bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracting Single Source Geometric Error Value from a Double Ballbar Measurement Error Map
Authors: Saragih Agung Shamsuddin , Ko Tae Jo
Published: March 2013

The double ballbar (DBB) test is a well-known way to check the geometric error of axis interaction. The DBB test captures actual data from multiple error origins. Here, we define the DBB measurement result as the sinusoid error map model plus noise. Using this concept, we extract a single source geometric error value from the DBB error map by LS fitting. We considered the “noise” as mix error from other sources. To ensure the quality of a numerical fitting, we used a sinusoid model of each geometric error that was generated by simulation of axis movement based on homogeneous transformation matrices (HTMs) as general best-fit curve. To verify the proposed method, we extract a well-known geometric error of linear axes and compare it with the result from a commercial measurement system. This method is applicable to both a full circle and a truncated DBB test path. Then, we use the method to estimate the geometric error of axis interaction between linear and rotary axes in a five-axis machine. A sequence of DBB tests is arranged based on linear-linear and linear-rotary simultaneous motions. The tests contain seven DBB test runs with two setups, and are able to identify eleven geometry errors of interaction of axes in less time, and with less human “intervention” error.
Free Vibration of Fluid-Loaded Transversely Isotropic Magneto-Electro-Elastic Plates
Authors: Chang Tai Ping
Published: March 2013

In this study, the free vibration behaviors of fluid-loaded transversely isotropic Magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) rectangular plates are investigated. The mathematical formulation on the determination of added virtual mass for fluid-loaded MEE rectangular plates with uniform thickness is derived. Based on the recently proposed differential equation governing the dynamical responses of the MEE rectangular plates, a fluid-structure interaction model is established and analyzed. The added virtual mass incremental (AVMI) factor of the system is estimated by using the proposed approach and the added virtual mass can then be calculated. It is noted that the natural frequencies based on the proposed method are very useful for those people who are involved in the vibration analysis and design of the fluid-loaded MEE plate.
Friction Analysis on Vane of an Existing and of a Novel Multi Vane Rotary Compressor
Authors: Sarip A.R. , Musa M.N.
Published: March 2013

This paper presents results of a frictional analysis on a new rotating sleeve multi-vane rotary (RSMVR) compressor. The new five-vane rotary compressor is adapted from the existing concept of a rotating sleeve single-vane rotary (RSSVR) compressor, in which the extended rounded end of one vane is embedded into the inner surface of the sleeve which allows the vane to swing within a certain small angle. As the rotor rotates, this vane drives the sleeve which in turn pushes and pulls the vane into and out of the slot in the rotor, respectively. The other four vanes are similarly pushed into the respective slots in the rotor but slide out only when a sufficient centrifugal force is developed. The driving vane ensures that suction, compression and discharge of the gas occur at all speeds of rotation. Although the sleeve rotates along, due to eccentricity between the rotor and the sleeve, each tip of the four vanes still rubs against the inner surface of the sleeve. The focus of the present study limits its analysis on to only frictions between the vane tip and the inner surface of the sleeve and between the vane sides and the respective slot walls. The frictional analysis is carried out by first determining the instantaneous pressure inside the compression cell and all the associated forces that exist. This involves an analysis on the dynamics of each vane when it reciprocates and at the same time rotates eccentrically with the sleeve. The kinematics of the vane are modelled using cosine and sine rules taking the cell leading vane as a reference to the angle of rotation. In the operation the model estimates a dramatic reduction in friction which is up to 82% lower than that occurs in an existing design of an equivalent conventional multi-vane rotary compressor (MVR). A friction between the rotating sleeve and the two opposite end plates exists in the RSMVR compressor but does not in that of the MVR. This will be included in a later study but on a new integrated brushless DC motor RSMVR compressor concept and on that of the existing shaft driven MVR, to see the overall difference in the frictions exerted.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of the Liquid-Cooled LED Illumination Module
Authors: Jou Rong Yuan
Published: March 2013

High-power light emitting diode (LED) modules offer several advantages over conventional light sources, but require effective thermal management for optimal performance, such as liquid cooling or thermoelectric cooling (TEC). This study compared the thermal performance of high-power LEDs with liquid cooling and TEC using both the finite element method and experiments. We considered a mutichip module in which the LEDs are immersed in one of three different cooling fluids in a metal enclosure with passive cooling or a TEC module. In the experiments, temperatures were measured by thermocouples. The temperature and flow fields of the liquid-cooled package inside the enclosure were analyzed in detail using a numerical model, and the results were validated against the experimental measurements. In this paper, we discuss the major design considerations when using liquid cooling and TEC. Our results show that for the illumination module considered in this study, appropriate heat sink design is crucial to optimizing performance with TEC, which can enhance the heat dissipation for small and compact LED modules.
Effect of Acid Etching Durations on Surface Roughness and Residual Stresses of Lightweight Glass Ceramic
Authors: Chan Chia Yen , Chen Yi Cheng , Yang Chii Rong , Huang Ting Ming
Published: March 2013

The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of acid etching durations on the surface roughness and birefringence of lightweight mirrors made of ZERODUR® glass ceramic. Four acid etching durations (15, 20, 25 and 30 min) have been chosen at a fixed concentration. By using the photoelasticity, surface profiler and laser microscope, the results before and after acid etching have been obtained. It is found the maximum value of the retardation for the polished lightweight ZERODUR® mirror is up to 30 nm. In addition, residual stresses induced by the grinding process with an average grain size of 149 μm are relived after removing ZERODUR® material of a thickness of 60 μm.
An Appropriate Design in Dimensions of Submount with Extra-Low Thermal Resistance for High Power LED
Authors: Hwu Farn Shiun , Cheng Ho Chih , Hu Ya Hui , Sheu Gwo Jiun
Published: March 2013

A numerical simulation model to obtain the extra-low internal thermal resistance for submount of LED is presented. The 3-D numerical model for calculating thermal resistance is demonstrated on examining the aspect ratio of submount, the contact ratio between chip and submount, and the surrounding condition. According to the analysis by accurate numerical simulations of heat transfer; the appropriate dimensions for different conditions of ambient are determined. The thickness of submount should be over a specially designated value. Besides, a higher contact ratio between heat source and submount, a larger external convective effect, and the heat dissipated from symmetry axis of submount will decrease the spreading thermal resistance.
Parametric Study on Aerodynamic Performance of a Transonic Axial Compressor with a Casing Groove and Tip Injection
Authors: Kim Dae Woong , Kim Jin Hyuk , Kim Kwang Yong
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a parametric study on aerodynamic performance of a transonic axial compressor combined with a casing groove and tip injection using three-dimensional Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes equations. The front and rear lengths and height of the groove are selected as the geometric parameters to investigate their effects on the stall margin and peak adiabatic efficiency. These parameters are changed with constant injection. The validation of the numerical results is performed in comparison with experimental data for the total pressure ratio and adiabatic efficiency. As the results of the parametric study, the maximum stall margin and peak adiabatic efficiency are obtained in the axial compressor having 70% groove height of the reference groove. The stall margin and peak adiabatic efficiency in other cases are also improved in comparison with the axial compressors with the smooth casing and reference groove. The results show that both the stall margin and the peak adiabatic efficiency are considerably improved by the application of the casing groove combined with tip injection in an axial compressor.
Prediction of Swirl Flow and Heat Transfer through Square Duct with Twisted Tape Insert
Authors: Kang Ho Keun , Ahn Soo Whan , Lee Myung Sung
Published: March 2013

Numerical predictions of characteristics of turbulent flows through a square duct (30 30 mm) with twisted tape inserts and with twisted tape inserts plus interrupted ribs are conducted to investigate regionally averaged heat transfer and friction factors by using CFX 11.0 commercial code. The validity of the numerical results is confirmed by measurement. Reynolds numbers are varied between 8,900 and 29,000. A rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter (e/Dh) of 0.067 and a length-to hydraulic diameter (L/Dh) of 30 are considered. The square ribs are arranged to follow the trace of the twisted tape and along the flow direction defined as axial interrupted ribs. The twisted tape is 0.1 mm thick carbon steel sheet with diameter of 28mm, length of 900mm and 2.5 turns. Each wall of the square channel is composed of the isolated aluminum section. The present study demonstrates that the twisted tape with interrupted ribs provides a greater overall heat transfer performance over the twisted tape with no ribs in the square duct.
Shape Optimization of a Microchannel Heat Sink with Phase Change
Authors: Heo Man Woong , Choi Dae Woong , Kim Kwang Yong
Published: March 2013

Optimization of a microchannel heat sink has been performed based on the analyses of fluid flow and heat transfer with phase change using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The uniform heat flux condition is applied at the bottom of the heat sink. Three design variables, viz. ratio of microchannel width to height of the heat sink, ratio of fin height to heat sink height, and ratio of fin width to height of the heat sink are selected for the shape optimization. Latin hypercube sampling was used to determine the training points as a design of experiment, and the surrogate model is constructed using the objective function values at the training points. Sequential quadratic programming is used to search for the optimal point from the constructed surrogate model. The thermal resistance is set as the objective function. It was found that the thermal resistance increased with increasing ratios of the microchannel width-to-height of the heat sink and fin height to heat sink height, while the thermal resistance decreased with increasing ratio of the fin width-to-height of the heat sink. Through the optimization, the thermal resistance has been decreased by 37.3% compared to the reference geometry.
Simulation of NO Formation in Hydrogen-Air Counterflow Diffusion Flame
Authors: Wang Yan Peng , Wang Pei Yong
Published: March 2013

The combustion of hydrocarbon fuels produces large amounts of carbon dioxide. In order to cope with the challenge of greenhouse effect and global environmental protection. H2, as a cleaner and more energy-burning fuel, is being considered in many of the practical applications of combustion equipments. However, H2 fuel combustion will still produce pollutant NOx. Thus, the study of NOx emission is one of the most important topics in H2 combustion. With the classical counterflow burner, a numerical simulation of NO emission was carried out on the H2 diffusion flames. The stretch effects on flame temperature, NO concentration, and EINO are analyzed; the contribution of different NO generation routs are also quantified and analyzed. The major parameters influencing NO emission are flame temperature, radical concentration, and residence time, the observed relationship between stretch rate and NO emission is explained with the three major parameters.
Speed Design of Lift-Up Mechanism in a Welfare Vehicle
Authors: Wang Der An
Published: March 2013

This investigation studies the speed design of lift-up mechanism in a welfare vehicle that lowers and raises a seat from the side door of the vehicle. The seat functions like a wheelchair as it is landed to the ground. A parallelogram configuration is adopted in the mechanism design. A parallelogram linkage, in which a link rod is shaped as a cam, governs the motion of the mechanism. The cam pair mechanism, like a motion-generator cam, determines the motion to expand the lift-up mechanism. The system is kinematically analyzed. The constraint relations, velocity equations, and acceleration equations of the mechanism are obtained. The kinematic characteristics of the lift-up mechanism are investigated, which gives the guidance to design the speed of the system. The speed of the lift-up mechanism is investigated, in which the method of linear function with parabolic blends for a path with via-points is adopted in the trajectory planning.
Stability Analysis Model of a Quadruped Walking Machine at Walking up a Step
Authors: Chen Yu Gang , Tsai Jo Peng
Published: March 2013

According to the documents, an ancient Chinese carpenter named Lu Ban invented a four-legged wooden horse carriage in the Chou Dynasty in ancient China, around 480 B.C. This wooden horse carriage could simulate the walking gait of a horse very well but it needed a carriage to keep balance while walking. This paper proposes a method of stability analysis model for the locomotion of a quadruped wooden horse without the support of a carriage. First of all, four most unstable conditions are constructed based on the gait theory of the quadruped wooden horse. The stability areas are obtained by taking the intersections of supporting boundaries that are constructed under various unstable conditions for walking on even and uneven terrain. These results of the stability analysis model are useful for supervising the stability of locomotion of a quadruped.
The Analysis of Convergence of Shell Element with Rigid Body Displacements
Authors: Dan Yong , Wang Qing
Published: March 2013

Rigid body displacements have different form existing in shell element trial function, and there is a different opinion about its influence. It is borne out by adding rigid body displacements in isoperimetric shell element and solving numerical examples with several methods, that rigid displacement is so important for the convergence of shell element that shouldn’t be neglected.
The Novel Adjustable Mechanisms for Exact Multi-Path Generation
Authors: Soong Ren Chung
Published: March 2013

A design method of the novel adjustable mechanisms is presented for exact multi-path generation. A novel adjustable mechanism with minimal structure error corresponding to required exact paths and with a rotational input link and a linear input link is proposed also. The derivations of instantaneous displacement of the linear input link corresponding to angular displacement of the rotational input link are proposed as well. The required exact paths can be generated by varying the instantaneous displacement of linear input link while rotational input link rotates with a constant angular speed in a cycle. The design procedure of this proposed method is presented either. The examples are provided to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this proposed method.
Torsional Strength Analysis of Output Shaft in Portal Axle Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ooi Jong Boon , Wang Xin , Lim Ying Pio , Tan Ching Seong , Ho Jee Hou , Wong Kok Cheong
Published: March 2013

Portal axle unit is a gearbox unit installed on every end axles of the vehicle. It is installed to the vehicle to give higher ground clearance to enable vehicle to go over large obstacle when driving in off-road conditions. Shafts must be exceptionally tough and lightweight to improve the overall performance of the portal axle unit. In this paper, the shaft is analyzed in three-dimensional model and the stress of the shaft model is analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA result is compared with experimental results.
Powertrain Matching Based on Driving Cycle for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Gao Shang An , Wang Xi Ming , He Hong Wen , Guo Hong Qiang , Tang Heng Lu
Published: March 2013

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) is one of the most efficient technologies to solve the problems of the energy shortage and the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine vehicles, and its performance strongly depends on the powertrains’ matching and its energy control strategy. The theoretic matching method only based on the theoretical equation of kinetic equilibrium, which is a traditional method, could not take fully use of the advantages of FCHEV under a certain driving cycle because it doesn’t consider the target driving cycle. In order to match the powertrain that operates more efficiently under the target driving cycle, the matching method based on driving cycle is studied. The powertrain of a fuel cell hybrid electric bus (FCHEB) is matched, modeled and simulated on the AVL CRUISE. The simulation results show that the FCHEB has remarkable power performance and fuel economy.
Design of Energy Saving System for Hybrid Power Loader
Authors: Lv Qi Hui , Xiao Xin Yuan
Published: March 2013

In order to reduce loader engine installed power and save energy, we designed the driving scheme of power system for parallel hybrid loader by Analysis of different way of connection between diesel engine and electric motor. We chose ISG power electric multifunction and super capacitor as the core component to design the Loader auxiliary power system and movable arm cylinder gravitational potential energy recovery system. We established ADVISOR software model of hybrid power Loader, and the simulation results show that diesel engine installed power of the hybrid power Loader is reduced by 21%; fuel consumption is reduced by 9.2%. Through optimize control strategy, the diesel engine can always working in high efficient area or idle area. Practical application shows that this design scheme has the potential economic and environmental benefits.
An Automatic Aeroponics Growth System Based on Ultrasonic Atomization
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Yun Wei
Published: March 2013

An automatic aeroponics growth system is developed in this paper on the base of ultrasonic atomization which has more advantages to product nutrient mist compared with other traditional atomizing type. The system is mainly consist of two parts including the aeroponics culture mechanism and automatic control device. The structure of the growth system and its working principle are introduced in detail, and its components, software and hardware designing are given in the paper. In order to improve atomization efficiency of nutrient solution for uniform nutriment absorption at the root system, the ultrasonic atomizer, which can atomize the nutrient solution to the ultrafine particles of 1-5 microns diameter, is employed as the key component of system. Considering the effects of temperature and humidity on plant root growth, a digital temperature-humidity sensor is used to detect the environmental signal of the plant root system . The temperature and humidity information can be transmitted to MCU which automatically controls the actuators to adjust the temperature and humidity of nutrient mist in a expected range. The system with features of simple structure and convenient control can supply a experimental platform which is not only comfortable for aeroponics culture, but also convenient for morphologic observation of plant roots.
Innovative Application Research on CNC Machining Technology in Mould
Authors: Li Yan , Qi Jing Jia , Nan Yang
Published: March 2013

This paper mainly based on the analysis of current CNC machining technology in the application of mould, and combining modern development achievements of CNC processing technology and demand of mould industry, explanatorily puts forward the innovative application methods of CNC machining technology in the mold.
Study of Factors with Effects on Tracked Vehicle Driving Resistance Basis of Bekker Theory
Authors: Yang Cong Bin , Gu Liang , Lv Wei Wei
Published: March 2013

Tracked vehicle usually travels in soft ground, so the driving resistance is more complicated. In this paper, Terzaghi ground bearing capacity theory was analyzed. According to Baker pressure - settlement formula and retaining wall theory, compaction resistance and bulldozing resistance of the tracked vehicle were deduced basis of conservation of energy. Factors with effects on tracked vehicle driving resistance were analyzed by matlab simulation. The driving resistance variation was obtained. Theoretical support for tracked vehicle in soft ground running was provided.
Optimal Peer-to-Peer Maneuvers for Refueling Satellites in Circular Constellations
Authors: Yu Jing , Ouyang Qi , Chen Xiao Qian , Chen Li Hu
Published: March 2013

In this paper we visit the problem of peer-to-peer (P2P) refueling of a satellite constellation in orbit. Taking the telemetering time window constraint into consideration, a Two-level Planning Model is established. The up-level is mission assignment, which assigns fuel-deficient satellites to fuel-sufficient satellites in optimal pairs. The low-level is time distribution, which finds the time allotted for each rendezvous segment and associated minimum total cost. An example is given at the end of the paper. The solution shows that the methodology proposed in this paper can efficiently address the problem of P2P refueling satellites in circular constellation.
Rigid-Flexible Coupling Dynamics Simulation of 3-RPS Parallel Robot Based on ADAMS and ANSYS
Authors: Luo Hai Tao , Chen Zheng Cang , Leng Yu Quan , Wang Hong Guang
Published: March 2013

This paper mainly investigated the rigid-flexible dynamics simulation method of multi-body system. The 3-RPS parallel robot dynamics model is created by ADAMS (multi-body dynamics software) and ANSYS (finite element analysis software). In accordance with the flexible-body theory, we analyzed mechanical characteristics of parallel robot with no-load or full-load working condition, and got the deformation of end measuring point, maximum stress position and dynamics stress curve. The analysis method is more intuitional and accurate, and can increase the accuracy of dynamic response analysis of links under the dynamic loads. The simulation results create conditions for structure design and optimization of 3-RPS parallel robot.
Analysis and Evaluation on Compaction Property of Energy-Saving and Environment-Protecting Road Material
Authors: Yang Yan Hai , Gao Xiao Xi , Wu Jin Guo
Published: March 2013

The paper uses a new energy-saving and environment-protecting road material. On the basis of comparative analysis with the road all performance of hot mix asphalt SBS modified asphalt mixture, focuses on the compaction property at the new material lower construction temperature. The results show that the energy-saving and environment-protecting road material can effectively guarantee the performance of asphalt mixture and asphalt pavement after construction temperature is lower 30°C, forming a stable compaction interval and extend the construction time. Also can reduce the emissions of harmful gases on asphalt mixing and construction process, to save energy and protect environment.
DEA Based Performance Evaluation Model of Green Construction Supply Chain
Authors: Zhou Peng Fei , Bai Yu Hong , Ge Da
Published: March 2013

Green degree evaluation is one of the key problems to Green Construction Supply Chain (GCSC) Management. The influential factors of GCSC green degree can be analyzed from resource saving, pollution reduction and economic aspects. And the basic evaluative indexes of GCSC are discussed. Then, a GCSC evaluation model is proposed based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The application case shows the feasibility of the method for GCSC evaluation.
New Perspective of Low-Carbon Building Materials
Authors: Ye Wu
Published: March 2013

In the period of advocating low-carbon in the global, low-carbon building materials were studied in this paper. Through the analysis of low-carbon materials used during the remarkable World Expo buildings, the sustainability application of low-carbon building materials was analyzed in depth. Moreover, the property of technology innovation and geographical, ethnic, social attributes were analyzed. This paper is aimed to provide some guidance for the application of low-carbon building materials in the future.
The Energy-Saving Research of Southward Balcony in Heating Area
Authors: Feng Ming Zhi , Jin Bai Yang
Published: March 2013

As the shortage of global energy is increasing and the building energy consumption in the proportion of total energy consumption is rising, the reconstruction of energy saving for existing buildings gets more and more attention. Through the research on the situation of southward balcony in the heating area and analyzing the disadvantages of the current situation, the author puts forward a preliminary idea of energy-saving for southward balcony. The purpose of the idea is to reduce the energy loss and increase the efficiency in the use of solar energy.
Application Analysis of Small Sound Barrier on Soundproof Windows under Line and Point Sound Sources
Authors: Lei Yi Bin , Jin Mei Jun
Published: March 2013

Traffic noise can be classified as point and line sources according to different traffic flows. Intakes on bay windows and small sound barriers are always used to reduce the influences of traffic noise on high buildings along streets and improve sound environment in these residential areas. Through the studies of the diffraction sound attenuation difference curves of small barriers in point and line sound source conditions, this article aims at providing with not only feasible soundproof solutions and theoretical directions for the choice of sound insulation products, but also with theoretical bases for the research and exploration of acoustic proof windows. His template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
The Arch Support Construction and Hydration Heat Analysis of the First Bridge over Yangtze River in Hejiang
Authors: Luo Yan Feng , Qin Da Yan , Zhang Yun
Published: March 2013

The arch support of the First Bridge over Yangtze River in Hejiang used the stratified and graded casting process in mass concrete pouring process. By means of optimizing the concrete mix proportion design, using high mixing amount of fly ash concrete, reducing heat release rate of concrete early hydration heat, delaying the time of maximum temperature rise, and combining turn-over forms and water storage and other surface heat preservation measures, the temperature difference between inside and outside concrete was reduced and the cracking of mass concrete was avoided. Finite element analysis of hydration heat was done to verify the feasibility of the construction scheme.
A Method of Calculation on the Deformation of Column Piles in Deep Foundation Pit
Authors: Sun Lin Na , Liu Yan , Zhang Li Ming
Published: March 2013

During excavation of deep foundation pits, the effects of vertical deformation on column piles are often neglected while those uplifts may lead to destruction of internal supports. The factors leading to the column piles' vertical deformation mainly include basal uplift and vertical loads. In this paper, the causation and mechanism of the column piles' uplift are discussed. The influence of the additional bending moment due to the column piles' vertical deformation on the overall stability of the founda-tion pit is analyzed. A calculation method of the permissible value of vertical deformation is present¬ed. The method is verified by a practical case to be feasible.
Analysis on Deformation of Foundation Excavation Considering of Time-Space Effect
Authors: Sun Lin Na , Liu Yan , Zhang Li Ming
Published: March 2013

Time-space effect always exsites in the soft soils deep foundation. Combined with an engineering example, field data were analyzed by bar element method into which the time-space effect was taken account. Comparison between the test results and the field data indicated that the time-space effect is essential to the design and calculation of soft soils deep foundation.
Parametric Analysis of Temperature Gradient about Concrete Box Girder
Authors: Li Jian Qiang , Liu Hong Bin
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we use numerical methods, reveal that the temperature distribution regularity of the concrete box girder, find the direct cause of the temperature gradient, and explain the reason about internal cracks of box girder.
Simulation and Economic Analysis of the Soil Temperature Field when Concrete Heat Accumulation Piles Buried in Different Modes
Authors: Zhao Song Ying , Chen Chen
Published: March 2013

Embedding heat exchange tubes in concrete piles is a new and efficient method of exploiting and utilizing of the underground thermal energy. By setting up the model of heat exchange tube embedded in concrete piles and using the star-ccm to simulate the three kinds of pipe burying modes, the paper manages to achieve the temperature field distribution map of the soil around and to analyze the economy of this heat accumulation technique.
The Experimental Research on the Thermal Properties of Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials
Authors: Yan Quan Ying , Yue Li Hang , Jin Li Li , Huo Ran , Zhang Lin
Published: March 2013

This paper investigated the thermal performance of shape stabilized phase change paraffin and shape-stabilized phase change fatty acid. And the PCMs are mixtures of 60% 46# paraffin and 40% liquid paraffin, 65 % 48# paraffin and 35% liquid paraffin,30%capric acid and 70% lauric acid, 30%capric acid and 70% myristic acid. Support material is high-density polyethylene. The results in this paper show that: Thermal stability of both of the two types of phase change materials are good, thermal stability of shape stabilized phase change fatty acid is better than that of paraffin. Results in this paper can provide references and basis for the application of phase change material walls in the practice building.
Role of Corrosion in Life-Cycle Performance Evaluation of Existing Buildings with Steel Moment Resisting Frames: I
Authors: Chang Heui Yung
Published: March 2013

Corrosion attacks steel buildings mainly when the connections wait for welding on site. To investigate the effects, a series of experimental and analytical studies have been carried out. This paper summarizes the main results of the experimental studies. The steel welds with and without rust on the welding surfaces were tested and compared in details. The strength of the weld was found to decrease 5% on average. That’s because the rust raised the level of weld porosity. The results obtained above will be considered together with the effect of workmanship in the companion paper, as to assess the seismic reliability for existing buildings with steel moment frames.
Numerical Simulation on the Vertical Bearing Capacity of Large-Diameter Thin-Wall Tubular Pile with Rib
Authors: Liu Hong Kai , Xia Tang Dai , Liu Nian Wu
Published: March 2013

The load transfer mechanism of a special-shaped tubular pile with rib is studied by numerical simulation. The results show that a higher side friction can be observed for the radial surface of the rib and the circumferential surface than the side surface of the rib at the same displacement. The influence of rib length and width on vertical bearing capacity are also discussed. It can be found that the length of the rib has a more significant effect on the vertical bearing capacity than the width. The bearing characteristic of the tubular pile with rib is also compared with the ordinary circular section tubular pile to provide a guideline to the engineering application.
Research of Development Policy for Renewable Energy Industry
Authors: Bi Ting Yan
Published: March 2013

The issues of energy and environment were two outstanding problems to control our economical and social sustainable development. Our government focused on the development of renewable energy industry all the time, having taken some positive matching policies in order to promote development and utilization of the renewable energy, which has gained great achievements. But with the consumption increase of oil, gas and coal etc, pressures in the ecological environment protection were becoming larger, and energy saving and emission reduction, green development, development of new energy have become the world's economic development strategies. As for China, there are still many difficulties and problems realizing the sustainable development of renewable energy industry, and we need to take the positive study and learn from foreign advanced experience. In biological energy, water power, wind power and solar energy and some like, we need to establish and perfect the relevant measures, and further make the development of renewable energy industry clear in the position of the national strategies. And improving the more positive policy to encourage to support renewable energy industry development, and earnestly carrying out tax, credit, investment, pricing and subsidies policies, supporting renewable energy industry international standards, promoting new energy resources, saving and replacing the fossil energy are the strategic choices to guarantee energy security, optimize the energy structure, and promote national economic and social sustainable development, and protect the ecological environment responding to climate change, to adjust the industrial structure.
Empirical Analysis on Energy Forecast of China
Authors: Wang Jian Xiang , Zhang Hui
Published: March 2013

Based on some economic assumptions, derived the energy equipment and forecast model. Application of this model into China’s energy forecast shows that China’s optimal energy net import amount of 2008 should be 23872 to 30487 and that of 2009 should be 26957 to 33572 ten thousand tons of standard coal respectively, taking China’s energy security into consideration.
An Empirical Analysis of Time Window for Energy Consumption Inflection Point in China
Authors: Xu Guang Yue
Published: March 2013

Based on the environmental Kuznets curve theory, using of panel data of 27 provinces in China during 1990 -2008 and the panel unit root and cointegration methods, the time window for per capita energy consumption inflection point is empirically researched. The results are as follows: China and its eastern and central regions have the environmental Kuznets curve for per capita energy consumption, but it does not exist in the western region. On this basis, the paper studies the scenario analysis for achieving the inflection point of per capita energy consumption for provinces in the eastern and central regions and depicts their specific time path, and finds that China and its provinces in eastern and central regions can have the win-win and decoupling development between economic growth and energy consumption by reducing the energy intensity.
Design of Boundary Mode Flyback Control Auxiliary Power Supply of a PV Inverter
Authors: Li Ya Jing , Geng Wei Dong
Published: March 2013

This paper analyzes the principle of boundary mode flyback topology, presents a five-output auxiliary power supply of 3KW solar power inverter without the optocoupler feedback regulator circuit. The circuit has the characteristics of a simple structure, low cost, high efficiency and high reliability . The multi-output auxiliary power supply of the PV inverter schematic and a high frequency flyback transformer detail design are given. This power supply has been already used in an inverter. The experiment results prove that the auxiliary power supply has a stable work state, a low output ripple, a transformer without fever phenomenon, and meet the requirements of Solar power inverters.
Energy Consumption Reduction Decomposition Model Based on Input-Output Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Kang Run Bo , Yang Fen , Guan Ye Qing
Published: March 2013

According to the input-output table and energy consolidated balance sheet of 2002 and 2007, compiled physical-value energy input-output table of six major departments and then analyzed direct energy consumption index and completely energy consumption index of Jiangsu province. Using index decomposition method and SDA method, analyzed influence of changes in technical efficiency and structure on the energy consumption intensity fluctuation respectively from the whole and each department, conducted comprehensive evaluation index to comprehensively evaluate and analyze six major departments in Jiangsu province, so as to find out the main cause of the energy consumption intensity changes in Jiangsu province, and then according to the energy consumption reduction target in the “12th Five-Year” plan, we put forward relevant countermeasures：adhere to structure, technology and management energy saving carrying out together, put the industry as the main attack direction of energy saving and encourage and support enterprises to increase investment in science and technology.
The Application of Knowledge Discovery Model in Energy-Economy-Environment Sustainable Development Research
Authors: Shen Yang Shuo , Tan Zhong Fu , Shen Xiao Liu , Li Qiang Zhi , Ma Xin Ke
Published: March 2013

Energy-Economy-Environment (3E) is a very complex system, whose internal factors interact with each other greatly. There are great quantities of index data in the three areas which include energy, economy and environment, and there exist complex relationship among the indicators. Therefore, people hope to find a new pattern of 3E sustainable development for evaluation of the status of the 3E sustainable development. Using knowledge discovery theory the whole system builds a knowledge discovery model and finds the interaction of the index relationship. It is necessary to build an appropriate evaluation model for making predictions and precautions. This system realizes knowledge discovery model on 3E study which could provide theoretical basis and decision support for government.
The Game Analysis and Measures of Sino-Russia Oil Project Cooperation
Authors: Li Feng Sheng , Li Tie’ An , Ding Xin
Published: March 2013

The complementarities and mutual benefit of petroleum resource between China and Russia make the cooperation between the two countries be full of important strategic significance. It used game theory to analyze the strategic choice in the oil cooperation between China and Russia. In the process of the game, Russia is in the leading position, and it may lead it to hesitate in the choice because of the external factors. But in the consideration of the common strategic interests, Russia will choose the cooperation strategy. And the best strategy for Chinese government is to contribute to the strategic cooperation in petroleum with Russia. Therefore it put forward to promoting the further development of Sino-Russia Oil Cooperation.
Petroleum Enterprise Safety Investment-Benefit System of Gray Relational Analysis
Authors: Wang Yan Qiu , Hu Nai Lian , Jin Qiu Ying
Published: March 2013

Through analyzed the economic value curve of the oil enterprise safety investment and accident losses, it shows that the relationship between safety investment and accident losses was unified coordination instead of opposition. Established the oil enterprise safety investment benefit system of grey correlation model, and analyzed the safety investment factors of the petroleum enterprise and the correlation of security benefit deeply, it eventually determine that the sensitivity factors which affect oil enterprise security benefit is safety education investment.
The Empirical Research on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Situation of SMEs in Zhejiang Province - A Case Study of Ningbo
Authors: Liu Chun Chao , Yu Qian Shan , Li Jian Chun
Published: March 2013

Our group applies both quantitative and qualitative research methods to survey the current energy conservation and emission reduction situation of SMEs in Ningbo and find out the problems during the implementation process of The Comprehensive Program for Implementation of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction work and The Notification of implementation of SMEs’ Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Work from National Development and Reform Commission. Based on the new situation in implementation of SMEs’ work of energy conservation and emission reduction and the research results on energy conservation and emission reduction at home and abroad, our group puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on the implementation of national and provincial laws, regulations, policies and standards on energy conservation and emission reduction of SMEs in Zhejiang Province with the combination of the current economic situation and development trend of Zhejiang province.
Efficiency Evaluation of Energy Saving & Emission Reduction: Application of DRF and the SE-DEA Model
Authors: Guo Bin , Lu Yu Bo , Zhang Rong Xia , Guo Yan
Published: March 2013

Data Reduction Factor (DRF) and the Super Efficiency DEA (SE-DEA) model are employed to study the energy saving and emission reduction efficiency of Shanxi Province. Based on Shanxi’s 2003~2010 panel data, firstly the public factors with economic significance are selected from many input and output indices by means of DRF; secondly the efficiency values during 2003~2010 are estimated by plugging the public factors, which are nonnegative after transformation by threshold method, in the input-oriented SE-DEA model; finally the DMUs are sorted and the efficiency value and scale returns of each unit are analyzed in details.
Honeysuckle Drying by Using Hybrid ConcentratorPhotovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) Dryer: An Experimental Study
Authors: Geng Wen Guang , Gao Ling , Ma Xiao Xu , Ma Xiu Li , Yu Zong Yi , Li Xuan You
Published: March 2013

This paper presents experimental performance of a concentrator photovoltaic thermal (CPV/T) dryer for drying of honeysuckle flowers. The dryer consists of a perspex box structure. Heat for drying is provided by the excess heat of concentrator PV module and one fan powered by this concentrator PV ventilate the dryer. To investigate the experimental performances of the solar dryer for drying of honeysuckle flowers, 2 full scale experimental runs were conducted. Of which one experimental runs were conducted by hot air and the drying air temperature varied from 65°C to 80°C, the drying time was 5 hours. The other t experimental runs were conducted for natural sun drying for comparison, and the drying time was 5 hours too. Experiments were conducted for drying of honeysuckle in the month of June, 2012. Various half hourly experimental data namely moisture evaporated, honeysuckle surface temperatures, ambient air temperature and humidity, etc. were recorded to evaluate heat and mass transfer for the proposed system. The experimental results show that the quality of hot air dried products in terms of color, form, texture, etc. was high-quality dried products.
Research on Energy Development of Mid-West Region in China and Regional Economic Development
Authors: Song Mei , Ma Bing Yan , Wang Shu Xin
Published: March 2013

With further increasing demand for energy in China's economic development and the gradual depletion of resources in the eastern areas, the mid-west regions has become the key area of resource development for the future. How to implement the strategy of resource advantage transformation and avoid the risk of "resource curse" has become the focus of public concern. This article analyzes the relevance of the resource enrichment and regional economic development of six mid-west provinces of China. The results show that the "resource curse" phenomenon still exists in the mid-west parts of China, especially in Shanxi province. According to the analysis of the factors which result in these regions’ energy development problems and the important strategic position of energy development of Mid-west region, this article puts forward a series of policy proposals and measures to promote the development of mid-west region.
Investigation Research on Solar Heating Methods in a Typical City in Southern China
Authors: Wang Zhang Yuan , Yang Wan Sheng , Guo Huang Huan , Li Wei Guo , Zhang Gui Biao
Published: March 2013

In this paper, solar thermal utilization methods in hospitals, schools, hotels and factories in a typical Southern China city, e.g., Dongguan City, were investigated, which lead to the understanding of the heating methods in different types of buildings and the application ratio of different kinds of renewable heating systems, e.g., solar water heater, in all kinds of buildings. These will help reveal the usage of renewable energy for heating and its development in this region of China.
Study on Low-Carbon Emission Economic Pattern Based on Transformation and Upgrading of Zhenjiang's Industrial Structure
Authors: Li Wen , Mei Qiang , Wu Meng Yun
Published: March 2013

This paper analyzes the industrial structure of Zhenjiang city with multiple perspectives in Jiangsu province in China, such as: input structure, output structure and their contributions to GDP. The study focuses on the industrial structures themselves and the relations among them with the drawing of industrial economics theory, regional economics and priority economic growth theory. The shifting mode about Zhenjiang's industrial structures during the 10th Five-Year and the 11th Five-Year plans are presented in detail and in depth in this paper. The contribution to economic growth caused by upgrading of industrial structures in low-carbon emission economic model is analyzed. Finally, it is proposed an economic model system based on the transformation and upgrading of industrial structures.
The Performance and Development Trends of Low-Carbon Textile Materials
Authors: Liu Yu Ying , Ma Da Li
Published: March 2013

The impact of the deteriorating environmental issues on human survival and constraints on social development promotes awakening of environmental awareness, while the expanding of low-carbon consumption market and low-carbon technology revolution triggered by low-carbon economy model, has established a new direction for the garment industry, that is, low-carbon fashion. In order to comply with the objectives of environmental sustainable development, exploiting environmental and low-carbon textile materials has become one of the trends for textiles in 21st century. Regarding carbon materials as the core, this paper firstly discusses the concept and research significance of low-carbon materials, then enumerates several new low-carbon textile materials’ performance and applications: hemp fiber, colored cotton fabric, bamboo fiber, chitin fiber, etc. Through these listed above, it indicates the trend for low-carbon textile materials.
Research on Low-Carbon Tourism Development in Qinghai Province of China Based on Stakeholder Theory
Authors: Li Jiong Hua , Zhou Rong Zhu , Zhu Ying Bo
Published: March 2013

Under the background of low-carbon economy, low-carbon tourism has become the response of tourism industry to low-carbon economy. The low-carbon development of eco-tourism areas is the inevitable choice of the tourism industry to achieve sustainable development. The paper uses stakeholder theory to analyze the various stakeholders in the position, function and interest demands in low-carbon tourism development in Qinghai Province of China, and puts forward that the low-carbon tourism development needs to strengthen the leading role of the government and the main role of tourism enterprises, practicing low-carbon tourism consumption patterns as well as establishing the low-carbon life values.