bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
lgl Regulates the Hippo Pathway Independently of Fat/Dachs, Kibra/Expanded/Merlin and dRASSF/dSTRIPAK
Authors: Parsons Linda , Grzeschik Nicola , Richardson Helena
Published: April 2014

In both Drosophila and mammalian systems, the Hippo (Hpo) signalling pathway controls tissue growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core pathway consists of a protein kinase Hpo (MST1/2 in mammals) that is regulated by a number of upstream inputs including Drosophila Ras Association Factor, dRASSF. We have previously shown in the developing Drosophila eye epithelium that loss of the apico-basal cell polarity regulator lethal-(2)-giant-larvae (lgl), and the concomitant increase in aPKC activity, results in ectopic proliferation and suppression of developmental cell death by blocking Hpo pathway signalling. Here, we further explore how Lgl/aPKC interacts with the Hpo pathway. Deregulation of the Hpo pathway by Lgl depletion is associated with the mislocalization of Hpo and dRASSF. We demonstrate that Lgl/aPKC regulate the Hpo pathway independently of upstream inputs from Fat/Dachs and the Kibra/Expanded/Merlin complex. We show depletion of Lgl also results in accumulation and mislocalization of components of the dSTRIPAK complex, a major phosphatase complex that directly binds to dRASSF and represses Hpo activity. However, depleting dSTRIPAK components, or removal of dRASSF did not rescue the lgl−/− or aPKC overexpression phenotypes. Thus, Lgl/aPKC regulate Hpo activity by a novel mechanism, independently of dRASSF and dSTRIPAK. Surprisingly, removal of dRASSF in tissue with increased aPKC activity results in mild tissue overgrowth, indicating that in this context dRASSF acts as a tumor suppressor. This effect was independent of the Hpo and Ras Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways, suggesting that dRASSF regulates a novel pathway to control tissue growth.
Co and In Doped Ni-Mn-Ga Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys: A Thorough Structural, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Study
Authors: Fabbrici Simone , Porcari Giacomo , Cugini Francesco , Solzi Massimo , Kamarad Jiri , Arnold Zdenek , Cabassi Riccardo , Albertini Franca
Published: April 2014

In Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys, Co-doping plays a major role in determining a peculiar phase diagram where, besides a change in the critical temperatures, a change of number, order and nature of phase transitions (e.g., from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic or from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic, on heating) can be obtained, together with a change in the giant magnetocaloric effect from direct to inverse. Here we present a thorough study of the intrinsic magnetic and structural properties, including their dependence on hydrostatic pressure, that are at the basis of the multifunctional behavior of Co and In-doped alloys. We study in depth their magnetocaloric properties, taking advantage of complementary calorimetric and magnetic techniques, and show that if a proper measurement protocol is adopted they all merge to the same values, even in case of first order transitions. A simplified model for the estimation of the adiabatic temperature change that relies only on indirect measurements is proposed, allowing for the quick and reliable evaluation of the magnetocaloric potentiality of new materials starting from readily available magnetic measurements.
Acoustic Wave Velocity as a Selection Trait in Eucalyptus nitens
Authors: Blackburn David , Hamilton Matthew , Williams Dean , Harwood Chris , Potts Brad
Published: April 2014

Previous studies in Eucalyptus nitens have revealed favourable genetic correlations exist between acoustic wave velocity (AWV) in standing trees and modulus of elasticity (MOE), which can determine the suitability of trees for structural timber and/or engineered wood products. This study investigates the strength and stability of genetic variation in standing tree AWV across a range of environments in Tasmania, where there are a number of large plantation estates and breeding trials. Trees under study were from open-pollinated progeny trials established in 1993. Across sites, for standing tree AWV the ranking of E. nitens races did not change and within-race additive genetic correlations were strong (0.61 to 0.99). Heritabilities (0.16 to 0.74) and coefficients of additive genetic variation (2.6 to 4.8) were moderate for this trait. Correlations between standing tree AWV and both basic density and diameter at breast height (DBH) were favourable. Results indicate that there is potential to improve MOE in E. nitens through the exploitation of genetic variation in AWV among and within races, the expression of genetic variation in AWV is relatively stable across different growing environments, and past selection for basic density and growth in pulpwood breeding programs is unlikely to have adversely affected MOE.
Design of a Real-Time and Continua-Based Framework for Care Guideline Recommendations
Authors: Lin Yu-Feng , Shie Hsin-Han , Yang Yi-Ching , Tseng Vincent
Published: April 2014

Telehealth is an important issue in the medical and healthcare domains. Although a number of systems have been developed to meet the demands of emerging telehealth services, the following problems still remain to be addressed: (1) most systems do not monitor/predict the vital signs states so that they are able to send alarms to caregivers in real-time; (2) most systems do not focus on reducing the amount of work that caregivers need to do, and provide patients with remote care; and (3) most systems do not recommend guidelines for caregivers. This study thus proposes a framework for a real-time and Continua-based Care Guideline Recommendation System (Cagurs) which utilizes mobile device platforms to provide caregivers of chronic patients with real-time care guideline recommendations, and that enables vital signs data to be transmitted between different devices automatically, using the Continua standard. Moreover, the proposed system adopts the episode mining approach to monitor/predict anomalous conditions of patients, and then offers related recommended care guidelines to caregivers so that they can offer preventive care in a timely manner.
Three-Dimensional Microstructural Properties of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Films
Authors: Miettinen Arttu , Chinga-Carrasco Gary , Kataja Markku
Published: April 2014

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) films have potential as oxygen barriers for, e.g., food packaging applications, but their use is limited by their hygroscopic characteristics. The three-dimensional microstructure of NFC films made of Pinus radiata (Radiata Pine) kraft pulp fibres has been assessed in this study, considering the structural development as a function of relative humidity (RH). The surface roughness, micro-porosity, thickness and their correlations were analyzed using X-ray microtomography (X–μCT) and computerized image analysis. The results are compared to those from scanning electron microscopy and laser profilometry. Based on a series of films having varying amounts of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidated nanofibrils, it was demonstrated that X–μCT is suitable for assessing the surface and bulk 3D microstructure of the cellulose films. Additionally, one of the series was assessed at varying humidity levels, using the non-destructive capabilities of X–μCT and a newly developed humidity chamber for in-situ characterization. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the films (20 g=m2) was below 3:7mLm-2 day-1 at humidity levels below 60% RH. However, the OTR increased considerably to 12:4mLm-2 day-1 when the humidity level increased to 80% RH. The increase in OTR was attributed to a change of the film porosity, which was reflected as an increase in local thickness. Hence, the characterization techniques applied in this study shed more light on the structures of NFC films and how they are affected by varying humidity levels. It was demonstrated that in increasing relative humidity the films swelled and the oxygen barrier properties decreased.
The Effects of the CCR6/CCL20 Biological Axis on the Invasion and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Du Dongshu , Liu Yeliu , Qian Haixin , Zhang Bo , Tang Xiaojun , Zhang Ti , Liu Weidong
Published: April 2014

Chemokines and their receptors have recently been shown to play major roles in cancer metastasis. Chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) and its ligand, CCL20, were highly expressed in a variety of human cancers. In our present study, we aimed to clarify whether CCR6/CCL20 was correlated with the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that CCR6 was overexpressed in different invasive potential HCC cell lines (p < 0.05), while the expression of CCL20 had no obvious difference (p > 0.05). CCR6 was suppressed by siRNA in HCCLM6, and then the biological behaviors of HCCLM6 cells were observed. The results showed that the CCR6/CCL20 biological axis increased the capacity of proliferation and adhesion, as well as the chemotactic migration and the level of cytokines related to degraded extracellular matrix. In conclusion, these findings indicate that CCR6 indeed participates in regulating the migration and invasion of HCC, and it might become a prognostic factor of HCC.
The Role of Pericytes in Neurovascular Unit Remodeling in Brain Disorders
Authors: ElAli Ayman , Thériault Peter , Rivest Serge
Published: April 2014

Neurons are extremely vulnerable cells that tightly rely on the brain’s highly dynamic and complex vascular network that assures an accurate and adequate distribution of nutrients and oxygen. The neurovascular unit (NVU) couples neuronal activity to vascular function, controls brain homeostasis, and maintains an optimal brain microenvironment adequate for neuronal survival by adjusting blood-brain barrier (BBB) parameters based on brain needs. The NVU is a heterogeneous structure constituted by different cell types that includes pericytes. Pericytes are localized at the abluminal side of brain microvessels and contribute to NVU function. Pericytes play essential roles in the development and maturation of the neurovascular system during embryogenesis and stability during adulthood. Initially, pericytes were described as contractile cells involved in controlling neurovascular tone. However, recent reports have shown that pericytes dynamically respond to stress induced by injury upon brain diseases, by chemically and physically communicating with neighboring cells, by their immune properties and by their potential pluripotent nature within the neurovascular niche. As such, in this paper, we would like to review the role of pericytes in NVU remodeling, and their potential as targets for NVU repair strategies and consequently neuroprotection in two pathophysiologically distinct brain disorders: ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Impact of Information Technology on the Therapy of Type-1 Diabetes: A Case Study of Children and Adolescents in Germany
Authors: Berndt Rolf-Dietrich , Takenga Claude , Preik Petra , Kuehn Sebastian , Berndt Luise , Mayer Herbert , Kaps Alexander , Schiel Ralf
Published: April 2014

Being able to manage and adjust insulin doses is a key part of managing type-1 diabetes. Children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus often have serious difficulties with this dosage adjustment. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of using novel mobile, web and communication technologies in assisting their therapy and treatment. A trial was conducted in the north-eastern part of Germany to evaluate the impact of the “Mobil Diab”, a mobile diabetes management system, on the clinical outcome. 68 subjects aged between 8 and 18 years, divided randomly into control and intervention groups, were included into the study. Metrics such as changes in the quality of metabolic control, changes in psychological parameters, usability and acceptance of the technology were used for evaluation purpose. Metabolic control was mainly assessed by the mean HbAlc. Analysis showed a good acceptance of the proposed system. An overall improvement in mean levels of HbA1c was observed, however further studies will be conducted to prove evidence of the weight and BMI improvements. Moreover, initial indications of positive impact on the improvement in psychological parameters were presumed based on the result of the conducted study. The system appeared to be an efficient and time saving tool in diabetes management.
Mapping Changes in a Recovering Mine Site with Hyperspectral Airborne HyMap Imagery (Sotiel, SW Spain)
Authors: Buzzi Jorge , Riaza Asunción , García-Meléndez Eduardo , Weide Sebastian , Bachmann Martin
Published: April 2014

Hyperspectral high spatial resolution HyMap data are used to map mine waste from massive sulfide ore deposits, mostly abandoned, on the Iberian Pyrite Belt (southwest Spain). Mine dams, mill tailings and mine dumps in variable states of pyrite oxidation are recognizable. The interpretation of hyperspectral remote sensing requires specific algorithms able to manage high dimensional data compared to multispectral data. The routine of image processing methods used to extract information from hyperspectral data to map geological features is explained, as well as the sequence of algorithms used to produce maps of the mine sites. The mineralogical identification capability of algorithms to produce maps based on archive spectral libraries is discussed. Trends of mineral growth differ spectrally over time according to the geological setting and the recovery state of the mine site. Subtle mineralogical changes are enhanced using the spectral response as indicators of pyrite oxidation intensity of the mine waste piles and pyrite mud tailings. The changes in the surface of the mill tailings deserve a detailed description, as the surfaces are inaccessible to direct observation. Such mineralogical changes respond faithfully to industrial activities or the influence of climate when undisturbed by human influence.
Three New Triterpene Esters from Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) Seeds
Authors: Kikuchi Takashi , Ueda Shinsuke , Kanazawa Jokaku , Naoe Hiroki , Yamada Takeshi , Tanaka Reiko
Published: April 2014

Three new multiflorane-type triterpene esters, i.e. 7α-hydroxymultiflor-8-ene-3α,29-diol 3-acetate-29-benzoate (1), 7α-methoxymultiflor-8-ene-3α,29-diol 3,29-dibenzoate (2), and 7β-methoxymultiflor-8-ene-3α,29-diol 3,29-dibenzoate (3), were isolated from seeds of Cucurbita maxima, along with the known compound, multiflora-7,9(11)-diene-3α,29-diol 3,29-dibenzoate (4). Compound 1 exhibited melanogenesis inhibitory activities comparable with those of arbutin. In cytotoxicity assays, compounds 1 and 3 exhibited weak cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 34.5–93.7 μM against HL-60 and P388 cells.
In Vivo Monitoring of the Antiangiogenic Effect of Neurotensin Receptor-Mediated Radiotherapy by Small-Animal Positron Emission Tomography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Maschauer Simone , Ruckdeschel Tina , Tripal Philipp , Haubner Roland , Einsiedel Jürgen , Hübner Harald , Gmeiner Peter , Kuwert Torsten , Prante Olaf
Published: April 2014

The neurotensin receptor (NTS1) has emerged as an interesting target for molecular imaging and radiotherapy of NTS-positive tumors due to the overexpression in a range of tumors. The aim of this study was to develop a 177Lu-labeled NTS1 radioligand, its application for radiotherapy in a preclinical model and the imaging of therapy success by small-animal positron emission tomography (µPET) using [68Ga]DOTA-RGD as a specific tracer for imaging angiogenesis. The 177Lu-labeled peptide was subjected to studies on HT29-tumor-bearing nude mice in vivo, defining four groups of animals (single dose, two fractionated doses, four fractionated doses and sham-treated animals). Body weight and tumor diameters were determined three times per week. Up to day 28 after treatment, µPET studies were performed with [68Ga]DOTA-RGD. At days 7–10 after treatment with four fractionated doses of 11–14 MBq (each at days 0, 3, 6 and 10), the tumor growth was slightly decreased in comparison with untreated animals. Using a single high dose of 51 MBq, a significantly decreased tumor diameter of about 50% was observed with the beginning of treatment. Our preliminary PET imaging data suggested decreased tumor uptake values of [68Ga]DOTA-RGD in treated animals compared to controls at day 7 after treatment. This pilot study suggests that early PET imaging with [68Ga]DOTA-RGD in radiotherapy studies to monitor integrin expression could be a promising tool to predict therapy success in vivo. Further successive PET experiments are needed to confirm the significance and predictive value of RGD-PET for NTS-mediated radiotherapy.
Quantifying Spatial Heterogeneity in Urban Landscapes: Integrating Visual Interpretation and Object-Based Classification
Authors: Zhou Weiqi , Cadenasso Mary. , Schwarz Kirsten , Pickett Steward
Published: April 2014

Describing and quantifying the spatial heterogeneity of land cover in urban systems is crucial for developing an ecological understanding of cities. This paper presents a new approach to quantifying the fine-scale heterogeneity in urban landscapes that capitalizes on the strengths of two commonly used approaches—visual interpretation and object-based image analysis. This new approach integrates the ability of humans to detect pattern with an object-based image analysis that accurately and efficiently quantifies the components that give rise to that pattern. Patches that contain a mix of built and natural land cover features were first delineated through visual interpretation. These patches served as pre-defined boundaries for finer-scale segmentation and classification of within-patch land cover features which were classified using object-based image analysis. Patches were then classified based on the within-patch proportion cover of features. We applied this approach to the Gwynns Falls watershed in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The object-based classification approach proved to be effective for classifying within-patch land cover features. The overall accuracy of the classification maps of 1999 and 2004 were 92.3% and 93.7%, respectively. This exercise demonstrates that by integrating visual interpretation with object-based classification, the fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in urban landscapes and land cover change can be described and quantified in a more efficient and ecologically meaningful way than either purely automated or visual methods alone. This new approach provides a tool that allows us to quantify the structure of the urban landscape including both built and non-built components that will better accommodate ecological research linking system structure to ecological processes.
Design of a Broadband Electrical Impedance Matching Network for Piezoelectric Ultrasound Transducers Based on a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: An Jianfei , Song Kezhu , Zhang Shuangxi , Yang Junfeng , Cao Ping
Published: April 2014

An improved method based on a genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to design a broadband electrical impedance matching network for piezoelectric ultrasound transducer. A key feature of the new method is that it can optimize both the topology of the matching network and perform optimization on the components. The main idea of this method is to find the optimal matching network in a set of candidate topologies. Some successful experiences of classical algorithms are absorbed to limit the size of the set of candidate topologies and greatly simplify the calculation process. Both binary-coded GA and real-coded GA are used for topology optimization and components optimization, respectively. Some calculation strategies, such as elitist strategy and clearing niche method, are adopted to make sure that the algorithm can converge to the global optimal result. Simulation and experimental results prove that matching networks with better performance might be achieved by this improved method.
Remarques sur la géomorphologie littorale de l'archipel maltais
Authors: Guilcher André , Paskoff Roland
Published: April 2014

Résumé. - La note caractérise la diversité des formes côtières de l'archipel maltais : modelé de corrosion littorale du calcaire, calanques, dolines ennoyées, amphithéâtres. Elle décrit aussi des plates-formes et des dépôts littoraux qui datent probablement d'épisodes successifs du Pleistocene supérieur.
Un aspect dynamique de l'économie des pays rhénans, la navigation aérienne
Authors: Reitel François
Published: April 2014

Résumé. L'activité aérienne a renforcé l'unité de l'espace rhénan. Elle est due à quatre compagnies principales et à douze aéroports. Le trafic passagers a dépassé 32 millions de personnes en 1972.
L'espace vécu dans les grands ensembles
Authors: Metton Alain
Published: April 2014

Résumé. - L'auteur montre que dans les grands ensembles planifiés de la région parisienne, l'espace de vie des habitants se réduit à quelques combinaisons d'espaces d'usage monofonctionnels, situés à proximité immédiate du domicile et dépourvus de la dimension affective traditionnelle des espaces collectifs.
Le karst de Narinda (Madagascar)
Authors: Rossi Georges
Published: April 2014

Abstract. - Measuring during two years in North Madagascar brings us the proof that tropical dissolution is not so low, and that the highest values of CO3Ca content occur during the rainy season. There is a connection between the karstic topography and the lithological fades.
Quelques aspects de la vie rurale et urbaine de la Corée (du Sud)
Authors: Delvert Jean
Published: April 2014

Abstract. - Korea is but poorly known by French Geographers. The paper tells about one of the most peculiar aspects of this country (the rural house) and about modern aspects of both rural and urban life in the Republic of Korea (ROK).
Milieux de vie et modes de vie : les enquêtes menées au laboratoire de géographie humaine sur les modes de vie des retraités
Authors: Cribier F.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. - Based on a statistical sample of 258 retired people native of Paris, the factor analysis shows three social groups : low class people who never succeeded ; workmen and technicians with good wages ; middle class with satisfying retiring pensions.
Utilisation des milieux lacustres en milieu désertique pour la reconstitution des oscillations climatiques holocènes
Authors: Gasse Françoise
Published: April 2014

The Afar, in the horn of Africa, is at present a desert region. During the Holocene, it has undergone two major lacustrine phases (whose maxima are dated respectively 9.400-8.400 B.P. and 7.000-6.000 B.P.) and a smaller transgression around 2.500-1.000 B.P. The water level fluctuations of these lakes can be traced from strandline sequences, while the changing palaeoenvironments can be reconstructed from their sedimentary fades and diatom floras. The evolution of the Afar lakes is compared with other lakes in intertropical Africa.
La zoogéographie des régions occidentales de la Loire moyenne. Problèmes méthodologiques
Authors: Couderc Jean-Marie
Published: April 2014

El estudio zoogeografico de una region mes grande que un departamento de superficie media plantea problemas metodolôgicos. El primer estadio es él de la informaciôn para realizar un inventario de las especies, de sus biotopos, y un esbozo de los agrupamientos. Para conseguirlo se puede enviar cuestionarios a las sociedades de cazà, de pesca etc. hacer sondeos, cosechas y enumeraciones. El segundo estadio es la elaboraciôn de las fuentes con una chtica de los datos y su representaciôn grâfica y cartogrâfica (mapas de densidades, a veces por municipios, mapas de espe cies escasas, cortes biocenoticos etc.). El tercer estadio es la explotacion de estos documentos. Facilitan la jerarquizaciôn de las zonas ecolôgicas segûn su potencial biolôgico, contribuyen a définir tipos de paisajes segûn si dinâmica, y permiten mejor protecciôn de sitios amenazados.
Diversité des exploitations agricoles en Grande Sologne
Authors: Gillardot Pierre
Published: April 2014

En Sologne voisinent des exploitations disparates tant par leurs tailles et le statut des exploitants que par la variété des orientations choisies et des résultats obtenus. Un nombre élevé d'exploitants pratique une ou plusieurs activités en dehors de l'agriculture. Cette situation s'explique par le recul de l'agriculture devant la chasse et par des disparités dans la disponibilité en capitaux. Le problème des exploitations n'est qu'un des éléments d'un problème régional, posé par le déséquilibre socio-économique qui a commencé à se manifester entre les deux guerres et qui est aujourd'hui vivement ressenti par les Solognots.
Les exploitations agricoles du Nord de la Touraine assujetties à la T.V.A
Authors: Maury R.
Published: April 2014

Une géographie des revenus serait souhaitable pour l'étude des activités économiques des pays développés. Par l'intermédiaire de la T.V.A. à laquelle se sont assujettis de nombreux agriculteurs de Touraine, on peut constater que ceux-ci sont plus jeunes, avec des exploitations plus vastes, mais que la polyculture avec élevage laitier n'est pas rentable.
Sur le bassin néogène de Doué-la-Fontaine
Authors: Yvard J.-C.
Published: April 2014

L'épaisseur notable de calcaire falunien (quelque 20 m) constituant le bassin helvétien de Doué-la-Fontaine (ar. Saumur), ne résulterait pas d'une disposition tectonique relativement affaissée par failles - donc protégée contre l'érosion - mais, à l'opposé, du comblement par des formations marines d'une ancienne dépression fluviatile dépendant de l'auréole cénomanienne de l'Anjou méridional.
Role and Regulation of β-Catenin Signaling During Physiological Liver Growth
Authors: Monga Satdarshan (Paul) Singh
Published: April 2014

Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays key roles not only during development but also in adult tissue homeostasis. This is also evident in liver biology where many temporal roles of β-catenin have been identified during hepatic development, where, in hepatic progenitors or hepatoblasts,
it is a key determinant of proliferation and eventually differentiation to mature hepatocytes, while also playing an important role in bile duct homeostasis. β-Catenin signaling cascade is mostly quiescent in hepatocytes in an adult liver except in the centrizonal region of a hepatic
lobule. This small rim of hepatocytes around the central vein show constitutive β-catenin activation that in turn regulates expression of genes whose products play an important role in ammonia and xenobiotic metabolism. Intriguingly, β-catenin can also undergo activation in hepatocytes
after acute liver loss secondary to surgical or toxicant insult. Such activation of this progrowth protein is observed as nuclear translocation of β-catenin and formation of its complex with the T-cell factor (TCF) family of transcription factors. Expression of cyclin-D1, a key inducer
of transition from the G1 to S phase of cell cycle, is regulated by β-catenin‐TCF complex. Thus, β-catenin activation is absolutely critical in the normal regeneration process of the liver as shown by studies in several models across various species. In the current
review, the temporal role and regulation of β-catenin in liver development, metabolic zonation in a basal adult liver, and during the liver regeneration process will be discussed. In addition, the probability of therapeutically regulating β-catenin activity as a possible future treatment
strategy for liver insufficiency will also be discussed.
Emerging Insights Into the Role of MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Haga Hiroaki , Yan Irene , Takahashi Kenji , Wood Joseph , Patel Tushar
Published: April 2014

The microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are potent regulators of gene expression and can regulate several diverse biological functions. This minireview provides an overview of recent studies that have examined the role and involvement of miRNAs in cholangiocarcinomas. These
studies provide evidence for deregulated expression of miRNA and are providing new insights into the potential contribution of these in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma.
Encapsulation of nanoparticles into single-crystal ZnO nanorods and microrods
Authors: Liu Jinzhang , Notarianni Marco , Rintoul Llew , Motta Nunzio
Published: April 2014

One-dimensional single crystal incorporating functional nanoparticles of other materials could be an interesting platform for various applications. We studied the encapsulation of nanoparticles into single-crystal ZnO nanorods by exploiting the crystal growth of ZnO in aqueous solution. Two types of nanodiamonds with mean diameters of 10 nm and 40 nm, respectively, and polymer nanobeads with size of 200 nm have been used to study the encapsulation process. It was found that by regrowing these ZnO nanorods with nanoparticles attached to their surfaces, a full encapsulation of nanoparticles into nanorods can be achieved. We demonstrate that our low-temperature aqueous solution growth of ZnO nanorods do not affect or cause degradation of the nanoparticles of either inorganic or organic materials. This new growth method opens the way to a plethora of applications combining the properties of single crystal host and encapsulated nanoparticles. We perform micro-photoluminescence measurement on a single ZnO nanorod containing luminescent nanodiamonds and the spectrum has a different shape from that of naked nanodiamonds, revealing the cavity effect of ZnO nanorod.
Conformational analysis of 2,2-difluoroethylamine hydrochloride: double gauche effect
Authors: Silla Josué M , Duarte Claudimar J , Cormanich Rodrigo A , Rittner Roberto , Freitas Matheus P
Published: April 2014

The gauche effect in fluorinated alkylammonium salts is well known and attributed either to an intramolecular hydrogen bond or to an electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nitrogen and the vicinal electronegative fluorine atom. This work reports the effect of adding a fluorine atom in 2-fluoroethylamine hydrochloride on the conformational isomerism of the resulting 2,2-difluoroethylamine chloride (2). The analysis was carried out using NMR coupling constants in D2O solution, in order to mimic the equilibrium conditions in a physiological medium, in the gas phase and in implicit water through theoretical calculations. Despite the presence of σCH→σ*CF and σCH→σ*CN interactions, which usually rule the hyperconjugative gauche effect in 1,2-disubstituted ethanes, the most important forces leading to the double gauche effect (+NH3 in the gauche relationship with both fluorine atoms) in 2 are the Lewis-type ones. Particularly, electrostatic interactions are operative even in water solution, where they should be significantly attenuated, whereas hyperconjugation and hydrogen bond have secondary importance.
Semblances et différences, de l'hystérie à la féminité
Authors: Chaboudez Gisèle
Published: April 2014

Longtemps l’hystérie a été considérée comme la norme de la féminité, et par Freud lui-même. Il y a à cela des raisons de discours. Cependant, l’élaboration logique de l’une et de l’autre montre que la structure entière les sépare.
Enjeux du passage de la névrose au discours de l'hystérique
Authors: Lérès Guy
Published: April 2014

Les quatre Discours de Lacan permettent de formaliser des types de liens sociaux mais aussi de saisir comment ils s’interpénètrent, s’influencent et se transforment. Deux exemples en sont donnés qui intéressent l’hystérique et le maître.
L'hystérique invente la psychanalyse
Authors: Sédat Jacques
Published: April 2014

Grâce à son travail avec des hystériques, exposé dans les Études sur l’hystérie , Freud découvre que l’hystérie est un appel adressé à l’autre, tout comme le transfert. Cela conduit Freud à définir le rôle du transfert dans la cure. Le rôle du psychanalyste est d’entendre le message que le patient formule à l’attention du psychanalyste, non en tant qu’individu, mais en tant que tierce personne et représentant de figures qui ont marqué l’histoire du patient. Condition indispensable pour permettre à l’analysant de reconduire le passé au passé et de pouvoir vivre et construire le présent.
Du miracle sur la 34 e rue à la psychanalyse, du sac Hermès au message de l'Inconscient
Authors: Steinkoler Manya
Published: April 2014

Présentation d’un cas d’une jeune femme américaine se plaignant de souffrir d’un « shopping disorder » . La cure psychanalytique permet le changement de régime de ses modes de jouir par un questionnement sur sa jouissance et la construction des coordonnées de son fantasme.
Changes in mouse gastrointestinal microbial ecology with ingestion of kale
Authors: Uyeno Y. , Katayama S. , Nakamura S.
Published: April 2014

Kale, a cultivar of Brassica oleracea, has attracted a great deal of attention because of its health-promoting effects, which are thought to be exerted through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of kale ingestion on the gastrointestinal microbial ecology of mice. 21 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. The animals were fed either a control diet or experimental diets supplemented with different commercial kale products for 12 weeks. Contents of the caecum and colon of the mice were processed for the determination of active bacterial populations by a bacterial rRNA-based quantification method and short-chain fatty acids by HPLC. rRNAs of Bacteroides-Prevotella, the Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale group, and Clostridium leptum subgroup constituted the major fraction of microbiota regardless of the composition of the diet. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was higher in the colon samples of one of the kale diet groups than in the control. The colonic butyrate level was also higher with the kale-supplemented diet. Overall, the ingestion of kale tended to either increase or decrease the activity of specific bacterial groups in the mouse gastrointestinal tract, however, the effect might vary depending on the nutritional composition.
Reviewing Motivations for Engaging in Decision Support Social Networks
Authors: Antunes Francisco , Costa João Paulo
Published: April 2014

This paper reviews the motivations for people to engage in decision support social networks, from existing connections between social network sites and decision support. The paper points out the three intertwined levels that influence interactions and motivation of people when engaged in social network participation: communities, networks and electronic networks of practice. Participating in social networks draws upon the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors refer to motivation embedded in the action itself (comes within the individual), rather than from external rewards or extrinsic factors such as money or recognition. The paper also identifies some problems in engaging in decision support social networks and discusses potential solutions, namely: to create and maintain a critical number of users; the issue of time in decision processes; linguistic barriers and issues of confidentiality.
Detection and Recognition of RF Devices Using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Acharya Shikhar P. , Guardiola Ivan G.
Published: April 2014

Radio Frequency (RF) devices produce some amount of Unintended Electromagnetic Emissions (UEEs). UEEs are generally unique to a device and can be used as a signature for the purpose of detection and identification. The problem with UEEs is that they are very low in power and are often buried deep inside the noise band. The research herein provides the application of Support Vector Machine (SVM) for detection and identification of RF devices using their UEEs. Experimental Results shows that SVM can detect RF devices within the noise band, and can also identify RF devices using their UEEs.
Neuroscience and Symptoms Related to the CADASIL Disease
Authors: Ioannidou Katerina , Vlachakis Dimitrios , Matsopoulos George , Kossida Sophia
Published: April 2014

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) disease belongs to the group of rare diseases. It is well established that Notch3 protein is primarily responsible for the development of the CADASIL syndrome. Herein, we attempt to shed light to the actual molecular mechanism underlying CADASIL syndrome via insights that we have from preliminary in silico and proteomics studies on the Notch3 protein, which is involved in many cancers and in particular lung and ovarian cancer. In this disease we always see accumulation of Granular Osmiophilic Material (GOM), which has been a hallmark for the final diagnosis based on electron microcopy (EM). Consequently, we present the regions of the brain that get affected by the disease and their functions. Finally, the symptoms of CADASIL are examined with reference to the neurological analysis that has preceded.
An Up-To-Date Review of Piglet Isosporosis
Authors: Boulaki Vasiliki , Vlachakis Dimitrios , Sotiraki Smaragda , Kossida Sophia
Published: April 2014

Piglet isosporosis caused by Isospora suis represents a considerable problem worldwide with great economic losses and veterinary importance in pig production. So the control of this parasite is a great need. However, little is known about porcine coccidiosis concerning dynamics, pathophysiology and immunology of this disease, as well as host-parasite interactions. In addition, only few studies deal with experimental modelling of this illness with parameters such as the excretion patterns and the age-related susceptibility. However, besides natural I. suis infections occurring in pig farms, there are some experimental infections described that allow investigating accurately the course of infection. Experimental infections could contribute to a more effective control of these infections. In addition, managerial practices of farrowing facilities and piglet manipulations can contribute to this purpose. So, the description of hygiene measures, the appropriate management of farrowing facilities and piglet manipulations, as well as appropriate farm-specific environment, comprising appropriate design and materials of the farrowing pen and enough room, could diminish the occurrence and transmission of this parasite. However, unfortunately there are only very few reports documenting all this subjects that are so important for the effective control of this disease.
State-of-the-Art Neural Networks Applications in Biology
Authors: Filntisi Arianna , Papangelopoulos Nikitas , Bencurova Elena , Kasampalidis Ioannis , Matsopoulos George , Vlachakis Dimitrios , Kossida Sophia
Published: April 2014

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a well-established computational method inspired by the structure and function of biological central nervous systems. Since their conception, ANNs have been utilized in a vast variety of applications due to their impressive information processing abilities. A vibrant field, ANNs have been utilized in bioinformatics, a general term for describing the combination of informatics, biology and medicine. This article is an effort to investigate recent advances in the area of bioinformatical applications of ANNs, with emphasis in disease diagnosis, genetics, proteomics, and chemoinformatics. The combination of neural networks and game theory in some of these application is also discussed.
A Benchmark of Structural Variant Analysis Tools for Next Generation Sequencing Data
Authors: Panagiotis Chatzinikolaou , Christos Makris , Vlachakis Dimitrios , Kossida Sophia
Published: April 2014

In language of genetics and biochemistry, sequencing is the determination of an unbranched biopolymer's primary structure. A sequence is a symbolic linear depiction, result of sequencing. This sequence is a succinct summary of the most of the sequenced molecule's atomic-level structure. (Most known is DNA-sequencing, RNA-sequencing, Protein-sequencing and Next-Generation-sequencing)
Preliminary result on trabecular bone score (TBS) in lumbar vertebrae with experimentally altered microarchitecture
Authors: Di Stefano M. , Isaia G.C. , Cussa D. , Panattoni G.L.
Published: April 2014

The aim of this preliminary research is to investigate the reliability of a new qualitative parameter, called Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), recently proposed for evaluating the microarchitectural arrangement of cancellous bone in scans carried out by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Vertebral bodies of 15 fresh samples of lumbar spines of adult pig were analysed either in basal conditions and with altered microarchitecture of the cancellous bone obtained by progressive drilling. The examined bony areas do not show changes in bone mineral density (BMD), whereas TBS values decrease with the increasing alteration of the vertebral microtrabecular structure. Our preliminary data seem to confirm the reliability of TBS as a qualitative parameter useful for evaluating the microarchitectural strength in bony areas quantitatively analysed by DXA.
Diabetes mellitus and upper gut motility
Authors: Mandolfino F. , Frascio M. , Perotti S. , Lazzara F. , Imperatore M. , Bruno S.
Published: April 2014

The aim of the study is to detect the presence of esophageal motor disorders in type I and II diabetic patients, and to establish whether there is any difference between patients with and without neuropathy. 118 diabetics patients (34 type I and 84 type II) were investigated by water-perfused stationary esophageal manometry. Data were correlated with the presence of peripheral neurophaty. As a result 71% of patients affected by peripheral neuropathy showed manometric abnormalities against the 37% of the patients without neuropathy. Our experience has shown that patients with diabetes mellitus frequently present esophageal symptoms and manometric abnormalities. Manometric study of the esophagus has to be considered a useful investigative tool to manage and monitorize the gastrointestinal abnormalities in patients affected by diabetes mellitus.
Estimation of stature from the vertebral column in physical and forensic anthropology
Authors: Milani C. , Panattoni G.L.
Published: April 2014

Stature is one of the most important parameters in personal identification for physical and forensic anthropologists. Stature can be extimated from decomposed and fully or partially akeletonized human remains. Many Authors developed anatomical methods based on measurements of the whole skeleton or mathematical methods based on measurements of single bones, from which they obtained regression formulae for calculating the stature. In this review, we focused on the vertebral column and compared the corresponding regression formulae according to population, sex and age by a critical analysis of the literature.
Cadmium and visual performance in Danio rerio
Authors: Motta C.M. , Simoniello P.
Published: April 2014

This study describes the negative effects exerted by cadminum intoxication on behavioral responses to re-illumination with white or colored light in the zebrafish, Danio rerio.
Late Wisconsinan Laurentide glacial limits of northwestern Canada: the Tutsieta Lake and Kelly Lake phases
Authors: Hughes O L
Published: April 2014

Extensive segments of well preserved moraine and other ice-marginal features have been recognized within the all-time limit of the northwestern part of the Laurentide ice sheet. Many of the segments can be linked ta define the margin of the ice sheet at the
culmination of a Late Wisconsinan advance, here called the Tutsieta Lake Phase. Others can be linked ta define the limit of a later advance, here called the Kelly Lake Phase. Still other moraine segments cannot be referred readily ta either phase. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the advance of the
Laurentide ice sheet ta its all-time limit during Hungry Creek Glaciation culminated about 30 000 years ago, and dates for causally related inundation of Old Crow and Bluefish basins support that timing. Interpretations placed on "old" dates on marine shells from the Mackenzie Delta area, however,
are incompatible with a Late Wisconsinan age for the maximum Laurentide advance, posing a major chronological problem. Radiocarbon dates indicate an age of about 13 000 years or somewhat aider for culmination of the Tutsieta Lake Phase, and some time before 10 600 years aga for the Kelly Lake Phase.
The correlation suggested here implies that during the Late Wisconsinan Tutsieta Lake Phase, westerly moving ice in Amundsen Gulf impinged against the northwest flank of Brock Upland ta a level of 455 m and extended westward beyond Parry Peninsula. In contrast, other workers have suggested that
during the Late Wisconsinan, an ice lobe in Amundsen Gulf barely reached the eastern margin of the study area. This difference in interpretation indicates a need for field checking of the photo-interpretive correlations offered herein.
Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel’s religious antecedents as legitimising a Christian faith expression
Authors: Potgieter Raymond
Published: April 2014

Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel’s depth theology model is a theology of the act of believing. It emerges from the Chasidic expression of Judaism founded during the Enlightenment period. A modern approach is to profile God according to circumstances as a prerequisite to believing. The uniqueness of this Jewish concept of faith is come to in an indirect way. Heschel argues from antecedents to believing in order to establish faith’s credibility. This is done, not by emphasising content of belief in the first instance, but on awareness of reality at its fullest expression. This approach could be seriously considered as establishing grounds towards credible Christian faith expressing a living testimony. It could also serve as an ecumenical bridge between Jewish and Christian religions in their sharing of commonalities of the basics of what constitutes legitimate faith.Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel se diepte-teologie model is ’n teologie van die daadwerklikheid van geloof. Dit blyk uit die Chasidiese uitdrukking van Judaïsme en is tydens die Verligtingstydperk gegrondves. ’n Moderne teïstiese benadering is om ’n profiel van God volgens omstandighede as voorvereiste van geloof te skep. Die uniekheid van dié Joodse konsep van geloof kom op indirekte wyse. Heschel redeneer vanuit sy religieuse (voor)geskiedenis ter vasstelling van die geloofwaardigheid van die Christelike geloof. Dit word gedoen deur in die eerste plek nie die inhoud van geloof te beklemtoon nie, maar wel ’n bewustheid van die werklikheid as die volste uitdrukking daarvan. Hierdie benadering kan ernstig oorweeg word as die vestiging van ’n geloofwaardige Christelike geloofsuitdrukking as lewende getuienis. Dit kan ook as ekumeniese brug tussen die Joodse en Christelike godsdienste dien in die gedeelde raakpunte wat geloof regverdig.
Pharmacological management of psychiatric disorders in pregnancy complicated by diabetics
Authors: Balhara Yatan , Verma Rohit , Kalra Bharti
Published: April 2014

Pregnancy has been identified as a biological, psychological and social stressor that predisposes women to emergence/re-emergence of psychiatric disorders. Effective pharmacological treatment is available for various psychiatric disorders. However, management of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy requires careful selection of the pharmacotherapeutic agent. Management of psychiatric disorders in pregnancy among diabetics brings in an additional dimension. The psychotropic medicines have been found to impact blood glucose levels and can interfere with diabetes management. This article reviews the available evidence on the use of psychotropic medicines in antenatal women with diabetes.