bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dimensions of the US-China Trade War
Authors: Zreik Mohamad
Published: May 2020

The Chinese Ministry of Commerce issued a statement Friday morning, July 6, 2018, confirming the outbreak of a trade war between the United States and China. The statement came after the United States imposed tariffs on many Chinese goods, in violation of international and bilateral agreements, and the destruction of the concept of free trade which the United States calls for following it. It is a war of opposite directions, especially the contradiction between the new Trump policy and the Chinese approach. The proof is what US Defense Secretary James Matisse announced in Singapore in early June 2018 of “the full strategy of the new United States, in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific,” where China was the “sole enemy of the United States” in China’s geostrategic region. Intentions have become publicized, and trade war between the two economic giants is turning into a reality. This paper will give an overview of the US-China scenario of trade war, then a focused analysis on the Trump’s administration economic decision regarding China, and the consequences of this decision.
Synthesis and crystal structures of β-[Be(DMF)4]I2, [Be(Pyr)4]I2, [Be(NMP)4]I2 and [BeI2(Lut)2]
Authors: Hohl Timotheus , Sinn Torben , Hoch Constantin
Published: May 2020

Four solvent complexes of beryllium iodide were prepared by dissolving BeI2 in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), pyridine (Pyr), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and 2,6-dimethyl pyridine (2,6-lutidine, Lut). Their crystal structures were established from single crystal X-ray diffraction. For [Be(DMF)4]I2 a new modification is reported (monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 12.491(2), b = 11.593(2), c = 15.310(3) Å, β = 94.7073(6)°). In [Be(Pyr)4]I2 (monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 17.8799(13), b = 7.6174(5), c = 18.2611(14) Å, β = 113.508(4)°) and [Be(NMP)4]I2 (orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 13.941(5), b = 15.754(3), c = 24.634(7) Å) homoleptic tetrahedral complex cations are formed, while the sterically demanding solvent ligand Lut yields a neutral complex with covalently bound iodine ligands [BeI2(Lut)2] (monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 7.8492(9), b = 24.265(3), c = 27.037(3) Å, β = 97.076(3)°). Their electrochemical stability with respect to their application as beryllium electrolytes for deposition of beryllium from solution is discussed.
A Model for Structured Information Representation in Neural Networks of the Brain
Authors: Müller Michael G. , Papadimitriou Christos H. , Maass Wolfgang , Legenstein Robert
Published: May 2020

Humans can reason at an abstract level and structure information into abstract categories, but the underlying neural processes have remained unknown. Recent experimental data provide the hint that this is likely to involve specific subareas of the brain from which structural information can be decoded. Based on this data, we introduce the concept of assembly projections, a general principle for attaching structural information to content in generic networks of spiking neurons. According to the assembly projections principle, structure-encoding assemblies emerge and are dynamically attached to content representations through Hebbian plasticity mechanisms. This model provides the basis for explaining a number of experimental data and provides a basis for modeling abstract computational operations of the brain.
Description of School Health Development Index (SHDI) in Junior High Schools in Buleleng Regency – Bali
Authors: Dharmadi Made Agus , Agustini Ni Nyoman Mestri
Published: May 2020

Synergism in the field of health and education is strongly needed and urgent in order to attain a comprehensive education goal of intelligent and healthy people both physically and mentally according to the mandate of the 1945 Constitution. Based on the observation in Junior High Schools in Buleleng, We found that there were a lack synchronization between vision, missions, and the planned programs in the schools, limited cleaning facilities, and an implicitly lack of healthy lifestyle of the school residents. This research aimed to describe the School Health Development Index (SHDI) at the level of secondary schools in Buleleng Regency in 2017. The sample of the research were obtained from 10 junior high schools/JHS (SMP) in Buleleng Regency. We used a method of quantitative description following observations, documentation studies, and interviews. Based on the result and discussion, we concluded that: 1) SHDI of SMP in Buleleng Regency was categorized as mid-low (0.62), with minimal value of 0.51 and largest value of 0.78. The highest index was obtained by SMP 1 Singaraja and the lowest index was obtained by SMP Bhaktiasa Singaraja, 2) most of the schools did not include healthy value explicitly in the schools’ vision and missions, 3) most of the schools operated limited number of programs on health and did not include written reports on their programs, 4) the condition of facilities and infrastructures were sufficient, there were several schools having no warehouse, and the food products in cafeterias were not controllable yet especially for the unlicensed food products (without BPOM logo), 4)  the school residents’ healthy lifestyle was good enough especially for the teachers and the students.
The Effectiveness of 8 Weeks Low Impact Aerobics and Yoga Combination Program on Body Fat Percentage among Obese Female
Authors: Irawan Roy Januardi , Anggarani Mirwa Adiprahara
Published: May 2020

The prevalence of obesity of adult women in Indonesia has increased recently. Obesity among adult women will lead to health problems such as diabetes until coronary heart disease. The aim of this quasy experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of the 8-week exercise program combining low impact aerobics and yoga on the percentage of body fat in women in 2017. The subjects of this study were 12 Unesa female studentss with criteria to have Body Mass Index (BMI) obese category with age 19-24 years. The effectiveness of the 8-week low-impact exercise program of aerobics and yoga on the percentage of body fat was measured using anthropometric methods with skinfold caliper techniques measured before and after the treatment of training programs. Based on the results of calculations using t test on the percentage of body fat then 8-week exercise program combination of low impact aerobics and yoga effective in reducing body fat with an average percentage decreased of 10.56%.
Hospital Fire Risk Analysis with Hazard, Vulnerability, Capacity, Risk Assessment Model
Authors: Phuspa Sisca Mayang , Rosanti Eka , Kamal Mustafal
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze fire risk level on the hospital in Ponorogo. Hospital is a community health service instantion should be kept away from fire disaster since many of the patients are vulnerable to become the victim. This research is descriptive – analytic with semi-quantitative approach. The scope involves 27 service units on Ponorogo Regional Hospital. Fire risk is analyzed by proportioning and scoring method of hazard, vulnerability and capacity identification result. The research results indicate 18.5% service unit of Ponorogo Regional Hospital has high fire risk. 59.3% medium risk, and 22.2% low risk. The existance of service unit with high fire risk is caused by hazard potential that does not well managed and fire protection systems that do not comply with the standard. The research result is expected to be used as reference in fire protection system improvement on Ponorogo Regional Hospital so that the fire risk can be minimalized.
Why do I Follow the Program KB?
Authors: Lette Arman Rifat
Published: May 2020

The behavior of mothers who want to become KB acceptor is interesting to be known and studied, considering the many negative views or perception about family planning such as: KB can disturb fertility, contrary to family planning, KB can disrupt health, the view that many children can bring a lot of fortune and etc. This study aims to Explores in depth the factors that pushed the mother into KB acceptor at clinic image of Pratama Citra Husada Kupang. Qualitative research with exploratory design and phenomenology approach. The main informants were mothers who became KB acceptor and supporting informants were the clinic head, BKKBN representative of NTT province and field officer of KB. Data collection is done by: 1. Observation; 2. In-depth interview. Factors that encourage mothers to accept family planning acceptors are: Do not bother to take care of children, Fear when pregnant again with close distance, Mother is in a state of urgency, Consider the child’s education forward, Child’s health is assured and affection to the child can be maximal, Experiencing Trauma in childbirth, To be more successful in the future, consider economic factors and for maternal and child health. Family Planning Program is beneficial for mothers, both physically and psychologically. Mothers who are not yet acceptor of KB need to consider joining family planning program because the benefits of family planning have been very proven in society.
Continuous Technical Guidance for Public Health Center Officer Based on Training Evaluation
Authors: Surtimanah Tuti , Ruhyat Ejeb , Subekri Trisno
Published: May 2020

Health promotion services at public health center is essential to support healthy behavior but still many officers did not have the competence and quality to conduct standard health promotion. West Java implemented health promotion training to 238 officers from 10 districts. The research objective was determining changes in participants’ knowledge and its implementation after training as a basis for sustainable technical guidance. Mixed methods design explanatory sequential as results from training analysis and in-depth interviews of officers. The results showed significant change in participants’ knowledge after training by district, no significant difference between districts and education level, and no significant increase in service coverage. Continuous technical direct guidance for officers by district officials and professional organizations is needed to strengthen service management, coordination, partnerships, integration and recording-reporting. Guidance through social media can be considered for use. Further training is needed to strengthen advocacy, partnership, evaluation. Participants were grouped into four as multivariate cluster analysis result of knowledge level after training and education level.
Evaluation Study of Health Promotion Hospital (HPH) in Muhammadiyah Hospital in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Tatang Emma Rachmawati , Mawartinah Tri
Published: May 2020

Health Promotion in Hospital (HPH) initiatives still run slowly. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of HPH at Muhammadiyah Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. The survey was carried out during March-April 2018 to 304 permanent employees in three Muhammadiyah Hospitals in Jakarta. Measurements include employee characteristics and self-assessment tools related to the achievement of HPH national standards. According to HPH activities, the results showed that the average knowledge of employees was good enough (5.6; max: 10) and good attitudes (29.6, max: 40), but low HPH activities (25.3%), and low involvement in HPH training (13.5%). The highest achievement was the “partnership” standard (68%), and the lowest achievement was “reviewing the needs of the hospital community” (50%). There were 56% of respondents stating the achievement of the HPH national standard in Muhammadiyah Hospital was good. The results of this study as evidence-based to design the priority of HPH improvement strategies in Muhammadiyah Hospital.
Efforts to Reduce Cigarette Smoke Exposure through Non-Smoking Area Regulation
Authors: Hidayah Taufiq , Hadi Hadi , Azinar Muhammad
Published: May 2020

Pollution caused by cigarette smoke causes health problems and even death in humans. Active smokers contribute to this. The number of smokers increases every year, including among the students. This study aimed to develop a Non-Smoking Area model in campus area. This study used quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. The population was every campus members in the Faculty of Sports Sciences, Semarang State University (UNNES). In the quantitative approach, a sample of 170 respondents was determined by accidental sampling technique. We used questionnaire as the instrument and the data obtained were analyzed by correlation test. We involved 10 respondents in Focused Group Discussion (FGD) to obtain the qualitative data. The results showed that 1) 25.88% smoked actively; 2) 91.2% knew about cigarette and its health risks; 3) 68.2% supported smoking ban regulations on campus; 4) respondents’ knowledge and attitude influenced smoking behavior; 5) promotional messages about the dangers of cigarettes on health must be campaigned in a communicative and effective language at a strategic location; 6) Written regulation from campus officials is critical to strengthen the implementation of No Smoking Area policy on campus.
The Acceptance and the Development of Renal Function of People with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Isroin Laily
Published: May 2020

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a silent killer disease. CRF disease is mainly caused by diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Patients with diabetes mellitus should be able to accept the disease so that it can control blood sugar and blood pressure. Sectional analytic study design to measure self-management that includes cognitive, self-efficacy, psychological, social and environmental patients which associated with decreased renal function, blood pressure and blood sugar. The study was conducted in dr. HarjonoHospital Ponorogo with a sample of patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus outpatient. Total sample of 42 patients with diabetes mellitus were taken by purposive. Analysis using chi square test and the magnitude of the risk factors using OR. There was a significant correlation between the level of acceptance of the disease with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and receiving negative disease risk 4 times the decline in GFR compared with positive reception disease. Patients with diabetes mellitus who can not control blood sugar normal it will be at risk of decreased GFR was 2.07 times compared with patients whose blood sugar normal and stable. Patients with diabetes mellitus GFR decreased by 3 to 5 degrees of 64.3%.The decline in GFR at level 5 hemodialysis patients require lifelong therapy. This will reduce the productivity of patients and social and economic burden to both family and government.
Study of Contraceptive Management in National Health Insurance Era at Central Java
Authors: Winarni Sri , Najib Najib , Martini Martini , Wijayanti Urip Tri
Published: May 2020

Healthcare facilities partners of BPJS have not been synchronized with registered healthcare facilities. Empty stock of contraceptives, excessive storage of contraceptives, and disruption in distribution chain are still seen in the last three years. The purpose of this study was to identify issues related to the management of contraceptives (planning, acceptance and storage). The research used mixed method (quantitative and qualitative approach). The samples were 30 first-level healthcare facilities in Jepara and Wonosobo regencies. There was no planning at provincial level because contraceptive planning activities was regulated by the central health office. Planning of contraceptive requirement at regency/city level was conducted by provincial health office. The acceptance mechanism in the Province involved inventory officer while at health facilities it was performed by Family Planning program manager. Observation of storage rooms for contraceptive in Jepara found that there was no temperature recording device, excess stock of contraceptive injections and pills, absence of thermometer in the storage room, non-functional air conditioning, no separation between storage of hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive, and there was no distance between pallet and the wall. Meanwhile, contraceptive storage space in Wonosobo has met the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).
Smoking as Risk Factors to Dry Eye Syndrome
Authors: Pritasari Alteriana Mydriati Sita , Faida Soraya Nur , Zulaikhah Siti Thomas
Published: May 2020

Cigarette smoke can damage the fat layer of the tear film lperoxidation. Dry eye syndromeis a cluster of disorders caused by an imbalance between production and excretionof tears, causing symptoms of discomfort in the eye. This study aims to related riskfactors smoke of dry eye syndrome. Analytic observational with cross sectional design,population of all visitors, officers and employees KAI Poncol station Semarang. Sampleof 60 respondents who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data about dry eye syndrome are examined using Schirmer I test, data on smoking were taken using a checklist.The data obtained were analyzed using chi-square test. Results of the respondentswho smoke and have dry eye syndrome was higher (80.6%) compared with non-smokers(25.0%). The results chi-square test p=0.000 (p<0.05), PR = 3.222 (95%CI:1.582-6.562).Smoke who risk 3.222 times higher chance of developing dry eye syndrome comparedwith do not smoke.
Variety of Anopheles mosquito in Salamwates Village, Dongko Subdistrict Trenggalek District, East Java Province
Authors: Yuniawan Farah Shabrina Amazida , Utomo Budi , Arwati Heny
Published: May 2020

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites from the genus Plasmodium and transmitted through the bites of Anopheles mosquitoes. This study was an observational analytic research by using adult mosquito specimens. The mosquitoes were caught using indoor net trapping and outdoor cow baited net trapping started at 18.45 to 24.00 for six catching times. Outdoor cow baited net trapping caught 61 mosquitoes from seven different species namely An. aconitus, An. annularis, An. barbirostris, An. indefinitus, An. kochi, and An. vagus. Human bait trap only trapped one species, An. indefinites. The most often caught mosquito was a zoophilic An. barbirostris, while An. indefinitus was the only spesies of anthropozoophilic mosquito and suspected as the malaria vector because they were caught using indoor human bait trap.
White Onion (Allium sativum) Extract as a Vegetable Larvicide in Blowfly (Calliphoridae) Control
Authors: Wahyuni Denai , Sari Nila Puspita , Hanjani Della Lucky
Published: May 2020

One way to control blowflies is by using chemical pesticides; however, it causes negative effect to human, environment, and other organisms. One alternative effort is to apply garlic as insecticide and larvicide to control infestation. The study aimed to investigate the effect of garlic extract towards the mortality of blowfly’s larvae and effective concentrations using LC50 and LC90. Ten blowfly larvae were used for each of these concentrations: 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, with negative control of 5 repetitions, observed every 6 hours within 2x24 hours. The Kruskal-Wallis test result showed a Sig value of 0.001<0.05, while Spearman analysis found Sig value of 0.001<0.025, which meant that there was a significant effect of increasing garlic extract concentration toward blowfly larvae mortality. Mann-Whitney test found Sig value of 0.001<0.05. Probit analysis showed LC50 and LC90 values were at 2.701% and 5.498% concentrations. 4% concentration caused the most larvae mortality. It is suggested to use garlic liquid extract to control blowflies.
The Impact of Bina Keluarga Lansia Program on the Quality of Life of Elderly in Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Perdamaian Teguh Kristian , Manus Widya Christine , Periska Septian Dewi , Steffiasih Ni Nengah Petra Ayu
Published: May 2020

Indonesian government, through BKKBN, has joined to promote healthy life in the elderly in the community. Bina Keluarga Lansia (BKL) programme was established to fulfil elderly need through a family-based approach. This study is aimed to evaluate the programme with the examination of the quality of life of its members, including the elderly and their family member. We used a cross-sectional method using WHO-QOL BREF questionnaire to assess the quality of life and another questionnaire to enlist the involvement on the BKL activities. This study was conducted in 2018, at four BKL groups across Sleman Regency. Further analysis was conducted with gaussian mix models to adjust for the cluster effect from sampling method. Our 103 respondents with 68 family members and 35 elderly generally have a good quality of life on four dimensions of WHO-QOL BREF. We found that BKL activities statistically significant associated with better QoL, especially in Social Domain and Psychological Domain. Activities that were specifically associated with better QoL was health education on elderly resilience and art/music activities. Other activities that show borderline association was business activities. BKL programme has shown an association with better QoL, thus any successful activities should be maintained or improved, and other less influential activities should be reviewed and customised with local needs.
Integration of the Maternal Death Prevention Program based on the Health Belief Model Framework
Authors: Rizqi Yuditha Nindya Kartika , Rubai Windri Lesmana
Published: May 2020

In 2015, the Health Office of Banyumas Regency records 7 cases of maternal deaths, 243 cases of infant deaths, and 41 cases of under-five deaths. Compared to 2015, maternal mortality increases in the first three months of 2016. This research aims to identify the causes of maternal deaths that occur in 2016 in Banyumas Regency using the Health Belief Model conceptual framework. The results show that the cause of maternal death in Banyumas Regency is the lack of antenatal services due to the lack of knowledge and awareness of mothers, social status of women in the community, availability of health facilities, vulnerabilities received, benefits of antenatal services, barriers to access to health services, and quality of health facilities and health workers. The problem solving plan is based on the HBM concept framework that can be prepared consisting of stakeholder advocacy, health promotion programs through counseling for pregnant women, programs to improve access to health facilities, and intervention programs for health workers.
The Model of a Second-Hand Goods Resale Exchange under Transactional Pricing Strategy
Authors: Iarmolenko Iuliia , Chornous Galyna
Published: May 2020

A modern effective business model involves the use of an appropriate pricing strategy. However, not only a short-term profitability matters but also long-term clients’ loyalty. The main purpose of this paper is to present a specific transactional pricing strategy for a second-hand goods resale exchange platform, which allows to avoid possible negative outcomes of being associated with consumer discrimination. Using simulation modeling approach, it was shown how customer segmentation combined with transactional pricing can help to gain higher profitability. The model is based on the work of intelligent agents that recreate the full product lifecycle. Changing the input parameters of the model, it is possible to simulate different scenarios of a company’s activity and market conditions. The model supports the inclusion of any number of products, while its intelligent agents’ methods are still flexible to replace with other techniques. The simulation model has shown that the use of transactional pricing can increase the profitability of a business, while keeping its clients loyal.
Racial Segregation and Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants
Authors: Murosko Daria , Passerella Molly , Lorch Scott
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) disproportionately affects black neonates. Other conditions that are more common in black neonates, including low birth weight and preterm delivery, have been linked with residential racial segregation (RRS). In this study, we investigated the association between RRS and IVH.

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort of neonates born between 24 and 32 weeks’ gestation was constructed by using birth certificates linked to medical records from California, Missouri, and Pennsylvania between 1995 and 2009. Dissimilarity, a measure of RRS indicating the proportion of minorities in the census tract of the mother in comparison to the larger metropolitan area, was linked to patient data, yielding a cohort of 70 775 infants. Propensity score analysis matched infants born to mothers living in high segregation to those living in less segregated areas on the basis of race, sociodemographic factors, and medical comorbidities to compare the risk of developing IVH.

RESULTS:

Infants born to mothers in the most segregated quartile had a greater risk of developing IVH compared with those in the lowest quartile (12.9% vs 10.4%; P < .001). In 17 918 pairs matched on propensity scores, the risk of developing IVH was greater in the group exposed to a segregated environment (risk ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.15). This effect was stronger for black infants alone (risk ratio = 1.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.30).

CONCLUSIONS:

RRS is associated with an increased risk of IVH in preterm neonates, but the effect size varies by race. This association persists after balancing for community factors and birth weight, representing a novel risk factor for IVH.
Evaluación preliminar de biomarcadores enzimáticos en caracoles de agua dulce (Pachychilus sp.) del humedal “Ciénaga de Tamasopo”, México
Authors: Cruz Santiago Omar , Ilizaliturri Hernández César Arturo , Mejía Saavedra José de Jesús , Espinosa Reyes Guillermo , Alfaro de la Torre Ma. Catalina , González Mille Donaji Josefina
Published: May 2020

Se determinó la actividad de la enzima acetilcolinesterasa (AChE), el rango de conjugación de glutatión s-transferasa (GST) y la presencia de malondialdehído (MDA), como biomarcadores de exposición a plaguicidas, durante dos temporadas (secas y post-lluvias) en tejidos de macroinvertebrados acuáticos (caracoles de agua dulce -Pachychilus sp.-) residentes del humedal Ciénega de Tamasopo (San Luis Potosí, México). Esto se acompañó con un monitoreo de los parámetros fisicoquímicos en agua del humedal con una sonda multiparamétrica. La actividad de los biomarcadores se determinó en la fracción S12 (fracción post-mitocondrial) de tejidos de Pachychilus sp. mediante métodos de espectrofotometría UV-Visible en un lector de microplacas. Se encontró una menor actividad de AChE (39,0%) y un mayor rango de conjugación de GST (28,5%) seguido de una menor presencia (25,0%) de peroxidación lipídica (MDA) en la temporada de secas en el tejido de los caracoles. Además, se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el rango de conjugación de GST con el resto los biomarcadores en ambas temporadas, lo cual es el resultado de procesos de desintoxicación en los caracoles. La actividad de los biomarcadores podría estar modulada por la salinidad regulando así la producción de enzimas antioxidantes y la toxicidad de los plaguicidas usados en las áreas agrícolas cercanas a este humedal. Los caracoles del género Pachychilus sp. pueden ser utilizados como como bioindicadores del estado de la salud de los humedales, lo cual puede derivar en el diseño de medidas de gestión para la conservación y manejo sustentable de estos ecosistemas.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF ANTARCTIC ACTINOBACTERIA AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
Authors: Santos Andrés , Núñez-Montero Kattia , Lamilla Claudio , Pavez Mónica , Quezada-Solís Damián , Barrientos Leticia
Published: May 2020

The extreme weather conditions in the Antarctic have exerted selective pressures favoring differential features in bacteria to survive this untapped environment (i.e., antibiotic molecules). Notably, higher chances of antibiotic discovery from extremophiles have been proposed recently. Althoughnew organic and environmentally friendly sources for helping in the control of plant pathogenic fungi are necessary, the information about anti-phytopathogenic applications of extremophile microorganisms from untapped environments is limited. In this study, we determined the antifungal effect of actinobacterial strains isolated from Antarctic soils and sediments. Co-culture inhibition assays and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination revealed that all Antarctic strains (x28) can inhibit the growth of at least one phytopathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum,Rhizoctonia solani,Botrytissp. and Phytophthora infestans. Additionally, new novel antagonistic relationships are reported. Our work establishes a precedent on Antarctic actinobacteria strains with the capacity to produce antifungal compounds, and its potential for developing new fungicides or biocontrol agents solving current agriculture problems.
Antimicrobial peptides, an alternative to combat bacterial resistance
Authors: Mejía-Argueta Euridice L. , Santillán Benítez Jonnathan G. , Ortiz-Reynoso Mariana
Published: May 2020

Antimicrobial peptides of higher organisms have been studied for the past 25 years, and their importance as components of innate immunity is now well established. The essential simplicity of their chemical structure, along with the lower likelihood of developed resistance compared to conventional antibiotics, has made them attractive candidates for development as therapeutics. The objective of this review article is to describe the current relevance, main mechanisms presented, and the uses of antimicrobial peptides as new therapies in the clinical area. The information used was mainly compiled from scientific articles based on a systematic review of scientific papers with data on human antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their different applications, searching without date limits and only documents in English and Spanish. Gray literature was accessed through manual search, and no restrictions were made involving study design for a retrospective study. Although these products have not yet been commercialized, they have advantages over the currently available treatments since they are not expected to cause bacterial resistance due to their three-dimensional structure, amphipathic tendency, and cationic character; however, the technique of peptide production is still new and is in the early stages of innovation of new molecules.
¿QUÉ IMPLICACIONES ECOFISIOLÓGICAS TIENE LA ACTIVIDAD NOCTURNA EN REPTILES “DIURNOS”?: UNA REVISIÓN
Authors: Lara Resendiz Rafael Alejandro
Published: May 2020

En esta revisión se resumen por primera vez los estudios publicados que documentan los eventos de actividad nocturna en reptiles considerados exclusivamente como diurnos. Asimismo, se describen y discuten sus implicaciones ecofisiológicas en ambientes tropicales y de altas latitudes desde la perspectiva de los intervalos óptimos de temperatura de actividad, umbrales de tolerancia, periodo de actividad, catemeralidad, hipotermia voluntaria y su importancia ante el cambio climático global. Finalmente, se identifican los aspectos que aún no han sido estudiados a profundidad en este campo de estudio y se proponen nuevas líneas de investigación.
DIURNAL FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF CRAB-EATING RACCOON UPON A PARADOXAL FROG, WITH A REVIEW OF ITS DIET
Authors: Ceron Karoline , S. Carvalho Priscilla , Möcklinghoff Lydia , Santana Diego José
Published: May 2020

The crab-eating raccoon is considered one of the less studied Neotropical carnivores, once its nocturnal and inconspicuous habit difficult observations about its behavior. This species is considered a frugivorous-omnivorous species, with opportunistic habits, feeding since fruits and invertebrates to other mammals and lizards. Herein, we provide a new report of predation by crab-eating raccoon upon a paradoxal frog (Pseudis platensis) and presenting a detailed literature review about its diet. We compiled a total of 14 papers published from 1986 to 2019, which eight studies were used to characterize the diet of P. cancrivorus. The diet of P. cancrivorus was constituted by 96 animals’ taxa and 35 vegetal taxa. Our record of predation upon a frog reinforces the known generalist and opportunistic diet of P. cancrivorus, besides it is the first evidence of cathemerality for the crab-eating raccoon in Pantanal and the first report of predation upon P. platensis by a mammal.
Prosthetic-restorative approach for the restoration of a severely eroded dentition
Authors: Brilhante Diego , Frasca Silvia , Botega Daniela Maffei
Published: May 2020

In the severely eroded dentition, full-mouth adhesive rehabilitation is particularly challenging because of the large number of affected teeth, loss of VDO, esthetics, and anatomy. This article presents a case report of prosthetic rehabilitation in a patient with generalized dental wear. A 32-year-old male patient presented with clinically significant dental wear affecting all teeth, with dentin exposure and short clinical crowns. A treatment approach with all-ceramic crowns and veneers was proposed. All-ceramic indirect restorations proved durable, aesthetic, and protected the tooth structure, restoring the vertical dimension of occlusion to a very satisfactory degree. Indirect restorations based on the new vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) can restore anatomy and function.
Expansão dentoalveolar com aparelho quadrihélice: um relato de caso
Authors: Pak Débora Ok , Carmona de Lima Anselmo , Lemos da Silva Nataly Nascimento , Jóias Renata Pilli
Published: May 2020

Introdução: A mordida cruzada posterior é definida como uma relação transversal inadequada entre maxila e mandíbula. Pode ter envolvimento esquelético, funcional ou dentoalveolar. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do aparelho quadrihélice na correção da mordida cruzada posterior dentoalveolar em indivíduo Classe I de Angle. Relato do Caso: Paciente de 15 anos e 7 meses de idade, sexo masculino, foi tratado com aparelho quadrihélice. O aparelho foi ativado em média uma vez por mês e o tempo de tratamento foi de 8 meses. Foram avaliados parâmetros clínicos pré e pós expansão da maxila. A análise dos modelos em gesso obtidos antes da instalação do aparelho e após o descruzamento da mordida permitiu avaliar a discrepância de modelos, a largura dos arcos superior e inferior na região de caninos, 1º pré-molares, 2º pré-molares e 1º molares, sobremordida e sobressaliência. Resultados: A distância entre 13-23 manteve-se constante de T0 para T1; a distância entre 14-24, 15-25, 16-26, 36-46 aumentaram de T0 para T1; e de 33-43, 34-44 e 35-45 diminuíram. O apinhamento antero-superior diminuiu de T0 (8mm) para T1 (7mm) e o antero-inferior diminuiu de T0 (3mm) para T1 (1mm). Sobressaliência diminuiu 0,5mm e sobremordida aumentou 0,87mm. Conclusões: O aparelho quadrihélice foi eficaz na correção da mordida cruzada dentoalveolar unilateral
Plants Used in Ethnoveterinary Medicine in Cows. A Review
Authors: EL MAHDY Cristina , POPESCU Silvana , BORDA Cristin , BLAGA PETREAN Anamaria
Published: May 2020

Through the regulations CE.834/2007 and implementing rules CE 889/2008, regarding the organic production the treatment with antibiotics in livestock are extremely limited. Therefore plants can replace medicines in treatment of certain conditions. The plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine are varied depending on area, but this review refers to plants existing in Romania identical to those existing in other areas of the world, some being used only in certain areas, others in areal extended, but it can be a start for farmers to seek natural remedies. There are 66 plant species which belong to a large number of families, but most plants belong to the family Asteraceae (11 -16.66%), followed by species of family Solanaceae (6.06%) and family: Malvaceae, Adoxaceae, Convolvulacea, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae with 3 species each (4.54%). Of the plants, 11 species (16.8%) are considered to be toxic and 18 (27.2%) potentially toxic but, have therapeutic effect in extremely small amounts. Regardless of the area, plants are used in the same treatments in different form.
Isolation, Serotyping, and Antibiogram of Salmonella Isolates from Raw Milk Sold at Retail Vending in Erbil City, Iraq
Authors: ALMASHHADANY Dhary Alewy , OSMAN Ardalan Abdulhamed
Published: May 2020

Pathogenic strains of Salmonella cause gastroenteritis in humans globally.This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonellain raw milk sold in Erbil city, Kurdistanregion, Iraq. A total of 470 samples were collected from retail vendors between January and June 2019. Samples were cultured on selective media followed by serotyping and antibiotic sensitivity testing by disk diffusion assay.The results revealed that the overall prevalence of Salmonella was 7.9%. The isolates belonged to nine (9) different serotypes: S.Typhimurium 18.9%, S.Anatum 10.8%, S.Muenchen 13.6%, S.Enteritidis 10.8%, S.Senftenberg 8.1%, S. Newport 10.8%, S. Arizona 10.8%, S. Montevideo 8.1%, and S.Dublin 8.1%. The antibiotic resistance profile revealed that 67.6%, 62.2%, 56.8%,and 56.8% of isolates were resistant to levofloxacin, streptomycin, imipenem, and tetracycline respectively. This resistance among Salmonella maypose a public health threat that needs activesafety measures and response.
A Study of Ethno-Veterinary Medicinal Plants and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities Against Bovine Mastitis Isolated Bacterial Pathogens in Algeria
Authors: SAIDI Radhwane , MIMOUNE Nora , BAAZIZI Ratiba , BENAISSA Mohamed Hocine , KHELEF Djamel , KAIDI Rachid
Published: May 2020

Bovine mastitis is the most serious dairy problem in terms of economic losses to the dairy industry. In Algeria, dominates as one of the most prevalent diseases in dairy cattle among the dairy farms. Mastitis treatment with antibiotics leads to the development of antibiotic resistant strains and consumer health problem. Multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a major health issue. With new generations of virulence and resistant bacteria, we need to improve our understanding and produce novel techniques to control these pathogenic strains. In our study, the activity of several extracts from seven medicinal plants, namely Mentha pulegium, Lavandula dentate, Origanium sp, Marrubium vulgare, Salvia bicolor, Blackstonia perfoliata, and Phlomis crinita, traditionally used in Algeria was investigated against 26 methicillin resistant staphylococci and multi-resistant Escherichia coli. (E.coli) isolated from animals with mastitis manifestation by the disc diffusion method.Results revealed the potential of extracts of Salvia bicolor, Marrubium vulgare and Phlomis crinita as antibacterial agents against strains isolated from bovine mastitis and support the possible use of these phytotherapic agents in the clinical management of the disease. Further studies into their toxicity and phytochemistry are advocated.
“Rigoberta's Listener”: The Significance of Sound inTestimonio
Authors: McEnaney Tom
Published: May 2020

“[LOS INDIOS SON] LOS VENCIDOS POR LA CONQUISTA ESPAÑOLA, LOS QUE SE EXPRESAN HOY EN LA VOZ DE RIGOBERTA-MENCHÚ” (“THE voice of Rigoberta Menchú allows the defeated to speak”; Burgos-Debray, Prólogo 8; Introduction xi). This statement introduces thetestimoniorecorded on cassette tapes and then edited into print by Elisabeth Burgos-Debray:Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú y asi me nació la conciencia(My Name is Rigoberta Menchú and This Is How My Consciousness Was Born), published in English asI, Rigoberta Menchú: An Indian Woman in Guatemala.In order to hear that voice from January 1982, and to consider the important role of aurality in the text's production and later uptakes, one now has to visit the Hoover Institution, on the campus of Stanford University. Given that Menchú'stestimonio, a genre defined by the work of personal witnessing on behalf of a collective struggling against injustice, tells the story of her community's socialist fight against exploitative labor practices and government-sponsored genocide, it might seem odd that her voice has been preserved in the archives of a right-wing think tank in the United States, some of whose fellows provided support for the government Menchú spoke against. However, the Hoover Institution has long dedicated itself to an archival counterrevolutionary practice, collecting the voices, newspapers, personal correspondence, and other documents associated with the ideological enemies of the institution's current and former fellows. Moreover, the location of Menchú's tapes makes some historical sense. Many today will recall that Stanford University, the Hoover Institution, and Menchú were at the center of what has since been called the Rigoberta Menchú controversy (Arias), in which the text galvanized culture war debates when progressive faculty members includedI, Rigoberta Menchúon syllabi to diversify the curriculum. Right-wing pundits railed against the inclusion as an example of “affirmative action for books” (Dinesh D'Souza qtd. in Strauss) and denounced Menchú'stestimonioafter the Stanford PhD and anthropologist David Stoll revealed that it included several inaccurate statements.
Professional education among haemophilia nurses: a survey of current practices
Authors: Fletcher Simon , Chaplin Steve , Harrison Cathy , Juusola Kristian , Collins Norma
Published: May 2020

Background:

Guidance from the European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) sets out the educational milestones haemophilia nurses should aim to achieve. However, little is known about the resources nurses use for education and current awareness.

Aims:

To assess the current educational level of haemophilia nurses, how and where they access ongoing education, where they feel they need extra support, and how best this teaching could be delivered.

Methods:

Haemophilia nurses in the Haemnet Horizons group devised and piloted a questionnaire. This was distributed in hard copy to nurses attending the 2019 EAHAD Congress and promoted as an online survey hosted by Survey Monkey.

Results:

Seventy-five replies were received from nurses in Europe (46 in the UK), and two from nurses in Chile and the Philippines. Most described their role as ‘specialist nurse’, with the majority having worked in haemophilia care for up to ten years. Half had a nursing degree and one quarter had a nursing diploma. Three quarters had attended at least one course specifically related to haemophilia nursing. Almost all used academic sources, study days and the websites of health profession organisations as information sources. Most also used Google or Wikipedia, but fewer used Twitter. Patient association websites were more popular among non-UK nurses. About half attended sponsored professional meetings and three quarters reported that educational meetings were available in their workplace. A clear majority preferred interactive and face-to-face activities using patient-focused content.

Conclusions:

The study shows that nurses, predominantly in Western Europe, access a range of educational resources, most of which are ‘traditional’. Use of online sources is high, but social media are less popular than Google or Wikipedia. Further research is needed to explore the potential of new media for haemophilia nurse education, and whether the current educational levels and needs highlighted in the survey remains the same across the whole of Europe.
NCBI submission protocol for microbial pathogen surveillance v3
Authors: Timme Ruth , Balkey Maria , Randolph Robyn , Laxmi Gubbala Venkata Sai , Wolfgang William , Strain Errol
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE: Step-by-step instructions for submitting WGS microbial pathogen sequence data to NCBI and to the NCBI Pathogen Detection portal. SCOPE: to provide a standardized protocol for NCBI submission for use by any other laboratory submitting WGS data for species under active surveillance within NCBI’s Pathogen Detection. (This includes GenomeTrakr, NARMS, Vet-LIRN laboratories and other networks). This protocol covers the following submission procedures: Create new BioProjects BioSample/metadata submission Sequence submission
Households of Post-Soviet Russia (Institutional Analysis): 20 Years After
Authors: Nureev Rustem M.
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the development of views on households in neoclassical, Keynesian and institutional literature. It shows the advantages and disadvantages of each of these approaches. Neoclassicists do not distinguish between individuals and households. Keynesianism analyzed the investment and savings function of households, showed its role in the revenue and expenditure cycle. However, it did not rise to genuine political economy, since it failed to show the behavior of the main social groups and their inherent interests. Institutional economic theory takes a step forward by showing the dependence of households on the social environment. However, real households are limited in collecting and processing information. Moreover, given the differentiation of households, they possess these funds to varying degrees. The population explosion in developing countries has exacerbated the problem of poverty and has drawn attention to household economies, whose life expectancy has increased in Asia, Africa and Latin America as a result of a sharp reduction in mortality and an increase in life expectancy. A special section is devoted to the institutional change of households in post-Soviet Russia. It shows what succeeded and failed to achieve over the past thirty years
Institutional Reforms of the Waste Management in the Russian Federation
Authors: Tagaeva Tatiana O. , Gil’mundinov Gil’mundinov, Vadim M.
Published: May 2020

The current status of protection of the natural water and atmospheric resources is assessed as negative, without clear improving tendencies but with a stable pro-cyclical character. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said about the management of production and consumption waste. Even in the stagnation periods, the volume of generated and accumulated waste continues growing. In the year 2018, the first indicator doubled compared to the year 2005. Thus, the urgency of the research is augmented by the unfavourable ecological situation in Russia. The objective of the paper is to develop methodological approaches to the analysis and forecasting of the situation. The objective determined the following targets: to study the current state of the environment regarding the handling of waste, to develop premises to forecast generation and accumulation of waste, to assess the ecological load for the nearest future. Despite the active efforts to reform the waste management system undertaken since 2014, the Russian legislation is imperfect and contradictory in this aspect, not capable of stimulating the processing of waste. The principal contradictions of the ongoing reforms are considered in this paper
Mathematical Modeling of Aluminum Reduction Cell MHD Stability
Authors: Savenkova Nadejda P. , Mokin Andrei Yu. , Udovichenko Nellya S. , Pianykh Artem A.
Published: May 2020

The paper describes a mathematical model of magnetic hydrodynamics and heat transfer in an aluminum electrolyzer. The model takes into account three phases: gas, electrolyte and metal, and investigates their interaction. Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the aluminumelectrolyte interface is carried out depending on the potential distribution over the anode for the Soderberg electrolyzer and the multi-anode electrolyzer. A numerical study made it possible to conclude that the Soderberg electrolyzer is less MHD-stable than a multi-anode electrolyzer with burnt anodes. Calculations of MHD stability are carried out when changing the shape of the working space of the bath for various forms of accretion and skull. The interface between the electrolyte-metal media and the boundary of the reverse oxidation zone, which is determined by the spatial distribution of the gas phase, were calculated. The calculations make it possible to accurately predict the development of MHD instability in the bath under various conditions of the process, which minimizes the loss of metal current efficiency