bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaturan Tentang Pengungsi Dan Tanggung Jawab UNCHR Bagi HAM Para Pengungsi
Authors: Melatunan Hendrik O , Tahamata Lucia Charlota Octovina , Leatemia Wilshen
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The changes and developments of the times until now have not provided a reference for the development of international law as a whole, including in dealing with refugees.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to examine and analyze UNHCR's responsibility for the human rights of refugees in terms of international law and the regulation of refugees in terms of international law.Methods of the Research: This type of research is normative juridical where the research is carried out by collecting primary, secondary and tertiary data obtained using library research. The data that has been collected is analyzed qualitatively, the description of which is arranged systematically based on legal disciplines to achieve clarity on the issues to be discussed.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that the international standard rules that have been agreed upon by the nations of the world related to the legal arrangements for refugees are contained in the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol on the Status of Refugees. Another instrument is the Declaration of Human Rights because the refugee issue is closely related to human rights issues. In addition, there is also the UNHCR Statute which contains the roles, duties and authorities of UNHCR as an international institution dealing with refugees. UNHCR is an international institution formed, sheltered and an extension of the United Nations to specifically deal with issues related to refugees. On December 14, 1950, the UNHCR Statute established the function of UNHCR, namely to provide international protection, under the auspices of the United Nations, to refugees. In particular, UNHCR has four roles, namely as initiator, facilitator, mediator & conciliator, and as determination. In dealing with Myanmar refugees in Thailand, UNHCR uses 3 methods to deal with the refugee problem, namely Repatriation, Local Integration, and Resslement.
Perlindungan Harimau Sumatera Menurut Convention On International Trade In Endangered Species Of Wild Fauna And Flora (Cites) 1963
Authors: Mainuru Muhammad Zidhan L , Rehatta Veriana Josepha Batseba , Daties Dyah Ridhul Airin
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The illegal trade in protected animals is increasing in places where laws are not respected, as if they weren't there. This is reflected in the decrease in the number of wildlife and the increase in the number of legal and illegal wildlife traders whose criminals do not face severe sanctions. The number of Sumatran tigers is decreasing, reaching around 400 individuals. In various parts of Sumatra, these endangered and protected animals continue to be hunted and traded for their organs. Apparently, in the near future, they succeeded in capturing or blocking the Medan tiger skin trade.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to know and understand the Regulations regarding the protection of endangered species based on the 1963 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Implementation of CITES 1963 in Indonesia to protect the Sumatran Tiger.Methods of the Research: Normative research method with the type of research is qualitative analysis. The problem approach used is the statute approach, the conceptual approach and the case approach. The sources of legal materials used are Primary legal materials, Secondary legal materials, and Tertiary legal materials and are used as a technique for collecting legal materials, then processing and analyzing legal materials through methods of interpretation, harmonization, systematic and legal discovery.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that the arrangements regarding the protection of endangered species based on the 1963 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) are that as a whole, CITES is a convention that applies as a general guide to regulate matters relating to trade of all kinds. Wild plants and animals that live in nature. Specifically regarding the protection of Sumatran tigers as implementation of CITES 1963 is the enactment of Presidential Decree No. 43 of 1978 concerning Ratifying the Convention On International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Natural Resources, Biology and Their Ecosystems, Regulations Government Number 8 of 1999 Utilization of Wild Plants and Animals, Minister of Forestry Regulation Number P.42/Menhut-II/2007 concerning Sumatran Tiger Conservation Plans and Actions.
Kelayakan Konstruksi Bangunan Trotoar di Kota Ambon
Authors: Tomia Niati , Nendissa Renny Heronia , Pattinasarany Yohanes
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Sidewalks are road support facilities as stipulated in Law no. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. The availability of sidewalks must provide safety and comfort for pedestrians passing through.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of writing this thesis is to find out and analyze (1) Does the sidewalk building in Ambon City meet the construction feasibility requirements in the provisions of laws and regulations.? and (2) What are the legal consequences if the sidewalk building does not meet the construction feasibility standards in the ptovisions of the legislations.?  Methods of the Research: The type of research used in this study is normative juridical legal research, namely legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary materials which consist of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. These materials are arranged systematically, studied, then a conclusion is drawn in relation to the problem under study.Results of the Research: The results and discussion show that the construction of sidewalks in the city of Ambon does not meet the feasibility standards for the construction of sidewalks as stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 03/PRT/M/2014 concerning Guidelines for Planning, Provision and Utilization of Infrastructure and Facilities for Pedestrian Networks and Urban Areas, and Decree of the Director General of Highways No. 74/KPTS/Db/1999, Date, 7 December 1999 Concerning Ratification of One Technical Guideline of the Directorate General of Highways. Of course, this condition has legal consequences as stipulated in Article 44UU No. 28 of 2002 concerning Buildings in which there are administrative sanctions in the form of a) Written warning; b) Restrictions on development activities; c) Temporary or permanent suspension of construction implementation work; d) Temporary or permanent suspension of building use; e) Freezing of building construction permits; f) Revocation of building construction permit; g) Freezing of the certificate of proper function of the building h) revocation of the certificate of proper function of the building; or i) an order for the demolition of a building.
Comparative Analysis Framework for Cloud Cost Management (CCM) Tooling
Authors:   USA, Kanumuri Venkata Sasidhar
Published: May 2024

Cloud adoption offers flexibility and potential cost savings, but expenses can quickly escalate without careful management. Cloud Cost Management (CCM) tools are crucial for modern businesses seeking to rein in cloud costs and fully realize the return on their cloud investments. Effective CCM solutions provide a consolidated view of costs across complex multi-cloud environments, breaking down spending by project, department, and resource type. They offer deep visibility, historical trend analysis, and AI/ML-powered insights to understand usage patterns, pinpoint inefficiencies, and forecast future spending. Selecting the right CCM tool is vital. The VIA (Visibility, Insights, and Actions) framework helps organizations evaluate potential tools, prioritizing features for granular cost tracking, actionable recommendations, and optimizing tasks. This guide also delves into the 'build vs. buy' decision, weighing factors like in-house expertise, urgency, budget, and customization. For many, third-party CCM tools provide the ideal balance of features, speed of implementation, and ongoing support. By effectively implementing a CCM strategy, businesses can optimize cloud resource usage, eliminate waste, and drive continuous improvement in their cloud ROI.
Alternative to Silicon for Semiconductor-Based Electronics
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA, Sreerambatla Saandeep
Published: May 2024

This is paper focuses on an alternative to silicon as a material for semiconductor-based electronics. For the purpose of understanding alternatives to silicon, it’s essential to understand the impact of silicon in the semiconductor industry, the effective usages of silicon in multiple devices along with that, it’s essential to understand the shortcomings of the material and look at other alternative materials which not only overcomes the shortcomings but also helps in developing better applications.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Force and Strain in Males and Females during Anticipated and Unanticipated Side-Stepping
Authors:   Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA, Hamill Joseph
Published: May 2024

Females have a greater number of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries per activity hours than males. The cause of this injury rate is speculated to be an increased strain on the ACL in performing a side-stepping manoeuvre. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of ACL force and strain and the knee angle at initial foot contact during anticipated and unanticipated side-stepping. 12 male and 12 female, young, healthy, college-age, athletes were recruited for this study. 3D kinematics and kinetics were collected in each of anticipated and unanticipated conditions. A computational musculo-skeletal model was used to estimate the ACL force and strain. No differences were found between males and females in any of the ACL or knee angle parameters (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in ACL force and strain between anticipated and unanticipated side-stepping conditions with unanticipated force and strain greater than in the anticipated condition (P<0.05). These results support previous evidence that athletes may be at greater risk of injury during sidestepping tasks where planning time is reduced due to greater elongation of the ACL. Future research should focus upon investigating tasks to mitigate the high-risk strategies athletes use during unanticipated sports tasks.
Labilization of the DNA structure in peripheral blood lymphocytes of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Popova Anna Yu. , Kuzmin Sergey V. , Ilyushina Natalia A. , Gorenskaya Olga V. , Egorova Olga V. , Kotnova Alina P. , Averianova Nataliya S. , Ignatyev Semen D. , Kuznetsova Nataliya E. , Kobelevskaya Nataliya V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Available data indicate the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus to be potent of impairing DNA repair processes and cause oxidative stress, which can lead to the accumulation of DNA damage in human cells. However, the DNA-damaging effect of the virus has not yet been sufficiently studied.
The purpose of the research was to study the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to cause DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Materials and methods. One hundred forty COVID-19 patients and 24 donors of the control group are included in the study. The level of DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes was determined by alkaline DNA-comet assay. Statistical differences between the mean medians of the «%DNA in the comet tail» (tail DNA%) were assessed using Student’s t-test. The Jeffers test was used to compare the proportions of cells with different levels of DNA-damage. Statistical differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test.
Results. In the COVID-19 patients, an increase in the level of breaks and alkali-labile sites in DNA was revealed when compared to controls (p = 0.025).
In the group of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the proportion of comets with DNA damage of up to 5% decreased (p = 0.009), while the proportion of comets containing more than 10% DNA tail increased (p = 0.000). The number of atypical comets compared to the control increased by 3.7 and 5.9 times with mild and moderate severity of the disease, respectively (r = 0.993; p = 0.001). In the association with diseases – coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus type II (DM type 2), the level of DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes statistically significantly increased compared to the group of patients without these diseases.
Limitations. A limitation is the lack of data on DNA-structure damage in severe COVID-19 disease.
Conclusion. SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to labilization of the DNA structure in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The level of DNA damage depends on the severity of COVID-19 and the presence of comorbid diseases: CHD and DM type 2. The results of the study are important for understanding the mechanisms of action of the virus on human immunocompetent cells.
Experimental toxicological assessment of the degree of hazard of a mixture of chemical compounds migrating from materials intended for use in drinking water supply
Authors: Alekseeva Anna V. , Rakhmanin Yuriy A. , Mikhailova Rufina I. , Egorova Natalia A. , Khripach Ludmila V. , Yurchenko Valentina V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Polymer materials currently used in drinking water supply practice consist of a polymer base and additional chemicals. During use, polymer materials release toxic chemicals, including additives and residual monomers. Even if all components of a mixture are present in quantities that do not individually cause the expected adverse effects, the population may be adversely affected by chronic exposure to low concentrations, which may act additively to produce greater cumulative toxicity. The article presents the results of a study of the biological effect of a mixture of chemical compounds migrating from materials intended for use in managing drinking water supply.
Materials and methods. The work examined extracts from four materials offered by various companies and manufacturing countries intended for use in drinking water supply. Experimental work was carried out on non-linear white rats (males) with an initial body weight of 180–200 g. In the experiment, five groups of animals of 10 pieces each were formed. The experiment lasted for 6 months.
Results. As a result of a sanitary-toxicological study, there were obtained data proving the possibility of a negative effect of a mixture of organic compounds washed out from the materials of pipes used in drinking water supply on the body of warm-blooded animals. Under experimental conditions with prolonged exposure to a mixture of organic compounds, including those unstudied in terms of hygienic conditions, general toxic and mutagenic activity of extracts from the studied samples of polymeric materials was revealed. Despite the fact that materials belonging to the same group of polymers – polyethylenes – were chosen for the experiment, the biological effect of the extracts turned out to be multidirectional.
Limitations. The study was conducted on a small sample of materials currently used in the practice of domestic and drinking water supply, and a limited set of indicators studied in a chronic experiment. It is necessary to conduct extensive research on other groups of polymers.
Conclusion. The toxic effect of a mixture of organic substances migrating from pipe materials on the body in a chronic experiment in animals was studied,
and the possibility of developing long-term effects when consuming water based on extracts from polymeric materials was established.
Fransızların Cezayir’i İşgali ve Hamdan b. Osman Hoca’nın Mücadelesi
Authors: Gedik Ahmet
Published: May 2024

Akdeniz’de bir sömürge imparatorluğu kurma çabasında olan Fransa, Cezayir’i işgal ederek Monarşi'den Cumhuriyet'e geçiş aşamasındaki süreci kolaylaştırma çabasındaydı. Bu arada sanayileşme ile birlikte XIX. yüzyılın başlarında işsiz nüfusun fazlalaşması ve kötüye giden ekonominin körüklediği iç muhalefet, Fransa’yı Cezayir işgali konusunda iyiden iyiye cesaretlendirmişti. 1830 yılında Cezayir sahillerini işgal eden Fransa, beklemediği bir direnişle karşılaştı. Hamdan b. Othman Hodja bu direniş hareketine yazdığı eserlerle büyük bir katkıda bulunmuştur. Anadolu, Cezayir ve Avrupa'da edindiği bilgi ve siyasi tecrübeyle Fransız İşgali’ni durdurabilmek için Le Miroir (Mir’ât /Ayna) isimli eserini kaleme almıştır. Le Miroir, Kıta Avrupası’nda insan haklarının, eşitlik ve özgürlüğün savunucusu olan Fransızlar’ın Cezayir’deki katliamlarının ve zulmünün tüm insanlığa rapor edildiği bir eserdir. Hamdan b. Othman Hodja eserinde aynı zamanda Cezayir’de yaşayan farklı milletlerden insanları, vatandaşlık bilinciyle bir araya getirme gayreti içerisindedir.
Higher Education Students’ Mental State: Before and After the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Mizanur Rahman , Biswas Mohona , Alam Zahurul , Akhter Shelina
Published: May 2024

Background The most significant hurdle to academic achievement is mental health issues. Students with mental illness may struggle academically and socially, which may have a detrimental effect on their prospects of success in both their professional and personal lives. Objectives This paper aims to explore the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects on the educational system, notably on the mental health of university students. It assesses the effects of isolation, social exclusion, social isolation, and quarantine on university students’ psychological and mental health before and after COVID-19. Methodology The present exploration took 330 male and female responses from 9 universities in Bangladesh psychically and online from March 2020 to February 2022 by using a structured questionnaire, when education institutions started their operations in full swing. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorders Scale (GAD-7) (Spitzer et al., 2006) was employed to assess participants’ general stress levels. Findings Findings from the research demonstrated that in contrast to the students who spent the majority of their time in the village both throughout and after the COVID-19 outbreak, the students who spent the majority of their time in the town experienced isolation from society, sleep problems, depression-related feelings of insecurity and uncertainty, and distraction from social media. On the other hand, people who spent the most time in the village throughout and following the COVID-19 outbreak, many had irregular eating habits and social media distractions. Practical uses The outcomes of this inquiry offer ideas and suggestions to reach desirable mental well-being for students in higher education both throughout and following the COVID-19 outbreak. The study’s shortcomings are the small sample size and respondents’ lack of interest.
Theoretical Studies on γ-Photon/Neutron Shielding Characteristics of RE3+Co-Doped Borate, Phosphate, and Silicate Glass Systems
Authors: Priya Murugasen , Suresh A. Antony , Dhavamurthy M. , Deepa A. V.
Published: May 2024

The Phy-X program software was used to investigate the γ- and neutron shielding properties of trivalent rare earth co-doped borate-, phosphate- and silicate glasses (G1-G10) concerning elemental composition and density. The attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ and μ), half/tenth value layer (HVL and TVL), and mean free path (MFP) were calculated, and each revealed the influence of rare earth including the Pb, Ba, and Bi elements. Energy and compositional dependent effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), and effective electron conductivity (Ceff) of all the glasses were studied. On the high-density glasses G6, G9, and G10, the HVL and TVL values are projected to be lower than on the other examined glasses. The neutron radiation shielding abilities of the studied glasses were investigated by determining removal cross-section (RCS). The results were compared to those of commercially available materials such as concrete, graphite, water, and Hematite-serpentine concrete.  The γ-ray exposure buildup and energy absorption factor values (EBF/EABF) of glass samples were determined in the energy range of 0.015 to 15 MeV.
 
Received: 2 January 2024 | Revised: 9 April 2024 | Accepted: 15 May 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing does not apply to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. All data are provided already as Tables and Figures.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Murugasen Priya: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. A. Antony Suresh: Software, Formal analysis. M. Dhavamurthy: Validation, Writing – original draft. A. V. Deepa: Resources.
Assessment of the Factors Constraining Women in Business from Accessing Formal Credit in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Olatunji Hafsah
Published: May 2024

This study examined the factors constraining women entrepreneurs in Sokoto State from accessing formal credit, it is an exploratory cross-sectional survey study that adopted a multi-stage sampling technique, and collecting data directly from the field using a semi- structured questionnaire. The explanatory variables were subjected to a binomial logistic regression. The regression result revealed that of high interest rate (HIR) and lack of strong network system (NET) are not statistically significant while lack of collateral requirement (LCR), nature of business (NB), inadequate information about Loan (IIL) and Lack of regular income (LRI)are significant at 1% level. However, all the variables estimated have positive coefficient values, implying that they all constitute as constraints to accessing formal credit by the women. Nature of business (NB) and lack of regular income (LRI) revealed to be the two factors with the highest influence, with odd ratio values of 2.903 and 2.916 respectively implying that a unit increase in either will constrain the respondents 2.9 times further, other factors controlled. In line with the findings, the study suggests the need for the government of Sokoto state to create an enabling platform to promote interaction between the state and the women aimed at enabling the businesses of the women into the formal sector of the economy, this will improve the nature of their businesses through innovation and modernization, resulting to a more regular income for the women.
Identification and Classification of Bilingual Language using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Dr. K. M. Shivprasad  , Rithwik Reddy  , Harsh Pandey  , Prathik Reddy  , Girish Maharana
Published: May 2024

This paper presents an efficient approach to language detection and sentiment analysis using Naive Bayes classifiers. The research involves training classifiers on a diverse dataset of text samples in multiple languages. Our method employs vectorization techniques and separate classifiers for language detection and sentiment analysis tasks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the classifiers, with high accuracy in identifying the language and sentiment of input text. The approach showcases notable efficiency in processing language detection and sentiment analysis, addressing the growing need for automated text processing solutions. The findings have implications for various domains, including customer feedback analysis, market research, and opinion Mining
IoT Controlled Metal Detecting Robot
Authors: Kavitha M P  , Ravikumar K  , Ushasri H D  , Yogeshwari. V. K  , Mrs. A. Meenakshi
Published: May 2024

The design and implementation of an IOT-controlled metal detecting robot for efficient and accurate detection of metallic objects in various environments. The robot integrates IOT technology, including sensors and wireless communication, to enable remote control and real-time monitoring. The system utilizes a combination of metal detectors and proximity sensors to identify and navigate around obstacles while detecting metal objects. Through the integration of IOT, the robot can be controlled and monitored remotely via a Smartphone or web interface, providing flexibility and convenience to users. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed system in detecting and navigating through diverse environments, showcasing its potential applications in security, industrial, and archaeological fields.
Performance Analysis of BDS-2, BDS-3 and GPS in Relative Positioning through Short, Medium and Long Baselines
Authors: Zhu Huizhong , Zhang Jingfa , Li Jun , Xu Qi , Lu YangYang , Xu Aigong
Published: May 2024

BDS-3 (Beidou System 3) reached global coverage in June 2020. In comparison with BDS-2(Beidou system 2), BDS-3 has greatly improved in terms of satellite orbits, atomic clocks and signal transmissions. BDS-3 is now being used widely in practice. This paper is focused on performance analysis of BDS-3 vs.BDS-2 and GPS. Six baselines of different lengths were selected to result in single-system multi-frequency relative positioning solutions from BDS-2, BDS-3 and GPS, respectively. The long baselines were resolved by using the random walk constraints on the residual atmospheric delay. The positioning performance of each system was analysed against the atmospheric delay error and the convergence property of the floated ambiguity resolution. The experiments showed that the convergence speed of BDS-3 was twice as fast as BDS-2, and the average convergence speed was also faster than GPS, which was increased by about 2.7%. In comparison with BDS-2, the accuracy of BDS-3 was improved by about 40%, but the accuracy was 7% lower than the GPS solution and the positioning stability of BDS-3 was also not as good as GPS.
On long-baseline relative positioning with BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS data
Authors: Lei Xiaoting , Zhu Huizhong , Zhang Jingfa , Li Jun , Lu Yangyang
Published: May 2024

BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) reached the global coverage in June 2020. To study the performance of the precise relative positioning using the BDS-3 alone and the improvement due to adding BDS-3 satellites to BDS-2 and GPS, this paper analysed the data of 033-039d provided by the MGEX in 2021. The fusion of BDS-2, BDS-3 and GPS data was conducted for static and dynamic high-precision long-baseline solution experiments. The influence of the individual BDS-2 / BDS-3 / GPS and by adding BDS-3 satellites to BDS-2 and GPS on precise relative positioning convergence speed and positioning accuracy were analyzed, respectively. The experimental results show that the current BDS-3 positioning performance (convergence speed and positioning accuracy) is similar to GPS, and the BDS-3 satellites effectively improve the positioning convergence speed upon BDS-2 and GPS. In the static positioning processing mode, with the aid of the BDS-3 satellites, the RMS (Root-Mean-Square) of the positioning errors using GPS only and the combination of BDS-2 and GPS was increased only by 20 % in the up direction, and for the BDS-2 system alone, the positioning accuracies in the E, N and U components were increased by 60%, 71% and 65%, respectively. In the dynamic positioning processing mode, after the addition of BDS-3 satellites, the positioning accuracies using GPS and GPS+BDS-2 in the E, N and U components were improved by about 15 %, 23 % and 23 %, respectively, and the BDS-2 positioning accuracies were improved by about 46 %, 38 % and 36 % in the E, N and U components, respectively.
Research on the UWB High Precision Indoor Positioning Method with the Heterogeneous Information Constraints
Authors: Guo Nan , Jiang Wei , Li Jing , Liu Fei , Dong Jie
Published: May 2024

There are many obstacles in the UWB indoor positioning, such as installation location limitation of base stations, non-line-of-sight and so forward. In this paper, the high-precision indoor positioning model was discussed, and then the UWB indoor positioning method was given based on the heterogeneous data constraints, such as PDR, map and vision. Three indoor positioning models, the kinematic adaptive robust EKF UWB model based on the gain matrix, the UWB/PDR/Map coupled model, and the UWB/Vision fusion model were built and assessed, respectively. Afterward, the precision and the potential application scenarios of the three models were discussed via the practical tests. The test results showed that, with our method, the overall positioning accuracy reached around ¡À0.2 m under the conditions of the full or partial UWB signal coverage, available or interrupted line-of-sight, or undergoing other situational challenges such as the sparse texture and the continuous variation of the light strength.
A Comparative Analysis on Inter-frequency Data Quality of Quad-constellation GNSS on a Smartphone
Authors: Li Yanjie , Cai Changsheng
Published: May 2024

This paper comprehensively analyzes the inter-frequency data quality of the quad-constellation Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) of GPS, GLONASS, BDS and Galileo on a smartphone. A series of indices, i.e. the number of visible satellites, data integrity rate, multipath, carrier-to-noise ratio (C/No), cycle-slip ratio and observation residuals, are employed to evaluate the data quality with a comparison between different constellations and frequencies. Experiments were conducted using the firstly released dual-frequency smartphone of Xiaomi Mi8. The results show that the GPS and BDS exhibit the best tracking performance in an open-sky environment with an average of 7 observed satellites at each epoch, which is 3 or 4 satellites more than the Galileo and GLONASS. In addition, the GPS data integrity rate is higher than the other constellations by about 20%-25%. The GPS suffers a multipath effect two times larger than the Galileo on the L1/E1 frequencies, but they are almost equal on the L5/E5a frequencies. For all four constellations, the C/No is mostly concentrated at 20-35 dB-Hz. Further, the C/No on the L1/E1 frequencies increases by 3-4 dB-Hz over the L5/E5a frequencies. The GLONASS observations exhibit the most serious cycle slip occurrence rate at a ratio of 100, which is significantly larger than the other constellations. Regarding the residuals, the phase RMS residuals for all four constellations are at a few millimeters, whereas the pseudorange residuals of GLONASS are the most prominent with an RMS of over 6 m, which is 3-4 times larger than the other constellations. The precise point positioning (PPP) results show that the convergence time and positioning accuracy can be effectively improved by adding GPS and Galileo data at L5/E5a.
Comparative analysis of data quality and performance index for BDS-3 constellation
Authors: Ding Zhipeng , He Kaifei , Li Ming , Wu Yu , Zhang Yue , Yang Jinquan
Published: May 2024

The global BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) was completed in July 2020. In terms of data processing, the final positioning and baseline solving results will be affected by the quality of the raw observation data. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse and evaluate the data quality of the complete BDS-3 constellation and its service performance. Based on all observing satellites and the open signals from MGEX stations that can track BDS-3, improved software is used to analyse the complete BDS-3 constellation and signals. Moreover, the service performance of BDS-3 is evaluated using self-developed software. The geometric configuration of the complete BDS-3 constellation is found to be slightly better than that of GPS. However, the overall multipath error is about 10 cm higher than that of GPS, although the increased choke of the measured maritime data effectively weakens the multipath error. The pseudorange multipath error of each signal runs in the order B1I>B2a>B2b>B3I>B2a+B2b>B1C; other quality indicators exhibit little difference among bands. In terms of service performance, the carrier phase residuals are 0.17-0.48cm. After data convergence, the relative positioning performance fluctuates around 5 cm of the “true value”, although the fluctuations in the vertical direction are up to 10 cm.
Refrigeración y congelación de productos agroindustriales
Authors: Navarro Ramírez Enrique
Published: May 2024

El presente libro “Refrigeración y Congelación de Productos Agroindustriales” detalla de manera muy académica y didáctica todos los tópicos que se desarrollan, analizan y estudian en la asignatura del mismo nombre en la Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, por lo que considero que servirá como un valioso aporte para estudiantes y profesionales dedicados a los procesos agroindustriales en las que se aplica tecnología del frío tanto a nivel regional como nacional.
Formulación y evaluación de proyectos de inversión en el sector agroindustrial
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de San Martín - Tarapoto, Pezo Gonzáles Mario
Published: May 2024

El texto “Formulación y evaluación de proyectos de inversión en el sector agroindustrial”, será un material de consulta muy importante para los estudiantes e interesados en general, donde podrá conocer aspectos sobre las generalidades del subsector agroindustrial, cuál es su importancia, características básicas, los tipos de agroindustria y clasificación de las actividades agroindustriales; también a que llamamos actividades agroindustriales sin transformación y actividades agroindustriales con transformación; de qué manera han ido evolucionando de acuerdo a las tendencias actuales, como es que los cambios en la economía agroalimentaria global se inserta en el aspecto productivo, la estructuración de las agroindustrias en los países en desarrollo, así como los impactos de los procesos de agroindustrialización; es menester mencionar de igual modo, la agroindustria en el Perú con miras al futuro y sus posibles adelantos asociados a las cadenas de valor en cada uno de los subsectores económicos, como el pecuario, agrícola, forestal e hidrobiológico.
Octavia Butler: subversora de estereótipos criadora de mundos e de si mesma
Authors: Borba Camile Fernandes
Published: May 2024

Octavia Butler é considerada a primeira mulher negra autora de ficção científica nos estados unidos., sua prosa é marcada por questões de poder e protagonistas negras que encarnam corpos poucos vistos – até então – na ficção científica. Este artigo pretende discorrer sobre a trajetória de Butler, seu papel na literatura, em especial, como ela trabalha a questão da memória e dos estereótipos racistas em Kindred – laços de sangue (2019). Pretende-se, também, observar como foi através da literatura e do fazer literário que Octavia Butler pôde e explorar as potencialidades da existência, a começar pela dela mesma.
PERAN GURU BIMBINGAN KONSELING DALAM MENGATASI PERILAKU BULLYING PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV DI SDK SANTO TARSISIUS LEWOLEBA LEMBATA
Authors: Imakulata Siba Erap Maria , Kaluge Agapitus Hengki , Talok Damianus
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Bentuk-bentuk bullying yang terjadi pada peserta didik di SDK Santo Tarsisius Lewoleba Lembata; (2) Peran guru kelas IV di SDK Santo Tarsisius Lewoleba Lembata terhadap bullying; (3) Cara mengatasi bullying pada peserta didik di SDK Santo Tarsisius Lewoleba Lembata; (4) Hambatan yang dialami guru dalam mengatasi kasus bullying pada peserta didik di SDK Santo Tarsisius Lewoleba Lembata. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, informan penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru kelas IV, pelaku dan korban. Teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam, observasi, dokumentasi dan catatan lapangan. Data dianalisis iteraktif dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, kemudian menarik kesimpulan.Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data dengan menggunakan trianggulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: (1) Bentuk-bentuk bullying yang terjadi pada peserta didik kelas IV yaitu bullying verbal dan fisik; (2) Peran guru terhadap bullying pada peserta didik kelas IV sebagai orang yang membimbing atau yang memberi nasehat dan mengarahkan serta membina siswa sehingga dapat mengatasi kasus atau masalah yang terjadi; (3) Cara mengatasi bullying yaitu memanggil peserta didik, meminta menceritakan apa yang terjadi, memberi nasehat, dan memberikan sanksi atau hukuman; (4) Hambatan yang terjadi, mudahnya peserta didik mengulangi perilaku bullying, orang tua peserta didik merasa anaknya benar, peran aktif orang tua masih kurang.
EFEKTIFITAS GERAKAN AGROLITERASI MELALUI KEGIATAN OUTING CLASS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS MENULIS PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Noge Maria Desidaria , Raga Maria Yosefina , Sayangan Yohanes Vianey , Wau Maria Patrisia
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan gerakan agroliterasi melalui kegiatan outing class untuk meningkatkan kreativitas menulis peserta didik kelas 5 SDK St. Carolus Boromeus Magekoba. Fokus kajian adalah peningkatan literasi dengan target sasaran siswa kelas 5 yang berjumlah 9 orang dari 2 laki-laki dan 7 perempuan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi dan dokumentasi, instrument yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian kreativitas menulis dengan beberapa kriteria penulisan sebagai berikut: kriteria keaktifan yakni peserta didik aktif untuk mencari informasi mengenai menulis kreatif mengalami peningkatan dengan jumlah 11. Kriteria penulisan kedisiplinan diniliai saat peserta didik tepat waktu untuk mengumpulkan karya tulis mengalami peningkatan dengan jumlah 8. Kriteria kerapihan dalam penulisan dinilai ketika peserta didik mengumpulkan karya tulis mengalami peningkatan berjumlah 12. Sedangkan, kriteria kreatif dalam penulisan dinilai ketika melihat isi dari karya sastra mengalami peningkatan yang berjumlah 12 dari 9 peserta didik. Berdasarkan data penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kreativitas menulis peserta didik SDK St. Carolus Boromeus Magekoba melalui kegiatan outing class sebagai implementasi program Kampus Mengajar Angkatan 6 dapat membantu meningkatkan kemampuan literasi menulis pada peserta didik di SDK St. Carolus Boromeus Magekoba.
Cultural Narratives and Counterstories: Examining Representation in “Prietita y la Llorona”
Authors: Zuniga Christian
Published: May 2024

Stories can be a powerful medium through which to simultaneously reinforce and counter oppressive discourse. This article examines Gloria Anzaldúa’s children’s book, Prietita y La Llorona, as a counterstory method within the larger genre of Latinx children’s literature. Counterstories are a powerful method used by Critical Race and feminist theorists to center the delegitimized experiences of marginalized communities. Drawing on theories around discourse, representation, and intersectionality, the article explores the ways in which Anzaldúa counters cultural narratives that diminish community cultural wealth and women’s positions as agents of knowledge through the characters of Doña Lola and La Llorona.
A Wild Tongue Writes Back: Replying to Gloria Anzaldúa’s “Speaking in Tongues”
Authors: Romero Rachel
Published: May 2024

Using a combination of transgressive methodologies, auto-historia/auto-ethnography, reflective narrative, prose and poetic transcription, I celebrate the opportunity to write back to Gloria Anzaldúa’s Speaking in Tongues: A Letter to 3rd World Women Writers[i]. In my response to Gloria, I explore a number of personal traumas including my anxiety and struggle to write for an academic audience, my internalization of whiteness as a Cuban immigrant, and my deep desire to find Voice and a community of Women of Color writers.                   In solidarity with the #CiteWomenofColor movement, I am intentionally only making references to the Women of Color writers who have influenced my journey to find a voice. My crossing from where I was before, to where I find myself now—a transformation that began during the last two years since I first met Gloria—has been fueled by the dreaming and writings of these women. Throughout my awakening, these women represented an imagined community of Women of Color writers. The italicized words in this text come directly from Speaking in Tongues. I weave Anzaldúa’s words with mine because her words have wrapped me like a shawl and shielded when I needed comfort. I want for my words to bleed into hers, mesh with hers, be with hers—my refuge.    [i] Gloria Anzaldúa. “Speaking in Tongues: A Letter to 3rd World Women Writers.” In This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color, edited by Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa (Albany: State University of New York Pres, 2015). 163-172
Juridical Analysis of Criminal Acts in Environmental Pollution in Accordance to the 32 Law of 2009 Concerning Protection and Management Environment
Authors: Chaidir Noor , Muhibbin Moh. , Arief Hanafi
Published: May 2024

This study aims to describe the regulation of criminal acts of environmental pollution in Indonesian positive law and to analyze the responsibility for criminal acts of environmental pollution according to Law Number 32 of 2009. This study uses normative legal research in the form of library research using three types of legal materials, namely primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, qualitative descriptive research, normative juridical research, statutory and conceptual approaches.
The results of the study stated that the regulation of criminal acts of environmental pollution in Indonesian positive law is regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning the Environment. This law stipulates that if environmental pollution and damage has already occurred, it is necessary to take repressive measures in the form of effective, consistent and consistent law enforcement against environmental pollution and damage that has occurred so as to apply the principle of primum remedium criminal law.
The crime of environmental pollution is not only imposed on individual perpetrators of environmental crimes, but also on corporations. In addition, also to customary law communities based on the Constitutional Court decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012 by using conditionality in recognizing the existence of indigenous peoples as legal subjects which are still maintained as long as in reality they still exist and their existence is recognized, and confirmation of their existence is stipulated by Regional Regulations.
Protocol of exercises for home management of the hemiplegic patient
Authors: Solíz Crespo Silvana Beatriz , Latta Sanchez María Augusta , Fernández Soto Gerardo Fernando , Sánchez Sánchez Yajaira Mishell , Montesdeoca Ruiz Salome Gabriela
Published: May 2024

Background: Stroke represents the second cause of death and the first cause of disability in adults worldwide. Hemiplegia is the main sequel of ischemic stroke. It presents muscular alterations such as spasticity and lack of coordination. It also produces abnormalities in balance and gait, increasing the rate of falls. Physical rehabilitation through exercises is essential. There is not enough information for the caregiver to perform the exercises. Objective: to implement an exercise protocol to improve the home management of the hemiplegic patient that favors the reduction of spasticity and the risk of falls. Methods: It is a longitudinal, analytical study with a quantitative approach. It was developed in 15 people with hemiplegia by the Home Care Project for People with Disabilities of Palora Canton, Ecuador. The ages were from 20 to 64 years. The intervention was performed 3 times a week in each home. The Tinetti test and the Ashworth test were used for the initial evaluation. For the final evaluation, the Wilcoxon method was used. Results: a predominance was evidenced in the female gender 53.3% and the age range between 27 to 63 years 86.7% in the hypothesis testing of the Tinetti test (risk of falls) and Ashworth test (spasticity) where the results the value p<0.001 (asymptotic significance) With this data, the null hypothesis is rejected. Conclusions: It was determined that the exercise protocol for home management of the hemiplegic patient decreases the risk of falls and spasticity.
HONORÁRIOS DE SUCUMBÊNCIA NO DIREITO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Carrero Gisele de Jesus , Vieira Murilo Braz
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho é uma revisão bibliográfica, através de pesquisas em livros, artigos e jurisprudências, principalmente dos tribunais superiores, que busca compreender e explanar como serão cobrados os honorários de sucumbência no Direito do Trabalho devido aos advogados das partes sucumbentes, tanto com ou sem gratuidade de justiça após as mudanças na Legislação Trabalhista e os entendimentos dos Ministros do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho e Supremo Tribunal Federal, assunto relevante pois se envolve tanto o Direito do advogado de ter seu trabalho remunerado para a sobrevivência da sua família quanto do trabalhador.
DESAFIOS JURÍDICOS NA REGULAÇÃO DE CRIPTOMOEDAS
Authors: Nascimento Gabriel Felipe Nunes do , Curtarelli Gabrielli Caroline Moraes , Rego Ihgor Jean
Published: May 2024

Este artigo propõe uma análise dos desafios jurídicos emergentes no cenário das criptomoedas, notadamente Bitcoin e Ethereum, exigindo uma abordagem legislativa cuidadosa. O objetivo geral é examinar os entraves legais nesse contexto, destacando quatro desafios prementes. A metodologia escolhida é a analítica, visando desmembrar e analisar minuciosamente os elementos constitutivos dos desafios jurídicos das criptomoedas. Um desafio crucial envolve a busca por regulamentações que conciliem a inovação tecnológica com a segurança pública, especialmente contra atividades criminosas. A identificação dos participantes nas transações e a imposição de medidas rigorosas de conformidade por parte das exchanges são considerações essenciais. A tributação de transações criptográficas, dada a sua natureza descentralizada, emerge como um desafio adicional. As autoridades fiscais enfrentam a complexidade de garantir a declaração e tributação adequada dessas transações, demandando abordagens inovadoras. A proteção dos investidores constitui outro desafio significativo, dada a volatilidade inerente das criptomoedas. A formulação de regulamentações que garantam transparência, responsabilidade e segurança dos investidores, com foco nas ofertas iniciais de moedas (ICOs), é uma necessidade imperativa. Por fim, a regulação das criptomoedas transcende fronteiras, demandando esforços de cooperação internacional. A harmonização das regulamentações globalmente é vital para enfrentar desafios de jurisdição e assegurar uma abordagem coesa em escala mundial. Os resultados esperados compreendem uma regulamentação equilibrada, que promova a inovação tecnológica, proteja os investidores, assegure a tributação adequada e promova a cooperação global. A metodologia analítica proporciona uma estrutura sólida para desvendar esses desafios complexos, orientando a formulação de regulamentações adaptáveis e eficazes.