bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary Exposure to Essential and Non-essential Elements During Infants’ First Year of Life in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Signes-Pastor Antonio J. , Sayarath Vicki , Jackson Brian , Cottingham Kathryn L. , Punshon Tracy , Karagas Margaret R.
Published: June 2022

Even the low levels of non-essential elements exposure common in the US may have health consequences especially early in life. However, little is known about the infant’s dynamic exposure to essential and non-essential elements. This study aims to evaluate exposure to essential and non-essential elements during infants’ first year of life and to explore the association between the exposure and rice consumption. Paired urine samples from infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) were collected at approximately 6 weeks (exclusively breastfed) and at 1 year of age after weaning (n = 187). A further independent subgroup of NHBCS infants with details about rice consumption at 1 year of age also was included (n = 147). Urinary concentrations of 8 essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Se) and 9 non-essential (Al, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn, V, and U) elements were determined as a measure of exposure. Several essential (Co, Fe, Mo, Ni, and Se) and non-essential (Al, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn, and V) elements had higher concentrations at 1 year than at 6 weeks of age. The highest increases were for urinary As and Mo with median concentrations of 0.20 and 1.02 µg/L at 6 weeks and 2.31 and 45.36 µg/L at 1 year of age, respectively. At 1 year of age, As and Mo urine concentrations were related to rice consumption. Further efforts are necessary to minimize exposure to non-essential elements while retaining essential elements to protect and promote children’s health.
Extending social presence theory: social presence divergence and interaction integration in online distance learning
Authors: Weidlich Joshua , Göksün Derya Orhan , Kreijns Karel
Published: June 2022

Social presence is an important concept for understanding psychosocial processes in learning scenarios that make extensive use of mediated communication like online distance learning. Despite this centrality, a coherent and nuanced theory of social presence is yet to emerge from the literature. Past research has shown associations with desirable affective variables like satisfaction and perceived learning, yet our knowledge as to when and for whom these effects are expected is still very limited. By introducing two contextual explanatory variables, we provide the means toward a more mature theory of social presence. The first variable, social presence divergence, relates students experiences to their preferences, yielding three distinct scenarios: too little, too much, and just the right amount of social presence. The second variable, interaction integration, considers the centrality of social interaction in the learning scenario, suggesting that this functions as a moderator. In a sample of teacher education students (N = 305), we find evidence that these variables interact with social presence and affective dependent variables as expected. These results add nuance and context to the discussion about the practical relevance of social presence. The implications of these findings as well as limitations of this study are discussed.
A novelty detection approach to effectively predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liu Shuo , Cao Yi , Liu Junxiu , Ding Xuemei , Coyle Damien ,   For the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2022

Accurately recognising patients with progressive mild cognitive impairment (pMCI) who will develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in subsequent years is very important, as early identification of those patients will enable interventions to potentially reduce the number of those transitioning from MCI to AD. Most studies in this area have concentrated on high-dimensional neuroimaging data with supervised binary/multi-class classification algorithms. However, neuroimaging data is more costly to obtain than non-imaging, and healthcare datasets are normally imbalanced which may reduce classification performance and reliability. To address these challenges, we proposed a new strategy that employs unsupervised novelty detection (ND) techniques to predict pMCI from the AD neuroimaging initiative non-imaging data. ND algorithms, including the k-nearest neighbours (kNN), k-means, Gaussian mixture model (GMM), isolation forest (IF) and extreme learning machine (ELM), were employed and compared with supervised binary support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF). We introduced optimisation with nested cross-validation and focused on maximising the adjusted F measure to ensure maximum generalisation of the proposed system by minimising false negative rates. Our extensive experimental results show that ND algorithms (0.727 ± 0.029 kNN, 0.7179 ± 0.0523 GMM, 0.7276 ± 0.0281 ELM) obtained comparable performance to supervised binary SVM (0.7359 ± 0.0451) with 20% stable MCI misclassification tolerance and were significantly better than RF (0.4771 ± 0.0167). Moreover, we found that the non-invasive, readily obtainable, and cost-effective cognitive and functional assessment was the most efficient predictor for predicting the pMCI within 2 years with ND techniques. Importantly, we presented an accessible and cost-effective approach to pMCI prediction, which does not require labelled data.
Numerical simulation and field application of biological nano-technology in the low- and medium-permeability reservoirs of an offshore oilfield
Authors: Gao Ping , Feng Qing , Chen Xianchao , Li Shengsheng , Sun Yanni , Li Jiang , Zhou Jingchao , Qian Feng
Published: June 2022

As a result of deep burial depth, small pore throat, poor connectivity between pores, different clay mineral contents in reservoirs, and strong reservoir sensitivity, injection wells often have problems such as rapidly increasing water-injection pressure and insufficient water-injection quantity in the process of water-injection development. The main measures used to solve the difficulties of water injection in low-permeability reservoirs include fracturing, acidizing, and surfactant depressurization and injection increase, all of which have some disadvantages of high cost and environmental damage. In recent years, depressurization and injection-increase environment-safe bio-nano-materials have been introduced into low-permeability reservoirs and have achieved good application results in China. On the other hand, although there have been many researches on EOR (enhanced oil recovery) of nano-materials, the numerical simulation field of nano-depressurization and injection-augmenting technology is still a blank that the wettability mechanism of nano-materials and EOR nano-materials used in bio-nano-depressurization and injection-augmenting technology are almost completely opposite, and the influence of adsorption on formation is almost completely opposite. The adsorption of nanoparticles in other EOR studies will reduce the porosity and make the reservoir more hydrophilic. Nanoparticles used in biological nano-technology will produce hydrophobic film near the well, which will reduce the seepage resistance through the slip of water phase. In this study, a set of water flooding model of numerical simulation technology for depressurization and injection-augmenting of biological nano-materials considering adsorption characteristics and reservoir physical properties was established, the sensitivity analysis of key injection parameters was carried out, and the application effect prediction chart of biological nano-technology was drawn, and the model and prediction chart were verified by real oilfield data. As far as we know, this is the first numerical simulation study on biological nano-technology that has been applied in oil fields.
The genus Rumex (Polygonaceae): an ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological review
Authors: Li Jing-Juan , Li Yong-Xiang , Li Na , Zhu Hong-Tao , Wang Dong , Zhang Ying-Jun
Published: June 2022

Rumex L., a genus in Polygonaceae family with about 200 species, is growing widely around the world. Some Rumex species, called "sorrel" or "dock", have been used as food application and treatment of skin diseases and hemostasis after trauma by the local people of its growing areas for centuries. To date, 29 Rumex species have been studied to contain about 268 substances, including anthraquinones, flavonoids, naphthalenes, stilbenes, diterpene alkaloids, terpenes, lignans, and tannins. Crude extract of Rumex spp. and the pure isolates displayed various bioactivities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, cardiovascular protection and antiaging activities. Rumex species have important potential to become a clinical medicinal source in future. This review covers research articles from 1900 to 2022, fetched from SciFinder, Web of Science, ResearchGate, CNKI and Google Scholar, using “Rumex” as a search term ("all fields") with no specific time frame set for the search. Thirty-five Rumex species were selected and summarized on their geographical distribution, edible parts, traditional uses, chemical research and pharmacological properties.
Extreme Wind Variability and Wind Map Development in Western Java, Indonesia
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad Rais , Sarli Prasanti Widyasih , Firmansyah Hafidz Rizky , Sakti Anjar Dimara , Fajary Faiz Rohman , Muharsyah Robi , Sudarman Gian Gardian
Published: June 2022

Wind-related disasters are one of the most frequent disasters in Indonesia. It can cause severe damages of residential construction, especially in the world’s most populated island of Java. Understanding the characteristics of extreme winds is crucial for mitigating the disasters and for defining structural design standards. This study investigated the spatiotemporal variations of extreme winds and pioneered a design wind map in Indonesia by focusing on western Java. Based on gust data observed in recent years from 24 stations, the extreme winds exhibit a clear annual cycle where northwestern and southeastern sides of western Java show out-of-phase relationship due to reversal monsoons. Meanwhile, extreme wind occurrences are mostly affected by small-scale weather systems, regardless of seasons and locations. To build the wind map, we used bias-corrected gust from ERA5 and applied the Gumbel method to predict extreme winds with different return periods. The wind map highlights some drawbacks of the current national design standards, which use single wind speed values regardless of location and return period. Beside a fundamental improvement for wind design, this study will benefit disaster risk mapping and other applications that require extreme wind speed distribution.
A new perspective on: evolutionary processes and organizational adaptation
Authors: Knudsen Thorbjørn
Published: June 2022

Levinthal’s (Evolutionary processes and organizational adaptation: a Mendelian perspective on strategic management. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2021) book is not only a helpful resource on the many facets of organizational adaptation, but also a source of inspiration that promises to revitalize research on organizational evolution. Taking inspiration from this book, I outline a perspective on three topics that may enrich management research: (1) Levinthal’s treatment of path-dependence is a much-needed candidate for a general account of selection processes across biological and social domains; (2) Levinthal’s idea that corporate diversification and technological disruption may be considered instances of speciation—i.e., branching of lineages—(re)frames an exciting research agenda at the intersection of ecology and evolution; (3) Considering executives as a population of fruit flies may, from the perspective of empirical research, be a useful complement to the idea of the Mendelian executive.
From Data to Narratives: Scrutinising the Spatial Dimensions of Social and Cultural Phenomena Through Lenses of Interactive Web Mapping
Authors: Lan Tian , O’Brien Oliver , Cheshire James , Singleton Alex , Longley Paul
Published: June 2022

Modern web mapping techniques have enhanced the storytelling capability of cartography. In this paper, we present our recent development of a web mapping facility that can be used to extract interesting stories and unique insights from a diverse range of socio-economic and demographic variables and indicators, derived from a variety of datasets. We then use three curated narratives to show that online maps are effective ways of interactive storytelling and visualisation, which allow users to tailor their own story maps. We discuss the reasons for the revival of the recent attention to narrative mapping and conclude that our interactive web mapping facility powered by data assets can be employed as an accessible and powerful toolkit, to identify geographic patterns of various social and economic phenomena by social scientists, journalists, policymakers, and the public.
Salami Slicing: clarifying common misconceptions for social science early-career researchers
Authors: Adams Nicholas Norman
Published: June 2022

The term Salami Slicing is used often within academia to refer to the needless separation of a single research study, attached dataset, and argument that should form a single publication, into two or several separate publications for submission in different journals. While the term is used with frequency, there exist few explicit guidelines that concretely explain firstly: what tangibly constitutes the unethical and damaging practice of Salami Slicing, and secondly: instances relating to social science research where multiple publications from a single body of data are not only acceptable, but necessary for furthering scholarly thought and developing important cross-disciplinary perspectives. These cases actively exist outside of and resist the Salami Slicing label. This paper represents a discussion of the above points from my perspective as a social science early career researcher (ECR) in the hope of clarifying the key misconceptions and ambiguities surrounding this common yet often elusive term. By doing this, I hope to minimise anxiety and panic for fellow ECRs, and help them avoid needlessly withdrawing carefully developed and time-intensive publications that could actively benefit and grow different disciplinary social science perspectives.
Lessons from the Advocacy Coalition Framework for climate change policy and politics
Authors: Gabehart Kayla M. , Nam Aerang , Weible Christopher M.
Published: June 2022

The world faces grand challenges that threaten our socio-economical, ecological, and political systems. Inequities, insurrections, invasions, and illiberal democracies represent a sample of the population of problems facing life as we know it. Paramount among these problems lie climate change, caused principally by human activity of burning fossil fuels. This paper offers a perspective on climate change from a “lens” in the social sciences. By analyzing applications (n = 67) of the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) to climate change, we aim to examine patterns across these applications of the ACF, particularly concerning the characteristics of coalitions, how they behave, change policy, and learn. We conclude that future studies should examine how coalitions and beliefs can better address wicked problems in an increasingly global and interconnected world. We propose the prioritization of studying non-democratic governance arrangements and underrepresented locations of study, pairing the ACF with other theories and frameworks to address complex questions, and prioritizing normative dynamics of climate change politics.
Liberalism and American Literature in the Clinton Era
Authors: Brooks Ryan M.
Published: June 2022

Liberalism and American Literature in the Clinton Era argues that a new, post-postmodern aesthetic emerges in the 1990s as a group of American writers – including Mary Gaitskill, George Saunders, Richard Powers, Karen Tei Yamashita, and others – grapples with the political triumph of free-market ideology. The book shows how these writers resist the anti-social qualities of this frantic right-wing shift while still performing its essential gesture, the personalization of otherwise irreducible social antagonisms. Thus, we see these writers reinvent political struggles as differences in values and emotions, in fictions that explore non-antagonistic social forms like families, communities and networks. Situating these formally innovative fictions in the context of the controversies that have defined this rightward shift – including debates over free trade, welfare reform, and family values – Brooks details how American writers and politicians have reinvented liberalism for the age of pro-capitalist consensus.
Sovereign Joy
Authors: Valerio Miguel A.
Published: June 2022

Sovereign Joy explores the performance of festive black kings and queens among Afro-Mexicans between 1539 and 1640. This fascinating study illustrates how the first African and Afro-creole people in colonial Mexico transformed their ancestral culture into a shared identity among Afro-Mexicans, with particular focus on how public festival participation expressed their culture and subjectivities, as well as redefined their colonial condition and social standing. By analyzing this hitherto understudied aspect of Afro-Mexican Catholic confraternities in both literary texts and visual culture, Miguel A. Valerio teases out the deeply ambivalent and contradictory meanings behind these public processions and festivities that often re-inscribed structures of race and hierarchy. Were they markers of Catholic subjecthood, and what sort of corporate structures did they create to project standing and respectability? Sovereign Joy examines many of these possibilities, and in the process highlights the central place occupied by Africans and their descendants in colonial culture. Through performance, Afro-Mexicans affirmed their being: the sovereignty of joy, and the joy of sovereignty.
Viscoelastic levitation
Authors: Su Yunxing , Castillo Alfonso , Shun Pak On , Zhu Lailai , Zenit Roberto
Published: June 2022

The effects of viscoelasticity have been shown to manifest themselves via symmetry breaking. In this investigation, we show a novel phenomenon that arises from this idea. We observe that when a dense sphere is rotated near a wall (the rotation being aligned with the wall-normal direction and gravity), it levitates to a fixed distance away from the wall. Since the shear is larger in the gap (between the sphere and the wall) than in the open side of the sphere, the shear-induced elastic stresses are thus asymmetric, resulting in a net elastic vertical force that balances the weight of the sphere. We conduct experiments, theoretical models and numerical simulations for rotating spheres of various sizes and densities in a Boger-type fluid. In the small-Deborah-number range, the results are collapsed into a universal trend by considering a dimensionless group of the ratio of elastic to gravitational forces.
Hydrodynamic particle interactions in linear and radial viscosity gradients
Authors: Ziegler Sebastian , Smith Ana-Sunčana
Published: June 2022

We present a versatile perturbative calculation scheme to determine the leading-order correction to the mobility matrix for particles in a low-Reynolds-number fluid with spatially variant viscosity. To this end, we exploit the Lorentz reciprocal theorem and the reflection method in the far field approximation. To demonstrate how to apply the framework to a particular choice of a viscosity field, we first study particles in a finite-size, interface-like, linear viscosity gradient. The extent of the latter should be significantly larger than the particle separation. Both situations of symmetrically and asymmetrically placed particles within such an odd symmetric viscosity gradient are considered. As a result, long-range flow fields are identified that decay by one order slower than their constant-viscosity counterparts. Self-mobilities for particle rotations and translations are affected, while for asymmetric placement, additional correction appears for the latter. The mobility terms associated with hydrodynamic interactions between the particles also need to be corrected, in a placement-specific manner. While the results are derived for the system of two particles, they apply also to many-particle systems. Furthermore, we treat the viscosity gradients induced by two particles with temperatures different from that of the surrounding fluid. Assuming a linear relation between fluid temperature and viscosity, we find that both the self-mobilities of the particles as well as the mobility terms for hydrodynamic interactions increase for hot particles and decrease for cold particles.
Three-dimensional flow field measurements in the wake of a tethered sphere crossing the onset of vortex induced vibrations
Authors: Kovalev D. , Eshbal L. , van Hout R.
Published: June 2022

The changing three-dimensional vortex shedding topology of a heavy, tethered sphere exposed to uniform flow crossing the onset of vortex induced vibrations (VIV) is reported together with simultaneously tracked sphere positions. Transient upstream flow conditions were imposed by increasing the reduced velocity from

$U^{*} = 2.2$

to 4.5 (‘lock-in’, mode I). Three-dimensional vortex shedding under these transient conditions strongly resembled those at steady conditions at the same

$U^{*}$

. Changes in the wake accompanying the onset of VIV indicated several well-defined stages associated with the changing instantaneous location of the velocity deficit centroid and the wake's symmetry plane's orientation. Before the onset of VIV, the appearance of induced vortices led to lock-in of streamwise sphere oscillations prior to lock-in in the transverse direction. Shortly after (

$U^{*} \approx 3.6$

), preferential vortex shedding (wake symmetry plane aligned with tether) was lost. Upon reaching

$U^{*} = 4.5$

, flow–structure interaction reorganised vortex shedding and sphere motion, resulting in steady state conditions after some delay. At this stage, the symmetry plane was aligned perpendicular to the tether and pairs of alternately shed, single hairpins exerted transverse forcing on the sphere. At

$U^{*} = 7.2$

(mode II, steady upstream flow), pairs of double hairpins were shed per oscillation period with maximum instantaneous vortex force coefficients that were higher than at

$U^{*} = 4.5$

. While the present Reynolds numbers (

$Re$

) were chosen low, the different identified stages in the onset of VIV are also expected to be relevant at a higher

$Re$

range.
Constructive interference effects for tidal turbine arrays
Authors: McNaughton James , Cao Bowen , Nambiar Anup , Davey Thomas , Vogel Christopher R. , Willden Richard H.J.
Published: June 2022

The performance benefits of deploying tidal turbines in close side-by-side proximity to exploit constructive interference effects are demonstrated experimentally using two 1.2 m diameter turbines. The turbines are arrayed side-by-side at 1/4 diameter tip-to-tip spacing, and their performance compared with that of a single rotor. Tests were completed in the 25 m diameter, 2 m deep wave and current FloWave Ocean Energy Research facility. A detailed assessment of inflow conditions at different control points is used to understand the impact that rotors, designed for high blockage conditions, have on the approach flow. After accounting for global blockage, a 10.8 % uplift in the twin-turbine-averaged power coefficient, relative to that for a single turbine, is found for the turbine design speed, at the expense of a 5.2 % increase in thrust coefficient and 3.1 % increase in tip-speed-ratio. Flowfield mapping demonstrated flow effects at array and device scale including array bypass flows and jetting between turbines. Azimuthal variation of blade root flapwise and edgewise bending moments show that the turbines interact in a beneficial manner, with additional and sustained loading peaks as the blades pass in close proximity to the neighbouring rotor. Peak performance for the twin turbines occurred at a higher tip-speed-ratio than for the single turbine, which is consistent with the twin turbines exerting a higher thrust on the flow to achieve maximum power. The twin turbine performance variation with tip-speed-ratio is found to be more gradual than for the single turbine. Using differential rotor speed control we observe that array performance is robust to small differences in neighbouring rotor operating point. Through these experiments we demonstrate that there is a substantial, achievable performance benefit from closely arraying turbines for side-by-side operation and designing them for constructive interference.
Universal scaling of mean skin friction in turbulent boundary layers and fully developed pipe and channel flows
Authors: Dixit Shivsai Ajit , Gupta Abhishek , Choudhary Harish , Prabhakaran Thara
Published: June 2022

A dynamically consistent scaling of mean skin friction in zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers and fully developed pipe and channel flows, is derived. Theoretical arguments are based on transfer of kinetic energy from mean flow to large eddies of turbulence. A single new velocity scale

$M/\nu$

is shown to be dynamically relevant for scaling skin friction in all flows;

$M$

is the planar kinematic momentum rate of the shear flow and

$\nu$

is fluid kinematic viscosity. An asymptotic

$-1/2$

power scaling law (in

$M$

–

$\nu$

scaling) is shown to be universally applicable. It is observed that the semi-empirical finite-

$Re$

skin friction model, resulting from the asymptotic scaling law, applies well to individual flows, but fails to describe all flows in a universal fashion. This non-universality could be due to the differences in flow boundary conditions at finite Reynolds numbers and flow geometry, that affect the outer-layer structures in these flows. It is argued that these differences may be simply absorbed by considering differences in the shapes of mean velocity profiles amongst these flows. An empirical correction to

$M$

–

$\nu$

scaling is proposed based on Clauser's shape factor

$G$

. It is demonstrated that data from all flows in this new, semi-empirical

$M$

–

$\nu$

–

$G$

scaling collapse remarkably well onto a single universal curve. The corresponding universal finite-

$Re$

model in

$M$

–

$\nu$

–

$G$

scaling is shown to describe this curve to an excellent accuracy. These results underscore the importance of a dynamically consistent approach towards revealing universality of skin friction scaling in wall turbulence.
Dismantling the “Jungle”: migrant relocation and extreme voting in France
Authors: Vertier Paul , Viskanic Max , Gamalerio Matteo
Published: June 2022

Large migrant inflows have spurred anti-immigrant sentiment, but can small inflows have a different impact? We exploit the redistribution of migrants after the dismantling of the “Calais Jungle” in France to study the impact of the exposure to few migrants, which we estimate using difference-in-differences and instrumental variables. We find that in the presence of a migrant center (CAO), the growth rate of vote shares for the main far-right party (Front National (FN), our proxy for anti-immigrant sentiment) between 2012 and 2017 is reduced by about 12 percentage points. This effect, which crucially depends on the inflow's size, points toward the contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954).
Effects of whey and soy protein supplementation on inflammatory cytokines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Prokopidis Konstantinos , Mazidi Mohsen , Sankaranarayanan Rajiv , Tajik Behnam , McArdle Anne , Isanejad Masoud
Published: June 2022

Background and aims:

Low-grade inflammation is a mediator of muscle proteostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of isolated whey and soy proteins on inflammatory markers.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic literature search of randomised controlled trials (RCT) through MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases from inception until September 2021. To determine the effectiveness of isolated proteins on circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and TNF-α, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects (CRD42021252603).

Results:

Thirty-one RCT met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A significant reduction of circulating IL-6 levels following whey protein [Mean Difference (MD): −0·79, 95 % CI: −1·15, −0·42, I2 = 96 %] and TNF-α levels following soy protein supplementation (MD: −0·16, 95 % CI: −0·26, −0·05, I2 = 68 %) was observed. The addition of soy isoflavones exerted a further decline in circulating TNF-α levels (MD: −0·20, 95 % CI: −0·31, −0·08, I2 = 34 %). According to subgroup analysis, whey protein led to a statistically significant decrease in circulating IL-6 levels in individuals with sarcopenia and pre-frailty (MD: −0·98, 95 % CI: −1·56, −0·39, I2 = 0 %). These findings may be dependent on participant characteristics and treatment duration.

Conclusions:

These data support that whey and soy protein supplementation elicit anti-inflammatory effects by reducing circulating IL-6 and TNF-α levels, respectively. This effect may be enhanced by soy isoflavones and may be more prominent in individuals with sarcopenia.
Effect of 8-week intake of the n-3 fatty acid-rich perilla oil on the gut function and as a fuel source for female athletes: a randomised trial
Authors: Kawamura Aki , Nemoto Ken , Sugita Masaaki
Published: June 2022

Previous studies have examined the effects of n-3 fatty acid intake in supplement form or fish oil capsules, but there are few studies based on other foods. Perilla oil is a traditional Japanese seed oil rich in n-3 fatty acids. This randomised trial aimed to determine the appropriate n-3 fatty acid dose through consumption of perilla oil, which improves gut function and microbiota in trained athletes, and the amount of fat fuel required to provide energy to athletes involved in high-intensity training to improve athletic performance. Thirty-six female athletes training six times per week were randomly assigned to three groups according to perilla oil intake: 9 g/d (high oil intake (HOI)), 3 g/d (low oil intake (LOI)) and placebo-supplementation (PLA) groups. The HOI and LOI groups had perilla oil-containing jelly and the PLA group had placebo jelly for 8 weeks. Gut microbiota, constipation score and urinary biochemical index were measured pre- and post-intervention. The spoilage bacteria, Proteobacteria, significantly decreased (P = 0·036, d = 0·53), whereas Butyrate-producing bacteria, Lachnospiraceae, significantly increased (P = 0·007, d = 1·2) in the HOI group. Urinary indoxyl sulphate significantly decreased in the HOI group only (P = 0·010, d = 0·82). Changes in the constipation score were significantly lower in the HOI group (P = 0·020) and even lower in the LOI group (P = 0·073) than in the PLA group; there were significant differences between groups (P = 0·035). Therefore, perilla oil intake may improve gut function and microbiota in athletes, with higher doses resulting in further improvement.
COVID-19 data reporting systems in Africa reveal insights for future pandemics
Authors: Judson Seth D. , Torimiro Judith , Pigott David M. , Maima Apollo , Mostafa Ahmed , Samy Ahmed , Rabinowitz Peter , Njabo Kevin
Published: June 2022

Globally, countries have used diverse methods to report data during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using international guidelines and principles of emergency management, we compare national data reporting systems in African countries in order to determine lessons for future pandemics. We analyse COVID-19 reporting practices across 54 African countries through 2020. Reporting systems were diverse and included summaries, press releases, situation reports and online dashboards. These systems were communicated via social media accounts and websites belonging to ministries of health and public health. Data variables from the reports included event detection (cases/deaths/recoveries), risk assessment (demographics/co-morbidities) and response (total tests/hospitalisations). Of countries with reporting systems, 36/53 (67.9%) had recurrent situation reports and/or online dashboards which provided more extensive data. All of these systems reported cases, deaths and recoveries. However, few systems contained risk assessment and response data, with only 5/36 (13.9%) reporting patient co-morbidities and 9/36 (25%) including total hospitalisations. Further evaluation of reporting practices in Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal and South Africa as examples from different sub-regions revealed differences in reporting healthcare capacity and preparedness data. Improving the standardisation and accessibility of national data reporting systems could augment research and decision-making, as well as increase public awareness and transparency for national governments.
Photographic Insights from Engaged Archaeology: Yucatan and Beyond
Authors: Kurnick Sarah
Published: June 2022

Photography has been a particularly important though often under-theorized aspect of archaeological research. Although seemingly simple representations, photographs are simultaneously objective and subjective, truthful and creative. This article considers the contradictory nature of photography generally and the specific relationship between photography and archaeology. It then looks at the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico and examines how individuals have photographed ancient Maya sites, architecture and artifacts from the mid nineteenth century to the present. Initially used to support diffusionist theories of Maya origins, photography was later understood as a neutral and scientific way to record the Maya past. More recently, it has been used to share power more equitably with local communities and to make archaeology a more inclusive and relevant endeavour. Indeed, several have demonstrated that photography is a useful tool for engaged archaeology. This article argues that the reverse is also true: insights from engaged archaeology are useful tools for archaeological photography generally. By making photographic choices explicit and by including people and other aspects of the contemporary world in their photographs, scholars can emphasize that archaeology is a decisively human and necessarily political endeavour, and that archaeological sites and artifacts are dynamic and efficacious parts of the contemporary world.
Banal Profundity and Profound Banality
Authors: Darius Nicholson Rashna
Published: June 2022

Focusing on performance that functions outside explicitly theatrical frames, art installations staged in Hong Kong between June and October 2020 progress a broader view of Hong Kong’s complex development as global financial center, creative hub, and meeting point between “East” and “West.” Artists Mark Chung, Nadim Abbas, and Christopher Ho interrogate Hong Kong at a historically definitive moment, allowing audiences to study what constitutes “home” beyond what conventional academic analyses, traditional publishing outlets, and social media allow.
Palliative care nurses’ experiences of stress, anxiety, and burnout: A thematic synthesis
Authors: Clayton Malcolm , Marczak Magda
Published: June 2022

Objectives

This systematic literature review aimed to critically appraise empirical evidence investigating palliative care (PC) nurses’ experiences of stress, anxiety, and burnout.

Methods

Six databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed, and Web of Science) covering literature within psychology, medicine and healthcare, and social sciences were searched from inception until December 2020. Studies were eligible if they included qualitative literature reporting on experiences of nurses working in a PC setting of stress, anxiety, or burnout, and were published in English. Eighteen studies satisfied the review's inclusion criteria and were considered relevant to the review aims. Critical appraisal was undertaken using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist.

Results

Thematic synthesis identified three main themes: When work becomes personal, The burden on mind and body, and Finding meaning and connection. The findings suggested that stress, anxiety, and burnout are deeply personal feelings experienced by nurses both on an emotional and physical level. Additionally, PC nurses’ experiences can differ in meaning and strength depending on their relationships with patients, patients’ families, and colleagues.

Significance of the results

The synthesis highlighted that PC nurses' experiences are complex, encompassing clinical and organizational challenges, and the personal impact their work has on them. Having a greater understanding of the factors that contribute to PC nurses’ experiences may help in PC nurses’ core training and continuing professional education, as well as the provision of effective supervision and staff support.
Multiple Reactivations of the Rennick Graben Fault System (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica): New Evidence From Paleostress Analysis
Authors: Cianfarra P. , Locatelli M. , Capponi G. , Crispini L. , Rossi C. , Salvini F. , Federico L.
Published: June 2022

The dense fault network that separates the tectonic units of northern Victoria Land to the E from the East Antarctic Craton to the W represents a regionally sized, NNW‐SSE trending deformation zone that is also known as the Rennick Graben Fault system (RGF). This long‐lived deformation zone is characterized by great structural complexity, with the superposition and polyphasic reactivation of regional faults; it is known to have been active since the Cambrian‐Ordovician, when it formed as a suture zone between different terranes, up to the recent. Its complete framework and geodynamic evolution are still debated and have only been partially investigated. In this research, we explore the Meso‐Cenozoic tectonic framework of the RGF by investigating the paleostress fields that characterized the last geodynamic events in the area and their associated brittle deformation. We analyzed faults and fractures data collected at 89 sites during several PNRA ItaliAntartide expeditions and combined fault‐slip data inversion with the azimuthal orientation of faults and the spatial distribution of fracture intensities across the RGF. The results from this multi methodological approach confirm the existence of two geotectonic provinces (Bowers Mountains province to the E and Usarp Mountains to the W) characterized by different spatial distributions of brittle deformation, which are significantly more intense in the Bower Mountains domain. Here, the repeated reactivation of the RGF led to the superposition of two recent (Meso‐Cenozoic) major tectonic events, with prevalent strike‐slip kinematics and characterized by fault reactivation with right‐lateral movement overprinting the previous left‐lateral event.
Attribution of Observed Periodicity in Extreme Weather Events in Eastern North America
Authors: Walsh C. R. , Patterson R. T.
Published: June 2022

Instrumental weather records (1880–2020s) from eastern North America were analyzed to characterize the regional patterns and drivers of seasonal extreme weather (snow, rain, high and low temperatures). Using agglomerative hierarchical clustering of extreme weather data, the region was divided into three subregions that are influenced by coastal‐marine gradients and latitudinal factors. Subsequent analyses were performed on high‐quality stations from each subregion and results compared between one another. Long‐term locally weighted linear regressions delineated long‐term changes in extreme weather, and a combination of spectral analysis, continuous wavelet transforms, and cross wavelet transforms were used to identify periodic components in the data. Regional extreme weather is generally periodic, composed of interannual to interdecadal‐scale oscillations and driven by several natural climatic oscillations. The most important such oscillation is the 11‐year Schwabe Solar Cycle, which has a strong and continuous effect on regional extreme weather. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Quasi Biennial Oscillation also show considerable influence, but intermittently. The El Niño Southern Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation all have a weaker but interrelated influence. While the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation showed the weakest overall influence on regional extreme weather, it demonstrated a clear spatial gradient across the region, unlike the aforementioned oscillations. Long‐term changes in regional extreme weather are not generally important, in that a sustained increase or decrease in extreme weather events is not usually characteristic of the weather records. The primary exception to this result is for extreme minimum temperature events, whose frequency has slightly decreased since the 1880s.
Circling Antarctica to Unveil the Bed Below Its Icy Edge
Authors: Matsuoka Kenichi , Forsberg Ren� , Ferraccioli Fausto , Moholdt Geir , Morlighem Mathieu
Published: June 2022

An international initiative aims to collect a comprehensive airborne data set from the Antarctic Ice Sheet margin to better estimate ice discharge and sea level contributions today and in the future.
Quantifying the Effect of Climate Change on Midlatitude Subseasonal Prediction Skill Provided by the Tropics
Authors: Mayer Kirsten J. , Barnes Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2022

Subseasonal timescales (∼2 weeks–2 months) are known for their lack of predictability, however, specific Earth system states known to have a strong influence on these timescales can be harnessed to improve prediction skill (known as “forecasts of opportunity”). As the climate continues warming, it is hypothesized these states may change and consequently, their importance for subseasonal prediction may also be impacted. Here, we examine changes to midlatitude subseasonal prediction skill provided by the tropics under anthropogenic warming using artificial neural networks to quantify skill. The network is tasked to predict the sign of the 500 hPa geopotential height for historical and future time periods in the Community Earth System Model Version 2 ‐ Large Ensemble across the Northern Hemisphere at a 3 week lead using tropical precipitation. We show prediction skill changes substantially in key midlatitude regions and these changes appear linked to changes in seasonal variability with the largest differences in accuracy occurring during forecasts of opportunity.
Driving Mechanisms of an Extreme Winter Sea Ice Breakup Event in the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Rheinlænder Jonathan W. , Davy Richard , Ólason Einar , Rampal Pierre , Spensberger Clemens , Williams Timothy D. , Korosov Anton , Spengler Thomas
Published: June 2022

The thick multiyear sea ice that once covered large parts of the Arctic is increasingly being replaced by thinner and weaker first‐year ice, making it more vulnerable to breakup by winds. We use the neXtSIM sea ice model to investigate the driving mechanisms behind a large breakup event in the Beaufort Sea during winter 2013. Our simulations are the first to successfully reproduce the timing, location, and propagation of sea ice leads associated with wind‐driven breakup and highlight the importance of accuracy of the atmospheric forcing, sea ice rheology, and changes in sea ice thickness. We found that the breakup resulted in enhanced export of multiyear ice from the Beaufort Sea. Overall, this leads to a relatively thinner and weaker simulated ice cover that potentially preconditions earlier breakup in spring and accelerates sea ice loss. Finally, our simulations indicate that large breakup events could become more frequent as Arctic sea ice continues to thin.
Ultralow detection limit and ultrafast response/recovery of the H2 gas sensor based on Pd-doped rGO/ZnO-SnO2 from hydrothermal synthesis
Authors: Zhang Xinxiao , Sun Jianhai , Tang Kangsong , Wang Hairong , Chen Tingting , Jiang Kaisheng , Zhou Tianye , Quan Hao , Guo Ruihua
Published: June 2022

Hydrogen (H2) sensors are of great significance in hydrogen energy development and hydrogen safety monitoring. However, achieving fast and effective detection of low concentrations of hydrogen is a key problem to be solved in hydrogen sensing. In this work, we combined the excellent gas sensing properties of tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) with the outstanding electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and prepared palladium (Pd)-doped rGO/ZnO-SnO2 nanocomposites by a hydrothermal method. The crystal structure, structural morphology, and elemental composition of the material were characterized by FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption. The results showed that the Pd-doped ZnO-SnO2 composites were successfully synthesized and uniformly coated on the surface of the rGO. The hydrogen gas sensing performance of the sensor prepared in this work was investigated, and the results showed that, compared with the pure Pd-doped ZnO-SnO2 sensor, the Pd-doped rGO/ZnO-SnO2 sensor modified with 3 wt% rGO had better hydrogen (H2)-sensing response of 9.4–100 ppm H2 at 380 °C. In addition, this sensor had extremely low time parameters (the response time and recovery time for 100 ppm H2 at 380 °C were 4 s and 8 s, respectively) and an extremely low detection limit (50 ppb). Moreover, the sensor exhibited outstanding repeatability and restoration. According to the analysis of the sensing mechanism of this nanocomposite, the enhanced sensing performance of the Pd-doped rGO/ZnO-SnO2 sensor is mainly due to the heterostructure of rGO, ZnO, and SnO2, the excellent electrical and physical properties of rGO and the synergy between rGO and Pd.
Identifying alcohol misuse biotypes from neural connectivity markers and concurrent genetic associations
Authors: Zhu Tan , Becquey Chloe , Chen Yu , Lejuez Carl W. , Li Chiang-Shan R. , Bi Jinbo
Published: June 2022

Alcohol use behaviors are highly heterogeneous, posing significant challenges to etiologic research of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides intermediate endophenotypes in characterizing problem alcohol use and assessing the genetic architecture of addictive behavior. We used connectivity features derived from resting state functional MRI to subtype alcohol misuse (AM) behavior. With a machine learning pipeline of feature selection, dimension reduction, clustering, and classification we identified three AM biotypes—mild, comorbid, and moderate AM biotypes (MIA, COA, and MOA)—from a Human Connectome Project (HCP) discovery sample (194 drinkers). The three groups and controls (397 non-drinkers) demonstrated significant differences in alcohol use frequency during the heaviest 12-month drinking period (MOA > MIA; COA > non-drinkers) and were distinguished by connectivity features involving the frontal, parietal, subcortical and default mode networks. Further, COA relative to MIA, MOA and controls endorsed significantly higher scores in antisocial personality. A genetic association study identified that an alcohol use and antisocial behavior related variant rs16930842 from LINC01414 was significantly associated with COA. Using a replication HCP sample (28 drinkers and 46 non-drinkers), we found that subtyping helped in classifying AM from controls (area under the curve or AUC = 0.70,P < 0.005) in comparison to classifiers without subtyping (AUC = 0.60, not significant) and successfully reproduced the genetic association. Together, the results suggest functional connectivities as important features in classifying AM subgroups and the utility of reducing the heterogeneity in connectivity features among AM subgroups in advancing the research of etiological neural markers of AUD.