bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Femoroacetabular Impingement in Ice Hockey Athletes
Authors: Silvestri Michael A. , Cleather Daniel J. , Patterson Stephen , Legg Hayley S.
Published: August 2023

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in ice hockey is a concern for many athletes. The biomechanics of skating and the injury mechanism, prevalence, identification, and treatment protocols currently available for FAI in ice hockey athletes are important for all coaches and practitioners to understand. This article discusses the underlying anatomical issues and biomechanical considerations surrounding FAI. Furthermore, this article describes the interventions that can be used when encountering FAI and well-established protocols to aid in the return to play. Finally, prevention strategies that can aid in injury prevention are discussed.
Prevalence and Trends of Weakness Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States
Authors: McGrath Ryan , FitzSimmons Samantha , Andrew Sarah , Black Kennedy , Bradley Adam , Christensen Bryan K. , Collins Kyle , Klawitter Lukus , Kieser Jacob , Langford Matthew , Orr Megan , Hackney Kyle J.
Published: August 2023

McGrath, R, FitzSimmons, S, Andrew, S, Black, K, Bradley, A, Christensen, BK, Collins, K, Klawitter, L, Kieser, J, Langford, M, Orr, M, and Hackney, KJ. Prevalence and trends of weakness among middle-aged and older adults in the United States. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—Muscle weakness, which is often determined with low handgrip strength (HGS), is associated with several adverse health conditions; however, the prevalence and trends of weakness in the United States is not well-understood. We sought to estimate the prevalence and trends of weakness in Americans aged at least 50 years. The total unweighted analytic sample included 22,895 Americans from the 2006–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Handgrip strength was measured with a handgrip dynamometer. Men with weakness were below at least one of the absolute or normalized (body mass, body mass index) cut points: <35.5 kg, <0.45 kg/kg, <1.05 kg/kg/m2. The presence of any weakness in women was also identified as being below one of the absolute or normalized HGS cut points: <20.0 kg, <0.34 kg/kg, or <0.79 kg/kg/m2. There was an increasing trend in the prevalence of any weakness over time (p < 0.001). The prevalence of weakness was 45.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44.0–46.0) in the 2006–2008 waves and 52.6% (CI: 51.5–53.7) in the 2014–2016 waves. Weakness prevalence was higher for older (≥65 years) Americans (64.2%; CI: 62.8–65.5) compared with middle-aged (50–64 years) Americans (42.2%; CI: 40.6–43.8) in the 2014–2016 waves. Moreover, the prevalence of weakness in the 2014–2016 waves was generally higher in women (54.5%; CI: 53.1–55.9) than in men (50.4%; CI: 48.7–52.0). Differences existed in weakness prevalence across races and ethnicities. The findings from our investigation suggest that the prevalence of weakness is overall pronounced and increasing in Americans. Efforts for mitigating and better operationalizing weakness will elevate in importance as our older American population grows.
Extremely Low-Volume Burpee Interval Training Equivalent to 8 Minutes Per Session Improves Vertical Jump Compared with Sprint Interval Training in Real-World Circumstances
Authors: Pérez-Ifrán Pablo , Magallanes Carlos A. , de S. Castro Flávio A. , Astorino Todd A. , Benítez-Flores Stefano
Published: August 2023

Pérez-Ifrán, P, Magallanes, CA, de S. Castro, FA, Astorino, TA, and Benítez-Flores, S. Extremely low-volume burpee interval training equivalent to 8 minutes per session improves vertical jump compared with sprint interval training in real-world circumstances. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—The aim of this study was to compare the cardiometabolic and physical effects of 2 time-matched high-intensity programs in a real-world environment. Forty-three active and healthy adults (sex = 31 men and 12 women; age = 27 ± 5 years; peak heart rate [HRpeak] = 190.7 ± 10.6 beat·min−1) were randomized to 2 very low-volume protocols (∼8 minutes): sprint interval training (SIT) (n = 15), burpee interval training (BIT) (n = 15), and control (CON) (n = 13). Subjects in SIT and BIT performed 5 days of 10 × 4 second “all-out” efforts with 30 seconds of recovery. Body composition, blood pressure, countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-m sprint, shuttle run test (SRT), autonomic modulation, self-efficacy, and intention were evaluated before and after training. Sprint interval training elicited a higher %HRpeak, energy expenditure, rating of perceived exertion category ratio 10 scale, and feeling scale than BIT (p < 0.05). SRTdistance was significantly improved in SIT (p = 0.03, d = 0.62), whereas CMJ height was significantly enhanced in BIT (p = 0.0014, d = 0.72). Self-efficacy progressively worsened for SIT than for BIT as sessions increased, and significant differences were found in 5× a week frequency between protocols (p = 0.040, d = 0.79). No differences in intention to engage were detected between the regimens (p > 0.05). No changes were observed in body composition, blood pressure, 10-m sprint, SRTV̇O2max, or autonomic variables with training (p > 0.05). Results exhibit that extremely low-volume SIT improved running performance, whereas BIT increased the vertical jump.
The Role of Genetically Distinct Central Amygdala Neurons in Appetitive and Aversive Responding Assayed with a Novel Dual Valence Operant Conditioning Paradigm
Authors: Dorofeikova Mariia , Stelly Claire E. , Duong Anh , Basavanhalli Samhita , Bean Erin , Weissmuller Katherine , Sifnugel Natalia , Resendez Alexis , Corey David M. , Tasker Jeffrey G. , Fadok Jonathan P.
Published: August 2023

To survive, animals must meet their biological needs while simultaneously avoiding danger. However, the neurobiological basis of appetitive and aversive survival behaviors has historically been studied using separate behavioral tasks. While recent studies in mice have quantified appetitive and aversive conditioned responses simultaneously (Jikomes et al., 2016; Heinz et al., 2017), these tasks required different behavioral responses to each stimulus. As many brain regions involved in survival behavior process stimuli of opposite valence, we developed a paradigm in which mice perform the same response (nose poke) to distinct auditory cues to obtain a rewarding outcome (palatable food) or avoid an aversive outcome (mild footshoock). This design allows for both within-subject and between-subject comparisons as animals respond to appetitive and aversive cues. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is implicated in the regulation of responses to stimuli of either valence. Considering its role in threat processing (Wilensky et al., 2006; Haubensak et al., 2010) and regulation of incentive salience (Warlow and Berridge, 2021), it is important to examine the contribution of the CeA to mechanisms potentially underlying comorbid dysregulation of avoidance and reward (Sinha, 2008; Bolton et al., 2009). Using this paradigm, we tested the role of two molecularly defined CeA subtypes previously linked to consummatory and defensive behaviors. Significant strain differences in the acquisition and performance of the task were observed. Bidirectional chemogenetic manipulation of CeA somatostatin (SOM) neurons altered motivation for reward and perseveration of reward-seeking responses on avoidance trials. Manipulation of corticotropin-releasing factor neurons (CRF) had no significant effect on food reward consumption, motivation, or task performance. This paradigm will facilitate investigations into the neuronal mechanisms controlling motivated behavior across valences.
Peri-Saccadic Orientation Identification Performance and Visual Neural Sensitivity Are Higher in the Upper Visual Field
Authors: Fracasso Alessio , Buonocore Antimo , Hafed Ziad M.
Published: August 2023

Visual neural processing is distributed among a multitude of sensory and sensory-motor brain areas exhibiting varying degrees of functional specializations and spatial representational anisotropies. Such diversity raises the question of how perceptual performance is determined, at any one moment in time, during natural active visual behavior. Here, exploiting a known dichotomy between the primary visual cortex (V1) and superior colliculus (SC) in representing either the upper or lower visual fields, we asked whether peri-saccadic orientation identification performance is dominated by one or the other spatial anisotropy. Humans (48 participants, 29 females) reported the orientation of peri-saccadic upper visual field stimuli significantly better than lower visual field stimuli, unlike their performance during steady-state gaze fixation, and contrary to expected perceptual superiority in the lower visual field in the absence of saccades. Consistent with this, peri-saccadic superior colliculus visual neural responses in two male rhesus macaque monkeys were also significantly stronger in the upper visual field than in the lower visual field. Thus, peri-saccadic orientation identification performance is more in line with oculomotor, rather than visual, map spatial anisotropies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDifferent brain areas respond to visual stimulation, but they differ in the degrees of functional specializations and spatial anisotropies that they exhibit. For example, the superior colliculus (SC) both responds to visual stimulation, like the primary visual cortex (V1), and controls oculomotor behavior. Compared with the primary visual cortex, the superior colliculus exhibits an opposite pattern of upper/lower visual field anisotropy, being more sensitive to the upper visual field. Here, we show that human peri-saccadic orientation identification performance is better in the upper compared with the lower visual field. Consistent with this, monkey superior colliculus visual neural responses to peri-saccadic stimuli follow a similar pattern. Our results indicate that peri-saccadic perceptual performance reflects oculomotor, rather than visual, map spatial anisotropies.
Innovation and information basis focus formation of industrial enterprise management strategy in knowledge economy
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Jianming Mu
Published: August 2023

Innovation and information have recently become important factors in the development of industrial production, stimulating the growth of its knowledge intensity, and their commercialization has become a mandatory part of the economy. This requires appropriate changes in the management strategy of the industrial enterprise. The management strategy in the knowledge economy should not only take into account such circumstances, but also introduce new ways and mechanisms to use the opportunities of the external environment to ensure the development of the enterprise. Given the lack of own resources, this requires the full use of the opportunities of the external environment and potential business partners, whose circle has expanded significantly. Criteria for finding and selecting business partners for sharing resources of the external environment that will allow them to develop and function effectively on the basis of coordination of strategies of the development and balance of interests are necessary.
International investment activity in the context of foreign relations
Authors:   Donetsk Regional State Administration, Kulakov Oleksii
Published: August 2023

Taking into account the processes of regulation of international investment activity, the article analyzes the stimulation of investment development processes in order to realize the active role of public authorities in the implementation of the system of long-term investment in the economy. Moreover, research investigates that it is necessary to regulate international investment activity using economic, administrative and legal methods, as well as instruments of motivation and constraints to influence the country’s economy. On the other hand, article researches the main mechanisms that ensure state regulation of investment in the economy, namely control (aid or restrictions), motivation and influence to create the greatest benefits from investing. Author identifies the benefits of investing.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF A MULTI-CHANNEL DUST COLLECTOR USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Surkov S. , Butenko O. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Smyk S. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Karamushko A. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University
Published: August 2023

Multi-channel dust collectors are based on previously known designs of vortex dryers for bulk products. However, their use for air dust removal is promising. In earlier studies of these devices using numerical simulations, the dust capture coefficient was not evaluated, although it is the most important indicator of their efficiency. In this article, the numerical simulation of MCDC is carried out. The first stage of modeling is the calculation of the gas flow velocity and pressure fields in the device under study. At the second stage, a large number of trajectories of dust particles of different diameters were calculated with subsequent statistical processing. Dust capture coefficients and hydraulic loss coefficients were calculated. It is shown that for the reliability of the results of the numerical experiment, the number of dust particles should be at least 2000. To determine the effect of the outer half-shells on the efficiency of the device, these half-shells were discarded, as a result of which the multi-channel dust collector turned into a cyclone. The comparison of characteristics showed that, other things being equal, the devices being investigated have some advantages over cyclones in capturing of small fractions of dust. The hypothesis that the capture of particles in curved channels occurs mainly due to particle collisions with the front edges of metal half-shells was put forward and refuted. The results of numerical modeling do not support the hypothesis that some dust particles rotate along closed trajectories and form a filter for other particles. The formulas of other authors, which do not take into account the parameters of dust particles, are recognized as unworkable. The speculations of some authors about the influence of the Ranque-Hilsch vortex effect on the process of dust capture cannot be taken into account due to the low subsonic air velocities under the operating conditions of the apparatus.
FEATURES OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER ORGANIZATION IN TESLA DISC TURBINES
Authors:   Odessа Polytechnic National University, Mazurenko A. , Kravchenko V. ,   Odessа Polytechnic National University, Luzhanska G. ,   Odessа Polytechnic National University, Shavrov V. ,   Odessа Polytechnic National University, Stanislavov V. ,   Odessа Polytechnic National University
Published: August 2023

To ensure maximum efficiency of bladeless Tesla turbines, it is important to maintain a laminar flow regime within the boundary layer that forms on the disc surfaces. Depending on the flow regime, the state of the disc surfaces, and the geometry of the interdisk gaps, the nature of the boundary layer varies. It is crucial for the flow regime to remain laminar, and the distance between the discs should not exceed twice the thickness of the boundary layer. Experimental investigations of the characteristics of the boundary layer during the flow around turbine blades were proposed to determine the parameters necessary for achieving maximum efficiency. These experiments were conducted in an aerodynamic test rig that provided a uniform velocity field with minimal turbulence (0.7 %) within a speed range up to 0.33 Mach. The primary focus of these studies was to determine the location of the transition zone within the boundary layer, which allows for the examination of conditions for stable maintenance and characteristics of laminar flow. The transition zone was determined based on changes in the tangential friction stress in the experiments. The obtained results facilitated the establishment of the necessary dimensions for the inter-disk gaps and the optimum values of the similarity criterion Re from the perspective of flow regime. For a smooth surface, laminar flow within the boundary layer is maintained up to a relative coordinate of 0.17 x= from the start of the surface, across a wide range of Reynolds numbers. For a rough surface, the extent of the zone with a laminar boundary layer is approximately the same as that for a smooth surface at Re=3.6∙105. However, at Re=7.4∙105 the laminar flow terminates slightly earlier, at 0.13 x= , with a very short transitional zone between laminar and turbulent flow characteristics. The thickness of the laminar boundary layer on a smooth surface is 0.5…0.7 mm, while for a rough surface, it is slightly greater at 0.7…0.8 mm. Therefore, to ensure high efficiency of Tesla disc turbines, the distance between the discs should be maintained at 1…1.5 mm, considering the requirements for laminar flow.
ANALYSIS OF MODELS OF AN AUTOMATIC POWER CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR IN DYNAMIC MODE WITH A CHANGE IN THE STATIC CONTROL PROGRAM
Authors:   Odessа Polytechnic National University, Vataman V. , Petik T. ,   Odessа Polytechnic National University, Beglov K. ,   Odessа Polytechnic National University
Published: August 2023

The process of decarbonization of the industry was intensified by the decision to include nuclear energy in the EU Green Taxonomy. The increase in the capacity of nuclear power plants and the attractiveness of this industry for a long time causes interest in the use of nuclear power plants for electricity dispatching. Thus, the development of an automatic control system for changing the power of nuclear power plants in dynamic modes becomes relevant. The energy release along the height of the reactor core under the action of xenon fluctuations is one of the problems in ensuring the safe operation and stability of the NPP power unit when the power level changes. Violation of the energy release safety criteria occurs when non-stationary transient xenon processes with positive feedback occur in the core. Within the framework of the automatic control theory, the modeling of the system and the control object is compiled on the basis of the use of physical and mathematical models. Transfer functions, structure and parameters of the control system are determined. As an alternative, it is proposed to use an approximation model of the process in the core. The model is presented on the basis of transformations in such a way that the results of the calculation on a certain interval coincide or are close to the results of the calculation when using the analytical model. Such a model can approximate a process that depends on two parameters: time and degree of load change. The results of changing the regulation of technological parameters by the automated power control system of nuclear power unit in dynamic mode, the model of which is based on an approximation or physical and mathematical model, were analyzed. The results of changing the parameters are obtained by comparing the results during the transition of control from one static program to another. Switching between static control programs was studied for such process parameters as coolant temperature at the entrance to the reactor core, average coolant temperature and steam pressure in the secondary circuit. The studies were carried out under the condition that the reactor power was reduced to 80 % during the operation of one control program and increased to 100% of the power when another static program was used in reverse.
DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERALIZED ALGORITHM FOR THE CREATION OF CONTAINERS FOR LIQUID USING COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Tigariev V. , Lopakov О. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Kosmachevskiy V. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University
Published: August 2023

Designing facilities for storing various liquids (water, oil, alcoholic products, etc.) requires the use of modern computer technologies. To improve efficiency, reduce design and production costs, it is necessary to create optimal algorithms based on information models of objects, designing containers of various shapes. The proposed approach allows reducing the time for the development of new object models based on existing prototypes, which take into account the used technological production process. The implementation of this idea is possible only with the use of modern CAD systems based on adaptive-parametric models of objects and embedded programming tools to create specialized design subsystems. CAD Autodesk Inventor has such capabilities. To work with this CAD, a generalized algorithm (information model) for designing containers for liquids was proposed. The paper considers in detail the stages of the algorithm execution on the example of a plastic bottle for liquid. The created model used a tabular task of capacity parameters through Excel. To create a parametric series of containers of different shapes, it is necessary to set mathematical dependencies between the dimensions of the object and the volume. The proposed information model can be adapted for containers of different configurations. Containers can be not only plastic, but also glass. Using the proposed design information model, an adaptive-parametric model of a bottle filled with liquid was developed in CAD Autodesk Inventor.
PROBLEMS OF MEASURING LOW FEED RATES OF METAL CUTTING EQUIPMENT
Authors:   Odessа Polytechnic National University, Holofieieva M. , Palennyy Yu. ,   Odessа Polytechnic National University, Salyutin M. ,   Odessа Polytechnic National University
Published: August 2023

The article is dedicated to the problem formulation of improving the method for measuring low feed rates in metal-cutting machines during finishing operations by using direct speed measurement sensors. The goal of the work is to review the issue of measuring low feed rates in blade machining in order to assess and minimize the uncertainties of feed rate measurements. The necessity of measurements and subsequent analysis of feed rate instabilities in metal-cutting machines within the range of 0 to 20 mm/min is demonstrated. It is shown that the uneven movement of machine tool elements can be a result of clearances in movable joints and overcoming friction forces in these clearances. The influence of the adaptive control system of the machine tool drive on the unevenness of feed rate is also presented. The effect on the unevenness of feed rate of different types of drives is described, including stepper motors, hydraulic and pneumatic drives, asynchronous motors with frequency converters, and servo motors. The main components of uncertainty arising from the indirect method of velocity measurement are described, related to uncertainties in time and distance measurement, errors in approximation during instantaneous velocity calculation, as well as errors associated with the discretization of time and distance measurements. Methods of direct feed rate measurement are discussed. It is shown that it is not possible to use sensors utilizing the Doppler effect for measuring small feed rates. It is noted that existing designs of magnetic velocity sensors have significant nonlinearity, which cannot be eliminated by adjusting measurement results. Limitations of known sensors regarding the length of the path on which the feed rate can be measured are specified. A promising direction for research on improving the method of direct measurement of small feed rates in metal cutting machines is identified.
Examination of the Correlation Between Physical Education Teachers' Levels of Happiness and Psychological Well-being (Diyarbakır Province)
Authors: ATEŞ Hamdullah
Published: August 2023

In this study, it is aimed to determine the relationship between these two variables by examining the happiness and psychological well-being levels of physical education teachers in terms of different variables. The sample group of this research consisted of 252 physical education teachers working in schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Diyarbakır. Oxford Happiness Scale and Psychological Well-Being Scale were used as data collection tools. According to the findings obtained in the study, it was determined that the happiness and psychological well-being levels of physical education teachers were above the medium level. It was observed that the happiness and psychological well-being levels of physical education teachers did not differ according to gender, but differed according to age. In the comparison between physical education teachers' sports, exercise or physical activity status and happiness and psychological well-being, it was seen that there was a significant difference in favor of those who did sports, exercise or physical activity. While it was determined that there was a significant difference in favor of those participating in social activity in the psychological well-being levels of physical education teachers participating in social activities, it was seen that there was no difference between the happiness levels of physical education teachers and their participation in social activities. It was determined that there was a significant difference between the happiness and psychological well-being levels of physical education teachers and their self-identification in daily life in favor of the teachers who stated that they were peaceful and calm. As a result, it has been determined that there is a moderate and positive relationship between teachers' happiness levels and psychological well-being levels.
A Comparative Study of Student Selection Systems in Korean and American Teacher Training Universities Focusing on Music Teachers
Authors: Hong Seungyoun
Published: August 2023

This study aims to enhance the system for nurturing elementary school music teachers in South Korea through a comparative analysis with the United States, focusing on the student selection methods and curricular approaches in teacher training universities. By examining the differences between the two countries, particularly in relation to the admission process and the content of music education programs, this research seeks to identify potential areas for improvement in South Korea's teacher preparation system. The findings reveal significant differences between the two countries in their approach to selecting pre-music teachers. All 10 universities of education in Korea do not require applicants to demonstrate prior musical knowledge or proficiency in playing musical instruments for admission into the music education department. In contrast, the music education departments of the 10 universities in the United States mandate auditions, indicating a higher level of preparedness expected from applicants. It shows that minimum preparation to become a music teacher, handling musical instruments, basic musical knowledge has a great impact on teaching music and the teachers’ own efficacy.
The Reality of Competitive Advantage in the Ministry of Education in the Sultanate of Oman in the Context of Oman Vision 2040
Authors: Alhabsi Radhiya Sulaiman Nasser , Alfawair Ahmad MJ O
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to assess the level of competitive advantage in the Ministry of Education in the Sultanate of Oman, in the context of Oman Vision 2040. A total of 257 employees from the Ministry of Education in Oman participated in the study. The analytical descriptive approach was used, and a questionnaire comprising 31 items was distributed among the participants to assess the quality of educational services, distinguished human resources, material and financial resources, and the pursuit of institutional excellence. The study found that the level of competitive advantage in the Ministry of Education in Oman was "average", with the quality of educational services dimension having the highest level and the distinguished human resources dimension having the lowest level. The study also revealed statistically significant differences in the responses due to qualification and years of experience. However, there were no statistically significant differences due to gender and nature of work. Based on the results, the study recommends the enhancement of competitive advantage in the Ministry of Education in Oman by improving the quality of educational services, developing human resources, improving management and strategic planning, and focusing on developing and modernizing educational programs to meet the needs of the labor market and the requirements of the times in light of Oman Vision 2040.
The Role of FinTech in Determining the Performance of Banks: The Case of Middle East & North Africa (MENA) Region
Authors: Khalaf Bashar Abu , Awad Antoine B. , Ahmed Omnia , Gharios Robert T.
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between these technologies and banking profitability, specific to the MENA region. This paper applied the mixed methodology in order to check if we can confirm the results achieved in running the regression by the managers and employee’s opinion which were gathered by interviews. We gathered data using Refinitiv Eikon platform for all banks included in Qatar, Turkey, Jordan, UAE, Egypt, Morocco and Saudi Arabia. The final sample included 45 banks for the period of 2010-2022, interviewing 37 managers and 63 employees. The two specific technologies that has been examined are internet and mobile banking services. In addition, other control variables included in the model representing bank characteristics are Size and Leverage. Through mixed methodology it was determined that all variables are positively correlated, however, the degree of significance varies with mobile banking, size, internet banking and leverage being ordered from most to least. This suggests that the performance of banks in the MENA region increase when they adopt more FinTech such as making their internet services and mobile banking application available to customers. Also, the interesting result is that the interview results confirmed the regression results and the managers/employee’s opinions stated that they believe that customers increased when the financial technology has been adopted and the perceived uselessness is great and this affected the profitability of banks significantly.
Psychological Stress in the Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Terms of Some Variables
Authors: Dagamseh Bayan Izzeddine AL
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to detect the level of psychological stress in the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in terms of some variables, and to attain that, the researcher built a scale to measure psychological stress in mothers by referring to the theoretical literature. The study scale included (6) Dimensions included in (53) paragraphs. The validity of the tool was confirmed by presenting it to a number of arbitrators with experience in the field of psychological counseling, and making sure that it was stable using the stability coefficient Alpha Cronbach, which amounted to (0.98) for the scale in total, the researcher used the descriptive method to verify to answer the questions of the study, the researcher calculated the mean and standard deviations of the responses of the mothers of the subjects. The general mean of the total score of the psychological stress scale was average with a mean of (3.02), in addition to the presence of significant differences at the level of significance (0.05 = ?) in the degree of psychological stress in mothers with autism spectrum disorder due to the variable of the educational level of the mother, marital status and the severity of disability, where the (8.213), the maternal stress scale showed the absence of a statistically significant above depending on the variable of disability severity and its value was (8.532). In light of the results of the study, the researcher made a number of recommendations to alleviate psychological stress in the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder, and work on developing strategies to solve the problem of psychological stress in the mothers of people with autism spectrum disorder by referring to previous studies and taking experiences from them, in addition to holding training courses for mothers on how to deal with their children with autism spectrum disorder.
Adherence to the Global Initiative for Asthma Recommendations: A Narrative Review
Authors: Alsayed Ahmad R. , Alabbas Nour , Shweiki Anas Osama AL , Dulaimi Abdullah Al-
Published: August 2023

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, affects millions of individuals worldwide. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) provides evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and managing asthma. This narrative review aims to explore the significance of adhering to the GINA recommendations for improving asthma outcomes. We delve into the key components of GINA guidelines, their impact on clinical practice, challenges in adherence, and potential strategies to enhance guideline implementation.
Toxic Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Dose in Pediatric Cannabis Edible Ingestions
Authors: Pepin Lesley C. , Simon Mark W. , Banerji Shireen , Leonard Jan , Hoyte Christopher O. , Wang George S.
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

The study characterizes cannabis toxicity in relation to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) dose in pediatric edible cannabis ingestions.

METHODS

This is a retrospective review of children aged <6 years presenting with edible cannabis ingestions of known THC dose within a pediatric hospital network (January 1, 2015–October 25, 2022). Cannabis toxicity was characterized as severe if patients exhibited severe cardiovascular (bradycardia, tachycardia/hypotension requiring vasopressors or intravenous fluids, other dysrhythmias), respiratory (respiratory failure, apnea, requiring oxygen supplementation), or neurologic (seizure, myoclonus, unresponsiveness, responsiveness to painful stimulation only, requiring intubation or sedation) effects. Cannabis toxicity was characterized as prolonged if patients required >6 hours to reach baseline. The relationship between THC dose and severe and prolonged toxicity was explored using multivariable logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic curve analyses.

RESULTS

Eighty patients met inclusion. The median age was 2.9 years. The median THC ingestion was 2.1 mg/kg. Severe and prolonged toxicity was present in 46% and 74%, respectively. THC dose was a significant predictor of severe (adjusted odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–4.7) and prolonged toxicity (adjusted odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.6–6.5), whereas age and sex were not. Area under the curve was 92.9% for severe and 87.3% for prolonged toxicity. THC ingestions of ≥1.7 mg/kg can predict severe (sensitivity 97.3%) and prolonged toxicity (sensitivity 75.4%).

CONCLUSIONS

The THC dose of edible cannabis correlates to the degree of toxicity in children <6 years old. The threshold of 1.7 mg/kg of THC may guide medical management and preventive regulations.
Principles of Child Health Care Financing
Authors: Galbraith Alison A. , Price Jonathan , Abraham Claire , Giardino Angelo P. ,   COMMITTEE ON CHILD HEALTH FINANCING, Perrin James M. , Price Jonathan , Chamberlain Lisa , Chen Mike , Chung Sandy L. , Galbraith Alison A. , Giardino Angelo P. , Heggen Kimberly A. , Kusma Jennifer , Moskowitz William , Pearlman Stephen A. , Raphael Jean L. , Turchi Renee , Salaway Teresa
Published: August 2023

The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that the United States can and should ensure that all children, adolescents, and young adults from birth through the age of 26 years who reside within its borders have affordable access to high-quality comprehensive health care. Comprehensive, high-quality care addresses issues, challenges, and opportunities unique to children and young adults and addresses the effects of historic and present inequities. All families should have equitable access to professionals and facilities with expertise in the care of children within a reasonable distance of their residence. Payment methodologies should be structured to guarantee the economic viability of the pediatric medical home and of pediatric specialty and subspecialty practices. The recent increase in child uninsurance over the last several years is a threat to the well-being of children and families in the short- and long-term. Deficiencies in plans currently covering insured children pose similar threats. The AAP believes that the United States must not sacrifice recent hard-won gains for our children and that child health care financing should be based on the following guiding principles: (1) coverage with quality, affordable health insurance should be universal; (2) comprehensive pediatric services should be covered; (3) cost sharing should be affordable and should not negatively affect care; (4) payment should be adequate to strengthen family- and patient-centered medical homes; (5) child health financing policy should promote equity and address longstanding health and health care disparities; and (6) the unique characteristics and needs of children should be reflected.
Богословська освіта і наука як засоби формування громадянського суспільства в Україні
Authors: Делятинський Руслан , Гоголь Василь
Published: August 2023

В умовах повномасштабної війни РФ проти України (з 24 лютого 2022 р.) актуалізувалися наукові проблеми взаємозв’язку релігійної та національної ідентичності, ролі Церков і громадянського суспільства в сучасних процесах. З цього моменту, можна стверджувати, розпочався якісно новий етап формування української національної ідентичності, зросли роль і вплив Церков на консолідацію громадянського суспільства. Метою статті є з’ясування ролі богословської освіти та науки у процесі формування громадянського суспільства в Україні на сучасному етапі, визначення імовірних меж та механізмів впливу цієї галузі освіти і науки на різні сфери суспільного життя у дальшій перспективі.

Основні результати. Проведено короткий ретроспективний аналіз і виокремлено три етапи розвитку спеціальності «Богослов’я» як освітньої та наукової спеціальності в незалежній Україні, подано статистику розвитку духовних ЗВО за 25 років, з’ясовано перелік закладів вищої освіти, які у 2022 році проводили підготовку за цією спеціальністю, проаналізовано становлення і розвиток окремих ЗВО (на прикладі Українського Католицького університету та Івано-Франківської академії Івана Золотоустого).

Висновки. Доведено, що відбулося якісне зміщення акцентів у підготовці фахівців зі спеціальності «Богослов’я» за останні 30 років – від підготовки кадрів для Церков (з обмеженою сферою працевлаштування) до підготовки кадрів для Церков і суспільства (з широкою перспективою самореалізації). Доведено, що запровадження, відповідно до Закону України «Про вищу освіту» (2014 р.) механізму ліцензування та акредитації спеціальності «Богослов’я» позитивно вплинуло на розвиток закладів вищої освіти, активізацію наукової та освітньої діяльності в галузі богословських наук, відкрило широкі можливості професійної реалізації для випускників-богословів у «церковно-релігійній» та «поза-церковній, світській» сферах діяльності, що сприятиме розвитку громадянського суспільства в Україні. Відтак, для підвищення корисного потенціалу впливу «Богослов’я» як освітньої та наукової спеціальності на громадянське суспільство, автори пропонують закладам вищої освіти зосередитись на активізації освітньої т наукової діяльності, поєднанні глибоких наукових досліджень і популяризації богословських знань в суспільстві, поступовій диференціації окремих «спеціалізацій» в межах спеціальності, створенні міждисциплінарних освітніх програм. Поступове зростання «попиту на духовність» в суспільстві у дальшій перспективі може визначити значну роль спеціальності «Богослов’я» в становленні духовних основ громадянського суспільства в Україні.
Соціальна робота в громаді з учасниками бойових дій, що були нещодавно демобілізовані
Authors: Гордєєва Тетяна , Лазарева Алла
Published: August 2023

У статті досліджено реалізацію соціальної роботи в громаді з нещодавно демобілізованими учасниками бойових дій. Для цього було застосовано методи опису, аналізу та синтезу, порівняння, узагальнення. Здійснено огляд літератури з цієї проблематики.

Мета дослідження – теоретично та практично розкрити питання соціальної роботи з нещодавно демобілізованими учасниками бойових дій.

Актуальність дослідження обумовлена тим, що погляди на соціальну роботу як на сферу допомоги категоріям, що потрапили у складні життєві обставини, постійно змінюються з урахуванням зростання кількості демобілізованих військових та наявністю у них індивідуальних потреб.

Результати. У роботі було розглянуто сутність адаптації учасників бойових дій та її елементи. Охарактеризовано реадаптацію військових, їх соціалізацію в армійському та цивільному середовищі, проблему гендеру в соціальній роботі. Визначено сучасні підходи до соціальної роботи з нещодавно демобілізованими учасниками бойових дій.

Проаналізовано реалізацію процесу соціальної роботи з нещодавно демобілізованими учасниками бойових дій у Черкаській області. Охарактеризовано щоденник «Все буде» як універсальний збірник практик для здійснення соціальної роботи з військовими. Визначено важливість досвіду Черкаського регіону.

На основі територіальних громад Черкаської області було визначено особливості соціальної роботи з демобілізованими військовими в районах регіону, зокрема в Маньківській, Леськівській, Городищенській та Драбівській громадах.

Висновки. Основними напрямами соціальної роботи з нещодавно демобілізованими учасниками бойових дій є надання освітніх послуг на безкоштовній або частково платній основі, надання медичних послуг на безкоштовній основі або зі знижкою, відвідування житла учасників бойових дій та вирішення побутових проблем, надання правової та інформаційної допомоги.
Нацистська кампанія вербування й депортації населення в дистрикті Галичина (1941–1944)
Authors: Афтанас Андрій
Published: August 2023

Мета статті – розкрити особливості проведення кампанії вербування й трудової мобілізації населення на теренах дистрикту Галичина, з’ясувати роль Українського Центрального Комітету в питанні опіки над депортованими до Німеччини.

Актуальність дослідження зумовлюється російсько-українською війною та окупаційною політикою, яку держава-агресор проводить на підконтрольній їй території, зокрема реалізація кампанії депортації населення. З огляду на те, що востаннє подібні за масштабом акції здійснювались в роки Другої світової війни, заслуговує на увагу висвітлення процесів примусового вивезення українців із дистрикту Галичина на працю до Німеччини.

Результати дослідження полягають в тому, що на основі архівних документів, спогадів, матеріалів преси простежено особливості реалізації нацистської політики депортації населення з дистрикту Галичина в Німеччину. Встановлено, що у рамках згаданих акцій окупаційна адміністрація спиралася на широку інституційну мережу Урядів праці, які функціонували в кожному окрузі й займались пошуком робочої сили. З’ясовано, що важливе місце у цьому процесі займала діяльність Інформаційного бюро, головним завданням якого було рекрутування висококваліфікованих спеціалістів. Проаналізовано роль Українського Центрального Комітету та українських організацій, що діяли в Німеччині, у питанні надання підтримки депортованим.

Висновки. Населення галицького дистрикту активно залучалось до примусової трудової мобілізації на користь Німеччини. Вагому роль у кампанії вербування робочої сили відіграли цивільні окупаційні органи влади, Інформаційне бюро. Практичну допомогу рекрутованим і депортованим робітниками надавали легальні організації, які діяли як у дистрикті (Український Центральний Комітет), так і безпосередньо на теренах Німеччини (Українська установа довір’я).
Способи формування соціально-емоційного розвитку у дітей дошкільного віку
Authors: Ісмаїлова Нігяр
Published: August 2023

Анотація.

У статті йдеться про способи формування соціально-емоційного розвитку у дітей дошкільного віку. При цьому зачіпаються і питання розвитку цього процесу в різні вікові періоди. Способи підтримки соціально-емоційного розвитку також включені в аналіз. У статті також досліджуються питання, які забезпечують спільноту та її розвиток у процесі суспільного розвитку. Приклади ігор про це наведені в статті.Крім того, соціальний та емоційний розвиток дитини з перших років його життя має великий вплив на розвиток його особистості. Соціальний розвиток - це здатність дитини спілкуватися, співпрацювати, працювати разом з родичами, а потім з дітьми і дорослими, а також оволодіння соціальними нормами. Емоційний розвиток означає, що дитина розуміє почуття інших, правильно висловлює власні почуття і регулює свої почуття. Соціальний розвиток дитини починається з сім'ї і продовжується в дошкільному навчальному закладі. Цей ланцюжок триває і показує себе.Для дитини ранній віковий період характеризується нестійким емоційним настроєм, виникненням емоцій, чутливістю. Все це визначає основні напрямки психологічної роботи з дітьми - емоційність життя дитини і допомогу в її регуляції. У дітей дошкільного віку соціальні та емоційні якості розвиваються разом. Дитина регулює свій емоційний настрій, виходячи з норм соціального середовища, в якому живе. Через соціально-емоційний розвиток у дітей формується позитивне ставлення до людей, доброта, турбота, взаємодопомога, участь в чужому болю, вирішення конфліктів тощо. Діти набувають базових навичок ігрової, трудової та практичної діяльності, правил поведінки в колективі. У цей період виникають різні форми первинної взаємодії дітей з дорослими і однолітками. У статті в аналіз включаються роботи, що ведуться в цьому напрямку, і наводиться докладна інформація про них. Чим повніше і барвистіше діяльність дитини, чим вона важливіше для дитини і відображає його характер, тим краще буде його розвиток.
СУБ’ЄКТНА МЕЖА АНТРОПОМОРФНОСТІ РОБОТІВ
Authors: BESKARAVAINYI Stanislav
Published: August 2023

Мета. Обґрунтувати одну з можливих меж антропоморфності у створенні людиноподібних роботів.Актуальність. Виявлення потенційних протиріч у розвитку робототехніки та уточнення загроз, які можуть нести. Формування уявлень про міру антропоморфності роботів, коли вони зможуть заміщати людину у соціумі.Результати. Уявлення про роботи та ШІ, як про інструменти, засноване на інструментальному розумінні техніки взагалі, а також на осмислення роботів як виконавців. Опонують такому підходу переважно філософські та художні точки зору, які часто профанують проблему або розглядають її як віддалену перспективу.Робота, в процесі його наближення до людини (тобто створення повної біологічної та психічної копії людини штучного походження), необхідно розглядати як об’єкт, який набуває якостей суб’єкта.Якщо робот залишається об’єктом, то асимптотичне наближення до антропоморфності перетворює його на «ляльку», на маріонетку, тому що свобода вибору несумісна зі статусом об’єкта. Якщо робот набуває суб’єктності, то для конкуренції з іншими техногенними суб’єктами, йому необхідно усунути обмеження людської форми. Якщо такий суб’єкт якимось чином зберігає контроль над антропоморфною машиною, то для нього це не вмістилище свідомості, а лише інструмент для впливу на специфічне середовище, створене для людини, а також для соціального спілкування з людиною. Тобто для повноцінного техногенного суб’єкту, для загального ШІ ідеальна подоба людини — це лише специфічний антропоморфний орган почуття.Цей процес багато в чому визначений тим, що людина в рамках технічного прогресу перебуває в перманентному протиріччі: люди прагнуть бути метою, а не засобом, але революції в техніці дозволяють відчужувати окремі якості та вміння людей, замінюючи людину механізмом. Ідеальна штучна подоба людини – створює можливість повного відчуження продуктів будь-якої людської діяльності.Для оцінки можливості створення антропоморфного робота за існуючого рівня розвитку техніки використано діалектичний метод, історичний підхід, метод уявного експерименту, критерії автономності та цілепокладання.Висновки. Однією з меж антропоморфності у створенні роботів можливо вважати досягнення ними суб’єктності. Для техногенного суб’єкта сама антропоморфність втрачає сенс як суттєва конкурентна перевага, тому що виникнуть більш досконалі носії психіки.