bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmission (2Gbps) over optical fiber cable by using radio over fiber and wavelength division multiplexing techniques
Authors: Humam Husseinˡ  , Dogu Cagdas Atilla  , Essa Essa  , Cagatay Aydin
Published: April 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing and continuous demand for great (data rates) beyond existing wired and wireless networks. Radio-over-Fiber technology is considered as an efficient and practical solution for providing broadband wireless. In this paper, many techniques are used to implement a system that has the capability to provide a great bit rate, broadband bandwidth, and minimum cost. So Radio-over-Fiber technology was used to modulate the light with radio-signal and transmission the signals through an optical fiber cable. Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing technique was used to send many signals through the same link, and Subcarrier Multiplexing-Amplitude Shift keying as a modulation format. 2Gpbs separate on two channels was transmitted on Single-Mode Fiber. The average results obtained from our experience was as follows: maximum Q factor average = 4.9712925, minimum BER average = 3.63*10-7, total power average (dBm) = -51.1502, the OSNR average (dB) = 52.085 for channel_1. The results of channel_2 were: maximum Q factor average = 5.5901325, minimum BER average = 1.26*10-8, total power average (dBm) = -46.60135, the average of optical signal-to-noise ratio (dB) = 54.65. All the average result that has from our simulation was very good and acceptable. The simulation and performance test of our experience was done using Optisystem 7.0.
Effect of sex class on the levels of some biochemical variables in thalassemia patients
Authors: Khalaf N. Mohammed  , Mossa M. Marbut
Published: April 2023

The study was conducted at Azadi Teaching Hospital - Thalassemia Center for the period from 1/10/2017 to 1/4/2018. It included 60 patients including 30 males and 30 females, as well as control group which included 20 Healthy people were all 10 to 21 years of age. The following variables were studied: ferritin, GSH, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) Malondialdehyde (MDA) Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Cortisol. The analysis of correlation coefficients and simple linear regression was carried out to determine the effect of the variables among them. The results were as follows: Thalassemia patients recorded the lowest levels of GSH, IGF-1 and cortisol at 2.2 μmol / L and 50.4 ng / ml and 10.11 μg / dL respectively, while the same group recorded the highest levels of ferritin, MDA and IL- 6 was 3083 ng / ml, 941 mmol / L and 368 pg / mol. There were significant effects of both sexes in the group of thalassemia patients in both ferritin, GSH, IGF-1, MDA, and IL-6 with 2573, 3592 μg / dL, 2.821, 1.573 μmol / L, 63.3, 37.47 ng / ml and 1163.1 719.3 mmol / L 300.9 and 435.6 pg / mol for males and females, respectively. The results of the correlation coefficient analysis showed existence of and low correlations in the negative and positive direction between the study variables of the two groups of patients and control. The results of the simple linear regression analysis showed positive and negative regression ratios of IL-6 and IGF-1 growth factor on the rest of the study variables.
The polymorphism of Apelin gene rs2235306 and serum Apelin level in breast cancer women in Samarra- Iraqi population
Authors: Safa Shihab Ahmed  , Mousa J.AL-Humesh  , Akell H.Al-Assie
Published: April 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer leading to death in women and the fifth type of cancer leading to death worldwide, The study was done on 59 women, including 20 non-breast cancer women as a control group, their ages ranged from (30-74years) and 39 women with breast cancer their ages ranged from (29-80years).The results showed  significant increase (p ≤0.05) in the concentration of Apelin in women with BC compared with non-breast cancer women, This finding suggests that Apelin may promoted carcinogenesis. The result of Apelin rs2235306 polymorphism using T-ARMS-PCR technique show no difference in the allele frequencies between BC patients and control group,  the results also show that there is no association of the observed genotypes (TT&TC) with serum Apelin concentration in the studied Population. The result of the study suggest that the serum Apelin level can be independent of Apelin rs2235306 polymorphism which should be confirmed by further studies on larger populations.
The aim: The aim of this study was to determine Apelin level in serum and apln rs2235306 polymorphism in breast cancer (BC) patients in Samarra city-Iraq.
Comparison of Simvastatin and Rosuvastatin in Oxidation and Antioxidant Levels in Male Rabbits Infected with Experimental Lipid Disorder
Authors: Maysam Ibrahim Mahdi Al-Naisani  , Mostafa Ali Abdulrahman  , Rafah Razooq Hameed
Published: April 2023

The study was carried out in the animal house of Samarra University, This study included evaluation of two drugs as antioxidants outside the body. As well as comparing the effect each of them on oxidation and antioxidant of infected male rabbits with experimental lipid disorder by treated them with Triton x100. The 48 domestic rabbits were used, divided into 6 groups and each group containing 8 rabbits. The level of oxidation and antioxidant was measured malondialdihyde, peroxy nitrite and ceroplasmin. The results showed that simvastatin has a high antioxidant capacity compared with rosuvastatin which has a lower susceptibility to the standard substance (vitamin C). The results showed a significant increase of P≤0.05 in the concentration of malon dialdehyde and peroxy nitrite, and a significant decrease P≤0.05 in the concentration of ceroplasmin in the serum of the infected group, also the results showed a significant decrease P≤0.05 in malon dialdehyde in the serum of all groups compared to the infected group. The fifth group which was treated with rosuvastatin demonstrated a significant decrease P≤0.05 in malon dialdehyde compared with the other groups. The results exhibited a significant decrease P≤0.05 in the concentration of pyroxy nitrite root in the serum of all groups compared to the infected group without significant differences. The results showed a significant increase of P≤0.05 in ceroplasmin concentration in the serum of all groups compared with the infected group.
Comparative Study on Renal Function Parameters During Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia
Authors: Widad A. Hasan
Published: April 2023

Pre-eclampsia is a disease of pregnancy that affects many system in the body, characterized by elevated blood pressure with protein in urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy in pregnant women with no history of hypertension or proteinurea in previous pregnancy.
The aim of the current study is to determine the renal function parameters as blood urea and serum creatinine levels in preeclamptic patients and to compare it with the normal pregnant women.
This case-control study was conducted among the pregnant women visiting AL-Batool Maternity Teaching Hospital and AL-Khansa Hospital, Mosul, Iraq. Total 150 participants were evaluated out of which 75 were normotensive pregnant women (control group) and 75 were enrolled as preeclamptic group (study group). Serum creatinine and urea levels were measured using standard procedures.
Results indicate a significant  rise in the mean  concentration of serum urea (4.72 ± 1.01 mmol/L vs. 2.48 ± 0.62 mmol/L), serum creatinine (88.8 ± 12.49 µmol / L vs. 56.61 ± 8.2 μmol/L), as compared to that of normotensive pregnant women( P < 0.0001). The findings of the present study are consistent with previous studies, suggesting increased level of serum creatinine and urea in preeclamptic group.
Proper history tacking, examination and estimation of serum urea and creatinine may be helpful for management of pre–eclampsia in order to prevent fetal and maternal complications.
Palladium(II) and platinum(II) mixed ligand complexes of metronidazole and saccharinate or benzisothiazolinonate ligands, synthesis and spectroscopic investigation
Authors: Ali A. K. Al-Jibori  , Subhi A. M. Al-Jibori  , Ahmed S. M. Al-Janabi
Published: April 2023

Six palladium (II) and platinum (II) mixed ligand complexes of metronidazole (mnz) and saccharinate (sac) or benzothiazolinolate (bit) complexes of the type [ML2(mnz)2], M = Pd or Pt, L = sac or bit, have been prepared in moderate to high yield. The newly prepared complexes have been characterized by elemental (C,H,N,S) analysis, conductivity measurements, infrared and 1H-NMR spectra. Characterization data showed that the mnz ligand in all of the prepared complexes is coordinated to metal center through the imidazole nitrogen atom. The (sac) anion ligand is coordinated through the endocyclic nitrogen atom, while the (bit) anion ligand is coordinated through the nitrogen atom in the palladium complex and through the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group in the platinum complexes. The geometry of the Pd (II) and Pt (II) complexes is square planar complexes.
Study of electrical conductance of Albumine in water and it’s reaction with alkali metal ions
Authors: Omar A. Shareef
Published: April 2023

Interactions of  bovine serum albumin with some alkali earth metal ions  Na+, K+, Mg+2,Ca+2,were investigated to give the effect of metal molecular structure on complex formation of metal-protein molecules. To elucidate the interactions, the protein-metal combination in aqueous buffer solution of pH values (4,7and8.2) and at37°Cwere investigated using conductivity, straight lines from the plot of specific conductivity against its concentration were gives at pH 7 which is chosen because it is near the pH of blood serum. Besides, the conductivities of albumin with each of solutions of some alkali earth metal chlorides (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2) at pH7 were measured. The plot of specific conductivity against each mixture solution were discussed.
New Modified Electrodes of Graphite paste with Nano Silicon dioxide For Determination of Sildenafil citrate Drug
Authors: Aveen K. Mohammed  , Ali I. Khaleel  , Nawzad N. Ahmed
Published: April 2023

In this research, new graphite paste electrodes modified with silicon dioxide (SiO2) nano particle are constructed and used for the determination of Viagra drug (Sildenafil citrate, SILC). The electrodes are constructed by preparing ion-pair for (SILC) with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) or phosphomolybdic (PMA) acid using dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a plasticizer. These electrodes show good sensitivity towards SILC with linear range of (1.0´10-7-1.0´10-2) M, correlation coefficient, (0.9990) and the life time (120) days for both electrodes, limit of detection  (5.177´10-8 and 5.026´10-8) M, optimum temperature range (23-50 and 23-65)oC , slope (57.33 and 58.01) mV/decade and optimum pH range (2-6 and 2-5), for SILC-PTA and SILC-PMA electrodes respectively. These electrodes were successfully applied for determination of SILC in pure and pharmaceutical preparation form (tablets) with recovery of not less than 98% .
Integrating GIS-based and geophysical techniques for groundwater potential assessment in Halabja Said Sadiq sub-basin, Kurdistan, NE Iraq
Authors: Hawber A. Karim  , Diary A. Al-Manmi
Published: April 2023

Groundwater is an important resource in Halabja Said Sadiq sab-basin, Sulaymaniyah district for agricultural and other uses. Continuous dramatic extraction of groundwater from legal and illegal wells led to a severe decline in the water table for the last thirty years. The objectives of this study are to delineate the groundwater productivity zones by combining the geographic information system and geoelectrical survey, which serves to recognize the locations of good groundwater storage and recharge zones. The Halabja Said Sadiq sub-basin has been selected as a case study to delineate the groundwater productivity zones. Four geoelectrical resistivity profiles conducted with electrode spacing 10 m and the length of the profiles is equal to 710 m.  Themes such as hydrogeology, land use/land cover, topography, drainage density, soil type, slope, lineaments and rainfall maps are created. The thematic maps made with GIS platform and appropriate weights put to the attributes taking into account the influence on the storage potential of groundwater. The results of geoelectrical profiles revealed that the aquifer thickness is 150 m. Three zones of groundwater potential delineated which are low, moderate and high and cover 33 %, 24 %, and 42 % of the total area respectively. Spatially, the highest zone is located along with the Quaternary deposits which characterized by high lineament density, low slop, and pediment deposition
The output of the groundwater potential model is verified by testing the discharge rate of the existing 580 wells. The results are revealed that most of the high yield wells are located within the high groundwater potential zone. Results of such verifications proved that the groundwater productivity areas recognized by GIS (AHP) and geoelectrical techniques are dependable and practical.
Influence of Thickness on Structural and optical properties of the CdS single crystal nano structure thin films Deposited Via Thermal evapovation
Authors: Enticer Kamal Nasr El Din  , Mohamed Odeh Dawood  , Abdullah Mahmoud Ali
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the preparation of the harmful cadmium CdS on glass bases, prepared by thermal evaporation in the vacuum and study of optical and structural properties. The thickness and structural of the films were determined by (FESEM cross section). The results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the films had a single crystal the hexagonal structure and the roughness and granular size were studied by using the (AFM) in two dimensions and three dimensions. The surface of the films was formed from clusters of granules called cluster and the roughness rate increased . The optical properties were studied through the (T) permeability spectrum of cadmium sulfide (CdS) prepared in wavelength range (400,650,750) nm. It was noted hat the permeability of cadmium sulfide was low and when the permeability decreased, the energy gap increased. And the value of the optical energy gap is(2.6eV) for cadmium sulfide. The optical properties were calculated as a function of the photon energy, which includes the absorption coefficient. The optical properties suggest that the prepared had a direct energy gap of 2.5,2.2,1.95eV where the energy gap was observed by increasing the thickness of the prepared the films was studied for the manufacture of electronic devices such as solar cells. The morphology of the surface was studied through (AFM) ,and the study of the optical properties of the films by UV-visible, and the CdS of the (PVD) thermal discharge were prepared in vacuum.
Simulation Effect of Ga2O3 layer thickness on CdTe solar cell by SCAPS-1D.
Authors: Adnan Alwan Mouhammed  , Ayed N. Saleh
Published: April 2023

The effect of Ga2O3 thickness on CdTe cells was studied using the SCAPS-1D simulator. The best solar cell efficiency (14.65%) was found at the thickness of the gallium oxide layer (1-10nm) and the cell efficiency (η) decrease with an increase in the thickness of the oxide layer and the decrease of the fill factor, thus decreasing the voltage current (I-V) and decreasing the current of the short circuit (Isc). The value of the open circuit voltage (VOC) is approximately constant and at 0.76V. The optical properties of the cell of quantitative efficiency are 86% and decrease within 18nm.
Biometric Technologies in Recognition Systems: A Survey
Authors: Shihab A. Shawkat  , Raya N. Ismail
Published: April 2023

The ability to recognize people uniquely and to associate personal attributes such as name and nationality with them has been very important to the fabric of human society. Nowadays, modern societies have an explosion in population growth and increased mobility which necessitated building advanced identity management systems for recording and maintaining people’s identities. In the last decades, biometrics has played an important role in recognizing people instead of traditional ways such as passwords and keys which can be forgotten or be stolen. Biometric systems employ physiological and/or behavioral characteristics of people to verify their identities. There are different biometric modalities that can be used to recognize people such as fingerprints, face, hand geometry, voice, iris, signature, etc. In this paper, a comprehensive overview have been provided on the major issues of biometric systems including general biometric system architecture, major biometric traits, biometric systems performance, and some relevant works.
Estimation of Endothelin-1 and Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Some Renal disease
Authors: Ihsan Maher Abdul Amir  , Moafaq Mutlak Zeidan
Published: April 2023

Chronic renal disease is a worldwide public health problem with an increasing incidence, prevalence, poor outcomes, and high cost. A cross-sectional study was carried out in balad city from 10th of November 2018 to 15th of March 2019. The number of patients under  study were 60 patients with renal disease (30 acute renal disease and 30 chronic renal disease under hemodialysis). Their ages were between (20-75) years. Patients with acute renal disease were admitted to Balad general hospital and patients with chronic renal disease who admitted to Salahaddin general hospital for hemodialysis. The study included 30 apparently healthy subject as control group. The results showed that the highest mean level of endothelin-1 was found in patients with chronic renal disease (13.15±7.81)pg/ml followed by patients with acute renal disease (1.78±1.49) pg/ml compared with  the control group (0.41±0.31) pg/ml. These result were significant higher (P< 0.01). The results  showed that the lowest mean level of vitamin D was found in patients with chronic renal disease (14.45±5.92) ng/ml followed by patients with acute renal disease (23.49±13.14) ng/ml compared with the control group (24.02 ±8.22) ng/ml. The results were significant higher than control (P≤0.01). The study showed that patients with acute renal disease were distributed equally to male and female (1:1) while 56.67% of patients with chronic renal disease were males. The conclute from this study that the endothelin elevated in chronic renal disease patients and vitamin D was reduced.
Detection the role of physiological factors to produce carotenoid pigment in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ghada A. Mohammad  , Suhair Taha Daod
Published: April 2023

Three Staphylococcus aureus isolates were used in the present study for extraction and quantitation of carotenoid pigment production. Different culture conditions were used to determine optimum pigmentation such as type of culture media, different pH values, temperature, and finally daily bacterial sub-culturing for more than 2 weeks. Nutrient agar was found to be the best medium with the highest production (1.09). Optimum pH value was 6.5 and gave (1.8) carotenoid. Also results showed that pigment was produced at 37o C more than at 42oC. Daily repeated sub culturing had a negative impact on pigment production. Colonies gradualy lost pigmentation and became white in color. Also, sub-culturing was shown to affect the volume of the colonies as they became smaller on solid media.
Diagnosis of parasitic infections in vermiform appendix in patients with appendicitis in Kirkuk city, Iraq
Authors: Khulood Abdulmuttaleb Al-Saeedi  , Fatima Shihab Al-Nasiri
Published: April 2023

The present study is conducted in Kirkuk city, Iraq; between July to December 2018. Within this period 197 resected appendix are examined to investigate the parasitic infections that may associated with appendicitis. Direct with concentrated methods are used in luminal content examinations. Also, histological examination of haematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections is performed to diagnose the parasitic infections in the lumen and within the appendix tissue. The parasitic infection reported in 12.69% cases included four species, as well as a mixed infection. Entamoeba histolytica (trophozoite and cyst), Giardia lamblia (trophozoite and cyst), Cryptospordium sp.(oocyst) and Enterobious vermicularis (adult worm and ova) are recorded. The most common determined parasite is E. histolytica (8.63%). The parasitic infection within the resected appendix reported in females (8.12%) more than males (4.57%). The parasitic infections in the study are prevalent in patients within the age groups 13 to 18 years and 19 to 24 years (3.55% for each one).
The ability of Mycophenolate Mofetil to induce chromosome aberration and DNA damage in Mus Musculus Mice
Authors: RUIDA WATHEQ NEAMA  , WAJDI SABEEH SADEQ
Published: April 2023

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, cellcept) is widely used in maintenance immunosuppressive therapy for prevention refractory rejection in sold organ transplant recipients. MMF is orally used, and rapidly metabolized to its active constituent Mycophenolic acid. MPA is an inhibitor of Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase ΙΙ (IMPDH ΙΙ) in lymphocyte causing in reduction in intracellular guanine nucleotide pools and leads to inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. MMF is considered to be an effective and safe immunosuppressive agent compared with other medicins. MMF lacks the nephrotoxicity. But it has important side effects, gastrointestinal and heamatological adverse effects are the most common. The results of this study show the high significant in total chromosome aberrations in treatment groups compared with control. Also there is high significant differences in total damage DNA in treatment groups than control. In conclusion, MMF may has a high genotoxicity by induced chromosome aberration and DNA damage.
The inhibitory activity of plant extracts (Mentha Citrato L. and Citrus aurantium L.) towards some bacteria strains isolated from inflamed gums
Authors: Nagham Nseif Jassim  , Rashid Hamid Hassan
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted in Salahaldin for the period from 15/9/2018 to 15/3/2019, to study the inhibitory activity of aqueous and alcoholic (Eth,Meth) extract of  Mentha Citrato L. And Citrus aurantium L plants by agar well diffusion method on some bacterial causing gingivitis . including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumonia, were isolated. The results showed that alcohol extracts had a high inhibitory effect on the growth of the bacterial species under study compared to the aqueous extracts. These bacterial isolates were primarily sensitive to the methanolic and ethanolic extract, followed by the hot aqueous extract .
The study showed that Mentha Citrato L extract was more effective in inhibiting the growth of bacterial isolates compared to the extracts of the Citrus aurantium L. The inhibitory efficacy of these extracts increased with the concentration of the extract. The concentration was 100 (mg / ml) had a higher inhibitory value than the total concentration Study 20 and 60 (mg / ml) .
Synthesis of Mg-Ferrite nanoparticles via auto combustion method and investigation their structural, morphological and magnetic properties
Authors: Ibrahim F. Waheed  , Faiz M. AL-Abady  , Baidaa M. Ali
Published: April 2023

Magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticles is prepared by sol-gel auto combustion method and calcinated at (200,450, 900) °C. The capping agent was urea and (Mg(NO3)2.6H2O) and (Fe(NO3)3.9H2O) nitrates as sources of metal. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characteristic show clear modes of the cubic Mg-ferrite structure formation. Infrared spectrum of metal-oxygen vibration at (703-636) and (574-433) cm−1 show the tetrahedral and octahedral site of Mg-ferrite structure. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images shown pure crystalline microstructure with polyhedral shapes and very small numbers of globular small particles. The crystallite size of Mg-ferrite is calculated using Debye-Scherrer relation and was in the range of 29 nm.
Study of some hormones and Partial purification of prolidase from serum of women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Reemy M. Mohamed Saleh  , , Firas T . Maher  , Nagham Q. Kadhim
Published: April 2023

This study was done by partially purification of prolidase from serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Gel filtration technique, and using sephadex G100 gel as a stationary phase. The degree of purification (15.1) fold, enzyme yield (95.5%) and specific activity (0.00176 IU/I), were carried out .Kinetics studies for the partial purified enzyme technique showed optimal concentration of substrate which was 5 mmol/l Km = 0.66ng and Vmax =0.80 mM, while optimum Temperature was (35C°) and optimum pH was (8). The molecular weight of the partial purified enzyme has been determined by gel electrophoresis method , in presence of polyacrylamide gel and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS_PAGE) which showed that the approximates molecular weight was (54KD),we found high level of prolactin in the patient with polycystic ovary syndrome which was(24.03) when in the control was( 10.09),the value of TSH in the patient was( 17.08) which is high value and in the control was( 1.49), the value of T4 in the patient was (100.2) and in control was (118.4),the value of T3 in the patient was (0.3)and in control was (1.3).Testosterone in patient was (0.391) and in control was (0.206).
Petrology and Geochemistry of Gole Pillow Basalt in Penjween area Kurdistan Region- NE Iraq
Authors: Jabbar M. A. Qaradaghi  , Yousif O. Mohammed  , Salim A. Aziz.
Published: April 2023

The petrological, morphometric and geochemical analyses of pillow lava from Gole village (Penjween town) Sulaimani city Northeastern Iraq have been undertaken. The Gole Pillow basalt (GPB) extruded, in the form of pillow and sheet flow into the Qulqula radiolarite Formation. The basaltic intrusion restricted to a small area of about 100 m2 within Penjween- Walash zone in the Zagros Suture Zone (ZSZ) of Iraq. The investigated area divided into two sections GPB1 and GPB2. It is envisaged that the studied area distinct two episodes of submarine alkaline eruptions that produced pillowed lavas that differently interacted with seawater to produce different morphologies and geochemistries. The pillows of the GPB1 section well exposed all along the Shalair river near Gole village. Although the pillows of the GPB2 section altered due to low-grade metamorphism and late hydrothermal processes, their igneous textures are still preserved. GPB samples are mostly phyric in nature and show porphyritic or sub-ophitic textures.
Petrographically, most of the GPB rock samples appeared as amygdaloidal and vesicular aphanitic basalt. Large phenocryst of hypersthene with schiller structure is present within a matrix of longer quenched plagioclase. Numerous small euhedral grains of opaque minerals like ilmenite and hematite are dispersed in the fine groundmass.
Morphological features show that the GPB appeared as spheroidal and lobate to tubular individual pillows. Although some pillow extends 2 meters with a foreset distribution some others show cracked with irregularly jointed surface and larger vesicles partly filled with calcite and quartz.
Geochemical investigation of GPB exhibit high TiO2 (3.42 – 3.84 wt.%), Fe2O3 (14.84–19.93 wt.%), and high Zr/Nb and Zr/Y ratios respectively (5.85 – 7.2) (7.10-11.40). The content of alkalies, with the Nb/Y ratio≥1.4, and silica, as well as many trace element discrimination diagrams, classify the GPB as alkaline basalts.
The field, stratigraphic relationships, and geochemistry of the GPB and associated clastic and carbonate sediments suggest that the pillow lavas were emplaced in a shallow marine marginal within plate basin. The overall geochemistry of GPB resembles that of alkaline basalts generated in within-plate ocean island settings (OIB-type).
Study the effect of thickness and reflectivity on (n-ZnSe / p-MASnI3 / p-CuSCN) solar cell properties using SCAPS-1D
Authors: Tariq A. Mohammed  , Ayed N. Saleh
Published: April 2023

The effect of the absorption layer (MASnI3) within the range (200nm-900nm) was studied with the thickness of each layer HTM and ETM (10nm) for each. After completion of the study we found that the best thickness of the absorption plate is at (400nm), note that the cells used in the program is not perfect it contain defects, to be closer to the practical reality, after completing this study In the framework of this study was added a filter mirrors (95% mirro) from the library of the program (Scaps) and that the studied solar cells (n-ZnSe / p-MASnI3 / p-CuSCN) Reflectivity (R) ranged between 0.11-0.99 and the best reflective range at 0.99 was (η) 20.98 filler (FF) 68.55% short circuit current (Jsc) 34.040 mA/cm2 and volt circuit (Voc) 0.894 V. The default illumination spectrum has been set to the AM1.5 global standard.
L-Hollow modules
Authors: Thaer Z. Khlaif  , Nada  K. Abdullah
Published: April 2023

To consider R is a commutative ring with unity,  be a nonzero unitary left   R-module,  is known hollow module if each proper submodule of  is small.  L-hollow module is a strong form of hollow module, where an R-module  is known L-hollow module if  has a unique maximal submodule which contains each small submodules. The current study deals with this class of modules and give several fundamental properties  related with this concept.
The Concircular Curvature Tensor Of The Locally Conformal Kahler Manifold
Authors: Ali Abdalmajed. Shihab  , Dheyaa Nathim Ahmed
Published: April 2023

In this research, we are calculated components conharmonic curvature tensor in some aspects Hermeation manifolding in particular of the Locally Conformal Kahler manifold. And we prove that this tensor possesses the classical symmetry properties of the Riemannian curvature. They also, establish relationships between the components of the tensor in this manifold.
ON VIASMAN-GRAY MANIFOLD WITH GENERALIZED CONHARMONIC CURVATURE TENSOR
Authors: Ali A. Shihab  , Abdulhadi Ahmed Abd
Published: April 2023

The current study deals with  generalized conhormonic ensor of Vaisman - Gray manifold. The aim of this paper to calculate  components  generalized Ricci tensor and generalized Riemannian tensor of -  adjoint -s  to find Generalized conharmonic Curvature tensor of -manifold, one of the an manifold struc es is donated   , w re  a d  re ely de o the near hler m old an ally conformal kahler m fold have been studied
Evaluation of some biochemical and Hematological parameters for Changes Associated with Diarrhea in Calves
Authors: Zeena Ebraheem mohammed Abed  , Yaser Ahmed Mowffaq Sulaiman  , Hiba Younis Khalaf
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to identify the serological and hematological changes which were associated with diarrhea in calves. The study conducts on 62 calves their age range from 1 month to 6 months. The experiment started from September 2018 to March 2019. The samples consist of 42 calves with diarrhea and 20 healthy for comparison. Blood samples were taken for blood components and biochemical determination. The study showed a significant increase (p  in hemoglobin, PCV and white blood cells (p . The biochemical tests showed a significant increase (p  in globulin, potassium and phosphorus ions. Significant decrease (p  was occurred in albumin and sodium, and no significant changes in total protein level and chloride ions concentration.
Increasing Sterilization Efficiency of Shredder Autoclave on Medical Waste Using Ultraviolet Light Device
Authors: Sufyan Mohammed Shartooh  , Suha Maher Abed  , Nuhad Mohammed Hamid
Published: April 2023

This work involved investigating bacterial pollution of medical wastes produced by shredder autoclave at some local hospitals in Iraq. A modulation has been introduced to ensure sterilization performance through the use of Ultraviolet light on the hazardous wastes after being processed by shredder autoclave with different retention times at optical density of 270 nm in order to control the full killing of all kind of microbial life according to the environmental limits. The bacteria recovered from the wastes were identified through routine microscopically and biochemical tests and the results revealed the following species: Acinetobacter baumanii, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium difficilie, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed ability of these bacteria to re-generate in the produced solid medical wastes within the periods of 72 hours that reaches up to 20 cell / ml, while the use of UV light in a retention time of 15 min. was able to destroy all bacterial growth in the same period of 72 hours.
Occurrence of Toxoplasmosis in Baquba City, Diyala, Iraq
Authors: Mayada Nazar Jabbar AL-Khafaji  , Sarra Raid Muhamed  , Shaemaa Farhan Abdl-Kareem
Published: April 2023

The current study was conducted to determine the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in patients presented to Emergency Department, General, Educational Baquba Hospital, and Al-Batool Hospital in Baquba City, Diyala Province, Iraq, on the dependence of Serological Examinations from November 2018 to February 2019.
Blood samples were collected from, 30 young females, 218 adult women, 49 young males and 203 adult men, Total, 500, suffered from different disease conditions (pregnancy troubles, hormonal disturbances, diabetes, healthy etc..). Latex Agglutination Test (LAT), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), were used to evaluate the presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies.
The results showed that,  the percentage of positive reactors recorded by LAT test were 205 /500; 41 %, of which, 99\500; 19.8% in adult women, 7/500; 1.4% in young women, 81/500; 16.2% in adult men and 18/500; 3.6% in young men. While in ELISA, 22\100 ; 22%. Titer level of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies ranged between (1/2 to 1/128). The infections were higher in adult women and men than young persons. The infections were higher in women than men.
In conclusion, titer levels referred that the patient suffer from chronic or carrier state.
Effect of plant extracts of Salvia officinalis L. and Costus speciosus L. in growth of some bacteria species isolated from urinary tract infections in Samarra city
Authors: Huda Ali Hadi  , Rasheed H. Hasan
Published: April 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of alcoholic extract (methanol - ethanol) and flavonoids by diffusion  methods of wells of Salvia officinalis L. and Costus speciosus L. plants on Escherichia . coli and Proteus  spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infection Samarra city, the samples were collected during the period from 15/7/2018 to 30/9/2018, It was found through the results that the extracts plant that used in this study showed various inhibitory effect against, The bacteria species study imitation , where on differ this effect by difference the concentration that used and type the plant extract , showing  E.coli significant difference at significant (p< 0.05) in inhibition diameter of alcoholic (methanol) extract for Salvia officinalis L. (10.61±7.5) at higher concentration used, while these bacteria showed on significant difference in the level of inhibition diameter of alcoholic (ethanolic) extract for Salvia officinalis L., whereas the flavonoids Netted significant difference of these plant in some of concentration that used comparied with the antibiotic that used in this study. Either regarding proteus spp. bacteria notted no significant difference of both the Costus speciosus L. and Salvia officinalis L. by using the alcoholic (ethanolic) extract, while the flavonoids extract showed no significant difference in Costus speciosus L., whereas showed high significant difference in flavonoids extract of Salvia officinalis  L., due to the fact that the flavonoids extract is one of the active substance that done laboratory extraction for both the plants where that higher inhibitory effect of microbial growth from the alcoholic (ethanolic – methanolic) extract of plants .
Distribution of some heavy metals in the sediments of Tigris river from sewage of Thermal Electrical Station at Baiji City in Salah-aldin Governorate-Iraq
Authors: Hiba Abd albast Hashim Alshaeghli  , Riadh Abas Abdul Jabar  , Hussain Hassan Kharnoob
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to determine four  heavy metals including copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in the sediments of the Tigris river for a distance of 3,500 km for the time period autumn2012 – summer 2013.This is the first time that such a study carried out by the river sediments so studies on the Tigris river about sequential extraction to compare them with the results of the research not available, total concentrations recorded of  Cu )11.23-12.1)µg/g, Zn (39.6-41.03) µg/g, Pb (115.82-117.34) µg/g,Cd (4.1-4.34) µg/g dry weight, the distribution in the sediment layers, exchangeable metal ion recorded of Cu (0.42-0.44) µg/g, Zn (0.32-0.33) µg/g, Pb (0.22-0.25) µg/g, Cd (0.15-0.17) µg/g dry weight, and layer of carbonate bound of Cu( 1.6-1.63) µg/g ,Zn (4.47-6.71) µg/g, Pb (0.2-0.22) µg/g , Cd (1.44-2.17) µg/g dry weight, and the metal layer of Cu (1.26-1.41) µg/g, Zn  (15.84-17.07) µg/g, Pb  (46.38-49.46) µg/g, Cd  (1.9-2.17) µg/g dry weight, concentration of organic layer Cu (7.85-8.67) µg/g, Zn (17.63-17.96) µg/g, Pb (68.57-67.48) µg/g, Cd (0.58-0.86) µg/g dry weight. The arrangement of total concentration Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd (4,42-12,09-41,69-116,88) µg/g dry weight. Distribution of Cu organic layer> carbonate bound> metal layer> exchangeable metal ion (8,41-1,78-1.52-0.35) µg/g dry weight, Zn metal layer> organic layer> carbonate bound> exchangeable metal ion (18.99-17,58-5.52-0.29) µg/g dry weight, Pb organic layer>metal layer> exchangeable metal ion> carbonate bound (66.42-49.81-0.22-0.2) µg/g dry weight, Cd metal layer> carbonate bound> organic layer> exchangeable metal ion (2.02-1.87-0.91-0.18) µg/g dry weight .The high concentration recorded in four station, these results indicated that the possibility of using sequential extraction for the detection of the distribution of metals and determine the impact of diversity through release them to the aquatic environment, all concentration mentioned are rate they aren’t single value.
Mineralogy and geochemistry of Mishrif Formation from selected oilfield, south east of Iraq
Authors: Taher M. Taha  , Enaam J. Abdullah
Published: April 2023

Mishrif Formation (Late Cenomanian) has been studied in four oilfields in southern Iraq, and studied samples were examined by mineralogy and geochemistry analysis using XRF and XRD techniques.
The mineralogical study reveals that dolomite and calcite are the main minerals in the rock formation in studied oil fields, whereas quartz and clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite) represent secondary minerals composition. For geochemical classification of Mishrif rock, Ca/Mg ratio was applied and this reveals that Calcitic Limestone is a major type in studied samples.
The paleo - salinity has been examined by using Ca/Mg and Mg/Ca ratios and they referred to moderate salinity during deposition. Mg/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios have been applied to measure paleo-temperature, so infer a moderate paleo-temperature for Mishrif Formation in studied samples. Based on the comparison between low Sr/Ca and the relatively high Ca/Mg ratios, infer that a dolomitization process played the main role among diagenesis processes.
Estimation the Radionuclides concentrations, Risk indicators and annual doses in soils of residential and agricultural regions in Kirkuk city
Authors: Berivan Mohammad Abdwllah  , Sabah Mahmoud Aman Allah
Published: April 2023

The aim of the current study is to measure the of the radio nuclides, Risk indicators and annual doses in selected soils samples for the residential and agriculture areas in Kirkuk governorate by using the spectroscopy technique of high-purity germanium detector where 10 soil samples were collected at depth of 20 cm. The present study shows that radioactivity results for the isotopes were as the following: Radium 226Ra, Actinium 228Ac and potassium 40K are (27.6±4.1-43.3±5.4 Bq.kg-1) with average value (32.86±4.95 Bq.kg-1) and (12.4±0.8-28.12±4.2 Bq.kg-1) with average value (20.492±2.77 Bq.kg-1) and (225±9.2-327±12.1 Bq.kg-1) with average value (268.76±9.06 Bq.kg-1) respectively. The factor Raeq Radium equivalent (63.966-92.759 Bq.kg-1) and the radioactivity concentration ( (0.469-0.666 Bq.kg-1), Hazardous factors of internal and external are (0.366280-0.247378 Bq.kg-1) (0.172784-0.249254 Bq.kg-1) respectively. The air absorbed does (30.332-43.185) nGy.h-1, while the Risk indicator for the internal and external annual effective dose were (0.148797-0.220033) mSv.y -1 and (0.037199-0.052963) mSv.y -1 respectively. The comparison of the  present results present a good agreement with the acceptable standard values of the World Health Organization (WHO) and has not influences  on the health, environment and agriculture.
Investigate the Structural and Optical Properties of RF-Sputtered V2O5 thin films deposited at different Power
Authors: Noor Lafta. Hamdan  , Faris S. Atallah  , Mohammed K. Khalaf  , Ibrahim K. Salman
Published: April 2023

In this work, the structural and optical properties of V2O5 have been presented. Thin films were manufactured by the RF magnetron sputtering process. The nanostructures and some optical properties  of deposit thin films at different sputtering RF power in a plasma chamber were investigated. The structural investigation was performed with  X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results obtained from both methods have revealed that as-deposited films were polycrystalline in nature. The texture of the films was observed  that , the crystallite and  grain size were increased with increasing the sputtering power. Optical properties were determined by transmission measurements in the spectral range from (250 to 1100 nm) . An Optical energy gap of sputtered films and its dependency to sputtering power of plasma have been measured. It was found that the energy gap decreased with increasing the  used power. The energy band gap was found to be in the ranged of (3.02 eV to 2.90 eV) when the sputtering power varying from (75 nm to 150 Watt).
SIS MODEL WITH HARVESTING IN FOOD CHAIN MODEL
Authors: Sufyan A. Wuhaib  , Bilal A. Yaseen
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study the mathematical model of the type SIS, healthy prey is infected by disease and the study proved that solution and restrictive in which the molecular system do not have periodic boundaries, then it discussed the stability of those points. the study also showed how to control the disease using the harvest so as not to become an epidemic.
Sciatic Nerve Regeneration Using Collagen Tubes and Acellular Nerve Transplants in Rabbits (A comparative study)
Authors: Ali Ghanim Abdulla  , AbdulJabbar Jameel Al-Samarae  , Samira Abdulhussain Abdullah
Published: April 2023

The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare on anatomical bases between the different types of nerve graft, autograft, collagen tubes (natural polymers), and acellular epineurial nerve sheaths (biological conduits), which included acellular rabbit nerve graft and acellular rat nerve graft.
Fourty local breaded rabbits were used and divided into four groups, each of ten rabbits. Then each group was subdivided again into two subgroups according to time of scarifying, which was after 45 days and 3 months post operation.
Histological assessment for the effect of Cypermethrin in the skin of local breed rabbits
Authors: Bader Khatlan Hameed  , Ali Khudheyer Obayes  , Ayad Hameed Ebraheem
Published: April 2023

Research has been designed to focusing and evaluation the effect of cypermethrin as insecticide material in the skin of the rabbits. Cypermethrin was applied on the skin after shaving the dorso-lateral aspect of rabbits .The animals (12) were classified into four groups (A, B, C and D), three animals per group. Groups (B, C and D) were exposed to cypermethrin at doses (0.001, 0.005, 0.010)mg/kg respectively,  while  (A) was a control group. After ten days of drug's application, animals of group (D) were died at ending of the study because they received heavy dose. The groups (B and C) shown excitation  signs, followed by inhibition and depression of their activity. The animals of groups (A, B and C) were scarified and a specimens (0.5) cm3 of skin from the dorso- lateral aspect were obtained, washed with water and put in formalin (10)% then processed after (24) hours by using  histological technique, sectioned at (5)µm thickness, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin a then examined under light microscopic at different powers.
Study of LCAT and some biochemical parameters in cardiovascular patient
Authors: Amel Taha Yassein Al-Juraisy  , Ameera Aziz Mahmood Al-Juraisy  , Nadia Ahmed saleh
Published: April 2023

The Clinical study included individuals (m23ales and females aged 25-75y) with cardiovascular disease. The activity of Lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) was estimated, in addition to the level of apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), glutathione (GSH), peroxy nitrate (PN), malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose and certain elements (Zn, Cu, Mg and Co) in blood serum. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the activity of LCAT and GPx, and the level of apoAI, HDL-c, GSH, Zn and Mg. on the other hand, it was shown that there was a significant increase in the level of apoB100, TC, TG,  LDL-c, PN, Glu, Cu and Co but on unsignificant change in the level of MDA for both male and females.
Biochemical and Kinetic Study for the partially purified Lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase from serum cardiovascular disease
Authors: Amel Taha Yassein Al-Juraisy  , Ameera Aziz Mahmood Al-Juraisy  , Nadia Ahmed saleh
Published: April 2023

The study includes partial purification of Lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) from the blood serum of a person suffering from atherosclerosis. Several techniques were applied including ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, ion exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. It was found that LCAT has one isoenzyme and the highest activity was (1073.46 × 10-3) unit/ml and a molecular weight of 62 KDa. The study  also deals with characterizing of LCAT. It was found that the optimum pH and temp. of the enzyme were 7 and 35ºC.
Study of qualitative properties of groundwater and its suitability for different uses in the Eastern of the Al- Dour city/ Salahaldin/ Iraq
Authors: Ehab Mohammad A  , Ektifa Taha A  , Fatma Adnan S  , Rania Haithem S
Published: April 2023

A study was conducted to evaluate the groundwater in Abo- Dalaf Area, far east of  Al-Dour city, Salahaldin governorate. The field work included, field visits to the area to know the geological reality and to identify the most important geomorphological and structural phenomena, then 10 wells were selected, distributed over the study area.
Laboratory work included physical and chemical tests of water samples, The physical characteristics included, Total hardness (TH), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Ratio (Na%), Temperature (T)  and pH.