bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study between hand sewn and stapled anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy
Authors: El-Shakhs SolimanAbd-Elrahaman , Hafez Ahmed Shokry , Ammar Mohamed Sabry , Eltoukhy Moamen Mohamed
Published: March 2019

Background: Laparoscopic hemicolectomy for colonic cancer can be performed safely with morbidity, mortality and long-term results comparable to those of open surgery. Despite these advantages, laparoscopic right hemicolectomy is technically challenging and warrants intensive structured training to minimize conversion to open surgery and associated complications. Anastomosis could be done either by hand sewn or stapler.Methods: Present study was a prospective study. It included 30 patients presented to Menoufia University Hospital and El Salam Oncology Center with carcinoma of right colon from March 2016 until September 2018. The patients were divided into two groups each group of 15 patients. In the first group, author used the hand sewing for anastomosis compared to the stapled anastomosis in the second group.Results: In the first group, 11 of them were males (73.3%) and 4 were females (26.7 %) with the mean age was 55.93±8.64 years. In the second group, 6 of them were males (40%) and 9 were females (60%) with the mean age was 48.33±17.97 years. In the first group, the mean time of anastomosis was 36.0±4.71 minutes and in the second group the mean time of anastomosis was 21.67±5.56 minutes. In the first group, 1 case was complicated by leakage from anastomosis (6.2%), 1 case was complicated by wound infection (6.2%). In the second group, there was no complication.Conclusions: In this study, the main advantages of doing a stapled anastomosis are the operative time, hospital stay and intraoperative bleeding. Postoperative complications than the hand sewn anastomosis.
”Common Criteria” and Software Defined Network Security
Authors: Petukhov Andrey N. , Pilyugin Paul L.
Published: March 2019

«Common criteria» (ISO 15408) is a universally recognized and broadly applicable approach to information security solutions management and evaluation. «Common criteria» leans on developing a shared conceptual basis for key security solution modules including protection profiles and security targets. Conceptual basis development implies defining the following elements: security objectives and assumptions (for the environment and the object), threats and security policies, as well as functional and assurance requirements. The specifics of SDN (software defined network) security solutions is largely driven by fundamental architectural principles of SDN technology itself − primarily by the separation of control and data flows, − and by conditions imposed by Open Flow protocol application. However, proactive (threats and policies), passive (objectives and assumptions) and reactive (requirements) aspects of security management remain highly relevant for this type of security solutions. This paper discusses the Common Criteria application specifics for assessing the SDN security and practical MTUCI (Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics) experience in the development of the protection profile. A new class of network attacks on SDN switches and controllers can involve either data or control components. In addition to traditional vulnerabilities, centralization of management functions paves way for new security threats by isolating controller activity and administrative message exchange. Therefore, identifying and analyzing threats, policies and requirements specific to SDN control module security becomes an emerging priority.
Design of Onboard Real-Time Networks Based on SDN Technology
Authors: Balashov Vasily V. , Kostenko Valery A. , Ermakova Tatiana I.
Published: March 2019

Modern onboard equipment complexes (OEC) utilize AFDX and FC-AE-ASM-RT switched networks implementing a virtual link-based approach to real-time data transfer. The main drawback of these networks is their limited or absent support for dynamic reconfiguration of virtual links, which makes impossible the dynamical recomposition of OEC operation modes, particularly in case of multiple equipment failures. To remove these drawbacks, in this paper an approach is proposed to use software-defined networks (SDN) as onboard real-time networks. The proposed approach is based on implementation of a virtual link-based technology (similar to those used in AFDX and FC-AE-ASMRT) in an SDN supporting OpenFlow 1.3 protocol. The approach was implemented as a functional prototype and experimentally evaluated in a virtual network environment based on Ofsoftswitch13 software SDN switches and RUNOS controller. The experiments indicated that the proposed data exchange scheme allows the transfer of messages within the given limits on delay and jitter, and does not allow violation of constraints on a virtual link bandwidth. The experiments also confirmed that dynamic reconfiguration of virtual links in SDN does not interrupt the data transfer through unchanged virtual links. An important direction for future work is development of algorithms for dynamic creation of virtual link routes in course of OEC reconfiguration. The final goal of the work is to create an SDN-based network technology supporting both real-time data transfer and automatic network reconfiguration in case of OEC mode change, including parrying multiple failures.
Dealing with Misquotations Constructively
Authors: Millares-Martin Pablo
Published: March 2019

No abstract.
Library Staff are More Motivated to Engage in Professional Development When Encouraged by Library Leadership
Authors: Bussell Hilary
Published: March 2019

A Review of:

Johannessen, H. T. D. (2018). The need to grow, learn and develop – how does management affect motivation for professional development? LIBER Quarterly, 28(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.18352/lq.10238

Abstract

Objective – This study explores whether there is a correlation between academic library leaders’ support for professional development and their employees’ professional self-esteem and motivation to participate in professional development.

Design – Survey questionnaire.

Setting – Academic libraries in Norway.

Subjects – 1,637 full time equivalent (FTE) staff.

Methods – The theoretical framework for this study is knowledge management. The author defines this as “The creation and subsequent management of an environment which encourages knowledge to be created, shared, learnt, enhanced, and organized for the benefit of the organization and its customers” (Sarrafzadeh, Martin, & Hazeri, 2006, p. 624, quoted on p. 3). An anonymous quantitative survey was made available to staff working in Norwegian academic libraries. The survey included questions about to what extent their leader encourages them to attend conferences, to what extent their leader understands their skills and competencies, personal belief in their own skills and competencies to perform their work tasks, and number of professional development activities they attended in 2015 (including conferences, continuing education seminars, and interdepartmental seminars).

Main Results – 626 survey responses were collected, for a 38% response rate. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Over 50% of all survey respondents reported high satisfaction with their professional skills and competencies. There is a difference when broken down by gender, with 77% of men reporting confidence in their professional skills versus 63% of women. Education level, on the other hand, does not make a difference. The study found a correlation between perception by library staff that their library leader has a “good overview” of their professional skills and staff members’ confidence in their ability to perform their job well. Library staff with leaders who encouraged professional development were more likely to participate in external professional development activities. Participation in internal professional development activities was not affected by library leaders’ encouragement.

Conclusion – When library staff are encouraged by library leadership to participate in professional development, they are more likely to do so. Library staff who perceive that their library’s leaders recognize and value their professional skills and competencies have a higher sense of professional self-esteem. Library leaders can use knowledge management to come to a better understanding of the knowledge and skills their staff members already possess, and to encourage communities of practice and the sharing of knowledge in the organization. This recognition can result in employees who are happier and more motivated to learn.
Transnational migration and educational opportunities: A case study of migration from Brazil to Germany
Authors: Carnicer Javier A.
Published: March 2019

Based on a case study, this article discusses connections between educational inequality in Brazil, transnational migration and educational upward mobility. It analyses a young woman's migration from a favela in Brazil to Germany with a focus on the educational aspirations that
motivated it, that is, as a case of educational migration. It describes the social trajectories of this young woman and her family and interprets them in the context of recent socio-economic developments in Brazil, thus showing how educational inequality can drive migration. The significance
of networks, as well as of migration and educational regimes that shape this trajectory, are taken into account. The analysis aims to show how migrants from disadvantaged social backgrounds actively take part in the transnationalization of education.
O CEMESSC COMO GUARDIÃO DAS MEMÓRIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO DO SUL DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Figueiredo Taise Machado , Costa Marli De Oliveira
Published: March 2019

O artigo busca apresentar o processo de implantação do Centro de Memória da Educação do Sul de Santa Catarina – CEMESSC, realizado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa História e Memória da Educação – GRUPEHME. Tem como objetivo compreender a importância do CEMESSC para a preservação e guarda da cultura material escolar das escolas estaduais mais antigas do Sul de Santa Catarina. A metodologia utilizada foi do tipo documental. Análise de relatórios e artigos sobre o CEMESSC, bem como alguns documentos que compõe o Centro. Além da investigação nesses documentos foi necessário revisitar uma vasta bibliografia que aborda os conceitos de cultura material escolar, principal referência nesse trabalho. O CEMESSC se apresenta como uma das formas de preservar, guardar e sociabilizar documentos iconográficos e textuais que contribuem para as pesquisas no campo da história da educação, possibilitando, por seu formato virtual a democratização a esses acervos.
A TRAJETÓRIA DE JOSEPH JUBERT PROFESSOR FRANCÊS E ANARQUISTA: A INSTRUÇÃO LIBERTÁRIA SILENCIADA E REPRIMIDA
Authors: Machado Sandra Aparecida de Souza , Guimarães Maria De Fátima , Paiva Rodrigo Ribeiro de , Cabral Adriel De Moura
Published: March 2019

Esta pesquisa em andamento focaliza a trajetória do professor francês e anarquista Joseph Jubert Rivier, no Brasil, de 1900 à 1920. Com o objetivo de investigar suas ações na área da educação, problematizando a instrução libertária proposta pelos anarquistas. A pesquisa possui registro da presença desse professor nas cidades de Atibaia (SP), Bragança (SP), Sorocaba (SP) e Bauru (SP). Para atingirmos tais objetivos estamos pesquisando diferentes fontes históricas, dentre elas Documentos do Judiciário da Comarca de Bragança Paulista, custodiados pelo CDAPH, da Universidade São Francisco-USF, e periódicos como: A Lanterna (SP), O Operário (SP), no Arquivo Edgard Leuenroth-UNICAMP, CDAPH-USF e Biblioteca Nacional. A pesquisa se justifica para a História da Educação por se tratar de um projeto de instrução libertária que se contrapôs ao modelo republicano de educação vigente no início do século XX, além de ser o único sobre o professor.
Os implicativos do adoecimento e afastamento laboral de trabalhadoras do ramo têxtil em decorrência de doenças osteomusculares ocupacionais
Authors: Nascimento Cristiane Lenita Rhoden do , Freitag Karin Cristiane
Published: March 2019

Este texto apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que foi originada no curso degraduação de Serviço Social da Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB). Nesta produção de conhecimento, buscou-se analisar os impactos trazidos pelas doenças osteomusculares ocupacionais para a vida de trabalhadoras de uma empresa têxtil de Blumenau/SC, as quais estavam afastadas das atividades laborais em decorrência de seu adoecimento e os efeitos gerados a elas, na perspectiva do contexto social, familiar e os reflexos no cotidiano. A metodologia aplicada à pesquisa foi teórico-empírica, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada como técnica de coleta de dados na empresa e pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados da pesquisa apresentam as problemáticas observadas neste cenário, dentre elas, as construções desiguais de gênero, limitações impostas pela condição de empobrecimento, exploração da mulher na sociedade contemporânea, além da condição de adoecimento em virtude do modo de produtividade da lógica capitalista. Neste sentido, tornam-se importantes pesquisas que se propõem a estudar o mundo do trabalho, a saúde do trabalhador e as relações de gênero e familiares.
Inovar-auto: continuação ou ruptura da indústria dependente?
Authors: Vargas Tiago Bernardino , Pinto Geraldo Augusto
Published: March 2019

O Inovar-Auto foi um programa do governo do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), tendo na presidência executiva Dilma Rousseff (eleita em 2012), com o objetivo, definido na Lei 12.715 de 2012, de promover o desenvolvimento tecnológico no setor automotivo. Pela contemporaneidade do programa, as discussões científicas sobre seus resultados ainda estão em vigor, centradas no desenvolvimento da cadeia automotiva nacional e no atingimento de seu objetivo principal: desenvolvimento tecnológico. Este artigo objetiva discutir oprograma tomando como base de análise a Teoria Marxista da Dependência (TMD). A partir de uma contextualização da industrialização e da indústria dependente, apresenta-se o caso particular da formação da indústria automotiva brasileira. Desse contexto, reflete-se sobre o Inovar-Auto como uma continuação ou uma ruptura de categorias características da indústria dependente. Conclui-se que o programa manteve, de modo geral, um favorecimento às multinacionais e a manutenção do padrão de importação tecnológica, que evidencia a continuidade das estruturas da dependência. Porém, houve uma inovação que aponta para uma ruptura do padrãode dependência: diferente dos demais incentivos públicos históricos ao setor automotivo brasileiro, houve a inclusão do setor de ferramentaria como um favorecido indireto, um setor que mantem suas bases nacionais – força de trabalho, engenharia e desenvolvimento nacionais. Palavras-chave: Inovar-Auto. Indústria Automotiva. Políticas Industriais. Teoria Marxista da Dependência.
Un abordaje a las propuestas y proyectos de creación del túnel subfluvial Paraná-Santa Fe
Authors: Camarda Maximiliano
Published: March 2019

RESUMENDesde principios del siglo XX se realizaron propuestas para la conexión de Entre Ríos, más de cincuenta años después se concretó. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en el derrotero de las propuestas y proyectos sobre la creación de un túnel o puente.Abordagem das propostas e projetos para a criação do túnel subfluvial Paraná-Santa FéRESUMODesde o início do século XX, foram feitas propostas para a conexão de Entre Rios, mais de cinquenta anos depois foi finalizado. O objetivo deste trabalho é aprofundar o curso das propostas e projetos sobre a criação de um túnel ou ponte.
Rio de Janeiro - uma cidade tra(duz)ída pelos mapas
Authors: Casco Ana Carmen Amorim Jara
Published: March 2019

O artigo explora a possibilidade de interação entre diferentes leituras da cidade do Rio de Janeiro ao longo do tempo a partir de mapas e da bibliografia existente. Dois recortes foram privilegiados: o da abordagem turística da cidade e o da produção de mapas e guias no século XX. Um dos objetivos é compreender como mapas produzidos para construir uma determinada imagem da cidade, a de “lugar turístico”, guardam um universo de informações capazes de contribuir para que outras histórias sejam inventadas e lidas, num processo inacabado e fértil de interpretar e traduzir.
Os escombros do Castello: as representações sobre um desmonte em três atos
Authors: Sousa Rebeca Grilo de
Published: March 2019

Processos de modernização urbana, amiúde, caminham lado a lado a eventos de destruição. Seja como uma tabula rasa ou com ações pontuais, estes processos colocam em xeque parte da memória urbana, ao eliminar componentes da narrativa urbana. Intenta-se, ao revisitar processos de modernização urbana, apresentar uma nova leitura para os eventos de destruição ocorridos nas cidades. Ao identificar nestes episódios as representações sobre as demolições empreendidas no tecido urbano e fazer delas o substrato para reconhecer as sensibilidades que afloram nestes eventos, colabora-se para a História Cultural Urbana das cidades brasileiras, bem como apreende-se um dos processos de formação de sensibilidades hoje consolidadas (ou em processo de consolidação) como o de preservação do acervo construído.
Apresentação
Authors: Cerasoli Josianne Francia
Published: March 2019

Apresentação do dossiê sobre Brasília-DF, editado em dois números.
Exploring the Influence of the Microstructure on the Passive Layer Chemistry and Breakdown for Some Titanium-Based Alloys in Normal Saline Solution
Authors: El-Bagoury Nader , Ibrahim Sameh , Ahmed Abu Ali Ola , El-Hadad Shimaa , Fallatah Ahmed M. , Mersal G.A.M. , Ibrahim Mohamed M. , Wysocka Joanna , Ryl Jacek , Boukherroub Rabah , A. Amin Mohammed
Published: March 2019

The effect of microstructure and chemistry of passive films on the kinetics of passive layer growth and passivity breakdown of some Ti-based alloys, namely Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-7Nb and TC21 alloys was studied. The rate of pitting corrosion was evaluated using cyclic polarization measurements. Chronoamperometry was applied to assess the passive layer growth kinetics and breakdown. Microstructure influence on the uniform corrosion rate of these alloys was also investigated employing Tafel extrapolation and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Corrosion studies were performed in 0.9% NaCl solution at 37 oC, and the obtained results were compared with ultrapure Ti (99.99%). The different phases of the microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Chemical composition and chemistry of the corroded surfaces were studied using X-ray photoelectron analysis. For all studied alloys, the microstructure consisted of α matrix, which was strengthened by β phase. The highest and the lowest values of the β phase’s volume fraction were recorded for TC21 and Ti-Al-Nb alloys, respectively. The uniform corrosion rate and pitting corrosion resistance (Rpit) of the studied alloys were enhanced following the sequence: Ti-6Al-7Nb < Ti-6Al-4V << TC21. The corrosion resistance of Ti-Al-Nb alloy approached that of pure Ti. The obvious changes in the microstructure of these alloys, together with XPS findings, were adopted to interpret the pronounced variation in their corrosion rates.
Spatio-Temporal Image Representation of 3D Skeletal Movements for View-Invariant Action Recognition with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Pham Huy Hieu , Salmane Houssam , Khoudour Louahdi , Crouzil Alain , Zegers Pablo , Velastin Sergio A.
Published: March 2019

Designing motion representations for the problem of 3D human action recognition from skeleton sequences is an important yet challenging task. An effective representation should be robust to noise, invariant to viewpoint changes and result in a good performance with low-computational demand. Two main challenges in this task include how to efficiently represent spatio-temporal patterns of skeletal movements and how to learn their discriminative features for classification task. This paper presents a novel skeleton-based representation and a deep learning framework for 3D action recognition using RGB-D sensors. We propose to build an action map called SPMF (Skeleton Posture-Motion Feature), which is a compact image representation built from skeleton poses and their motions. An Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) algorithm is then applied on the SPMF to enhance their local patterns and form an enhanced action map, namely Enhanced-SPMF. For learning and classification tasks, we exploit Deep Convolutional Neural Networks based on the DenseNet architecture to learn directly an end-to-end mapping between input skeleton sequences and their action labels via the Enhanced-SPMFs. The proposed method is evaluated on four challenging benchmark datasets, including both individual actions, interactions, multiview and large-scale datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms previous state-of-the-art approaches on all benchmark tasks, whilst requiring low computational time for training and inference.
Breeding Biofortified Pearl Millet Varieties and Hybrids to Enhance Millet Markets for Human Nutrition
Authors: Govindaraj Mahalingam , Rai Kedarnath , Cherian Binu , Pfeiffer Wolfgang , Kanatti Anand , Shivade Harshad
Published: March 2019

Pearl millet is an important food crop in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions of Africa and Asia. These regions are home to millions of poor smallholder’s households living in harsh agro ecology and reported higher prevalence of malnutrition. Such poor households have few options in terms of food crops, besides the limited markets. Indeed, pearl millet is one of the food crops they continue to grow for their food and nutritional security. Pearl millet is important sources of dietary carbohydrates, energy, protein, and important minerals such as calcium, iron and zinc. Considering inherent high nutritional values and climate resilient nature (drought and heat), demand for pearl millet as food, beside valued for its Stover as a source of livestock fodder, is projected to grow strongly in Asia (India) and Africa (West and Central Africa). Iron (cause anemia) and zinc (cause stunting) deficiencies are widespread and serious public health problems worldwide, including India and Africa. Biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural strategy to address this problem. Research on pearl millet has shown that large genetic variability (30-140 mg/kg Fe and 20-90 mg/kg Zn) available in this crop can be effectively utilized to develop high-yielding cultivars with high iron and zinc densities. Both Open –pollinated varieties (Dhanshakti and Chakti) and hybrids (ICMH 1202, ICMH 1203 and ICMH 1301) of pearl millet with high grain yield (>3.5 tons/ha in hybrids) and high levels of iron (70-75 mg/kg) and zinc (35-40 mg/kg) densities have been developed and released. Currently, India growing >70,000 ha of biofortified pearl millet, besides more pipeline hybrids and varieties are under various stage of testing at the national (India) and international (west Africa) trials for possible release. Genomic tools will be an integral part of breeding program particularly for nutritional traits to use diagnostic markers and genomic selection. Clinical studies showed that 200g grains from biofortified cultivar would provide bioavailable Fe to meet full recommended daily allowance (RDA) in children, adult men and 80% of the RDA in women. Till today, no markets to promote biofortified cultivars/grains/products as no incentive price and such products aims to address food and nutritional security challenges simultaneously. The demand is likely to increase only after investment and integration into modern public distribution system, nutritional intervention schemes, private seed and food companies with strong mainstreaming nutritional policies. In the non-traditional regions, this will contribute to livestock and poultry feed industry as spill-over benefits to improve nutrition.
New Developments in Cyber Physical Systems, the Internet of Things and the Digital Economy – Discussion on Future Developments in the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0
Authors: Radanliev Petar , De Roure David , R.C. Nurse Jason , Nicolescu Razvan , Huth Michael , Cannady Stacy , Mantilla Montalvo Rafael
Published: March 2019

The world is currently experiencing the fourth industrial revolution driven by the newest wave of digitisation in the manufacturing sector. The term Industry 4.0 (I4.0) represents at the same time: a paradigm shift in industrial production, a generic designation for sets of strategic initiatives to boost national industries, a technical term to relate to new emerging business assets, processes and services, and a brand to mark a very particular historical and social period. I4.0 is also referred to as Industrie 4.0 the New Industrial France, the Industrial Internet, the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the digital economy. These terms are used interchangeably in this text. The aim of this article is to discuss major developments in this space in relation to the integration of new developments of IoT and cyber physical systems in the digital economy, to better understand cyber risks and economic value and risk impact. The objective of the paper is to map the current evolution and its associated cyber risks for the digital economy sector and to discuss the future developments in the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0.
Toward Reliable Fog Computing Architecture for Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Ramli Muhammad Rusyadi , Bhardwaj Sanjay , Kim Dong-Seong
Published: March 2019

Reliability is essential in industrial networks. In addition, most of the data from nodes of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are generated in real time. Thus, those data are mainly used for the time-sensitive applications. Furthermore, device failures should be considered when modeling reliable fog computing for IIoT. In this paper, we provide fundamental aspects to model reliable fog computing for IIoT. First, existing models of fog computing are compared. Then, the most feasible communication type to achieve a reliable system is determined from model analysis. Interaction modes are elaborated to study the advantages and drawbacks when communication is deployed in fog computing for IIoT, and challenges and solutions for reliable fog computing are discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Te Nanotubes Decorated with Pt Nanoparticles for Fuel Cell Anode/Cathode Working at Neutral pH
Authors: Guascito Maria Rachele , Chirizzi Daniela , Filippo Emanuela , Milano Francesco , Tepore Antonio
Published: March 2019

In fuel-cell technological development, one of the most important objectives is to minimize the amount of Pt, the most employed material as oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation electro-catalyst. In this paper we report the synthesis and characterization of Te nanotubes (TeNTs) decorated with Pt nanoparticles, readily prepared from stirred aqueous solutions of PtCl2 containing a suspension of TeNTs and ethanol acting as a reducing agent, avoiding the use of any hydrophobic surfactants as capping stabilizing substance. The as obtained TeNTs decorated with Pt nanoparticles (TeNTs/PtNPs) have been fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction patterns (SAD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). We demonstrate that the new material can be successfully employed in fuel cell either as anodic (for methanol oxidation reaction) and cathodic (for oxygen reduction reaction) electrode with high efficiency in terms of related mass activities and on-set improvement. Remarkably, the cell operates in aqueous electrolyte buffered at pH 7.0, thus avoiding acidic or alkaline conditions that may lead e. g. to Pt dissolution (at low pH) and paving the way for the development of biocompatible devices and on chip fuel cells.
The Case for Prebiotic Chemistry During the Hadean Eon
Authors: Kühne Rainer
Published: March 2019

Geochemists disagree whether or not prebiotic chemistry has existed already during the Hadean Eon and whether the then terrestrial atmosphere has been strongly or weakly reduced. Here I argue that cellular life has existed already just after the end of the Hadean Eon and that terrestrial life has survived a number of cataclysms during the Earth's history. I argue that although organic molecules have been detected in meteorites that most organic molecules required for the formation of macromolecules must have been formed on Earth. Finally, I argue that the primitive terrestrial atmosphere during the Hadean Eon has been weakly reduced, so that amino acids and small nucleic acids could have been formed. I suggest that the first self-replicable macromolecules have been similar to viroids.
Gnotobiotic Rearing and Controlled Infection with Gut Symbionts Improve Adult Fitness in Transgenic Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella
Authors: Somerville Jasmine , Zhou Liqin , Raymond Benjamin
Published: March 2019

Mass insect rearing can have a range of applications, for example in biological control of insects. Since the performance of released biological control agents determines efficacy, the competitive fitness of insects post release is a key variable. Here, we tested whether inoculation with a gut symbiont, Enterobacter cloacae, and gnotobiotic rearing of larvae could improve insect growth and male competitive fitness of a transgenic diamondback moth, which has shown variation in fitness when reared in different insectaries. All larvae were readily infected with the focal symbiont. Under gnotobiotic rearing pupal weights were reduced and there was a marginal reduction in larval survival. However, gnotobiotic rearing substantially improved the fitness of transgenic males. In addition, in gnotobiotic conditions, inoculation with the gut symbiont increased pupal weights and male fitness, increasing the proportion of transgenic progeny from 20 to 30% relative to symbiont-free insects. Gnotobiotic conditions may improve the fitness of transgenic males by excluding microbial contaminants, while symbiont inoculation could further improve fitness by providing additional protection against infections, or by normalizing insect physiology. The simple innovation of incorporating antibiotic into diet, and inoculating insects with symbiotic bacteria that are resistant to that antibiotic, could provide a readily transferable tool for other insect rearing systems.
Nutrient Resources Recovery by a Creative Co-Composting Method of Municipal Solid Wastes and Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge
Authors: Nemati Saeed , Samali Bijan , Tahmoorian Farzaneh , Mokhtarani Nader , Sanati Farshad
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is nutrient resources recovery by achieving the optimal chemical oxygen demand (COD) and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) in co-composting wastewater treatment plant sludge with Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW). In this effort, the co-composting has been conducted in form of a case study in the northern region of Iran. In this research, 192 tests were carried out on four series of samples examined in terms of waste to sludge ratio, different aeration period, the percent of porous materials and the moisture content. This study was carried out at a temperature of 50 °C for a 15 day period by application of the in-vessel system and shows that the best ratio for waste to sludge is 2:1, while the 8 hour period is the best aeration period. The porous material which can be added to the composting process is limited to 15% in weight. In other words, any more or less amount of this material will adversely impact the process. Moreover, this research suggests that the sludge dewatering is not required in such processes. In Addition, the efficiency of both COD and C/N reductions equals to about 40%.
Different Aspects Connected with Lubricants
Authors: Voinov Kirill , Esbulatova Altyn , Ghellab Yahia , Belili Oualid , Nasr Tarek
Published: March 2019

In this paper we describe many important aspects connected with lubricants, namely: the most cheapest organic lubricant in the word, how effectively save lubricant between pairs of friction, what kind of rational shapes for the lubricant must be, what it will be connected with wear and tear using the new organic lubricant (for this purpose formulas and curves are shown in computer program MathCad with calculation). Moreover, there is one physical model which helps to catch car exhausted gases. In conclusion, some recommendations will be given to realize them into the practice during the operation for the different mechanisms including ecology.
Composting As an Alternative Management Strategy for Wild Taro Waste
Authors: Sembera Jen A. , Waliczek Tina M. , Meier Erica J.
Published: March 2019

Wild taro (Colocasia esculenta) is identified as an invasive species in freshwater regions throughout the southeastern United States as well as Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and India, and thrives in freshwater swamps, streambanks, and riparian areas with rocky crevices that provide strong footholds. Management methods for the plant include using herbicides, mechanical cutting, manual removal, or a combination of methods with disposal into landfills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential to manage wild taro waste using composting and to test the quality of the resulting compost. This study used ≈12 yard3 of wild taro mixed with food waste and regionally harvested wood chips to create ≈6 yard3 of cured compost. Oven propagule mortality tests determined wild taro propagules exposed to temperatures between 45 and 52 °C for a minimum of 3 days were killed. These temperatures were achieved during the active phase of the composting process. The final compost products created were of equal or higher quality to current compost standards. Therefore, this study determined composting and waste management industries can accept and incorporate wild taro as a feedstock to create a desirable compost product for application in the horticulture and agriculture fields rather than managing the species with herbicides and/or other disposal methods.
The Impact of Global Technology on Music Industry: The End of Copyright Regime
Authors: Hergianasari Putri , Rumaksari Atyanta Nika
Published: March 2019

On a global scale, the music industry is currently experiencing declining growth after a significant decline in profits. This phenomenon is common in the era of digital transformation. Based on the EU report (European Commission, 2017) that global technology is changing rapidly. This reflects the desire of humans to do more by finding opportunities to meet their needs. The internet is the starting point for why the global world is changing so fast. One example is the global economic sector. By using the internet, people can search for all digital entertainment content easily without filtering it out. Sharing files on the internet has a negative impact on the music industry's sales the old way. They demand the termination of sharing music through the internet such as Youtube. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of company-based file-sharing businesses in Indonesia. How the government takes advantage of this business and how the Indonesian music industry overcomes the effects of globalization
Islam, Kristen, dan Aruh: Agama Baru dan Perubahan Agroekosistem Peladang Dayak Loksado, Kalimantan
Authors: Soehadha Moh.
Published: March 2019

This article focuses on the influence of new religions (Islam and Christianity) to the changing of agroecosystem in Dayak Loksado. In line with the government policy in employing modern agricultural farming, spreading new religions (Islam and Christianity) have affected the changing of traditional farming to the modern one. This research aims to know the influence of religious conversion in an agroecosystem in Dayak Loksado and several influential factors and also the impact of that system. Using qualitative as an approach, the data are collected from in-depth interview focused on special region named Balai Padang, Malinau, Loksado. The result of this research shows that conversion to a new religion has changed agroecosystem in Dayak Loksado in terms of belief and practice for some people. Moreover, swidden cultivation or nomad agriculture has changed into a permanent one gradually. There are several influential factors decreasing of a local field for paddies and availability of field for rubbers and palms plantations.
Kompromi Islam dan Adat pada Praktik Keagamaan Muslim Bugis di Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Jubba Hasse , Rustan Ahmad Sultra , Juhansar Juhansar
Published: March 2019

This article explores the form of compromise between Islam and local tradition (adat) in the religious practices of Muslims in Bugis community in South Sulawesi. Islam is an integral part of Bugis lives and is positioned as the main reference so that it encourages Bugis community members to become more fanatic than others. However, in some cases, it is not uncommon for religious practices that have traditional nuances. In fact, the local tradition is in a position that exceeds the role of religion as reflected in the celebration of Islamic holidays. This condition allows the attraction between religion and local tradition to occur in the practice of everyday life of the Bugis community. The question is at what level do conflicts and compromises occur between local tradition and religion among the Bugis community? To answer this question, an investigation was carried out using qualitative methods that put forward and applying the techniques of participant observation and literature study. The results show that points of compromise were discovered where religion and local tradition complemented each other. The tendency to compromise Islam and local tradition is motivated by not only the low understanding of religion itself but also the desire to maintain the ancestral local traditions that have been practiced for a long time in their community. The compromise of Islam and local tradition in religious practices have resulted in the escape of their respective positions, and it makes the role of religion tends to weaken.
Pemilihan Sekolah Swasta Berbasis Agama dalam Perspektif Angst Society
Authors: Nurhadi Nurhadi
Published: March 2019

There has been a sharp increase of the number of parents sending their children to religious-based private schools, ranging from early childhood education to that of high school, since the past three decades. In addition to the urban and peri-urban population, this trend has also been extending that of rural, in which individual decision making is presumed to be also strongly influenced by, or at least takes account seriously consideration made by, extended family. This research focuses on how parents come up with the decision to send their children to religious-based private school. Applying social network analysis, this research aims at understanding and explaining the process of socialization, dissemination, and the fortification of ideas on the importance of sending children to the religious-based private school. The results of this research are: First, there is the certain dominant perception among parents that the community and society at-large in which parents and their families belong to pose threats to the growth of children and teenagers. Second, there are certain negative perceptions on public and non-religious-based schools. The teaching of religious, moral, and virtuous values are considered as insufficient.
Pemekaran Daerah dan Terbentuknya Kelas Menengah (Baru) Papua
Authors: Suryawan I Ngurah
Published: March 2019

This article discusses the impact of territorial expansion on the socio-political structure among Papuans. The strategic issue of socio-economic and cultural transformation that is driven through territory expansion becomes hampered when new Papuan elites take over resources. The formation of a new social class, namely the new Papuan elites provided enormous political economy benefits in the expansion of the region. Strategic political positions and access toward development projects are tempting income. The presence of the new Papuan middle class is an important phenomenon in the midst of various development efforts for the welfare of the Papuan. Applying ethnographic approach this study aims to examine the process of the formation of Papuan elites as an impact of the dynamics of regional expansion, as well as the habitus of the presence of elites and strategy practiced in the community level.
Perilaku Partisipasi Pemilih pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Kabupaten Kudus Tahun 2018
Authors: Mas'udi Mas'udi , Qodarsasi Umi , Dewi Nevy Rusmarina
Published: March 2019

The high voter's participation in the Regional Head Election of Kudus Regency in 2018 had importance to observe. Applying qualitative approach this research try to reveal the supporting factors underlying the participative behavior in the election. It was found in the research that: Firstly, the sociological factors, such as discussion, family opinion, organizational relations, friendship interaction, working sphere, religion, and gender of the candidates; Secondly, psychological factors, which refer more to identify the candidate identities as well as the party supporters; and thirdly, rational factors, in which voters understand the vision, mission, and the program of the candidates
Use of residence time distributions for design of aerobic waste treatment units
Authors: Silveston P. L.
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with a relatively new design method which may be useful for waste treatment installations. A residence time distribution (RTD) for the vessel or tank under consideration and an expression for degree of conversion or removal as a function of time are needed to employ this method.
Influence of mixed feeding rate in a conventional SBR on biological P-removal and granule stability while treating different industrial effluents
Authors: Stes Hannah , Aerts Sven , Caluwe Michel , D'aes Jolien , De Vleesschauwer Flinn , Dobbeleers Thomas , De Langhe Piet , Kiekens Filip , Dries Jan
Published: March 2019

In this study, the influence of the anaerobic mixed feeding rate on granule stability and reactor performance in a conventional sequencing batch reactor (C-SBR) was investigated while treating various industrial wastewaters. A laboratory-scale SBR fed with malting wastewater rich in phosphorus was operated for approximately 250 days, which was divided into two periods: (I) mixed pulse feed and (II) prolonged mixed feed. Initially, no bio-P activity was observed. However, by lowering the feeding rate biological P-removal was rapidly established and no effect on the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) characteristics was observed. Additionally, to investigate the effect of the mixed feeding rate when treating an industrial effluent with low phosphorus content, i.e. brewery wastewater, a laboratory-scale reactor was operated for approximately 400 days applying different mixed feeding rates. Morphological and molecular analysis indicated that a low substrate concentration promoted the enrichment of anaerobic carbon storing filaments when fed with brewery wastewater. Findings suggest that a prolonged mixed feeding regime can be used as a tool to easily establish bio-P removal in a C-SBR system for the treatment of phosphorus-rich wastewaters. It should however be considered that under P-limiting conditions, enrichment of poly-P storing filaments may occur, possibly due to their higher substrate affinity under anaerobic conditions.
Multifaceted Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Polyurethanes and its Composites
Authors: Desai Shivang K. , Bera Smritilekha , Mondal Dhananjoy
Published: March 2019

The primary aim of this article is to update many important synthetic pathways, properties and applications of the polyurethanes and its composites. Polyurethanes (PUs) are a special group of versatile materials with a great potential for different use in the development of modern, healthy and clean society, including its multifaceted use in the fields of construction and building related work, transportation, furniture and bedding, appliances, packaging, textiles, fibres, apparel, machinery and foundry, electronics, footwear, medical and so forth. Over the last 8-9 decades, several synthetic strategies of the diverse polyurethanes (PUs) are maturely designed and actively executed using various sustainable and non-sustainable methods for miscellaneous applications in different areas. The major advantages of the modern PUs are to impose desired properties in the materials pertinent to the field of work during their preparation by changing a different kind of monomers and additives. Briefly, this review summarizes the overall accounts, importance, synthetic approaches, properties, and miscellaneous applications in the desired scenario in details.
N-alkylated Tacrine Derivatives as Potential Agents in Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy
Authors: Nepovimova Eugenie , Korabecny Jan , Hepnarova Vendula , Jun Daniel , Dolezal Rafael , Muckova Lubica , Jost Petr , Soukup Ondrej , Janockova Jana , Pham Ngoc Lam , Nguyen Thuy Duong , Valis Martin , Kuca Kamil
Published: March 2019

Background:

Based on the prevalence studies, the number of people suffering from dementia will
almost double every 20 years, to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050, assuming no changes in mortality,
effective preventative measures, definitive diagnostic guidelines or curative treatment. From the abovementioned
epidemiological data, it is obvious that dementia constitutes a major public health problem not only
at present, but unfortunately also in the future.

Objectives and Methods:

Several N-alkylated tacrine (THA) derivatives have already been synthesized by
Pomponi et al., in 1997. However, these compounds were tested for their anti-AChE activity using enzyme
isolated from Electrophorus electricus. For this reason, we have decided to extend the previously reported series
of THA derivatives and consequently test them in the battery of experiments, the results of which have
served to more relevant evaluation of these compounds from the perspective of Alzeimer´s disease compared
to that published by Pomponi.

Results and Conclusion:

In summary, all compounds of interest effectively inhibited ChEs in vitro. One of
the most promising derivatives 8 bearing an N-octyl chain showed 2.5-fold higher AChE inhibitory activity in
relation to tacrine. With respect to blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, it can be claimed that synthesized
analogues are presumably able to cross the BBB. From the point of view of hepatotoxicity, selected Nalkylated
tacrine derivatives exerted worse results compared to tacrine. However, in vitro results are only illustrative,
therefore, only in vivo experiments could determine the real value of selected N-alkylated THA derivatives.