bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between dietary insulin index and load with brain derived neurotrophic factor, adropin and metabolic health status in Iranian adults
Authors: Nematbakhsh Roxana , Hajhashemy Zahra , Lotfi Keyhan , Shahdadian Farnaz , Rouhani Parisa , Saneei Parvane
Published: November 2023

The associations of high potential insulinogenic foods with metabolic health (MH) status and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin were not investigated quite enough. We examined the relationship between dietary insulin load (DIL) and dietary insulin index (DII) with MH and serum levels of BDNF and adropin among Iranian adults. This cross-sectional investigation accomplished among 527 Iranian middle-aged adults (54.3% men). Dietary information was obtained by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were assessed. For measuring lipid and glycemic profile and serum levels of BDNF and adropin, blood samples were assembled after 12 h of fasting. MH was defined based on lipid and glycemic profile, high blood pressure, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. After adjustments all confounders, participants in the highest tertile of DII compared to the lowest one had a 115% increased odds for metabolic unhealthy (MU) profile (ORT3 vs. T1 = 2.15, 95% CI 1.03–4.49). However, DIL was not related to MU. Higher DII was additionally associated with high blood pressure, in maximally-adjusted model (ORT3 vs. T1 = 3.57, 95% CI 1.61–7.92). Moreover, moderate DIL was significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia (ORT2 vs. T1 = 2.56, 95% CI 1.01–6.45). Each tertile increase in DII or DIL was not significantly associated with serum BDNF or adropin values. Greater DII was associated with higher chance of MU and hypertension in Iranian adults; but no association was found between DIL and metabolic health. DIL or DII was not related to circulating BDNF or adropin. To confirm these findings, additional prospective investigations are required.
Real-time machine learning model to predict in-hospital cardiac arrest using heart rate variability in ICU
Authors: Lee Hyeonhoon , Yang Hyun-Lim , Ryu Ho Geol , Jung Chul-Woo , Cho Youn Joung , Yoon Soo Bin , Yoon Hyun-Kyu , Lee Hyung-Chul
Published: November 2023

Predicting in-hospital cardiac arrest in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) allows prompt interventions to improve patient outcomes. We developed and validated a machine learning-based real-time model for in-hospital cardiac arrest predictions using electrocardiogram (ECG)-based heart rate variability (HRV) measures. The HRV measures, including time/frequency domains and nonlinear measures, were calculated from 5 min epochs of ECG signals from ICU patients. A light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) algorithm was used to develop the proposed model for predicting in-hospital cardiac arrest within 0.5–24 h. The LGBM model using 33 HRV measures achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.881 (95% CI: 0.875–0.887) and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.104 (95% CI: 0.093–0.116). The most important feature was the baseline width of the triangular interpolation of the RR interval histogram. As our model uses only ECG data, it can be easily applied in clinical practice.
Fermentation technology as a driver of human brain expansion
Authors: Bryant Katherine L. , Hansen Christi , Hecht Erin E.
Published: November 2023

Brain tissue is metabolically expensive. Consequently, the evolution of humans’ large brains must have occurred via concomitant shifts in energy expenditure and intake. Proposed mechanisms include dietary shifts such as cooking. Importantly, though, any new food source must have been exploitable by hominids with brains a third the size of modern humans’. Here, we propose the initial metabolic trigger of hominid brain expansion was the consumption of externally fermented foods. We define “external fermentation” as occurring outside the body, as opposed to the internal fermentation in the gut. External fermentation could increase the bioavailability of macro- and micronutrients while reducing digestive energy expenditure and is supported by the relative reduction of the human colon. We discuss the explanatory power of our hypothesis and survey external fermentation practices across human cultures to demonstrate its viability across a range of environments and food sources. We close with suggestions for empirical tests.
Perceived feasibility and potential barriers of a net-zero system transition among Japanese experts
Authors: Ju Yiyi , Sugiyama Masahiro , Shiraki Hiroto
Published: November 2023

Many governments and non-state actors have pledged to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, raising questions about the feasibility of these decarbonization goals. The existing literature, however, mostly relied on technoeconomic assessments and lack broad contextual considerations such as national conditions and local sociocultural characteristics. Here, we present a framework for assessing perceived feasibility and multi-dimensional barriers for net-zero transition that can complement existing methods of technoeconomic traditions. We applied this framework to the Japanese net-zero goal by surveying more than 100 experts from diverse fields with a shared national context. Most of the experts supported the desirability of the net-zero goal and chose a probability of 33–66% for its feasibility. However, the distribution of feasibility assessments differs between groups of integrated assessment modelers and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change authors and other researchers, suggesting opportunities for further exploration within and between communities. Identified barriers reflect a unique national condition of Japan and include the limitations of national strategies and clean energy supply. The present framework can be extended to non-experts, data-scarce geographies and sectors.
The modulation of tumor-associated macrophages via natural nanomodulators by neutralizing the acidic tumor microenvironment for tumor treatment
Authors: Peng Lei , Zhang Chenxu , Zhou Guanlun , Yu Ao , Wang Yongjian
Published: November 2023

A nano-modulator is developed that inhibits tumor growth by modulating the tumor acidic microenvironment and the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages for cancer therapy.
Engineering the solid-state luminescence of organic crystals and cocrystals
Authors: Dar Aijaz A. , Lone Shaista H. , Ahmad Ishtiyaq , Ahangar Aadil A. , Ganie Arshid A. , Femina Cherumannil
Published: November 2023

A crystal engineering approach has been used to investigate the integrated impact of functionalization and co-crystallization on the photophysical properties of organic solids.
A facile strategy for the large-scale preparation of starch-based AIE luminescent nanoaggregatesviahost–guest interactions and their versatile applications
Authors: Shi Yupeng , Xia Yaning , Zhou Mengyang , Shi Qiuna , Meng Li , Kam Chuen , Gao Hui , Cheng Jingliang , Tang Ben Zhong , Chen Sijie , Zhao Engui
Published: November 2023

Fluorescent nanoparticles with enhanced fluorescence, reduced susceptibility to photobleaching and low cytotoxicity are facilely prepared, and their applications in fluorescent hydrogel, fingerprint detection, cell and lymphatic system imaging are demonstrated.
Synthesis of MnOOH and its application in a supporting hexagonal Pd/C catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Cheng Zheng , Cheng Wei , Lin Xin-Ning , Zhang Rong-Hua , Yan Luo-Yi , Tian Gui-Xian , Shen Xiao-Yu , Zhou Xin-Wen
Published: November 2023

Under the synergistic effect of the triblock copolymer P123 and sucrose, the obtained hexagonal Pd can be loaded onto the chain MnOOH and three-dimensional carbon grid, and the formed Pd-C-MnOOH composite catalyst shows enhanced ORR performance.
Tuning the electronic structure of Pd by the surface configuration of Al2O3 for hydrogenation reactions
Authors: Liu Yinglei , Ma Chicheng , Zhang Jiye , Zhou Huiying , Qin Gaowu , Li Song
Published: November 2023

The distinct acid–base properties of γ-Al2O3 and η-Al2O3 confer electron-rich and electron-deficient characteristics on it supported Pd nanoparticles, selectively enhancing nitrobenzene and phenylacetylene hydrogenation, respectively.
Crystalline architectures of C84 with tunable morphology and linearly polarized red emission
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhu Botao , Xiong Jie , Wu Shuo , Sun Jiaxin , Cong Hailin , Feng Lai
Published: November 2023

C84 microprisms with similar crystalline structures are prepared, which exhibit polymorphism depending on the preparation conditions. These microprisms show linearly polarized red emissions with a high polarization ratio (ρ) of 0.42–0.58.
Tannic acid promotes the activation of persulfate with Fe(ii) for highly efficient trichloroethylene removal
Authors: Che Mingda , Su Hongjian , Zhao Xudong , Fu Daqing , Huang Renliang , Guo Xuehui , Su Rongxin
Published: November 2023

Due to the Fe-TA chelation and the reducibility of tannic acid, the concentration of Fe(ii) was effectively regulated and slowly released during the removal process to activate persulfate for continuously releasing reactive species.
Magnetoplasmonic photonic arrays for rapid and selective colorimetric detection of chloride ions in water
Authors: Tran Van Tan , Dao Van-Duong , Nguyen Huu-Quang , Tufa Lemma Teshome , Lee Jaebeom , Hoang Van-Tuan , Le Anh-Tuan
Published: November 2023

Introducing a rapid, color-changing assay for Cl− detection in water, this study showcases high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, suitable for both environmental and biomedical applications, and offers versatility in detecting various anions for on-site screening.
Synthesis and vectorial functionalisation of pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridines
Authors: Bedwell Elizabeth V. , da Silva Emery Flavio , Clososki Giuliano C. , Steel Patrick G.
Published: November 2023

Vectorial functionalisation of heterocyclic cores provides a simple route to diverse building blocks for fragment-based drug discovery application.
Preparation and temperature-controlled morphology of helical microrods composed of supramolecular α-cyclodextrin assemblies
Authors: Kida Toshiyuki , Teragaki Ayumi , Ishida Haruya , Sonoda Sayaka , Miyasaka Momoka , Shigemitsu Hajime
Published: November 2023

Helical microrods comprising supramolecular α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) assemblies are fabricated by allowing an α-CD/HFIP/2-pentanol gel to stand at 30–60 °C under high humidity conditions.
Ridge localization driven by wrinkle packets
Authors: Guan Xianheng , Nguyen Nhung , Cerda Enrique , Pocivavsek Luka , Velankar Sachin S.
Published: November 2023

A thin film can sometimes buckle in a localized fashion where high-curvature buckled regions coexist with substantially-flat regions. We propose a new mechanism wherein localization is not a post-buckling phenomenon, but emerges from packet-like fluctuations near the buckling threshold.
Recent progress in eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn): surface modification and applications
Authors: Ge Wensong , Wang Rui , Zhu Xiaoyang , Zhang Houchao , Sun Luanfa , Wang Fei , Li Hongke , Li Zhenghao , Du Xinyi , Chen Huangyu , Zhang Fan , Shi Huifa , Hu Huiqiang , Xi Yongming , He Jiankang , Hu Liang , Lan Hongbo
Published: November 2023

EGaIn plays an important role in flexible electronics, this paper focuses on a review of the key factors affecting the surface tension of liquid metals and surface modification methods and applications.
Unconventional stoichiometric two-dimensional potassium nitrides with anion-driven metallicity and superconductivity
Authors: Yang Qiuping , Zhao Ying , Jiang Xue , Wang Baotian , Zhao Jijun
Published: November 2023

The design of compounds with interesting coordination geometries, exotic oxidation states, and intriguing properties is of fundamental interest in physics, chemistry, and materials science.
Differential, Linear, and Meet‐in‐the‐Middle Attacks on the Lightweight Block Cipher RBFK
Authors: Nobuyuki Sugio
Published: November 2023

Randomized butterfly architecture of fast Fourier transform for key cipher (RBFK) is the lightweight block cipher for Internet of things devices in an edge computing environment. Although the authors claimed that RBFK is secure against differential cryptanalysis, linear cryptanalysis, impossible differential attack, and zero correlation linear cryptanalysis, the details were not explained in the literature. Therefore, we have evaluated the security of RBFK by application of differential cryptanalysis, linear cryptanalysis, and meet‐in‐the‐middle (MITM) attack and have found that RBFK is not secure against these attacks. This paper introduces not only a distinguish attack but also key recovery attacks on full‐round RBFK. In the distinguish attack scenario, data for differential cryptanalysis are two, and the time complexity is one for an exclusive‐OR operation. In the key recovery attack scenario, the data for linear cryptanalysis are one pair of known plaintext–ciphertext. The time complexity is one operation for a linear sum. Data for an MITM attack are two. The time complexity is 248 encryptions; the memory complexity is 245 bytes. Because the vulnerabilities are identified in the round function and the key scheduling part, we propose some improvements for RBFK against these attacks.
Peak‐valley period partition and abnormal time correction for time‐of‐use tariffs under daily load curves based on improved fuzzy c‐means
Authors: Wang Peng , Ma Yiwei , Ling Zhiqi , Luo Genhong
Published: November 2023

Peak‐valley period partition of load curve is a key aspect of time‐of‐use (ToU) tariff to improve power load characteristics, such as shifting peak loads towards valley time periods. Fuzzy clustering algorithm is an effective and popular method commonly used to solve the peak‐valley period partition of load curves, but it still encounters the difficulty of dividing some data within the boundary regions of different time periods. Therefore, this paper presents a peak‐valley period partition and abnormal time correction scheme for ToU tariffs under typical daily load curves based on improved fuzzy C‐means (FCM) clustering algorithm. In order to improve the accuracy of peak‐valley period partition, modified fuzzy membership functions are proposed to improve the initialization of FCM clustering, and a loss function‐based method is presented for calculating the fuzzy parameters of those membership functions. To resolve the problem of abnormal time partitioning within the boundaries of different time periods, an abnormal time period recognition model and a correction model based on fuzzy subsethood are proposed to obtain the final corrected peak‐valley time period partitioning results. On the MATLAB R2020b platform, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through two real daily load curves with a time resolution of 5 min.
Low complexity resource allocation scheme for IRS‐assisted downlink non‐orthogonal multiple access systems
Authors: Ming Ren , Rong Zhang
Published: November 2023

A low complexity resource allocation method is proposed for downlink non‐orthogonal multiple access system assisted by intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). Firstly, an optimisation problem is formulated to minimise power consumption, with power allocation and IRS phase shifts as variables. Then, the joint optimisation problem of power allocation and IRS phase shifts is transformed into the optimisation of IRS phase shifts, which is further decomposed into multiple single variable sub‐problems, the solutions to which can be obtained by using the function extremum method. Next, based on these sub‐problems, one‐level iterative algorithm is developed to optimise IRS phase shifts. Finally, the minimum power required by each user is calculated based on the IRS phase shifts obtained through iteration. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is better than the existing schemes in the same scenario under the same rate requirement in terms of computational complexity and power consumption.
The current state of the biotechnology market and its main development trends
Authors: Musaeva Bela
Published: November 2023

The biotechnology market is currently in a state of dynamic evolution, with significant global impact and implications. This article provides an overview of the current state of the biotechnology market and its primary development trends. It explores the key drivers behind the growth of biotechnology, including advances in genomics, personalized medicine, and the increasing demand for sustainable solutions in agriculture and industry. The article also delves into the challenges faced by the biotech sector, such as regulatory complexities and ethical considerations. Furthermore, it analyzes the market dynamics and competition, highlighting the contributions of both established players and innovative startups in the biotech landscape. Through the examination of recent trends and breakthroughs in biotechnological research, the article offers insights into the future trajectory of the industry. The biotechnology market is poised for continued growth and transformation, with potential applications in various fields, from healthcare and pharmaceuticals to environmental conservation and renewable energy. The article concludes with a focus on the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead, emphasizing the need for strategic investment, interdisciplinary collaboration, and forward-thinking policies to navigate the evolving landscape of the biotechnology market.
Vertical Farming as a Unique Solution for Future Agricultural Challenges
Authors: Aliev Rizvan Idrisovich , Goguzokov Timur Khalifovich , Belyaeva Elena Viktorovna
Published: November 2023

Future challenges or the unrelenting human mind provide us with new ideas that make the unthinkable a reality, changing all our representations of how things might be done in a completely different and more beneficial way. It was inevitable that the agricultural sector would change dramatically over the years, as new challenges were not considered in traditional farming. Vertical farming is a new way of growing some vegetables in a more unique way that benefits in many aspects. The novel aspect that might find a new discoverer of the technique is no soil usage in growing vegetables. There are other aspects that put this technique ahead in some cases. This article will focus on explaining what vertical farming is and also its advantages and disadvantages. Also, the future application of the technique will be covered.
Climate change and global warming: The global carbon cycle
Authors: Gadzhiev Nadir , Vagapova Ayna , Yaumieva Elita
Published: November 2023

Climate change and global warming are intimately linked to the global carbon cycle, a vital aspect of Earth’s natural processes. This cycle plays a central role in regulating the Earth’s climate and atmospheric composition. To better understand these phenomena, it is essential to examine the global carbon cycle and how it interacts with climate change and global warming. This interplay between the carbon cycle and climatic shifts influences our planet’s ecological stability, making it a topic of paramount importance in environmental science. In this exploration, we will delve into the mechanisms and dynamics of the global carbon cycle, its influence on greenhouse gas concentrations, and the feedback loops that contribute to climate change and global warming. Understanding these interconnected processes is fundamental in addressing the ongoing climate crisis and developing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies for a more sustainable future.
Functional classification of forests: Study of carbon sequestration
Authors: Gakaev Rustam
Published: November 2023

The article substantiates the relevance of developing a functional classification of forests based on the effectiveness of their performance of ecosystem functions. Using the example of nine types of coniferous-deciduous forests that dominate the European part of Russia and operate in autonomous positions of the landscape, we demonstrate a possible approach to assessing their function of regulating the carbon cycle based on the relationships between informative indicators of vegetation composition, soil macrofauna and ecosystem processes associated with sequestration soil carbon. The lowest level of soil carbon accumulation is characterized by coniferous-deciduous forests on sandy soils, characterized by low functional diversity and low earthworm biomass. A high stock of soil carbon is demonstrated by forests with a more uniform distribution of functional groups of plants with rapidly and slowly decomposing litter within the vegetation. This is explained by the creation of trophic and topical conditions favorable for the functioning of earthworms - active processors of litter in coniferous-deciduous forests. Large-scale assessment of the relationships between vegetation, soil biota, and ecosystem processes that shape the carbon cycle regulation function of Russian forests is an urgent scientific task in connection with climate change issues. Based on an assessment of the effectiveness of the performance of various ecosystem functions by forests of different types, identified in Russia using vegetation classifications, a functional classification of forests can be created.
The Role of Biotechnology and Biotechnology Clusters in Global and Regional Economy Development
Authors: Gazieva Laila , Valeev Sergey , Anokhina Olga
Published: November 2023

Biotechnology represents a widely acknowledged interdisciplinary field that harnesses biological systems and processes to drive advancements in technology and economics. Given its rapid proliferation, it has emerged as a pivotal factor in global economic development. The primary objective of this review article is to underscore the significant role played by biotechnology in advancing technology across diverse sectors of the economy. Furthermore, the paper underscores the value of biotechnology clusters in catalysing economic growth, particularly in nations undergoing active development. This investigation encompasses a comprehensive analysis of international practices, offers a nation-specific assessment, and underscores the advantages that biotechnology clusters can bestow upon businesses and regional economies. The research also formulates recommendations for the advancement of the biotechnology sector in Russia and the promotion of local companies’ involvement in biotechnology clusters.
Possibilities of deterioration of artificial intelligence
Authors: Magomedov Islam Arbievich , Aygumov Timur Gadzhievich , Pikuleva Natalya Ivanovna
Published: November 2023

The following article covers the modern technology that changed the known world for the humans dramatically. Its influence is only increasing and its adaption rate by industries is moving parallel. This technology might provide some solid results and transformation in one field and might have negative influence on the other parts. Therefore, this article will be aimed to illustrate what is AI technology and its common application and therefore its impact on them. This article also covers future perspectives of the technology.
Trustworthiness of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Predictions via Simulation-based Synthetic Data Augmentation and Multitask Learning
Authors: Finotello Riccardo , L’Hermite Daniel , Quéré Celine , Rouge Benjamin , Tamaazousti Mohamed , Sirven Jean-Baptiste
Published: November 2023

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a versatile technique that can be used to quickly measure the concentration of elements in ambient air. We tackle the issues of performance and trustworthiness of the statistical model used for predictions. We propose a method for improving the performance and trustworthiness of statistical models for LIBS. Our method uses deep convolutional multitask learning architectures to predict the concentration of the analyte and additional information as auxiliary outputs. We also introduce a simulation-based data augmentation process to synthesize more training samples. The secondary predictions from the model are used to characterize, quantify and validate its trustworthiness, taking advantage of the mutual dependencies of the weights of the neural networks. As a consequence, these output can be used to successfully detect anomalies, such as changes in the experimental conditions, and out-of-distribution samples. Results on different types of materials show that the proposed method improves the robustness and trueness of the predictions.
Characterization of a new reduced-height CALORRE differential calorimeter for CALOR-I Irradiation in MITR
Authors: Volte A. , Hauptman S. , Carpenter D. , Carette M. , Lyoussi A. , Kohse G. , Reynard-Carette C.
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the preliminary characterization of a new reduced-height CALORRE differential calorimeter designed and fabricated for the irradiation in the MITR within the framework of the CALOR-I program. The paper begins by focusing on the preparation of the irradiation campaign, providing a brief and concise description of the MITR core and the newly fabricated differential calorimeter assembly. Next, the paper presents the preliminary experimental characterization conducted under laboratory conditions. This section includes a detailed presentation of the updated experimental set-up and the key metrological characteristics of the sensor response obtained from the first experimental results. Furthermore, the paper estimates and highlights the responses of the calorimeter calculated by means of a 3-D numerical thermal model under real conditions considering local heat sources determined by the NRL of the MIT using MCNP code. In conclusion, the paper offers some final remarks and prospects to realize the irradiation campaign successfully.
Flux and Nuclear Heating Rate Calculations for CALORRE Irradiation in MITR
Authors: Hauptman S. , Volte A. , Kohse G. , Carette M. , Lyoussi A. , Reynard-Carette C.
Published: November 2023

This work summarizes neutronic calculations performed for the CALORRE differential calorimeter specifically designed by Aix Marseille University to inform the irradiation campaign planning for testing in MITR within the framework of the CALOR-I research program. MCNP software was used to predict the neutron and gamma flux spectrum, and total nuclear heating rate to the components of the calorimeter in a variety of positions. Results were compared to evaluate spatial bias, core loading effects, optimization for axial position, and provide input data for thermal multi-physics modelling.
Radiation measurements in reactor pulse mode at the JSI TRIGA reactor – Power meter based on Cherenkov light intensity measurements
Authors: Peric Julijan , Radulović Vladimir , Barbot Loïc , De Izarra Grégoire
Published: November 2023

The Cherenkov power meter developed at the Jožef Stefan Institute (JSI) is an independent, reliable and cost-effective measurement system based on Cherenkov radiation detection, used to measure fast power transients during pulse operation at the JSI TRIGA research reactor. It is based on a closed tube in order to avoid interference from external light sources and radiation damage experienced by optical fibers. The tube is placed in the reactor core periphery, the bottom part of the tube is filled with water, serving as the source of Cherenkov light. The measurements obtained in the framework of an extensive experimental campaign in collaboration with the French Atomic and Alternative Energy Commission (CEA) focused on reactor pulse operation using the Cherenkov power meter show excellent agreement with existing nuclear instrumentation (TRIGA pulse recorder), especially for high peak power pulses. However, the Cherenkov power meter outperforms the TRIGA pulse recorder in accurately recording low peak power pulses. The power vs. time behavior measured with the Cherenkov power meter is in accordance with measurements using miniature fission and ionization chambers developed at the CEA. The possibility of reactor pulse characterization based on measurements with the Cherenkov power meter combined with neutron dosimetry measurements sets the basis for enabling irradiation during pulse operation at JSI TRIGA research reactor in the future.
Hot-spots finding with modular gamma-ray system for sort and segregate activities
Authors: Elio Poma Gaetano , Cosentino Luigi , Longhitano Fabio , Finocchiaro Paolo
Published: November 2023

In the framework of the PI3SO project (Proximity Imaging System for Sort and Segregate Operations) funded by INFN-Energy project, aimed at the low and intermediate level radioactive waste (radwaste) classification, conditioning and characterization, a scanning system based on a set of 128 gamma-ray detectors based on CsI(Tl) crystal scintillators readout by a silicon photomultiplier have been built and characterized. These are arranged in linear arrays grouped in modules, each one being made of sixteen detection elements compose a sensitive unit, named module, and eight modules define the full-scintillators scanning system. The combination of four modules, arranged in a linear configuration, defines a sliding linear array named detection unit. Placed one above a scanning table and the other parallel to it underneath the table, the two co-moving detection units detect gamma-rays from sparse objects on table improving the detection of partially gamma sources and they will identify the hot-spot. The described modules are suitable for the sorting of nuclear materials and can be used as scanner of radioactive objects placed on a large area surface. Each unit was tested with point-like laboratory gamma-ray 137Cs and 22Na source: the results are promising in view of the integration with the mechanical system which will move the detection units scanning the radwaste. Next step are planned tests in a real environment.
Gamma-ray spectroscopy for the characterization of uranium contamination in nuclear decommissioning
Authors: Salvador Francisco , Marchais Thomas , Pérot Bertrand , Allinei Pierre-Guy , Morales Frédéric , Gueton Olivier , Venara Julien , Cuozzo Marie , Mayet Frédéric
Published: November 2023

Decommissioning is the last step in the life cycle of a nuclear facility. After the evacuation of the facility components, the remaining structures such as concrete walls and floors must be surveyed to ensure that no residual contamination remains. It is a costly and time consuming activity, for which CEA develops fast alpha and beta detection methods allowing a full scanning of very large areas (hundreds of thousands of square meters) in legacy uranium enrichment plants. To support these developments, we present here complementary high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy analyses of a contaminated area at the gaseous diffusion uranium enrichment facility UDG, currently under decommissioning at Pierrelatte nuclear plant, France. Long measurements are performed with a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector on the contaminated surface, and in a clean area to assess the natural gamma background of the concrete ground. The surface activity of uranium is 16.6 ± 6.0 Bq.cm-2, mainly due to 234U and 238U, most of the uncertainty coming from the non-uniform distribution of the contamination on the ground. This measurements also allowed us estimating the uranium enrichment of the contamination, which amounts to (0.80 ± 0.13) % of 235U mass fraction, consistently with the range of the Low Enrichment Plant where this measure was performed. Eventually, the background spectrum allowed us to determine the mass fractions of natural uranium, thorium and potassium in the concrete ground, which respectively amount to 3.8 ± 0.2. ppmU (i.e. 3.8 mg of uranium per kg of concrete), 7.4 ± 0.7 ppmTh, and (2.6 ± 0.1) %K of potassium.
Model-Based Deep Learning Algorithm for Pulse Shape Discrimination in High Event Rates
Authors: Morad Itai , Ghelman Max , Ginzburg Dimitry , Osovizky Alon , Shlezinger Nir
Published: November 2023

Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) is at the core of radioactive particles monitoring. Conventional PSD methods are geared towards low event rates, and struggle in the presence of pileups resulting from high rate. In this work we develop a PSD algorithm that combines classic approaches with deep learning techniques, that is highly suitable for coping with the dramatic challenges associated with classifying pulses in high event rates. Common PSD algorithms for high event rates limit their research to two piled-up pulses. Our algorithm is designed and tested under severe pileup conditions, where three or more pulses were piled-up. We tested the algorithm on simulated data based on Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC) based detector pulse shapes and compare its performance to both traditional PSD algorithms and data-driven deep neural network (DNN) based algorithms. In high event rates, ranging up to 10 Mcps, the algorithm demonstrates up to 8 times fewer miss-classifications than the traditional normalized cross-correlation (NCC) approach, and up to 1.7 times fewer miss-classifications than a purely data-driven DNN-aided method.
Analog Pulse Shape Discrimination Circuit for High Event Rates and Fast Scintillators with a Dynamic Deadtime
Authors: Morad Itai , Ghelman Max , Osovizky Alon , Ellenbogen Amir , Seif Rami , Vax Eran , Broide Amir , Harn Ron
Published: November 2023

We developed an analog pulse shape discrimination (PSD) topology based on the well-established charge integration (CI) method, featuring two novel functional blocks beneficial for high event rate operation. The topology is designed for high-speed scintillators. The demonstrated analog design is potentially better suited than digital methods, when considering both processing time and power consumption aspects. The topology was tested using both experimental alpha and beta pulses from a plastic scintillator with a layer of ZnS(Ag) coupled to a PMT, and a fast digital emulator to simulate controlled high event rate scenarios. The discrimination capabilities of the topology were optimized and evaluated using a traditional figure of merit (FoM) approach. The topology achieved over 99% correct classifications when evaluated using the experimental pulses recorded. Additionally, the dedicated blocks resulted in a fourfold reduction in miss-classifications of slow pulses at an event rate of 100 kcps of fast pulses, while also providing a dynamic deadtime proportional to the pulse charge.
Investigating the Thickness-Dependent Scintillator-PMT Interface Reflection Coefficients with GAGG:Ce3+Crystals Using the Dual-PMT Setup
Authors: Logoglu Faruk , Surani Stuti , Flaska Marek
Published: November 2023

Recently, it has been shown through both Monte Carlo simulations and experiments that scintillator-PMT interface reflection coefficients could depend on crystal thickness. It has been argued that the thickness-dependency on the interface reflection coefficient is a result of bulk attenuation and surface reflections. So far, only LYSO:Ce3+scintillators have been tested to investigate thickness-dependent reflection coefficients. In this work, the simulations and experiments are extended to GAGG:Ce3+crystals. Moreover, a new experimental technique (the dualPMT setup) has been tested to measure the interface reflection coefficients, and it has been shown through the dual-PMT setup that GAGG:Ce3+-PMT interface reflection coefficients are thickness-dependent with more than 1σ confidence. These results are also supported with extensive Monte Carlo simulations.
Methodical Optimization of Mutual-Shielding Directional Gamma Detector
Authors: Eran Vax , Nadav Ben David , Yossi Salomon , Yakir Knafo , Shay Dadon , Adrian Stern , Ehud Behar , Alon Osovizky
Published: November 2023

Mutual-Shielding Directional Gamma Detector excels at sensitivity and can achieve good angular accuracy and a large field of view. In this paper, we present, in detail, a method to optimize a mutual shielding directional detector array regarding the scintillators positioning for a given number and size of detection units. The optimization goals are improvement of accuracy and sensitivity.

The optimization uses two types of fast, non-Monte-Carlo simulations since the simulation needs to generate measurements from all directions for each array formation tested. Both these simulations are explained and demonstrated.

The presented method uses the ambiguity function to assess the accuracy and identify directions that may generate errors due to similar responses from other directions. Then, addressing these problematic directions can be fixed by changing the scintillators’ positions or adding a partial shield to change the response at one of the similar directions.
Psychologische Aspekte in der Rehabilitation nach Knieverletzungen
Authors: Neudecker Moritz , Keller Matthias
Published: November 2023

Sportverletzungen können sowohl körperliche als auch psychische Auswirkungen haben. Die Rehabilitation von Sportverletzungen erfordert somit nicht nur eine Behandlung auf physischer Ebene, sondern auch eine psychologische Unterstützung. Die Sportpsychologie hilft Verletzten mit konkreten Maßnahmen und Strategien, ihre mentale Stärke und ihr Selbstvertrauen wiederzuerlangen.
The Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Specific Catatonia
Symptoms and Predictors of Late Response
Authors: Bracht Tobias , Walther Sebastian , Breit Sigrid , Meyer Agnes , Schmitt Wolfgang
Published: November 2023

Introduction Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is known to be effective in
the treatment of catatonia, reaching response rates of about 80 to 100%.
It is indicated in cases of treatment resistance to benzodiazepines and in
life-threatening conditions such as malignant catatonia. Beneficial effects on
specific symptoms or predictors of response are less clear. The objective of
this retrospective study is to examine the ECT effect on specific catatonia
symptoms in the acute phase of the illness and to identify predictors of
response.

Methods A retrospective study examined data from 20 patients with
catatonia, 18 associated with schizophrenia and 2 with bipolar disorder, who
underwent ECT from 2008 to 2021. Ten subjects had more than one ECT-series,
resulting in a total of 31 ECT-series. Catatonia symptom severity was assessed
with the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS).

Results ECT yielded excellent response. Nineteen of 20 patients and 30 of
31 ECT-series achieved response. The mean number of ECT sessions to response was
4.2. Response to ECT was more pronounced for motor inhibition symptoms such as
stupor and mutism, while echophenomena, dyskinesia, stereotypy and perseveration
responded less well. A predictor of late response was the presence of grasp
reflex.

Discussion The present study corroborates the high and rapid effectiveness
of ECT in the treatment of catatonia. Focus on single catatonia signs may help
to identify those who are most likely to achieve remission quickly, as well as
those who might need longer ECT-series.
Einfluss der Corona-Pandemie auf kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren – Daten von 1775 Teilnehmern der ELITE Studie vor und während der Corona Pandemie
Authors: Berges Paulina , Schrader Bastian , Vaske Bernhard , Bohling Annabelle , Lüders Stephan , Elsässer Albrecht , Schrader Joachim
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund Die COVID-19-Pandemie und deren Maßnahmen haben zu einem Defizit der medizinischen Versorgung und zu Änderungen in der Lebensführung der Menschen geführt, was in der Konsequenz auch die kardio- und zerebrovaskuläre Primär- und Sekundärprävention verändert hat. Die vorhandenen Daten beruhen im Wesentlichen auf Umfragen. Neben der Problematik der Korrektheit von Selbsteinschätzungen können die Pandemie per se und die massive öffentliche Berichterstattung die Daten verzerrt haben.

Nur wenige Publikationen haben vor der Pandemie erhobene Daten mit den Ergebnissen im Verlauf der Pandemie verglichen. In der ELITE-Studie werden seit Jahren bei über 5000 Teilnehmern regelmäßige Kontrollen von Risikofaktoren (RF) und psychosozialen Parametern (Stress, Depressionen, Wohlbefinden, Ernährung, Hirnleistung, Bewegung) vorgenommen. Aus dieser Studie wurden die Daten von 1775 Personen ausgewertet, die vor Beginn und erneut während der Pandemie (06.05.2020–25.01.2022) erhoben wurden. Damit waren die Ausgangswerte unbeeinflusst von der Pandemie.

Ergebnisse Erwartungsgemäß fanden sich sowohl Verbesserungen als auch Verschlechterungen der erhobenen Parameter. Blutdruck und depressive Symptome verschlechterten sich signifikant häufiger, wobei Frauen häufiger betroffen waren. Auch das Gewicht und die Stressbelastung stiegen häufiger an, als dass sie sich verbesserten. Nur die körperliche Aktivität zeigte eine geringgradige Zunahme. 24,1 % wiesen ausschließlich Verschlechterungen und keine Verbesserungen dieser Parameter auf. Demgegenüber zeigten 19,6 % ausschließlich Verbesserungen. In der Gruppe mit ausschließlich Verschlechterungen fand sich ein signifikanter Anstieg von Personen mit den Risikofaktoren (RF) Hypertonie, Adipositas, erhöhtes LDL-Cholesterin, Nikotin und Diabetes mellitus. Dies führte zu einer Zunahme von Personen mit 2 und mehr RF. Dagegen reduzierte sich die Zahl von Personen mit 2 und mehr RF in der Gruppe, die nur Verbesserungen aufwies. Auffällig war, dass sich Personen mit Risikofaktoren häufiger verbesserten.

Folgerung Bei einem nicht unerheblichen Teil der Bevölkerung kam es in der Pandemie zu deutlichen Verschlechterungen der RF. Dies betraf besonders den Blutdruck und depressive Symptome – und dabei häufiger Frauen.
Unilateral Absent Pulmonary Artery in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kucirka Lauren M. , Desai Shivani , LeVarge Barbara , Conklin Jamie L. , Leong M Elisabeth , Quist-Nelson Johanna
Published: November 2023

Objective Unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare congenital malformation associated with hemoptysis, pulmonary hypertension, and infection. Little is known about the impact on pregnancy outcomes. We sought to synthesize the existing literature on pregnancy outcomes in patients with maternal UAPA.

Study Design We report a case of maternal UAPA and performed a systematic review of the existing literature. Articles in English reporting pregnancy outcomes among women with unilateral absence or hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery were included. Articles were reviewed at the abstract level and, if eligible, at the full-text level by two independent reviewers with disagreements adjudicated by a third reviewer. Data were abstracted by two independent reviewers. Outcomes of interest were mode of delivery, gestational age at delivery, intensive care admission, maternal death, and length of stay. Summary statistics for each outcome are presented.

Results We identified 14 studies, including the presented case, reporting outcomes in 22 pregnancies impacted by maternal UAPA. Median age at diagnosis was 21 years. Concurrent cardiac comorbidities were reported in 6/13 (46.2%) with pulmonary hypertension in 5/20 (25%) of cases where this information was reported. We observed high rates of preterm birth (4/12, 33.3%), cesarean delivery (10/15, 66.7%), and operative vaginal delivery (2/5, 40.0%). There was one maternal death occurring in the immediate postpartum period for a mortality rate of 4.5%.

Conclusion Our study provides a comprehensive review of existing literature on maternal UAPA. Our findings suggest increased rates of adverse outcomes and underscore the importance of early diagnosis, identification of pulmonary hypertension, and multidisciplinary care.

Key Points
Analysis of Consanguinity as Risk Factor of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lips with or without Palate
Authors: Rochmah Yayun Siti , Harumsari Stefani , Christiono Sandy , Hutami Islamy Rahma , Fatimah-Muis Siti , Faradz Sultana M.H.
Published: November 2023

Objectives The etiologies of nonsyndromic cleft lips with or without palate (NS CL/P) are multifactorial, which include consanguineous marriages. The incidence of NS CL/P is relatively high in Indonesia notably in one of Indonesia's tribes whose members frequently marry close cousins. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analysis consanguinity as risk factor of NS CL/P in Sasak tribe, East Lombok, Indonesia

Materials and Methods An observational analysis was made of a collected database of NS CL/P patients treated in social services in regency hospital of Dr. Soejono Selong, East Lombok, Indonesia. Demographic data such as age, gender, address (urban/rural), parent's education, presence or absence of consanguinity, type of clefts, and a three-generation pedigree were collected by interview and hospital medical record. Before analysis, patient information was anonymized and deidentified. From 2016 to 2018, each of 100 cleft and normal subjects with their Sasak parent were audited. The risk factors were analyzed statistically using odds ratio (OR) and chi-squared test.

Results Consanguineous marriages identified 54 cases (54%), and 10 cases (10%) out of a total each 100 NS CL/P and controls, respectively. The majority of consanguinity (53.7%) was discovered in marriages between first cousins. NS CL/P cases were statistically linked (p = 0.00) with consanguineous marriages (OR: 10; 95% confidence interval: 1.6–3.1); in which the most prevalent case is unilateral cleft lips.

Conclusion Consanguineous marriage increases the risk of NS CL/P in Sasak tribe, East Lombok, Indonesia. The development of strategies to educate communities on the impacts of culture-consanguineous marriage is required. The genetic inheritance from their ancestor may be responsible for the increased incidence of NS CL/P.
Readout-Segmented Echoplanar (RESOLVE) Diffusion-Weighted Imaging on 3T MRI in Detection of Cholesteatoma—Our Experience
Authors: Zaman Sameeh Uz , Rangankar Varsha P. , Krishnarjun Muralinath , Kalekar Tushar M. , Shah Viraj Pankaj , Pawar Rishikesh , Kulothungan Gowtham
Published: November 2023

Background Several research studies have demonstrated the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in detecting middle ear cholesteatomas, especially with the non-echoplanar imaging (non-EPI) DWI technique. REadout Segmentation Of Long Variable Echo trains (RESOLVE), a multishot-EPI DWI, has better spatial resolution at a thinner section acquisition with reduced image distortion compared to the single-shot-EPI DWI technique.

Purpose In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic ability of RESOLVE -DWI in middle ear cholesteatomas with surgical and histopathological support.

Patients and Methods Fifty patients with clinical suspicion of primary cholesteatoma or postoperative recurrence were subjected to routine sequences and RESOLVE-DWI on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirty-eight patients had unilateral disease, while 12 patients had bilateral disease. The bilateral temporal bones of 50 patients were evaluated on MRI. The results attained by RESOLVE-DWI were correlated with intraoperative and histopathological findings.

Results RESOLVE-DWI truly detected 55 of the 58 surgically proven cholesteatomas. RESOLVE-DWI could not detect three cholesteatoma lesions due to their small size and falsely diagnosed one case each of impacted wax and non-cholesteatomatous otitis media as cholesteatoma. With a 95% confidence interval, RESOLVE-DWI showed 94.8% sensitivity, 95.2% specificity, 96% positive predictive value, 93% negative predictive value, and 95% diagnostic accuracy in cholesteatoma detection.

Conclusion RESOLVE-DWI is a sensitive and specific DWI technique for detecting middle ear cholesteatoma. However, RESOLVE-DWI has limitations in the diagnosis of small (<3 mm) cholesteatomas.
Holt-Oram Syndrome with Pulmonary Involvement—A Valuable Algorithm to Follow
Authors: Arunachalam Venkata Subbaih , Valakkada Jineesh , Ayyappan Anoop
Published: November 2023

Holt-Oram syndrome comprises a rare spectrum of congenital cardiovascular and appendicular skeletal anomalies. However, only a few cases have reported lung involvement in Holt-Oram syndrome. We reported the rare case of a 1-year-old male child patient who presented with upper limb abnormalities and respiratory distress and was diagnosed with pulmonary agenesis and pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to an atrial septal defect.