bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Induced Cracking HIC Resistance in HSLA API 5L X65 e 5L X80 Steels
Authors: Aviles J. Quispe , Alonso-Falleiros N. , de Melo H. G.
Published: October 2017

In the oil and natural gas production chain the structures for transport and extraction of the product are damaged by the conditions they are exposed to, which generally contain H2S, reducing the properties and the good performance of these pipes. In this work, we studied an API 5L X65LMN tube and another API 5L X80 with different levels of C and, mainly, Mn and Nb. The inclusions were examined by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the chemical analysis by Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (EDS) of the inclusions was performed. As for the hydrogen-induced crack resistance in H2S containing media, the procedures of NACE TM0284-11 were used. The materials were subjected to the HIC test in solution A saturated with H2S of said standard. After the HIC, the characterization of the samples by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed. The API 5L X65LMN tube showed inclusions homogeneously distributed in the matrix, whose classification was of the type oxide-sulphide fine series, with maximum size of 5.6 μm and rounded format mainly with presence of Ca, Al, Ti and Mn. For tube X80 Presented irregular inclusions of type D-globular oxide-sulfide sserie coarse with a maximum size of 7.2 μm, with presence of Mn, O and S inclusions, with respect to the microstructural characterization of the tube X65 presented ferritic matrix, with presence of microconstituent M / A (Martensita / Austenite) and perlite in the cross section with lamination direction and grain size of 6.8 μm, the API 5L X80 tube presented ferritic matrix, with presence of M / A (Martensite / Austenite) and maximum grain size of 4.6 Μm. The results of the Hydrogen Induced Cracking Resistance (HIC) tests showed that the API 5L X80 tube showed cracks initiated on the D-globular oxide-sulphide coarse series inclusions, showing the deleterious effect of these inclusions on HIC resistance. It is important to note that the API 5L X80 tube has higher mechanical strength, which contributes to its lower resistance to HIC.
Stability Solver For Offshore Oil Flows
Authors: Andreolli Ivanilto , Azevedo Gabriel R. de , Baliño Jorge L.
Published: October 2017

An offshore flow system is designed to operate at steady state. However, it is possible that this condition does not exist. The stability of an offshore flow system depends on the set of parameters that defines the operational state and can be numerically determined. The stationary solution is given as initial condition for the numerical simulation; if the numerical solution does not go away from the initial condition with time, the stationary solution is stable and it is the system steady state. If the numerical solution goes away with time, the stationary state is unstable, there is no steady state and an oscillatory solution develops. As a numerically cost efficient alternative to time simulations, the linear stability theory is a powerful technique to identify the stable and unstable regions. This paper presents the main features of a stability solver developed for oil production systems. Numerical results are presented for two oil fields. Stability maps are obtained and compare to field data. The comparison showed an excellent agreement with the operational conditions presented.
Development of Alkoxylated Fatty Diamines as New Film-Forming Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Rabelo R. B. , De Rezende F. C. , Poltronieri O. C. , Ewbank C. G. , Velasco J. A. , Lima L. G. , Gonçalves I. L. , Freitas D. S.
Published: October 2017

Corrosion inhibitors are widely used to guarantee asset integrity from oil exploration and production stages (e.g. drilling equipment and metal piping in producing wells) to refinery, as well as during transportation of produced fluids and finished by-products. The major forms of corrosion found among the oil and gas industry include chemical, electrochemical, mechanical, and microbiologically induced. Corrosion inhibition by organic compounds is applied mostly in electrochemical corrosion due to acidic gases (H2S and CO2), from which CO2 corrosion is considered one of the major threats in oil and gas producing assets. According to the literature, amide and amine/diamine are the main classes of corrosion inhibitors used to combat sweet corrosion (CO2) in oilfields. However, the constant need to overcome new challenges makes it possible to create novel chemicals or to identify well-known molecules that can be improved in order to meet both the market demands and technical requirements, for example: guaranteed inhibitory capacity under several conditions, low emulsion and foaming tendency. In the present work, evaluations of different alkoxylation degrees and types of diamines were carried out in order to analyze the influence on the corrosion behavior of a carbon steel surface (SAE 1020 and API 5L X65), as well as emulsion and foaming tendencies. For these studies, the corrosion measurements were either performed by linear polarization resistance (LPR) or by weight loss measurements. The data revealed that their corrosion protection of carbon steel depended critically on the alkoxylation type and degree. Therefore, a suitable choice of molecule can create a tailor-made product to achieve specific requirements. The chemicals developed have shown good corrosion inhibiton performance and have satisfied defined pratical requirements to avoid emulsion and foaming tendencies.
HSE in Libra Project – Designing for Outstanding Performance
Authors: Bo Wang , Castro Fabio , Deplante Christian , Katekawa Marcel , Balint Stephen
Published: October 2017

The Libra project is exploring and developing a very large deposit of oil and gas in the pre-salt area of Santos Basin, 100 miles offshore Brazil's coastline. Five companies have come together in a consortium together with Pré-sal Petróleo SA (PPSA) to develop this area under the country's first Production Sharing Contract (PSC). While still in the exploration phase, the project has been moving at a rapid pace, creating full field development scenarios, drilling wells, developing a system to collect dynamic reservoir information, and preparing for the initiation of its first production FPSO project. Ultimately, the field could see the drilling of nearly a hundred deepwater wells and the installation of several very large FPSOs. The area will be active with seismic, drilling, construction, production, installation and support vessels for many years.

By applying industry safety statistics to the large number of man-hours required to bring these plans to life, the potential for fatalities, Lost Time Accidents (LTI's) and other HSE incidences associated with the project can be statistically extrapolated. With these figures in mind, Project Leadership embarked upon a program to substantially improve safety performance with an objective to not only develop this rare field efficiently, but to establish a legacy of exceptional HSE performance. Now three years into Libra's exploration and development, and already exceeding 20 million man-hours expended, this paper seeks to share the steps taken to improve the HSE Culture of the Libra team and the performance of its contractors and subcontractors. Examples of physical changes in specifications to improve process safety, and changes in leadership behavior will be cited. The paper will discuss the successes, challenges, and future opportunities, in the hope that broader discussion of these efforts will assist this project and the industry to achieve project objectives while assuring safe working environments.
Identification of Genetic and Epigenetic Variants Associated with Breast Cancer Prognosis by Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Shilpi Arunima , Bi Yingtao , Jung Segun , Patra Samir K. , Davuluri Ramana V.
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Breast cancer being a multifaceted disease constitutes a wide spectrum of histological and molecular variability in tumors. However, the task for the identification of these variances is complicated by the interplay between inherited genetic and epigenetic aberrations. Therefore, this study provides an extrapolate outlook to the sinister partnership between DNA methylation and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in relevance to the identification of prognostic markers in breast cancer. The effect of these SNPs on methylation is defined as methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL).

Materialsand Methods

We developed a novel method to identify prognostic gene signatures for breast cancer by integrating genomic and epigenomic data. This is based on the hypothesis that multiple sources of evidence pointing to the same gene or pathway are likely to lead to reduced false positives. We also apply random resampling to reduce overfitting noise by dividing samples into training and testing data sets. Specifically, the common samples between Illumina 450 DNA methylation, Affymetrix SNP array, and clinical data sets obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) were randomly divided into training and test models. An intensive statistical analysis based on log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model has established a significant association between differential methylation and the stratification of breast cancer patients into high- and low-risk groups, respectively.

Results

The comprehensive assessment based on the conjoint effect of CpG–SNP pair has guided in delaminating the breast cancer patients into the high- and low-risk groups. In particular, the most significant association was found with respect to cg05370838–rs2230576, cg00956490–rs940453, and cg11340537–rs2640785 CpG–SNP pairs. These CpG–SNP pairs were strongly associated with differential expression of ADAM8, CREB5, and EXPH5 genes, respectively. Besides, the exclusive effect of SNPs such as rs10101376, rs140679, and rs1538146 also hold significant prognostic determinant.

Conclusions

Thus, the analysis based on DNA methylation and SNPs have resulted in the identification of novel susceptible loci that hold prognostic relevance in breast cancer.
Civil society challenged: towards an enabling policy environment
Authors: Anheier Helmut K.
Published: October 2017

The roles of non-governmental or civil society organizations have become more complex, especially in the context of changing relationships with nation states and the international community. In many instances, state-civil society relations have worsened, leading experts to speak of a “shrinking space” for civil society nationally as well as internationally. The author proposes to initiate a process for the establishment of an independent high-level commission of eminent persons (i) to examine the changing policy environment for civil society organizations in many countries as well as internationally, (ii) to review the reasons behind the shrinking space civil society encounters in some parts of the world and its steady development in others, and (iii) to make concrete proposals for how the state and the international system on the one hand and civil society on the other hand can relate in productive ways in national and multilateral contexts.
Aerosol surface area concentration: a governing factor in new particle formation in Beijing
Authors: Cai Runlong , Yang Dongsen , Fu Yueyun , Wang Xing , Li Xiaoxiao , Ma Yan , Hao Jiming , Zheng Jun , Jiang Jingkun
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The predominating role of aerosol Fuchs surface area, AFuchs, in determining the occurrence of new particle formation (NPF) events in Beijing was elucidated in this study. The analysis was based on a field campaign from 12 March to 6 April 2016 in Beijing, during which aerosol size distributions down to  ∼  1 nm and sulfuric acid concentrations were simultaneously monitored. The 26 days were classified into 11 typical NPF days, 2 undefined days, and 13 non-event days. A dimensionless factor, LΓ, characterized by the relative ratio of the coagulation scavenging rate over the condensational growth rate (Kuang et al., 2010), was applied in this work to reveal the governing factors for NPF events in Beijing. The three parameters determining LΓ are sulfuric acid concentration, the growth enhancement factor characterized by contribution of other gaseous precursors to particle growth, Γ, and AFuchs. Different from other atmospheric environments, such as in Boulder and Hyytiälä, the daily-maximum sulfuric acid concentration and Γ in Beijing varied in a narrow range with geometric standard deviations of 1.40 and 1.31, respectively. A positive correlation between the estimated new particle formation rate, J1.5, and sulfuric acid concentration was found with a mean fitted exponent of 2.4. However, the maximum sulfuric acid concentrations on NPF days were not significantly higher (even lower, sometimes) than those on non-event days, indicating that the abundance of sulfuric acid in Beijing was high enough to initiate nucleation, but may not necessarily lead to NPF events. Instead, AFuchs in Beijing varied greatly among days with a geometric standard deviation of 2.56, whereas the variabilities of AFuchs in Tecamac, Atlanta, and Boulder were reported to be much smaller. In addition, there was a good correlation between AFuchs and LΓ in Beijing (R2 = 0.88). Therefore, it was AFuchs that fundamentally determined the occurrence of NPF events. Among 11 observed NPF events, 10 events occurred when AFuchs was smaller than 200 µm2 cm−3. NPF events were suppressed due to the coagulation scavenging when AFuchs was greater than 200 µm2 cm−3. Measured AFuchs in Beijing had a good correlation with its PM2.5 mass concentration (R2 = 0.85) since AFuchs in Beijing was mainly determined by particles in the size range of 50–500 nm that also contribute to the PM2.5 mass concentration.
Amines in Boreal Forest Air at SMEAR II Station in Finland
Authors: Hemmilä Marja , Hellén Heidi , Virkkula Aki , Makkonen Ulla , Praplan Arnaud P. , Kontkanen Jenni , Kulmala Markku , Hakola Hannele
Published: October 2017

Abstract. We measured amines in boreal forest air in Finland both in gas and particle phase with 1-hour time resolution using an online ion chromatograph (instrument for Measuring AeRosols and Gases in Ambient Air, MARGA) connected to an electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). The measurements covered about 8 weeks between March 2015 and December 2015. With MARGA-MS we were able to separate and detect 7 different amines: monomethylamine (MMA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), ethylamine (EA), diethylamine (DEA), propylamine (PA) and butylamine (BA). The amines were found to be an inhomogeneous group of compounds, showing different seasonal and diurnal variability. Total MMA peaked together with the sum of ammonia and ammonium ion already in March, possibly due to evaporation from melting snow and ground. In March monthly means for MMA were
The Community Cloud retrieval for Climate (CC4CL). Part I: A framework applied to multiple satellite imaging sensors
Authors: Sus Oliver , Stengel Martin , Stapelberg Stefan , McGarragh Gregory , Poulsen Caroline , Povey Adam C. , Schlundt Cornelia , Thomas Gareth , Christensen Matthew , Proud Simon , Jerg Matthias , Grainger Roy , Hollmann Rainer
Published: October 2017

Abstract. We present the key features of the Community Cloud retrieval for CLimate (CC4CL) processing algorithm. We focus on the novel features of the framework: the optimal estimation approach in general, explicit uncertainty quantification through rigorous propagation of all known error sources into the final product, and the consistency of our long-term, multi-platform time-series provided at various resolutions, from 0.5° to 0.02°. By describing all key input data and processing steps, we aim to inform the user about important features of this new retrieval framework, and its potential applicability to climate studies. We provide an overview of the retrieved and derived output variables. These are analysed for four, partly very challenging, scenes collocated with CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) observations in the high-latitudes and over the Gulf of Guinea/West Africa. The results show that CC4CL provides very realistic estimates of cloud top height and cover for optically thick clouds but, where optically thin clouds overlap, returns a height between the two layers. CC4CL is a unique, coherent, multi-instrument cloud property retrieval framework applicable to passive sensor data of several EO missions. Through its flexibility, CC4CL offers the opportunity for combining a variety of historic and current EO missions into one data set, which, compared to single sensor retrievals, is improved in terms of accuracy and temporal sampling.
Ice particle sampling from aircraft – influence of the probing position on the ice water content
Authors: Afchine Armin , Rolf Christian , Costa Anja , Spelten Nicole , Riese Martin , Buchholz Bernhard , Ebert Volker , Heller Romy , Kaufmann Stefan , Minikin Andreas , Voigt Christiane , Zöger Martin , Smith Jessica , Lawson Paul , Lykov Alexey , Khaykin Sergey , Krämer Martina
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The ice water content (IWC) of cirrus clouds is an essential parameter determining their radiative properties and thus is important for climate simulations. Therefore, for a reliable measurement of IWC on board of research aircraft, it is important to carefully design the ice crystal sampling and measuring devices. During the HALO field campaign ML-CIRRUS in 2014, IWC was recorded by three closed path total water together with one gas phase water instrument. The hygrometers were supplied by inlets mounted on the roof of the aircraft fuselage. Simultaneously, the IWC is determined by a cloud particle spectrometer attached under an aircraft wing. Two more examples of simultaneous IWC measurements by hygrometers and cloud spectrometers are presented, but the inlets of the hygrometers were mounted at the fuselage side (Geophysica, StratoClim campaign 2017) and bottom (WB57, MacPex 2011). This combination of instruments and inlet positions provides the opportunity to experimentally study the influence of the ice particle sampling position on the IWC. As expected from theoretical considerations, we found that the IWCs provided by the roof inlets deviate from those measured under the aircraft wing. Caused by the inlet position in the shadow-zone behind the aircraft cockpit, ice particles populations with mean mass sizes larger than about 25 μm radius are subject to losses, which lead to strongly underestimated IWCs. On the other hand, cloud populations with mean mass sizes smaller than about 12 μm are dominated by particle enrichment and thus overestimated IWCs. In the range of mean mass sizes between 12 and 25 μm, both enrichment and losses of ice crystal can occur, depending on whether the ice crystal mass peak of the – in these cases bimodal – size distribution is on the smaller or larger mass mode. The resulting deviations of the IWC reach factors of up to 10 or even more for losses as well as for enrichment. Since the mean mass size of ice crystals increases with temperature, losses are more pronounced at higher temperatures while at lower temperatures IWC is more affected by enrichment. In contrast, in the cases where the hygrometer inlets were mounted at the fuselage side or bottom, the agreement of IWCs is – due to undisturbed ice particle sampling, as expected from theory – most frequently within a factor of 2.5, independently of the mean ice crystal sizes. Summarizing, in case IWC needs to be detected solely by measurements from closed path hygrometers, it is crucial for a solid measurement to mount the respective inlets at the aircraft’s side or bottom.
Coccolithophore fluxes in the open tropical North Atlantic: influence of thermocline depth, Amazon water, and Saharan dust
Authors: Guerreiro Catarina V. , Baumann Karl-Heinz , Brummer Geert-Jan A. , Fischer Gerhard , Korte Laura F. , Merkel Ute , Sá Carolina , de Stigter Henko , Stuut Jan-Berend W.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Coccolithophores are calcifying phytoplankton and major contributors to both the organic and inorganic oceanic carbon pumps. Their export fluxes, species composition, and seasonal patterns were determined in two sediment trap moorings (M4 at 12° N, 49° W and M2 at 14° N, 37° W) collecting settling particles synchronously from October 2012 to November 2013 at 1200 m of water depth in the open equatorial North Atlantic. The two trap locations showed a similar seasonal pattern in total coccolith export fluxes and a predominantly tropical coccolithophore settling assemblage. Species fluxes were dominated throughout the year by lower photic zone (LPZ) taxa (Florisphaera profunda, Gladiolithus flabellatus) but also included upper photic zone (UPZ) taxa (Umbellosphaera spp., Rhabdosphaera spp., Umbilicosphaera spp., Helicosphaera spp.). The LPZ flora was most abundant during fall 2012, whereas the UPZ flora was more important during summer. In spite of these similarities, the western part of the study area produced persistently higher fluxes, averaging 241×107 ± 76×107 coccoliths m−2 d−1 at station M4 compared to only 66×107 ± 31×107 coccoliths m−2 d−1 at station M2. Higher fluxes at M4 were mainly produced by the LPZ species, favoured by the westward deepening of the thermocline and nutricline. Still, most UPZ species also contributed to higher fluxes, reflecting enhanced productivity in the western equatorial North Atlantic. Such was the case of two marked flux peaks of the more opportunistic species Gephyrocapsa muellerae and Emiliania huxleyi in January and April 2013 at M4, indicating a fast response to the nutrient enrichment of the UPZ, probably by wind-forced mixing. Later, increased fluxes of G. oceanica and E. huxleyi in October–November 2013 coincided with the occurrence of Amazon-River-affected surface waters. Since the spring and fall events of 2013 were also accompanied by two dust flux peaks, we propose a scenario in which atmospheric dust also provided fertilizing nutrients to this area. Enhanced surface buoyancy associated with the river plume indicates that the Amazon acted not only as a nutrient source, but also as a surface density retainer for nutrients supplied from the atmosphere. Nevertheless, lower total coccolith fluxes during these events compared to the maxima recorded in November 2012 and July 2013 indicate that transient productivity by opportunistic species was less important than background tropical productivity in the equatorial North Atlantic. This study illustrates how two apparently similar sites in the tropical open ocean actually differ greatly in ecological and oceanographic terms. The results presented here provide valuable insights into the processes governing the ecological dynamics and the downward export of coccolithophores in the tropical North Atlantic.
Comparison of Cenozoic surface uplift and glacial-interglacial cycles on Himalaya-Tibet paleo-climate: Insights from a regional climate model
Authors: Paeth Heiko , Steger Christian , Li Jingmin , Mutz Sebastian G. , Ehlers Todd A.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Assessing paleo-climatic changes across the Tibetan Plateau and the underlying driving mechanisms provides insights for the natural variability in the Earth's climate system in response to tectonic processes and global climate change. In this study, we use a high-resolution regional climate model to investigate various episodes of distinct climate states over the Tibetan Plateau region during the Cenozoic rise of the Plateau and Quaternary glacial/interglacial cycles. The main objective is to compare climate changes during the Miocene-Pliocene uplift period with climate anomalies during the last glacial maximum and the mid-Holocene optimum, based on a consistent modeling framework. Reduced plateau elevation leads to regionally differentiated patterns of higher temperature and lower precipitation amount on the plateau itself, whereas surrounding regions are subject to colder conditions. In particular, Central Asia receives much more precipitation prior to the uplift, mainly due to a shift of the stationary wave train over Eurasia. Cluster analysis indicates that the continental-desert type climate, which is widespread over Central Asia today, appears with the Tibetan Plateau reaching 50 % of its present-day elevation. The mid-Holocene is characterized by slightly colder temperatures, and the last glacial maximum by considerably colder conditions over most of central and southern Asia. Precipitation anomalies during these episodes are less pronounced and spatially heterogeneous over the Tibetan Plateau. The simulated changes are in good agreement with available paleo-climatic reconstructions from proxy data. The present-day climate classification is only slightly sensitive to the changed boundary conditions in the Quaternary Quaternary. It is shown that in some regions of the Tibetan Plateau the climate anomalies during the Quaternary Quaternary have been as strong as the changes occurring during the uplift period.
The "Ocean Carbon States" Database: a proof-of-concept application of cluster analysis in the ocean carbon cycle
Authors: Latto Rebecca , Romanou Anastasia
Published: October 2017

Abstract. In this paper, we present a database of the basic regimes of carbon cycle in the ocean as obtained using data mining and patter recognition techniques in observational as well as model data. Advanced data mining techniques are becoming widely used in Climate and Earth Sciences with the purpose of extracting new meaningful information from large and complex datasets. Such techniques need to be rigorously tested, however, in simple, well-understood cases to better assess their utility. This is particularly important for studies of the global carbon cycle, where the interaction of physical and biogeochemical drivers confounds our ability to accurately describe, understand, and predict CO2 concentrations and their changes in the major planetary carbon reservoirs. In addition to observational data of the carbon cycle, numerical simulations of the Earth System are becoming increasingly more complex and harder to evaluate. Without reliable numerical models, however, our predictions of future climate change are haphazard. Here we describe the use of a specific data-mining technique, cluster analysis, as a means of identifying and comparing spatial and temporal patterns extracted from observational and model datasets. As the observational data is organized into various regimes, which we will call "ocean carbon states", we gain insight into the physical and/or biogeochemical processes controlling the ocean carbon cycle in nature as well as how well these processes are simulated by the model. Assessment of cluster analysis results demonstrates that this technique effectively produces realistic, dynamic regimes that can be associated with specific processes at different temporal scales for both observations and the model. Furthermore, these regimes can be used to illustrate and characterize the model biases in the model air-sea flux of CO2 which are then attributed to model misrepresentations of salinity, sea surface temperature, wind speed, and nitrate. The goal of this proof-of-concept study is to establish a methodology for implementing and interpreting k-means cluster analysis on observations and model output which will enable us to subsequently apply the analysis to larger, higher frequency datasets of the ocean carbon cycle. To enable further testing and extending the method discussed, all data and analysis scripts are freely available at data.giss.nasa.gov/oceans/carbonstates/ (DOI: https://doi.org/doi:10.5281/zenodo.996891).
An Accurate and Homogeneous Altimeter Sea Level Record from the ESA Climate Change Initiative
Authors: Legeais Jean-Francois , Ablain Michaël , Zawadzki Lionel , Zuo Hao , Johannessen Johnny A. , Scharffenberg Martin G. , Fenoglio-Marc Luciana , Fernandes M. Joana , Andersen Ole Baltazar , Rudenko Sergei , Cipollini Paolo , Quartly Graham D. , Passaro Marcello , Cazenave Anny , Benveniste Jérôme
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Sea Level is a very sensitive index of climate change since it integrates the impacts of ocean warming and ice mass loss from glaciers and the ice sheets. Sea Level has been listed as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). During the past 25 years, the sea level ECV has been measured from space by different altimetry missions that have provided global and regional observations of sea level variations. As part of the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) program of the European Space Agency (ESA) (established in 2010), the Sea Level project (SL_cci) aimed at providing an accurate and homogeneous long-term satellite-based sea level record. At the end of the first phase of the project (2010–2013), an initial version (v1.1) of the sea level ECV has been made available to users (Ablain et al., 2015). During the second phase (2014–2017), improved altimeter standards have been selected to produce new sea level products (called SL_cci v2.0) based on 9 altimeter missions for the period 1993–2015 (https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-1993_2015-v_2.0-201612). Corresponding orbit solutions, geophysical corrections and altimeter standards used in this v2.0 dataset are described in details in Quartly et al. (2017). The present paper focuses on the description of the SL_cci v2.0 ECV and associated uncertainty and discusses how it has been validated. Various approaches have been used for the quality assessment such as internal validation, comparisons with sea level records from other groups and with in-situ measurements, sea level budget closure analyses and comparisons with model outputs. Compared to the previous version of the sea level ECV, we show that use of improved geophysical corrections, careful bias reduction between missions and inclusion of new altimeter missions lead to improved sea level products with reduced uncertainties at different spatial and temporal scales. However, there is still room for improvement since the uncertainties remain larger than the GCOS requirements. Perspectives for subsequent evolutions are also discussed.
U.S. Geological Survey experience with the residual absolutes method
Authors: Worthington E. William , Matzka Jürgen
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Geomagnetism Program has developed and tested the residual method of absolutes, with the assistance of the Danish Technical University's (DTU) Geomagnetism Program. Three years of testing were performed at College Magnetic Observatory (CMO), Fairbanks, Alaska, to compare the residual method with the null method. Results show that the two methods compare very well with each other and both sets of baseline data were used to process the 2015 definitive data. The residual method will be implemented at the other USGS high-latitude geomagnetic observatories in the summer of 2017 and 2018.
Design and evaluation of a new exoskeleton for gait rehabilitation
Authors: Geonea Ionut Daniel , Tarnita Daniela
Published: October 2017

Abstract. This work addresses the design and numerical characterization of a new exoskeleton solution for human leg motion assistance and rehabilitation. The exoskeleton solution is anthropomorphic, simple, low cost and easy to adapt on the human subject. The design aspect concerns the exoskeleton mechatronic structure, achieved in SolidWorks virtual environment. Numerical simulation is performed in MSC.ADAMS simulation environment. Obtained results for the exoskeleton computed motion are compared with those obtained from experimental walking of healthy subject. The prototype feasibility is studied both for design and operation aspect.
Impacto da facectomia na qualidade de vida de idosos atendidos em campanha assistencial de catarata
Authors: Santana Tainara Sardeiro de , Ávila Marcos Pereira de , Isaac David Leonardo Cruvinel , Tobias Gabriela Camargo , Paranaguá Thatianny Tanferri de Brito
Published: October 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar a melhora da acuidade visual (AV) antes e no 15° dia do pós-operatório de facectomia e o seu impacto na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Estudo prospectivo, desenvolvido com 156 pacientes submetidos à facectomia em campanha oftalmológica. De acordo com a tabela de Snellen, a AV média, em logMAR, após 15 dias da cirurgia melhorou de 1,23 para 0,57 nos idosos (p=0,000).  Na comparação das médias de qualidade de vida, pelo questionário de avaliação da qualidade de vida Visual Functioning Questionnaire (VQF-25), o subdomínio visão geral apresentou a maior diferença entre as médias antes e após a facectomia (de 29,65 para 89,87). A análise de correlação apontou que a melhora da AV melhorou a satisfação geral, em relação à atividade para longe, dor ocular, saúde mental e dependência, levando a um impacto positivo na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Levantaram-se indicadores que direcionam à terapêutica mais individualizada.
Conhecimentos e atitudes das mulheres em relação ao exame preventivo do câncer do colo uterino
Authors: Chiconela Florencia Vicente , Chidassicua José Braz
Published: October 2017

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os conhecimentos e atitudes das mulheres em relação a importância do exame preventivo do câncer do colo uterino. Estudo descritivo e exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 14 mulheres atendidas em um serviço de saúde de Moçambique. A coleta de dados foi por meio do roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, entre os meses de fevereiro a março de 2015. Os resultados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. A maior parte das mulheres embora tenha ouvido falar do câncer do colo uterino (CCU) na televisão e nas palestras dos hospitais, tem pouco conhecimento em relação à prevenção, desconhece a importância do exame preventivo e realiza o exame devido a queixas ginecológicas. O conhecimento das mulheres é incipiente e aquém do esperado sobre a temática da importância do exame preventivo.
O desperdício de materiais assistenciais percebido por graduandos de enfermagem
Authors: Reichert Magaly Cecília Franchini , Lozovoi Thaís Gomes , D'Innocenzo Maria
Published: October 2017

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar a opinião dos graduandos de enfermagem sobre o desperdício de materiais assistenciais nas atividades práticas de ensino. Estudo exploratório, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, cuja amostra foi composta por 186 graduandos que responderam a um instrumento com assertivas medidas pela escala de Likert. Mais da metade dos graduandos acreditaram que as instituições onde realizaram estágio têm desperdício de materiais; 76% dos graduandos da quarta série (p<0,001) reconheceram desperdiçar materiais durante os estágios e 89% da mesma série (p<0,001) atribuíram o desperdício à realização de um procedimento pela primeira vez. O estudo possibilitou a discussão do desperdício de materiais durante a graduação em enfermagem, alertando sobre a importância da gestão adequada desses recursos além da responsabilidade da enfermagem com o meio ambiente e práticas sustentáveis. Os achados indicam novas possibilidades para o desenvolvimento do tema e estratégias que podem ser testadas em futuros estudos.
Preferência pelo tipo de parto, fatores associados à expectativa e satisfação com o parto
Authors: Silva Ana Carolina Lima , Félix Hévyllin Cipriano Rodrigues , Ferreira Maria Beatriz Guimarães , Wysocki Anneliese Domingues , Contim Divanice , Ruiz Mariana Torreglosa
Published: October 2017

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a preferência e a satisfação das mulheres com o tipo de parto e a associação com as características sociodemográficas e obstétricas. Estudo transversal, realizado em três etapas, com amostra de 190 puérperas. Os resultados mostraram que 68,9% desejavam parto normal e 31,1% cesárea. Foram associadas à preferência pelo parto normal: primeira gestação (p=0,042) e experiência anterior de parto normal (p<0,001); entre as mulheres que tiveram cesárea prévia a preferência prevaleceu por esta (p<0,001). Não foram evidenciadas diferenças estatísticas associadas a outras variáveis, bem como, a satisfação das puérperas. A regressão logística binária indicou associação entre experiência prévia e expectativa por tipo de parto. A experiência com parto anterior influenciou na preferência pelo tipo de parto, entretanto, não houve diferenças na satisfação das puérperas, independente se o desfecho correspondeu a expectativa.
A Comparison of the Effects of Organizational Environment and Individual Factors on Male and Female Faculty Teaching Efficacy in Vietnam
Authors: Duong Minh-Quang
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study examined the correlation between factors of teach­ing efficacy and their relation to faculty members’ backgrounds, and how organizational environment factors affect faculty teaching efficacy in male versus female populations. A questionnaire measuring six factors of teaching efficacy was distributed to 124 university faculty members in Vietnam. The finding of this study indicated that it was relatively high positive correlation between factors of teach­ing efficacy. Comparative results of male and female faculty members in various contexts detected using a statistical method and criteria demonstrated that almost individual factors including marital status, age groups, and academic rank were not significant in the male and female faculty teaching efficacy, except educational attainment factor. In addition, both genders were similarly affected by their organizational environment as far as teaching efficacy is concerned. The study’s implications for university management were also discussed.
Relação da qualidade de vida com o estado nutricional e faixa etária de idosos
Authors: Bochi Aline , Adami Fernanda Scherer
Published: October 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar o gênero, a renda, a idade e as medidas antropométricas com os domínios de qualidade de vida dos idosos participantes de um grupo da terceira idade de um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. A amostra foi constituída por 103 idosos, que participaram da coleta de dados antropométricos de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura, responderam o questionário validado WHOQOL-BREF e um questionário estruturado sobre dados socioeconômicos, gênero e idade. Foi realizado o cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e classificado o estado nutricional conforme a Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde (2002) . Quando comparados os domínios de qualidade de vida entre os gêneros, não foi observada associação significativa; em relação ao estado nutricional, 49,5% dos idosos apresentaram sobrepeso e obesidade. A melhor média foi observada no domínio de meio ambiente, já ao correlacionar as médias dos domínios de qualidade de vida com idade, IMC, circunferência da cintura e peso, observou-se correlação inversa e significativa entre idade e domínio físico (p=0,001) e domínio social (p
Felicidade e satisfação com a vida: voz de mulheres adultas e idosas
Authors: Portella Marilene Rodrigues , Scortegagna Helenice De Moura , Pichler Nadir Antônio , Graeff Daniela Bertol
Published: October 2017

Envelhecer bem está intimamente ligado à satisfação com a vida e a felicidade, considerando- se a capacidade cognitiva do sujeito, os elementos constituintes da experiência subjetiva e o alcance dos objetivos individuais. A partir dessa compreensão e com objetivo de conhecer e descrever as fontes de felicidade e de satisfação com a vida na concepção de adultos e idosos, foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo, ancorado no método do Grupo Focal (GF). Participaram 22 mulheres com idade entre 49 e 81 anos, matriculadas em um programa de extensão na modalidade de Universidade Aberta para a terceira idade, vinculada a uma instituição de ensino superior, localizada em um município no sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em 2014, provenientes de três encontros, com duração média de 60 minutos cada um. O estudo revelou que a maioria das mulheres está satisfeita com a vida e sente-se feliz, apesar das adversidades enfrentadas ao longo do processo de viver e envelhecer. As mulheres consideram a família, a presença de Deus, a saúde e a paz como principais fontes de satisfação com a vida e os principais elementos geradores da felicidade. Esses dados evidenciam a velhice como um momento que pode ser vivido e experienciado de forma prazerosa, considerando a multidimensionalidade e a integralidade do ser. Ressalta-se a importância da compreensão de tais indicadores nas ações implementadas pelos profissionais atuantes no campo da gerontologia, com vistas à qualificação do viver e do envelhecer do ser humano, pois não basta almejar uma vida longa, mas, sim, a qualidade para viver sua extensão.
Repercussões psicossociais da dependência funcional no cotidiano de idosos longevos
Authors: Lima Pollyanna Viana , Valença Tatiane Dias Casimiro , Reis Luciana Araújo dos
Published: October 2017

O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer e discutir as repercussões psicossociais da dependência funcional no cotidiano de idosos longevos de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório- descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, sendo os participantes representados por sete idosos longevos, classificados com dependência funcional e sem déficit cognitivo. O instrumento de coleta foi constituído por uma entrevista semidirigida, mediada por questões norteadoras. Para a análise dos dados, foi aplicada análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Da análise de conteúdo, emergiram duas categorias, a saber: “Repercussões sociais da dependência” e “Repercussões psicológicas da dependência”. Ficou evidente, entre as repercussões psicológicas, a presença de sentimentos de medo, tristeza e depressão. Em relação às repercussões sociais, as principais encontradas foram a redução nas relações sociais e o isolamento social, com consequente solidão.
O PUERPÉRIO E OS TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA.
Authors: Machado Ana Flávia , Nasr Acácia Maria Lourenço Francisco
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: Conscientizar os profissionais sem especialização em saúde mental sobre a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento de transtornos psiquiátricos puerperais nas avaliações de rotina. Métodos: Esse estudo é uma revisão sistemática da literatura atual sobre transtornos de humor e psicose puerperal. Resultados: Os transtornos psiquiátricos puerperais - Baby Blues, Depressão Pós-Parto e Psicose Puerperal - são importantes para a prática médica, alguns pela sua alta prevalência e outros pela maior gravidade dos quadros. O médico assistente deve prestar atenção a fatores de riscos e conhecer os diferentes quadros clínicos de cada transtorno e como usar os métodos complementares para realização do diagnóstico precoce e correto. Isso porque o método de rastreio e de diagnóstico para esses transtornos é a consulta médica, explorando ativamente a presença de sintomas durante anamnese. O tratamento adequado é fundamental para preservação da saúde mental da mãe, bem como para o desenvolvimento infantil. Na atualidade, diferentes estratégias terapêuticas são disponíveis, tais como psicoterapia, medicamentos e eletroconvulsoterapia. Conclusão: A variedade de tratamentos permite abordar o transtorno psiquiátrico de cada paciente de maneira singular - levando em consideração a gravidade do quadro e a aceitação do tratamento. O maior desafio é o diagnóstico do transtorno, uma vez que frequentemente a paciente omite os sintomas.
ANÁLISE DA ALIMENTAÇÃO COMPLEMENTAR EM CRIANÇAS ENTRE 0 E 2 ANOS DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Gurmini Jocemara , Porello Élida Batista , Belleza Marcela Schmitt Santos , Silva Kenedi Novak , Kusma Solena Ziemer
Published: October 2017

A Alimentação Complementar é de suma importância no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor da criança. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar essa prática em uma amostra da população de Curitiba. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, através da avaliação de um questionário e dados antropométricos (peso e altura) de 80 crianças de 0 a 2 anos de idade que frequentam a rede pública de ensino de Curitiba, comparando os resultados com os dados recomendados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Os resultados mostraram que 79% das famílias contavam com renda familiar inferior a 3 salários mínimos; 57,5% das crianças encontravam-se na categoria de sobrepeso e apenas 13,75% das crianças receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo por pelo menos 6 meses (como recomendado pela OMS), sendo que 15% da amostra não recebeu leite materno em nenhum momento. Conclui-se que o índice de sobrepeso nesta população é alarmante, bem como a falta de aderência às recomendações médicas
AVALIAÇÃO DA FUNÇÃO RENAL EM PACIENTES PORTADORES DE RIM ÚNICO
Authors: Saboia Felipe De Paula , Chams Mohamad Abdul Majid , Nascimento Marcelo Mazza do
Published: October 2017

Introdução: Tem sido descrito na literatura que pacientes portadores de rim único podem desenvolver perda da função renal tornando-se portadores de doença renal crônica (DRC). Objetivo: Avaliar a função renal em pacientes nefrectomizados e acompanhados no HC-UFPR. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, analítico e descritivo. Os pacientes foram selecionados no sistema de informática por meio do CID-Z52.4 (doador renal) e CID-Z90.5 (ausência adquirida do rim). Foram selecionados 28 pacientes, os quais foram acompanhados no período entre 1984 e 2016. Foram coletados dados clínicos e laboratoriais dos prontuários ao longo do acompanhamento. Foi avaliada a função renal por meio da estimativa da Taxa de Filtração Glomerular (TFG), calculada usando a fórmula CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease – Epidemiology collaboration equation) e pela quantificação de proteinúria. Resultados: A população estudada foi majoritariamente do sexo feminino (67%) e possuía média (±desvio padrão) de idade de 56 ± 12 anos. Deste total, 75% eram doadores renais, 21% foram nefrectomizados por complicações de nefrolitíase e 4% por estenose de junção uretero-piélica. Desses, 57% dos pacientes eram hipertensos e 11%, diabéticos. O tempo de acompanhamento médio foi de 14,64 ± 9,02 anos. Observou-se uma queda insignificante na TFG estimada (79,6 ± 21,95 versus 69,3 ± 20,52 ml/min/1,73m2, p=0,14) no acompanhamento. Entretanto, observou-se aumento prevalência de proteinúria, inicialmente observada em 10,71%, para 39,29% ao final do acompanhamento (p<0,05). Conclusão: Apesar de não se verificar uma queda significativa da TFGe, verificou-se o aumento da prevalência de proteinúria, apontando a possibilidade, destes indivíduos, desenvolverem doença renal crônica a longo prazo.
Earnings Management through Tax Reserves and Auditor-Provided Tax Services
Authors: Ye Chunlai
Published: October 2017

This study investigates whether firms continue to use tax reserves to achieve financial reporting objectives in the post-FIN 48 period and the effect of auditor-provided tax services on earnings management through tax reserves. Three types of earnings management incentives are considered in this study: meeting or beating the consensus forecasts, income smoothing, and taking an “earnings bath.” The analyses yield evidence that only non-large firms manipulate tax reserves to meet/beat earnings forecast in the post-FIN 48 period; however, tax reserves are still utilized by both large and non-large firms to smooth earnings. Moreover, evidence is provided that the auditor who provides more tax services facilitates large firms’ earnings smoothing in the post-FIN 48 period, implying independence impairment. But this behavior does not exist within non-large firms, arguably because the auditor does not compromise independence for less important clients.