bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achieving excellent temperature-stable dielectric properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based lead-free ceramics via doping AgNbO3
Authors: Liu Li-na , Chen Xiao-ming , Wang Xing-xing , Lian Han-li
Published: May 2023

The lead-free ceramics ([Formula: see text])(0.94[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TiO3-0.06BiAlO3)-[Formula: see text]AgNbO3 (denoted as BNBTA-[Formula: see text]AN) were synthesized via a solid-state sintering method. The effect of AgNbO3 doping amount on dielectric properties of the ceramics was studied systematically. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscope were used to detect the structure of the ceramics. Temperature-dependent dielectric spectra, frequency-dependent dielectric constant and alternating current (ac) electric conductance at various temperatures were measured. The doping of AgNbO3 greatly reduces dielectric constant around Curie temperature and thus enhances the temperature stability of the dielectric constant. The ceramic BNBTA-0.03AN exhibits excellent temperature-stable dielectric properties with temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) [Formula: see text]15% between 55∘C and 418∘C with temperature window 363∘C and small changes of dielectric constant and dielectric loss from 100 Hz to 1 MHz at different temperatures. The obtained ceramics are expected to be used in high-temperature capacitors due to its excellent temperature stability.
Towards Modeling Human Attention from Eye Movements for Neural Source Code Summarization
Authors: Bansal Aakash , Sharif Bonita , McMillan Collin
Published: May 2023

Neural source code summarization is the task of generating natural language descriptions of source code behavior using neural networks. A fundamental component of most neural models is an attention mechanism. The attention mechanism learns to connect features in source code to specific words to use when generating natural language descriptions. Humans also pay attention to some features in code more than others. This human attention reflects experience and high-level cognition well beyond the capability of any current neural model. In this paper, we use data from published eye-tracking experiments to create a model of this human attention. The model predicts which words in source code are the most important for code summarization. Next, we augment a baseline neural code summarization approach using our model of human attention. We observe an improvement in prediction performance of the augmented approach in line with other bio-inspired neural models.
Overlapping Graph Clustering in Attributed Networks via Generalized Cluster Potential Game
Authors: Li Hui-Jia , Feng Yuhao , Xia Chengyi , Cao Jie
Published: May 2023

Overlapping graph clustering is essential to understand the nature and behavior of real complex systems including human interactions, technical systems and transportation network. However, in addition of topological structure, many real-world networked systems contain spare factors, i.e., attributes of networks. Despite the considerable efforts that have been made in graph clustering, they only concentrate on the topological structure, which lack a profound understanding of cluster configuration on attributed graphs. To address this great challenge, in this article, we propose a new overlapping graph clustering algorithm by integrating the topological and attributive information into a
cluster potential game
(CPG). Firstly, a generalized definition of the utility function is provided, which measures the payoff of each node based on different node-to-cluster distance functions. It is worth mentioning that the model we proposed is able to associate with the classic ordinal potential game well. Then, we define the measures of both tightness and the homogeneity in each cluster, and introduce a novel two-way selection mechanism. The goal is to extend the flexibility of the cluster potential game, so that one can achieve a win-win situation between nodes and clusters. Finally, a distributed and heterogeneous multiagent system (DHMAS) is carefully designed based on a fast self-learning algorithm (SLA) for attributed overlapping graph clustering. Two series of experiments are implemented in multi-types datasets and the results verify the effectiveness and the scalability after the comparison with the most advanced approaches of literature.
Sex differences in NIRS-derived values of reactive hyperemia persist after experimentally controlling for the ischemic vasodilatory stimulus
Authors: Keller Joshua L. , Traylor Miranda K. , Gray Sylvie M. , Hill Ethan C. , Weir Joseph P.
Published: May 2023

Men exhibit greater values of reactive hyperemia than women even when controlling for the magnitude of desaturation during transient ischemia. Factors other than the ischemic vasodilatory stimulus, such as skeletal muscle mass and quality, likely provoke the commonly reported sex differences in reactive hyperemia measured by near-infrared spectroscopy.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Methanesulfonate Ionic Liquid
Authors: Rather Sami-ullah , Bamufleh Hisham S. , Alhumade Hesham , Saeed Usman , Taimoor Aqeel Ahmad , Sulaimon Aliyu Adebayo , Alalayah Walid M. , Shariff Azmi Mohd
Published: May 2023

The intimidating level of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere responsible for global warming and erratic weather conditions needs to be addressed on a priority basis. Different kinds of materials were used to capture CO2 to curtail the alarming and drastic effects of global warming. An ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate [C4mim][CH3SO3] was chosen, owing to its unique and efficient characteristics required for CO2 capture. Thermos-physical characteristics such as sigma surface, sigma profile, and sigma potential are calculated from the COSMO-RS model independent of any kind of experimental or coefficient data as an input. The mandatory information required for the interaction of IL with CO2 was obtained from this model. The COSMO-RS model depends upon unimolecular quantum chemical analysis associated with statistical thermodynamics, molecular structure, and conformation. The structural confirmation of [C4mim][CH3SO3] IL was performed by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods. Spectrochemical properties are calculated by FTIR, NMR, UV-visible, and fluorescence. Maximum CO2 solubility performed at room temperature (RT) and 45 bar was found to be ~2.7 mmol/g. The uptake of CO2 indicates the presence of sulphur-functionalized anions and bulky alkyl groups in IL’s significant affinity towards CO2. According to hysteresis-based classification, CO2 sorption and desorption follows type H3 classification, which indicates the presence of microporous and mesoporous in the IL sample. The effect of functionalized anions and alkyl groups on CO2 capture is highlighted in this study. The present study is aimed at providing a detailed overview related to theoretical and experimental study and application in terms of CO2 capture of IL.
Identifying the Influencing Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Nurses in China by Machine Learning: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li Shu , Sznajder Kristin K. , Ning Lingfang , Gao Hong , Xie Xinyue , Liu Shuo , Shao Chunyu , Li Xinru , Yang Xiaoshi
Published: May 2023

Background. Nurses’ high workload can result in depressive symptoms. However, the research has underexplored the internal and external variables, such as organisational support, career identity, and burnout, which may predict depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses via machine learning (ML). Aim. To predict nurses’ depressive symptoms and identify the relevant factors by machine learning (ML) algorithms. Methods. A self-administered smartphone questionnaire was delivered to nurses to evaluate their depressive symptoms; 1,431 questionnaires and 28 internal and external features were collected. In the training set, the use of maximum relevance minimum redundancy ranked the features’ importance. Five ML algorithms were used to establish models to identify nurses’ depressive symptoms using different feature subsets, and the area under the curve (AUC) determined the optimal feature subset. Demographic characteristics were added to the optimal feature subset to establish the combined models. Each model’s performance was evaluated using the test set. Results. The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses was 31.86%. The optimal feature subset comprised of sleep disturbance, chronic fatigue, physical fatigue, exhaustion, and perceived organisation support. The five models based on the optimal feature subset had good prediction performance on the test set (AUC: 0.871–0.895 and accuracy: 0.798–0.815). After adding the significant demographic characteristics, the performance of the five combined models slightly improved; the AUC and accuracy increased to 0.904 and 0.826 on the test set, respectively. The logistic regression analysis results showed the best and most stable performance while the univariate analysis results showed that external and internal personal features (AUC: 0.739–0.841) were more effective than demographic characteristics (AUC: 0.572–0.588) for predicting nurses’ depressive symptoms. Conclusions. ML could effectively predict nurses’ depressive symptoms. Interventions to manage physical fatigue, sleep disorders, burnout, and organisational support may prevent depressive symptoms.
Effects of Key Structure of Pressure Swirl Nozzle on Atomization Performance
Authors: Zhang Tao , Chen Junqi , Wan Pan , Wang Yong , Li Rundong
Published: May 2023

The structure of the pressure swirl nozzle is the key factor affecting the atomization quality. Optimal design of nozzle structure is conducive to improving the atomization quality and has important significance for improving the efficiency and stability of the combustor. The effect of the swirl section diameter, the contraction section angle, the straight section diameter, and the expansion section angle on the spray cone angle and the liquid film thickness is studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the liquid film thickness and spray cone angle both decrease with the increase of the expansion section angle. As the straight section diameter increases, the spray cone angle and liquid film thickness both increased. Both the spray cone angle and the liquid film thickness have an optimal contraction angle value that is 60° and 45°, respectively. The increase in the ratio of the swirl section diameter to the straight section diameter can increase the liquid axial velocity. When the nozzle outlet has an expansion angle, the thickness of the liquid film is reduced. When the expansion section angle, the straight section diameter, the contraction section angle, and the swirl section diameter of the nozzle is 30°, 4 mm, 45°, and 12 mm, respectively, the atomization performance of this nozzle is the best.
The Prognostic Value and Potential Mechanism of Tumor-Nutrition-Inflammation Index and Genes in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Huan , Shi Yuting , Shi Yueli , Cao Mengqing , Zhang Long , Wu Yuan , Xu Yun , Wang Kai , Weng Xianwu
Published: May 2023

Background. Lung cancer (LC) has the highest mortality rate all over the world. It is necessary to search for novel potential biomarkers that are easily accessible and inexpensive in identifying patients with LC at early stage. Methods. A total of 195 patients with advanced LC who have received first-line chemotherapy were involved in this study. The optimized cut-off values of AGR and SIRI (AGR = albumin/globulin; SIRI = neutrophil 

∗

 monocyte/lymphocyte) were determined by survival function analysis based on R software. COX regression analysis was performed to obtain the independent factors for establishing the nomogram model. A nomogram model comprising these independent prognostic parameters was built for the TNI (tumor-nutrition-inflammation index) score calculation. The predictive accuracy was demonstrated through ROC curve and calibration curves after index concordance. Results. The optimized cut-off values of AGR and SIRI were 1.22 and 1.60, respectively. It was revealed that liver metastasis, SCC, AGR, and SIRI were independent prognostic factors in advanced lung cancer by Cox analysis. Afterwards, the nomogram model comprised of these independent prognostic parameters was built for TNI scores calculation. Based on the TNI quartile values, patients were divided into four groups. And it was indicated that higher TNI had worse OS (

P
<
0.05

) via Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test. Moreover, the C-index and 1-year AUC area were 0.756 (0.723–0.788) and 75.62, respectively. There was high consistency shown in the calibration curves between predicted and actual survival proportions in the TNI model. In addition, tumor-nutrition-inflammation index and genes play an important role in LC development that might affect some pathways related to tumor development including cell cycle, homologous recombination, and P53 signaling pathway from a molecular level. Conclusion. TNI might be an analytical tool which was practical and precise for survival prediction of patients with advanced LC. Tumor-nutrition-inflammation index and genes play an important role in LC development. A preprint has previously been published [1].
Security Risk and Preventive Measures of Multimedia Database System under Remote Control of Network Robot
Authors: Deng Wenyan , Yan Pengfei
Published: May 2023

The rapid development of network technology makes the world enter a new era, but it also brings a variety of severe information security problems, which makes the network security more and more important. Based on the existing literature and information, this paper expounds the current situation of database information system security. In view of the security risks of the media database information, this paper proposes to use the remote control system of the network robot, through sorting out the organizational structure characteristics and technology of multimedia data, establish the security defense system, and try to manage the multimedia data security. This system takes the mobile robot as the control object and adds the vision and ultrasonic transducer for the robot, so that it can carry on the semi-autonomous movement under the control of human. In addition, the host PC is used as the main control terminal to send instructions to the remote robot and receive the feedback data information. The simulation results show that the robot remote control system has good security, can ensure the establishment of database security defense technology system, and has the characteristics of convenient operation, easy to expand, and strong mobility. From the research point of view of this paper, the combination of robotics and multimedia information security is booming and will become a new application prospect.
Data from Comprehensive DNA methylation analysis indicates that pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions are acinar-derived and epigenetically primed for carcinogenesis
Authors: Lo Emily K. W. , Mears Brian M. , Maurer H. Carlo , Idrizi Adrian , Hansen Kasper D. , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Hruban Ralph H. , Olive Kenneth P. , Feinberg Andrew P.
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is believed to arise from the accumulation of a series of somatic mutations and is also frequently associated with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions. However, there is still debate as to whether the cell-type-of-origin of PanINs and PDACs in humans is acinar or ductal. As cell type identity is maintained epigenetically, DNA methylation changes during pancreatic neoplasia can provide a compelling perspective to examine this question. Here, we performed laser-capture microdissection on surgically resected specimens from 18 patients to isolate, with high purity, DNA for whole-genome bisulfite sequencing from four relevant cell types: acini, non-neoplastic ducts, PanIN lesions, and PDAC lesions. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified using two complementary analytical approaches: bsseq, which identifies any DMRs but is particularly useful for large block-like DMRs; and informME which profiles the potential energy landscape across the genome and is particularly useful for identifying differential methylation entropy. Both global methylation profiles and block DMRs clearly implicated an acinar origin for PanINs. At the gene level, PanIN lesions exhibited an intermediate acinar-ductal phenotype resembling acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. In 97.6% of PanIN-specific DMRs, PanIN lesions had an intermediate methylation level between normal and PDAC, which suggests from an information theory perspective that PanIN lesions are epigenetically primed to progress to PDAC. Thus, epigenomic analysis complements histopathology to define molecular progression toward PDAC. The shared epigenetic lineage between PanIN and PDAC lesions could provide an opportunity for prevention by targeting aberrantly methylated progression-related genes.
Data from A self-propagating c-Met-SOX2 axis drives cancer-derived IgG signaling that promotes lung cancer cell stemness
Authors: Huang Xinmei , Zhang Shenghua , Tang Jingshu , Tian Tian , Pan Yilin , Wu Lina , Zhang Jingxuan , Liu Yang , Huang Jing , Dai Hui , Xu Weiyan , Zhang Youhui , Chen Jinfeng , Cao Mengshu , Zhang Liang , Qiu Xiaoyan
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Elevated IgG expression in cancer cells has been implicated in exacerbated malignancy and poor clinical prognosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that a nonconventional sialylation modification is critical for the function of cancer-derived IgG, indicating the need for a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that control the expression and function of sialylated cancer IgG (SIA-cIgG). Here, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR activation screening and identified OCT4 and SOX2 as the key factors that promote SIA-cIgG expression. Functional investigation revealed that SIA-cIgG reciprocally stimulated SOX2 by activating the c-Met/Akt/Erk signaling axis, constituting a self-propagating loop of SIA-cIgG/c-Met/SOX2/SIA-cIgG signaling. This signaling loop was highly active in stem-like cells from many epithelial cancers and was crucial for cancer stemness in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the monoclonal antibody RP215, which specifically recognizes the Asn162 sialylation-related epitope on SIA-cIgG, effectively blocked the SIA-cIgG-driven signaling loop. Furthermore, RP215 significantly inhibited lung cancer cell stemness and tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft model. In conclusion, these findings revealed a self-propagating c-Met/SOX2/SIA-cIgG signaling loop that promotes cancer stemness, identifying novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Data from ANO1 reprograms cholesterol metabolism and the tumor microenvironment to promote cancer metastasis
Authors: Deng Chun-Miao , Zhang Guo-Geng , Liu Qin-Wen , Xu Jiao-Jiao , Liu Zhi-Chao , Yang Jing , Xu Tao-Yang , Li Zhi-Gang , Zhang Fan , Li Bin
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a complex process. A better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the metastatic cascade could uncover approaches to better prevent and target metastases. Here, we integrated transcriptomic profiling in primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and matched lymph node metastatic tissues and genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 functional screening to identify the key drivers of cancer metastasis. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) expression was found to be elevated in primary tumors and further increased in metastatic tissues. High expression of ANO1 was associated with poor patient survival, and ANO1 overexpression promoted cancer invasion and metastasis. Mechanistically, ANO1 inactivated the LXR pathway and increased intracellular cholesterol accumulation by interacting with JUN to repress the transcription of cholesterol hydroxylase, CYP27A1. In a paracrine manner, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secreted from ANO1-expressing ESCC cancer cells activated NFκB signaling in fibroblasts to stimulate production of the chemokine CCL1, which in turn enhanced invasion of ESCC cancer cells. Furthermore, molecular docking and in silico screening of 1,500,000 small molecules identified K786-4469 as a lead compound that targeted ANO1 and suppressed cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these findings uncover a non-canonical function of ANO1 in regulating cholesterol metabolism and fibroblast function, revealing ANO1 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for metastatic ESCC.
Data from Terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells resistant to PD-1 blockade promote generation and maintenance of aggressive cancer stem cells
Authors: Chakravarti Mohona , Dhar Sukanya , Bera Saurav , Sinha Abhipsa , Roy Kamalika , Sarkar Anirban , Dasgupta Shayani , Bhuniya Avishek , Saha Akata , Das Juhina , Banerjee Saptak , Vernekar Manisha , Pal Chiranjib , Alam Neyaz , Datta Dipak , Baral Rathindranath , Bose Anamika
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Heterogeneity within the tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) population limits immunotherapeutic efficacy against cancer. Between two subpopulations of exhausted CD8+ TILs (progenitor-exhausted, TPEX; terminally-exhausted, TTEX), TTEX cells remain unresponsive to anti-PD1 therapy. Deciphering whether and how PD1-resistant TTEX cells engage in tumor promotion could improve the response to immunotherapy. Here, we report that TTEX cells actively participate in tumor progression by modulating cancer stem cells (CSC). TTEX cells strongly correlated with elevated CSC frequency in poorly immune-infiltrated (CD8+ TIL low) advanced human breast and ovarian carcinomas. TTEX directly upregulated CSC frequency in vitro, which was not affected by anti-PD1 treatment. The TTEX-influenced CSCs were highly clonogenic and exhibited a multi-drug resistant phenotype, overexpressing drug efflux pumps like ABCC1 and ABCB1. These CSCs were highly invasive, displaying increased invadopodia development and elevated cofilin, CXCR4, and MMP7 expression. The invasive properties along with epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity of TTEX-educated CSCs increased metastasis in vivo. TTEX increased cell surface levels and activation of VEGFR2 in CSCs, and silencing or inhibition of VEGFR2 reversed the CSC-stimulatory effects of TTEX. LAMP3 and NRP1 on the surface of TTEX stimulated VEGFR2 in CSCs to promote aggressiveness. Cumulatively, these findings suggest that screening carcinoma patients for both CD8+ TIL and TTEX frequency prior to anti-PD1-therapy could improve patient outcomes. Additionally, targeting the LAMP3/NRP1-VEGFR2 axis could be a therapeutic strategy in advanced carcinoma patients with limited CD8+ T cell infiltration and high TTEX frequency.
HLA Class II Loss and JAK1/2 Deficiency Coevolve in Melanoma Leading to CD4 T-cell and IFNγ Cross-Resistance
Authors: Stupia Simone , Heeke Christina , Brüggemann Alicia , Zaremba Anne , Thier Beatrice , Kretz Julia , Sucker Antje , Philip Manuel , Zelinskyy Gennadiy , Ferrone Soldano , Roesch Alexander , Horn Susanne , Hadaschik Eva , Schadendorf Dirk , Trilling Mirko , Dittmer Ulf , Griewank Klaus , Zhao Fang , Paschen Annette
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

Recent studies have demonstrated HLA class II (HLA-II)–dependent killing of melanoma cells by cytotoxic CD4 T cells. We investigated evolution of HLA-II–loss tumors that escape cytotoxic CD4 T-cell activity and contribute to immunotherapy resistance.

Experimental Design:

Melanoma cells from longitudinal metastases were studied for constitutive and IFN-inducible HLA-II expression, sensitivity towards autologous CD4 T cells, and immune evasion by HLA-II loss. Clinical significance of HLA-II–low tumors was determined by analysis of transcriptomic data sets from patients with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).

Results:

Analysis of longitudinal samples revealed strong intermetastatic heterogeneity in melanoma cell–intrinsic HLA-II expression and subclonal HLA-II loss. Tumor cells from early lesions either constitutively expressed HLA-II, sensitizing to cytotoxic CD4 T cells, or induced HLA-II and gained CD4 T-cell sensitivity in the presence of IFNγ. In contrast, late outgrowing subclones displayed a stable CD4 T-cell–resistant HLA-II–loss phenotype. These cells lacked not only constitutive but also IFNγ-inducible HLA-II due to JAK1/2-STAT1 pathway inactivation. Coevolution of JAK1/2 deficiency and HLA-II loss established melanoma cross-resistance to IFNγ and CD4 T cells, as detected in distinct stage IV metastases. In line with their immune-evasive phenotype, HLA-II–low melanomas showed reduced CD4 T-cell infiltrates and correlated with disease progression under ICB.

Conclusions:

Our study links melanoma resistance to CD4 T cells, IFNγ, and ICB at the level of HLA-II, highlighting the significance of tumor cell–intrinsic HLA-II antigen presentation in disease control and calling for strategies to overcome its downregulation for improvement of patient outcome.
Editorial
Authors: Pacheco Ana Paula , Silva Anderson Gonçalves da , Fonseca Maria Augusta
Published: May 2023

Editorial
ROR2/PCP a New Pathway Controlling Endothelial Cell Polarity Under Flow Conditions
Authors: Bougaran Pauline , Bats Marie Lise , Delobel Valentin , Rubin Sébastien , Vaurs Juliette , Couffinhal Thierry , Duplàa Cécile , Dufourcq Pascale
Published: May 2023

Background:

Endothelial cells (ECs) are sensitive to physical forces created by blood flow, especially to laminar shear stress. Among the cell responses to laminar flow, EC polarization against the flow direction emerges as a key event, particularly during the development and remodeling of the vascular network. EC adopt an elongated planar cell shape with an asymmetrical distribution of intracellular organelles along the axis of blood flow. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of planar cell polarity via the receptor ROR2 (receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2) in endothelial responses to laminar shear stress.

Methods:

We generated a genetic mouse model with EC-specific deletion of
Ror2
, in combination with in vitro approaches involving loss- and gain-of-function experiments.

Results:

During the first 2 weeks of life, the endothelium of the mouse aorta undergoes a rapid remodeling associated with a loss of EC polarization against the flow direction. Notably, we found a correlation between ROR2 expression and endothelial polarization levels. Our findings demonstrate that deletion of
Ror2
in murine ECs impaired their polarization during the postnatal development of the aorta. In vitro experiments further validated the essential role of ROR2 in both EC collective polarization and directed migration under laminar flow conditions. Exposure to laminar shear stress triggered the relocalization of ROR2 to cell-cell junctions where it formed a complex with VE-Cadherin and β-catenin, thereby regulating adherens junctions remodeling at the rear and front poles of ECs. Finally, we showed that adherens junctions remodeling and cell polarity induced by ROR2 were dependent on the activation of the small GTPase Cdc42.

Conclusions:

This study identified ROR2/planar cell polarity pathway as a new mechanism controlling and coordinating collective polarity patterns of EC during shear stress response.
Genetic Burden of
TNNI3K
in Diagnostic Testing of Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Supraventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Pham Caroline , Andrzejczyk Karolina , Jurgens Sean J. , Lekanne Deprez Ronald , Palm Kaylin C.A. , Vermeer Alexa M.C. , Nijman Janneke , Christiaans Imke , Barge-Schaapveld Daniela Q.C.M. , van Dessel Pascal F.H.M. , Beekman Leander , Choi Seung Hoan , Lubitz Steven A. , Skoric-Milosavljevic Doris , van den Bersselaar Lisa , Jansen Philip R. , Copier Jaël S. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Wilde Arthur A.M. , Bezzina Connie R. , Lodder Elisabeth M.
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

Genetic variants in
TNNI3K
(troponin-I interacting kinase) have previously been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), cardiac conduction disease, and supraventricular tachycardias. However, the link between
TNNI3K
variants and these cardiac phenotypes shows a lack of consensus concerning phenotype and protein function.

METHODS:

We describe a systematic retrospective study of a cohort of patients undergoing genetic testing for cardiac arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy including
TNNI3K
. We further performed burden testing of
TNNI3K
in the UK Biobank. For 2 novel
TNNI3K
variants, we tested cosegregation. TNNI3K kinase function was estimated by TNNI3K autophosphorylation assays.

RESULTS:

We demonstrate enrichment of rare coding
TNNI3K
variants in DCM patients in the Amsterdam cohort. In the UK Biobank, we observed an association between
TNNI3K
missense (but not loss-of-function) variants and DCM and atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, we demonstrate genetic segregation for 2 rare variants, TNNI3K-p.Ile512Thr and TNNI3K-p.His592Tyr, with phenotypes consisting of DCM, cardiac conduction disease, and supraventricular tachycardia, together with increased autophosphorylation. In contrast, TNNI3K-p.Arg556_Asn590del, a likely benign variant, demonstrated depleted autophosphorylation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings demonstrate an increased burden of rare coding
TNNI3K
variants in cardiac patients with DCM. Furthermore, we present 2 novel likely pathogenic
TNNI3K
variants with increased autophosphorylation, suggesting that enhanced autophosphorylation is likely to drive pathogenicity.
INKILN
is a Novel Long Noncoding RNA Promoting Vascular Smooth Muscle Inflammation via Scaffolding MKL1 and USP10
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Jinjing , Deng Lin , Ishimwe Nestor , Pauli Jessica , Wu Wen , Shan Shengshuai , Kempf Wolfgang , Ballantyne Margaret D. , Kim David , Lyu Qing , Bennett Matthew , Rodor Julie , Turner Adam W. , Lu Yao Wei , Gao Ping , Choi Mihyun , Warthi Ganesh , Kim Ha Won , Barroso Margarida M. , Bryant William B. , Miller Clint L. , Weintraub Neal L. , Maegdefessel Lars , Miano Joseph M. , Baker Andrew H , Long Xiaochun
Published: May 2023

Background:

Activation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) inflammation is vital to initiate vascular disease. The role of human-specific long noncoding RNAs in VSMC inflammation is poorly understood.

Methods:

Bulk RNA sequencing in differentiated human VSMCs revealed a novel human-specific long noncoding RNA called inflammatory MKL1 (megakaryoblastic leukemia 1) interacting long noncoding RNA (
INKILN
).
INKILN
expression was assessed in multiple in vitro and ex vivo models of VSMC phenotypic modulation as well as human atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. The transcriptional regulation of
INKILN
was verified through luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies and multiple RNA–protein and protein–protein interaction assays were used to uncover a mechanistic role of
INKILN
in the VSMC proinflammatory gene program. Bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice were used to study
INKILN
expression and function in ligation injury–induced neointimal formation.

Results:

INKILN
expression is downregulated in contractile VSMCs and induced in human atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm.
INKILN
is transcriptionally activated by the p65 pathway, partially through a predicted NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) site within its proximal promoter.
INKILN
activates proinflammatory gene expression in cultured human VSMCs and ex vivo cultured vessels.
INKILN
physically interacts with and stabilizes MKL1, a key activator of VSMC inflammation through the p65/NF-κB pathway.
INKILN
depletion blocks interleukin-1β–induced nuclear localization of both p65 and MKL1. Knockdown of
INKILN
abolishes the physical interaction between p65 and MKL1 and the luciferase activity of an NF-κB reporter. Furthermore,
INKILN
knockdown enhances MKL1 ubiquitination through reduced physical interaction with the deubiquitinating enzyme USP10 (ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10).
INKILN
is induced in injured carotid arteries and exacerbates ligation injury–induced neointimal formation in bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice.

Conclusions:

These findings elucidate an important pathway of VSMC inflammation involving an
INKILN
/MKL1/USP10 regulatory axis. Human bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice offer a novel and physiologically relevant approach for investigating human-specific long noncoding RNAs under vascular disease conditions.
Globalization and Islamic Music (Asalatu) in Nigeria
Authors: Akanle Olayinka , Omoniyi O.
Published: May 2023

This article explores Asalatu, a form of Islamic music among Yoruba Muslims in Nigeria, against the backdrop of globalization and the impact of Western music. The article points to observed changes in the music and musical possibilities within increasing secularization. Drawing on ethnographic data, the article illuminates tangential issues such as the use of the mother tongue for Islamic music as opposed to Arabic, and the introduction of dance to Islamic music to account for the changes. The article is a major contribution to knowledge in the fields of religion in Africa, Islamic studies, and popular/material culture. Globalization has closely knit nations together such that there is an acceleration of the integration of nations into the global system. Accounting for changes in Islamic music as a result of globalization helps provide insights into the nature of society, whether increasingly religious or secular.
From the Margins of the Field or the Midan
Authors: Wahba Dina
Published: May 2023

This article introduces the concept of the affective register of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution that captures three affective states. Namely: (1) The making of ‘The People’ in the famous slogan, “The people demand the downfall of the regime”. An affective state that reflects the coming together of people from diverse political backgrounds, religious affiliations, socio-economic classes, and across the classic gender divide, not just as materiality, but also as a feeling expressed by many. (2) The breaking of fear, and (3) the expansion of political imaginaries of the possible in a repressive postcolonial state. Empirically, the article explores the narrative of Gerges who was 22 during the revolution, a Coptic young man from the popular neighborhood of Shubra in Cairo to tell the story of the Midan from its margins. The article details his participation in the revolution, how he experienced the Midan, and what he witnessed in Shubra as people started attacking police stations and tried to enact their version of street justice.
Impact-Based Flood Early Warning for Rural Livelihoods in Uganda
Authors: Mitheu Faith , Stephens Elisabeth , Petty Celia , Ficchì Andrea , Tarnavsky Elena , Cornforth Rosalind
Published: May 2023

Anticipatory actions are increasingly being taken before an extreme flood event to reduce the impacts on lives and livelihoods. Local contextualized information is required to support real-time local decisions on where and when to act and what anticipatory actions to take. This study defines an impact-based, early-warning trigger system that integrates flood forecasts with livelihood information, such as crop calendars, to target anticipatory actions better. We demonstrate the application of this trigger system using a flood case study from the Katakwi District in Uganda. First, we integrate information on the local crop cycles with the flood forecasts to define the impact-based trigger system. Second, we verify the impact-based system using historical flood impact information and then compare it with the existing hazard-based system in the context of humanitarian decisions. Study findings show that the impact-based trigger system has an improved probability of flood detection compared with the hazard-based system. There are fewer missed events in the impact-based system, while the trigger dates are similar in both systems. In a humanitarian context, the two systems trigger anticipatory actions at the same time. However, the impact-based trigger system can be further investigated in a different context (e.g., for livelihood protection) to assess the value of the local information. The impact-based system could also be a valuable tool to validate the existing hazard-based system, which builds more confidence in its use in informing anticipatory actions. The study findings, therefore, should open avenues for further dialogue on what the impact-based trigger system could mean within the broader forecast-based action landscape toward building the resilience of at-risk communities.
Effectiveness of SCORE2 and ASCVD Risk Scores in Combination With Aortic Arch Calcification on Chest Radiograph in Predicting Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Cetin Mustafa , Maksutov Chyngyz , Isakulov Eldarbek , Hosoglu Yusuf
Published: May 2023

The present study evaluated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk using ASCVD and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE2) risk models in combination with aortic arch calcification (AAC) to identify those at high risk for significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Of the 402 patients enrolled, 48 had normal coronary angiograms and served as group 1. The 131 patients with CAD with stenosis of <70% as group 2 and 223 patients with CAD with stenosis of ≥70% as group 3. ASCVD and SCORE2 risk scores, and the presence of AAC differed significantly among these groups. For prediction of significant CAD, the area under the curve (AUC) of ASCVD and SCORE2 risk scores in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were statistically similar ([AUC: .647, P < .001] and [AUC: .654, P < .001], respectively). When AAC was added to ASCVD risk and SCORE2, it increased their predictive value for significant CAD in the ROC curve analysis ( P = .003, and P = .019, respectively). In addition, significant net reclassification improvement (NRI) values were obtained by adding AAC to ASCVD and SCORE2 risk models ([NRI = .10, P = .04], and [NRI = .19, P = .04], respectively). These results suggest that the predictive value of ASCVD and SCORE2 increases when AAC is combined.
An assessment of the Key Construct of the Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) Theory: Psychometric Qualities of the Antisocial Attitudes Scale Among a Sample of Portuguese adolescents
Authors: Gomes Hugo S. , Jesus Beatriz , Maia Ângela , McGee Tara , Farrington David P.
Published: May 2023

Antisocial Potential is the key construct of the Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) theory, and it has been measured by the antisocial attitude (AA) scale. The ICAP theory is one of the main theoretical frameworks in developmental and life-course criminology. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the AA scale in the Portuguese adolescent population. Our sample was comprised of 485 participants. The Portuguese version of the AA scale was demonstrated to be a reliable and valid measure of antisocial potential. This is the first study exploring the AA scale outside of the scope of the CSDD and it reveals antisocial potential as a strong predictor of criminal behavior that should be considered in future research.
Deviant Peer Association as a Risk Factor for Firearm Carrying Among Justice-Involved Youth: The Mediating Roles of Exposure to Violence and Moral Disengagement
Authors: Wojciechowski Thomas W.
Published: May 2023

Deviant peer association has been identified as a risk factor for firearm carrying among adolescents. However, there remains a dearth of research examining mechanisms explaining this relationship. This study addressed this gap in the literature by examining victimization and moral disengagement as mediators of the relationship between deviant peer association and firearm carrying risk among a sample of justice-involved youth. The first four waves of data from the Pathways to Desistance study were analyzed. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to test for direct and indirect effects. Results indicated that deviant peer association was significantly associated with increased log-odds of carrying a firearm. While neither victimization nor moral disengagement significantly mediated this relationship, the combined mediation effect was significant.
Review and update of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS-LD)
Authors: Painter Jon , Adams Nicola , Ingham Barry , James Michael , Majid Madiha , Roy Ashok , Shankar Rohit , Smith Mark
Published: May 2023

Background:

The Health of the Nation Outcomes Scales for people with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS-LD) is an 18-item measure which provides a structured and standardized approach to rating various clinical and psychosocial outcomes and has been in use nationally since 2002.

Aims:

To revise and improve the HoNOS-LD’s utility in contemporary intellectual disability (ID) services whilst retaining its original objectives and five-point severity ratings.

Method:

ID clinicians were invited to complete an online survey, rating each item on the existing measure for being fit for purpose, identifying issues and suggesting improvements based on their experience of using the HoNOS-LD in practice. Scales were then assessed and revised sequentially; survey responses were used to inform discussion and revisions to the HoNOS-LD by the Advisory Board.

Results:

A total of 75 individuals replied. Respondents had used HoNOS-LD for an average of 8.0 years ( S.D. 5.28 years) and 88% found the scale to be useful in their practice. On average, respondents used HoNOS-LD ratings to inform care 42.4% of the time ( S.D. 33.5%). For each scale there was a significant negative correlation between the percentage of positive/very positive respondent ratings and the number of changes proposed. Common changes included simplifying terms, reducing ambiguity and replacing anachronistic language.

Conclusion:

The changes outlined in this paper are based on the advisory group’s expert consensus. These changes are intended to improve reliability and validity but now need empirical testing as well as review by service users.
Assessing Consumers’ Awareness, Disposal, and Participation Toward Electronic Waste in a Developing Economy: Evidence From Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Sameen , Armughan Mohammad
Published: May 2023

One of the rapidly growing wastes worldwide is electronic waste (e-waste). With the exponential growth in demand for electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), in Pakistan, on average, 390 kilotons (kt) of e-waste is generated yearly. Our study focuses on consumers’ (1) awareness of e-waste, (2) spending on EEE, (3) disposal of e-waste, and (4) participation toward e-waste management. We surveyed almost 550 individuals in Pakistan and used regression models for analysis. We find that 68.80% of the population is unaware of e-waste. Individuals between 18 and 32 years discard their e-waste at home. Our results are generalizable to similar developing country contexts.
How Threat Shapes Attention and Memory in the Himba, a Remote People of Namibia
Authors: Blumenthal Anna , Caparos Serge , Blanchette Isabelle
Published: May 2023

Threatening stimuli capture our attention more rapidly than benign stimuli, and threatening experiences lead to longer lasting and more vivid episodic memories. The common interpretation of these findings is that humans share an evolved fear response that enables prioritized processing of threats, providing a survival advantage. This response is assumed to be universal; however, these findings have been documented almost entirely in WEIRD (western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) populations. Here, we address this gap by examining threat detection and fear memories in a remote African culture, the Himba. We found that threats captured attention more rapidly than benign stimuli, and that fear memories, despite differing in content, were shaped by threat in a similar manner to that reported in WEIRD populations.
Drop-Set Resistance Training versus Pyramidal and Traditional Sets Elicits Greater Psychophysiological Responses in Men
Authors: Enes Alysson , Oneda Gustavo , Leonel Danilo Fonseca , Ramos Renan Alberton , Kvas-Cabral Vinnicius C. , Bernardo Mauro F. , Escalante Guillermo , Souza-Junior Tácito P.
Published: May 2023

We compared the effects of resistance training (ResisT) to pyramidal and traditional weightlifting sets on men’s psychophysiological responses. In a randomized crossover design, 24 resistance-trained males performed drop-set, descending pyramid, and traditional ResisT in the barbell back squat, 45° leg press, and seated knee extension. We assessed participants’ rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and feelings of pleasure/displeasure (FPD) at the end of each set and at 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes post-session. No differences were detected across ResisT Methods in total training volume ( p = 0.180). Post hoc comparisons revealed that drop-set training elicited higher RPE ( M 8.8 SD 0.7 arbitrary units) and lower FPD ( M −1.4 SD 1.5 arbitrary units) values compared to descending pyramid ( M Set RPE 8.0 SD 0.9 arbitrary units and M Set FPD 0.4 SD 1.6 arbitrary units) and traditional set ( M Set RPE 7.5 SD 1.1 arbitrary units and M Set FPD 1.3 SD 1.2 arbitrary units) schemes ( p < 0.05). In addition, drop-set training elicited higher session RPE ( M 8.1 SD 0.8 arbitrary units) and lower session FPD ( M 0.2 SD 1.4 arbitrary units) values than descending pyramid and traditional ResisT ( p < 0.001). Similarly, descending pyramid training elicited higher session RPE ( M 6.6 SD 0.9 arbitrary units) and lower session FPD ( M 1.2 SD 1.4 arbitrary units) than traditional set ( M Session RPE 5.9 SD 0.8 arbitrary units and M Session FPD 1.5 SD 1.2 arbitrary units) training ( p = 0.015). No differences were found in the temporality of post-session metrics, suggesting that testing 10 and 15 minutes post-ResisT was sufficient to assess session RPE ( p = 0.480) and session FPD ( p = 0.855), respectively. In conclusion, even with similar total training volume, drop-set training elicited more pronounced psychophysiological responses than either pyramidal or traditional ResisT in resistance-trained males.
Practical Technological Tools for Teaching and Connecting with Adolescent English Learners in the Post-Pandemic Age
Authors: Coronel Jacobo
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic ushered in a new era of technological tools that were used by language teachers to develop their students’ English language skills. As a result of the sudden shift to online instruction, teachers at the Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics Academy middle school had little time to prepare and had limited resources to deliver an innovative curriculum. However, when schools returned to in-person learning and when COVID-19 relief funds were allocated to the school site to purchase new technology, these teachers gained access to more technology in their classrooms than ever before. This paper describes how teachers at this site leveraged the technological tools to achieve two goals: making the curriculum comprehensible and engaging for English learners to raise assessment scores; and using the technology to connect with their students. To achieve these goals, teachers were taught how to coalesce their tools in three ways: translating texts; digitizing their paper-based lessons; and “mirroring” input from their tablet computers to a larger screen. During an eight-week training, teachers implemented these innovations in their classrooms, reported their successes and reflected on their practice. This paper describes how four teachers used these tools inside their classrooms for innovative English language instruction.