bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acquisition de la prosodie en langue additionnelle : l’accentuation en français par des locuteurs adultes plurilingues de langue initiale turque
Authors: Marchand Aline , Le Gac David
Published: September 2020

Cette étude expérimentale porte sur l’acquisition des accents primaire (A1) et secondaire (A2) en français langue additionnelle (La) par des locuteurs adultes plurilingues de langue initiale (Li) turque. Étant donné les convergences et divergences entre les A1 et A2 français et turcs concernant leurs places et paramètres acoustiques, l’objectif est de voir comment sont réalisés ces accents en français La par les locuteurs turcs. L’analyse contrastive des deux systèmes accentuels suggère que, par rapport au français Li, les locuteurs turcs réalisent des écarts phonétiques plutôt que phonologiques. L’analyse acoustique avec Praat confirme nos hypothèses : sur le plan phonologique, l’A1 en français La est bien placé en fin de groupe accentuel, avec les paramètres acoustiques pertinents (F0 et durée), et l’A2 initial n’est pas réinterprété comme un A1 turc non final ; mais sur le plan phonétique, les locuteurs ont des difficultés à gérer les proportions des allongements et des variations de F0. Ces résultats confirment les prédictions de l’Hypothèse de la surdité accentuelle (Dupoux & al. 1997/2010) et de l’Hypothèse de la Différence de Marque (Eckman 1977/2008) : l’A1 turc étant au moins aussi complexe que l’A1 français, les locuteurs turcs ne sont pas sourds aux différences de l’A1 français.
À propos de quelques exceptions aux règles de la liaison et de l’élision
Authors: Abouda Lotfi , Dugua Céline , Enguehard Guillaume
Published: September 2020

La liaison et l’élision en français sont deux phénomènes phonologiques largement décrits en phonologie, et, plus largement, par les grammairiens, les sociolinguistes, les chercheurs en acquisition, etc. Ces phénomènes peuvent être traités simultanément puisque tous deux correspondent à une modification phonologique à la frontière entre deux mots en raison des propriétés des mots en question et de leur relation syntaxique. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de présenter quelques cas particuliers de non liaison ou de non élision connus pour certains, et peu ou pas abordés dans la littérature, pour d’autres. Citons par exemple l’absence possible d’élision devant les lettres (ex :le L majuscule) ou devant les chiffres (ex :un onze de France), devant certaines couleurs (ex :le ’orange de ta veste), devant des noms propres (ex :le Onfray d’aujourd’hui), et devant des sigles (le FMI). La phonologie ne traite pas ces derniers cas. En faisant appel à des traitements sémantico-syntaxiques, nous proposons que la présence d’une position syntaxique vide entre les deux mots (la [couleur] orange de ta veste) bloque la réalisation de la liaison ou de l’élision. L’absence de la liaison ou de l’élision au lieu d’être vue comme une exception inexplicable à un phénomène attendu, ne serait que la manifestation en phonologie d’une barrière syntaxique séparant des éléments linéairement contigus. Cette hypothèse largement illustrée dans l’article permet de faire se rejoindre phonologie et syntaxe.
La liaison variable chez les locuteurs français septentrionaux et méridionaux
Authors: Josephs Julia Steele , Ranson Diana L.
Published: September 2020

Le but de la présente étude est de décrire le statut de la liaison en français moderne en fonction des caractéristiques des locuteurs, surtout leur lieu d’origine, et des facteurs linguistiques. Une analyse de 2.498 sites de liaison produits par 40 locuteurs du projet Phonologie du français contemporain et du Corpus Montpellier-Rognes montre que les locuteurs âgés du sud affichent un taux de liaison plus élevé que celui des jeunes locuteurs du sud et de tous les locuteurs du nord. Le sexe des locuteurs, cependant, n’a pas d’effet significatif sur les résultats et la différence selon la région est significative seulement chez les locuteurs âgés. Les résultats selon la classe grammaticale du mot liaisonnant montrent que certaines liaisons, comme aprèstrèsanddans, se font presque toujours, tandis que d’autres restent variables, comme aprèsquandet les formes du verbe être. D’autres liaisons ne se font que rarement, comme après les noms pluriels,pasetjamais, et d’autres formes verbales. En ce qui concerne la consonne de liaison, /t/ se trouve plus souvent dans les liaisons qui restent variables et /z/ dans les liaisons fréquentes et rares.
Liaison et conscience phonologique en Côte d’Ivoire : analyse des réponses épi- et métaphonologiques face à un test d’acceptabilité administré aux adultes abidjanais
Authors: De Faviis Giulia
Published: September 2020

Par le biais d’un test d’acceptabilité phonologique on se propose d’étudier la perception subjective explicite qu’une population de 22 étudiants universitaires ivoiriens déclare avoir au sujet de la liaison, un phénomène complexe qui dépend de la combinaison de différents facteurs linguistiques et extralinguistiques. Dans un premier temps, on a demandé aux informateurs de détecter des incongruités lors de l’écoute d’un texte lu qui présentait des liaisons déviantes: cette tâche visait la sollicitation des réactions épiphonologiques; dans un deuxième temps, on leur a demandé de juger de l’acceptabilité des incongruités repérées et d’argumenter leurs réponses: cette tâche visait la sollicitation des réactions métaphonologiques. L’observation du corpus abidjanais et sa comparaison avec une enquête parisienne analogue (Celata, De Flaviis et Floquet, à paraître), vont nous permettre : de vérifier si les réactions épiphonologiques des locuteurs ivoiriens correspondent à la tripartition en liaisons catégoriques, variables et interdites telle que la montre le corpus PFC et d’observer s’il y a un effet de population ; de décrire la diversité des motivations sous-jacentes aux pratiques langagières du phénomène en Côte d’Ivoire; de considérer les appréciations naïves comme un outil informatif à intégrer aux connaissances actuelles sur la liaison découlant de la phonologie de corpus.
Classification des entités nommées dans l’Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences des arts et des métiers par une société de gens de lettres (1751-1772)
Authors: Vigier Denis , Moncla Ludovic , Brenon Alice , McDonough Katherine , Joliveau Thierry
Published: September 2020

Nous présentons la méthode que nous avons suivie pour améliorer notre annotation automatique des entités nommées dans l’Encyclopédie de Diderot et d’Alembert. L’outil d’annotation sémantique PERDIDO que nous utilisons a été initialement développé pour l’annotation d’informations géographiques et la reconstruction d’itinéraire. Nous proposons d’y implémenter de nouvelles règles élaborées manuellement à partir d’une étude des cotextes co-occurrentiels des noms propres du corpus accomplie au moyen d’une plateforme automatique d’exploration et de calcul.
Commentaires sportifs en direct et présent psychologique
Authors: Krazem Mustapha
Published: September 2020

mon but est de réfléchir à la façon dont les commentaires sportifs en direct construisent leur système temporel : présent de l’indicatif, interjections, phrases averbale, futur etc. J’insisterai sur les différences que fait Wilmet sur trois présents : présent physique, présent psychologique et présent linguistique. Le présent psychologique est l’élément important pour appréhender la temporalité des commentaires sportifs. Les exemples proviennent d’enregistrements en direct télé ou radio, effectués à l’occasion de championnats de football et des jeux olympiques de Pékin, Londres et Rio.
Le registre comme continuum. L’interaction entre proximité de l’échange et hiérarchie d’accessibilité
Authors: Larrivée Pierre
Published: September 2020

Les registres ont été envisagés comme des entités discrètes, en particulier dans les approches qui voient le vernaculaire comme obéissant à des règles distinctes du français normé (Massot et Rowlett 2013). C’est au débat concernant la relation discrète ou continue entre les registres que contribue ce travail. Il propose de nouvelles données quant à l’impact du registre d’un échange sur le comportement des marqueurs de fonctions syntaxiques. En effet, dans certaines configurations comme les subordonnées relatives, les marqueurs de différentes fonctions (qui, que, où) suivent une hiérarchie d’accessibilité au sens de Keenan et Comrie (1977) : le relatif sujet est par exemple le plus fréquent de tous les relatifs utilisés. Cependant, selon des travaux récents, tout en restant dominante, la prépondérance relative du marqueur sujet diminue à mesure qu’augmente le degré de proximité de l’échange. Cette corrélation originale entre poids des marqueurs par fonction et degré de proximité des échanges (au sens de Koch et Oesterreicher 2001) est testée pour les pronoms clitiques. Les données dégagées confirment qu’un échange de proximité entraîne un écart moins important entre les marqueurs des fonctions. La conséquence en est que les registres constituent une réalité non pas discrète, mais continue.
Syntaxe en interaction et variation diaphasique : l’exemple des dislocations dans ESLO2
Authors: Raickovic Luka , Skrovec Marie
Published: September 2020

La dislocation en tant que dispositif syntaxique se caractérise par la présence d’un syntagme à la périphérie d’une structure phrastique, au sein de laquelle celui-ci conserve généralement une trace sous une forme pronominale. Cette construction, qui connaît de nombreuses variantes, a été décrite aussi bien à l’écrit qu’à l’oral, et tout en étant globalement peu fréquente, est souvent considérée comme caractéristique de l’oral. L’oral ne formant pas un ensemble homogène, la présente étude se propose d’examiner ce phénomène dans un corpus oral échantillonné issu des Enquêtes Sociolinguistiques à Orléans (ESLO). A partir d’un relevé systématique et d’une annotation manuelle de leurs propriétés syntaxiques et pragmatiques, nous cherchons à estimer la distribution des dislocations au sein d’une sélection de contextes interactionnels différents, illustrant les pratiques orales des plus formelles aux plus spontanées, afin de mettre en évidence un effet du contexte interactionnel sur le mode de structuration des énoncés à l’oral. Par ailleurs, notre travail offre des pistes pour l’analyse de l’emploi du format disloqué dans la réalisation des tâches interactionnelles spécifiques comme la préclôture topicale ou les séquences narratives.
Unités syntaxiques et unités intonatives majeures en français parlé : inclusion, fragmentation, chevauchement
Authors: Lacheret-Dujour Anne , Kahane Sylvain
Published: September 2020

Cet article, consacré à l'interface intonosyntaxique en français parlé, explore les relations entre les unités prosodiques et syntaxiques majeures, respectivement appeléespériodes intonativesetunités illocutoiresdans le modèle utilisé. Il présente différents types d'appariement entre les périodes intonatives et les unités illocutoires, et traite de trois constructions de base : l’alignement, lorsque les frontières prosodiques et syntaxiques coïncident ; l’inclusion, quand une période intonative regroupe plusieurs unités illocutoires ; et la fragmentation, lorsqu'une unité illocutoire est segmentée en plusieurs périodes intonatives. Est également étudié un cas singulier de désynchronisation, où ni les frontières prosodiques ni les frontières syntaxiques ne coïncident. Ces différentes constructions sont discutées à la lumière des contraintes communicationnelles et discursives.
Aspect grammatical et temps interne
Authors: Bres Jacques
Published: September 2020

G. Guillaume définit l’aspect grammatical à partir de la notion de temps impliqué (1964[1933]) Nous lui empruntons cette notion, que nous renommons pour plus de lisibilité temps interne, et décrivons rapidement, à partir d’elle, le système aspectuel des temps verbaux de l’indicatif en français. Nous montrons dans un second temps que la notion de temps interne permet de rendre compte de façon consistante de la morpho-syntaxe du participe passé, ainsi que de l’emploi narratif du passé composé.
Eigenbluttherapien und Hyaluronsäure – Injektionsbehandlungen in der Sportmedizin
Authors: Schemmann Dirk
Published: September 2020

Infiltrationen sind in der Sportmedizin weit verbreitet. Neben den bewährten Kortikoiden werden zunehmend neuere Präparate wie Hyaluronsäure, Platelet-Rich Plasma und autologes konditioniertes Plasma eingesetzt. In der Laienpresse wird vor allem bei Hochleistungsportlern über diese Therapien mit dramatischen Heilerfolgen berichtet. Eine Übersicht über die einzelnen Verfahren hilft in der Einordnung und realistischen Einschätzung der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser neuen Therapien.
Gewichtsänderung als unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkung
Authors: Engeli Stefan , May Marcus
Published: September 2020

Ziel Gewichtsänderungen als ungewollte Folge der Arzneimitteltherapie sind nicht ungewöhnlich, werden aber oft übersehen oder ignoriert oder – mangels therapeutischer Alternativen – in Kauf genommen.

Methodik Selektive Literatursuche.

Ergebnisse Zu den wichtigsten Arzneimitteln, die zu ungewolltem Gewichtsverlust führen, gehören Bupropion, Fluoxetin, Topiramat, Zonisamid und die Antidementiva Donepezil, Rivastigmin und Galantamin. Zu den wichtigsten Arzneimitteln, die zu ungewollter Gewichtszunahme führen, gehören verschiedene Neuroleptika und Antidepressiva, außerdem Insuline, Sulfonylharnstoffe und manche Immunsuppressiva.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Beurteilung ungewollter Gewichtsänderungen durch Arzneimittel hängt von einer Vielzahl von Faktoren ab, die in Studien oft nicht berichtet und erst recht nicht kontrolliert werden. Dies bedingt eine insgesamt schlechte Evidenzlage. Der Umgang mit unerwünschten Gewichtsänderungen durch Arzneimittel erfordert umfassende klinische und therapeutische Kenntnisse, um prophylaktisch agieren oder eine sinnvolle Therapieumstellung vornehmen zu können.
Associations of Thyroid Hormones and Resting Heart Rate in Patients
Referred to Coronary Angiography
Authors: Steinberger Eva , Pilz Stefan , Trummer Christian , Theiler-Schwetz Verena , Reichhartinger Markus , Benninger Thomas , Pandis Marlene , Malle Oliver , Keppel Martin H. , Verheyen Nicolas , Grübler Martin R. , Voelkl Jakob , Meinitzer Andreas , März Winfried
Published: September 2020

Resting heart rate (RHR) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality. Thyroid hormones exert several effects on the
cardiovascular system, but the relation between thyroid function and RHR remains
to be further established. We evaluated whether measures of thyroid hormone
status are associated with RHR in patients referred to coronary angiography.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin
(FT4), and RHR were determined in 2795 participants of the Ludwigshafen Risk and
Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study. Median (25th to 75th percentile) serum
concentrations were 1.25 (0.76–1.92) mU/l for TSH, 4.8
(4.2–5.3) pmol/l for FT3 and 17.1
(15.4-19.0) pmol/l for FT4, and mean (±standard
deviation) RHR was 68.8 (±11.7) beats/min. Comparing the highest
versus the lowest quartile, RHR (beats/min) was significantly higher in
the fourth FT4 quartile [3.48, 95% confidence interval (CI):
2.23–4.73; p <0.001] and in the fourth FT3 quartile (2.30,
95% CI: 1.06–3.55; p <0.001), but there was no
significant difference for TSH quartiles. In multiple linear regression analyses
adjusting for various potential confounders, FT3 and FT4 were significant
predictors of RHR (p <0.001 for both). In subgroups restricted to TSH,
FT3, and FT4 values within the reference range, both FT3 and FT4 remained
significant predictors of RHR (p <0.001 for all). In conclusion, in
patients referred to coronary angiography, FT3 and FT4 but not TSH were
positively associated with RHR. The relationship between free thyroid hormones
and RHR warrants further investigations regarding its diagnostic and therapeutic
implications.
Anorectal Physiology Testing for Prolapse—What Tests are Necessary?
Authors: Kwakye Gifty , Maguire Lillias Holmes
Published: September 2020

Rectal prolapse frequently occurs in conjunction with functional and anatomic abnormalities of the bowel and pelvic floor. Prolapse surgery should have as its goal not only to correct the prolapse, but also to improve function to the greatest extent possible. Careful history-taking and physical exam continue to be the surgeon's best tools to put rectal prolapse in its functional context. Physiologic testing augments this and informs surgical decision-making. Defecography can identify concomitant middle compartment prolapse and pelvic floor hernias, potentially targeting patients for urogynecologic consultation or combined repair. Other tests, including manometry, ultrasound, and electrophysiologic testing, may be of utility in select cases. Here, we provide an overview of available testing options and their individual utility in rectal prolapse.
A Collaborative Approach to Multicompartment Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Gurland Brooke , Mishra Kavita
Published: September 2020

Multicompartment pelvic organ prolapse is common yet frequently underreported and unrecognized. Although not life-threatening, the impact on quality of life and daily functioning can be significant. Multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment with specialists in colorectal and female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS) help to identify patients who will benefit from surgical treatment of vaginal and rectal prolapse. Both abdominal and perineal combined procedures can be offered to patients with a single operation and concurrent recovery period without increasing complications.
Direct or Collateral Liver Damage in SARS-CoV-2–Infected Patients
Authors: Lizardo-Thiebaud Maria J. , Cervantes-Alvarez Eduardo , Limon-de la Rosa Nathaly , Tejeda-Dominguez Farid , Palacios-Jimenez Mildred , Méndez-Guerrero Osvely , Delaye-Martinez Marco , Rodriguez-Alvarez Fatima , Romero-Morales Beatriz , Liu Wei-Hui , Huang Christene A. , Kershenobich David , Navarro-Alvarez Nalu
Published: September 2020

Liver injury can result from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with more than one-third of COVID-19 patients exhibiting elevated liver enzymes. Microvesicular steatosis, inflammation, vascular congestion, and thrombosis in the liver have been described in autopsy samples from COVID-19 patients. Several factors, including direct cytopathic effect of the virus, immune-mediated collateral damage, or an exacerbation of preexisting liver disease may contribute to liver pathology in COVID-19. Due to its immunological functions, the liver is an organ likely to participate in the viral response against SARS-CoV-2 and this may predispose it to injury. A better understanding of the mechanism contributing to liver injury is needed to develop and implement early measures to prevent serious liver damage in patients suffering from COVID-19. This review summarizes current reports of SARS-CoV-2 with an emphasis on how direct infection and subsequent severe inflammatory response may contribute to liver injury in patients with and without preexisting liver disease.
Superior Strategy in Benign Tracheal Stenosis Treatment: Surgery or Endoscopy?
Authors: Aydogmus Umit , Kis Argun , Ugurlu Erhan , Ozturk Gokhan
Published: September 2020

Introduction Due to the variations in (laryngeal) tracheal stenosis (TS) patient groups, there is still no consensus on which patient should be treated with endoscopy or surgery. The aim of the present study was to generate an algorithm in the light of the related literature and the data obtained from a clinic where both endoscopic and surgical treatments are conducted.

Method A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of a total of 56 patients during 2013 to 2019. A total of 38 patients were subject to surgery with 31 as a first treatment option and 7 due to the unsatisfactory results of endoscopic treatments. Endoscopic approaches were tried on a total of 29 patients with 25 as initial treatment and 4 due to postsurgical recurrence.

Results Symptomatic full control ratio was determined as 69% with endoscopic treatments, 89.5% in subglottic stenosis (SGS) surgery (n = 19), and 89.5% in trachea surgery (n = 19). However, success rates with no recurrence were determined, respectively, as 40.0, 36.4, and 36.4% for patients subject to dilatation, stent, or T tube treatment. Dilatation was observed to be successful in patients with stenotic segment lengths of less than 1.5 cm (p = 0.02). Failure rates increased in SGS (p = 0.03) and TS (p = 0.12) in the surgical group with increasing stenotic segment length. The presence of comorbidities was not effective on treatment success.

Conclusion Endoscopic methods are preferred in cases of web-like stenosis. Surgical methods should first be considered for other patients and endoscopic methods should be used on patients who are not suited for surgery or in cases of postsurgical recurrence.
Mannitol Is Associated with Less Postoperative Delirium after Aortic Valve Surgery in Patients Treated with Bretschneider Cardioplegia
Authors: Hamiko Marwan , Charitos Efstratios I. , Velten Markus , Hilbert Tobias , Putensen Christian , Treede Hendrik , Duerr Georg Daniel
Published: September 2020

Background Heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC) often leads to postoperative delirium (POD). This is associated with increased morbidity resulting in longer hospital stay and associated costs. The purpose of our study was to analyze the effect of intraoperative mannitol application on POD in patients undergoing elective aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Materials and Methods In our retrospective single-center study, 259 patients underwent elective AVR, using Bretschneider cardioplegic solution for cardiac arrest, between 2014 and 2017. Patients were divided in mannitol (n = 188) and nonmannitol (n = 71) groups. POD was assessed using the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (ICU). Statistical significance was assumed at p < 0.05.

Results Baseline patient characteristics did not differ between the groups. Incidence of POD was significantly higher in the nonmannitol group (33.8 vs. 13.8%; p = 0.001). These patients required longer ventilation time (24.1 vs. 17.1 hours; p = 0.021), higher reintubation rate (11.3 vs. 2.7%; p = 0.009), ICU readmission (12.7 vs. 4.8%; p = 0.026), prolonged ICU (112 vs. 70 hours; p = 0.040), and hospital stay (17.8 vs. 12.6 days; p < 0.001), leading to higher expenses (19,349 € vs. 16,606 €, p < 0.001). A 30-day mortality was not affected, but nonmannitol group showed higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score (32.2 vs. 28.7; p < 0.001). Mannitol substitution was independently associated with lower incidence of POD (odds ratio: 0.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.18–0.89; p = 0.02).

Conclusion Treatment with mannitol during ECC was associated with decreased incidence of POD. This was accompanied by shorter ventilation time, ICU and hospital stay, and lower treatment expenses.
A Diagnosed Case of COVID-19 Treated with Homoeopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Kovilacar Rajesh , Misra Pankhuri
Published: September 2020

Introduction The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as public health emergency of international concern. India is also facing this crisis with increasing number of patients being reported day by day. Here, we present a case report of COVID-19-positive patient treated with homoeopathy.

Case Profile A 60-year-old female patient with fever for 4 days, cough and difficulty in breathing, headache, sore throat, loose stools and frequent urination with burning and generalised weakness for 7 days was considered for treatment in the present study. Based on the symptomatology, Arsenicum album 30 and Bryonia alba 30 were prescribed to her.

Conclusion A patient of COVID-19 was successfully treated by homoeopathic medicines based on symptom similarity. Individualised homoeopathic intervention with precautionary measures can be an answer to the ongoing crisis.
Johanson–Blizzard's Syndrome with a Novel UBR1 Mutation
Authors: Demir Damla , Kendir Demirkol Yasemin , Gerenli Nelgin , Aktaş Karabay Ezgi
Published: September 2020

Johanson–Blizzard syndrome (JBS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, a distinct abnormal facial appearance and varying degrees of growth retardation. Ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 1 (UBR1) gene mutations are responsible for the syndrome. Here, we describe a 2-month-old female infant, who presented with oily diarrhea, facial dysmorphia, scalp defect, hearing defects, and growth impairment. Molecular genetic testing revealed a novel frameshift mutation in UBR1, c.4027_4028 del (p.Leu1343Valfs*7), which was not previously described in JBS in the literature.
Biotin–Thiamine Responsive Basal Ganglia Disease Presented as Intractable Seizure in a 1-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Verlani Jaya , Agarwal Sheetal , Singh Dhirendra P. , Nandan Devki , Singh Ruby
Published: September 2020

Biotin–thiamine responsive basal ganglia disease is a neurometabolic disorder, seen in children presenting with encephalopathy, seizures, and positive family history. The disease is diagnosed based on typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and whole exome sequencing but may be initially misdiagnosed as a mitochondrial encephalopathy or an inborn error of metabolism (IEM). We describe the case of an infant who presented with uncontrolled seizures and encephalopathy, responding to high doses of thiamine and biotin. Life-long supplementation of biotin (2–10 mg/kg/day) and thiamine (200–300 mg/day) improves the symptomatology and prevents relapse. Outcomes of the disease are heterogeneous, ranging in scope from complete remission to severe neurological sequelae.
Periodic self-injection of electrons in a few-cycle laser driven oscillating plasma wake
Authors: Xu Sa , Zhang Jie , Tang Ning , Wang Sicong , Lu Wei , Li Zhengyan
Published: September 2020

Millijoule-energy few-cycle laser pulses excite the plasma wakefield and accelerate electrons at kilohertz repetition rate, generating mega-electron volt (MeV) electron bunches with femtosecond temporal duration for ultrafast electron diffraction applications. By simulating few-cycle laser pulses interacting with the underdense nitrogen plasma, we have studied the mechanism of periodic electron self-injection, which manifests the laser carrier envelop phase (CEP) effect in few-cycle laser wakefield acceleration. A few-cycle laser pulse experiencing a significant wavelength redshift induces the transverse oscillation of the plasma bubble at the same frequency as the laser CEP changes by 2π. The oscillation of the plasma bubble periodically injects free electrons into the bubble at a doubled frequency, broadening the electron energy spread.
Modeling gas–shell mixing in ICF with separated reactants
Authors: Mackay K. K. , Pino J. E.
Published: September 2020

Mixing between fuel and shell materials in ICF implosions can affect implosion dynamics and even prevent ignition. We use data from a series of separated reactant experiments on the National Ignition Facility to calibrate and test the predictive power of gas–shell mix models. Two models are used to estimate fuel–shell mix: a Reynolds-averaged turbulence model and molecular diffusion. Minor uncertainties in capsule manufacture, experimental conditions, and values for mix model parameters produce significant variation in simulation results. Using input/output pairs from 1D simulations, we train Gaussian process surrogate models to predict experimental quantities of interest. The surrogates are used to construct posteriors for mix model parameters by marginalizing over uncertainties in capsule manufacture and experimental conditions. Mix models are calibrated with a subset of experimental data (neutron yields, ion temperature, and bang time) and tested using the remaining data. In general, both the diffusion and turbulence model correctly predict experimental DT and TT neutron yields. Despite having more free parameters, the turbulence model underpredicts ion temperature at high convergence ratio. The simpler diffusion model correctly predicts these temperatures, suggesting nonhydrodynamic gas–shell mix. The computational model consistently overpredicts DD neutron yield, indicating possible shortcomings outside of the mix model.
Freely decaying turbulence in a finite domain at finite Reynolds number
Authors: Anas Mohammad , Joshi Pranav , Verma Mahendra K.
Published: September 2020

We perform direct numerical simulations to study the effects of the finite Reynolds number and domain size on the decay law of Saffman turbulence. We observe that the invariant for Saffman turbulence, u2ℓ3, and non-dimensional dissipation coefficient, Cϵ = ϵ/(u3/ℓ), are sensitive to finite domain size; here, u is the rms velocity, ℓ is the integral length scale, and ϵ is the energy dissipation rate. Consequently, the exponent n in the decay law u2 ∼ t−n for Saffman turbulence deviates from 6/5. Due to the finite Reynolds number and the domain size, Saffman turbulence decays at a faster rate (i.e., n > 6/5). However, the exponent n = 6/5 is more sensitive to the domain size than to the Reynolds number. From the simulations, we find that n remains close to 6/5 as long as Rλ ≳ 10 and ℓ ≲ 0.3Lbox; here, Rλ is the Reynolds number based on the Taylor microscale and Lbox is the domain size. We also notice that n becomes slightly lower than 6/5 for a part of the decay period. Interestingly, this trend n < 6/5 is also observed earlier in freely decaying grid-generated turbulence.
Single-shot terahertz spectrometer using a microbolometer camera
Authors: Jang Dogeun , Jin Hanran , Kim Ki-Yong
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a single-shot terahertz spectrometer consisting of a modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer and a microbolometer focal plane array. The spectrometer is simple to use and can measure terahertz field autocorrelations and spectral power with no moving parts and no ultrashort-pulsed laser. It can effectively detect radiation at 10–40 THz when tested with a thermal source. It can also be used to measure the complex refractive index of a sample material. In principle, it can characterize both laser-based and non-laser-based terahertz sources and potentially cover 1–10 THz with specially designed terahertz microbolometers.
Numerical modeling for terahertz testing of non-metallic pipes
Authors: Farhat M. , Amer A. M. , Cunningham V. B. , Salama K. N.
Published: September 2020

In the oil and gas industry, safety and operational efficiency at production sites are of paramount importance. A reliable non-destructive testing technology for non-metallic pipes has a high potential financial impact, since it may facilitate the replacement of metallic pipes with non-metallic ones. This article features a perspective and future trends in the field of terahertz sensing technology. Importantly, several numerical simulations that illustrate many exciting potential applications for this emerging technology are described. These range from underground detection of spilt liquids and the content of pipes to the detection of cracks in plastic pipes using both frequency-domain and time-domain finite-element simulations.
A theoretical study on three long-range interactions between two nanoparticles under the humid condition
Authors: Hua Anping , Zhu Junhao , Ma Ji , Zhao Junhua
Published: September 2020

At the micro/nanoscale under the humid condition, the competition among three long-range interactions of the electrostatic, cohesive, and capillary forces dominates the adhesive behavior between two nanoparticles. In this study, explicit solutions of the interfacial adhesive energy between two nanoparticles are obtained through continuum modeling by considering the three long-range interactions between them, where the Coulomb theorem, the Lennard–Jones potential, and the Young–Laplace equation are taken into consideration. The present theoretical results show that the interfacial adhesive forces strongly depend on the three interactions, where the cohesive force and capillary force play more important roles in the competition for a smaller distance h between two nanoparticles, while the electrostatic force dominates the interactions for a larger distance h. Checking against present molecular dynamics simulations shows that the present continuum solution has high accuracy. This study should be of great help for deeply understanding the aggregation and separation of nanoparticles under the humid condition.
Ab initio polaritonic potential-energy surfaces for excited-state nanophotonics and polaritonic chemistry
Authors: Flick Johannes , Narang Prineha
Published: September 2020

Advances in nanophotonics, quantum optics, and low-dimensional materials have enabled precise control of light–matter interactions down to the nanoscale. Combining concepts from each of these fields, there is now an opportunity to create and manipulate photonic matter via strong coupling of molecules to the electromagnetic field. Toward this goal, here we demonstrate a first principles framework to calculate polaritonic excited-state potential-energy surfaces, transition dipole moments, and transition densities for strongly coupled light–matter systems. In particular, we demonstrate the applicability of our methodology by calculating the polaritonic excited-state manifold of a formaldehyde molecule strongly coupled to an optical cavity. This proof-of-concept calculation shows how strong coupling can be exploited to alter photochemical reaction pathways by influencing avoided crossings with tuning of the cavity frequency and coupling strength. Therefore, by introducing an ab initio method to calculate excited-state potential-energy surfaces, our work opens a new avenue for the field of polaritonic chemistry.
In situ high-pressure x-ray diffraction of the two polymorphs of Sc2Ge2O7
Authors: Li Hui , Ma Shuailing , Yu Zhuo , Zhu Hongyu , Li Nana
Published: September 2020

Pyrochlore-type (P-type) and thortveitite-type (T-type) Sc2Ge2O7 were prepared through different methods. The phase stability and compressibility of the two polymorphs of Sc2Ge2O7 were studied using in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction. An irreversible phase transition of monoclinic (C2/m) T-type Sc2Ge2O7 induced by a pressure of 4.8 GPa was observed. However, the cubic (Fd-3m) P-type Sc2Ge2O7 can resist a much higher pressure of up to 30.6 GPa.
The central role of entropy in adiabatic ensembles and its application to phase transitions in the grand-isobaric adiabatic ensemble
Authors: Desgranges Caroline , Delhommelle Jerome
Published: September 2020

Entropy has become increasingly central to characterize, understand, and even guide assembly, self-organization, and phase transition processes. In this work, we build on the analogous role of partition functions (or free energies) in isothermal ensembles and that of entropy in adiabatic ensembles. In particular, we show that the grand-isobaric adiabatic (μ, P, R) ensemble, or Ray ensemble, provides a direct route to determine the entropy. This allows us to follow the variations of entropy with the thermodynamic conditions and thus explore phase transitions. We test this approach by carrying out Monte Carlo simulations on argon and copper in bulk phases and at phase boundaries. We assess the reliability and accuracy of the method through comparisons with the results from flat-histogram simulations in isothermal ensembles and with the experimental data. Advantages of the approach are multifold and include the direct determination of the μ–P relation, without any evaluation of pressure via the virial expression, the precise control of the system size (number of atoms) via the input value of R, and the straightforward computation of enthalpy differences for isentropic processes, which are key quantities to determine the efficiency of thermodynamic cycles. A new insight brought by these simulations is the highly symmetric pattern exhibited by both systems along the transition, as shown by scaled temperature–entropy and pressure–entropy plots.
Electrodeposition of lanthanides from ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Rudnev Alexander V.
Published: September 2020

Lanthanides belong to the most important raw materials and are highly demanded in high-tech industry. Low-temperature electrochemical deposition of lanthanides and lanthanide-based alloys for recycling and obtaining functional materials can provide a real alternative to the currently used high-temperature electrolysis of molten salts. The review summarizes the advancements in the field of electrodeposition of lanthanides from organic ionic systems, such as ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. The growing interest in these ionic systems is due to their excellent physicochemical properties, in particular non-volatility, thermal and electrochemical stability. The review also discusses further prospects and potential of the electrochemical approach for obtaining lanthanide-containing advanced materials.

The bibliography includes 219 references.
Australian osteopaths as non-medical prescribers: comparison of healthcare practitioner characteristics from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Vaughan Brett , Fleischmann Michael , Fitzgerald Kylie , Grace Sandra , Orrock Paul , Steel Amie
Published: September 2020

The study aimed to compare the characteristics of Australian osteopaths who definitely agree that prescribing scheduled medicines is part of their future scope of practice with those who do not. A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of osteopaths from an Australian practice-based research network was undertaken. Demographic, practice and treatment characteristics were identified using inferential statistics and backward linear regression modelling. Over one-quarter (n=257, 25.9%) of the total participants (n=992) indicated that they ‘definitely’ agree that osteopaths should seek prescription rights. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) suggested these osteopaths were more likely to engage in medication discussions with patients (OR 1.88), frequently manage migraines (OR 1.68) and seek increased practice rights for referrals to medical specialists (OR 2.61) and diagnostic imaging (OR 2.79). Prescribing as part of the future scope of practice for Australian osteopaths is associated with patient management (medication discussions) and practice characteristics (increased referral rights for specialists and diagnostic imaging) that warrant additional investigation. Understanding of the practice, clinical and patient management characteristics of Australian osteopaths who see prescribing as part of the future scope of practice informs the case for regulatory and health policy changes for prescribing scheduled medicines.
Evolution of the Kondo lattice electronic structure above the transport coherence temperature
Authors: Jang Sooyoung , Denlinger J. D. , Allen J. W. , Zapf V. S. , Maple M. B. , Kim Jae Nyeong , Jang Bo Gyu , Shim Ji Hoon
Published: September 2020

Significance

The temperature (

T

)-dependent evolution of the Kondo lattice electronic structure is a long-standing topic of theoretical and experimental investigation, still lacking a truly microscopic theory that agrees with a full experimental characterization. Here multiple characteristic

T

scales of the interaction of localized

f

moments with conduction electrons in the Kondo lattice CeCo

I
n

5

are identified and investigated using angle-resolved photoemission measurements that substantiate dynamical mean-field theory which newly includes the full realism of crystalline electric-field (CEF)

f

splittings. Thereby errors in the itinerant versus localized

f

-state classification from standard density functional theory are corrected, microscopic insight into the broad

T

-range crossover of

f

-hybridization effects is gained, and a prediction of CEF degeneracy crossover below the lattice coherence

T

is made.
Polar amplification of Pliocene climate by elevated trace gas radiative forcing
Authors: Hopcroft Peter O. , Ramstein Gilles , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Hunter Stephen J. , Murguia-Flores Fabiola , Quiquet Aurélien , Sun Yong , Tan Ning , Valdes Paul J.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Warm periods in Earth’s history provide the only empirical evidence of how the climate system responds to raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. The Middle Pliocene, 3.3 to 3.0 My B.P., was the last time when CO2levels were as high as today. However, climate model simulations of the Pliocene underestimate the warming that has been reconstructed from geological archives. Using a numerical model of the global methane cycle we show that the inclusion of enhanced concentrations of non-CO2trace gases could have been responsible for an additional warming of 0.6 to 1.0 °C, with larger increases over northern land masses. These findings demonstrate the importance of trace gas climate forcing for both the Pliocene and potentially warm periods during much of Earth’s recent history.
The roles of SDHAF2 and dicarboxylate in covalent flavinylation of SDHA, the human complex II flavoprotein
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Maklashina Elena , Cecchini Gary , Iverson T. M.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Complex II is a membrane-spanning machine that supports respiration in all kingdoms. Complex II insufficiency can result from mutations in any of the genes encoding its subunits or from incorrect assembly. Here, we evaluate how a small molecule dicarboxylate works in synergy with the SDHAF2 assembly factor to promote covalent attachment of FAD to the SDHA subunit. We determine the structure of the human SDHA-SDHAF2 assembly intermediate with the dicarboxylate oxaloacetate and reveal how this pose contributes to complex II maturation. Our findings provide the structure of a part of human complex II and identify how SDHAF2 and the dicarboxylate organize the active site. Comparison to previous work reveals that multiple catalytic states change the active site parameters.
Local lockdowns outperform global lockdown on the far side of the COVID-19 epidemic curve
Authors: Karatayev Vadim A. , Anand Madhur , Bauch Chris T.
Published: September 2020

Significance

During the COVID-19 pandemic, decision makers are grappling with how to reopen (and possibly reclose) their jurisdictions as the number of cases ebbs and flows. Establishing a criterion for each county/municipality to open and close based on their case count has appeal, given the wide disparity in COVID-19 rates in urban versus rural settings. Our simulation model is based on the geography, epidemiology, and travel patterns of Ontario, Canada. It shows that the county-by-county approach causes fewer days of closure and impacts fewer people than a strategy that opens or closes the entire province together. This is true even if individuals begin traveling to reopened counties with higher frequency. The county-by-county strategy is most effective when the criteria are coordinated.
There Are No Mathematical Explanations
Authors: Kuorikoski Jaakko
Published: September 2020

If ontic dependence is the basis of explanation, there cannot be mathematical explanations. Accounting for the explanatory dependency between mathematical properties and empirical phenomena poses insurmountable metaphysical and epistemic difficulties, and the proposed amendments to the counterfactual theory of explanation invariably violate core commitments of the theory. Instead, mathematical explanations are either abstract mechanistic constitutive explanations or reconceptualizations of the explanandum phenomenon in which mathematics as such does not have an explanatory role. Explanation-like reasoning within mathematics, distinction between explanatory and nonexplanatory proofs, and comparative judgments of mathematical depth can be fully accounted for by a concept of formal understanding.
Why Simpler Computer Simulation Models Can Be Epistemically Better for Informing Decisions
Authors: Helgeson Casey , Srikrishnan Vivek , Keller Klaus , Tuana Nancy
Published: September 2020

For computer simulation models to usefully inform climate risk management, uncertainties in model projections must be explored and characterized. Because doing so requires running the model many times over, and because computing resources are finite, uncertainty assessment is more feasible using models that demand less computer processor time. Such models are generally simpler in the sense of being more idealized, or less realistic. So modelers face a trade-off between realism and uncertainty quantification. Seeing this trade-off for the important epistemic issue that it is requires a shift in perspective from the established simplicity literature in philosophy of science.
Quasi-probability distributions in loop quantum cosmology
Authors: Berra-Montiel Jasel , Molgado Alberto
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we introduce a complete family of parametrized quasi-probability distributions in phase space and their corresponding Weyl quantization maps with the aim to generalize the recently developed Wigner–Weyl formalism within the loop quantum cosmology (LQC) program. In particular, we intend to define those quasi-distributions for states valued on the Bohr compactification of the real line in such a way that they are labeled by a parameter that accounts for the ordering ambiguity corresponding to non-commutative quantum operators. Hence, we notice that the projections of the parametrized quasi-probability distributions result in marginal probability densities which are invariant under any ordering prescription. We also note that, in opposition to the standard Schrödinger representation, for an arbitrary character the quasi-distributions determine a positive function independently of the ordering. Further, by judiciously implementing a parametric-ordered Weyl quantization map for LQC, we are able to recover in a simple manner the relevant cases of the standard, anti-standard, and Weyl symmetric orderings, respectively. We expect that our results may serve to analyze several fundamental aspects within the LQC program, in special those related to coherence, squeezed states, and the convergence of operators, as extensively analyzed in the quantum optics and in the quantum information frameworks.
Energy distribution of interface states generated by oxygen plasma treatment for control of threshold voltage in pentacene thin-film transistors
Authors: Kimura Yoshinari , Hattori Yoshiaki , Kitamura Masatoshi
Published: September 2020

Pentacene metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with a SiO2 dielectric treated by oxygen plasma have been studied by capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements to investigate the energy distribution of the interface states. Oxygen plasma treatment, which is used for control of the threshold voltage in pentacene thin-film transistors, shifted the C-V curves of pentacene MOS capacitors to a positive gate voltage as well as the transfer curves of pentacene thin-film transistors (TFTs). The shift is explained by electrons captured at interface states generated by oxygen plasma treatment. The interface states capturing the electrons are expected to locate at low energy levels. The energy distribution of the interface states locating at middle or high energy levels was extracted by a method equivalent to the Terman method. By use of the method in two steps, the interface state densities distributed at middle and high energy levels (D
M and D
H) were separately obtained. D
M and D
H were of the order of 1010–1012 cm−2 eV−1, and increased with an increase in plasma treatment time.