bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships between parameters of nitrogenous metabolites and HRV in humans exposed to the factors of the accident at the Chоrnobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Kuchma Igor , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Bilas Volodymyra , Huchko Bohdan , Ponomarenko Ruslan , Nahurna Yaryna , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor
Published: June 2021

Background. We have previously shown that nitrogenous metabolites have immunomodulatory effects, both suppressor and enhancing, both in healthy rats and in humans exposed to pathogenic influences. The immunomodulatory effect of bilirubin is probably mediated through aryl hydrocarbon receptors, and uric acid through TL- and adenosine receptors of immune cells. The question of mediators of the immunomodulatory action of urea and creatinine remains open. We hypothesized the mediating role of mediators of the autonomic nervous system and adaptation hormones. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between the parameters of nitrogenous metabolites, on the one hand, and HRV markers of the parameters of the autonomic nervous system - on the other hand. Material and methods. The object of observation in 1997 were 19 men and 3 women who were exposed to pathogenic factors of the accident at the Chоrnobyl nuclear power plant during the liquidation of its consequences in 1986-87. The survey was conducted twice - on admission and after two weeks of rehabilitation at the Truskavets’ Spa. The plasma and urinary concentration of the nitrogenous metabolites were determined. The state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) was judged by the HRV parameters recorded before and after submaximal bicycle ergometric loading. Results. Both negative and positive metabolic-ANS correlations were revealed. Calculation of multiple correlation coefficients between individual metabolite parameters and constellations of HRV parameters revealed the maximum vegetotropic effect of Urea plasma (R=0,700) and Uric acid urine (R=0,623). This is followed by Urea urine (R=0,531) and Creatinine plasma (R=0,457). No significant correlations were found for Creatinine urine, Uric acid plasma and Bilirubinemia. The canonical correlation between the constellation of nitrogenous metabolites, on the one hand, and the HRV markers of ANS, on the other hand, was strong: R=0,747; χ2(28)=63; p<10-3. Conclusion. Previously identified immunomodulatory effects of urea and creatinine are realized, possibly through cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms.
Reformation of students` educational achievements monitoring process in maritime educational institutions in 1990-1999 years of the XX century
Authors: Kutsenko Iryna
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the historical improving of students` educational achievements monitoring process in maritime educational institutions in 1990-1999 of the XX century. Orders, reports, meetings of methodological associations and pedagogical meetings and other documents, the content of which is related to the educational activities of maritime educational institutions in general and monitoring, are analyzed. There was an urgent need for state monitoring of the education quality. Reforming the education ofUkraineand monitoring the academic achievements of students in maritime institutions in practice was associated with the emergence of testing and rating system.
Violations of antioxidant-prooxidant spleen index and ceruloplasmin content in serum during acute blood loss, complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of limb and the effectiveness of its correction with carbacetam
Authors: Iavorska I. V.
Published: June 2021

Antioxidant-prooxidant imbalance is one of the key mechanisms of acute blood loss and ischemic-reperfusion syndrome. Under these conditions, the level of ceruloplasmin (CP) plays an important role, enhancing antioxidant protection and promoting hematopoiesis, exhibiting ferrooxidase action. However, in this case, the state of antioxidant-prooxidant balance in the spleen and the content of CP in the serum is studied insufficiently, thus there is no data on the effectiveness of carbacetam, which revealed a pronounced protective effect on antioxidant protection of the spleen.Objective of research: to determine the dynamics of the antioxidant-prooxidant index of the spleen and the content of CP in the serum in acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, and to evaluate the effectiveness of carbacetam in correction of the identified disorders.Materials of the research and their discussion. 108 nonlinear male rats weighing 200–220 g were used in the experiments. All experiments were performed under thiopental-sodium anesthesia. In animals, limb ischemia-reperfusion and acute blood loss were modeled separately and in one of the groups these injuries were combined. In a separate group, the detected disorders were corrected with carbacetam. After 1 and 2 hours, as well as after 1, 7 and 14 days in the spleen of experimental animals was determined content of reagents to thiobarbituric acid and catalase activity, and according to these results the antioxidant-prooxidant index (API) was calculated and was determined the content of CP in serum.Results of the research and their discussion. Modeling of acute blood loss, complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, contributed to a decrease in the value of API in the spleen, which indicates a shift in antioxidant-prooxidation balance towards the dominance of prooxidant mechanisms. Under these conditions, the content of CP in the blood serum increases significantly, which on the one hand compensates the lack of antioxidant protection, on the other hand indicates on the activation of the mechanisms of the body's systemic response to inflammation. The use of carbacetam helped to shift the antioxidant-prooxidant balance of the spleen towards the dominance of antioxidant mechanisms and to reduction of the CP content in the serum, which indicates on a pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of the drug, as well as its prospects in cases connected with hemic hypoxia and ischemia-reperfusion syndrome.Conclusions: Complication of acute blood loss by limb ischemia-reperfusion contributes to the shift of antioxidant-prooxidant balance of the spleen towards the dominance of prooxidant mechanisms with a simultaneous increase in the content of CP of serum. The use of carbacetam helps to increase the value of API and reduce the content of CP in the serum.
Therapeutic and preventive effectiveness of oral application of phitogels “Kvertulin”, “Biotrit” and “Dubovy” in inflammatory complications in the digestive system of rats treated with thermoperoxide sunflower oil
Authors: Levitsky A. P. , Markov A. V. , Pupin T. I. , Labush Iu. Z. , Selivanskaya I. A. , Lapinskaya A. P.
Published: June 2021

Aim. It has been established that the consumption of thermoperoxide fats causes the development of pathological processes in the tissues of the mouth, stomach, intestines and liver. The purpose of this work is to determine the possibility of their normalization using oral applications of phytogels.Methods. Thermoperoxide oil (TPSO) was obtained by heating sunflower oil in the presence of H2O2 at a temperature of +180 °C for 60 minutes. Oral TPSO applications were made on the oral mucosa at a dose of 2.25 g/kg daily for 5 days. Used mucose-adhesive phytogels "Kvertulin" (quercetin + inulin), "Biotrit" (juice from wheat sprout) and "Dubovy" (extract of polyphenolic compounds from oak wood) in the form of oral applications at a dose of 2.25 g/kg for half an hour before TPSO applications daily for 5 days. Elastase and urease activity and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content were determined in homogenates of the mucous membranes of the cheek, stomach, small and large intestines, as well as in the liver.Results. Oral applications of TPSO increased the levels of MDA, elastase and urease in the tissues of the digestive system. Applications of phytogels significantly normalized these parameters.Conclusions. Oral applications of TPSO cause the development of inflammation in the digestive system, especially in the liver. Oral applications of phytogels have a protective effect, especially "Kvertulin".
Diagnostic and prognostic utility of the platelet parameters in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhehestovska D. V. , Hrebenyk M. V.
Published: June 2021

Background. Complete blood count (CBC) is a simple and affordable diagnostic tool that is routinely used in therapeutic practice. At the same time, its diagnostic and prognostic potentials in terms of management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are currently limited. Based on a number of previous studies, we suggest that the analysis of platelet count and indices among AMI patients may have significant diagnostic and prognostic value, as well as dynamic changes in these parameters during the treatment course.Objectives. To evaluate the value of platelet indices and ratios in terms of their diagnostic and prognostic potential among patients with AMI at the time of hospitalization and on the 7th day of treatment.Materials and methods. The study involved 152 patients diagnosed with AMI (Group 1), 30 patients diagnosed with the chronic coronary syndrome (Group 2) and 24 healthy volunteers (Group 3). CBC was performed for all participants to determine all platelet indices. Also, anamnestic and clinical data were evaluated, as well as results of the coronary angiography. GRACE score was calculated.Results. The highest diagnostic value was shown by the WBC/MPV ratio (AUC 0,798; sensitivity 83,1 %; specificity 65,1 %) and PLT/L ratio (AUC 0,644; sensitivity 62,7 %; specificity 53,5 %), as opposed to traditionally used MPV (AUC 0,426; sensitivity 47,5 %; specificity 48,8 %) and PLT (AUC 0,484; sensitivity 60,8 %; specificity 58,1 %). We were unable to establish a relationship between CBC platelet counts at the time of hospitalization and the risk of complications according to the GRACE score. However, those changes according to CBC were obtained on the 7th day of treatment. In particular, the number of platelets was associated with the risk of hospital (r = 0,287; p = 0,016) and 6-month mortality (r = 0,260; p = 0,30), the duration of ischemia (r = 0,238; p = 0,016) and the number of affected vessels according to the results of angiography (r = 0,395; p = 0,002). Similarly, P-LCC correlated with the risk of hospital (r = 0,483; p = <0,001) and 6-month mortality (r = 0,462; p = <0,001), the number of affected coronary vessels (r = 0,456; p = 0,001) and the duration of angina pectoris (0,392; p = 0,001), respectively.Conclusion. We found that combined ratios such as WBC/MPV and PLT/L had a higher diagnostic value compared to MPV, PLT and P-LCR. The prognostic potential of platelet indices was significantly higher on the 7th day of hospital stay. In particular, elevated levels of platelets, platelets, and P-LCR were correlated with a higher risk of hospital and 6-month mortality.
Association of glycation markers with the progression of the initial stages of diabetic non-proliferative retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Korobov Konstantin
Published: June 2021

Relevance. In the development and progression of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), an important role belongs to the activity of the protein glycation process and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE).Objective: To link glycation markers carboxymethyl lysine (AGE-CML) and circulating AGE receptor (sRAGE) to the progression of early-stage of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.Material and methods. 91 patients (182 eyes) with diabetes mellitus aged 42 to 80 years were examined. The control group included 25 people of the appropriate age. At the time of the initial examination and 1 year later, the NPDR stage was established according to the modified ETDRS system of clinical signs Airlie House. The content of glycation markers was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood plasma. MedStat and MedCalc v.15.1 (MedCalc Software bvba) software packages were used for statistical research.Results. The initial manifestations of diabetic retinal lesions occurred in 27.5% of patients, began after 7.16 ± 1.11 years and were accompanied by higher glycemia. The content of AGE-CML in diabetes mellitus was significantly increased compared to the control, which was more pronounced in the presence of initial retinal changes - was 1.3 times higher than in patients without such changes (p = 0.015). The content of sRAGE decreased several times, which was also associated with the presence of diabetic retinal changes - in their presence it was 2.2 times lower (p <0.001). The content of AGE-CML was significantly higher (1.5 times; p <0.001) in the presence of NPDR progression during 1 year of observation than without it. The content of sRAGE in the presence of progression was 1.6 times (p <0.001) lower. Conclusion. Thus, accumulation of blood AGE-CML and sRAGE reduction is connected with the occurrence and progression of NPDR.Key words: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Advanced Glicated End Products, AGE-CML, sRAGE
Role of the lipid peroxidation in immunomodulating effects of the nitrogenous metabolites in rats
Authors: Gozhenko Anatoliy , Kuchma Igor , Ruzhylo Sofiya , Kovalchuk Galyna , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor
Published: June 2021

Background. We have previously shown that nitrogenous metabolites have immunomodulatory effects, but the question of mediators of the immunomodulation remains open. We hypothesized the mediating role of mediators of the autonomic nervous system and adaptation hormones as well as reactive oxygen species. Mediating role in the immunomodulation of neuroendocrine factors is analyzed in a previous article. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between the parameters of nitrogenous metabolites and lipid peroxidation as well as between latter and immune parameters subordinate modulations by nitrogenous metabolites. Material and methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats. The plasma level and urinary excretion of the nitrogenous metabolites as well as parameters of lipid peroxidation (diene conjugates, malonic dyaldehid, superoxide dismutase, catalase) and neuroendocrine-immune complex were determined. Results. According to the canonical correlation analysis, the constellation of nitrogenous metabolites determines the state of lipid peroxidation by 38,8%. The latter, in turn, determines the constellation of immune parameters (subject to modulation by nitrogenous metabolites) by 61,4%. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination between nitrogenous metabolites and neuroendocrine parameters is 71,5%, and between the latter and immune status – 89,6%. Taken together, neuroendocrine parameters and lipid peroxidation parameters determine the pool of immune parameters subject to modulation by nitrogenous metabolites by 96,7%. It was previously shown that the coefficient of determination between nitrogenous metabolites and a number of immune parameters is 95,8%. Conclusion. The obtained results, taken together with the previous ones, prove that uric acid, bilirubin, urea and creatinine realize their immunomodulatory effects both directly through receptors of immunocytes (aryl hydrocarbon, adenosine and TL) and with the participation of mediators of autonomic nervous and endocrine systems and lipid peroxidation.
Ocrelizumab as a breakthrogh in multiple sclerosis treatment
Authors: Zaniuk Marcin , Kozłowska Marta , Gorecka Adrianna , Zawiślak Magdalena , Zimnicki Patryk
Published: June 2021

Multiple sclerosis is the most commonly occurring inflammatory disease of the nervous system. It is estimated that over 2 million people suffer from this disease. Currently SM is untreatable, one can only try to stop the progression of the disease or reduce severity of the symptoms. There have been numerous studies on the effectiveness of other monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. A drug that offers a chance for a breakthrough in the treatment of multiple sclerosis is ocrelizumab. It is a monoclonal antibody directed against B lymphocytes expressing the CD20 antigen. Results of the studie confirm the efficacy of ocrelizumab in inhibiting ongoing nerve fiber degeneration and reducing the inflammation associated with it, as well as the near complete depletion of CD20+ B lymphocytes and partial depletion of CD20+ T lymphocytes. They also suggest that ocrelizumab is a safe and effective treatment for multiple sclerosis.Studies conducted on the therapeutic efficacy of ocrelizumab show that its effect on disease progression is superior compared to some current drugs. Ocrelizumab also has a similar safety profile to the currently used interferon β-1a. An important feature of ocrelizumab is its efficacy in the treatment of the primary progressive form of MS, where significant therapeutic efficacy with other drugs has not been seen to date.
Impact of some anthropometric characteristics on 400 meters
Authors: Rashiti N , Maliqi A , Ramadani L , Ramabaja Q , Bekolli L
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper was to prove the relationship between motor skills and anthropometric characteristics as a predictive system with effectiveness and results in running the discipline at 400 meters as situational-motor variables of the criteria system. The research was done by testing 60 samples of men 18 years old, ± 6 months, of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Prishtina. Regarding the anthropometric variable, bigger correlation has been shown by the variable dermal tipple of the arm (AMTP) which correlate positively with running in 400 meter, from which we can conclude that the fullest in the upper limbs are students, the more slowly realize running in the 400 meters and conversely.  The measurements were executed during September in the hall of the Faculty, in 400 meter runs in the stadium "FadilVokrri" Prishtina. The only condition that was used during the determination of the sample was: that the students are involved in regular physical education classes (and on the day of the measurement be healthy, without the flu, cold or other symptoms). The variables which are applied in this research have been 8 anthropometric variables and 1 motor-specific variables. The results obtained after their processing indicate that the impact of anthropometric variables is higher in running 400 meters. Short distance running and long distance running reduces the impact of anthropometric parameters whereas the influence of metabolic factors of energy production is increased.  These results were also confirmed using regression analysis, so that groups of predictors of anthropometric characteristics, specific motor skills that statistically significantly influenced each variable of individual criteria. The results obtained from regression analysis indicate that in the variable 400 m running from low start (MV400MU) does not affect any anthropometric variables applied.We can emphasize that the test (F-test) is more valuable if the multiple correlation is greater, in the concrete case of this paper is significant (Sig = 0.645), because the value of the F-test is = 0.753.
Nutritional status and quality of life of patients after pacemaker implantation
Authors: Sikora Kamil , Wawryniuk Agnieszka , Łuczyk Robert Jan , Łuczyk Marta
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Nutritional status is one of the factors determining the quality of life of patients. However, there are few reports on the correlation between nutritional status and quality of life in the group of patients with implanted cardiac pacing system.Purpose of research. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of nutritional status on the quality of life of patients with implanted pacemakers.Material and methods. 100 patients after pacemaker implantation, hospitalized at the cardiology clinic and treated at the SPSK 4 cardiology clinic in Lublin were examined. Standardized research tools were used - the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire to assess the quality of life and the shortened scale to assess the nutritional status (MNA-SF). The results of the obtained research are summarized in the statistical analysis.Results. The average result of the respondents obtained in the MNA scale was 11.86 points with a standard deviation of 2.26. The nutritional status of the most of respondents (61%) was normal. In the studied group 35% were at risk of malnutrition, while 4% were malnourished. Statistically significant relationships between the nutritional status and quality of life were demonstrated in all domains. If the nutritional status of the respondents was better, their overall quality of life was higher, as well as their self-assessment of health.Conclusions. The overall assessment of the nutritional status of the studied patients is within the normal ranges. Nutritional status has an impact on the quality of life of respondents after pacemaker implantation in all QoL domains. High quality of life conform to the correct assessment of the nutritional status in the most of the studied patients.
Búsqueda de empleo, capital social y salarios en México
Authors: Charles-Leija Humberto , Torres García Aldo Josafat , Castro-Lugo David
Published: June 2021

La investigación tiene como objetivo verificar la existencia de disparidades salariales en México a partir del canal de búsqueda de empleo. En este caso, el análisis se centró en las redes de contactos de los individuos, emplea datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (enoe) del 2019, estimando una ecuación de determinación salarial semilogarítmica. Los resultados exhiben una prima salarial por haber obtenido empleo medianteInternet (12.4 %), un sindicato (6.7 %), bolsa privada (8.9 %) y contactos personales (6.7 %). Cuando se distingue por edad, se observa que las personas con más de 30 años reportan el mayor impacto positivo de encontrar empleo a través de sus redes de contactos.
Focused ultrasound in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by advanced paramedics
Authors: Brown Nick , Fothergill Rachael , McIntyre Ian , Faulkner Mark , Quinn Tom
Published: June 2021

Background:

This study describes and evaluates advanced paramedic practitioner (APP) use of focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and relates ultrasound findings with decisions to terminate resuscitation. The authors report characteristics of patients who do/do not undergo a FoCUS examination by APPs, ultrasound probe positions used and whether FoCUS findings were associated with decisions to terminate resuscitation or to convey patients to an emergency department (ED) with ongoing resuscitation.

Method:

A retrospective, observational cohort study of all adult medical OHCA patients attended by APPs in Greater London during 2018 was carried out using data from emergency medical services (EMS) and APP databases.

Results:

Twenty-eight APPs attended 1444 OHCA patients in 2018, of whom 744 underwent FoCUS. The subcostal probe position was used most frequently (74%), followed by the parasternal long axis (19%), with significantly smaller use of the parasternal short axis and apical windows. Absence of spontaneous cardiac motion (SCM) was associated with resuscitation being terminated (333 out of 391; 85%) and the presence of SCM was associated with conveyance to the emergency department (213 out of 264 patients; 80%). All decisions to terminate resuscitation were within the APP scope of practice.

Conclusion:

The authors believe this is the largest prehospital study involving FoCUS in OHCA. An association between FoCUS findings and decisions made to either convey patients to hospital or terminate resuscitation was found. The SC window was most used and ROLE decisions were deemed to be in accordance with local guidance and practice.
Community paramedicine home visits: patient perceptions and experiences
Authors: Hughes Stephen , Seenan Christopher
Published: June 2021

Background:

Community paramedicine (CP) is an emerging model of community-based healthcare delivered around the world by paramedics with additional skills, education and training. There is a lack of qualitative research on patient perceptions and experiences of this phenomenon.

Aims:

The study aimed to explore patient perceptions and experiences of CP home visits delivered by specialist paramedics (SPs) in a Scottish urban general practice home-visit setting. Patient acceptance and CP primary-care strategic value were examined.

Methods:

An explorative qualitative study using purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis.

Findings:

Five main themes were identified: provide a well-communicated, professional, knowledgeable and comprehensive home visit consultation; SP-patient relationship and continuity of care; acceptance of SP home visits in place of GP home visits; quicker response and an increased possibility of a home visit; and limitations of the SP role.

Conclusion:

Patient perceptions and experience of CP were positive, with patients accepting this model of care. Opportunities to improve healthcare, including better continuity or care and health monitoring, were found.
Frequency-angular distribution for terahertz emission of single-color laser filament plasma under an electrostatic field
Authors: Seleznev Leonid V. , Rizaev Georgy E. , Pushkarev Dmitrii V. , Koribut Andrey V. , Gerasimova Yulia A. , Grudtsyn Yakov V. , Savinov Sergey A. , Mityagin Yury A. , Mokrousova Daria V. , Ionin Andrey A.
Published: June 2021

Frequency-angular distributions for THz emission in the range of 0.1–3 THz generated in a single-color laser filament plasma both under an electrostatic field and without one are experimentally studied for what we believe is the first time. The angular distribution for various spectral components of this THz emission is demonstrated to differ significantly. The maximal propagation angles for these components increase under the electric field. The angular distribution for the low-frequency THz emission depends significantly on the laser pulse energy in contrast to the case of no electric field. An increase in the laser pulse energy leads to a decrease of the propagation angles for low-frequency THz emission and to disappearance of the local minimum in the angular distribution on the propagation axis.
Fast generation of 360-degree cylindrical photorealistic hologram using ray-optics based methods
Authors: Zhang Xu , Tu Kefeng , Lv Guoqiang , Wang Zi , Feng Qibin
Published: June 2021

Due to the large pixel pitch and limited size of spatial light modulator (SLM), the field of view (FOV) of current holographic display is greatly restricted. Cylindrical holography can effectively overcome the constraints of FOV. However, the existent algorithms of cylindrical hologram are all based on the wave-optics based approach. In this paper, to the best of our knowledge, we adopt the ray-optics based approach in the generation of cylindrical computer generated hologram (CCGH) for the first time. Information of parallax images captured from three-dimensional (3D) objects using a curved camera array is recorded into a cylindrical hologram. Two different recording specific algorithms are proposed, one is based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method, and another is based on the pinhole-type integral imaging (PII) method. The simulation results confirm that our proposed methods are able to realize a fast generation of the cylindrical photorealistic hologram.
Bending-loss-resistant distributed Brillouin curvature sensor based on an erbium-doped few-mode fiber
Authors: Xu Pengbai , Yuan Jiahao , Gao Zhensen , Shen Lei , Xu Ou , Li Jianping , Dong Yongkang , Dong Xinyong , Yang Jun , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen
Published: June 2021

We developed a bending-loss-resistant distributed Brillouin curvature sensor based on an erbium-doped few-mode fiber (Er-FMF) and differential pulse-width pair Brillouin optical time-domain analysis. With Er ion amplification compensating for bending-induced optical loss, radii in the

∼

0.3

to 2.02 cm range could be monitored correctly. The corresponding Brillouin frequency shift variations were in the range of 91.7 to 9 MHz, which agrees well with theoretical calculations. The sensitivity of the Er-FMF device increased inversely with the bending radius, with the optimal sensitivity of 292.7 MHz/cm obtained at a radius of 0.3 cm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the smallest radius of curvature detected and highest sensitivity reported to date, indicating potential applications in distributed sharp-bend sensing, such as intelligent robotics and structural health monitoring.
Self-powered ultraviolet MSM photodetectors with high responsivity enabled by a lateral n+/n− homojunction from opposite polarity domains
Authors: Guo Chenyu , Guo Wei , Dai Yijun , Xu Houqiang , Chen Li , Wang Danhao , Peng Xianchun , Tang Ke , Sun Haiding , Ye Jichun
Published: June 2021

We report a GaN-based self-powered metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM)-type ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) by employing a “lateral polarity structure (LPS)” grown on the sapphire substrate. An in-plane internal electric field and different Schottky barrier heights at a metal/semiconductor interface lead to efficient carrier separation and self-powered UV detection. A dark current of

6.8

n
A

/

c
m

2

and detectivity of

1.0

×

10

12

Jones were obtained without applied bias. A high photo-to-dark current ratio of

1.2

×

10

4

and peak responsivity of 933.7 mA/W were achieved for the lateral polarity structure-photodetector (LPS-PD) under

−

10

V

. The enhanced performance of the LPS-PD was ascribed to the polarization-induced carrier separation as demonstrated by the lateral band diagram.
Association between exercise habits and stroke, heart failure, and mortality in Korean patients with incident atrial fibrillation: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Lee So-Ryoung , Choi Eue-Keun , Han Kyung-Do , Jung Jin-Hyung , Lim Jae-Hyun , Yun Jun-Pil , Kwon Soonil , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: June 2021

Background

There is a paucity of information about cardiovascular outcomes related to exercise habit change after a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated the association between exercise habits after a new AF diagnosis and ischemic stroke, heart failure (HF), and all-cause death.

Methods and findings

This is a nationwide population-based cohort study using data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service. A retrospective analysis was performed for 66,692 patients with newly diagnosed AF between 2010 and 2016 who underwent 2 serial health examinations within 2 years before and after their AF diagnosis. Individuals were divided into 4 categories according to performance of regular exercise, which was investigated by a self-reported questionnaire in each health examination, before and after their AF diagnosis: persistent non-exercisers (30.5%), new exercisers (17.8%), exercise dropouts (17.4%), and exercise maintainers (34.2%). The primary outcomes were incidence of ischemic stroke, HF, and all-cause death. Differences in baseline characteristics among groups were balanced considering demographics, comorbidities, medications, lifestyle behaviors, and income status. The risks of the outcomes were computed by weighted Cox proportional hazards models with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) during a mean follow-up of 3.4 ± 2.0 years. The new exerciser and exercise maintainer groups were associated with a lower risk of HF compared to the persistent non-exerciser group: the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) were 0.95 (0.90–0.99) and 0.92 (0.88–0.96), respectively (p <0.001). Also, performing exercise any time before or after AF diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared to persistent non-exercising: the HR (95% CI) was 0.82 (0.73–0.91) for new exercisers, 0.83 (0.74–0.93) for exercise dropouts, and 0.61 (0.55–0.67) for exercise maintainers (p <0.001). For ischemic stroke, the estimates of HRs were 10%–14% lower in patients of the exercise groups, yet differences were statistically insignificant (p =0.057). Energy expenditure of 1,000–1,499 MET-min/wk (regular moderate exercise 170–240 min/wk) was consistently associated with a lower risk of each outcome based on a subgroup analysis of the new exerciser group. Study limitations include recall bias introduced due to the nature of the self-reported questionnaire and restricted external generalizability to other ethnic groups.

Conclusions

Initiating or continuing regular exercise after AF diagnosis was associated with lower risks of HF and mortality. The promotion of exercise might reduce the future risk of adverse outcomes in patients with AF.
Intervenção do Estado na atividade econômica e suas formas de ação
Authors: Nunes Carvalho Sobral de Souza Patrícia Verônica , De Moura Borges Antônio
Published: June 2021

O artigo tem como tema a intervenção do Estado na atividade econômica, cujo objetivo foi desvelar a evolução do modelo estatal e da atividade econômica, sob o enfoque constitucional, da Administração Pública, suas formas e sua estrutura organizacional. À vista disso, foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica, com o método qualitativo de caráter exploratório, que permitiu questionar: qual o grau de discricionariedade do administrador das empresas estatais quando a lei não determina forma, finalidade ou tipo para determinado ato? Há liberdade quando o Estado suscita interesse público e imperativo de segurança nacional a ponto de intervir no domínio econômico? Inferiu-se que, através da evolução do modelo de prestação de serviço público houve a necessidade de se criar entidades para proteção dos bens e serviços, conferindo ao administrador público, inobstante os imperativos de segurança nacional ou interesse coletivo, uma discricionariedade limitada no que tange à opção de prestar um serviço de maneira direta ou indireta.
Conflitos que cercam o processo de implantação da RESEX de Tauá-Mirim – São Luís – MA
Authors: Alves de Sousa Marcelo , Silva David Vieira da
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma análise dos conflitos que cercam o processo de criação da Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim, localizada a sudoeste da ilha de São Luís – Estado do Maranhão. Além de observar a burocracia para a implantação da reserva extrativista, pondera-se também sobre as constantemente ameaçadas que as comunidades localizadas na RESEX sofrem pelos grandes projetos de desenvolvimento que procuram se instalar na região. Nessa perspectiva, adverte-se sobre a urgência de sua oficialização, sobretudo, pela necessidade da preservação de seus manguezais, áreas de várzeas e nascentes, assim como da reprodução de várias espécies marinhas e da consideração devida com as comunidades tradicionais que ali vivem. Para isso, utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas com análise através da pesquisa qualitativa.
A casa de sementes mãe Zenilda e o fortalecimento da agricultura ancestral Xukuru
Authors: Araújo Marli Gondim de , Ordônio Iran Neves
Published: June 2021

Os indígenas Xukuru vivem na Serra do Ororubá, municípios de Pesqueira e Poção, no agreste pernambucano. Segundo relatos de lideranças Xukuru, especialmente do Cacique Xikão, assassinado em 1998 pelos fazendeiros, Xukuru é nome de pássaro da mata; ororubá vem da árvore ubá e/ou ororubá. A junção dos dois nomes formou Xukuru do Ororubá, que significa o respeito do índio pela natureza. Os registros de contato com os colonizadores datam do século XVI, tendo no século XIX, os antepassados Xukuru recebido as terras por sua participação da Guerra do Paraguai. Desde então se sucederam lutas e conflitos entre Xukuru e invasores de suas terras, fazendeiros de gado (SILVA, 2008). Após muitas pelejas, os Xukuru sob a liderança de Xikão, iniciaram uma série de retomadas de seu território em fins da década de 1980, para só em 2001 conseguirem a titulação e demarcação definitiva.
Não-regularização fundiária dos territórios das comunidades quilombolas da Bahia, um caso de racismo?
Authors: Cordeiro Paula Regina de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Os territórios quilombolas no Brasil enfrentam uma situação de violação de direitos e de negação de suas territorialidades e ancestralidade. Esse estudo levanta e sistematiza dados, argumenta a partir de reflexões teóricas e oriundas do contato direto com diversas comunidades quilombolas argumenta que a não-regularização,  a não-proteção e os conflitos nos territórios quilombolas estão inseridos na relação de poder estabelecida a partir da constituição do racismo contemporâneo. Para isso são trazidos alguns casos no Estado da Bahia, como os dos quilombos de Rio dos Macacos, de Dom João, de Graciosa e de São Franscisco do Paraguaçu. O racismo é considerado aqui como o elemento explicativo de maior relevo para a não-proteção dos territórios quilombolas.

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As lutas indígenas pelo direito à terra e pelo território na Amazônia
Authors: Fortunato Clara Maria Ribeiro Consort
Published: June 2021

A proposta deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de pesquisa realizada enquanto trabalho de Conclusão de Curso na obtenção da graduação em Geografia a partir da coleta, seleção e análise de cartas públicas dos povos indígenas em situação de conflito produzidas no período de 2007-2013 na região da Amazônia Legal. Nosso objetivo é identificar e analisar, de que maneira, os repertórios de luta e rexistência indígenas na Amazônia podem ser expressos por meio das cartas públicas direcionadas, principalmente, às autoridades institucionais e governamentais. Temos a pretensão de analisar qual a relação entre os distintos contextos de conflitos sociais expressos nesses documentos; as estratégias construídas e o conjunto de articulações feitas pelas demandas indígenas para a produção de uma política de escalas a partir da circulação das cartas. Estamos interessados em compreender de que maneira as cartas expressam a afirmação de territorialidades e valoração de identidades indígenas bem como os processos de articulação e consolidação de alianças entre grupos étnicos distintos na busca por reconhecimentos, garantias e efetividades de direitos. Buscamos a partir desta pesquisa aprofundar a compreensão do campo das lutas indígenas, ressaltar outras formas de relação com a natureza, outras concepções de desenvolvimento e expectativas de futuro.
Território e política no Brasil:
Authors: Moizés Brenna da Conceição , Mitidiero Junior Marco Antonio
Published: June 2021

Este texto trata do desmonte sistemático da legislação ambiental e de instrumentos de proteção da natureza como estratégia de exploração irrestrita de bens naturais e de frações do território ainda não integrados à dinâmica neoextrativista. As informações e conclusões apresentadas são parte dos resultados obtidos no projeto de pesquisa “Território e Mercantilização da Natureza: Acompanhamento e Análise dos Projetos de Lei que Relativizam a Proteção do Meio Ambiente no Brasil Frente à Expansão Capitalista”. Tal pesquisa tem como objetivo principal o acompanhamento e análise das ações dos Poderes Legislativo e Executivo Federal que objetivam construir aparatos jurídicos e institucionais, sob o jargão da segurança jurídica, para a expansão do capitalismo frente a exploração da natureza, o que vem sendo agravado exponencialmente na conjuntura recente.
Processos de migração e relação campo-cidade no entorno do Complexo Mínero-Industrial de Barcarena (PA)
Authors: Bringel Fabiano de Oliveira , Machado Brena Regina Lopes
Published: June 2021

O espaço de Barcarena pode ser compreendido na interação local-global. Isso fica mais evidente com a instalação do complexo industrial e uma de suas consequências: a migração. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as transformações sócio-espaciais do município de Barcarena no Estado do Pará a partir do deslocamento populacional promovido pela instalação do complexo industrial. Para isso buscaremos entender a territorialização dos capitais mínero-metalúrgios na Amazônia Oriental, vinculados ao Programa Grande Carajás - PGC. Nosso recorte de estudo é o bairro Betânia neste muncípio. Discutindo, para isso, o processo migratório e utilizando a metodologia da história de vida desses moradores. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica, aplicamos questionário semiestruturado para percebermos o itinerário de 40 famílias. Percebemos, então, uma comunidade que vive uma lógica conflituosa onde coexistem elementos tanto do urbano quanto do rural. Um espaço formado pela diversidade sócio-cultural resultante dos processos migratórios orientados pela instalação do complexo industrial no município. Isso levou novas relações de poder provenientes, agora, não mais da escala local/regional mas por normatizações impostas de cima para baixo no território de outros agentes que pensam a reprodução de seus capitais em outras escalas e seguindo lógicas globalitárias para a efetivação de seus lucros.
ANTARA KUASA KEBOHONGAN DAN KEBEBASAN BEROPINI WARGA: ANALISIS WACANA FOUCAULDIAN PADA HOAKS PANDEMI CORONA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Adiputra Wisnu Martha
Published: June 2021

This research tried to discuss the corona pandemic hoax in the vortex of the paradox of excessive freedom and political rights of citizens in the digital communication process which can be observed, among others, through the government's efforts to report hoaxes about the corona pandemic. The purpose of this research is to under-stand the hoax discourse of the corona pandemic from a Foucauldian perspective that is attached to power and identity in the Monthly Hoax Report conducted by the Ministry of Information and Communication of the Republic of Indonesia. This re-search used the Foucauldian discourse analysis method which uses a variety of con-cepts, including: power, identity, knowledge, dominant discourse and counter-discourse. The results of the research show that there are five unique stages of dis-course analysis, namely the corona pandemic hoax, which is a set of regular and systematic statements through social media that are not detailed, has a variety and production rules that only consist of two types, the powers that are said and those that may be conveyed have in common with the character of the post-truth era, a new space of power that emerges through technological devices and sociocultural con-texts, and connects both material and discursive aspects at the same time to new media artifacts and potential negative effects on citizens
MEDIAMORFOSIS ITU BERNAMA BOOKTUBE: ANALISIS RESEPSI TERHADAP PENONTON BOOKTUBE
Authors: Permatasari Andalusia Neneng , Maulani Izni Indrawati , Darmawan Ferry , Nurrahmawati Nurrahmawati
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the audience's meaning regarding booktube. Booktube is content about books, such as book reviews, discussions with authors, video challenge, video bookshelf tour, book haul, etc on Youtube. This study uses a qualitative method with a reception analysis for participants belonging to the M Generations (Sesak Media Generation). Booktube interpreted differently by participants as audiences, which is interpreted as an ordinary content of YouTube that cannot replace conventional book reviews. Another interpretation of the audience regarding booktube is as a form that is not just ordinary content, but also a community and effort and attempt to increase the level of literacy in Indonesia.
PRODUKSI CITRA POLISI DALAM FILM : SEBUAH UPAYA SAKRALISASI (Analisis Genre Pemenang Police Movie Festival 2017-2019)
Authors: Sokowati Muria Endah , Nurnisya Frizki Yulianti
Published: June 2021

The image of the police is understood in various ways. In the news, the police are often presented with a negative image. However, there is a tendency for the police to be sanctified as saints in the film. This article attempts to explain the forms of sacralization of police images displayed in cinema. Uses genre analysis to answer the re-search questions. The Police Movie Festival in 2017-2019 was the chosen research object since the Indonesian National Police organize this film festival, it will be seen how they want to be shown in the film. As a result, the Police Movie Festival winners increasingly sanctify the police's image as heroes, patriotic, humanist, and a tolerant and pluralist figure. These images that emerge can obscure that the police also often justify violence when dealing with civilians who are supposed to be the parties they protect.
Response to Jan Breman's Review Essay on Classes of Labour: Work and Life in a Central Indian Steel Town
Authors: Parry Jonathan
Published: June 2021

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Urinary Incontinence in Competitive Women Weightlifters
Authors: Wikander Lolita , Kirshbaum Marilynne N. , Waheed Nasreena , Gahreman Daniel E.
Published: June 2021

Wikander, L, Kirshbaum, MN, Waheed, N, and Gahreman, DE. Urinary incontinence in competitive women weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3130–3135, 2022—Urinary incontinence has the potential to diminish athletic performance and discourage women from participating in sport and exercise. This study determined the prevalence and possible risk factors for urinary incontinence in competitive women weightlifters. This research was a cross-sectional, survey-based study completed by 191 competitive women weightlifters. The frequency and severity of urinary incontinence was determined using the Incontinence Severity Index. Urinary incontinence was defined as an Incontinence Severity Index score >0. The survey questions focused on risk factors, the context and triggers for urinary incontinence, and self-care strategies. Approximately, 31.9% of subjects experienced urinary incontinence within 3 months of completing the survey. Incontinence Severity Index scores were significantly correlated with parity (r = 0.283, p = 0.01) and age (r = 0.216, p = 0.01). There was no significant correlation between the Incontinence Severity Index score and the number of years participating in any form of resistance training (r = −0.010, p = 0.886) or weightlifting (r = −0.045, p = 0.534), body mass index (r = 0.058, p = 0.422), or competition total (r = −0.114, p = 0.115). The squat was the most likely exercise to provoke urinary incontinence. Although the number of repetitions, weight lifted, body position, and ground impact may increase the likelihood of urinary incontinence occurring during a lift, it is difficult to determine which factor has the greatest influence. Some self-care strategies used by competitive women weightlifters who experience urinary incontinence, such as training while dehydrated, have the potential to diminish athletic performance.
Influence of Hot Environment on Pitching and Hitting Performance in Professional Baseball
Authors: Huang Jyh-How , Chiu Yung-Chin , Chang Chen-Kang
Published: June 2021

Huang, J-H, Chiu, Y-C, and Chang, C-K. The influence of hot environment on pitching and hitting performance in professional baseball. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3251–3255, 2021—Baseball is usually played outdoors during the warmest months of the year. The long exposure to a hot environment may lead to hyperthermia and subsequent impaired cognitive function, which is crucial for hitting and pitching performance in baseball. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of apparent temperature on pitching and hitting performance in Chinese Professional Baseball League games in Taiwan. Each pitched and batted ball from a total of 480 regular season games in 2018 and 2019 was analyzed. Each game was categorized into one of the 4 groups on the basis of the average apparent temperature at which it was played: cold (below 21° C), warm (21–28° C), hot (28–34° C), or extremely hot (above 34° C). Differences in pitching and hitting variables were compared across the 4 groups. In the extremely hot environment, slugging percentage, isolated power, base on balls per 9 innings, home runs per 9 innings, and walks plus hits per inning were all significantly higher than those in the other 3 environments. The results suggest that offensive production was significantly increased in extremely hot environments in the Chinese Professional Baseball League. It is recommended that pitchers could adopt cooling interventions to alleviate the decline in performance in an extremely hot environment.