bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faraday effect in polycrystalline Mn-doped InSb for LWIR applications
Authors: Sharma Rashi , Perkinson Joy C. , Peard Nolan , LeBlanc John , Patel Neil , Callahan Dennis , Wang Christine Y. , Gaume Romain , Richardson Kathleen A.
Published: June 2021

The Faraday rotation (FR) in Mn-doped InSb (Mn-InSb) depends on extremely low doping of Mn into the InSb lattice. The polycrystalline Mn-InSb was prepared by direct alloying of InSb and Mn2Sb, followed by slow cooling of the melt. X-ray diffraction confirms the incorporation of Mn into the In sites, whereas the non-uniform precipitation of MnSb micro-nanoprecipitates was observed via SEM images. The FR of Mn-InSb was measured at room temperature in the 8 to 12 µm spectral range and compared to commercially-available undoped InSb as well as Te-doped InSb (Te-InSb) references and found to be about 1.27 - 1.35 times stronger than that of Te-InSb measured under the same conditions.
Large-area, high-numerical-aperture multi-level diffractive lens via inverse design: reply
Authors: Meem Monjurul , Banerji Sourangsu , Majumder Apratim , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi , Menon Rajesh
Published: June 2021

We proposed the use of relative encircled power as a measure of
focusing efficiency [Optica 7, 252
(2020)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.388697]. The
comment [Optica 8, 1009
(2021)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.416017] has raised useful
questions, which we address briefly here and provide some
clarifications.
Water-stable CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum-dot luminous fibers fabricated by centrifugal spinning for dual white light illumination and communication
Authors: Yu Binhai , Liang Shunming , Zhang Fengyi , Li Zongtao , Liu Bin , Ding Xinrui
Published: June 2021

Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) display remarkable photoelectric performance. However, defects such as weak stability in air and water environments limit the development of lead halide PQDs in solid-state light applications. Herein, centrifugal spinning is used for the fabrication of stable luminous

CsPbBr

3

PQD nanofibers. After immersion in water for 11 months, the PQD fibers still maintained considerable photoluminescence quantum yield, showing high stability in hostile environments. The water-stability mechanism of the fibers can be explained by the changing defect density, crystal growth of PQDs, and the molecular transformation at the fiber surface. The white LED based on the

CsPbBr

3

fibers exhibits satisfying color gamut performance (128% of National Television System Committee). Due to the short photoluminescence lifetime of

CsPbBr

3

PQDs, the communication potential is also considered. The

CsPbBr

3

fibers obtained by centrifugal spinning present a bandwidth of 11.2 MHz, showing promising performance for solid-state light and visible light communication applications.
Universitäre Großgruppenveranstaltung während der Corona-Pandemie – ein Fallbeispiel
Authors: Voigt Christin , Blömer Linda , Hoppe Uwe
Published: June 2021

Das Aufkommen der Corona-Pandemie hat das öffentliche Leben weltweit beschränkt. Um die Ausbreitung des Virus einzudämmen, wurden im Frühjahr 2020 die Türen deutscher Bildungseinrichtungen geschlossen, was eine Verlagerung zahlreicher Veranstaltungen in den digitalen Raum erforderte. Um aus bisherigen Erfahrungen lernen zu können, wird in diesem Beitrag die Digitalisierung einer Großgruppenveranstaltung mit mehr als 400 Teilnehmer*innen aufgezeigt, die während der Corona-Pandemie an einer deutschen Universität umgesetzt wurde. Neben dem Vorgehen, welches Bestandteile der agilen Entwicklung und Methoden des Change Managements beinhaltet, werden quantitative und qualitative Ergebnisse der Kursevaluation vorgestellt. Die daraus abgeleiteten Erkenntnisse und Handlungsempfehlungen sollen Lehrende zukünftig bei der Entwicklung digitaler Lehrveranstaltungen unterstützen.
A549 in-silico 1.0: A first computational model to simulate cell cycle dependent ion current modulation in the human lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Langthaler Sonja , Rienmüller Theresa , Scheruebel Susanne , Pelzmann Brigitte , Shrestha Niroj , Zorn-Pauly Klaus , Schreibmayer Wolfgang , Koff Andrew , Baumgartner Christian
Published: June 2021

Lung cancer is still a leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years, knowledge has been obtained of the mechanisms modulating ion channel kinetics and thus of cell bioelectric properties, which is promising for oncological biomarkers and targets. The complex interplay of channel expression and its consequences on malignant processes, however, is still insufficiently understood. We here introduce the first approach of an in-silico whole-cell ion current model of a cancer cell, in particular of the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma, including the main functionally expressed ion channels in the plasma membrane as so far known. This hidden Markov-based model represents the electrophysiology behind proliferation of the A549 cell, describing its rhythmic oscillation of the membrane potential able to trigger the transition between cell cycle phases, and it predicts membrane potential changes over the cell cycle provoked by targeted ion channel modulation. This first A549 in-silico cell model opens up a deeper insight and understanding of possible ion channel interactions in tumor development and progression, and is a valuable tool for simulating altered ion channel function in lung cancer electrophysiology.
Environmental characteristics around the household and their association with hookworm infection in rural communities from Bahir Dar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Anegagrie Melaku , Lanfri Sofía , Aramendia Aranzazu Amor , Scavuzzo Carlos Matías , Herrador Zaida , Benito Agustín , Periago Maria Victoria
Published: June 2021

Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) are highly prevalent Neglected Tropical Disease in Ethiopia, an estimated 26 million are infected. Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies assist data mapping and analysis, and the prediction of the spatial distribution of infection in relation to environmental variables. The influence of socioeconomic, environmental and soil characteristics on hookworm infection at the individual and household level is explored in order to identify spatial patterns of infection in rural villages from Zenzelema (Amhara region). Inhabitants greater than 5 years old were recruited in order to assess the presence of STH. Socioeconomic and hookworm infection variables at the household level and environmental variables and soil characteristics using RS were obtained. The dominant STH found was hookworm. Individuals which practiced open defecation and those without electricity had a significant higher number of hookworm eggs in their stool. Additionally, adults showed statistically higher hookworm egg counts than children. Nonetheless, the probability of hookworm infection was not determined by socioeconomic conditions but by environmental characteristics surrounding the households, including a combination of vigorous vegetation and bare soil, high temperatures, and compacted soils (high bulk density) with more acidic pH, given a pH of 6.0 is optimal for hatching of hookworm eggs. The identification of high-risk environmental areas provides a useful tool for planning, targeting and monitoring of control measures, including not only children but also adults when hookworm is concerned.
Analyzing the regional economic changes in a high-tech industrial development zone using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Du ErLe , Ji Meng
Published: June 2021

The aims are to improve the efficiency in analyzing the regional economic changes in China’s high-tech industrial development zones (IDZs), ensure the industrial structural integrity, and comprehensively understand the roles of capital, technology, and talents in regional economic structural changes. According to previous works, the economic efficiency and impact mechanism of China’s high-tech IDZ are analyzed profoundly. The machine learning (ML)-based Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index measurement algorithms are adopted to analyze the dynamic and static characteristics of high-tech IDZ’s economic data from 2009 to 2019. Furthermore, a high-tech IDZ economic efficiency influencing factor model is built. Based on the detailed data of a high-tech IDZ, the regional economic changes are analyzed from the following dimensions: economic environment, economic structure, number of talents, capital investment, and high-tech IDZ’s regional scale, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model further. Results demonstrate that the comprehensive economic efficiency of all national high-tech IDZs in China is relatively high. However, there are huge differences among different regions. The economic efficiency of the eastern region is significantly lower than the national average. The economic structure, number of talents, capital investment, and economic efficiency of the high-tech IDZs show a significant positive correlation. The economic changes in high-tech IDZs can be improved through the secondary industry, employee value, and funding input. The ML technology applied can make data processing more efficient, providing proper suggestions for developing China’s high-tech industrial parks.
The prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B and C virus in hemodialysis patients in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adane Tiruneh , Getawa Solomon
Published: June 2021

Background

Due to its invasive procedure patients on hemodialysis (HD) are at high risk of infections. Infections acquired in dialysis units can prolong hospitalization date and/or prolong illness in patients, and increase treatment cost. There are no adequate data on the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in HD patients. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV infections among HD patients in Africa.

Method

The databases PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, web of science, African Journals Online, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies. The review was performed based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were extracted independently by two authors and analyzed using STATA 11. A random-effect model was fitted to estimate the pooled prevalence with their 95% confidence interval. To detect publication bias funnel plots analysis and Egger weighted regression tests were done.

Results

The overall pooled prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among HD patients in Africa was 9.88% (95% CI: 7.20–12.56) I2 = 97.9% and 23.04% (95% CI: 18.51–2757) I2 = 99.6%, respectively. In addition, the pooled prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection was 7.18% (95% CI: 3.15–11.20) I2 = 99.6%. Duration of dialysis was found to be the contributing factor for the occurrence of HBV and HCV among HD patients (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.01).

Conclusion

This study showed that there is high prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in HD patients in Africa. Therefore, strict adherence to precautions of infection control measures, isolation of seropositive patients, improvement in infrastructures, adequate screening of HBV and HCV for the donated blood, and decentralized HD services is needed to minimize the risk of HBV and HCV infections in HD facilities.
Optimized algorithm for multipoint geostatistical facies modeling based on a deep feedforward neural network
Authors: Yao Jianpeng , Liu Wenling , Liu Qingbin , Liu Yuyang , Chen Xiaodong , Pan Mao
Published: June 2021

Reservoir facies modeling is an important way to express the sedimentary characteristics of the target area. Conventional deterministic modeling, target-based stochastic simulation, and two-point geostatistical stochastic modeling methods are difficult to characterize the complex sedimentary microfacies structure. Multi-point geostatistics (MPG) method can learn a priori geological model and can realize multi-point correlation simulation in space, while deep neural network can express nonlinear relationship well. This article comprehensively utilizes the advantages of the two to try to optimize the multi-point geostatistical reservoir facies modeling algorithm based on the Deep Forward Neural Network (DFNN). Through the optimization design of the multi-grid training data organization form and repeated simulation of grid nodes, the simulation results of diverse modeling algorithm parameters, data conditions and deposition types of sedimentary microfacies models were compared. The results show that by optimizing the organization of multi-grid training data and repeated simulation of nodes, it is easier to obtain a random simulation close to the real target, and the simulation of sedimentary microfacies of different scales and different sedimentary types can be performed.
Occupational profiling driven by online job advertisements: Taking the data analysis and processing engineering technicians as an example
Authors: Cao Lina , Zhang Jian , Ge Xinquan , Chen Jindong
Published: June 2021

The occupational profiling system driven by the traditional survey method has some shortcomings such as lag in updating, time consumption and laborious revision. It is necessary to refine and improve the traditional occupational portrait system through dynamic occupational information. Under the circumstances of big data, this paper showed the feasibility of vocational portraits driven by job advertisements with data analysis and processing engineering technicians (DAPET) as an example. First, according to the description of occupation in the Chinese Occupation Classification Grand Dictionary, a text similarity algorithm was used to preliminarily choose recruitment data with high similarity. Second, Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classification (TextCNN) was used to further classify the preliminary corpus to obtain a precise occupational dataset. Third, the specialty and skill were taken as named entities that were automatically extracted by the named entity recognition technology. Finally, putting the extracted entities into the occupational dataset, the occupation characteristics of multiple dimensions were depicted to form a profile of the vocation.
COVID-19 related stigma and health-protective behaviours among adolescents in the Netherlands: An explorative study
Authors: Preusting L. C. , Raadsen M. P. , Abourashed A. , Voeten H. A. C. M. , Wagener M. N. , de Wit E. , van Gorp E. C. M. , Doornekamp L.
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many governments to impose social distancing measures upon its citizens, including in the Netherlands. Motivating adolescents to adhere to measures such as social distancing can be challenging, since adolescents are relatively more affected by them, while experiencing virtually no personal health benefit. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic seems to impact the social environment of adolescents in schools, as some media sources have reported bullying and stigmatisation of students with an Asian appearance. This study aims to explore the experiences of adolescents regarding their Health-Protective Behaviour (HPB), as well as the prevalence and expression of stigma towards ethnic minorities within the context of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a cross-sectional mixed-methods study, including two independent online questionnaires. An adapted version of the “HPB” questionnaire (n = 528) and the “Measure of Disease-Related Stigma (MDRS)” questionnaire (n = 380), were administered to Dutch adolescents of 10–16 years old, attending primary or secondary school. Furthermore, 15 interviews were held with eight male and seven female adolescents. All data collection took place between March 17 and April 20, 2020. Results show that adolescents perceive COVID-19 as a threat to other peoples’ health, rather than their own, and report adherence to public health measures in the interest of older and more vulnerable members of their community. We found no convincing evidence for widespread misinformation or stigmatising of certain ethnic groups among adolescents related to COVID-19 during this study. Participants acknowledged such behaviour happened in the early stages of the pandemic, before this study was initiated. Adolescents are a vital group for public health researchers to engage with during a pandemic, even when reaching them can be challenging.
Assessment of caregivers’ perspectives regarding speech-language services in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19
Authors: Al Awaji Nisreen Naser , Almudaiheem Alanoud A. , Mortada Eman M.
Published: June 2021

Background

As a consequence of stay-at-home and other lockdown measures, such as social distancing, all health care service provisions during the COVID-19 pandemic have been affected, including the provision of speech therapy. Telehealth services can play a major role in maintaining access to health care, help speech and language pathologists (SLPs) overcome physical barriers by providing patients and caregivers with access to health care, and limit the discontinuity of patient care. To have a better understanding of the changes that have occurred in these services during COVID-19, this research was conducted to explore the nature and current situation of speech-language services in Saudi Arabia based on caregivers’ perspectives. It also investigated whether changes have occurred in these services during the COVID-19 lockdown. The study also determined the perception of caregivers in delivering SLS sessions remotely.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 385 caregivers in Saudi Arabia. An online survey asked whether children were experiencing any SLS problems and if they had received any intervention. The survey also assessed the perception of changes in service during the COVID-19 lockdown and the perceptions, acceptance, and willingness of the caregivers to deliver telehealth speech services in Saudi Arabia.

Results

About 50% of the respondents had or were suspected to have a child with SLS problems, and just over half of them had accessed SLS services. Most of the respondents reported suspension of therapy sessions as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. While the respondents had little experience using telehealth prior to the pandemic, they generally showed a willingness to use telehealth in therapy sessions, expressing a preference for video calls over other options.

Conclusion

The study revealed that SLS services in Saudi Arabia are limited and that accessing these services is challenging. Alternative service delivery using remote services could help caregivers overcome such challenges. When telehealth was introduced as an option for service delivery, the caregivers showed welcoming responses, particularly with video calls.
Sexual dimorphism of the mandibular conformational changes in aging human adults: A multislice computed tomographic study by geometric morphometrics
Authors: Costa Mendes Leonor , Delrieu Julien , Gillet Claudia , Telmon Norbert , Maret Delphine , Savall Frédéric
Published: June 2021

The aging process has an impact on mandibular bone morphology and can therefore affect shape sexual dimorphism. Understanding the effect of senescence on mandibular shape changes is particularly important to correctly estimate the sex of an individual and predict age-related conformational modifications. The purpose of this study was to assess age-related changes in mandibular shape and sexual dimorphism. The study sample comprised 160 Multi Slice Computed Tomography examinations of individuals aged 40 to 79 years. Geometric morphometric analysis of fourteen osteometric landmarks was used to examine sexual dimorphism and patterns of mandibular shape variation with age. Results showed that mandibular sexual dimorphism of shape remained significant with aging. Conformational changes occurred between 50 and 70 years and were different for male and female individuals. Females presented earlier and more marked age-related shape changes than males. These observations suggest that mandibular senescence is a sexually dimorphic process since its onset, rate, and the areas subjected to conformational changes differ from male to female individuals. Senescence-related changes present substantial variability, and further investigation is required to determine precisely the age that marks their onset.
Development of a social contact self-efficacy scale for ‘third agers’ in Japan
Authors: Oki Moemi , Tadaka Etsuko
Published: June 2021

Background

“Third agers” are people over retirement age in relatively good health; third agers make up an increasing percentage of the global population as the world’s longevity increases. Therefore, the challenge of prolonging a healthy third age and shortening the unhealthy period during the “fourth age” in the global health and social contexts is important in this process. However, no means to measure and support this has been developed as yet. We developed the Social Contact Self-Efficacy Scale for Third Agers (SET) and evaluated its reliability and validity.

Methods

We used a self-administered mail survey covering 2,600 randomly selected independent older adults living in Yokohama, Japan. The construct validity of the SET was determined using exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses. Its criterion-related validity was assessed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence (JST-IC), and subjective health status.

Results

In total, 1,139 older adults provided responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified eight items within two factors: social space mobility and social support relationship. The final model had a Cronbach’s alpha 0.834, goodness-of-fit index 0.976, adjusted goodness-of-fit index 0.955, comparative fit index 0.982, and root mean square error of approximation 0.050. There was good correlation between scale scores and the GSES (r = 0.552, p < 0.001), JST-IC (r = 0.495, p < 0.001) and subjective health status (r = 0.361, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The SET showed sufficient reliability and validity to assess self-efficacy in promoting social contact among third agers. This scale may help third agers in gaining and expanding opportunities for social contact, which can improve their physical health and quality of life and contribute to care prevention and healthy longevity.
Gender reveal parties and the construction of the prenatal gendered environment
Authors: Toles-Patkin Terri
Published: June 2021

Expecting parents are often eager to learn the sex of their baby. Gender-reveal parties offer a community or family celebration of that information, often complete with clichéd pink or blue colour coding. Common practices include party games, competitions between Team Boy and Team Girl, and the colourful surprise reveal via confetti, smoke, balloons or food. Not only is the term ‘gender-reveal’ inaccurate (at best sonograms reveal biological sex), the practice privileges stereotypical gender binaries and legitimates pre-birth personhood under the guise of merriment, appropriating the unborn body as a contested discursive site. The gender-reveal party enhances reliance on medical technology and consumerism, retrieves traditional superstitions about pregnancy, obsolesces privacy and reverses into the commodification of both mother and child. Gender-reveals do not necessarily celebrate the pregnancy or the mother. The gender-reveal party functions to reinforce traditional cisgender binaries and constructs gendered expectations for the child even before birth.
Morphological characteristics of Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida guilliermondii, and Candida glabrata biofilms, and response to farnesol
Authors: Sachivkina Nadezhda , Podoprigora Irina , Bokov Dmitry
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim: Different Candida species isolated in humans and animals have different types of parasite activity. The most pathogenic species is Candida albicans followed by Candida tropicalis. However, the effects of the morphology of Candida krusei, Candida guilliermondii, and Candida glabrata biofilms on the pathogenicity of these species have not been fully characterized. To the best of our knowledge, there is no literature on the effect of farnesol on rare Candida species. This study aimed to check the effect of different farnesol concentrations on the species C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, and C. glabrata compared with the strain C. albicans ATCC 10231, which has been widely studied, and is a strong producer of biofilms.

Materials and Methods: We studied the morphological and densitometric parameters of biofilms produced by Candida species under the influence of the drug farnesol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). We used a heart brain broth with the addition of 2% bovine blood serum in 96-well plates. To each well, we added 100 μL of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, or C. glabrata culture, and 0.2-400 μM farnesol. The microliter plates were cultured with the lid closed at 37°C for 48 h. Then, the liquid was removed, and the wells were washed 3 times with 200 μL phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.3). Biofilm fixation was performed using 150 μL of 96% ethanol for 15 min. Then, the microliter plates were dried for 20 min at 37°C, a 0.5% solution of crystalline violet was added, and the plates were placed in an incubator at 37°C. After 5 min, the contents of the wells were removed, washed 3 times with 200 μL of phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2), and dried. The dye was extracted by washing with 200 μL of 96% ethanol for 30 min. The results were obtained using a photometric analyzer of enzyme immunoassay reactions at an optical density (OD) wavelength of 450 nm.

Results: All of Candida spp. strains tested were susceptible to farnesol at concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 400 μM for C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. guilliermondii, and 12.5 to 400 μM for C. glabrata.

Conclusion: This study provides new insights into the use of farnesol against biofilms produced by Candida species, but further studies in vivo are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the reduction of OD. To the best of our knowledge, the antimicrobial activity of farnesol against C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, and C. glabrata has not been reported previously, although studies have confirmed the inhibitory effect of farnesol on the growth of different microorganisms.
Assessment of quality and safety of meats from various animal species in the Shuchinsk-Burabay resort zone, Kazakhstan
Authors: Maikanov B. S. , Ismagulova G. T. , Auteleyeva L. T. , Kemeshov Zh. O. , Zhanabayeva D. K.
Published: June 2021

Aim: This study aimed to determine the food safety and protein adequacy of meats from various animals in the Shuchinsk- Burabay resort zone. Materials and Methods: Samples of meat were collected from markets "Zhomart" and "Kausar." Two hundred and ninety-eight samples of meat were obtained: beef - 166, horse - 42, pork - 67, mutton - 8, and poultry - 15. From each carcass, part of the carcass, point samples were taken to form an average sample and conduct research. Analyses used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography. The determination of amino acid composition was carried out following the chromatographic method for determining the amino acid composition of meat proteins. Results: The quality of meats from the resort zone was lower than recommended due to the reduced content of essential amino acids, including valine, lysine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. Concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides did not exceed maximum permissible limits, and trace concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead were detected in all meat samples, except beef. The latter meat showed increased concentrations of mercury. Conclusion: In terms of quality indicators, all types of meat met standards; however, pork protein displayed the most favorable amino acid composition, both for content of essential amino acids and the ratio of amounts of essential to non-essential amino acids. For content of heavy metals, poultry and pork meats were safest.
German institutional hegemony in EU sustainability policies
Authors: Baranyi Márton
Published: June 2021

German hegemony is a research topic subject to significant academic attention, especially within the studies linked to European integration. The existence of German hegemony within the EU is disputed, but several studies and models demonstrate that German hegemony within the European Union is significant but at the same time not desired (therefore the designation of Germany as a reluctant or benevolent hegemon). Is this true for the EU policies linked to sustainability as well, i.e. can institutional German hegemony be identified in the related policy fields? The study aims at assessing German institutional power linked to sustainability in the European Union (narrowing down policies linked to sustainability to EU energy and climate policy). It concludes that, based on a novel power ranking model assessing Member States’ influence in the various EU institutions, German institutional power is not significant in the fields of EU energy and climate policy.
Estéticas do Abandono
Authors: Gervilla Lucas
Published: June 2021

Estéticas do Abandono é um ensaio criado pelo próprio autor. As imagens, feitas entre março e dezembro de 2020, mostram três lugares abandonados: a Usina Hidroelétrica Dr. Geraldo Tosta, em Bragança Paulista; a fábrica de panelas Trofa L, em Campo Limpo Paulista e o campo de bocha do Parque da Aclimação, em São Paulo, capital.
The Text of theABC of Aristotlein the ‘Winchester Anthology’
Authors: Cornelius Ian
Published: June 2021

The Middle EnglishABC of Aristotleis an alliterative abecedary poem that survives in fifteen manuscript copies dating between the mid-fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. The most eccentric copy, bearing the greatest number of unique textual variants, is in London, British Library, Additional 60577, a commonplace book and miscellany of verse and prose known today as the ‘Winchester Anthology’. The Winchester copy of theABC of Aristotleis distinguished from all others by changes to vocabulary, idiom, and prosody. The result is a unique redaction, illustrating the kind of literary composition that could be expected to grow out of late medieval English grammar schools. The Winchester redaction also expresses a shift in prosodic allegiance. The traditional alliterative line is subtly reshaped into an accentual-syllabic form.
‘Problematic stuff’: death, memory and the interpretation of cached objects
Authors: Büster Lindsey
Published: June 2021

Deliberately deposited (or cached) objects are ubiquitous in the archaeological record, yet they are often classified under different categories, such as hoards, structured deposits, grave goods and cenotaph burials, and interpreted according to different criteria. Drawing on contemporary attitudes to death, dying and bereavement, and using later prehistoric Britain as a case study, this article brings the analysis of these objects together within a single interpretive framework, which asserts that much of this material represents the ‘problematic stuff’ left behind by the dead. This approach forces us to reconsider the traditional boundaries drawn between different aspects of the archaeological record and demonstrates the value that emotion has in our interpretations of past societies.
Prediction of thyroid nodule histopathology by expert ultrasound evaluation
Authors: Håskjold Olav Inge , Foshaug Henrik Stenestø , Iversen Therese Benedikte , Kjøren Helga Charlotte , Brun Vegard Heimly
Published: June 2021

Objective

The basis of thyroid nodule diagnostics is ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy with cytological evaluation (FNC) if ultrasound appearance is not clearly benign. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive potential of dedicated, expert high-resolution ultrasound, to see if histopathological entities of thyroid nodules can be diagnosed without invasive FNC biopsies.

Design

Prospective case-cohort study.

Methods

187 patients with 221 thyroid nodules were examined with ultrasound and prospectively assigned to the expected histopathological diagnosis: colloid nodule, adenomatoid colloid nodule, follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, or other thyroid cancer. In 101 of these, we later obtained histopathological reports for comparison.

Results

Overall accuracy for classification into discrete histopathological categories by expert ultrasound was 71.3% and Cohen’s Kappa was 0.62. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting malignancy were 97.3% and 78.1%. The diagnostic accuracy for malignancy was 85.1%. ACR-TIRADS scores for the same nodules had a sensitivity of 97.3%, specificity of 26.6%, and accuracy of 52.5%.

Conclusion

Dedicated expert high-resolution ultrasound without FNC can reliably distinguish benign vs malignant nodules, but also differentiate between several histopathological entities in thyroid nodules. There is potential for a reduction in the number of invasive FNC biopsies and diagnostic operations.
«poesía matemática» de Edgardo Antonio Vigo: el poema como «intención» y «posibilidad» estética
Authors: Rosado Marrero Juan Rogelio
Published: June 2021

Ya desde sus primeras publicaciones en la revista Diagonal Cero (1962-1969), Edgardo Antonio Vigo (1928-1997) va construyendo una obra poética que se contrapone a la visión hegemónica impuesta por las instituciones literarias. Un claro ejemplo de ello son los denominados «poemas matemáticos»; un grupo de composiciones visuales que emplean diversas formas, palabras, números y colores. Por consiguiente, este artículo analiza la manera en la cual Vigo cuestiona, por medio de sus propuestas estéticas radicales, tanto el concepto mismo de poema como los procesos de lectura e interpretación literaria. Esto con el objetivo de constituir una nueva forma de ver y entender el quehacer poético.
Development of hull-less barley with ultra-low gluten content via target genes combination. I. Isolation of triple mutants and black grained genotypes
Authors: Rybalka O. , Katrii V. , Polishchuk S. , Morgun B.
Published: June 2021

Aim. The purpose of the research, presented in this paper, is to develop (as the first one in Ukraine) hull-less barley
breeding material with ultra-low gluten, combining three hordein-deficient mutations, derived from Risø56, Risø1508,
and R118, with black grain color as an indication of bioactive pigments content, enhancing the functional status of
grain as a food product. Methods. We used electrophoretic analysis of proteins in polyacrylamide gel, DNA isolation
by the CTAB method, polymerase chain reaction with DNA-markers, restriction analysis and electrophoretic separa
tion of DNA in agarose gel. Results. The article presents the results of the first stage of combining target hordeindefi cient mutations by binary crosses. The F2/3 and F3/4 populations were derived from binary crosses of Risø56 ×
Risø1508 (reciprocal Risø1508 × Risø56) and R118 × hull-less barley Achilles. The new PCR protocol was optimized.
Markers B1hor, 3a5F and Dhor-m were selected to identify mutations in B, C and D hordeins. Conclusions. Several
barley genotypes with one or two target hordein-deficient mutations and black grain color were isolated. The genotypes obtained will be used in a further backcrosses program, aimed at developing of a black hull-less barley variety
with ultra-low gluten content.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION IN THE SYSTEM OF WIRELESS CHARGING OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE'S BATTERY
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Podoltsev O.D. , Pavlov V.B. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Zapadynchuk O.P. ,   Sektion of applied problems National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vоlоdymyrska St., 54, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

Theoretical researches of efficiency of electric energy transfer in the wireless charger of inductive type with serial resonance in circles of transmitting and receiving coils are carried out. It is shown that this efficiency depends on the parameter (the product of the magnetic coupling coefficient and the Q- factor of the coils) and the ratio of the active resistances of the battery and the coil. It is shown that there is an optimal value of this ratio, at which the efficiency of the device is maximum (when ) and its value increases monotonically with increasing parameter . Moreover, to achieve an efficiency greater than 0.8, it is necessary to have a system of coils with a value of 10. The graphical dependences that determine the value of this efficiency as a function of these two parameters and set the allowable interval for changing the resistance ratio in terms of high energy efficiency. Numerical calculation of the high-frequency magnetic field (with an operating frequency of 100 kHz) generated by the coils was performed, in two cases - in the absence of shielding and in the presence of aluminum electromagnetic screens and showed high efficiency of such screens. The peculiarity of the calculation is that to determine the values of complex currents in both coils, which depend on the mode of operation of the whole device, use their preliminary calculation based on the created Simulink-model of the device. References 14, figures 5, table 2.
Improving Isotonic Maintenance Intravenous Fluid Use in the Emergency Department
Authors: Akinsola Bolanle , Cheng John , Iyer Srikant B. , Jain Shabnam
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Maintenance intravenous fluids (IVFs) are commonly used in the hospital setting. Hypotonic IVFs are commonly used in pediatrics despite concerns about high incidence of hyponatremia. We aimed to increase isotonic maintenance IVF use in children admitted from the emergency department (ED) from a baseline of 20% in 2018 to >80% by December 2019.

METHODS

We included patients aged 28 days to 18 years receiving maintenance IVFs (rate >10 mL/hour) at the time of admission. Patients with active chronic medical problems were excluded. Interventions included institutional discussions on isotonic IVF based on literature review, education on isotonic IVF use per the American Academy of Pediatrics guideline (isotonic IVF use with appropriate potassium chloride and dextrose), electronic medical record changes to encourage isotonic IVF use, and group practice review with individual physician audit and feedback. Balancing measures were the frequency of serum electrolyte checks within 24 hours of ED admission and occurrence of hypernatremia. Data were analyzed by using statistical process control charts.

RESULTS

Isotonic maintenance IVF use improved, with special cause observed twice; the 80% goal was met and sustained. No difference was noted in serum electrolyte checks within 24 hours of admission (P > .05). There was no increase in occurrence of hypernatremia among patients who received isotonic IVF compared with those who received hypotonic IVF (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS

The application of improvement methods resulted in improved isotonic IVF use in ED patients admitted to the inpatient setting. Institutional readiness for change at the time of the American Academy of Pediatrics guideline release and hardwiring of preferred fluids via electronic medical record changes were critical to success.
First Time Wheezing in a 2-Year-Old
Authors: Viehl Luke , Estabrook Michele , Bhalla Sanjeev , Lee Chung , Kemp James , White Andrew
Published: June 2021

Pediatric patients with respiratory signs and symptoms who are found to be wheezing present a diagnostic dilemma to pediatricians. The majority of these cases are diagnosed as some degree of reactive airway disease, either as viral bronchiolitis or asthma. In this scenario, a patient with wheezing was initially given 2 courses of appropriate antibiotics on the basis of the duration and concurrence of other symptoms. However, he was subsequently referred to a pediatric pulmonologist for further workup after failure to improve and persistent oxygen saturations in the low-to-mid 90s. More extensive testing was completed by the pediatric pulmonologist, in addition to a short hospital admission. A rigid bronchoscopy was eventually completed, which revealed small pieces of partially digested material. Although his persistent cough resolved, his saturations continued to be suboptimal. A chest computed tomography scan with contrast was then completed, which eventually led to his diagnosis and appropriate treatment and resolution of his symptoms.
Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Neutralizing Antibody Titers
Authors: Bonfante Francesco , Costenaro Paola , Cantarutti Anna , Di Chiara Costanza , Bortolami Alessio , Petrara Maria Raffaella , Carmona Francesco , Pagliari Matteo , Cosma Chiara , Cozzani Sandra , Mazzetto Eva , Di Salvo Giovanni , Da Dalt Liviana , Palma Paolo , Barzon Luisa , Corrao Giovanni , Terregino Calogero , Padoan Andrea , Plebani Mario , De Rossi Anita , Donà Daniele , Giaquinto Carlo
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Recent evidence suggests that neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may persist over time; however, knowledge regarding pediatric subjects is limited.

METHODS

A single-center, prospective observational study was conducted on 57 family clusters of coronavirus disease 2019, including children of neonatal and pediatric age attending the University Hospital of Padua (Italy). For each patient, blood samples were collected for both the quantification of nAbs through a plaque reduction neutralizing test and the detection of antinucleocapsid-spike protein immunoglobulin G and/or immunoglobulin M.

RESULTS

We analyzed 283 blood samples collected from 152 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 cases (82 parents and 70 children or older siblings of median age of 8 years, interquartile range: 4–13), presenting asymptomatic or with mildly symptomatic disease. Despite the decrease of immunoglobulin G over time, nAbs were found to persist up to 7 to 8 months in children, whereas adults recorded a modest declining trend. Interestingly, children aged <6 years, and, in particular, those aged <3 years, developed higher long-lasting levels of nAbs compared with older siblings and/or adults.

CONCLUSIONS

Mild and asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in family clusters elicited higher nAbs among children.
Design and Learning in Higher Education: A Perspective from Finland
Authors: Leinonen Teemu
Published: June 2021

Meaningful design and valuable learning are processes with many similarities. In both, change is central. Design attempts to change the world around us. Learning changes us. In the article I explore the role and purpose of a university as community tackling humanity’s greatest challenges. I claim that the task requires design thinking. Approaching the world with design thinking should not be left for designer and engineers only. It should be central throughout the entire university. If taken seriously this means that we will rethink and redesign our ways of teaching and learning. If we aim to educate change makers, learning in a university should be knowledge building. I conclude by emphasis how in a university we should pay a lot of attention to have processes, practice and social structure that encourage innovation and creation of new knowledge.
Processo experimental de efeitos gráficos visuais
Authors: Liu Eunice , Gomes Liu Fábio Yam
Published: June 2021

Processo experimental de projeto de design gráfico na geração e uso de efeitos gráficos visuais como linguagem de narrativa visual, representando, expressando e comunicando significados e conceitos abstratos. O percurso experimental permite realizar novas associações ou reinterpretar o existente e o uso de efeitos gráficos propõem interatividade com o leitor e enriquecimento de leitura e estímulo sensorial em narrativas visuais.
Compuestos antioxidantes en papa diploide: Efecto de la aplicación foliar de magnesio y manganeso
Authors: López-Rodríguez María Margarita , Ñústez-López Carlos Eduardo
Published: June 2021

La papa es una buena fuente de compuestos con alta actividad antioxidante como los ácidos fenólicos, las antocianinas y los carotenoides, cuyos contenidos se pueden ver afectados por prácticas agronómicas como la fertilización. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de la fertilización foliar con magnesio y manganeso sobre el contenido de compuestos fenólicos, antocianinas y carotenoides, y la actividad antioxidante en tubérculos cocidos de cuatro cultivares de papa del Grupo Phureja. Se determinó la actividad antioxidante y el contenido de fenolestotales, antocianinas totales, ácidos fenólicos y carotenoides. El cultivar Violeta presentó los mayores contenidos de fenoles totales y la mayor actividad antioxidante. Se observó un efecto significativo de la fertilización con magnesio, que aumentó el contenido de fenoles totales en el cultivar Criolla Colombia y lo redujo en los cultivares Violeta y Milagros. Estos resultados sugieren alta influencia del genotipo sobre la respuesta de las variables evaluadas. Como consecuencia, el cultivar Violeta es recomendado para el estudio de actividad antioxidante in vivo, teniendo en cuenta que mostró los mayores valores, comparado con los demás cultivares.
Resource-use efficiency in maize production: the case of smallholder farmers in Ghana
Authors: Danquah Frank Osei , Ge He , Frempong Lady Nadia , Korankye Bright Asiamah
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency with which smallholder maize farmers use their input resources such as land, labor, capital, fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and improved seed in maize production. The study used the multi-stage sampling technique to collect cross-sectional data from 600 smallholder maize producers from the northern, Brong-Ahafo, eastern, and central regions of Ghana. This study employed the marginal value product (MVP) to marginal factor cost (MFC) ratio (MVP/MFC) of the input resources. The results revealed an increased return to scale, meaning smallholder maize farmers in the pooled sample and the studied regions should enlarge their production scale by about 3.2%, 2.2%, 7.6%, 6.8%, and 2.8%, respectively, to maximize productivity. The results also revealed that resource inputs like fertilizer, herbicides, pesticides, improved seed, and land were underutilized. Therefore, these resources need to be increased if smallholder maize farmers in the pooled sample want to be efficient in their production. Labor and capital were over-utilized and needed to be reduced to increase efficiency in the farmers' maize production.
Impact of biochar use on agricultural production and climate change. A review
Authors: Moreno-Riascos Sandra , Ghneim-Herrera Thaura
Published: June 2021

Biochar is a solid material obtained from the thermal decomposition of biomass of diverse biological origins through a process called pyrolysis. Biochar has great potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, sequester carbon in the soil, rehabilitate degraded soils, and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers in crops. It also improves the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and has a positive effect on plant growth. Given these attributes, there is a growing interest for adopting its use in agriculture, soil and land reclamation, and climate change mitigation. The effects of biochar application can be neutral or positive and will be determined mainly by factors such as the origin of the raw materials, carbonization conditions, frequency of applications, the method of application and dosage. In this review, we offer a detailed examination of the origins of biochar and the technologies used for its production. We examine the various materials that have been used to produce biochars and how they affect their physico-chemical characteristics, and we describe their applications in agriculture and climate change mitigation. Finally, we list the guides that describe the standards for the production, characterization, and commercialization of biochar that seek to guarantee the quality of the product and the essential characteristics for its safe use.