bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychotherapy as Heuristic Search
Authors: Diederich Joachim
Published: October 2018

There is no coherent framework for psychological therapy available. From psychoanalysis to behaviour therapy, humanistic and third wave approaches, there are significant differences in terms of aetiology, methods and expected outcomes. Heuristic search, an important method in artificial intelligence (AI), can serve as a general frame of reference for psychotherapy. This approach is based on a clear definition of the starting and end points of psychological therapy and how to achieve identified outcomes; it allows the utilisation of particularly effective psychological interventions and a ranking of different forms of psychotherapy with regard to efficacy, time and effort. A cornerstone of this framework is the notion of "deep heuristic", that is, particularly effective psychological interventions based on clinical experience. It is likely that the heuristic search framework can be applied to interventions in psychiatry as well as health disciplines in general.
Subcoalition Cluster Analysis: A New Method for Measuring Conflict in Organizations
Authors: Ganz Scott , Schiff Daniel S.
Published: October 2018

The theory that firms are coalitions of competing interests is a cornerstone of multiple streams of research in management theory, many of which are as old as the field itself. However, there are relatively few quantitative studies that examine the dynamics of coalition building, conflict, and compromise inside of organizations. One important reason for this gap between theory development and empirical study is a lack of quantitative methods for identifying the fault lines that define intraorganizational conflict. In our paper, we propose Subcoalition Cluster Analysis (sCCA) as one such method. sCCA uses data from a set of agents who report preferences over pairs of alternatives to reveal a partition of agents that defines meaningful, representative, and stable subcoalitions. The partition of agents corresponds to an equilibrium in which each subcoalition's preferences reflect those of their members and each member is assigned to the subcoalition whose preferences they best align with. We then analyze three cases in which an organization or community faced the possibility of coalition-based conflict in order to show how sCCA can be used to study the social structure of conflict systems in a variety of empirical settings
Natural regeneration potential and growth of degraded Shorea robusta Gaert n.f. forest in Terai region of Nepal
Authors: Malla R. , Acharya B. K.
Published: October 2018

Sal (Shorea robusta ) has ecological, economical and socio-cultural importance. It is a dominant species in the Terai and Chure region of Nepal. Natural regeneration is the only relevant regeneration method for Sal in Nepal. This study intended to assess natural regeneration potential of Sal in ploughed and unploughed (control) sites. The study was carried out in Chetaradei of Kapilvastu district in an area of 4.79 ha. Two treatments (control and ground work i.e. ploughed) were applied to assess regeneration potential of Sal. The radius of the sample plots was 2 m, which were laid out systematically and the data were recorded from these plots in three consecutive years. Regeneration density was found higher in control site than ploughed site. T-test for regeneration density in three consecutive measurements showed that there was no significant difference between ploughed and unploughed conditions. The species composition was dominated by Sal in both ploughed and unploughed sites. Species diversity (Shannon Weiner) index was found higher in ploughed site than unploughed site in three consecutive measurements. Moreover, T-test showed that mean height of Sal was not significant in both ploughed and unploughed sites except in the first measurement. This study shows that protection from grazing and fire is essential for natural regeneration of Sal. However, ground work helps to increase tree species diversity but it is not necessary in degraded Sal forest.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 28, No. 1, 2018, page: 3-10
Locally identified criteria, indicators and verifiers for evaluating sustainable community based forestry: a case from Nepal
Authors: Pokharel R. K. , Tiwari K. R.
Published: October 2018

Community based forestry is seen in many countries as a way to enhance sustainable forest management through close involvement of local people. This paper aims to develop understanding of local perspectives on criteria, indicators and verifiers for evaluating sustainable community based forest management practices. This study includes ten different forest user groups ranging from full autonomy to semi-autonomy in making decisions regarding forest management practices covering three districts from three physiographic (mid-hill, inner-tarai and tarai) regions of Nepal. A village to village approach was used to acquire the perspectives from male, female and different castes. The findings show that local people identified four criteria, 26 indicators and 60 verifiers for evaluating sustainable community based forest management practices. Three locally identified criteria were found to be identical with the institutional topdown criteria. The paper concludes that understanding local knowledge, local practice and associated institutions are important to manage forest resources in a sustainable manner. There is also a need to have continuous collaborative works between forest professionals and local people to enhance sustainable forest management. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 28, No. 1, 2018, page: 37-47
Síndrome de Opalski
Authors: Reyna Villasmil Eduardo , Mayner Tresol Gabriel
Published: October 2018

El síndrome de Opalski es la presencia de hemiplejia ipsilateral asociada con síntomas del síndrome medular lateral. Diferentes estudios confirman que el infarto en tales casos ocurre a un nivel más bajo que el encontrado en el síndrome de Wallenberg. Se localiza debido a la presentación característica, el territorio único de suministro de sangre y el área pequeña de lesión. La implicación del tracto corticoespinal ipsilateral después de la decusación piramidal, o compresión de la decusación, podrían causarlo. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 71 años que desarrolló hemiplejia izquierda y dificultad repentina para caminar, acompañada de diplopía, cefalea, disfagia y vómito recurrente. La imagen de resonancia magnética demostró un infarto lateral medular izquierdo. La angiografía reveló estenosis distal y proximal de la arteria vertebral izquierda e hipoplasia de la arteria vertebral derecha.
El relato de la historia que nadie conocía: programa de medicina familiar para la transformación social
Authors: Morales Mario Ernesto , Muñoz Karen , Navas Yady , Ortiz Katherin
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: conocer el desarrollo del programa de medicina familiar de la Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS) de Bogotá DC, Colombia, diez años [2007- 2017] Método: mediante la sistematización de experiencias se compilaron las voces de quienes han hecho parte en la formación y evolución del programa, como egresados, docentes y personal administrativo. Resultados: se logró develar los momentos históricos más relevantes en la estructuración y organización, identificando los enfoques epistémicoclínico y comunitario que durante años han matizado la formación de residentes, los procesos administrativos, los convenios institucionales, así como los aciertos, desaciertos y tensiones. Discusión: el programa de ha estado permeado por los cambios en las tendencias teóricas dadas por el ámbito internacional. También ha demostrado su valioso aporte a la medicina familiar como disciplina dentro del  contexto colombiano.  Conclusión: el programa ha logrado consolidarse  a nivel nacional y ha mantenido un espíritu innovador, buscando siempre ser el primero en implementar nuevas estrategias y formas de aplicar la medicina familiar.
Conceptualization of Culture and Ethnicity within Social Work in Two Indigenous Communities
Authors: Nygård Reidunn Håøy , Saus Merete , Nicolai Shanley Swanson
Published: October 2018

This qualitative study compares social work in Sami communities within Norway and Native American communities in Montana in the US. A total of 39 social workers were interviewed. We investigated the conceptualization of culture and ethnicity, as well as the implications of these constructions for a culturally adequate social work practice. We find that social workers in Sápmi conceptualize culture and ethnicity as hybrid and fluid, while the social workers in Native American communities have a more fixed and static conceptualization. When working in Native American communities, social workers’ theme of inequality among groups, and the continuing effect of assimilation on family life. Among social workers in Sami communities in Norway, little attention is given to power relations among ethnic groups. These differences in construction affect both the framing and the legitimacy of culturally adequate social work within these two contexts.
Migrating (Grand)Parents, Intergenerational Relationships and Neo-Familism in China
Authors: Zhao Yan , Huang Yu
Published: October 2018

Based on a case study in one residential community in Shenzhen, China, this article explores the relationship between the migration of elder (grand)parents and the intergenerational relationship between the elders and their adult children. Specifically, we analyse how the intergenerational relationship influences and is influenced by the migration of the elders. The empirical data consists of eight qualitative in-depth interviews with elder migrants, who primarily migrated for helping with childcare. The analysis is embedded in theoretical discussions around Chinese descending/neo-familism (Yan, 2011, 2016), which depicts the significant changes that have taken place in Chinese family life, and new perceptions on the traditional ideals and norms regarding family relations in China (e.g. the notion of filial piety). Based on the analysis, this article argues that the migration of the elder (grand)parents is one specific form of descending/neo-familism, which entails an intergenerational solidarity that builds upon intimacy, with the focus and meaning of life flow downward to the third generation, as well as entailing aspects of self-salvation (Yan, 2017). However, it also identifies tensions between the generations that are further intensified by the migration, most notably the elder generation’s loss of autonomy and authority within the joint family structure. Furthermore, this article also raises some suggestions for social work intervention for this group.
Blues du post-partum : prévalence et facteurs associés parmi des francophones primipares et représentations chez des sages-femmes
Authors: Roux M. , Wendland J.
Published: October 2018

Objectif : Le but premier de cette étude était d’explorer la prévalence du blues post-partum (BPP) ainsi que des facteurs psychosociaux et obstétricaux associés dans un échantillon de femmes francophones primipares. L’objectif secondaire était d’explorer les représentations de ce phénomène parmi des sages-femmes exerçant en suites de couches.

Méthodologie : Il s’agit d’une enquête transversale descriptive et à visée étiologique réalisée auprès de mères primipares et de sages-femmes. Les mères, âgées de 18 à 45 ans, ayant accouché depuis moins de six mois, ont répondu en ligne au Maternity Blues Questionnaire et à un questionnaire sociodémographique. De plus, une série de questions a été soumise à des sages-femmes exerçant depuis au moins un an, portant sur leurs connaissances et leurs représentations du BPP. Leur recrutement s’est fait par e-mail, sur la base du volontariat, ainsi qu’au sein d’une maternité parisienne, entre février et mai 2017.

Résultats : Cinq cent onze mères ont été recrutées pour cette étude. Plus de la moitié (60 %) ont présenté un BPP, la plupart ayant présenté un blues classique (49,7 %) et 10,2 % un blues sévère. Les résultats montrent que le fait d’avoir eu précédemment une dépression, d’avoir un vécu de la grossesse négatif ou d’avoir manqué de soutien durant celle-ci est associé à l’émergence d’un blues post-partum. Trente sages-femmes ont été recrutées. Bien que ses manifestations soient bien repérées, le BPP fait l’objet de représentations en partie lacunaires ou approximatives parmi ces dernières. Ainsi, des expressions variées et laissant apparaître des caractéristiques ou causes supposées et inexactes du BPP sont utilisées pour le décrire. De même, alors que la variation hormonale est citée en cause principale par 80%de celles-ci, seulement 13,3 % évoquent le manque de soutien, pourtant un facteur prépondérant selon les études antérieures.

Conclusion : Au-delà de sa prévalence importante, la prise en compte d’antécédents obstétricaux et de facteurs psychosociaux associés à la survenue du BPP paraît importante afin de mieux le prévenir et l’accompagner. Une étude sur les modalités d’accompagnement du BPP par les sagesfemmes et les attentes des mères à cet égard serait bienvenue.
Організація аудиту безперервності діяльності державних підприємств
Authors: Selishchev S. V.
Published: October 2018

В статті досліджено основні фактори, що впливають на погіршення економічного стану державних підприємств та можуть спричинити припинення їх діяльності. Особливу увагу приділено організації аудиту державних підприємств, основаного на попередній оцінці ризику припинення діяльності. Надано практичні рекомендації щодо побудови плану та програми аудиту.
Класифікаційні особливості бюджетних елементів економічної безпеки
Authors: Bondaruk О. S.
Published: October 2018

В статті проаналізовано теоретичні аспекти економічної безпеки у взаємозв’язку з такими бюджетними елементами як “бюджетні інтереси” і “бюджетні потреби”. Обґрунтовано, що категорії “бюджетні інтереси” і “бюджетні потреби” посідають ключові позиції в теорії економічної безпеки в бюджетній сфері, оскільки відіграють провідну роль в процесі вибору стратегії її забезпечення. Здійснено класифікацію бюджетних інтересів за різними ознаками в контексті їх впливу на економічну безпеку держави.
Вектори підвищення ефективності управління прибутком підприємства
Authors: Furman І.V.
Published: October 2018

В статті розкриваються теоретико-методологiчнi основи управління прибутковістю підприємств. Представлено економічну природу прибутку та його роль у забезпеченні підприємницької діяльності. Наведено особливості управління прибутком підприємств у сучасних умовах. Окреслено вектори покращення ефективності управління прибутком підприємства.
Координація національної статистичної системи в контексті інформаційної безпеки
Authors: Osaulenko О. H.
Published: October 2018

В статті обґрунтовано необхідність побудови в країні національної статистичної системи (НСС) для забезпечення координації статистичних робіт. На основі систем- ного підходу надано визначення НСС, розкрито передумови створення і розвитку НСС, підкреслено роль державної політики координації в організації статистичної діяльності в межах НСС, наведено основні задачі єдиної національної політики з координації статистичної діяльності. Висвітлено різні аспекти функціонування НСС, обґрунтовано  необхідність  створення Національної статистичної комісії.
Систематизація затратоутворюючих факторів для цілей управління затратами виробничого підприємства
Authors: Radionova N. Y.
Published: October 2018

У статті розглянуто фактори, які впливають на затрати виробничого підприємства. Затратоутворюючі фактори класифіковано за двома категоріями: структурні і функціональні. Проаналізовано зміст структурних та функціональних факторів управління затратами. Показано вплив одного зі структурних факторів на затрати і прибутковість підприємства.
Fiscal Space for Health Care: Modern Approaches to Formation and Diagnostics
Authors: Stepanova O. V.
Published: October 2018

In the article an analytical review of theoretical approaches to the definition of the  fiscal space is conducted. The peculiarities of the interpretation of the essence of the fiscal space for financing the health care system in the contemporary economic researches are explored. It has been determined that fiscal space for the health care system is in fact one of the conceptual approaches for studying the optimal parameters and proportions of financing of the health care, as well as determining the potential reserves for its increase. Based on the study of foreign experience, it is substantiated that the main factors of fiscal space capacity building for health are: macroeconomic context; the need to ensure the fiscal sustainability in the medium and long-term; peculiarities of models of collection of financial resources, accumulation of financial resources and distribution of financing for the medical services; the priority of public financing of the health care system; the possibility of increasing public financing of health care and the introduction of additional mechanisms for increasing financial resources for health care. It is shown that the state can create fiscal space for financing health care system on the basis of three components: financial resources collection system; systems of accumulation of financial resources; system of distribution of financial resources for the provision of medical services to the population.

The analysis of the structure and volume of public health financing in OECD countries has been conducted. The results of the analysis allow us to notice the existence of various proportions of financing the health care, even in the context of the use of identical dominant financing mechanisms. It is determined that among the studied countries the share of countries with the budget financing mechanism of health care is the largest. It is shown that financing of the health care system in Ukraine is considerably smaller than in the OECD countries. The necessity of diagnostics the potential of fiscal space for the health care in Ukraine is substantiated. The indicators of diagnostics of fiscal space for the health care system are systematized in four projections, in particular: indicators of macroeconomic potential; indicators of fiscal capacity; indicators of the pressure of changes in health care expenditures on the fiscal sustainability of; indicators of demographic and social pressure. The need to diagnostics of the potential for fiscal space for health care should be interconnected with indicators of medium and long-term fiscal sustainability.
Life Path and Scientific Activity of Mykola Ivanovych Ziber
Authors: Halytska E. V. , Primierova O. K.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the scientific and practical activities of the outstanding scientist-economist, profound theorist, active publicist and prominent Ukrainian public figure Mykola Ivanovych Ziber.

The life of the scientist, his historical role in the development of political economy and statistics are considered. Mykola Ziber was a great connoisseur of classical English economic literature and the newest German economic literature. He systematized and popularized the ideas of classical political economy.

The contribution of the scientist to the development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of statistics is determined. Mykola Ziber actively used the historical-evolutionary and interdisciplinary subjection in the study of the interconnectedness of economic activity and legal economic relations. The scientist paid a lot of attention to the analysis of land relations and co-operation, industrial development and the impact of progress on socio-economic processes. A prominent economist with an analytical mind examined various historical and economic issues, analysed socio-economic processes in different countries of the world.

Great attention Mykola Ziber paid to questions of statistical classifications, defining their features and imperfections. He focused on the commonly defined division of statistics into three main groups: population statistics, economic statistics, and moral statistics. Scientist revealed the essence of the phenomena belonging to these groups and their classification.

The article describes Ziber’s attempt to build a program that would enable the development of material that characterizes social life. Mykola Ziber believed that it is necessary to study demographic processes and socio-physiological relation, generalize information that characterizes these processes, and more widely use average values. The author was convinced that in order to develop a holistic program for the study of social phenomena it was necessary, in addition to demographic processes, to study information on production and consumption. The program, developed by Mykola Ziber was one of the first, which was used by the statistics of Chernihiv region to study the socio-economic development of the country. It made possible to describe in detail the state of socio-economic phenomena. The author has sufficiently clearly defined all the necessary questions. A system of statistical indicators was formed, method of grouping was widely used, and objects were considered on a number of different features. Mykola Ziber’s work made a sufficient contribution to the enrichment of the methodology of statistical research.
KORELASI KEBERSIHAN BOTOL SUSU DENGAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT (ISPA) PADA BAYI USIA 1-12 BULAN
Authors: Hariyanto Hariyanto , Rohmah Eliya , Wahyuni Dinar Ratna
Published: October 2018

Acute Respiratory Infection is an acute infection involving upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract. This infection is causedby viruses, fungi and bacteria. At the end of 2000, ISPA reached 6 cases among 1000 babies and toddlers. In 2003, cases of infant mortality due to ISPA as many as 5 out of 1000 children under five.

This study aimed at determining the relationship of Cleaning the Milk Bottle With Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence. The research design was analytical method with cross sectional approach. The population was 57 people and sample size was 30 respondents who had infants during January - April 2017 who got acute respiratory infection. The sampling technique was Accidental sampling. Data of cleaning milk bottle were collected by interviewing mothers who had babies 1-12 months while data of the incidence of acute respiratory infection based on medical record of respondens. Data scored and analyzed by spearman rank statistical test.

Based on result of research got 46,7% or 14 responden, the cleaning of milk bottle were less cathegory and 73,3% or 22 respondens had acute respiratory infection. Result of statistic test showed ρ ≤ 0,05. the ρ value = 0,000. It was concluded H˳ refused and Hı accepted which mean there was correlation between the cleaning milk bottle with the incidence of acute respiratory infection at infant.

The researcher suggested to health workers and mothers to pay more attention to health care for their babies and the environment.
THE EFFECT AROMATHERAPY CAJUPUT OIL CONCERNING EMESIS GRAVIDARUM ON PREGNANT WOMEN TRIMESTER 1 IN INDEPENDENT MIDWIFE’S CLINIC NY F PONOROGO
Authors: Ulfa Rindang Fitriana , Haryuni Sri , Ediatmi Ediatmi
Published: October 2018

Emesis Gravidarum can be very disturbing activity and impact on the maternal and fetalmaternal obstacles. The incidence of emesis gravidarum in the world is 70-80% of thenumber of pregnant women, one non-pharmacological method that can reduce the intensityof nausea vomiting by cajuput oil.The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an influence of aromatherapycajuput oil on emesis gravidarum in pregnant women trimester 1 in clinic Ny F PonorogoCity Year 2015This research is survey research with cross sectional approach. Population in thisresearch is trimester 1 pregnant woman at clinic Ny F city of Ponorogo year 2015 whichamounted to 17 pregnant women taken by using total sampling. The data were analyzed byunivariate analysis with independent variable frequency distribution and dependent andbivariate analysis using Wilcoxon sign rank test.P-value value: 0.000 and alpha 0.005 Statistical test results show that cajuput oil has asignificant effect on emesis gravidarum intensity.It can be concluded that there is an effect of Aromatherapy cajuput oil onemesisgravidarum in trimester 1 pregnant woman, so it is expected that cajuput oil can beone of alternative non pharmacological method that can help to reduce the intensity ofemesis gravidarum
How Land Stripping Affects Quality of River in Pomalaa Nickel Mining, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ilham  , Hartono Djoko M. , Suganda Emirhadi , Nurdin Muhammad
Published: October 2018

Land stripping due to mining activity affects the river quality located in Pomalaa. An objective in this study is to analyze a change in water quality of rivers around Pomalaa nickel mining during and post-mining activity. The water samples were taken periodically from the rivers and developed data time series. The instrument to analyze Total Suspended Solid (TSS) was gravimeter. Meanwhile, the iron (Fe) parameter was analyzed by using spectrophotometric and Cr, Cr6+, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co and Pb analyzed via atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method. The pH determination was based on SNI 06-6989.11-2004 for evaluating water quality status. There are four class categories to determine water quality, where class A score is 0 (very good and has met the standard for quality), class B score is between −1 and −10 (mildly polluted), class C score is between -11 and -30 (moderately polluted), and class D score is ≥ −31 (severely polluted). The results showed that Huko-huko, Kumoro and Oko-oko rivers in Pomalaa were mildly polluted during the mining activity and moderately polluted as class II water. Total land stripping area between 2011 and 2016 was declining into 17,007 ha so that it was improving rivers quality.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Human Health Risk, Agriculture and Industry with the Qualitative Indices in the Bahar Plain, West Iran
Authors: Bahmani Omid , Palangi Sahar
Published: October 2018

The potential of scaling and corrosion in wells (Bahar plain, Iran) was studied during the years from 2004 to 2014. This study used the Langelier Saturation Index, Ryznar Stability Index and Puckorius Scaling Index to get the corrosion and scaling potential of water wells in Bahar plain for drinking, agricultural, industrial consumption, urban conveyance, and distribution pipes and used the Wilcox, Schoeller and Piper diagram for classifying the quality of water. Based on WHO guidelines the water samples were at the permissible limit for drinking water. The results of the Piper diagram showed that the water samples were classified into three water types of bicarbonate, calcium, and Ca-Mg-Na-K and the class of water were C2-S1 and C2-S2 using the Wilcox diagram. The mean value of the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI) and Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI) was 0.18, 7.25 and 6.56 respectively. Based on the LSI index, 55.3% of the samples were low scale and the 80% and 46.1% of the samples were corrosive and low corrosive, respectively. The results indicated that the drinking and industrial consumption of the water of this plain need to be considered.
Status of Macro and Micro Nutrients of Olive Orchard in Northern Iran
Authors: Lahiji Ali Ajili , Torkashvand Ali Mohammadi , Mehnatkesh Abdolmohammad , Navidi Mirnaser
Published: October 2018

Gilan Province, located in the north of Iran, is from among the main centres and critical poles of olive production in Iran. The average yield of Gilan Province olive orchards are about 2200 kg per hectare which is slightly higher than the average of global yield, but it is considerably lower than the European countries or the desired status. One reason is the nutritional disorders. The index of deviation from optimum percentage is a simple way to diagnose the orchards’ nutritional disorders. This index indicates the nutritional status of plant or shortage and/or surplus of nutritional elements and can be used for prioritizing the plant’s need to nutrients. This study was conducted aiming at investigating the nutritional balance of olive orchard using the deviation from optimum percentage (DOP). To conduct this research, more than 80 olive orchards with strong, moderate and weak yields in Gilan Province were selected. The mean concentration of nutrients (reference numbers) in the leaves of orchards with relative strong yield for N, P and K were obtained 1.54, 0.12 and 1.36, respectively and for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Br obtained 128.31, 44.79, 22.31, 4.95 and 27.05 mg/kg. The reference numbers obtained in this study can be evaluated in each olive orchard of the province. On the basis of index of deviation from optimum percentage, the need to nutrients were in this order: N > Zn > B > K > Fe > Mn > P > Cu.
Glia Maturation Factor and Mast Cell-Dependent Expression of Inflammatory Mediators and Proteinase Activated Receptor-2 in Neuroinflammation
Authors: Kempuraj Duraisamy , Selvakumar Govindhasamy Pushpavathi , Thangavel Ramasamy , Ahmed Mohammad Ejaz , Zaheer Smita , Kumar Keerthana Kuppamma , Yelam Anudeep , Kaur Harleen , Dubova Iuliia , Raikwar Sudhanshu P. , Iyer Shankar S. , Zaheer Asgar
Published: October 2018

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of inflammation-mediated dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. Inflammatory mediators from activated microglia, astrocytes, neurons, T-cells and mast cells mediate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Administration of neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induces PD like motor deficits in rodents. 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a toxic metabolite of MPTP activates glial cells, neurons and mast cells to release neuroinflammatory mediators. Glia maturation factor (GMF), mast cells and proteinase activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) are implicated in neuroinflammation. Alpha-synuclein which induces neurodegeneration increases PAR-2 expression in the brain. However, the exact mechanisms are not yet understood. In this study, we quantified inflammatory mediators in the brains of MPTP-administered wild type (Wt), GMF-knockout (GMF-KO), and mast cell knockout (MC-KO) mice. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of MPP+, GMF, and mast cell proteases on PAR-2 expression in astrocytes and neurons in vitro. Results show that the levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), and the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) were lesser in the brains of GMF-KO mice and MC-KO mice when compared to Wt mice brain after MPTP administration. Incubation of astrocytes and neurons with MPP+, GMF, and mouse mast cell protease-6 (MMCP-6) and MMCP-7 increased the expression of PAR-2. Our studies show that the absence of mast cells and GMF reduce the expression of neuroinflammatory mediators in the brain. We conclude that GMF along with mast cell interactions with glial cells and neurons during neuroinflammation can be explored as a new therapeutic target for PD and other neuroinflammatory disorders.
Analysis of torque fluctuation characteristic for toroidal electromechanical drive
Authors: Liu Xin , Sun Maopu , Chen Xiaoxia
Published: October 2018

In toroidal electromechanical drive, torque fluctuation has important influences on the operational performance of the drive system. In this study, the equations of the electromechanical coupled forces and the output torque for the drive are presented by means of electromagnetic theory and mechanical principle. The influence factors of output torque are analyzed. There are periodic changes in output torque and the change mainly depends on the face width angle of the worm and the tooth number of planet. The changes of the output torque are analyzed and classified into four cases. The pulsed and continuous modes of torque change along with rotating angle are presented as well. The fluctuation ratios of the drive system are calculated quantitatively. Results show that the face width angle of the worm has obvious effect on output torque and its fluctuation ratio. The results are useful for optimal design of the drive and controller design for its periodic fluctuation.
Influence of size on anisotropic thermophysical properties of magnetic suspensions
Authors: Iwamoto Yuhiro , Kondoh Syuhei , Ido Yasushi , Yamamoto Hisashi , Nishida Hitoshi , Yamasaki Haruhiko , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Jeyadevan Balachandran
Published: October 2018

Thermophysical and rheological properties of magnetic suspensions, in which nm- and/or μm-sized magnetic particles disperse, are tunable by applying a magnetic field externally. In the present study, the influence of the size of magnetic particles on the thermophysical and rheological properties was investigated. Four types of the magnetic suspensions were prepared with varying the volume fractions of nm- and μm-sized magnetic particles. The total fraction of the magnetic particles in all samples was adjusted to be 6 vol.%. The thermal conductivity in the presence of homogeneous magnetic field was measured by the originally-designed transient hot-wire method (TPSY02, CLIMA-TEC). And the steady-state rheological behaviors were investigated by a magnetorheometer (MCR302, Anton-paar). As the obtained results, the thermal conductivity was enhanced when the magnetic field was applied parallel to the temperature gradient for all samples. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity decreased when the magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the temperature gradient in the case that both the nm- and μm-sized magnetic particles were dispersed. It was also found that the fluid only with the nm-sized magnetic particles showed a Newtonian-like behavior even in the presence of magnetic field. When the μm-sized magnetic particles were mixed and the fraction increased, the rheological behavior changed from Newtonian to viscoplastic fluid.
The advantage of experience: Analyzing the effects of player experience on the performances of March Madness Teams
Authors: Pifer N. David , DeSchriver Timothy D. , Baker Thomas A. , Zhang James J.
Published: October 2018

Every March a sample of the top Division I men’s basketball programs in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) gather to compete in March Madness, a grueling single elimination tournament that captures the attention of millions of viewers and shines a prominent spotlight on the 68 teams that are competing for college basketball’s national championship. Interspersed amongst the numerous financial incentives that exist for each university, and the millions of dollars that are wagered on brackets and bets, are the suggestions of media members, coaches, and players as to which factors are important to teams in their quest for success. One common suggestion argues that player experience provides a benefit to teams as they attempt to handle the pressure and maintain their composure amidst one of the most hectic postseasons in all of sport. However, there have been few studies conducted to analyze the effects that the two primary categories of player experience (i.e., prior postseason experience and class rank) have on the performances of March Madness teams. Therefore, this study sought to test the validity of the assumption by using a series of empirical models to analyze player performance and experience data from the 693 games that took place during the 2007 to 2017 March Madness tournaments. The findings suggest that simply having a higher class rank than an opponent offers no discernible advantage at any stage of the competition, but that possessing more prior March Madness experience may significantly improve a team’s margin of victory in the later rounds.
Research of the system of information providing for safe pharmacotherapy pregnancy in the world
Authors: Maksymovych N. M. , Mudrak I. G. , Zaliska O. M.
Published: October 2018

Improvement of information provision for safe and rational use of medicines at pregnancy is a priority task for all system of healthcare in the world. The purpose of this study was to analyze and carry out a systematic analysis of information sources, databases, registries operating on the international, state, professional levels on the safe use of medicines, including duration pregnancy in the countries of the world. Summarized recommendations, directives of the World Health Organization about safety of pharmacotherapy, especially during pregnancy, and the need for improvement information provision for the appointment of drugs during pregnancy, since 50% and more pregnant women use more than 4 drugs.

Systematized the main sources of information, a database of safe use of medicines during prеgnancy in Europe and the United States on professional levels, as well as specially for patients. The directions of the real word data collection were shown and made the establishment of registries of pregnant women taking medications that allow monitoring of adverse reactions during pregnancy. The modern trends on improving information provision by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also for instructions and labeling of drugs depending on the risk category of pregnancy were presented. The use of modern information sources, databases, patient registries is relevant to provision of rational use of medicines, especially for pregnant women in Ukraine.
Synthesis and anticancer properties of 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxymethyl)-3R-4-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,2а,8а-triazacyclopenta[cd]azulene derivatives
Authors: Demchenko S. A. , Dudnik A. E. , Bukhtiarova T. A. , Bobkova L. S. , Demchenko A. M.
Published: October 2018

In recent years, attention to itself is attracted to the problem of treatment of cancer that is caused by increase in patients, especially of working age. Therefore, the enlargement of the arsenal of anticancer medicines of a wide spectrum of action is actual.

The purpose of the study was to synthesize substances with potentially antitumor properties in a series 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxymethyl)-3R-4-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,2а,8а-triazacyclopenta[cd]azulene derivatives and to study the effect of synthesized compounds on inhibition of growth (or their destruction) of a wide range of cancer.

The objects of the study were derivatives of 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxymethyl)-3R-4-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,2а,8а-triazacyclopenta[cd]azulene, which were synthesized by refluxing 3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxymethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5Н-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepine with с appropriate α-halogenketones in ethyl acetate and further cyclization in an alkaline medium. Использовали данные NMR 1Н spectroscopy data were used. The primary evaluation of anticancer activity was carried out National Cancer Institute of Health, USA within the Development Therapeutic Program.

A series of new of 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxymethyl)-3R-4-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,2а,8а-triazacyclopenta[cd]azulene derivatives was synthesized, their structure and purity were confirmed by NMR 1Н spectroscopy. The anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds was studied both at a concentration of  10-5 mol/l and in a concentration gradient of 10-4‒10-8 mol/l in experiments in vivo on cancer cell lines. It is shown that insertion of methyl group into position 3 of heterocyclic system of the basic structure of 4-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,2a,8a-triazacyclopenta[cd]azulene leads to an increase in the anticancer effect.

It is found that the tested compounds showed high anticancer effect on all types of cancer cell lines investigated – leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, CNS cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer.
Synthesis and physical-chemical properties of some 5-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives
Authors: Bihdan O. A. , Parchenko V. V.
Published: October 2018

There are engaged scientists practically from all over the world to the 1,2,4-triazole system research but the greatest attention deserve the achievements of domestic scientists who managed from the very beginning to register new original medicines in Ukraine. There is no doubt that the original attempt of combining various typical fragments with the nucleus of 1,2,4-triazole is gaining popularity among researchers.

The purpose of our work was to synthesized and investigate a row of new 5-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols by a Sulfur atom, to study the physical-chemical properties of previously unsubscribed compounds.

The chemical names of the compounds are given in accordance with the IUPAC nomenclature (1979) and the IUPAC recommendations (1993). Investigations of the physical-chemical properties of the obtained compounds were carried out according to the methods which are given in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The melting point was determined on an automatic device for determining the melting point OptiMelt Stanford Research Systems MPA100 (USA). The elemental structure of the new compounds was established on the element analyzer Elementar Vario L cube (CHNS) (standard - sulfanilamide). The data of elemental analysis correspond to the calculated. The 1Н NMR-spectra of the compounds were recorded using a «Mercury 400» spectrometer, the solvent DMSO-d6, the internal standard – tetramethylsilane (TMS) and decrypted using the SpinWorks computer program. Chromate-mass spectra were recorded on an Agilent 6890N/5973N/FID spectrometer produced by Agilent Technologies with a Dean microflow switch.

By the experiment results there were obtained eleven previously unidentified individual compounds light yellow and white color which are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. The crystallization process was carried out in isopropanol.

Using a complex approach with the use of modern physical-chemical methods of analysis we confirmed the structure of 5-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 3-alkylthio-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 1,4-bis((5-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)propane and 1,4-bis((5-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)butane.

The individuality of the synthesized compounds was confirmed chromatographically, the constants peaks of the pseudo molecular ions of the synthesized compounds coincide with the calculated values of the molecular masses.

We first synthesized 5-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiol which was further used as a starting material in the synthesis of new 3-alkylthio-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 1,4-bis((5-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)propane and 1,4-bis((5-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)butane. Complex physical-chemical methods of analysis confirmed the structure of synthesized compounds.
Acute toxicity parameters of a highly-dispersive silica and pgmg-gc composite in mice after intragastric administration
Authors: Doroshenko A.
Published: October 2018

The emerging and steady increase of microbes that are resistant to antimicrobial treatments has become a global public health concern that threatens the effective treatment of infectious diseases, therefore, the development of new medicines with antimicrobial properties is one of the priorities of the health systems.

Cationic detergents, which, as a result of the combination of their surface activity and bactericidal properties, are promising for use in pharmacy and medicine. One of the representatives of the cationic surfactant group is polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PGMG-GC) which was shown to be less toxic compared to some other disinfectants and effective against a wide spectrum of microbes.

The aim of the study was to determine the acute toxicity parameters of a highly-dispersive silica (HDS) and PGMG-GC composite in mice after intragastric administration.

The study was carried out on 23 BALB/c female mice weighing 18–22 g. To determine the toxicity, the animals were divided into the following groups. The first group was intragastrically injected with a composite of HDS and PGMG-GH, the second group was given a suspension of HDS, the third group was given a solution of PGMG-GC, and the fourth (control) group was treated with water for injection.

The mass of the animals was determined before and on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after the composite administration. Administration of PGMG-GC or PGMG-GC + HDS composite caused significant decrease in body weight at 3rd and 7th day compared to control with further normalization on day 14. No significant changes of body weight were found in HDS group.

No death of mice occurred after a single intragastric injection of the HDS + PGMG-GC composite during 14 days of the study. For the solution of PGMG-GC (without HDS), lethal cases were reported 2 h after the treatment at a dose level of 400 mg/kg. The condition of the animals survived normalized and, by the day 14, it corresponded to that in the control group for the most of the signs of toxicity indicating the reversibility of the toxic effect of PGMG-GC.

Therefore, PGMG-GC is less toxic whet it is used as a part of the composite. Since no lethal cases were reported after a single intragastric administration of the composite at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg of body weight, the composite HDS + PGMG-GC appears to be low toxic according to the classification of substances by toxicity.
Control of elemental impurities in herbal medicines
Authors: Baula A. P. , Derkach Т. М.
Published: October 2018

The standardisation of plant raw materials is among the most important problems of the production of herbal medicines. Medicinal plant raw materials are of complex nature and can be contaminated with impurity elements. Therefore, the content of elemental impurities typical for plants should be controlled in comparison with the existing conceptions of recommended or permitted daily exposures of human consumption of some chemical elements.

The paper goal was to study the existing approaches in the world to the fixing of elemental impurity content in herbal medicines and comparative analysis of their permitted daily exposures.

The following methods were used to implement the research goal: system approach, bibliographic and information search, statistical methods, as well as generalisation and analysis.

The work is based on the analysis of documents of World Health Organisation and appropriate organisations of leading countries. The contents of 28 elements were shown to normalise in these documents. Depending on their toxicity and probability of ingress into drugs, the elements are divided into four classes. This approach creates a clear idea of the potential effects of elements on the human organism and also illustrates the sensitivity requirements for analytical methods to be used for elemental control. In medicinal plants as well as in plants that are used as food additives and spices, the content of the five most toxic elements (As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr) is fixed. For other impurities in medicinal plants, there are no universally recognised limit values in contrast to medicinal products. Therefore, when analysing the quality of herbal medicines, one should take into account permitted daily exposures of human consumption of individual chemical elements used for the quality control of foodstuff and drinking water as well as environmental protection.