bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From “Drug-Addiction” to the “Toxicophilia” New Ideas for the Promotion Of Health and for the Clinic
Authors: Iudici Antonio , Faccio Elena , Salvini Alessandro
Published: June 2014

This paper deals with the contrasting use of drugs both legal and illegal. The complexity of consumer issues involves collaboration between different scholars and between different disciplines. In fact, the issue is now addressed by using different approaches, some of which take precedence over others, in relation to how organized structures deal with drugs. If it is true that these are different from country to country, it is also true that the architecture of social and health systems are often very similar, due to the medical direction, which gives rise to the spread of procedures and practices of intervention. Although, in many cases, medical research has helped to better focus on some aspects of consumption, anyway, this approach does not allow an understanding of other aspects, for example in cases where there is a full-blown addiction or a psychiatric disorder. Many services in charge of intervention on drug addiction are in trouble today because users are not as easily intercepted as in the past. Countless young people use psychotropic substances based on specific cultural beliefs, which, while unfounded from a scientific standpoint, become narrative fabric on which to draw in the consumer. In order to better understand some methods of substance consumption, some researchers has introduced a theoretical difference between "addiction" and "toxicophilia", putting the spotlight on which psychological processes drive the different experiences. This research has important implications at the operational level, both in the context of health promotion and at a clinical level.
From the Victimization to the Mediation of Peer Conflicts: An Experience in an Italian School
Authors: Iudici Antonio , Rumi Gianluca , Faccio Elena , Maiocchi Annunciata , de Aloe Silvia
Published: June 2014

Victimization is the process of taking the role of a victim that is generated in relation to a crime, or s simply perceived as one (autovictimisation). Whether it is an external or an internal induction, this process involves a set of clinically related significant factors. When the offense is committed by minors, we are faced with peer victimization, a phenomenon much more common than one might think, because part of it is still submerged. It is important to point out that socially and medically intervention with regard to a "victimized" person is far more complex than intervening before the role of the victim has become well established. It is for this reason that, in addition to clarifying the various forms through which it manifests the role of the victim, it is important to research the strategies needed to manage the conflict in a competent way before this should result in crime and clinical relapses for one of the two roles. The scientific interest of this paper is to highlight how a territorial project can help a minor to deal with differences and conflicts between people through mediation skills.
New Ideas for Health Promotion Programs Contrasting Eating Disorders at Schools
Authors: Faccio Elena , Fusa Valentina , Iudici Antonio
Published: June 2014

The literature offers a wide range of theories and research on eating disorders and body disease among adolescents. Intervention programs for health promotion at school often arise from the assumptions of these theories and tend to offer to adolescents the knowledge based on the analysis of risk behavior in developing eating disorders, while they do not take into consideration the ideas that students already have on origins and development of the phenomenon. The present research investigates the adolescents naïve theories about the development of eating disorders and their ideas about the way schools might prenvent this problem. An ad hoc questionnaire was constructed and validated. By the factorial analysis there seem to be the factors used by the participants in their explanations of the disorder: Social acceptance and social comparison; Relationship with parents, self-harm and mental illness; and Organic illness. From the analysis of the data, students in schools that did not promote health programs on food and the body (70%) seemed to be more vulnerable to eating disorders. They considered social acceptance and social comparison to be the most important factors in the development of eating disorders, in contrast to students attending schools that promoted programs on this topic. The latter group tended to attribute responsibility for eating disorders to relationships with parents, self-harm and mental illness.The results may suggest a rethinking of the way in which health programs for preventing eating disorders are promoted at school.
International Variation in Perceiving Goals of a Youth Development Programme (Lions Quest)
Authors: Talvio Markus , Lonka Kirsti
Published: June 2014

We investigated the perceptions of the implementers’ goals of an international social and emotional learning (SEL) programme, Lions Quest (LQ). Data were collected from 22 trainers and country directors representing 15 countries who had implemented LQ in their country. The answers were content analysed and categorized and then compared qualitatively with the original goals of the LQ programme. The perceived goals of the LQ implementers were quite similar to the original goals. However, drug and alcohol prevention or service to others was mentioned by only a few participants although they were the original goals of LQ.
The Ipad and Music in the New Learning Environment
Authors: Ruismäki Heikki , Juvonen Antti , Lehtonen Kimmo
Published: June 2014

In this article, we focus on a single teacher who uses an iPad as a learning environment in informal and formal music teaching. Our research explores the way our informant uses the iPad in music education. We consider what kinds of elements motivate him and which programmes encourage him in learning. As a learning environment, the iPad is explored as a case study of an informal learner and application user and teacher. How does the informant use his iPad as a learning environment? How does the informant apply different applications on the iPad in different situations in music teaching? What applications does he use and why does he choose to use them in his teaching? This research is a case study in which we describe the use of the iPad in music education. We aim to gaining some understanding of the phenomenon through this one case without generalizing. The empirical part of the research is done through observing and interviewing the informant. This is a description of using an iPad in music education. A case study can be chosen as a method when a researcher wants to understand a phenomenon deeply and explore its context. The results show that the informant uses his iPad in many ways. He is a very skilful teacher, who uses different applications on the iPad. We can say that the iPad has given the informant a completely new environment to study, learn and teach music nowadays. Using the iPad, the informant can mix traditional music learning in choir singing, playing in a band, and creating music. The informant is a good teacher, who follows the development of technology all the time. He is interested in taking advantage of the new options offered by tablet technology in his tuition. He has noticed that young people increasingly concentrate on learning outside the formal school institution. How could teachers take advantage of this iPad learning?
Study of the Potential of Playback Orchestra Computer Assisted Teaching Method
Authors: Juntunen Pirkko , Ruokonen Inkeri , Ruismäki Heikki
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this recent study is to create new, music technology-based solutions for orchestra learning and teaching. In the Playback Orchestra (PO) method, students learn their orchestra parts with the support of an auditory model: the playback of the full score. In a score written with a notation programme, the tempo, instrumentation and dynamic changes can easily be edited and the scores can be sent via email to the students to be printed, listened to and played. In this recent quasi-experimental study, the playing skills of the students were evaluated by video before and after the learning period by two professional violin teachers. The test group learned their orchestral parts by using the Playback Orchestra method and the control group played and studied music from printed copies. The aim was to determine whether playback has the intended effect on learning music. It was found that there were significant differences between the study groups in learning a first violin score of a chamber music composition. The communication skills, tonality-based intonation and expression of dynamic marks developed faster in the test group during the practice period.
Comparing Body Awareness Between Actors And Drama Teachers
Authors: Toivanen Tapio , Kaasinen Miia
Published: June 2014

The teacher’s role in drama is to facilitate the pupils’ work. The teacher has to use strengthened ways of vocal and visuospatial interaction in order to obtain the attention of the pupils when needed, to inspire the pupils in their drama work and to encourage the pupils to find their own creative solutions. At the same time, the teacher must keep the process under control. The teacher’s presence plays an important role in the drama teaching (see Toivanen, Mikkola & Ruismäki 2012, Toivanen & Pyykkö 2012a, 2012b). Voice, gestures, facial expressions, body posture and use of space may together be understood as constituting avisuospatial modality (Stivers & Sindell, 2005) or as we call it in this article - psychophysical actions (e.g. Stanislavski 2008; Zarilli 2004). The purpose of the study is to introduce theater perceptions of the body awareness from psychophysical point of view. What are the connections between the work of an actor and a drama teacher in field of body awareness?
Storycrafting Method–To Share, Participate, Tell And Listen In Practice And Research
Authors: Karlsson Liisa
Published: June 2014

Children need to be heard and to have the right to affect everyday action. Despite the growing increase in research relating to children there is a discrepancy between theory and (research) practice. Also, the experienced childhood is from time to time seen simplified because of the methods and rectilinear analyses. We need easily adaptable methods that take into account children's ways of acting. The participatory and narrative Storycrafting method is a Finnish social innovation, which has been used and further developed for more than 30 years. In my article, I ask how Storycrafting works with children in practical interactions and as a research method? What are the standpoints and theoretical background of the Storycrafting method? I analyze the Storycrafting method from several perspectives: theoretical, interactional and cultural practice. Studies have shown that Storycrafting has created time and space to encounter children and to share with and listen to them. Children are able to influence matters concerning themselves. Through the method children are empowered: they become accustomed to explaining their ideas. With Storycrafting, professionals have a participatory method that can be adapted to different situations and is a workable method for use with children, as well as with the youth, with people of working age and with seniors.
About the Content of Estonian and Finnish Music Teachers’ Pedagogical Thinking
Authors: Sepp Anu , Ruokonen Inkeri , Ruismäki Heikki
Published: June 2014

This article reflects on connections between music teachers’ pedagogical thinking and music syllabi of Estonia and Finland. The intention of this article is to highlight these aspects, to find connections from the perspective of music teachers of both countries, and to analyse their music teaching practices according to the three level model of teachers’ pedagogical thinking (Kansanen, 1993) through the lens of the comprehensive school music syllabi in the National Core curricula of both countries. The data for the qualitative research was collected by making interviews with 5 Estonian and 5 Finnish comprehensive school music teachers and analysed using the method of content analysis. The results indicated that music teachers’ thinking in both countries stays mostly on the action level. The biggest differences occurred on the 1st thinking level, especially concerning the use of different music teaching methods and practices.
Music Education Supporting Estonian Basic School Students’ Collective Identity: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kiilu Kristi , Muldma Maia
Published: June 2014

Estonian multiculturalism concept requires public socio-cultural space. Different culture groups’ successful communication results in collective identity. Music, with musical thinking as its action mechanism, supports basic school students’ collective identity. The research question is - what are the opportunities provided by the effect of music education on the development of basic school students’ collective identity? This study aimed to find out about the effect of music education on the development of basic school students’ collective identity. The focus was on the potential of music textbooks to support collective identity of the students of forms 8 to 9 of Estonian and Russian medium schools. The research methods applied are content analysis and the image reading method. The research results allow us to conclude that basic school music education textbooks contain a sufficient amount of varied and instructive information to create preconditions and a basis for the education and development of students with a qualitatively new personality – with high level of ethnic and social consciousness, empathy, and a strong spirit of Estonian citizenship or collective identity.
The Impact of Cultural Metaphors on Learning Effectiveness in English as a Foreign Language Curriculum
Authors: Lai Jiin-Chyuan , Shen Tsuilien
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of teaching culture through metaphor in the EFL, English as a Foreign Language, classroom. Chinese learners of English would be expected to enhance their communication skills and use metaphorical insights as a way of developing new strategies when they are exposed to this cultural information in their own culture and the target culture such as in the USA. The researcher also expected that EFL or CFL, Chinese as a foreign language, learners could internalize this information and develop strategies that would enable them not only to facilitate communication with speakers the target language but that this information would empower them to use this cultural knowledge when communicating with native speakers of their own language (L1) since cultural metaphors are frequently and widely used in life. With a view to provide EFL teachers at university level and the EFL educational organizations where Chinese is a dominant language in the society with alternative perspectives in EFL education, findings from the research questions follows. The impact of this new teaching method, CLTCMP, Communicative Language Teaching with Cultural Metaphor Plan, on EFL learners’ English reading comprehension, cultural metaphor understanding, the efficacy of the CLTCMP as measured from the students’ performance and the perspectives of the EFL learners and teachers regarding their experiences and reflections on EFL learning and teaching in Taiwan is summarized.
Вплив іонів важких металів і цинкового комплексу на динаміку росту бактерій роду Pseudomonas
Authors: Krysenko A. V. , Sklyar T. V. , Vinnikov A. I. , Prischepa N. V.
Published: June 2014

Проблема очищення стічних вод – одне з найактуальніших питань із початку століття. Особливе місце важких металів серед забруднювачів довкілля пов’язане з їх накопиченням в організмі та передачею трофічними ланцюгами, високою їх токсичністю. Розроблено сучасні технології очищення стічних вод: перспективи мають природні та найдешевші біологічні методи очищення, що являють собою інтенсифікацію природних процесів розкладання органічних сполук мікроорганізмами в аеробних або анаеробних умовах. Одні з основних – процеси нітрифікації та денітрифікації. Велика увага приділяється мікроорганізмам, здатним виконувати ці процеси. Процеси взаємодії між іонами важких металів і мікроорганізмами мають велике значення не тільки для фундаментальної науки, а і як можливе застосування у біотехнологічних процесах.
Ценоморфы естественных лиственных лесов северной степи Украины
Authors: Nazarenko N. M. , Didur О. O.
Published: June 2014

Экспертно-статистическими методами проведен анализ ценоморф 156 видов сосудистых растений естественных лесов северной Степи Украины. Обосновано включение вида в определенную ценоморфу, определены ряды замещения ценоморф и факторы формирования ценоморфических групп. Статистическими методами доказана возможность использования ценоморф не только для идентификации ценотических особенностей сообществ, но и фитоиндикации режимов абиотических факторов. Выделение переходных ценоморф не всегда целесообразно, зависит от типа экосистемы, в которой выполняется ценоморфический анализ.
Фітотоксичний вплив SO2, NO2 та іонів свинцю на вегетативні органи декоративних рослин
Authors: Pryimak О. P.
Published: June 2014

Вивчено дію кислих газів та іонів свинцю на вегетативні органи декоративних рослин у мо­дель­ному експерименті. Розглянуто морфометричні показники стебла та асиміляційного апарату. Визначено зміни значень висоти рослин і площі асиміляційної поверхні, виявлено ушкодження </spa
Генетика экосистем: расширенный фенотип и про-блема его наследуемости
Authors: Simchuk A. P. , Ivashov A. V.
Published: June 2014

Проанализировано понятие расширенного фенотипа (extended phenotype), в смысле внутривидовой генетической изменчивости, имеющей экосистемные последствия. Это понятие претендует на роль основной концепции генетики экосистем и широко обсуждается в специальных научных изданиях. Некоторые зарубежные авторы используют его для обоснования таких положений как наследуемость на уровне экосистем и экосистемный отбор. Это вызывает скеп­тическое отношение к самой концепции и оставляет открытым вопрос о структуре, управляющей межвидовыми отношениями в экосистемах. Проблема связана с игнорированием иерархического характера организации жизни и переносом атрибутов особи на экосистемный уровень. Концепция индивидуальной консорции может быть более плодотворной в решении поставленных вопросов и в дальнейшем развитии генетики экосистем.
Використання мікробіологічного препарату «Tамір» для очищення комунально-побутових стічних вод
Authors: Skvortsova D. V. , Trokhymenko A. G.
Published: June 2014

Використовуючи мікробіологічний препарат «Тамір» у процесі очищення комунально-побутових стічних вод, визначили оптимальну концентрацію препарату. Розглянуто чинники, які впливають на процес, а також динаміку зміни основних хімічних і бактеріологічних показників у відібраних зразках. Мікроорганізми здатні знищувати хвороботвірні бактерії у воді, яку вони очищують, дезодорують повітря, підвищують ефективність роботи очисних споруд. Передбачається, що використання «Таміру» буде економічно вигідним.
Морфологічні параметри дрібного підросту клена гостролистого в лісах Новгород-Сіверського Полісся
Authors: Skliar V. G.
Published: June 2014

Проаналізовано розмірні характеристики особин дрібного підросту клена гостролистого у різ­них групах асоціацій лісів Новгород-Сіверського Полісся. Виявлено збільшення статичних метричних і динамічних морфопараметрів підросту у міру збільшення трофності ґрунту і, навпаки, їх зниження при зростанні зімкнутості верхніх ярусів лісу та проективного покриття трав’яно-чагарничкового ярусу. У різних лісових фітоценозах дрібному підросту клена гостролистого притаманні специфічні особливості морфологічної структури. Результати досліджень свідчать про відпо­від­ність місцезростань групи асоціацій Querceta convallariosa параметрам еколого-ценотичного оптимуму, в умовах якого відбувається найуспішніший ріст молодого покоління даної породи.
Ихтиофауна водохранилищ Центрального Вьетнама
Authors: Stolbunov I. A.
Published: June 2014

Впервые изучен видовой состав, распределение и численность рыб в пелагиали и литорали четырех водохранилищ Центрального Вьетнама (Суои Чау, Кам Лам, Да Бан, Суои Зау). По данным исследований, ихтиофауна водоемов представлена 43 видами из 19 семейств рыб.
Морфофункциональные и поведенческие различия некоторых тропических карповых видов рыб (Сyprinidae) из разнотипных местообитаний
Authors: Stolbunov I. A.
Published: June 2014

Проведено экспериментальное тестирование оборонительной реакции, плавательной способности, проанализированы морфогидродинамические характеристики карповых видов рыб (Cypri­nidae): Rasbora paviei Tirant, 1885, Puntius brevis (Bleeker, 1850), Osteochilus hasselti (Valenciennes, 1842) из водоемов и водотоков Центрального Вьетнама. Обнаружены достоверные различия по ряду морфофункциональных показателей и поведенческих реакций у рыб из лотических и лимнических место­обитаний.
Суточная динамика видового разнообразия и плотности скоплений рыб в прибрежной зоне водохранилища Кам Лам и его притока Суои Кок (Вьетнам)
Authors: Stolbunov I. A. , Shlyapkin I. V.
Published: June 2014

Изучена суточная динамика видового разнообразия и плотности скоплений рыб в прибрежных биотопах разного типа водохранилища Кам Лам и устьевом участке его притока – р. Суои Кок (Центральный Вьетнам). В биотопах разного типа на протяжении суток происходило изменение числа видов рыб и перераспределение их долей в составе скоплений. В темное время суток видовое разнообразие прибрежных скоплений рыб возрастало.
Распределение зоопланктона в поверхностном слое Шекснинского Водо-хранилища
Authors: Stolbunova V. N.
Published: June 2014

Приведены результаты исследования зоопланктона, собранного в поверхностном слое на раз­ных участках Шекснинского водохранилища в начале августа 2007 года. Обнаружен 71 вид. По числу видов, численности и биомассе преобладают ракообразные. Зоопланктон в поверхностном слое распределен неравномерно, максимальные плотность и биомасса регистрируются в северо-восточной части оз. Белое (164 тыс. экз./м3 и 1,06 г/м3), в Сизьменском расширении (124 тыс. экз./м3 и 1,60 г/м3) и в Приплотинном плесе (185 тыс. экз./м3 и 1,36 г/м3). Наименьшие величины отмечаются вблизи устьев рек Ковжи Белозерской (17 тыс. экз./м3 и 0,10 г/м3) и Кемы (10 тыс. экз./м3 и 0,06 г/м3). Здесь из-за высокого содержания мелкодисперсной минеральной взвеси значительно снижается прозрачность воды, отмечается загрязнение растворенными нефтепродуктами, в планктоне преобладают коловратки–индикаторы загрязненных вод (из рода Brachionus). Зоопланктон поверхностного слоя воды, где концентрируются сине-зеленые водоросли, отличается от нижележащих глубоких горизонтов более низкой численностью и биомассой.
Мікробоценоз ґрунту лучної екосистеми в умовах впливу залізничного транспорту
Authors: Bobryk N. J. , Kryvtsova M. V. , Nikolaychuk V. I.
Published: June 2014

Проаналізовано стан мікробного ценозу ґрунту лучної екосистеми на різній відстані від залізничної колії на прикладі смт Великий Березний Закарпатської області. В умовах підвищеного техногенного забруднення змінюється комплекс мікробіологічних показників, відбуваються якісні та кількісні зміни функціонування мікробного угрупування ґрунту, які негативно впливають на його потенційну родючість. Підвищена фітототоксична активність ґрунтів примагістральних екосистем корелює з кількістю актиноміцетів, БГКП, олігонітрофілів і спорових мікроорганізмів.
Реакції рослин конюшини на забруднення ґрунту солями цинку
Authors: Denchilja-Sakal H. M. , Nikolaychuk V. I. , Kolesnik A. V. , Vakerich M. M.
Published: June 2014

Вивчено вплив іонів цинку на ріст, масу та стан пігментної системи листків Trifolium prаtense L. Розвиток кореневої системи проростків більше пригнічується, ніж надземної частини. За перевищення МДК у 10 разів площа листків зменшувалася порівняно з контролем на 65–70 %. З’ясовано закономірності акумуляції та розподілу цинку в органах конюшини. При збільшенні концентрації елемента у ґрунті його концентрація в рослині зростає до певної межі, а при низьких концентраціях зростає лінійно. При концентрації цинку у ґрунті (1, 5, 10 МДК) вміст полютанта в коренях зростає в 2, 3, у надземній частині – в 1,5–2,0 раза.
Особливості біосинтетичних процесів стрептоміцету за присутності рослинних олій
Authors: Zhernosekova I. V.
Published: June 2014

Установлено підвищення біосинтетичної здатності стрептоміцету штаму Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2Р-15 за присутності рослинних олій. Максимальні показники накопичення біомаси та активності стафілолітичних ферментів штаму 2Р-15 більші на 19 та 20 %, а концентрація екзогенного білка – у 9 разів при культивуванні стрептоміцету на змішаному субстраті (глюкоза та олія соняшника), ніж на бісубстратному середовищі (глюкоза та маслинова олія). Середовище, що містило олію соняшника або маслинову (моносубстрат), не сприяло інтенсифікації біосинтетичної активності стрептоміцету. Проте максимальні показники моносубстратних варіантів дослідів вищі за присутності олії соняшника, ніж маслини.
Вплив гербіцидів Дербі та Аксіал на накопичення елементів живлення рослинами озимої пшениці
Authors: Mykhalska L. M. , Schwartau V. V.
Published: June 2014

Досліджували вплив гербіцидів Дербі та Аксіал на накопичення елементів живлення рослинами озимої пшениці при позакореневій обробці композиціями гербіцидів та амідного азоту. Одно­часне внесення протидводольного гербіцідиду Дербі та грамініциду Аксіал із карбамідом сприяло накопиченню мікроелементів – компонентів редокс-систем рослин (заліза, міді), а також магнію, калію та бору, що важливо для розробки інтегрованих систем захисту та живлення посівів культури.
Еколого-ценотична структура байрачних дібров Північного Степу України
Authors: Nazarenko N. M.
Published: June 2014

Охарактеризовано еколого-ценотичну структуру байрачних дібров Північного Степу України, обґрунтовано наявність рядів еколого-ценотичного заміщення. Уточнено та деталізовано типологію байрачних дібров проф. О. Л. Бельгарда. Показано комплексний характер дії абіотичних факторів на формування байрачних дібров.
Врожайність лучних фітоценозів Лівобережного Лісостепу України
Authors: Orlova L. D.
Published: June 2014

Показано наслідки дослідження врожайності різних типів лучних фітоценозів Лівобережного Лісостепу України. Накопичення сіна залежить від типу лук, їх частини та погодних умов. Накопичення сіна розподілене на три групи. Більша частина обстежених лук формувала надземну масу на рівні середніх значень. У випадку заплавних – це практично половина, суходільних і низинних – від третини до половини вивчених угідь. Доведено збільшення врожайності за умов установлення охоронного режиму та зменшення господарського навантаження.
Вплив гербіцидних препаратів на ферментативну активність і поліпептидний склад стиглого зерна пшениці
Authors: Rossykhina-Galycha G. S. , Boguslavskaja L. V. , Lashko V. V.
Published: June 2014

Оцінено чутливість озимої пшениці сорту «Землячка» до дії гербіцидних препаратів Гранстар, Естерон, Гроділ Максі, Пума Супер. Гербіцидна обробка посівів пригнічує активність ферментів-антиоксидантів в 1,7−4,8 раза (супероксиддисмутаза), 1,2−1,4 раза (пероксидаза) у стиглому зерні пшениці, зміни каталазної активності дослідних варіантів були незначними. За дії гербіцидів виявлено якісні зміни поліпептидного складу насіння. Для поліпептидів із Mr 14,8, 15,2 (крім Гроділ Максі), 20,0 кДа визначено стабільне збільшення вмісту порівняно з контролем. Виявлено комплексні зміни – результат відновлення та підтримання гомеостазу рослинного організму.
Видовий склад іхтіофауни верхньої ділянки Канівського водосховища та пригирлової акваторії р. Десна
Authors: Sytnik Y. M. , Shevchenko P. G. , Novitskiy R. O. , Podobaylo A. V. , Salyi S. M.
Published: June 2014

Досліджено видовий склад іхтіофауни верхньої, «річкової» частини (київської ділянки) Канівського водосховища та пригирлової ділянки р. Десна. Результати порівняно з матеріалами попередніх досліджень. Проаналізовано зміни населення риб, виявлено два нові інвазивні чужорідні види Канівського водосховища та р. Десна -– ротан-головешка (Perccotus glenii) та чебачок амурський (Pseudorasdora parva). Видовий склад риб цих водойм поповнився 7 непромисловими та смітними видами.
Просторовий розподіл дрібного підросту основних лісотвірних порід у фітоценозах Новгород-Сіверського Полісся
Authors: Skliar V. G.
Published: June 2014

Наведено дані про особливості просторового розподілу дрібного підросту Pinussylvestris L., QuercusroburL. та AcerplatanoidesL. у лісових фітоценозах, характерних для Новгород-Сіверського Полісся. Особини зазначеної категорії молодого покоління на ділянках поновлення в основному мають контагіозний розподіл. У його формуванні важливу роль відграє вимогливість рослин до умов освітленості, зволоження, а також стан живого надґрунтового покриву. На сучасному етапі наявний у регіоні досліджень вітровальний мікрорельєф і вітровально-ґрунтові комплекси майже не відбиваються на просторовому розподілі підросту.
Геохимия ванадия в почвах лесных экосистем Присамарья Днепровско-го
Authors: Tsvetkova N. N. , Dubina A. A. , Tagunova Y. O.
Published: June 2014

Исследовано содержание и распределение валовой и подвижной форм следового элемента ванадия в почвах лесных экосистем и разнотравно-типчаково-ковыльной степи в пределах Присамарья Днепровского. Валовое содержание ванадия варьирует от 49 в дерново-боровой почве до 210 мг/кг в черноземе обыкновенном лесоулучшенном, содержание подвижных форм – от 3 в черноземе обыкновенном до 20 мг/кг в пойменной лугово-лесной почве. Процент подвижности ванадия в исследуемых почвах составил от 1,6 в верхнем горизонте чернозема обыкновенного до 30 % в материнской породе дерново-боровой почвы.
Андрогенез In vitro гібридів соняшнику за участю дикорослих видів
Authors: Chigrin T. V. , Yushkina L. L. , Zadorozhna О. А.
Published: June 2014

Проаналізовано здатність до андрогенезу у 25 гібридів соняшнику, створених за участю культурних ліній Helianthusannuusі дикорослих диплоїдних видів H. decapetalus, H. divaricatus, H. giganteus, H. microcephalus, H. nuttallii. Диференційовано вплив на кількість новоутворень генотипу та середовища культивування. Переважного впливу одного фактора на кількість новоутворень у більшості зразків не знайдено. Встановлено зразки з найвищою андрогенною здатністю: гібриди за участю ліній Х114В, Х762В і видів H. decapetalus, H. divaricatus.
Вміст неетерифікованих жирних кислот у плазмі крові кролів за гострого аргінінового панкреатиту та його корекції
Authors: Rivis Y. F. , Hopanenko O. O.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this work was to study the content of non-esterified fatty acids in plasma and liver of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis and its correction by linseed oil. The experiment was carried out on male rabbits breed gray giant with live weight 3.8–4.0 kg. The material for the study was sampled from blood and liver. Lipids from plasma and liver were extracted with a mixture of chloroform and methanol. After that the non-esterified fatty acids were isolated and methylated. Methyl esters of fatty acids were studied by the gas-liquid chromatography with the chromatograph ''Chrom 5'' (Prague,CzechRepublic). We have found that the content of non-esterified fatty acids decreases in the blood plasma and liver of rabbits with the acute arginine pancreatitis. It takes place at the expense of a reduce of saturated fatty acids with odd and even number of carbon atoms in a chain, monounsaturated fatty acids of the families ω-7 and ω-9 and polyunsaturated fatty acids of the families ω-3 and ω-6. That may indicate a greater use of non-esterified fatty acids for energy metabolism and esterification of lipids. We suppose that this is a consequence of the probable increase in content of non-esterified and esterified cholesterol in the rabbits’ blood plasma. Those processes provoke the cholesterol deposits in blood vessels and therefore cardiovascular diseases. We tried to influence on the processes by addition of linseed oil to the rabbits diet. We have found that in the linseed oil-fed rabbits the content of non-esterified fatty acids decreases at the expense of saturated fatty acids with odd and even number of carbon atoms in a chain and monounsaturated fatty acids of the families ω-7 and ω-9 inblood plasma and liver of the rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis. Furthermore the levels of non-esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids of ω-3 family increase in the rabbits’ plasma and liver. As this takes place the ratio of non-esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids of ω-3 family to non-esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids of ω-6 family increased. The increase of non-esterified linolenic acid content in the rabbits’ blood plasma is apparently a result of a greater intake of linseed oil with food. In turn, the greater intensity of linolenic acid transformation in long-chain and unsaturated derivatives caused the increase of non-esterified docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids levels. Therefore, feeding with linseed oil led to normalizations of both the effective use of non-esterified fatty acids for energy processes and the level of esterified cholesterol in the blood plasma of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis.
Ендогенний інгібітор цистеїнового катепсину В із тканин головного мозку
Authors: Lyanna O.L.
Published: June 2014

Lysosomes are the key degradative compartments of the cell in which the processes of protein degradation take place. Lysosomal cathepsins, which are enclosed in the lysosomes, help to maintain the homeostasis of the cell’s metabolism by participating in the degradation of heterophagic and autophagic material. When breaking down the integrity of lysosomal membranes the cathepsins are released into the cytosol and initiate the development of numerous pathological states. Breakdown in the control of protease activity leads to undesired and unregulated proteolysis. This is a cause of many diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, viral infections, cataracts etc. For this reason inhibitors of proteases have the potential to provide successful treatment for a wide range of diseases. Cathepsin B is one of the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed cysteine peptidases of the papain family. It is implicated in a number of pathological states including: inflammatory diseases of the airways, bone and joint disorders, acute pancreatitis, tumour metastasis, Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic neuronal death. The study of specific inhibitors for cathepsin B is considered important for chemotherapy and treatments of other diseases. This article represents part of a complex study of the lysosomal proteolytic-antiproteolytic system and its breakdown in the process of illness. In this article we present a scheme for extraction, purification and characterization of endogenous inhibitors of lysosomal cysteine cathepsin B. The cathepsin inhibitor was purified to homogeneity from the human neocortex. The purification was carried out in several successive stages: ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-150, and ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A-75, followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Throughout the purification procedure, cathepsin inhibitory activity was controlled against the substrate p-nitroanilide N,α-benzoyl-D,L-arginine. Using graphic methods for analysis of enzymatic kinetics we proposed a mechanism of interaction of the endogenous inhibitor with cysteine cathepsin B. This scheme could prove useful for the understanding of biochemical mechanisms occurring in normal and, especially, in pathological human brain processes.
Вплив препаратів з антиоксидантними властивостями на стан антиоксидантної системи сперматозоїдів при екскреторнo-токсичній формі неплідності чоловіків
Authors: Onufrovych O.K. , Vorobets D.Z. , Vorobets Z.D.
Published: June 2014

Since the development of many disorders of the reproductive function in men involves processes of free radical oxidation, the purpose of this study was to form an evaluation of the pro- and antioxidant status of sperm and to restore its biological usefulness in men with excretory-toxic forms of infertility by using drugs with antioxidant properties. It is shown that excretory-toxic forms of infertility in men are mostly caused by such infectious agents as Chlamydia (22%), Chlamydia + Ureaplasma (16%), Chlamydia + Trichomonas (13%), Ureaplasma (10%). This reduces the total number of sperm in the ejaculate by 2.7 times, and motility by 1.8 times. The number of abnormal forms increases by 1.75 times. With the development of chronic inflammation of the male sex organs sperm lipid peroxidation increases by 1.3 times while the activity of glutathione peroxidase decreases (by 2.3 times) and that of glutathione reductase (by 1.7 times). We observed a close correlation between the low biological quality of sperm (low concentration, low number and motility of sperm in the ejaculate) with activation of lipid peroxidation and inhibition of activity of the glutathione antioxidant system. In the case of superoxide dismutase, the negative impact of reactive oxygen species on this enzyme was not observed. A course of drugs with antioxidant properties – vitamin E, vitamin C and zinc sulfate leads to improvement in the indicators on the spermagram (mostly sperm mobility and morphology), to reduction of the number of peroxide compounds and activation of the glutathione antioxidant system. In this case, the activity of glutathione peroxidase is increased by 1.5 times and the activity of glutathione reductase by 1.3 times. The activity of superoxide dismutase at the same time approaches the norm for zoospermia. The data obtained show that one of the pathogenic factors of the chronic inflammation of male sex organs, considered as a main developmental reason for infertility in its excretory-toxic form, is the increase in activity of the peroxide oxygen lipids of the sperm membrane and decompensation of the enzyme activity of the glutathione antioxidant system. Our data indicate that the use as medicines of vitamin E, vitamin C and zinc sulfate combined with antibiotic therapy would be highly effective in the treatment of male infertility.
Властивості Na+ , K+ -активованої, Mg2+ -залежної АТФ-гідролази лімфоцитів крові у хворих на реактивний артрит
Authors: Melnyk O.V. , Kornijchuk O.P. , Pershyn O.I. , Vorobets Z.D.
Published: June 2014

A significant role in the development and course of reactive arthritis (ReA) is played by T-lymphocytes as their development and systemic manifestations are based on immunological mechanisms. Additionally, the pathogenesis of many diseases is linked to changes in the structure and function of ion-transporting systems. Therefore, the aim of the study was to find out the kinetic properties of ATP-hydrolysis reaction involving Na+,K+-ATPase of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals and patients with ReA. We used the current methodological approaches to the study of ATPase activity in saponin permeabilized cells. We conducted an analysis of the kinetic properties of ouabainsensitive Na+,K+-ATPase activity of saponin-perforated peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RеA). We found out that in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with RеA primary active transport of Na+, K+ ions is slower and less intensive, though characterised by the same capacity, as in healthy donors. The affinity constant for ATP in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with RеA is greater by 2.9 times than its value in comparison with healthy donors. We established that in conditions of rheumatic pathology in immunocompetent cells, inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity is not caused by reduction of speed of enzyme work, but by increase of affinity of ouabainsensitive Na+,K+-ATPase to ATP. At the same time, the Mg2+-binding center of Na+,K+-ATPase in patients with RеA is endogenous. We also found that affinity Na+,K+-ATPase to the ions K+ in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors is 2.4 times higher than in patients with RеA. We observed that Na+,K+-ATPase of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with RеA retains its endogenous receptor properties – sensitivity to ouabain does not change. It is assumed that under conditions of rheumatic pathology the impact on the Na+,K+-ATPase structure occurs both externally and on the cytoplasmic membrane surface. The above experimental data can be used for further clarification of the membrane mechanisms of ion exchange in immunocompetent cells of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases.
Стаціальний розподіл самок кровосисних комарів у Солом’янському районі Києва
Authors: Kilochytska N.P.
Published: June 2014

From the epidemiological viewpoint the greatest threat to human health is represented by female mosquitoes in the hematophagous stage. Contact with these bloodsucking insects occurs most frequently in their places of diurnal concentration. The main daytime habitats of mosquitoes in urban areas are recreational areas, especially near water – forests, parks, botanical gardens, cemeteries, green zones in residential areas, residential buildings and buildings with livestock, basements and cellars. In the context of global warming and extreme high summer temperatures a tendency has been observed for mosquitoes to make increasing use of residential premises and outbuildings as a daytime habitat. In the Solomianskyi district of Kiev a six-year monitoring programme of mosquitoes’ diurnal habitat distribution was conducted. It showed that the majority of female mosquitoes which attacked humans (60%) were concentrated in areas of recreation and outdoors in residential areas. Simultaneously a significant number of mosquitoes was found to use as their daytime habitat places where they were in close proximity to humans – in domestic outbuildings (sheds under various uses), basements and cellars. The lion’s share of these mosquitoes was represented by Anopheles maculipennis (25%) and Culex pipiens (7,6%). At the same time a significant number of representatives of the genera Ochlerotatus (O. cantans, O. sticticus, O. cataphylla) and Aedes (Ae. v. vexans) were also recorded using residential premises as their daytime habitat on a scale which had not been previously observed for these species of mosquito. It is possible that female mosquitoes fly into livestock buildings at twilight because they are attracted by electric light and ammonia vapors. However, these factors are almost absent in basements and cellars. It remains to be noted that mosquitoes use basements and cellars as a daytime habitat at periods of hightemperatures and low humidity in the city. To test this assumption the distribution of mosquitoes was analysed during the warm season in 2010 in Solomyanskyi district with measurement of temperature at the locations of collection. It turned out that the air temperature in the sheds was 2–4 °C lower than outside in the shade, in the basements lower by 4–11 °C, and in the cellars lower by 4–12 °C. Comparison of the temperature in the daytime habitats and number of mosquitoes found there showed a direct relation between the outdoor temperature and the number of mosquitoes in the daytime habitat on the premises. The data indicate that there is a tendency for the number of synanthropic blood-sucking mosquito species to increase owing to the occupation of domestic premises as a daytime habitat by those species of mosquitoes for which this phenomenon was not typical earlier. If global warming and the current trend to increase in summer temperatures persist, this can cause a deterioration of the epidemiological situation in the megalopolis.
Opfergrube der Hügelgräberkultur in der Gemarkung von Ménfőcsanak Spiralornament Auf Einem Tonfries Eines Gebäudes
Authors: Ilon G.
Published: June 2014

Bothros of the Tumulus culture found at the state administrational boundary of Ménfőcsanak. Spiral decoration on the clay frieze of a building. The report focuses on only one feature of the preventive archaeological excavation performed on an area of 277,165 m2. In addition to the bones of cattle, domesticated pig, sheep and sheep/goat, as well as carp and pike in the pit, the skeleton of a child (aging between 5 and 8) identified as Inf. I/II was placed in a large bowl (pithos?). In addition to the fragments of two grinding stones with plant remains and phytoliths, as well as food remains and charcoal fragments referring to burning, and to many fractured vessels, such as storage vessels, dishes, knob-footed beaker, portable hearth (pyraunos?), the fragment of the clay frieze of a building was placed nearby the sacrificed child. The data processing by natural sciences was supplemented by two AMS 14C data. This feature can be dated to the second half of the Koszider Period. This report also describes the reconstruction of the building appliqué, the decoration motif of the clay plastic art, and its analogues, and particularly three transportation “corridors/routes”, through which this aesthetical innovation might have been exported.
Der spätbronzezeitliche zweiteilige bronzebrustpanzer aus der Donau in Ungarn
Authors: Petres É. , Jankovits K.
Published: June 2014

The Szent István Király Museum of Székesfehérvár bought the cuirass, which had been found in the Danube near Pilismarót, from a private collector in 1982. The breast and back plates of the cuirass were built of bronze plates. The complete cuirass is a unique item and it belongs to the group of cuirasses found in the Danube region [Èaka (Cseke), Ducové (Ducó), Èierna nad Tisou (Ágcsernyő), Nadap, Pázmándfalu]. An intact armour was found in grave 12 of Dendra in the Aegean, which was composed of a high, separate neck guard, interlocked plates and a coat-of-chain built of two parts underneath. Two fragmentary cuirasses of the same type are known from the settlement of Thebes. They are dated from the LH II-III A2/B1 period. The shape of the cuirass from the Danube and its high neck guard are similar to the miniature bronze cuirass, worn as a pendant, from the hoard find of Brandgraben (Steiermark) dated from Bz D-Ha A1 and the bipartite cuirass found in the Seine at Saint-Germain-du-Plain. On this cuirass from the Danube, flat rivets hold the two plates together on both sides. Similar, although conical rivets were used in the cuirasses from Èierna nad Tisou and Saint-Germain-du-Plain. A motive of semicircular, punched dots can be seen on the bottom of the back plate of the cuirass from the Danube. This and the solution of the shoulder strap on the right shoulder show similarity to the cuirass from Saint-Germain-du-Plain. The finely punched dot row (“Gleich-Buckel-System”) and the plastic rib are characteristic decorations of the cuirasses of the Danube region. The cuirass from the Danube cannot exactly be dated in lack of accompanying finds nevertheless the listed characteristic suggest that it came from the Bz D-Ha A1 period.
Sur la question de l’élite des Celtes orienta ux à l’âge du Fer
Authors: Szabó M.
Published: June 2014

In relation to socio-historical research of the last quarter of a century this study deals with the problem of Iron Age eastern Celtic elite. Although cemetery analysis can only provide evidence of restricted value, the excavations of almost fully explored north Hungarian necropolises (Ludas, Sajópetri) seem to indicate that in the period of the Balkan expansion (3rd century B.C.) members of the Celtic elite considered themselves mainly as warriors. The analysis has also shown regional differences between archeological sites.
Terrakotta -Mithrasdarstellung aus dem Symphorus-Mithraeum in aquincum
Authors: Zsidi P.
Published: June 2014

The Aquincum Museum houses the fragments of a terracotta object belonging to the finds unearthed in the so-called Symphorus Mithraeum. Careful study and following restoration of the object, previously identified as an architectural ornament in the museum inventory book, made it clear that the fragments belonged to a terracotta sculpture. The surviving parts of the hollow terracotta sculpture suggest that it was a representation of Mithras. This paper does research on which scene in Mithraic iconography this rare terracotta depiction of Mithras was an element of; whether the object can be connected to any other terracotta sculptures of gods originating from the cult place; and whether it was once part of the shrine equipment.