bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decision-Making Performance in Smart Companies Driven by Market-Driven Technological Innovations: Do Management Accounting Artifacts Matter?
Authors: Oliveira Selma , Mastronardi Antônio , Oliveira Arhtur
Published: June 2022

This research aims to examine the relationship between management accounting artifacts and decision performance in market-driven innovation environments. Through a systematic review, sixty-nine artifacts were identified. For better organization and understanding, five groups were formed: Methods and Costing Systems; Philosophy and Management Models; Business Strategy and Monitoring; Programming and Control; and Methods of Measurement, Evaluation and Performance Measures. Using a scalar judgment matrix, a survey was applied to professionals involved in the decision-making process in smart multinational companies in Brazil. The findings indicated a substantial effect of artifacts on decision-making performance, with emphasis on the Programming and Control group. This research is original and has implications for management practice and academics.
Public Transport Management in Smart Environmental Protection – Case Study of Subotica, Serbia
Authors: Sedlak Otilija , Stojić Dragan , Fazekaš Tibor , Horvat Marcikić Aleksandra , Stojanović Suzana , Radovanov Boris
Published: June 2022

Energy consumption of transport sector in Serbia is estimated at 32% of final national energy consumption. The road transport consumes approximately three quarters. This consumption produced a poor quality of life, which means that it caused a real deterioration of public health through increase of respiratory diseases and the worsening of cancer risks, etc. Moreover, according to the National Agency of Environmental Protection, the traffic of Serbian public transport would be responsible for at least 42% of the emissions of CO, NOX and PM.
Perspective Leader - Follower: Situational Theory of Leadership
Authors: Marić Slobodan , Rodić Marijana , Strugar Jelača Maja , Bjekić Radmila
Published: June 2022

Traditional theories of leadership are limited in themselves by the possibility of exploring influences on the leader-follower relationship. This perspective changes completely with situational models of leadership. Based on Situational Leadership Theory (SLT) such as the Hersey and Blanchard leadership model, the optimal leadership style depends on a number of factors and situations. Within this theory, a leader behavior is determined by situational factors including psychological maturity, general motivational attitudes of followers, and professional maturity. In the examination of the mentioned factors, research was conducted on a sample that has the characteristics of a random sample of the final basic set, where a sample plan with repetition and a known sampling probability is present. A sample of size n = 100, with a size of 0.10, was formed on the basis of the list of 100 largest companies in the Republic of Serbia in 2019. The research used situational leadership measures developed by Hersey and Blanchard in the form of the LEAD Other Scale and Readiness Scale - Staff Member Rating Scale to achieve the objectives of the research in determining the differences between (in) matching leadership style and employee maturity from the aspect of LeadScore. The results of the research fully confirm the Hersey and Blanchard Situational Theory of Leadership.
The Analysis of Greenfield FDI and Economic Growth in Western Balkans and Visegrad States
Authors: Ercegovac Dajana , Beker Pucar Emilija
Published: June 2022

The aim of this research is to identify a correlation link between Greenfield FDI inflows and GDP growth rate in Western Balkan countries compared to the Visegrad States in order to give relevant implications towards sustainable economic development in less developed countries of Western Balkans. The authors present descriptive analysis together with correlation analysis for the Western Balkans and the Visegrad States in the time period 2003-2020. This research analyzes data in regard to the structural break of the Global Financial Crisis and pandemic of corona virus. Government recommendations are directed in further improvements in the quality of public institutions, incentive measures and investment environment in order to attract favorable greenfield FDI investments and accelerate real convergence towards developed European economies.
The Choice of Studying Digital Marketing in the Context of Students' Ability Factors
Authors: Djokic Nenad , Đokić Ines , Milićević Nikola
Published: June 2022

In explaining the students’ choice of study programs, different authors rely on different determinants. One summary of those researches indicates that these determinants can be divided into personal, social, and ability factors. Within the possibilities factor, the emphasis is on student achievement and academic self-efficacy. Starting from the above considerations, the subject of this paper is the choice of studying Digital Marketing in the context of students’ ability factors. A convenience sample was used in the primary research. The students of bachelor studies at the Faculty of Economics in Subotica, which within the offer master study programs offers Digital marketing starting from the school year 2021/22, were interviewed. The survey was conducted in June 2021 and included a total of 89 respondents. Students’ academic achievements are measured through the categories of average grades during their studies and the number of points on the entrance exam, while academic self-efficacy is measured through the respondents' perception of how well they can master individual subjects of the master's study program. Academic self-efficacy was analyzed in the context of the gender of the respondents, their studies’ funding status, the standard of living, employment during their studies so far, as well as internships in the subject of master studies. The dependent variable was the stated intention to enroll in the study program. In addition to descriptive statistics, appropriate tests of differences/relationships were used, which in some relations are characterized by statistical significance. In addition to the academic contribution, work can also have managerial implications.
Accelerating the Best Trail Search on AES-Like Ciphers
Authors: Kim Seonggyeom , Hong Deukjo , Sung Jaechul , Hong Seokhie
Published: June 2022

In this study, we accelerate Matsui’s search algorithm to search for the best differential and linear trails of AES-like ciphers. Our acceleration points are twofold. The first exploits the structure and branch number of an AES-like round function to apply strict pruning conditions to Matsui’s search algorithm. The second employs permutation characteristics in trail search to reduce the inputs that need to be analyzed. We demonstrate the optimization of the search algorithm by obtaining the best differential and linear trails of existing block ciphers: AES, LED, MIDORI-64, CRAFT, SKINNY, PRESENT, and GIFT. In particular, our search program finds the fullround best differential and linear trails of GIFT-64 (in approx. 1 s and 10 s) and GIFT-128 (in approx. 89 h and 452 h), respectively.For a more in-depth application, we leverage the acceleration to investigate the optimal DC/LC resistance that GIFT-variants, called BOGI-based ciphers, can achieve. To this end, we identify all the BOGI-based ciphers and reduce them into 41,472 representatives. Deriving 16-, 32-, 64-, and 128-bit BOGI-based ciphers from the representatives, we obtain their best trails until 15, 15, 13, and 11 rounds, respectively. The investigation shows that 12 rounds are the minimum threshold for a 64-bit BOGIbased cipher to prevent efficient trails for DC/LC, whereas GIFT-64 requires 14 rounds. Moreover, it is shown that GIFT can provide better resistance by only replacing the existing bit permutation. Specifically, the bit permutation variants of GIFT-64 and GIFT-128 require fewer rounds, one and two, respectively, to prevent efficient differential and linear trails.
Vectorial Decoding Algorithm for Fast Correlation Attack and Its Applications to Stream Cipher Grain-128a
Authors: Zhou Zhaocun , Feng Dengguo , Zhang Bin
Published: June 2022

Fast correlation attack, pioneered by Meier and Staffelbach, is an important cryptanalysis tool for LFSR-based stream cipher, which exploits the correlation between the LFSR state and key stream and targets at recovering the initial state of LFSR via a decoding algorithm. In this paper, we develop a vectorial decoding algorithm for fast correlation attack, which is a natural generalization of the original binary approach. Our approach benefits from the contributions of all correlations in a subspace. We propose two novel criteria to improve the iterative decoding algorithm. We also give some cryptographic properties of the new FCA which allows us to estimate the efficiency and complexity bounds. Furthermore, we apply this technique to the well-analyzed stream cipher Grain-128a. Based on a hypothesis, an interesting result for its security bound is deduced from the perspective of iterative decoding. Our analysis reveals the potential vulnerability for LFSRs over matrix ring and also for nonlinear functions with biased multidimensional linear approximations such as Grain-128a.
On the Quantum Security of OCB
Authors: Maram Varun , Masny Daniel , Patranabis Sikhar , Raghuraman Srinivasan
Published: June 2022

The OCB mode of operation for block ciphers has three variants, OCB1, OCB2 and OCB3. OCB1 and OCB3 can be used as secure authenticated encryption schemes whereas OCB2 has been shown to be classically insecure (Inoue et al., Crypto 2019). Even further, in the presence of quantum queries to the encryption functionality, a series of works by Kaplan et al. (Crypto 2016), Bhaumik et al. (Asiacrypt 2021) and Bonnetain et al. (Asiacrypt 2021) have shown how to break the unforgeability of the OCB modes. However, these works did not consider the confidentiality of OCB in the presence of quantum queries.We fill this gap by presenting the first formal analysis of the IND-qCPA security of OCB. In particular, we show the first attacks breaking the IND-qCPA security of the OCB modes. Surprisingly, we are able to prove that OCB2 is IND-qCPA secure when used without associated data, while relying on the assumption that the underlying block cipher is a quantum-secure pseudorandom permutation. Additionally, we present new quantum attacks breaking the universal unforgeability of OCB. Our analysis of OCB has implications for the post-quantum security of XTS, a well-known disk encryption standard, that was considered but mostly left open by Anand et al. (PQCrypto 2016).
Improved MITM Cryptanalysis on Streebog
Authors: Hua Jialiang , Dong Xiaoyang , Sun Siwei , Zhang Zhiyu , Hu Lei , Wang Xiaoyun
Published: June 2022

At ASIACRYPT 2012, Sasaki et al. introduced the guess-and-determine approach to extend the meet-in-the-middle (MITM) preimage attack. At CRYPTO 2021, Dong et al. proposed a technique to derive the solution spaces of nonlinear constrained neutral words in the MITM preimage attack. In this paper, we try to combine these two techniques to further improve the MITM preimage attacks. Based on the previous MILP-based automatic tools for MITM attacks, we introduce new constraints due to the combination of guess-and-determine and nonlinearly constrained neutral words to build a new automatic model.As a proof of work, we apply it to the Russian national standard hash function Streebog, which is also an ISO standard. We find the first 8.5-round preimage attack on Streebog-512 compression function and the first 7.5-round preimage attack on Streebog-256 compression function. In addition, we give the 8.5-round preimage attack on Streebog-512 hash function. Our attacks extend the best previous attacks by one round. We also improve the time complexity of the 7.5-round preimage attack on Streebog-512 hash function and 6.5-round preimage attack on Streebog-256 hash function.
An Intelligent Realtime Traffic Control Based on Vehicle
Density
Authors: Manish Kumar Singh Manish Kumar Singh , Krishna Deep Mishra Krishna Deep Mishra , Subrata Sahana Subrata Sahana
Published: June 2022

These days traffic congestion is becoming a
serious problem. Roads and streets are getting over
crowded, mainly in large cities leading to long vehicle
queue, long hour of traffic on daily basis. This can
evoke the day-to-day travellers to violate or break the
traffic rules which can sometimes lead to accidents.
Controlling and managing traffic system is the most
demanding work in present days and the tradition
traffic system cannot manage it efficiently. Nowadays
worldwide in many big cities Intelligent system is been
used for traffic surveillance and controlling. Therefore,
we proposed a traffic control and management system
which will detect the movement of vehicles, identify,
track and count the numbers of vehicles in the lane by
analysing a real-time live video feed form the camera
with the help of computer vision and after detecting,
classifying and counting the numbers of vehicle on a
specific lane it will control traffic light according to the
set threshold value, threshold value will be based on two
criteria one is the density count of the lane and other is
priority of that lane. This is done by using OpenCV and
(YOLOV3) You Only Look Once real-time object
detection algorithm based on CNN (Convolutional
Neural Network).
Ciudadanía, violencia y ocupación en América Latina. Escenarios en el siglo XXI
Authors: Alejandre Ramos Gonzalo
Published: June 2022

Por su origen colonial, la ciudadanía en los países de América Latina presenta un escenario dual. Por un lado, la población de origen colonial y europeo y por otro, la población mestiza e indígena, son al menos dos realidades, dos visiones de mundo polarizadas que en la práctica han superado el anacronismo del modelo de ciudadanía propuesto por T.H. Marshall inspirado en la realidad inglesa de la industrialización. Ello devela que los países de América Latina enfrentan históricamente serias dificultades para transitar a la modernización y al progreso. Ante este escenario aquí analizamos las diferentes condiciones de vida y visiones del mundo a fin de explicar los obstáculos a la formación de ciudadanía en estos países. El análisis se hace a partir de las ocupaciones que se correlacionan en espacios comunes, en los cuales se producen distintas formas de violencia motivadas por posturas ideológicas como las guerrillas de las décadas de los 60,70 y 80 del siglo XX como ejemplo la Revolución Cubana. Hoy prevalece la “violencia común” carente de motivos ideológicos. Las ocupaciones y las violencias han dejado de lado los fines ideológicos, empero ellas constituyen los escenarios de América Latina en el siglo XXI. Metodológicamente se tomaron como base de análisis los datos sobre violencia y ocupaciones del BID, de la CEPAL y de la OCDE. Se concluye que las nuevas condiciones de las violencias y las ocupaciones constituyen los elementos formadores de una ciudadanía de supervivencia que juega a la democracia lectoral o migra como recurso de última instancia.
Формирование культурно-духовных ценностей в Азербайджане как следствие политики «Мягкой силы»
Authors: Нагиев Орхан Гадироглу
Published: June 2022

The domestic policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan is based on the use of soft power. On the basis of this policy, the promotion and promotion of spiritual and cultural values is carried out as its special direction. Cultural diplomacy, the main instrument of soft power politics, characterized as a form of cultural struggle, is the basis of the ethics of peaceful coexistence. The only way to avoid controlled conflicts and wars is to expand the influence of cultural and spiritual values as a tool of "soft power" in diplomacy. The Azerbaijani government knows that the most powerful technologies and weapons of the 21st century are helpless before the influence created through cultural diplomacy, and carry out extensive activities to preserve, popularize and promote the national and spiritual values of our people.
Influența tehnologiilor digitale asupra dezvoltării competenței de comunicare la studenți
Authors: Popovici Ilona
Published: June 2022

The article presents the impact of digital technologies on the development of communication competence in students. The conclusions are supported by a pedagogical experiment on a sample of 266 students from 4 universities in the Republic of Moldova. The following were used as tools for organization and experimental analysis: the KOS-1 method, the parametric t-Student test and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. It has been found that the use of digital technologies in the process of developing communication competence in students increases the level of possession of this competence. Thus, digital technologies: facilitate and intensify communication, especially for shy, lonely and/or disabled individuals; maintain continuous interaction between interlocutors; amplifies collaboration; increases the motivation for human interaction; expands the area of communication; reduces prejudice; removes most communication barriers; contributes to the simplification of language; increases the speed of sending and receiving messages; offers the option of free communication with the interlocutor through total individual control (initiation, maintenance, stopping); cultivate self-confidence; reduces communication failures.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY OF COMBINED TREATMENT WITH KETOCONAZOLE 2% CREAM AND ADAPALENE 0.1% GEL VS. KETOCONAZOLE 2% CREAM MONOTHERAPY IN PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR
Authors: Hameed Sadia , Paracha Mohammad Majid , Sagheer Farah , Khan Abdul Qayum , Noor Sahibzada Mahmood
Published: June 2022

Background: Pityriasis Versicolor (PV) is an infection of the superficial layers of skin caused by Malassezia yeasts.  It is a non-contagious disease characterized by hypo and hyperpigmented macules on the body. Up to 40% of people face itching, decreased quality of life, social stigmatization, and embarrassment due to the lesions. Adapalene with Ketoconazole provides an efficient option for PV patients due to better toxicity profile and rapid action on the lesions.

Objective: Comparison of efficacy of combined therapy with Ketoconazole 2% cream and adapalene 1% gel against Ketoconazole 2% cream monotherapy in Pityriasis Versicolor.

Methods: Total 90 patients (45 in each group) were included in the study. Group-A was treated with combination of Ketoconazole 2% cream &  adapalene 1% gel while group-B was given Ketoconazole 2% cream monotherapy. Study design was randomized controlled trial and SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 24.3±4.3 and 23.3±3.9 years in group-A and B, respectively. There were 30 males (66.7%) & 15 females (33.3%) in group-A while 35 males (77.8%) and 10 females (22.2%) in group-B. Mean duration of disease was 2.0±0.9 months in group-A & 2.3±1.2 months in group-B.The efficacy of combined therapy   with Ketoconazole 2% cream & adapalene 1% gel was found to be better when compared with Ketoconazole 2% cream monotherapy in Pityriasis Versicolor. Difference between two groups (p=0.011) was statistically significant.

Conclusion: It was concluded that adapalene 0.1% gel & ketoconazole 2% cream in combination is more effective than ketoconazole 2% cream monotherapy in the treatment of PV.

Recommendation: It is recommended to use a combination of adapalene 0.1% gel & ketoconazole 2% cream than ketoconazole 2% cream monotherapy in the treatment of PV.
Modelling of Piling Technology by Vibroimpact Device with Hydropulse Drive
Authors: Ivanchuk Yaroslav , Manzhilevskyy Oleksandr , Belzetskyi Ruslan , Zamkovyi Oleksandr , Pavlovych Roman
Published: June 2022

Based on the analysis of the developed mathematical model, this paper proposes optimal operating modes of the vibroimpact device to ensure the intensification of driving construction piles. It is an original design of a modern, highly efficient device for driving construction piles, equipped with a compact, powerful hydraulic impulse drive unit. To develop a mathematical model of the construction pile driving technology, the following methods were used: mechanoreological phenomenology, hydrodynamics, and generalised laws of mechanics. Mathematical models of the dynamics of technological processes of driving construction piles with a vibroimpact device are improved based on a hydraulic impulse drive unit in the form of a spatial non-stationary formulation of the problem and integral equations of dynamic characteristics of the moving elements of the drive unit. The study obtained the distribution of the pressure and velocity of the working fluid in the hydraulic unit of the vibroimpact device, as well as changes in the kinematic parameters of the elements of the technological equipment based on the mathematical model developed by the finite volume method, using numerical modelling and high-performance computer systems. Optimal modes of operation of a hydraulic impulse drive of a vibroimpact device are proposed to provide an intensification of the construction pile driving technology. It was found that when low-frequency vibration is applied, the driving of construction piles is intensified. Application of a hydraulic impulse drive that is based on two-stage vibration excitation allowed implementing the vibroimpact modes of the device. The average pile driving speed with a vibroimpact interaction is five times higher compared to conventional driving methods
Use of Assessment and Feedback Systems for Introductory Computer Programming Modules of Higher Education: A Comparative Study
Authors: Thangaraj Jagadeeswaran , Ward Monica , O'Riordan Fiona
Published: June 2022

Teaching introductory programming modules in higher education is highly challenging. In particular, it is hard to motivate novices if there is a lack of tutoring support and it is also difficult to assess their progress when there is a large class. Automated assessment and  feedback systems help in this scenario. The use of automated assessment and feedback systems support teaching programming and motivate the novices in their learning process. This paper discusses these assessment and feedback systems which enable academics to assess, grade and support students learning programming. We mainly concentrate on whether these systems enable them to understand basic programming concepts and help to improve their skills. As a result of this study, we found that they are very effective in scaffolding the teaching of programming and assessing programming assignments. We conclude that these systems still need some development to be more effective to motivate their learning process.
Unidades de conservação do Estado do Piauí: volume 2
Authors: Moreira Mendes Ivanov Marlete , Rodrigues Lemos Jesus
Published: June 2022

Este material é composto por uma seleção de pesquisas desenvolvidas nas ou sobre as unidades de conservação do Piauí. Apesar de ser o segundo volume do livro e termos recebido, no total, 16 propostas de capítulos, ainda entendemos haver muitas lacunas sobre pesquisas nesse campo. Muitas unidades do estado ainda permanecem praticamente desconhecidas pela ciência. A maior parte das pesquisas envolvem as unidades federais, muito provavelmente pelo tamanho das mesmas e pela facilidade de acesso a informações via órgãos federais. Assim, reforçamos a necessidade de pesquisas serem desenvolvidas, em es- pecial, nas unidades estaduais e nas municipais. Apenas com conhecimento cien- tífco será possível tomar decisões mais enfáticas sobre o que e como preservar os recursos naturais contidos nessas áreas protegidas. Fica meu apelo à comunidade acadêmica e científca, bem como aos órgãos ambientais responsáveis, para que divulguem ao máximo possível informações sobre as unidades de conservação do estado do Piauí, pois são elas que podem mais fortemente assegurar a manutenção de habitats e funções ecossistêmicas, em tempos de aumento de desmatamentos para finalidades diversas, entre elas o agro- negócio, o qual tem crescido no estado.
Kurtuluş CENGİZ - Önder KÜÇÜKURAL - Hande GÜR, Türkiye’de Spiritüel Arayışlar Deizm, Yoga, Budizm, Meditasyon, Reiki vb.
Authors: YILMAZ Hatice Zişan
Published: June 2022

Türkiye’de son on yılda spritüel arayışlarda gözle görünür bir patlama yaşanmaktadır. Özellikle büyük şehirlerin orta üst sınıf mahallelerinde çoğalmaya başlayan yoga-meditasyon stüdyoları, bunun en belirgin göstergesidir. Reiki, tanra, şifacılık, şamanlık, bioenerji, alternatif tıp ve astroloji gibi alternatif inançlar da ilgi duyulan spritüel pratikler arasındadır. Esere konu olan araştırmanın sonuçları özellikle yüksek eğitimli, orta-üst gelir grubuna mensup, profesyonel meslek sahibi genç ve orta yaşlı kadınlar arasında yoga ve meditasyona yönelik ilginin son derece yoğun olduğunu göstermektedir. Spritüel hareketler geleneksel dindarlığın etkisi ile kıyaslandığında toplumun az bir kesimini kapsıyor ve genellikle orta-üst sınıftan eğitimli insanlarla sınırlı kalıyorsa da gitgide popülerleşmekte ve kitleselleşmektedir. İnsanlar neden bu inanç ve pratiklere ilgi duyuyor? Bu eser özel olarak bu meseleye odaklanmakta; büyük çoğunluğu Müslüman bir ülkede geleneksel dini pratiklerden ziyade kişisel deneyimi öne çıkaran bu tür arayışlara dönük ilgiyi anlamayı amaçlamaktadır.
Kognitive Verzerrungen im forensischen Kontext – Zuverlässigere Risikobeurteilungen durch Debiasing?
Authors: Gerth Juliane , Graf Marc , Weber Michael
Published: June 2022

Although the validity of forensic risk assessment has been in the focus of academic research in forensic mental health for the last 40 to 50 years, the quality of such assessments is still only moderately satisfactory on average. On one hand, there have been numerous attempts to improve the quality of assessments by developing new instruments or revising the content criteria of existing instruments. On the other hand, significant findings from decision psychology regarding the effect of cognitive biases on processes of judging have hardly found their way into the scientific debate so far. Consequently, there is also a lack of in-depth consideration of measures that counteract cognitive biases by applying debiasing strategies. However, erroneous judgements in the field of forensic mental health can cause severe consequences for individuals as well as for society. Therefore, sound empirical examination of debiasing strategies and their relevance to improve the validity of risk assessment is strongly recommended.
Die Wahrheit ist noch immer irgendwo da draußen: Sinnvolle Referenzstichproben und der Einfluss des Testortes bei familiengerichtlichen Begutachtungen
Authors: Bodansky Alexander , Johannsen Mieke , Schubert Antonia , Preuss Tino , Liedtke Anna
Published: June 2022

First data from the project to generate useful samples in the context of family law is presented (Bodansky & Krüger, 2020). Children who were tested because of a psychological assessment for a family court differ from kids constituting the reference sample of customary psychological tests partly with a medium effect size. Alternative reference samples are provided free of charge to expert witnesses via homepage (sinnvolle-stich.psy.uni-hamburg.de). The gathered data was also used to test, if there is an effect of the test place. Medium to large effect sizes were shown. The meaning of a test place effect is discussed theoretically and hands-on implications, which result from the existence of such an effect, are presented. The authors conclude that assessments of children should be conducted within each of their relevant living environments to discover or counter biases.
Impact of migration and population aging on economic growth in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Buterin Vesna , Fajdetić Barbara , Mrvčić Martina
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Migrations are a complex economic variable that is highly influenced by conditions such as social, societal, economic, political, environmental, and the like. The preferences of the population vary and in accordance with their own needs, the population decides to migrate. Many economies of the world are facing the problem of out-migration of the young population. Moreover, the elderly population is increasing as a percentage of the total population. The aim of this research is to show the gender and age structure of the population, the state of migration and the impact on the economic growth in the Republic of Croatia. Methodology: Data on the population structure and migration in the Republic of Croatia are analyzed for the period 2004-2019. Results: The research conducted suggests that the population of the Republic of Croatia is facing a large outflow of young people and a decline in the birth rate. Conclusion: In the Republic of Croatia, the age structure of the population follows global trends, which means that there is a larger proportion of the elderly population. Such changes have serious consequences for sustainable economic growth for any country, including the Republic of Croatia.
The asymmetric effects of the current account balance on inflation
Authors: Yildirim Yusuf , Vicil Erhan
Published: June 2022

Purpose: We aim to highlight the asymmetric relationship between the current account balance and inflation via the nonlinear boundary test approach for the period 2002:01-2020:10. We analyze the Turkish economy because Turkey has started implementing a new economic policy, which mainly aims to control inflation by maintaining a current account surplus. As a result, the primary purpose of this research is to determine the influence of the current account balance on local inflation, as well as to assist in the formulation of appropriate economic policies to minimize any negative effects on the local economy. Methodology: The nonlinear boundary test approach (NARDL) is used for the 2002:01-2021:10 data period due to the possibility of long-term nonlinear relations between the inflation rate and the current account balance. Results: According to the analysis findings, there is a long-term cointegration relationship between variables. It is deduced that while there exists long-term asymmetry between the current account balance and inflation, the coefficients themselves are not statistically significant, and magnitudes are negligible. However, the effect of dollarization and the lagged values of the CPI on current inflation are statistically significant and substantial, which underpins the importance of inflation inertia, inflation expectations, and the pass-through effect. Conclusion: With a view to stabilizing inflation, policymakers should prevent dollarization by taking the necessary measures.
Below-cloud scavenging of aerosol by rain: A review of numerical modelling approaches and sensitivity simulations with mineral dust
Authors: Jones Anthony Crawford , Hill Adrian , Hemmings John , Lemaitre Pascal , Quérel Arnaud , Ryder Claire , Woodward Stephanie
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Theoretical models of the below-cloud scavenging (BCS) of aerosol by rain yield scavenging rates that are 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than observations and associated empirical schemes for submicron-sized aerosol. Even when augmented with processes which may explain this disparity, such as phoresis and rear-capture in the raindrop wake, the theoretical BCS rates remain an order of magnitude less than observations. Despite this disparity, both theoretical and empirical BCS schemes remain in wide use within numerical aerosol models. BCS is an important sink for atmospheric aerosol, in particular for insoluble aerosol such as mineral dust which is less likely to be scavenged by in-cloud processes than purely soluble aerosol. In this paper, various widely used theoretical and empirical BCS models are detailed and then applied to mineral dust in climate simulations with the Met Office’s Unified Model in order the gauge the sensitivity of aerosol removal to the choice of BCS scheme. We show that the simulated accumulation mode dust lifetime ranges from 5.4 days in using an empirical BCS scheme based on observations to 43.8 days using a theoretical scheme while the coarse mode dust lifetime ranges from 0.9 to 4 days, which highlights the high sensitivity of dust concentrations to BCS scheme. We also show that neglecting the processes of rear-capture and phoresis may overestimate submicron-sized dust burdens by 83 %, while accounting for modal widths and mode-merging in modal aerosol models alongside BCS is important for accurately reproducing observed aerosol size distributions and burdens. This study provides a new parameterisation for the rear-capture of aerosol by rain and is the first to explicitly incorporate the rear-capture mechanism in climate model simulations. Additionally, we answer many outstanding questions pertaining to the numerical modelling of BCS of aerosol by rain and provide a computationally inexpensive BCS algorithm that can be readily incorporated in other aerosol models.
Satellite soil moisture data assimilation impacts on modeling weather variables and ozone in the southeastern US – Part 2: Sensitivity to dry-deposition parameterizations
Authors: Huang Min , Crawford James H. , Carmichael Gregory R. , Bowman Kevin W. , Kumar Sujay V. , Sweeney Colm
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Ozone (O3) dry deposition is a major O3 sink.
As a follow-up study of Huang et al. (2021), we quantify the impact of
satellite soil moisture (SM) on model representations of this process when
different dry-deposition parameterizations are implemented, based on which
the implications for interpreting O3 air pollution levels and assessing
the O3 impacts on human and ecosystem health are provided. The SM data
from NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive mission are assimilated into the
Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) land surface model within the NASA Land
Information System framework, semicoupled with Weather Research and
Forecasting model with online Chemistry (WRF-Chem) regional-scale simulations covering
the southeastern US. Major changes in the modeling system used include
enabling the dynamic vegetation option, adding the irrigation process, and
updating the scheme for the surface exchange coefficient. Two dry-deposition
schemes are implemented, i.e., the Wesely scheme and a “dynamic” scheme,
in the latter of which dry-deposition parameterization is coupled with
photosynthesis and vegetation dynamics. It is demonstrated that, when the
dynamic scheme is applied, the simulated O3 dry-deposition
velocities vd and their stomatal and cuticular portions, as well as the
total O3 fluxes Ft, are larger overall; vd and Ft are
2–3 times more sensitive to the SM changes due to the data assimilation
(DA). Further, through case studies at two forested sites with different
soil types and hydrological regimes, we highlight that, applying the
Community Land Model type of SM factor controlling stomatal resistance
(i.e., β factor) scheme in replacement of the Noah-type β
factor scheme reduced the vd sensitivity to SM changes by
∼75 % at one site, while it doubled this sensitivity at the
other site. Referring to multiple evaluation datasets, which may be
associated with variable extents of uncertainty, the model performance of
vegetation, surface fluxes, weather, and surface O3 concentrations
shows mixed responses to the DA, some of which display land cover
dependency. Finally, using model-derived concentration- and flux-based
policy-relevant O3 metrics as well as their matching exposure–response
functions, the relative biomass/crop yield losses for several types of
vegetation/crops are estimated to be within a wide range of 1 %–17 %. Their
sensitivities to the model's dry-deposition scheme and the implementation of
SM DA are discussed.
Experimental evaluation of using BLE beacon for outdoor positioning in GPS-denied environment
Authors: Qamaz Yousef , Schwering Angela , Bistron Janina
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Although Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used in outdoor location-based services, it still lacks precision due to obstacles that reduce its performance, such as near tall buildings, with bad weather conditions, and under tree canopies. In some situations, inaccurate localization or delay in getting location locks can adversely affect some location-based services’ functionality. Furthermore, it might make these services less efficient or even completely useless, especially when the receiver device has no SIM card or when the service requires a precision higher than three meters. As a solution to this issue, this study designs, develops, and evaluates a prototype location-based system that uses Bluetooth Low Energy beacons for short-range positioning in outdoor environments as a GPS alternative. The proposed system is a game that includes navigational tasks, which can be accomplished by reaching the proximity of two meters from the beacon’s location. The study involved conducting an experiment outdoors with a focus on areas where GPS signals are degraded to assess our proposed system’s efficiency and feasibility compared to the usage of GPS. The results proved BLE beacons’ ability to provide better positioning results than GPS, not only in terms of accuracy but also in terms of stability of positioning results over time. Based on the findings, the study outlines a set of guidelines to be considered in choosing a suitable positioning technology.
Understanding COVID-19 Effects on Mobility: A Community-Engaged Approach
Authors: Sharma Arun , Farhadloo Majid , Li Yan , Gupta Jayant , Kulkarni Aditya , Shekhar Shashi
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Given aggregated mobile device data, the goal is to understand the impact of COVID-19 policy interventions on mobility. This problem is vital due to important societal use cases, such as safely reopening the economy. Challenges include understanding and interpreting questions of interest to policymakers, cross-jurisdictional variability in choice and time of interventions, the large data volume, and unknown sampling bias. The related work has explored the COVID-19 impact on travel distance, time spent at home, and the number of visitors at different points of interest. However, many policymakers are interested in long-duration visits to high-risk business categories and understanding the spatial selection bias to interpret summary reports. We provide an Entity Relationship diagram, system architecture, and implementation to support queries on long-duration visits in addition to fine resolution device count maps to understand spatial bias. We closely collaborated with policymakers to derive the system requirements and evaluate the system components, the summary reports, and visualizations.
Statistical modelling of air quality impacts from 1500 individual forest fires in NSW, Australia
Authors: Storey Michael A. , Price Owen F.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Wildfires and controlled hazard reduction burns produce smoke that contains pollutants including particulate matter. Particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) is harmful to human health, potentially causing cardiovascular and respiratory issues that can lead to premature deaths. PM2.5 levels depend on environmental conditions, fire behaviour and smoke dispersal patterns. It is important for forest-fire management agencies to understand and predict PM2.5 levels associated with a particular fire, so that pollution warnings can be sent to communities and/or hazard reduction burns can be timed to avoid the worst conditions for PM2.5 pollution. We modelled PM2.5, measured at air quality stations in NSW Australia, from 1500 historical individual fires as a function of fire and weather variables. Using VIIRS satellite hotspots, we identified days where one fire was burning within 150 km of one of 48 air quality station. We extracted ERA5 gridded weather data and fire area estimates from the hotspots for our modelling. We created random forest models for afternoon, night and morning PM2.5 to understand drivers of and predict PM2.5. Fire area and boundary layer height were important predictors across the models, with temperature, wind speed and relative humidity also important. There was a strong increase in PM2.5 modelled with decreasing distance, with a sharp increase when the fire was within 15 km. The models improve understanding of drivers of PM2.5 from individual fires and demonstrate a promising approach to PM2.5 model development. However, although the models predicted well overall, there were several large under-predictions of PM2.5 that mean further model development would be required for the models to be deployed operationally.
An experimental study of drainage network development by surface and subsurface flow in low-gradient landscapes
Authors: Sockness Brian G. , Gran Karen B.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. How do channel networks develop in low-gradient, poorly drained landscapes? Rivers form elaborate drainage networks with morphologies that express the unique environments in which they developed, yet we lack an understanding of what drives channel development in low-gradient landscapes like those left behind in the wake of continental glaciation. To better understand what controls the erosional processes allowing channel growth and integration of surface water non-contributing areas (NCAs) over time, we conducted a series of experiments in a small-scale drainage basin. By varying substrate and precipitation, we could vary the partitioning of flow between the surface and subsurface, impacting erosional processes. Two different channel head morphologies developed, interpreted as channel growth via overland flow and seepage erosion. Channel growth was dominated by overland flow vs. seepage erosion depending on substrate composition, rainfall rate, and drainage basin relief. Seepage-driven erosion was favored in substrates with higher infiltration rates, whereas overland flow was more dominant in experiments with high precipitation rates, although both processes occurred in all runs. Overland flow channels formed at the onset of experiments and expanded over a majority of the basin area, forming broad dendritic networks. Large surface water contributing areas (CAs) supported numerous first-order channels, allowing for more rapid integration of NCAs than through seepage erosion. When overland flow was the dominant process, channels integrated NCAs at a similar, consistent rate under all experimental conditions. Seepage erosion began later in
experiments after channels had incised enough for exfiltrating subsurface flow to initiate mass wasting of headwalls. Periodic mass wasting of channel heads caused them to assume an amphitheater-shaped morphology. Seepage allowed for channel heads to expand with smaller surface water CAs than overland flow channels, allowing for network expansion to continue even with low surface CAs. Seepage-driven channel heads integrated NCAs more slowly than channel heads dominated by overland flow, but average erosion rates in channels extending through seepage erosion were higher. The experimental results provide insight into drainage networks that formed throughout areas affected by continental glaciation, and highlight the importance of subsurface hydrologic connections in integrating and expanding drainage networks over time in these low-gradient landscapes.
University of Warsaw Lagrangian Cloud Model (UWLCM) 2.0: adaptation of a mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian numerical model for heterogeneous computing clusters
Authors: Dziekan Piotr , Zmijewski Piotr
Published: June 2022

Abstract. A numerical cloud model with Lagrangian particles coupled to an Eulerian flow is adapted for distributed memory systems.
Eulerian and Lagrangian calculations can be done in parallel on CPUs and GPUs, respectively.
The fraction of time when CPUs and GPUs work simultaneously is maximized at around 80 % for an optimal ratio of CPU and GPU workloads.
The optimal ratio of workloads is different for different systems because it depends on the relation between computing performance of CPUs and GPUs.
GPU workload can be adjusted by changing the number of Lagrangian particles, which is limited by device memory.
Lagrangian computations scale with the number of nodes better than Eulerian computations because the former do not require collective communications.
This means that the ratio of CPU and GPU computation times also depends on the number of nodes.
Therefore, for a fixed number of Lagrangian particles, there is an optimal number of nodes, for which the time CPUs and GPUs work simultaneously is maximized.
Scaling efficiency up to this optimal number of nodes is close to 100 %.
Simulations that use both CPUs and GPUs take between 10 and 120 times less time and use between 10 to 60 times less energy than simulations run on CPUs only.
Simulations with Lagrangian microphysics take up to 8 times longer to finish than simulations with Eulerian bulk microphysics, but the difference decreases as more nodes are used.
The presented method of adaptation for computing clusters can be used in any numerical model with Lagrangian particles coupled to an Eulerian fluid flow.
GABLS4 intercomparison of snow models at Dome C in Antarctica
Authors: Le Moigne Patrick , Bazile Eric , Cheng Anning , Dutra Emanuel , Edwards John M. , Maurel William , Sandu Irina , Traullé Olivier , Vignon Etienne , Zadra Ayrton , Zheng Weizhong
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The Antarctic plateau, characterized by cold and dry
weather conditions with very little precipitation, is mostly covered by snow
at the surface. This paper describes an intercomparison of snow models, of
varying complexity, used for numerical weather prediction or academic
research. The results of offline numerical simulations, carried out during
15 d in 2009, on a single site on the Antarctic plateau, show that the
simplest models are able to reproduce the surface temperature as well as the
most complex models provided that their surface parameters are well chosen.
Furthermore, it is shown that the diversity of the surface parameters of the
models strongly impacts the numerical simulations, in particular the
temporal variability of the surface temperature and the components of the
surface energy balance. The models tend to overestimate the surface
temperature by 2–5 K at night and underestimate it by 2 K during the day.
The observed and simulated turbulent latent heat fluxes are small, of the
order of a few W m−2, with a tendency to underestimate, while the
sensible heat fluxes are in general too intense at night as well as during
the day. The surface temperature errors are consistent with too large a
magnitude of sensible heat fluxes during the day and night. Finally, it is
shown that the most complex multilayer models are able to reproduce well
the propagation of the daily diurnal wave, and that the snow temperature
profiles in the snowpack are very close to the measurements carried out on
site.