bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RISCO DE ÚLCERAS DE MEMBROS INFERIORES NOS DIABÉTICOS DE UM AMBULATÓRIO UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Pires Micali Ana Carolina , Ravazzani Ana , De Lemos Daniele , Santos Luiza D. E. , Guerra Maria I. M.
Published: October 2016

OBJETIVO: Estratificar o risco de ulceração de membros inferiores em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 do Ambulatório de Endocrinologia da Santa Casa de Misericóidia de Curitiba – PR. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta por 100 pacientes diabéticos e maiores de 18 anos, submetidos a um questionário  e ao exame físico dos pés, para a verificação de Fatores de Risco para ulceração, Presença de Sinais e Sintomas Neuropáticos, verificação de Perda da Sensibilidade Protetora (PSP) e Doença Arterial Periférica (DAP). A partir destes dados, calculou-se a estratificação do risco de ulceração e avaliou-se a correlação das variáveis sexo, idade, tempo de doença, tipo de terapia, presença de outras complicações crônicas e controle do diabetes (DM) com esta estratificação de risco. RESULTADOS: 26% dos pacientes apresentaram PSP e 63% risco de DAP. Além disso, 15% apresentaram risco 3 (alto risco) e 23 % risco 2 (risco moderado). Houve correlação positiva entre a estratificação do risco e a presença de outras complicações crônicas do DM (p=0,003) e maior tempo médio de doença (p=0,009). CONCLUSÃO: 38% foram classificados como risco 2 e 3 para ulceração de membros inferiores (alto risco). Houve uma correlação entre a classificação de risco do pé diabético e as variáveis tempo médio de DM e complicações crônicas do DM, o que sugere a necessidade de acompanhamento desta população.  O exame dos pés faz-se necessário para quantificar o risco de úlceras de membros inferiores em pacientes diabéticos sintomáticos ou não, a fim de melhorar as estratégias de tratamento e prevenção desta complicação.
UMA CAUSA INCOMUM DE ASCITE
Authors: Longo Betania , Corrêa Bianca Bortoluzzi , Lagana Caio , Besen Debora Cristina , Robl Marcela , Schwanbach Felipe Wolff , Manosso Karina Zanlorenzi Basso , Pallone Sthefanie Giovanna , De Carvalho Gisah Amaral
Published: October 2016

RESUMOIntrodução: A ascite causada por hipotireoidismo é uma condição rara e sua causa ainda não está bem definida. Quando causas comuns de ascite forem excluídas, a possibilidade de ascite mixedematosa deve ser considerada e a função tireoidiana deve ser avaliada. Objetivo: relatar um caso de ascite mixedematosa. Relato de caso: Paciente feminina, 57 anos, encaminhada para abordagem cirúrgica de prolapso retal e uterino. No internamento, observada ascite volumosa e iniciada investigação etiológica. Constatado GASA de 2 e descartadas outras causas de ascite por exames complementares, foram solicitados exames laboratoriais para avaliação da função tireoidiana, cujos resultados foram compatíveis com hipotireoidismo (TSH >100 Ui/ml e T4L <0.4 ng/dl). Foi iniciado tratamento com levotiroxina e a paciente recebeu alta com normalização da função tireoidiana e evidente melhora da ascite. Conclusão: Em caso de ascite mixedematosa, haverá uma resposta importante após o tratamento do hipotireoidismo somente. A resposta ao uso de levotiroxina confirma a etiologia da ascite secundária ao hipotireoidismo.
O papel das Ligas Acadêmicas de Dermatologia na formação acadêmica: adaptando o ensino da Dermatologia aos tempos atuais.
Authors: Andreola Gabriel Martinez , Brenner Fabiane Andrade Mulinari
Published: October 2016

As Ligas Acadêmicas de Dermatologia são atividades extracurriculares criadas por estudantes de Medicina em diversas escolas médicas do Brasil. Aceitas como extensão universitária, as Ligas trazem tanto benefícios como riscos à formação médica. Como benefícios é possível citar a inserção do estudante na rotina da especialidade e em contato com a comunidade em atividades de atenção primária. Os riscos se resumem às participações em atividades inadequadamente supervisionadas. Na Universidade Federal do Paraná, a Liga Acadêmica de Dermatologia possui caráter acadêmico quanto aos objetivos de uma Liga e inovador no ensino, adaptando-se à rotina do estudante.
INTOXICAÇÃO POR CALCITRIOL APÓS TRATAMENTO DE HIPOPARATIREOIDISMO TRANSITÓRIO
Authors: Longo Betania , Corrêa Bianca Bortoluzzi , Lagana Caio , Robl Marcela , Besen Debora Cristina , Manosso Karina Zanlorenzi Basso , Pallone Sthefanie Giovanna , Schwanbach Felipe Wolff , De Carvalho Gisah Amaral
Published: October 2016

RESUMOIntrodução: A toxicidade da vitamina D é extremamente rara e potencialmente grave. As características clínicas da hipervitaminose D são decorrentes, principalmente, da hipercalcemia. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de intoxicação por calcitriol. Relato de caso: MH, sexo feminino, 50 anos, em acompanhamento no serviço de endocrinologia e metabologia do HC-UFPR devido bócio multinodular (BMN) tóxico, sendo iniciado tratamento com tapazol. Encaminhada para tireoidectomia total pelo serviço de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço do HC-UFPR, realizada em novembro de 2015. Anátomo-patológico com ausência de malignidade. Evoluiu, no pós operatório, com hipoparatireoidismo e hipocalcemia grave sintomática (PTH < 5,00ng/ml e cálcio total de 6,2 mg/dl), necessitando reposição de gluconato de cálcio endovenoso por vários dias. Recebeu alta hospitalar no 19º dia de pós operatório com cálcio total de 8,2mg/dl e prescrição de calcitriol 0,25mcg 6 comprimidos (cp) ao dia, carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3) 500mg 8 cp ao dia e vitamina D3 15.000U/semana e retorno ambulatorial em 2 semanas. Paciente retornou em consulta três meses após, com queixa de náuseas, vômitos, hiporexia e perda de 5,8kg em dois meses, apresentando sinais de desidratação ao exame físico e, em uso de calcitriol 0,25mcg 6 cp ao dia e CaCO3 500mg 2 cp ao dia. Cálcio total no retorno de 11,4mg/dl, PTH < 5,00pg/ml, fósforo (Pi) 3,5mg/dl, albumina (alb) 3,9g/dl, creatinina (Cr) 1,5mg/dl. Suspenso CaCO3 e vitamina D, reduzida dose de calcitriol para 2 cp ao dia e orientada hidratação via oral. Após 1 semana, relatou melhora dos sintomas, com cálcio total de 8,1mg/dl, Pi 3,9mg/dl, alb 3,8g/dl, PTH 10,70pg/ml, 25-OH-vitamina D 43ng/ml, Cr 1,1mg/dl. Mantida dose de calcitriol e reiniciado CaCO3 na dose de 1g/dia. Novo retorno em um mês, assintomática, com cálcio total de 8,3mg/dl, PTH 20pg/ml e 25-OH-vitamina D 41ng/ml, Cr 0,8mg/dl, compatível com hipoparatireoidismo transitório e intoxicação por calcitriol resolvida. Conclusão: Diante de um quadro de vômitos persistentes e hipercalcemia, na presença de hormônio da paratireódide normal ou baixo, o diagnóstico de intoxicação por vitamina D deve ser suspeitado e, a normalização de seus níveis alivia os sintomas e pode prevenir lesão renal aguda.
Cholecystocolonic fistula presenting as a lower gastrointestinal bleeding: Preoperative work-up, treatment options, and literature review
Authors: Dauer Marc J. , Serrano Oscar K.
Published: October 2016

Cholecystocolonic fistulae are the second most common choloenteric fistulae, yet only a small percentage are diagnosed preoperatively. This lack of preoperative recognition often leads to intraoperative discovery, leaving little opportunity for preoperative planning. Herein, we present the case of a 59-year-old male who presented with a cholecystocolonic fistula, manifested by lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Recognition of the fistula allowed for medical optimization and preoperative planning. There is currently a shortage of data on the ideal management of cholecystocolonic fistulae. We review the literature on cholecystocolonic fistulae and discuss the alternatives and controversies to the optimal management.
Predicting the Resiliency in Parents with Exceptional Children Based on Their Mindfulness
Authors: Jabbari Sosan , Firoozabadi Somayeh Sadati , Rostami Sedighe
Published: October 2016

The purpose of the present study was to predict the resiliency in parents with exceptional children based on their mindfulness. This descriptive correlational study was performed on 260 parents of student (105 male and 159 female) that were selected by cluster sampling method. Family resiliency questionnaire (Sickby, 2005) and five aspect mindfulness questionnaire were used as measurement instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficient and inter regression showed some dimension of predicted.
Increasing Creasing Transparency and Efficiency: An Examination of County Government Note Disclosures
Authors: Modlin Steve
Published: October 2016

Local government financial audits have provided increased transparency into the many transactions that take place over an entire fiscal year. In many of these cases, it can be determined if local governments have followed state laws, observed generally accepted accounting principles, and established proper internal controls. However, implementation of stricter state guidelines and more stringent accounting standards have not eliminated reporting errors. For these reasons, notes that accompany financial statements are not only useful for clarification and information purposes, but also to question various reporting aspects among statements. This study examines the fiscal year 2009 independent auditor findings among note disclosures in professionally administered county governments in North Carolina. Findings indicate numerous reporting problems within a majority of county governments ranging from employee retirement funding to inadequate insurance coverage and unexplained asset amounts. A more involved county manager, more internal staff dedicated to the audit process, and collaboration in auditor selection are all significant in reducing the number of note disclosure errors.
Public Administration and Lawsuit’s Resolution: A Case Study and Trends in Brazilian Judiciary
Authors: Araujo Thiago Souza , Orsatto Silvio Dagoberto , Rover Aires Jose , Dandolini Gertrudes A.
Published: October 2016

This paper aims to present improvements in Public Management on Brazilian judiciary. A qualitative theoretical-empirical study based on data sets and interviews provided by Brazilian Judiciary shows how specialization and multidisciplinary teams can affect the efficiency and efficacy in solving lawsuits. Innovations observed includes practices such as systemic view, multidisciplinary teams’ adoption - co-production - applied to the public service. It is also shown long term planning and preventive practices that tends to avoid public service demand. Better results emerged when applied both specialization and multidisciplinary work. In this period the organizational unit observed dropped convictions amounts to a quarter of similar sized units on average. This means that State saved millions of Dollars – presented in local currency – in State judicial convictions that may now be spent in other areas such as education or infra-structure. Lawsuit resolution timeframe reduced from 729 to 60 days on average, median from 665 to 11 days. These observed results evidences that a lawsuit with a specialized and multidisciplinary team is more likely to improve quantitative and qualitative results.
Bases para um Novo Sanitarismo
Authors: Gusso Gustavo Diniz Ferreira , Knupp Daniel , Trindade Thiago Gomes da , Junior Nulvio Lermen , Neto Paulo Poli
Published: October 2016

As reformas dos sistemas de saúde dos países da Europa Ocidental e Canadá na segunda metade do século XX inspiraram o movimento conhecido como Reforma Sanitária no Brasil. Esses países implementaram sistemas de saúde socializados integrando financiamento público e serviços privados, alguns originados da universalização do seguro-saúde (bismarckiano) outros da arrecadação geral de impostos (beveridgeano). Nesse processo, um dos fatores que mais evoluiu foi a contratualização, que permite a identificação de fraudes e promove a saúde no nível individual e coletivo em vez do uso indiscriminado dos serviços. No Brasil, a Constituição de 1988 lança as bases para um sistema universal de saúde financiado por impostos gerais que permite a ampliação de serviços privados sem regulação estatal, mas cofinanciados pelo Estado por meio da isenção fiscal e subsídios para servidores públicos. Nesse cenário, cresce a dicotomia, e a sobreposição entre serviços estatais e privados é agudizada.
Making Squares
Authors: Perkins Annie , Wells Pamela J.
Published: October 2016

To elicit creative student thinking, this open-ended problem asks solvers to measure as many squares as possible using a certain size of cardboard.
Finding math in reading and science
Authors: Brooks Lisa
Published: October 2016

Math by the Month features collections of short activities focused on a monthly theme. These articles aim for an inquiry or problem-solving orientation that includes four activities each for grade bands K–2, 3–4, and 5–6. This month's article considers one way to teach children to be lifelong learners: by applying problem-solving skills and a variety of math concepts at home, including time, measurement, basic operations, and fractions.
Writing Code to Assess Geometric Reasoning
Authors: Bolognese Chris A.
Published: October 2016

Engage students and promote thinking in a student-centered environment that is rich with technology.
Paper Plate Fractions: The Counting Connection
Authors: McCoy Ann , Barnett Joann , Stine Tammy
Published: October 2016

Try an activity that was designed to help third graders organize their thinking about rational number notation by connecting to well-established, whole-number routines.
Granular Media Filtration Maintaining Operational Control Systems
Authors: Pallwitz Scott , German Darin St.
Published: October 2016

Understanding filter operational control systems is critical to water treatment plant operation and maintenance.
Filter Surveillance Improves Performance
Authors: Martin Bard , Linder Kevin
Published: October 2016

Filter surveillance involves assessing a variety of water quality and operational parameters to evaluate filter performance as part of an ongoing, plant‐specific program.
Correlation Between the Acquisition of Resistance to Gemcitabine Therapy and the Expression of HuR in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Oba Atsushi , Ban Daisuke , Kudo Atsushi , Kirimura Susumu , Ito Hiromitsu , Matsumura Satoshi , Mitsunori Yusuke , Aihara Arihiro , Ochiai Takanori , Tanaka Shinji , Tanabe Minoru
Published: October 2016

Recently, several studies have revealed the usefulness of biomarkers to predict the response to chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Among them, human antigen R (HuR) is reported as a powerful marker for response to gemcitabine chemotherapy for PDAC. The present report describes a patient with PDAC who underwent gemcitabine therapy before resection and after recurrence, and HuR expression was examined at multiple stages. A 72-year-old man was diagnosed with locally advanced unresectable PDAC invading the common hepatic artery. After 9 cycles of gemcitabine treatment, a computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a partial response. He underwent distal pancreatectomy with portal vein resection. The pathologic assessment for response to the chemotherapy was grade Ib by Evans's criteria, and HuR expression was high. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level rose rapidly at 4 months after the first resection. A CT scan and needle biopsy revealed a solitary recurrence in the abdominal wall, and HuR expression remained high. After 4 cycles of gemcitabine and S-1 combination therapy, a CT scan demonstrated a partial response, and serum CA19-9 decreased. However, after 2 additional cycles of the therapy, a CT scan demonstrated progressive disease, and serum CA19-9 increased slightly. By laparotomy, an abdominal wall recurrence and multiple peritoneal dissemination were found. HuR expression in the biopsy specimen obtained during the laparotomy was decreased. Although gemcitabine therapy was reinitiated, the disease progressed rapidly so the treatment was stopped. In this case, a correlation between the acquisition of resistance to gemcitabine therapy and change in HuR expression was demonstrated.
Traumatic Brain Injury: Bolus Versus Continuous Infusion of 3% Hypertonic Saline
Authors: Parizh David , Parizh Ilya , Kuwata Caitlyn , Glinik Galina , Kopatsis Anthony
Published: October 2016

Hypertonic saline (HTS) is used as an adjunct in the conservative management of increased intracranial pressure; however, the ideal concentration or route of delivery is unknown. Our objective was to assess whether there is a difference in route of delivery, bolus versus infusion, of 2% versus 3% HTS in patients with traumatic brain injury. The study comprises a retrospective analysis of all patients who sustained traumatic brain injury resulting in increased intracranial pressure that required HTS from January 2012 to December 2014. We examined time to therapeutic serum sodium concentration greater or equal to 150 mEq; incidence of ventriculostomy placement and neurosurgical intervention for refractory intracanial hypertension; and disability burden among the different infusates and route of delivery. A total of 169 patients received either 2% or 3% HTS, given as a bolus or continuous infusion. Patients had an average age of 61.4 years; 100 patients (59.2%) were male and 69 (40.8%) were female; 62 patients were taking either an antiplatelet or anticoagulant agent. Infusion of 3% saline was associated with the shortest interval to reaching a therapeutic level at 1.61 days (P = 0.024). There was no statistically significant difference between placement of a ventriculostomy among the bolus and infusion groups of 3% normal saline (NS) (P = 0.475). However, neurosurgical intervention was less prevalent in those receiving 3% infusion (P = 0.013). Infusion of 3% HTS was associated with a more rapid increase in serum sodium to therapeutic levels. Neurosurgical intervention for refractory hypertension was less prevalent in the 3% NS infusion group.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol: Separating the chemicals from the “weed,” a pharmacodynamic discussion
Authors: Boggs Douglas Lee , Peckham Alyssa , Boggs Angela A. , Ranganathan Mohini
Published: October 2016

Cannabis is being increasingly used as a medical treatment for a variety of illnesses. However, the cannabis plant has more than 70 different phytocannabinoids with potential pharmacologic activity. Two of the most researched phytocannabinoids are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Evidence suggests CBD can decrease some of the psychomimetic effects of THC. This has led to the development of a new drug, Nabiximols, for the treatment of moderate to severe spasticity due to multiple sclerosis. A discussion of evidence supporting proposed pharmacodynamic interplay between CBD and THC is presented.
Medical mimics: Differential diagnostic considerations for psychiatric symptoms
Authors: McKee Jerry , Brahm Nancy
Published: October 2016

Patients with underlying medical disease can present to the health care system with psychiatric symptoms predominating. Identification of an underlying medical condition masquerading as a psychiatric disorder can be challenging for clinicians, especially in patients with an existing psychiatric condition. The term medical mimic or secondary psychosis has been used to describe this clinical situation. Diagnostic categories from The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, that may encompass medical mimics include substance-induced disorders, which includes medications, and unspecified mental disorder due to another medical condition in situations where the clinician may lack needed information for a complete diagnosis. At this time, there is no single diagnostic test or procedure available to differentiate primary versus secondary psychosis on the basis of psychopathology presentation alone. When considering a diagnosis, clinicians should evaluate for the presence of atypical features uncharacteristic of the psychiatric symptoms observed; this may include changes in functionality and/or age of onset and symptom presentation severity. The purpose of this work is to provide a structured clinical framework for evaluation for medical mimics, identify groups considered to be at highest risk for medical mimics, and present common syndromic features suggestive of a medical mimic. Selected case scenarios are used to illustrate key concepts for evaluating and assessing a patient presenting with acute psychiatric symptomatology to improve judgment in ruling out potential medical causality.
Acute psychosis secondary to suspected hyperparathyroidism: A case report and literature review
Authors: Park Sinae , Hieber Robin
Published: October 2016

Introduction:

Hyperparathyroidism begins as a benign disease that is often left undetected unless the patient presents with severe symptoms. Often, the first sign of hyperparathyroidism is elevation in serum calcium.

Case Description:

A 38-year-old man presented with new onset acute psychosis. Laboratory testing revealed co-occurring untreated hyperparathyroidism.

Discussion:

A literature search was performed using PubMed to identify articles published in English with the following key terms: “hyperparathyroidism,” “psychosis,” and “hypercalcemia.” A review of findings follows the case report. Despite a thorough literature review, any pathophysiological explanation for psychiatric manifestations of hyperparathyroidism remains hypothetical.
Biomarker‐Based Clinical Trial Design in the Era of Genomic Medicine
Authors: Simon Richard , Piccart‐Gebhart Martine
Published: October 2016

Overview

The increasingly recognized molecular heterogeneity of human cancers together with the growing availability of powerful tools providing “molecular portraits” of this heterogeneity require the development of new paradigms for the development of a reliable basis for “personalized” medicine. We review new approaches to the design and analysis of clinical trials for the development of “targeted” therapeutics and diagnostics to inform their use.
Suppression of Defects and Deep Levels Using Isoelectronic Tungsten Substitution in Monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Li Xufan , Puretzky Alexander A. , Sang Xiahan , KC Santosh , Tian Mengkun , Ceballos Frank , Mahjouri‐Samani Masoud , Wang Kai , Unocic Raymond R. , Zhao Hui , Duscher Gerd , Cooper Valentino R. , Rouleau Christopher M. , Geohegan David B. , Xiao Kai
Published: October 2016

Defects formed during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) currently limit their quality and optoelectronic properties. Effective synthesis and processing strategies to suppress defects and enhance the quality of 2D TMDs are urgently needed to enable next generation optoelectronic devices. In this work, isoelectronic doping is presented as a new strategy to form stable alloys and suppress defects and enhance photoluminescence (PL) in CVD‐grown TMD monolayers. The isoelectronic substitution of W atoms for Mo atoms in CVD‐grown monolayers of Mo1–

x
W
x
Se2 (0 < x < 0.18) is shown to effectively suppress Se vacancy concentration by 50% compared to those found in pristine MoSe2 monolayers, resulting in a decrease in defect‐mediated nonradiative recombination, ≈10 times more intense PL, and an increase in the carrier lifetime by a factor of 3. Theoretical predictions reveal that isoelectronic W alloying to form Mo1–

x
W
x
Se2 monolayers raises the energy of deep level defects in MoSe2 to enable faster quenching, which is confirmed by low temperature (4–125 K) PL from defect‐related localized states. Isoelectronic substitution therefore appears to be a promising synthetic method to control the heterogeneity of 2D TMDs to realize the scalable production of high performance optoelectronic and electronic devices.
Percolation‐Controlled Metal/Polyelectrolyte Complexed Films for All‐Solution‐Processable Electrical Conductors
Authors: Oh Min Jun , Kim Young Hun , Choi Gwan Hyun , Park A. Reum , Lee Yong Man , Park Byeonghak , Pang Chang Hyun , Kim Tae‐il , Yoo Pil J.
Published: October 2016

The use of solution‐processable electrically conducting films is imperative for realizing next‐generation flexible and wearable devices in a large‐scale and economically viable way. However, the conventional approach of simply complexing metallic nanoparticles with a polymeric medium leads to a tradeoff between electrical conductivity and material properties. To address this issue, in this study, a novel strategy is presented for fabricating all‐solution‐processable conducting films by means of metal/polyelectrolyte complexation to achieve controlled electrical percolation; this simultaneously imparts superior electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties. A polymeric matrix comprised of polyelectrolyte multilayers is first formed using layer‐by‐layer assembly, and then Ag nanoparticles are gradually synthesized and gradationally distributed inside the polymeric matrix by means of a subsequent procedure of repeated cationic exchange and reduction. During this process, electrical percolation between Ag nanoparticles and networking of electrical pathways is facilitated in the surface region of the complexed film, providing outstanding electrical conductivity only one order of magnitude less than that of metallic Ag. At the same time, the polymer‐rich underlying region imparts strong, yet compliant, binding characteristics to the upper Ag‐containing conducting region while allowing highly flexible mechanical deformations of bending and folding, which consequently makes the system outperform existing materials.
Amine‐Free Synthesis of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots for Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yassitepe Emre , Yang Zhenyu , Voznyy Oleksandr , Kim Younghoon , Walters Grant , Castañeda Juan Andres , Kanjanaboos Pongsakorn , Yuan Mingjian , Gong Xiwen , Fan Fengjia , Pan Jun , Hoogland Sjoerd , Comin Riccardo , Bakr Osman M. , Padilha Lazaro A. , Nogueira Ana F. , Sargent Edward H.
Published: October 2016

Cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have attracted significant interest for optoelectronic applications in view of their high brightness and narrow emission linewidth at visible wavelengths. A remaining challenge is the degradation of PQDs during purification from the synthesis solution. This is attributed to proton transfer between oleic acid and oleylamine surface capping agents that leads to facile ligand loss. Here, a new synthetic method is reported that enhances the colloidal stability of PQDs by capping them solely using oleic acid (OA). Quaternary alkylammonium halides are used as precursors, eliminating the need for oleylamine. This strategy enhances the colloidal stability of OA capped PQDs during purification, allowing us to remove excess organic content in thin films. Inverted red, green, and blue PQD light‐emitting diodes (LED) are fabricated for the first time with solution‐processed polymer‐based hole transport layers due to higher robustness of OA capped PQDs to solution processing. The blue and green LEDs exhibit threefold and tenfold improved external quantum efficiency (EQE), respectively, compared to prior related reports for amine/ammonium capped cross‐linked PQDs. The brightest blue LED based on all inorganic CsPb(Br1−xClx)3 PQDs is also reported.
A Self‐Forming Composite Electrolyte for Solid‐State Sodium Battery with Ultralong Cycle Life
Authors: Zhang Zhizhen , Zhang Qinghua , Shi Jinan , Chu Yong S. , Yu Xiqian , Xu Kaiqi , Ge Mingyuan , Yan Hanfei , Li Wenjun , Gu Lin , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Li Hong , Yang Xiao‐Qing , Chen Liquan , Huang Xuejie
Published: October 2016

Replacing organic liquid electrolyte with inorganic solid electrolytes (SE) can potentially address the inherent safety problems in conventional rechargeable batteries. However, solid‐state batteries (SSBs) have been plagued by the relatively low ionic conductivity of SEs and large charge‐transfer resistance between electrode and SE. Here, a new design strategy is reported for improving the ionic conductivity of SE by self‐forming a composite material. An optimized Na+ ion conducting composite electrolyte derived from the Na1+

n
Zr2Si
n
P3−

n
O12 NASICON (Na Super Ionic Conductor) structure is successfully synthesized, yielding ultrahigh ionic conductivity of 3.4 mS cm−1 at 25 °C and 14 mS cm−1 at 80 °C. On the other hand, in order to enhance the charge‐transfer rate at the electrode/electrolyte interface, an interface modification strategy is demonstrated by utilization of a small amount of nonflammable and nonvolatile ionic liquid (IL) at the cathode side in SSBs. The IL acts as a wetting agent, enabling a favorable interface kinetic in SSBs. The Na3V2(PO4)3/IL/SE/Na SSB exhibits excellent cycle performance and rate capability. A specific capacity of ≈90 mA h g−1 is maintained after 10 000 cycles without capacity decay under 10 C rate at room temperature. This provides a new perspective to design fast ion conductors and fabricate long life SSBs.
Sudden infant death “syndrome”—Insights and future directions from a Utah population database analysis
Authors: Christensen Erik D. , Berger Justin , Alashari Mouied M. , Coon Hilary , Robison Cynthia , Ho Hsu‐Tso , Adams David R. , Gahl Willian A. , Smith Ken R. , Opitz John M. , Johnson Dennis R.
Published: October 2016

“Sudden Infant Death syndrome” (SIDS) represents the commonest category of infant death after the first month of life. As genome scale sequencing greatly facilitates the identification of new candidate disease variants, the challenges of ascribing causation to these variants persists. In order to determine the extent to which SIDS occurs in related individuals and their pedigree structure we undertook an analysis of SIDS using the Utah Population Database, recording, for example, evidence of enrichment for genetic causation following the back‐to‐sleep recommendations of 1992 and 1994. Our evaluation of the pre‐ and post back‐to‐sleep incidence of SIDS in Utah showed a decrease in SIDS incidence on the order of eightfold following back‐to‐sleep. An odds ratio of 4.2 for SIDS recurrence among sibs was identified from 1968 to 2013 which was similar to the odds ratio of 4.84 for death due to other or unknown cause among sibs of SIDS cases for the same time period. Combining first through thid degree relatives yielded an odds ratio of SIDS recurrence of 9.29 in the post‐back‐to‐sleep (1995–2013) subset of SIDS cases where similar calculations of first‐third degree relatives for the entire time period of 1968–2013 showed an odds ratio of 2.95. Expanded multigenertional pedigrees showing enrichment for SIDS were also identified. Based on these findings we hypothesize that post back‐to‐sleep SIDS, especially recurrences within a family, are potentially enriched for genetic causes due to the impact of safe sleeping guidelines in mitigating environmental risk factors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ein wiederverwendbarer Cobaltkatalysator für die selektive Hydrierung von funktionalisierten Nitroarenen und die direkte Synthese von Iminen und Benzimidazolen aus Nitroarenen und Aldehyden
Authors: Schwob Tobias , Kempe Rhett
Published: October 2016

Die Nutzung von in großen Mengen verfügbaren Übergangsmetallen in Reaktionen, die bevorzugt von seltenen Edelmetallen vermittelt werden, wie beispielsweise Hydrierungen, ist eine erstrebenswerte Zielstellung in der Katalyse und eine attraktive Strategie zur Ressourcenschonung. Die Beobachtung neuer Selektivitätsmuster mit solchen preiswerten Metallkatalysatoren ist besonders ansprechend. Wir berichten hier über einen robusten und wiederverwendbaren Cobaltkatalysator, der die selektive Hydrierung von Nitroarenen in Gegenwart von hydrieranfälligen funktionellen Gruppen erlaubt, sowie über die direkte Synthese von Iminen aus Nitroarenen und Aldehyden bzw. Ketonen in Gegenwart solcher Substituenten. Weiterhin stellen wir die erste durch ein 3d‐Metall vermittelte direkte Synthese von Benzimidazolen aus Nitroarenen und Aldehyden vor. Funktionelle Gruppen, die leicht hydriert werden, werden auch hier toleriert.
Benign‐by‐Design Solventless Mechanochemical Synthesis of Three‐, Two‐, and One‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Jodlowski Alexander D. , Yépez Alfonso , Luque Rafael , Camacho Luis , de Miguel Gustavo
Published: October 2016

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted significant attention owing to their extraordinary optoelectronic properties with applications in the fields of solar energy, lighting, photodetectors, and lasers. The rational design of these hybrid materials is a key factor in the optimization of their performance in perovskite‐based devices. Herein, a mechanochemical approach is proposed as a highly efficient, simple, and reproducible method for the preparation of four types of hybrid perovskites, which were obtained in large amounts as polycrystalline powders with high purity and excellent optoelectronics properties. Two archetypal three‐dimensional (3D) perovskites (MAPbI3 and FAPbI3) were synthesized, together with a bidimensional (2D) perovskite (Gua2PbI4) and a “double‐chain” one‐dimensional (1D) perovskite (GuaPbI3), whose structure was elucidated by X‐ray diffraction.
A Dynamic and Responsive Host in Action: Light‐Controlled Molecular Encapsulation
Authors: Ryan Seán T. J. , del Barrio Jesús , Suardíaz Reynier , Ryan Daniel F. , Rosta Edina , Scherman Oren A.
Published: October 2016

The rational design of a flexible molecular box, oAzoBox4+, incoporating both photochromic and supramolecular recognition motifs is described. We exploit the E↔Z photoisomerization properties of azobenzenes to alter the shape of the cavity of the macrocycle upon absorption of light. Imidazolium motifs are used as hydrogen‐bonding donor components, allowing for sequestration of small molecule guests in acetonitrile. Upon E→Z photoisomerization of oAzoBox4+ the guest is expelled from the macrocyclic cavity.
A Reusable Co Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of Functionalized Nitroarenes and the Direct Synthesis of Imines and Benzimidazoles from Nitroarenes and Aldehydes
Authors: Schwob Tobias , Kempe Rhett
Published: October 2016

The use of abundantly available transition metals in reactions that have been preferentially mediated by rare noble metals, for example, hydrogenations, is a desirable aim in catalysis and an attractive strategy for element conservation. The observation of novel selectivity patterns with such inexpensive metal catalysts is especially appealing. Herein, we report a novel, robust, and reusable cobalt catalyst that permits the selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes in the presence of highly hydrogenation‐sensitive functional groups, as well as the direct synthesis of imines from nitroarenes and aldehydes or ketones in the presence of such substituents. Furthermore, we introduce the first base‐metal‐mediated direct synthesis of benzimidazoles from nitroarenes and aldehydes. Functional groups that are easy to hydrogenate are again well tolerated.
An evaluation of outcomes following the replacement of traditional histology laboratories with self‐study modules
Authors: Thompson Andrew R. , Lowrie Donald J.
Published: October 2016

Changes in medical school curricula often require educators to develop teaching strategies that decrease contact hours while maintaining effective pedagogical methods. When faced with this challenge, faculty at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine converted the majority of in‐person histology laboratory sessions to self‐study modules that utilize multiple audiovisual modalities and a virtual microscope platform. Outcomes related to this shift were investigated through performance on in‐house examinations, results of the United States Medical Licensing Examination® (USMLE®) Step 1 Examination, and student feedback. Medical School College Admissions Test® (MCAT®) scores were used as a covariate when comparing in‐house examinations. Results revealed no significant change in performance on in‐house examinations when the content being assessed was controlled (F(2, 506) = 0.676, P = 0.51). A significant improvement in overall practical examination grade averages was associated with the self‐study modules (F(6, 1164) = 10.213, P < 0.01), but gradual changes in examination content may explain this finding. The histology and cell biology portion of USMLE Step 1 Examination remained consistent throughout the time period that was investigated. Student feedback regarding the self‐study modules was positive and suggested that features such as instructor narrated videos were an important component of the self‐study modules because they helped recreate the experience of in‐person laboratory sessions. Positive outcomes from the student perspective and no drop in examination performance suggests that utilizing self‐study modules for histology laboratory content may be an option for educators faced with the challenge of reducing contact hours without eliminating content. Anat Sci Educ 10: 276–285. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
Cover Image, Volume 10, Issue 6
Authors: Ssegane Herbert , Zumpf Colleen , Cristina Negri M. , Campbell Patty , Heavey Justin P. , Volk Timothy A.
Published: October 2016

The cover image, by Maria Cristina Negri et al., is based on the Modeling and Analysis The economics of growing shrub willow as a bioenergy buffer on agricultural fields: A case study in the Midwest Corn Belt, DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1679.

image
Comparison of Video Prompting with and Without Voice‐Over Narration: A Replication with Young Children with Autism
Authors: Gutierrez Anibal , Bennett Kyle D. , McDowell Logan S. , Cramer Elizabeth D. , Crocco Christina
Published: October 2016

We compared the effects of video prompting (VP) with and without voice‐over narration on the play skills of two young children with autism spectrum disorder using an adapted alternating treatment design. The results showed increases in play skills when using VP with and without voice‐over narration for both participants. These results suggest that the difference in effectiveness between VP with and without voice‐over narration may be negligible for some children with autism. Implications for the use of VP without additional teaching strategies and the need for additional component analyses are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The unmet needs: How future technologies will address current limitations of bioresorbable scaffold technology
Authors: Abizaid Alexandre , Ribamar Costa J.
Published: October 2016

First‐generation bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS), represented by the three marked‐approved devices (Absorb BVS 1.1, DESolve NX, and DREAMS) have demonstrated, in low to moderate angiographic scenarios, similar efficacy to current generation metallic drug‐eluting stents. However, a trend toward more device thrombosis have been observed, especially when the scaffolds are used in off‐label situations. Among the main shortcomings of this novel technology, we highlight: (1) Increased strut thickness (≥150 μm) and crossing profile; (2) low resistance to overexpansion; (3) lack of radiopacity, and; (4) special storage requirements. In order to overcome these limitations and improve their acute performance and midterm safety, a dozen of novel BRS are currently under research, in different stages of development. In the present review, we address three of these new technologies, pointing out their innovative features and initial clinical results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metal–Organic Framework Derived Carbon Nanotube Grafted Cobalt/Carbon Polyhedra Grown on Nickel Foam: An Efficient 3D Electrode for Full Water Splitting
Authors: Aijaz Arshad , Masa Justus , Rösler Christoph , Xia Wei , Weide Philipp , Fischer Roland A. , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Muhler Martin
Published: October 2016

The growth of metal–organic framework (ZIF‐67) nanocrystals on nickel foam (NF), followed by carbonization in diluted H2, leads to a nitrogen‐doped carbon‐nanotube‐grafted cobalt/carbon polyhedra film on NF. The obtained material serves as a highly active binder‐free electrocatalyst for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), enabling high‐performance alkaline (0.1 m KOH) water electrolysis with potentials of 1.62 and 0.24 V, respectively, at OER and HER current densities of 10 mA cm−2.
Preparation of Functional Alternating Polymer Brushes and Their Orthogonal Surface Modification through Microcontact Printing
Authors: Buhl Moritz , Tesch Matthias , Lamping Sebastian , Moratz Johanna , Studer Armido , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: October 2016

This paper reports microcontact printing (μCP) to immobilize an alkoxyamine initiator (regulator) on glass and silicon substrates and subsequent surface‐initiated alternating nitroxide‐mediated copolymerization (siNMP) of hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate (HFIPA) and 7‐octenylvinyl ether (OVE). The resulting patterned polymer brushes are analyzed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, site‐specific post‐functionalization of the alternating polymer brushes by applying two orthogonal surface reactions is achieved with thiols and amines through μCP. The versatility of this post‐polymerization modification approach is demonstrated by site‐selective immobilization of small organic molecules, fluorophores, and ligands providing a binary bioactive surface. The successful side‐by‐side orthogonal immobilization is verified by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence microscopy.
Total Synthesis of Dansylated Park's Nucleotide for High‐Throughput MraY Assays
Authors: Wohnig Stephanie , Spork Anatol P. , Koppermann Stefan , Mieskes Gottfried , Gisch Nicolas , Jahn Reinhard , Ducho Christian
Published: October 2016

The membrane protein translocase I (MraY) is a key enzyme in bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. It is therefore frequently discussed as a target for the development of novel antibiotics. The screening of compound libraries for the identification of MraY inhibitors is enabled by an established fluorescence‐based MraY assay. However, this assay requires a dansylated derivative of the bacterial biosynthetic intermediate Park's nucleotide as the MraY substrate. Isolation of Park's nucleotide from bacteria and subsequent dansylation only furnishes limited amounts of this substrate, thus hampering the high‐throughput screening for MraY inhibitors. Accordingly, the efficient provision of dansylated Park's nucleotide is a major bottleneck in the exploration of this promising drug target. In this work, we present the first total synthesis of dansylated Park's nucleotide, affording an unprecedented amount of the target compound for high‐throughput MraY assays.
Expedient and Diastereodivergent Assembly of Terpenoid Decalin Subunits having Quaternary Stereocenters through Organocatalytic Robinson Annulation of Nazarov Reagent
Authors: Berkes Barbara , Ozsváth Kristóf , Molnár Laura , Gáti Tamás , Holczbauer Tamás , Kardos György , Soós Tibor
Published: October 2016

We report an expedient approach to highly functionalized cis‐ and trans‐decalines that could function as key structural subunits toward the synthesis of various classes of terpenoids. Key to the strategy is an organocatalyzed Robinson annulation reaction of the Nazarov reagent that affords chiral enone building blocks with high enantioselectivities. The quaternary carbon stereogenic center can direct the subsequent reactions and allow the rapid and diastereoconvergent assembly of complex decalines with contiguous stereocenters.
Three Short Stories about Hexaarylbenzene–Porphyrin Scaffolds
Authors: Lungerich Dominik , Hitzenberger Jakob F. , Donaubauer Wolfgang , Drewello Thomas , Jux Norbert
Published: October 2016

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Thomas Drewello and Norbert Jux at the University Friedrich‐Alexander in Erlangen. The image depicts hexaarylbenzene‐porphyrin conjugates as fascinating functional dyes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201603789.
Divergent Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Asymmetrical‐Core‐Fucosylated and Core‐Unmodified N‐Glycans
Authors: Li Tiehai , Huang Min , Liu Lin , Wang Shuo , Moremen Kelley W. , Boons Geert‐Jan
Published: October 2016

A divergent chemoenzymaytic approach for the preparation of core‐fucosylated and core‐unmodified asymmetrical N‐glycans from a common advances precursor is described. An undecasaccharide was synthesized by sequential chemical glycosylations of an orthogonally protected core fucosylated hexasaccharide that is common to all mammalian core fucosylated N‐glycans. Antennae‐selective enzymatic extension of the undecasaccharide using a panel of glycosyl transferases afforded core fucosylated asymmetrical triantennary N‐glycan isomers, which are potential biomarkers for breast cancer. A unique aspect of our approach is that a fucosidase (FucA1) has been identified that selectively can cleave a core‐fucoside without affecting the fucoside of a sialyl LewisX epitope to give easy access to core‐unmodified compounds.
The Total Synthesis of Epothilone D as a Yardstick for Probing New Methodologies
Authors: Haydl Alexander M. , Breit Bernhard
Published: October 2016

Here, a concise and highly convergent synthesis of epothilone D was investigated, relying on fragments of equal complexity that could be prepared in gram scale quantities. The strategy to construct the fragments includes the use of a previously reported enantiospecific zinc‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of an α‐hydroxy ester triflate with a Grignard reagent, the application of a hydroboration/boron–magnesium exchange sequence for the rapid construction of the Z‐substituted trisubstituted double bond present in the natural product, and a Noyori‐type hydrogenation to install the β‐hydroxy ester moiety of the southern part. The key to success is the diastereoselective head‐to‐tail macrolactonization by an intramolecular addition of the corresponding ω‐alkynyl‐substituted carboxylic acids to construct a new stereocenter in the macrocyclic core structure in one single step.
Highly enantioselective Michael addition of cyclohexanone to nitroolefins catalyzed by pyrrolidine‐based bifunctional benzoylthiourea in water
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Yu , Ban Shu‐Rong , Yang Meng‐Chen , Li Qing‐Shan
Published: October 2016

Organocatalysis and aqueous reactions are identified as the focus of the greening of chemistry. Combining these two strategies effectively remains an interesting challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, we used pyrrolidine‐based benzoylthiourea1cto catalyze the asymmetric Michael addition of cyclohexanone to various nitroolefins in water to afford the corresponding compounds in moderate to good yields, and with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >99:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
UHF EPR spectrometer operating at frequencies between 400 MHz and 1 GHz
Authors: Quine Richard W. , Rinard George A. , Shi Yilin , Buchanan Laura , Biller Joshua R. , Eaton Sandra S. , Eaton Gareth R.
Published: October 2016

A spectrometer was designed and constructed to facilitate measurements of T1, T2, spin echo signal‐to‐noise, and resonator quality factor, Q, between about 400 and 1000 MHz. Pulse patterns are generated at 250 MHz and mixed with the output from a second source to perform excitation and detection. A cross‐loop resonator was constructed in which the same sample could be measured in the same resonator over the full range of frequencies. An air‐core, four‐coil, water‐cooled electromagnet with a large experimental volume was built.