bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of average long-term soil salinity of arable land Golodnaya Steppe in Kazakhstan
Authors: Terekhov Alexey , Sagatdinova Gulshat , Murzabaev Bolat
Published: November 2023

In the Syr-Darya River basin on the border between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan there is an irrigation massif “Golodnaya Steppe”. In its Kazakh part, the agricultural procedure of winter washing of fields is practiced for cleaning from secondary salinization. It is carried out in January-February by flooding saline fields. At the same time, water mirrors are formed on the arable land, which can be recorded using satellite data. In this study, based on satellite information from Landsat 8,9 and Sentinel 1,2 for the period January-February 2016-2022, masks of water mirrors were created, located on irrigated arable land in winter. These masks diagnose seasonal farmers’ activity on cleaning arable land from secondary salinization. Analysis of the field washing frequency in the period 2016-2022 allowed to estimate the average long-term salinity of irrigated arable land in the analyzed region. The data obtained are of interest for the zoning of the territory of the irrigation massif “Golodnaya Steppe” in Kazakhstan according to the level of secondary salinization, which is important for optimizing the work to improve the irrigation and drainage infrastructure.
Effective methods for studying word combinations with regard to semantic parameters
Authors: Amirbekova Aigul , Talgatqyzy Gulnara , Zhanabekova Aiman , Kaіyrbekova Ulbossyn , Balabekov Aidar
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the article was to develop a methodological teaching approach that considers both lexical and grammatical parameters to enhance the understanding of word combinability. The study employs a multi-step analysis to identify combinational variants of lexemes, ranking their stability on a continuum from highly stable to less stable. It explores the interaction of meanings within word combinations and examines the dialectical connection between language and speech in learning lexical combinations. Existing literature and dictionaries are critically assessed to address limitations in documenting combining preferences of lexemes and stable word combinations. The research yields a methodological teaching tool that facilitates the study of word combinability. By analyzing combinatory patterns based on both lexical and grammatical parameters, the study identifies the most closely connected parameters within word sequences. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of word combinability in Kazakh, addressing both linguistic and extralinguistic aspects. It offers a valuable teaching approach to help learners correct common mistakes related to lexical form combinations. The research underscores the significance of considering both lexical and grammatical parameters when analyzing word combinability, highlighting their interconnectedness in the learning process.
Information strategies for preventing destructive behavior of civic activism in criminal youth subculture
Authors: Andreeva Julia , Vitushkin Aleksandr , Kosokina Irina , Nizhelskaya Irina
Published: November 2023

This article aims to explore the motivational reasons driving youth engagement in destructive and criminal communities, offering insights into the dynamics and implications of their involvement. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive study was conducted, employing a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods, including surveys, expert interviews, and focus group discussions. These methods facilitated an in-depth examination of the motivations and deterrents influencing young individuals' participation in these communities. The obtained results allowed us to draw conclusions that the most effective information and prevention strategies are based on education, demonstration of the regulated nature of phenomena, revealing their systematic nature, authorship, hierarchical structure (controllability). Preventive strategies can also be based on the nature of the motivational mechanisms of the youth audience, the basis of positive motivation (desire to join the group) is the desire for active, active self-actualization, the desire to get unusual (extreme) experiences, as well as the desire for security and joining a new ideology. Among the restraining motivational factors: fear of becoming dependent (rigid, humiliating hierarchy), threat of bullying (possibility of personal injuries), loss of positive reputation, high level of conflictogenicity and blackmail.
Volunteerism in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Khayrullina Yulduz , Garipova Regina , Talibova Farida
Published: November 2023

This article investigates volunteerism within the Republic of Tatarstan, offering a comprehensive examination of the phenomenon. Its purpose is to analyze the landscape of volunteerism, considering legal frameworks, motivations, and challenges. The research relies on a sociological inquiry conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2023. This investigation, a broad-scale survey targeting volunteers aged between 14 to 35 years, furnishes insights into the practices young individuals engage in as volunteers, alongside offering a snapshot of the current landscape and potential future of volunteerism in the region. The analysis points towards a promising trajectory of volunteerism within the republic, underscoring the pivotal role governmental entities play in fostering the growth of this movement locally. However, it is posited that the forward momentum of this domain within the republic is contingent upon a synergistic relationship between the volunteers and the state, viewed as a crucial facilitator. A profound interrelation is identified between the altruistic aspirations of volunteers to effectuate societal transformation and their own tangible career and material aspirations. In conclusion, the article proffers insights and recommendations stemming from the author’s research, shedding light on the future direction and enhancement of the volunteer movement in the republic.
University information policy as a tool for supporting civic engagement of student youth
Authors: Mukhamadullin Salavat , Andreeva Yulia , Ratner Faina , Raskhodova Ilmira
Published: November 2023

The article presents the author's approach to the study of the information field of a modern university as a unique virtual and real space of interaction, communication and consolidation of social forces, initiation of activity of student audiences. Information policy is a set of strategies of conscious management of the information field. The authors have made a research in 2020-2023 at Kazan Federal University by support of other universities of the Republic of Tatarstan. Different methods (case analysis and forecasting of effects, surveys and focus groups) allowed identifying the key elements of effective information policy: synchronization, integration of information policy of the university and the state, interactivity, creation of own platforms, updated communication channels, involvement of students as newsmakers and authors in the creation of newsmaking content.
Tractor Rollover Accidents: A Review of Factors and Safety Measures
Authors: Togaev Anvar , Shermukhamedov Abdulaziz
Published: November 2023

This paper focuses on tractor rollovers because they account for more than half of all the tractor-related deaths. As per international Labour organization more than 1247 deaths happen annually and more than 60,000 people get seriously injured due to tractor rollover. In addition, farm tractor operational safety principles are also highlighted. It has been observed through this study that the tractor rollovers occur when a tractor tips over, potentially crushing the operator. Furthermore, rollovers can happen on any terrain, but they are more likely to occur on sloping ground or when making sharp turns at high speed. Other factors that can contribute to rollovers include hitting obstacles, improper use of implements, and not using a rollover protective structure (ROPS) or seat belt.
Personal subsidiary plots as agricultural producers in the modern regional agrarian economy
Authors: Voronina Ya.V. , Voronin B.A. , Duskaliyev Assilbek , Gabdualiyeva Raushan , Akhmetzhanova Nazym , Kukhar V.S.
Published: November 2023

Federal Law 264-FZ of December 29, 2006 “On the Development of Agriculture” in article three defines the concept of “agricultural commodity producer”, which recognizes an organization, an individual entrepreneur engaged in the production of agricultural products, their primary and subsequent (industrial) processing (in including on leased fixed assets) in accordance with the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, and the sale of these products, provided that the share of the total income of agricultural producers from the sale of these products is at least seventy percent during the calendar year. The following are also recognized as agricultural producers: citizens running personal subsidiary plots, in accordance with the Federal Law of July 7, 2003 No. 112-FZ “On personal subsidiary plots”.
Oxygen and Antipyrene Diffusion During In Vitro Human Placental Perfusion
Authors: Robertson Alex , Trelford John D. , Nachman Richard , Czekajewski Sofia , Dearing James
Published: November 2023

Using an in vitro placental perfusion apparatus, the diffusion of oxygen and antipyrene across the human placenta was studied. At varying levels of maternal pO2 there was no equilibration of fetal pO2 across the placenta. Antipyrene diffusion was relatively slow. It is suggested that this apparatus is not physiologically accurate and that any further data from these in vitro methods be accompanied by measurements of other physiological parameters.
Transkutane (externe) Dakryozystorhinostomie mit Rekonstruktion des Ductus nasolacrimalis
Authors: Heichel Jens , Dettmer Wiebke , Paulsen Friedrich , Ali Mohammad Javed , Schmidt-Pokrzywniak Andrea , Viestenz Arne , Hammer Thomas , Struck Hans-Gert
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund Die Dakryozystorhinostomie (DZR) gilt als der Goldstandard für die Behandlung der chronischen Dakryozystitis (CDZ). Verschiedene Modifikationen der Operationstechnik
haben sich über viele Jahre ergeben.

Methoden Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie. Eingeschlossen wurden Patienten, die bei CDZ infolge postsakkaler TNW-Stenose (TNW: ableitende Tränenwege) eine DZR
erhielten. Die Operationsmodifikationen beinhalteten eine DZR mit TNW-Intubation zur Osteotomie (Gruppe 1) und eine DZR mit Eröffnung des Ductus nasolacrimalis (DNL) und TNW-Intubation nach
Ritleng (Gruppe 2). Als Erfolgskriterien wurden die Abwesenheit einer permanenten Epiphora, das Sistieren von Entzündungszeichen (funktioneller Erfolg) sowie das Ausbleiben einer
Rezidivoperation bei vorhandener Spülbarkeit definiert (anatomischer Erfolg). Dies wurde durch eine Fragebogenerhebung überprüft. Das postoperative Follow-up musste > 12 Monate betragen.
Der Einfluss von Geschlecht, Tränensackektasie, Dakryolithen und Voroperationen an den TNW wurde analysiert.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 248 TNW in die Studie eingeschlossen. In Gruppe 1 betrug das mittlere Patientenalter 68 Jahre (Spanne: 22 – 92 Jahre) bei einem Geschlechterverhältnis von
3,2 : 1 (w : m). In dieser Gruppe konnten 68 TNW nachbeobachtet werden. Das mittlere Patientenalter in Gruppe 2 lag bei 63 Jahren (Spanne: 24 – 89 Jahre) mit einer Geschlechterverteilung von
2,9 : 1 (w : m). Eine Nachbeobachtung war in dieser Gruppe bei 62 TNW möglich. Es zeigte sich ein vollkommener Operationserfolg (alle Kriterien betreffend) von 75% in Gruppe 1 und 75,8% in
Gruppe 2. Eine permanente Epiphora lag in Gruppe 1 bei 3,8% und in Gruppe 2 bei 2,9% der TNW vor. Eine Rezidivoperation wurde in Gruppe 1 bei 5,9% (n = 4) und in Gruppe 2 bei 1,6% (n = 1)
erforderlich (p = 0,368). Geschlecht (Gruppe 1: p = 1; Gruppe 2: p = 0,115; Gruppenvergleich: p = 0,511), Tränensackektasie (Gruppe 1: p = 0,877; Gruppe 2: p = 0,674; Gruppenvergleich:
p = 0,878), Dakryolithen (Gruppe 1: p = 1; Gruppe 2: p = 0,465; Gruppenvergleich: p = 1) und Voroperationen an den TNW (Gruppe 1 p = 0,092; Gruppe 2 p = 0,051; Gruppenvergleich p = 0,520)
stellten innerhalb der Gruppen und im Gruppenvergleich keine signifikanten Einflussfaktoren da. In der Gruppe 2 ließen sich signifikant häufiger Dakryolithen nachweisen (p = 0,010).

Schlussfolgerung Die Rekonstruktion des DNL im Rahmen einer DZR ist eine zusätzliche Modifikation, die ein tendenziell besseres Operationsergebnis hinsichtlich der Behandlung einer
CDZ ermöglicht. Intraoperativ kann Dakryolithenmaterial in den tieferen Anteilen der TNW klinisch inapparent vorliegen weshalb eine Inspektion dieser Abschnitte erfolgen sollte.
Clinical Value and Operational Risks of MRI in ICU patients – A Retrospective Analysis Performed at a University Medical Center
Authors: Pawlik Michael T. , Dendl Lena M. , Achajew Lom-Ali , Zeman Florian , Blecha Sebastian , Jung Michael , Schleder Stephan , Schreyer Andreas G.
Published: November 2023

Purpose Intensive care unit (ICU) patients have a high risk of developing complications when leaving the ICU for diagnostic procedures or therapeutic interventions. Our study examined the frequency of adverse events associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intensive care patients and the extent of changes in therapy due to the MRI scan to weigh the risks associated with the scan against the potential benefits of an MR scan, using a change in therapy as an indicator of benefit.

Materials and Methods 4434 ICU patients (January to December 2015) were identified by Hospital Information System (SAP-R/3 IS-H, Walldorf, Germany), ICU patient data management system Metavision (iMDsoft, Israel), and Radiology Information System (Nexus.medRIS, Version 8.42, Nexus, Germany). All intensive care and medical records (HIS) and MRI reports (RIS) were matched and further evaluated in a retrospective case-to-case analysis for biometric data, mechanical ventilation, ICU requirements, planned postoperative vs. emergency diagnostic requirements, complications and impact on further diagnosis or therapy.

Results Out of 4434 ICU patients, 322 ICU patients (7.3 %) underwent a total of 385 MRI examinations. 167 patients needed a total of 215 emergency scans, while 155 patients underwent 170 planned postoperative MRI exams. 158 (94.6 %) out of 167 emergency scan patients were ventilated under continuous intravenous medication and monitoring. In the planned postoperative group, only 6 (3.9 %) out of 155 were ventilated, but a total of 38 (24.5 %) were under continuous medication. 111 patients were accompanied by nurses only during MRI. Only one severe adverse event (0.3 %) was noted and was attributed to study preparation (n = 385). In 8 MRI examinations (2.1 %), the examination was interrupted or cancelled due to the patients’ condition. While all MRI examinations in the planned group were completed (n = 170, 100 %) (e. g., postoperative controls), only 207 out of 215 (96.3 %) could be performed for emergency diagnostic reasons. MRI influenced the clinical course with a change in diagnosis or therapy in 74 (19.2 %) of all 385 MRI examinations performed, and in the emergency diagnostic group it was 31.2 % (n = 67/215).

Conclusion Nearly 20 % of MRI examinations of ICU patients resulted in a change of therapy. With only one potentially life-threatening adverse event (0.3 %) during transport and the MRI examination, the risk seems to be outweighed by the diagnostic benefit.

Key Points
Recent Developments in the Detection of Zn2+ Ions Using Schiff Base Probes
Authors: Singh Bholey , Pani Balaram , Kumar Ram , Pandey Shwetank Shashi
Published: November 2023

In the past few decades, zinc has attracted great attention from the scientific community due to its supreme importance in living organisms. Zinc is a trace element that is vitally important to all living organisms and it plays an important role in the immune system, wound healing, growth, and division. Therefore, the development and advancement of simple, efficient, selective, and inexpensive chemosensors for the determination of Zn2+ is a paramount prerequisite. Chemosensors have unique properties that are used for the specific and selective determination of several metal ions. This review summarizes the Schiff base chemosensors designed and synthesized by several research groups from the year 2018. The interaction of these probes with zinc metal ions has also been discussed briefly in this review. Furthermore, the comparison of detection limits of these probes demonstrated that the Schiff base probe possessing two benzothiazole moieties exhibits the lowest detection limit (0.00028 μM), indicating it to be the lead compound in the determination of Zn2+ ions in the near future.
Synergistic Organoboron/Palladium Catalysis for Regioselective N-Allylation of 2-Pyridones, 4-Pyridones, and Related Ambident Heterocycles
Authors: Taylor Mark S. , Yatzoglou Giorgos , Zambri Matthew T. , Desai Shrey P.
Published: November 2023

The use of a boronic acid co-catalyst along with a palladium complex enables efficient dehydrative couplings of allylic alcohols and tautomerizable heterocycles. The protocol has been applied to achieve N-allylations of 2-pyridones, 4-pyridones, 4-pyrimidinones, and their benzofused derivatives.
Association of Decreased Enhancement of Nasoseptal Flap on Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging with the Risk of Complication
Authors: Wingrove Peter M. , Arani Keerthi N. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A. , Cabral David T. Fernandes , Zenonos Georgios A. , Wang Eric W. , Chabot Joseph , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Chang Yue-Fang , Hughes Marion A.
Published: November 2023

Objectives Our objective was to determine if decreased contrast enhancement on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with an increased risk of complication in patients who have undergone nasoseptal flap (NSF) reconstruction.

Design/Setting This was a single-institution retrospective study of patients who underwent a first-time endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) with NSF reconstruction.

Participants Patients underwent an EEA to the skull base with NSF reconstruction and received postoperative MRI within 3 weeks of the operation.

Main Outcome Measures MR exams were scored on the degree of contrast enhancement at first postoperative MRI. An enhancement score of 4 indicated ≥75% enhancement of the NSF. A score of 3 indicated enhancement ≥50% and <75% enhancement of the NSF. A score of 2 indicated ≥25% and <50% enhancement of the NSF. Complications (e.g., cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] leak, meningitis, empyema, cerebritis, brain abscess, flap necrosis, and flap migration) were retrieved from our institution's skull base database. Logistic regression was used to determine the effect of the MRI enhancement score on the odds of developing a complication.

Results Out of 99 patients in the study, six had complications. Patients who underwent NSF reconstruction of skull base defects were found to have 19 times higher odds of complication (p = 0.007) if they had had an NSF enhancement score of 2 on their postoperative MRI when compared with patients with complete or near complete NSF enhancement (score 4).

Conclusion Quantifying NSF enhancement with an MRI may help surgeons better predict which of their patients are at an increased risk of complication.
Antiproton transport system to take the Standard Model for a spin
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: November 2023

For precision measurements, antiprotons must be transported outside the particle collider that produced them.
Degradability of methylene orange synthetic dyes of multiferroic NiFe2O4–Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 composites
Authors: Lam Dao Son , Hieu Nguyen Minh , Dung Dang Duc , Linh Dinh Chi , Tung Nguyen Ngoc , Viet Chinh Nguyen Thi , Huong Ngo Thu , Thanh Tran Dang
Published: November 2023

Five samples of xNiFe2O4/(1 − x)Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (where x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) multiferroic nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated using ball milling combined with heat treatment in a short time. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the coexistence of two phases, namely, NiFe2O4 (NFO) and Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (BSTO). The average grain size obtained is about 50–100 nm, and NFO and BSTO phases are evenly distributed in the samples. With an increase in the content of NFO, the values characterizing the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties improve significantly. Furthermore, the bandgap energy (Eg) value was also strongly reduced. The results on the degradability of methylene orange show that the apparent first-order rate of composites containing NFO with x = 0.4 was found to be k = 0.0228 min−1, which is significantly higher than that of pure BSTO (k = 0.0166 min−1), suggesting that NFO/BSTO multiferroic nanocomposites could be considered as candidate photocatalysts for the degradation of pollutants.
Investigation of the effects of nasal surgery on nasal cavity flow using magnetic resonance velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Han Kyuho , Lee Sung-Gwang , Kim Kwanwoo , Jeong Baren , Paek Munyoung , Lee Whal , Hwang Wontae
Published: November 2023

The nasal cavity has the function of conditioning the air inhaled into the lungs by heating, humidifying, and filtering dust and virus-borne aerosols. Analyzing the flow field in the nasal cavity is vital because its function is strongly related to flow dynamics. Due to experimental limitations posed by the complex internal geometry of the nasal cavity, most previous studies have utilized Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In this study, the flow field in a post-operative nasal cavity was evaluated using not only CFD simulations but also four-dimensional magnetic resonance velocimetry. The study was conducted under resting breathing conditions in pre- and post-operative models of a patient who received septoplasty and turbinoplasty. The experimental results confirmed balanced flow rates in the left and right nasal cavities after septoplasty and a decrease in velocity after turbinoplasty with a reduction in regions with vortices and reverse flow. Upon comparison, CFD results using the laminar, k–ω, and shear stress transport models were deemed to be consistent with the experimental results. However, there was a relatively large deviation observed with the k–ε model. Using the validated laminar CFD model, it was shown that the pressure and wall shear stress decreased after surgery.
Research on the mechanism of interactions between Li/Na/K atoms and electrode materials
Authors: Pang Yudong , Zhang Xilin , Wang Mingyang , Shi Zhenpu , Yang Zongxian , Lu Zhansheng , Wu Ruqian
Published: November 2023

As the demand for high-capacity battery materials continues to grow, the exploration of the interaction mechanisms between Li/Na/K atoms and electrode materials has gained tremendous attention. In this study, we introduce a descriptor (ɛɑ) aimed at efficiently identifying high-performance electrode materials, specifically from two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides and C and N compounds (MXenes). Our density functional theory calculations disclose a robust linear relationship between this descriptor and the adsorption energy (Ead), represented as Ead = ɛɑ + b. The fitting parameters, ɛɑ and b, are individually linked to the inherent properties of the substrate and adsorbate. Explicitly, the descriptor ɛɑ represents the capacity of the electrode material to accommodate an extra electron, while the intercept b is determined by the ionization energy (EIP) of alkali atoms and the coupling energy (Ecp) between the cation to the negatively charged substrate. This finding serves as a practical guide for designing high-capacity battery materials and paves the way for future advancements in this field.
Elastic constants of equiatomic Fe–Ni Invar alloy single crystal
Authors: Singh Rahulkumar Sunil , Guruswamy Sivaraman
Published: November 2023

In a disordered fcc structure, the equiatomic Fe–Ni alloy is of great interest as a soft magnetic Invar alloy with a near zero or low thermal expansion coefficient. In the L10 ordered phase, it is of interest as a potential high-performance permanent magnet alloy. In this work, the first detailed measurements of the elastic constants in a [001]-oriented Fe-50 at. % Ni alloy single crystal under a no magnetic field condition were made using the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technique. The elastic constants measured allow one to understand the nature of atomic bonding in a material and the mechanical response to applied stress. The single crystal sample having a rectangular parallelepiped shape was prepared from a single crystal grown using the vertical Bridgman technique. The elastic constants C11, C12, and C44 were obtained from the resonant frequencies observed over a frequency range of 100–900 kHz. Using these C11, C12, and C44 values, Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson’s ratio were calculated to be 99.1 GPa, 73.4 GPa, 176.7 GPa, and 0.20, respectively. The large anisotropy factor of 3.29 highlights the strong directional dependence of the material’s mechanical behavior.
Studies on the nonlinear dielectric response in ferroelectric–dielectric composite system
Authors: Cao Zixin , Li Yawei , Shang Liyan , Jiang Kai , Zhang Jinzhong , Zhu Liangqing , Hu Zhigao , Chu Junhao
Published: November 2023

The nonlinear dielectric response (NDR) of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12–Al2O3 systems has been studied. To reveal the effects of the dielectric layer (DL) systematically, a method based on the equivalent circuit analysis and parametric study is proposed. The consistency between the calculated results and the experimental results manifests the validity of the method. In addition to the Rayleigh coefficients varying monotonically with the capacitance of DL, it is revealed that the slope between the real and the imaginary parts of the complex capacitance under different ac voltages is related to the relative loss values of DL and the ferroelectric layer. The frequency dependence of the NDR parameters is also discussed. The method established in this work is useful for research on the devices based on the ferroelectric–dielectric system and the ultra-thin ferroelectric films.
14C diamond as energy converting material in betavoltaic battery: A first principles study
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Lu Jingbin , Chen Zhanguo , Liu Xinrui , Liu Yuxin , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yuehui , Tian Fubo
Published: November 2023

The application of radioactive semiconductors is a potential way to improve the performance of betavoltaic battery. The stability and band structure of decayed 14C diamond are investigated by density functional theory. After the decay, the 14C atoms are substituted by nitrogen atoms, and it can be seen that the corresponding C63N1 and C62N2 structures have larger lattice constants and become more unstable. The C63N1 structure is a metallic system instead of an indirect bandgap semiconductor. Different C62N2 configurations have either metallic or indirect bandgap semiconductor properties, and the bandgaps are significantly lower than those of pure diamond. The 14C diamond–12C diamond betavoltaic battery switches between a pn-junction and p-type Schottky diode with higher short-circuit current.
The modulations of higher order solitonic pressure and energy of fluid filled elastic tubes
Authors: Alayachi H. S.
Published: November 2023

In this article, we investigate the weak higher order nonlinear solitonic pressure waves in elastic, incompressible, nonviscous fluid-filled tubes. The higher order Korteweg–de Vries equation has been developed from the perturbed nonlinear equation. The dependence of higher-order solitonic pressure, higher order fluid velocity, and higher order solitonic energy on the nonlinear coefficient and the perturbation parameter has been established. The presented solutions will be more beneficial in the several disciplines of blood flow and many other related fields of applied science.
Tunable force transduction through the
Escherichia coli
cell envelope
Authors: Williams-Jones Daniel P. , Webby Melissa N. , Press Cara E. , Gradon Jan M. , Armstrong Sophie R. , Szczepaniak Joanna , Kleanthous Colin
Published: November 2023

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is not energised and so processes requiring a driving force must connect to energy-transduction systems in the inner membrane (IM). Tol (Tol-Pal) and Ton are related, proton motive force- (PMF-) coupled assemblies that stabilise the OM and import essential nutrients, respectively. Both rely on proton-harvesting IM motor (stator) complexes, which are homologues of the flagellar stator unit Mot, to transduce force to the OM through elongated IM force transducer proteins, TolA and TonB, respectively. How PMF-driven motors in the IM generate mechanical work at the OM via force transducers is unknown. Here, using cryoelectron microscopy, we report the 4.3Å structure of the
Escherichia coli
TolQR motor complex. The structure reaffirms the 5:2 stoichiometry seen in Ton and Mot and, with motor subunits related to each other by 10 to 16° rotation, supports rotary motion as the default for these complexes. We probed the mechanism of force transduction to the OM through in vivo assays of chimeric TolA/TonB proteins where sections of their structurally divergent, periplasm-spanning domains were swapped or replaced by an intrinsically disordered sequence. We find that TolA mutants exhibit a spectrum of force output, which is reflected in their respective abilities to both stabilise the OM and import cytotoxic colicins across the OM. Our studies demonstrate that structural rigidity of force transducer proteins, rather than any particular structural form, drives the efficient conversion of PMF-driven rotary motions of 5:2 motor complexes into physiologically relevant force at the OM.
Extended centroid position method in liquid-crystal-based interrogation system for electric-field-modulated Fabry-Perot sensing
Authors: Chakraborty Susanta , Sinha Aloka
Published: November 2023

A polarized low-coherence interferometer (PLCI) based on a liquid crystal (LC) wedge is designed, and an associated demodulation method encompassing the tunability feature is proposed for tunable, standalone optical sensing. The application of an electric field to the LC material effectively decreases the birefringence value and the related dispersion relation, which in turn enhances the resolution of detection. The effect of the electric field on the demodulation of the cavity length is addressed by the successive determinations of the centroid positions of the PLCI interferograms. Through a comprehensive study of numerical simulations, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is explored relative to the conventional envelope detection methodology. In order to verify this method, an experiment with a Fabry-Perot-based fiber optic displacement sensor is carried out using a 5CB LC wedge-based PLCI setup in the presence of an electric field. The measurement accuracy of the cavity length is found to be 0.74% of full scale, rendering it more precise and robust than the conventional envelope detection method.
Realization of the absorbed dose to water for 70 kV electronic brachytherapy sources for surface applications
Authors: Schneider T
Published: November 2023

Objective. The purpose of this work is to establish a primary standard for the absorbed dose to water for surface applications with 70 kV electronic brachytherapy sources and thereby to investigate several reference conditions with respect to applicability in metrology institutes, calibration labs and clinics. Approach. A primary standard for the absorbed dose to water for LDR-Seeds (ipFAC) was utilized. For this, the method of evaluation was modified to account for the different geometries in interstitial and surface brachytherapy and for the different energy distributions of the radiation fields, respectively. The correction factors required to determine the absorbed dose to water were evaluated using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. MC-calculations were also used to estimate the uncertainties of this method. Main results. It could be shown that determining the absorbed dose to water in 1 cm depth below the surface of a water phantom D
w (1 cm) is feasible with the ipFAC. Thereby the method to determine D
w (1 cm) when the source is placed at 50 cm distance and the beam is collimated turns out to be more robust to variations in the directional emittance of the source than placing the source applicator assembly directly on the phantom. Significance. The first method features significantly lower uncertainties, 1.4% compared to 3.7% (both for k = 2), for the second one. However, a calibration based on a transfer chamber calibrated with the second method is more practical and easier to implement in clinical routine.
Resonant Y-Type solutions, N-Lump waves, and hybrid solutions to a Ma-type model: a study of lump wave trajectories in superposition
Authors: Madadi Majid , Asadi Esmaeel , Ghanbari Behzad
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we incorporate new constrained conditions into N-soliton solutions for a (2+1)-dimensional fourth-order nonlinear equation recently developed by Ma, resulting in the derivation of resonant Y-type solitons, lump waves, soliton lines and breather waves. We utilize the velocity-module resonance method to mix resonant waves with line waves and breather solutions. To investigate the interaction between higher-order lumps and resonant waves, soliton lines, and breather waves, we use the long wave limit method. We analyze the motion trajectory equations before and after the collision of lumps and other waves. To illustrate the physical behavior of these solutions, several figures are included. We also analyze the Painlevé integrability and explore the existence of multi-soliton solutions for the Ma equation in general. We demonstrate that our specific Ma-type equation is not Painlevé integrable; however, it does exhibit multi-soliton solutions.
Rational extensions of an oscillator-shaped quantum well potential in a position-dependent mass background
Authors: Quesne C
Published: November 2023

We show that a recently proposed oscillator-shaped quantum well model associated with a position-dependent mass can be solved by applying a point canonical transformation to the constant-mass Schrödinger equation for the Scarf I potential. On using the known rational extension of the latter connected with X
1-Jacobi exceptional orthogonal polynomials, we build a rationally-extended position-dependent mass model with the same spectrum as the starting one. Some more involved position-dependent mass models associated with X
2-Jacobi exceptional orthogonal polynomials are also considered.
Research on color image encryption approach based on chaotic Duffing map
Authors: Kanwal Shamsa , Inam Saba , Quddus Sabeen , Hajjej Fahima
Published: November 2023

In this study, we propose a novel image encryption approach that utilizes the chaotic dynamics of the Duffing map and Moore-penrose pseudo inverse to obscure images. Chaotic maps have been widely used in the field of image encryption due to their sensitive dependence on initial conditions, enabling them a suitable candidate for generating pseudo-random sequences that can be used for encryption tasks. The Duffing map, known for its complex nonlinear behavior, is highly preferred for developing robust and secure encryption schemes. The proposed approach aims to develop a balance between encryption efficiency and cryptographic security while maintaining a straightforward implementation. The analytical results and comparison of suggested approach with some existing approaches exhibit that it is a robust and secure method for real-time image encryption.
Classification of Painlevé type equations by the Mei symmetries and their exact solutions
Authors: Ur Rehman Haseeb , Feroze Tooba
Published: November 2023

There are fifty second-order ordinary differential equations of Painlevé type in the literature. This paper investigates the Mei symmetries corresponding to the Lagrangian of these equations. This classifies these equations by the admitted Mei symmetries, along with the Mei invariants and their respective gauge functions. The existence of Mei symmetries can be correlated with the autonomous and non-autonomous properties of ordinary differential equations of Painlevé type. Furthermore, using symmetries, exact solutions to certain Painlevé type equations are obtained.
Flaky N-doped hard carbon anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Kai-Yang , Fu Yan-Qiu , Liu Han-Hao , Yang Jia-Lin , Su Meng-Yuan , Wang Yinglin , Wu Xing-Long
Published: November 2023

Hard carbon (HC), as a promising anode material for sodium ion batteries, its sluggish diffusion performance hinders further improvement of electrochemical performance. In the preparation process of HC materials, the screening and treatment of precursors can optimize the structure and morphology of HC products, further affecting electrochemical performance. Here, we use peptone as the precursor of HC and prepare flaky N-doped HC (PFNC) through a one-step annealing method. Benefitting from this structure, the prepared PNFC delivers a specific capacity of 315.5 mAh g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1 with excellent rate performance and cyclic stability. This work proves that peptone is a valuable carbon precursor, opening a new avenue for further application and development of HC.
Magnon-magnon entanglement generation between two remote interaction-free optomagnonic systems via optical Bell-state measurement
Authors: Golkar S , Ghasemian E , Setodeh Kheirabady M , Tavassoly M K
Published: November 2023

Finding new strategies for the generation and preservation of quantum resources, e.g. entanglement between spatially separated macroscopic systems enables reliable and fertile platforms to study both fundamental quantum physics and fruitful applications such as quantum networks and distant quantum information processing. Here, we want to address how to generate magnon-magnon entanglement (MME) in an optomagnonic system based on the optical Bell-state measurement. To do so, we consider a hybrid optomagnonic system comprising of two identical, but distant dissipative microwave cavities, each containing a ferromagnetic YIG sphere and a superconducting qubit. Besides, each subsystem is driven via an external laser field. We numerically simulate the solution of the corresponding master equation and discuss the time-dependent as well as the steady state entanglement between the distant magnon modes at different interaction regime. Also, the fidelity of the generated entangled states is studied in detail. Generally, the dissipative environmental effects plague the MME, however, it is possible to generate a considerable amount of MME even at the steady state regime. Also, the results show that the robust MME may be enhanced by applying a relatively strong external pump decreasing the relative magnon damping rate as well as increasing the relative qubit-photon coupling strength, while some other parameters involved in the model, i.e. the atomic damping rate and detuning parameter do not considerably affect the amplitude (the maximum value) of MME. Exceptionally, although the magnon damping rate decreases the amount of MME, the entanglement stability takes place in a longer time interval in the strong magnonic damping regime. Moreover, the maximum of the steady state entanglement may be obtained in the moderate magnon-photon coupling regime provided that the system is driven by strong external pumps. Furthermore, the system can generate robust MME at steady state, especially in the small detuning regime. Our further investigations show that the system can provide relatively high-fidelity magnonic entangled states even in the presence of inevitable environmental effects. The proposed model offers an attractive platform for the generation of quantum resources to establish long-distance quantum networks based on magnonic and photonic systems.
Topological-edge-state spin transport in asymmetric three-terminal silicenelike nanodevice
Authors: Hu Zheng-Da , Lin Ze-Yu , Sun Yun-Lei , Ye En-Jia
Published: November 2023

We theoretically investigate the topological-edge-state spin transport in asymmetric three-terminal silicene-like nanodevice. Since silicene-like materials are honeycomb structures with considerable spin-orbit interaction (SOI), they possess both Dirac electron and topology insulator behaviors. In the three-terminal silicene-like nanodevice, the SOI realizes helical edge state and brings fully spin polarization selectively without external field. Firstly, we find that the spin degeneracy breaking gives rise to spin-polarized transport, i.e., up-spin electron and down-spin electron propagating to different leads from the top lead. The distribution of edge-state spin-dependent current in the real space indicates that an up-/down-spin channel to the left/right lead is opened at the interface of the present nanodevice. Secondly, the spin-polarized transport behavior has a competition with the effect of asymmetric transport, which prefers propagating the up- and down-electrons from top lead to the same (right) lead. Interestingly, as the geometric size variation is considered, the results show that the width increase of the horizontal armchair (top vertical zigzag) lead reinforces the spin-polarized (asymmetric) transport. However, when both the armchair and zigzag leads increase simultaneously, the spin-polarized transport becomes the dominant effect. Therefore, this edge-state spin-polarized transport behavior is topologically protected and very robust as the whole geometric size of the nanodevice increases. These properties of the topological-edge-state spin transport enable the asymmetric three-terminal silicene-like nanodevice a spin filter or a spin valve, and might contribute to the silicene-like nanocircuit engineering and spintronics application.
Pressure sensor based on two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator
Authors: Gupta Priyanka Kumari , Paltani Punya Prasanna , Tripathi Shrivishal
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes a novel pressure sensor utilizing a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) based on a ring resonator design. The sensor consists of a square ring resonator that is connected to two photonic crystal waveguides. The photonic crystal is comprised of a square lattice of circular Silicon dielectric rods with air serving as a background. The proposed sensor operates within a pressure range of 0 to 6 GPa, corresponding to a wavelength range of 1554 nm to 1569 nm. The band structures and transmission characteristics of the proposed sensor are studied using the plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods. The normalized transmission spectra of the sensor are observed by varying parameters such as the refractive index, radius, lattice constant, and pressure value, resulting in corresponding wavelength shifts. The proposed sensor design offers a compact size, a wide dynamic range of 6 GPa pressure, and a high sensitivity of 3 nm/GPa. These properties make it highly suitable for a range of applications such as high-pressure or stress-sensing, medical applications, and long pipeline strain monitoring.
Unconventional photon blockade in the two-photon Jaynes–Cummings model with two-frequency cavity drivings and atom driving
Authors: Liu 刘 Xin 欣 , Tian 田 Meng-Yu 梦雨 , Cui 崔 Xiao-Ning 晓宁 , Zhang 张 Xin-He 馨鹤
Published: November 2023

In a two-frequency cavity driving and atom driving atom-cavity system, we find the photon blockade effect. In a truncated eigenstates space, we calculate the zero-delay second-order correlation function of the cavity mode analytically and obtain an optimal condition for the photon blockade. By including three transition pathways, we find that higher excitations of the cavity mode can be further suppressed and the zero-delay second-order correlation function can be reduced additionally. Based on the master equation, we simulate the system evolution and find that the analytical solutions match well with the numerical results. Our scheme is robust with small fluctuations of parameters and may be used as a new type of single photon source.
The ALMA-QUARKS Survey. I. Survey Description and Data Reduction
Authors: Liu 刘 Xunchuan 训川 , Liu Tie , Zhu Lei , Garay Guido , Liu Hong-Li , Goldsmith Paul , Evans Neal , Kim Kee-Tae , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Xu Fengwei , Lu Xing , Tej Anandmayee , Mai Xiaofeng , Bronfman Leonardo , Li Shanghuo , Mardones Diego , Stutz Amelia , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Wang Ke , Zhang Qizhou , Qin Sheng-Li , Zhou Jianwen , Luo Qiuyi , Zhang Siju , Cheng Yu , He Jinhua , Gu Qilao , Li Ziyang , Zhang Zhenying , Zhang Suinan , Saha Anindya , Dewangan Lokesh , Sanhueza Patricio , Shen Zhiqiang
Published: November 2023

This paper presents an overview of the QUARKS survey, which stands for “Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures.” The QUARKS survey is observing 139 massive clumps covered by 156 pointings at Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 (λ ∼ 1.3 mm). In conjunction with data obtained from the ALMA-ATOMS survey at Band 3 (λ ∼ 3 mm), QUARKS aims to carry out an unbiased statistical investigation of massive star formation process within protoclusters down to a scale of 1000 au. This overview paper describes the observations and data reduction of the QUARKS survey, and gives a first look at an exemplar source, the mini-starburst Sgr B2(M). The wide-bandwidth (7.5 GHz) and high-angular-resolution (∼0.″3) observations of the QUARKS survey allow for the resolution of much more compact cores than those could be done by the ATOMS survey, and to detect previously unrevealed fainter filamentary structures. The spectral windows cover transitions of species including CO, SO, N2D+, SiO, H30
α, H2CO, CH3CN, and many other complex organic molecules, tracing gas components with different temperatures and spatial extents. QUARKS aims to deepen our understanding of several scientific topics of massive star formation, such as the mass transport within protoclusters by (hub-)filamentary structures, the existence of massive starless cores, the physical and chemical properties of dense cores within protoclusters, and the feedback from already formed high-mass young protostars.