bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum Models of Cognition and Decision
Authors: Busemeyer Jerome R. , Bruza Peter D.
Published: August 2012

Much of our understanding of human thinking is based on probabilistic models. This innovative book by Jerome R. Busemeyer and Peter D. Bruza argues that, actually, the underlying mathematical structures from quantum theory provide a much better account of human thinking than traditional models. They introduce the foundations for modeling probabilistic-dynamic systems using two aspects of quantum theory. The first, 'contextuality', is a way to understand interference effects found with inferences and decisions under conditions of uncertainty. The second, 'quantum entanglement', allows cognitive phenomena to be modeled in non-reductionist ways. Employing these principles drawn from quantum theory allows us to view human cognition and decision in a totally new light. Introducing the basic principles in an easy-to-follow way, this book does not assume a physics background or a quantum brain and comes complete with a tutorial and fully worked-out applications in important areas of cognition and decision.
Sculpture and Social Dynamics in Preclassic Mesoamerica
Authors: Guernsey Julia
Published: August 2012

This book examines the functions of sculpture during the Preclassic period in Mesoamerica and its significance in statements of social identity. Julia Guernsey situates the origins and evolution of monumental stone sculpture within a broader social and political context and demonstrates the role that such sculpture played in creating and institutionalizing social hierarchies. This book focuses specifically on an enigmatic type of public, monumental sculpture known as the 'potbelly' that traces its antecedents to earlier, small domestic ritual objects and ceramic figurines. The cessation of domestic rituals involving ceramic figurines along the Pacific slope coincided not only with the creation of the first monumental potbelly sculptures, but with the rise of the first state-level societies in Mesoamerica by the advent of the Late Preclassic period. The potbellies became central to the physical representation of new forms of social identity and expressions of political authority during this time of dramatic change.
Numerical Methods in Finance with C++
Authors: Capiński Maciej J. , Zastawniak Tomasz
Published: August 2012

Driven by concrete computational problems in quantitative finance, this book provides aspiring quant developers with the numerical techniques and programming skills they need. The authors start from scratch, so the reader does not need any previous experience of C++. Beginning with straightforward option pricing on binomial trees, the book gradually progresses towards more advanced topics, including nonlinear solvers, Monte Carlo techniques for path-dependent derivative securities, finite difference methods for partial differential equations, and American option pricing by solving a linear complementarity problem. Further material, including solutions to all exercises and C++ code, is available online. The book is ideal preparation for work as an entry-level quant programmer and it gives readers the confidence to progress to more advanced skill sets involving C++ design patterns as applied in finance.
Venice
Authors: Ferraro Joanne M.
Published: August 2012

This book is a sweeping historical portrait of the floating city of Venice from its foundations to the present day. Joanne M. Ferraro considers Venice's unique construction within an amphibious environment and identifies the Asian, European and North African exchange networks that made it a vibrant and ethnically diverse Mediterranean cultural centre. Incorporating recent scholarly insights, the author discusses key themes related to the city's social, cultural, religious and environmental history, as well as its politics and economy. A refuge and a pilgrim stop; an international emporium and centre of manufacture; a mecca of spectacle, theatre, music, gambling and sexual experimentation; and an artistic and architectural marvel, Venice's allure springs eternal in every phase of the city's fascinating history.
Problem Solving in Organizations
Authors: Aken Joan van , Berends Hans , van der Bij Hans
Published: August 2012

This concise introduction to the methodology of problem solving in organizations is an indispensable guide to the design and execution of practical business improvement projects in real organizational settings. The methodology is design-oriented and theory-informed. It encourages students to use the theory gained in their disciplinary courses by showing them how to do so in a fuzzy, ambiguous and politically charged, real-life organizational context. The book provides an in-depth discussion of the various aspects and steps of the process of business and organizational problem-solving. Rather than presenting the methodology as a recipe to be followed, the authors demonstrate how to adapt the approach to specific situations and to be flexible in scheduling the work at the various steps in the process. It will be indispensable to MBA and other students who venture outside the university walls to do real-life fieldwork.
Studies in Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Lockyer Norman
Published: August 2012

Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer (1836–1920) was one of the pioneers of astronomical spectroscopy and became one of the most influential astronomers of his time. His main interest was sun spectroscopy, which led him to discover helium independently of Pierre Janssen, a scientist who posited its existence in the same year. In addition to his work in astronomy, Lockyer was one of the founders of Nature and was the editor of the journal for its first fifty years. This is the second edition of Lockyer's guide to spectroscopy, first published in 1878. It begins with the basics of spectroscopy such as the physics of waves and the method of observing spectra. Later chapters describe the history of the method and some of Lockyer's own experiments and findings. This book is a fascinating part of the history of astronomy, giving insights into the development of a method vital to the field.
War, Guilt, and World Politics after World War II
Authors: Berger Thomas U.
Published: August 2012

When do states choose to adopt a penitent stance towards the past? When do they choose to offer apologies for historical misdeeds, offer compensation for their victims and incorporate the darker sides of history into their textbooks, public monuments and museums? When do they choose not to do so? And what are the political consequences of how states portray the past? This book pursues these questions by examining how governments in post-1945 Austria, Germany and Japan have wrestled with the difficult legacy of the Second World War and the impact of their policies on regional politics in Europe and Asia. The book argues that states can reconcile over historical issues, but to do so requires greater political will and imposes greater costs than is commonly realized. At the same time, in an increasingly interdependent world, failure to do so can have a profoundly disruptive effect on regional relations and feed dangerous geopolitical tensions.
An Introduction to Celestial Mechanics
Authors: Fitzpatrick Richard
Published: August 2012

This accessible text on classical celestial mechanics, the principles governing the motions of bodies in the Solar System, provides a clear and concise treatment of virtually all of the major features of solar system dynamics. Building on advanced topics in classical mechanics such as rigid body rotation, Langrangian mechanics and orbital perturbation theory, this text has been written for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in astronomy, physics, mathematics and related fields. Specific topics covered include Keplerian orbits, the perihelion precession of the planets, tidal interactions between the Earth, Moon and Sun, the Roche radius, the stability of Lagrange points in the three-body problem and lunar motion. More than 100 exercises allow students to gauge their understanding and a solutions manual is available to instructors. Suitable for a first course in celestial mechanics, this text is the ideal bridge to higher level treatments.
Between States
Authors: Shain Yossi , Linz Juan J.
Published: August 2012

Between States is the first book that assesses systematically the broad implications of interim governments in the establishment of democratic regimes and on the existence of states. Based on historical and contemporary democratisation experiences, the book presents four ideal types of interim government: opposition-led provisional governments, power-sharing interim governments, incumbent-led caretaker governments, and international interim government by the United Nations. The first part explores the theoretical problems of each of these models from a broad comparative perspective. It uses as illustrations historical and contemporary cases that present a wide spectrum of contexts for comparison. The second part provides extensive case studies that are intended to illustrate, appraise, amplify and criticise the analysis in volume one. These include Iran, East Germany, Portugal, Afghanistan, and Yugoslavia.
Nonlinear Solid Mechanics
Authors: Bigoni Davide
Published: August 2012

This book covers solid mechanics for non-linear elastic and elastoplastic materials, describing the behaviour of ductile material subject to extreme mechanical loading and its eventual failure. The book highlights constitutive features to describe the behaviour of frictional materials such as geological media. On the basis of this theory, including large strain and inelastic behaviours, bifurcation and instability are developed with a special focus on the modelling of the emergence of local instabilities such as shear band formation and flutter of a continuum. The former is regarded as a precursor of fracture, while the latter is typical of granular materials. The treatment is complemented with qualitative experiments, illustrations from everyday life and simple examples taken from structural mechanics.
Genetic amplification and the individualization of the parent–child relationship across adolescence
Authors: Ludeke S. , Johnson W. , McGue M. , Iacono W. G.
Published: August 2012

Background

Many psychological traits become increasingly influenced by genetic factors throughout development, including several that might intuitively be seen as purely environmental characteristics. One such trait is the parent–child relationship, which is associated with a variety of socially significant outcomes, including mental health and criminal behavior. Genetic factors have been shown to partially underlie some of these associations, but the changing role of genetic influence over time remains poorly understood.

Method

Over 1000 participants in a longitudinal twin study were assessed at three points across adolescence with a self-report measure regarding the levels of warmth and conflict in their relationships with their parents. These reports were analyzed with a biometric growth curve model to identify changes in genetic and environmental influences over time.

Results

Genetic influence on the child-reported relationship with parent increased throughout adolescence, while the relationship's quality deteriorated. The increase in genetic influence resulted primarily from a positive association between genetic factors responsible for the initial relationship and those involved in change in the relationship over time. By contrast, environmental factors relating to change were negatively related to those involved in the initial relationship.

Conclusions

The increasing genetic influence seems to be due to early genetic influences having greater freedom of expression over time whereas environmental circumstances were decreasingly important to variance in the parent–child relationship. We infer that the parent–child relationship may become increasingly influenced by the particular characteristics of the child (many of which are genetically influenced), gradually displacing the effects of parental or societal ideas of child rearing.
PHILL NIBLOCK: THE ORCHESTRA PIECES
Authors: Gilmore Bob
Published: August 2012

This article focuses on the six pieces for orchestra, the earliest from 1998 and the most recent from 2011, by the American composer and filmmaker Phill Niblock (b.1933). These works stand apart from Niblock's more usual practice: that of making compositions on tape (later on computer) by superimposing layers of recordings of held tones played by individual instruments, the tones pitch-shifted to make dense, microtonal drone textures. Yet there are many similarities, in intent if not in sounding result. The article examines the manner of construction of the orchestral works, with emphasis on their pitch structure, and describes the performance practice that has grown around them in recent years. It describes Niblock's particular use of microtonal intervals (approximated in his notation in increments of a sixteenth of a tone) in generating both the textures and the overall form of his compositions, as well as the intended spatial distribution of the musicians in several of the pieces.
Producing bilinguals through immersion education: Development of metalinguistic awareness
Authors: BIALYSTOK ELLEN , PEETS KATHLEEN F. , MORENO SYLVAIN
Published: August 2012

This study examined metalinguistic awareness in children who were becoming bilingual in an immersion education program. The purpose was to determine at what point in emerging bilingualism the previously reported metalinguistic advantages appear and what types of metalinguistic tasks reveal these developmental differences. Participants were 124 children in second and fifth grades who were enrolled in either a French immersion or a regular English program. All children were from monolingual English-speaking homes and attended local public schools in middle socioeconomic neighborhoods. Measures included morphological awareness, syntactic awareness, and verbal fluency, with all testing in English. These tasks differed in their need for executive control, a cognitive ability that is enhanced in bilingual children. Overall, the metalinguistic advantages reported in earlier research emerged gradually, with advantages for tasks requiring more executive control (grammaticality judgment) appearing later and some tasks improving but not exceeding performance of monolinguals (verbal fluency) even by fifth grade. These findings demonstrate the gradual emergence of changes in metalinguistic concepts associated with bilingualism over a period of about 5 years. Performance on English-language proficiency tasks was maintained by French immersion children throughout in spite of schooling being conducted in French.
A GENTLEMAN IN EXILE: LIFE AND BACKGROUND OF THE COMPOSER JOHN RAVENSCROFT
Authors: Barbieri Patrizio , Talbot Michael
Published: August 2012

John Ravenscroft (1664/5–1697) is today best known for the fact that in 1695 he published a set of church sonatas that closely imitate Corelli in their style. The discourse around Ravenscroft has ever since focused on these twelve sonatas and the significance of their relationship to their illustrious model, to the exclusion of a later set of sonatas of different kind but equal merit. Ravenscroft's fascinating and unusual biography has likewise been totally ignored. The article examines the background of his distinguished, Catholic-leaning family in England during a long, turbulent period when Catholics were severely disadvantaged and his short but productive period spent in Rome, aided by newly discovered archival documents and a rich variety of other sources, both old and more recent, most of which have previously been overlooked by music historians.
POLYPHONIC LAUDE AND HYMNS IN A FRANCISCAN CODEX FROM THE END OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Carboni Fabio , Ziino Agostino
Published: August 2012

St Isidore's College in Rome, belonging to the Irish Franciscan Province, preserves a manuscript from the end of the fifteenth century, MS I/88, which in addition to various Latin theological and liturgical texts contains many Italian laude and Latin hymns, nine of which have music. The two laude are Vergene madre pia and O Jesù dolce, o infinit'amore, for two voices; of the seven Latin hymns, three are for three voices, two for two, and one is monodic. All these pieces are also found in other sources except for the two-voice hymn Hic est Christus, which appears to be an unicum. This new source, in conjunction with those already known, not only permits us to understand the history of the manuscript tradition of these texts and their music, but also is very interesting in that it provides a new witness for the diffusion of the lauda in Franciscan circles and the particular ways in which it was transmitted – not in official liturgical books but within miscellaneous volumes of texts and prayers of various kinds, uses, and provenance. Finally, from a musical point of view the Franciscan manuscript confirms the use of so-called ‘simple polyphony’ throughout the fifteenth century side by side with more complex polyphony in the Franco-Flemish tradition.
«Deux-trois mots» sur les déterminants de petite quantité: pluriel continu et perception sémantique
Authors: GRÉA PHILIPPE
Published: August 2012

Les indéfinisquelquesetplusieursse distinguent par un mode de sommation très différent.Quelques Nne dénote pas une véritable pluralité d’éléments mais une entité collective. On observe un phénomène identique avec les juxtapositions de numéraux, les disjonctions de numéraux et certains numéraux simples.

Dans un premier temps, nous explorons un premier type d'explication fondé sur les concepts de quantification vague et d'approximation. Nous concluons que ces concepts ne sont pas satisfaisants.

Nous présentons alors une alternative fondée sur la transposition, dans le domaine sémantique, d'une notion centrale de laGestalttheorie: l'opposition entre constituant et élément.
Système des démonstratifs médiévaux et exemples de stratégies communicatives
Authors: GUILLOT CÉLINE
Published: August 2012

Notre recherche porte sur la valeur sémantique des deux séries de démonstratifs médiévaux, CIST et CIL, aux 12eet 13esiècles. En nous fondant sur la théorie de la sphère personnelle du locuteur, nous montrons que l'usage des deux paradigmes médiévaux repose sur les stratégies communicatives du locuteur, qui se positionne par rapport à son allocutaire en choisissant d'utiliser telle ou telle forme. Pour étayer notre hypothèse, nous étudions plus spécifiquement les SN démonstratifs prédicatifs en français médiéval. Nous montrons également que notre approche permet de mieux comprendre certains effets du démonstratif du français moderne.
Patient Risk Assessment in the PACU: An Essential Element in Clinical Decision Making and Planning Care
Authors: Smedley Pat
Published: August 2012

Decision making in post-anaesthetic care practice is an underresearched area. The patient undergoes rapid and profound physiological change in the early stages of recovery. The practitioner is required to assimilate information about the patient, assess his clinical status, plan proactive care and provide an immediate reactive intervention depending on his/her condition. Knowledge and understanding of the standard risks of anaesthesia and surgery ensure that the practitioner is able to prevent complications arising in the routine recovery. This article investigates the role that risk assessment plays in clinical decision making and planning care in the post-anaesthetic care unit.
Upgrade of the 88-Inch Cyclotron Power Amplifier
Authors: Kireeff Covo Michel
Published: August 2012

The radiofrequency (RF) system of the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is a resonant system based on the quarter-wave cantilever-type resonating structure. Power is fed to the Dee from the anode of the 500 kW RCA 4648 tetrode tube operating in grounded cathode configuration, which is coupled to the side of the Dee stem. The tube is obsolete and makes its continued use impractical. A new final power amplifier was designed and built using the commercially available tube Eimac 4W150,000E. The new amplifier was successfully commissioned and has been reliable and easy to operate.
A conceptual semidistributed model of the Coulazou River as a tool for assessing surface water–karst groundwater interactions during flood in Mediterranean ephemeral rivers
Authors: Bailly‐Comte V. , Borrell‐Estupina V. , Jourde H. , Pistre S.
Published: August 2012

This study aims to assess surface water–karst groundwater interactions during floods in the Mediterranean karst watershed of the Coulazou River (southern France) using a conceptual semidistributed model at 5 min time steps. The kinematic wave routing approximation is used for the transfer of surface flow, while overflows from a linear underground reservoir account for karst flows along the riverbed. After calibration, values of parameters and simulated time series are compared to independent physical measurements. Results show that direct runoff can be neglected on the karst terrains. In addition, this study demonstrates that, in some cases, karst watersheds can be considered as relatively poor systems of regulation but strong systems of amplification or generation of floods and flash floods, depending on rainfall characteristics and also on groundwater level conditions prior to the flood event. Considering that the flood peak is the most important factor defining flash flood hazard, it is shown that the flood hazard regulation effect of the karst is relatively limited for low water table conditions prior to the flood, while the aggravating effect for high water table conditions may be higher than 80% with respect to expected values from surface runoff only. These results show that understanding groundwater–surface water interactions is crucial for describing the flash flood dynamics in karst terrains.
Plasma angular momentum effects and twisted incoherent scatter radar beams
Authors: Leyser T. B. , Waldemarsson F. , Buchert S. C.
Published: August 2012

Phased arrays provide new possibilities for remote sensing with radars. By imposing an azimuthal phase variation, electromagnetic beams that carry orbital angular momentum can be formed. Such beams have a phase structure that appears twisted and as a result an intensity null in the center of the beam cross section. Here we numerically investigate twisted beams for incoherent scatter radars that are used to study the ionosphere. We discuss the possibility of utilizing such radar beams to probe twisted beams of plasma waves and flows transverse to the beam axis, such as associated with auroral arcs. Transverse plasma flows may give rise to a rotational frequency shift of the scatter from a twisted beam and Doppler broadening due to the beam divergence, the latter also occurring with regular beams. Although the angular momentum effects of the considered large scale flows are generally small, sheared and vortical flows transverse to the beam axis can in principle be discriminated from unidirectional flows with beams carrying orbital angular momentum.
Can we trust earthquake cluster detection tests?
Authors: Dimer de Oliveira F.
Published: August 2012

Testing the global earthquake catalogue for indications of non‐Poissonian attributes has been an area of intense research, especially since the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The usual approach is to test statistically the hypothesis that the global earthquake catalogue is well explained by a Poissonian process. In this paper we analyse one aspect of this problem which has been disregarded by the literature: the power of such tests to detect non‐Poissonian features if they exist; that is, the probability of type II statistical errors. We argue in this article that the low frequency of large events and the brevity of our earthquake catalogues reduce the power of the statistical tests and render them unable to provide an unequivocal answer to this question. We do this using a counter example of a stochastic process that is clustered by construction and by analysing the resulting distribution of p‐values given by a selection of statistical tests related to those found in the literature.
Problem of the Love‐Gannon relation between the asymmetric disturbance field and Dst
Authors: Siscoe G. L. , Love J. J. , Gannon J. L.
Published: August 2012

Love and Gannon (2009) discovered that statistically, over a fifty year period the difference in the dawn and dusk disturbance‐field H component at low latitudes (hourly averaged) is linearly proportional to Dst. If the difference is designated by δDD in units of nT/RE, then the Love‐Gannon (L‐G) relation is δDD = −0.2 Dst. At any time departures from the relation can be large. Nonetheless, the relation is evident for all values of Dst and persists throughout magnetic storms, both the main phase and the recovery phase. The Love‐Gannon discovery presents a problem to current understanding of the relation between the causes of δDD and Dst because the dawn dusk asymmetry in the disturbance field is presumably governed by a long‐established magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling theory which predicts a characteristic time scale (the shielding time) of less than an hour whereas the characteristic time scale for Dst (the ring current decay time) is more like ten hours. Thus, without forcing both time scales toward each other to the limits of their ranges, a linear proportionality between δDD and Dst cannot be derived from the current understanding of the causes of the asymmetry and the ring current. This conclusion is the paper's main contribution. In addition, we attempt to get around the conflict of time scales by looking at other possibilities for generating δDD that depend directly on the ring current. The most promising of these is the possibility that the ring current decay mechanism creates a quasi‐permanent, local‐time modification of the ring current compared to what it would be in the absence of the decay mechanism and that this modification causes a field‐aligned current that closes through the ionosphere and generates the asymmetry δDD. This idea has the virtue of coupling the asymmetry directly to the ring current and of accounting for the persistence of the L‐G proportionality through the recovery phase of magnetic storms.
High Rayleigh number thermal convection in volumetrically heated spherical shells
Authors: Deschamps Frédéric , Yao Chloé , Tackley Paul J. , Sanchez‐Valle C.
Published: August 2012

We conducted experiments of isoviscous thermal convection in homogeneous, volumetrically heated spherical shells with various combinations of curvature, rate of internal heating, and Rayleigh number. We define a characteristic temperature adapted to volumetrically heated shells, for which the appropriate Rayleigh number, measuring the vigor of convection, is
, where fis the ratio between the inner and outer radii of the shell. Our experiments show that the scenario proposed by Parmentier and Sotin (2000) to describe convection in volumetrically heated 3D‐Cartesian boxes fully applies in spherical geometry, regardless of the shell curvature. The dynamics of the thermal boundary layer are controlled by both newly generated instabilities and surviving cold plumes initiated by previous instabilities. The characteristic time for the growth of instabilities in the thermal boundary layer scales asRaVH−1/2, regardless of the shell curvature. We derive parameterizations for the average temperature of the shell and for the temperature jump across the thermal boundary layer, and find that these quantities are again independent of the shell curvature and vary as RaVH−0.238 and RaVH−1/4, respectively. These findings appear to be valid down to relatively low values of the Rayleigh‐Roberts number, around 105.
A New Perspective on Developmental Language Problems: Perceptual Organization Deficits
Authors: Nittrouer Susan
Published: August 2012

Children with a variety of language-related problems, including dyslexia, experience difficulty processing the acoustic speech signal, leading to proposals of diagnostic entities known as auditory processing deficits. Although descriptions of these deficits vary across accounts, most hinge on the idea that problems arise at the level of detecting and/or discriminating sensory inputs. In this article, the author re-examines that idea and proposes that the difficulty more likely arises in how those sensations get organized into service for auditory comprehension of language.
Gamma-to-electron magnetic spectrometer (GEMS): An energy-resolved γ-ray diagnostic for the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Kim Y. , Herrmann H. W. , Hilsabeck T. J. , Moy K. , Stoeffl W. , Mack J. M. , Young C. S. , Wu W. , Barlow D. B. , Schillig J. B. , Sims J. R. , Lopez F. E. , Mares D. , Oertel J. A. , Hayes-Sterbenz A. C.
Published: August 2012

The gamma-to-electron magnetic spectrometer, having better than 5% energy resolution, is proposed to resolve γ-rays in the range of Eo ± 20% in single shot, where Eo is the central energy and is tunable from 2 to 25 MeV. Gamma-rays from inertial confinement fusion implosions interact with a thin Compton converter (e.g., beryllium) located at approximately 300 cm from the target chamber center (TCC). Scattered electrons out of the Compton converter enter an electromagnet placed outside the NIF chamber (approximately 600 cm from TCC) where energy selection takes place. The electromagnet provides tunable Eo over a broad range in a compact manner. Energy resolved electrons are measured by an array of quartz Cherenkov converters coupled to photomultipliers. Given 100 detectable electrons in the energy bins of interest, 3 × 1014 minimum deuterium/tritium (DT) neutrons will be required to measure the 4.44 MeV 12C γ-rays assuming 200 mg/cm2 plastic ablator areal density and 3 × 1015 minimum DT neutrons to measure the 16.75 MeV DT γ-ray line.
Excited state dynamics in photosynthetic reaction center and light harvesting complex 1
Authors: Strümpfer Johan , Schulten Klaus
Published: August 2012

Key to efficient harvesting of sunlight in photosynthesis is the first energy conversion process in which electronic excitation establishes a trans-membrane charge gradient. This conversion is accomplished by the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) that is, in case of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides studied here, surrounded by light harvesting complex 1 (LH1). The RC employs six pigment molecules to initiate the conversion: four bacteriochlorophylls and two bacteriopheophytins. The excited states of these pigments interact very strongly and are simultaneously influenced by the surrounding thermal protein environment. Likewise, LH1 employs 32 bacteriochlorophylls influenced in their excited state dynamics by strong interaction between the pigments and by interaction with the protein environment. Modeling the excited state dynamics in the RC as well as in LH1 requires theoretical methods, which account for both pigment-pigment interaction and pigment-environment interaction. In the present study we describe the excitation dynamics within a RC and excitation transfer between light harvesting complex 1 (LH1) and RC, employing the hierarchical equation of motion method. For this purpose a set of model parameters that reproduce RC as well as LH1 spectra and observed oscillatory excitation dynamics in the RC is suggested. We find that the environment has a significant effect on LH1-RC excitation transfer and that excitation transfers incoherently between LH1 and RC.
Influence of velocity effects on the shape of N2 (and air) broadened H2O lines revisited with classical molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Ngo N. H. , Tran H. , Gamache R. R. , Bermejo D. , Domenech J.-L.
Published: August 2012

The modeling of the shape of H2O lines perturbed by N2 (and air) using the Keilson-Storer (KS) kernel for collision-induced velocity changes is revisited with classical molecular dynamics simulations (CMDS). The latter have been performed for a large number of molecules starting from intermolecular-potential surfaces. Contrary to the assumption made in a previous study [H. Tran, D. Bermejo, J.-L. Domenech, P. Joubert, R. R. Gamache, and J.-M. Hartmann, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 108, 126 (2007)]10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.03.009, the results of these CMDS show that the velocity-orientation and -modulus changes statistically occur at the same time scale. This validates the use of a single memory parameter in the Keilson-Storer kernel to describe both the velocity-orientation and -modulus changes. The CMDS results also show that velocity- and rotational state-changing collisions are statistically partially correlated. A partially correlated speed-dependent Keilson-Storer model has thus been used to describe the line-shape. For this, the velocity changes KS kernel parameters have been directly determined from CMDS, while the speed-dependent broadening and shifting coefficients have been calculated with a semi-classical approach. Comparisons between calculated spectra and measurements of several lines of H2O broadened by N2 (and air) in the ν3 and 2ν1 + ν2 + ν3 bands for a wide range of pressure show very satisfactory agreement. The evolution of non-Voigt effects from Doppler to collisional regimes is also presented and discussed.
The new insight into dynamic crossover in glass forming liquids from the apparent enthalpy analysis
Authors: Martinez-Garcia Julio Cesar , Martinez-Garcia Jorge , Rzoska Sylwester J. , Hulliger Jürg
Published: August 2012

One of the most intriguing phenomena in glass forming systems is the dynamic crossover (TB), occurring well above the glass temperature (Tg). So far, it was estimated mainly from the linearized derivative analysis of the primary relaxation time τ(T) or viscosity η(T) experimental data, originally proposed by Stickel et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 104, 2043 (1996)10.1063/1.470961; Stickel et al. J. Chem. Phys. 107, 1086 (1997)]10.1063/1.474456. However, this formal procedure is based on the general validity of the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation, which has been strongly questioned recently [T. Hecksher et al. Nature Phys. 4, 737 (2008)10.1038/nphys1033; P. Lunkenheimer et al. Phys. Rev. E 81, 051504 (2010)10.1103/PhysRevE.81.051504; J. C. Martinez-Garcia et al. J. Chem. Phys. 134, 024512 (2011)]10.1063/1.3514589. We present a qualitatively new way to identify the dynamic crossover based on the apparent enthalpy space ($H_a^\prime = {{d\ln \tau }/{d({1/T})}}$Ha′=dlnτ/d(1/T)) analysis via a new plot $\ln H_a^\prime $lnHa′ vs. 1/T supported by the Savitzky-Golay filtering procedure for getting an insight into the noise-distorted high order derivatives. It is shown that depending on the ratio between the “virtual” fragility in the high temperature dynamic domain (mhigh) and the “real” fragility at Tg (the low temperature dynamic domain, m = mlow) glass formers can be splitted into two groups related to f < 1 and f > 1, (f = mhigh/mlow). The link of this phenomenon to the ratio between the apparent enthalpy and activation energy as well as the behavior of the configurational entropy is indicated.
Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics with complex quantum trajectories. II. The adiabatic representation
Authors: Zamstein Noa , Tannor David J.
Published: August 2012

We present a complex quantum trajectory method for treating non-adiabatic dynamics. Each trajectory evolves classically on a single electronic surface but with complex position and momentum. The equations of motion are derived directly from the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, and the population exchange arises naturally from amplitude-transfer terms. In this paper the equations of motion are derived in the adiabatic representation to complement our work in the diabatic representation [N. Zamstein and D. J. Tannor, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 22A517 (2012)]10.1063/1.4739845. We apply our method to two benchmark models introduced by John Tully [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 1061 (1990)]10.1063/1.459170, and get very good agreement with converged quantum-mechanical calculations. Specifically, we show that decoherence (spatial separation of wavepackets on different surfaces) is already contained in the equations of motion and does not require ad hoc augmentation.
Plasma parameters and electromagnetic forces induced by the magneto hydro dynamic interaction in a hypersonic argon flow experiment
Authors: Cristofolini Andrea , Neretti Gabriele , Borghi Carlo A.
Published: August 2012

This work proposes an experimental analysis on the magneto hydro dynamic (MHD) interaction induced by a magnetic test body immersed into a hypersonic argon flow. The characteristic plasma parameters are measured. They are related to the voltages arising in the Hall direction and to the variation of the fluid dynamic properties induced by the interaction. The tests have been performed in a hypersonic wind tunnel at Mach 6 and Mach 15. The plasma parameters are measured in the stagnation region in front of the nozzle of the wind tunnel and in the free stream region at the nozzle exit. The test body has a conical shape with the cone axis in the gas flow direction and the cone vertex against the flow. It is placed at the nozzle exit and is equipped with three permanent magnets. In the configuration adopted, the Faraday current flows in a closed loop completely immersed into the plasma of the shock layer. The electric field and the pressure variation due to MHD interaction have been measured on the test body walls. Microwave adsorption measurements have been used for the determination of the electron number density and the electron collision frequency. Continuum recombination radiation and line radiation emissions have been detected. The electron temperature has been determined by means of the spectroscopic data by using different methods. The electron number density has been also determined by means of the Stark broadening of Hα and the Hβ lines. Optical imaging has been utilized to visualize the pattern of the electric current distribution in the shock layer around the test body. The experiments show a considerable effect of the electromagnetic forces produced by the MHD interaction acting on the plasma flow around the test body. A comparison of the experimental data with simulation results shows a good agreement.
Generalized Runge-Lenz vector and a hidden symmetry of the nine-dimensional MICZ-Kepler problem
Authors: Phan Ngoc-Hung , Le Van-Hoang
Published: August 2012

The problem of a particle in the Coulomb potential in a nine-dimensional space with the presence of the SO(8) monopole has been investigated recently and is called the nine-dimensional MICZ-Kepler problem. In this paper, we construct a new integral of motion of the system and name it the generalized Runge-Lenz vector. This integral of motion relates to a hidden symmetry of the problem, and hence we are able to construct explicitly a complete symmetry group of the problem, which is SO(10) instead of SO(9).
Structures and magnetic properties of CrSin− (n = 3–12) clusters: Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations
Authors: Kong Xiangyu , Xu Hong-Guang , Zheng Weijun
Published: August 2012

Chromium-doped silicon clusters, CrSin−(n = 3–12), were investigated with anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The combination of experimental measurement and theoretical calculations reveals that the onset of endohedral structure in CrSin− clusters occurs at n = 10 and the magnetic properties of the CrSin− clusters are correlated to their geometric structures. The most stable isomers of CrSin− from n = 3 to 9 have exohedral structures with magnetic moments of 3–5μB while those of CrSi10−, CrSi11−, and CrSi12− have endohedral structures and magnetic moments of 1μB.
Measurements of neutral density profiles using a deuterium Balmer-alpha diagnostic in the C-2 FRC plasma
Authors: Gupta Deepak K. , Deng B. H. , Knapp K. , Sun X. , Thompson M. C.
Published: August 2012

In C-2 field-reversed configuration (FRC) device, low neutral density outside the FRC separatrix is required to minimize the charge exchange loss of fast particles. Titanium gettering is used in C-2 to reduce the wall recycling and keep the neutral density low in plasma edge. The measurements of neutral density radial profile are desirable to understand the plasma recycling and the effects of titanium gettering. These measurements are also needed to study the interaction of neutral beams with FRC plasma and confinement of fast ions. Diagnostic based on absolute deuterium Balmer-alpha (D-alpha) radiation measurements is developed and deployed on C-2 device to measure the radial profile of neutral density. Simultaneous measurements of electron density and temperature are done using CO2 interferometer, Thomson scattering, and triple probes diagnostics along with absolute D-alpha radiation. Abel inversion was performed to get the time dependent radial profile of the local D-alpha emission density. Neutral density profiles are obtained under different machine conditions of titanium deposition.
Feasibility of encoding Shor's algorithm into the motional states of an ion in the anharmonic trap
Authors: Wang Lei , Babikov Dmitri
Published: August 2012

We demonstrate theoretically that it may be possible to encode states of a multi-qubit system into the progression of quantized motional/vibrational levels of an ion trapped in a weakly anharmonic potential. Control over such register of quantum information is achieved by applying oscillatory radio-frequency fields shaped optimally for excitation of the desired state-to-state transitions. Anharmonicity of the vibrational spectrum plays a key role in this approach to the control and quantum computation, since it allows resolving different state-to-state transitions and addressing them selectively. Optimal control theory is used to derive pulses for implementing the four-qubit version of Shor's algorithm in a single step. Accuracy of the qubit-state transformations, reached in the numerical simulations, is around 0.999. Very detailed insight is obtained by analysis of the time-evolution of state populations and by spectral analysis of the optimized pulse.
Electron geodesic acoustic modes in electron temperature gradient mode turbulence
Authors: Anderson Johan , Nordman Hans , Singh Raghvendra , Kaw Predhiman
Published: August 2012

In this work, the first demonstration of an electron branch of the geodesic acoustic mode (el-GAM) driven by electron temperature gradient (ETG) modes is presented. The work is based on a fluid description of the ETG mode retaining non-adiabatic ions and the dispersion relation for el-GAMs driven nonlinearly by ETG modes is derived. A new saturation mechanism for ETG turbulence through the interaction with el-GAMs is found, resulting in a significantly enhanced ETG turbulence saturation level compared to the mixing length estimate.
Thermo-economic analysis of absorption air cooling system for pressurized solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine cycle
Authors: Ghadamian H. , Hamidi A. A. , Farzaneh H. , Ozgoli H. A.
Published: August 2012

Using hybrid pressurized solid oxide fuel cell (PSOFC)/gas turbine (GT) power generation system with biomass gasification, increases total energy efficiency and make considerable reduction with fossil fuel quantitative consumption. Also, cooling the inlet air by absorption chillers will contribute to maximization of the efficiency of combined cycle’s power plants. In this research, by increasing efficiency approaches, environmental and economic aspects considered on a novel considerable hybrid cycle capacity are determined with 1.7 MW, which used biomass fuel as a part of system fuel requirement for small scale industrial factory end users. The suggested PSOFC/GT combined system and absorption inlet air cooling system has been modeled with cycle-tempo software, calculated total cycle energy, and mass balance. In addition, the pilot and the case have been designed for hot and humid weather condition in the austral city of Ahwaz in Iran. The heat required to supply the absorption system is supplied by the exhaust gas from HRSG. Generation of more HP steam and minimization of natural gas consumption are among the other advantages of such systems. The cycle assessment indicates that appending an absorption inlet air cooling system will result in maximization of the combined cycle efficiency (on average by 1.5%) and outlet power (on average by 8.5%) during the 6 months within hot seasons of the year. Having performed the economic analysis, the payback period was to equal 8.1 year and IRR deduced to be 15.6%.
Influence of annealing atmospheres and synthetic air treatment on solution processed zinc oxide thin film transistors
Authors: Busch C. , Schierning G. , Theissmann R. , Schmechel R.
Published: August 2012

Thin film transistors (TFTs) based on active layers of zinc oxide prepared from a solution process were fabricated under different annealing conditions. The influence of the annealing gas as well as the influence of a subsequent exposure to synthetic air to the device properties is considered. Annealing under N2 or H2 atmosphere leads to a strong negative threshold voltage shift. With respect to known defect states in ZnO, two different donor states are suggested to be responsible for the negative threshold voltage. A subsequent synthetic air treatment causes in general a positive threshold voltage shift. However, transistors annealed under H2 degrade very fast under synthetic air in contrast to transistors annealed under N2. In order to obtain more information about the density of states (DOS) distribution, a transistor model for thin film transistors in the hopping transport regime (Vissenberg model) was utilized. For positive threshold voltages, the DOS distribution is independent from the gas treatment and the threshold voltage within the experimental accuracy. This indicates a shift of the Fermi-level within an exponentially decaying DOS. The change in the charge carrier density is either due to shallow donors or due to a charge transfer with acceptors at the surface. In contrast, for negative threshold voltages, the DOS distribution parameter rises, indicating a flatter DOS distribution. We suggest that the difference is due to the change from accumulation mode to the depletion mode of the device.
Resonant wave-particle interactions modified by intrinsic Alfvénic turbulence
Authors: Wu C. S. , Wang C. B. , Wu D. J. , Lee K. H.
Published: August 2012

The concept of wave-particle interactions via resonance is well discussed in plasma physics. This paper shows that intrinsic Alfvén waves can qualitatively modify the physics discussed in conventional linear plasma kinetic theories. It turns out that preexisting Alfvén waves can affect particle motion along the ambient magnetic field and, moreover, the ensuing force field is periodic in time. As a result, the meaning of the usual Landau and cyclotron resonance conditions becomes questionable. It turns out that this effect leads us to find a new electromagnetic instability. In such a process intrinsic Alfvén waves not only modify the unperturbed distribution function but also result in a different type of cyclotron resonance which is affected by the level of turbulence. This instability might enable us to better our understanding of the observed radio emission processes in the solar atmosphere.
Beam-wave interaction analysis of a magnetically insulated line oscillator
Authors: Dwivedi Smrity , Jain P. K.
Published: August 2012

Magnetically insulated line oscillator (MILO) using a metal disc-loaded coaxial cylindrical waveguide as its RF interaction structure is field analyzed for the beam-wave interaction using the linearized Vlasov equation. The beam present dispersion relation of the device is obtained applying the modal matching technique which is further used to estimate the oscillation frequency, temporal growth rate, output energy, and other device parameters. Further, MILO is simulated using commercial pic code “magic,” and the electron momentum and energy plots are found to be in agreement with those obtained through the present analysis within 5%. Furthermore, the device temporal growth rate reported in the literature for the experimental MILO device is also compared with the present analytical theory and found in agreement ∼5%.