bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso del modelo SI para describir la propagación de la influenza aviar altamente patógena en aves silvestres
Authors: Cruziniani Fátima Elis , Reis Patrício Dias Cardoso dos , Gabrick Enrique Chipicoski , Lima Rodrigo , Batista Antonio Marcos
Published: December 2023

Las enfermedades infecciosas son causadas por organismos patógenos como bacterias, virus o parásitos. Se transmiten entre huéspedes a través de diversos tipos de mecanismos, como el contacto directo. Un tipo de infección viral es la influenza aviar o gripe aviar, que puede transmitirse entre aves. La gripe aviar, que es altamente patógena, puede tener consecuencias devastadoras para la industria avícola y también para la salud de las aves silvestres. Se han desarrollado modelos matemáticos de la influenza aviar para analizar su propagación y obtener métodos de control. En este trabajo, consideramos el modelo SI (susceptible-infected) para estudiar datos recopilados en diferentes regiones de los Estados Unidos. Los datos se refieren a la gripe aviar altamente patógena en aves silvestres. Mostramos que, dependiendo de los parámetros y condiciones iniciales, el modelo SI se puede utilizar para ajustar los datos recopilados sobre la influenza aviar.
Resiliencia urbana y gestión de inundaciones en la Amazonia meridional: el papel vital de las zonas verdes en la ciudad de Sinop.
Authors: Buose Brenda , Buose Gabriellin
Published: December 2023

Este estudio se centra en analizar cómo la infraestructura verde puede reforzar la resiliencia urbana frente a las inundaciones en la ciudad de Sinop, situada al sur del Amazonas. La investigación pretende demostrar la relevancia de la infraestructura verde en la construcción de ciudades más resilientes y sostenibles. La metodología consistió en observaciones in situ y una revisión bibliográfica, explorando la relación entre la infraestructura verde y la resiliencia urbana. La relevancia académica radica en la aproximación a una región poco estudiada, llenando un vacío teórico y ofreciendo nuevas perspectivas para la planificación urbana sostenible. Los resultados destacan que la infraestructura verde, con zonas permeables y vegetación adecuada, puede reducir la escorrentía superficial, minimizando los efectos de las inundaciones urbanas. Este enfoque tiene implicaciones teóricas al subrayar la crucial integración entre los elementos naturales y el entorno construido para lograr la resiliencia urbana. Además, tiene implicaciones sociales y medioambientales relevantes, ya que la implantación de infraestructuras verdes no sólo mejora la calidad de vida en las ciudades, sino que también contribuye a la gestión sostenible de los recursos hídricos y a la preservación de los ecosistemas locales.
La importancia de una buena iluminación en el tráfico. Viabilidad técnica, seguridad y ahorro público.
Authors: Calixto Clarisse Machado Chaves , Souza Geovani Genovez , Casagrande Cristiano Gomes
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar, además de la viabilidad técnica y económica, la importancia de utilizar la tecnología LED (Light Emitting Diode - diodo emisor de luz, que convierte la energía eléctrica en energía luminosa) en la seguridad de peatones y conductores, quienes cuentan con una mejor visibilidad en el tráfico. Tomaremos como estudio la ciudad de Juiz de Fora, que inició en 2021 la sustitución y actualmente tiene aproximadamente el 40% de las farolas de la ciudad y la totalidad de sus semáforos.
Análisis del aprovechamiento de los recursos de FUNDURB en la ciudad de São Paulo y la perspectiva del derecho a la ciudad.
Authors: Oliveira Milena Andrade de , Cortese Tatiana Tucunduva Philippi
Published: December 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la efectividad y aplicabilidad de los recursos del Fondo de Desarrollo Urbano (FUNDURB) en la ciudad de São Paulo, a partir de la implementación de instrumentos urbanísticos garantizados por el Plan Director Estratégico del municipio. Los análisis presentados se basan en autores como Carvalho (2002), en lo que respecta a las relaciones constitucionales entre la concepción del Estatuto de la Ciudad en 2001 y la posterior idea de un plan director estratégico; Santoro, Lopes & Lemos (2016), en lo que respecta al análisis de la efectividad y operación del plan director de 2014 y el funcionamiento de FUNDURB en la ciudad de São Paulo; y Nakano & Rosseto (2021), en lo que respecta a la distribución y territorialización de los recursos liquidados del fondo en toda la ciudad. La metodología empleada implica investigación cualitativa de documentos públicos, informes financieros del Departamento de Hacienda e investigación de mapas, informes y otros datos de acceso público divulgados por el Departamento Municipal de Urbanismo y licencias. Los resultados demuestran cómo se están gestionando los recursos comprometidos y liquidados de FUNDURB, un instrumento sin duda indispensable y relevante para la construcción y mantenimiento de la infraestructura urbana en la ciudad de São Paulo.
Yarı İletken Yonga Plakası Haritalarındaki Kusur Sınıflandırılmaları İçin Derin Öğrenme Temelli Bir Karar Destek Yönteminin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: ERGEN Gökhan , DÜVEN Ekrem
Published: December 2023

Yarı iletken devre elemanı üretim teknolojilerinde gerçekleşen gelişimler, bu elemanların üzerinde yer aldığı yonga plakası üretim süreçlerini daha karmaşık ve hassas hale getirmektedir. Üretim ile ilişkili çevresel koşullar, malzeme kalitesi gibi çeşitli faktörler, yonga plakası üzerinde kusursuz olarak nitelendirilebilecek alan miktarını yani verimi doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bir yarı iletken yonga plakası üzerindeki kusurlu alanların oluşturabileceği desenler standart olarak tanımlanmış durumdadır. İncelenen bir yonga plakası yüzeyindeki kusurların bu tanımlara göre sınıflandırılması, üretim süreçlerinde oluşan problemlerin kaynaklarının belirlenmesi için önemli bilgiler sağlayabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, mevcut uygulamalarda her yarı iletken yonga levhası için insan operatörler tarafından yapılan kusur deseni sınıflandırma işlemini belirli bir güvenlik değerine kadar otomatik olarak gerçekleştiren ve böylece toplam işlem süresini azaltan bir karar destek yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemde temel sınıflandırma işlemi için derin öğrenme metotlarıyla eğitilmiş bir ağ yapısı kullanılmaktadır. İstenilen güvenlik değerinin üzerinde bir doğrulukla sınıflandırılan yonga plakaları doğru sınıflandırılmış olarak kabul edilmekte, bu değerin altında kalan yonga plakaları ise insan operatörün incelemesine tabi tutulmaktadır. Yöntemin kullanılması ile; ortalama büyüklükte bir yonga plakası üretim tesisi için geçerli günlük toplam inceleme süresi, tüm incelemenin insan operatör tarafından yapıldığı durumda geçerli sürenin %10’una indirilebilmekte, ayrıca insan operatörün yapabileceği öznel değerlendirmelerin de önüne geçilebilmektedir.
Türk Destanı Arketiplerinin Çağdaş Mitoloji Ekseninde Yeniden Tasarlanması
Authors: ÇAKIR Elif Merve , BULDUK TÜRKMEN Banu
Published: December 2023

Türk destanları, binlerce yıllık Türk kültürü ve tarihine ait kültürel miraslardır. Genellikle kahramanlık, savaş, aşk ve doğaüstü varlıklar gibi konuları ele alan destanların, bu konuları işlerken kurgularında arketipik karakterler kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde, arketipik karakterlerin çağdaş mitoloji ekseninde yorumlanarak tasarlanması ve güncel hikayelerde kullanılması toplumların ortak değerlerini yansıtması açısından önemlidir. Mitolojik hikayeler ve semboller, kültürlerin en büyük mirası olan mitolojinin korunmasına, gelecek kuşaklara aktarılmasında etkili olmaktadır. Literatür incelendiğinde ülkemizde Türk destanlarının konu edinildiği basılı veya dijital platformlara yönelik karakter tasarımlarının üretimi konusunda dünyanın gerisinde kalındığı gözlemlenmektedir. Makale çalışmasında literatüre katkıda bulunurken, şimdiye kadar üretilmiş, başarılı çağdaş mitolojik karakter tasarımları hikayeleri ve üretim biçimleri ile ele alınacaktır. Bu araştırma makalesinde oluşturulan örnek inceleme tablosu ile incelenen örnekler temel alınarak bir Yaradılış Destanı arketipi olan Tanrı Ülgen karakterine alternatif karakter tasarımı fikirleri üretilmiştir. Bu karakter tasarımı fikirlerinin alanda yapılacak animasyonlara, dijital oyun tasarımlarının üretimlerinde kullanılan tekniklere ışık tutması, Türk kültürünün diğer kültürler tarafından tanınmasında etkili olması beklenmektedir.
PR ACTIVITIES OF MUSLIM ORGANIZATIONS IN UKRAINE (2010–2023)
Authors:   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine, Slyusar Vadym , Predko Olena ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Slyusar Mykola ,   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

The content and main directions of PR activities of Muslim religious organizations in Ukraine were analyzed. It was determined that the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine "Umma", the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine and the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea carry out such activities most systematically, which is characterized by the use of many resources and modern media technologies, although there is a lack of systematicity. Their PR activity is multi-channel: through print and electronic media, as well as radio and television, although Internet resources, including social networks, prevail. Muslim religious organizations both create their own media content and translate global media. A universal model of PR activities of Muslim organizations is the posting of general information on the basics of Islamic belief and features of religious practice, as well as digitized thematic literature, on electronic resources. Muslim religious organizations in their PR activities also use streaming technologies, i.e. continuous broadcasting of events in real time, mainly to cover charitable, cultural and educational PR actions conducted by the organization. Facebook, Instagram and Telegram are the main social media channels used by Muslim organizations for PR activities, where content is regularly posted on the pages of communities and spiritual leaders. An important direction of the PR activities of Muslim organizations in Ukraine is the coverage of their leadership's participation in state events, as well as the adoption of declarations of their interaction with the authorities and the public. The signing of the Charter of Muslims of Ukraine and the Social Concept of Muslims of Ukraine became significant. The components of PR activities of Muslim organizations are cultural (as patronage and as intercultural mass communication), charity, work with children and youth.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE RELIGIOSITY OF THE POPULATION OF POST-SOCIALIST EASTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN THE FORMAT OF RELIGIOUS, MIXED, ATHEISTIC CULTURE
Authors:   H. S. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yarotskyi Petro
Published: December 2023

This process is studied in the context of a survey conducted by the international network of Catholic pastoral theologians in 10 countries in Eastern and Central Europe, which after totalitarian socialism and state atheism began the creation of constitutional guarantees of freedom of conscience and religion. Among the problems studied by pastoral theologians, we highlight those that relate to the subjective perceptions of respondents about their understanding of the essence of God and the importance of religion for modern man and society. This allowed identifying the respondents as persons of religious, non-religious and atheistic tendencies such as: a sense of religious or non-religious meaning of life; attitude to religious rites and holy sacraments of modem youth; understanding the functioning of the church as a confessional institution or community of believers with a meaningful religious attitude. This format of research made it possible to study and identify three groups of post- socialist European countries, which are characterized by pastoral theologians as the countries of "religious culture", "mixed culture", "atheistic culture". The religiosity of the population in these cultures acquires the following verification: religious fundamentalism with a conservative attitude to the role of religion in personal and public life; religious indifferentism including indifference to religion and the church; practical atheism with a narrowed attitude to the religious development of the individual on the basis of spiritual values, accompanied by consumptionism, i.e. exclusively material development which replaced ideological Marxist materialism, giving a non-religious meaning to life in the secular world.
RADICAL CONSTRUCTIVISM AS A NEW COURSE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Puchkova Daria
Published: December 2023

With the dynamic development of cognitive sciences, the principles of interdisciplinary projects of naturalistic epistemology began to be revised in view of the limited scientific validity of their theories. Based on the sources, it was analyzed whether modern radical constructivism can appear as a modified form of evolutionary epistemology and how cognitive biology modernizes these two projects in real time with the participation of the latest developments of the evo-devo-perspective, which indicates the integration of all modern theoretical approaches to the study of epistemology of knowledge: computer biology, biosemiotics, cognitive research, etc. It was found that radical constructivism and evolutionary epistemology have the same methodological position, which is contained in the understanding of life and knowledge from two sides of the same process. Cognition is an activity that is part of self-reproduction and self-preservation of autopoiesis systems. The interaction of the autopoiesis system, which is a living organism (humans, animals, plants) with the surrounding environment is a cognitive interaction. When cognition is understood as a life process, it includes perception, emotional activity, and behavior, which is also the object of analysis of cognitive biology. It is shown that neither evolutionary epistemology nor radical constructivism and cognitive biology is a closed theory or a completed project. The boundaries of cognitive biology are expanding to such an extent that we are starting to talk about cognitive neuroscience – a field in which the biological basis of cognition is studied, first of all, the neural substrate of mental processes, and about the synthesizing convergence of cognitive sciences and life sciences. It gives grounds for the creation of neuroethics, neuroaesthetics, neuropolitics, and neurophilosophy. Such projects are transdisciplinary, as they include the study of genetic components of changes, and evolution and development, that is, the study of the relationship between evolution and development, between phylogeny and ontogenesis. Accordingly, these projects appear not as systems of knowledge, not as established disciplines, but as research programs of an interdisciplinary nature – because the basis and boundaries of their research are currently expanding and closely related to each other.
THE CONCEPT OF THE "MASS LINE " IN CHINESE MARXISM: FROM MAO ZE-DONG TO THE PRESENT
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Rudenko Sergii , Turenko Vitalii ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to understanding the idea of the concept of the "mass line" in Chineseized Marxism. It was revealed that although the concept of the "mass line" was proposed by Mao Ze-Dong in the texts of a number of his works, one of its theoretical bases was the reasoning of both K. Marx and V. Lenin, who emphasized the importance of not just leadership of the masses, peoples, but a permanent one of its kind "monitoring" to learn about their interests, preferences and beliefs. It is substantiated that this concept is not only political/social-philosophical, but also epistemological and methodological. Since its operation involves gathering diverse views from below and transforming them into systematic positions and experimental policies, the consequences of which are then investigated, discussed and returned to the system. It is proved that the functioning of the "mass line" is not stable, but dynamic, in accordance with the situation of the time in general in the world and internal transformations in China itself. This concept in the era of globalization acquires new innovative, technological features, which requires further and thorough rethinking by modern thinkers of this country.
The experience of applying vagus nerve stimulation in treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Authors: Shatokhin A. A. , Karpov S. M. , Kushnareva E. V. , Peshkova I. A. , Shatokhin A. V. , Vyshlova I. A.
Published: December 2023

The article presents a clinical case of adult patient with pharmacoresistant epilepsy lacking focal cerebral morphological changes, who was surgically implanted with a vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) system. The results of 6 months-long treatment were analyzed. In addition, available publications were reviewed to evaluate effectiveness of the VNS system in different patient groups. Current clinical case was featured with significant positive dynamics revealed by regression of epileptic seizures and no recorded epileptiform activity based on electroencephalography during VNS stimulation. In the absence of morphological cerebral focal changes in adult patients, installation of the VNS system is an effective and safe method to control pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Clinical features of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by KCNQ2 gene mutation
Authors: Malov А. G. , Kalashnikova Т. P. , Vdovina N. А.
Published: December 2023

Current classification of epileptic syndromes proposed in 2022 by the International League Against Epilepsy, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) caused by mutation in the KCNQ2 gene is identified as an independent nosological form. Alternative names for this disease are DEE type 7 or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 7 (OMIM: 613720). The article presents a brief literature review on the topic as well as our personal clinical observation of this rare pathology.
Assessing neurotropic effects of new antiepileptic nitrogen-containing drugs
Authors: Paronikyan R. G. , Avakyan G. G. , Avakyan V. N. , Paronikyan E. G.
Published: December 2023

Objective: to evaluate an effectiveness of new nitrogen-containing compounds for alleviating epileptiform conditions in animal experimental study, and conduct molecular modeling of a new neurotropic drug.

Material and methods. The anticonvulsant and psychotropic effects of six new heterocyclic compounds synthesized at the Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry were analyzed: № 1 (tetrahydrobenzothienopyrimidine), № 2 (pyridopyrimidine), № 3 (pyranotriazolopyridine), № 4 (thioalkylpyranotriazolopyridine), № 5 (pyrazolyltetrahydrothienoisoquinoline), and № 6 (thioxopyranopyridine). Experiments were carried out with 300 white outbred male mice weighing 18–24 g and 48 male rats weighing 120–150 g. The anticonvulsant spectrum of action was assessed in mice using the following tests: maximum electric shock, corazole-induced seizure. The psychotropic compound-related properties were analyzed using the following tests: elevated plus maze, open field, conflict situation. The neurotoxic compound-related effects were evaluated by incoordination of movements in rotating rod test. Comparison was performed with pufemide (3-(p-isopropoxyphenyl)succinimide), ethosuximide and diazepam.

Results. The new nitrogen-containing drugs were revealed to exhibit high anticonvulsant activity, especially observed in corazoleinduced seizure test. All select compounds have anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, psychosedative or behavior-activating effects. Compound № 1 (N3212) is the most effective (median effective dose is 16 mg/kg) in antagonism to corazole action and is significantly superior to ethosuximide and pufemide exceeding by 10- and 5-fold, respectively. The compound shows least toxic (median lethal dose is 2300 mg/kg) and low neurotoxic (median toxic dose is 660 mg/kg) effects. Therapeutic and protective indices for Compound No. 1 exceeds that of ethosuximide by 17- and 13-fold, and of pufemide by 6- and 8-fold, respectively.

Conclusion. The select compounds are superior to the approved drugs used in medical practice, pufemide and ethosuximide. A Compound N3212 selected among them may find application as an anticonvulsant drug with psychotropic effects.
Endometrial hyperplastic processes: modern approaches to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Sviridova N. I. , Tkachenko L. V. , Yakhontova M. A. , Gritsenko I. A. , Maximov S. N. , Puryaseva K. A.
Published: December 2023

An issue of endometrial hyperplastic processes in the reproductive period is one of the pressing problems of gynecology due to their high prevalence in this age group. The continuing interest in this issue is determined by the data that endometrial hyperplastic processes tend to have a long, relapsing course, the lack of specific, pathognomonic symptoms as well as the complexity in differential diagnosis and choice of methods for prevention and treatment. Unfortunately, the problem of treating such patients remains far from being solved, which dictates a need to optimize patient management tactics, which should be aimed not only at creating proper integrated approaches to predicting development and recurrence of endometrial hyperplastic processes, but also developing a differentiated approach to management patients with this pathology in order to reduce gynecological and oncological morbidity as well as increase reproductive potential in this patient cohort.
Analysis of prospects for improvement and development of vehicle suspension structures
Authors: Martynov Evgeniy N. , Potashov Ilya S. , Bokarev Alexander I.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: The growth of consumer expectations from an automaker encourages engineers to develop and implement new design, technical and electronic solutions in various vehicle systems to ensure the stability of the vehicle’s consumer attributes at low and high speeds in a variety of road conditions. In the direction of achieving the required consumer attributes of a vehicle, the design of the suspension links plays a decisive role. There is a wide variety of design and technical solutions, so the task of conducting a review study to reflect the trend in suspension architecture development becomes relevant.
AIMS: Determination of the trend in the development of design and technical solutions used in the vehicle chassis, aimed to improve the operational attributes of a vehicle such as stability, handling, ride smoothness and reliability.
METHODS: Methods of statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The results are presented in the form of a systematic statistical study of design and technical solutions used in the vehicle chassis, aimed to improve the operational attributes of a vehicle.
CONCLUSIONS: The result obtained can be applied for the correct goal setting in the development of passenger cars.
Definition of parameters of loading modes of the test bench for tractor cabin’s vibration isolators
Authors: Gozhaev Zakhid A. , Shekhovtsov Viktor V. , Potapov Pavel V. , Iskaliev Azamat I. , Yarkina Malika S. , Evseeva Apollinariya V.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: During the operation, tractor cabin’s vibration isolators are under the simultaneous load vertical, longitudinal- and lateral-angular vibrations of the cabin. These vibrations have different amplitudes, frequencies and time-domain behavior. It is possible to simulate comprehensive operational loads on vibration isolators only with bench testing.
AIMS: Within this study, the trial to define parameters of loading modes for bench testing of tractor cabin’s vibrational isolators and to define corresponding parameters of drives of the bench loading devices was made.
METHODS: This paper presents explanation and the results of calculation of loading modes parameters for testing of tractor cabin’s vibration isolator at the bench capable of producing loads from vertical, longitudinal- and lateral-angular vibrations of a tractor cabin simultaneously, as well as the results of calculation of corresponding parameters of drives of this bench. The procedure of preparation for testing was developed. This procedure includes estimation of values of operational loads amplitudes and frequencies, the range of change of necessary velocities and torques of electric drives of the bench loading devices and identification of adequate drives with required properties, determination of behavior of force and kinematic excitation reproduced by the test bench. Exemplary calculation of parameters of vertical loading at the considered bench was performed for the AKSS-400M rubber-metal vibration isolator used in cabin suspension of the K-708.4 wheeled tractor. A number of assumptions were made in the calculation. Nominal values of velocity and torque of the electric motor drive of the vertical loading device of the bench were obtained as the results. Thus, the electric motor with the reduction gear made by TRANSTECNO was selected. Characteristics of force and kinematic excitations reproduced by the bench using electric motor frequency control were built.
RESULTS: Analysis of graphs helped to define acceptable range of frequencies reproduced by the bench for operational loads in vertical direction limited by abilities of the selected electric drive.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of calculation of electric drive parameters can be used in design of the considered bench for testing of tractor cabin’s vibration isolators, particularly in the development of loading devices (cam eccentrics, pushers, return springs).
Switch inductor generators for special vehicles
Authors: Ryabykh Evgeniy A. , Maleev Ruslan A. , Akimov Andrey V.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: This paper discusses switch inductor generators for special vehicles. A generator is the main source of current that provides consumers with power in all operating modes of the engine, as well as charges an electrical battery. The main requirements that are imposed on generators are defined, such as high reliability and durability, corresponding to the service life of an internal combustion engine, as well as manufacturability, low cost and simple maintenance. It is shown that these requirements are most satisfied by switch inductor generators.
AIMS: Study of switch inductor generators in order to determine their main characteristics and parameters.
METHODS: The calculation of the idling characteristic is based on the circuit equivalent to the magnetic circuit of the inductor machine. The Blondel diagram is used to calculate the current-velocity characteristic.
RESULTS: A review and analysis of switch inductor generators of various design has been carried out. In recent years, anisotropic magnets have been used to increase the power of the generator and reduce its dimensions and weight, which, basically, are mortised to a rotor. The main characteristics and parameters of inductor generators are considered. A characteristic feature of an inductor machine, in comparison with conventional synchronous alternating current machines, is that there is a decrease in the electromotive force generated by the generator at high degrees of saturation, therefore, in inductor machines, the saturation level should be lower than in conventional synchronous ones.
CONCLUSIONS: In this paper, a switch inductor generator with a nominal voltage of 14 V and a maximal recoil current of 72 A was calculated according to a well-known method. As a result of the calculation, the main design parameters of the machine were determined, the calculation of the magnetic circuit of the electric machine was carried out and on the basis of which the idling characteristic was constructed. The calculation of the current-velocity characteristic was carried out using the Blondel diagram.
The method of considering the efficiency of flow compartments of multi-stage turbines when calculating energy characteristics
Authors: Gubarev Anton Y.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Modern methods of calculating energy characteristics of steam turbine units (STU) are based on development of digital models. Considering this, the main components of the STU’s model is a model of a multistage turbine.
AIMS: Improvement of existing methods of calculating energy characteristics taking into account influence of efficiency of flow compartments.
METHODS: Results of the studies dealing with new methods of development of energy characteristics of multi-stage turbines are presented in the article. In particular, the new method of considering the influence of changing the efficiency of flow compartments of multi-stage turbines depending on working body flow rate is proposed. The method of calculation of turbine energy characteristics is given. The proposed method is based on development of the model of a turbine unit taking into account changing of technical and economic performance of its specific elements depending on the load.
RESULTS: Results of theoretical justification of a non-linear dependency of turbine flow compartments’ power on working body flow rate based on changing internal efficiency of stages at variable modes described with the Stodola-Fluegel equation are given in the article.
Based on the solution of the Stodola-Fluegel equation, the equation for vane efficiency and the equation of isentropic heat drop, the dependence of flow compartment’s operation efficiency on relative working body flow rate is obtained. The advice for using it when modelling turbines is given.
The analysis of the experimental data obtained at the testing of the PT-60-130/13 steam turbine was carried out. Experimental dependency of the stages’ efficiency on steam flow rate are presented. It is established that the proposed dependency of internal efficiency of turbines’ flow compartments complies with the theoretical and experimental data in a good quality and can be used in calculation of energy characteristics and modelling.
As a practical value of the study, the model of the PT-60-130/13 turbine unit was developed. The mode diagram built with the use of the model and complying with the heat testing results is given.
CONCLUSIONS: The developed model of the turbine unit helps to simulate any operation mode depending on electric and heat loads. In addition, with the use of the model, it is possible to take into account the influence of deviation of external factors from nominal values at development of the system of correction or estimation of fuel consumption increase related to these deviations.
Numerical simulation of the diesel engine starting considering air pre-heating in the intake system
Authors: Elagin Mikhail Y. , Khmelev Roman N.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Low temperature of the intake air is one of the reasons of difficult starting of a cold diesel engine in conditions of negative outside temperatures. For a reliable staring of a cold diesel engine, it is necessary to have the temperature at the end of the compression stroke higher than the fuel self-ignition temperature. As the temperature at the end of the compression stroke is defined, first, by the temperature at the end of the intake stroke, the mentioned condition can be satisfied with preliminary warming of the air entering in a cylinder.
AIMS: The article is devoted to solving the task related to development of a mathematical model of a diesel engine taking into account air pre-heating in the intake system and ensuring simulation of the pre-starting mode, starting and operation of a diesel engine in conditions of low negative outside temperature.
METHODS: The enhanced mathematical model of a diesel engine basing on heat mechanics (thermodynamics of opened systems) which reflects main features of an internal combustion engine (ICE) as the system transforming energy in time domain is proposed in the article. The mathematical model’s equation system is based on laws of conservation of energy and mass, solid bodies’ motion equation and includes differential equations of changing of temperature and density of the working body in a cylinder, in the intake system and in the ICE’s crankcase, the ideal gas state equation as well as differential equations of changing of rotation velocity and rotation angle of an engine’s crankshaft.
RESULTS: The mathematical model was tried out on the example of the 1Ch9.5/8.0 multi-purposed air-cooled diesel engine. The results of simulation of the pre-starting mode, starting and operation of the diesel engine taking into account air pre-heating in the intake system are presented in the article.
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of air pre-heating at the intake in the design of diesel engines is the most effective way of ensure starting of the engines at low negative outside temperature. The obtained results help to develop recommendations of choosing power and operation modes of pre-heating devices for ensuring starting and operation of diesel engines in conditions of low negative outside temperatures.
Increasing the wear resistance of the ICE’s valves with the laser cladding method
Authors: Zavitkov Alexey V. , Loktev Alexander S. , Lyukhter Alexander B.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: There is plenty of factors leading to failure and expensive repair of piston engines at their operation. One of the widespread factors capable of affecting the engine operation is combustion chamber sealing failure. During the engine operation, gases combusting in a chamber bring pressure on working surfaces of a valve and a valve seat. If these surfaces do not ensure sealing, exhaust gases begin to leak in the exhaust manifold untimely, in some cases in the intake manifold as well. In addition, filling of cylinders with inlet charge worsens. In majority of cases, combustion chamber sealing failure caused by defect formation at working surfaces of the valve — valve seat coupling. In order to avoid combustion chamber sealing failures and other issues of operation of piston engines, it is necessary to minimize working surfaces wearing by means of wear-resistant coating.
AIMS: Wear- and corrosion-resistant coating of valve’s working surface to increase service life.
METHODS: The factors affecting the reliability of the valve — valve seat coupling were defined by means of literary sources analysis. Laser cladding at the valve’s chamfer was conducted with the laser robotized facility based on ytterbium fiber laser. Quality of the coated surface at the valve’s working chamfer was defined by means of metallographic study and liquid penetrant test.
RESULTS: After laser cladding of the PR-08Kh17N8S6G powder material at the valve’s working chamfer, the uniform coated surface with microhardness of 435–485 HV (44–48 HRC) was obtained.
CONCLUSIONS: The study results may be used for development and implementation of new kinds of wear-resistant surfaces that make it possible to increase the service life and to repair worn-down surfaces of components.
Lung cancer and HIV
Authors: Manikhas Georgy M. , Zakharenko Alexander  A. , Polezhaev Dmitry A. , Panteleev Alexandr M. , Gusev Denis A. , Panteleeva Olga V. , Zakirov Alexey R. , Gavrilov Pavel S.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: People, living with HIV, have a greater chance of malignancies especially with the success of antiretroviral therapy, and non-AIDS-defining cancers have become the most common cause of death after AIDS and the most common of them is the lung cancer in developed countries.
AIM: To research nosological characteristics of lung cancer in the context of HIV infection, HIV-associated risk factors during antiretroviral therapy and compare with global trends of this problem.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospectively were analyzed the medical documentation of 98 patients with lung cancer and HIV-infection, who were in database and received specialized treatment in Saint Petersburg from 2008 to 2018 years.
RESULTS: The population was dominated by patients of young (1844 years old) and middle (4559 years old) ages, 45.9% and 42.9%, respectively, and 11.2% of elderly patients (6074 years old), p 0.001, which satisfies the global data of earlier incidence of lung cancer in people living with HIV.
Adenocarcinomas were more common histological subtype of lung cancer as in the general population (p 0.001).
There was no static significance between high viral load and lung cancer, which can indicate the absence of a direct mechanism of HIV-carcinogenesis (90.8% of patients with low and medium viral load, p 0.001). Nevertheless, the prevalence of 4-stage of HIV infection among lung cancer patients (p 0.001) indicates a history of inflammatory diseases, including pulmonary diseases, as a result of induced immunosuppression due to CD8+-lymphocyte dysfunction and the formation of a micro-tumor environment, which can be a prognostic unfavorable factor in the occurrence of lung cancer in this group of patients , as well as indirect mechanism of viral carcinogenesis.
The presence of elderly patients (11.2%, MAX71 years) indirectly indicates an increasing of period of life expectancy among this category of patients in Russia.
CONCLUSION: The mechanisms of increased risk of lung cancer among HIV-infected people remain largely unclear and can be the area for active research. HIV-infected patients with lung cancer are younger than HIV-negative patients and have more advanced stages of cancer with a prevalence of adenocarcinoma type of cancer. The lung cancer prognosis of survival in HIV-infected people is much worse than that of persons without HIV-infection, but it is not fully known whether this is due to a more aggressive course of the disease, disparities in treatment, treatment resistance, or a greater risk and toxicity of therapy.
A case of successful treatment of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ben Ammar Amir M. , Ilyushin Andrey L.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Treatment of pancreatic cancer presents significant difficulties due to the aggressive course of the disease and the extremely low sensitivity of the tumor to standard chemotherapy. In recent years, researchers have increasingly considered the possibility of using immunotherapeutic drugs capable of potentiating the effectiveness of cytostatic therapy as part of antitumor treatment of such patients. They draw particular attention to the combination of interferon-γ and recombinant tumor necrosis factor thymosin-α-1, capable of activating an antitumor immune response, stimulating apoptosis of tumor cells, having a direct antiproliferative effect, causing destruction of neoplasm vessels, stimulating necrosis of tumor tissue.
DESCRIPTION: The patient with stage IV pancreatic head cancer underwent 13 courses of FOLFIRINOX therapy. Treatment was terminated because of increasing toxicity. According to computed tomography, disease progression was detected. The patient referred to cytokinogenetic therapy. After completion of the fourth treatment course, the partial response was seen on computed tomography scan. The TNFα level and the Karnofsky score both grew during the therapy.
CONCLUSION: Cytokinogenetic therapy made it possible to improve the patient’s quality of life, to stabilize his general condition and functional activity, to achieve partial regression of the tumor, and to increase the chances of survival.
Clinical results of cervix cancer treatment using various technologies in radiation therapy
Authors: Kravets Olga A. , Kurmanova Anara A. , Bogatyrev Vladimir N.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: The study reported clinical results of patients with cervical cancer, who were treated with different methodological approaches of radiation therapy (RT), switching from conventional to conformal irradiation, as well as different brachytherapy (BT) techniques.
AIM: To evaluate long-term results of treatment, locoregional and distant control.
METHODS: 137 patients having stage IIB–IIIB cervical cancer in 2013–2016 were analyzed retrospectively. 70 patients (51%), divided in two groups of n=35, were treated with conventional RT and two-dimensional (2D) planning of intracavitary BT with 60Сo alone or in combination with cisplatin (40 mg/m2). The total dose (TD) for point A was 75.08±0.57 Gy, for point B — 57.9±0.43 Gy. 67 patients (49%), divided in two groups of n=35 and n=32, were treated with conformal external-beam RT following three-dimensional (3D) planning of intracavitary BT with 192Ir alone or in combination with cisplatin (40 mg/m2), respectively. Total D90 of high-risk clinical target volume was 95.0±0.67 Gy EQD2 (Equivalent Total Dose in 2 Gy fraction).
RESULTS: 3- and 5-year overall survival rate with 3D-RT versus 2D-RT was 84.6±4.5% vs 63.1±6.0% and 84.6±4.5% vs 56.1±6.0%, respectively (p=0.030). It was revealed that modern technologies are also important in improving overall survival with image-guided RT: 3-year overall survival rate was higher in the group of image-guided RT combined with 3D-BT — 88.2±6.6% versus 59.0±8.4%, respectively (p=0.027). The use of chemoradiotherapy showed an advantage for 3-year event-free survival in groups with 2D RT — 67.9±8.4% versus 55.2±8.6% (p=0.042). Between the groups where 3D RT was used, no statistically significant differences were recorded. Locoregional control was higher in the 3D RT groups at 3 years of follow-up: 97.0±2.9% versus 82.9±5.3%, p=0.050. Chemoradiotherapy allows to reduce the number of local failures in the pelvis in the follow-up period up to 6 months, regardless of the RT technologies. The number of relapses and metastases in pelvis is lower when using 3D RT (3.0±2.1%) compared with 2D (15.7±4.4%), p=0.05. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of detection of metastases: with 2D RT — 5.7±2.8%, and with 3D RT — 9.0±3.5% (p 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The study proves the improvement of local control when using conformal RT and 3D-BT, which is an important component in the RT program for cervical cancer.
Effect of mechanical ventilation modes on salivary cortisol levels in preterm infants
Authors: SATAR Mehmet , KAPLAN Selin , TULİ Abdullah , AYDIN Ümmühan Fulden , YAPICIOĞLU Hacer , NARLI Nejat
Published: December 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between mechanical ventilation modes and stress levels by measuring salivary cortisol levels in preterm infants.
Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 65 preterm infants on respiratory support and 43 control preterm infants. The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was used to evaluate pain. To determine the stress level, salivary cortisol levels were studied in saliva samples taken in the morning and evening on the 4th postnatal day.
Results: In the study group, morning and evening cortisol levels of the infants were measured 8.33±5.7 ng/ml and 8.05±5.6 ng/ml, respectively. In the control group, morning and evening cortisol values of the infants were measured 1.50±0.7 ng/ml and 1.48±0.7 ng/ml, respectively. The morning and evening salivary cortisol levels of the infants in the study group were significantly higher than those of the infants in the control group. In the invasive mechanical ventilation group infants, morning and evening cortisol levels of the infants were measured 12.46±5,3 ng/ml and 12.0±5,2 ng/ml, respectively. In the non-invasive mechanical ventilation group, morning and evening cortisol values were measured 4.57±2.7 ng/ml and 4.41±2.7 ng/ml, respectively. Both morning and evening salivary cortisol levels of infants on invasive mechanical ventilation were higher than those of infants on non-invasive mechanical ventilation.
Conclusion: Increased salivary cortisol levels in invasive modes indicate that intubation causes pain and stress in newborns.
Serbest Ticaretin Erdemi: Barış
Authors: KIRLI Özlem
Published: December 2023

Manchester Okulu siyasal ve toplumsal yönden ilerleme hedefinde, bireylerin maddi beklentilerini iyileştirebilecek ekonomik görüşler geliştirirken, uluslararası ticaretin barışa olan katkılarına odaklanmıştır. Ticaret ve ekonomi büyüdükçe insanlar birbirine bağlanacak, siyasal yöntemler ve diplomasi gelişecektir. Siyasi çözümlerin gelişmesini engelleyen milletlerin kendini yüceltmesi, şovenizm ve milliyetçilik duyguları daha ılımlı bir tutuma dönüşebilecektir. Makalenin amacı, devletlerin siyasal ve ekonomik ulusal güç elde edebilmek ve kendi ulusal/iç politikalarındaki sorunları gizleyebilmek adına uluslararası politikaya nasıl yön verdiklerini ele alan Manchester Okulu ve Richard Cobden’in dünya barışının gerçekleştirilebilirliğine yönelik görüşleri ve çözüm önerilerini değerlendirmektir. Manchester Okulu kendi iç politikalarının dayandığı temeller olan merkantilizmin, korumacılığın ve aristokrat sınıfın gücünün savaşlarla pekiştirildiğini iddia eder. Çözüm önerileri serbest ticaretin geliştirilmesi, milletler arası iş birliğinin geliştirilmesi, korumacılığın kaldırılması, tahkimdir.
Açık ve Uzaktan Öğrenmenin Değerlendirme Bileşeni Bağlamında Yükseköğretimdeki Acil Uzaktan Öğretim Uygulamalarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: GENÇ Hakan , KESİM Mehmet
Published: December 2023

Kriz durumlarında Acil Uzaktan Öğretim yerine nitelikli Açık ve Uzaktan Öğrenme (AUÖ) uygulamalarının hayata geçirilebilmesi için kriz öncesinde oluşturulan planlamalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ancak kriz öncesi, esnası ve sonrası olmak üzere üç aşamalı kriz yönetimi gereği öncelikle deneyimlenen krizlerdeki uygulamaların değerlendirilmesi, bu değerlendirmelerin bir sonraki olası krizlere yönelik gerçekleştirilecek hazırlıklara yansıtılması gerekmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu araştırmada, deneyimlenmiş bir kriz durumu örneği olan COVID-19 sürecine odaklanılarak AUÖ’nün değerlendirme bileşeni bağlamında yükseköğretimdeki Acil Uzaktan Öğretim uygulamalarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada keşfedici durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 14 yükseköğretim kurumu, her bir kurumdan olmak üzere 14 akademisyen ve 14 öğrenen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri görüşmeler, dokümanlar ve araştırmacı günlüğü aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre AUÖ’nün değerlendirme bileşeni bağlamında, Acil Uzaktan Öğretim uygulamalarının yükseköğretim kurumlarına göre farklılık gösterdiği görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, olası yeni bir kriz durumunda, yükseköğretim kurumlarının; sınav güvenliği, sınav desteği ve sınav yöntemi bağlamında işe koştuğu uygulamalardaki farklılıkların ve çevrim içi ölçme değerlendirme altyapısı olanaklarındaki eşitsizliklerin nitelikli AUÖ uygulamaları ekseninde en aza indirgenmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Enhancing Psychological Capital in the Digital Age: A Fresh Look to Cyberloafing Phenomenon
Authors: KAÇMAZ Ece , ŞİMŞEK Eylem
Published: December 2023

In this study, the interaction between cyberloafing and psychological capital was examined by considering demographic characteristics. Scanning, relational and causal comparison models are used within the scope of the quantitative paradigm. The data of a total of 196 participants were analyzed. A series of correlation, variance and regression analysis was performed. According to the results of the analysis, cyberloafing and psychological capital averages differ significantly depending on demographic data. Cyberloafing scores of males and those with a lower age group are significantly higher. Women, those with low working years and younger age, and psychology proffesionals have lower psychological capital. Psychological capital is negatively related to the outcome and punishment sub-dimension and beliefs about the outcome, while the behavior, attitude and facilitator dimension is positively related. Regression analysis indicated that cyberloafing subfactors (consequences and punishment, beliefs about outcomes, and facilitating) accounted for 16.3% of PsyCap variance, while work experience contributed an extra 4.3%. Consequence and punishment, and beliefs about outcome are associated with decreased PS, facilitator dimension, and working year associated with increased PS. The study suggests that lenient policies on non-work-related internet use enhance employees' PsyCap through cyberloafing, whereas strict cautionary measures decrease it.