bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sugary (su) Sweet Corn Germplasm with Resistance to the Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus
Authors: Mikel M. A. , D’Arcy Cleora J. , Rhodes A. M. , Carey E. E. , Juvik J. A.
Published: October 2022

Maize dwarf mosaic (MDM) is an economically serious viral disease of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in the United States. Early infection by the virus in sweet com can cause stunted growth, delayed maturity, reduced yield, and poor ear quality (5). To aid in alleviating this problem, the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of 8 lines of sweet com germplasm homozygous for the sugary (su) gene with improved resistance to maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV). These new lines have been designated: ILM6161a, lLM6222a, ILM6222b, ILM6222c, ILM6222d, ILM6222e, ILM6223a, and ILM6223b.
Biotechnology: Implications for Horticulture and Society—Plenary Address1
Authors: Hess Charles E.
Published: October 2022

“Biotechnology” is a word that probably has no equal in meaning so much or so little to so many. However, it does convey an exciting concept in that we have new tools and technologies enabling us to modify living organisms with a precision not formerly possible, and to combine traits from organisms that are unrelated or incompatible.
An Interactive Computerized Method for Rank Analysis
Authors: McLellan M. R. , Way R. D. , Lamb R. C.
Published: October 2022

An interactive computer program, written in Fortran as implemented on a microcomputer, was designed to do rank analysis. The program minimizes the time involvement in the determination of rank analyses and thus facilitates the study of rank responses. Although the system still included manual typing of the raw ranks into the microcomputer, the calculations of rank totals and subsequent rank analysis to determine significant differences among the ranks was performed much faster than an analogous manual handling of the same data.
Water-holding Capacity and Evaporation Control Characteristics of Five Cellulose-fiber Mulches
Authors: Birzins Paul J. , Balatinecz John J.
Published: October 2022

Water-holding capacity, evaporation rate from mulch slurries, and the effect of mulches on soil water loss was determined for peat, coarse paper-fiber, fine paper-fiber, and 2 commercial mulches. Evaporation rate decreased when a mulch exhibited a low water-holding capacity, long fibers, and was applied dry rather than in a slurry. A commercial mulch consisting of straw and hay fibers, cotton, and wastepaper had the lowest water-holding capacity, longest fibers, and the greatest evaporation control.
Inheritance of Size Relationship of Primary and Secondary Berries of Strawberry
Authors: Pelofske P. J. , Lawrence F. J.
Published: October 2022

A wide range in ratio of the size of primary vs. secondary (P/S) berries was found in 17 cultivars and selections of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Populations from 6 crosses of parents with low, intermediate, and high P/S indicated quantitative inheritance for P/S ratios. Some seedlings exceeded the upper and lower bounds of the range of either parent.
Rating Scales to Assess Cold Injury and Bacterial Canker Development in Peach Trees in the Field
Authors: Yadava U. L. , Doud S. L. , Weaver D. J.
Published: October 2022

Visual rating scales were developed for evaluating tissue injury in peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] in the orchard due to cold/winter temperatures and bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae van Hall) development. The numerical ratings on a scale of 1 to 9 separately describe key stages of damage and its severity due to cold and bacterial canker and are portrayed pictorially for clarity. Accurate estimation of tree status at very early stages of injury and good correlation with ultimate tree survival have been possible through the use of these rating scales. This information has been incoporated in the data collection for a regional research project dealing with the development and evaluation of rootstocks for peach in the southern United States and also is under consideration for use in another regional project involving peach in addition to apple, pear, and cherry.
Mineral Composition of ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit Peel during Maturation
Authors: Nagy Steven , Dezman David , Rouseff Russell
Published: October 2022

Potassium, Ca, Mg, Na, and Zn were determined in ‘Marsh’ grapefruit peel during 2 growing seasons from September through May. Peel mineral concentrations, measured as mg·g-1 fresh peel weight, were: K (2.79-3.52), Ca (0.55-0.96), Mg (0.18-0.28), Na (0.003-0.034), and Zn (0.001-0.002). Freezing temperatures resulted in higher peel concentrations for K but lower concentrations for Ca and Mg.
Endogenous Plant Growth Substances in Developing Fruit of Prunus cerasus XIII. Relationship between Conjugated and Free Abscisic Acid in Pericarp
Authors: Rudnicki Ryszard , Bukovac Martin J.
Published: October 2022

The presence of abscisic acid (ABA) in both conjugated and free forms was established by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography and by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentration of the free acid was greater than that of conjugated ABA early in fruit development (Stages I and II); however, the conjugated form was more prevalent than the free acid during Stage III. The highest concentration of both the free acid and the conjugated ABA was found during periods of most active fruit enlargement and low concentrations during the retarded phase of pericarp growth. The conjugated form represented a significant and, during Stage III, the major portion of the total ABA present.
Sensitivity of Grape Cultivars to Ambient Ozone
Authors: Musselman R. C. , Melious R. E.
Published: October 2022

Fifty-nine American, 40 Frency hybrid, and 6 Vitis vinifera L. grape cultivars growing in vineyards at Geneva, N.Y., were rated 4 consecutive years at mid-September for oxidant stipple injury from ambient ozone. There were significant differences in injury among the American and French hybrid cultivars. Cluster analysis separated the American cultivars into 3 sensitivity groups and the french hybrids into 2 sensitivity groups. American cultivars had the highest variability among cultivars in sensitivity, with Ives and Couderc 3309 having the highest sensitivity. High sensitivity to ozone as evidenced by oxidant stipple injury appears to originate within the American Vitis species. None of the cultivars examined was resistant to ambient ozone.
Self-compatibility in ‘Truoito’ Almond and the Effect of Temperature on Selfed and Crossed Pollen Tube Growth
Authors: Vasilakakis Miltiadis D. , Porlingis I. C.
Published: October 2022

The level of fruit set of ‘Truoito’ almond from hand self-pollination was high (47.7% and 56.8% in 1982 and 1983, respectively) and similar to the fruit set from hand cross-pollination. Fruit set in bagged branches excluding pollinators (honey bees and wind) was high and similar to that from open pollination (38.0% and 40.0%, respectively). Effective self-pollination occurred without pollinators because the stigmatic surface was adjacent to the anthers, in contrast to other cultivars examined in which the stigma was above the anthers. Pollen tube growth in self-pollinated styles was faster than in those cross-pollinated at 10° and 15°C, but similar at 20° and 25° and slower at 30°. Inhibition of pollen tube growth occurred at 30° in 45% of the selfpollinated styles. Optimum temperatures for ‘Truoito’ pollen tube growth in either selfed or crossed styles were between 20° to 25°, and 54 hr elapsed before tubes reached the base of the style after pollination. Pollen tube growth under field conditions was similar in both selfed and crossed styles.
Land, Labor, and Production Efficiency of Vegetables in Variable-sized Garden Areas
Authors: Stevens Mikel R. , Williams C. Frank , Walser Ronald H. , Davis Tim D. , Jolley Von D. , Nelson Sheldon D.
Published: October 2022

A 2-year study involving 15 garden vegetables and 5 different-sized gardens was conducted to assess land, labor, and production efficiency. As garden size increased, total production increased, but yield per unit area decreased. Relative labor inputs varied with garden size, but were greatest for harvesting (38%) followed by planting (23%), miscellaneous (22%), and weeding (17%). The highest production in relationship to labor and land use was obtained with beets, carrots, cucumbers, onions, tomatoes, and summer squash. The poorest yielding crops were pole and bush beans, sweet corn, peas, peppers, and radishes. Total vegetable yield for the 2-year study averaged 6.2 kg/m2.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Fresh and Aged Spent Mushroom Compost
Authors: Lohr Virginia I. , Hsiao-lei Wang Sherry , Wolt Jeffrey D.
Published: October 2022

Selected physical and chemical properties of fresh spent mushroom compost were evaluated and compared to the properties of spent mushroom compost which was aged aerobically for 6 weeks. Bulk density, total pore space, total water at saturation, and percentage air space in fresh and aged spent composts were acceptable for plant growth. Both contained very high levels of soluble salts which were readily leachable. Concentrations of metals were acceptable, but concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg could lead to plant nutrient imbalances. Concentrations of NH4-N in fresh spent mushroom compost were high.
Delayed Harvest Reduces Yield of Dry Red Chile in Southern New Mexico
Authors: Cotter Donald J. , Dickerson George W.
Published: October 2022

Mature red chile fruit [Capsicum annuum (L.)] were harvested over 3 years at 2 locations in southern New Mexico to determine the effects of harvest date on yield and color. Yields peaked in late October or early November and then declined linearly through December or January. Declines were correlated highly with fewer marketable pods harvested due to detachment or discoloration. The detachment of mature red pods over the test period was affected differentially by cultivar. Color (in ASTA units) varied from good commercial levels to substandard ones between years, but the color of late-harvested pods was normally equal to or better than that from earlier-harvested fruit.
Susceptibility of Easter Lily to Glyphosate Injury
Authors: Weller Stephen C. , Hammer P. Allen
Published: October 2022

Although foliar applied glyphosate to Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) caused little damage at concentrations up to 540 x 10-4m (2.2 kg/ha), direct exposure of roots to glyphosate at concentrations as low as 2.7 x 10-4m (0.1 kg/ha) resulted in death. Glyphosate application after simulated flooding of the greenhouse floor indicated that plant injury would not occur if glyphosate is applied as recommended.
Respiration and Weight Changes of Easter Lily Flowers during Development
Authors: Yin-Tung Wang , Breen Patrick J.
Published: October 2022

To simulate the developmental sequence of the Easter lily flower (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’), flower buds from 4.5 cm to 16 cm (anthesis) were cut from field-grown plants on a single date. Fresh weight increased with bud length and was highest at anthesis, whereas dry matter reached a maximum of 1.6 g when buds were 14 cm long. The percentage of dry matter declined from 16% in the smallest bud to only 9% at anthesis. Respiration rates, both per bud and per unit dry weight, increased with bud size, reaching peak values of 3.0 mg CO2 · bud-1 · hr-1 and 1.8 mg CO2 · g-1 dry wt · hr -1 at anthesis before declining to a markedly lower rate. From these data, the total dry matter needs of flowers on field-grown plants were estimated.
Control of Powdery Mildew on Hydrangea and Crapemyrtle with Antitranspirants
Authors: Ziv O. , Hagiladi A.
Published: October 2022

Antitranspirants (‘Vapor Gard’ and ‘Wilt Pruf’) effectively controlled powdery mildew on Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb. and Lagerstroemia indica Nana. A 2% antitranspirant emulsion was sufficient to suppress the pathogen’s development without causing visible phytotoxic effect or plant growth inhibition. The antitranspirants were as effective, and in some cases more effective (‘Vapor Gard’), than the systmic triazole fungicide ‘Tilt’ in controlling the disease. Hydrangea and dwarf Lagerstroemia (crapemyrtle) are grown commercially as flowering pot plants. Disease-free plants are required. Powdery mildew (Erisiphe polygoni DC) often causes severe damage on greenhouse-grown hydrangea. This fungus usually appears 1st on the lower leaf surface, where it produces a white, loose, cottony mycelium. Yellowish or purple-white blotches with mycelium also can be observed on the upper surface of the leaf. When the disease develops under favorable environmental conditions, the symptoms cover not only the entire leaf surface but also the bud clusters and flowers (11). Various fungicides control powdery mildew under greenhouse conditions.
In Vitro Responses of Adventitious Embryos of Two Polyembryonic Eugenia Species
Authors: Litz Richard E.
Published: October 2022

Ovules were excised from immature fruit of 2 naturally polyembryonic, tropical trees, Eugenia jambos and E. malaccensis. Immature, adventitious embryos were removed from the ovules and were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium that contained either 0-10 mg/liter benzylaminopurine (BA) or 0-10 mg/liter 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Depending on the developmental stage of the adventitious embryos, proliferation of axillary buds occurred on media with 2-10 mg/liter BA, whereas germination occurred on lower BA concentrations or in the absence of growth regulators. Root formation only was induced on media containing 3-10 mg/liter 2,4-D. Embryogenic callus was formed from adventitious embryos from 1-2 cm fruitlets on 1-2 mg/liter 2,4-D. The 2 species responded in a similar manner.
‘La Pêcher’ Peach
Authors: Boudreaux J. E. , Johnson C. E. , Hawthorne P. L. , Young W. A. , Cunningham R. L. , Lartigue M. G. , Raiford T. J. , Peterson F. J. , Wilson P. W.
Published: October 2022

‘La Pecher’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released to provide a good quality yellow flesh cultivar with a 400 to 500 hr chilling requirement. ‘La Pecher’ produces a heavy crop of medium to large semifreestone fruit that ripen 39 days before ‘Elberta’ or about 6 June in southern Louisiana.
‘Harrow Beauty’ Peach
Authors: Layne Richard E. C.
Published: October 2022

‘Harrow Beauty’ is a very attractive, medium-sized, firm-fleshed, cold hardy, freestone peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] that ripens between ‘Canadian Harmony’ and ‘Loring’. It was introduced in 1983 for the Ontario fresh market as a possible replacement for ‘Loring’ which is marginally adapted to all but the best peach sites in Ontario. The tree is of medium vigor, cold hardy, productive, and appears to have moderate field tolerance to perennial canker (Leucostoma spp.). The fruit seem resistant to bacterial spot [Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni (Smith) Young et at.], brown rot [Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey], split pits, preharvest drop, and flesh oxidation. The fruit are well suited for the fresh market including local sales and shipping. ‘Harrow Beauty’ is performing well in regional trials in Ontario and is adapted to regions where ‘Redhaven’ is successfully grown.
‘Silvan’ Blackberry
Authors: McGregor G. R. , Kroon K. H.
Published: October 2022

‘Silvan’ is a blackberry cultivar of exceptional quality and yield. In Victoria, the cultivar displays greater tolerance to heavy soils, wind and drought, plus greater productivity, fruit size, and jam processing qualities than other commercial cultivars of trailing blackberries such as ‘Boysen’, ‘Marion’, and ‘Young’.
‘Prairie Lace’ Crapemyrtle
Authors: Whitcomb Carl E. , Gray Charlie , Cavanaugh Billy
Published: October 2022

‘Prairie Lace’ Crapemyrtle, Lagerstroemia indica L., is a compact, upright, semidwarf shrub which may reach 1.2 to 2 m in height. Leaves are smaller and thicker than the species average and are very dark green. Inflorescences are 12 to 25 cm tall and 8 to 12 cm wide. Individual petals are medium pink bordered by pure white. ‘Prairie Lace’ is cold hardy to -20°C, and is very resistant to drought and powdery mildew.
In Defense of the J-14 Hydraulic Press
Authors: Izquierdo Juan A. , Markhart Albert H.
Published: October 2022

I wish to point out a discrepancy in the conclusion on the value of the J-14 hydraulic press by A.H. Markhart, III, and B. Smit-Spinks [HortScience 19(l):52–54, Feb. 1984] that the J-14 readings prevent reliable predictions of the Scholander pressure bomb for leaf water potential measurements.
Two Types of Internal Breakdown in ‘Delicious’ Apples
Authors: Fukuda Hiroyuki
Published: October 2022

In the CSHS Awards—1984 section of Society Affairs [HortScience 19(5):760] a caption appeared with the wrong picture. The correct picture and caption: Also in the CSHS Awards - 1984 section of Society Affairs [HortScience 19(5):760] the correct spelling of one of the Honorary Life Members is Emit T. Anderson.
The Art and Science of Plant Breeding in the Modern World of Research Management
Authors: Ryder Edward J.
Published: October 2022

Although plant breeding is very old, it has, at least during recorded history, seldom been short of new ideas and concepts that have made breeding procedures more and more powerful and effective. It is reasonable to speculate that the first act of plant breeding was the use of seeds from superior plants for the next year’s crop. Development of new technologies in the intervening years, has added to the power and versatility of the plant breeder’s art. Some of these changes have been spectacular, others rather modest.
Rewetting Characteristics of Container Media Composed of Gasifier Residue in Combination with Pine Bark or Peat Moss
Authors: Regulski F. J.
Published: October 2022

Rewetting of gasifier residue (GR) at 0% of container capacity was greater than milled pine bark (B) or Canadian sphagnum peat moss (P). The percentage of container capacity necessary to obtain 80% rewetting of GR was substantially lower than for either P or B (5%, 23%, and 25%, respectively). Neither the rewetting of B, P, or GR at 0% of container capacity, nor the percentage of container capacity necessary to produce 80% rewetting of these media were affected by Aqua-Gro wetting agent (WA). Addition of GR in excess of 75% substantially increased the percentage of rewetting of both B and P.
Relative Isozyme Band Intensities Permit the Identification of the 2n Gamete Parent of Triploid Apple Cultivars
Authors: Chyi Y. S. , Weeden N. F.
Published: October 2022

Two triploid apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars, ‘Spigold’ (‘Red Spy’ x ‘Golden Delicious’) and ‘Jonagold’ (‘Golden Delicious’ x ‘Jonathan’), and their parental cultivars were analyzed for a number of isozyme systems by starch gel electrophoresis. The banding pattern and intensity of one isozyme system, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), provided strong evidence that the parent contributing the 2n gamete in both 3x cultivars was the female.
Salt Tolerance among Muskmelon Genotypes during Seed Emergence and Seedling Growth
Authors: Shannon M. C. , Bohn G. W. , McCreight J. D.
Published: October 2022

Cultivated and wild accessions of Cucumis melo L. were evaluated for salt tolerance to identify germplasm useful in breeding programs. Entries were tested for seed germination and seedling emergence in a -6.0 bar osmotic solution of NaCl + CaCl2 (2:1 molar ratio) under laboratory conditions. Seedling growth was measured in the greenhouse as fresh weight of plants grown in sand cultures irrigated with saline nutrient solutions of -0.3, -1.7, and -3.3 bars osmotic potential. Salinity decreased emergence and growth, but quantitative responses varied with differences in environmental conditions between experiments. A wide range of variation in response to salt stress was found for both emergence and vegetative growth. Several plant introductions had better emergence rates and growth than the cultivar ‘Top Mark’ under saline conditions. Salt tolerance exhibited by these introductions may be useful in breeding programs to improve muskmelon performance under saline conditions.
Influence of Within-canopy Shading on Net Photosynthetic Rate, Stomatal Conductance, and Chlorophyll Content of Kiwifruit Leaves
Authors: Grant J. A. , Ryugo Kay
Published: October 2022

Levels of incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and stomatal conductance (g) were monitored on individual intact kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) leaves at well-exposed and densely shaded canopy positions. Diurnal fluctuations of Pn and g closely paralleled changes in PPFD for exposed leaves. PPFD reaching shaded leaves were extremely low throughout the day; Pn and g were correspondingly low. Pn ranged between 10 and 12 µmol CO2·m-2s-1 when exposed leaves were light-saturated at PPFD between 500 and 700 µmol·m-2s -1. Exposed and shaded leaves had similar chlorophyll concentrations, though the former had significantly higher chlorophyll a:b ratios. Implications relative to leaf canopy design and management are discussed.
Inducing Precocious Germination in Asexual Embryos of Cacao
Authors: Yi-Chang Wang , Janick Jules
Published: October 2022

Renewing liquid medium induced radicle development in up to 60% of asexual embryos of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). In combination with medium renewal, radicle development was promoted further by eliminating casein hydrolysate and by reducing the concentration of Murashige and Skoog salts in liquid medium.
Senescence and Postharvest Handling of Cyclamen Flowers
Authors: Halevy Abraham , Kohl Harry C. , Kofranek Anton M.
Published: October 2022

Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill) flowers terminate their life in 3 ways: corolla abscission, scape bending, or gradual discoloration followed by wilting. Corolla abscission occurs mainly in intact polinated flowers. Scape bending is prevalent in flowers harvested within 3 days after opening. Cyclamen flowers are not sensitive to ethylene and treatment of cut flowers with the anionic silver-thiosulfate complex (STS) had no effect on vase life. STS, however, prevented corolla abscission of intact pollinated flowers. Pulsing flowers with a solution containing sucrose (15%) and AgNO3 (30 ppm) for 20 hr (5 hr at 20° and 15 hr at 4°), prevented scape bending of young flowers and doubled the longevity of the flowers. Flowers harvested at a bud stage (showing color but still in a downward position) opened in less than 3 days to the commercial harvesting stage with a solution of 5% sucrose and 30 ppm AgNO3. Flowers not pulsed could not be stored for more than one week. Prestorage pulsing with 15% sucrose and 30 ppm AgNO3 enabled the storage of flowers for 3 weeks, with keeping quality equal to or better than that of untreated fresh flowers.
Plant Regeneration from Snapdragon Tissue Cultures
Authors: Pfister J. M. , Widholm J. M.
Published: October 2022

Calli and suspension cultures were initiated from young shoot and root tissues and mature stem tissues of Antirrhinum majus L. ‘Rocket Golden, ‘Kimosy White,’ and ‘Potomac Yellow.’ Several one-, 2-, or 3-media sequences could induce plant regeneration successfully from cultures initiated from young ‘Kimosy White’ shoot or root tissues. No plants could be regenerated from cultures initiated from mature stem tissues, however. Plantlets also could be formed in a liquid medium; some of these were malformed until placed on solid medium. Complete plants with roots placed in soil developed into normal appearing fertile plants.
Measuring Freshness of Cut Fraser Fir Christmas Trees
Authors: Hinesley L. Eric
Published: October 2022

Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] Christmas trees were cut on 30 Nov. and air-dried for periods of 2, 5, 9, 13, 19, 22, 27 and 33 days, followed by recutting the butt ends and placing in water. Trees dried 9 days or less quickly rehydrated and reached twig moisture contents considerably higher than initial values. The rate and extent of rehydration declined with further drying; trees dried longer than 27 days continued to dry after being returned to water. Needle loss was not related to duration of drying or the quantity of water taken up after trees were returned to water. Xylem pressure potential was closely related to twig moisture content and seemed to be a rapid method of assessing freshness. The critical twig moisture content of Fraser fir, i.e., the moisture content below which a tree will not rehydrate when placed in water, was about 70% to 75%, which corresponded to pressure potentials of -40 to -45 bars.
A Mechanical Aid for Threshing Globe Artichoke Seed Heads
Authors: De Vos Neal E. , Conley William J.
Published: October 2022

The design and operation are described for a mechanical aid for threshing individual seed heads of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). Seed extraction is accomplished by holding the seed head manually in the path of ribbed, rubber fingers mounted on a revolving drum. The use of the thresher reduces threshing time to less than 10% of that required to extract seeds by hand, and the percentage of recovery of seeds in the head is increased.
Male-sterility in Artichoke
Authors: Principe J. A.
Published: October 2022

Breeding of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), a cross-pollinated species, has been hindered by the lack of any recognized system of self-incompatibility or male-sterility (1). While making controlled pollinations with bagged flower heads during the spring of 1981, 3 male-sterile (MS) plants in the same half-sib family were found. The female parent of these plants, which had been selected from a segregating population derived from seed of unknown origin, produced abundant pollen.
Hypobaric Storage of Celery Transplants
Authors: Jardine Douglas J. , Dilley David R. , Price Hugh C.
Published: October 2022

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) plants initiate seed stalks (bolt) after extended exposure to temperatures of less than 10°C. Hypobaric (low pressure) storage for up to 6 weeks of celery (‘Utah 52-70’) transplants at 0° delayed floral initiation. Plants stored for 2 weeks at 0° at 25 mm Hg or at atmospheric pressure showed no significant differences in bolting or yield compared to nonstored controls after transplanting to the field. Bolting and decreased yields became prevalent as the storage duration was increased to 4 and 6 weeks, particularly in air at atmospheric pressure. Measurement of the internal flower stalk length of marketable celery plants indicated that development was slower for plants which had been stored under hypobaric conditions prior to planting in the field than in those stored at atmospheric pressure.
Effect of Fertilizer Nitrogen and Simazine on Amino Acids and Proteins in Brassicas
Authors: Meredith F. I. , Gaskins M. H.
Published: October 2022

Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino-s-triazine)] sprays (2 or 4 g·liter-1) and supplemental N fertilizer (50 or 100 kg·ha-1) were applied to 3 Brassica species. Both N and simazine treatments increased total N content of leaves, but much of the increased N was not in the protein fraction. Amino acids were not inceased by the N fertilizer in most cases and were reduced by the simazine treatments. The treatments were not useful as a method for improving nutritional quality.
Evaluation of Amaranth as a Potential Greens Crop in the Mid-south
Authors: Makus D. J.
Published: October 2022

Eight accessions of Amaranthus tricolor (amaranth) produced between 10.0 to 18.4 MT/ha of plant biomass. Leaf blades constituted between 40% to 62% and leaf tissue between 53% to 80% of the above ground fresh weight of these accessions. Collectively, leaf blades contained 1.1% NO3-N and 2.3% soluble oxalate (as percentage of leaf blade dry weight) and 11.4 mg/g (dry weight) chlorophyll. Average leaf blade elemental levels were 3.84% K, 3.47% Ca, 0.77% Mg, 0.44% P, 0.46% S, 593 ppm Fe, 562 ppm Al, 458 ppm Na, 282 ppm Mn, 79 ppm Zn, and 65 ppm Cu. Four accessions were judged by a taste panel to be comparable to spinach in organoleptic quality.
Characterization of Strawberry Plants Produced by Tissue Culture and Infected with Specific Mycorrhizal Fungi
Authors: Kiernan Jennifer M. , Hendrix James W. , Stoltz Leonard P. , Maronek Dale M.
Published: October 2022

Tissue-culture-produced nonmycorrhizal strawberry plants (Fragaria x awanassa Duchesne ‘Guardian’) were inoculated with spores of the endogonaceous mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, G. epigaeum, or G. constrictum. The plants were grown for 14 weeks in the greenhouse in a steamed 1 peat: 1 perlite mixture (v:v) containing a slow release fertilizer, 18-6-12 Osmocote (18N-2.6P-10K), 9-month release rate. Inoculated plants were slightly larger than noninoculated control plants. Roots were colonized more by G. mosseae than by G. epigaeum. No evidence of root colonization by G. constrictum was found, but the fungus sporulated.
‘Summerglo’ Peach
Authors: Mehlenbacher S. A. , Hough L. F. , Bailey C. H.
Published: October 2022

‘Summerglo’ is a large, yellow-fleshed freestone peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] for the fresh market. The fruit ripens approximately one week after ‘Redhaven’. It was named and released in 1978 to meet the need for a large peach in this season. ‘Summerglo’ leaves and fruit are susceptible to bacterial spot [Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni (Smith) Young et al.]. Flower bud hardiness is similar to or slightly better than ‘Loring’.
Minnesota 101 Muskmelon Breeding Line
Authors: Davis D. W. , Kalb T. J. , Shehata M. A.
Published: October 2022

Minnesota 101 is a monoecious, short intemode breeding line of muskmelon, Cucumis melo L. Its primary use is envisaged as that of a breeding line useful as a parent in the production of F1 hybrid cultivars, and as germplasm in the long term improvement of muskmelon.
‘Pick-Me-Quick’ Bell Pepper
Authors: Prashar Paul , Enevoldsen Myron
Published: October 2022

‘Pick-Me-Quick’ is an attractive, early, bell-type sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) with dark green immature fruit which ripens to a bright red color. It is adapted to growing conditions of the North Central States and was developed as a unique home gardening pepper. ‘Pick-Me-Quick’ sets fruit early in the season when fluctuating temperatures are not uncommon. Most of the standard varieties of bell or sweet peppers grown in the United States do not fruit heavily until late in the season, and killing frost may arrive before the fruit matures. ‘Pick-Me-Quick’ is a new pepper from South Dakota State Agricultural Experiment Station that can mature before frost.
‘Bellestar’, a Verticillium Wilt Resistant Processing Tomato
Authors: Metcalf John G. , Reyes Andres A. , Mohr Willard P.
Published: October 2022

‘Bellestar’ (ST-50) is a tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) developed for the sandy loam to clay loam soils (pH 6.0 to 7.5) of the cool regions of eastern Ontario. The cultivar satisifies the need for an early hand harvest, processing tomato with a concentrated maturity. It also can be used for the fresh market as a pick-your-own pastetype tomato. Commercial growers in the northeastern United States have received this cultivar quite well and used it in a limited planting in 1983.
‘Rugosa Ottawa’, a Source for Insect and Disease Resistance in Roses
Authors: Svejda Felicitas
Published: October 2022

‘Rugosa Ottawa’ combines high levels of insect and disease resistance, including resistance to the 2-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), blackspot, Diplocarpon rosae Wolf., and mildew, Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr. ex. Fr.) Lév.
‘Dynasty’ Chinese Elm
Authors: Santamour Frank S.
Published: October 2022

The true Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.) frequently has been confused with the Siberian elm (U. pumila L.) in American horticultural literature. This confusion undoubtedly has led to a lack of appreciation of the many excellent qualities of Chinese elm. Only 2 cultivars previously have been selected in the United States (1), both of which are semi-evergreen and grown largely in California. Well-formed trees of Chinese elm are not common. One of our nursery cooperators grew more than 2000 seedlings of this species for 7 years but did not find one to compare with our new cultivar ‘Dynasty’.
Immediate Feedback Makes Exams a Positive Learning Experience
Authors: Whitcomb Carl E.
Published: October 2022

Immediate feedback techniques for students completing an exam are not new, but their use is extremely limited. After many years of using this teaching technique to assist students in learning plant identification, I have found it is equally well received and effective with students in lecture classes.
Effect of Morphactin on the Storage Behaviour of Guava Fruits1
Authors: Gupta V. K. , Mukherjee D.
Published: October 2022

‘Allahabadi Safeda’ guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits given a postharvest treatment of chlorflurenol methyl ester 74050, a morphactin, ranging from 10 to 1000 ppm, prevented cumulative physiological losses in weight, fungal decay, the growth of Gloeosporium psidii and Pestalotia psidii in vitro, chlorophyll breakdown and loss in firmness. The loss of dry weight, ascorbic acid, non-volatile organic acids and sugars was reduced significantly in the treated fruits. Among sugars, rhamnose was identified only in the treated fruits and only in very small quantities. Higher concentrations of morphactin ranging from 200 to 1000 ppm were injurious to the soft skin. One hundred ppm was observed to be the most effective concentration in maintaining the market value of the fruits by retarding various harmful textural, physiological and biochemical changes.
Raphide Structure in Dieffenbachia maculata1
Authors: Sakai William S. , Nagao Mike A.
Published: October 2022

Two types of raphides and 2 types of raphid idioblasts were observed in Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don cv. Rudolph Roehrs. Small raphides, about 25 μm long and 0.4 μm wide, with barbs and grooves were found in idioblast cells similar in shape to adjacent ground parenchyma cells. Larger raphides, about 120 μm long and 4 μm wide, with wide grooves were found in spindle shaped, obtuse ended idioblasts, about 165 μm long and 40 μm in diameter.
Seed Vigor and Respiration of Maize Kernels with Different Endosperm Genotypes1
Authors: Warm E. V.
Published: October 2022

Seed vigor in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) was compared among cultivars with the triple recessive endosperm mutant gene combination amylose-extender (ae), dull (du) and waxy (wx), the shrunken-2 (sh2) gene, their sugary (su) counterparts and an open-pollinated cultivar of normal genotype. Dry weight was significantly lower for F2 kernels of the high-sugar genotypes ae du wx and sh2 than for their su counterparts or the normal cultivar. The endosperm:embryo dry weight ratio was also low in the high-sugar lines due primarily to their small endosperm. Seedling dry weight at 10 days was correlated with endosperm:embryo ratio. Comparisons were made among the cultivars for shoot, radicle, and seminal lateral root growth from intact seeds and from excised embryos on nutrient agar. The normal genotype showed superior seed vigor when evaluated by seedling growth from intact kernels, but not when embryos were grown on agar, suggesting that vigor in normal was due to large endosperms. Respiration rate (μl O2 uptake/kernel·hr) of the germinating seeds did not account for growth differences among the genotypes. Respiration at 24 hr after imbibition was negatively correlated with seedling dry weight at 10 days. Respiration at 48 and 72 hr showed no significant correlations with growth rates. Low seed vigor in high-sugar genotypes apparently was related to their small endosperms. The genotype of the embryo also was important in seedling vigor, but low vigor in high-sugar cultivars could not be attributed wholly to genetic inferiority of the embryo.
Soil Temperature Effects on Greenhouse Roses in Relation to Air Temperature and Nutrition1
Authors: Brown W. W. , Ormrod D. P.
Published: October 2022

Plant growth and cut flower yield of ‘Sonora’ roses (Rosa hybrida L.) were increased by soil heating to 25°C at 16° (day)/11° (night), a suboptimal air temperature, in a pot experiment in which differential temperature treatments were imposed immediately after planting. Soil heating at 20° (day)/16° (night) a near optimum air temperature, initially increased the growth rate and shortened the time to flower but growth and flower quality declined when a fertility level for winter production was used. Weak growth and chlorotic foliage on roses growing in heated soil were corrected by use of a higher level of nutrition. Higher air temperature caused earlier bud break after a major peak in flower production but subsequent shoot development was not greatly affected by air temperature. Soil heating increased the number of bottom breaks.
Predicting Leaf Emergence of ‘Montmorency’ Sour Cherry from Degree-day Accumulations1
Authors: Eisensmith S. P. , Jones A. L. , Flore J. A.
Published: October 2022

A model which predicts terminal and spur leaf emergence of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L. cv. Montmorency) grown near East Lansing, Michigan was developed from biological and temperature observations made in orchards near Egg Harbor, Wisconsin. Leaf number of spur and terminal shoots was more highly correlated with degree-day accumulation at a base of 4°C starting April 19, than with time. Leaf number on individual shoots was linear with respect to degree-day accumulation; however, not all growth on an individual tree was synchronous, and the plot of average leaf number vs. time was slightly curvilinear. Terminal buds set about 350 and 850 degree-days after first leaf emergence for spur and terminal shoots, respectively, regardless of location. Leaf size increased linearly with degree-day accumulation until full leaf expansion. At maturity terminal leaves were about 50% larger in area than spur leaves. Foliage growth was greatest during stage I and early stage II of fruit growth, and may compete with the fruit for assimilates needed for growth.
New Mineral Names
Authors: Celestian Aaron J.
Published: October 2022

In this issue of New Mineral Names, a thematic approach is used to help provide context for advances and discoveries in mineralogy. Changes in nomenclature and the definition of minerals have led to new mineral descriptions. Here we look into minerals, which might not have been classified as such 50 years ago, and their associated new classification schemes that open the door to new mineral descriptions: goldhillite, radvaniceite, zvěstovite-(Zn), oberwolfachite, cesiokenopyrochlore, orishchinite, kahlenbergite, zoisite-(Pb), and dendoraite-(NH4).
Assessing the differences in the levels and dynamics of economic development of Kazakhstani regions
Authors: Kireyeva Anel , Nurlanova Nailya , Nurbatsin Akan , Saparbek Nurgul , Alzhanova Farida
Published: October 2022

This study aims to analyze the level of differences based on effectiveness, statistical dependence, and mutual influence of economic indicators for ranking the regions of Kazakhstan. In the paper, a systematic algorithm of actions is used, ensuring the interconnectedness, the sequence of work, and the validity of the methods used. Several model specifications were formulated to identify interregional differences in economic development indicators: the operating data environment analysis model (DEA) and the random effects regression model (RE). The information database of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010–2020 was used. The construction of the RE model was carried out in the SPSS program. A regression model with fixed and random effects in panel data was employed to determine the impact of the selected indicators on gross regional product produced (GRP). Based on the results, the influence of the physical volume of industrial products on GRP per capita in the regions of Kazakhstan for 11 years was revealed in both models with a high significance of coefficients. The study results can be used by public administration bodies that carry out effective strategic management by smoothing interregional differences. Moreover, they can determine the prospects for studying other parameters based on efficiency, statistical dependence, and mutual influence of economic indicators for ranking regions.
AcknowledgmentThis study has been funded by the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant “Priorities and mechanisms of inclusive regional development of Kazakhstan in the context of overcoming the economic recession” AP09259004).
Imre Sándor alelnöksége az Országos Közoktatási Tanácsban. I.
Authors: Donáth Péter
Published: October 2022

A Neveléstudomány két egymást követő számában megjelenő dokumentatív elbeszélő tanulmányunk az Országos Közoktatási Tanácsnak egy a neveléstudományban, neveléstörténetben alig ismert időszakáról szolgál nagyrészt eddig ismeretlen, vagy feledésbe merült forrásokkal. 1943-ban Imre Sándor a nehéz és kilátástalan körülmények folytán hosszas hezitálás után, a nemzet iránt érzett felelősségérzetből elvállalta a testület alelnöki tisztségét. A tanulmány első része a testület megalakulásának folyamatát, Imre Sándor kétségeit, majd feladatvállalását és művelődéspolitikai hattyúdalává lett programadó beszédét ismerteti az akkor új összetételben felálló OKT teljes üléséről. Ebből megtudhatjuk: miként látta, remélte, szerette volna a háború utolsó két évében menteni, javítani, s a jövőben várható változásokra felkészíteni a magyar közoktatást.
Szociális és érzelmi jóllét biztosítása az iskolában
Authors: Winkler Zsófia , Zsolnai Anikó
Published: October 2022

A mentális egészség kialakulásában a gyermek- és serdülőkor meghatározó időszak, mivel ekkor zajlik a legintenzívebben a kognitív, szociális és érzelmi készségek elsajátítása. A lelki egészség támogatása és a mentális betegségek megelőzése kiemelten fontos ezekben az életszakaszokban. Számos hatékony iskolai program létezik, melyeknek célja a tanulók és a pedagógusok mentális egészségének elősegítése, szociális és érzelmi jóllétének növelése. A jól megvalósított szociális és érzelmi jóllétet támogató iskolai szociális és érzelmi tanulást segítő (SEL) programok hosszútávú pozitív hatással vannak a tanulók testi-lelki egészségére, szociális-emocionális fejlődésére, tanulmányi eredményességére és viselkedésére egyaránt. A kutatási eredményeken alapuló SEL programok iskolai gyakorlatba történő átültetése azonban számos országban még nem, vagy csak elvétve valósult meg. A legtöbb iskolai SEL program az USA-ban működik, ahol óvodáskortól a középiskolás kor végéig nagy az érdeklődés a SEL tantervek iránt. Bár az EU tagállamaiban is egyre több szociális és érzelmi készséget fejlesztő program épül be az iskolák tantervébe, egységes terminológiák, keretrendszerek, értékelési szempontok és gyakorlatok bevezetésére van szükség. A tanulmány célja az amerikai és európai iskolai SEL programok bemutatása néhány példa által, a programok sokféleségének szemléltetésére.
Súlyosan-halmozottan sérült felnőttek zenebefogadása az „embodied music cognition” paradigma fényében
Authors: Tiszai Luca , Szűcs-Ittzés Zsuzsanna , Devosa Iván
Published: October 2022

Ebben az írásban a súlyos-halmozott fogyatékossággal élő személyek zenebefogadásával kapcsolatos kutatássorozat 2013–2022 között zajló folyamatát szeretnénk bemutatni. A súlyos-halmozott fogyatékossággal élő emberek kognitív képességeinek feltárása eddig nem sok figyelmet kapott. Mivel a többszörös fogyatékosság az információszerzés és a tudásszervezés folyamatait erőteljesen befolyásolja, nevelésük és oktatásuk, sőt életminőségük javításának alapvető feltétele ezeknek a sajátos tudásrendszereknek a feltérképezése. Az ipolytölgyesi Szent Erzsébet Otthon lakói körében népszerű Kokas-módszeren alapuló foglalkozások tapasztalatai alapján súlyos-halmozott fogyatékossággal élő, súlyos értelmi fogyatékosként diagnosztizált személyek közül többen szenvedélyes zenehallgatókká váltak. Mivel a zenebefogadás összetett intellektuális tevékenység, kutatásaink fókusza a zenebefogadás folyamata: a zenebefogadó mozdulatok és a kognitív funkciók, valamint a társas képességek felmérése. A kutatás egy hosszabb előkészítő folyamat után videóelemzésekkel folytatódott. Ez a dolgozat összesen négy nagyobb és két pilot kutatás, és ezek elméleti hátterének leírására vállalkozik, mint a konstruktivista tanuláselmélet, a polivagális elmélet, a vitalitási affektusok és a később kifejtésre kerülő embodied music cognition. A kutatások mellett célunk a célcsoportra kidolgozott kutatási módszerek és eszközök (mikroanalízis, Neurosky Mindwave EEG, optical flow módszer) leírása is.
An Important Tool in Lymphedema Management: Validation of the Turkish Version of the Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire
Authors: Abakay Hanife , Abdulrezzak UmmUhan , Akbayrak Turkan
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to research the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the gynecologic cancer lymphedema questionnaire for individuals with gynecologic cancer.
STUDY DESIGN: The study included 60 patients who underwent gynecologic cancer surgery with lower limb lymphedema in the lymphedema group and 30 who underwent gynecologic cancer surgery without lower limb lymphedema in the non-lymphedema group. The Turkish adaptation of the gynecologic cancer lymphedema questionnaire was completed by considering the cultural adaptation process. For the evaluation of lymphedema, circumference measurement, skin layer thickness, and lymphoscintigraphy assessments were performed. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated for gynecologic cancer lymphedema questionnaire test-retest reliability, the Cronbach alpha was calculated for internal consistency reliability and the criteria validity method was used for survey validity.
RESULTS: The symptom subsections and total score of the gynecologic cancer lymphedema questionnaire, the intraclass correlation values for test-retest points were 0.780, 0.968, 0.695, 0.945, 0.896, 0.945, and 0.947. The Cronbach a values for internal consistency were 0.928, 0.824, 0.656, 0.429, 0.923 and 0.948 for the subsections. Criteria validity was used for the validity analysis and statistically significant (p<0.05) positive correlations were determined between skin fold thickness measurements and total points on the scale in the lymphedema group for values at the midpoint of the right and left tibial shaft (r=0.336, r=0.284).
CONCLUSION: The gynecologic cancer lymphedema questionnaire was determined to be a reliable and valid scale to differentiate patients with lower limb lymphedema from those without lower limb lymphedema in a Turkish female population.