bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDENT ASSOCIATIONS AND COMMUNITIES: FORMATS AND RESULTS OF ACTIVITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE CONSORTIUM OF UNIVERSITIES “UPPER VOLGA - THE TERRITORY OF INNOVATION”)
Authors:   Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sokolov Alexandr V. , Frolov Alexandr A. ,   Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Isaeva Elena A. ,   Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Grebenko Egor D. ,   Demidov Yaroslavl State University
Published: April 2024

The article reveals the features of the functioning of student associations and organizations in the context of modern socio-political reality. The purpose of the study is to identify the perception of students of public associations, their formats and the results of their activities. The empirical basis of the study is the data obtained during a series focus group interviews and expert interviews. The main research platform is the consortium of universities «Upper Volga - the territory of innovation». The main value-orientation attitudes of modern youth and students, their attitudes to citizenship, power and the social structure of modern society are revealed in the theoretical part of the paper. In the study itself, the actual situation was revealed both in the youth and student associations themselves, and the specifics of their interaction with students and the educational institution as a whole. Thus, in the course of the study, it was found that the awareness and involvement of students in the activities of youth associations remains at a low level. In turn, the broadcast topics and formats of the work of these organizations do not fully reflect the needs and preferences of modern students, which forms a certain distance between active and inactive students. The results of the study suggest that communication with students through university associations and organizations can be difficult and ineffective.
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF MODERN PRACTICES OF STRATEGIES TO JUSTIFY THE TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY OF RUSSIA
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ignatjeva Olga A. ,   Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences – a branch of Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khomyakov Dmitry O. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences – a branch of Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2024

The formation of a policy of technological sovereignty is one of the most relevant and leading trends in Russian public policy in 2022. It has its origins in discursive practices and is gradually realized in social reality in the form of specific measures to build technological and industrial sovereignty in certain industries. The policy of technological sovereignty is inextricably linked to the preservation of national sovereignty, so the definition of the hegemonic content of this concept in Russian political discourse cannot be overestimated. Today in the discursive field there are three main strategies for justifying the policy of technological sovereignty: civilizational, economic and technocratic. Thus, the civilizational character is defined by us if the speech refers to the discourse of technological sovereignty policy underlying by national security and national sovereignty concepts, economic - if the idea that technology allows to have an economic advantage and develop the economy prevailed, technocratic - if the discourse of self-sufficiency and security of a particular industry, often justified by examples of import substitution policy from 2014. The purpose of this work is to identify the main strategies for substantiating the policy of technological sovereignty of Russia by analyzing the discourses of influential politicians and technocrats. The study was conducted using N. Fairclough's critical discourse analysis methodology. In the course of the analysis politicians' and experts' speeches were classified according to the strategies of justifying the policy of technological sovereignty, taking into account the speaker's position, justification concepts and speech tropes.
CONTENT ASPECTS OF ALL-RUSSIAN CIVIL IDENTITY: PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Polunov Alexander Y.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the current status and of the evolution of the national civic consciousness in modern Russia. Author asserts that this form of identity is based on fairly strong social foundations. Among them are the widespread usage of Russian language which unifies different ethnic groups, stability in the sphere of interfaith relations, and the notion inherent to the majority of citizens that there is no ground for serious inter-ethnic conflicts in the country. At the same time, the development of a national consciousness engenders a number of problems. This form of identity is understood primarily as loyalty to the state. Its deeper spiritual and value foundations have not been sufficiently developed. The feeling of belonging to the all-Russian community is being experienced often mainly at the emotional level, its cognitive component is not clearly expressed. This is due to a number of factors, in particular, the lack of a generally recognized historical narrative in Russia, shared by the entire society. The key events of national history that determined the course of the country's development still evoke various, sometimes opposing assessments. At the same time, there is an acute demand in society for strengthening national unity, the search for ideological principles that unite all citizens of Russia. This request is expressed, in particular, in a high assessment of the Soviet past, when the society had the clearly defined goals and guidelines for the country's development. Such sentiments are characteristic of the population of Russia as whole and of its separate regions. Noting that the ideological evolution of society is far from always accessible to external regulation, the author at the same time emphasizes that state and public leaders, the academic and expert community should make a feasible contribution to solving the problems facing the country.
IDENTITY POLITICS IN URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS: A REVIEW OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Grishin Nikolai V.
Published: April 2024

This article is the first review of scientific literature in the field of studying the identity politics in agglomerations. The main achievements, trends, topics, problems and prospects for the development of research field are identified. The review covers scientific publications in Russian and foreign science, starting from the first works in this field of study at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries. The consequences of the use of many terms to designate agglomerations in English-speaking science are characterized. The features of the formation and development of the research agenda in the field of studying the identity policy of agglomerations are revealed. Attempts to reveal the identity of residents with agglomerations in empirical studies of European scientists are characterized. The opinions of leading scientists on the influence on the degree of identity with agglomerations of such factors as the size of the agglomeration and the degree of centralization of the agglomeration are presented. The methodological influence of the "city-region" approach on the peculiarities of considering conflicts between the identity of agglomerations and both urban and regional identities is characterized. The main results of research by European scientists on differences in the degree of identity with the agglomeration between the inhabitants of certain territorial zones, primarily the metropolitan core and periphery, are presented. The results of studies of the role of government and business actors in the constructing the identity of agglomerations are systematized. Since almost all major scientific publications in this field are produced by specialists in the field of regional studies and urban studies, but not by specialists in the study of identity issues, the emerging theoretical problems of identity politics are left without due attention.
Identifying daily water consumption patterns based on K-means Clustering, Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering, and Spectral Clustering algorithms
Authors: Guo Hongyuan , Liu Xingpo , Zhang Qichen
Published: April 2024

Understanding daily water consumption patterns is crucial for efficient management and distribution of water resources, as well as for promoting energy conservation and achieving carbon peaking and neutrality targets. It compares performance of three clustering algorithms, K-means Clustering (KC), Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), and Spectral Clustering (SC), using Silhouette Coefficient Index (SCI) and Calinski–Harabasz Index (CHI) as evaluation metrics. We conducted a case study using original hourly flow series of a water distribution division. It aims to identify typical daily water consumption patterns and explore factors that influence them. Findings are as follows: (1) among the three algorithms, KC demonstrates the best, with SCI of 0.6315, 0.5922, and 0.6272, and CHI of 305.9207, 274.1120, and 302.4738 for KC, AHC, and SC, respectively. (2) KC successfully identifies three distinct typical daily water consumption patterns. (3) Results indicate a significant impact of seasons on daily water consumption patterns. (4) Conversely, weekdays and holidays have minimal effect on daily water consumption patterns. It highlights the importance of comprehending daily water consumption patterns and underscores the effectiveness of KC in identifying such patterns. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significant influence of seasons while revealing limited impact of weekdays and holidays on daily water consumption patterns.
Innovating Nature-based Solutions: learnings from the EU Horizon 2020 RECONECT project
Authors: Penny Jessica Sarah , Dlugoborskyte Vytaute , Draper Kate , Fonseca Alvaro , Baker Kate , Chen Albert S. , Manojlovic Natasa , Vojinovic Zoran
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes a specialised framework that integrates the Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) and the Commercial Readiness Index (CRI) to assess learnings from a Horizon 2020 (H2020) project on innovation development via the selection and enhancement of supporting tools and technologies for Nature-based Solutions (NbS) implementation and evaluation. We developed and applied the methodology to scout NbS-related innovations that are at a certain TRL and had the potential for commercial exploitation, and then included tailored activities to help these solutions to reach at least CRI-1 (i.e. have the business model outlined, initial market research done, business case formulated). The tools and technologies were assessed through a lens of innovation, explication, and upscaling. As a result, novel guidelines tailored for NbS innovations were established to introduce a participatory approach in TRL and CRI evaluations to support commercial exploitation for upscaling NbS into mainstream society through market uptake of H2020 frameworks.
Evaluation of water shortage and instream flows of shared rivers in South Korea according to the dam operations in North Korea
Authors: Lee Jae-Kyoung , Jang Suk Hwan
Published: April 2024

The Korean Peninsula's mountainous terrain poses challenges to effective water resource management. Notably, two significant river basins, North Han River and Imjin River basins, are essentially shared rivers originating in North Korea. After the construction of various dams in North Korea, billions of tons per year of water annually decreased from the upper reaches of these rivers of North Korea to South Korea. This study conducted an impact analysis on two major river basins affected by dam operations in North Korea. Both before and after the Imnam Dam operation, significant reduction (27.7%) in the average monthly inflow was observed, and the total release of the Hwacheon Dam in South Korea decreased by 40.2%. The analysis of instream flow indicated that the operation of dams in North Korea had a substantial impact on fulfilling instream flow requirements for dams located in North Han River and Imjin River basins. To ensure instream flow, this study proposed two plans. The first plan involved the utilization of existing dams in the North Han River basin, while the second plan suggested connecting the dams in North Korea, taking into account the shared rivers.
Bed morphology and turbulent anisotropy in a curved flexible bed channel
Authors: Ghani Waseem , Shah Shagoofta Rasool , Kumar Bimlesh
Published: April 2024

The present study analyzed the curved channel with the flexible bed for its morphology and structural turbulent anisotropy. The result of the bed morphology shows that erosion on the outer bend of the channel was prominent, and sediment deposition was pronounced in the inner bed of the channel. Erosion and sediment deposition rates increase with the flow rate and time. The analysis presents an anisotropy invariant (Lumley triangle) for flow turbulence at different channel sections. At the apex of the curved channel, a pancaked structure with a higher magnitude confirms the presence of helical flow in the apex region. The presence of a cigar-shaped structure with a high magnitude on the right side of the bend compared to the left side may be attributed to higher turbulence on the right side (outer bend), which may result in erosion at the outer bend and lesser turbulence on the left side (inner bank) may result in sediment deposition.
Physicochemical parameters affecting the adhesion of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli to activated sludge
Authors: Nakaya Yuki , Nagahashi Natsumi , Hirano Reiko , Ishizuka Yusuke , Satoh Hisashi
Published: April 2024

To investigate the physicochemical conditions necessary to stably remove antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) via contact with activated sludge (AS), the adhesion of ciprofloxacin (CIP)-resistant and -susceptible Escherichia coli to AS was simulated by contact tests in the laboratory. The CIP-resistant E. coli and susceptible E. coli were removed by a 3 log smaller concentration by a 5 h contact test at maximum. Considering the hydraulic retention time of a reaction tank (∼5 h) and step-feeding operation, we considered the removal rate of E. coli in the current simulated contact test to be in agreement with the actual situation where 1–2 log concentrations of E. coli were reported to be removed from an AS reaction tank. With the increase in the AS concentration and/or dissolved oxygen, the removal rate of E. coli increased. The removal rate of CIP-resistant E. coli was greater than that of susceptible E. coli under all experimental conditions. Although the mechanism by which CIP-resistant E. coli preferably adhered to AS was not clearly understood in detail, finding optimum conditions under which bacteria, including ARB, were efficiently removed by the AS process may be possible.
Development of microfiltration membranes based on polysulfone and polyetherimide blends
Authors: Gunes-Durak Sevgi
Published: April 2024

In this study, membranes blended with polysulfone (PSU) and polyetherimide (PEI) polymers in different ratios were fabricated. Their potential to remove pollutants from rivers, which are a potential drinking water source, was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the PSU membranes had a dense and homogeneous layer, whereas the addition of PEI formed a spongy substrate. The water content of the fabricated membranes varied between 5.37 and 22.42%, porosities 28.73–89.36%, contact angles 69.18–85.81%, and average pure water fluxes 257.25–375.32 L/m2 h. The blended membranes removed turbidity, chloride, alkalinity, conductivity, sulfate, iron, manganese, and total organic carbon up to 98.32, 92.28, 96.87, 90.67, 99.58, 94.63, 97.48, and 79.11%, respectively. These results show that when PEI was added to the PSU polymer, the filtration efficiency increased owing to an increase in the hydrophilicity of the membranes. Blending these two polymers enabled the optimization of membrane properties such as permeability, selectivity, and mechanical strength. In addition, membrane fabrication processes are simple and incur low costs.
Comprehensive Overview of Innovative Strategies in Preventing Renal
Ischemia-reperfusion Injury: Insights from Bibliometric and In silico Analyses
Authors: Rysmakhanov Myltykbay S. , Zare Afshin , Smagulov Aibolat S. , Abenova Nurgul A. , Mussin Nadiar M. , Sultangereyev Yerlan B. , Zhakiyev Bazylbek S. , Kuttymuratov Gani K. , Haberal Mehmet , Jafari Nazanin , Baneshi Hanieh , Bakhshalizadeh Shabnam , Mahdipour Mahdi , Rahmanifar Farhad , Tamadon Amin
Published: April 2024

Background:

Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process with severe
consequences, including irreversible loss of renal function. Various intraoperative prevention methods
have been proposed to mitigate the harmful effects of warm ischemia and kidney reperfusion.

Aim:

This comprehensive analysis provides an overview of pharmacological agents and intraoperative methods
for preventing and treating renal IRI.

Methods:

Our analysis revealed that eplerenone exhibited the highest binding affinity to crucial targets, including
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (AD), Estrogen Receptor (ER), Klotho protein, Mineralocorticoid Receptor
(MR), and Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4). This finding indicates eplerenone's potential as a potent preventive
agent against IRI, surpassing other available therapeutics like Benzodioxole, Hydrocortisone, Indoles, Nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide, and Niacinamide. In preventing kidney IRI, our comprehensive analysis emphasizes
the significance of eplerenone due to its strong binding affinity to key targets involved in the pathogenesis
of IRI.

Results:

This finding positions eplerenone as a promising candidate for further clinical investigation and consideration
for future clinical practice.

Conclusion:

The insights provided in this analysis will assist clinicians and researchers in selecting effective
preventive approaches for renal IRI in surgical settings, potentially improving patient outcomes.
Targeted Drug Nanodelivery and Immunotherapy for Combating Tumor Resistance
Authors: Liu Yun , Sun Xinyu , Wei Chen , Guo Shoudong , Song Chunxiao , Zhang Jiangyu , Bai Jingkun
Published: April 2024

Chemotherapy resistance is a common cause of tumor treatment failure. Various molecular
responses, such as increased expression of efflux transporter proteins, including Pglycoprotein
(P-gp), changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), the role of platelets, and
the effects of cancer stem cells (CSCs), can lead to drug resistance. Through extensive research
on the mechanisms of drug resistance, more effective anti-resistance drugs and therapeutic approaches
are being developed. This review explores drug resistance mechanisms and summarizes
relevant anti-resistance drugs. In addition, due to the therapeutic limitations of the aforementioned
treatments, new advances in nanocarrier-based combination immunotherapy to address
the challenge of drug resistance have been described. Nanocarriers combined with immunotherapy
can not only target tumor sites for targeted drug release but also modulate the autoimmune
system and enhance immune efficacy, thereby overcoming tumor drug resistance. This review
suggests new strategies for overcoming tumor drug resistance and is expected to inform tumor
treatment and prognosis.
Exploring the Causal Effects of Gut Microbiota on Diabetic Nephropathy:
A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Chen Kai , Wang Xu , Shang Zhihao , Li Qingyue , Yao Wenqiang , Guo Shaobo , Guan Yingting
Published: April 2024

Background:

In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated a bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and the kidneys (the gut-kidney axis). Currently,
the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy remains unclear. This study explores the causal effects of gut microbiota on diabetic nephropathy through
Mendelian randomization.

Methods:

We carried out a comprehensive Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis, drawing
on the Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) data for 196 varieties of gut microbiota and
diabetic nephropathy. The primary analytical approach employed was the inverse-variance
weighted, supplemented by the MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode.
We rigorously assessed heterogeneity with Cochran's Q test and examined pleiotropy via MREgger intercept and MR-PRESSO tests. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we conducted
funnel plots and leave-one-out analysis.

Results:

Our study indicates a causal relationship between the increased risk of diabetic
nephropathy and specific gut microbiota, including the Bacteroidia (P=0.01892; OR=1.593;
95%CI, 1.080-2.350), Bacteroidales (P=0.01892; OR=1.593; 95%CI, 1.080-2.350), and LachnospiraceaeUCG008 (P=0.01350; OR=1.452; 95%CI, 1.080-1.953). Conversely, potential protective factors include the Proteobacteria (P=0.00397; OR=0.528; 95%CI, 0.342-0.815), Gammaproteobacteria (P=0.00965; OR=0.474; 95%CI, 0.270-0.834), Lentisphaeria (P=0.04417;
OR=0.756; 95%CI, 0.576-0.993), Victivallales (P=0.04417; OR=0.756; 95%CI, 0.576-0.993),
and Dialister (P=0.00118; OR=0.513; 95%CI, 0.343-0.768).

Conclusion:

This study confirms the causal effects of gut microbiota on diabetic nephropathy.
Identifying the risk and protective factors within the gut microbiota for diabetic nephropathy offers fresh insights and novel approaches for preventing and treating this condition.
Integrated Analysis of Clinical Outcome of Mesenchymal Stem
Cell-related Genes in Pan-cancer
Authors: Jiang Mingzhe , Zhu Dantong , Zhao Dong , Liu Yongye , Li Jia , Zheng Zhendong
Published: April 2024

Background:

Although the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in engineered
medicine, such as tissue regeneration, is well known, new evidence is emerging that shows
that MSCs can also promote cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, no
large-scale cohort analysis of MSCs has been conducted to reveal their impact on the prognosis of
cancer patients.

Objective:

We propose the MSC score as a novel surrogate for poor prognosis in pan-cancer.

Methods:

We used single sample gene set enrichment analysis to quantify MSC-related genes into
a signature score and identify the signature score as a potential independent prognostic marker for
cancer using multivariate Cox regression analysis. TIDE algorithm and neural network were utilized
to assess the predictive accuracy of MSC-related genes for immunotherapy.

Results:

MSC-related gene expression significantly differed between normal and tumor samples
across the 33 cancer types. Cox regression analysis suggested the MSC score as an independent
prognostic marker for kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, glioma, and stomach
adenocarcinoma. The abundance of fibroblasts was also more representative of the MSC score
than the stromal score. Our findings supported the combined use of the TIDE algorithm and neural
network to predict the accuracy of MSC-related genes for immunotherapy.

Conclusion:

We comprehensively characterized the transcriptome, genome, and epigenetics of
MSCs in pan-cancer and revealed the crosstalk of MSCs in the tumor microenvironment, especially
with cancer-related fibroblasts. It is suggested that this may be one of the key sources of resistance
to cancer immunotherapy.
Nanoparticle-based Gene Therapy for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Ereej Nelofer , Hameed Huma , Khan Mahtab Ahmad , Faheem Saleha , Hameed Anam
Published: April 2024

Neurological disorders present a formidable challenge in modern medicine due to the
intricate obstacles set for the brain and the multipart nature of genetic interventions. This review
article delves into the promising realm of nanoparticle-based gene therapy as an innovative approach
to addressing the intricacies of neurological disorders. Nanoparticles (NPs) provide a multipurpose
podium for the conveyance of therapeutic genes, offering unique properties such as precise
targeting, enhanced stability, and the potential to bypass blood-brain barrier (BBB) restrictions. This
comprehensive exploration reviews the current state of nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy in neurological
disorders, highlighting recent advancements and breakthroughs. The discussion encompasses
the synthesis of nanoparticles from various materials and their conjugation to therapeutic
genes, emphasizing the flexibility in design that contributes to specific tissue targeting. The abstract
also addresses the low immunogenicity of these nanoparticles and their stability in circulation, critical
factors for successful gene delivery. While the potential of NP-based gene therapy for neurological
disorders is vast, challenges and gaps in knowledge persist. The lack of extensive clinical trials
leaves questions about safety and potential side effects unanswered. Therefore, this abstract emphasizes
the need for further research to validate the therapeutic applications of NP-mediated gene therapy
and to address nanosafety concerns. In conclusion, nanoparticle-based gene therapy emerges as
a promising avenue in the pursuit of effective treatments for neurological disorders. This abstract
advocates for continued research efforts to bridge existing knowledge gaps, unlocking the full potential
of this innovative approach and paving the way for transformative solutions in the realm of
neurological health.
Structure-property Relationships Reported for the New Drugs Approved in 2023
Authors: Choi Kihang
Published: April 2024

:

Drug-like properties play pivotal roles in drug adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion,
and toxicity. Therefore, efficiently optimizing these properties is essential for the successful
development of novel therapeutics. Understanding the structure–property relationships of clinically
approved drugs can provide valuable insights for drug design and optimization strategies.
Among the new drugs approved in 2023, which include 31 small-molecule drugs in the US, the
structure-property relationships of nine drugs were compiled from the medicinal chemistry literature,
in which detailed information on pharmacokinetic and/or physicochemical properties was reported
not only for the final drug but also for its key analogs generated during drug development.
The structure-property relationships of nine newly approved drugs are summarized, including three
kinase inhibitors and three G-protein-coupled receptor antagonists. Several optimization strategies,
such as bioisosteric replacement and steric handle installation, have successfully produced clinical
candidates with enhanced physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties.
The summarized structure–property relationships demonstrate how appropriate structural modifications
can effectively improve overall drug-like properties. The ongoing exploration of structure–
property relationships of clinically approved drugs is expected to offer valuable guidance for developing
future drugs.
Development of Cell and Gene Therapies for Clinical Use in the US and EU: Summary of Regulatory Guidelines
Authors: Rotte Anand
Published: April 2024

:

Recent decades have seen advancements in the management and treatment of difficultto-
treat diseases such as cancer. A special class of therapeutics called cell and gene therapy has
been introduced in the past 10 years. Cell and gene therapy products have strengthened the treatment
options for life-threatening diseases with unmet clinical needs and also provided the possibility
of a potential cure for the disease in some of the patients. Cell and gene therapy products are
gaining recognition, and the interest in clinical development of cell and gene therapy products is
increasing. Moreover, as the class of cell and gene therapy products is relatively new, there is a
limited regulatory experience in the development, and the developers of the cell and gene therapy
products can often be puzzled with an array of questions on regulations. The current review intends
to provide a basic understanding of regulatory guidelines from the FDA and EMA that are
applicable to cell and gene therapy products. Essentials such as which office is responsible for the
evaluation of applications, which regulatory class/pathway is appropriate for development, and
what are the quality, nonclinical and clinical studies that are needed to support the application are
discussed in the article. In addition, a summary of regulatory designations and the post-approval
requirements, such as Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) and long-term follow-
up, is included in the article. Developers (referred to as ‘sponsors’ in this article) of cell and
gene therapies can use the respective guidance documents and other specific review articles cited
in this review for detailed information on the topics.
Low Expression MCEMP1 Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression and its Clinical Value
Authors: Ling Liqun , Hu Tianqi , Zhou Chenkang , Chen Shuhui , Chou Lunan , Chen Yuxin , Hu Zhaoting , Huang Kate , Chen Jie , Wang Yumin , Wang Junjun
Published: April 2024

Background:

Lung cancer is a highly prevalent tumor with a lack of biological markers
that reflect its progression. Mast cell surface membrane protein 1 (MCEMP1, also known as
C19ORF59) has not been reported in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Objective:

We aimed to investigate the role of MCEMP1 in LUAD.

Methods:

MCEMP1 expression in LUAD was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)
data, and conducted univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to evaluate the prognostic
significance of MCEMP1 expression in TCGA. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER)
was used for examining the correlation between MCEMP1 expression and immune cell infiltration
in LUAD. Furthermore, proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony-forming ability were investigated
using LUAD cell lines.

Results:

MCEMP1 expression in LUAD patient tissues and was correlated with lymph node metastasis,
differentiation level, and tumor status. The Area under Curve (AUC) value of MCEMP1
for the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was 0.984. The immune infiltration
analysis revealed a correlation between MCEMP1 expression and the extent of macrophages
and neutrophil infiltration in LUAD. Additionally, MCEMP1 has low expression in clinical samples,
MCEMP1 overexpressed in LUAD cells substantially reduced cell growth, migration, and invasion
of malignant cells.

Conclusion:

Low expression MCEMP1 promotes LUAD progression, which provides new insights
and a potential biological target for future LUAD therapies.
A New Approach to Melanoma Treatment: microRNAs
Authors: Ilhan Suleyman , Oguz Ferdi , Atmaca Harika
Published: April 2024

Although immunotherapy and targeted therapy have radically changed melanoma treatment,
the development of resistance and reduction of patient responses are still significant
problems. Small molecule inhibitors are needed to overcome this situation, and biomarkers that
can estimate whether patients will reply to existing treatments need to be developed. miRNAs are
involved in diverse processes such as tumor development, tumor progression, metastasis, and invasion.
While some miRNAs act as tumor suppressors, others may be oncogenic. miRNAs also contribute
to the processes involved in drug resistance. There is increasing evidence demonstrating
the possible effect of miRNAs on the diagnosis and treatment markers of melanoma. The
manuscript focuses on the current challenges in melanoma treatment, highlighting issues such as
the development of resistance and reduced patient responses despite the revolutionary advancements
in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. It underscores the need for small molecule inhibitors
and the creation of biomarkers for predicting patient responses to current treatments. The role
of miRNAs in processes such as tumor development, metastasis, and invasion has been highlighted.
While certain miRNAs function as tumor suppressors, others may exhibit oncogenic properties.
Furthermore, increasing evidence is presented demonstrating the potential significance of
miRNAs as markers for the symptom and identification of melanoma. These findings indicate a
promising avenue for future research and clinical applications. In summary, the article effectively
communicates key insights, making it a valuable resource for those interested in melanoma research
and treatment.
Neuroprotective Role of Phytoconstituents-based Nanoemulsion for the
Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Vishwas Sukriti , Bashir Bushra , Birla Devendra , Khandale Nikhil , Chaitanya Motamarri Venkata Naga Lalitha , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Gupta Gaurav , Negi Poonam , Dua Kamal , Singh Sachin Kumar
Published: April 2024

:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of neurodegenerative disorder
(ND), affecting more than 44 million individuals globally as of 2023. It is characterized by cognitive
dysfunction and an inability to perform daily activities. The progression of AD is associated
with the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), increased
oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum
stress. Presently, various phytomedicines and their bioactive compounds have been identified
for their neuroprotective effects in reducing oxidative stress, alleviating neuroinflammation, and
mitigating the accumulation of Aβ and acetylcholinesterase enzymes in the hippocampus and cerebral
cortex regions of the brain. However, despite demonstrating promising anti-Alzheimer's effects,
the clinical utilization of phytoconstituents remains limited in scope. The key factor contributing
to this limitation is the challenges inherent in traditional drug delivery systems, which impede
their effectiveness and efficiency. These difficulties encompass insufficient drug targeting, restricted
drug solubility and stability, brief duration of action, and a lack of control over drug release.
Consequently, these constraints result in diminished bioavailability and insufficient permeability
across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In response to these challenges, novel drug delivery
systems (NDDS) founded on nanoformulations have emerged as a hopeful strategy to augment the
bioavailability and BBB permeability of bioactive compounds with poor solubility. Among these
systems, nanoemulsion (NE) have been extensively investigated for their potential in targeting
AD. NE offers several advantages, such as ease of preparation, high drug loading, and high stability.
Due to their nanosize droplets, NE also improves gut and BBB permeability leading to enhanced
permeability of the drug in systemic circulation and the brain. Various studies have reported
the testing of NE-based phytoconstituents and their bioactives in different animal species, including
transgenic, Wistar, and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, as well as mice. However, transgenic
mice are commonly employed in AD research to analyze the effects of Aβ. In this review, various
aspects such as the neuroprotective role of various phytoconstituents, the challenges associated
with conventional drug delivery, and the need for NDDS, particularly NE, are discussed. Various
studies involving phytoconstituent-based NE for the treatment of AD are also discussed.
In Silico approach: Design an Optimized shRNA against RUNX1 Gene to
Target HIV
Authors: Kakavand-Ghalehnoei Rezvan , Patrad Elham , Ravanshad Mehrdad
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus with single-stranded RNA that leads to the challenging disease of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can prevent the progression of the disease, but it is not
capable of long-term HIV elimination. One of the significant obstacles to treating HIV-1-infected
individuals is the creation of latent cell reservoirs early in the infection. Gene-based therapies that
utilize RNA interference (RNAi) to silence host or viral gene expression are considered promising
therapeutic approaches. It has been demonstrated that RUNX1, a T-cell-specific transcription factor, may significantly affect HIV replication and infection. According to accumulating evidence
on the role of interfering RNA techniques in inhibiting gene expression and considering the role
of RUNX1 in the replication of HIV-1. In this study, we aim to design shRNAs against RUNX1
that can target the replication of HIV-1.

Methods:

Several computational methods, including target alignment, similarity search, and secondary structure prediction, have been employed in the design of shRNA against RUNX1.

Results:

Seven shRNA molecules with the highest efficiency were designed and validated using
computational methods to silence the RUNX1 gene.

Conclusions:

In the present study, we designed shRNA against RUNX1, which can target latent
cells infected with HIV. Suppression of RUNX1 by shRNA reactivates HIV in the latent cells and
subsequently potentiates the immune response toward identifying accurate virus-infected cells.
This process may lead to an effective and efficient reduction of the volume of cell reservoirs infected with HIV.
Preclinical Data Extrapolation to Clinical Reality: A Translational
Approach
Authors: Varshney Prakhar , Chandra Phool
Published: April 2024

In vivo investigations are much more complex than trials conducted in a test tube; the
results sometimes aren't as illuminating and could raise more questions than answers. Preclinical
data projection into clinical truth is a transcriptional science that remains a compelling trial in
drug development. Preclinical in vivo and in vitro education is important in novel drug's non-violent or active growth. Pharmacokinetic and metabolic research is necessary to better understand
the chemical and biological effects of medicines and their metabolites. Information produced by
such a policy can be used to progress Phase I studies, primarily for anticancer medication. Both
living and deceased in vitro models are theoretically excellent preclinical tools for calculating the
pharmacological action of counterparts from the same family, such as vinca alkaloids. The animal
species most closely linked to humans are chosen based on metabolic patterns. The estimation of
the duration of drug action, particularly for medicines with varied metabolic clearances (e.g., benzodiazepines); The empathetic or estimate of medicine relations, i.e., those defined for cyclosporin A and macrolide antibiotics; and Sclarification of the metabolic roots of individual inconsistencies in pharmaceutical action.
Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Tyagi Vanshika , Tanwar Neha , Kumar Nihal , Phogat Nishu , Kumar Pawan , Kumar Virender
Published: April 2024

Cancer was the most significant reason for mortality worldwide. It accounted for over 10
million deaths worldwide by 2020. Patients experiencing excruciating pain from this malignant disease
are worn out of using the conventional allopathic method for recovery; as a result, they opt for
the non-medical, otherwise stated non-pharmaceutical approaches as the escape route. This study encloses
the development of these non-pharmaceutical interventions in cancer treatment, which include
meditation, yoga, music therapy, acupuncture, hypnosis, massage, physical activity/exercise, and
stress management to manage psych and physical symptoms. Besides, various natural products procured
from the rich aqua life comprising marine fauna and flora are used. We also use multiple terrestrial
plants and herbs as the source for many nutraceutical preparations. Due to the lift of these nonconventional
methods, the world is using these extracts to treat cancer, whether symptomatic or the
root cause of the disease itself.
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) in a Girl with Lower Extremities Edema: A Brief Report
Authors: Shashaani Niloofar , Yeganeh Mehrnoush Hasas , Sinaei Reza , Salehi Shima , Shiari Reza
Published: April 2024

Background:

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) is a rare condition in children,
characterized by a high titer of anti-ribonucleoprotein-U1 (anti-U1 RNP) antibodies, often
presenting with overlapping features of two or more rheumatologic disorders, including juvenile
idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and juvenile
dermatomyositis/polymyositis (JDM/PM).

Case Presentation:

We report the case of an 8-year-old girl with a history of fever, hair loss, lower
extremities edema, weakness, oral aphthous ulcers, and a high titer of anti-U1 RNP antibodies,
which is consistent with the diagnosis of MCTD. The patient received immunomodulator drugs,
and her disease went into remission.

Conclusion:

Diagnosing MCTD in pediatric patients can be challenging. It should be considered
especially in cases with recurrent muscular weakness or pain, lupus-like manifestations, and edema.
Moreover, serum anti-U1 RNP testing can be a helpful diagnostic tool.
Impaired Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Associated with Visceral Adiposity Leads to Insulin Resistance: The Core Defect in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jain Unnati , Srivastava Priyanka , Sharma Ashwani , Sinha Subrata , Johari Surabhi
Published: April 2024

The Central nervous system (CNS) is the prime regulator of signaling pathways whose
function includes regulation of food intake (consumption), energy expenditure, and other metabolic
responses like glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and thermogenesis that have been
implicated in chronic inflammatory disorders. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are two
metabolic disorders that are linked together and have become an epidemic worldwide, thus raising
significant public health concerns. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone with
pleiotropic metabolic effects that increase insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure by elevating
thermogenesis in brown or beige adipocytes, thus reducing body weight and sugar intake. In contrast,
during starvation conditions, FGF21 induces its expression in the liver to initiate glucose homeostasis.
Insulin resistance is one of the main anomalies caused by impaired FGF21 signaling, which also causes
abnormal regulation of other signaling pathways. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the cytokine
released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation, is regarded
major factor that reduces the expression of FGF21 and modulates underlying insulin resistance that
causes imbalanced glucose homeostasis. This review aims to shed light on the mechanisms underlying
the development of insulin resistance in obese individuals as well as the fundamental flaw in type
2 diabetes, which is malfunctioning obese adipose tissue.
A Scoping Review of GIS Mapping of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: Identifying Current Gaps and Future Research Directions Using PRISMA-ScR
Authors: Miriam Demi , Chaudhary Navendu , Yewale Sushil , Khadilkar Anuradha
Published: April 2024

Background:

Type 1 Diabetes poses a significant public health threat, especially in
low-and-middle countries, where resources are limited. The use of geographical information
systems in diabetes research has shown the potential to reveal several epidemiological risk factors.

Aims:

This scoping review aimed to identify the scope and extent of the current literature and
explore its limitations on the geographical mapping of children with type 1 diabetes.

Methods:

A scoping review was conducted using five electronic databases and included studies
published between the years 2000 and 2023. The search terms included: "Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus", "GIS mapping", "Juvenile Onset Diabetes Mellitus", "Spatial Epidemiology", "Spatial
Clustering", "Spatial analysis", and "Geographic information system". Relevant full-text articles
that met the inclusion criteria were selected for review.

Results:

The search identified 17 studies that met the criteria for inclusion in the review. More
than half the studies were conducted before 2015 (n=11; 61%). All studies were conducted in
High-Income Countries. More than 10 articles studied environmental factors, 3 of them focused
on the environment, 6 of them included sociodemographic factors, and 1 study incorporated nutrition
(as a variable) in environmental factors. 2 studies focused on the accessibility of health
services by pediatric patients.

Conclusion:

Studies on type 1 diabetes highlight the complex relationship between incidence
and risk, suggesting comprehensive prevention and treatment. Geographical mapping has potential
in low- and middle-income nations, but further research is needed to develop innovative
strategies. The importance of geomappping in understanding the risk factors for Type 1 Diabetes
is highlighted in this scoping review, which also suggests a possible direction for focused interventions,
particularly in settings with low resources.
MR Evaluation of an Unusual Intruder of the Bladder: A Bladder Fibroid Case
Report
Authors: Chin Zong Yi , Thian Yee Liang , Lim Yi Ting
Published: April 2024

Introduction::

Mesenchymal tumours of the bladder are benign but rare occurrences and represent approximately 1% of all bladder tumours.

Case Report::

We report a case of a large bladder leiomyoma in an asymptomatic patient. A large pelvic mass was discovered incidentally on the bedside
ultrasound scan during a review at the gynecology clinic. Intra-operatively, no mass was seen in the pelvis, and cystoscopy demonstrated an
intravesical mass. It was further evaluated with cystoscopy. MR imaging demonstrated typical features of a bladder leiomyoma. Subsequently, the
patient underwent partial cystectomy, and the mass was removed, which was histologically proven leiomyoma.

Conclusion::

Awareness of this rare clinical entity and identification of its typical radiological features on MR imaging can aid with accurate diagnosis and
preclude unnecessary radical surgery.
Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Congenital Enterocolitis Fistula: A Case Report
Authors: Yan Zhiheng , Ma Bin , Pang Yalu , LI Tiangang , Wang Yixuan , Nie Fang
Published: April 2024

Background:

Congenital enterocolic fistula, an abnormal connection between the small intestine and the colon, is a rare condition with the potential for
significant complications affecting the patient’s quality of life.

Case Report:

A 2 year and 7 months old girl presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea lasting more than 10 days. The formation of the intestinal fistula was
first detected by ultrasound, and the blood flow in the intestinal wall was preliminally analyzed. Surgical exploration revealed a colonic fistula
formed by the attachment of the jejunum to the descending colon. Postoperatively, symptoms improved; no secondary infection occurred and the
fistula healed well.

Conclusion:

Congenital colon fistula is rarely reported, and ultrasound is becoming more and more important in its diagnosis. Here, we report a case of
congenital colonic fistula diagnosed by ultrasound. Ultrasound can dynamically and in real-time observe the intestinal condition, which is
conducive to the early diagnosis and staging of congenital intestinal diseases and the determination of diagnosis and treatment schemes.