bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Disorders of Fatty Acid Metabolism, Arterial Wall Hypoxia, and Intraplaque Hemorrhages on Lipid Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Vessels
Authors: Osipenko A. N.
Published: June 2021

The review describes a number of competing views on the main causes of cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic vessels. On the one hand, unregulated cholesterol influx into arterial intima is primarily related to the increasing proportion of atherogenic lipoproteins in the lipoprotein spectrum of blood. On the other hand, the leading role in this process is assigned to the increased permeability of endothelium for atherogenic lipoproteins. The increased ability of arterial intima connective tissue to bind atherogenic blood lipoproteins is also considered to be the leading cause of cholesterol accumulation in the vascular wall. The key role in cholesterol accumulation is also assigned to unregulated (by a negative feedback mechanism) absorption of atherogenic lipoproteins by foam cells. It is suggested that the main cause of abundant cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic vessels is significant inflow of this lipid into the vascular wall during vasa vasorum hemorrhages.

The article also provides arguments, according to which disorder of fatty acid metabolism in arterial wall cells can initiate accumulation of neutral lipids in them, contribute to the inflammation and negatively affect the mechanical conditions around the vasa vasorum in the arterial walls. As a result, the impact of pulse waves on the luminal surface of the arteries will lead to frequent hemorrhages of these microvessels. At the same time, adaptive-muscular intima hyperplasia, which develops in arterial channel areas subjected to high hemodynamic loads, causes local hypoxia in a vascular wall. As a result, arterial wall cells undergo even more severe lipid transformation. Hypoxia also stimulates vascularization of the arterial wall, which contributes to hemorrhages in it. With hemorrhages, free erythrocyte cholesterol penetrates into the forming atherosclerotic plaque, a part of this cholesterol forms cholesterol esters inside the arterial cells. The saturation of erythrocyte membranes with this lipid in conditions of hypercholesterolemia and atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia contributes to the process of cholesterol accumulation in arteries.
The Inspiration of Zechariah in the Gospel According to Matthew
Authors: Jonczyk Wiesław
Published: June 2021

This article, dealing in parallel with The Book of Zechariah and The Gospel of Mathew, is focused on the similarity of ideas and expressions common to both books. It concentrates on an analysis of the biblical text and the most significant allusions, highlighting the connection between the prophesies of Zechariah and their use in Matthew. In the Gospel, that which comes from Zechariah is focused upon Jesus, who is depicted as a humble king who redeems his people and is presented like an abandoned shepherd. The language and concepts through which Jesus is described are closer to the Hebrew thoughts than to Greek concepts.
Przeciw myśleniu modelami w teologii. Polemika
Authors: Słomka Jan
Published: June 2021

Rozumowanie teologiczne oparte na modelu jest obecne w wielu dziedzinach współczesnej teologii. Swoje uzasadnienie czerpie ono m.in. z książki I. Barboura Mity, modele, paradygmaty, w której Autor uprawomocnia stosowanie „modelu” – pojęcia wywodzącego się z nauk nowożytnych – w teologii. Podstawową zasadą tego uprawomocnienia jest analogia. Jacek Kempa w swoim artykule Relacje między modelami w soteriologii. Glossa do dyskusji o komplementarności” przedstawił właśnie takie rozumowanie teologiczne. Jego artykuł stał się inspiracją dla mojej polemiki z samą ideą stosowania modeli w teologii. Mój sprzeciw jest fundamentalny. Otóż wraz z zastosowaniem pojęcia „model” teologia przyjmuje „z dobrodziejstwem inwentarza” cały paradygmat nauki nowożytnej i swoje rozumowania prowadzi wewnątrz zasad logiki matematycznej. Twierdzę, że zastosowana przez Barboura analogia jest nieuprawniona, bo model jako kategoria matematyczna nie tworzy dobrego punktu wyjścia do analogii. Ważnym wątkiem w książce Barboura jest metafora. Udowadnia on, że metafory są po prostu modelami i właśnie jako modele odzyskują w nauce, a zwłaszcza w teologii, pełnoprawne miejsce. Jest to rozumienie metafory charakterystyczne dla filozofii analitycznej. Zupełnie inaczej analizują metaforę dwudziestowieczni filozofowie europejscy. Dla nich metafora jest pełnoprawnym i pierwotnym wyrazem ludzkiego języka. Sądzę, że teologia nie powinna uznawać metafor za modele, ale iść za analizami hermeneutyki europejskiej. Przedstawiony tu mój sprzeciw wobec używania modeli w teologii oraz interpretowania metafor jak modeli jest przyczynkiem do odpowiedzi na zasadnicze pytanie metodologiczne: czy myślenie w paradygmacie nauki nowożytnej, którego najwyższą formą jest matematyka, może stać się myśleniem własnym teologii? Według mnie ‒ nie. Takie myślenie jest czysto przedmiotowe i formalne. Nie ma w sobie żadnego otwarcia na to, co podmiotowe, ani na to, co zmysłowe. Tym bardziej nie jest w stanie posłużyć do wypowiadania „prawdy o Bogu”.
Nawadnianie i karmienie pacjentów w stanie wegetatywnym – problematyka etyczna
Authors: Aszyk Piotr
Published: June 2021

Pacjenci w stanie wegetatywnym wymagają szczególnej i kompleksowej opieki. Niemal we wszystkim są zależni od pomocy innych. Chorzy bardzo poważnie niedomagają, nie są jednak ludźmi umierającym i mogą przeżyć wiele lat. Jednak od kilku dekad pojawiają się w przestrzeni publicznej postulaty depersonalizacji owych pacjentów. Podważane bywa ich prawo do życia, skazuje się ich na śmierć w wyniku zaprzestania nawadniania i odżywiania. Kwestie te niejednokrotnie trafiają na sądową wokandę, choć de facto stanowią przede wszystkim problem natury moralnej, który każe pochylić się nad istotą człowieczeństwa przytłoczonego brzemieniem bezradności i cierpienia. Niniejszy tekst jest próbą zmierzenia się z niektórymi problemami etycznymi zogniskowanymi wokół zaprzestania nawadniania i karmienia osób w stanie wegetatywnym.
Konsyliencja nauk przyrodniczych i teologii moralnej życia biologicznego według papieża Franciszka
Authors: Kowalcze Mateusz , Filipowicz Artur
Published: June 2021

W artykule zaprezentowano trzy możliwe modele wzajemnych relacji między teologią moralną życia biologicznego a naukami przyrodniczymi. Omówiono dwa modele niedialogiczne, zakładające przejęcie kontroli nad pierwszą z dyscyplin przez drugą z nich (konkordyzm) lub ich wzajemną definitywną autonomię (dyskordyzm) oraz model dialogiczny w postaci konsyliencji oparty na twórczej współpracy wskazanych nauk przy wzajemnym poszanowaniu ich własnej metodologii i obszaru badawczego. Konsyliencja znajduje swoje uzasadnienie w wielu orzeczeniach Urzędu Nauczycielskiego Kościoła, począwszy od czasów papieża Piusa XII aż do pontyfikatu papieża Franciszka, który konsyliencji poświecił najwięcej uwagi w porównaniu z poprzednikami. Ze względu na dominujący w niektórych środowiskach naukowych, społecznych czy politycznych paradygmat techniczno-ekonomiczny przedstawiony dyskurs staje się o tyle istotny, że od jego wyników zależą losy wielu ludzi, kultur, a nawet społeczeństw. Urząd Nauczycielski Kościoła może wiele wnieść do tego dyskursu, o ile tylko znajdzie skuteczny sposób zabrania w nim głosu.
Hubungan Antara Hs-Crp Dengan Derajat Keparahan Lesi Angiografi Berdasarkan Gensini Scoring Pada Penderita Stable Angina Di Rsal Dr.Ramelan Surabaya
Authors: WICAKSONO ANTOK , KOMALASARI INTAN , MULYATI SRI
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang : Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan penyakit yang terjadi akibat Stenosis arteri koroner. Penyakit ini terjadi akibat akumulasi plak pada arteri koroner, sehingga menyebabkan lumen arteri mengalami stenosis. Stenosis sebesar 70% atau lebih akan menimbulkan gangguan suplai dan kebutuhan oksigen miokard. Derajat stenosis dapat dinilai dengan sistem skoring angiografi yaitu skor gensini. Inflamasi berperan penting dalam aterosklerosis. High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein merupakan marker inflamasi yang dapat berperan sebagai faktor resiko sekaligus prediktor suatu penyakit jantung koroner dan dapat berperan langsung proses aterosklerosis tersebut. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui hubungan antara hs-CRP dengan tingkat keparahan lesi angiografi yang diukur berdasarkan gensini scoring pada penderita stable angina di RSAL DR Ramelan Surabaya.
Metode Penelitian : Penelitian studi deskriptif analitik. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode cross sectional dan metode sampling yang digunakan adalah purpossive sampling. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 16 data rekam medis dan sample darah pasien PJK yang menjalani angiografi dan diukur menggunakan skor gensini di Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya. Data penelitian kemudian diolah secara deskriptif.
Hasil Penelitian : : Diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.001 < α (0.05), dan nilai korelasi sebesar 0.726 yang menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kadar hs-CRP dengan derajat keprahan lesi angiografi berdasarkan skor gensini pada pasien penyakit jantung koroner stabil di Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya.
Kata Kunci : Penyakit Jantung Koroner, hs-CRP, skor gensini
TÜRKİYE’DE EĞİTİM HARCAMALARI GELİR DAĞILIMI VE ENFLASYON İLİŞKİSİ: EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ
Authors: BEYAZ SİPAHİ Banu
Published: June 2021

Beşeri sermayenin etkin, verimli ve dinamik olmasında eğitim düzeyi önemlidir. Özellikle bireylerin gelecekte elde edecekleri gelirlerinde artış sağlamasının yanı sıra gelir dağılımında eşitsizliğin etkin ve kalıcı bir şekilde çözülmesinde kullanılan politika araçlarından biridir. Gelir dağılımında eşitsizliğe neden olan temel faktörlerden biride enflasyondur. Enflasyonun düzeyi, dönem aralığı ve hızı gelir eşitsizliğini farklı yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 1999-2019 dönemine ait yıllık gelir dağılımı ile toplam eğitim harcaması ve enflasyon arasında kısa ve uzun dönem ilişkiyi bulmak amaçlanmıştır. İlk olarak birim kök testleri ile serilerin durağanlığı kontrol edilmiş ve değişkenler arasında eş-bütünleşme ilişkisini test etmek için Johansen eş-bütünleşme testi uygulanmıştır. Uzun dönemde karşılaşılan sorunlar ise Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli (VECM) ile düzeltilmiştir. VECM ile belirleyiciler arasında oluşabilecek bir etki yaklaşık 3 yıl sonra düzeltilerek uzun dönemde dengeye gelmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular; kısa dönemde eğitim harcaması ve enflasyonun gelir dağılımının nedeni olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca uzun dönemde gelir dağılımı üzerinde eğitim harcaması ve enflasyonun pozitif bir ilişkinin varlığını ortaya koymuştur.
From Native To Continental: Religious Landscape In Early Medieval Japan
Authors: ATİK Kubilay
Published: June 2021

Japan is perceived to be a “unique” country not only by the general public but also by academics. Therefore, for a long time the idea that every aspect of Japanese history was unique setting it apart from its continental neighbors prevailed. History of religion and intellectual currents in Japan are no exception to this point of view. While Shinto is considered to be native to Japan, Buddhism, Confucianism and other intellectual and religious currents entered Japan via Korea and Japan, and they influenced shinto as much as they influenced the intellectual history of Japan. In this respect, while Japan retains some of the characteristics unique to it just as any country has its unique characteristics, Japan was closely linked to its continental neighbors intellectually and religiously despite its geographic isolation as an island. In this regard, putting the early medieval Japanese intellectual history within a geographically broader East Asian perspective in connection with Korea and China is essential to better comprehend both the similar and unique developments of Japanese intellectual history vis-à-vis its continental neighbors.
The Use Of Shinto For The Legitimization Of Japanese Agression In East Asia
Authors: KADIĞLU Ahmet Murat
Published: June 2021

During the Japanese invasion in China, the spiritual pillar of the modern Japanese imperial system, the Shinto, reflected ideas of military aggression, and shrines were established in a wide range of areas in China, especially militarily and economically important areas. As an extension of the Japanese state, the shrines were dedicated to goddess Amaterasu and Emperor Meiji and other imperial family members. These shrines were not only built for the soldiers who were posted in these areas, but also for the Japanese migrants and later on for the local population. Especially in Taiwan and Manchuria, the local population also seems to have participated in the rituals. The reasons for this phenomenon as well as the reasons for the Japanese government to use Shinto for its political aims in China are discussed in this paper with references to primary sources. Newspaper articles and archival materials from Japan are used for coming to the conclusions, and these materials were read critically to eliminate the nationalist biases on such documents of the period. Since Shinto is often treated as a religion peculiar to Japan, its presence during the war years outside of Japan and its worshippers within the local populations of the occupied areas are rarely examined. Therefore this paper aims to shed light on the Shinto shrines and their aims as well as communities. Since this issue as well as shrines such as Yasakuni and their branches still controversial in China and Japan, the political side and the ideological details are omitted while focusing on the history of the shrines within Mainland China and Taiwan.
EFFIZIENZANALYSE FÜR LAPTOPS MIT DER INTEGRIERTEN ENTROPIE-EATWIOS-METHODE
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Mehmet Hakan
Published: June 2021

Computer sind in der heutigen Welt, in der die Digitalisierung an Bedeutung gewinnt, zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil des Lebens geworden. Insbesondere in jüngster Zeit haben die Pandemiebedingungen die Menschen gezwungen, von zu Hause aus zu arbeiten, und die meisten Menschen müssen ihre Arbeit auf Computern ausführen. Es gibt jedoch eine Vielzahl von Computern auf dem Markt. In dieser Studie wurde die Effizienz von neun Laptop-Modellen, die als die besten Laptops fürs Arbeiten von zu Hause auf einer Website identifiziert wurden, mit der integrierten Entropie-EATWIOS-Methode (Efficiency Analysis Technique with Input and Output Satisficing) gemessen, um Menschen, die einen Laptop kaufen möchten, bei ihrer Wahl zu helfen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden der Preis und das Gewicht als Inputs und RAM, die Speicherkapazität, die getestete Akkulaufzeit und die Bildschirmgröße als Outputs verwendet. Zunächst wurden die in EATWIOS zu verwendenden Input- und Outputgewichte unter Anwendung der EntropieMethode berechnet. Dann wurden drei Fälle betrachtet. Im ersten Fall wurde für die Inputs und die Outputs keine Satisfizierungsgrenze festgelegt. Im zweiten Fall wurde eine Satisfizierungsgrenze für den Output „getestete Akkulaufzeit“ festgelegt. Im dritten Fall wurde eine Satisfizierungsgrenze für den Input „Preis“ festgelegt. Das Effizienzranking von Laptops wurde für alle drei Fälle ermittelt und schließlich wurden die Rankings verglichen und interpretiert.
SİPARİŞ MALİYETİ YÖNTEMİ VE KAYSERİ MİMAR SİNAN ORGANİZE SANAYİ BÖLGESİ’NDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: TERZİ Ahmet
Published: June 2021

Teknolojinin gelişimi ile birlikte emek yoğun üretimden teknoloji yoğun üretime hızlı bir geçiş yaşanmıştır. Üretim biçiminde yaşanan değişiklikler, üretim maliyetlerinin de farklılaşmasına neden olmuştur. Emek yoğun üretim döneminde işçilik maliyetleri toplam maliyetlerin büyük bir kısmına karşılık gelirken endirekt maliyetler nispeten daha küçük bir orana sahipti. Günümüz üretim ortamında ise endirekt maliyetlerin toplam üretim maliyetleri içindeki payı önemli bir orana sahiptir. Bu yeni duruma uygun maliyetleme yöntemleri akademinin ciddiyetle ele aldığı temel konulardan biridir. Modern maliyetleme teknikleri günümüz ihtiyaçlarına, yöntemlerin karmaşıklığı, maliyetli oluşu, uygulayıcıların yaşadığı zorluklar gibi nedenlerden dolayı cevap vermekte zorlanmaktadır. Birçok işletme bu zorluklar sebebiyle yeniden geleneksel yöntemleri uygulamaya başlamıştır. Bu yöntemlerin başında da Sipariş Maliyeti Yöntemi gelmektedir.

Bu çalışma, sipariş üzerine çalışan bir mobilya işletmesinde Sipariş Maliyeti Yönteminin uygulanmasını ve siparişlere ilişkin gerçeğe en yakın maliyet bilgisinin elde edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın diğer amacı ise yöntemin uygulanması ile ilgili literatüre katkı sunmaktır. Örnek işletmede belirlenen endirekt maliyetler tespit edilen gider yerlerine en uygun dağıtım ölçüleri yardımı ile yüklemiştir. İkinci aşamada ise yardımcı gider yerlerinde toplanan maliyetler yine dağıtım ölçüleri kullanılarak esas üretim gider yerlerine yüklenmiştir. Bu aşamada Kademeli Dağıtım Yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Son aşamada tüm maliyetler siparişlere yüklenerek her bir siparişin gerçek maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, uygulanabilirlik açısından elverişli olması nedeniyle Sipariş Maliyeti Yöntemi mobilya sektörüne tavsiye edilmiştir. İşletmede fire giderleri ile ilgili hiç biri veri tutulmaması ve işletme isminin açıklanamaması, satış fiyatı ile kar bilgilerinin saklı tutulması çalışmanın kısıtlarını oluşturmaktadır.
MEDIATING ROLE OF COMMUNICATION SATISFACTION IN THE EFFECT OF INTERACTIONAL JUSTICE ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE CASE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY
Authors: KÖKSAL Zehra , YEŞİLTAŞ Meryem Derya
Published: June 2021

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of interactional justice perceptions and communication satisfaction levels of employees on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and to determine whether communication satisfaction has a mediating role in the relationship between interactional justice and organizational citizenship behavior. For this purpose, data was collected from the academic and administrative staff of Osmaniye Korkut Ata University through a questionnaire. In the study, frequency analysis, normality test, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, path analysis with structural equation model (SEM) and Sobel test were used. As a result of the analyzes, it has been determined that interactional justice affects communication satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. It was found that communication satisfaction also affects organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, it has been revealed that communication satisfaction has a mediating role in the effect of interactional justice on organizational citizenship behavior.
Utilization of Agro-based Adsorbents in Binary Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Abhiram Siva Prasad Pamula  , Yung-Tse Hung  , Howard Hao-Che Paul
Published: June 2021

The application of agro-based adsorbents is growing in the tertiary stage of the wastewater treatment process during the presence of hazardous pollutants. Dye and coffee industries are among the major wastewater pollutant sources negatively affect aquatic ecosystems and human health. The current study attempts to treat a binary mixture of crystal violet (CV) and coffee wastewater using agro-based adsorbents such as peanut hull and onion peel. The performance and efficacy of low-cost adsorbents were evaluated using parameters, including transmittance and non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC). Batch adsorption studies were conducted to optimize both the adsorbent size and dosage that affect the treatment process. The experimental data obtained from the experiment were analyzed to understand whether Langmuir or Freundlich best fits the treatment process's experimental data. It was observed that Langmuir isotherm seems to fit experimental data using peanut hull and Freundlich isotherm using onion peel. The kinetics of the adsorption process appears to follow the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The regression coefficient value of onion peel was 0.91, and uptake was 58.14 mg/g. Similarly, using the peanut hull, the regression coefficient was 0.99, and uptake was 57.47 mg/g. It seems that peanut hull appears to perform better as a low-cost adsorbent compared to onion peel. The adsorption capacity increased with the increasing dosage of low-cost adsorbent (peanut hull) until the adsorbent size of 0.6-0.425 mm and steadily decreased after that.
Change of Educational Paradigm Due to E-Learning Technologies Implementation in Higher Education
Authors: Shirokolobova Anastasia Georgievna , Larionova Ulia Sergevna
Published: June 2021

The paper analyses changes in educational paradigm due to E-learning technologies introduction into higher technical education. The article considers teachers’ readiness for upcoming changes in educational paradigm. Two educational paradigms are compared: traditional and innovative, formed as a result of E-learning technologies introduction and tended to change roles and functions of higher education participants. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the authors compare two educational paradigms and describe newly established roles and functions of educational process participants. The research findings are as follows: roles and functions of educational process participants under the conditions of higher education modernization are revealed; advantages of the innovative educational model over the traditional one are identified.
Model to Form Professionally Oriented Foreign-Language Communicative Competence of Students in the Field of Training “Foreign Regional Studies”
Authors: Mushenko Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Mikaeljan Lusine Artakovna
Published: June 2021

The research objective includes developing a model to form professionally oriented foreign-language communicative competence of future bachelors in the field of training “Foreign Regional Studies”. The article analyses requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education 3++ for professional competence of students - future specialists in the field of foreign regional studies. Within the framework of the social demand approach, the authors examine requirements of the labour market for a specialist in the field of foreign regional studies. The researchers reveal the structure of professionally oriented foreign-language communicative competence taking into account specificity of training in the field of foreign regional studies; propose a flexible system to assess the level of professionally oriented foreign-language communicative competence, which constitutes scientific originality of the paper. The research findings are as follows: the authors develop a model to form professionally oriented foreign-language communicative competence of students in the field of training “Foreign Regional Studies”, describe the model structure taking into account specificity of training in the field of foreign regional studies.
(De-)legitimating Differentiated (dis)integration in the European Union: Between Technocratic and Populist Narratives
Authors: Cianciara Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

Differentiated integration and disintegration are considered key processes of the European project’s dynamics. Opt-outs and disintegration pressures are typically associated with laggards or proponents of ‘less Europe’ who do not wish to integrate further, but prefer to maintain status quo or take a step back. However, differentiation also serves the needs of champions of ‘more Europe’ who wish to move forward despite lack of unanimous support to do so. Both types of claims are constantly justified and contested as they constitute a deviation from a more traditional and uniform way of ‘doing integration’ in Europe. This article aims to deal with the differentiation/legitimation nexus in the EU and shed light on the politics of differentiation, while empirically examining legitimating and de-legitimating practices of differentiation as revealed in technocratic and populist narratives produced by major political actors in France, Poland and the United Kingdom. The article highlights flexible and complementary usages of both populist and technocratic narratives that allow to (de-)legitimate differentiation in line with domestic political agendas.
Euroscepticism between Populism and Technocracy: The Case of Italian Lega and Movimento 5 Stelle
Authors: Zappettini Franco , Maccaferri Marzia
Published: June 2021

This paper analyses the digital communication of Italian parties Lega and Movimento 5 Stelle during their campaigns for the European Parliament elections (January-May 2019). We focus on the Italian case as it is representative of a generalised shift in European public discourse towards an overt delegitimation of the European project and its re-imagination. In the Italian case, Lega and Movimento 5 Stelle, which were in a Government coalition for fourteen months, have been instrumental in Italy’s shift from a strong Europhile country to one of the most Eurosceptic. However, while Lega has definitely aligned itself with a strong right-wing populist agenda, Movimento 5 Stelle has promoted a populist technocratic vision of democracy. Our analysis shows that the articulation of Eurosceptic discourses from both parties by and large reflects the two stances above with Lega’s messages (primarily produced by its leader Matteo Salvini) characterised by a ‘hyperled’ style of communication and stronger nativist elements (for example the appeal to an ethno-centric and ‘sovereign’ idea of Italy) than those of Movimento 5 Stelle, which instead relied on a ‘horizontal’ communicative style. However, our data also shows that the delegitimation of Europe in both parties occur along a similar domestication of European affairs into the national political agenda and the call for a reformed Europe along nationalistic logics which both parties claimed to champion.
Dynamical Outcome Modeling of Fragmented Intensive Longitudinal Data
Authors: Lagoa Constantino M. , Hojjatinia Sahar , Conroy David E.
Published: June 2021

The advent of new sensing technologies has enabled the collection of high frequency individual data. Not only can this allow for the identification of personalized behavior models, it also opens up the possibility of developing just-in-time interventions that leverage the information collected to determine when and which micro intervention should be provided. However, there are significant challenges in the analysis of this type of data. First, due to the high rate of data collection, one can no longer assume that the stimulus (independent excitation or micro intervention) only has an instantaneous effect on the outcome, one has to also allow for delayed effects. Moreover, one is also frequently faced with fragmented data; i.e., poor placement of sensors, non-wear of the data collecting device and/or external disturbances can lead to intervals of time where the data collected is not reliable; i.e., missing or corrupted. To deal with these challenges, we leverage concepts from the areas of dynamical systems and signal processing to develop tools that i) can identify models that take into account the delayed stimuli effects and ii) are able to handle fragmented data. In this paper, we provide both the mathematical foundation of the tools proposed and the description of a package that implements them. We also discuss ways to interpret the results obtained.
Backprop-Free Reinforcement Learning with Active Neural Generative Coding
Authors: Ororbia Alexander G. , Mali Ankur Arjun
Published: June 2021

In humans, perceptual awareness facilitates the fast recognition and extraction of information from sensory input. This awareness largely depends on how the human agent interacts with the environment. In this work, we propose \emph{active neural generative coding}, a computational framework for learning action-driven generative models without backpropagation of errors (backprop) in dynamic environments. Specifically, we develop an intelligent agent that operates even with sparse rewards, drawing inspiration from the cognitive theory of planning as inference. We demonstrate on several control problems, in the online learning setting, that our proposed modeling framework performs competitively with deep Q-learning models. The robust performance of our agent offers promising evidence that a backprop-free approach for neural inference and learning can drive goal-directed behavior.
KERAJAAN ALLAH DALAM INJIL SINOPTIK DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI PENGAJARAN GEREJA MENGENAI AKHIR ZAMAN
Authors: IRENE NATASIA
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang Sebelum menjelaskan mengenai Kerajaan Allah/Kerajaan Sorga, hal yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian adalah mengenai hubungan antara Kerajaan tersebut dengan eskatologi. Hubungan tersebut dapat dilihat melalui definisi yang diberikan oleh beberapa ahli berikut ini: Penjelasan Gordon Fee yang dikutip oleh oleh Glen H. Stassen & David P. Gushee dalam buku Etika Kerajaan, Kerajaan Allah adalah “Suatu peristiwa masa depan sekaligus suatu realitas masa kini. Berbicara mengenai topik Kerajaan Allah merupakan sesuatu yang selalu menarik, tetapi sekaligus merupakan sesuatu yang selalu menantang. Menarik untuk membicarakan hal ini, oleh karena orangorang Kristen bergumul dengan tema tersebut dalam kehidupan mereka. Disebut menantang, oleh karena tidak mudah untuk memahami tentang tulisan-tulisan Perjanjian Baru mengenai topik tersebut. Hal ini mengundang banyak perdebatan pendapat mengenai topik Kerajaan Allah. Eldon Ladd berkata bahwa “Tidak ada pengajaran lain dalam Perjanjian Baru yang diperdebatkan dengan begitu bersemangat seperti topik Kerajaan Allah ini.”1 Jadi, dapat dikatakan bahwa topik Kerajaan Allah adalah sesuatu yang senantiasa menarik untuk dikaji dan diselidiki. Jadi bagaimanapun, Kerajaan Allah yang dibicarakan dalam Injil-injil Sinoptik, tidak terlepas kaitannya dengan misi soteriologi Allah untuk menyelamatkan umat-Nya dari perbudakan dosa. Walaupun manusia masih hidup di dunia ini, namun keselamatan dari dosa telah ditawarkan oleh Allah melalui Yesus. Yesus telah menyelesaikan tugasNya untuk masalah dosa, akan tetapi hal itu akan terwujud secara penuh pada kedatangan-Nya yang kedua kali untuk menjemput manusia, yakni mereka yang telah diselamatkan melalui pengorbanan-Nya sendiri
Affective polarization on social media: In-party love among American politicians, greater engagement with out-party hate among ordinary users
Authors: Yu Xudong , Wojcieszak Magdalena , Casas Andreu
Published: June 2021

Americans view their in-party members positively and out-party members negatively. It remains unclear, however, whether in-party love (i.e., positive partisanship) or out-party hate (i.e., negative partisanship) more strongly influences political attitudes and behaviors. Unlike past work, which relies on survey self-reports or experimental designs among ordinary citizens, this pre-registered project examines actual social media expressions of an exhaustive list of American politicians as well as citizens’ engagement with these posts. Relying on 1,195,844 tweets sent by 564 political elites (i.e., members of US House and Senate, Presidential and Vice-Presidential nominees from 2000 to 2020, and members of the Trump Cabinet) and machine learning to reliably classify the tone of the tweets, we show that elite expressions online are driven by positive partisanship: politicians are more likely to post tweets positive toward their in-party than tweets negative toward the out-party. However, more ideologically extreme politicians and those in the opposition (i.e., the Democrats) are more negative toward the out-party than those ideologically moderate and whose party is in power. Furthermore, examining how Twitter users react to these messages, we find that negative partisanship plays a greater role in online engagement among ordinary citizens (i.e., users are more likely to like and share politicians’ tweets negative toward the out-party than tweets positive toward the in-party). This project has important theoretical and democratic implications, and extends the use of trace data and computational methods in political communication.
Multi Marker Augmented Reality Untuk Aplikasi Magic Book
Authors: saleh akuwan
Published: June 2021

Teknologi Augmented reality (AR) pada buku pembelajaran Magic Book berjudul ‘Menulis,Membaca dan Mewarnai untuk anak usia dini’, sehingga dapat menampilkan model animasi 3D pada buku. Proses yang dilakukan meliputi pembacaan simbol marker menggunakan kamera kemudian melakukan tahapan pre Processing yaitu proses segmentasi untuk perbandingan simbol marker dengan simbol yang telah menjadi acuan sebelumnya. Bila simbol marker merupakan citra yang memiliki kemiripan dengan data referensi, Maka hasil pengenalan citra itulah yang nantinya akan digunakan untuk menampilkan model animasi 3D. Model 3D yang ada pada Magic Book berupa huruf-huruf 3D, hewan-hewan dan buah- buahan yang ada pada bagian menulis dan membaca. Selanjutnya pada bagian mewarnai, pengguna dapat berkreasi menggunakan marker dadu untuk mewarnai gambar rumah. Model 3D harus dibuat terlebih dahulu dengan perangkat lunak desain 3DS Max kemudian diubah formatnya menjadi format VRML yang didukung oleh aplikasi ini. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan 3 webcam, 5 marker dan 9 model 3D. Parameter yang akan dianalisa yaitu jarak kamera terhadap marker, kemiringan marker terhadap kamera, ukuran marker dan intensitas cahaya. Berdasarkan pengujian menggunakan 3 kamera yang berbeda, aplikasi ini dapat berjalan dengan baik. Kamera A4Tech dengan resolusi 640×480 memiliki range terbesar yaitu 18- 329 (cm), sedangkan kamera Logitech memiliki range penerangan yang paling baik yaitu sebesar 20-230 (lux).
Assessing mindfulness-based training for neuropsychological outcomes in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Doshi Kinjal , Henderson Stacey Lee , Fan Qianqian , Wong Kian Foong , Lim Julian
Published: June 2021

Background: Current pharmacological and behavioural treatment options for mild cognitive impairment and dementia are limited, motivating a search for alternative therapies that might slow the progression of cognitive decline in these disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a cognition-focused mindfulness-based intervention in achieving this aim.Design: Open-label, three-arm randomized controlled trial, Setting: Public tertiary medical centreParticipants: Older persons (ages 45-75; N = 76) diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)Intervention: Mindfulness-based training (MBT), cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT), and treatment as usual (TAU). Participants in the intervention arms received 8 weekly 2-hour sessions delivered in a group setting and were encouraged to engage in home practice.Measurements: Primary outcomes measures of this trial were change in index scores for attention, immediate memory, and delayed memory measured using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Depression was a secondary outcome.Results: Using intent-to-treat analysis, we found that participants receiving MBT showed significant improvements in global cognition (d = 0.26; [95% CI 0.03 - 0.56]) and delayed memory (d = 0.36; [95% CI 0.17 - 0.57]), with significantly greater improvements in delayed memory than CRT (ηp2 = 0.10). However, there was no benefit of MBT over TAU. No change in depression was observed in the MBT group. Reductions in depression were associated with improvements in cognitive functioning in the MBT group only.Conclusion: Our results suggest that a cognition-focused MBT did not improve cognitive functioning in MCI patients substantially more than spontaneous reversion rates, possibly as mood symptoms were not significantly alleviated in this group.
Would the Real Loneliness Please Stand Up? The Validity of Loneliness Measures and the Reliability of Single Items
Authors: Mund Marcus , Maes Marlies , Drewke Pia Maria , Gutzeit Antonia , Jaki Isabel , Qualter Pamela
Published: June 2021

Several measures that assess loneliness have been developed for adults. Across three studies, we investigated psychometric features of different versions of the Rasch-Type Loneliness Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and three single-item measures. In Study 1 (N = 697 self-ratings, N = 282 informant-ratings of 163 targets) and Study 2 (N = 1,216 individuals from 608 couples), we investigated the convergent validity and self-informant agreement of the included measures. Furthermore, we compared the nomological nets of these measures using correlates related to demographic aspects, personality, satisfaction, and network characteristics. In Study 3 (N = 411), we estimated a reliability of $r_{xx} > .70$ for three single-item measures of loneliness in a short-term prospective study. Overall, all measures and their nomological nets were highly correlated within and across studies, indicating that the included measures are all reliable and valid. Recommendations for choosing a loneliness measure are discussed.
Generalization of auditory expertise in audio engineers and instrumental musicians
Authors: Caprini Francesco , Zhao Sijia , Chait Maria , Agus Trevor , Pomper Ulrich , Tierney Adam , Dick Frederic
Published: June 2021

From auditory perception to general cognition, the ability to play a musical instrument has been associated with skills both related and unrelated to music. However, it is unclear if these effects are bound to the specific characteristics of musical instrument training, as little attention has been paid to other populations whose auditory expertise could match or surpass that of musicians in specific auditory tasks or more naturalistic acoustic scenarios. We explored this possibility by comparing conservatory-trained instrumentalists to students of audio engineering (along with naive controls) on measures of auditory discrimination, auditory scene analysis, and speech in noise perception. We found that both musicians and audio engineers had generally lower psychophysical thresholds than controls, with pitch perception showing the largest effect size. Musicians performed best in a sustained selective attention task with two competing streams of tones, while audio engineers could better memorise and recall auditory scenes composed of non-musical sounds, when compared to controls. Additionally, in a diotic speech-in-babble task, musicians showed lower signal-to-noise-ratio thresholds than both controls and engineers. We also observed differences in personality that might account for group-based self-selection biases. Overall, we showed that investigating a wider range of forms of auditory expertise can help us corroborate (or challenge) the specificity of the advantages previously associated with musical instrument training.
Parent–Child Conflict During Homeschooling in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A key Role for Mothers’ Self-Efficacy in Teaching
Authors: de Jong Peter F. , Schreurs Bieke G. M. , Zee Marjolein
Published: June 2021

To contain the COVID-19 pandemic schools have been closed in many countries. Children stayed at home and were assisted by their parents with their schoolwork. Evidently, homeschooling puts extra demands on parents. We presumed that parents’ sense of self-efficacy in teaching would play a key role in how they cope with this extra task of homeschooling. In particular, we hypothesized that parental characteristics (social-economic status (SES) and Stress) and social-contextual factors (home chaos; school support) would contribute to parents’ teaching self-efficacy and that, in turn, a lower efficacy would result in more parent-child conflicts during home schooling. Participants were 173 mothers of children in kindergarten or early elementary schools, who provided information for one of their children about interpersonal conflicts around schoolwork before and during school closure. Additionally, they reported on their self-efficacy in teaching, perceived stress during lockdown, home chaos, and school support. Path analyses indicated that mothers’ perceived stress and household chaos were associated with a lower sense of self-efficacy in teaching, whereas school support, but not family SES, was related to a higher level of teaching self-efficacy. Higher levels of self-efficacy beliefs, in turn, were associated with a lower degree of parent–child conflict during schoolwork, even after controlling for prior levels of conflict. We discuss how the results of this study might be used to foster parents’ self-efficacy in teaching and thereby decrease the amount of parent-child conflict during parents’ support with schoolwork.
Us vs. Them: A Dataset of Populist Attitudes, News Bias and Emotions
Authors: Cabot Pere-Lluis Huguet , Abadi David , Fischer Agneta , Shutova Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

Computational modelling of political discourse tasks has become an increasingly important area of research in natural language processing. Populist rhetoric has risen across the political sphere in recent years; however, computational approaches to it have been scarce due to its complex nature. In this paper, we present the new Us vs. Them dataset, consisting of 6861 Reddit comments annotated for populist attitudes and the first large-scale computational models of this phenomenon. We investigate the relationship between populist mindsets and social groups, as well as a range of emotions typically associated with these. We set a baseline for two tasks related to populist attitudes and present a set of multi-task learning models that leverage and demonstrate the importance of emotion and group identification as auxiliary tasks.
Children can use others’ emotional expressions to infer their knowledge and predict their behaviors in classic false belief tasks
Authors: Wu Yang , Schulz Laura
Published: June 2021

In this study, we investigate whether emotional expressions provide cues to knowledge sufficient for predicting others’ behavior based on their true and false beliefs. We adapted the classic Sally-Anne task (Baron-Cohen, Leslie, & Frith, 1985) such that children (N = 62, mean: 5.58 years, range: 4.05-6.98 years) were not told whether Sally saw Anne move the object or not. However, when Sally came back looking angry, even four-year-olds inferred that she had seen Anne move her toy; when she came back looking happy, children inferred that she had not seen the transfer. Based on these inferences, five and six-year-olds, although not four-year-olds, were able to predict where Sally would look for her toy.
Radioterapia y 5-fluorouracilo-cisplatino en el tratamiento del cáncer de cuello uterino de alto riesgo
Authors: Reyna Villasmil Eduardo , Mejia-Montilla Jorly , Reyna-Villasmil Nadia , Torres-Cepeda Duly , Fernández-Ramírez Andreina
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la combinación de radioterapia y 5-fluorouracilo-cisplatino en el tratamiento del cáncer de cuello uterino de alto riesgo. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo en el que se revisaron los datos de pacientes tratadas en el periodo enero 2009 a diciembre 2019 en el Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”, Maracaibo, Venezuela. Se revisaron los registros clínicos de todas las pacientes sometidas a histerectomía radical y linfadenectomía pélvica bilateral que recibieron quimio-radioterapia concurrente adyuvante con 5-fluorouracilo-cisplatino (grupo de tratamiento) y se compararon con quienes no fueron manejadas con este régimen, las que no recibieron ningún tratamiento adyuvante o solo fueron tratadas con radioterapia (grupo control). Se evaluaron las características generales, efectos adversos del tratamiento, recurrencias de la enfermedad y supervivencia. Resultados: para el análisis final quedaron 164 pacientes, de las cuales 115 (70,1%) fueron del grupo de tratamiento y 49 (29,9%) del control. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las características clínicas entre ambos grupos (p = ns); sí las hubo en la frecuencia de recurrencias a distancia (p = 0,0056). La supervivencia libre de progresión y la global de ambos grupos no mostraron diferencias significativas (p = 0,2678 y p = 0,3452). Conclusión: no existen beneficios evidentes del uso de 5-fluorouracilo-cisplatino desde el punto de vista de progresión o supervivencia general, en pacientes con carcinoma cuello uterino de alto riesgo.
Inspekcja magnetooptyczna jako forma przeciwdziałania i zwalczania przestępczości motoryzacyjnej w kontekście ustawy ‒ Prawo o ruchu drogowym
Authors: Bokszczanin Aleksander
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the legitimacy of the development and implementation of legal regulations in the area of preventing and combating the vehicle crime. It discusses the introduction of a general obligation to perform non-destructive screening of vehicles’ origin, and authenticity of identification data, original serial numbers, and the key components, with the use magnetooptical inspection method in the procedures of obligatory technical inspections performed at vehicle inspection stations.
Uwagi o prawnym znaczeniu konstytucyjnego zakazu nadmiernego zadłużania państwa
Authors: Piotrowski Ryszard
Published: June 2021

According to Article 216.5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland it shall be permissible neither to contract loans nor provide guarantees and financial sureties which would engender a national public debt exceeding three-fifths of the value of the annual gross domestic product. The method of calculating the value of the annual gross domestic product and national public debt shall be specified by statute. However, this provision co-establishing the principle of balance budget as constitutional value is not an absolute paradigm. It is limited by other constitutional values and principles, including the principle of common good, and should not be abused against the principle of diligence and efficiency in the work of state bodies.
Stosowanie algorytmów cenowych jako wyzwanie dla współczesnego prawa antymonopolowego
Authors: Wiaderek Filip
Published: June 2021

In the following paper, the author elaborates on the challenges that today’s competition law has to face with regard to the more and more common use of algorithmic technics by the entrepreneurs, particularly in the field of pricing process. After providing a brief definition of the most fundamental terms, a structural analysis is performed of anticompetitive practices that are facilitated by algorithms. Instances investigated by the author have been assigned into three groups, distinguished according to relations between the entities taking part in a particular practice. The described models are of various complexity and pose different threats to the state of competition. The author made an attempt to draw the line between the cases which fall under the scope of currently enforceable competition law provisions and those to which competition agencies do not apply appropriate tools. In the next part of the paper, the author presents a case study of the so called lex Uber – an Act of the Polish Parliament intended to regulate the passenger transport market in Poland in the light of the rise of modern transportation services, e.g. provided by Uber or Bolt. In the author’s opinion, the enacted provisions may result in inconsistencies with competition law. In the last part of the paper the author suggests possible legal solutions that should safeguard competition on the markets where using algorithmic solutions is still more and more common.
Wybrane zagadnienia prawa europejskiego w zakresie nabywania i gospodarowania gruntami rolnymi
Authors: Czechowski Paweł , Niewiadomski Adam
Published: June 2021

The subject of the analysis are new tendencies in the European soft law pertaining to agricultural land management and agricultural property trade. In 2017, a European Parliament resolution was published on the current state of agricultural land concentration in the EU. This same year, on 18 October, European Commission formulated a statement that responded to this resolution by defining the control limits of property rights for the European Union authorities, based on a line set by the Court of Justice and the guiding principles of the TFEU.