bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektifitas Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Wilayah Puskesmas Limboto Barat
Authors: Sudirman Andi Akifa , Modjo Dewi
Published: July 2022

Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) merupakan serangkaian intervensi khusus untuk membantu diabetisi dalam merubah gaya hidupnya sehingga menjadi patuh dalam manajemen perawatan diri. DSME diberikan secara berkesinambungan yang mengacuh pada pilar penatalaksanaan DM. Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya efektifitas  Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Limboto Barat. Metode penelitian pre eksperimen desain dengan jumlah sampel 15 orang, teknik pengambilan sampling dengan probability sampling. Analisis menggunakan uji dependen t-test/uji paired t test. Hasil penelitian didapatkan perbedaan kadar glukosa darah yang bermakna pada pengukuran sesudah pemberian DSME pada responden dimana diperoleh nilai p < 0,05 (p = 0,00), dengan nilai t positif (4,67) yang berarti pengukuran kadar glukosa darah sebelum perlakuan lebih besar dari pengukuran sesudah perlakuan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 sebelum dan sesudah intervensi penerapan Diabetes Self Manajement Education (DSME). Saran pada penelitian ini diharapkan penerapan  program edukasi (pendidikan kesehatan) untuk diabetisi diberikan dengan lebih sistematis dan berkesinambungan memuat materi-materi terkait dengan  menggunakan  media  dan metode yang menarik.
Qualidade e Inovação em Questão: a Visão de Docentes que Atuam na EaD da PUC Goiás
Authors: Andrade Pollyana Vieira de , Carvalho Rose Mary Almas de
Published: July 2022

Este estudo visa refletir sobre qualidade e inovação na oferta de cursos na modalidade de educação a distância (EaD). É parte de uma pesquisa interinstitucional da região Centro-Oeste, da qual participa a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC Goiás). O objetivo geral é abordar a compreensão de qualidade e inovação presentes nas instituições de ensino superior na região Centro-Oeste, de modo especial a contribuição da PUC Goiás enquanto participante nesta pesquisa. A metodologia adotada teve a abordagem qualitativa de coleta de dados, do tipo bibliográfica, documental, de estudos de casos múltiplos de natureza empírica para comparação das percepções de diversos atores envolvidos com a EaD. Os resultados permitiram conhecer a visão dos sujeitos da pesquisa sobre qualidade e inovação e proporcionou o aprimoramento de questões relativas aos indicadores presentes no processo educacional na busca constante de uma educação como prática social. Constatou-se também que os dados coletados são de grande relevância, pois subsidiarão o planejamento da formação continuada de gestores e docentes acadêmicos da PUC Goiás, tendo como viés a concepção de qualidade e inovação na modalidade a distância.
Mídias Digitais na Educação Infantil: como as Pesquisas Estão Sendo Direcionadas?
Authors: Meira Natália Abinader de Santana
Published: July 2022

A pandemia da COVID-19 nos trouxe a necessidade de inserir aulas tecnológicas no cotidiano escolar em todos os níveis de ensino. Na educação infantil o desafio foi ainda maior, visto que muitas escolas não conseguiram se adaptar para atuar de forma virtual com alunos tão pequenos, apesar deles estarem muito ligados a tecnologia. Desta forma, começou a se pensar: será que as tecnologias digitais estão presentes na educação infantil? Quais são as formas de utilização mais aplicadas? Como as produções acadêmicas estão trabalhando a questão? Assim, este trabalho pretende identificar as atividades mais utilizadas na educação infantil, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica realizada no banco de dados Google Acadêmico. Analisamos 55 resumos produzidos no período de 2011 a 2021, sendo 5 para cada ano pesquisado. Os resultados nos mostram que apesar de haver um grande interesse no tema "mídias digitais e educação infantil", pouco se tem produzido sobre propostas de atividades e orientações práticas/formação de professores. Indicando que essas são áreas a serem melhor exploradas objetivando concreta indicação das mídias digitais no cotidiano escolar, promovendo um desenvolvimento de ensino aprendizagem mais efetivo e condizente com as necessidades que a sociedade demanda desde o início da vida escolar.
Algumas Contribuições da THC para a Compreensão das Apropriações das Tecnologias na EaD
Authors: Hippler André Luís , Oliveira Denise Cristina de , Araújo Cláudia Helena dos Santos
Published: July 2022

Este estudo teórico tem por objetivo apresentar algumas contribuições da Teoria Histórico-Cultural (THC) para a compreensão das apropriações das tecnologias na Educação a Distância (EaD). O convívio com as inúmeras tecnologias desenvolvidas ao longo da história humana se apresenta como usual para a maioria das pessoas, no entanto, mostra inúmeras contradições. Assim, para compreender as tecnologias e suas relações com o mundo e com a humanidade é imprescindível analisar historicamente e culturalmente o processo pelo qual se constituíram. Quanto à metodologia, considerou-se as premissas do Materialismo Histórico-Dialético em articulação com o universo da pesquisa Tecnologias e Educação a Distância, sendo realizada pesquisa bibliográfica em fundamentos teóricos da THC, tecnologias e EaD. Conclui-se que as tecnologias permitem aos indivíduos a apreensão e a apropriação da própria realidade e que a THC contribui para compreender esse processo ampliando o pensamento crítico, influenciando e moldando o comportamento humano por meio da cultura, em um movimento dialético na constituição de sujeitos em constante movimento e transformação, mas cujos estudos ainda carecem de mais pesquisas que permitam novas reflexões.
Tecnologias e Práticas Educativas na Educação de Jovens e Adultos: um Estudo sobre os Discursos dos Docentes do Instituto Federal de Goiás
Authors: Coelho Lenir de Jesus Barcelos , Araújo Cláudia Helena dos Santos
Published: July 2022

Este escrito integra um estudo que teve como objetivo investigar e analisar os discursos docentes sobre as tecnologias nas práticas educativas da Educação de Jovens e Adultos no âmbito da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica – EJA-EPT no Instituto Federal de Goiás IFG. O estudo foi realizado nos cursos técnicos integrados na modalidade EJA, ofertados pelo IFG, Câmpus Anápolis, a saber: Secretaria Escolar e Transporte de Cargas. O aporte teórico fundamenta-se na teoria crítica da tecnologia como construto social a partir dos pressupostos do filósofo Andrew Feenberg e outros estudiosos do tema. A abordagem sobre a EJA EPT teve respaldo de Miguel González Arroyo; Marise Nogueira Ramos; MadAna Desirré R. Castro, dentre outros. Consistiu-se em uma abordagem fundamentada nos pressupostos do Materialismo Histórico Dialético e teve como instrumentos de coleta de dados o questionário e a entrevista semiestruturada, direcionados a 17 docentes dos cursos investigados. A análise dos dados apontou para a predominância de discursos assentados nas concepções instrumentalistas e deterministas segundo as quais os usos das tecnologias são pautados no domínio das funções técnicas dos aparatos objetivando atender às inovações do mercado de trabalho.
Um Olhar sobre a Prática Pedagógica em Tempo de Pandemia: Ensino Remoto ou Educação a Distância?
Authors: Oliveira Danielle Roland Amaral Munhoz de , Batista Erlinda Martins
Published: July 2022

O presente relato de experiência aborda a realidade vivenciada no ensino remoto em tempo de pandemia pela autora dessa narrativa no contexto de uma escola pública municipal de Campo Grande MS, no período de 2020 a 2021. A prática pedagógica em modelo remoto quase se confunde com a modalidade da educação a distância, se não fosse pela falta de um preparo para esse tipo de ensino. A educação a distância por ter estruturação já contemplada no artigo 80 da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional e ter sido objeto de pesquisas como a de FONSECA (2020), entre outras, sugere ser a modalidade adequada para a educação em tempos difíceis como o da pandemia. Todavia, os resultados observados com o uso do ensino remoto possibilitam a reflexão e leva à conclusão de que a despeito de todas as discussões sobre as bases filosóficas, da inovação e de qualidade na EaD, tal modalidade requer ainda pesquisas; estudos robustos que preparem de fato toda a comunidade escolar para o ensino não presencial.
Levantamento Bibliográfico sobre Intensificação do Trabalho Docente no Ensino Remoto Emergencial: Primeiras Reflexões
Authors: Barcelos Lorena Bernardes , Silveira Vagner Reis da
Published: July 2022

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados do levantamento bibliográfico realizado no Portal de Periódico Capes, das publicações sobre a intensificação do trabalho docente durante a pandemia SARS CoV-2. A coleta de dados ocorreu a partir da combinação de descritores pelos operadores booleanos, contemplando as publicações entre 2020 e 2022, período de vigência do Ensino Remoto Emergencial. Observou-se que, no Portal Capes, a maior parte dos trabalhos disponíveis versa sobre outros aspectos relativos à Educação durante a pandemia, tais como o uso de tecnologias digitais, currículo, estágio supervisionado, avaliação, etc. Foram selecionados 10 trabalhos que tratam, especificamente, da intensificação do trabalho docente no ERE, cujos autores vinculam-se, majoritariamente, a instituições públicas de educação superior nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. O levantamento realizado corrobora com a pertinência da pesquisa à qual está inserido, aludindo, ainda, à necessidade de outros estudos sobre o ERE e todas as lacunas que emergiram com este arranjo educacional, seja na infraestrutura de tecnologia, na formação docente ou na adequação dos materiais didáticos, dentre outros aspectos que vão além da não-presencialidade.
Educação Ambiental em uma Escola de Tempo e Educação Integral no Período de Pandemia (Covid-19)
Authors: Fonseca Michelle Julieny R. , Fonseca Maria Aparecida R. da
Published: July 2022

O presente texto que, objetiva relatar o desenvolvimento do projeto de educação ambiental em uma escola de tempo e educação integral durante a pandemia da Covid-19, constitui-se de relato de experiência a respeito da formulação, análise e implementação do projeto Escola de Tempo e Educação Integral em Tempo de Pandemia: Ensino e Aprendizagem DA e para A Comunidade, com recorte no subprojeto: "A Escola te com(vida) a preservar, com ênfase nas metodologias e ações que direcionaram a implementação e o desenvolvimento do projeto e, do subprojeto em questão. Como resultado, constatou-se: a dinamicidade do conhecimento humano, a desigualdade social como a grande mazela existencial contemporânea, a efetividade de ações simples e eficazes no cuidado com o meio ambiente, mesmo em período de pandemia.
Pieno produktų gamybos technologiniai skaičiavimai
Authors: Damašius Jonas
Published: July 2022

Metodinė priemonė supažindina su pieno produktų gamybos technologiniais skaičiavimais, joje pateikiama informacijos apie žaliavų ir pagalbinių medžiagų pasirinkimą, technologinės procesų schemos sudarymą, žaliavų ir pagalbinių medžiagų apskaičiavimą, technologinių įrenginių parinkimą ir apskaičiavimą bei technologinių įrenginių darbo grafiko sudarymą. Knyga skirta studijuojantiems Kauno technologijos universiteto bakalauro ir magistrantūros studijų programas „Maisto mokslas ir mityba“, „Maisto mokslas ir sauga“, „Maisto technol
An Overview of Soil Moisture and Salinity Sensors for Digital Agriculture Applications
Authors: R. Shamshiri Redmond , K. Balasundram Siva , Kaviani Rad Abdullah , Sultan Muhammad , A. Hameed Ibrahim
Published: July 2022

Soil salinity and the water crisis are imposing significant challenges to more than 100 countries as dominant factors of agricultural productivity decline. Given the rising trend of climate change and the need to increase agricultural production, it is crucial to execute appropriate management strategies in farmlands to address salinity and water deficiencies. Ground-based soil moisture and salinity sensors, as well as remote sensing technologies in satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles, which can be used for large-scale soil mapping with high accuracy, play a pivotal role in precision agriculture as advantageous soil condition monitoring instruments. Several barriers, such as expensive rates and a lack of systematic networks, may hinder or even adversely impact the progression of agricultural digitalization. As a result, integrating proximal equipment with remote sensing and Internet of things (IoT) capabilities has been shown to be a promising approach to improving soil monitoring reliability and efficiency. This chapter is an attempt to describe the pros and cons of various soil sensors, with the objective of promoting IoT technology in digital agriculture and smart farming.
High Throughput Methods to Transfer DNA in Cells and Perspectives
Authors: Béatrice Colin , Cyril Couturier
Published: July 2022

Genome sequencing led to thousands of genes to study and their molecular cloning to provide ORF collection plasmids. The main approach to study their function involves analysis of the biological consequences of their expression or knockdown, in a cellular context. Given that, the starting point of such experiments is the delivery of the exogenous material, including plasmid DNA in cells. During the last decades, efforts were made to develop efficient methods and protocols to achieve this goal. The present chapter will first give a rapid overview of the main DNA transfer methods described so far: physical, chemical, and biological. Secondly, it will focus on the different methods having reached high-throughput nowadays. Finally, it will discuss the perspectives of this field in terms of future enhancements.
High Entropy Thin Films by Magnetron Sputtering: Deposition, Properties and Applications
Authors: El Garah Mohamed , Schuster Frederic , Sanchette Frederic
Published: July 2022

Surface coating is of a great interest to increase the performances of the materials and extend its lifetime. High entropy films (HEFs) become the hot spot for developing surface engineering applications due to their good performances. They are reported to have superior properties such as good corrosion, wear resistance and excellent high temperature oxidation. Various deposition techniques have been exploited to fabricate HEFs such as laser cladding, spraying, sputter deposition and electrochemical deposition. These techniques are known to be an easy process to achieve a rapid quenching. Magnetron sputtering is seen as the most efficient methods to deposit the HEFs. Different gas can be used to prepare the ceramic materials. Besides, the deposition parameters reveal a strong influence on the physicochemical properties of HEFs. Working pressure, substrate temperature, bias voltage and gas mixture flow ratios have been reported to influence the morphology, microstructure, and functional properties of HEFs. The chapter overviews the development of the recent HEFs prepared by magnetron sputtering technique. First, it describes the principal of the technique. Then, it reports the classes of HEFs followed by the effect of the deposition parameters on their different properties. Applications have been developed using some HEFs for biomaterials and machining process.
Geometric Properties of Classical Yang-Mills Theory on Differentiable Manifolds
Authors: Bracken Paul
Published: July 2022

Gauge theories make up a class of physical theories that attempt to describe the physics of particles at a fundamental level. The purpose here is to study Yang-Mills theory at the classical level in terms of the geometry of fiber bundles and differentiable manifolds. It is shown how fundamental particles of bosonic and fermionic nature can be described mathematically. The Lagrangian for the basic interactions is presented and then put together in a unified form. Finally, some basic theorems are proved for a Yang-Mills on compact four-dimensional manifolds.
Consumer Culture and Abundance of Choices: Having More, Feeling Blue
Authors: Roubal Ondřej
Published: July 2022

The defining feature of contemporary consumer culture is the escalation of consumption opportunities and the expanding space for choice. An unbridled and unrestricted range of products is part of material prosperity, rising living standards, and emancipation of human freedoms. The growing demands for constant consumer decision-making in an increasingly opaque environment of potential targets of choice exposes consumers to the risk of procrastination, passivity, and resignation, as well as psychological discomfort. The goal here is to contribute to theories of consumer behavior in the context of the psychological experience of choice under the conditions of the accelerated quantity of consumption volumes against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. While conventional offline shopping was drastically curtailed during the coronavirus crisis, freedom of consumer choice was maintained despite many proclamations to the contrary. I seek to provide support to the claim that freedom of consumer choice was maintained and often amplified during the pandemic in the online virtual environment of digital commerce formats. Freedom of consumer choice has merely been transformed into a horizontal level of application by the relatively rapid and fluid conversion of market activities into the cyberspace of a growing number of e-stores and online supermarkets, unconstrained by the physical space of shelves and counters.
Perspective Chapter: Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcer
Authors: Karanikolic Vesna , Karanikolic Aleksandar
Published: July 2022

Venous leg ulcer (VLU) represent a pathological tissue change in the form of a defect in the lower leg which occurs as a complication of chronic venous insufficiency. The prevalence of VLUs varies between 1.5–3% in the total population and 4–5% in persons over the age of 80. Venous ulcer is usually localized on the inner side of the lower third of the leg, oval, circular or irregular in shape. It is usually fibrous or covered with fresh granules that bleed heavily to the touch. It is very important to have a comprehensive clinical examination at the very beginning. Subsequent non-invasive and sometimes invasive tests may be indicated for diagnosis and treatment planning. Inadequate diagnosis results in inadequate therapy. The goal of therapy is complete restitution of the tissue defect and prevention of recurrence. The three basic elements of VLUs therapy are: local therapy, compression therapy and surgical treatment. If VLUs do not heal despite the application of standard therapeutic modalities, there are opportunities to apply new treatment technologies. The modern approach to the treatment of VLUs is based on the application of various biophysical interventions and medical devices.
Explanation of Non-Iranian Students’ Views on the Quality of Learning Experiences
Authors: Akbari Farmad Somayeh , Hashemi Masoumeh , Sohrabi Somayeh
Published: July 2022

Background: Learning experiences help learners achieve educational goals and are usually related to the educational context that occurs in teaching groups, teacher-student relationships, and teaching-learning activities. Objectives: The current study aimed to explain the views of non-Iranian students on the quality of learning experiences at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Methods: This was a qualitative study with the directional content analysis method. The participants were 12 non-Iranian students studying in the last year or before the last year in medicine, nursing, and paramedical faculties of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences who were randomly selected from non-Iranian students for semi-structured oral interviews. The interviews continued until data saturation. Results: After content analysis, 85 initial codes were extracted. Based on the relationship between the codes, 14 subcategories were obtained and placed into 4 main categories. The main categories were available resources, available content, learning flexibility, and the quality of professors’ relationships with students. Conclusions: Based on the results, the quality of learning experiences plays a critical role in effective learning. Paying attention to the experiences and viewpoints of non-Iranian students studying at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences is very important to improve the quality of learning experiences and attract non-Iranian students.
Maritime engine room simulator on-line (MERSol)
Authors: Ivanov Artem , Simkoniene Gintvile , Albayrak Taner , Melo Rodríguez Germán de , Koivisto Heikki
Published: July 2022

The STCW International Convention of IMO sets minimum qualification requirements for being a seafarer and is used in formal training of seafarers. A skills gap has emerged between traditional Maritime Education; the needs of the industry and seafarers ought to be able to apply increasing complex systems, regulations, and technologies especially when pandemic occurred, and traditional teaching method could not be used.
MERSol-project developed seven study modules followed with assessment study modules ensuring the level of the theory knowledge. All related new regulations are included and tested in these assessment modules. Specific software, Engine Room Simulator (ERS) online by modern technology and digitalisation is the main product of the project. The first tests of Engine Room Simulator online have just finished before the 2022 Maritime Transportation Conference and the first findings will be published during this conference. MERSol supports the uptake of innovative approaches and digital online technologies for teaching and learning online to ensure qualifications requirements to be addressed.
Designing and developing the study modules and assessment modules on a specific e-learning delivery platform allows cadets and seafarers to access the training program and learning materials over the internet at any time and any place. This is particularly relevant in the Maritime sector where seafarers are highly mobile and have less opportunity to take long face-to-face training courses whilst they are working. Primary target groups are new marine engineer cadets but also deck cadets and all mariners already at sea to update their knowledge of automation and digitalisation. Also, all European HEI and VET centres, together with maritime industry are target groups taking into consideration ship building and ports.
Human error analysis in dynamic positioning incidents according to the nature of the operations in progress
Authors: Sánchez Varela Zaloa , Boko Zlatko , Skoko Ivica , Boullosa Falces David
Published: July 2022

Human errors are known to contribute to incidents in the maritime industry. Although the dynamic positioning operator has to undergo a standard training schedule before becoming a full operator, human errors contribute to 20% of the incidents in dynamic positioning operations. This research aims to investigate which dynamic positioning operations have a more considerable percentage of human errors. With a 266 dynamic positioning incidents database, different offshore operations are classified and then cross-tabulated with the human causes, classified as either primary or secondary cause as described in the incident report. The results and discussion present that drilling and diving operations are significantly correlated with human causes. This study's results could help provide better directions for the training schedule, proposing simulator exercises based on these scenarios.
Analysis of the implementation of various forms of professional practice at the Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka
Authors: Šutalo Šamanić Valentina , Jardas Mladen , Hadzic Ana Peric
Published: July 2022

The paper presents the results of research carried out in the framework of the project PANDORA financed by the European Social Fund. In the first phase of the research, the initial state of implementation of professional practice at the Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka was analyzed in workshops with students, while the questionnaire filled in by employers analyzed the way professional practice is carried out in companies. Using both methods, limitations and shortcomings in the implementation of professional practice were identified and guidelines for its improvement were established. Based on the guidelines obtained, an attempt was made over a period of one year to improve various forms of professional practice in the Faculty of Maritime Studies. The performance of the various forms of professional practice was assessed through questionnaires completed by students after professional practice. The forms of professional practice assessed included simulator work, field work, practicums and navigation practice. The results showed that better assessment mechanisms for the different forms of professional practice were established during the observation period, as well as a stronger connection of the tripartite student-professor-employer relationship, resulting in a greater number of master's and bachelor's theses and research projects in collaboration with industry. It was also concluded from the positive student surveys that greater availability of professional practice in the curricula and reinforcement of a more innovative approach facilitated the acquisition of practical knowledge and skills by the target groups.
Perfil redox e inflamatório de agricultores expostos a agrotóxicos
Authors: Horn Roberta Cattaneo , Mayer Mariana Spanamberg , Wolkmer Patrícia , Tissiani Ana Caroline , Arruda Aimê Cunha , Azzolin Gabriela Bonfanti , Moreira Paulo Ricardo , Golle Diego Pascoal , Heringer Tiago Antonio , Alegransi Caroline , Koefender Jana
Published: July 2022

Durante a exposição a agrotóxicos ocorrem alterações fisiológicas no organismo humano, como o estresse oxidativo, caracterizado por um desequilíbrio entre o sistema de defesa antioxidante e a geração de espécies reativas. Os agrotóxicos podem ocasionar alterações inflamatórias, em algumas citocinas, que são essenciais para o funcionamento do nosso organismo. Neste contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o perfil oxidativo e inflamatório de agricultores expostos a agrotóxicos. Foram utilizadas amostras de sangue de 50 agricultores e 50 indivíduos não expostos a agrotóxicos (Grupo Controle – GC). Foram mensurados no plasma dos participantes marcadores de dano oxidativo e marcadores inflamatórios. Foi encontrada uma elevação nos níveis de TBARS (p<0,0001), IL-6 (p=0,03700), IL-8 (p=0,0011) e IL-10 (p=0,0011), diminuição da atividade das enzimas: SOD (p<0,001), CAT (p=0,0251), GPx (p<0,001), GST (p<0,0070), GR (p<0,001), GSH (p<0,0001) e BChE (p<0,0001) nos agricultores avaliados em relação aos dados do GC. Os agricultores demonstraram um elevado dano oxidativo, baixos níveis de antioxidantes e alterações inflamatórias.
Extraction of furfural inhibitor from biomass hydrolysate of rice husk
Authors: Piva Victor de Freitas , Melo Vanessa Souza Reis , Cabral Bruna Vieira , Lemos Diego Andrade
Published: July 2022

The production of second generation ethanol (E2G) has proven to be an alternative to non-renewable fuels, through transforming lignocellulosic waste into renewable fuel. In turn, rice husk has great potential due to its availability and composition. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel comprises a fundamental pre-treatment step, however, at this stage, the formation of degradation products (inhibitory compounds) occurs, among them, furfural, which cause negative effects on the viability of fermentative cells, making the production of E2G unfeasible. Given the above, the objective of this work was to remove the furfural inhibitor present in the lignocellulosic broth after the pre-treatment process, using oleic acid, through liquid-liquid extraction. The quantification of total reducing sugars in the hydrolyzate did not show significant variation between the pre and post extraction stages. Regarding the furfural inhibitor, in tests performed with a solution made in the laboratory, removal of up to 62.30% was obtained when the initial concentration was 5.00 g.L-1. With respect to the tests with the hydrolyzate from the rice husk pre-treatment, the maximum removal observed was 10.40%, but the initial concentration of furfural was 1.64 g.L-1. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using oleic acid as an extracting agent of the furfural inhibitor from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
The effect of Amine modification on siRNA delivery of redox-responsive PEGylated amphiphilic micellar nanoparticles for triple negative breast cancer therapy
Authors: Mehradnia Fatemeh , Alexander Cameron
Published: July 2022

We developed a set of methoxypoly(ethyleneglycol)-co-poly(N3-ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-N3PCL)copolymers with different types of amine linkers and investigated thecontribution of the introduced amino linker to the gene delivery efficiency ofnanoparticles. The nanoparticles were crosslinked from the caprolactone regionswith a redox-responsive linker. Formulation variables including Redox-crosslinkingand N:P ratio were examined to obtain nanoparticles with optimal size andhighest siRNA entrapment efficacy (EE). The nanoparticles were characterized byDLS, and nanodrop UV-vis spectroscopy. Nanoparticle size, polydispersity index and siRNAentrapment efficacy were found to depend on the all the examined formulationvariables specially the N:P ratio. The formulation with N:P ratio of 5 with56.13 nm in size and 92.24% EE was chosen as the optimal formulation.Controllable size, loading efficiency and releasepattern by redox-responsivity make this class of novel carriers a promisingcandidate for tumour targeted gene delivery applications. 
Empowered but endangered? An analysis of hegemonic womanhood in Indian gender advocacy campaigns
Authors: D’silva Keshia , Hakoköngäs Eemeli
Published: July 2022

This research examines digital gender advocacy campaigns in India during the 2010s. By employing thematic analysis and conceptual tools of the social representations theory into the analysis of 250 gender advocacy videos published on YouTube, we answer the following questions: a) How are dangers to women in India discussed in recent video campaigns? b) How is the topic objectified and anchored in multimodal narration? c) How is hegemonic womanhood constructed in the campaigns? The findings suggest that campaigns present two social representations of dangers with sexual harassment depicted as a danger for urban middle-class women and the issues of early marriage, lack of female education, and gender-biased sex selection as rural dangers. The primary solution suggested by the campaigns is to encourage women to actively claim their place in society, placing the main responsibility for changing the situation on women themselves. The secondary solution suggested is to encourage families to support girls and women. Thus, the analysis shows how social representations created by gender advocacy in India put responsibility on individuals and excuse social institutions from addressing inequality, while maintaining power relations and class disparities.
Ancestral acetylcholine receptor β-subunit forms homopentamers that prime before opening spontaneously
Authors: Tessier Christian JG , Sturgeon Raymond M , Emlaw Johnathon R , McCluskey Gregory D , Pérez-Areales F Javier , daCosta Corrie JB
Published: July 2022

Human adult muscle-type acetylcholine receptors are heteropentameric ion channels formed from two α-subunits, and one each of the β-, δ-, and ε-subunits. To form functional channels, the subunits must assemble with one another in a precise stoichiometry and arrangement. Despite being different, the four subunits share a common ancestor that is presumed to have formed homopentamers. The extent to which the properties of the modern-day receptor result from its subunit complexity is unknown. Here, we discover that a reconstructed ancestral muscle-type β-subunit can form homopentameric ion channels. These homopentamers open spontaneously and display single-channel hallmarks of muscle-type acetylcholine receptor activity. Our findings attest to the homopentameric origin of the muscle-type acetylcholine receptor, and demonstrate that signature features of its function are both independent of agonist and do not necessitate the complex heteropentameric architecture of the modern-day protein.
A high-throughput yeast display approach to profile pathogen proteomes for MHC-II binding
Authors: Huisman Brooke D , Dai Zheng , Gifford David K , Birnbaum Michael E
Published: July 2022

T cells play a critical role in the adaptive immune response, recognizing peptide antigens presented on the cell surface by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. While assessing peptides for MHC binding is an important component of probing these interactions, traditional assays for testing peptides of interest for MHC binding are limited in throughput. Here, we present a yeast display-based platform for assessing the binding of tens of thousands of user-defined peptides in a high-throughput manner. We apply this approach to assess a tiled library covering the SARS-CoV-2 proteome and four dengue virus serotypes for binding to human class II MHCs, including HLA-DR401, -DR402, and -DR404. While the peptide datasets show broad agreement with previously described MHC-binding motifs, they additionally reveal experimentally validated computational false positives and false negatives. We therefore present this approach as able to complement current experimental datasets and computational predictions. Further, our yeast display approach underlines design considerations for epitope identification experiments and serves as a framework for examining relationships between viral conservation and MHC binding, which can be used to identify potentially high-interest peptide binders from viral proteins. These results demonstrate the utility of our approach to determine peptide-MHC binding interactions in a manner that can supplement and potentially enhance current algorithm-based approaches.
Visualizing synaptic dopamine efflux with a 2D composite nanofilm
Authors: Bulumulla Chandima , Krasley Andrew T , Cristofori-Armstrong Ben , Valinsky William C , Walpita Deepika , Ackerman David , Clapham David E , Beyene Abraham G
Published: July 2022

Chemical neurotransmission constitutes one of the fundamental modalities of communication between neurons. Monitoring release of these chemicals has traditionally been difficult to carry out at spatial and temporal scales relevant to neuron function. To understand chemical neurotransmission more fully, we need to improve the spatial and temporal resolutions of measurements for neurotransmitter release. To address this, we engineered a chemi-sensitive, two-dimensional composite nanofilm that facilitates visualization of the release and diffusion of the neurochemical dopamine with synaptic resolution, quantal sensitivity, and simultaneously from hundreds of release sites. Using this technology, we were able to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of dopamine release in dendritic processes, a poorly understood phenomenon. We found that dopamine release is broadcast from a subset of dendritic processes as hotspots that have a mean spatial spread of ≈ 3.2 µm (full width at half maximum [FWHM]) and are observed with a mean spatial frequency of one hotspot per ≈ 7.5 µm of dendritic length. Major dendrites of dopamine neurons and fine dendritic processes, as well as dendritic arbors and dendrites with no apparent varicose morphology participated in dopamine release. Remarkably, these release hotspots co-localized with Bassoon, suggesting that Bassoon may contribute to organizing active zones in dendrites, similar to its role in axon terminals.
Metabolome and transcriptome profiling reveal regulatory network and mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis during color formation of Dioscorea cirrhosa L.
Authors: Yan Lin , Yang Haijun , Ye Qiang , Huang Zhihua , Zhou Hongying , Cui Dafang
Published: July 2022

Dioscorea cirrhosa is a plant that is used as a dye as well as in medicine. Many metabolites with pharmacological activity exist in the tubers of D. cirrhosa. However, little is known about the mechanism regulating biosynthesis in these metabolites. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome profiling were performed in four color tubers. A total of 531 metabolites, including 62 flavonoids, were identified. Epicatechin and proanthocyanin B2 were the key metabolites that exhibited high content levels in the four tubers. These metabolites were divided into nine classes with distinct change patterns. A total of 22,865 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptome analysis. Among these DEGs, we identified 67 candidate genes related to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and three genes that played pivotal roles in proanthocyanin (PA) synthesis. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the two modules, “MEblue” and “MEblack,” were two key gene sets strongly associated with phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. We also found that the plant hormone signal transduction biological process exhibited activity in the late stage of tuber color formation. Additionally, we identified 37 hub transcript factors related to flavonoid biosynthesis, of which 24 were found to be highly associated with flavonoid pathway genes. In addition to the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) genes, we found that the plant hormone gene families exhibited high expression levels. This study provides a reference for understanding the synthesis of D. cirrhosa tuber metabolites at the molecular level and provides a foundation for the further development of D. cirrhosa related plant pigments as well as its further use in the pharmaceutical industry.
What makes a house a home? Nest box use by West European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) is influenced by nest box placement, resource provisioning and site-based factors
Authors: Gazzard Abigail , Baker Philip J.
Published: July 2022

Artificial refuges provided by householders and/or conservation practitioners potentially represent one mechanism for mitigating declines in the availability of natural nest sites used for resting, breeding and hibernating in urban areas. The effectiveness of such refuges for different species is, however, not always known. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey of UK householders to identify factors associated with the use of ground-level nest boxes for West European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus), a species of conservation concern. Overall, the percentage of boxes used at least once varied with season and type of use: summer day nesting (35.5–81.3%), breeding (7.2–28.2%), winter day nesting (20.1–66.5%) and hibernation (21.7–58.6%). The length of time the box had been deployed, the availability of artificial food and front garden to back garden access significantly increased the likelihood that a nest box had been used for all four nesting types, whereas other factors related to placement within the garden (e.g., in a sheltered location, on hardstanding such as paving, distance from the house) and resource provisioning (bedding) affected only some nesting behaviours. The factors most strongly associated with nest box use were the provisioning of food and bedding. These data suggest, therefore, that householders can adopt simple practices to increase the likelihood of their nest box being used. However, one significant limitation evident within these data is that, for welfare reasons, householders do not routinely monitor whether their box has been used. Consequently, future studies need to adopt strategies which enable householders to monitor their boxes continuously. Ultimately, such studies should compare the survival rates and reproductive success of hedgehogs within artificial refuges versus more natural nest sites, and whether these are affected by, for example, the impact of nest box design and placement on predation risk and internal microclimate.
Animated Instructional Medium in Structural Foundation
Authors: Daradar Maricel
Published: July 2022

Complicated concepts in designs are difficult to explain in traditional media, such as still slides. Animation seems to provide an advantage in delivering a better rendition of these concepts. This study aimed to develop an Animated Instructional Medium in Structural Foundation, which could be used by Drafting Technology Students of Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Talisay, Negros Occidental and will serve as a viable instructional material in teaching drafting technology subjects. Specifically, it sought to design and develop an Animated Instructional Medium in Structural Foundation with the following features: animated, interactive, and quality. It also determined the acceptability of the project in terms of animation, user control, interactivity, and images. Moreover, formulate an instructional guide for using the project. Descriptive and developmental methods were used in this study involving one hundred forty respondents comprising architects, civil engineers, drafting instructors, and students for project evaluation. The findings of the study showed that the Animated Instructional Medium in Structural Foundation was rated highly acceptable in terms of technical features and very acceptable in terms of animation, user control, interactivity, images, and text.  An instructional guide was formulated to serve as an instructional medium for teaching basic structural foundations in Architectural Drafting. This study is beneficial to the BSIT Drafting students, construction foremen, construction workers, homeowners, instructors, and researchers.
Testing the Quality of Forecasting Using the Theils U Statistics for Forecasting the Production Capacity of Crude Oil in Iraq Until 2033
Authors: Mousa Mariam Jumaah , Rasheed Mustafa Kamil
Published: July 2022

Since 2004, Iraq has been living on crude oil revenues in financing economic activities, which made it captive to the fluctuations of the global oil market, which has mortgaged the capacity of the macroeconomic Iraqi at the threshold of crude oil production capacity, at a time when Iraq is losing its local economic efforts in harnessing crude oil to its advantage, especially since All exploration, investigation, exploration and other works are carried out with foreign efforts. The research sheds light on the production capacity of crude oil in Iraq until the year 2033 in order to review what the production capacity of crude oil will lead to after the entry into force of the global climate agreement. Which constitutes a new challenge for the Iraqi economy. The research assumes that the decline in the production capacity of crude oil after 2030 could be a motive for abandoning the heavy dependence on crude oil in financing the Iraqi economy. Several advanced statistical techniques were used in order to reach the accuracy of the required statistical predictions according to the (Theils U) statistic, and predictions were made inside in order to verify the predictive power of the approved statistical models, the data used for the period (2005-2019), the research found (survival of Iraq is a large producer and exporter of crude oil until the year 2033), the research recommended (investment in the oil sector in order to develop local production and diversify the national economy).
Prevalence, characteristics, and consequences of verbal and physical violence against healthcare staff in Chinese hospitals during 2010–2020
Authors: Jia Chen , Han Yijing , Lu Wenping , Li Ruofan , Liu Weizheng , Jiang Jianan
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This study investigated the characteristics of workplace violence (WPV) against Chinese healthcare staff and their casualties after severe physical violence (PV).

Methods

We scrutinized medical WPV incidents reported online and analyzed information on timing, location, violence, criminal incentives, and casualties following severe PV in China from 2010 to 2020.

Results

WPVs were mostly committed by young and middle-aged male family members of the patients, especially in the emergency department (49.1%), and mostly associated with dissatisfaction with treatment effect (28.9%) in general. High medical costs (62.5%) were the leading cause of verbal violence (VV), whereas men predominantly committed PV (OR = 4.217, 95% CI: 1.439–12.359) owing to dissatisfaction with the healthcare staff's attitude (P < 0.001). The victims were security personnel in most cases (81.1%). Nurses were generally more likely to experience PV (P < 0.05), while doctors were more likely to experience lethal PV (OR = 4.732, 95% CI: 1.42–15.772), which mostly happened in oncology (P < 0.05) and committed by visitors (P < 0.001). Slight injuries and mortality were more likely to be inflicted by being rejected for unreasonable demands and disappointed with the treatment effect (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Medical WPV has numerous reasons, locations, and diverse victims and offenders. Some severe WPVs have serious consequences. Therefore, it is recommended for the concerned authorities to adopt effective steps for appropriate legislative, security, and conflict-resolution measures.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Iodohydrins
Authors: Luan Shinan , Castanheiro Thomas , Poisson Thomas
Published: July 2022

Iodohydrins and corresponding ethers were synthesized by an electrochemical process using inexpensive and non‐toxic ammonium iodide. This transformation was applied to a panel of alkenes, giving products without the need of external hazardous oxidants, reductants or metal catalyst. This protocol showed a general efficiency to synthesize valuable iodinated molecules with yields from 19% to 90%.

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Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Tandem One‐Pot Construction of C4‐Difluoroalkylated Phthalazin‐1(2H)‐Ones
Authors: Yao Zhen , Yang Ji , Luo Zhenli , Ye Jianhan , Han Jiahong , Zhang Xin , Xu Lijin , Wang Peng , Shi Qian
Published: July 2022

Tandem one‐pot regioselective synthesis of C4‐difluoroalkylated phthalazin‐1(2H)‐ones from readily available hydrazines, 2‐formylbenzoic acids and bromodifluoroacetate derivatives under visible‐light photocatalysis is reported. This mild protocol provides straightforward access to various C4‐difluoroalkylated phthalazin‐1(2H)‐ones, and displays broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance. Moreover, this process is also suitable for the synthesis of C4‐trifluoromethylated and perfluorobutylated phthalazin‐1(2H)‐ones. The use of fac‐[Ir(ppy)3] photocatalyst and the introduction of an organic base additive are pivotal to catalysis.

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Anionic Co‐insertion Charge Storage in Dinitrobenzene Cathodes for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc–Organic Batteries
Authors: Song Ziyang , Miao Ling , Duan Hui , Ruhlmann Laurent , Lv Yaokang , Zhu Dazhang , Li Liangchun , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian
Published: July 2022

Highly active and stable cathodes are critical for aqueous Zn–organic batteries with high capacity, fast redox kinetics, and long life. We herein reportpara‐,meta‐, andortho‐dinitrobenzene (p‐,m‐, ando‐DB) containing two successive two‐electron processes, as cathode materials to boost the battery performance. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal that nitro constitutional isomerism is key to zincophilic activity and redox kinetics.p‐DB hosted in carbon nanoflower harvests a high capacity of 402 mAh g−1and a superior stability up to 25 000 cycles at 5 A g−1, giving a Zn–organic battery with a high energy density of 230 Wh kg−1. An anionic co‐insertion charge storage mechanism is proposed, entailing a two‐step (de)coordination of Zn(CF3SO3)+with nitro oxygen. Besides, dinitrobenzene can be electrochemically optimized by side group regulation via implanting electron‐withdrawing motifs. This work opens a new window to design multielectron nitroaromatics for Zn–organic batteries.