bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Destructive-surgical treatment of cervical pathology – pros and cons
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Chayka K.V. , Shalko M.N. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kovalchuk I.V. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

The prolonged existence of the pathological process in the cervix channel requires not only the medical correction of inflammatory, dyshormonal, immunosuppressive, dysmetabolic changes in the organism that contribute to their occurrence, but also the use of destructive treatments. Unfortunately, this treatment leads to destructive-pathological changes in the cervical epithelium of the cervix and, as a consequence, to the reproductive function of the woman. The objective: to evaluate the regenerative capacity of the cervical epithelium after the application of destructive surgical methods for treating its pathology in women of reproductive age. Materials and methods. On the basis of the Kiev city center of reproductive and perinatal medicine 370 non-pregnant patients with cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia were examined and treated. The age of the treated women was 18-45 years. All women were examined cytologically, bacterioscopically, bacteriologically, for the presence of sexually transmitted infections, a diagnosis was made for the human papillomavirus by polymerase chain reaction, histological examination of the biopsy material. In case of detection of a violation of the vaginal biocenosis, etiopathogenetic treatment was carried out taking into account the detected infectious agents and their sensitivity to antibiotics. The treatment regimens were selected individually and differentially. 130 (35.14%) patients underwent cryodestruction of the cervix by the proposed method, 150 (40.54%) patients underwent excision of the cervix with Heims-Rogovenko knives and 90 (24.32%) patients had conical diathermoelectroexcession of the cervix. Results. All patients were treated in accordance with the severity of the process. 138 treated women showed cicatricial deformity of the cervix, in 86 - stenosis of the cervical canal was diagnosed, and in 52 - cervical canal atresia. Conclusion. The use of destructive surgical methods for treating cervical pathology makes it possible to achieve elimination of dysplastic processes. But the frequency of the occurrence of destructive and pathological changes on the surface of the cervix causes a promising search for new methods of influencing the course of the wound process after destructive and surgical treatment to ensure epithelization and preserve the anatomical and functional capacity of the cervical structures. Key words: cervical pathology, reproductive age, destructive, abnormal cervical degenerative surgical treatment.
Prevention of previous treatments in pregnant women with benign cervical pathology in anamnesis
Authors:   Uzhgorod National University, Ukraine, Korchynska О.O. , Bysaha N.Yu. ,   Uzhgorod National University, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

The article presents the prophylactic and therapeutic complex developed by us, which reduces the frequency of early and late spontaneous abortions, premature births, reduces placental dysfunction, anomalies of labor, fetal distress, the percentage of cesarean sections, the pathology of the postpartum period in women with benign pathology of the cervix ) in the anamnesis. The objective: was to decrease the frequency of preterm labor in women with benign pathology of CM in the anamnesis on the basis of studying clinical and microbiological and endocrinological features, as well as using the developed complex of preventive and curative measures. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in two stages. At the first stage, the features of the course of pregnancy, childbirth, the postnatal and neonatal periods were studied in 50 patients with a benign pathology of CM in a history, which was carried out by conventional preventive and therapeutic measures (first group); for the comparative characteristics, similar parameters were studied in 50 obstetric and somatically healthy primiparas (control group). At the second stage, clinical and instrumental-laboratory evaluation of the prophylactic-therapeutic complex developed by us was carried out, which was used before and during pregnancy in 50 women with a benign pathology of CM in the anamnesis (II main group). Results. The use of the proposed treatment-and-prophylactic complex prevented recurrence of benign pathology of CM by results of colposcopic and cytological studies – 26% in the 2-nd main group against 62% in the I primary group (p<0.05). No cases of prematurity or perinatal death in newborns from mothers assigned to the prophylactic-therapeutic complex proposed by us have been recorded. Сonclusion. The prophylactic and therapeutic complex developed by us includes the use, starting from early pregnancy, of natural micronized progesterone, diosmin, succinic acid, levocarnitine and a local antiseptic with probiotic, which allows reducing the frequency of preterm birth and other obstetric and perinatal complications. This helps to improve the results of delivery in women with benign cervical pathology in history. Key words: pregnancy, childbirth, benign pathology of the cervix, fetoplacental complex.
Functional state of the vaginal mucosa in bacterial vaginosis and its correction
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Beyuk V.O. , Shcherba O.A. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lastovetska L.D. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of the treatment of women of reproductive age to the gynecologist. It accounts for up to 50% of cases of pathological discharge from the genital organs. In 50-75% of cases, bacterial vaginosis is asymptomatic. The examination of the patient occupies one of the key positions in the effective treatment of the patient. Nitrosamines, which are metabolites of obligate anaerobic bacteria and coenzymes of carcinogenesis, and may be one of the cause for the genesis of cervical cancer. The objective: assess the condition of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix in bacterial vaginosis, the effectiveness of its treatment in women of reproductive age. Materials and methods. Оf investigation 64 women of reproductive age with bacterial vaginosis were examined and treated, of which 34 patients (group I of the study) conducted our therapy which received the Tyloron and the local combined preparation of dexpanthenol and chlorhexidine bigluconate, followed by the introduction of lactobacilli in standard doses. 30 patients (group II of the study) received standard treatment. The control group consisted of 27 healthy women. Results. Results of treatment of bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age are presented. In 94.1% and a group of cases, we achieved a clinically significant effect, compared with group II (76.7%) of 10 days of treatment. Three months after the end of treatment, 97.1% of the patients in the main group recovered (group II – 86.6%). Conclusions. The use of the complex therapy of bacterial vaginosis proposed by us showed a high rate of recovery, and a low rate of recurrence in women of reproductive age. Key words: bacterial vaginosis, diagnosis, treatment, tyrolon, dexpanthenol, chlorhexidine.
Experience in the treatment of recurrent nonspecific vulvovaginitis
Authors:   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Kosilova S.E.
Published: March 2021

Recurrent nonspecific vulvovaginitis is an actual medical and social problem, as it leads to the development of background and precancerous diseases of the cervix, endometritis, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, complicated course of gestation and childbirth. The objective: was to study the clinical and microbiological efficacy of the local antiseptic Furasol and Lactagel, which promotes the growth of lactobacilli and the restoration of vaginal pH in the treatment of women with recurrent vulvovaginitis. Materials and methods. A clinical and laboratory study of the efficacy of the combined use of the combined local antiseptic Furasol (furagin soluble – 0.1 g, sodium chloride 0.9 g) and vaginal gel Lactagel (lactic acid and glycogen) in the treatment of 25 women of childbearing age with chronic recurrent non-specific vulvovaginitis. Results. The complex application of the furagin soluble (Furasol) plus Lactagel regimen for the treatment of recurrent nonspecific vulvovaginitis contributes to the effective sanitation of the vagina, the elimination of the inflammatory process and clinical symptoms, and the restoration of the lactobacillary biotope. The conclusion. The combination of Furasol with Lactagel prevents the recurrence of unspecific vulvovaginitis in women of reproductive age. Key words: chronic recurrent nonspecific vulvovaginitis, soluble furagin, Furasol, Lactagel.
Social Aspects of Education Digitalization in the Context of the Pandemic: Philosophical Analysis
Authors: Baeva Liudmila
Published: March 2021

Over the past decades, modern society has teetered among a variety of challenges and threats to its sustainability. Among them were factors of migration changes, global security challenges from extremism and terrorism, risks accompanying the development of the information society. However, the year 2020 introduced a new factor of the global pandemic, which has influenced almost all aspects of social development and has largely irreversible consequences. The state of openness of the social system became a threat to its security, and measures were taken to artificially personalize and disintegrate the subjects in a real environment, which, on the other hand, increased their digital connections and communications. The emerging risks to life and health, due to their priority, caused the shift of labour and educational activities to a remote environment, becoming a catalyst for a digital turn to mass products and services in the cyber-environment. At the same time, the cyber-environment, information, electronic online culture, due to its specificity and high level of openness, has its own risks for the subjects, which have acquired a global character under the new conditions. Among the most important consequences of the pandemic in the social sphere was the process of the digital transformation of education, which received global coverage and forced acceleration both for those who were already prepared for it and for the majority, for whom it became a new necessity. The research aims to study the social and ethical-legal processes that accompany the digitalization of education, primarily the problem of the digital divide, within the framework of a socio-philosophical analysis. The object of the study is the digital transformation of education, understood as a multi-stage transition process of management, training, control, evaluation processes in the field of education to a digital environment based on modern services, open resources, interactive communication methods, the use of big data and artificial intelligence. The subject of the study is the situation of the digital divide as one of the most important social problems associated with the digital turn in education in 2020.
Constructing the Image of Russia in Public and Political Discourse: From Semantic Description to Metaphorical Framing of Events
Authors: Tokareva Svetlana
Published: March 2021

The subject of the research is the processes of meaning-making in public and socio-political discourse, related to constructing and interpreting the image of Russia. The study deals with the specificity of semantic description of the country's image, with a particular focus on a thesaurus – a repository of data, knowledge and concepts an individual possesses in relation to a reflected fact of life. With the emergence of the cognitive approach the researchers' observations shift towards the confrontation of cultures and the resulting ideological opposition as prerequisites for constructing a particular image of Russia. In contrast to traditional linguistics, describing metaphorical images of Russia in terms of "semantic components" or "semantic fields", cognitive linguistics views constructing of the country's image as an effect of metaphorical framing which involves applying a number of coherent procedures: naming, categorization, framing, narrating. Under proliferation and competition of ideologies, it is not the frequency of a metaphorical model of the image of Russia that serves as an indicator of its productivity but rather its potential to produce new lexical units, frames or slots. The current study exemplifies the role of ideologemes and beliefs, reflecting different value systems, in constructing the auto- and hetero-image of Russia. The paper dwells on framing in the processes of activating society's emotional states "fostering" various Russia-related sentiments. While constructing the auto- and hetero-image of Russia, political actors compete fiercely for their right to frame ideas dominating the public and political discourse and ensuring their accepted meaning. Under the current ideological opposition, the instrumentarium of metaphorical framing and reframing can serve not only as a means of competitive practices but also a means of conflict resolution in discussing the ideological and political agendas associated with attitudes to Russia.
Socio-Economical Risks of the Pandemic Period and Practices to Overcome Them: Governments’ Policies and Citizens’ Strategies
Authors: Velikaya Nataliya , Belova Natalia
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the reaction of the societies of four countries (the United States, Great Britain, Italy and Russia) to the global risks and challenges associated with the spread of the coronavirus epidemic, which has grown from a health problem to a global political and economic one. Considering the socio-economic risks of the pandemic as the most significant for the lives of citizens of different countries, the authors operationalize them through the fears of public consciousness. The events of the last year have shown that the increased fear and panic among the population in the face of "new infections" has turned into a global problem. The specifics of the life organization in the context of the spread of the pandemic have contributed to the emergence of new distinct socio-economic and socio-political practices that require analysis. The obvious request to the authorities from the population of different countries to ensure the adoption of timely and effective measures to prevent the spread of infection and minimize its consequences also actualize the study of public attitudes during the pandemic in a comparative context. Based on a comparative international online survey, the main socio-economic risks and fears of residents of the four countries were identified, which included both general threats to well-being (low incomes, unemployment, lack of prospects in life, housing problems, etc.) and threats actualized by the pandemic situation (difficulties in obtaining medical care, the high cost of medicines, the inability to go on vacation, difficulties with obtaining education). The differences in satisfaction with the socio-economic situation in the countries, including the response to the actions of governments and local authorities, were analyzed. The review of individual strategies for coping with crisis situations showed significant differences across countries. At the same time, in assessing the activities of the authorities, respondents demonstrate unanimity, showing dissatisfaction with the measures taken and concern for their well-being in the future. The conclusion is made about the actualization of socio-economic fears during the spread of the pandemic and the widespread deterioration of the social well-being of the population.
Global Stablecoins: Monetary Policy Implementation Considerations from the U.S. Perspective
Authors: Malloy Matthew , Lowe David
Published: March 2021

This note explores the potential effects of the widespread adoption of a global stablecoin (GSC) on key aggregate financial sector balance sheets in the United States. To do this, we map out cash flows of GSC transactions among financial sector entities using a stylized set of 't-accounts'. By analyzing these individual transactions, we infer aggregate and compositional effects on U.S. commercial banking sector and Federal Reserve balance sheets. Through this lens, we also consider how these balance sheet changes could affect monetary policy implementation, the demand for central bank reserves, and the market for U.S. dollar safe assets.
SCC compressive strength test v1
Authors: Du Guoqiang , Liangtao Bu not provided , Qi Hou not provided , Jing Zhou not provided
Published: March 2021

This paper mainly introduces the test process of rebound method and ultrasonic method for high strength self-consolidating concrete with strength grade of C50, C60, C70, C80, C90 and C100, and carries out cube compressive strength test on the test cubes under the same conditions. The entire test process, equipment and materials are introduced.
Human embryonic gonad dissociation with Collagenase IV v1
Authors: Sancho Carmen , Hoo Regina , Vento-Tormo Roser
Published: March 2021

This protocol is for enrichment of fetal gonadal cells
Modeling the Heat Scheme of the Combined Heat and Power Plants Using the Software Product “Boiler Designer”
Authors: Shtym Konstantin A. , Goncharenko Yuriy B. , Soloveva Tatyana A. , Bibikov Dmitriy R. , Vasilyev Pavel V.
Published: March 2021

This article describes the rationale for the development of a mathematical model of the thermal scheme of Vladivostok thermal power plant. Four types of turbines are installed at this plant, boiler units operate on coal and natural gas. This makes it difficult to effective load distribution between the turbine units. Application of simplified dependencies, built on the basis of the reporting data, allows to analyse the correctness of the load distribution between the units. The article provides an example of comparing the actual parameters of the plant and calculating based on the simplified characteristics of turbines. This example showing the loss of fuel equivalent from non-optimal load distribution. However, the use of such simplified characteristics has several shortcomings. These shortcomings do not allow using this as a universal method. There is a need to create a full-fledged mathematical model of thermal power plants. The model is developing on the basis of the Boiler Designer software package. The program has a modular structure and allows you to create mathematical models of each unit of equipment, and then, through the purpose of connections, assemble the thermal scheme of the station. This approach is actual for cross-linked heat and power plants, since it allows us to evaluate the efficiency of thermal scheme connections, and not just the operation of the equipment itself. The article provides a simplified model of the station, its advantages and disadvantages
Experimental Study of Temperature Distribution in a Cyclone-Vortex Furnace
Authors: Kulik Aleksandr V. , Dorogov Evgenij Iu. , Soloveva Tatyana A. , Shtym Konstantin A.
Published: March 2021

This article describes the experience and results of experimental study of the temperature distribution in the refractory lining of the gas and liquid fuel cyclone-vortex furnace (CVF). Temperatures were measured with type K thermocouples. Most of the thermocouples are located a depth of 25 mm from the surface combustion chamber. With increasing boiler load observed decrease in temperature and increase of plating unevenness of the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber. This is due to the redistribution of heat generated between the combustion chamber and the firebox as the load increases. The results of heat transfer studies in CVF will lead to a reduction in the thickness of the lining, modernization of the CVF structure. In the future, abandon the use of refractory lining in CVF
Local and Systemic Reactions due to Subcutaneous Allergen Immunotherapy: Our Single-Center 5-Year Experience
Authors: AYTEKİN Gökhan , YILDIZ Eray , ÇÖLKESEN Fatih , ARSLAN Şevket , ÇALIŞKANER Ahmet
Published: March 2021

Aim: Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) currently represents the only disease-modifying therapeutic option for the treatment of allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, asthma, and venom sensitization. Although SCIT represents a fairly safe therapeutic option in the hands of experienced physicians and centers, it may also be associated with certain adverse effects. In this study, we describe the local and systemic adverse effects in our adult patients undergoing immunotherapy over a 5-year period in an effort to define the causative factors.
Materials and Methods: A total of 4413 injections administered to 119 patients (58 female, 61 male) were analyzed.
Results: A total of 119 patients with a mean age of 33.7 ± 12 years were included (Female: 58, 48%; Male: 61, 51.3%). In the total population of 119 patients, 6 (5%) developed local reactions, 21 (17.7%) developed large local reactions, and 9 (7.6%) had systemic reactions. Of all injections administered throughout the study period, 0.14% were associated with local reactions, 0.48% with large local reactions, and 0.20% with systemic reactions. Four patients with systemic reactions (44.4%) required epinephrine injection. Patients who did or did not develop adverse effects were significantly different with regard to IgE levels and eosinophil counts (p=0.001 and p=0.002). There was a significant difference between the rates of total adverse reactions developing during the build-up or maintenance phase (p=0.025).
Conclusion: Clinicians’ awareness regarding the local, large local, and systemic reactions associated with SCIT should be improved, and clinicians should be more careful during the immunotherapy, especially in the build-up phase, for adverse events.
Crisis en los sistemas penitenciarios: derechos humanos, hacinamiento y desafíos de las políticas criminales. Una aproximación desde la producción bibliográfica
Authors: Chará Ordóñez William Darío
Published: March 2021

Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo indagar las investigaciones académicas realizadas sobre los debates alrededor de las crisis carcelarias que develan el hacinamiento y las apuestas por las reformas a las políticas criminales para atender estas situaciones. Para tal fin, se acude a una metodología cualitativa de corte documental a partir de la revisión de la base de datos Scopus. De los 393 resultados obtenidos de esa base de datos, bajo criterios de exclusión como área disciplinar, periodo de estudio y relevancia temática, finalmente se realiza el análisis de 78 documentos. El análisis se realiza en VOSviewer y permite agruparlos en tres categorías: crisis del sistema carcelario, situaciones conflictivas en las cárceles y opciones de respuesta de la política criminal. Los resultados y conclusiones se obtienen luego de un análisis de contenido que permiten advertir que existen tres debates alrededor del tema: los estudios que indican los retos que presentan los sistemas penitenciarios para la reducción del hacinamiento, aquellos que dan cuenta de las situaciones endógenas que evidencian las crisis, y finalmente, las propuestas para las reformas de las políticas criminales.
La detención domiciliaria para las madres reclusas en Colombia en garantía del principio de interés superior del niño
Authors: García Patiño Ethel Maydú , Pérez López Delia Alejandra
Published: March 2021

La crisis carcelaria en Colombia vulnera derechos fundamentales de la población reclusa, transgrediendo con ello la dignidad humana. Aunque a través de la declaratoria de Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional se ha emitido una serie de órdenes y recomendaciones, como la creación de una política pública criminal coherente y articulada que brinde garantías mínimas, se observa, sin embargo, la tendencia de expedir leyes que agravan las penas, privilegiando la prisión carcelaria e incrementando el hacinamiento, sin consideración hacia las mujeres, lo que conlleva al quebrantamiento del núcleo familiar y afecta específicamente a sus hijos menores, a quienes se les restringe el derecho a permanecer bajo su cuidado en la etapa más importante de su desarrollo, tal como dispone la Ley 1709 de 2014. Por ello, a partir del análisis de los instrumentos internacionales de protección de derechos humanos, la doctrina jurídico-científica y la jurisprudencia, se propone la extensión de la detención domiciliaria especial concedida por ocho meses, contenida en el artículo 314 del C.P.P., en concordancia con el artículo 461 del mismo, hasta que el menor cumpla tres años de edad en garantía del interés superior del niño, y así, favorecer también, la humanización de la pena y la resocialización.
Justicia restaurativa y resiliencia familiar de las personas privadas de libertad en México
Authors: Cantizani Maíllo Rafael
Published: March 2021

El fracaso de los sistemas penitenciarios latinoamericanos se debe, en parte, a que los programas de reinserción social no contemplan el potencial resiliente de las familias de las personas privadas de libertad, centrándose exclusivamente en el individuo. Se hace relevante explorar otras estrategias para mejorar los resultados de reinserción social, en el caso específico del sistema penitenciario mexicano, que posibiliten la reconstrucción de nueva vida fuera de los centros penitenciarios para las personas privadas de libertad y sus familias. El objetivo de esta investigación fue probar que los elementos de la justicia restaurativa son inherentes a la resiliencia familiar de las personas privadas de libertad. Para ello este estudio se basó en las teorías principales de la justicia restaurativa y de la resiliencia, aunándolas a través de las teorías secundarias del apoyo y vínculo social. La naturaleza metodológica de esta investigación fue cualitativa, con un carácter exploratorio, utilizándose como instrumento de recolección de datos la entrevista semiestructurada a personas privadas de libertad en el ya clausurado Centro de Prevención y Reinserción Social de Topo Chico, en la ciudad de Monterrey.
Arte pública: que sentido na educação?
Authors: Oliveira Mónica
Published: March 2021

É inegável o crescente interesse, nas últimas décadas, pela arte pública que merece e deve ser motivo da nossa atenção. Os alunos deixaram de ser protagonistas passivos da vida social e, por consequência, da arte que surge na sua cidade. Neste contexto, a arte pública é chamada a exercer o seu papel, abrindo e preenchendo a dimensão ontológica do ser humano, constituindo um fator de integração social e de comunicação intercultural. Quer isto dizer que a arte pública não visa unicamente objetivos estéticos, mas também objetivos culturais, políticos e sociais que dão forma a um novo cenário educativo que vai acompanhar toda a vida do cidadão e que tem de ser revelado, considerado e desenvolvido na escola. Esta investigação discute a importância da arte pública como conteúdo pedagógico na Educação e teve como objetivo analisar as perceções dos professores relativamente ao conhecimento e à pertinência pedagógica da arte pública na educação básica. A abordagem qualitativa foi a opção metodológica, tendo a coleta de dado sido efetuada mediante entrevista individual aos professores. Os resultados indicam que os professores reconhecem na arte pública um interesse educativo que possibilita aos alunos o desenvolvimento de competências que concorrem para o seu desenvolvimento pessoal, social e cultural.
Cartografía social. Los simulacros culturales en el chat
Authors: Hernandez Ramírez Giselda E.
Published: March 2021

Este foto ensayo sintetiza una cartografía social realizada en la Universidad de las Artes de Cuba a partir de la creación de grupos de chat en la Facultad de Arte danzario en el mes de marzo del (2020) como alternativa para impartir docencia ante la situación de confinamiento que se vive en el mundo, en el mismo se analizan los simulacros culturalesgenerados por la propia dinámica de los grupos, se exponen los acuerdos efímeros, capacidad de representación, entrecruzamientos de planos mentales y conductuales en el chat con una noción performativa, así como, los ejercicios de poder para en alguna medida develar las cotidianidades de los grupos creados y su contenido de valor simbólico y criterios de distinción
Feminist Stereotypes and Women’s Roles in Spanish Radio Ads
Authors: Fajula Anna , Barbeito Mariluz , Barrio Estrella , Enrique Ana Maria , Perona Juan José
Published: March 2021

This article takes a quantitative approach to Spanish radio advertising and the stereotypes and female roles that it broadcasts in a medium that has traditionally had high female audience rates in our country. From content analysis of 679 radio ads extracted from the 3 main general Spanish radio stations and collected 10 years apart, the study attempts to show the evolution (or regression) of how radio advertising portrays women. The radio in Spain has always been a medium anchored in the real world that has also provided some degree of space to broadcast social movement. #MeToo, as a phenomenon promoting female empowerment, was no exception. Therefore, this longitudinal study aims to demonstrate whether the social movements that led to increased female activism have been reflected in a change of roles and stereotypes projected by radio advertising messages. The work presented here looks at the concept of role from a dual perspective: firstly, it focuses on the role played by female voices in radio advertising items. Secondly, it works on the concept of role by assimilating it into the female image projected in radio advertising items. The results obtained between the two samples are remarkably similar, demonstrating a clear tendency to polarise the female image and confirming that women are still being portrayed in significantly traditional roles.
GEORGE KENNAN AND THE RUSSIAN-AMERICAN TELEGRAPH EXPEDITION
Authors: Zahorodnia A.
Published: March 2021

The article aims to analyze the participation of George Kennan, a prominent U.S. expert on Russian affairs, in the Western Union telegraph expedition and explain in what way it shaped his outlook on the Russian Empire. The research pays special attention to the factors that led to the development of Kennan’s affectionate feelings towards Russia and the impact they made on his views. The explorer’s travelogue “Tent Life in Siberia”, which serves as the main primary source for this research, shows that after the first journey Kennan showed very little awareness of the tsarist’s repressive policy and therefore created a positive public image of Russia in the U.S.
Legal aspects of preventing and combating political corruption in Ukraine
Authors: Korchak Nataliia , Korchak Yaroslav
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is to comprehensively study political corruption as a phenomenon of social life in terms of legal aspects of its prevention and counteraction. The content of the publication is determined by the specifics of the subject of research and reflects the interdisciplinary approach to the disclosure of the topic.
The article presents a comprehensive study of political, managerial and legal aspects of understanding political corruption. Emphasis is placed on the essence (nature) of political corruption as a phenomenon of the political process, and therefore - on the lack of a common conceptual understanding of the concept of "political corruption".
It is emphasized that the concepts of "corruption" and "political corruption" are not identical in content or legal characteristics. The political aspect of corruption is an insufficient basis for extending the legal signs of corruption to actions that have signs of political corruption. It is argued that the task of legal science is to identify the causes, establish the preconditions and find the most effective measures to prevent and specify the means of combating political corruption.
It is established that, unlike corrupt acts, types of behavior in the field of political corruption are not covered by legal liability measures. This is due to the lack of legal definition of "political corruption" in the current legislation. However, within the framework of normative regulation of relations in the field of state funding of political parties, a legal mechanism for preventing political corruption in Ukraine has been formed and operates.
This led to the conclusion that due to the establishment of requirements and restrictions on the financing of political parties, the introduction of transparency and accountability of political parties and election campaigns, the legislator launched state control over the finances of political parties represented by the National Agency for Prevention of Corruption and to administrative or criminal liability for the relevant offenses.
In view of this, emphasis is placed on the importance of understanding the legal aspects of political corruption, influencing political parties through finances, strengthening the financial discipline of political parties, improving the system of state control over the financing of political parties, and ensuring responsibility for violations in political financing.
The scientific novelty of the article is the legal analysis of actions in the field of political corruption in terms of the introduction of legal mechanisms to prevent its manifestations. The practical significance of the article is related to the possibility of further use of its materials in the educational process, conducting interdisciplinary research on the phenomenon of political corruption and forming proposals for improving the legislative mechanisms of state control over the financial activities of political parties.
Comparative studies, etypics, imagology and innovation in scientific state governance: methodological aspects
Authors: Lakhizha Mykola
Published: March 2021

The article considers the problems of improving the methodology of science "public administration" related to the use of innovative areas of research, in particular, comparative studies, archetypes and imagology. The research hypothesis is based on the statement of the dynamism of the science of public administration, which is related to the specifics of the post-communist transformation of society and government, globalization and informatization. Thus, the science of public administration can and should develop only if the methodology of scientific research, the use of modern technologies and the achievements of other sciences are constantly updated.
Improving research methodology is considered primarily in the light of globalization and informatization. It is claimed that new technologies allow to set and solve complex scientific problems not only in the technical but also in the humanities. The relative availability of sources and literature due to informatization requires an increase in the culture of working with them. The researcher in the field of public administration should master not only theoretical knowledge in the field of his work, but also master the skills and abilities to work with modern technologies, which significantly expands the possibilities of scientific analysis and generalization.
A study of the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the methodology of public administration science, as well as publications in the field of comparative studies. The intensification of the use of innovative technologies of scientific research is noted, their essence and directions of application are characterized. Some examples of such studies are given.
It is revealed that the methods of comparative studies are actively used in research, which is primarily devoted to the study of foreign experience, comparison of definitions, approaches and mechanisms. Ukraine has developed its own school of archetypes, which accumulates the achievements of various sciences, uses the work of foreign scientists and seeks to expand the methodological field of archetypal research. The possibilities of imagology are still only partially used, but they provide significant additional tools for understanding the image of power.
Spectral investigations of magnetic fields and thermodynamic conditions in active regions on the Sun
Authors: Lozitsky V.
Published: March 2021

The main results of studies of magnetic fields and thermodynamic conditions in active regions in the Sun obtained at the Astronomical Observatory of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (AO KNU) during the last 10 years (2010–2019) are presented. The true diameter of the extremely small(spatially unresolved) magnetic flux tubes was estimated on a base of data from Hinode Space Observatory; this diameter was found to be within the range of 15–20 km, which is much smaller than the spatial resolution limit of the largest solar telescopes to date (≈ 60 km). According to the observations made at AO KNU, it was shown that there are three types of magnetic fields in a solar faculae: strong (kilogauss range) fields in small-scale flux tubes, areas of weak and moderate background fields of regular polarity, and areas of sub-telescopic fields of mixed polarity. The magnetic flux of mixed polarity exceeds the absolute flux of the entire field of regular polarity by at least 2 times. In the sunspot umbra observed at GST of AO KNU and ATsU-5 of GAO NASU, thin spectral effects of Zeeman splitting were found, which indicate presence of very strong magnetic fields at least of 5,8 kG. The polarity of the magnetic field in sub-telescopic structures with such very strong fields is found to be the same as in the background field, and the Doppler velocity is about 2 km/s (plasma lifting). Super- strong magnetic fields in the range of 5–5,7 kG were also detected from observations of the Big Bear Observatory (BBSO), USA. A unique observational material also obtained on AO KNU concerning the area of a seismic source of extremely powerful solar flare on October 28, 2003 of X17.2 / 4B class was analyzed. This solar flare had a Balmer decrement with a record intensity ratio I (Hβ) / I (Hα) = 1,68 of the Hβ and Hα lines, which is unprecedented for all flares observed. In this flare, indications of the existence of particularly strong magnetic fields in the range of several tens of kilogauss were found. The semi-empirical model of this flare has an interesting feature, namely three discrete layers with high plasma concentration and temperature, including a very thick and thin layer in the chromosphere with the following parameters: hydrogen concentration nH = 1018 cm–3, thickness Δh = 3–5 km and height h ≈ 1200 km above the level of the photosphere. In active solar prominences, rather strong magnetic fields (up to 4 kG) were detected at altitudes of 3–14 Mm. The modeling of spectral line profiles within the two-component model showed that the true magnitude of local magnetic fields can be even greater by at least 3 times. A theoretical MHD model is proposed, according to which such high strengths occur in force-free magnetic ropes with a characteristic scale of 300 km.
Using Machine Learning Methods to Solve Problems of Forecasting Demand for New Products in the Internet Marketplace
Authors: Osin A.A. , Fomin A.K. , Sologub G.B. , Vinogradov V.I.
Published: March 2021

The work is aimed at researching the possibility of using machine learning methods to build models for forecasting demand for new products in the online store Ozon. ru. Approaches to the solution that were not previously used in a specific task are proposed for consideration. Data on sales history and storage of goods at Ozon.ru are used as a sample. There is a description and analysis of the approximate loss of the Ozon.ru website, the data used, the process of building a base model, and the results obtained. It describes the metrics used to evaluate the prediction results and makes a comparative analysis between the prediction results of the built model and the results of heuristically selected values.
Calibrating the 2016 IRIS Wavefields Experiment Nodal Sensors for Amplitude Statics and Orientation Errors
Authors: Bolarinwa Oluwaseyi J. , Langston Charles A.
Published: March 2021

We used teleseismic P and S waves recorded in the course of the 2016 Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) community-planned experiment in northern Oklahoma, to estimate amplitude correction factors (ACFs) and orientation correction factors (OCFs) for the gradiometer’s three-component Fairfield nodal sensors and two other gradiometer-styled subarray nodal sensors. These subarrays were embedded in the 13 km aperture nodal array that was also fielded during the 2016 IRIS experiment. The array calibration method we used in this study is based on the premise that a common wavefield should be recorded over a small-aperture array using teleseismic observation. In situ estimates of ACF for the gradiometer vary by 2.3% (standard deviation) for the vertical components and, typically, variability is less than 4.3% for the horizontal components; associated OCFs generally dispersed by 3°. For the two subarrays, the vertical-component ACF usually vary up to 2.4%; their horizontal-component ACFs largely spread up to 3.6%. OCFs for the subarrays generally disperse by 6.5°. ACF and OCF estimates for the gradiometer are seen to be stable across frequency bands having high signal coherence and/or signal-to-noise ratio. Gradiometry analyses of calibrated and uncalibrated gradiometer records from a local event revealed notable improvements in accuracy of attributes obtained from analyzing the calibrated horizontal-component waveforms in the light of catalog epicenter-derived azimuth. The improved waveform relative amplitudes after calibration, coupled with the enhanced wave attribute accuracy, suggests that instrument calibration for amplitude statics and orientation errors should be encouraged prior to doing gradiometry analysis in future studies.
Earthquake Magnitudes from Dynamic Strain
Authors: Barbour Andrew J. , Langbein John O. , Farghal Noha S.
Published: March 2021

Dynamic strains have never played a role in determining local earthquake magnitudes, which are routinely set by displacement waveforms from seismic instrumentation (e.g., ML). We present a magnitude scale for local earthquakes based on broadband dynamic strain waveforms. This scale is derived from the peak root-mean-squared strains (A) in 4589 records of dynamic strain associated with 365 crustal earthquakes and 77 borehole strainmeters along the Pacific-North American plate boundary on the west coast of the United States and Canada. In this data set, catalog moment magnitudes range from 3.5≤Mw≤7.2, and hypocentral distances range from 6≤R≤500  km. The 1D representation of geometrical spreading and attenuation of A common to all strain data is logA0(R)=−0.00072R−1.45log(R). After correcting for instrument gain, site terms, and event terms, the magnitude scale, MDS=logA−logA0(R)−log(3×10−9), scales as ≈0.92Mw with a residual standard deviation of 0.19. This close association with Mw holds for events east of the −124° meridian; west of this boundary, however, a constant correction of 0.41 is needed to adjust for additional along-path attenuation effects. As a check on the accuracy of this magnitude scale, we apply it to dynamic strain records from three strainmeters located in the near field of the 2019 M 6.4 and 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquakes. Results from these six records are in agreement to within 0.5 magnitude units, and five out of six records are in agreement to within 0.34 units.
Covid-19 Pandemic and the World Order
Authors: Chebankova Elena , Dutkiewicz Petr
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the origins, nature, and potential outcomes of the global crisis induced by the Covid-19 pandemic. The authors argue that the crisis has been animated by the two most important groups of factors that have been simmering in the world‘s economic and political system during the past six decades and have been accelerated by the pandemic. First, the dynamic of the Covid-19 crisis illuminated the existing challenges of the contemporary capitalist system, which is generally legitimated via the instruments of moral panic and media manipulation. Each consecutive crisis of capitalism ends with the redistribution of power resources to some groups of participants. Second, the Covid-19 crisis has been taking place within the conditions of a systemic and ideological struggle between two global elite factions that harbour drastically different approaches to the changing world order and have different politico-economic goals and intentions. The authors will argue that the crisis will not change the world drastically, yet it will amplify these ongoing tensions, illuminate them to many general observers, and deepen the already-existing systemic instability.
“Кризис призвания” в Государственном департаменте: проблемы конвертации внешнеполитического потенциала США во влияние
Authors: Сушенцов Андрей , Павлов Владимир
Published: March 2021

Несмотря на высокий совокупный уровень американской мощи, большой потенциал мягкой силы и значительные объемы финансирования, выделяемые на дипломатию и ее кадровую укомплектованность, целый ряд событий последних лет свидетельствует о проблеме конвертации внешнеполитического потенциала Соединенных Штатов в реальное влияние. Анализ эволюции приоритетов и рабочих процессов Государственного департамента США с окончания холодной войны свидетельствует о том, что президентские администрации неоднократно подходил к решению этой проблемы с различными проектами реформы. Однако ни один из них не позволил разрешить основополагающую проблему внешнеполитического ведомства. Госсекретари заступали на работу в министерство с новой, зачастую глубоко идеалистической нормативной программой, стремясь “перезагрузить” свое ведомство на новый лад. Рассматривая практику функционирования Государственного департамента в администрациях Дж. Буша – ст., Б. Клинтона, Дж. Буша – мл., Б. Обамы и Д. Трампа, авторы приходят к выводу о том, что американский внешнеполитический процесс страдает от набора хронических проблем, которые не удается разрешить, а в отдельных случаях даже правильно определить действующим лицам внешней политики США. В их числе (1) использование внешней политики в качестве инструмента реализации внутриполитических целей, (2) избыточный нормативный акцент во внешнеполитическом целеполагании и (3) утрата американским внешнеполитическим сообществом культуры воспитания квалификационных навыков для дипломатов. Авторы констатируют, что указанные проблемы конвертации внешнеполитического потенциала США во влияние трудно устранимы, однако США устраивает такое положение дел, пока сохраняется значительный дисбаланс в финансировании внешней политики между ними и основными международными соперниками.