bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aiding early clinical drug development by elucidation of the relationship between tumor growth inhibition and survival in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Cheng Yiming , Hong Kevin , Chen Nianhang , Yu Xin , Peluso Teresa , Zhou Simon , Li Yan
Published: June 2022

Early prognosis of clinical efficacy is an urgent need for oncology drug development. Herein, we systemically examined the quantitative approach of tumor growth inhibition (TGI) and survival modeling in the space of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM), aiming to provide insights into clinical drug development. Longitudinal serum M‐protein and progression‐free survival (PFS) data from three phase III studies (N = 1367) across six treatment regimens and different patient populations were leveraged. The TGI model successfully described the longitudinal M‐protein data in patients with MM. The tumor inhibition and growth parameters were found to vary as per each study, likely due to the patient population and treatment regimen difference. Based on a parametric time‐to‐event model for PFS, M‐protein reduction at week 4 was identified as a significant prognostic factor for PFS across the three studies. Other factors, including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, prior anti‐myeloma therapeutics, and baseline serum ß2‐microglobulin level, were correlated with PFS as well. In conclusion, patient disease characteristics (i.e., baseline tumor burden and treatment lines) were important determinants of tumor inhibition and PFS in MM patients. M‐protein change at week 4 was an early prognostic biomarker for PFS.
Counselor training for Chinese international students in a United States graduate program: Experiences during training and after returning to China
Authors: Jacob Charles J.
Published: June 2022

An interpretative phenomenological analysis explored the experiences of former Chinese international students trained as counselors in a United States‐based program (n = 9), both with respect to training and work experiences upon returning to China. Themes included strong counselor identity, struggles with adapting to mental health policies in China, and complications acclimating to training in the United States. Suggestions for educators include emphasis on international education and adjustments to hiring practices.
Horizontal transmission might be a common route of hepatitis B virus exposure in highly endemic areas
Authors: Zheng Xiao‐Qun , Li Xin , Liu Jing , Shi Liang , Wang Hong‐Zhi , Tian Ke‐Gang , Pan Xiao‐Ben
Published: June 2022

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common viral pathogen that infects more than a third of the world's population; however, the transmission route remains to be further defined. The 18‐year implementation of the free HBV vaccine for children has greatly changed the prevalence of HBV infection in China, which presents a unique real‐world model for assessing the pattern of HBV transmission. Cross‐sectional data of HBV seromarkers between July 2019 and April 2020 were collected from 53 371 individuals aged 1–60 years in four areas of North to South in Eastern China. Longitudinal data of HBV seromarkers between 2007 and 2020 were collected from 177 adults in an area of South China. The regional‐ and age‐specific changes in HBV seromarkers were analyzed. Overall, positive rates of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg; from 3.44% to 15.1%) and antibody against HBV core antigen (anti‐HBc; from 7.6% to 44.0%) significantly increased from North to South. Among persons aged ≤18 years, the positive rates of antibody against HBsAg (anti‐HBs) and anti‐HBc (+) remained at low levels in the North, while they were increasing among persons aged >12 years in the South, despite higher positive rates of anti‐HBs (+). Among persons aged >18 years, the anti‐HBs (+) rates remained relatively stable (~60%), while anti‐HBc (+) rates increased significantly with age. Up to ~80% of the anti‐HBs (+) adults in the South was anti‐HBc (+) while it was 13.6% in the North. In the longitudinal cohort, the anti‐HBc (+) rate among adults in the South increased by 14.2% during 10 years of follow‐up. Horizontal transmission might be a common route in highly endemic areas, and may help to explain the high HBV exposure worldwide. The risk of horizontal transmission among children without seroprotective anti‐HBs should be notified in highly endemic areas.
Insight into summer drought in southern Italy: palaeohydrological evolution of Lake Pergusa (Sicily) in the last 6700 years
Authors: Zanchetta Giovanni , Baneschi Ilaria , Magny Michel , Sadori Laura , Termine Rosa , Bini Monica , Vannière Boris , Desmet Marc , Natali Stefano , Luppichini Marco , Pasquetti Francesca
Published: June 2022

The Sicily region (central Mediterranean) is at high risk of drying and desertification caused by current warming and land management. The aim of this study is to place current climatic changes within the past trajectories and natural climatic variability of the Holocene. For this we re‐examine a sediment core retrieved at Lake Pergusa covering the last ca. 6700 years. A multiproxy investigation, and in particular the oxygen isotope composition of lacustrine carbonate (δ18Oc), allowed us to reconstruct decadal‐ to centennial‐scale hydrological changes. The wettest period occurred between ca. 6700 and 6000 cal a bp. The δ18Oc record indicates a new period of wetter conditions between ca. 3700 and 2400 cal a bp. In particular, a δ18Oc minimum between 2850 and 2450 cal a bp overlaps with the period of the ‘Great Solar Minimum’ and corresponds to a dramatic reduction of arboreal pollen (AP%) and to an increase in synanthropic pollen, marking the onset of Greek colonization in the region. The longest driest interval corresponds to the Medieval Climate Anomaly, whereas the highest δ18Oc values are recorded in the last 150 years. The trend of the last 3000 years suggests that, considering future climate projections, the area will experience unprecedented drying exacerbated by human impact.
Conceptualizing learning health systems: A mapping review
Authors: de Bruin Josefien , Bos Cheryl , Struijs Jeroen Nathan , Drewes Hanneke Wil‐Trees , Baan Caroline Astrid
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Health systems worldwide face the challenge of increasing population health with high‐quality care and reducing health care expenditure growth. In pursuit for a solution, regional cross‐sectoral partnerships aim to reorganize and integrate services across public health, health care and social care. Although the complexity of regional partnerships demands an incremental strategy, it is yet not known how learning works within these partnerships. To understand learning in regional cross‐sectoral partnerships for health, this study aims to map the concept Learning Health System (LHS).

Methods

This mapping review used a qualitative text analysis approach. A literature search was conducted in Embase and was limited to English‐language papers published in the period 2015‐2020. Title‐abstract screening was performed using established exclusion criteria. During full‐text screening, we combined deductive and inductive coding. The concept LHS was disentangled into aims, design elements, and process of learning. Data extraction and analysis were performed in MAX QDA 2020.

Results

In total, 155 articles were included. All articles used the LHS definition of the Institute of Medicine. The interpretation of the concept LHS varied widely. The description of LHS contained 25 highly connected aims. In addition, we identified nine design elements. Most elements were described similarly, only the interpretation of stakeholders, data infrastructure and data varied. Furthermore, we identified three types of learning: learning as 1) interaction between clinical practice and research; 2) a circular process of converting routine care data to knowledge, knowledge to performance; and performance to data; and 3) recurrent interaction between stakeholders to identify opportunities for change, to reveal underlying values, and to evaluate processes. Typology 3 was underrepresented, and the three types of learning rarely occurred simultaneously.

Conclusion

To understand learning within regional cross‐sectoral partnerships for health, we suggest to specify LHS‐aim(s), operationalize design elements, and choose deliberately appropriate learning type(s).
Effects of Printing Sequence on the Printing Accuracy of Melt Electrowriting Scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Fucheng , Cao Kai , Zaeri Ahmadreza , Zgeib Ralf , Chang Robert C.
Published: June 2022

Melt electrowriting (MEW), an emergent additive manufacturing process, shows significant potential in fabricating high‐fidelity fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. However, fiber deviation can deteriorate the printing accuracy of MEW. To evaluate the printing accuracy, an evaluation protocol along with an index (Ip) is proposed. For the first time, 0–90 patterned and 0–θ patterned scaffolds with varying inter‐fiber distances along different printing directions are fabricated to establish the dependence of Ip on two distinct printing sequences. One sequence is the small–large sequence, which first prints the fibers separated by a small inter‐fiber distance, followed by fibers separated by a large inter‐fiber distance. Alternatively, for the large–small sequence, the fibers separated by a large inter‐fiber distance are printed prior to the fibers separated by a small inter‐fiber distance. The small–large sequence contributes to larger Ip results compared to the large–small sequence. Moreover, the printing sequence has more significant effects on the Ip for the 0–θ pattern compared to the 0–90 pattern. These differences can be attributed to different fiber morphologies at the intersection points, accompanied by resultantly varying charge amounts, which gives an insight into the cause of fiber deviation phenomena.
A 220‐GHz CMOS passive subharmonic downconverter for low‐IF applications
Authors: Fu Haipeng , Huang Puhuan , Ma Kaixue
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a 220‐GHz subharmonic downconverter with high conversion gain (CG) and low noise figure (NF) implemented in 28 nm bulk CMOS, including a core mixer and an intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier. Based on the traditional quasi‐subharmonic mixer, new gate‐shorted technology is presented to improve NF and CG by adding a source inductor to reduce the loss of radiofrequency signals. In addition, the impedance transformation network provides passive voltage gain to suppress the noise of the IF amplifier. The downconverter achieves a minimum single‐sidebandNF of 15.5 dB and a maximum CG of 21.3 dB when the IF frequency is 10 MHz. The 1 dB compression point of the downconverter is −30 dBm and consumes 8 mA current with an operating voltage of 0.9 V. The core area of the chip is 200 × 160 µm2
Clarifying the role of clinical research nurses working in Sweden, using the Clinical Trial Nursing Questionnaire – Swedish version
Authors: Backman Lönn Beatrice , Hajdarevic Senada , Olofsson Niclas , Hörnsten Åsa , Styrke Johan
Published: June 2022

Aim

To explore the role of CRNs in Sweden and differences in competences and tasks, using the Clinical Trial Nursing Questionnaire – Swedish version (CTNQ‐SWE).

Design

A cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

Participants were identified through strategic sampling. Data were analysed by descriptive and comparative statistics.

Results

The respondents were experienced nurses who felt proficient in their role, they felt more acceptance by the principal investigators than by nursing colleagues. A majority of CRNs are involved in all procedures specified in the CTNQ‐SWE. The most often performed tasks, also rated as the most important by the CRNs, concerned informed consent and management of investigational products. The education was often informal: with a lack of job descriptions and professional development plans. Need of formal specialist education was expressed.

Conclusions

Knowledge about the role description can be used by clinical research enterprise internationally and healthcare organizations aiming to support CRNs in their role.
Baseline risk characterization of early versus later adopters of long‐acting paliperidone palmitate formulations
Authors: Fife Daniel , Fortin Stephen , Qiu Hong , Yamazaki Michiyo , Najarian Dean , Voss Erica A
Published: June 2022

Early Post‐Marketing Phase Vigilance (EPPV) is a unique system that encourages reporting of serious adverse reactions for medications newly introduced to Japan. When a once‐monthly paliperidone palmitate formulation (PP1M) was introduced in Japan in 2013, EPPV detected a signal of increased mortality, but this signal was not subsequently confirmed. To clarify whether that signal reflected increased adverse event reporting or an atypically high baseline mortality risk among early adopters of PP1M, we evaluated the baseline risk characteristics of early, mid, and later adopters of PP1M in a Japanese database and did a similar evaluation of PP1M and the three‐monthly formulation (PP3M) in two US databases. In Japan, early adopters compared with later adopters were older (mean 39.16 vs 33.70 years) but had a lower proportion of male patients (32.0% vs 44.44%), and a lower mean number of antipsychotic medications (distinct active medical substances) other than paliperidone (2.62 vs 2.85). In the United States, the baseline characteristics of early adopters of PP1M and PP3M did not suggest higher mortality risk than later adopters. These results offer no convincing evidence that the unconfirmed early signal of increased mortality with PP1M was due to increased baseline mortality risk among early adopters.
No wrong decisions in an all‐wrong situation. A qualitative study on the lived experiences of families of children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: De Clercq Eva , Grotzer Michael , Landolt Markus A. , von Helversen Bettina , Flury Maria , Rössler Jochen , Kurzo Andrea , Streuli Jürg
Published: June 2022

Background

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare, but lethal pediatric brain tumor with a median survival of less than 1 year. Existing treatment may prolong life and control symptoms, but may cause toxicity and side effects. In order to improve child‐ and family‐centered care, we aimed to better understand the treatment decision‐making experiences of parents, as studies on this topic are currently lacking.

Procedure

The data for this study came from 24 semistructured interviews with parents whose children were diagnosed with DIPG in two children's hospitals in Switzerland and died between 2000 and 2016. Analysis of the dataset was done using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

For most parents, the decision for or against treatment was relatively straightforward given the fatality of the tumor and the absence of treatment protocols. Most of them had no regrets about their decision for or against treatment. The most distressing factor for them was observing their child's gradual loss of independence and informing them about the inescapability of death. To counter this powerlessness, many parents opted for complementary or alternative medicine in order to “do something.” Many parents reported psychological problems in the aftermath of their child's death and coping strategies between mothers and fathers often differed.

Conclusion

The challenges of DIPG are unique and explain why parental and shared decision‐making is different in DIPG compared to other cancer diagnoses. Considering that treatment decisions shape parents’ grief trajectory, clinicians should reassure parents by framing treatment decisions in terms of family's deeply held values and goals.
Rates of metastatic prostate cancer in newly diagnosed patients: Numbers needed to image according to risk level
Authors: Sorce Gabriele , Hoeh Benedikt , Flammia Rocco S. , Chierigo Francesco , Hohenhorst Lukas , Panunzio Andrea , Nimer Nancy , Tian Zhe , Gandaglia Giorgio , Tilki Derya , Terrone Carlo , Gallucci Michele , Chun Felix K. H. , Antonelli Alessandro , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Montorsi Francesco , Briganti Alberto , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: June 2022

Background

The numbers needed to image to identify pelvic lymph node and/or distant metastases in newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) patients according to risk level are unknown.

Methods

Relying on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (2010–2016), we tabulated rates and proportions of patients with (a) lymph node or (b) distant metastases according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk level and calculated the number needed to image (NNI) for both endpoints. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

Of 145,939 newly diagnosed PCa patients assessable for analyses of pelvic lymph node metastases (cN1), 4559 (3.1%) harbored cN1 stage: 13 (0.02%), 18 (0.08%), 63 (0.3%), 512 (2.8%), and 3954 (14.9%) in low, intermediate favorable, intermediate unfavorable, high, and very high‐risk levels. These resulted in NNI of 4619, 1182, 319, 35, and 7, respectively. Of 181,109 newly diagnosed PCa patients assessable for analyses of distant metastases (M1a–c), 8920 (4.9%) harbored M1a–c stage: 50 (0.07%), 45 (0.1%), 161 (0.5%), 1290 (5.1%), and 7374 (22.0%) in low, intermediate favorable, intermediate unfavorable, high, and very high‐risk. These resulted in NNI of 1347, 602, 174, 20, and 5, respectively.

Conclusions

Our observations perfectly validated the NCCN recommendations for imaging in newly diagnosed high and very high‐risk PCa patients. However, in unfavorable intermediate‐risk PCa patients, in whom bone and soft tissue imaging is recommended, the NNI might be somewhat elevated to support routine imaging in clinical practice.
Caring in a crisis: Understanding the stressors and uplifts for National Health Service frontline staff through the lens of clinical psychologists
Authors: Sattar Raabia , Heyhoe Jane , O’Hara Daniel , Wijeratne Dileep , Lawton Rebecca
Published: June 2022

The unprecedented public health crisis of the Covid‐19 pandemic resulted in a significant challenge to the delivery of healthcare that has rarely been experienced before. The stress already faced by healthcare staff working in the National Health Service (NHS) has been further exacerbated during Covid‐19, putting them at risk of adverse mental health outcomes. Through the lens of clinical psychologists who had provided support to frontline healthcare staff during the Covid‐19 pandemic, this study aimed to better understand the stressors and uplifts healthcare staff experienced during Covid‐19, the impact of these on the wellbeing of staff and patient care, and to examine the support needed to deal with the impact of a crisis. A qualitative study design using a combination of diaries followed by semi‐structured interviews was utilised. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. The following five themes represented the stressors and uplifts experienced by NHS frontline healthcare staff during Covid‐19, the impact on staff wellbeing and patient care: facing change; risks of working in the NHS environment; transcending the negatives; challenging professional values and haunted by patient deaths. The findings also highlight the importance of providing psychological support and suggest the need to continue to provide this support service to help NHS staff manage through subsequent waves of the pandemic. These findings can contribute towards both the management of the current Covid‐19 pandemic and other similar crises in the future.
SAMBA: A Multicolor Digital Melting PCR Platform for Rapid Microbiome Profiling
Authors: Luo Yongqiang , Cui Xu , Cheruba Elsie , Chua Yong Kang , Ng Charmaine , Tan Rui Zhen , Tan Ker‐Kan , Cheow Lih Feng
Published: June 2022

During the past decade, breakthroughs in sequencing technology have provided the basis for studies of the myriad ways in which microbial communities in and on the human body influence human health and disease. In almost every medical specialty, there is now a growing interest in accurate and quantitative profiling of the microbiota for use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, the current next‐generation sequencing approach for microbiome profiling is costly, requires laborious library preparation, and is challenging to scale up for routine diagnostics. Split, Amplify, and Melt analysis of BActeria‐community (SAMBA), a novel multicolor digital melting polymerase chain reaction platform with unprecedented multiplexing capability is presented, and the capability to distinguish and quantify 16 bacteria species in mixtures is demonstrated. Subsequently, SAMBA is applied to measure the compositions of bacteria in the gut microbiome to identify microbial dysbiosis related to colorectal cancer. This rapid, low cost, and high‐throughput approach will enable the implementation of microbiome diagnostics in clinical laboratories and routine medical practice.
Model‐based risk assessment evaluation
Authors: Germanos Vasileios , Zeng Wen
Published: June 2022

Risk assessment (RA) belongs to the core parts of an organizational risk management process. The primary goals of a RA are the identification, estimation and prioritization of risk(s) to organizational operations. The existing quantitative analysis of RA is focusing on the risk factors, that is, threat or vulnerability. However, the quantitative metrics of the assessment have not been formally defined and modeled yet. Consequently, it is essential to define a formal model and relevant security metrics for RA within an organization. In this study, we will use a complete lattice to analyze risk factors. Moreover, a formal model will be defined to describe the RA process. The reachability of the model will be discussed. Quantitative metrics will be defined to provide insight on the risk estimation. The model can be expressed using colored Petri nets. This study can assist chief information security officers analyze security risks in their organizations and help them balance the security budget in their organizations.
Rechargeable Micro‐Batteries for Wearable and Implantable Applications
Authors: Li Pengzhou , Liao Meng , Li Jiaxin , Ye Lei , Cheng Xiangran , Wang Bingjie , Peng Huisheng
Published: June 2022

The rise of wearable and implantable microelectronics calls for the corresponding high‐performance micropower sources. Rechargeable micro‐batteries (MBs) are considered the most promising candidate due to their high energy density and stable voltage output. To date, various MBs with different configurations have been designed to meet the ever‐growing high energy consumption requirements of microelectronic devices. Therefore, it is very urgent to summarize the current challenges of MBs and discuss solutions for future research. In this perspective, a comprehensive overview and insights on rechargeable MBs are carefully presented with an emphasis on the design of various configurations. The representative preparation methods and application scenarios of various MBs have been summarized. The challenges and future perspectives are also discussed to provide insights into the forward‐looking research and potential directions of this promising field.
Recent Progress in Thermal Conversion of CO2 via Single‐Atom Site Catalysis
Authors: Wang Qishun , Zheng Xiaobo , Wu Jiabin , Wang Yao , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: June 2022

CO2 emission has been an international issue of great concern. Utilizing of CO2, especially converting it to value‐added products, is widely investigated, among which the thermal conversion of CO2 has enormous potential for industry. Researches on single‐atom site catalysis (SAC) have become increasingly systematic during the last years. High performance and distinctive selectivity that SAC exhibits attribute to the isolated structure a large extent. To understand the structure–performance relationship of SAC in CO2 activation, issues including substrate, active components, coordination, chemical structure, etc. are of the essence not only in academia but also in industry. However, it is far away from the vision that the synthetic procedure and reaction pathway are deeply comprehended, thereupon precise single‐atom sites with specific structure are constructed and elementary reactions are regulated at will. Still a lot of efforts are needed to this field. Herein, CO2 reduction reactions are reviewed according to the products, and then catalysts are introduced by the substrate. The promoter, stability, synthesis/regeneration, characterization, and theory calculation issue related to SAC and CO2 activation are comprehensively summarized and discussed. Looking back the progress, challenge and outlook of single‐atom site catalysis are also proposed.
Mesenteric lymph node abscesses due to Escherichia coli in a cat
Authors: Sakai Kosei , Kanegi Ryoji , Nabetani Tomoyo , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Shimamura Shunsuke , Shimada Terumasa , Sugiura Kikuya , Hatoya Shingo
Published: June 2022

A 3‐year‐old, castrated male mixed‐breed cat presented with an almost 2‐year history of chronic loose stools. On radiography and ultrasound examination, there were two masses in the centre of the abdomen. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed that the masses were enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes with fluid accumulation. Percutaneous lesion drainage yielded pus‐like fluid. Fluid cytology revealed numerous neutrophils and Gram‐negative rods. Pus culture identified Escherichia coli as the causative organism. Consequently, mesenteric lymph node abscesses were definitively diagnosed. Since computed tomography showed that the abscesses adhered to the surrounding tissues, it was difficult to remove them surgically. With drainage and antimicrobial therapy, the mesenteric lymph nodes gradually decreased in size. However, loose stools persisted. The cat's diet was changed to a hydrolysed diet, and the clinical symptoms improved, suggesting food‐responsive enteropathy. This may be an underlying disease of lymph node abscesses. Lymph node abscesses limited to the mesenteric lymph nodes rarely occur in veterinary medicine, and this is the first report in cats.
Investigating the use of anaerobically stored carbon in post‐anoxic denitrification
Authors: Bauhs Kayla T. , Gagnon Alexandria A. , Bott Charles B.
Published: June 2022

Significant methanol savings are hypothesized to result from anaerobic storage of internal carbon that is used for post‐anoxic denitrification. An investigation into this internal carbon‐driven denitrification was performed via a series of batch tests using biomass from Hampton Roads Sanitation District's (HRSD's) water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs): the Virginia Initiative Plant (VIP), Nansemond Plant (NP), and Army Base (AB) Treatment Plant. Internal carbon specific denitrification rates (SDNRs) increased during winter, by as much as 1 mg N/g MLVSS/h for VIP. Increasing the aeration time by 2–4 h lowered the SDNR by an average of 0.21–0.35 mg N/g MLVSS/h. No internal carbon denitrification was observed for biomass from non‐nitrifying/denitrifying, biological phosphorus removal (bio‐P) WRRFs. The increase in internal carbon SDNRs when the anaerobic acetate dose increased from 20 to 100 mg COD/L ranged from 0.06 to 0.28 mg N/g MLVSS/h. Higher phosphorus uptake rates were found to correlate to higher internal carbon SDNRs, but no significant post‐anoxic P uptake was observed. The first steps are taken towards developing a strategy for full‐scale implementation of this relatively novel type of denitrification by evaluating how some factors affect its occurrence.

Practitioner Points

Significant methanol savings at a full‐scale facility may result from use of internally stored carbon for post‐anoxic denitrification.

Short aerobic HRTs and high anaerobic zone VFA loading increase the post‐anoxic internal carbon‐driven denitrification.

Non‐nitrifying, bio‐P biomass is not capable of internal carbon‐driven denitrification.

Internal carbon‐driven denitrification is correlated with the activity of polyphosphate accumulating organisms.
Characterization of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria in a municipal water resource recovery facility
Authors: Rajabi Akbar , Farajzadeh Davoud , Dehghanzadeh Reza , Aslani Hassan , Mousavi Saeid , Mosaferi Mohammad , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi , Asghari Farzaneh Baghal
Published: June 2022

Municipal water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) are important sources of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and genes (ARB and ARGs). In this study, antibiotic‐resistant total heterotrophic bacteria (THBR) counts (CFU/ml) cultivated from influent, effluent of activated sludge process, and outflow of disinfection unit of an urban WRRF were investigated for the presence of 16, 32, 64, and 128 μg/ml of nine antibiotics. The isolates of Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Escherichia coli obtained from effluent of activated sludge process were subjected for molecular identification by detecting the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Additionally, using the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR), the isolates were investigated for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX‐M, blaVIM, sul1, and qnrS genes. According to the results, the abundance of THBR counts was not significantly reduced by the biological treatment except for cefixime and sulfamethoxazole; it also increased for some antibiotics after disinfection unit. The average removal efficiency of THBR resistant to ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and ceftazidime were 7.9 ± 1.7%, 41.8 ± 2.1%, and 14.4 ± 6.2%, respectively. Also, all the tested isolates were resistant to at least four antibiotics. For all antibiotics, the resistance ratio (THBR/THB) significantly increased in the effluent and after chlorination unit. Among 12 resistant isolates, blaTEM and sul1 genes were the most frequently detected ones involved in 92% and 83% of the isolates, respectively. Both blaTEM and sul1 genes were found in 100% of E. coli, and 83% and 67% of Pseudomonas spp. isolates, respectively. Further efforts are necessary to limit the transmission of ARB and ARGs from WRRFs into the environment and prevent human health threats.

Practitioner Points

The ratio of resistance significantly increased after biological treatment.

Up to 40% of heterotrophic bacteria in the effluent was antibiotic resistant.

blaTEM and sul1 genes were more prevalent (92%) in all isolates of bacteria.

Both blaTEM and sul1 genes were found in 100% of E. coli isolates.

Pseudomonas spp. holds blaTEM and sul1 genes in 83% and 67% of isolates, respectively.
Prostatic Artery Embolization (PAE) Using Polyethylene Glycol Microspheres: Safety and Efficacy in 81 Patients
Authors: Insausti Iñigo , Galbete Arkaitz , Lucas-Cava Vanesa , de Ocáriz Ana Sáez , Solchaga Saioa , Monreal Raquel , de la Cuesta Antonio Martínez , Alfaro Raquel , Sun Fei , Montesino Manuel , Urtasun Fermin , Bilbao Jaureguízar José Ignacio
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) using polyethylene glycol microspheres (PEGM) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials and methods

This multicentric prospective study enrolled 81 patients who underwent PAE with 400 ± 75 µm PEGM (HydroPearl®, Terumo, Japan). Results from baseline and 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups were assessed for subjective outcomes including International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), Quality of life (QoL), and International Index of Erectile Function, and objective outcomes such as peak urinary flow (Qmax) and post-void residual volume (PVR). The visual analogue scale, satisfaction questionnaire, prostatic volume, and prostatic specific antigen levels were also evaluated. Complications were documented using the modified Clavien–Dindo classification.

Results

Technical success was obtained in all patients. Clinical success was achieved in 78.5% of patients. Before PAE, 54.3% of patients had an indwelling catheter which was removed in 75% of them after procedure. A statistically significant decrease was observed in IPSS and QoL from baseline to 12 months (20.14 vs 5.89; 4.8 vs 0.63, P < .01), respectively. Objective outcomes also showed a statistically significant improvement in Qmax (+ 114.9%; P < .01), achieving a maximum urinary flow of 14.2 mL/sec, and PVR (decrease 58%; P < .05) at 12 months. Minor complications (Clavien–Dindo grades I–II) occurred in 13.6% of patients, without major complications observed.

Conclusion

PAE with PEGM is safe and effective treatment in patients with symptomatic BPH, with a significant improvement in both subjective and objective outcomes.
Phreatic and Hydrothermal Eruptions: From Overlooked to Looking Over
Authors: Montanaro Cristian , Mick Emily , Salas-Navarro Jessica , Caudron Corentin , Cronin Shane J. , de Moor J. Maarten , Scheu Bettina , Stix John , Strehlow Karen
Published: June 2022

Over the last decade, field investigations, laboratory experiments, geophysical exploration and petrological, geochemical and numerical modelling have provided insight into the mechanisms of phreatic and hydrothermal eruptions. These eruptions are driven by sudden flashing of ground- or hydrothermal water to steam and are strongly influenced by the interaction of host rock and hydrothermal system. Aquifers hosted in volcanic edifices, calderas and rift environments can be primed for instability by alteration processes affecting rock permeability and/or strength, while magmatic fluid injection(s), earthquakes or other subtle triggers can promote explosive failure. Gas emission, ground deformation and seismicity may provide short- to medium-term forerunner signals of these eruptions, yet a definition of universal precursors remains a key challenge. Looking forward in the next 10 years, improved warning and hazard assessment will require integration of field and experimental data with models combining case studies, as well as development of new monitoring methods integrated by machine learning approaches.
Polysaccharides/propolis composite as promising materials with biomedical and packaging applications: a review
Authors: Salama Ahmed , El-Sakhawy Mohamed
Published: June 2022

The design of biopolymers matrices for incorporating bioactive compounds represents a valuable technique for various biomedical and packaging applications. Propolis has developed as a natural byproduct from beekeeping for wound healing, food packaging, and food production applications. The current review focuses on the various composites prepared from propolis with polysaccharides like cellulose, chitosan, starch, and alginate, where the chemistry, synthesis, and application are seriously discussed. This study found that polysaccharide composite matrix with propolis may provide an appropriate platform for different applications such as wound healing and adequate biodegradable packaging. Using polysaccharide composite matrix with propolis is a promise policy for biodegradable active packaging upgrading and wound healing applications.
An unsupervised autonomous learning framework for goal-directed behaviours in dynamic contexts
Authors: Ezenkwu Chinedu Pascal , Starkey Andrew
Published: June 2022

Due to their dependence on a task-specific reward function, reinforcement learning agents are ineffective at responding to a dynamic goal or environment. This paper seeks to overcome this limitation of traditional reinforcement learning through a task-agnostic, self-organising autonomous agent framework. The proposed algorithm is a hybrid of TMGWR for self-adaptive learning of sensorimotor maps and value iteration for goal-directed planning. TMGWR has been previously demonstrated to overcome the problems associated with competing sensorimotor techniques such SOM, GNG, and GWR; these problems include: difficulty in setting a suitable number of neurons for a task, inflexibility, the inability to cope with non-markovian environments, challenges with noise, and inappropriate representation of sensory observations and actions together. However, the binary sensorimotor-link implementation in the original TMGWR enables catastrophic forgetting when the agent experiences changes in the task and it is therefore not suitable for self-adaptive learning. A new sensorimotor-link update rule is presented in this paper to enable the adaptation of the sensorimotor map to new experiences. This paper has demonstrated that the TMGWR-based algorithm has better sample efficiency than model-free reinforcement learning and better self-adaptivity than both the model-free and the traditional model-based reinforcement learning algorithms. Moreover, the algorithm has been demonstrated to give the lowest overall computational cost when compared to traditional reinforcement learning algorithms.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among nonphysician healthcare personnel by work location at a tertiary-care center, Iowa, 2020–2021
Authors: Kobayashi Takaaki , Heinemann John , Trannel Alexandra , Marra Alexandre R. , Alsuhaibani Mohammed , Etienne William , Sheeler Lorinda L. , Abosi Oluchi , Holley Stephanie , Kukla Mary Beth , Dains Angelique , Jenn Kyle E. , Meacham Holly , Hanna Beth , Ford Bradley , Brust Karen , Wellington Melanie , Hartley Patrick G. , Diekema Daniel J. , Salinas Jorge L.
Published: June 2022

We describe COVID-19 cases among nonphysician healthcare personnel (HCP) by work location. The proportion of HCP with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was highest in the emergency department and lowest among those working remotely. COVID-19 and non–COVID-19 units had similar proportions of HCP with COVID-19 (13%). Cases decreased across all work locations following COVID-19 vaccination.
The shape of a seed bank tree
Authors: González Casanova Adrián , Peñaloza Lizbeth , Siri-Jégousse Arno
Published: June 2022

We derive the asymptotic behavior of the total, active, and inactive branch lengths of the seed bank coalescent when the initial sample size grows to infinity. These random variables have important applications for populations evolving under some seed bank effects, such as plants and bacteria, and for some cases of structured populations like metapopulations. The proof relies on the analysis of the tree at a stopping time corresponding to the first time a deactivated lineage is reactivated. We also give conditional sampling formulas for the random partition, and we study the system at the time of the first reactivation of a lineage. All these results provide a good picture of the different regimes and behaviors of the block-counting process of the seed bank coalescent.
Increased but Insincere Support? New Evidence from Putin’s Post-Crimea Annexation
Authors: COSTIK LEAH
Published: June 2022

Elected leaders tend to enjoy an increase in popular support when the countries they govern become embroiled in international conflict. For example, George W. Bush could boast a 90% approval rating in the wake of 9/11. Existing theories claim that such “rally effects” occur due to favorable media coverage, support from opposition party members, and/or an uptick in patriotism. These existing theories share a basic assumption: rallies or rally effects reflect sincere changes in preferences, or individuals’ beliefs. In his new American Political Science Review article (https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs%5b%E2%80%A6%5dpularity-surge-after-crimea/B587ECFA7B1280DE42D914DC101296F4), Henry E. Hale argues for a re-examination of the causal mechanisms in relation to rallying effects.
Extracellular vesicles in mammalian reproduction: a review
Authors: Muñoz Erwin L. , Fuentes Fernanda B. , Felmer Ricardo N. , Yeste Marc , Arias María E.
Published: June 2022

Over the last decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to be implicated in a complex universal mechanism of communication between different cell types. EVs are nanostructures of lipid nature that have an exosomal or ectosomal biogenesis, responsible for the intercellular transport of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, ions, among other molecules. The content of EVs can vary due to various factors such as hormonal stimuli, non-physiological conditions, metabolic state, etc. Once EVs reach their target cell, they can modulate processes such as gene expression, metabolism, response to external factors, and can even be associated with the delivery of molecules involved in epigenetic inheritance processes in germ cells. In mammalian reproduction, EVs have been shown to play an important role, eitherin vivoorin vitro, modulating a variety of processes in sperm, oocytes and embryos, and in their respective environments. Moreover, EVs represent a biodegradable, harmless and specific vehicle, which makes them attractive allies to consider when improving assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Therefore, the present review aims to describe the content of the main EVs involved in mammalian reproduction and how they can vary due to different factors, as well as to detail how EVs modulate, directly or indirectly, different molecular processes in gametes and embryos. In addition, we will highlight the mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. We will also propose new perspectives according to the characteristics of each particular EV to improve the different ARTs.
PRECONTRACTUAL JUSTICE
Authors: Dagan Hanoch , Dorfman Avihay
Published: June 2022

This article develops a theory of just contractual relationships for a liberal society. As a liberal theory, our account is premised on liberalism's canonical commitments to self-determination and substantive equality. As a theory of contract law, it focuses on the parties’ interpersonal interactions rather than on the justice (or welfare) of the social order as a whole.

Normatively, the article claims that the rules governing cases where one party experiences harsh circumstances or vulnerability during the bargaining process or operates under significant informational disadvantage must be guided by the commitment to relational justice, that is, to reciprocal respect for self-determination and substantive equality. Jurisprudentially, the article studies the systemic difficulties hindering the translation of these normative prescriptions into legal language and analyzes how they affect the form assumed by the law of precontractual justice and its institutional pedigree.
Evaluation of sulfentrazone and S-metolachlor in brassica vegetables
Authors: Rachuy John S. , Fennimore Steven A.
Published: June 2022

Small-acreage brassica vegetables need additional herbicide options. Among the vegetables grown in California are a number of niche crops, such as bok choi and brussels sprouts, that have a limited number of registered herbicides, such as DCPA. Sulfentrazone and S-metolachlor have food use tolerances for use on brassica head and stem Group 5-16, which includes crops like bok choi and brussels sprouts, as well as brassica leafy greens Subgroup 4-16B, which includes crops like kale. However, there is a lack of data for S-metolachlor and sulfentrazone on a wide variety of seeded and transplanted brassica vegetables. S-metolachlor applied preemergence (PRE) was evaluated on six direct-seeded brassica vegetables during 2019 and 2020, including bok choi, broccoli rabe, collard, mizuna, radish, and mustard greens. S-metolachlor and sulfentrazone were both evaluated PRE in transplanted brussels sprouts and kale. The results indicate that most of the seeded brassica vegetables were tolerant of S-metolachlor and that transplanted brassica vegetables were tolerant of both S-metolachlor and sulfentrazone. Broccoli rabe was moderately injured in 2020, but yields did not vary among treatments either year.
USP53 plays an antitumor role in hepatocellular carcinoma through deubiquitination of cytochrome c
Authors: Yao Ye , Ma Weijie , Guo Yonghua , Liu Yingyi , Xia Peng , Wu Xiaoling , Chen Yiran , Wang Kunlei , Mei Chengjie , Wang Ganggang , Li Xiaomian , Zhang Zhonglin , Chen Xi , Yuan Yufeng
Published: June 2022

Despite of advances in treatment options, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains nearly incurable and has been recognized as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. As a deubiquitinating enzyme, the antitumor effect of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 53 (USP53) has been demonstrated on few malignancies. In this study, we investigated the potential antitumor role of USP53 in HCC. The results showed that USP53 was downregulated in HCC tissues as well as in HCC cell lines using both in silico data as well as patient samples. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of USP53 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced the apoptosis of HCC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) assay and mass spectrometry (MS) combined with the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified cytochrome c (CYCS) as an interacting partner of USP53. USP53 overexpression increased the stability of CYCS in HCC cells following cycloheximide treatment. Finally, the overexpression of CYCS compensated for the decreased apoptotic rates in cells with USP53 knocked down, suggesting that USP53 induced the apoptosis in HCC cells through the deubiquitination of CYCS. To summarize, we identified USP53 as a tumor suppressor as well as a therapeutic target in HCC, providing novel insights into its pivotal role in cell apoptosis.
Adaptation to simulated microgravity in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Fernander Mizpha C. , Parsons Paris K. , Khaled Billal , Bradley Amina , Graves Joseph L. , Thomas Misty D.
Published: June 2022

Long-term space missions have shown an increased incidence of oral disease in astronauts’ and as a result, are one of the top conditions predicted to impact future missions. Here we set out to evaluate the adaptive response of Streptococcus mutans (etiological agent of dental caries) to simulated microgravity. This organism has been well studied on earth and treatment strategies are more predictable. Despite this, we are unsure how the bacterium will respond to the environmental stressors in space. We used experimental evolution for 100-days in high aspect ratio vessels followed by whole genome resequencing to evaluate this adaptive response. Our data shows that planktonic S. mutans did evolve variants in three genes (pknB, SMU_399 and SMU_1307c) that can be uniquely attributed to simulated microgravity populations. In addition, collection of data at multiple time points showed mutations in three additional genes (SMU_399, ptsH and rex) that were detected earlier in simulated microgravity populations than in the normal gravity controls, many of which are consistent with other studies. Comparison of virulence-related phenotypes between biological replicates from simulated microgravity and control orientation cultures generally showed few changes in antibiotic susceptibility, while acid tolerance and adhesion varied significantly between biological replicates and decreased as compared to the ancestral populations. Most importantly, our data shows the importance of a parallel normal gravity control, sequencing at multiple time points and the use of biological replicates for appropriate analysis of adaptation in simulated microgravity.