bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Research of SCR Catalyst for Elemental Mercury Conversion in Coal-Fired Flue Gas
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Pan Wei Guo , Guo Rui Tang
Published: December 2013

To control mercury pollution has become a major issue nowadays. The SCR systems in power plant can oxide the elemental mercury into oxidized mercury, which can be removed by WFGD, it became a very feasible measures to control mercury pollution. The core part of SCR system is SCR catalyst. The influence of different metal composition and modification of SCR catalyst and the gas composition in simulative flue gas for the efficiency of the conversion of elemental mercury are introduced ,for sifting the catalyst with high efficiency for mercury conversion under the condition of low temperature.
The Research of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Approach Applied in Denitrification Bacteria in Metal Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Zhang Pan , Xie Yuan Hua
Published: December 2013

To research the composition and proportion of the denitrying bacterium in denitrification tank and increase the nitrogen removals rate. With the purpose of explore the curve between the amount of different denitrying bacterium and the quality of water treating, then find out the optimum of the species of nitrogen removal bacteria and the amount of the specific type of microorganism in the denitrification tank of metal membrane bioreactor at the optimized conditions of the water treating effects. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach is applied in this research, to set a preliminary study on the space-time character of denitrification bacteria population structure in denitrifical tank.
Effects of Zinc on Hepatopancreatic Cell Culture of Kuruma Prawn, Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Xu Hai Ming , Zhao Chun Long , Li Da , Wang Hui , Cai Duan Bo
Published: December 2013

The hepatopancreatic cell culture of the kuruma prawn, Litopenaeusvannamei, was conducted to identify the effects of zinc on cell division. The culturesystem consists of medium 199 (M 199) supplemented with 0.060 mol/L NaCl,1.011g/L glucose, 1000 UI/ml penicillin, 1000 μg/ml treptomycin, 20% heatinactivated fetal calf serum (FCS) for primary cells and 10 % for subculture cells. TheRNA/DNA ratio in cultured cells was measured. The results show that the celldivision of cultured hepatopancreas cells in L. vannamei was increased by the optimalconcentration of Zn2+, 80 μg/L.
Kinetic Study of Mercury Adsorption on Activated Carbon in Simulated Flue Gas
Authors: Wu Yu , Zhao Li Li , Wu Jiang , Cao Yin Xia , Zha Jia Ming , Hu Tao , Ni Bu , Cai Yan Nan
Published: December 2013

Two types of activated carbon for the removal of element mercury in simulated flue gas were studied in the paper. Mercury adsorption process on fixed bed reactor has been researched. The conclusions are as follows: The trend of mercury concentration first decreased and then increased over time; as for two types of activated carbon, the adsorption corresponds to pseudo-first-order equation and pseudo-second-order equation respectively. Because of the high correlation coefficient, the pseudo-second-order equation will correspond to actual adsorption process.
Research on the Main Influence Factors of SCR DeNOx for Glass Furnace Glue Gas
Authors: Ling Shao Hua , Jing Chang Yong , Li Xiao Liang
Published: December 2013

By SCR test device to study the main factors affecting the SCR DeNOx efficiency of flue gas for glass furnace,and analyzes the relationship between the main parameters and DeNOx efficiency, such as the reaction temperature, NH3/NOx, initial concentration of NOx, and space velocity.In the actual flue gas conditions of glass furnace,there was an optimum working range for the SCR test device. The reaction temperature is 340~400°C,NH3/NOx is 0.9~1.0,space velocity is 4000~5000 h-1. In this condition, the DeNOx efficiency can reach 80%.
Upgrade and Operation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Process in the Sewage Treatment Plant of Jinan City
Authors: Sun Lin Bo , Tian Shun , Chen Wen Juan , Jia Wei Jian , Wang Yong Lei
Published: December 2013

The designed capacity of Jinan Citys wastewater treatment plant (the second sewage treatment plant) is 200,000 m3/d, and the biological treatment process is DE-type oxidation ditch process. Because of self-control requirements, equipment quality and management , alternat-ing operation of anoxia and oxygen can not be achieved. Acting in concert with the engineering of south-to-north water diversion and water quality improvement of the Xiaoqing River, water quality improvement and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus removal process was condu-cted. By increasing the diversion wall, digestive reflux and other measures, the DE oxidat-ion ditch process was transformed into A2/O process, while the depth of V-efficiency fiber filter processing and chemical phosphorus removal process were increased. After the upgrade, the process is stable, the effluent quality reached an A standard of " discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant" (GB18918-2002).
Concentration and Distribution of Fe, Al, Mn and Cr in Soils
Authors: Yang Si Lin , Tang Li Qiong , Zhou De Qun
Published: December 2013

The concentration and distribution of metal (Fe, Al, Mn and Cr) elements in agricultural and non-agricultural soils were investigated in upstream of the Pearl River, China. The result showed that total Fe, Al and Cr concentrations in agricultural soils were higher than those in non-agricultural soils, while total Mn concentrations in agricultural soils were lower than those in non-agricultural soils, indicating that agricultural input, such as water irrigation, fertilizer and pesticide application, may have led to the accumulation of Fe, Al and Cr in agricultural soils. Total concentrations of the metal elements in agricultural and non-agricultural soils were compared with the background values of Yunnan soil, the result showed Fe, Al, Mn and Cr were lower in both agricultural and non-agricultural soils in the study area.
Isolation of the Strains for the Degradation of APMP Pulping Effluent
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yang Gui Hua , Chen Hong Lei , Chen Jia Chuan
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the strains were separated from pulping effluent and aerobic sludge. The plate separation was used in process of separation and purification. During the selection process, six different strains were obtained according to the differences among the COD removal rates, growth curves, colony feature and characteristics of bacteria. The results of the degrading experiment of pulping effluent showed thatW3andS2had better performance among all of strains. COD of pulping effluent was decreased from 6960 mg/L to 3300 mg/L byW3, the removal rate is 51.87%. When the strainS2was used for the degradation of pulping effluent, COD value dropped from 6960 mg/L to 2860 mg/L, and the removal rate is 55.03%.
Synthesis of Phosphoric Acid /Graphene Composites for Water Purification
Authors: Wang Chu Bei
Published: December 2013

Phosphoric acid /graphene composites were synthesized by a facile one-pot method in the oil-phase. The composites produced in this study have more active groups than reduced graphene oxide. Adsorption data indicated that active groups of the material had far greater influence on the adsorption capacity than inert functional groups of reduced graphene oxide.
Economic Evaluation of CO2 Separation Technologies in Chinese Refineries
Authors: Song Qian Qian , Jiang Qing Zhe , Song Zhao Zheng , Yuan Bo , Song Wen Juan
Published: December 2013

With the clear emission reduction target of China for 2020, the refining industry as a large emission source inevitably plays a significant role. The paper confirmed and assessed three commercially available CO2separation technologies for refineries, vacuum swing adsorption (VSA), monoethanolamine (MEA) and membrane absorption (MA). The economic results indicate that the capital cost of constructing a CO2capture unit is 35.996 M¥, 34.418 M¥, 37.502 M¥, respectively. And the corresponding cost of avoided is 379.8 ¥/tCO2, 249.6 ¥/tCO2and 376.5 ¥/tCO2. Sensitivity analyses are also performed examining the effect of CO2price on economic feasibility, as well as improvements of regeneration energy demand and CO2capture system on the CO2avoided cost. The regeneration energy demand impacts the avoided cost significantly, whereas CO2capture system demonstrates insensitivity. Though the CO2avoided cost for MEA case is highest, MEA has been commercially the most available processe so far for existing refineries. However, MA will be the most promising alternative to chemical absorption in the future, provided that membrane performance is further improved. In addition, the CO2avoided cost of VSA is close to that of MEA, but other economic indicators are optimal due to a large amount of H2recovered. Currently, without any incentive and a major technological break-through, CO2capture from the source of hydrogen production units at Chinese refineries is the most attractive opportunity.
Metals Distribution (Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn and Ni) in Campus Wastewater: K-S Test and Friedman ANOVA
Authors: Sundari Rita , Hasibuan Rosdanelli , Abdul Malik Fakhri
Published: December 2013

Metals distribution (Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn and Ni) in campus wastewater was examined by nonparametric tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K S) and Friedman One-Way ANOVA). Based on the K-S test, all metals except zinc followed normal distribution. Based on the Friedman One-Way ANOVA test, nickel concentration posed substantial difference between three sampling stations under study (p < 0.05). All metals posed under the critical values on the basis of Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations (1979). The water parameters (BOD, COD, TSS, pH and temperature) were also implicated to inform the chemical background of wastewater under study in relation to metals distribution.
Backwashing Sludge Utilization of Biological Aerated Filter (BAF)
Authors: Li Hong Lan
Published: December 2013

The characteristics of biological aerated filter (BAF) backwashing sludge and the combined coagulation efficiency of chemical coagulant and biological sludge, and the properties of the settled sludge produced in the utilization process were investigated. The results showed that the backwashing sludge had preferable biological flocculation ability. A promising treatment performance, which sufficed the influent requirement of BAF was observed whether by using the backwashing sludge or combined using chemical coagulant and biological sludge in the enhanced domestic wastewater pretreatment process. The removal efficiency of COD, SS and TP were up to 74.6%、81.9% and 84.2% respectively where as backwashing sludge dosage was 38~76mg and FeCl3 dosage was 30mg per liter domestic wastewater.
Removal of Indigo Carmine by Bacterial Biogenic Mn Oxides
Authors: Chen Xiao , Pei Yuan Juan , Wang Hui , Wang Ge Jiao , Liao Shui Jiao
Published: December 2013

Indigo carmine (IC) is one of the oldest, most important and highly toxic dyes used and released in the effluents of many industries, such as textile, paper and plastics. Biogenic Mn oxides (BMO) were prepared by culturingMarinobactersp. MnI7-9 in presence of Mn (II). The Point of Zero Charge (PZC) of the BMO is 7.5 by salt titration method. The surface area (BET) is 27.68 m2g-1by the nitrogen adsorption-desorption method. The adsorption kinetics of low concentration IC (5 mg L-1) on the BMO fit the pseudo-first order model, while the adsorption kinetics of higher concentration IC (20 mg L-1) fit the pseudo-second order model. Intra-particle diffusion is an important rate-controlling step. The equilibrium adsorption data fit well in the Langmuir isotherm equation. The maximal adsorption capacity is 115.61 mg g-1at 25¡æ. A larger IC removal amount can be obtained when the amount of the BMO is 2 g L-1at pH 6.5. These results suggest that the BMO can be used as an efficient material for IC removal from aqueous solution.
Adsorption Character of Oxytetracycline and the Effects of pH on Adsorption of Oxytetracycline in Soil
Authors: Wang Dong Sheng , Chao Yu , Zhang Ting
Published: December 2013

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of the extensive use antibiotics in livestock. Untreated waste of livestock and poultry breeding discharged into the soil or applied to the soil, directly, lead to pollution of soil in antibiotics. Current antibiotics pollutes caused problem to cause social attention more and more. As soil is the main destination of antibiotics like other pollutants, the antibiotics would eventually be accumulated in the soil when they entered the environment, researching antibiotics in soil migration and diffusion in water environment is important. To analyze environmental risks in antibiotics, and to provide reference basis for antibiotic pollution control, OTC in soil adsorption process and mechanism are conducted. Research showed that first-order kinetic equation model, double constant equation model, and parabolic equation can describe the adsorption process of OTC in soil. Under PH=7 condition, the strongest adsorption and the maximum adsorption capacity are appeared. Adsorption of OTC in soil has a certain mobility, and there are certain security threats in surface water and groundwater environment.
Influence of Bulking Agents on Odor Production during Aerobic Composting of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Shen Yu Jun , Hou Yue Qing , Zhao Li Xin , Meng Hai Bo
Published: December 2013

The influence of bulking agents on odor production in sludge composts was investigated. Three mixtures were composted over a 23-day period in aerobic composting tank using the same sludge with different bulking agent mixtures. Parameters monitored over this period included O2, NH3, H2S, as well as VOCs. All mixtures had reached the faeces harmless standard by the bulking amount used. The type of bulking agent had little influence on NH3(p>0.05) and H2S(p=0.945) production. However, significant effect on VOCs concentration were found in the mixtures using different bulking agents during aerobic composting (p=0.006). VOCs production in Twc was significantly higher than that of in Tcs and Twc+cs, and no significant difference in Tcs and Twc+cs mixtures (p=0.697). The sawdust and corn stalk using mixed would be the best bulking agent.
Assessing the Waste Fiber Improved Soilless Culture Medium on Green Roofs
Authors: Hsieh Jing Chzi , Chang Ke Shin , Lin Jia Horng
Published: December 2013

The formation of culture medium plays a crucial role in whether roofs greening could be succeeded or otherwise, particularly for completed buildings. In this study, waste fiber Tencel ®, low-melting point fiber (PET) and waste fiber (PET) are chosen to be laminated into a medium with 15 cm in its thickness due to reducing the load on the roof and culture soil; meanwhile, two kinds of herbaceous plants, Ruellia brittoniana Leonard and Alternanthera versicolor, are planted in order to regulate the improved adequacy of culture medium. The result of this empirical experiment indicates the life of herbaceous plants can be maintained in the improved culture medium, and the selective materials, manufacturing parameter along with layers of culture soil that undergo a series of tests, such as water permeability, moisture content and water retention. The evidence spontaneously bears out the fact that the waste fabric improved culture medium shares the identical eco-greening functionality as the traditional cultivated soil does; by doing so, not only the eco-appeal for utilization of waste and lightening the culture medium on the roof can be achieved, a benefic contribution could consequently be made to the improvement of urban greening.
Influence of Aeration on NH3, CH4 and N2O Emissions during Kitchen Waste Composting
Authors: Zhang Hong Yu , Li Guo Xue , Wei Hong Fei
Published: December 2013

Because of high moisture content and compact structure, composting kitchen waste would discharge by-products such as leachate, ammonia (NH3), and greenhouse gases, and these can cause secondary environmental pollution. In this study, continuous measurements of gas emissions were carried out and detailed gas emission patterns were obtained using forced aeration system at aerations of 2·10-4 (T1), 4·10-4 (A2) and 6·10-4 ( (A3) m3·kgDM-1·min-1. During the experiment, temperature and oxygen content were determined, and continuous measurements of NH3 and gaseous emissions (CH4, N2O, and NH3) were taken. The results indicated that the aeration had a significant effect on NH3, CH4 and N2O emission (p<0.05). The highest concentration of NH3, CH4 and N2O were all observed in the treatment of T2. The productions of NH3 were reduced by 59.6% and 33.7%, and greenhouse gases (GHG) were reduced by 50.8% and 40.5% for T1 and T2 that compared to T3, respectively. Obviously, the aeration has great influence on NH3 and GHG emissions. In this study, the aeration was 2·10-4 m3·kgDM-1·min-1 in favor of NH3 and GHG reduction.
A Review of Bio-Oil Production from Sewage Sludge
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Guan Yi
Published: December 2013

Bio-oil production from sewage sludge provides a potential sludge treatment alternative, which shows advantages in both sludge treatment and energy recovery. The related technologies to convert sludge into high quality fuel or synthesized bio-diesel have been widely studied recently. In this paper, major effective technologies of low temperature pyrolysis, direct thermochemical liquefaction, microwave pyrolysis and transesterification had been reviewed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed in detail.
Effect of Moisture Content in Sludge on Thermal-Chemistry Disposal
Authors: Ma Yu Qin , Fan Xiao Xu , Liu Yan Feng , Yang Li Guo
Published: December 2013

Sludges resulting from wastewater treatment processes have a characteristically high water content, which complicates thermal-chemistry disposal. In this paper, taking domestic sewage sludge as the object, on the base of analysis on the material characteristics, the material and energy equilibrium calculation was carried out to study the effect of moisture content in sludge on thermal-chemistry disposal. The results showed that as the moisture content increased, incinerator temperature would reduce and the quality of the gasification gas would decrease with lower calorific value. When the moisture content in sludge increased, the amount of air required for gasification increased, wet gas production rate raised and dry gas production rate decreased, gasification efficiency and thermal efficiency were lower. For the sludge studied, it was required to control the moisture content in sludge to 55% or less if the incinerator temperature of 800 °C and above was wanted; if gasification gas calorific value was required to reach 2MJ/m3 and above, the moisture content in sludge must be controlled at 25% or less.
Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Structure the Selection of Techniques for Antibiotic Bacterial Dregs
Authors: Ai Han , Wang Hui , Sun De Zhi
Published: December 2013

Antibiotic bacterial dregs with the characteristics of large amount, difficult disposal, potential impacts for the environment, need to be treated or disposed by safe methods. In the present paper, the resource utilization of antibiotic bacterial residues and their treatment and disposal methods have been summarized and reviewed. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the reasonable and safe ways to treat antibiotic bacterial dregs have been chosen and compared. The results indicated that the first considered way to treat antibiotic bacterial residues was the compost technology and its weight was 0.2517. Additionally, followed by the anaerobic denitrification, the weight was 0.2215. The result of the study can be used as references for future planning or selection of antibiotic bacterial dregs treatments.
Kinetics of CO2 Absorption in MEA+DETA Blended Amine Solutions
Authors: Wen Juan , Huo Chun Xiu , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2013

The kinetics of CO2absorption in unloaded aqueous MEA, MDEA, DETA single amine solutions and MEA+DETA blende amine solutions was studied with the amine concentrations of 3.0 kmol/m3and at temperatures ranging between 298K and 338K. A dynamic model of CO2absorption rate on the basis of the static absorption experimental results was established. The reaction rate constant of CO2absorption in blended amine solutions MEA+DETA is , and its activation energy is 32.89KJ/mol.
Characterization of Free and Bound PBDEs in Sewage Sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) of Shanghai
Authors: Liu Li Zao , Li Yue , Yang Jing
Published: December 2013

In this study, sewage sludge samples were collected from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, and free and bound PBDEs were extracted in different ways. The concentrations of free and bound PBDEs were in the range of 111.69 to 13119.59 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 4.30 to 60.17 ng/g dw, respectively. BDE209 were the dominate congener and the concentrations of free and bound BDE209 ranged from 89.64 to 12424.84 ng/g dw and 0.85 to 44.00 ng/g dw, respectively. The concentrations of bound PBDEs were quite stable, indicating bound PBDEs werent high related with the input of total PBDEs. The fractions of bound PBDE congeners increased with the numbers of Br atoms, which suggested that PBDE congeners with low molecular weights were more prone to desorb from micro-pores of organic matters in sewage sludge. The fractions of bound PBDEs in total PBDEs were in the range of 0.16 to 22.73%, suggesting bound PBDEs played an important role in farmland soils after sludge application.
Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Processing Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Wang Ya Mei , Zhang Heng Jia
Published: December 2013

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of processing tomato in an arid climate. The results showed that crop yields of processing tomato were significantly (p<0.05) 11.0%~60.0% higher in the fully irrigated plots than RDI treatments except that subject to low level of RDI at seedling. When subject to RDI fruit number per plant, fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter were the main components contributing to yield increase of processing tomato, while decayed fruit number was the key factor restraining tomato yield improvement. The WUE of processing tomato was significantly improved by 13.4% in RDI plants subject to low water deficit at seedling compared to full irrigation, but no difference (p>0.05) existed between fully irrigated crops and RDI plants subject to water deficit at seedling or late fruiting. However, in comparison with fully irrigated crops WUE was significantly reduced by 16.3%~23.3% in RDI plants subject to water deficits respectively at flowering and full fruiting as well as subject to high water deficit at late fruiting. Therefore, low level of RDI at seedling while full irrigation during flowering to late fruiting could be applied to effectively improve yield and WUE of processing tomato in arid areas.
Numerical Simulation on Hydraulic Characteristics of Underflow for Falling-Sill Bottom-Flow Dissipation
Authors: Lu Shan Shan , Li Hua , Dai Hui Chao , Ding Quan Lin
Published: December 2013

Falling-sill bottom-flow dissipation is an important energy dissipater way, which has two fluent characteristics, spatial 3D hydraulic jump and submerge jet. But the turbulent motion is strong with a flow pattern of complex level. It is hard to detail the hydraulic characteristics and strength being inside of the plunge pool using physical experiments. However, numerical simulation can match the deficiency of physical model, which has the access to detail flow field hydraulic characteristics and provide a strong scientific basis on analyzing the hydrodynamic and hydraulic characteristics of plunge pool. In this paper, XJB project is taken for example, gas-liquid two-phase flow tracking the simulation free surface of VOF model was used. The RNG κ_ε turbulent motion model is adequate to simulate the 3D flow field in plunge pool. The result shows that the consequence of numerical simulation and physic test match well, which can reflect the plunge pool hydraulic characteristics and dissipation process accurately. The distribution of flow speed inside the plunge pool locates the position of main flow and reflects the velocity decay along the way and reflux flow vortex .
The Optimization Design and Operating Characteristics of Vertical Flow Dissolved Air Flotation Carbon-Sand Dual Media Filter Flofilter
Authors: Wang Yong Lei , Li Jun , Zhang Ke Feng , Jia Rui Bao , Li Mei , Song Wu Chang , Wang An Shuang , Wang Lin
Published: December 2013

Aimed at the raw water quality characterized by low temperature and low turbidity in winter,high algae and organic matters in summer, the vertical flow-carbon sand dual media filter flofilter was developed to research water purification effect.In the meantime,the pressurized dissolved air system and the filter unit were optimized.Air flotation and filtration were integrated in a structure,which could effectively save land area, and the device had advantages of operation mode flexible and purifying water collaboratively,etc..The results showed that the device could reach better results when the dissolved air pressure was 0.4 Mpa,the reflux ratio was 8% and the filter speed was 8 m/h. The averaged removal efficiency of turbidity,CODMn,the total number of algae and chlorophyll a were 86.49%,43.46%,76.30% and 71.26% by combination process respectively, so water purification effect was significant.
Analysis of Causes for Pipe Explosion of Urban Water Supply Pipe Network
Authors: Hang Gao Jie , Zhang Lei , Zhang He
Published: December 2013

There is a great many reasons for pipe explosion of urban water supply pipe networks. Three major aspects of water supply pipe explosion causes were analyzed comprehensively in this paper: natural factors, pipeline factors and human factors, to raise awareness about the causes of pipe explosion.
Study on Rainfall Patterns of Beijing
Authors: Weng Yao Yao , Liu Zi Long
Published: December 2013

Climate and precipitation of city has undergone great changes, waterlogging and drought events caused by extreme weather events is seriously affecting the normal operation of the city and people's production and life. This paper analyzes the rainfall patterns of Beijing in recent years on the basis of rainfall data nearly 68 years, including changes of all levels rainfall, extreme rainfall event occurrence and changes in short duration of heavy rainfall events. The results show that The possibility of short duration extreme rainfall increased nearly a decade.This provided an effective basis for design of Beijing rainfall exclusion and waterlogging disaster.
Isolation and Degradation Kinetics of the Quinoline Degradation Bacterium Strains from Coking Wastewater
Authors: Jia Rong , Zhang Yu Xiu , Zhang Qi , Wang Lu , Liu Wen Li , Wang Mu Lan , Chai Tuan Yao
Published: December 2013

An aerobic bacterial strain Q1 capable of utilizing quinoline as sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy was isolated from activated sludge of a coke plant wastewater treatment process. The morphological properties and the phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed strain Q1 belonged to thePseudomonassp.. Another strain Q2 was unable to utilize quinoline as sole source of energy alone can coexist with Q1 when quinoline was sole energy. The coexistence of Q1 and Q2 has synergistic effect to quinoline degradation. The biodegradation tests suggested that the kinetics of quinoline biodegradation by Q1 or the combaination of Q1and Q2 strain can be described by Haldane equation kinetically.
Application of Aerated Activated Carbon Filter for Advanced Treatment
Authors: Tan Feng Xun , Zhou Rong Zhen , Wu Dao Ji , Wang Ning , Lu Nan , Cheng Xiao Xiang
Published: December 2013

The objective of this research was to study the treatment effect of micro-polluted water usingconventional activated carbon filter(CACF) andaeration activated carbon filter(AACF), test the effect of backwashing on the performance of carbon filters, and provide a reference for water plant upgrading. The removal efficiency of pollutants and the impact of backwash of AACF was studied and compared with CACF. The results showed that, with an influent turbidity of 0.67 versus 0.44NTU, CODMnof 2.48 versus 2.74mg / L, UV254of 0.045versus 0.045cm-1and NH4+-N of 0.15 versus 0.11mg / L, the removal effect of turbidity, CODMn, UV254,and NH4+-N are 36.19% versus 33.67%, 30.63% versus 21.53%, 23.06% versus 26.57% and 34.34% versus 19.62% . AACF improved the treatment of CODMn,and NH4+-N by 26.66% and 60%. Backwash is found to enhance the performance of AACF on CODMnwith the removal efficiency increases from the 25.82% to 29.75% after 2 hr backwash, and stabilizes at approximately 30% at the consequent 6 hrs; Backwash decreases UV254removal from 17.51% to 16.64% after 2 hr backwash, increases it to 19.64% to after 4 hr treatment, and drops to 13.44% after 8 hrs. Additionally, backwash has no significant effect on NH4+-N.
Full Scale Optimization of Flocs Blanket Process Applied in Ferric Flocs Sludge Treatment
Authors: Zhang Gang , Zhang Li Qing
Published: December 2013

The flocs blanket process is a traditional technology for high concentration suspensions removal. In this paper, by thickening ferric flocs sludge, the flocs blanket process was optimized with a scale of 19~38 m3/H to achieve more satisfied operational condition. Under the raw sludge concentration of 100~1200 mg/L, an increase in polymer dosage would improve outlet turbidity, the moderate mechanical agitating strength of 3 rpm could achieve best operational results. The experimental results also revealed an approximately linear relationship between raw water concentration and optimum PAM dosage, that is, the optimum dosage of PAM increased synchronously with the increasing raw sludge concentration. While the relationship between raw sludge concentration and maximum up-flow rate reflected negatively linear dependence, the maximum up-flow rate would decrease linearly with the increasing raw sludge concentration. The experimental results proved that the flocs blanket process could be applied to thicken the ferric flocs sludge as a highly efficient technology.
Study on Hydrorefining/Hydroupgrading/Hydrodewaxing Combined Process Performance
Authors: Tian Ran , Wang Fu Cun , Yu Chun Mei , Li Xiao Gang
Published: December 2013

A novel hydrorefining/hydroupgrading/hydrodewaxing combined process for clean, low freezing diesel production were studied in this paper. the catalytic performance of three hydrorefining/hydroupgrading/hydrodewaxing combined catalysts were examined on 200mL hydrogenation units using the same feedstocks, the results revealed that the sulfur contents of diesel product were less than 50μg·g-1,and all the three combined catalysts can produce-20# diesel, and HU-1 catalyst had the better hydroupgrading performance than HU-2 catalyst.
Optimization of the Heterologous Expression of Sesuvium portulacastrum Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli
Authors: Yang Cheng Long , Li Rui Mei , Zhou Yang , Duan Rui Jun , Fu Shao Ping , Liu Jiao , Hu Xin Wen , Guo Jian Chun
Published: December 2013

A full-length sequence coding for a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from S. portulacastrum was cloned into expression vector pGEX-4T-1, and named pGEX-4T-SpBADH. The GST-SpBADH fusion protein was expressed and the expression conditions were optimized. Through the research on optimization of expression the concentration of IPTG, concentration of bacterium, induction time and temperature and so on, the results showed, the expression of GST-SpBADH increased accompany with the induction time. The expression level of GST-SpBADH fusion protein reached the highest for 5 h cultured and for OD600 is about 0.6 at 37°C, 0.2 mmol/L IPTG can effectively induce the expression of GST-SpBADH in Escherichia coli expression system.
Time Lag Effects and Rainfall Redistribution in Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in Eastern Coastal China
Authors: Peng Shun Lei , Li Peng , You Wen Hui
Published: December 2013

In order to reveal the ecological mechanism of rainfall redistribution and lag effects on precipitation of evergreen broad leaved forest in eastern coastal China, 25 m×25 m permanent plot studies were carried inC. fargesiistand andS. Superbastand in Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research station in Tiantong, Zhejiang Province. The results indicated that the total rainfall outside the forest was 5114.0 mm, the average rates of canopy interception, throuhfall, and stemflow were 24.5%, 6.1%, and 69.4% respectively inC. fargesiistand, which were 30.7%, 7.7%, and 61.6% respectively inS. Superbastand. Rainfall redistribution function ofC. fargesiistand was better than that ofC. fargesiistand. Throughfall and stemflow were increased with rainfall class increasing while canopy interception decreased as rainfall class increasing, especially during typhoon storm period. throughfall was observed after 67.6min when rainfall classes<5 mm happened, while throughfall was observed after 11.8 min when special heavy storm happened inC. fargesiistand, 6 times shorter than little rainfall event. The lag time of throughfall inS. Superbastand was longer than that in theC. fargesiistand. The time lag shortened gradually as rainfall class increased. Lag time of stemflow was about 2 times than that of throughfall.
System Dynamics Model for Designing Optimal Water Strategy for Shandong Province of China
Authors: Wang Lei
Published: December 2013

In order to meet the projected water needs of Shandong Province in the future, the system dynamics model of water cycle system is designed. The system dynamics model of water cycle system consists of three sub-models: population growth model, water demand model and water supply model. We use the logistic growth model to forecast the population in population growth model, use the water price elasticity of water demand to show how water usage responds to price change, and analyze the desalinization rate and the purification rate of water to meet water supply. In addition, by using System Dynamics modeling software, various types of models for water cycle analysis can be simulated. The model output shows this effect clearly..
Effects of Water Retaining Agent on the Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Hemarthria compressa
Authors: Jin Jun Ying , Zhang Wei Hua , Chang Bao
Published: December 2013

The application of water retaining agent could evidently improve water use efficiency. The WUE was increased with the duration of using water retaining agent, compared with the control, it increased 5 to 11 times with the duration of 8 to16d, and the growth (eg. height, the ratio of shoot to root, and yield et al) and physiological indices (eg. root activities and chlorophyll contents) were not affected. Moreover, compared with the control, the proline content increased 3 times, which showed that the application of water retaining agent improve the drought resistance, and the maximum threshold was 16d for keeping the normal growth of Hemarthria compressa in this study.
Evaluation of Groundwater Resources of an Alluvial Pluvial Fan in Hebei Province, China Using Hydrological Budget Method
Authors: Zhang Li Li , She Shu Qun , Wang Yun , Liu Shou Qiang , Zeng Yi Fan
Published: December 2013

Estimating groundwater recharge and groundwater discharge are key components in determining the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources. Infiltration recharge by rainfall and irrigation water recharge are the main supply of groundwater in the study area. In this paper, based on the hydrological budget method, we analyzed, the utilization of groundwater resources, calculated, the recharge and excretion of groundwater in the study area from 1995 to 2012, and finally, pointed out the groundwater level is mainly affected by the irrigation water. Therefore, readjustment of the structure of plant is to ensure the ecological environment, utilize rationally the groundwater resources and achieve the goal of sustainable use of groundwater resources.
Study of the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Water Temperature in Ertan Reservoir Based on Prototype Observation
Authors: Qi Chang Jun , Lu Bao Hong
Published: December 2013

When a reservoir is built, it will change the hydraulic features of the natural river, and cause thermal stratification which has significantly influence on the reservoir area and downstream ecological environment. Through analysis of the temporal and spatial variations of the observed temperature in terms of the prototype temperature observations in Ertan reservoir, the preliminary conclusions can be gained as follows: the water temperature distribution in Ertan reservoir is basically represented as isothermal in the same depth plane, and as stratifies along water depth. The great monthly variations of water-temperature in the reservoir are affected by the air temperature obviously.
Application of Comprehensive Water Flow Numerical Solution at Yifeng River Basin
Authors: Shi Yu Qing , Zhu Yue Long
Published: December 2013

Our article is studied with the improvement of a physically-based numerical model that uses for a new finite element solution to the transient or steady problems of the groundwater and surface water flows of a specific region with the help of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to store, manage, represent and take decides on all condition. Our article research subsurface and surface model proposes groundwater and surface water interact to be depth averaged through a new interpretation of a linear river flood calculus method. Overland flows and infiltration rates production processes are estimated by a sub model which records for this kind of groundwater and surface water interactions. Groundwater and surface water interactions discuss also new evapotranspiration and evaporation processes as a spread discharge from ground water table, non-saturated subsoil and surface water. The practical application regards the present flooding of six gauge stations, in the context of the water resources fate and use at the Yifeng River basin (similar to 776.6m2), Jiangxi China. Our article developed model DMSYQ was applied to the complex geology and the whole of the water resources of the Yifeng River basin.
Evaluation of Water Environmental Quality in Feng Zi Jian Mining Area Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Li Yan , Jia Xiu Ming , Xing Peng Fei
Published: December 2013

AHP, a simple and practical method for multi-criteria decision-making, is widely used in many decision-making processes of engineering projects. Owing to a large number of coal mining in Feng Zi Jian mining Area in Da Tong, it leads to many water environmental quality problems. According to the principle of AHP, it establishes hierarchical models, creates judgment matrix, counts its weight and maximum eigenvalue from the local to the whole, tests its consistent, analyzes the factors quantitatively which impact Feng Zi Jian mining Area water environmental quality, finally, and makes status evaluation for the quality of water environment of the mine. The results show that, AHP is intuitive, effective and has an objective reality during the process of calculating the weights of each factor. It achieves the results of the evaluation with satisfactory.
Water Poverty Index in the Inland River Basins of Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province
Authors: Pan Yan Hui , Gu Chun Jie , Ma Jin Zhu , Zhang Tian Shu , Zhang Hui
Published: December 2013

Since the economic development and environment deteriorating, water security has become an increasingly serious problem in the world. A number of regions are suffering water scarcity and pollution. The Water Poverty Index (WPI) could provide a standardized evaluation framework for the utilization and development of water resources in a certain region. This article based on the calculation of WPI, analyzed the components of WPI at basin scale, and calculated the WPI at Shule river basin, Shiyang river basin and Heihe River Basin, thereby, identified the water security and find out the main problems of water resource management and utilization in the three inland river basins in Gansu corridor.
Effect of Ecological Water Supplement on Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Diaokou River
Authors: Dong Guo Tao , Huang Kui , Dang Su Zhen , Gu Xiao Wei , Yang Wen Li
Published: December 2013

Diaokou River is one of the old courses of the Yellow River access to the sea before 1976 and its estuarine delta is an important part of National Nature Reserve of Yellow River Delta. The Yellow River Conservancy Commission decided the ecological water supplement to the wetland during the water and sediment regulation period in 2010. In this study, we analyzed the land use and land cover changes before and after the ecological water supplement in Diaokou River by using HJ-1B CCD data. The impact of the ecological water supplement on land use and land cover changes in Diaokou River was remarkable. The expansion of shrub-grassland and water body at large scale is conspicuous, while decreasing areas of shallows was 15.03 km2 and unutilized land decreasing amplitude was 28%. The main area of land use change was in Yiqianer protected areas, where concentrated in the estuary of the Diaokou River.
Significance of Ecohydraulics in Aquatic Ecosystem Protection
Authors: Wang Hong Tao , Zhao Jin Yong , Wang Gai Ling , Huangfu Qing Hong
Published: December 2013

Ecohydraulics is an emerging interdisciplinary science and mainstream engineering researching on the interaction relationship between hydrodynamic characteristic and aquatic ecosystem, it integrates biology, geology, hydrology, morphology, ecology, engineering and other disciplines. Based on the collection of literature on ecohydraulics from Web of Science database, the bibliometric analysis on 563 literatures from the year 1991 to 2012 has been conducted, including publication year, author, country, institution, subject, source journal and keyword analysis. Some conclusions have been made that these literatures on ecohydraulics are growing exponentially year by year; these literature involves a lot of authors and forms three research groups which scattered in Britain, the United States and New Zealand, the result clearly shows a positive correlation between the number of published literatures and the length of the research history in this subject; the main institutions of these literature include United States Geological Survey, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Lyon and University of Birmingham; and the subjects of these literature include environmental sciences & ecology, water resources, marine & freshwater biology, engineering and other subjects; more than 40% of the literature published in journals with the impact factors greater than 2.0. The main research contents are as follow: biological characteristics of aquatic organism, the impact of hydrodynamics on river habitats and aquatic organisms and, the feedback of the organism on flow. Theoretical analysis, system testing, statistical analysis and hybrid analog-digital simulation are primary research techniques and applications of the research concentrate on environmental flow requirement, habitat assessment, eco-engineering design and flow field control.
Effect of Elevated Temperature and Drought Stress on Growth of Lycium barbarum
Authors: Zhao Qin , Pan Jing , Cao Bing
Published: December 2013

to test the Effect of elevated temperature and drought stress on growth of Lycium barbarum, the one-year-old seedling of L. barbarum were planted in ambient temperature condition or elevated temperature (2.5~3.7°Cabove ) condition using open top chambers for one growing season. The seedling height, root-collar diameter, new shots length and diameter etc. were tested to analyze the morphological response of L. barbarum to climate change. The result showed that soil drought stress reduced the height, root-collar, and new shot diameter growth of L. barbarum seedling, and elevated temperature increased the root-collar growth of L. barbarum seedling. The effect of elevated temperature on seedling height and new shot growth depended on the soil moisture condition.
Simulation of Forest Landscape Dynamics in the Western Margin of Sichuan Basin
Authors: Gan Long Mei , Chen Dong Li
Published: December 2013

Based on Vegetation Dynamics Development Tool (VDDT), the 100(1989-2089) years forest landscape dynamics in the western margin of Sichuan Basin under 3 scenarios were simulated. Management measures such as closing the land for reforestation, forestation, stand improvement, reinforcement planting can increase forest land area, reduce open forest land area,suitable land for forest and shrub land.Artificial Cryptomeria fortunei plantations get more negative influences from rodent damage than artificial Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations. After earthquake, rodent damages intensity and frequency increased, suitable land for forest and unused land first increased and then decreased, forest land first decreased and then increased; forest land decreased and unused land increased in 2089, compared with the scenario without rodent damage or earthquake.
Biomass Carbon Storage of Three Forests at Different Altitudes in Baotianman Mountain, Central China
Authors: Qi Guang , Peng Shun Lei , Chen Chang Dong , Zhao Gan Qing , Liang Ya Hong , Li Peng , Yang Feng Ling , Wen Zhen Zhong
Published: December 2013

Basing on field data ofQuercus glandulifera var. brevipetiolataandQuercus variabilismixed forest (MF),Quercus aliena var. acutiserrataforest (QF1) andQuercus aliena var. acutiserrataforest (QF2) at different altitudes of Baotianman Mountain, we revealed biomass C storage of tree organs for each forest, and the distribution patterns of biomass C in different forests were also indicated. We found that total biomass C of forests decrease as altitude increase. The species mixed forest store more biomass C than others. However, biomass C storages at the scale 5m×5m vary dramatically for most of the plots. Biomass C storage in organs follows the law trunk>branch>root>leaf for all the three types of forests. It is interesting that biomass C of both above̶ and belowground are MF>QF1>QF2, whereas the ratios of aboveground/belowground biomass C are QF2 > QF1 > MF. Our results indicate that both altitude and forest type are key influence factors of forest biomass C in Baotianman Mountains.
Structural Characteristics and Stability of the Aggregates in the Orchard Soils with Different Cultivation Years in Northern China
Authors: Liu Wen Li , Wu Jing Gui , Zhao Xin Yu
Published: December 2013

With dry sieving and wet sieving methods, we studied the distribution characteristics and stability of the aggregates in the typical orchard soils with different cultivation years in northern China under long-term freezing-thawing conditions. The results show that: the contents of the aggregates with particle size above 10 mm or between 0.25 and 10 mm are significantly increased with cultivation years and annual growth rates were respectively 1.28% and 0.078%. Fractal dimension in the orchard soils was gradually decreased and lower than that in uncultivated area near the orchard in corresponding cultivation year. MWD of orchard soils shows annual increasing trend of 0.76%. The content of the water stable macro aggregates in orchard soils was increased with the cultivation years and was about 11.65%-20.18% higher than that of uncultivated soils near the orchard. Average annual growth of orchard soils was 0.37%. Fractal dimension was decreased year by year on the water stable macro aggregates. MWD of the water stable macro aggregates was significantly greater than that of uncultivated soils near the orchard and increased with cultivation years. Aggregate destruction rate was gradually decreased to 31.61% of that in the 60th year and annual average decrease rate was 0.91%. Soil bulk density was gradually decreased.