bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass Loss on the Red Giant Branch: Plasmoid-driven Winds above the RGB Bump
Authors: Mullan D. J. , MacDonald J.
Published: November 2019

The onset of cool massive winds in evolved giants is correlated with an evolutionary feature on the red giant branch (RGB) known as the “bump.” Also at the bump, shear instability in the star leads to magnetic fields that occur preferentially on small length-scales. Pneuman has suggested that the emergence of small-scale flux tubes in the Sun can give rise to enhanced acceleration of the solar wind as a result of plasmoid acceleration (the so-called “melon-seed mechanism”). In this paper, we examine Pneuman’s formalism to determine if it may shed some light on the process that drives mass loss in stars above the RGB bump. Because we do not currently have detailed information for some of the relevant physical parameters, we are not yet able to derive a detailed model: instead, our goal in this paper is to explore a “proof of concept.” Using parameters that are known to be plausible in cool giants, we find that the total mass-loss rate from such stars can be replicated. Moreover, we find that the radial profile of the wind speed in such stars can be steep or shallow depending on the fraction of the mass-loss rate that is contained in the plasmoids: this is consistent with empirical data that indicate that the velocity profiles of winds from cool giants span a range of steepnesses.
Application of the Thermal Wind Model to Absorption Features in the Black Hole X-Ray Binary H1743–322
Authors: Shidatsu Megumi , Done Chris
Published: November 2019

High inclination black hole X-ray binaries exhibit blueshifted ionized absorption lines from disk winds, whose launching mechanism is still in debate. The lines are predominantly observed in the high/soft state and disappear in the low/hard state, anticorrelated with the jet. We have tested if the thermal winds, which are driven by the irradiation of the outer disk by the X-rays from the inner disk, can explain these observed properties or whether we need a magnetic switch between jet and wind. We use analytic thermal-radiative wind models to predict the column density, ionization parameter, and velocity of the wind given the broadband continuum shape and luminosity determined from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) monitoring. We use these to simulate the detailed photoionized absorption features predicted at epochs where there are Chandra high-resolution spectra. These include low/hard, high/soft, and very high states. The model was found to well reproduce the observed lines in the high/soft state, and it also successfully predicts their disappearance in the low/hard state. However, the simplest version of the thermal wind model also predicts that there should be strong features observed in the very high state, which are not seen in the data. Nonetheless, we show this is consistent with thermal winds when we include self-shielding by the irradiated inner disk atmosphere. These results indicate that the evolution of observed wind properties in different states during outbursts in H1743−322 can be explained by the thermal wind model and does not require magnetic driving.
A BCG with Offset Cooling: Is the AGN Feedback Cycle Broken in A2495?
Authors: Pasini T. , Gitti M. , Brighenti F. , Temi P. , Amblard A. , Hamer S. L. , Ettori S. , O’Sullivan E. , Gastaldello F.
Published: November 2019

We present a combined radio/X-ray analysis of the poorly studied galaxy cluster A2495 (z = 0.07923) based on new EVLA and Chandra data. We also analyze and discuss Hα emission and optical continuum data retrieved from the literature. We find an offset of ∼6 kpc between the cluster brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) (MCG+02-58-021) and the peak of the X-ray emission, suggesting that the cooling process is not taking place on the central galaxy nucleus. We propose that sloshing of the intracluster medium (ICM) could be responsible for this separation. Furthermore, we detect a second, ∼4 kpc offset between the peak of the Hα emission and that of the X-ray emission. Optical images highlight the presence of a dust filament extending up to ∼6 kpc in the cluster BCG and allow us to estimate a dust mass within the central 7 kpc of 1.7 × 105
M
☉. Exploiting the dust-to-gas ratio and the L
Hα
–M
mol relation, we argue that a significant amount (up to 109
M
☉) of molecular gas should be present in the BCG of this cluster. We also investigate the presence of ICM depressions, finding two putative systems of cavities; the inner pair is characterized by t
age ∼ 18 Myr and P
cav ∼ 1.2 × 1043 erg s−1, the outer one by t
age ∼ 53 Myr and P
cav ∼ 5.6 × 1042 erg s−1. Their age difference appears to be consistent with the freefall time of the central cooling gas and with the offset timescale estimated with the Hα kinematic data, suggesting that sloshing is likely playing a key role in this environment. Furthermore, the cavities’ power analysis shows that the active galactic nucleus energy injection is able to sustain the feedback cycle, despite cooling being offset from the BCG nucleus.
Chemical Abundances in a Turbulent Medium–H2, OH+, H2O+, ArH+
Authors: Bialy Shmuel , Neufeld David , Wolfire Mark , Sternberg Amiel , Burkhart Blakesley
Published: November 2019

Supersonic turbulence results in strong density fluctuations in the interstellar medium (ISM), which have a profound effect on the chemical structure. Particularly useful probes of the diffuse ISM are the ArH+, OH+, H2O+ molecular ions, which are highly sensitive to fluctuations in the density and the H2 abundance. We use isothermal magnetohydrodynamic simulations of various sonic Mach numbers,

, and density decorrelation scales, y
dec, to model the turbulent density field. We post process the simulations with chemical models and obtain the probability density functions (PDFs) for the H2, ArH+, OH+, and H2O+ abundances. We find that the PDF dispersions increases with increasing

and y
dec, as the magnitude of the density fluctuations increases, and as they become more coherent. Turbulence also affects the median abundances: when

and y
dec are high, low-density regions with low H2 abundance become prevalent, resulting in an enhancement of ArH+ compared to OH+ and H2O+. We compare our models with Herschel observations. The large scatter in the observed abundances, as well as the high observed ArH+/OH+ and ArH+/H2O+ ratios are naturally reproduced by our supersonic

, large decorrelation scale (y
dec = 0.8) model, supporting a scenario of a large-scale turbulence driving. The abundances also depend on the ultraviolet intensity, cosmic-ray ionization rate, and the cloud column density, and the observed scatter may be influenced by fluctuations in these parameters.
The Galaxy’s Gas Content Regulated by the Dark Matter Halo Mass Results in a Superlinear MBH–M⋆ Relation
Authors: Delvecchio I. , Daddi E. , Shankar F. , Mullaney J. R. , Zamorani G. , Aird J. , Bernhard E. , Cimatti A. , Elbaz D. , Giavalisco M. , Grimmett L. P.
Published: November 2019

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are tightly correlated with their hosts, but the origin of such connection remains elusive. To explore the cosmic buildup of this scaling relation, we present an empirically motivated model that tracks galaxy and SMBH growth down to z = 0. Starting from a random mass seed distribution at z = 10, we assume that each galaxy evolves on the star-forming “main sequence” (MS) and each BH follows the recently derived stellar mass (M
⋆) dependent ratio between BH accretion rate and star formation rate, going as

BHAR

/

SFR
∝

M

⋆

0.73
[
+
0.22
,
−
0.29
]

. Our simple recipe naturally describes the BH–galaxy buildup in two stages. At first, the SMBH lags behind the host that evolves along the MS. Later, as the galaxy grows in M
⋆, our M
⋆-dependent BHAR/SFR induces a superlinear BH growth, as

M

BH

∝

M

⋆

1.7

. According to this formalism, smaller BH seeds increase their relative mass faster and earlier than bigger BH seeds, at fixed M
⋆, thus setting along a gradually tighter M
BH–M
⋆ locus toward higher M
⋆. Assuming reasonable values of the radiative efficiency ϵ ∼ 0.1, our empirical trend agrees with both high-redshift model predictions and intrinsic M
BH–M
⋆ relations of local BHs. We speculate that the observed nonlinear BH–galaxy buildup is reflected in a twofold behavior with dark matter halo mass (M
DM), displaying a clear turnover at M
DM ∼ 2 × 1012 M
⊙. While supernovae-driven feedback suppresses BH growth in smaller halos (

BHAR

/

SFR
∝

M

DM

1.6

), above the M
DM threshold cold gas inflows possibly fuel both BH accretion and star formation in a similar fashion (

BHAR

/

SFR
∝

M

DM

0.3

).
Molecular Gas in the Outflow of the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Di Teodoro Enrico M. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Breuck C. De , Armillotta L. , Pingel N. M. , Jameson K. E. , Dickey John M. , Rubio M. , Stanimirović S. , Staveley-Smith L.
Published: November 2019

We report the first evidence of molecular gas in two atomic hydrogen (H i) clouds associated with gas outflowing from the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We used the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment to detect and spatially resolve individual clumps of 12CO(2 → 1) emission in both clouds. CO clumps are compact (∼10 pc) and dynamically cold (line widths

). Most CO emission appears to be offset from the peaks of the H i emission, some molecular gas lies in regions without a clear H i counterpart. We estimate a total molecular gas mass of

in each cloud and molecular gas fractions up to 30% of the total cold gas mass (molecular + neutral). Under the assumption that this gas is escaping the galaxy, we calculated a cold gas outflow rate of

and mass loading factors of

at a distance larger than 1 kpc. These results show that relatively weak starburst-driven winds in dwarf galaxies like the SMC are able to accelerate significant amounts of cold and dense matter and inject it into the surrounding environment.
Dark Matter Signatures of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
Authors: Naoz Smadar , Silk Joseph , Schnittman Jeremy D.
Published: November 2019

A natural consequence of the galaxy formation paradigm is the existence of supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries. Gravitational perturbations from a far-away SMBH companion can induce high orbital eccentricities on dark matter (DM) particles orbiting the primary SMBH via the eccentric Kozai–Lidov mechanism. This process yields an influx of DM particles into the primary SMBH ergosphere, where test particles linger for long timescales. This influx results in high self-gravitating densities, forming a DM clump that is extremely close to the SMBH. In such a situation, the gravitational-wave (GW) emission between the dark matter clump and the SMBH is potentially detectable by LISA. If dark matter self-annihilates, the high densities of the clump will result in a unique codetection of GW emission and high-energy electromagnetic signatures.
Stellar Velocity Dispersion of a Massive Quenching Galaxy at z = 4.01
Authors: Tanaka Masayuki , Valentino Francesco , Toft Sune , Onodera Masato , Shimakawa Rhythm , Ceverino Daniel , Faisst Andreas L. , Gallazzi Anna , Gómez-Guijarro Carlos , Kubo Mariko , Magdis Georgios E. , Steinhardt Charles L. , Stockmann Mikkel , Yabe Kiyoto , Zabl Johannes
Published: November 2019

We present the first stellar velocity dispersion measurement of a massive quenching galaxy at z = 4. The galaxy is first identified as a massive z ≥ 4 galaxy with suppressed star formation from photometric redshifts based on deep multiband data. A follow-up spectroscopic observation with MOSFIRE on Keck revealed strong multiple absorption features, which are identified as Balmer lines, giving a secure redshift of z = 4.01. This is the most distant quiescent galaxy known to date. Thanks to the high S/N of the spectrum, we are able to estimate the stellar velocity dispersion,

, making a significant leap from the previous highest redshift measurement at z = 2.8. Interestingly, we find that the velocity dispersion is consistent with that of massive galaxies today, implying no significant evolution in velocity dispersion over the last 12 Gyr. Based on a stringent upper limit on its physical size from deep optical images (r
eff < 1.3 kpc), we find that its dynamical mass is consistent with the stellar mass inferred from photometry. Furthermore, the galaxy is located on the mass fundamental plane extrapolated from lower redshift galaxies. The observed no strong evolution in σ suggests that the mass in the core of massive galaxies does not evolve significantly, while most of the mass growth occurs in the outskirts of the galaxies, which also increases the size. This picture is consistent with a two-phase formation scenario in which mass and size growth is due to accretion in the outskirts of galaxies via mergers. Our results imply that the first phase may be completed as early as z ∼ 4.
Dritter Nachtrag zur Rüsselkäfer-Fauna der Schweiz (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea)
Authors: Germann Christoph
Published: November 2019

Die Anzahl verlässlich gemeldeter Taxa (Arten und Unterarten) der Curculionoidea aus der Schweiz beträgt momentan 1081. Funde von Orchestes calceatus (Germar, 1821) werden hier erstmals bestätigt. Zusätzliche Verbreitungsdaten von zehn Arten werden gegeben. Der auf subalpine und alpine Lebensräume beschränkte Phyllobius alpinus Stierlin, 1859 ist eine valide Art stat. rev., und kein Synonym zu Ph. xanthocnemus Kiesenwetter, 1852 und wird daher aus der Synonymie herausgenommen. Die Arten werden verglichen und typische Unterscheidungsmerkmale werden aufgeführt.
Où rencontre-t-on son premier partenaire sexuel et son premier conjoint ?
Authors: Bozon Michel , Rault Wilfried
Published: November 2019

En France, on ne rencontre plus son premier conjoint comme dans les années 1960. Le bal et le voisinage ont fortement décliné, cependant que les soirées entre amis (18 %), les études (15 %), les lieux publics (15 %) et les boîtes et discothèques (11 %) sont devenus les cadres privilégiés des rencontres. Malgré le développement de nouveaux moyens de communication dans les années 2000, Internet n’apparaît pas dans ce paysage des rencontres parmi les jeunes. Le premier partenaire sexuel est aujourd’hui généralement distinct du premier conjoint. Les études sont le premier cadre de rencontre du premier partenaire sexuel, plus souvent pour les hommes que pour les femmes (39 % contre 25 %). Ces dernières sont en revanche plus nombreuses qu’eux à rencontrer leur premier partenaire sexuel dans des soirées entre amis (15 % contre 10 %). Les lieux de la vie quotidienne (études, travail, lieux publics et voisinage) réunissent plus de 60 % des rencontres pour les hommes, contre moins de 50 % pour les femmes. Plus on est diplômé, plus on a de chances d’avoir rencontré son premier partenaire sexuel dans un cadre scolaire (le lycée généralement). Lorsqu’on est peu diplômé, les rencontres dans les lieux publics et les lieux de danse sont plus fréquentes.
Vivre dans deux logements : surtout avant et après la vie active
Authors: Imbert Christophe , Deschamps Guilhem , Lelièvre Éva , Bonvalet Catherine
Published: November 2019

Onze pour cent des adultes vivant en France en 2011 habitent deux logements ou plus. Le phénomène s’observe surtout chez les jeunes adultes (26 % des 18-19 ans). La bi-résidence tient chez eux à la fois à des raisons familiales et scolaires. Le second logement est plus fréquemment occupé les week-ends et lors des vacances. Chez les adultes en activité, seules 9 % à 10 % des personnes utilisent plusieurs logements, la seconde résidence servant principalement aux vacances et aux loisirs ; c’est encore plus vrai après 60 ans, lorsque la cessation d’activité accroît le temps libre et que la condition physique et les ressources financières permettent d’entretenir un second logement. Parmi l’ensemble des adultes occupant un second logement, on trouve plus particulièrement les retraités franciliens et les étudiants bretons ou auvergnats.
L’accueil en crèche en France : quels enfants y ont accès ?
Authors: Le Bouteillec Nathalie , Kandil Lamia , Solaz Anne
Published: November 2019

Les enfants nés en début d’année ont plus de chance d’être accueillis en crèche que ceux nés à l’automne. En revanche, il n’y a pas de différences entre filles et garçons ni entre enfants biologiques et enfants adoptés. Les enfants qui sont les troisièmes de leur famille sont plus fréquemment accueillis que les premiers ou les deuxièmes, signe d’une volonté d’aider les mères de familles nombreuses à conserver leur activité professionnelle. Les jumeaux et les triplés sont plus fréquemment en crèche que les enfants issus de naissance simple. Les enfants dont la mère est au chômage sont surreprésentés. Mais ceux de familles monoparentales ne semblent pas bénéficier d’un accès privilégié malgré une politique visant à favoriser leur accueil en crèche.
Les migrations environnementales sont-elles mesurables ?
Authors: Véron Jacques , Golaz Valérie
Published: November 2019

Bien qu’il soit de plus en plus fréquemment question de migrations environnementales, il est souvent difficile d’identifier les changements environnementaux comme facteurs principaux de la migration. Le changement climatique risque de rendre plus fréquentes et plus sévères les catastrophes « naturelles ». Même si la mobilité n’est qu’une des réponses possibles au changement climatique, d’autres relèvent du réaménagement des territoires exposés. Faire de la mobilité une stratégie pour les anticiper, nécessite de mieux connaître les mécanismes à l’œuvre lorsque des populations se déplacent.
Mourir chez soi : un souhait majoritaire mais une situation peu fréquente
Authors: Pennec Sophie , Gaymu Joëlle , Riou Françoise , Morand Elisabeth , Pontone Silvia , Aubry Régis , Cases Chantal
Published: November 2019

La majorité des personnes souhaitent mourir chez elles, mais un quart seulement le font. L’enquête « Fin de vie en France » permet de retracer le parcours résidentiel et médical avant le décès. Quatre semaines avant leur mort, 45 % des personnes vivent à domicile en cas de décès non soudain. Quitter son domicile pour entrer à l’hôpital et y décéder est le parcours le plus fréquent (30 %), passer l’ensemble du dernier mois de l’existence chez soi l’est deux fois moins (14 %). Le départ de l’hôpital pour regagner son domicile est beaucoup plus rare (2 %). La complexité des soins rend souvent le maintien à domicile impossible, ce qui motive le transfert à l’hôpital. C’est de fait la raison la plus souvent évoquée pour justifier le non-respect du souhait de certains patients de décéder chez eux.
À quels âges les revenus excèdent-ils la consommation ? 30 ans d’évolution en France
Authors: d’Albis Hippolyte , Bonnet Carole , Navaux Julien , Pelletan Jacques , Wolff François-Charles
Published: November 2019

La méthode des Comptes de transferts nationaux est utilisée pour quantifier les transferts économiques entre les âges. Aux âges actifs, les individus produisent en général davantage qu’ils ne consomment. L’inverse s’observe pendant la jeunesse et la retraite, la consommation étant alors financée par une redistribution des ressources entre les âges. Entre 1979 et 2011, la période de la vie durant laquelle les revenus du travail sont supérieurs à la consommation s’est raccourcie. Les profils de consommation se sont déformés au profit des plus âgés qui consomment désormais davantage, en termes relatifs, que les plus jeunes.
Sites de rencontres : qui les utilise en France ? Qui y trouve son conjoint ?
Authors: Bergström Marie
Published: November 2019

Les sites de rencontres sur Internet suscitent intérêt et étonnement. Peu d’enquêtes avaient cependant été conduites jusqu’ici à leur sujet. L’enquête Étude des parcours individuels et conjugaux permet pour la première fois de mesurer et caractériser l’usage de ces services en France. Elle révèle que si les sites de rencontres sont largement utilisés, ils jouent un rôle modeste dans la formation des couples.
Les naissances de mères de moins de 20 ans en recul en Angleterre : un rapprochement avec l’Europe ?
Authors: Tomkinson John
Published: November 2019

Les jeunes femmes de moins de 20 ans ont mis au monde deux fois plus d’enfants en Angleterre qu’en France entre 2010 et 2015. Ce phénomène est lié au fait qu’elles utilisent moins de contraception et ont moins souvent recours à l’IVG. Mais les comportements sont en train de changer. Le taux de fécondité avant 20 ans a beaucoup baissé récemment en Angleterre, grâce à une meilleure information des jeunes sur la sexualité et la contraception, et un recours plus important à celle-ci ainsi qu’à l’IVG, permettant à l’Angleterre de se rapprocher du reste de l’Europe de l’Ouest.
La gestation pour autrui en Inde
Authors: Rozée Virginie , Unisa Sayeed , de La Rochebrochard Élise
Published: November 2019

La gestation pour autrui (GPA) suscite de vifs débats en France et dans le monde. On sait pourtant peu de choses sur les représentations et expériences autour de cette pratique. L’étude menée en Inde auprès de médecins, parents et gestatrices montre une réalité complexe, tantôt décrite comme une situation de « gagnant-gagnant », tantôt comme un recours difficile et une pratique à risques. En Inde, des changements politiques récents restreignent l’accès à la GPA aux seuls couples indiens, mais les mêmes problématiques se posent dans les nouvelles destinations de la GPA.
Habiter seul ou avec des proches après 85 ans en France : de fortes disparités selon les départements
Authors: Trabut Loïc , Gaymu Joëlle
Published: November 2019

En 2011, 7 personnes âgées de 85 ans et plus sur 10 (contre 1 sur 2 en 1982) vieillissent chez elles, seules ou en couple. Cette plus forte autonomie résidentielle s’observe dans tous les départements français. Mais les disparités restent importantes selon les territoires, l’isolement résidentiel étant plus fréquent dans le nord et la cohabitation multigénérationnelle plus observée dans le sud de la France.
Le niveau d’instruction des immigrés : varié et souvent plus élevé que dans les pays d’origine
Authors: Ichou Mathieu , Goujon Anne , l’équipe de l’enquête DiPAS
Published: November 2019

Les immigrés vivant en France et les réfugiés arrivés en Autriche sont plus instruits que la plupart des personnes restées dans leur pays de naissance. Par comparaison à la population de leur pays d’accueil, leur niveau d’instruction est varié : certains groupes comme les immigrés portugais vivant en France sont relativement peu instruits alors que d’autres, comme les immigrés roumains, sont plus souvent diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur que les personnes nées en France.
Le chômage des immigrés : quelle est la part des discriminations ?
Authors: Meurs Dominique
Published: November 2019

L’analyse des données de l’enquête Trajectoires et Origines révèle un excès de chômage chez les immigrés et fils et filles d’immigrés originaires du Maghreb par rapport aux personnes nées en France métropolitaine de parents français, qui n’est pas expliqué par leur situation socioéconomique (âge, niveau d’instruction, etc.). Le sentiment de discrimination dans l’accès à l’emploi exprimé par les enquêtés est cohérent avec les données « objectives » : plus la personne au chômage « devrait » être en emploi au vu de ses caractéristiques, plus elle répond positivement aux questions sur les ressentis de discrimination. Ce résultat indique que les enquêtes qualitatives sur les ressentis sont complémentaires des mesures « objectives » des inégalités et apportent une information simple et fiable pour l’étude des discriminations dans la société.
L’admission au séjour des demandeurs d’asile en France depuis 2000
Authors: d’Albis Hippolyte , Boubtane Ekrame
Published: November 2019

Les demandes d’asiles ont augmenté ces dernières années en France, tout en représentant une part décroissante du total des demandes adressées aux pays de l’Union européenne. L’afflux récent de demandeurs d’asile a en effet beaucoup moins concerné la France que certains de ses voisins européens. Environ un quart des demandeurs qui s’adressent à la France obtiennent sa protection. La proportion varie de 18 % à 32 % selon l’année de dépôt. Plus d’un quart ne l’obtiennent pas mais sont finalement admis au séjour pour un autre motif (études, famille, travail) souvent de nombreuses années après. Parmi les personnes ayant déposé une demande en 2000, près de 60 % ont été admises au séjour au 31 décembre 2016, un tiers d’entre elles au titre de l’asile (comme réfugié, apatride ou bénéficiaire de la protection subsidiaire), et un peu plus de la moitié pour motif familial.
1 enfant sur 30 conçu par assistance médicale à la procréation en France
Authors: de La Rochebrochard Élise
Published: November 2019

En France, un enfant sur 30 est désormais conçu grâce à une technique d’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP), qu’il s’agisse d’une fécondation in vitro (FIV) ou d’une insémination artificielle (IA). La FIV est à elle seule à l’origine de la naissance d’un enfant sur 40. Cette proportion croît de manière linéaire depuis plus de trois décennies. Globalement, 300 000 enfants ont été conçus par FIV entre 1981 et fin 2014. Si la tendance se poursuit, un total de 400000 sera atteint fin 2019. Seul 5 % de l’activité d’AMP française est réalisée avec un don de gamètes, en général de spermatozoïde, les dons d’ovocytes connaissant une pénurie importante. La législation française restreint l’accès de l’AMP aux couples hétérosexuels d’âge reproductif. Dans ce contexte législatif et organisationnel, des Français vont à l’étranger pour pouvoir accéder à une AMP avec don de gamètes, ils se tournent vers l’Espagne, la Grèce, la République tchèque, la Belgique ou le Danemark.
Pourquoi l’espérance de vie augmente-t-elle moins vite en France ?
Authors: Pison Gilles
Published: November 2019

Les épidémies de grippe saisonnière ont été particulièrement meurtrières ces dernières années, mais le ralentissement des progrès de l’espérance de vie tient aussi peut-être à une tendance de fond. Les cancers sont devenus la première cause de décès ; la mortalité qui leur est due diminue plus lentement que celle liée aux maladies cardiovasculaires, très rapide ces dernières décennies, et qui a beaucoup fait progresser l’espérance de vie.
La baisse de l’espérance de vie aux États-Unis depuis 2014
Authors: Barbieri Magali
Published: November 2019

Aux États-Unis, l’espérance de vie à la naissance a cessé d’augmenter à partir de 2010 et elle a même diminué chez les hommes depuis 2014. Le décrochement des États-Unis par rapport aux autres pays de l’OCDE a commencé vers 1980 et il s’est aggravé. Les progrès dans la lutte contre les maladies cardiovasculaires, en grande partie responsables de la hausse de l’espérance de vie au cours des années 1970 et 1980, ont ralenti depuis 2000 en lien notamment avec la croissance de l’obésité et du diabète. L’épidémie d’overdoses de drogues explique la moitié des années de vie perdues entre 2014 et 2017. La mortalité due à cette cause a été multipliée par plus de cinq entre 1980 et 2017.
Les ESAT de transition Messidor
Authors: de Pierrefeu Inès
Published: November 2019

Les ESAT de transition constituent une formule d’accompagnement intéressante en France pour les personnes en situation de handicap psychique car ils visent une insertion en milieu ordinaire de travail, via un temps de transition en emploi protégé. Les bons résultats de cette pratique s’expliquent grâce à un parcours balisé à la fois exigeant et soutenu, par un binôme d’accompagnants, au quotidien, dans un métier précis, avec le responsable d’unité de production, et en parallèle avec le conseiller d’insertion, qui fait le point régulièrement pour faciliter l’élaboration de son projet de sortie par le travailleur. Ce double accompagnement contribue à restaurer un sentiment d’efficacité, d’estime de soi et favorise l’émergence d’un nouveau regard sur soi pour la personne accompagnée. Il apparaît que les professionnels doivent maintenir une attitude positive dans la relation aux travailleurs pour favoriser ce nouveau regard, ce qui est un exercice parfois difficile, nécessitant que les accompagnants soient eux-mêmes accompagnés.
L’ESAT de transition
Authors: Thibault Christophe
Published: November 2019

Les avancées des neurosciences poussent le secteur médico-social à faire évoluer ses pratiques pour mieux évaluer et mieux accompagner les personnes vivant avec un trouble psychique. Refusant tout dogmatisme, l’Esat de transition Passage pro évoque, via le témoignage d’une personne accompagnée, l’apport des remédiations dans l’insertion professionnelle.
The Role of Partial Rotator Cuff Repairs in Patients With Massive Irreparable Tears Without Arthritis
Authors: Thomas Katie , Kendal Joseph K. , Ono Yohei , Lo Ian K. Y. , Bois Aaron J.
Published: November 2019

In patients with chronic massive rotator cuff tears, complete repair is often not achievable or the repair is performed under significant tension with risk of early failure. The goal of a partial rotator cuff repair is to decrease pain, restore force couples, and improve range of motion of the shoulder. A systematic review was performed to assess active range of motion (ie, forward elevation, external rotation), pain, and patient-reported outcome scores after partial repair of massive rotator cuff tears. Significant improvements in forward elevation, visual analog scale pain scores, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, and Constant scores were observed, and perioperative complication rates were minimal. Partial rotator cuff repairs remain a viable treatment option in this patient population. [
Orthopedics
. 2020; 43(1):e1–e7.]
Sterility of 3D-Printed Orthopedic Implants Using Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Skelley Nathan W. , Hagerty Michael P. , Stannard James T. , Feltz Kevin P. , Ma Richard
Published: November 2019

The use of 3-dimensional (3D) printing in orthopedics is developing rapidly and impacting the areas of preoperative planning, surgical guides, and simulation. As this technology continues to improve, the greatest impact of 3D printing may be in low- and middle-income countries where surgical items are in short supply. This study investigated sterility of 3D-printed ankle fracture fixation plates and cortical screws. The hypothesis was that the process of heated extrusion in fused deposition modeling printing would create sterile prints in a timely fashion that would not require postproduction sterilization. A free computer-assisted design program was used to design the implant models. One control group and 8 study groups were printed. Print construct, orientation, size, and postproduction sterilization differed among the groups. Sterility was assessed using thioglycollate broth cultures at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days. Positive growth was speciated for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Print time and failed prints were recorded. Control samples were 100% positive for bacterial growth. All test samples remained sterile at all time points (100%). Speciation of control samples was obtained, and
Staphylococcus
was the most common species. Print times varied; however, no print time exceeded 6.75 minutes. Eighteen prints (17%) failed in the printing process. These findings demonstrate an intrinsic sterilization process associated with fused deposition modeling 3D printing and indicate the feasibility of 3D-printed surgical implants and equipment for orthopedic applications. With future research, 3D-printed implants may be a treatment modality to assist orthopedic surgeons in low- and middle-income countries. [
Orthopedics
. 2020; 43(1): 46–51.]
Daily Postoperative Complete Blood Counts After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty May Not Always Be Necessary
Authors: Mostello Andrew J. , Tenpenny William , Lingamfelter Max , Wu Eddie S.
Published: November 2019

As the incidence of primary total hip and knee arthroplasties increases and reimbursement models shift toward a more quality-based model, orthopedic surgeons must focus on maintaining quality while containing costs. With current blood conservation strategies, serial laboratory testing after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) may not always be necessary. This study investigated the need for routine postoperative complete blood counts (CBCs) by determining preoperative and postoperative day 1 hemoglobin values that predict the need for a postoperative blood transfusion. Data were used to estimate potential cost savings. The medical records of all patients who underwent primary unilateral TJA performed by a single surgeon between October 2014 and September 2017 were reviewed. Patient demographic and procedural data were recorded, and statistical and cost analyses were performed. Of 108 TJAs, 9 (8.3%) patients received a blood transfusion during their postoperative inpatient stay. A preoperative hemoglobin value of 12.5 g/dL or less and a postoperative day 1 hemoglobin value of 10 g/dL or less were strong predictors of meeting the threshold transfusion trigger for a postoperative blood transfusion (area under the curve, 0.845 and 0.943, respectively). A 56% cost reduction ($845) could have been achieved by eliminating CBCs performed after postoperative day 1 in patients at low risk for transfusion. Patients with preoperative hemoglobin value levels greater than 12.5 g/dL and postoperative day 1 hemoglobin value levels greater than 10 g/dL may not require routine serial CBC monitoring after primary TJA. The cost savings in a high-volume joint center could be significant. [
Orthopedics
. 2020; 43(1): e31–e36.]
Prospective Evaluation of Cognitive Outcomes After Anesthesia for Patients in the Beach Chair Position
Authors: Boukhemis Karim , Perez Michael , Olness Erik , Hensley Jeremy L. , Lindstrom Jake , McDonough E. Barry , Bal George K.
Published: November 2019

The beach chair position has been popularized for shoulder surgeries, particularly those involving arthroscopy. Several published case reports and studies have raised concerns for neurologic complications related to anesthesia for surgery performed with patients in the beach chair position. The question has been raised whether cerebral perfusion monitoring should be used routinely to minimize these potential complications. This prospective study evaluated cognitive outcomes in patients who underwent anesthesia in the beach chair position. Patients were randomized to 2 groups. In group 1, the anesthesiologist was blinded to the cerebral monitoring and could treat based only on mean arterial pressure (MAP). In group 2, the anesthesiologist was aware of the results of the cerebral monitoring and could treat any desaturation events. All patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively with a cognitive assessment tool. A total of 80 patients were enrolled in the study, with 40 patients in each group. There were no significant differences regarding age, body mass index, or American Society of Anesthesiologists score. Only 3 desaturation events occurred with no significant change in cognitive function. The findings indicate no advantage to cerebral perfusion monitoring during anesthesia for surgery performed with patients in the beach chair position as long as MAP is maintained within strict limits. Although little is known about the level of cerebral desaturation that will result in cognitive dysfunction, it may likely be related to MAP and cerebral perfusion. The findings of this study reinforce the need for careful monitoring of MAP during surgery and dispute the need for additional expensive monitoring devices. [
Orthopedics
. 2020; 43(1):e27–e30.]
Besedni red v slovenskem narečnem diskurzu
Authors: Zuljan Kumar Danila
Published: November 2019

Besednemu redu se v slovenskem jezikoslovju v preteklosti ni posvečalo veliko pozornosti, čeprav je prva razprava na to temo izšla že v letih 1891–1892. Napisal jo je Matija Murko, ki je obravnaval besedni red pri naslonkah in naslonskem nizu. Večina razprav je v preteklosti analizirala besedni red v umetnostnih besedilih, šele v zadnjih petnajstih letih pa se na Slovenskem pojavljajo tudi razprave o besednem redu v spontanih govorjenih besedilih.Pričujoči prispevek obravnava besedni red v govorjenem narečnem jeziku glede na pravila stalne stave v slovenskem knjižnem jeziku, pri čemer se osredotoča samo na izbrana pravila stalne stave. Analiza besedil iz vseh slovenskih narečnih skupin je pokazala, da besednoredne značilnosti slovenskih narečnih govorjenih besedil lahko razdelimo v tri skupine. Prva skupina značilnosti, kot npr. izhodiščni položaj naslonk v izreku, je značilna za besedila iz vseh narečnih skupin, zato lahko rečemo, da gre za splošno značilnost slovenskega narečnega diskurza. Druga skupina zajema značilnosti, ki jih najdemo samo v besedilih določene narečne skupine, npr. ločena stava členka ne in glagola v primorskih narečjih ter stava preteklega deležnika glagola biti na koncu izreka v panonski narečni skupini. Tovrstne značilnosti lahko razumemo kot posebne značilnosti posameznih slovenskih narečnih diskurzov. Tretja skupina značilnosti pa so tiste značilnosti, ki jih sicer najdemo v besedilih vseh narečnih skupin, vendar pa se razlikujejo v pogostosti rabe, npr. stava levega ujemalnega pridevniškega prilastka in desnega samostalniškega prilastka in predložne zveze v samostalniški besedni zvezi ter stava osebne in neosebne glagolske oblike na koncu izreka. Pogostost rabe je v takih primerih tisto merilo, ki pokaže, ali je besednoredna značilnost ustaljena in jo zato lahko razumemo kot ustaljeno besednoredno različico v narečju oziroma narečno besednoredno pravilo ali pa je sporadična in kot taka rezultat osnovne zakonitosti govorjenega jezika, tj. kratkega načrtovalnega časa, ki ne dopušča premišljenega strukturiranja izrekov.
Zaporednost dejanj in njen vpliv na rabo glagolskega vida v slovenščini
Authors: Krvina Domen
Published: November 2019

Zaporednost dejanj dejanja v nizu medsebojno omejuje (meji zaprtega intervala, ki je na voljo za izvedbo dejanja, predstavljata predhodno in sledeče dejanje: (dn – 1[dn]dn + 1)),kar vodi k celostnemu, preglednemu pogledu nanje, ki ga izraža DV. Delež DV je visok že, ko stoji v zaporedju dejanj na vsaj treh mestih (slabih 70 % v korpusnem gradivu za sodobno stanje in slabih 60 % za stanje od 16. do začetka 20. stoletja), in še višji, ko stoji ob NDV na vsaj dveh mestih (85 % in 77 %). Prevlada DV je torej izrazita, medtem ko NDV, ki izraža trajanje dejanja, stoji zlasti na zadnjem mestu v nizu, ko dejanje poteka v polodprtem intervalu. Tako stanje v slovenščini vse od 16. stoletja dalje se dobro ujema z ugotovitvami nekaterih tujih raziskovalcev, ki za polpreteklo do sodobno stanje pri izražanju zaporednosti dejanj v slovenščini ugotavljajo, da se rabi večinoma DV, NDV pa je vendarle tudi možen (Dickey 2000: 203, 210, Petrukhina 2019: 42–43). Zaporednost dejanj se pojavlja zlasti v pripovedi o preteklosti – v pretekliku in kot historični sedanjik. Posebej v sedanjiku je pogosta še pri ponavljalnosti, splošni veljavnosti dejanja, tako tudi v navodilih in receptih.
Remarks on Slovene clitic sequences
Authors: Rath Alexander
Published: November 2019

Clitic sequencing in Slovene is mainly the ordering of clitic forms of the personal pronouns, which are usually bound to the second topological position in the Slovene sentence. This ordering corresponds to the type of sequence described by Wackernagel (1892) for the Indo-European languages in general. The first normative description of the inner syntax of Slovene clitic sequences was published by Škrabec (1895). His description was borrowed by Breznik (1916) and became part of the tradition of Slovene grammars that was continued by Toporišič in the second half of the twentieth century with his Slovene Grammar (Slovenska slovnica). Although Slovenska slovnica by Toporišič is regarded as a normative work, the interpretation that clitic combinations not listed in the work were, therefore, forbidden is at least questionable because Toporišič does not make this claim. In an examination of publicly available contemporary text corpora, we found a number of clitic combinations that are not covered by the grammar. Besides other combinations not mentioned in the grammar, we found mainly doubled accusatives, which occur for various reasons. For example, some tri-valent verbs take two accusatives instead of one accusative and one genitive, which is also a matter of historical change as with the verb učiti se ‘to learn.’ Interesting sequencing also occurs in sentences containing a finite and an infinite verb describing a complex event, e.g. ‘I see her carrying her daughter’ -> ‘I see her carrying her.’ Regarding this topic, linguistic variation is of great importance as the measure of acceptance might depend on dialectal and historical factors as well as on the degree of interactivity (spoken vs. written language, etc.) and genre. The examples listed in this article were presented to academic teachers of Slovene studies asking them for their opinion regarding the register of each sentence. Their comments and some additional analysis for every example are listed in this paper. As expected, there was no uniform opinion among them, which is another argument for additional research on Slovene sociolinguistics as well as on the clitic sequence in particular.
Conflict, Systems, and Approaches to Conflict Management
Authors: Pascal da Rocha Jose Pascal , Frazier Emily Babakanian
Published: November 2019

Leaders, managers, and high potential talents navigate all kinds of conflicts and situations, whether during organizational change, the implementation of a new organizational culture, negotiating with shareholders and suppliers, or just regular business operations. Oftentimes, conflicts are simple and easy to access and to address. But of recent, the advent of technology; the need to lead through innovation; and the drive to leaner, more matrixed organizations leads to new kinds of disruptions and conflictual situations. Thus, to navigate through the ebb and flow of communication and situations, the adaptive and flexible manager needs to have the right diagnosis of the conflict, foresee the prognosis of unresolved or resolved conflicts and implement the right therapy. Understanding conflict and the many ways on how conflict is enacted and addressed is an art. Therefore, this chapter addresses the plethora of conceptual framework around the notion of conflict, explores the intercultural dimensions of conflict, dissects the in- and out-group nature of conflict to finally offer a simple, yet effective framework to address even the most intractable of conflicts.
A Review of Philosophy of Conflict Resolution Approach in Tong-Il Moo-Do Martial Arts
Authors: Agustin Venus G. , Mirshahi Rahim
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine emerging literature for conflict resolution approaches through martial arts. Martial arts involvement is believed to provide positive learning opportunities for youth in general, as well as with regard to specific target groups. In particular, this study focuses on the cause and resolution of conflict philosophy in Tong-Il Moo-Do Martial Arts. To be precise, TIMD philosophy has categorized the root cause of conflict into three reasons: breakdown of interaction, ignoring the higher purpose, and accumulation of conflict.
Staphylococcus aureus–Derived PSMα Peptides Activate Neutrophil FPR2 but Lack the Ability to Mediate β-Arrestin Recruitment and Chemotaxis
Authors: Sundqvist Martina , Christenson Karin , Gabl Michael , Holdfeldt André , Jennbacken Karin , Møller Thor C. , Dahlgren Claes , Forsman Huamei
Published: November 2019

Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a G protein–coupled pattern recognition receptor sensing both mitochondrial- and bacterial-derived formylated peptides, including the PSMα toxins secreted by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Similar to many other FPR2 agonistic peptides, nanomolar concentrations of both PSMα2 and PSMα3 activate neutrophils to increase the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ and release NADPH oxidase–derived reactive oxygen species. In addition, the PSMα peptides induce FPR2 homologous desensitization, actin polymerization, and neutrophil reactivation through a receptor cross-talk mechanism. However, in contrast to conventional FPR2 agonistic peptides, including the host-derived formyl peptide MCT-ND4, we found that the PSMα peptides lacked the ability to recruit β-arrestin and induce neutrophil chemotaxis, supporting the previous notion that β-arrestin translocation is of importance for cell migration. Despite the lack of β-arrestin recruitment, the PSMα peptides induced an FPR2-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation and internalization. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship analysis with PSMα2 derivatives revealed critical roles of the first 3 aa linked to N-fMet as well as the C terminus of PSMα2 in promoting FPR2 to recruit β-arrestin. In summary, our data demonstrate a novel neutrophil activation pattern upon FPR2 sensing of PSMα peptides, signified by the ability to induce increased intracellular Ca2+, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, internalization, and NADPH oxidase activity, yet lack of β-arrestin recruitment and neutrophil chemoattraction. These novel features adopted by the PSMα peptides could be of importance for S. aureus virulence and might facilitate identification of new therapeutic strategies for treating S. aureus infections.
Effects of aerosol in simulations of realistic shallow cumulus cloud fields in a large domain
Authors: Spill George , Stier Philip , Field Paul R. , Dagan Guy
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Previous study of shallow convection has generally suffered from having to balance domain size with resolution, resulting in high-resolution studies which do not capture large-scale behaviour of the cloud fields. In this work we hope to go some way towards addressing this by carrying out cloud-resolving simulations on large domains.
Simulations of trade wind cumulus are carried out using the Met Office Unified Model (UM), based on a case study from the Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign.
The UM is run with a nested domain of 500 km with 500 m resolution, in order to capture the large-scale behaviour of the cloud field, and with a double-moment interactive microphysics scheme. Simulations are run using baseline aerosol profiles based on observations from RICO, which are then perturbed.
We find that the aerosol perturbations result in changes to the convective behaviour of the cloud field, with higher aerosol leading to an increase (decrease) in the number of deeper (shallower) clouds. However, despite this deepening, there is little increase in the frequency of higher rain rates. This is in contrast to the findings of previous work making use of idealised simulation setups. In further contrast, we find that increasing aerosol results in a persistent increase in domain mean liquid water path and decrease in precipitation, with little impact on cloud fraction.