bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of small‐group education on the shade determination ability of preclinical dental students—A controlled clinical trial
Authors: Corcodel N. , Krisam J. , Klotz A.‐L. , Deisenhofer U. K. , Stober T. , Hassel A. J. , Rammelsberg P. , Zenthöfer A.
Published: April 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of small‐group education including practical training on dental students’ shade determination performance compared with a control group.

Methods

Sixty‐three non‐colour‐blind preclinical students were asked to participate and belonged to an intervention (n = 31) and a control (n = 32) group, respectively. All students received a lecture on dental shade determination. The members of the intervention group were educated and practically trained in small groups in addition. Ten volunteers, each with unrestored upper right middle and lateral incisors, were recruited. The students of both the intervention and control groups were then asked to determine the colour of the volunteers’ test teeth using the 3D‐Master shade guide (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) under artificial daylight illumination. For analytical purposes, the CIE L*a*b* coordinates were obtained using a spectrophotometer. Colour differences, ΔE, between all shade tabs selected by the students and the natural teeth were calculated. ΔE observed in the intervention and control groups were compared using t tests. In addition, a multi‐level regression model was adjusted for age and gender.

Results

Mean (SD) ΔE between the shade tabs selected by the students and the natural teeth in the intervention and control groups were 3.8 (2.1) and 4.3 (2.3), respectively (P < .001). The effect of group membership was reproduced in multivariate analysis whereas age and gender did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

With more intensive education and practical training the ability to perform clinical shade determinations improved for students without previous clinical experience. The results obtained support the idea of implementing thematic small‐group education in the dental curriculum.
Positron emission tomography imaging of cerebral glucose metabolism and type 1 cannabinoid receptor availability during temporal lobe epileptogenesis in the amygdala kindling model in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Cleeren Evy , Casteels Cindy , Goffin Karolien , Koole Michel , Van Laere Koen , Janssen Peter , Van Paesschen Wim
Published: April 2018

Objective

We investigated changes in the endocannabinoid system and glucose metabolism during temporal lobe epileptogenesis.

Methods

Because it is rarely possible to study epileptogenesis in humans, we applied the electrical amygdala kindling model in nonhuman primates to image longitudinal changes in type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) binding and cerebral glucose metabolism. Two rhesus monkeys received [18F]‐MK‐9470 and fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography ([18F]‐FDG ‐PET) scans in each of the 4 kindling stages to quantify relative changes over time of CB1R binding and cerebral glucose metabolism in vivo. We constructed z‐score images relative to a control group (n = 8), and considered only those changes measured in both kindled animals by calculating the binary conjunction image per kindling stage.

Results

The seizure‐onset zone exhibited an increased CB1R binding and a decreased glucose metabolism, which both aggravated gradually in extent and intensity throughout kindling. The ipsilateral thalamus and insula showed hypometabolism that coincided with an increase and a decrease in CB1R binding, respectively. These changes also became gradually more severe throughout kindling and overlapped with ictal perfusion changes during the final stage of amygdala kindling, with hyperperfusion in the ipsilateral thalamus and hypoperfusion in the ipsilateral insula.

Significance

The observed changes in CB1R binding may reflect a combination of a protective mechanism of neurons against seizure activity that becomes stronger over time to combat more severe seizures, and on the other hand, a process of epileptogenesis that facilitates seizure activity and generalization, depending on the cell type involved in those specific regions. This study provides unique evidence that the CB1R is dynamically and progressively involved from the start of mesial temporal lobe epileptogenesis.
Insights from a text mining survey on Expert Systems research from 2000 to 2016
Authors: Cortez Paulo , Moro Sérgio , Rita Paulo , King David , Hall Jon
Published: April 2018

This study presents a literature analysis using a semiautomated text mining and topic modelling approach of the body of knowledge encompassed in 17 years (2000–2016) of literature published in the Wiley's Expert Systems journal, a key reference in Expert Systems (ESs) research, in a total of 488 research articles.

The methodological approach included analysing countries from authors' affiliations, with results emphasizing the relevance of both U.S. and U.K. researchers, with Chinese, Turkish, and Spanish holding also a significant relevance. As a result of the sparsity found on the keywords, one of our goals became to devise a taxonomy for future submissions under 2 core dimensions: ESs' methods and ESs' applications. Finally, through topic modelling, data‐driven methods were unveiled as the most relevant, pairing with evaluation methods in its application to managerial sciences, arts, and humanities. Findings also show that most of the application domains are well represented, including health, engineering, energy, and social sciences.
A genome‐wide association study of coping behaviors suggests FBXO45 is associated with emotional expression
Authors: Shimanoe C. , Hachiya T. , Hara M. , Nishida Y. , Tanaka K. , Sutoh Y. , Shimizu A. , Hishida A. , Kawai S. , Okada R. , Tamura T. , Matsuo K. , Ito H. , Ozaki E. , Matsui D. , Ibusuki R. , Shimoshikiryo I. , Takashima N. , Kadota A. , Arisawa K. , Uemura H. , Suzuki S. , Watanabe M. , Kuriki K. , Endoh K. , Mikami H. , Nakamura Y. , Momozawa Y. , Kubo M. , Nakatochi M. , Naito M. , Wakai K.
Published: April 2018

Individuals use coping behaviors to deal with unpleasant daily events. Such behaviors can moderate or mediate the pathway between psychosocial stress and health‐related outcomes. However, few studies have examined the associations between coping behaviors and genetic variants. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on coping behaviors in 14088 participants aged 35 to 69 years as part of the Japan Multi‐Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Five coping behaviors (emotional expression, emotional support seeking, positive reappraisal, problem solving and disengagement) were measured and analyzed. A GWAS analysis was performed using a mixed linear model adjusted for study area, age and sex. Variants with suggestive significance in the discovery phase (N = 6403) were further examined in the replication phase (N = 7685). We then combined variant‐level association evidence into gene‐level evidence using a gene‐based analysis. The results showed a significant genetic contribution to emotional expression and disengagement, with an estimation that the 19.5% and 6.6% variance in the liability‐scale was explained by common variants. In the discovery phase, 12 variants met suggestive significance (P < 1 × 10−6) for association with the coping behaviors and perceived stress. However, none of these associations were confirmed in the replication stage. In gene‐based analysis, FBXO45, a gene with regulatory roles in synapse maturation, was significantly associated with emotional expression after multiple corrections (P < 3.1 × 10−6). In conclusion, our results showed the existence of up to 20% genetic contribution to coping behaviors. Moreover, our gene‐based analysis using GWAS data suggests that genetic variations in FBXO45 are associated with emotional expression.
Effects of length of ensiling and maturity group on chemical composition and in vitro ruminal degradability of whole‐crop maize
Authors: Gerlach K. , Pfau F. , Pries M. , Hünting K. , Weiß K. , Richardt W. , Südekum K.‐H.
Published: April 2018

Nine hybrids (three maturity groups, dry matter 343 ± 5.6 g/kg) of whole‐crop maize were ensiled in eight replicates in laboratory‐scale silos. Each hybrid was sampled at harvest and after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days (d) of ensiling. Samples were analysed for chemical composition (proximate constituents, fermentation products and pH), starch, non‐protein N (NPN) and NH3‐N. Each sample and its neutral detergent fibre (NDF) fraction were incubated in the Hohenheim gas test system. In vitro gas production was measured after 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hr of incubation. Gas production of the neutral detergent soluble (NDS) fraction (mainly starch) was calculated using a curve subtraction method. Gas production dynamics over time were estimated using a nonlinear regression equation; afterwards, a two‐factorial analysis of variance (storage length, maturity group and their interaction) using the general linear models procedure was conducted. After 30 d, all silages were well fermented. Most fermentation products and proximate constituents only changed until 30 or maximum 60 d of ensiling. Only few changes in in vitro nutrient degradability were detected after the first 30 d or as influenced by maturity group. Ensiling per se increased the ruminal degradability of the NDS, but there was no further increase caused by a prolonged duration of storage. However, extensive changes in crude protein fractions occurred with a linear increase in NPN and NH3‐N compounds from 0 to 120 d of storage, indicating continual protein and amino acid degradation.
European repository of explicit criteria of potentially inappropriate medications in old age
Authors: Ivanova Ivana , Elseviers Monique , Wauters Maarten , Christiaens Thierry , Vander Stichele Robert
Published: April 2018

Aim

Lack of electronic assessment of medication lists in electronic health records is a barrier for more generalized use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) lists, designed for older adults. The aim was to construct a European repository of explicit criteria on PIM, suitable for electronic assessment.

Methods

PIM description, medication information, clinical information and level of evidence was entered. Criteria with unclear medication specifications were excluded. Too complex criteria were divided for more operable use.

Results

We selected three lists: the European Union (7)‐PIM (2015), STOPP/START (2014) and Beers criteria (2015). After exclusion and division, from 641 original criteria of the three PIM‐lists, a total of 650 criteria were entered (n = 282 from European Union (7)‐PIM, n = 201 from Beers and n = 167 from the STOPP/START list). Identification of the medication was possible with the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System for practically all criteria, except for 23 (3.5%). From all criteria, 63.9% required only medication‐related information. In 55.7% of the criteria, identification of the active substance(s) was the only medication data requirement and 8.2% required additional information (dose, duration, route of administration). From all criteria, 36.1% required clinical information, from which 17.8% requested disease information only, and 18.3% required additional information (indication, history of diseases, laboratory results or severity of diseases).

Conclusions

It was feasible to enter most of the original criteria of the three PIM lists into a repository of electronically applicable criteria. In the future, developers of new PIM lists should take into account semantic interoperability and consider the suitability of the criteria for electronic use. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1293–1297.
Continuous Improvement of a Groundwater Model over a 20‐Year Period: Lessons Learned
Authors: Andersen Peter F. , Ross James L. , Fenske Jon P.
Published: April 2018

Groundwater models developed for specific sites generally become obsolete within a few years due to changes in: (1) modeling technology; (2) site/project personnel; (3) project funding; and (4) modeling objectives. Consequently, new models are sometimes developed for the same sites using the latest technology and data, but without potential knowledge gained from the prior models. When it occurs, this practice is particularly problematic because, although technology, data, and observed conditions change, development of the new numerical model may not consider the conceptual model's underpinnings. As a contrary situation, we present the unique case of a numerical flow and trichloroethylene (TCE) transport model that was first developed in 1993 and since revised and updated annually by the same personnel. The updates are prompted by an increase in the amount of data, exposure to a wider range of hydrologic conditions over increasingly longer timeframes, technological advances, evolving modeling objectives, and revised modeling methodologies. The history of updates shows smooth, incremental changes in the conceptual model and modeled aquifer parameters that result from both increase and decrease in complexity. Myriad modeling objectives have included demonstrating the ineffectiveness of a groundwater extraction/injection system, evaluating potential TCE degradation, locating new monitoring points, and predicting likelihood of exceedance of groundwater standards. The application emphasizes an original tenet of successful groundwater modeling: iterative adjustment of the conceptual model based on observations of actual vs. model response.
Influence of alumina binders on adhesion and cohesion during preparation of Cu‐SAPO‐34/monolith catalysts
Authors: Kong Xiangli , Qiu Minghui , Wang Anran , Yang Lu , Zhou Rongfei , Fan Yiqun , Kong Deshuang , Gu Changjun
Published: April 2018

The adhesion and cohesion between the coating layers and the ceramic honeycombs are usually one of the key issues in the preparation of high‐performance zeolite‐based/Monolith catalysts. In this work, we investigate the deposition of high‐efficiency Cu‐SAPO‐34 catalyst on a cordierite monolith with special focus on the impact of alumina binders on the structure, mechanical adhesion and cohesion, and catalytic performance of the monolithic catalyst. Two kinds of alumina nanoparticles, α‐alumina and γ‐alumina, have no significant impacts on the Cu‐SAPO‐34 crystal structure, micropore morphology and catalytic activity. But washcoating experiments showed that the mass loss rate of the coating was less and the loading of the catalyst was higher when α‐alumina was used as the binder. The reason of improving the adhesion and cohesion strength is the suitable thermal shrinkage, the uniform distribution and densification structure of α‐alumina. Furthermore, optimization of the coating formulation with α‐alumina as the binder has been performed. Finally, the catalyst prepared under the optimal conditions was tested by SCR and a maximum conversion rate of 97.4% was obtained. It was concluded that the use of the washcoating method with α‐alumina does not affect catalytic performance while it increases bonding strength between substrate and catalysts.
CLIL and pedagogical innovation: Fact or fiction?
Authors: Pérez Cañado María Luisa
Published: April 2018

This article presents the outcomes of a large‐scale program evaluation into whether the pedagogical innovation which is associated theoretically to CLIL is actually trickling down to on‐the‐ground practice. To this end, three sets of questionnaires have been applied and semi‐structured interviews have been conducted with 2,633 teachers, students, and parents in three monolingual communities in Spain in order to carry out an in‐depth analysis of where we stand in the process of implementing CLIL methodology, materials, and evaluation. A detailed diagnosis is provided and within and across‐cohort comparisons are carried out. The outcomes reveal that considerable headway has been made in the implementation of CLIL methodology, materials, and evaluation, although problems still continue to surface affecting diversity, parental support, and teacher training.
Metal binding novel flaxseed peptides (linusorbs)
Authors: Jadhav Pramodkumar D. , Zuo Yang , Shim Youn Young , Shen Jianheng , Reaney Martin J. T. , Zhang Ning , Wang Yong
Published: April 2018

Linusorbs (LOs; a.k.a. cyclolinopeptides) are naturally occurring orbitides derived from flaxseed. These compounds consist of 8–10 amino acid residues, which are linked via an N‐ to C‐terminal peptide bond with molecular masses of approximately 1 kDa. The LO circular structure makes them candidates for metal binding studies. Flaxseed extracts are known to suppress Pb and Cd toxicity. Hence, four metal salts surveyed include Zn(CH3COO)2, ZnSO4, Pb(CH3COO)2 and Cd(NO3)2 with pure LOs 1–5. Proton NMR spectra indicated interaction of LOs with metal salts in solution and were used to determine impacts of methionine oxidation on interactions with metal ions. The methyl group of methionine S,S‐dioxide of related LOs did not show the same shift in the presence of Zn(CH3COO)2 and Pb(CH3COO)2 observed in their methionine S‐oxide analogues. Metal complexes were observed forming at 10−2 m to 10−4 m but not at lower concentrations (10−5 m to 10−8 m). Mass spectrometry data confirmed that metal binding strength varied by metal in the order Zn(CH3COO)2<Pb(CH3COO)2<ZnSO4<Cd(NO3)2.
The (gradual) rise of memory inflation
Authors: Klenerman Paul
Published: April 2018

Memory inflation, as a term, has been used for 15 years now to describe the longitudinal development of stable, expanded CD8+ T memory pools with a distinct phenotype and functional profile which emerge in specific infection and vaccine settings. These settings have in common the persistence of antigen, especially cytomegalovirus infection but also more recently adenoviral vector vaccination. However, in contrast to chronic infections which lead to “exhaustion” the repeated antigen encounters experienced by CD8+ T cells lead to development of a robust T‐cell population structure which maintains functionality and size. In this review, I will discuss how the ideas around this form of memory have evolved over time and some new models which can help explain how these populations are induced and sustained. These models are relevant to immunity against persistent viruses, to novel vaccine strategies and to concepts about aging.
Media Coverage and the Cross‐Section of Stock Returns: The Chinese Evidence
Authors: Zou Liping , Cao Kien Dinh , Wang Yishun
Published: April 2018

Using hand‐collected news headlines for a large sample of listed firms in China over a period of 2000–2015, we investigate the cross‐sectional relation between media coverage and stock returns. Our results document that no‐media coverage stocks earn 55 basis points a month higher than stocks that are featured in the media. This result is robust after controlling for common risk factors and is not driven by short‐run return reversals. Further analysis provides evidence to support the investor recognition hypothesis, suggesting that mass media may play an incremental role in providing a supplement to traditional channels of information dissemination. Therefore, results in this paper are of interests to both investors and regulators on drivers of stock returns.
Thermal‐cycle dependent residual stress within the crack‐susceptible zone in thermal barrier coating system
Authors: Jiang Peng , Fan Xueling , Sun Yongle , Wang Hongtao , Su Luochuan , Wang Tiejun
Published: April 2018

Nondestructive and accurate measurement of residual stress in ceramic coatings is challenging, but it is crucial to the assessment of coatings failure and life. In this study, for the first time, the thermal‐cycle dependent residual stress in an atmosphere plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating system has been nondestructively and accurately measured using photoluminescence piezo‐spectroscopy. Each thermal cycle consists of a 5‐minute heating held at 1150°C and a 3‐minute water quenching. The measurement was performed within a crack‐susceptible zone in the yttria‐stabilized‐zirconia (YSZ) top coat (TC) closely above the thermally grown oxide layer. A YSZ:Eu3+ sublayer was embedded in TC as a stress sensor. It was found that the initial residual stress was compressive, with a mean value of 240 MPa, which rapidly increased to 395 MPa after 5 thermal cycles (12.5% life) and then increased gradually to the peak of 473 MPa after 25 thermal cycles (62.5% life). After 30 thermal cycles (75% life), the mean stress dropped abruptly to 310 MPa and became highly heterogeneous, with gradual reduction toward final spallation. The heterogeneous stress distribution indicates that many microcracks nucleated at different locations and the spallation occurred due to the coalescence of the microcracks.
Partial Loss of Territory Due to Anthropogenic Climate Change: A Theory of Compensating for Losses in Political Self‐determination
Authors: Wündisch Joachim
Published: April 2018

The unique problem of lost territory poses one of the most important and complex challenges of compensating for loss and damage due to anthropogenic climate change. Anthropogenic climate change will cause a significant increase in the sea level for centuries to come. A rising sea level endangers many low‐lying coastal areas but also entire states. However, the inundation of an entire state will remain a rare event. Partial loss of territory will be far more pervasive. As measured by the number of states, the area of land, and, in particular, the number of people affected, the phenomenon of partial territorial loss is much more significant. I address this from the perspective of compensatory justice. In particular, I offer (i) background on basic concepts, (ii) an overview and critique of existing accounts, and propose (iii) a novel interpretation of territory as well as (iv) a corresponding criterion of a duty to compensate before (v) I flesh out the overall theory, (vi) take into consideration implications and details of application, and (vii) respond to potential objections.
Egg colouration predicts brood size, telomere length and body condition of spotless starling fledglings
Authors: Soler Juan J. , Ruiz‐Castellano Cristina , Figuerola Jordi , Martínez‐de la Puente Josué , Ruiz‐Rodríguez Magdalena , Tomás Gustavo
Published: April 2018

Understanding the impressive interspecific variation in avian eggshell colouration has attracted the attention of evolutionary ecologists for more than a century. Several functional explanations predict positive covariation between eggshell pigmentation and phenotypic quality of nestlings. We test this prediction in spotless starlings Sturnus unicolor by using biometric measurements and telomere length of hatchlings and fledglings as proxies of phenotypic quality. Female spotless starlings lay immaculate blue‐green eggs, a sexually selected signal directed to males. Pigmentation predicts positive associations with concentration of antioxidants and testosterone in the yolk and with paternal provisioning effort during nestling growth. Eggshell pigmentation (blue‐green chroma) is not associated with telomere length of hatchlings, which suggests weak maternal effects on this trait. However, we find negative associations of eggshell colouration with both body condition and telomere length of fledglings. Moreover, we find positive associations between eggshell colouration and clutch size, which suggests that sibling competition is higher in nests with more coloured eggshells. Previous works demonstrated that level of sibling competition is positively related to telomere erosion and, thus, the detected negative associations between eggshell colouration, body condition and telomere length of fledglings would reflect higher level of competition in nests with more coloured eggshells. We therefore speculate with the possibility that females that lay larger clutches also lay more coloured eggshells that elicit increased paternal provisioning effort and, thus, raise larger broods at the expense of telomere erosion of their offspring.
Effects of Entomopathogenic fungi and Bacillus thuringiensis‐based biopesticides on Spoladea recurvalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Opisa S. , du Plessis H. , Akutse K. S. , Fiaboe K. K. M. , Ekesi S.
Published: April 2018

Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius) is one of the most devastating pests of amaranths causing severe yield losses of 60%–100% to the crop. Unfortunately use of chemical pesticides is the most common control strategy that vegetable farmers rely on to control the pest. However, it is not effective and harmful to environmental and human health. Aiming to provide more environmentally friendly alternatives, this study evaluated the effects of various entomopathogenic fungal isolates and commercial based Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. kurstaki product Halt®, on the pest. Twenty‐four entomopathogenic fungal (EPF) isolates from three genera (14 Metarhizium anisopliae, 9 Beauveria bassiana and 1 lsaria fumosorosea) were screened in the laboratory to assess their pathogenicity against second instar larvae of S. recurvalis. Only M. anisopliae ICIPE 30 reached a moderate threshold, causing 58.3% larval mortality. All the 11 isolates (8 M. anisopliae, 2 B. bassiana and 1 l. fumosorosea) tested against adult S. recurvalis were pathogenic, with M. anisopliae ICIPE 30 and B. bassiana ICIPE 725 causing the highest mortality of 92% and 83%, respectively. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 30 had the shortest LT50 value of 4.8 days. Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. kurstaki product Halt® caused <50% mortality on S. recurvalis larvae. A consecutive application of M. anisopliae ICIPE 30 and Bt did not cause a significant increase in larval mortality compared to separate applications of both products. Results of this study suggest that M. anisopliae ICIPE 30 was the most potent candidate and could be used in an autodissemination approach for management of adult S. recurvalis.
Chicken giblets and wastewater samples as possible sources of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Prevalence, enterotoxin production, and antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Darwish Wageh Sobhy , Atia Amira Samir , Reda Lamiaa M. , Elhelaly Abdelazim Elsayed , Thompson Lesa A. , Saad Eldin Walaa Fathy
Published: April 2018

Staphylococcus aureus is an important foodborne pathogen that constitutes a major health hazard. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential health hazard of chicken products including giblets as a source of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The prevalence of coagulase‐positive multidrug‐resistant S. aureus in chicken breast meat, wings, giblets (livers and gizzards), and wastewater samples was investigated. Furthermore, expression of mecA in the identified isolates was screened using PCR. In addition, the expression of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) coding genes (A, B, C, and D) was investigated. The antibiogram of isolated S. aureus was further tested using the disk diffusion method. Results obtained showed that a 14% prevalence of S. aureus among the examined samples. Interestingly, all isolates were confirmed to be MRSA. SEA had the highest frequency among SEs in MRSA isolates. 78.57% of MRSA isolates showed multidrug resistance profiles.

Practical applications

This study demonstrated that chicken giblets and wastewater samples are potential sources for transmission of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the heat‐resistant staphylococcal enterotoxins to people. Additionally, the isolated MRSA showed variable degrees of antibiotic resistance. Accordingly, strict hygiene protocols should be followed during preparation of chicken products including giblets for human consumption. Furthermore, thorough cooking of chicken meat and giblets must be considered before serving to people.
Predictors and clinical outcomes of follow‐up loss in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Woo Dae Hyung , Kim Kyeong Ok , Kang Min Kyu , Lee Si Hyung , Jang Byung Ik , Kim Tae Nyeun
Published: April 2018

Background and Aim

Nonadherence is a risk factor of disease worsening in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed the frequency, predictors, and clinical outcomes of patients with IBD who are lost to follow‐up in outpatient clinics.

Methods

Medical records of 784 IBD patients visiting our IBD clinic between January 2010 and December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Overall, 285 newly diagnosed IBD patients who were followed up for at least 12 months were included in the analysis.

Results

For 285 IBD patients (161 ulcerative colitis and 124 Crohn's disease), the mean disease duration was 66.3 ± 34.0 months (7–137 months). Forty‐two patients (14.7%; 27 ulcerative colitis and 15 Crohn's disease) were lost to follow‐up. On multivariate regression analysis, travel time to clinic (odds ratio, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.63–3.45; P = 0.01) and C‐reactive protein levels at diagnosis (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.68; P = 0.01) were significantly associated with follow‐up loss. Among the 42 patients lost to follow‐up, 36 (85.7%) revisited the clinic. The cause of revisit was disease flare‐up in 22 patients (61.1%). Step‐up treatment was needed in 15 patients (41.7%). Steroid was introduced in 14 patients (38.9%). Azathioprine and an antitumor necrosis factor agent were newly prescribed in three patients (8.3%) and one patient (2.8%), respectively.

Conclusions

Follow‐up loss rate for IBD patients in remission state was 14.7%, and the predictors were far from hospital and low C‐reactive protein levels. Because most of follow‐up loss patients experienced flare‐up, clinicians need to try to encourage patients to keep their adherence.
Metabolic pharmacokinetics of early chronic alcohol consumption mediated by liver alcohol dehydrogenases 1 and 3 in mice
Authors: Okuda Takahisa , Haseba Takeshi , Katsuyama Midori , Maruyama Motoyo , Akimoto Toshio , Igarashi Tsutomu , Ohno Youkichi
Published: April 2018

Background and Aim

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) 1 and 3 are responsible for systemic alcohol metabolism. The current study investigated the contribution of liver ADH1 and ADH3 to the metabolic pharmacokinetics of chronic alcohol consumption (CAC).

Methods

The 9‐week‐old male mice of different ADH genotypes (wild‐type [WT], Adh1−/−, and Adh3−/−) were administered with 10% ethanol solution for 1 month, followed by acute ethanol administration (4.0 g/kg). The alcohol elimination rate (AER), area under the blood alcohol concentration curve (AUC), and the maximum blood alcohol concentration (Cmax) were calculated. The liver content, activity, and mRNA levels of ADH were evaluated.

Results

Chronic alcohol consumption increased the AER and reduced the AUC in all ADH genotypes. The increased ADH1 content was correlated with AER in WT mice but not in the Adh3−/− mice. Similarly, the increased ADH3 content was also correlated with AER in both WT and Adh1−/− mice. The Cmax was significantly higher in Adh3−/− control mice than in WT control mice. It decreased in the Adh1−/− mice by CAC along with an increase in the ADH3 content.

Conclusions

Alcohol dehydrogenases 1 and 3 would accomplish the pharmacokinetic adaptation to CAC in the early period. ADH1 contributes to the metabolic pharmacokinetics of CAC with a decrease in AUC in conjunction with an increase of AER by increasing the enzyme content in the presence of ADH3. ADH3 also contributes to a decrease in AUC in conjunction with not only an increase in AER but also a decrease in Cmax by increasing the enzyme content.
Municipio, sistema de cargo y autonomía indígena en Bolivia: el caso de Jesús de Machaca, departamento de La Paz
Authors: Fernández Francisca
Published: April 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es discutir sobre la configuración de Jesús de Machaca como municipio aymara, identificando los puntos de convergencia y conflicto entre el espacio municipal institucional y el sistema de cargo andino. Para ello se realizó una etnografía del Eestado a través del desarrollo de una serie de observaciones de campo y entrevistas a profundidad a distintos actores locales. En la primera parte se abordará la historia de Jesús de Machaca y su vinculación con el contexto histórico de Bolivia, y a continuación su conformación como municipio y la caracterización de la organización del ayllu y el sistema de cargo indígena, para finalizar con el análisis de la incidencia de la figura alcalde, la participación de los partidos políticos y la propuesta de autonomía indígena. [autonomía indígena; Aymara; Bolivia; municipio; sistema de cargo]
A Contextual Perspective on Associations Between Reported Parental Infidelity and Relational Ethics of the Adult Children
Authors: Kawar Codina , Coppola Jennifer , Gangamma Rashmi
Published: April 2018

This study's aim was to apply a Contextual theory lens on exploring whether knowledge of parental infidelity affects the Relational Ethics (RE) of adult children. The Relational Ethics Scale (RES) was used to capture horizontal (partner) and vertical (family of origin) relational ethics in a clinical sample of 195 participants. A repeated measures ANOVA tested the differences in RES scores among the participants who reported knowledge of parental infidelity and the participants who did not. Results showed that knowledge of parental infidelity is significantly associated with lower scores on the RES, which indicates problematic relationships, both in partners and with family of origin. Clinical implications on how parental infidelity can affect relational ethics are discussed.
Deformable torso phantoms of Chinese adults for personalized anatomy modelling
Authors: Wang Hongkai , Sun Xiaobang , Wu Tongning , Li Congsheng , Chen Zhonghua , Liao Meiying , Li Mengci , Yan Wen , Huang Hui , Yang Jia , Tan Ziyu , Hui Libo , Liu Yue , Pan Hang , Qu Yue , Chen Zhaofeng , Tan Liwen , Yu Lijuan , Shi Hongcheng , Huo Li , Zhang Yanjun , Tang Xin , Zhang Shaoxiang , Liu Changjian
Published: April 2018

In recent years, there has been increasing demand for personalized anatomy modelling for medical and industrial applications, such as ergonomics device development, clinical radiological exposure simulation, biomechanics analysis, and 3D animation character design. In this study, we constructed deformable torso phantoms that can be deformed to match the personal anatomy of Chinese male and female adults. The phantoms were created based on a training set of 79 trunk computed tomography (CT) images (41 males and 38 females) from normal Chinese subjects. Major torso organs were segmented from the CT images, and the statistical shape model (SSM) approach was used to learn the inter‐subject anatomical variations. To match the personal anatomy, the phantoms were registered to individual body surface scans or medical images using the active shape model method. The constructed SSM demonstrated anatomical variations in body height, fat quantity, respiratory status, organ geometry, male muscle size, and female breast size. The masses of the deformed phantom organs were consistent with Chinese population organ mass ranges. To validate the performance of personal anatomy modelling, the phantoms were registered to the body surface scan and CT images. The registration accuracy measured from 22 test CT images showed a median Dice coefficient over 0.85, a median volume recovery coefficient (RCvlm) between 0.85 and 1.1, and a median averaged surface distance (ASD) < 1.5 mm. We hope these phantoms can serve as computational tools for personalized anatomy modelling for the research community.
An evaluation of the antiaging properties of strawberry hydrolysate treatment enriched with L‐ascorbic acid applied with microneedle mesotherapy
Authors: Markiewicz Agata , Zasada Malwina , Erkiert‐Polguj Anna , Wieckowska‐Szakiel Marzena , Budzisz Elzbieta
Published: April 2018

Background

Mature skin is characterized by a loss of elasticity, hyperpigmentation, and dehydration. L‐ascorbic acid stimulates the synthesis of collagen type I, inhibits melanogenesis, and helps to maintain correct skin hydration. Combining microneedle mesotherapy with the application of preparations rich in vitamin C results in better therapeutic effects due to the improved absorption of active substances. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the application of strawberry hydrolysate enriched with L‐ascorbic acid using microneedle mesotherapy.

Materials and methods

Seventeen volunteers aged 45‐70 years underwent a series of four microneedle mesotherapy treatments with vitamin C serum, performed every 10 days. The 20% L‐ascorbic acid solution (pH = 3.5) was prepared immediately before application. After the treatment, the participants gave a subjective assessment of the effectiveness. Cutometer® was used to measure skin elasticity and firmness, Corneometer® to measure skin hydration, and Mexameter® skin tone.

Results

The results of the survey showed improvements in skin hydration and elasticity. In vivo studies confirmed the effectiveness of serum and the impact of the active substance on skin firmness and elasticity, the degree of hydration and skin tone.

Conclusion

Microneedling with vitamin C improves skin tone, hydratation and firmness, and decreases the visibility of hyperpigmentation.
Treatment of auricular keloids by triple combination therapy: Surgical excision, platelet‐rich plasma, and cryosurgery
Authors: Azzam Ehab Zaki , Omar Salma Samir
Published: April 2018

Background

Surgical excision alone for auricular keloids is frequently followed by recurrence making combining treatment options necessary.

Objective

We aimed to assess the long‐term efficacy of combining surgical excision, cryosurgery, and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in treatment of auricular keloids.

Methods

This interventional study was carried out on fifty auricular keloids in 50 patients. Patients were subjected to a combination therapy of surgical excision of the keloids, intraoperative cryosurgery, and PRP injections. The primary endpoint was defined as the number of patients who achieved major flattening of the keloid (reduction of more than 80% of the keloid) after a follow‐up of 12 months.

Results

After follow‐up of 12 months, 74% of the keloids achieved complete flattening in 10 cases and significant flattening in 14 cases. Thirty‐four of the 50 keloids (68%) were treated with only excision, cryosurgery, and PRP and did not relapse. Three keloids (6%) had minor relapse after the first treatment but were considered persistent major flattening at the end of the study. Three other keloids (6%) needed intralesional triamcinolone to achieve major or complete flattening without further relapse. Treatment failure was observed in 30% who achieved <30% reduction in their surface. Treatment side effects were transient pain and focal hypoesthesia.

Conclusions

This combination therapy was effective for treatment of auricular keloids, with a low recurrence rate and a favorable cosmetic outcome. Therapy was well tolerated and without significant side effects.
Exploring Interior Designers’ Research Utilization Strategies and Information–Seeking Behaviors
Authors: Huber Amy
Published: April 2018

Research findings that remain unknown to design practitioners stand little chance of improving their design processes or project outcomes. The research utilization gap is evident from both the perspectives of scholars and design practitioners. While design scholars have long lamented practitioners’ apparent indifference toward scholarly research, some interior designers and architects attribute their apathy to irrelevance. The few strategies that have been offered to reconcile this divide largely remain untested. Consequently, little is known about practitioner motivations for seeking information and their patterns of behavior while doing so.

This study used Pelz's Research Utilization Strategies and Hëinstrom's Information–Seeking Behaviors to gain a contemporary understanding of interior designers’ information preferences (i.e., their motivations for seeking information and their activities while doing so). Findings stemming from 104 commercial interior designers and managers suggest that designers value information, often seeking sources for their general enlightenment. However, analysis revealed a statistically significant preference for rapid reviewing processes. Differences were also revealed between information preferences and the age and experience of respondents, such that inexperienced designers were more likely to use information to confirm beliefs rather than explore a problem.

The apparent dichotomy between interior designers’ desire to seek information and their often cursory behaviors while reviewing it, suggests that scholars who aim to share their findings with practitioner audiences may need to reexamine their dissemination strategies. Findings suggest confusion surrounding the ethical and appropriate application of information within project settings and design educators may wish to emphasize the application of research in studio settings.
Boudoirs and Harems: The Seductive Power of Sophas
Authors: Çevik Gülen
Published: April 2018

This paper investigates the cultural influences between the East and the West (a contested set of geographic terms) through the boudoir and its furniture. The staple ingredient of the Rococo period (1723–1774), the pursuit of pleasure and happiness, produced spaces and furniture with an unprecedented attention to bodily comfort. In addition to Eastern–inspired furniture pieces, such as the sopha, divan, lit à la Turque (Turkish bed), lit de repos à la Turque (Turkish bed of rest), canapé à la Turque (Turkish couch), veilleuse à la Turque (Turkish sofa), veilleuse à la Ottomanne (Ottoman sofa), and ottomanne (ottoman) to be used in a chamber à la Turque (Turkish room) or elsewhere, there was one space every modern eighteenth–century upper–class woman needed: the boudoir. The boudoir was an exclusive space for females, informed by the late eighteenth– and nineteenth–century Western fascination with Orientalism. In spite of its so–called cultural superiority, the West at times turned to the East and found fertile ground for working out questions of gender identity and power. Encapsulating the experience of colonialism, the boudoir became the site for the repression and reconciliation of gender roles and biases. Furthermore, the eighteenth–century boudoir was a space where the modernization of interior space was underway due to the level of informality, personal privacy, and bodily comfort it afforded to its users.
Policy, Practicalities, and PACE s. 24: The Subsuming of the Necessity Criteria in Arrest Decision Making by Frontline Police Officers
Authors: Pearson Geoff , Rowe Mike , Turner Liz
Published: April 2018

PACE, as amended by the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005, establishes a complex framework of factors that police officers must consider during arrest decision making. Officers must possess a reason to arrest, it must be necessary to arrest for that reason, and they must give at least a ‘cursory consideration’ to alternatives. Based on a four‐year ethnographic study of frontline officers from two forces in Northern England, we argue that the 2005 reforms have not achieved their aims. The new regime tasks officers with undertaking a complex legal assessment prior to arrest, but officers are often confused about the necessity criteria which, moreover, is typically a minor consideration in contrast to demanding practical and policy pressures. This means that unlawful and non‐human‐rights‐compliant arrests continue to be regularly made and, equally significantly, many suspects are escaping the criminal justice system because officers are not considering arrest alternatives.
Doing It All? Mothers' College Enrollment, Time Use, and Affective Well‐being
Authors: Augustine Jennifer March , Prickett Kate C. , Negraia Daniela V.
Published: April 2018

The rising share of women in college with dependent children and growing emphasis on two‐generation policies for reducing socioeconomic inequality have galvanized research aimed at determining whether mothers' increased education can improve their and their children's well‐being. Yet as part of this effort, scholars have overlooked signs that mothers' college enrollment may not be unequivocally good for families. This research brief aims to bring greater attention to this side of the story. The authors analyze time diary (2003–2015) and well‐being data (2010, 2011, 2013) from the American Time Use Survey. The authors find that mothers in college experience a time squeeze that limits their time in caregiving, self‐care, and work, on one hand, and school‐related activities, on the other. This time squeeze may explain why mothers enrolled in college (compared with mothers who were not in school) also reported less happiness and more fatigue during activities with their children.
Potentially malignant disorders revisited—The lichenoid lesion/proliferative verrucous leukoplakia conundrum
Authors: Thomson Peter J. , Goodson Michaela L. , Smith Daniel R.
Published: April 2018

Background

Clinically identifiable potentially malignant disorders (PMD) precede oral squamous cell carcinoma development. Oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) are specific precursor lesions believed to exhibit both treatment resistance and a high risk of malignant transformation (MT).

Methods

A retrospective review of 590 PMD patients treated in Northern England by CO2 laser surgery between 1996 and 2014 was carried out. Lesions exhibiting lichenoid or proliferative verrucous features were identified from the patient database and their clinicopathological features and outcome post‐treatment determined at the study census date of 31 December 2014.

Results

One hundred and 98 patients were identified as follows: 118 OLL and 80 PVL, most frequently leukoplakia at ventrolateral tongue and floor of mouth sites, equally distributed between males and females. Most exhibited dysplasia on incision biopsy (72% OLL; 85% PVL) and were treated by laser excision rather than ablation (88.1% OLL; 86.25% PVL). OLL were more common in younger patients (OLL 57.1 year; PVL 62.25 years; P = .008) and more likely than PVL to present as erythroleukoplakia (OLL 15.3%; PVL 2.5%; P = .003). Whilst no significant difference was seen between OLL and PVL achieving disease‐free status (69.5% and 65%, respectively; P = .55), this was less than the overall PMD cohort (74.2%). MT was identified in 2 OLL (1.7%) and 2 PVL (2.5%) during follow‐up.

Conclusion

One‐third of PMD cases showed features of OLL or PVL, probably representing a disease presentation continuum. Post‐treatment disease‐free status was less common in OLL and PVL, although MT was infrequent.
Attitudes to variation in spoken Faroese
Authors: Bugge Edit
Published: April 2018

This paper presents results from a language attitude test in the Faroe Islands, a small country with considerable dialectal variation and no standard spoken language. The test used is a replica of the verbal guise test method that has been used through the SLICE research network, which includes a verbal guise test to elicit reactions to five regional varieties of Faroese and a label ranking task to elicit statements on language variation. There were 203 Faroese 15‐year‐old students tested. The results from the label ranking task indicate a common notion of a national Faroese dialect hierarchy that favors that of the capital. However, the reaction patterns in the verbal guise test reflect no such hierarchy. The Faroese results thus diverge from the evaluation patterns found in a number of comparable European verbal guise tests, yet are similar to the patterns found in one European test locality: Western Norway.