bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Analysis of 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1H-Imidazol-2-Amine
Authors: Zhou Qifan , Du Fangyu , Shi Yajie , Fang Ting , Chen Guoliang
Published: November 2018

A practical synthetic route to an important pharmaceutical intermediate 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-amine, via a three-step sequence involving cyclisation, hydrolysis and methylation, is reported. In the process of optimisation, a novel chemical entity was isolated and confirmed to be 2,6-diphenyl-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The scale-up experiment was carried out to provide 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-amine in 27.4% total yield.
Estrategias Pedagógicas para el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional en estudiantes con dificultades académicas del grado noveno del instituto Jorge Gaitán Duran
Authors: Vega Riaño Hugo Alexander , Paez Castro Yeny Maritza
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: el presente artículo tiene como objetivo definir las estrategias pedagógicas para el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional en estudiantes con dificultades académicas del grado noveno del instituto Jorge Gaitán Duran. Metodología: explica de forma clara y precisa los elementos metodológicos del estudio. En primer lugar se expone el tipo de investigación descriptivo haciendo referencia al enfoque cualitativo. Segundo, se detalla la población y muestra de la investigación. Por último, se explica el diseño de la investigación En esta última parte se detallan las fases del estudio, las variables de análisis, los instrumentos y técnicas de recolección de información, y la forma de analizar los datos. Resultados y conclusiones: comprende la descripción de los resultados, el análisis de los mismos y la interpretación respectiva de la información acudiendo al marco teórico que sustenta el estudio.
Servicio al cliente: una opción de mejora empresarial
Authors: Hernandez Hugo , Niebles William , Montenegro Arnulfo
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: definir el servicio al cliente como una mejora empresarial en las organizaciones, donde la finalidad es que el cliente obtenga el producto o servicio en el momento y lugar adecuado, garantizando la calidad de los mismos. Resultados y conclusiones: existen dos tipos de clientes que interceden en los servicios de las organizaciones, esto son los internos (empleados operativos, administrativos o ejecutivos, que tienen mucha incidencia con el cliente externo y de los cuales depende en parte un buen servicio brindado) y externos (no pertenecen a la organización y van a solicitar un servicio o adquirir un producto. Siendo esenciales para el éxito del negocio, dado que proporcionan el flujo de ingresos); en la empresa los clientes internos y externos deben tener igual importancia siendo  tratados de una forma equitativa. Para llevar una política exitosa de atención al cliente, la empresa debe poseer fuentes de información sobre su mercado objetivo, el comportamiento de sus consumidores, pero sobre todo una fluidez en la comunicación.
Prevención de riesgos informáticos en las empresas del sector salud
Authors: Medina Cerquera Brian Andrés , Gutiérrez Rodríguez César Augusto , Abadía Correa Jair
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: exponer las razones fundamentales que justifican la implementación de una metodología para la prevención de riesgos informáticos en las pyme, para realizar y aplicar dicho desarrollo, se deberán tomar en consideración las características fundamentales de cada organización. Metodología: El trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en una empresa, dedicada a prestar servicios de outsourcing en salud, donde se resaltan los siguientes aspectos: 1) La información es uno de los bienes más importantes de una compañía. 2) En esta empresa no existían medidas claras para salvaguardar la información como su activo más importante, porque los costos que esto implica superan las posibilidades presupuestales de la compañía y porque adicionalmente no existe una cultura que respalde dicho comportamiento al interior de la organización. 3) Es fundamental sensibilizar a todo personal de la importancia y protección de la información, ya que cualquiera puede ser un posible factor de riesgo, aun sin proponérselo. Resultados y conclusiones: Como resultado se evidenció la necesidad de implementar una metodología de seguridad informática que no solo proteja los datos, sino que involucre a todo el personal de la empresa concientizándolo de su importancia.
Construction and investigation of Cram endgame databases
Authors: Uiterwijk Jos W.H.M.
Published: November 2018

In this paper we investigate the game of Cram, which is the impartial version of Domineering. We have built Cram endgame databases for all board sizes < 30 squares. We developed a program that fills the databases with their Combinatorial Game Theory (CGT) values. Since Cram is an impartial game, all CGT values for Cram positions are so-called nimbers, indicated by ∗ n. The nimber value of a position not only directly determines the game-theoretic value (first- or second-player win), but also provides an optimal playing strategy. When analyzing the resulting databases we observed the following facts. Firstly we confirmed that the CGT values of all investigated empty boards are in agreement with results published in the literature. Since the value of an empty board depends completely on the values of many partially filled positions in the database, this is a strong indication that our process of filling the database with CGT values is correct. Secondly, although the series of values for 2 × n boards is completely regular, namely a value ∗ 0 for n being even and ∗ 1 for n being odd, this was not proven formally so far. We were able to provide such a proof. We also investigated the databases for their contents. So far we encountered nimber values up to ∗ 11 among single-fragment Cram positions. It appears that for a ∗ n value to occur a board size with ≈ 3 n squares is needed, some more for very tall boards ( 1 × n), some less for wider boards ( 4 × n). So far no single-fragment Cram positions were encountered with nimber values ⩾ ∗ 12, although we show a construction of larger multi-fragment positions with nimber values from ∗ 12 up to ∗ 15. In a preliminary experiment we incorporated the CGT endgame databases constructed into a simple alpha-beta solver for the game. Results revealed a large improvement in solving power.
Solving Nonogram puzzles by using group-based fully probing
Authors: Chen Lung-Pin , Huang Kuo-Chan
Published: November 2018

Nonogram is a typical two-dimensional logical puzzle game in which each pixel involves two constraints associated to the intersecting row and column. The recently proposed approaches can efficiently solve many puzzles via logical deduction based on the 2-SAT formulas. This paper proposes a set of new logical properties for inferencing the consistent and inverse relations among pixels. We show that the pixels with consistent (or inverse) relation must be painted to a same (or an opposite) color in the solution puzzle. Consequently, the pixels can be aggregated into groups, thereby the space of search tree of the Nonogram backtracking algorithm can be reduced.
Game learning support system based on future position
Authors: Ito Takeshi
Published: November 2018

In games with a large number of legal yet complicated moves like Shogi, the number of candidate moves that can be performed are considerably large especially for beginners; therefore, often, beginners encounter situations where they cannot select the next move to play. The hint function in the existing Shogi programs provides support by directly showing candidate moves. However, such direct hints may not only deprive the pleasure of playing the game intellectually, but also instigate players to avoid thinking about the next steps entirely. Therefore, a method to provide indirect hints is required, which retains the objective and fun of the game. Thus, in this study, a method that presents the future position in the game, which is generated by self-play of Shogi AI, is proposed. In particular, the proposed system displays the next position, position after 5 steps, or position after 9 steps in advance using the Shogi AI. Then, the learning effect based on the evaluation experiment was analyzed and discussed.
Exploring effects of fully probing sequence on solving nonogram puzzles
Authors: Huang Kuo-Chan , Yeh Jia-Jun , Huang Wei-Chiao , Guo Yan-Rong , Chen Lung-Pin
Published: November 2018

This paper presents our experimental studies on improving the speed of solving nonogram puzzles. Our approach is based on the algorithm developed by Wu et al. A puzzle solving program, named LalaFrogKK, implementing the algorithm has won several nonogram tournaments since 2011. The algorithm consists of three major parts: propagation based on line solving, fully probing, and backtracking. Fully probing, running before backtracking, contributes to solving a nonogram puzzle in two ways. The first is to paint more pixels after propagation. The second is testing each unpainted pixel for providing backtracking with more accurate guidance when choosing pixels to guess. However, we found that different probing sequences can lead to significant differences in the numbers of painted pixels after fully probing. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate into the effects of different fully probing sequences, and propose several new fully probing mechanisms. Experimental results show that the new mechanisms can significantly outperform the original fully probing method. One of the new fully probing mechanisms achieves a speedup of more than two times in solving nonogram puzzles.
The number of effective moves for Chinese chess
Authors: Chen Jr-Chang , Lin Ting-Yu , Hsu Tsan-Sheng
Published: November 2018

The accurate measurement for opening positions in a game is an important issue in computer games. Evaluation functions used in game-playing programs are designed for the middlegame, and may not suitable for the opening phase. This paper proposes a method, named the number of effective moves, which is composed by a set of opening heuristics. It can be seen as an evaluation function for the opening. In addition, we implement a GUI tool based on an opening book to facilitate adjustments. The tool helps to discover new opening lines in practice and to assist move selection in the opening.
Design and implementation aspects of a Surakarta program
Authors: Chen Yen-Chi , Yeh Jia-Fong , Lin Shun-Shii
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we present the techniques, such as bitboard, iterative-deepening aspiration search algorithm, endgame tablebase, used in our Surakarta program Fuchou. A bijective function similar to Schadd’s is developed to map a Surakarta board position to a unique address of the endgame tablebase. The function is one-to-one and onto and can be computed very quickly using some techniques compared to conventional methods. We have implemented it on our Surakarta program FuChou. Experimental results show that we have gotten advantages of speedup as well as accuracy on the endgame boards.
Maintain Your Brain: Protocol of a 3-Year Randomized Controlled Trial of a Personalized Multi-Modal Digital Health Intervention to Prevent Cognitive Decline Among Community Dwelling 55 to 77 Year Olds
Authors: Heffernan Megan , Andrews Gavin , Fiatarone Singh Maria A. , Valenzuela Michael , Anstey Kaarin J. , Maeder Anthony J. , McNeil John , Jorm Louisa , Lautenschlager Nicola T. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Ginige Jeewani A. , Hobbs Megan J. , Boulamatsis Christos , Chau Tiffany , Cobiac Lynne , Cox Kay L. , Daniel Kenneth , Flood Victoria M. , Guerrero Yareni , Gunn Jane , Jain Nidhi , Kochan Nicole A. , Lampit Amit , Mavros Yorgi , Meiklejohn Jacinda , Noble Yian , O’Leary Fiona , Radd-Vagenas Sue , Walton Courtney C. ,   Maintain Your Brain Collaborative Team, Brodaty Henry
Published: November 2018

Background:

Maintain Your Brain (MYB) is a randomized controlled trial of an online multi-modal lifestyle intervention targeting modifiable dementia risk factors with its primary aim being to reduce cognitive decline in an older age cohort.

Methods:

MYB aims to recruit 8,500 non-demented community dwelling 55 to 77 year olds from the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study in New South Wales, Australia. Participants will be screened for risk factors related to four modules that comprise the MYB intervention: physical activity, nutrition, mental health, and cognitive training. Targeting risk factors will enable interventions to be personalized so that participants receive the most appropriate modules. MYB will run for three years and up to four modules will be delivered sequentially each quarter during year one. Upon completing a module, participants will continue to receive less frequent booster activities for their eligible modules (except for the mental health module) until the end of the trial.

Discussion:

MYB will be the largest internet-based trial to attempt to prevent cognitive decline and potentially dementia. If successful, MYB will provide a model for not just effective intervention among older adults, but an intervention that is scalable for broad use.
Zur Einschätzung der gegenwärtigen politischen Lage in der BRD
Authors: Altvater Elmar , Armanski Gerhard , Piening Susanne
Published: November 2018

Zur Einschätzung der gegenwärtigen politischen Lage in der BRD
Werttransfer und Unterentwicklung
Authors: Schoeller Wolfgang
Published: November 2018

Werttransfer und Unterentwicklung - zur neueren Diskussion um Weltmarkt, Unterentwicklung und Akkumulation des Kapitals in unterentwickelten Ländern
Das vietnamesische Lehrstück der imperialistischen Politik der USA
Authors: Rabehl Bernd
Published: November 2018

Das vietnamesische Lehrstück der imperialistischen Politik der USA
Probleme und Funktion einer wissenschaftlichen, sozialistischen Zeitschrift zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt
Authors: PROKLA Redaktionskonferenz
Published: November 2018

Probleme und Funktion einer wissenschaftlichen, sozialistischen Zeitschrift zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt
Development and validation of a simple spectrophotometric method for quantification of chloride in polymeric materials
Authors: Huynh Chau Minh , Nguyen Nguyen Thao , Vo Vu Dinh Thien , Nguyen Mai Anh
Published: November 2018

A simple analytical method was developed for determination of chloride content in polymeric materials. The procedure comprises of two steps, the dissolution of the polymer by alkaline fusion followed by indirect spectrophotometric analysis of the chloride based on the absorption at 460 nm of Fe(SCN)2+, a product of the reaction between chloride ion and a mixture of mercury (II) thiocyante and ferric ion. A non-linear calibration curve was constructed from 0.5 to 20 ppm with R2 = 0.9991; the limit of detection and quantitation were of 0.325 and 1.083 ppm, respectively. The recovery of the whole procedure was higher than 92.9 % with a RSD ~ 2.4 %. The developed procedure was applied to animated poly(divinylbenzene-co-vinyl benzyl chloride) in order to investigate the extent of amination of the base material.
Effects of coolant flow rate under ultrasonic vibrations transmitted to surface roughness in grinding SKD11 steel
Authors: Nguyen Dong Tien , Tran Trung Van
Published: November 2018

The ultrasonic assisted machining method is now widely applied and supported in machining processes such as drilling, turning, milling and especially grinding. This paper presents the effect of coolant flow rate q (3.5, 4.5 and 5 l.min-1 respectively) under ultrasonic vibrations transmitted in grinding SKD11 steel. The surface roughness Ra was used to evaluate the impact. The results show that, when no ultrasonic vibrations were transmitted, the surface roughness values are approximately equivalent when changing the coolant flow rate. However, when transmitting the ultrasonic oscillator to the coolant, the coolant flow rate increases, the effect of ultrasound is clear. The results show that the surface roughness of the workpiece decreases as the coolant flow increases. In other words, the coolant was transmitted by ultrasonic vibrations that clean the grinding wheel surface, removing the grinding chips that stick to the space between the abrasives grains, ensuring the grindability of grinding wheels.
Evaluate the effect of mixing ratio biodiesel from rubber seed oil on the performance of the Kubota RT125 diesel engine by simulation
Authors: Nguyen Khai Le Duy , Nguyen Trai Quang
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the power and emissions of Kubota RT125 diesel engines using biodiesel. It derived from rubber seed oil with variable mixing ratios of B0, B5, B10 and B20, with loading modes of 50%, 80%, 100%. This research was studied at velocity of 1600 rpm, 2000 rpm and 2400 rpm (revolution per minute). Simulation results from KIVA-3V software show that when the change from diesel (B0) to biodiesel (B5, B10, B20) the engine power does not change much, the amount of soot emission decreases dramatically while NOx increase, overall B20 fuel has the most similar results to diesel.
A Framework for Dynamic Facet Ordering Search in E-Commerce
Authors: Virgil Jeny J. Rethna , Roshini Gunda
Published: November 2018

Faceted browsing is wide employed in internet outlets and merchandise comparison sites. In these cases, a hard and fast ordered list of aspects is usually utilized. This approach suffers from 2 main problems. First, one has to invest a major quantity of time to plan an efficient list. Second, with a hard and fast list of aspects it will happen that a aspect becomes useless if all product that match the question area unit associated to it specific aspect. during this work, tend to gift a framework for dynamic aspect ordering in e-commerce. supported measures for specificity and dispersion of aspect values, the totally automatic algorithmic program ranks those properties and aspects on prime that result in a fast drill-down for any attainable target product. In distinction to existing solutions, the framework addresses e-commerce specific aspects, like the likelihood of multiple clicks, the grouping of aspects by their corresponding properties, and therefore the abundance of numeric aspects. In an exceedingly large-scale simulation and user study, approach was, in general, favourably compared to an aspect list created by domain specialists, a greedy approach as baseline, and a progressive entropy-based resolution.
Percepción de estudiantes universitarios sobre algunos aspectos de su construcción social genérica
Authors: Romero Guzmán María Lizet
Published: November 2018

El artículo presenta percepciones que tienen estudiantes universitarios varones y mujeres acerca de prácticas genéricas que asimilan como equitativas e inequitativas en su círculo primario de socialización; qué papeles genéricos se les asignaron en su familia y en los juegos de su infancia, teniendo en cuenta que las construcciones culturales, impuestas, binarias y convencionales influyen en la construcción de la identidad de género de los sujetos y sienta las bases de las normas de funcionamiento de la sociedad; sin embargo, se sustenta que éstas no son definitivas, pues como toda construcción, pueden cambiar. En esta lógica, se muestran conjuntamente las manifestaciones con las que estos sujetos han tomado distancia de lo que se les enseñó sobre cómo debería ser una mujer y cómo debería ser un hombre, acompañadas de sus reflexiones que intentan romper en el entorno cotidiano con relaciones de género desiguales y la posible transformación de prácticas inequitativas en favor de prácticas equitativas. El artículo forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre percepciones de estudiantes universitarios respecto a la equidad de género.
Búsqueda de sensaciones y consumo de drogas en adolescentes mexicanos
Authors: Pérez de la Barrera Citlali
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar si existían diferencias en el nivel de búsqueda de sensaciones en cuanto al consumo de drogas en adolescentes escolarizados. La muestra estuvo conformada por 386 estudiantes de nivel medio superior en el estado de Morelos, México. Para medir la búsqueda de sensaciones, se utilizó una escala validada en población mexicana conformada por tres factores: 1) gusto por el riesgo, con 8 reactivos y un alfa de 0.88; 2) emociones fuertes, con 4 reactivos y una alfa de 0.70; y 3) cautela, con 4 reactivos y un alfa de 0.65. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol en el último año y mes entre los estudiantes consumidores y no consumidores, donde estos últimos presentan un menor nivel de búsqueda de sensaciones. Respecto a las drogas ilegales, los estudiantes que nunca las han consumido obtuvieron un puntaje más bajo en su nivel de búsqueda de sensaciones, en comparación con los estudiantes con consumo de alguna droga ilegal alguna vez en su vida. Además, se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los estudiantes que han consumido marihuana e inhalables alguna vez, en comparación con los que nunca han consumido. Estos hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de desarrollar programas que incluyan el fortalecimiento de la habilidad de autocontrol por ser un factor protector del consumo de drogas en adolescentes.
Consumo de sustancias en los jóvenes que no estudian ni trabajan (ninis)
Authors: Gutiérrez García Raúl Alejandro , Martínez Martínez Kalina Isela , Pacheco Trejo Aymé Yolanda , Benjet Corina
Published: November 2018

El consumo de drogas en México en los últimos años ha representado un problema de salud importante. Aunado a que cada vez más la cantidad y frecuencia de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas ha aumentado fundamentalmente en la población joven, tanto en aquéllos que trabajan, como en los que estudian, o realizan ambas o ninguna de las dos actividades, considerando un factor de riesgo no asistir a la escuela y el desempleo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer los discursos de jóvenes que no estudian ni trabajan sobre su consumo de drogas. Se tomaron como base los relatos de 10 jóvenes que representan esta situación. Los métodos utilizados para la recolección y análisis de los datos son de corte cualitativo a través de entrevistas focalizadas. Los resultados forman parte de la investigación de tesis doctoral “La construcción social de la identidad en jóvenes que no estudian ni trabajan”, centrándose en los discursos de los jóvenes entrevistados que consumen drogas como una forma de convivencia social entre pares para “pasarla bien”, y una forma de “olvidar los problemas” que tienen, como el no encontrar empleo. Estos factores pueden interactuar con la situación de los jóvenes de no estudiar ni trabajar, creando un escenario de mayor “vulnerabilidad” hacia el abuso de sustancias.
Perfil sociodemográfico del adolescente que acude a servicios de atención para las adicciones en el estado de Aguascalientes: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Reyes Alonso Margarita , Véliz Salazar Míriam Iliana
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue recabar información sobre el perfil sociodemográfico del adolescente usuario de sustancias que acude a centros de atención primaria en adicciones del estado de Aguascalientes. Se realizó un estudio ex post facto; se revisaron 146 expedientes de julio de 2012 hasta agosto de 2013; se incluyeron adolescentes de entre 12 y 19 años que solicitaron atención. Los resultados indican que los adolescentes consumidores que recibieron tratamiento tienen en promedio 15 años de edad; hombres en su mayoría (68.49%); e inician el consumo a los 13 años. La sustancia principal de consumo es el alcohol (41.30% en mujeres y 36% en hombres), y enseguida sobresale la marihuana (26% en mujeres y 33% en hombres). Respecto a su contexto familiar y social, la mayoría de los jóvenes tienen familiares consumidores de alguna sustancia adictiva; gran parte de ellos no se encuentra trabajando (77.4%), y la escolaridad en más del 50% es de secundaria. Las principales situaciones de consumo son: situaciones que él busca, y en segundo lugar situaciones inesperadas. Estos resultados son muy útiles para ampliar la información relevante sobre las características de los adolescentes consumidores de sustancias, de tal manera que se puedan identificar posibles adecuaciones a los tratamientos específicos que son ofrecidos en los centros de atención especializados para esta población, con el fin de aumentar la eficacia en los resultados.
Las condiciones socioculturales del desarrollo del síndrome amotivacional asociado a los consumidores crónicos de marihuana
Authors: Gutiérrez Rafael , Vega Hoyos Leticia , Gutiérrez Vega Valeria
Published: November 2018

Se reportan los resultados obtenidos al describir las condiciones socioculturales del desarrollo de los síntomas previstos en la definición del llamado síndrome amotivacional (por ejemplo, desinterés y flojera), en el curso de vida de un usuario crónico de marihuana. Se realizó trabajo de campo, en el que se desarrolló la observación participante, las entrevistas en profundidad y los grupos de discusión con un grupo de usuarios crónicos de marihuana que residían en el Distrito Federal; todos habían fumado por lo menos un cigarro al día durante tres o cuatro décadas. Los principales resultados indican que el desinterés, la flojera o el descuido en el aseo personal (síntomas del síndrome amotivacional), son la expresión de múltiples factores micro (violencia intrafamiliar, estigmatización familiar y escolar, trabajo infantil, cultura callejera) y macro sociales (migración, anomia, implantación de políticas económicas neoliberales, desempleo, etc.), y que conviene que la práctica clínica favorezca la escucha y el dicho de los consumidores crónicos y que las investigaciones se aproximen al consumo de marihuana en el contexto de una sociedad gobernada por un estado narco.
La prensa y los papeleritos en los murales pintados por Osvaldo Barra en Palacio de Gobierno de Aguascalientes: una respuesta a las críticas de El Sol del Centro
Authors: Luévano Díaz Alain , Ramírez Hurtado Luiciano
Published: November 2018

En uno de los segmentos del mural La Feria de San Marcos, del Palacio de Gobierno de Aguascalientes, realizado entre 1962 y 1963, el pintor chileno Osvaldo Barra plasmó un detalle que ofrece una doble lectura: mientras en el casino se apuestan enormes cantidades de monedas de oro, una pieza de metal es ofrecida como limosna a una mujer con un bebé resguardado en su rebozo y dos famélicos niños –uno de ellos con un ejemplar del diario El Sol– alzan los brazos clamando caridad; éstos representan las decenas de pequeños voceadores de periódicos de Aguascalientes, conocidos en esa época como “papeleritos”. A primera vista, es un reproche por el mínimo apoyo que se destinaba a la beneficencia pública, a pesar de las enormes ganancias que dejaba el juego. Pero también es una crítica velada del artista al periódico local de la Cadena García Valseca, que utilizaba a los vendedores como arma en su guerra periodística, tanto en Aguascalientes como en sus decenas de periódicos en el país. Además, el detalle pictórico que guarda relación con otro plasmado en el mural Aguascalientes en la Historia, realizado en 1961 por el mismo pintor, es una respuesta a la empresa periodística, que se empeñó en hacer una campaña de desprestigio al trabajo del artista chileno, en lo particular, y al gobierno de Luis Ortega Douglas, patrocinador de la obra mural, en lo general, quien enfrentó una fuerte crítica durante prácticamente todo su sexenio, de 1956 a 1962.
El mundo recorrido en 4 patas. Del humor político a la política experimental del humor
Authors: Cilento Laura
Published: November 2018

La revista 4 patas emergió en Buenos Aires durante una encrucijada política local y global asociada a la violencia política, entre abril y agosto de 1960. Como opción alternativa al llamado a la militancia y la acción social, optó por recuperar las tradiciones del humor periodístico y de la experimentación literaria para asomarse a los temas políticos, expresados como fórmula ideológica y estética.
(De)construyendo la opinión pública. La creación colectiva de artículos sobre acontecimientos políticos en la Wikipedia en español
Authors: Álvarez Azcárraga Luis
Published: November 2018

Wikipedia en español no sólo se ha convertido en un sitio para almacenar información de carácter general como en las enciclopedias tradicionales que le precedieron, sino que se actualiza constantemente a partir de la información periodística que se genera al instante. Una vez que un acontecimiento relevante aparece en los medios, la enciclopedia en línea es actualizada por uno o varios editores, convirtiéndose en una fuente de consulta de primera mano. Es por esto que para los editores activos que participan en la construcción colectiva de la enciclopedia, es importante que se respeten las reglas básicas: relevancia enciclopédica y punto de vista neutral. En este artículo se verá cómo influye la interacción de diferentes usuarios, tanto los activos como los usuarios anónimos que hacen vandalismo, en la reconstrucción de opinión pública a partir de los casos de dos artículos en la Wikipedia en español.
Language Problem in Bangladeshi Children with Autism spectrum disorder : Observation through a Neurolinguistics Approach
Authors: Ferdous Fahmida , Yasmeen BH Nazma , Alam Md Faruq , Chisty Md Mahsukur Rahman , Kamal Md Mohit , Ali Jinnath Imtiaz
Published: November 2018

Background : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) covers a set of developmental disabilities that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges.Objective : It was aimed to find out the language problem in Bangladeshi children with Autism spectrum disorder following the neurolinguistics approach.Methodology : A descriptive observational study conducted during the period of April 2014 to December 2014 in the department of Linguistics, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh among the Bangladeshi children aged between 3–12 years. A total of 10 children with normal hearing ability who were diagnosed as ASD according to the diagnostic criteria (DSM- 5 or ICD 10) were enrolled in the study purposively from two tertiary care hospitals of Dhaka city.Results : In this study total 10 children were included and their age range was 3 to 12 years. Male was predominant (90%).Consanguinity of parents was not present in most (90%) cases,60% had positive family history of mental illness, 70% had history of delivery by lower uterine section, 80% of them were term baby. 100% children had delayed speech development, 90% was unable to indicate with index finger, 90% was unable to use noun and pronoun, 90% had repetitive words, 100% had inability to take part in rhymes, 90% was unable to play with symbols, 70% had no eye to eye contact, and 90% had no reciprocal social smile.Conclusion : Language problem in the children with ASD is an under attended problem in Bangladesh. To the authors’ best knowledge this is the first neurolinguistics approach to ASD children in Bangladesh. Further large scale extensive studies would be necessary for better visualization of the extent of the issue.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.9(2) Jan 2018: 295-299
Cardiac Beriberi in an infant : An Unforgettable Dis
Authors: Hassan Mahmuda , Mukti Afsana , Haque Hakimul , Khan Masuma , Begum Marium , Roy Sudipta , Ahmed Taslim Uddin , Ahmed Ashraf Uddin , Tabassum Sadia , Kabir ARM Luthful , Rahman Hamidur
Published: November 2018

Abstract not availableNorthern International Medical College Journal Vol.9(2) Jan 2018: 315-317
Structural dynamics of free molecules and condensed matter
Authors: Aseyev S A , Akhmanov A S , Girichev G V , Ischenko A A , Kochikov I V , Panchenko V Ya , Ryabov E A
Published: November 2018

Advances in the development of pulsed lasers provided a further breakthrough in the study of the structural dynamics of nuclei and electrons. As a result of this progress, the use of powerful femtosecond laser pulses, both for exciting a sample and for generating ultrashort (down to femto- and even subfemtosecond) photoelectron bunches synchronized with optical pulses for sensing matter, made it possible to observe the coherent dynamics of nuclei and electrons in samples at the required spatiotemporal scales. The possibility of direct observations of reaction processes is a major breakthrough in chemical physics. The many-particle potential is so complex that the degree of the interaction nonadiabaticity cannot be determined with an accuracy sufficient for predicting reaction paths. How can this information and a new look at the reaction dynamics be used in the future? This question arises in connection with the development of a new conceptual foundation of natural sciences incorporating the convergence of experimental and theoretical tools in studies of systems of any complexity with atomic resolution. In this approach, an ‘atomic–molecular’ movie is obtained by using mutually complementary information extracted from simultaneous studies of ultrafast electron (or X-ray) diffraction, spectroscopy, and the quantum dynamic theory of matter.
Lettuce Biofortification with Selenium in Chitosan-Polyacrylic Acid Complexes
Authors: Leija-Martínez Paola , Benavides-Mendoza Adalberto , Cabrera-De La Fuente Marcelino , Robledo-Olivo Armando , Ortega-Ortíz Hortensia , Sandoval-Rangel Alberto , González-Morales Susana
Published: November 2018

Selenium (Se) is an essential element of the human diet. Therefore, it is necessary to implement Se in selenium-deficient soils and in the nutrient solution of soilless system culture. Although it is not considered as an essential element for plants, Se provides benefits at the level of redox metabolism, increasing the resistance of plants to various stress factors. The increase of the availability of Se, with the use of biopolymer complexes, was sought in Lactuca sativa var. Great Lakes, grown in substrate pots treated with SeO2 (5 mg Se/plant), chitosan-polyacrylic acid complex + Se (Cs-PAA + Se) (5 mg Se/plant), and chitosan-polyacrylic acid complex (Cs-PAA). The redox metabolism was modified by increasing the enzymatic activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The use of Cs-PAA + Se biopolymer complexes increased Se up to 24 mg/Kg dry weight (DW) in plant tissues.
Myosins in Osteoclast Formation and Function
Authors: Lee Beth S.
Published: November 2018

Skeletal quantity and quality are determined by processes of bone modeling and remodeling, which are undertaken by cells that build and resorb bone as they respond to mechanical, hormonal, and other external and internal signals. As the sole bone resorptive cell type, osteoclasts possess a remarkably dynamic actin cytoskeleton that drives their function in this enterprise. Actin rearrangements guide osteoclasts’ capacity for precursor fusion during differentiation, for migration across bone surfaces and sensing of their composition, and for generation of unique actin superstructures required for the resorptive process. In this regard, it is not surprising that myosins, the superfamily of actin-based motor proteins, play key roles in osteoclast physiology. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge of the osteoclast actin cytoskeleton and describes myosins’ roles in osteoclast differentiation, migration, and actin superstructure patterning.
Environmental-Friendly Synthesis of Alkyl Carbamates from Urea and Alcohols with Silica Gel Supported Catalysts
Authors: Ma Yubo , Wang Lei , Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Ronghui
Published: November 2018

TiO2/SiO2, Cr2O3-NiO/SiO2, and TiO2-Cr2O3/SiO2 were prepared by the impregnation method for alkyl carbamate synthesis using urea as the carbonyl source. Up to 97.5% methyl carbamate yield, 97% ethyl carbamate yield, and 96% butyl carbamate yield could be achieved, respectively. The catalysts were characterized by ICP-AES, BET, XRD, XPS, NH3-TPD, and EPMA. Catalytic activity investigation revealed that TiO2/SiO2, Cr2O3-NiO/SiO2, and TiO2-Cr2O3/SiO2 were effective catalysts for methyl carbamate (MC), ethyl carbamate (EC), and butyl carbamate (BC), respectively. The recycling tests suggested that these silica gel supported catalyst system is active, stable, and reusable. A total of 96–97% alkyl carbamate (methyl, ethyl, and butyl) could be obtained in a 2 L autoclave, and these data suggested that our catalyst system is relatively easy to scale up.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorated Diabetic Nephropathy by Autophagy Induction through the mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ebrahim Nesrine , Ahmed Inas , Hussien Noha , Dessouky Arigue , Farid Ayman , Elshazly Amal , Mostafa Ola , Gazzar Walaa , Sorour Safwa , Seleem Yasmin , Hussein Ahmed , Sabry Dina
Published: November 2018

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a common cause of end-stage renal disease. Autophagy has a defensive role against kidney damage caused by hyperglycemia. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are currently considered as a new promising therapy for chronic renal injury. However, the renal-protective mechanism of exosomes on DN is not completely understood. We examined the potential role of MSC-derived exosomes for enhancement of autophagy activity and their effect on DN. In our study, we used five groups of rats: control; DN; DN treated with exosomes; DN treated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (inhibitors of autophagy); and DN treated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), chloroquine, and exosome groups. We assessed renal function, morphology, and fibrosis. Moreover, ratios of the autophagy markers mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), Beclin-1, light chain-3 (LC3-II), and LC3-II/LC3-I were detected. Additionally, electron microscopy was used for detection of autophagosomes. Results: Exosomes markedly improved renal function and showed histological restoration of renal tissues, with significant increase of LC3 and Beclin-1, and significant decrease of mTOR and fibrotic marker expression in renal tissue. All previous effects were partially abolished by the autophagy inhibitors chloroquine and 3-MA. Conclusion: We conclude that autophagy induction by exosomes could attenuate DN in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
Unleashing the Full Potential of Oncolytic Adenoviruses against Cancer by Applying RNA Interference: The Force Awakens
Authors: Brachtlova Tereza , Van Beusechem Victor W.
Published: November 2018

Oncolytic virus therapy of cancer is an actively pursued field of research. Viruses that were once considered as pathogens threatening the wellbeing of humans and animals alike are with every passing decade more prominently regarded as vehicles for genetic and oncolytic therapies. Oncolytic viruses kill cancer cells, sparing healthy tissues, and provoke an anticancer immune response. Among these viruses, recombinant adenoviruses are particularly attractive agents for oncolytic immunotherapy of cancer. Different approaches are currently examined to maximize their therapeutic effect. Here, knowledge of virus–host interactions may lead the way. In this regard, viral and host microRNAs are of particular interest. In addition, cellular factors inhibiting viral replication or dampening immune responses are being discovered. Therefore, applying RNA interference is an attractive approach to strengthen the anticancer efficacy of oncolytic viruses gaining attention in recent years. RNA interference can be used to fortify the virus’ cancer cell-killing and immune-stimulating properties and to suppress cellular pathways to cripple the tumor. In this review, we discuss different ways of how RNA interference may be utilized to increase the efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses, to reveal their full potential.
Mitochondrial Metabolism in Major Neurological Diseases
Authors: Zhou Zhengqiu , Austin Grant L. , Young Lyndsay E. A. , Johnson Lance A. , Sun Ramon
Published: November 2018

Mitochondria are bilayer sub-cellular organelles that are an integral part of normal cellular physiology. They are responsible for producing the majority of a cell’s ATP, thus supplying energy for a variety of key cellular processes, especially in the brain. Although energy production is a key aspect of mitochondrial metabolism, its role extends far beyond energy production to cell signaling and epigenetic regulation–functions that contribute to cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and autophagy. Recent research on neurological disorders suggest a major metabolic component in disease pathophysiology, and mitochondria have been shown to be in the center of metabolic dysregulation and possibly disease manifestation. This review will discuss the basic functions of mitochondria and how alterations in mitochondrial activity lead to neurological disease progression.
Thermal Residual Stress Analysis of Soldering and Lamination Processes for Fabrication of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Shin Hyunseong , Han Ekyu , Park Nochang , Kim Donghwan
Published: November 2018

In this study, we developed a finite element model to assess the residual stress in the soldering and lamination processes during the fabrication of crystalline silicon (Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules. We found that Si wafers experience maximum thermo-mechanical stress during the soldering process. Then, the Si solar cells experience pressure during the process of lamination of each layer of the PV module. Thus, it is important to decrease the residual stress during soldering of thin Si wafers. The residual stress is affected by the number of busbars, Si wafer thickness, and solder type. Firstly, as the number of busbars increases from two to twelve, the maximum principal stress increases by almost a factor of three (~100 MPa). Such a high first principal stress can cause mechanical failure in some Si wafers. Secondly, thermal warpage increases immediately after the soldering process when the thickness of the Si wafers decreases. Therefore, the number and width of the busbars should be considered in order to avoid mechanical failure. Finally, the residual stress can be reduced by using low melting point solder. The results obtained in this study can be applied to avoid mechanical failure in PV modules employing thin Si wafers.
Investigating the Predictive Performance of Gaussian Process Regression in Evaluating Reservoir Porosity and Permeability
Authors: Asante-Okyere Solomon , Shen Chuanbo , Yevenyo Ziggah Yao , Moses Rulegeya Mercy , Zhu Xiangfeng
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a new predictive model based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) that does not require iterative tuning of user-defined model parameters has been proposed to determine reservoir porosity and permeability. For this purpose, the capability of GPR was appraised statistically for predicting porosity and permeability of the southern basin of the South Yellow Sea using petrophysical well log data. Generally, the performance of GPR is deeply reliant on the type covariance function utilized. Therefore, to obtain the optimal GPR model, five different kernel functions were tested. The resulting optimal GPR model consisted of the exponential covariance function, which produced the highest correlation coefficient (R) of 0.85 and the least root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.037 and 6.47 for porosity and permeability, respectively. Comparison was further made with benchmark methods involving a back propagation neural network (BPNN), generalized regression neural network (GRNN), and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). The statistical findings revealed that the proposed GPR is a powerful technique and can be used as a supplement to the widely used artificial neural network methods. In terms of computational speed, the GPR technique was computationally faster than the BPNN, GRNN, and RBFNN methods in estimating reservoir porosity and permeability.
Life Cycle Cost of Heat Supply to Areas with Detached Houses—A Comparison of District Heating and Heat Pumps from an Energy System Perspective
Authors: Swing Gustafsson Moa , Myhren Jonn Are , Dotzauer Erik
Published: November 2018

There are different views on whether district heating (DH) or heat pumps (HPs) is or are the best heating solution in order to reach a 100% renewable energy system. This article investigates the economic perspective, by calculating and comparing the energy system life cycle cost (LCC) for the two solutions in areas with detached houses. The LCC is calculated using Monte Carlo simulation, where all input data is varied according to predefined probability distributions. In addition to the parameter variations, 16 different scenarios are evaluated regarding the main fuel for the DH, the percentage of combined heat and power (CHP), the DH temperature level, and the type of electrical backup power. Although HP is the case with the lowest LCC for most of the scenarios, there are alternatives for each scenario in which either HP or DH has the lowest LCC. In alternative scenarios with additional electricity transmission costs, and a marginal cost perspective regarding the CHP investment, DH has the lowest LCC overall, taking into account all scenarios. The study concludes that the decision based on energy system economy on whether DH should expand into areas with detached houses must take local conditions into consideration.
Energy Uncertainty Analysis of Electric Buses
Authors: Vepsäläinen Jari , Ritari Antti , Lajunen Antti , Kivekäs Klaus , Tammi Kari
Published: November 2018

Uncertainty in operation factors, such as the weather and driving behavior, makes it difficult to accurately predict the energy consumption of electric buses. As the consumption varies, the dimensioning of the battery capacity and charging systems is challenging and requires a dedicated decision-making process. To investigate the impact of uncertainty, six electric buses were measured in three routes with an Internet of Things (IoT) system from February 2016 to December 2017 in southern Finland in real operation conditions. The measurement results were thoroughly analyzed and the operation factors that caused variation in the energy consumption and internal resistance of the battery were studied in detail. The average energy consumption was 0.78 kWh/km and the consumption varied by more than 1 kWh/km between trips. Furthermore, consumption was 15% lower on a suburban route than on city routes. The energy consumption was mostly influenced by the ambient temperature, driving behavior, and route characteristics. The internal resistance varied mainly as a result of changes in the battery temperature and charging current. The energy consumption was predicted with above 75% accuracy with a linear model. The operation factors were correlated and a novel second-order normalization method was introduced to improve the interpretation of the results. The presented models and analyses can be integrated to powertrain and charging system design, as well as schedule planning.
Variation in the Distribution of Hydrogen Producers from the Clostridiales Order in Biogas Reactors Depending on Different Input Substrates
Authors: Černý Martin , Vítězová Monika , Vítěz Tomáš , Bartoš Milan , Kushkevych Ivan
Published: November 2018

With growing demand for clean and cheap energy resources, biogas production is emerging as an ideal solution, as it provides relatively cheap and clean energy, while also tackling the problematic production of excessive organic waste from crops and animal agriculture. Behind this process stands a variety of anaerobic microorganisms, which turn organic substrates into valuable biogas. The biogas itself is a mixture of gases, produced mostly as metabolic byproducts of the microorganisms, such as methane, hydrogen, or carbon dioxide. Hydrogen itself figures as a potent bio-fuel, however in many bioreactors it serves as the main substrate of methanogenesis, thus potentially limiting biogas yield. With help of modern sequencing techniques, we tried to evaluate the composition in eight bioreactors using different input materials, showing shifts in the microbial consortia depending on the substrate itself. In this paper, we provide insight on the occurrence of potentially harmful microorganisms such as Clostridium novyi and Clostridium septicum, as well as key genera in hydrogen production, such as Clostridium stercorarium, Mobilitalea sp., Herbinix sp., Herbivorax sp., and Acetivibrio sp.