetical enzyme covalently attaches the methyl group at the 3‐position of the pyridinol ring. We describe the identification of HcgC, a gene product of the hcgA‐G cluster responsible for FeGP cofactor biosynthesis. It acts as an S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM)‐dependent methyltransferase, based on the crystal structures of HcgC and the HcgC/SAM and HcgC/S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) complexes. The pyridinol substrate, 6‐carboxymethyl‐5‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridinol, was predicted based on properties of the conserved binding pocket and substrate docking simulations. For verification, the assumed substrate was synthesized and used in a kinetic assay. Mass spectrometry and NMR analysis revealed 6‐carboxymethyl‐3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridinol as the reaction product, which confirmed the function of HcgC.
DNA‐Catalyzed Introduction of Azide at Tyrosine for Peptide Modification
Authors: Wang Puzhou , Silverman Scott K.
Published: July 2016

We show that DNA enzymes (deoxyribozymes) can introduce azide functional groups at tyrosine residues in peptide substrates. Using in vitro selection, we identified deoxyribozymes that transfer the 2′‐azido‐2′‐deoxyadenosine 5′‐monophosphoryl group (2′‐Az‐dAMP) from the analogous 5′‐triphosphate (2′‐Az‐dATP) onto the tyrosine hydroxyl group of a peptide, which is either tethered to a DNA anchor or free. Some of the new deoxyribozymes are general with regard to the amino acid residues surrounding the tyrosine, while other DNA enzymes are sequence‐selective. We use one of the new deoxyribozymes to modify free peptide substrates by attaching PEG moieties and fluorescent labels.
Rhenium(I)‐Catalyzed Generation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbene Complex Intermediates from Propargyl Ethers for the Preparation of Cycloheptadiene Derivatives
Authors: Sogo Hideyuki , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: July 2016

The rhenium(I)‐catalyzed generation of α,β‐unsaturated carbene complex intermediates from easily available propargyl ethers was achieved for the concise construction of cycloheptadiene derivatives through the formal [4+3] cycloaddition reaction with siloxydienes.
An Iron‐Catalyzed Bond‐Making/Bond‐Breaking Cascade Merges Cycloisomerization and Cross‐Coupling Chemistry
Authors: Echeverria Pierre‐Georges , Fürstner Alois
Published: July 2016

Treatment of readily available enynes with alkyl‐Grignard reagents in the presence of catalytic amounts of Fe(acac)3 engenders a remarkably facile and efficient reaction cascade that results in the net formation of two new C−C bonds while a C−Z bond in the substrate backbone is broken. Not only does this new manifold lend itself to the extrusion of heteroelements (Z=O, NR), but it can even be used for the cleavage of activated C−C bonds. The reaction likely proceeds via metallacyclic intermediates, the iron center of which gains ate character before reductive elimination occurs. The overall transformation represents a previously unknown merger of cycloisomerization and cross‐coupling chemistry. It provides ready access to highly functionalized 1,3‐dienes comprising a stereodefined tetrasubstituted alkene unit, which are difficult to make by conventional means.
The Strong Influence of Structure Polymorphism on the Conductivity of Peptide Fibrils
Authors: Ivnitski Denis , Amit Moran , Silberbush Ohad , Atsmon‐Raz Yoav , Nanda Jayanta , Cohen‐Luria Rivka , Miller Yifat , Ashkenasy Gonen , Ashkenasy Nurit
Published: July 2016

Peptide fibril nanostructures have been advocated as components of future biotechnology and nanotechnology devices. However, the ability to exploit the fibril functionality for applications, such as catalysis or electron transfer, depends on the formation of well‐defined architectures. Fibrils made of peptides substituted with aromatic groups are described presenting efficient electron delocalization. Peptide self‐assembly under various conditions produced polymorphic fibril products presenting distinctly different conductivities. This process is driven by a collective set of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and π‐stacking interactions, and as a result it can be directed towards formation of a distinct polymorph by using the medium to enhance specific interactions rather than the others. This method facilitates the detailed characterization of different polymorphs, and allows specific conditions to be established that lead to the polymorph with the highest conductivity.