bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valuating Practices, Principles and Products in DIY Biology
Authors: Meyer Morgan , Wilbanks Rebecca
Published: March 2020

In this article, we study do-it-yourself (DIY) biology, by looking in particular at the different forms of valuation within the DIY biology movement. Building upon recent work in economic sociology and the study of valuation, we take as case studies different projects developed by DIY biologists. Our approach is attentive to the moments when these projects are valued, i.e. during competitions, investment pitches, and crowdfunding campaigns. The projects analyzed involve both market valuations (with investments, products and potential markets) and non-market valuations (be they social, ethical or cultural). Our key argument is that value is produced through distributed and heterogeneous processes: products, practices, principles and places are valued at the same time. We show that there is not only a valuation of technical and production aspects (well highlighted in the key literature on valuation), but also a valuation of social links and of specific forms of organization. Both are inseparable - it is neither the object nor the context in themselves that are valued, but the “good-within-the-context-of-its-making”: the production of vegan cheese or biological ink and the places and communities of DIY biology or future markets are valued. The valuation practices we examine aim at producing an interest in a threefold sense: a general interest (a public good), an interest for the public (its curiosity), and a monetary interest (by making people financially participate).
Baptisan Anak Dalam Pengakuan Iman Westminster dan Katekismus Heilderberg
Authors: Deniati Deniati , Widjaya Yesaya Adhi
Published: March 2020

Baptism is one of the sacraments recognized by the church and is believed to be a seal for believers, and a sign of Christ's ownership. However, if you look at the practice in the church, many questions will arise, both regarding the instruments used in baptizing and the subjects to be baptized (children or adults). This is due to a lack of understanding of baptism as well as differences in interpretation of the Bible and the confession of faith used in the church. This difference results in the emergence of conflicts between churches and the courage of certain sects, thus making statements that the other sects are wrong or right. Despite believing or using the same Bible and creed, each church has a different understanding and way of implementing baptism in the church. Therefore, the church needs to be sensitive to this. The Church of God needs to have the same unity or standard of truth, so that in carrying out church discipline, it remains in accordance with the truth of God's Word, the Bible. Seeing the gaps or facts that occur in the church of God, the purpose of writing this paper is to show the views of two faith confessions recognized by the Reformed church regarding child baptism and show how the practice of baptism should be practiced in the church community of God.
Long, Pedunculated, Large Hyperplastic Polyp of the Terminal Ileum Protruding Through the Ileocecal Valve: A Case Report
Authors: Seo Guh Jung , Cho Hyung-Suk
Published: March 2020

Small-bowel tumors, both benign and malignant, are rare lesions that clinicians often do not encounter, accounting for less than 2% of gastrointestinal malignancies. Usually, benign small-bowel tumors, including polyps, are asymptomatic. The diagnosis of small-bowel tumors is difficult because of an often-delayed presentation and nonspecific signs and symptoms. We report an incidentally detected case of a long, pedunculated, large polyp of the terminal ileum, which protruded through the ileocecal valve into the cecum that was removed by colonoscopy in a 41-year-old male with intermittent right-sided lower-abdominal pain. The polyp was resected through snare polypectomy without complications. The histopathology of the resected polyp was confirmed as an ileal hyperplastic polyp. Two years later, there was no recurrence observed via postpolypectomy surveillance colonoscopy.
First Feasibility Study and Short-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic-Assisted Anterior Resection in Colorectal Cancer in Malaysia
Authors: Tan Henry  Chor Lip , Tan Jih Huei , Nur Dzainuddin Nur Akmalrudin , Chan Koon Khee
Published: March 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic-assisted anterior resection (LAAR) for colorectal cancer in a local Asian population.Methods: This is a retrospective review of all patients with colorectal cancer operated from November 2017 to October 2018. Main variables of interest were demography, type and surgery, length of stay (LOS), and the involvement of proximal and distal doughnut. Postoperative complications were analysed using chi-square or Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: There were 23 patients with a mean age of 62.5 ± 12.2 years. The mean time from diagnosis to surgery was 97.1 ± 154.84 days. There were 12 patients in the LAAR group and 11 in the open anterior resection (OAR) group. Duration of surgery was shorter in OAR (129.58 ± 51.38 minutes) compared to LAAR (147.91 ± 39.37 minutes). Mean LOS was shorter in the LAAR group with 5±1.5 days compared to the OAR group of 7.42 ± 4.25 days. However, there was no significant P-value for both duration of surgery (P = 0.322) or LOS (P = 0.87). A total of 3 complications were recorded after OAR and 2 after LAAR. Both groups had clear proximal and distal margins with 16 (12–18.5) harvested lymph nodes in LAAR and 18 (16–22) in OAR, which were equal (P = 0.155).Conclusion: This study reports a shorter LOS in the minimally invasive group of 2 days with similar oncologic resection outcomes. This shows that LAAR is feasible in Malaysia and has potential outcome benefits.
Prospective Comparative Analysis of the Incidence of Vasovagal Reaction and the Effect of Rectal Submucosal Lidocaine Injection in Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cho Kyung Jin , Hwang Do Yeon , Lee Hyun Joo , Hyun Ki Hoon , Kim Tae Jung , Park Duk Hoon
Published: March 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the incidence of vasovagal reactions (VVRs) and the efficacy of lidocaine injection for prevention.Methods: One hundred seventeen patients diagnosed with hemorrhoids and scheduled to undergo a stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) were randomly divided according to submucosal injection to the rectum: lidocaine group (n = 53, lidocaine injected just before full closure of the stapler) and control group (n = 58). Outcomes included baseline patient characteristics (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and previous VVR history), vital signs during the operation, incidence of VVRs (hypotension, bradycardia, dizziness, diaphoresis, and nausea/vomiting), and postoperative complications (pain, bleeding, and urinary retention).Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The number of patients with lower abdominal pain after firing the stapler and incidence of dizziness were lower for the lidocaine group than for the control group (9.4% vs. 25.9%, P = 0.017; 0% vs. 8.6%, P = 0.035, respectively). However, there were no significant between-group differences in incidence of nausea and diaphoresis (0% vs. 3.4%, P = 0.172) and syncope (1.9% vs. 3.4%, P = 0.612). Fewer patients in the lidocaine group complained of postoperative pain (41.5% vs. 58.6%, P = 0.072), and these patients used analgesics less frequently than those in the control group (28.3% vs. 36.2%, P = 0.374).Conclusion: Patients who received a submucosal lidocaine injection prior to SH experienced less lower abdominal pain and dizziness compared with those who received standard treatment. A larger, more detailed prospective study is needed for further analysis.
Simulation of Pedestrian Behaviour As Design Criteria For University Teaching Buildings
Authors: Abdullah Wrya Sabir , Al-Qemaqchi Nahedh Taha
Published: March 2020

Pedestrian movement in the built environment is clearly shaped by the nature of a particular environment, with human behaviour shaped by the design of structures. To understand and analyse pedestrian behaviour while moving in open spaces at a very fine scale, simulation modelling is an essential tool. The aim of this paper is to study the impacts of the built environment on pedestrian behaviour and to understand the ways people walk on university campuses. Further, another aim of the study is to show through our simulation model how physical variables affect pedestrian behaviour and thus establish criteria for designing walkable campuses. In a first step, through video recordings, pedestrians were observed walking from the gates of a university campus to teaching buildings. The recorded data was then transformed into numerical values such as speed, delay, and walking type. In a second step, data about campuses were collected, such as walkway length, width and level, and number of pedestrian walkway intersections. Nest, using multiple regression, a mathematical simulation model was designed to test environmental impacts on walking behaviour. In this way, the impacts of the built environment on pedestrian behaviour were revealed.
The civil legal category of property rights in Ukraine in the context of ECtHR decisions: problems of theory and practice
Authors: Tsiura Vadym , Kharchenko Heorhii H. , Sabodash Roman
Published: March 2020

For the moment, ECtHR is one of the most respected and effective human rights institutions, so its decisions have the potential to create a platform to optimize and improve the application of legal rules and legal relations in case of gaps in national law. The study of the civil law category of property rights in the context of ECtHR jurisprudence is a significant step towards modernizing the consciousness of modern Ukrainian society and unifying the regulation of issues related to property. The authors used the method of analysis and the synthesis method as well as the comparative legal method in this research. In conclusion, the authors highlighted that since ECtHR decisions are binding in the administration of justice in Ukraine, there are many problems regarding the correlation between the concepts of "property", "ownership", "intellectual property", etc. The Ukrainian legislator and the law enforcer need to adapt to the flexibility of these concepts to minimize the divergence of views on legal categories that play a decisive role in the exercise of the applicant's right to judicial protection.
Optimization of interaction of agrarian entities as an imperative of ensuring food security of the state
Authors: Molchan Alexey S. , Frantsisko Olga Yu. , Ternavshchenko Kristina О. , Ostaev Gamlet Y. , Tinyakova Victoria I. , Markovina Ekaterina V.
Published: March 2020

The interaction of agricultural entities is based on modern market relations and the state agrarian policy. Managing the subjects of the agricultural sector of the economy is the primary task of the state, since the provision of food security of the state depends on this.

The subject of the study is the establishment of relations of the agricultural sector of the country. In the grouping method, a direct relationship was established between the sum of agricultural production in farms of all categories in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the number of employees in the regional agro-industrial complex of the agricultural sector, as well as the number of departments in them.

The purpose and objective of the study is to highlight the main functions of state administration of the agricultural sector at the regional level, to identify the lack of an effective mechanism for interaction of the subjects of the agricultural market with each other and with the regional authorities of the agricultural sector.

The presented model of optimizing the relationships between the agrarian entities of the region will increase the efficiency of the agrarian sector of the region’s economy and ensure its food security.

The necessity of planning and forecasting the volumes of production and use of agricultural products and raw materials is substantiated. The system of such forecasting includes such subsystems as agricultural enterprises, processing enterprises, and the population of the region.

It is concluded that each subsystem works on a well-formed and well-founded functional model, which includes input and output information, controls that regulate functioning, as well as mechanisms that ensure such functioning. A special role in the forecasting process is assigned to the regional management bodies of the agro-industrial sector represented by the department for optimizing the interaction of agricultural entities in the region. The final forecast result should be a balance model of the degree of food security in the region's population.
CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RESULTS FROM TREATMENT OF FOREIGN BODIES INGESTION
Authors: Vo Hoang Cuong , Dang Thanh , Tran Phuong Nam , Le Thanh Thai
Published: March 2020

Background: Foreign bodies ingestion is a emergency in otology, knowledge of people about foreign bodies ingestion is not enough.
Objective: To study the clinical characteristics, paraclinical characteristics and results of treatment from foreign bodies ingestion in Hue Central Hospital and Hue University Hospital.
Methods and patiens: A cross descriptive and prospective study over the period from 6/2014 to 5/2016, total are 137 patients come to be diagnosised and treatmented.
Results: the average age is 35 years old. Gender: male (51.8%) and women (48.2%). Adults (84.7%) having more than children (15.3%). Age group from 16-30 years is highest (32.8%). There are 95.7% of organic foreign bodies, 4.3% are inorganic foreign bodies. There are 90.5% of patients on diagnosis and treatment in stages less inflammation, arthritis 8.0% in the period and 1.5% in the period complications. Foreign body in the throat problems (73.7%), esophageal foreign bodies (26.3%). Pick up directly foreign bodies 54%, indirectly by the mirror 11.7% and endoscopy 8%, rigid esophagoscopy is 17.5%, flexible esophagoscopy is 7.3%, cervicotomy is 1.5%.
Conclusion: Practing direction with in the oropharynx foreign body, using the larynx mirror or endoscopy with in the laryngopharynx for the esophagus foreign bodies, rigid esophagoscopy is better.

Key words: Foreign bodies ingestion
PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF PLAN SCALE IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE AT HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Tran Minh Huy , Nguyen Dinh Toan
Published: March 2020

Objectives: To develop and to validate a simple clinical prediction rule for death and severe disability after acute ischemic stroke that can be used by general clinicians at the time of hospital admission.
Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried on 82 patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke from June, 2013 to March, 2014. Outcome were assessed at 30-day post stroke by modified Rankin score.
Results: (i) The average PLAN score in our study was 11.07 ± 3.16, (ii) There was a negative correlation between Glasgow score at admission and mRankin score with equation y = -0.381x + 8.816, (iii) There was a positive correlation between PLAN score and mRankin with equation y = 0.291x + 0.252, (iv) PLAN score was an independant pronostic factor of the outcome at day 30 post stroke by Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, (v) The cutoff of PLAN score ≥ 13.25 was pronostic factor with Se 76.5% and Sp 90.8%. (vi) Positive predictor value of PLAN score was 68.4%.
Conclusions: The PLAN clinical prediction rule identifies patients who will have a poor outcome after hospitalization for acute ischemic stroke. Additional studies to independently validate the PLAN rule in different populations and settings are required.
LYCOPENE POWDER PRODUCING FROM GAC FRUIT TOWARDS APPLICATIONS IN NUTRACEUTICAL AND COSMETICS
Authors: Nguyen Thi Le Thuy , Do Thanh Sinh , Tran Thi Hoa
Published: March 2020

Backgroud: Gac is a fruit containing many antioxidants, especially lycopene, with high concentration. However the variety and value of products from gac are limited. We introduce a modified method to produce lycopene and others carotenoids from gac oil towards available and safe applications in nutraceutical and cosmetics.
Materials and method: We study the extraction with different parameters and limit at the saponification of gac oil using less toxic substances such as ethanol, propylene glycol, postasium hydroxide and sodium chlorid.
Results: Concentrations of lycopene and β-carotene determined silmutaneously by UVVis spectrophotometer present that the efficiency reaches 65.07% as 20 g of gac oil is saponified with 8 g KOH 12 mol/L in 120 mins. The purity of product is 89.02%.
Conclusions: This process could minimize toxic residue in the powder after the precipitation, filtration and washing. Besides, the method is stable and applicable to the mass production.

Key words: Carotenoids, Lycopene, safe extraction, UV Vis silmutaneous concentration determination
A COMPARISON OF DRINKING AND DRINK-DRIVING PATTERNS AMONG STUDENTS AND WORKERS AGED 15-25 YEARS IN BAC GIANG PROVINCE AND BINH THUAN PROVINCE
Authors: Nguyen Minh Tam , Jean-Pascal Assailly
Published: March 2020

Traffic accidents and drink driving are serious health concerns for the young adult population. Statistics data in Vietnam shows that about 40% traffic accidents (with 11% fatalities) are involved with alcohol.
Objective: To describe the situation of drinking and driving among young people aged 15-25 years.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 4,850 young adults in 2 provinces of Bac Giang and Binh Thuan.
Results: The proportion of high school students drinking last year was 25.9%, that of students and adult workers were 61,1% and 71,2%, respectively. While the proportion of high school students who reported driving after drinking was still low (12.1%), that of students and young workers were much higher (54.2% among college/university students and 63,4% among young workers).
Conclusion: The percentage of alcohol consumption and drink-driving among people aged 15-25 years was high. The important practical implications of these results are to design effective interventions to prevent alcohol consumption and drink driving as well as the risk of traffic crashes in the young population.

Key words: young adults, 15-25 years old, alcohol consumption, drink-driving
TRAINING PROVIDED AND TRAINING NEED ASSESSMENT AMONG HEALTH STAFF AT COMMUNE HEALTH CENTERS IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF VIET NAM
Authors: Nguyen Minh Tam , Le Ho Thi Quynh Anh
Published: March 2020

Background: Primary care plays an important and strategic role in the health care systems. The increasing health care demands of the population require strengthening the capacity of healthcare service delivery at grassroots level. Improving the capacity of health staff at commune health centers is a strategic goal of the health sector to assure the equity in health care.
Objectives: (1) To identify the training programs provided to the health staff at commune health centers of CHCs, and (2) To assess the training needs among physicians working at commune health centers.
Methods: A mixed-method research study incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approach.
Results: On average, health staff at commune health centers were trained 62.7 medical procedures, mostly on Resuscitation, Internal Medicine, Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynaecology. More than 50% of CHCs were trained 50-80% of medical procedures. The training needs of the physicians working at the CHCs were high and diverse. Subjects requested to be trained or retrained were related to team work training, laboratory diagnosis, family medicine, and community skills. Hands-on training is prefered compared to other training methods.
Conclusion: The study shows a big gap in training health staff at commune health centers. There is a strong need to develop and implement a competency-based continuing medical education program based on training needs of primary healthcare providers.

Key words: competency, medical procedure, primary care
EVALUATING THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT FOR OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION BY VENTILATION TUBE INSERTION
Authors: Hoang Phuoc Minh , Le Thanh Thai
Published: March 2020

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common disease especially in children.
Objective: To study clinical, tympanometry, audiometry and the results of ventilation tube insertion.
Materials and methods: Prospective study with clinical intervention in 114 ears of 76 patients with OME.
Results: The most common age group was ≤ 6 years of age (39.5%). Common symptoms in ≤6 years of age group are nasal obstruction (73.3%), rhinorrhea (66.7%); in > 6 years of age group are tinnitus (78.3%), hearing loss (76.1%). Tympanic membrane findings: completed opaque (40.4%), air-fluid level (64.1%), retraction (44.7%), losing cone of light (87.7%). Tympanograme type B was 78.1%. Audiograme was conductive hearing loss with PTA > 20 db (100%). Ventilation tube insertion one or both side associated with or without adenoidectomy. After 6 months of follow-up, postoperative average PTA was 28.4±1.6 dB. Most of cases have dry ear, hearing improvement, tubes on the tympanic membrane. Common complications were otorrhea and extrusion.
Conclusion: OME is asymptomatic especially in children. Tympanograme plays a key role in diagnosis. Ventilation tube insertion improves the hearing and restores the normal function of the middle ear.
CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THALASSEMIA IN CHILDREN AT THE PEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT, HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Phan Hung Viet
Published: March 2020

Objective: To describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics of thalassemia.
Methods: A crosssectional study was performed on 37 patients with thalassemia treated at the Pediatric Department, Hue Central Hospital from 4/2012 to 6/2013.
Results: The average age on admission was 8 ± 4.1 years old. The rate of male/female was equal. The genotype β-thalassemia/HbE accounted for 54.1%; β-thalassemia 29.7% and α-thalassemia 16.2%. Common clinical features were anemia (94.6%), splenomegaly (94.6%), hepatomegaly (91.9%), facial bone deformities (86.5%), melasma (43.2%), malnutrition (37.8%), jaundice (29.7%) and heart failure (18.9%). Subclinical characteristics were hypochromia red blood cells (86.5%), medium anemia (59.5%), severe anemia (32.4%); indirect hyperbilirubinemia (91.9%); Elevated serum iron (56.8%); Elevated serum ferritin (81.1%); skull x-ray abnormalities (73%).
Conclusions: The most common genotype was β-thalassemia/HbE. Common clinical and subclinical features were moderate anemia, hepatospleenomegaly, deformed facial bones; medium anemia, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, Elevated serum iron and ferritin.

Key words: thalassemia, Hue Central Hospital
CONVENTIONAL X-RAY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS OF CERVICAL SPINE TRAUMA
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Minh Thi , Nguyen Thanh Thao
Published: March 2020

Background: Cervical spine trauma is a serious and complicated injury, affects both spine and spine cord. Evaluation of cervical spine trauma is crucial for selecting effective treatment methods.
Purposes: To describe characteristics on X-ray and CT scanner of the cervical spine in trauma and to evaluate the value of X-ray for the cervical spine trauma.
Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study of 33 patients with cervical spine injury seen on CT from 08/2014 to 08/2015 at Hue Central Hospital and Hue University Hospital.
Results: Average age was 43 years. The majority was males (the ratio was 4.5). The most common reason of injury were motor vehicle crashes and labor accidents. The most common site of injury was C5 - C6 level. There were 4/33 cases of upper cervical spine fractures and there were 29/33 cases of lower cervical spine fractures, in which blunt fracture, dislocation fracture, simple fracture were mainly identified on CT than on X-ray, p <0.05. The Kappa value for measuring the realiability between X-ray and CT in findings of body spine fractures was moderate (0.41 < K = 0.598 < 0.6). The ratio in finding posterior arch of lower cervical spine fractures on CT were higher than on X-ray, particularly in laminar frature and multiple sites fracture. There was no diagnostic suitability between X-ray and CT in detecting posterior arch of lower cervical spine fractures, K= 0.115 < 0.2.
Conclusion: X-ray is still valuable in clinical practice in medical facilities that have not been equipped with modern specialized equipment in odontoid fracture type 2, Hangman fracture and dislocated injuries besides using CT and MRI.

Key words: Cervical vertebrate; Trauma; Morphologic characteristics
EVALUATION OF SUGICAL RESULTS OF SEPTOPLASTY COMBINED WITH PARTIALLY REMOVAL OF MIDDLE CONCHA BULLOSA
Authors: Pham Trung Kien , Le Thanh Thai
Published: March 2020

Objective: To survey some results of septoplasty and combined cut partially outside concha bullosa.
Patients and Method: The study having population of 36 patients who underwent septoplasty and remove concha bullosa and designed as an prospective, descriptive and interventional study.
Results: 16-30 age group is mainly (47.2%). The reason most of them are headache (52.8%), and stuffiness (33.3%). Functional symptoms most common were headache (83.3%), followed by stuffiness (77.8%). Majority is malformed septum (80.6%). 42 concha bullosa on 36 patients including 16 patients only is the left concha bullosa, only 14 patients is the right concha bullosa and 6 patients is the both sides concha bullosa. Concha bullosa size of 1 is mainly, the right is 70% and left is 59.1%. There is a relationship between the level stuffiness and type of malformed septum. Concha bullosa greater is the more headache. The average treatment time is 7 days. 30.6% had complications in surgery. 5.6% had complications after surgery. Almost of patients improved symptoms, 97.2% after 3 months had not headache and stuffiness. The proportion of patients with better treatment was 80.6% and it is increase 91.7% after 3 months.
Conclusions: Headache and stuffiness are 2 most common symptom in patients who have concha bullossa and malformed septum, this is also the main reason make patients go to hospital. 2 symptoms improved after septum surgery combined cut outside concha bullosa.

Key words: malformed septum, concha bullosa, headache, stuffiness
THE SITUATION OF CURATIVE NURSING AND MIDWIVE RESOURCE IN THE PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE
Authors: Ha Lam Chi , Vo Van Thang , Vo Thi Hue Man
Published: March 2020

Introduction: In Vietnam, in recent years, nurse and midwife service has made remarkable progress in improving the quality of healthcare services. However, the jobs of nurses and midwives in our country are still facing some problems and challenges: human resource in term of nurses, midwifes lack of both quality and quantity, discrepant structure. The ratio of nurses and midwives are lower than the required ratio at medical facilities whose ratio 3/5 nurses/doctor. The rate of nurses and midwives who have education level higher than colleges do not achieve the goal of 30%. There is imbalance in structure and distribution in human resources in the countryside and remote areas. In order to evaluate the situation of human resources in term of nurses and midwives in state – run hospitals in province. This study aims to provide clear evidence for the plan of developing nurse and midwife system in order to satisfy the healthcare need of the patients.
Objectives: To describe the situation of human resources and to define the demand of human resources development in term of nurses, midwives for treatment systems in state-run hospitals in Quang Tri province in year 2015.
Method: Cross sectional study was conducted in December 2015. Secondary data reports from hospitals were collected, analyzed and assessed for adequacy level according to Analyzing, assessing the situation of human resource and comparing to the current regulations including Joint Circular No 08/2007/ TTLT-BYT-BNV guiding the payroll of state health facilities, Decision of the Prime Minister No 153/2006/QĐTTg and national action program on the nursing, midwife jobs period from now until 2020 with Decision No. 1215/QD-BYT April 12, 2013 by the Minister of Health.
Results: The ratio of current healthcare providers over treatment bed did not meet the requirement regarding to scale of hospital bed number and grade. Number of nurses and midwives at clinical departments was insufficient as required. Number of nurses, midwives over doctors was under the aimed ratio of the Health Ministry.
Conclusions: Human resources of hospitals need to be provided to meet the need in hospital bed number and grade. Also, it was necessary to increase the number of nurses, midwives in order to ensure the minimal required ratio according to the number of beds and doctors at clinical departments.

Key words: medical human resource, nurses, midwives, human resource need
EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL FEATURES IN PATIENTS WITH CARCINOMA OF ORAL CAVITY
Authors: Nguyen Van Minh , Nguyen Hong Loi , Dang Thi Kim Anh
Published: March 2020

Background: To evaluate the clinical, hystopathologycal features and correlation between lymph node metastasis and hystopathologycal grade in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity.
Materials and Methods: From July 2015 to July 2016, 32 patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity at Hue Central Hospital
Results: The most common age group from 51 to 60 years and the male/female ratio was 1.9/1. Tumor were usually observed around the the tongue (40.6%) and oral floor (34.4%). Most of the tumor size is larger than 2 cm diameters (> 80%). The regional lymph node metastasis rate was 43.8% and there was a positive correlation between lymph node metastasis and tumor size (p <0.05). Squamous-cell carcinoma was mainly type of histopathology. Difference between the rate of lymph node metastasis in patient groups with different histopathological grade show no statistical significance (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: the greater tumor, the higher regional lymph node metastasis. There is no relationship between the lymph node metastasis rate and histopathological grade of oral carcinoma.

Key words: : carcinoma of oral cavity, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histopathology
EXPECTATION OF CLIENTS TOWARDS PRIMARY CARE SERVICE AT COMMUNE HEALTH CENTERS
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hoa , Nguyen Thi Thao , Nguyen Minh Tam
Published: March 2020

Background: Patients’ expectations are considered to influence their satisfaction with the service provided. This can be used to provide a deeper understanding and better approach to improve health care delivery. Objectives: This study was to identify patients' expectations forhealth care services at commune health centers in Huong Thuy Town, Thua Thien Hue province.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with data collected from 423 people in Huong Thuy, using the 38-item standardized questionnaire to measure patients' expectations of primary care. A five score Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree was used to report people’s expectation towards primary care services at commune health centers.
Results: Among five important features of primary care, patient expectations for aspects of the medical care were the highest ranking. Aspects that achieved the lowest expectations were the availability and accessibility. The items such as “Facilities should be well equipped and modern”, “Doctor should guide patient in taking medicines correctly” and “Doctor should make patient feel free and comformtable to talk about health issues” received the highest scores.
Conclusions: The study provides evidence on what patients expect for primary care service, thus helps to improve primary care quality, especially on the aspects that patients rate highest priorities.

Key words: primary care, patient’s expectation, commune health center
SEXUAL CHARACTERISTIC AND RELATED FACTORS AMONG MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN IN KHANH HOA PROVINCE
Authors: Le Xuan Huy , Doan Phuoc Thuoc , Nguyen Dinh Son , Do Thai Hung , Vien Quang Mai , Nguyen Thanh Dong , Nguyen Dinh Luong
Published: March 2020

Background: Our study aims to analysis sexual behavior and related factors among MSM population in Khanh Hoa province.
Methods: We did a cross-sectional study in six districts of Khanh Hoa province in 2015. A total of 428 MSM were selected using TLS-time location cluster sampling methods. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 428 MSM and 15 in-depth interviews and 3 focus group discussions.
Results: This study indicates that 50% of respondents reported that they were self-identified gay men. Most of MSM admitted that they were "Bong kin". Existing sexual orientation was mainly hemosexual (64.7%). 11.7% of MSM had sex with male partners for seeking money. In addition to, 15.6% of MSM have had sex with female sex worker during the past 12 month, of which 63.6 % of MSM had regularly used condoms.
Conclusions: There was 67% of MSM had sexual intercourse with a male partner in the fist time. The percentage of MSM who have had sexual intercourse with a female sex worker in the first time, at 2.8%. This percentage in the last 12 months was 15.6%, of which the proportion of consistent condom use was 63.6%.

Key words: Men who have sex with men, sexual characteristic, Khanh Hoa
ECONOMIC BUDERN AND TREATMENT COST OF FALLS, BURNS, AND TRAFFIC INJURIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Huynh Thuan , Nguyen Minh Tam
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Child injury is a significant burden for community health care in Vietnam. Besides the fatal injuries, millions of children need hospital care for non-fatal injuries. Investigation on treatment cost and economic burden of the most common non-fatal injuries such as falls, burns, and traffic injuries is very necessary.
Objectives:
(1) Describe the patterns of falls, burns, and traffic injuries among children admitted with injuries to the Quang Nam Pediatric Hospital;
(2) Analyze the treatment cost for falls, burns, and traffic injuries of these patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study on 424 pediatric patients under 16 year old admitted with falls, burns, and traffic injuries to the Quang Nam Pediatric Hospital from 01/6/2014 to 31/3/2015.
Results: Most of participants admitted to the hospital for falls (66%), traffic injuries (22,4%). Mild injuries was dominated, burns and traffic injuries were more serious in almost cases and the average of PTS index was 9.4 points. Average total treatment cost was 1,259,200 VN dong, direct cost accounted for 68.4% of total treatment cost. Treatment costs of burns and traffic injuries were higher than that of falls.

Key words: burden of disease, treatment cost, injury, children
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE JOB SATISFACTION AMONG NURSES AND MIDWIVES WORKING IN THE PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE
Authors: Ha Lam Chi , Vo Van Thang , Vo Thi Hue Man
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Caring service provided by nurses was one of the main factor of medical service system of Viet Nam. During recent years, nurses and midwives service had made significant progress in improving the quality of health caring service. However, jobs of nurses and midwives in Vietnam were still facing some problems and challenges: lack of both quality and quantity, discrepant structure. This study aimed to evaluate the human resource situation as well as the satisfaction level of nurse and midwife staff in state –run local hospitals, which would be the foundation for the plan of developing nurse and midwife system in order to satisfy the healthcare need of the patients.
Objectives: To investigate the satisfaction rate and satisfaction involved factors with particular jobs of nurses and midwives at treatment systems in the public hospitals in Quang Tri province in year 2015. Data was collected using self-administrative questionnaires and entered and analysed by the statistical software of SPSS Version 20.0.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in Dec. 2015 on a total of 433 nurses, midwives working at clinical departments of 12 governmental hospitals in Quang Tri province.
Results: General job satisfaction rate with the particular jobs was 52.9%. Factors involving satisfaction of nurses, midwives with their jobs included: working position, hospital level of care, clinical departments, and monthly income getting from hospital (p<0.05).
Conclusions: It was highly necessary to improve working conditions and environment, and income, to ensure treatment regimens and policies, to make further training and higher working position feasible, to heighten role and responsibility on working and to develop hospital in order to raise the satisfaction rate of nurses and midwives, and hence to enhance the quality of patient care in hospitals.

Key words: Nurses, midwives, satisfaction, quality of care
IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF RECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA ON MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Nguyen Dao Cam Tu , Duong Phuoc Hung , Le Trong Khoan
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To describe the imaging characteristics and to evaluate the value of MDCT in rectal adenocarcinoma staging.
Materials and Method: 36 patients who were diagnosis with rectal carcinoma anh undergone surgical resection atHue Central Hospital from April 2015 to July 2016 were enrolled in this cross sectional study. MDCT and histopathological findings were recorded. Tumor staging was based on AJCC 2010.
Results: Rectal tumors were detected mainly in the upper segment (50%), followed by the middle and the lower segment (19.4% and 30.6%, respectively). The average thickness of tumors was 20.08 ± 9.9 mm.Tumor size measured in the largest dimension were mostly in < 5 cm (69.4%). 50-75% lumina narrowing was the most prevalent.All of cases were of homogenous enhancement. The peritoneal was the most common site of local invasion. There were 9 cases of distal metastasis, mostly to the liver. The sensitivity and specificty of the T-stage were respectively: 70% and 96% in ≤ T2 stage; 94% and 73.6% in T3 stage; 77.8% and 100% in T4 stage. The sensitivity and specificty in nodal metastasis were 77% and 70%.
Conclusion: MDCT improved the accuracy in diagnosis local invasion, which contribute to the preoperative TNM staging.

Key words: MDCT, rectal cancer (carcinoma)
STUDY OF RENAL FUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS BY SERUM CYSTATIN C
Authors: Dang Anh Dao , Tran Huu Dang
Published: March 2020

Aims: to investigate serum Cystatin C level, correlation between serum Cystatin C levels with albuminuria, estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and renal radiography in type 2 diabetic patients.
Materials and methods: We studied 77 healthy subjects without prediabetes or diabetes, and 70 type 2 diabetic patients. We excluded patients with thyroid dysfunction and those taking glucocorticoids that affect the serum Cystatin level. The serum Cystatin C level measured in 2 groups. In type 2 diabetic patients, we measured renal radiography, albuminuria, and estimated GFR using CKD.EPI 2012 formular. Descriptive and cross-sectional study. A statistical analyses of the data was performed using SPSS, Excel 2003. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, calculated the area under the curve (AUC) for serum Cystatin C.
Results: The level of serum Cystatin C in the type 2 diabetic patients was significantly higher than in the control group (1.45±0.97, 0.97±0.23 mg/L, p<0.001, respectively). The level of serum Cystatin C showed stepwise increase with albuminuria level. The serum cystatin C level in the macroalbuminuria group was significantly higher than microalbuminuria group (2,51±1,13; 1,12±0.69 mg//l, p<0.05, respectively). A positively correlation was observed between eGFR according to CKD.EPI equation based on serum Cystatin C and renal radiography (r=0.710, p<0.001). The positively correlation between eGFR according to CKD.EPI equation based on serum Creatinine-Cystatin C and renal radiography r=0.746, p<0.001). The serum Cystatin C level was significantly higher in patients with GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 than those with ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 (p < 0,001). Serum Cystatin C level was significantly reciprocal correlation between eGFR based on cystatin C serum (r=0.830, p<0.001) or renal radiography (r=0,748, p<0,001). The cutoff value for the identification of GFR < 60ml/min/1.73m2 was 1.28mg/l with a sensitivity of 100.0 (95% CI: 85,6-100,0) and specificity of 95.7 (95%CI:85.1-99.3). AUC was 0,992.
Conclusions: The serum cystatin C level in type 2 diabetic patients was significantly higher than the control group. The serum level of Cystatin C in type 2 diabetic patients was stepwise increased with albuminuria level. There was a positive correlation between eGFR based on Cystatin C and renal radiography. A reciprocal correlation between serum Cystatin C level and eGFR calculated by CKD.EPI 2012 formular and GFR by renal radiography.

Key words: diabetes, glomerular filtration rate, Cystatin C, albuminuria
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 6 PATIENT WITH TRIPLE THERAPY PEG-IFN, RIBAVIRIN AND SOFOSBUVIR: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Tran Xuan Chuong
Published: March 2020

The author presents a case with chronic hepatitis C, genotype 6, treated with triple regime: Peg-IFN combined to ribavirin and sofosbuvir. After 3 months of therapy and 3 months follow up, patient has good clinical and virological response (SVR 12). Some results of similar studies in Vietnam and abroad, especially the studies concerning the new agents DAAs were also presented, analysed and compared with author’s results.

Key words: Hepatitis C, treatment, Peg-IFN, Ribavirin, Sofosbuvir
Scientific Potential Formation of Personnel of Yu.A. Gagarin
Cosmonaut Training Center.
Authors: Naumov Boris Аleksandrovich , Saev Vladimir Nikolaevich , Vinogradov Yuriy Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2020

The paper gives the retrospective analysis of the personnel potential formation process since the establishment of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center through the present day. It also considers the lines of personnel scientific potential strengthening and the significance of this process in various periods of the Center’s activity.
Methodical and Information Support of the Operational Personnel in the Training Management System of the ISS RS Simulator Complex.
Authors: Shevchenko Lyubov Yevgenievna , Polunina Elena Vasilievna , Saev Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: March 2020

The paper analyzes the functional structure of the training management system (TMS) of the ISS RS simulator complex from the viewpoint of engineering and technical support of training. It is shown that the methodical and informational support for the performance of the operational personnel is an element of the TMS and requires an improvement or development taking into account the tasks of controlling the simulator complex when preparing and conducting training.
Main Results of the ISS-50/60 Expedition Training and Activity When Carrying out the Mission Plan.
Authors: Ovchinin Aleksey Nikolaevich , Kondrat Andrey Ivanovich , Medvedev Anatoly Andreevich , Nesmeyanov Valery Valerievich , Oreshkin Gennady Dmitrievich , Saburov Pyotr Alekseevich
Published: March 2020

The paper represents the ISS-59/60 crew members, main tasks and results of crew training. great attention is paid to the crew activity aboard the Soyuz MS-12 manned transport vehicle (MTV) and ISS. Special attention is paid to extravehicular operations (EVA) performed according to the programs of the RS (Russian Segment) and USOS (US Orbital Segment) of the ISS. The paper also briefly analyzes the implementation of the Russian scientific applied research and experiments program.
Improvement of the Information Display System on the ISS RS Simulation Complex to Ensure the “Approach of “Progress” CTV to the ISS” Automatic Mode.
Authors: Batrakov Valery Vitalievich , Bragin Viktor Igorevich , Klyuev Yuri Alekseevich
Published: March 2020

The paper considers issues of providing high-quality video information for the ISS RS Simulation Complex to ensure the automatic mode of approaching, fly-around, berthing and docking of the cargo transport vehicle (CTV) with the International Space Station (ISS). The object of the study is the ISS RS SC. The subject of the study is the information display system (IDS) of the ISS RS SC. It is shown that the hardware-software part of the IDS on RS SC requires regular modernization and updating of special software. Measures taken to improve the quality of formation, transmission and output of information to the display devices of the ISS RS SC are listed.
Human-Robot Interaction in a Manned Space Flight: An Ontological Approach.
Authors: Karpov A.A. , Sergeev S.F. , Lakhin O.I. , Mikhayluk M.V. , Kryuchkov B.I. , Usov V.M.
Published: March 2020

The use of robotic systems (RSs) in future manned space missions requires the creation of the cosmonaut-researcher a holistic view on the forms of interaction within the “human – robot” system (HRS) under the adverse environmental conditions. For these purposes, educational and reference materials (ERMs) are needed in fields of ergonomics and its representation in the design of human-machine interfaces (HMI). The paper considers the application of the ontological approach in the actual subject area – the ergonomics of the HMI, as the way of interdisciplinary integration various scientific fields – Informatics, ergonomics, psychophysiology, etc.
Use of Airships in Human Space Exploration.
Authors: Kulikov Igor Nikolaevich
Published: March 2020

The article presents the potentialities of manned aeronautical systems in the context of search and rescue of space crews, as well as transport and logistics support for the operation of distant space infrastructure, including Vostochny cosmodrome. The considered technology is based on the results of successful creation and operation of modern Russian airships taking into account the long term worldwide experience in the use of manned aeronautical systems in the fields of aviation transport, military defense, manufacturing and tourism.
THE INTERACTION: BUSINESS- EDUCATION- INVESTMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Lyubcheva Marusya , Terziev Venelin
Published: March 2020

The change of the management business model has been widely discussed in the recent years – the one of the country as well as that of single structures, sectors and organizations. This is a serious intervention for each of these levels as far as it requires a strategic transformation to be made.Universities are among the institutions, for which the business model transformation (or its establishing) becomes more and more urgent.The report examines possible options for developing the relationship between the education system with the economy.