bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free Radical Production in CA1 Neurons Induces MIP-1α Expression, Microglia Recruitment, and Delayed Neuronal Death after Transient Forebrain Ischemia
Authors: Wang Hyo Kyun , Park Ui Jin , Kim Soo Yoon , Lee Jin Hwan , Kim Seung U. , Gwag Byoung Joo , Lee Yong Beom
Published: February 2008

Several studies report microglial accumulation and activation in the CA1 area in response to transient forebrain ischemia (TFI). Here we examine the possibility that free radicals and chemokines mediate the transient activation of microglia. Free radicals are produced primarily in CA1 pyramidal neurons within 2 h of TFI. Administration of trolox, a vitamin E analog, led to the inhibition of free radical production and recruitment of microglia in the CA1 area. In addition, intrahippocampal injection of Fe2+triggered free radical production in CA1 neurons, followed by the recruitment and activation of microglial cells into this area. TFI-induced expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) was increased in CA1 neurons before microglial recruitment, and blocked by trolox. Moreover, the MIP-1α level was upregulated in cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to Fe2+, suggesting an essential role of free radicals in TFI-induced expression of MIP-1α. Intracerebroventricular injection of vMIP-2 (viral macrophage inflammatory protein-2), a broad-spectrum peptide antagonist of chemokine receptors, attenuated microglial recruitment and delayed CA1 neuronal degeneration after TFI. Our data suggest that free radicals produced in CA1 neurons contribute to the recruitment and activation of microglia and neurodegeneration through MIP-1α expression.
Risk of Lung Cancer among Japanese Coal Miners on Hazard Risk and Interaction between Smoking and Coal Mining
Authors: Miyazaki Motonobu , Une Hiroshi
Published: February 2008

Risk of Lung Cancer among Japanese Coal Miners on Hazard Risk and Interaction between Smoking and Coal Mining: Motonobu Miyazaki, et al. Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University—This article examines whether an association is found between lung cancer and coal mining and also whether a correlation is found between smoking and coal mining that relates to the risk of lung cancer in Japanese coal miners. A cohort study was performed in former coal mine areas. The survey was carried out between 1987 and 1989, and was extended in a follow‐up period to 1995. 5,818 Japanese males (1,796 coal miners and 4,022 non‐coal miners) aged from 40 to 69 yr responded to a mail questionnaire that included occupational history and smoking habits. The data were analysed with Cox's proportional hazards model. Significant differences in hazard ratios for lung cancer were recognized in coal miners with >15yr of work (Hazard ratio=2.08, 95% Cl: 1.01‐4.27) and current smokers with >20 cigarettes/day (Hazard ratio=5.41, 95% Cl: 1.26‐23.28). As regards the interaction of coal mining and smoking, the hazard ratios were 2.04 (95% Cl: 0.13‐32.83) for coal miners who had never smoked, 4.71 (95% Cl: 0.62‐35.56) for non‐coal miners who were ex‐smokers or current smokers, and 6.88 (95% Cl: 0.92‐51.65) for coal miners who were ex‐smokers or current smokers compared with non‐coal miners who had never smoked. The interaction of coal mining and smoking for the risk of lung cancer was likely to be additive rather than synergistic.
Study of the Factors Determining the Consciousness of Limited Research Abilities of Enterprise Researchers Due to Aging
Authors: Nishimura Junichi , Suzuki Shosuke
Published: February 2008

Study of the Factors Determining the Consciousness of Limited Research Abilities of Enterprise Researchers Due to Aging: Junichi Nishimura, et al. Department of Psychology and Education, Tokyo Kasei University—In this study, a functional relation between age and ability of enterprise researchers was forecasted as a means of discussing their age‐related consciousness focusing on the five aspects of professional, technical, management, informative, and physiological abilities. Monotonous increase, stationary‐Hncrease, increase^stationary, increase ►decrease, monotonous decrease, and other appearance patterns were compared for each ability type. At the same time, the similarity of these patterns was analyzed by principal component analysis to extract the general characteristics of the influence of age consciousness on abilities, and to discuss how these general characteristics were related to the personality of researchers, and to denote thoughts about the influence of aging on their research abilities and self‐efficacy. The survey was performed on 83 Japanese pharmaceutical companies. 3,450 questionnaires in total were delivered to the R & D department of each company according to corporate size. The number of respondents was 1,067 persons, recovered from 37 companies (recovery rate: 30.6%). From the results, the following points were identified. First, although Japanese enterprise researchers have been said to have a strong awareness of their limited abilities due to aging, this was not necessarily true; there were, however, differences seen within the different ability types. Second, we noted the two salient factors of growth vs. degradation and of determining the rapidity of growth, and each of these was intricately related to the respondents' way of thinking about the influence of aging on their research abilities and self efficacy. Third, as age increased, respondents tended to have a stronger consciousness of limited abilities due to aging and their career path (i.e., as researchers). Fourth, superior researchers who had already moved or were most probably going to move to research management functions tended to feel that their research lives were so much shorter.
Effects of Lead Exposure in Printing Houses on Immune and Neurobehavioral Functions of Women
Authors: Qiao Niu , Gioacchino Mario Di , Shuchang He , Youxin Liang , Paganelli Roberto , Boscolo Paolo
Published: February 2008

Effects of Lead Exposure in Printing Houses on Immune and Neurobehavioral Functions of Women: Niu Qiao, et al. Department of Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University, China—The object of this study was the effect of lead (Pb) exposure on immune and neurobehavioral parameters of 16 women with a mean age of 34 yr who worked for an average of 12 yr in three printing houses in Taiyuan (Shanxi Province, China). The women were not occupationally exposed to toxic agents other than Pb. Mean air Pb in the printing houses was about 25 jug/m3, mean blood Pb of the workers was 28.6 μg/61 and that of the referents 12.4. The referent group of 36 women, resident in the same industrialised and traffic busy city, was of similar age, working activity, lifestyle and education of the Pb‐exposed group. The Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB) was utilised; some of the NCTB scores, including the simple reaction time, Digit Symbol, Pursuit Aiming II (PA) and correct PA, were significantly lower in the Pb exposed group, whereas all the negative Profile Mood States (POMS) scores were slightly higher in the workers (some with a significant difference) indicating a negative psychological effect of Pb. Lymphocyte subsets were determined in 16 of the Pb exposed women and in 16 referent women with similar age and lifestyle of the whole group of 36 controls. CD4+‐CD45RO+ “memory” T lymphocytes of the workers were significantly higher than those of control women, whereas NK and B CD3‐HLA‐DR+ and NK CD16+‐CD56+ lymphocytes of the Pb exposed women were much lower than those of the referent group. We suggest that the reduction of blood CD16+‐CD56+ lymphocytes in the workers in the printing houses may depend either on a direct effect of Pb exposure on the immune system or on an effect mediated by the neuroendocrine system.
Procedure‐Specific Rates for Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Workers
Authors: Lee Lukas Jyuhn‐Hsiarn , Yu Chih‐Ting , Wang Jung‐Der
Published: February 2008

Procedure‐Specific Rates for Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Workers: Lukas Jyuhn‐Hsiarn Lee, et al. Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University—To assess the rates of needlestick injuries (NSIs) from different types of injection procedures in health care workers, we conducted a prospective study in a university hospital in Taiwan. NSIs in the departments of internal medicine and surgery were prospectively monitored during July 1994‐March 1995. All the injured were interviewed to identify their associated procedures. The corresponding numbers of injection procedures were collected during the study period to estimate the denominator of medical procedures. A total of 81 cases of contaminated NSIs were actively collected over a 9‐month period compared with 54 NSIs from a routine self‐reporting system. Procedures involving intravenous catheter stylets had the highest needlestick injury rate, 43.5/100,000, followed by blood transfusion and blood drawing, 17.7 and 13.3/100,000, respectively. These rates may aid priority setting to introduce safer needle devices when resources are limited.
Four‐Week Inhalation Toxicity Study of 2,2‐Dichloro‐1,1,1‐trifluoroethane (HCFC‐123) in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Kabe Isamu , Takebayashi Torn , Nishiwakt Yuji , Nakajima Tamie , Ikeda Eiji , Saito Takehito , Tanaka Shigeru , Miyauchi Hiroyuki , Endo Yuichi , Omae Kazuyuki
Published: February 2008

Four‐Week Inhalation Toxicity Study of 2,2‐Dichloro‐1,1,1‐trifluoroethane (HCFC‐123) in Guinea Pigs: Isamu Kabe, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University—Groups of eight male Hartley guinea pigs were exposed to 30, 100 or 300 ppm 2,2‐dichloro‐1,1,1‐trifluoroethane (HCFC‐123) by inhalation for 6 hours a day for 4 wk. All the animals were sacrificed 48 h postexposure. Guinea pigs exposed to 300 ppm HCFC‐123 had significantly lower body weight and the weight gain than controls, but there was no significant difference and no tendency in absolute and relative organ weight. ICDH, ALT and AST, which were the most sensitive indicators of halothane‐induced liver injury, did not differ significantly between exposed groups and controls. In the 100 ppm group, a few vacuolar fatty changes in the portal area (zone I) were identified. In the 300 ppm group, severe fatty degeneration was observed in the portal and intermediate areas, partly centrilobule, and the incidence increased significantly compared to the controls. On the other hand, there was no histopathological change in the control or 30 ppm groups. No increase in any of the liver peroxisomal enzymes (AOX, PT, catalase) was seen in male guinea pigs exposed to HCFC‐123. The activity of hepatic ALDH was significantly decreased in the 300 ppm exposed group, suggesting that HCFC‐123 or its metabolite inhibited ALDH activity. In conclusion, inhalation exposure to 100 ppm or more of HCFC‐123 for 4 wk produced nonfatal liver change in guinea pigs, namely hepatic fatty changes predominantly in the portal area (zone I) without any increase in AST, ALT or ICDH. The no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) of HCFC‐123 for four wk in guinea pigs may be 30 ppm. Peroxisome proliferation, which may result in hepatocellular tumor induction, was not observed in guinea pigs exposed to HCFC‐123.
Common Health‐Care Units in Industrial Parks in Taiwan
Authors: Su Shih‐Bin , Guo How‐Ran , Huanc Po‐Chang
Published: February 2008

Common Health‐Care Units in Industrial Parks in Taiwan: Shih‐Bin Su, et al. Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University—In Taiwan, according to the Worker' Health Protection Regulation (the Regulation), factories with more than 300 employees in total or more than 100 employees engaged in specific hazardous tasks are required to establish on‐site health‐care units. In addition to general primary care, these units should serve eight specific functions, including health education and promotion, diagnosis and treatment of occupational diseases, vaccination, job placement, health examination, study of occupational health and maintenance of records of occupational diseases and injuries, prevention of occupational diseases and improvement of work environments, and family planning. Factories in the same industrial park are allowed to establish a common health‐care unit instead of individual health‐care units in the factories. We conducted a nationwide survey of the industrial parks and, through site visits, collected data on the pattern of organization, manpower, and services of their common health‐care units with a standard questionnaire. We also evaluated their functions as set forth by the Regulation. As a result, we found only 10 of the 65 (15.4%) industrial parks had common health‐care units and obtained data on 8. The variations in the pattern of organization, manpower, and services were quite large, but most of the units did not carry out all the eight essential functions. Because the establishment of a common health‐care unit can save cost, it is planned by many industrial parks under construction. The results of our survey showed that these units may not function well, which calls for more thoughtful planning and proper law enforcement.
As relações econômicas internacionais do Brasil dos anos 1950 aos 80
Authors: Almeida Paulo Roberto de
Published: February 2008

Ensaio histórico sobre as relações econômicas internacionais do Brasil dos anos 1950 aos 80, evidenciando as mudanças nos principais fluxos comerciais e financeiros, no quadro da economia mundial. O Brasil preserva uma postura defensiva, em função de restrições cambiais e de fragilidades financeiras que são recorrentes nesse período.
Quatro temas fundamentais do pensamento neoconservador em política externa
Authors: Teixeira Carlos Gustavo Poggio
Published: February 2008

A partir da utilização de diversos textos escritos pelos seus participantes, este artigo procurou identificar os elementos fundamentais que compõem o pensamento neoconservador em política externa. O critério de seleção dos temas ora apresentados foi baseado em dois fatores principais: sua relevância e sua continuidade ao longo do tempo.
Soil mineral N dynamics beneath mixtures of leaves from legume and fruit trees in Central Amazonian multi-strata agroforests
Authors: Schwendener Carol Melanie , Lehmann Johannes , Rondon Marco , Wandelli Elisa , Fernandes Erick
Published: February 2008

Long term applications of leguminous green mulch could increase mineralizable nitrogen (N) beneath cupuaçu trees produced on the infertile acidic Ultisols and Oxisols of the Amazon Basin. However, low quality standing cupuaçu litter could interfere with green mulch N release and soil N mineralization. This study compared mineral N, total N, and microbial biomass N beneath cupuaçu trees grown in two different agroforestry systems, north of Manaus, Brazil, following seven years of different green mulch application rates. To test for net interactions between green mulch and cupuaçu litter, dried gliricidia and inga leaves were mixed with senescent cupuaçu leaves, surface applied to an Oxisol soil, and incubated in a greenhouse for 162 days. Leaf decomposition, N release and soil N mineralization were periodically measured in the mixed species litter treatments and compared to single species applications. The effect of legume biomass and cupuaçu litter on soil mineral N was additive implying that recommendations for green mulch applications to cupuaçu trees can be based on N dynamics of individual green mulch species. Results demonstrated that residue quality, not quantity, was the dominant factor affecting the rate of N release from leaves and soil N mineralization in a controlled environment. In the field, complex N cycling and other factors, including soil fauna, roots, and microclimatic effects, had a stronger influence on available soil N than residue quality.
Sete motivações teóricas para o uso da modelagem baseada no indivíduo em ecologia
Authors: Giacomini Henrique C.
Published: February 2008

A modelagem baseada no indivíduo tem sido crescentemente empregada para analisar processos ecológicos, desenvolver e avaliar teorias, bem como para fins de manejo da vida silvestre e conservação. Os modelos baseados no indivíduo (MBI) são bastante flexíveis, permitem o uso detalhado de parâmetros com maior significado biológico, sendo portanto mais realistas do que modelos populacionais clássicos, mais presos dentro de um rígido formalismo matemático. O presente artigo apresenta e discute sete razões para a adoção dos MBI em estudos de simulação na Ecologia: (1) a inerente complexidade de sistemas ecológicos, impassíveis de uma análise matemática formal; (2) processos populacionais são fenômenos emergentes, resultando das interações entre seus elementos constituintes (indivíduos) e destes com o meio; (3) poder de predição; (4) a adoção definitiva, por parte da Ecologia, de uma visão evolutiva; (5) indivíduos são entidades discretas; (6) interações são localizadas no espaço e (7) indivíduos diferem entre si.
Simuliidae (Diptera, Culicomorpha) no Brasil: XIII sobre Inaequaliumlundi sp.n.
Authors: PY-Daniel Victor , Barbosa Ulysses Carvalho
Published: February 2008

É descrita uma nova espécie para o gênero Inaequalium (Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, 1984), Inaequaliumlundi sp.n. É proposto um novo grupo de espécies dentro de Inaequalium. Os imaturos de Inaequaliumlundi sp.n. foram coletados em cursos d'água em uma altitude de 2.800 m no complexo geológico denominado Pico da Neblina, Amazonas, Brasil.
Stridulatory file and calling song of two populations of the tropical bush cricket Eneoptera surinamensis (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae)
Authors: Miyoshi Akio R. , Zefa Edison , Martins Luciano de P. , Dias Pedro G. B. S. , Drehmer César J. , Dornelles José E. F.
Published: February 2008

This study characterizes the calling song and ultramorphology of the stridulatory file of two geographically isolated populations of the tropical bush cricket Eneoptera surinamensis (De Geer, 1773) from city of Foz do Iguaçu, state of Paraná, and town of Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil, distant 1,000 Km from each other. The teeth are shell-shaped, the larger ones are distributed in the medium region of the file, decreasing gradually in size towards the edges. Specimens from Foz do Iguaçu have a file with 82 ± 9.8 teeth, length=1.89 mm ± 0.15 with 43.76 ± 5.94 teeth per mm (n=15). Specimens from Rio Claro present a file with 87 ± 9.81, length=1.96 ± 0.19 mm with 44.52 ± 4.61 teeth per mm (n=15). Statistical differences found between the two populations are not significant. The calling song is an uninterrupted trill that alternates two sets of notes distinct for its temporal features.
Diversidad de ácaros (Acari: Prostigmata, Mesotigmata, Astigmata) asociados a la hojarasca de formaciones vegetales del Parque Universitario de la UCLA, Venezuela
Authors: Vásquez Carlos , Sánchez Carlos , Valera Neicy
Published: February 2008

Se estudió la diversidad de los ácaros (Prostigmata, Mesostigmata y Astigmata) habitantes del estrato suelo-hojarasca de un Matorral y un Bosque Deciduo del Parque Universitario de la UCLA (Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado), Estado Lara, Venezuela, desde diciembre 2000 a noviembre 2001. El muestreo se realizó usando trampas de caída colocadas a lo largo de una transecta de 1.800 m en ambas localidades. Todos los morfotipos fueron montados en láminas microscópicas usando líquido de Hoyer. Se registró un total de 51 morfotipos de ácaros con predominancia del número de individuos pertenecientes a Prostigmata (2528) respecto a Mesostigmata (926) y Astigmata (12). En ambas localidades, Eupodidae (Prostigmata) y Macrochelidae (Mesotigmata) fueron las familias más abundantes. Se determinó mayor riqueza (S= 43), diversidad (H'= 2,67) y uniformidad (E= 0,69) de morfotipos en el Bosque Deciduo al ser comparado con los valores obtenidos en el Matorral (S= 36, H'= 2,12 y E= 0,52). Ambas zonas mostraron un índice de similitud (J') de 0,59. La pendiente de la curva de diversidad-dominancia permitió inferir que el Matorral constituye un hábitat más disturbado que el Bosque Deciduo a pesar de albergar mayor número de individuos. Se requiere realizar estudios más detallados que sirvan de base para determinar el rol de la acarofauna en el equilibrio de la red trófica de suelo de las regiones tropicales.
Population fluctuations of calliphorid species (Diptera, Calliphoridae) in the Biological Reserve of Tinguá, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Mello Renata da Silva , Queiroz Margareth M. C. , Aguiar-Coelho Valéria M.
Published: February 2008

The purpose of this work was to determine the diversity and population fluctuations of calliphorid flies in the Biological Reserve of Tinguá (ReBio-Tinguá), Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and to correlate their occurrence with the environmental variables of temperature, rainfall and relative air humidity. Specimens of Diptera were collected monthly between June 2002 and January 2005 using four traps placed at four points along a trail and exposed for 48 hours. The traps were baited with sardines and the trapped insects were stored in 70% alcohol. It was collected 8,528 calliphorids, thirteen species were identified among the blowflies including Laneela nigripes Guimarães 1977, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794), C. albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), C. putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Devoidy, 1830), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani, 1850), H. segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann,1819), L. cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830), Paralucilia pseudolyrcea (Mello, 1969), Mesembrinella sp. and Eumesembrinella pauciseta (Aldrich, 1922). No significant correlation was found between the abundance of blowflies and the temperature and relative air humidity. Only C. megacephala and C. albiceps showed a positive and significant correlation with rainfall. An analysis of grouping by month (UPGMA) revealed no seasonal difference in the composition of the community, indicating that the community of calliphorid flies is probably more influenced by the ecological niches occupied by each species than by the seasons of the year.
Práticas dos profissionais das equipes de saúde da família voltadas para as mulheres em situação de violência sexual
Authors: Oliveira Celin Camilo de , Fonseca Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da
Published: February 2008

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com profissionais que atuam no Programa de Saúde da Família - PSF no Estado de Minas Gerais. O objetivo foi analisar as práticas destes profissionais voltadas para mulheres em situação de violência sexual. Os dados foram coletados em uma Oficina de Trabalho tendo como suporte teórico para a análise as categorias gênero e violência de gênero. Constatou-se que a violência sexual contra a mulher envolve questões nas dimensões singular, particular e estrutural da realidade objetiva, que merecem ser refletidas pelos profissionais de saúde. O atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência sexual só poderá ser eficaz à medida que houver um trabalho intersetorial, com políticas públicas claras e eficazes e com o adequado preparo dos profissionais de saúde.
Vigilância pós-alta e o seu impacto na incidência da infecção do sítio cirúrgico
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Cristina , Ciosak Suely Itsuko , D'Lorenzo Claudia
Published: February 2008

As infecções do sítio cirúrgico (ISC) por sua elevada incidência e repercussões associadas, representam importante problema dentre as infecções hospitalares. Objetivou-se neste estudo determinar a incidência da ISC de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia para obesidade mórbida (COM) e gástrica por outras causas (CGOC), durante a internação e após alta. Foram acompanhados em dois hospitais terciários, de ensino da cidade de São Paulo, entre agosto de 2001 e março de 2002, conforme metodologia NISS, 158 pacientes, sendo 81 submetidos à COM e 77 à CGOC, por um período de 30dias. Notificou-se 64 ISC, 6,3% durante a internação e 34,1% após a alta. Durante a internação, a incidência de ISC foi de 5,0% no grupo COM e de 7,8% no CGOC e com a vigilância pós-alta, estas taxas aumentaram para 55,6% e 24,7%, respectivamente, demonstrando que vigilância pós-alta no pacientes cirúrgico é uma importante ferramenta para obter dados confiáveis e redirecionar as políticas de prevenção e controle da ISC.
O processo de morrer e a morte no enfoque dos profissionais de enfermagem de UTIs
Authors: Gutierrez Beatriz Aparecida Ozello , Ciampone Maria Helena Trench
Published: February 2008

Em relação ao processo de morrer e a morte, cada sociedade tem sua própria cultura, hábitos, crenças e valores, que a aproxima ou a diferencia de outras, oferece aos indivíduos uma orientação de como devem se comportar e o que devem ou não fazer diante desse fato. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as concepções culturais relacionadas ao processo de morrer e à morte no contexto de trabalho dos profissionais de enfermagem de UTIs. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais e grupo focal e analisados segundo técnicas qualitativas. As narrativas mostram múltiplas dimensões determinantes das atitudes e ações profissionais, que vão além do conhecimento técnico. Fica evidente que esses profissionais procuram refúgio nas suas crenças e valores para suportar um trabalho que lhes impõe tantas cargas.
A comunicação com o paciente em cuidados paliativos: valorizando a alegria e o otimismo
Authors: Araújo Monica Martins Trovo de , Silva Maria Júlia Paes da
Published: February 2008

Este estudo objetivou conhecer as expectativas de pacientes em cuidados paliativos em relação à comunicação com as pessoas da equipe de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados no primeiro semestre de 2005, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, junto a 39 pacientes oncológicos sem prognóstico de cura, submetidos à quimioterapia paliativa em uma instituição hospitalar privada da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Após transcrição das falas, os dados foram analisados segundo a metodologia de análise do conteúdo. Dos discursos dos entrevistados emergiram quatro categorias. A comunicação interpessoal comprovou ser importante atributo do cuidado paliativo, evidenciando a atenção dada aos sinais não-verbais do profissional para o estabelecimento do vínculo de confiança, a necessidade da presença compassiva, o desejo de não focar a interação e o relacionamento apenas na doença e morte e a valorização da comunicação verbal alegre, que privilegia o otimismo e o bom humor.
Os cuidados imediatos prestados ao recém-nascido e a promoção do vínculo mãe-bebê
Authors: Cruz Daniela Carvalho dos Santos , Sumam Natália de Simoni , Spíndola Thelma
Published: February 2008

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo em abordagem qualitativa, com objetivo de compreender como o momento do parto foi percebido pelas mães e de que maneira as ações dos profissionais contribuíram para facilitar sua aproximação ao recém-nascido. Foram entrevistadas 25 multíparas, de uma maternidade pública no Rio de Janeiro, que tiveram recém-nascidos de baixo risco e parto normal. A análise de conteúdo dos relatos revelou que os cuidados imediatos prestados ao bebê, distante do olhar materno, geram nas mães preocupação, sensação de afastamento e medo da separação do bebê. Algumas mulheres, todavia, valorizaram a assistência intervencionista por acreditar que estes cuidados são indispensáveis para garantir a integridade física de seus filhos. Podemos concluir que, embora valorizem a aproximação a seus bebês no pós-parto imediato, as mães investigadas não conseguem perceber a interferência desse contato inicial no estabelecimento do vínculo precoce em decorrência de inúmeros fatores, dentre eles, os socioculturais.
Grupo Feliz Idade: cuidado de enfermagem para a promoção da saúde na terceira idade
Authors: Victor Janaína Fonseca , Vasconcelos Francisca de Fátima , Araújo Adriana Rocha de , Ximenes Lorena Barbosa , Araújo Thelma Leite de
Published: February 2008

Este artigo teve como objetivos relatar a experiência da formação do grupo de idosos Feliz Idade, desenvolvido por enfermeiras do Programa Saúde da Família em Fortaleza-CE, bem como conhecer a importância do cuidado de enfermagem para a promoção da saúde na vida dos idosos. A seleção inicial dos participantes do grupo ocorreu entre os 314 idosos pertencentes aos programas de Hipertensão Arterial e Diabetes Mellitus. Para formação do grupo, as enfermeiras contaram com a colaboração de médico, fisioterapeuta, educador físico e agente de saúde. As atividades desenvolvidas no grupo foram caminhadas, oficinas, passeios e terapia comunitária. O grupo final foi formado por 124 idosos. Após a inserção destes idosos no grupo, ocorreram melhorias no aspecto biológico, como maior flexibilidade e melhor mobilidade articular, além da ampliação das interações sociais. Observa-se que as atividades, assim realizadas, favoreceram a promoção da saúde na terceira idade.
Avifauna aquática do Saco da Fazenda (Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brasil): uma década de monitoramento
Authors: Branco Joaquim O.
Published: February 2008

O monitoramento a longo prazo das comunidades de aves, disponibilizou dados fundamentais na formulação de modelos de populações, tornando-se uma ferramenta valiosa na conservação da biodiversidade. As aves aquáticas do Saco da Fazenda foram monitoradas mensalmente através de três censos, em um mesmo dia, durante o período de janeiro de 1996 a dezembro de 2005, sendo adotado o número médio de aves por mês, como uma medida padrão da abundância. Das 50 espécies registradas, 34,0% foi regular nos censos, 12,0% sazonalmente e 54,0% de ocorrência ocasional. As aves residentes representaram 72,0% das espécies, as visitante sazonal do hemisfério norte (22,0%), das visitantes do sul da América do Sul (4,0%) e de uma espécie de ocorrência incerta no país. Dessas, sete são aves marinhas costeiras, 39 de hábitos limícolas e quatro espécies habitantes das bordas ou visitantes originários da Mata Atlântica. As famílias Ardeidae, Scolopacidae, Laridae e Charadriidae contribuíram com 64,0% das espécies, onde Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789) e Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823 foram dominantes nos censos. Apesar das flutuações sazonais, a abundância média mensal da avifauna não apresentou diferenças, mas quando confrontados os 10 anos de censos, esses foram significativamente diferentes. Enquanto que o índice de diversidade apresentou valores mensal e anual significativamente diferentes, a equitabilidade flutuou moderadamente entre os anos de coleta, mantendo-se estatisticamente semelhante, foram mensalmente diferente. Estudo como o presente, envolvendo comunidades de aves aquáticas em uma série temporal de 10 anos interruptos, são raros, mas reforçam a necessidade de considerar a época do ano, horário e o número de censos para determinar adequadamente o tamanho das populações. O contínuo monitoramento desses agrupamentos poderá contribuir na compreensão das interações entre as espécies e na avaliação da importância das populações do estuário, no contexto regional.
Cross-shore Mysidacea (Crustacea) distribution in two sandy beaches with contrasting morphodynamics
Authors: Borzone Carlos A. , Lorenzi Luciano , Calil Patrícia
Published: February 2008

The order Mysidacea comprises small and very common crustaceans that inhabit most coastal ecosystem. The present contribution describes the composition, abundance and distribution of mysids in two sandy beaches representing the extreme conditions of the morphodynamics spectrum. Six species of mysids were found at the studied beaches. Metamysidopsis neritica Bond-Buckup & Tavares, 1992 was the most abundant species with more than 97% of the total individuals collected at the two beaches. At the dissipative beach was dominant in the swash and surf zone, with the greater abundance in the inner surf zone. At the reflective beach, this species was extremely abundant in the surf zone and backward the breaker. Bowmaniella brasiliensis Bacescu, 1968 occurred in low density at the surf zone of the dissipative beach, with the greater abundance in the outer surf zone, and it was practically absent in the nearshore zone. We suggest that mysids zonation in sandy beaches may be first developed as a response to food availability patterns imposed by the nearshore circulation systems, and in the second place as a result of competitive exclusion. The suggestion of partitioning of food and spatial resources shown by the mysid species is surprising in view of the apparent physical harshness and low spatial heterogeneity that seem to characterise the beach environment.
The diet of Scinax angrensis (Lutz) tadpoles in an area of the Atlantic Forest (Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)
Authors: Sousa Filho Izidro F. de , Branco Christina C. , Carvalho-e-Silva Ana M. P. Telles de , Silva Guilherme R. da , Sabagh Leandro T.
Published: February 2008

Scinax angrensis (Lutz, 1973) is an endemic species, which occurs in low altitude hillside forests, distributed from the municipalities of Mangaratiba to Parati in the south of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The aim of this study was to compare the morphology of S. angrensis tadpoles in two different stages of development, and verify their feeding spectrum. The mouth morphology of the two stages studied (27 and 37) appeared similar, with a difference in the size of the oral opening as well as an increase in the dimensions of the body. The examined species presented a trophic spectrum comprised of algae, protozoan, rotifers, microcrustaceans, nematodes, vegetation and invertebrate remains, fungus hyphae, and sand grains. Significant differences were found between dimensions of the two stages, but not between diets, although a differentiated preference with regards to planktonic items has been verified. The results suggest that the partitioning of feeding resources is not only related to morphology and occupation of different microhabitats but also to the feeding behaviour of tadpoles. The relevance of important food items to the natural diet of S. angrensis tadpoles, especially the diatoms and filamentous algae, reveal the importance of the periphytic community to the conservation of this species in the Atlantic Forest.
Description of Guyruita gen. nov. and two new species (Ischnocolinae, Theraphosidae)
Authors: Guadanucci José P.L. , Lucas Sylvia M. , Indicatti Rafael P. , Yamamoto Flávio U.
Published: February 2008

The genus Guyruita gen. nov. and two new species from Brazil are described. Holothele waikoshiemi (Bertani & Araújo, 2005) from Venezuela is transferred here to the new genus. Guyruita gen. nov. differs from the remaining Ischnocolinae by the following features: labium densely occupied by a lot of cuspules (more than 100), intercheliceral intumescence absent, posterior sternal sigilla remote from margin, tarsal claws without teeth, tarsal scopula I-II undivided (tarsus II with a line of sparse setae, which does not divide the scopula), III-IV divided.
Predação de ninhos artificiais em uma ilha na Mata Atlântica: testando o local e o tipo de ovo
Authors: Alvarez Ariane D. , Galetti Mauro
Published: February 2008

Experimentos com ninhos artificiais são utilizados para testar hipóteses ecológicas e comportamentais que influenciam na predação de ninhos naturais. O tamanho do ovo, a textura da casca e a cor podem influenciar na taxa de predação, porém poucos estudos avaliam qual modelo de ovo é o mais adequado para simular a predação de ninhos em áreas tropicais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a predação de diferentes modelos de ovos (ovos de codorna, massa de modelar e canários) no solo e a 1,30 m de altura no sub-bosque. O experimento foi realizado Ilha Anchieta, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brasil. Foi encontrada uma diferença significativa na taxa de predação entre os ovos de codorna (71,87%) e sintéticos (93,75%) e entre os ovos de codorna e de canário (100%) no solo. Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os ovos sintéticos e de canário. Os ninhos no sub-bosque apresentaram um padrão diferenciado do solo quando se refere aos ovos de codorna (25%) e sintéticos (28,1%), mas houve diferenças significativas quando os ovos de canário foram comparados com os ovos sintéticos e de codorna. Nosso trabalho demonstrou que diferentes tipos de ovos sobre uma mesma pressão de mesopredadores apresentaram taxas de predação diferentes. Portanto, estudos que avaliam o sucesso reprodutivo da avifauna baseado na predação de ninhos artificiais devem considerar a utilização de diferentes tipos de ovos e estratos na vegetação.
Novas espécies neotropicais de Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: Monné Miguel A. , Monné Marcela L.
Published: February 2008

Seis novas espécies são descritas em Acanthocinini: Alcidion inornatum sp. nov. da Colômbia, Baryssinus giesberti sp. nov. do Panamá e quatro do Brasil, Baryssinus mimus sp. nov. (Rio de Janeiro), Carphina melanura sp. nov. (Mato Grosso), Lophopoenopsis albosparsus sp. nov. (Bahia, Espírito Santo) e Pseudolepturges caesius sp. nov. (Rondônia, Pará).
Revisão dos gêneros Tropanisopodus Tippmann e Paranisopodus Monné & Martins (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)
Authors: Monné Marcela L. , Monné Miguel A.
Published: February 2008

Os gêneros Tropanisopodus Tippmann, 1960 e Paranisopodus Monné & Martins, 1976 são revistos. Tropanisopodus tachira sp. nov. é descrita da Venezuela. São reconhecidas sete espécies em Paranisopodus, das quais cinco novas: P. hovorei sp. nov. da Costa Rica, P. granulosus sp. nov. do Panamá, P. araguaensis sp. nov. da Venezuela, P. peruanus sp. nov. do Peru e P. genieri sp. nov. da Bolívia. Chave para identificação das espécies é fornecida. Paranisopodus paradoxus Monné & Martins, 1976 é registrada para o Equador.
The importance of riparian forest for the maintenance of bird species richness in an Atlantic Forest remnant, southern Brazil
Authors: Anjos Luiz dos , Volpato Graziele H. , Lopes Edson V. , Serafini Patrícia P. , Poletto Fabíola , Aleixo Alexandre
Published: February 2008

We compared the composition and guild structure of bird communities of riparian and upland forest in an Atlantic forest reserve, the Godoy State Park (GP), in northern Paraná State, southern Brazil. Unlimited distance point counts were sampled monthly from September-December 2001, along four trails. Two trails in upland forest (TA and TB) were parallel to each other and about 300 m apart. Two trails in riparian forest (TC and TD) were along the Apertados River, about 100 m away from the river. A total of 145 species were recorded: 81 species were recorded in both upland and riparian forests, 19 species were recorded only in upland forest and 45 species were recorded exclusively in riparian forest. Among the 81 species occurring in both forest types, 18 species had significantly higher numbers of contacts in the riparian forest while only 8 species had significantly higher numbers of contacts in the upland forest. Taking into account the contacts numbers of the species the large frugivores guild was closely associated to the upland forest, while bamboo and vine-tangles insectivore, canopy insectivores, edge omnivores, ground omnivore and midstory insectivores were those more closely related to the riparian forest.
The influence of seasonality, tide and time of activities on the behavior of Sotalia guianensis (Van Bénéden) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) in Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Araújo Janaina P. , Araújo Maria E. , Souto Antonio , Parente Cristiano L. , Geise Lena
Published: February 2008

Data on Sotalia guianensis Van Bénéden, 1864 occurrence on the beaches of Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil) is restricted to information on stranding and on printed material from local newspapers; actual observations of such animals have not been published. This study intends to determine the use of habitat, behavioral activities and assess the relationships between environmental factors and the recorded behavior. Observations were conducted on open sea coastal areas, on the beaches of Olinda and Piedade, as well as in sheltered areas, in the ports of Recife and Suape. Monitoring was carried out every month in each area, during two consecutive days, from September 2004 to August 2005. Results corroborate that this species prefers to occupy more protected environments, the port of Recife being the main concentration area for such species. Piedade is just an exploratory area, possibly due to shark occurrence. Olinda is only occasionally used. Concentration areas seem to be used for feeding, and incidence of caudal exhibition suggests that most of the estuarine dolphin prey items are demersal. Environmental conditions (seasonality, tide and time) did not show to be significant when related to the estuarine dolphin behavior.
Estrutura da população e aspectos reprodutivos do peixe-rei Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard) (Atheriniformes, Atherinopsidae) em áreas rasas do complexo estuarino de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Fávaro Luís F. , Oliveira Elton C. de , Verani Nelsy F.
Published: February 2008

A estrutura populacional e aspectos reprodutivos de Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) foram analisados mensalmente de maio de 2000 a abril de 2001, em oito pontos de ambientes rasos do eixo norte-sul do complexo estuarino de Paranaguá. As análises ambientais das variáveis pH, oxigênio dissolvido, transparência e salinidade da água sugerem a existência de um gradiente ambiental crescente no sentido norte-sul do estuário. A temperatura da água evidenciou a variação temporal no sistema estudado, mostrando-se intimamente relacionado com o processo reprodutivo. O pico de atividade reprodutiva foi determinado para fêmeas e machos, respectivamente, nos meses de outubro e setembro, período em que se verificou a proporção de duas fêmeas para um macho. O predomínio de indivíduos jovens no estuário ocorreu no final da primavera e durante o verão, após o período reprodutivo. As análises sazonais de comprimento e de massa corporal sugerem a existência de um padrão cíclico de crescimento ao longo do ano, o qual reflete o período reprodutivo e o recrutamento. Assim, conclui-se que A. brasiliensis é uma espécie estuarina residente, mostrando-se amplamente distribuída nas áreas rasas estuarinas, podendo ser considerada chave em avaliações de impacto ambiental e/ou em ações de planos de manejo e conservação em ambientes estuarinos.
Obtaining pepper F2:3 lines with resistance to the bacterial spot using the pedigree method
Authors: Riva-Souza Elaine M , Rodrigues Rosana , Sudré Cláudia P , Pereira Messias G , Viana Alexandre P , Amaral Júnior Antônio T do
Published: February 2008

The economic importance of sweet pepper is rising in Brazil and abroad. Nevertheless, diseases, such as the bacterial spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria or Xanthomonas euvesicatoria) jeopardize its yield. An efficient method for controlling the disease is the use of resistant varieties. The objective of this work was to select sweet pepper genotypes with resistance to the bacterial spot on a segregating population (Capsicum annum accessions UENF 1421, susceptible, x UENF 1381, resistant), advanced using the pedigree method. Three selection procedures, " selection between and within families" , " mass selection" , and " combined selection" were compared. Fifty-six F2:3 families (40 plants per family) were planted in the field, without replication. Ten plants of each genitor were used as controls in each line, between families. Plants were inoculated (isolate ENA 4135) 42 days after transplanting and leaves were collected and digitalized three weeks after. Images were analyzed to obtain the percentage of leaf tissue damaged (RMB%) and leaf damaged area (RMBcm²). Since similar results were achieved using either RMB% or RMBcm², we suggest using RMB% in further studies instead of RMBcm², which values remain close to zero. Eleven lines had promising results when selection within and among F2:3 families was used (genetic gains = 40%). Considering mass selection, eleven individuals (three lines), were selected (genetic gains = 28%). Based on combined selection, three lines (11 individuals within the lines) were selected (genetic gains = 266%). There were three lines (105, 475, and 517) in common between selection among and within families and mass selection, and another three (111, 260, and 313), between selection among and within families and combined selection. Combined selection was 6.6 (RMB%) and 6.5 (RMBcm²) times more efficient than selection among and between families, and 9.6 (RMB%) and 9.5 (RMBcm²) times more efficient than mass selection.
Produtividade da beterraba e rúcula em função da época de plantio em monocultivo e consórcio
Authors: Grangeiro Leilson C , Bezerra Neto Francisco , Negreiros Maria Zuleide de , Cecílio Filho Arthur Bernardes , Caldas Andrezza Valéria C e , Costa Núbia L da
Published: February 2008

Avaliou-se os rendimentos das culturas da beterraba e da rúcula em função de épocas de plantio e sistemas solteiro e consorciado, em Mossoró, de janeiro a março de 2005. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com nove tratamentos em quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram dos consórcios da beterraba com rúcula estabelecidos aos 0, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a semeadura da beterraba, monocultura da beterraba e as monoculturas da rúcula, nas mesmas épocas de estabelecimento dos cultivos consorciados. A semeadura da rúcula e beterraba realizada na mesma época proporcionaram maior massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e produtividade de rúcula, sendo respectivamente, de 50,19 g/planta; 5,86 g/planta e 1338,47 g/m². Já para a beterraba, independentemente da época de semeadura, o monocultivo foi superior ao consórcio na produção de massa fresca e de raízes. Os maiores índices de uso eficiente da terra foram obtidos no sistema de consórcio quando a semeadura da rúcula foi realizada no mesmo período (2,0) e aos sete dias (1,9) após a semeadura da beterraba.
Efeito de substratos agrícolas na produção de mudas de hortelã propagadas por estaquia
Authors: Paulus Dalva , Paulus Eloi
Published: February 2008

A utilização de substratos agrícolas, adequados a cada espécie vegetal, auxilia na obtenção de mudas e plantas com qualidade comercial. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS) com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de substratos (organo-mineral, casca de arroz carbonizada + areia (1:1) e casca de arroz + solo (1:1)) para produção de mudas de hortelã (Mentha arvensis L.) adequadas ao cultivo no campo. O experimento teve duas fases: produção das mudas em ambiente protegido e desenvolvimento das plantas no campo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e 15 repetições. Foram avaliados a altura de planta e número de folhas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após transplante, índice de mortalidade, matéria fresca e seca 35 dias após o transplante. As mudas produzidas no substrato organo-mineral apresentaram os melhores resultados durante a fase de desenvolvimento a campo com relação à produção de matéria fresca (7,07 g planta-1) e matéria seca (2,40 g planta-1). Tanto a mistura de casca de arroz carbonizada + solo ou areia também se mostraram apropriados para a produção de mudas de hortelã para o cultivo a campo.