bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Novel Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane from Natural Rubber and its Properties Testing
Authors: Sukhawipat Nathapong , Saetung Nitinart , Saetung Anuwat
Published: August 2016

The novel natural rubber based cationic waterborne polyurethanes (cWPUs) with having quaternary amine as an emulsifier were successfully synthesized by additional polymerization. These polyurethanes were synthesized by the reaction of hydroxyl the method of telechelic natural rubber. Molecular weight approximately of hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber (HTNR) for 3000 g.mole-1, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), and N-methyl diethanol amine (NMDEA) (used as an emulsifier) were prepared for cWPU. The concentrations of NMDEA were examined in range of 0 – 2.0 moles. From the results under the isocyanate index of 100, the study revealed that cWPU with well-distributing had to consist of emulsion concentration more than 1.50 moles. Zetasizer nanorange was used to identify the prepared cWPU particle size distribution. The results showed that the particle size of cWPU was decreased from 86.6 to 78 nm with increasing of NMDEA concentration. The smallest particle size was 2 moles with non-acetic acid odor, and very soft film. In addition, cWPU would be well-dispersed more than 4 months. The 1H NMR spectroscopy and FT-IR confirmed that the cWPU has been successfully synthesized from natural rubber.
Effect of Mn-Content on the Deformation Behavior of Binary Ti-Mn Alloys
Authors: Gouda Mohamed Kamal , Nakamura Koichi , Gepreel Mohamed Abdel Hady
Published: August 2016

The effect of Mn-content on the deformation of Ti-Mn low cost alloy system was investigated. A set of alloys ranging in composition from 8 to 20 %wt Mn were produced. The alloys were subjected to solution heat treatment at 900 °C. Existed phases were evaluated through XRD and microstructure observation. The cold workability and the change in micro-hardness were studied. The results showed that β-phase is predominant in all alloys under study. Lower Mn-content alloys had poor cold workability, but higher Mn-content showed a drastic improvement reaches to around 95% cold working until certain composition then dropped. Change in micro-hardness with the Mn-content is hardly observed. On the other, the strain hardening effect generated from cold working enhances the micro-hardness significantly.
Effect of Shielding Gas Mixture on Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) of Low Carbon Steel (LR Grade A)
Authors: Purwaningrum Yustiasih , Triyono Triyono , Wirawan Pu M. , Alfarizi Fandi
Published: August 2016

The aimed of this research is to determine the feasibility and effect of the mixture of the shielding gas in the physical and mechanical properties. Low carbon steel LR grade A in a thickness 12 mm were joined in butt joint types using GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) with groove’s gap 5 mm and groove angle’s 400 with variation of shielding gas composition. The composition of shielding gas that used were 100% Ar, 100 % CO2 and 50% Ar + 50 % CO2. The measured of mechanical properties with regard to strength, hardness and toughness using, tensile test, bending test, Vickers hardness Test, and Charpy impact test respectively. The physical properties examined with optical microscope. Results show that tensile strength of welding metals are higher than raw materials. Welds metal with mixing Ar + CO shielding gas has the highest tensile strength. Hardness of weld metals with the shielding gas 100% Ar, 100 % CO2 and 50% Ar + 50 % CO2 are 244.9; 209.4; and 209.4 VHN respectively. The temperature of Charpy test was varied to find the transition temperature of the materials. The temperature that used were –60°C, -40°C, -20°C, 0°C, 20°C , and room temperature. Weld metals with various shielding gas have similar trends of toughness flux that was corellated with the microstructure of weld .
Osteogenesis and Degradability of Bioresorbable Biphasic Gypsum-Carbonated Apatite Granules for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ibrahim Shirin , Abu Bakar Syazana , Ahmad Mohamad Azmirruddin , Johan Nurul Awanis , Hisham Siti Farhana , Jamuna-Thevi K.
Published: August 2016

Osteogenesis and degradability of bioresorbable biphasic gypsum-carbonated apatite granules (BPG) were investigated. Three different sizes of gypsum, 300-600 μm (small), 600-1000 μm (medium) and 1000-2000 μm (large), denoted as S, M and L respectively, were developed through the crushing and sieving method. Exposure of gypsum granules in carbonate and phosphate sources formed BPG through dissolution and precipitation mechanism. BPG was firstly examined by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) to confirm its phase and chemical composition respectively. In-vitro cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and adhesion of human osteoblast (hFOB) were investigated for osteogenesis evaluation. Degradability in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was characterized by weight loss whereas apatite mineralization on the BPG surface was examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). BPG with 300-600 μm and 600-1000 μm enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hFOB and accelerated differentiation process better than 1000-2000 μm as indicated by cell proliferation and ALP activity. Good hFOB adhesion was observed on all BPG surfaces. The weight loss of L and M was 68% and 59%, respectively, which are higher than S at only 32%, indicating faster degradation of large BPG compared to smaller granules upon immersion for 35 days. This in turn, suggested the ionic dissolution of BPG which has contributed to the apatite formation on its surface. The results suggest, the BPG mimicked the bone matrix, exhibited good osteogenesis and degradability, which might be used as a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering.
Optimal Method of Selection of Water Lubricated Rubber Bearing Materials
Authors: Chen Zhao , Li Yu Guang , Zhang She Sheng
Published: August 2016

Excellent material can improve the function of water lubricated stern bearing. According to the material properties and the theory of operational research, the mathematical model of the optimal selection material of water lubricated rubber bearing is established. The condition of selecting materials is discussed. The expression of the maximum value is obtained by using software. The influence of material properties on the objective function is discussed.
Reflections on Mechanisms Affecting the Behavior of FRP-Concrete-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns
Authors: Ozbakkaloglu Togay
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the results of 20 hollow and concrete-filled double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs), which were tested as part of a comprehensive experimental program that was undertaken at The University of Adelaide on FRP-concrete steel DSTCs. The paper is aimed at providing important insights into the influence of two key parameters, namely the diameter of inner steel tube and presence/absence of a concrete-filling inside the inner steel tube, which play major roles in the column behavior through their influences on a series of interacting mechanisms that govern the complex system behavior. A detailed examination of the results yielded a number of important insights into the mechanisms that influence the compressive behavior of DSTCs.
Optimization of Radiation Shielding Concrete for Radiotherapy Treatment Room at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Authors: Sarker Debojit , Biswas Arnab , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Mehedi Muhammad Mohsin
Published: August 2016

The objective of this study is to recommend optimized shield design from the shielding viewpoint for installation of the Cyclotron,Cyberknife and Linear Acceleration (LINAC) facility at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The shield design for Cyclotron, Cyberknife and LINAC has been performed considering ICRP-103 (2007) recommendations for occupational and public dose limits. The optimized design parameters for Radiation Shielding Concrete (RSC) with hardened density of 2.35 gm/cm3 are: 254 cm thickness of RSC as primary barrier for LINAC on both side of the source, 198 cm and 178 cm thickness of RSC on parking side and earthen side wall for Cyclotron, a maze wall of thickness 198 cm and 122 cmRSC for Cyclotron and LINAC, 168 cm and 152 cm thickness of RSC from opposite to the maze wall, slab thickness 152 cm excluding a false ceiling of thickness 122 cm with RSC having a functional story height of 503 cm for LINAC, 122 cm and 259 cm slab thickness of RSC for Cyberknife and Cyclotron. The use of RSC in the shield design of wall and roof shows that it limits radiation exposure of staff, patients, visitors and the public to acceptable level, thus optimizing radiation protection.
Experimental Research on Creep Laws of High-Water Material under Real Pressure Water Environment
Authors: Xie Hui , Chen Ying
Published: August 2016

High-water material is a kind of new inorganic nonmetal material which mainly used in coal mine goaf filling. In order to simulate the real stress conditions of this material in goaf filling, the creep tests of high-water material in real pressure water environment were conducted and the creep laws were also researched. The results showed that water environment was conductive to maintaining and developing the strength of high-water material, and pressure water environment can improve the carrying capacity and long-term strength of high-water material. The deformation of steady creep period decreased while water pressure increased. And strain increasing caused by axial compression was less than strain increasing caused by water pressure. The time needed from starting to steady creep period was longer when water pressure was bigger.
Application of Sand Casting to Recycle Aluminum Alloy for Motorcycle Brake Handle
Authors: Antara I Nyoman Gde , Made Karohika Gatot , Ketut Gunawan
Published: August 2016

The development of the automotive industry brings impact of increasing use of aluminum for vehicle components that will ultimately produce more aluminum waste. If it is not addressed properly, it will be a serious problem for the environment. One of the solutions is to recycle the waste of drum brake to be a raw material for motorcycle accessories brake handle. The process of making motorcycle brake handle using the sand casting method can be done by varying the temperatures of casting molten metal which are at temperatures of 650°C, 700°C and 750°C. Furthermore, the testing of the mechanical properties and microstructure of the resulted product is done. The result shows that motorcycle brake handle required high impact strength in which the highest impact strength was 0.011 Nm/mm2 that was obtained when temperature of casting was 700°C.
Precious Nickel Recovery from Palm Oil Mill Fuel Ash Waste (Ni-POMFAW) Using Acidic Leaching Extraction (ALE)
Authors: Said Nurdin , Ahmad Shahroom M. Shah , Malar V. Sivaguru , Syafiqah A. Khairuddin , Hajar Athirah M. Sukri , Aina A. Rahman
Published: August 2016

This paper demonstrates precious recovery of nickel from physical pre-treated raw palm oil mill fuel ash waste (POMFAW). The acidic leaching extraction (ALE) using sulphuric and hydrochloric acids agents were carried out in a bath stirrer flask. Process parameter effects of acid concentration, solution pH and treatment time were investigated in the nickel recuperation. The highest nickel recovery (96.83%) was found by treatment time of 1 h, pH of 2.5 and hydrochloric acid concentration of 2.0 M. At the acids leaching higher than 2 M, the nickel recovery decreased. Results from acids leaching imply that nickel complex can be formed at substantial percentages within the acid concentration higher than 1 M. The hydrochloric acid provides impressive nickel compared sulphuric acid, and the POMFAW can be proposed as a substitute of non-renewable sources derived nickel for a promising material and the used ALE can be considered as a beneficial technique.
Preparation and Properties of Solid Buoyancy Materials for Deep Sea with New Unsaturated Polyesters as Matrix
Authors: Li Hai Yan , Zhu Fang Fang , Chen Yi Yu
Published: August 2016

A solid buoyancy material (SBM) for deep sea was prepared with a new unsaturated polyester as the base resin, the hollow glass microspheres (HGM) as filler and some other additives. The new kind of unsaturated polyester resin (IPP-UP) was prepared with itaconic acid, isophthalic acid and propylene glycol as the raw materials, on the main chain of which the unsaturated double bonds exist as pendant groups. The hollow glass microspheres are purchased from 3M Company, USA, with the density of 0.42g/cm3 and compressive strength 55.2MPa. By adjust the amount of the hollow glass microspheres, samples of SBM for deep sea with different densities, water absorptions and compressive strengths were made. Studies have shown that, when the filling amount of HGM reaches 60% of the base resin system mass, the buoyant material exhibits excellent low density, low water absorption and high compressive strength which are 0.62g/cm3, 0.59% at 20°C for 24 hours and 67.5MPa.
The Scrutiny of the Insulation Breakdown Strength for the Nanocomposite Oxide Doped Epoxy Resin Insulator with Different Electrodes by Using Positive Impulse Voltage
Authors: Xayyavong Mingkhouan , Tonmitr Kittipong , Tonmitr Norrawit , Kaneko Eiji
Published: August 2016

This research presents the ratio of doping nanocomposite oxides in dielectric materials for increasing the efficiency strength and endurance voltage. Tests were conducted and analyzed the characteristics of epoxy nanozinc oxides. By using positive standard impulse voltage abilities of nanocomposite oxides were used as electrical insulators-epoxy resin doped with zinc oxides nanocomposite in ratios of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% by weight. And the design of electrodes embeds in the specimens with 4 types of electrode, as needle electrode, point electrode, spherical electrode and the partial spherical electrode. When adjusted the impulse voltage level of 75kV to the specimen immersed in transformer oil. The experiment aforementioned to investigate the ratios damages on insulator surfaces and the number of breakdowns. The microscopes with magnification levels of 20-800X were used to view the damages on insulator surfaces. Results, it was found that regarding specimens used for doping an epoxy resin with zinc oxides nanocomposite in a ratio of 5% had high withstand insulator with electrode types. The partial spherical electrode tested with positive impulse standard voltage has destructive distance lower damage than other electrode types.
Relationship between Tensile Modulus and Oxygen Uptake of Pro-Oxidant Loaded Low-Density Polyethylene Films during Heat Aging
Authors: Maalihan Reymark , Pajarito Bryan B.
Published: August 2016

Polyethylene (PE) films with pro-oxidants are commonly used in agricultural and packaging industries due to their inherent biodegradability when initially expose to heat and/or light in the presence of oxygen. The degradation of films is characterized by formation of oxidation products, weight changes and loss of mechanical properties. This study investigated the relationship between tensile modulus and oxygen uptake of low-density PE films with pro-oxidants under thermal treatment at 50 and 70 °C. Blown-type films of varying colorants, thickness and pro-oxidant loading were formulated according to Taguchi design of experiments. Tensile modulus and oxygen uptake of thermally aged films were obtained from force-stroke curves and gravimetric tests, respectively. Results revealed that two out of nine formulated films showed tensile modulus to be significantly increasing with oxygen uptake at 50 °C. Correlation was more evident at 70 °C where seven out of nine formulations followed the same trend. The improvement in tensile modulus with oxygen uptake indicates increase in crystallinity of films during thermal aging. Increase in hydroxyl index of films with exposure time confirmed their degradation during heat aging. Consequently, concentration of carboxylic acids as major thermo-oxidation products was found higher at 70 °C of aging.
Sorption and Degradation Behaviour of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Amine-Coated Polyester Triangular Bars in Acid Environment
Authors: Pajarito Bryan B. , Dang-Awan Danzen , Felipe Mikhael Anthony , Handa Kevin
Published: August 2016

Sorption and degradation characteristics of epoxy composites reinforced with amine-coated polyester triangular bars in acid environment were studied. The following aspects of amine-coated triangular bars were varied during preparation of epoxy composites: orientation (flat or pointed), alignment (parallel or staggered), spacing (1 or 5 mm), and size (5 or 7 mm). Composites were tested using a one-side acid exposure test in 5 wt% hydrochloric (HCl) acid solution at 40°C for 308 h. Weight change curves of composites with pointed orientation show continuous sorption of acid solution with square root of time, while composites with flat orientation display an initial increase in weight followed by continuous weight loss. This can be attributed to the large interfacial area of triangular bars exposed to diffusing acid in flat orientation. Since the bars are amine-coated, the acid preferentially diffuses in the interfacial region, resulting to early degradation of composite. The following parameters were measured from the weight curves for data analysis: initial sorption rate (% - h-0.5), maximum weight change during sorption (%), and weight loss due to degradation (%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows maximum weight change and weight loss due to degradation of epoxy composites are significantly affected by orientation and spacing.
Uptake of gaseous formaldehyde by soil surfaces: a combination of
adsorption/desorption equilibrium and chemical reactions
Authors: Li Guo , Su Hang , Li Xin , Kuhn Uwe , Meusel Hannah , Hoffmann Thorsten , Ammann Markus , Pöschl Ulrich , Shao Min , Cheng Yafang
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important precursor of OH radicals and a key intermediate molecule in the oxidation of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Budget analyses reveal large discrepancies between modeled and observed HCHO concentrations in the atmosphere. Here, we investigate the interactions of gaseous HCHO with soil surfaces through coated-wall flow tube experiments applying atmospherically relevant HCHO concentrations of  ∼  10 to 40 ppbv. For the determination of uptake coefficients (γ), we provide a Matlab code to account for the diffusion correction under laminar flow conditions. Under dry conditions (relative humidity  =  0 %), an initial γ of (1.1 ± 0.05)  ×  10−4 is determined, which gradually drops to (5.5 ± 0.4)  ×  10−5 after 8 h experiments. Experiments under wet conditions show a smaller γ that drops faster over time until reaching a plateau. The drop of γ with increasing relative humidity as well as the drop over time can be explained by the adsorption theory in which high surface coverage leads to a reduced uptake rate. The fact that γ stabilizes at a non-zero plateau suggests the involvement of irreversible chemical reactions. Further back-flushing experiments show that two-thirds of the adsorbed HCHO can be re-emitted into the gas phase while the residual is retained by the soil. This partial reversibility confirms that HCHO uptake by soil is a complex process involving both adsorption/desorption and chemical reactions which must be considered in trace gas exchange (emission or deposition) at the atmosphere–soil interface. Our results suggest that soil and soil-derived airborne particles can either act as a source or a sink for HCHO, depending on ambient conditions and HCHO concentrations.
Uncertainties of ground-based microwave radiometer retrievals in zenith and off-zenith methods under snow conditions
Authors: Zhang Wengang , Xu Guirong , Liu Yuanyuan , Yan Guopao , Wang Shengbo
Published: August 2016

Abstract. This paper is to investigate the uncertainties of microwave radiometer (MWR) retrievals in snow conditions and also explore the discrepancies of MWR retrievals in zenith and off-zenith methods. The MWR retrievals were averaged in the ±15 min period centered at sounding times of 00:00 and 12:00 UTC and compared with the radiosonde observations (RAOBs). In general, the MWR retrievals have a better correlation with RAOB profiles in off-zenith method than in zenith method, and the biases (MWR observations minus RAOBs) and root mean square errors (RMSEs) between MWR and RAOB are also clearly reduced in off-zenith method. The biases of temperature, relative humidity, and vapor density decrease from 4.6 K, 9 %, and 1.43 g m−3 in zenith method to −0.6 K, −2 %, and 0.10 g m−3 in off-zenith method, respectively. The discrepancies between the MWR retrievals and the RAOB profiles along with the altitude present the same situation. Case studies show that the impact of snow on accuracies of the MWR retrievals is more serious in heavy snowfall than that in light snowfall, but the off-zenith method can mitigate the impact of snowfall. The MWR measurements become less accurate in snowfall is mainly due to the retrieving method which does not consider the effect of snow, and the accumulated snow on the top of radome increases the signal noise of MWR measurement. As the snowfall drops away by gravity in the sides of the radome and the off-zenith observations are more representative of the atmospheric conditions for RAOBs.
Regulators of coastal wetland methane production and responses to
simulated global change
Authors: Vizza Carmella , West William E. , Jones Stuart E. , Hart Julia A. , Lamberti Gary A.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, but their emissions vary along salinity and productivity gradients. Global change has the potential to reshape these gradients and therefore alter future contributions of wetlands to the global CH4 budget. Our study examined CH4 production along a natural salinity gradient in coastal Alaska wetlands. In the laboratory, we incubated natural sediments to compare CH4 production rates between freshwater and intertidal wetlands, and quantified the abundances of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria in these ecosystems. We also simulated sea-level rise and enhanced organic matter availability, which we predicted would have contrasting effects on coastal wetland CH4 production. Intertidal wetlands produced less CH4 than freshwater wetlands due to high sulfate availability and generally higher abundances of sulfate-reducing bacteria, whereas freshwater wetlands had significantly greater methanogen abundances. Simulated sea-level rise in freshwater sediments, however, did not reduce CH4 production, perhaps because the 14d incubation period was too short to elicit a shift in microbial communities. In contrast, increased organic matter generally enhanced CH4 production rates, but this response varied by the macrophyte species added. Our study suggests that CH4 production in coastal wetlands, and therefore their overall contribution to the global CH4 cycle, will be sensitive to increased organic matter availability and potentially sea-level rise. To better predict future wetland contributions to the global CH4 budget, future studies and modeling efforts should investigate how multiple global change mechanisms will interact to impact CH4 dynamics.
The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2) – an internally
consistent data product for the world ocean
Authors: Olsen Are , Key Robert M. , van Heuven Steven , Lauvset Siv K. , Velo Anton , Lin Xiaohua , Schirnick Carsten , Kozyr Alex , Tanhua Toste , Hoppema Mario , Jutterström Sara , Steinfeldt Reiner , Jeansson Emil , Ishii Masao , Pérez Fiz F. , Suzuki Toru
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Version 2 of the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAPv2) data product is composed of data from 724 scientific cruises covering the global ocean. It includes data assembled during the previous efforts GLODAPv1.1 (Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 1.1) in 2004, CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic) in 2009/2010, and PACIFICA (PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon) in 2013, as well as data from an additional 168 cruises. Data for 12 core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4) have been subjected to extensive quality control, including systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted but updated to WOCE exchange format and (ii) as a merged and internally consistent data product. In the latter, adjustments have been applied to remove significant biases, respecting occurrences of any known or likely time trends or variations. Adjustments applied by previous efforts were re-evaluated. Hence, GLODAPv2 is not a simple merging of previous products with some new data added but a unique, internally consistent data product. This compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 µmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 6 µmol kg−1 in total alkalinity, 0.005 in pH, and 5 % for the halogenated transient tracers.The original data and their documentation and doi codes are available at the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/GLODAPv2/). This site also provides access to the calibrated data product, which is provided as a single global file or four regional ones – the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans – under the doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.NDP093_GLODAPv2. The product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data. These were obtained by interpolation of, or calculation from, measured data. This paper documents the GLODAPv2 methods and products and includes a broad overview of the secondary quality control results. The magnitude of and reasoning behind each adjustment is available on a per-cruise and per-variable basis in the online Adjustment Table.
ASoP (v1.0): A set of methods for analyzing scales of precipitation in
general circulation models
Authors: Klingaman Nicholas P. , Martin Gill M. , Moise Aurel
Published: August 2016

Abstract. General circulation models (GCMs) have been criticized for their failure to represent the observed scales of precipitation, particularly in the tropics where simulated daily rainfall is too light, too frequent, and too persistent. Previous assessments have focused on temporally or spatially averaged precipitation, such as daily means or regional averages. These evaluations offer little actionable information for model developers, because the interactions between the resolved dynamics and parameterized physics that produce precipitation occur at the native gridscale and timestep. We introduce a set of diagnostics (ASoP1) to compare the spatial and temporal scales of precipitation across GCMs and observations, which can be applied to data ranging from the gridscale and timestep to regional and sub-monthly averages. ASoP1 measures the spectrum of precipitation intensity, temporal variability as a function of intensity, and spatial and temporal coherence. When applied to timestep, gridscale tropical precipitation from ten GCMs, the diagnostics reveal that far from the “dreary” persistent light rainfall implied by daily mean data, most models produce a broad range of timestep intensities that span 1–100 mm day−1. Models show widely varying spatial and temporal scales of timestep precipitation. Several GCMs show concerning quasi-random behavior that may influence alter the spectrum of atmospheric waves. Averaging precipitation to a common spatial (≈600 km) or temporal (3-hr) resolution substantially reduces variability among models, demonstrating that averaging hides a wealth of information about intrinsic model behavior. When compared against satellite-derived analyses at these scales, all models produce features that are too large and too persistent.
Quantifying hydrologic connectivity of wetlands to surface water
systems
Authors: Ameli Ali A. , Creed Irena F.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Hydrologic connectivity of wetlands is poorly characterized and understood. Our inability to quantify this connectivity compromises our understanding of the potential impacts of wetland loss on watershed structure, function and water supplies. We develop a computationally efficient physically-based subsurface-surface hydrological model to characterize both the subsurface and surface hydrologic connectivity of "geographically isolated" wetlands and explore the time and length variations in these connections to a river within the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. Despite a high density of geographically isolated wetlands (i.e., wetlands without surface outlets), modeled connections show that these wetlands are not hydrologically isolated. Hydrologic subsurface connectivity differs significantly from surface connectivity in terms of timing and length of connections. Slow subsurface connections between wetlands and the downstream river originate from wetlands throughout the watershed, whereas fast surface connections were limited to large events and originate from wetlands located near the river. This modeling approach provides first ever insight on the nature of geographically isolated wetland subsurface and surface hydrological connections to rivers, and provides valuable information to support watershed-scale decision making for water resource management.
Transformaciones ambientales y producción agroforestal: El Gran Chaco Argentino en el siglo XX
Authors: Zarrilli Adrián Gustavo
Published: August 2016

En tiempos de la independencia hacia principios del siglo XIX, había en Argentina 160 millones de hectáreas de bosques, montes y selvas originales. En menos de dos siglos el país perdió más de dos tercios de su patrimonio forestal autóctono. Hoy le quedan menos 33 millones de hectáreas forestales. La explotación de la esta extraordinaria riqueza forestal Argentina, es el punto de partida de este análisis que se propone trazar un cuadro interpretativo – desde una perspectiva histórico-ambiental – de la evolución de las transformaciones histórico- ambientales de la región del Gran Chaco Argentino en el siglo XX, sus ciclos productivos y su relación con la expansión del modelo de agricultura capitalista. Nuestro objetivo central es, entonces, el estudio histórico-ambiental de este proceso de transformación de esta región, en el contexto de su incorporación al mercado y la relación que se establece entre este proceso de deforestación y la expansión de la frontera agrícola, su transformación artificial, conflictos, grados de especialización, racionalidad, interacción y el deterioro progresivo de los mismos. Palabras claves: Historia. Ambiente. Gran Chaco.
A solidariedade social como instrumento para superação da crise e da democracia representativa
Authors: Weidlich Amanda De Moraes , Schneider Paulo Henrique
Published: August 2016

A democracia representativa moderna passa por um momento de intensa crise, resultado das limitações do modelo de representação, do descrédito das instituições democráticas e do recrudescimento do individualismo exacerbado. Dessa forma, empregando-se o método hipotético dedutivo, a partir de um breve apanhado histórico e da identificação e análise dos elementos que levaram a essa crise, sugere-se a valorização da ideia de solidarismo social como meio de possível superação dos conflitos democráticos, a partir do estabelecimento de um novo paradigma ético à democracia, fundado no resgate do sentimento de solidariedade e na constatação da interdependência entre os cidadãos.
Challenges of Brazilian institutions for a policy for refugees in a contemporary context: National Committee for Refugees and Federal Police
Authors: Silva Cesar Augusto
Published: August 2016

This article aims to verify the role of the main political institutions that directly deals with refugees in Brazil, from the action of the political centrality of the National Committee for Refugees and the Federal Police, through a literature review and interviews with border officers, under the Political Science. Decision-making processes, the bureaucratic procedures of migration control and security of the Brazilian government about the phenomenon of forced displacement of refugees seek to analyze the bureaucracy and procedural mechanisms geared to foreigners regarding refugees, by identifying the institutional difficulties, limits and challenges to the implementation of public policies geared to refugees. Highlighting the lack of coordination, fragmentation and pulverization of migration policy as a whole, and refugee policy in a particular way, connected with the authoritarian past of the country and the maintenance of restrictive mechanisms for local insertion of international migrants.
Tribunal do Júri: a participação do povo no Poder Judiciário
Authors: Muniz Alexandre Carrinho
Published: August 2016

O presente estudo analisa a intrínseca ligação entre a democracia e o instituto do Tribunal do Júri, instrumento efetivo de participação do povo no poder, em especial no Poder Judiciário, e no controle social.
Arranjos produtivos locais tecnológicos como estratégia de desenvolvimento regional no estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Torres Daniela Almeida Raposo , Siqueira Larissa Carla
Published: August 2016

Este artigo objetiva avaliar o impacto dos arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) tecnológicos mineiros como instrumentos efetivos de desenvolvimento regional e de superação do relativo atraso econômico entre e intrarregiões. Para tanto, são elencados e analisados indicadores que medem, em termos econômicos, o grau de concentração e competitividade dos APLs tecnológicos mineiros do período entre 2000 e 2010. Em termos sociais, trabalhou-se com o Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social (IMRS) e o Indicador Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM). Como resultado, indica-se que o desenvolvimento de APLs tecnológicos contribui para a redução do hiato de crescimento entre regiões e, portanto, representam um importante instrumento estratégico de desenvolvimento regional. Palavras-chave: Arranjos produtivos locais. Sistemas de inovações. Desenvolvimento territorial.
O perfil socioeconômico dos MEIs passo-fundenses: uma análise no ano de 2013
Authors: Tartas Rubiele Liandra , Guareschi Amanda , Bogoni Nadia Mar
Published: August 2016

Este artigo tem o objetivo de verificar a concepção dos indivíduos diante da sua formalização como microempreendedores individuais em Passo Fundo no ano de 2013. Considera-se o tema relevante devido ao seu papel dinamizador do desenvolvimento regional e por descrever o impacto dessa política pública na cidade. Com uma pesquisa quantitativa, verificou-se a satisfação dos novos empresários. A pesquisa alcançou uma amostragem aleatória de cem entrevistados do município de Passo Fundo, que foram contatados por telefone, os dados foram tabulados com ajuda da estatística descritiva simples. Com os resultados, evidenciou-se a satisfação positiva dos donos de negócios, e a análise de perfil mostrou que o microempreendedor individual é um instrumento de incentivo ao empreendedorismo e à formalização. Palavras-chave: Microempreendedor individual. Formalização. Satisfação.
Estimation of Change-point and Post-change Parameters after Adaptive Sequential CUSUM Test in an Exponential Family
Authors: Wu Yanhong
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we consider an adaptive sequential CUSUM procedure in an exponential family where the change-point and post-change parameters are estimated adaptively. It is shown that the adaptive CUSUM procedure is efficient at the first order. The conditional biases of the estimation for the change-point and post-change parameter are studied. Comparison with the classical CUSUM procedure in the normal case is made. Nile river flow and average global temperature data sets are used for demonstration.
Analysis of Natural Toxins by Liquid Chromatography-Chemiluminescence Nitrogen Detection and Application to the Preparation of Certified Reference Materials
Authors: Thomas Krista , Wechsler Dominik , Chen Yi-Min , Crain Sheila , Quilliam Michael A
Published: August 2016

The implementation of instrumental analytical methods such as LC-MS for routine monitoring of toxins requires the availability of accurate calibration standards. This is a challenge because many toxins are rare, expensive, dangerous to handle, and/or unstable, and simple gravimetric procedures are not reliable for establishing accurate concentrations in solution. NMR has served as one method of qualitative and quantitative characterization of toxin calibration solution Certified Reference Materials (CRMs). LC with chemiluminescence N detection (LC-CLND) was selected as a complementary method for comprehensive characterization of CRMs because it provides a molar response to N. Here we report on our investigation of LC-CLND as a method suitable for quantitative analysis of nitrogenous toxins. It was demonstrated that a wide range of toxins could be analyzed quantitatively by LC-CLND. Furthermore, equimolar responses among diverse structures were established and it was shown that a single high-purity standard such as caffeine could be used for instrument calibration. The limit of detection was approximately 0.6 ng N. Measurement of several of Canada's National Research Council toxin CRMs with caffeine as the calibrant showed precision averaging 2% RSD and accuracy ranging from 97 to 102%. Application of LC-CLND to the production of calibration solution CRMs and the establishment of traceability of measurement results are presented.
Development of Certified Reference Materials for Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins, Part 1: Calibration Solutions
Authors: Beach Daniel G , Crain Sheila , Lewis Nancy , LeBlanc Patricia , Hardstaff William R , Perez Ruth A , Giddings Sabrina D , Martinez-Farina Camilo F , Stefanova Roumiana , Burton Ian W , Kilcoyne Jane , Melanson Jeremy E , Quilliam Michael A , McCarron Pearse
Published: August 2016

Okadaic acid (OA) and its analogs dinophysistoxins-1 (DTX1) and -2 (DTX2) are lipophilic polyethers produced by marine dinoflagellates. These toxins accumulate in shellfish and cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans. Regulatory testing of shellfish is essential to safeguard public health and for international trade. Certified reference materials (CRMs) play a key role in analytical monitoring programs. This paper presents an overview of the interdisciplinary work that went into the planning, production, and certification of calibration-solution CRMs for OA, DTX1, and DTX2. OA and DTX1 were isolated from large-scale algal cultures and DTX2 from naturally contaminated mussels. Toxins were isolated by a combination of extraction and chromatographic steps with processes adapted to suit the source and concentration of each toxin. New 19-epi-DSP toxin analogs were identified as minor impurities. Once OA, DTX1, and DTX2 were established to be of suitable purity, solutions were prepared and dispensed into flame-sealed glass ampoules. Certification measurements were carried out using quantitative NMR spectroscopy and LC-tandem MS. Traceability of measurements was established through certified external standards of established purity. Uncertainties were assigned following standards and guidelines from the International Organization for Standardization, with components from the measurement, stability, and homogeneity studies being propagated into final combined uncertainties.
Planning Questions and Persevering in the Practices
Authors: Gurl Theresa J. , Fox Ryan , Dabovic Nikolina , Leavitt Arielle Eager
Published: August 2016

Three preservice teachers describe their experiences implementing practice standards using activities from their methods class.
The Handshake Problem and Preassessing Practice Standard Skills
Authors: Albrecht Masha
Published: August 2016

Introducing a rich mathematical task, a teacher preassesses students' skills on practice standards.
In Search of Archimedes: Measurement of a Circle
Authors: Bonsangue Martin V.
Published: August 2016

In the absence of a decimal number system and representations for square roots, Archimedes estimated the value of pi using inscribed and circumscribed polygons to a circle.
Triptolide Inhibits MCF-7 and HepG2 Cells Invasion and Migration by Inhibiting the Synthesis of Polylactosamine Chains
Authors: Yaqin Yuan  , Hao Qiu  , Jingdong Gao  , Zerong Wang  , Chunliang Liu  , Zhenhua Liu  , Zhi Jiang  , Yongjian Li  , Shiliang Wu
Published: August 2016

Triptolide is a bioactive natural products isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Clinical studies reveal that triptolide can be used in autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, some studies revealed that triptolide has anti-tumor effects, which attracts more and more attention. This experiment aimed to explore the relationship between anti-tumor effects of triptolide and N-type polylactosamine. With increasing the concentration of triptolide, the viability of MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was reduced significantly and the polylactosamine expression on these cells declined as well. In addition, the expression of β1, 3-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (β3GnT8) participated in catalyzing the synthesis of N-type polylactosamine was also decreased and the expression of genes and proteins of downstream signaling was altered consequently. Finally, triptolide weakened the cancer cells invasion and migration. All of these indicate that triptolide can impair MCF-7 and HepG2 cells invasion and migration through downregulating the expression of polylactosamine chains. These studies establish that triptolide is a potential novel therapy in breast cancer and hepatic carcinoma
Intracellular Zinc Excess as One of the Main Factors in the Etiology of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Vladimir Zaichick  , Sofia Zaichick  , Sinclair Wynchank
Published: August 2016

Numerous studies show that prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) drastically increases with age, these malignant tumours are mainly formed in the peripheral zone of the prostate gland, and a high intake of red meat is associated with a statistically significant elevation in risk of PCa. The factors which cause all these well-specified features of the PCa are currently unclear. Here we describe one factor which can play an important role in etiology of malignant transformation of the prostate and is connected with the above-mentioned features of PCa. It is hypothesized that the prostatic intracellular Zn concentrations are probably one of the most important factors in the etiology of PCa. For an endorsement of our standpoint the estimation of changes of intracellular Zn concentrations over males lifespan was obtained using morphometric and Zn content data for the peripheral zone of prostate tissue, as well as Zn concentration in prostatic fluid. It was shown that the Zn concentrations in prostatic cells for men aged over 45 years are 10-fold higher than in those aged 18 to 30 years and this excessive accumulation of Zn may disturb the cells functions, resulting in cellular degeneration, death or malignant transformation.We hypothesize this excessive intracellular Zn concentration in cells of the prostate gland periphery has previously unrecognized and most important consequences, associated with PCa.
BubR1 alterations that reinforce mitotic surveillance act against aneuploidy and cancer
Authors: Weaver Robbyn L , Limzerwala Jazeel F , Naylor Ryan M , Jeganathan Karthik B , Baker Darren J , van Deursen Jan M
Published: August 2016

BubR1 is a key component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Mutations that reduce BubR1 abundance cause aneuploidization and tumorigenesis in humans and mice, whereas BubR1 overexpression protects against these. However, how supranormal BubR1 expression exerts these beneficial physiological impacts is poorly understood. Here, we used Bub1b mutant transgenic mice to explore the role of the amino-terminal (BubR1N) and internal (BubR1I) Cdc20-binding domains of BubR1 in preventing aneuploidy and safeguarding against cancer. BubR1N was necessary, but not sufficient to protect against aneuploidy and cancer. In contrast, BubR1 lacking the internal Cdc20-binding domain provided protection against both, which coincided with improved microtubule-kinetochore attachment error correction and SAC activity. Maximal SAC reinforcement occurred when both the Phe- and D-box of BubR1I were disrupted. Thus, while under- or overexpression of most mitotic regulators impairs chromosome segregation fidelity, certain manipulations of BubR1 can positively impact this process and therefore be therapeutically exploited.
Insulin signaling controls neurotransmission via the 4eBP-dependent modification of the exocytotic machinery
Authors: Mahoney Rebekah Elizabeth , Azpurua Jorge , Eaton Benjamin A
Published: August 2016

Altered insulin signaling has been linked to widespread nervous system dysfunction including cognitive dysfunction, neuropathy and susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease. However, knowledge of the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of insulin on neuronal function is incomplete. Here, we show that cell autonomous insulin signaling within the Drosophila CM9 motor neuron regulates the release of neurotransmitter via alteration of the synaptic vesicle fusion machinery. This effect of insulin utilizes the FOXO-dependent regulation of the thor gene, which encodes the Drosophila homologue of the eif-4e binding protein (4eBP). A critical target of this regulatory mechanism is Complexin, a synaptic protein known to regulate synaptic vesicle exocytosis. We find that the amounts of Complexin protein observed at the synapse is regulated by insulin and genetic manipulations of Complexin levels support the model that increased synaptic Complexin reduces neurotransmission in response to insulin signaling.
Staged Repair of Complete Sternal Cleft and Interrupted Aortic Arch Associated With PHACES Syndrome in a Very Low Birth Weight Infant
Authors: Kojima Ai , Okamura Toru , Shikata Fumiaki , Uchita Shunji , Yamauchi Toshiaki , Ohta Masaaki , Mori Hideki , Tozawa Asami , Fujii Sonoko , Kawanishi Yujiro , Higaki Takashi , Izutani Hironori
Published: August 2016

Posterior fossa malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac defects, eye abnormalities, and sternal malformations' (PHACES) syndrome comprises various defects that require a concrete therapeutic plan. Herein, we report a case of a very low birth weight infant with PHACES syndrome presenting complete sternal cleft, interrupted aortic arch with ventricular septal defect, and absence of communicating cerebral arteries. Due to the infant's very low birth weight, we planned staged surgery for this complex disease. First, bilateral pulmonary artery banding was performed to improve unstable hemodynamics. Then, after sufficient body weight was obtained, aortic arch and intracardiac repair was done. However, when the tracheal tube was removed 2 weeks after surgery, the patient could not breathe well due to paradoxical chest movement related to complete sternal cleft. Consequently, to improve chest wall compliance, the upper sternum was constructed with dislocated ribs. After these treatments, the patient gained adequate weight and was in stable condition. Staged surgical treatment of sternal cleft and congenital heart defects is a potential therapeutic option for PHACES syndrome, particularly in very low birth weight infants with complex cardiovascular disease.