bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Actuation of Plate Structures by Piezoelectric Actuators Through Modal and Harmonic Analyses
Authors: Jaget Babu N. R.
Published: December 2023

The concept of intelligent structure or smart structure can be used for abatement or elimination of vibration of structures used in aerospace industry. Through active vibration control the performance of structures can be improved significantly. A three-dimensional finite element analysis of a cantilever plate with bonded piezoelectric actuators is carried out, with a view to seeking the optimal location of actuators on the plate. ANSYS software package, finite element program is used to carry out modal analysis and harmonic response analysis. The analysis points up the fact that active damping of structural vibration of the cantilever plate can be achieved by bonded piezoelectric actuators with optimal location.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PERIODISASI SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad , Arifin Moh. Samsul
Published: December 2023

Karakter berkaitan dengan teknis dan cara yang digunakan untuk menerapkan nilai-nilai kebaikan ke dalam sebuah tingkah laku maupun tindakan. Karakter diperoleh dari nilai-nilai atau pandangan seseorang yang diwujudkan ke dalam bentuk tingkah laku. Dalam menanamkan sebuah karakter pada peserta didik yang paling utama adalah lembaga pendidikan yang memberikan penanaman karakter serta akhlak kepada peserta didik dalam segenap aktivitasnya di lingkungan belajarnya. Meliputi pendidikan tata karma, disiplin, kerjakeras, sopan, santun, kejujuran serta memiliki rasa tanggung jawab seperti yang biasa diprankan oleh lembaga pendidikan madrasah. Pentingnya penguatan pendidikan berkarakter salah satu usaha dalam mengembangkan peserta didik sesuai dengan dalam nilai-nilai Pancasila sekaligus selaras dengan lingkungan dimana peserta didik tersebut berinteraksi.
DAMPAK MULTIMEDIA BAGI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Imron Moh Jamaluddin , Afandi Idris
Published: December 2023

Dalam pembelajaran, multimedia mempunyai peran yang penting dalam menentukan kualitas pendidikan. Oleh karena itu guru harus menggunakan metode dan media secara tepat untuk mengembangkan dan memfungsikan multimedia dalam pembelajaran agar guru tidak lagi dianggap sebagai pengajar yang mendominasi kegiatan pembelajaran. Guru harus menyajikan variasi-variasi bahan pelajaran dengan ditunjang multimedia, sehingga siswa dapat termotivasi, perhatian terhadap pembelajaran serta mampu bergerak cepat untuk mencapai informasi dari proses belajar mengajar.

Dalam  upaya  meningkatkan   kualitas  pendidikan,  maka diperlukan berbagai terobosan, baik dalam pengembangan kurikulum, inovasi pembelajaran, dan pemenuhan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan. Untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa, maka guru dituntut untuk membuat pembelajaran menjadi  lebih  inovatif yang mendorong siswa dapat belajar secara optimal, baik belajar mandiri maupun pembelajaran di kelas. Inovasi model-model pembelajaran sangat diperlukan dan sangat mendesak terutama dalam menghasilkan model pembelajaran baru yang dapat memberikan hasil belajar lebih baik, peningkatan efisiensi dan efektivitas pembelajaran menuju pembaharuan. Oleh karenanya, pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Multimedia mutlak diperlukan sebagai sarana dalam pembelajaran masa kini.
PERMAINAN KARTU KATA BERGAMBAR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN AWAL BELAJAR MEMBACA DI KELOMPOK B DI TK TARBIYATUL ATHFAL BRAGANG KLAMPIS
Authors: Afandi Idris , Hasanah Nur
Published: December 2023

Penerapan permainan kartu kata bergambar untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca di kelompok B di TK TARBIYATUL ATHFAL Peneliti ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui media kartu kata bergambar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca di kelas B. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kemampuan membaca permulaan masih tergolong rendah Rendahnya kemampuan awal membaca dilihat ketika guru melakukan proses pembelajaran membaca hanya beberapa anak yang bisa membaca dengan baik dan yang lain masih ada yang kesulitan dalam menyebutkan huruf. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab rendahnya kemampuan membaca permulaan di kelompok B di TK. TARBIYATUL-ATHFAL Desa Bragang Kecamatan Klampis Kabupaten Bangkalan. Metode yang digunakan ini adalah metode kualitatif melalui wawancara. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah adalah siswa kelas B di Tk Tarbiyatul Athfal Desa Bragang Kecamatan Klampis. dengan jumlah 15 anak Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendahnya membaca di kelompok B karena kurangnya media yang digunakan oleh guru untuk mengajarkan membaca permulaan.
KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN WACANA ARAB MELAYU MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM SULTHAN SYARIF HASYIM SIAK SRI INDRAPURA
Authors: Fauziah Indah , Rahmah Nadia , Yahfis El Firdausia , Faizah Hasnah
Published: December 2023

On the basis of a sense of responsibility and concern for the problem of ability in language skills and the lack of interest and motivation of students in studying Arabic Malay which is integrated with the Riau Malay Culture course which is only studied once during their study period, the researcher is sensitive and motivated to conduct research on one of the one language skill associated with Arabic-Malay teaching, namely the skill of reading comprehension of Arabic-Malay discourse. The problem in this study is how the ability to read and understand Arabic-Malay discourse of students of the Islamic Religious Education Study Program at the Islamic College of Sulthan Syarif Hasyim Siak Sri Indrapura. Researchers provide limitations on the ability to read comprehension, namely the ability to determine the four aspects of reading comprehension including: main ideas, explanatory ideas, messages/mandates, and conclusions in Arabic-Malay discourse. This study aims to determine and describe the ability to read Arabic-Malay discourse comprehension in the four aspects of reading comprehension. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a research sample of 30 students in the fifth semester of the Islamic Religious Education Study Program, Sulthan Syarif Hasyim Siak Sri Indrapura Islamic College for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. This sampling is known as a full sample or 100% of the total research population. The data collection technique used in this study was an objective test technique (multiple choice questions). Data analysis techniques by collecting test results, providing assessments according to the scoring reference, finding the percentage of each aspect of reading comprehension, and finding/calculating the average value. The results of the study concluded that the ability to read Arabic-Malay discourse varied, namely (1) the ability to determine main ideas was in the low category with an average of 25.00 (2) the ability to determine explanatory ideas was in the low category with an average of 26.67 (3) the ability to determine messages/mandates was in the low category with an average of 45.00 and (4) the ability to determine conclusions is in the low category with an average of 8.33. Overall, the ability to read and understand Arabic-Malay discourse among students of the Islamic Religious Education Study Program at the Islamic College of Sulthan Syarif Hasyim Siak Sri Indrapura is in the low category with an average of 26.25.
PENGARUH PEMBIASAAN SHALAT TAHAJUD TERHADAP KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL SANTRI PUTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN MAMBAUL HIKMAH DLANGGU MOJOKERTO
Authors: Ilmi Miftachul , Surya Fina
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegiatan sholat tahajud, tingkat kecerdasan spiritual dan juga bagaimana pengaruh sholat tahajud terhadap kecerdasan spiritual santri di Pesantren Mambaul Hikamah Dlanggu Mojokerto. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survey. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah angket, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan persentase, uji normalitas, uji normalitas, dan uji linieritas.

Pada penelitian ini terlihat bahwa pelaksanaan pembiasaan sholat Tahajud di Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Hikmah sudah cukup baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari persentase hasil kuesioner sebesar 42,6%. Sedangkan kecerdasan spiritual juga cukup baik, hal ini terlihat dari persentase hasil kuesioner sebesar 49,6%. Sedangkan nilai aktivitas sholat Tahajud yang mempengaruhi kecerdasan spiritual santri putri di Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Hikmah Dlanggu Mojokerto adalah terdapat pengaruh yang cukup baik antara aktivitas sholat Tahajud terhadap kecerdasan spiritual santri yang ditunjukkan dengan paparan data Koefisien diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Hal ini juga terlihat pada tabel Model Summary dengan nilai korelasi (R) sebesar 0,650. Dari output diperoleh koefisien determinasi (R Square) sebesar 0,422 yang berarti pengaruh variabel bebas (sholat tahajjud) terhadap variabel terikat (kecerdasan spiritual) sebesar 42,2%.
METODE MENGEMBANGKAN SPIRITUAL QUOTIENT (KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL) ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Afandi Idris
Published: December 2023

Kecerdasan spiritual merupakan salah satu jenis kecerdasan yang semakin banyak diakui pentingnya dalam pembentukan karakter anak. Kecerdasan spiritual berkaitan dengan kemampuan untuk mengembangkan hubungan dengan diri sendiri, orang lain, dan Tuhan atau kekuatan yang lebih besar. Dalam konteks pendidikan anak usia dini, penting untuk mengembangkan kecerdasan spiritual karena pada usia ini anak sedang mengembangkan konsep diri, emosi, dan moral yang akan membentuk pondasi kepribadian mereka di masa depan. Dalam artikel ini, akan dibahas metode-metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan kecerdasan spiritual anak usia dini. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan definisi kecerdasan spiritual dan mengapa penting untuk mengembangkannya pada anak usia dini. Selain itu, artikel ini juga akan membahas metode-metode yang efektif untuk mengembangkan kecerdasan spiritual pada anak usia dini, termasuk contoh-contoh aktivitas yang dapat dilakukan di rumah atau di sekolah. Metode-metode tersebut dapat meliputi mengenalkan anak pada nilai-nilai spiritual, memfasilitasi praktik meditasi atau refleksi, memberikan pengalaman yang merangsang rasa keterhubungan dengan alam atau makhluk hidup lainnya, dan lain sebagainya.
TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI (TIK) DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad , Arifin Moh. Samsul
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui lebih jauh pemanfaatan terhadap teknologi informasi dan komunikasi terkhusus dalam ranah pendidikan Islam. Pendidikan Islam telah menjadi fokus utama dalam banyak negara Islam di seluruh dunia. Dalam era digital ini, teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) memegang peran penting dalam pengembangan pendidikan Islam. Selain telah membawa banyak perubahan dalam sistem pendidikan Islam, mulai dari metode pembelajaran hingga pengelolaan administrasi. Artikel ini membahas tentang penggunaan TIK dalam pendidikan Islam, manfaatnya, dan bagaimana penggunaannya dapat mempertahankan nilai-nilai Islam. Pertama, penggunaan TIK dalam pendidikan Islam telah memungkinkan adanya pembelajaran jarak jauh. Dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh, guru dan siswa dapat berkomunikasi dengan menggunakan teknologi video conference. Metode ini sangat membantu bagi mereka yang tinggal jauh dari pusat pendidikan atau tidak memiliki kemampuan finansial untuk belajar di tempat yang jauh. Penggunaan TIK juga memungkinkan siswa untuk memiliki akses ke sumber daya pendidikan seperti buku, artikel, dan video secara online. Kedua, pengembangan aplikasi pendidikan Islam juga telah menjadi salah satu bentuk penggunaan TIK dalam pendidikan Islam. Aplikasi pendidikan Islam ini dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan siswa dalam mengakses materi-materi pelajaran atau kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Beberapa aplikasi pendidikan Islam juga menawarkan fitur interaktif yang dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami materi pelajaran dengan cara yang lebih menarik. Ketiga, penggunaan media sosial juga dapat membantu memperluas jangkauan pendidikan Islam. Banyak komunitas pendidikan Islam telah menggunakan media sosial sebagai platform untuk berbagi informasi dan mempromosikan kegiatan-kegiatan pendidikan.. Namun, perlu diingat bahwa penggunaan TIK dalam pendidikan Islam juga dapat menimbulkan risiko. Beberapa risiko tersebut adalah penyebaran informasi yang tidak akurat, konten negatif, atau penyalahgunaan teknologi. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mempertahankan nilai-nilai Islam dalam penggunaan TIK dalam pendidikan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan mengembangkan platform TIK yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam, serta mengedukasi siswa tentang penggunaan TIK yang bertanggung jawab dan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Penggunaan TIK juga perlu dipertimbangkan secara hati-hati untuk memastikan bahwa nilai-nilai Islam tetap terjaga. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan TIK dalam pendidikan Islam perlu dikembangkan secara bertanggung jawab.Top of Form Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pustaka atau yang disebut dengan “Library Research”, melihat pada sumber literatur, buku, catatan, lalu berbagai macam laporan lainnya yang mana ini berhubungan dengan permasalahan yang ingin diselesaikan atau dipecahkan. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu integrasi teknologi ini memiliki banyak sekali manfaat yang bisa dimanfaatkan maupun digunakan.
DEVELOPMENT OF ROLE PLAY METHOD TO IMPROVE THE ABILITY OF SPEAKING ARABIC IN ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Makrifah Nurul
Published: December 2023

Speaking  Arabic is very important to be mastered by students considering the importance of Arabic as the language of the Quran. However, in reality at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, students are not proficient in speaking Arabic. One of the factors is that the method used does not encourage speaking skills (takallam), therefore, it is necessary to develop an Arabic language method to improve speaking skills in MI students.This study aims to produce a design Arabic language method to improve speaking skills, describe the implementation of the Arabic role play method that has been developed to improve speaking skills, describe the effectiveness of developing Arabic language methods to improve speaking skills.This type of research is development research with reference to the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages, including the analyze, design, develop, implement, evaluate stages. The results of the study show that the design of the development of the Arabic roleplay method to improve speaking skills refers to the ADDIE development model, and is based on the principles of method development which include accuracy of coverage and accuracy of content, completeness of components, presentation of appropriate language and illustrations. Implementation of the roleplay method was carried out in 4 meetings in a limited trial, and 6 meetings in a large trial. The development of the Arabic roleplay method to improve speaking skills was declared effective by increasing students' speaking skills in the psychomotor aspect with an average pretest score of 73, and post-test of 91, with an increase in N-Gain of 0.66 in the medium category. From the cognitive aspect, the results of the pretest showed an average score of 68.5, a mean post-test score of 85.75 with an increase in N-Gain of 0.54 in the medium category.
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM SEBAGAI PILAR PEMBENTUKAN MORAL DAN ETIKA
Authors: Romlah Sitti , Rusdi Rusdi
Published: December 2023

Pendidikan Agama Islam memainkan peran yang vital dalam membentuk moral dan etika individu. Melalui pemahaman dan pengamalan ajaran agama Islam, pendidikan agama membangun kesadaran moral, memperkuat iman, dan memberikan panduan perilaku yang baik. Nilai-nilai seperti keadilan, kejujuran, kesopanan, kesabaran, dan kedermawanan diajarkan untuk membentuk karakter yang baik. Pendidikan agama Islam juga mengajarkan nilai-nilai universal, seperti menghormati dan menghargai sesama, serta menjaga lingkungan. Namun, pendidikan agama Islam juga menghadapi tantangan, seperti perubahan nilai dan norma sosial, perkembangan teknologi, dan perubahan generasi. Untuk mengatasinya, strategi-strategi seperti pengembangan kurikulum yang relevan, peningkatan kualitas pengajar, pemanfaatan teknologi dan media, kolaborasi dengan orang tua dan masyarakat, fleksibilitas dalam menghadapi tantangan kontekstual, serta pemantauan dan evaluasi berkelanjutan perlu diterapkan. Dengan demikian, pendidikan agama Islam menjadi pilar penting dalam pembentukan moral dan etika yang kuat pada individu Muslim.
Biometric Cryptosystem Based On Fingerprint Authentication And Cryptography Technique
Authors:   M, Tyagi Shivani , Kumar Manish , Singh Dharambeer , Tyagi Hariom
Published: December 2023

Biometric systems are one of the most reliable and popular techniques today and fingerprint authentication is one of the most reliable and robust biometric techniques due to its nature. The characteristics of fingerprints play a big and important role in the authentication of people. In this research, fingerprint authentication scheme consists of many stages: image enhancement, binarization, segmentation, spine thinning, detail extraction. In this authentication we use Gaussian filter for better result. Hybrid protection is created through a combination of biometrics and cryptography, such as fingerprint and cryptography schemes. The combination of many biometric features with a single crypto key should offer an approach to increase authenticity and reduce the fake acceptance rate (FAR) and fake rejection rate (FRR) of fingerprints. For each new user of a biometric system, the combination of a cryptobiometric system will overcome the limitations of accuracy and vulnerabilities. We want to protect our real data from unauthorized people and systems, so we use cryptographic schemes as Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman's key exchange algorithm. Biometric techniques can be used for various applications, such as:Biometrics can help make processes, transactions and everyday life safer and more convenient. You can use biometric data anywhere. to provide a valid identity solution. Cryptographic systems and fingerprint authentication have been identified as two of the most important aspects of the security environment. In this document, two powerful techniques are combined to produce better and safer results. In this study we use Gaussian Tyagi, S., Kumar, M., Singh, D. & Tyagi, H. (2023). IRJPMC; 1(1)– 27– filters, because less FAR and less FRR, with fingerprints authorized and finally authentication being a security key or a secure message created for a particular job . If the entered fingerprint matches the authorized person, but the DBA fingerprint does not, the system says "You are an unauthorized person, please try again." If the two fingerprints match, it will send all the secure passwords or cryptographic keys or secure messages for each work. It is developed by MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory). The proposed algorithm was tested on the FVC2004 database and compared with all participants in FVC2004. Keyword: Biometric systems, Fingerprint authentication, Image enhancement, Cryptography, Gaussian filter, FAR, and FRR.
Legal Consequence Towards An Authentic Act That Was Not Ready By Notary And Not Signed Jointly By The Parties Based On Law Of Notary
Authors: Utarid Wa Ode Rahmi
Published: December 2023

It is not uncommon for procedures to deviate from the stipulated statutory provisions in the process of creating an authentic deed, particularly concerning bank credit transactions. This pertains to the procedure of reading and signing legitimate deeds prepared by a Notary, notwithstanding the Notary's responsibility to recite the deed in front of an audience, with at least two witnesses, and to have it signed simultaneously by the parties involved, the witness, and the Notary. The goal of this study is to evaluate the legal repercussions and obligations of a notary when a deed is not read by the notary and is not signed jointly by the parties. The descriptive-analytic method with a normative juridical perspective was used in this research. The research results show that legal sanctions for a deed that is not read by a Notary and not jointly signed by the parties will have consequences for the deed, namely reducing the evidentiary value of the original deed to a deed made privately. So, the accountability sanctions can be imposed on notaries, such as reprimands, dismissals, temporary termination from membership, even sanctions for dismissal (onzetting), and also dishonorable dismissal from associations, this is of course based on the Notary Office Regulations and their responsibilities that have been stated in the Notary Code of Ethics.
Becoming Other: Cannibalistic Translation as Liminal Transformation
Authors: Young Jake
Published: December 2023

Combining the translation theory of Haroldo de Campos and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro’s analysis of Indigenous metaphysics, this essay argues that the metaphorical consumption or cannibalization of texts through translation highlights the role literary influences play in expanding and transforming global literary networks. An understanding of how translated texts consume the source text in the process of their transcreation reveals a rhizomatic exchange and circulation of literature that destabilize at once traditional power structures and conventional translation binaries that give precedence to questions of originality and fidelity. Specifically, attention to rhizomatic literary influences acknowledges the inherent power dynamics and inequalities within postcolonial literature. A cannibalistic view of translation brings into focus these implicit power imbalances while also offering translation as a means to subvert and transform language and cultural hierarchies. Cannibalistic translation recognizes translation as a liminal process of becoming other that transforms not only the source and target texts but also the translator, readers, and literary networks, a process that reverberates through the dialogical relations connecting them all. By drawing on Viveiros de Castro’s works on Indigenous Amazonian ontologies, this article demonstrates ways in which the cannibalistic translation theory of the de Campos brothers can continue to be refined.
Ethical Issues Arising in Humanitarian Work and Possible Responses to Them: Results from a Critical Literature Review
Authors: Côté Louis Pierre , Drolet Marie-Josée
Published: December 2023

Although humanitarian work is linked to ethical issues that are sometimes of concern, no review of the literature to date has described these issues and their possible responses. Following the method proposed by McCullough, Coverdale and Chervenak, a critical review of the literature was conducted to fill this gap in the existing literature. 83 articles were selected for analysis and a total of 25 units of meaning emerged, which were grouped into three broad categories of ethical issues: 1) subjective ethical experiences, 2) practical ethical problems, and 3) politics and power. In terms of possible responses to these issues, six articles propose responses that are either preventative or restorative in nature. In the end, although the corpus of texts studied is dominated by the often rich, sometimes anecdotal experiential experiences of field actors in humanitarian work, little empirical research has been conducted to date to identify the ethical issues related to this practice and the possible responses to them. Also, none of the proposed responses have been empirically tested to determine their relevance and effectiveness.
The role of citizens' social security in maintaining the national security of the Russian Federation
Authors: Semiannikova Dina Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2023

The subject of the study is the analysis of the dynamics of social security legislation in modern Russia, the development and reliability of which directly affects the internal stability and national security in the country. The author examines in detail the issue of increasing the role of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the social security of citizens on the example of recent events that have affected social stability within the country, such as the coronavirus infection and the conduct of a special military operation. The choice of subjects to whom social security is directed depends not only on subjective factors (low-income, disability, marital status, many children), but also on the geopolitical, economic situation and other factors. At the same time, the author assesses the trend of regionalization, given that social security is under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its regions. The author has identified the tendency of regionalization of social security legislation, which has positive and negative sides, reflecting on the level of social security of citizens. The author concluded that there should not be extremes in the form of passive adaptation of the regions or, on the contrary, their exclusive initiative in the social security of citizens. The initiative and participation of the subjects of the Russia today are key, while we should not forget about subjective factors (the speed of managerial decision-making, the quality of work of the system of authorities of the regions, the presence of necessary structures/organizations in it), taking into account which it is necessary to build a system of productive interaction, where the state assumes the main role. It is this approach to the legal regulation of social security of citizens that can ensure social security and preserve stability and security within the country.
Behavioral entrainment to rhythmic auditory stimulation can be modulated by tACS depending on the electrical stimulation field properties
Authors: Cabral-Calderin Yuranny , Hinsberg Daniela van , Thielscher Axel , Henry Molly J.
Published: December 2023

Synchronization between auditory stimuli and brain rhythms is beneficial for perception. In principle, auditory perception could be improved by facilitating neural entrainment to sounds via brain stimulation. However, high inter-individual variability of brain stimulation effects questions the usefulness of this approach. Here we aimed to modulate auditory perception by modulating neural entrainment to frequency modulated (FM) sounds using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). In addition, we evaluated the advantage of using tACS montages spatially optimized for each individual’s anatomy and functional data compared to a standard montage applied to all participants. Across two different sessions, 2-Hz tACS was applied targeting auditory brain regions. Concurrent with tACS, participants listened to FM stimuli with modulation rate matching the tACS frequency but with different phase lags relative to the tACS, and detected silent gaps embedded in the FM sound. We observed that tACS modulated the strength of behavioral entrainment to the FM sound in a phase-lag specific manner. Both the optimal tACS lag and the magnitude of the tACS effect were variable across participants and sessions. Inter-individual variability of tACS effects was best explained by the strength of the inward electric field, depending on the field focality and proximity to the target brain region. Although additional evidence is necessary, our results also provided suggestive insights that spatially optimizing the electrode montage could be a promising tool to reduce inter-individual variability of tACS effects. This work demonstrates that tACS effectively modulates entrainment to sounds depending on the optimality of the electric field. However, the lack of reliability on optimal tACS lags calls for caution when planning tACS experiments based on separate sessions.
Dual Recognition of Multiple Signals in Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins Enhance Assembly and Maintain Membrane Integrity
Authors: Germany Edward M. , Thewasano Nakajohn , Imai Kenichiro , Maruno Yuki , Bamert Rebecca S. , Stubenrauch Christopher J. , Dunstan Rhys A. , Ding Yue , Nakajima Yukari , Lai XiangFeng , Webb Chaille T. , Hidaka Kentaro , Tan Kher Shing , Shen Hsin-Hui , Lithgow Trevor , Shiota Takuya
Published: December 2023

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are essential components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. In terms of protein targeting and assembly, the current dogma holds that a “β-signal” imprinted in the final β-strand of the OMP engages the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM complex) to initiate membrane insertion and assembly of the OMP into the outer membrane. Here, we reveal an additional rule, that signals equivalent to the β-signal are repeated in other, internal β-strands within bacterial OMPs. The internal signal is needed to promote the efficiency of the assembly reaction of these OMPs. BamD, an essential subunit of the BAM complex, recognizes the internal signal and the β-signal, arranging several β-strands for rapid OMP assembly. The internal signal-BamD ordering system is not essential for bacterial viability but is necessary to retain the integrity of the outer membrane against antibiotics and other environmental insults.Bacterial outer membrane proteins are recognized and bound by BamD at specific signals located in multiple β-strands at the C-terminus of these proteins.
Determinants of Participation in Contract Farming among Smallholder Sorghum Farmers in Bondo Sub-County
Authors: Onyango Reinhard Bonnke , Lagat Job Kibiwot , Olwande John
Published: December 2023

Aims: This paper analyzed the socioeconomic and institution factors influencing participation in sorghum contract farming by smallholder farmers in Bondo, siaya county, Kenya. The study results are anticipated to encourage smallholder farmers to participate in sorghum commercialization rather than producing for subsistence.
Study Design:  The study applied quantitative research design to determine factors that influences participation in sorghum contract farming by smallholder farmers.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Bondo Siaya county Kenya. Targeted group were smallholder farmers producing sorghum either as contracted or non-contracted. The data was collected on sorghum production during 2020/2021 production year.
Methodology: A multistage sampling technique was used to sample 135 non-contracted and 105 contracted smallholder sorghum farmers for the study. The data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire which was pretest prior to actual data collection. Data collected was analyzed using t-statistics and chi-squire for the descriptive statistics. While econometric analysis applied logistic regression model to determine factors influencing smallholder farmers’ participation in sorghum contract farming.
Results: Findings revealed that post-primary education level (\(\beta\) = 0.215; P = 0.04) , age (\(\beta\) = 0.005; P = 0.00) , gender (\(\beta\) = 0.144; P = 0.02) , number of active household members (\(\beta\) = 0.090; P = 0.03) , group membership(\(\beta\) = 0.188; P = 0.00) , distance to the nearest main road in walking minutes (\(\beta\) = 0.021; P = 0.00) , ownership of bicycle (\(\beta\) = 0.210; P = 0.00) and ownership of oxen (\(\beta\) = 0.238; P = 0.00) positively influence participation in sorghum contract farming. In contrarily, distance to the nearest extension agent office negatively influence participation in sorghum contract farming (\(\beta\) = 0.004; P = 0.01) .
Conclusion: The results suggest the need to increase access to extension services, implement policies for empowering women and youths to engage in contract farming, sensitize farmers to form groups to enhance working collectively to acquire input and output market. National and county governments should invest in physical infrastructure, such as roads, to improve access to agricultural information on new interventions.
Sharia Hotel Marketing Management: Case Study at Sofyan Grand Kalimas Hotel and Namira Hotel in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mujib Abdul
Published: December 2023

Currently, the halal tourism business through sharia hotels is increasingly vibrant in the era of globalization in line with the large demand for domestic and foreign halal tourism markets. Islamic marketing is an important part in developing the halal industry in the hotel sector, in addition to sharia compliance in sharia hotels. The purpose of this research is to analyze sharia hotel marketing management: case studies at the Sofyan Grand Kalimas Hotel and Namira Hotel in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. This research uses a case study approach with a descriptive qualitative research type. The research results show that sharia hotel marketing management instills religious values by emphasizing norms, attitudes and behavior by applying Islamic principles, Islamic practices, Islamic rules and Islamic beliefs, both internal and external management. Internal marketing as a differentiator from conventional hotels adds the variable Islamic atmosphere and externally adds Islamic brotherhood. Then, to improve marketing, hotel management must build relationships and collaborate with stakeholders, including the government, institutions, Islamic mass organizations which are marketing targets.
Evaluating Field Pea Genotypes for Resistance against Key Insect Pests
Authors: Chouhan Bhavna , Vishwakarma Deepali , Singh Sanju , Soneshwar Shreya , Bajya Rajkumar , Kumar Kailash , Bhowmick A. K.
Published: December 2023

In the rabi season of 2020-21, a field trial was executed at the Breeder Seed Production Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur, M.P., aimed at assessing the resistance of 71 field pea genotypes against Aphid, Leaf hopper, and Gram pod Borer. Through weekly observations and subsequent statistical analysis, genotypes were categorized into distinct resistance groups. Prominent findings revealed that JP-180, Matar Rangpur, and Aman 1-206 exhibited high resistance to aphids and pod borers. Additionally, Kashi Samriddhi, JP-180, and Matar Rangpur demonstrated resistance to leafhoppers. Conversely, B-22, DDR-39, and KPMR-485 displayed high susceptibility to Aphids, while Batri patiram, VL-3, and VL-3 were highly susceptible to Gram pod borer. KPMR-485, VL-3, and VL-1 were found to be susceptible to both Aphid and Gram pod borer. The study further revealed that the genotype KPMR-485 achieved the highest pea yield, closely followed by Jayanti and IPF-99-25. In contrast, Safed Batra Gudda, Matar Rangpur, and Aman 1-206 exhibited the minimum yield. These findings provide valuable insights into the resistance patterns of field pea genotypes, aiding in the selection of cultivars with enhanced resistance and productivity for sustainable agricultural practices.
Haemodynamic Changes in the Extracranial Carotid Vessels in Acute Ischemic Strokes of Various Etiologies
Authors: Raupovna Ochilova Khilola , Kholikovich Khushnazarov Hasan
Published: December 2023

The complexity and multifactorial nature of the development of ischemic strokes necessitate a comprehensive study of some aspects of their pathogeneses.

The purpose of the study was to examine the patterns of extracranial cerebral blood vessel hemodynamics in acute ischemic strokes: - cardioembolic, atherosclerotic, and lacunar infarctions. Material and methods: we examined 90 patients with ischemic strokes of cerebral hemispheric localization, of which 25 (27.5%) had a cardioembolic stroke, 35 (38.9%) had a stroke of atherosclerotic origin, and 30 (33%) had a lacunar stroke. Thirty (30) examined people made up the control group. Results: the main neurological manifestations of hemispheric ischemic stroke were characterized by the predominance of focal symptoms: central paresis of the 7th and 12th nerves, the presence of mono-, hemiparesis or hemiplegia, the appearance of pathological reflexes, reflexes of oral automatism, combined with sensory disorders in the form of superficial or total mono and hemianesthesia. In patients with lacunar stroke, signs of diffuse vasospasm of the BCV (brachiocephalic vessels) predominated (83.29%), ipsilateral to the affected hemisphere with an increase in the level of blood flow velocity (BFV) and intima media complex (IMC), as well as the level of peripheral resistance and vascular tone. Hemodynamically significant signs of stenosis were detected in 6.58% of this group. Conclusion: the results of the studies indicate that strokes of cardioembolic and atherosclerotic origins are associated with significant haemodynamic changes and in lacunar stroke, thechanges are surprisingly significant. Therefore, there is a  need to put this into consideration while treating acute ischaemic strokes.
Evaluation of the Histomorphology of Small Intestine of Wistar Rats Exposed to Eliozu Dumpsite Leachate
Authors: Iyke Weleh I, , Dede Siyeofori , Tonye Onoja Joy
Published: December 2023

This study is aimed to evaluate the histomorphology of small intestine of Wistar rats exposed to Eliozu dumpsite leachate. The toxic effect of Eliozu dumpsite leachate has been studied, where the researcher has identified that the leachate has toxicological effects on some organ tissues like the blood, reproductive tracts and hormones, oxidative stress parameters and the cerebral cortex. Twenty-five female Wistar rats weighing between 120-140 g were obtained from the animal house unit of Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The rats were randomly assigned into five groups of five (5) rats in each group. Group 1 served as a control and orally received 1 ml of bottled water; group 2 orally received 1 ml of water from a borehole close to the dumpsite. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received 1 ml of 10%, 50%, and 100% leachate concentrations orally for 30 days. In the present study, an alteration in the histoarchitecture of the small intestine of the Eliozu dumpsite leachate treated animals was observed; the small intestine of the control group has shown normal intestinal histoarchitecture. The mucosa forms a series of finger-like villi, each showing lamina propria, blood capillaries etc. the simple columnar mucosal epithelium contains absorptive goblets cells, crypts of Liberkuhn in the mucosa and Brunner’s glands. It is concluded that exposure to the Eliozu dumpsite leachate and the consumption of the nearby borehole water with significant heavy metals and microorganism have caused the histopathological alterations in gastrointestinal tracts (small intestines) of animals and it is recommend that Government and environmental regulatory agencies find an ecofriendly method to treat Eliozu dumpsite leachate.
What Are Bedbugs?
Authors: Voelker Rebecca
Published: January 2025

This JAMA Patient Page describes bedbug infestation and bedbug eradication and prevention measures.
Match Day
Authors: Cohen Cerrone
Published: January 2025

In this narrative medicine essay, a primary care physician-psychiatrist offers a prayer to save his son who needs a heart transplant and to comfort the donor family who are still unaware that they will experience a lifetime of pain and loss.
Health Policy Challenges for 2025 and Beyond
Authors: Chen Lanhee J.
Published: January 2025

This JAMA Forum discusses potential changes to tax policy and health care, the upcoming expiration of enhanced subsidies through the Affordable Care Act, and physician payments and prescription drug pricing rules in Medicare.
Procedural Prescription Denials and Risk of Acute Care Utilization and Spending Among Medicaid Patients
Authors: Muralidharan Bhairavi , Basu Sanjay , Tingen Jeffrey , Patel Sadiq Y.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Rising prescription medication costs under Medicaid have led to increased procedural prescription denials by health plans. The effect of unresolved denials on chronic condition exacerbation and subsequent acute care utilization remains unclear.

Objective

To examine whether procedural prescription denials are associated with increased net spending through downstream acute care utilization among Medicaid patients not obtaining prescribed medication following a denial.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used Medicaid claims data from 2022 to 2023 for patients at inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy sites of care across 2 states (Virginia and Washington) and 2 independent health plans. Patients with at least 1 prescription denial in the study period (January 1 through July 31, 2023) were matched to those without denials in a given medication class, based on demographics, health plan data, chronic condition history, and health care utilization. Rates of and spending for physiologically related acute care visits in the 60 days following a medication fill or denial were compared for the study period.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were all-cause acute care utilization and total medical spending (in 2023 US dollars per member per year [PMPY]) for principal diagnoses physiologically related to each medication class, in the 60 days following a medication fill or denial. Sensitivity analyses were performed to check for spurious associations or unmeasured confounders.

Results

The 19 725 patients in this study had a median age of 41 (IQR, 29-55) years, and most (60.7%) were female. Patients had a mean (SD) of 3.3 (16.1) comorbidities, 1.0 (2.6) all-cause acute care visits, and 5.6 (7.8) primary care visits during the baseline period. Patients experiencing specific procedural prescription denials had a higher risk of physiologically related emergency department visits and hospitalizations compared with those without a denial in the subsequent 60 days (adjusted odds ratio, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.03-1.88] minimum vs 1.75 [95% CI, 1.39-2.20] maximum for exposure and control groups across the 7 medication classes with significant differences). Denials in 6 medication classes were associated with net total medical spending increases, ranging from $624 (95% CI, $435-$813) to $3016 (95% CI, $1483-$4550) in additional expense PMPY after accounting for both prescription and medical costs attributed to denials.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that although procedural prescription denials aimed to curb immediate drug costs, some denials prompted heightened acute care utilization and costs that outweighed the short-term prescription budget savings. Health plans should incorporate this potential unintended consequence when shaping prescription coverage policies. Future research should systematically review all medication classes across plans nationally.
Salt and Nutritional Content of Foods Advertised During Televised Professional Football Games
Authors: Al-Zoubaidi Lara , Vinsdata Nadya , Heidel R. Eric , Hauptman Paul J.
Published: January 2025

This cross-sectional study assesses the nutritional content of foods advertised during televised professional football games.
Antidepressant Use Before, During, and After Pregnancy
Authors: Boone Claire , Colina Carla , Pope Devin
Published: January 2025

This cohort study investigates rates of antidepressant use among women 24 months before and after the birth of a child.
Transportation Insecurity, Social Support, and Adherence to Cancer Screening
Authors: Pohl Alexa L. , Aderonmu Aderinsola A. , Grab Joshua D. , Cohen-Tigor Leora A. , Morris Arden M.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Transportation insecurity and lack of social support are 2 understudied social determinants of health that contribute to excess morbidity, mortality, and acute health care utilization. However, whether and how these social determinants of health are associated with cancer screening has not been determined and has implications for preventive care.

Objective

To determine whether transportation insecurity or social support are associated with screening adherence for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from the publicly available 2018 in-person National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) comprising a noninstitutionalized, civilian adult population of the United States. Participants included adults eligible for colorectal, breast, or cervical cancer screening who participated in the in-depth NHIS interview (1 selected per household). Data were acquired in December 2023 and analyzed through July 31, 2024.

Exposures

Transportation insecurity, represented dichotomously as adults who reported that they have or have not delayed medical care in the past year due to transportation difficulties, and neighborhood social support, represented as factor scores derived from 4 Likert-type questions.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was adherence to the US Preventive Services Task Force screening recommendations in place during 2018 for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer.

Results

In 2018, of 25 417 NHIS respondents (55% female), 660 (3%) reported delaying medical care because they did not have transportation. In fully adjusted models, transportation insecurity was associated with adherence to breast cancer screening (odds ratio [OR], 0.59 [95% CI, 0.40-0.86]) but not to colorectal (OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.65-1.15]) or cervical (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.46-1.13) cancer screening. Social support was associated with colorectal (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06-1.17]) and breast (OR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.05-1.22]) cancer screening but not with cervical cancer screening (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.93-1.10]). There were no significant interactions between transportation insecurity and social support for any cancer screening.

Conclusions and Relevance

The presence of transportation insecurity was associated with a 41% reduction in the odds of breast cancer screening. Clinicians should consider screening for transportation needs at the time of mammography referral, as patients may be eligible for programs that can assist with medical transportation needs.
Urinary DNA Methylation Test for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Jeong In Gab , Yun Sung-Cheol , Ha Hong Koo , Kang Sung Gu , Lee Sangchul , Park Sungchan , Sung Hyun Hwan , Kim Sun Il , Hwang Eu Chang , Moon Kyung Cheol , Kwak Cheol
Published: January 2025

Importance

An accurate noninvasive biomarker test is needed for the early diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Objective

To evaluate the performance of a urinary DNA methylation test (PENK methylation) and compare its diagnostic accuracy with that of the nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) test or urine cytology test.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this prospective multicenter study at 10 sites in the Republic of Korea, individuals 40 years and older with hematuria undergoing cystoscopy within 3 months between March 11, 2022, and May 30, 2024, participated. The study participants were evaluated for bladder cancer using a urinary DNA methylation test.

Exposure

Urinary DNA methylation test, NMP22 test, and urine cytology test.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were the sensitivity and specificity of the urinary DNA methylation test for high-grade or invasive bladder cancer. Secondary objectives included the accuracy of the test for overall bladder cancer (all stages and grades) and the comparison of sensitivities and specificities for bladder cancer between the urinary DNA methylation test and the NMP22 test or urine cytology test.

Results

Among the 1099 participants, 614 (55.9%) were male; participants had a mean (SD) age of 65 (10) years. Of the 1099 participants, 219 and 176 participants had bladder cancer and high-grade or invasive bladder cancer, respectively. The urinary DNA methylation test had sensitivity and specificity for high-grade or invasive bladder cancer of 89.2% (95% CI, 84.6%-93.8%) and 87.8% (95% CI, 85.6%-89.9%), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for overall bladder cancer were 78.1% (95% CI, 72.6%-83.6%) and 88.8% (95% CI, 86.7%-90.8%), respectively. The positive predictive value for high-grade or invasive bladder cancer was 61.3% (95% CI, 55.4%-67.3%), and the negative predictive value was 97.6% (95% CI, 96.6%-98.7%). In comparison with the NMP22 test or urine cytology test, the urinary DNA methylation test showed significantly superior sensitivity for high-grade or invasive bladder cancer and overall bladder cancer.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prospective multicenter study of individuals with hematuria, the urinary DNA methylation test showed 89% sensitivity for detecting high-grade or invasive bladder cancer, outperforming the NMP22 test or urine cytology test with high specificity. While this test had an excellent negative predictive value, its positive predictive value was suboptimal.