bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Second-Career CNAs in Nursing Homes: Tapping an Underused Resource
Authors: Pennington Karen , Congdon JoAnn G. , Magilvy Joan K.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics, work perceptions, and factors influencing employment of second-career certified nursing assistants (CNAs) in nursing homes. The qualitative descriptive design included a purposeful sample of 17 participants from 5 nursing homes. Data generation consisted of demographic surveys and audiotaped interviews that were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for emerging themes. Four themes were identified: negative first impressions of the work did not deter second-career CNAs, second-career CNAs lived out personal ideals and values through their work, positive relationships and job benefits retained second-career CNAs, and second-career CNAs expressed hopes for transforming nursing homes. Results revealed a group of committed, mature workers to fill labor shortages in an essential health care setting.
Structured Exercise in Older Adults With Limited Functional Ability: Assessing the Benefits of an Aerobic Plus Resistance Training Program
Authors: Fahlman Mariane M.
Published: October 2019

The authors of this study examined the effects of a 16-week exercise program designed to increase aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and muscular endurance in older adults who reported and exhibited limited functional ability. Participants were randomly assigned to either an exercise (n = 39) or a control (n = 34) group. Dependent variables tested included measures of fitness (aerobic exercise capacity and isokinetic strength testing of the legs and arms) and measures of functional capacity (time to and off the floor, stair test, chair stand, and bicep curl). At the end of the program, there were significant differences between the exercise and control groups in arm strength, chair stand, and biceps curl. The results of this study indicate functionally limited older adults who maintain a structured exercise program for 16 weeks exhibit increased functional ability.
Decision Support for Collaboration of Carriers Based on Clustering, Swarm Intelligence and Shapley Value
Authors: Hsieh Fu-Shiung
Published: October 2019

Transportation costs constitute an important part in providing services and goods to customers. How to reduce transportation costs has a significant influence on competitive advantage of carriers. Although a lot of vehicle routing problems (VRP) and their variants have been extensively studied to reduce transportation costs via optimization of vehicle routes, little research focuses on how to achieve lower transportation costs through cooperation of carriers while fulfilling customer requests. This article aims to develop a decision support framework to facilitate cooperation of carriers to reduce transportation costs further based on information sharing, clustering requests, swarm intelligence, and the Shapley value cost allocation scheme. Two decision models for two carriers are compared: one reflecting the scenario without cooperation between the two carriers and the other one reflecting the scenario with cooperation between the two carriers. The simulation results indicate that the swarm intelligence and Shapley value based cooperative decision model outperforms that of the independent decision model.
Inhibition of Allergic Reactivity through Targeting FcεRI-Bound IgE with Humanized Low-Affinity Antibodies
Authors: Zhang Ke , Elias Michael , Zhang Hong , Liu Jeffrey , Kepley Christopher , Bai Yun , Metcalfe Dean D. , Schiller Zachary , Wang Yang , Saxon Andrew
Published: October 2019

Options for effective prevention and treatment of epidemic allergic diseases remain limited, and particularly so for IgE-mediated food allergies. We previously found that mouse low-affinity anti-human IgE mAbs with KD in the 10−6–10−8 M range were capable of blocking allergic reactivity without triggering immediate allergic mediator release. In this study, we humanized three parent low affinity allergic response inhibitor (LARI) mouse anti-human IgE mAbs and characterized their biological and immunological features, refined the lead candidate for further clinical development, examined their safety profiles, determined their therapeutic efficiency, and explored the mechanism of action potentially responsible for their therapeutic effects. LARI profoundly blocked cat- and peanut-allergic IgE-mediated basophil activation, inhibited acute release of both prestored and newly synthesized mediator from human mast cells, suppressed peanut-specific IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and attenuated dansyl IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in human FcεRIα transgenic mice. Safety testing demonstrated that concentrations of LARI well above therapeutic levels failed to trigger immediate release of prestored and newly synthesized allergic mediators, failed to promote robust cytokine/chemokine production from allergic effector cells, and did not elicit allergic reactivity in an animal model of cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis. Mechanistic studies revealed that LARI downregulated surface FcεRI receptors and IgE via internalization of the IgE/FcεRI, promoted a partial mediator depletion pathway leading to slow release of small amount of mediators, and functioned as a partial antagonist to inhibit FcεRI signaling phosphorylation of Syk, Akt, Erk, and p38 MAPK. These studies demonstrate that targeting surface-bound IgE with LARI profoundly suppresses human allergic reactivity while displaying an excellent safety profile.
Sport Specialization, Club Sport Participation, Quality of Life, and Injury History Among High School Athletes
Authors: Dahab Katherine , Potter Morgan N. , Provance Aaron , Albright Jay , Howell David R.
Published: October 2019

Context

Many factors can affect the injury risk and quality of life among high school athletes. Early sport specialization and club sport participation may be components to consider when assessing the injury risk and quality of life.

Objective

To investigate patient-reported quality-of-life and injury-history measures among adolescent athletes at different sport-specialization levels and to compare these measures between those who did and those who did not report participating in club sports.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

High school athletic facility.

Patients or Other Participants

High school student athletes 13 to 18 years of age were recruited and tested during their annual preseason athletic physical examinations.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Our primary grouping variables were sport-specialization level (classified as low, moderate, or high) and club sport participation (organized sport outside of traditional school athletics). Our outcome variables were the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Pediatric Profile-37 rating, Severity Measure for Depression–Child score, and injury history.

Results

A total of 97 individuals participated (mean age = 15.2 ± 1.1 years; 38% female). Relatively similar proportions of individuals reported participating at each level of sport specialization (low = 34%, moderate = 40%, high = 26%). Forty-six (48%) participants stated they participated in club sports. No differences were evident in quality of life (P values = .15–.92 across domains), depression (P = .60), or injury history (P > .70) among the specialization groups. Those who described participating in club sports had a higher proportion of time-loss musculoskeletal injuries (63% versus 29%; P = .002) and of injuries requiring imaging, injection, a cast, a brace, or crutches (72% versus 46%; P = .013) than those who did not.

Conclusions

Although no injury-history differences were found among the sport-specialization groups, a higher proportion of club sport athletes than nonclub sport athletes reported a history of injury. Club sports are generally seen as more competitive, and the higher number of injuries seen in this setting could be related to a higher level of play among club sport athletes.
Sport Specialization and Coordination Differences in Multisport Adolescent Female Basketball, Soccer, and Volleyball Athletes
Authors: DiCesare Christopher A. , Montalvo Alicia , Foss Kim D. Barber , Thomas Staci M. , Hewett Timothy E. , Jayanthi Neeru A. , Myer Gregory D.
Published: October 2019

Context

Early sport specialization, or the participation in 1 sport year-round to the exclusion of all others, is a growing concern in youth athletics because of its possible association with musculoskeletal injury. The underlying injury risk may be the result of coordination differences that sport-specialized athletes have been speculated to exhibit relative to multisport athletes; however, little evidence exists to support or refute this notion.

Objective

To examine relative hip- and knee-joint angular-motion variability among adolescent sport-specialized and multisport female adolescent athletes to determine how sport specialization may affect coordination.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 366 sport-specialized and 366 multisport adolescent female basketball, soccer, and volleyball players.

Intervention(s)

Drop–vertical-jump (DVJ) assessment.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Average coupling-angle variability (CAV) for hip flexion and knee flexion, knee flexion and ankle flexion, hip flexion and knee abduction, knee flexion and knee abduction, knee flexion and knee internal rotation, and knee abduction and knee internal rotation.

Results

The sport-specialized group exhibited increased coupling variability in dominant-limb hip flexion and knee flexion (P = .015), knee flexion and knee abduction (P = .014), and knee flexion and knee internal rotation (P = .048) while landing during the DVJ, although they had small effect sizes (η2 = 0.010, 0.010, and 0.007, respectively). No differences were present between groups for any of the other CAV measures of the dominant limb, and no differences were found for any CAV measures of the nondominant limb (all P values > .05).

Conclusions

Sport specialization was associated with increased variability of critical hip- and knee-joint couplings responsible for effective landing during the DVJ. Altered coordination strategies that involve the hip and knee joints may underlie unstable landings, inefficient force-absorption strategies, or greater contact forces that can place the lower extremities at risk for injury (or a combination of these).
Early Single Sport Specialization in a High-Achieving US Athlete Population: Comparing National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes and Undergraduate Students
Authors: DiFiori John P. , Quitiquit Celeste , Gray Aaron , Kimlin Edward J. , Baker Ryan
Published: October 2019

Context

Early single-sport specialization and the relative age effect are often cited as improving the chances of sport success. Both concepts suggest that genetics and the environment have little influence on sport success.

Objective

To compare National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes (SAs) with their undergraduate nonathlete peers (NAs) in terms of birth month, age of sport initiation, and age of single-sport specialization. A family history of sport participation was examined as a potential marker for genetic and social influences.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting

Large urban university.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 273 Division I SAs (138 women, 135 men) and 155 NAs (78 women, 77 men) participated. The NAs had been involved in competitive youth sports before entering the university.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that addressed the age of sport initiation, birth month, age of single-sport specialization, and parental and sibling sport achievement.

Main Results

Neither birth month nor the age of sport initiation differed between groups (age of sport initiation = 7.16 ± 2.6 years for the SAs versus 7.71 ± 3.5 for the NAs; P = .176). A larger proportion of SAs began participating before 10 years of age (80% versus 63%; P = .02). The parents of SAs were more likely to have participated in collegiate (32.4% versus 8.4%; P < .0001) and professional (10.9% versus 1.3%; P = .0005) sports. The SAs specialized in a single sport at an older age (15.38 ± 2.7 years versus 14.30 ± 2.6 years; P = .002). Both groups participated in multiple sports in childhood (SAs = 3.9 ± 1.8 sports, NAs = 3.2 ± 1.8 sports; P = .366).

Conclusions

The Division I SAs did not specialize in a single sport at a younger age than the NAs. No evidence of a relative age effect was present. Importantly, higher levels of sport achievement among the parents and siblings of SAs suggest that genetic endowment and family or other environmental dynamics play a large role in athletic performance. Overall, the results are not consistent with deliberate practice theory and point toward an alternative model that includes not only sport-specific skill development but also genetic and social factors as key elements of long-term sport achievement.
The Public Health Consequences of Sport Specialization
Authors: Bell David R. , DiStefano Lindsay , Pandya Nirav K. , McGuine Timothy A
Published: October 2019

Sport specialization was thought to affect a relatively small number of elite athletes, but it is now a common practice in youth sport culture. Recent research in the field of sport specialization has led to a better understanding of the influence this issue is having on youth (ie, younger than 19 years of age) today. This review focuses on sport specialization from a public health perspective to elucidate the effect that this practice is having within the United States. The specific goals of this review are to describe (1) the prevalence of sport specialization and the factors that may affect the decision to specialize, (2) the costs of youth sport-related injuries in the context of sport specialization, (3) the financial costs that sport specialization has for families, and (4) how sport specialization may be affecting physical literacy.
Coccoid Helicobacter pylori: An uncommon form of a common pathogen
Authors: Reinhard Heidi , Jarad Mary , Ladd Vanessa , Kahwash Samir
Published: October 2019

Microscopic recognition remains a major component of diagnosing specific infectious agents or, at the minimum, an important first step in initiating a workup to confirm a specific infectious etiology. However, organisms are known to adapt in response to treatment, not only by developing resistance mechanisms but also undergoing major morphologic changes in some cases. Such morphologic adaptation can make them drastically different and hence difficult to recognize or characterize by an unwary examiner. The purpose of this article is to highlight a rare and unusual form of Helicobacter pylori referred to as coccoid H. pylori.
Lokale Charakteristika im Gebrauch von Stilelementen – Störfaktor in der globalisierten Fachkommunikation?
Authors: Kuster Kopač Helena
Published: October 2019

In der Fachkommunikation hohen Spezialisierungsgrades zeigen sich auf globaler Ebene Optimierungstendenzen, d. h. Tendenzen zu einem schnelleren und effizienteren Informations- bzw. Wissenstransfer. Globalisierte Konventionen in der Fachtextproduktion zeigen sich u. a. auch im Gebrauch sprachlicher Stilelemente, die einer ökonomisierten Kommunikation dienen sollen. Toleranz im Einsatz lokaler Charakteristika primärer kultureller Systeme wird in der sprachwissenschaftlichen, translationswissenschaftlichen und soziokulturellen Theorie und in der Praxis unterschiedlich aufgefasst und bewertet. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert sich auf die wesentlichen Argumente, die in der Zeit einer fortschreitenden digitalen Fachkommunikation die Bedeutung lokaler Sprachcharakteristika hervorheben. Als vorteilhaft erweisen sich Letztere in den folgenden Aspekten: Sie tragen zur Personalisierung der Fach(sprach)lichkeit hohen Grades bei; das Erhalten stilistischer Eigenschaften des primären kulturellen Systems stärkt die kognitive Identität eines Sprach- und Kulturraums. Nicht zuletzt tragen lokale fachliche Denkstile auch zum Schaffen eines globalen Fachdenkmusters bei, indem die Interkulturalität, die sich im Prozess des Fachübersetzens herausbildet, im inhaltlichen Sinne den Wissens- und Informationstransfer ermöglicht.
Fachtexte-in-Vernetzung als interdisziplinärer Zugang zu fachlichen Kommunikationsräumen – ein neues Paradigma der aktuellen Fachkommunikationsforschung
Authors: Baumann Klaus-Dieter
Published: October 2019

Die vorliegende Betrachtung von Fachtexten-in-Vernetzung und Kommunikationsräumen hat deutlich gemacht, dass zwischen beiden ein außerordentlich komplexes Zusammenspiel besteht. Die in der Fachkommunikation zu beobachtenden Vertextungsregularitäten führen zu bestimmten Fachtext(-sort)en in-Vernetzung, die als mehrschichtiger Zugang zu fachlichen Kommunikationsräumen fungieren. Diese bestehen aus einem vielschichtigen Beziehungsgeflecht von Dimensionen der Kulturen, Sozialität, Situativität, Intermedialität, des Fachdenkens, Fachinhalts, der Funktion, Textstrukturen, Syntax und Morphologie, des Stils, der Lexik und Semantik, der Grafik, Orthographie, Phonetik und Phonologie. Zukünftigen Untersuchungen bleibt es vorbehalten, das skizzierte interdisziplinäre Modell der Fachtexte-in-Vernetzung als fachliche Kommunikationsräume durch empirische Analysen auf den einzelnen Bezugsebenen weiter zu untermauern.
Zur Intertextualität in Postings: Eine exemplarische Analyse deutschsprachiger Postings in Kommentarforen zu Online-Zeitungsartikeln zum Bologna-Prozess
Authors: Polajnar Janja
Published: October 2019

Im Beitrag werden vielfältige intertextuelle Bezüge in Postings der Kommentarforen, die für diese junge kommunikative Praktik konstitutiv sind, differenziert beschrieben. Postings nehmen als reaktive kommunikative Praktiken nicht nur auf die Online-Zeitungsartikel, sondern auch auf Postings anderer UserInnen sowie auf weitere Texte intertextuell Bezug. Aufgrund medialer Prägung und veränderter textueller Praktik von Postings (Dialogizität, Interaktion u. a.) ist es notwendig, intertextuelle Bezüge nach unterschiedlichen Referenztexten getrennt zu beschreiben, um diese medial geprägte neue Qualität intertextueller Beziehungen zu erfassen. Anhand der Analyse von 119 Postings aus drei Kommentarforen von Zeit-Online konnte eine eigene Typologie von intertextuellen Bezugnahmen unter Berücksichtigung technisch-medialer Charakteristika erarbeitet werden. Hierbei wurden nicht nur Bezüge auf Textelemente, sondern auch auf auditive und visuelle Elemente multimodaler Kommunikate berücksichtigt. Obwohl in Postings etablierte intertextuelle Verweise wie die Übernahmen von zentralen lexikalischen Einheiten sowie inhaltliche Anspielungen dominieren, konnten auch einige Änderungen (längere vorangestellte Zitate) bzw. neue intertextuelle Bezugnahmen (Verlinkungen, auf mehrere Postings verteile Gesprächssequenzen u. a.) festgestellt werden.
Varietätenabhängige topologische Beschränkungen der slowenischen Partikel pa
Authors: Rath Alexander
Published: October 2019

Die slowenische Partikel (und Konjunktion) pa ist eines der frequentesten Lexeme des Slowenischen. Da sie sowohl additive als auch kontrastive Relationen ausdrückt und darüber hinaus auch als Fokus- und Modalpartikel fungiert, ist sie als stark unterspezifiziert einzustufen. Innerhalb des slowenischen Satzes, dessen Zweitposition einer Klitikakette nach Wackernagel vorbehalten ist, ist sie in der Lage, eine Vielzahl an topologischen Positionen einzunehmen: Die Vorerstposition und die Erstposition, die Einschubposition zwischen Erst- und Zweitposition, die Position zwischen der Zweitposition und dem Mittelfeld und seltener auch Positionen nach der rechten Verbklammer. In manchen Fällen kann sie in die Klitikakette der Wackernagelposition integriert sein. Es wurde vermutet, dass die von pa einnehmbaren Positionen varietätenlinguistischen Beschränkungen unterliegen, und zwar je nach Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit bzw. Oratheit und Literatheit des Textes. Der vorliegende Artikel zeigt anhand einer Untersuchung von einerseits transkribierten Interviews zu persönlichen und hoch emotionalen Themen und andererseits weitgehend formalen publizistischen Texten, dass tatsächlich eine unterschiedliche Verteilung vorliegt. Außer im Falle von verschriftlichten Zitaten mündlicher Sprache entfallen in den publizistischen Texten nämlich sämtliche Positionen rechts der Wackernagelposition.
Überlegungen zum Wortbildungspotenzial des Lexems frisch im Deutschen
Authors: Čuden Darko
Published: October 2019

Das deutsche Morphem bzw. Lexem frisch zeigt angesichts seiner verhältnismäßig bescheidenen Distribution in der deutschen Lexik eine überraschende Vielfalt, die auf der morphologischen Ebene (frisch- kommt als Einheit oder deren Teil als Substantiv, Verb, Adjektiv, Adverb und sogar als Interjektion vor) auch wortbildungsmäßig als Produkt von Ableitungen und Zusammensetzungen in unterschiedlichen Ausführungen und Konversionen zum Ausdruck kommt. Der zehnbändige Duden (1999) schreibt dem adjektivischen Lexem frisch fünf Bedeutungen zu. Das semantisch relativ beschränkte frisch in adjektivischen Zusammensetzungen lässt aber im Einklang mit stets veränderlichen außersprachlichen Gegebenheiten unendliche Realisierungen zu (internetfrisch aus Internet frisch renoviert?). Die erste unmittelbare Konstituente in adjektivischen frisch-Zusammensetzungen ist bei weitem das Substantiv. Die Verwendung der frisch-Lexik ist überraschenderweise in der Sprache des Jagdwesens auffallend. Die lexikalisch-semantische Kompatibilität der frisch-Adjektive mit nachfolgenden Substantiven ist ziemlich beschränkt und relativ voraussagbar. Die Mehrdeutigkeit der frisch-Adjektive ist selten, genauso sprach- und funktionalistische Markierung(en). Frisch kann auch Teil von Familiennamen sein und hat zahlreiche Spuren in der Literatur hinterlassen.
On homomorphism-homogeneous point-line geometries
Authors: Jungabel Eva
Published: October 2019

A relational structure is homomorphism-homogeneous if every homomorphism between finite substructures extends to an endomorphism of the structure. A point-line geometry is a non-empty set of elements called points, together with a collection of subsets, called lines, in a way that every line contains at least two points and any pair of points is contained in at most one line. A line which contains more than two points is called a regular line. Point-line geometries can alternatively be formalised as relational structures. We establish a correspondence between the point-line geometries investigated in this paper and the firstorder structures with a single ternary relation L satisfying certain axioms (i.e. that the class of point-line geometries corresponds to a subclass of 3-uniform hypergraphs). We characterise the homomorphism-homogeneous point-line geometries with two regular non-intersecting lines. Homomorphism-homogeneous pointline geometries containing two regular intersecting lines have already been classified by Mašulović.
Contributions of Nordic anthropogenic emissions on air pollution and premature mortality over the Nordic region and the Arctic
Authors: Im Ulas , Christensen Jesper H. , Nielsen Ole-Kenneth , Sand Maria , Makkonen Risto , Geels Camilla , Anderson Camilla , Kukkonen Jaakko , Lopez-Aparicio Susana , Brandt Jørgen
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This modeling study presents the sectoral contributions of anthropogenic
emissions in the four Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden)
on air pollution levels and the associated health impacts and costs over the
Nordic and the Arctic regions for the year 2015. The Danish Eulerian
Hemispheric Model (DEHM) has been used on a 50 km resolution over Europe in
tagged mode in order to calculate the response of a 30 % reduction of each
emission sector in each Nordic country individually. The emission sectors
considered in the study were energy production, non-industrial/commercial
heating, industry, traffic, off-road mobile sources and waste
management/agriculture. In total, 28 simulations were carried out. Following
the air pollution modeling, the Economic Valuation of Air Pollution (EVA)
model has been used to calculate the associated premature mortality and
their costs. Results showed that more than 80 % of the PM2.5
concentration was attributed to transport from outside these four countries,
implying an effort outside the Nordic region in order to decrease the
pollutant levels over the area. The leading emission sector in each country
was found to be non-industrial combustion (contributing by more than 60 %
to the total PM2.5 mass coming from the country itself), except for
Sweden, where industry contributed to PM2.5 with a comparable amount to
non-industrial combustion. In addition to non-industrial combustion, the
next most important source categories were industry, agriculture and
traffic. The main chemical constituent of PM2.5 concentrations that
comes from the country itself is calculated to be organic carbon in all
countries, which suggested that non-industrial wood burning was the dominant
national source of pollution in the Nordic countries. We have estimated the
total number of premature mortality cases due to air pollution to be around
4000 in Denmark and Sweden and around 2000 in Finland and Norway. These
premature mortality cases led to a total cost of EUR 7 billion in the
selected Nordic countries. The assessment of the related premature mortality
and associated cost estimates suggested that non-industrial combustion,
together with industry and traffic, will be the main sectors to be targeted
in emission mitigation strategies in the future.
Stratospheric impact on the Northern Hemisphere winter and spring ozone interannual variability in the troposphere
Authors: Liu Junhua , Rodriguez Jose M. , Oman Luke D. , Douglass Anne R. , Olsen Mark A. , Hu Lu
Published: October 2019

Abstract. In this study we use O3 and stratospheric O3 tracer simulations from the high-resolution Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5) Replay run (MERRA-2 GMI at 0.5° model resolution ~ 50 km) and observations from ozonesondes to investigate the interannual variation and vertical extent of the stratospheric ozone impact on tropospheric ozone. Our work focuses on the winter and spring seasons over North America and Europe. The model reproduces the observed interannual variation of tropospheric O3, except for the Pinatubo period from 1991 to 1995 over the region of North America. Ozonesonde data show a negative ozone anomaly in 1992–1994 following the Pinatubo eruption, with recovery thereafter. The simulated anomaly is only half the magnitude of that observed. Our analysis suggests that the simulated Stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) flux deduced from the analysis might be too strong over the North American (50° N–70° N) region after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in the early 1990s, masking the impact of lower stratospheric O3 concentration on tropospheric O3. European ozonesonde measurements show a similar but weaker O3 depletion after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, which is fully reproduced by the model. Analysis based on a stratospheric O3 tracer (StratO3) identifies differences in strength and vertical extent of stratospheric ozone influence on the tropospheric ozone interannual variation (IAV) between North America and Europe. Over North America, the StratO3 IAV has a significant impact on tropospheric O3 from the upper to lower troposphere and explains about 60 % and 66 % of simulated O3 IAV at 400 hPa, ~ 11 % and 34 % at 700 hPa in winter and spring respectively. Over Europe, the influence is limited to the middle to upper troposphere, and becomes much smaller at 700 hPa. The stronger and deeper stratospheric contributions in the tropospheric O3 IAV over North America shown by the model is likely related to ozonesondes' being closer to the polar vortex in winter with lower geopotential height, lower tropopause height, and stronger coupling to the Arctic Oscillation in the lower troposphere (LT) than over Europe.
Wintertime New Particle Formation and Its Contribution to Cloud Condensation Nuclei in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Yu Fangqun , Luo Gan , Nair Arshad , Schwab James J. , Sherman James P. , Zhang Yanda
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric particles can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and modify cloud properties and precipitation and thus indirectly impact the hydrological cycle and climate. New particle formation (NPF or nucleation), frequently observed at locations around the globe, is an important source of ultrafine particles and CCN in the atmosphere. In this study, wintertime NPF over the Northeastern United States (NEUS) is simulated with WRF-Chem coupled with a size-resolved (sectional) advanced particle microphysics (APM) model. Model simulated variations of particle number concentrations during a two-month period (November–December 2013) are in agreement with corresponding measurements taken at Pinnacle State Park (PSP), New York and Appalachian State University (APP), North Carolina. We show that even during wintertime, regional nucleation occurs and contributes significantly to ultrafine particle and CCN number concentrations over the NEUS. Due to low biogenic emissions during this period, wintertime regional nucleation is solely controlled by inorganic species and the newly developed ternary ion-mediated nucleation scheme is able to capture the variations of observed particle number concentrations (ranging from ~ 200–20 000 cm−3) at both PSP and APP. Total particle and CCN number concentrations dramatically increase following NPF events and have highest values over the Ohio Valley region, where elevated [SO2] is sustained by power plants. Secondary particles dominate particle number abundance over the NEUS and their fraction increases with altitude from > ~ 85 % near surface to > ~ 95 % in the upper troposphere. The secondary fraction of CCN also increases with altitude, from 20–50 % in the lower boundary layer to 50–60 % in the middle troposphere to 70–85 % in the upper troposphere. This significant contribution of wintertime nucleation to aerosols, especially those that can act as CCN, is important considering the changing paradigm of wintertime precipitation over the NEUS.
Evaluation of MOPITT Version 7 joint TIR–NIR XCO retrievals with TCCON
Authors: Hedelius Jacob K. , He Tai-Long , Jones Dylan B. A. , Baier Bianca C. , Buchholz Rebecca R. , De Mazière Martine , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Dubey Manvendra K. , Feist Dietrich G. , Griffith David W. T. , Hase Frank , Iraci Laura T. , Jeseck Pascal , Kiel Matthäus , Kivi Rigel , Liu Cheng , Morino Isamu , Notholt Justus , Oh Young-Suk , Ohyama Hirofumi , Pollard David F. , Rettinger Markus , Roche Sébastien , Roehl Coleen M. , Schneider Matthias , Shiomi Kei , Strong Kimberly , Sussmann Ralf , Sweeney Colm , Té Yao , Uchino Osamu , Velazco Voltaire A. , Wang Wei , Warneke Thorsten , Wennberg Paul O. , Worden Helen M. , Wunch Debra
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument aboard the Terra spacecraft were expected to have an accuracy of 10 % prior to the launch in 1999. Here we evaluate MOPITT Version 7 joint (V7J) thermal-infrared and near-infrared (TIR–NIR) retrieval accuracy and precision and suggest ways to further improve the accuracy of the observations. We take five steps involving filtering or bias corrections to reduce scatter and bias in the data relative to other MOPITT soundings and ground-based measurements. (1) We apply a preliminary filtering scheme in which measurements over snow and ice are removed. (2) We find a systematic pairwise bias among the four MOPITT along-track detectors (pixels) on the order of 3–4 ppb with a small temporal trend, which we remove on a global scale using a temporally trended bias correction. (3) Using a small-region approximation (SRA), a new filtering scheme is developed and applied based on additional quality indicators such as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). After applying these new filters, the root-mean-squared error computed using the local median from the SRA over 16 years of global observations decreases from 3.84 to 2.55 ppb. (4) We also use the SRA to find variability in MOPITT retrieval anomalies that relates to retrieval parameters. We apply a bias correction to one parameter from this analysis. (5) After applying the previous bias corrections and filtering, we compare the MOPITT results with the GGG2014 ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) observations to obtain an overall global bias correction. These comparisons show that MOPITT V7J is biased high by about 6 %–8 %, which is similar to past studies using independent validation datasets on V6J. When using TCCON spectrometric column retrievals without the standard airmass correction or scaling to aircraft (WMO scale), the ground- and satellite-based observations overall agree to better than 0.5 %. GEOS-Chem data assimilations are used to estimate the influence of filtering and scaling to TCCON on global CO and tend to pull concentrations away from the prior fluxes and closer to the truth. We conclude with suggestions for further improving the MOPITT data products.
High-resolution fully-coupled atmospheric–hydrological modeling: a
cross-compartment regional water and energy cycle evaluation
Authors: Fersch Benjamin , Senatore Alfonso , Adler Bianca , Arnault Joël , Mauder Matthias , Schneider Katrin , Völksch Ingo , Kunstmann Harald
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The land surface and the atmospheric boundary layer are closely intertwined with respect to the exchange of water, trace gases and energy. Nonlinear feedback and scale dependent mechanisms are obvious by observations and theories. Modeling instead is often narrowed to single compartments of the terrestrial system or largely bound to traditional disciplines. Coupled terrestrial hydrometeorological modeling systems attempt to overcome these limitations to achieve a better integration of the processes relevant for regional climate studies and local area weather prediction. This study examines the ability of the hydrologically enhanced version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-Hydro) to reproduce the regional water cycle by means of a two-way coupled approach and assesses the impact of hydrological coupling with respect to a traditional regional atmospheric model setting. It includes the observation-based calibration of the hydrological model component (offline WRF-Hydro) and a comparison of the classic WRF and the fully coupled WRF-Hydro models both with identical calibrated parameter settings for the land surface model (Noah-MP). The simulations are evaluated based on extensive observations at the preAlpine Terrestrial Environmental Observatory (TERENO-preAlpine) for the Ammer (600 km2) and Rott (55 km2) river catchments in southern Germany, covering a five month period (Jun–Oct 2016). The sensitivity of 7 land surface parameters is tested using the Latin-Hypercube One-factor-At-a-Time (LH-OAT) method and 6 sensitive parameters are subsequently optimized for 6 different subcatchments, using the Model-Independent Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis software (PEST). The calibration of the offline WRF-Hydro gives Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies between 0.56 and 0.64 and volumetric efficiencies between 0.46 and 0.81 for the six subcatchments. The comparison of classic WRF and fully coupled WRF-Hydro, both using the calibrated parameters from the offline model, shows nominal alterations for radiation and precipitation but considerable changes for moisture- and heat fluxes. By comparison with TERENO-preAlpine observations, the fully coupled model slightly outperforms the classic WRF with respect to evapotranspiration, sensible and ground heat flux, near surface mixing ratio, temperature, and boundary layer profiles of air temperature. The subcatchment-based water budgets show uniformly directed variations for evapotranspiration, infiltration excess and percolation whereas soil moisture and precipitation change randomly.
DETECTING PROBABLE ROCKFALLS IN OPEN PIT MINES BASED ON UAV POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Yousefi S. M. , Arefi H. , Bahroudi A.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Stability analysis and studying the geological features of rocks and mines have been active research topic for many years. Consequently, it is very important being prepared for probable hazards and having the ability to rescue from earth disasters, in particular in rocks and open pit mines. For this purpose, several methods have been used to measure fractures of a rock face. Among these methods are manual techniques, photogrammetric measurements, and laser scanning based techniques. With the proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), these systems have been widely used in geological projects recently. Especially in the situation that the case study is very hard to be reached. In this paper, a method is developed to detect the most probable rock fall. After doing some pre-processing, RANSAC algorithm is used to fit planes to the point cloud. Then, intersections of these planes with the point cloud are computed. After some refinements on these intersections, the probable rockfalls are obtained. Point cloud analysis have some advantages over conventional image-based methods; especially in case of probable rock falls, which might be hard to detect using the rock images. However, analyzing point cloud data usually is complicated and computationally expensive.
ESTIMATING THE FOREST STAND VOLUME AND BASAL AREA USING PLEIADES SPECTRAL AND AUXILIARY DATA
Authors: Zahriban Heasari M. , Fallah A. , Shataee S. , Kalbi S. , Persson H.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvements of volume and basal area estimations, when spectral data from the Pleiades were complemented with auxiliary data. The study area was located in the Darabkola's forest of Sari, Iran. In-situ data were collected for 144 circular sample plots, with 17.84 m radius, which were distributed using a simple random sampling design. Tree information included diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees within the sample plots, and the height of some trees. By using DBH and tree height, the volume and basal area per hectare was also computed for each plot. Geometric and radiometric corrections of spectral data were applied to the images. In addition, the auxiliary maps of slope, aspect, elevation, soil pH and texture (through ground sampling and interpolation), precipitation and temperature (through interpolation of climate stations) were prepared. Digital values corresponding to ground plots were extracted from spectral bands and auxiliary data and considered as independent variables while volume and basal area were selected as dependent variables. The forest modeling was carried out using a non-parametric method of random forest (RF), using 70% of the sample plots as training data. The results were validated using the remaining 30% sample plots. The results indicated that by using both spectral and auxiliary data, the RMSE was reduced by 5% compared to using only spectral data for volume modeling. The corresponding advantage of using both spectral and auxiliary data was 1% to 3% when basal area was modeled.
EVALUATION OF LONG TERM TREND OF DIFFERENT DROUGHT INDICES USING MANN-KENDALL AND SEN’S SLOPE ESTIMATOR OVER IRAN
Authors: Zakeri S. , Samkhaniani A. , Adeli S. , Nikraftar Z.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Historically droughts have had a huge impact on conditions of life on earth. With growing population of the Earth the impacts of droughts grow even more severe. Human beings are also affected by drought like other life forms. Studies have taken place to understand and thereby mitigate the effects of these climatological phenomena on humans. The study of drought trends is of great importance since it is directly related to food and water resources availability, that could become scarce in case of droughts. In this paper by using SPI, SSI and TSDI indices we try to understand the drought behaviour in Iran using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope methods. Canonical correlation analysis between SPI and SSI shows a positive correlation for the most parts of Iran. Also the correlation between TSDI and SPI/SSI is positive for majority of the Iran. Drought trends in Iran are analysed using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator with 95% confidence level.
Pathways to bring the costs down of floating offshore wind farms in the Atlantic Area
Authors: Cartelle-Barros Juan José , Cordal-Iglesias David , Baita-Saavedra Eugenio , Filgueira-Vizoso Almudena , Couñago-Lorenzo Bernardino , Vigara Fernando , Cortés Carlos , Cerdán Lara , Nieto Javier , Serna José , Castro-Santos Laura
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Every nations' development lies on the electricity production, since it facilitates life and development of their society (heating, lighting, etc.). Nevertheless, conventional power plants, which use fossil fuels, cause environmental impacts, such as global warming, acidification, eutrophication, among many others. In addition, these conventional resources generate a dependence of external providers, which obstructs the progress of the developing countries. Renewable energies came to solve part of these problems. In this context, wind energy is one the technologies with more expansion all over the world. Offshore locations have a better wind resource than onshore ones and their exploitation is lower. The objective of this work is to present a holistic approach to assess the feasibility of a floating offshore wind farms in a life cycle perspective. The methodology proposed analyses the Net Present Value, the Internal Rate of Return, the Payback Period and the Levelized Cost of Energy of the farm. The case study is built based on a disruptive floating spar-type platform called TELWIND®, to be implemented in the Atlantic Area region. Results indicate how important these parameters are in economic terms and shows the pathways to reduce the costs of this type of infrastructures Furthermore, the methodology proposed allows the selection of the best region where a floating offshore wind farm can be installed. Finally, this study can be useful for Governments and relevant authorities to determine the best location of a floating offshore wind farm and develop the roadmap of offshore wind in their country.
PsycBOOKS
Authors: Behrend Dawn
Published: October 2019

PsycBOOKS is a subscription e-book collection produced by the American Psychological Association (APA) containing over 4,000 titles and 48,000 chapters covering psychology and its related disciplines. In addition to its holdings of classic titles from as early as 1597 and the latest
releases from APA Books, PsycBOOKS also provides access to the APA Handbooks in Psychology Series and the Encyclopedia of Psychology. PsycBOOKS is integrated with the APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms for more exact index searching. The PsycNET interface is intuitive and comparable
to that of similar databases. The majority of the collection dates from 1597 to 1999, which indicates that while still valuable at the undergraduate level, PsycBOOKS is a notable repository for classic psychological titles and may be best suited for graduate level students and faculty. While
a valuable database for those seeking classic titles in psychology and precision of index searching, the relatively low percentage of titles published in the last five years and the limitation to publications from APA Books may decrease its appeal for institutions seeking more current content
from a variety of scholarly publishers.
Physical-chemical Evaluation and Texture Profile of Yoghurts Supplemented with Achachairu Pulp (Garcinia humilis)
Authors: Barros Sâmela Leal , Santos Newton Carlos , Almeida Renata Duarte , Ribeiro Victor Herbert de Alcântara , Alves Israel Luna , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira , Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , Luiz Márcia Ramos , Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva , Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa , Vieira Danise Medeiros de , Silva Virginia Mirtes de Alcântara , Pereira Tamires Dos Santos
Published: October 2019

Yogurt is defined as being the product obtained through the fermentation of milk, its pleasant taste and high nutritional value are the main factors responsible for the acceptance of the product in the market. The present study aims to evaluate the physicochemical and textural properties of a yoghurt supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% Acacchairu pulp. Fresh pulp and yoghurt were submitted to the following physicochemical analyzes: moisture content and total solids, pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, ratio, water activity, vitamin C and lipids. Regarding the texture profile, only yogurts were evaluated the following parameters: firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and viscosity index. Achachairu pulp presented high moisture content and water activity, as well as low percentage of lipids. Higher values were obtained regarding moisture content, water activity, acidity, lipids and vitamin C in the formulations with higher pulp percentage and for all texture attributes the formulation with 0% pulp obtained the highest values. The formulations proposed with the addition of different pulp concentrations improved the physicochemical and texture attributes of yogurt.
Germination Impact in the Nutrition and Technological Properties of Jackfruit Seeds
Authors: Leite Daniela Dantas de Farias , Queiroz Alexandre José de Melo , Figueirêdo Rossana Maria Feitosa de , Campos Ana Regina Nascimento , Santos Dyego Da Costa , Lima Thalis Leandro Bezerra de
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was the production of flour from germinated jackfruit seeds. The seeds were germinated and dried at temperatures of 55, 65 and 75 °C under air drying speed of 1.0 and 1.3 m s-1. Afterward, the seeds were grounded in order to obtain the flour and characterized for chemical, physical and technological properties. It was observed that the germination increased the moisture content, proteins, and fibers; decreased the content of lipids, reducing sugars, tannins and phenolic compounds of the seeds. After dried, the flour moisture content decreased and the proteins and reducing sugars were concentrated. The flours showed good results for solubility, water, oil absorption capacity, and emulsifying properties. The moisture adsorption isotherms of the flours were classified as Type II and the GAB model was the best fit to the experimental data.
Mary Garth’s “Beautiful Soul”: “Inner Abilities” asBildunginMiddlemarch
Authors: Kinsey-Bull Elisabeth
Published: October 2019

Female bildungsroman critics Susan Rosowski and Marianne Hirsch have described female Bildung as “awakenings to limitations” in a society that cannot allow women a physical journey to growth (67). While both critics agree that female Bildung is an inner journey within societal limitations, neither considers the emotional ability an inward journey allows its heroine. Bildungsroman studies have become a gendered discussion and, in the endeavor to be nonrevisionist, are considering the parameters of growth for women characters. I posit that George Eliot recognized and successfully depicted the complex female journey through her powerful, moral mirror character, Mary Garth. Her “inner ability,” which I believe is an essential role in the female bildungsroman genre, gives Mary Garth a silent power to manipulate society around her. This correlation has not been recognized by feminist and female bildungsroman scholars, neither is Mary Garth recognized as a Hegelian example of a beautiful soul.