bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of factors influencing onset and survival of patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A clinical study
Authors: Qin Xiaoli , Xiang Shili , Li Wenjing
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas, and the prognosis of severe AP (SAP) is poor. The study aimed to identify promising biomarkers for predicting the occurrence and survival outcome of SAP patients.

Materials and Methods

Two hundred and forty AP patients were retrospectively recruited, in which 72 cases with SAP. Blood test was done for collection of laboratory indicators. After treatment, the mortality of patients was recorded.

Results

Patients in the SAP group had higher intensive care unit admissions and longer hospital stays (p < .001). Among laboratory parameters, significantly high values of C‐reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, Von willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and D‐dimer were found in SAP groups relative to non‐SAP ones. Receiver operating characteristic curve indicated the good performance of CRP, TyG index, vWF:Ag and D‐dimer in SAP diagnosis. Among all SAP cases, 51 survived while 21 died. TyG index (odds ratio [OR] = 6.914, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.193–40.068, p = .028), vWF:Ag (OR = 7.441, 95% CI = 1.236–244.815, p = .028), and D‐dimer (OR = 7.987, 95% CI = 1.251–50.997, p = .028) were significantly related to survival outcome of SAP patients by multiple logistic regression analysis. Both TyG index and vWF showed favorable efficiency in predicting overall prognosis. The area under the curve for the multivariate model (PRE = −35.908 + 2.764 × TyG + 0.021 × vWF:Ag) was 0.909 which was greater than 0.9, indicating its excellent performance in prognosis prediction.

Conclusion

CRP, TyG index, vWF:Ag, and D‐dimer values on admission may be potential clinical predictors of the development of SAP. Moreover, TyG index and vWF:Ag may be helpful to predict survival outcome.
High‐dose sinomenine attenuates ischemia/reperfusion‐induced hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hui Bo , Zhang Xiaogang , Dong Dinghui , Shu Yantao , Li Ren , Yang Zhengan
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, resulting from blood flow interruption and its subsequent restoration, is a prevalent complication in liver surgery. The liver, as a crucial organ for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, exhibits decreased tolerance to hepatic I/R in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), resulting in a significant increase in hepatic dysfunction following surgery. This may be attributed to elevated oxidative stress and inflammation. Our prior research established sinomenine's (SIN) protective role against hepatic I/R injury. Nevertheless, the impact of SIN on hepatic I/R injury in DM rats remains unexplored.

Objective and Methods

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of SIN in hepatic I/R injury in DM rats and elucidate its mechanism. Diabetic and hepatic I/R injury models were established in rats through high‐fat/sugar diet, streptozotocin injection, and hepatic blood flow occlusion. Liver function, oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, histopathology, and Nrf‐2/HO‐1 signaling pathway were evaluated by using UV spectrophotometry, biochemical assays, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin‐eosin staining, and Western blot analysis.

Results

High‐dose SIN (300 mg/kg) significantly attenuated hepatic I/R injury in DM rats, reducing serum activities of ALT and AST, decreasing the AST/ALT ratio, enhancing tissue contents of SOD and GSH‐Px, suppressing the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6, improving the liver histopathology, and activating Nrf‐2/HO‐1 signaling by promoting Nrf‐2 trans‐location from cytoplasm to nucleus. Low‐dose SIN (100 mg/kg) was ineffective.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that high‐dose sinomenine's mitigates hepatic I/R‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus (DM) rats via Nrf‐2/HO‐1 activation, suggesting its potential as a preventive strategy for hepatic I/R injury in DM patients.
The role of autophagy regulated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and innate lymphoid cells in eosinophilic chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Zhuo Jin‐Jing , Wang Chen , Kai Yi‐Long , Xu Ying‐Ying , Cheng Ke‐Jia
Published: June 2024

Background

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and autophagy are important physiological processes. But their roles in eCRSwNP remains controversial.

Methods

In this study, we used the eCRSwNP mouse model, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors, and autophagy inhibitors and activators to investigate the regulatory effects of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway on autophagy, and their effects on eosinophilic inflammation, and tissue remodeling. The role of ILC2s in eCRSwNP was also studied, and the relationship between ILC2s and autophagy was preliminarily determined.

Results

Our results show that eosinophilic inflammation in eCRSwNP mice could be inhibited by promoting the autophagy; otherwise, eosinophilic inflammation could be promoted. Meanwhile, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway can further promote autophagy and inhibit eosinophilic inflammation. Meanwhile, inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and promoting autophagy can reduce the number of ILC2s and the severity of tissue remodeling in the nasal polyps of eCRSwNP mice.

Conclusions

We conclude that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays roles in eosinophilic inflammation and tissue remodeling of eCRSwNP, in part by regulating the level of autophagy. The downregulation of autophagy is a pathogenesis of eCRSwNP; therefore, the recovery of normal autophagy levels might be a new target for eCRSwNP therapy. Furthermore, autophagy might inhibit eosinophilic inflammation and tissue remodeling, in part by reducing the number of ILC2s.
Ischemia‐modified albumin in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mangoni Arduino A. , Zinellu Angelo
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The identification of novel, easily measurable disease biomarkers might enhance the diagnosis and management of patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs). We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA), a marker of oxidative stress, acidosis, and ischemia, in RD patients and healthy controls.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to January 15, 2024. The risk of bias and the certainty of evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and GRADE, respectively.

Results

In 20 studies investigating a total of 1188 RD patients (mean age 45 years, 64% females) and 981 healthy controls (mean age 44 years, 66% females), RD patients had significantly higher IMA concentrations when compared to controls (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.18−0.83, p = .003; I2 = 92.4%, p < .001; low certainty of evidence). In subgroup analysis, the pooled SMD was significantly different in studies investigating ankylosing spondylitis (p < .001), Behçet's disease (p < .001), and rheumatoid arthritis (p = .033), but not familial Mediterranean fever (p = .48). Further associations were observed between the pooled SMD and the broad classification of autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory diseases, the study country, and the method used to measure IMA.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that IMA is a promising biomarker of oxidative stress, acidosis, and ischemia, as it can effectively discriminate between patients with different types of RDs and healthy controls. Our results warrant confirmation in longitudinal studies of patients with different types of RDs and different ethnicities (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024509126).
The implications of estimating rarity in Brazilian reptiles from GBIF data based on contributions from citizen science versus research institutions
Authors: Forti Lucas Rodriguez , da Silva Jandson Lucas Camelo , Ferreira Eveline Almeida , Szabo Judit K.
Published: June 2024

Understanding the distribution of rare species is important for conservation prioritisation. Traditionally, museums and other research institutions have served as depositories for specimens and biodiversity information. However, estimating abundance from these sources is challenging due to spatiotemporally biased collection methods. For instance, large‐bodied reptiles that are found near research institutions or in popular, easily accessible sites tend to be overrepresented in collections compared to smaller species found in remote areas. Recently, a substantial number of observations have been amassed through citizen (or community) science initiatives, which are invaluable for monitoring purposes. Given the unstructured nature of this sampling, these datasets are often affected by biases, such as taxonomic, spatial and temporal preferences. Therefore, analysing data from these two sources can lead to different abundance estimates. This study compiled data on Brazilian reptile species from the Global Information Biodiversity Facility (GBIF). It employed a community‐ecology approach to analyse data from research institutions and citizen science initiatives, separately and collectively, to assess taxonomic and spatial species coverage and predict species rarity. Using a 1‐degree hexagonal grid, we analysed the spatial distribution of reptile communities and calculated rarity indices for 754 reptile species. Our findings reveal that 87 species were exclusively recorded in the citizen science subset, while 212 were recorded only by research institutions. The number of observations per species in the citizen science data followed a Gambin distribution, which aligns with the expected pattern of abundance in natural communities, unlike the data from research institutions. This suggests that citizen science data may be a more accurate source for estimating species abundance and rarity. The discrepancies in rarity classifications between the datasets were likely due to differences in sample size and potentially other sampling parameters. Nevertheless, combining data collected by both research institutions and citizen science initiatives can help to fill knowledge gaps in reptile species occurrence, thus enhancing the foundation for conservation efforts on a national scale.
Usefulness of health checkup‐based indices in identifying metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Miwa Takao , Tajirika Satoko , Imamura Nanako , Adachi Miho , Horita Ryo , Hanai Tatsunori , Ng Cheng Han , Siddiqui Mohammad Shadab , Fukao Taku , Shimizu Masahito , Yamamoto Mayumi
Published: June 2024

Aims

The application of indices in the context of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unexplored. We aimed to validate the ability of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), fatty liver index (FLI), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) to identify MASLD during health checkups.

Methods

We recruited 627 participants and utilized their health checkup data and ultrasound to assess the potential of using ALT, FLI, and HSI as indices for MASLD; this was indicated by the area under the curve (AUC) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. The optimal, rule‐out (sensitivity ≥90%), and rule‐in (specificity ≥90%) cutoff values of each index for identifying MASLD were reported.

Results

Among participants with a median age of 46 years, the prevalence of MASLD was 28% in total (38% in males and 18% in females). RCS models confirmed a linear association between indices and MASLD. ROC analyses indicated that the AUC of ALT in identifying MASLD was 0.79 for the total cohort, 0.81 for males, and 0.69 for females. The optimal, rule‐out, and rule‐in cutoff values for ALT were 21, 13, and 29, respectively. Similarly, the AUC of FLI/HSI in identifying MASLD was 0.90/0.88 for the total cohort, 0.86/0.85 for males, and 0.93/0.90 for females. Considering the reference cutoff values, distinct cutoff values were observed between the sexes for FLI, while HSI had similar cutoff values.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that ALT > 30 IU/L is a reasonable cutoff value to rule‐in MASLD. ALT, FLI, and HSI are reliable indices for identifying MASLD during health checkups.
Tri‐Compartmental Restriction Spectrum Imaging Based on 18F‐FDG PET/MR for Identification of Primary Benign and Malignant Lung Lesions
Authors: Liu Xue , Meng Nan , Zhou Yihang , Fu Fangfang , Yuan Jianmin , Wang Zhe , Yang Yang , Xiong Zhongyan , Zou Chao , Wang Meiyun
Published: June 2024

Background

Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI), as an advanced quantitative diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging technique, has the potential to distinguish primary benign and malignant lung lesions.

Objective

To explore how well the tri‐compartmental RSI performs in distinguishing primary benign from malignant lung lesions compared with diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and to further explore whether positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) can improve diagnostic efficacy.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

137 patients, including 108 malignant and 29 benign lesions (85 males, 52 females; average age = 60.0 ± 10.0 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

T2WI, T1WI, multi‐b value DWI, MR‐based attenuation correction, and PET imaging on a 3.0 T whole‐body PET/MR system.

Assessment

The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), RSI‐derived parameters (restricted diffusion , hindered diffusion , and free diffusion ) and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were calculated and analyzed for diagnostic efficacy individually or in combination.

Statistical Tests

Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Delong test, Spearman's correlation analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The , SUVmax were significantly higher, and , ADC were significantly lower in the malignant group [0.717 ± 0.131, 9.125 (5.753, 13.058), 0.194 ± 0.099, 1.240 (0.972, 1.407)] compared to the benign group [0.504 ± 0.236, 3.390 (1.673, 6.030), 0.398 ± 0.195, 1.485 ± 0.382]. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values ranked from highest to lowest as follows: AUC (SUVmax) > AUC () > AUC () > AUC (ADC) > AUC () (AUC = 0.819, 0.811, 0.770, 0.745, 0549). The AUC (AUC = 0.900) of the combined model of RSI with PET was significantly higher than that of either single‐modality imaging.

Conclusion

RSI‐derived parameters (, ) might help to distinguish primary benign and malignant lung lesions and the discriminatory utility of was not observed. The RSI exhibits comparable or potentially enhanced performance compared with DWI, and the combined RSI and PET model might improve diagnostic efficacy.

Level of Evidence

2.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Sequencing and characterization of human bocavirus genomes from patients diagnosed in Southern France between 2017 and 2022
Authors: Hikmat Houmadi , Le Targa Lorlane , Boschi Celine , Py Justine , Bedotto Marielle , Morand Aurélie , Cassir Nadim , Aherfi Sarah , La Scola Bernard , Colson Philippe
Published: June 2024

The diversity and evolution of the genomes of human bocavirus (HBoV), which causes respiratory diseases, have been scarcely studied. Here, we aimed to obtain and characterize HBoV genomes from patients's nasopharyngeal samples collected between 2017 and 2022 period (5 years and 7 months). Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) used Illumina technology after having implemented using GEMI an in‐house multiplex PCR amplification strategy. Genomes were assembled and analyzed with CLC Genomics, Mafft, BioEdit, MeV, Nextclade, MEGA, and iTol. A total of 213 genomes were obtained. Phylogeny classified them all as of Bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) species. Five HBoV1 genotypic clusters determined by hierarchical clustering analysis of 27 variable genome positions were scattered over the study period although with differences in yearly prevalence. A total of 167 amino acid substitutions were detected. Besides, coinfection was observed for 52% of the samples, rhinoviruses then adenoviruses (HAdVs) being the most common viruses. Principal component analysis showed that HBoV1 genotypic cluster α tended to be correlated with HAdV co‐infection. Subsequent HAdV typing for HBoV1‐positive samples and negative controls demonstrated that HAdVC species predominated but HAdVB was that significantly HBoV1‐associated. Overall, we described here the first HBoV1 genomes sequenced for France. HBoV1 and HAdVB association deserves further investigation.
Cover Image
Authors: Chen Xiaoqiang , Wang Mengdie , Wang Zhiyuan , Liu Xiuling , Cao Wendan , Zhang Na , Qi Yonggang , Cheng Shuiyuang , Huang Wei , Liu Zhong
Published: June 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Theabrownins in dark tea form complexes with tea polysaccharide conjugates by Xiaoqiang Chen et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.13431.

image
Diosmetin: A dietary flavone as modulator of signaling pathways in cancer progression
Authors: Raza Waseem , Meena Abha , Luqman Suaib
Published: June 2024

Flavonoids, constituting the most extensive category of polyphenols, founds in a variety of plants and comprise over 9000 compounds. Diosmetin, O‐methylated flavone (3’,5,7‐trihydroxy‐4’‐methoxyflavone) of flavonoid aglycone diosmin have witnessed a significant surge in recent years. Many studies showed that flavonoids induced cytotoxicity in different organ specific cancer types. Thus, current review evaluates the anticancer potential of diosmetin and shed light on its mechanism of action such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis via both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway, autophagy and tumour progression and metastasis. It also provides comprehensive analysis of different cancer targets and their role in breast, colon, hepatic, gliomas, leukemia, lung, prostate and skin cancer. Combination studies of diosmetin to improve drug sensitivity and reduce toxicity towards normal cells has been also discussed. Besides, in vitro studies, present review also discuss the anticancer potential of diosmetin on xenograft mice model. Different natural sources of diosmetin, limitations, pharmacokinetic analysis and toxicity study also summarized in current review. The emphasis on enhancing solubility and permeability for clinical utility has been thoroughly highlighted with particular attention given to the utilization of nano formulations to overcome existing barriers. At last, in‐depth analysis of current challenges and a forward‐looking perspective deliberated to address the existing gaps and position it as a promising lead compound for clinical applications in cancer treatment. This discussion is boosted by diosmetin's potential anticancer properties on different cancers, makes valuable candidates in the ongoing quest for effective therapeutic interventions against cancer.
On the optimization of Maxwell's eigenvalues as functions of the electric permittivity in a cavity
Authors: Lamberti Pier Domenico , Luzzini Paolo , Zaccaron Michele
Published: June 2024

We formulate an optimization problem for the dependence of the eigenvalues of Maxwell's equations in a cavity with perfect electric conducting boundary upon variation of the electric permittivity, and we prove a corresponding Maximum Principle.
A regularization strategy to a backward problem for general nonlinear parabolic equations in Sobolev spaces
Authors: Hai Dinh Nguyen Duy
Published: June 2024

This article is devoted to solving a backward problem for general nonlinear parabolic equations in Sobolev spaces. The problem is hardly solved by computation since it is severely ill‐posed in Hadamard's sense. Using the Fourier transform and the truncation of high‐frequency components, we construct a regularized solution for the problem from the data given inexactly. As usual for ill‐posed problems, the rate of convergence can be obtained under additional smoothness assumptions on the regularity of the exact solution, the so‐called source conditions. By using a source condition in a generalized form, we prove a convergence estimate in a Sobolev space
. Corresponding to different levels of the source condition, the convergence rates are improved gradually. We apply our theory to the backward problem with a convection–diffusion operator and a cubic nonlinearity. Finally, the numerical results are presented to test the validity of the proposed regularization method.
Review of chemical models and applications in Geant4‐DNA: Report from the ESA BioRad III Project
Authors: Tran Hoang Ngoc , Archer Jay , Baldacchino Gérard , Brown Jeremy M. C. , Chappuis Flore , Cirrone Giuseppe Antonio Pablo , Desorgher Laurent , Dominguez Naoki , Fattori Serena , Guatelli Susanna , Ivantchenko Vladimir , Méndez José‐Ramos , Nieminen Petteri , Perrot Yann , Sakata Dousatsu , Santin Giovanni , Shin Wook‐Geun , Villagrasa Carmen , Zein Sara , Incerti Sebastien
Published: June 2024

A chemistry module has been implemented in Geant4‐DNA since Geant4 version 10.1 to simulate the radiolysis of water after irradiation. It has been used in a number of applications, including the calculation of G‐values and early DNA damage, allowing the comparison with experimental data. Since the first version, numerous modifications have been made to the module to improve the computational efficiency and extend the simulation to homogeneous kinetics in bulk solution. With these new developments, new applications have been proposed and released as Geant4 examples, showing how to use chemical processes and models. This work reviews the models implemented and application developments for modeling water radiolysis in Geant4‐DNA as reported in the ESA BioRad III Project.
CT‐based synthetic iodine map generation using conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model
Authors: Gao Yuan , Xie Huiqiao , Chang Chih‐Wei , Peng Junbo , Pan Shaoyan , Qiu Richard L. J. , Wang Tonghe , Ghavidel Beth , Roper Justin , Zhou Jun , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: June 2024

Background

Iodine maps, derived from image‐processing of contrast‐enhanced dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) scans, highlight the differences in tissue iodine intake. It finds multiple applications in radiology, including vascular imaging, pulmonary evaluation, kidney assessment, and cancer diagnosis. In radiation oncology, it can contribute to designing more accurate and personalized treatment plans. However, DECT scanners are not commonly available in radiation therapy centers. Additionally, the use of iodine contrast agents is not suitable for all patients, especially those allergic to iodine agents, posing further limitations to the accessibility of this technology.

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to generate synthetic iodine map images from non‐contrast single‐energy CT (SECT) images using conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM).

Methods

One‐hundered twenty‐six head‐and‐neck patients’ images were retrospectively investigated in this work. Each patient underwent non‐contrast SECT and contrast DECT scans. Ground truth iodine maps were generated from contrast DECT scans using commercial software syngo.via installed in the clinic. A conditional DDPM was implemented in this work to synthesize iodine maps. Three‐fold cross‐validation was conducted, with each iteration selecting the data from 42 patients as the test dataset and the remainder as the training dataset. Pixel‐to‐pixel generative adversarial network (GAN) and CycleGAN served as reference methods for evaluating the proposed DDPM method.

Results

The accuracy of the proposed DDPM was evaluated using three quantitative metrics: mean absolute error (MAE) (1.039 ± 0.345 mg/mL), structural similarity index measure (SSIM) (0.89 ± 0.10) and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) (25.4 ± 3.5 db) respectively. Compared to the reference methods, the proposed technique showcased superior performance across the evaluated metrics, further validated by the paired two‐tailed t‐tests.

Conclusion

The proposed conditional DDPM framework has demonstrated the feasibility of generating synthetic iodine map images from non‐contrast SECT images. This method presents a potential clinical application, which is providing accurate iodine contrast map in instances where only non‐contrast SECT is accessible.
Performance evaluation of iterative PET reconstruction with resolution recovery incorporating Gallium‐68 positron range correction
Authors: Gavriilidis Prodromos , Koole Michel , Marinus Anouk , Jansen Floris P. , Deller Timothy W. , Mottaghy Felix M. , Wierts Roel
Published: June 2024

Background

The distance traveled by the positron before annihilation with an electron, the so‐called positron range, negatively effects the positron emission tomography (PET) image quality for radionuclides emitting high‐energy positrons such as Gallium‐68 (68Ga).

Purpose

In this study, the effect of a tissue‐independent positron range correction for Gallium‐68 (68Ga‐PRC) was investigated based on phantom measurements. The effect of the 68Ga‐PRC was also explored in four patients.

Methods

The positron range distribution profile of 68Ga in water was generated via Monte Carlo simulation. That profile was mapped to a spatially invariant 3D convolution kernel which was incorporated in the OSEM and Q.Clear reconstruction algorithms to perform the 68Ga‐PRC. In addition, each reconstruction method included point spread function (PSF) modeling and time‐of‐flight information. For both Fluorine‐18 (18F) and 68Ga, the NEMA IQ phantom was filled with a sphere‐to‐background ratio of 10:1 and scanned with the GE Discovery MI 5R PET/CT system. Standard non‐positron range correction (PRC) reconstructions were performed for both radionuclides, while also PRC reconstructions were performed for 68Ga. Reconstructions parameters (OSEM: number of updates, Q.Clear: beta value) were adapted to achieve similar noise levels between the corresponding reconstructions. The effect of 68Ga‐PRC was assessed for both OSEM and Q.Clear reconstructions and compared to non‐PRC reconstructions for 68Ga and 18F in terms of image contrast, noise, recovery coefficient (RC), and spatial resolution. For the clinical validation, 68Ga‐labeled prostate‐specific membrane antigen (68Ga‐PSMA) and 68Ga‐DOTATOC PET scans were included of two patients each. For each PET scan, patients were injected with 1.5 MBq/kg of 68Ga‐PSMA or 68Ga‐DOTATOC and the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) was calculated and compared to the non‐PRC reconstructions.

Results

For OSEM reconstructions, including the 68Ga‐PRC improved the RC by 9.4% (3.7%–19.3%) and spatial resolution by 21.7% (4.6 mm vs. 3.6 mm) for similar noise levels. For Q.Clear reconstructions, 68Ga‐PRC modeling improved the RC by 6.7% (2.8%–10.5%) and spatial resolution by 15.3% (5.9 mm vs. 5.0 mm) while obtaining similar noise levels. In the patient data, the use of 68Ga‐PRC enhanced the CNR by 13.2%.

Conclusions

Including 68Ga‐PRC in the PET reconstruction enhanced the image quality of 68Ga PET data compared to the standard non‐PRC reconstructions for similar noise levels. Limited patient results also supported this improvement.
Development of the Japanese version of the Challenging Experience Questionnaire
Authors: Tani Hideaki , Yonezawa Kengo , Kusudo Keisuke , Barrett Frederick S. , Nakajima Shinichiro , Uchida Hiroyuki
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The therapeutic potential of psychedelics for various mental disorders has gained significant interest. Previous studies have highlighted that psychedelics induce psychoactive effects, including challenging aspects of experiences. These experiences are assessed using the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), yet its Japanese version has been unavailable. This study aimed to create a Japanese version of the CEQ.

Methods

We followed the “Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient‐Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation.” Initially, two Japanese psychiatrists independently conducted the forward translations. These were then reconciled into a single version, which was back‐translated into English. The original authors reviewed this back‐translation for accuracy, leading to revisions through continuous dialogue until the original authors approved the final version.

Results

The final, approved back‐translated version of the CEQ is presented in the figure.

Conclusions

This study developed a Japanese version of the CEQ, enabling the assessment of challenging experiences during psychedelic‐assisted therapy for Japanese speakers. Further studies are needed to assess the reliability and validity of this newly translated version.
Neuropsychiatric manifestations due to anticholinergic agents and anabolic steroids ingestion: A case series and literature review
Authors: Talabaki Homa , Soltani Mahkameh , Abbasi Ali , Sharifi Vahid , Salehi Narges , Zakariaei Zakaria
Published: June 2024

Anticholinergic toxicity is a common occurrence in the emergency room, making it crucial for emergency clinicians to have a good understanding of this toxidrome. The neuropsychiatric effects of anticholinergic agents and anabolic steroids (ASs) can manifest as symptoms like anxiety, agitation, dysarthria, confusion, seizures, visual hallucinations, bizarre behavior, delirium, psychosis, and coma. When dealing with a conscious patient who has ingested an anticholinergic substance, a detailed history of ingestion can aid clinicians in making an accurate diagnosis. However, the lack of information about the substances consumed can complicate diagnosis. In cases where the exposure is unknown, clinicians should consider anticholinergic poisoning in patients showing signs of altered mental status and physical examination findings consistent with anticholinergic toxicity. We report four cases presenting a range of symptoms, including neuropsychiatric manifestations, following the ingestion of the same bodybuilding powders with anticholinergic properties. All four patients consumed yellow and white powders at the same time and in the same place. Laboratory analysis revealed that yellow powder and white powder contained ASs and cyproheptadine, respectively.
Bronze age horsemen: An evaluation of pathological and nonpathological changes for indicators of “horsemanship syndrome” of the Strzyżów culture population, Poland, 2000–1600 BC
Authors: Hyrchała Anna , Lorkiewicz‐Muszyńska Dorota
Published: June 2024

Numerous pathological and nonpathological changes examined on human bones are classified and related to various types of physical activities practiced during life. Some activities in ancient populations can be reconstructed based on studies of specific patterns and types of skeletal changes. Recently, particular attention has been paid to evaluate diagnostic traits that are commonly interpreted as “horsemanship syndrome.” In the present study, as of the time of writing, 100 skeletons from 23 archaeological sites of the Strzyżów culture in south‐eastern Poland have been cataloged and analyzed. Preliminary analysis showed that 31 individuals were of subadult age and 46 adult skeletons were poorly preserved. In further research, authors focused on pathological and nonpathological changes in bone morphology associated with horseback riding among the remaining 23 adult individuals. Diagnostic traits including pelvic and lower limbs entheses, acetabular shape (vertical ovalisation), femoroacetabular morphological changes, subtrochanteric shape (platymeria), and specific vertebral degeneration and specific trauma lesions were analyzed related to biomechanical stress from frequent horseback riding. An evaluation gave results with high level of diagnostic certainty for four individuals and included two males, one female, and one individual whose sex could not be clearly determined due to the fragmented and incomplete preservation of the skull and pelvis. Lower probability was received in the next three cases included one male, one female, and one probably female. This study revealed that a proportion of the Strzyżów culture population developed skeletal changes compatible with riding horses.
Agalactosyl IgG induces liver fibrogenesis via Fc gamma receptor 3a on human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Ho Cheng‐Hsun , Chang Ting‐Tsung , Lin Hsien‐Chang , Wang Sheng‐Fan
Published: June 2024

The relevance of aberrant serum IgG N‐glycosylation in liver fibrosis has been identified; however, its causal effect remains unclear. Because hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contribute substantially to liver fibrosis, we investigated whether and through which mechanisms IgG N‐glycosylation affects the fibrogenic properties of HSCs. Analysis of serum IgG1 N‐glycome from 151 patients with chronic hepatitis B or liver cirrhosis revealed a positive correlation between Ishak fibrosis grading and IgG1 with agalactosyl N‐glycoforms on the crystallizable fragment (Fc). Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) IIIa was observed in cultured human HSCs and HSCs in human liver tissues, and levels of FcγRIIIa in HSCs correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis. Additionally, agalactosyl IgG treatment caused HSCs to have a fibroblast‐like morphology, enhanced migration and invasion capabilities, and enhanced expression of the FcγRIIIa downstream tyrosine‐protein kinase SYK. Furthermore, agalactosyl IgG treatment increased fibrogenic factors in HSCs, including transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, total collagen, platelet‐derived growth factor subunit B and its receptors, pro‐collagen I‐α1, α‐smooth muscle actin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9. These effects were more pronounced in HSCs that stably expressed FCGR3A and were reduced in FCGR3A knockout cells. Agalactosyl IgG and TGF‐β1 each increased FCGR3A in HSCs. Furthermore, serum TGF‐β1 concentrations in patients were positively correlated with agalactosyl IgG1 levels and liver fibrosis severity, indicating a positive feedback loop involving agalactosyl IgG, HSC‐FcγRIIIa, and TGF‐β1. In conclusion, agalactosyl IgG promotes fibrogenic characteristics in HSCs through FcγRIIIa. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Quercetin allylation and thiol–ene click photopolymerization to produce biobased polymer thermosets with robust thermomechanical properties
Authors: Lechuga Islas Víctor D , Acosta Ortiz Ricardo , Yañez Macías Roberto , Hernández Jiménez Alan I
Published: June 2024

The development of biobased and functionalized monomers along with eco‐friendly photopolymerization processes represent promising methods for the development of renewable and more environmentally friendly thermosets. Thiol–ene ‘click’ photopolymerization is particularly advantageous in this regard; however, the materials derived from this method often exhibit low glass transition temperatures (Tg) and unsuitable thermomechanical properties for applications at room temperature. Herein, we report the synthesis of biobased allyl derivatives from quercetin, a renewable flavonoid compound widely available in fruits, vegetables and plants. We demonstrated the isolation of tetra‐ and penta‐allylated quercetin (Q1 and Q2, respectively) and their subsequent photoactivated thiol–ene polymerization. By introducing a biobased thiol curing agent (PTTMP) derived from glycerol and mercaptopropionic acid, we produced fully biobased crosslinked thermosets with high content of aromatic moieties provided by the framework of the monomers. Real‐time infrared spectroscopy showed the effective thiol–ene photopolymerization of Q1 and Q2 and PTTMP with conversions of 60% and 75%, respectively, after 15 min of UV irradiation. Due to the modulated crosslinking degree from the allyl group functionalization in the monomers, the biobased crosslinked networks showed storage moduli from 420 to 739 MPa, thermal stability from 220 to 257 °C and Tg values ranging from 75 to 90 °C. This work outlines straightforward strategies for creating biobased thermosets that overcome the limited thermomechanical properties of thiol–ene networks and offer potential antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Large cells suppress the reproduction of Varroa destructor
Authors: Zhang Lifu , Shao Linxin , Raza Muhammad Fahad , Zhang Yi , Li Zhigang , Huang Zachary Y. , Chen Yanping , Su Songkun , Han Richou , Li Wenfeng
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor has posed a threat to the health and survival of European honey bees, Apis mellifera worldwide. There is a prevailing belief that small comb cells could provide a management tool against Varroa mites. However, the hypothesis that smaller cells can impede Varroa reproduction has not been fully tested. Here, we tested this hypothesis under laboratory conditions by using two distinct Varroa in vitro rearing systems: one involved gelatin capsules of different sizes, specifically size 00 (0.95 mL) versus size 1 (0.48 mL), and the second consisted of brood comb cells drawn on 3D printed foundations with varying cell sizes, ranging from 5.0 mm to 7.0 mm at 0.5 mm intervals.

RESULTS

The results showed that mother mites in size 00 cells had significantly lower fecundity and fertility compared to those in size 1 cells. Interestingly, the reproductive suppression in larger cells could be reversed by adding an extra worker larva. Similarly, gonopore size of mother mites was smaller in size 00 cells, but restored with another host larva. Furthermore, both the fecundity and fertility of mother mites decreased linearly with the size of brood comb cells.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that the reproduction of V. destructor is hindered by larger cells, possibly because larger brood cells disperse or weaken host volatile chemical cues that are crucial for Varroa reproduction. The insights derived from this study are expected to hold significant implications for the implementation of Varroa management programs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of ethnic diversity on child labor: Empirical evidence from Ghana
Authors: Adabor Opoku , Ayesu Enock Kojo
Published: June 2024

One of the persistent global problems today is child labor with the current estimates indicating that 160 million children were in child labor as at the beginning of 2020. To reduce child labor, it is important to unearth the factors that influence it for policy implementation. We contribute to the literature and policy by examining the impact of ethnic diversity on child labor, while considering the mediating effects of informal work and household poverty. Using ethnic fractionalization and polarization indexes, we find that a unit increase in ethnic diversity is associated with an increase in child labor. Gender‐wise, we find the effect to be bigger for male child workers. Based on location, we find that the effect is pronounced for working children living in rural areas. Also, our mediation analysis shows that informal work, and household poverty are the pathways through which ethnic diversity increases child labor.
Synthesis of Nanocomposite Based Polysaccharide and Performance Evaluation for the Removal of Various Drug from Pharmaceuticals Wastewater
Authors: Moradi Omid , Mhdavi Samira , Sedaghat Sajjad
Published: June 2024

The present study performed synthesis and characterization nanocomposite based polysaccharide Chitosan/Agar and Chitosan/Agar/SiO2 nanoparticles as adsorbents for remove amoxicillin and naproxen as the pharmaceuticals from an aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of nanocomposite were investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE‐SEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). The removal performance of the Chitosan/Agar and Chitosan/Agar/SiO2 nanoparticles nanocomposite as adsorbent for removing amoxicillin and naproxen as sample of pharmaceutical industry effluents in aqueous solutions was investigated under different influence factors, including contact time, initial concentration, pH conditions and temperature. The maximum adsorption removal for amoxicillin with Agar/Chitosan and Agar/Chitosan/SiO2 nanocomposite at initial concentrations of 20 mg/l was 97.85 % and 87.9 %, respectively. With increasing temperature from 10 to 30°C, the removal efficiency for naproxen for both adsorbents is 99 %. The prepared nanocomposites showed good performance in adsorbing naproxen and amoxicillin. The maximum adsorption efficiency of nanocomposite was 99 % and 91 % for naproxen and amoxicillin, respectively. The optimum condition for pharmaceuticals removal by the nanocomposite was initial concentration: 20 mg/l, adsorbent dose: 0.05 g, contact time: 10 min, and pH=6.
Defect‐Rich Metastable MoS2 Promotes Macrophage Reprogramming in Breast Cancer: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Cui Mingyue , Qian Lulu , Lu Ke , Liu Jinjin , Chu Binbin , Wu Xiaofeng , Dong Fenglin , Song Bin , He Yao
Published: June 2024

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial function in solid tumor antigen clearance and immune suppression. Notably, 2D transitional metal dichalcogenides (i.e., molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanozymes) with enzyme‐like activity are demonstrated in animal models for cancer immunotherapy. However, in situ engineering of TAMs polarization through sufficient accumulation of free radical reactive oxygen species for immunotherapy in clinical samples remains a significant challenge. In this study, defect‐rich metastable MoS2 nanozymes, i.e., 1T2H‐MoS2, are designed via reduction and phase transformation in molten sodium as a guided treatment for human breast cancer. The as‐prepared 1T2H‐MoS2 exhibited enhanced peroxidase‐like activity (≈12‐fold enhancement) than that of commercial MoS2, which is attributed to the charge redistribution and electronic state induced by the abundance of S vacancies. The 1T2H‐MoS2 nanozyme can function as an extracellular hydroxyl radical generator, efficiently repolarizing TAMs into the M1‐like phenotype and directly killing cancer cells. Moreover, the clinical feasibility of 1T2H‐MoS2 is demonstrated via ex vivo therapeutic responses in human breast cancer samples. The apoptosis rate of cancer cells is 3.4 times greater than that of cells treated with chemotherapeutic drugs (i.e., doxorubicin).
Evolutionarily ancient deep‐water seep communities in the Eocene Tethys: examples from Buje (Croatia)
Authors: Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Birgel Daniel , Kaim Andrzej , Peckmann Jörn , Kiel Steffen
Published: June 2024

We report a newly discovered hydrocarbon seep deposit from the Eocene bathyal flysch, exposed in the town of Buje in Istria, Croatia. Molecular fossils of methane‐oxidizing prokaryotes and abundant banded botryoidal cements indicate strong fluid flux at this site. We systematically describe the fauna of this and another seep deposit previously reported from Buje. The faunal assemblages are composed of eight species, these being an unidentified solemyid protobranch bivalve, the nuculid Nucula bowerbanki?, the nuculanid Nuculana? sp., the mytilid Brachidontes? amanoi sp. nov., the two thyasirids Channelaxinus dinaricus sp. nov. and Thyasira histriaensis sp. nov., the lucinid bivalve Amanocina bujensis sp. nov., and a possible provannid gastropod. The two assemblages are of low diversity (4 and 5 species, respectively), and are dominated by chemosymbiotic species whose occurrence is largely restricted to seeps. Despite their spatial and stratigraphic proximity, the two deposits share only a single species, Channelaxinus dinaricus, probably due to different fluid flux regimes at both seeps. The Buje seep assemblages are among the very few Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene chemosynthesis‐based faunal assemblages from the Tethys Ocean (the others being Late Cretaceous vent assemblages from Cyprus). From an evolutionary perspective, the Buje seep communities consist of genera with Mesozoic origins but lack Cenozoic novelties such as bathymodiolin mussels and vesicomyid clams, which are known from coeval deposits from the Pacific and dominate vents and seeps today. Thus, the Buje seep fauna support previous assertions that the Eocene Tethyan seep faunas preserved an ancient aspect, whereas evolutionary novelties arose in the Pacific.
A trust distributed learning (D‐NWDAF) against poisoning and byzantine attacks in B5G networks
Authors: Ben Saad Sabra
Published: June 2024

Beyond 5G networks, (B5G) introduce the emergence of a smart service and an automate management archetype of running network slices, such as the network data analytics function (NWDAF). These new architectures provide a large usage of advanced machine learning algorithms, in order to dynamically build efficient decisions. In this perspective, the Distributed Learning (D‐), known as A Distributed NWDAF Architecture (D‐NWDAF) has proved its efficiency in not only building collaborative deep learning models, among several network slices, but also ensuring the privacy and isolation of such network slices. Notwithstanding, FL is vulnerable to different attacks, where FL nodes (Leaf NWDAF: AI‐VNFs*) may upload malicious updates to the FL central (root NWDAF) entity so that it can cause a construction failure of the FL global model and affect the global performance. Moreover, attacks detection of FL‐based solutions give “black‐box” decisions about the performance of running network slices and the attacks detected. In other words, detection solutions do not provide any details about why and how such ML attacks decisions were made. Thus, such decisions cannot be properly trusted and comprehended by B5G slice managers. To resolve this issue, we leverage Dimensional Reduction (DR) and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) algorithms which aim to detect attacks and improve the transparency of black‐box FL attacks detection‐making process. In the present article, we design a novel DR‐XAI‐powered framework to detect attacks and explain the FL‐based attacks detection. We first build a deep learning model in a federated way, to predict key performance indicators (KPI) of network slices. Then, we try to detect the malicious FL nodes, using DR and several XAI models, such as RuleFit, in order to enhance the level of trustiness, transparency, and the explanation of the FL‐based attacks detection, while adhering the data privacy, to different B5G network stakeholders.
Axial compressive behavior of fire‐damaged RC column strengthened with ECC‐CFRP grid
Authors: Wu Jing‐hui , Shang Xing‐yan , Zhang Shi , Yan Kai , Xu Fang‐zheng
Published: June 2024

To study the axial compressive performance of fire‐damaged reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened by engineered cementitious composites (ECC) combined with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) grids, eight RC columns were designed and fabricated to analyze the effects of fire exposure time, thickness of the strengthening layer, incorporation of the CFRP grid, and subjecting the strengthening layer to direct compression on the axial compressive performance of the strengthened columns by conducting fire and compressive tests. It was found that the ECC‐CFRP grid strengthening significantly increased the axial compressive load and axial deformation of the columns; the bearing capacity of the strengthened column subjected to fire for a longer period of time was lower under the same strengthening condition; when the thickness of the strengthening layer was increased, the load‐carrying capacity and axial deformation of the column were enhanced; the addition of CFRP grids could further improve the mechanical properties of the repaired column; when the strengthening layer was directly compressed, the axial deformation was significantly reduced, although the bearing capacity would be further increased. An analytical model of the strengthened column was established using the ABAQUS software, and a formula for calculating the bearing capacity of the strengthened column was derived.